Wikipedia simplewiki https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.8 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk MOS MOS talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 121 10368159 10347238 2025-07-02T19:49:07Z SoAnnoyedToName 1632302 Undid vandalism 10251624 10368159 wikitext text/x-wiki {{distinguish|County}} {{About|the geographical term|a list of all countries|List of countries|other uses}} [[File:World location map.svg|280px|thumb|World map with the current political division of countries.]] A '''country''' is a distinct [[territory]] with defined [[border]]s, boundaries, [[Population|people]] and [[government]]. Most countries are [[Sovereign state|sovereign states]] while [[Constituent country|others]] make up one part of a larger state.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/country|title = Definition of COUNTRY}}</ref> The people that live in a country are referred to as a [[nation]]. The government that runs the country is called the [[state]]. [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], [[United Kingdom]], [[United States]], [[Canada]] and other countries. The people who live in a country are referred to as a [[nation]]. The government that runs the country is called the [[state]]. == Number of countries == There is no universally-accepted answer as to how many countries in the world there actually are. The minimum answer is 195, the number recognized by the [[United Nations]], which has 193 members.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/en/member-states/|title=Member States - United Nations|website=www.un.org}}</ref> This can be developed on even further by adding the constituent countries of the [[United Kingdom]], the [[Netherlands|Kingdom of the Netherlands]] and the [[Denmark|Kingdom of Denmark]]. which could add anywhere from three to eleven more countries. There are multiple [[organisation]]<nowiki/>s, which have their own lists of countries. For example, the [[Travellers Century Club]] recognizes 330 countries as of January 2022.<ref>{{cite web|title=Alphabetical List - The Travelers' Century Club|url=https://travelerscenturyclub.org/countries-and-territories/alphabetical-list|publisher=}}</ref> == Disputed countries == [[Palestine]] is often classified as a country. However, there is an ongoing dispute over its independence with [[Israel]]. There are a number of disputed areas that have declared independence from their parent state and receive limited recognition such as [[Kosovo]], [[Transnistria]], [[Abkhazia]], [[South Ossetia]], [[Northern Cyprus]], [[Chechnya]], [[Tibet]], [[East Turkestan]], and [[Somaliland]]. They are just some of the many examples of territories with limited to no recognition that are sometimes classed as countries. There is a lot of controversy surrounding the above examples and quite often, any of those territories may be counted as countries based purely on opinion. If all of the above were added the list of United Nations members, there could be anything up to 211 countries. There are, however, many more territories with unique political circumstances that could also be counted. Depending on how loosely the dictionary definition for the word country is used there could be many more than 193 countries in the world. The matter is purely subjective depending on varying opinions. == Constituent country == "[[Constituent country]]" is a term sometimes used, usually by official institutions, in contexts in which a number of countries are part of a [[sovereign state]]. The [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD) has used the term referring to the former [[Yugoslavia]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/60/63/1947767.htm|title=Yugoslavia|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OCDE]]|access-date=January 15, 2009}}</ref> and [[Europe]]an institutions like the [[Council of Europe]] often use it in reference to the [[European Union]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://assembly.coe.int/Documents/AdoptedText/TA04/ERES1365.htm|title=European Union|publisher=[[Council of Europe]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206100616/http://assembly.coe.int/Documents/AdoptedText/TA04/ERES1365.htm|archive-date=February 6, 2009|access-date=January 15, 2009}}</ref> == Territorial dispute == A disputed territory is a territory whose [[sovereignty]] is jealously desired by two or more countries. Usually, the administration of the territory is carried out by one of the countries that claims sovereignty, and the other country does not [[Recognition|recognize]] the sovereignty over the territory of the other country. This does not usually happen in land or sea areas such as [[Antarctica]] on which no country has effective or total control. == Nation state == A [[nation state]] is a sovereign country in which most citizens are somewhat homogeneous in terms of [[culture]], [[religion]], [[language]], [[Ethnic group|ethnicity]], etc. ==Related pages== *[[State]] *[[Sovereign state]] *[[Nation]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== {{wikt}} * [http://www.dinksoftware.com/geography_trainer.php Geography Trainer 1.3.5 - Educational game aimed at school children to teach world capitals] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102225009/http://www.dinksoftware.com/geography_trainer.php |date=2011-01-02 }} * [http://www.dinksoftware.com/geography_trainer_us_states.php Geography Trainer US States 1.1 game] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110103191321/http://www.dinksoftware.com/geography_trainer_us_states.php |date=2011-01-03 }} * [http://www.guavastudios.com/country-list.htm List of countries] * [http://www.geography-site.co.uk/pages/countries/atlas_index.html Geography Site Country Profiles - Based on the ''CIA World Factbook''] {{Africa}} {{Asia}} {{Europe}} {{North America}} {{South America}} {{Oceania}} {{Antarctica}} [[Category:Countries| ]] [[Category:Basic English 850 words]] lqjv9vfc6k5ddoisla48lc5qyy7zhzj 0 216 10369090 10357105 2025-07-03T07:24:50Z 2605:4A80:7804:8EE0:A077:CF05:41E2:FD96 10369090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wiktionary|Europe}} [[File:Europe location.png|thumb|275px|[[Map]] of Europe]] [[File:Rectified Languages of Europe map.png|thumb|275px|right|The languages of Europe]] [[File:First.Crusade.Map.jpg|thumb|275px|Europe history; [[1000]].]] '''Europe''' is the western part of the continent of [[Eurasia]], often thought of as its own [[continent]]. It is separated from Asia by the [[Ural Mountains]] in [[Russia]] and the [[Bosporus]] [[strait]] in [[Turkey]]. The continent has the largest [[Roma people|Roma]] population in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/topic/romani-people-in-the-eu_20901}}</ref> Europe is bordered by water on three sides. On the west is the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. To the north is the [[Arctic Ocean]]. The [[Mediterranean Sea]] separates [[Southeastern Europe]] from the continent of [[Africa]]. On the eastern border of Europe are the [[Ural River]] and [[Ural Mountains]]. There are at least 44 or 50 countries in Europe (the European identities of 7 countries: [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Republic of Cyprus|Cyprus]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Russia]], [[Turkey]] and [[Syria]] are disputed). Most of these countries are members of the [[European Union]]. Europe covers about 10,180,000 [[square kilometre]] (3,930,000 [[square mile|square miles]]). This is 2% of the Earth's surface (6.8% of its land area). As of 2017, about 510 million people lived in Europe.<ref>"[https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ World Populations Prospects, the 2015 RevisionS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927210437/https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ |date=2016-09-27 }}". United Nations - Department of Economic and Social Affairs - Population Division.</ref> Europe contains the world's second most-active volcano, which is [[Mount Etna]] that is currently the most-active volcano in the continent. Europe is a major [[Tourism|tourist]] attraction. People come from all over the world to see its many [[World Heritage Site|World Heritage Sites]] and other attractions. == Origin of name == Europe is named after a princess in [[Greek mythology]] called "Europa." The [[Mythology|myth]] says that [[Zeus]] [[Kidnapping|kidnapped]] Europa and took her to [[Crete]], where she became the mother of King [[Minos]] (from whom Europe’s first civilization gets its name, the [[Minoa|Minoans]]). The name "Europa" was later used to describe [[Greece]]. Then, as the rest of modern-day Europe started to have cities and [[empire|empires]], the entire area West of the [[Ural Mountains]] came to be called "Europa". == History == {{Main|History of Europe}} The history of Europe is long and has many turns. Many great countries originated from Europe. [[Greek mythology]] and the beginning of [[western civilization]] came from European nations. Some of the major periods in European history have been: * [[Ancient Greece]] ([[Minoan civilization|Minoan]], [[Mycenaean]], [[Archaic Greece|Archaic]], [[Classical Greece|Classical]], [[Hellenistic period|Hellenistic]]): c.2000 BC to 146 BC * [[Ancient Rome]] ([[Roman kingdom]], [[Roman Republic]] and [[Roman Empire]]): 753BC-476 * [[Middle Ages]] ([[Early Middle Ages|Early]], [[High Middle Ages|High]], [[Late middle ages|Late]]): 476 to 1492 * [[Early modern period|Early Modern Era]] ([[Renaissance]], [[Reformation]], [[Age of Discovery]], [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]]): 1492-1789 * [[19th Century]], [[20th Century]] and 21st Century ([[French Revolution]], [[Napoleonic Wars]], [[Industrial Revolution]], [[Colonialism]], [[World War 1]], [[October Revolution]], [[World War 2]], [[Cold War]]): 1789-present. == Regions and countries == Andreas M. Kaplan describes modern Europe as a continent where many different [[culture]]s live closely together, "embracing maximum cultural diversity at minimal geographical distances".<ref>{{Cite journal| url = https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2014.03.006 | title = Andreas M. Kaplan: European Management and European Business Schools: Insights from the History of Business Schools, European Management Journal, 2014 | doi=10.1016/j.emj.2014.03.006 | journal = European Management Journal | access-date = 2017-08-31 | archive-date = 2021-05-21 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210521171159/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0263237314000425?via%3Dihub | url-status = live | issn=0263-2373}}</ref> There are several major regions of Europe: * [[Eastern Europe]] * [[Central Europe]] * [[Western Europe]] * [[Northern Europe]] * [[Southern Europe|Southern]] and [[Southeastern Europe]] Within these regions, there are up to 50 [[Sovereign state|independent European countries]] (with the identities of 7 transcontinental countries being disputed). The largest is the [[Russian Federation]], which covers 39% of Europe. The European city with the largest [[population]] is [[Istanbul]]. The country with the largest population is the Russian Federation. About 15% of Europeans live in Russia. Two European countries, the [[United Kingdom]] and the [[Republic of Ireland]], are on [[island]]s called the [[British Isles]]. == Climate == Most of Europe lies in [[Temperate zone|temperate climate zones]]. However, there are many different [[climate]]s throughout Europe. For example, during the winter, it may be snowing and -30 degrees [[Celsius]] for 4–5 months in [[Finland]]. Yet it may be much warmer, with no snow at all except on high mountains, in [[Spain]]. == European organizations == * [[Council of Europe]] * [[European Court of Human Rights]] * [[European Union]] * [[Union of European Football Associations]] * [[Warsaw Pact]] Organization (1955-1989) == European Union == {{Main|European Union}} The European Union is a [[confederation]] of 27 European countries. These countries agree to follow common laws so that their citizens can move and trade in EU countries almost the same as they do in their own. Twenty of these countries also share the same type of [[money]]: the [[euro]]. <!-- == List of [[Recognition#Politics|widely-recognised]] independent European countries == {{Div col}} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Flag ! Name/Official name ! Area (km2 or sq mi) ! Population ! Density (pop/km2) ! Capital ! Official language(s) |- | align="center" | {{flagicon|Albania}} | align="center" | [[Albania]]<small><br> Republic of Albania </small> | {{convert|28748|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} | 3038594 | 105,6 | [[Tirana]] | [[Albanian language|sq]] |- | align="center" | {{flagicon|Andorra}} | align="center" | [[Andorra]]<small><br> Coprincipality of Andorra </small> | {{convert|468|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} | 85660 | 183 | [[Andorra la Vella]] | [[Catalan language|ca]]/[[Spanish language|es]] |- | align="center" | {{flagicon|Armenia}} | align="center" | [[Armenia]]<small><br> Republic of Armenia </small> | {{convert|29749|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} | 3229900 | 108,5 | [[Yerevan]] | [[Armenian language|hy]] |- | align="center" | {{flagicon|Austria}} {{flagicon|European Union}} | align="center" | [[Austria]]<small><br> Republic of Austria </small> | {{convert|83871|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} | 8711770 | 103,8 | [[Vienna]] | [[German language|de]] |- | align="center" | {{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} | align="center" | [[Azerbaijan]]<small><br> Republic of Azerbaijan </small> | {{convert|86600|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} | 9872765 | 114 | [[Baku]] | [[Azerbaijani language|az]] |} {{div col end}} {{clear}} --> ==References== {{commonscat}} {{reflist}} {{Europe topics}} {{Europe}} {{European Union}} {{Continent}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Europe| ]] [[Category:Laurasia]] jh7ida6l1wyof5t0ncoaegus1cc4y7f 0 219 10369407 10351799 2025-07-03T11:08:29Z 180.150.36.182 10369407 wikitext text/x-wiki {{good}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}{{Use American English|date=July 2015}} '''Earth''' is the third [[planet]] from the [[Sun]] in the [[Solar System]]. It is one of four [[terrestrial planet|rocky planets]] on the inner side of the [[Solar System]]. The other three are [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]], [[Venus]], and [[Mars (planet)|Mars]]. Earth is the only planet known to have [[life]] on it. {{Infobox planet <!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This infobox has been formatted in the same way as those for other Solar System planets and bodies, so please do not change it without discussion on the talkpage. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->|background=#f8f9fa|name=Earth|adjectives=Earthly, terrestrial, terran, tellurian|symbol=[[File:Earth symbol (small, bold).svg|24px|alt=🜨|Astronomical symbol of Earth]]|image=The Blue Marble (remastered).jpg|image_alt="[[The Blue Marble]]" photograph of Earth taken by the ''[[Apollo 17]]'' mission. The Arabian peninsula, Africa and Madagascar lie in the upper half of the disc, whereas Antarctica is at the bottom.|caption=''[[The Blue Marble]]'', the first full-view photograph of the planet <br/> taken by [[Apollo 17]] [[astronaut]]s in 1972|alt_names=<!--{{Unbulleted list|style=padding-top:0.1em;|li_style=line-height:1.3em; |{{hlist|the Earth|the World}} |{{hlist|Blue Planet|[[The Blue Marble|Blue Marble]]|''[[Terra]]''|[[Gaia (mythology)|Gaia]]}} }}-->|epoch=[[J2000.0|J2000]]<ref name="epoch">All astronomical quantities vary, both in time (secularly) and frequency (periodically). The quantities given are the values at the instant [[J2000.0]] of the secular variation, ignoring all periodic variations.</ref>|aphelion={{convert|152100000|km|mi AU|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x|<ref name="apsis">aphelion = ''a'' × (1 + ''e''); perihelion = ''a'' × (1&nbsp;– ''e''), where ''a'' is the semi-major axis and ''e'' is the eccentricity. The difference between Earth's perihelion and aphelion is 5 million kilometers.</ref><br /><small>(|)</small>}}|perihelion={{convert|147095000|km|mi AU|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x|<ref name="apsis" /><br /><small>(|)</small>}}|semimajor={{convert|149598023|km|mi AU|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x|<ref name="VSOP87">{{cite journal |title=Numerical expressions for precession formulae and mean elements for the Moon and planets |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume=282 |issue=2 |pages=663–83 |date=February 1994 |last1=Simon |first1=J.L. |last2=Bretagnon |first2=P. |last3=Chapront |first3=J. |last4=Chapront-Touzé |first4=M. |last5=Francou |first5=G. |last6=Laskar |first6=J. |bibcode=1994A&A...282..663S}}</ref><br /><small>(|)</small>}}|eccentricity={{val|0.0167086}}<ref name="VSOP87" />|period={{convert|365.256363004|d|years|comma=gaps|abbr=on|lk=out|disp=x|<ref name="IERS"/><br /><small>(|)</small>}}|avg_speed={{convert|29.78|km/s|km/h mph|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x|<ref name="earth_fact_sheet">{{cite web |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html |title=Earth Fact Sheet |publisher=NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center |first=David R. |last=Williams |date=16 March 2017 |accessdate=26 July 2018}}</ref><br /><small>(|)</small>}}|mean_anomaly={{val|358.617|u=°}}|inclination={{Unbulleted list|class=nowrap |{{val|7.155|u=°}} to the [[Sun]]'s [[equator]]; |{{val|1.57869|u=°}}<ref name="Allen294">{{cite book| last1 = Allen| first1 = Clabon Walter| last2 = Cox| first2 = Arthur N.| title = Allen's Astrophysical Quantities| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=w8PK2XFLLH8C&pg=PA294| accessdate = 13 March 2011| date = 2000| publisher = Springer| isbn = 978-0-387-98746-0| page = 294 }}</ref> to [[invariable plane]]; |{{val|0.00005|u=°}} to J2000 [[ecliptic]]}}|asc_node={{val|-11.26064|u=°}}<ref name="earth_fact_sheet" /> to J2000 ecliptic|arg_peri={{val|114.20783|u=°}}<ref name="earth_fact_sheet" />|satellites={{unbulleted list | 1 natural satellite: the [[Moon]] | 5 [[quasi-satellite]]s | >1 800 operational [[artificial satellite]]s<ref name="ucs">{{cite web |url=https://www.ucsusa.org/nuclear-weapons/space-weapons/satellite-database |title=UCS Satellite Database |work=Nuclear Weapons & Global Security |publisher=Union of Concerned Scientists |date=10 August 2018 |accessdate=27 September 2018}}</ref> | >16 000 [[space debris]]<ref name="space_debris">As of 6 January 2018, the United States Strategic Command tracked a total of 18,835 artificial objects, mostly debris. See: {{cite journal |url=https://orbitaldebris.jsc.nasa.gov/quarterly-news/pdfs/odqnv22i1.pdf |title=Satellite Box Score |journal=Orbital Debris Quarterly News |editor1-first=Phillip |editor1-last=Anz-Meador |editor2-first=Debi |editor2-last=Shoots |volume=22 |issue=1 |page=12 |date=February 2018 |accessdate=18 April 2018}}</ref> }}|allsatellites=yes|mean_radius={{convert|6371.0|km|mi|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x| <small>(|)</small>}}<ref name="hbcp2000">{{cite book| last = Lide| first = David R.| title = Handbook of Chemistry and Physics| url = https://archive.org/details/crchandbookofche0000unse_u9i8| edition = 81st| date = 2000| publisher = CRC| isbn = 978-0-8493-0481-1| editor = David R. Lide }}</ref>|equatorial_radius={{convert|6378.1|km|mi|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x| <small>(|)</small>}}<ref name="usno">{{cite web |title=Selected Astronomical Constants, 2011 |work=The Astronomical Almanac |url=http://asa.usno.navy.mil/SecK/2011/Astronomical_Constants_2011.txt |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826043456/http://asa.usno.navy.mil/SecK/2011/Astronomical_Constants_2011.txt |archivedate=26 August 2013 |accessdate=25 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="WGS-84"/>|polar_radius={{convert|6356.8|km|mi|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x| <small>(|)</small>}}<ref name="cazenave_ahrens1995">{{cite book |first1=Anny |last1=Cazenave |editor=Ahrens, Thomas J |date=1995 |title=Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants |issue=1 |publisher=American Geophysical Union |location=Washington, DC |isbn=978-0-87590-851-9 |chapter-url=http://www.agu.org/reference/gephys/5_cazenave.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061016024803/http://www.agu.org/reference/gephys/5_cazenave.pdf |archivedate=16 October 2006 |accessdate=3 August 2008 |chapter=Geoid, Topography and Distribution of Landforms|series=AGU Reference Shelf |volume=1 |doi=10.1029/RF001 |bibcode=1995geph.conf.....A }}</ref>|flattening={{val|0.0033528}}<ref name="IERS2004">{{cite book| author = International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) Working Group| others = Dennis D. McCarthy, Gérard Petit, IERS Convertions Centre| editor-last = McCarthy| editor-first = Dennis D.| editor2-last = Petit| editor2-first = Gérard| title = IERS Conventions (2003| url = http://www.iers.org/SharedDocs/Publikationen/EN/IERS/Publications/tn/TechnNote32/tn32.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=1| format = PDF| accessdate = 29 April 2016| year = 2004| publisher = Verlag des Bundesamts für Kartographie und Geodäsie| location = Frankfurt am Main| isbn = 978-3-89888-884-4| page = 12| chapter = General Definitions and Numerical Standards| chapter-url = http://www.iers.org/SharedDocs/Publikationen/EN/IERS/Publications/tn/TechnNote32/tn32_009.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=1}}</ref><br />1/{{val|298.257222101}} ([[ETRS89]])|circumference={{unbulleted list |class=nowrap | {{convert|40075.017|km|mi|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x| <small>[[equator]]ial (|)</small>}}<ref name="WGS-84">[[World Geodetic System]] (''WGS-84''). [http://earth-info.nga.mil/GandG/wgs84/ Available online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311023739/https://earth-info.nga.mil/GandG/wgs84/ |date=2020-03-11 }} from [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]].</ref> | {{convert|40007.86|km|mi|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x| <small>[[meridional]] (|)</small>}}<ref name="WGS-84-2">{{cite web |first1=Sigurd |last1=Humerfelt |date=26 October 2010 |title=How WGS 84 defines Earth |url=http://home.online.no/~sigurdhu/WGS84_Eng.html |accessdate=29 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110424104419/http://home.online.no/~sigurdhu/WGS84_Eng.html |archivedate=24 April 2011 }}</ref><ref name="circ">Earth's [[circumference]] is almost exactly 40,000&nbsp;km because the metre was calibrated on this measurement—more specifically, 1/10-millionth of the distance between the poles and the equator.</ref> }}|surface_area={{unbulleted list |class=nowrap | {{convert|510072000|km2|sqmi|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x| <small>(|)</small>}}<ref name="Pidwirny 2006_8">{{cite journal|last1=Pidwirny |first1=Michael |date=2 February 2006 |title=Surface area of our planet covered by oceans and continents.(Table 8o-1) |journal=Fundamentals EBook |publisher=University of British Columbia, Okanagan |url=http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8o.html |accessdate=26 November 2007}}</ref><ref name="cia">{{cite web |author=Staff |date=24 July 2008 |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html |title=World |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |accessdate=5 August 2008 |archive-date=5 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100105171656/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="surfacecover">Due to natural fluctuations, ambiguities surrounding [[Ice shelf|ice shelves]], and mapping conventions for [[vertical datum]]s, exact values for land and ocean coverage are not meaningful. Based on data from the [[Vector Map]] and [http://www.landcover.org/ Global Landcover] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326085837/http://www.landcover.org/ |date=2015-03-26 }} datasets, extreme values for coverage of lakes and streams are 0.6% and 1.0% of Earth's surface. The ice shields of [[Antarctica]] and [[Greenland]] are counted as land, even though much of the rock that supports them lies below sea level.</ref> | {{convert|148940000|km2|sqmi|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x| land <small>(|; 29.2%)</small>}} | {{convert|361132000|km2|sqmi|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x| water <small>(|; 70.8%)</small>}} }}|volume=260 billion cubic miles <ref name="devansh">{{cite web| url= https://factshungry.com/mind-blowing-facts-about-earth/| title= Earth's facts| date= 10 May 2021| publisher= factshungry| access-date= 24 May 2021| archive-date= 31 May 2021| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210531054900/https://factshungry.com/mind-blowing-facts-about-earth/| url-status= dead}}</ref>|mass={{val|5.97237|e=24|u=kg}} <small>({{val|1.31668|e=25|u=lb}})</small><ref name="Luzum2011">{{cite journal |last1=Luzum |first1=Brian |last2=Capitaine |first2=Nicole |last3=Fienga |first3=Agnès |last4=Folkner |first4=William |last5=Fukushima |first5=Toshio |last6=Hilton |first6=James |last7=Hohenkerk |first7=Catherine |last8=Krasinsky |first8=George |last9=Petit |first9=Gérard |last10=Pitjeva |first10=Elena |last11=Soffel |first11=Michael |last12=Wallace |first12=Patrick |display-authors=5 |title=The IAU 2009 system of astronomical constants: The report of the IAU working group on numerical standards for Fundamental Astronomy |journal=Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy |volume=110 |issue=4 |date=August 2011 |pages=293–304 |bibcode=2011CeMDA.110..293L |doi=10.1007/s10569-011-9352-4|s2cid=122755461 |issn = 0923-2958 }}</ref> <br /> <small>({{val|3.0|e=-6|ul=solar mass}})</small>|density={{convert|5.514|g/cm3|lb/cuin|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x| <small>(|)</small>}}<ref name="earth_fact_sheet" />|surface_grav={{convert|9.807|m/s2|ft/s2|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x| <small>([[Gravity of Earth|{{val|1|u=''g''}}]]; |)</small>}}<ref name="NIST2008">{{cite book |url=http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP330/sp330.pdf |title=The international system of units (SI) |publisher=United States Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 330 |edition=2008 |page=52 |access-date=2019-06-13 |archive-date=2016-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603215953/http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP330/sp330.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>|moment_of_inertia_factor=0.3307<ref name="Williams1994">{{cite journal |last1=Williams |first1=James G. |title=Contributions to the Earth's obliquity rate, precession, and nutation |journal=The Astronomical Journal |volume=108 |year=1994 |page=711 |issn=0004-6256 |doi=10.1086/117108 |bibcode=1994AJ....108..711W|s2cid=122370108 }}</ref>|escape_velocity={{convert|11.186|km/s|km/h mph|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x|<ref name="earth_fact_sheet" /> <br /> <small>(|)</small>}}|sidereal_day={{longitem|{{val|0.99726968|u=d}}<ref name="Allen296">{{cite book| last1 = Allen| first1 = Clabon Walter| last2 = Cox| first2 = Arthur N.| title = Allen's Astrophysical Quantities| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=w8PK2XFLLH8C&pg=PA296| accessdate = 17 August 2010| date = 2000| publisher = Springer| isbn = 978-0-387-98746-0| page = 296 }}</ref> <br /> <small>(23h&nbsp;56m&nbsp;4.100s)</small>}}|rot_velocity={{convert|1674.4|km/h|km/s km/h mph|order=out|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x|<ref name="Cox2000">{{cite book| last1 = Allen| first1 = Clabon Walter| last2 = Cox| first2 = Arthur N.| title = Allen's Astrophysical Quantities| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=w8PK2XFLLH8C&pg=PA244| accessdate = 17 August 2010| edition = 4th| date = 2000| publisher = AIP Press| location = New York| isbn = 978-0-387-98746-0| page = 244| editor = Arthur N. Cox }}</ref> <br /> <small>(|)</small>}}|axial_tilt={{val|23.4392811|u=°}}<ref name="IERS"/>|albedo={{Unbulleted list|class=nowrap |0.367 [[Geometric albedo|geometric]]<ref name="earth_fact_sheet" /> |0.306 [[Bond albedo|Bond]]<ref name="earth_fact_sheet" />}}|atmosphere=yes|temp_name1=[[Kelvin]]|min_temp_1=184&nbsp;K<ref name="asu_lowest_temp">{{cite web |url=http://wmo.asu.edu/world-lowest-temperature |title=World: Lowest Temperature |work=[[WMO]] Weather and Climate Extremes Archive |publisher=[[Arizona State University]] |accessdate=7 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616025722/http://wmo.asu.edu/world-lowest-temperature |archivedate=16 June 2010 }}</ref>|mean_temp_1=288&nbsp;K<ref name="kinver20091210">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8406839.stm |title=Global average temperature may hit record level in 2010 |last1=Kinver |first1=Mark |date=10 December 2009 |publisher=BBC |accessdate=22 April 2010}}</ref>|max_temp_1=330&nbsp;K<ref name="asu_highest_temp">{{cite web |url=http://wmo.asu.edu/world-highest-temperature |title=World: Highest Temperature |work=[[WMO]] Weather and Climate Extremes Archive |publisher=[[Arizona State University]] |accessdate=7 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130104143844/http://wmo.asu.edu/world-highest-temperature |archivedate=4 January 2013 |df=dmy}}</ref>|temp_name2=Celsius|min_temp_2=−89.2&nbsp;°C|mean_temp_2=14.9&nbsp;°C|max_temp_2=56.9&nbsp;°C|temp_name3=Fahrenheit|min_temp_3=−128.5&nbsp;°F|mean_temp_3=58.7&nbsp;°F|max_temp_3=134.3&nbsp;°F|surface_pressure={{val|101.325|ul=kPa}} (at [[Sea level|MSL]])|atmosphere_composition={{unbulleted list |class=nowrap | 78.08% [[nitrogen]] ({{chem2|N2}}; dry air)<ref name="earth_fact_sheet" /> | 20.95% [[oxygen]] ({{chem2|O2}}) | 0.934% [[argon]] | 0.0408% [[carbon dioxide]]<ref name="NOAA">{{cite web |url=https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/gl_trend.html |title=Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide: Recent Global Trend|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |website=Earth System Research Laboratory |date=26 July 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726210430/https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/gl_trend.html |archivedate=26 July 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> | ~&thinsp;1% [[water vapor]] <small>([[climate]] variable)</small> }}|note=}} The Earth [[Age of the Earth|formed about 4.6 billion years ago]].<ref name="age earth">{{cite journal|url=http://sp.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/190/1/205|title=The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved|year=2001 |accessdate=2009-07-28|journal=Geological Society, London, Special Publications|doi=10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.14 |last1=Dalrymple |first1=G. Brent |volume=190 |issue=1 |pages=205–221 |bibcode=2001GSLSP.190..205D |s2cid=130092094 }}</ref><ref>Dalrymple G. Brent 2004. ''Ancient Earth, ancient skies: the age of Earth and its cosmic surroundings''. Stanford. p26, table 3.1</ref> The large [[mass]] of the Sun keeps the Earth in [[orbit]] through the force of [[gravity]].<ref>See [[Formation and evolution of the Solar System]] for an account</ref> Earth also turns around in space, so that different parts face the Sun at different times. Earth goes around the Sun once (one [[year]]) for every 365{{Frac|4}} times it turns around (one [[day]]). Earth is the only [[planet]] in the Solar System that has a large amount of [[liquid]] [[water]] on its surface.<ref>name="Gomes">{{cite journal|url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v435/n7041/pdf/nature03676.pdf|title=Origin of the cataclysmic Late Heavy Bombardment period of the terrestrial planets|author=R. Gomes H.F.|display-authors=etal|journal=Nature|year=2005|volume=435|pages=466–469|doi=10.1038/nature03676|pmid=15917802|issue=7041|bibcode=2005Natur.435..466G|s2cid=4398337}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author= A. Morbidelli J. |display-authors = etal | title= Source regions and timescales for the delivery of water to the Earth | url= https://archive.org/details/sim_meteoritics-planetary-science_2000-11_35_6/page/1309 | journal= Meteoritics & Planetary Science | volume=35 | pages=1309–1320 | issn= 1086-9379 | year=2000|issue = 6 |doi=10.1111/j.1945-5100.2000.tb01518.x |bibcode = 2000M&PS...35.1309M |s2cid = 129817341 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Rover reveals Mars was once wet enough for life|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4202901/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040210011241/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4202901/|archive-date=February 10, 2004|accessdate=28 July 2009|website=|publisher=[[Microsoft]]}}</ref> About 71% of the surface of Earth is covered by liquid or frozen water.<ref>The source of the water is not known for sure, but we do know water is in some meteorites. "Winchcombe meteorite bolsters Earth water theory" [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-63631563]</ref> Because of this, people sometimes call it the blue planet.{{refn|''Blue Planet'' is a poetic title for the Earth used in [[movie]]s, in [[magazine|cheap paper book]]s, in [[poetry]], and in government reports (such as the [[European Space Agency]]'s [http://www.esa.int/esapub/bulletin/bulletin137/bul137b_drinkwater.pdf Exploring the water cycle of the Blue Planet])}} Because of its water, Earth is home to millions of [[species]] of [[plant]]s and [[animal]]s which need water to survive.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988Sci...241.1441M|title= How many species are there on Earth.|publisher=Harvard University|bibcode= 1988Sci...241.1441M|accessdate=2009-07-28|last1= May|first1= Robert M.|journal= Science|year= 1988|volume= 241|issue= 4872|pages= 1441–1449|doi= 10.1126/science.241.4872.1441|pmid= 17790039|s2cid= 34992724}}</ref><ref name="purves_et_al2001">{{cite book| last = Purves| first = William Kirkwood| title = Life, the science of biology| year = 2001| publisher = Macmillan| isbn = 978-0-7167-3873-2| page = 455 }}</ref> The things that live on Earth have changed its surface greatly. For example, early [[cyanobacteria]] changed the [[Atmosphere of Earth#History of Earth's atmosphere|air]] and gave it [[oxygen]]. The living part of Earth's surface is called the "[[biosphere]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.space.com/searchforlife/life_origins_001205.html|title=Origins of life on Earth|accessdate=2009-07-28|publisher=Space.com|archive-date=2009-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090728104629/http://www.space.com/searchforlife/life_origins_001205.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Orbit and turning== [[File:AxialTiltObliquity.png|thumb|270px|Earth turns at an angle (an "[[axial tilt]]") in relation to its path around the Sun]] Earth is one of the eight [[planet]]s in the Solar System. There are also thousands of small bodies which move around the Sun. The Solar System is moving through the [[Orion Arm]] of the [[Milky Way]] [[galaxy]], and will be for about the next 10,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/ask_astro/answers/030827a.html|title=Earth's location in the Milky Way|accessdate=2009-08-06|publisher=NASA}}</ref><ref>[https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2016/04/01/how-fast-does-earth-move-through-the-universe/#42d2c37e4d5c Forbes: How fast does the Earth move through the universe?]</ref> Earth is about {{convert|150,000,000|km|mi|abbr=off|disp=or}} away from the Sun (this distance is called an "[[astronomical unit]]" or au. It moves on its [[orbit]] at an [[average]] speed of about {{convert|30|km/s|mi/s|abbr=on|lk=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html|title=NASA- an Earth fact sheet|accessdate=2009-08-06|publisher=NASA}}</ref> Earth turns around about 365{{Frac|4}} times in the time it takes for Earth to go all the way around the Sun.<ref name="IERS">{{cite web | author=Staff | date=2007-08-07 | url=http://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc/models/constants.html | title=Useful Constants | publisher=International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service| accessdate=2008-09-23 }}</ref> To make up this extra bit of a day every year, an [[leap day|additional day]] is used every four years. This is called a "[[leap year]]". The [[Moon]] goes around Earth at an [[average]] distance of {{convert|250,000|mi|km|abbr=off|order=flip|disp=or}}. It is [[tidal locking|locked]] to Earth, so that it always has the same half facing Earth; the other half is called the "dark side of the moon". It takes about 27{{Frac|3}} days for the Moon to go all the way around Earth, but because Earth is moving around the Sun at the same time, it takes about 29{{Frac|2}} days for the Moon to go from dark to bright to dark again. This is where the word "[[month]]" came from, even though most months now have 30 or 31 days.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Espenak|first=Fred|title=Eclipses and the Moon's Orbit|url=https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEhelp/moonorbit.html|access-date=2022-08-10|website=|publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref> == History of Earth == {{Other pages|Historical geology|Age of the Earth|Giant impact hypothesis|Great Oxygenation Event|Grand tack hypothesis}} [[Age of the Earth|Earth]] and the other [[planet]]s formed about 4.5 billion years ago.<ref>{{cite journal| last=Dalrymple | first=G. Brent| title=The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved | journal=Special Publications, Geological Society of London| year=2001 | volume=190| issue=1 | pages=205–221| doi=10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.14 |bibcode = 2001GSLSP.190..205D | s2cid=130092094}} </ref> Their origin was different from that of the [[Formation and evolution of the Solar System|Sun]]. The Sun was formed almost entirely of [[hydrogen]], while the planets were formed mostly from higher elements. The smaller "rocky" planets are made almost entirely of higher elements. The Sun must have moved through areas where [[Supernova|supernovae]] had previously exploded.<ref>Sun's motion and in general the motion of stars in the [[Milky Way]] is known from [[Gaia (spacecraft)|Gaia]] data release #2.</ref> All the planets have higher elements which are only made in supernovae.<ref>Burbidge, E.M; Burbidge G.R.; Fowler W.A.; Hoyle F. 1957. Synthesis of the elements in stars. Reviews of Modern Physics. '''29''' (4): 547–650.[https://journals.aps.org/rmp/abstract/10.1103/RevModPhys.29.547]</ref><ref>Clayton D. 2003. ''Handbook of isotopes in the cosmos''. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-82381-4</ref><ref> Kasen D; Metzger B; Barnes J; Quataert E; Ramirez-Ruiz, E. 2017. Origin of the heavy elements in binary neutron-star mergers from a gravitational-wave event. ''Nature''. '''551''' (7678): 80–84.</ref> Only the so-called "[[gas giants]]" have much hydrogen and [[helium]]. The Moon may have been formed after a collision between the early Earth and a smaller planet (sometimes called ''[[Theia]]''). Scientists believe that parts of both planets broke off {{ndash}} becoming (by [[gravity]]) the Moon.<ref>{{cite journal| url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v412/n6848/abs/412708a0.html|title=Origin of the Moon in a giant impact near the end of the Earth's formation|year=2001|accessdate=2009-07-28|publisher=Nature.com|doi=10.1038/35089010|last1=Canup|first1=Robin M.|last2=Asphaug|first2=Erik|journal=Nature|volume=412|issue=6848|pages=708–712|pmid=11507633|bibcode=2001Natur.412..708C|s2cid=4413525}}</ref> Earth's water came from different places. [[Condensation|Condensing]] [[water vapour]], and [[comet]]s and [[asteroid]]s hitting Earth, made the [[ocean]]s. Within a billion years (that is at about 3.6 billion years ago) the first [[life]] [[evolution|evolved]], in the [[Archaean]] [[era]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewnews.html?id=258|title=Earth life appeared on land 1.5 billion years earlier than previously thought|date=29 November 2000|accessdate=2009-07-03|publisher=SpaceRef.com}}{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>Ghosh, Pallab 2017. Earliest evidence of life on Earth 'found'. BBC News Science & Environment. [2]</ref> Some [[bacteria]] developed [[photosynthesis]], which let them make [[food]] from the Sun's [[light]] and [[water]]. This released a lot of [[oxygen]], which was first taken up by [[iron]] in [[solution]]. After a long time, enough oxygen got into the [[atmosphere]] or air, making Earth's surface [[wikt:suitable|suitable]] for [[aerobic]] life (see [[Great Oxygenation Event]]). This oxygen also formed the [[ozone]] [[wikt:layer|layer]] which protects life from [[ultraviolet]] [[radiation]] from the Sun. Complex life on the surface of the land did not exist before the ozone layer.<ref>Sridharan R; Ahmed S.M; Pratim Das, Tirtha; Sreelatha P.; Pradeepkumar P.; Naik, Neha; Supriya, Gogulapati 2010. Direct evidence for water (H2O) in the sunlit lunar ambience from CHACE on MIP of Chandrayaan I". Planetary and Space Science. '''58''' (6): 947–950. Bibcode:2010P&SS...58..947S. doi:10.1016/j.pss.2010.02.013. </ref> Earth's land and [[climate]] has been very different in the past. About 3 to 3.5 billion years ago almost all land was in one place. This is called a [[continent|supercontinent]]. The earliest known supercontinent was called [[Vaalbara]]. Much later, there many times the Earth was covered in [[glaciers|ice sheets]]. (For example, the [[Cryogenian]]).<ref name="snearth">{{cite web|last=|first=|date=August 8, 1999|title=The Snowball Earth|url=http://www.eps.harvard.edu/people/faculty/hoffman/snowball_paper.html|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090910075356/http://www.eps.harvard.edu/people/faculty/hoffman/snowball_paper.html|archivedate=2009-09-10|accessdate=2009-07-28|work=Paul F. Hoffman and Daniel P. Schrag|publisher=Harvard University}}</ref> This is called the [[Snowball Earth]] [[theory]].<ref name=snearth /> == Geology of Earth == [[File:Terrestrial planet size comparisons.jpg|thumb|right|Size of Earth compared with the other [[terrestrial planet|rocky planets]] in the [[Solar System]]: [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]], [[Venus]], and [[Mars]]]] Earth is [[Rock (geology)|rocky]]. It is the largest of the rocky planets moving around the Sun by mass and by size. It is much smaller than the [[gas giant]]s such as [[Jupiter]]. === Chemical make-up === Overall, Earth is made of [[iron]] (32.1[[percent|%]]), [[oxygen]] (30.1[[percent|%]]), [[silicon]] (15.1[[percent|%]]), [[magnesium]] (13.9[[percent|%]]), [[sulfur]] (2.9[[percent|%]]), [[nickel]] (1.8[[percent|%]]), [[calcium]] (1.5[[percent|%]]), and [[aluminium]] (1.4[[percent|%]]). The 1.2[[percent|%]] left over is made of many different kinds of other chemicals. Some rare metals (not just [[gold]] and [[platinum]]) are very valuable. [[Rare earth element|Rare earth]] metals are often used in electronic phones and computers.<ref>Rare Earths explained. Jordy Lee Calderon, Milken Institute Review. [https://www.milkenreview.org/articles/rare-earths-explained]</ref> The structure of Earth changes from the inside to the outside. The [[Planetary core|center of Earth]] ([[Earth's core]]) is mostly iron (88.8%), nickel (5.8%), sulfur (4.5%), and less than 1% other elements.<ref>Morgan J.W. & Anders E. 1980. Chemical composition of Earth, Venus, and Mercury. ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Science'' '''77''' (12): 6973–6977. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC350422/?tool=pmcentrez Chemical composition of Earth, Venus, and Mercury. Full free text</ref> The [[Earth's crust]] is largely [[oxygen]] (47%). Oxygen is normally a gas but it can [[oxide|join]] with other [[chemicals]] to make [[chemical compound|compounds]] like [[water]] and rocks. 99.22[[percent|%]] of rocks have [[oxygen]] in them. The most common rocks with oxygen are [[silica]] (made with [[silicon]]), [[alumina]] (made with [[aluminum|aluminium]]), [[rust]] (made with [[iron]]), [[lime (chemical)|lime]] (made with [[calcium]]), [[magnesia]] (made with [[magnesium]]), [[potash]] (made with [[potassium]]), and [[sodium]] oxide.<ref>Chisholm, Hugh (editor). "Petrology" in the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 11th edition. Cambridge University Press.</ref> Being rich in [[metal]]s such as [[iron]], the Earth is the [[density|densest]] of all the planets.<ref>Planetary Fact Sheet - ratio to Earth values</ref> [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] and [[Venus]] are slightly less dense. === Shape === [[Geoid|Earth's shape]] is a [[spheroid]]: not quite a [[sphere]] because it is slightly [[oblate|squashed]] on the top and bottom. The shape is called an [[oblate spheroid]]. As Earth spins around itself, [[centrifugal force]] forces the [[equator]] out a little and pulls the [[geographical pole|poles]] in a little. The equator, around the middle of Earth's surface, is about {{convert|40,075|km|mi|sp=us|disp=or|sigfig=4}} long.<ref>Measuring the Earth is part of [[geodesy]]</ref> The reason the Earth is roughly a [[sphere]] (and so are all planets and stars) is [[gravity]].<ref>Tipler, Paul A. 1999. ''Physics for scientists and engineers''. 4th ed, New York: W.H. Freeman/Worth Publishers. pp. 336–337. ISBN 9781572594913</ref> Meteorites, on the other hand may be any shape because, in their case, the force of gravity is too weak to change their shape. The highest mountain above [[sea level]]&mdash;the well-known [[Mount Everest]] (which is {{convert|8848|m|abbr=off|disp=or}} [[elevation|above sea level]])&mdash;is ''not'' actually the one that is the farthest away from the center of the Earth. Instead, the sleeping [[volcano]] [[Mount Chimborazo]] in [[Ecuador]] is; it is only {{convert| 6263|m|abbr=off|disp=or}} [[elevation|above sea level]] but it is almost at the [[equator]]. Because of this, Mount Chimborazo is {{convert|6,384|km|abbr=off|disp=or}} from the center of the Earth, while [[Mount Everest]] is closer to it ({{convert|2|km|abbr=off|disp=or}}).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.profsurv.com/archive.php?issue=42&article=589|title=Did Edmund Hillary climb the wrong mountain?|work = Professional Surveyor Magazine | volume=20 |issue=5 |first = Joseph H. |last = Senne| date = May 2000|accessdate = 2008-10-24}}</ref><ref name="lancet365_9462_831">{{cite journal | last=Sharp | first=David | title=Chimborazo and the old kilogram | journal=The Lancet | date=2005-03-05 | volume=365 | issue=9462 | pages=831–832 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71021-7 | pmid=15752514 | s2cid=41080944 }}</ref><ref name="tall_tales">{{cite web | url=http://www.abc.net.au/science/k2/moments/s1086384.htm | title=Tall tales about highest peaks | date=16 April 2004 | publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation | accessdate=2008-12-29}}</ref> Similarly, the lowest point below sea level that we are conscious of is the [[Challenger Deep]] in the [[Mariana Trench]] in the [[Pacific Ocean]]. It is about {{convert|10971|m|abbr=off|disp=or}} [[depth|below sea level]],<ref name="kaiko7000">{{cite web|title=7,000&nbsp;m Class Remotely Operated Vehicle ''KAIKO 7000''|url=http://www.jamstec.go.jp/e/about/equipment/ships/kaiko7000.html|publisher=Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)|accessdate=2008-06-07|archive-date=2020-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410211118/http://www.jamstec.go.jp/e/about/equipment/ships/kaiko7000.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> but, again, there are probably places at the bottom of the [[Arctic Ocean]] that are nearer to the center of the Earth. === Earth’s core === [[File:Earth-crust-cutaway-english.svg|thumb|right|220px|A picture of the inside of the Earth, showing the different levels. In fact, the air and the outside levels are much thinner than shown here]] The [[Kola superdeep borehole|deepest hole ever dug]] is only about {{convert|12.3|km|mi|disp=or|sp=us|sigfig=2}}. We know something about the inside of the Earth, because we learn things from [[earthquake]]s and [[volcanic eruptions]]. We can detect how quickly [[shock wave]]s move through the Earth. The inside of Earth is very different from the outside. Almost all of Earth's liquid water is in the [[ocean|sea]]s or close to the surface. The surface also has a lot of [[oxygen]], which comes from plants. Small and simple kinds of life can live far under the surface, but animals and plants only live on the surface or in the seas. The rocks on the surface of Earth ([[Earth's crust]]) are well known. They are thicker where there is land, between {{convert|30|to|50|km|mi|disp=or|sp=us|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} thick. Under the [[ocean|sea]]s they are sometimes only {{convert|6|km|mi|disp=or|sp=us|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} thick.<ref>{{cite web|author=Toshiro Tanimoto|date=|title=Crustal surface of the Earth|url=http://www.agu.org/reference/gephys/15_tanimoto.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030410215144/http://www.agu.org/reference/gephys/15_tanimoto.pdf|archive-date=April 10, 2003|accessdate=2009-08-02|website=|publisher=American Geophysical Union}}</ref> There are three groups of rocks that make up most of the Earth's crust. Some rock is made when the hot liquid rock comes from inside the earth ([[igneous rock]]s); another type of rock is made when [[sediment]] is laid down, usually under the sea ([[sedimentary rock]]s); and a third kind of rock is made when the other two are changed by very high [[temperature]] or [[pressure]] ([[metamorphic rock]]s). Below the crust is hot and almost-[[liquid]] rock which is always moving around (the [[Earth's mantle]]). Then, there is a thin liquid layer of heated rock (the [[outer core]]). This is very hot: {{convert|7000|°C|°F K|disp=or|sigfig=2}}.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://chianti.geol.ucl.ac.uk/~dario/pubblicazioni/PTRSA2002.pdf |title=The ab initio simulation of the Earth's core |date=2002-04-25 |accessdate=2009-08-02 |publisher=The Royal Society |author=D. Alfé |journal=Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences |volume=360 |issue=1795 |pages=1227–1244 |doi=10.1098/rsta.2002.0992 |pmid=12804276 |bibcode=2002RSPTA.360.1227A |s2cid=21132433 |archive-date=2009-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930142841/http://chianti.geol.ucl.ac.uk/~dario/pubblicazioni/PTRSA2002.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The middle of the inside of the Earth would be liquid as well but all the pressure of the rock above it makes it a solid. This solid middle part (the [[inner core]]) is almost all [[iron]]. It is what makes the Earth [[magnetic field|magnetic]]. === Pieces of the crust form plates === [[File:Plates tect2 en.svg|thumb|right|A [[map|picture]] showing the Earth's largest and most important plates.]] {{main|Plate tectonics}} The [[Earth's crust]] is solid but made of [[plate tectonics|parts]] which move very slowly.<ref name="jour">{{cite journal| last=Tackley | first=Paul J.| title=Mantle convection and plate tectonics: towards an integrated physical and chemical theory| journal=Science | date=2000-06-16| volume=288 | issue=5473 | pages=2002–2007| doi=10.1126/science.288.5473.2002| pmid=10856206 | bibcode=2000Sci...288.2002T}}</ref> The thin skin of hard rock on the outside of the Earth rests on hot liquid material below it in the deeper [[mantle (geology)|mantle]].<ref name="TecPlates">{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=The Crust|url=http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/education/vwlessons/lessons/Earths_layers/Earths_layers4.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213011245/http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/education/vwlessons/lessons/Earths_layers/Earths_layers4.html|archive-date=December 13, 2009|accessdate=2009-07-03|website=|publisher=Oregon State University}}</ref> This liquid material moves because it gets heat from the hot center of the Earth. The slow movement of the plates is a factor in [[earthquake]]s, [[volcano]]es and large groups of mountains on the Earth. There are three ways plates can come together. Two plates can move towards each other ("convergent" plate edges). This can form [[island]]s, [[volcanoes]], and high [[mountain range]]s (such as the [[Andes]] and [[Himalayas]]).<ref name="book1">{{cite book| last1 = Seyfert| first1 = Carl K.| last2 = Seyfert| first2 = Carl| last3 = Seyfert| first3 = Claus| title = The encyclopedia of structural geology and plate tectonics| url = https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofst0000unse| year = 1987| publisher = Springer| isbn = 978-0-442-28125-0 }}</ref> Two plates can move away from each other ("divergent" plate edges). This gives the [[magma|warm liquid rock inside the earth]] a place to come out. This makes [[mid-ocean ridge|special mountain range]]s below the sea or large low lands like [[Africa]]'s [[Great Rift Valley]].<ref name="'platetectonics.com'">{{cite web |title=Plate Tectonics: plate boundaries |url=http://www.platetectonics.com/book/page_5.asp |publisher=platetectonics.com |accessdate=12 June 2010 |archive-date=16 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616062513/http://www.platetectonics.com/book/page_5.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="'usgs.understanding.com'">{{cite web |title=Understanding plate motions |url= http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html|publisher=USGS|accessdate=12 June 2010}}</ref> Plates are able to move beside each other as well ("transform" plate edges, such as the [[San Andreas Fault]]). This makes their edges crush against each other and makes many [[earthquakes|shocks as they move]].<ref name="book2">{{cite book|title=Plate tectonics: an insider's history of the modern theory of the Earth|isbn=0813341329|last=Oreskes|first=Naomi|publisher=Westview Press|year=2003}}</ref> === Surface === The outside of the Earth is not even. There are high places called [[mountain]]s, and high flat places called [[plateau]]s or plateaux. There are low places called [[valley]]s and [[canyon]]s. For the most part, moving [[wind|air]] and [[rain|water from the sky]] and [[tide|sea]]s [[erosion|eats away at rocks in high places and breaks them into small pieces]]. The air and water then move these pieces to lower places. The fundamental cause of the differences in the Earth's surface is [[plate tectonics]]. The shape of the entire planet itself is not an exactly a ball. Because of its spin, Earth has a slight [[bulge]] at the [[Equator]]. All places on Earth are made of, or are on top of, rocks. The outside of the Earth is usually not uncovered rock. Over 70[[percent|%]] of the Earth is covered by [[ocean|sea]]s full of [[salt]]y water.<ref name="Physical-Hydro">{{cite web|url=http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8a.html|title=Chapter 8: Introduction to the Hydrosphere|accessdate=2009-08-06|publisher=Physical Geography}}</ref> This salty water makes up about 97{{Frac|2}}[[percent|%]] of all Earth's water. The drinkable [[fresh water]] is mostly in the form of [[ice]]. There is only a small amount (less than 3%) of fresh water in [[river]]s and under the ground for people to drink.<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=World water resources and their uses|url=http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010720061344/http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/|archive-date=July 20, 2001|accessdate=2009-08-06|website=|publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> Gravity stops the water from going away into [[outer space]]. Also, much of the land on Earth is covered with plants, or with what is left from earlier living things. Places with very little rain are dry wastes called [[desert]]s. Deserts usually have few living things, but life is able to grow very quickly when these wastes have rainfall. Places with large amounts of rain may be [[rain forests]]. Lately, people have changed the [[environment]] of the Earth a great deal. As population has increased, so has farming. Farming is done on what were once natural forests and grassland.<ref>Taiz, Lincoln 2013. Agriculture, plant physiology, and human population growth: past, present, and future. ''Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology'' '''25''': p167–181.</ref><ref>Zulkarnaen, Diny, and Marianito R. Rodrigo 2020. Modelling human carrying capacity as a function of food availability. ''The ANZIAM Journal'' '''62'''.3: p318–333.</ref> === Air === {{Life timeline}} {{main|Atmosphere}} All around the Earth is the of air (the [[atmosphere]]). The mass of the Earth holds the [[gas]]ses in the air down and does not let them go into outer space. The air is mostly made of [[nitrogen]] (about 78[[percent|%]]) and [[oxygen]] (about 21[[percent|%]]) and there are a few other gasses as well.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/9-12/features/912_liftoff_atm.html|title=NASA - Earth's atmosphere|accessdate=2009-08-06|publisher=NASA|archive-date=2020-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427090422/https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/9-12/features/912_liftoff_atm.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Living things need both the air and water. The air, which animals and plants use to live, is only the first level of the air around the Earth (the [[troposphere]]). The day to day changes in this level of air are called [[weather]]; the larger differences between distant places, and from year to year, are called the [[climate]]. [[Rain]] and [[storm]]s come about because this part of the air gets colder as it goes up. [[convection|Cold air becomes thicker and falls, and warm air becomes thinner and goes up]].<ref name="NASA">{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=What causes weather?|url=http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/weather_worldbook.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050501070321/http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/weather_worldbook.html|archive-date=May 1, 2005|accessdate=2009-08-06|website=|publisher=NASA}}</ref> The turning Earth also moves the air as well and air moves north and south because the middle of the Earth generally gets more power from the Sun and is warmer than the north and south points. Air over warm water [[evaporation|evaporates]] but, because cold air is not able to take in as much water, it starts to make [[cloud]]s and [[rain]] as it gets colder. The way water moves around in a circle like this is called the [[water cycle]].<ref name= NASA /> Above this first level, there are four other levels. The air gets colder as it goes up in the first level; in the second level (the [[stratosphere]]), the air gets warmer as it goes up. This level has a special kind of [[oxygen]] called [[ozone]]. The [[ozone]] in this air keeps living things safe from [[ultraviolet radiation|damaging rays from the Sun]]. The power from these rays is what makes this level warmer and warmer. The middle level (the [[mesosphere]]) gets colder and colder with height; the fourth level (the [[thermosphere]]) gets warmer and warmer; and the last level (the [[exosphere]]) is almost outer space and has very little air at all. It reaches about half the way to the Moon. The three outer levels have a lot of [[electricity|electric power]] moving through them; this is called the [[ionosphere]] and is important for [[radio]] and other electric waves in the air. Even though air seems very light, the weight of all of the air above the outside of the Earth ([[air pressure]]) is important. Generally, from [[sea level]] to the top of [[exosphere|the outer level of the air]], a space of air one [[square centimeter|cm²]] across has a mass of about 1.03 [[kilogram|kg]] and a space of air one [[square inch|sq in]] across has a weight of about 14.7 [[Pound (mass)|lb]]. Because of friction in the air, small meteorites generally burn up long before they get to the Earth. The air also keeps the Earth warm, specially the half turned away from the Sun. Some gasses &ndash; especially [[methane]] and [[carbon dioxide]] &ndash; [[greenhouse effect|work like a blanket to keep things warm]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7h.html|title=Fundamentals of physical geography - the greenhouse effect|accessdate=2009-08-06|publisher=Physical Geography}}</ref> [[#History of Earth|In the past]], the Earth has been much warmer and much colder than it is now. Since people have adapted to the heat we have now, we do not want the Earth to be too much warmer or colder. Most of the ways people create [[electricity|electric power]] use burning kinds of [[carbon]] &ndash; especially [[coal]], [[oil]], and [[natural gas]]. Burning these fuels creates more [[carbon dioxide]] which causes more warming. A [[climate change|discussion]] is going on now about what people should do about [[global warming|the Earth's latest warming]], which has gone on for about 150 years. So far, this warming has been acceptable: plants have grown better. The weather has generally been better than [[Little Ice Age|when it was colder]]. == People == {{main|Human}} About eight [[1,000,000,000|billion]] people live on Earth. They live in about 200 different lands called [[countries]]. Some, for example, [[Russia]], are large with many large cities. Others, for example, [[Vatican City]], are small. The seven countries with the most people are [[India]], [[China]], the [[United States]], [[Indonesia]], [[Pakistan]], [[Brazil]] and [[Nigeria]]. About 90% of people live in the [[northern hemisphere]] of the world, which has most of the land. Human beings originally came from [[Africa]]. Now, 70% of all people do not live in Africa but in [[Europe]] and [[Asia]].<ref>Diamond, Jared. 1997. ''[[Guns, Germs, and Steel]]: the fate of human societies''. New York: Norton.</ref> [[File:Population_density.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Population_density.png|alt=|thumb|center|350px|The distribution of human [[world population]] in 2018]] People change the Earth in many ways. They have been able to grow plants for food and clothes for about ten thousand years. When there was enough food, they were able to build towns and cities. Near these places, men and women were able to change rivers, [[irrigation|bring water to farms]], and stop [[flood]]s (rising water) from coming over their land. People found useful animals and [[domestication|bred]] them so they were easier to keep.<ref>Tudge C. 1995. ''The day before yesterday: five million years of human history''. Pimlico.</ref> == Future == There is wide agreement that the long-term future of Earth is tied to the future of the [[Sun]].<ref>''Planet Earth: the incredible story of our unique home''. ed Stuart Clark, ''New Scientist Essential Guide #17''.</ref> As time passes, the Sun will get hotter, and that will eventually make the Earth a planet without life. ==Gallery== {{LifeOnEarth}}{{LocationOfEarth}} ==Related pages== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Formation and evolution of the Solar System]] * [[Age of the Earth]] * [[Geology]] * [[List of planets]] * [[Solar System]] * [[Structure of the Earth]] {{div col end}} ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==Other websites== {{Commons|Earth}} {{wiktionary|Earth|earth}} * {{cite web | url = http://www.solarviews.com/eng/earth.htm | title = Solar Views | publisher = Calvin J. Hamilton }} * {{cite web | url = http://www.earth.nasa.gov/science/questions.html | title = Earth – Science questions | publisher = [[NASA]] | access-date = 2004-10-10 | archive-date = 2005-03-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050310050512/http://www.earth.nasa.gov/science/questions.html | url-status = dead }} * {{cite web | url = https://nightsky.jpl.nasa.gov/docs/HowFast.pdf | title = Earth – Speed through space – about 1 million miles an hour<!---between 0.8 - 1.9 M mph---> | publisher = [[NASA]]}} ("[[w:Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Science/2019 July 20#How fast are we moving through space?|WP discussion]]") * {{cite web | url = https://technological-sci.blogspot.com/2020/04/10-unique-feature-of-earth.html| title = 3 unique feature of earth | publisher = Technological-Sci }} {{Solar System}} {{Regions of the world}} [[Category:Basic English 850 words]] [[Category:Earth| ]] 3amshqmhvqhzzyichpik9qvsydysjmb 0 467 10369131 10266737 2025-07-03T07:49:24Z 180.150.36.182 10369131 wikitext text/x-wiki {{more sources|date=July 2018}} [[File:Euclid.jpg|thumb|[[Ancient Greek]] mathematician Euclid (holding calipers), 3rd century BC, as imagined by Raphael in this detail from the School of Athens (1509–1511)]] '''Mathematics''' is the study of [[number]]s, [[shape]]s, and [[pattern]]s. The word comes from the [[Greek language|Greek]] ''μάθημα'' (máthema), meaning "[[science]], [[knowledge]], or [[learning]]", and is sometimes shortened to '''math or maths'''. It is the study of: * [[Numbers]]: including how things can be [[Counting|counted]]. * [[Structure]]: including how things are [[organization|organized]], but also how they can be or could have been. This subfield is usually called [[algebra]]. * Place: where things are, and spatial arrangement, including arrangements of spaces themselves. This subfield is usually called [[geometry]]. * Change: how things become different. This subfield is usually called [[Mathematical analysis|analysis]]. [[Applied math]] is useful for solving problems in the real world. People working in [[business]], [[science]], [[engineering]], and [[construction]] use mathematics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.siam.org/Students-Education/Programs-Initiatives/Thinking-of-a-Career-in-Applied-Mathematics|title=Thinking of a Career in Applied Mathematics? {{!}} SIAM|website=www.siam.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-07-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wigner|first=Eugene|date=February 1960|title=The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences|url=https://www.dartmouth.edu/~matc/MathDrama/reading/Wigner.html|journal=Communications in Pure and Applied Mathematics|volume=13|issue=1|pages=1–14|doi=10.1002/cpa.3160130102|bibcode=1960CPAM...13....1W|s2cid=6112252 |via=|access-date=2018-08-07|archive-date=2018-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810073503/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~matc/MathDrama/reading/Wigner.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Problem-solving in mathematics == Mathematics solves problems by using [[logic]]. One of the main tools of logic used by mathematicians is [[Deductive reasoning|deduction]]. Deduction is a special way of thinking to discover and prove new truths using old truths. To a mathematician, the reason something is true (called a [[Proof (mathematics)|proof]]) is just as important as the fact that it is true, and this reason is often found using deduction. Using deduction is what makes mathematical thinking different from other kinds of scientific thinking, which might rely on [[experiment]]s or on [[interview]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://undsci.berkeley.edu/article/mathematics|title=The science checklist applied: Mathematics|website=undsci.berkeley.edu|access-date=2018-08-05}}</ref> Logic and reasoning are used by mathematicians to create general [[rule]]s, which are an important part of mathematics. These rules leave out [[information]] that is not important so that a single rule can cover many situations. By finding general rules, mathematics solves many [[problem]]s at the same time as these rules can be used on other problems.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://blogs.ams.org/mathgradblog/2016/08/21/role-generalization-advanced-mathematical-thinking/|title=The Role of Generalization in the Advanced Mathematical Thinking|date=2016-08-21|work=AMS Grad Blog|access-date=2018-08-07|language=en-US}}</ref> These rules can be called [[theorem]]s (if they have been proven) or [[conjecture]]s (if it is not known if they are true yet).<ref>{{Cite book|title=How to Think Like a Mathematician|url=https://archive.org/details/howtothinklikema00hous_005|last=Houston|first=Kevin|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2009|page=[https://archive.org/details/howtothinklikema00hous_005/page/n112 99]|isbn=978-0-521-71978-0}}</ref> Most mathematicians use non-logical and creative reasoning in order to find a logical proof.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Thurston|first=William|date=April 1994|title=On proof and progress in mathematics|journal=Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society|volume=30|issue=2|pages=161–177|doi=10.1090/S0273-0979-1994-00502-6|arxiv=math/9404236|bibcode=1994math......4236T}}</ref> Sometimes, mathematics finds and studies rules or ideas that we don't understand yet. Often in mathematics, ideas and rules are [[choice|chosen]] because they are considered simple or neat. On the other hand, sometimes these ideas and rules are found in the real world after they are studied in mathematics; this has happened many times in the past. In general, studying the rules and ideas of mathematics can help us [[knowledge|understand]] the world better. Some examples of math problems are addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, calculus, fractions and decimals. [[Algebra]] problems are solved by evaluating certain [[variable]]s. A [[calculator]] answers every math problem in the four basic [[arithmetic]] operations. == Areas of study in mathematics == === Number === :Mathematics includes the study of numbers and quantities. It is a branch of science that deals with the logic of shape, quantity, and arrangement. Most of the areas listed below are studied in many different fields of mathematics, including [[set theory]] and [[mathematical logic]]. The study of [[number theory]] usually focuses more on the structure and behavior of the integers rather than on the actual foundations of numbers themselves, and so is not listed in this given subsection. :{| style="border:1px solid #999; text-align:center;" cellspacing="20" | <math>1,2,3,\ldots</math> || <math>\ldots,-1,0,1,\ldots</math> || <math>\frac12,\frac23,0.125,\ldots</math> || <math>\pi,\tau,e,\sqrt2,\ldots</math> || <math>1+i,2e^{i\pi/3},\ldots</math> |- | [[Natural number]]s || [[Integer]]s || [[Rational number]]s || [[Real number]]s || [[Complex number]]s |- || <math>0,1,\ldots,\omega,\omega+1,\ldots,2\omega,\ldots</math> || <math>\aleph_0,\aleph_1,\ldots</math> || <math>+,-,\times,/</math> || <math><,\le,=,\ge,></math> || <math>f(x)=\sqrt x</math> |- || [[Ordinal number]]s || [[Cardinal number]]s || [[Arithmetic|Arithmetic operations]] || [[Arithmetic|Arithmetic relations]] || [[Function (mathematics)|Functions]], see also [[special functions]] |} === Structure === : Structural mathematics studies objects' and constructions' shape and integrity. These are areas of [[algebra]] and [[calculus]]. :{| style="border:3px solid #999; text-align:center;" cellspacing="30" | [[File:Elliptic curve simple.svg|96px]] || [[File:Free module.png|96px]] || [[File:Eigenvectoren.pdf|96px]] ||[[File:Lattice of the divisibility of 60.svg|96px]] || [[File:6n-graf.svg|128px]] |- | [[Number theory]] || [[Abstract algebra]] || [[Linear algebra]] || [[Order theory]] || [[Graph theory]] |} === Shape === :Some areas of mathematics study the shapes of things. Most of these areas are part of the study of [[geometry]]. :{| style="border:1px solid #999; text-align:center;" cellspacing="20" | [[File:Torus.jpg|128px]] || [[File:Pythagorean.svg|128px]] || [[File:Sin.svg|160px]] || [[File:Osculating circle.svg|128px]] || [[File:Koch curve.svg|128px]] |- | [[Topology]] || [[Geometry]] || [[Trigonometry]] || [[Differential geometry]] || [[Fractal geometry]] |} === Change === :Some areas of mathematics study the way things change. Most of these areas are part of the study of [[Mathematical analysis|analysis]]. :{| style="border:1px solid #999; text-align:center;" cellspacing="40" | [[File:Integral as region under curve.svg|128px]] || [[File:Vector field.svg|128px]] || [[File:LimSup.png|128px]] |- | [[Calculus]] || [[Vector calculus]] || [[Mathematical analysis|Analysis]] |- || [[File:Damping 1.svg|128px]] || [[File:Limitcycle.svg|128px]] || [[File:LorenzAttractor.png|128px]] |- || [[Differential equation]]s || [[Dynamical systems theory|Dynamical systems]] || [[Chaos theory]] |} === Applied mathematics === :[[Applied mathematics|Applied math]] uses symbolic logic to solve problems in areas like [[engineering]] and [[physics]]. :[[Numerical analysis]] – [[Optimization (mathematics)|Optimization]] – [[Probability theory]] – [[Statistics]] – [[Finance|Mathematical finance]] – [[Game theory]] – [[Mathematical physics]] – [[Fluid dynamics]] - [[Computational algorithms]] == Famous theorems == These [[theorem]]s and [[conjecture]]s have interested mathematicians and amateurs alike: :[[Pythagorean theorem]] – [[Fermat's last theorem|FLT]] – [[Goldbach's conjecture]] – [[Twin Prime Conjecture]] – [[Gödel's incompleteness theorems]] – [[Poincaré conjecture]] – [[Cantor's diagonal argument]] – [[Four color theorem]] – [[Zorn's lemma]] – [[Euler's Identity]] – [[Church-Turing thesis]] These theorems and [[hypothesis|hypotheses]] have greatly changed mathematics: :[[Central limit theorem]] [[classification theorems of surfaces]] – [[Continuum hypothesis]] – [[Fourier Theorem]] – [[Fundamental theorem of calculus]] – [[Fundamental theorem of algebra]] – [[Fundamental theorem of arithmetic]] – [[Fundamental theorem of projective geometry]] – [[Gauss-Bonnet theorem]] - [[Kantorovich theorem]] – [[P versus NP|P Versus NP]] – [[Pythagorean theorem]] – [[Riemann hypothesis]] These are a few conjectures that have been called "revolutionary": :[[Beal conjecture|Beal Conjecture]] (a generalization of FLT) – [[Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture|Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture]] – [[Collatz conjecture|Collatz Conjecture]] – [[Goldbach's conjecture|Goldbach's Conjecture]] –[[Hodge Conjecture]] – [[Poincaré Conjecture]] == Foundations and methods == :[[Set theory]] – [[Symbolic logic]] – [[Model theory]] – [[Category theory]] – [[Logic]] – [[Table of mathematical symbols]] === History and the world of mathematicians === :[[History of mathematics]] – Timeline of mathematics – [[Mathematician]]s – [[Fields Medal|Fields medal]] – [[Abel Prize]] – [[Millennium Prize Problems|Millennium Prize Problems (Clay Math Prize)]] – International Mathematical Union – Mathematics competitions – [[Lateral thinking]] – Mathematics and gender == Awards in mathematics == There is no [[Nobel Prize]] in mathematics. Mathematicians can receive the [[Abel Prize]] and the [[Fields Medal]] for important works.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/11029161/The-Fields-Medal-is-the-greatest-prize-in-maths.html|title=The Fields Medal is the greatest prize in maths [sic]|last=Ronan|first=Mark|journal=The Daily Telegraph|date=2014-08-13|access-date=2018-08-07|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/alexs-adventures-in-numberland/2018/mar/20/abel-prize-2018-robert-langlands-wins-for-unified-theory-of-maths|title=Abel Prize 2018: Robert Langlands wins for 'unified theory of maths' [sic]|last=Bellos|first=Alex|date=2018-03-20|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-08-07}}</ref> The [[Clay Mathematics Institute]] has said it will give one million dollars to anyone who solves one of the [[Millennium Prize Problems]]. == Mathematical tools == There are many tools used to do math or find answers to math problems. ;Older tools * [[Abacus]] * [[Napier's bones]], [[Slide rule]] * [[Ruler]] and [[Compass (drafting)|Compass]] * [[Mental calculation]] * [[Writing]] ;Newer tools * [[Graphing calculator]]s, [[scientific calculator]]s and more complex [[computer]] visual tools * [[Programming language]]s * [[Computer algebra system]]s (listing) and automated [[Matrix (mathematics)|matrix]] analysis * [[statistics]] [[software]] (for example [[SPSS]]) * [[SAS (programming language)]] * [[R (programming language)]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Related pages== * [[Timeline of women in mathematics]] * [[American Mathematical Society]] * [[Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics]] ** [[EASIAM]] * [[International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics]] * [[International Congress of Mathematicians]] * [[International Mathematical Olympiad]] * [[Mathematics Genealogy Project]] * [[Mathematics Subject Classification]] ==Other websites== {{Wiktionary|mathematics}} {{commonscat|Mathematics}} * [[citizendium:Mathematics|Mathematics]] Citizendium * {{DMOZ|/Science/Math/}} {{Areas of mathematics}} [[Category:Mathematics]] myvq5tw1ikkukxbh1f6ihor8mkf6mw2 0 557 10368207 10153341 2025-07-02T20:22:04Z 2001:569:BC15:6100:7412:A1EA:F9E0:D569 /* Notes */ 10368207 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox continent |title = North America |image = Location North America.svg |area = Around 24.71 million km2 |population = 528,720,588 (2008) |density = {{convert|21.4|/km2|/sqmi|abbr=on}} |GDP_nominal = $20.3 trillion (201moo3) |GDP_PPP = $20.9 trillion (2013) |demonym = [[North American]] |countries = 23 |languages = [[Languages of North America|List of languages]] |time = [[UTC−10]] to [[UTC±0|UTC]] |internet = [[Country code top-level domain#List of ccTLDs|North American TLD]] |cities = [[List of the largest cities in North America|List of urban areas]] }} '''North America''' is a large [[continent]] in the [[Northern hemisphere|Northern]] and [[Western hemisphere|Western Hemisphere]]s of [[Earth]]. It is to the east of the [[Pacific Ocean]], the west of the [[Atlantic Ocean]], the south of the [[Arctic Ocean]], and it is the northern part of [[the Americas]]. The southernmost part is [[Central America]]. It is the third largest continent in the world after Asia and Africa. North America has a population of around 528 million, and is the 4th most populous continent in the world. North America has three subregions which are the [[Caribbean]], [[Central America]], and North America. Depending on how it is used, "North America" can be used to mean as the '''continent''' as a whole to include all 23 countries or as a '''subregion''' to mean [[Canada]], [[Mexico]], and the [[United States]] only.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Central-America | title=Central America &#124; Map, Facts, Countries, & Capitals &#124; Britannica | access-date=2022-06-04 | archive-date=2020-11-18 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201118051650/https://www.britannica.com/place/Central-America | url-status=live }}</ref> Hundreds of millions of years ago, North America was part of a larger ancient [[supercontinent]] named [[Laurasia]]. A few million years ago, a new [[land bridge]] arose and connected North America to [[South America]]. [[Beringia]] connected North America to [[Siberia]] a few times during [[ice age]]s in the past 20,000 years. North America has many warm tropical islands such as the [[Bahamas]]. North America is currently north of South America. ==Countries== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Flag ! Official name(s) ! Area (km2 or sq mi) ! Population ! Density (pop. km2) ! Capital ! Official language(s) |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Antigua and Barbuda}} | align="center" |[[Antigua and Barbuda]] | {{convert|442|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 101,489 | 622 | [[St. John's]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Bahamas}} | align="center" |[[Bahamas]]<br><small>Commonwealth of the Bahamas</small> | {{convert|13880|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 358,508 | 24 | [[Nassau]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Barbados}} | align="center" |[[Barbados]] | {{convert|430|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 303,431 | 755 | [[Bridgetown]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Belize}} | align="center" |[[Belize]] | {{convert|22966|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 419,137 | 16 | [[Belmopan]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Canada}} | align="center" |[[Canada]] | {{convert|8338000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 38,486,736 | 5 | [[Ottawa]] | [[English language|English]]<br>[[French language|French]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Costa Rica}} | align="center" |[[Costa Rica]]<br><small>Republic of Costa Rica</small> | {{convert|51100|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 5,256,612 | 112 | [[San Jose]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Cuba}} | align="center" |[[Cuba]]<br><small>Republic of Cuba</small> | {{convert|110860|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 10,985,974 | 95 | [[Havana]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Dominica}} | align="center" |[[Dominica]]<br><small>Commonwhealth of Dominica</small> | {{convert|751|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 74,656 | 96 | [[Roseau]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Dominican Republic}} | align="center" |[[Dominican Republic]] | {{convert|48670|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 10,790,744 | 188 | [[Santo Domingo]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|El Salvador}} | align="center" |[[El Salvador]]<br><small>Republic of El Salvador</small> | {{convert|21041|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 6,670,304 | 330 | [[San Salvador]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Grenada}} | align="center" |[[Grenada]] | {{convert|344|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 114,700 | 477 | [[St. George's]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Guatemala}} | align="center" |[[Guatemala]]<br><small>Republic of Guatemala</small> | {{convert|108889|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 17,980,803 | 133 | [[Guatemala City]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Haiti}} | align="center" |[[Haiti]]<br><small>Republic of Haiti</small> | {{convert|27750|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 11,270,161 | 77 | [[Port-au-Prince]] | [[French language|French]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Honduras}} | align="center" |[[Honduras]]<br><small>Republic of Honduras</small> | {{convert|112052|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 9,571,352 | 92 | [[Tegucigalpa]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Jamaica}} | align="center" |[[Jamaica]]<br><small>Republic of Jamaica</small> | {{convert|10991|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 2,830,932 | 232 | [[Kingston]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Mexico}} | align="center" |[[Mexico]]<br><small>United Mexican States</small> | {{convert|1964375|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 129,875,729 | 87 | [[Mexico City]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Nicaragua}} | align="center" |[[Nicaragua]]<br><small>Republic of Nicaragua</small> | {{convert|130370|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 6,359,689 | 221 | [[Managua]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Panama}} | align="center" |[[Panama]]<br><small>Republic of Panama</small> | {{convert|75420|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 4,404,108 | 66 | [[Panama City]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Saint Kitts and Nevis}} | align="center" |[[Saint Kitts and Nevis]]<br><small>Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis</small> | {{convert|261|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 54,817 | 313 | [[Basseterre]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Saint Lucia}} | align="center" |[[Saint Lucia]] | {{convert|606|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 167,591 | 586 | [[Castries]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} | align="center" |[[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] | {{convert|388|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 100,814 | 722 | [[Kingstown]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Trinidad and Tobago}} | align="center" |[[Trinidad and Tobago]]<br><small>Republic of Trinidad and Tobago</small> | {{convert|5,127|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 1,534,937 | 295 | [[Port of Spain]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|United States}} | align="center" |[[United States]]<br><small>United States of America</small> | {{convert|8109517|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 338,946,000 | 15 | [[Washington, D.C. ]] | [[English language|English]]<br>[[Spanish language|Spanish]] |} == Related pages== * [[Central America]] * [[South America]] ==References== {{reflist}}{{Continents of the world}} {{Regions of the world}} {{Subject bar|North America|Geography|auto=1}} {{Authority control}} {{Continent}} {{North America}} {{Greatlakes}} {{authority control}} [[Category:North America| ]] [[Category:Laurasia]] {{Geo-stub}}{{US-stub}}{{Canada-stub}} 2l8ktwj2l5na139v41yoem348gccy13 10368209 10368207 2025-07-02T20:22:38Z Igor123121 1293570 Undid revision 10368207 by [[Special:Contributions/2001:569:BC15:6100:7412:A1EA:F9E0:D569|2001:569:BC15:6100:7412:A1EA:F9E0:D569]] ([[User talk:2001:569:BC15:6100:7412:A1EA:F9E0:D569|talk]]) 10368209 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox continent |title = North America |image = Location North America.svg |area = Around 24.71 million km2 |population = 528,720,588 (2008) |density = {{convert|21.4|/km2|/sqmi|abbr=on}} |GDP_nominal = $20.3 trillion (201moo3) |GDP_PPP = $20.9 trillion (2013) |demonym = [[North American]] |countries = 23 |languages = [[Languages of North America|List of languages]] |time = [[UTC−10]] to [[UTC±0|UTC]] |internet = [[Country code top-level domain#List of ccTLDs|North American TLD]] |cities = [[List of the largest cities in North America|List of urban areas]] }} '''North America''' is a large [[continent]] in the [[Northern hemisphere|Northern]] and [[Western hemisphere|Western Hemisphere]]s of [[Earth]]. It is to the east of the [[Pacific Ocean]], the west of the [[Atlantic Ocean]], the south of the [[Arctic Ocean]], and it is the northern part of [[the Americas]]. The southernmost part is [[Central America]]. It is the third largest continent in the world after Asia and Africa. North America has a population of around 528 million, and is the 4th most populous continent in the world. North America has three subregions which are the [[Caribbean]], [[Central America]], and North America. Depending on how it is used, "North America" can be used to mean as the '''continent''' as a whole to include all 23 countries or as a '''subregion''' to mean [[Canada]], [[Mexico]], and the [[United States]] only.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Central-America | title=Central America &#124; Map, Facts, Countries, & Capitals &#124; Britannica | access-date=2022-06-04 | archive-date=2020-11-18 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201118051650/https://www.britannica.com/place/Central-America | url-status=live }}</ref> Hundreds of millions of years ago, North America was part of a larger ancient [[supercontinent]] named [[Laurasia]]. A few million years ago, a new [[land bridge]] arose and connected North America to [[South America]]. [[Beringia]] connected North America to [[Siberia]] a few times during [[ice age]]s in the past 20,000 years. North America has many warm tropical islands such as the [[Bahamas]]. North America is currently north of South America. ==Countries== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Flag ! Official name(s) ! Area (km2 or sq mi) ! Population ! Density (pop. km2) ! Capital ! Official language(s) |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Antigua and Barbuda}} | align="center" |[[Antigua and Barbuda]] | {{convert|442|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 101,489 | 622 | [[St. John's]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Bahamas}} | align="center" |[[Bahamas]]<br><small>Commonwealth of the Bahamas</small> | {{convert|13880|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 358,508 | 24 | [[Nassau]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Barbados}} | align="center" |[[Barbados]] | {{convert|430|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 303,431 | 755 | [[Bridgetown]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Belize}} | align="center" |[[Belize]] | {{convert|22966|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 419,137 | 16 | [[Belmopan]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Canada}} | align="center" |[[Canada]] | {{convert|8338000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 38,486,736 | 5 | [[Ottawa]] | [[English language|English]]<br>[[French language|French]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Costa Rica}} | align="center" |[[Costa Rica]]<br><small>Republic of Costa Rica</small> | {{convert|51100|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 5,256,612 | 112 | [[San Jose]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Cuba}} | align="center" |[[Cuba]]<br><small>Republic of Cuba</small> | {{convert|110860|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 10,985,974 | 95 | [[Havana]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Dominica}} | align="center" |[[Dominica]]<br><small>Commonwhealth of Dominica</small> | {{convert|751|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 74,656 | 96 | [[Roseau]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Dominican Republic}} | align="center" |[[Dominican Republic]] | {{convert|48670|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 10,790,744 | 188 | [[Santo Domingo]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|El Salvador}} | align="center" |[[El Salvador]]<br><small>Republic of El Salvador</small> | {{convert|21041|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 6,670,304 | 330 | [[San Salvador]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Grenada}} | align="center" |[[Grenada]] | {{convert|344|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 114,700 | 477 | [[St. George's]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Guatemala}} | align="center" |[[Guatemala]]<br><small>Republic of Guatemala</small> | {{convert|108889|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 17,980,803 | 133 | [[Guatemala City]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Haiti}} | align="center" |[[Haiti]]<br><small>Republic of Haiti</small> | {{convert|27750|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 11,270,161 | 77 | [[Port-au-Prince]] | [[French language|French]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Honduras}} | align="center" |[[Honduras]]<br><small>Republic of Honduras</small> | {{convert|112052|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 9,571,352 | 92 | [[Tegucigalpa]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Jamaica}} | align="center" |[[Jamaica]]<br><small>Republic of Jamaica</small> | {{convert|10991|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 2,830,932 | 232 | [[Kingston]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Mexico}} | align="center" |[[Mexico]]<br><small>United Mexican States</small> | {{convert|1964375|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 129,875,729 | 87 | [[Mexico City]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Nicaragua}} | align="center" |[[Nicaragua]]<br><small>Republic of Nicaragua</small> | {{convert|130370|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 6,359,689 | 221 | [[Managua]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Panama}} | align="center" |[[Panama]]<br><small>Republic of Panama</small> | {{convert|75420|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 4,404,108 | 66 | [[Panama City]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Saint Kitts and Nevis}} | align="center" |[[Saint Kitts and Nevis]]<br><small>Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis</small> | {{convert|261|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 54,817 | 313 | [[Basseterre]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Saint Lucia}} | align="center" |[[Saint Lucia]] | {{convert|606|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 167,591 | 586 | [[Castries]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} | align="center" |[[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] | {{convert|388|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 100,814 | 722 | [[Kingstown]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Trinidad and Tobago}} | align="center" |[[Trinidad and Tobago]]<br><small>Republic of Trinidad and Tobago</small> | {{convert|5,127|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 1,534,937 | 295 | [[Port of Spain]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|United States}} | align="center" |[[United States]]<br><small>United States of America</small> | {{convert|8109517|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 338,946,000 | 15 | [[Washington, D.C. ]] | [[English language|English]]<br>[[Spanish language|Spanish]] |} == Related pages== * [[Central America]] * [[South America]] ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} {{North America topics}} {{Continents of the world}} {{Countries of North America}} {{Demographics by continent}} {{Regions of the world}} {{Subject bar|North America|Geography|auto=1}} {{Authority control}} {{Continent}} {{North America}} {{Greatlakes}} {{authority control}} [[Category:North America| ]] [[Category:Laurasia]] {{Geo-stub}}{{US-stub}}{{Canada-stub}} 2r1r23pg1eod034bxwj5w60pr2xk2sd 10368211 10368209 2025-07-02T20:23:15Z 2001:569:BC15:6100:7412:A1EA:F9E0:D569 /* References */ 10368211 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox continent |title = North America |image = Location North America.svg |area = Around 24.71 million km2 |population = 528,720,588 (2008) |density = {{convert|21.4|/km2|/sqmi|abbr=on}} |GDP_nominal = $20.3 trillion (201moo3) |GDP_PPP = $20.9 trillion (2013) |demonym = [[North American]] |countries = 23 |languages = [[Languages of North America|List of languages]] |time = [[UTC−10]] to [[UTC±0|UTC]] |internet = [[Country code top-level domain#List of ccTLDs|North American TLD]] |cities = [[List of the largest cities in North America|List of urban areas]] }} '''North America''' is a large [[continent]] in the [[Northern hemisphere|Northern]] and [[Western hemisphere|Western Hemisphere]]s of [[Earth]]. It is to the east of the [[Pacific Ocean]], the west of the [[Atlantic Ocean]], the south of the [[Arctic Ocean]], and it is the northern part of [[the Americas]]. The southernmost part is [[Central America]]. It is the third largest continent in the world after Asia and Africa. North America has a population of around 528 million, and is the 4th most populous continent in the world. North America has three subregions which are the [[Caribbean]], [[Central America]], and North America. Depending on how it is used, "North America" can be used to mean as the '''continent''' as a whole to include all 23 countries or as a '''subregion''' to mean [[Canada]], [[Mexico]], and the [[United States]] only.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Central-America | title=Central America &#124; Map, Facts, Countries, & Capitals &#124; Britannica | access-date=2022-06-04 | archive-date=2020-11-18 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201118051650/https://www.britannica.com/place/Central-America | url-status=live }}</ref> Hundreds of millions of years ago, North America was part of a larger ancient [[supercontinent]] named [[Laurasia]]. A few million years ago, a new [[land bridge]] arose and connected North America to [[South America]]. [[Beringia]] connected North America to [[Siberia]] a few times during [[ice age]]s in the past 20,000 years. North America has many warm tropical islands such as the [[Bahamas]]. North America is currently north of South America. ==Countries== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Flag ! Official name(s) ! Area (km2 or sq mi) ! Population ! Density (pop. km2) ! Capital ! Official language(s) |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Antigua and Barbuda}} | align="center" |[[Antigua and Barbuda]] | {{convert|442|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 101,489 | 622 | [[St. John's]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Bahamas}} | align="center" |[[Bahamas]]<br><small>Commonwealth of the Bahamas</small> | {{convert|13880|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 358,508 | 24 | [[Nassau]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Barbados}} | align="center" |[[Barbados]] | {{convert|430|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 303,431 | 755 | [[Bridgetown]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Belize}} | align="center" |[[Belize]] | {{convert|22966|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 419,137 | 16 | [[Belmopan]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Canada}} | align="center" |[[Canada]] | {{convert|8338000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 38,486,736 | 5 | [[Ottawa]] | [[English language|English]]<br>[[French language|French]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Costa Rica}} | align="center" |[[Costa Rica]]<br><small>Republic of Costa Rica</small> | {{convert|51100|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 5,256,612 | 112 | [[San Jose]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Cuba}} | align="center" |[[Cuba]]<br><small>Republic of Cuba</small> | {{convert|110860|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 10,985,974 | 95 | [[Havana]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Dominica}} | align="center" |[[Dominica]]<br><small>Commonwhealth of Dominica</small> | {{convert|751|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 74,656 | 96 | [[Roseau]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Dominican Republic}} | align="center" |[[Dominican Republic]] | {{convert|48670|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 10,790,744 | 188 | [[Santo Domingo]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|El Salvador}} | align="center" |[[El Salvador]]<br><small>Republic of El Salvador</small> | {{convert|21041|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 6,670,304 | 330 | [[San Salvador]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Grenada}} | align="center" |[[Grenada]] | {{convert|344|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 114,700 | 477 | [[St. George's]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Guatemala}} | align="center" |[[Guatemala]]<br><small>Republic of Guatemala</small> | {{convert|108889|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 17,980,803 | 133 | [[Guatemala City]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Haiti}} | align="center" |[[Haiti]]<br><small>Republic of Haiti</small> | {{convert|27750|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 11,270,161 | 77 | [[Port-au-Prince]] | [[French language|French]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Honduras}} | align="center" |[[Honduras]]<br><small>Republic of Honduras</small> | {{convert|112052|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 9,571,352 | 92 | [[Tegucigalpa]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Jamaica}} | align="center" |[[Jamaica]]<br><small>Republic of Jamaica</small> | {{convert|10991|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 2,830,932 | 232 | [[Kingston]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Mexico}} | align="center" |[[Mexico]]<br><small>United Mexican States</small> | {{convert|1964375|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 129,875,729 | 87 | [[Mexico City]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Nicaragua}} | align="center" |[[Nicaragua]]<br><small>Republic of Nicaragua</small> | {{convert|130370|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 6,359,689 | 221 | [[Managua]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Panama}} | align="center" |[[Panama]]<br><small>Republic of Panama</small> | {{convert|75420|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 4,404,108 | 66 | [[Panama City]] | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Saint Kitts and Nevis}} | align="center" |[[Saint Kitts and Nevis]]<br><small>Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis</small> | {{convert|261|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 54,817 | 313 | [[Basseterre]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Saint Lucia}} | align="center" |[[Saint Lucia]] | {{convert|606|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 167,591 | 586 | [[Castries]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} | align="center" |[[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] | {{convert|388|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 100,814 | 722 | [[Kingstown]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|Trinidad and Tobago}} | align="center" |[[Trinidad and Tobago]]<br><small>Republic of Trinidad and Tobago</small> | {{convert|5,127|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 1,534,937 | 295 | [[Port of Spain]] | [[English language|English]] |- | align="center" |{{flagicon|United States}} | align="center" |[[United States]]<br><small>United States of America</small> | {{convert|8109517|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | 338,946,000 | 15 | [[Washington, D.C. ]] | [[English language|English]]<br>[[Spanish language|Spanish]] |} == Related pages== * [[Central America]] * [[South America]] ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} {{North America topics}} {{Continents of the world}} {{Countries of North America}} {{Demographics by continent}} {{Regions of the world}} {{Authority control}} {{Continent}} {{North America}} {{Greatlakes}} {{authority control}} [[Category:North America| ]] [[Category:Laurasia]] 8zma7g176dn6eepcv9inilky7k6amlz 0 905 10369036 10365691 2025-07-03T05:50:54Z Julipero 1604351 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 10369036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{internet}} :''"The Web" redirects here. For other uses, see [[Web (disambiguation)]]''. [[L|The]] '''World Wide Web''' ("'''WWW'''" or "'''The Web'''") is the part of the [[Internet]] that contains [[website]]s and [[webpage]]s. It was invented in 1989 by [[Tim Berners-Lee]] at [[CERN]], [[Geneva City|Geneva]], [[Switzerland]]. Sir Tim Berners-Lee created a new [[markup language]] called [[HTML]]. Each Website is a group of pages linked by [[hypertext]] links that are written in HTML. The software to see the World Wide Web is called a [[web browser]]. To access the World Wide Web, one also needs a connection to the [[Internet]]. Many companies nowadays offer [[Web hosting service|website hosting]] allowing one to make websites that can be displayed on the World Wide Web, including a custom [[Domain name|domain]] (www.stuff.com) site. == History == [[File:First_Web_Server.jpg|thumb|This [[NeXT Computer]] was used by [[Tim Berners-Lee]] as the first web server and also to write the first web browser – WorldWideWeb.]] The World Wide Web was created by [[Tim Berners-Lee]] in [[1989]] while he was working at [[CERN]], a research center in Switzerland. He wanted to help scientists share documents and information easily over the [[Internet]]. He suggested a system using [[hypertext]], which lets people click on links to move between documents.<ref name="Berners-Lee proposal">{{cite web |url=https://www.w3.org/History/1989/proposal.html |title=Information Management: A Proposal |last=Berners-Lee |first=Tim |publisher=W3C |access-date=2021-09-13}}</ref> In [[1990]], Berners-Lee made the first version of the Web. It included: * The first [[web browser]] and editor, called ''[[WorldWideWeb (web browser)|WorldWideWeb]]'', * The first [[web server]], and * The first [[web page]], which explained what the Web was and how to use it.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html |title=The World Wide Web project |publisher=[[CERN]] |access-date=2021-09-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gillies |first=James |last2=Cailliau |first2=Robert |title=How the Web was Born: The Story of the World Wide Web |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-19-286207-5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Markoff |first=John |title=European physicists propose 'hypertext' to link databases |work=The New York Times |date=1991-12-10 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/10/science/european-physicists-propose-hypertext-to-link-databases.html}}</ref> In [[1991]], the Web became available to researchers outside CERN. By [[1993]], it began to grow fast. That year, the [[Mosaic (web browser)|Mosaic]] browser was released. It was the first popular browser with graphics, which made the Web easier to use and helped it spread worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/ShortHistory.html |title=A Short History of the Web |last=Berners-Lee |first=Tim |publisher=W3C |access-date=2021-09-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/the-web/20/367 |title=Mosaic: The First Global Web Browser |publisher=Computer History Museum |access-date=2021-09-13}}</ref> In [[1994]], Berners-Lee started the [[World Wide Web Consortium]] (W3C) at [[MIT]] to create standards that would keep the Web open and accessible for everyone.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.w3.org/Consortium/ |title=W3C – World Wide Web Consortium |publisher=W3C |access-date=2021-09-13}}</ref> Over time, the Web changed: * In the 2000s, websites became more interactive with [[JavaScript]], [[CSS]], and [[Ajax (programming)|AJAX]], leading to what's called [[Web 2.0]]. * [[Social media]], [[online shopping]], [[streaming media|video streaming]], and [[mobile web|mobile sites]] became common. * Recently, the [[Semantic Web]], [[artificial intelligence|AI]], and [[decentralized web]] ideas have started shaping the Web's future.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fensel |first=Dieter |title=Foundations for the Web of Information and Services: A Review of 20 Years of Semantic Web Research |publisher=Springer |year=2011 |isbn=978-3-642-19796-3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://webfoundation.org/2018/03/web-birthday-29/ |title=The web is under threat. Join us and fight for it. |date=2018-03-12 |publisher=World Wide Web Foundation |access-date=2021-09-13}}</ref> == Function == The World Wide Web works by combining several technologies so people can view and interact with content on the Internet. When someone opens a website using a [[web browser]], the browser sends a request to a [[web server]] asking for a [[web page]]. The server then sends the content back to the browser. This content is usually written in [[HTML]] (Hypertext Markup Language), which describes the structure of the page.<ref>{{cite book|title=HTML for the World Wide Web|last=Castro|first=Elizabeth|publisher=Peachpit Press|year=2000|isbn=}}</ref> Web pages can also include: * [[CSS]] ([[Cascading Style Sheets]]), which control the design and layout of the page,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS |title=CSS: Cascading Style Sheets |publisher=MDN Web Docs |access-date=2021-09-14}}</ref> * and [[JavaScript]], which adds interactivity and lets the page respond to user actions.<ref>{{cite book |last=Flanagan |first=David |title=JavaScript: The Definitive Guide |publisher=O'Reilly Media |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-596-10199-2}}</ref> Web pages are connected to each other using [[hyperlink]]s. Clicking on a link tells the browser to open a new page. Most websites use a [[client–server model]]: * The browser (the "client") sends requests to the server. * The server sends back the data needed for the page.<ref>{{cite book|title=Client–Server Web Apps with JavaScript and Java|last=Hobbes|first=Thomas|publisher=O'Reilly Media|year=2015|isbn=}}</ref> These messages are usually sent using the [[Hypertext Transfer Protocol]] ([[HTTP]]) or its secure version, [[HTTPS]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Krill |first=Paul |title=HTTP: The Definitive Guide |publisher=O'Reilly Media |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-56592-509-0}}</ref> Some websites also get extra content from other servers, like ads, videos, or social media tools. Many modern websites use [[dynamic web page|dynamic content]], which lets them update part of the page without needing to reload everything.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Introduction |title=Introduction to client-side web APIs |publisher=MDN Web Docs |access-date=2021-09-14}}</ref> == Security and privacy == The Web uses several technologies to protect users and their data. === HTTPS encryption and authentication === Most websites use '''HTTPS''', which adds the TLS [[encryption]] layer on top of HTTP. This keeps data like passwords and personal information safe from eavesdropping and tampering. HTTPS also lets browsers verify a site’s identity using digital certificates, and ensures the content isn’t changed in transit.<ref>{{cite news|date=2016-04-27|title=Hacker Lexicon: What Is HTTPS?|publisher=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/2016/04/hacker-lexicon-what-is-https-encryption/|access-date=2025-06-26}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2025-04-10|title=Privacy on the web {{!}} MDN|url=https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Privacy|access-date=2025-06-27|website=developer.mozilla.org|language=en-US}}</ref> Modern browsers block certain sensitive features unless the page is delivered via HTTPS. They also enforce security features like HSTS, certificate transparency, and improved cipher suites.<ref name=":0" /> === Tracking and privacy risks === Websites may collect user data such as: * '''IP addresses''', used for basic connection purposes and limited location inference; * '''HTTP cookies''', which help websites remember users or track their activity.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kobusińska|first=Anna|last2=Pawluczuk|first2=Kamil|last3=Brzeziński|first3=Jerzy|date=2018-09-01|title=Big Data fingerprinting information analytics for sustainability|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X17329965|journal=Future Generation Computer Systems|volume=86|pages=1321–1337|doi=10.1016/j.future.2017.12.061|issn=0167-739X}}</ref> Third-party cookies in particular can follow users across sites.<ref>{{Citation|last=Loshin|first=David|title=Chapter 4 - Customer Lifetime and Value Analytics|date=2013-01-01|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124105430000044|work=Using Information to Develop a Culture of Customer Centricity|pages=23–31|editor-last=Loshin|editor-first=David|place=Boston|publisher=Morgan Kaufmann|isbn=978-0-12-410543-0|access-date=2025-06-27|last2=Reifer|first2=Abie|editor2-last=Reifer|editor2-first=Abie}}</ref> Browsers and [[privacy]] tools increasingly block third-party cookies and tracking scripts by default.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-02-27|title=Online Trackers Are Now Shifting To New Invasive CNAME Cloaking Technique - The Hack Report|language=en-US|work=The Hack Report|url=https://thehackreport.com/online-trackers-are-now-shifting-to-new-invasive-cname-cloaking-technique/|access-date=2025-06-27}}</ref> === Example: Wikipedia's approach === Wikipedia shows how a large, community-run site balances openness and privacy: * '''Anonymous editing''' is allowed; these edits show the user’s IP address.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-09-30|title=Is Wikipedia Safe? - JoinDeleteMe|url=https://joindeleteme.com/is-site-safe/is-wikipedia-safe/|access-date=2025-06-27|website=joindeleteme.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=How Wikipedia Works/Chapter 11 - Wikibooks, open books for an open world|url=https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/How_Wikipedia_Works/Chapter_11|access-date=2025-06-27|website=en.wikibooks.org|language=en}}</ref> * Basic logs (IP, timestamps) are kept temporarily for site maintenance and then deleted; some logs remain public for accountability.<ref>{{Cite web|title=What user information does Wikipedia retain when a page is viewed?|url=https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/23543/what-user-information-does-wikipedia-retain-when-a-page-is-viewed|access-date=2025-06-27|website=Information Security Stack Exchange|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikimedia Foundation Privacy Policy - Wikimedia Foundation Governance Wiki|url=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Privacy_policy|access-date=2025-06-27|website=foundation.wikimedia.org|language=en}}</ref> * '''HTTPS is used everywhere''', protecting all page views and edits since 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Policy:Privacy policy/Frequently asked questions - Wikimedia Foundation Governance Wiki|url=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Privacy_policy/Frequently_asked_questions|access-date=2025-06-27|website=foundation.wikimedia.org|language=en}}</ref> * The [[Wikimedia Foundation]] implements standard security practices, including encryption, firewalls, and secure data retention.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Couts|first=Andrew|date=2013-06-30|title=Terms & Conditions: Wikipedia is open, but your user data isn’t|url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/web/terms-conditions-wikipedia/|access-date=2025-06-27|website=Digital Trends|language=en-us}}</ref> == Components == The Web consists of several key components that work together to display and interact with content online. === Web browsers === A '''web browser''' (such as Chrome, Firefox, Edge or Safari) requests web pages from servers, renders HTML/CSS/JavaScript, and provides tools like bookmarks, history, cookies, form support, and security features.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tim Berners-Lee: WorldWideWeb, the first Web client|url=https://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/WorldWideWeb.html|access-date=2025-06-27|website=www.w3.org}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Defining World Wide Web (WWW)|url=https://www.americantv.com/defining-world-wide-web-www.php|access-date=2025-06-27|website=www.americantv.com}}</ref> === Web servers === A '''web server''' is a computer (with server software like Apache, Nginx, CERN httpd) that listens for HTTP/HTTPS requests and returns web content—HTML, images, CSS, JavaScript. Servers can also generate pages dynamically using scripting languages.<ref name=":1" /> === Web pages and HTML === * '''Web pages''' are documents written in '''HTML''' (Hypertext Markup Language), which defines elements like headings, paragraphs, images, and links.<ref>{{Cite web|title=HTML Elements|url=https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_elements.asp|access-date=2025-06-27|website=www.w3schools.com|language=en-US}}</ref> === CSS and JavaScript === * '''CSS''' (Cascading Style Sheets) controls page appearance—layout, fonts, colors. * '''JavaScript''' adds interactivity and enables dynamic behavior on the client side.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Components of the World Wide Web|url=https://learnlearn.uk/edexcel-igcse-computer-science/components-of-the-world-wide-web/|access-date=2025-06-27|website=Edexcel iGCSE Computer Science|language=en-GB}}</ref> === URLs, HTTP/HTTPS and hyperlinks === * Each resource has a '''URL''' or '''URI''' that uniquely identifies it. * The browser and server exchange data using '''HTTP''' or '''HTTPS'''. * '''Hyperlinks''' connect pages, allowing users to navigate across the Web. === Web platform and Web Components === * The '''Web platform''' refers to open standards like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and APIs maintained by the W3C and other groups.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-01-28|title=100 Specifications for the Open Web Platform and Counting|url=https://www.w3.org/blog/2011/100-specifications-for-the-ope/|access-date=2025-06-27|website=W3C|language=en}}</ref> * '''Web Components''' let developers create custom HTML elements with their own encapsulated structure, styling (Shadow DOM), and behavior (via JavaScript). They're supported in modern browsers. == Architecture and protocols == The architecture of the Web defines how its parts fit together—from clients and servers to protocols and addressing systems. === Client–server model === The Web uses a '''client–server''' model: a [[web browser]] (client) sends requests to a [[web server]], which then delivers content such as [[HTML]] pages, images, CSS, and JavaScript back to the client. Requests and responses typically travel over an [[Internet]] network, often using separate machines for client and server.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wayback Machine|url=http://java.sun.com/developer/Books/jdbc/ch07.pdf|access-date=2025-06-27|website=java.sun.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=What is web architecture?|url=https://en.ryte.com/wiki/Web_Architecture/|access-date=2025-06-27|website=en.ryte.com}}</ref> === Resource identification (URIs/URLs) === Each resource on the Web—like a page, image, or video—is uniquely identified by a '''URI''' (or URL). These identifiers let browsers locate and request resources.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Architecture of the World Wide Web, Volume One|url=https://www.w3.org/TR/webarch/|access-date=2025-06-27|website=www.w3.org}}</ref> === HTTP and HTTPS === * The [[HTTP]] protocol, developed in 1990, defines how browsers ask for resources (with methods like GET and POST) and how servers respond.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ford|first=Paul|title=Meet the Web's Operating System: HTTP|language=en-US|work=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/2013/04/http/|access-date=2025-06-27|issn=1059-1028}}</ref> * [[HTTPS]] adds TLS (formerly SSL) encryption on top of HTTP. It protects data in transit, verifies server identity, and prevents tampering or eavesdropping.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Understanding the Difference Between HTTP and HTTPS|url=https://www.lifewire.com/what-do-http-and-https-stand-for-3482375|access-date=2025-06-27|website=Lifewire|language=en}}</ref> These protocols run over the **TCP/IP** suite, which ensures reliable data transmission across networks.<ref>{{Cite web|title=What is TCP/IP and How Does it Work? {{!}} TechTarget|url=https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/definition/TCP-IP|access-date=2025-06-27|website=Search Networking|language=en}}</ref> === REST and architectural principles === The Web follows the REST architecture style, which promotes stateless, uniform interactions, linking between resources, and scalable systems. It was defined by Roy Fielding in 2000.<ref name=":2" /> According to W3C's architecture documents, the Web is built around: * '''Identification''' of resources via URIs, * '''Representation''' of the resource's current state (HTML, JSON, [[XML]], etc.), * '''Interaction''' using protocols like HTTP and standards to ensure consistency and growth.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Architectural Principles of the World Wide Web|url=https://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-webarch-20020830/|access-date=2025-06-27|website=www.w3.org}}</ref> == Modern trends == In recent years, the Web has evolved beyond static and interactive content into a more '''intelligent''', '''immersive''', and often '''decentralized''' ecosystem. === Decentralized Web (Web 3.0) === Also called Web 3.0, this movement uses technologies like blockchain, peer-to-peer networking, and smart contracts. It aims to return control over data, identity, and assets (e.g., [[Non-fungible token|NFTs]]) to users. Applications include decentralized finance (DeFi), decentralized apps (dApps), and alternative storage systems.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Top Web 3.0 trends and predictions for 2025 and beyond {{!}} TechTarget|url=https://www.techtarget.com/searchcio/tip/Top-Web-30-trends-and-predictions|access-date=2025-06-27|website=Search CIO|language=en}}</ref> === AI, Semantic Web & Intelligent Agents === AI and [[machine learning]] power personalization, automation, and smart services. The Semantic Web adds meaning to data for better machine understanding and smarter search. Emerging agentic features include autonomous software agents that can act on the user’s behalf.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Web 3.0 Explained: Key Features, Applications, and Future Trends|url=https://ecos.am/en/blog/what-is-the-web-3-0-concept-and-why-it-is-needed/|access-date=2025-06-27|website=Bitcoin mining: mine the BTC cryptocurrency {{!}} ECOS - Crypto investment platform|language=en-GB}}</ref> === Immersive & 3D Web (Web3D) === Web browsers now support 3D graphics directly through WebGL, upcoming WebGPU, AR/VR capabilities, and platforms like Web3D. This enables in-browser 3D models, virtual tours, and interactive experiences.<ref name=":3" /> === Edge computing & IoT === A rise in edge computing means more data is processed on devices like smartphones and sensors. Combined with the [[Internet of things|Internet of Things]] (IoT), it brings real‑world devices online for faster, localized computing.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lal|first=Rebecca|date=2022-12-02|title=Web3 Trends That Will Go Big In 2025 (Updated)|url=https://ideausher.com/blog/web3-trends/|access-date=2025-06-27|website=IdeaUsher|language=en-US}}</ref> === Fragmentation, trust & AI safety === There are rising concerns over [[Deepfake|deepfakes]], AI manipulation, and the splintering of the Web into national or corporate islands. Some propose blockchain-based identity, content authenticity schemes, and decentralisation to restore trust, openness, and resist monopolistic control.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dixon|first=Chris|title=Blockchain Innovation Will Put an AI-Powered Internet Back Into Users’ Hands|language=en-US|work=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/story/blockchain-open-web-user-data/|access-date=2025-06-27|issn=1059-1028}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-11-09|title=« Le Web non marchand est en train de disparaître »|language=fr|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2024/11/09/le-web-non-marchand-est-en-train-de-disparaitre_6384643_3232.html|access-date=2025-06-27}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Related pages== *[[Internet Archive]] *[[Minitel]] == Other websites == * [https://citizendium.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web World Wide Web] -Citizendium {{tech-stub}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Internet]] 9yynlktfwzcx8hq7zrk2k47nxtd12it 0 928 10368251 10305300 2025-07-02T20:52:16Z CommonsDelinker 5295 Replacing File:Laternebap.jpg with [[File:Laterne_auf_dem_Baptisterium_San_Giovanni,_Florenz_2005.jpg]] (by [[commons:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR2|Criterion 2]] · More precise). 10368251 wikitext text/x-wiki {{about|the architectural element|the computing term|Window (computing)|the operating system|Microsoft Windows}} [[File:window.jpg|thumb|A window of a house in [[England]]]] [[File:Mahathir and Pompeo.jpg|thumb|[[Prime Minister of Malaysia|Malaysian Prime Minister]] [[Mahathir Mohamad]] and [[United States Secretary of State|U.S. Secretary of State]] [[Mike Pompeo]] are looking out the window together]] A '''window''' is an opening in a [[wall]] or roof of a [[building]], in a [[car]] etc., to let [[air]] and [[light]] in. It is usually filled with a sheet of [[glass]]. There can be many different shapes and sizes, including [[rectangle|rectangular]], [[square (geometry)|square]], [[circle|circular]], or irregular [[shape]]s. Some windows include [[stained glass|coloured glass]]. Windows are usually [[transparency|transparent]] so that people can see through them. Before glass was used in windows, people in Asia used paper to fill the hole in the wall. The paper would let light in. ==Types of windows== There are different types of windows. They are: ===Cross-window=== A [[cross-window]] is one that has a vertical [[mullion]] and a horizontal [[transom]], that make a cross.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/64585874|title=A dictionary of architecture and landscape architecture|last=Curl, James Stevens, 1937-|date=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|others=Curl, James Stevens, 1937-|isbn=978-0-19-280630-7|edition=2nd|location=Oxford [England]|oclc=64585874}}</ref> ===Fixed window=== A fixed window is one that cannot be opened. It is made to allow [[light]] to enter.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/830669202|title=Kitchen & bath residential construction and systems|last=Germer, Jerry, 1938-|others=National Kitchen and Bath Association (U.S.)|date=29 October 2013 |isbn=978-1-118-71104-0|edition=Second|location=Hoboken, New Jersey|oclc=830669202}}</ref> The windows in [[Church (building)|churches]] are usually fixed. ===Single-hung sash=== A single-hung sash window is a window that has one [[horizontal]] [[Sash window|sash]] at the bottom that can move up and down.<ref name=":0" /> ===Double-hung sash=== A double-hung sash is a window that has two sashes (panels) that can independently move up and down. One is usually the lower; one the upper. ===Casement window=== [[File:Gordijnen_aan_venster.JPG|thumb|right|A casement window]] A [[casement window]] is a window with a sash that has a [[hinge]] that swings in or out like a [[door]]. Casement windows are usually held open using a [[casement stay]]. ===Skylight=== [[File:Velux_GGL-7_Center-Pivot_Roof_Window,_1986_Model.jpg|thumb|right|A skylight]] A [[skylight]] is a window built into a [[roof]]. This type of window allows natural daylight and moonlight to enter. ===Roof lantern=== [[File:Laterne auf dem Baptisterium San Giovanni, Florenz 2005.jpg|thumb|right|The lantern over the dome of the Florence Baptistery]] A [[roof lantern]] is a [[glass]] [[structure]] that has lots of different [[Colour|colours]]. It looks like a small building. It is built on a [[roof]] for day or moon light.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/27684161|title=Construction estimating reference data|last=Sarviel, Ed.|date=1993|publisher=Craftsman Book Co|others=Sloan, Scott, 1946-|isbn=0-934041-84-9|location=Carlsbad, CA|oclc=27684161}}</ref> ===Stained-glass window=== [[File:Nasir-al_molk_-1.jpg|thumb|right|Sunlight shining through stained glass]] A stained-glass window is a window that is made up of pieces of coloured glass. The coloured glass can be [[Transparency|transparent]], [[translucent]] or [[Opacity (optics)|opaque]]. It usually shows people or places. Usually, the glass in these windows is separated by lead rods. Stained-glass windows are very common in churches.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stained glass window|url=https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Stained+glass+window|access-date=2020-09-07|website=TheFreeDictionary.com}}</ref> ==How they are made== Different materials are used when making a window. For the frame of the window [[wood]], [[polyvinyl chloride]], [[Composite material|composite]], [[aluminium]], [[steel]], [[fiberglass]] are used. Many windows have movable [[window covering]]s such as [[blinds]] or [[curtain]]s. They keep out light and add [[Building insulation|insulation]]. They also ensure privacy. Windows allow natural light to enter. Too much can have bad effects such as [[glare]] and too much [[heat]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/4674708|title=Designing for the elderly, windows|last=Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Architecture. Design Evaluation Project.|date=1976|publisher=The Project|oclc=4674708}}</ref> ==References== <references /> {{commons cat|Windows}} [[Category:Basic English 850 words]] [[Category:Windows (architecture)]] qi7r39opx2nuhqleaem75yfru2tquk1 4 1905 10368012 10367443 2025-07-02T17:52:39Z Davey2010 314522 Reporting [[Special:Contributions/185.13.107.187|185.13.107.187]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368012 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ <!--forced no table of contents--> <noinclude> {{Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/header}} <!-- To better help administrators, please use the "{{vandal}}" template if the vandal has an account or the "{{ipvandal}}" template if it is an [[IP|IP address]]. Examples: *"{{vandal|Bad user}}" for a vandal with the account (the user name is "Bad user") *"{{ipvandal|127.0.0.1}}" for a vandal that is an IP address (the address is "127.0.0.1") --> :''Please add new reports at the bottom.''</noinclude> == Current alerts == ===Bot-reported=== <!-- To clear reports made by the bot, go to [[Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/Bot]] and remove the entries on that page. Do not remove this template. --> {{Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/Bot}} === User-reported === *{{IPvandal|185.13.107.187}} &ndash; Joseph kargbo LTA - Frequently edited [[List of Columbia Records artists]] under IPs and accounts, Thanks. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 17:52, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 1kc5r3lh46xivg84q4q9xv2z5b498b0 10368013 10368012 2025-07-02T17:53:37Z Davey2010 314522 /* User-reported */ ce 10368013 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ <!--forced no table of contents--> <noinclude> {{Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/header}} <!-- To better help administrators, please use the "{{vandal}}" template if the vandal has an account or the "{{ipvandal}}" template if it is an [[IP|IP address]]. Examples: *"{{vandal|Bad user}}" for a vandal with the account (the user name is "Bad user") *"{{ipvandal|127.0.0.1}}" for a vandal that is an IP address (the address is "127.0.0.1") --> :''Please add new reports at the bottom.''</noinclude> == Current alerts == ===Bot-reported=== <!-- To clear reports made by the bot, go to [[Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/Bot]] and remove the entries on that page. Do not remove this template. --> {{Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/Bot}} === User-reported === *{{IPvandal|185.13.107.187}} &ndash; Joseph kargbo LTA - Frequently edits/edited [[List of Columbia Records artists]] under IPs and accounts, Thanks. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 17:52, 2 July 2025 (UTC) g96us65czdlzqlokiyqfdkeocrgr9ph 10368184 10368013 2025-07-02T20:06:43Z Ferien 1011873 Clear 10368184 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ <!--forced no table of contents--> <noinclude> {{Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/header}} <!-- To better help administrators, please use the "{{vandal}}" template if the vandal has an account or the "{{ipvandal}}" template if it is an [[IP|IP address]]. Examples: *"{{vandal|Bad user}}" for a vandal with the account (the user name is "Bad user") *"{{ipvandal|127.0.0.1}}" for a vandal that is an IP address (the address is "127.0.0.1") --> :''Please add new reports at the bottom.''</noinclude> == Current alerts == ===Bot-reported=== <!-- To clear reports made by the bot, go to [[Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/Bot]] and remove the entries on that page. Do not remove this template. --> {{Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/Bot}} === User-reported === 21999o92xedoahtz661i7mbj936nhey 10368677 10368184 2025-07-03T01:59:28Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 Reporting [[Special:Contributions/2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4|2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368677 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ <!--forced no table of contents--> <noinclude> {{Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/header}} <!-- To better help administrators, please use the "{{vandal}}" template if the vandal has an account or the "{{ipvandal}}" template if it is an [[IP|IP address]]. Examples: *"{{vandal|Bad user}}" for a vandal with the account (the user name is "Bad user") *"{{ipvandal|127.0.0.1}}" for a vandal that is an IP address (the address is "127.0.0.1") --> :''Please add new reports at the bottom.''</noinclude> == Current alerts == ===Bot-reported=== <!-- To clear reports made by the bot, go to [[Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/Bot]] and remove the entries on that page. Do not remove this template. --> {{Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/Bot}} === User-reported === *{{IPvandal|2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4}} &ndash; LTA - currently blocked 3 months on {{IPvandal| 240F:113:125:1:0:0:0:0/64}}. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 01:59, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ndy57jpg76lm3u624tpxo6uhv6l0vlg 10369502 10368677 2025-07-03T11:58:59Z MathXplore 966595 Clear 10369502 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ <!--forced no table of contents--> <noinclude> {{Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/header}} <!-- To better help administrators, please use the "{{vandal}}" template if the vandal has an account or the "{{ipvandal}}" template if it is an [[IP|IP address]]. Examples: *"{{vandal|Bad user}}" for a vandal with the account (the user name is "Bad user") *"{{ipvandal|127.0.0.1}}" for a vandal that is an IP address (the address is "127.0.0.1") --> :''Please add new reports at the bottom.''</noinclude> == Current alerts == ===Bot-reported=== <!-- To clear reports made by the bot, go to [[Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/Bot]] and remove the entries on that page. Do not remove this template. --> {{Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/Bot}} === User-reported === 21999o92xedoahtz661i7mbj936nhey 4 1913 10367959 10367117 2025-07-02T17:15:42Z Auntof6 22027 /* Idanim */ rem dup comment 10367959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/header}} {{Autoarchive resolved section |age=3 |archive=Wikipedia:Deletion review/Archives/((year)) |overview=[[Wikipedia:Deletion review/Archives|Archive]] |show = yes}} = Current requests = {{/new request}} == Ayaz Syed == * {{DRV|Ayaz Syed}} I am the creator of the article "Ayaz Syed". I understand it was deleted under G11 (advertising), but I have rewritten the page with a completely neutral tone and valid media references. The subject is a public figure with notable work in TV and film, with listings on MovieBuff, IMDb, and coverage in HMag and GoodTimes. I kindly request that the article be restored so I can correct the tone and resubmit under Wikipedia standards. [[Special:Contributions/202.47.46.54|202.47.46.54]] ([[User talk:202.47.46.54|talk]]) 19:30, 24 June 2025 (UTC) :Endorse deletion. Not only that the article was spammy, I'd also say it didn't show notability. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 19:58, 28 June 2025 (UTC) == [[Maritime science fiction]] == The article was reliably sourced and even the leading citation specifically used the term maritime science fiction in it's texts. The article qualified as a stub and a number of users contributed to it. Nobody supported the deletion besides the nominator. The argument "it was deleted from main English Wikipedia" was the article did not cite reliable sources. This entry was a DIFFERENT ENTRY from the one on English Wikipedia. Note: that main English Wikipedia has a list on Maritime science fiction media that was renamed to "List of Underwater science fiction media." But there were sources cited that clearly used ''Maritime science fiction'' and they were academic. They discussed maritime archeology. [[User:Taeyebar|Taeyebar]] ([[User talk:Taeyebar|talk]]) 22:51, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::PS users such as Fixature and J 1982 also contributed to the article and the list on Wikipedia as well as J's contribution on the Simple English Wikipedia. They both supported it as notable topic. Anyone can ask them. There is coverage for it.--[[User:Taeyebar|Taeyebar]] ([[User talk:Taeyebar|talk]]) 22:56, 25 June 2025 (UTC) == Idanim == * {{DRV|Idanim}} :The app is notable based on independent coverage in sources like Hindustan Times, The Statesman, and others. The article is written in Simple English and avoids promotional content. It is similar to apps like Calm & Headspace. I kindly request review and restoration. Thank you!--[[User:Vipul619|Vipul619]] ([[User talk:Vipul619|talk]]) 02:13, 28 June 2025 (UTC) :'''endorse deletion '' ' no claim of notability made '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 02:18, 28 June 2025 (UTC) ::I found this app on various independent websites, and it ranks #1 in India when we search the word "'''meditation'''" on the Google Play Store. Sharing some links where this app was listed. Since Calm & Headspace have their Wikis, an app ranking #1 on meditation in India should also have its own Wiki. Not sure what further claim of notability is required. Can you be specific? ::https://archive.adgully.com/idanim-s-saarthi-campaign-marks-a-new-era-in-mindfulness-143245.html ::https://www.financialexpress.com/business/industry-danim-platform-to-help-workers-de-stress-this-meditation-app-promotes-mental-wellness-among-users-3162183/ ::https://www.hindustantimes.com/brand-stories/idanim-becomes-indias-first-and-only-subscription-free-meditation-app-101713535662256.html ::https://www.womenentrepreneursreview.com/viewpoint/5-women-centric-meditation-apps-redefining-well-being-nwid-4262.html ::https://www.thestatesman.com/lifestyle/top-5-meditation-apps-to-reduce-festive-stress-1503237514.html ::https://myndstories.com/indias-top-6-meditation-and-mindfulness-apps/ ::https://www.bwwellbeingworld.com/article/7-mental-health-apps-to-boost-your-happiness-and-calm-your-mind-474050 ::https://yehaindia.com/best-meditation-apps-indians-are-using-to-tide-over/ ::https://cxotoday.com/story/unplug-and-unwind-the-7-meditation-apps-for-people-seeking-mindfulness/ ::https://meditationmind.org/free-meditation-and-mindfulness-apps/ [[User:Vipul619|Vipul619]] ([[User talk:Vipul619|talk]]) 01:25, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :::In addition to the above, Idanim has been covered in major Indian print publications as well. :::Here's a collection of coverage - https://ibb.co/album/N9x1mp from Dainik Bhaskar, Amar Ujala & Financial Express. These articles aren't printed by a single person's opinion and go through several checks before final print. :::Request you to please consider these references and restore the article. [[User:Vipul619|Vipul619]] ([[User talk:Vipul619|talk]]) 04:44, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::::'''overturn''' deletion [[User:Vipul619|Vipul619]] ([[User talk:Vipul619|talk]]) 06:29, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :'''Endorse deletion:''' I don't see anything showing notability. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 02:22, 28 June 2025 (UTC) == Chromebook challenge == * {{DRV|Chromebook challenge}} The page was deleted at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Chromebook challenge (2nd nomination)]] and the arguments to delete made zero sense. GNG states that an article is most likely notable if the subject has coverage in reliable, independent, significant, and secondary sources. Which it does have. To quote myself [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/Requests/2025/Chromebook_challenge#c-Thegoofhere-20250607123000-Discussion here]: "''It has coverage in reliable sources such as USA TODAY [https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2025/05/20/chromebook-challenge-tiktok-trend/83730941007/], NBC [https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/tiktok-prank-chromebook-challenge-rcna205784], CBS [https://www.cbsnews.com/baltimore/news/maryland-social-media-chromebook-challenge-fire-students/], and Axios [https://www.axios.com/local/denver/2025/05/09/tiktok-chromebook-challenge-fire-colorado-schools]. Articles are in depth and direct.''" There is no proof of the trend only having "local coverage". [[User:TheGoofWasHere|TheGoofWasHere]] ([[User talk:TheGoofWasHere|talk]]) 03:36, 28 June 2025 (UTC) == Saeed Fathi Rowshan == Dear @[[User:Barras|Barras]] You have applied a deletion label to the published article. This message was supposed to be closed on June 25th. No comments had been submitted by anyone until this date. After the mentioned date, it was deleted with one comment. But apart from this, my question is: Why should an article that is translated from a Persian article be deleted? Why was the source of my published article not taken into account? Why did you not edit a series of articles that I saw, and did not delete them, but only expanded them? Milad Salehpour Siavash Aghdaei Articles that were weaker than mine. Search my article on the Persian Wiki and you can see that it is a complete and verified article. I tried to publish a translation of this article. Please reconsider my article Help me in the process of expanding this article[[User:AjamLam|AjamLam]] ([[User talk:AjamLam|talk]]) 19:42, 28 June 2025 (UTC) *{{DRV|Saeed Fathi Rowshan}} The article didn't show notability as per our [[WP:GNG|guideline]]. An uninvolved admin has deleted the article. I'd still say the article as it was here did not show notability. Other admins may review this. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 19:50, 28 June 2025 (UTC) ctd6hw0f5zb3tbdx8s2xpf98eaadma8 10368560 10367959 2025-07-03T00:20:11Z Cloud899 1635969 /* Ashlan chidester */ new section 10368560 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/header}} {{Autoarchive resolved section |age=3 |archive=Wikipedia:Deletion review/Archives/((year)) |overview=[[Wikipedia:Deletion review/Archives|Archive]] |show = yes}} = Current requests = {{/new request}} == Ayaz Syed == * {{DRV|Ayaz Syed}} I am the creator of the article "Ayaz Syed". I understand it was deleted under G11 (advertising), but I have rewritten the page with a completely neutral tone and valid media references. The subject is a public figure with notable work in TV and film, with listings on MovieBuff, IMDb, and coverage in HMag and GoodTimes. I kindly request that the article be restored so I can correct the tone and resubmit under Wikipedia standards. [[Special:Contributions/202.47.46.54|202.47.46.54]] ([[User talk:202.47.46.54|talk]]) 19:30, 24 June 2025 (UTC) :Endorse deletion. Not only that the article was spammy, I'd also say it didn't show notability. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 19:58, 28 June 2025 (UTC) == [[Maritime science fiction]] == The article was reliably sourced and even the leading citation specifically used the term maritime science fiction in it's texts. The article qualified as a stub and a number of users contributed to it. Nobody supported the deletion besides the nominator. The argument "it was deleted from main English Wikipedia" was the article did not cite reliable sources. This entry was a DIFFERENT ENTRY from the one on English Wikipedia. Note: that main English Wikipedia has a list on Maritime science fiction media that was renamed to "List of Underwater science fiction media." But there were sources cited that clearly used ''Maritime science fiction'' and they were academic. They discussed maritime archeology. [[User:Taeyebar|Taeyebar]] ([[User talk:Taeyebar|talk]]) 22:51, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::PS users such as Fixature and J 1982 also contributed to the article and the list on Wikipedia as well as J's contribution on the Simple English Wikipedia. They both supported it as notable topic. Anyone can ask them. There is coverage for it.--[[User:Taeyebar|Taeyebar]] ([[User talk:Taeyebar|talk]]) 22:56, 25 June 2025 (UTC) == Idanim == * {{DRV|Idanim}} :The app is notable based on independent coverage in sources like Hindustan Times, The Statesman, and others. The article is written in Simple English and avoids promotional content. It is similar to apps like Calm & Headspace. I kindly request review and restoration. Thank you!--[[User:Vipul619|Vipul619]] ([[User talk:Vipul619|talk]]) 02:13, 28 June 2025 (UTC) :'''endorse deletion '' ' no claim of notability made '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 02:18, 28 June 2025 (UTC) ::I found this app on various independent websites, and it ranks #1 in India when we search the word "'''meditation'''" on the Google Play Store. Sharing some links where this app was listed. Since Calm & Headspace have their Wikis, an app ranking #1 on meditation in India should also have its own Wiki. Not sure what further claim of notability is required. Can you be specific? ::https://archive.adgully.com/idanim-s-saarthi-campaign-marks-a-new-era-in-mindfulness-143245.html ::https://www.financialexpress.com/business/industry-danim-platform-to-help-workers-de-stress-this-meditation-app-promotes-mental-wellness-among-users-3162183/ ::https://www.hindustantimes.com/brand-stories/idanim-becomes-indias-first-and-only-subscription-free-meditation-app-101713535662256.html ::https://www.womenentrepreneursreview.com/viewpoint/5-women-centric-meditation-apps-redefining-well-being-nwid-4262.html ::https://www.thestatesman.com/lifestyle/top-5-meditation-apps-to-reduce-festive-stress-1503237514.html ::https://myndstories.com/indias-top-6-meditation-and-mindfulness-apps/ ::https://www.bwwellbeingworld.com/article/7-mental-health-apps-to-boost-your-happiness-and-calm-your-mind-474050 ::https://yehaindia.com/best-meditation-apps-indians-are-using-to-tide-over/ ::https://cxotoday.com/story/unplug-and-unwind-the-7-meditation-apps-for-people-seeking-mindfulness/ ::https://meditationmind.org/free-meditation-and-mindfulness-apps/ [[User:Vipul619|Vipul619]] ([[User talk:Vipul619|talk]]) 01:25, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :::In addition to the above, Idanim has been covered in major Indian print publications as well. :::Here's a collection of coverage - https://ibb.co/album/N9x1mp from Dainik Bhaskar, Amar Ujala & Financial Express. These articles aren't printed by a single person's opinion and go through several checks before final print. :::Request you to please consider these references and restore the article. [[User:Vipul619|Vipul619]] ([[User talk:Vipul619|talk]]) 04:44, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::::'''overturn''' deletion [[User:Vipul619|Vipul619]] ([[User talk:Vipul619|talk]]) 06:29, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :'''Endorse deletion:''' I don't see anything showing notability. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 02:22, 28 June 2025 (UTC) == Chromebook challenge == * {{DRV|Chromebook challenge}} The page was deleted at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Chromebook challenge (2nd nomination)]] and the arguments to delete made zero sense. GNG states that an article is most likely notable if the subject has coverage in reliable, independent, significant, and secondary sources. Which it does have. To quote myself [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/Requests/2025/Chromebook_challenge#c-Thegoofhere-20250607123000-Discussion here]: "''It has coverage in reliable sources such as USA TODAY [https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2025/05/20/chromebook-challenge-tiktok-trend/83730941007/], NBC [https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/tiktok-prank-chromebook-challenge-rcna205784], CBS [https://www.cbsnews.com/baltimore/news/maryland-social-media-chromebook-challenge-fire-students/], and Axios [https://www.axios.com/local/denver/2025/05/09/tiktok-chromebook-challenge-fire-colorado-schools]. Articles are in depth and direct.''" There is no proof of the trend only having "local coverage". [[User:TheGoofWasHere|TheGoofWasHere]] ([[User talk:TheGoofWasHere|talk]]) 03:36, 28 June 2025 (UTC) == Saeed Fathi Rowshan == Dear @[[User:Barras|Barras]] You have applied a deletion label to the published article. This message was supposed to be closed on June 25th. No comments had been submitted by anyone until this date. After the mentioned date, it was deleted with one comment. But apart from this, my question is: Why should an article that is translated from a Persian article be deleted? Why was the source of my published article not taken into account? Why did you not edit a series of articles that I saw, and did not delete them, but only expanded them? Milad Salehpour Siavash Aghdaei Articles that were weaker than mine. Search my article on the Persian Wiki and you can see that it is a complete and verified article. I tried to publish a translation of this article. Please reconsider my article Help me in the process of expanding this article[[User:AjamLam|AjamLam]] ([[User talk:AjamLam|talk]]) 19:42, 28 June 2025 (UTC) *{{DRV|Saeed Fathi Rowshan}} The article didn't show notability as per our [[WP:GNG|guideline]]. An uninvolved admin has deleted the article. I'd still say the article as it was here did not show notability. Other admins may review this. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 19:50, 28 June 2025 (UTC) == Ashlan chidester == no deletion request [[User:Cloud899|Cloud899]] ([[User talk:Cloud899|talk]]) 00:20, 3 July 2025 (UTC) izd08d9yzzwvyymo7kote3opcowqseb 10368647 10368560 2025-07-03T01:39:59Z Auntof6 22027 /* Ashlan chidester */ provide link 10368647 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/header}} {{Autoarchive resolved section |age=3 |archive=Wikipedia:Deletion review/Archives/((year)) |overview=[[Wikipedia:Deletion review/Archives|Archive]] |show = yes}} = Current requests = {{/new request}} == Ayaz Syed == * {{DRV|Ayaz Syed}} I am the creator of the article "Ayaz Syed". I understand it was deleted under G11 (advertising), but I have rewritten the page with a completely neutral tone and valid media references. The subject is a public figure with notable work in TV and film, with listings on MovieBuff, IMDb, and coverage in HMag and GoodTimes. I kindly request that the article be restored so I can correct the tone and resubmit under Wikipedia standards. [[Special:Contributions/202.47.46.54|202.47.46.54]] ([[User talk:202.47.46.54|talk]]) 19:30, 24 June 2025 (UTC) :Endorse deletion. Not only that the article was spammy, I'd also say it didn't show notability. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 19:58, 28 June 2025 (UTC) == [[Maritime science fiction]] == The article was reliably sourced and even the leading citation specifically used the term maritime science fiction in it's texts. The article qualified as a stub and a number of users contributed to it. Nobody supported the deletion besides the nominator. The argument "it was deleted from main English Wikipedia" was the article did not cite reliable sources. This entry was a DIFFERENT ENTRY from the one on English Wikipedia. Note: that main English Wikipedia has a list on Maritime science fiction media that was renamed to "List of Underwater science fiction media." But there were sources cited that clearly used ''Maritime science fiction'' and they were academic. They discussed maritime archeology. [[User:Taeyebar|Taeyebar]] ([[User talk:Taeyebar|talk]]) 22:51, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::PS users such as Fixature and J 1982 also contributed to the article and the list on Wikipedia as well as J's contribution on the Simple English Wikipedia. They both supported it as notable topic. Anyone can ask them. There is coverage for it.--[[User:Taeyebar|Taeyebar]] ([[User talk:Taeyebar|talk]]) 22:56, 25 June 2025 (UTC) == Idanim == * {{DRV|Idanim}} :The app is notable based on independent coverage in sources like Hindustan Times, The Statesman, and others. The article is written in Simple English and avoids promotional content. It is similar to apps like Calm & Headspace. I kindly request review and restoration. Thank you!--[[User:Vipul619|Vipul619]] ([[User talk:Vipul619|talk]]) 02:13, 28 June 2025 (UTC) :'''endorse deletion '' ' no claim of notability made '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 02:18, 28 June 2025 (UTC) ::I found this app on various independent websites, and it ranks #1 in India when we search the word "'''meditation'''" on the Google Play Store. Sharing some links where this app was listed. Since Calm & Headspace have their Wikis, an app ranking #1 on meditation in India should also have its own Wiki. Not sure what further claim of notability is required. Can you be specific? ::https://archive.adgully.com/idanim-s-saarthi-campaign-marks-a-new-era-in-mindfulness-143245.html ::https://www.financialexpress.com/business/industry-danim-platform-to-help-workers-de-stress-this-meditation-app-promotes-mental-wellness-among-users-3162183/ ::https://www.hindustantimes.com/brand-stories/idanim-becomes-indias-first-and-only-subscription-free-meditation-app-101713535662256.html ::https://www.womenentrepreneursreview.com/viewpoint/5-women-centric-meditation-apps-redefining-well-being-nwid-4262.html ::https://www.thestatesman.com/lifestyle/top-5-meditation-apps-to-reduce-festive-stress-1503237514.html ::https://myndstories.com/indias-top-6-meditation-and-mindfulness-apps/ ::https://www.bwwellbeingworld.com/article/7-mental-health-apps-to-boost-your-happiness-and-calm-your-mind-474050 ::https://yehaindia.com/best-meditation-apps-indians-are-using-to-tide-over/ ::https://cxotoday.com/story/unplug-and-unwind-the-7-meditation-apps-for-people-seeking-mindfulness/ ::https://meditationmind.org/free-meditation-and-mindfulness-apps/ [[User:Vipul619|Vipul619]] ([[User talk:Vipul619|talk]]) 01:25, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :::In addition to the above, Idanim has been covered in major Indian print publications as well. :::Here's a collection of coverage - https://ibb.co/album/N9x1mp from Dainik Bhaskar, Amar Ujala & Financial Express. These articles aren't printed by a single person's opinion and go through several checks before final print. :::Request you to please consider these references and restore the article. [[User:Vipul619|Vipul619]] ([[User talk:Vipul619|talk]]) 04:44, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::::'''overturn''' deletion [[User:Vipul619|Vipul619]] ([[User talk:Vipul619|talk]]) 06:29, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :'''Endorse deletion:''' I don't see anything showing notability. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 02:22, 28 June 2025 (UTC) == Chromebook challenge == * {{DRV|Chromebook challenge}} The page was deleted at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Chromebook challenge (2nd nomination)]] and the arguments to delete made zero sense. GNG states that an article is most likely notable if the subject has coverage in reliable, independent, significant, and secondary sources. Which it does have. To quote myself [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/Requests/2025/Chromebook_challenge#c-Thegoofhere-20250607123000-Discussion here]: "''It has coverage in reliable sources such as USA TODAY [https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2025/05/20/chromebook-challenge-tiktok-trend/83730941007/], NBC [https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/tiktok-prank-chromebook-challenge-rcna205784], CBS [https://www.cbsnews.com/baltimore/news/maryland-social-media-chromebook-challenge-fire-students/], and Axios [https://www.axios.com/local/denver/2025/05/09/tiktok-chromebook-challenge-fire-colorado-schools]. Articles are in depth and direct.''" There is no proof of the trend only having "local coverage". [[User:TheGoofWasHere|TheGoofWasHere]] ([[User talk:TheGoofWasHere|talk]]) 03:36, 28 June 2025 (UTC) == Saeed Fathi Rowshan == Dear @[[User:Barras|Barras]] You have applied a deletion label to the published article. This message was supposed to be closed on June 25th. No comments had been submitted by anyone until this date. After the mentioned date, it was deleted with one comment. But apart from this, my question is: Why should an article that is translated from a Persian article be deleted? Why was the source of my published article not taken into account? Why did you not edit a series of articles that I saw, and did not delete them, but only expanded them? Milad Salehpour Siavash Aghdaei Articles that were weaker than mine. Search my article on the Persian Wiki and you can see that it is a complete and verified article. I tried to publish a translation of this article. Please reconsider my article Help me in the process of expanding this article[[User:AjamLam|AjamLam]] ([[User talk:AjamLam|talk]]) 19:42, 28 June 2025 (UTC) *{{DRV|Saeed Fathi Rowshan}} The article didn't show notability as per our [[WP:GNG|guideline]]. An uninvolved admin has deleted the article. I'd still say the article as it was here did not show notability. Other admins may review this. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 19:50, 28 June 2025 (UTC) == Ashlan chidester == {{DRV|Ashlan Chidester}} no deletion request [[User:Cloud899|Cloud899]] ([[User talk:Cloud899|talk]]) 00:20, 3 July 2025 (UTC) t76sg4w0ckkbhh7k1l5kng64qsuvbjm 10368651 10368647 2025-07-03T01:44:22Z Auntof6 22027 /* Ashlan chidester */ Reply 10368651 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/header}} {{Autoarchive resolved section |age=3 |archive=Wikipedia:Deletion review/Archives/((year)) |overview=[[Wikipedia:Deletion review/Archives|Archive]] |show = yes}} = Current requests = {{/new request}} == Ayaz Syed == * {{DRV|Ayaz Syed}} I am the creator of the article "Ayaz Syed". I understand it was deleted under G11 (advertising), but I have rewritten the page with a completely neutral tone and valid media references. The subject is a public figure with notable work in TV and film, with listings on MovieBuff, IMDb, and coverage in HMag and GoodTimes. I kindly request that the article be restored so I can correct the tone and resubmit under Wikipedia standards. [[Special:Contributions/202.47.46.54|202.47.46.54]] ([[User talk:202.47.46.54|talk]]) 19:30, 24 June 2025 (UTC) :Endorse deletion. Not only that the article was spammy, I'd also say it didn't show notability. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 19:58, 28 June 2025 (UTC) == [[Maritime science fiction]] == The article was reliably sourced and even the leading citation specifically used the term maritime science fiction in it's texts. The article qualified as a stub and a number of users contributed to it. Nobody supported the deletion besides the nominator. The argument "it was deleted from main English Wikipedia" was the article did not cite reliable sources. This entry was a DIFFERENT ENTRY from the one on English Wikipedia. Note: that main English Wikipedia has a list on Maritime science fiction media that was renamed to "List of Underwater science fiction media." But there were sources cited that clearly used ''Maritime science fiction'' and they were academic. They discussed maritime archeology. [[User:Taeyebar|Taeyebar]] ([[User talk:Taeyebar|talk]]) 22:51, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::PS users such as Fixature and J 1982 also contributed to the article and the list on Wikipedia as well as J's contribution on the Simple English Wikipedia. They both supported it as notable topic. Anyone can ask them. There is coverage for it.--[[User:Taeyebar|Taeyebar]] ([[User talk:Taeyebar|talk]]) 22:56, 25 June 2025 (UTC) == Idanim == * {{DRV|Idanim}} :The app is notable based on independent coverage in sources like Hindustan Times, The Statesman, and others. The article is written in Simple English and avoids promotional content. It is similar to apps like Calm & Headspace. I kindly request review and restoration. Thank you!--[[User:Vipul619|Vipul619]] ([[User talk:Vipul619|talk]]) 02:13, 28 June 2025 (UTC) :'''endorse deletion '' ' no claim of notability made '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 02:18, 28 June 2025 (UTC) ::I found this app on various independent websites, and it ranks #1 in India when we search the word "'''meditation'''" on the Google Play Store. Sharing some links where this app was listed. Since Calm & Headspace have their Wikis, an app ranking #1 on meditation in India should also have its own Wiki. Not sure what further claim of notability is required. Can you be specific? ::https://archive.adgully.com/idanim-s-saarthi-campaign-marks-a-new-era-in-mindfulness-143245.html ::https://www.financialexpress.com/business/industry-danim-platform-to-help-workers-de-stress-this-meditation-app-promotes-mental-wellness-among-users-3162183/ ::https://www.hindustantimes.com/brand-stories/idanim-becomes-indias-first-and-only-subscription-free-meditation-app-101713535662256.html ::https://www.womenentrepreneursreview.com/viewpoint/5-women-centric-meditation-apps-redefining-well-being-nwid-4262.html ::https://www.thestatesman.com/lifestyle/top-5-meditation-apps-to-reduce-festive-stress-1503237514.html ::https://myndstories.com/indias-top-6-meditation-and-mindfulness-apps/ ::https://www.bwwellbeingworld.com/article/7-mental-health-apps-to-boost-your-happiness-and-calm-your-mind-474050 ::https://yehaindia.com/best-meditation-apps-indians-are-using-to-tide-over/ ::https://cxotoday.com/story/unplug-and-unwind-the-7-meditation-apps-for-people-seeking-mindfulness/ ::https://meditationmind.org/free-meditation-and-mindfulness-apps/ [[User:Vipul619|Vipul619]] ([[User talk:Vipul619|talk]]) 01:25, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :::In addition to the above, Idanim has been covered in major Indian print publications as well. :::Here's a collection of coverage - https://ibb.co/album/N9x1mp from Dainik Bhaskar, Amar Ujala & Financial Express. These articles aren't printed by a single person's opinion and go through several checks before final print. :::Request you to please consider these references and restore the article. [[User:Vipul619|Vipul619]] ([[User talk:Vipul619|talk]]) 04:44, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::::'''overturn''' deletion [[User:Vipul619|Vipul619]] ([[User talk:Vipul619|talk]]) 06:29, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :'''Endorse deletion:''' I don't see anything showing notability. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 02:22, 28 June 2025 (UTC) == Chromebook challenge == * {{DRV|Chromebook challenge}} The page was deleted at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Chromebook challenge (2nd nomination)]] and the arguments to delete made zero sense. GNG states that an article is most likely notable if the subject has coverage in reliable, independent, significant, and secondary sources. Which it does have. To quote myself [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/Requests/2025/Chromebook_challenge#c-Thegoofhere-20250607123000-Discussion here]: "''It has coverage in reliable sources such as USA TODAY [https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2025/05/20/chromebook-challenge-tiktok-trend/83730941007/], NBC [https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/tiktok-prank-chromebook-challenge-rcna205784], CBS [https://www.cbsnews.com/baltimore/news/maryland-social-media-chromebook-challenge-fire-students/], and Axios [https://www.axios.com/local/denver/2025/05/09/tiktok-chromebook-challenge-fire-colorado-schools]. Articles are in depth and direct.''" There is no proof of the trend only having "local coverage". [[User:TheGoofWasHere|TheGoofWasHere]] ([[User talk:TheGoofWasHere|talk]]) 03:36, 28 June 2025 (UTC) == Saeed Fathi Rowshan == Dear @[[User:Barras|Barras]] You have applied a deletion label to the published article. This message was supposed to be closed on June 25th. No comments had been submitted by anyone until this date. After the mentioned date, it was deleted with one comment. But apart from this, my question is: Why should an article that is translated from a Persian article be deleted? Why was the source of my published article not taken into account? Why did you not edit a series of articles that I saw, and did not delete them, but only expanded them? Milad Salehpour Siavash Aghdaei Articles that were weaker than mine. Search my article on the Persian Wiki and you can see that it is a complete and verified article. I tried to publish a translation of this article. Please reconsider my article Help me in the process of expanding this article[[User:AjamLam|AjamLam]] ([[User talk:AjamLam|talk]]) 19:42, 28 June 2025 (UTC) *{{DRV|Saeed Fathi Rowshan}} The article didn't show notability as per our [[WP:GNG|guideline]]. An uninvolved admin has deleted the article. I'd still say the article as it was here did not show notability. Other admins may review this. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 19:50, 28 June 2025 (UTC) == Ashlan chidester == {{DRV|Ashlan Chidester}} no deletion request [[User:Cloud899|Cloud899]] ([[User talk:Cloud899|talk]]) 00:20, 3 July 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Cloud899|Cloud899]]: There was a quick deletion request. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 01:44, 3 July 2025 (UTC) 3p0z2ezpfzcqxj7sjzw88hoxawelb3u 0 2964 10369403 10352303 2025-07-03T11:05:24Z 180.150.36.182 10369403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Very long}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Russian Federation | common_name = Russia | linking_name = Russia | native_name = {{native name|ru|Российская Федерация}} | image_flag = Flag of Russia.svg | image_coat = Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation.svg | national_anthem = <br />{{nowrap|{{lang|ru|Государственный гимн Российской Федерации}}}}<br />{{transliteration|ru|Gosudarstvennyy gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii}}<br />"[[State Anthem of the Russian Federation]]"{{parabr}}{{center|[[File:National Anthem of Russia (2000), instrumental, one verse.ogg]]}} | image_map = Russian Federation (orthographic projection) - All Territorial Disputes.svg | map_width = 250px | map_caption = Russia on the globe. Disputed lands are shown in light green.{{Efn|[[Crimea]] was [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|annexed by Russia]] in 2014. However, it is still [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262|internationally seen]] as a part of Ukraine.<ref name="dispute">{{cite web |last=Pifer |first=Steven |url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/03/17/crimea-six-years-after-illegal-annexation/ |title=Crimea: Six years after illegal annexation |publisher=[[Brookings Institute]] |date=17 March 2020 |access-date=30 November 2021 |archive-date=14 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414045104/https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/03/17/crimea-six-years-after-illegal-annexation/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson, and Zaporizhzhia oblasts were also [[Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts|annexed]] (but only partly controlled) in 2022. They are [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/4|internationally seen]] as a part of Ukraine. The southernmost [[Kuril Islands]] are claimed by both Japan and Russia after the Soviet occupation of the islands at the end of World War II.<ref name="chapple-2019">{{cite web |last=Chapple |first=Amos |title=The Kurile Islands: Why Russia And Japan Never Made Peace After World War II |date=4 January 2019 |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/the-disputed-islands-where-world-war-2-never-ended/28402307.html |access-date=26 January 2022 |publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |archive-date=8 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408173647/https://www.rferl.org/a/the-disputed-islands-where-world-war-2-never-ended/28402307.html |url-status=live }}</ref>}} | capital = [[Moscow]] | coordinates = {{Coord|55|45|21|N|37|37|02|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | languages_type = Official<br />{{nobold|and national language}} | languages = [[Russian language|Russian]]<ref name="Russian">{{cite journal |last=Chevalier |first=Joan F. |title=Russian as the National Language: An Overview of Language Planning in the Russian Federation |jstor=43669126 |journal=Russian Language Journal |pages=25–36 |volume=56 |year=2006 |publisher=American Councils for International Education ACTR / ACCELS}}</ref> | languages2_type = {{nobold|Recognised}} {{nowrap|[[national language]]s}} | languages2 = See [[Languages of Russia]] | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | 71.7% [[Russians|Russian]] | 3.2% [[Tatars|Tatar]] | 1.1% [[Chechens|Chechen]] | 1.1% [[Bashkirs|Bashkir]] | 22.9% [[Ethnic groups in Russia|other]] or not reported }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2021, including Russia and Crimea | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref name=EthnicGroups2021>{{cite web|title=Национальный состав населения|url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx|publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]|accessdate=30 December 2022|archive-date=30 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230204643/https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx|url-status=live}}</ref> | demonym = Russian | government_type = [[Semi-presidential|Mixed republic]] under an [[authoritarian]] [[dictatorship]] | leader_title1 = [[President of Russia|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Vladimir Putin]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Russia|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Mikhail Mishustin]] | leader_title3 = [[Chairman of the Federation Council (Russia)|Speaker of the<br />Federation Council]] | leader_name3 = [[Valentina Matviyenko]] | leader_title4 = [[Chairman of the State Duma|Speaker of the<br />State Duma]] | leader_name4 = [[Vyacheslav Volodin]] | leader_title5 = [[Chief Justice of the Russian Federation|Chief Justice]] | leader_name5 = [[Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Lebedev|Vyacheslav Lebedev]] | legislature = [[Federal Assembly (Russia)|Federal Assembly]] | upper_house = [[Federation Council (Russia)|Federation Council]] | lower_house = [[State Duma]] | sovereignty_type = [[History of Russia|Formation]] | established_event1 = {{nowrap|[[Kievan Rus']]}} | established_date1 = 879 | established_event2 = {{nowrap|[[Vladimir-Suzdal]]}} | established_date2 = 1157 | established_event3 = [[Grand Duchy of Moscow|Grand Duchy of<br>Moscow]] | established_date3 = 1263 | established_event4 = [[Tsardom of Russia]] | established_date4 = 16 January 1547 | established_event5 = [[Russian Empire]] | established_date5 = 2 November 1721 | established_event6 = {{nowrap|[[February Revolution|Monarchy abolished]]}} | established_date6 = 15 March 1917 | established_event7 = {{nowrap|[[:en:Treaty on the Creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics|Soviet Union]]}} | established_date7 = 30 December 1922 | established_event8 = {{nowrap|[[:en:Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Declaration of State<br>Sovereignty]]}} | established_date8 = 12 June 1990 | established_event9 = {{nowrap|[[Belovezha Accords|Russian Federation]]}} | established_date9 = 12 December 1991 | established_event10 = [[Constitution of Russia|Current constitution]] | established_date10 = 12 December 1993 | established_event11 = [[Union State|Union State formed]] | established_date11 = 8 December 1999 | area_km2 = 17,098,246 | area_footnote = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publications/pocketbook/files/world-stats-pocketbook-2016.pdf#page=182 |title=World Statistics Pocketbook 2016 edition |publisher=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Statistics Division |access-date=24 April 2018 |archive-date=4 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804041700/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publications/pocketbook/files/world-stats-pocketbook-2016.pdf#page=182 |url-status=live }}</ref> (within internationally recognised borders) {{Convert|17,234,028|km2|abbr=on}} (including disputed territories) | area_rank = 1st | percent_water = 13<ref name=gen>{{cite web |title=The Russian federation: general characteristics |url=http://www.gks.ru/scripts/free/1c.exe?XXXX09F.2.1/010000R |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728064121/http://www.gks.ru/scripts/free/1c.exe?XXXX09F.2.1%2F010000R |archive-date=28 July 2011 |website=Federal State Statistics Service |access-date=5 April 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> (including swamps) | population_estimate = {{plainlist| * {{IncreaseNeutral}} 147,182,123 ([[Russian Census (2021)|2021 Census]])<ref name="census2021">Including 2,482,450 people living on the [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|annexed]] [[Crimea|Crimean Peninsula]] {{cite web |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/vpn_popul |script-title=ru:Том 1. Численность и размещение населения |language=ru |work=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Russian Federal State Statistics Service]] |access-date=3 September 2022 |archive-date=24 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124160257/http://rosstat.gov.ru/vpn_popul |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{nowrap|(including Crimea)<ref name="gks.ru-popul">{{cite web |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/PrPopul2022_Site.xls |format=XLS |script-title=ru:Предварительная оценка численности постоянного населения на 1 января 2022 года и в среднем за 2021 год |trans-title=Preliminary estimated population as of 1 January 2022 and on the average for 2021 |language=ru |work=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Russian Federal State Statistics Service]] |access-date=30 January 2022 |archive-date=24 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324230246/https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/PrPopul2022_Site.xls |url-status=live }}</ref>}} * {{IncreaseNeutral}} 144,699,673 * (excluding Crimea)<ref name="gks.ru-popul"/>}} | population_estimate_year = 2022 | population_estimate_rank = 9th | population_density_km2 = 8.4 | population_density_sq_mi = 21.5 | population_density_rank = 181st | GDP_PPP = {{IncreaseNeutral}} $4.771 trillion<ref name="IMFWEORU">{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/April/weo-report?c=922,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2022&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1|title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2023|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|access-date=2023-05-05|archive-date=2023-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425152149/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/April/weo-report?c=922,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2022&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1|url-status=live}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2022 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{IncreaseNeutral}} $33,263<ref name="IMFWEORU"/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = {{IncreaseNeutral}} $2.240 trillion<ref name="IMFWEORU"/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2022 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{IncreaseNeutral}} $15,480<ref name="IMFWEORU"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/russia/monthly-earnings |title=Russia Monthly Earnings (1992 - 2024) – CEIC Data |language=en|website=ceicdata.com |date=2024-09-30|access-date=2024-12-27}} - Russia Monthly Earnings stood at US$924 in Sep 2024, compared with the previous figure of US$924 in Aug 2024.</ref> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = 36.0 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2020 | Gini_change = decrease <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="WBgini">{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=RU |title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) – Russian Federation |publisher=World Bank |access-date=23 June 2022 |archive-date=13 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513214250/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=RU |url-status=live }}</ref> | HDI = 0.822<!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2021<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2021/2022|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=8 September 2022|access-date=8 September 2022|archive-date=9 October 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 52nd | currency = [[Russian ruble|Ruble]] ([[₽]]) | currency_code = RUB | utc_offset = +2 to +12 | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Russia|+7]] | cctld = {{unbulleted list |[[.ru]]|[[.рф]]}} | religion_year = 2023 | religion_ref = <ref name="Передача иконы «Троица» Русской православной церкви">{{cite web|title=Передача иконы «Троица» Русской православной церкви|url=https://fom.ru/TSennosti/14888|publisher=Фонд Общественное Мнение, ФОМ (Public Opinion Foundation)|language=ru|date=22 June 2023}}</ref><ref name="Передача иконы «Троица» Русской православной церкви–Tables">{{cite web|title=Передача иконы «Троица» Русской православной церкви|url=https://fom.ru/posts/download/14888|publisher=Фонд Общественное Мнение, ФОМ (Public Opinion Foundation)|language=ru|date=22 June 2023}}</ref> | religion = {{ublist|item_style=white-space;|{{Tree list}} * 62% [[Christianity in Russia|Christianity]] ** 61% [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodoxy]] ** 1% other [[List of Christian denominations|Christian]] {{Tree list/end}}| 24% [[Irreligion|no religion]]|5% [[Islam in Russia|Islam]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Regional Division of Muslim population in Russia|work=Research Gate|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348448272|access-date=22 February 2024}}</ref>|2% [[Religion in Russia|other]] (including [[Buddhism in Russia|Buddhism]])|4% unanswered}} }} '''Russia''' ({{Lang-ru|Россия|Rossiya}}, {{IPA-ru|rɐˈsʲijə| }}), or the '''Russian Federation''',{{Efn|{{lang-rus|Российская Федерация|r=Rossiyskaya Federatsiya|p=rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə|links=yes}}}}<ref>"The names Russian Federation and Russia shall be equal". {{cite web |title=The Constitution of the Russian Federation |work=(Article 1) |url=http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-02.htm |accessdate=25 June 2009 |archive-date=1 March 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020301184936/http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-02.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> is a [[country]] spanning [[Eastern Europe]] and [[North Asia]]. It has land from the [[Baltic Sea]] to the [[Bering Strait]]. It is the [[List of countries by area|largest country in the world]], followed by [[Canada]], and the [[United States]] or [[China]]. Russia's [[population]] is about 146.7 million people. It is the most populous country in [[Europe]]. [[Moscow]] is its [[capital city]]. It is also the largest city in [[Europe]] by area. Other big [[List of cities and towns in Russia by population|cities]] include [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Novosibirsk]], [[Yekaterinburg]], [[Nizhny Novgorod]], and [[Kazan]]. Russia's [[official language]] is [[Russian language|Russian]]. Russian is the most spoken language in Europe, though only spoken in Russia which is culturally different from most of Europe. It is also the most widely spoken [[Slavic language]]. Many regions of Russia have their own official languages alongside Russian. Russia has land [[border]]s with 14 (16, if counting [[Quasi-state|unrecognized]]) countries, in both Europe and [[Asia]]. These countries are [[Norway]], [[Finland]], [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]], [[Poland]], [[Belarus]], [[Ukraine]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[China]], [[Mongolia]], and [[North Korea]].{{Efn|Also has [[Maritime border|maritime borders]] with the [[United States]] and [[Japan]].}} It borders Lithuania and Poland through [[Kaliningrad Oblast]]. It also borders the unrecognized countries of [[South Ossetia]] and [[Abkhazia]] to the south. It is next to 16 [[sea]]s, and 3 [[ocean]]s. It is the country with the most land borders in the world. Russia is made up of 89 [[Federal subjects of Russia|federal subjects]]. This includes [[Republic of Crimea|Crimea]], [[Luhansk People's Republic|LPR]], [[Donetsk People's Republic|DPR]], [[Kherson Oblast]] and [[Zaporizhzhia Oblast]] and [[Sevastopol]], which are [[Border dispute|claimed]] by both Russia and Ukraine. There are many different types of federal subjects. There are 48 [[Oblasts of Russia|oblasts]], 24 [[Republics of Russia|republics]], 9 [[Krais of Russia|krais]], 4 [[Autonomous okrugs of Russia|autonomous okrugs]], 3 [[Federal cities of Russia|federal cities]], and 1 [[Jewish Autonomous Oblast|autonomous oblast]] in Russia. The [[economy]] of Russia is one of the largest in the world. It ranks [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|11th in the world]] for highest [[nominal GDP]]. This is mainly because of the large amount of [[Natural resource|natural resources]] found in Russia. However, much of the land is either infertile or covered by [[permafrost]]. The [[Russian ruble|ruble]] is the official [[currency]] of Russia. The [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] is the largest [[religion]] in Russia. Russia has the most [[Worship|followers]] of Eastern Orthodoxy out of any other country. About 75% of Russians are followers of Eastern Orthodoxy.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-07-24|title=ВЦИОМ: Православными себя считают 75% россиян. :: Общество :: РБК|url=https://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/20100330161117.shtml|access-date=2023-05-05|language=Russian|archive-date=2018-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724002708/https://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/20100330161117.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> Russia is a very large and [[wikt:diverse|diverse]] country. From 1922 to 1991, it was the largest [[Republics of the Soviet Union|republic]] of the [[Soviet Union]]. The [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]] (RSFSR) was based on [[communism]]. Today the government of Russia is a [[Semi-presidential|mixed republic]] under an [[authoritarian]] [[dictatorship]]. The [[President of Russia|President]] is chosen by [[direct election]]. Challenging [[candidate]]s do not have [[wikt:access|access]] to the [[mass media]]. They do have full access to [[social media]], [[internet]] [[news]] [[website]]s, and international media. [[Election]] results match [[wikt:domestic|domestic]], [[wikt:international|international]], and [[Exit poll|exit polling]]. The current President of Russia is [[Vladimir Putin]]. The country has turned towards an [[Authoritarianism|authoritarian]] [[dictatorship]] under Putin's rule.<ref name="Krzywdzinski"/><ref>{{cite web | title=Russia: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report | website=Freedom House | date=2019-07-20 | url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/russia/freedom-world/2023 | access-date=2023-04-17 | archive-date=2023-04-18 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418072852/https://freedomhouse.org/country/russia/freedom-world/2023 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="cia"/><ref name="authoritarianness"/> The President rules the country, and the [[Federal Assembly (Russia)|Russian Parliament]] plays a [[wikt:secondary|secondary]] role. Russia ranks low in [[Measurement|measurements]] of [[Human rights in Russia|human rights]] and [[freedom of the press]]. [[Corruption in Russia|Corruption]] is also seen as a big issue.<ref name="VOA">{{cite web |title=New Reports Highlight Russia's Deep-Seated Culture of Corruption |url=https://www.voanews.com/europe/new-reports-highlight-russias-deep-seated-culture-corruption |work=[[Voice of America]] |date=26 January 2020 |access-date=16 March 2020 |archive-date=27 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127020812/https://www.voanews.com/europe/new-reports-highlight-russias-deep-seated-culture-corruption |url-status=live }}</ref> == Etymology == The name ''Russia'' comes from a [[Medieval Latin]] name for the [[Kievan Rus']].<ref>{{cite book|title=Webster's II New College Dictionary.|date=1999|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Co|isbn=978-0395962145|location=Boston|pages=970}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=|last=Kuchkin|first=V. A.|publisher=Institute of General History of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Ladomir|year=2014|editor-last=Melnikova|editor-first=E. A.|location=Moscow|pages=700–701|language=ru|script-title=ru:Древняя Русь в средневековом мире|trans-title=Old Rus' in the medieval world|script-chapter=ru:Русская земля|trans-chapter=Russian land|editor-last2=Petrukhina|editor-first2=V. Ya.}}</ref> ''Rus''' comes from the name of the [[Rus' people]]. They were [[Norsemen|Norse]] [[Merchant|merchants]] who settled in northern Russia.<ref>{{cite book|title=Viking Rus|last=Duczko|first=Wladyslaw|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|year=2004|isbn=978-90-04-13874-2|pages=10–11}}</ref> Another Medieval Latin name for Rus' was [[Ruthenia]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Nazarenko|first=Aleksandr Vasilevich|publisher=Languages of the Rus' culture|year=2001|isbn=978-5-7859-0085-1|pages=40, 42–45, 49–50|language=ru|script-title=ru:Древняя Русь на международных путях: междисциплинарные очерки культурных, торговых, политических связей IX-XII веков|trans-title=Old Rus' on international routes: interdisciplinary essays on cultural, trade, and political ties in the 9th-12th centuries|chapter=1. Имя "Русь" в древнейшей западноевропейской языковой традиции (XI-XII века)|trans-chapter=The name Rus' in the old tradition of Western European language (XI-XII centuries)|author-link=Aleksandr Nazarenko|chapter-url=http://dgve.csu.ru/download/Nazarenko_2001_01.djvu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814143443/http://dgve.csu.ru/download/Nazarenko_2001_01.djvu|archive-date=14 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[wikt:current|current]] [[Russian language|Russian]] name for Russia ({{Lang|rus|Россия|italic=no}} / {{Lang|rus-latn|Rossiya}}) comes from the [[Byzantine Greek]] name for Rus' ({{Lang|grc|Ρωσία|italic=no}} / {{Lang|grc-latn|Rosía}}).<ref>{{cite book|title=The Russians: The People of Europe|url=https://archive.org/details/russians0000miln|last=Milner-Gulland|first=R. R.|publisher=Blackwell Publishing|year=1997|isbn=978-0-631-21849-4|pages=[https://archive.org/details/russians0000miln/page/n22 1]–4}}</ref> == History == {{main|History of Russia}} === Prehistory === {{See also|Proto-Indo-Europeans}} The first humans went to Russia in the [[Oldowan]] period of the [[Lower Paleolithic]]. ''Homo erectus'' [[Migration|migrated]] to the [[Taman Peninsula]] of [[Southern Russia]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Shchelinsky|first1=V.E.|last2=Gurova|first2=M.|last3=Tesakov|first3=A.S.|last4=Titov|first4=V.V.|last5=Frolov|first5=P.D.|last6=Simakova|first6=A.N.|date=30 January 2016|title=The Early Pleistocene site of Kermek in western Ciscaucasia (southern Russia): Stratigraphy, biotic record and lithic industry (preliminary results)|journal=[[Quaternary International]]|volume=393|pages=51–69|bibcode=2016QuInt.393...51S|doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2015.10.032}}</ref> [[Flint]] [[Stone tool|tools]] have been found in [[Dagestan]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Chepalyga|first1=A.L.|last2=Amirkhanov|first2=Kh.A.|last3=Trubikhin|first3=V.M.|last4=Sadchikova|first4=T.A.|last5=Pirogov|first5=A.N.|last6=Taimazov|first6=A.I.|year=2011|title=Geoarchaeology of the earliest paleolithic sites (Oldowan) in the North Caucasus and the East Europe|url=http://paleogeo.org/article3.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520090413/http://paleogeo.org/article3.html|archive-date=20 May 2013|access-date=18 December 2013}}</ref> Some of them were over 1.5 million years old. Many [[Fossil|fossils]] of [[Archaic human|ancient humans]] were found in [[Denisova Cave]] in the [[Altai Mountains]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Douka|first1=K.|year=2019|title=Age estimates for hominin fossils and the onset of the Upper Palaeolithic at Denisova Cave|url=https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1559&context=smhpapers1|journal=Nature|volume=565|issue=7741|pages=640–644|bibcode=2019Natur.565..640D|doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0870-z|pmid=30700871|s2cid=59525455|access-date=2023-05-25|archive-date=2020-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506140551/https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1559&context=smhpapers1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Warren|first=Matthew|date=22 August 2018|title=Mum's a Neanderthal, Dad's a Denisovan: First discovery of an ancient-human hybrid|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|volume=560|issue=7719|pages=417–418|bibcode=2018Natur.560..417W|doi=10.1038/d41586-018-06004-0|pmid=30135540|doi-access=free}}</ref> Russia had some of the last living [[Neanderthal|Neanderthals]] around 45,000 years ago.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Igor V. Ovchinnikov|last2=Anders Götherström|last3=Galina P. Romanova|last4=Vitaliy M. Kharitonov|last5=Kerstin Lidén|last6=William Goodwin|date=30 March 2000|title=Molecular analysis of Neanderthal DNA from the northern Caucasus|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2000-03-30_404_6777/page/490|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|volume=404|issue=6777|pages=490–493|bibcode=2000Natur.404..490O|doi=10.1038/35006625|pmid=10761915|s2cid=3101375}}</ref> They were found in [[Mezmaiskaya cave|Mezmaiskaya Cave]] in [[Adygea]]. [[File:Ethnic map of Russia 2010.png|thumb|300px|left| Ethnic map of Russia (2010), with brown as Russians, green as [[Turkic peoples]]]] The first known ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' ([[Ust'-Ishim man]]) in Russia lived around 45,000 years ago.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Fu Q, Li H, Moorjani P, Jay F, Slepchenko SM, Bondarev AA, Johnson PL, Aximu-Petri A, Prüfer K, de Filippo C, Meyer M, Zwyns N, Salazar-García DC, Kuzmin YV, Keates SG, Kosintsev PA, Razhev DI, Richards MP, Peristov NV, Lachmann M, Douka K, Higham TF, Slatkin M, Hublin JJ, Reich D, Kelso J, Viola TB, Pääbo S|date=23 October 2014|title=Genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from western Siberia|journal=Nature|volume=514|issue=7523|pages=445–449|bibcode=2014Natur.514..445F|doi=10.1038/nature13810|pmc=4753769|pmid=25341783|hdl=10550/42071}}</ref> They lived in [[Western Siberia]]. Fossils of [[Human|humans]] from around 40,000 years ago were found at the [[Archaeological site|archaeological sites]] of [[Kostyonki–Borshchyovo]] and [[Sungir]].<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Sikora, Martin ''et al.''|year=2017|title=Ancient genomes show social and reproductive behavior of early Upper Paleolithic foragers|journal=Science|volume=358|issue=6363|pages=659–662|bibcode=2017Sci...358..659S|doi=10.1126/science.aao1807|pmid=28982795|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Dinnis|first1=Rob|last2=Bessudnov|first2=Alexander|last3=Reynolds|first3=Natasha|last4=Devièse|first4=Thibaut|last5=Pate|first5=Abi|last6=Sablin|first6=Mikhail|last7=Sinitsyn|first7=Andrei|last8=Higham|first8=Thomas|year=2019|title=New data for the Early Upper Paleolithic of Kostenki (Russia)|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01982049/file/Dinnis%20et%20al%202019%20New%20data%20for%20the%20EUP%20of%20Kostenki%20%28green%20open-access%20post-print%29.pdf|journal=[[Journal of Human Evolution]]|volume=127|pages=21–40|doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.11.012|pmid=30777356|s2cid=73486830|access-date=2023-05-25|archive-date=2022-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405163036/https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01982049/file/Dinnis%20et%20al%202019%20New%20data%20for%20the%20EUP%20of%20Kostenki%20%28green%20open-access%20post-print%29.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Both of these places are in [[European Russia]]. Humans got to [[Arctic Russia]] at least 40,000 years ago. Fossils and [[Artifact (culture)|artifacts]] were found at [[Mamontovaya Kurya]] in the [[Komi Republic]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Pavlov|first=Pavel|author2=John Inge Svendsen|author3=Svein Indrelid|date=6 September 2001|title=Human presence in the European Arctic nearly 40,000 years ago|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2001-09-06_413_6851/page/64|journal=Nature|volume=413|issue=6851|pages=64–67|bibcode=2001Natur.413...64P|doi=10.1038/35092552|pmid=11544525|s2cid=1986562}}</ref> The [[Kurgan hypothesis]] says that the [[Volga]]-[[Dnieper]] region of southern Russia and [[Ukraine]] is the [[homeland]] of the [[Proto-Indo-Europeans]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Anthony|first1=David W.|last2=Ringe|first2=Don|date=1 January 2015|title=The Indo-European Homeland from Linguistic and Archaeological Perspectives|journal=Annual Review of Linguistics|volume=1|issue=1|pages=199–219|doi=10.1146/annurev-linguist-030514-124812|issn=2333-9683}}</ref> The Indo-Europeans moved across many parts of [[Eurasia]] and spread the [[Indo-European languages]] and [[Yamnaya]] [[ancestry]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Haak|first1=Wolfgang|last2=Lazaridis|first2=Iosif|last3=Patterson|first3=Nick|last4=Rohland|first4=Nadin|last5=Mallick|first5=Swapan|last6=Llamas|first6=Bastien|last7=Brandt|first7=Guido|last8=Nordenfelt|first8=Susanne|last9=Harney|first9=Eadaoin|last10=Stewardson|first10=Kristin|last11=Fu|first11=Qiaomei|date=2015-06-11|title=Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe|journal=Nature|volume=522|issue=7555|pages=207–211|arxiv=1502.02783|bibcode=2015Natur.522..207H|doi=10.1038/nature14317|issn=0028-0836|pmc=5048219|pmid=25731166}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Gibbons|first=Ann|date=10 June 2015|title=Nomadic herders left a strong genetic mark on Europeans and Asians|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/nomadic-herders-left-strong-genetic-mark-europeans-and-asians|journal=Science|publisher=AAAS|access-date=25 May 2023|archive-date=2 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902191050/https://www.science.org/content/article/nomadic-herders-left-strong-genetic-mark-europeans-and-asians|url-status=live}}</ref> Artifacts from these [[Civilization|civilizations]] were found in [[Ipatovo kurgan|Ipatovo]],<ref name="Belinskij">{{Cite journal |last1=Belinskij |first1=Andrej |last2=Härke |first2=Heinrich |title=The 'Princess' of Ipatovo |journal=Archeology |volume=52 |issue=2 |year=1999 |url=http://cat.he.net/~archaeol/9903/newsbriefs/ipatovo.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080610043326/http://cat.he.net/~archaeol/9903/newsbriefs/ipatovo.html |archive-date=10 June 2008 |access-date=26 December 2007}}</ref> [[Sintashta]],<ref name="mounted">{{Cite book|title=Early Riders: The beginnings of mounted warfare in Asia and Europe|author=Drews, Robert|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|isbn=978-0-415-32624-7|location=New York|page=50}}</ref> [[Arkaim]],<ref>{{cite web|author=Koryakova, L.|title=Sintashta-Arkaim Culture|url=http://www.csen.org/koryakova2/Korya.Sin.Ark.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228104055/http://www.csen.org/koryakova2/Korya.Sin.Ark.html|archive-date=28 February 2019|access-date=13 May 2021|publisher=The Center for the Study of the Eurasian Nomads (CSEN)}}</ref> and [[Pazyryk burials|Pazyryk]].<ref>{{cite web|title=1998 NOVA documentary: "Ice Mummies: Siberian Ice Maiden"|url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/transcripts/2517siberian.html|access-date=13 May 2021|work=Transcript|archive-date=4 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204101907/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/transcripts/2517siberian.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The earliest known use of [[Horses in warfare|horses in war]] was found in these places as well.<ref name="mounted" /> This region is known as the [[Pontic–Caspian steppe]]. It was named [[Scythia]] in [[classical antiquity]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Rostovtsev|first=M.|date=January 1921|title=South Russia in the Prehistoric and Classical Period|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-historical-review_1921-01_26_2/page/203|journal=[[The American Historical Review]]|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|volume=26|pages=203–224|doi=10.2307/1835935|jstor=1835935|number=2}}</ref> === Antiquity === {{See also|Scythia|Goths|Huns|Khazars}} In the late [[8th century]], [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] traders [[Settler|settled]] Scythia.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Art of the Scythians: The Interpenetration of Cultures at the Edge of the Hellenic World|author=Jacobson, E.|publisher=Brill|year=1995|isbn=978-90-04-09856-5|page=38}}</ref><ref name="CUP1">{{cite encyclopedia|last=Hind|first=John|title=The Bosporan Kingdom|encyclopedia=The Cambridge Ancient History|volume=VI - The 4th Century BC|pages=476–511|editor1-last=Lewis|editor1-first=D. M.|editor2-last=Boardman|editor2-first=J.|editor3-last=Hornblower|editor3-first=S.|editor4-last=Ostwald|editor4-first=M.|publisher=CUP|location=Cambridge}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Greek Colonisation of the Black Sea Area: Historical Interpretation of Archaeology|author=Tsetskhladze, G. R.|publisher=F. Steiner|year=1998|isbn=978-3-515-07302-8|page=48}}</ref> It became part of the [[Kingdom of Pontus]] in 107 BC until Pontus was conquered by the [[Roman Empire]]. The Bosporan Kingdom became a [[client state]] of the Roman Empire until the Bosporan Kingdom was conquered by the [[Nomad|nomadic]] [[Huns]] and [[Pannonian Avars]].<ref>Peter Turchin, ''Historical Dynamics: Why States Rise and Fall'', Princeton University Press, 2003, pp. 185–186. {{ISBN|0-691-11669-5}}.</ref> The [[Khazars]] ruled the lower [[Volga]] [[River basin|basin]] [[Steppe|steppes]] until the [[8th century|8th century AD]].<ref name="Christian">David Christian, ''A History of Russia, Central Asia and Mongolia'', Blackwell Publishing, 1998, pp. 286–288. {{ISBN|0-631-20814-3}}.</ref> They were important [[Alliance|allies]] of the [[Eastern Roman Empire]].<ref>András Róna-Tas, ''Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages: An Introduction to Early Hungarian History'', Central European University Press, 1999, p. 257. {{ISBN|963-9116-48-3}}.</ref> === Kievan Rus' === {{Main|Kievan Rus'|East Slavs}} Russia's history began when the [[Slavic peoples|East Slavs]] settled Western Russia between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD.<ref name="britannica">{{cite web|title=Russia|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9109504/Russia|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica|accessdate=2008-01-31|archive-date=2008-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080722203739/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9109504/Russia|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Varangians]] and their [[Generation|descendants]] made the first East Slavic [[state]] of [[Kievan Rus']] in the 9th century. They adopted [[Christianity]] from the [[Byzantine Empire]] in 988.<ref name="Curtis">{{cite web|year=1998|editor=Glenn E. Curtis|title=Russia: A Country Study: Kievan Rus' and Mongol Periods|url=http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/Kievan.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927230631/http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/Kievan.html|archive-date=2007-09-27|publisher=Washington, DC: Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress|accessdate=2007-07-20}}</ref> This form of Christianity influenced Russian culture greatly.<ref name="Curtis" /> Kievan Rus' eventually broke up and the lands were divided into many small [[Feudalism|feudal states]]. The most powerful successor state to Kievan Rus' was the [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]].<ref>Mick C. (8 March 2022) [https://theconversation.com/how-moscow-has-long-used-the-historic-kyivan-rus-state-to-justify-expansionism-178092 How Moscow has long used the historic Kyivan Rus state to justify expansionism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229192022/https://theconversation.com/how-moscow-has-long-used-the-historic-kyivan-rus-state-to-justify-expansionism-178092 |date=2022-12-29 }}. ''The Conversation''</ref> This area served as the main force in later Russian unification and the fight against the [[Golden Horde]] from Asia. Moscow slowly gained control of the regions around it and took over the cultural and political life of Kievan Rus'.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kievian Russia|url=https://www.expresstorussia.com/experience-russia/kievian-russia.html|access-date=2022-12-29|website=Express to Russia|archive-date=2022-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229192025/https://www.expresstorussia.com/experience-russia/kievian-russia.html|url-status=live}}</ref> === Tsardom of Russia === Tsardom of Russia existed from 1547 to 1721. [[Ivan the Terrible]] was the first ruler of the Tsardom of Russia. He created [[oprichnina]] and annexed many lands ([[Astrakhan]], [[Siberia|parts of Siberia]]). === Russian Empire === [[File:Peter der-Grosse 1838.jpg|upright|thumbnail|[[Peter I of Russia|Peter the Great]] proclaimed the [[Russian Empire]] in 1721.]] In the 18th century, the nation had expanded through conquest, [[annexation]] and [[exploration]]. So [[Russian Empire]], the third-largest empire in history, was formed. It stretched from the [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]] eastward to the [[Pacific Ocean]] and [[Alaska]]. The empire was ruled by an [[emperor]] called the [[Tsar]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=tsar {{!}} title {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/tsar|access-date=2022-12-29|website=www.britannica.com|language=en|archive-date=2023-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226161343/https://www.britannica.com/topic/tsar|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Peter the Great]] ruled Russia from 1689 until 1725.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Peter I {{!}} Biography, Accomplishments, Reforms, Facts, Significance, & Death {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Peter-the-Great|access-date=2022-12-29|website=www.britannica.com|language=en|archive-date=2019-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011215025/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Peter-the-Great|url-status=live}}</ref> Peter moved the capital from [[Moscow]] to a new city named [[Saint Petersburg]]. He made Russian society more modern in many ways. For example, his inspectors shaved off the beards of [[passers-by]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Winterhalter|first=Elizabeth|date=2021-07-22|title=Peter the Great's Beard Tax|url=https://daily.jstor.org/peter-the-greats-beard-tax/|access-date=2022-12-29|website=JSTOR Daily|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229194015/https://daily.jstor.org/peter-the-greats-beard-tax/|url-status=live}}</ref> The government began building ships for the Russian navy.<ref name=":1" /> The [[Russo-Japanese War]] started in 1904 and ended in 1905 with Japan winning the war.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Russo-Japanese War {{!}} Causes, Summary, Maps, & Significance {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Russo-Japanese-War|access-date=2022-12-29|website=www.britannica.com|language=en|archive-date=2022-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230070745/https://www.britannica.com/event/Russo-Japanese-War|url-status=live}}</ref> The Russian defeat was one of the reasons for later [[revolution]]s. === Russian Republic === {{main|Russian Republic}} 1917 was a period of [[Russian Revolution|revolutions]] in Russia. The Government was dissolved after [[October Revolution]] in 1917. The [[Bolshevik]]s (later called "[[Communism|Communists]]") took over the country. They murdered the [[Nicholas II of Russia|Tsar Nicholas II]], as well as other people who stood against them.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uBfnjdxFUkUC&pg=PA29|title=The Russian Revolution, 1917|last1=Wade|first1=Rex A.|last2=Wade|first2=Rex A.|date=2005-04-21|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-84155-9|language=en|access-date=2023-02-04|archive-date=2023-01-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122071934/https://books.google.com/books?id=uBfnjdxFUkUC&pg=PA29|url-status=live}}</ref> The Bolsheviks, led by [[Vladimir Lenin]] and [[Leon Trotsky]], created the first [[Marxism|Marxist]] [[communist]] state. The Duma declared a [[Russian Provisional Government|Provisional Government]]. It was better known as the [[:en:Russian Republic|Russian Republic]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927175125/http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=221104 The Russian Revolution] in the [[History (TV channel)|History Channel]] Encyclopedia.</ref> Vladimir Lenin was the [[Premier of the Soviet Union|head of government]] of [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Russia]] from 1917 to 1924. The Russian Republic existed from 1917 to 1918. === USSR === From 1924 to 1953, [[Joseph Stalin]] ruled as the absolute dictator of [[Soviet Union]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joseph Stalin: Death, Quotes & Facts|url=https://www.history.com/topics/russia/joseph-stalin|access-date=2022-12-31|website=HISTORY|language=en|archive-date=2018-09-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912144422/https://www.history.com/topics/russia/joseph-stalin|url-status=live}}</ref> He destroyed anything and anyone that was against his rule. For example, he took the property of farmers and shopkeepers.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Volin|first=Lazar|date=1937|title=Agrarian Collectivism in the Soviet Union: I|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1825998|journal=Journal of Political Economy|volume=45|issue=5|pages=606–633|doi=10.1086/255112|jstor=1825998|s2cid=153383788|issn=0022-3808|access-date=2023-01-03|archive-date=2023-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103152446/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1825998|url-status=live}}</ref> Many millions of people starved and died in [[famine]]s because of this.<ref>McCauley, Martin (2013). ''Stalin and Stalinism''. Routledge. p. 43.</ref> Stalin also removed, or "purged", all military members who were not loyal to him. Many people were killed or sent to prison camps, or [[gulag]]s, for many years.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Gulag|url=https://www.history.com/topics/russia/gulag|access-date=2023-01-03|website=HISTORY|language=en|archive-date=2020-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201234837/https://www.history.com/topics/russia/gulag|url-status=live}}</ref> Many prisoners died in gulags.<ref name=":2" /> Soviet Russia and [[Nazi Germany]] agreed not to attack each other in 1939.<ref>{{Cite web|title=German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact {{!}} History, Facts, & Significance {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/German-Soviet-Nonaggression-Pact|access-date=2023-01-03|website=www.britannica.com|language=en|archive-date=2009-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090826044040/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/230972/German-Soviet-Nonaggression-Pact|url-status=live}}</ref> In June 1941, Germany broke the agreement and attacked in [[Operation Barbarossa]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Invasion of the Soviet Union, June 1941|url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/invasion-of-the-soviet-union-june-1941|access-date=2023-01-03|website=encyclopedia.ushmm.org|language=en|archive-date=2023-01-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102194251/https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/invasion-of-the-soviet-union-june-1941|url-status=live}}</ref> The attack was part of [[World War II]].<ref name=":3" /> The war lasted in Europe until May 1945, and Russia lost more than 20 million people during that time. In spite of this large loss, Russia was one of the winners of the war and became a world [[superpower]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Is Russia a superpower? Very doubtful|url=https://voxukraine.org/en/is-russia-a-superpower-very-doubtful|access-date=2023-01-03|website=voxukraine.org|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103153502/https://voxukraine.org/en/is-russia-a-superpower-very-doubtful|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1961, [[Yuri Gagarin]] flew into [[Outer space|space]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/vostok1firsthuma0000cole|title=Vostok 1 : first human in space|last=Cole|first=Michael D.|date=1995|publisher=Springfield, N.J. : Enslow Publishers|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-89490-541-4}}</ref> He was the first man who was in space.<ref name=":4" /> Since this period USSR was considered to be a space power. It was during the [[Space Race|space race]] between USSR and USA.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Space Race|url=https://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/space-race|access-date=2023-01-03|website=HISTORY|language=en|archive-date=2022-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330020539/https://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/space-race|url-status=live}}</ref> From 1922 to 1991, Russia was the largest part of the [[Soviet Union]], or the ''Union of Soviet Socialist Republics'' (USSR). People sometimes used the name "Russia" for the whole Soviet Union, or sometimes "Soviet Russia".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2002-09-04|title=Article One: Declaration of Rights of the Laboring and Exploited People|url=http://russiannewsnetwork.com/article1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020904232218/http://russiannewsnetwork.com/article1.html|archive-date=2002-09-04|access-date=2023-01-03}}</ref> Russia was only one of 15 [[Soviet Socialist Republic]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Klein|first=Christopher|title=What Countries Were Part of the Soviet Union?|url=https://www.history.com/news/what-countries-were-in-soviet-union|access-date=2023-01-03|website=HISTORY|language=en|archive-date=2023-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103153503/https://www.history.com/news/what-countries-were-in-soviet-union|url-status=live}}</ref> The republic was in fact named the "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" (RSFSR). The Soviet Union fell apart in 1991.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kramer|first=Mark|date=2003|title=Introduction|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26925259|journal=Journal of Cold War Studies|volume=5|issue=1|pages=3–16|doi=10.1162/152039703322483747|jstor=26925259|issn=1520-3972|access-date=2023-01-03|archive-date=2023-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103153502/https://www.jstor.org/stable/26925259|url-status=live}}</ref> Russia took over the place of the USSR in the [[United Nations]] (UN). === History of present Russian Federation === [[File:Moscow, City May 2010 03.JPG|thumb|[[Moscow International Business Center]] under construction]] [[Boris Yeltsin]] was made the President of Russia in June 1991, in the first direct presidential election in Russian history. Wide-ranging reforms took place, for example [[privatization]] and [[free trade]] laws.<ref name="OECD">{{cite web|title=Russian Federation|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/7/50/2452793.pdf|publisher=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)|accessdate=24 February 2008|archive-date=26 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226203432/http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/7/50/2452793.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Radical changes ([[shock therapy]]) were recommended by the United States and [[International Monetary Fund]].<ref>{{Cite news|author=Sciolino, E.|date=21 December 1993|title=U.S. is abandoning 'shock therapy' for the Russians|work=The New York Times|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CEED91F39F932A15751C1A965958260|accessdate=20 January 2008|archive-date=19 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919021034/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CEED91F39F932A15751C1A965958260|url-status=live}}</ref> A major economic crisis followed. There was 50% decline in [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] and industrial output between 1990 and 1995.<ref name="OECD" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Russia: Economic Conditions in Mid-1996|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+ru0119)|publisher=Library of Congress|accessdate=4 March 2011|archive-date=26 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726090900/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID+ru0119%29|url-status=live}}</ref> The privatization largely shifted control of enterprises from state agencies to individuals with inside connections in the government system. Many of the newly rich business people took billions in cash and assets outside of the country.<ref>{{cite web|title=Russia: Clawing Its Way Back to Life (int'l edition)|url=http://www.businessweek.com/1999/99_48/b3657252.htm|work=BusinessWeek|accessdate=27 December 2007|archive-date=31 August 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000831004712/http://www.businessweek.com/1999/99_48/b3657252.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The depression of state and economy led to the collapse of social services. Millions went into poverty, from 1.5% of people being in poverty in the late Soviet era to 39–49% by mid-1993.<ref name="worldbank">{{Cite book|title=Income, Inequality, and Poverty During the Transformation from Planned to Market Economy|author=Branko Milanovic|publisher=The World Bank|year=1998|pages=186–189}}</ref> The 1990s had extreme corruption and lawlessness, and the rise of criminal gangs and violent crime.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jason Bush|date=19 October 2006|title=What's Behind Russia's Crime Wave?|url=http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/oct2006/gb20061019_110749_page_2.htm|journal=BusinessWeek Journal|access-date=13 December 2012|archive-date=20 December 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220105050/http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/oct2006/gb20061019_110749_page_2.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The 1990s had many armed conflicts in the [[North Caucasus]]. There were both local ethnic battles and [[separatist]] [[Islamist]] insurrections. Because the [[Chechnya|Chechen]] separatists declared independence in the early 1990s, a Chechen War was fought between the rebel groups and the Russian military. [[Terrorist]] attacks against [[civilian]]s caused hundreds of deaths. The most notable of these were the [[Moscow theater hostage crisis]] and [[Beslan school siege]]. Russia took responsibility for settling the USSR's external debts, even though its population made up just half of the population of the USSR at the time of its dissolution.<ref>{{cite web|date=22 August 2006|title=Russia pays off USSR's entire debt, sets to become crediting country|url=http://english.pravda.ru/russia/economics/22-08-2006/84038-paris-club-0|publisher=Pravda.ru|accessdate=27 December 2007|archive-date=19 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819095949/http://english.pravda.ru/russia/economics/22-08-2006/84038-paris-club-0|url-status=live}}</ref> High budget [[Economic deficit|deficits]] caused the [[1998 Russian financial crisis]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Aslund A|title=Russia's Capitalist Revolution|url=http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/aslund0108.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030126/http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/aslund0108.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016|accessdate=28 March 2008}}</ref> and resulted in more GDP decline.<ref name="OECD" /> On 31 December 1999, President Yeltsin [[Resignation|resigned]] (quit being the president). The job of president was given to the recently [[Appointment|appointed]] Prime Minister, [[Vladimir Putin]]. Putin then won the 2000 presidential election. Putin stopped the Chechen rebellion quickly, but violence still occurs in the Northern Caucasus at times. High oil prices and initially weak [[currency]] followed by increasing [[Demand|domestic demand]], [[Consumption (economics)|consumption]] and [[investment]]s has helped the economy grow for nine straight years. This improved the standard of living and increased Russia's influence on the world stage. While many reforms made during the Putin presidency have been criticized by Western nations as un-democratic,<ref>{{cite web|author=Treisman, D|title=Is Russia's Experiment with Democracy Over?|url=http://www.international.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=16294|publisher=UCLA International Institute|accessdate=31 December 2007|archive-date=11 November 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041111074502/http://www.international.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=16294|url-status=live}}</ref> Putin's leadership led to [[stability]] and progress. This won him widespread popularity in Russia.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Stone, N|date=4 December 2007|title=No wonder they like Putin|work=The Times|location=UK|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/guest_contributors/article2994651.ece|accessdate=31 December 2007|archive-date=25 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525073652/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/guest_contributors/article2994651.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> On 2 March 2008, [[Dmitry Medvedev]] was elected [[President of Russia]], whilst Putin became [[Prime Minister of Russia|Prime Minister]]. Putin went back to being the president after the 2012 presidential elections, and Medvedev was made the Prime Minister. On 24 February 2022, the Russian Federation attacked Ukraine, starting the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Osborn|first1=Andrew|last2=Nikolskaya|first2=Polina|last3=Nikolskaya|first3=Polina|date=2022-02-24|title=Russia's Putin authorises 'special military operation' against Ukraine|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russias-putin-authorises-military-operations-donbass-domestic-media-2022-02-24/|access-date=2022-12-31|archive-date=2022-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224032217/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russias-putin-authorises-military-operations-donbass-domestic-media-2022-02-24/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 23 June 2023, [[Wagner Group|the Wagner Group]], a Russian [[paramilitary]] organization, initiated a [[rebellion]] against the government of Russia. The revolt arose amidst escalating tensions between the [[:en:Ministry_of_Defence_(Russia)|Russian Ministry of Defense]] and [[Yevgeny Prigozhin]], the leader of [[Wagner Group|Wagner]]. == Size and resources == At {{convert|17075400|km2|mi2}}, Russia is the [[largest country in the world]]. It covers more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Russia is also the world's eighth [[List of countries by population|most populous nation]] with 140&nbsp;million people as of 2022. Russia produces a lot of energy made from [[oil]] and [[natural gas]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thefirstpost.co.uk/4883,news-comment,news-politics,beware-russia-energy-superpower |title=Beware Russia, energy superpower |work=thefirstpost.co.uk |accessdate=14 April 2010 |archive-date=11 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091011081110/http://www.thefirstpost.co.uk/4883,news-comment,news-politics,beware-russia-energy-superpower |url-status=live }}</ref> Russia extends from eastern [[Europe]] across the whole of [[Asia|northern Asia]]. Russia spans eleven [[time zones]] and has a wide range of [[environments]] and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.ru/en/?module=pages&action=view&id=1|title=Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO: Panorama of Russia|publisher=Unesco.ru|accessdate=29 October 2010|archive-date=23 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110323113010/http://www.unesco.ru/en/?module=pages&action=view&id=1|url-status=live}}</ref> and is the largest producer of [[oil]] and [[natural gas]] in the world.<ref name=IEA-Oil>{{Cite web |url=http://omrpublic.iea.org/omrarchive/18jan12sup.pdf |title=Supply of oil: IEA archive |access-date=2012-12-13 |archive-date=2012-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518015934/http://omrpublic.iea.org/omrarchive/18jan12sup.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=cia-gas>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2180rank.html |title=CIA World Factbook |access-date=2012-12-13 |archive-date=2012-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129080858/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2180rank.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Russia has the world's largest [[forest]] reserves,<ref name="fao.org">{{Cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i1757e/i1757e.pdf |title=FAO. 2010. Global Forest Resources Assesment 2010. Main Report. FAO Forestry Working Paper 163, Rome, Italy |access-date=2012-12-13 |archive-date=2015-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501011053/http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i1757e/i1757e.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="FAO 2010">[http://www.fao.org/docrep/014/i1757r/i1757r.pdf FAO. 2010. Global Forest Resources Assesment 2010. Main Report. FAO Forestry Working Paper 163, Rome, Italy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018091350/http://www.fao.org/docrep/014/i1757r/i1757r.pdf |date=2012-10-18 }} {{in lang|ru}}</ref> and its [[lakes]] contain about one-quarter of the world's [[fresh water]].<ref name=loc>{{cite web|last=Library of Congress|title=Topography and drainage|url=http://countrystudies.us/russia/23.htm|accessdate=26 December 2007|archive-date=27 September 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927170546/http://countrystudies.us/russia/23.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> == Constitution == Russia is a federal semi-presidential republic. It has a president and a [[parliament]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Constitution of the Russian Federation|work=(Article 80, §1)|url=http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-05.htm|accessdate=27 December 2007|archive-date=12 December 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071212183338/http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-05.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Russia has 85 federal subjects (territorial units). All subjects of the [[federation]] shall be equal. All entities are subject to uniform federal law. Subjects of the federation have two representatives in the parliament. Subjects of the Russian Federation do not have the right to [[secession|secede]] from it. Important issues are decided by the Federation President. Lesser powers are given to the member republics. At the end of the twentieth century, Russia experienced many political changes. Some people fought to leave the federation. Elections are held at all levels. According to Steve White, the present government made it clear that they had no plans of making a "second edition" of the American or British political system. Instead they wanted a system that was closer to Russia's own traditions.<ref>{{cite book|last1=White|first1=Stephen|editor1-first=Stephen|editor1-last=White|title=Developments in Russian Politics 7|year=2010|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=New York|isbn=978-0-230-22449-0|chapter=Classifying Russia's Politics}}</ref> Richard Sakwa wrote that the [[Government of Russia|Russian government]] is considered legitimate by the majority of the Russian people. It seeks to deliver a set of public goods without trying to fit to extra-democratic logic to achieve them. Whether the system is becoming less [[autocratic]] ([[dictator]]ial) is debatable.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sakwa|first1=Richard|editor1-first=Stephen|editor1-last=White|title=Developments in Russian Politics 7|year=2010|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=New York|isbn=978-0-230-22449-0|chapter=Politics in Russia}}</ref> === Politics === There are four big political parties in Russia. [[United Russia]] (Единая Россия) is the biggest party.<ref name=":0">Reuter, Ora John (March 2010). "[https://ojreuter.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Reuter_EAStudies.pdf The Politics of Dominant Party Formation: United Russia and Russia's Governors] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324085847/https://ojreuter.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Reuter_EAStudies.pdf |date=2023-03-24 }}". ''Europe-Asia Studies''. Taylor & Francis. '''62''' (2): 293–327</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! colspan=1 | Name ! Ideology ! Leader ! [[Member of Parliament|MPs]]<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/russia/#government Russia.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109173026/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/russia/#government |date=2021-01-09 }} The World Factbook.</ref> |- | [[United Russia]]<br><small>''Единая Россия''</small> | [[Conservatism]], [[Centrism]] | [[Dmitry Medvedev]] | align="right"| 324 |- | [[Communist Party of the Russian Federation]]<br><small>''Коммунистическая партия Российской Федерации''</small> | [[Communism]], [[Marxism-Leninism]] | [[Gennady Zyuganov]] | align="right"| 57 |- | [[A Just Russia]]<br><small>''Справедливая Россия''</small> | [[Social democracy]], [[Democratic socialism]] | [[Sergei Mironov]] | align="right" | 27 |- | [[Liberal Democratic Party of Russia]]<br><small>''Либерально-Демократическая Партия России''</small> | [[Nationalism]], Authoritarian conservatism | Leonid Slutsky | align="right" | 21 |- | New People<br><small>''Новые люди''</small> | [[Liberalism]]<ref name="parties-and-elections.eu"/> | Alexey Nechayev | align="right" | 13 |- |[[Civic Platform (Russia)|Civic Platform]] ''<small>Гражданская платформа</small>'' |[[Conservatism]], [[Economic liberalism]] [[Liberal conservatism]] |[[Rifat Shaykhutdinov]] |align="right" |1 |- | Party of Growth<br><small>''Партия роста''</small> | [[Liberal conservatism]]<ref name="parties-and-elections.eu">{{Cite web |url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/russia.html |title=Parties and Elections in Europe |access-date=2022-07-01 |archive-date=2017-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322072643/http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/russia.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | Boris Titov<ref>[https://www.orfonline.org/research/political-opposition-russia-2018-composition-challenges-prospects/ Political opposition in Russia in 2018: Composition, challenges and prospects.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712224759/https://www.orfonline.org/research/political-opposition-russia-2018-composition-challenges-prospects/ |date=2022-07-12 }} ORF</ref> | align="right" | 1 |- |[[Rodina (political party)|Rodina]] <small>''Родина''</small> |[[Russian nationalism]] [[National conservatism]] |[[Aleksey Zhuravlyov (politician)|Alexey Zhuravlyov]] |align="right" |1 |- |Independent | | |align="right" |5 |- |'''''<big>Total</big>''''' | | |align="right" | '''''450''''' |} The United Russia is the ruling party, which supports the government.<ref name=":0" /> The other parties in the Duma (Russian parliament) do not criticize the government strongly, for fear of losing their places in the [[Duma]]. Many [[Opposition party|opposition parties]], for the ''People's Freedom Party'' and the ''Other Russia,'' have been unable to register due to the strict rules. In the 2000s, the government led a war in [[Chechnya]], and in the process, [[civil liberties]] and independent media were restricted. Corruption is widespread and human rights, especially in the [[North Caucasus]], are frequently violated.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.assembly.coe.int/committeedocs/2010/20100531_caucasus_e.pdf |title=Legal remedies for human rights violations in the NorthCaucasus Region |access-date=2022-12-29 |archive-date=2022-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229190716/http://www.assembly.coe.int/committeedocs/2010/20100531_caucasus_e.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2008, Putin's government was in a [[2008 South Ossetia war|war with Georgia]] in a dispute over a region with many ethnic Russians. == Geography == The most western point of Russia is near [[Kaliningrad]], formerly named [[Königsberg]]. The most eastern point of Russia is Diomid Island, 35&nbsp;km from mainland [[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug|Chukotka]] (Russia) and {{convert|35|km|mi}} from [[Alaska]] ([[USA]]). The most southern point is in [[Caucasus]], on the border with [[Azerbaijan]]. The most northern point is on the [[Franz Josef Land]] [[archipelago]] in [[Arctic Ocean]], {{convert|900|km|mi}} from the [[North Pole]]. === Cities and towns === {{Main|List of cities and towns in Russia by population|List of cities and towns in Russia}} Russia's capital and biggest city is [[Moscow]]. The second biggest city is [[Saint Petersburg]], which was the capital of Russia in the 18th and 19th centuries. === Administrative divisions === {{Main|Federal subjects of Russia}} Russia is divided into many different types of [[administrative division]]s. Some of these are called [[Federal subjects of Russia|federal subjects]]. They are the top-level subdivision of Russia. Other types of Russian subdivisions include [[Federal districts of Russia|federal districts]] and [[Economic regions of Russia|economic regions]].[[File:Map_of_federal_subjects_of_Russia_(2012).svg|thumb|center|500px|Federal subjects of the Russian Federation]] == Demographics == <div style="font-size: 90%"> {| class="wikitable" border="1" table cellspacing="0" style="border:1px black; float:left; margin-left:1em;" ! style="background-color: #F99;" colspan="2"|Ethnic composition (2010) |- |[[Russians]]||80.90% |- |[[Tatars]]||3.87% |- |[[Ukrainians]]||1.40% |- |[[Bashkirs]]||1.15% |- |[[Chuvash people|Chuvash]]||1.05% |- |[[Chechen people|Chechen]]||1.04% |- |[[Armenians]]||0.86% |- |Other/unspecified||9.73% |} {{clear}} </div> [[File:Population of Russia.PNG|thumbnail|right|Population (in millions) 1950–January 2009]] Russia has a [[population]] of 142 million people. Most people (73.7%) live in cities. The population decreased by 5 million people after the fall of the [[Soviet Union]]. The current population growth is close to zero, and the population went down by 0.085% in 2008. Russia's area is about 17 million square kilometers (6.5 million sq. mi.). It is the largest country in the world.<ref>[http://www.infoplease.com/world/countries/largest.html Largest Countries in the World] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903114350/http://www.infoplease.com/world/countries/largest.html |date=2011-09-03 }} Infoplease - Accessed 7 September 2011</ref> Its [[population density]] is about 8.3 people per square kilometre (21.5 per sq. mi.). This is one of the lowest country densities in the world. The population is most dense in the European part of the country, centering around [[Moscow]] and [[Saint Petersburg]]. [[Siberia]] has a very low density. === Religion === [[File:Moscow - Cathedral of Christ the Saviour.jpg|thumbnail|upright|[[Cathedral of Christ the Saviour (Moscow)|Cathedral of Christ the Saviour]], demolished during the Soviet period, was reconstructed from 1990 to 2000.]] The main [[religion]] in Russia is the [[Russian Orthodox Church]]. It is one of the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]]es.<ref>"[https://docviewer.yandex.com/view/0/?*=rvAv5PGTc%2Fw%2BBFV6QOUZtaf5gYF7InVybCI6InlhLWRpc2stcHVibGljOi8vMWV1aDl5RDFpcnZKeVZNNSswWWFaZktqRFhoOXZDNWhldUlGTU5uQU4zQT0iLCJ0aXRsZSI6IlNyZWRhX2Jsb2tfcHJlc3Nfc20yLnBkZiIsInVpZCI6IjAiLCJub2lmcmFtZSI6ZmFsc2UsInRzIjoxNTI0NDg3NTUzMTcwfQ%3D%3D&page=1 Арена: Атлас религий и национальностей] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508195328/https://docviewer.yandex.com/view/0/?*=rvAv5PGTc%2Fw%2BBFV6QOUZtaf5gYF7InVybCI6InlhLWRpc2stcHVibGljOi8vMWV1aDl5RDFpcnZKeVZNNSswWWFaZktqRFhoOXZDNWhldUlGTU5uQU4zQT0iLCJ0aXRsZSI6IlNyZWRhX2Jsb2tfcHJlc3Nfc20yLnBkZiIsInVpZCI6IjAiLCJub2lmcmFtZSI6ZmFsc2UsInRzIjoxNTI0NDg3NTUzMTcwfQ%3D%3D&page=1 |date=2019-05-08 }}" [Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities] (PDF). Среда (Sreda). 2012.</ref> {{clear}} == Culture == === Music and ballet === [[File:Peter Tschaikowski.jpg|thumbnail|[[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]] (1840–1893), composer|243x243px]] Some very famous [[composer]]s that were born in Russia during the 20th century were [[Alexander Scriabin]], [[Igor Stravinsky]], [[Sergei Rachmaninoff]], [[Sergei Prokofiev]], and [[Dmitri Shostakovich]]. Russia has produced some of the greatest [[pianists]]: [[Anton Rubinstein]], [[Vladimir Horowitz]] and [[Vladimir Ashkenazy]] are among the all-time greats. Russian composer [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky|Tchaikovsky]] created famous ballets, for example [[The Nutcracker]]. The impressario [[Sergei Diaghilev]] was responsible for the development of ballet in the early 20th century with the [[Ballets Russes]]. Dance companies at the [[Mariinsky Theatre]] and the [[Bolshoi Theatre|Bolshoi Ballet]] produced many famous [[dancer]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://petersburgcity.com/news/culture/2005/11/18/theatre/|title=A Tale of Two Operas|publisher=Petersburg City|accessdate=2008-01-11|archive-date=2020-05-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507180340/http://petersburgcity.com/news/culture/2005/11/18/theatre/|url-status=live}}</ref> === Literature === [[File:L.N.Tolstoy Prokudin-Gorsky.jpg|thumbnail|right|258x258px|[[Leo Tolstoy]] wrote ''[[War and Peace]]''.]] Russians have made many famous works of [[literature]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761564269/Russian_Literature.html|title=Russian Literature|last=Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2007|accessdate=2008-01-07|archive-date=2009-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090820090445/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761564269/Russian_Literature.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Alexander Pushkin]] is considered a founder of modern Russian literature. He was a poet from the 19th century.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kelly|first=Catriona|title=Russian Literature: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions) (Paperback)|url=https://archive.org/details/russianliteratur00kell_0|date=23 August 2001|publisher=Oxford Paperbacks|isbn=0192801449}}</ref> Other famous poets and writers of the 19th century were [[Anton Chekhov]], [[Mikhail Lermontov]], [[Leo Tolstoy]], [[Nikolai Gogol]] (he was born in what is now [[Ukraine]], but during his lifetime Ukraine was a part of Russia), [[Ivan Turgenev]] and [[Fyodor Dostoyevsky]]. Many people think Tolstoy and Dostoyevsky are two of the greatest novelists ever.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-29157/Russian-literature|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica|accessdate=2008-04-11|title=Russian literature; Leo Tolstoy|archive-date=2008-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080519042015/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-29157/Russian-literature|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Time Magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,943893,00.html?promoid=googlep|accessdate=2008-04-10|title=Freaking-Out with Fyodor|author=Otto Friedrich|archive-date=2012-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103141539/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,943893,00.html?promoid=googlep|url-status=dead}}</ref> Three Russians won the Nobel Prize for Literature in the 20th century: [[Boris Pasternak]] (1958), [[Mikhail Sholokhov]] (1965) and [[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]] (1980).<ref>{{Cite web|title=All Nobel Prizes in Literature|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes-in-literature|access-date=2023-01-29|website=NobelPrize.org|language=en-US|archive-date=2019-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008053237/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes-in-literature/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mikhail Bulgakov]] was one of the most popular writers of the 20th century.<ref>Lovell, Stephen (1998). "Bulgakov as Soviet Culture". ''The Slavonic and East European Review''. Modern Humanities Research Association. '''76''' (1): 28–48. JSTOR 4212557.</ref> === Sports === [[Soccer]], [[ice hockey]] and [[basketball]] are some of the most popular sports in Russia. Boxing, gymnastics, weightlifting, and [[tennis]] are also popular sports. Track suits are popular clothing items for many Russians. Some examples of famous Russian sports people are former tennis world number one [[Maria Sharapova]], who has won three Grand Slam titles, and was the world's highest paid female athlete in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/2008/07/22/women-athletes-endorsements-biz-sports-cx_tvr_kb_0722athletes.html|accessdate=2008-08-01|author=Tom Van Riper and Kurt Badenhausen|title=Top-Earning Female Athletes|work=Forbes|archive-date=2018-07-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704010408/https://www.forbes.com/2008/07/22/women-athletes-endorsements-biz-sports-cx_tvr_kb_0722athletes.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After the [[1952 Summer Olympics|1952 Olympic Games]], Soviet and later Russian athletes have been third place in gold medals collected at the Summer Olympics. The [[1980 Summer Olympics|1980 Summer Olympic Games]] were hosted in Moscow, while the [[2014 Winter Olympics]] were hosted in [[Sochi]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Russia – Sochi|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/information.russia-sochi-autodrom.3nDdZPizsnPEtlHysv115Y.html|access-date=31 May 2021|publisher=[[Formula One]]|archive-date=21 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321211802/https://www.formula1.com/en/information.russia-sochi-autodrom.3nDdZPizsnPEtlHysv115Y.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Benson|first=Andrew|date=3 March 2022|title=Formula 1 terminates contract with Russian Grand Prix|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/60601632|access-date=7 July 2022|work=[[BBC]]|archive-date=5 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605081246/https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/60601632|url-status=live}}</ref> For the [[2018 Winter Olympics]], which were held in [[Pyeongchang]], [[South Korea]], a lot of athletes could not compete because the [[International Olympic Committee]] found out they had been [[Doping in sport|doping]]. Those who were not caught doping were able to play in the 2018 Olympics as "Olympic Athletes from Russia". They won two gold medals, and one in ice hockey.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/winter-sports/42242007|title=Russian doping: IOC bans Russia from 2018 Winter Olympics|date=2017-12-05|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2018-03-07|language=en-GB|archive-date=2017-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215071324/http://www.bbc.com/sport/winter-sports/42242007|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Sullivan|first=Emily|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetorch/2018/02/25/588597882/after-going-shot-for-shot-olympic-athletes-from-russia-win-mens-hockey-gold|title=After Going Shot For Shot, Olympic Athletes From Russia Win Men's Hockey Gold|work=National Public Radio|date=2018-02-25|access-date=2018-03-07|language=en|archive-date=2018-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306232941/https://www.npr.org/sections/thetorch/2018/02/25/588597882/after-going-shot-for-shot-olympic-athletes-from-russia-win-mens-hockey-gold|url-status=live}}</ref> In 6 appearances, Russian athletes have won a total of 425 medals at the [[summer Olympics]] and 121 at the [[winter Olympics]]. However, more than 30% of these medals were taken from Russia and its teams. ==== Chess ==== [[Chess]] is the main intellectual sport in Russia.<ref>{{cite web|last=Beam|first=Christopher|date=25 September 2009|title=Why are the Russians so good at chess?|url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2009/09/how-did-russians-get-so-good-at-chess.html|access-date=21 June 2021|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|archive-date=31 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331071732/https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2009/09/how-did-russians-get-so-good-at-chess.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In the 20th century, there were nine Russian [[List of World Chess Champions|World Chess Champions]], more than all other nations combined.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=160YAAAAIAAJ|title=The Oxford Companion to Chess|last1=Hooper|first1=David|last2=Whyld|first2=Ken|date=1992|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-866164-1|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PQBpr6KAdHkC|title=A Short History of Chess|last=Davidson|first=Henry A.|date=2012-10-10|publisher=Crown|isbn=978-0-307-82829-3|language=en|access-date=2023-02-04|archive-date=2021-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826010239/https://books.google.com/books?id=PQBpr6KAdHkC|url-status=live}}</ref> === Food === [[File:Russian Food 01.jpg|thumb|249x249px|Typical Russian food]] Russian cuisine is one of the most famous in the world. It was divided: Old Russian cuisine, Old Moscow cuisine, Petersburg cuisine. The main thing of Russian food is variety of products used for cooking.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Russian cuisine|url=https://bridgetomoscow.com/russian-cuisine|access-date=2022-12-30|website=bridgetomoscow.com|language=en|archive-date=2022-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230110832/https://bridgetomoscow.com/russian-cuisine|url-status=live}}</ref> Typical Russian food includes: [https://bridgetomoscow.com/bliny bliny], [https://bridgetomoscow.com/pelmeni pelmeni], [https://bridgetomoscow.com/salad-olivier olivier salad], [[pie]]s (called ''[[pirog]]i'') etc. Russians have many [[soup]]s such as okroshka, shchi, borsch, ukha, rassolnik. Russian traditional drinks are [[kvass]], [https://bridgetomoscow.com/mors mors], [https://bridgetomoscow.com/sbiten sbiten], medovukha, [[vodka]], birch sap. ==Related pages== {{commons}} * [[Crime in Russia]] * [[List of rivers of Russia]] * [[Russia at the Olympics]] * [[Russia national football team]] * [[Soviet Union]] * [[Russia at the Olympics]] == References == {{reflist|2}} === Notes === <references group="note"/> <references group="lower-alpha"/> ==Further reading== {{refbegin|3}} * Bartlett, Roger P. ''A history of Russia'' (2005) [https://archive.org/details/historyofrussia00bart online] * Breslauer, George W. and Colton, Timothy J. 2017. ''Russia Beyond Putin'' ([[Daedalus (journal)|Daedalus]]) [https://www.amacad.org/daedalus/russia-beyond-putin online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121032944/https://www.amacad.org/daedalus/russia-beyond-putin |date=2022-01-21 }} * Brown, Archie, ed. ''The Cambridge encyclopedia of Russia and the Soviet Union'' (1982) [https://archive.org/details/cambridgeencyclo00brow online] * {{cite book | last1=Dutkiewicz | first1=P. | last2=Richard | first2=S. | last3=Vladimir | first3=K. | title=The Social History of Post-Communist Russia | publisher=Taylor & Francis | series=Routledge Contemporary Russia and Eastern Europe Series | year=2016 | isbn=978-1-317-32846-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vo7DCwAAQBAJ&pg=PP1 | access-date=11 April 2022 }} * Florinsky, Michael T. ed. ''McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Russia and the Soviet Union'' (1961). * Frye, Timothy. ''Weak Strongman: The Limits of Power in Putin's Russia'' (2021) [https://www.amazon.com/Weak-Strongman-Limits-Putins-Russia/dp/0691212465/ excerpt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331074724/https://www.amazon.com/Weak-Strongman-Limits-Putins-Russia/dp/0691212465 |date=2022-03-31 }} * Greene, by Samuel A. and Graeme B. Robertson. ''Putin v. the People: the Perilous Politics of a Divided Russia'' (Yale UP, 2019) [https://www.amazon.com/Putin-v-People-Perilous-Politics/dp/0300238398/ excerpt] * Hosking, Geoffrey A. ''Russia and the Russians: a history'' (2011) [https://archive.org/details/russiarussianshi2ndehosk online] * Kort, Michael. ''A Brief History of Russia'' (2008) [https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofru0000kort online] * {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Russia | volume= 23 |last1= Kropotkin |first1= Peter Alexeivitch |author1-link=Peter Kropotkin|last2= Bealby |first2=John Thomas|last3=Phillips|first3=Walter Alison |author3-link=Walter Alison Phillips|pages = 869&ndash;912}} * Lowe, Norman. ''Mastering Twentieth Century Russian History'' (2002) [https://www.amazon.com/Mastering-Twentieth-Century-Russian-History/dp/0333963075/ excerpt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701182928/http://www.amazon.com/Mastering-Twentieth-Century-Russian-History/dp/0333963075 |date=2013-07-01 }} * Millar, James R. ed. ''Encyclopedia of Russian History'' (4 vol 2003). [https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofru0001unse online] * Riasanovsky, Nicholas V., and Mark D. Steinberg. ''A History of Russia'' (9th ed. 2018) [https://archive.org/details/historyofrussia0000rias 9th edition 1993 online] * Rosefielde, Steven. ''Putin's Russia: Economy, Defence and Foreign Policy'' (2020) [https://www.amazon.com/Putins-Russia-Economy-Defense-Foreign/dp/9811212678/ excerpt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527160046/https://www.amazon.com/Putins-Russia-Economy-Defense-Foreign/dp/9811212678/ |date=2021-05-27 }} * Service, Robert. ''A History of Modern Russia: From Tsarism to the Twenty-First Century'' (Harvard UP, 3rd ed., 2009) [https://www.amazon.com/History-Modern-Russia-Tsarism-Twenty-First/dp/0674034937/ excerpt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329235818/https://www.amazon.com/History-Modern-Russia-Tsarism-Twenty-First/dp/0674034937 |date=2022-03-29 }} * Smorodinskaya, Tatiana, and Karen Evans-Romaine, eds. ''Encyclopedia of Contemporary Russian Culture'' (2014) [https://www.amazon.com/Encyclopedia-Contemporary-Russian-Culture-Encyclopedias/dp/0415758629/ excerpt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330023255/https://www.amazon.com/Encyclopedia-Contemporary-Russian-Culture-Encyclopedias/dp/0415758629 |date=2022-03-30 }}; 800 pp covering art, literature, music, film, media, crime, politics, business, and economics. * Walker, Shauin. ''The Long Hangover: Putin's New Russia and the Ghosts Of the Past'' (2018, Oxford UP) [https://www.amazon.com/Long-Hangover-Putins-Russia-Ghosts/dp/0190659246 excerpt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408020656/https://www.amazon.com/Long-Hangover-Putins-Russia-Ghosts/dp/0190659246/ |date=2022-04-08 }} {{refend}} == Other websites == {{Sister project links|voy=Russia}} '''Government''' * [http://www.gov.ru/index_en.html Official Russian governmental portal] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20131004223744/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/RS.html Chief of State and Cabinet Members] '''General information''' * {{curlie|Regional/Europe/Russia}}{{wikiatlas|Russia}} * {{osmrelation-inline|60189}} * [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/russia/ Russia]. ''[[The World Factbook]]''. [[Central Intelligence Agency]]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081022164202/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/russia.htm Russia] at ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17839672 Russia] from [[BBC News]] * [https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/513251/Russia Russia] at ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'' * [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=RU Key Development Forecasts for Russia] from [[International Futures]] '''Other''' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121215070149/http://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/552653 Post-Soviet Problems] from the [https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/552494/browse?type=title Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives] {{Russia topics}} {{europe}} {{asia}} {{G8}} {{Lists of political parties in Europe}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|66|N|94|E|scale:100000000|display=title}} [[Category:Russia| ]] [[Category:G8 nations]] [[Category:Federations]] [[Category:Current dictatorships]] [[Category:1991 establishments in Asia]] [[Category:1991 establishments in Europe]] dxjkge523agsxduashrt0vood9zudbw 0 3346 10369397 10266317 2025-07-03T11:04:09Z 180.150.36.182 10369397 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = German | nativename = {{lang|de|Deutsch}} | pronunciation = {{IPA-de|dɔʏtʃ|}} | states = Primarily [[German-speaking Europe]], also in the worldwide [[German as a minority language|German-speaking diaspora]] | speakers = <!-- PLEASE, DO NOT EDIT THIS SECTION BEFORE CONSULTING THE TALK PAGE! --><!--to nearest 5M-->{{sigfig|89|1}} million (2010)<ref>Mikael Parkvall, "Världens 100 största språk 2010" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2010), in ''[[Nationalencyklopedin]]''</ref> to 95 million | date = 2014 | ref = <ref name="Ammon, 2014">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vPvmBQAAQBAJ |author=Ammon, Ulrich |title=Die Stellung der deutschen Sprache in der Welt |language=German |edition=1st |date=November 2014 |publisher=de Gruyter |location=Berlin, Germany |isbn=978-3-11-019298-8 |accessdate=24 July 2015}}{{Page needed|date=December 2015}}</ref> | speakers2 = [[Second language|L2 speakers]]: 10–15 million (2014)<ref name="Ammon, 2014" /> | familycolor = Indo-European | fam2 = [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] | fam3 = [[West Germanic languages|West Germanic]] | fam4 = [[High German languages|High German]] | ancestor = Old High German | ancestor2 = [[Middle High German]] | stand1 = [[Standard German]] | stand2 = [[Swiss Standard German]] | stand3 = [[Austrian German|Austrian Standard German]] | script = [[Latin script|Latin]] ([[German alphabet]])<br />[[German Braille]] | sign = [[Signed German]], LBG<br />''({{lang|de|Lautsprachbegleitende}} / {{lang|de|Lautbegleitende Gebärden}})'' | nation = {{Collapsible list | titlestyle=font-weight:normal; background:transparent; text-align:left; | title=[[List of territorial entities where German is an official language|6 countries]] |{{flag|Austria}} |{{flag|Belgium}} |{{flag|Germany}} |{{flag|Liechtenstein}} |{{flag|Luxembourg}} |{{flag|Switzerland}} }}<br /><!--SOURCES FOR EACH COUNTRY ARE REFERENCED IN THE LINKED SUB-ARTICLE--> {{Collapsible list | titlestyle=font-weight:normal; background:transparent; text-align:left; | title=[[List of territorial entities where German is an official language|3 dependencies]] |[[File:Flag of South Tyrol.svg|24px]] [[South Tyrol]] ([[Italy]]) |{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Bilingual communes in Poland#Polish/German|31 communes]] in [[Poland]] |{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Brazilian German|9 municipalities]] in [[Brazil]] }} <br />[[List of territorial entities where German is an official language#International institutions|Several international institutions]] | minority = <!--DO NOT ADD COUNTRIES/DEPENDENCIES BEFORE CONSULTING THE TALK PAGE AND CITING DEFINITE SOURCES!-->{{Collapsible list | titlestyle=font-weight:normal; background:transparent; text-align:left; | title=[[List of territorial entities where German is an official language#Other legal statuses|13 countries<br /><small>(minority/cultural/national language)</small>]] |{{flag|Brazil}}<small> ([[Espírito Santo]], [[Rio Grande do Sul]] & [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]])</small><br />{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}<br />{{flag|Czech Republic}}<br />{{flag|Denmark}} <small>([[Region of Southern Denmark|Syddanmark]])</small><br />{{flag|Hungary}}<br />{{flag|Italy}} <small>([[Trentino]])</small><br />{{Flag|Kazakhstan}}<br />{{flag|Namibia}}<br />{{flag|Poland}}<br />{{flag|Romania}}<br />{{flag|Russia}} <small>([[Azovo German National District]])</small><br />{{flag|Slovakia}}<br />{{flag|Ukraine}} }} | agency = ''No official regulation'' <br /> (German orthography regulated by the [[Council for German Orthography]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rechtschreibrat.ids-mannheim.de/rat/ |title=Rat für deutsche Rechtschreibung – Über den Rat |publisher=Rechtschreibrat.ids-mannheim.de |accessdate=11 October 2010 |archive-date=26 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226064918/http://www.rechtschreibrat.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>). | iso1 = de | iso2b = ger | iso2t = deu | lc1 = deu | ld1 = [[Standard German|German]] | lc2 = gmh | ld2 = [[Middle High German]] | lc3 = goh | ld3 = [[Old High German]] | lc4 = gct | ld4 = [[Colonia Tovar dialect|Colonia Tovar German]] | lc5 = bar | ld5 = [[Bavarian language|Bavarian]] | lc6 = cim | ld6 = [[Cimbrian language|Cimbrian]] | lc7 = geh | ld7 = [[Hutterite German]] | lc8 = ksh | ld8 = [[Colognian dialect|Kölsch]] | lc9 = nds | ld9 = [[Low German]]{{efn|The status of Low German as a German variety or separate language is subject to discussion.|group=efn}} | lc10 = sli | ld10 = [[Silesian German|Lower Silesian]] | lc11 = ltz | ld11 = [[Luxembourgish language|Luxembourgish]]{{efn|The status of Luxembourgish as a German variety or separate language is subject to discussion.<ref name="Ammon, 2014" />|group=efn}} | lc12 = vmf | ld12 = [[Main-Franconian dialects|Mainfränkisch]] | lc13 = mhn | ld13 = [[Mòcheno language|Mócheno]] | lc14 = pfl | ld14 = [[Palatine German language|Palatinate German]] | lc15 = pdc | ld15 = [[Pennsylvania German language|Pennsylvania German]] | lc16 = pdt | ld16 = [[Plautdietsch language|Plautdietsch]]{{efn|The status of Plautdietsch as a German variety or separate language is subject to discussion.|group=efn}} | lc17 = swg | ld17 = [[Swabian German]] | lc18 = gsw | ld18 = [[Swiss German]] | lc19 = uln | ld19 = [[Unserdeutsch language|Unserdeutsch]] | lc20 = sxu | ld20 = [[Upper Saxon German|Upper Saxon]] | lc21 = wae | ld21 = [[Walser German]] | lc22 = wep | ld22 = [[Westphalian language|Westphalian]] | lc23 = hrx | ld23 = [[Riograndenser Hunsrückisch German|Riograndenser Hunsrückisch]] | lc24 = yec | ld24 = [[Yenish language|Yenish]] | glotto = high1287 | glottoname = High Franconian | glotto2 = uppe1397 | glottoname2 = Upper German | lingua = {{hidden begin|toggle=left|title=further information}}52-AC (Continental West Germanic)<br />&gt; 52-ACB (Deutsch & Dutch)<br />&gt; 52-ACB-d ([[Central German]] incl. 52-ACB–dl & -dm [[Standard German|Standard/Generalised High German]])<br />+ 52-ACB-e & -f ([[Upper German]] & [[Swiss German]])<br />+ 52-ACB-h ([[German diaspora|émigré German]] varieties incl. 52-ACB-hc [[Hutterite German]] & 52-ACB-he [[Pennsylvania German language|Pennsylvania German]] etc.)<br />+ 52-ACB-i ([[Yeniche language|Yenish]]);<br />Totalling 285 varieties: 52-ACB-daa to 52-ACB-i {{hidden end}} | map = Legal statuses of German in the world.svg | mapcaption = [[File:Legal status of German in Europe.svg|frameless|center]] {{legend|#ffcc00|(Co-)Official and majority language}} {{legend|#d98575|Co-official, but not majority language}} {{legend|#7373d9|Statutory minority/cultural language}} {{legend|#30efe3|Non-statutory minority language}} | notice = IPA | ethnicity = Germans }} '''German''' (German: ''Deutsch'') is a [[West Germanic language]]. It is spoken in [[Germany]], [[Austria]], [[Switzerland]], [[Liechtenstein]] and [[Luxembourg]]; natively by around 100 million people. It is the most spoken [[first language]] within [[European Union]]. There are some people who speak German in [[Belgium]], the [[Netherlands]], [[France]] and Northern [[Italy]]. There are people who speak German in many countries, including the [[United States]] and [[Canada]], where many people emigrated from Germany. It is also spoken in [[Eastern Europe]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Romania]], and [[Russia]]. German is a part of the [[West Germanic languages|West Germanic]] [[language family]] and is much like [[English language|English]] and [[Dutch language|Dutch]]. Much of the [[vocabulary]] in German is related to English, but the [[grammar]] is more complicated.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Up|first=Topics|date=|title=Japanese vs German|url=https://www.uptopics.com/japanese-vs-german/|access-date=|website=|language=|archive-date=2023-05-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531201139/https://www.uptopics.com/japanese-vs-german/|url-status=dead}}</ref> German has a system of [[case (grammar)|cases]], and when helping verbs are used, the main part of the verb must be moved to the end of the sentence. For example, "Someone has stolen my car" is ''Jemand hat mein Auto gestohlen'' ("Someone has my car stolen"), and "Someone called me last night" is ''Jemand hat mich letzte Nacht angerufen'' ("Someone has me last night called"). In writing, every [[noun]] must start with a [[capital letter]]. German is the only language that still has that rule, but Danish and English did so a long time ago. Standard German is an official language in Switzerland, but the Swiss dialect of German is difficult to understand for native speakers from Germany and even for Swiss who are not native to speaking German.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-01|title=German Numbers: Learn To Count From 0 To 1,000+|url=https://www.languagethrone.com/german-numbers/|access-date=2021-09-09|website=Language Throne|language=en-US}}</ref> One reason that the dialects are still so different today is that even if Switzerland adopted Standard German, mostly as a written standard, German Swiss in [[World War II]] wanted to separate themselves from the [[Nazis]] by choosing to speak dialect over the Standard German.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7p8GgX_hWyA|title = Languages of Switzerland|first = |last = |website = YouTube|publisher = |accessdate = |archive-date = 2016-09-09|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160909162420/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7p8GgX_hWyA&gl=US&hl=en|url-status = live}}</ref> [[Swiss German]] also has some differences in [[orthography|spelling]], for example, the letter ''[[ß]]'', which is used only in German, is replaced by ''ss''. [[File:Standardvarietäten des Deutschen.png|thumb]] == Dialects == * [[Alsatian language|Alsatian]] * [[Austro-Bavarian language|Bavarian dialect]] * [[Franconian Dialect]] * [[Kölsch language|Kölsch]] * [[West Low German|Low Saxon]] * [[Swiss German|Swiss dialect]] * Mannheimerisch dialect * [[Palatine German language|Palatinate German]] * Russian (Siberian) dialect == German numbers == German numbers are similar to their English counterparts. Like most languages, the German number system is based mainly on the first 10 numbers. They occur over and over throughout all the higher numbers. However, there is one big difference. Numbers like 21, 45 and 98 have the single digit first, with ''und'' connecting it to the tens as individual words, for example, ''einundzwanzig, fünfundvierzig und achtundneunzig.'' {| class="wikitable" !English !German |- |1 |Eins |- | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2 | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Zwei |- | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |3 | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Drei |- | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |4 | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Vier |- | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |5 | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Fünf |- | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |6 | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Sechs |- | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |7 | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Sieben |- | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |8 | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Acht |- | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |9 | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Neun |- | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |10 | colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Zehn |} ==References== {{reflist}} '''Notes''' {{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}} ==Other websites== {{InterWiki|code=de}} * [http://www.Deutsched.com Online German Language Course] An online German language course that includes lessons covering pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar. * [http://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/German_phrasebook German phrasebook at Wikivoyage] * [http://www.learntospeakgerman.net Learn to Speak German] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130608044636/http://learntospeakgerman.net/ |date=2013-06-08 }} Student Resource * [http://www.populearn.com/german/ Free German Language Course] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217004814/http://www.populearn.com/german/ |date=2013-02-17 }} * [http://www.visuellesynonyme.com/ German Thesaurus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180331185311/http://visuellesynonyme.com/ |date=2018-03-31 }} {{Germanic languages}} [[Category:German language| ]] ezgy9zjxbod0fexcpe7urskjtj1jjqc 0 3356 10369135 10357131 2025-07-03T07:52:34Z Cactusisme 1477024 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/2409:4081:1E43:CCA1:C0A5:34FF:FE61:6E17|2409:4081:1E43:CCA1:C0A5:34FF:FE61:6E17]] ([[User talk:2409:4081:1E43:CCA1:C0A5:34FF:FE61:6E17|talk]]): Rmval of content. 🌵 [[WP:TW|TW]] 🌵 10369135 wikitext text/x-wiki A '''myth''' is a story about the remote past which is considered true within the society in which it is told.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bascom|first=William|date=1965|title=The Forms of Folklore: Prose Narratives|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/538099|journal=The Journal of American Folklore|volume=78|issue=307|pages=4|doi=10.2307/538099|jstor=538099|issn=0021-8715}}</ref> Creation myths take place before the world reached its present form in the most remote time – the first existing period of time known as the primordial age.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CaIUAAAAQBAJ|title=Myth and Reality|last=Eliade|first=Mircea|date=1998-06-22|publisher=Waveland Press|isbn=978-1-4786-0861-5|language=en}}</ref> The characters are normally non-human; they can be gods, demigods, and other supernatural figures.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Bascom|first=William|date=1965|title=The Forms of Folklore: Prose Narratives|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/538099|journal=The Journal of American Folklore|volume=78|issue=307|pages=5|doi=10.2307/538099|jstor=538099|issn=0021-8715}}</ref> Myths are often associated with [[religion]] or [[spirituality]] and can be very important to those who believe in them.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bascom|first=William|date=1965|title=The Forms of Folklore: Prose Narratives|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/538099|journal=The Journal of American Folklore|volume=78|issue=307|pages=9|doi=10.2307/538099|jstor=538099|issn=0021-8715}}</ref> Some myths are used to explain how a particular reality came into existence, explaining why a society works and is structured the way it is.<ref name=":0" /> '''Legend''' refers to the collected '''[[Mythology (book)|myths]]''' of a group of [[people]]{{mdash}}their body of [[Narrative|stories]] which they tell to explain nature, [[history]], and [[custom]]s.<ref>''Oxford English Dictionary'', {{nowrap|3rd ed.}} "myth, ''n.'' Oxford University Press, 2003.</ref> It can also refer to the study of such myths.<ref name=Kirk>Kirk, p. 8; "myth", ''Encyclopædia Britannica''</ref><ref>Kirk, G.S. 1973. ''Myth: its meaning and functions in ancient and other cultures''. Cambridge University Press.</ref> Myths are different from [[Folklore|folktales]] and [[Legend|legends]]. The definitions of these are not agreed upon but myths are generally understood to be true, about the remote past, and containing non-human characters.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Bascom|first=William|date=1965|title=The Forms of Folklore: Prose Narratives|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/538099|journal=The Journal of American Folklore|volume=78|issue=307|pages=5|doi=10.2307/538099|jstor=538099|issn=0021-8715}}</ref> In contrast, legends usually feature human characters and folktales are understood as fiction.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Bascom|first=William|date=1965|title=The Forms of Folklore: Prose Narratives|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/538099|journal=The Journal of American Folklore|volume=78|issue=307|pages=5|doi=10.2307/538099|jstor=538099|issn=0021-8715}}</ref> The word myth is often used to mean false. For this reason, some religious people object to their beliefs being called myths and some scholars choose to avoid it in favour of other terms.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l5Om2ALAFbEC&pg=PA41|title=Sacred Narrative: Readings in the Theory of Myth|last=Dundes|first=Alan|date=1984-11-15|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-05192-8|pages=41–42; 49|language=en}}</ref> Other scholars choose to call all religious stories myths in order to avoid treating one religion as more important or true than another.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kQFtlva3HaYC&pg=PR7|title=The Oxford Companion to World Mythology|last1=Leeming|first1=David|last2=Leeming|first2=Former Professor of English and Comparative Literature David|date=2005-11-17|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|isbn=978-0-19-515669-0|pages=vii; xii|language=en}}</ref> ==Content of myths== All cultures have developed their own mythology over time. Mythology includes the [[legend]]s of their history, their [[religions]], their stories of how the world was created, and their heroes. These stories have a great symbolic power, and this may be a major reason why they survive as long as they do, sometimes for thousands of years. The main characters in myths are usually [[gods]], [[demigod]]s, or [[supernatural]] humans,<ref name = Bascom>Bascom, William. 1984. The forms of folklore: prose narratives. ''Sacred narrative: readings in the theory of myth''. (ed) Alan Dundes. Berkeley: University of California Press, 5–29.</ref><ref name = "mythfolk">"myths", ''A Dictionary of English Folklore''</ref><ref>O'Flaherty, p.78: "I think it can be well argued as a matter of principle that, just as 'biography is about chaps', so mythology is about gods".</ref> while legends generally feature humans as their main characters.<ref name= Bascom/> Many exceptions or combinations exist, as in the ''[[Iliad]]'', ''[[Odyssey]]'', and ''[[Aeneid]]''.<ref name=Kirk/> Myths are often endorsed by rulers and priests and closely linked to [[religion]] or spirituality.<ref name = Bascom/> In fact, many societies group their myths, legends, and history together, considering myths to be true accounts of their remote past.<ref name = Bascom/><ref name="mythfolk"/><ref name = "eliademyth">Eliade, Mircea.1963. ''Myth and Reality'', transl. Willard R. Trask. New York: Harper & Row.</ref><ref name=Petta/> [[Creation myth]]s take place in some early primordial age when the world had not reached its present form.<ref name = "eliademyth"/><ref name = "dundesintro">Dundes, Alan 1984. ''Sacred narrative: readings in the theory of myth''. Berkeley: University of California Press, Introduction, p 1.</ref> Other myths explain how the society's [[custom]]s, [[institution]]s and [[taboo]]s were established and sanctified. A separate space is created for folktales,<ref name=Bascom/><ref name= "eliademyth"/><ref name=Petta>Pettazzoni, Raffaele. 1984. The truth of myth. in ''Sacred narrative: readings in the theory of myth''. (ed) Alan Dundes. Berkeley: University of California Press,98–109. pp. 99–101</ref> which are not considered true by the people who tell them. As stories spread to other cultures or as faiths change, however, myths can come to be considered folktales.<ref name=Bascom/><ref name = "doty">Doty, William 2004. ''Myth: a handbook''. Westport: Greenwood, p. 114.</ref> Sometimes myths and legends get merged. Their divine characters get recast as humans or as demihumans (such as [[giant]]s, [[elf|elves]], and [[faerie]]s).<ref name = "mythfolk"/> [[Creation myth]]s describe the "official" belief as to how world was created. These myths differ greatly between societies, as any collection of myths clearly shows.<ref>Fraser, James. 1906–1915. ''The golden bough: a study in magic and religion''. Macmillan, 12 volumes plus an index volume.</ref> Over the last three centuries, the power of myths over the minds of people has been challenged by the growth of science.<ref>Watson, Peter 2009. ''Ideas: a history, from fire to Freud''. Folio Society, London 2009; Watson, Peter 2009. ''Ideas: a history, from Wittgenstein to the word wide web''. London: Folio Society.</ref> ==Historians' views on myths== Although myths are often considered to be stories of events that have not happened, many [[historians]] think myths are about actual events that have become connected with strong symbolic meaning, or that have been changed, or shifted in time or place, or even reversed. One way of thinking about this process is to imagine 'myths' as lying at the far end of an imaginary line. At one end of the line is 'dispassionate account', and 'legendary occurrence' or 'mythical status' is near the other end. As an event progresses toward the 'mythical' end of this line or continuum, the way people think, feel and say about the event changes. It may gain greater historical significance while the 'facts' become less important. By the time one arrives at the [[mythical]] end of the line, the story has "taken on a life of its own" and the facts of the original event have become almost unimportant. ==Related pages== {{wiktionary|mythology}} * [[Mythology (book)]] * [[Social psychology]] ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Mythology| ]] 1um3uoaufejqga2psy242pwdsn27oic 0 3464 10368146 10328725 2025-07-02T19:40:12Z 2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA /* Economy */ 10368146 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Ukraine | common_name = Ukraine | native_name = {{native name|uk|Україна|italics=off}} | image_flag = Flag of Ukraine.svg | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Ukraine.svg | national_anthem = {{lang|uk|Державний Гімн України}}<br />{{transliteration|uk|Derzhavnyi Himn Ukrainy}}<br />"[[National anthem of Ukraine|State Anthem of Ukraine]]"{{parabr}}{{center|[[File:National anthem of Ukraine, instrumental.oga]]}} | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:Ukraine (orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Show globe|[[File:Europe-Ukraine (disputed territory).svg|frameless]]<br />[[Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine]]<br />shown in light green|Show map of Europe|[[File:Topographic map of Ukraine (with borders and towns).svg|frameless]]|Topographic map of Ukraine, with<br />borders, cities and towns|default=1}} | map_caption = Territory of Ukraine shown in dark green | image_map2 = | alt_map2 = <!--alt text for second map--> | map_caption2 = <!--Caption to place below second map--> | image_map2_size = <!--Map size in number of pixels--> | capital = [[Kyiv]]<!--See [[Talk:Kyiv/naming]] re Kiev/Kyiv. --> | coordinates = {{coord|49|N|32|E|scale:10000000_source:GNS|display=inline,title}} | largest_city = capital | languages_type = {{Unbulleted list|Official language|{{Nobold|and national language}}}} | languages = [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ukrainian-studies.ca/2020/10/20/the-official-act-on-the-state-language-entered-into-force-on-16-july-2019-the-status-of-ukrainian-and-minority-languages/|title=Law of Ukraine "On ensuring the functioning of Ukrainian as the state language": The status of Ukrainian and minority languages|date=20 October 2020}}</ref> | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | 78% [[Ukrainians]] | 17% [[Russians in Ukraine|Russians]] | 4.9% [[Demographics of Ukraine|other]] }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2001 | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref name="Ethnic composition of the population of Ukraine, 2001 Census"/> | demonym = [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]] | government_type = Unitary [[semi-presidential republic]] | leader_title1 = [[President of Ukraine|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Ukraine|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Denys Shmyhal]] | leader_title3 = [[Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada|Chairman of the<br />Verkhovna Rada]] | leader_name3 = [[Ruslan Stefanchuk]] | legislature = [[Verkhovna Rada]] | sovereignty_type = [[History of Ukraine|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Kievan Rus']] | established_date1 = 882 | established_event2 = [[Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia|Galicia–Volhynia]] | established_date2 = 1199 | established_event3 = [[Cossack Hetmanate]] | established_date3 = 18 August 1649 | established_event4 = [[Ukrainian People's Republic|People's Republic]] | established_date4 = {{nowrap|20 November 1917}} | established_event5 = [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Soviet Republic]] | established_date5 = 10 March 1919 | established_event6 = {{nowrap|[[Ukraine and the United Nations|UN membership]]}} | established_date6 = 24 October 1945 | established_event7 = {{nowrap|[[Declaration of Independence of Ukraine|Independence declared]]}} | established_date7 = 24 August 1991 | established_event8 = [[Constitution of Ukraine|Current constitution]] | established_date8 = 28 June 1996 | area_km2 = 603,628<ref>{{cite web |title=Ukraine |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/ukraine/#geography |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en |date=23 March 2022}}</ref> | area_rank = 45th <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> | area_sq_mi = or 233,013/ 223,013<!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 3.8<ref name="Jhariya Meena Banerjee 2021 p. 40">{{cite book | last1=Jhariya | first1=M.K. | last2=Meena | first2=R.S. | last3=Banerjee | first3=A. | title=Ecological Intensification of Natural Resources for Sustainable Agriculture | publisher=Springer Singapore | year=2021 | isbn=978-981-334-203-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bf4hEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA40 | access-date=31 March 2022 | page=40}}</ref> | population_estimate = {{increase}} 33,365,000<ref name="IMFWEO.UA" /> | population_estimate_year = 2024 | population_estimate_rank = 36th | population_density_km2 = 60.9 | population_density_sq_mi = 191 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 126th | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $515.947 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.UA">{{Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/April/weo-report?c=926,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,LP,&sy=2022&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Ukraine) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=www.imf.org |date=16 April 2024 |access-date=17 April 2024}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2024 | GDP_PPP_rank = 49th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $15,464<ref name="IMFWEO.UA" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 102nd | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $188.943 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.UA" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2024 | GDP_nominal_rank = 58th | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $5,663<ref name="IMFWEO.UA" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 111st | Gini = 25.6 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2020 | Gini_change = decrease <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI |title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) – Ukraine |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=12 August 2021}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.734 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2022 <!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = decrease<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2023/24|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=13 March 2024|access-date=13 March 2024}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 100th | currency = [[Ukrainian hryvnia|Hryvnia]] (₴) | currency_code = UAH | time_zone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]] | utc_offset = +2<ref name="timechange">{{cite news |url=http://ua.korrespondent.net/ukraine/events/1273613-rishennya-radi-ukrayina-30-zhovtnya-perejde-na-zimovij-chas|script-title=uk:Рішення Ради: Україна 30 жовтня перейде на зимовий час|trans-title=Rada Decision: Ukraine will change to winter time on 30 October |language=uk |publisher=korrespondent.net |date=18 October 2011 |access-date=31 October 2011|last1=Net |first1=Korrespondent }}</ref> | utc_offset_DST = +3 | time_zone_DST = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]] | date_format = dd.mm.yyyy | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Ukraine|+380]] | cctld = {{unbulleted list |[[.ua]] |[[.укр]]}} | religion = {{ublist |item_style=white-space:nowrap; |87.3% [[Christianity in Ukraine|Christianity]]|11.0% [[Irreligion|no religion]]|0.8% [[Religion in Ukraine|other]]|0.9% unanswered}} | religion_year = 2018 | religion_ref = <ref>{{citation|url=http://razumkov.org.ua/uploads/article/2018_Religiya.pdf|script-title=uk:Особливості Релігійного І Церковно-Релігійного Самовизначення Українських Громадян: Тенденції 2010–2018|trans-title=Features of Religious and Church – Religious Self-Determination of Ukrainian Citizens: Trends 2010–2018|date=22 April 2018|publisher=[[Razumkov Center]] in collaboration with the All-Ukrainian Council of Churches|pages=12, 13, 16, 31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426194313/http://razumkov.org.ua/uploads/article/2018_Religiya.pdf|archive-date=26 April 2018 <!-- Archive date guessed from URL -->|url-status = live|language=uk|place=Kyiv}}<br />Sample of 2,018 respondents aged 18 years and over, interviewed 23–28 March 2018 in all regions of Ukraine except Crimea and the occupied territories of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions.</ref> }} [[File:Ніжний ранковий світло.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[National Park|National park]] "Sviati Hory" (Holy Mountains), [[Donetsk Oblast]], Ukraine]] '''Ukraine''' ({{lang-uk|Україна|translit=Ukraïna}}, {{IPA-uk|ʊkrɐˈjinɐ|pron|Uk-Україна (2).oga}}) is a [[country]] in [[Eastern Europe]]. [[Russia]] is to the [[Northeast|north-east]] of Ukraine, [[Belarus]] is to the [[Northwest|north-west]], [[Poland]] and [[Slovakia]] are to the [[west]], [[Hungary]], [[Romania]], [[Moldova]] and self-proclaimed [[Transnistria]] are to the [[Southwest|south-west]] and the [[Black Sea]] is to the [[south]]. Ukraine is a [[republic]]. The capital of Ukraine is [[Kyiv]] ({{lang-uk|Київ}}). It was a part of the [[Soviet Union]] from 1922 until 1991. ==Official language== The official language of Ukraine is [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] ({{lang-uk|українська мова}}, [ukrajin’s’ka mova]). In the 2001 census, about 29% of people in Ukraine said that they consider [[Russian language|Russian]] to be their main language. These two East [[Slavic languages]] are similar in some ways but different in other ways.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/language/|title=Âñåóêðà¿íñüêèé ïåðåïèñ íàñåëåííÿ 2001 - English version - Results - General results of the census - Linguistic composition of the population|date=5 January 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080105092304/http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/language/|archive-date=2008-01-05}}</ref> ==Division of Ukraine== Ukraine is divided into 24 [[Oblasts of Ukraine|oblasts]] and one autonomous republic, with Kyiv City and Sevastopol having special status. ==The largest cities of Ukraine== The largest cities in Ukraine are: * [[Kyiv]] (from the late 9th century was the capital of [[Kievan Rus|Kyivan Rus]]; the capital of Ukraine since the restoration of the independent Ukrainian state in 1919) * [[Kharkiv]] (was the capital of [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|USSR]] in 1919—1934) * [[Dnipro]] * [[Odesa]] * [[Zaporizhia]] * [[Lviv]] == Name origin == The name "Ukraine" (u-krayina) has usually been interpreted as "edge" or "borderland", but this an alternative interpretation as "territory" has been proposed. Language specialists are still searching for evidence of the history of the meaning of the word. It was first used in reference to a core part of the territory of Kyivan Rus in the 12th century. In English, the historical region was usually known as "the Ukraine". Since independence in 1991, adding "the" is no longer proper style for referring to the country. == History == ===Ancient times=== Many different tribes lived on the territory of modern Ukraine since pre-historical times. Most historians believe that the Great [[Steppe]] at the North of the [[Black Sea]] was a homeland of all [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] and [[Indo-Iranian language]]s. Some believe it was also the birthplace of the whole European population. Wends, [[Goths]], [[Huns]], Sclaveni, Avars, and other tribes and tribal groups fought among themselves, joined unions, terminated, and assimilated each other. By the middle of the 4th century AD, Antes joined other tribes and established a state under their rule. Their state fell under the pressure of [[Avar]]s in 602&nbsp;AD and their name was longer mentioned. Since the 7th century over 10 tribal groups joined under the name "Slavs" and made their own state named Rus. The chronicles mention three centers that formed this state: Kuyavia (Kyiv land with Kyiv itself), Slavia ([[Novgorod]] land), and Artania (exact location unknown). Historians still argue about whether Kyiv was founded by Slavs themselves, or they just captured the [[Khazar]] fortress which was located on the bank of the [[Dnieper]] river, but since the 10th century, it became the capital of the largest and most powerful state in Eastern Europe. === Kyivan Rus === [[Kievan Rus|Kyivan Rus]], is the medieval state of Eastern Slavs.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2015/03/09/maps-how-ukraine-became-ukraine/ ''Maps: How Ukraine became Ukraine''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150719083654/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2015/03/09/maps-how-ukraine-became-ukraine/ |date=2015-07-19 }} March 9, 2015, WashingtonPost.com</ref> Established by the Slavic with the help of the Varangian squads whose force was used to integrate separate tribes and their lands into one powerful state. Varangian princes, who ruled Rus from its first years were gradually assimilated by natives, but the [[dynasty]] started by semy-legendary Rurik survived and continued to govern their separate principalities even after the collapse of Rus. At an early stage of its existence Rus destroyed such powerful states as the Khazar Khaganate and Old Great [[Bulgaria]]. Rus princes successfully fought against the [[Byzantine Empire]], whose emperors had to pay [[tribute]] to them. Rus' finally disintegrated into separate principalities. In the reign of [[Volodymyr the Great]] (980-1015) the Kyivan State almost finished its expansion. It occupied the territory from Peipus, [[Lake Ladoga|Ladoga]] and Onega lakes in the north to the River Don, Ros, Sula, [[Bug River|Southern Bug]] in the south, from the Dniester, the Carpathians, the Neman, Western Dvina River in the west to the Volga and the Oka River in the east, its area became about 800,000&nbsp;km². Although some of his predecessors already accepted Christianity for themselves, Volodymyr decided to convert the entire population of the state to the new religion. Partially with the help of Byzantine missionaries preachers, partly by the brutal violence, he finally made all Kyiv population to be baptized. For this action, the Ukrainian, and later the [[Russian Orthodox Church]]es canonized him under the name of Vladimir the Baptist. During the reign of [[Yaroslav the Wise]], (1019–1054), Rus reached the zenith of its cultural development and military power. Rus raised the prestige of Eastern Slavs in Europe, improved the international significance of Kyiv. Rus influenced the political relations in all of Europe, Western Asia, and the Middle East. Kyivan princes supported the political, economic, dynastic relations with France, Sweden, England, Poland, Hungary, Norway, Byzantium. The Rus state also ruled non-Slavic people ([[Finno-Ugric]] population of the North, Turkic of the East and South, Balts of the West, etc.). Those people gradually assimilated with the Slavs, and with each other, establishing a framework for the future emergence of three new Eastern-Slavic peoples. The Kyivan State was an eastern outpost of European [[Christendom]], it kept the movement of nomad hordes to the West, and reduced their onslaught against Byzantium and Central European countries. After the death of Mstyslav Volodymyrovych (1132), Rus lost its political unity and finally was divided into 15 principalities and lands. Among them, Kyiv, Chernygiv, Volodymyr-Suzdal, [[Novgorod]], [[Smolensk]], Polotsk, and Halycian lands and principalities were most large and powerful. Major political conditions of fragmentation were: * The succession among the princes of Kyivan State was different: in some regions lands passed from father to son, in others from the older to the younger brother, etc. * The political relationship between individual fiefdoms and private lands was weakened, and the better development of certain lands led to the formation of local separatism; * In some regions the local aristocracy required a strong prince to rule, in order to protect their rights. On the other hand, while the feudal princes and [[boyar]]s real power increased, and the power of the Grand Prince decreased, more and more nobles felt priority of their local interests above national ones; * There was not created their own dynasty in the Kyiv principality, because all the princely families struggled with each other for possession of Kyiv ; * Nomads dramatically intensified their expansion to Kyivan lands. While Kyiv was the center of all social, economic, political, cultural, and ideological life in the country for a long time before, other centers have competed with it since the mid-12th century. There were old powers (Novgorod, Smolensk, Polotsk), as well as new ones... Numerous princely feuds, large and small wars between different lords, were tearing Rus. However, the ancient Ukrainian state did not fall apart. It only changed the form of its government: The personal monarchy was replaced by the federal one, Rus came to be co-ruled by the group of the most influential and powerful princes. Historians call this way of governing "the collective suzerainty." The Principality of Kyiv remained a national center and the residence of bishops. In 1206 the new powerful military-feudal Mongolian state headed by [[Genghis Khan]] started the war of conquest against his neighbors. In 1223 in the battle near the Kalka River, 25,000 Tatar-Mongols won a crushing victory over the squads of Southern Rus Princes, who were unable to come together even in the face of grave danger. Under the leadership of Batu, Genghis Khan's grandson, from 1237 to 1238, they conquered Riazan, Volodymir, Suzdal, and Yaroslavl lands. In 1240, they attacked Kyiv. The city was plundered and destroyed. According to the legend, the enemy saved governor Dimitri's life for his personal courage in the battle. Then Kamenetz, Iziaslav, Volodymyr, and Halych lost against invaders. Batu was able to attach most of Rus to his empire, the [[Golden Horde]], which covered the whole territory from the Urals to the Black Sea, After the fall of Kyivan State, the political, economic, and cultural center of Ukrainian lands was transferred to the Halycian-Volyn Land. In 1245 Prince Danylo of Halych had to admit his dependence on the [[Golden Horde]]. Hoping to get help from Catholic Europe in his struggle for independence, he also made a secret alliance with Poland, Hungary, Masovia, and the [[Teutonic Knights]]. In 1253 he received the crown from Pope Innocent IV and became a King of Rus. In 1259, due to the lack of military aid from the West, the king was forced to re-recognize the supremacy of the Horde. His successor, Lev I had to take part in the Tartar campaigns against Poland and Lithuania. In 1308 the government moved to Danylo's grandchildren - Andrew and Lev II, who started the new struggle against the Golden Horde allied with the Teutonic knights and princes of Mazowia. However, after their death the last monarch Yuri II again had to claim himself as the Golden Horde vassal. He was murdered in 1340 and his death gave the rise to Poland and Lithuania (the neighbors who had a dynastic right for the throne of Rus) to start a war for the Halycian-Volyn heritage. In 1392 Galicia, with Belz and Chelm Lands were finally incorporated to the Kingdom of Poland and Volhynia to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. At the end of the 14th century, Ukrainian territories were divided between different states. Lithuania seized Kyiv, Chernihiv, and Volyn Lands. Poland ruled in Halycian and Podolian. Southern Ukraine was under the rule of the Crimean Khanate (formed in 1447) and the Eastern under the power of Muscovy. In 1569 Lithuania and Poland merged to the united state called Commonwealth (Polish: Rzeczpospolita) to deal with neighbors, as a result, the central Ukrainian lands of Lithuania came under Polish control. ==== Etymology ==== Rus, or The Kyivan State, {{lang-la|Ruthenia}}, {{lang-el|Ρωσία}}; often misspelled as "Kievan State" or even "Kievan Rus", using Russian spelling of its capital Kyiv ({{lang-ru|Киев}} [ˈkiɛf]). As for the origin and definition of the name "Rus", there is no consensus among researchers. Several versions exist: * [[Normans]] ([[Vikings]]), tribes who called themselves Ruses, and founded a state among Slavs, which naturally was called 'Rus Land'. This theory originated in the 17th century and was called the 'Norman theory'. Its authors are German historians G. Bayer and G. Miller, their followers and associates are called 'Normanists'; * Ruses were a Slavic tribe that lived in the middle reaches of the Dnieper; * Rusa - the Proto-Slavic language word which means 'river'; Ukrainian historians generally adhere to anti-Norman opinion, while not denying the contribution [[Varangians]] in the process of formation of the Rus state system. Russ, or The Rus Land in their opinion means: * The name of the territory where Kyiv, Chernigov and Pereiaslav are located (Polans, Severians, Drevlians tribes); * The name of the tribes who lived on the banks of the rivers Ros, Rosava, Rostavytsia, Roska, etc. * The name of the Kyivan state itself since the 9th century. ===Cossackian State=== At the end of the 15th century, the groups of warriors who called themselves [[Cossack]]s appeared on the territory between the borders of Lithuania, Muscovy, and the Crimea, in the "wild [[steppe]]s" of Zaporizhia. From the 16th century, the Sich became their military centre. Zaporizhian Cossacks participated in the wars on the side of the Commonwealth: the Livonian War (1558-1583), the Polish-Muscovite War (1605-1618), Khotyn war (1620-1621), and Smolensk war (1632-1634). Cossacks also organized their own campaigns in Moldavia, Muscovy, and Crimea, on the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria and in Asia Minor for [[looting]]. They willingly became [[mercenaries]], particularly during the [[Thirty Years' War]] (1618-1648). Due to the legal and social oppression of the nobility Cossacks repeatedly revolted. The largest rebellions were raised under the guidance of Kosynskiy (1591-1593), Nalyvaiko (1594-1596), Zhmaylo (1625), Fedorovych (1630), Sulima (1635), Pavlyuk (1637), and Ostryanin (1638). Cossacks, again and again, defended the rights of the Ukrainian population in the Commonwealth who experienced religious and national oppression regularly. For the conflict in the 1850s see [[Crimean War]]. === 20th century === In 1917 an independent [[Ukrainian People's Republic]] was established. The [[Red Army]] captured it and made it into the [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic]]. [[Soviets|Soviet Russia]] in the 1920s encouraged the [[Ukrainian language]] and [[Ukrainian culture]]. In the 1930s this policy changed to making the Ukrainians into Russians. There were mass repressions of Ukrainian poets, historians, and linguists. As in other parts of the [[Soviet Union]], although mostly in Ukraine, millions of people starved to death in 1932 and 1933. During the first years of [[World War II]], Ukrainian [[Nationalism|nationalists]] collaborated with Nazis against [[Soviet Union]] hoping to reestablish Ukrainian independence or to get autonomy under the authority of Germany. Nationalists took part in mass murders of Jews, Roma people, and other victims of the Nazi regime. However, hopes of independence were ruined and Ukrainian nationalists created [[Ukrainian Insurgent Army]] which fought against [[Nazi Germany]] but against the [[Soviet Union]] (mainly Soviet partisans) for the most part. They failed to get [[independence]]. Most Ukrainians fought on the side of the Soviet Union and participated in the liberation of Ukraine from Nazi Germany. In 1986, the fourth reactor at the [[Chernobyl disaster|Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant]] exploded as a result of an improper test. The accident contaminated large portions of northern Ukraine and southern Belarus with [[uranium]], [[plutonium]], and radioactive isotopes. It was one of only two [[International Nuclear Event Scale|INES]] level 7 accidents (the worst level) in the history of nuclear power, the other being the [[Fukushima nuclear disaster]] in Japan. Under the second Soviet occupation repressions against Ukrainian nationalists continued and lasted till the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. In the Soviet epoch, Ukraine was renamed to so-called a "[[Soviet Socialist Republic]]" incorporated into [[Soviet Union]]. Independence day — 24 August 1991 === Modern independence === President elections: 1 December 1991, July 1994, October-November 1999, October-December 2004, January 2010 Parliament elections: March 1994, March 1998, March 2002, March 2006, September 2007 (prematurely), October 2012 Constitution of Ukraine was adopted by Parliament ([[Verkhovna Rada]]) 28 July 1996 with changes 8 December 2004. The political demonstrations in autumn-winter 2004 after the Presidential elections gathered millions of people all over the country. On November 26, 2004, [[Victor Yuschenko]] lost the Ukrainian presidential election ([[Viktor Yanukovych]] was declared the winner). However, Yuschenko and his followers argued that the election had been corrupted. They argued that the election results had been falsified by the Ukrainian government, in support of the opposing candidate [[Victor Yanukovych]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.time.com/time/europe/html/041206/story.html |title=TIME Magazine &#124; the Orange Revolution |access-date=2011-03-07 |archive-date=2010-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100410051430/http://www.time.com/time/europe/html/041206/story.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> They organized political demonstrations in autumn-winter 2004 that gathered millions of people all over the country. They called the demonstrations ''The Orange Revolution'' ({{lang-uk|Помаранчева революція}}). Former [[Prime Minister]] [[Yulia Tymoshenko]] was an important ally of [[Victor Yuschenko]] during the demonstrations. The Constitutional Court of Ukraine ordered the second round of elections, which Yuschenko won. {{main|Euromaidan}} Big pro-[[European Union]] protests called Euromaidan ({{lang-uk|Євромайдан}}) began in November 2013 and made the President go away in February. == Russian invasion of Crimea == In March 2014, [[Russia]] invaded [[Crimea]], holding a referendum in which the people voted overwhelmingly to become independent from Ukraine and join the Russian Federation. Despite the criticisms from certain countries, the majority of Crimean residents welcomed the return to their Russian roots.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-03-18|title=Analysis {{!}} Six years and $20 billion in Russian investment later, Crimeans are happy with Russian annexation|language=en-US|work=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/03/18/six-years-20-billion-russian-investment-later-crimeans-are-happy-with-russian-annexation/|access-date=2024-03-24|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2014-03-01|title=Ukraine crisis: Obama warns Russia against intervention|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26394846|access-date=2024-03-24}}</ref> After some conflicts, the regions of [[Donetsk Oblast|Donetsk]] and [[Luhansk Oblast|Luhansk]] declared independence from Ukraine; they are known as the [[Donetsk People's Republic]], and [[Luhansk People’s Republic|Luhansk People's Republic]]. In 2016, the [[New Safe Confinement]] was built to cover the remains of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant and prevent radiation from escaping. == Russian invasion in Ukraine == {{main|2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine}} On 24 February 2022, [[President of Russia|Russian President]] [[Vladimir Putin]] announced an invasion of Ukraine with the goal to protect Russian citizens.<!--Till now Ukrainians are dying from the Russian war --><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2022-02-23|title=Russian military vehicles enter Ukraine from Crimea|url=https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-news-02-23-22/h_ec5f24d5accb8f8503aabdc63e3fd22d|access-date=2024-03-24|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref> The invasion and the [[Russo-Ukrainian War]], are ongoing (as of 2025's first quarter). Russia invaded Ukraine from many different directions<!-- and from the air using missiles-->.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Staff|first=N. P. R.|date=2022-06-24|title=4 months into the Russia-Ukraine war: What happened today (June 24)|language=en|work=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/2022/06/24/1107158554/4-months-into-the-russia-ukraine-war-what-happened-today-june-24|url-status=live|access-date=2022-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629072303/https://www.npr.org/2022/06/24/1107158554/4-months-into-the-russia-ukraine-war-what-happened-today-june-24|archive-date=2022-06-29}}</ref> ==Economy== "[[Real GDP]] in 2024 stood at [77% or] 77.4% of the level of 2021, the last year before russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. [[Nominal GDP]] is estimated at [[UAH]] 7,659bn", according to media in 2025.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/50345#articles-sub-title-4. Retrieved 2025-04-07</ref> Earlier (and as of 2023), "Ukraine’s [[defense industry]] [... had] 300,000 workers within about 500 different companies, of which almost 400 are private companies", according to media; More production of "electronic warfare weapons, unmanned aerial, naval, and ground vehicles, howitzers, ammunition, armored vehicles, bullets, mines" (weapon), happened in 2024.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/43378. Retrieved 2024-12-07</ref> "The total volume of weapons production in Ukraine [... was] $10 billion" (year 2024), according to media.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/55318. Retrieved 2025-07-02</ref> In 2023, media said that "Ukraine’s top ten [[manufacturing]] [companies or] leaders earned a total" of ($8.3 billion, or) Hr.317.53 billion "in profits in 2023, according to [[Opendatabot]]".<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/36615. Retrieved 2024-08-01</ref> In regard to [[mineral]]s that have not been taken out of the [[ground]]: "Ukraine holds the largest [[titanium]] [[reserve]]s in Europe ... 7 percent of the world’s reserves" and [[lithium]] reserves, almost 500,000 tons.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/opinion/42344. Retrieved 2024-11-16</ref> In regard to [[inflation]]: [[yearly inflation]] jumped up to [14% or] 14.6% in March 2025.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/50497. Retrieved 2025-04-10</ref><ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/50340. Retrieved 2025-04-07</ref> ==Foreign relations== *In Germany, Ukraine has an embassy. *Norway. The [[free trade]] agreement with Norway, has been updated (2025).<ref>https://www.vg.no/nyheter/i/wgQv2o/norge-signerer-ny-frihandelsavtale-med-ukraina. Retrieved 2025-04-09</ref> Ukraine has an embassy in Norway. == Presidents of Ukraine == {{main|President of Ukraine}} The president (as of 2025) is [[Volodymyr Zelensky]] since 2019. ==Related pages== * [[List of rivers of Ukraine]] * [[Ukraine at the Olympics]] * [[Ukraine national football team]] ==References== {{reflist|refs= <ref name="Ethnic composition of the population of Ukraine, 2001 Census">{{cite web|url=http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/nationality/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080323110131/http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/nationality/|archivedate=March 23, 2008 |title=Population by ethnic nationality, 1 January, year|work=ukrcensus.gov.ua|publisher=Ukrainian Office of Statistics|accessdate=April 17, 2010}}</ref> }} {{Sister project links|voy=Ukraine}} {{-}} {{Europe}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Ukraine| ]] [[Category:1991 establishments in Europe]] tudv3zonoprqjmyecemidso4xp2ywv5 0 3539 10368336 10367541 2025-07-02T22:03:44Z 38.226.18.191 10368336 wikitext text/x-wiki A '''day''' is the time it takes the [[Earth]] to spin around once. It is day time on the side of the Earth that is facing the [[Sun]]. When it is [[wikt:night|night]] time, that side of the Earth is facing away from the Sun. It takes 24 [[hour]]s for the Earth to spin once, so that is one day, including the day time and night time. This is mean solar time, measured relative to the Sun. There is also [[sidereal time]], measured relative to the fixed stars. The sidereal day is a few minutes shorter. ==Parts/periods of the day== Remembering that the hours are in the 24-hour clock system. ===In four parts/periods=== * Postmidnight<ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/postmidnight</ref><ref>https://www.collinsdictionary.com/pt/dictionary/english/postmidnight</ref> / wee hours<ref>https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/wee-hours</ref><ref>https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/wee-hours</ref>: Period from [[midnight|00:00]] until 05:59. * [[Morning]]: Period from 06:00 until 11:59. * [[Afternoon]]: Period from [[noon|12:00]] until 17:59. * [[Evening]] / [[night]]: Period from 18:00 until 23:59. ===In two parts/periods=== * [[Daytime]] / day: Period from 06:00 until 17:59. * Nighttime / night: Period from 18:00 until 05:59. ==List of days of the year== {| |- ! [[January]] | [[January 1|1]] [[January 2|2]] [[January 3|3]] [[January 4|4]] [[January 5|5]] [[January 6|6]] [[January 7|7]] [[January 8|8]] [[January 9|9]] [[January 10|10]] [[January 11|11]] [[January 12|12]] [[January 13|13]] [[January 14|14]] [[January 15|15]] [[January 16|16]] [[January 17|17]] [[January 18|18]] [[January 19|19]] [[January 20|20]] [[January 21|21]] [[January 22|22]] [[January 23|23]] [[January 24|24]] [[January 25|25]] [[January 26|26]] [[January 27|27]] [[January 28|28]] [[January 29|29]] [[January 30|30]] [[January 31|31]] |- ! [[February]] | [[February 1|1]] [[February 2|2]] [[February 3|3]] [[February 4|4]] [[February 5|5]] [[February 6|6]] [[February 7|7]] [[February 8|8]] [[February 9|9]] [[February 10|10]] [[February 11|11]] [[February 12|12]] [[February 13|13]] [[February 14|14]] [[February 15|15]] [[February 16|16]] [[February 17|17]] [[February 18|18]] [[February 19|19]] [[February 20|20]] [[February 21|21]] [[February 22|22]] [[February 23|23]] [[February 24|24]] [[February 25|25]] [[February 26|26]] [[February 27|27]] [[February 28|28]] [[February 29|29]][[leap year|*]] |- ! [[March]] | [[March 1|1]] [[March 2|2]] [[March 3|3]] [[March 4|4]] [[March 5|5]] [[March 6|6]] [[March 7|7]] [[March 8|8]] [[March 9|9]] [[March 10|10]] [[March 11|11]] [[March 12|12]] [[March 13|13]] [[March 14|14]] [[March 15|15]] [[March 16|16]] [[March 17|17]] [[March 18|18]] [[March 19|19]] [[March 20|20]] [[March 21|21]] [[March 22|22]] [[March 23|23]] [[March 24|24]] [[March 25|25]] [[March 26|26]] [[March 27|27]] [[March 28|28]] [[March 29|29]] [[March 30|30]] [[March 31|31]] |- ! [[April]] | [[April 1|1]] [[April 2|2]] [[April 3|3]] [[April 4|4]] [[April 5|5]] [[April 6|6]] [[April 7|7]] [[April 8|8]] [[April 9|9]] [[April 10|10]] [[April 11|11]] [[April 12|12]] [[April 13|13]] [[April 14|14]] [[April 15|15]] [[April 16|16]] [[April 17|17]] [[April 18|18]] [[April 19|19]] [[April 20|20]] [[April 21|21]] [[April 22|22]] [[April 23|23]] [[April 24|24]] [[April 25|25]] [[April 26|26]] [[April 27|27]] [[April 28|28]] [[April 29|29]] [[April 30|30]] |- ! [[May]] | [[May 1|1]] [[May 2|2]] [[May 3|3]] [[May 4|4]] [[May 5|5]] [[May 6|6]] [[May 7|7]] [[May 8|8]] [[May 9|9]] [[May 10|10]] [[May 11|11]] [[May 12|12]] [[May 13|13]] [[May 14|14]] [[May 15|15]] [[May 16|16]] [[May 17|17]] [[May 18|18]] [[May 19|19]] [[May 20|20]] [[May 21|21]] [[May 22|22]] [[May 23|23]] [[May 24|24]] [[May 25|25]] [[May 26|26]] [[May 27|27]] [[May 28|28]] [[May 29|29]] [[May 30|30]] [[May 31|31]] |- ! [[June]] | [[June 1|1]] [[June 2|2]] [[June 3|3]] [[June 4|4]] [[June 5|5]] [[June 6|6]] [[June 7|7]] [[June 8|8]] [[June 9|9]] [[June 10|10]] [[June 11|11]] [[June 12|12]] [[June 13|13]] [[June 14|14]] [[June 15|15]] [[June 16|16]] [[June 17|17]] [[June 18|18]] [[June 19|19]] [[June 20|20]] [[June 21|21]] [[June 22|22]] [[June 23|23]] [[June 24|24]] [[June 25|25]] [[June 26|26]] [[June 27|27]] [[June 28|28]] [[June 29|29]] [[June 30|30]] |- ! [[July]] | [[July 1|1]] [[July 2|2]] [[July 3|3]] [[July 4|4]] [[July 5|5]] [[July 6|6]] [[July 7|7]] [[July 8|8]] [[July 9|9]] [[July 10|10]] [[July 11|11]] [[July 12|12]] [[July 13|13]] [[July 14|14]] [[July 15|15]] [[July 16|16]] [[July 17|17]] [[July 18|18]] [[July 19|19]] [[July 20|20]] [[July 21|21]] [[July 22|22]] [[July 23|23]] [[July 24|24]] [[July 25|25]] [[July 26|26]] [[July 27|27]] [[July 28|28]] [[July 29|29]] [[July 30|30]] [[July 31|31]] |- ! [[August]] | [[August 1|1]] [[August 2|2]] [[August 3|3]] [[August 4|4]] [[August 5|5]] [[August 6|6]] [[August 7|7]] [[August 8|8]] [[August 9|9]] [[August 10|10]] [[August 11|11]] [[August 12|12]] [[August 13|13]] [[August 14|14]] [[August 15|15]] [[August 16|16]] [[August 17|17]] [[August 18|18]] [[August 19|19]] [[August 20|20]] [[August 21|21]] [[August 22|22]] [[August 23|23]] [[August 24|24]] [[August 25|25]] [[August 26|26]] [[August 27|27]] [[August 28|28]] [[August 29|29]] [[August 30|30]] [[August 31|31]] |- ! [[September]] | [[September 1|1]] [[September 2|2]] [[September 3|3]] [[September 4|4]] [[September 5|5]] [[September 6|6]] [[September 7|7]] [[September 8|8]] [[September 9|9]] [[September 10|10]] [[September 11|11]] [[September 12|12]] [[September 13|13]] [[September 14|14]] [[September 15|15]] [[September 16|16]] [[September 17|17]] [[September 18|18]] [[September 19|19]] [[September 20|20]] [[September 21|21]] [[September 22|22]] [[September 23|23]] [[September 24|24]] [[September 25|25]] [[September 26|26]] [[September 27|27]] [[September 28|28]] [[September 29|29]] [[September 30|30]] |- ! [[October]] | [[October 1|1]] [[October 2|2]] [[October 3|3]] [[October 4|4]] [[October 5|5]] [[October 6|6]] [[October 7|7]] [[October 8|8]] [[October 9|9]] [[October 10|10]] [[October 11|11]] [[October 12|12]] [[October 13|13]] [[October 14|14]] [[October 15|15]] [[October 16|16]] [[October 17|17]] [[October 18|18]] [[October 19|19]] [[October 20|20]] [[October 21|21]] [[October 22|22]] [[October 23|23]] [[October 24|24]] [[October 25|25]] [[October 26|26]] [[October 27|27]] [[October 28|28]] [[October 29|29]] [[October 30|30]] [[October 31|31]] |- ! [[November]] | [[November 1|1]] [[November 2|2]] [[November 3|3]] [[November 4|4]] [[November 5|5]] [[November 6|6]] [[November 7|7]] [[November 8|8]] [[November 9|9]] [[November 10|10]] [[November 11|11]] [[November 12|12]] [[November 13|13]] [[November 14|14]] [[November 15|15]] [[November 16|16]] [[November 17|17]] [[November 18|18]] [[November 19|19]] [[November 20|20]] [[November 21|21]] [[November 22|22]] [[November 23|23]] [[November 24|24]] [[November 25|25]] [[November 26|26]] [[November 27|27]] [[November 28|28]] [[November 29|29]] [[November 30|30]] |- ! [[December]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | [[December 1|1]] [[December 2|2]] [[December 3|3]] [[December 4|4]] [[December 5|5]] [[December 6|6]] [[December 7|7]] [[December 8|8]] [[December 9|9]] [[December 10|10]] [[December 11|11]] [[December 12|12]] [[December 13|13]] [[December 14|14]] [[December 15|15]] [[December 16|16]] [[December 17|17]] [[December 18|18]] [[December 19|19]] [[December 20|20]] [[December 21|21]] [[December 22|22]] [[December 23|23]] [[December 24|24]] [[December 25|25]] [[December 26|26]] [[December 27|27]] [[December 28|28]] [[December 29|29]] [[December 30|30]] [[December 31|31]] |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> There are only 29 days in [[February]] during a [[leap year]]. Otherwise, [[February]] has 28 days. {{Days of the week}} == Related pages == * [[Length of day]] == Other websites == * [https://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Day Day] -Citizendium {{SI units}} [[Category:Units of time]] [[Category:Basic English 850 words]] <!-- interwiki --> q4gofcece50x47k0n1zzpm61c2qj9v0 0 4109 10368993 10267564 2025-07-03T05:34:43Z 68.65.175.98 10368993 wikitext text/x-wiki {{about|the 43rd U.S. president|his father and 41st U.S. president|George H. W. Bush}} {{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = | name = George W. Bush | honorific-suffix = | image = George-W-Bush.jpeg | caption = Official portrait, 2003 | office = 43rd [[President of the United States]] | vicepresident = [[Dick Cheney]] | term_start = January 20, 2001 | term_end = January 20, 2009 | predecessor = [[Bill Clinton]] | successor = [[Barack Obama]] | order1 = 46th [[Governor of Texas]] | lieutenant1 = [[Bob Bullock]]<br />Rick Perry | term_start1 = January 17, 1995 | term_end1 = December 21, 2000 | predecessor1 = [[Ann Richards]] | successor1 = [[Rick Perry]] | birth_name = George Walker Bush | birth_date = {{birth date|1946|7|6}} | birth_place = {{nowrap|[[New Haven, Connecticut]], U.S.}} | party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] | spouse = {{marriage|[[Laura Bush|Laura Welch]]|November 5, 1977}} | children = [[Barbara Bush (born 1981)|Barbara]]<br />[[Jenna Bush Hager|Jenna]] | parents = [[George H. W. Bush]] (father)<br />[[Barbara Bush|Barbara Pierce]] (mother) | relatives = ''See [[Bush family]]'' | education = [[Yale University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br />[[Harvard University]] ([[Master of Business Administration|MBA]]) | height = 1.81m | blank1 = Religion | data1 = [[Methodism]] | signature = GeorgeWBush Signature.svg | signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink | website = {{url|georgewbush.com|Official website}}<br />{{url|georgewbushlibrary.smu.edu|Presidential Library}}<br />{{url|bushcenter.org|Presidential Center}}<br />{{url|georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/index.html|White House Archives}} | nickname = {{Hlist|"Dubya"|"GWB"|George Bush Jr<ref>[[CBS News]], [http://www.cbsnews.com/htdocs/politics/campaign2004/05goptimelline.pdf George W. Bush Timeline]</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/politics/dubya/ |title=What Does Dubya Mean? {{!}} Politics by Dictionary.com |work=Everything After Z by Dictionary.com |accessdate=December 2, 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref>}} | allegiance = {{flag|United States}} | branch = {{air force|United States}}<br />{{*}}[[Texas Air National Guard]]<br />{{*}}[[Alabama Air National Guard]] | serviceyears = 1968–1974 | rank = {{Dodseal|USAFO2|25}} [[First lieutenant|First Lieutenant]] | unit = {{Ublist|[[147th Reconnaissance Wing]]|[[187th Fighter Wing]]}} | mawards = {{Ublist|[[United States Aviator Badge|Air Force Pilot's Badge]]|[[File:Outstanding Unit ribbon.svg|border|23px]] [[Air Force Outstanding Unit Award|Outstanding Unit Award]]|[[File:National Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg|border|23px]] [[National Defense Service Medal]]|[[File:USAF Marksmanship ribbon.svg|border|23px]] [[Marksmanship Ribbon#Air Force|Small Arms Expert Marksmanship Ribbon]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.veterantributes.org/TributeDetail.php?recordID=1627|title=Veteran Tributes|website=www.veterantributes.org}}</ref>}} | module = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=President George W. Bush’s address announcing first U.S. strikes in Afghanistan.ogg|title=Bush's Voice|type=speech|description=Bush announcing the bombing of [[Afghanistan]]<br />Recorded October 7, 2001}} | death_date = {{death date and age|2009|1|22|1946|7|6}} | death_place = Washington DC }} '''George Walker Bush''' (July 6, 1946 - 22 January 2009) was an [[Americans|American]] politician and businessman. He was the 43rd [[president of the United States]] from 2001 to 2009. He is the son of former U.S. President [[George H. W. Bush]] and former U.S. First Lady [[Barbara Bush]]. Before becoming president, he was the [[Governor of Texas]] from 1995 to 2000. Bush is a member of the [[United States Republican Party|Republican Party]].<ref name="nndb.com2">{{cite web|title=George W. Bush|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/360/000022294/|website=www.nndb.com}}</ref> He flew warplanes in the Texas and Alabama Air National Guard. After graduating from Yale College in 1968 and Harvard Business School in 1975, he worked in the oil industry. In 1977, he married [[Laura Welch Bush|Laura Welch]] and ran for the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]], but lost. He later co-owned the [[Texas Rangers (baseball)|Texas Rangers]] baseball team. In 1994, he was elected [[Governor of Texas]], defeating the incumbent governor, [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] [[Ann Richards]]. As governor, Bush successfully backed legislation for tort reform, gave more money for education, set higher standards for schools, and changed the criminal justice system. Bush also helped make Texas the leading producer of wind powered electricity in the U.S. In [[2000 United States presidential election|2000]], Bush was elected President of the United States when he defeated Democratic incumbent Vice President [[Al Gore]] in an extremely close election. He became the fourth person to be elected president without winning the popular vote. He is the second son of a former United States president to himself become president, the first being [[John Quincy Adams]], the son of [[John Adams]]. Bush was [[First inauguration of George W. Bush|inaugurated]] in January 2001. As president, his earlier focus was on domestic issues. He cut taxes, passed an education reform [[No Child Left Behind Act|bill]], made changes to Medicare, and changed [[abortion]] laws. On September 11, 2001, the United States was [[September 11 attacks|attacked]] by [[Al-Qaeda]], a [[Terrorism|terrorist]] organization, via the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] and the [[The Pentagon|Pentagon]]. As a result of these attacks, Bush created the [[United States Department of Homeland Security|Department of Homeland Security]] and started a "[[War on Terrorism|War on Terror]]" that began with a war in Afghanistan in 2001. He also signed into law the [[Patriot Act]] in order to inspect on people believed to be terrorists. In 2003, he ordered an invasion of Iraq, which started the [[Iraq War]]. The reason why he did this was because his administration claimed that Iraq had a [[Weapon of mass destruction|weapons of mass destruction]] (WMD) program, and that the Iraqi government was a threat to the U.S. However, no WMDs or a program for WMDs were ever found. He was re-elected to a second term in [[2004 United States presidential election|2004]], against Democrat [[John Kerry]]. In his second term, Bush reached multiple free trade agreements and was able to put [[John Roberts]] and [[Samuel Alito]] to the Supreme Court. He wanted to make major changes to Social Security and immigration laws, but these changes did not pass in Congress. The wars in Afghanistan and Iraq continued, and in 2007 he sent more troops to Iraq. Bush received criticism from both sides politically for his handling of [[Hurricane Katrina]] and for the midterm dismissal of U.S. attorneys. Around December 2007, the U.S. entered the [[Great Recession]]. This made the Bush administration create programs for protection of the country's financial system, such as the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP). Bush left office in January 2009, succeeded by Democrat [[Barack Obama]], after an [[2008 United States presidential election|election]] against Republican [[John McCain]]. He has a [[ranch]] in [[Crawford, Texas]], which is near [[Waco, Texas|Waco]].<ref>{{cite news|date=January 20, 2009|title=Ex-President Bush and Wife Leave Washington for Texas|publisher=Fox News|agency=Associated Press|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/01/20/ex-president-bush-wife-leave-washington-texas/|accessdate=January 20, 2009}}</ref> He died after complications with a injury from slipping on a banana peel. == Early life == [[File:GeorgeWBush1947.png|thumb|left|200px|Bush as an infant with his parents, 1947]] Bush was born at Yale-New Haven Hospital in [[New Haven, Connecticut]].<ref>Greenstein, Fred I. The George W. Bush Presidency: An Early Assessment The Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore Maryland 2003 page 2</ref><ref>Marquez, Heron George W. Bush 2007 Twenty-First Century Books a division of Lerner Publishing Group Minneapolis Minnesota page 104</ref> Bush grew up in [[Midland, Texas|Midland]], [[Texas]]. He went to a high school called Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, and graduated in 1964.<ref name="nndb.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/360/000022294/|title=George W. Bush|website=www.nndb.com}}</ref><ref>Bush, George W. Bush Decision Points Random House New York 2010 pages 11-13</ref> He went to school at [[Yale University]] from 1964 until he graduated in 1968,<ref>Kalb, Marvin, Deborah Kalb Haunting Legacy: Vietnam and the American Presidency from Ford to Obama Brookings Washington DC 2011 page 187</ref><ref>Aikman, David A Man of Faith: The Spiritual Journey of George W. Bush W. Publishing Group a division of Thomas Nelson Inc. Nashville Tennessee 2004 page 41</ref> with a bachelor's degree in history.<ref name="webcitation.org">{{Cite web |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761581479/george_bush.html |title=George Bush |access-date=2009-11-01 |archive-date=2009-11-01 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5kwppnbYX?url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761581479/george_bush.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> He joined the Texas Air National Guard in 1968<ref>Cohen, Daniel George W. Bush: The Family Business The Millbrook Press Inc. Brookfield Connecticut page 12</ref><ref>Burgan, Michael George W. Bush Profiles of the Presidents Compass Point Books Minneapolis Minnesota page 13</ref> (part of the [[United States National Guard]]) during the [[Vietnam War]] and became a fighter pilot but did not fight in the war. He left the Texas Air National Guard in 1973.<ref>Stecker, Frederick The Podium, the Pulpit, and the Republicans: How Presidential Candidates Use Religious Language in American Political Debate ABC Clio Publishing Santa Barbara California 2011 page 53</ref> In 1975 Bush earned an MBA from Harvard University.<ref name="webcitation.org"/> On November 5, 1977, Bush married [[Laura Bush|Laura Welch]].<ref>Andersen, Christopher George and Laura: Portrait of an American Marriage Avon Books New York New York 2002 page 150</ref> In 1978, Bush tried to get elected to Congress in West Texas, but lost. After that, he ran some oil companies and was one of the owners of the [[Texas Rangers (baseball)|Texas Rangers]] baseball team. He thought about trying to become the commissioner of [[Major League Baseball]], but went into politics instead.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/14/sports/baseball/14bush.html?_r=1 |title=George W. Bush Is Back in the Rangers Front Row - NYTimes.com |first=Michael |last=Schmidt |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 13, 2010|location=[[New York, NY|New York]] |issn=0362-4331 |accessdate=April 24, 2011}}</ref> Bush is a [[Methodism|Methodist]].<ref name=Methodist>{{cite web|url=http://spectator.org/archives/2009/01/28/the-last-methodist-president|title=The last Methodist president|publisher=|access-date=2012-04-08|archive-date=2013-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509162814/http://spectator.org/archives/2009/01/28/the-last-methodist-president|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1994, he was elected to be Governor of [[Texas]],<ref>Rountree, Clark George W. Bush: A Biography ABC Clio Publishing Santa Barbara California 2011 page xxi</ref> defeating incumbent Democratic Governor Ann Richards.<ref name="webcitation.org"/> == Governor of Texas, 1995–2000 == [[File:George_H._W._Bush,_Laura_Bush,_George_W._Bush_1997.jpg|left|thumb|Governor Bush (right) with father, former president George H. W. Bush, and wife, Laura, 1997]] Bush announced he was running for governor in the 1994 Texas gubernatorial election. His campaign focused on four themes: changing welfare, changing torts, crime reduction, and making education better.<ref name="msn" /> He easily won the Republican primary. His opponent was popular Democratic incumbent Governor [[Ann Richards]].<ref name="msn" /><ref name="telegraph">{{cite news|date=September 15, 2005|title=Ann Richards|publisher=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|url=https://telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1528876/Ann-Richards.html|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=November 25, 2008|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1528876/Ann-Richards.html|archive-date=January 10, 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> During the campaign, he said that if he was elected, he would sign a bill that would allow Texans to get permits to carry concealed weapons (this means a person can carry a weapon on them, as long as it cannot be seen).<ref name="concealed carry">{{cite news|last=Tapper|first=Jake|date=August 11, 1999|title=Guns and Money|work=Salon News|url=http://www.salon.com/news/feature/1999/08/11/gun/index1.html|url-status=dead|access-date=June 23, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724161725/http://www.salon.com/news/feature/1999/08/11/gun/index1.html|archive-date=July 24, 2008}}</ref> Bush won the general election with 53.5 percent against Richards' 45.9 percent.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://texasalmanac.com/sites/default/files/images/uploads/gov1845-2010table.pdf|work=Texas Almanac|title=Elections of Texas Governors, 1845–2010}}; {{cite encyclopedia|work=MSN Encarta|title=George Bush|archive-date=November 1, 2009|url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761581479/George_Bush.html|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5kwppnbYX?url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761581479/george_bush.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bush used a budget surplus (when the government makes more money than it spends) to pass a $2 billion tax-cut, which was Texas's largest.<ref name="SlaterBrain">{{cite book|title=Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential|url=https://archive.org/details/bushsbrainhowkar00moor|last1=Moore|first1=James|last2=Slater|first2=Wayne|publisher=Wiley|year=2003|isbn=978-0-471-42327-0|location=New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/bushsbrainhowkar00moor/page/210 210]|oclc=51755949}}</ref> He used government money to fund organizations that teach people of the dangers of alcohol and drug use and abuse, and helping to reduce [[domestic violence]].<ref>{{cite web|date=December 1, 2005|title=Violence Against Women Act: History and Federal Funding|url=http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL30871_20100226.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523120736/http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL30871_20100226.pdf|archive-date=May 23, 2013|access-date=May 24, 2009|publisher=[[Congressional Research Service]] – The Library of Congress}}</ref> In 1998, Bush won re-election with a record 69<ref name="msn" />&nbsp;percent of the vote.<ref>{{cite news|date=November 3, 1998|title=Texas Gov. George W. Bush wins in landslide|publisher=CNN|agency=Associated Press|url=http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1998/11/03/election/governors/texas|url-status=dead|access-date=June 30, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060515081611/http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1998/11/03/election/governors/texas|archive-date=May 15, 2006}}</ref> He became the first governor in Texas history to be elected to two consecutive four-year terms.<ref name="msn" /> In his second term, Bush promoted faith-based organizations and had high approval ratings.<ref name="msn" /> He proclaimed June 10, 2000, to be Jesus Day in Texas, a day on which he asked all Texans to "answer the call to serve those in need".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/jesus/readings/jesusdaymemo.html|title=Readings – The Jesus Day Proclamation {{!}} The Jesus Factor|date=April 29, 2004|website=Frontline|publisher=WGBH Educational Foundation|access-date=November 17, 2019}}</ref> In 1999, Bush signed a law that said electric retailers needed to buy a certain amount of energy from [[Renewable resource|renewable sources]].<ref name="txlaw">[http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/BillLookup/Text.aspx?LegSess=76R&Bill=SB7 SB7] [http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/tlodocs/76R/billtext/html/SB00007I.htm Law text]''Texas Legislature Online'', May 1999. Retrieved September 24, 2011.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seco.cpa.state.tx.us/re/rps-portfolio.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130304211930/http://seco.cpa.state.tx.us/re/rps-portfolio.php|archive-date=March 4, 2013|title=Texas Renewable Portfolio Standard|publisher=Texas State Energy Conservation Office|access-date=September 24, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=September 24, 2011|title=Texas Renewable Portfolio Standard|publisher=Pew Center on Global Climate Change|url=http://www.pewclimate.org/node/4120|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427041158/http://www.pewclimate.org/node/4120|archive-date=April 27, 2012}}</ref> This helped [[Wind power in Texas|Texas]] become the [[Wind power in the United States|leading producer]] of [[wind power]]ed electricity in the U.S.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Koronowski|first=Ryan|date=January 19, 2011|title=It's Not Just Oil: Wind Power Approaches 8% of Texas Electricity in 2010|url=http://www.repoweramerica.org/states/texas/wind-power-in-texas/|access-date=September 24, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113144117/http://www.repoweramerica.org/states/texas/wind-power-in-texas/|archive-date=January 13, 2012}}</ref><ref name="mighty wind">{{cite news|author1=Galbraith, Kate|author2=Price, Asher|date=August 2011|title=A mighty wind|page=5|newspaper=[[Texas Monthly]]|url=http://www.texasmonthly.com/story/mighty-wind/page/0/4|url-status=dead|access-date=February 26, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080730212509/http://www.texasmonthly.com/story/mighty-wind/page/0/4|archive-date=July 30, 2008|issn=0148-7736}}</ref><ref name="sector">{{cite web|date=July 28, 2011|url=http://windsector.tumblr.com/post/8182421573/swift-boats-and-texas-wind|title=Swift Boats and Texas Wind|publisher=Windsector.tumblr.com|access-date=July 31, 2012|archive-date=July 30, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080730212509/http://windsector.tumblr.com/post/8182421573/swift-boats-and-texas-wind|url-status=dead}}</ref> Critics said that during his time as governor, Texas ranked near the bottom in environmental evaluations. Supporters pointed to his efforts to raise the pay of teachers and improve educational test scores.<ref name="msn" /> During Bush's first term, he was seen as a future presidential candidate. After he was reelected in 1998, this belief grew. In 1999, he decided to seek the 2000 Republican presidential nomination. ==2000 United States Presidential Election== {{further|2000 United States presidential election}} Bush ran against then-Vice President [[Al Gore]] in the [[2000 United States presidential election]].<ref>Bush, George W. Decision Points Random House New York pages 67-78</ref> More than 100 million people voted on November 7, 2000.<ref>Scaros, Constantinos E. Understanding the Constitution Jones and Bartlett Publishers LLC 2011 page 4</ref> But the election was very close. When they began counting the votes, it became clear that whoever got the most votes in the state of [[Florida]] would win the election. But there were many issues with the ballots in Florida. Gore [[lawsuit|sued]] to get Florida to count the votes again. For more than a month no one knew who won the election. The [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] made a decision to stop recounting votes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_681500368_2/Disputed_Presidential_Election_of_2000.html |title=Disputed Presidential Election of 2000 |access-date=2009-08-31 |archive-date=2009-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090820152834/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_681500368_2/Disputed_Presidential_Election_of_2000.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gore decided to accept his loss on December 13 and Bush was declared the winner.<ref>Rountree, Clark George W. Bush a Biography ABC Clio Publishing Santa Barbara California 2011 page xxii</ref> == Presidency, 2001–2009 == === First term, 2001–2005 === [[File:George W Bush 2001 oath.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The [[First inauguration of George W. Bush]], January 2001]] While he was president, George W. Bush signed the [[No Child Left Behind Act]] into law.<ref>Bush, George W. Bush Decision Points Random House New York page 307</ref> It was an education reform bill. Bush was the second President of the United States to deliver a speech in both [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and in [[English language|English]].<ref>[http://www.buzzle.com/articles/interesting-facts-about-george-w-bush.html Interesting Facts about George W. Bush] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110821075101/http://www.buzzle.com/articles/interesting-facts-about-george-w-bush.html |date=2011-08-21 }} at Buzzle.com</ref> He added Part D to Medicare,<ref>Frolik, Lawrence A. The Law of Later Life Health Care and Decision Making American Bar Association 2006 page 15</ref> which gives older people free [[medicine]] if they can not afford it. He also signed very large tax cuts (many of them were for the middle and lower class) during his presidency. Bush did not approve of [[abortion]].<ref>Bush, George W. Decision Points Random House New York pages 112-113</ref> In 2004, he signed the Unborn Victims Of Violence Act<ref>{{cite web|url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2004/04/20040401-3.html|title=President Bush Signs Unborn Victims of Violence Act of 2004|website=georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov}}</ref> which made it so that if a pregnant woman is murdered, her murderer can also be charged with killing the [[fetus]] that the woman was carrying.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,115189,00.html | title=George W. Bush | website=[[Fox News]] | date=11 July 2022 }}</ref> His first foreign policy test came when an American spy plane crashed in [[China]]. Bush peacefully [[wikt:negotiate|negotiated]] the release of the plane crew.<ref>Swansbrough, Robert H. Test by Fire: The War Presidency of George W. Bush Palgrave MacMillan New York New York 2008 pages 79-80</ref> [[File:FEMA - 3904 - Photograph by SFC Thomas R. Roberts taken on 09-14-2001 in New York.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Bush at [[Ground Zero]] after the [[September 11 attacks]]]] Eight months after Bush became president, the [[September 11 attacks]] occurred. Because of this, President Bush declared a [[War on Terrorism]].<ref>Atkins, Stephen E The 9/11 Encyclopedia ABC Clio Publishing Santa Barbara California 2011 page 210</ref> Bush tried to do many things to stop another terrorist attack from happening. He ordered an [[invasion]] of [[Afghanistan]] in 2002.<ref>Shmitt, Steffen W. ; Mark C Shelley; Barbara A Bardes American Government and Politics Today 2010-2011 Wadsworth Political Science Boston Massachusetts page 232</ref> He did this because the leaders of Afghanistan were helping [[Osama bin Laden]], who was responsible for attacking America on September 11, 2001. Almost ten years later, on May 2, 2011 bin Laden was killed on orders of President [[Barack Obama]]. Bush from his banana peel shaped grave asked Congress to do more to stop terrorism. As a result, Congress passed a law that created the [[United States Department of Homeland Security|Department Of Homeland Security]], a government department which tries to prevent terrorist attacks from happening. It also responds to emergencies such as floods or diseases. He signed the [[Patriot Act]] (which allowed the government to listen to people's phone calls so it can track down terrorists which try to communicate with each other).<ref>Bush, George W. Decision Points Random House New York page 160-162</ref> After Saddam refused to cooperate with the United Nations weapons inspectors<ref>Ofori, Nuku A World System in Flux: The Rise of Modern World Empire and its Significance in the Modern World System ProQuest LLC Ann Arbor Michigan 2009 pages 135-136</ref> and the United States Congress authorized Bush to invade Iraq if its government did not cooperate with the weapons inspectors,<ref>Kushner, Harvey W. Encyclopedia of Terrorism Sage Publications page 178</ref> Bush decided on the [[Gulf War]] in 2003<ref>Shmitt, Steffen W. ; Mack C Shelley ; Barbara A Bardes Wadsworth Political Science Boston Massachusetts page 232</ref> with several allies.<ref>Lansford, Tom 9/11 and the Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq: A Chronology and Reference Guide ABC Clio Publishing Santa Barbara California 2012 page 235</ref> Saddam Hussein was removed from power, and Iraq turned into a [[democracy]]. Over 100,000 people were killed in this war. ===2004 presidential election=== {{further|2004 United States presidential election}} In the [[United States presidential election, 2004|2004 presidential election]], Bush won again with a majority of votes. His opponent was [[Massachusetts]] [[United States Senate|Senator]] [[John Kerry]], a [[United States Democratic Party|Democrat]].<ref>Bush, George W. Bush Decision Points Random House New York 2010 page 120, page 296</ref> === Second term, 2005–09 === [[File:President George W. Bush Delivers Inaugural Address.jpg|thumb|left|200px|The Second [[inauguration]] of George W. Bush, January 2005]] In 2005, [[Hurricane Katrina]] (the most destructive hurricane in American history) happened.<ref>Ouellette, Jeanine Dennis Feltgen Hurricane Katrina ABDO Publishing Company Edina Minnesota 2008 page 94</ref> It caused over 1800 deaths and caused billions of dollars of destruction. George W. Bush signed several acts into law which would help Hurricane Katrina victims. [[File:Vladimir Putin and George W. Bush.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Bush with [[President of Russia]] [[Vladimir Putin]], 2007]] In the Iraq War, no weapons of mass destruction were found, and the Bush Administration was criticized for being wrong about Iraq having weapons of mass destruction. Bush added more American troops to Iraq (which was called "the surge") to speed up the war. The surge was successful, and in result, Iraq had less violence. Although the economy was doing very well during much of his presidency, in early 2008, the economy was slowing down. Bush signed a bill into law which would gave $600 to every American citizen, hoping that people would go out and spend the money so that it would prevent a [[recession]] (a bad economy) from happening. Later in 2008 December, stock market crashed and the country fell into its worst recession since the [[Great Depression]]. Bush helped create a 700 billion dollar bailout, which would give money to corporations (large businesses) to prevent them from being bankrupt and to try to prevent the recession from getting worse. Bush publicly supported Republican candidate [[John McCain]] during the 2008 presidential election,<ref name="msn.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.msn.com/|title=MSN - Outlook, Office, Skype, Bing, Breaking News, and Latest Videos|website=www.msn.com}}</ref> but [[Barack Obama]] won the election.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/11/04/election.president/index.html|title=Obama: 'This is your victory' - CNN.com|website=edition.cnn.com|access-date=2012-07-13|archive-date=2012-05-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507100635/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/11/04/election.president/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> During the last few days he was president, Bush gave his farewell address. He was succeeded by Barack Obama on January 20, 2009. == Post-presidency and death 2009–2009 == [[File:REAGANBUSHEULOGY2.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The body of George Walker Bush, depicted at his funeral on 3 Febuary 2009.]] After his presidency, Bush died shortly after slipping on a banana peel right outside of the white house and injuring his skull. Bush sadly died the next day due to complications from the injury. A funeral was held on Febuary 3, however no one attended it. Not even his father George H.W. Bush. What a poor thing. Bush was later buried in a unmarked grave near the CO-88 and CO-177 junction in Greenwood Village, Colorado. However, Bush's ghost continued to work in the banana peel shaped burial his adoring fans gave him. He wanted to be remembered as having the shortest post presidency, surpassing James K Polk's 103 days by having a retirement that was 690.42 minutes long. He died in the early hours of January 22, 2009. == References == {{reflist|3|refs= <ref name="msn">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761581479/george_bush.html |title=George Bush |access-date=August 3, 2008 |publisher=MSN Encarta |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5kwppnbYX?url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761581479/george_bush.html |archive-date=November 1, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> }} ==Other websites== {{commonscat-inline}} * [http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/georgewbush/ Official Biography at the White House] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090626223537/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/georgewbush/ |date=2009-06-26 }} {{USPresidents}} {{GW Bush cabinet}} {{Time Persons of the Year 2001–2025}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bush, George W.}} [[Category:1946 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:George W. Bush| ]] [[Category:2000 United States presidential candidates]] [[Category:2004 United States presidential candidates]] [[Category:20th-century American politicians]] [[Category:21st-century American politicians]] [[Category:American aviators]] [[Category:American Methodists]] [[Category:Bush family]] [[Category:Businesspeople from New Haven, Connecticut]] [[Category:Businesspeople from Texas]] [[Category:Children of Presidents of the United States]] [[Category:George H. W. Bush]] [[Category:Governors of Texas]] [[Category:People from Midland, Texas]] [[Category:Politicians from New Haven, Connecticut]] [[Category:Ranchers]] [[Category:Recipients of the Order pro merito Melitensi]] [[Category:Time People of the Year]] [[Category:Republican Party (United States) politicians]] [[Category:Writers from New Haven, Connecticut]] [[Category:Writers from Texas]] [[Category:Yale University alumni]] [[Category:People indicted for war crimes]] [[Category:21st-century presidents of the United States]] bixeyzj4fpata2cbgvdcsr17kfoa19d 0 4462 10369168 10344884 2025-07-03T08:11:27Z 180.150.36.182 10369168 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = | name = Walter Amadeus Mozart | honorific_suffix = | image = Wolfgang-amadeus-mozart 1.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Mozart | native_name = | native_name_lang = | pronunciation = <!--add pronunciation in IPA with template {{IPA-xx|...|lang}}, and replace 'xx' with the ISO639-1 code for the language. If pronunciation is in English and this will be obvious, {{IPA-en|...|}} should be used.--> | birth_name = Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart | birth_date = {{Birth date|1756|01|27|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Salzburg]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|1791|12|05|1756|01|27|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Vienna]], [[Austria]] | death_cause = Uncertain | body_discovered = | resting_place = Vienna | resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} --> | monuments = | residence = | other_names = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = Composer, instrumentalist, [[music]] teacher | years_active = 1761 – 1791 | employer = | organization = | agent = | known_for = | notable_works = ''[[The Marriage of Figaro]]''<br />''[[Don Giovanni]]''<br />''[[Cosi fan tutte]]''<br />''[[The Magic Flute]]''<br />[[Symphony No. 41 "Jupiter" (Mozart)|Symphony in C major ("Jupiter")]]<br />[[Piano Concerto No. 20 (Mozart)|Piano Concerto in D minor]]<br />[[Clarinet Concerto (Mozart)|Clarinet Concerto in A major]]<br />Serenade for 13 Wind Instruments<br />[[Requiem (Mozart)|Requiem]] | style = Classical | home_town = | salary = | net_worth = | height = <!-- {{height|m=}} --> | weight = <!-- {{convert|weight in kg|kg|lb}} --> | television = | title = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | movement = | opponents = | boards = | criminal_charge = <!-- Criminality parameters should be supported with citations from reliable sources --> | criminal_penalty = | criminal_status = | spouse = Constanze Mozart | partner = | children = 6 children; 4 sons and 2 daughters | parents = [[Leopold Mozart]] and Anna Maria Mozart | relatives = [[Maria Anna Mozart]] (sister) | callsign = | awards = | website = <!-- {{URL|www.example.com}} --> | module = | module2 = | module3 = | module4 = | module5 = | module6 = | signature = Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Signature.svg | signature_size = | signature_alt = | footnotes = | box_width = }} '''Walter Amadeus Mozart''' (January 27, 1756 – December 5, 1791; pronounced ''MOHT-sart'') was a [[composer]], instrumentalist, and music teacher. His full [[Baptism|baptised name]] was Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart. He was born in [[Salzburg, Austria|Salzburg (then a free archbishopric city within the Holy Roman Empire, now Austria).]] He was the youngest child of Leopold and Anna Maria Mozart. From a [[child prodigy|very early age]], the young Mozart showed great musical talent. He toured [[Europe]] with his parents and older sister "Nannerl" for several years. In these tours, he performed for royalty and the aristocratic elite. As a young man, Mozart worked in [[Paris]], [[Mannheim]] and [[Munich]]. He returned to Salzburg. In Salzburg, he worked for the court of the Archbishop of Salzburg. He was restless, aware of his genius, and thought Salzburg too small for his talent. He moved to [[Vienna]] where he had some success. In Vienna, he married [[Constanze Weber]]. They had two sons. He died in Vienna after a brief but unknown illness. Mozart wrote more than 800 musical works. Many have the highest musical quality. His works include the [[opera|operas]] ''[[The Marriage of Figaro]]'', ''[[Don Giovanni]]'', ''[[Cosi fan tutte|Così fan tutte]]'' and ''[[The Magic Flute]]''; the [[symphony|symphonies]] in E-flat major, G minor, and [[Symphony No. 41 "Jupiter" (Mozart)|C major]] ("Jupiter"). He wrote concertos for [[piano]], [[violin]], and different [[wind instruments]]. He also wrote many [[chamber music|chamber pieces]], [[church music]], [[Minuet|minuets]], [[Dance|dances]], songs, and a ''[[Requiem (Mozart)|Requiem]]''. Along with [[Johann Sebastian Bach|Bach]] and [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]], Mozart is viewed as one of the greatest composers who ever lived. == Life == === Family and early years === Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ("Wolfi" or Wolferl") was born in Salzburg to Leopold and Anna Maria Mozart. Leopold was a violinist in the orchestra of the archbishop of Salzburg. He was the author of a best-selling introduction to playing the violin. Young Mozart had great musical talent at a very early age. He was playing the [[harpsichord]] and the [[violin]] at the age of five. He was also writing little pieces of music. Mozart's sister Maria Anna ("Nannerl") was a talented girl. The two children received their musical and academic education from their father. The family toured Europe for a few years. They performed for royals and aristocrats. [[File:Louis Carrogis dit Carmontelle - Portrait de Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Salzbourg, 1756-Vienne, 1791) jouant à Paris avec son père Jean... - Google Art Project.jpg|left|thumb|Leopold, Wolfgang, and Nannerl, about 1763]] Mozart performed in [[Munich]], [[Prague]], [[Paris]], [[The Hague]] and [[London]]. In London, he performed for King [[George III of Great Britain|George III]]. He met the composer [[Johann Christian Bach]], one of the sons of [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]. He sat on the knee of Johann Christian Bach (1735–1782) and improvised a fugue. And here, at the age of eight, he heard his first two symphonies performed. Eventually, the Mozarts made their way back to Salzburg. But in 1768, they were off again to Vienna. In Vienna, the now twelve-year-old Wolfgang staged a production of his first opera, ''Bastien und Bastienne''. And he got sick and had [[smallpox]]. He recovered but his face was pock-marked for life. He went to [[Italy]]. In Italy, he heard music by many famous [[Italy|Italian]] composers. Mozart heard a piece called ''Miserere'' by [[Gregorio Allegri]]. This piece had been written for the [[Pope]] for the [[choir]] of the [[Vatican]] to sing. No one was allowed to see the written music. The reason was so that no one else could copy and sing it. But, Mozart heard the piece once and then wrote it all down from [[memory]]. He met the [[Pope]] and was given a [[knighthood]] (Order of the Golden Spur). In 1777, he went on a journey with his mother. In [[Mannheim]], he fell in love with Aloysia Weber. She was 16 years old and studying [[singing]]. Mozart wanted to take her to Italy to make her famous, but his father stopped these plans. By 1778, Mozart and his mother were in [[Paris]]. His mother died there. Mozart wrote some small operas when he was young, but his first really important opera was ''[[Idomeneo]]''. It was first performed in Munich in 1780. The next year he went to Vienna. By this time he was working, like his father, for the Archbishop of Salzburg. When he went back to Salzburg he argued with the Archbishop. The Archbishop kicked him out for this. Mozart went off to Vienna. He would spend the rest of his life there. In 1782, he married [[Constanze Weber]]. She was one of the three younger sisters of Aloysia (who by now was married to someone else). They had seven children, but five of them died in childhood. Mozart’s father did not approve of the marriage. Constanze was a loving wife, but, like Mozart, she was not good at looking after money so they were often very poor. In that same year, 1782, Mozart wrote another very successful opera: ''[[Die Entführung aus dem Serail]]'' ("The Abduction from the Seraglio"). There is a famous story about the first performance of the opera. The story is about a short [[conversation]] between emperor Joseph II and Mozart. After the emperor heard the opera, he said to Mozart: “too many notes, dear Mozart, too many notes.” Mozart answered: “Just as many as are necessary, Your Majesty.” [[File:Mozart (unfinished) by Lange 1782.jpg|thumb|right|Unfinished portrait of Mozart, 1782]] Mozart started many concerts in which he played his own piano [[concerto]]s. He composed these concertos himself and [[conducting|conducted]] from the keyboard. Mozart's piano concertos are still very popular today. He wrote 27 piano concertos. All the concertos have a number to know which is which. Popular piano concertos are numbers (Nos.) 20, 21, 23, 24 and 27. Many of the concertos are some of Mozart's best works. He met the composer [[Joseph Haydn]] and the two men became great friends. They often played together in a [[string quartet]]. Haydn said to Leopold Mozart one day: "Before God and as an honest man I tell you that your son is the greatest composer known to me either in person or by name. He has taste, and what is more, the most profound knowledge of composition." Mozart was in the same [[freemasonry|Masonic Lodge]] as Haydn. This meant the two were part of a group with similar interests. Mozart [[Dedication|dedicated]] six string quartets to Haydn. They are called the "Haydn" Quartets. There are two famous "Haydn" Quartets. One of them is called the "Hunt" and the other is called "Dissonance." In his later years, Mozart was earning less money than before. [[Aristocrat|Aristocrats]] could not support him with money. The reason was because there was a war. The audiences in Vienna did not give Mozart much support after a few years. That is why he often went to [[Prague]] where the audiences loved him. His opera ''[[The Marriage of Figaro]]'' was very popular. In 1787, he gave the first performance there of his opera ''[[Don Giovanni]]''. === Illness and death === There are several stories about Mozart’s last illness and death, and it is not easy to be sure what happened. He was working on an opera ''[[The Magic Flute]]''. It is one of his best works and a very popular opera today. It is written in [[German language|German]], not [[Italian language|Italian]], like most of his other operas. In some ways, it is like an English [[pantomime]]. At the same time that he was working on this, a stranger asked him to compose a [[requiem]]. The stranger told him to write it in secret. Mozart also had to write an Italian opera ''[[La Clemenza di Tito]]''. The opera was first performed in Prague during September 1791. At the end of September, ''The Magic Flute'' was first performed. Mozart then worked very hard at the ''Requiem''. He must have realized that he was already very ill, and that in a way the requiem (a [[Eucharist|mass]] for the dead) was for himself. He died in [[Vienna]] before he could finish it. Constanze asked another composer, a man called [[Franz Xaver Süssmayr]], to finish the work. Mozart was buried in the St. Marx Cemetery. Mozart had a very simple funeral, even though he was popular. We do not really know exactly why he died, but that it was some disease or illness. === Mozart’s music === Mozart's music, like that of [[Joseph Haydn|Haydn]], is the very best of what we call the [[Classical music period|Classical style]]. At the time Mozart started to compose, the [[Baroque music|Baroque]] period was just coming to an end. Tastes were changing in music. Form, balance and elegance were thought of as more important than [[counterpoint]]. Form is about [[rhythm]], [[melody]], [[harmony]] (how the notes fit together), [[repetition]] and [[Variations (music)|variation]]. Mozart was the first great composer to write music for the piano, an instrument which had only just become popular. He wrote almost every kind of music: [[symphony|symphonies]], operas, solo concertos, [[chamber music]], especially [[string quartet]]s and string quintets, and the piano [[sonata]]. He also wrote a lot of religious music, including [[mass (music)|masses]]. He composed popular music like dances, [[divertimento|divertimenti]] and [[serenade]]s. When Mozart was young, a symphony was usually a short, simple piece for entertainment. Mozart made the symphony into a carefully worked-out piece lasting up to half an hour. His last three symphonies are especially fine masterpieces. They are Symphonies number (shortened as Nos.) 39, 40 and 41. Other popular symphonies are numbers 25, 29, 35, 36 and 38. His concertos, especially his piano concertos, are far more advanced than anything that had been written before. There are many recordings of these concertos, because they are so popular. Although Mozart behaved in truly childish ways at times, he was good at understanding human character. This is clear in his operas, where he introduced many subtle effects to describe the characters in the story. Several of his operas were very complex for the time. Many people did not understand them. Mozart's operas are among his greatest works. He understood people's characters very well. He was able to write music which tells us everything about the [[Personality|personalities]] in the operas. All the operas have a text called a [[libretto]]. Usually, the composer writes the music and someone else writes the text. [[Lorenzo da Ponte|Lorenzo Da Ponte]] wrote the words and text for three famous operas in Italian. These three Italian operas are: ''[[Don Giovanni]]'', ''[[Le Nozze di Figaro]]'' (''The Marriage of Figaro'') and ''[[Cosi fan tutte]]''. Mozart was very good at combining voices. In these operas, there are clever ensembles and several characters sing at the same time. Mozart creates beautiful [[symmetry]] and [[harmony]] with these combined voices. As well as many great masterpieces, Mozart wrote many pieces in a more popular style, including some tunes that everybody knows today. Famous pieces include his serenade ''[[Eine kleine Nachtmusik]] K525,'' the ''Turkish Rondo'' from his ''Piano Sonata in A K331'', the opening of the ''Symphony No. 40 in G minor K550'', and the birdcatcher’s song from ''The Magic Flute K620.'' Mozart used many instruments for composing and performing. In his early years, he got to know pianos made by Franz Jakob Späth from Regensburg. Later in Augsburg Mozart got impressed by pianos from [[Johann Andreas Stein|Stein]]. After moving to Vienna the composer purchased an instrument by [[Anton Walter|Walter]]. Mozart also had his own special violin. It is called the "Klotz" violin. The violin still exists today and is in a museum called the Salzburg Mozarteum. == Catalogue of works == Some time after Mozart’s death a man called Köchel studied all Mozart’s music. Köchel tried to put them in [[chronology|chronological]] order, and gave them a number. The lower numbers are music pieces that Mozart composed when he was young. The higher numbers are for later works. The number helps us to know exactly which work is meant, for example ''Symphony in G minor K183'' is not the same piece as ''Symphony in G minor K550'' (K stands for Köchel. Sometimes it is written "KV550" standing for "Köchel Verzeichnis" i.e. "Köchel Catalogue"). The highest Köchel number is 626, his requiem mass. == Related pages == * [[Amadeus (movie)]] == References == {{reflist}} *Groves Dictionary of Music and Musicians, edited by Stanley Sadie; 1980; {{ISBN|1-56159-174-2}} *Listening To Western Music, written by Craig Wright; ISBN 978-0-495-11627-1 == Other websites == {{sisterlinks|Mozart}} * [http://www.mozartproject.org/index.html The Mozart Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203001710/http://www.mozartproject.org/index.html |date=2016-12-03 }} * [http://www.panoramablick.com Mozart livecams] Live pictures of Mozart Birth house, Mozart Monument, Mozart lives on View and so on. {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus}} [[Category:1756 births]] [[Category:1791 deaths]] [[Category:Austrian composers]] [[Category:Child prodigies]] [[Category:Classical era composers]] [[Category:People from Salzburg]] [[Category:Smallpox survivors]] [[Category:Austrian Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Mozart family|Wolfgang Amadeus]] [[Category:18th-century composers]] hu9yjm7kqvz318f6w9ohb9g12pwvy1z 0 4809 10368608 10179569 2025-07-03T00:54:13Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Map */ Fixed a syntax error of missing verb and a typo of duplication 10368608 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|List of largest countries|the largest countries by population|List of countries and dependencies by population}} [[File:Fuller_projection_with_largest_countries.svg|thumb|right|300px|[[Dymaxion map projection|Dymaxion world map]]{{efn|Excluding [[Antarctica]]}} with the 30 largest countries and territories by area{{efn|Excluding [[overseas territories]]}}.]] {{Pie chart<!-- Ranked by land area intead of total area. --> | caption = The top 10 largest countries occupy more than half of the world's pure land. | other = yes | label1 = [[Russia]] | value1 = 12.6 | label2 = [[China]] | value2 = 7.07 | label3 = [[United States]] | value3 = 7.22 | label4 = [[Canada]] | value4 = 7.36 | label5 = [[Brazil]] | value5 = 6.28 | label6 = [[Australia]] | value6 = 5.60 | label7 = [[India]] | value7 = 2.42 | label8 = [[Argentina]] | value8 = 2.05 | label9 = [[Kazakhstan]] | value9 = 2.01 | label10 = [[Algeria]] | value10 = 1.76 }} The '''list of countries by area''' is the list of the world's countries and their territories by total area. ==Overview== The inputs are realized according to the [[ISO 3166]] standard which includes [[sovereign states]] and [[dependent territory|dependent territories]]. The 193 [[Members of the United Nations]] and the two observer states are numbered. [[List of states with limited recognition|Countries which enjoy limited recognition]] forming part of the international community and not found in [[ISO 3166]] are also included in the list, but their areas also generally count with the areas of other widely recognized states which claim the following territory. ==Areas== The areas claimed by individual countries, such as the areas of [[Antarctica]], are not realized as well. The list doesn't include supranational entities such as the [[European Union]]. The entry includes three subfields: * '''Total area''' is the sum of all [[land]] and [[water]] areas delimited by international boundaries and coastlines. * '''Land area''' is the aggregate of all surfaces delimited by international boundaries and/or coastlines, excluding [[internal waters|inland water bodies]] ([[lakes]], [[reservoirs]], [[rivers]]) * '''Water area''' is the sum of the surfaces of all [[internal waters|inland water bodies]], such as [[lakes]], [[reservoirs]], or [[rivers]], as delimited by international boundaries and/or coastlines. Coastal [[internal waters]] may be included. [[Territorial sea]]s are not included unless otherwise noted. [[Contiguous zone]]s and [[Exclusive Economic Zone]]s are not included. Make sure that there are many country size comparisons which would not match all these countries area. The areas that appear in the table for each country are taken from the [[United Nations Statistics Division]] unless otherwise noted. == Map == [[File:Countries_by_area.svg|thumb|350px|World map except [[Antarctica]], with all countries and territories based on its respective area]] ===Countries and territories by area=== {{sticky header}} {| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" |- bgcolor="#efefef" ! ! Country / dependency ! Total in km² (mi²) ! Land in km² (mi²) ! Water in km² (mi²) ! % of water |- | {{hs|1vend}} || [[File:Flag.svg|20px|border]] ''[[Earth]]'' || {{convert|510720000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|150386640|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|359685360|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 50.0 |- | {{hs|1vend}} || [[File:Flag.svg|20px|border]] ''[[Water]]'' || {{convert|359685360|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|359685360|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 100.0 |- | {{hs|1vend}} || [[File:Flag.svg|20px|border]] ''[[Land]]'' || {{convert|150386640|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|150386640|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.0 |- | {{nts|1}} || {{flag|Russia}}{{efn|The largest country in the world, which spams into 2 continents, the largest [[Russian language|Russian-speaking]] country by area, the largest country in the [[Northern Hemisphere]] and [[Eastern Hemisphere]], and occupied most of [[Eurasia]]. The [[European Russia|European part]] is in [[Europe]] which makes it the largest country in [[Europe]] while the [[Siberia|Asian part]] is in [[Asia]] which makes it the largest country in [[Asia]].}} || {{convert|17098246|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|16377742|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|720500|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 2.0 |- | {{hs|1vend}} || ''{{flagicon image|True South Antarctic Flag.svg}} [[Antarctica]]''{{efn|13,920,000 km² (98%) of the land area is covered by [[ice]] and [[snow]]. Although it is not a country ifsetf, the region is claimed by various countries. The following countries have claims on [[Antarctica]]: [[Argentina]], [[Australia]], [[Chile]], [[France]], [[New Zealand]], [[Norway]] and the [[United Kingdom]].}} || {{convert|14200000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|14200000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.0 |- | {{nts|2}} || {{flag|Canada}}{{efn|Largest [[English language|English]] and [[French language|French-speaking]] country, largest country in the [[Western Hemisphere]], in [[North America]] and the [[Americas]]. Figures include only freshwater areas.}} ||{{convert|9984670|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|9093507|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|891163|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 4.0 |- | rowspan="2" | {{nts|3}}/{{nts|4}} || {{flag|United States}}{{efn|Largest [[English language|English-speaking]] country by land area, largest [[Spanish language|Spanish-speaking]] country and largest country in the [[Western Hemisphere]] by land area (second largest after ([[Canada]]). Figures include territorial waters only but exclude the [[US territories]] and the 2 dependency claims ([[Bajo Nuevo Bank]] and [[Serranilla Bank]])}} || {{convert|9833517|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|9147593|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|685924|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 2.5 |- | {{flag|China}}{{efn|Largest country fully on [[Asia]] and second largest country in [[Asia]]. Excludes [[Taiwan]], the two dependency claims (the [[Paracel Islands]] and the [[Spratly Islands]])and the 2 [[special administrative regions]].}} || {{convert|9596960|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|9326410|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|270550|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 1.5 |- | {{nts|5}} || {{flag|Brazil}}{{efn|The largest [[Portuguese language|Portuguese-speaking]] country and largest country in [[South America]], in [[Latin America]].}} || {{convert|8515767|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|8358140|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|157030|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 1.0 |- | {{nts|6}} || {{flag|Australia}}{{efn|Third-largest [[English language|English-speaking]] country and largest country in [[Oceania]] and the [[Australia (continent)|Australian continent]], largest island country in the world and the largest country fully in the [[Southern Hemisphere]]. Excluding [[External territories of Australia|external territories]] and the [[Australian Antarctic Territory]].}} || {{convert|7741220|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|7682300|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|58920|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 1.0 |- | {{nts|7}} || {{flag|Argentina}}{{efn|Includes [[Argentine Antarctica]], but excludes the disputed territories of the [[Falkland Islands]] and the [[South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands]]. The second-largest [[Spanish language|Spanish-speaking country]] by area and the largest country in the [[Southern Cone]].}} || {{convert|3745997|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|3701913|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|43710|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 2.5 |- | {{nts|8}} || {{flag|India}}{{efn|Includes the [[India-administered Kashmir]]. Largest country in [[South Asia]].}} || {{convert|3287263|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|2973193|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|314070|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 1.0 |- | {{nts|9}} || {{flag|Kazakhstan}}{{efn|Largest [[landlocked country]], second-largest [[Russian language|Russian-speaking country]] after [[Russia]] and the largest country in [[Central Asia]].}} ||{{convert|2724900|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|2699700|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|25200|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.5 |- | {{nts|10}} || {{flag|Algeria}}{{efn|Largest [[Arabic language|Arabic-]] and [[Berber language|Berber-speaking]] country and largest country in [[Africa]], the [[Arab world]] and the [[Arab League]].}} || {{convert|2381740|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|2381740|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.0 |----- | {{nts|11}} || {{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}{{efn|Second-largest [[French language|French-speaking]] country, largest country in [[Sub-Saharan Africa]] and [[Central Africa]]. Second-largest country in [[Africa]], has the largest [[French language|French speaking]] city ([[Kinshasa]]).}} || {{convert|2344858|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|2267048|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|77810|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 1.0 |- | {{nts|12}} || {{flag|Denmark}}{{efn|Largest [[Nordic languages|Nordic-speaking]] country. Figures include [[Metropolitan Denmark]], as well as the 2 self-governing territories. Second-largest generally [[Europe|European]] country, has the largest non-continental island ([[Greenland]]).}} || {{convert|2210573|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|2209923|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|660|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.0 |- | {{hs|end}} || {{flag|Greenland}} ([[Denmark]]){{efn|Largest non-continental island in the world, largest [[administrative division]] in [[Denmark]] and the largest inhabited [[overseas territory]] in the world. A total of 1,755,086 km² (81%) of the land area is covered by [[ice]]. The ice-free areas totals to 410,000 km². 81% of people requested a [[referendum]] for [[independence]].}} || {{convert|2166086|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|2166086|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.0 |- | {{nts|13}} || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}{{efn|Largest country in the [[Middle East]] and [[Western Asia]] and second-largest [[Arabic language|Arabic-speaking]] country after [[Algeria]].}} || {{convert|2149690|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|2149690|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.0 |- | {{nts|14}} || {{flag|Chile}}{{efn|Includes the [[Chilean Antarctic Territory]]. The third-largest [[Spanish language|Spanish-speaking]] in the world by area.}} || {{convert|2006106|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|2003896|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|12290|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.5 |- | {{nts|15}} || {{flag|Mexico}}{{efn|It has the largest [[Spanish language|Spanish-speaking]] city in the world, [[Mexico City]].}} || {{convert|1964375|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|1943945|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|20430|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.5 |- | {{nts|16}} || {{flag|Indonesia}}{{efn|Largest country in [[Southeast Asia]] and the largest island country in the world that is not a continent. Made up only of islands.}} || {{convert|1904569|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|1811569|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|93000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 1.5 |- | {{nts|17}} || {{flag|Sudan}}{{efn|Third-largest [[Arabic language|Arabic-speaking]] country.}}|| {{convert|1861484|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|1731671|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|129813|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 1.0 |- | {{nts|18}} || {{flag|Libya}} || {{convert|1759540|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|1759540|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.0 |- | {{nts|19}} || {{flag|Iran}} || {{convert|1648195|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|1531595|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|116600|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 1.0 |- | {{hs|end}} || ''[[File:Flag.svg|20px|border]] [[Marie Byrd Land]] ([[terra nullius]])''{{efn|Largest [[''terra nullius''|unclaimed territory]] in the world. 1,600,000 (99%) of the land area is covered by [[ice]].}}|| | {{convert|1600000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|1600000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.0 |- | {{nts|20}} || {{flag|Mongolia}}{{efn|Second-largest [[landlocked country]].}}|| {{convert|1564110|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|1553556|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|10560|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.5 |- | {{nts|21}} || {{flag|Peru}} || {{convert|1285216|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|1279996|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|5220|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 1.0 |- | {{nts|22}} || {{flag|Chad}}{{efn|Largest [[landlocked country]] in [[Africa]].}} || {{convert|1284000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|1259200|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|24800|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.5 |- | {{nts|23}} || {{flag|Niger}} || {{convert|1267000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|1266700|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|300|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.0 |- | {{nts|24}} || {{flag|Angola}}{{efn|Second-largest [[Portuguese language|Portuguese-speaking]] country.}} || {{convert|1246700|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|1246700|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.0 |- | {{nts|25}} || {{flag|Mali}} || {{convert|1240192|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|1220190|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|20002|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.5 |- | {{nts|26}} || {{flag|South Africa}}{{efn|Largest country in [[Southern Africa]]}} || {{convert|1221037|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|1214470|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|4620|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.5 |- | {{nts|27}} || {{flag|Colombia}} || {{convert|1141748|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|1038700|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|100210|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.5 |- | {{nts|28}} || {{flag|France}}{{efn|Figures include [[Metropolitan France]], as well as the 5 [[Overseas France|overseas regions]], [[New Caledonia]], the 5 [[autonomous collectivities]] and the 2 other [[overseas territories]] (the [[French Southern and Antarctic Lands]] and [[Clipperton Island]].)}}|| {{convert|1106756|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|1103382|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|3374|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.5 |- | {{nts|29}} || {{flag|Ethiopia}}{{efn|Including [[Tigray Region|Tigray]].}} || {{convert|1104300|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|1096570|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|7730|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.5 |- | {{nts|30}} || {{flag|Bolivia}} || {{convert|1098581|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|1083301|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|15280|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.5 |- | {{nts|31}} || {{flag|Mauritania}} || {{convert|1030700|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|1030700|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.0 |- | {{nts|32}} || {{flag|Egypt}} || {{convert|1002450|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|995450|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|6000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.5 |- | {{nts|33}} || {{flag|Tanzania}} || {{convert|947300|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|885800|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|61500|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 1.5 |- | {{nts|34}} || {{flag|Nigeria}} || {{convert|923768|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|910768|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|13000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 1.0 |- | {{nts|35}} || {{flag|Venezuela}} || {{convert|912050|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|882050|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|30000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 1.0 |- | {{nts|36}} || {{flag|Pakistan}} || {{convert|907132|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|770875|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|25220|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 1.0 |- | {{nts|37}} || {{flag|Namibia}} || {{convert|824292|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|825290|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|1002|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.5 |- | {{nts||38}} || {{flag|Mozambique}}{{efn|The third-largest [[Portuguese language|Portuguese-speaking]] country in the world by area.}}|| {{convert|799380|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|786380|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|13000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 1.0 |- | {{nts|39}} || {{flag|Turkey}} || {{convert|783562|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|769632|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|13930|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 1.0 |- | {{nts|40}} || {{flag|Zambia}} || {{convert|752612|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|743398|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|9220|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.5 |- | {{nts|41}} || {{flag|Myanmar}} || {{convert|676578|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|653508|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|23070|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 1.0 |- | {{nts|42}} || {{flag|Afghanistan}} || {{convert|652230|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|652230|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.0 |- | {{nts|43}} || {{flag|South Sudan}} || {{convert|644239|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|644239|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.0 |- | {{nts|44}} || {{flag|Somalia}} ||{{convert|637657|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|627337|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|10320|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.5 |- | {{nts|45}} || {{flag|Central African Republic}} || {{convert|622984|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|622984|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.0 |- | {{nts|46}} || {{flag|Ukraine}}{{efn|Largest country fully on [[Europe]]. Includes [[Crimea]] and the [[Russo-Ukrainian war|Russian-controlled]] areas.}} || {{convert|603500|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|579330|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|24220|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 1.0 |- | {{nts|47}} || {{flag|Madagascar}}{{efn|Largest [[island country]] in [[Africa]].}} || {{convert|587041|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|581540|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|5501|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.5 |- | {{nts|48}} || {{flag|Botswana}} || {{convert|581730|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|566730|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|15000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 1.0 |- | {{nts|49}} || {{flag|Kenya}}{{efn|Including borders though [[Lake Victoria]].}}|| {{convert|580367|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|569140|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|11227|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.3 |- | {{hs|end}} || ''{{flag|France}} (metropolitan)''{{efn|Excluding the 5 [[Overseas departments and regions of France|overseas regions]], [[New Caledonia]], the 5 [[overseas collectivity|overseas collectivities]] and the 2 [[Overseas territory (France)|overseas territories]].}} || {{convert|551500|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|549970|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|1530|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.5 |- | {{nts|50}} || {{flag|Yemen}} || {{convert|527968|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|527968|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.0 |- | {{nts|51}} || {{flag|Thailand}} || {{convert|513120|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|510890|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|2230|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |- | {{nts|52}} || {{flag|Spain}} || {{convert|505370|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|498980|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|6390|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0 |- | {{nts|53}} || {{flag|Turkmenistan}} || {{convert|488100|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|469930|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|13930|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 3.0 |- | {{nts|54}} || {{flag|Cameroon}} || {{convert|475442|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|472710|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|2730|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 2.0 |- | {{nts|55}} || {{flag|Papua New Guinea}}{{efn|Second-largest country in [[Oceania]] and the [[Australia (continent)|Australian continent]].}}|| {{convert|462840|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|452860|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|9980|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 3.5 |- | {{nts|56}} || {{flag|Sweden}}{{efn|Largest country fully on the [[Nordic region]] and [[Scandinavia]].}}|| {{convert|450295|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|410335|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|39960|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 4.0 |- | {{nts|57}} || {{flag|Uzbekistan}} || {{convert|447400|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|425400|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|22000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 4.0 |- | {{nts|58}} || {{flag|Morocco}} || {{convert|446550|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|446300|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|250|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 1.5 |- | {{hs|end}} || {{flag|French Southern and Antarctic Lands}} ([[France]]){{efn|Includes [[Adelié Land]].}} ||{{convert|439781|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|439781|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.0 |- | {{nts|59}} || {{flag|Iraq}} || {{convert|438317|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|437367|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|950|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 1.5 |- | {{nts|60}} || {{flag|Paraguay}} || {{convert|406752|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|406752|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|9430|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 1.5 |- | {{nts|61}} || {{flag|Zimbabwe}} || {{convert|390757|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|386847|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|9220|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.4 |- | {{nts|62}} || {{flag|Norway}}{{efn|The [[Norway|Kingdom of Norway]] includes [[Svalbard and Jan Mayen]], but excludes [[Bouvet Island]] and the 2 dependency claims ([[Peter I Island]] and [[Queen Maud Land]]).}}|| {{convert|386224|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|366698|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|19520|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.7 |- | {{nts|63}} || {{flag|Japan}} || {{convert|377915|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|364485|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|13430|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.7 |- | {{nts|64}} || {{flag|Germany}} || {{convert|357022|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|348672|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|8350|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.6 |- | {{nts|65}} || {{flag|Republic of the Congo}} || {{convert|342000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|341500|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|500|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0 |- | {{nts|66}} || {{flag|Finland}} || {{convert|338424|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|303815|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|34330|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.9 |- | {{nts|67}} || {{flag|Vietnam}} || {{convert|331212|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|310070|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|21140|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.8 |- | {{nts|68}} || {{flag|Malaysia}} || {{convert|330,621|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|329431|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|1190|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0 |- | {{hs|end}} || ''{{flag|Norway}} (mainland)''{{efn|Excluding [[Svalbard and Jan Mayen]], [[Bouvet Island]] and the 2 dependency claims ([[Peter I Island]] and [[Queen Maud Land]]).}}|| {{convert|323802|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|304282|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|19520|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 1.2 |----- | {{nts|69}} || {{flag|Ivory Coast}} || {{convert|322463|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|318003|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|4460|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.2 |----- | 70 || {{flaglist|Poland}} || align="right" | {{convert|312696|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 71 || {{flaglist|Oman}} || align="right" | {{convert|309500|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 72 || {{flaglist|Italy}} || align="right" | {{convert|301339|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 73 || {{flaglist|Philippines}} || align="right" | {{convert|300000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 74 || {{flaglist|Ecuador}} || align="right" | {{convert|276841|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 75 || {{flaglist|Burkina Faso}} || align="right" | {{convert|274222|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | {{nts|76}} || {{flag|New Zealand}} || {{convert|268838|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|264537|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|4301|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.4 |- | {{nts|77}} || {{flag|Gabon}} || {{convert|267667|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|257667|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|10000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.5 |----- | 78 || {{flaglist|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}} || align="right" | {{convert|266000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 79 || {{flaglist|Guinea}} || {{convert|245857|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|245717|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|140|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0 |----- | 80 || {{flaglist|United Kingdom}} || align="right" | {{convert|242495|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 81 || {{flaglist|Uganda}} || align="right" | {{convert|241550|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 82 || {{flaglist|Ghana}} || align="right" | {{convert|238533|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|227533|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|11000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.7 |----- | 83 || {{flaglist|Romania}} || align="right" | {{convert|238397|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 84 || {{flaglist|Laos}} || align="right" | {{convert|236800|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | {{nts|84}} || {{flag|Guyana}} || {{convert|214969|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|196849|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|18120|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.8 |----- | 86 || {{flaglist|Belarus}}|| align="right" | {{convert|207600|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 87 || {{flaglist|Kyrgyzstan}} || align="right" | {{convert|199951|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 88 || {{flaglist|Senegal}} || align="right" | {{convert|196722|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 89 || {{flaglist|Syria}} || align="right" | {{convert|185180|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | {{nts|90}} || {{flag|Cambodia}} || {{convert|181035|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|176515|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|4520|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 91 || {{flaglist|Uruguay}} || align="right" | {{convert|176215|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 92 || {{flaglist|Somaliland}} || align="right" | {{convert|176120|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 93 || {{flaglist|Suriname}}{{efn|Smallest country located entirely in South America}} || align="right" | {{convert|163820|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 94 || {{flaglist|Tunisia}} || align="right" | {{convert|163610|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 95 || {{flaglist|Bangladesh}} || align="right" | {{convert|147570|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |- | {{nts|96}} || {{flag|Nepal}} || {{convert|147181|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|143351|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|3830|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.8 |----- | 97 || {{flaglist|Tajikistan}} || align="right" | {{convert|143100|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | {{nts|98}} || {{flag|Greece}} || {{convert|131957|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|130617|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|1310|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.1 |----- | 99 || {{flaglist|Nicaragua}} || {{convert|130370|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|119990|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|10830|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.9 |----- | 100 || {{flaglist|North Korea}} || align="right" | {{convert|120540|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | {{nts|99}} || {{flag|Malawi}} || {{convert|118484|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|94080|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|24404|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 1.3 |----- | 102 || {{flaglist|Eritrea}} || align="right" | {{convert|117600|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 103 || {{flaglist|Benin}} || align="right" | {{convert|114763|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 104 || {{flaglist|Honduras}} || align="right" | {{convert|112492|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 105 || {{flaglist|Liberia}} || align="right" | {{convert|111369|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 106 || {{flaglist|Bulgaria}} || align="right" | {{convert|111002|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | {{nts|105}} || {{flag|Cuba}} || {{convert|110860|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|109820|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}}{{convert|1040|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.1 |----- | 108 || {{flaglist|Guatemala}} || {{convert|108889|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|107159|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|1730|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.2 |----- | 109 || {{flaglist|Iceland}} || align="right" | {{convert|103000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 110 || {{flaglist|South Korea}} || align="right" | {{convert|100210|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || {{flaglist|Puntland}} || align="right" |{{convert|97757|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 111 || {{flaglist|Hungary}} || align="right" | {{convert|93028|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 112 || {{flaglist|Portugal}} || align="right" | {{convert|92090|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | {{nts|113}} || {{flag|Jordan}} || {{convert|89342|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|88802|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|540|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0 |----- | 114 || {{flaglist|Serbia}} || align="right" | {{convert|88361|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 115 || {{flaglist|Azerbaijan}} || align="right" | {{convert|86600|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 116 || {{flaglist|Austria}} || align="right" | {{convert|83871|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 117 || {{flaglist|United Arab Emirates}} || align="right" | {{convert|83600|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|French Guiana|local}} ([[France]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|83534|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | {{nts|118}} || {{flag|Czech Republic}} || {{convert|78867|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|77247|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|1620|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.3 |----- | 119 || {{flaglist|Panama}} || align="right" | {{convert|75417|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 120 || {{flaglist|Sierra Leone}} || align="right" | {{convert|71740|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 121 || {{flaglist|Ireland}} || align="right" | {{convert|70273|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | {{nts|122}} || {{flag|Georgia}} || {{convert|69700|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|69700|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0 || 0 |----- | 123 || {{flaglist|Sri Lanka}} || align="right" | {{convert|65610|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 124 || {{flaglist|Lithuania}} || align="right" | {{convert|65300|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 125 || {{flaglist|Latvia}} || align="right" | {{convert|64559|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Svalbard}} ([[Norway]])'' || {{convert|62045|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 126 || {{flaglist|Togo}} || align="right" | {{convert|56785|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |- | {{nts|125}} || {{flag|Croatia}} || {{convert|56594|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|55974|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|620|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 128 || {{flaglist|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} || align="right" | {{convert|51209|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | {{nts|127}} || {{flag|Costa Rica}} || {{convert|51100|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|51060|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|40|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0 |----- | 130 || {{flaglist|Slovakia}} || align="right" | {{convert|49037|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 131 || {{flaglist|Dominican Republic}} || align="right" | {{convert|48671|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 132 ||{{flaglist|Estonia}} || align="right" | {{convert|45227|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |- | {{nts|135}} || {{flag|Netherlands}} || {{convert|41850|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|34100|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|7650|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 2.4 |- | 136 || {{flaglist|Switzerland}} || align="right" | {{convert|41284|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 137 || {{flaglist|Bhutan}} || align="right" | {{convert|38394|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | {{hs|end}} || {{flag|Taiwan}} || {{convert|36193|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |- | {{nts|134}} || {{flag|Guinea-Bissau}} || {{convert|36125|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|28120|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|8005|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.6 |- | {{nts|135}} || {{flag|Moldova}} || {{convert|33851|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|32891|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|960|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.3 |----- | 142 || {{flaglist|Belgium}} || align="right" | {{convert|30528|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 143 || {{flaglist|Lesotho}} || align="right" | {{convert|30355|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 144 || {{flaglist|Armenia}} || align="right" | {{convert|29743|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 145 || {{flaglist|Solomon Islands}} || align="right" | {{convert|28896|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 146 || {{flaglist|Albania}} || align="right" | {{convert|28748|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 147 || {{flaglist|Equatorial Guinea}} || align="right" | {{convert|28051|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 148 || {{flaglist|Burundi}} || align="right" | {{convert|27834|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 149 || {{flaglist|Haiti}} || align="right" | {{convert|27750|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 150 || {{flaglist|Rwanda}} || align="right" | {{convert|26338|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | {{nts|145}} || {{flag|North Macedonia}} || align="right" | {{convert|25713|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|25433|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|280|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.1 |----- | 152 || {{flaglist|Djibouti}} || align="right" | {{convert|23200|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 153 || {{flaglist|Belize}} || align="right" | {{convert|22966|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 154 || {{flaglist|Israel}} || align="right" | {{convert|22072|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 155 || {{flaglist|El Salvador}} || align="right" | {{convert|21041|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 156 || {{flaglist|Slovenia}} || align="right" | {{convert|20273|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |- | {{hs|end}} || {{flag|New Caledonia|FLNKS}} ([[France]]) || {{convert|18575|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|18275|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|300|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |- | {{nts|151}} || {{flag|Fiji}} || {{convert|18274|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|18274|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0 || 0 |- | 158 || {{flaglist|Kuwait}} || align="right" | {{convert|17818|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 159 || {{flaglist|Eswatini}} || align="right" | {{convert|17364|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 160 || {{flaglist|East Timor}} || align="right" | {{convert|14919|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 161 || {{flaglist|The Bahamas}} || align="right" | {{convert|13943|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | {{nts|156}} || {{flag|Montenegro}} || {{convert|13812|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|13452|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|360|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.2 |----- | {{nts|157}} || {{flag|Vanuatu}} ||{{convert|12189|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|12189|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0 || 0 |----- | {{hs|end}} || {{flag|Falkland Islands}} ([[United Kingdom]]) || {{convert|12173|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|12173|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0 || 0 |----- | 164 || {{flaglist|Qatar}} || align="right" | {{convert|11586|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 165 || {{flaglist|The Gambia}} || align="right" | {{convert|11295|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | {{nts|166}} || {{flag|Jamaica}} || {{convert|10991|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|10831|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|160|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0.2 |----- | 167 || {{flaglist|Kosovo}} || align="right" | {{convert|10887|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 168 || {{flaglist|Lebanon}} || align="right" | {{convert|10452|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | {{nts|169}} || {{flag|Cyprus}} || {{convert|9251|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|9241|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || {{convert|10|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} || 0 |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Puerto Rico}} ([[United States]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|9104|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 170 || {{flaglist|Bougainville}} || align="right" | {{convert|8800|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 171 || {{flaglist|Abkhazia}} || align="right" | {{convert|8660|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|United States Minor Outlying Islands}}'' || align="right" | {{convert|6959.41|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 172 || {{flaglist|Palestine}} || align="right" | {{convert|6020|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 173 || {{flaglist|Brunei}} || align="right" | {{convert|5765|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 174 || {{flaglist|Trinidad and Tobago}} || align="right" | {{convert|5130|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|French Polynesia}} ([[France]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|4167|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 175 || {{flaglist|Transnistria}} || align="right" | {{convert|4163|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 176 || {{flaglist|Cape Verde}} || align="right" | {{convert|4033|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}} ([[United Kingdom]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|3903|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 177 || {{flaglist|South Ossetia}} || align="right" | {{convert|3900|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 178 || {{flaglist|Northern Cyprus}} || align="right" | {{convert|3355|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 179 || {{flaglist|Samoa}} || align="right" | {{convert|2842|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Hong Kong}} ([[China]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|2746|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 180 || {{flaglist|Luxembourg}} || align="right" | {{convert|2586|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Réunion|local}} ([[France]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|2512|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''[[Bir Tawil]] ([[Terra nullius]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|2060|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 181 || {{flaglist|Mauritius}} || align="right" | {{convert|2040|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 182 || {{flaglist|Comoros}} || align="right" | {{convert|1862|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Guadeloupe|local}} ([[France]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|1628|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Åland Islands}} ([[Finland]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|1552|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Faroe Islands}} ([[Denmark]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|1393|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Martinique|territorial}} ([[France]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|1128|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Chatham Islands}} ([[New Zealand]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|976|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 183 || {{flaglist|São Tomé and Príncipe}} || align="right" | {{convert|964|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Turks and Caicos Islands}} ([[United Kingdom]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|948|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 184 || {{flaglist|Kiribati}} || align="right" | {{convert|811|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 185 || {{flaglist|Bahrain}} || align="right" | {{convert|778|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 186 || {{flaglist|Dominica}} || align="right" | {{convert|751|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 187 || {{flaglist|Tonga}} || align="right" | {{convert|747|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 188 || {{flaglist|Singapore}} || align="right" | {{convert|716|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 189 || {{flaglist|Federated States of Micronesia}} || align="right" | {{convert|702|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 190 || {{flaglist|Saint Lucia}} || align="right" | {{convert|606|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Auckland Islands}} ([[New Zealand]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|602|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Isle of Man}} ([[United Kingdom]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|572|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Guam}} ([[United States]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|544|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 191 || {{flaglist|Andorra}} || align="right" | {{convert|468|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Northern Mariana Islands}} ([[United States]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|465|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 192 || {{flaglist|Palau}} || align="right" | {{convert|460|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 193 || {{flaglist|Seychelles}} || align="right" | {{convert|452|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Curaçao}} ([[Kingdom of the Netherlands|Netherlands]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|444|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 193 || {{flaglist|Antigua and Barbuda}} || align="right" | {{convert|442|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 194 || {{flaglist|Barbados}} || align="right" | {{convert|430|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Heard Island and McDonald Islands}} ([[Australia]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|412|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 195 || {{flaglist|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} || align="right" | {{convert|389|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Jan Mayen}} ([[Norway]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|377|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Mayotte|local}} ([[France]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|374|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|United States Virgin Islands}} ([[United States]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|347|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 196 || {{flaglist|Grenada}} || align="right" | {{convert|344|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Prince Edward Islands}} ([[South Africa]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|339|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 197 || {{flaglist|Malta}} || align="right" | {{convert|316|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha}} ([[United Kingdom]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|308|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 198 || {{flaglist|Maldives}} || align="right" | {{convert|300|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Bonaire}} ([[Netherlands]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|288|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Cayman Islands}} ([[United Kingdom]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|264|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 199 || {{flaglist|Saint Kitts and Nevis}} || align="right" | {{convert|261|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 200 || {{flaglist|Niue}} || align="right" | {{convert|260|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Akrotiri and Dhekelia}} ([[United Kingdom]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|253.8|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Saint Pierre and Miquelon}} ([[France]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|242|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 201 || {{flaglist|Cook Islands}} || align="right" | {{convert|236|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|American Samoa}} ([[United States]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|199|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 202 || {{flaglist|Marshall Islands}} || align="right" | {{convert|181|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Aruba}} ([[Kingdom of the Netherlands|Netherlands]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|180|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Easter Island}} ([[Chile]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|163|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 203 || {{flaglist|Liechtenstein}} || align="right" | {{convert|160|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |---- | – || ''{{flaglist|Peter I Island}} ([[Norway]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|154|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|British Virgin Islands}} ([[United States]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|151|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Wallis and Futuna}} ([[France]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|142|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Macquarie Island}} ([[Australia]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|140|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Christmas Island}} ([[Australia]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|135|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Jersey}} ([[United Kingdom]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|116|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Campbell Islands}} ([[New Zealand]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|112|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Montserrat}} ([[United Kingdom]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|102|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Anguilla}} ([[United Kingdom]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|91|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Guernsey}} ([[United Kingdom]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|78|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 204 || {{flaglist|San Marino}} || align="right" | {{convert|61|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|British Indian Ocean Territory}} ([[United Kingdom]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|60|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Saint Martin}} ([[France]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|54|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Bermuda}} ([[United Kingdom]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|54|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|San Andrés y Providencia}} ([[Colombia]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|52|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Bouvet Island}} ([[Norway]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|50|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Pitcairn Islands}} ([[United Kingdom]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|47|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Norfolk Island}} ([[Australia]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|40|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Sint Maarten}} ([[Kingdom of the Netherlands|Netherlands]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|34|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Kermadec Islands}}'' ([[New Zealand]]) || align="right" | {{convert|32|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Macau}} ([[China]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|30|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 205 || {{flaglist|Tuvalu}} || align="right" | {{convert|26|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Antipodes Islands}} ([[New Zealand]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|23|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 206 || {{flaglist|Nauru}}{{efn|Smallest island country in the world.}}|| align="right" | {{convert|21|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Saint Barthélemy}} ([[France]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|21|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Sint Eustatius}} ([[Netherlands]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|21|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Ceuta}} ([[Spain]])'' || align="right" |{{convert|19|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Cocos (Keeling) Islands}} ([[Australia]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|14|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Saba}} ([[Netherlands]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|13|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Melilla}} ([[Spain]])'' || align="right" |{{convert|12|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Tokelau}} ([[New Zealand]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|12|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Paracel Islands}} ([[Paracel Islands dispute|disputed]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|7|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Gibraltar}} ([[United Kingdom]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|7|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Alderney}} ([[United Kingdom]])'' || align="right" |{{convert|6|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Clipperton}} ([[France]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|6|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Ashmore and Cartier Islands}} ([[Australia]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|5|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Spratly Islands}} ([[Spratly Islands dispute|disputed]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|5|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Snares Islands}} ([[New Zealand]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|4|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Gornja Siga}} ([[terra nullius]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|4|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Three Kings Islands}} ([[New Zealand]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|3|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Coral Sea Islands}} ([[Australia]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|3|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 207 || {{flaglist|Monaco}}{{efn|Smallest country in the world with a coastline.}}|| align="right" | {{convert|2.02|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | – || ''{{flaglist|Bounty Islands}}{{efn|A part of [[New Zealand]]}} ([[New Zealand]])'' || align="right" | {{convert|1|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |----- | 208 || {{flaglist|Vatican City}}{{efn|Smallest country in the world and smallest country in [[Europe]].}}|| align="right" | {{convert|0.44|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} |} == Graphical charts == The following charts are based on the [[CIA World Factbook]], of which these charts will show how big is the area. For the love of god, sovereign states are green while territories are grey. Territorial claims in [[Antarctica]] are not shown. === Countries greater than 1.5 million km² === {{AreaChartOver1.5Mkm²}} ==Related pages== * [[List of countries and dependencies by population]] * [[List of countries and dependencies by population density]] ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== ''[[CIA World Factbook]]'' {{DEFAULTSORT:countries by area, List of }} [[Category:Lists of countries|*Area]] kkvicbk58btsjfu5lhbuea7qtv3r789 0 4812 10368170 10153095 2025-07-02T19:56:05Z 178.133.144.162 update Canada 10368170 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Global population cartogram.png|thumb|320px|Cartogram of the world population in 2018. Each square represents 500,000 people.]] This is a '''list of [[country|countries]] and [[dependent territory|dependencies]] by [[population]]'''. It includes [[sovereign states]], inhabited [[dependent territory|dependent territories]] and in some cases, constituent countries of [[sovereign states]], with the list being primarily based on the [[ISO]] standard [[ISO 3166-1]]. For instance the [[United Kingdom]] is considered a single entity. In addition this list also includes certain [[List of states with limited recognition|unrecognized states]] not found in [[ISO 3166]]. The number shows how many people live in each country. Countries with the most people are at the top of the list. Countries with the fewest people are at the bottom. ==Method== {{See also|List of countries, List of countries by area, List of countries by population density}} Figures based on our charts are estimates or projections taken from our national census, where national data are available. Where national data are not available, figures are based on the population estimates of the [[United Nations]]. Areas that form integral parts of sovereign states, such as the countries of the [[United Kingdom]] are counted as part of the sovereign state concerned. Not included in the list are organizations such as the [[NATO]]. Other territories that are marked with an asterisk (*) are territories that do not have permanent population, such as the [[British Indian Ocean Territory]] or [[United States Minor Outlying Islands]]. ==Sovereign states and dependencies by population== <!-- PLEASE READ BEFORE EDITING! WHEN YOU UPDATE A COUNTRY'S POPULATION - PLEASE ALSO UPDATE THE EXPRESSION NEXT TO IT (column "% of world population") WITH THE SAME NUMBER EXCLUDING COMMAS (the #expr: equation). --> Note: All 193 [[Members of the United Nations]] plus the two observer states are assigned a numbered rank. Dependent territories or constituent countries that are parts of sovereign states are not assigned a numbered rank. In addition, [[List of states with limited recognition|sovereign states with limited recognition]] are also included, but not assigned a number rank. {{sticky header}}{{sort under}}{{mw-datatable}}{{table alignment}} {| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header sort-under mw-datatable col2left col6left" {{right}} |+ List of countries and territories by total population !Number ! Location ! Population ! style=width:2em | % of{{br}}world ! Date ! {{nowrap|Source (official or from}}{{br}}the [[United Nations]]) ! class="unsortable"| |- | | '''{{noflag|World}}''' | {{formatnum:{{worldpop}}}} || {{center|100%}} || {{dts|{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}} 2024|abbr=on}} | UN projection<ref name="unpop">{{cite web |author=United Nations |title=World Population Prospects 2022 |url=https://population.un.org/wpp/ |access-date=10 Nov 2022 |website=population.un.org |archive-date=5 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205234912/https://population.un.org/wpp/ |url-status=live }}</ref>|| | |- |1 | {{flag|China}} | {{n+p|1409670000|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=3|disp=table}} || {{dts|3 Dec 2023|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |title=10. Total Population Declined and Urbanization Rate Continued to Grow (2023) |url=https://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202401/t20240117_1946605.html |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] (NBSC) |website=www.stats.gov.cn |date=2024-01-17 |access-date=2024-01-20}}</ref> || {{efn|Refers to [[Mainland China]]; does not include China's [[special administrative regions of China|special administrative regions]] of [[Hong Kong]] and [[Macau]].f}} | |- |2 | {{flag|India}} | {{n+p|1404910000|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=3|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2024|abbr=on}} | Official projection<ref>{{cite web |title=Projected Total Population by Sex as on 1st July 2011-2036: India, States and Union Territories (pg.83) |url=https://main.mohfw.gov.in/sites/default/files/Population%20Projection%20Report%202011-2036%20-%20upload_compressed_0.pdf |publisher=[[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]] |website=www.main.mohfw.gov.in |date=9 July 2020 |access-date=2 July 2024 |archive-date=4 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604151511/https://main.mohfw.gov.in/sites/default/files/Population%20Projection%20Report%202011-2036%20-%20upload_compressed_0.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Official projection{{right|}} {{efn|Includes the population of the [[Kashmir conflict|India-administered]] [[union territory|union territories]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], and [[Ladakh]].}} | |- |3 | {{flag|United States}} | {{n+p| 335893238|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=2|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 January 2024|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2023/population-new-years-day.html |title = Happy New Year 2024! |date = 29 Dec 2023 |website = census.gov |access-date = 17 Nov 2023}}</ref>|| {{efn|Includes the [[list of states and territories of the United States|50 states]] and the [[Washington, D.C.|District of Columbia]], but does not inlucde the [[territories of the United States]].}} |- |4 | {{flag|Indonesia}} | {{n+p|281603800|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=2|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2024|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/page/read/data-kependudukan |publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (Indonesia)]] |title=Indonesian Population June 2023 |access-date=2 July 2024 |archive-date=28 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028112853/https://dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/page/read/data-kependudukan |url-status=live}}</ref>|| |- |5 | {{flag|Pakistan}} | {{n+p|241499431|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=2|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 March 2023|abbr=on}} | 2023 census result<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Pakistan.pdf |title=Announcement of Results of 7th Population and Housing Census-2023 'The Digital Census' |date=5 August 2023 |website=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (www.pbs.gov.pk) |access-date=14 August 2023 |archive-date=14 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814181311/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Pakistan.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> || {{efn|Includes the population of [[Kashmir conflict|Pakistan-administered]] [[Azad Kashmir]] and [[Gilgit-Baltistan]].}} |- |6 | {{flag|Nigeria}} | {{n+p|223800000|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=2|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2023|abbr=on}} | Official projection<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cdn.sanity.io/files/5otlgtiz/production/d7fb94a5c16220cd7559ac066f95f9d53a433ac8.pdf |title=The annual population lecture series - APLS (pg.1 and pg.159) |publisher=National Population Commission - NPC Nigeria |website=www.nationalpopulation.gov.ng |date=22 November 2023 |access-date=11 March 2024}}</ref> || |- |7 | {{flag|Brazil}} | {{n+p|203080756|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=2|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Aug 2022|abbr=on}} | 2022 census result<ref>{{cite web |url = https://censo2022.ibge.gov.br/panorama/ |title = Overview of the 2022 Census |website = censo2022.ibge.gov.br |access-date = 29 Jun 2023 |archive-date = 28 June 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230628195406/https://censo2022.ibge.gov.br/panorama/ |url-status = live }}</ref> || |- |8 | {{flag|Bangladesh}} | {{n+p|169828911|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=2|disp=table}} || {{dts|14 Jun 2022|abbr=on}} | 2022 census result<ref>{{cite web |title=Population & Housing Census 2022 - Post Enumeration Check (PEC) Adjusted Population |url=https://bbs.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bbs.portal.gov.bd/page/b343a8b4_956b_45ca_872f_4cf9b2f1a6e0/2023-04-18-08-42-4f13d316f798b9e5fd3a4c61eae4bfef.pdf |website=Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (www.bbs.gov.bd) |date=2023-04-18 |access-date=2023-08-24 |language=en |archive-date=24 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824082228/https://bbs.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bbs.portal.gov.bd/page/b343a8b4_956b_45ca_872f_4cf9b2f1a6e0/2023-04-18-08-42-4f13d316f798b9e5fd3a4c61eae4bfef.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Russia}} | {{n+p|146150789|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=2|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2024|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |title= Оценка численности постоянного населения на 1 января 2024 г. и в среднем за 2023 [Estimated permanent population on 1 January 2024 and average 2023] |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/OkPopul_Comp2024_Site.xlsx |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Russian Federal State Statistics Service (Росстат)]] |website= www.rosstat.gov.ru |access-date=2024-04-11 |language=ru}}</ref> || {{efn|Includes the [[Republic of Crimea (Russia)|Republic of Crimea]] and [[Sevastopol]], administrative areas on the [[Crimea|Crimean Peninsula]] occupied by Russia. The population does not include the [[Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts of Ukraine|four annexed Ukrainian oblasts]]. The Ukrainian government and [[Political status of Crimea|most of the world's other states]] consider the Crimean Peninsula, [[Donetsk Oblast|Donetsk]], [[Kherson Oblast|Kherson]], [[Luhansk Oblast|Luhansk]] and [[Zaporizhzhia Oblast|Zaporizhzhia]] parts of [[Administrative divisions of Ukraine|Ukraine's territory]].}} |- | | {{flag|Mexico}} | {{n+p|129713690|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=2|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 Mar 2024|abbr=on}} | National quarterly estimate<ref>*data provided by [https://www.inegi.org.mx/sistemas/Infoenoe/Default_15mas.aspx INEGI → ENOE]* {{cite web |title=Mexico Population |url=https://www.economy.com/mexico/population/not-seasonally-adjusted |publisher=Moody's Analytics |website=www.economy.com |access-date=2024-05-28}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Japan}} | {{n+p|123960000|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=2|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2024|abbr=on}} | Monthly national estimate<ref>{{Cite news |title=Population Estimates by Age (Five-Year Groups) and Sex |work=[[Statistics Bureau (Japan)|Statistics Bureau of Japan]] |url=https://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/jinsui/tsuki/index.htm |access-date=2024-04-28 |archive-date=1 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401013551/https://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/jinsui/tsuki/index.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>|| |- | | {{flag|Philippines}} | {{n+p|114163719|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=2|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2024|abbr=on}} | Official projection<ref>{{cite web |url = https://psa.gov.ph/statistics/census/projected-population |title = Population Projection Statistics |date = 28 Mar 2021 |website = psa.gov.ph |access-date = 15 Nov 2023}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Ethiopia}} | {{n+p|109499000|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=2|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2024|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.statsethiopia.gov.et/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Projected_Population-2024.pdf |title=Population Size by Sex, Area and Density by Region, Zone and Wereda: July 2024 |website=www.statsethiopia.gov.et |publisher=Ethiopian Statistical Service (ESS) |access-date=2024-07-07 |archive-date=2024-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707022122/https://www.statsethiopia.gov.et/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Projected_Population-2024.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Egypt}} | {{n+p|105,914,499 |{{worldpop}}|sigfig=2|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2024|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.capmas.gov.eg/Admin/Pages%20Files/20245121324361-%20pop_new.pdf |title=Egypt in Figures 2024 - Population Estimates By Sex & Governorate 1/1/2024 |publisher=[[Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (Egypt)|CAPMAS]] |website=www.capmas.gov.eg |date=2024-03-01 |access-date=2024-05-28}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Vietnam}} | {{n+p|100300000|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=2|disp=table}} || {{dts|July 2023|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref name="gso-pop">{{cite web |title=Tổng cục Thống kê: Báo cáo tình hình kinh tế – xã hội quý IV và năm 2023|url=https://www.gso.gov.vn/bai-top/2023/12/bao-cao-tinh-hinh-kinh-te-xa-hoi-quy-iv-va-nam-2023/ |date=29 Dec 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619093316/https://zingnews.vn/tong-cuc-thong-ke-dan-so-viet-nam-da-vuot-100-trieu-nguoi-vao-thang-4-post1441206.html |archive-date=19 June 2023 |website=Zing News}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} | {{n+p|98370000|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=2|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2019|abbr=on}} | Official figure<ref>{{cite web |url = https://ins.cd/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/ANNUAIRE-STATISTIQUE-2020.pdf |title = Annuaire Statistique RDC 2020 |at = p29 |date = 1 Mar 2021 |website = ins.cd |access-date = 25 Jun 2023 |archive-date = 12 February 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230212172734/https://ins.cd/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/ANNUAIRE-STATISTIQUE-2020.pdf |url-status = dead}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Turkey}} | {{n+p|85372377|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=2|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 Dec 2023|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=The-Results-of-Address-Based-Population-Registration-System-2023-49684&dil=2 |title=The Results of Address Based Population Registration System, 2023 |publisher=[[Turkish Statistical Institute]] |website=www.tuik.gov.tr |date=6 February 2024 |access-date=6 February 2024}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Iran}} | {{n+p|85000000|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=2|disp=table}} || {{dts|16 May 2023|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url= https://wanaen.com/irans-population-crossed-the-border-of-85-million-people/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517161108/https://wanaen.com/irans-population-crossed-the-border-of-85-million-people/ |archive-date=2023-05-17 |title= Iran's population crossed the border of 85 million people |website=wanaen.com |access-date=16 Jun 2024}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Germany}} | {{n+p|84673158|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=2|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 Mar 2024|abbr=on}} | National quarterly estimate<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.destatis.de/EN/Themes/Society-Environment/Population/Current-Population/Tables/liste-current-population.html |title = Population by nationality and sex 2023 |website = destatis.de |access-date = 30 Sep 2023 |archive-date = 1 September 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200901043841/https://www.destatis.de/EN/Themes/Society-Environment/Population/Current-Population/Tables/liste-current-population.html |url-status = live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|France}} | {{n+p|68449000|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jun 2024|abbr=on}} | Monthly national estimate<ref>{{cite web |title=Démographie - Population au début du mois - France (inclus Mayotte à partir de 2014) |url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/serie/001641607 |publisher=INSEE |website=www.insee.fr |access-date= 29 Jun 2024 |archive-date=10 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010115405/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/serie/001641607 |url-status=live }}</ref> || {{efn|Includes the integral 18 [[regions of France]] (including 5 [[Overseas departments and regions of France|overseas departments and regions]]). Does not include France's 5 [[Overseas collectivity|overseas collectivities]]: [[French Polynesia]], [[Saint Barthélemy]], [[Collectivity of Saint Martin|Saint Martin]], [[Saint Pierre and Miquelon]], and [[Wallis and Futuna]], and the sui generis collectivity of [[New Caledonia]], which are shown separately. The [[French Southern and Antarctic Lands]] (an Antarctic territorial claim hosting only government officials and research station staff) and [[Clipperton Island]] (an uninhabited state private property of France) are not listed at all due to their extraordinary nature.}} |- | | {{flag|United Kingdom}} | {{n+p|{{UK subdivision population|GSS=K02000001}}|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|June {{UK subdivision statistics year}}|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{UK subdivision statistics citation}}</ref> || {{efn|Does not include the three [[Crown Dependencies|British Crown Dependencies]] and the 14 [[British Overseas Territories]], listed separately. Four British Overseas Territories are not listed due to their extraordinary nature. The four not listed are ''[[British Antarctic Territory]]'' (an Antarctic territorial claim hosting only government officials and research station staff), the [[British Indian Ocean Territory]] (a military base), [[South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands]] (hosts only government officials and research station staff), and the [[Akrotiri and Dhekelia|Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia]] (a military base where permanent residency is limited to citizens of the [[Cyprus|Republic of Cyprus]]).}} |- | | {{flag|Thailand}} | {{n+p|65990480|{{worldpop}} |sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 May 2024|abbr=on}} | Monthly national estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://stat.bora.dopa.go.th/stat/statnew/statMONTH/statmonth/#/mainpage |title=สถิติประชากรทางการทะเบียนราษฎร(รายเดือน) - Official population statistics from the civil registration (monthly) |last=จำนวนประชากร (population) → ขอบเขตข้อมูล (data scope - year, month) → ยอดรวมข้อมูล (total data) |publisher=The Bureau of Registration Administration (BORA) |website=www.bora.dopa.go.th |access-date=28 May 2024 |language=thai}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Tanzania}} | {{n+p|65070448|{{worldpop}} |sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2024|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/tanzania/cities//cities/ |title=National Population Projections |date=Feb 2018 |website=National Bureau of Statistics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142155/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/census2012/Projection-Report-20132035.pdf |archive-date=12 Jun 2018 }}</ref> || {{efn|Includes [[Zanzibar]].}} |- | | {{flag|South Africa}} | {{n+p|62027503|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|2 Feb 2022|abbr=on}} | 2022 census result<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/P03014_Census_2022_Statistical_Release.pdf |title=Census 2022 - Statistical Release |publisher=Government of South Africa |website=www.gov.za |date=10 October 2023 |access-date=15 October 2023 |archive-date=15 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015192129/https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/P03014_Census_2022_Statistical_Release.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Italy}} | {{n+p|58968501|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|30 Apr 2024|abbr=on}} | Monthly national estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://demo.istat.it/app/?i=D7B |title=ISTAT - Bilancio Demografico Mensile / Monthly Demographic Balance |publisher=Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (Istat) |website=demo.istat.it |language=it |access-date=2024-07-02 |archive-date=17 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117173414/https://demo.istat.it/app/?i=D7B |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Myanmar}} | {{n+p|56712559|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2024|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=https://myanmar.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/4F_Population%20Projections.pdf |title=Thematic Report on Population Projections for The Union of Myanmar, States/Regions, Rural and Urban Areas, 2014 - 2050 |access-date = 2 Jul 2024 |publisher = Department of Population |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200924221152/https://myanmar.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/4F_Population%20Projections.pdf |archive-date=24 Sep 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Colombia}} | {{n+p|52695952|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2024|abbr=on}} | Official projection<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dane.gov.co/files/censo2018/proyecciones-de-poblacion/Nacional/DCD-area-proypoblacion-Nac-2020-2070.xlsx |title=Proyecciones de Población DANE |access-date=10 April 2023 |archive-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410005852/https://www.dane.gov.co/files/censo2018/proyecciones-de-poblacion/Nacional/DCD-area-proypoblacion-Nac-2020-2070.xlsx |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Kenya}} | {{n+p|52428290|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2024|abbr=on}} | Official projection<ref>{{cite web |date=Sep 2022 |title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Results: Analytical Report on Population Projections, Vol XVI (Table 3.1: Projected Population, Kenya, 2020-2045) |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/download/2019-kphc-analytical-report-on-population-projections-vol-xvi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204110524/https://www.knbs.or.ke/download/2019-kphc-analytical-report-on-population-projections-vol-xvi/ |archive-date=4 Dec 2022 |access-date=25 Jun 2023 |website=knbs.or.ke |publisher=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics |page=23}}</ref>|| |- | | {{flag|South Korea}} | {{n+p|51285153|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|30 Apr 2024|abbr=on}} | Monthly national estimate<ref>{{cite web |title=Resident population by City, County, and District |url=https://kosis.kr/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=101&tblId=DT_1B040A3&conn_path=I2&language=en |publisher=[[Statistics Korea|Statistics Korea (KOSTAT)]] → Korean Statistical Information Service (KOSIS) |website=www.kostat.go.kr |access-date=2024-05-28}}</ref>|| |- | | {{flag|Spain}} | {{n+p|48692804|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 April 2024|abbr=on}} | National quarterly estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/en/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736177095&menu=ultiDatos&idp=1254735572981 |title=Population resident in Spain - Latest data |publisher=[[National Statistics Institute (Spain)|INE España]] |website=www.ine.es |access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Argentina}} | {{n+p|47067441|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2024|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indec.gob.ar/indec/web/Nivel3-Tema-2-24 |title=Proyecciones y estimaciones |publisher=INDEC |website=www.indec.gob.ar |access-date=2024-07-03 |archive-date=9 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609202751/https://www.indec.gob.ar/indec/web/Nivel3-Tema-2-24 |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Algeria}} | {{n+p|46700000|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2024|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ons.dz/IMG/pdf/Demographie_Algerienne2020_2023.pdf |title=DEMOGRAPHIE ALGERIENNE 2020 à 2025 |publisher=[[National Office of Statistics]] (ONS) |website=www.ons.dz |date=July 2024 |access-date=14 Jul 2024 |language=French}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Uganda}} | {{n+p| 45935046|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|10 May 2024|abbr=on}} | 2024 census result<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ubos.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/National-Population-and-Housing-Census-2024-Preliminary-Report.pdf |title=NPHC 2024 – Preliminary Results |access-date=16 July 2024 }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Iraq}} | {{n+p|44414800|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2024|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2 Jul 2024 |title=Estimated population of Iraq for the period (2015-2030)|url=http://cosit.gov.iq/ar/2013-01-31-08-43-38 |website=cosit.gov.iq |archive-date=3 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203214014/http://cosit.gov.iq/ar/2013-01-31-08-43-38 |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Sudan}} | {{n+p|41984500|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2018|abbr=on}} | Official projection<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.citypopulation.de/en/sudan/ |title = Sudan |date = 5 Sep 2019 |website = City Population |access-date = 25 Jun 2023 |archive-date = 26 June 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230626083830/http://www.citypopulation.de/en/sudan/ |url-status = live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Canada}} | {{n+p|41548787|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 April 2025|abbr=on}} | National quarterly estimate<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000901 |title = Population estimates, quarterly |date = 31 March 2025 |website = statcan.gc.ca |access-date = 31 March 2025}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Poland}} | {{n+p|37582000|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|30 Apr 2024|abbr=on}} | Monthly national estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/other-studies/informations-on-socio-economic-situation/statistical-bulletin-no-52024,4,163.html |title=Statistical Bulletin No 5/2024 → Population |publisher=[[Statistics Poland]] (GUS) |website=www.stat.gov.pl |date=2024-06-25 |access-date=2024-06-29}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Morocco}} | {{n+p|37369652|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2024|abbr=on}} | Official projection<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.hcp.ma/Population-du-Maroc-par-annee-civile-en-milliers-et-au-milieu-de-l-annee-1960-2050_a3526.html |title = Population of Morocco by calendar year |website = hcp.ma |access-date = 2 Jul 2024}}</ref> || {{efn|Does not include the [[territorial dispute|disputed territory]] of [[Western Sahara]] ([[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]]).}} |- | | {{flag|Uzbekistan}} | {{n+p|36963262|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Apr 2024|abbr=on}} | National quarterly estimate<ref>{{cite web |url = https://stat.uz/en/ |title = Uzbekistan by the Numbers |website = stat.uz |access-date=30 Apr 2024 |archive-date = 13 September 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230913103557/https://stat.uz/en/ |url-status = live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Ukraine}} | {{n+p|36700000|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2023|abbr=on}} | UN estimate<ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Ukraine - Population (by estimate) as of 2023 |website=United Nations Population Fund |publisher=United Nations |url=https://www.unfpa.org/data/world-population/UA}}</ref> || {{efn|Does not include the [[Autonomous Republic of Crimea]] and the city of [[Sevastopol]].}} |- | | {{flag|Angola}} | {{n+p| 35121734|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jun 2024|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ine.gov.ao/ |title=Início |website=www.ine.gov.ao |access-date=2 Jul 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601043657/https://www.ine.gov.ao/ |archive-date=1 Jun 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Afghanistan}} | {{n+p|34262840|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2023|abbr=on}} |Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url = http://nsia.gov.af:8080/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84-1401_compressed.pdf |title = Estimated Population of Afghanistan 2022-23 |access-date = 4 Jul 2023 |archive-date = 16 July 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230716103803/http://nsia.gov.af:8080/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84-1401_compressed.pdf |url-status = live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Peru}} | {{n+p|34038457|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2024|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1665/index.html |title=Estimaciones y Proyecciones de la Población Nacional, 1950-2070 (3. Resultados) |publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática|INEI - Peru]] |website=www.gob.pe |access-date=2 July 2024}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Malaysia}} | {{n+p|33980600|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 Mar 2024|abbr=on}} | National quarterly estimate<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.dosm.gov.my/portal-main/release-content/demographic-statistics-first-quarter-2024 |title = Demographic Statistics, First Quarter 2024 |website = dosm.gov.my |access-date = 23 Jun 2024 }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Mozambique}} | {{n+p|32419747|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2022|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ine.gov.mz |title=Projecções da População — Instituto Nacional de Estatistica |website=www.ine.gov.mz |access-date=18 Apr 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307181608/http://www.ine.gov.mz/noticias/projeccoes-da-populacao-2017-2050 |archive-date=7 Mar 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} | {{n+p|32175224|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|10 May 2022|abbr=on}} | 2022 census result<ref>{{cite web |title = Overall count of population |url = https://portal.saudicensus.sa/portal |publisher = General Statistics Authority - Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |website = portal.saudicensus.sa |access-date = 5 Jul 2023 |archive-date = 28 July 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230728002753/https://portal.saudicensus.sa/portal |url-status = live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Yemen}} | {{n+p|31888698|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2022|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://moh.gov.ye/storage/1399/HeRAMS_Yemen_Baseline_Report_2023-NCD_and_Mental_Health.pdf |title=Annex II: Population estimations (pg.43) |publisher=Yemeni Ministry Of Health |website=www.moh.gov.ye/en |date=16 Jul 2023 |access-date=23 Sep 2023 |archive-date=2 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002083024/https://moh.gov.ye/storage/1068/HeRAMS_YEM_baseline_2023-Communicable_Diseases_20230707_draft.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Ghana}} | {{n+p|30832019|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|27 Jun 2021|abbr=on}} | 2021 census result<ref>{{cite web |url = https://census2021.statsghana.gov.gh/gssmain/fileUpload/reportthemelist/Volume%203%20Highlights.pdf |date = 1 Feb 2022 |title = Population and Regions and Districts Report - Volume 3 Highlights |access-date = 4 Jul 2023 |archive-date = 4 July 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230704062216/https://census2021.statsghana.gov.gh/gssmain/fileUpload/reportthemelist/Volume%203%20Highlights.pdf |url-status = live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Madagascar}} | {{n+p|30811969|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2024|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.instat.mg/documents/upload/main/INSTAT-RGPH3_Projectionsdemographiques.pdf |title=Projections démographiques |website=instat.mg |access-date=2 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615103016/https://www.instat.mg/documents/upload/main/INSTAT-RGPH3_Projectionsdemographiques.pdf |archive-date=15 Jun 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Ivory Coast}} | {{n+p|29389150|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|14 Dec 2021|abbr=on}} | 2021 census result<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ins.ci/n |title=Institut National de la Statistique (INS) - RGPH-2021 Résultats globaux |website=www.ins.ci |access-date=10 Aug 2022 |archive-date=10 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310230400/http://www.ins.ci/n |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Nepal}} | {{n+p|29164578|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|25 Nov 2021|abbr=on}} | 2021 census result<ref>{{cite web |url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results |title=National Population and Housing Census 2021 |website=www.cbs.gov.np |access-date=28 Mar 2023 |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327230350/http://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Cameroon}} | {{n+p|28758503|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2024|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ins-cameroun.cm/document/projections-demographiques-et-estimations-des-cibles-prioritaires-des-differents-programmes-et-interventions-de-sante/ |title=Projections demographiques et estimations des cibles prioritaires des differents programmes et interventions de sante |publisher=INS du Cameroun |website=www.ins-cameroun.cm |date=2023-06-30 |access-date=2 July 2024 |archive-date=2 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002083019/https://ins-cameroun.cm/document/projections-demographiques-et-estimations-des-cibles-prioritaires-des-differents-programmes-et-interventions-de-sante/ |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Venezuela}} | {{n+p|28302000|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|30 Jun 2019|abbr=on}} | Official projection<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.citypopulation.de/en/venezuela/cities/ |title = Venezuela |date = 11 May 2019 |website = City Population |access-date = 27 Jun 2023 |archive-date = 15 May 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190515111338/https://www.citypopulation.de/en/venezuela/cities/ |url-status = live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Australia}} | {{n+p|27,282,542|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|21 June 2024|abbr=on}} | Official projection<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/population-clock-pyramid |title = Population clock and pyramid |date = 23 Mar 2024 |website = abs.gov.au |access-date = 23 Mar 2024}}</ref> || {{efn|Does not include the outside territories of [[Christmas Island]], the [[Cocos (Keeling) Islands]], and [[Norfolk Island]].}} |- | | {{flag|Niger}} | {{n+p|26312034|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2024|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stat-niger.org/projections/ |title=Projections démographiques du Niger Horizon 2012-2024 (extraction de donnees) |publisher=INSN |website=www.stat-niger.org |access-date=2 July 2024 |archive-date=10 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610170556/https://www.stat-niger.org/projections/ |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|North Korea}} | {{n+p|25660000|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2021|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.searo.who.int/dprkorea/documents/population-projection-dprk-2014-50.pdf |title=Democratic People's Republic of Korea Population Projection (2014–2050) |access-date=16 Oct 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412033819/http://www.searo.who.int/dprkorea/documents/population-projection-dprk-2014-50.pdf |archive-date=12 Apr 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>|| |- | | {{flag|Taiwan}} | {{n+p|23413608|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 May 2024|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eng.stat.gov.tw/point.asp?index=9 |title=National Statistics, Taiwan |website=eng.stat.gov.tw |access-date=23 Jun 2024 |archive-date=31 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131125043/https://eng.stat.gov.tw/point.asp?index=9 |url-status=live}}</ref> || {{efn|[[Taiwan]] includes [[Penghu]], [[Kinmen]], [[Matsu Islands|Matsu]] and other minor islands.}} |- | | {{flag|Burkina Faso}} | {{n+p|23409015|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2024|abbr=on}} | National projection<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.insd.bf/sites/default/files/2023-02/VOLUME%204%20PROJECTIONS%20DEMOGRAPHIQUES%202020%202035%20RGPH%20%C3%A9dition%202-%2006-02-2023.pdf |title=PROJECTIONS DEMOGRAPHIQUES 2020-2035 |publisher=INSD Burkina Faso |website=www.insd.bf |date=January 2023 |access-date=2 July 2024}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Syria}} | {{n+p|22923000|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2021|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.citypopulation.de/en/syria/ |title = Syrian Arab Republic |date = 25 Sep 2022 |website = City Population |access-date = 15 May 2023 |archive-date = 3 June 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230603085127/https://www.citypopulation.de/en/syria/ |url-status = live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Mali}} | {{n+p|22395489|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|15 Jun 2022|abbr=on}} | 2022 census result<ref>{{cite web |url=https://instat-mali.org/fr |title=TAILLE DE LA POPULATION EN 2022 (HBTS) (SOURCE RÉSULTATS RGPH5) |publisher=INSTAT Mali |website=www.instat-mali.org/fr |date=2023-08-10 |access-date=2023-09-23 |archive-date=3 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003092311/https://instat-mali.org/fr |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Malawi}} | {{n+p|22245431|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2023|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nsomalawi.mw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=136%3Amalawi-table-30-population-by-age-and-sex&catid=8&Itemid=3 |title=Malawi: Table 3.0 :Population by Age and Sex |access-date=6 July 2022 |archive-date=6 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706110200/http://www.nsomalawi.mw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=136:malawi-table-30-population-by-age-and-sex&catid=8&Itemid=3 |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Sri Lanka}} | {{n+p|22037000|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2023|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/Population/StaticalInformation/VitalStatistics/ByDistrictandSex |title=Mid-year Population Estimates by District & Sex, 2014 - 2023 |website=statistics.gov.lk |access-date=26 Sep 2023 |archive-date=14 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014212854/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/Population/StaticalInformation/VitalStatistics/ByDistrictandSex |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Kazakhstan}} | {{n+p|20118478|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 May 2024|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://stat.gov.kz/en/ |title=Population |publisher=QAZSTAT |website=www.stat.gov.kz |access-date=23 Jun 2024}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Chile}} | {{n+p|19960889|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|30 Jun 2023|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ine.cl/estadisticas/sociales/demografia-y-vitales/proyecciones-de-poblacion |title = Proyecciones de población |website =www.ine.cl |access-date=30 Sep 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200828051041/https://www.ine.cl/estadisticas/sociales/demografia-y-vitales/proyecciones-de-poblacion |archive-date=28 Aug 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Zambia}} | {{n+p|19610769|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|14 Sep 2022|abbr=on}} | 2022 census result<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lusakatimes.com/2022/12/24/preliminary-data-shows-population-grew-from-13-1-million-in-2010-to-19-6-million-in-2022/ |title=Preliminary data shows Population grew from 13.1 million in 2010 to 19.6 million in 2022 |website=www.zamstats.gov.zm |date=24 Dec 2022 |access-date=27 Dec 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227142047/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=27 Dec 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Romania}} | {{n+p|19051562|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2023|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/com_presa/com_pdf/poprez_ian2023r.pdf |title=Populaţia rezidentă la 1 Ianuarie 2023 |language=ro |trans-title= |publisher=INSSE |website=insse.ro |access-date=30 August 2023 |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830090953/https://insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/com_presa/com_pdf/poprez_ian2023r.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Chad}} | {{n+p|18675547|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2024|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.inseed.td/ |website=www.inseed-td|publisher=Institut National de la Statistique, des Etudes Economiques et Démographiques |title=Population* 2024 |access-date=2 July 2024 |archive-date=14 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014184620/https://www.inseed.td/ |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Somalia}} | {{n+p|18143379|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2023|abbr=on}} | UN projection<ref name="unpop" /> || {{efn|Includes [[Somaliland]].}} |- | | {{flag|Senegal}} | {{n+p|18126390|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|15 May 2023|abbr=on}} | 2023 census result<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ansd.sn/sites/default/files/recensements/rapport/rapport_national/RGPH-5_Rapport%20global-Prov-juillet2024_0.pdf |title=RAPPORT PROVISOIRE, PGPH-5, 2023 |access-date=16 July 2024 }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Netherlands}} | {{n+p|17977676|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 May 2024|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/en/dataset/83474ENG/table?ts=1712804860730 |title=Population dynamics - month and year |website=www.opendata.cbs.nl |publisher=Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek |date=28 June 2024 |access-date=29 June 2024}}</ref> || {{efn|Does not include the three constituent countries of the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]] in the Caribbean Sea ([[Aruba]], [[Curaçao]], and [[Sint Maarten]]), but includes the three special municipalities of the [[Caribbean Netherlands]] ([[Bonaire]], [[Sint Eustatius]] and [[Saba (island)|Saba]]).}} |- | | {{flag|Guatemala}} | {{n+p|17843132|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2024|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |date=2019 |publisher = Instituto Nacional de Estadística Guatemala |url= https://www.censopoblacion.gt/archivos/Estimaciones_y_proyecciones_nacionales_de_poblacion.pdf |title=Estimaciones y proyecciones nacionales de población |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223192959/https://www.censopoblacion.gt/archivos/Estimaciones_y_proyecciones_nacionales_de_poblacion.pdf |archive-date=23 Dec 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Cambodia}} | {{n+p|17336307|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2024|abbr=on}} | Official projection<ref>{{cite web |date = Nov 2021|url = https://www.nis.gov.kh/nis/Census2019/Population%20Projection.pdf|publisher = National Institute of Statistics |title = Population Projection |access-date = 2 July 2024 |archive-date = 8 September 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230908123512/https://www.nis.gov.kh/nis/Census2019/Population%20Projection.pdf |url-status = live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Ecuador}} | {{n+p|16938986|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Oct 2022|abbr=on}} | 2022 census result<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.censoecuador.gob.ec/ |title= Inicio - Censo Ecuador |website= censoecuador.gob.ec |access-date= 15 June 2024}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Zimbabwe}} | {{n+p|15178979|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|20 Apr 2022|abbr=on}} | 2022 census result<ref>{{Cite report|url=http://www.zimstat.co.zw/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Census2022_Preliminary_Report.pdf |title=2022 Population and housing census - Preliminary report on population figures |access-date=10 Aug 2022|publisher=Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency |archive-date=16 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116224310/https://www.zimstat.co.zw/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Census2022_Preliminary_Report.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|South Sudan}} | {{n+p|14746494|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2023|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nbs.gov.ss/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Population-projections-for-South-Sudan-2020-2040-1.pdf |title=South Sudan Population Projections, 2020-2040 (pg.12) |publisher=National Bureau of Statistics - South Sudan (NBSS) |website =www.nbs.gov.ss |date=January 2016 |access-date=22 January 2024}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Guinea}} | {{n+p|13261638|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2022|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stat-guinee.org/ |title=Institut National de la Statistique - stat-guinee.org |website=www.stat-guinee.org |access-date=25 May 2023 |archive-date=12 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712050037/http://www.stat-guinee.org/ |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Rwanda}} | {{n+p|13246394|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|15 Aug 2022|abbr=on}} | 2022 census result<ref>{{cite web |title=MAIN INDICATORS: 5th Rwanda Population and Housing Census (PHC) |website=statistics.gov.rw |url=https://statistics.gov.rw/publication/main_indicators_2022 |access-date=17 Mar 2023 |archive-date=16 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316110409/https://statistics.gov.rw/publication/main_indicators_2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Benin}} | {{n+p|12910087|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2024|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=https://instad.bj/images/docs/Actualit%C3%A9s/Projection%20r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e.pdf |title=PROJECTIONS DEMOGRAPHIQUES DE 2014 A 2063 ET PERSPECTIVES DE LA DEMANDE SOCIALE DE 2014 A 2030 AU BENIN |website=www.insae-bj |access-date=2 July 2024 |archive-date=29 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529104440/https://instad.bj/images/docs/Actualit%C3%A9s/Projection%20r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Burundi}} | {{n+p|12837740|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2022|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=https://isteebu.bi/projection-de-la-population/ |title=Projections de la population au Burundi |website=www.isteebu.bi |access-date=25 May 2023 |archive-date=25 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230525150948/https://isteebu.bi/projection-de-la-population/ |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Bolivia}} | {{n+p|12006031|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2022|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ine.gob.bo/index.php/censos-y-proyecciones-de-poblacion-sociales/ |title=Proyecciones de Población, Revisión 2020|author=INE - Instituto Nacional de Estadística - Estadísticas Demográficas |website=www.ine.gob.bo |access-date=7 Dec 2022 |archive-date=6 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606191939/https://www.ine.gob.bo/index.php/censos-y-proyecciones-de-poblacion-sociales/ |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Tunisia}} | {{n+p|11850232|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2023|abbr=on}} | National estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ins.tn/en/statistiques/111 |title=Population |website=ins.tn |access-date=21 Sep 2023 |archive-date=3 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003092313/https://www.ins.tn/en/statistiques/111 |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Belgium}} | {{n+p|11828948|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 May 2024|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ibz.rrn.fgov.be/fileadmin/user_upload/fr/pop/statistiques/stat-1-1_f.pdf |title=Chiffre global de la population par commune |website=www.ibz.rrn.fgov.be |access-date=23 Jun 2024 |archive-date=4 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200904173430/https://www.ibz.rrn.fgov.be/fileadmin/user_upload/fr/pop/statistiques/stat-1-1_f.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Papua New Guinea}} | {{n+p|11781559|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2021|abbr=on}} | National estimate<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.nso.gov.pg/statistics/population/ |title = Population Estimates 2021 |website = nso.gov.pg |access-date = 20 Jul 2023 |archive-date = 20 July 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230720004458/https://www.nso.gov.pg/statistics/population/ |url-status = live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Haiti}} | {{n+p|11743017|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2020|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ihsi.ht/pdf/projection/projectionspopulation_haiti_2007.pdf |title=Projections Population Haiti 2007 |website =www.ihsi.ht |access-date=18 Apr 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608104339/http://www.ihsi.ht/pdf/projection/ProjectionsPopulation_Haiti_2007.pdf |archive-date=8 Jun 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Jordan}} | {{n+p|11516000|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 Dec 2023|abbr=on}} | National estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dosweb.dos.gov.jo/DataBank/Population/Population_Estimares/PopulationEstimates.pdf |title= Estimated population of 2023 and some of selected data |publisher=Department of Statistics (DOS) |website=www.dosweb.dos.gov.jo |date=January 2024 |access-date=18 April 2024}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Cuba}} | {{n+p|11089511|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 Dec 2022|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.onei.gob.cu/node/13815 |title=Indicadores Demográficos por provincias y municipios 2022 |website =www.onei.gob.cu |access-date=12 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211142555/http://www.onei.gob.cu/node/13815 |archive-date=11 Dec 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Czech Republic}} | {{n+p|10859532|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 Mar 2024|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |title=Population|url=https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/population|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]] |date=28 June 2024 |access-date=28 June 2024 |archive-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615234615/https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/population |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Dominican Republic}} | {{n+p|10760028|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|10 Nov 2022|abbr=on}} | 2022 census result<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.one.gob.do/noticias/2023/one-informa-los-primeros-resultados-preliminares-del-x-censo-nacional-de-poblacion-y-vivienda/ |title=ONE informa los primeros resultados preliminares del X Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda |publisher=Oficina Nacional de Estadística (ONE) |website=www.one.gob.do |date=2023-08-11 |access-date=2023-10-04 |archive-date=13 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013223345/https://www.one.gob.do/noticias/2023/one-informa-los-primeros-resultados-preliminares-del-x-censo-nacional-de-poblacion-y-vivienda/ |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Portugal}} | {{n+p|10,639,726|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 Dec 2023|abbr=on}} | 2023 estimate<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_destaques&DESTAQUESdest_boui=645507713&DESTAQUESmodo=2|title=População residente ultrapassa os 10,6 milhões - 2023|website=ine.pt|publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Portugal)|INE]]|access-date=18 June 2024}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Sweden}} | {{n+p|10548261 |{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|30 April 2024|abbr=on}} | Monthly national estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scb.se/en/finding-statistics/statistics-by-subject-area/population/population-composition/population-statistics |title=Population statistics |website=scb.se |access-date=11 April 2024 |archive-date=16 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816175900/https://www.scb.se/en/finding-statistics/statistics-by-subject-area/population/population-composition/population-statistics/ |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Greece}} | {{n+p|10413982|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2023|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |title=Estimated Population and Migration Flows, 2023 |url=https://www.statistics.gr/documents/20181/de3e26f6-9b77-d2e5-2ca3-e13bcafe482a |publisher=[[Hellenic Statistical Authority]] |access-date=8 January 2024 |location=Piraeus |date=29 December 2023}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} | {{n+p|10288946|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 Dec 2022|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fcsa.gov.ae/ar-ae/Pages/Statistics/Statistics-by-Subject.aspx#/%3Fyear=&folder=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9&subject=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9 |title=Statistics by Subject |website=fcsa.gov.ae |access-date=29 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704064240/https://fcsa.gov.ae/ar-ae/Pages/Statistics/Statistics-by-Subject.aspx |archive-date=4 Jul 2020}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Tajikistan}} | {{n+p|10277100|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2024|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stat.tj/ |title=Агентии омори назди Президенти Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон / Агентии омори назди Президенти Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон |website=www.stat.tj |access-date=21 Jul 2024 |archive-date=13 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213094447/https://www.stat.tj/ |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Azerbaijan}} | {{n+p|10151517|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2023|abbr=on}} | Monthly national estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stat.gov.az/news/index.php?lang=az&id=5588 |website=Report |title=Azərbaycanda demoqrafik vəziyyət |date=16 Aug 2023 |access-date=3 Oct 2023 |archive-date=3 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003092121/https://www.stat.gov.az/news/index.php?lang=az&id=5588 |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Israel}} | {{n+p|9907100|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 May 2024|abbr=on}} | National monthly estimate<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.cbs.gov.il/en/Statistics/Pages/Generators/Time-Series-DataBank.aspx?level_1=2 |title = Time Series DataBank |date = 15 September 2023 |website = cbs.gov.il |access-date = 2 Jul 2024 |archive-date = 20 September 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230920122003/https://www.cbs.gov.il/en/Statistics/Pages/Generators/Time-Series-DataBank.aspx?level_1=2 |url-status = live }}</ref> || {{efn|Includes [[East Jerusalem]] and the [[Golan Heights]]. Also includes [[Israeli settlement|Israeli settlers]] within [[Area C (West Bank)|Area C]] of the [[West Bank]].}} |- | | {{flag|Honduras}} | {{n+p|9892632|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2024|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ine.gob.hn/publicaciones/Censos/Censo_2013/09Tomo-IX-Proyecciones-de-Poblacion/Cuadros%20xls/1.pdf |title=TOMO: HONDURAS: PROYECCIONES DE POBLACIÓN 2013-2050 |website=INE – Instituto Nacional de Estadística Honduras |access-date=2 July 2024 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405210701/https://www.ine.gob.hn/publicaciones/Censos/Censo_2013/09Tomo-IX-Proyecciones-de-Poblacion/Cuadros%20xls/1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Hungary}} | {{n+p|9584627|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2024|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ksh.hu/stadat_files/nep/en/nep0001.html |title=22.1.1.1. Main indicators of population and vital events|publisher=Hungarian Central Statistical Office (KSH) |website=www.ksh.hu |access-date=2 July 2024 |archive-date=15 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215153106/http://www.ksh.hu/docs/eng/xstadat/xstadat_annual/i_wdsd001.html |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Austria}} | {{n+p|9170647|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 April 2024|abbr=on}} | National quarterly estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.statistik.at/en/statistics/population-and-society/population/population-stock/population-at-beginning-of-year/quarter |title=Population at beginning of year/quarter |website=www.statistik.at |access-date=10 Aug 2023 |archive-date=12 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150612161754/http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/menschen_und_gesellschaft/bevoelkerung/bevoelkerungsstand_und_veraenderung/bevoelkerung_zu_jahres-_quartalsanfang/023582.html |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Belarus}} | {{n+p|9155978|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2024|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dataportal.belstat.gov.by/Indicators/Preview?key=144299 |title=Population at the beginning of 2022 |website=belstat.gov.by |access-date=3 August 2022 |archive-date=5 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105133324/http://dataportal.belstat.gov.by/Indicators/Preview?key=144299 |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Switzerland}} | {{n+p|8981565|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 March 2024|abbr=on}} | National quarterly estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/kataloge-datenbanken/tabellen.assetdetail.14027789.html |title=Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeitskategorie, Alter und Kanton, 2. Quartal 2020|language=de |date=22 Sep 2020|publisher=Bundesamt für Statistik |website=bfs.admin.ch |access-date=22 Nov 2019 |archive-date=30 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630173058/https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/kataloge-datenbanken/tabellen.assetdetail.25673520.html |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Sierra Leone}} | {{n+p|8494260|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2022|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite report|url=https://www.statistics.sl/images/StatisticsSL/Documents/Census/2015/sl_2015_phc_thematic_report_on_population_projections.pdf |title=Sierra Leone 2015 Population and Housing Census – Thematic Report on Population Projections|author=Gershon P. Y. Togoh|author2=Abu Bakarr Turay|author3=Allieu Komba |date=Oct 2017|publisher=Statistics Sierra Leone |website =www.statistics.sl |access-date=18 Apr 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113162606/https://www.statistics.sl/images/StatisticsSL/Documents/Census/2015/sl_2015_phc_thematic_report_on_population_projections.pdf |archive-date=13 Nov 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Togo}} | {{n+p|8095498|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|8 Nov 2022|abbr=on}} | 2022 census result<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://inseed.tg/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Communique_de_presse_Resultats_RGPH5_20230404.pdf |title=Resultats RGPH5 |language=fr |website=inseed.tg |access-date=20 Apr 2023 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418035453/https://inseed.tg/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Communique_de_presse_Resultats_RGPH5_20230404.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Hong Kong}} (China) | {{n+p|7503100|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 Dec 2023|abbr=on}} | National estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.censtatd.gov.hk/hkstat/sub/so20.jsp |title=Population - Overview &#124; Census and Statistics Department |website=www.censtatd.gov.hk |access-date=21 Sep 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425204930/https://www.censtatd.gov.hk/hkstat/sub/so20.jsp |archive-date=25 Apr 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Laos}} | {{n+p|7443000|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2022|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url = https://laosis.lsb.gov.la/majorIndicators.do?paramGrpId=all |title = Distribution of citizens by gender and age group |website = laosis.lsb.gov.la |access-date = 21 Sep 2023 |archive-date = 20 September 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230920122809/https://laosis.lsb.gov.la/majorIndicators.do?paramGrpId=all |url-status = live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} | {{n+p|7100000|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Mar 2023|abbr=on}} | Monthly national estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://stat.gov.kg/ru/ |title=Социально-экономическое положение Кыргызской Республики |access-date=23 September 2016 |archive-date=18 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918222911/http://www.stat.kg/ru/ |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Turkmenistan}} | {{n+p|7057841|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|17 Dec 2022|abbr=on}} | 2022 census result<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stat.gov.tm/ |title=Итоги сплошной переписи населения и жилищного фонда Туркменистана 2022 года |date=14 Jul 2023 |website=www.stat.gov.tm/ |access-date=21 Sep 2023 |archive-date=20 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720125616/https://www.stat.gov.tm/ |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Libya}} | {{n+p|6931061|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2020|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.citypopulation.de/en/libya/ |title = Libya |date = 2 Oct 2022 |website = City Population |access-date = 26 Jun 2023 |archive-date = 4 April 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230404191540/http://citypopulation.de/en/libya/ |url-status = live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|El Salvador}} | {{n+p|6884888|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2022|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.digestyc.gob.sv/index.php/temas/des/ehpm/publicaciones-ehpm.html?download=488%3Aestimaciones-y-proyecciones-de-poblacion |title=El Salvador: Estimatciones y proyecciones de población nacional 2005–2050 departamental 2005-2025 |website=www.digestyc.gob.sv |access-date=29 Aug 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422071030/http://www.digestyc.gob.sv/index.php/temas/des/ehpm/publicaciones-ehpm.html?download=488%3Aestimaciones-y-proyecciones-de-poblacion |archive-date=22 Apr 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Nicaragua}} | {{n+p|6803886|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|30 Jun 2023|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.inide.gob.ni/docs/Anuarios/Anuario2022/ANUARIO_ESTADISTICO2022.pdf |title=Anuario Estadístico 2022 |website=www.inide.gob.ni |access-date=23 Jun 2024 }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Serbia}} | {{n+p|6605168|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2024|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://stat.gov.rs/en-US |title=Population |publisher=Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (РЗС) |website=www.stat.gov.rs |access-date=2 July 2024 |language=en |archive-date=13 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013224848/https://stat.gov.rs/en-US |url-status=live }}</ref>|| {{efn|Does not include [[Kosovo]].}} |- | | {{flag|Bulgaria}} | {{n+p|6445481|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 Dec 2023|abbr=on}} | Official annual estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nsi.bg/bg/content/19806/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5/%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BC-7-%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8-2021-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0 |title=Население към 7 септември 2021 година |date=3 Oct 2022|language=Bulgarian |website=www.nsi.bg |access-date=21 Feb 2022 |archive-date=3 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003102110/https://nsi.bg/bg/content/19806/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5/%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BC-7-%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8-2021-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0 |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Republic of the Congo}} | {{n+p|6142180|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|17 May 2023|abbr=on}} | 2023 census result<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ins-congo.cg/download/resultats-preliminaires/?wpdmdl=4068&amp;refresh=65af84d0d8a631706001616 |title= Le cinquième Recensement Général de la Population et de l'habitation du Congo (RGPH-5) / pg.VIII |publisher=INS Congo |website=www.ins-congo.cg |date=29 December 2023 |access-date=23 January 2024}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Paraguay}} | {{n+p|6109644|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|10 Nov 2022|abbr=on}} | Preliminary census result<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.abc.com.py/nacionales/2023/08/31/paraguay-tiene-6109644-de-habitantes-segun-el-ultimo-censo-de-poblacion-y-viviendas/ |title=Paraguay has 6,109,644 inhabitants, according to the last Census |date=August 31, 2023 |website=ABC Color|language=ES |access-date=4 September 2023 |archive-date=5 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905110622/https://www.abc.com.py/nacionales/2023/08/31/paraguay-tiene-6109644-de-habitantes-segun-el-ultimo-censo-de-poblacion-y-viviendas/ |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Denmark}} | {{n+p|5967824|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 April 2024|abbr=on}} | National quarterly estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/emner/befolkning-og-valg/befolkning-og-befolkningsfremskrivning/folketal |title=Population figures |website=www.dst.dk |access-date=16 Feb 2024}}</ref> || {{efn|Does not include the [[Faroe Islands]] and [[Greenland]].}} |- | | {{flag|Singapore}} | {{n+p|5917600|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|30 Jun 2023|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/search-by-theme/population/population-and-population-structure/latest-data |title=Singapore Department of Statistics (DOS) |website=www.singstat.gov.sg |access-date=30 Sep 2023 |archive-date=12 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512142010/https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/search-by-theme/population/population-and-population-structure/latest-data |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Central African Republic}} | {{n+p|5633412|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2020|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-ab588f.pdf |title=L'étude prospective du secteur forestier en Afrique (FOSA) République centrafricaine |website =www.fao.org |access-date=18 Apr 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412033806/http://www.fao.org/3/a-ab588f.pdf |archive-date=12 Apr 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Finland}} | {{n+p|5583284|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 May 2024|abbr=on}} | Monthly national estimate<ref name="pxnet2.stat.fi">{{cite web |url=https://statfin.stat.fi/PxWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__vamuu/statfin_vamuu_pxt_11lj.px/table/tableViewLayout1/ |title=Statistics Finland - Population - Preliminary population statistics |website=statfin.stat.fi |access-date=29 June 2024 |archive-date=8 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108055049/https://statfin.stat.fi/PxWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__vamuu/statfin_vamuu_pxt_11lj.px/ |url-status=live}}</ref> || {{efn|Does not include [[Åland]].}} |- | | {{flag|Norway}} | {{n+p|5562363|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 March 2024|abbr=on}} | National quarterly estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ssb.no/en |title=2020-01-01 |website=ssb.no |access-date=22 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526091639/https://www.ssb.no/en/ |archive-date=26 May 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> || {{efn|Includes [[Svalbard]].}} |- | | {{flag|Lebanon}} | {{n+p|5490000|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2021|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.citypopulation.de/en/lebanon/cities/ |title = Lebanese Republic |date = 2 Mar 2019 |website = City Population |access-date = 16 May 2023 |archive-date = 20 September 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230920133612/https://www.citypopulation.de/en/lebanon/cities/ |url-status = live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Palestine}} | {{n+p|5483450|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2023|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pcbs.gov.ps/statisticsIndicatorsTables.aspx?lang=ar&table_id=676 |title=عدد السكان المقدر في فلسطين منتصف العام حسب المحافظة، 1997-2026 |website =www.pcbs.gov.ps |access-date=1 Feb 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207112247/https://pcbs.gov.ps/statisticsIndicatorsTables.aspx?lang=ar&table_id=676 |archive-date=7 Dec 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> || {{efn|Does not include [[East Jerusalem]] or [[Israeli settlement]]s in the [[West Bank]].}} |- | | {{flag|Slovakia}} | {{n+p|5422620|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 March 2024|abbr=on}} | National quarterly estimate<ref>{{cite web |url = https://slovak.statistics.sk/wps/portal/ext/products/informationmessages/inf_sprava_detail/!ut/p/z1/tVLNcpswGHyWHDgKfSABojfZqTExTWu7xLEuGSGErTr8BFPcvH1xxodO2pD2UF0kzexK--0uFvgei0r2Zic7U1fycbhvhf-wDGI2mTgcYJIQiG8W69v5dOZGqYc3L4BpxOc0SABYEnkQ83m6CpeEACdY_MpnkzsX4uB25SyWy2jh0Asf3lgc_o4_AhDj-u-wwEJVXdPt8bbOjnKPdIVMVSB56CwYDnVbDm70lUbHppX9swX9UXeHYc8YKShVFBWZqxAtCCDJchcp5QeMODRXOj8_3yiT4610HJUzT6JCexpRoAUKi0wjUEFIHOUz5mSvx_ldrxh3a3P-b8SQNLgAZusvLg9pNL1efZ5B_HXqsnXiuxD57wDAuQDGMn9P5g0WJivtkyptsAEIdUMWEsp88H0vJOfa8SojbIdFqwvd6tb-3g5t3Hddc_xggQW6sk_mYBqdG2nX7c6CP5H29bHD96-xeDu4HLzpshPgTW_0CafVOftHvP7HEOcvA47nOIg1356eBB_aV1ed_jHo_B_1a8o0TUtGntFh9bH41HmZtysfrhPOr65-AtbGoX4!/dz/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/ |title = Stock of population in the SR on 30st June 2023 |website = slovak.statistics.sk |access-date = 21 Sep 2023 |archive-date = 3 October 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231003092312/https://slovak.statistics.sk/wps/portal/ext/products/informationmessages/inf_sprava_detail/!ut/p/z1/tVLNcpswGHyWHDgKfSABojfZqTExTWu7xLEuGSGErTr8BFPcvH1xxodO2pD2UF0kzexK--0uFvgei0r2Zic7U1fycbhvhf-wDGI2mTgcYJIQiG8W69v5dOZGqYc3L4BpxOc0SABYEnkQ83m6CpeEACdY_MpnkzsX4uB25SyWy2jh0Asf3lgc_o4_AhDj-u-wwEJVXdPt8bbOjnKPdIVMVSB56CwYDnVbDm70lUbHppX9swX9UXeHYc8YKShVFBWZqxAtCCDJchcp5QeMODRXOj8_3yiT4610HJUzT6JCexpRoAUKi0wjUEFIHOUz5mSvx_ldrxh3a3P-b8SQNLgAZusvLg9pNL1efZ5B_HXqsnXiuxD57wDAuQDGMn9P5g0WJivtkyptsAEIdUMWEsp88H0vJOfa8SojbIdFqwvd6tb-3g5t3Hddc_xggQW6sk_mYBqdG2nX7c6CP5H29bHD96-xeDu4HLzpshPgTW_0CafVOftHvP7HEOcvA47nOIg1356eBB_aV1ed_jHo_B_1a8o0TUtGntFh9bH41HmZtysfrhPOr65-AtbGoX4!/dz/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/ |url-status = live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|New Zealand}} | {{n+p|5338900|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|30 March 2024|abbr=on}} | National quarterly estimate<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.stats.govt.nz/indicators/population-of-nz/ |title = Estimated population of NZ |date = 16 Nov 2023 |website = stats.govt.nz |access-date = 5 Feb 2024 |archive-date = 26 April 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230426102243/https://www.stats.govt.nz/indicators/population-of-nz/ |url-status = live }}</ref> || {{efn|Does not include the two self-governing associated states of the [[Cook Islands]] and [[Niue]], and the dependent territory of [[Tokelau]].}} |- | | {{flag|Costa Rica}} | {{n+p|5309625|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|30 Jun 2024|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=https://inec.cr/es/tematicas/listado?topics=91%252C646 |title=Estadísticas demográficas. 2011 – 2025. Proyecciones nacionales. Población total proyectada al 30 de junio por grupos de edades, según región de planificación y sexo |website=www.inec.go.cr |access-date=2 July 2024 |archive-date=20 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920124541/https://inec.cr/es/tematicas/listado?topics=91%252C646 |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Ireland}} | {{n+p|5281600|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|01 Apr 2023|abbr=on}} | National estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-pme/populationandmigrationestimatesapril2023/ |title=Population and Migration Estimates, April 2023 |website=www.cso.ie |date=25 September 2023 |access-date=26 Sep 2023 |archive-date=25 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925143020/https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-pme/populationandmigrationestimatesapril2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Liberia}} | {{n+p|5248621|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|10 Nov 2022|abbr=on}} | 2022 census result<ref>{{cite web |url=https://liberia.un.org/en/220493-liberia-announces-provisional-results-its-5th-national-population-and-housing-census |title=Liberia announces provisional results of its 5th National Population and Housing Census |publisher=United Nations Liberia |website=www.liberia.un.org |date=23 February 2023 |access-date=14 October 2023 |archive-date=24 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324043346/https://liberia.un.org/en/220493-liberia-announces-provisional-results-its-5th-national-population-and-housing-census |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Oman}} | {{n+p|5190332|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 May 2024|abbr=on}} | Monthly national estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ncsi.gov.om/Elibrary/Pages/LibraryContentDetails.aspx?ItemID=T4YkMygGdMFA00vLVDvAEA%3d%3d |title=Monthly Statistical Bulletin: June 2024 |website=ncsi.gov.om |access-date=23 Jun 2024 }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Kuwait}} | {{n+p|4913271|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2024|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.csb.gov.kw/Default_EN |title=Population Estimates at the beginning of 2024 |website=www.csb.gov.kw |access-date=23 Jun 2024 }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Mauritania}} | {{n+p|4475683|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2023|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ansade.mr/fr/ |title=Projections demographiques Mauritanie |website=www.ons.mr |date=17 August 2021 |access-date=21 Sep 2023 |archive-date=20 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920133156/https://ansade.mr/fr/ |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Panama}} | {{n+p|4064780|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|8 Jan 2023|abbr=on}} | 2023 census result<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.inec.gob.pa/archivos/P053342420231009161532Comentarios_Poblacion%20RFB%202023%20VF.pdf |title=Censos década - 2023 |publisher=[[:es:Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censo (Panamá)|INEC de Panamá]] |website=www.inec.gob.pa |date=9 October 2023 |access-date=9 March 2023}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Croatia}} | {{n+p|3855641|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2022|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url = https://podaci.dzs.hr/2023/en/58064 |title = POPULATION ESTIMATE OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA, 2022 |website = podaci.dzs.hr |date = 8 Sep 2023 |access-date = 21 Sep 2023 |archive-date = 2 October 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231002083017/https://podaci.dzs.hr/2023/en/58064 |url-status = live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Eritrea}} | {{n+p|3748902|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2023|abbr=on}} | UN projection<ref name="unpop" /> || |- | | {{flag|Georgia}} | {{n+p|3694600|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2024|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=http://geostat.ge/en |title=National Statistics Office of Georgia |website=www.geostat.ge |access-date=25 May 2023 |archive-date=28 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528115010/https://www.geostat.ge/en |url-status=live}}</ref> || {{efn|Does not include [[Abkhazia]] (242,862, census 2011) and [[South Ossetia]] (53,559, census 2015).}} |- | | {{flag|Mongolia}} | {{n+p|3504741|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 Dec 2023|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nso.mn/ |title=Unified Database of Statistics |website=nso.mn |access-date=19 Jun 2023 |archive-date=27 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927122656/http://www.nso.mn/ |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Uruguay}} | {{n+p|3444263|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|27 Nov 2023|abbr=on}} | 2023 National census<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ine.gub.uy/web/guest/estimaciones-y-proyecciones |title=Estimaciones y Proyecciones - Instituto Nacional de Estadística |website=www.ine.gub.uy |access-date=10 Aug 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322200708/http://www.ine.gub.uy/web/guest/estimaciones-y-proyecciones |archive-date=22 Mar 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} | {{n+p|3264873|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2023|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rzs.rs.ba/ |title=Republika Srpska Institute of Statistics |website=rzs.rs.ba |access-date=19 Jun 2023 |archive-date=16 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916034658/https://rzs.rs.ba/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://fzs.ba/index.php/procjena-broja-stanovnika/ |title=Population estimation |website=fzs.ba |access-date=19 Jun 2023 |archive-date=19 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619201152/https://fzs.ba/index.php/procjena-broja-stanovnika/ |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Puerto Rico}} (US) | {{n+p|3205691|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2023|abbr=on}} | Annual projection<ref name="census">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/PR |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |title=Quick Facts Puerto Rico |date=18 May 2023 |access-date=19 Jun 2023 |archive-date=30 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330054937/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/PR |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Armenia}} | {{n+p|3039700|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2024|abbr=on}} | National quarterly estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.armstat.am/en/?nid=12&id=19001&submit=Search |title=Time series / Statistical Committee of the Republic of Armenia |website=www.armstat.am |access-date=23 Jun 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403053506/https://www.armstat.am/en/?nid=12&id=19001&submit=Search |archive-date=3 Apr 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Namibia}} | {{n+p|3022401|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|24 Sept 2023|abbr=on}} | 2023 National census<ref>{{cite web |url=https://census.nsa.org.na/ |title=Namibia - Census (2023) |publisher=Namibia Statistics Agency |website=www.census.nsa.org.na |access-date=18 Apr 2024 |archive-date=13 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313094106/https://census.nsa.org.na/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Lithuania}} | {{n+p|2891215|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 June 2024|abbr=on}} | Monthly national estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://osp.stat.gov.lt/ |title=Pradžia - Oficialiosios statistikos portalas |website=osp.stat.gov.lt |access-date=21 Sep 2023 |archive-date=20 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150320060836/http://osp.stat.gov.lt/ |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Qatar}} | {{n+p|2857822|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|30 Jun 2024|abbr=on}} | Monthly national estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.psa.gov.qa/en/statistics1/pages/topicslisting.aspx?parent=Population&child=Population |title=Population |website=psa.gov.qa |access-date=3 Jul 2024 |archive-date=19 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619201210/https://www.psa.gov.qa/en/statistics1/pages/topicslisting.aspx?parent=Population&child=Population |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Jamaica}} | {{n+p|2825544|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2019|abbr=on}} | National projection<ref>{{cite web |url=https://statinja.gov.jm/Demo_SocialStats/PopulationStats.aspx |title=Population Statistics |access-date=19 Jun 2023 |website=statinja.gov.jm |archive-date=6 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306205719/https://statinja.gov.jm/Demo_SocialStats/PopulationStats.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Albania}} | {{n+p|2761785|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2023|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.instat.gov.al/en/themes/demography-and-social-indicators/population/publication/2023/population-of-albania-on-1st-january-2023/ |title=Population in Albania, 1 Jan 2023 |access-date=10 Aug 2023 |archive-date=20 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920124542/https://www.instat.gov.al/en/themes/demography-and-social-indicators/population/publication/2023/population-of-albania-on-1st-january-2023/ |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Moldova}} | {{n+p|2423300|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2024|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://statistica.gov.md/en/statistic_indicator_details/25 |title=Population |publisher=Biroului Național de Statistică (BNS) |website=statistica.gov.md |access-date=23 Jun 2024 }}</ref> || {{efn|Does not include [[Transnistria]].}} |- | | {{flag|Gambia}} | {{n+p|2417471|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2022|abbr=on}} | National projection<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gbosdata.org/data/40-population-and-household-characteristics/1653-population-total |title=Population - Total |access-date=25 May 2023 |archive-date=11 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511134924/https://www.gbosdata.org/data/40-population-and-household-characteristics/1653-population-total |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Botswana}} | {{n+p|2410338|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2021|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/publications/Botswana%20Population%20Projections%202011_2026.pdf |title=Botswana Population Projections 2011-2026 |website=www.statsbots.org.bw |access-date=20 Jan 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412033845/http://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/publications/Botswana%20Population%20Projections%202011_2026.pdf |archive-date=12 Apr 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Gabon}} | {{n+p|2408586|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2024|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.statgabon.ga/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Rapport-Projection_Final.pdf |title=Projection de la Population Gabon 2019-2025 |website=www.statgabon.ga |access-date=3 Jul 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429022734/https://www.statgabon.ga/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Rapport-Projection_Final.pdf |archive-date=29 Apr 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Lesotho}} | {{n+p|2306000|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2023|abbr=on}} | Official projection<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.citypopulation.de/en/lesotho/ |title = Lesotho |date = 8 Apr 2023 |website = City Population |access-date = 26 Jun 2023 |archive-date = 19 May 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230519091617/https://citypopulation.de/en/lesotho/ |url-status = live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Slovenia}} | {{n+p|2123949|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2024|abbr=on}} | National quarterly estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stat.si/statweb |title=Prebivalci Slovenije |website=www.stat.si |access-date=23 Jun 2024 }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Latvia}} | {{n+p|1862700|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 May 2024|abbr=on}} | Monthly national estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.stat.gov.lv/pxweb/en/OSP_PUB/START__POP__IR__IRS/IRS010m/ |title=IRS010m. Population and main dataSw of vital statistics 1995M01 - 2023M12 |website=Statistikas datubāzes |access-date=5 Feb 2024 |archive-date=12 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512140058/http://data.stat.gov.lv/pxweb/en/OSP_PUB/START__POP__IR__IRS/IRS010m |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|North Macedonia}} | {{n+p|1829954|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 Dec 2022|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stat.gov.mk/OblastOpsto_en.aspx?id=2 |title=Population |website= State Statistical Office |access-date=23 Jun 2024 }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Guinea-Bissau}} | {{n+p|1781308|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2023|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.stat-guinebissau.com/ |title = National Institute of Statistics of Guinea-Bissau |website = stat-guinebissau |access-date = 4 Jul 2023 |archive-date = 21 July 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230721231946/https://www.stat-guinebissau.com/ |url-status = live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Kosovo}} | {{n+p|1762220|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 Dec 2022|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://askdata.rks-gov.net/pxweb/sq/ASKdata/ASKdata__Population__Estimate,%20projection%20and%20structure%20of%20population__Population%20estimate/tab001.px/table/tableViewLayout1/?loadedQueryId=c54f1063-6282-4066-9578-89393f22477b&timeType=top&timeValue=1 |title=Popullsia e Kosovës e vlerësuar sipas indikatoret dhe komuna |website=ask.rks-gov.net |access-date=21 Sep 2023 |archive-date=8 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108055001/https://askdata.rks-gov.net/pxweb/sq/ASKdata/ASKdata__Population__Estimate,%20projection%20and%20structure%20of%20population__Population%20estimate/tab001.px/ |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Bahrain}} | {{n+p|1577059|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2023|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url = https://bahrain.opendatasoft.com/explore/dataset/03-mid-year-population-by-nationality-and-sex/table/?disjunctive.sex&sort=-year |title = Mid-Year Population |date = 10 Jun 2023 |website = bahrain.opendatasoft.com |access-date = 12 Sep 2023 |archive-date = 1 September 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230901001907/https://bahrain.opendatasoft.com/explore/dataset/03-mid-year-population-by-nationality-and-sex/table/?disjunctive.sex&sort=-year |url-status = live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}} | {{n+p|1558160|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2022|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.inege.gq/ |title=INEGE |website=www.inege.gq |access-date=25 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420050225/http://www.inege.gq/ |archive-date=20 Apr 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Estonia}} | {{n+p|1374687|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2024|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web|last=|first= |date= |title=Population figure|url=https://www.stat.ee/et |access-date=20 April 2023 |archive-date=1 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401052333/https://www.stat.ee/et/ |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|East Timor}} | {{n+p|1373024|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2024|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timor-leste.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/2015%20Population%20Projection%20Report_0.pdf |title=Analytical Report on Population Projection |website=timor-leste.unfpa.org |access-date=3 Jul 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802031357/https://timor-leste.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/2015%20Population%20Projection%20Report_0.pdf |archive-date=2 Aug 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} | {{n+p|1367510|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|30 Jun 2023|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cso.gov.tt/subjects/population-and-vital-statistics/population/ |title=Population |website=cso.gov.tt |access-date=5 Feb 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206192934/https://cso.gov.tt/subjects/population-and-vital-statistics/population/ |archive-date=6 Dec 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Mauritius}} | {{n+p|1260379|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 Dec 2023|abbr=on}} | National estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://statsmauritius.govmu.org/Pages/Statistics/By_Subject/Population/SB_Population.aspx|publisher=Statistics Mauritius |title=Population and Vital Statistics |date=2023 |website=statsmauritius.govmu.org |access-date=23 Jun 2024 }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Eswatini}} | {{n+p|1235549|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2024|abbr=on}} | Official projection<ref>{{cite web |url = http://ccm.org.sz/documents/reports/hiv/Population-Projections-Report-2007-2030.pdf |title =Swaziland Population Projections 2007-2030 |at = p20 |date = 1 Jul 2015 |website = ccm.org.sz |access-date = 3 Jul 2024 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150723224521/http://ccm.org.sz/documents/reports/hiv/Population-Projections-Report-2007-2030.pdf |archive-date = 23 Jul 2015 |url-status = dead}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Djibouti}} | {{n+p|1001454|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2022|abbr=on}} | National projection <ref>{{cite web |title=Annuaire Statistique Edition 2022 |url=http://www.instad.dj/assets/doc/Annuaire_Statistique_2022.pdf |website=www.instad.dj |access-date=13 Feb 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013191837/http://www.instad.dj/assets/doc/Annuaire_Statistique_2022.pdf |archive-date=13 Oct 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Cyprus}} | {{n+p|918100|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Oct 2021|abbr=on}} | 2021 census result<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.cystat.gov.cy/el/PressRelease?id=66207 |title = Census of Population and Housing 2021 |date = 26 Nov 2021 |website = cystat.gov.cy |access-date = 29 Jun 2023 |archive-date = 6 August 2022 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220806221137/https://www.cystat.gov.cy/el/PressRelease?id=66207 |url-status = live }}</ref> || {{efn|Des not include [[Northern Cyprus]].}} |- | | {{flag|Fiji}} | {{n+p|893468|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2021|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.statsfiji.gov.fj/ |title=BULA and Welcome |website=www.statsfiji.gov.fj |access-date=27 Apr 2023 |archive-date=8 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408072353/https://www.statsfiji.gov.fj/ |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Bhutan}} | {{n+p|777224|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|2024|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nsb.gov.bt/publication/files/pub2wc8278bd.pdf |title=Population Projections Bhutan 2017-2047 |website=www.nsb.gov.bt |access-date=23 Sep 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128191433/http://www.nsb.gov.bt/publication/files/pub2wc8278bd.pdf |archive-date=28 Jan 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Guyana}} | {{n+p|772975|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2021|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://statisticsguyana.gov.gy/subjects/demography-vital-and-social-statistics/year-end-and-mid-year-population-estimates-by-sex-guyana-1992-to-2021/ |title=Year-end and Mid-year Population Estimates by Sex, Guyana: 1992 to 2021 |access-date=23 Jun 2024 }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Comoros}} | {{n+p|758316|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|15 Dec 2017|abbr=on}} | 2017 census result<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.inseed.km/index.php/publications/rapport1/rapports-rgph-2017 |title=Rapports RGPH 2017 |website=www.inseed.km |access-date=31 Aug 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030105743/http://www.inseed.km/index.php/publications/rapport1/rapports-rgph-2017 |archive-date=30 Oct 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Solomon Islands}} | {{n+p|750325|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2024|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.statistics.gov.sb/statistics/social-statistics/population |title = Population |website = www.statistics.gov.sb |access-date = 3 Jul 2024 |archive-date = 30 June 2022 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220630191359/https://statistics.gov.sb/statistics/social-statistics/population |url-status = live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Macau}} (China) | {{n+p|686400|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 March 2024|abbr=on}} | National quarterly estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dsec.gov.mo/ts/#!/step2/KeyIndicator/en-US/240 |title=DSEC - 統計數據庫 |website=www.dsec.gov.mo |access-date=21 Sep 2023 |archive-date=13 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113211800/https://www.dsec.gov.mo/ts/#!/step2/KeyIndicator/en-US/240 |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Luxembourg}} | {{n+p|672020|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2024|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://statistiques.public.lu/dam-assets/actualite/2024/stn16-pop-2024/stn16-2024-population-2024-v20.pdf |title=Une croissance démographique réduite en 2023 |date=2024-04-18 |website=statistiques.public.lu |language=fr}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Montenegro}} | {{n+p|616695|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2023|abbr=on}} | National annual estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monstat.org/eng/page.php?id=234&pageid=48 |title=Statistical Office of Montenegro - MONSTAT |website=www.monstat.org |access-date=10 Aug 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712071239/http://www.monstat.org/eng/page.php?id=234&pageid=48 |archive-date=12 Jul 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Suriname}} | {{n+p|616500|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2021|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://statistics-suriname.org/en/population-statistics-2/ |title=Population Statistics |date=15 Aug 2019|publisher=Statistics-Suriname.org |access-date=20 Apr 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328181226/https://statistics-suriname.org/en/population-statistics-2/ |archive-date=28 Mar 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flagicon image|Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg}} {{Disputed inline |date=January 2024}} [[Western Sahara]] | {{n+p|587259|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2023|abbr=on}} | UN projection<ref name="unpop" /> || {{efn|{{Western Sahara-note}}}} |- | | {{flag|Malta}} | {{n+p|542051|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 Dec 2022|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url = https://nso.gov.mt/intercensal-population-revisions-2012-2021/ |title = Population and migration: 2012-2022 |date = 26 Jan 2024 |website = nso.gov.mt |access-date = 23 Jun 2024 |archive-date = 14 July 2024 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240714135358/https://nso.gov.mt/intercensal-population-revisions-2012-2021/ |url-status = dead }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Maldives}} | {{n+p|515132|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|13 Sep 2022|abbr=on}} | 2022 census result<ref>{{cite web |url = https://census.gov.mv/2022/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/WPD2023.pdf |title = Census 2022: Combined Summary |date = 11 Jul 2022 |website = census.gov.my |access-date = 14 Mar 2024}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Cape Verde}} | {{n+p|491233|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|16 Jun 2021|abbr=on}} | 2021 census result<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ine.cv/ine_censos_quadros_category/censo-2021/ |title=CENSO 2021 |publisher=ine.cv |access-date=23 Sep 2023 |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327051422/https://ine.cv/ine_censos_quadros_category/censo-2021/ |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Brunei}} | {{n+p|445400|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2022|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deps.mofe.gov.bn/SitePages/National%20Statistics.aspx |title=National Statistics |website=www.deps.mofe.gov.bn |access-date=23 Sep 2023 |archive-date=1 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801041429/https://deps.mofe.gov.bn/SitePages/National%20Statistics.aspx |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Belize}} | {{n+p|397483|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|12 May 2022|abbr=on}} | 2022 census result<ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical Institute of Belize Presents Key Finding of the 2022 Population and Housing Census |website=Statistical Institute of Belize|date=8 April 2024 |url=https://sib.org.bz/press-release_census-launch/ |access-date=10 Apr 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409065601/https://sib.org.bz/press-release_census-launch/ |archive-date=9 Apr 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Bahamas}} | {{n+p|397360|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2022|abbr=on}} | National annual projection| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bahamas.gov.bs/wps/wcm/connect/22f9b2b0-68fa-4a26-8bd8-474952e42dc2/Population+Projection+Report+2010-2040.pdf?MOD=AJPERES |title=Population Projections 2010-2040 |website=www.bahamas.gov.bs |access-date=27 Apr 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701011446/http://www.bahamas.gov.bs/wps/wcm/connect/22f9b2b0-68fa-4a26-8bd8-474952e42dc2/Populati396,960on+Projection+Report+2010-2040.pdf?MOD=AJPERES |archive-date=1 Jul 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Iceland}} | {{n+p|383726|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2024|abbr=on}} | National quarterly estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://statice.is/statistics/population/inhabitants/ |title=Statistics - Population |publisher=Statistics Iceland (Hagstofa Íslands) |website=www.statice.is |date=21 March 2024 |access-date=18 Apr 2024}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Northern Cyprus}} | {{n+p|382836|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 Dec 2020|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.devplan.org/belediyeler/Yerel-Yonetimler-2018-2020.pdf |title=2020 yılı: Yerel Yönetimler Raporu|language=tr|publisher=Devplan |date=2022 |access-date=15 October 2022 |archive-date=13 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013104218/https://www.devplan.org/belediyeler/Yerel-Yonetimler-2018-2020.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> || {{efn|''De facto'' independent, ''de jure'' part of [[Cyprus]].}} |- | | {{flag|Transnistria}} | {{n+p|360938|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 Dec 2022|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite news|url=https://gov.md/ro/content/352-de-mii-de-locuitori-din-regiunea-transnistreana-detin-cetatenia-republicii-moldova-si |title=352 de mii de locuitori din regiunea Transnistreană dețin cetățenia Republicii Moldova și 362 de mii figurează în registrul de stat al populației |website=gov.md |date=20 Jan 2023 |access-date=12 February 2023 |archive-date=6 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306235144/https://gov.md/ro/content/352-de-mii-de-locuitori-din-regiunea-transnistreana-detin-cetatenia-republicii-moldova-si |url-status=live}}</ref> || {{efn|''De facto'' independent, ''de jure'' part of [[Moldova]].}} |- | | {{flag|Vanuatu}} | {{n+p|301295|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2021|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref name = "pacificdata">{{cite web |url = https://stats.pacificdata.org/ |title = Pacific Data Hub Explorer |website = stats.pacificdata.org |access-date = 20 Jul 2023 |archive-date = 21 July 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230721002349/https://stats.pacificdata.org/ |url-status = live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|French Polynesia}} (France) | {{n+p|279890|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2021|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref name="pacificdata" /> || |- | | {{flag|New Caledonia}} (France) | {{n+p|268510|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2023|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.isee.nc/population/demographie |title=Bilan démographique 2022 : la Nouvelle-Calédonie perd 1 300 habitants |website=www.isee.nc/ |access-date=30 Sep 2023 |archive-date=13 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113162110/https://www.isee.nc/population/demographie |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Barbados}} | {{n+p|267800|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 Dec 2022|abbr=on}} | Official estimate| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.gov.bb/subjects/social-demographic-statistics/population-demography-statistics/vital-statistics-indicators-2022/ |title=Vital Statistic Indicators |access-date=15 Jun 2023 |archive-date=11 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611031804/https://stats.gov.bb/subjects/social-demographic-statistics/population-demography-statistics/vital-statistics-indicators-2022/ |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Abkhazia}} | {{n+p|244236|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2022|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url = https://ugsra.org/ofitsialnaya-statistika.php?ELEMENT_ID=600 |title = Управление государственной статистики Республики Абхазия |website = ugsra.org |access-date = 27 Oct 2023 |archive-date = 29 March 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230329170012/https://ugsra.org/ofitsialnaya-statistika.php?ELEMENT_ID=600 |url-status = live }}</ref> || {{efn|{{Abkhazia note}}}} |- | | {{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} | {{n+p|228319|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2024|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ine.st/ |title=Instituto Nacional de Estatística |website=ine.st |access-date=23 Jun 2024 }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Samoa}} | {{n+p|205557|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|6 Nov 2021|abbr=on}} | Census 2021<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sbs.gov.ws/ |title=POPULATION & HOUSING CENSUS 2016 - 2021 |website=www.sbs.gov.ws |access-date=27 Apr 2023 |archive-date=22 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322144201/https://www.sbs.gov.ws/ |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Saint Lucia}} | {{n+p|184100|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2023|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stats.gov.lc/ |title=Home |website=The Central Statistical Office of Saint Lucia |access-date=23 Jun 2024 }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Guam}} (US) | {{n+p|153836|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Apr 2020|abbr=on}} | 2020 census result<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/island-areas/guam/population-and-housing-unit-counts/guam-phc-table01.pdf |title=Population of Guam: 2010 and 2020 |website=www2.census.gov |access-date=29 Jan 2022 |archive-date=3 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103005501/https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/island-areas/guam/population-and-housing-unit-counts/guam-phc-table01.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Curacao}} (Netherlands) | {{n+p|155826 |{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|2 Sep 2023|abbr=on}} | 2023 census result<ref>{{cite web |url=https://senso.cbs.cw/cbs-presents-the-first-results-of-the-2023-census?language_content_entity=pap-cw |title=CBS Presents the First Results of the 2023 Census |access-date=16 July 2024 }}</ref>|| |- | | {{flag|Kiribati}} | {{n+p|120740|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2021|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref name="pacificdata" /> || |- | | {{flag|Seychelles}} | {{n+p|120581|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 Dec 2023|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbs.gov.sc/downloads/1547-end-of-year-2023-population/download |title=POPULATION AND VITAL STATISTICS DECEMBER 2023 |website=www.nbs.gov.sc |access-date=23 Jun 2024 }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Grenada}} | {{n+p|112579|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2019|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url = https://stats.gov.gd/subjects/population-2/annual-population-estimates-by-parish-and-sex-2011-to-2019/ |title = Annual Population Estimates by Parish and Sex, 2011 to 2019 |website = stats.gov.gd |access-date = Jun 24, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624211753/https://stats.gov.gd/subjects/population-2/annual-population-estimates-by-parish-and-sex-2011-to-2019/| archive-date=Jun 24, 2023}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} | {{n+p|110872 |{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2022|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |date= |title=Mid Year Total Population Estimates by Age and Sex, 2018 to 2022 |url=https://stats.gov.vc/subjects/population-and-demography/mid-year-total-population-estimates-by-age-and-sex/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422031423/https://stats.gov.vc/subjects/population-and-demography/mid-year-total-population-estimates-by-age-and-sex/ |archive-date=22 Apr 2023 |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=stats.gov.vc |publisher=Statistical Office, Government of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |language=en-US}}</ref>|| |- | | {{flag|Aruba}} (Netherlands) | {{n+p|107151|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 Dec 2022|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cbs.aw/wp/index.php/2022/09/20/test-2/ |title=General characteristics of Aruba |website=cbs.aw |date=20 September 2022 |publisher=Central Bureau of Statistics Aruba |access-date=23 Jun 2024 }}</ref>|| |- | | {{flag|Micronesia}} | {{n+p|105754|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2021|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref name="pacificdata" /> || |- | | {{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}} | {{n+p|103603|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2024|abbr=on}} | National annual estimate<ref>{{cite web |title=National Annual estimate - Antigua and Barbuda; 2022 |url=https://statistics.gov.ag/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111065316/https://statistics.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Population-Projections-by-Age-Group-Annual-1991-2026.xlsx |archive-date=11 Jan 2021 |access-date=2 Jul 2024 |website=statistics.gov.ag}}</ref>|| |- | | {{flag|Jersey}} (UK) | {{n+p|103267|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|21 Mar 2021|abbr=on}} | 2021 census result<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.je/SiteCollectionDocuments/Government%20and%20administration/R%20CensusBulletin1%2020220413%20SJ.pdf |title=Bulletin 1: Population characteristics|first=States of|last=Jersey |website=gov.je |access-date=23 Sep 2023 |archive-date=13 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413165711/https://www.gov.je/SiteCollectionDocuments/Government%20and%20administration/R%20CensusBulletin1%2020220413%20SJ.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Tonga}} | {{n+p|100179|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2022|abbr=on}} | National annual estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tongastats.gov.to/ |title=Tonga Statistics Department &#124; The official statistics provider for Tonga |access-date=16 November 2022 |archive-date=25 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925121044/https://tongastats.gov.to/ |url-status=live}}</ref>|| |- | | {{flag|U.S. Virgin Islands}} (US) | {{n+p|87146|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Apr 2020|abbr=on}} | 2020 census result<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/island-areas/us-virgin-islands/population-and-housing-unit-counts/us-virgin-islands-phc-table01.pdf |title=Population of the United States Virgin Islands: 2010 and 2020 |website=www2.census.gov |access-date=29 Jan 2022 |archive-date=14 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314154015/https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/island-areas/us-virgin-islands/population-and-housing-unit-counts/us-virgin-islands-phc-table01.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Andorra}} | {{n+p|85101|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 Dec 2023|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.estadistica.ad/serveiestudis/web/index.asp |title=Departament d'Estadística |website=www.estadistica.ad |access-date=5 Feb 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113141726/https://www.estadistica.ad/serveiestudis/web/index.asp |archive-date=13 Nov 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Isle of Man}} (UK) | {{n+p|84530|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 April 2023|abbr=on}} | 2021 census result<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.im/news/2022/feb/02/first-details-of-2021-census-report-published/ |title=First details of 2021 Census report published |website=www.gov.im |access-date=15 Feb 2022 |archive-date=1 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501095106/https://www.gov.im/news/2022/feb/02/first-details-of-2021-census-report-published/ |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Cayman Islands}} (UK) | {{n+p|71105|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|30 Sep 2020|abbr=on}} | 2021 Census<ref>{{cite web |title=Cayman Islands - 2021 Census results |url=https://www.eso.ky/user_images/census_2021/Section_1.1.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326030427/https://www.eso.ky/ |archive-date=26 Mar 2019 |access-date=23 Mar 2019 |website=www.eso.ky}}</ref>|| |- | | {{flag|Dominica}} | {{n+p|67408|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 Dec 2017|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=End of year Population by Sex 2005 to 2017 |url=https://stats.gov.dm/subjects/demographic-statistics/end-of-year-population-by-sex-2005-to-2017/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331200204/https://stats.gov.dm/subjects/demographic-statistics/end-of-year-population-by-sex-2005-to-2017/ |archive-date=31 Mar 2023 |access-date=25 Jun 2023 |website=stats.gov.dm |publisher=Central Statistics Office of Dominica}}</ref>|| |- | | {{flag|Guernsey}} (UK) | {{n+p|64421|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|30 Jun 2023|abbr=on}} | National quarterly estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.gg/population |title=Population, Employment and Earnings |website=www.gov.gg |date=30 Apr 2024 |access-date=3 Jul 2024 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008212617/https://www.gov.gg/population |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Bermuda}} (UK) | {{n+p|64055|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2021|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.bm/sites/default/files/Bermuda-Population-Projections-2016-2026.pdf |title=Bermuda Population Projections 2016-2026 |website=www.gov.bm |access-date=11 Mar 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412033845/https://www.gov.bm/sites/default/files/Bermuda-Population-Projections-2016-2026.pdf |archive-date=12 Apr 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Greenland}} (Denmark) | {{n+p|56865|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 July 2023|abbr=on}} | National quarterly estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bank.stat.gl/pxweb/en/Greenland/Greenland__BE__BE85/BEXSTK3.px/?rxid=BEXSAT101-08-2020%2023:21:09 |title=Quarterly Population |date=1 Aug 2020|publisher=Statistics Greenland |website=bank.stat.gl |access-date=1 Aug 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028062810/https://bank.stat.gl/pxweb/en/Greenland/Greenland__BE__BE85/BEXSTK3.px/?rxid=BEXSAT101-08-2020%2023:21:09 |archive-date=28 Oct 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|South Ossetia}} | {{n+p|56520|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 Dec 2021|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ugosstat.ru/statisticheskij-sbornik-za-yanvar-dekabr-2021-g/ |title=В Цхинвале прошла пресс-конференция начальника Управления государственной статистики Южной Осетии Инала Тибилова |date=29 Mar 2022 |website=ugosstat.ru |access-date=11 Feb 2023 |archive-date=28 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128005918/https://ugosstat.ru/statisticheskij-sbornik-za-yanvar-dekabr-2021-g/ |url-status=live}}</ref> || {{efn|{{South Ossetia-note}}}} |- | | {{flag|Faroe Islands}} (Denmark) | {{n+p|54683|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 May 2024|abbr=on}} | Monthly national estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hagstova.fo/en/population/population/population |title=POPULATION |date=10 January 2024 |website=[[Statistics Faroe Islands]] |access-date=5 February 2024}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}} | {{n+p|51320|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts| 2022|abbr=on}} | 2022 census result<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nia.gov.kn/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Census-Report-2021-2022.docx |title= THE POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS SUMMARY |access-date=16 July 2024 }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|American Samoa}} (US) | {{n+p|49710|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Apr 2020|abbr=on}} | 2020 census result<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/island-areas/american-samoa/population-and-housing-unit-counts/american-samoa-phc-table01.pdf |title=Population of American Samoa: 2010 and 2020 |website=www2.census.gov |access-date=29 Jan 2022 |archive-date=6 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206171554/https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/island-areas/american-samoa/population-and-housing-unit-counts/american-samoa-phc-table01.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}} (UK) | {{n+p|49309|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2023|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.tc/stats/ |title=2023 INDICATORS |website=www.gov.tc |access-date=3 Jul 2024 |archive-date=27 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227182013/https://www.gov.tc/stats/ |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Northern Mariana Islands}} (US) | {{n+p|47329|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Apr 2020|abbr=on}} | 2020 census result<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/island-areas/commonwealth-of-the-northern-mariana-islands/population-and-housing-unit-counts/commonwealth-northern-mariana-islands-phc-table01.pdf |title=Population of Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands: 2010 and 2020 |website=www2.census.gov |access-date=29 Jan 2022 |archive-date=25 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125125558/https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/island-areas/commonwealth-of-the-northern-mariana-islands/population-and-housing-unit-counts/commonwealth-northern-mariana-islands-phc-table01.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Sint Maarten}} (Netherlands) | {{n+p|42938|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2023|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.sintmaartengov.org/press_release/Population/2023/Press_release_est_Population_2023.pdf |title=Population Estimates and Vital Statistics 2023 |website=stat.gov.sx |access-date=12 May 2023 |archive-date=9 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509131223/http://stats.sintmaartengov.org/press_release/Population/2023/Press_release_est_Population_2023.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Marshall Islands}} | {{n+p|42418|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|30 Sep 2021|abbr=on}} | 2021 Census<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web |url=https://spccfpstore1.blob.core.windows.net/digitallibrary-docs/files/60/605c69d76a40195baa447b5a558b0e02.pdf?sv=2015-12-11&sr=b&sig=GbQ42ZYNKrH3g389jZn7DvHUO8ObwYrFpnxIeXiRSU0%3D&se=2024-03-25T18%3A07%3A37Z&sp=r&rscc=public%2C%20max-age%3D864000%2C%20max-stale%3D86400&rsct=application%2Fpdf&rscd=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22Marshall_Islands_2021_Census_Vol1_Table_report.pdf%22 |title=Republic of the Marshall Islands 2021 Census Report, Volume 1: Basic Tables and Administrative Report |date=May 30, 2023 |website=Pacific Community (SPC): Statistics for Development Division |publisher=[[Pacific Community]] |access-date=September 27, 2023 |archive-date=27 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927183142/https://spccfpstore1.blob.core.windows.net/digitallibrary-docs/files/60/605c69d76a40195baa447b5a558b0e02.pdf?sv=2015-12-11&sr=b&sig=GbQ42ZYNKrH3g389jZn7DvHUO8ObwYrFpnxIeXiRSU0%3D&se=2024-03-25T18:07:37Z&sp=r&rscc=public,%20max-age%3D864000,%20max-stale%3D86400&rsct=application/pdf&rscd=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22Marshall_Islands_2021_Census_Vol1_Table_report.pdf%22 |url-status=live }}</ref>|| |- | | {{flag|Liechtenstein}} | {{n+p|40023 |{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 December 2023|abbr=on}} | National estimate<ref>{{cite web |title=LLV |url=https://www.statistikportal.li/de/themen/bevoelkerung/bevoelkerungsstand#collapse-accordion-6374a91a53010709246463-1 }}</ref>|| |- | | {{flag|Monaco}} | {{n+p|38367|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 Dec 2023|abbr=on}} | Census<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.monacostatistics.mc/Population-and-employment |title=Population and employment / IMSEE - Monaco IMSEE |website=www.monacostatistics.mc |access-date=27 Dec 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181227230517/https://www.monacostatistics.mc/Population-and-employment |archive-date=27 Dec 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Gibraltar}} (UK) | {{n+p|34003|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2016|abbr=on}} | Official figure<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/uploads/statistics/2019/Reports/Abstract%20of%20Statistics%202016%20whole%20report.pdf |title = Abstract of Statistics 2016 |website = gibraltar.gov.gi |access-date = 1 Jul 2023 |archive-date = 2 July 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230702070247/https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/uploads/statistics/2019/Reports/Abstract%20of%20Statistics%202016%20whole%20report.pdf |url-status = live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|San Marino}} | {{n+p|33950|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|May 2024|abbr=on}} | Monthly national estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.statistica.sm/pub1/StatisticaSM/en/Dati-statistici/Popolazione/Struttura-Demografica.html |title=Demographic structure |access-date=8 July 2024 |archive-date=26 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326182005/https://www.statistica.sm/on-line/en/home/statistics/population.html |url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | | {{Flagicon image|Local flag of the Collectivity of Saint Martin.svg}} [[Collectivity of Saint Martin|Saint Martin]] (France) | {{n+p|32358|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2020|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/6683019?sommaire=6683037#consulter |title=Populations légales des collectivités d'outre-mer en 2020 |website=www.insee.fr |access-date=27 Apr 2023 |archive-date=25 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425205704/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/6683019?sommaire=6683037#consulter |url-status=live}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|British Virgin Islands}} (UK) | {{n+p|31538|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2023|abbr=on}} | UN projection<ref name="unpop" /> || |- | | {{flag|Åland}} (Finland) | {{n+p|30604|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 May 2024|abbr=on}} | Monthly national estimate<ref name="pxnet2.stat.fi" /> || |- | | {{flag|Palau}} | {{n+p|16733|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2021|abbr=on}} | 2021 Census<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.palaugov.pw/executive-branch/ministries/finance/budgetandplanning/health-statistics/ |title=Health Statistics – PalauGov.pw |access-date=16 November 2022 |archive-date=9 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609150157/https://www.palaugov.pw/executive-branch/ministries/finance/budgetandplanning/health-statistics/ |url-status=live}}</ref>|| |- | | {{flag|Anguilla}} (UK) | {{n+p|15780|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|31 Dec 2022|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=http://statistics.gov.ai/ |title=Anguilla Statistics Department &#124; Home |website=statistics.gov.ai |access-date=16 November 2022 |archive-date=16 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116101412/http://statistics.gov.ai/ |url-status=live}}</ref>|| |- | | {{flag|Cook Islands}} | {{n+p|15040|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2021|abbr=on}} | 2021 Census<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mfem.gov.ck/statistics/census-and-surveys/census/267-census-2021 |title=Census 2021 - Cook Islands - Ministry of Finance and Economic Management |website=www.mfem.gov.ck |access-date=16 November 2022 |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630084401/https://www.mfem.gov.ck/statistics/census-and-surveys/census/267-census-2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>|| |- | | {{flag|Nauru}} | {{n+p|11680|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|30 Oct 2021|abbr=on}} | 2021 Census<ref>{{cite web |title=NAURU 2021 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS - ANALYTICAL REPORT |url=https://sdd.spc.int/news/2023/08/23/nauru-2021-population-and-housing-census-analytical-report |access-date=6 December 2023}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Wallis and Futuna|variant=local}} (France) | {{n+p|11620|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|July 24 2023|abbr=on}} | 2023 census result<ref>{{cite web |title=Résultats du recensement de la population 2023 de Wallis-et-Futuna |url=https://www.wallis-et-futuna.gouv.fr/Actualites/Les-chiffres-INSEE-du-recensement-2023-authentifies-sont-parus |access-date=16 July 2024}}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Tuvalu}} | {{n+p|10679|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2021|abbr=on}} | National annual projection<ref name="pacificdata" /> || |- | | {{flag|Saint Barthélemy|variant=local}} (France) | {{n+p|10585|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2020|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref name="auto"/> || |- | | {{flag|Saint Pierre and Miquelon|variant=local}} (France) | {{n+p|6092|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2020|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref name="auto"/> || |- | | {{flag|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha}} (UK) | {{n+p|5651|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2021|abbr=on}} | 2021 Census<ref>{{cite web |title=Saint Helena 2021 Population |url=https://www.tristandc.com/population.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121070744/https://www.tristandc.com/population.php |archive-date=21 Nov 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sainthelena.gov.sh/st-helena/statistics/ |title=Statistics |access-date=16 November 2022 |archive-date=26 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220726162858/https://www.sainthelena.gov.sh/st-helena/statistics/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ascension 2021 population |url=https://www.sainthelena.gov.sh/statistics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029005019/http://www.sainthelena.gov.sh/statistics/ |access-date=16 November 2022 |archive-date=29 October 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>|| |- | | {{flag|Montserrat}} (UK) | {{n+p|4386|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|23 Sep 2023|abbr=on}} | 2023 census result<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.ms/2024/04/19/key-findings-of-the-2023-population-and-housing-census/ |title=KEY FINDINGS OF THE 2023 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS |access-date=16 July 2024 }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Falkland Islands}} (UK) | {{n+p|3662|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|10 Oct 2021|abbr=on}} | 2021 census result<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.falklands.gov.fk/policy/2021-census/census |title = 2021 Census - Preliminary Data Tables |date = 25 Oct 2022 |website = falklands.gov.fk |access-date = 1 Jul 2023 |archive-date = 11 June 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230611234237/https://www.falklands.gov.fk/policy/2021-census/census |url-status = live }}</ref> || |- | | {{flag|Norfolk Island}} (Australia) | {{n+p|2188|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2021|abbr=on}} | 2021 Census<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/SAL90004 |title=2021 Norfolk Island, Census All persons QuickStats &#124; Australian Bureau of Statistics |website=www.abs.gov.au |access-date=16 November 2022 |archive-date=1 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101225958/https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/SAL90004 |url-status=live}}</ref>|| |- | | {{flag|Christmas Island}} (Australia) | {{n+p|1692|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2021|abbr=on}} | 2021 Census <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/LGA51710 |title=2021 Christmas Island, Census All persons QuickStats &#124; Australian Bureau of Statistics |website=www.abs.gov.au |access-date=16 November 2022 |archive-date=24 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224054405/https://abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/LGA51710 |url-status=live}}</ref>|| |- | | {{flag|Niue}} (New Zealand) | {{n+p|1681|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|11 Nov 2022|abbr=on}} | 2022 Census <ref>{{cite web |url=https://niuestatistics.nu/population/niue-census-of-population-and-housing-2022 |title=Niue Census of Population and Housing, 2022 Niue Statistics Office |date=30 August 2023 |website=niuestatistics.nu |access-date=6 December 2023}} </ref>|| |- | | {{flag|Tokelau}} (New Zealand) | {{n+p|1647|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jan 2019|abbr=on}} | 2019 Census <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tokelau.org.nz/Stats.html |title=Statistics |website=www.tokelau.org.nz |access-date=16 November 2022 |archive-date=30 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830214712/https://www.tokelau.org.nz/Stats.html |url-status=live}}</ref>|| |- | | {{flag|Vatican City}} | {{n+p|764|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|26 June 2023|abbr=on}} | Official figure<ref name=va>{{cite web |url=https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/stato-governo/note-generali/popolazione.html |title=Population |publisher=Vatican City State |date=26 June 2023 |website=www.vaticanstate.va |access-date=16 August 2023 |language=it |archive-date=17 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517063650/https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/stato-governo/note-generali/popolazione.html |url-status=live }}</ref> || {{efn|764 residents regardless of citizenship, 618 citizens regardless of residence, 246 resident citizens.<ref name=va/>}} |- | | {{flag|Cocos (Keeling) Islands}} (Australia) | {{n+p|593|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|30 Jun 2020|abbr=on}} | 2021 Census<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/LGA51860 |title=2021 Cocos Islands, Census All persons QuickStats &#124; Australian Bureau of Statistics |website=www.abs.gov.au |access-date=16 November 2022 |archive-date=16 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116101418/https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/LGA51860 |url-status=live}}</ref>|| |- | | {{flag|Pitcairn Islands}} (UK) | {{n+p|40|{{worldpop}}|sigfig=1|disp=table}} || {{dts|1 Jul 2021|abbr=on}} | Official estimate<ref>{{cite web |title=Pitcairn Islands Tourism |url=http://www.visitpitcairn.pn |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510031311/https://visitpitcairn.pn |archive-date=10 May 2024 |access-date=6 July 2024 |website=visitpitcairn.pn}}</ref>|| |} ==Related pages== *[[List of countries by population (United Nations)]] ==References== {{Reflist}}e * CIA, 9 August, 2005. '''Notes''' <references group="lower-alpha"/> {{DEFAULTSORT:countries by population, List of}} [[Category:Lists of countries|*Population]] 6utulk6g20wrytvpduopa7aytjylf33 0 4900 10367744 10173722 2025-07-02T14:29:01Z 180.150.36.182 10367744 wikitext text/x-wiki A '''house''' is a building that is made for people to live in. It is usually built for a [[family]] (parents and their children).<ref>''Macmillan Dictionary for Students'' Macmillan, Pan Ltd. (1981), page 499. Retrieved 2010-7-23.</ref> It is a "permanent" building that is meant to stay standing. It is not easily packed up and carried away like a [[tent]], or moved like a [[Mobile home|caravan]]. If people live in the same house for more than a short stay, then they call it their "home". Being without a home is called [[homelessness]]. Houses are usually numbered. Some are also named. Houses are usually occupied by a single [[family]] or housemates, like in the cases of [[Group home|group homes]] and [[Boarding house|boarding houses]]. Houses come in many different shapes, sizes and architectural styles. They range from one room [[shack]]<nowiki/>s and [[cabin]]<nowiki/>s to the largest of [[palace]]<nowiki/>s, [[mansion]]<nowiki/>s and [[castle]]<nowiki/>s. Houses also are made many different materials from [[Thatching|thatch]] and wood , to brick, stone and modern materials like metal. Typically, a house contains only one to three floor levels/ [[storey]]<nowiki/>s, but four or more stories are common in urban and waterfront areas. [[Basement]]<nowiki/>s are common in certain climatic zones. Houses can be standard shaped or can take unorthodox shapes such as of [[dome]]<nowiki/>s and [[pyramid]]<nowiki/>s. Houses can be detached stand-alone buildings or joined to other houses at the sides to make a "terrace" or "row house" (a connected row of houses). A big building with many levels and apartments is called "a block of flats" (British) or an [[apartment]] building. One of the differences between a house and an apartment is that a house has a front door to the outside world, whereas the main door of an apartment usually opens onto a passage or landing that can be used by other people in the building. Houses have a [[roof]] to keep off the rain and sun, and walls to keep out the wind and cold. They have [[window]] openings to let in light, and a floor. Houses of different places may look different to each other, because of different materials, [[climate]], and styles. If a house is important and historic enough, it can be a [[museum]] showcasing how the house's residents lived. == Types == [[File:Mansión Masoudieh, Teherán, Irán, 2016-09-17, DD 58.jpg|thumb|right|A mansion house in [[Tehran]], [[Iran]]]] Most houses have special areas or rooms for people to do the things that they need to live comfortably. A modern house has a place to cook food, a place to eat, places to sleep and a place to wash. These things are usually done in separate rooms, which are called the [[kitchen]], the sitting room, the [[bedroom]]s, the [[bathroom]], the [[toilet]] (or lavatory). Many houses have a separate [[dining room]] for eating meals and a separate [[washing machine|laundry]]. In some houses the toilet is in the bathroom, and in other houses it is separate. Many houses may also have a "study" or computer room and a "family room" where the children can play games and watch television. [[File:Single-family home2.jpg|thumb|A newly built detached house in the US.|279x279px]] === Detached house === In some countries such as the [[United States]], [[Canada]], [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]] many families live in a "detached house" or "single-family home" which is separate from other buildings and surrounded by its own yard, but can be close enough to town to have shops, good transport and entertainment nearby, in a [[suburb]]an "bedroom community \ [[commuter town]], or in a remote rural area. In many other countries, including most of [[Europe]], owning a house like this is something that only the richer families can afford, and is just a dream for most people. [[File:Jakarta slumlife16.JPG|thumb|right|A house in Jakarta]] === Houses in very poor places === In many very poor countries, a lot of people live crowded in houses with only one room. They often have to share a toilet with many other families, and have to do the cooking outside. The house might be made of materials that can be found nearby like mud bricks and grass or from second-hand materials like corrugated iron and cardboard boxes. In many cities there are thousands of small houses crowded together with narrow alleys between them. [[File:EastGarstonCottages(AndrewSmith)Aug2006.jpg|thumb|Cottages in the village of East Garston in England]] === Cottage === A small house is often called a [[cottage]]. In England, where this word comes from, it is used to mean a house that has one main storey, with a second, lower storey of bedrooms which fit under the roof upstairs. Cottages are usually found in [[village]]s or in the [[countryside]]. They are nearly always built from material that can be found nearby. In many places the word cottage is used to mean a small old-fashioned house. In the United States the word cottage is often used to mean a small holiday home. ===Tiny=== A tiny house is one that's usually 500sqft / 48sqm in size and typically built on a [[trailer]] or [[barge]] and thus portable. Tiny houses can also be built on smaller versions of conventional [[foundation]]s. === Semi-detached or duplex === [[File:Numbers 550 to 556 Lordship Lane N22.jpg|thumb|Semi-detached houses in England]] A semi-detached house is a building that has two houses side by side and covered over by just one big roof. Each house has a pathway to one side, leading from the front to the backyard. Semi-detached houses are very common in some cities, and can be single storey or several storeys high. === Terraced houses === A row or [[terraced house]] is a house that is part of a row of houses joined at the side walls. Many cities and towns have thousands of row houses because they are a good way to build several houses close together. Many row houses have two rooms downstairs and two rooms upstairs, with a kitchen or wash area at the back. Houses like this were built for poor factory workers and coal miners in many cities and towns. "Terrace houses" are a type of row house where each house looks like the others. [[File:Panorama of the Royal Crescent - panoramio.jpg|left|thumb|Royal Crescent, Bath, England]] Row houses are not always small. Some cities have large beautiful row houses, such as the [[Royal Crescent]], which was built in the [[1770s]] at [[Bath, Somerset|Bath]] in England and is a famous example of [[Georgian architecture]]. === Bungalow === [[File:SydneyBuilding0129.jpg|thumb|A bungalow in Sydney]] In some places, the word "bungalow" is used for any house that is all on one level. The word came from India and for a long time was used for a house that is built all or mostly on one level (though it can have an [[attic]] and or [[basement]]) and has a [[veranda]] where people can sit or work outdoors, but under a shady roof. A bungalow often has a hall down the middle of the house to let the breeze blow through. Bungalows are often seen in countries with hot summers, in India, South East Asia, South Africa, parts of the United States, South America, Australia and New Zealand. In regions with flooding, a bungalow is often built up on wooden "stilts" or a high basement. In the 1800s, bungalows were nearly always built of wood, but from the 1920s it became fashionable to build them of brick as well. [[File:0 Nobressart - Ancienne ferme.JPG|thumb|left|A farmhouse in Belgium]] === Farmhouse === A farmhouse may look like a cottage, a bungalow or a mansion. In many countries a farmhouse can look different to a house in a town. As well as having a place for people to live, it also has a place for animals. Three typical types of farmhouses are found. Many farm houses are long and have two doors. One door leads to the rooms used by the family. The other door opens into a stable for the cows, sheep and chickens. The [[stable]] part often has a loft where hay can be kept to feed the animals in the winter. Another type of farmhouse has two storeys with a big stable and storeroom underneath, with the rooms for the family on the upper floor. Another type of farmhouse has buildings such as the family house, the barn and the stable all joined around a central courtyard. Old farmhouses of these three types can be found in many parts of Europe and Great Britain. === Mansion === [[File:Dalfsen Havezathe Den Berg.jpg|thumb|A mansion in Netherlands]] A mansion is a big grand house, usually with two stories and sometimes more. A mansion often has beautiful architecture, and shows that the person for whom it was designed and built was rich. Mansions often have beautiful gardens. Sometimes a mansion does not belong to a private family, but to a town council, to a big business company, to a church or college and is an [[official residence]] for a person with an important job to live and to entertain guests. A mansion often has rooms which are not found in ordinary houses, such as a drawing room, a ballroom, a [[library]] and a music room. Mansions often need servants to help keep them in order and have [[servants' quarters]] and special rooms where the servants do particular jobs such as cleaning. Well-known mansions are the [[White House]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] where the [[President of the United States]] lives and Mansion House in London where the [[Lord Mayor of London]] lives. [[File:Harewood House, seen from the garden.JPG|thumb|left|Harewood House is really a palace.]] ===Castle=== A [[castle]] is a fortified house constructed in the [[medieval]] period, or a house constructed to look like a medieval fortification. Castles protected [[feudal]] lords from their attacking enemies. In later periods, castles were built as part of romanticist revival movements of the 19th and early 20th centuries. === Palace === A [[palace]] is a house that is very grand for people like Kings and Queens, or other rich people. Many palaces are homes of royal or aristocratic people. Some old palaces been changed by people who lived there over many hundreds of years. One of the best-known palaces in the world is [[Buckingham Palace]], a royal palace in [[London]]. The largest palace in the world is the [[Louvre]] which was built in [[Paris]] for the Kings of [[France]]. It now holds a famous art gallery. {{Further|Palace}} == Building materials == Houses are usually built from types of material that can easily be made or bought near the place where the house is built. Because of this, old houses in different towns and different villages look quite different to each other, even in the same country. In modern times building materials can be transported easily and this means that a builder can choose materials from far away. === Mud and clay === [[File:Bahareque llanos house from Venezuela.JPG|thumb|A farmhouse in Venezuela made of wooden slats and clay daub.]] In many parts of the world, mud or clay are the main building materials. [[Clay]] is a type of soil that sticks together more strongly than most other types of soil. There are three main ways of building walls with mud and clay. * One way to make a house of clay is simply to pile up the mud or wet clay with the hands, and flatten it into a wall shape. Often animal hair, straw and dung is mixed with the mud so that the fibres (stringy bits) help hold it together. Some wooden beams and thin wooden slats are used to hold the roof, which is also made of mud or clay. The roof is flat and strong enough to walk on, but must slope a bit, in case of rain. The walls are often protected from rain with plaster and paint. In many countries the walls are usually white, but in other places all the houses are painted different bright clolours. These types of houses are only found in very dry countries. Houses built in this way give good protection against the very hot sun and hot dry winds of the dessert. In the cold nights they stay quite warm. * A second way to make the walls of a house out of mud of clay is "wattle and daub". "Wattle" is weaving from sticks. First, long sticks are stuck into the ground and then very thin sticks are woven through them, like making a basket. The thin wattle wall is then "daubed" or stuck all over on the inside and the outside with damp clay, mud or plaster, usually with some chopped straw or animal hair to help it stick together. "Wattle and daub" are often found in quite damp places where bendy willow trees or acacias (also called "wattle trees") grow. The walls need good protection from the rain, so houses like this often have roofs that have big "eaves"; the roof sticks out all around the house so that the water does not run down the walls. "Wattle and daub" houses often have big roofs made of straw, reeds, banana leaves, palm leaves, wooden shingles or big sheets of bark. * A third way to make a house of mud or clay is to shape the wet soil into bricks before building the walls. The [[brick]]<nowiki/>s can be shaped by hand, but more often they are shaped in boxes or "moulds" so that all the bricks are just the same size and shape. They are left in the hot sun until they have dried hard. Then walls can be made which are the same thickness all the way up. Clay bricks that are dried in the sun were used in [[Egypt]] and [[Mesopotamia]] for thousands of years. [[File:Buccleuch Cottages Beaulieu New Forest.jpg|thumb|left|Brick and tile houses in Beaulieu, England]] === Fired bricks === It was discovered that if clay was used, rather than mud, very strong [[brick]]s could be made by "firing" (or baking) them in a "[[kiln]]" (a special oven). "Fired" bricks were like [[pottery]]; they did not wash away easily in [[rain]] and would sometimes last for thousands of years. The bricks were joined to each other with a type of [[cement]] called "[[Mortar (masonry)|mortar]]". Some houses built by the Ancient Romans are still standing 2000 years later. Bricks became one of the most common building materials. In most cities, nearly all the houses are built of bricks because they are long lasting, they do not need repairing very often. Brick houses are generally made strong by having all the main walls two bricks thick. Two walls are built side by side which are "bonded" (or joined to each other) by having some bricks set so they make a bridge between the two layers. The pattern of the bonded bricks can be seen from the outside. The two main patterns are called "Flemish Bond" and "British Bond". [[File:Domki budnicze Poznań.jpg|thumb|Tall narrow city houses of Poznań are painted in different colours.]] :Because brick walls are heavy, a brick house needs to have a very firm base or "[[Foundation (engineering)|foundation]]" to sit on. This often means digging deep into the ground to lay a foundation before a brick house can be built. :Houses with brick walls often have tiled roofs, because the tiles can often be made at the brick factory. :Modern bricks and tiles come in a big range of colours, because different materials can be transported from different areas. People who are employing a builder to build a home are nowadays often shown pictures of all the colours of bricks and tiles that are available. This means that although in old towns, every house is made of the same type of bricks, in a modern suburb every house may look quite different. The bricks range from white through shades of red, yellow and brown and are sometimes very patterned, while the roof tiles include blue, green and yellow as well as the traditional red, orange and brown. * In some countries, the clay for bricks does not set very hard, and washes away more easily. If the bricks are not very hard, then it is usual to cover them with plaster or cement, which can then be painted. In other places, brick walls are not very fashionable so the walls are plastered and made more elegant with decoration. Plastering or cementing over brickwork is called "render" or "stucco". In many countries such as Austria, Italy and Spain, the brick houses are usually covered with stucco and are often painted cream, yellow, orange, pink, red or "orchre" (which is a mustard colour). [[File:Maplecroft.jpg|thumb|left|"Maplecroft" is an historic timber house in Texas]] === Timber === Houses made of [[timber]] are found wherever there are, or there has once been big forests. Timber houses are also often found in seaside towns where the sea air makes brick and stone houses feel cold and damp. * One of the oldest ways to make a timber house is to cut tree-trunks into logs. The logs are then split in half so that there is a flat side for the inside of the wall and a round side for the outside. The logs then have big "notches' or holes cut into the ends, so that when they are piled up, the logs lock together at the corners of the building without any nails. These [[log cabin]]s can be seen in Canada, in Switzerland, in Scandinavia, in Eastern Europe and in Japan. * Many houses are made with a wooden "frame" or skeleton. On the outside of the frame, to keep out the weather, rows of flat boards are nailed, which overlap each other so that the rain cannot come in. Walls like this are called "clapboard" or "weatherboard". Clapboard houses are generally painted to preserve the timber. In England and some parts of the United States, they are nearly always painted white. In Australia where "weatherboard" houses are very common, they are usually painted in bright colours. In England and Australia, clapboard houses are usually quite small, but in the United States there are very many grand mansions that are built in this way. * Some houses with a wooden frame have a brick wall on the outside and a wall of plastered board on the inside. This is called "brick veneer". [[File:Weilburg - Tiergarten - Dillhäuser Bauernhaus.jpg|thumb|A half-timbered farmhouse in Germany]] === Half-timbered houses === A well-known type of old-fashioned house is the "half-timbered" house. These are seen in the British Isles, France, and across northern Europe and the Alps. These houses date mainly from about 1200 to about 1800. * Half-timbered houses have a wooden frame built up of lots of thick timber pieces that are generally quite short. The timbers are arranged in a pattern with lots of diagonal pieces to act as braces. The strong wooden frame is then filled in with all sorts of other material. In some houses the "infil" is mainly of brick. In other houses, "wattle and daub" is used between the timber. Other houses have infill of "rubble" (rough stones) in clay or mud. The "infil is generally plastered over and painted white (or in some places a colour) while the timbers are often stained black. If they are not stained, they turn pale silvery grey. Hundreds of these houses exist, including some that are quite grand. In the 1800s and early 1900s, there was a fashion to copy "half-timbering" on modern brick houses. [[File:Blundells' cottage.jpg|thumb|left|A cottage of "undressed" stone with brick chimneys in Australia]] [[File:Benslie cottages.JPG|thumb|left|A cottage of "dressed" stone in Scotland]] === Stone houses === In places where there is lots of stone, many houses are built of it. In many parts of the world, little cottages are built of stone. Many mansions and palaces are also built of stone, as are nearly all castles. * Some of the oldest houses in the world are made of stone, because stone lasts a long time. They are circular houses with walls of flat stone slabs laid carefully on each other. The walls sloped gently inwards to meet in a stone roof. Other prehistoric stone houses had roofs of thatch. * In parts of the world where there is stone that can be broken into flat slabs, then walls can be built up without any "mortar" to join the stones together. But the wind blows through the gaps, so the walls need timber or render on the inside, to keep out the weather. Stone houses of this type often have roofs made of flat stones as well. Stone roofs are very heavy and are laid on very thick beams. * Many stone cottages are built of [[flint]] or "rubble" or "cobble". These are broken stones that are brought from nearby hills, or stones picked up from the farmer's fields, or gathered from a river bed. The walls are built up with stones and mortar. In some places where flint is used, the hard stones are split or "knapped" so that when they are placed on the outside of the wall, they show a shiny flat surface which is more attractive than the dull lumpy outside of a flintstone. * Some types of stone, particularly [[limestone]] and [[sandstone]], can easily be cut into big blocks that can be built up like bricks. It can also be "dressed" or smoothed on its surfaces. In villages that are near a limestone or sandstone [[quarry]] where the stone is cut, many of the cottages are built of neatly cut stones. But in towns that are far away from the quarries, it is only the mansions and palaces that are built of stone, because it is very heavy and expensive to carry across the country. * The good thing about the types of stone that are used for grand houses is that they can easily be carved into decoration. Grand houses often have decorative carvings around the doors and windows. The building stones may also have special textures at the basement or the corners of the building. * Grand stone houses often have roofs of thin stone called slate. They also have roofs of expensive materials like [[copper]] and [[lead]]. === Making modern houses === [[File:Prefabricated house construction.gif|thumb|Building a modern house from pre-made pieces.|421x421px]] Modern houses are often made of "pre-fabricated" parts that are partly built in a factory, and are easy to put together at the site of the building. Many different types of materials for making houses have been developed in the 20th century. * Many houses are now made with steel frames put together with rivets and bolts. * Walls and roofs can be made of boards that combine fibre with cement. These boards are thin, light in weight to transport, easy to put on the frame, and much cheaper than bricks or timber. A similar material can be made into roof tiles. * Metal roofing can be rolled into thin sheets, and made in many different colours, with matching gutters and downpipes. == Notes and references == * Nicholas Pevsner, ''An Outline of European Architecture'', Pelican, ISBN * Trewin Copplestone, Ed., ''World Architecture'', Paul Hamlyn, ISBN * John Summerson, ''Architecture in Britain'', Pelican, {{ISBN|0140560033}} * Trevor Yorke, ''Tracing the History of Villages'', Countryside Books, {{ISBN|1-85306-712-1}} * Richard Reid, ''The Book of Buildings, the Architecture of Europe and North America'', Peerage Books, {{ISBN|0-907408-89-3}} * R. Apperly, R. Irving and P.Reynolds, ''A Pictorial Guide to Identifying Australian Architecture'', Angus and Robertson's, {{ISBN|0-207-16201-8}} * W.R. Dalziel, ''All-Colour Guide to Architecture'', Grosset and Dunlap, {{ISBN|0-448-00863-7}} {{reflist}} [[Category:Basic English 850 words]] [[Category:Houses| ]] 9gc7dae0m136zuomzuwjvg2r17cm40j 0 5909 10369246 10353373 2025-07-03T08:55:25Z Cactusisme 1477024 /* National flower */ 10369246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}} {{good}} {{Infobox country | common_name = Singapore | name = {{collapsible list | titlestyle = background:transparent; text-align:center; line-height:normal; font-size:84%; | title = {{resize|1.25em|Republic of Singapore}} | {{Infobox |subbox=yes |bodystyle=padding-top:0.5em; font-size:76%; font-weight:normal; |rowclass1 = mergedrow |label1=[[Standard Chinese|Chinese]] |data1={{lang|zh-SG|新加坡共和国}} |rowclass2 = mergedrow |label2=[[Malay language|Malay]]: |data2={{lang|ms|Republik Singapura}} |rowclass3 = mergedrow |label3=[[Tamil language|Tamil]]: |data3={{lang|ta|சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசு}} }} }} | image_flag = Flag of Singapore.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Singapore (blazon).svg | other_symbol = | national_motto = {{native phrase|ms|Majulah Singapura|italics=on|nolink=on}}<br />(English: "Onward, Singapore") | national_anthem = ''[[Majulah Singapura]]''<br />(English: "Onward, Singapore")<br /><div style="padding-top;">[[File:Majulah Singapura.ogg|center]]</div> | image_map = Singapore on the globe (Southeast Asia centered) zoom.svg | map_width = 280px | capital = '''Singapore'''{{efn|Singapore has no official distinct capital city as it is a [[city-state]].<ref name="City-state">{{cite web |title = Singapore |quote = The city, once a distinct entity, so came to dominate the island that the Republic of Singapore essentially became a city-state. |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Singapore-capital |access-date = 29 August 2019 }}</ref>}} | coordinates = {{Coord|1|17|N|103|50|E|type:city|display=inline,title}} | largest_settlement = | largest_settlement_type = | official_languages = {{unbulleted list |[[English language|English]]|[[Standard Chinese|Chinese]]|[[Malay Language|Malay]]|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]}} | languages_type = [[National language]] | languages = [[Malay language|Malay]] | ethnic_groups = {{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background:transparent; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; font-size:100%; | title = List of ethnicities|76% [[Chinese Singaporeans|Chinese]]|15% [[Malay Singaporeans|Malay]]|7.5% [[Indian Singaporeans|Indian]]|1.5% other}} | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref>[https://www.gov.sg/article/what-are-the-racial-proportions-among-singapore-citizens Population in Brief 2019]</ref> | ethnic_groups_year = 2019 | religion_year = 2015 | religion_ref = | religion = {{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;font-size:100%; | title = List of religions|33.2% [[Buddhism]] |18.8% [[Christianity]] |18.5% [[Irreligion|No religion]] |14.0% [[Islam]] |10.0% [[Taoism]] and<br />[[Chinese folk religion|folk religion]] |5.0% [[Hinduism]] |0.6% other }} | demonym = [[Singaporeans|Singaporean]] | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[one party dominant state|dominant-party]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[constitutional republic]] | leader_title1 = [[President of Singapore|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Tharman Shanmugaratnam]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Singapore|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Lawrence Wong]] | leader_title3 = [[Chief Justice of Singapore|Chief Justice]] | leader_name3 = [[Sundaresh Menon]] | leader_title4 = [[Speaker of the Parliament of Singapore|Parliament Speaker]] | leader_name4 = [[Seah Kian Peng]] | legislature = [[Parliament of Singapore|Parliament]] | upper_house = | lower_house = | sovereignty_type = Independence | sovereignty_note = from the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Malaysia]] | established_event1 = {{nowrap|[[Self-governance of Singapore|Self-governance]]}} | established_date1 = 3 June 1959 | established_event2 = {{nowrap|[[Malaysia Agreement]]}} | established_date2 = 16 September 1963 | established_event3 = [[Proclamation of Singapore]] | established_date3 = 9 August 1965 | established_event4 = [[ASEAN Declaration]] | established_date4 = 8 August 1967 | area_km2 = 731.0 | area_footnote = <ref name="total area of Singapore">{{cite web |title=Environment |website=Base |url=https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/search-by-theme/society/environment/latest-data |access-date=9 December 2020 }}</ref> | area_rank = 176th | population_estimate = {{increase}} 5,703,600{{efn|Of which 3,471,900 are citizens.<ref name="Population and Population Structure">{{cite web |title = Population and Population Structure |website = Singstat |publisher = Department of Statistics Singapore |url=https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/search-by-theme/population/population-and-population-structure/latest-data |access-date=5 August 2018 }}</ref>}} | population_estimate_year = 2019 | population_estimate_rank = 115th | population_density_km2 = 7,804 | population_density_sq_mi = 20,212 | population_density_rank = 2nd | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $615.698&nbsp;billion<ref name="IMFWEOSG">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=72&pr.y=7&sy=2017&ey=2024&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=576&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |title = World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019 |website=IMF.org |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |access-date=21 June 2020 }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2020 | GDP_PPP_rank = 36th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $107,604<ref name=IMFWEOSG /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 3rd | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $391.875&nbsp;billion<ref name=IMFWEOSG /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2020 | GDP_nominal_rank = 31st | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $68,487<ref name=IMFWEOSG /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 7th | Gini = 45.9 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2017 | Gini_change = steady <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="CIA">{{cite web|title=DISTRIBUTION OF FAMILY INCOME – GINI INDEX|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/223.html#SN|access-date=25 January 2019|archive-date=30 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130113028/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/223.html#SN|url-status=dead}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.938 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref>{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 11th | currency = [[Singapore dollar]] (S$) | currency_code = SGD | time_zone = [[Singapore Standard Time]] | utc_offset = +8 | antipodes = | date_format = {{abbr|dd|day}}/{{abbr|mm|month}}/{{abbr|yyyy|year}} | drives_on = [[Right- and left-hand traffic|left]] | calling_code = +65 | iso3166code = SG | cctld = .sg | today = | electricity = 230 V–50 Hz | official_website = {{URL|gov.sg}} }} '''Singapore''', officially the '''Republic of Singapore''', is a [[Sovereign state|sovereign]] [[country]] as well as a [[city-state]]. It is nicknamed as 'The Lion City', 'The Graden City' or 'The Little Red Dot'. It is an island state at the southern end of the [[Malay Peninsula]] in [[Southeast Asia]], between the [[Straits of Malacca]] and the [[South China Sea]]. Singapore is about one degree of latitude ({{Convert|137|km|disp=or}}) north of the [[equator]]. About 5.70 million [[wikt:people|people]] live in Singapore. About 3.31 million are [[Citizenship|citizens]]. Most of them are [[Ethnic group|ethnically]] [[Chinese people|Chinese]], [[Malays|Malay]], or [[Indian people|Indian]], as well as a smaller number of other Asians and Europeans. Present-day Singapore was founded in 1819 by [[Stamford Raffles]] as a trading post of the [[British Empire]]. During the [[Second World War]], Singapore was taken over by [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] in 1942, but returned to British control after Japan surrendered in 1945. Singapore started to govern itself in 1959, and in 1963 became part of the new federation of [[Malaysia]], together with Malaya, [[Sabah|North Borneo]], and [[Sarawak]]. Political and social differences led to Singapore being removed from the federation two years later, then becoming an independent country on its own. Most Singaporeans are [[Multilingualism|bilingual]].<ref name="MOE-LP">{{cite web|title=Language Programmes|url=http://www.moe.gov.sg/education/secondary/language-programmes/|accessdate=26 September 2011|publisher=Ministry of Education, Singapore}}</ref> The symbolic national [[language]] of Singapore is [[Malay language|Malay]]. Other [[official language]]s of Singapore are [[English language|English]], [[Mandarin language|Mandarin]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]].<ref name="statutes.agc.gov.sg">{{cite web |url=http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_getdata.pl?actno=1997-REVED-RSI&doctitle=REPUBLIC%20OF%20SINGAPORE%20INDEPENDENCE%20ACT%0A&date=latest&method=whole |title=Republic of Singapore Independence Act, 1997 revised edition |access-date=15 February 2011 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191457/http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_getdata.pl?actno=1997-REVED-RSI&doctitle=REPUBLIC%20OF%20SINGAPORE%20INDEPENDENCE%20ACT%0A&date=latest&method=whole |url-status=dead }}</ref> English is the language of choice because everyone in Singapore knows and uses it. It is the first language taught in schools and the language used by the [[government]] and in [[court]]. [[Student]]s are also usually taught the language of their [[ethnicity]]. This means that the Chinese will learn Mandarin, Malays will learn Malay, and so on. Students can also choose to learn a third language in [[secondary school]]. Singapore is also known as a "Garden City" or a "City in a Garden". This is because there are plants everywhere, making it look like a garden.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nparks.gov.sg/cms/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=78&Itemid=66|title=Our Garden City|publisher=National Parks Board, Singapore|accessdate=14 December 2010|archive-date=5 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605061107/http://www.nparks.gov.sg/cms/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=78&Itemid=66|url-status=dead}}</ref> Singapore has one of the highest [[standard of living|standards of living]] in the world, with very good [[education]], [[healthcare]], [[House|housing]], and very low [[corruption]]. It is also known for having many strict rules and [[punishment]]s, including [[fine]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Klein|first=Ezra|date=25 April 2017|title=Is Singapore's "miracle" health care system the answer for America?|url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/4/25/15356118/singapore-health-care-system-explained|access-date=27 April 2021|website=Vox|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=30 August 2018|title=What other countries can learn from Singapore's schools|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/leaders/2018/08/30/what-other-countries-can-learn-from-singapores-schools|access-date=27 April 2021|issn=0013-0613}}</ref> This is why it is also sometimes jokingly called a "fine" city. The government says this has helped Singapore be a very safe country.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A great place to live|url=https://www.edb.gov.sg/en/why-singapore/a-great-place-to-live.html|access-date=27 April 2021|website=edb.gov.sg}}</ref> Singapore is one of the founding members of [[ASEAN]]. == History == === Before 1819 === Singapore's name comes from 'Singa Pura', which means Lion City in [[Sanskrit]]. Many people around the world understand "Lion City" to refer to Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Flint|first=Sunshine|title=Living in: Singapore|url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20110628-living-in-singapore|access-date=28 April 2021|publisher=BBC|language=en}}</ref> There is some debate about who founded Singapore. According to the Malay Annals, a [[Sumatra]]n prince called Sang Nila Utama landed on Temasek (Singapore's old name) and saw a [[Lion]] which is called 'Singa' in Malay.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://app.www.sg/who/30/Early-Names.aspx | title=Early Names | publisher=sg | accessdate=1 October 2011 | archive-date=12 April 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412092432/http://app.www.sg/who/30/Early-Names.aspx | url-status=dead }}</ref> Thus he gave the [[island]] a new name, 'Singapura'.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_93_2005-01-26.html | title=Sang Nila Utama | publisher=National Library Board, Singapore | date=26 November 1999 | accessdate=1 October 2011 | author=Cornelius-Takahama, Vernon | archive-date=11 May 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511132343/http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_93_2005-01-26.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> However, Sang Nila Utama was likely mistaken, as lions never existed in Singapore. It is believed that the "lion" was actually a [[Malayan Tiger]], which also exists in neighbouring [[Malaysia]]. While now [[extinct]] in Singapore it used to be present back then.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malayan Tiger|url=https://www.wrs.com.sg/en/night-safari/animals-and-zones/malayan-tiger.html|access-date=28 April 2021|website=wrs.com.sg|language=en}}</ref> There were also many pieces of old items, such as Chinese coins, that showed that Temasek was an important Asian trading port even before the British rule.<ref name="The Straits Times 2016">{{cite web | title=No lions in Singapore but... | website=The Straits Times | date=21 May 2016 | url=https://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/no-lions-in-spore-but | access-date=3 May 2019 | archive-date=3 May 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503164301/https://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/no-lions-in-spore-but | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nlb.gov.sg/biblioasia/2019/01/23/looking-back-at-700-years-of-singapore/|title=Looking Back at 700 Years of Singapore|last=Yong|first=Tan Tai|website=BiblioAsia|language=en-US|access-date=3 May 2019 }}</ref> === 1819 to 1942 === [[File:Part of Singapore Island (British Library India Office Records, 1825, detail).jpg|thumb|left|Map of Singapore's port in 1825]] Few people lived in Singapore at the beginning of the 19th century. British governor [[Stamford Raffles]] arrived in Singapore on 28 January 1819 and wanted to set up a [[Britain|British]] [[trade|trading]] town.<ref>[http://visaonlinetovietnam.com/sir-stamford-raffles-founded-singapore/ Sir Stamford Raffles Founded Singapore]{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> At the time, the island was then ruled by Tengku Abdul Rahman, the Sultan of [[Johor]], who the [[Dutch Empire|Dutch]] and the Bugis from [[Sulawesi]] had controlled.<ref name="Trocki2009">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vA-CAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|title=Singapore: Wealth, Power and the Culture of Control|last=Trocki|first=Carl A.|publisher=Routledge|year=2009|isbn=978-1-134-50243-1|page=73}}</ref> However, the [[Sultanate]] was weakened by infighting: the Temenggong (Chief Minister) of Tengku Abdul Rahman, as well as his officials, supported the Sultan's elder brother Tengku Long, who was living in [[exile]] in [[Riau Islands|Riau]]. With the Temenggong's help, Raffles managed to secretly bring Tengku Long back into Singapore. Raffles offered to recognize Tengku Long as the true Sultan of Johor, under the title of Sultan Hussein, as well as giving him $5000 per year and another $3000 to the Temenggong; in return, Sultan Hussein would give the British the right to establish a trading post on Singapore.<ref name="uslcFounding">{{cite web|title=Singapore – Founding and Early Years|url=http://countrystudies.us/singapore/4.htm|access-date=18 July 2006|publisher=U.S. Library of Congress}}</ref> An official treaty was signed on 6 February 1819.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ng|first=Jenny|date=7 February 1997|title=1819 – The February Documents|url=http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/about_us/history/overview/the_early_years/v01n02b_history.html|access-date=18 July 2006|publisher=Ministry of Defence of Singapore|archive-date=17 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717065310/https://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/about_us/history/overview/the_early_years/v01n02b_history.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Milestones in Singapore's Legal History|url=http://app.supremecourt.gov.sg/default.aspx?pgID=39|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927183512/http://app.supremecourt.gov.sg/default.aspx?pgID=39|archive-date=27 September 2007|access-date=18 July 2006|publisher=Supreme Court of Singapore}}</ref> In 1824, another treaty with the Sultan led to the entire island becoming under the British.<ref name="Founding of Modern Singapore">{{cite web|title=Founding of Modern Singapore|url=http://app.www.sg/who/32/Founding-of-Modern-Singapore.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508135636/http://app.www.sg/who/32/Founding-of-Modern-Singapore.aspx|archive-date=8 May 2009|access-date=13 April 2011|publisher=Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts}}</ref> In 1826, Singapore became part of the Straits Settlements. Singapore became the regional capital in 1836.<ref>{{cite web|title=East & South-East Asia Titles: Straits Settlements Annual Reports (Singapore, Penang, Malacca, Labuan) 1855–1941|url=http://www.archiveeditions.co.uk/titledetails.asp?tid=17|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609014003/http://www.archiveeditions.co.uk/titledetails.asp?tid=17|archive-date=9 June 2012|access-date=31 July 2012|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}</ref> Before Raffles arrived, there were only about a thousand people living on the island, mostly [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malays]] along with a handful of Chinese.<ref name="The Malays">{{cite web|title=The Malays|url=http://yesterday.sg/discover-more/communities-festivals/communities/the-malays/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223000344/http://yesterday.sg/discover-more/communities-festivals/communities/the-malays/|archive-date=23 February 2011|access-date=28 July 2011|publisher=National Heritage Board 2011}}</ref> By 1860, the population had grown to over 80,000, more than half being [[Chinese Singaporeans|Chinese]].<ref name="Founding of Modern Singapore" /><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924023134368#page/n227/mode/2up|title=Twentieth century impressions of British Malaya: its history, people, commerce, industries, and resources|last=Sanderson|first=Reginald|date=1907|editor1-last=Wright|editor1-first=Arnold|pages=220–221|editor2-last=Cartwright|editor2-first=H.A.}}</ref> The country was given [[colony]] status in [[1867]]. Later, in the 1890s, when the [[rubber]] industry became established in Malaya and Singapore, the island became a global center for sorting rubber and exporting them.<ref name="Founding of Modern Singapore" /><ref>{{cite web|title=First Rubber Trees are Planted in Singapore – 1877|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/a8ceea4c-1c8b-4c9a-885c-b85038b39e4c|website=History SG|publisher=National Library Board Singapore}}</ref> ==== World War I ==== Singapore was not really affected by the [[First World War]] (1914–18), as the conflict did not spread to [[Southeast Asia]]. The only significant event during the war was the 1915 Singapore Mutiny by [[Muslim]] soldiers from British India, who were stationed in Singapore.<ref name="Brill1">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cON5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA17|title=The Indian Army in the Two World Wars|date=14 October 2011|publisher=Brill Publishers|isbn=978-90-04-21145-2|pages=17–18}}</ref> After hearing news that they were to be sent to fight the [[Ottoman Empire]] in Europe, a Muslim state, the soldiers killed their officers and several British civilians before the mutiny was stopped by non-Muslim troops arriving from [[Johore]] and [[Burma]].<ref>{{cite web|title=1915 Singapore Mutiny|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_570_2005-01-24.html|website=National Library Board|publisher=National Library Board Singapore}}</ref> ==== Interwar period ==== After [[World War I]], the British built the large Singapore Naval Base as part of the defensive [[Singapore strategy]].<ref name="Stille2016">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gHe9DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5|title=Malaya and Singapore 1941–42: The fall of Britain's empire in the East|last=Stille|first=Mark|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|year=2016|isbn=978-1-4728-1124-0|pages=5–6}}</ref> First announced in 1921, the construction of the base went at a slow pace until the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931. Costing $60 million and not fully completed in 1938, it was the largest dry dock in the world, the third-largest floating dock, and had enough fuel tanks to support the entire [[British Navy]] for six months.<ref name="Stille2016" /><ref name="Hobbs2017">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FVEgDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5|title=The British Pacific Fleet: The Royal Navy's Most Powerful Strike Force|last=Hobbs|first=David|publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=2017|isbn=978-1-61251-917-3|page=5}}</ref> The base was defended by heavy naval guns stationed at Fort Siloso, Fort Canning and Labrador Park, as well as a [[Royal Air Force]] airfield at Tengah Air Base. [[Winston Churchill]] called Singapore the "[[Gibraltar]] of the East", and military discussions often referred to the base as just "East of Suez".<ref name="Tan2008">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BH88kpvyrdYC&pg=PA90|title=Marshall of Singapore: A Biography|last=Tan|first=Kevin|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies|year=2008|isbn=978-981-230-878-8|pages=90–}}</ref> However, the main fleet was in Europe, and the British did not have enough money to build a second fleet to protect their Asian colonies. The plan was for the Home Fleet to sail quickly to Singapore in the event of an emergency. As a result, after [[World War II]] broke out in 1939, the fleet was busy defending Britain from [[Nazi Germany|Germany]], leaving Singapore open for a Japanese invasion.<ref name="LambTarling2001">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4izcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA39|title=From Versailles to Pearl Harbor: The Origins of the Second World War in Europe and Asia|last1=Lamb|first1=Margaret|last2=Tarling|first2=Nicholas|date=2001|publisher=Macmillan International Higher Education|isbn=978-1-4039-3772-8|page=39}}{{Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BH88kpvyrdYC&pg=PA90|title=Marshall of Singapore: A Biography|last=Tan|first=Kevin|year=2008|isbn=978-981-230-878-8}}</ref> === World War II === [[File:JapaneseMarchSgpCity.jpg|thumb|200px|The Japanese marching in Singapore during the World War II period]] {{Main|Japanese Occupation of Singapore}} Due to the weak [[defense (military)|defenses]] of the country, the Japanese attacked Singapore and easily took control of the colony on [[15 February]] [[1942]]. Up to 60,000 British soldiers surrendered on that day. Churchill called it "the worst disaster and largest capitulation in British history".<ref>{{cite news|date=15 February 1942|title=On This Day&nbsp;– 15 February 1942: Singapore forced to surrender|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/15/newsid_3529000/3529447.stm|access-date=1 May 2007}}</ref> There were a lot of losses by both the British and the rest of the [[British Empire|Empire]], with a total of nearly 85,000 people captured.{{sfn|Wigmore|1957|p=382}} About 5,000 were killed or injured, many from [[Australia]] and [[India]]. The people of Singapore went through hard times during the Japanese rule, until the surrender of the Japanese in September of [[1945]]. Many people were [[torture]]d or killed by the Japanese as they did not follow the rules properly or because they were suspected of going against the Japanese. The Japanese also targeted the Chinese the most; between 5,000 and 25,000 Chinese were killed, now known as the Sook Ching massacre.<ref>{{cite web|last=Leitch Lepoer|first=Barbara|year=1989|title=Singapore, Shonan: Light of the South|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+sg0027)|access-date=29 January 2011|website=Library of Congress Country Studies|publisher=[[Government Printing Office]]|location=Washington, DC}}</ref> The most notable anti-Japanese force was [[Force 136]], headed by [[Lim Bo Seng]]. Its purpose was to encourage and supply resistance movements in the enemy-occupied territory and occasionally mount sabotage operations.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Force 136 (Operation Gustavus in Malaya) {{!}} Infopedia|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_68_2005-02-02.html|access-date=27 April 2021|website=eresources.nlb.gov.sg}}</ref> The hard times during [[World War II]] made the people think that the British were not as strong as before. Therefore, many people supported [[independence]] once the British had returned.<ref name="auto1">{{cite news|date=4 September 2005|title=The real Japanese surrender|newspaper=The Sunday Times|location=Singapore|url=http://staff.science.nus.edu.sg/~sivasothi/blog/pdf/jap_surrender-st04sep2005.pdf|url-status=dead|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080119210334/http://staff.science.nus.edu.sg/~sivasothi/blog/pdf/jap_surrender-st04sep2005.pdf|archive-date=19 January 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.parliament.gov.sg/Education/edu-fun-timeline.htm |title=Home/Education/Fun stuff/Timeline |access-date=19 December 2010 |archive-date=25 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225114202/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/Education/edu-fun-timeline.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Independence === A few years after the war, in [[1963]], Singapore joined with [[British Malaya|Malaya]], [[Sabah]] and [[Sarawak]] to form the new nation of [[Malaysia]]. Malaysia is a country with many [[race (sociology)|races]]. In Malaya, only the [[Malays]] have special benefits. For example, the Malays could get university education more easily than other races. As most people in Singapore are [[Chinese language|Chinese]], Singapore wanted [[Social equality|equality]] for all the people of Malaysia. Singapore also wanted a common market to be set up so that goods to Malaysia would not be taxed. However, this was not done and caused arguments between the [[state]] [[government]] of Singapore and the [[Federal republic|federal]] government of Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore separates from Malaysia and becomes independent – Singapore History|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/dc1efe7a-8159-40b2-9244-cdb078755013|access-date=27 April 2021|website=eresources.nlb.gov.sg}}</ref> Singapore separated from Malaysia and became [[independent]] on its own on [[9 August]] [[1965]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Road to Independence |url=http://countrystudies.us/singapore/10.htm |publisher=U.S. Library of Congress |accessdate=13 December 2010}}</ref> === After Independence === After Independence, the president of Singapore was [[Yusof Ishak]] and its prime minister was [[Lee Kuan Yew]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://app.www.sg/who/39/Independence.aspx | title=Independence | publisher=Ministry of Information, Communication and the Arts | accessdate=23 October 2011 | archive-date=22 October 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111022141048/http://app.www.sg/who/39/Independence.aspx | url-status=dead }}</ref> At first, many people thought Singapore's independence would not last.<ref>{{Cite web|title=People's Action Party: Post-independence years {{!}} Infopedia|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2015-02-04_103701.html|access-date=12 May 2021|website=eresources.nlb.gov.sg}}</ref> In 1967, Singapore helped to start the [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations]] and in 1970 it joined the [[Non-Aligned Movement]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.aseansec.org/the-founding-of-asean/ | title=The Founding of ASEAN | publisher=ASEAN Secretariat | accessdate=23 October 2011 | archive-date=12 July 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712084300/http://www.aseansec.org/the-founding-of-asean/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> Lee Kuan Yew was in charge of the country as [[Prime Minister of Singapore]] and saw it become very [[developed country|developed]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://app.mti.gov.sg/default.asp?id=545 | title=Growing Our Economy – Economic Development | publisher=Ministry of Trade and Industry – Singapore | accessdate=23 October 2011 | archive-date=26 September 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926064212/http://app.mti.gov.sg/default.asp?id=545 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title=The Singapore Story : memoirs of Lee Kuan Yew | publisher=Times Editions ; Singapore Press Holdings | author=Lee Kuan Yew | year=1998 | isbn=9812049835}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title=From Third World To First, The Singapore Story: 1965–2000, Memoirs Of Lee Kuan Yew (Vol. 2) | publisher=Times Editions, Singapore Press Holdings | author=Lee Kuan Yew | year=2000 | location=Singapore | isbn=9789812049841}}</ref> In 1990, [[Goh Chok Tong]] replaced Lee Kuan Yew as prime minister, while Lee Kuan Yew became [[Senior Minister]]. When Goh Chok Tong was Prime Minister, Singapore went through the [[1997 Asian financial crisis]], the 2003 [[SARS]] outbreak and [[terrorist]] threats by [[Jemaah Islamiyah]]. In 2004, [[Lee Hsien Loong]], the son of Lee Kuan Yew, took over as Prime Minister. Goh Chok Tong became the Senior Minister, and Lee Kuan Yew became the [[Minister Mentor]] of Singapore. Lee Kuan Yew died in 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|date=23 March 2015|title=Singapore's founding father Lee Kuan Yew dies at 91|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-32012346|access-date=27 April 2021}}</ref> == Government and politics == [[File:Parliament House Singapore.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Singapore's [[Parliament of Singapore|Parliament House]].]] Singapore is a [[parliamentary republic]] with a [[Westminster system]] of [[Unicameralism|unicameral]] parliamentary government representing [[Constituency|constituencies]]. [[Constitution of Singapore|Its constitution]] states [[representative democracy]] as its political system.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html |title=World Factbook – Singapore |publisher=U.S. Central Intelligence Agency |accessdate=12 June 2011 |archive-date=28 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228230816/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Singapore is ranked regularly as one of the least [[Corruption|corrupt]] countries in the world, according to Transparency International.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2009/cpi_2009_table |title=Corruption Perceptions Index 2009 |publisher=Transparency International |year=2009 |accessdate=1 June 2010 |archive-date=11 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511052011/http://archive.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2009/cpi_2009_table |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Cabinet of Singapore|Cabinet]] has [[Executive (government)|executive power]], and is led by the [[Prime Minister of Singapore|Prime Minister]], and the [[President of Singapore|President]].<ref name="Law">{{cite web|url=http://www.singaporelawwatch.sg/About-Singapore-Law/Overview/ch-01-the-singapore-legal-system |title=The Singapore Legal System |publisher=Singapore Academy of Law |accessdate=26 June 2011}}</ref> The president is elected through [[Suffrage|popular vote]], and has some [[veto]] powers for a few big decisions such as the use of the national reserves and the appointment of judges, but otherwise occupies a post with little power.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.istana.gov.sg/content/istana/thepresident.html |title=The President |publisher=Singaporean Government |accessdate=26 June 2011 |archive-date=11 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611130556/http://www.istana.gov.sg/content/istana/thepresident.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Parliament of Singapore|Parliament]] serves as the [[Legislature|legislative branch]] of government.<ref name="Law" /> Members of Parliament (MPs) are made up of elected, non-constituency and nominated members. Elected MPs are voted into parliament on a "[[First-past-the-post voting|first-past-the-post]]" (plurality) system and represent either single-member or group-representation constituencies.<ref name="parliament.gov.sg">{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.gov.sg/members-parliament |title=Members of Parliament |publisher=Government of Singapore |accessdate=12 June 2011 |archive-date=17 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110417154628/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/members-parliament |url-status=dead }}</ref> Elections are free, and the [[People's Action Party]] has won control of Parliament with large majorities in every election since self-governance in 1959.<ref name="freedomhouse">{{cite web |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2010&country=7915 |title=Freedom in the World 2010 – Singapore |publisher=Freedom House |accessdate=12 June 2011 |archive-date=7 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107002407/http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2010&country=7915 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In the most recent parliamentary elections in 2020, the largest opposition, led by the [[Workers' Party of Singapore|Workers' Party]], increased its representation in the House to 10 elected MPs out of 93.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fernandez|first=Warren|date=11 July 2020|title=GE2020: PAP wins 83 of 93 seats; WP takes two GRCs|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/pap-wins-83-of-93-seats-wp-takes-two-grcs|access-date=27 April 2021|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> The legal system of Singapore is based on [[English common law]], however with large and important local differences. [[Trial by jury]] was removed in 1970 leaving [[judiciary|judicial]] judgement done completely and only by [[judge]]ship.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.singaporelawwatch.sg/About-Singapore-Law/Overview/ch-01-the-singapore-legal-system |title=The Singapore Legal System |publisher=Singapore Academy of Law |date=25 September 2007 |accessdate=10 June 2011}}</ref> Singapore has laws that include [[corporal punishment]] in the form of caning for [[rape]], [[riot]]ing, [[vandalism]], and some immigration crimes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.corpun.com/singfeat.htm |title=Judicial caning in Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei |publisher=World Corporal Punishment Research |year=2008 |accessdate=2 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| author=Kuntz, Tom |title=Ideas & Trends; Beyond Singapore: Corporal Punishment, A to Z |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/26/weekinreview/ideas-trends-beyond-singapore-corporal-punishment-a-to-z.html?scp=29&sq=?pagewanted=1 |date=26 June 1994 |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> There is a mandatory [[death penalty]] for [[murder]], and for certain [[Illegal drug trade|drug-trafficking]] and [[Gun|firearms]] offences.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1017.html#crime |title=Singapore country specific information |publisher=U.S. Department of State |date=19 March 2010 |access-date=23 October 2011 |archive-date=30 December 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041230204937/http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1017.html#crime |url-status=dead }}</ref> In a 2008 survey, international business executives believed Singapore had the best judicial system in Asia.<ref>{{cite news |agency=Agence France-Presse |url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/world/09/15/08/hong-kong-has-best-judicial-system-asia-business-survey |title=Hong Kong has best judicial system in Asia: business survey |work=ABS-CBN News |location=Philippines |date=15 September 2008 |accessdate=23 August 2010 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511090005/http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/world/09/15/08/hong-kong-has-best-judicial-system-asia-business-survey |url-status=dead }}</ref> == People == === Religion === [[Buddhism]] is the most common religion in Singapore.<ref name="census2010">{{cite web |url=http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/popn/c2010sr1/cop2010sr1.pdf | title=Singapore Census 2010 Statistical Release 1 | publisher=Singapore Department of Statistics | accessdate=30 September 2011 | archive-date=3 March 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303155259/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/popn/C2010sr1/cop2010sr1.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> Other common religions include: [[Christianity]], [[Islam]], [[Taoism]], and [[Hinduism]].<ref name="census2010" /> === Education === {{bar box | title=Educational level of Singaporeans that are not students and are older than 15 in 2005<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/popn/ghsr1/chap2.pdf |title=Education and Language |publisher=Singaporean government |accessdate=11 April 2011 |archive-date=13 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113153652/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/popn/ghsr1/chap2.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> | titlebar=#ddd | width=350px | left1=Highest qualification | right1=Percentage | float=right | bars= {{bar percent|No education|yellow|18}} {{bar percent|[[Primary School Leaving Examination|Primary school]]|blue|45}} {{bar percent|[[Singapore-Cambridge GCE Ordinary Level|Secondary school]]|red|15}} {{bar percent|Post-secondary diploma|gray|8}} {{bar percent|Degree|green|13}}}} Students in Singapore go through six years of compulsory primary school. During the six years, students' learning is focused on English, their mother tongue, mathematics and science.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Overview of primary school curriculum|url=http://www.moe.gov.sg/primary/curriculum/overview|access-date=2023-02-26|website=Base|language=en}}</ref> At the end of the six years, all students take the [[Primary School Leaving Examination]] (PSLE).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.moe.gov.sg/initiatives/compulsory-education/ | title=Compulsory Education | publisher=Ministry of Education, Singapore | accessdate=26 September 2011 }}</ref> Depending on their results in the PSLE, students are [[Streaming (education)|streamed]] into "Special", "Express", "Normal (Academic)", and "Normal (Technical)" groups.<ref name="Sec-Sch Courses">{{cite web |url=http://www.moe.gov.sg/education/secondary/courses/ | title=Secondary School Courses | publisher=Ministry of Education, Singapore | accessdate=26 September 2011 | archive-date=8 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908055157/http://www.moe.gov.sg/education/secondary/courses/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> The amount of time a student spends studying in Secondary school (4–5 years) depends on their group.<ref name="Sec-Sch Courses" /> Students are taught in English, and their mother tongue, which can be [[Chinese language|Chinese]], [[Malay language|Malay]] or [[Tamil language|Tamil]]. Secondary school students may also choose to study a third language such as:<ref name="MOE-LP" /> * [[German language|German]] * [[Japanese language|Japanese]] * [[French language|French]] * [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] * [[Hindi language|Hindi]] * [[Spanish language|Spanish]] * [[Malay language|Malay]] special programme – For non-Malay speakers * [[Chinese language|Chinese]] special programme – For non-Chinese speakers Students can take a third language as it increases their chances of getting an overseas [[scholarship]] and can improve their examination grades, especially in the [[Singapore-Cambridge GCE Ordinary Level|GCE Ordinary Level]] ("O" Levels), which are Secondary students take after their five or four years of education.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moelc.moe.edu.sg/benefits/benefits.htm|title=MOE Language Centre Benefits|year=2007|publisher=Ministry of Education, Singapore|accessdate=20 December 2010|archive-date=8 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111108215059/http://www.moelc.moe.edu.sg/benefits/benefits.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, only some students can qualify to take a third language.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.moe.gov.sg/education/secondary/language-programmes/ |title=Language Programmes |year=2011 |publisher=Ministry of Education, Singapore |accessdate=20 September 2011 }}</ref> After their "O" Levels, students can choose to go to a polytechnic, junior college, centralised institutes or Institutes of Technical Education (ITE). Polytechnics is a place where students can study for 3 years for a [[diploma]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.moe.gov.sg/education/post-secondary/index.php | title=Post-Secondary Education | publisher=Ministry of Education, Singapore | accessdate=26 September 2011 | archive-date=13 October 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013094719/http://moe.gov.sg/education/post-secondary/index.php#polytechnics | url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Junior college]] is a place where students study for 2 years to receive an [[GCE Advanced Level|"A" Level]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.moe.gov.sg/education/pre-u/ | title=Pre-University Education | publisher=Ministry of Education, Singapore | accessdate=26 September 2011 | archive-date=5 April 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080405194544/http://www.moe.gov.sg/education/pre-u/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> Centralised institutes is a place where students study for 3 years to receive an [[GCE Advanced Level|"A" Level]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our History|url=https://www.millenniainstitute.moe.edu.sg/about-us/mi-identity/our-history|access-date=2023-02-26|website=www.millenniainstitute.moe.edu.sg}}</ref> Students can also go to Institutes of Technical Education, where students study for two years to receive a "National ITE Certificate" (NITEC). This certificate is only recognized in Singapore. Students who go to ITE usually continue their education at a polytechnic. With either a diploma, or an "A" Level [[certificate]], students can apply to go to [[universities]] in Singapore or overseas.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.moe.gov.sg/education/pre-u/pre-u-to-university/ | title=From Pre-University to University Education | publisher=Ministry of Education, Singapore | accessdate=26 September 2011 | archive-date=13 October 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013213332/http://moe.gov.sg/education/pre-u/pre-u-to-university/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> === Languages === {{bar box |title=Language used most frequently at home<ref name="singstat1">{{cite web |url=https://www.singstat.gov.sg/docs/default-source/default-document-library/publications/publications_and_papers/GHS/ghs2015/findings.pdf |title=General Household Survey 2015 |year=2015 |access-date=15 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215063843/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/docs/default-source/default-document-library/publications/publications_and_papers/GHS/ghs2015/findings.pdf |archive-date=15 December 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/english-most-common-home-language-in-singapore-bilingualism-also-up-government-survey|title=English most common home language in Singapore, bilingualism also up: Government survey|last=hermes|date=10 March 2016}}</ref> |titlebar=#ddd |left1=Language |right1=Percent |float=right |bars= {{bar percent|English|blue|36.9}} {{bar percent|Mandarin|yellow|34.9}} {{bar percent|Malay|red|10.7}} {{bar percent|Tamil|green|3.3}} {{bar percent|Others|grey|14.2}} }} The [[Government of Singapore|Singapore government]] has chosen four official languages: [[English language|English]], [[Malay language|Malay]], [[Mandarin Chinese|Chinese (Mandarin)]], and [[Tamil language|Tamil]]. English is the primary language.<ref name="statutes.agc.gov.sg" /> [[Singapore English]] is the main language in Singapore.<ref>{{cite journal | url = http://www.leeds.ac.uk/english/staff/afg/pragp3.doc | title = Epistemic modalities and the discourse particles of Singapore | first = A.F. | last = Gupta | editor = Fischer, K. | format = DOC | journal = Approaches to Discourse Particles | publisher = Elsevier | location = Amsterdam | pages = 244–263 | access-date = 2011-02-15 | archive-date = 2011-02-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110205010214/http://www.leeds.ac.uk/english/staff/afg/pragp3.doc | url-status = dead }}</ref> English is the first language of the nation, but it is not the most common. English is the second most commonly spoken language among Singaporeans. The most commonly spoken language amongst Singaporeans in their homes is Chinese (51%), followed by English (32%), Malay (13%) and Tamil (7%). This means that 32% of Singaporeans are native English speakers. Most of the rest of the people speak it as a second language. However, English has the largest total number of speakers including native and second language speakers. [[Mandarin Chinese]] is the second most common.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news|last=Oi|first=Mariko|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-11468401|title=Singapore's booming appetite to study Mandarin|work=BBC News|date=5 October 2010|access-date=27 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceC">[http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/papers/people/c2000adr-literacy.pdf Literacy and language] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091113162718/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/papers/people/c2000adr-literacy.pdf |date=13 November 2009 }}, Singapore Census of Population, 2000. Singapore Department of Statistics (December 2000).</ref> Almost 40% of people in Singapore are foreign.<ref name="un.org" /> Most foreigners come from Asia. The country where most foreigners come from is [[Malaysia]], its closest neighbour. In 2009, there may have been 350,000 Malaysians working in Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pemberhentian Online - Malaysians in Singapore 'last to be let go' |url=http://www.mohr.gov.my/pemberhentian/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=47&Itemid=6 |access-date=15 February 2011 |archive-date=22 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110122113942/http://www.mohr.gov.my/pemberhentian/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=47&Itemid=6 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Many Chinese-speaking foreigners and Chinese-speaking Singaporeans work in services. Thus, Chinese is the main language of many workers such as hawkers, retail assistants, [[hairdresser]]s, etc. in Singapore today.<ref>[http://www.asiaone.com/Business/Office/Ask/Story/A1Story20071209-40266.htmlf]{{dead link|date=December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.asiaone.com/News/Education/Story/A1Story20090831-164714.html |title=Sorry, no English |access-date=5 December 2013 |archive-date=7 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107235531/http://news.asiaone.com/News/Education/Story/A1Story20090831-164714.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[File:Singapore from Chinatown.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Singapore from [[Chinatown, Singapore|Chinatown]]]] [[Singapore English|Singaporean English]] mainly comes from [[British English]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://blogs.nlb.gov.sg/ask/children/481 |title=What are some commonly misspelled English words? {{!}} ASK! |access-date=15 February 2011 |archive-date=3 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303222846/https://blogs.nlb.gov.sg/ask/children/481 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The forms of English spoken in Singapore range from [[Standard English]] to a [[pidgin]] called [[Singlish]]. The Singapore government and many Singaporeans are against using [[Singlish]]. There is a "Speak Good English" campaign each year. [[Public school]]s and in the media also have rules against Singlish.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,501020729-322685,00.html |title=A war of words is brewing over Singlish – TIME |access-date=2013-12-05 |archive-date=2013-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023025447/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,501020729-322685,00.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> There are many Singapore accents in English because of the many languages and identities of people in the city. Languages can even change over the generations and children may speak different languages and have different accents from their mother. For example, in a Singaporean Chinese family, the grandmother might speak [[Hokkien]] as her first language. Differently, the mother might speak Mandarin as her first language and Hokkien/English as her second languages, while the grandson might speak English as his first language and Mandarin as his second language. Before independence in 1965, [[Hokkien]], a Chinese dialect, was the common language among the Chinese laborers. Malay and English were used to communicate between the different ethnic groups.<ref name="country-data.com">[http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-11814.html Singapore – Language Planning]</ref> After independence in 1965, English became the first language of the nation and replaced Hokkien and Malay as the one shared language. Today, most younger Singaporeans have English as their first language or are fluent in English. [[Malay language|Malay]] is a national language of Singapore because of the history of the city.<ref name="statutes.agc.gov.sg" /> However, less than 20% of Singaporeans can read and write in Malay. Malay is still used at home by most [[Malay Singaporeans]].<ref name=Afendras1980>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CQgjrpgdU6gC&pg=PA42 |title=Language and society in Singapore|publisher=Singapore University Press |first1=Evangelos A. |last1=Afendras |first2=Eddie C.Y. |last2=Kuo |year=1980 |isbn=978-9971-69-016-8 |access-date=27 February 2011}}</ref> The Malay used in Singapore (Bahasa Melayu) is closer to the language in [[Malaysia]] than the language in [[Indonesia]]. However, there are differences between the Malay in Singapore and in Malaysia. The national anthem "[[Majulah Singapura]]" is sung in Malay. Many people speak Chinese – [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] and other Chinese [[dialect]]s – in Singapore. Just over 50% of Singaporeans speak it at home, so it is the most common language in homes.<ref name="Afendras1980" /> Singaporean Mandarin is based on simplified Chinese and it is similar to the system used in [[mainland China]]. The forms of Mandarin spoken in Singapore range from [[Standard Mandarin]] to a pidgin known as [[Singdarin]]. Besides Mandarin, many southern Chinese dialects are also spoken in Singapore. [[Hokkien]] used to be a [[lingua franca]] among the Singaporean Chinese so many older Singaporeans still understand [[Hokkien]]. The most common Chinese dialects spoken by Singaporeans are the [[Hokkien]], [[Hainan]], [[Teochew]] and [[Cantonese language|Cantonese]].<ref name="country-data.com" /> However, Chinese dialects other than Mandarin are not allowed in the media, so these dialects are quickly dying out. Most younger Singaporeans do not speak them anymore. [[Tamil language|Tamil]], a South Indian language, is spoken by about half of Indians in Singapore. That is about 5% of all Singaporeans. However, North Indian languages such as [[Hindi]] and [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] are also spoken by a small group of Singaporean Indians in Singapore.<ref>Leow, Bee Geok (2001). Census of Population 2000: Demographic Characteristics. p.47-49.</ref> == Culture == [[File:Colorful shophouses in Koon Seng Road, Singapore.jpg|thumb|200px|Shophouses in Singapore]] Singapore has many kinds of people and immigrants from many places. Therefore, Singaporean culture has often been described as a mix of cultures – European, Malay, Chinese, Indian and [[Peranakan]]. Also, foreigners are 42% of the population in Singapore and they are part of changing Singaporean culture.<ref name="un.org">[http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/migration/UN_MigStock_2008.pdf "Trends in international migrant stock: The 2008 revision"], United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2009).</ref><ref name="singstat.gov.sg">[http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/popn/population2009.pdf "Population Trends 2009"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922154130/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/popn/population2009.pdf |date=22 September 2010 }}, Singapore Department of Statistics. ISSN 1793-2424</ref> === Food === [[File:Hainanese Chicken Rice.jpg|thumb|200px|The Hainanese chicken rice, a local food in Singapore]] Dining is an important part of life in Singapore.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://app.www.sg/where/default.aspx |title=Singapore Dining |publisher=App.www.sg |accessdate=2 November 2010 |archive-date=2 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502130333/http://app.www.sg/where/default.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Singaporean food is an example of the many different cultures in the country. It is also an example of mixing among cultures. British, Chinese, Indian, Malay, Tamil, and Indonesian styles of cooking all mix together. It is especially known for its seafood. Typical Singaporean food includes: [[Satay]], [[Nasi lemak]], [[Chilli crab]], [[Kaya toast]], [[Laksa]], and [[Hainanese chicken rice]].<ref name="lingCNN14apr2010">{{cite web|last=Ling|first=Catherine|title=40 Singapore foods we can't live without|url=http://travel.cnn.com/singapore/none/40-singapore-foods-we-cant-live-without-810208/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119235745/http://travel.cnn.com/singapore/none/40-singapore-foods-we-cant-live-without-810208/|archive-date=19 November 2012|access-date=13 January 2019|publisher=CNN}}</ref> === Media === [[MediaCorp]], the state-owned media corporation, operates all seven local [[Broadcasting|broadcast]] [[Television network|television channels]] in Singapore. It also runs 13 [[radio]] stations of the 18 radio stations in Singapore.<ref>[https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/meradio/id369117106?mt=8 MeRadio on the iPhone, iPod touch, and the iPad on the iTunes App Store] – Retrieved 16 December 2010</ref> Radio and television stations are all owned by government controlled companies. However, one radio transmitter in Singapore is not controlled by the government. That is the Far Eastern Relay Station of the [[BBC|BBC World Service]]. Print media of Singapore includes 16 [[newspaper]]s and several [[magazine]]s. Daily newspapers are published in English, Chinese, Malay, and [[Tamil language|Tamil]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Foreign & Local Media in Singapore|url=https://www.mci.gov.sg/press-services/guide-for-foreign-media/media-in-singapore/foreign-and-local-media-in-singapore|access-date=27 April 2021|website=Base|language=en|archive-date=27 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427191550/https://www.mci.gov.sg/press-services/guide-for-foreign-media/media-in-singapore/foreign-and-local-media-in-singapore|url-status=dead}}</ref> == National flower == [[File:VandaMissJoaquim.jpg|thumb|200px|The national flower of Singapore]] The national flower of Singapore is Vanda Miss Joaquim. It is a type of [[orchid]] and it is a [[hybrid]] orchid. This makes Singapore the only nation in the world to have a [[hybrid]] as a national flower. It was chosen because it was part of the effort to create national pride and identity.<ref>[http://www.nparks.gov.sg/cms/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=79&Itemid=67 Our national flower] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604025910/http://www.nparks.gov.sg/cms/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=79&Itemid=67 |date=4 June 2012 }} – Retrieved 11 December 2010</ref> == Economy == [[File:Singapore Airlines Airbus A380 (9V-SKD) arrives London Heathrow 7June2015 arp.jpg|thumb|A Singapore Airlines [[Airbus|Airbus A380-800]]]] Singapore has a strong and free economy that supports a large [[middle class]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Overview|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/singapore/overview|access-date=27 April 2021|publisher=World Bank|language=en}}</ref> The city-state is a global [[shipping]] and [[logistics]] hub and many multinational firms have their offices in Singapore. The national airline, [[Singapore Airlines]], has a large global network which brings tourists and business travellers alike, to the city. The airline has often been ranked as the world's best airline.<ref>{{cite news |title=SIA bags world's best airline title |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/sia-bags-worlds-best-airline-title |work=The Straits Times |date=18 July 2018 |access-date=21 July 2018 |archive-date=21 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721103252/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/sia-bags-worlds-best-airline-title |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.singaporeair.com/en_UK/flying-with-us/singaporegirl/|title=Singapore Girl – You're a Great Way To Fly|access-date=24 April 2015|archive-date=20 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520211231/http://www.singaporeair.com/en_UK/flying-with-us/singaporegirl/|url-status=live}}</ref> Singapore also has a [[port]] located at the south of Singapore, called Keppel Harbour. It is one of the busiest ports around the world with many ships coming in to trade in a single day.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.singaporepsa.com/aboutus.php |title=PSA Singapore |access-date=19 December 2010 |archive-date=18 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218180720/http://www.singaporepsa.com/aboutus.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Singapore also has another port on [[Jurong Island]]. [[File:Singapore port panorama.jpg|thumb|800px|The port of Singapore is one of the busiest ports in the world.]] === Money === {{Main|Singapore dollar}} Singapore's [[currency]] is the Singapore [[dollar]]. The short name for the [[Singapore dollar]] is SGD. [[Brunei]] dollar can be used in Singapore, because they have the same [[value]].<ref>[http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Singapore_and_Brunei_issue_joint_banknote News about their joint agreement on English Wikinews]</ref> == Geography == [[File:CIA World Factbook map of Singapore (English).png|thumb|alt=Map showing Singapore's island and the territories belonging Singapore and its neighbours|A Map of Singapore and the surrounding islands & waterways]] Singapore is made up of 63 islands, including the main island, which is known as Singapore Island to most people. It is also known as Pulau Ujong.<ref>{{cite book |first1 =Victor R. |last1= Savage |first2= Brenda S.A. |last2= Yeoh |title=Toponymics: A Study of Singapore's Street Names |year=2004 |publisher=Eastern Universities Press |location =Singapore |isbn=9789812103642}}</ref> There are two man-made connections to [[Johor]], Malaysia: the [[Johor–Singapore Causeway]] in the north, and the [[Malaysia–Singapore Second Link|Tuas Second Link]] in the west. [[Jurong Island]], [[Pulau Tekong]], [[Pulau Ubin]] and [[Sentosa]] are the largest of Singapore's smaller islands. The highest natural point is [[Bukit Timah]] Hill at {{convert|166|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://heritagetrails.sg/content/148/Bukit_Timah_Hill.html |publisher=Heritage Trails |accessdate=22 April 2010 |title=Bukit Timah Hill |archive-date=5 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205015600/http://heritagetrails.sg/content/148/Bukit_Timah_Hill.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> About 23% of Singapore's land area are forest and nature reserves.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://earthtrends.wri.org/pdf_library/country_profiles/for_cou_702.pdf |title=Forests, grasslands and drylands – Singapore |publisher=World Resources Institute |year=2003 |accessdate=2 July 2011 |archive-date=1 June 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050601091338/http://earthtrends.wri.org/pdf_library/country_profiles/for_cou_702.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Urbanisation]] has removed most primary [[rainforest]], with [[Bukit Timah Nature Reserve]] the only significant remaining forest.<ref name="earthshots.usgs.gov" /> Even though there is very little primary rainforest left, there are more than 300 parks and four nature reserves in Singapore. There are also many trees planted all over Singapore and almost fifty per cent of the country is covered by trees and plants. Because of this, Singapore is also commonly known as the "Garden City".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nparks.gov.sg/cms/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=198&Itemid=66#_ftnref2 |title=Interesting facts of our Garden City |accessdate=18 October 2011 |archive-date=19 January 2013 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6DnLqivZR?url=http://www.nparks.gov.sg/cms/index.php?option=com_content#_ftnref2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Singapore, being a small country, has been reclaiming land from the sea around the island. The first time Singapore started to reclaim land was in the 1960s. The total land area of Singapore at that time was 581.5&nbsp;km² and it has increased to 730&nbsp;km² in the 2010s, which is an increase of about 20% in total land area.<ref name="thinkquest">{{cite web |url=http://library.thinkquest.org/C006891/reclamation.html |title=21st Century Singapore – Land Reclamation |publisher=ORACLE ThinkQuest |accessdate=20 April 2011 |archive-date=6 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091006231300/http://library.thinkquest.org/C006891/reclamation.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It may grow by another {{convert|100|km2|sqmi|-1|abbr=on}} by 2030.<ref>{{cite web |title=Towards Environmental Sustainability, State of the Environment 2005 Report |format=PDF |url=http://app.nea.gov.sg/counter/nea_soecover.asp |publisher=Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources |accessdate=22 April 2010 |archive-date=23 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623124946/http://www.nea.gov.sg/cms/ccird/soe/soe_cover.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Some [[land reclamation]] projects involve joining smaller islands to make larger islands with more uses, like Jurong Island.<ref name="earthshots.usgs.gov">{{cite web |url=http://earthshots.usgs.gov/Singapore/Singapore |title=Earthshots: Satellite Images of Environmental Change: Singapore |publisher=Earthshots |accessdate=18 February 2011 |archive-date=10 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510074806/http://earthshots.usgs.gov/Singapore/Singapore |url-status=dead }}</ref> Singapore uses the [[Land reclamation#Landfill|landfill]] method to reclaim the sea at the south of the country, but [[polder]]s have been recently used too.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore to adopt Dutch polder concept as new land reclamation method at Pulau Tekong|url=https://www.deltares.nl/en/projects/singapore-to-adopt-dutch-polder-concept-as-new-land-reclamation-method-at-pulau-tekong/|access-date=27 April 2021|website=Deltares|language=en-US}}</ref> The country's rapid reclamation projects has made disputes with its neighbouring countries, Malaysia and Indonesia.<ref name="Singapore">{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html |title=Singapore |date=1 September 2010 |work=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[CIA]] |at=section Transnational issues |accessdate=20 April 2011 |quote=disputes persist with Malaysia over [...] extensive land reclamation works |archive-date=28 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228230816/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Climate === [[File:Symphony Lake, Singapore Botanic Gardens - 20041025.jpg|thumb|200px|The Singapore botanic garden, which is part of Singapore's forests.]] Singapore is [[hot]] and [[wet]] all year round. It has a tropical [[rainforest]] climate (''Af'' in the [[Köppen climate classification]]), which means there are no [[season]]s ([[Spring (season)|spring]], [[summer]], [[autumn]] and [[winter]]) in Singapore. There is the most [[rain]] at the end of the year, and the [[temperature]] is usually around {{convert|23|to|32|°C|°F}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Singapore National Environment Agency Weather Statistics|url=http://www.nea.gov.sg/weather-climate/climate/weather-statistics|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031025300/http://www.nea.gov.sg/weather-climate/climate/weather-statistics|archive-date=31 October 2016|access-date=24 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="weather2">{{cite web |url=http://app2.nea.gov.sg/data/cmsresource/20090721544571208250.pdf | title=WEATHERWise Singapore | publisher=National Environment Agency |year=2009 | accessdate=21 October 2011 | archive-date=16 July 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716075506/http://app2.nea.gov.sg/data/cmsresource/20090721544571208250.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> Although Singapore does not experience the four seasons, the period from May to June is usually warmer, while the period from November to January is cooler because of the more frequent rains and monsoonal winds in Singapore during the year-end.<ref name="weather">[http://www.singaporeexpats.com/about-singapore/climate-and-location.htm About Singapore] – Retrieved on 23 November 2010</ref><ref name="weather2" /> {{Singapore weatherbox}} == Relations with other countries == Singapore has [[diplomacy|diplomatic relations]] with 175 other Sovereign states.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.sg/dipcon/singapore_mission_locator.html?domain=MFA | title=Singapore Missions Overseas | publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs | accessdate=20 October 2011 | archive-date=6 November 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111106164747/http://www.mfa.gov.sg/dipcon/singapore_mission_locator.html?domain=MFA | url-status=dead }}</ref> Singapore's [[foreign policy]] is to maintain a secure environment in [[Southeast Asia]] as well as the countries near Southeast Asia. A basic rule is the political and economic stability in Southeast Asia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asean.fta.govt.nz/singapore-foreign-relations |title=Australia – New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (AANZFTA) |publisher=New Zealand Government |date=4 December 2008 |accessdate=18 February 2011 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511232224/https://www.asean.fta.govt.nz/singapore-foreign-relations |url-status=dead }}</ref> === ASEAN === Singapore is part of the [[ASEAN]] (Association of the South East Asian nations) network, which is an organisation that unites all Southeast Asian countries. Member countries of ASEAN work with and help other countries in ASEAN. Singapore is one of the countries that founded ASEAN, and is the most developed country among them all.<ref>[http://aseanrocks.com/ ASEAN rocks, a website showing Singapore's support of ASEAN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128091241/http://aseanrocks.com/ |date=28 January 2011 }} – retrieved 25 November 2010</ref> === Commonwealth of Nations === Singapore is also part of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]], which is for countries that used to be under the British's rule.<ref>[http://www.commonwealth-of-nations.org/Singapore/Organisations/Singapore_in_the_Commonwealth Singapore in the Commonwealth] – retrieved 25 November 2010</ref> == Holidays == Public holidays in Singapore:<ref>[http://www.mom.gov.sg/employment-practices/employment-rights-conditions/leave-and-holiday/Pages/public-holidays.aspx Ministry of Manpower, Singapore. List of public holidays] Retrieved on 22 November 2010</ref> * [[New Year]]'s Day * [[Chinese New Year]] ([[Chinese people|Chinese]] [[Festival]]) – 2 days * [[Good Friday]] * [[Labor Day|Labour Day]] * Vesak Day ([[Buddhist]] [[Festival]]) * [[National Day]] * Hari Raya Puasa ([[Malays|Malay]] [[Festival]]) * [[Deepavali]] ([[India]]n [[Festival]]) * Hari Raya Haji ([[Malays|Malay]] [[Festival]]) * [[Christmas]] Day There are also [[school]] holidays, lasting one week in [[March]] and [[September]], about one month in [[June]], and about one and a half months in [[November]] and [[December]].<ref>[http://www.moe.gov.sg/schools/terms-and-holidays/#pri-sec-sch-hols Ministry of Education, Singapore. List of holidays]</ref> == Records == [[File:Sg-flyer-4oct07.jpg|thumb|200px|The Singapore Flyer]] Even though it is a small country, Singapore holds many world records with its buildings and people. Some are: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Type of record !! Name of record !! Received record |- | Building || For the tallest Ferris wheel in the world || [[Singapore Flyer]]<ref>[http://www.singaporeflyer.com/en/about-us/about-singapore-flyer.html About Singapore Flyer – Singapore Flyer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090803142413/http://www.singaporeflyer.com/en/about-us/about-singapore-flyer.html |date=3 August 2009 }} - Retrieved 11 December 2010</ref> |- | Building || For the tallest indoor waterfall in the world || [[Jewel Changi Airport]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/changis-jewel-shaping-up-well-for-sparkling-start-in-2019|title=Changi's Jewel shaping up well for sparkling start in 2019|last=Kaur|first=Karamjit|date=21 March 2017|work=The Straits Times|access-date=9 January 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225091131/http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/changis-jewel-shaping-up-well-for-sparkling-start-in-2019|archive-date=25 December 2017}}</ref> |- | Sports || Olympic record (OR) at the 100 metres butterfly || Joseph Schooling – [[2016 Summer Olympics]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/08/12/sport/michael-phelps-swimming-rio-2016/|title=Joseph Schooling beats Michael Phelps, wins Singapore's first Olympic gold|last=Eoghan|first=Macguire|date=13 August 2016|publisher= CNN | access-date = 13 August 2016}}</ref> |}{{clear}} == Transportation == Singapore has one of the best [[infrastructure]] qualities in the world.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joe Biden says US is 13th in the world for infrastructure quality, same rankings put S'pore first|url=https://mothership.sg/2021/04/joe-biden-infrastructure-singapore/|access-date=28 April 2021|website=mothership.sg|language=en}}</ref> [[Bus]]es, [[Railway|trains]], and [[taxi]]s are easily found. Most of Singapore is well-connected by a [[railway]] system known as the [[Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)|Mass Rapid Transit]], or MRT in short. There are also taxi companies like Comfort Cabs, Silver Cab, SMRT Taxis, CityCab and Premier Taxi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taxisingapore.com/taxi-companies/|title=Taxi Companies in Singapore|publisher=Singapore Taxi|accessdate=20 December 2010|archive-date=10 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101210042524/http://www.taxisingapore.com/taxi-companies|url-status=dead}}</ref> There is one telephone number to call a taxi, of which the closest taxi from any company will respond.<ref>{{cite press release|title=One Common Taxi Number|publisher=Land Transport Authority|date=16 July 2008|url=http://app.lta.gov.sg/corp_press_content.asp?start=1970|accessdate=20 December 2010|archivedate=27 May 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527044240/http://app.lta.gov.sg/corp_press_content.asp?start=1970}}</ref> Apps such as Grab and [[Gojek]] as an alternative to taxi companies are also available. The Mass Rapid Transit of Singapore is the most commonly used form of transportation in Singapore.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sbstransit.com.sg/about/operational.aspx|title=About Us – Ridership|year=2010|publisher=SBS Transit Ltd|accessdate=20 December 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smrt.com.sg/investors/key_operating_matrix_MRT.asp|title=SMRT Website – Monthly total MRT Ridership|year=2010|publisher=SMRT Corporation Ltd|accessdate=20 December 2010|archive-date=6 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110106223728/http://www.smrt.com.sg/investors/key_operating_matrix_MRT.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> <gallery mode="packed" heights="140" style="text-align:left"> File:Singapore Buses (SBST) - 0625.jpg|Buses can take commuters to almost any part of Singapore, even to places not reached by MRTs File:KSF C151B close view 0225.jpg|MRT Trains can reduce travel time across the city. File:Toyota Prius XW60 Singapore Taxi.jpg|Taxi provides service to commuters who are traveling directly from one location to another without transfers </gallery> The Singaporean land transport system is controlled by the LTA ([[Land Transport Authority]]) of Singapore.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://popularbingositesuk.wordpress.com/2018/09/10/about-lta/ | title=About LTA | accessdate=24 September 2011}}</ref>[[File:Jewel Changi (II).jpg|thumb|200px|[[Jewel Changi Airport]] complex in the Singapore Changi Airport|left]] === Airport === {{Main|Singapore Changi Airport}} The Singapore [[Singapore Changi Airport|Changi Airport]] is the main [[airport]] of Singapore. It is in the east of Singapore, with a total of four terminals with [[airline]]s flying to many different parts of the world. It has also received many [[award]]s for being the best airport in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1045522/1/.html |title=Changi named World's Best Airport |publisher=Channel NewsAsia |date=24 March 2010 |accessdate=24 September 2011 |archive-date=23 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023083317/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1045522/1/.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="CHANGI NLB-SG">{{cite web |url=http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_574_2004-12-23.html | title=Changi International Airport – Singapore Infopedia | publisher=National Library Board Singapore | date=6 December 2001 | accessdate=24 September 2011 | author=Tan, Bonny | archive-date=22 August 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110822154239/http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_574_2004-12-23.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> The airport is in [[Changi]]. It is on a 13 square kilometres (5.0 sq mi) site which was reclaimed from the sea.<ref name="CHANGI NLB-SG" /> {{clear}} ==Related pages== * [[1972 Queenstown shooting]] == Notes == {{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}} {{notelist}} == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == {{sisterlinks|Singapore|voy=Singapore}} * [http://www.singapore-dine.sg/ Singapore Food Guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703181537/http://singapore-dine.sg/ |date=3 July 2015 }} * {{CIA World Factbook link|sn|Singapore}} * [http://app.www.sg/ Singapore's gateway website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605161912/http://app.www.sg/ |date=5 June 2010 }} * [http://gothere.sg/ Interactive map of Singapore] * [http://www.goodenglish.org.sg/ Speak good English movement] {{Places in Singapore}} {{Asia}} {{Commonwealth nations}} {{ASEAN}} {{Authority control}} [[category:Education by country| ]] [[Category:Singapore| ]] [[Category:1963 establishments in Asia]] [[Category:Commonwealth member states]] [[Category:English-speaking countries]] 9sk6lgzatrydrz546lxck3nlf9hssj8 10369255 10369246 2025-07-03T09:06:10Z Cactusisme 1477024 General [[WP:MOS|formatting]] 10369255 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}} {{good}} {{Infobox country | common_name = Singapore | name = {{collapsible list | titlestyle = background:transparent; text-align:center; line-height:normal; font-size:84%; | title = {{resize|1.25em|Republic of Singapore}} | {{Infobox |subbox=yes |bodystyle=padding-top:0.5em; font-size:76%; font-weight:normal; |rowclass1 = mergedrow |label1=[[Standard Chinese|Chinese]] |data1={{lang|zh-SG|新加坡共和国}} |rowclass2 = mergedrow |label2=[[Malay language|Malay]]: |data2={{lang|ms|Republik Singapura}} |rowclass3 = mergedrow |label3=[[Tamil language|Tamil]]: |data3={{lang|ta|சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசு}} }} }} | image_flag = Flag of Singapore.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Singapore (blazon).svg | other_symbol = | national_motto = {{native phrase|ms|Majulah Singapura|italics=on|nolink=on}}<br />(English: "Onward, Singapore") | national_anthem = ''[[Majulah Singapura]]''<br />(English: "Onward, Singapore")<br /><div style="padding-top;">[[File:Majulah Singapura.ogg|center]]</div> | image_map = Singapore on the globe (Southeast Asia centered) zoom.svg | map_width = 280px | capital = '''Singapore'''{{efn|Singapore has no official distinct capital city as it is a [[city-state]].<ref name="City-state">{{cite web |title = Singapore |quote = The city, once a distinct entity, so came to dominate the island that the Republic of Singapore essentially became a city-state. |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Singapore-capital |access-date = 29 August 2019 }}</ref>}} | coordinates = {{Coord|1|17|N|103|50|E|type:city|display=inline,title}} | largest_settlement = | largest_settlement_type = | official_languages = {{unbulleted list |[[English language|English]]|[[Standard Chinese|Chinese]]|[[Malay Language|Malay]]|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]}} | languages_type = [[National language]] | languages = [[Malay language|Malay]] | ethnic_groups = {{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background:transparent; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; font-size:100%; | title = List of ethnicities|76% [[Chinese Singaporeans|Chinese]]|15% [[Malay Singaporeans|Malay]]|7.5% [[Indian Singaporeans|Indian]]|1.5% other}} | ethnic_groups_ref =<ref>[https://www.gov.sg/article/what-are-the-racial-proportions-among-singapore-citizens Population in Brief 2019]</ref> | ethnic_groups_year = 2019 | religion_year = 2015 | religion_ref = | religion = {{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;font-size:100%; | title = List of religions|33.2% [[Buddhism]] |18.8% [[Christianity]] |18.5% [[Irreligion|No religion]] |14.0% [[Islam]] |10.0% [[Taoism]] and<br />[[Chinese folk religion|folk religion]] |5.0% [[Hinduism]] |0.6% other }} | demonym = [[Singaporeans|Singaporean]] | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[one party dominant state|dominant-party]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[constitutional republic]] | leader_title1 = [[President of Singapore|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Tharman Shanmugaratnam]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Singapore|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Lawrence Wong]] | leader_title3 = [[Chief Justice of Singapore|Chief Justice]] | leader_name3 = [[Sundaresh Menon]] | leader_title4 = [[Speaker of the Parliament of Singapore|Parliament Speaker]] | leader_name4 = [[Seah Kian Peng]] | legislature = [[Parliament of Singapore|Parliament]] | upper_house = | lower_house = | sovereignty_type = Independence | sovereignty_note = from the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Malaysia]] | established_event1 = {{nowrap|[[Self-governance of Singapore|Self-governance]]}} | established_date1 = 3 June 1959 | established_event2 = {{nowrap|[[Malaysia Agreement]]}} | established_date2 = 16 September 1963 | established_event3 = [[Proclamation of Singapore]] | established_date3 = 9 August 1965 | established_event4 = [[ASEAN Declaration]] | established_date4 = 8 August 1967 | area_km2 = 731.0 | area_footnote =<ref name="total area of Singapore">{{cite web |title=Environment |website=Base |url=https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/search-by-theme/society/environment/latest-data |access-date=9 December 2020 }}</ref> | area_rank = 176th | population_estimate = {{increase}} 5,703,600{{efn|Of which 3,471,900 are citizens.<ref name="Population and Population Structure">{{cite web |title = Population and Population Structure |website = Singstat |publisher = Department of Statistics Singapore |url=https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/search-by-theme/population/population-and-population-structure/latest-data |access-date=5 August 2018 }}</ref>}} | population_estimate_year = 2019 | population_estimate_rank = 115th | population_density_km2 = 7,804 | population_density_sq_mi = 20,212 | population_density_rank = 2nd | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $615.698&nbsp;billion<ref name="IMFWEOSG">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=72&pr.y=7&sy=2017&ey=2024&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=576&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |title = World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019 |website=IMF.org |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |access-date=21 June 2020 }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2020 | GDP_PPP_rank = 36th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $107,604<ref name=IMFWEOSG /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 3rd | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $391.875&nbsp;billion<ref name=IMFWEOSG /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2020 | GDP_nominal_rank = 31st | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $68,487<ref name=IMFWEOSG /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 7th | Gini = 45.9 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2017 | Gini_change = steady <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref =<ref name="CIA">{{cite web|title=DISTRIBUTION OF FAMILY INCOME – GINI INDEX|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/223.html#SN|access-date=25 January 2019|archive-date=30 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130113028/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/223.html#SN|url-status=dead}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.938 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref =<ref>{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 11th | currency = [[Singapore dollar]] (S$) | currency_code = SGD | time_zone = [[Singapore Standard Time]] | utc_offset = +8 | antipodes = | date_format = {{abbr|dd|day}}/{{abbr|mm|month}}/{{abbr|yyyy|year}} | drives_on = [[Right- and left-hand traffic|left]] | calling_code = +65 | iso3166code = SG | cctld = .sg | today = | electricity = 230 V–50 Hz | official_website = {{URL|gov.sg}} }} '''Singapore''', officially the '''Republic of Singapore''', is a [[Sovereign state|sovereign]] [[country]] as well as a [[city-state]]. It is nicknamed as 'The Lion City', 'The Graden City' or 'The Little Red Dot'. It is an island state at the southern end of the [[Malay Peninsula]] in [[Southeast Asia]], between the [[Straits of Malacca]] and the [[South China Sea]]. Singapore is about one degree of latitude ({{Convert|137|km|disp=or}}) north of the [[equator]]. About 5.70&nbsp;million [[wikt:people|people]] live in Singapore. About 3.31&nbsp;million are [[Citizenship|citizens]]. Most of them are [[Ethnic group|ethnically]] [[Chinese people|Chinese]], [[Malays|Malay]], or [[Indian people|Indian]], as well as a smaller number of other Asians and Europeans. Present-day Singapore was founded in 1819 by [[Stamford Raffles]] as a trading post of the [[British Empire]]. During the [[Second World War]], Singapore was taken over by [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] in 1942, but returned to British control after Japan surrendered in 1945. Singapore started to govern itself in 1959, and in 1963 became part of the new federation of [[Malaysia]], together with Malaya, [[Sabah|North Borneo]], and [[Sarawak]]. Political and social differences led to Singapore being removed from the federation two years later, then becoming an independent country on its own. Most Singaporeans are [[Multilingualism|bilingual]].<ref name="MOE-LP">{{cite web|title=Language Programmes|url=http://www.moe.gov.sg/education/secondary/language-programmes/|accessdate=26 September 2011|publisher=Ministry of Education, Singapore}}</ref> The symbolic national [[language]] of Singapore is [[Malay language|Malay]]. Other [[official language]]s of Singapore are [[English language|English]], [[Mandarin language|Mandarin]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]].<ref name="statutes.agc.gov.sg">{{cite web |url=http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_getdata.pl?actno=1997-REVED-RSI&doctitle=REPUBLIC%20OF%20SINGAPORE%20INDEPENDENCE%20ACT%0A&date=latest&method=whole |title=Republic of Singapore Independence Act, 1997 revised edition |access-date=15 February 2011 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511191457/http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_getdata.pl?actno=1997-REVED-RSI&doctitle=REPUBLIC%20OF%20SINGAPORE%20INDEPENDENCE%20ACT%0A&date=latest&method=whole |url-status=dead }}</ref> English is the language of choice because everyone in Singapore knows and uses it. It is the first language taught in schools and the language used by the [[government]] and in [[court]]. [[Student]]s are also usually taught the language of their [[ethnicity]]. This means that the Chinese will learn Mandarin, Malays will learn Malay, and so on. Students can also choose to learn a third language in [[secondary school]]. Singapore is also known as a "Garden City" or a "City in a Garden". This is because there are plants everywhere, making it look like a garden.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nparks.gov.sg/cms/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=78&Itemid=66|title=Our Garden City|publisher=National Parks Board, Singapore|accessdate=14 December 2010|archive-date=5 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605061107/http://www.nparks.gov.sg/cms/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=78&Itemid=66|url-status=dead}}</ref> Singapore has one of the highest [[standard of living|standards of living]] in the world, with very good [[education]], [[healthcare]], [[House|housing]], and very low [[corruption]]. It is also known for having many strict rules and [[punishment]]s, including [[fine]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Klein|first=Ezra|date=25 April 2017|title=Is Singapore's "miracle" health care system the answer for America?|url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/4/25/15356118/singapore-health-care-system-explained|access-date=27 April 2021|website=Vox|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=30 August 2018|title=What other countries can learn from Singapore's schools|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/leaders/2018/08/30/what-other-countries-can-learn-from-singapores-schools|access-date=27 April 2021|issn=0013-0613}}</ref> This is why it is also sometimes jokingly called a "fine" city. The government says this has helped Singapore be a very safe country.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A great place to live|url=https://www.edb.gov.sg/en/why-singapore/a-great-place-to-live.html|access-date=27 April 2021|website=edb.gov.sg}}</ref> Singapore is one of the founding members of [[ASEAN]]. == History == === Before 1819 === Singapore's name comes from 'Singa Pura', which means Lion City in [[Sanskrit]]. Many people around the world understand "Lion City" to refer to Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Flint|first=Sunshine|title=Living in: Singapore|url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20110628-living-in-singapore|access-date=28 April 2021|publisher=BBC|language=en}}</ref> There is some debate about who founded Singapore. According to the Malay Annals, a [[Sumatra]]n prince called Sang Nila Utama landed on Temasek (Singapore's old name) and saw a [[Lion]] which is called 'Singa' in Malay.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://app.www.sg/who/30/Early-Names.aspx | title=Early Names | publisher=sg | accessdate=1 October 2011 | archive-date=12 April 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412092432/http://app.www.sg/who/30/Early-Names.aspx | url-status=dead }}</ref> Thus he gave the [[island]] a new name, 'Singapura'.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_93_2005-01-26.html | title=Sang Nila Utama | publisher=National Library Board, Singapore | date=26 November 1999 | accessdate=1 October 2011 | author=Cornelius-Takahama, Vernon | archive-date=11 May 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511132343/http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_93_2005-01-26.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> However, Sang Nila Utama was likely mistaken, as lions never existed in Singapore. It is believed that the "lion" was actually a [[Malayan Tiger]], which also exists in neighbouring [[Malaysia]]. While now [[extinct]] in Singapore it used to be present back then.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malayan Tiger|url=https://www.wrs.com.sg/en/night-safari/animals-and-zones/malayan-tiger.html|access-date=28 April 2021|website=wrs.com.sg|language=en}}</ref> There were also many pieces of old items, such as Chinese coins, that showed that Temasek was an important Asian trading port even before the British rule.<ref name="The Straits Times 2016">{{cite web | title=No lions in Singapore but... | website=The Straits Times | date=21 May 2016 | url=https://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/no-lions-in-spore-but | access-date=3 May 2019 | archive-date=3 May 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503164301/https://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/no-lions-in-spore-but | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nlb.gov.sg/biblioasia/2019/01/23/looking-back-at-700-years-of-singapore/|title=Looking Back at 700 Years of Singapore|last=Yong|first=Tan Tai|website=BiblioAsia|language=en-US|access-date=3 May 2019 }}</ref> === 1819 to 1942 === [[File:Part of Singapore Island (British Library India Office Records, 1825, detail).jpg|thumb|left|Map of Singapore's port in 1825]] Few people lived in Singapore at the beginning of the 19th century. British governor [[Stamford Raffles]] arrived in Singapore on 28 January 1819 and wanted to set up a [[Britain|British]] [[trade|trading]] town.<ref>[http://visaonlinetovietnam.com/sir-stamford-raffles-founded-singapore/ Sir Stamford Raffles Founded Singapore]{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> At the time, the island was then ruled by Tengku Abdul Rahman, the Sultan of [[Johor]], who the [[Dutch Empire|Dutch]] and the Bugis from [[Sulawesi]] had controlled.<ref name="Trocki2009">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vA-CAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|title=Singapore: Wealth, Power and the Culture of Control|last=Trocki|first=Carl A.|publisher=Routledge|year=2009|isbn=978-1-134-50243-1|page=73}}</ref> However, the [[Sultanate]] was weakened by infighting: the Temenggong (Chief Minister) of Tengku Abdul Rahman, as well as his officials, supported the Sultan's elder brother Tengku Long, who was living in [[exile]] in [[Riau Islands|Riau]]. With the Temenggong's help, Raffles managed to secretly bring Tengku Long back into Singapore. Raffles offered to recognize Tengku Long as the true Sultan of Johor, under the title of Sultan Hussein, as well as giving him $5000 per year and another $3000 to the Temenggong; in return, Sultan Hussein would give the British the right to establish a trading post on Singapore.<ref name="uslcFounding">{{cite web|title=Singapore – Founding and Early Years|url=http://countrystudies.us/singapore/4.htm|access-date=18 July 2006|publisher=U.S. Library of Congress}}</ref> An official treaty was signed on 6 February 1819.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ng|first=Jenny|date=7 February 1997|title=1819 – The February Documents|url=http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/about_us/history/overview/the_early_years/v01n02b_history.html|access-date=18 July 2006|publisher=Ministry of Defence of Singapore|archive-date=17 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717065310/https://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/about_us/history/overview/the_early_years/v01n02b_history.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Milestones in Singapore's Legal History|url=http://app.supremecourt.gov.sg/default.aspx?pgID=39|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927183512/http://app.supremecourt.gov.sg/default.aspx?pgID=39|archive-date=27 September 2007|access-date=18 July 2006|publisher=Supreme Court of Singapore}}</ref> In 1824, another treaty with the Sultan led to the entire island becoming under the British.<ref name="Founding of Modern Singapore">{{cite web|title=Founding of Modern Singapore|url=http://app.www.sg/who/32/Founding-of-Modern-Singapore.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508135636/http://app.www.sg/who/32/Founding-of-Modern-Singapore.aspx|archive-date=8 May 2009|access-date=13 April 2011|publisher=Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts}}</ref> In 1826, Singapore became part of the Straits Settlements. Singapore became the regional capital in 1836.<ref>{{cite web|title=East & South-East Asia Titles: Straits Settlements Annual Reports (Singapore, Penang, Malacca, Labuan) 1855–1941|url=http://www.archiveeditions.co.uk/titledetails.asp?tid=17|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609014003/http://www.archiveeditions.co.uk/titledetails.asp?tid=17|archive-date=9 June 2012|access-date=31 July 2012|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}</ref> Before Raffles arrived, there were only about a thousand people living on the island, mostly [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malays]] along with a handful of Chinese.<ref name="The Malays">{{cite web|title=The Malays|url=http://yesterday.sg/discover-more/communities-festivals/communities/the-malays/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223000344/http://yesterday.sg/discover-more/communities-festivals/communities/the-malays/|archive-date=23 February 2011|access-date=28 July 2011|publisher=National Heritage Board 2011}}</ref> By 1860, the population had grown to over 80,000, more than half being [[Chinese Singaporeans|Chinese]].<ref name="Founding of Modern Singapore" /><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924023134368#page/n227/mode/2up|title=Twentieth century impressions of British Malaya: its history, people, commerce, industries, and resources|last=Sanderson|first=Reginald|date=1907|editor1-last=Wright|editor1-first=Arnold|pages=220–221|editor2-last=Cartwright|editor2-first=H.A.}}</ref> The country was given [[colony]] status in [[1867]]. Later, in the 1890s, when the [[rubber]] industry became established in Malaya and Singapore, the island became a global center for sorting rubber and exporting them.<ref name="Founding of Modern Singapore" /><ref>{{cite web|title=First Rubber Trees are Planted in Singapore – 1877|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/a8ceea4c-1c8b-4c9a-885c-b85038b39e4c|website=History SG|publisher=National Library Board Singapore}}</ref> ==== World War I ==== Singapore was not really affected by the [[First World War]] (1914–18), as the conflict did not spread to [[Southeast Asia]]. The only significant event during the war was the 1915 Singapore Mutiny by [[Muslim]] soldiers from British India, who were stationed in Singapore.<ref name="Brill1">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cON5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA17|title=The Indian Army in the Two World Wars|date=14 October 2011|publisher=Brill Publishers|isbn=978-90-04-21145-2|pages=17–18}}</ref> After hearing news that they were to be sent to fight the [[Ottoman Empire]] in Europe, a Muslim state, the soldiers killed their officers and several British civilians before the mutiny was stopped by non-Muslim troops arriving from [[Johore]] and [[Burma]].<ref>{{cite web|title=1915 Singapore Mutiny|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_570_2005-01-24.html|website=National Library Board|publisher=National Library Board Singapore}}</ref> ==== Interwar period ==== After [[World War I]], the British built the large Singapore Naval Base as part of the defensive [[Singapore strategy]].<ref name="Stille2016">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gHe9DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5|title=Malaya and Singapore 1941–42: The fall of Britain's empire in the East|last=Stille|first=Mark|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|year=2016|isbn=978-1-4728-1124-0|pages=5–6}}</ref> First announced in 1921, the construction of the base went at a slow pace until the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931. Costing $60&nbsp;million and not fully completed in 1938, it was the largest dry dock in the world, the third-largest floating dock, and had enough fuel tanks to support the entire [[British Navy]] for six months.<ref name="Stille2016" /><ref name="Hobbs2017">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FVEgDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5|title=The British Pacific Fleet: The Royal Navy's Most Powerful Strike Force|last=Hobbs|first=David|publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=2017|isbn=978-1-61251-917-3|page=5}}</ref> The base was defended by heavy naval guns stationed at Fort Siloso, Fort Canning and Labrador Park, as well as a [[Royal Air Force]] airfield at Tengah Air Base. [[Winston Churchill]] called Singapore the "[[Gibraltar]] of the East", and military discussions often referred to the base as just "East of Suez".<ref name="Tan2008">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BH88kpvyrdYC&pg=PA90|title=Marshall of Singapore: A Biography|last=Tan|first=Kevin|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies|year=2008|isbn=978-981-230-878-8|pages=90–}}</ref> However, the main fleet was in Europe, and the British did not have enough money to build a second fleet to protect their Asian colonies. The plan was for the Home Fleet to sail quickly to Singapore in the event of an emergency. As a result, after [[World War II]] broke out in 1939, the fleet was busy defending Britain from [[Nazi Germany|Germany]], leaving Singapore open for a Japanese invasion.<ref name="LambTarling2001">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4izcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA39|title=From Versailles to Pearl Harbor: The Origins of the Second World War in Europe and Asia|last1=Lamb|first1=Margaret|last2=Tarling|first2=Nicholas|date=2001|publisher=Macmillan International Higher Education|isbn=978-1-4039-3772-8|page=39}}{{Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BH88kpvyrdYC&pg=PA90|title=Marshall of Singapore: A Biography|last=Tan|first=Kevin|year=2008|isbn=978-981-230-878-8}}</ref> === World War II === [[File:JapaneseMarchSgpCity.jpg|thumb|200px|The Japanese marching in Singapore during the World War II period]] {{Main|Japanese Occupation of Singapore}} Due to the weak [[defense (military)|defenses]] of the country, the Japanese attacked Singapore and easily took control of the colony on [[15 February]] [[1942]]. Up to 60,000 British soldiers surrendered on that day. Churchill called it "the worst disaster and largest capitulation in British history".<ref>{{cite news|date=15 February 1942|title=On This Day&nbsp;– 15 February 1942: Singapore forced to surrender|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/15/newsid_3529000/3529447.stm|access-date=1 May 2007}}</ref> There were a lot of losses by both the British and the rest of the [[British Empire|Empire]], with a total of nearly 85,000 people captured.{{sfn|Wigmore|1957|p=382}} About 5,000 were killed or injured, many from [[Australia]] and [[India]]. The people of Singapore went through hard times during the Japanese rule, until the surrender of the Japanese in September of [[1945]]. Many people were [[torture]]d or killed by the Japanese as they did not follow the rules properly or because they were suspected of going against the Japanese. The Japanese also targeted the Chinese the most; between 5,000 and 25,000 Chinese were killed, now known as the Sook Ching massacre.<ref>{{cite web|last=Leitch Lepoer|first=Barbara|year=1989|title=Singapore, Shonan: Light of the South|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+sg0027)|access-date=29 January 2011|website=Library of Congress Country Studies|publisher=[[Government Printing Office]]|location=Washington, DC}}</ref> The most notable anti-Japanese force was [[Force 136]], headed by [[Lim Bo Seng]]. Its purpose was to encourage and supply resistance movements in the enemy-occupied territory and occasionally mount sabotage operations.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Force 136 (Operation Gustavus in Malaya) {{!}} Infopedia|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_68_2005-02-02.html|access-date=27 April 2021|website=eresources.nlb.gov.sg}}</ref> The hard times during [[World War II]] made the people think that the British were not as strong as before. Therefore, many people supported [[independence]] once the British had returned.<ref name="auto1">{{cite news|date=4 September 2005|title=The real Japanese surrender|newspaper=The Sunday Times|location=Singapore|url=http://staff.science.nus.edu.sg/~sivasothi/blog/pdf/jap_surrender-st04sep2005.pdf|url-status=dead|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080119210334/http://staff.science.nus.edu.sg/~sivasothi/blog/pdf/jap_surrender-st04sep2005.pdf|archive-date=19 January 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.parliament.gov.sg/Education/edu-fun-timeline.htm |title=Home/Education/Fun stuff/Timeline |access-date=19 December 2010 |archive-date=25 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225114202/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/Education/edu-fun-timeline.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Independence === A few years after the war, in [[1963]], Singapore joined with [[British Malaya|Malaya]], [[Sabah]] and [[Sarawak]] to form the new nation of [[Malaysia]]. Malaysia is a country with many [[race (sociology)|races]]. In Malaya, only the [[Malays]] have special benefits. For example, the Malays could get university education more easily than other races. As most people in Singapore are [[Chinese language|Chinese]], Singapore wanted [[Social equality|equality]] for all the people of Malaysia. Singapore also wanted a common market to be set up so that goods to Malaysia would not be taxed. However, this was not done and caused arguments between the [[state]] [[government]] of Singapore and the [[Federal republic|federal]] government of Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore separates from Malaysia and becomes independent – Singapore History|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/dc1efe7a-8159-40b2-9244-cdb078755013|access-date=27 April 2021|website=eresources.nlb.gov.sg}}</ref> Singapore separated from Malaysia and became [[independent]] on its own on [[9 August]] [[1965]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Road to Independence |url=http://countrystudies.us/singapore/10.htm |publisher=U.S. Library of Congress |accessdate=13 December 2010}}</ref> === After Independence === After Independence, the president of Singapore was [[Yusof Ishak]] and its prime minister was [[Lee Kuan Yew]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://app.www.sg/who/39/Independence.aspx | title=Independence | publisher=Ministry of Information, Communication and the Arts | accessdate=23 October 2011 | archive-date=22 October 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111022141048/http://app.www.sg/who/39/Independence.aspx | url-status=dead }}</ref> At first, many people thought Singapore's independence would not last.<ref>{{Cite web|title=People's Action Party: Post-independence years {{!}} Infopedia|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2015-02-04_103701.html|access-date=12 May 2021|website=eresources.nlb.gov.sg}}</ref> In 1967, Singapore helped to start the [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations]] and in 1970 it joined the [[Non-Aligned Movement]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.aseansec.org/the-founding-of-asean/ | title=The Founding of ASEAN | publisher=ASEAN Secretariat | accessdate=23 October 2011 | archive-date=12 July 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712084300/http://www.aseansec.org/the-founding-of-asean/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> Lee Kuan Yew was in charge of the country as [[Prime Minister of Singapore]] and saw it become very [[developed country|developed]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://app.mti.gov.sg/default.asp?id=545 | title=Growing Our Economy – Economic Development | publisher=Ministry of Trade and Industry – Singapore | accessdate=23 October 2011 | archive-date=26 September 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926064212/http://app.mti.gov.sg/default.asp?id=545 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title=The Singapore Story : memoirs of Lee Kuan Yew | publisher=Times Editions ; Singapore Press Holdings | author=Lee Kuan Yew | year=1998 | isbn=9812049835}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title=From Third World To First, The Singapore Story: 1965–2000, Memoirs Of Lee Kuan Yew (Vol. 2) | publisher=Times Editions, Singapore Press Holdings | author=Lee Kuan Yew | year=2000 | location=Singapore | isbn=9789812049841}}</ref> In 1990, [[Goh Chok Tong]] replaced Lee Kuan Yew as prime minister, while Lee Kuan Yew became [[Senior Minister]]. When Goh Chok Tong was Prime Minister, Singapore went through the [[1997 Asian financial crisis]], the 2003 [[SARS]] outbreak and [[terrorist]] threats by [[Jemaah Islamiyah]]. In 2004, [[Lee Hsien Loong]], the son of Lee Kuan Yew, took over as Prime Minister. Goh Chok Tong became the Senior Minister, and Lee Kuan Yew became the [[Minister Mentor]] of Singapore. Lee Kuan Yew died in 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|date=23 March 2015|title=Singapore's founding father Lee Kuan Yew dies at 91|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-32012346|access-date=27 April 2021}}</ref> == Government and politics == [[File:Parliament House Singapore.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Singapore's [[Parliament of Singapore|Parliament House]].]] Singapore is a [[parliamentary republic]] with a [[Westminster system]] of [[Unicameralism|unicameral]] parliamentary government representing [[Constituency|constituencies]]. [[Constitution of Singapore|Its constitution]] states [[representative democracy]] as its political system.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html |title=World Factbook – Singapore |publisher=U.S. Central Intelligence Agency |accessdate=12 June 2011 |archive-date=28 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228230816/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Singapore is ranked regularly as one of the least [[Corruption|corrupt]] countries in the world, according to Transparency International.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2009/cpi_2009_table |title=Corruption Perceptions Index 2009 |publisher=Transparency International |year=2009 |accessdate=1 June 2010 |archive-date=11 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511052011/http://archive.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2009/cpi_2009_table |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Cabinet of Singapore|Cabinet]] has [[Executive (government)|executive power]], and is led by the [[Prime Minister of Singapore|Prime Minister]], and the [[President of Singapore|President]].<ref name="Law">{{cite web|url=http://www.singaporelawwatch.sg/About-Singapore-Law/Overview/ch-01-the-singapore-legal-system |title=The Singapore Legal System |publisher=Singapore Academy of Law |accessdate=26 June 2011}}</ref> The president is elected through [[Suffrage|popular vote]], and has some [[veto]] powers for a few big decisions such as the use of the national reserves and the appointment of judges, but otherwise occupies a post with little power.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.istana.gov.sg/content/istana/thepresident.html |title=The President |publisher=Singaporean Government |accessdate=26 June 2011 |archive-date=11 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611130556/http://www.istana.gov.sg/content/istana/thepresident.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Parliament of Singapore|Parliament]] serves as the [[Legislature|legislative branch]] of government.<ref name="Law" /> Members of Parliament (MPs) are made up of elected, non-constituency and nominated members. Elected MPs are voted into parliament on a "[[First-past-the-post voting|first-past-the-post]]" (plurality) system and represent either single-member or group-representation constituencies.<ref name="parliament.gov.sg">{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.gov.sg/members-parliament |title=Members of Parliament |publisher=Government of Singapore |accessdate=12 June 2011 |archive-date=17 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110417154628/http://www.parliament.gov.sg/members-parliament |url-status=dead }}</ref> Elections are free, and the [[People's Action Party]] has won control of Parliament with large majorities in every election since self-governance in 1959.<ref name="freedomhouse">{{cite web |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2010&country=7915 |title=Freedom in the World 2010 – Singapore |publisher=Freedom House |accessdate=12 June 2011 |archive-date=7 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107002407/http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2010&country=7915 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In the most recent parliamentary elections in 2020, the largest opposition, led by the [[Workers' Party of Singapore|Workers' Party]], increased its representation in the House to 10 elected MPs out of 93.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fernandez|first=Warren|date=11 July 2020|title=GE2020: PAP wins 83 of 93 seats; WP takes two GRCs|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/pap-wins-83-of-93-seats-wp-takes-two-grcs|access-date=27 April 2021|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> The legal system of Singapore is based on [[English common law]], however with large and important local differences. [[Trial by jury]] was removed in 1970 leaving [[judiciary|judicial]] judgement done completely and only by [[judge]]ship.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.singaporelawwatch.sg/About-Singapore-Law/Overview/ch-01-the-singapore-legal-system |title=The Singapore Legal System |publisher=Singapore Academy of Law |date=25 September 2007 |accessdate=10 June 2011}}</ref> Singapore has laws that include [[corporal punishment]] in the form of caning for [[rape]], [[riot]]ing, [[vandalism]], and some immigration crimes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.corpun.com/singfeat.htm |title=Judicial caning in Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei |publisher=World Corporal Punishment Research |year=2008 |accessdate=2 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| author=Kuntz, Tom |title=Ideas & Trends; Beyond Singapore: Corporal Punishment, A to Z |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/26/weekinreview/ideas-trends-beyond-singapore-corporal-punishment-a-to-z.html?scp=29&sq=?pagewanted=1 |date=26 June 1994 |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> There is a mandatory [[death penalty]] for [[murder]], and for certain [[Illegal drug trade|drug-trafficking]] and [[Gun|firearms]] offences.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1017.html#crime |title=Singapore country specific information |publisher=U.S. Department of State |date=19 March 2010 |access-date=23 October 2011 |archive-date=30 December 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041230204937/http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1017.html#crime |url-status=dead }}</ref> In a 2008 survey, international business executives believed Singapore had the best judicial system in Asia.<ref>{{cite news |agency=Agence France-Presse |url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/world/09/15/08/hong-kong-has-best-judicial-system-asia-business-survey |title=Hong Kong has best judicial system in Asia: business survey |work=ABS-CBN News |location=Philippines |date=15 September 2008 |accessdate=23 August 2010 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511090005/http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/world/09/15/08/hong-kong-has-best-judicial-system-asia-business-survey |url-status=dead }}</ref> == People == === Religion === [[Buddhism]] is the most common religion in Singapore.<ref name="census2010">{{cite web |url=http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/popn/c2010sr1/cop2010sr1.pdf | title=Singapore Census 2010 Statistical Release 1 | publisher=Singapore Department of Statistics | accessdate=30 September 2011 | archive-date=3 March 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303155259/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/popn/C2010sr1/cop2010sr1.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> Other common religions include: [[Christianity]], [[Islam]], [[Taoism]], and [[Hinduism]].<ref name="census2010" /> === Education === {{bar box | title=Educational level of Singaporeans that are not students and are older than 15 in 2005<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/popn/ghsr1/chap2.pdf |title=Education and Language |publisher=Singaporean government |accessdate=11 April 2011 |archive-date=13 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113153652/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/popn/ghsr1/chap2.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> | titlebar=#ddd | width=350px | left1=Highest qualification | right1=Percentage | float=right | bars= {{bar percent|No education|yellow|18}} {{bar percent|[[Primary School Leaving Examination|Primary school]]|blue|45}} {{bar percent|[[Singapore-Cambridge GCE Ordinary Level|Secondary school]]|red|15}} {{bar percent|Post-secondary diploma|gray|8}} {{bar percent|Degree|green|13}}}} Students in Singapore go through six years of compulsory primary school. During the six years, students' learning is focused on English, their mother tongue, mathematics and science.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Overview of primary school curriculum|url=http://www.moe.gov.sg/primary/curriculum/overview|access-date=2023-02-26|website=Base|language=en}}</ref> At the end of the six years, all students take the [[Primary School Leaving Examination]] (PSLE).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.moe.gov.sg/initiatives/compulsory-education/ | title=Compulsory Education | publisher=Ministry of Education, Singapore | accessdate=26 September 2011 }}</ref> Depending on their results in the PSLE, students are [[Streaming (education)|streamed]] into "Special", "Express", "Normal (Academic)", and "Normal (Technical)" groups.<ref name="Sec-Sch Courses">{{cite web |url=http://www.moe.gov.sg/education/secondary/courses/ | title=Secondary School Courses | publisher=Ministry of Education, Singapore | accessdate=26 September 2011 | archive-date=8 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908055157/http://www.moe.gov.sg/education/secondary/courses/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> The amount of time a student spends studying in Secondary school (4–5 years) depends on their group.<ref name="Sec-Sch Courses" /> Students are taught in English, and their mother tongue, which can be [[Chinese language|Chinese]], [[Malay language|Malay]] or [[Tamil language|Tamil]]. Secondary school students may also choose to study a third language such as:<ref name="MOE-LP" /> * [[German language|German]] * [[Japanese language|Japanese]] * [[French language|French]] * [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] * [[Hindi language|Hindi]] * [[Spanish language|Spanish]] * [[Malay language|Malay]] special programme – For non-Malay speakers * [[Chinese language|Chinese]] special programme – For non-Chinese speakers Students can take a third language as it increases their chances of getting an overseas [[scholarship]] and can improve their examination grades, especially in the [[Singapore-Cambridge GCE Ordinary Level|GCE Ordinary Level]] ("O" Levels), which are Secondary students take after their five or four years of education.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moelc.moe.edu.sg/benefits/benefits.htm|title=MOE Language Centre Benefits|year=2007|publisher=Ministry of Education, Singapore|accessdate=20 December 2010|archive-date=8 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111108215059/http://www.moelc.moe.edu.sg/benefits/benefits.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, only some students can qualify to take a third language.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.moe.gov.sg/education/secondary/language-programmes/ |title=Language Programmes |year=2011 |publisher=Ministry of Education, Singapore |accessdate=20 September 2011 }}</ref> After their "O" Levels, students can choose to go to a polytechnic, junior college, centralised institutes or Institutes of Technical Education (ITE). Polytechnics is a place where students can study for 3 years for a [[diploma]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.moe.gov.sg/education/post-secondary/index.php | title=Post-Secondary Education | publisher=Ministry of Education, Singapore | accessdate=26 September 2011 | archive-date=13 October 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013094719/http://moe.gov.sg/education/post-secondary/index.php#polytechnics | url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Junior college]] is a place where students study for 2 years to receive an [[GCE Advanced Level|"A" Level]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.moe.gov.sg/education/pre-u/ | title=Pre-University Education | publisher=Ministry of Education, Singapore | accessdate=26 September 2011 | archive-date=5 April 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080405194544/http://www.moe.gov.sg/education/pre-u/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> Centralised institutes is a place where students study for 3 years to receive an [[GCE Advanced Level|"A" Level]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our History|url=https://www.millenniainstitute.moe.edu.sg/about-us/mi-identity/our-history|access-date=2023-02-26|website=www.millenniainstitute.moe.edu.sg}}</ref> Students can also go to Institutes of Technical Education, where students study for two years to receive a "National ITE Certificate" (NITEC). This certificate is only recognized in Singapore. Students who go to ITE usually continue their education at a polytechnic. With either a diploma, or an "A" Level [[certificate]], students can apply to go to [[universities]] in Singapore or overseas.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.moe.gov.sg/education/pre-u/pre-u-to-university/ | title=From Pre-University to University Education | publisher=Ministry of Education, Singapore | accessdate=26 September 2011 | archive-date=13 October 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013213332/http://moe.gov.sg/education/pre-u/pre-u-to-university/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> === Languages === {{bar box |title=Language used most frequently at home<ref name="singstat1">{{cite web |url=https://www.singstat.gov.sg/docs/default-source/default-document-library/publications/publications_and_papers/GHS/ghs2015/findings.pdf |title=General Household Survey 2015 |year=2015 |access-date=15 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215063843/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/docs/default-source/default-document-library/publications/publications_and_papers/GHS/ghs2015/findings.pdf |archive-date=15 December 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/english-most-common-home-language-in-singapore-bilingualism-also-up-government-survey|title=English most common home language in Singapore, bilingualism also up: Government survey|last=hermes|date=10 March 2016}}</ref> |titlebar=#ddd |left1=Language |right1=Percent |float=right |bars= {{bar percent|English|blue|36.9}} {{bar percent|Mandarin|yellow|34.9}} {{bar percent|Malay|red|10.7}} {{bar percent|Tamil|green|3.3}} {{bar percent|Others|grey|14.2}} }} The [[Government of Singapore|Singapore government]] has chosen four official languages: [[English language|English]], [[Malay language|Malay]], [[Mandarin Chinese|Chinese (Mandarin)]], and [[Tamil language|Tamil]]. English is the primary language.<ref name="statutes.agc.gov.sg" /> [[Singapore English]] is the main language in Singapore.<ref>{{cite journal | url = http://www.leeds.ac.uk/english/staff/afg/pragp3.doc | title = Epistemic modalities and the discourse particles of Singapore | first = A.F. | last = Gupta | editor = Fischer, K. | format = DOC | journal = Approaches to Discourse Particles | publisher = Elsevier | location = Amsterdam | pages = 244–263 | access-date = 2011-02-15 | archive-date = 2011-02-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110205010214/http://www.leeds.ac.uk/english/staff/afg/pragp3.doc | url-status = dead }}</ref> English is the first language of the nation, but it is not the most common. English is the second most commonly spoken language among Singaporeans. The most commonly spoken language among Singaporeans in their homes is Chinese (51%), followed by English (32%), Malay (13%) and Tamil (7%). This means that 32% of Singaporeans are native English speakers. Most of the rest of the people speak it as a second language. However, English has the largest total number of speakers including native and second language speakers. [[Mandarin Chinese]] is the second most common.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news|last=Oi|first=Mariko|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-11468401|title=Singapore's booming appetite to study Mandarin|work=BBC News|date=5 October 2010|access-date=27 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceC">[http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/papers/people/c2000adr-literacy.pdf Literacy and language] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091113162718/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/papers/people/c2000adr-literacy.pdf |date=13 November 2009 }}, Singapore Census of Population, 2000. Singapore Department of Statistics (December 2000).</ref> Almost 40% of people in Singapore are foreign.<ref name="un.org" /> Most foreigners come from Asia. The country where most foreigners come from is [[Malaysia]], its closest neighbour. In 2009, there may have been 350,000 Malaysians working in Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pemberhentian Online - Malaysians in Singapore 'last to be let go' |url=http://www.mohr.gov.my/pemberhentian/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=47&Itemid=6 |access-date=15 February 2011 |archive-date=22 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110122113942/http://www.mohr.gov.my/pemberhentian/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=47&Itemid=6 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Many Chinese-speaking foreigners and Chinese-speaking Singaporeans work in services. Thus, Chinese is the main language of many workers such as hawkers, retail assistants, [[hairdresser]]s, etc. in Singapore today.<ref>[http://www.asiaone.com/Business/Office/Ask/Story/A1Story20071209-40266.htmlf]{{dead link|date=December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.asiaone.com/News/Education/Story/A1Story20090831-164714.html |title=Sorry, no English |access-date=5 December 2013 |archive-date=7 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107235531/http://news.asiaone.com/News/Education/Story/A1Story20090831-164714.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[File:Singapore from Chinatown.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Singapore from [[Chinatown, Singapore|Chinatown]]]] [[Singapore English|Singaporean English]] mainly comes from [[British English]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://blogs.nlb.gov.sg/ask/children/481 |title=What are some commonly misspelled English words? {{!}} ASK! |access-date=15 February 2011 |archive-date=3 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303222846/https://blogs.nlb.gov.sg/ask/children/481 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The forms of English spoken in Singapore range from [[Standard English]] to a [[pidgin]] called [[Singlish]]. The Singapore government and many Singaporeans are against using [[Singlish]]. There is a "Speak Good English" campaign each year. [[Public school]]s and in the media also have rules against Singlish.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,501020729-322685,00.html |title=A war of words is brewing over Singlish – TIME |access-date=2013-12-05 |archive-date=2013-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023025447/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,501020729-322685,00.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> There are many Singapore accents in English because of the many languages and identities of people in the city. Languages can even change over the generations and children may speak different languages and have different accents from their mother. For example, in a Singaporean Chinese family, the grandmother might speak [[Hokkien]] as her first language. Differently, the mother might speak Mandarin as her first language and Hokkien/English as her second languages, while the grandson might speak English as his first language and Mandarin as his second language. Before independence in 1965, [[Hokkien]], a Chinese dialect, was the common language among the Chinese laborers. Malay and English were used to communicate between the different ethnic groups.<ref name="country-data.com">[http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-11814.html Singapore – Language Planning]</ref> After independence in 1965, English became the first language of the nation and replaced Hokkien and Malay as the one shared language. Today, most younger Singaporeans have English as their first language or are fluent in English. [[Malay language|Malay]] is a national language of Singapore because of the history of the city.<ref name="statutes.agc.gov.sg" /> However, less than 20% of Singaporeans can read and write in Malay. Malay is still used at home by most [[Malay Singaporeans]].<ref name=Afendras1980>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CQgjrpgdU6gC&pg=PA42 |title=Language and society in Singapore|publisher=Singapore University Press |first1=Evangelos A. |last1=Afendras |first2=Eddie C.Y. |last2=Kuo |year=1980 |isbn=978-9971-69-016-8 |access-date=27 February 2011}}</ref> The Malay used in Singapore (Bahasa Melayu) is closer to the language in [[Malaysia]] than the language in [[Indonesia]]. However, there are differences between the Malay in Singapore and in Malaysia. The national anthem "[[Majulah Singapura]]" is sung in Malay. Many people speak Chinese – [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] and other Chinese [[dialect]]s – in Singapore. Just over 50% of Singaporeans speak it at home, so it is the most common language in homes.<ref name="Afendras1980" /> Singaporean Mandarin is based on simplified Chinese and it is similar to the system used in [[mainland China]]. The forms of Mandarin spoken in Singapore range from [[Standard Mandarin]] to a pidgin known as [[Singdarin]]. Besides Mandarin, many southern Chinese dialects are also spoken in Singapore. [[Hokkien]] used to be a [[lingua franca]] among the Singaporean Chinese so many older Singaporeans still understand [[Hokkien]]. The most common Chinese dialects spoken by Singaporeans are the [[Hokkien]], [[Hainan]], [[Teochew]] and [[Cantonese language|Cantonese]].<ref name="country-data.com" /> However, Chinese dialects other than Mandarin are not allowed in the media, so these dialects are quickly dying out. Most younger Singaporeans do not speak them anymore. [[Tamil language|Tamil]], a South Indian language, is spoken by about half of Indians in Singapore. That is about 5% of all Singaporeans. However, North Indian languages such as [[Hindi]] and [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] are also spoken by a small group of Singaporean Indians in Singapore.<ref>Leow, Bee Geok (2001). Census of Population 2000: Demographic Characteristics. p.47-49.</ref> == Culture == [[File:Colorful shophouses in Koon Seng Road, Singapore.jpg|thumb|200px|Shophouses in Singapore]] Singapore has many kinds of people and immigrants from many places. Therefore, Singaporean culture has often been described as a mix of cultures – European, Malay, Chinese, Indian and [[Peranakan]]. Also, foreigners are 42% of the population in Singapore and they are part of changing Singaporean culture.<ref name="un.org">[http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/migration/UN_MigStock_2008.pdf "Trends in international migrant stock: The 2008 revision"], United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2009).</ref><ref name="singstat.gov.sg">[http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/popn/population2009.pdf "Population Trends 2009"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922154130/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/popn/population2009.pdf |date=22 September 2010 }}, Singapore Department of Statistics. ISSN 1793-2424</ref> === Food === [[File:Hainanese Chicken Rice.jpg|thumb|200px|The Hainanese chicken rice, a local food in Singapore]] Dining is an important part of life in Singapore.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://app.www.sg/where/default.aspx |title=Singapore Dining |publisher=App.www.sg |accessdate=2 November 2010 |archive-date=2 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502130333/http://app.www.sg/where/default.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Singaporean food is an example of the many different cultures in the country. It is also an example of mixing among cultures. British, Chinese, Indian, Malay, Tamil, and Indonesian styles of cooking all mix together. It is especially known for its seafood. Typical Singaporean food includes: [[Satay]], [[Nasi lemak]], [[Chilli crab]], [[Kaya toast]], [[Laksa]], and [[Hainanese chicken rice]].<ref name="lingCNN14apr2010">{{cite web|last=Ling|first=Catherine|title=40 Singapore foods we can't live without|url=http://travel.cnn.com/singapore/none/40-singapore-foods-we-cant-live-without-810208/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119235745/http://travel.cnn.com/singapore/none/40-singapore-foods-we-cant-live-without-810208/|archive-date=19 November 2012|access-date=13 January 2019|publisher=CNN}}</ref> === Media === [[MediaCorp]], the state-owned media corporation, operates all seven local [[Broadcasting|broadcast]] [[Television network|television channels]] in Singapore. It also runs 13 [[radio]] stations of the 18 radio stations in Singapore.<ref>[https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/meradio/id369117106?mt=8 MeRadio on the iPhone, iPod touch, and the iPad on the iTunes App Store] – Retrieved 16 December 2010</ref> Radio and television stations are all owned by government controlled companies. However, one radio transmitter in Singapore is not controlled by the government. That is the Far Eastern Relay Station of the [[BBC|BBC World Service]]. Print media of Singapore includes 16 [[newspaper]]s and several [[magazine]]s. Daily newspapers are published in English, Chinese, Malay, and [[Tamil language|Tamil]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Foreign & Local Media in Singapore|url=https://www.mci.gov.sg/press-services/guide-for-foreign-media/media-in-singapore/foreign-and-local-media-in-singapore|access-date=27 April 2021|website=Base|language=en|archive-date=27 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427191550/https://www.mci.gov.sg/press-services/guide-for-foreign-media/media-in-singapore/foreign-and-local-media-in-singapore|url-status=dead}}</ref> == National flower == [[File:VandaMissJoaquim.jpg|thumb|200px|The national flower of Singapore]] The national flower of Singapore is Vanda Miss Joaquim. It is a type of [[orchid]] and it is a [[hybrid]] orchid. This makes Singapore the only nation in the world to have a [[hybrid]] as a national flower. It was chosen because it was part of the effort to create national pride and identity.<ref>[http://www.nparks.gov.sg/cms/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=79&Itemid=67 Our national flower] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604025910/http://www.nparks.gov.sg/cms/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=79&Itemid=67 |date=4 June 2012 }} – Retrieved 11 December 2010</ref> == Economy == [[File:Singapore Airlines Airbus A380 (9V-SKD) arrives London Heathrow 7June2015 arp.jpg|thumb|A Singapore Airlines [[Airbus|Airbus A380-800]]]] Singapore has a strong and free economy that supports a large [[middle class]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Overview|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/singapore/overview|access-date=27 April 2021|publisher=World Bank|language=en}}</ref> The city-state is a global [[shipping]] and [[logistics]] hub and many multinational firms have their offices in Singapore. The national airline, [[Singapore Airlines]], has a large global network which brings tourists and business travellers alike, to the city. The airline has often been ranked as the world's best airline.<ref>{{cite news |title=SIA bags world's best airline title |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/sia-bags-worlds-best-airline-title |work=The Straits Times |date=18 July 2018 |access-date=21 July 2018 |archive-date=21 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721103252/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/sia-bags-worlds-best-airline-title |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.singaporeair.com/en_UK/flying-with-us/singaporegirl/|title=Singapore Girl – You're a Great Way To Fly|access-date=24 April 2015|archive-date=20 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520211231/http://www.singaporeair.com/en_UK/flying-with-us/singaporegirl/|url-status=live}}</ref> Singapore also has a [[port]] located at the south of Singapore, called Keppel Harbour. It is one of the busiest ports around the world with many ships coming in to trade in a single day.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.singaporepsa.com/aboutus.php |title=PSA Singapore |access-date=19 December 2010 |archive-date=18 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218180720/http://www.singaporepsa.com/aboutus.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Singapore also has another port on [[Jurong Island]]. [[File:Singapore port panorama.jpg|thumb|800px|The port of Singapore is one of the busiest ports in the world.]] === Money === {{Main|Singapore dollar}} Singapore's [[currency]] is the Singapore [[dollar]]. The short name for the [[Singapore dollar]] is SGD. [[Brunei]] dollar can be used in Singapore, because they have the same [[value]].<ref>[http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Singapore_and_Brunei_issue_joint_banknote News about their joint agreement on English Wikinews]</ref> == Geography == [[File:CIA World Factbook map of Singapore (English).png|thumb|alt=Map showing Singapore's island and the territories belonging Singapore and its neighbours|A Map of Singapore and the surrounding islands & waterways]] Singapore is made up of 63 islands, including the main island, which is known as Singapore Island to most people. It is also known as Pulau Ujong.<ref>{{cite book |first1 =Victor R. |last1= Savage |first2= Brenda S.A. |last2= Yeoh |title=Toponymics: A Study of Singapore's Street Names |year=2004 |publisher=Eastern Universities Press |location =Singapore |isbn=9789812103642}}</ref> There are two-man-made connections to [[Johor]], Malaysia: the [[Johor–Singapore Causeway]] in the north, and the [[Malaysia–Singapore Second Link|Tuas Second Link]] in the west. [[Jurong Island]], [[Pulau Tekong]], [[Pulau Ubin]] and [[Sentosa]] are the largest of Singapore's smaller islands. The highest natural point is [[Bukit Timah]] Hill at {{convert|166|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://heritagetrails.sg/content/148/Bukit_Timah_Hill.html |publisher=Heritage Trails |accessdate=22 April 2010 |title=Bukit Timah Hill |archive-date=5 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205015600/http://heritagetrails.sg/content/148/Bukit_Timah_Hill.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> About 23% of Singapore's land area are forest and nature reserves.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://earthtrends.wri.org/pdf_library/country_profiles/for_cou_702.pdf |title=Forests, grasslands and drylands – Singapore |publisher=World Resources Institute |year=2003 |accessdate=2 July 2011 |archive-date=1 June 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050601091338/http://earthtrends.wri.org/pdf_library/country_profiles/for_cou_702.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Urbanisation]] has removed most primary [[rainforest]], with [[Bukit Timah Nature Reserve]] the only significant remaining forest.<ref name="earthshots.usgs.gov" /> Even though there is very little primary rainforest left, there are more than 300 parks and four nature reserves in Singapore. There are also many trees planted all over Singapore and almost fifty per cent of the country is covered by trees and plants. Because of this, Singapore is also commonly known as the "Garden City".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nparks.gov.sg/cms/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=198&Itemid=66#_ftnref2 |title=Interesting facts of our Garden City |accessdate=18 October 2011 |archive-date=19 January 2013 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6DnLqivZR?url=http://www.nparks.gov.sg/cms/index.php?option=com_content#_ftnref2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Singapore, being a small country, has been reclaiming land from the sea around the island. The first time Singapore started to reclaim land was in the 1960s. The total land area of Singapore at that time was 581.5&nbsp;km² and it has increased to 730&nbsp;km² in the 2010s, which is an increase of about 20% in total land area.<ref name="thinkquest">{{cite web |url=http://library.thinkquest.org/C006891/reclamation.html |title=21st Century Singapore – Land Reclamation |publisher=ORACLE ThinkQuest |accessdate=20 April 2011 |archive-date=6 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091006231300/http://library.thinkquest.org/C006891/reclamation.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It may grow by another {{convert|100|km2|sqmi|-1|abbr=on}} by 2030.<ref>{{cite web |title=Towards Environmental Sustainability, State of the Environment 2005 Report |format=PDF |url=http://app.nea.gov.sg/counter/nea_soecover.asp |publisher=Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources |accessdate=22 April 2010 |archive-date=23 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623124946/http://www.nea.gov.sg/cms/ccird/soe/soe_cover.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Some [[land reclamation]] projects involve joining smaller islands to make larger islands with more uses, like Jurong Island.<ref name="earthshots.usgs.gov">{{cite web |url=http://earthshots.usgs.gov/Singapore/Singapore |title=Earthshots: Satellite Images of Environmental Change: Singapore |publisher=Earthshots |accessdate=18 February 2011 |archive-date=10 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510074806/http://earthshots.usgs.gov/Singapore/Singapore |url-status=dead }}</ref> Singapore uses the [[Land reclamation#Landfill|landfill]] method to reclaim the sea at the south of the country, but [[polder]]s have been recently used too.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore to adopt Dutch polder concept as new land reclamation method at Pulau Tekong|url=https://www.deltares.nl/en/projects/singapore-to-adopt-dutch-polder-concept-as-new-land-reclamation-method-at-pulau-tekong/|access-date=27 April 2021|website=Deltares|language=en-US}}</ref> The country's rapid reclamation projects has made disputes with its neighbouring countries, Malaysia and Indonesia.<ref name="Singapore">{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html |title=Singapore |date=1 September 2010 |work=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[CIA]] |at=section Transnational issues |accessdate=20 April 2011 |quote=disputes persist with Malaysia over [...] extensive land reclamation works |archive-date=28 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228230816/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Climate === [[File:Symphony Lake, Singapore Botanic Gardens - 20041025.jpg|thumb|200px|The Singapore botanic garden, which is part of Singapore's forests.]] Singapore is [[hot]] and [[wet]] all year round. It has a tropical [[rainforest]] climate (''Af'' in the [[Köppen climate classification]]), which means there are no [[season]]s ([[Spring (season)|spring]], [[summer]], [[autumn]] and [[winter]]) in Singapore. There is the most [[rain]] at the end of the year, and the [[temperature]] is usually around {{convert|23|to|32|°C|°F}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Singapore National Environment Agency Weather Statistics|url=http://www.nea.gov.sg/weather-climate/climate/weather-statistics|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031025300/http://www.nea.gov.sg/weather-climate/climate/weather-statistics|archive-date=31 October 2016|access-date=24 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="weather2">{{cite web |url=http://app2.nea.gov.sg/data/cmsresource/20090721544571208250.pdf | title=WEATHERWise Singapore | publisher=National Environment Agency |year=2009 | accessdate=21 October 2011 | archive-date=16 July 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716075506/http://app2.nea.gov.sg/data/cmsresource/20090721544571208250.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> Although Singapore does not experience the four seasons, the period from May to June is usually warmer, while the period from November to January is cooler because of the more frequent rains and monsoonal winds in Singapore during the year-end.<ref name="weather">[http://www.singaporeexpats.com/about-singapore/climate-and-location.htm About Singapore] – Retrieved on 23 November 2010</ref><ref name="weather2" /> {{Singapore weatherbox}} == Relations with other countries == Singapore has [[diplomacy|diplomatic relations]] with 175 other Sovereign states.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.sg/dipcon/singapore_mission_locator.html?domain=MFA | title=Singapore Missions Overseas | publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs | accessdate=20 October 2011 | archive-date=6 November 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111106164747/http://www.mfa.gov.sg/dipcon/singapore_mission_locator.html?domain=MFA | url-status=dead }}</ref> Singapore's [[foreign policy]] is to maintain a secure environment in [[Southeast Asia]] as well as the countries near Southeast Asia. A basic rule is the political and economic stability in Southeast Asia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asean.fta.govt.nz/singapore-foreign-relations |title=Australia – New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (AANZFTA) |publisher=New Zealand Government |date=4 December 2008 |accessdate=18 February 2011 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511232224/https://www.asean.fta.govt.nz/singapore-foreign-relations |url-status=dead }}</ref> === ASEAN === Singapore is part of the [[ASEAN]] (Association of the South East Asian nations) network, which is an organisation that unites all Southeast Asian countries. Member countries of ASEAN work with and help other countries in ASEAN. Singapore is one of the countries that founded ASEAN, and is the most developed country among them all.<ref>[http://aseanrocks.com/ ASEAN rocks, a website showing Singapore's support of ASEAN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128091241/http://aseanrocks.com/ |date=28 January 2011 }} – retrieved 25 November 2010</ref> === Commonwealth of Nations === Singapore is also part of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]], which is for countries that used to be under the British's rule.<ref>[http://www.commonwealth-of-nations.org/Singapore/Organisations/Singapore_in_the_Commonwealth Singapore in the Commonwealth] – retrieved 25 November 2010</ref> == Holidays == Public holidays in Singapore:<ref>[http://www.mom.gov.sg/employment-practices/employment-rights-conditions/leave-and-holiday/Pages/public-holidays.aspx Ministry of Manpower, Singapore. List of public holidays] Retrieved on 22 November 2010</ref> * [[New Year]]'s Day * [[Chinese New Year]] ([[Chinese people|Chinese]] [[Festival]]) – 2 days * [[Good Friday]] * [[Labor Day|Labour Day]] * Vesak Day ([[Buddhist]] [[Festival]]) * [[National Day]] * Hari Raya Puasa ([[Malays|Malay]] [[Festival]]) * [[Deepavali]] ([[India]]n [[Festival]]) * Hari Raya Haji ([[Malays|Malay]] [[Festival]]) * [[Christmas]] Day There are also [[school]] holidays, lasting one week in [[March]] and [[September]], about one month in [[June]], and about one and a half months in [[November]] and [[December]].<ref>[http://www.moe.gov.sg/schools/terms-and-holidays/#pri-sec-sch-hols Ministry of Education, Singapore. List of holidays]</ref> == Records == [[File:Sg-flyer-4oct07.jpg|thumb|200px|The Singapore Flyer]] Even though it is a small country, Singapore holds many world records with its buildings and people. Some are: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Type of record !! Name of record !! Received record |- | Building || For the tallest Ferris wheel in the world || [[Singapore Flyer]]<ref>[http://www.singaporeflyer.com/en/about-us/about-singapore-flyer.html About Singapore Flyer – Singapore Flyer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090803142413/http://www.singaporeflyer.com/en/about-us/about-singapore-flyer.html |date=3 August 2009 }} - Retrieved 11 December 2010</ref> |- | Building || For the tallest indoor waterfall in the world || [[Jewel Changi Airport]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/changis-jewel-shaping-up-well-for-sparkling-start-in-2019|title=Changi's Jewel shaping up well for sparkling start in 2019|last=Kaur|first=Karamjit|date=21 March 2017|work=The Straits Times|access-date=9 January 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225091131/http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/changis-jewel-shaping-up-well-for-sparkling-start-in-2019|archive-date=25 December 2017}}</ref> |- | Sports || Olympic record (OR) at the 100 metres butterfly || Joseph Schooling – [[2016 Summer Olympics]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/08/12/sport/michael-phelps-swimming-rio-2016/|title=Joseph Schooling beats Michael Phelps, wins Singapore's first Olympic gold|last=Eoghan|first=Macguire|date=13 August 2016|publisher= CNN | access-date = 13 August 2016}}</ref> |}{{clear}} == Transportation == Singapore has one of the best [[infrastructure]] qualities in the world.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joe Biden says US is 13th in the world for infrastructure quality, same rankings put S'pore first|url=https://mothership.sg/2021/04/joe-biden-infrastructure-singapore/|access-date=28 April 2021|website=mothership.sg|language=en}}</ref> [[Bus]]es, [[Railway|trains]], and [[taxi]]s are easily found. Most of Singapore is well-connected by a [[railway]] system known as the [[Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)|Mass Rapid Transit]], or MRT in short. There are also taxi companies like Comfort Cabs, Silver Cab, SMRT Taxis, CityCab and Premier Taxi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taxisingapore.com/taxi-companies/|title=Taxi Companies in Singapore|publisher=Singapore Taxi|accessdate=20 December 2010|archive-date=10 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101210042524/http://www.taxisingapore.com/taxi-companies|url-status=dead}}</ref> There is one telephone number to call a taxi, of which the closest taxi from any company will respond.<ref>{{cite press release|title=One Common Taxi Number|publisher=Land Transport Authority|date=16 July 2008|url=http://app.lta.gov.sg/corp_press_content.asp?start=1970|accessdate=20 December 2010|archivedate=27 May 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527044240/http://app.lta.gov.sg/corp_press_content.asp?start=1970}}</ref> Apps such as Grab and [[Gojek]] as an alternative to taxi companies are also available. The Mass Rapid Transit of Singapore is the most commonly used form of transportation in Singapore.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sbstransit.com.sg/about/operational.aspx|title=About Us – Ridership|year=2010|publisher=SBS Transit Ltd|accessdate=20 December 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smrt.com.sg/investors/key_operating_matrix_MRT.asp|title=SMRT Website – Monthly total MRT Ridership|year=2010|publisher=SMRT Corporation Ltd|accessdate=20 December 2010|archive-date=6 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110106223728/http://www.smrt.com.sg/investors/key_operating_matrix_MRT.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> <gallery mode="packed" heights="140" style="text-align:left"> File:Singapore Buses (SBST) - 0625.jpg|Buses can take commuters to almost any part of Singapore, even to places not reached by MRTs File:KSF C151B close view 0225.jpg|MRT Trains can reduce travel time across the city. File:Toyota Prius XW60 Singapore Taxi.jpg|Taxi provides service to commuters who are traveling directly from one location to another without transfers </gallery> The Singaporean land transport system is controlled by the LTA ([[Land Transport Authority]]) of Singapore.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://popularbingositesuk.wordpress.com/2018/09/10/about-lta/ | title=About LTA | accessdate=24 September 2011}}</ref>[[File:Jewel Changi (II).jpg|thumb|200px|[[Jewel Changi Airport]] complex in the Singapore Changi Airport|left]] === Airport === {{Main|Singapore Changi Airport}} The Singapore [[Singapore Changi Airport|Changi Airport]] is the main [[airport]] of Singapore. It is in the east of Singapore, with a total of four terminals with [[airline]]s flying to many different parts of the world. It has also received many [[award]]s for being the best airport in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1045522/1/.html |title=Changi named World's Best Airport |publisher=Channel NewsAsia |date=24 March 2010 |accessdate=24 September 2011 |archive-date=23 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023083317/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1045522/1/.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="CHANGI NLB-SG">{{cite web |url=http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_574_2004-12-23.html | title=Changi International Airport – Singapore Infopedia | publisher=National Library Board Singapore | date=6 December 2001 | accessdate=24 September 2011 | author=Tan, Bonny | archive-date=22 August 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110822154239/http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_574_2004-12-23.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> The airport is in [[Changi]]. It is on a 13 square kilometres (5.0 sq mi) site which was reclaimed from the sea.<ref name="CHANGI NLB-SG" /> {{clear}} ==Related pages== * [[1972 Queenstown shooting]] == Notes == {{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}} {{notelist}} == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == {{sisterlinks|Singapore|voy=Singapore}} * [http://www.singapore-dine.sg/ Singapore Food Guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703181537/http://singapore-dine.sg/ |date=3 July 2015 }} * {{CIA World Factbook link|sn|Singapore}} * [http://app.www.sg/ Singapore's gateway website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605161912/http://app.www.sg/ |date=5 June 2010 }} * [http://gothere.sg/ Interactive map of Singapore] * [http://www.goodenglish.org.sg/ Speak good English movement] {{Places in Singapore}} {{Asia}} {{Commonwealth nations}} {{ASEAN}} {{Authority control}} [[category:Education by country| ]] [[Category:Singapore| ]] [[Category:1963 establishments in Asia]] [[Category:Commonwealth member states]] [[Category:English-speaking countries]] 6f93cns7e9a3kcaigdaz03ynakydj1i 0 6193 10369089 10281484 2025-07-03T07:23:53Z 2605:4A80:7804:8EE0:A077:CF05:41E2:FD96 10369089 wikitext text/x-wiki {{about|the modern state of Syria}} {{tone}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}} {{Coord|35|N|38|E|display=title}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Syria | common_name = | native_name = {{native name|ar|ٱلسُّورِيَّةُ|italics=off}} <br />{{small|{{transl|ar|Sūrīyah}}|italics=yes}} | image_flag = File:Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg | image_flag2 = | flag_caption = Flag<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pministry.gov.sy/contents/30775/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9--%D9%85%D9%87%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7-%D8%B6%D8%A8%D8%B7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B8-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2024-12-13 |archive-date=2024-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241212160432/https://www.pministry.gov.sy/contents/30775/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9--%D9%85%D9%87%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7-%D8%B6%D8%A8%D8%B7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B8-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://img.i-scmp.com/cdn-cgi/image/fit=contain,width=1024,format=auto/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/12/11/951bec6e-d1e6-4c8c-a69b-940a212eec9e_595de0ff.jpg</ref><ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2024/12/06/world/video/abu-mohammad-al-jolani-syria-rebel-leader-karadsheh-digvid</ref><ref>https://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/middleeastnews/823325/mohammed-al-bashir-appointed-caretaker-syrian-pm-for-transitional-gove/en</ref> | image_coat = Coat of arms of Syria (2024–present).svg | national_anthem = | national_motto = | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:Syria (orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]<br /> {{map caption |location_color=green}}|Show globe|[[File:Syria - Location Map (2013) - SYR - UNOCHA.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show map of Syria|default=1}} | capital = [[Damascus]] | coordinates = {{Coord|33|30|N|36|18|E|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Damascus]] | official_languages = | languages_type = Major languages | recognised_languages = * [[Kurdish]] * Syriac * [[French]] * [[English]] * [[Turkish]] * [[Aramaic]] * [[Armenian]] * Circassian * [[Azerbaijani]] | languages = [[Arabic]]<br>[[Kurdish]] | languages2_type = Minor languages | languages2 = Syriac<br>[[Aramaic]]<br>[[Armenian]]<br>Circassian<br>[[Turkish]]<br>[[French]]<br>[[English]] | ethnic_groups = 90% [[Arabs|Arab]]<br />9% [[Kurds|Kurd]]<br>1% Other | religion = 87% [[Islam]]<br />2% [[Christianity]]<ref name=CIA>{{cite web | url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/syria/ | title=Syria | work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency | access-date=7 April 2021}}</ref><br />3% [[Druze]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gulf2000.columbia.edu/images/maps/Syria_Ethnic_Shift_2010-2018_lg.png|year=2018|title=Syria: Ethnic Shift, 2010–mid 2018|website=gulf2000.columbia.edu|publisher=Columbia University Gulf2000|access-date=2 June 2019}}</ref> | government_type = <!-- NOTICE: Please don't change it to a single-party state, because in 2012 a new Constitution was approved, allowing more parties to participate in elections and other events. --> | leader_title1 = [[President of Syria|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Ahmed al-Sharaa]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Syria|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Mohammed al-Bashir]] | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | legislature = Vacant | established_event1 = Arab Kingdom of Syria | established_date1 = 8 March 1920 | established_event2 = State of Syria under French mandate | established_date2 = 1 December 1924 | established_event3 = Syrian Republic | established_date3 = 14 May 1930 | established_event4 = ''De jure'' Independence | established_date4 = 24 October 1945 | established_event5 = ''De facto'' Independence | established_date5 = 17 April 1946 | established_event6 = Left the [[United Arab Republic]] | established_date6 = {{nowrap|28 September 1961}} | established_event7 = {{nowrap|Ba'ath party seized power}} | established_date7 = 8 March 1963 | established_event8 = Fall of [[Ba'ath Party|Ba'athist]] [[Totalitarianism|rule]] | established_date8 = 8 December 2024 | area_km2 = 185180<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mofa.gov.sy/cweb/MOEX_NEW/syria/Overview.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511155611/http://mofa.gov.sy/cweb/MOEX_NEW/syria/Overview.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-05-11|title= Syrian ministry of foreign affairs}}</ref> | area_rank = 87th <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]--> | area_sq_mi = 71479 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> | percent_water = 1.1 | population_estimate = 17,500,657 | population_census = 21,018,834 | population_estimate_year = 2020 | population_estimate_rank = 66th | population_census_year = 2010 | population_density_km2 = 118.3 | population_density_sq_mi = 306.5 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 70th | GDP_PPP = {{nowrap|$50.28 billion<ref name=CIA /><!--end nowrap:-->}} | GDP_PPP_year = 2015 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2,900<ref name="CIA" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = {{nowrap|$24.6 billion<ref name="CIA" />}} | GDP_nominal_year = 2014 | GDP_nominal_rank = 167 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $831<ref name="CIA" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = 55.8 <!-- number only --> | Gini_year = 2014 | Gini_change = <! --increase/decrease/steady --> | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=World Bank GINI index |publisher= World Bank |access-date=22 January 2013}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.567 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year --> | HDI_change = increase <!-- increase/decrease/steady --> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 151st | currency = Syrian pound | currency_code = SYP | time_zone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]] | utc_offset = +2 | utc_offset_DST = +3 | time_zone_DST = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]] | drives_on = right | calling_code = +963 | iso3166code = SY | cctld = [[.sy]]<br />سوريا. | demonym = Syrian | today = | ethnic_groups_year = 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sy.html |title=Syria |work=CIA World factbook |publisher=CIA |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140624032324/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sy.html |archive-date=24 June 2014}}</ref> }} '''Syria''' is a [[country]] in the [[Middle East]], the west part of [[Asia]] and the north part of [[Europe]]. It borders [[Turkey]], [[Lebanon]], [[Jordan]], [[Iraq]] and [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]]. Its western part faces the [[Mediterranean Sea]] and shares a maritime border with [[Cyprus]], while its eastern and northern parts are [[Mountain|mountainous]]. Syria's national [[Capital (city)|capital]] is [[Damascus]]. The biggest city is [[Aleppo]]. It has been [[wikt:embroil|embroiled]] in [[Syrian civil war|civil war]] since March 2011. The religious makeup of Syria is 74% [[Sunni]], 11% [[Alawite]], 10% [[Christianity|Christian]], 3% [[Druze]], 1% [[Ismaili|Ismaili Shia]] 0.4% [[Twelvers|Twelver Shia]] and 0.1% [[Yazidis|Yazidi]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Religion in Syria - 1943 Syrian Census|url=https://www.liquisearch.com/religion_in_syria/1943_syrian_census|access-date=January 8, 2024}}</ref> ==History== {{main|History of Syria}} ===Before 20th century=== Syria has a very long [[History of Asia|history]]. It was a land of [[Phoenicia|Phoenicians]], which then became part of the [[Achaemenid Empire]], [[Roman Empire]], and then the [[Eastern Roman Empire]]. In those days people in Syria spoke the [[Syriac language]] and used the [[Syriac alphabet]], while the Syrian city [[Antioch]] was one of the important cities in [[Christendom]]. ====Islamization==== The [[Rashidun Caliphate]] took over Syria from the Eastern Roman Empire in the 6th century. Most of the indigenous population converted to [[Islam]] and adopted the [[Arabic language]]. The region then became an important province of the subsequent Muslim empires under the name of ''Bilād ash-Shām''.<ref> * {{cite book |title=The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661-750 |chapter=The First Dynasty of Islam |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780203137000/first-dynasty-islam-hawting |last=Hawting |first=G. R. |edition=2 |year=2001 |publisher=Routledge |edition=2 |isbn=9780203137000 |location=London |doi=10.4324/9780203137000 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |title=Contours of Conversion: The Geography of Islamization in Syria, 600–1500 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7817/jameroriesoci.135.4.791 |last=Carlson |first=Thomas A. |volume=135 |issue=4 (October–December 2015) |pages=791–816 |publisher=American Oriental Society |doi=10.7817/jameroriesoci.135.4.791 |jstor=10.7817/jameroriesoci.135.4.791 |year=2015 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite book |title=The Religious Roots of the Syrian Conflict |chapter=The Islamization of the Fertile Crescent |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9781137525710_7 |last=Tomass |first=Mark |pages=97–106 |year=2016 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite book |title=The Syriac World |chapter=Early Syriac Reactions to the Rise of Islam |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315708195-12/early-syriac-reactions-rise-islam-michael-penn |last=Penn |first=Michael |year=2018 |edition=1 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781315708195 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=Der Islam |title=“Superiority is due to us, and the king should come from among us”: The Arab Conquests and Conflicts of the Early Umayyad Era in a 7th-Century Syriac Universal History of Yoḥannān bar Penkāyē |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/islam-2024-0020/html |last1=Furman |first1=Yulia |last2=Cherkashin |first2=Dmitry |volume=101 |issue=2 |publisher=De Gruyter |date=October 10, 2024 |doi=10.1515/islam-2024-0020 |access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref> ===20th century=== When [[World War I]] started, the [[Ottoman Empire]] ruled Syria and many other places. When it ended, [[France]] controlled [[Lebanon]] and Syria. [[British Empire|Britain]] had [[Iraq]], [[Jordan]] and [[Palestine]]. They drew a border between Iraq and Syria in 1920. France controlled Syria until 1946 when Syria became its own country.<ref name="WDL">{{cite web |url = http://www.wdl.org/en/item/400/ |title = Report of the Commission Entrusted by the Council with the Study of the Frontier between Syria and Iraq |website = [[World Digital Library]] |date = 1932 |accessdate = 2013-07-11 }}</ref>{{better source|date=December 2024}} ====Cold War==== [[File:Report of the Commission Entrusted by the Council with the Study of the Frontier between Syria and Iraq Listen to this page.png|thumbnail|The line in the middle of this map is the [[border]] drawn in 1920 separating Iraq and Syria.]]Syria was part of the [[United Arab Republic]] with [[Egypt]] between 1958 and 1961. Syria fought some wars with Israel. Its former territory [[Golan Heights]] has been governed by Israel since [[Six-Day War|1967]].<ref> * {{cite web |website=The Washington Institute |title=Jordan Navigates Border Trade, Pressures from Syria |url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/jordan-navigates-border-trade-pressures-syria |last=Al-Makahleh |first=Shehab |date=July 24, 2018 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=The Jerusalem Post |title=The Six Day War: Six fateful days for Israel in 1967 - opinion |url=https://www.jpost.com/opinion/article-745705 |last=Regev |first=Mark |date=June 9, 2023 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |title=The Soviet Roots of Putin’s Foreign Policy Toward the Middle East |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2024/09/the-soviet-roots-of-putins-foreign-policy-toward-the-middle-east?lang=en |last=Katz |first=Mark N. |date=September 12, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024 |quote=Despite the dichotomy between ideological, Soviet-era support for anti-Western regimes and interest-driven Putin-era support, there are several similarities.}}</ref> Meanwhile, the [[Ba'athism|Ba'athist party]] seized power with a [[Coup d'état|coup]] in 1963 to establish a [[junta]].<ref name="AssadTotalitarianism1"> * {{cite web |website=ProQuest |title=Syria for the Syrians: The rise of Syrian nationalism, 1970-2013 |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/ab89d5a313d38aceba5506ad58eb288f/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750 |last=Gilbert |first=Victoria J. |year=2013 |location=Northeastern University, [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]] |access-date=December 9, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Utrecht University |title=Ba'athism: the hidden hand behind ISIS? An examination of the Ba'ath ideology, Saddam-regime and ISIS |url=https://studenttheses.uu.nl/handle/20.500.12932/32802 |last=Giesbers |first=A.M.K. |year=2018 |access-date=December 9, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=Politics, Religion & Ideology |title=Unforced Errors: ISIS, The Baath Party, And The Reconciliation Of The Religious and The Secular |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21567689.2019.1617136 |last=McBride |first=Megan K. |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=170–191 |date=May 28, 2019 |doi=10.1080/21567689.2019.1617136 |access-date=December 9, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=ProQuest |title=The Parallel Security Apparatus: Examining the Cases of Baathist Iraq, Syria, and Iran |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/8a3d3d81e6b951e0e8fc14f8a7c9660c/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y |last=Utchel |first=Donald M. |year=2019 |location=[[University of Nevada, Las Vegas]] |access-date=December 9, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Education & Research Archive |title=The Spirit of an Uprising: Contentious Politics and Pluralism in Syrian Society Post Arab Spring |url=https://era.library.ualberta.ca/items/33f404c6-b96b-4659-a871-49dddb7e0169 |last=Zaamout |first=Noureddin Mahmoud |year=2023 |doi=10.7939/r3-4g03-jt64 |access-date=December 9, 2024}}</ref><ref name="AssadTotalitarianism2"> * {{cite journal |journal=Open Journal of Political Science |title=The Baatho-Assadist System, a System of Political Instrumentalisation |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338627999_The_Baatho-Assadist_System_a_System_of_Political_Instrumentalisation |last=Mobaied |first=Samira |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=124–133 |year=2020 |location=[[Paris]], [[France]] |doi=10.4236/ojps.2020.101009 |access-date=December 9, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=[[Britannica]] |title=Bashar al-Assad - Syrian Conflict, Dictatorship, Human Rights |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bashar-al-Assad/Unrest-and-civil-war |date=December 9, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=Sarajevo Times |title=‘Totalitarian Regimes rarely fall peacefully, it is a Matter of long Preparations’ |url=https://sarajevotimes.com/totalitarian-regimes-rarely-fall-peacefully-it-is-a-matter-of-long-preparations |date=December 9, 2024}} * {{cite magazine |magazine=Barron's |title=Syria's Bashar Al-Assad's Quarter Century In Power |url=https://www.barrons.com/news/syria-s-bashar-al-assad-s-quarter-century-in-power-0ce1de16 |author=AFP - Agence France Presse |date=December 6, 2024 |access-date=December 9, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[The Guardian]] |title=They ‘didn’t look the type’: how the media was fooled by Bashar and Asma al-Assad |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/dec/09/how-media-was-fooled-bashar-asma-al-assad |last=Williams |first=Zoe |date=December 9, 2024}}</ref> In 1970, Hafiz al-Assad, the father of [[Bashar al-Assad]], took over with another coup and turned the Ba'athist Syrian state into a [[Dynasty|dynastic]] [[Totalitarianism|totalitarian]] state,<ref name="AssadTotalitarianism1" /><ref name="AssadTotalitarianism2" /> featured by systematic [[oppression]] and widespread [[Persecution|human rights abuses]],<ref name="AssadTotalitarianism1" /><ref name="AssadTotalitarianism2" /> which was passed on to Bashar when Hafiz passed away in 2000.<ref name="AssadTotalitarianism1" /><ref name="AssadTotalitarianism2" /> ===21st century=== Most Syrians believe in Islam, while an ethnoreligious Christian minority, called the Syriac Christians, exists.<ref> * {{cite book |title=The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9780470690208#page=291 |last=Parry |first=Ken |date=July 4, 2007 |isbn=9780470690208 |doi=10.1002/9780470690208 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=PRISM |title=Sectarian Conflict in Syria |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26469777 |last=Jasser |first=M. Zuhdi |volume=4 |issue=Syria Supplement |year=2014 |pages=58–67 |jstor=26469777 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Bridgewater State University |title=The Construction of Ethnoreligious Identity Groups in Syria: Loyalties and Tensions in the Syrian Civil War |url=https://vc.bridgew.edu/honors_proj/66 |last=Rousseau |first=Eliott |date=May 13, 2014 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite web |website= |title=Christians in Syria and the civil war |url=https://real.mtak.hu/83741/1/Panorama2014_Besenyo_Gomori_u.pdf |last1=Besenyő |first1=János |last2=Gömöri |first2=Roland |year=2015 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite book |title=Jews and Syriac Christians: Intersections across the First Millennium Edited by Aaron Michael Butts and Simcha Gross (Juden und syrische Christen. Schnittstellen im ersten Jahrtausend) |chapter=XII |url=https://www.mohrsiebeck.com/en/book/jews-and-syriac-christians-9783161591341 |last1=Butts |first1=Aaron Michael |last2=Gross |first2=Simcha |year=2020 |access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref> ====2010s==== In 2011, anti-[[Tyrant|regime]] [[Arab Spring#Events|protests]] were brutally suppressed by President [[Bashar al-Assad]], sparking off a [[Syrian civil war|civil war]] against Assad. Assad went on to commit countless [[wikt:atrocity|atrocities]] against Syrians, including [[Genocidal massacre|massacres]], [[Famine|starving]] [[Siege|sieges]]<ref> * {{cite web |website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |title=The Failure to Stop Starvation Tactics in Syria |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/middle-east/diwan/2014/03/the-failure-to-stop-starvation-tactics-in-syria?lang=en |date=2014 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[BBC News]] |title=Syria: Assad forces 'using starvation as weapon of war' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-26481422 |date=March 10, 2014 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Chatham House |title=Seventy Years of the Geneva Conventions |url=https://www.chathamhouse.org/2020/03/seventy-years-geneva-conventions/sieges-starvation-civilians-method-warfare-and-other |last=Gillard |first=Emanuela-Chiara |year=2020 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[The Guardian]] |title=Assad regime's starve or surrender strategy 'a crime against humanity' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/13/assad-regimes-starve-or-surrender-strategy-is-a-war-says-amnesty |date=November 13, 2017 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Starvation Accountability |title=Syria |url=https://starvationaccountability.org/publications/syria |access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref> and [[Poison gas|chemical]] attacks,<ref name="BAWC1"> * {{cite web |website=The Washington Institute |title=The UN Process and the War Crimes of Assad |url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/un-process-and-war-crimes-assad |last=al-Labwani |first=Mohamad Kamal |date=February 11, 2021 |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[CBS News]] |title=The evidence of Syrian President Bashar Assad and his regime's legacy of war crimes |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/bashar-al-assad-syria-evidence-war-crimes-60-minutes-2021-07-11 |date=July 11, 2021 |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Hoover Institution |title=The Case Against Assad |url=https://www.hoover.org/research/case-against-assad |date=September 6, 2022 |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[The Guardian]] |title=French court issues arrest warrant for Bashar al-Assad for complicity in war crimes |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/15/french-court-arrest-warrant-bashar-al-assad-crimes-against-humanity-syria |date=November 15, 2023 |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=France ONU |title="Bashar Al-Assad is guilty of war crimes" - France ONU |url=https://onu.delegfrance.org/bashar-al-assad-is-guilty-of-war-crimes |access-date=December 7, 2024}}</ref><ref name="BAWC2"> * {{cite web |website=Atlantic Council |title=How to hold the Assad regime accountable, even as countries normalize relations with Syria |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/how-to-hold-the-assad-regime-accountable-even-as-countries-normalize-relations-with-syria |last=Baker |first=Elise |date=May 25, 2023 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) |title=Syria: The Impunity of the Assad Regime Must Never be Normalized |url=https://www.ushmm.org/genocide-prevention/blog/syria-the-impunity-of-the-assad-regime-must-never-be-normalized |date=July 12, 2023 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[Sky News]] |title=France issues arrest warrant for Syria's President Assad over alleged war crimes |url=https://news.sky.com/story/france-issues-arrest-warrant-for-syrias-president-assad-over-alleged-war-crimes-13009450 |date=November 16, 2023 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Commission for International Justice and Accountability |title=First indictment in Belgium for war crimes under Assad’s regime in Syria |url=https://cijaonline.org/news/2024/1/29/first-indictment-in-belgium-for-war-crimes-under-assads-regime-in-syria |date=January 29, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect |title=Syria |url=https://www.globalr2p.org/countries/syria |date=December 1, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref> which killed over 400,000 Syrians.<ref name="BAWC1" /><ref name="BAWC2" /> Amid the war, the [[Kurdish people|Kurds]] took over a [[wikt:sizeable|sizeable]] part of northern Syria, [[wikt:namely|namely]] the [[The Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria|Rojava]].<ref> * {{cite book |title=Rojava: Revolution, War and the Future of Syria's Kurds |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1qv2bm |last=Schiffmann |first=Michael |year=2018 |publisher=Pluto Press |doi=10.2307/j.ctv1qv2bm |jstor=j.ctv1qv2bm |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite book |title=Violence: A Reappraisal |chapter=Revolutionary Self-Defense as a Rival Ethics of Nonviolence: Rojava and Kurdish Liberation |last=Kemerli |first=Pınar |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003379898-3/revolutionary-self-defense-rival-ethics-nonviolence-rojava-kurdish-liberation-p%C4%B1nar-kemerli |edition=1 |year=2023 |isbn=9781003379898 |publisher=Routledge |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=Plos one |title=Game-theoretic agent-based modelling of micro-level conflict: Evidence from the ISIS-Kurdish war |url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0297483 |last1=Macmillan-Scott |first1=Olivia |last2=Ünver |first2=Akin |last3=Musolesi |first3=Mirco |date=June 5, 2024 |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=Tulane Undergraduate Research Journal |title=Reconstruction in the Midst of Rebellion: A Kurdish Case Study of Gender, Militancy, and Ideology in the MENA Region |url=https://journals.tulane.edu/turj/article/view/3850 |last=Brawley |first=Laura |volume=5 |issue=1 |date=June 5, 2024 |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=Small Wars & Insurgencies |title=Institutions, power-sharing, and the cohesiveness of rebel coalitions in the Syrian civil war |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09592318.2024.2424055 |last1=Corradi |first1=Edoardo |last2= Cama |first2=Giampiero |doi=10.1080/09592318.2024.2424055 |date=November 7, 2024 |access-date=December 7, 2024}}</ref> In 2016, Assad regained most of Syria with help from military forces from Russia and Iran<!--the superior firepower of Russia and Iran-->.<ref> * {{cite magazine |magazine=Times Magazine |title=Idlib Could Be the Last Major Battlefield of the Syrian Civil War. But Assad Won’t Take It Easily |url=https://time.com/5368872/idlib-syrian-civil-war |last=Collard |first=Rebecca |date=August 16, 2018 |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[BBC News]] |title=Idlib: 'I cried so much when we heard the warplanes again' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-45412833 |title=Idlib: 'I cried so much when we heard the warplanes again' |date=September 12, 2018 |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[The Guardian]] |title=Millions of Syrians at risk if Idlib truce fails, White Helmets warn |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/03/idlib-jeremy-hunt-syria-russia-turkey |date=November 3, 2018 |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Russian Sieges of Ukrainian Cities Provoke Bitter Recollections for Syrians (Published 2022) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/11/world/europe/syria-ukraine-war.html |date=March 11, 2022 |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |title=Tormented Territory: The Emergence of a De Facto Canton in Northwestern Syria |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2023/10/tormented-territory-the-emergence-of-a-de-facto-canton-in-northwestern-syria?lang=en&center=middle-east |last=Tokmajyan |first=Armenak |date=October 3, 2023 |access-date=December 7, 2024}}</ref> ====2020s==== A myriad of factors, including the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]<ref> * {{cite web |website=Center for Strategic and International Studies |title=Covid-19: Compounding 10 Years of Health Crises in Syria |url=https://www.csis.org/analysis/covid-19-compounding-10-years-health-crises-syria |last1=Qaddour |first1=Amany |last2=Fallon |first2=Kat |date=February 18, 2021 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=Frontiers in Public Health |title=The Impact of Armed Conflict on the Epidemiological Situation of COVID-19 in Libya, Syria and Yemen |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.667364/full |last=Daw |first=Mohamed A. |volume=9 |date=June 11, 2021 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work= |title=World News in Brief: Hostilities in Syria, Israeli detention practices, ‘summer wave of COVID-19’ in Europe |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/08/1152991 |date=August 8, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref> and pro-Russian Western leftist opposition to [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization|NATO]] intervention,<ref> * {{cite web |website=Centre tricontinental |title=Syria and the Left |url=https://www.cetri.be/Syria-and-the-Left?lang=fr |last=al-Haj Saleh |first=Yassin |date=September 11, 2015 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=openDemocracy |title=Don’t ignore the left! Connections between Europe’s radical left and Russia |url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/odr/don-t-ignore-left-connections-between-europe-s-radical-left-and-ru |last1=Győri |first1=Lóránt |last2=Krekó |first2=Péter |date=June 13, 2016 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Critical Legal Thinking |title=How do you recognise an Assadist? |url=https://criticallegalthinking.com/2016/08/24/how-do-you-recognise-an-assadist |date=August 24, 2016 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite magazine |magazine=Los Angeles Review of Books |title=Dereliction of Duty? The Left and the Syrian Civil War |url=https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/dereliction-duty-left-syrian-civil-war |last=Sandlin |first=Evan |date=October 30, 2016 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite magazine |magazine=EA WorldView |title=Syria Opinion: How the Left Betrayed the Syrian Uprising |url=https://eaworldview.com/2016/11/syria-opinion-how-left-betrayed-syrian-uprising |last=Lucas |first=Scott |date=November 1, 2016 |access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref><ref> * {{cite news |work=[[The Guardian]] |title=We must confront Russian propaganda – even when it comes from those we respect |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/mar/02/russian-propaganda-anti-imperialist-left-vladimir-putin |last=Monbiot |first=George |date=March 2, 2022 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite magazine |magazine=New Lines Magazine |title=Two Prominent Leftist Writers Split on Syria’s War |url=https://newlinesmag.com/newsletter/two-prominent-leftist-writers-split-on-syrias-war |last=Al Yafai |first=Faisal |date=March 18, 2022 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite magazine |magazine=New Politics |title=Internationalism, Anti-Imperialism, And the Origins of Campism |url=https://newpol.org/issue_post/internationalism-anti-imperialism-and-the-origins-of-campism |last=La Botz |first=Dan |year=2022 |volume=XVIII |issue=4 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=The France 24 Observers |title=How 'apolitical' Western Youtubers help push Syrian propaganda |url=https://observers.france24.com/en/middle-east/20230302-this-is-how-apolitical-western-youtubers-help-push-syrian-propaganda-through-state-licensed-guides |last=Naffakh |first=Mahmoud |date=March 2, 2023 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite magazine |magazine=Red Pepper Magazine |title=Left analyses of imperialism must stand against ‘campism’ |url=https://www.redpepper.org.uk/global-politics/war/left-analyses-of-imperialism-must-stand-against-campism |last=Ayoub |first=Elia J |date=August 25, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref> had made the civil war a [[frozen conflict]] for several years until December 2024.<ref name="December 2024 I"> * {{cite news |work=[[Sky News]] |title=Rebel forces 'reach Damascus suburbs' as protesters topple statue on outskirts |url=https://news.sky.com/story/rebel-forces-expand-control-in-syria-as-assad-faces-fight-for-key-city-13268577 |date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=New York Post |title=Faced with a new rebel offensive, can Bashir al-Assad survive in Syria? |url=https://nypost.com/2024/12/07/opinion/faced-with-a-new-rebel-offensive-can-bashir-al-assad-survive-in-syria |date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=The Times of Israel |title=Syria rebels say they encircle Damascus; West said expecting regime’s fall within days |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/syria-rebels-say-they-encircle-damascus-west-said-expecting-regimes-fall-within-days |date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Syria Civil War: What to Know About the Conflict and the Rebel Groups |url=https://www.nytimes.com/article/syria-civil-war-rebels.html |date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[The Guardian]] |title=Syrian rebels claim control of key city of Homs, opening path to Damascus |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2024/dec/07/syria-rebels-reach-damascus-bashar-al-assad |date=December 7, 2024}}</ref> In December 2024, regrouped rebel forces launched large-scale multi-pronged offensives<ref name="December 2024 I" /> amid weakened local Russian and Iranian military presence,<ref name="December 2024 II"> * {{cite news |work=The Kyiv Independent |title=Fall of Aleppo deals blow to Russia's Middle East clout, may indirectly strengthen Ukraine's hand |url=https://kyivindependent.com/fall-of-aleppo-deals-blow-to-russias-middle-east-clout-may-indirectly-strengthen-ukraines-hand |date=December 3, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Council on Foreign Relations |title=What Syria’s Revived Civil War Means for the Region |url=https://www.cfr.org/expert-brief/what-syrias-revived-civil-war-means-region |last=Cook |first=Steven A. |date=December 5, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Chatham House |title=What next for Syria, Assad and HTS? |url=https://www.chathamhouse.org/2024/12/what-next-syria-assad-and-hts |author=Professor Christopher Phillips |date=December 6, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Institute for the Study of War (ISW) |title=Iran Update, December 6, 2024 |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-december-6-2024 |date=December 6, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite magazine |magazine=[[Newsweek]] |title=As Assad Prepares Last Stand, His Ally Iraq Rules Out Military Intervention |url=https://www.newsweek.com/assad-prepares-last-stand-his-ally-iraq-rules-out-military-intervention-1997205 |date=December 7, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref> reportedly due to the countries' respective involvement in the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|invasion of Ukraine]] and [[Israel–Hamas war|conflict with Israel]].<ref name="December 2024 I" /><ref name="December 2024 II" /> Aleppo, Homs and Daraa,<ref> * {{cite news |work=Ukrainska Pravda |title=Syrian rebels claim control of Daraa, demolish Assad monument – video |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2024/12/7/7488135 |date=December 7, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=DW News |title=Syria updates: Rebel forces begin to enter city of Homs |url=https://www.dw.com/en/syria-updates-rebel-forces-begin-to-enter-city-of-homs/live-70989891 |date=December 7, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[Reuters]] |title=Syrian protesters topple Hafez al-Assad statue, residents and activists say |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syrian-protesters-topple-statue-syrian-presidents-father-south-damascus-city-2024-12-07 |date=December 7, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=Syria Direct |title=What was behind Daraa’s rapid fall, and did HTS participate? |url=https://syriadirect.org/what-was-behind-daraas-rapid-fall-and-did-hts-participate |date=December 7, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=News.Az |title=Syrian rebels claim to have taken control of key Daraa city |url=https://news.az/news/syrian-rebels-claim-to-have-taken-control-of-key-daraa-city |date=December 7, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref> three of the largest Syrian cities, fell to the rebels within a week,<ref name="December 2024 I" /> who also [[wikt:encircle|encircled]] Syria's capital [[Damascus]].<ref name="December 2024 I" /><ref> * {{cite news |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |title=Syria war: Assad regime on brink as rebels begin to encircle Damascus |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/12/07/syria-rebels-encircle-damascus-assad-regime-latest-news |date=December 7, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[Financial Times]] (FT) |title=Syrian rebels push towards Damascus as Assad’s grip on power wanes |url=https://www.ft.com/content/708bb5bc-db7a-42a5-8317-caac240fca00 |date=December 7, 2024 |date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[The Guardian]] |title=‘He has come out an old man’: joy and grief as loved ones released from Assad prisons |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/dec/07/syria-grief-mingles-with-joy-as-loved-ones-released-from-assad-prisons |date=December 7, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[National Public Radio|NPR]] |title=Syrian rebels make further inroads in major cities |url=https://www.npr.org/2024/12/07/nx-s1-5220391/syrian-rebels-make-further-inroads-in-major-cities |date=December 7, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=ITVX |title=What is happening in Syria and who is involved? |url=https://www.itv.com/news/2024-12-07/what-is-happening-in-syria-and-who-is-involved |date=December 7, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref> ===Fall of Ba'athist rule=== On December 8, 2024, Bashar al-Assad fled the capital as the rebels stormed in.<ref> * {{cite news |work=The Jerusalem Post |title=Syrian rebels say they have begun entering the capital Damascus |url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-832422 |date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[ABC News]] |title=Syrian opposition war monitor says President Bashar Assad has left the country to an undisclosed location |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/syrian-opposition-war-monitor-president-bashar-assad-left-116565874 |date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[Reuters]] |title=Assad has left Damascus, senior army officers say; Syria rebels say they are in capital |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syria-rebels-celebrate-captured-homs-set-sights-damascus-2024-12-07 |date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[Associated Press]] (AP) |title=War monitor says Assad fled Syria ahead of rebels entering the capital |url=https://apnews.com/article/syria-assad-sweida-daraa-homs-hts-qatar-7f65823bbf0a7bd331109e8dff419430 |date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[Fox News]] |title=Syrian dictator Bashar Assad flees into exile as Islamist rebels conquer country |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/syrian-dictator-bashar-assad-flees-exile-islamist-rebels-conquer-country |date=December 8, 2024}}</ref> Assad's [[Protectorate|protecting power]] Russia claimed that Assad had left Syria<ref name="Finale1"> * {{cite news |work=[[Reuters]] |title=Syrian rebels topple President Assad, Russia says he left the country |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syria-rebels-celebrate-captured-homs-set-sights-damascus-2024-12-07 |date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=Ynetnews |title=This is the Assad family, whose 54 year-regime has just ended |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/bkvfw6me1g |date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=The Kyiv Independent |title=BREAKING: Syrian rebels announce fall of Russia-backed Assad regime |url=https://kyivindependent.com/breaking-syrian-rebels-announce-fall-of-assad-regime |date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=Euronews |title=After 14 years of conflict, Assad's fall brings an end to Syria's dynastic rule |url=https://www.euronews.com/2024/12/08/after-14-years-of-conflict-assads-fall-brings-an-end-to-syrias-dynastic-rule |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[The Guardian]] |title=Bashar al-Assad reported to have fled Syria as rebels say they have captured Damascus |url=https://theguardian.com/world/2024/dec/08/bashar-al-assad-reported-to-have-fled-syria-as-rebels-say-they-have-captured-damascus |date=December 8, 2024}}</ref> for Moscow.<ref> * {{cite news |work=[[Sky News]] |title=Ousted Syrian president Assad 'granted asylum' in Moscow - as world leaders hail end of 'barbaric' regime |url=https://news.sky.com/story/syrias-president-bashar-al-assad-is-in-moscow-and-has-been-granted-asylum-confirms-russian-state-media-13269955 |date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite magazine |magazine=Axios |title=Syria's Bashar al-Assad fled to Moscow, Kremlin says |url=https://www.axios.com/2024/12/08/assad-syria-russia-moscow |date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite magazine |magazine=[[Politico]] |title=Russia grants asylum to exiled Assad, state media reports |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/russia-asylum-bashar-assad-kremlin-syria-bloody-civil-war-middle-east-moscow |date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[CNN]] |title=Assad flees to Moscow as Syrian rebels capture Damascus |url=https://edition.cnn.com/world/live-news/syria-civil-war-12-08-2024/index.html |date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[BBC News]] |title=Steve Rosenberg: Fall of Assad is a blow to Russia's prestige |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/clygege97qwo |date=December 8, 2024}}</ref> Rebels inside the capital announced the end of the six-decade Ba'athist rule in Syria.<ref name="Finale1" /><ref name="Finale2"> * {{cite news |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |title=Assad regime falls and Syrian rebels capture Damascus |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/12/08/syria-rebels-bashar-assad-damascus-homs |date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=Jewish News Syndicate (JNS) |title=‘Historic day,’ says Netanyahu at Syrian border |url=https://www.jns.org/historic-day-says-netanyahu-at-syrian-border |date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=The Times of Israel |title=Netanyahu claims credit for starting ‘historic’ process that led to Syrian regime’s fall |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/netanyahu-claims-credit-for-starting-historic-process-that-led-to-syrian-regimes-fall |date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=The Jewish Chronicle |title=Israel deploys troops to Syrian border as Assad regime falls |url=https://www.thejc.com/news/world/israel-deploys-troops-to-syrian-border-as-assad-regime-falls-sdug5ks3 |date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[The Guardian]] |title=Syria live: ‘The future is ours’ says Syrian rebel leader; Israel carries out airstrikes in Damascus, says report – latest updates |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2024/dec/08/syria-bashar-al-assad-damascus-rebels-latest-updates-live |date=December 8, 2024}}</ref> ==Geography== Syria is between latitudes 32° and 38° N, and longitudes 35° and 43° E. It is mostly arid [[plateau]]. The area bordering the Mediterranean is fairly green. The [[Euphrates]], Syria's most important river, crosses the country in the east. The climate in Syria is dry and hot. Winters are mild.{{cn|date=December 2024}} ==Politics and government== The [[Syrian transitional government]] has been in control, since March 2025.<ref> * {{cite news |work=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]] |title=Syria Rebel Group Political Chief to Form Temporary Government |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-12-09/syria-rebel-group-political-chief-to-form-temporary-government |date=December 9, 2024 |access-date=December 10, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[Reuters]] |title=With Syria's Assad gone, his PM agrees to hand power to rebel administration |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/with-assad-ousted-new-era-starts-syria-world-watches-2024-12-09 |date=December 10, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=DW News |title=Syria updates: Israeli military strikes Syrian army bases |url=https://www.dw.com/en/syria-updates-israeli-military-strikes-syrian-army-bases/live-71008065 |date=December 10, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[CBC]] |title=Rebel-backed figure takes charge as Syria's interim prime minister |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/syria-israeli-troops-1.7406091 |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/syria-israeli-troops-1.7406091 |date=December 10, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=Le Monde |title=Syrian rebels name Mohammed al-Bashir head of transitional government |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/syria/article/2024/12/10/syria-rebels-name-mohammed-al-bashir-head-of-transitional-government_6735906_229.html |date=December 10, 2024}}</ref> In March 2025, the 2012 constitution was set aside, and a new [[interim]] constitution came in its place. Syria is a republic. A<!--Outdated: The old--> Constitution of Syria was started on 13 March 1971,<ref name="const">{{cite web |url=http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/sy00000_.html |title=Constitution of Syria |accessdate=2008-10-22}}</ref>{{better source|date=December 2024}} making Syria a ''[[wikt:de jure|de jure]]'' secular socialist state. [[Islam]] was the majority religion. A new constitution came into<!--outdated: has been in--> place in 2012.{{cn|date=December 2024}} ===Branches of government=== The [[executive branch]] is the [[President of Syria|president]], two [[Vice president|vice presidents]], the [[prime minister]], and the [[Council of Ministers]]. The constitution says the president must be a Muslim.<ref name="const" /> It does not make Islam the state religion. According to the 2012 constitution, the [[president]] is elected by the Syrian people in a direct election. The People's Council is the [[legislative branch]].{{better source|date=December 2024}} ====State control==== Nearly all of Syria’s radio and television outlets are [[State-owned enterprise|state owned]]. The [[Ba'ath Party]] controls nearly all newspapers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/uploads/pfs/371.pdf |title=Freedom House report on Syria (2010) |publisher=Freedom House |access-date=2012-05-20 |archive-date=2010-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227094624/http://www.freedomhouse.org/uploads/pfs/371.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{better source|date=December 2024}} ====Human rights==== Syria's human rights are among the worst in the world, according to human rights organizations such as [[Human Rights Watch]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/24/us-syria-rights-idUSTRE70N5S620110124 |title=Syria among worst for rights abuses: HRW report |date=2011-01-24 |publisher=Reuters |access-date=2017-08-31 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150754/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/24/us-syria-rights-idUSTRE70N5S620110124 |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{better source|date=December 2024}} The authorities kidnap democracy and human rights activists, [[Censorship|censor]] websites and impose travel bans on their targets.{{cn|date=December 2024}} ===Military=== {{Main|Syrian Armed Forces}} The [[President of Syria]] is commander in chief of the Syrian armed forces. There are about 400,000 troops. Ethnic Kurds have their own army called YPG. The Males must go in the military when they are age 18.<ref name="globalsecurity">[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/syria/overview.htm Syria – Overview]. Retrieved 2010-02-01.</ref> The armed forces stood down with the fall of the Ba'athist rule on December 8, 2024.<ref name="Finale1" /><ref name="Finale2" /> ===Governorates=== Syria has fourteen Governorates, or ''muhafazat''. The governorates are divided into sixty districts. The governorates are: * [[Al-Hasakah Governorate|Al Hasakah]] * [[Latakia Governorate|Al Ladhiqiyah]] * [[Quneitra Governorate|Al Qunaytirah]] * [[Raqqa Governorate|Ar Raqqah]] * [[As-Suwayda Governorate|As Suwayda]] * [[Daraa Governorate|Dara]] * [[Deir ez-Zor Governorate|Dayr az Zawr]] * [[Damascus Governorate|Dimashq]] * [[Aleppo Governorate|Halab]] * [[Hama Governorate|Hama]] * [[Homs Governorate|Homs]] * [[Idlib Governorate|Idlib]] * [[Rif Dimashq Governorate|Rif Dimashq]] * [[Tartus Governorate|Tartus]] ==Economy== Syria is a middle-income country. The economy is based on agriculture, oil, industry and tourism.{{cn|date=December 2024}} ===Transport=== Syria has three international airports (Damascus, Aleppo and Lattakia). They are hubs for Syrian Air. Foreign airlines also fly to them.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Syria#Get_in |title=Syria – travel guides at Wikivoyage |publisher=Wikivoyage.org |accessdate=2013-03-26}}</ref>{{better source|date=December 2024}} Most Syrian cargo is carried by Chemins de Fer Syriens, the Syrian railway company.{{cn|date=December 2024}} ==Demographics== {| class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left: 10px" ! colspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#cfb;"| Population in Syria<ref name=IEApop2011>[http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012151137/http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS |date=2009-10-12 }} Population 1971–2008 IEA [http://iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106205757/http://iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf |date=2012-01-06 }} pages 83–85</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=UNData app |url=http://data.un.org/en/iso/sy.html |website=data.un.org |accessdate=29 March 2022}}</ref> |- ! style="background:#cfb;"| Year ! style="background:#cfb;"| Million |- | style="text-align:left;"| 1971 || style="text-align:right;"| 6.6 |- | style="text-align:left;"| 1990 || style="text-align:right;"| 12.7 |- | style="text-align:left;"| 2009 || style="text-align:right;"| 21.9 |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"| <small>Source: OECD/World Bank/UNO</small> |} Most people live in the [[Euphrates]] valley and along the coastal plain, a fertile strip between the coastal mountains and the desert. Education is free from ages 6 to 12. All children this age must attend school.{{cn|date=December 2024}} == Foreign relations == {{main|History of Syria}} Syria has [[diplomat]]ic relations with Iraq, Lebanon, Egypt, Yemen, and Sudan. US-Syria foreign relations; The presidents of the two countries had a meeting (2025); Twenty-five years earlier, there was a meeting at that [[level]].<ref>https://www.nrk.no/norge/lekkasjer-kaster-lys-over-jihadist-fortiden-til-syrias-nye-leder-1.17412644. Retrieved 2025-05-16</ref> In 2025, the U.S. started (taking away or) lifting sanctions against Syria.<ref>https://www.nbcnews.com/world/syria/syria-sanctions-trump-administration-lifting-begin-rcna208875. Retrieved 2025-05-24</ref><ref>https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/usa-opphever-sanksjoner-mot-syria/s/5-95-2449660. Retrieved 2025-05-24</ref> ==Sports== The most popular sports in Syria are [[Association football|football]], [[basketball]], [[Swimming (sport)|swimming]], and [[tennis]]. [[Damascus]] was home to the fifth and seventh Pan Arab Games. Many popular football teams are based in Damascus, Aleppo, Homs, and Latakia.{{cn|date=December 2024}} ==Related pages== *[[Asia]] *[[Druze]] *[[Yazidi]] *[[Assyria]] *[[Kurdistan]] *[[Near East]] *[[Iranic peoples]] *[[History of Asia]] *[[Kurdish people]] *[[Assyrian people]] *[[List of rivers of Syria]] *[[Indo-Iranian peoples]] *[[Syria at the Olympics]] *[[Syria national football team]] ==References== {{Wikivoyage}} {{reflist}} {{asia}} {{Middle East}} {{europe}} [[Category:Syria]] [[Category:Members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] ik1j7yqnoq9h96tsfsaf7lwijc46m6q 10369094 10369089 2025-07-03T07:27:35Z 2605:4A80:7804:8EE0:A077:CF05:41E2:FD96 /* References */ 10369094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{about|the modern state of Syria}} {{tone}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}} {{Coord|35|N|38|E|display=title}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Syria | common_name = | native_name = {{native name|ar|ٱلسُّورِيَّةُ|italics=off}} <br />{{small|{{transl|ar|Sūrīyah}}|italics=yes}} | image_flag = File:Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg | image_flag2 = | flag_caption = Flag<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pministry.gov.sy/contents/30775/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9--%D9%85%D9%87%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7-%D8%B6%D8%A8%D8%B7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B8-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2024-12-13 |archive-date=2024-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241212160432/https://www.pministry.gov.sy/contents/30775/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9--%D9%85%D9%87%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7-%D8%B6%D8%A8%D8%B7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B8-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://img.i-scmp.com/cdn-cgi/image/fit=contain,width=1024,format=auto/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/12/11/951bec6e-d1e6-4c8c-a69b-940a212eec9e_595de0ff.jpg</ref><ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2024/12/06/world/video/abu-mohammad-al-jolani-syria-rebel-leader-karadsheh-digvid</ref><ref>https://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/middleeastnews/823325/mohammed-al-bashir-appointed-caretaker-syrian-pm-for-transitional-gove/en</ref> | image_coat = Coat of arms of Syria (2024–present).svg | national_anthem = | national_motto = | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:Syria (orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]<br /> {{map caption |location_color=green}}|Show globe|[[File:Syria - Location Map (2013) - SYR - UNOCHA.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show map of Syria|default=1}} | capital = [[Damascus]] | coordinates = {{Coord|33|30|N|36|18|E|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Damascus]] | official_languages = | languages_type = Major languages | recognised_languages = * [[Kurdish]] * Syriac * [[French]] * [[English]] * [[Turkish]] * [[Aramaic]] * [[Armenian]] * Circassian * [[Azerbaijani]] | languages = [[Arabic]]<br>[[Kurdish]] | languages2_type = Minor languages | languages2 = Syriac<br>[[Aramaic]]<br>[[Armenian]]<br>Circassian<br>[[Turkish]]<br>[[French]]<br>[[English]] | ethnic_groups = 90% [[Arabs|Arab]]<br />9% [[Kurds|Kurd]]<br>1% Other | religion = 87% [[Islam]]<br />2% [[Christianity]]<ref name=CIA>{{cite web | url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/syria/ | title=Syria | work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency | access-date=7 April 2021}}</ref><br />3% [[Druze]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gulf2000.columbia.edu/images/maps/Syria_Ethnic_Shift_2010-2018_lg.png|year=2018|title=Syria: Ethnic Shift, 2010–mid 2018|website=gulf2000.columbia.edu|publisher=Columbia University Gulf2000|access-date=2 June 2019}}</ref> | government_type = <!-- NOTICE: Please don't change it to a single-party state, because in 2012 a new Constitution was approved, allowing more parties to participate in elections and other events. --> | leader_title1 = [[President of Syria|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Ahmed al-Sharaa]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Syria|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Mohammed al-Bashir]] | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | legislature = Vacant | established_event1 = Arab Kingdom of Syria | established_date1 = 8 March 1920 | established_event2 = State of Syria under French mandate | established_date2 = 1 December 1924 | established_event3 = Syrian Republic | established_date3 = 14 May 1930 | established_event4 = ''De jure'' Independence | established_date4 = 24 October 1945 | established_event5 = ''De facto'' Independence | established_date5 = 17 April 1946 | established_event6 = Left the [[United Arab Republic]] | established_date6 = {{nowrap|28 September 1961}} | established_event7 = {{nowrap|Ba'ath party seized power}} | established_date7 = 8 March 1963 | established_event8 = Fall of [[Ba'ath Party|Ba'athist]] [[Totalitarianism|rule]] | established_date8 = 8 December 2024 | area_km2 = 185180<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mofa.gov.sy/cweb/MOEX_NEW/syria/Overview.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511155611/http://mofa.gov.sy/cweb/MOEX_NEW/syria/Overview.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-05-11|title= Syrian ministry of foreign affairs}}</ref> | area_rank = 87th <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]--> | area_sq_mi = 71479 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> | percent_water = 1.1 | population_estimate = 17,500,657 | population_census = 21,018,834 | population_estimate_year = 2020 | population_estimate_rank = 66th | population_census_year = 2010 | population_density_km2 = 118.3 | population_density_sq_mi = 306.5 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 70th | GDP_PPP = {{nowrap|$50.28 billion<ref name=CIA /><!--end nowrap:-->}} | GDP_PPP_year = 2015 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2,900<ref name="CIA" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = {{nowrap|$24.6 billion<ref name="CIA" />}} | GDP_nominal_year = 2014 | GDP_nominal_rank = 167 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $831<ref name="CIA" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = 55.8 <!-- number only --> | Gini_year = 2014 | Gini_change = <! --increase/decrease/steady --> | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=World Bank GINI index |publisher= World Bank |access-date=22 January 2013}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.567 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year --> | HDI_change = increase <!-- increase/decrease/steady --> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 151st | currency = Syrian pound | currency_code = SYP | time_zone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]] | utc_offset = +2 | utc_offset_DST = +3 | time_zone_DST = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]] | drives_on = right | calling_code = +963 | iso3166code = SY | cctld = [[.sy]]<br />سوريا. | demonym = Syrian | today = | ethnic_groups_year = 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sy.html |title=Syria |work=CIA World factbook |publisher=CIA |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140624032324/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sy.html |archive-date=24 June 2014}}</ref> }} '''Syria''' is a [[country]] in the [[Middle East]], the west part of [[Asia]] and the north part of [[Europe]]. It borders [[Turkey]], [[Lebanon]], [[Jordan]], [[Iraq]] and [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]]. Its western part faces the [[Mediterranean Sea]] and shares a maritime border with [[Cyprus]], while its eastern and northern parts are [[Mountain|mountainous]]. Syria's national [[Capital (city)|capital]] is [[Damascus]]. The biggest city is [[Aleppo]]. It has been [[wikt:embroil|embroiled]] in [[Syrian civil war|civil war]] since March 2011. The religious makeup of Syria is 74% [[Sunni]], 11% [[Alawite]], 10% [[Christianity|Christian]], 3% [[Druze]], 1% [[Ismaili|Ismaili Shia]] 0.4% [[Twelvers|Twelver Shia]] and 0.1% [[Yazidis|Yazidi]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Religion in Syria - 1943 Syrian Census|url=https://www.liquisearch.com/religion_in_syria/1943_syrian_census|access-date=January 8, 2024}}</ref> ==History== {{main|History of Syria}} ===Before 20th century=== Syria has a very long [[History of Asia|history]]. It was a land of [[Phoenicia|Phoenicians]], which then became part of the [[Achaemenid Empire]], [[Roman Empire]], and then the [[Eastern Roman Empire]]. In those days people in Syria spoke the [[Syriac language]] and used the [[Syriac alphabet]], while the Syrian city [[Antioch]] was one of the important cities in [[Christendom]]. ====Islamization==== The [[Rashidun Caliphate]] took over Syria from the Eastern Roman Empire in the 6th century. Most of the indigenous population converted to [[Islam]] and adopted the [[Arabic language]]. The region then became an important province of the subsequent Muslim empires under the name of ''Bilād ash-Shām''.<ref> * {{cite book |title=The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661-750 |chapter=The First Dynasty of Islam |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780203137000/first-dynasty-islam-hawting |last=Hawting |first=G. R. |edition=2 |year=2001 |publisher=Routledge |edition=2 |isbn=9780203137000 |location=London |doi=10.4324/9780203137000 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |title=Contours of Conversion: The Geography of Islamization in Syria, 600–1500 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7817/jameroriesoci.135.4.791 |last=Carlson |first=Thomas A. |volume=135 |issue=4 (October–December 2015) |pages=791–816 |publisher=American Oriental Society |doi=10.7817/jameroriesoci.135.4.791 |jstor=10.7817/jameroriesoci.135.4.791 |year=2015 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite book |title=The Religious Roots of the Syrian Conflict |chapter=The Islamization of the Fertile Crescent |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9781137525710_7 |last=Tomass |first=Mark |pages=97–106 |year=2016 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite book |title=The Syriac World |chapter=Early Syriac Reactions to the Rise of Islam |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315708195-12/early-syriac-reactions-rise-islam-michael-penn |last=Penn |first=Michael |year=2018 |edition=1 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781315708195 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=Der Islam |title=“Superiority is due to us, and the king should come from among us”: The Arab Conquests and Conflicts of the Early Umayyad Era in a 7th-Century Syriac Universal History of Yoḥannān bar Penkāyē |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/islam-2024-0020/html |last1=Furman |first1=Yulia |last2=Cherkashin |first2=Dmitry |volume=101 |issue=2 |publisher=De Gruyter |date=October 10, 2024 |doi=10.1515/islam-2024-0020 |access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref> ===20th century=== When [[World War I]] started, the [[Ottoman Empire]] ruled Syria and many other places. When it ended, [[France]] controlled [[Lebanon]] and Syria. [[British Empire|Britain]] had [[Iraq]], [[Jordan]] and [[Palestine]]. They drew a border between Iraq and Syria in 1920. France controlled Syria until 1946 when Syria became its own country.<ref name="WDL">{{cite web |url = http://www.wdl.org/en/item/400/ |title = Report of the Commission Entrusted by the Council with the Study of the Frontier between Syria and Iraq |website = [[World Digital Library]] |date = 1932 |accessdate = 2013-07-11 }}</ref>{{better source|date=December 2024}} ====Cold War==== [[File:Report of the Commission Entrusted by the Council with the Study of the Frontier between Syria and Iraq Listen to this page.png|thumbnail|The line in the middle of this map is the [[border]] drawn in 1920 separating Iraq and Syria.]]Syria was part of the [[United Arab Republic]] with [[Egypt]] between 1958 and 1961. Syria fought some wars with Israel. Its former territory [[Golan Heights]] has been governed by Israel since [[Six-Day War|1967]].<ref> * {{cite web |website=The Washington Institute |title=Jordan Navigates Border Trade, Pressures from Syria |url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/jordan-navigates-border-trade-pressures-syria |last=Al-Makahleh |first=Shehab |date=July 24, 2018 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=The Jerusalem Post |title=The Six Day War: Six fateful days for Israel in 1967 - opinion |url=https://www.jpost.com/opinion/article-745705 |last=Regev |first=Mark |date=June 9, 2023 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |title=The Soviet Roots of Putin’s Foreign Policy Toward the Middle East |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2024/09/the-soviet-roots-of-putins-foreign-policy-toward-the-middle-east?lang=en |last=Katz |first=Mark N. |date=September 12, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024 |quote=Despite the dichotomy between ideological, Soviet-era support for anti-Western regimes and interest-driven Putin-era support, there are several similarities.}}</ref> Meanwhile, the [[Ba'athism|Ba'athist party]] seized power with a [[Coup d'état|coup]] in 1963 to establish a [[junta]].<ref name="AssadTotalitarianism1"> * {{cite web |website=ProQuest |title=Syria for the Syrians: The rise of Syrian nationalism, 1970-2013 |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/ab89d5a313d38aceba5506ad58eb288f/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750 |last=Gilbert |first=Victoria J. |year=2013 |location=Northeastern University, [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]] |access-date=December 9, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Utrecht University |title=Ba'athism: the hidden hand behind ISIS? An examination of the Ba'ath ideology, Saddam-regime and ISIS |url=https://studenttheses.uu.nl/handle/20.500.12932/32802 |last=Giesbers |first=A.M.K. |year=2018 |access-date=December 9, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=Politics, Religion & Ideology |title=Unforced Errors: ISIS, The Baath Party, And The Reconciliation Of The Religious and The Secular |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21567689.2019.1617136 |last=McBride |first=Megan K. |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=170–191 |date=May 28, 2019 |doi=10.1080/21567689.2019.1617136 |access-date=December 9, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=ProQuest |title=The Parallel Security Apparatus: Examining the Cases of Baathist Iraq, Syria, and Iran |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/8a3d3d81e6b951e0e8fc14f8a7c9660c/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y |last=Utchel |first=Donald M. |year=2019 |location=[[University of Nevada, Las Vegas]] |access-date=December 9, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Education & Research Archive |title=The Spirit of an Uprising: Contentious Politics and Pluralism in Syrian Society Post Arab Spring |url=https://era.library.ualberta.ca/items/33f404c6-b96b-4659-a871-49dddb7e0169 |last=Zaamout |first=Noureddin Mahmoud |year=2023 |doi=10.7939/r3-4g03-jt64 |access-date=December 9, 2024}}</ref><ref name="AssadTotalitarianism2"> * {{cite journal |journal=Open Journal of Political Science |title=The Baatho-Assadist System, a System of Political Instrumentalisation |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338627999_The_Baatho-Assadist_System_a_System_of_Political_Instrumentalisation |last=Mobaied |first=Samira |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=124–133 |year=2020 |location=[[Paris]], [[France]] |doi=10.4236/ojps.2020.101009 |access-date=December 9, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=[[Britannica]] |title=Bashar al-Assad - Syrian Conflict, Dictatorship, Human Rights |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bashar-al-Assad/Unrest-and-civil-war |date=December 9, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=Sarajevo Times |title=‘Totalitarian Regimes rarely fall peacefully, it is a Matter of long Preparations’ |url=https://sarajevotimes.com/totalitarian-regimes-rarely-fall-peacefully-it-is-a-matter-of-long-preparations |date=December 9, 2024}} * {{cite magazine |magazine=Barron's |title=Syria's Bashar Al-Assad's Quarter Century In Power |url=https://www.barrons.com/news/syria-s-bashar-al-assad-s-quarter-century-in-power-0ce1de16 |author=AFP - Agence France Presse |date=December 6, 2024 |access-date=December 9, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[The Guardian]] |title=They ‘didn’t look the type’: how the media was fooled by Bashar and Asma al-Assad |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/dec/09/how-media-was-fooled-bashar-asma-al-assad |last=Williams |first=Zoe |date=December 9, 2024}}</ref> In 1970, Hafiz al-Assad, the father of [[Bashar al-Assad]], took over with another coup and turned the Ba'athist Syrian state into a [[Dynasty|dynastic]] [[Totalitarianism|totalitarian]] state,<ref name="AssadTotalitarianism1" /><ref name="AssadTotalitarianism2" /> featured by systematic [[oppression]] and widespread [[Persecution|human rights abuses]],<ref name="AssadTotalitarianism1" /><ref name="AssadTotalitarianism2" /> which was passed on to Bashar when Hafiz passed away in 2000.<ref name="AssadTotalitarianism1" /><ref name="AssadTotalitarianism2" /> ===21st century=== Most Syrians believe in Islam, while an ethnoreligious Christian minority, called the Syriac Christians, exists.<ref> * {{cite book |title=The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9780470690208#page=291 |last=Parry |first=Ken |date=July 4, 2007 |isbn=9780470690208 |doi=10.1002/9780470690208 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=PRISM |title=Sectarian Conflict in Syria |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26469777 |last=Jasser |first=M. Zuhdi |volume=4 |issue=Syria Supplement |year=2014 |pages=58–67 |jstor=26469777 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Bridgewater State University |title=The Construction of Ethnoreligious Identity Groups in Syria: Loyalties and Tensions in the Syrian Civil War |url=https://vc.bridgew.edu/honors_proj/66 |last=Rousseau |first=Eliott |date=May 13, 2014 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite web |website= |title=Christians in Syria and the civil war |url=https://real.mtak.hu/83741/1/Panorama2014_Besenyo_Gomori_u.pdf |last1=Besenyő |first1=János |last2=Gömöri |first2=Roland |year=2015 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite book |title=Jews and Syriac Christians: Intersections across the First Millennium Edited by Aaron Michael Butts and Simcha Gross (Juden und syrische Christen. Schnittstellen im ersten Jahrtausend) |chapter=XII |url=https://www.mohrsiebeck.com/en/book/jews-and-syriac-christians-9783161591341 |last1=Butts |first1=Aaron Michael |last2=Gross |first2=Simcha |year=2020 |access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref> ====2010s==== In 2011, anti-[[Tyrant|regime]] [[Arab Spring#Events|protests]] were brutally suppressed by President [[Bashar al-Assad]], sparking off a [[Syrian civil war|civil war]] against Assad. Assad went on to commit countless [[wikt:atrocity|atrocities]] against Syrians, including [[Genocidal massacre|massacres]], [[Famine|starving]] [[Siege|sieges]]<ref> * {{cite web |website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |title=The Failure to Stop Starvation Tactics in Syria |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/middle-east/diwan/2014/03/the-failure-to-stop-starvation-tactics-in-syria?lang=en |date=2014 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[BBC News]] |title=Syria: Assad forces 'using starvation as weapon of war' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-26481422 |date=March 10, 2014 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Chatham House |title=Seventy Years of the Geneva Conventions |url=https://www.chathamhouse.org/2020/03/seventy-years-geneva-conventions/sieges-starvation-civilians-method-warfare-and-other |last=Gillard |first=Emanuela-Chiara |year=2020 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[The Guardian]] |title=Assad regime's starve or surrender strategy 'a crime against humanity' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/13/assad-regimes-starve-or-surrender-strategy-is-a-war-says-amnesty |date=November 13, 2017 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Starvation Accountability |title=Syria |url=https://starvationaccountability.org/publications/syria |access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref> and [[Poison gas|chemical]] attacks,<ref name="BAWC1"> * {{cite web |website=The Washington Institute |title=The UN Process and the War Crimes of Assad |url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/un-process-and-war-crimes-assad |last=al-Labwani |first=Mohamad Kamal |date=February 11, 2021 |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[CBS News]] |title=The evidence of Syrian President Bashar Assad and his regime's legacy of war crimes |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/bashar-al-assad-syria-evidence-war-crimes-60-minutes-2021-07-11 |date=July 11, 2021 |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Hoover Institution |title=The Case Against Assad |url=https://www.hoover.org/research/case-against-assad |date=September 6, 2022 |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[The Guardian]] |title=French court issues arrest warrant for Bashar al-Assad for complicity in war crimes |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/15/french-court-arrest-warrant-bashar-al-assad-crimes-against-humanity-syria |date=November 15, 2023 |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=France ONU |title="Bashar Al-Assad is guilty of war crimes" - France ONU |url=https://onu.delegfrance.org/bashar-al-assad-is-guilty-of-war-crimes |access-date=December 7, 2024}}</ref><ref name="BAWC2"> * {{cite web |website=Atlantic Council |title=How to hold the Assad regime accountable, even as countries normalize relations with Syria |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/how-to-hold-the-assad-regime-accountable-even-as-countries-normalize-relations-with-syria |last=Baker |first=Elise |date=May 25, 2023 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) |title=Syria: The Impunity of the Assad Regime Must Never be Normalized |url=https://www.ushmm.org/genocide-prevention/blog/syria-the-impunity-of-the-assad-regime-must-never-be-normalized |date=July 12, 2023 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[Sky News]] |title=France issues arrest warrant for Syria's President Assad over alleged war crimes |url=https://news.sky.com/story/france-issues-arrest-warrant-for-syrias-president-assad-over-alleged-war-crimes-13009450 |date=November 16, 2023 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Commission for International Justice and Accountability |title=First indictment in Belgium for war crimes under Assad’s regime in Syria |url=https://cijaonline.org/news/2024/1/29/first-indictment-in-belgium-for-war-crimes-under-assads-regime-in-syria |date=January 29, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect |title=Syria |url=https://www.globalr2p.org/countries/syria |date=December 1, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref> which killed over 400,000 Syrians.<ref name="BAWC1" /><ref name="BAWC2" /> Amid the war, the [[Kurdish people|Kurds]] took over a [[wikt:sizeable|sizeable]] part of northern Syria, [[wikt:namely|namely]] the [[The Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria|Rojava]].<ref> * {{cite book |title=Rojava: Revolution, War and the Future of Syria's Kurds |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1qv2bm |last=Schiffmann |first=Michael |year=2018 |publisher=Pluto Press |doi=10.2307/j.ctv1qv2bm |jstor=j.ctv1qv2bm |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite book |title=Violence: A Reappraisal |chapter=Revolutionary Self-Defense as a Rival Ethics of Nonviolence: Rojava and Kurdish Liberation |last=Kemerli |first=Pınar |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003379898-3/revolutionary-self-defense-rival-ethics-nonviolence-rojava-kurdish-liberation-p%C4%B1nar-kemerli |edition=1 |year=2023 |isbn=9781003379898 |publisher=Routledge |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=Plos one |title=Game-theoretic agent-based modelling of micro-level conflict: Evidence from the ISIS-Kurdish war |url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0297483 |last1=Macmillan-Scott |first1=Olivia |last2=Ünver |first2=Akin |last3=Musolesi |first3=Mirco |date=June 5, 2024 |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=Tulane Undergraduate Research Journal |title=Reconstruction in the Midst of Rebellion: A Kurdish Case Study of Gender, Militancy, and Ideology in the MENA Region |url=https://journals.tulane.edu/turj/article/view/3850 |last=Brawley |first=Laura |volume=5 |issue=1 |date=June 5, 2024 |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=Small Wars & Insurgencies |title=Institutions, power-sharing, and the cohesiveness of rebel coalitions in the Syrian civil war |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09592318.2024.2424055 |last1=Corradi |first1=Edoardo |last2= Cama |first2=Giampiero |doi=10.1080/09592318.2024.2424055 |date=November 7, 2024 |access-date=December 7, 2024}}</ref> In 2016, Assad regained most of Syria with help from military forces from Russia and Iran<!--the superior firepower of Russia and Iran-->.<ref> * {{cite magazine |magazine=Times Magazine |title=Idlib Could Be the Last Major Battlefield of the Syrian Civil War. But Assad Won’t Take It Easily |url=https://time.com/5368872/idlib-syrian-civil-war |last=Collard |first=Rebecca |date=August 16, 2018 |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[BBC News]] |title=Idlib: 'I cried so much when we heard the warplanes again' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-45412833 |title=Idlib: 'I cried so much when we heard the warplanes again' |date=September 12, 2018 |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[The Guardian]] |title=Millions of Syrians at risk if Idlib truce fails, White Helmets warn |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/03/idlib-jeremy-hunt-syria-russia-turkey |date=November 3, 2018 |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Russian Sieges of Ukrainian Cities Provoke Bitter Recollections for Syrians (Published 2022) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/11/world/europe/syria-ukraine-war.html |date=March 11, 2022 |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |title=Tormented Territory: The Emergence of a De Facto Canton in Northwestern Syria |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2023/10/tormented-territory-the-emergence-of-a-de-facto-canton-in-northwestern-syria?lang=en&center=middle-east |last=Tokmajyan |first=Armenak |date=October 3, 2023 |access-date=December 7, 2024}}</ref> ====2020s==== A myriad of factors, including the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]<ref> * {{cite web |website=Center for Strategic and International Studies |title=Covid-19: Compounding 10 Years of Health Crises in Syria |url=https://www.csis.org/analysis/covid-19-compounding-10-years-health-crises-syria |last1=Qaddour |first1=Amany |last2=Fallon |first2=Kat |date=February 18, 2021 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=Frontiers in Public Health |title=The Impact of Armed Conflict on the Epidemiological Situation of COVID-19 in Libya, Syria and Yemen |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.667364/full |last=Daw |first=Mohamed A. |volume=9 |date=June 11, 2021 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work= |title=World News in Brief: Hostilities in Syria, Israeli detention practices, ‘summer wave of COVID-19’ in Europe |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/08/1152991 |date=August 8, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref> and pro-Russian Western leftist opposition to [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization|NATO]] intervention,<ref> * {{cite web |website=Centre tricontinental |title=Syria and the Left |url=https://www.cetri.be/Syria-and-the-Left?lang=fr |last=al-Haj Saleh |first=Yassin |date=September 11, 2015 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=openDemocracy |title=Don’t ignore the left! Connections between Europe’s radical left and Russia |url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/odr/don-t-ignore-left-connections-between-europe-s-radical-left-and-ru |last1=Győri |first1=Lóránt |last2=Krekó |first2=Péter |date=June 13, 2016 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Critical Legal Thinking |title=How do you recognise an Assadist? |url=https://criticallegalthinking.com/2016/08/24/how-do-you-recognise-an-assadist |date=August 24, 2016 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite magazine |magazine=Los Angeles Review of Books |title=Dereliction of Duty? The Left and the Syrian Civil War |url=https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/dereliction-duty-left-syrian-civil-war |last=Sandlin |first=Evan |date=October 30, 2016 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite magazine |magazine=EA WorldView |title=Syria Opinion: How the Left Betrayed the Syrian Uprising |url=https://eaworldview.com/2016/11/syria-opinion-how-left-betrayed-syrian-uprising |last=Lucas |first=Scott |date=November 1, 2016 |access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref><ref> * {{cite news |work=[[The Guardian]] |title=We must confront Russian propaganda – even when it comes from those we respect |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/mar/02/russian-propaganda-anti-imperialist-left-vladimir-putin |last=Monbiot |first=George |date=March 2, 2022 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite magazine |magazine=New Lines Magazine |title=Two Prominent Leftist Writers Split on Syria’s War |url=https://newlinesmag.com/newsletter/two-prominent-leftist-writers-split-on-syrias-war |last=Al Yafai |first=Faisal |date=March 18, 2022 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite magazine |magazine=New Politics |title=Internationalism, Anti-Imperialism, And the Origins of Campism |url=https://newpol.org/issue_post/internationalism-anti-imperialism-and-the-origins-of-campism |last=La Botz |first=Dan |year=2022 |volume=XVIII |issue=4 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=The France 24 Observers |title=How 'apolitical' Western Youtubers help push Syrian propaganda |url=https://observers.france24.com/en/middle-east/20230302-this-is-how-apolitical-western-youtubers-help-push-syrian-propaganda-through-state-licensed-guides |last=Naffakh |first=Mahmoud |date=March 2, 2023 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite magazine |magazine=Red Pepper Magazine |title=Left analyses of imperialism must stand against ‘campism’ |url=https://www.redpepper.org.uk/global-politics/war/left-analyses-of-imperialism-must-stand-against-campism |last=Ayoub |first=Elia J |date=August 25, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref> had made the civil war a [[frozen conflict]] for several years until December 2024.<ref name="December 2024 I"> * {{cite news |work=[[Sky News]] |title=Rebel forces 'reach Damascus suburbs' as protesters topple statue on outskirts |url=https://news.sky.com/story/rebel-forces-expand-control-in-syria-as-assad-faces-fight-for-key-city-13268577 |date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=New York Post |title=Faced with a new rebel offensive, can Bashir al-Assad survive in Syria? |url=https://nypost.com/2024/12/07/opinion/faced-with-a-new-rebel-offensive-can-bashir-al-assad-survive-in-syria |date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=The Times of Israel |title=Syria rebels say they encircle Damascus; West said expecting regime’s fall within days |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/syria-rebels-say-they-encircle-damascus-west-said-expecting-regimes-fall-within-days |date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Syria Civil War: What to Know About the Conflict and the Rebel Groups |url=https://www.nytimes.com/article/syria-civil-war-rebels.html |date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[The Guardian]] |title=Syrian rebels claim control of key city of Homs, opening path to Damascus |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2024/dec/07/syria-rebels-reach-damascus-bashar-al-assad |date=December 7, 2024}}</ref> In December 2024, regrouped rebel forces launched large-scale multi-pronged offensives<ref name="December 2024 I" /> amid weakened local Russian and Iranian military presence,<ref name="December 2024 II"> * {{cite news |work=The Kyiv Independent |title=Fall of Aleppo deals blow to Russia's Middle East clout, may indirectly strengthen Ukraine's hand |url=https://kyivindependent.com/fall-of-aleppo-deals-blow-to-russias-middle-east-clout-may-indirectly-strengthen-ukraines-hand |date=December 3, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Council on Foreign Relations |title=What Syria’s Revived Civil War Means for the Region |url=https://www.cfr.org/expert-brief/what-syrias-revived-civil-war-means-region |last=Cook |first=Steven A. |date=December 5, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Chatham House |title=What next for Syria, Assad and HTS? |url=https://www.chathamhouse.org/2024/12/what-next-syria-assad-and-hts |author=Professor Christopher Phillips |date=December 6, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Institute for the Study of War (ISW) |title=Iran Update, December 6, 2024 |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-december-6-2024 |date=December 6, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite magazine |magazine=[[Newsweek]] |title=As Assad Prepares Last Stand, His Ally Iraq Rules Out Military Intervention |url=https://www.newsweek.com/assad-prepares-last-stand-his-ally-iraq-rules-out-military-intervention-1997205 |date=December 7, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref> reportedly due to the countries' respective involvement in the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|invasion of Ukraine]] and [[Israel–Hamas war|conflict with Israel]].<ref name="December 2024 I" /><ref name="December 2024 II" /> Aleppo, Homs and Daraa,<ref> * {{cite news |work=Ukrainska Pravda |title=Syrian rebels claim control of Daraa, demolish Assad monument – video |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2024/12/7/7488135 |date=December 7, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=DW News |title=Syria updates: Rebel forces begin to enter city of Homs |url=https://www.dw.com/en/syria-updates-rebel-forces-begin-to-enter-city-of-homs/live-70989891 |date=December 7, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[Reuters]] |title=Syrian protesters topple Hafez al-Assad statue, residents and activists say |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syrian-protesters-topple-statue-syrian-presidents-father-south-damascus-city-2024-12-07 |date=December 7, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=Syria Direct |title=What was behind Daraa’s rapid fall, and did HTS participate? |url=https://syriadirect.org/what-was-behind-daraas-rapid-fall-and-did-hts-participate |date=December 7, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=News.Az |title=Syrian rebels claim to have taken control of key Daraa city |url=https://news.az/news/syrian-rebels-claim-to-have-taken-control-of-key-daraa-city |date=December 7, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref> three of the largest Syrian cities, fell to the rebels within a week,<ref name="December 2024 I" /> who also [[wikt:encircle|encircled]] Syria's capital [[Damascus]].<ref name="December 2024 I" /><ref> * {{cite news |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |title=Syria war: Assad regime on brink as rebels begin to encircle Damascus |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/12/07/syria-rebels-encircle-damascus-assad-regime-latest-news |date=December 7, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[Financial Times]] (FT) |title=Syrian rebels push towards Damascus as Assad’s grip on power wanes |url=https://www.ft.com/content/708bb5bc-db7a-42a5-8317-caac240fca00 |date=December 7, 2024 |date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[The Guardian]] |title=‘He has come out an old man’: joy and grief as loved ones released from Assad prisons |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/dec/07/syria-grief-mingles-with-joy-as-loved-ones-released-from-assad-prisons |date=December 7, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[National Public Radio|NPR]] |title=Syrian rebels make further inroads in major cities |url=https://www.npr.org/2024/12/07/nx-s1-5220391/syrian-rebels-make-further-inroads-in-major-cities |date=December 7, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=ITVX |title=What is happening in Syria and who is involved? |url=https://www.itv.com/news/2024-12-07/what-is-happening-in-syria-and-who-is-involved |date=December 7, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref> ===Fall of Ba'athist rule=== On December 8, 2024, Bashar al-Assad fled the capital as the rebels stormed in.<ref> * {{cite news |work=The Jerusalem Post |title=Syrian rebels say they have begun entering the capital Damascus |url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-832422 |date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[ABC News]] |title=Syrian opposition war monitor says President Bashar Assad has left the country to an undisclosed location |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/syrian-opposition-war-monitor-president-bashar-assad-left-116565874 |date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[Reuters]] |title=Assad has left Damascus, senior army officers say; Syria rebels say they are in capital |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syria-rebels-celebrate-captured-homs-set-sights-damascus-2024-12-07 |date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[Associated Press]] (AP) |title=War monitor says Assad fled Syria ahead of rebels entering the capital |url=https://apnews.com/article/syria-assad-sweida-daraa-homs-hts-qatar-7f65823bbf0a7bd331109e8dff419430 |date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[Fox News]] |title=Syrian dictator Bashar Assad flees into exile as Islamist rebels conquer country |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/syrian-dictator-bashar-assad-flees-exile-islamist-rebels-conquer-country |date=December 8, 2024}}</ref> Assad's [[Protectorate|protecting power]] Russia claimed that Assad had left Syria<ref name="Finale1"> * {{cite news |work=[[Reuters]] |title=Syrian rebels topple President Assad, Russia says he left the country |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syria-rebels-celebrate-captured-homs-set-sights-damascus-2024-12-07 |date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=Ynetnews |title=This is the Assad family, whose 54 year-regime has just ended |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/bkvfw6me1g |date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=The Kyiv Independent |title=BREAKING: Syrian rebels announce fall of Russia-backed Assad regime |url=https://kyivindependent.com/breaking-syrian-rebels-announce-fall-of-assad-regime |date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=Euronews |title=After 14 years of conflict, Assad's fall brings an end to Syria's dynastic rule |url=https://www.euronews.com/2024/12/08/after-14-years-of-conflict-assads-fall-brings-an-end-to-syrias-dynastic-rule |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[The Guardian]] |title=Bashar al-Assad reported to have fled Syria as rebels say they have captured Damascus |url=https://theguardian.com/world/2024/dec/08/bashar-al-assad-reported-to-have-fled-syria-as-rebels-say-they-have-captured-damascus |date=December 8, 2024}}</ref> for Moscow.<ref> * {{cite news |work=[[Sky News]] |title=Ousted Syrian president Assad 'granted asylum' in Moscow - as world leaders hail end of 'barbaric' regime |url=https://news.sky.com/story/syrias-president-bashar-al-assad-is-in-moscow-and-has-been-granted-asylum-confirms-russian-state-media-13269955 |date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite magazine |magazine=Axios |title=Syria's Bashar al-Assad fled to Moscow, Kremlin says |url=https://www.axios.com/2024/12/08/assad-syria-russia-moscow |date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite magazine |magazine=[[Politico]] |title=Russia grants asylum to exiled Assad, state media reports |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/russia-asylum-bashar-assad-kremlin-syria-bloody-civil-war-middle-east-moscow |date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[CNN]] |title=Assad flees to Moscow as Syrian rebels capture Damascus |url=https://edition.cnn.com/world/live-news/syria-civil-war-12-08-2024/index.html |date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[BBC News]] |title=Steve Rosenberg: Fall of Assad is a blow to Russia's prestige |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/clygege97qwo |date=December 8, 2024}}</ref> Rebels inside the capital announced the end of the six-decade Ba'athist rule in Syria.<ref name="Finale1" /><ref name="Finale2"> * {{cite news |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |title=Assad regime falls and Syrian rebels capture Damascus |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/12/08/syria-rebels-bashar-assad-damascus-homs |date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=Jewish News Syndicate (JNS) |title=‘Historic day,’ says Netanyahu at Syrian border |url=https://www.jns.org/historic-day-says-netanyahu-at-syrian-border |date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=The Times of Israel |title=Netanyahu claims credit for starting ‘historic’ process that led to Syrian regime’s fall |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/netanyahu-claims-credit-for-starting-historic-process-that-led-to-syrian-regimes-fall |date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=The Jewish Chronicle |title=Israel deploys troops to Syrian border as Assad regime falls |url=https://www.thejc.com/news/world/israel-deploys-troops-to-syrian-border-as-assad-regime-falls-sdug5ks3 |date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[The Guardian]] |title=Syria live: ‘The future is ours’ says Syrian rebel leader; Israel carries out airstrikes in Damascus, says report – latest updates |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2024/dec/08/syria-bashar-al-assad-damascus-rebels-latest-updates-live |date=December 8, 2024}}</ref> ==Geography== Syria is between latitudes 32° and 38° N, and longitudes 35° and 43° E. It is mostly arid [[plateau]]. The area bordering the Mediterranean is fairly green. The [[Euphrates]], Syria's most important river, crosses the country in the east. The climate in Syria is dry and hot. Winters are mild.{{cn|date=December 2024}} ==Politics and government== The [[Syrian transitional government]] has been in control, since March 2025.<ref> * {{cite news |work=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]] |title=Syria Rebel Group Political Chief to Form Temporary Government |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-12-09/syria-rebel-group-political-chief-to-form-temporary-government |date=December 9, 2024 |access-date=December 10, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[Reuters]] |title=With Syria's Assad gone, his PM agrees to hand power to rebel administration |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/with-assad-ousted-new-era-starts-syria-world-watches-2024-12-09 |date=December 10, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=DW News |title=Syria updates: Israeli military strikes Syrian army bases |url=https://www.dw.com/en/syria-updates-israeli-military-strikes-syrian-army-bases/live-71008065 |date=December 10, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[CBC]] |title=Rebel-backed figure takes charge as Syria's interim prime minister |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/syria-israeli-troops-1.7406091 |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/syria-israeli-troops-1.7406091 |date=December 10, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=Le Monde |title=Syrian rebels name Mohammed al-Bashir head of transitional government |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/syria/article/2024/12/10/syria-rebels-name-mohammed-al-bashir-head-of-transitional-government_6735906_229.html |date=December 10, 2024}}</ref> In March 2025, the 2012 constitution was set aside, and a new [[interim]] constitution came in its place. Syria is a republic. A<!--Outdated: The old--> Constitution of Syria was started on 13 March 1971,<ref name="const">{{cite web |url=http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/sy00000_.html |title=Constitution of Syria |accessdate=2008-10-22}}</ref>{{better source|date=December 2024}} making Syria a ''[[wikt:de jure|de jure]]'' secular socialist state. [[Islam]] was the majority religion. A new constitution came into<!--outdated: has been in--> place in 2012.{{cn|date=December 2024}} ===Branches of government=== The [[executive branch]] is the [[President of Syria|president]], two [[Vice president|vice presidents]], the [[prime minister]], and the [[Council of Ministers]]. The constitution says the president must be a Muslim.<ref name="const" /> It does not make Islam the state religion. According to the 2012 constitution, the [[president]] is elected by the Syrian people in a direct election. The People's Council is the [[legislative branch]].{{better source|date=December 2024}} ====State control==== Nearly all of Syria’s radio and television outlets are [[State-owned enterprise|state owned]]. The [[Ba'ath Party]] controls nearly all newspapers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/uploads/pfs/371.pdf |title=Freedom House report on Syria (2010) |publisher=Freedom House |access-date=2012-05-20 |archive-date=2010-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227094624/http://www.freedomhouse.org/uploads/pfs/371.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{better source|date=December 2024}} ====Human rights==== Syria's human rights are among the worst in the world, according to human rights organizations such as [[Human Rights Watch]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/24/us-syria-rights-idUSTRE70N5S620110124 |title=Syria among worst for rights abuses: HRW report |date=2011-01-24 |publisher=Reuters |access-date=2017-08-31 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150754/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/24/us-syria-rights-idUSTRE70N5S620110124 |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{better source|date=December 2024}} The authorities kidnap democracy and human rights activists, [[Censorship|censor]] websites and impose travel bans on their targets.{{cn|date=December 2024}} ===Military=== {{Main|Syrian Armed Forces}} The [[President of Syria]] is commander in chief of the Syrian armed forces. There are about 400,000 troops. Ethnic Kurds have their own army called YPG. The Males must go in the military when they are age 18.<ref name="globalsecurity">[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/syria/overview.htm Syria – Overview]. Retrieved 2010-02-01.</ref> The armed forces stood down with the fall of the Ba'athist rule on December 8, 2024.<ref name="Finale1" /><ref name="Finale2" /> ===Governorates=== Syria has fourteen Governorates, or ''muhafazat''. The governorates are divided into sixty districts. The governorates are: * [[Al-Hasakah Governorate|Al Hasakah]] * [[Latakia Governorate|Al Ladhiqiyah]] * [[Quneitra Governorate|Al Qunaytirah]] * [[Raqqa Governorate|Ar Raqqah]] * [[As-Suwayda Governorate|As Suwayda]] * [[Daraa Governorate|Dara]] * [[Deir ez-Zor Governorate|Dayr az Zawr]] * [[Damascus Governorate|Dimashq]] * [[Aleppo Governorate|Halab]] * [[Hama Governorate|Hama]] * [[Homs Governorate|Homs]] * [[Idlib Governorate|Idlib]] * [[Rif Dimashq Governorate|Rif Dimashq]] * [[Tartus Governorate|Tartus]] ==Economy== Syria is a middle-income country. The economy is based on agriculture, oil, industry and tourism.{{cn|date=December 2024}} ===Transport=== Syria has three international airports (Damascus, Aleppo and Lattakia). They are hubs for Syrian Air. Foreign airlines also fly to them.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Syria#Get_in |title=Syria – travel guides at Wikivoyage |publisher=Wikivoyage.org |accessdate=2013-03-26}}</ref>{{better source|date=December 2024}} Most Syrian cargo is carried by Chemins de Fer Syriens, the Syrian railway company.{{cn|date=December 2024}} ==Demographics== {| class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left: 10px" ! colspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#cfb;"| Population in Syria<ref name=IEApop2011>[http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012151137/http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS |date=2009-10-12 }} Population 1971–2008 IEA [http://iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106205757/http://iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf |date=2012-01-06 }} pages 83–85</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=UNData app |url=http://data.un.org/en/iso/sy.html |website=data.un.org |accessdate=29 March 2022}}</ref> |- ! style="background:#cfb;"| Year ! style="background:#cfb;"| Million |- | style="text-align:left;"| 1971 || style="text-align:right;"| 6.6 |- | style="text-align:left;"| 1990 || style="text-align:right;"| 12.7 |- | style="text-align:left;"| 2009 || style="text-align:right;"| 21.9 |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"| <small>Source: OECD/World Bank/UNO</small> |} Most people live in the [[Euphrates]] valley and along the coastal plain, a fertile strip between the coastal mountains and the desert. Education is free from ages 6 to 12. All children this age must attend school.{{cn|date=December 2024}} == Foreign relations == {{main|History of Syria}} Syria has [[diplomat]]ic relations with Iraq, Lebanon, Egypt, Yemen, and Sudan. US-Syria foreign relations; The presidents of the two countries had a meeting (2025); Twenty-five years earlier, there was a meeting at that [[level]].<ref>https://www.nrk.no/norge/lekkasjer-kaster-lys-over-jihadist-fortiden-til-syrias-nye-leder-1.17412644. Retrieved 2025-05-16</ref> In 2025, the U.S. started (taking away or) lifting sanctions against Syria.<ref>https://www.nbcnews.com/world/syria/syria-sanctions-trump-administration-lifting-begin-rcna208875. Retrieved 2025-05-24</ref><ref>https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/usa-opphever-sanksjoner-mot-syria/s/5-95-2449660. Retrieved 2025-05-24</ref> ==Sports== The most popular sports in Syria are [[Association football|football]], [[basketball]], [[Swimming (sport)|swimming]], and [[tennis]]. [[Damascus]] was home to the fifth and seventh Pan Arab Games. Many popular football teams are based in Damascus, Aleppo, Homs, and Latakia.{{cn|date=December 2024}} ==Related pages== *[[Asia]] *[[Druze]] *[[Yazidi]] *[[Assyria]] *[[Kurdistan]] *[[Near East]] *[[Iranic peoples]] *[[History of Asia]] *[[Kurdish people]] *[[Assyrian people]] *[[List of rivers of Syria]] *[[Indo-Iranian peoples]] *[[Syria at the Olympics]] *[[Syria national football team]] ==References== {{Wikivoyage}} {{reflist}} {{asia}} {{Middle East}} {{europe}} [[Category:Syria]] [[Category:Members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] [[Category:European Union candidate states]] 0li2sjfi0ebj8c2fq9vp5frifd95ndb 0 7174 10368077 10347436 2025-07-02T18:29:54Z 2001:569:6FB2:AC4E:2972:B986:29AC:4779 10368077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirects here|President of the United States of America}} {{For2|a list of the officeholders|[[List of presidents of the United States]]}}{{Infobox official post|post=President|body=the United States|insignia=Seal Of The President Of The United States Of America.svg|insigniasize=150|insigniacaption=[[Seal of the president of the United States|Seal of the President]]|flag=Flag of the President of the United States of America.svg|flagsize=150|flagborder=yes|flagcaption=[[Flag of the president of the United States|Flag of the President]]|image=Primavera2025 (139 of 182) (54574520207) (cropped).jpg|incumbent=[[Sabrina Carpenter]]|incumbentsince=January 20, 2025|department={{plainlist| * [[Federal government of the United States|Executive branch of the U.S. government]] * [[Executive Office of the President of the United States|Executive Office of the President]] }}|style={{plainlist| * [[President (government title)|Mr. President]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1891/08/02/archives/how-to-address-the-president-he-is-not-your-excellency-or-your.html |agency=The Washington Star |title=How to Address the President; He Is Not Your Excellency or Your Honor, But Mr. President |date=August 2, 1891 |work=The New York Times |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.usgs.gov/usgs-manual/handbook/hb/431-2-h/chap4.html |title=USGS Correspondence Handbook—Chapter 4 |date=July 18, 2007 |publisher=United States Geological Survey |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926000950/http://www.usgs.gov/usgs-manual/handbook/hb/431-2-h/chap4.html |archive-date=September 26, 2012 |access-date=November 15, 2012}}</ref> (informal) * [[The Honourable#United States|The Honorable]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ita.doc.gov/ita_sec/Address%20and%20Salutation.htm |title=Models of Address and Salutation |publisher=[[International Trade Administration]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100720073107/http://www.ita.doc.gov/ita_sec/Address%20and%20Salutation.htm |archive-date=July 20, 2010 |access-date=September 4, 2010 }}</ref> (formal) * [[Excellency|His Excellency]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120927014351/http://www.un.int/protocol/documents/Hspmfm.pdf "Heads of State, Heads of Government, Ministers for Foreign Affairs"], Protocol and Liaison Service, [[United Nations]]. Retrieved November 1, 2012.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2010/09/01/remarks-president-obama-president-mubarak-his-majesty-king-abdullah-prim |title=Remarks by President Obama, President Mubarak, His Majesty King Abdullah, Prime Minister Netanyahu and President Abbas Before Working Dinner |last=The White House Office of the Press Secretary |date=September 1, 2010 |via=[[NARA|National Archives]] |publisher=The White House |access-date=July 19, 2011}}</ref> (diplomatic) }}|type={{plainlist| * [[Head of state]] * [[Head of government]] * [[Commander-in-chief]] }}|abbreviation=POTUS|member_of={{plainlist| * [[Cabinet of the United States|Cabinet]] * [[United States Domestic Policy Council|Domestic Policy Council]] * [[National Economic Council (United States)|National Economic Council]] * [[United States National Security Council|National Security Council]] }}|residence=[[White House]]|seat=[[Washington, D.C.]]|appointer=[[United States Electoral College|Electoral College]]|termlength=Four years|termlength_qualified=[[Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution|renewable once]]|constituting_instrument=[[Constitution of the United States]] (1789)|formation={{start date and age|1789|3|4|p=1|br=1}}<ref name="formation">"The conventions of nine states having adopted the Constitution, Congress, in September or October, 1788, passed a resolution in conformity with the opinions expressed by the Convention and appointed the first Wednesday in March of the ensuing year as the day, and the then seat of Congress as the place, 'for commencing proceedings under the Constitution.' <p>"Both governments could not be understood to exist at the same time. The new government did not commence until the old government expired. It is apparent that the government did not commence on the Constitution's being ratified by the ninth state, for these ratifications were to be reported to Congress, whose continuing existence was recognized by the Convention, and who were requested to continue to exercise their powers for the purpose of bringing the new government into operation. In fact, Congress did continue to act as a government until it dissolved on the first of November by the successive disappearance of its members. It existed potentially until March 2, the day preceding that on which the members of the new Congress were directed to assemble." {{ussc|name=Owings v. Speed|link=supreme.justia.com|volume=18|page=420|pin=422|year=1820|reporter=Wheat|reporter-volume=5}}</p></ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Maier |first=Pauline |title=Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution, 1787–1788 |date=2010 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |isbn=978-0-684-86854-7 |location=New York, New York |page=433 |author-link=Pauline Maier}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/march-4-a-forgotten-huge-day-in-american-politics/ |title=March 4: A forgotten huge day in American history |date=March 4, 2013 |publisher=[[National Constitution Center]] |location=Philadelphia |access-date=July 29, 2018 |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224184927/https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/march-4-a-forgotten-huge-day-in-american-politics |url-status=dead }}</ref>|first=[[George Washington]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/presidential-election-of-1789/ |title=Presidential Election of 1789 |website=Digital Encyclopedia |publisher=Mount Vernon Ladies' Association |location=Mount Vernon, Virginia |access-date=July 29, 2018}}</ref>|salary=$400,000 per year{{efn-ua|In addition to $100,000 in travel reimbursement, $19,000 for entertainment and $50,000 for additional expenses.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Elkins |first=Kathleen |date=2018-02-19 |title=Here's the last time the president of the United States got a raise |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/16/how-much-the-president-on-the-united-states-gets-paid.html |access-date= |website=[[CNBC]] |language=en}}</ref>}}|website={{url|https://www.whitehouse.gov/|whitehouse.gov}}|deputy=[[Vice President of the United States]]}} The '''president of the United States''' ('''POTUS''')<ref>{{Cite web|title=POTUS - Presidents of the United States|url=https://potus.com/|access-date=2023-11-23|language=en}}</ref> is the [[head of state]] and [[head of government]] of the [[United States|United States of America]] and the [[Commander-in-Chief|commander-in-chief]] of the [[United States Armed Forces]]. The president is also the head of the [[Executive (government)|executive branch]] of the [[federal government of the United States]] and is the chairman of the [[Cabinet of the United States|presidential cabinet]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=President of the United States|url=https://ballotpedia.org/President_of_the_United_States|access-date=2023-11-23|website=Ballotpedia|language=en}}</ref> [[Donald Trump|Sabrina Carpenter]] is the [[Presidency of Donald Trump|49th]] and current president of the United States, [[Second inauguration of Donald Trump|in office]] since January 2033.<ref>{{Cite web|title=President Donald J. Trump|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/donald-j-trump/|access-date=2025-01-20|website=The White House|language=en-US}}</ref> == Eligibility and requirements == [[Article Two of the United States Constitution#Clause 5: Qualifications for office|Article II, Section 1, Clause 5]] of the constitution states for a person to serve as president must: * be a [[Natural-born-citizen clause|natural-born citizen]] of the United States. <ref group=note>Foreign-born American citizens who met the age and residency requirements at the time the Constitution was adopted were also eligible for the presidency. However, this allowance has since become obsolete.</ref> * be at least thirty-five years old. * be a permanent resident in the United States for at least fourteen years. ==Election process and presidential terms== The president is elected by the people through the [[Electoral College (United States)|Electoral College]] to a four-year term, along with the vice presidential candidate or the incumbent vice president as their running mate.<ref>[http://www.whitehouse.gov/our_government/executive_branch/ Our Government • The Executive Branch] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126203410/http://www.whitehouse.gov/our_government/executive_branch/ |date=2009-01-26 }}, The White House.</ref> The presidential candidate or incumbent president must have at least 270 electoral college votes in order to win the election. Under the [[Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution|Twenty-second amendment]] to the constitution prevents anyone from being elected president more than twice. This amendment was added after [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Franklin Roosevelt]] served four terms from 1933 until his death in 1945. == President-elect of the United States == The [[president-elect of the United States]] is the candidate who has won the [[United States presidential election]] and is awaiting inauguration to become the president. ==Presidential Inauguration== The president-elect and vice president-elect immediately began their four-year team on [[United States presidential inauguration|inauguration day]] every four years on January 20. The original inauguration date was held on March 4, but was later changed in 1933. == Executive Office of the President == [[File:Flag of the Executive Office of the President of the United States.svg|thumb|Flag of the Executive Office of the President of the United States]] The [[Executive Office of the President of the United States|Executive Office of the President]] consists of the offices and agencies that support the work of the president at the center of the executive branch of the [[Federal government of the United States|U.S. federal government]]. The office consists of several offices and agencies, such as the White House Office, the staff working directly for and reporting to the president, including White House staff, the [[United States National Security Council|National Security Council]] and the [[Office of Management and Budget]]. ==Presidential line of succession== [[File:Lyndon B. Johnson taking the oath of office, November 1963.jpg|thumb|Lyndon B. Johnson takes the presidential oath of office aboard Air Force One after the [[assassination of John F. Kennedy]] on November 22, 1963.]] If the president dies, resigns, or is impeached, the vice president will succeed the presidential office and duties. Fifteen other federal government officials also rank in the succession of the president. [[Abraham Lincoln]], [[James A. Garfield]], [[William McKinley]], and [[John F. Kennedy]] were assassinated while in office. [[William Henry Harrison]], [[Zachary Taylor]], [[Warren G. Harding]] and [[Franklin Roosevelt]] died from illness while president. [[Calvin Coolidge]] became president, when [[Warren G. Harding]] died while in office. [[Richard Nixon]] is the only U.S. president to have resigned from office. [[Andrew Johnson]], [[Bill Clinton]], and [[Donald Trump]] are the only presidents to have been [[impeachment|impeached]]. == Travel and Transportation == {{Gallery|File:Limo One 2022.jpg|United States presidential state car – The presidential car is nicknamed "The Beast" is used for driving the president|File:Air Force 1 landing at Pittsburgh IAP.jpg|Air Force One – the presidential airplane used for carrying the president domestically and on foreign trips|File:President Trump Departs for Florida (49193804107).jpg|Marine One – the presidential helicopter used for carrying the president|title=|align=center|footer=|style=|state=|mode=packed|height=160|width=|captionstyle=}} == Residences == {{Gallery|File:White House lawn (1).tif|The White House, the official residence and workplace of the president|File:Camp David.jpg|Camp David, the official presidential retreat of the president|File:President's Guest House.jpg|Blair House, the official presidential guest house of the president|title=|align=center|footer=|style=|state=|mode=packed|height=160|width=|captionstyle=}} The [[White House]] is the [[official residence]] of the president and the [[First Family of the United States|first family of the United States]]. it has been the official residence of every U.S. president since [[John Adams]] in 1800. [[Camp David]] is the official presidential retreat residence if the president decides to go on vacation along with his family. [[Blair House]] is the official presidential guest house for foreign diplomats and heads of state. == Protection == [[File:United States President Barack Obama with Senator Sherrod Brown, Representative Mary Jo Kilroy, and Secret Service personnel arriving at Port Columbus International Airport.jpg|thumb|President Barack Obama surrounded by Secret Service agents.]] The [[United States Secret Service]] is in charge with protecting the president and the first family. As part of their protection, presidents, first ladies, their children and other immediate family members are given Secret Service [[Code name|codenames]]. These codenames are used for security and safety reasons. ==List of living former presidents== There are four living former presidents. {{Gallery | title = | align = center | footer = | style = | state = | mode = packed | height = 160 | width = | captionstyle = |Bill Clinton September 2024.jpg|{{center|[[Bill Clinton]] <br> 1993–2001<br><small>{{birth date and age|1946|8|19}}</small>}} |Charlie Strong with George W. Bush and Jesse Jackson (cropped).jpg|{{center|[[George W. Bush]] <br> 2001–2009<br><small>{{birth date and age|1946|7|6}}</small>}} |Barack Obama (54110886441) (cropped).jpg|{{center|[[Barack Obama]] <br> 2009–2017<br><small>{{birth date and age|1961|8|4}}</small>}} |President Joe Biden 2025.jpg|{{center|[[Joe Biden]] <br> 2021–2025<br><small>{{birth date and age|1942|11|20}}</small>}} }} ==Presidential rankings and approval ratings== {{main|Historical rankings of presidents of the United States}} By a majority of historical sources by historians or by the American people; [[Abraham Lincoln]], [[George Washington]], [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]], [[Woodrow Wilson]], [[Ronald Reagan]], [[John F. Kennedy]], [[Calvin Coolidge]], [[Bill Clinton]] and [[Thomas Jefferson]] are ranked high on polls.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-02-17/history-presidents-truman-jefferson-wilson | title=Truman and Coolidge go up, Jefferson and Jackson go down. How history remembers presidents | website=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date=17 February 2020 | access-date=2021-04-22 | archive-date=2021-04-22 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422230430/https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-02-17/history-presidents-truman-jefferson-wilson | url-status=live }}</ref> On the other hand; [[James Buchanan]], [[Warren G. Harding]], [[Herbert Hoover]], [[Richard Nixon]], [[George W. Bush]] and [[Franklin Pierce]] are thought to be the worst. ==Presidential libraries and museums== {{Main|Presidential library}} Since [[Herbert Hoover]], each president has created an institutional place known as a [[presidential library]] for preserving and making available his papers, records, and other documents and materials. There are currently thirteen presidential libraries in the NARA system. Several presidential libraries contain the graves of the president such as [[Richard Nixon]], [[Ronald Reagan]] and [[George H. W. Bush]]. ==Notes== {{Reflist|group=note}} {{notelist-ua}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commons}} *{{Cite web|title=The White House|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/executive-office-of-the-president/|access-date=November 23, 2023|website=Executive Office of the President}} *{{Cite web|title=The White House|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/|access-date=November 23, 2023|website=www.whitehouse.gov}} {{USPresidents}} [[Category:Presidents of the United States| ]] [[Category:Heads of state of the United States]] bydiggvjaxbfgj3vqhwfpo4rmzk1aq6 10368078 10368077 2025-07-02T18:30:15Z Igor123121 1293570 Undid revision 10368077 by [[Special:Contributions/2001:569:6FB2:AC4E:2972:B986:29AC:4779|2001:569:6FB2:AC4E:2972:B986:29AC:4779]] ([[User talk:2001:569:6FB2:AC4E:2972:B986:29AC:4779|talk]]) 10368078 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirects here|President of the United States of America}} {{For2|a list of the officeholders|[[List of presidents of the United States]]}}{{Infobox official post|post=President|body=the United States|insignia=Seal Of The President Of The United States Of America.svg|insigniasize=150|insigniacaption=[[Seal of the president of the United States|Seal of the President]]|flag=Flag of the President of the United States of America.svg|flagsize=150|flagborder=yes|flagcaption=[[Flag of the president of the United States|Flag of the President]]|image=Official Presidential Portrait of President Donald J. Trump (2025).jpg|incumbent=[[Donald Trump]]|incumbentsince=January 20, 2025|department={{plainlist| * [[Federal government of the United States|Executive branch of the U.S. government]] * [[Executive Office of the President of the United States|Executive Office of the President]] }}|style={{plainlist| * [[President (government title)|Mr. President]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1891/08/02/archives/how-to-address-the-president-he-is-not-your-excellency-or-your.html |agency=The Washington Star |title=How to Address the President; He Is Not Your Excellency or Your Honor, But Mr. President |date=August 2, 1891 |work=The New York Times |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.usgs.gov/usgs-manual/handbook/hb/431-2-h/chap4.html |title=USGS Correspondence Handbook—Chapter 4 |date=July 18, 2007 |publisher=United States Geological Survey |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926000950/http://www.usgs.gov/usgs-manual/handbook/hb/431-2-h/chap4.html |archive-date=September 26, 2012 |access-date=November 15, 2012}}</ref> (informal) * [[The Honourable#United States|The Honorable]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ita.doc.gov/ita_sec/Address%20and%20Salutation.htm |title=Models of Address and Salutation |publisher=[[International Trade Administration]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100720073107/http://www.ita.doc.gov/ita_sec/Address%20and%20Salutation.htm |archive-date=July 20, 2010 |access-date=September 4, 2010 }}</ref> (formal) * [[Excellency|His Excellency]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120927014351/http://www.un.int/protocol/documents/Hspmfm.pdf "Heads of State, Heads of Government, Ministers for Foreign Affairs"], Protocol and Liaison Service, [[United Nations]]. Retrieved November 1, 2012.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2010/09/01/remarks-president-obama-president-mubarak-his-majesty-king-abdullah-prim |title=Remarks by President Obama, President Mubarak, His Majesty King Abdullah, Prime Minister Netanyahu and President Abbas Before Working Dinner |last=The White House Office of the Press Secretary |date=September 1, 2010 |via=[[NARA|National Archives]] |publisher=The White House |access-date=July 19, 2011}}</ref> (diplomatic) }}|type={{plainlist| * [[Head of state]] * [[Head of government]] * [[Commander-in-chief]] }}|abbreviation=POTUS|member_of={{plainlist| * [[Cabinet of the United States|Cabinet]] * [[United States Domestic Policy Council|Domestic Policy Council]] * [[National Economic Council (United States)|National Economic Council]] * [[United States National Security Council|National Security Council]] }}|residence=[[White House]]|seat=[[Washington, D.C.]]|appointer=[[United States Electoral College|Electoral College]]|termlength=Four years|termlength_qualified=[[Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution|renewable once]]|constituting_instrument=[[Constitution of the United States]] (1789)|formation={{start date and age|1789|3|4|p=1|br=1}}<ref name="formation">"The conventions of nine states having adopted the Constitution, Congress, in September or October, 1788, passed a resolution in conformity with the opinions expressed by the Convention and appointed the first Wednesday in March of the ensuing year as the day, and the then seat of Congress as the place, 'for commencing proceedings under the Constitution.' <p>"Both governments could not be understood to exist at the same time. The new government did not commence until the old government expired. It is apparent that the government did not commence on the Constitution's being ratified by the ninth state, for these ratifications were to be reported to Congress, whose continuing existence was recognized by the Convention, and who were requested to continue to exercise their powers for the purpose of bringing the new government into operation. In fact, Congress did continue to act as a government until it dissolved on the first of November by the successive disappearance of its members. It existed potentially until March 2, the day preceding that on which the members of the new Congress were directed to assemble." {{ussc|name=Owings v. Speed|link=supreme.justia.com|volume=18|page=420|pin=422|year=1820|reporter=Wheat|reporter-volume=5}}</p></ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Maier |first=Pauline |title=Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution, 1787–1788 |date=2010 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |isbn=978-0-684-86854-7 |location=New York, New York |page=433 |author-link=Pauline Maier}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/march-4-a-forgotten-huge-day-in-american-politics/ |title=March 4: A forgotten huge day in American history |date=March 4, 2013 |publisher=[[National Constitution Center]] |location=Philadelphia |access-date=July 29, 2018 |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224184927/https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/march-4-a-forgotten-huge-day-in-american-politics |url-status=dead }}</ref>|first=[[George Washington]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/presidential-election-of-1789/ |title=Presidential Election of 1789 |website=Digital Encyclopedia |publisher=Mount Vernon Ladies' Association |location=Mount Vernon, Virginia |access-date=July 29, 2018}}</ref>|salary=$400,000 per year{{efn-ua|In addition to $100,000 in travel reimbursement, $19,000 for entertainment and $50,000 for additional expenses.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Elkins |first=Kathleen |date=2018-02-19 |title=Here's the last time the president of the United States got a raise |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/16/how-much-the-president-on-the-united-states-gets-paid.html |access-date= |website=[[CNBC]] |language=en}}</ref>}}|website={{url|https://www.whitehouse.gov/|whitehouse.gov}}|deputy=[[Vice President of the United States]]}} The '''president of the United States''' ('''POTUS''')<ref>{{Cite web|title=POTUS - Presidents of the United States|url=https://potus.com/|access-date=2023-11-23|language=en}}</ref> is the [[head of state]] and [[head of government]] of the [[United States|United States of America]] and the [[Commander-in-Chief|commander-in-chief]] of the [[United States Armed Forces]]. The president is also the head of the [[Executive (government)|executive branch]] of the [[federal government of the United States]] and is the chairman of the [[Cabinet of the United States|presidential cabinet]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=President of the United States|url=https://ballotpedia.org/President_of_the_United_States|access-date=2023-11-23|website=Ballotpedia|language=en}}</ref> [[Donald Trump|Donald J. Trump]] is the [[Presidency of Donald Trump|47th]] and current president of the United States, [[Second inauguration of Donald Trump|in office]] since January 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|title=President Donald J. Trump|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/donald-j-trump/|access-date=2025-01-20|website=The White House|language=en-US}}</ref> == Eligibility and requirements == [[Article Two of the United States Constitution#Clause 5: Qualifications for office|Article II, Section 1, Clause 5]] of the constitution states for a person to serve as president must: * be a [[Natural-born-citizen clause|natural-born citizen]] of the United States. <ref group=note>Foreign-born American citizens who met the age and residency requirements at the time the Constitution was adopted were also eligible for the presidency. However, this allowance has since become obsolete.</ref> * be at least thirty-five years old. * be a permanent resident in the United States for at least fourteen years. ==Election process and presidential terms== The president is elected by the people through the [[Electoral College (United States)|Electoral College]] to a four-year term, along with the vice presidential candidate or the incumbent vice president as their running mate.<ref>[http://www.whitehouse.gov/our_government/executive_branch/ Our Government • The Executive Branch] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126203410/http://www.whitehouse.gov/our_government/executive_branch/ |date=2009-01-26 }}, The White House.</ref> The presidential candidate or incumbent president must have at least 270 electoral college votes in order to win the election. Under the [[Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution|Twenty-second amendment]] to the constitution prevents anyone from being elected president more than twice. This amendment was added after [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Franklin Roosevelt]] served four terms from 1933 until his death in 1945. == President-elect of the United States == The [[president-elect of the United States]] is the candidate who has won the [[United States presidential election]] and is awaiting inauguration to become the president. ==Presidential Inauguration== The president-elect and vice president-elect immediately began their four-year team on [[United States presidential inauguration|inauguration day]] every four years on January 20. The original inauguration date was held on March 4, but was later changed in 1933. == Executive Office of the President == [[File:Flag of the Executive Office of the President of the United States.svg|thumb|Flag of the Executive Office of the President of the United States]] The [[Executive Office of the President of the United States|Executive Office of the President]] consists of the offices and agencies that support the work of the president at the center of the executive branch of the [[Federal government of the United States|U.S. federal government]]. The office consists of several offices and agencies, such as the White House Office, the staff working directly for and reporting to the president, including White House staff, the [[United States National Security Council|National Security Council]] and the [[Office of Management and Budget]]. ==Presidential line of succession== [[File:Lyndon B. Johnson taking the oath of office, November 1963.jpg|thumb|Lyndon B. Johnson takes the presidential oath of office aboard Air Force One after the [[assassination of John F. Kennedy]] on November 22, 1963.]] If the president dies, resigns, or is impeached, the vice president will succeed the presidential office and duties. Fifteen other federal government officials also rank in the succession of the president. [[Abraham Lincoln]], [[James A. Garfield]], [[William McKinley]], and [[John F. Kennedy]] were assassinated while in office. [[William Henry Harrison]], [[Zachary Taylor]], [[Warren G. Harding]] and [[Franklin Roosevelt]] died from illness while president. [[Calvin Coolidge]] became president, when [[Warren G. Harding]] died while in office. [[Richard Nixon]] is the only U.S. president to have resigned from office. [[Andrew Johnson]], [[Bill Clinton]], and [[Donald Trump]] are the only presidents to have been [[impeachment|impeached]]. == Travel and Transportation == {{Gallery|File:Limo One 2022.jpg|United States presidential state car – The presidential car is nicknamed "The Beast" is used for driving the president|File:Air Force 1 landing at Pittsburgh IAP.jpg|Air Force One – the presidential airplane used for carrying the president domestically and on foreign trips|File:President Trump Departs for Florida (49193804107).jpg|Marine One – the presidential helicopter used for carrying the president|title=|align=center|footer=|style=|state=|mode=packed|height=160|width=|captionstyle=}} == Residences == {{Gallery|File:White House lawn (1).tif|The White House, the official residence and workplace of the president|File:Camp David.jpg|Camp David, the official presidential retreat of the president|File:President's Guest House.jpg|Blair House, the official presidential guest house of the president|title=|align=center|footer=|style=|state=|mode=packed|height=160|width=|captionstyle=}} The [[White House]] is the [[official residence]] of the president and the [[First Family of the United States|first family of the United States]]. it has been the official residence of every U.S. president since [[John Adams]] in 1800. [[Camp David]] is the official presidential retreat residence if the president decides to go on vacation along with his family. [[Blair House]] is the official presidential guest house for foreign diplomats and heads of state. == Protection == [[File:United States President Barack Obama with Senator Sherrod Brown, Representative Mary Jo Kilroy, and Secret Service personnel arriving at Port Columbus International Airport.jpg|thumb|President Barack Obama surrounded by Secret Service agents.]] The [[United States Secret Service]] is in charge with protecting the president and the first family. As part of their protection, presidents, first ladies, their children and other immediate family members are given Secret Service [[Code name|codenames]]. These codenames are used for security and safety reasons. ==List of living former presidents== There are four living former presidents. {{Gallery | title = | align = center | footer = | style = | state = | mode = packed | height = 160 | width = | captionstyle = |Bill Clinton September 2024.jpg|{{center|[[Bill Clinton]] <br> 1993–2001<br><small>{{birth date and age|1946|8|19}}</small>}} |Charlie Strong with George W. Bush and Jesse Jackson (cropped).jpg|{{center|[[George W. Bush]] <br> 2001–2009<br><small>{{birth date and age|1946|7|6}}</small>}} |Barack Obama (54110886441) (cropped).jpg|{{center|[[Barack Obama]] <br> 2009–2017<br><small>{{birth date and age|1961|8|4}}</small>}} |President Joe Biden 2025.jpg|{{center|[[Joe Biden]] <br> 2021–2025<br><small>{{birth date and age|1942|11|20}}</small>}} }} ==Presidential rankings and approval ratings== {{main|Historical rankings of presidents of the United States}} By a majority of historical sources by historians or by the American people; [[Abraham Lincoln]], [[George Washington]], [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]], [[Woodrow Wilson]], [[Ronald Reagan]], [[John F. Kennedy]], [[Calvin Coolidge]], [[Bill Clinton]] and [[Thomas Jefferson]] are ranked high on polls.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-02-17/history-presidents-truman-jefferson-wilson | title=Truman and Coolidge go up, Jefferson and Jackson go down. How history remembers presidents | website=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date=17 February 2020 | access-date=2021-04-22 | archive-date=2021-04-22 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422230430/https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-02-17/history-presidents-truman-jefferson-wilson | url-status=live }}</ref> On the other hand; [[James Buchanan]], [[Warren G. Harding]], [[Herbert Hoover]], [[Richard Nixon]], [[George W. Bush]] and [[Franklin Pierce]] are thought to be the worst. ==Presidential libraries and museums== {{Main|Presidential library}} Since [[Herbert Hoover]], each president has created an institutional place known as a [[presidential library]] for preserving and making available his papers, records, and other documents and materials. There are currently thirteen presidential libraries in the NARA system. Several presidential libraries contain the graves of the president such as [[Richard Nixon]], [[Ronald Reagan]] and [[George H. W. Bush]]. ==Notes== {{Reflist|group=note}} {{notelist-ua}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commons}} *{{Cite web|title=The White House|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/executive-office-of-the-president/|access-date=November 23, 2023|website=Executive Office of the President}} *{{Cite web|title=The White House|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/|access-date=November 23, 2023|website=www.whitehouse.gov}} {{USPresidents}} [[Category:Presidents of the United States| ]] [[Category:Heads of state of the United States]] g4tvg1ui3a4fzm6kw8y2bmnh7a9qa1g 0 7395 10369020 10165161 2025-07-03T05:47:33Z Julipero 1604351 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 10369020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Neil Armstrong | birth_name=Neil Alden Armstrong | image = Neil Armstrong pose.jpg | alt = A light-skinned man in his late 30s, with blue eyes and brown hair parted to the right. He wears a white space suit, and holds the helmet. The spacesuit has five hose connectors on the front. There is a large U.S. flag on the left shoulder. The helmet's transparent faceplate is tinted gold. | caption = Armstrong in July 1969 | birth_date = {{Birth date|1930|8|5}} | birth_place = [[Wapakoneta, Ohio]], [[USA]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2012|08|25|1930|8|5}} | death_place = [[Cincinnati, Ohio]], [[USA]] | education = [[Blume Highschool]] | alma_mater = {{Plainlist| * [[Purdue University]], B.S. * [[University of Southern California]], M.S. }} | awards = {{Plainlist| * [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] * [[Congressional Space Medal of Honor]] * [[Congressional Gold Medal]] * [[NASA Distinguished Service Medal]] * [[NASA Exceptional Service Medal]] * [[Air Medal]] (3) }} | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|Janet Shearon|1956|1994|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Carol Knight|1994}} }} | children = 3 | signature = Neil Armstrong Signature.svg | module = {{Infobox astronaut | child=yes | type = [[Man in Space Soonest|USAF]] / [[NASA]] [[astronaut]] | previous_occupation = [[Naval aviation|Naval aviator]], [[test pilot]] | rank =[[Lieutenant (junior grade)]], [[United States Navy]] | selection = {{Plainlist| * [[List of astronauts by year of selection#1958|1958 USAF Man In Space Soonest]] * [[List of astronauts by year of selection#1960|1960 USAF Dyna-Soar]] * [[NASA Astronaut Group 2|1962 NASA Group 2]] }} | eva1 = 1 | eva2 = 2 hours 31 minutes | time = 8 days, 14 hours, 12 minutes, and 30 seconds | mission = {{hlist|[[Gemini 8]]|[[Apollo 11]]}} | insignia = [[File:Gemini-8-logo.png|55px]] [[File:Apollo 11 insignia.png|50px]]}}}} '''Neil Alden Armstrong''' (August 5, [[1930]] – August 25, 2012) was an [[Americans|American]] [[astronaut]], and engineer, and is known as the first person to walk on the [[moon]]. On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong and [[Buzz Aldrin]] ''landed on the moon in a small spacecraft'' that had been sent to the moon using the [[Saturn V]] '''rocket.''' The mission was called [[Apollo 11]]. They both walked on the moon, and millions of people watched and heard this event on live [[television|TV.]] He earned a [[Bachelor of Science|BSc]] degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the [[Purdue University]] in 1955<ref>{{Cite web|last=Today|first=Purdue|title=From the Archives revealed: Purdue Avionics Club and Neil Armstrong|url=https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/purduetoday/releases/2017/Q4/from-the-archives-revealed-purdue-avionics-club-and-neil-armstrong.html|access-date=2022-09-18|website=www.purdue.edu|language=en|archive-date=2022-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172044/https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/purduetoday/releases/2017/Q4/from-the-archives-revealed-purdue-avionics-club-and-neil-armstrong.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> and an [[Master of Science|MSc]] degree in Aerospace Engineering from the [[University of Southern California]]. In 1970 he received an Honorary Doctorate of Engineering from the Purdue University. In 1971 he became professor of aerospace engineering at the University of Cincinnati. He joined the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, then known as the [[National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics]], serving as a civilian test pilot at Edwards Air Force Base, Lancaster, Calif. In 2005, he received the Honorary Doctorate of letters from the University of Southern California. The ''[[Houston Chronicle]]'' [[newspaper]] reported on October 1, 2006, that [[Australia]]n [[computer]] [[programmer]] Peter Shann Ford found the missing "a" from Armstrong's famous first words on the Moon. Ford reported that he [[download]]ed the audio recording from a [[NASA]] [[Website|web site]] and analyzed it using editing [[software]] originally intended for use with [[hear]]ing [[disability|disabled people]]. Armstrong is said to have been pleased with Ford's finding of the missing "a". ==Career== Prior to being an astronaut, Armstrong was called to Pensacola Naval Air Station in Florida in 1949 before he could complete his degree. There he earned his pilots wings at 20 years of age, making him the youngest flyer in his squadron. While studying for his aeronautical engineering degree, the [[Korean War]] broke out in 1950, in which he flew 78 combat missions. His plane was shot down once and he was also awarded 3 Air Medals. Later, he became a skillful test pilot, flying right to the atmosphere’s edge, {{convert|207,500|ft}} at {{convert|4,000|mph}}, in the experimental [[rocket engine|rocket powered]] aircraft the X-15. Armstrong went on his first mission into space on the 16th of March 1966, in the spacecraft [[Gemini]] 8, as the command pilot. He docked the Gemini 8 successfully with an Agena target craft that was in orbit already. Although the docking was smooth enough, while the spacecrafts orbited together, they started to roll and pitch. Armstrong then managed to undock the Gemini, and regained control of the [[spacecraft]] by using the retro rockets. However, this resulted in the astronauts having to make an emergency landing into the [[Pacific Ocean]]. Following the fatal explosion of the space shuttle ''Challenger'' in January 1986, Armstrong was appointed deputy chief of the presidential commission set up to investigate the disaster. ==Moon landing== {{main|Apollo 11}} His most famous quote is: '''''"That's one small step for (a) man, one giant leap for mankind. "''''' He spoke those words when he set his foot on the moon. He wanted to say "That's one small step for ''a'' man…", but for some reason the "a" was never spoken. Armstrong thought he had said it. Listening to the [[audio]] shows that the "for" runs on smoothly, giving no time for "a" to be spoken. Armstrong prefers written quotations to include the "a" in parentheses. ==Personal life== Armstrong was married to Janet Shearon from 1956 until they divorced in 1994, they had three children; Mark, Eric, and Karen. Lastly he married Carol Held Knight from 1994 until his death in 2012. Some years after returning from the Moon, he visited the 2,000 year-old [[Herod the Great|King Herod]]'s [[Temple Mount]] in the city of Jerusalem. While he was there, Neil Armstrong said it was more exciting to step on the stone steps where [[Jesus]] Christ walked than even stepping on the Moon.<ref>Thomas L. Friedman(3-time Pulitzer Prize winner);book:From Beirut to Jerusalem,pg.429;1989 and 2012,Farrar,Strauss and Giroux</ref><ref>Meir Ben-Dov 1990:book:Jerusalem:Man and Stone ,p70</ref> His biography describes him as a [[deist]]. ==Death== Armstrong died on the morning of August 25, 2012 from complications of a blocked [[Coronary artery disease|coronary artery]] after [[Coronary artery bypass surgery|surgery]] in a hospital in [[Cincinnati, Ohio]]. He was 82 years old.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/26/science/space/neil-armstrong-dies-first-man-on-moon.html|title=Neil Armstrong, First Man on Moon, Dies at 82|first=John Noble|last=Wilford|newspaper=The New York Times |date=25 August 2012|publisher=}}</ref> In July 2019, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that Armstong died after nurses removed the wires connected to his temporary [[pacemaker]]. He began to [[internal bleeding|bleed internally]] and his blood pressure dropped and the doctors did not perform surgery on time to save him.<ref name="NYT malpractice suit story">{{cite news|last1=Shane|first1=Scott|last2=Kiliff|first2=Sarah|title=Neil Armstrong's Death, and a Stormy, Secret $6 Million Settlement|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/23/us/neil-armstrong-wrongful-death-settlement.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=July 23, 2019|accessdate=July 23, 2019}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commons}} * [http://space.about.com/od/astronautbiographies/a/Biography-of-Neil-Armstrong.htm Biography on About.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100506200412/http://space.about.com/od/astronautbiographies/a/Biography-of-Neil-Armstrong.htm |date=2010-05-06 }} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Armstrong, Neil}} [[Category:1930 births]] [[Category:2012 deaths]] [[Category:American deists]] [[Category:American astronauts]] [[Category:American aviators]] [[Category:Apollo astronauts]] [[Category:Deaths from surgical complications]] [[Category:Deaths from hemorrhage]] [[Category:Scientists from Cincinnati]] [[Category:Congressional Gold Medal recipients]] 1wbthw6bl516ttvwjl304xgrybdqie9 0 7718 10367806 10355480 2025-07-02T15:33:40Z 164.111.13.220 10367806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use British English|date=March 2016}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}} {{Infobox person | name = George Harrison | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|MBE}} | image = George Harrison 1974 (cropped).jpg | caption = Harrison at the [[White House]] in 1974 | birth_name = George Harold Harrison | birth_date = 25 February 1943 | birth_place = [[Liverpool]], England | death_date = {{death date|df=yes|2001|11|29}} (aged 58) | death_place = [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], U.S. | death_cause = [[Throat cancer]] which [[spread]] to the lungs | occupation = {{hlist|Musician|singer-songwriter|music and film producer}} | years_active = 1958–2001 | spouse = {{unbulleted list|{{marriage|[[Pattie Boyd]]|1966|1977|end=divorced}}|{{marriage|[[Olivia Harrison|Olivia Arias]]|1978<!--Per Template:Marriage instructions, year is omitted when marriage ends by death of subject of article-->}}}} | children = [[Dhani Harrison]] | website = {{URL|georgeharrison.com}} | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | background = solo_singer | genre = {{hlist|[[Rock music|Rock]]|[[Pop music|pop]]|[[Indian classical music|Indian classical]]}} | instrument = {{hlist|Guitar|vocals|sitar}}<!--- If you think an instrument should be listed, a discussion to reach consensus is needed first per: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Infobox_musical_artist#instrument---> | label = {{hlist|[[Parlophone]]|[[Capitol Records|Capitol]]|[[Swan Records|Swan]]|[[Apple Records|Apple]]|[[Vee-Jay Records|Vee-Jay]]|[[Dark Horse Records|Dark Horse]]|[[All Things Must Pass#2001|Gnome]]}} | past_member_of = [[The Quarrymen]], [[The Beatles]], [[Traveling Wilburys]] }} | signature = George Harrison signature.svg | signature_size = 150px }} '''George Harold Harrison''' [[Order of the British Empire|<small>MBE</small>]] (25 February 1943 – {{death date|df=yes|2001|11|29}}) was an English musician. He is best known as the lead guitarist of [[the Beatles]].<ref>{{Pop Chronicles|28}}</ref> After the group broke up in 1970, he had a solo career. He made many albums and worked with other musicians including [[Eric Clapton]], [[Bob Dylan]], [[Phil Spector]], [[Roy Orbison]], [[Tom Petty]], and [[Ravi Shankar]]. He was also interested in Eastern [[mysticism]] and [[Charitable organization|charitable causes]]. == Early life == Harrison was born on 25 February 1943, at 12 Arnold Grove in Wavertree, [[Liverpool]], He was youngest of four children of Harold Hargreaves (or Hargrove) Harrison and Louise Harrison, He had one sister and two brothers. == Solo music == George's best-known album was ''[[All Things Must Pass]],'' which he made just after the Beatles broke up. Harrison owned a [[mansion]] in England called Friar Park, where he lived from 1970 until he died. He built his own [[recording studio]] inside the mansion, which for a time was better than [[Abbey Road Studios]], where the Beatles had made their records. Having a private studio meant Harrison could work on songs and recordings anytime he wanted. [[Ravi Shankar]] came to Harrison during 1971 with news about a war in [[Bangladesh]], where thousands of people had died and millions more were [[refugee]]s and starving. Shankar asked for Harrison's help to give a [[:wikt:benefit|benefit]] show to buy food for them. Harrison called on many of his musician friends, who put together a charity concert with famous people to help the refugees. The ''Concert for Bangla Desh'', a live recording, became a best-selling album, raised money for the refugees, and brought worldwide attention to the problems in their country. It also inspired later benefits, including [[Live Aid]] in the 1980s. Harrison found a new musical partner in the 1980s, when [[Jeff Lynne]] of [[Electric Light Orchestra]] began to write and record songs with him. The two men worked well together and became close friends. Harrison and Lynne formed another band, the Traveling Wilburys, with fellow musicians [[Bob Dylan]], [[Tom Petty]], and [[Roy Orbison]]. The Traveling Wilburys recorded two albums, which became hits. == Personal life == In 1966, Harrison married a [[Model (person)|model]], Pattie Boyd, but they were divorced in 1971, and had no children. Boyd left Harrison to be with his friend, guitarist [[Eric Clapton]], but all three were never friends. Harrison married again in 1978, to American-born Olivia Trinidad Arias, who had worked for his record company. Arias became the mother of Harrison's son Dhani, whose name is comprised of the names of two notes in the Indian music scale. Dhani grew up to be a musician like his father, fronting the band thenewno2. He went to [[Brown University]] in the United States. In the late 1970s Harrison formed a movie production company, [[Handmade Films]], which produced movies including [[Monty Python]]'s ''[[Life of Brian]]'' and [[Terry Gilliam]]'s ''[[Time Bandits]]''. The grounds of Harrison's home, Friar Park, had been more or less open to the public, until the murder of his former bandmate [[John Lennon]] late in 1980. Harrison was very hurt and shocked by Lennon's death, and was afraid someone might try to harm him or his family. Afterwards, the gates were locked, and no-entry notices were posted. In December, 1999, an intruder broke into his home, stabbing him with a knife. Harrison and his wife Olivia stopped the intruder and called the police. Harrison recovered. The man who attacked him is [[schizophrenic]] and was acquitted of [[attempted murder]] by reason of [[insanity]] in November 2000 at [[Oxford]] [[Crown Court]]. He was sent to a [[mental hospital]] and released in 2002.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2096082.stm Attacker sorry]</ref> == Death == In the 1990s, decades of [[smoking]] [[cigarette]]s caused Harrison to develop [[throat cancer]]. He later developed [[lung cancer]], which caused his death in 2001. His family issued a last statement from him: "Everything else can wait, but the search for [[God]] cannot wait, and love one another." Even music was not as important to Harrison as his wanting people to learn to get along with each other, and to make the world a better place. A year after Harrison's death, Jeff Lynne, Dhani Harrison, the two remaining Beatles ([[Paul McCartney]] and [[Ringo Starr]]), and other musicians held the ''Concert for George'', which remembered Harrison's music, his life, and his gifts to humanity. All the profits from the concert were given to charity. == Best-known songs == === In the Beatles === * "I Need You" (appeared in the movie ''Help!'') * "If I Needed Someone" * "Taxman" * "Within You, Without You" (a [[raga]] from ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]'') * "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" * "Something" * "Here Comes the Sun" * "I Me Mine" (featured in the movie ''[[Let It Be]]'') === Solo === * "What is Life" * "My Sweet Lord" * "Give Me Love (Give Me Peace On Earth)" * "Ding Dong: Ding Dong" (a [[New Year's Eve]] [[:wikt:perennial|perennial]]) * "Crackerbox Palace" (named for [[Lord Buckley]]'s former home in [[California]]) * "Blow Away" * "All Those Years Ago" (a tribute to [[John Lennon]]; the recording featured [[Ringo Starr]], [[Paul McCartney]] and [[Linda McCartney]]) * "Got My Mind Set on You" ==Notes== {{wikiquote}} {{reflist}} {{The Beatles}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Harrison, George}} [[Category:1943 births]] [[Category:2001 deaths]] [[Category:Cancer deaths in Los Angeles]] [[Category:Deaths from throat cancer]] [[Category:Deaths from lung cancer]] [[Category:English guitarists]] [[Category:The Beatles members]] [[Category:Former Roman Catholics]] ni2rx6iygc9fv1d8uk7vr1sqi9snwru 0 7788 10369371 10295957 2025-07-03T10:42:45Z 174.98.170.14 /* 1901 &ndash; 1950 */ 10369371 wikitext text/x-wiki {{day}} == Events == === Up to 1900 === * [[1066]] &ndash; [[Norman Conquest]]: [[Battle of Hastings]] – In [[England]] on Senlac Hill, seven miles from [[Hastings]], the [[Normandy|Norman]] invasion forces of [[William I of England|William the Conqueror]] defeat the English army and kill King [[Harold II of England]]. * [[1322]] &ndash; [[Robert I of Scotland|Robert the Bruce]] of [[Scotland]] defeats King [[Edward II of England]] at Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's independence. * [[1582]] &ndash; Due to the implementation of the [[Gregorian calendar]] this day does not exist in this year in [[Italy]], [[Poland]], [[Portugal]] and [[Spain]]. * [[1586]] &ndash; [[Mary, Queen of Scots]] goes on trial for conspiracy against Queen [[Elizabeth I of England]]. * [[1651]] &ndash; Laws are passed in [[Massachusetts]] forbidding poor people from adopting excessive styles of dress. * [[1656]] &ndash; [[Massachusetts]] enacts the first [[punitive]] legislation against [[Quakers]]. The marriage of church–and–state in [[Puritanism]] makes them regard the ritual–free Quakers as spiritually apostate and politically [[Subversion|subversive]]. * [[1773]] &ndash; The first recorded [[ministry of education]], the [[Commission of National Education]], is formed in [[Poland]]. * [[1773]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]]: [[Britain]]'s [[East India Company]] tea ships' cargo is burned at [[Annapolis, Maryland]]. * [[1806]] &ndash; [[Battle of Jena-Auerstädt]]. * [[1808]] &ndash; The [[Republic of Ragusa]] is annexed by [[France]]. * [[1812]] &ndash; A digest of [[Pennsylvania]] laws could not bring itself to print the word "buggery," instead printing it as "B_GG__Y." * [[1812]] &ndash; Work on [[London]]'s [[Regent's Canal]] starts. * [[1813]] &ndash; [[Bavaria]] declares [[war]] on [[France]]. * [[1834]] &ndash; In [[Philadelphia]], [[Whigs]] and [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] stage a gun, stone and brick battle for control of a [[Moyamensing Township]] election, resulting in one death, several injuries, and the burning down of a block of buildings. * [[1835]] &ndash; John Templeton, John Moore, Stanley Cuthbart and Ellen Ritchie were charged in Wheeling, Virginia with illegally teaching blacks to read. * [[1840]] &ndash; [[Maronite]] leader [[Bashir II]] surrenders to the British forces and goes into exile in [[Malta]]. * [[1843]] &ndash; The British arrest Irish nationalist [[Daniel O'Connell]] for conspiracy to commit crimes. * [[1863]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Battle of Bristol Station]] – [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] General [[Robert E. Lee]] forces fail to drive the [[Union Army]] out of [[Virginia]]. * [[1865]] &ndash; [[Cheyennes]] and [[Arapahos]] signed a treaty with the U.S. at a camp on the Little Arkansas River in [[Kansas]]. However, none of the parties to the treaty abided by it. * [[1878]] &ndash; The first [[Soccer|football]] match under flood lights is played in [[Sheffield]], [[England]]. * [[1881]] &ndash; 189 fisherman are killed in a [[storm]] off [[Eyemouth]], [[Scotland]]. * [[1882]] &ndash; The [[University of the Punjab]] is founded in a part of [[India]] that is now part of [[Pakistan]]. * [[1888]] &ndash; French [[inventor]] [[Louis Le Prince]] films the "Roundhay Garden Scene", the earliest–surviving motion picture in Roundhay, [[Leeds]], [[England]]. === 1901 &ndash; 1950 === * [[1910]] &ndash; The English aviator [[Claude Graham-White]] lands his Farman [[biplane]] on the Executive Avenue near the [[White House]] in [[Washington, DC]]. * [[1912]] &ndash; While campaigning in [[Milwaukee, Wisconsin]], former US President [[Theodore Roosevelt]] is shot by saloonkeeper [[John Schrank]]. With a fresh wound and the bullet still in him, Roosevelt still delivers his scheduled speech. * [[1913]] &ndash; The Senghennydd Colliery disaster kills 439 people in South [[Wales]]. It is the [[UK]]'s worst mining disaster. * [[1913]] &ndash; The [[New Mexico]] Supreme Court upholds a [[sodomy]] conviction. Ex Parte DeVore, 136 P. 47. * [[1915]] &ndash; [[World War I]]: The [[Kingdom of Bulgaria]] joins with the Central Powers. * [[1916]] &ndash; Sophomore tackle and guard [[Paul Robeson]] is excluded from the [[Rutgers]] football team when Washington and Lee Universities refuse to play against a black person. * [[1920]] &ndash; Part of [[Petsamo]] Province is ceded by the [[Soviet Union]] to [[Finland]]. * [[1925]] &ndash; Anti–French uprising in French–occupied [[Damascus]], [[Syria]]. * [[1926]] &ndash; The [[children's literature|children's book]] ''[[Winnie-the-Pooh]]'', by [[A. A. Milne]], is first published. * [[1927]] &ndash; The [[California]] Court of Appeals, in upholding a [[sodomy]] conviction, rules that corroborative evidence could be circumstantial in nature. * [[1933]] &ndash; [[Nazi Germany]] withdraws from the [[League of Nations]]. * [[1939]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: The German U–boat U 47 sinks the battleship HMS ''Royal Oak'' in Scapa Flow, [[Orkney]]. * [[1940]] &ndash; The [[Balham Underground Station]] Disaster occurs in [[London]] during the [[Luftwaffe]] raids on the city. * [[1942]] &ndash; Canadian [[passenger]] [[ferry]] ''Caribou'' is torpedoed off [[Newfoundland]] by German U–boat ''U-69''. * [[1943]] &ndash; [[José P. Laurel]] becomes [[President]] of the [[Philippines]]. * [[1944]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: Given the choice between a public treason trial and a certain [[death by firing squad]] or [[suicide]] with honor, [[Germany|German]] Field Marshal [[Erwin Rommel]] chooses the latter. * [[1947]] &ndash; [[Chuck Yeager]] flies a [[Bell X-1]] faster than the [[speed of sound]], the first man to do so in level flight. * [[1949]] &ndash; Eleven leaders of the U.S. [[Communist Party]] are convicted, after a nine–month trial, of conspiring to advocate the violent overthrow of the U.S. government. Ten defendants are sentenced to 5 years in prison each, and the eleventh to 3 years. [[The Supreme Court]] upheld the convictions on June 4, 1951. === 1951 &ndash; 2000 === * [[1952]] &ndash; [[Korean War]]: [[UN]] and [[South Korea]]n forces launch [[Operation Showdown]] against [[China|Chinese]] strongholds in the Iron Triangle, resulting in the deadliest battle of 1952. * [[1953]] &ndash; The [[Qibya massacre]] was carried out by [[Israel]]i troops in a [[West Bank]] village. * [[1955]] &ndash; [[Jim Henson]] creates [[Kermit the Frog]]. * [[1955]] &ndash; [[Vienna]]'s Burgtheater [[theatre]] re–opens, after [[World War II]]. * [[1957]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth II]] opens an annual session of [[Canada]]'s [[parliament]]. * [[1958]] &ndash; The [[Anshai Emath Reform Jewish Temple]] in [[Peoria, Illinois]] was damaged by a crude bomb. * [[1958]] &ndash; The U.S. conducts an underground nuclear weapon test at the [[Nevada Test Site]]. * [[1958]] &ndash; The [[District of Columbia Bar Association]] votes to accept black Americans as members. * [[1960]] &ndash; U.S. presidential candidate [[John F. Kennedy]] first suggests the idea for the [[Peace Corps]]. * [[1962]] &ndash; [[Cuban Missile Crisis]] begins: A [[Lockheed U-2|U-2]] flight over [[Cuba]] takes photos of Soviet [[nuclear weapon]]s being installed. * [[1964]] &ndash; [[Leonid Brezhnev]] becomes general secretary of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|CPSU]] and leader of the [[Soviet Union]], ousting [[Nikita Khrushchev]]. * [[1964]] &ndash; [[American civil rights movement]] leader Dr. [[Martin Luther King, Jr]] becomes the youngest recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]]. * [[1966]] &ndash; The city of [[Montreal]] inaugurates its [[metro]] system (see [[Montreal Metro]]). * [[1967]] &ndash; [[Vietnam War]]: Folk singer [[Joan Baez]] is arrested in a blockade of the military induction center in [[Oakland, California]]. * [[1968]] &ndash; [[Vietnam War]]: 27 soldiers are arrested at the [[Presidio]] in [[San Francisco]] for their peaceful protest of stockade conditions and the Vietnam War. Charged with mutiny, their long prison sentences are later reduced to two years. * [[1968]] &ndash; [[Vietnam War]]: The [[United States Department of Defense]] announces that the [[United States Army]] and [[United States Marines]] will be sending about 24,000 troops back to [[Vietnam]] for involuntary second tours. * [[1969]] &ndash; [[Olof Palme]] becomes [[Prime Minister]] of [[Sweden]]. * [[1969]] &ndash; The [[United Kingdom]] introduces the 50 [[pence]] [[coin]]. * [[1970]] &ndash; The U.S. conducts an underground nuclear weapon test at the Nevada Test Site. * [[1971]] &ndash; Two people are killed in a Memphis, Tennessee race riot. * [[1971]] &ndash; The U.S. conducts an underground nuclear weapon test at the Nevada Test Site. * [[1973]] &ndash; In the Thammasat [[Student]] Uprising over 100,000 people in [[Thailand]] protest against the [[Thanom Kittikachorn]] [[military]] [[government]]. 77 are killed and 857 are injured by [[soldier]]s. * [[1979]] &ndash; The first [[Gay Rights]] March on [[Washington, D.C.]] demands "an end to all social, economic, judicial, and legal oppression of lesbian and gay people," drawing 200,000 people. * [[1981]] &ndash; Citing official misconduct in the investigation and trial, [[Amnesty International]] charges the U.S. government with holding [[Richard Marshall]] of the [[American Indian Movement]] as a political prisoner. * [[1981]] &ndash; Vice President [[Hosni Mubarak]] is elected [[President]] of [[Egypt]] one week after [[Anwar Sadat]] was [[Assassination|assassinated]]. * [[1982]] &ndash; [[Ronald Reagan]] declares [[War on Drugs]]. * [[1983]] &ndash; [[Maurice Bishop]], [[Prime Minister]] of [[Grenada]], is overthrown and later executed in a [[military]] [[coup d'état]]. * [[1985]] &ndash; [[U.S. Attorney General]] [[Edwin Meese]] says in [[U.S. News & World Report]], "If a person is innocent of a crime, then he is not a suspect." * [[1987]] &ndash; 18–month–old [[Jessica McClure]] ("Baby Jessica") falls down an abandoned well in [[Midland, Texas]] (her nationally televised rescue takes 58 hours). * [[1991]] &ndash; [[Aung San Suu Kyi]] wins the [[Nobel Peace Prize]]. * [[1994]] &ndash; [[Yitzhak Rabin]], [[Shimon Peres]] and [[Yasser Arafat]] win the [[Nobel Peace Prize]]. * [[1998]] &ndash; [[Eric Robert Rudolph]] is charged with 6 bombings including the 1996 [[Centennial Olympic Park bombing]] in [[Atlanta, Georgia]]. * [[1999]] &ndash; The South Carolina Supreme Court rules that the video poker machines in the state must be unplugged by [[June 30]], [[2000]]. === From 2001 === * [[2001]] &ndash; Delta Flight 458 from [[Atlanta]] to [[Newark, New Jersey]], is diverted to Charlotte–Douglas International Airport, and passengers are taken off the flight while officials investigate a report of two "Middle Eastern men" making threats in a foreign [[tongue]]. It turned out to be two Orthodox Jews who were praying peacefully. * [[2003]] &ndash; [[Gyude Bryant]] becomes interim [[President]] of [[Liberia]]. * [[2006]] &ndash; The [[UN]] imposes sanctions against [[North Korea]] for its nuclear weapons test on [[October 9]]. * [[2010]] &ndash; [[Mark Rutte]] becomes [[Prime Minister]] of the [[Netherlands]]. * [[2010]] &ndash; The [[2010 Commonwealth Games]] in [[Delhi]] end. * [[2012]] &ndash; [[Felix Baumgartner]] becomes the first person to free–fall faster than the speed of [[sound]], as he jumps from the [[stratosphere]] over [[Roswell, New Mexico|Roswell]], [[New Mexico]]. * [[2017]] &ndash; A [[bomb]] attack in [[Somalia]]'s capital [[Mogadishu]] kills over 350 people. * [[2017]] &ndash; The first [[commercial aviation|commercial]] flight lands on the South Atlantic island of [[Saint Helena]], coming from [[Johannesburg]] ([[South Africa]]) via [[Windhoek]] ([[Namibia]]). * [[2019]] &ndash; [[Esther Duflo]] becomes the youngest and second female winner of the [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences]], sharing it with [[Abhijit Banerjee]] and [[Michael Kremer]]. * [[2019]] &ndash; In [[Spain]], long jail sentences are given to several politicians from [[Catalonia]] for their part in planning the [[Catalan independence referendum, 2017]]. * [[2019]] &ndash; [[2019 Chilean protests]]: Major protests begin in [[Chile]] over fuel and transport prices and inequality. == Births == === Up to 1900 === * [[1254]] &ndash; King [[Przemysl II of Poland]] (d. [[1296]]) * [[1404]] &ndash; [[Marie of Anjou]], [[Queen]] of [[France]] (d. [[1463]]) * [[1465]] &ndash; [[Konrad Peutinger]], German jurist and [[Humanism|humanist]] (d. [[1547]]) * [[1493]] &ndash; [[Shimazu Tadayoshi]], Japanese [[daimyo]] (d. [[1568]]) * [[1542]] &ndash; [[Akbar the Great]], [[Mughal Empire|Mughal Emperor]] (d. [[1605]]) * [[1630]] &ndash; [[Sophia of Hanover]], heir to the British throne (d. [[1714]]) * [[1633]] &ndash; King [[James II of England]]/[[James VII of Scotland]] (d. [[1701]]) * [[1634]] &ndash; Emperor [[Bahadur Shah I of India]] (d. [[1712]]) * [[1641]] &ndash; [[Joachim Tielke]], German [[instrument]] maker (d. [[1719]]) * [[1644]] &ndash; [[William Penn]], founder of [[Pennsylvania]] (d. [[1718]]) * [[1712]] &ndash; [[George Grenville]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister of Great Britain]] (d. [[1770]]) * [[1784]] &ndash; King [[Ferdinand VII of Spain]] (d. [[1833]]) * [[1790]] &ndash; [[Thursday October Christian I]], son of [[Fletcher Christian]] (d. [[1831]]) * [[1801]] &ndash; [[Joseph Plateau]], Belgian [[physicist]] and photo pioneer (d. [[1883]]) * [[1801]] &ndash; [[Armand Trousseau]], French economist (d. [[1867]]) * [[1806]] &ndash; [[Preston King]], American politician (d. [[1865]]) * [[1824]] &ndash; [[Adolphe Joseph Thomas Monticelli]], French painter (d. [[1886]]) * [[1840]] &ndash; [[Dmitry Pisarev]], Russian [[writer]] (d. [[1868]]) * [[1844]] &ndash; [[John See]], English–Australian politician, 14th [[Premier of New South Wales]] (d. [[1907]]) * [[1853]] &ndash; [[Ciprian Porumbescu]], Ukrainian–Romanian [[composer]] (d. [[1883]]) * [[1856]] &ndash; [[Louis Gustave Binger]], French explorer (d. [[1936]]) * [[1859]] &ndash; [[Camille Chevillard]], French [[composer]] and [[Conductor (music)|conductor]] (d. [[1923]]) * [[1872]] &ndash; [[Reginald Doherty]], English [[tennis]] player (d. [[1910]]) * [[1873]] &ndash; [[Ray Ewry]], American jumper (d. [[1937]]) * [[1873]] &ndash; [[Jules Rimet]], French football administrator (d. [[1954]]) * [[1879]] &ndash; [[Miles Franklin]], Australian writer (d. [[1954]]) * [[1882]] &ndash; [[Eamon de Valera]], Irish [[statesman]], [[President of Ireland]] (d. [[1975]]) * [[1887]] &ndash; [[Carlo Grano]], Italian [[cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] (d. [[1976]]) * [[1888]] &ndash; [[Katherine Mansfield]], New Zealand writer (d. [[1923]]) * [[1890]] &ndash; [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]], 34th [[President of the United States]] (d. [[1969]]) * [[1890]] &ndash; [[Louis Delluc]], French [[Movie director|director]], [[screenwriter]] and writer (d. [[1924]]) * [[1892]] &ndash; [[Andrey Yeryomenko]], Marshal of the [[Soviet Union]] (d. [[1970]]) * [[1893]] &ndash; [[Lillian Gish]], American actress (d. [[1993]]) * [[1894]] &ndash; [[Heinrich Lübke]], second [[President of Germany|President of the Federal Republic of Germany]] (d. [[1972]]) * [[1894]] &ndash; [[E. E. Cummings]], American writer and poet (d. [[1962]]) * [[1900]] &ndash; [[W. Edwards Deming]], American statistician, educator and writer (d. [[1993]]) === 1901 &ndash; 1950 === * [[1902]] &ndash; [[Learco Guerra]], Italian cyclist (d. [[1963]]) * [[1904]] &ndash; [[Christian Pineau]], French politician (d. [[1995]]) * [[1905]] &ndash; [[Benny Yorston]], Scottish [[footballer]] (d. [[1977]]) * [[1906]] &ndash; [[Hannah Arendt]], German political theorist and writer (d. [[1975]]) * [[1906]] &ndash; Imam [[Hassan al-Banna]], Egyptian religious figure (d. [[1949]]) * [[1908]] &ndash; [[Ruth Hale]], American [[actress]] and [[playwright]] (d. [[2003]]) * [[1909]] &ndash; [[Dorothy Kingsley]], American [[screenwriter]] and [[producer]] (d. [[1996]]) * [[1909]] &ndash; [[Bernd Rosemeyer]], German racing driver (d. [[1938]]) * [[1910]] &ndash; [[John Wooden]], American [[basketball]] player and coach (d. [[2010]]) * [[1911]] &ndash; [[Le Duc Tho]], Vietnamese politician (d. [[1990]]) * [[1914]] &ndash; [[Raymond Davis, Jr.]], American [[physicist]] (d. [[2006]]) * [[1915]] &ndash; [[Loris Francesco Capovilla]], Italian [[archbishop]] (d. [[2016]]) * [[1916]] &ndash; [[C. Everett Koop]], American politician and spokesperson (d. [[2013]]) * [[1918]] &ndash; [[Thelma Coyne Long]], Australian [[tennis]] player (d. [[2015]]) * [[1923]] &ndash; [[Joel Barnett, Baron Barnett]], English politician (d. [[2014]]) * [[1924]] &ndash; [[Robert Webber]], American actor (d. [[1989]]) * [[1927]] &ndash; [[Roger Moore]], English actor (d. [[2017]]) * [[1929]] &ndash; [[Norbert Gastell]], Argentine–German actor (d. [[2015]]) * [[1930]] &ndash; [[Robert Parker (singer)|Robert Parker]], American [[singer]] and saxophonist * [[1930]] &ndash; [[Alan Williams]], Welsh politician (d. [[2014]]) * [[1930]] &ndash; [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], [[President]] of [[Zaire]] (d. [[1997]]) * [[1931]] &ndash; [[Nikhil Banerjee]], Indian [[sitar]]ist and [[composer]] (d. [[1986]]) * [[1932]] &ndash; [[Enrico Di Giuseppe]], American [[tenor]] (d. [[2005]]) * [[1932]] &ndash; [[Anatoly Larkin]], Russian–American [[physicist]] (d. [[2005]]) * [[1936]] &ndash; [[Hans Kraay Sr.]], Dutch [[footballer]] (d. [[2017]]) * [[1936]] &ndash; [[Jürg Schubiger]], Swiss psychotherapist and writer (d. [[2014]]) * [[1938]] &ndash; [[Farah Pahlavi]], [[Emperor|Empress]] of [[Iran]] * [[1939]] &ndash; [[Litokwa Tomeing]], former [[President]] of the [[Marshall Islands]] * [[1939]] &ndash; [[Ralph Lauren]], American fashion designer * [[1940]] &ndash; [[Cliff Richard]], English singer * [[1940]] &ndash; [[Christopher Timothy]], Welsh [[actor]], [[Movie director|director]] and [[screenwriter]] * [[1941]] &ndash; [[Jerry Glanville]], [[American football]] player and coach * [[1945]] &ndash; [[Colin Hodgkinson]], English [[Bass guitar|bass]] player * [[1945]] &ndash; [[Lesley Joseph]], English actress * [[1946]] &ndash; [[Dan McCafferty]], Scottish musician * [[1946]] &ndash; [[Craig Venter]], American biologist * [[1946]] &ndash; [[François Bozizé]], former [[President]] of the [[Central African Republic]] * [[1949]] &ndash; [[Katy Manning]], English–Australian [[actress]] * [[1949]] &ndash; [[Dave Schultz]], Canadian [[ice hockey]] player and referee * [[1950]] &ndash; [[Joey Travolta]], American [[actor]], [[Movie director|director]] and [[producer]] === 1951 &ndash; 1975 === * [[1952]] &ndash; [[Harry Anderson]], American [[actor]] and [[screenwriter]] * [[1952]] &ndash; [[Nikolai Andrianov]], Russian [[Gymnastics|gymnast]] (d. [[2011]]) * [[1953]] &ndash; [[Aldo Maldera]], Italian footballer (d. [[2012]]) * [[1953]] &ndash; [[Shelley Ackermann]], American astrologer, [[actress]] and [[singer]] * [[1953]] &ndash; [[Greg Evigan]], American actor * [[1954]] &ndash; [[Carole Malone]], English [[journalist]] * [[1954]] &ndash; [[Mordechai Vanunu]], Israeli nuclear technician * [[1955]] &ndash; [[Arleen Sorkin]], American [[actress]], [[screenwriter]], presenter and [[comedian]] * [[1956]] &ndash; [[Beth Daniel]], American [[golf]]er * [[1958]] &ndash; [[Thomas Dolby]], English musician * [[1960]] &ndash; [[Steve Cram]], English athlete * [[1962]] &ndash; [[Jaan Ehlvest]], [[Estonia]]n [[chess]] player * [[1962]] &ndash; [[Chris Thomas King]], American [[blues]] [[musician]] and [[actor]] * [[1963]] &ndash; [[Yim Jae-beom]], South Korean [[singer]] * [[1963]] &ndash; [[Lori Petty]], American [[actress]], [[Movie director|director]] and [[screenwriter]] * [[1963]] &ndash; [[Alessandro Safina]], Italian [[tenor]] * [[1965]] &ndash; [[Steve Coogan]], English actor and comedian * [[1965]] &ndash; [[Alexei Devotchenko]], Russian [[actor]] and [[activist]] (d. [[2014]]) * [[1967]] &ndash; [[Pat Kelly]], American [[baseball]] player, coach and manager * [[1967]] &ndash; [[Sylvain Lefebvre]], Canadian [[ice hockey]] player and coach * [[1968]] &ndash; [[Matthew Le Tissier]], English [[footballer]] * [[1971]] &ndash; [[Jorge Costa]], Portuguese footballer * [[1971]] &ndash; [[Jyrki Katainen]], former [[Prime Minister]] of [[Finland]] * [[1972]] &ndash; [[Nyomi Banxxx]], American radio personality and pornographic actress * [[1974]] &ndash; [[Natalie Maines]], American musician ([[Dixie Chicks]]) * [[1975]] &ndash; [[Floyd Landis]], American cyclist * [[1975]] &ndash; [[Shaznay Lewis]], English singer === From 1976 === * [[1977]] &ndash; [[Bianca Beauchamp]], American [[Model (person)|model]] * [[1978]] &ndash; [[Paul Hunter]], English [[snooker]] player (d. [[2006]]) * [[1978]] &ndash; [[Steven Thompson]], Scottish footballer * [[1978]] &ndash; [[Usher (musician)|Usher]], American actor, singer and rapper * [[1979]] &ndash; [[Stacy Keibler]], American wrestler and actress * [[1979]] &ndash; [[Rodrigo Tello]], [[Chile]]an [[footballer]] * [[1980]] &ndash; [[Ben Whishaw]], English actor * [[1983]] &ndash; [[Lin Dan]], Chinese [[badminton]] player * [[1983]] &ndash; [[Betty Heidler]], German athlete * [[1984]] &ndash; [[Kevin Thomson]], Scottish footballer * [[1984]] &ndash; [[Karen Bardsley]], American–English [[footballer]] * [[1984]] &ndash; [[Alex Scott (footballer, born 1984)|Alex Scott]], English [[footballer]] * [[1986]] &ndash; [[Tom Craddock]], English [[footballer]] * [[1986]] &ndash; [[Skyler Shaye]], American [[actress]] * [[1987]] &ndash; [[Jay Pharaoh]], American [[comedian]] and [[actor]] * [[1988]] &ndash; [[Glenn Maxwell]], Australian [[cricket]]er * [[1988]] &ndash; [[Mario Titone]], Italian [[footballer]] * [[1988]] &ndash; [[Max Thieriot]], American actor * [[1988]] &ndash; [[Yusef Ali]], [[Qatar]]i [[footballer]] * [[1989]] &ndash; [[Mia Wasikowska]], Australian actress * [[1991]] &ndash; [[Shona McGarty]], English [[actress]] * [[1991]] &ndash; [[Andrea Duro]], Spanish [[actress]] * [[1992]] &ndash; [[Ahmed Musa]], [[Nigeria]]n [[footballer]] * [[1992]] &ndash; [[Savannah Outen]], American [[singer-songwriter]] * [[1992]] &ndash; [[Khagendra Thapa Magar]], [[Nepal]]ese world's smallest man * [[1999]] &ndash; [[Daniel Roche]], English actor * [[2001]] &ndash; [[Rowan Blanchard]], American [[actress]] == Deaths == === Up to 1900 === * [[222]] &ndash; [[Pope Callixtus I]] * [[1066]] &ndash; [[Harold Godwinson]], English king (b. [[1022]]) * [[1092]] &ndash; [[Nizam al-Mulk]], [[Persia]]n scholar and politician (b. [[1018]]) * [[1217]] &ndash; [[Isabel, Countess of Gloucester]] (b. [[1173]]) * [[1318]] &ndash; [[Edward Bruce]], Irish king (b. [[1280]]) * [[1552]] &ndash; [[Oswald Myconius]], Swiss religious reformer (b. [[1488]]) * [[1565]] &ndash; [[Thomas Chaloner]], English [[poet]] and [[politician]] (b. [[1521]]) * [[1610]] &ndash; [[Amago Yoshihisa]], Japanese [[samurai]] (b. [[1540]]) * [[1619]] &ndash; [[Samuel Daniel]], English [[poet]] and [[historian]] (b. [[1562]]) * [[1637]] &ndash; [[Gabriella Chiabrera]], Italian [[poet]] (b. [[1552]]) * [[1669]] &ndash; [[Antonio Cesti]], Italian organist and [[composer]] (b. [[1623]]) * [[1703]] &ndash; [[Thomas Kingo]], Danish [[bishop]] and [[poet]] (b. [[1634]]) * [[1711]] &ndash; [[Tewoflos]], [[Emperor]] of [[Ethiopia]] (b. [[1708]]) * [[1758]] &ndash; [[James Francis Edward Keith]], Scottish–[[Prussia]]n field marshal (b. [[1696]]) * [[1758]] &ndash; [[Wilhelmine of Prussia, Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth]] (b. [[1709]]) * [[1792]] &ndash; [[Sophie Charlotte Ackermann]], German actress (b. [[1714]]) * [[1831]] &ndash; [[Jean-Louis Pons]], French [[astronomer]] (b. [[1761]]) * [[1880]] &ndash; [[Victorio]], Mexican tribal chief (b. [[1825]]) === 1901 &ndash; 2000 === * [[1911]] &ndash; [[John Marshall Harlan]], American [[lawyer]] and [[politician]] (b. [[1833]]) * [[1923]] &ndash; [[Marcellus Emants]], Dutch–Swiss writer, [[poet]] and [[playwright]] (b. [[1848]]) * [[1929]] &ndash; [[Henri Berger]], German [[composer]] and [[bandleader]] (b. [[1844]]) * [[1944]] &ndash; [[Erwin Rommel]], German military figure (b. [[1891]]) * [[1950]] &ndash; [[Antonio Maria da Silva]], [[Prime Minister]] of [[Portugal]] (b. [[1872]]) * [[1953]] &ndash; [[Emile Sarrade]], French [[rugby]] player and tug–of–war competitor (b. [[1877]]) * [[1958]] &ndash; [[Douglas Mawson]], Australian Antarctic explorer (b. [[1881]]) * [[1959]] &ndash; [[Errol Flynn]], Australian actor (b. [[1909]]) * [[1961]] &ndash; [[Paul Ramadier]], 129th [[Prime Minister of France]] (b. [[1888]]) * [[1961]] &ndash; [[Harriet Shaw Weaver]], English [[journalist]] and [[activist]] (b. [[1876]]) * [[1965]] &ndash; [[William Hogenson]], American sprinter (b. [[1884]]) * [[1969]] &ndash; [[Haguroyama Masaji]], Japanese [[sumo]] wrestler (b. [[1914]]) * [[1977]] &ndash; [[Bing Crosby]], American singer and actor (b. [[1903]]) * [[1984]] &ndash; [[Martin Ryle]], English [[radio]] [[astronomer]] (b. [[1918]]) * [[1986]] &ndash; [[Keenan Wynn]], American [[actor]] (b. [[1916]]) * [[1989]] &ndash; [[Michael Carmine]], American [[actor]] and [[singer]] (b. [[1959]]) * [[1990]] &ndash; [[Leonard Bernstein]], American composer (b. [[1918]]) * [[1992]] &ndash; [[Willie Waddell]], Scottish [[footballer]] (b. [[1921]]) * [[1997]] &ndash; [[Harold Robbins]], American writer (b. [[1916]]) * [[1998]] &ndash; [[Frankie Yankovic]], American [[polka]] musician (b. [[1915]]) * [[1999]] &ndash; [[Julius Nyerere]], 1st [[President]] of [[Tanzania]] (b. [[1922]]) === From 2001 === * [[2001]] &ndash; [[David Lewis (philosopher)|David Lewis]], American [[philosopher]] (b. [[1941]]) * [[2002]] &ndash; [[Norbert Schultze]], German [[composer]] (b. [[1911]]) * [[2003]] &ndash; [[Moktar Ould Daddah]], first [[President of Mauritania]] (b. [[1924]]) * [[2004]] &ndash; [[Juan Francisco Fresno]], [[Chile]]an [[archbishop]] and [[cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] (b. [[1872]]) * [[2007]] &ndash; [[Bob Denard]], French mercenary (b. [[1929]]) * [[2007]] &ndash; [[Big Moe]], American [[rapper]] (b. [[1974]]) * [[2007]] &ndash; [[Raymond Pellegrin]], French [[actor]] (b. [[1925]]) * [[2009]] &ndash; [[Lou Albano]], American [[professional wrestler]] (b. [[1933]]) * [[2010]] &ndash; [[Benoit Mandelbrot]], French–American [[mathematician]] (b. [[1924]]) * [[2010]] &ndash; [[Simon MacCorkindale]], English actor (b. [[1952]]) * [[2010]] &ndash; [[Hermann Scheer]], German politician (b. [[1944]]) * [[2012]] &ndash; [[Arlen Specter]], American politician (b. [[1930]]) * [[2013]] &ndash; [[Bruno Metsu]], French [[footballer]] and [[coach (sport)|coach]] (b. [[1954]]) * [[2014]] &ndash; [[Isaiah "Ikey" Owens]], American [[keyboardist]] (b. [[1975]]) * [[2014]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth Peña]], American actress (b. [[1959]]) * [[2015]] &ndash; [[Nurlan Balgimbayev]], [[Prime Minister]] of [[Kazakhstan]] (b. [[1948]]) * [[2015]] &ndash; [[Mathieu Kérékou]], [[President]] of [[Benin]] (b. [[1933]]) * [[2015]] &ndash; [[Jordi Miralles]], Spanish [[politician]] (b. [[1962]]) * [[2015]] &ndash; [[Robert M. White]], American [[Meteorology|meteorologist]] (b. [[1923]]) * [[2016]] &ndash; [[Jean Alexander]], English [[actress]] (b. [[1926]]) * [[2017]] &ndash; [[Wolfgang Bötsch]], German politician (b. [[1938]]) * [[2017]] &ndash; [[Richard Wilbur]], American poet (b. [[1921]]) * [[2018]] &ndash; [[Robert Bushby]], American aircraft designer (b. [[1927]]) * [[2018]] &ndash; [[Per Theodor Haugen]], Norwegian actor (b. [[1932]]) * [[2018]] &ndash; [[Mel Ramos]], American artist (b. [[1935]]) * [[2018]] &ndash; [[Valeriy Shmarov]], Ukrainian politician (b. [[1945]]) * [[2019]] &ndash; [[Harold Bloom]], American writer and literary critic (b. [[1930]]) * [[2019]] &ndash; [[Bohdan Butenko]], Polish cartoonist (b. [[1931]]) * [[2019]] &ndash; [[Emmett Chappelle]], American scientist (b. [[1925]]) * [[2019]] &ndash; [[Louis Frey Jr.]], American politician (b. [[1934]]) * [[2019]] &ndash; [[Anke Fuchs]], German politician (b. [[1937]]) * [[2019]] &ndash; [[Rosemary Harris (writer)|Rosemary Harris]], English writer (b. [[1923]]) * [[2019]] &ndash; [[Baby Saroja]], Indian actress (b. [[1931]]) * [[2019]] &ndash; [[Jeffrey Spalding]], Canadian painter (b. [[1951]]) * [[2019]] &ndash; [[Sulli]], South Korean singer, actress and model (b. [[1994]]) == Observances == * National Education Day ([[Poland]]) * [[Julius Nyerere|Nyerere]] Day ([[Tanzania]]) * World Standards Day * Mother's Day ([[Belarus]]) [[Category:Days of the year]] no0evdyncnfoqkjzq7vtkl9j7js4onp 0 9159 10367614 10191733 2025-07-02T12:38:49Z Steven1991 1522289 Tag addition + image inclusion 10367614 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Restructure|date=July 2025}} [[Image:Baltic states.svg|300px|thumb|right|A map showing the location of the three Baltic states]][[File:Baltic States’ Flags in Riga Old Town, May 2024.jpg|thumb|Baltic states’ flags in Riga Old Town, Latvia, May 2024.]] The '''Baltic states''' are three [[country|countries]] in [[Northern Europe]] to the east of the [[Baltic Sea]] and the south of the [[Gulf of Finland]]. They are, from north to south, [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]] and [[Lithuania]]. The [[language]]s that are spoken in these countries are different: while [[Lithuanians]] and [[Latvians]] speak [[Baltic languages]] ([[Latvian language|Latvian]] and [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]]), [[Estonians]] speak an [[Uralic language]] ([[Estonian language|Estonian]]). By their [[culture]] and [[history]], the Baltic countries are close to the [[Nordic countries]] and were sometimes ruled by the [[Swedish Empire]]. The biggest difference in the history was that the Baltic countries incorporated to the [[Soviet Union]] in 1940 (during the [[Second World War]]), but not the Nordic countries (with the exception of [[Karelia]], a part of [[Finland]] which later joined the [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]]). The three countries would become [[republics of the Soviet Union]] as the [[Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic|Estonian SSR]], [[Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic|Latvian SSR]], and [[Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic|Lithuanian SSR]]. All three Baltic states had their freedom back in 1991, when the Soviet Union [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|came to an end]]. However, the states all consider the Soviet occupation to be illegal, which has been supported by the [[United States]], [[European Union]], and [[United Nations]]. Today, the Baltic countries are some of the richest and most advanced countries which were part of the Soviet Union. They became members of the [[European Union]] and [[NATO]] in 2004, joined the [[Schengen Area]] in 2007, and became part of the [[eurozone]] by 2015. [[Baltic paganism|Paganism]] was the [[religion]] of Baltic people before most of them took [[Christianity]] during the [[Middle Ages]]. Baltic paganism never died out and some people are still [[pagan]]s. {{eu-stub}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Baltic states| ]] sr27crcs6a30uw2v4jalugu4b21mcmu 0 9386 10369222 10321402 2025-07-03T08:30:25Z Wtt2 1636082 10369222 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:US Flag color blind.png|thumb|This illustration from 1895 shows the US flag as it seen by those with normal [[vision]], and also those with different types of color blindness]] '''Color blindness'''<ref>another term is '''color vision deficiency'''.</ref> makes people not unable to tell the difference between certain [[color]]s. In very rare cases, they may not see colors at all. Most color blindness is [[heritable|inherited]], usually as simple [[Mendelian inheritance]]. Sometimes, however it is the result of damage to the [[eye]]s, [[nerve]]s, or the [[brain]] that can be caused by coming into contact with certain [[chemical]]s. Most color blindness is [[wikt:permanent|permanent]], but some conditions can lead to [[wikt:temporary|temporary]] color blindness. During certain kinds of [[migraine]], people can be unable to tell the difference between certain colors. There is no treatment cure for permanent color blindness. Males are much more likely to have color blindness than females. Between 5% and 8% of [[male]]s but less than 1% of [[female]]s are color blind.<ref name="Gegenfurtner Sharpe Boycott 2001 p. ">{{cite book | last1=Gegenfurtner | first1=K.R. | last2=Sharpe | first2=L.T. | last3=Boycott | first3=B.B. | title=Color Vision: from genes to perception | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=2001 | isbn=978-0-521-00439-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4zQMQLLVkFYC | access-date=2020-01-07 | page=}}</ref> People usually think of color blindness as a [[disability]]. However, people who are color blind have one [[wikt:advantage|advantage]] in that they are sometimes better at seeing through some types of [[camouflage]].<ref name="Morgan Adam Mollon pp. 291–295">{{cite journal | last1=Morgan | first1=MJ | last2=Adam | first2=A | last3=Mollon | first3=JD | title=Dichromats detect colour-camouflaged [sic] objects that are not detected by trichromats | journal=Proceedings. Biological Sciences | publisher=The Royal Society | volume=248 | issue=1323 | date=1992-06-22 | issn=0962-8452 | pmid=1354367 | doi=10.1098/rspb.1992.0074 | pages=291–295| bibcode=1992RSPSB.248..291M | s2cid=35694740 }}</ref> ==History== In 1798, the [[England|English]] [[chemist]] [[John Dalton]] [[publish]]ed the first [[science|scientific]] article about color blindness after he found out that he was color blind.<ref name="dalton">Dalton J, 1798. "Extraordinary facts relating to the vision of colours: with observations" in ''Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester'' '''5''' 28-45</ref> That causes the condition to be sometimes called ''daltonism''. As of 2009, the word ''daltonism'' is used only for the type of color blindness called [[#Red/green color blindness|deuteranopia]]. ==Seeing color== There are three steps in the process of telling the difference between colors: #[[Light]] hits specialized [[nerve|nerve cells]] in the eye, which are called receptors. Some of them are [[stimulus|stimulated]] and create an [[electricity|electrical]] [[Signal (biology)|signal]]. #The signals move along nerves to special parts of the [[brain]]. #The parts of the brain interpret the signals, which are changed into an image. The image is then carefully looked at to separate different [[Physical body|objects]], to see [[shape]]s and sometimes [[color]]s, and to link them to other kinds of information. === How the human eye sees colors === [[File:Cone-fundamentals-with-srgb-spectrum.svg|thumb|The three types of cone cells each see some [[wavelength]]s of light. They are often called "blue" (S), "green" (M), and "red" (L), but the "green" and the "red" cone cells actually see many of the same colors.]] Inside the human eye is a part called the [[retina]], which receives the images that the eye sees. It sends the images to the brain. The retina has two types of [[cell]]s: [[rod cell]]s and [[cone cell]]s. They work in different types of light. *[[Rod cell]]s receive the images that the eye sees when the light is dim, such as at night or in a dark room. *[[Cone cell]]s receive the images that the eye sees in normal daylight or in bright light. There are three types of cone cells. Each type has a different chemical [[photopsin]] and reacts to a different [[spectrum]] of light. One type is specially sensitive to short [[wavelength]]s. Another is sensitive to medium wavelengths. The third is sensitive to long wavelengths. These wavelengths cover much of the [[Light|visible light]]. Each color is "seen" as a result of how much each of the receptors is stimulated. === How the brain works out the colors === Parts of the [[thalamus]] and the [[visual cortex]] in the [[brain]] are involved in ''seeing'', also seeing colors. Color blindness can therefore also result if these areas of the brain, the optic [[nerve]] or the retina have been [[wikt:damage|damaged]]. These types of color blindness happen because of an [[accident]]. They are not inherited. Inherited forms of color blindness affect the retina only.<ref>In cerebral achromatopsia, a person cannot perceive colors even though the eyes are capable of distinguishing them. This is usually not considered as true color blindness.</ref> That way it is possible that only a part of the [[visual field]] is affected by color blindness, but in the rest, there is no color blindness. Some types of color blindness, but not ''inherited'' color blindness, can be [[wikt:cure|cured]]. == Causes of color blindness == There are several different problems that can cause color blindness. *If a person's eye has no cone cells, then they cannot see any color at all. They can only see shades of dark and light. *There are three types of cone cells in the human eye. If there are two types, a person will have a hard time to tell certain colors apart. If there is only one type, a person will not see color at all. *Sometimes cone cells change. This means that they no longer react to those [[wavelength]]s they should. A person will need ''more'' of a certain color to see this color. They see colors differently, and may not be able to tell certain colors apart. Most of these people do not know they are color blind, as they have little difficulty telling colors apart in most cases. *There may be nothing wrong with the eye, but the nerves that transport the information or the area in the brain that interprets it may be damaged. This means that the signal is interpreted the wrong way. The damage may be permanent, or it may be temporary. Certain conditions of the brain, like a [[migraine]] can change the way people see colors. ==Different types of color blindness== ===Total color blindness=== Total color blindness is very [[wikt:rare|rare]]. People who suffer from it can only see in [[black]], [[gray]] and [[white]]. They can perceive only differences in ''[[brightness]]'' and do not see ''color''.<ref name="Byrne"/> This is called ''monochromacy''.<ref name="Byrne">Byrne A, Hilbert D. [http://tigger.uic.edu/~hilbert/Glossary.html "A Glossary of Color Science."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004164334/http://tigger.uic.edu/~hilbert/Glossary.html |date=2015-10-04 }} Originally published in ''Readings on Color, Volume 2: The Science of Color.'' (MIT Press, 1997). Accessed November 7, 2006.</ref> There are two main types of total color blindness: # ''Rod monochromacy'' (''achromatopsia''): The [[retina]] has no cone cells. This makes it difficult to see even lights of a normal level; this means that people who suffer from it are almost [[blindness|blind]]. It occurs almost only on the island of [[Pingelap]], a part of the [[Pohnpei]] state in the [[Federated States of Micronesia]]. There it is called ''maskun'': about one person in 12 of the [[population]] has it. The island was hit by a storm in the 18th century. Very few men survived the storm. One of them carried a gene for ''rod monochromacy''. Today, several hundred people live on the island, about 30% have this gene. # ''Cone monochromacy'': The retina has both rods and cones, but only one type kind of cone. People who suffer from this will be able to see [[pattern]]s well, in normal daylight, but they will not see [[hue]]s. === Red/green color blindness === There are two kinds of [[red]]-[[green]] color blindness: protanopia or deuteranopia. Deuteranopia is the most common form of color blindness; between five and ten percent of males suffer from it. It is called Daltonism because John Dalton discovered it. Those affected have trouble telling the difference between red and green. As seen by protanopes (people suffering from protanopia), red is darkened. Most often, this is because they lack the receptors for long (protanopia) or medium (deuteranopia)-length light waves or because these receptors have changed their sensitivity. === Blue/yellow color blindness === Although the name is blue-yellow color blindness (tritanopia), people affected by this type of color blindness can usually tell the difference between [[blue]] and [[yellow]]. Instead they cannot tell the difference between blue and green, and also yellow and violet.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tritanopia – Blue-Yellow Color Blindness|url=http://www.colblindor.com/2006/05/08/tritanopia-blue-yellow-color-blindness/|accessdate=30 May 2012}}</ref> It is different from the other types of color blindness because it is not linked to sex. It is [[equal]]ly possible for males or females to develop blue-yellow color blindness. It is caused by having few or no cones in the retina which can sense short wavelength light. === Other causes of color blindness === Sometimes, people do not have problems seeing color, but their [[brain]] has trouble "telling" the color, and interprets it wrongly. It is also possible that only certain parts of the eye have color blindness; people may become color blind because of other diseases, but after the disease goes away, see normally again. This seems to be the case with certain forms of [[migraine]]. == How color blindness is inherited == Males have one X and one Y [[chromosome]]; females have two X chromosomes. Many of the [[gene]]s involved in making color vision work are on the X chromosome: they are [[sex linked]]. For this reason, men are more often affected by color blindness than women. The "color blind" gene allows non-color blind people to see the difference between [[red]] and [[green]]. The gene is located on the X chromosome. This means that a male will be color blind if the single X he [[inheritance|inherits]] from his mother contains the color blind version of the "color blind" gene. A female will inherit color blindness only if she inherits two X chromosomes containing [[wikt:defect|defective]] ([[Mutation|mutant]]) color gene [[allele]]s. In other words, a female needs to inherit "color blind" genes from both parents in order to be color blind. == Testing someone for color blindness == [[Image:Ishihara 9.png|thumb|Someone who is not color blind will clearly see the number "74" here. A person with color blindness may either see "21" or no number at all.]] The Ishihara plate test has been in use since 1917. Each plate has an [[image]] with dots of different size and color. People will then ''see'' different images (most often [[number]]s). Those with certain types of color blindness will see different numbers from those not affected by color blindness. Because many young children have not learned numbers yet, other tests have been developed. They use [[symbol]]s, like a [[Square (geometry)|square]], a [[circle]] or a [[car]] instead of numbers. == Design changes == A color code is when there is much information in the color of certain item. Such codes cannot be understood easily by those who are color blind. For this reason, color should not be used alone to give information. Good [[graphic design]] avoids using color coding or color differences alone to give information. This does not only help color blind people, but also normally sighted people. [[Cascading Style Sheets]] can be used on [[web page]]s. They allow to give a different color [[wikt:scheme|scheme]] for color blind people. Certain color scheme generators help graphic designers see color schemes as eight types of color blind people see them.<ref>[http://colorschemedesigner.com/ Color Scheme Designer]. For an example of a map that could present a significant problem to a color blind reader, see [https://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2007/01/29/science/20070130_BEAR_GRAPHIC.html this graphic] from a [[New York Times]] article. The typical red-green color blind reader will have a lot of difficulty telling the green sections from the orange ones. This makes the graphic unreadable.</ref> Color blindness is very [[sensitive]] to changes in [[material]]. A red-green color blind person may be unable to see the difference between colors on a map printed on paper. The same map on a [[computer]] screen or [[television]] may appear normally. In addition, some color blind people find it easier to tell the difference between colors on [[wikt:artificial|artificial]] materials, such as [[plastic]] or in [[acryl]]ic paints, than on natural materials, such as [[paper]] or [[wood]]. Thirdly, for some color blind people, color can only be [[wikt:distinguish|distinguished]] if there is enough color: thin lines might appear black, but a thicker line of the same color can be seen in the correct color. [[File:Not-Aus Betätiger.jpg|thumb|left|[[Kill switch]]es such as this one have to follow very specific design rules. These rules include what colors to use.]] In certain cases when it is important to understand information very quickly, the visual system may drop the colors, and only work in shades of [[gray]]. This is important to know when designing the [[user interface|interfaces]] for objects that need to be used in an [[emergency]] situation, like [[emergency]] [[brake]]s, or [[emergency telephone]]s. Because color blind people may not see the difference between colors such as red and green, some countries, such as [[Romania]] have refused to give them [[Driver's license|driving license]]s. In Romania, people have started to change the laws so that color blind people will also be able to drive legally.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://discromat.wordpress.com/2007/08/15/time-out/ | title = Petition to European Union on Colorblind's condition in Romania | date = 15 August 2007 | accessdate = 2007-08-21}}</ref> In the [[United Kingdom]], [[electricity]] wires in houses used to be red, black and green. They were changed to brown, blue and green/yellow to help color blind people see the difference between the "live" and "earth" wires.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A883523 | title = BBC h2g2 - Colour [sic] Blindness | accessdate = 2009-04-17}}</ref> == What color blindness is not == [[Image:Assorted Red and Green Apples (deuteranope view).jpg|thumb|Red and green apples as seen by a person with normal vision (top half) and red-green color blindness (bottom half)]] Many people do not understand color blindness. People who are color blind never swap the colors they are blind to. They may have trouble telling two colors from one another. That way they may have a problem finding the right kind of [[apple]] in the [[supermarket]]. The image in this section shows in the top half how red and green apples look to a person with normal vision, and then in the lower half the way they look to a person with red-green color blindness. The apples on the left are ''Royal Gala'' apples; they are red in color. The apples on the right are ''Granny Smiths''; they are green. To someone with red-green blindness, the apples look like they are almost the same color. ==References== {{reflist|2}} {{good}} [[Category:Diseases and disorders of the eye]] [[Category:Genetic disorders]] [[Category:Tests]] 8q6zlewktm67hk556bcxgu7m0vecgje 0 9550 10367694 10339691 2025-07-02T13:34:02Z 212.219.116.205 10367694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|Real Madrid|the basketball team|Real Madrid Baloncesto}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}} {{Outdated}} {{Infobox football club | clubname = Real Madrid | image = | upright = 0.7 | fullname = Real Madrid Club de Fútbol<ref name="Real Madrid Club de Fútbol">{{cite web| title = Real Madrid Club de Fútbol | url = https://www.laliga.es/laliga-santander/real-madrid| publisher = Liga de Fútbol Profesional | access-date =6 January 2019| language=es}}</ref> | short name = | founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1902|3|6}}<br />as ''Madrid Football Club''<ref name="Real Madrid turns 106 (I)"/> | nickname = {{Nowrap|''Los Blancos'' (The Whites)}}<br />{{Nowrap|''Los Merengues'' (The Meringues)}}<br />{{Nowrap|''Los Vikingos'' (The Vikings)}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ligadecampeones.com/los-vikingos-arrasan-europa-98430/ |title=Los vikingos arrasan Europa |website=Ligadecampeones.com |date=23 November 1960 |access-date=18 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425012233/http://ligadecampeones.com/los-vikingos-arrasan-europa-98430/ |archive-date=25 April 2014 }}</ref><br /> {{Nowrap|''La Casa Blanca'' (The White House)}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.as.com/en/2018/12/07/football/1544187628_452267.html|title=D'Onofrio: "I always support Real Madrid; Bernabéu came to my house"|date=7 December 2018|website=As.com|access-date=2 January 2019|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806173933/https://en.as.com/en/2018/12/07/football/1544187628_452267.html|url-status=dead}} *{{cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/12/spanish-football/2009/06/24/1343629/real-madrid-expecting-25000-fans-at-the-bernabeu-for|title=Real Madrid Expecting 25,000 Fans at the Bernabeu For Cristiano Ronaldo Presentation|website=Goal.com|access-date=24 June 2009|date=24 June 2009}} *{{cite web|url=https://vaaju.com/perueng/transfer-real-madrid-mariano-diaz-said-the-white-house-can-not-be-said-no-france/|title=Transfer Real Madrid: Mariano Diaz said the "White House" "can not be said no"|website=Vaaju.com|access-date=10 August 2018|date=10 August 2018}}</ref> <!-- Los Galacticos is not a nickname for the club; it refers to a group of players only. -->| ground = [[Santiago Bernabéu Stadium|Estadio Santiago Bernabéu]] | capacity = 85,454<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.realmadrid.com/en/santiago-bernabeu-stadium|title=Santiago Bernabéu Stadium {{!}} Real Madrid CF|publisher=Real Madrid CF|access-date=3 November 2020|language=en|website=www.realmadrid.com}}</ref> | chrtitle = President | chairman = [[Florentino Pérez]] | mgrtitle = Head coach | manager = <nowiki>[[Xabi Alonso]</nowiki> | league = [[La Liga]] | season = [[2024–25 La Liga|2024–25]] | current = 2024-25Real Madrid CF season | position = La Liga, 2nd of 20 | website = http://www.realmadrid.com | pattern_name1 = Home | pattern_la1 = _RM1981 | pattern_b1 = _rmcf8586h | pattern_ra1 = _RM1981 | pattern_sh1 = _RM1981 | pattern_so1 = _RM1981 | leftarm1 = FFFFFF | body1 = FFFFFF | rightarm1 = FFFFFF | shorts1 = FFFFFF | socks1 = FFFFFF | pattern_la2 = _rosenborg24a | pattern_b2 = _rosenborg24a | pattern_ra2 = _rosenborg24a | pattern_sh2 = _adidas_green | pattern_so2 = _3_stripes_green | leftarm2 = 000000 | body2 = 000000 | rightarm2 = 000000 | shorts2 = 000000 | socks2 = 000000 | pattern_name3 = Third | pattern_la3 = _RM1981A | pattern_b3 = _RM1982A | pattern_ra3 = _RM1981A | pattern_sh3 = _RM1982A | pattern_so3 = _RM1981A | leftarm3 = DD00FF | body3 = DD00FF | rightarm3 = DD00FF | shorts3 = DD00FF | socks3 = DD00FF }} {{Real Madrid CF active departments}} {{Real Madrid CF closed departments}} [[File:Celebrando el primer título de la temporada.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Real Madrid's players celebrating their 2008 [[Supercopa de España]] victory.]] '''Real Madrid Club de Fútbol''', sometimes known as '''Real Madrid''', is a [[Spain|Spanish]] [[Association football|football]] club from [[Madrid]], [[Spain]]. It was started in [[1902]] and competes in [[La Liga]] (the Spanish top league). The "Real" in the club's name is Spanish for "royal", because it was blessed by the King of Spain in [[1920]]. Real Madrid has won [[La Liga]] 34 times and the [[Copa del Rey]] (King's Cup) 19 times, the most out of any team in the league. It has also won the [[UEFA Champions League]] a record 15 times and the [[UEFA Cup]] twice. Real Madrid was recognised as the FIFA Club of the 20th Century on 11 December 2000, and received the FIFA Centennial Order of Merit on 20 May 2004. In June 2017, the team succeeded in becoming the first club to win the [[UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] twice in a row. In 2018, Madrid made history by becoming the first club in recent history to win the Champions League three times in a row. They beat [[Liverpool F.C.]] 3–1 in [[2018 UEFA Champions League Final|the final]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ubha|first=Ravi|date=27 May 2018|title=Real Madrid beats Liverpool 3-1 to win Champions League, make more history|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/05/26/football/champions-league-real-madrid-liverpool-football-kiev-spt/index.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=9 December 2020|publisher=CNN|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Taylor|first=Daniel|date=26 May 2018|title=Real Madrid win Champions League as brilliant Bale sinks Liverpool|language=en-GB|work=The Observer|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/may/26/real-madrid-liverpool-champions-league-final-match-report|access-date=9 December 2020|issn=0029-7712}}</ref> Since it began, Real Madrid has since spent all of its history in La Liga, and has never been [[Relegation|relegated]] down to a lower level. This shows how strong they have been just to stay in the top flight of Spanish football. In the 1940s, the club, the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium and the [[Ciudad Deportiva, Madrid|Ciudad Deportiva]] were rebuilt after the [[Spanish Civil War]]. The club became a major force in both Spanish and European football during the 1950s. In the 1980s, the club had one of the best teams in Spain and Europe (known as ''[[Quinta del Buitre|La Quinta del Buitre]]''). They had won two UEFA Cups, five Spanish championships in a row, one Spanish cup and three Spanish Super Cups. The club has bought and had many famous footballers, including [[Ronaldo]], [[David Beckham]], [[Zinedine Zidane]], [[Michael Owen]], [[Cristiano Ronaldo]], [[Kaká]] and other very famous footballers. The most expensive player is [[Gareth Bale]] who was bought for 85.3 million pounds from [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] of the [[English Premier League]]. The club's traditional home colours are all white. Its crest has been changed several times in attempts to modernise or re-brand. The current crest is a modified version of the one first adopted in the 1920s. Real's home stadium is the 81,044 capacity [[Santiago Bernabéu Stadium]] in [[Madrid]], where it has played since 1947. Unlike most European football clubs, Real Madrid's members (''socios'') have owned and operated the club since it was opened. Real is the world's most valuable club.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2008/34/biz_soccer08_Real-Madrid_340002.html|title=#2 Real Madrid |website=Forbes}}</ref> Real Madrid has won 34 La Liga titles. == Rivalries == === El Clásico === There is a strong rivalry between the two strongest teams in [[La Liga]], which are Real Madrid and [[F.C. Barcelona|FC Barcelona]], where the game between them is known as "''[[El Clásico]]"'' ("The Classic"). === Madrid Derby === The club's nearest neighboring club is [[Atlético Madrid]], and matches between them are known as "[[Madrid Derby]]". A strong rivalry is shared between fans of both teams. == Current Squad == ===Current Squad=== {{updated|13 October 2024}}<ref name="Squad">{{Cite web|title=Real Madrid squad {{!}} Real Madrid CF|url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en/football/squad|access-date=13 October 2024|website=Real Madrid C.F. - Web Oficial}}</ref>{{Fs start}} {{Fs player|no=1|pos=GK|nat=BEL|name=[[Thibaut Courtois]]}} {{Fs player|other=Injured|no=2|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=[[Dani Carvajal]]}} {{Fs player|no=3|pos=DF|nat=BRA|name=[[Éder Militão]]}} {{Fs player|no=4|pos=DF|nat=AUT|name=[[David Alaba]]}} {{Fs player|no=5|pos=MF|nat=ENG|name=[[Jude Bellingham]]}} {{Fs player|no=6|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=Raul Asencio}} {{Fs player|no=7|pos=FW|nat=BRA|name=[[Vinicius Jr]]}} {{Fs player|no=3|pos=DF|nat=SPA|name=Dean Huijsen}} {{Fs player|no=9|pos=FW|nat=FRA|name=[[Kylian Mbappé]]|other=[[Captain (association football)#Vice-captain|vice-captain]]}}<ref name="Squad" /> {{Fs player|other=Leaving at the end of the season|no=10|pos=MF|nat=CRO|name=[[Luka Modrić]]}} {{Fs player|no=66|pos=DF|nat=ENG|name=Trent Alexander-Arnold}} {{Fs player|no=12|pos=DF|nat=BRA|name=Marcelo|other=[[Captain (association football)|captain]]}}<ref name="Squad" /> {{Fs player|no=13|pos=GK|nat=UKR|name=[[Andriy Lunin]]}} {{Fs mid}} {{Fs player|no=14|pos=MF|nat=BRA|name=[[Casemiro]]}} {{Fs player|no=15|pos=MF|nat=URU|name=[[Federico Valverde]]}} {{Fs player|no=16|pos=FW|nat=BRA|name=[[Endrick]]}} {{Fs player|no=17|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Lucas Vázquez]]}} {{Fs player|no=18|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=[[Jesús Vallejo]]}} {{Fs player|no=19|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Dani Ceballos]]}} {{Fs player|no=20|pos=DF|nat=BRA|name=[[Fran García]]}} {{Fs player|no=21|pos=FW|nat=BRA|name=[[Rodrygo]]}} {{Fs player|no=22|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Isco]]}} {{Fs player|no=23|pos=DF|nat=FRA|name=[[Ferland Mendy]]}} {{Fs player|no=24|pos=FW|nat=DOM|name=[[Mariano Díaz|Mariano]]}} {{Fs player|no=25|pos=MF|nat=FRA|name=[[Eduardo Camavinga]]}} {{Fs end}} == Honours == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center;" |+Real Madrid CF honours !Type !Competition !Titles !Seasons |- |rowspan="5" |'''Domestic''' ! scope=col|[[La Liga]]<ref name="FH">{{cite web |title=Football honours |url=http://www.realmadrid.com/en/about-real-madrid/honours/football |accessdate= 11 May 2017 |location=Madrid, Spain |publisher=Real Madrid Club de Fútbol }}</ref> |bgcolor="gold"|35 |align="left"|[[1953–54 La Liga|1953–54]], [[1954–55 La Liga|1954–55]], [[1956–57 La Liga|1956–57]], [[1957–58 La Liga|1957–58]], [[1960–61 La Liga|1960–61]], [[1961–62 La Liga|1961–62]], [[1962–63 La Liga|1962–63]], [[1963–64 La Liga|1963–64]], [[1964–65 La Liga|1964–65]], [[1966–67 La Liga|1966–67]], [[1967–68 La Liga|1967–68]], [[1968–69 La Liga|1968–69]], [[1971–72 La Liga|1971–72]], [[1974–75 La Liga|1974–75]], [[1975–76 La Liga|1975–76]], [[1977–78 La Liga|1977–78]], [[1978–79 La Liga|1978–79]], [[1979–80 La Liga|1979–80]], [[1985–86 La Liga|1985–86]], [[1986–87 La Liga|1986–87]], [[1987–88 La Liga|1987–88]], [[1988–89 La Liga|1988–89]], [[1989–90 La Liga|1989–90]], [[1994–95 La Liga|1994–95]], [[1996–97 La Liga|1996–97]], [[2000–01 La Liga|2000–01]], [[2002–03 La Liga|2002–03]], [[2006–07 La Liga|2006–07]], [[2007–08 La Liga|2007–08]], [[2011–12 La Liga|2011–12]], [[2016–17 La Liga|2016–17]], [[2019–20 La Liga|2019–20]] , 2021-22 |- ! scope=col|[[Copa del Rey|Copa del Generalísimo/Copa del Rey]]<ref name=FH /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/deporte/futbol/copa-rey/palmares.html |title=Copa del Rey – Palmarés |website=Marca|location=Spain |accessdate=11 May 2017 |language=Spanish}}</ref> |align="center"|19 |align="left"|[[1905 Copa del Rey|1905]], [[1906 Copa del Rey|1906]], [[1907 Copa del Rey|1907]], [[1908 Copa del Rey|1908]], [[1917 Copa del Rey|1917]], [[1934 Copa del Rey|1934]], [[1936 Copa del Rey|1936]], [[1946 Copa del Rey|1946]], [[1947 Copa del Rey|1947]], [[1961–62 Copa del Rey|1961–62]], [[1969–70 Copa del Rey|1969–70]], [[1973–74 Copa del Rey|1973–74]], [[1974–75 Copa del Rey|1974–75]], [[1979–80 Copa del Rey|1979–80]], [[1981–82 Copa del Rey|1981–82]], [[1988–89 Copa del Rey|1988–89]], [[1992–93 Copa del Rey|1992–93]], [[2010–11 Copa del Rey|2010–11]], [[2013–14 Copa del Rey|2013–14]] |- ! scope=col|[[Supercopa de España]]<ref name=FH /><ref name="Supercopa">{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tabless/spansupcuphist.html |author1=Carnicero, José |author2=Torre, Raúl |author3=Ferrer, Carles Lozano |title=Spain&nbsp;– List of Super Cup Finals |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF) |date=25 August 2016 |accessdate=11 May 2017}}</ref> |align="center"|11 |align="left"|[[1988 Supercopa de España|1988]], 1989, [[1990 Supercopa de España|1990]], [[1993 Supercopa de España|1993]], [[1997 Supercopa de España|1997]], [[2001 Supercopa de España|2001]], [[2003 Supercopa de España|2003]], [[2008 Supercopa de España|2008]], [[2012 Supercopa de España|2012]], [[2017 Supercopa de España|2017]], [[2019–20 Supercopa de España|2019–20]] |- ! scope=col|[[Copa Eva Duarte]] |align="center"|1 |align="left"|1947 |- ! scope=col|[[Copa de la Liga]]<ref name=FH /> |align="center"|1 |align="left"|[[1985 Copa de la Liga|1985]] |- | rowspan="3" |'''Continent''' ! scope=col|[[UEFA Champions League|European Cup/UEFA Champions League]]<ref name=FH /> |bgcolor="gold"|'''15''' |align="left"|[[1955–56 European Cup|1955–56]], [[1956–57 European Cup|1956–57]], [[1957–58 European Cup|1957–58]], [[1958–59 European Cup|1958–59]], [[1959–60 European Cup|1959–60]], [[1965–66 European Cup|1965–66]], [[1997–98 UEFA Champions League|1997–98]], [[1999–2000 UEFA Champions League|1999–2000]], [[2001–02 UEFA Champions League|2001–02]], [[2013–14 UEFA Champions League|2013–14]], [[2015–16 UEFA Champions League|2015–16]], [[2016–17 UEFA Champions League|2016–17]], [[2017–18 UEFA Champions League|2017–18]] 2021-22 2023-24 |- ! scope=col|[[UEFA Cup]]<ref name=FH /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/history/index.html |title=From Fairs Cup via UEFA Cup to UEFA Europa League |quote=The UEFA Europa League evolved from the UEFA Cup, which itself was conceived by Switzerland's Ernst Thommen, along with Italy's Ottorino Barrasi and England's Sir Stanley Rous. |accessdate=11 May 2017 |publisher=UEFA }}</ref> |align="center"|2 |align="left"|[[1984–85 UEFA Cup|1984–85]], [[1985–86 UEFA Cup|1985–86]] |- ! scope=col|[[UEFA Super Cup]]<ref name=FH /> |align="center"|4 |align="left"|[[2002 UEFA Super Cup|2002]], [[2014 UEFA Super Cup|2014]], [[2016 UEFA Super Cup|2016]], [[2017 UEFA Super Cup|2017]] |- | rowspan="2" |'''Worldwide''' ! scope=col|[[Intercontinental Cup (football)|Intercontinental Cup]]<ref name=FH /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablest/toyota.html |title=Intercontinental Club Cup |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation |date=30 April 2005 |accessdate=9 August 2010 |author1=Magnani, Loris |author2=Stokkermans, Karel }}</ref> |bgcolor="gold"|'''3'''{{smallsup|s}} |align="left"|[[1960 Intercontinental Cup|1960]], [[1998 Intercontinental Cup|1998]], [[2002 Intercontinental Cup|2002]] |- ! scope=col|[[FIFA Club World Cup]]<ref name=FH /> |bgcolor="gold"|'''4''' |align="left"|[[2014 FIFA Club World Cup|2014]], [[2016 FIFA Club World Cup|2016]], [[2017 FIFA Club World Cup|2017]], [[2018 FIFA Club World Cup|2018]] |} * {{legend|gold|record}} * {{smallsup|S}} shared record == League position == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |align="center"|Season||align="center"|League||align="center"|Position |- |2000/01||[[La Liga]]||Champions |- |2001/02||[[La Liga]]||3rd |- |2002/03||[[La Liga]]||Champions |- |2003/04||[[La Liga]]||4th |- |2004/05||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |2005/06||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |2006/07||[[La Liga]]||Champions |- |2007/08||[[La Liga]]||Champions |- |2008/09||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |2009/10||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |2010/11||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |2011/12||[[La Liga]]||Champions |- |2012/13||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |2013/14||[[La Liga]]||3rd |- |2014/15||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |2015/16||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |2016/17||[[La Liga]]||Champions |- |2017/18||[[La Liga]]||3rd |- |2018/19||[[La Liga]]||3rd |- |2019/20||[[La Liga]]||Champions |- |2020/21||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |} === Former position === {{scroll box|width=75%| * 1929 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1929/30 : [[La Liga]] - 5th * 1930/31 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1931/32 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1932/33 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1933/34 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1934/35 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1935/36 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1939/40 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1940/41 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1941/42 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1942/43 : [[La Liga]] - 10th * 1943/44 : [[La Liga]] - 7th * 1944/45 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1945/46 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1946/47 : [[La Liga]] - 7th * 1947/48 : [[La Liga]] - 11th * 1948/49 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1949/50 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1950/51 : [[La Liga]] - 9th * 1951/52 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1952/53 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1953/54 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1954/55 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1955/56 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1956/57 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1957/58 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1958/59 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1959/60 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1960/61 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1961/62 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1962/63 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1963/64 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1964/65 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1965/66 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1966/67 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1967/68 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1968/69 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1969/70 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1970/71 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1971/72 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1972/73 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1973/74 : [[La Liga]] - 8th * 1974/75 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1975/76 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1976/77 : [[La Liga]] - 9th * 1977/78 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1978/79 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1979/80 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1980/81 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1981/82 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1982/83 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1983/84 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1984/85 : [[La Liga]] - 5th * 1985/86 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1986/87 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1987/88 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1988/89 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1989/90 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1990/91 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1991/92 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1992/93 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1993/94 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1994/95 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1995/96 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1996/97 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1997/98 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1998/99 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1999/00 : [[La Liga]] - 5th }} == Reserve Team == {{main|Real Madrid Castilla}} == Most expensive players == {| class="wikitable" |- ! !Player !From !Transfer Fee<br />([[British Pound|£]] millions)<ref name="History of the world transfer record">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/8085391.stm |title=History of the world transfer record | date=11 June 2009 |accessdate=6 August 2009 |publisher=BBC Sport }}</ref><ref name="transfers">{{cite web|url=http://www.footballtransfers.co.uk/transfers/rectrans.php |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825144402/http://www.footballtransfers.co.uk/transfers/rectrans.php |archivedate=25 August 2007 |title=World's Highest Transfer Fees |date=25 August 2007 |accessdate=25 September 2013}}</ref> !Transfer Fee ([[Euro|€]] millions) !Date !Ref |- |rowspan="2" |1 |{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Eden Hazard]] |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] |£89 |€100 |June 2019 |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nakrani|first=Sachin|date=7 June 2019|title=Eden Hazard confirms he is set to join Real Madrid from Chelsea for £88.5m|url=http://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/jun/07/eden-hazard-completes-move-from-chelsea-to-real-madrid|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=9 December 2020|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> |- ||{{flagicon|WAL}} [[Gareth Bale]]||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]||£86||€100||September 2013||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/23538218|title=Gareth Bale joins Real Madrid from Spurs in £85m world record deal|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> |- |3||{{flagicon|POR}} [[Cristiano Ronaldo]]||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]||£80||€96||June 2009|| <ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/8121951.stm|title=Ronaldo completes £80m Real move|website=news.bbc.co.uk|date=July 2009 }}</ref> |- |4||{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Zinedine Zidane]]||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]]||£46.6||€76||July 2001||<ref name="Zidane makes record Real switch">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/1421741.stm |title=Zidane makes record Real switch | date=9 July 2001 |accessdate=6 September 2008 |publisher=BBC Sport }}</ref> |- |5||{{flagicon|COL}} [[James Rodríguez]]||{{flagicon|FRA}} [[AS Monaco FC|Monaco]]||£63||€75||July 2014||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/28418131|title=James Rodriguez: Real Madrid sign Monaco forward|date=22 July 2014|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> |- |6||{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Kaká]]||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[A.C. Milan|Milan]]||£56||€67||June 2009||<ref name="Kaka completes Real Madrid switch">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/8082147.stm |title=Kaka completes Real Madrid switch | date=9 June 2009 |accessdate=6 August 2009 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> |- |7||{{flagicon|POR}} [[Luís Figo]]||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]||£37||€62||July 2000||<ref name="Figo's the Real deal">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/848836.stm |title=Figo's the Real deal | date=24 July 2000 |accessdate=6 August 2009 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> |- |8 |{{flagicon|SRB}} {{sortname|Luka|Jović}} |{{flagicon|GER}} [[Eintracht Frankfurt]] |£52.4 |€60 |June 2019 | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |last=Ostlere |first=Lawrence |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/transfers/real-madrid-transfer-news-luka-jovic-frankfurt-contract-fee-a8943381.html |title=Real Madrid confirm Luka Jovic transfer from Frankfurt on six-year contact for fee exceeding £50m |date=4 June 2019 |accessdate=20 September 2020 |work=The Independent}}</ref> |- |9 |{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Éder Militão]] |{{flagicon|POR}} [[FC Porto|Porto]] |£43 |€50 |July 2019 |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/real-madrid/2019/03/14/5c8a398122601d221c8b4584.html |title=Official: Real Madrid sign Militao |date= July 2019|publisher=Marca|language=English}}</ref> |- |10 |{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Ferland Mendy]] |{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Olympique Lyonnais|Lyon]] |£42.7 |€48 |June 2019 |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2840754-ferland-mendy-signs-6-year-real-madrid-contract-completes-transfer-from-lyon |title=Ferland Mendy Signs 6-Year Real Madrid Contract, Completes Transfer from Lyon |publisher=Bleacher Report|language=English}}</ref> |} == References == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="Real Madrid turns 106 (I)">{{cite web | title = Pre-history and first official title (1900–1910) | url = http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/1202730681095/noticia/Noticia/Real_Madrid_turns_106_(I).htm | publisher = Realmadrid.com | access-date = 12 July 2008 | author = Luís Miguel González | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081229094130/http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/1202730681095/noticia/Noticia/Real_Madrid_turns_106_%28I%29.htm | archive-date = 29 December 2008}}</ref> }} {{La Liga teamlist}} [[Category:Spanish football clubs]] [[Category:Madrid]] [[Category:1902 establishments in Europe]] [[Category:1900s establishments in Spain]] nxi4tnajzpjo74125jc494md8hxzbr7 10367704 10367694 2025-07-02T13:41:03Z 212.219.116.205 10367704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|Real Madrid|the basketball team|Real Madrid Baloncesto}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}} {{Outdated}} {{Infobox football club | clubname = Real Madrid | image = | upright = 0.7 | fullname = Real Madrid Club de Fútbol<ref name="Real Madrid Club de Fútbol">{{cite web| title = Real Madrid Club de Fútbol | url = https://www.laliga.es/laliga-santander/real-madrid| publisher = Liga de Fútbol Profesional | access-date =6 January 2019| language=es}}</ref> | short name = | founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1902|3|6}}<br />as ''Madrid Football Club''<ref name="Real Madrid turns 106 (I)"/> | nickname = {{Nowrap|''Los Blancos'' (The Whites)}}<br />{{Nowrap|''Los Merengues'' (The Meringues)}}<br />{{Nowrap|''Los Vikingos'' (The Vikings)}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ligadecampeones.com/los-vikingos-arrasan-europa-98430/ |title=Los vikingos arrasan Europa |website=Ligadecampeones.com |date=23 November 1960 |access-date=18 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425012233/http://ligadecampeones.com/los-vikingos-arrasan-europa-98430/ |archive-date=25 April 2014 }}</ref><br /> {{Nowrap|''La Casa Blanca'' (The White House)}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.as.com/en/2018/12/07/football/1544187628_452267.html|title=D'Onofrio: "I always support Real Madrid; Bernabéu came to my house"|date=7 December 2018|website=As.com|access-date=2 January 2019|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806173933/https://en.as.com/en/2018/12/07/football/1544187628_452267.html|url-status=dead}} *{{cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/12/spanish-football/2009/06/24/1343629/real-madrid-expecting-25000-fans-at-the-bernabeu-for|title=Real Madrid Expecting 25,000 Fans at the Bernabeu For Cristiano Ronaldo Presentation|website=Goal.com|access-date=24 June 2009|date=24 June 2009}} *{{cite web|url=https://vaaju.com/perueng/transfer-real-madrid-mariano-diaz-said-the-white-house-can-not-be-said-no-france/|title=Transfer Real Madrid: Mariano Diaz said the "White House" "can not be said no"|website=Vaaju.com|access-date=10 August 2018|date=10 August 2018}}</ref> <!-- Los Galacticos is not a nickname for the club; it refers to a group of players only. -->| ground = [[Santiago Bernabéu Stadium|Estadio Santiago Bernabéu]] | capacity = 85,454<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.realmadrid.com/en/santiago-bernabeu-stadium|title=Santiago Bernabéu Stadium {{!}} Real Madrid CF|publisher=Real Madrid CF|access-date=3 November 2020|language=en|website=www.realmadrid.com}}</ref> | chrtitle = President | chairman = [[Florentino Pérez]] | mgrtitle = Head coach | manager = [[Xabi Alonso]] | league = [[La Liga]] | season = [[2024–25 La Liga|2024–25]] | current = 2024-25Real Madrid CF season | position = La Liga, 2nd of 20 | website = http://www.realmadrid.com | pattern_name1 = Home | pattern_la1 = _RM1981 | pattern_b1 = _rmcf8586h | pattern_ra1 = _RM1981 | pattern_sh1 = _RM1981 | pattern_so1 = _RM1981 | leftarm1 = FFFFFF | body1 = FFFFFF | rightarm1 = FFFFFF | shorts1 = FFFFFF | socks1 = FFFFFF | pattern_la2 = _rosenborg24a | pattern_b2 = _rosenborg24a | pattern_ra2 = _rosenborg24a | pattern_sh2 = _adidas_green | pattern_so2 = _3_stripes_green | leftarm2 = 000000 | body2 = 000000 | rightarm2 = 000000 | shorts2 = 000000 | socks2 = 000000 | pattern_name3 = Third | pattern_la3 = _RM1981A | pattern_b3 = _RM1982A | pattern_ra3 = _RM1981A | pattern_sh3 = _RM1982A | pattern_so3 = _RM1981A | leftarm3 = DD00FF | body3 = DD00FF | rightarm3 = DD00FF | shorts3 = DD00FF | socks3 = DD00FF }} {{Real Madrid CF active departments}} {{Real Madrid CF closed departments}} [[File:Celebrando el primer título de la temporada.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Real Madrid's players celebrating their 2008 [[Supercopa de España]] victory.]] '''Real Madrid Club de Fútbol''', sometimes known as '''Real Madrid''', is a [[Spain|Spanish]] [[Association football|football]] club from [[Madrid]], [[Spain]]. It was started in [[1902]] and competes in [[La Liga]] (the Spanish top league). The "Real" in the club's name is Spanish for "royal", because it was blessed by the King of Spain in [[1920]]. Real Madrid has won [[La Liga]] 34 times and the [[Copa del Rey]] (King's Cup) 19 times, the most out of any team in the league. It has also won the [[UEFA Champions League]] a record 15 times and the [[UEFA Cup]] twice. Real Madrid was recognised as the FIFA Club of the 20th Century on 11 December 2000, and received the FIFA Centennial Order of Merit on 20 May 2004. In June 2017, the team succeeded in becoming the first club to win the [[UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] twice in a row. In 2018, Madrid made history by becoming the first club in recent history to win the Champions League three times in a row. They beat [[Liverpool F.C.]] 3–1 in [[2018 UEFA Champions League Final|the final]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ubha|first=Ravi|date=27 May 2018|title=Real Madrid beats Liverpool 3-1 to win Champions League, make more history|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/05/26/football/champions-league-real-madrid-liverpool-football-kiev-spt/index.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=9 December 2020|publisher=CNN|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Taylor|first=Daniel|date=26 May 2018|title=Real Madrid win Champions League as brilliant Bale sinks Liverpool|language=en-GB|work=The Observer|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/may/26/real-madrid-liverpool-champions-league-final-match-report|access-date=9 December 2020|issn=0029-7712}}</ref> Since it began, Real Madrid has since spent all of its history in La Liga, and has never been [[Relegation|relegated]] down to a lower level. This shows how strong they have been just to stay in the top flight of Spanish football. In the 1940s, the club, the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium and the [[Ciudad Deportiva, Madrid|Ciudad Deportiva]] were rebuilt after the [[Spanish Civil War]]. The club became a major force in both Spanish and European football during the 1950s. In the 1980s, the club had one of the best teams in Spain and Europe (known as ''[[Quinta del Buitre|La Quinta del Buitre]]''). They had won two UEFA Cups, five Spanish championships in a row, one Spanish cup and three Spanish Super Cups. The club has bought and had many famous footballers, including [[Ronaldo]], [[David Beckham]], [[Zinedine Zidane]], [[Michael Owen]], [[Cristiano Ronaldo]], [[Kaká]] and other very famous footballers. The most expensive player is [[Gareth Bale]] who was bought for 85.3 million pounds from [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] of the [[English Premier League]]. The club's traditional home colours are all white. Its crest has been changed several times in attempts to modernise or re-brand. The current crest is a modified version of the one first adopted in the 1920s. Real's home stadium is the 81,044 capacity [[Santiago Bernabéu Stadium]] in [[Madrid]], where it has played since 1947. Unlike most European football clubs, Real Madrid's members (''socios'') have owned and operated the club since it was opened. Real is the world's most valuable club.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2008/34/biz_soccer08_Real-Madrid_340002.html|title=#2 Real Madrid |website=Forbes}}</ref> Real Madrid has won 34 La Liga titles. == Rivalries == === El Clásico === There is a strong rivalry between the two strongest teams in [[La Liga]], which are Real Madrid and [[F.C. Barcelona|FC Barcelona]], where the game between them is known as "''[[El Clásico]]"'' ("The Classic"). === Madrid Derby === The club's nearest neighboring club is [[Atlético Madrid]], and matches between them are known as "[[Madrid Derby]]". A strong rivalry is shared between fans of both teams. == Current Squad == ===Current Squad=== {{updated|13 October 2024}}<ref name="Squad">{{Cite web|title=Real Madrid squad {{!}} Real Madrid CF|url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en/football/squad|access-date=13 October 2024|website=Real Madrid C.F. - Web Oficial}}</ref>{{Fs start}} {{Fs player|no=1|pos=GK|nat=BEL|name=[[Thibaut Courtois]]}} {{Fs player|other=|no=2|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=[[Dani Carvajal]]}} {{Fs player|no=3|pos=DF|nat=BRA|name=[[Éder Militão]]}} {{Fs player|other=Injured|no=4|pos=DF|nat=AUT|name=[[David Alaba]]}} {{Fs player|no=5|pos=MF|nat=ENG|name=[[Jude Bellingham]]}} {{Fs player|no=35|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=Raul Asencio}} {{Fs player|no=7|pos=FW|nat=BRA|name=[[Vinicius Jr]]}} {{Fs player|no=24|pos=DF|nat=SPA|name=Dean Huijsen}} {{Fs player|no=9|pos=FW|nat=FRA|name=[[Kylian Mbappé]]|other=}}<ref name="Squad" /> {{Fs player|other=Leaving at the end of the season|no=10|pos=MF|nat=CRO|name=[[Luka Modrić]]}} {{Fs player|no=12|pos=DF|nat=ENG|name=Trent Alexander-Arnold}} {{Fs player|no=17|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=Lucas Vazquez|other=}}<ref name="Squad" /> {{Fs player|no=13|pos=GK|nat=UKR|name=[[Andriy Lunin]]}} {{Fs mid}} {{Fs player|no=22|pos=DF|nat=Germany|name=[[Antonio Rudiger]]}} {{Fs player|no=8|pos=MF|nat=URU|name=[[Federico Valverde]]}} {{Fs player|no=16|pos=FW|nat=BRA|name=[[Endrick]]}} {{Fs player|no=15|pos=MF|nat=Turkey|name=<nowiki>[[Arda Guler]</nowiki>}} {{Fs player|no=18|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=[[Jesús Vallejo]]}} {{Fs player|no=19|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Dani Ceballos]]}} {{Fs player|no=20|pos=DF|nat=BRA|name=[[Fran García]]}} {{Fs player|no=11|pos=FW|nat=BRA|name=[[Rodrygo]]}} {{Fs player|no=6|pos=MF|nat=FRA|name=[[Eduardo Camavinga]]}} {{Fs player|no=23|pos=DF|nat=FRA|name=[[Ferland Mendy]]}} {{Fs player|no=21|pos=FW|nat=Morocco|name=[[Brahim Diaz]]}} {{Fs player|no=14|pos=MF|nat=FRA|name=[[Aurelien Tchouameni]]}} {{Fs end}} == Honours == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center;" |+Real Madrid CF honours !Type !Competition !Titles !Seasons |- |rowspan="5" |'''Domestic''' ! scope=col|[[La Liga]]<ref name="FH">{{cite web |title=Football honours |url=http://www.realmadrid.com/en/about-real-madrid/honours/football |accessdate= 11 May 2017 |location=Madrid, Spain |publisher=Real Madrid Club de Fútbol }}</ref> |bgcolor="gold"|35 |align="left"|[[1953–54 La Liga|1953–54]], [[1954–55 La Liga|1954–55]], [[1956–57 La Liga|1956–57]], [[1957–58 La Liga|1957–58]], [[1960–61 La Liga|1960–61]], [[1961–62 La Liga|1961–62]], [[1962–63 La Liga|1962–63]], [[1963–64 La Liga|1963–64]], [[1964–65 La Liga|1964–65]], [[1966–67 La Liga|1966–67]], [[1967–68 La Liga|1967–68]], [[1968–69 La Liga|1968–69]], [[1971–72 La Liga|1971–72]], [[1974–75 La Liga|1974–75]], [[1975–76 La Liga|1975–76]], [[1977–78 La Liga|1977–78]], [[1978–79 La Liga|1978–79]], [[1979–80 La Liga|1979–80]], [[1985–86 La Liga|1985–86]], [[1986–87 La Liga|1986–87]], [[1987–88 La Liga|1987–88]], [[1988–89 La Liga|1988–89]], [[1989–90 La Liga|1989–90]], [[1994–95 La Liga|1994–95]], [[1996–97 La Liga|1996–97]], [[2000–01 La Liga|2000–01]], [[2002–03 La Liga|2002–03]], [[2006–07 La Liga|2006–07]], [[2007–08 La Liga|2007–08]], [[2011–12 La Liga|2011–12]], [[2016–17 La Liga|2016–17]], [[2019–20 La Liga|2019–20]] , 2021-22 |- ! scope=col|[[Copa del Rey|Copa del Generalísimo/Copa del Rey]]<ref name=FH /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/deporte/futbol/copa-rey/palmares.html |title=Copa del Rey – Palmarés |website=Marca|location=Spain |accessdate=11 May 2017 |language=Spanish}}</ref> |align="center"|19 |align="left"|[[1905 Copa del Rey|1905]], [[1906 Copa del Rey|1906]], [[1907 Copa del Rey|1907]], [[1908 Copa del Rey|1908]], [[1917 Copa del Rey|1917]], [[1934 Copa del Rey|1934]], [[1936 Copa del Rey|1936]], [[1946 Copa del Rey|1946]], [[1947 Copa del Rey|1947]], [[1961–62 Copa del Rey|1961–62]], [[1969–70 Copa del Rey|1969–70]], [[1973–74 Copa del Rey|1973–74]], [[1974–75 Copa del Rey|1974–75]], [[1979–80 Copa del Rey|1979–80]], [[1981–82 Copa del Rey|1981–82]], [[1988–89 Copa del Rey|1988–89]], [[1992–93 Copa del Rey|1992–93]], [[2010–11 Copa del Rey|2010–11]], [[2013–14 Copa del Rey|2013–14]] |- ! scope=col|[[Supercopa de España]]<ref name=FH /><ref name="Supercopa">{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tabless/spansupcuphist.html |author1=Carnicero, José |author2=Torre, Raúl |author3=Ferrer, Carles Lozano |title=Spain&nbsp;– List of Super Cup Finals |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF) |date=25 August 2016 |accessdate=11 May 2017}}</ref> |align="center"|11 |align="left"|[[1988 Supercopa de España|1988]], 1989, [[1990 Supercopa de España|1990]], [[1993 Supercopa de España|1993]], [[1997 Supercopa de España|1997]], [[2001 Supercopa de España|2001]], [[2003 Supercopa de España|2003]], [[2008 Supercopa de España|2008]], [[2012 Supercopa de España|2012]], [[2017 Supercopa de España|2017]], [[2019–20 Supercopa de España|2019–20]] |- ! scope=col|[[Copa Eva Duarte]] |align="center"|1 |align="left"|1947 |- ! scope=col|[[Copa de la Liga]]<ref name=FH /> |align="center"|1 |align="left"|[[1985 Copa de la Liga|1985]] |- | rowspan="3" |'''Continent''' ! scope=col|[[UEFA Champions League|European Cup/UEFA Champions League]]<ref name=FH /> |bgcolor="gold"|'''15''' |align="left"|[[1955–56 European Cup|1955–56]], [[1956–57 European Cup|1956–57]], [[1957–58 European Cup|1957–58]], [[1958–59 European Cup|1958–59]], [[1959–60 European Cup|1959–60]], [[1965–66 European Cup|1965–66]], [[1997–98 UEFA Champions League|1997–98]], [[1999–2000 UEFA Champions League|1999–2000]], [[2001–02 UEFA Champions League|2001–02]], [[2013–14 UEFA Champions League|2013–14]], [[2015–16 UEFA Champions League|2015–16]], [[2016–17 UEFA Champions League|2016–17]], [[2017–18 UEFA Champions League|2017–18]] 2021-22 2023-24 |- ! scope=col|[[UEFA Cup]]<ref name=FH /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/history/index.html |title=From Fairs Cup via UEFA Cup to UEFA Europa League |quote=The UEFA Europa League evolved from the UEFA Cup, which itself was conceived by Switzerland's Ernst Thommen, along with Italy's Ottorino Barrasi and England's Sir Stanley Rous. |accessdate=11 May 2017 |publisher=UEFA }}</ref> |align="center"|2 |align="left"|[[1984–85 UEFA Cup|1984–85]], [[1985–86 UEFA Cup|1985–86]] |- ! scope=col|[[UEFA Super Cup]]<ref name=FH /> |align="center"|4 |align="left"|[[2002 UEFA Super Cup|2002]], [[2014 UEFA Super Cup|2014]], [[2016 UEFA Super Cup|2016]], [[2017 UEFA Super Cup|2017]] |- | rowspan="2" |'''Worldwide''' ! scope=col|[[Intercontinental Cup (football)|Intercontinental Cup]]<ref name=FH /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablest/toyota.html |title=Intercontinental Club Cup |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation |date=30 April 2005 |accessdate=9 August 2010 |author1=Magnani, Loris |author2=Stokkermans, Karel }}</ref> |bgcolor="gold"|'''3'''{{smallsup|s}} |align="left"|[[1960 Intercontinental Cup|1960]], [[1998 Intercontinental Cup|1998]], [[2002 Intercontinental Cup|2002]] |- ! scope=col|[[FIFA Club World Cup]]<ref name=FH /> |bgcolor="gold"|'''4''' |align="left"|[[2014 FIFA Club World Cup|2014]], [[2016 FIFA Club World Cup|2016]], [[2017 FIFA Club World Cup|2017]], [[2018 FIFA Club World Cup|2018]] |} * {{legend|gold|record}} * {{smallsup|S}} shared record == League position == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |align="center"|Season||align="center"|League||align="center"|Position |- |2000/01||[[La Liga]]||Champions |- |2001/02||[[La Liga]]||3rd |- |2002/03||[[La Liga]]||Champions |- |2003/04||[[La Liga]]||4th |- |2004/05||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |2005/06||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |2006/07||[[La Liga]]||Champions |- |2007/08||[[La Liga]]||Champions |- |2008/09||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |2009/10||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |2010/11||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |2011/12||[[La Liga]]||Champions |- |2012/13||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |2013/14||[[La Liga]]||3rd |- |2014/15||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |2015/16||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |2016/17||[[La Liga]]||Champions |- |2017/18||[[La Liga]]||3rd |- |2018/19||[[La Liga]]||3rd |- |2019/20||[[La Liga]]||Champions |- |2020/21||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |} === Former position === {{scroll box|width=75%| * 1929 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1929/30 : [[La Liga]] - 5th * 1930/31 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1931/32 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1932/33 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1933/34 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1934/35 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1935/36 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1939/40 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1940/41 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1941/42 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1942/43 : [[La Liga]] - 10th * 1943/44 : [[La Liga]] - 7th * 1944/45 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1945/46 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1946/47 : [[La Liga]] - 7th * 1947/48 : [[La Liga]] - 11th * 1948/49 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1949/50 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1950/51 : [[La Liga]] - 9th * 1951/52 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1952/53 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1953/54 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1954/55 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1955/56 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1956/57 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1957/58 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1958/59 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1959/60 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1960/61 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1961/62 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1962/63 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1963/64 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1964/65 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1965/66 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1966/67 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1967/68 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1968/69 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1969/70 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1970/71 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1971/72 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1972/73 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1973/74 : [[La Liga]] - 8th * 1974/75 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1975/76 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1976/77 : [[La Liga]] - 9th * 1977/78 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1978/79 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1979/80 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1980/81 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1981/82 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1982/83 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1983/84 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1984/85 : [[La Liga]] - 5th * 1985/86 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1986/87 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1987/88 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1988/89 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1989/90 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1990/91 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1991/92 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1992/93 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1993/94 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1994/95 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1995/96 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1996/97 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1997/98 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1998/99 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1999/00 : [[La Liga]] - 5th }} == Reserve Team == {{main|Real Madrid Castilla}} == Most expensive players == {| class="wikitable" |- ! !Player !From !Transfer Fee<br />([[British Pound|£]] millions)<ref name="History of the world transfer record">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/8085391.stm |title=History of the world transfer record | date=11 June 2009 |accessdate=6 August 2009 |publisher=BBC Sport }}</ref><ref name="transfers">{{cite web|url=http://www.footballtransfers.co.uk/transfers/rectrans.php |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825144402/http://www.footballtransfers.co.uk/transfers/rectrans.php |archivedate=25 August 2007 |title=World's Highest Transfer Fees |date=25 August 2007 |accessdate=25 September 2013}}</ref> !Transfer Fee ([[Euro|€]] millions) !Date !Ref |- |rowspan="2" |1 |{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Eden Hazard]] |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] |£89 |€100 |June 2019 |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nakrani|first=Sachin|date=7 June 2019|title=Eden Hazard confirms he is set to join Real Madrid from Chelsea for £88.5m|url=http://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/jun/07/eden-hazard-completes-move-from-chelsea-to-real-madrid|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=9 December 2020|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> |- ||{{flagicon|WAL}} [[Gareth Bale]]||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]||£86||€100||September 2013||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/23538218|title=Gareth Bale joins Real Madrid from Spurs in £85m world record deal|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> |- |3||{{flagicon|POR}} [[Cristiano Ronaldo]]||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]||£80||€96||June 2009|| <ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/8121951.stm|title=Ronaldo completes £80m Real move|website=news.bbc.co.uk|date=July 2009 }}</ref> |- |4||{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Zinedine Zidane]]||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]]||£46.6||€76||July 2001||<ref name="Zidane makes record Real switch">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/1421741.stm |title=Zidane makes record Real switch | date=9 July 2001 |accessdate=6 September 2008 |publisher=BBC Sport }}</ref> |- |5||{{flagicon|COL}} [[James Rodríguez]]||{{flagicon|FRA}} [[AS Monaco FC|Monaco]]||£63||€75||July 2014||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/28418131|title=James Rodriguez: Real Madrid sign Monaco forward|date=22 July 2014|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> |- |6||{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Kaká]]||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[A.C. Milan|Milan]]||£56||€67||June 2009||<ref name="Kaka completes Real Madrid switch">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/8082147.stm |title=Kaka completes Real Madrid switch | date=9 June 2009 |accessdate=6 August 2009 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> |- |7||{{flagicon|POR}} [[Luís Figo]]||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]||£37||€62||July 2000||<ref name="Figo's the Real deal">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/848836.stm |title=Figo's the Real deal | date=24 July 2000 |accessdate=6 August 2009 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> |- |8 |{{flagicon|SRB}} {{sortname|Luka|Jović}} |{{flagicon|GER}} [[Eintracht Frankfurt]] |£52.4 |€60 |June 2019 | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |last=Ostlere |first=Lawrence |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/transfers/real-madrid-transfer-news-luka-jovic-frankfurt-contract-fee-a8943381.html |title=Real Madrid confirm Luka Jovic transfer from Frankfurt on six-year contact for fee exceeding £50m |date=4 June 2019 |accessdate=20 September 2020 |work=The Independent}}</ref> |- |9 |{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Éder Militão]] |{{flagicon|POR}} [[FC Porto|Porto]] |£43 |€50 |July 2019 |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/real-madrid/2019/03/14/5c8a398122601d221c8b4584.html |title=Official: Real Madrid sign Militao |date= July 2019|publisher=Marca|language=English}}</ref> |- |10 |{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Ferland Mendy]] |{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Olympique Lyonnais|Lyon]] |£42.7 |€48 |June 2019 |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2840754-ferland-mendy-signs-6-year-real-madrid-contract-completes-transfer-from-lyon |title=Ferland Mendy Signs 6-Year Real Madrid Contract, Completes Transfer from Lyon |publisher=Bleacher Report|language=English}}</ref> |} == References == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="Real Madrid turns 106 (I)">{{cite web | title = Pre-history and first official title (1900–1910) | url = http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/1202730681095/noticia/Noticia/Real_Madrid_turns_106_(I).htm | publisher = Realmadrid.com | access-date = 12 July 2008 | author = Luís Miguel González | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081229094130/http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/1202730681095/noticia/Noticia/Real_Madrid_turns_106_%28I%29.htm | archive-date = 29 December 2008}}</ref> }} {{La Liga teamlist}} [[Category:Spanish football clubs]] [[Category:Madrid]] [[Category:1902 establishments in Europe]] [[Category:1900s establishments in Spain]] 4uw3vim1xvambsobbqpnchx07fdbyh5 10367707 10367704 2025-07-02T13:42:51Z 212.219.116.205 10367707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|Real Madrid|the basketball team|Real Madrid Baloncesto}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}} {{Outdated}} {{Infobox football club | clubname = Real Madrid | image = | upright = 0.7 | fullname = Real Madrid Club de Fútbol<ref name="Real Madrid Club de Fútbol">{{cite web| title = Real Madrid Club de Fútbol | url = https://www.laliga.es/laliga-santander/real-madrid| publisher = Liga de Fútbol Profesional | access-date =6 January 2019| language=es}}</ref> | short name = | founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1902|3|6}}<br />as ''Madrid Football Club''<ref name="Real Madrid turns 106 (I)"/> | nickname = {{Nowrap|''Los Blancos'' (The Whites)}}<br />{{Nowrap|''Los Merengues'' (The Meringues)}}<br />{{Nowrap|''Los Vikingos'' (The Vikings)}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ligadecampeones.com/los-vikingos-arrasan-europa-98430/ |title=Los vikingos arrasan Europa |website=Ligadecampeones.com |date=23 November 1960 |access-date=18 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425012233/http://ligadecampeones.com/los-vikingos-arrasan-europa-98430/ |archive-date=25 April 2014 }}</ref><br /> {{Nowrap|''La Casa Blanca'' (The White House)}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.as.com/en/2018/12/07/football/1544187628_452267.html|title=D'Onofrio: "I always support Real Madrid; Bernabéu came to my house"|date=7 December 2018|website=As.com|access-date=2 January 2019|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806173933/https://en.as.com/en/2018/12/07/football/1544187628_452267.html|url-status=dead}} *{{cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/12/spanish-football/2009/06/24/1343629/real-madrid-expecting-25000-fans-at-the-bernabeu-for|title=Real Madrid Expecting 25,000 Fans at the Bernabeu For Cristiano Ronaldo Presentation|website=Goal.com|access-date=24 June 2009|date=24 June 2009}} *{{cite web|url=https://vaaju.com/perueng/transfer-real-madrid-mariano-diaz-said-the-white-house-can-not-be-said-no-france/|title=Transfer Real Madrid: Mariano Diaz said the "White House" "can not be said no"|website=Vaaju.com|access-date=10 August 2018|date=10 August 2018}}</ref> <!-- Los Galacticos is not a nickname for the club; it refers to a group of players only. -->| ground = [[Santiago Bernabéu Stadium|Estadio Santiago Bernabéu]] | capacity = 85,454<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.realmadrid.com/en/santiago-bernabeu-stadium|title=Santiago Bernabéu Stadium {{!}} Real Madrid CF|publisher=Real Madrid CF|access-date=3 November 2020|language=en|website=www.realmadrid.com}}</ref> | chrtitle = President | chairman = [[Florentino Pérez]] | mgrtitle = Head coach | manager = [[Xabi Alonso]] | league = [[La Liga]] | season = [[2024–25 La Liga|2024–25]] | current = 2024-25Real Madrid CF season | position = La Liga, 2nd of 20 | website = http://www.realmadrid.com | pattern_name1 = Home | pattern_la1 = _RM1981 | pattern_b1 = _rmcf8586h | pattern_ra1 = _RM1981 | pattern_sh1 = _RM1981 | pattern_so1 = _RM1981 | leftarm1 = FFFFFF | body1 = FFFFFF | rightarm1 = FFFFFF | shorts1 = FFFFFF | socks1 = FFFFFF | pattern_la2 = _rosenborg24a | pattern_b2 = _rosenborg24a | pattern_ra2 = _rosenborg24a | pattern_sh2 = _adidas_green | pattern_so2 = _3_stripes_green | leftarm2 = 000000 | body2 = 000000 | rightarm2 = 000000 | shorts2 = 000000 | socks2 = 000000 | pattern_name3 = Third | pattern_la3 = _RM1981A | pattern_b3 = _RM1982A | pattern_ra3 = _RM1981A | pattern_sh3 = _RM1982A | pattern_so3 = _RM1981A | leftarm3 = DD00FF | body3 = DD00FF | rightarm3 = DD00FF | shorts3 = DD00FF | socks3 = DD00FF }} {{Real Madrid CF active departments}} {{Real Madrid CF closed departments}} [[File:Celebrando el primer título de la temporada.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Real Madrid's players celebrating their 2008 [[Supercopa de España]] victory.]] '''Real Madrid Club de Fútbol''', sometimes known as '''Real Madrid''', is a [[Spain|Spanish]] [[Association football|football]] club from [[Madrid]], [[Spain]]. It was started in [[1902]] and competes in [[La Liga]] (the Spanish top league). The "Real" in the club's name is Spanish for "royal", because it was blessed by the King of Spain in [[1920]]. Real Madrid has won [[La Liga]] 34 times and the [[Copa del Rey]] (King's Cup) 19 times, the most out of any team in the league. It has also won the [[UEFA Champions League]] a record 15 times and the [[UEFA Cup]] twice. Real Madrid was recognised as the FIFA Club of the 20th Century on 11 December 2000, and received the FIFA Centennial Order of Merit on 20 May 2004. In June 2017, the team succeeded in becoming the first club to win the [[UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] twice in a row. In 2018, Madrid made history by becoming the first club in recent history to win the Champions League three times in a row. They beat [[Liverpool F.C.]] 3–1 in [[2018 UEFA Champions League Final|the final]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ubha|first=Ravi|date=27 May 2018|title=Real Madrid beats Liverpool 3-1 to win Champions League, make more history|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/05/26/football/champions-league-real-madrid-liverpool-football-kiev-spt/index.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=9 December 2020|publisher=CNN|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Taylor|first=Daniel|date=26 May 2018|title=Real Madrid win Champions League as brilliant Bale sinks Liverpool|language=en-GB|work=The Observer|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/may/26/real-madrid-liverpool-champions-league-final-match-report|access-date=9 December 2020|issn=0029-7712}}</ref> Since it began, Real Madrid has since spent all of its history in La Liga, and has never been [[Relegation|relegated]] down to a lower level. This shows how strong they have been just to stay in the top flight of Spanish football. In the 1940s, the club, the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium and the [[Ciudad Deportiva, Madrid|Ciudad Deportiva]] were rebuilt after the [[Spanish Civil War]]. The club became a major force in both Spanish and European football during the 1950s. In the 1980s, the club had one of the best teams in Spain and Europe (known as ''[[Quinta del Buitre|La Quinta del Buitre]]''). They had won two UEFA Cups, five Spanish championships in a row, one Spanish cup and three Spanish Super Cups. The club has bought and had many famous footballers, including [[Ronaldo]], [[David Beckham]], [[Zinedine Zidane]], [[Michael Owen]], [[Cristiano Ronaldo]], [[Kaká]] and other very famous footballers. The most expensive player is [[Gareth Bale]] who was bought for 85.3 million pounds from [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] of the [[English Premier League]]. The club's traditional home colours are all white. Its crest has been changed several times in attempts to modernise or re-brand. The current crest is a modified version of the one first adopted in the 1920s. Real's home stadium is the 81,044 capacity [[Santiago Bernabéu Stadium]] in [[Madrid]], where it has played since 1947. Unlike most European football clubs, Real Madrid's members (''socios'') have owned and operated the club since it was opened. Real is the world's most valuable club.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2008/34/biz_soccer08_Real-Madrid_340002.html|title=#2 Real Madrid |website=Forbes}}</ref> Real Madrid has won 34 La Liga titles. == Rivalries == === El Clásico === There is a strong rivalry between the two strongest teams in [[La Liga]], which are Real Madrid and [[F.C. Barcelona|FC Barcelona]], where the game between them is known as "''[[El Clásico]]"'' ("The Classic"). === Madrid Derby === The club's nearest neighboring club is [[Atlético Madrid]], and matches between them are known as "[[Madrid Derby]]". A strong rivalry is shared between fans of both teams. == Current Squad == ===Current Squad=== {{updated|13 October 2024}}<ref name="Squad">{{Cite web|title=Real Madrid squad {{!}} Real Madrid CF|url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en/football/squad|access-date=13 October 2024|website=Real Madrid C.F. - Web Oficial}}</ref>{{Fs start}} {{Fs player|no=1|pos=GK|nat=BEL|name=[[Thibaut Courtois]]}} {{Fs player|other=|no=2|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=[[Dani Carvajal]]}} {{Fs player|no=3|pos=DF|nat=BRA|name=[[Éder Militão]]}} {{Fs player|other=Injured|no=4|pos=DF|nat=AUT|name=[[David Alaba]]}} {{Fs player|no=5|pos=MF|nat=ENG|name=[[Jude Bellingham]]}} {{Fs player|no=35|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=Raul Asencio}} {{Fs player|no=7|pos=FW|nat=BRA|name=[[Vinicius Jr]]}} {{Fs player|no=24|pos=DF|nat=SPA|name=Dean Huijsen}} {{Fs player|no=9|pos=FW|nat=FRA|name=[[Kylian Mbappé]]|other=}}<ref name="Squad" /> {{Fs player|other=Leaving at the end of the season|no=10|pos=MF|nat=CRO|name=[[Luka Modrić]]}} {{Fs player|no=12|pos=DF|nat=ENG|name=Trent Alexander-Arnold}} {{Fs player|no=17|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=Lucas Vazquez|other=}}<ref name="Squad" /> {{Fs player|no=13|pos=GK|nat=UKR|name=[[Andriy Lunin]]}} {{Fs mid}} {{Fs player|no=22|pos=DF|nat=Germany|name=[[Antonio Rudiger]]}} {{Fs player|no=8|pos=MF|nat=URU|name=[[Federico Valverde]]}} {{Fs player|no=16|pos=FW|nat=BRA|name=[[Endrick]]}} {{Fs player|no=15|pos=MF|nat=Turkey|name=[[Arda Guler]]}} {{Fs player|no=18|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=[[Jesús Vallejo]]}} {{Fs player|no=19|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Dani Ceballos]]}} {{Fs player|no=20|pos=DF|nat=BRA|name=[[Fran García]]}} {{Fs player|no=11|pos=FW|nat=BRA|name=[[Rodrygo]]}} {{Fs player|no=6|pos=MF|nat=FRA|name=[[Eduardo Camavinga]]}} {{Fs player|no=23|pos=DF|nat=FRA|name=[[Ferland Mendy]]}} {{Fs player|no=21|pos=FW|nat=Morocco|name=[[Brahim Diaz]]}} {{Fs player|no=14|pos=MF|nat=FRA|name=[[Aurelien Tchouameni]]}} {{Fs end}} == Honours == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center;" |+Real Madrid CF honours !Type !Competition !Titles !Seasons |- |rowspan="5" |'''Domestic''' ! scope=col|[[La Liga]]<ref name="FH">{{cite web |title=Football honours |url=http://www.realmadrid.com/en/about-real-madrid/honours/football |accessdate= 11 May 2017 |location=Madrid, Spain |publisher=Real Madrid Club de Fútbol }}</ref> |bgcolor="gold"|35 |align="left"|[[1953–54 La Liga|1953–54]], [[1954–55 La Liga|1954–55]], [[1956–57 La Liga|1956–57]], [[1957–58 La Liga|1957–58]], [[1960–61 La Liga|1960–61]], [[1961–62 La Liga|1961–62]], [[1962–63 La Liga|1962–63]], [[1963–64 La Liga|1963–64]], [[1964–65 La Liga|1964–65]], [[1966–67 La Liga|1966–67]], [[1967–68 La Liga|1967–68]], [[1968–69 La Liga|1968–69]], [[1971–72 La Liga|1971–72]], [[1974–75 La Liga|1974–75]], [[1975–76 La Liga|1975–76]], [[1977–78 La Liga|1977–78]], [[1978–79 La Liga|1978–79]], [[1979–80 La Liga|1979–80]], [[1985–86 La Liga|1985–86]], [[1986–87 La Liga|1986–87]], [[1987–88 La Liga|1987–88]], [[1988–89 La Liga|1988–89]], [[1989–90 La Liga|1989–90]], [[1994–95 La Liga|1994–95]], [[1996–97 La Liga|1996–97]], [[2000–01 La Liga|2000–01]], [[2002–03 La Liga|2002–03]], [[2006–07 La Liga|2006–07]], [[2007–08 La Liga|2007–08]], [[2011–12 La Liga|2011–12]], [[2016–17 La Liga|2016–17]], [[2019–20 La Liga|2019–20]] , 2021-22 |- ! scope=col|[[Copa del Rey|Copa del Generalísimo/Copa del Rey]]<ref name=FH /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/deporte/futbol/copa-rey/palmares.html |title=Copa del Rey – Palmarés |website=Marca|location=Spain |accessdate=11 May 2017 |language=Spanish}}</ref> |align="center"|19 |align="left"|[[1905 Copa del Rey|1905]], [[1906 Copa del Rey|1906]], [[1907 Copa del Rey|1907]], [[1908 Copa del Rey|1908]], [[1917 Copa del Rey|1917]], [[1934 Copa del Rey|1934]], [[1936 Copa del Rey|1936]], [[1946 Copa del Rey|1946]], [[1947 Copa del Rey|1947]], [[1961–62 Copa del Rey|1961–62]], [[1969–70 Copa del Rey|1969–70]], [[1973–74 Copa del Rey|1973–74]], [[1974–75 Copa del Rey|1974–75]], [[1979–80 Copa del Rey|1979–80]], [[1981–82 Copa del Rey|1981–82]], [[1988–89 Copa del Rey|1988–89]], [[1992–93 Copa del Rey|1992–93]], [[2010–11 Copa del Rey|2010–11]], [[2013–14 Copa del Rey|2013–14]] |- ! scope=col|[[Supercopa de España]]<ref name=FH /><ref name="Supercopa">{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tabless/spansupcuphist.html |author1=Carnicero, José |author2=Torre, Raúl |author3=Ferrer, Carles Lozano |title=Spain&nbsp;– List of Super Cup Finals |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF) |date=25 August 2016 |accessdate=11 May 2017}}</ref> |align="center"|11 |align="left"|[[1988 Supercopa de España|1988]], 1989, [[1990 Supercopa de España|1990]], [[1993 Supercopa de España|1993]], [[1997 Supercopa de España|1997]], [[2001 Supercopa de España|2001]], [[2003 Supercopa de España|2003]], [[2008 Supercopa de España|2008]], [[2012 Supercopa de España|2012]], [[2017 Supercopa de España|2017]], [[2019–20 Supercopa de España|2019–20]] |- ! scope=col|[[Copa Eva Duarte]] |align="center"|1 |align="left"|1947 |- ! scope=col|[[Copa de la Liga]]<ref name=FH /> |align="center"|1 |align="left"|[[1985 Copa de la Liga|1985]] |- | rowspan="3" |'''Continent''' ! scope=col|[[UEFA Champions League|European Cup/UEFA Champions League]]<ref name=FH /> |bgcolor="gold"|'''15''' |align="left"|[[1955–56 European Cup|1955–56]], [[1956–57 European Cup|1956–57]], [[1957–58 European Cup|1957–58]], [[1958–59 European Cup|1958–59]], [[1959–60 European Cup|1959–60]], [[1965–66 European Cup|1965–66]], [[1997–98 UEFA Champions League|1997–98]], [[1999–2000 UEFA Champions League|1999–2000]], [[2001–02 UEFA Champions League|2001–02]], [[2013–14 UEFA Champions League|2013–14]], [[2015–16 UEFA Champions League|2015–16]], [[2016–17 UEFA Champions League|2016–17]], [[2017–18 UEFA Champions League|2017–18]] 2021-22 2023-24 |- ! scope=col|[[UEFA Cup]]<ref name=FH /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/history/index.html |title=From Fairs Cup via UEFA Cup to UEFA Europa League |quote=The UEFA Europa League evolved from the UEFA Cup, which itself was conceived by Switzerland's Ernst Thommen, along with Italy's Ottorino Barrasi and England's Sir Stanley Rous. |accessdate=11 May 2017 |publisher=UEFA }}</ref> |align="center"|2 |align="left"|[[1984–85 UEFA Cup|1984–85]], [[1985–86 UEFA Cup|1985–86]] |- ! scope=col|[[UEFA Super Cup]]<ref name=FH /> |align="center"|4 |align="left"|[[2002 UEFA Super Cup|2002]], [[2014 UEFA Super Cup|2014]], [[2016 UEFA Super Cup|2016]], [[2017 UEFA Super Cup|2017]] |- | rowspan="2" |'''Worldwide''' ! scope=col|[[Intercontinental Cup (football)|Intercontinental Cup]]<ref name=FH /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablest/toyota.html |title=Intercontinental Club Cup |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation |date=30 April 2005 |accessdate=9 August 2010 |author1=Magnani, Loris |author2=Stokkermans, Karel }}</ref> |bgcolor="gold"|'''3'''{{smallsup|s}} |align="left"|[[1960 Intercontinental Cup|1960]], [[1998 Intercontinental Cup|1998]], [[2002 Intercontinental Cup|2002]] |- ! scope=col|[[FIFA Club World Cup]]<ref name=FH /> |bgcolor="gold"|'''4''' |align="left"|[[2014 FIFA Club World Cup|2014]], [[2016 FIFA Club World Cup|2016]], [[2017 FIFA Club World Cup|2017]], [[2018 FIFA Club World Cup|2018]] |} * {{legend|gold|record}} * {{smallsup|S}} shared record == League position == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |align="center"|Season||align="center"|League||align="center"|Position |- |2000/01||[[La Liga]]||Champions |- |2001/02||[[La Liga]]||3rd |- |2002/03||[[La Liga]]||Champions |- |2003/04||[[La Liga]]||4th |- |2004/05||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |2005/06||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |2006/07||[[La Liga]]||Champions |- |2007/08||[[La Liga]]||Champions |- |2008/09||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |2009/10||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |2010/11||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |2011/12||[[La Liga]]||Champions |- |2012/13||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |2013/14||[[La Liga]]||3rd |- |2014/15||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |2015/16||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |2016/17||[[La Liga]]||Champions |- |2017/18||[[La Liga]]||3rd |- |2018/19||[[La Liga]]||3rd |- |2019/20||[[La Liga]]||Champions |- |2020/21||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |} === Former position === {{scroll box|width=75%| * 1929 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1929/30 : [[La Liga]] - 5th * 1930/31 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1931/32 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1932/33 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1933/34 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1934/35 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1935/36 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1939/40 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1940/41 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1941/42 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1942/43 : [[La Liga]] - 10th * 1943/44 : [[La Liga]] - 7th * 1944/45 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1945/46 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1946/47 : [[La Liga]] - 7th * 1947/48 : [[La Liga]] - 11th * 1948/49 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1949/50 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1950/51 : [[La Liga]] - 9th * 1951/52 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1952/53 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1953/54 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1954/55 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1955/56 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1956/57 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1957/58 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1958/59 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1959/60 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1960/61 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1961/62 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1962/63 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1963/64 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1964/65 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1965/66 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1966/67 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1967/68 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1968/69 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1969/70 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1970/71 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1971/72 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1972/73 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1973/74 : [[La Liga]] - 8th * 1974/75 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1975/76 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1976/77 : [[La Liga]] - 9th * 1977/78 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1978/79 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1979/80 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1980/81 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1981/82 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1982/83 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1983/84 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1984/85 : [[La Liga]] - 5th * 1985/86 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1986/87 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1987/88 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1988/89 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1989/90 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1990/91 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1991/92 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1992/93 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1993/94 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1994/95 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1995/96 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1996/97 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1997/98 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1998/99 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1999/00 : [[La Liga]] - 5th }} == Reserve Team == {{main|Real Madrid Castilla}} == Most expensive players == {| class="wikitable" |- ! !Player !From !Transfer Fee<br />([[British Pound|£]] millions)<ref name="History of the world transfer record">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/8085391.stm |title=History of the world transfer record | date=11 June 2009 |accessdate=6 August 2009 |publisher=BBC Sport }}</ref><ref name="transfers">{{cite web|url=http://www.footballtransfers.co.uk/transfers/rectrans.php |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825144402/http://www.footballtransfers.co.uk/transfers/rectrans.php |archivedate=25 August 2007 |title=World's Highest Transfer Fees |date=25 August 2007 |accessdate=25 September 2013}}</ref> !Transfer Fee ([[Euro|€]] millions) !Date !Ref |- |rowspan="2" |1 |{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Eden Hazard]] |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] |£89 |€100 |June 2019 |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nakrani|first=Sachin|date=7 June 2019|title=Eden Hazard confirms he is set to join Real Madrid from Chelsea for £88.5m|url=http://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/jun/07/eden-hazard-completes-move-from-chelsea-to-real-madrid|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=9 December 2020|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> |- ||{{flagicon|WAL}} [[Gareth Bale]]||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]||£86||€100||September 2013||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/23538218|title=Gareth Bale joins Real Madrid from Spurs in £85m world record deal|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> |- |3||{{flagicon|POR}} [[Cristiano Ronaldo]]||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]||£80||€96||June 2009|| <ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/8121951.stm|title=Ronaldo completes £80m Real move|website=news.bbc.co.uk|date=July 2009 }}</ref> |- |4||{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Zinedine Zidane]]||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]]||£46.6||€76||July 2001||<ref name="Zidane makes record Real switch">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/1421741.stm |title=Zidane makes record Real switch | date=9 July 2001 |accessdate=6 September 2008 |publisher=BBC Sport }}</ref> |- |5||{{flagicon|COL}} [[James Rodríguez]]||{{flagicon|FRA}} [[AS Monaco FC|Monaco]]||£63||€75||July 2014||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/28418131|title=James Rodriguez: Real Madrid sign Monaco forward|date=22 July 2014|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> |- |6||{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Kaká]]||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[A.C. Milan|Milan]]||£56||€67||June 2009||<ref name="Kaka completes Real Madrid switch">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/8082147.stm |title=Kaka completes Real Madrid switch | date=9 June 2009 |accessdate=6 August 2009 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> |- |7||{{flagicon|POR}} [[Luís Figo]]||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]||£37||€62||July 2000||<ref name="Figo's the Real deal">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/848836.stm |title=Figo's the Real deal | date=24 July 2000 |accessdate=6 August 2009 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> |- |8 |{{flagicon|SRB}} {{sortname|Luka|Jović}} |{{flagicon|GER}} [[Eintracht Frankfurt]] |£52.4 |€60 |June 2019 | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |last=Ostlere |first=Lawrence |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/transfers/real-madrid-transfer-news-luka-jovic-frankfurt-contract-fee-a8943381.html |title=Real Madrid confirm Luka Jovic transfer from Frankfurt on six-year contact for fee exceeding £50m |date=4 June 2019 |accessdate=20 September 2020 |work=The Independent}}</ref> |- |9 |{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Éder Militão]] |{{flagicon|POR}} [[FC Porto|Porto]] |£43 |€50 |July 2019 |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/real-madrid/2019/03/14/5c8a398122601d221c8b4584.html |title=Official: Real Madrid sign Militao |date= July 2019|publisher=Marca|language=English}}</ref> |- |10 |{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Ferland Mendy]] |{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Olympique Lyonnais|Lyon]] |£42.7 |€48 |June 2019 |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2840754-ferland-mendy-signs-6-year-real-madrid-contract-completes-transfer-from-lyon |title=Ferland Mendy Signs 6-Year Real Madrid Contract, Completes Transfer from Lyon |publisher=Bleacher Report|language=English}}</ref> |} == References == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="Real Madrid turns 106 (I)">{{cite web | title = Pre-history and first official title (1900–1910) | url = http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/1202730681095/noticia/Noticia/Real_Madrid_turns_106_(I).htm | publisher = Realmadrid.com | access-date = 12 July 2008 | author = Luís Miguel González | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081229094130/http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/1202730681095/noticia/Noticia/Real_Madrid_turns_106_%28I%29.htm | archive-date = 29 December 2008}}</ref> }} {{La Liga teamlist}} [[Category:Spanish football clubs]] [[Category:Madrid]] [[Category:1902 establishments in Europe]] [[Category:1900s establishments in Spain]] 3b4cpil4z5smer4ybxs8w61mdzi6xuc 10367712 10367707 2025-07-02T13:48:41Z 212.219.116.205 10367712 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|Real Madrid|the basketball team|Real Madrid Baloncesto}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}} {{Outdated}} {{Infobox football club | clubname = Real Madrid | image = | upright = 0.7 | fullname = Real Madrid Club de Fútbol<ref name="Real Madrid Club de Fútbol">{{cite web| title = Real Madrid Club de Fútbol | url = https://www.laliga.es/laliga-santander/real-madrid| publisher = Liga de Fútbol Profesional | access-date =6 January 2019| language=es}}</ref> | short name = | founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1902|3|6}}<br />as ''Madrid Football Club''<ref name="Real Madrid turns 106 (I)"/> | nickname = {{Nowrap|''Los Blancos'' (The Whites)}}<br />{{Nowrap|''Los Merengues'' (The Meringues)}}<br />{{Nowrap|''Los Vikingos'' (The Vikings)}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ligadecampeones.com/los-vikingos-arrasan-europa-98430/ |title=Los vikingos arrasan Europa |website=Ligadecampeones.com |date=23 November 1960 |access-date=18 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425012233/http://ligadecampeones.com/los-vikingos-arrasan-europa-98430/ |archive-date=25 April 2014 }}</ref><br /> {{Nowrap|''La Casa Blanca'' (The White House)}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.as.com/en/2018/12/07/football/1544187628_452267.html|title=D'Onofrio: "I always support Real Madrid; Bernabéu came to my house"|date=7 December 2018|website=As.com|access-date=2 January 2019|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806173933/https://en.as.com/en/2018/12/07/football/1544187628_452267.html|url-status=dead}} *{{cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/12/spanish-football/2009/06/24/1343629/real-madrid-expecting-25000-fans-at-the-bernabeu-for|title=Real Madrid Expecting 25,000 Fans at the Bernabeu For Cristiano Ronaldo Presentation|website=Goal.com|access-date=24 June 2009|date=24 June 2009}} *{{cite web|url=https://vaaju.com/perueng/transfer-real-madrid-mariano-diaz-said-the-white-house-can-not-be-said-no-france/|title=Transfer Real Madrid: Mariano Diaz said the "White House" "can not be said no"|website=Vaaju.com|access-date=10 August 2018|date=10 August 2018}}</ref> <!-- Los Galacticos is not a nickname for the club; it refers to a group of players only. -->| ground = [[Santiago Bernabéu Stadium|Estadio Santiago Bernabéu]] | capacity = 85,454<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.realmadrid.com/en/santiago-bernabeu-stadium|title=Santiago Bernabéu Stadium {{!}} Real Madrid CF|publisher=Real Madrid CF|access-date=3 November 2020|language=en|website=www.realmadrid.com}}</ref> | chrtitle = President | chairman = [[Florentino Pérez]] | mgrtitle = Head coach | manager = [[Xabi Alonso]] | league = [[La Liga]] | season = [[2024–25 La Liga|2024–25]] | current = 2024-25Real Madrid CF season | position = La Liga, 2nd of 20 | website = http://www.realmadrid.com | pattern_name1 = Home | pattern_la1 = _RM1981 | pattern_b1 = _rmcf8586h | pattern_ra1 = _RM1981 | pattern_sh1 = _RM1981 | pattern_so1 = _RM1981 | leftarm1 = FFFFFF | body1 = FFFFFF | rightarm1 = FFFFFF | shorts1 = FFFFFF | socks1 = FFFFFF | pattern_la2 = _rosenborg24a | pattern_b2 = _rosenborg24a | pattern_ra2 = _rosenborg24a | pattern_sh2 = _adidas_green | pattern_so2 = _3_stripes_green | leftarm2 = 000000 | body2 = 000000 | rightarm2 = 000000 | shorts2 = 000000 | socks2 = 000000 | pattern_name3 = Third | pattern_la3 = _RM1981A | pattern_b3 = _RM1982A | pattern_ra3 = _RM1981A | pattern_sh3 = _RM1982A | pattern_so3 = _RM1981A | leftarm3 = DD00FF | body3 = DD00FF | rightarm3 = DD00FF | shorts3 = DD00FF | socks3 = DD00FF }} {{Real Madrid CF active departments}} {{Real Madrid CF closed departments}} [[File:Celebrando el primer título de la temporada.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Real Madrid's players celebrating their 2008 [[Supercopa de España]] victory.]] '''Real Madrid Club de Fútbol''', sometimes known as '''Real Madrid''', is a [[Spain|Spanish]] [[Association football|football]] club from [[Madrid]], [[Spain]]. It was started in [[1902]] and competes in [[La Liga]] (the Spanish top league). The "Real" in the club's name is Spanish for "royal", because it was blessed by the King of Spain in [[1920]]. Real Madrid has won [[La Liga]] 34 times and the [[Copa del Rey]] (King's Cup) 19 times, the most out of any team in the league. It has also won the [[UEFA Champions League]] a record 15 times and the [[UEFA Cup]] twice. Real Madrid was recognised as the FIFA Club of the 20th Century on 11 December 2000, and received the FIFA Centennial Order of Merit on 20 May 2004. In June 2017, the team succeeded in becoming the first club to win the [[UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] twice in a row. In 2018, Madrid made history by becoming the first club in recent history to win the Champions League three times in a row. They beat [[Liverpool F.C.]] 3–1 in [[2018 UEFA Champions League Final|the final]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ubha|first=Ravi|date=27 May 2018|title=Real Madrid beats Liverpool 3-1 to win Champions League, make more history|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/05/26/football/champions-league-real-madrid-liverpool-football-kiev-spt/index.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=9 December 2020|publisher=CNN|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Taylor|first=Daniel|date=26 May 2018|title=Real Madrid win Champions League as brilliant Bale sinks Liverpool|language=en-GB|work=The Observer|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/may/26/real-madrid-liverpool-champions-league-final-match-report|access-date=9 December 2020|issn=0029-7712}}</ref> Since it began, Real Madrid has since spent all of its history in La Liga, and has never been [[Relegation|relegated]] down to a lower level. This shows how strong they have been just to stay in the top flight of Spanish football. In the 1940s, the club, the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium and the [[Ciudad Deportiva, Madrid|Ciudad Deportiva]] were rebuilt after the [[Spanish Civil War]]. The club became a major force in both Spanish and European football during the 1950s. In the 1980s, the club had one of the best teams in Spain and Europe (known as ''[[Quinta del Buitre|La Quinta del Buitre]]''). They had won two UEFA Cups, five Spanish championships in a row, one Spanish cup and three Spanish Super Cups. The club has bought and had many famous footballers, including [[Ronaldo]], [[David Beckham]], [[Zinedine Zidane]], [[Michael Owen]], [[Cristiano Ronaldo]], [[Kaká]] and other very famous footballers. The most expensive player is [[Gareth Bale]] who was bought for 85.3 million pounds from [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] of the [[English Premier League]]. The club's traditional home colours are all white. Its crest has been changed several times in attempts to modernise or re-brand. The current crest is a modified version of the one first adopted in the 1920s. Real's home stadium is the 81,044 capacity [[Santiago Bernabéu Stadium]] in [[Madrid]], where it has played since 1947. Unlike most European football clubs, Real Madrid's members (''socios'') have owned and operated the club since it was opened. Real is the world's most valuable club.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2008/34/biz_soccer08_Real-Madrid_340002.html|title=#2 Real Madrid |website=Forbes}}</ref> Real Madrid has won 34 La Liga titles. == Rivalries == === El Clásico === There is a strong rivalry between the two strongest teams in [[La Liga]], which are Real Madrid and [[F.C. Barcelona|FC Barcelona]], where the game between them is known as "''[[El Clásico]]"'' ("The Classic"). === Madrid Derby === The club's nearest neighboring club is [[Atlético Madrid]], and matches between them are known as "[[Madrid Derby]]". A strong rivalry is shared between fans of both teams. == Current Squad == ===Current Squad=== {{updated|13 October 2024}}<ref name="Squad">{{Cite web|title=Real Madrid squad {{!}} Real Madrid CF|url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en/football/squad|access-date=13 October 2024|website=Real Madrid C.F. - Web Oficial}}</ref>{{Fs start}} {{Fs player|no=1|pos=GK|nat=BEL|name=[[Thibaut Courtois]]}} {{Fs player|other=|no=2|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=[[Dani Carvajal]]}} {{Fs player|no=3|pos=DF|nat=BRA|name=[[Éder Militão]]}} {{Fs player|other=Injured|no=4|pos=DF|nat=AUT|name=[[David Alaba]]}} {{Fs player|no=5|pos=MF|nat=ENG|name=[[Jude Bellingham]]}} {{Fs player|no=35|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=Raul Asencio}} {{Fs player|no=7|pos=FW|nat=BRA|name=[[Vinicius Jr]]}} {{Fs player|no=24|pos=DF|nat=SPA|name=Dean Huijsen}} {{Fs player|no=9|pos=FW|nat=FRA|name=[[Kylian Mbappé]]|other=}}<ref name="Squad" /> {{Fs player|other=Leaving at the end of the season|no=10|pos=MF|nat=CRO|name=[[Luka Modrić]]}} {{Fs player|no=12|pos=DF|nat=ENG|name=Trent Alexander-Arnold}} {{Fs player|no=17|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=Lucas Vazquez|other=}}<ref name="Squad" /> {{Fs player|no=13|pos=GK|nat=UKR|name=[[Andriy Lunin]]}} {{Fs mid}} {{Fs player|no=22|pos=DF|nat=Germany|name=[[Antonio Rudiger]]}} {{Fs player|no=8|pos=MF|nat=URU|name=[[Federico Valverde]]}} {{Fs player|no=16|pos=FW|nat=BRA|name=[[Endrick]]}} {{Fs player|no=15|pos=MF|nat=Turkey|name=[[Arda Guler]]}} {{Fs player|no=18|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=[[Jesús Vallejo]]}} {{Fs player|no=19|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Dani Ceballos]]}} {{Fs player|no=20|pos=DF|nat=BRA|name=[[Fran García]]}} {{Fs player|no=11|pos=FW|nat=BRA|name=[[Rodrygo]]}} {{Fs player|no=6|pos=MF|nat=FRA|name=[[Eduardo Camavinga]]}} {{Fs player|no=23|pos=DF|nat=FRA|name=[[Ferland Mendy]]}} {{Fs player|no=21|pos=FW|nat=Morocco|name=[[Brahim Diaz]]}} {{Fs player|no=14|pos=MF|nat=FRA|name=[[Aurelien Tchouameni]]}} {{Fs end}} == Honours == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center;" |+Real Madrid CF honours !Type !Competition !Titles !Seasons |- |rowspan="5" |'''Domestic''' ! scope=col|[[La Liga]]<ref name="FH">{{cite web |title=Football honours |url=http://www.realmadrid.com/en/about-real-madrid/honours/football |accessdate= 11 May 2017 |location=Madrid, Spain |publisher=Real Madrid Club de Fútbol }}</ref> |bgcolor="gold"|36 |align="left"|[[1953–54 La Liga|1953–54]], [[1954–55 La Liga|1954–55]], [[1956–57 La Liga|1956–57]], [[1957–58 La Liga|1957–58]], [[1960–61 La Liga|1960–61]], [[1961–62 La Liga|1961–62]], [[1962–63 La Liga|1962–63]], [[1963–64 La Liga|1963–64]], [[1964–65 La Liga|1964–65]], [[1966–67 La Liga|1966–67]], [[1967–68 La Liga|1967–68]], [[1968–69 La Liga|1968–69]], [[1971–72 La Liga|1971–72]], [[1974–75 La Liga|1974–75]], [[1975–76 La Liga|1975–76]], [[1977–78 La Liga|1977–78]], [[1978–79 La Liga|1978–79]], [[1979–80 La Liga|1979–80]], [[1985–86 La Liga|1985–86]], [[1986–87 La Liga|1986–87]], [[1987–88 La Liga|1987–88]], [[1988–89 La Liga|1988–89]], [[1989–90 La Liga|1989–90]], [[1994–95 La Liga|1994–95]], [[1996–97 La Liga|1996–97]], [[2000–01 La Liga|2000–01]], [[2002–03 La Liga|2002–03]], [[2006–07 La Liga|2006–07]], [[2007–08 La Liga|2007–08]], [[2011–12 La Liga|2011–12]], [[2016–17 La Liga|2016–17]], [[2019–20 La Liga|2019–20]] , 2021-22, 2023-24 |- ! scope=col|[[Copa del Rey|Copa del Generalísimo/Copa del Rey]]<ref name=FH /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/deporte/futbol/copa-rey/palmares.html |title=Copa del Rey – Palmarés |website=Marca|location=Spain |accessdate=11 May 2017 |language=Spanish}}</ref> |align="center"|20 |align="left"|[[1905 Copa del Rey|1905]], [[1906 Copa del Rey|1906]], [[1907 Copa del Rey|1907]], [[1908 Copa del Rey|1908]], [[1917 Copa del Rey|1917]], [[1934 Copa del Rey|1934]], [[1936 Copa del Rey|1936]], [[1946 Copa del Rey|1946]], [[1947 Copa del Rey|1947]], [[1961–62 Copa del Rey|1961–62]], [[1969–70 Copa del Rey|1969–70]], [[1973–74 Copa del Rey|1973–74]], [[1974–75 Copa del Rey|1974–75]], [[1979–80 Copa del Rey|1979–80]], [[1981–82 Copa del Rey|1981–82]], [[1988–89 Copa del Rey|1988–89]], [[1992–93 Copa del Rey|1992–93]], [[2010–11 Copa del Rey|2010–11]], [[2013–14 Copa del Rey|2013–14]], 2023-24 |- ! scope=col|[[Supercopa de España]]<ref name=FH /><ref name="Supercopa">{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tabless/spansupcuphist.html |author1=Carnicero, José |author2=Torre, Raúl |author3=Ferrer, Carles Lozano |title=Spain&nbsp;– List of Super Cup Finals |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF) |date=25 August 2016 |accessdate=11 May 2017}}</ref> |align="center"|14 |align="left"|1948,[[1988 Supercopa de España|1988]], 1989, [[1990 Supercopa de España|1990]], [[1993 Supercopa de España|1993]], [[1997 Supercopa de España|1997]], [[2001 Supercopa de España|2001]], [[2003 Supercopa de España|2003]], [[2008 Supercopa de España|2008]], [[2012 Supercopa de España|2012]], [[2017 Supercopa de España|2017]], [[2019–20 Supercopa de España|2019–20]], [[2021-22 supercopa|2021-22]], [[2023-24 supercopa|2023-24]] |- ! scope=col|[[Copa Eva Duarte]] |align="center"|1 |align="left"|1947 |- ! scope=col|[[Copa de la Liga]]<ref name=FH /> |align="center"|1 |align="left"|[[1985 Copa de la Liga|1985]] |- | rowspan="3" |'''Continent''' ! scope=col|[[UEFA Champions League|European Cup/UEFA Champions League]]<ref name=FH /> |bgcolor="gold"|'''15''' |align="left"|[[1955–56 European Cup|1955–56]], [[1956–57 European Cup|1956–57]], [[1957–58 European Cup|1957–58]], [[1958–59 European Cup|1958–59]], [[1959–60 European Cup|1959–60]], [[1965–66 European Cup|1965–66]], [[1997–98 UEFA Champions League|1997–98]], [[1999–2000 UEFA Champions League|1999–2000]], [[2001–02 UEFA Champions League|2001–02]], [[2013–14 UEFA Champions League|2013–14]], [[2015–16 UEFA Champions League|2015–16]], [[2016–17 UEFA Champions League|2016–17]], [[2017–18 UEFA Champions League|2017–18]] 2021-22 2023-24 |- ! scope=col|[[UEFA Cup]]<ref name=FH /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/history/index.html |title=From Fairs Cup via UEFA Cup to UEFA Europa League |quote=The UEFA Europa League evolved from the UEFA Cup, which itself was conceived by Switzerland's Ernst Thommen, along with Italy's Ottorino Barrasi and England's Sir Stanley Rous. |accessdate=11 May 2017 |publisher=UEFA }}</ref> |align="center"|2 |align="left"|[[1984–85 UEFA Cup|1984–85]], [[1985–86 UEFA Cup|1985–86]] |- ! scope=col|[[UEFA Super Cup]]<ref name=FH /> |align="center"|6 |align="left"|[[2002 UEFA Super Cup|2002]], [[2014 UEFA Super Cup|2014]], [[2016 UEFA Super Cup|2016]], [[2017 UEFA Super Cup|2017]] , 2022-23, 2024-25 |- | rowspan="2" |'''Worldwide''' ! scope=col|[[Intercontinental Cup (football)|Intercontinental Cup]]<ref name=FH /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablest/toyota.html |title=Intercontinental Club Cup |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation |date=30 April 2005 |accessdate=9 August 2010 |author1=Magnani, Loris |author2=Stokkermans, Karel }}</ref> |bgcolor="gold"|'''3'''{{smallsup|s}} |align="left"|[[1960 Intercontinental Cup|1960]], [[1998 Intercontinental Cup|1998]], [[2002 Intercontinental Cup|2002]] |- ! scope=col|[[FIFA Club World Cup]]<ref name=FH /> |bgcolor="gold"|'''6''' |align="left"|[[2014 FIFA Club World Cup|2014]], [[2016 FIFA Club World Cup|2016]], [[2017 FIFA Club World Cup|2017]], [[2018 FIFA Club World Cup|2018]] , 2022 , 2024 |} * {{legend|gold|record}} * {{smallsup|S}} shared record == League position == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |align="center"|Season||align="center"|League||align="center"|Position |- |2000/01||[[La Liga]]||Champions |- |2001/02||[[La Liga]]||3rd |- |2002/03||[[La Liga]]||Champions |- |2003/04||[[La Liga]]||4th |- |2004/05||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |2005/06||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |2006/07||[[La Liga]]||Champions |- |2007/08||[[La Liga]]||Champions |- |2008/09||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |2009/10||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |2010/11||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |2011/12||[[La Liga]]||Champions |- |2012/13||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |2013/14||[[La Liga]]||3rd |- |2014/15||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |2015/16||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |2016/17||[[La Liga]]||Champions |- |2017/18||[[La Liga]]||3rd |- |2018/19||[[La Liga]]||3rd |- |2019/20||[[La Liga]]||Champions |- |2020/21||[[La Liga]]||2nd |- |} === Former position === {{scroll box|width=75%| * 1929 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1929/30 : [[La Liga]] - 5th * 1930/31 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1931/32 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1932/33 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1933/34 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1934/35 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1935/36 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1939/40 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1940/41 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1941/42 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1942/43 : [[La Liga]] - 10th * 1943/44 : [[La Liga]] - 7th * 1944/45 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1945/46 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1946/47 : [[La Liga]] - 7th * 1947/48 : [[La Liga]] - 11th * 1948/49 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1949/50 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1950/51 : [[La Liga]] - 9th * 1951/52 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1952/53 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1953/54 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1954/55 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1955/56 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1956/57 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1957/58 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1958/59 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1959/60 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1960/61 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1961/62 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1962/63 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1963/64 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1964/65 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1965/66 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1966/67 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1967/68 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1968/69 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1969/70 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1970/71 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1971/72 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1972/73 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1973/74 : [[La Liga]] - 8th * 1974/75 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1975/76 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1976/77 : [[La Liga]] - 9th * 1977/78 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1978/79 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1979/80 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1980/81 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1981/82 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1982/83 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1983/84 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1984/85 : [[La Liga]] - 5th * 1985/86 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1986/87 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1987/88 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1988/89 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1989/90 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1990/91 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1991/92 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1992/93 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1993/94 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1994/95 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1995/96 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1996/97 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1997/98 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1998/99 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1999/00 : [[La Liga]] - 5th }} == Reserve Team == {{main|Real Madrid Castilla}} == Most expensive players == {| class="wikitable" |- ! !Player !From !Transfer Fee<br />([[British Pound|£]] millions)<ref name="History of the world transfer record">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/8085391.stm |title=History of the world transfer record | date=11 June 2009 |accessdate=6 August 2009 |publisher=BBC Sport }}</ref><ref name="transfers">{{cite web|url=http://www.footballtransfers.co.uk/transfers/rectrans.php |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825144402/http://www.footballtransfers.co.uk/transfers/rectrans.php |archivedate=25 August 2007 |title=World's Highest Transfer Fees |date=25 August 2007 |accessdate=25 September 2013}}</ref> !Transfer Fee ([[Euro|€]] millions) !Date !Ref |- |rowspan="2" |1 |{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Eden Hazard]] |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] |£89 |€100 |June 2019 |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nakrani|first=Sachin|date=7 June 2019|title=Eden Hazard confirms he is set to join Real Madrid from Chelsea for £88.5m|url=http://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/jun/07/eden-hazard-completes-move-from-chelsea-to-real-madrid|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=9 December 2020|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> |- ||{{flagicon|WAL}} [[Gareth Bale]]||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]||£86||€100||September 2013||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/23538218|title=Gareth Bale joins Real Madrid from Spurs in £85m world record deal|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> |- |3||{{flagicon|POR}} [[Cristiano Ronaldo]]||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]||£80||€96||June 2009|| <ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/8121951.stm|title=Ronaldo completes £80m Real move|website=news.bbc.co.uk|date=July 2009 }}</ref> |- |4||{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Zinedine Zidane]]||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]]||£46.6||€76||July 2001||<ref name="Zidane makes record Real switch">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/1421741.stm |title=Zidane makes record Real switch | date=9 July 2001 |accessdate=6 September 2008 |publisher=BBC Sport }}</ref> |- |5||{{flagicon|COL}} [[James Rodríguez]]||{{flagicon|FRA}} [[AS Monaco FC|Monaco]]||£63||€75||July 2014||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/28418131|title=James Rodriguez: Real Madrid sign Monaco forward|date=22 July 2014|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> |- |6||{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Kaká]]||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[A.C. Milan|Milan]]||£56||€67||June 2009||<ref name="Kaka completes Real Madrid switch">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/8082147.stm |title=Kaka completes Real Madrid switch | date=9 June 2009 |accessdate=6 August 2009 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> |- |7||{{flagicon|POR}} [[Luís Figo]]||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]||£37||€62||July 2000||<ref name="Figo's the Real deal">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/848836.stm |title=Figo's the Real deal | date=24 July 2000 |accessdate=6 August 2009 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> |- |8 |{{flagicon|SRB}} {{sortname|Luka|Jović}} |{{flagicon|GER}} [[Eintracht Frankfurt]] |£52.4 |€60 |June 2019 | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |last=Ostlere |first=Lawrence |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/transfers/real-madrid-transfer-news-luka-jovic-frankfurt-contract-fee-a8943381.html |title=Real Madrid confirm Luka Jovic transfer from Frankfurt on six-year contact for fee exceeding £50m |date=4 June 2019 |accessdate=20 September 2020 |work=The Independent}}</ref> |- |9 |{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Éder Militão]] |{{flagicon|POR}} [[FC Porto|Porto]] |£43 |€50 |July 2019 |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/real-madrid/2019/03/14/5c8a398122601d221c8b4584.html |title=Official: Real Madrid sign Militao |date= July 2019|publisher=Marca|language=English}}</ref> |- |10 |{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Ferland Mendy]] |{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Olympique Lyonnais|Lyon]] |£42.7 |€48 |June 2019 |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2840754-ferland-mendy-signs-6-year-real-madrid-contract-completes-transfer-from-lyon |title=Ferland Mendy Signs 6-Year Real Madrid Contract, Completes Transfer from Lyon |publisher=Bleacher Report|language=English}}</ref> |} == References == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="Real Madrid turns 106 (I)">{{cite web | title = Pre-history and first official title (1900–1910) | url = http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/1202730681095/noticia/Noticia/Real_Madrid_turns_106_(I).htm | publisher = Realmadrid.com | access-date = 12 July 2008 | author = Luís Miguel González | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081229094130/http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/1202730681095/noticia/Noticia/Real_Madrid_turns_106_%28I%29.htm | archive-date = 29 December 2008}}</ref> }} {{La Liga teamlist}} [[Category:Spanish football clubs]] [[Category:Madrid]] [[Category:1902 establishments in Europe]] [[Category:1900s establishments in Spain]] 36s2pjup22spsr96mvy3qud3yqmi4dj 0 10138 10367715 10362833 2025-07-02T13:51:18Z 2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand 10367715 wikitext text/x-wiki {{redlinks|date=September 2011}} {{Infobox country | native_name = {{ubl|{{native name|th|ราชอาณาจักรไทย|italics=off}}|{{lang|th-Latn|Ratcha-anachak Thai}}|{{native name|th|ประเทศไทย|italics=off}}|{{lang|th-Latn|Prathet Thai}}}} | conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Thailand | common_name = Thailand | image_flag = Flag of Thailand (non-standard colours 3).svg | image_coat = Emblem of Thailand.svg | symbol_type = Emblem | national_anthem = ''[[Thai National Anthem|Phleng Chat Thai]]''<br />({{lang-en|"Thai National Anthem"}})<div style="padding-top:0.5em;">[[File:Thai National Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg|center]]</div> ---- | royal_anthem = ''[[Sansoen Phra Barami]]''<br />({{lang-en|"Glorify His prestige"}})<div style="padding-top:0.5em;">[[File:Thai Royal Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg|center]]</div> | image_map = Location Thailand ASEAN.svg | map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=green|region=[[ASEAN]]|region_color=dark grey|legend=Location Thailand ASEAN.svg}} | capital = {{nowrap|[[Bangkok]] (Thai: ''Krung Thep'')¹}} | coordinates = {{Coord|13|45|N|100|29|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Thai language|Thai]]<!--Note: Central Thai is also the national language. --><ref name="CIA">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/thailand/ "Thailand"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610164345/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/thailand/|date=10 June 2021}}, ''The World Factbook''.</ref><!--Thai is the official language. English is a non-official secondary language.--> | languages = [[Central Thai language|Central Thai]], [[Isan language|Isan]], [[Northern Thai language|Lanna (Northern Thai)]], [[Southern Thai language|Dambro (Southern Thai)]], [[Karenic languages|Karen]], [[Kelantan-Pattani Malay|Pattani Malay]], [[Bangkok Malay]], [[Teochew dialect|Teochew]], [[Hokkien]] | languages_type = Spoken languages | languages_sub = yes | ethnic_groups = {{tree list}} *80% [[Thai people|Thai]] **37% Thai (Central Thai) **25% [[Isan people|Thai Lao (Northeastern Thai)]] **8% [[Northern Thai people|Lanna (Northern Thai)]] **8% [[Southern Thai language|Dambro (Southern Thai)]] **2% (Western Thai) * 12% [[Thai Chinese]] * 4% [[Khmer people|Khmer]] * 4% [[Thai Malays|Malays]] {{tree list/end}} | languages2_type = [[Official script]]s | languages2 = [[Thai alphabet]] | ethnic_groups = [[Thai people|Thai]] (75%)<br> {{*}}Northeastern Thai ([[Lao people|Isan]]) (34.2%)<br> {{*}}Central Thai (33.7%)<br> {{*}}Southern Thai (13.3%)<br> [[Thai Chinese|Chinese]] (14%)<br> [[Northern Khmer people|Khmer]] (4%)<br> [[Malay people|Malay]] (4%)<br> [[India people|Tamil]] (3%)<br> Other (1%) | ethnic_groups_year = 2009<ref name=CIA/><ref>{{Citation |first=Barbara A. |last=West |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania |publisher=Facts on File |year=2009 |page=794}}</ref> | demonym = Thai | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary democracy]] and [[constitutional monarchy]] | leader_title1 = Monarch | leader_name1 = [[Vajiralongkorn|Maha Vajiralongkorn]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Thailand|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] ([[suspension|suspended]])<ref name=PaetongtarnPM>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2848292/paetongtarn-shinawatra-elected-thailands-31st-prime-minister. Retrieved 2024-08-16</ref><br>[[Suriya Juangroongruangkit]] (acting) | legislature = [[National Assembly of Thailand|National Assembly]] | upper_house = [[Senate of Thailand|Senate]] | lower_house = {{nowrap|[[House of Representatives of Thailand|House of Representatives]]}} | sovereignty_type = [[History of Thailand|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Sukhothai Kingdom]] | established_date1 = 1238–1448 | established_event2 = [[Ayutthaya Kingdom]] | established_date2 = 1351–1767 | established_event3 = [[Thonburi Kingdom]] | established_date3 = 1768–1782 | established_event4 = [[Rattanakosin Kingdom]] | established_date4 = 6 April 1782 | established_event5 = {{nowrap|[[Siamese revolution of 1932|Constitutional monarchy]]}} | established_date5 = 24 June 1932 | established_event6 = [[2007 Constitution of Thailand|2007 Constitution]] | established_date6 = 24 August 2007 | area_rank = 51st | area_km2 = 513,120 | area_sq_mi = 198,115 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 0.4 (2,230 km²) | population_estimate = 66,720,153²<ref>{{cite web|url=http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf|title=|date=16 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716001724/http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf|archive-date=2011-07-16}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 20th | population_estimate_year = 2011 | population_census = 65,479,453<ref>National Statistics Office. "100th anniversary of population censuses in Thailand: Population and housing census 2010: 11th census of Thailand" (in Thai), online accessible at: [http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712002347/http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc |date=2012-07-12 }}, retrieved on 30 January 2012.</ref> | population_census_year = 2010 | population_density_km2 = 132.1 | population_density_sq_mi = 342 <!--Do remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 88th | GDP_PPP = $616.783 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=61&pr.y=20&sy=2010&ey=2015&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=578&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Report for Thailand|work=World Economic Outlook Database|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|accessdate=25 July 2011}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = 24th | GDP_PPP_year = 2011 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $9,598<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 84th | GDP_nominal = $332.47 billion<ref name=imf2/> <!--Do not edit!--> | GDP_nominal_rank = 30th | GDP_nominal_year = 2011 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $5,174<ref name=imf2/> <!--Do not edit!--> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 89th | Gini = 42.5 | Gini_rank = | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |title=Human Development Report |publisher=UNDP |year=2009 |accessdate=27 October 2011 |archive-date=16 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116234423/http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | Gini_year = 2009 | HDI = 0.682 | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNDP">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Tables.pdf|title= Human Development Report 2011 – Human development statistical annex|publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]]|pages=127–130|accessdate=2 November 2011}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 103rd | HDI_year = 2011 | currency = [[Thai baht|Baht]] (฿) | currency_code = THB | time_zone = | utc_offset = +7 | time_zone_DST = | DST_note = | utc_offset_DST = <!-- +N, where N is number of hours --> | cctld = [[.th]], [[.ไทย]] | drives_on = left | calling_code = [[+66]] | footnotes = <!--for any generic non-numbered footnotes--> | footnote1 = {{note|1}}Thai name: กรุงเทพมหานคร ''Krung Thep Maha Nakhon'' or ''Krung Thep''. The full name is กรุงเทพมหานคร อมรรัตนโกสินทร์ มหินทรายุทธยา มหาดิลกภพ นพรัตนราชธานีบุรีรมย์ อุดมราชนิเวศน์มหาสถาน อมรพิมานอวตารสถิต สักกะทัตติยะวิษณุกรรมประสิทธิ์ ''Krung Thep Mahanakhon Amon Rattanakosin Mahinthara Yuthaya Mahadilok Phop Noppharat Ratchathani Burirom Udomratchaniwet Mahasathan Amon Phiman Awatan Sathit Sakkathattiya Witsanukam Prasit''. | footnote2 = {{note|2}}According to the Department of Provincial Administration's [http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf official register], not taking into account unregistered citizens and immigrants. }} '''Thailand''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|aɪ|l|æ|n|d}} {{respell|TY|land}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|aɪ|l|ə|n|d}} {{respell|TY|lənd}};<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thailand |title=Merriam-Webster Online |publisher=Merriam-webster.com |date=25 April 2007 |accessdate=25 April 2010}}</ref> {{lang-th|ประเทศไทย}}, {{RTGS|Prathet Thai}}), officially the '''Kingdom of Thailand''' ({{lang-th|ราชอาณาจักรไทย}}, {{RTGS|Ratcha Anachak Thai}}; {{IPA-th|râːt.tɕʰā ʔāːnāːtɕàk tʰāj|IPA|Th-pratheidthai raachaanaajakthai.ogg}}<!--See and listen here: http://www.thai-language.com/id/210678-->), is a [[country]] in [[Southeast Asia]]. Its neighbours are [[Laos]], [[Cambodia]], [[Malaysia]], and [[Myanmar]]. Its name was '''Siam''' until [[June 24|June]] [[1939]]<ref name="ThaiCSM">[https://archive.today/20120729065613/http://www.csmngt.com/thailand_history.htm Thailand (Siam) History], CSMngt-Thai.</ref> and between 1945 and [[May 11]] [[1949]]. The word Thai (ไทย) comes from the ethnic group in the center of Thailand. Thailand is a [[constitutional monarchy]]. It has a [[King]] as a [[head of state]], who is [[Vajiralongkorn]] at the moment. Most people here (95 percent) follow the [[philosophy]] called [[Buddhism]]. Smaller number of people (4.4%), mostly to the south, follow [[Islam]]. Other religions in Thailand are [[Christianity]], [[Hinduism]], and [[Sikhism]]. [[Population]]: the total [[fertility rate]] was 1.3 (in 2019).<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2264075/low-birth-rate-worries-experts. Retrieved 15 Februar 2022</ref> Geography: The highest mountain is at 2,565 m (8,415 ft), [[:en:Doi_Inthanon|Doi Inthanon]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Doi_Inthanon picture].) The prime minister is [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] (since August 2024).<ref name=PaetongtarnPM/> ==History== A Buddhist kingdom named [[Sukhothai]] was founded here in [[1238]]. A century later, a bigger kingdom named Ayuthaya appeared south of Sukhothai. Later Sukhothai became a part of Ayuthaya. Ayuthaya existed for more than 400 years before its fall by the attack of a [[Burma|Burmese]] kingdom. A soldier of [[Chinese people|Chinese]] origin then founded a new capital city at Thonburi, and became King Tāksin. The founding of [[Bangkok]] as the capital city, was the start of the [[Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)]]. It was founded by King [[Rama I]] of the Chakri Dynasty<!--The current era, Rattanakosin, started on founding by King Rama I of Chakri Dynasty-->. Before [[1932]], Thailand was an [[absolute monarchy]]. On [[June 24]], 1932, a group of people did a [[coup]] and changed Thailand to a [[constitutional monarchy]]. It was not until [[1973]] that Thai people voted for a [[Prime Minister]] in an [[election]].<!--There were [[coup]]s both before and after this year.--> In 1951, there was a failed coup - the Manhattan Rebellion.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/1290939/shifting-thai-alliances-in-the-21st-century|title=Shifting Thai alliances in the 21st century|first=Bangkok Post Public Company|last=Limited|newspaper=Bangkok Post}}</ref> On [[September 19]], [[2006]], the army did a coup d'état and took control from [[Thaksin Shinawatra]]'s government. In May 2014, a new military coup d'état removed another government. In October [[2016]], [[Vajiralongkorn|Rama X]] became the new king. Between 1932 and 2014, Thailand had 12 coup d'etats. The [[2025 Cambodian–Thai border crisis]] started in May 2025; One Cambodian soldier was killed.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3044755/cambodian-troops-agree-to-retreat-from-thai-border#google_vignette. Retrieved 2025-06-09</ref> The conflict had not ended by the last week of June.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3056862/border-closure-spares-students-but-hits-local-business-hard. Retrieved 2025-06-25</ref><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3044826/cambodian-troops-agree-to-withdraw?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2025-06-09</ref> ==Provinces== Thailand is made up of 76 [[province]]s (จังหวัด, changwat), put into 5 groups. There are 2 specially governed districts: the capital Bangkok and Pattaya. The 76 provinces including Bangkok are as follows: [[File:Thailand provinces.png|right|250 px|thumb|Thailand provinces]] [[File:Thailand map CIA.png|right|thumb|Map of Thailand]] === Central === # [[Ang Thong Province|Ang Thong]] # [[Bangkok|Bangkok (Krung Thep Maha Nakhon)]], Special Governed District of # [[Chainat Province|Chai Nat]] # [[Kanchanaburi Province|Kanchanaburi]] # [[Lopburi Province|Lopburi]] # [[Nakhon Nayok Province|Nakhon Nayok]] # [[Nakhon Pathom Province|Nakhon Pathom]] # [[Nonthaburi Province|Nonthaburi]] # [[Pathum Thani Province|Pathum Thani]] # [[Phetchaburi Province|Phetchaburi]] # [[Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya]] # [[Prachuap Khiri Khan]] # [[Ratchaburi Province|Ratchaburi]] # [[Samut Prakan]] # [[Samut Sakhon]] # [[Samut Songkhram]] # [[Saraburi]] # [[Sing Buri]] # [[Suphan Buri]] === East === # [[Chachoengsao]] # [[Chanthaburi]] # [[Chonburi]] # [[Prachinburi]] # [[Rayong]] # [[Sa Kaeo]] # [[Trat]] === North === # [[Chiang Mai Province|Chiang Mai]] # [[Chiang Rai]] # [[Kamphaeng Phet Province|Kamphaeng Phet]] # [[Lampang Province|Lampang]] # [[Lamphun]] # [[Mae Hong Son]] # [[Nakhon Sawan]] # [[Nan]] # [[Phayao]] # [[Phetchabun Province|Phetchabun]] # [[Phichit]] # [[Phitsanulok]] # [[Phrae]] # [[Sukhothai]] # [[Tak Province|Tak]] # [[Uthai Thani]] # [[Uttaradit]] [[File:Chmwphrasingh0506e.jpg|right|thumb|222px|upright|Wat Phra Sing, [[Chiang Mai Province]] ]] === Northeast (Isan) === # [[Amnat Charoen]] # [[Bueng Kan]] # [[Buriram|Buri Ram]] # [[Chaiyaphum Province|Chaiyaphum]] # [[Kalasin]] # [[Khon Kaen]] # [[Loei Province|Loei]] # [[Maha Sarakham]] # [[Mukdahan]] # [[Nakhon Phanom]] # [[Nakhon Ratchasima Province|Nakhon Ratchasima]] # [[Nong Bua Lamphu]] # [[Nong Khai]] # [[Roi Et]] # [[Sakon Nakhon]] # [[Si Sa Ket]] # [[Surin]] # [[Ubon Ratchathani]] # [[Udon Thani]] # [[Yasothon]] === South === # [[Chumphon Province|Chumphon]] # [[Krabi]] # [[Nakhon Si Thammarat]] # [[Narathiwat]] # [[Pattani]] # [[Phang Nga province|Phang Nga]] # [[Phatthalung]] # [[Phuket]] # [[Rayong|Ranong]] # [[Satun]] # [[Songkhla]] # [[Surat Thani]] # [[Trang Province|Trang]] # [[Yala]]<!--'''NOTE''': In ''italics'' [1], that province is about the '''Greater Bangkok''' sub-region; in ''italics'' [2], that province is about the '''West''' sub-region.--> ==Economy== The [[economy]] of Thailand "is based on trade and [[investment]] in the [[agriculture|agricultural]] and [[tourism]] sectors, according to media.<ref name="ForeignDirectInvestment">https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2599545/horns-of-a-dilemma. [[Bangkok Post]]. Retrieved 2023-06-26</ref> In 2022, the country with investors that invested the most in Thailand, was Japan; Chinese investors had the second place.<ref name=ForeignDirectInvestment/> Industry had a contribution to the [[GDP]], of 43.9 percent (in 2007), and 14 percent of the workforce are in that sector (of the economy). Within that sector, ''[[manufacturing]]'' was the biggest part, and it had a contribution (to the GDP), with 34.5 (in 2004). As of 2025's first quarter, media said that there is "weakness [...] in the manufacturing sector, especially [[automotive]], [[petrochemical]]s and construction materials".<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/2969963/thai-growth-outlook-remains-stable. Retrieved 2025-02-28</ref> [[Agriculture in Thailand]]: Rice is the country's most important crop; Some 60 percent of Thailand's 13 million farmers grow that, according to media (2017). Amount of crops produced: [[sugarcane]];<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3010352/thai-firms-halt-syrup-production-as-chinas-ban-drags-on. Retrieved 2025-04-24</ref> [c. 104 million tons] or 104.3 million tons was harvested in 2018 (4th largest producer in the world); Rice, [c. 32 million tons or] 32.1 million tons (6th largest producer in the world); [[Cassava]], 31.6 million tons (2nd largest producer in the world). "The Thai-US trade volume has been roughly 6.0% of GDP", but on top of that significant amounts of Chinese goods are getting labels ''Made in Thailand'', while in many cases the goods were actually Made in China, according to media.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/3026007/thai-us-trade-talks-are-likely-to-fail?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2025-05-15</ref> "The US was Thailand's largest export market" in 2024; The U.S. imported things for $55 billion.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3024546/thailand-has-sent-trade-proposal-to-united-states-pm-says. Retrieved 2025-05-13</ref> The [[GDP growth]] (year 2024), was 2.5%.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/3036940/thailand-has-lost-its-last-growth-engine. Retrieved 2025-05-29</ref> In regard to trade with Cambodia: Exports were at 1.05 trillion baht (2024); Imports were at 767 billion baht.<ref name=ScrapMetal/> In regard to things that go thru border [[checkpoint]]s on the Cambodian-Thai border: "The largest [[volume]] of [things or] items included cassava and [[scrap metal]] needed for [[industrial processing]]", according to media in 2025.<ref name=ScrapMetal>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3060454/cambodia-spat-expected-to-cost-border-trade-b60bn. Retrieved 2025-06-30</ref> In 2014, [[Credit Suisse]] reported that Thailand was the world's third most unequal country, behind Russia and India.<ref name="BBC 2017" /> The top 10% richest held 79% of the country's assets.<ref name="BBC 2017" /> The top 1% held 58% of the assets.<ref name="BBC 2017">{{Cite news |last=พงศ์พิพัฒน์ บัญชานนท์ |date=18 June 2017 |script-title=th:ยิ่งนานยิ่งถ่าง ช่องว่างทางรายได้ ปัญหาใหญ่ที่รอ คสช. แก้ |language=th |work=[[BBC]] Thailand |url=http://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-40317663 |url-status=live |access-date=25 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514163313/https://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-40317663 |archive-date=14 May 2018}}</ref> ==Government== New members of the [[Cabinet of Thailand]] got [[approval]] from the king (September 2024).<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2859376/king-endorses-new-cabinet. Retrieved 2024-09-04</ref> The Cabinet members include *''foreign minister'' or [[minister of foreign affairs]]<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/2872893/thai-foreign-policy-needs-new-rudder?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2024-09-27</ref> *[[Ministry_of_Natural_Resources_and_Environment_(Thailand)|minister of natural resources and environment]].<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2859701/minister-faces-probe-regarding-state-land. Retrieved 2024-09-05</ref> *[[Narumon Pinyosinwat|Agriculture and Cooperatives Minister]]<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2862031/thamanat-chaperones-new-minister-on-flood-inspection. Retrieved 2024-09-09</ref> ==Armed conflict in the provinces Narathiwat, Pattani, and Yala== The [[South Thailand armed rebellion]] has its [[origin]]s from 1948;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/thailandmalay-muslims-1948-present/ |title=Thailand/Malay Muslims (1948–present) |publisher=University of Central Arkansas|access-date=30 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930013606/http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/thailandmalay-muslims-1948-present/|archive-date=30 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> It started as an ethnic and religious [[separatist]] [[armed rebellion]] in [[Patani (historical region)]]; Many [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay]] people live there; That region is made up of the three southernmost provinces of Thailand and parts of a fourth province (Songkhla); The conflict has become more complex and more violent since the early 2000s; [[Drug cartel]]s,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://library2.parliament.go.th/ebook/content-issue/2561/hi2561-002.pdf|title=ยาเสพติด : ปัญหาภัยแทรกซ้อนในจังหวัดชายแดนภาคใต้|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=5 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205150145/https://library2.parliament.go.th/ebook/content-issue/2561/hi2561-002.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.matichon.co.th/local/crime/news_1249219|title=ยิ่งจับยิ่งเยอะ รวบแก๊งค้ายาบ้าจังหวัดชายแดนใต้ พร้อมของกลางกว่า 7 แสนเม็ด|date=29 November 2018}}</ref> [[Smuggling|oil smuggling networks]],<ref name="น้ำมันเถื่อน"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/detail/597869|title=ผ่าเครือข่ายน้ำมันเถื่อนใต้ ผลประโยชน์หมื่นล้าน|website=bangkokbiznews.com/|date=8 August 2014}}</ref> and some [[Piracy|pirate]] raids have much to do with the violence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/detail/589207|title=แกะรอยเส้นทาง'เสี่ยโจ้'คนโตชายแดนใต้?|website=bangkokbiznews.com/|date=20 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.posttoday.com/social/local/332694|title=จับ8โจรสลัดปล้นเรืออินโดฯรุกน่านน้ำไทย|website=posttoday.com|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628160524/https://www.posttoday.com/social/local/332694|url-status=dead}}</ref> 57 people died (year 2023), in the conflict.<ref name="acleddata.com">{{cite web |url=https://acleddata.com/ |title=Conflict Index 2024 |website=Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) |access-date=1 March 2020 |archive-date=29 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129091359/https://acleddata.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Other information== Since 2025, using [[cannabis]] for fun, is (again) against the law.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3059036/thailands-cannabis-dreams-go-up-in-smoke. Retrieved 2025-06-29</ref><!--[[cannabis]] has again become a [[controlled substance]];--><ref name=ControlAndCriminalized>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-25 |title=Country bans recreational cannabis again in major blow to tourism |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/southeast-asia/thailand-cannabis-illegal-law-b2776598.html |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> [[Physician]]s and "Thai traditional doctors, [[Chinese medicine]] practitioners and [[pharmacist]]s [are some of those that] can [[authorization|authorise]] cannabis use", according to media.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3059036/thailands-cannabis-dreams-go-up-in-smoke. Retrieved 2025-06-29</ref><!--About the law becoming more strict about drug use. In October 2024, the government said that it will make a [[law]] or "[[regulation]] to tighten control of the production, import, export, sale and possession of [[cannabis]] and [[hemp]] [[extract]]s".--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2880868/cannabis-controls-to-be-tightened. Retrieved 2024-10-10</ref><!--Earlier (September 2024), media said that the country's [[lawmaker]]s were going to vote about a new law about use of [[cannabis]]; The [[law proposal]] says that "anyone who [... uses] cannabis or its [[extract]]s for uses not specified in the bill will face a fine of up to 60,000 baht"; Furthermore, the law proposal is also about putting limits on " marijuana uses to primarily [[health]] and [[medical]] purposes".--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2869153/thailand-unveils-new-bill-to-regulate-cannabis-while-keeping-it-legal. Retrieved 2024-09-20</ref><!--Authorities have said that from the first day of 2025, [[cannabis]] will be outlawed (again).--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2823881/cannabis-set-to-return-to-illegal-drugs-list-after-vote. [[Bangkok Post]]. Retrieved 2024-07-06</ref><!-- However, media said (July 2024) that new rules about [[criminalising]] cannabis (again), still have to [get [[approval]] from, or] "clear the [[Narcotics Control Board]];--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2834332/thailand-signals-another-u-turn-on-cannabis. Retrieved 2024-07-23</ref> [[Environmental issues]]: [[Industrial growth]] has created (much or) high levels of air pollution in Thailand. Vehicles and factories (give or) contribute to air pollution. Measurement of ''PM 2.5 pollution'' is one of the ways of measuring [[air pollution]]; In that way, the [[particulate]]s (in the atmosphere), that are smaller than 2.5 microns, get measured.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2943465/unsafe-pm2-5-levels-blanket-64-provinces. Retrieved 2025-01-20</ref> == References == === Footnotes === {{reflist|2|refs= <ref name=CIA>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html Thailand], CIA World Factbook.</ref> }} === Further reading === * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/th.html The United States CIA website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050612084026/http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/th.html |date=2005-06-12 }} == Other websites == {{sisterlinks|Thailand|voy=Thailand}} * [http://www.thaigov.go.th/ Thaigov.go.th Royal Government of Thailand] * [http://www.tourismthailand.org/ Tourism Authority of Thailand] Official tourism website * [http://www.parliament.go.th/files/mainpage.htm Thai National Assembly] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513022240/http://www.parliament.go.th/files/mainpage.htm |date=2008-05-13 }} Official Thai Parliament website * [http://www.mfa.go.th/ Mfa.go.th] Thailand Ministry of Foreign Affairs * [http://www.thaibirding.com Birdwatching in Thailand] * [http://www.learnthaiculture.com Learn Thai Culture.com] * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html CIA - The World Factbook - Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229000203/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html |date=2010-12-29 }} * [http://www.commonlanguageproject.net/?page_id=41#Thailand Thailand Country Fact Sheet] from the Common Language Project * [http://map.longdo.com/ Longdo Map Thailand] On-line Thailand map * [http://www.holiday-thai.com/ Holidays Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411000216/http://www.holiday-thai.com/ |date=2008-04-11 }} Holidays In Thailand {{Asia}} {{ASEAN}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Thailand| ]] [[Category:Current monarchies]] [[Category:Monarchies of Asia]] [[Category:1932 establishments in Asia]] 4nc292ow532pkag7xdv8hq53c89wacu 10367719 10367715 2025-07-02T13:55:37Z 2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA /* Government */ 10367719 wikitext text/x-wiki {{redlinks|date=September 2011}} {{Infobox country | native_name = {{ubl|{{native name|th|ราชอาณาจักรไทย|italics=off}}|{{lang|th-Latn|Ratcha-anachak Thai}}|{{native name|th|ประเทศไทย|italics=off}}|{{lang|th-Latn|Prathet Thai}}}} | conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Thailand | common_name = Thailand | image_flag = Flag of Thailand (non-standard colours 3).svg | image_coat = Emblem of Thailand.svg | symbol_type = Emblem | national_anthem = ''[[Thai National Anthem|Phleng Chat Thai]]''<br />({{lang-en|"Thai National Anthem"}})<div style="padding-top:0.5em;">[[File:Thai National Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg|center]]</div> ---- | royal_anthem = ''[[Sansoen Phra Barami]]''<br />({{lang-en|"Glorify His prestige"}})<div style="padding-top:0.5em;">[[File:Thai Royal Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg|center]]</div> | image_map = Location Thailand ASEAN.svg | map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=green|region=[[ASEAN]]|region_color=dark grey|legend=Location Thailand ASEAN.svg}} | capital = {{nowrap|[[Bangkok]] (Thai: ''Krung Thep'')¹}} | coordinates = {{Coord|13|45|N|100|29|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Thai language|Thai]]<!--Note: Central Thai is also the national language. --><ref name="CIA">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/thailand/ "Thailand"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610164345/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/thailand/|date=10 June 2021}}, ''The World Factbook''.</ref><!--Thai is the official language. English is a non-official secondary language.--> | languages = [[Central Thai language|Central Thai]], [[Isan language|Isan]], [[Northern Thai language|Lanna (Northern Thai)]], [[Southern Thai language|Dambro (Southern Thai)]], [[Karenic languages|Karen]], [[Kelantan-Pattani Malay|Pattani Malay]], [[Bangkok Malay]], [[Teochew dialect|Teochew]], [[Hokkien]] | languages_type = Spoken languages | languages_sub = yes | ethnic_groups = {{tree list}} *80% [[Thai people|Thai]] **37% Thai (Central Thai) **25% [[Isan people|Thai Lao (Northeastern Thai)]] **8% [[Northern Thai people|Lanna (Northern Thai)]] **8% [[Southern Thai language|Dambro (Southern Thai)]] **2% (Western Thai) * 12% [[Thai Chinese]] * 4% [[Khmer people|Khmer]] * 4% [[Thai Malays|Malays]] {{tree list/end}} | languages2_type = [[Official script]]s | languages2 = [[Thai alphabet]] | ethnic_groups = [[Thai people|Thai]] (75%)<br> {{*}}Northeastern Thai ([[Lao people|Isan]]) (34.2%)<br> {{*}}Central Thai (33.7%)<br> {{*}}Southern Thai (13.3%)<br> [[Thai Chinese|Chinese]] (14%)<br> [[Northern Khmer people|Khmer]] (4%)<br> [[Malay people|Malay]] (4%)<br> [[India people|Tamil]] (3%)<br> Other (1%) | ethnic_groups_year = 2009<ref name=CIA/><ref>{{Citation |first=Barbara A. |last=West |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania |publisher=Facts on File |year=2009 |page=794}}</ref> | demonym = Thai | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary democracy]] and [[constitutional monarchy]] | leader_title1 = Monarch | leader_name1 = [[Vajiralongkorn|Maha Vajiralongkorn]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Thailand|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] ([[suspension|suspended]])<ref name=PaetongtarnPM>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2848292/paetongtarn-shinawatra-elected-thailands-31st-prime-minister. Retrieved 2024-08-16</ref><br>[[Suriya Juangroongruangkit]] (acting) | legislature = [[National Assembly of Thailand|National Assembly]] | upper_house = [[Senate of Thailand|Senate]] | lower_house = {{nowrap|[[House of Representatives of Thailand|House of Representatives]]}} | sovereignty_type = [[History of Thailand|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Sukhothai Kingdom]] | established_date1 = 1238–1448 | established_event2 = [[Ayutthaya Kingdom]] | established_date2 = 1351–1767 | established_event3 = [[Thonburi Kingdom]] | established_date3 = 1768–1782 | established_event4 = [[Rattanakosin Kingdom]] | established_date4 = 6 April 1782 | established_event5 = {{nowrap|[[Siamese revolution of 1932|Constitutional monarchy]]}} | established_date5 = 24 June 1932 | established_event6 = [[2007 Constitution of Thailand|2007 Constitution]] | established_date6 = 24 August 2007 | area_rank = 51st | area_km2 = 513,120 | area_sq_mi = 198,115 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 0.4 (2,230 km²) | population_estimate = 66,720,153²<ref>{{cite web|url=http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf|title=|date=16 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716001724/http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf|archive-date=2011-07-16}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 20th | population_estimate_year = 2011 | population_census = 65,479,453<ref>National Statistics Office. "100th anniversary of population censuses in Thailand: Population and housing census 2010: 11th census of Thailand" (in Thai), online accessible at: [http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712002347/http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc |date=2012-07-12 }}, retrieved on 30 January 2012.</ref> | population_census_year = 2010 | population_density_km2 = 132.1 | population_density_sq_mi = 342 <!--Do remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 88th | GDP_PPP = $616.783 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=61&pr.y=20&sy=2010&ey=2015&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=578&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Report for Thailand|work=World Economic Outlook Database|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|accessdate=25 July 2011}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = 24th | GDP_PPP_year = 2011 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $9,598<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 84th | GDP_nominal = $332.47 billion<ref name=imf2/> <!--Do not edit!--> | GDP_nominal_rank = 30th | GDP_nominal_year = 2011 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $5,174<ref name=imf2/> <!--Do not edit!--> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 89th | Gini = 42.5 | Gini_rank = | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |title=Human Development Report |publisher=UNDP |year=2009 |accessdate=27 October 2011 |archive-date=16 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116234423/http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | Gini_year = 2009 | HDI = 0.682 | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNDP">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Tables.pdf|title= Human Development Report 2011 – Human development statistical annex|publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]]|pages=127–130|accessdate=2 November 2011}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 103rd | HDI_year = 2011 | currency = [[Thai baht|Baht]] (฿) | currency_code = THB | time_zone = | utc_offset = +7 | time_zone_DST = | DST_note = | utc_offset_DST = <!-- +N, where N is number of hours --> | cctld = [[.th]], [[.ไทย]] | drives_on = left | calling_code = [[+66]] | footnotes = <!--for any generic non-numbered footnotes--> | footnote1 = {{note|1}}Thai name: กรุงเทพมหานคร ''Krung Thep Maha Nakhon'' or ''Krung Thep''. The full name is กรุงเทพมหานคร อมรรัตนโกสินทร์ มหินทรายุทธยา มหาดิลกภพ นพรัตนราชธานีบุรีรมย์ อุดมราชนิเวศน์มหาสถาน อมรพิมานอวตารสถิต สักกะทัตติยะวิษณุกรรมประสิทธิ์ ''Krung Thep Mahanakhon Amon Rattanakosin Mahinthara Yuthaya Mahadilok Phop Noppharat Ratchathani Burirom Udomratchaniwet Mahasathan Amon Phiman Awatan Sathit Sakkathattiya Witsanukam Prasit''. | footnote2 = {{note|2}}According to the Department of Provincial Administration's [http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf official register], not taking into account unregistered citizens and immigrants. }} '''Thailand''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|aɪ|l|æ|n|d}} {{respell|TY|land}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|aɪ|l|ə|n|d}} {{respell|TY|lənd}};<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thailand |title=Merriam-Webster Online |publisher=Merriam-webster.com |date=25 April 2007 |accessdate=25 April 2010}}</ref> {{lang-th|ประเทศไทย}}, {{RTGS|Prathet Thai}}), officially the '''Kingdom of Thailand''' ({{lang-th|ราชอาณาจักรไทย}}, {{RTGS|Ratcha Anachak Thai}}; {{IPA-th|râːt.tɕʰā ʔāːnāːtɕàk tʰāj|IPA|Th-pratheidthai raachaanaajakthai.ogg}}<!--See and listen here: http://www.thai-language.com/id/210678-->), is a [[country]] in [[Southeast Asia]]. Its neighbours are [[Laos]], [[Cambodia]], [[Malaysia]], and [[Myanmar]]. Its name was '''Siam''' until [[June 24|June]] [[1939]]<ref name="ThaiCSM">[https://archive.today/20120729065613/http://www.csmngt.com/thailand_history.htm Thailand (Siam) History], CSMngt-Thai.</ref> and between 1945 and [[May 11]] [[1949]]. The word Thai (ไทย) comes from the ethnic group in the center of Thailand. Thailand is a [[constitutional monarchy]]. It has a [[King]] as a [[head of state]], who is [[Vajiralongkorn]] at the moment. Most people here (95 percent) follow the [[philosophy]] called [[Buddhism]]. Smaller number of people (4.4%), mostly to the south, follow [[Islam]]. Other religions in Thailand are [[Christianity]], [[Hinduism]], and [[Sikhism]]. [[Population]]: the total [[fertility rate]] was 1.3 (in 2019).<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2264075/low-birth-rate-worries-experts. Retrieved 15 Februar 2022</ref> Geography: The highest mountain is at 2,565 m (8,415 ft), [[:en:Doi_Inthanon|Doi Inthanon]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Doi_Inthanon picture].) The prime minister is [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] (since August 2024).<ref name=PaetongtarnPM/> ==History== A Buddhist kingdom named [[Sukhothai]] was founded here in [[1238]]. A century later, a bigger kingdom named Ayuthaya appeared south of Sukhothai. Later Sukhothai became a part of Ayuthaya. Ayuthaya existed for more than 400 years before its fall by the attack of a [[Burma|Burmese]] kingdom. A soldier of [[Chinese people|Chinese]] origin then founded a new capital city at Thonburi, and became King Tāksin. The founding of [[Bangkok]] as the capital city, was the start of the [[Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)]]. It was founded by King [[Rama I]] of the Chakri Dynasty<!--The current era, Rattanakosin, started on founding by King Rama I of Chakri Dynasty-->. Before [[1932]], Thailand was an [[absolute monarchy]]. On [[June 24]], 1932, a group of people did a [[coup]] and changed Thailand to a [[constitutional monarchy]]. It was not until [[1973]] that Thai people voted for a [[Prime Minister]] in an [[election]].<!--There were [[coup]]s both before and after this year.--> In 1951, there was a failed coup - the Manhattan Rebellion.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/1290939/shifting-thai-alliances-in-the-21st-century|title=Shifting Thai alliances in the 21st century|first=Bangkok Post Public Company|last=Limited|newspaper=Bangkok Post}}</ref> On [[September 19]], [[2006]], the army did a coup d'état and took control from [[Thaksin Shinawatra]]'s government. In May 2014, a new military coup d'état removed another government. In October [[2016]], [[Vajiralongkorn|Rama X]] became the new king. Between 1932 and 2014, Thailand had 12 coup d'etats. The [[2025 Cambodian–Thai border crisis]] started in May 2025; One Cambodian soldier was killed.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3044755/cambodian-troops-agree-to-retreat-from-thai-border#google_vignette. Retrieved 2025-06-09</ref> The conflict had not ended by the last week of June.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3056862/border-closure-spares-students-but-hits-local-business-hard. Retrieved 2025-06-25</ref><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3044826/cambodian-troops-agree-to-withdraw?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2025-06-09</ref> ==Provinces== Thailand is made up of 76 [[province]]s (จังหวัด, changwat), put into 5 groups. There are 2 specially governed districts: the capital Bangkok and Pattaya. The 76 provinces including Bangkok are as follows: [[File:Thailand provinces.png|right|250 px|thumb|Thailand provinces]] [[File:Thailand map CIA.png|right|thumb|Map of Thailand]] === Central === # [[Ang Thong Province|Ang Thong]] # [[Bangkok|Bangkok (Krung Thep Maha Nakhon)]], Special Governed District of # [[Chainat Province|Chai Nat]] # [[Kanchanaburi Province|Kanchanaburi]] # [[Lopburi Province|Lopburi]] # [[Nakhon Nayok Province|Nakhon Nayok]] # [[Nakhon Pathom Province|Nakhon Pathom]] # [[Nonthaburi Province|Nonthaburi]] # [[Pathum Thani Province|Pathum Thani]] # [[Phetchaburi Province|Phetchaburi]] # [[Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya]] # [[Prachuap Khiri Khan]] # [[Ratchaburi Province|Ratchaburi]] # [[Samut Prakan]] # [[Samut Sakhon]] # [[Samut Songkhram]] # [[Saraburi]] # [[Sing Buri]] # [[Suphan Buri]] === East === # [[Chachoengsao]] # [[Chanthaburi]] # [[Chonburi]] # [[Prachinburi]] # [[Rayong]] # [[Sa Kaeo]] # [[Trat]] === North === # [[Chiang Mai Province|Chiang Mai]] # [[Chiang Rai]] # [[Kamphaeng Phet Province|Kamphaeng Phet]] # [[Lampang Province|Lampang]] # [[Lamphun]] # [[Mae Hong Son]] # [[Nakhon Sawan]] # [[Nan]] # [[Phayao]] # [[Phetchabun Province|Phetchabun]] # [[Phichit]] # [[Phitsanulok]] # [[Phrae]] # [[Sukhothai]] # [[Tak Province|Tak]] # [[Uthai Thani]] # [[Uttaradit]] [[File:Chmwphrasingh0506e.jpg|right|thumb|222px|upright|Wat Phra Sing, [[Chiang Mai Province]] ]] === Northeast (Isan) === # [[Amnat Charoen]] # [[Bueng Kan]] # [[Buriram|Buri Ram]] # [[Chaiyaphum Province|Chaiyaphum]] # [[Kalasin]] # [[Khon Kaen]] # [[Loei Province|Loei]] # [[Maha Sarakham]] # [[Mukdahan]] # [[Nakhon Phanom]] # [[Nakhon Ratchasima Province|Nakhon Ratchasima]] # [[Nong Bua Lamphu]] # [[Nong Khai]] # [[Roi Et]] # [[Sakon Nakhon]] # [[Si Sa Ket]] # [[Surin]] # [[Ubon Ratchathani]] # [[Udon Thani]] # [[Yasothon]] === South === # [[Chumphon Province|Chumphon]] # [[Krabi]] # [[Nakhon Si Thammarat]] # [[Narathiwat]] # [[Pattani]] # [[Phang Nga province|Phang Nga]] # [[Phatthalung]] # [[Phuket]] # [[Rayong|Ranong]] # [[Satun]] # [[Songkhla]] # [[Surat Thani]] # [[Trang Province|Trang]] # [[Yala]]<!--'''NOTE''': In ''italics'' [1], that province is about the '''Greater Bangkok''' sub-region; in ''italics'' [2], that province is about the '''West''' sub-region.--> ==Economy== The [[economy]] of Thailand "is based on trade and [[investment]] in the [[agriculture|agricultural]] and [[tourism]] sectors, according to media.<ref name="ForeignDirectInvestment">https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2599545/horns-of-a-dilemma. [[Bangkok Post]]. Retrieved 2023-06-26</ref> In 2022, the country with investors that invested the most in Thailand, was Japan; Chinese investors had the second place.<ref name=ForeignDirectInvestment/> Industry had a contribution to the [[GDP]], of 43.9 percent (in 2007), and 14 percent of the workforce are in that sector (of the economy). Within that sector, ''[[manufacturing]]'' was the biggest part, and it had a contribution (to the GDP), with 34.5 (in 2004). As of 2025's first quarter, media said that there is "weakness [...] in the manufacturing sector, especially [[automotive]], [[petrochemical]]s and construction materials".<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/2969963/thai-growth-outlook-remains-stable. Retrieved 2025-02-28</ref> [[Agriculture in Thailand]]: Rice is the country's most important crop; Some 60 percent of Thailand's 13 million farmers grow that, according to media (2017). Amount of crops produced: [[sugarcane]];<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3010352/thai-firms-halt-syrup-production-as-chinas-ban-drags-on. Retrieved 2025-04-24</ref> [c. 104 million tons] or 104.3 million tons was harvested in 2018 (4th largest producer in the world); Rice, [c. 32 million tons or] 32.1 million tons (6th largest producer in the world); [[Cassava]], 31.6 million tons (2nd largest producer in the world). "The Thai-US trade volume has been roughly 6.0% of GDP", but on top of that significant amounts of Chinese goods are getting labels ''Made in Thailand'', while in many cases the goods were actually Made in China, according to media.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/3026007/thai-us-trade-talks-are-likely-to-fail?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2025-05-15</ref> "The US was Thailand's largest export market" in 2024; The U.S. imported things for $55 billion.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3024546/thailand-has-sent-trade-proposal-to-united-states-pm-says. Retrieved 2025-05-13</ref> The [[GDP growth]] (year 2024), was 2.5%.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/3036940/thailand-has-lost-its-last-growth-engine. Retrieved 2025-05-29</ref> In regard to trade with Cambodia: Exports were at 1.05 trillion baht (2024); Imports were at 767 billion baht.<ref name=ScrapMetal/> In regard to things that go thru border [[checkpoint]]s on the Cambodian-Thai border: "The largest [[volume]] of [things or] items included cassava and [[scrap metal]] needed for [[industrial processing]]", according to media in 2025.<ref name=ScrapMetal>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3060454/cambodia-spat-expected-to-cost-border-trade-b60bn. Retrieved 2025-06-30</ref> In 2014, [[Credit Suisse]] reported that Thailand was the world's third most unequal country, behind Russia and India.<ref name="BBC 2017" /> The top 10% richest held 79% of the country's assets.<ref name="BBC 2017" /> The top 1% held 58% of the assets.<ref name="BBC 2017">{{Cite news |last=พงศ์พิพัฒน์ บัญชานนท์ |date=18 June 2017 |script-title=th:ยิ่งนานยิ่งถ่าง ช่องว่างทางรายได้ ปัญหาใหญ่ที่รอ คสช. แก้ |language=th |work=[[BBC]] Thailand |url=http://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-40317663 |url-status=live |access-date=25 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514163313/https://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-40317663 |archive-date=14 May 2018}}</ref> ==Government== The acting prime minister is [[Suriya Juangroongruangkit]] (as of July 2025); [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] is [[suspension|suspended]].<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3062022/paetongtarn-shinawatras-suspension-deals-new-blow-to-thailands-battered-economy. Retrieved 2025-07-02</ref> Earlier (September 2024), new members of the [[Cabinet of Thailand]] got [[approval]] from the king .<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2859376/king-endorses-new-cabinet. Retrieved 2024-09-04</ref> The Cabinet members include *''foreign minister'' or [[minister of foreign affairs]]<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/2872893/thai-foreign-policy-needs-new-rudder?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2024-09-27</ref> *[[Ministry_of_Natural_Resources_and_Environment_(Thailand)|minister of natural resources and environment]].<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2859701/minister-faces-probe-regarding-state-land. Retrieved 2024-09-05</ref> *[[Narumon Pinyosinwat|Agriculture and Cooperatives Minister]]<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2862031/thamanat-chaperones-new-minister-on-flood-inspection. Retrieved 2024-09-09</ref> ==Armed conflict in the provinces Narathiwat, Pattani, and Yala== The [[South Thailand armed rebellion]] has its [[origin]]s from 1948;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/thailandmalay-muslims-1948-present/ |title=Thailand/Malay Muslims (1948–present) |publisher=University of Central Arkansas|access-date=30 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930013606/http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/thailandmalay-muslims-1948-present/|archive-date=30 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> It started as an ethnic and religious [[separatist]] [[armed rebellion]] in [[Patani (historical region)]]; Many [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay]] people live there; That region is made up of the three southernmost provinces of Thailand and parts of a fourth province (Songkhla); The conflict has become more complex and more violent since the early 2000s; [[Drug cartel]]s,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://library2.parliament.go.th/ebook/content-issue/2561/hi2561-002.pdf|title=ยาเสพติด : ปัญหาภัยแทรกซ้อนในจังหวัดชายแดนภาคใต้|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=5 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205150145/https://library2.parliament.go.th/ebook/content-issue/2561/hi2561-002.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.matichon.co.th/local/crime/news_1249219|title=ยิ่งจับยิ่งเยอะ รวบแก๊งค้ายาบ้าจังหวัดชายแดนใต้ พร้อมของกลางกว่า 7 แสนเม็ด|date=29 November 2018}}</ref> [[Smuggling|oil smuggling networks]],<ref name="น้ำมันเถื่อน"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/detail/597869|title=ผ่าเครือข่ายน้ำมันเถื่อนใต้ ผลประโยชน์หมื่นล้าน|website=bangkokbiznews.com/|date=8 August 2014}}</ref> and some [[Piracy|pirate]] raids have much to do with the violence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/detail/589207|title=แกะรอยเส้นทาง'เสี่ยโจ้'คนโตชายแดนใต้?|website=bangkokbiznews.com/|date=20 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.posttoday.com/social/local/332694|title=จับ8โจรสลัดปล้นเรืออินโดฯรุกน่านน้ำไทย|website=posttoday.com|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628160524/https://www.posttoday.com/social/local/332694|url-status=dead}}</ref> 57 people died (year 2023), in the conflict.<ref name="acleddata.com">{{cite web |url=https://acleddata.com/ |title=Conflict Index 2024 |website=Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) |access-date=1 March 2020 |archive-date=29 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129091359/https://acleddata.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Other information== Since 2025, using [[cannabis]] for fun, is (again) against the law.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3059036/thailands-cannabis-dreams-go-up-in-smoke. Retrieved 2025-06-29</ref><!--[[cannabis]] has again become a [[controlled substance]];--><ref name=ControlAndCriminalized>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-25 |title=Country bans recreational cannabis again in major blow to tourism |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/southeast-asia/thailand-cannabis-illegal-law-b2776598.html |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> [[Physician]]s and "Thai traditional doctors, [[Chinese medicine]] practitioners and [[pharmacist]]s [are some of those that] can [[authorization|authorise]] cannabis use", according to media.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3059036/thailands-cannabis-dreams-go-up-in-smoke. Retrieved 2025-06-29</ref><!--About the law becoming more strict about drug use. In October 2024, the government said that it will make a [[law]] or "[[regulation]] to tighten control of the production, import, export, sale and possession of [[cannabis]] and [[hemp]] [[extract]]s".--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2880868/cannabis-controls-to-be-tightened. Retrieved 2024-10-10</ref><!--Earlier (September 2024), media said that the country's [[lawmaker]]s were going to vote about a new law about use of [[cannabis]]; The [[law proposal]] says that "anyone who [... uses] cannabis or its [[extract]]s for uses not specified in the bill will face a fine of up to 60,000 baht"; Furthermore, the law proposal is also about putting limits on " marijuana uses to primarily [[health]] and [[medical]] purposes".--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2869153/thailand-unveils-new-bill-to-regulate-cannabis-while-keeping-it-legal. Retrieved 2024-09-20</ref><!--Authorities have said that from the first day of 2025, [[cannabis]] will be outlawed (again).--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2823881/cannabis-set-to-return-to-illegal-drugs-list-after-vote. [[Bangkok Post]]. Retrieved 2024-07-06</ref><!-- However, media said (July 2024) that new rules about [[criminalising]] cannabis (again), still have to [get [[approval]] from, or] "clear the [[Narcotics Control Board]];--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2834332/thailand-signals-another-u-turn-on-cannabis. Retrieved 2024-07-23</ref> [[Environmental issues]]: [[Industrial growth]] has created (much or) high levels of air pollution in Thailand. Vehicles and factories (give or) contribute to air pollution. Measurement of ''PM 2.5 pollution'' is one of the ways of measuring [[air pollution]]; In that way, the [[particulate]]s (in the atmosphere), that are smaller than 2.5 microns, get measured.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2943465/unsafe-pm2-5-levels-blanket-64-provinces. Retrieved 2025-01-20</ref> == References == === Footnotes === {{reflist|2|refs= <ref name=CIA>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html Thailand], CIA World Factbook.</ref> }} === Further reading === * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/th.html The United States CIA website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050612084026/http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/th.html |date=2005-06-12 }} == Other websites == {{sisterlinks|Thailand|voy=Thailand}} * [http://www.thaigov.go.th/ Thaigov.go.th Royal Government of Thailand] * [http://www.tourismthailand.org/ Tourism Authority of Thailand] Official tourism website * [http://www.parliament.go.th/files/mainpage.htm Thai National Assembly] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513022240/http://www.parliament.go.th/files/mainpage.htm |date=2008-05-13 }} Official Thai Parliament website * [http://www.mfa.go.th/ Mfa.go.th] Thailand Ministry of Foreign Affairs * [http://www.thaibirding.com Birdwatching in Thailand] * [http://www.learnthaiculture.com Learn Thai Culture.com] * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html CIA - The World Factbook - Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229000203/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html |date=2010-12-29 }} * [http://www.commonlanguageproject.net/?page_id=41#Thailand Thailand Country Fact Sheet] from the Common Language Project * [http://map.longdo.com/ Longdo Map Thailand] On-line Thailand map * [http://www.holiday-thai.com/ Holidays Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411000216/http://www.holiday-thai.com/ |date=2008-04-11 }} Holidays In Thailand {{Asia}} {{ASEAN}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Thailand| ]] [[Category:Current monarchies]] [[Category:Monarchies of Asia]] [[Category:1932 establishments in Asia]] eoe3zu2s4oe1i8nvw5i7gsig9wy9krw 10367725 10367719 2025-07-02T14:06:43Z Hutotpn 1358868 10367725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{redlinks|date=September 2011}} {{Infobox country | native_name = {{ubl|{{native name|th|ราชอาณาจักรไทย|italics=off}}|{{lang|th-Latn|Ratcha-anachak Thai}}|{{native name|th|ประเทศไทย|italics=off}}|{{lang|th-Latn|Prathet Thai}}}} | conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Thailand | common_name = Thailand | image_flag = Flag of Thailand.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Thailand.svg | symbol_type = Emblem | national_anthem = ''[[Thai National Anthem|Phleng Chat Thai]]''<br />({{lang-en|"Thai National Anthem"}})<div style="padding-top:0.5em;">[[File:Thai National Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg|center]]</div> ---- | royal_anthem = ''[[Sansoen Phra Barami]]''<br />({{lang-en|"Glorify His prestige"}})<div style="padding-top:0.5em;">[[File:Thai Royal Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg|center]]</div> | image_map = Location Thailand ASEAN.svg | map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=green|region=[[ASEAN]]|region_color=dark grey|legend=Location Thailand ASEAN.svg}} | capital = {{nowrap|[[Bangkok]] (Thai: ''Krung Thep'')¹}} | coordinates = {{Coord|13|45|N|100|29|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Thai language|Thai]]<!--Note: Central Thai is also the national language. --><ref name="CIA">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/thailand/ "Thailand"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610164345/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/thailand/|date=10 June 2021}}, ''The World Factbook''.</ref><!--Thai is the official language. English is a non-official secondary language.--> | languages = [[Central Thai language|Central Thai]], [[Isan language|Isan]], [[Northern Thai language|Lanna (Northern Thai)]], [[Southern Thai language|Dambro (Southern Thai)]], [[Karenic languages|Karen]], [[Kelantan-Pattani Malay|Pattani Malay]], [[Bangkok Malay]], [[Teochew dialect|Teochew]], [[Hokkien]] | languages_type = Spoken languages | languages_sub = yes | ethnic_groups = {{tree list}} *80% [[Thai people|Thai]] **37% Thai (Central Thai) **25% [[Isan people|Thai Lao (Northeastern Thai)]] **8% [[Northern Thai people|Lanna (Northern Thai)]] **8% [[Southern Thai language|Dambro (Southern Thai)]] **2% (Western Thai) * 12% [[Thai Chinese]] * 4% [[Khmer people|Khmer]] * 4% [[Thai Malays|Malays]] {{tree list/end}} | languages2_type = [[Official script]]s | languages2 = [[Thai alphabet]] | ethnic_groups = [[Thai people|Thai]] (75%)<br> {{*}}Northeastern Thai ([[Lao people|Isan]]) (34.2%)<br> {{*}}Central Thai (33.7%)<br> {{*}}Southern Thai (13.3%)<br> [[Thai Chinese|Chinese]] (14%)<br> [[Northern Khmer people|Khmer]] (4%)<br> [[Malay people|Malay]] (4%)<br> [[India people|Tamil]] (3%)<br> Other (1%) | ethnic_groups_year = 2009<ref name=CIA/><ref>{{Citation |first=Barbara A. |last=West |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania |publisher=Facts on File |year=2009 |page=794}}</ref> | demonym = Thai | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary democracy]] and [[constitutional monarchy]] | leader_title1 = Monarch | leader_name1 = [[Vajiralongkorn|Maha Vajiralongkorn]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Thailand|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] ([[suspension|suspended]])<ref name=PaetongtarnPM>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2848292/paetongtarn-shinawatra-elected-thailands-31st-prime-minister. Retrieved 2024-08-16</ref><br>[[Suriya Juangroongruangkit]] (acting) | legislature = [[National Assembly of Thailand|National Assembly]] | upper_house = [[Senate of Thailand|Senate]] | lower_house = {{nowrap|[[House of Representatives of Thailand|House of Representatives]]}} | sovereignty_type = [[History of Thailand|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Sukhothai Kingdom]] | established_date1 = 1238–1448 | established_event2 = [[Ayutthaya Kingdom]] | established_date2 = 1351–1767 | established_event3 = [[Thonburi Kingdom]] | established_date3 = 1768–1782 | established_event4 = [[Rattanakosin Kingdom]] | established_date4 = 6 April 1782 | established_event5 = {{nowrap|[[Siamese revolution of 1932|Constitutional monarchy]]}} | established_date5 = 24 June 1932 | established_event6 = [[2007 Constitution of Thailand|2007 Constitution]] | established_date6 = 24 August 2007 | area_rank = 51st | area_km2 = 513,120 | area_sq_mi = 198,115 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 0.4 (2,230 km²) | population_estimate = 66,720,153²<ref>{{cite web|url=http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf|title=|date=16 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716001724/http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf|archive-date=2011-07-16}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 20th | population_estimate_year = 2011 | population_census = 65,479,453<ref>National Statistics Office. "100th anniversary of population censuses in Thailand: Population and housing census 2010: 11th census of Thailand" (in Thai), online accessible at: [http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712002347/http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc |date=2012-07-12 }}, retrieved on 30 January 2012.</ref> | population_census_year = 2010 | population_density_km2 = 132.1 | population_density_sq_mi = 342 <!--Do remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 88th | GDP_PPP = $616.783 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=61&pr.y=20&sy=2010&ey=2015&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=578&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Report for Thailand|work=World Economic Outlook Database|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|accessdate=25 July 2011}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = 24th | GDP_PPP_year = 2011 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $9,598<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 84th | GDP_nominal = $332.47 billion<ref name=imf2/> <!--Do not edit!--> | GDP_nominal_rank = 30th | GDP_nominal_year = 2011 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $5,174<ref name=imf2/> <!--Do not edit!--> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 89th | Gini = 42.5 | Gini_rank = | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |title=Human Development Report |publisher=UNDP |year=2009 |accessdate=27 October 2011 |archive-date=16 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116234423/http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | Gini_year = 2009 | HDI = 0.682 | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNDP">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Tables.pdf|title= Human Development Report 2011 – Human development statistical annex|publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]]|pages=127–130|accessdate=2 November 2011}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 103rd | HDI_year = 2011 | currency = [[Thai baht|Baht]] (฿) | currency_code = THB | time_zone = | utc_offset = +7 | time_zone_DST = | DST_note = | utc_offset_DST = <!-- +N, where N is number of hours --> | cctld = [[.th]], [[.ไทย]] | drives_on = left | calling_code = [[+66]] | footnotes = <!--for any generic non-numbered footnotes--> | footnote1 = {{note|1}}Thai name: กรุงเทพมหานคร ''Krung Thep Maha Nakhon'' or ''Krung Thep''. The full name is กรุงเทพมหานคร อมรรัตนโกสินทร์ มหินทรายุทธยา มหาดิลกภพ นพรัตนราชธานีบุรีรมย์ อุดมราชนิเวศน์มหาสถาน อมรพิมานอวตารสถิต สักกะทัตติยะวิษณุกรรมประสิทธิ์ ''Krung Thep Mahanakhon Amon Rattanakosin Mahinthara Yuthaya Mahadilok Phop Noppharat Ratchathani Burirom Udomratchaniwet Mahasathan Amon Phiman Awatan Sathit Sakkathattiya Witsanukam Prasit''. | footnote2 = {{note|2}}According to the Department of Provincial Administration's [http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf official register], not taking into account unregistered citizens and immigrants. }} '''Thailand''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|aɪ|l|æ|n|d}} {{respell|TY|land}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|aɪ|l|ə|n|d}} {{respell|TY|lənd}};<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thailand |title=Merriam-Webster Online |publisher=Merriam-webster.com |date=25 April 2007 |accessdate=25 April 2010}}</ref> {{lang-th|ประเทศไทย}}, {{RTGS|Prathet Thai}}), officially the '''Kingdom of Thailand''' ({{lang-th|ราชอาณาจักรไทย}}, {{RTGS|Ratcha Anachak Thai}}; {{IPA-th|râːt.tɕʰā ʔāːnāːtɕàk tʰāj|IPA|Th-pratheidthai raachaanaajakthai.ogg}}<!--See and listen here: http://www.thai-language.com/id/210678-->), is a [[country]] in [[Southeast Asia]]. Its neighbours are [[Laos]], [[Cambodia]], [[Malaysia]], and [[Myanmar]]. Its name was '''Siam''' until [[June 24|June]] [[1939]]<ref name="ThaiCSM">[https://archive.today/20120729065613/http://www.csmngt.com/thailand_history.htm Thailand (Siam) History], CSMngt-Thai.</ref> and between 1945 and [[May 11]] [[1949]]. The word Thai (ไทย) comes from the ethnic group in the center of Thailand. Thailand is a [[constitutional monarchy]]. It has a [[King]] as a [[head of state]], who is [[Vajiralongkorn]] at the moment. Most people here (95 percent) follow the [[philosophy]] called [[Buddhism]]. Smaller number of people (4.4%), mostly to the south, follow [[Islam]]. Other religions in Thailand are [[Christianity]], [[Hinduism]], and [[Sikhism]]. [[Population]]: the total [[fertility rate]] was 1.3 (in 2019).<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2264075/low-birth-rate-worries-experts. Retrieved 15 Februar 2022</ref> Geography: The highest mountain is at 2,565 m (8,415 ft), [[:en:Doi_Inthanon|Doi Inthanon]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Doi_Inthanon picture].) The prime minister is [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] (since August 2024).<ref name=PaetongtarnPM/> ==History== A Buddhist kingdom named [[Sukhothai]] was founded here in [[1238]]. A century later, a bigger kingdom named Ayuthaya appeared south of Sukhothai. Later Sukhothai became a part of Ayuthaya. Ayuthaya existed for more than 400 years before its fall by the attack of a [[Burma|Burmese]] kingdom. A soldier of [[Chinese people|Chinese]] origin then founded a new capital city at Thonburi, and became King Tāksin. The founding of [[Bangkok]] as the capital city, was the start of the [[Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)]]. It was founded by King [[Rama I]] of the Chakri Dynasty<!--The current era, Rattanakosin, started on founding by King Rama I of Chakri Dynasty-->. Before [[1932]], Thailand was an [[absolute monarchy]]. On [[June 24]], 1932, a group of people did a [[coup]] and changed Thailand to a [[constitutional monarchy]]. It was not until [[1973]] that Thai people voted for a [[Prime Minister]] in an [[election]].<!--There were [[coup]]s both before and after this year.--> In 1951, there was a failed coup - the Manhattan Rebellion.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/1290939/shifting-thai-alliances-in-the-21st-century|title=Shifting Thai alliances in the 21st century|first=Bangkok Post Public Company|last=Limited|newspaper=Bangkok Post}}</ref> On [[September 19]], [[2006]], the army did a coup d'état and took control from [[Thaksin Shinawatra]]'s government. In May 2014, a new military coup d'état removed another government. In October [[2016]], [[Vajiralongkorn|Rama X]] became the new king. Between 1932 and 2014, Thailand had 12 coup d'etats. The [[2025 Cambodian–Thai border crisis]] started in May 2025; One Cambodian soldier was killed.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3044755/cambodian-troops-agree-to-retreat-from-thai-border#google_vignette. Retrieved 2025-06-09</ref> The conflict had not ended by the last week of June.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3056862/border-closure-spares-students-but-hits-local-business-hard. Retrieved 2025-06-25</ref><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3044826/cambodian-troops-agree-to-withdraw?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2025-06-09</ref> ==Provinces== Thailand is made up of 76 [[province]]s (จังหวัด, changwat), put into 5 groups. There are 2 specially governed districts: the capital Bangkok and Pattaya. The 76 provinces including Bangkok are as follows: [[File:Thailand provinces.png|right|250 px|thumb|Thailand provinces]] [[File:Thailand map CIA.png|right|thumb|Map of Thailand]] === Central === # [[Ang Thong Province|Ang Thong]] # [[Bangkok|Bangkok (Krung Thep Maha Nakhon)]], Special Governed District of # [[Chainat Province|Chai Nat]] # [[Kanchanaburi Province|Kanchanaburi]] # [[Lopburi Province|Lopburi]] # [[Nakhon Nayok Province|Nakhon Nayok]] # [[Nakhon Pathom Province|Nakhon Pathom]] # [[Nonthaburi Province|Nonthaburi]] # [[Pathum Thani Province|Pathum Thani]] # [[Phetchaburi Province|Phetchaburi]] # [[Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya]] # [[Prachuap Khiri Khan]] # [[Ratchaburi Province|Ratchaburi]] # [[Samut Prakan]] # [[Samut Sakhon]] # [[Samut Songkhram]] # [[Saraburi]] # [[Sing Buri]] # [[Suphan Buri]] === East === # [[Chachoengsao]] # [[Chanthaburi]] # [[Chonburi]] # [[Prachinburi]] # [[Rayong]] # [[Sa Kaeo]] # [[Trat]] === North === # [[Chiang Mai Province|Chiang Mai]] # [[Chiang Rai]] # [[Kamphaeng Phet Province|Kamphaeng Phet]] # [[Lampang Province|Lampang]] # [[Lamphun]] # [[Mae Hong Son]] # [[Nakhon Sawan]] # [[Nan]] # [[Phayao]] # [[Phetchabun Province|Phetchabun]] # [[Phichit]] # [[Phitsanulok]] # [[Phrae]] # [[Sukhothai]] # [[Tak Province|Tak]] # [[Uthai Thani]] # [[Uttaradit]] [[File:Chmwphrasingh0506e.jpg|right|thumb|222px|upright|Wat Phra Sing, [[Chiang Mai Province]] ]] === Northeast (Isan) === # [[Amnat Charoen]] # [[Bueng Kan]] # [[Buriram|Buri Ram]] # [[Chaiyaphum Province|Chaiyaphum]] # [[Kalasin]] # [[Khon Kaen]] # [[Loei Province|Loei]] # [[Maha Sarakham]] # [[Mukdahan]] # [[Nakhon Phanom]] # [[Nakhon Ratchasima Province|Nakhon Ratchasima]] # [[Nong Bua Lamphu]] # [[Nong Khai]] # [[Roi Et]] # [[Sakon Nakhon]] # [[Si Sa Ket]] # [[Surin]] # [[Ubon Ratchathani]] # [[Udon Thani]] # [[Yasothon]] === South === # [[Chumphon Province|Chumphon]] # [[Krabi]] # [[Nakhon Si Thammarat]] # [[Narathiwat]] # [[Pattani]] # [[Phang Nga province|Phang Nga]] # [[Phatthalung]] # [[Phuket]] # [[Rayong|Ranong]] # [[Satun]] # [[Songkhla]] # [[Surat Thani]] # [[Trang Province|Trang]] # [[Yala]]<!--'''NOTE''': In ''italics'' [1], that province is about the '''Greater Bangkok''' sub-region; in ''italics'' [2], that province is about the '''West''' sub-region.--> ==Economy== The [[economy]] of Thailand "is based on trade and [[investment]] in the [[agriculture|agricultural]] and [[tourism]] sectors, according to media.<ref name="ForeignDirectInvestment">https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2599545/horns-of-a-dilemma. [[Bangkok Post]]. Retrieved 2023-06-26</ref> In 2022, the country with investors that invested the most in Thailand, was Japan; Chinese investors had the second place.<ref name=ForeignDirectInvestment/> Industry had a contribution to the [[GDP]], of 43.9 percent (in 2007), and 14 percent of the workforce are in that sector (of the economy). Within that sector, ''[[manufacturing]]'' was the biggest part, and it had a contribution (to the GDP), with 34.5 (in 2004). As of 2025's first quarter, media said that there is "weakness [...] in the manufacturing sector, especially [[automotive]], [[petrochemical]]s and construction materials".<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/2969963/thai-growth-outlook-remains-stable. Retrieved 2025-02-28</ref> [[Agriculture in Thailand]]: Rice is the country's most important crop; Some 60 percent of Thailand's 13 million farmers grow that, according to media (2017). Amount of crops produced: [[sugarcane]];<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3010352/thai-firms-halt-syrup-production-as-chinas-ban-drags-on. Retrieved 2025-04-24</ref> [c. 104 million tons] or 104.3 million tons was harvested in 2018 (4th largest producer in the world); Rice, [c. 32 million tons or] 32.1 million tons (6th largest producer in the world); [[Cassava]], 31.6 million tons (2nd largest producer in the world). "The Thai-US trade volume has been roughly 6.0% of GDP", but on top of that significant amounts of Chinese goods are getting labels ''Made in Thailand'', while in many cases the goods were actually Made in China, according to media.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/3026007/thai-us-trade-talks-are-likely-to-fail?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2025-05-15</ref> "The US was Thailand's largest export market" in 2024; The U.S. imported things for $55 billion.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3024546/thailand-has-sent-trade-proposal-to-united-states-pm-says. Retrieved 2025-05-13</ref> The [[GDP growth]] (year 2024), was 2.5%.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/3036940/thailand-has-lost-its-last-growth-engine. Retrieved 2025-05-29</ref> In regard to trade with Cambodia: Exports were at 1.05 trillion baht (2024); Imports were at 767 billion baht.<ref name=ScrapMetal/> In regard to things that go thru border [[checkpoint]]s on the Cambodian-Thai border: "The largest [[volume]] of [things or] items included cassava and [[scrap metal]] needed for [[industrial processing]]", according to media in 2025.<ref name=ScrapMetal>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3060454/cambodia-spat-expected-to-cost-border-trade-b60bn. Retrieved 2025-06-30</ref> In 2014, [[Credit Suisse]] reported that Thailand was the world's third most unequal country, behind Russia and India.<ref name="BBC 2017" /> The top 10% richest held 79% of the country's assets.<ref name="BBC 2017" /> The top 1% held 58% of the assets.<ref name="BBC 2017">{{Cite news |last=พงศ์พิพัฒน์ บัญชานนท์ |date=18 June 2017 |script-title=th:ยิ่งนานยิ่งถ่าง ช่องว่างทางรายได้ ปัญหาใหญ่ที่รอ คสช. แก้ |language=th |work=[[BBC]] Thailand |url=http://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-40317663 |url-status=live |access-date=25 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514163313/https://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-40317663 |archive-date=14 May 2018}}</ref> ==Government== The acting prime minister is [[Suriya Juangroongruangkit]] (as of July 2025); [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] is [[suspension|suspended]].<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3062022/paetongtarn-shinawatras-suspension-deals-new-blow-to-thailands-battered-economy. Retrieved 2025-07-02</ref> Earlier (September 2024), new members of the [[Cabinet of Thailand]] got [[approval]] from the king .<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2859376/king-endorses-new-cabinet. Retrieved 2024-09-04</ref> The Cabinet members include *''foreign minister'' or [[minister of foreign affairs]]<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/2872893/thai-foreign-policy-needs-new-rudder?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2024-09-27</ref> *[[Ministry_of_Natural_Resources_and_Environment_(Thailand)|minister of natural resources and environment]].<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2859701/minister-faces-probe-regarding-state-land. Retrieved 2024-09-05</ref> *[[Narumon Pinyosinwat|Agriculture and Cooperatives Minister]]<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2862031/thamanat-chaperones-new-minister-on-flood-inspection. Retrieved 2024-09-09</ref> ==Armed conflict in the provinces Narathiwat, Pattani, and Yala== The [[South Thailand armed rebellion]] has its [[origin]]s from 1948;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/thailandmalay-muslims-1948-present/ |title=Thailand/Malay Muslims (1948–present) |publisher=University of Central Arkansas|access-date=30 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930013606/http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/thailandmalay-muslims-1948-present/|archive-date=30 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> It started as an ethnic and religious [[separatist]] [[armed rebellion]] in [[Patani (historical region)]]; Many [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay]] people live there; That region is made up of the three southernmost provinces of Thailand and parts of a fourth province (Songkhla); The conflict has become more complex and more violent since the early 2000s; [[Drug cartel]]s,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://library2.parliament.go.th/ebook/content-issue/2561/hi2561-002.pdf|title=ยาเสพติด : ปัญหาภัยแทรกซ้อนในจังหวัดชายแดนภาคใต้|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=5 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205150145/https://library2.parliament.go.th/ebook/content-issue/2561/hi2561-002.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.matichon.co.th/local/crime/news_1249219|title=ยิ่งจับยิ่งเยอะ รวบแก๊งค้ายาบ้าจังหวัดชายแดนใต้ พร้อมของกลางกว่า 7 แสนเม็ด|date=29 November 2018}}</ref> [[Smuggling|oil smuggling networks]],<ref name="น้ำมันเถื่อน"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/detail/597869|title=ผ่าเครือข่ายน้ำมันเถื่อนใต้ ผลประโยชน์หมื่นล้าน|website=bangkokbiznews.com/|date=8 August 2014}}</ref> and some [[Piracy|pirate]] raids have much to do with the violence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/detail/589207|title=แกะรอยเส้นทาง'เสี่ยโจ้'คนโตชายแดนใต้?|website=bangkokbiznews.com/|date=20 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.posttoday.com/social/local/332694|title=จับ8โจรสลัดปล้นเรืออินโดฯรุกน่านน้ำไทย|website=posttoday.com|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628160524/https://www.posttoday.com/social/local/332694|url-status=dead}}</ref> 57 people died (year 2023), in the conflict.<ref name="acleddata.com">{{cite web |url=https://acleddata.com/ |title=Conflict Index 2024 |website=Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) |access-date=1 March 2020 |archive-date=29 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129091359/https://acleddata.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Other information== Since 2025, using [[cannabis]] for fun, is (again) against the law.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3059036/thailands-cannabis-dreams-go-up-in-smoke. Retrieved 2025-06-29</ref><!--[[cannabis]] has again become a [[controlled substance]];--><ref name=ControlAndCriminalized>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-25 |title=Country bans recreational cannabis again in major blow to tourism |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/southeast-asia/thailand-cannabis-illegal-law-b2776598.html |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> [[Physician]]s and "Thai traditional doctors, [[Chinese medicine]] practitioners and [[pharmacist]]s [are some of those that] can [[authorization|authorise]] cannabis use", according to media.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3059036/thailands-cannabis-dreams-go-up-in-smoke. Retrieved 2025-06-29</ref><!--About the law becoming more strict about drug use. In October 2024, the government said that it will make a [[law]] or "[[regulation]] to tighten control of the production, import, export, sale and possession of [[cannabis]] and [[hemp]] [[extract]]s".--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2880868/cannabis-controls-to-be-tightened. Retrieved 2024-10-10</ref><!--Earlier (September 2024), media said that the country's [[lawmaker]]s were going to vote about a new law about use of [[cannabis]]; The [[law proposal]] says that "anyone who [... uses] cannabis or its [[extract]]s for uses not specified in the bill will face a fine of up to 60,000 baht"; Furthermore, the law proposal is also about putting limits on " marijuana uses to primarily [[health]] and [[medical]] purposes".--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2869153/thailand-unveils-new-bill-to-regulate-cannabis-while-keeping-it-legal. Retrieved 2024-09-20</ref><!--Authorities have said that from the first day of 2025, [[cannabis]] will be outlawed (again).--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2823881/cannabis-set-to-return-to-illegal-drugs-list-after-vote. [[Bangkok Post]]. Retrieved 2024-07-06</ref><!-- However, media said (July 2024) that new rules about [[criminalising]] cannabis (again), still have to [get [[approval]] from, or] "clear the [[Narcotics Control Board]];--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2834332/thailand-signals-another-u-turn-on-cannabis. Retrieved 2024-07-23</ref> [[Environmental issues]]: [[Industrial growth]] has created (much or) high levels of air pollution in Thailand. Vehicles and factories (give or) contribute to air pollution. Measurement of ''PM 2.5 pollution'' is one of the ways of measuring [[air pollution]]; In that way, the [[particulate]]s (in the atmosphere), that are smaller than 2.5 microns, get measured.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2943465/unsafe-pm2-5-levels-blanket-64-provinces. Retrieved 2025-01-20</ref> == References == === Footnotes === {{reflist|2|refs= <ref name=CIA>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html Thailand], CIA World Factbook.</ref> }} === Further reading === * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/th.html The United States CIA website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050612084026/http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/th.html |date=2005-06-12 }} == Other websites == {{sisterlinks|Thailand|voy=Thailand}} * [http://www.thaigov.go.th/ Thaigov.go.th Royal Government of Thailand] * [http://www.tourismthailand.org/ Tourism Authority of Thailand] Official tourism website * [http://www.parliament.go.th/files/mainpage.htm Thai National Assembly] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513022240/http://www.parliament.go.th/files/mainpage.htm |date=2008-05-13 }} Official Thai Parliament website * [http://www.mfa.go.th/ Mfa.go.th] Thailand Ministry of Foreign Affairs * [http://www.thaibirding.com Birdwatching in Thailand] * [http://www.learnthaiculture.com Learn Thai Culture.com] * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html CIA - The World Factbook - Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229000203/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html |date=2010-12-29 }} * [http://www.commonlanguageproject.net/?page_id=41#Thailand Thailand Country Fact Sheet] from the Common Language Project * [http://map.longdo.com/ Longdo Map Thailand] On-line Thailand map * [http://www.holiday-thai.com/ Holidays Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411000216/http://www.holiday-thai.com/ |date=2008-04-11 }} Holidays In Thailand {{Asia}} {{ASEAN}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Thailand| ]] [[Category:Current monarchies]] [[Category:Monarchies of Asia]] [[Category:1932 establishments in Asia]] ogri50y2ja2ea11q3eqgv07gv3fhnh4 10367872 10367725 2025-07-02T16:23:28Z 2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA /* Government */ 10367872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{redlinks|date=September 2011}} {{Infobox country | native_name = {{ubl|{{native name|th|ราชอาณาจักรไทย|italics=off}}|{{lang|th-Latn|Ratcha-anachak Thai}}|{{native name|th|ประเทศไทย|italics=off}}|{{lang|th-Latn|Prathet Thai}}}} | conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Thailand | common_name = Thailand | image_flag = Flag of Thailand.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Thailand.svg | symbol_type = Emblem | national_anthem = ''[[Thai National Anthem|Phleng Chat Thai]]''<br />({{lang-en|"Thai National Anthem"}})<div style="padding-top:0.5em;">[[File:Thai National Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg|center]]</div> ---- | royal_anthem = ''[[Sansoen Phra Barami]]''<br />({{lang-en|"Glorify His prestige"}})<div style="padding-top:0.5em;">[[File:Thai Royal Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg|center]]</div> | image_map = Location Thailand ASEAN.svg | map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=green|region=[[ASEAN]]|region_color=dark grey|legend=Location Thailand ASEAN.svg}} | capital = {{nowrap|[[Bangkok]] (Thai: ''Krung Thep'')¹}} | coordinates = {{Coord|13|45|N|100|29|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Thai language|Thai]]<!--Note: Central Thai is also the national language. --><ref name="CIA">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/thailand/ "Thailand"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610164345/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/thailand/|date=10 June 2021}}, ''The World Factbook''.</ref><!--Thai is the official language. English is a non-official secondary language.--> | languages = [[Central Thai language|Central Thai]], [[Isan language|Isan]], [[Northern Thai language|Lanna (Northern Thai)]], [[Southern Thai language|Dambro (Southern Thai)]], [[Karenic languages|Karen]], [[Kelantan-Pattani Malay|Pattani Malay]], [[Bangkok Malay]], [[Teochew dialect|Teochew]], [[Hokkien]] | languages_type = Spoken languages | languages_sub = yes | ethnic_groups = {{tree list}} *80% [[Thai people|Thai]] **37% Thai (Central Thai) **25% [[Isan people|Thai Lao (Northeastern Thai)]] **8% [[Northern Thai people|Lanna (Northern Thai)]] **8% [[Southern Thai language|Dambro (Southern Thai)]] **2% (Western Thai) * 12% [[Thai Chinese]] * 4% [[Khmer people|Khmer]] * 4% [[Thai Malays|Malays]] {{tree list/end}} | languages2_type = [[Official script]]s | languages2 = [[Thai alphabet]] | ethnic_groups = [[Thai people|Thai]] (75%)<br> {{*}}Northeastern Thai ([[Lao people|Isan]]) (34.2%)<br> {{*}}Central Thai (33.7%)<br> {{*}}Southern Thai (13.3%)<br> [[Thai Chinese|Chinese]] (14%)<br> [[Northern Khmer people|Khmer]] (4%)<br> [[Malay people|Malay]] (4%)<br> [[India people|Tamil]] (3%)<br> Other (1%) | ethnic_groups_year = 2009<ref name=CIA/><ref>{{Citation |first=Barbara A. |last=West |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania |publisher=Facts on File |year=2009 |page=794}}</ref> | demonym = Thai | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary democracy]] and [[constitutional monarchy]] | leader_title1 = Monarch | leader_name1 = [[Vajiralongkorn|Maha Vajiralongkorn]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Thailand|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] ([[suspension|suspended]])<ref name=PaetongtarnPM>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2848292/paetongtarn-shinawatra-elected-thailands-31st-prime-minister. Retrieved 2024-08-16</ref><br>[[Suriya Juangroongruangkit]] (acting) | legislature = [[National Assembly of Thailand|National Assembly]] | upper_house = [[Senate of Thailand|Senate]] | lower_house = {{nowrap|[[House of Representatives of Thailand|House of Representatives]]}} | sovereignty_type = [[History of Thailand|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Sukhothai Kingdom]] | established_date1 = 1238–1448 | established_event2 = [[Ayutthaya Kingdom]] | established_date2 = 1351–1767 | established_event3 = [[Thonburi Kingdom]] | established_date3 = 1768–1782 | established_event4 = [[Rattanakosin Kingdom]] | established_date4 = 6 April 1782 | established_event5 = {{nowrap|[[Siamese revolution of 1932|Constitutional monarchy]]}} | established_date5 = 24 June 1932 | established_event6 = [[2007 Constitution of Thailand|2007 Constitution]] | established_date6 = 24 August 2007 | area_rank = 51st | area_km2 = 513,120 | area_sq_mi = 198,115 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 0.4 (2,230 km²) | population_estimate = 66,720,153²<ref>{{cite web|url=http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf|title=|date=16 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716001724/http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf|archive-date=2011-07-16}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 20th | population_estimate_year = 2011 | population_census = 65,479,453<ref>National Statistics Office. "100th anniversary of population censuses in Thailand: Population and housing census 2010: 11th census of Thailand" (in Thai), online accessible at: [http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712002347/http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc |date=2012-07-12 }}, retrieved on 30 January 2012.</ref> | population_census_year = 2010 | population_density_km2 = 132.1 | population_density_sq_mi = 342 <!--Do remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 88th | GDP_PPP = $616.783 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=61&pr.y=20&sy=2010&ey=2015&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=578&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Report for Thailand|work=World Economic Outlook Database|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|accessdate=25 July 2011}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = 24th | GDP_PPP_year = 2011 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $9,598<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 84th | GDP_nominal = $332.47 billion<ref name=imf2/> <!--Do not edit!--> | GDP_nominal_rank = 30th | GDP_nominal_year = 2011 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $5,174<ref name=imf2/> <!--Do not edit!--> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 89th | Gini = 42.5 | Gini_rank = | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |title=Human Development Report |publisher=UNDP |year=2009 |accessdate=27 October 2011 |archive-date=16 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116234423/http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | Gini_year = 2009 | HDI = 0.682 | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNDP">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Tables.pdf|title= Human Development Report 2011 – Human development statistical annex|publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]]|pages=127–130|accessdate=2 November 2011}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 103rd | HDI_year = 2011 | currency = [[Thai baht|Baht]] (฿) | currency_code = THB | time_zone = | utc_offset = +7 | time_zone_DST = | DST_note = | utc_offset_DST = <!-- +N, where N is number of hours --> | cctld = [[.th]], [[.ไทย]] | drives_on = left | calling_code = [[+66]] | footnotes = <!--for any generic non-numbered footnotes--> | footnote1 = {{note|1}}Thai name: กรุงเทพมหานคร ''Krung Thep Maha Nakhon'' or ''Krung Thep''. The full name is กรุงเทพมหานคร อมรรัตนโกสินทร์ มหินทรายุทธยา มหาดิลกภพ นพรัตนราชธานีบุรีรมย์ อุดมราชนิเวศน์มหาสถาน อมรพิมานอวตารสถิต สักกะทัตติยะวิษณุกรรมประสิทธิ์ ''Krung Thep Mahanakhon Amon Rattanakosin Mahinthara Yuthaya Mahadilok Phop Noppharat Ratchathani Burirom Udomratchaniwet Mahasathan Amon Phiman Awatan Sathit Sakkathattiya Witsanukam Prasit''. | footnote2 = {{note|2}}According to the Department of Provincial Administration's [http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf official register], not taking into account unregistered citizens and immigrants. }} '''Thailand''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|aɪ|l|æ|n|d}} {{respell|TY|land}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|aɪ|l|ə|n|d}} {{respell|TY|lənd}};<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thailand |title=Merriam-Webster Online |publisher=Merriam-webster.com |date=25 April 2007 |accessdate=25 April 2010}}</ref> {{lang-th|ประเทศไทย}}, {{RTGS|Prathet Thai}}), officially the '''Kingdom of Thailand''' ({{lang-th|ราชอาณาจักรไทย}}, {{RTGS|Ratcha Anachak Thai}}; {{IPA-th|râːt.tɕʰā ʔāːnāːtɕàk tʰāj|IPA|Th-pratheidthai raachaanaajakthai.ogg}}<!--See and listen here: http://www.thai-language.com/id/210678-->), is a [[country]] in [[Southeast Asia]]. Its neighbours are [[Laos]], [[Cambodia]], [[Malaysia]], and [[Myanmar]]. Its name was '''Siam''' until [[June 24|June]] [[1939]]<ref name="ThaiCSM">[https://archive.today/20120729065613/http://www.csmngt.com/thailand_history.htm Thailand (Siam) History], CSMngt-Thai.</ref> and between 1945 and [[May 11]] [[1949]]. The word Thai (ไทย) comes from the ethnic group in the center of Thailand. Thailand is a [[constitutional monarchy]]. It has a [[King]] as a [[head of state]], who is [[Vajiralongkorn]] at the moment. Most people here (95 percent) follow the [[philosophy]] called [[Buddhism]]. Smaller number of people (4.4%), mostly to the south, follow [[Islam]]. Other religions in Thailand are [[Christianity]], [[Hinduism]], and [[Sikhism]]. [[Population]]: the total [[fertility rate]] was 1.3 (in 2019).<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2264075/low-birth-rate-worries-experts. Retrieved 15 Februar 2022</ref> Geography: The highest mountain is at 2,565 m (8,415 ft), [[:en:Doi_Inthanon|Doi Inthanon]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Doi_Inthanon picture].) The prime minister is [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] (since August 2024).<ref name=PaetongtarnPM/> ==History== A Buddhist kingdom named [[Sukhothai]] was founded here in [[1238]]. A century later, a bigger kingdom named Ayuthaya appeared south of Sukhothai. Later Sukhothai became a part of Ayuthaya. Ayuthaya existed for more than 400 years before its fall by the attack of a [[Burma|Burmese]] kingdom. A soldier of [[Chinese people|Chinese]] origin then founded a new capital city at Thonburi, and became King Tāksin. The founding of [[Bangkok]] as the capital city, was the start of the [[Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)]]. It was founded by King [[Rama I]] of the Chakri Dynasty<!--The current era, Rattanakosin, started on founding by King Rama I of Chakri Dynasty-->. Before [[1932]], Thailand was an [[absolute monarchy]]. On [[June 24]], 1932, a group of people did a [[coup]] and changed Thailand to a [[constitutional monarchy]]. It was not until [[1973]] that Thai people voted for a [[Prime Minister]] in an [[election]].<!--There were [[coup]]s both before and after this year.--> In 1951, there was a failed coup - the Manhattan Rebellion.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/1290939/shifting-thai-alliances-in-the-21st-century|title=Shifting Thai alliances in the 21st century|first=Bangkok Post Public Company|last=Limited|newspaper=Bangkok Post}}</ref> On [[September 19]], [[2006]], the army did a coup d'état and took control from [[Thaksin Shinawatra]]'s government. In May 2014, a new military coup d'état removed another government. In October [[2016]], [[Vajiralongkorn|Rama X]] became the new king. Between 1932 and 2014, Thailand had 12 coup d'etats. The [[2025 Cambodian–Thai border crisis]] started in May 2025; One Cambodian soldier was killed.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3044755/cambodian-troops-agree-to-retreat-from-thai-border#google_vignette. Retrieved 2025-06-09</ref> The conflict had not ended by the last week of June.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3056862/border-closure-spares-students-but-hits-local-business-hard. Retrieved 2025-06-25</ref><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3044826/cambodian-troops-agree-to-withdraw?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2025-06-09</ref> ==Provinces== Thailand is made up of 76 [[province]]s (จังหวัด, changwat), put into 5 groups. There are 2 specially governed districts: the capital Bangkok and Pattaya. The 76 provinces including Bangkok are as follows: [[File:Thailand provinces.png|right|250 px|thumb|Thailand provinces]] [[File:Thailand map CIA.png|right|thumb|Map of Thailand]] === Central === # [[Ang Thong Province|Ang Thong]] # [[Bangkok|Bangkok (Krung Thep Maha Nakhon)]], Special Governed District of # [[Chainat Province|Chai Nat]] # [[Kanchanaburi Province|Kanchanaburi]] # [[Lopburi Province|Lopburi]] # [[Nakhon Nayok Province|Nakhon Nayok]] # [[Nakhon Pathom Province|Nakhon Pathom]] # [[Nonthaburi Province|Nonthaburi]] # [[Pathum Thani Province|Pathum Thani]] # [[Phetchaburi Province|Phetchaburi]] # [[Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya]] # [[Prachuap Khiri Khan]] # [[Ratchaburi Province|Ratchaburi]] # [[Samut Prakan]] # [[Samut Sakhon]] # [[Samut Songkhram]] # [[Saraburi]] # [[Sing Buri]] # [[Suphan Buri]] === East === # [[Chachoengsao]] # [[Chanthaburi]] # [[Chonburi]] # [[Prachinburi]] # [[Rayong]] # [[Sa Kaeo]] # [[Trat]] === North === # [[Chiang Mai Province|Chiang Mai]] # [[Chiang Rai]] # [[Kamphaeng Phet Province|Kamphaeng Phet]] # [[Lampang Province|Lampang]] # [[Lamphun]] # [[Mae Hong Son]] # [[Nakhon Sawan]] # [[Nan]] # [[Phayao]] # [[Phetchabun Province|Phetchabun]] # [[Phichit]] # [[Phitsanulok]] # [[Phrae]] # [[Sukhothai]] # [[Tak Province|Tak]] # [[Uthai Thani]] # [[Uttaradit]] [[File:Chmwphrasingh0506e.jpg|right|thumb|222px|upright|Wat Phra Sing, [[Chiang Mai Province]] ]] === Northeast (Isan) === # [[Amnat Charoen]] # [[Bueng Kan]] # [[Buriram|Buri Ram]] # [[Chaiyaphum Province|Chaiyaphum]] # [[Kalasin]] # [[Khon Kaen]] # [[Loei Province|Loei]] # [[Maha Sarakham]] # [[Mukdahan]] # [[Nakhon Phanom]] # [[Nakhon Ratchasima Province|Nakhon Ratchasima]] # [[Nong Bua Lamphu]] # [[Nong Khai]] # [[Roi Et]] # [[Sakon Nakhon]] # [[Si Sa Ket]] # [[Surin]] # [[Ubon Ratchathani]] # [[Udon Thani]] # [[Yasothon]] === South === # [[Chumphon Province|Chumphon]] # [[Krabi]] # [[Nakhon Si Thammarat]] # [[Narathiwat]] # [[Pattani]] # [[Phang Nga province|Phang Nga]] # [[Phatthalung]] # [[Phuket]] # [[Rayong|Ranong]] # [[Satun]] # [[Songkhla]] # [[Surat Thani]] # [[Trang Province|Trang]] # [[Yala]]<!--'''NOTE''': In ''italics'' [1], that province is about the '''Greater Bangkok''' sub-region; in ''italics'' [2], that province is about the '''West''' sub-region.--> ==Economy== The [[economy]] of Thailand "is based on trade and [[investment]] in the [[agriculture|agricultural]] and [[tourism]] sectors, according to media.<ref name="ForeignDirectInvestment">https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2599545/horns-of-a-dilemma. [[Bangkok Post]]. Retrieved 2023-06-26</ref> In 2022, the country with investors that invested the most in Thailand, was Japan; Chinese investors had the second place.<ref name=ForeignDirectInvestment/> Industry had a contribution to the [[GDP]], of 43.9 percent (in 2007), and 14 percent of the workforce are in that sector (of the economy). Within that sector, ''[[manufacturing]]'' was the biggest part, and it had a contribution (to the GDP), with 34.5 (in 2004). As of 2025's first quarter, media said that there is "weakness [...] in the manufacturing sector, especially [[automotive]], [[petrochemical]]s and construction materials".<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/2969963/thai-growth-outlook-remains-stable. Retrieved 2025-02-28</ref> [[Agriculture in Thailand]]: Rice is the country's most important crop; Some 60 percent of Thailand's 13 million farmers grow that, according to media (2017). Amount of crops produced: [[sugarcane]];<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3010352/thai-firms-halt-syrup-production-as-chinas-ban-drags-on. Retrieved 2025-04-24</ref> [c. 104 million tons] or 104.3 million tons was harvested in 2018 (4th largest producer in the world); Rice, [c. 32 million tons or] 32.1 million tons (6th largest producer in the world); [[Cassava]], 31.6 million tons (2nd largest producer in the world). "The Thai-US trade volume has been roughly 6.0% of GDP", but on top of that significant amounts of Chinese goods are getting labels ''Made in Thailand'', while in many cases the goods were actually Made in China, according to media.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/3026007/thai-us-trade-talks-are-likely-to-fail?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2025-05-15</ref> "The US was Thailand's largest export market" in 2024; The U.S. imported things for $55 billion.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3024546/thailand-has-sent-trade-proposal-to-united-states-pm-says. Retrieved 2025-05-13</ref> The [[GDP growth]] (year 2024), was 2.5%.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/3036940/thailand-has-lost-its-last-growth-engine. Retrieved 2025-05-29</ref> In regard to trade with Cambodia: Exports were at 1.05 trillion baht (2024); Imports were at 767 billion baht.<ref name=ScrapMetal/> In regard to things that go thru border [[checkpoint]]s on the Cambodian-Thai border: "The largest [[volume]] of [things or] items included cassava and [[scrap metal]] needed for [[industrial processing]]", according to media in 2025.<ref name=ScrapMetal>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3060454/cambodia-spat-expected-to-cost-border-trade-b60bn. Retrieved 2025-06-30</ref> In 2014, [[Credit Suisse]] reported that Thailand was the world's third most unequal country, behind Russia and India.<ref name="BBC 2017" /> The top 10% richest held 79% of the country's assets.<ref name="BBC 2017" /> The top 1% held 58% of the assets.<ref name="BBC 2017">{{Cite news |last=พงศ์พิพัฒน์ บัญชานนท์ |date=18 June 2017 |script-title=th:ยิ่งนานยิ่งถ่าง ช่องว่างทางรายได้ ปัญหาใหญ่ที่รอ คสช. แก้ |language=th |work=[[BBC]] Thailand |url=http://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-40317663 |url-status=live |access-date=25 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514163313/https://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-40317663 |archive-date=14 May 2018}}</ref> ==Government== The acting prime minister is [[Suriya Juangroongruangkit]] (as of July 2025); [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] is [[suspension|suspended]].<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3062022/paetongtarn-shinawatras-suspension-deals-new-blow-to-thailands-battered-economy. Retrieved 2025-07-02</ref> In regard to the (job or ) post as [[Culture minister]]: [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] got (July 30) "royal approval of her new cabinet [where] she was given [one extra job, or] the dual role of minister for culture".<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/3061392/court-suspends-pm-paetongtarn-from-office-in-hun-sen-phone-call-case. Retrieved 2025-07-02</ref> Earlier (September 2024), new members of the [[Cabinet of Thailand]] got [[approval]] from the king .<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2859376/king-endorses-new-cabinet. Retrieved 2024-09-04</ref> The Cabinet members include *''foreign minister'' or [[minister of foreign affairs]]<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/2872893/thai-foreign-policy-needs-new-rudder?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2024-09-27</ref> *[[Ministry_of_Natural_Resources_and_Environment_(Thailand)|minister of natural resources and environment]].<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2859701/minister-faces-probe-regarding-state-land. Retrieved 2024-09-05</ref> *[[Narumon Pinyosinwat|Agriculture and Cooperatives Minister]]<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2862031/thamanat-chaperones-new-minister-on-flood-inspection. Retrieved 2024-09-09</ref> ==Armed conflict in the provinces Narathiwat, Pattani, and Yala== The [[South Thailand armed rebellion]] has its [[origin]]s from 1948;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/thailandmalay-muslims-1948-present/ |title=Thailand/Malay Muslims (1948–present) |publisher=University of Central Arkansas|access-date=30 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930013606/http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/thailandmalay-muslims-1948-present/|archive-date=30 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> It started as an ethnic and religious [[separatist]] [[armed rebellion]] in [[Patani (historical region)]]; Many [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay]] people live there; That region is made up of the three southernmost provinces of Thailand and parts of a fourth province (Songkhla); The conflict has become more complex and more violent since the early 2000s; [[Drug cartel]]s,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://library2.parliament.go.th/ebook/content-issue/2561/hi2561-002.pdf|title=ยาเสพติด : ปัญหาภัยแทรกซ้อนในจังหวัดชายแดนภาคใต้|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=5 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205150145/https://library2.parliament.go.th/ebook/content-issue/2561/hi2561-002.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.matichon.co.th/local/crime/news_1249219|title=ยิ่งจับยิ่งเยอะ รวบแก๊งค้ายาบ้าจังหวัดชายแดนใต้ พร้อมของกลางกว่า 7 แสนเม็ด|date=29 November 2018}}</ref> [[Smuggling|oil smuggling networks]],<ref name="น้ำมันเถื่อน"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/detail/597869|title=ผ่าเครือข่ายน้ำมันเถื่อนใต้ ผลประโยชน์หมื่นล้าน|website=bangkokbiznews.com/|date=8 August 2014}}</ref> and some [[Piracy|pirate]] raids have much to do with the violence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/detail/589207|title=แกะรอยเส้นทาง'เสี่ยโจ้'คนโตชายแดนใต้?|website=bangkokbiznews.com/|date=20 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.posttoday.com/social/local/332694|title=จับ8โจรสลัดปล้นเรืออินโดฯรุกน่านน้ำไทย|website=posttoday.com|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628160524/https://www.posttoday.com/social/local/332694|url-status=dead}}</ref> 57 people died (year 2023), in the conflict.<ref name="acleddata.com">{{cite web |url=https://acleddata.com/ |title=Conflict Index 2024 |website=Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) |access-date=1 March 2020 |archive-date=29 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129091359/https://acleddata.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Other information== Since 2025, using [[cannabis]] for fun, is (again) against the law.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3059036/thailands-cannabis-dreams-go-up-in-smoke. Retrieved 2025-06-29</ref><!--[[cannabis]] has again become a [[controlled substance]];--><ref name=ControlAndCriminalized>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-25 |title=Country bans recreational cannabis again in major blow to tourism |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/southeast-asia/thailand-cannabis-illegal-law-b2776598.html |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> [[Physician]]s and "Thai traditional doctors, [[Chinese medicine]] practitioners and [[pharmacist]]s [are some of those that] can [[authorization|authorise]] cannabis use", according to media.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3059036/thailands-cannabis-dreams-go-up-in-smoke. Retrieved 2025-06-29</ref><!--About the law becoming more strict about drug use. In October 2024, the government said that it will make a [[law]] or "[[regulation]] to tighten control of the production, import, export, sale and possession of [[cannabis]] and [[hemp]] [[extract]]s".--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2880868/cannabis-controls-to-be-tightened. Retrieved 2024-10-10</ref><!--Earlier (September 2024), media said that the country's [[lawmaker]]s were going to vote about a new law about use of [[cannabis]]; The [[law proposal]] says that "anyone who [... uses] cannabis or its [[extract]]s for uses not specified in the bill will face a fine of up to 60,000 baht"; Furthermore, the law proposal is also about putting limits on " marijuana uses to primarily [[health]] and [[medical]] purposes".--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2869153/thailand-unveils-new-bill-to-regulate-cannabis-while-keeping-it-legal. Retrieved 2024-09-20</ref><!--Authorities have said that from the first day of 2025, [[cannabis]] will be outlawed (again).--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2823881/cannabis-set-to-return-to-illegal-drugs-list-after-vote. [[Bangkok Post]]. Retrieved 2024-07-06</ref><!-- However, media said (July 2024) that new rules about [[criminalising]] cannabis (again), still have to [get [[approval]] from, or] "clear the [[Narcotics Control Board]];--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2834332/thailand-signals-another-u-turn-on-cannabis. Retrieved 2024-07-23</ref> [[Environmental issues]]: [[Industrial growth]] has created (much or) high levels of air pollution in Thailand. Vehicles and factories (give or) contribute to air pollution. Measurement of ''PM 2.5 pollution'' is one of the ways of measuring [[air pollution]]; In that way, the [[particulate]]s (in the atmosphere), that are smaller than 2.5 microns, get measured.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2943465/unsafe-pm2-5-levels-blanket-64-provinces. Retrieved 2025-01-20</ref> == References == === Footnotes === {{reflist|2|refs= <ref name=CIA>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html Thailand], CIA World Factbook.</ref> }} === Further reading === * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/th.html The United States CIA website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050612084026/http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/th.html |date=2005-06-12 }} == Other websites == {{sisterlinks|Thailand|voy=Thailand}} * [http://www.thaigov.go.th/ Thaigov.go.th Royal Government of Thailand] * [http://www.tourismthailand.org/ Tourism Authority of Thailand] Official tourism website * [http://www.parliament.go.th/files/mainpage.htm Thai National Assembly] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513022240/http://www.parliament.go.th/files/mainpage.htm |date=2008-05-13 }} Official Thai Parliament website * [http://www.mfa.go.th/ Mfa.go.th] Thailand Ministry of Foreign Affairs * [http://www.thaibirding.com Birdwatching in Thailand] * [http://www.learnthaiculture.com Learn Thai Culture.com] * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html CIA - The World Factbook - Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229000203/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html |date=2010-12-29 }} * [http://www.commonlanguageproject.net/?page_id=41#Thailand Thailand Country Fact Sheet] from the Common Language Project * [http://map.longdo.com/ Longdo Map Thailand] On-line Thailand map * [http://www.holiday-thai.com/ Holidays Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411000216/http://www.holiday-thai.com/ |date=2008-04-11 }} Holidays In Thailand {{Asia}} {{ASEAN}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Thailand| ]] [[Category:Current monarchies]] [[Category:Monarchies of Asia]] [[Category:1932 establishments in Asia]] mviayvnkv0rxd0ulsk8tuhgobvtch75 10367878 10367872 2025-07-02T16:25:19Z 2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA [[Ministry of Culture (Thailand)]] 10367878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{redlinks|date=September 2011}} {{Infobox country | native_name = {{ubl|{{native name|th|ราชอาณาจักรไทย|italics=off}}|{{lang|th-Latn|Ratcha-anachak Thai}}|{{native name|th|ประเทศไทย|italics=off}}|{{lang|th-Latn|Prathet Thai}}}} | conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Thailand | common_name = Thailand | image_flag = Flag of Thailand.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Thailand.svg | symbol_type = Emblem | national_anthem = ''[[Thai National Anthem|Phleng Chat Thai]]''<br />({{lang-en|"Thai National Anthem"}})<div style="padding-top:0.5em;">[[File:Thai National Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg|center]]</div> ---- | royal_anthem = ''[[Sansoen Phra Barami]]''<br />({{lang-en|"Glorify His prestige"}})<div style="padding-top:0.5em;">[[File:Thai Royal Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg|center]]</div> | image_map = Location Thailand ASEAN.svg | map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=green|region=[[ASEAN]]|region_color=dark grey|legend=Location Thailand ASEAN.svg}} | capital = {{nowrap|[[Bangkok]] (Thai: ''Krung Thep'')¹}} | coordinates = {{Coord|13|45|N|100|29|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Thai language|Thai]]<!--Note: Central Thai is also the national language. --><ref name="CIA">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/thailand/ "Thailand"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610164345/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/thailand/|date=10 June 2021}}, ''The World Factbook''.</ref><!--Thai is the official language. English is a non-official secondary language.--> | languages = [[Central Thai language|Central Thai]], [[Isan language|Isan]], [[Northern Thai language|Lanna (Northern Thai)]], [[Southern Thai language|Dambro (Southern Thai)]], [[Karenic languages|Karen]], [[Kelantan-Pattani Malay|Pattani Malay]], [[Bangkok Malay]], [[Teochew dialect|Teochew]], [[Hokkien]] | languages_type = Spoken languages | languages_sub = yes | ethnic_groups = {{tree list}} *80% [[Thai people|Thai]] **37% Thai (Central Thai) **25% [[Isan people|Thai Lao (Northeastern Thai)]] **8% [[Northern Thai people|Lanna (Northern Thai)]] **8% [[Southern Thai language|Dambro (Southern Thai)]] **2% (Western Thai) * 12% [[Thai Chinese]] * 4% [[Khmer people|Khmer]] * 4% [[Thai Malays|Malays]] {{tree list/end}} | languages2_type = [[Official script]]s | languages2 = [[Thai alphabet]] | ethnic_groups = [[Thai people|Thai]] (75%)<br> {{*}}Northeastern Thai ([[Lao people|Isan]]) (34.2%)<br> {{*}}Central Thai (33.7%)<br> {{*}}Southern Thai (13.3%)<br> [[Thai Chinese|Chinese]] (14%)<br> [[Northern Khmer people|Khmer]] (4%)<br> [[Malay people|Malay]] (4%)<br> [[India people|Tamil]] (3%)<br> Other (1%) | ethnic_groups_year = 2009<ref name=CIA/><ref>{{Citation |first=Barbara A. |last=West |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania |publisher=Facts on File |year=2009 |page=794}}</ref> | demonym = Thai | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary democracy]] and [[constitutional monarchy]] | leader_title1 = Monarch | leader_name1 = [[Vajiralongkorn|Maha Vajiralongkorn]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Thailand|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] ([[suspension|suspended]])<ref name=PaetongtarnPM>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2848292/paetongtarn-shinawatra-elected-thailands-31st-prime-minister. Retrieved 2024-08-16</ref><br>[[Suriya Juangroongruangkit]] (acting) | legislature = [[National Assembly of Thailand|National Assembly]] | upper_house = [[Senate of Thailand|Senate]] | lower_house = {{nowrap|[[House of Representatives of Thailand|House of Representatives]]}} | sovereignty_type = [[History of Thailand|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Sukhothai Kingdom]] | established_date1 = 1238–1448 | established_event2 = [[Ayutthaya Kingdom]] | established_date2 = 1351–1767 | established_event3 = [[Thonburi Kingdom]] | established_date3 = 1768–1782 | established_event4 = [[Rattanakosin Kingdom]] | established_date4 = 6 April 1782 | established_event5 = {{nowrap|[[Siamese revolution of 1932|Constitutional monarchy]]}} | established_date5 = 24 June 1932 | established_event6 = [[2007 Constitution of Thailand|2007 Constitution]] | established_date6 = 24 August 2007 | area_rank = 51st | area_km2 = 513,120 | area_sq_mi = 198,115 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 0.4 (2,230 km²) | population_estimate = 66,720,153²<ref>{{cite web|url=http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf|title=|date=16 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716001724/http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf|archive-date=2011-07-16}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 20th | population_estimate_year = 2011 | population_census = 65,479,453<ref>National Statistics Office. "100th anniversary of population censuses in Thailand: Population and housing census 2010: 11th census of Thailand" (in Thai), online accessible at: [http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712002347/http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc |date=2012-07-12 }}, retrieved on 30 January 2012.</ref> | population_census_year = 2010 | population_density_km2 = 132.1 | population_density_sq_mi = 342 <!--Do remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 88th | GDP_PPP = $616.783 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=61&pr.y=20&sy=2010&ey=2015&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=578&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Report for Thailand|work=World Economic Outlook Database|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|accessdate=25 July 2011}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = 24th | GDP_PPP_year = 2011 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $9,598<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 84th | GDP_nominal = $332.47 billion<ref name=imf2/> <!--Do not edit!--> | GDP_nominal_rank = 30th | GDP_nominal_year = 2011 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $5,174<ref name=imf2/> <!--Do not edit!--> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 89th | Gini = 42.5 | Gini_rank = | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |title=Human Development Report |publisher=UNDP |year=2009 |accessdate=27 October 2011 |archive-date=16 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116234423/http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | Gini_year = 2009 | HDI = 0.682 | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNDP">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Tables.pdf|title= Human Development Report 2011 – Human development statistical annex|publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]]|pages=127–130|accessdate=2 November 2011}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 103rd | HDI_year = 2011 | currency = [[Thai baht|Baht]] (฿) | currency_code = THB | time_zone = | utc_offset = +7 | time_zone_DST = | DST_note = | utc_offset_DST = <!-- +N, where N is number of hours --> | cctld = [[.th]], [[.ไทย]] | drives_on = left | calling_code = [[+66]] | footnotes = <!--for any generic non-numbered footnotes--> | footnote1 = {{note|1}}Thai name: กรุงเทพมหานคร ''Krung Thep Maha Nakhon'' or ''Krung Thep''. The full name is กรุงเทพมหานคร อมรรัตนโกสินทร์ มหินทรายุทธยา มหาดิลกภพ นพรัตนราชธานีบุรีรมย์ อุดมราชนิเวศน์มหาสถาน อมรพิมานอวตารสถิต สักกะทัตติยะวิษณุกรรมประสิทธิ์ ''Krung Thep Mahanakhon Amon Rattanakosin Mahinthara Yuthaya Mahadilok Phop Noppharat Ratchathani Burirom Udomratchaniwet Mahasathan Amon Phiman Awatan Sathit Sakkathattiya Witsanukam Prasit''. | footnote2 = {{note|2}}According to the Department of Provincial Administration's [http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf official register], not taking into account unregistered citizens and immigrants. }} '''Thailand''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|aɪ|l|æ|n|d}} {{respell|TY|land}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|aɪ|l|ə|n|d}} {{respell|TY|lənd}};<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thailand |title=Merriam-Webster Online |publisher=Merriam-webster.com |date=25 April 2007 |accessdate=25 April 2010}}</ref> {{lang-th|ประเทศไทย}}, {{RTGS|Prathet Thai}}), officially the '''Kingdom of Thailand''' ({{lang-th|ราชอาณาจักรไทย}}, {{RTGS|Ratcha Anachak Thai}}; {{IPA-th|râːt.tɕʰā ʔāːnāːtɕàk tʰāj|IPA|Th-pratheidthai raachaanaajakthai.ogg}}<!--See and listen here: http://www.thai-language.com/id/210678-->), is a [[country]] in [[Southeast Asia]]. Its neighbours are [[Laos]], [[Cambodia]], [[Malaysia]], and [[Myanmar]]. Its name was '''Siam''' until [[June 24|June]] [[1939]]<ref name="ThaiCSM">[https://archive.today/20120729065613/http://www.csmngt.com/thailand_history.htm Thailand (Siam) History], CSMngt-Thai.</ref> and between 1945 and [[May 11]] [[1949]]. The word Thai (ไทย) comes from the ethnic group in the center of Thailand. Thailand is a [[constitutional monarchy]]. It has a [[King]] as a [[head of state]], who is [[Vajiralongkorn]] at the moment. Most people here (95 percent) follow the [[philosophy]] called [[Buddhism]]. Smaller number of people (4.4%), mostly to the south, follow [[Islam]]. Other religions in Thailand are [[Christianity]], [[Hinduism]], and [[Sikhism]]. [[Population]]: the total [[fertility rate]] was 1.3 (in 2019).<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2264075/low-birth-rate-worries-experts. Retrieved 15 Februar 2022</ref> Geography: The highest mountain is at 2,565 m (8,415 ft), [[:en:Doi_Inthanon|Doi Inthanon]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Doi_Inthanon picture].) The prime minister is [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] (since August 2024).<ref name=PaetongtarnPM/> ==History== A Buddhist kingdom named [[Sukhothai]] was founded here in [[1238]]. A century later, a bigger kingdom named Ayuthaya appeared south of Sukhothai. Later Sukhothai became a part of Ayuthaya. Ayuthaya existed for more than 400 years before its fall by the attack of a [[Burma|Burmese]] kingdom. A soldier of [[Chinese people|Chinese]] origin then founded a new capital city at Thonburi, and became King Tāksin. The founding of [[Bangkok]] as the capital city, was the start of the [[Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)]]. It was founded by King [[Rama I]] of the Chakri Dynasty<!--The current era, Rattanakosin, started on founding by King Rama I of Chakri Dynasty-->. Before [[1932]], Thailand was an [[absolute monarchy]]. On [[June 24]], 1932, a group of people did a [[coup]] and changed Thailand to a [[constitutional monarchy]]. It was not until [[1973]] that Thai people voted for a [[Prime Minister]] in an [[election]].<!--There were [[coup]]s both before and after this year.--> In 1951, there was a failed coup - the Manhattan Rebellion.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/1290939/shifting-thai-alliances-in-the-21st-century|title=Shifting Thai alliances in the 21st century|first=Bangkok Post Public Company|last=Limited|newspaper=Bangkok Post}}</ref> On [[September 19]], [[2006]], the army did a coup d'état and took control from [[Thaksin Shinawatra]]'s government. In May 2014, a new military coup d'état removed another government. In October [[2016]], [[Vajiralongkorn|Rama X]] became the new king. Between 1932 and 2014, Thailand had 12 coup d'etats. The [[2025 Cambodian–Thai border crisis]] started in May 2025; One Cambodian soldier was killed.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3044755/cambodian-troops-agree-to-retreat-from-thai-border#google_vignette. Retrieved 2025-06-09</ref> The conflict had not ended by the last week of June.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3056862/border-closure-spares-students-but-hits-local-business-hard. Retrieved 2025-06-25</ref><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3044826/cambodian-troops-agree-to-withdraw?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2025-06-09</ref> ==Provinces== Thailand is made up of 76 [[province]]s (จังหวัด, changwat), put into 5 groups. There are 2 specially governed districts: the capital Bangkok and Pattaya. The 76 provinces including Bangkok are as follows: [[File:Thailand provinces.png|right|250 px|thumb|Thailand provinces]] [[File:Thailand map CIA.png|right|thumb|Map of Thailand]] === Central === # [[Ang Thong Province|Ang Thong]] # [[Bangkok|Bangkok (Krung Thep Maha Nakhon)]], Special Governed District of # [[Chainat Province|Chai Nat]] # [[Kanchanaburi Province|Kanchanaburi]] # [[Lopburi Province|Lopburi]] # [[Nakhon Nayok Province|Nakhon Nayok]] # [[Nakhon Pathom Province|Nakhon Pathom]] # [[Nonthaburi Province|Nonthaburi]] # [[Pathum Thani Province|Pathum Thani]] # [[Phetchaburi Province|Phetchaburi]] # [[Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya]] # [[Prachuap Khiri Khan]] # [[Ratchaburi Province|Ratchaburi]] # [[Samut Prakan]] # [[Samut Sakhon]] # [[Samut Songkhram]] # [[Saraburi]] # [[Sing Buri]] # [[Suphan Buri]] === East === # [[Chachoengsao]] # [[Chanthaburi]] # [[Chonburi]] # [[Prachinburi]] # [[Rayong]] # [[Sa Kaeo]] # [[Trat]] === North === # [[Chiang Mai Province|Chiang Mai]] # [[Chiang Rai]] # [[Kamphaeng Phet Province|Kamphaeng Phet]] # [[Lampang Province|Lampang]] # [[Lamphun]] # [[Mae Hong Son]] # [[Nakhon Sawan]] # [[Nan]] # [[Phayao]] # [[Phetchabun Province|Phetchabun]] # [[Phichit]] # [[Phitsanulok]] # [[Phrae]] # [[Sukhothai]] # [[Tak Province|Tak]] # [[Uthai Thani]] # [[Uttaradit]] [[File:Chmwphrasingh0506e.jpg|right|thumb|222px|upright|Wat Phra Sing, [[Chiang Mai Province]] ]] === Northeast (Isan) === # [[Amnat Charoen]] # [[Bueng Kan]] # [[Buriram|Buri Ram]] # [[Chaiyaphum Province|Chaiyaphum]] # [[Kalasin]] # [[Khon Kaen]] # [[Loei Province|Loei]] # [[Maha Sarakham]] # [[Mukdahan]] # [[Nakhon Phanom]] # [[Nakhon Ratchasima Province|Nakhon Ratchasima]] # [[Nong Bua Lamphu]] # [[Nong Khai]] # [[Roi Et]] # [[Sakon Nakhon]] # [[Si Sa Ket]] # [[Surin]] # [[Ubon Ratchathani]] # [[Udon Thani]] # [[Yasothon]] === South === # [[Chumphon Province|Chumphon]] # [[Krabi]] # [[Nakhon Si Thammarat]] # [[Narathiwat]] # [[Pattani]] # [[Phang Nga province|Phang Nga]] # [[Phatthalung]] # [[Phuket]] # [[Rayong|Ranong]] # [[Satun]] # [[Songkhla]] # [[Surat Thani]] # [[Trang Province|Trang]] # [[Yala]]<!--'''NOTE''': In ''italics'' [1], that province is about the '''Greater Bangkok''' sub-region; in ''italics'' [2], that province is about the '''West''' sub-region.--> ==Economy== The [[economy]] of Thailand "is based on trade and [[investment]] in the [[agriculture|agricultural]] and [[tourism]] sectors, according to media.<ref name="ForeignDirectInvestment">https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2599545/horns-of-a-dilemma. [[Bangkok Post]]. Retrieved 2023-06-26</ref> In 2022, the country with investors that invested the most in Thailand, was Japan; Chinese investors had the second place.<ref name=ForeignDirectInvestment/> Industry had a contribution to the [[GDP]], of 43.9 percent (in 2007), and 14 percent of the workforce are in that sector (of the economy). Within that sector, ''[[manufacturing]]'' was the biggest part, and it had a contribution (to the GDP), with 34.5 (in 2004). As of 2025's first quarter, media said that there is "weakness [...] in the manufacturing sector, especially [[automotive]], [[petrochemical]]s and construction materials".<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/2969963/thai-growth-outlook-remains-stable. Retrieved 2025-02-28</ref> [[Agriculture in Thailand]]: Rice is the country's most important crop; Some 60 percent of Thailand's 13 million farmers grow that, according to media (2017). Amount of crops produced: [[sugarcane]];<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3010352/thai-firms-halt-syrup-production-as-chinas-ban-drags-on. Retrieved 2025-04-24</ref> [c. 104 million tons] or 104.3 million tons was harvested in 2018 (4th largest producer in the world); Rice, [c. 32 million tons or] 32.1 million tons (6th largest producer in the world); [[Cassava]], 31.6 million tons (2nd largest producer in the world). "The Thai-US trade volume has been roughly 6.0% of GDP", but on top of that significant amounts of Chinese goods are getting labels ''Made in Thailand'', while in many cases the goods were actually Made in China, according to media.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/3026007/thai-us-trade-talks-are-likely-to-fail?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2025-05-15</ref> "The US was Thailand's largest export market" in 2024; The U.S. imported things for $55 billion.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3024546/thailand-has-sent-trade-proposal-to-united-states-pm-says. Retrieved 2025-05-13</ref> The [[GDP growth]] (year 2024), was 2.5%.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/3036940/thailand-has-lost-its-last-growth-engine. Retrieved 2025-05-29</ref> In regard to trade with Cambodia: Exports were at 1.05 trillion baht (2024); Imports were at 767 billion baht.<ref name=ScrapMetal/> In regard to things that go thru border [[checkpoint]]s on the Cambodian-Thai border: "The largest [[volume]] of [things or] items included cassava and [[scrap metal]] needed for [[industrial processing]]", according to media in 2025.<ref name=ScrapMetal>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3060454/cambodia-spat-expected-to-cost-border-trade-b60bn. Retrieved 2025-06-30</ref> In 2014, [[Credit Suisse]] reported that Thailand was the world's third most unequal country, behind Russia and India.<ref name="BBC 2017" /> The top 10% richest held 79% of the country's assets.<ref name="BBC 2017" /> The top 1% held 58% of the assets.<ref name="BBC 2017">{{Cite news |last=พงศ์พิพัฒน์ บัญชานนท์ |date=18 June 2017 |script-title=th:ยิ่งนานยิ่งถ่าง ช่องว่างทางรายได้ ปัญหาใหญ่ที่รอ คสช. แก้ |language=th |work=[[BBC]] Thailand |url=http://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-40317663 |url-status=live |access-date=25 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514163313/https://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-40317663 |archive-date=14 May 2018}}</ref> ==Government== The acting prime minister is [[Suriya Juangroongruangkit]] (as of July 2025); [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] is [[suspension|suspended]].<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3062022/paetongtarn-shinawatras-suspension-deals-new-blow-to-thailands-battered-economy. Retrieved 2025-07-02</ref> In regard to the (job or ) post as [[Ministry of Culture (Thailand)|Culture minister]]: [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] got (July 30) "royal approval of her new cabinet [where] she was given [one extra job, or] the dual role of minister for culture".<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/3061392/court-suspends-pm-paetongtarn-from-office-in-hun-sen-phone-call-case. Retrieved 2025-07-02</ref> Earlier (September 2024), new members of the [[Cabinet of Thailand]] got [[approval]] from the king .<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2859376/king-endorses-new-cabinet. Retrieved 2024-09-04</ref> The Cabinet members include *''foreign minister'' or [[minister of foreign affairs]]<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/2872893/thai-foreign-policy-needs-new-rudder?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2024-09-27</ref> *[[Ministry_of_Natural_Resources_and_Environment_(Thailand)|minister of natural resources and environment]].<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2859701/minister-faces-probe-regarding-state-land. Retrieved 2024-09-05</ref> *[[Narumon Pinyosinwat|Agriculture and Cooperatives Minister]]<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2862031/thamanat-chaperones-new-minister-on-flood-inspection. Retrieved 2024-09-09</ref> ==Armed conflict in the provinces Narathiwat, Pattani, and Yala== The [[South Thailand armed rebellion]] has its [[origin]]s from 1948;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/thailandmalay-muslims-1948-present/ |title=Thailand/Malay Muslims (1948–present) |publisher=University of Central Arkansas|access-date=30 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930013606/http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/thailandmalay-muslims-1948-present/|archive-date=30 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> It started as an ethnic and religious [[separatist]] [[armed rebellion]] in [[Patani (historical region)]]; Many [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay]] people live there; That region is made up of the three southernmost provinces of Thailand and parts of a fourth province (Songkhla); The conflict has become more complex and more violent since the early 2000s; [[Drug cartel]]s,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://library2.parliament.go.th/ebook/content-issue/2561/hi2561-002.pdf|title=ยาเสพติด : ปัญหาภัยแทรกซ้อนในจังหวัดชายแดนภาคใต้|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=5 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205150145/https://library2.parliament.go.th/ebook/content-issue/2561/hi2561-002.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.matichon.co.th/local/crime/news_1249219|title=ยิ่งจับยิ่งเยอะ รวบแก๊งค้ายาบ้าจังหวัดชายแดนใต้ พร้อมของกลางกว่า 7 แสนเม็ด|date=29 November 2018}}</ref> [[Smuggling|oil smuggling networks]],<ref name="น้ำมันเถื่อน"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/detail/597869|title=ผ่าเครือข่ายน้ำมันเถื่อนใต้ ผลประโยชน์หมื่นล้าน|website=bangkokbiznews.com/|date=8 August 2014}}</ref> and some [[Piracy|pirate]] raids have much to do with the violence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/detail/589207|title=แกะรอยเส้นทาง'เสี่ยโจ้'คนโตชายแดนใต้?|website=bangkokbiznews.com/|date=20 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.posttoday.com/social/local/332694|title=จับ8โจรสลัดปล้นเรืออินโดฯรุกน่านน้ำไทย|website=posttoday.com|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628160524/https://www.posttoday.com/social/local/332694|url-status=dead}}</ref> 57 people died (year 2023), in the conflict.<ref name="acleddata.com">{{cite web |url=https://acleddata.com/ |title=Conflict Index 2024 |website=Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) |access-date=1 March 2020 |archive-date=29 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129091359/https://acleddata.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Other information== Since 2025, using [[cannabis]] for fun, is (again) against the law.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3059036/thailands-cannabis-dreams-go-up-in-smoke. Retrieved 2025-06-29</ref><!--[[cannabis]] has again become a [[controlled substance]];--><ref name=ControlAndCriminalized>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-25 |title=Country bans recreational cannabis again in major blow to tourism |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/southeast-asia/thailand-cannabis-illegal-law-b2776598.html |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> [[Physician]]s and "Thai traditional doctors, [[Chinese medicine]] practitioners and [[pharmacist]]s [are some of those that] can [[authorization|authorise]] cannabis use", according to media.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3059036/thailands-cannabis-dreams-go-up-in-smoke. Retrieved 2025-06-29</ref><!--About the law becoming more strict about drug use. In October 2024, the government said that it will make a [[law]] or "[[regulation]] to tighten control of the production, import, export, sale and possession of [[cannabis]] and [[hemp]] [[extract]]s".--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2880868/cannabis-controls-to-be-tightened. Retrieved 2024-10-10</ref><!--Earlier (September 2024), media said that the country's [[lawmaker]]s were going to vote about a new law about use of [[cannabis]]; The [[law proposal]] says that "anyone who [... uses] cannabis or its [[extract]]s for uses not specified in the bill will face a fine of up to 60,000 baht"; Furthermore, the law proposal is also about putting limits on " marijuana uses to primarily [[health]] and [[medical]] purposes".--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2869153/thailand-unveils-new-bill-to-regulate-cannabis-while-keeping-it-legal. Retrieved 2024-09-20</ref><!--Authorities have said that from the first day of 2025, [[cannabis]] will be outlawed (again).--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2823881/cannabis-set-to-return-to-illegal-drugs-list-after-vote. [[Bangkok Post]]. Retrieved 2024-07-06</ref><!-- However, media said (July 2024) that new rules about [[criminalising]] cannabis (again), still have to [get [[approval]] from, or] "clear the [[Narcotics Control Board]];--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2834332/thailand-signals-another-u-turn-on-cannabis. Retrieved 2024-07-23</ref> [[Environmental issues]]: [[Industrial growth]] has created (much or) high levels of air pollution in Thailand. Vehicles and factories (give or) contribute to air pollution. Measurement of ''PM 2.5 pollution'' is one of the ways of measuring [[air pollution]]; In that way, the [[particulate]]s (in the atmosphere), that are smaller than 2.5 microns, get measured.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2943465/unsafe-pm2-5-levels-blanket-64-provinces. Retrieved 2025-01-20</ref> == References == === Footnotes === {{reflist|2|refs= <ref name=CIA>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html Thailand], CIA World Factbook.</ref> }} === Further reading === * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/th.html The United States CIA website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050612084026/http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/th.html |date=2005-06-12 }} == Other websites == {{sisterlinks|Thailand|voy=Thailand}} * [http://www.thaigov.go.th/ Thaigov.go.th Royal Government of Thailand] * [http://www.tourismthailand.org/ Tourism Authority of Thailand] Official tourism website * [http://www.parliament.go.th/files/mainpage.htm Thai National Assembly] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513022240/http://www.parliament.go.th/files/mainpage.htm |date=2008-05-13 }} Official Thai Parliament website * [http://www.mfa.go.th/ Mfa.go.th] Thailand Ministry of Foreign Affairs * [http://www.thaibirding.com Birdwatching in Thailand] * [http://www.learnthaiculture.com Learn Thai Culture.com] * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html CIA - The World Factbook - Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229000203/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html |date=2010-12-29 }} * [http://www.commonlanguageproject.net/?page_id=41#Thailand Thailand Country Fact Sheet] from the Common Language Project * [http://map.longdo.com/ Longdo Map Thailand] On-line Thailand map * [http://www.holiday-thai.com/ Holidays Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411000216/http://www.holiday-thai.com/ |date=2008-04-11 }} Holidays In Thailand {{Asia}} {{ASEAN}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Thailand| ]] [[Category:Current monarchies]] [[Category:Monarchies of Asia]] [[Category:1932 establishments in Asia]] oeffzelwep2hi38ylxr4h996h0kvy5r 10367881 10367878 2025-07-02T16:26:23Z 2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA /* Government */ 10367881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{redlinks|date=September 2011}} {{Infobox country | native_name = {{ubl|{{native name|th|ราชอาณาจักรไทย|italics=off}}|{{lang|th-Latn|Ratcha-anachak Thai}}|{{native name|th|ประเทศไทย|italics=off}}|{{lang|th-Latn|Prathet Thai}}}} | conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Thailand | common_name = Thailand | image_flag = Flag of Thailand.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Thailand.svg | symbol_type = Emblem | national_anthem = ''[[Thai National Anthem|Phleng Chat Thai]]''<br />({{lang-en|"Thai National Anthem"}})<div style="padding-top:0.5em;">[[File:Thai National Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg|center]]</div> ---- | royal_anthem = ''[[Sansoen Phra Barami]]''<br />({{lang-en|"Glorify His prestige"}})<div style="padding-top:0.5em;">[[File:Thai Royal Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg|center]]</div> | image_map = Location Thailand ASEAN.svg | map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=green|region=[[ASEAN]]|region_color=dark grey|legend=Location Thailand ASEAN.svg}} | capital = {{nowrap|[[Bangkok]] (Thai: ''Krung Thep'')¹}} | coordinates = {{Coord|13|45|N|100|29|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Thai language|Thai]]<!--Note: Central Thai is also the national language. --><ref name="CIA">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/thailand/ "Thailand"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610164345/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/thailand/|date=10 June 2021}}, ''The World Factbook''.</ref><!--Thai is the official language. English is a non-official secondary language.--> | languages = [[Central Thai language|Central Thai]], [[Isan language|Isan]], [[Northern Thai language|Lanna (Northern Thai)]], [[Southern Thai language|Dambro (Southern Thai)]], [[Karenic languages|Karen]], [[Kelantan-Pattani Malay|Pattani Malay]], [[Bangkok Malay]], [[Teochew dialect|Teochew]], [[Hokkien]] | languages_type = Spoken languages | languages_sub = yes | ethnic_groups = {{tree list}} *80% [[Thai people|Thai]] **37% Thai (Central Thai) **25% [[Isan people|Thai Lao (Northeastern Thai)]] **8% [[Northern Thai people|Lanna (Northern Thai)]] **8% [[Southern Thai language|Dambro (Southern Thai)]] **2% (Western Thai) * 12% [[Thai Chinese]] * 4% [[Khmer people|Khmer]] * 4% [[Thai Malays|Malays]] {{tree list/end}} | languages2_type = [[Official script]]s | languages2 = [[Thai alphabet]] | ethnic_groups = [[Thai people|Thai]] (75%)<br> {{*}}Northeastern Thai ([[Lao people|Isan]]) (34.2%)<br> {{*}}Central Thai (33.7%)<br> {{*}}Southern Thai (13.3%)<br> [[Thai Chinese|Chinese]] (14%)<br> [[Northern Khmer people|Khmer]] (4%)<br> [[Malay people|Malay]] (4%)<br> [[India people|Tamil]] (3%)<br> Other (1%) | ethnic_groups_year = 2009<ref name=CIA/><ref>{{Citation |first=Barbara A. |last=West |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania |publisher=Facts on File |year=2009 |page=794}}</ref> | demonym = Thai | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary democracy]] and [[constitutional monarchy]] | leader_title1 = Monarch | leader_name1 = [[Vajiralongkorn|Maha Vajiralongkorn]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Thailand|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] ([[suspension|suspended]])<ref name=PaetongtarnPM>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2848292/paetongtarn-shinawatra-elected-thailands-31st-prime-minister. Retrieved 2024-08-16</ref><br>[[Suriya Juangroongruangkit]] (acting) | legislature = [[National Assembly of Thailand|National Assembly]] | upper_house = [[Senate of Thailand|Senate]] | lower_house = {{nowrap|[[House of Representatives of Thailand|House of Representatives]]}} | sovereignty_type = [[History of Thailand|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Sukhothai Kingdom]] | established_date1 = 1238–1448 | established_event2 = [[Ayutthaya Kingdom]] | established_date2 = 1351–1767 | established_event3 = [[Thonburi Kingdom]] | established_date3 = 1768–1782 | established_event4 = [[Rattanakosin Kingdom]] | established_date4 = 6 April 1782 | established_event5 = {{nowrap|[[Siamese revolution of 1932|Constitutional monarchy]]}} | established_date5 = 24 June 1932 | established_event6 = [[2007 Constitution of Thailand|2007 Constitution]] | established_date6 = 24 August 2007 | area_rank = 51st | area_km2 = 513,120 | area_sq_mi = 198,115 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 0.4 (2,230 km²) | population_estimate = 66,720,153²<ref>{{cite web|url=http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf|title=|date=16 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716001724/http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf|archive-date=2011-07-16}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 20th | population_estimate_year = 2011 | population_census = 65,479,453<ref>National Statistics Office. "100th anniversary of population censuses in Thailand: Population and housing census 2010: 11th census of Thailand" (in Thai), online accessible at: [http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712002347/http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc |date=2012-07-12 }}, retrieved on 30 January 2012.</ref> | population_census_year = 2010 | population_density_km2 = 132.1 | population_density_sq_mi = 342 <!--Do remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 88th | GDP_PPP = $616.783 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=61&pr.y=20&sy=2010&ey=2015&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=578&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Report for Thailand|work=World Economic Outlook Database|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|accessdate=25 July 2011}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = 24th | GDP_PPP_year = 2011 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $9,598<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 84th | GDP_nominal = $332.47 billion<ref name=imf2/> <!--Do not edit!--> | GDP_nominal_rank = 30th | GDP_nominal_year = 2011 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $5,174<ref name=imf2/> <!--Do not edit!--> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 89th | Gini = 42.5 | Gini_rank = | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |title=Human Development Report |publisher=UNDP |year=2009 |accessdate=27 October 2011 |archive-date=16 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116234423/http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | Gini_year = 2009 | HDI = 0.682 | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNDP">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Tables.pdf|title= Human Development Report 2011 – Human development statistical annex|publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]]|pages=127–130|accessdate=2 November 2011}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 103rd | HDI_year = 2011 | currency = [[Thai baht|Baht]] (฿) | currency_code = THB | time_zone = | utc_offset = +7 | time_zone_DST = | DST_note = | utc_offset_DST = <!-- +N, where N is number of hours --> | cctld = [[.th]], [[.ไทย]] | drives_on = left | calling_code = [[+66]] | footnotes = <!--for any generic non-numbered footnotes--> | footnote1 = {{note|1}}Thai name: กรุงเทพมหานคร ''Krung Thep Maha Nakhon'' or ''Krung Thep''. The full name is กรุงเทพมหานคร อมรรัตนโกสินทร์ มหินทรายุทธยา มหาดิลกภพ นพรัตนราชธานีบุรีรมย์ อุดมราชนิเวศน์มหาสถาน อมรพิมานอวตารสถิต สักกะทัตติยะวิษณุกรรมประสิทธิ์ ''Krung Thep Mahanakhon Amon Rattanakosin Mahinthara Yuthaya Mahadilok Phop Noppharat Ratchathani Burirom Udomratchaniwet Mahasathan Amon Phiman Awatan Sathit Sakkathattiya Witsanukam Prasit''. | footnote2 = {{note|2}}According to the Department of Provincial Administration's [http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf official register], not taking into account unregistered citizens and immigrants. }} '''Thailand''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|aɪ|l|æ|n|d}} {{respell|TY|land}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|aɪ|l|ə|n|d}} {{respell|TY|lənd}};<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thailand |title=Merriam-Webster Online |publisher=Merriam-webster.com |date=25 April 2007 |accessdate=25 April 2010}}</ref> {{lang-th|ประเทศไทย}}, {{RTGS|Prathet Thai}}), officially the '''Kingdom of Thailand''' ({{lang-th|ราชอาณาจักรไทย}}, {{RTGS|Ratcha Anachak Thai}}; {{IPA-th|râːt.tɕʰā ʔāːnāːtɕàk tʰāj|IPA|Th-pratheidthai raachaanaajakthai.ogg}}<!--See and listen here: http://www.thai-language.com/id/210678-->), is a [[country]] in [[Southeast Asia]]. Its neighbours are [[Laos]], [[Cambodia]], [[Malaysia]], and [[Myanmar]]. Its name was '''Siam''' until [[June 24|June]] [[1939]]<ref name="ThaiCSM">[https://archive.today/20120729065613/http://www.csmngt.com/thailand_history.htm Thailand (Siam) History], CSMngt-Thai.</ref> and between 1945 and [[May 11]] [[1949]]. The word Thai (ไทย) comes from the ethnic group in the center of Thailand. Thailand is a [[constitutional monarchy]]. It has a [[King]] as a [[head of state]], who is [[Vajiralongkorn]] at the moment. Most people here (95 percent) follow the [[philosophy]] called [[Buddhism]]. Smaller number of people (4.4%), mostly to the south, follow [[Islam]]. Other religions in Thailand are [[Christianity]], [[Hinduism]], and [[Sikhism]]. [[Population]]: the total [[fertility rate]] was 1.3 (in 2019).<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2264075/low-birth-rate-worries-experts. Retrieved 15 Februar 2022</ref> Geography: The highest mountain is at 2,565 m (8,415 ft), [[:en:Doi_Inthanon|Doi Inthanon]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Doi_Inthanon picture].) The prime minister is [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] (since August 2024).<ref name=PaetongtarnPM/> ==History== A Buddhist kingdom named [[Sukhothai]] was founded here in [[1238]]. A century later, a bigger kingdom named Ayuthaya appeared south of Sukhothai. Later Sukhothai became a part of Ayuthaya. Ayuthaya existed for more than 400 years before its fall by the attack of a [[Burma|Burmese]] kingdom. A soldier of [[Chinese people|Chinese]] origin then founded a new capital city at Thonburi, and became King Tāksin. The founding of [[Bangkok]] as the capital city, was the start of the [[Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)]]. It was founded by King [[Rama I]] of the Chakri Dynasty<!--The current era, Rattanakosin, started on founding by King Rama I of Chakri Dynasty-->. Before [[1932]], Thailand was an [[absolute monarchy]]. On [[June 24]], 1932, a group of people did a [[coup]] and changed Thailand to a [[constitutional monarchy]]. It was not until [[1973]] that Thai people voted for a [[Prime Minister]] in an [[election]].<!--There were [[coup]]s both before and after this year.--> In 1951, there was a failed coup - the Manhattan Rebellion.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/1290939/shifting-thai-alliances-in-the-21st-century|title=Shifting Thai alliances in the 21st century|first=Bangkok Post Public Company|last=Limited|newspaper=Bangkok Post}}</ref> On [[September 19]], [[2006]], the army did a coup d'état and took control from [[Thaksin Shinawatra]]'s government. In May 2014, a new military coup d'état removed another government. In October [[2016]], [[Vajiralongkorn|Rama X]] became the new king. Between 1932 and 2014, Thailand had 12 coup d'etats. The [[2025 Cambodian–Thai border crisis]] started in May 2025; One Cambodian soldier was killed.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3044755/cambodian-troops-agree-to-retreat-from-thai-border#google_vignette. Retrieved 2025-06-09</ref> The conflict had not ended by the last week of June.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3056862/border-closure-spares-students-but-hits-local-business-hard. Retrieved 2025-06-25</ref><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3044826/cambodian-troops-agree-to-withdraw?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2025-06-09</ref> ==Provinces== Thailand is made up of 76 [[province]]s (จังหวัด, changwat), put into 5 groups. There are 2 specially governed districts: the capital Bangkok and Pattaya. The 76 provinces including Bangkok are as follows: [[File:Thailand provinces.png|right|250 px|thumb|Thailand provinces]] [[File:Thailand map CIA.png|right|thumb|Map of Thailand]] === Central === # [[Ang Thong Province|Ang Thong]] # [[Bangkok|Bangkok (Krung Thep Maha Nakhon)]], Special Governed District of # [[Chainat Province|Chai Nat]] # [[Kanchanaburi Province|Kanchanaburi]] # [[Lopburi Province|Lopburi]] # [[Nakhon Nayok Province|Nakhon Nayok]] # [[Nakhon Pathom Province|Nakhon Pathom]] # [[Nonthaburi Province|Nonthaburi]] # [[Pathum Thani Province|Pathum Thani]] # [[Phetchaburi Province|Phetchaburi]] # [[Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya]] # [[Prachuap Khiri Khan]] # [[Ratchaburi Province|Ratchaburi]] # [[Samut Prakan]] # [[Samut Sakhon]] # [[Samut Songkhram]] # [[Saraburi]] # [[Sing Buri]] # [[Suphan Buri]] === East === # [[Chachoengsao]] # [[Chanthaburi]] # [[Chonburi]] # [[Prachinburi]] # [[Rayong]] # [[Sa Kaeo]] # [[Trat]] === North === # [[Chiang Mai Province|Chiang Mai]] # [[Chiang Rai]] # [[Kamphaeng Phet Province|Kamphaeng Phet]] # [[Lampang Province|Lampang]] # [[Lamphun]] # [[Mae Hong Son]] # [[Nakhon Sawan]] # [[Nan]] # [[Phayao]] # [[Phetchabun Province|Phetchabun]] # [[Phichit]] # [[Phitsanulok]] # [[Phrae]] # [[Sukhothai]] # [[Tak Province|Tak]] # [[Uthai Thani]] # [[Uttaradit]] [[File:Chmwphrasingh0506e.jpg|right|thumb|222px|upright|Wat Phra Sing, [[Chiang Mai Province]] ]] === Northeast (Isan) === # [[Amnat Charoen]] # [[Bueng Kan]] # [[Buriram|Buri Ram]] # [[Chaiyaphum Province|Chaiyaphum]] # [[Kalasin]] # [[Khon Kaen]] # [[Loei Province|Loei]] # [[Maha Sarakham]] # [[Mukdahan]] # [[Nakhon Phanom]] # [[Nakhon Ratchasima Province|Nakhon Ratchasima]] # [[Nong Bua Lamphu]] # [[Nong Khai]] # [[Roi Et]] # [[Sakon Nakhon]] # [[Si Sa Ket]] # [[Surin]] # [[Ubon Ratchathani]] # [[Udon Thani]] # [[Yasothon]] === South === # [[Chumphon Province|Chumphon]] # [[Krabi]] # [[Nakhon Si Thammarat]] # [[Narathiwat]] # [[Pattani]] # [[Phang Nga province|Phang Nga]] # [[Phatthalung]] # [[Phuket]] # [[Rayong|Ranong]] # [[Satun]] # [[Songkhla]] # [[Surat Thani]] # [[Trang Province|Trang]] # [[Yala]]<!--'''NOTE''': In ''italics'' [1], that province is about the '''Greater Bangkok''' sub-region; in ''italics'' [2], that province is about the '''West''' sub-region.--> ==Economy== The [[economy]] of Thailand "is based on trade and [[investment]] in the [[agriculture|agricultural]] and [[tourism]] sectors, according to media.<ref name="ForeignDirectInvestment">https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2599545/horns-of-a-dilemma. [[Bangkok Post]]. Retrieved 2023-06-26</ref> In 2022, the country with investors that invested the most in Thailand, was Japan; Chinese investors had the second place.<ref name=ForeignDirectInvestment/> Industry had a contribution to the [[GDP]], of 43.9 percent (in 2007), and 14 percent of the workforce are in that sector (of the economy). Within that sector, ''[[manufacturing]]'' was the biggest part, and it had a contribution (to the GDP), with 34.5 (in 2004). As of 2025's first quarter, media said that there is "weakness [...] in the manufacturing sector, especially [[automotive]], [[petrochemical]]s and construction materials".<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/2969963/thai-growth-outlook-remains-stable. Retrieved 2025-02-28</ref> [[Agriculture in Thailand]]: Rice is the country's most important crop; Some 60 percent of Thailand's 13 million farmers grow that, according to media (2017). Amount of crops produced: [[sugarcane]];<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3010352/thai-firms-halt-syrup-production-as-chinas-ban-drags-on. Retrieved 2025-04-24</ref> [c. 104 million tons] or 104.3 million tons was harvested in 2018 (4th largest producer in the world); Rice, [c. 32 million tons or] 32.1 million tons (6th largest producer in the world); [[Cassava]], 31.6 million tons (2nd largest producer in the world). "The Thai-US trade volume has been roughly 6.0% of GDP", but on top of that significant amounts of Chinese goods are getting labels ''Made in Thailand'', while in many cases the goods were actually Made in China, according to media.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/3026007/thai-us-trade-talks-are-likely-to-fail?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2025-05-15</ref> "The US was Thailand's largest export market" in 2024; The U.S. imported things for $55 billion.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3024546/thailand-has-sent-trade-proposal-to-united-states-pm-says. Retrieved 2025-05-13</ref> The [[GDP growth]] (year 2024), was 2.5%.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/3036940/thailand-has-lost-its-last-growth-engine. Retrieved 2025-05-29</ref> In regard to trade with Cambodia: Exports were at 1.05 trillion baht (2024); Imports were at 767 billion baht.<ref name=ScrapMetal/> In regard to things that go thru border [[checkpoint]]s on the Cambodian-Thai border: "The largest [[volume]] of [things or] items included cassava and [[scrap metal]] needed for [[industrial processing]]", according to media in 2025.<ref name=ScrapMetal>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3060454/cambodia-spat-expected-to-cost-border-trade-b60bn. Retrieved 2025-06-30</ref> In 2014, [[Credit Suisse]] reported that Thailand was the world's third most unequal country, behind Russia and India.<ref name="BBC 2017" /> The top 10% richest held 79% of the country's assets.<ref name="BBC 2017" /> The top 1% held 58% of the assets.<ref name="BBC 2017">{{Cite news |last=พงศ์พิพัฒน์ บัญชานนท์ |date=18 June 2017 |script-title=th:ยิ่งนานยิ่งถ่าง ช่องว่างทางรายได้ ปัญหาใหญ่ที่รอ คสช. แก้ |language=th |work=[[BBC]] Thailand |url=http://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-40317663 |url-status=live |access-date=25 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514163313/https://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-40317663 |archive-date=14 May 2018}}</ref> ==Government== The acting prime minister is [[Suriya Juangroongruangkit]] (as of July 2025); [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] is [[suspension|suspended]].<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3062022/paetongtarn-shinawatras-suspension-deals-new-blow-to-thailands-battered-economy. Retrieved 2025-07-02</ref> In regard to the (job or ) post as [[Ministry of Culture (Thailand)|Culture minister]]: [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] got (June 30) "royal approval of her new cabinet [where] she was given [one extra job, or] the dual role of minister for culture".<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/3061392/court-suspends-pm-paetongtarn-from-office-in-hun-sen-phone-call-case. Retrieved 2025-07-02</ref> Earlier (September 2024), new members of the [[Cabinet of Thailand]] got [[approval]] from the king .<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2859376/king-endorses-new-cabinet. Retrieved 2024-09-04</ref> The Cabinet members include *''foreign minister'' or [[minister of foreign affairs]]<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/2872893/thai-foreign-policy-needs-new-rudder?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2024-09-27</ref> *[[Ministry_of_Natural_Resources_and_Environment_(Thailand)|minister of natural resources and environment]].<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2859701/minister-faces-probe-regarding-state-land. Retrieved 2024-09-05</ref> *[[Narumon Pinyosinwat|Agriculture and Cooperatives Minister]]<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2862031/thamanat-chaperones-new-minister-on-flood-inspection. Retrieved 2024-09-09</ref> ==Armed conflict in the provinces Narathiwat, Pattani, and Yala== The [[South Thailand armed rebellion]] has its [[origin]]s from 1948;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/thailandmalay-muslims-1948-present/ |title=Thailand/Malay Muslims (1948–present) |publisher=University of Central Arkansas|access-date=30 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930013606/http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/thailandmalay-muslims-1948-present/|archive-date=30 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> It started as an ethnic and religious [[separatist]] [[armed rebellion]] in [[Patani (historical region)]]; Many [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay]] people live there; That region is made up of the three southernmost provinces of Thailand and parts of a fourth province (Songkhla); The conflict has become more complex and more violent since the early 2000s; [[Drug cartel]]s,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://library2.parliament.go.th/ebook/content-issue/2561/hi2561-002.pdf|title=ยาเสพติด : ปัญหาภัยแทรกซ้อนในจังหวัดชายแดนภาคใต้|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=5 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205150145/https://library2.parliament.go.th/ebook/content-issue/2561/hi2561-002.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.matichon.co.th/local/crime/news_1249219|title=ยิ่งจับยิ่งเยอะ รวบแก๊งค้ายาบ้าจังหวัดชายแดนใต้ พร้อมของกลางกว่า 7 แสนเม็ด|date=29 November 2018}}</ref> [[Smuggling|oil smuggling networks]],<ref name="น้ำมันเถื่อน"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/detail/597869|title=ผ่าเครือข่ายน้ำมันเถื่อนใต้ ผลประโยชน์หมื่นล้าน|website=bangkokbiznews.com/|date=8 August 2014}}</ref> and some [[Piracy|pirate]] raids have much to do with the violence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/detail/589207|title=แกะรอยเส้นทาง'เสี่ยโจ้'คนโตชายแดนใต้?|website=bangkokbiznews.com/|date=20 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.posttoday.com/social/local/332694|title=จับ8โจรสลัดปล้นเรืออินโดฯรุกน่านน้ำไทย|website=posttoday.com|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628160524/https://www.posttoday.com/social/local/332694|url-status=dead}}</ref> 57 people died (year 2023), in the conflict.<ref name="acleddata.com">{{cite web |url=https://acleddata.com/ |title=Conflict Index 2024 |website=Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) |access-date=1 March 2020 |archive-date=29 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129091359/https://acleddata.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Other information== Since 2025, using [[cannabis]] for fun, is (again) against the law.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3059036/thailands-cannabis-dreams-go-up-in-smoke. Retrieved 2025-06-29</ref><!--[[cannabis]] has again become a [[controlled substance]];--><ref name=ControlAndCriminalized>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-25 |title=Country bans recreational cannabis again in major blow to tourism |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/southeast-asia/thailand-cannabis-illegal-law-b2776598.html |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> [[Physician]]s and "Thai traditional doctors, [[Chinese medicine]] practitioners and [[pharmacist]]s [are some of those that] can [[authorization|authorise]] cannabis use", according to media.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3059036/thailands-cannabis-dreams-go-up-in-smoke. Retrieved 2025-06-29</ref><!--About the law becoming more strict about drug use. In October 2024, the government said that it will make a [[law]] or "[[regulation]] to tighten control of the production, import, export, sale and possession of [[cannabis]] and [[hemp]] [[extract]]s".--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2880868/cannabis-controls-to-be-tightened. Retrieved 2024-10-10</ref><!--Earlier (September 2024), media said that the country's [[lawmaker]]s were going to vote about a new law about use of [[cannabis]]; The [[law proposal]] says that "anyone who [... uses] cannabis or its [[extract]]s for uses not specified in the bill will face a fine of up to 60,000 baht"; Furthermore, the law proposal is also about putting limits on " marijuana uses to primarily [[health]] and [[medical]] purposes".--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2869153/thailand-unveils-new-bill-to-regulate-cannabis-while-keeping-it-legal. Retrieved 2024-09-20</ref><!--Authorities have said that from the first day of 2025, [[cannabis]] will be outlawed (again).--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2823881/cannabis-set-to-return-to-illegal-drugs-list-after-vote. [[Bangkok Post]]. Retrieved 2024-07-06</ref><!-- However, media said (July 2024) that new rules about [[criminalising]] cannabis (again), still have to [get [[approval]] from, or] "clear the [[Narcotics Control Board]];--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2834332/thailand-signals-another-u-turn-on-cannabis. Retrieved 2024-07-23</ref> [[Environmental issues]]: [[Industrial growth]] has created (much or) high levels of air pollution in Thailand. Vehicles and factories (give or) contribute to air pollution. Measurement of ''PM 2.5 pollution'' is one of the ways of measuring [[air pollution]]; In that way, the [[particulate]]s (in the atmosphere), that are smaller than 2.5 microns, get measured.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2943465/unsafe-pm2-5-levels-blanket-64-provinces. Retrieved 2025-01-20</ref> == References == === Footnotes === {{reflist|2|refs= <ref name=CIA>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html Thailand], CIA World Factbook.</ref> }} === Further reading === * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/th.html The United States CIA website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050612084026/http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/th.html |date=2005-06-12 }} == Other websites == {{sisterlinks|Thailand|voy=Thailand}} * [http://www.thaigov.go.th/ Thaigov.go.th Royal Government of Thailand] * [http://www.tourismthailand.org/ Tourism Authority of Thailand] Official tourism website * [http://www.parliament.go.th/files/mainpage.htm Thai National Assembly] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513022240/http://www.parliament.go.th/files/mainpage.htm |date=2008-05-13 }} Official Thai Parliament website * [http://www.mfa.go.th/ Mfa.go.th] Thailand Ministry of Foreign Affairs * [http://www.thaibirding.com Birdwatching in Thailand] * [http://www.learnthaiculture.com Learn Thai Culture.com] * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html CIA - The World Factbook - Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229000203/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html |date=2010-12-29 }} * [http://www.commonlanguageproject.net/?page_id=41#Thailand Thailand Country Fact Sheet] from the Common Language Project * [http://map.longdo.com/ Longdo Map Thailand] On-line Thailand map * [http://www.holiday-thai.com/ Holidays Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411000216/http://www.holiday-thai.com/ |date=2008-04-11 }} Holidays In Thailand {{Asia}} {{ASEAN}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Thailand| ]] [[Category:Current monarchies]] [[Category:Monarchies of Asia]] [[Category:1932 establishments in Asia]] hwnfxg0sdz88lygorz22ybttsh6o51j 10367896 10367881 2025-07-02T16:37:04Z BigKrow 1386969 Reverted to revision 10367725 by Hutotpn. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{redlinks|date=September 2011}} {{Infobox country | native_name = {{ubl|{{native name|th|ราชอาณาจักรไทย|italics=off}}|{{lang|th-Latn|Ratcha-anachak Thai}}|{{native name|th|ประเทศไทย|italics=off}}|{{lang|th-Latn|Prathet Thai}}}} | conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Thailand | common_name = Thailand | image_flag = Flag of Thailand.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Thailand.svg | symbol_type = Emblem | national_anthem = ''[[Thai National Anthem|Phleng Chat Thai]]''<br />({{lang-en|"Thai National Anthem"}})<div style="padding-top:0.5em;">[[File:Thai National Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg|center]]</div> ---- | royal_anthem = ''[[Sansoen Phra Barami]]''<br />({{lang-en|"Glorify His prestige"}})<div style="padding-top:0.5em;">[[File:Thai Royal Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg|center]]</div> | image_map = Location Thailand ASEAN.svg | map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=green|region=[[ASEAN]]|region_color=dark grey|legend=Location Thailand ASEAN.svg}} | capital = {{nowrap|[[Bangkok]] (Thai: ''Krung Thep'')¹}} | coordinates = {{Coord|13|45|N|100|29|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Thai language|Thai]]<!--Note: Central Thai is also the national language. --><ref name="CIA">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/thailand/ "Thailand"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610164345/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/thailand/|date=10 June 2021}}, ''The World Factbook''.</ref><!--Thai is the official language. English is a non-official secondary language.--> | languages = [[Central Thai language|Central Thai]], [[Isan language|Isan]], [[Northern Thai language|Lanna (Northern Thai)]], [[Southern Thai language|Dambro (Southern Thai)]], [[Karenic languages|Karen]], [[Kelantan-Pattani Malay|Pattani Malay]], [[Bangkok Malay]], [[Teochew dialect|Teochew]], [[Hokkien]] | languages_type = Spoken languages | languages_sub = yes | ethnic_groups = {{tree list}} *80% [[Thai people|Thai]] **37% Thai (Central Thai) **25% [[Isan people|Thai Lao (Northeastern Thai)]] **8% [[Northern Thai people|Lanna (Northern Thai)]] **8% [[Southern Thai language|Dambro (Southern Thai)]] **2% (Western Thai) * 12% [[Thai Chinese]] * 4% [[Khmer people|Khmer]] * 4% [[Thai Malays|Malays]] {{tree list/end}} | languages2_type = [[Official script]]s | languages2 = [[Thai alphabet]] | ethnic_groups = [[Thai people|Thai]] (75%)<br> {{*}}Northeastern Thai ([[Lao people|Isan]]) (34.2%)<br> {{*}}Central Thai (33.7%)<br> {{*}}Southern Thai (13.3%)<br> [[Thai Chinese|Chinese]] (14%)<br> [[Northern Khmer people|Khmer]] (4%)<br> [[Malay people|Malay]] (4%)<br> [[India people|Tamil]] (3%)<br> Other (1%) | ethnic_groups_year = 2009<ref name=CIA/><ref>{{Citation |first=Barbara A. |last=West |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania |publisher=Facts on File |year=2009 |page=794}}</ref> | demonym = Thai | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary democracy]] and [[constitutional monarchy]] | leader_title1 = Monarch | leader_name1 = [[Vajiralongkorn|Maha Vajiralongkorn]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Thailand|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] ([[suspension|suspended]])<ref name=PaetongtarnPM>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2848292/paetongtarn-shinawatra-elected-thailands-31st-prime-minister. Retrieved 2024-08-16</ref><br>[[Suriya Juangroongruangkit]] (acting) | legislature = [[National Assembly of Thailand|National Assembly]] | upper_house = [[Senate of Thailand|Senate]] | lower_house = {{nowrap|[[House of Representatives of Thailand|House of Representatives]]}} | sovereignty_type = [[History of Thailand|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Sukhothai Kingdom]] | established_date1 = 1238–1448 | established_event2 = [[Ayutthaya Kingdom]] | established_date2 = 1351–1767 | established_event3 = [[Thonburi Kingdom]] | established_date3 = 1768–1782 | established_event4 = [[Rattanakosin Kingdom]] | established_date4 = 6 April 1782 | established_event5 = {{nowrap|[[Siamese revolution of 1932|Constitutional monarchy]]}} | established_date5 = 24 June 1932 | established_event6 = [[2007 Constitution of Thailand|2007 Constitution]] | established_date6 = 24 August 2007 | area_rank = 51st | area_km2 = 513,120 | area_sq_mi = 198,115 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 0.4 (2,230 km²) | population_estimate = 66,720,153²<ref>{{cite web|url=http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf|title=|date=16 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716001724/http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf|archive-date=2011-07-16}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 20th | population_estimate_year = 2011 | population_census = 65,479,453<ref>National Statistics Office. "100th anniversary of population censuses in Thailand: Population and housing census 2010: 11th census of Thailand" (in Thai), online accessible at: [http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712002347/http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc |date=2012-07-12 }}, retrieved on 30 January 2012.</ref> | population_census_year = 2010 | population_density_km2 = 132.1 | population_density_sq_mi = 342 <!--Do remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 88th | GDP_PPP = $616.783 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=61&pr.y=20&sy=2010&ey=2015&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=578&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Report for Thailand|work=World Economic Outlook Database|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|accessdate=25 July 2011}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = 24th | GDP_PPP_year = 2011 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $9,598<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 84th | GDP_nominal = $332.47 billion<ref name=imf2/> <!--Do not edit!--> | GDP_nominal_rank = 30th | GDP_nominal_year = 2011 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $5,174<ref name=imf2/> <!--Do not edit!--> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 89th | Gini = 42.5 | Gini_rank = | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |title=Human Development Report |publisher=UNDP |year=2009 |accessdate=27 October 2011 |archive-date=16 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116234423/http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | Gini_year = 2009 | HDI = 0.682 | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNDP">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Tables.pdf|title= Human Development Report 2011 – Human development statistical annex|publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]]|pages=127–130|accessdate=2 November 2011}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 103rd | HDI_year = 2011 | currency = [[Thai baht|Baht]] (฿) | currency_code = THB | time_zone = | utc_offset = +7 | time_zone_DST = | DST_note = | utc_offset_DST = <!-- +N, where N is number of hours --> | cctld = [[.th]], [[.ไทย]] | drives_on = left | calling_code = [[+66]] | footnotes = <!--for any generic non-numbered footnotes--> | footnote1 = {{note|1}}Thai name: กรุงเทพมหานคร ''Krung Thep Maha Nakhon'' or ''Krung Thep''. The full name is กรุงเทพมหานคร อมรรัตนโกสินทร์ มหินทรายุทธยา มหาดิลกภพ นพรัตนราชธานีบุรีรมย์ อุดมราชนิเวศน์มหาสถาน อมรพิมานอวตารสถิต สักกะทัตติยะวิษณุกรรมประสิทธิ์ ''Krung Thep Mahanakhon Amon Rattanakosin Mahinthara Yuthaya Mahadilok Phop Noppharat Ratchathani Burirom Udomratchaniwet Mahasathan Amon Phiman Awatan Sathit Sakkathattiya Witsanukam Prasit''. | footnote2 = {{note|2}}According to the Department of Provincial Administration's [http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf official register], not taking into account unregistered citizens and immigrants. }} '''Thailand''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|aɪ|l|æ|n|d}} {{respell|TY|land}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|aɪ|l|ə|n|d}} {{respell|TY|lənd}};<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thailand |title=Merriam-Webster Online |publisher=Merriam-webster.com |date=25 April 2007 |accessdate=25 April 2010}}</ref> {{lang-th|ประเทศไทย}}, {{RTGS|Prathet Thai}}), officially the '''Kingdom of Thailand''' ({{lang-th|ราชอาณาจักรไทย}}, {{RTGS|Ratcha Anachak Thai}}; {{IPA-th|râːt.tɕʰā ʔāːnāːtɕàk tʰāj|IPA|Th-pratheidthai raachaanaajakthai.ogg}}<!--See and listen here: http://www.thai-language.com/id/210678-->), is a [[country]] in [[Southeast Asia]]. Its neighbours are [[Laos]], [[Cambodia]], [[Malaysia]], and [[Myanmar]]. Its name was '''Siam''' until [[June 24|June]] [[1939]]<ref name="ThaiCSM">[https://archive.today/20120729065613/http://www.csmngt.com/thailand_history.htm Thailand (Siam) History], CSMngt-Thai.</ref> and between 1945 and [[May 11]] [[1949]]. The word Thai (ไทย) comes from the ethnic group in the center of Thailand. Thailand is a [[constitutional monarchy]]. It has a [[King]] as a [[head of state]], who is [[Vajiralongkorn]] at the moment. Most people here (95 percent) follow the [[philosophy]] called [[Buddhism]]. Smaller number of people (4.4%), mostly to the south, follow [[Islam]]. Other religions in Thailand are [[Christianity]], [[Hinduism]], and [[Sikhism]]. [[Population]]: the total [[fertility rate]] was 1.3 (in 2019).<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2264075/low-birth-rate-worries-experts. Retrieved 15 Februar 2022</ref> Geography: The highest mountain is at 2,565 m (8,415 ft), [[:en:Doi_Inthanon|Doi Inthanon]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Doi_Inthanon picture].) The prime minister is [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] (since August 2024).<ref name=PaetongtarnPM/> ==History== A Buddhist kingdom named [[Sukhothai]] was founded here in [[1238]]. A century later, a bigger kingdom named Ayuthaya appeared south of Sukhothai. Later Sukhothai became a part of Ayuthaya. Ayuthaya existed for more than 400 years before its fall by the attack of a [[Burma|Burmese]] kingdom. A soldier of [[Chinese people|Chinese]] origin then founded a new capital city at Thonburi, and became King Tāksin. The founding of [[Bangkok]] as the capital city, was the start of the [[Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)]]. It was founded by King [[Rama I]] of the Chakri Dynasty<!--The current era, Rattanakosin, started on founding by King Rama I of Chakri Dynasty-->. Before [[1932]], Thailand was an [[absolute monarchy]]. On [[June 24]], 1932, a group of people did a [[coup]] and changed Thailand to a [[constitutional monarchy]]. It was not until [[1973]] that Thai people voted for a [[Prime Minister]] in an [[election]].<!--There were [[coup]]s both before and after this year.--> In 1951, there was a failed coup - the Manhattan Rebellion.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/1290939/shifting-thai-alliances-in-the-21st-century|title=Shifting Thai alliances in the 21st century|first=Bangkok Post Public Company|last=Limited|newspaper=Bangkok Post}}</ref> On [[September 19]], [[2006]], the army did a coup d'état and took control from [[Thaksin Shinawatra]]'s government. In May 2014, a new military coup d'état removed another government. In October [[2016]], [[Vajiralongkorn|Rama X]] became the new king. Between 1932 and 2014, Thailand had 12 coup d'etats. The [[2025 Cambodian–Thai border crisis]] started in May 2025; One Cambodian soldier was killed.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3044755/cambodian-troops-agree-to-retreat-from-thai-border#google_vignette. Retrieved 2025-06-09</ref> The conflict had not ended by the last week of June.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3056862/border-closure-spares-students-but-hits-local-business-hard. Retrieved 2025-06-25</ref><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3044826/cambodian-troops-agree-to-withdraw?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2025-06-09</ref> ==Provinces== Thailand is made up of 76 [[province]]s (จังหวัด, changwat), put into 5 groups. There are 2 specially governed districts: the capital Bangkok and Pattaya. The 76 provinces including Bangkok are as follows: [[File:Thailand provinces.png|right|250 px|thumb|Thailand provinces]] [[File:Thailand map CIA.png|right|thumb|Map of Thailand]] === Central === # [[Ang Thong Province|Ang Thong]] # [[Bangkok|Bangkok (Krung Thep Maha Nakhon)]], Special Governed District of # [[Chainat Province|Chai Nat]] # [[Kanchanaburi Province|Kanchanaburi]] # [[Lopburi Province|Lopburi]] # [[Nakhon Nayok Province|Nakhon Nayok]] # [[Nakhon Pathom Province|Nakhon Pathom]] # [[Nonthaburi Province|Nonthaburi]] # [[Pathum Thani Province|Pathum Thani]] # [[Phetchaburi Province|Phetchaburi]] # [[Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya]] # [[Prachuap Khiri Khan]] # [[Ratchaburi Province|Ratchaburi]] # [[Samut Prakan]] # [[Samut Sakhon]] # [[Samut Songkhram]] # [[Saraburi]] # [[Sing Buri]] # [[Suphan Buri]] === East === # [[Chachoengsao]] # [[Chanthaburi]] # [[Chonburi]] # [[Prachinburi]] # [[Rayong]] # [[Sa Kaeo]] # [[Trat]] === North === # [[Chiang Mai Province|Chiang Mai]] # [[Chiang Rai]] # [[Kamphaeng Phet Province|Kamphaeng Phet]] # [[Lampang Province|Lampang]] # [[Lamphun]] # [[Mae Hong Son]] # [[Nakhon Sawan]] # [[Nan]] # [[Phayao]] # [[Phetchabun Province|Phetchabun]] # [[Phichit]] # [[Phitsanulok]] # [[Phrae]] # [[Sukhothai]] # [[Tak Province|Tak]] # [[Uthai Thani]] # [[Uttaradit]] [[File:Chmwphrasingh0506e.jpg|right|thumb|222px|upright|Wat Phra Sing, [[Chiang Mai Province]] ]] === Northeast (Isan) === # [[Amnat Charoen]] # [[Bueng Kan]] # [[Buriram|Buri Ram]] # [[Chaiyaphum Province|Chaiyaphum]] # [[Kalasin]] # [[Khon Kaen]] # [[Loei Province|Loei]] # [[Maha Sarakham]] # [[Mukdahan]] # [[Nakhon Phanom]] # [[Nakhon Ratchasima Province|Nakhon Ratchasima]] # [[Nong Bua Lamphu]] # [[Nong Khai]] # [[Roi Et]] # [[Sakon Nakhon]] # [[Si Sa Ket]] # [[Surin]] # [[Ubon Ratchathani]] # [[Udon Thani]] # [[Yasothon]] === South === # [[Chumphon Province|Chumphon]] # [[Krabi]] # [[Nakhon Si Thammarat]] # [[Narathiwat]] # [[Pattani]] # [[Phang Nga province|Phang Nga]] # [[Phatthalung]] # [[Phuket]] # [[Rayong|Ranong]] # [[Satun]] # [[Songkhla]] # [[Surat Thani]] # [[Trang Province|Trang]] # [[Yala]]<!--'''NOTE''': In ''italics'' [1], that province is about the '''Greater Bangkok''' sub-region; in ''italics'' [2], that province is about the '''West''' sub-region.--> ==Economy== The [[economy]] of Thailand "is based on trade and [[investment]] in the [[agriculture|agricultural]] and [[tourism]] sectors, according to media.<ref name="ForeignDirectInvestment">https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2599545/horns-of-a-dilemma. [[Bangkok Post]]. Retrieved 2023-06-26</ref> In 2022, the country with investors that invested the most in Thailand, was Japan; Chinese investors had the second place.<ref name=ForeignDirectInvestment/> Industry had a contribution to the [[GDP]], of 43.9 percent (in 2007), and 14 percent of the workforce are in that sector (of the economy). Within that sector, ''[[manufacturing]]'' was the biggest part, and it had a contribution (to the GDP), with 34.5 (in 2004). As of 2025's first quarter, media said that there is "weakness [...] in the manufacturing sector, especially [[automotive]], [[petrochemical]]s and construction materials".<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/2969963/thai-growth-outlook-remains-stable. Retrieved 2025-02-28</ref> [[Agriculture in Thailand]]: Rice is the country's most important crop; Some 60 percent of Thailand's 13 million farmers grow that, according to media (2017). Amount of crops produced: [[sugarcane]];<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3010352/thai-firms-halt-syrup-production-as-chinas-ban-drags-on. Retrieved 2025-04-24</ref> [c. 104 million tons] or 104.3 million tons was harvested in 2018 (4th largest producer in the world); Rice, [c. 32 million tons or] 32.1 million tons (6th largest producer in the world); [[Cassava]], 31.6 million tons (2nd largest producer in the world). "The Thai-US trade volume has been roughly 6.0% of GDP", but on top of that significant amounts of Chinese goods are getting labels ''Made in Thailand'', while in many cases the goods were actually Made in China, according to media.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/3026007/thai-us-trade-talks-are-likely-to-fail?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2025-05-15</ref> "The US was Thailand's largest export market" in 2024; The U.S. imported things for $55 billion.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3024546/thailand-has-sent-trade-proposal-to-united-states-pm-says. Retrieved 2025-05-13</ref> The [[GDP growth]] (year 2024), was 2.5%.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/3036940/thailand-has-lost-its-last-growth-engine. Retrieved 2025-05-29</ref> In regard to trade with Cambodia: Exports were at 1.05 trillion baht (2024); Imports were at 767 billion baht.<ref name=ScrapMetal/> In regard to things that go thru border [[checkpoint]]s on the Cambodian-Thai border: "The largest [[volume]] of [things or] items included cassava and [[scrap metal]] needed for [[industrial processing]]", according to media in 2025.<ref name=ScrapMetal>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3060454/cambodia-spat-expected-to-cost-border-trade-b60bn. Retrieved 2025-06-30</ref> In 2014, [[Credit Suisse]] reported that Thailand was the world's third most unequal country, behind Russia and India.<ref name="BBC 2017" /> The top 10% richest held 79% of the country's assets.<ref name="BBC 2017" /> The top 1% held 58% of the assets.<ref name="BBC 2017">{{Cite news |last=พงศ์พิพัฒน์ บัญชานนท์ |date=18 June 2017 |script-title=th:ยิ่งนานยิ่งถ่าง ช่องว่างทางรายได้ ปัญหาใหญ่ที่รอ คสช. แก้ |language=th |work=[[BBC]] Thailand |url=http://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-40317663 |url-status=live |access-date=25 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514163313/https://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-40317663 |archive-date=14 May 2018}}</ref> ==Government== The acting prime minister is [[Suriya Juangroongruangkit]] (as of July 2025); [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] is [[suspension|suspended]].<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3062022/paetongtarn-shinawatras-suspension-deals-new-blow-to-thailands-battered-economy. Retrieved 2025-07-02</ref> Earlier (September 2024), new members of the [[Cabinet of Thailand]] got [[approval]] from the king .<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2859376/king-endorses-new-cabinet. Retrieved 2024-09-04</ref> The Cabinet members include *''foreign minister'' or [[minister of foreign affairs]]<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/2872893/thai-foreign-policy-needs-new-rudder?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2024-09-27</ref> *[[Ministry_of_Natural_Resources_and_Environment_(Thailand)|minister of natural resources and environment]].<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2859701/minister-faces-probe-regarding-state-land. Retrieved 2024-09-05</ref> *[[Narumon Pinyosinwat|Agriculture and Cooperatives Minister]]<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2862031/thamanat-chaperones-new-minister-on-flood-inspection. Retrieved 2024-09-09</ref> ==Armed conflict in the provinces Narathiwat, Pattani, and Yala== The [[South Thailand armed rebellion]] has its [[origin]]s from 1948;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/thailandmalay-muslims-1948-present/ |title=Thailand/Malay Muslims (1948–present) |publisher=University of Central Arkansas|access-date=30 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930013606/http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/thailandmalay-muslims-1948-present/|archive-date=30 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> It started as an ethnic and religious [[separatist]] [[armed rebellion]] in [[Patani (historical region)]]; Many [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay]] people live there; That region is made up of the three southernmost provinces of Thailand and parts of a fourth province (Songkhla); The conflict has become more complex and more violent since the early 2000s; [[Drug cartel]]s,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://library2.parliament.go.th/ebook/content-issue/2561/hi2561-002.pdf|title=ยาเสพติด : ปัญหาภัยแทรกซ้อนในจังหวัดชายแดนภาคใต้|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=5 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205150145/https://library2.parliament.go.th/ebook/content-issue/2561/hi2561-002.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.matichon.co.th/local/crime/news_1249219|title=ยิ่งจับยิ่งเยอะ รวบแก๊งค้ายาบ้าจังหวัดชายแดนใต้ พร้อมของกลางกว่า 7 แสนเม็ด|date=29 November 2018}}</ref> [[Smuggling|oil smuggling networks]],<ref name="น้ำมันเถื่อน"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/detail/597869|title=ผ่าเครือข่ายน้ำมันเถื่อนใต้ ผลประโยชน์หมื่นล้าน|website=bangkokbiznews.com/|date=8 August 2014}}</ref> and some [[Piracy|pirate]] raids have much to do with the violence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/detail/589207|title=แกะรอยเส้นทาง'เสี่ยโจ้'คนโตชายแดนใต้?|website=bangkokbiznews.com/|date=20 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.posttoday.com/social/local/332694|title=จับ8โจรสลัดปล้นเรืออินโดฯรุกน่านน้ำไทย|website=posttoday.com|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628160524/https://www.posttoday.com/social/local/332694|url-status=dead}}</ref> 57 people died (year 2023), in the conflict.<ref name="acleddata.com">{{cite web |url=https://acleddata.com/ |title=Conflict Index 2024 |website=Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) |access-date=1 March 2020 |archive-date=29 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129091359/https://acleddata.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Other information== Since 2025, using [[cannabis]] for fun, is (again) against the law.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3059036/thailands-cannabis-dreams-go-up-in-smoke. Retrieved 2025-06-29</ref><!--[[cannabis]] has again become a [[controlled substance]];--><ref name=ControlAndCriminalized>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-25 |title=Country bans recreational cannabis again in major blow to tourism |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/southeast-asia/thailand-cannabis-illegal-law-b2776598.html |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> [[Physician]]s and "Thai traditional doctors, [[Chinese medicine]] practitioners and [[pharmacist]]s [are some of those that] can [[authorization|authorise]] cannabis use", according to media.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3059036/thailands-cannabis-dreams-go-up-in-smoke. Retrieved 2025-06-29</ref><!--About the law becoming more strict about drug use. In October 2024, the government said that it will make a [[law]] or "[[regulation]] to tighten control of the production, import, export, sale and possession of [[cannabis]] and [[hemp]] [[extract]]s".--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2880868/cannabis-controls-to-be-tightened. Retrieved 2024-10-10</ref><!--Earlier (September 2024), media said that the country's [[lawmaker]]s were going to vote about a new law about use of [[cannabis]]; The [[law proposal]] says that "anyone who [... uses] cannabis or its [[extract]]s for uses not specified in the bill will face a fine of up to 60,000 baht"; Furthermore, the law proposal is also about putting limits on " marijuana uses to primarily [[health]] and [[medical]] purposes".--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2869153/thailand-unveils-new-bill-to-regulate-cannabis-while-keeping-it-legal. Retrieved 2024-09-20</ref><!--Authorities have said that from the first day of 2025, [[cannabis]] will be outlawed (again).--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2823881/cannabis-set-to-return-to-illegal-drugs-list-after-vote. [[Bangkok Post]]. Retrieved 2024-07-06</ref><!-- However, media said (July 2024) that new rules about [[criminalising]] cannabis (again), still have to [get [[approval]] from, or] "clear the [[Narcotics Control Board]];--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2834332/thailand-signals-another-u-turn-on-cannabis. Retrieved 2024-07-23</ref> [[Environmental issues]]: [[Industrial growth]] has created (much or) high levels of air pollution in Thailand. Vehicles and factories (give or) contribute to air pollution. Measurement of ''PM 2.5 pollution'' is one of the ways of measuring [[air pollution]]; In that way, the [[particulate]]s (in the atmosphere), that are smaller than 2.5 microns, get measured.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2943465/unsafe-pm2-5-levels-blanket-64-provinces. Retrieved 2025-01-20</ref> == References == === Footnotes === {{reflist|2|refs= <ref name=CIA>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html Thailand], CIA World Factbook.</ref> }} === Further reading === * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/th.html The United States CIA website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050612084026/http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/th.html |date=2005-06-12 }} == Other websites == {{sisterlinks|Thailand|voy=Thailand}} * [http://www.thaigov.go.th/ Thaigov.go.th Royal Government of Thailand] * [http://www.tourismthailand.org/ Tourism Authority of Thailand] Official tourism website * [http://www.parliament.go.th/files/mainpage.htm Thai National Assembly] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513022240/http://www.parliament.go.th/files/mainpage.htm |date=2008-05-13 }} Official Thai Parliament website * [http://www.mfa.go.th/ Mfa.go.th] Thailand Ministry of Foreign Affairs * [http://www.thaibirding.com Birdwatching in Thailand] * [http://www.learnthaiculture.com Learn Thai Culture.com] * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html CIA - The World Factbook - Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229000203/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html |date=2010-12-29 }} * [http://www.commonlanguageproject.net/?page_id=41#Thailand Thailand Country Fact Sheet] from the Common Language Project * [http://map.longdo.com/ Longdo Map Thailand] On-line Thailand map * [http://www.holiday-thai.com/ Holidays Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411000216/http://www.holiday-thai.com/ |date=2008-04-11 }} Holidays In Thailand {{Asia}} {{ASEAN}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Thailand| ]] [[Category:Current monarchies]] [[Category:Monarchies of Asia]] [[Category:1932 establishments in Asia]] ogri50y2ja2ea11q3eqgv07gv3fhnh4 10367929 10367896 2025-07-02T17:03:52Z 2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA /* Economy */ 10367929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{redlinks|date=September 2011}} {{Infobox country | native_name = {{ubl|{{native name|th|ราชอาณาจักรไทย|italics=off}}|{{lang|th-Latn|Ratcha-anachak Thai}}|{{native name|th|ประเทศไทย|italics=off}}|{{lang|th-Latn|Prathet Thai}}}} | conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Thailand | common_name = Thailand | image_flag = Flag of Thailand.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Thailand.svg | symbol_type = Emblem | national_anthem = ''[[Thai National Anthem|Phleng Chat Thai]]''<br />({{lang-en|"Thai National Anthem"}})<div style="padding-top:0.5em;">[[File:Thai National Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg|center]]</div> ---- | royal_anthem = ''[[Sansoen Phra Barami]]''<br />({{lang-en|"Glorify His prestige"}})<div style="padding-top:0.5em;">[[File:Thai Royal Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg|center]]</div> | image_map = Location Thailand ASEAN.svg | map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=green|region=[[ASEAN]]|region_color=dark grey|legend=Location Thailand ASEAN.svg}} | capital = {{nowrap|[[Bangkok]] (Thai: ''Krung Thep'')¹}} | coordinates = {{Coord|13|45|N|100|29|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Thai language|Thai]]<!--Note: Central Thai is also the national language. --><ref name="CIA">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/thailand/ "Thailand"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610164345/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/thailand/|date=10 June 2021}}, ''The World Factbook''.</ref><!--Thai is the official language. English is a non-official secondary language.--> | languages = [[Central Thai language|Central Thai]], [[Isan language|Isan]], [[Northern Thai language|Lanna (Northern Thai)]], [[Southern Thai language|Dambro (Southern Thai)]], [[Karenic languages|Karen]], [[Kelantan-Pattani Malay|Pattani Malay]], [[Bangkok Malay]], [[Teochew dialect|Teochew]], [[Hokkien]] | languages_type = Spoken languages | languages_sub = yes | ethnic_groups = {{tree list}} *80% [[Thai people|Thai]] **37% Thai (Central Thai) **25% [[Isan people|Thai Lao (Northeastern Thai)]] **8% [[Northern Thai people|Lanna (Northern Thai)]] **8% [[Southern Thai language|Dambro (Southern Thai)]] **2% (Western Thai) * 12% [[Thai Chinese]] * 4% [[Khmer people|Khmer]] * 4% [[Thai Malays|Malays]] {{tree list/end}} | languages2_type = [[Official script]]s | languages2 = [[Thai alphabet]] | ethnic_groups = [[Thai people|Thai]] (75%)<br> {{*}}Northeastern Thai ([[Lao people|Isan]]) (34.2%)<br> {{*}}Central Thai (33.7%)<br> {{*}}Southern Thai (13.3%)<br> [[Thai Chinese|Chinese]] (14%)<br> [[Northern Khmer people|Khmer]] (4%)<br> [[Malay people|Malay]] (4%)<br> [[India people|Tamil]] (3%)<br> Other (1%) | ethnic_groups_year = 2009<ref name=CIA/><ref>{{Citation |first=Barbara A. |last=West |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania |publisher=Facts on File |year=2009 |page=794}}</ref> | demonym = Thai | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary democracy]] and [[constitutional monarchy]] | leader_title1 = Monarch | leader_name1 = [[Vajiralongkorn|Maha Vajiralongkorn]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Thailand|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] ([[suspension|suspended]])<ref name=PaetongtarnPM>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2848292/paetongtarn-shinawatra-elected-thailands-31st-prime-minister. Retrieved 2024-08-16</ref><br>[[Suriya Juangroongruangkit]] (acting) | legislature = [[National Assembly of Thailand|National Assembly]] | upper_house = [[Senate of Thailand|Senate]] | lower_house = {{nowrap|[[House of Representatives of Thailand|House of Representatives]]}} | sovereignty_type = [[History of Thailand|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Sukhothai Kingdom]] | established_date1 = 1238–1448 | established_event2 = [[Ayutthaya Kingdom]] | established_date2 = 1351–1767 | established_event3 = [[Thonburi Kingdom]] | established_date3 = 1768–1782 | established_event4 = [[Rattanakosin Kingdom]] | established_date4 = 6 April 1782 | established_event5 = {{nowrap|[[Siamese revolution of 1932|Constitutional monarchy]]}} | established_date5 = 24 June 1932 | established_event6 = [[2007 Constitution of Thailand|2007 Constitution]] | established_date6 = 24 August 2007 | area_rank = 51st | area_km2 = 513,120 | area_sq_mi = 198,115 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 0.4 (2,230 km²) | population_estimate = 66,720,153²<ref>{{cite web|url=http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf|title=|date=16 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716001724/http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf|archive-date=2011-07-16}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 20th | population_estimate_year = 2011 | population_census = 65,479,453<ref>National Statistics Office. "100th anniversary of population censuses in Thailand: Population and housing census 2010: 11th census of Thailand" (in Thai), online accessible at: [http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712002347/http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc |date=2012-07-12 }}, retrieved on 30 January 2012.</ref> | population_census_year = 2010 | population_density_km2 = 132.1 | population_density_sq_mi = 342 <!--Do remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 88th | GDP_PPP = $616.783 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=61&pr.y=20&sy=2010&ey=2015&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=578&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Report for Thailand|work=World Economic Outlook Database|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|accessdate=25 July 2011}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = 24th | GDP_PPP_year = 2011 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $9,598<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 84th | GDP_nominal = $332.47 billion<ref name=imf2/> <!--Do not edit!--> | GDP_nominal_rank = 30th | GDP_nominal_year = 2011 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $5,174<ref name=imf2/> <!--Do not edit!--> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 89th | Gini = 42.5 | Gini_rank = | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |title=Human Development Report |publisher=UNDP |year=2009 |accessdate=27 October 2011 |archive-date=16 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116234423/http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | Gini_year = 2009 | HDI = 0.682 | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNDP">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Tables.pdf|title= Human Development Report 2011 – Human development statistical annex|publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]]|pages=127–130|accessdate=2 November 2011}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 103rd | HDI_year = 2011 | currency = [[Thai baht|Baht]] (฿) | currency_code = THB | time_zone = | utc_offset = +7 | time_zone_DST = | DST_note = | utc_offset_DST = <!-- +N, where N is number of hours --> | cctld = [[.th]], [[.ไทย]] | drives_on = left | calling_code = [[+66]] | footnotes = <!--for any generic non-numbered footnotes--> | footnote1 = {{note|1}}Thai name: กรุงเทพมหานคร ''Krung Thep Maha Nakhon'' or ''Krung Thep''. The full name is กรุงเทพมหานคร อมรรัตนโกสินทร์ มหินทรายุทธยา มหาดิลกภพ นพรัตนราชธานีบุรีรมย์ อุดมราชนิเวศน์มหาสถาน อมรพิมานอวตารสถิต สักกะทัตติยะวิษณุกรรมประสิทธิ์ ''Krung Thep Mahanakhon Amon Rattanakosin Mahinthara Yuthaya Mahadilok Phop Noppharat Ratchathani Burirom Udomratchaniwet Mahasathan Amon Phiman Awatan Sathit Sakkathattiya Witsanukam Prasit''. | footnote2 = {{note|2}}According to the Department of Provincial Administration's [http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf official register], not taking into account unregistered citizens and immigrants. }} '''Thailand''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|aɪ|l|æ|n|d}} {{respell|TY|land}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|aɪ|l|ə|n|d}} {{respell|TY|lənd}};<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thailand |title=Merriam-Webster Online |publisher=Merriam-webster.com |date=25 April 2007 |accessdate=25 April 2010}}</ref> {{lang-th|ประเทศไทย}}, {{RTGS|Prathet Thai}}), officially the '''Kingdom of Thailand''' ({{lang-th|ราชอาณาจักรไทย}}, {{RTGS|Ratcha Anachak Thai}}; {{IPA-th|râːt.tɕʰā ʔāːnāːtɕàk tʰāj|IPA|Th-pratheidthai raachaanaajakthai.ogg}}<!--See and listen here: http://www.thai-language.com/id/210678-->), is a [[country]] in [[Southeast Asia]]. Its neighbours are [[Laos]], [[Cambodia]], [[Malaysia]], and [[Myanmar]]. Its name was '''Siam''' until [[June 24|June]] [[1939]]<ref name="ThaiCSM">[https://archive.today/20120729065613/http://www.csmngt.com/thailand_history.htm Thailand (Siam) History], CSMngt-Thai.</ref> and between 1945 and [[May 11]] [[1949]]. The word Thai (ไทย) comes from the ethnic group in the center of Thailand. Thailand is a [[constitutional monarchy]]. It has a [[King]] as a [[head of state]], who is [[Vajiralongkorn]] at the moment. Most people here (95 percent) follow the [[philosophy]] called [[Buddhism]]. Smaller number of people (4.4%), mostly to the south, follow [[Islam]]. Other religions in Thailand are [[Christianity]], [[Hinduism]], and [[Sikhism]]. [[Population]]: the total [[fertility rate]] was 1.3 (in 2019).<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2264075/low-birth-rate-worries-experts. Retrieved 15 Februar 2022</ref> Geography: The highest mountain is at 2,565 m (8,415 ft), [[:en:Doi_Inthanon|Doi Inthanon]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Doi_Inthanon picture].) The prime minister is [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] (since August 2024).<ref name=PaetongtarnPM/> ==History== A Buddhist kingdom named [[Sukhothai]] was founded here in [[1238]]. A century later, a bigger kingdom named Ayuthaya appeared south of Sukhothai. Later Sukhothai became a part of Ayuthaya. Ayuthaya existed for more than 400 years before its fall by the attack of a [[Burma|Burmese]] kingdom. A soldier of [[Chinese people|Chinese]] origin then founded a new capital city at Thonburi, and became King Tāksin. The founding of [[Bangkok]] as the capital city, was the start of the [[Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)]]. It was founded by King [[Rama I]] of the Chakri Dynasty<!--The current era, Rattanakosin, started on founding by King Rama I of Chakri Dynasty-->. Before [[1932]], Thailand was an [[absolute monarchy]]. On [[June 24]], 1932, a group of people did a [[coup]] and changed Thailand to a [[constitutional monarchy]]. It was not until [[1973]] that Thai people voted for a [[Prime Minister]] in an [[election]].<!--There were [[coup]]s both before and after this year.--> In 1951, there was a failed coup - the Manhattan Rebellion.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/1290939/shifting-thai-alliances-in-the-21st-century|title=Shifting Thai alliances in the 21st century|first=Bangkok Post Public Company|last=Limited|newspaper=Bangkok Post}}</ref> On [[September 19]], [[2006]], the army did a coup d'état and took control from [[Thaksin Shinawatra]]'s government. In May 2014, a new military coup d'état removed another government. In October [[2016]], [[Vajiralongkorn|Rama X]] became the new king. Between 1932 and 2014, Thailand had 12 coup d'etats. The [[2025 Cambodian–Thai border crisis]] started in May 2025; One Cambodian soldier was killed.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3044755/cambodian-troops-agree-to-retreat-from-thai-border#google_vignette. Retrieved 2025-06-09</ref> The conflict had not ended by the last week of June.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3056862/border-closure-spares-students-but-hits-local-business-hard. Retrieved 2025-06-25</ref><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3044826/cambodian-troops-agree-to-withdraw?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2025-06-09</ref> ==Provinces== Thailand is made up of 76 [[province]]s (จังหวัด, changwat), put into 5 groups. There are 2 specially governed districts: the capital Bangkok and Pattaya. The 76 provinces including Bangkok are as follows: [[File:Thailand provinces.png|right|250 px|thumb|Thailand provinces]] [[File:Thailand map CIA.png|right|thumb|Map of Thailand]] === Central === # [[Ang Thong Province|Ang Thong]] # [[Bangkok|Bangkok (Krung Thep Maha Nakhon)]], Special Governed District of # [[Chainat Province|Chai Nat]] # [[Kanchanaburi Province|Kanchanaburi]] # [[Lopburi Province|Lopburi]] # [[Nakhon Nayok Province|Nakhon Nayok]] # [[Nakhon Pathom Province|Nakhon Pathom]] # [[Nonthaburi Province|Nonthaburi]] # [[Pathum Thani Province|Pathum Thani]] # [[Phetchaburi Province|Phetchaburi]] # [[Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya]] # [[Prachuap Khiri Khan]] # [[Ratchaburi Province|Ratchaburi]] # [[Samut Prakan]] # [[Samut Sakhon]] # [[Samut Songkhram]] # [[Saraburi]] # [[Sing Buri]] # [[Suphan Buri]] === East === # [[Chachoengsao]] # [[Chanthaburi]] # [[Chonburi]] # [[Prachinburi]] # [[Rayong]] # [[Sa Kaeo]] # [[Trat]] === North === # [[Chiang Mai Province|Chiang Mai]] # [[Chiang Rai]] # [[Kamphaeng Phet Province|Kamphaeng Phet]] # [[Lampang Province|Lampang]] # [[Lamphun]] # [[Mae Hong Son]] # [[Nakhon Sawan]] # [[Nan]] # [[Phayao]] # [[Phetchabun Province|Phetchabun]] # [[Phichit]] # [[Phitsanulok]] # [[Phrae]] # [[Sukhothai]] # [[Tak Province|Tak]] # [[Uthai Thani]] # [[Uttaradit]] [[File:Chmwphrasingh0506e.jpg|right|thumb|222px|upright|Wat Phra Sing, [[Chiang Mai Province]] ]] === Northeast (Isan) === # [[Amnat Charoen]] # [[Bueng Kan]] # [[Buriram|Buri Ram]] # [[Chaiyaphum Province|Chaiyaphum]] # [[Kalasin]] # [[Khon Kaen]] # [[Loei Province|Loei]] # [[Maha Sarakham]] # [[Mukdahan]] # [[Nakhon Phanom]] # [[Nakhon Ratchasima Province|Nakhon Ratchasima]] # [[Nong Bua Lamphu]] # [[Nong Khai]] # [[Roi Et]] # [[Sakon Nakhon]] # [[Si Sa Ket]] # [[Surin]] # [[Ubon Ratchathani]] # [[Udon Thani]] # [[Yasothon]] === South === # [[Chumphon Province|Chumphon]] # [[Krabi]] # [[Nakhon Si Thammarat]] # [[Narathiwat]] # [[Pattani]] # [[Phang Nga province|Phang Nga]] # [[Phatthalung]] # [[Phuket]] # [[Rayong|Ranong]] # [[Satun]] # [[Songkhla]] # [[Surat Thani]] # [[Trang Province|Trang]] # [[Yala]]<!--'''NOTE''': In ''italics'' [1], that province is about the '''Greater Bangkok''' sub-region; in ''italics'' [2], that province is about the '''West''' sub-region.--> ==Economy== The [[economy]] of Thailand "is based on trade and [[investment]] in the [[agriculture|agricultural]] and [[tourism]] sectors, according to media.<ref name="ForeignDirectInvestment">https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2599545/horns-of-a-dilemma. [[Bangkok Post]]. Retrieved 2023-06-26</ref> In 2022, the country with investors that invested the most in Thailand, was Japan; Chinese investors had the second place.<ref name=ForeignDirectInvestment/> Industry had a contribution to the [[GDP]], of 43.9 percent (in 2007), and 14 percent of the workforce are in that sector (of the economy). Within that sector, ''[[manufacturing]]'' was the biggest part, and it had a contribution (to the GDP), with 34.5 (in 2004). As of 2025's first quarter, media said that there is "weakness [...] in the manufacturing sector, especially [[automotive]], [[petrochemical]]s and construction materials".<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/2969963/thai-growth-outlook-remains-stable. Retrieved 2025-02-28</ref> [[Agriculture in Thailand]]: Rice is the country's most important crop; Some 60 percent of Thailand's 13 million farmers grow that, according to media (2017). Amount of crops produced: [[sugarcane]];<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3010352/thai-firms-halt-syrup-production-as-chinas-ban-drags-on. Retrieved 2025-04-24</ref> [c. 104 million tons] or 104.3 million tons was harvested in 2018 (4th largest producer in the world); Rice, [c. 32 million tons or] 32.1 million tons (6th largest producer in the world); [[Cassava]], 31.6 million tons (2nd largest producer in the world). "The Thai-US trade volume has been roughly 6.0% of GDP", but on top of that significant amounts of Chinese goods are getting labels ''Made in Thailand'', while in many cases the goods were actually Made in China, according to media.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/3026007/thai-us-trade-talks-are-likely-to-fail?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2025-05-15</ref> "The US was Thailand's largest export market" in 2024; The U.S. imported things for $55 billion.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3024546/thailand-has-sent-trade-proposal-to-united-states-pm-says. Retrieved 2025-05-13</ref> The [[GDP growth]] (year 2024), was 2.5%.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/3036940/thailand-has-lost-its-last-growth-engine. Retrieved 2025-05-29</ref> In regard to trade with Cambodia: Exports were at 1.05 trillion baht (2024); Imports were at 767 billion baht.<ref name=ScrapMetal/> In regard to things that go thru border [[checkpoint]]s on the Cambodian-Thai border: "The largest [[volume]] of [things or] items included cassava and [[scrap metal]] needed for [[industrial processing]]", according to media in 2025.<ref name=ScrapMetal>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3060454/cambodia-spat-expected-to-cost-border-trade-b60bn. Retrieved 2025-06-30</ref> In regard to the political "struggle [as of July 2025] to find a new prime minister, and a political deadlock ... could [put in danger, or] jeopardise the country’s already [weak economy or] [[fragility|fragile] economic situation", according to media.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3062022/paetongtarn-shinawatras-suspension-deals-new-blow-to-thailands-battered-economy. Retrieved 2025-07-02</ref> In 2014, [[Credit Suisse]] reported that Thailand was the world's third most unequal country, behind Russia and India.<ref name="BBC 2017" /> The top 10% richest held 79% of the country's assets.<ref name="BBC 2017" /> The top 1% held 58% of the assets.<ref name="BBC 2017">{{Cite news |last=พงศ์พิพัฒน์ บัญชานนท์ |date=18 June 2017 |script-title=th:ยิ่งนานยิ่งถ่าง ช่องว่างทางรายได้ ปัญหาใหญ่ที่รอ คสช. แก้ |language=th |work=[[BBC]] Thailand |url=http://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-40317663 |url-status=live |access-date=25 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514163313/https://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-40317663 |archive-date=14 May 2018}}</ref> ==Government== The acting prime minister is [[Suriya Juangroongruangkit]] (as of July 2025); [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] is [[suspension|suspended]].<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3062022/paetongtarn-shinawatras-suspension-deals-new-blow-to-thailands-battered-economy. Retrieved 2025-07-02</ref> Earlier (September 2024), new members of the [[Cabinet of Thailand]] got [[approval]] from the king .<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2859376/king-endorses-new-cabinet. Retrieved 2024-09-04</ref> The Cabinet members include *''foreign minister'' or [[minister of foreign affairs]]<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/2872893/thai-foreign-policy-needs-new-rudder?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2024-09-27</ref> *[[Ministry_of_Natural_Resources_and_Environment_(Thailand)|minister of natural resources and environment]].<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2859701/minister-faces-probe-regarding-state-land. Retrieved 2024-09-05</ref> *[[Narumon Pinyosinwat|Agriculture and Cooperatives Minister]]<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2862031/thamanat-chaperones-new-minister-on-flood-inspection. Retrieved 2024-09-09</ref> ==Armed conflict in the provinces Narathiwat, Pattani, and Yala== The [[South Thailand armed rebellion]] has its [[origin]]s from 1948;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/thailandmalay-muslims-1948-present/ |title=Thailand/Malay Muslims (1948–present) |publisher=University of Central Arkansas|access-date=30 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930013606/http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/thailandmalay-muslims-1948-present/|archive-date=30 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> It started as an ethnic and religious [[separatist]] [[armed rebellion]] in [[Patani (historical region)]]; Many [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay]] people live there; That region is made up of the three southernmost provinces of Thailand and parts of a fourth province (Songkhla); The conflict has become more complex and more violent since the early 2000s; [[Drug cartel]]s,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://library2.parliament.go.th/ebook/content-issue/2561/hi2561-002.pdf|title=ยาเสพติด : ปัญหาภัยแทรกซ้อนในจังหวัดชายแดนภาคใต้|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=5 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205150145/https://library2.parliament.go.th/ebook/content-issue/2561/hi2561-002.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.matichon.co.th/local/crime/news_1249219|title=ยิ่งจับยิ่งเยอะ รวบแก๊งค้ายาบ้าจังหวัดชายแดนใต้ พร้อมของกลางกว่า 7 แสนเม็ด|date=29 November 2018}}</ref> [[Smuggling|oil smuggling networks]],<ref name="น้ำมันเถื่อน"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/detail/597869|title=ผ่าเครือข่ายน้ำมันเถื่อนใต้ ผลประโยชน์หมื่นล้าน|website=bangkokbiznews.com/|date=8 August 2014}}</ref> and some [[Piracy|pirate]] raids have much to do with the violence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/detail/589207|title=แกะรอยเส้นทาง'เสี่ยโจ้'คนโตชายแดนใต้?|website=bangkokbiznews.com/|date=20 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.posttoday.com/social/local/332694|title=จับ8โจรสลัดปล้นเรืออินโดฯรุกน่านน้ำไทย|website=posttoday.com|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628160524/https://www.posttoday.com/social/local/332694|url-status=dead}}</ref> 57 people died (year 2023), in the conflict.<ref name="acleddata.com">{{cite web |url=https://acleddata.com/ |title=Conflict Index 2024 |website=Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) |access-date=1 March 2020 |archive-date=29 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129091359/https://acleddata.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Other information== Since 2025, using [[cannabis]] for fun, is (again) against the law.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3059036/thailands-cannabis-dreams-go-up-in-smoke. Retrieved 2025-06-29</ref><!--[[cannabis]] has again become a [[controlled substance]];--><ref name=ControlAndCriminalized>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-25 |title=Country bans recreational cannabis again in major blow to tourism |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/southeast-asia/thailand-cannabis-illegal-law-b2776598.html |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> [[Physician]]s and "Thai traditional doctors, [[Chinese medicine]] practitioners and [[pharmacist]]s [are some of those that] can [[authorization|authorise]] cannabis use", according to media.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3059036/thailands-cannabis-dreams-go-up-in-smoke. Retrieved 2025-06-29</ref><!--About the law becoming more strict about drug use. In October 2024, the government said that it will make a [[law]] or "[[regulation]] to tighten control of the production, import, export, sale and possession of [[cannabis]] and [[hemp]] [[extract]]s".--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2880868/cannabis-controls-to-be-tightened. Retrieved 2024-10-10</ref><!--Earlier (September 2024), media said that the country's [[lawmaker]]s were going to vote about a new law about use of [[cannabis]]; The [[law proposal]] says that "anyone who [... uses] cannabis or its [[extract]]s for uses not specified in the bill will face a fine of up to 60,000 baht"; Furthermore, the law proposal is also about putting limits on " marijuana uses to primarily [[health]] and [[medical]] purposes".--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2869153/thailand-unveils-new-bill-to-regulate-cannabis-while-keeping-it-legal. Retrieved 2024-09-20</ref><!--Authorities have said that from the first day of 2025, [[cannabis]] will be outlawed (again).--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2823881/cannabis-set-to-return-to-illegal-drugs-list-after-vote. [[Bangkok Post]]. Retrieved 2024-07-06</ref><!-- However, media said (July 2024) that new rules about [[criminalising]] cannabis (again), still have to [get [[approval]] from, or] "clear the [[Narcotics Control Board]];--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2834332/thailand-signals-another-u-turn-on-cannabis. Retrieved 2024-07-23</ref> [[Environmental issues]]: [[Industrial growth]] has created (much or) high levels of air pollution in Thailand. Vehicles and factories (give or) contribute to air pollution. Measurement of ''PM 2.5 pollution'' is one of the ways of measuring [[air pollution]]; In that way, the [[particulate]]s (in the atmosphere), that are smaller than 2.5 microns, get measured.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2943465/unsafe-pm2-5-levels-blanket-64-provinces. Retrieved 2025-01-20</ref> == References == === Footnotes === {{reflist|2|refs= <ref name=CIA>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html Thailand], CIA World Factbook.</ref> }} === Further reading === * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/th.html The United States CIA website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050612084026/http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/th.html |date=2005-06-12 }} == Other websites == {{sisterlinks|Thailand|voy=Thailand}} * [http://www.thaigov.go.th/ Thaigov.go.th Royal Government of Thailand] * [http://www.tourismthailand.org/ Tourism Authority of Thailand] Official tourism website * [http://www.parliament.go.th/files/mainpage.htm Thai National Assembly] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513022240/http://www.parliament.go.th/files/mainpage.htm |date=2008-05-13 }} Official Thai Parliament website * [http://www.mfa.go.th/ Mfa.go.th] Thailand Ministry of Foreign Affairs * [http://www.thaibirding.com Birdwatching in Thailand] * [http://www.learnthaiculture.com Learn Thai Culture.com] * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html CIA - The World Factbook - Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229000203/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html |date=2010-12-29 }} * [http://www.commonlanguageproject.net/?page_id=41#Thailand Thailand Country Fact Sheet] from the Common Language Project * [http://map.longdo.com/ Longdo Map Thailand] On-line Thailand map * [http://www.holiday-thai.com/ Holidays Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411000216/http://www.holiday-thai.com/ |date=2008-04-11 }} Holidays In Thailand {{Asia}} {{ASEAN}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Thailand| ]] [[Category:Current monarchies]] [[Category:Monarchies of Asia]] [[Category:1932 establishments in Asia]] o9n4x5cqv1fg460zra020z0xsd09pln 10367934 10367929 2025-07-02T17:05:18Z 46.15.81.55 better 10367934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{redlinks|date=September 2011}} {{Infobox country | native_name = {{ubl|{{native name|th|ราชอาณาจักรไทย|italics=off}}|{{lang|th-Latn|Ratcha-anachak Thai}}|{{native name|th|ประเทศไทย|italics=off}}|{{lang|th-Latn|Prathet Thai}}}} | conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Thailand | common_name = Thailand | image_flag = Flag of Thailand.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Thailand.svg | symbol_type = Emblem | national_anthem = ''[[Thai National Anthem|Phleng Chat Thai]]''<br />({{lang-en|"Thai National Anthem"}})<div style="padding-top:0.5em;">[[File:Thai National Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg|center]]</div> ---- | royal_anthem = ''[[Sansoen Phra Barami]]''<br />({{lang-en|"Glorify His prestige"}})<div style="padding-top:0.5em;">[[File:Thai Royal Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg|center]]</div> | image_map = Location Thailand ASEAN.svg | map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=green|region=[[ASEAN]]|region_color=dark grey|legend=Location Thailand ASEAN.svg}} | capital = {{nowrap|[[Bangkok]] (Thai: ''Krung Thep'')¹}} | coordinates = {{Coord|13|45|N|100|29|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Thai language|Thai]]<!--Note: Central Thai is also the national language. --><ref name="CIA">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/thailand/ "Thailand"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610164345/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/thailand/|date=10 June 2021}}, ''The World Factbook''.</ref><!--Thai is the official language. English is a non-official secondary language.--> | languages = [[Central Thai language|Central Thai]], [[Isan language|Isan]], [[Northern Thai language|Lanna (Northern Thai)]], [[Southern Thai language|Dambro (Southern Thai)]], [[Karenic languages|Karen]], [[Kelantan-Pattani Malay|Pattani Malay]], [[Bangkok Malay]], [[Teochew dialect|Teochew]], [[Hokkien]] | languages_type = Spoken languages | languages_sub = yes | ethnic_groups = {{tree list}} *80% [[Thai people|Thai]] **37% Thai (Central Thai) **25% [[Isan people|Thai Lao (Northeastern Thai)]] **8% [[Northern Thai people|Lanna (Northern Thai)]] **8% [[Southern Thai language|Dambro (Southern Thai)]] **2% (Western Thai) * 12% [[Thai Chinese]] * 4% [[Khmer people|Khmer]] * 4% [[Thai Malays|Malays]] {{tree list/end}} | languages2_type = [[Official script]]s | languages2 = [[Thai alphabet]] | ethnic_groups = [[Thai people|Thai]] (75%)<br> {{*}}Northeastern Thai ([[Lao people|Isan]]) (34.2%)<br> {{*}}Central Thai (33.7%)<br> {{*}}Southern Thai (13.3%)<br> [[Thai Chinese|Chinese]] (14%)<br> [[Northern Khmer people|Khmer]] (4%)<br> [[Malay people|Malay]] (4%)<br> [[India people|Tamil]] (3%)<br> Other (1%) | ethnic_groups_year = 2009<ref name=CIA/><ref>{{Citation |first=Barbara A. |last=West |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania |publisher=Facts on File |year=2009 |page=794}}</ref> | demonym = Thai | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary democracy]] and [[constitutional monarchy]] | leader_title1 = Monarch | leader_name1 = [[Vajiralongkorn|Maha Vajiralongkorn]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Thailand|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] ([[suspension|suspended]])<ref name=PaetongtarnPM>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2848292/paetongtarn-shinawatra-elected-thailands-31st-prime-minister. Retrieved 2024-08-16</ref><br>[[Suriya Juangroongruangkit]] (acting) | legislature = [[National Assembly of Thailand|National Assembly]] | upper_house = [[Senate of Thailand|Senate]] | lower_house = {{nowrap|[[House of Representatives of Thailand|House of Representatives]]}} | sovereignty_type = [[History of Thailand|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Sukhothai Kingdom]] | established_date1 = 1238–1448 | established_event2 = [[Ayutthaya Kingdom]] | established_date2 = 1351–1767 | established_event3 = [[Thonburi Kingdom]] | established_date3 = 1768–1782 | established_event4 = [[Rattanakosin Kingdom]] | established_date4 = 6 April 1782 | established_event5 = {{nowrap|[[Siamese revolution of 1932|Constitutional monarchy]]}} | established_date5 = 24 June 1932 | established_event6 = [[2007 Constitution of Thailand|2007 Constitution]] | established_date6 = 24 August 2007 | area_rank = 51st | area_km2 = 513,120 | area_sq_mi = 198,115 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 0.4 (2,230 km²) | population_estimate = 66,720,153²<ref>{{cite web|url=http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf|title=|date=16 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716001724/http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf|archive-date=2011-07-16}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 20th | population_estimate_year = 2011 | population_census = 65,479,453<ref>National Statistics Office. "100th anniversary of population censuses in Thailand: Population and housing census 2010: 11th census of Thailand" (in Thai), online accessible at: [http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712002347/http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc |date=2012-07-12 }}, retrieved on 30 January 2012.</ref> | population_census_year = 2010 | population_density_km2 = 132.1 | population_density_sq_mi = 342 <!--Do remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 88th | GDP_PPP = $616.783 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=61&pr.y=20&sy=2010&ey=2015&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=578&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Report for Thailand|work=World Economic Outlook Database|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|accessdate=25 July 2011}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = 24th | GDP_PPP_year = 2011 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $9,598<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 84th | GDP_nominal = $332.47 billion<ref name=imf2/> <!--Do not edit!--> | GDP_nominal_rank = 30th | GDP_nominal_year = 2011 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $5,174<ref name=imf2/> <!--Do not edit!--> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 89th | Gini = 42.5 | Gini_rank = | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |title=Human Development Report |publisher=UNDP |year=2009 |accessdate=27 October 2011 |archive-date=16 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116234423/http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | Gini_year = 2009 | HDI = 0.682 | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNDP">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Tables.pdf|title= Human Development Report 2011 – Human development statistical annex|publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]]|pages=127–130|accessdate=2 November 2011}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 103rd | HDI_year = 2011 | currency = [[Thai baht|Baht]] (฿) | currency_code = THB | time_zone = | utc_offset = +7 | time_zone_DST = | DST_note = | utc_offset_DST = <!-- +N, where N is number of hours --> | cctld = [[.th]], [[.ไทย]] | drives_on = left | calling_code = [[+66]] | footnotes = <!--for any generic non-numbered footnotes--> | footnote1 = {{note|1}}Thai name: กรุงเทพมหานคร ''Krung Thep Maha Nakhon'' or ''Krung Thep''. The full name is กรุงเทพมหานคร อมรรัตนโกสินทร์ มหินทรายุทธยา มหาดิลกภพ นพรัตนราชธานีบุรีรมย์ อุดมราชนิเวศน์มหาสถาน อมรพิมานอวตารสถิต สักกะทัตติยะวิษณุกรรมประสิทธิ์ ''Krung Thep Mahanakhon Amon Rattanakosin Mahinthara Yuthaya Mahadilok Phop Noppharat Ratchathani Burirom Udomratchaniwet Mahasathan Amon Phiman Awatan Sathit Sakkathattiya Witsanukam Prasit''. | footnote2 = {{note|2}}According to the Department of Provincial Administration's [http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf official register], not taking into account unregistered citizens and immigrants. }} '''Thailand''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|aɪ|l|æ|n|d}} {{respell|TY|land}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|aɪ|l|ə|n|d}} {{respell|TY|lənd}};<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thailand |title=Merriam-Webster Online |publisher=Merriam-webster.com |date=25 April 2007 |accessdate=25 April 2010}}</ref> {{lang-th|ประเทศไทย}}, {{RTGS|Prathet Thai}}), officially the '''Kingdom of Thailand''' ({{lang-th|ราชอาณาจักรไทย}}, {{RTGS|Ratcha Anachak Thai}}; {{IPA-th|râːt.tɕʰā ʔāːnāːtɕàk tʰāj|IPA|Th-pratheidthai raachaanaajakthai.ogg}}<!--See and listen here: http://www.thai-language.com/id/210678-->), is a [[country]] in [[Southeast Asia]]. Its neighbours are [[Laos]], [[Cambodia]], [[Malaysia]], and [[Myanmar]]. Its name was '''Siam''' until [[June 24|June]] [[1939]]<ref name="ThaiCSM">[https://archive.today/20120729065613/http://www.csmngt.com/thailand_history.htm Thailand (Siam) History], CSMngt-Thai.</ref> and between 1945 and [[May 11]] [[1949]]. The word Thai (ไทย) comes from the ethnic group in the center of Thailand. Thailand is a [[constitutional monarchy]]. It has a [[King]] as a [[head of state]], who is [[Vajiralongkorn]] at the moment. Most people here (95 percent) follow the [[philosophy]] called [[Buddhism]]. Smaller number of people (4.4%), mostly to the south, follow [[Islam]]. Other religions in Thailand are [[Christianity]], [[Hinduism]], and [[Sikhism]]. [[Population]]: the total [[fertility rate]] was 1.3 (in 2019).<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2264075/low-birth-rate-worries-experts. Retrieved 15 Februar 2022</ref> Geography: The highest mountain is at 2,565 m (8,415 ft), [[:en:Doi_Inthanon|Doi Inthanon]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Doi_Inthanon picture].) The prime minister is [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] (since August 2024).<ref name=PaetongtarnPM/> ==History== A Buddhist kingdom named [[Sukhothai]] was founded here in [[1238]]. A century later, a bigger kingdom named Ayuthaya appeared south of Sukhothai. Later Sukhothai became a part of Ayuthaya. Ayuthaya existed for more than 400 years before its fall by the attack of a [[Burma|Burmese]] kingdom. A soldier of [[Chinese people|Chinese]] origin then founded a new capital city at Thonburi, and became King Tāksin. The founding of [[Bangkok]] as the capital city, was the start of the [[Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)]]. It was founded by King [[Rama I]] of the Chakri Dynasty<!--The current era, Rattanakosin, started on founding by King Rama I of Chakri Dynasty-->. Before [[1932]], Thailand was an [[absolute monarchy]]. On [[June 24]], 1932, a group of people did a [[coup]] and changed Thailand to a [[constitutional monarchy]]. It was not until [[1973]] that Thai people voted for a [[Prime Minister]] in an [[election]].<!--There were [[coup]]s both before and after this year.--> In 1951, there was a failed coup - the Manhattan Rebellion.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/1290939/shifting-thai-alliances-in-the-21st-century|title=Shifting Thai alliances in the 21st century|first=Bangkok Post Public Company|last=Limited|newspaper=Bangkok Post}}</ref> On [[September 19]], [[2006]], the army did a coup d'état and took control from [[Thaksin Shinawatra]]'s government. In May 2014, a new military coup d'état removed another government. In October [[2016]], [[Vajiralongkorn|Rama X]] became the new king. Between 1932 and 2014, Thailand had 12 coup d'etats. The [[2025 Cambodian–Thai border crisis]] started in May 2025; One Cambodian soldier was killed.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3044755/cambodian-troops-agree-to-retreat-from-thai-border#google_vignette. Retrieved 2025-06-09</ref> The conflict had not ended by the last week of June.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3056862/border-closure-spares-students-but-hits-local-business-hard. Retrieved 2025-06-25</ref><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3044826/cambodian-troops-agree-to-withdraw?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2025-06-09</ref> ==Provinces== Thailand is made up of 76 [[province]]s (จังหวัด, changwat), put into 5 groups. There are 2 specially governed districts: the capital Bangkok and Pattaya. The 76 provinces including Bangkok are as follows: [[File:Thailand provinces.png|right|250 px|thumb|Thailand provinces]] [[File:Thailand map CIA.png|right|thumb|Map of Thailand]] === Central === # [[Ang Thong Province|Ang Thong]] # [[Bangkok|Bangkok (Krung Thep Maha Nakhon)]], Special Governed District of # [[Chainat Province|Chai Nat]] # [[Kanchanaburi Province|Kanchanaburi]] # [[Lopburi Province|Lopburi]] # [[Nakhon Nayok Province|Nakhon Nayok]] # [[Nakhon Pathom Province|Nakhon Pathom]] # [[Nonthaburi Province|Nonthaburi]] # [[Pathum Thani Province|Pathum Thani]] # [[Phetchaburi Province|Phetchaburi]] # [[Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya]] # [[Prachuap Khiri Khan]] # [[Ratchaburi Province|Ratchaburi]] # [[Samut Prakan]] # [[Samut Sakhon]] # [[Samut Songkhram]] # [[Saraburi]] # [[Sing Buri]] # [[Suphan Buri]] === East === # [[Chachoengsao]] # [[Chanthaburi]] # [[Chonburi]] # [[Prachinburi]] # [[Rayong]] # [[Sa Kaeo]] # [[Trat]] === North === # [[Chiang Mai Province|Chiang Mai]] # [[Chiang Rai]] # [[Kamphaeng Phet Province|Kamphaeng Phet]] # [[Lampang Province|Lampang]] # [[Lamphun]] # [[Mae Hong Son]] # [[Nakhon Sawan]] # [[Nan]] # [[Phayao]] # [[Phetchabun Province|Phetchabun]] # [[Phichit]] # [[Phitsanulok]] # [[Phrae]] # [[Sukhothai]] # [[Tak Province|Tak]] # [[Uthai Thani]] # [[Uttaradit]] [[File:Chmwphrasingh0506e.jpg|right|thumb|222px|upright|Wat Phra Sing, [[Chiang Mai Province]] ]] === Northeast (Isan) === # [[Amnat Charoen]] # [[Bueng Kan]] # [[Buriram|Buri Ram]] # [[Chaiyaphum Province|Chaiyaphum]] # [[Kalasin]] # [[Khon Kaen]] # [[Loei Province|Loei]] # [[Maha Sarakham]] # [[Mukdahan]] # [[Nakhon Phanom]] # [[Nakhon Ratchasima Province|Nakhon Ratchasima]] # [[Nong Bua Lamphu]] # [[Nong Khai]] # [[Roi Et]] # [[Sakon Nakhon]] # [[Si Sa Ket]] # [[Surin]] # [[Ubon Ratchathani]] # [[Udon Thani]] # [[Yasothon]] === South === # [[Chumphon Province|Chumphon]] # [[Krabi]] # [[Nakhon Si Thammarat]] # [[Narathiwat]] # [[Pattani]] # [[Phang Nga province|Phang Nga]] # [[Phatthalung]] # [[Phuket]] # [[Rayong|Ranong]] # [[Satun]] # [[Songkhla]] # [[Surat Thani]] # [[Trang Province|Trang]] # [[Yala]]<!--'''NOTE''': In ''italics'' [1], that province is about the '''Greater Bangkok''' sub-region; in ''italics'' [2], that province is about the '''West''' sub-region.--> ==Economy== The [[economy]] of Thailand "is based on trade and [[investment]] in the [[agriculture|agricultural]] and [[tourism]] sectors, according to media.<ref name="ForeignDirectInvestment">https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2599545/horns-of-a-dilemma. [[Bangkok Post]]. Retrieved 2023-06-26</ref> In 2022, the country with investors that invested the most in Thailand, was Japan; Chinese investors had the second place.<ref name=ForeignDirectInvestment/> Industry had a contribution to the [[GDP]], of 43.9 percent (in 2007), and 14 percent of the workforce are in that sector (of the economy). Within that sector, ''[[manufacturing]]'' was the biggest part, and it had a contribution (to the GDP), with 34.5 (in 2004). As of 2025's first quarter, media said that there is "weakness [...] in the manufacturing sector, especially [[automotive]], [[petrochemical]]s and construction materials".<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/2969963/thai-growth-outlook-remains-stable. Retrieved 2025-02-28</ref> [[Agriculture in Thailand]]: Rice is the country's most important crop; Some 60 percent of Thailand's 13 million farmers grow that, according to media (2017). Amount of crops produced: [[sugarcane]];<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3010352/thai-firms-halt-syrup-production-as-chinas-ban-drags-on. Retrieved 2025-04-24</ref> [c. 104 million tons] or 104.3 million tons was harvested in 2018 (4th largest producer in the world); Rice, [c. 32 million tons or] 32.1 million tons (6th largest producer in the world); [[Cassava]], 31.6 million tons (2nd largest producer in the world). "The Thai-US trade volume has been roughly 6.0% of GDP", but on top of that significant amounts of Chinese goods are getting labels ''Made in Thailand'', while in many cases the goods were actually Made in China, according to media.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/3026007/thai-us-trade-talks-are-likely-to-fail?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2025-05-15</ref> "The US was Thailand's largest export market" in 2024; The U.S. imported things for $55 billion.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3024546/thailand-has-sent-trade-proposal-to-united-states-pm-says. Retrieved 2025-05-13</ref> The [[GDP growth]] (year 2024), was 2.5%.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/3036940/thailand-has-lost-its-last-growth-engine. Retrieved 2025-05-29</ref> In regard to trade with Cambodia: Exports were at 1.05 trillion baht (2024); Imports were at 767 billion baht.<ref name=ScrapMetal/> In regard to things that go thru border [[checkpoint]]s on the Cambodian-Thai border: "The largest [[volume]] of [things or] items included cassava and [[scrap metal]] needed for [[industrial processing]]", according to media in 2025.<ref name=ScrapMetal>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3060454/cambodia-spat-expected-to-cost-border-trade-b60bn. Retrieved 2025-06-30</ref> In regard to the political "struggle [as of July 2025] to find a new prime minister, ... a political deadlock ... could [put in danger, or] jeopardise the country’s already [weak economy or] [[fragility|fragile] economic situation", according to media.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3062022/paetongtarn-shinawatras-suspension-deals-new-blow-to-thailands-battered-economy. Retrieved 2025-07-02</ref> In 2014, [[Credit Suisse]] reported that Thailand was the world's third most unequal country, behind Russia and India.<ref name="BBC 2017" /> The top 10% richest held 79% of the country's assets.<ref name="BBC 2017" /> The top 1% held 58% of the assets.<ref name="BBC 2017">{{Cite news |last=พงศ์พิพัฒน์ บัญชานนท์ |date=18 June 2017 |script-title=th:ยิ่งนานยิ่งถ่าง ช่องว่างทางรายได้ ปัญหาใหญ่ที่รอ คสช. แก้ |language=th |work=[[BBC]] Thailand |url=http://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-40317663 |url-status=live |access-date=25 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514163313/https://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-40317663 |archive-date=14 May 2018}}</ref> ==Government== The acting prime minister is [[Suriya Juangroongruangkit]] (as of July 2025); [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] is [[suspension|suspended]].<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3062022/paetongtarn-shinawatras-suspension-deals-new-blow-to-thailands-battered-economy. Retrieved 2025-07-02</ref> Earlier (September 2024), new members of the [[Cabinet of Thailand]] got [[approval]] from the king .<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2859376/king-endorses-new-cabinet. Retrieved 2024-09-04</ref> The Cabinet members include *''foreign minister'' or [[minister of foreign affairs]]<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/2872893/thai-foreign-policy-needs-new-rudder?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2024-09-27</ref> *[[Ministry_of_Natural_Resources_and_Environment_(Thailand)|minister of natural resources and environment]].<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2859701/minister-faces-probe-regarding-state-land. Retrieved 2024-09-05</ref> *[[Narumon Pinyosinwat|Agriculture and Cooperatives Minister]]<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2862031/thamanat-chaperones-new-minister-on-flood-inspection. Retrieved 2024-09-09</ref> ==Armed conflict in the provinces Narathiwat, Pattani, and Yala== The [[South Thailand armed rebellion]] has its [[origin]]s from 1948;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/thailandmalay-muslims-1948-present/ |title=Thailand/Malay Muslims (1948–present) |publisher=University of Central Arkansas|access-date=30 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930013606/http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/thailandmalay-muslims-1948-present/|archive-date=30 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> It started as an ethnic and religious [[separatist]] [[armed rebellion]] in [[Patani (historical region)]]; Many [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay]] people live there; That region is made up of the three southernmost provinces of Thailand and parts of a fourth province (Songkhla); The conflict has become more complex and more violent since the early 2000s; [[Drug cartel]]s,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://library2.parliament.go.th/ebook/content-issue/2561/hi2561-002.pdf|title=ยาเสพติด : ปัญหาภัยแทรกซ้อนในจังหวัดชายแดนภาคใต้|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=5 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205150145/https://library2.parliament.go.th/ebook/content-issue/2561/hi2561-002.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.matichon.co.th/local/crime/news_1249219|title=ยิ่งจับยิ่งเยอะ รวบแก๊งค้ายาบ้าจังหวัดชายแดนใต้ พร้อมของกลางกว่า 7 แสนเม็ด|date=29 November 2018}}</ref> [[Smuggling|oil smuggling networks]],<ref name="น้ำมันเถื่อน"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/detail/597869|title=ผ่าเครือข่ายน้ำมันเถื่อนใต้ ผลประโยชน์หมื่นล้าน|website=bangkokbiznews.com/|date=8 August 2014}}</ref> and some [[Piracy|pirate]] raids have much to do with the violence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/detail/589207|title=แกะรอยเส้นทาง'เสี่ยโจ้'คนโตชายแดนใต้?|website=bangkokbiznews.com/|date=20 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.posttoday.com/social/local/332694|title=จับ8โจรสลัดปล้นเรืออินโดฯรุกน่านน้ำไทย|website=posttoday.com|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628160524/https://www.posttoday.com/social/local/332694|url-status=dead}}</ref> 57 people died (year 2023), in the conflict.<ref name="acleddata.com">{{cite web |url=https://acleddata.com/ |title=Conflict Index 2024 |website=Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) |access-date=1 March 2020 |archive-date=29 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129091359/https://acleddata.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Other information== Since 2025, using [[cannabis]] for fun, is (again) against the law.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3059036/thailands-cannabis-dreams-go-up-in-smoke. Retrieved 2025-06-29</ref><!--[[cannabis]] has again become a [[controlled substance]];--><ref name=ControlAndCriminalized>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-25 |title=Country bans recreational cannabis again in major blow to tourism |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/southeast-asia/thailand-cannabis-illegal-law-b2776598.html |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> [[Physician]]s and "Thai traditional doctors, [[Chinese medicine]] practitioners and [[pharmacist]]s [are some of those that] can [[authorization|authorise]] cannabis use", according to media.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3059036/thailands-cannabis-dreams-go-up-in-smoke. Retrieved 2025-06-29</ref><!--About the law becoming more strict about drug use. In October 2024, the government said that it will make a [[law]] or "[[regulation]] to tighten control of the production, import, export, sale and possession of [[cannabis]] and [[hemp]] [[extract]]s".--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2880868/cannabis-controls-to-be-tightened. Retrieved 2024-10-10</ref><!--Earlier (September 2024), media said that the country's [[lawmaker]]s were going to vote about a new law about use of [[cannabis]]; The [[law proposal]] says that "anyone who [... uses] cannabis or its [[extract]]s for uses not specified in the bill will face a fine of up to 60,000 baht"; Furthermore, the law proposal is also about putting limits on " marijuana uses to primarily [[health]] and [[medical]] purposes".--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2869153/thailand-unveils-new-bill-to-regulate-cannabis-while-keeping-it-legal. Retrieved 2024-09-20</ref><!--Authorities have said that from the first day of 2025, [[cannabis]] will be outlawed (again).--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2823881/cannabis-set-to-return-to-illegal-drugs-list-after-vote. [[Bangkok Post]]. Retrieved 2024-07-06</ref><!-- However, media said (July 2024) that new rules about [[criminalising]] cannabis (again), still have to [get [[approval]] from, or] "clear the [[Narcotics Control Board]];--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2834332/thailand-signals-another-u-turn-on-cannabis. Retrieved 2024-07-23</ref> [[Environmental issues]]: [[Industrial growth]] has created (much or) high levels of air pollution in Thailand. Vehicles and factories (give or) contribute to air pollution. Measurement of ''PM 2.5 pollution'' is one of the ways of measuring [[air pollution]]; In that way, the [[particulate]]s (in the atmosphere), that are smaller than 2.5 microns, get measured.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2943465/unsafe-pm2-5-levels-blanket-64-provinces. Retrieved 2025-01-20</ref> == References == === Footnotes === {{reflist|2|refs= <ref name=CIA>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html Thailand], CIA World Factbook.</ref> }} === Further reading === * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/th.html The United States CIA website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050612084026/http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/th.html |date=2005-06-12 }} == Other websites == {{sisterlinks|Thailand|voy=Thailand}} * [http://www.thaigov.go.th/ Thaigov.go.th Royal Government of Thailand] * [http://www.tourismthailand.org/ Tourism Authority of Thailand] Official tourism website * [http://www.parliament.go.th/files/mainpage.htm Thai National Assembly] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513022240/http://www.parliament.go.th/files/mainpage.htm |date=2008-05-13 }} Official Thai Parliament website * [http://www.mfa.go.th/ Mfa.go.th] Thailand Ministry of Foreign Affairs * [http://www.thaibirding.com Birdwatching in Thailand] * [http://www.learnthaiculture.com Learn Thai Culture.com] * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html CIA - The World Factbook - Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229000203/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html |date=2010-12-29 }} * [http://www.commonlanguageproject.net/?page_id=41#Thailand Thailand Country Fact Sheet] from the Common Language Project * [http://map.longdo.com/ Longdo Map Thailand] On-line Thailand map * [http://www.holiday-thai.com/ Holidays Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411000216/http://www.holiday-thai.com/ |date=2008-04-11 }} Holidays In Thailand {{Asia}} {{ASEAN}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Thailand| ]] [[Category:Current monarchies]] [[Category:Monarchies of Asia]] [[Category:1932 establishments in Asia]] mxb5vfwop4mji9io27fgonqcnphfmg0 10367937 10367934 2025-07-02T17:05:59Z 2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA /* Economy */ 10367937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{redlinks|date=September 2011}} {{Infobox country | native_name = {{ubl|{{native name|th|ราชอาณาจักรไทย|italics=off}}|{{lang|th-Latn|Ratcha-anachak Thai}}|{{native name|th|ประเทศไทย|italics=off}}|{{lang|th-Latn|Prathet Thai}}}} | conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Thailand | common_name = Thailand | image_flag = Flag of Thailand.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Thailand.svg | symbol_type = Emblem | national_anthem = ''[[Thai National Anthem|Phleng Chat Thai]]''<br />({{lang-en|"Thai National Anthem"}})<div style="padding-top:0.5em;">[[File:Thai National Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg|center]]</div> ---- | royal_anthem = ''[[Sansoen Phra Barami]]''<br />({{lang-en|"Glorify His prestige"}})<div style="padding-top:0.5em;">[[File:Thai Royal Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg|center]]</div> | image_map = Location Thailand ASEAN.svg | map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=green|region=[[ASEAN]]|region_color=dark grey|legend=Location Thailand ASEAN.svg}} | capital = {{nowrap|[[Bangkok]] (Thai: ''Krung Thep'')¹}} | coordinates = {{Coord|13|45|N|100|29|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Thai language|Thai]]<!--Note: Central Thai is also the national language. --><ref name="CIA">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/thailand/ "Thailand"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610164345/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/thailand/|date=10 June 2021}}, ''The World Factbook''.</ref><!--Thai is the official language. English is a non-official secondary language.--> | languages = [[Central Thai language|Central Thai]], [[Isan language|Isan]], [[Northern Thai language|Lanna (Northern Thai)]], [[Southern Thai language|Dambro (Southern Thai)]], [[Karenic languages|Karen]], [[Kelantan-Pattani Malay|Pattani Malay]], [[Bangkok Malay]], [[Teochew dialect|Teochew]], [[Hokkien]] | languages_type = Spoken languages | languages_sub = yes | ethnic_groups = {{tree list}} *80% [[Thai people|Thai]] **37% Thai (Central Thai) **25% [[Isan people|Thai Lao (Northeastern Thai)]] **8% [[Northern Thai people|Lanna (Northern Thai)]] **8% [[Southern Thai language|Dambro (Southern Thai)]] **2% (Western Thai) * 12% [[Thai Chinese]] * 4% [[Khmer people|Khmer]] * 4% [[Thai Malays|Malays]] {{tree list/end}} | languages2_type = [[Official script]]s | languages2 = [[Thai alphabet]] | ethnic_groups = [[Thai people|Thai]] (75%)<br> {{*}}Northeastern Thai ([[Lao people|Isan]]) (34.2%)<br> {{*}}Central Thai (33.7%)<br> {{*}}Southern Thai (13.3%)<br> [[Thai Chinese|Chinese]] (14%)<br> [[Northern Khmer people|Khmer]] (4%)<br> [[Malay people|Malay]] (4%)<br> [[India people|Tamil]] (3%)<br> Other (1%) | ethnic_groups_year = 2009<ref name=CIA/><ref>{{Citation |first=Barbara A. |last=West |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania |publisher=Facts on File |year=2009 |page=794}}</ref> | demonym = Thai | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary democracy]] and [[constitutional monarchy]] | leader_title1 = Monarch | leader_name1 = [[Vajiralongkorn|Maha Vajiralongkorn]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Thailand|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] ([[suspension|suspended]])<ref name=PaetongtarnPM>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2848292/paetongtarn-shinawatra-elected-thailands-31st-prime-minister. Retrieved 2024-08-16</ref><br>[[Suriya Juangroongruangkit]] (acting) | legislature = [[National Assembly of Thailand|National Assembly]] | upper_house = [[Senate of Thailand|Senate]] | lower_house = {{nowrap|[[House of Representatives of Thailand|House of Representatives]]}} | sovereignty_type = [[History of Thailand|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Sukhothai Kingdom]] | established_date1 = 1238–1448 | established_event2 = [[Ayutthaya Kingdom]] | established_date2 = 1351–1767 | established_event3 = [[Thonburi Kingdom]] | established_date3 = 1768–1782 | established_event4 = [[Rattanakosin Kingdom]] | established_date4 = 6 April 1782 | established_event5 = {{nowrap|[[Siamese revolution of 1932|Constitutional monarchy]]}} | established_date5 = 24 June 1932 | established_event6 = [[2007 Constitution of Thailand|2007 Constitution]] | established_date6 = 24 August 2007 | area_rank = 51st | area_km2 = 513,120 | area_sq_mi = 198,115 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 0.4 (2,230 km²) | population_estimate = 66,720,153²<ref>{{cite web|url=http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf|title=|date=16 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716001724/http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf|archive-date=2011-07-16}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 20th | population_estimate_year = 2011 | population_census = 65,479,453<ref>National Statistics Office. "100th anniversary of population censuses in Thailand: Population and housing census 2010: 11th census of Thailand" (in Thai), online accessible at: [http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712002347/http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc |date=2012-07-12 }}, retrieved on 30 January 2012.</ref> | population_census_year = 2010 | population_density_km2 = 132.1 | population_density_sq_mi = 342 <!--Do remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 88th | GDP_PPP = $616.783 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=61&pr.y=20&sy=2010&ey=2015&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=578&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Report for Thailand|work=World Economic Outlook Database|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|accessdate=25 July 2011}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = 24th | GDP_PPP_year = 2011 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $9,598<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 84th | GDP_nominal = $332.47 billion<ref name=imf2/> <!--Do not edit!--> | GDP_nominal_rank = 30th | GDP_nominal_year = 2011 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $5,174<ref name=imf2/> <!--Do not edit!--> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 89th | Gini = 42.5 | Gini_rank = | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |title=Human Development Report |publisher=UNDP |year=2009 |accessdate=27 October 2011 |archive-date=16 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116234423/http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | Gini_year = 2009 | HDI = 0.682 | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNDP">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Tables.pdf|title= Human Development Report 2011 – Human development statistical annex|publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]]|pages=127–130|accessdate=2 November 2011}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 103rd | HDI_year = 2011 | currency = [[Thai baht|Baht]] (฿) | currency_code = THB | time_zone = | utc_offset = +7 | time_zone_DST = | DST_note = | utc_offset_DST = <!-- +N, where N is number of hours --> | cctld = [[.th]], [[.ไทย]] | drives_on = left | calling_code = [[+66]] | footnotes = <!--for any generic non-numbered footnotes--> | footnote1 = {{note|1}}Thai name: กรุงเทพมหานคร ''Krung Thep Maha Nakhon'' or ''Krung Thep''. The full name is กรุงเทพมหานคร อมรรัตนโกสินทร์ มหินทรายุทธยา มหาดิลกภพ นพรัตนราชธานีบุรีรมย์ อุดมราชนิเวศน์มหาสถาน อมรพิมานอวตารสถิต สักกะทัตติยะวิษณุกรรมประสิทธิ์ ''Krung Thep Mahanakhon Amon Rattanakosin Mahinthara Yuthaya Mahadilok Phop Noppharat Ratchathani Burirom Udomratchaniwet Mahasathan Amon Phiman Awatan Sathit Sakkathattiya Witsanukam Prasit''. | footnote2 = {{note|2}}According to the Department of Provincial Administration's [http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf official register], not taking into account unregistered citizens and immigrants. }} '''Thailand''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|aɪ|l|æ|n|d}} {{respell|TY|land}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|aɪ|l|ə|n|d}} {{respell|TY|lənd}};<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thailand |title=Merriam-Webster Online |publisher=Merriam-webster.com |date=25 April 2007 |accessdate=25 April 2010}}</ref> {{lang-th|ประเทศไทย}}, {{RTGS|Prathet Thai}}), officially the '''Kingdom of Thailand''' ({{lang-th|ราชอาณาจักรไทย}}, {{RTGS|Ratcha Anachak Thai}}; {{IPA-th|râːt.tɕʰā ʔāːnāːtɕàk tʰāj|IPA|Th-pratheidthai raachaanaajakthai.ogg}}<!--See and listen here: http://www.thai-language.com/id/210678-->), is a [[country]] in [[Southeast Asia]]. Its neighbours are [[Laos]], [[Cambodia]], [[Malaysia]], and [[Myanmar]]. Its name was '''Siam''' until [[June 24|June]] [[1939]]<ref name="ThaiCSM">[https://archive.today/20120729065613/http://www.csmngt.com/thailand_history.htm Thailand (Siam) History], CSMngt-Thai.</ref> and between 1945 and [[May 11]] [[1949]]. The word Thai (ไทย) comes from the ethnic group in the center of Thailand. Thailand is a [[constitutional monarchy]]. It has a [[King]] as a [[head of state]], who is [[Vajiralongkorn]] at the moment. Most people here (95 percent) follow the [[philosophy]] called [[Buddhism]]. Smaller number of people (4.4%), mostly to the south, follow [[Islam]]. Other religions in Thailand are [[Christianity]], [[Hinduism]], and [[Sikhism]]. [[Population]]: the total [[fertility rate]] was 1.3 (in 2019).<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2264075/low-birth-rate-worries-experts. Retrieved 15 Februar 2022</ref> Geography: The highest mountain is at 2,565 m (8,415 ft), [[:en:Doi_Inthanon|Doi Inthanon]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Doi_Inthanon picture].) The prime minister is [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] (since August 2024).<ref name=PaetongtarnPM/> ==History== A Buddhist kingdom named [[Sukhothai]] was founded here in [[1238]]. A century later, a bigger kingdom named Ayuthaya appeared south of Sukhothai. Later Sukhothai became a part of Ayuthaya. Ayuthaya existed for more than 400 years before its fall by the attack of a [[Burma|Burmese]] kingdom. A soldier of [[Chinese people|Chinese]] origin then founded a new capital city at Thonburi, and became King Tāksin. The founding of [[Bangkok]] as the capital city, was the start of the [[Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)]]. It was founded by King [[Rama I]] of the Chakri Dynasty<!--The current era, Rattanakosin, started on founding by King Rama I of Chakri Dynasty-->. Before [[1932]], Thailand was an [[absolute monarchy]]. On [[June 24]], 1932, a group of people did a [[coup]] and changed Thailand to a [[constitutional monarchy]]. It was not until [[1973]] that Thai people voted for a [[Prime Minister]] in an [[election]].<!--There were [[coup]]s both before and after this year.--> In 1951, there was a failed coup - the Manhattan Rebellion.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/1290939/shifting-thai-alliances-in-the-21st-century|title=Shifting Thai alliances in the 21st century|first=Bangkok Post Public Company|last=Limited|newspaper=Bangkok Post}}</ref> On [[September 19]], [[2006]], the army did a coup d'état and took control from [[Thaksin Shinawatra]]'s government. In May 2014, a new military coup d'état removed another government. In October [[2016]], [[Vajiralongkorn|Rama X]] became the new king. Between 1932 and 2014, Thailand had 12 coup d'etats. The [[2025 Cambodian–Thai border crisis]] started in May 2025; One Cambodian soldier was killed.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3044755/cambodian-troops-agree-to-retreat-from-thai-border#google_vignette. Retrieved 2025-06-09</ref> The conflict had not ended by the last week of June.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3056862/border-closure-spares-students-but-hits-local-business-hard. Retrieved 2025-06-25</ref><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3044826/cambodian-troops-agree-to-withdraw?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2025-06-09</ref> ==Provinces== Thailand is made up of 76 [[province]]s (จังหวัด, changwat), put into 5 groups. There are 2 specially governed districts: the capital Bangkok and Pattaya. The 76 provinces including Bangkok are as follows: [[File:Thailand provinces.png|right|250 px|thumb|Thailand provinces]] [[File:Thailand map CIA.png|right|thumb|Map of Thailand]] === Central === # [[Ang Thong Province|Ang Thong]] # [[Bangkok|Bangkok (Krung Thep Maha Nakhon)]], Special Governed District of # [[Chainat Province|Chai Nat]] # [[Kanchanaburi Province|Kanchanaburi]] # [[Lopburi Province|Lopburi]] # [[Nakhon Nayok Province|Nakhon Nayok]] # [[Nakhon Pathom Province|Nakhon Pathom]] # [[Nonthaburi Province|Nonthaburi]] # [[Pathum Thani Province|Pathum Thani]] # [[Phetchaburi Province|Phetchaburi]] # [[Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya]] # [[Prachuap Khiri Khan]] # [[Ratchaburi Province|Ratchaburi]] # [[Samut Prakan]] # [[Samut Sakhon]] # [[Samut Songkhram]] # [[Saraburi]] # [[Sing Buri]] # [[Suphan Buri]] === East === # [[Chachoengsao]] # [[Chanthaburi]] # [[Chonburi]] # [[Prachinburi]] # [[Rayong]] # [[Sa Kaeo]] # [[Trat]] === North === # [[Chiang Mai Province|Chiang Mai]] # [[Chiang Rai]] # [[Kamphaeng Phet Province|Kamphaeng Phet]] # [[Lampang Province|Lampang]] # [[Lamphun]] # [[Mae Hong Son]] # [[Nakhon Sawan]] # [[Nan]] # [[Phayao]] # [[Phetchabun Province|Phetchabun]] # [[Phichit]] # [[Phitsanulok]] # [[Phrae]] # [[Sukhothai]] # [[Tak Province|Tak]] # [[Uthai Thani]] # [[Uttaradit]] [[File:Chmwphrasingh0506e.jpg|right|thumb|222px|upright|Wat Phra Sing, [[Chiang Mai Province]] ]] === Northeast (Isan) === # [[Amnat Charoen]] # [[Bueng Kan]] # [[Buriram|Buri Ram]] # [[Chaiyaphum Province|Chaiyaphum]] # [[Kalasin]] # [[Khon Kaen]] # [[Loei Province|Loei]] # [[Maha Sarakham]] # [[Mukdahan]] # [[Nakhon Phanom]] # [[Nakhon Ratchasima Province|Nakhon Ratchasima]] # [[Nong Bua Lamphu]] # [[Nong Khai]] # [[Roi Et]] # [[Sakon Nakhon]] # [[Si Sa Ket]] # [[Surin]] # [[Ubon Ratchathani]] # [[Udon Thani]] # [[Yasothon]] === South === # [[Chumphon Province|Chumphon]] # [[Krabi]] # [[Nakhon Si Thammarat]] # [[Narathiwat]] # [[Pattani]] # [[Phang Nga province|Phang Nga]] # [[Phatthalung]] # [[Phuket]] # [[Rayong|Ranong]] # [[Satun]] # [[Songkhla]] # [[Surat Thani]] # [[Trang Province|Trang]] # [[Yala]]<!--'''NOTE''': In ''italics'' [1], that province is about the '''Greater Bangkok''' sub-region; in ''italics'' [2], that province is about the '''West''' sub-region.--> ==Economy== The [[economy]] of Thailand "is based on trade and [[investment]] in the [[agriculture|agricultural]] and [[tourism]] sectors, according to media.<ref name="ForeignDirectInvestment">https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2599545/horns-of-a-dilemma. [[Bangkok Post]]. Retrieved 2023-06-26</ref> In 2022, the country with investors that invested the most in Thailand, was Japan; Chinese investors had the second place.<ref name=ForeignDirectInvestment/> Industry had a contribution to the [[GDP]], of 43.9 percent (in 2007), and 14 percent of the workforce are in that sector (of the economy). Within that sector, ''[[manufacturing]]'' was the biggest part, and it had a contribution (to the GDP), with 34.5 (in 2004). As of 2025's first quarter, media said that there is "weakness [...] in the manufacturing sector, especially [[automotive]], [[petrochemical]]s and construction materials".<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/2969963/thai-growth-outlook-remains-stable. Retrieved 2025-02-28</ref> [[Agriculture in Thailand]]: Rice is the country's most important crop; Some 60 percent of Thailand's 13 million farmers grow that, according to media (2017). Amount of crops produced: [[sugarcane]];<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3010352/thai-firms-halt-syrup-production-as-chinas-ban-drags-on. Retrieved 2025-04-24</ref> [c. 104 million tons] or 104.3 million tons was harvested in 2018 (4th largest producer in the world); Rice, [c. 32 million tons or] 32.1 million tons (6th largest producer in the world); [[Cassava]], 31.6 million tons (2nd largest producer in the world). "The Thai-US trade volume has been roughly 6.0% of GDP", but on top of that significant amounts of Chinese goods are getting labels ''Made in Thailand'', while in many cases the goods were actually Made in China, according to media.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/3026007/thai-us-trade-talks-are-likely-to-fail?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2025-05-15</ref> "The US was Thailand's largest export market" in 2024; The U.S. imported things for $55 billion.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3024546/thailand-has-sent-trade-proposal-to-united-states-pm-says. Retrieved 2025-05-13</ref> The [[GDP growth]] (year 2024), was 2.5%.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/3036940/thailand-has-lost-its-last-growth-engine. Retrieved 2025-05-29</ref> In regard to trade with Cambodia: Exports were at 1.05 trillion baht (2024); Imports were at 767 billion baht.<ref name=ScrapMetal/> In regard to things that go thru border [[checkpoint]]s on the Cambodian-Thai border: "The largest [[volume]] of [things or] items included cassava and [[scrap metal]] needed for [[industrial processing]]", according to media in 2025.<ref name=ScrapMetal>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3060454/cambodia-spat-expected-to-cost-border-trade-b60bn. Retrieved 2025-06-30</ref> In regard to the political "struggle [as of July 2025] to find a new prime minister, ... a political deadlock ... could [put in danger, or] jeopardise the country’s already [weak economy or] [[fragility|fragile]] economic situation", according to media.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3062022/paetongtarn-shinawatras-suspension-deals-new-blow-to-thailands-battered-economy. Retrieved 2025-07-02</ref> In 2014, [[Credit Suisse]] reported that Thailand was the world's third most unequal country, behind Russia and India.<ref name="BBC 2017" /> The top 10% richest held 79% of the country's assets.<ref name="BBC 2017" /> The top 1% held 58% of the assets.<ref name="BBC 2017">{{Cite news |last=พงศ์พิพัฒน์ บัญชานนท์ |date=18 June 2017 |script-title=th:ยิ่งนานยิ่งถ่าง ช่องว่างทางรายได้ ปัญหาใหญ่ที่รอ คสช. แก้ |language=th |work=[[BBC]] Thailand |url=http://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-40317663 |url-status=live |access-date=25 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514163313/https://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-40317663 |archive-date=14 May 2018}}</ref> ==Government== The acting prime minister is [[Suriya Juangroongruangkit]] (as of July 2025); [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] is [[suspension|suspended]].<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3062022/paetongtarn-shinawatras-suspension-deals-new-blow-to-thailands-battered-economy. Retrieved 2025-07-02</ref> Earlier (September 2024), new members of the [[Cabinet of Thailand]] got [[approval]] from the king .<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2859376/king-endorses-new-cabinet. Retrieved 2024-09-04</ref> The Cabinet members include *''foreign minister'' or [[minister of foreign affairs]]<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/2872893/thai-foreign-policy-needs-new-rudder?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2024-09-27</ref> *[[Ministry_of_Natural_Resources_and_Environment_(Thailand)|minister of natural resources and environment]].<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2859701/minister-faces-probe-regarding-state-land. Retrieved 2024-09-05</ref> *[[Narumon Pinyosinwat|Agriculture and Cooperatives Minister]]<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2862031/thamanat-chaperones-new-minister-on-flood-inspection. Retrieved 2024-09-09</ref> ==Armed conflict in the provinces Narathiwat, Pattani, and Yala== The [[South Thailand armed rebellion]] has its [[origin]]s from 1948;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/thailandmalay-muslims-1948-present/ |title=Thailand/Malay Muslims (1948–present) |publisher=University of Central Arkansas|access-date=30 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930013606/http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/thailandmalay-muslims-1948-present/|archive-date=30 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> It started as an ethnic and religious [[separatist]] [[armed rebellion]] in [[Patani (historical region)]]; Many [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay]] people live there; That region is made up of the three southernmost provinces of Thailand and parts of a fourth province (Songkhla); The conflict has become more complex and more violent since the early 2000s; [[Drug cartel]]s,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://library2.parliament.go.th/ebook/content-issue/2561/hi2561-002.pdf|title=ยาเสพติด : ปัญหาภัยแทรกซ้อนในจังหวัดชายแดนภาคใต้|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=5 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205150145/https://library2.parliament.go.th/ebook/content-issue/2561/hi2561-002.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.matichon.co.th/local/crime/news_1249219|title=ยิ่งจับยิ่งเยอะ รวบแก๊งค้ายาบ้าจังหวัดชายแดนใต้ พร้อมของกลางกว่า 7 แสนเม็ด|date=29 November 2018}}</ref> [[Smuggling|oil smuggling networks]],<ref name="น้ำมันเถื่อน"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/detail/597869|title=ผ่าเครือข่ายน้ำมันเถื่อนใต้ ผลประโยชน์หมื่นล้าน|website=bangkokbiznews.com/|date=8 August 2014}}</ref> and some [[Piracy|pirate]] raids have much to do with the violence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/detail/589207|title=แกะรอยเส้นทาง'เสี่ยโจ้'คนโตชายแดนใต้?|website=bangkokbiznews.com/|date=20 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.posttoday.com/social/local/332694|title=จับ8โจรสลัดปล้นเรืออินโดฯรุกน่านน้ำไทย|website=posttoday.com|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628160524/https://www.posttoday.com/social/local/332694|url-status=dead}}</ref> 57 people died (year 2023), in the conflict.<ref name="acleddata.com">{{cite web |url=https://acleddata.com/ |title=Conflict Index 2024 |website=Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) |access-date=1 March 2020 |archive-date=29 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129091359/https://acleddata.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Other information== Since 2025, using [[cannabis]] for fun, is (again) against the law.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3059036/thailands-cannabis-dreams-go-up-in-smoke. Retrieved 2025-06-29</ref><!--[[cannabis]] has again become a [[controlled substance]];--><ref name=ControlAndCriminalized>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-25 |title=Country bans recreational cannabis again in major blow to tourism |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/southeast-asia/thailand-cannabis-illegal-law-b2776598.html |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> [[Physician]]s and "Thai traditional doctors, [[Chinese medicine]] practitioners and [[pharmacist]]s [are some of those that] can [[authorization|authorise]] cannabis use", according to media.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3059036/thailands-cannabis-dreams-go-up-in-smoke. Retrieved 2025-06-29</ref><!--About the law becoming more strict about drug use. In October 2024, the government said that it will make a [[law]] or "[[regulation]] to tighten control of the production, import, export, sale and possession of [[cannabis]] and [[hemp]] [[extract]]s".--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2880868/cannabis-controls-to-be-tightened. Retrieved 2024-10-10</ref><!--Earlier (September 2024), media said that the country's [[lawmaker]]s were going to vote about a new law about use of [[cannabis]]; The [[law proposal]] says that "anyone who [... uses] cannabis or its [[extract]]s for uses not specified in the bill will face a fine of up to 60,000 baht"; Furthermore, the law proposal is also about putting limits on " marijuana uses to primarily [[health]] and [[medical]] purposes".--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2869153/thailand-unveils-new-bill-to-regulate-cannabis-while-keeping-it-legal. Retrieved 2024-09-20</ref><!--Authorities have said that from the first day of 2025, [[cannabis]] will be outlawed (again).--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2823881/cannabis-set-to-return-to-illegal-drugs-list-after-vote. [[Bangkok Post]]. Retrieved 2024-07-06</ref><!-- However, media said (July 2024) that new rules about [[criminalising]] cannabis (again), still have to [get [[approval]] from, or] "clear the [[Narcotics Control Board]];--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2834332/thailand-signals-another-u-turn-on-cannabis. Retrieved 2024-07-23</ref> [[Environmental issues]]: [[Industrial growth]] has created (much or) high levels of air pollution in Thailand. Vehicles and factories (give or) contribute to air pollution. Measurement of ''PM 2.5 pollution'' is one of the ways of measuring [[air pollution]]; In that way, the [[particulate]]s (in the atmosphere), that are smaller than 2.5 microns, get measured.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2943465/unsafe-pm2-5-levels-blanket-64-provinces. Retrieved 2025-01-20</ref> == References == === Footnotes === {{reflist|2|refs= <ref name=CIA>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html Thailand], CIA World Factbook.</ref> }} === Further reading === * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/th.html The United States CIA website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050612084026/http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/th.html |date=2005-06-12 }} == Other websites == {{sisterlinks|Thailand|voy=Thailand}} * [http://www.thaigov.go.th/ Thaigov.go.th Royal Government of Thailand] * [http://www.tourismthailand.org/ Tourism Authority of Thailand] Official tourism website * [http://www.parliament.go.th/files/mainpage.htm Thai National Assembly] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513022240/http://www.parliament.go.th/files/mainpage.htm |date=2008-05-13 }} Official Thai Parliament website * [http://www.mfa.go.th/ Mfa.go.th] Thailand Ministry of Foreign Affairs * [http://www.thaibirding.com Birdwatching in Thailand] * [http://www.learnthaiculture.com Learn Thai Culture.com] * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html CIA - The World Factbook - Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229000203/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html |date=2010-12-29 }} * [http://www.commonlanguageproject.net/?page_id=41#Thailand Thailand Country Fact Sheet] from the Common Language Project * [http://map.longdo.com/ Longdo Map Thailand] On-line Thailand map * [http://www.holiday-thai.com/ Holidays Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411000216/http://www.holiday-thai.com/ |date=2008-04-11 }} Holidays In Thailand {{Asia}} {{ASEAN}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Thailand| ]] [[Category:Current monarchies]] [[Category:Monarchies of Asia]] [[Category:1932 establishments in Asia]] b0h3bfj9dkzmf3td6msnbrfxdpblai3 10367946 10367937 2025-07-02T17:09:21Z 2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA 10367946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{redlinks|date=September 2011}} {{Infobox country | native_name = {{ubl|{{native name|th|ราชอาณาจักรไทย|italics=off}}|{{lang|th-Latn|Ratcha-anachak Thai}}|{{native name|th|ประเทศไทย|italics=off}}|{{lang|th-Latn|Prathet Thai}}}} | conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Thailand | common_name = Thailand | image_flag = Flag of Thailand.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Thailand.svg | symbol_type = Emblem | national_anthem = ''[[Thai National Anthem|Phleng Chat Thai]]''<br />({{lang-en|"Thai National Anthem"}})<div style="padding-top:0.5em;">[[File:Thai National Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg|center]]</div> ---- | royal_anthem = ''[[Sansoen Phra Barami]]''<br />({{lang-en|"Glorify His prestige"}})<div style="padding-top:0.5em;">[[File:Thai Royal Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg|center]]</div> | image_map = Location Thailand ASEAN.svg | map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=green|region=[[ASEAN]]|region_color=dark grey|legend=Location Thailand ASEAN.svg}} | capital = {{nowrap|[[Bangkok]] (Thai: ''Krung Thep'')¹}} | coordinates = {{Coord|13|45|N|100|29|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Thai language|Thai]]<!--Note: Central Thai is also the national language. --><ref name="CIA">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/thailand/ "Thailand"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610164345/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/thailand/|date=10 June 2021}}, ''The World Factbook''.</ref><!--Thai is the official language. English is a non-official secondary language.--> | languages = [[Central Thai language|Central Thai]], [[Isan language|Isan]], [[Northern Thai language|Lanna (Northern Thai)]], [[Southern Thai language|Dambro (Southern Thai)]], [[Karenic languages|Karen]], [[Kelantan-Pattani Malay|Pattani Malay]], [[Bangkok Malay]], [[Teochew dialect|Teochew]], [[Hokkien]] | languages_type = Spoken languages | languages_sub = yes | ethnic_groups = {{tree list}} *80% [[Thai people|Thai]] **37% Thai (Central Thai) **25% [[Isan people|Thai Lao (Northeastern Thai)]] **8% [[Northern Thai people|Lanna (Northern Thai)]] **8% [[Southern Thai language|Dambro (Southern Thai)]] **2% (Western Thai) * 12% [[Thai Chinese]] * 4% [[Khmer people|Khmer]] * 4% [[Thai Malays|Malays]] {{tree list/end}} | languages2_type = [[Official script]]s | languages2 = [[Thai alphabet]] | ethnic_groups = [[Thai people|Thai]] (75%)<br> {{*}}Northeastern Thai ([[Lao people|Isan]]) (34.2%)<br> {{*}}Central Thai (33.7%)<br> {{*}}Southern Thai (13.3%)<br> [[Thai Chinese|Chinese]] (14%)<br> [[Northern Khmer people|Khmer]] (4%)<br> [[Malay people|Malay]] (4%)<br> [[India people|Tamil]] (3%)<br> Other (1%) | ethnic_groups_year = 2009<ref name=CIA/><ref>{{Citation |first=Barbara A. |last=West |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania |publisher=Facts on File |year=2009 |page=794}}</ref> | demonym = Thai | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary democracy]] and [[constitutional monarchy]] | leader_title1 = Monarch | leader_name1 = [[Vajiralongkorn|Maha Vajiralongkorn]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Thailand|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] ([[suspension|suspended]])<ref name=PaetongtarnPM>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2848292/paetongtarn-shinawatra-elected-thailands-31st-prime-minister. Retrieved 2024-08-16</ref><br>[[Suriya Juangroongruangkit]] (acting) | legislature = [[National Assembly of Thailand|National Assembly]] | upper_house = [[Senate of Thailand|Senate]] | lower_house = {{nowrap|[[House of Representatives of Thailand|House of Representatives]]}} | sovereignty_type = [[History of Thailand|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Sukhothai Kingdom]] | established_date1 = 1238–1448 | established_event2 = [[Ayutthaya Kingdom]] | established_date2 = 1351–1767 | established_event3 = [[Thonburi Kingdom]] | established_date3 = 1768–1782 | established_event4 = [[Rattanakosin Kingdom]] | established_date4 = 6 April 1782 | established_event5 = {{nowrap|[[Siamese revolution of 1932|Constitutional monarchy]]}} | established_date5 = 24 June 1932 | established_event6 = [[2007 Constitution of Thailand|2007 Constitution]] | established_date6 = 24 August 2007 | area_rank = 51st | area_km2 = 513,120 | area_sq_mi = 198,115 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 0.4 (2,230 km²) | population_estimate = 66,720,153²<ref>{{cite web|url=http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf|title=|date=16 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716001724/http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf|archive-date=2011-07-16}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 20th | population_estimate_year = 2011 | population_census = 65,479,453<ref>National Statistics Office. "100th anniversary of population censuses in Thailand: Population and housing census 2010: 11th census of Thailand" (in Thai), online accessible at: [http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712002347/http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc |date=2012-07-12 }}, retrieved on 30 January 2012.</ref> | population_census_year = 2010 | population_density_km2 = 132.1 | population_density_sq_mi = 342 <!--Do remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 88th | GDP_PPP = $616.783 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=61&pr.y=20&sy=2010&ey=2015&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=578&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Report for Thailand|work=World Economic Outlook Database|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|accessdate=25 July 2011}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = 24th | GDP_PPP_year = 2011 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $9,598<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 84th | GDP_nominal = $332.47 billion<ref name=imf2/> <!--Do not edit!--> | GDP_nominal_rank = 30th | GDP_nominal_year = 2011 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $5,174<ref name=imf2/> <!--Do not edit!--> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 89th | Gini = 42.5 | Gini_rank = | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |title=Human Development Report |publisher=UNDP |year=2009 |accessdate=27 October 2011 |archive-date=16 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116234423/http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | Gini_year = 2009 | HDI = 0.682 | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNDP">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Tables.pdf|title= Human Development Report 2011 – Human development statistical annex|publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]]|pages=127–130|accessdate=2 November 2011}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 103rd | HDI_year = 2011 | currency = [[Thai baht|Baht]] (฿) | currency_code = THB | time_zone = | utc_offset = +7 | time_zone_DST = | DST_note = | utc_offset_DST = <!-- +N, where N is number of hours --> | cctld = [[.th]], [[.ไทย]] | drives_on = left | calling_code = [[+66]] | footnotes = <!--for any generic non-numbered footnotes--> | footnote1 = {{note|1}}Thai name: กรุงเทพมหานคร ''Krung Thep Maha Nakhon'' or ''Krung Thep''. The full name is กรุงเทพมหานคร อมรรัตนโกสินทร์ มหินทรายุทธยา มหาดิลกภพ นพรัตนราชธานีบุรีรมย์ อุดมราชนิเวศน์มหาสถาน อมรพิมานอวตารสถิต สักกะทัตติยะวิษณุกรรมประสิทธิ์ ''Krung Thep Mahanakhon Amon Rattanakosin Mahinthara Yuthaya Mahadilok Phop Noppharat Ratchathani Burirom Udomratchaniwet Mahasathan Amon Phiman Awatan Sathit Sakkathattiya Witsanukam Prasit''. | footnote2 = {{note|2}}According to the Department of Provincial Administration's [http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf official register], not taking into account unregistered citizens and immigrants. }} '''Thailand''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|aɪ|l|æ|n|d}} {{respell|TY|land}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|aɪ|l|ə|n|d}} {{respell|TY|lənd}};<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thailand |title=Merriam-Webster Online |publisher=Merriam-webster.com |date=25 April 2007 |accessdate=25 April 2010}}</ref> {{lang-th|ประเทศไทย}}, {{RTGS|Prathet Thai}}), officially the '''Kingdom of Thailand''' ({{lang-th|ราชอาณาจักรไทย}}, {{RTGS|Ratcha Anachak Thai}}; {{IPA-th|râːt.tɕʰā ʔāːnāːtɕàk tʰāj|IPA|Th-pratheidthai raachaanaajakthai.ogg}}<!--See and listen here: http://www.thai-language.com/id/210678-->), is a [[country]] in [[Southeast Asia]]. Its neighbours are [[Laos]], [[Cambodia]], [[Malaysia]], and [[Myanmar]]. Its name was '''Siam''' until [[June 24|June]] [[1939]]<ref name="ThaiCSM">[https://archive.today/20120729065613/http://www.csmngt.com/thailand_history.htm Thailand (Siam) History], CSMngt-Thai.</ref> and between 1945 and [[May 11]] [[1949]]. The word Thai (ไทย) comes from the ethnic group in the center of Thailand. Thailand is a [[constitutional monarchy]]. It has a [[King]] as a [[head of state]], who is [[Vajiralongkorn]] at the moment. Most people here (95 percent) follow the [[philosophy]] called [[Buddhism]]. Smaller number of people (4.4%), mostly to the south, follow [[Islam]]. Other religions in Thailand are [[Christianity]], [[Hinduism]], and [[Sikhism]]. [[Population]]: the total [[fertility rate]] was 1.3 (in 2022).<ref>https://datatopics.worldbank.org/world-development-indicators/. Retrieved 2025-07-02</ref><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2264075/low-birth-rate-worries-experts. Retrieved 15 Februar 2022</ref> Geography: The highest mountain is at 2,565 m (8,415 ft), [[:en:Doi_Inthanon|Doi Inthanon]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Doi_Inthanon picture].) The prime minister is [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] (since August 2024).<ref name=PaetongtarnPM/> ==History== A Buddhist kingdom named [[Sukhothai]] was founded here in [[1238]]. A century later, a bigger kingdom named Ayuthaya appeared south of Sukhothai. Later Sukhothai became a part of Ayuthaya. Ayuthaya existed for more than 400 years before its fall by the attack of a [[Burma|Burmese]] kingdom. A soldier of [[Chinese people|Chinese]] origin then founded a new capital city at Thonburi, and became King Tāksin. The founding of [[Bangkok]] as the capital city, was the start of the [[Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)]]. It was founded by King [[Rama I]] of the Chakri Dynasty<!--The current era, Rattanakosin, started on founding by King Rama I of Chakri Dynasty-->. Before [[1932]], Thailand was an [[absolute monarchy]]. On [[June 24]], 1932, a group of people did a [[coup]] and changed Thailand to a [[constitutional monarchy]]. It was not until [[1973]] that Thai people voted for a [[Prime Minister]] in an [[election]].<!--There were [[coup]]s both before and after this year.--> In 1951, there was a failed coup - the Manhattan Rebellion.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/1290939/shifting-thai-alliances-in-the-21st-century|title=Shifting Thai alliances in the 21st century|first=Bangkok Post Public Company|last=Limited|newspaper=Bangkok Post}}</ref> On [[September 19]], [[2006]], the army did a coup d'état and took control from [[Thaksin Shinawatra]]'s government. In May 2014, a new military coup d'état removed another government. In October [[2016]], [[Vajiralongkorn|Rama X]] became the new king. Between 1932 and 2014, Thailand had 12 coup d'etats. The [[2025 Cambodian–Thai border crisis]] started in May 2025; One Cambodian soldier was killed.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3044755/cambodian-troops-agree-to-retreat-from-thai-border#google_vignette. Retrieved 2025-06-09</ref> The conflict had not ended by the last week of June.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3056862/border-closure-spares-students-but-hits-local-business-hard. Retrieved 2025-06-25</ref><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3044826/cambodian-troops-agree-to-withdraw?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2025-06-09</ref> ==Provinces== Thailand is made up of 76 [[province]]s (จังหวัด, changwat), put into 5 groups. There are 2 specially governed districts: the capital Bangkok and Pattaya. The 76 provinces including Bangkok are as follows: [[File:Thailand provinces.png|right|250 px|thumb|Thailand provinces]] [[File:Thailand map CIA.png|right|thumb|Map of Thailand]] === Central === # [[Ang Thong Province|Ang Thong]] # [[Bangkok|Bangkok (Krung Thep Maha Nakhon)]], Special Governed District of # [[Chainat Province|Chai Nat]] # [[Kanchanaburi Province|Kanchanaburi]] # [[Lopburi Province|Lopburi]] # [[Nakhon Nayok Province|Nakhon Nayok]] # [[Nakhon Pathom Province|Nakhon Pathom]] # [[Nonthaburi Province|Nonthaburi]] # [[Pathum Thani Province|Pathum Thani]] # [[Phetchaburi Province|Phetchaburi]] # [[Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya]] # [[Prachuap Khiri Khan]] # [[Ratchaburi Province|Ratchaburi]] # [[Samut Prakan]] # [[Samut Sakhon]] # [[Samut Songkhram]] # [[Saraburi]] # [[Sing Buri]] # [[Suphan Buri]] === East === # [[Chachoengsao]] # [[Chanthaburi]] # [[Chonburi]] # [[Prachinburi]] # [[Rayong]] # [[Sa Kaeo]] # [[Trat]] === North === # [[Chiang Mai Province|Chiang Mai]] # [[Chiang Rai]] # [[Kamphaeng Phet Province|Kamphaeng Phet]] # [[Lampang Province|Lampang]] # [[Lamphun]] # [[Mae Hong Son]] # [[Nakhon Sawan]] # [[Nan]] # [[Phayao]] # [[Phetchabun Province|Phetchabun]] # [[Phichit]] # [[Phitsanulok]] # [[Phrae]] # [[Sukhothai]] # [[Tak Province|Tak]] # [[Uthai Thani]] # [[Uttaradit]] [[File:Chmwphrasingh0506e.jpg|right|thumb|222px|upright|Wat Phra Sing, [[Chiang Mai Province]] ]] === Northeast (Isan) === # [[Amnat Charoen]] # [[Bueng Kan]] # [[Buriram|Buri Ram]] # [[Chaiyaphum Province|Chaiyaphum]] # [[Kalasin]] # [[Khon Kaen]] # [[Loei Province|Loei]] # [[Maha Sarakham]] # [[Mukdahan]] # [[Nakhon Phanom]] # [[Nakhon Ratchasima Province|Nakhon Ratchasima]] # [[Nong Bua Lamphu]] # [[Nong Khai]] # [[Roi Et]] # [[Sakon Nakhon]] # [[Si Sa Ket]] # [[Surin]] # [[Ubon Ratchathani]] # [[Udon Thani]] # [[Yasothon]] === South === # [[Chumphon Province|Chumphon]] # [[Krabi]] # [[Nakhon Si Thammarat]] # [[Narathiwat]] # [[Pattani]] # [[Phang Nga province|Phang Nga]] # [[Phatthalung]] # [[Phuket]] # [[Rayong|Ranong]] # [[Satun]] # [[Songkhla]] # [[Surat Thani]] # [[Trang Province|Trang]] # [[Yala]]<!--'''NOTE''': In ''italics'' [1], that province is about the '''Greater Bangkok''' sub-region; in ''italics'' [2], that province is about the '''West''' sub-region.--> ==Economy== The [[economy]] of Thailand "is based on trade and [[investment]] in the [[agriculture|agricultural]] and [[tourism]] sectors, according to media.<ref name="ForeignDirectInvestment">https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2599545/horns-of-a-dilemma. [[Bangkok Post]]. Retrieved 2023-06-26</ref> In 2022, the country with investors that invested the most in Thailand, was Japan; Chinese investors had the second place.<ref name=ForeignDirectInvestment/> Industry had a contribution to the [[GDP]], of 43.9 percent (in 2007), and 14 percent of the workforce are in that sector (of the economy). Within that sector, ''[[manufacturing]]'' was the biggest part, and it had a contribution (to the GDP), with 34.5 (in 2004). As of 2025's first quarter, media said that there is "weakness [...] in the manufacturing sector, especially [[automotive]], [[petrochemical]]s and construction materials".<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/2969963/thai-growth-outlook-remains-stable. Retrieved 2025-02-28</ref> [[Agriculture in Thailand]]: Rice is the country's most important crop; Some 60 percent of Thailand's 13 million farmers grow that, according to media (2017). Amount of crops produced: [[sugarcane]];<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3010352/thai-firms-halt-syrup-production-as-chinas-ban-drags-on. Retrieved 2025-04-24</ref> [c. 104 million tons] or 104.3 million tons was harvested in 2018 (4th largest producer in the world); Rice, [c. 32 million tons or] 32.1 million tons (6th largest producer in the world); [[Cassava]], 31.6 million tons (2nd largest producer in the world). "The Thai-US trade volume has been roughly 6.0% of GDP", but on top of that significant amounts of Chinese goods are getting labels ''Made in Thailand'', while in many cases the goods were actually Made in China, according to media.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/3026007/thai-us-trade-talks-are-likely-to-fail?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2025-05-15</ref> "The US was Thailand's largest export market" in 2024; The U.S. imported things for $55 billion.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3024546/thailand-has-sent-trade-proposal-to-united-states-pm-says. Retrieved 2025-05-13</ref> The [[GDP growth]] (year 2024), was 2.5%.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/3036940/thailand-has-lost-its-last-growth-engine. Retrieved 2025-05-29</ref> In regard to trade with Cambodia: Exports were at 1.05 trillion baht (2024); Imports were at 767 billion baht.<ref name=ScrapMetal/> In regard to things that go thru border [[checkpoint]]s on the Cambodian-Thai border: "The largest [[volume]] of [things or] items included cassava and [[scrap metal]] needed for [[industrial processing]]", according to media in 2025.<ref name=ScrapMetal>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3060454/cambodia-spat-expected-to-cost-border-trade-b60bn. Retrieved 2025-06-30</ref> In regard to the political "struggle [as of July 2025] to find a new prime minister, ... a political deadlock ... could [put in danger, or] jeopardise the country’s already [weak economy or] [[fragility|fragile]] economic situation", according to media.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3062022/paetongtarn-shinawatras-suspension-deals-new-blow-to-thailands-battered-economy. Retrieved 2025-07-02</ref> In 2014, [[Credit Suisse]] reported that Thailand was the world's third most unequal country, behind Russia and India.<ref name="BBC 2017" /> The top 10% richest held 79% of the country's assets.<ref name="BBC 2017" /> The top 1% held 58% of the assets.<ref name="BBC 2017">{{Cite news |last=พงศ์พิพัฒน์ บัญชานนท์ |date=18 June 2017 |script-title=th:ยิ่งนานยิ่งถ่าง ช่องว่างทางรายได้ ปัญหาใหญ่ที่รอ คสช. แก้ |language=th |work=[[BBC]] Thailand |url=http://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-40317663 |url-status=live |access-date=25 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514163313/https://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-40317663 |archive-date=14 May 2018}}</ref> ==Government== The acting prime minister is [[Suriya Juangroongruangkit]] (as of July 2025); [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] is [[suspension|suspended]].<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3062022/paetongtarn-shinawatras-suspension-deals-new-blow-to-thailands-battered-economy. Retrieved 2025-07-02</ref> Earlier (September 2024), new members of the [[Cabinet of Thailand]] got [[approval]] from the king .<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2859376/king-endorses-new-cabinet. Retrieved 2024-09-04</ref> The Cabinet members include *''foreign minister'' or [[minister of foreign affairs]]<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/2872893/thai-foreign-policy-needs-new-rudder?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2024-09-27</ref> *[[Ministry_of_Natural_Resources_and_Environment_(Thailand)|minister of natural resources and environment]].<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2859701/minister-faces-probe-regarding-state-land. Retrieved 2024-09-05</ref> *[[Narumon Pinyosinwat|Agriculture and Cooperatives Minister]]<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2862031/thamanat-chaperones-new-minister-on-flood-inspection. Retrieved 2024-09-09</ref> ==Armed conflict in the provinces Narathiwat, Pattani, and Yala== The [[South Thailand armed rebellion]] has its [[origin]]s from 1948;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/thailandmalay-muslims-1948-present/ |title=Thailand/Malay Muslims (1948–present) |publisher=University of Central Arkansas|access-date=30 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930013606/http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/thailandmalay-muslims-1948-present/|archive-date=30 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> It started as an ethnic and religious [[separatist]] [[armed rebellion]] in [[Patani (historical region)]]; Many [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay]] people live there; That region is made up of the three southernmost provinces of Thailand and parts of a fourth province (Songkhla); The conflict has become more complex and more violent since the early 2000s; [[Drug cartel]]s,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://library2.parliament.go.th/ebook/content-issue/2561/hi2561-002.pdf|title=ยาเสพติด : ปัญหาภัยแทรกซ้อนในจังหวัดชายแดนภาคใต้|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=5 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205150145/https://library2.parliament.go.th/ebook/content-issue/2561/hi2561-002.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.matichon.co.th/local/crime/news_1249219|title=ยิ่งจับยิ่งเยอะ รวบแก๊งค้ายาบ้าจังหวัดชายแดนใต้ พร้อมของกลางกว่า 7 แสนเม็ด|date=29 November 2018}}</ref> [[Smuggling|oil smuggling networks]],<ref name="น้ำมันเถื่อน"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/detail/597869|title=ผ่าเครือข่ายน้ำมันเถื่อนใต้ ผลประโยชน์หมื่นล้าน|website=bangkokbiznews.com/|date=8 August 2014}}</ref> and some [[Piracy|pirate]] raids have much to do with the violence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/detail/589207|title=แกะรอยเส้นทาง'เสี่ยโจ้'คนโตชายแดนใต้?|website=bangkokbiznews.com/|date=20 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.posttoday.com/social/local/332694|title=จับ8โจรสลัดปล้นเรืออินโดฯรุกน่านน้ำไทย|website=posttoday.com|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628160524/https://www.posttoday.com/social/local/332694|url-status=dead}}</ref> 57 people died (year 2023), in the conflict.<ref name="acleddata.com">{{cite web |url=https://acleddata.com/ |title=Conflict Index 2024 |website=Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) |access-date=1 March 2020 |archive-date=29 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129091359/https://acleddata.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Other information== Since 2025, using [[cannabis]] for fun, is (again) against the law.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3059036/thailands-cannabis-dreams-go-up-in-smoke. Retrieved 2025-06-29</ref><!--[[cannabis]] has again become a [[controlled substance]];--><ref name=ControlAndCriminalized>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-25 |title=Country bans recreational cannabis again in major blow to tourism |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/southeast-asia/thailand-cannabis-illegal-law-b2776598.html |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> [[Physician]]s and "Thai traditional doctors, [[Chinese medicine]] practitioners and [[pharmacist]]s [are some of those that] can [[authorization|authorise]] cannabis use", according to media.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3059036/thailands-cannabis-dreams-go-up-in-smoke. Retrieved 2025-06-29</ref><!--About the law becoming more strict about drug use. In October 2024, the government said that it will make a [[law]] or "[[regulation]] to tighten control of the production, import, export, sale and possession of [[cannabis]] and [[hemp]] [[extract]]s".--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2880868/cannabis-controls-to-be-tightened. Retrieved 2024-10-10</ref><!--Earlier (September 2024), media said that the country's [[lawmaker]]s were going to vote about a new law about use of [[cannabis]]; The [[law proposal]] says that "anyone who [... uses] cannabis or its [[extract]]s for uses not specified in the bill will face a fine of up to 60,000 baht"; Furthermore, the law proposal is also about putting limits on " marijuana uses to primarily [[health]] and [[medical]] purposes".--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2869153/thailand-unveils-new-bill-to-regulate-cannabis-while-keeping-it-legal. Retrieved 2024-09-20</ref><!--Authorities have said that from the first day of 2025, [[cannabis]] will be outlawed (again).--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2823881/cannabis-set-to-return-to-illegal-drugs-list-after-vote. [[Bangkok Post]]. Retrieved 2024-07-06</ref><!-- However, media said (July 2024) that new rules about [[criminalising]] cannabis (again), still have to [get [[approval]] from, or] "clear the [[Narcotics Control Board]];--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2834332/thailand-signals-another-u-turn-on-cannabis. Retrieved 2024-07-23</ref> [[Environmental issues]]: [[Industrial growth]] has created (much or) high levels of air pollution in Thailand. Vehicles and factories (give or) contribute to air pollution. Measurement of ''PM 2.5 pollution'' is one of the ways of measuring [[air pollution]]; In that way, the [[particulate]]s (in the atmosphere), that are smaller than 2.5 microns, get measured.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2943465/unsafe-pm2-5-levels-blanket-64-provinces. Retrieved 2025-01-20</ref> == References == === Footnotes === {{reflist|2|refs= <ref name=CIA>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html Thailand], CIA World Factbook.</ref> }} === Further reading === * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/th.html The United States CIA website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050612084026/http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/th.html |date=2005-06-12 }} == Other websites == {{sisterlinks|Thailand|voy=Thailand}} * [http://www.thaigov.go.th/ Thaigov.go.th Royal Government of Thailand] * [http://www.tourismthailand.org/ Tourism Authority of Thailand] Official tourism website * [http://www.parliament.go.th/files/mainpage.htm Thai National Assembly] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513022240/http://www.parliament.go.th/files/mainpage.htm |date=2008-05-13 }} Official Thai Parliament website * [http://www.mfa.go.th/ Mfa.go.th] Thailand Ministry of Foreign Affairs * [http://www.thaibirding.com Birdwatching in Thailand] * [http://www.learnthaiculture.com Learn Thai Culture.com] * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html CIA - The World Factbook - Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229000203/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html |date=2010-12-29 }} * [http://www.commonlanguageproject.net/?page_id=41#Thailand Thailand Country Fact Sheet] from the Common Language Project * [http://map.longdo.com/ Longdo Map Thailand] On-line Thailand map * [http://www.holiday-thai.com/ Holidays Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411000216/http://www.holiday-thai.com/ |date=2008-04-11 }} Holidays In Thailand {{Asia}} {{ASEAN}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Thailand| ]] [[Category:Current monarchies]] [[Category:Monarchies of Asia]] [[Category:1932 establishments in Asia]] rf5w3lidz4uo25nvsy597jbkibg2v7w 10367966 10367946 2025-07-02T17:19:02Z 2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA Also, i put back what user:BigKrow had removed, without making an Edit-remark 10367966 wikitext text/x-wiki {{redlinks|date=September 2011}} {{Infobox country | native_name = {{ubl|{{native name|th|ราชอาณาจักรไทย|italics=off}}|{{lang|th-Latn|Ratcha-anachak Thai}}|{{native name|th|ประเทศไทย|italics=off}}|{{lang|th-Latn|Prathet Thai}}}} | conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Thailand | common_name = Thailand | image_flag = Flag of Thailand.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Thailand.svg | symbol_type = Emblem | national_anthem = ''[[Thai National Anthem|Phleng Chat Thai]]''<br />({{lang-en|"Thai National Anthem"}})<div style="padding-top:0.5em;">[[File:Thai National Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg|center]]</div> ---- | royal_anthem = ''[[Sansoen Phra Barami]]''<br />({{lang-en|"Glorify His prestige"}})<div style="padding-top:0.5em;">[[File:Thai Royal Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg|center]]</div> | image_map = Location Thailand ASEAN.svg | map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=green|region=[[ASEAN]]|region_color=dark grey|legend=Location Thailand ASEAN.svg}} | capital = {{nowrap|[[Bangkok]] (Thai: ''Krung Thep'')¹}} | coordinates = {{Coord|13|45|N|100|29|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Thai language|Thai]]<!--Note: Central Thai is also the national language. --><ref name="CIA">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/thailand/ "Thailand"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610164345/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/thailand/|date=10 June 2021}}, ''The World Factbook''.</ref><!--Thai is the official language. English is a non-official secondary language.--> | languages = [[Central Thai language|Central Thai]], [[Isan language|Isan]], [[Northern Thai language|Lanna (Northern Thai)]], [[Southern Thai language|Dambro (Southern Thai)]], [[Karenic languages|Karen]], [[Kelantan-Pattani Malay|Pattani Malay]], [[Bangkok Malay]], [[Teochew dialect|Teochew]], [[Hokkien]] | languages_type = Spoken languages | languages_sub = yes | ethnic_groups = {{tree list}} *80% [[Thai people|Thai]] **37% Thai (Central Thai) **25% [[Isan people|Thai Lao (Northeastern Thai)]] **8% [[Northern Thai people|Lanna (Northern Thai)]] **8% [[Southern Thai language|Dambro (Southern Thai)]] **2% (Western Thai) * 12% [[Thai Chinese]] * 4% [[Khmer people|Khmer]] * 4% [[Thai Malays|Malays]] {{tree list/end}} | languages2_type = [[Official script]]s | languages2 = [[Thai alphabet]] | ethnic_groups = [[Thai people|Thai]] (75%)<br> {{*}}Northeastern Thai ([[Lao people|Isan]]) (34.2%)<br> {{*}}Central Thai (33.7%)<br> {{*}}Southern Thai (13.3%)<br> [[Thai Chinese|Chinese]] (14%)<br> [[Northern Khmer people|Khmer]] (4%)<br> [[Malay people|Malay]] (4%)<br> [[India people|Tamil]] (3%)<br> Other (1%) | ethnic_groups_year = 2009<ref name=CIA/><ref>{{Citation |first=Barbara A. |last=West |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania |publisher=Facts on File |year=2009 |page=794}}</ref> | demonym = Thai | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary democracy]] and [[constitutional monarchy]] | leader_title1 = Monarch | leader_name1 = [[Vajiralongkorn|Maha Vajiralongkorn]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Thailand|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] ([[suspension|suspended]])<ref name=PaetongtarnPM>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2848292/paetongtarn-shinawatra-elected-thailands-31st-prime-minister. Retrieved 2024-08-16</ref><br>[[Suriya Juangroongruangkit]] (acting) | legislature = [[National Assembly of Thailand|National Assembly]] | upper_house = [[Senate of Thailand|Senate]] | lower_house = {{nowrap|[[House of Representatives of Thailand|House of Representatives]]}} | sovereignty_type = [[History of Thailand|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Sukhothai Kingdom]] | established_date1 = 1238–1448 | established_event2 = [[Ayutthaya Kingdom]] | established_date2 = 1351–1767 | established_event3 = [[Thonburi Kingdom]] | established_date3 = 1768–1782 | established_event4 = [[Rattanakosin Kingdom]] | established_date4 = 6 April 1782 | established_event5 = {{nowrap|[[Siamese revolution of 1932|Constitutional monarchy]]}} | established_date5 = 24 June 1932 | established_event6 = [[2007 Constitution of Thailand|2007 Constitution]] | established_date6 = 24 August 2007 | area_rank = 51st | area_km2 = 513,120 | area_sq_mi = 198,115 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 0.4 (2,230 km²) | population_estimate = 66,720,153²<ref>{{cite web|url=http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf|title=|date=16 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716001724/http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf|archive-date=2011-07-16}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 20th | population_estimate_year = 2011 | population_census = 65,479,453<ref>National Statistics Office. "100th anniversary of population censuses in Thailand: Population and housing census 2010: 11th census of Thailand" (in Thai), online accessible at: [http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712002347/http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc |date=2012-07-12 }}, retrieved on 30 January 2012.</ref> | population_census_year = 2010 | population_density_km2 = 132.1 | population_density_sq_mi = 342 <!--Do remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 88th | GDP_PPP = $616.783 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=61&pr.y=20&sy=2010&ey=2015&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=578&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Report for Thailand|work=World Economic Outlook Database|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|accessdate=25 July 2011}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = 24th | GDP_PPP_year = 2011 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $9,598<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 84th | GDP_nominal = $332.47 billion<ref name=imf2/> <!--Do not edit!--> | GDP_nominal_rank = 30th | GDP_nominal_year = 2011 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $5,174<ref name=imf2/> <!--Do not edit!--> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 89th | Gini = 42.5 | Gini_rank = | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |title=Human Development Report |publisher=UNDP |year=2009 |accessdate=27 October 2011 |archive-date=16 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116234423/http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | Gini_year = 2009 | HDI = 0.682 | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNDP">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Tables.pdf|title= Human Development Report 2011 – Human development statistical annex|publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]]|pages=127–130|accessdate=2 November 2011}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 103rd | HDI_year = 2011 | currency = [[Thai baht|Baht]] (฿) | currency_code = THB | time_zone = | utc_offset = +7 | time_zone_DST = | DST_note = | utc_offset_DST = <!-- +N, where N is number of hours --> | cctld = [[.th]], [[.ไทย]] | drives_on = left | calling_code = [[+66]] | footnotes = <!--for any generic non-numbered footnotes--> | footnote1 = {{note|1}}Thai name: กรุงเทพมหานคร ''Krung Thep Maha Nakhon'' or ''Krung Thep''. The full name is กรุงเทพมหานคร อมรรัตนโกสินทร์ มหินทรายุทธยา มหาดิลกภพ นพรัตนราชธานีบุรีรมย์ อุดมราชนิเวศน์มหาสถาน อมรพิมานอวตารสถิต สักกะทัตติยะวิษณุกรรมประสิทธิ์ ''Krung Thep Mahanakhon Amon Rattanakosin Mahinthara Yuthaya Mahadilok Phop Noppharat Ratchathani Burirom Udomratchaniwet Mahasathan Amon Phiman Awatan Sathit Sakkathattiya Witsanukam Prasit''. | footnote2 = {{note|2}}According to the Department of Provincial Administration's [http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf official register], not taking into account unregistered citizens and immigrants. }} '''Thailand''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|aɪ|l|æ|n|d}} {{respell|TY|land}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|aɪ|l|ə|n|d}} {{respell|TY|lənd}};<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thailand |title=Merriam-Webster Online |publisher=Merriam-webster.com |date=25 April 2007 |accessdate=25 April 2010}}</ref> {{lang-th|ประเทศไทย}}, {{RTGS|Prathet Thai}}), officially the '''Kingdom of Thailand''' ({{lang-th|ราชอาณาจักรไทย}}, {{RTGS|Ratcha Anachak Thai}}; {{IPA-th|râːt.tɕʰā ʔāːnāːtɕàk tʰāj|IPA|Th-pratheidthai raachaanaajakthai.ogg}}<!--See and listen here: http://www.thai-language.com/id/210678-->), is a [[country]] in [[Southeast Asia]]. Its neighbours are [[Laos]], [[Cambodia]], [[Malaysia]], and [[Myanmar]]. Its name was '''Siam''' until [[June 24|June]] [[1939]]<ref name="ThaiCSM">[https://archive.today/20120729065613/http://www.csmngt.com/thailand_history.htm Thailand (Siam) History], CSMngt-Thai.</ref> and between 1945 and [[May 11]] [[1949]]. The word Thai (ไทย) comes from the ethnic group in the center of Thailand. Thailand is a [[constitutional monarchy]]. It has a [[King]] as a [[head of state]], who is [[Vajiralongkorn]] at the moment. Most people here (95 percent) follow the [[philosophy]] called [[Buddhism]]. Smaller number of people (4.4%), mostly to the south, follow [[Islam]]. Other religions in Thailand are [[Christianity]], [[Hinduism]], and [[Sikhism]]. [[Population]]: the total [[fertility rate]] was 1.3 (in 2022).<ref>https://datatopics.worldbank.org/world-development-indicators/. Retrieved 2025-07-02</ref><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2264075/low-birth-rate-worries-experts. Retrieved 15 Februar 2022</ref> Geography: The highest mountain is at 2,565 m (8,415 ft), [[:en:Doi_Inthanon|Doi Inthanon]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Doi_Inthanon picture].) The prime minister is [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] (since August 2024).<ref name=PaetongtarnPM/> ==History== A Buddhist kingdom named [[Sukhothai]] was founded here in [[1238]]. A century later, a bigger kingdom named Ayuthaya appeared south of Sukhothai. Later Sukhothai became a part of Ayuthaya. Ayuthaya existed for more than 400 years before its fall by the attack of a [[Burma|Burmese]] kingdom. A soldier of [[Chinese people|Chinese]] origin then founded a new capital city at Thonburi, and became King Tāksin. The founding of [[Bangkok]] as the capital city, was the start of the [[Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)]]. It was founded by King [[Rama I]] of the Chakri Dynasty<!--The current era, Rattanakosin, started on founding by King Rama I of Chakri Dynasty-->. Before [[1932]], Thailand was an [[absolute monarchy]]. On [[June 24]], 1932, a group of people did a [[coup]] and changed Thailand to a [[constitutional monarchy]]. It was not until [[1973]] that Thai people voted for a [[Prime Minister]] in an [[election]].<!--There were [[coup]]s both before and after this year.--> In 1951, there was a failed coup - the Manhattan Rebellion.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/1290939/shifting-thai-alliances-in-the-21st-century|title=Shifting Thai alliances in the 21st century|first=Bangkok Post Public Company|last=Limited|newspaper=Bangkok Post}}</ref> On [[September 19]], [[2006]], the army did a coup d'état and took control from [[Thaksin Shinawatra]]'s government. In May 2014, a new military coup d'état removed another government. In October [[2016]], [[Vajiralongkorn|Rama X]] became the new king. Between 1932 and 2014, Thailand had 12 coup d'etats. The [[2025 Cambodian–Thai border crisis]] started in May 2025; One Cambodian soldier was killed.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3044755/cambodian-troops-agree-to-retreat-from-thai-border#google_vignette. Retrieved 2025-06-09</ref> The conflict had not ended by the last week of June.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3056862/border-closure-spares-students-but-hits-local-business-hard. Retrieved 2025-06-25</ref><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3044826/cambodian-troops-agree-to-withdraw?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2025-06-09</ref> ==Provinces== Thailand is made up of 76 [[province]]s (จังหวัด, changwat), put into 5 groups. There are 2 specially governed districts: the capital Bangkok and Pattaya. The 76 provinces including Bangkok are as follows: [[File:Thailand provinces.png|right|250 px|thumb|Thailand provinces]] [[File:Thailand map CIA.png|right|thumb|Map of Thailand]] === Central === # [[Ang Thong Province|Ang Thong]] # [[Bangkok|Bangkok (Krung Thep Maha Nakhon)]], Special Governed District of # [[Chainat Province|Chai Nat]] # [[Kanchanaburi Province|Kanchanaburi]] # [[Lopburi Province|Lopburi]] # [[Nakhon Nayok Province|Nakhon Nayok]] # [[Nakhon Pathom Province|Nakhon Pathom]] # [[Nonthaburi Province|Nonthaburi]] # [[Pathum Thani Province|Pathum Thani]] # [[Phetchaburi Province|Phetchaburi]] # [[Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya]] # [[Prachuap Khiri Khan]] # [[Ratchaburi Province|Ratchaburi]] # [[Samut Prakan]] # [[Samut Sakhon]] # [[Samut Songkhram]] # [[Saraburi]] # [[Sing Buri]] # [[Suphan Buri]] === East === # [[Chachoengsao]] # [[Chanthaburi]] # [[Chonburi]] # [[Prachinburi]] # [[Rayong]] # [[Sa Kaeo]] # [[Trat]] === North === # [[Chiang Mai Province|Chiang Mai]] # [[Chiang Rai]] # [[Kamphaeng Phet Province|Kamphaeng Phet]] # [[Lampang Province|Lampang]] # [[Lamphun]] # [[Mae Hong Son]] # [[Nakhon Sawan]] # [[Nan]] # [[Phayao]] # [[Phetchabun Province|Phetchabun]] # [[Phichit]] # [[Phitsanulok]] # [[Phrae]] # [[Sukhothai]] # [[Tak Province|Tak]] # [[Uthai Thani]] # [[Uttaradit]] [[File:Chmwphrasingh0506e.jpg|right|thumb|222px|upright|Wat Phra Sing, [[Chiang Mai Province]] ]] === Northeast (Isan) === # [[Amnat Charoen]] # [[Bueng Kan]] # [[Buriram|Buri Ram]] # [[Chaiyaphum Province|Chaiyaphum]] # [[Kalasin]] # [[Khon Kaen]] # [[Loei Province|Loei]] # [[Maha Sarakham]] # [[Mukdahan]] # [[Nakhon Phanom]] # [[Nakhon Ratchasima Province|Nakhon Ratchasima]] # [[Nong Bua Lamphu]] # [[Nong Khai]] # [[Roi Et]] # [[Sakon Nakhon]] # [[Si Sa Ket]] # [[Surin]] # [[Ubon Ratchathani]] # [[Udon Thani]] # [[Yasothon]] === South === # [[Chumphon Province|Chumphon]] # [[Krabi]] # [[Nakhon Si Thammarat]] # [[Narathiwat]] # [[Pattani]] # [[Phang Nga province|Phang Nga]] # [[Phatthalung]] # [[Phuket]] # [[Rayong|Ranong]] # [[Satun]] # [[Songkhla]] # [[Surat Thani]] # [[Trang Province|Trang]] # [[Yala]]<!--'''NOTE''': In ''italics'' [1], that province is about the '''Greater Bangkok''' sub-region; in ''italics'' [2], that province is about the '''West''' sub-region.--> ==Economy== The [[economy]] of Thailand "is based on trade and [[investment]] in the [[agriculture|agricultural]] and [[tourism]] sectors, according to media.<ref name="ForeignDirectInvestment">https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2599545/horns-of-a-dilemma. [[Bangkok Post]]. Retrieved 2023-06-26</ref> In 2022, the country with investors that invested the most in Thailand, was Japan; Chinese investors had the second place.<ref name=ForeignDirectInvestment/> Industry had a contribution to the [[GDP]], of 43.9 percent (in 2007), and 14 percent of the workforce are in that sector (of the economy). Within that sector, ''[[manufacturing]]'' was the biggest part, and it had a contribution (to the GDP), with 34.5 (in 2004). As of 2025's first quarter, media said that there is "weakness [...] in the manufacturing sector, especially [[automotive]], [[petrochemical]]s and construction materials".<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/2969963/thai-growth-outlook-remains-stable. Retrieved 2025-02-28</ref> [[Agriculture in Thailand]]: Rice is the country's most important crop; Some 60 percent of Thailand's 13 million farmers grow that, according to media (2017). Amount of crops produced: [[sugarcane]];<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3010352/thai-firms-halt-syrup-production-as-chinas-ban-drags-on. Retrieved 2025-04-24</ref> [c. 104 million tons] or 104.3 million tons was harvested in 2018 (4th largest producer in the world); Rice, [c. 32 million tons or] 32.1 million tons (6th largest producer in the world); [[Cassava]], 31.6 million tons (2nd largest producer in the world). "The Thai-US trade volume has been roughly 6.0% of GDP", but on top of that significant amounts of Chinese goods are getting labels ''Made in Thailand'', while in many cases the goods were actually Made in China, according to media.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/3026007/thai-us-trade-talks-are-likely-to-fail?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2025-05-15</ref> "The US was Thailand's largest export market" in 2024; The U.S. imported things for $55 billion.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3024546/thailand-has-sent-trade-proposal-to-united-states-pm-says. Retrieved 2025-05-13</ref> The [[GDP growth]] (year 2024), was 2.5%.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/3036940/thailand-has-lost-its-last-growth-engine. Retrieved 2025-05-29</ref> In regard to trade with Cambodia: Exports were at 1.05 trillion baht (2024); Imports were at 767 billion baht.<ref name=ScrapMetal/> In regard to things that go thru border [[checkpoint]]s on the Cambodian-Thai border: "The largest [[volume]] of [things or] items included cassava and [[scrap metal]] needed for [[industrial processing]]", according to media in 2025.<ref name=ScrapMetal>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3060454/cambodia-spat-expected-to-cost-border-trade-b60bn. Retrieved 2025-06-30</ref> In regard to the political "struggle [as of July 2025] to find a new prime minister, ... a political deadlock ... could [put in danger, or] jeopardise the country’s already [weak economy or] [[fragility|fragile]] economic situation", according to media.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3062022/paetongtarn-shinawatras-suspension-deals-new-blow-to-thailands-battered-economy. Retrieved 2025-07-02</ref> In 2014, [[Credit Suisse]] reported that Thailand was the world's third most unequal country, behind Russia and India.<ref name="BBC 2017" /> The top 10% richest held 79% of the country's assets.<ref name="BBC 2017" /> The top 1% held 58% of the assets.<ref name="BBC 2017">{{Cite news |last=พงศ์พิพัฒน์ บัญชานนท์ |date=18 June 2017 |script-title=th:ยิ่งนานยิ่งถ่าง ช่องว่างทางรายได้ ปัญหาใหญ่ที่รอ คสช. แก้ |language=th |work=[[BBC]] Thailand |url=http://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-40317663 |url-status=live |access-date=25 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514163313/https://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-40317663 |archive-date=14 May 2018}}</ref> ==Government== The acting prime minister is [[Suriya Juangroongruangkit]] (as of July 2025); [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] is [[suspension|suspended]].<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3062022/paetongtarn-shinawatras-suspension-deals-new-blow-to-thailands-battered-economy. Retrieved 2025-07-02</ref> In regard to the (job or ) post as [[Ministry of Culture (Thailand)|Culture minister]]: [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] got (June 30) "royal approval of her new cabinet [where] she was given [one extra job, or] the dual role of minister for culture".<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/3061392/court-suspends-pm-paetongtarn-from-office-in-hun-sen-phone-call-case. Retrieved 2025-07-02</ref> Earlier (September 2024), new members of the [[Cabinet of Thailand]] got [[approval]] from the king;<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2859376/king-endorses-new-cabinet. Retrieved 2024-09-04</ref> Furthermore, "The new cabinet [... is supposed to] be sworn in" on July 3.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3062022/paetongtarn-shinawatras-suspension-deals-new-blow-to-thailands-battered-economy. Retrieved 2025-07-03</ref> The Cabinet members include *''foreign minister'' or [[minister of foreign affairs]]<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/2872893/thai-foreign-policy-needs-new-rudder?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2024-09-27</ref> *[[Ministry_of_Natural_Resources_and_Environment_(Thailand)|minister of natural resources and environment]].<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2859701/minister-faces-probe-regarding-state-land. Retrieved 2024-09-05</ref> *[[Narumon Pinyosinwat|Agriculture and Cooperatives Minister]]<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2862031/thamanat-chaperones-new-minister-on-flood-inspection. Retrieved 2024-09-09</ref> ==Armed conflict in the provinces Narathiwat, Pattani, and Yala== The [[South Thailand armed rebellion]] has its [[origin]]s from 1948;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/thailandmalay-muslims-1948-present/ |title=Thailand/Malay Muslims (1948–present) |publisher=University of Central Arkansas|access-date=30 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930013606/http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/thailandmalay-muslims-1948-present/|archive-date=30 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> It started as an ethnic and religious [[separatist]] [[armed rebellion]] in [[Patani (historical region)]]; Many [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay]] people live there; That region is made up of the three southernmost provinces of Thailand and parts of a fourth province (Songkhla); The conflict has become more complex and more violent since the early 2000s; [[Drug cartel]]s,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://library2.parliament.go.th/ebook/content-issue/2561/hi2561-002.pdf|title=ยาเสพติด : ปัญหาภัยแทรกซ้อนในจังหวัดชายแดนภาคใต้|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=5 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205150145/https://library2.parliament.go.th/ebook/content-issue/2561/hi2561-002.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.matichon.co.th/local/crime/news_1249219|title=ยิ่งจับยิ่งเยอะ รวบแก๊งค้ายาบ้าจังหวัดชายแดนใต้ พร้อมของกลางกว่า 7 แสนเม็ด|date=29 November 2018}}</ref> [[Smuggling|oil smuggling networks]],<ref name="น้ำมันเถื่อน"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/detail/597869|title=ผ่าเครือข่ายน้ำมันเถื่อนใต้ ผลประโยชน์หมื่นล้าน|website=bangkokbiznews.com/|date=8 August 2014}}</ref> and some [[Piracy|pirate]] raids have much to do with the violence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/detail/589207|title=แกะรอยเส้นทาง'เสี่ยโจ้'คนโตชายแดนใต้?|website=bangkokbiznews.com/|date=20 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.posttoday.com/social/local/332694|title=จับ8โจรสลัดปล้นเรืออินโดฯรุกน่านน้ำไทย|website=posttoday.com|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628160524/https://www.posttoday.com/social/local/332694|url-status=dead}}</ref> 57 people died (year 2023), in the conflict.<ref name="acleddata.com">{{cite web |url=https://acleddata.com/ |title=Conflict Index 2024 |website=Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) |access-date=1 March 2020 |archive-date=29 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129091359/https://acleddata.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Other information== Since 2025, using [[cannabis]] for fun, is (again) against the law.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3059036/thailands-cannabis-dreams-go-up-in-smoke. Retrieved 2025-06-29</ref><!--[[cannabis]] has again become a [[controlled substance]];--><ref name=ControlAndCriminalized>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-25 |title=Country bans recreational cannabis again in major blow to tourism |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/southeast-asia/thailand-cannabis-illegal-law-b2776598.html |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> [[Physician]]s and "Thai traditional doctors, [[Chinese medicine]] practitioners and [[pharmacist]]s [are some of those that] can [[authorization|authorise]] cannabis use", according to media.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3059036/thailands-cannabis-dreams-go-up-in-smoke. Retrieved 2025-06-29</ref><!--About the law becoming more strict about drug use. In October 2024, the government said that it will make a [[law]] or "[[regulation]] to tighten control of the production, import, export, sale and possession of [[cannabis]] and [[hemp]] [[extract]]s".--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2880868/cannabis-controls-to-be-tightened. Retrieved 2024-10-10</ref><!--Earlier (September 2024), media said that the country's [[lawmaker]]s were going to vote about a new law about use of [[cannabis]]; The [[law proposal]] says that "anyone who [... uses] cannabis or its [[extract]]s for uses not specified in the bill will face a fine of up to 60,000 baht"; Furthermore, the law proposal is also about putting limits on " marijuana uses to primarily [[health]] and [[medical]] purposes".--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2869153/thailand-unveils-new-bill-to-regulate-cannabis-while-keeping-it-legal. Retrieved 2024-09-20</ref><!--Authorities have said that from the first day of 2025, [[cannabis]] will be outlawed (again).--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2823881/cannabis-set-to-return-to-illegal-drugs-list-after-vote. [[Bangkok Post]]. Retrieved 2024-07-06</ref><!-- However, media said (July 2024) that new rules about [[criminalising]] cannabis (again), still have to [get [[approval]] from, or] "clear the [[Narcotics Control Board]];--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2834332/thailand-signals-another-u-turn-on-cannabis. Retrieved 2024-07-23</ref> [[Environmental issues]]: [[Industrial growth]] has created (much or) high levels of air pollution in Thailand. Vehicles and factories (give or) contribute to air pollution. Measurement of ''PM 2.5 pollution'' is one of the ways of measuring [[air pollution]]; In that way, the [[particulate]]s (in the atmosphere), that are smaller than 2.5 microns, get measured.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2943465/unsafe-pm2-5-levels-blanket-64-provinces. Retrieved 2025-01-20</ref> == References == === Footnotes === {{reflist|2|refs= <ref name=CIA>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html Thailand], CIA World Factbook.</ref> }} === Further reading === * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/th.html The United States CIA website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050612084026/http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/th.html |date=2005-06-12 }} == Other websites == {{sisterlinks|Thailand|voy=Thailand}} * [http://www.thaigov.go.th/ Thaigov.go.th Royal Government of Thailand] * [http://www.tourismthailand.org/ Tourism Authority of Thailand] Official tourism website * [http://www.parliament.go.th/files/mainpage.htm Thai National Assembly] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513022240/http://www.parliament.go.th/files/mainpage.htm |date=2008-05-13 }} Official Thai Parliament website * [http://www.mfa.go.th/ Mfa.go.th] Thailand Ministry of Foreign Affairs * [http://www.thaibirding.com Birdwatching in Thailand] * [http://www.learnthaiculture.com Learn Thai Culture.com] * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html CIA - The World Factbook - Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229000203/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html |date=2010-12-29 }} * [http://www.commonlanguageproject.net/?page_id=41#Thailand Thailand Country Fact Sheet] from the Common Language Project * [http://map.longdo.com/ Longdo Map Thailand] On-line Thailand map * [http://www.holiday-thai.com/ Holidays Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411000216/http://www.holiday-thai.com/ |date=2008-04-11 }} Holidays In Thailand {{Asia}} {{ASEAN}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Thailand| ]] [[Category:Current monarchies]] [[Category:Monarchies of Asia]] [[Category:1932 establishments in Asia]] bt1snolwy798n6ovt3god1ju87ep300 10368444 10367966 2025-07-02T23:11:49Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 some clean up; these "in regard to" sentences aren't too encyclopedic; the highest point and fertility rates aren't right for a lede and aren't incorporated well 10368444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{redlinks|date=September 2011}} {{Infobox country | native_name = {{ubl|{{native name|th|ราชอาณาจักรไทย|italics=off}}|{{lang|th-Latn|Ratcha-anachak Thai}}|{{native name|th|ประเทศไทย|italics=off}}|{{lang|th-Latn|Prathet Thai}}}} | conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Thailand | common_name = Thailand | image_flag = Flag of Thailand.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Thailand.svg | symbol_type = Emblem | national_anthem = ''[[Thai National Anthem|Phleng Chat Thai]]''<br />({{lang-en|"Thai National Anthem"}})<div style="padding-top:0.5em;">[[File:Thai National Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg|center]]</div> ---- | royal_anthem = ''[[Sansoen Phra Barami]]''<br />({{lang-en|"Glorify His prestige"}})<div style="padding-top:0.5em;">[[File:Thai Royal Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg|center]]</div> | image_map = Location Thailand ASEAN.svg | map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=green|region=[[ASEAN]]|region_color=dark grey|legend=Location Thailand ASEAN.svg}} | capital = {{nowrap|[[Bangkok]] (Thai: ''Krung Thep'')¹}} | coordinates = {{Coord|13|45|N|100|29|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Thai language|Thai]]<!--Note: Central Thai is also the national language. --><ref name="CIA">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/thailand/ "Thailand"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610164345/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/thailand/|date=10 June 2021}}, ''The World Factbook''.</ref><!--Thai is the official language. English is a non-official secondary language.--> | languages = [[Central Thai language|Central Thai]], [[Isan language|Isan]], [[Northern Thai language|Lanna (Northern Thai)]], [[Southern Thai language|Dambro (Southern Thai)]], [[Karenic languages|Karen]], [[Kelantan-Pattani Malay|Pattani Malay]], [[Bangkok Malay]], [[Teochew dialect|Teochew]], [[Hokkien]] | languages_type = Spoken languages | languages_sub = yes | ethnic_groups = {{tree list}} *80% [[Thai people|Thai]] **37% Thai (Central Thai) **25% [[Isan people|Thai Lao (Northeastern Thai)]] **8% [[Northern Thai people|Lanna (Northern Thai)]] **8% [[Southern Thai language|Dambro (Southern Thai)]] **2% (Western Thai) * 12% [[Thai Chinese]] * 4% [[Khmer people|Khmer]] * 4% [[Thai Malays|Malays]] {{tree list/end}} | languages2_type = [[Official script]]s | languages2 = [[Thai alphabet]] | ethnic_groups = [[Thai people|Thai]] (75%)<br> {{*}}Northeastern Thai ([[Lao people|Isan]]) (34.2%)<br> {{*}}Central Thai (33.7%)<br> {{*}}Southern Thai (13.3%)<br> [[Thai Chinese|Chinese]] (14%)<br> [[Northern Khmer people|Khmer]] (4%)<br> [[Malay people|Malay]] (4%)<br> [[India people|Tamil]] (3%)<br> Other (1%) | ethnic_groups_year = 2009<ref name=CIA/><ref>{{Citation |first=Barbara A. |last=West |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania |publisher=Facts on File |year=2009 |page=794}}</ref> | demonym = Thai | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary democracy]] and [[constitutional monarchy]] | leader_title1 = Monarch | leader_name1 = [[Vajiralongkorn|Maha Vajiralongkorn]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Thailand|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] ([[suspension|suspended]])<ref name=PaetongtarnPM>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2848292/paetongtarn-shinawatra-elected-thailands-31st-prime-minister. Retrieved 2024-08-16</ref><br>[[Suriya Juangroongruangkit]] (acting) | legislature = [[National Assembly of Thailand|National Assembly]] | upper_house = [[Senate of Thailand|Senate]] | lower_house = {{nowrap|[[House of Representatives of Thailand|House of Representatives]]}} | sovereignty_type = [[History of Thailand|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Sukhothai Kingdom]] | established_date1 = 1238–1448 | established_event2 = [[Ayutthaya Kingdom]] | established_date2 = 1351–1767 | established_event3 = [[Thonburi Kingdom]] | established_date3 = 1768–1782 | established_event4 = [[Rattanakosin Kingdom]] | established_date4 = 6 April 1782 | established_event5 = {{nowrap|[[Siamese revolution of 1932|Constitutional monarchy]]}} | established_date5 = 24 June 1932 | established_event6 = [[2007 Constitution of Thailand|2007 Constitution]] | established_date6 = 24 August 2007 | area_rank = 51st | area_km2 = 513,120 | area_sq_mi = 198,115 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 0.4 (2,230 km²) | population_estimate = 66,720,153²<ref>{{cite web|url=http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf|title=|date=16 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716001724/http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf|archive-date=2011-07-16}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 20th | population_estimate_year = 2011 | population_census = 65,479,453<ref>National Statistics Office. "100th anniversary of population censuses in Thailand: Population and housing census 2010: 11th census of Thailand" (in Thai), online accessible at: [http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712002347/http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc |date=2012-07-12 }}, retrieved on 30 January 2012.</ref> | population_census_year = 2010 | population_density_km2 = 132.1 | population_density_sq_mi = 342 <!--Do remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 88th | GDP_PPP = $616.783 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=61&pr.y=20&sy=2010&ey=2015&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=578&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Report for Thailand|work=World Economic Outlook Database|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|accessdate=25 July 2011}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = 24th | GDP_PPP_year = 2011 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $9,598<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 84th | GDP_nominal = $332.47 billion<ref name=imf2/> <!--Do not edit!--> | GDP_nominal_rank = 30th | GDP_nominal_year = 2011 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $5,174<ref name=imf2/> <!--Do not edit!--> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 89th | Gini = 42.5 | Gini_rank = | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |title=Human Development Report |publisher=UNDP |year=2009 |accessdate=27 October 2011 |archive-date=16 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116234423/http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | Gini_year = 2009 | HDI = 0.682 | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNDP">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Tables.pdf|title= Human Development Report 2011 – Human development statistical annex|publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]]|pages=127–130|accessdate=2 November 2011}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 103rd | HDI_year = 2011 | currency = [[Thai baht|Baht]] (฿) | currency_code = THB | time_zone = | utc_offset = +7 | time_zone_DST = | DST_note = | utc_offset_DST = <!-- +N, where N is number of hours --> | cctld = [[.th]], [[.ไทย]] | drives_on = left | calling_code = [[+66]] | footnotes = <!--for any generic non-numbered footnotes--> | footnote1 = {{note|1}}Thai name: กรุงเทพมหานคร ''Krung Thep Maha Nakhon'' or ''Krung Thep''. The full name is กรุงเทพมหานคร อมรรัตนโกสินทร์ มหินทรายุทธยา มหาดิลกภพ นพรัตนราชธานีบุรีรมย์ อุดมราชนิเวศน์มหาสถาน อมรพิมานอวตารสถิต สักกะทัตติยะวิษณุกรรมประสิทธิ์ ''Krung Thep Mahanakhon Amon Rattanakosin Mahinthara Yuthaya Mahadilok Phop Noppharat Ratchathani Burirom Udomratchaniwet Mahasathan Amon Phiman Awatan Sathit Sakkathattiya Witsanukam Prasit''. | footnote2 = {{note|2}}According to the Department of Provincial Administration's [http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf official register], not taking into account unregistered citizens and immigrants. }} '''Thailand''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|aɪ|l|æ|n|d}} {{respell|TY|land}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|aɪ|l|ə|n|d}} {{respell|TY|lənd}};<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thailand |title=Merriam-Webster Online |publisher=Merriam-webster.com |date=25 April 2007 |accessdate=25 April 2010}}</ref> {{lang-th|ประเทศไทย}}, {{RTGS|Prathet Thai}}), officially the '''Kingdom of Thailand''' ({{lang-th|ราชอาณาจักรไทย}}, {{RTGS|Ratcha Anachak Thai}}; {{IPA-th|râːt.tɕʰā ʔāːnāːtɕàk tʰāj|IPA|Th-pratheidthai raachaanaajakthai.ogg}}<!--See and listen here: http://www.thai-language.com/id/210678-->), is a [[country]] in [[Southeast Asia]]. Its neighbours are [[Laos]], [[Cambodia]], [[Malaysia]], and [[Myanmar]]. Its name was '''Siam''' until [[June 24|June]] [[1939]]<ref name="ThaiCSM">[https://archive.today/20120729065613/http://www.csmngt.com/thailand_history.htm Thailand (Siam) History], CSMngt-Thai.</ref> and between 1945 and [[May 11]] [[1949]]. The word Thai (ไทย) comes from the ethnic group in the center of Thailand. Thailand is a [[constitutional monarchy]]. It has a [[King]] as a [[head of state]], who is [[Vajiralongkorn]] at the moment. Most people here (95 percent) follow the [[philosophy]] called [[Buddhism]]. Smaller number of people (4.4%), mostly to the south, follow [[Islam]]. Other religions in Thailand are [[Christianity]], [[Hinduism]], and [[Sikhism]]. The prime minister is [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] (since August 2024).<ref name=PaetongtarnPM/> ==History== A Buddhist kingdom named [[Sukhothai]] was founded here in [[1238]]. A century later, a bigger kingdom named Ayuthaya appeared south of Sukhothai. Later Sukhothai became a part of Ayuthaya. Ayuthaya existed for more than 400 years before its fall by the attack of a [[Burma|Burmese]] kingdom. A soldier of [[Chinese people|Chinese]] origin then founded a new capital city at Thonburi, and became King Tāksin. The founding of [[Bangkok]] as the capital city, was the start of the [[Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)]]. It was founded by King [[Rama I]] of the Chakri Dynasty<!--The current era, Rattanakosin, started on founding by King Rama I of Chakri Dynasty-->. Before [[1932]], Thailand was an [[absolute monarchy]]. On [[June 24]], 1932, a group of people did a [[coup]] and changed Thailand to a [[constitutional monarchy]]. It was not until [[1973]] that Thai people voted for a [[Prime Minister]] in an [[election]].<!--There were [[coup]]s both before and after this year.--> In 1951, there was a failed coup - the Manhattan Rebellion.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/1290939/shifting-thai-alliances-in-the-21st-century|title=Shifting Thai alliances in the 21st century|first=Bangkok Post Public Company|last=Limited|newspaper=Bangkok Post}}</ref> On [[September 19]], [[2006]], the army did a coup d'état and took control from [[Thaksin Shinawatra]]'s government. In May 2014, a new military coup d'état removed another government. In October [[2016]], [[Vajiralongkorn|Rama X]] became the new king. Between 1932 and 2014, Thailand had 12 coup d'etats. The [[2025 Cambodian–Thai border crisis]] started in May 2025; One Cambodian soldier was killed.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3044755/cambodian-troops-agree-to-retreat-from-thai-border#google_vignette. Retrieved 2025-06-09</ref> The conflict had not ended by the last week of June.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3056862/border-closure-spares-students-but-hits-local-business-hard. Retrieved 2025-06-25</ref><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3044826/cambodian-troops-agree-to-withdraw?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2025-06-09</ref> ==Provinces== Thailand is made up of 76 [[province]]s (จังหวัด, changwat), put into 5 groups. There are 2 specially governed districts: the capital Bangkok and Pattaya. The 76 provinces including Bangkok are as follows: [[File:Thailand provinces.png|right|250 px|thumb|Thailand provinces]] [[File:Thailand map CIA.png|right|thumb|Map of Thailand]] === Central === # [[Ang Thong Province|Ang Thong]] # [[Bangkok|Bangkok (Krung Thep Maha Nakhon)]], Special Governed District of # [[Chainat Province|Chai Nat]] # [[Kanchanaburi Province|Kanchanaburi]] # [[Lopburi Province|Lopburi]] # [[Nakhon Nayok Province|Nakhon Nayok]] # [[Nakhon Pathom Province|Nakhon Pathom]] # [[Nonthaburi Province|Nonthaburi]] # [[Pathum Thani Province|Pathum Thani]] # [[Phetchaburi Province|Phetchaburi]] # [[Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya]] # [[Prachuap Khiri Khan]] # [[Ratchaburi Province|Ratchaburi]] # [[Samut Prakan]] # [[Samut Sakhon]] # [[Samut Songkhram]] # [[Saraburi]] # [[Sing Buri]] # [[Suphan Buri]] === East === # [[Chachoengsao]] # [[Chanthaburi]] # [[Chonburi]] # [[Prachinburi]] # [[Rayong]] # [[Sa Kaeo]] # [[Trat]] === North === # [[Chiang Mai Province|Chiang Mai]] # [[Chiang Rai]] # [[Kamphaeng Phet Province|Kamphaeng Phet]] # [[Lampang Province|Lampang]] # [[Lamphun]] # [[Mae Hong Son]] # [[Nakhon Sawan]] # [[Nan]] # [[Phayao]] # [[Phetchabun Province|Phetchabun]] # [[Phichit]] # [[Phitsanulok]] # [[Phrae]] # [[Sukhothai]] # [[Tak Province|Tak]] # [[Uthai Thani]] # [[Uttaradit]] [[File:Chmwphrasingh0506e.jpg|right|thumb|222px|upright|Wat Phra Sing, [[Chiang Mai Province]] ]] === Northeast (Isan) === # [[Amnat Charoen]] # [[Bueng Kan]] # [[Buriram|Buri Ram]] # [[Chaiyaphum Province|Chaiyaphum]] # [[Kalasin]] # [[Khon Kaen]] # [[Loei Province|Loei]] # [[Maha Sarakham]] # [[Mukdahan]] # [[Nakhon Phanom]] # [[Nakhon Ratchasima Province|Nakhon Ratchasima]] # [[Nong Bua Lamphu]] # [[Nong Khai]] # [[Roi Et]] # [[Sakon Nakhon]] # [[Si Sa Ket]] # [[Surin]] # [[Ubon Ratchathani]] # [[Udon Thani]] # [[Yasothon]] === South === # [[Chumphon Province|Chumphon]] # [[Krabi]] # [[Nakhon Si Thammarat]] # [[Narathiwat]] # [[Pattani]] # [[Phang Nga province|Phang Nga]] # [[Phatthalung]] # [[Phuket]] # [[Rayong|Ranong]] # [[Satun]] # [[Songkhla]] # [[Surat Thani]] # [[Trang Province|Trang]] # [[Yala]]<!--'''NOTE''': In ''italics'' [1], that province is about the '''Greater Bangkok''' sub-region; in ''italics'' [2], that province is about the '''West''' sub-region.--> ==Economy== The [[economy]] of Thailand "is based on trade and [[investment]] in the [[agriculture|agricultural]] and [[tourism]] sectors, according to media.<ref name="ForeignDirectInvestment">https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2599545/horns-of-a-dilemma. [[Bangkok Post]]. Retrieved 2023-06-26</ref> In 2022, the country with investors that invested the most in Thailand, was Japan; Chinese investors had the second place.<ref name=ForeignDirectInvestment/> Industry had a contribution to the [[GDP]], of 43.9 percent (in 2007), and 14 percent of the workforce are in that sector (of the economy). Within that sector, ''[[manufacturing]]'' was the biggest part, and it had a contribution (to the GDP), with 34.5 (in 2004). As of 2025's first quarter, media said that there is "weakness [...] in the manufacturing sector, especially [[automotive]], [[petrochemical]]s and construction materials".<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/2969963/thai-growth-outlook-remains-stable. Retrieved 2025-02-28</ref> [[Agriculture in Thailand]]: Rice is the country's most important crop; Some 60 percent of Thailand's 13 million farmers grow that, according to media (2017). Amount of crops produced: [[sugarcane]];<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3010352/thai-firms-halt-syrup-production-as-chinas-ban-drags-on. Retrieved 2025-04-24</ref> [c. 104 million tons] or 104.3 million tons was harvested in 2018 (4th largest producer in the world); Rice, [c. 32 million tons or] 32.1 million tons (6th largest producer in the world); [[Cassava]], 31.6 million tons (2nd largest producer in the world). "The Thai-US trade volume has been roughly 6.0% of GDP", but on top of that significant amounts of Chinese goods are getting labels ''Made in Thailand'', while in many cases the goods were actually Made in China, according to media.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/3026007/thai-us-trade-talks-are-likely-to-fail?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2025-05-15</ref> "The US was Thailand's largest export market" in 2024; The U.S. imported things for $55 billion.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3024546/thailand-has-sent-trade-proposal-to-united-states-pm-says. Retrieved 2025-05-13</ref> The [[GDP growth]] (year 2024), was 2.5%.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/3036940/thailand-has-lost-its-last-growth-engine. Retrieved 2025-05-29</ref> In 2014, [[Credit Suisse]] reported that Thailand was the world's third most unequal country, behind Russia and India.<ref name="BBC 2017" /> The top 10% richest held 79% of the country's assets.<ref name="BBC 2017" /> The top 1% held 58% of the assets.<ref name="BBC 2017">{{Cite news |last=พงศ์พิพัฒน์ บัญชานนท์ |date=18 June 2017 |script-title=th:ยิ่งนานยิ่งถ่าง ช่องว่างทางรายได้ ปัญหาใหญ่ที่รอ คสช. แก้ |language=th |work=[[BBC]] Thailand |url=http://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-40317663 |url-status=live |access-date=25 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514163313/https://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-40317663 |archive-date=14 May 2018}}</ref> ==Government== The acting prime minister is [[Suriya Juangroongruangkit]] (as of July 2025); [[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]] is [[suspension|suspended]].<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3062022/paetongtarn-shinawatras-suspension-deals-new-blow-to-thailands-battered-economy. Retrieved 2025-07-02</ref> Earlier (September 2024), new members of the [[Cabinet of Thailand]] got [[approval]] from the king;<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2859376/king-endorses-new-cabinet. Retrieved 2024-09-04</ref> Furthermore, "The new cabinet [... is supposed to] be sworn in" on July 3.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3062022/paetongtarn-shinawatras-suspension-deals-new-blow-to-thailands-battered-economy. Retrieved 2025-07-03</ref> The Cabinet members include *''foreign minister'' or [[minister of foreign affairs]]<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/2872893/thai-foreign-policy-needs-new-rudder?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2024-09-27</ref> *[[Ministry_of_Natural_Resources_and_Environment_(Thailand)|minister of natural resources and environment]].<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2859701/minister-faces-probe-regarding-state-land. Retrieved 2024-09-05</ref> *[[Narumon Pinyosinwat|Agriculture and Cooperatives Minister]]<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2862031/thamanat-chaperones-new-minister-on-flood-inspection. Retrieved 2024-09-09</ref> ==Armed conflict in the provinces Narathiwat, Pattani, and Yala== The [[South Thailand armed rebellion]] has its [[origin]]s from 1948;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/thailandmalay-muslims-1948-present/ |title=Thailand/Malay Muslims (1948–present) |publisher=University of Central Arkansas|access-date=30 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930013606/http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/thailandmalay-muslims-1948-present/|archive-date=30 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> It started as an ethnic and religious [[separatist]] [[armed rebellion]] in [[Patani (historical region)]]; Many [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay]] people live there; That region is made up of the three southernmost provinces of Thailand and parts of a fourth province (Songkhla); The conflict has become more complex and more violent since the early 2000s; [[Drug cartel]]s,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://library2.parliament.go.th/ebook/content-issue/2561/hi2561-002.pdf|title=ยาเสพติด : ปัญหาภัยแทรกซ้อนในจังหวัดชายแดนภาคใต้|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=5 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205150145/https://library2.parliament.go.th/ebook/content-issue/2561/hi2561-002.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.matichon.co.th/local/crime/news_1249219|title=ยิ่งจับยิ่งเยอะ รวบแก๊งค้ายาบ้าจังหวัดชายแดนใต้ พร้อมของกลางกว่า 7 แสนเม็ด|date=29 November 2018}}</ref> [[Smuggling|oil smuggling networks]],<ref name="น้ำมันเถื่อน"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/detail/597869|title=ผ่าเครือข่ายน้ำมันเถื่อนใต้ ผลประโยชน์หมื่นล้าน|website=bangkokbiznews.com/|date=8 August 2014}}</ref> and some [[Piracy|pirate]] raids have much to do with the violence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/detail/589207|title=แกะรอยเส้นทาง'เสี่ยโจ้'คนโตชายแดนใต้?|website=bangkokbiznews.com/|date=20 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.posttoday.com/social/local/332694|title=จับ8โจรสลัดปล้นเรืออินโดฯรุกน่านน้ำไทย|website=posttoday.com|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628160524/https://www.posttoday.com/social/local/332694|url-status=dead}}</ref> 57 people died (year 2023), in the conflict.<ref name="acleddata.com">{{cite web |url=https://acleddata.com/ |title=Conflict Index 2024 |website=Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) |access-date=1 March 2020 |archive-date=29 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129091359/https://acleddata.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Other information== Since 2025, using [[cannabis]] for fun, is (again) against the law.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3059036/thailands-cannabis-dreams-go-up-in-smoke. Retrieved 2025-06-29</ref><!--[[cannabis]] has again become a [[controlled substance]];--><ref name=ControlAndCriminalized>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-25 |title=Country bans recreational cannabis again in major blow to tourism |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/southeast-asia/thailand-cannabis-illegal-law-b2776598.html |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> [[Physician]]s and "Thai traditional doctors, [[Chinese medicine]] practitioners and [[pharmacist]]s [are some of those that] can [[authorization|authorise]] cannabis use", according to media.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3059036/thailands-cannabis-dreams-go-up-in-smoke. Retrieved 2025-06-29</ref><!--About the law becoming more strict about drug use. In October 2024, the government said that it will make a [[law]] or "[[regulation]] to tighten control of the production, import, export, sale and possession of [[cannabis]] and [[hemp]] [[extract]]s".--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2880868/cannabis-controls-to-be-tightened. Retrieved 2024-10-10</ref><!--Earlier (September 2024), media said that the country's [[lawmaker]]s were going to vote about a new law about use of [[cannabis]]; The [[law proposal]] says that "anyone who [... uses] cannabis or its [[extract]]s for uses not specified in the bill will face a fine of up to 60,000 baht"; Furthermore, the law proposal is also about putting limits on " marijuana uses to primarily [[health]] and [[medical]] purposes".--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2869153/thailand-unveils-new-bill-to-regulate-cannabis-while-keeping-it-legal. Retrieved 2024-09-20</ref><!--Authorities have said that from the first day of 2025, [[cannabis]] will be outlawed (again).--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2823881/cannabis-set-to-return-to-illegal-drugs-list-after-vote. [[Bangkok Post]]. Retrieved 2024-07-06</ref><!-- However, media said (July 2024) that new rules about [[criminalising]] cannabis (again), still have to [get [[approval]] from, or] "clear the [[Narcotics Control Board]];--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2834332/thailand-signals-another-u-turn-on-cannabis. Retrieved 2024-07-23</ref> [[Environmental issues]]: [[Industrial growth]] has created (much or) high levels of air pollution in Thailand. Vehicles and factories (give or) contribute to air pollution. Measurement of ''PM 2.5 pollution'' is one of the ways of measuring [[air pollution]]; In that way, the [[particulate]]s (in the atmosphere), that are smaller than 2.5 microns, get measured.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2943465/unsafe-pm2-5-levels-blanket-64-provinces. Retrieved 2025-01-20</ref> == References == === Footnotes === {{reflist|2|refs= <ref name=CIA>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html Thailand], CIA World Factbook.</ref> }} === Further reading === * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/th.html The United States CIA website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050612084026/http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/th.html |date=2005-06-12 }} == Other websites == {{sisterlinks|Thailand|voy=Thailand}} * [http://www.thaigov.go.th/ Thaigov.go.th Royal Government of Thailand] * [http://www.tourismthailand.org/ Tourism Authority of Thailand] Official tourism website * [http://www.parliament.go.th/files/mainpage.htm Thai National Assembly] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513022240/http://www.parliament.go.th/files/mainpage.htm |date=2008-05-13 }} Official Thai Parliament website * [http://www.mfa.go.th/ Mfa.go.th] Thailand Ministry of Foreign Affairs * [http://www.thaibirding.com Birdwatching in Thailand] * [http://www.learnthaiculture.com Learn Thai Culture.com] * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html CIA - The World Factbook - Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229000203/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html |date=2010-12-29 }} * [http://www.commonlanguageproject.net/?page_id=41#Thailand Thailand Country Fact Sheet] from the Common Language Project * [http://map.longdo.com/ Longdo Map Thailand] On-line Thailand map * [http://www.holiday-thai.com/ Holidays Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411000216/http://www.holiday-thai.com/ |date=2008-04-11 }} Holidays In Thailand {{Asia}} {{ASEAN}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Thailand| ]] [[Category:Current monarchies]] [[Category:Monarchies of Asia]] [[Category:1932 establishments in Asia]] 8x2fa6mye6ctezoens4bzk2xf60bsbt 0 10277 10369323 10352312 2025-07-03T09:44:03Z 92.119.36.103 10369323 wikitext text/x-wiki {{see also|List of suicide crisis lines}} {{Infobox disease | Name = Suicide | Image = Édouard Manet - Le Suicidé (ca. 1877).jpg | Caption = ''The Suicide'' by [[Édouard Manet]] 1877–1881 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|X|60||x|60}}–{{ICD10|X|84||x|60}} |ICD9 = {{ICD9|E950}} |MedlinePlus = 001554 | eMedicineSubj = article | eMedicineTopic = 288598 | MeshName = Suicide | MeshNumber = F01.145.126.980.875 }} '''Suicide''' is when someone chooses to kill themselves.<ref>The word suicide comes from the [[Latin]] words ''sui caedere'', which means "to kill oneself".</ref> When someone kills themselves, people say that they have "committed suicide," "completed suicide," or "'''died by suicide'''". When a person seriously considers killing themselves, they are described as '''suicidal'''. Suicide is one of the top three causes of death for young people aged 14–35. It is the second most common [[cause of death]] for [[college]] students. Every 3&nbsp;seconds, a person somewhere in the world tries to kill themself. Every 40&nbsp;seconds, someone dies by suicide. For every suicide, at least six other people are seriously affected.(WHO 2000) When people start [[Suicidal ideation|having thoughts about killing themselves]], it may be a [[medical emergency]].<ref name=EB2011>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chang B, Gitlin D, Patel R | title = The depressed patient and suicidal patient in the emergency department: evidence-based management and treatment strategies | journal = Emergency Medicine Practice | volume = 13 | issue = 9 | pages = 1–23; quiz 23–4 | date = September 2011 | pmid = 22164363 }}</ref> They should get a [[suicide risk assessment]] as soon as possible. They should not be left alone. There are many reasons why a person might think about suicide. Most people who are suicidal have some type of [[mental disorder]]. They may have a [[chronic]] condition, which has been going on for a long time. But it may be an [[Acute (medicine)|acute]] condition, which means the first symptoms of [[mental illness]] happened rather quickly. [[Depression (mental illness)|Depression]] is a mental illness that may affect a person to have suicidal thoughts. Depression may also be a [[Signs and symptoms|symptom]] of other mental or medical disorders. Another mental condition which may lead to [[self-harm]] or suicide is [[schizophrenia]]. The [[Chronic stress|stress]] of life, and its events, like losing a job or getting sick, are less likely to cause suicide. Other causes of suicidal thoughts are extreme cases of bullying and [[social isolation]]. Although depression is the main factor in suicide, it is also [[Treatment|treatable]], and suicide is often preventable. ==Risk factors== [[File:Suicide-risk factors-protective factors.PNG|thumb|right|275px|Examples of suicide risk and protective factors.<br>Source: 2012 National Strategy for Suicide Prevention]] There are many [[risk factor]]s for suicide. However, it is important to remember that risk factors are not the same as causes. Risk factors do not ''cause'' suicide or suicidal thoughts. They only make it more likely that some people with those risk factors ''may'' become suicidal. If a person has a risk factor, that does not mean they will become suicidal. ===Mental disorders=== Mental illness is present at the time of suicide 27% to more than 90% of the time.<ref name="University of Manchester Centre for Mental Health and Risk">{{cite web|last=University of Manchester Centre for Mental Health and Risk|title=The National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness|url=http://www.medicine.manchester.ac.uk/cmhr/centreforsuicideprevention/nci/reports/annual_report_2012.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120714134607/http://www.medicine.manchester.ac.uk/cmhr/centreforsuicideprevention/nci/reports/annual_report_2012.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 July 2012|access-date=25 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Stone DM, Simon TR, Fowler KA, Kegler SR, Yuan K, Holland KM, Ivey-Stephenson AZ, Crosby AE | display-authors = 6 | title = Vital Signs: Trends in State Suicide Rates&nbsp;– United States, 1999–2016 and Circumstances Contributing to Suicide&nbsp;– 27 States, 2015 | journal = MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report | volume = 67 | issue = 22 | pages = 617–624 | date = June 2018 | pmid = 29879094 | pmc = 5991813 | doi = 10.15585/mmwr.mm6722a1 | issn=0149-2195 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Arsenault-Lapierre G, Kim C, Turecki G | title = Psychiatric diagnoses in 3275 suicides: a meta-analysis | journal = BMC Psychiatry | volume = 4 | issue = 1 | page = 37 | date = November 2004 | pmid = 15527502 | pmc = 534107 | doi = 10.1186/1471-244X-4-37 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Of those who have been hospitalized for suicidal behavior, the lifetime risk of completed suicide is 8.6%.<ref name=EB2011/><ref name=Bos2000>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bostwick JM, Pankratz VS | title = Affective disorders and suicide risk: a reexamination |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-psychiatry_2000-12_157_12/page/1925 | journal = The American Journal of Psychiatry | volume = 157 | issue = 12 | pages = 1925–32 | date = December 2000 | pmid = 11097952 | doi = 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.12.1925 }}</ref> Comparatively, non-suicidal people hospitalized for affective disorders have a 4% lifetime risk of suicide.<ref name=Bos2000/> Half of all people who die by suicide may have [[major depressive disorder]]; having this or one of the other [[mood disorder]]s such as [[bipolar disorder]] increases the risk of suicide 20-fold.<ref name=Che2012>{{cite book | first1 = Stan | last1 = Kutcher | first2 = Sonia | last2 = Chehil | name-list-style = vanc |title=Suicide Risk Management A Manual for Health Professionals.|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=Chicester|isbn=978-1-119-95311-1|pages=30–33|year=2012|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fV8_1u0c7l0C&pg=PA31|edition=2nd }}</ref> Other conditions implicated include [[schizophrenia]] (14%), [[personality disorder]]s (8%),<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pompili M, Girardi P, Ruberto A, Tatarelli R | s2cid = 27142497 | title = Suicide in borderline personality disorder: a meta-analysis | journal = Nordic Journal of Psychiatry | volume = 59 | issue = 5 | pages = 319–24 |year = 2005 | pmid = 16757458 | doi = 10.1080/08039480500320025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bertolote JM, Fleischmann A, De Leo D, Wasserman D | s2cid = 13331602 | title = Psychiatric diagnoses and suicide: revisiting the evidence | journal = Crisis | volume = 25 | issue = 4 | pages = 147–55 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15580849 | doi = 10.1027/0227-5910.25.4.147 }}</ref> [[obsessive compulsive disorder]],<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Angelakis I, Gooding P, Tarrier N, Panagioti M | title = Suicidality in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD): a systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = Clinical Psychology Review | volume = 39 | pages = 1–15 | date = July 2015 | pmid = 25875222 | doi = 10.1016/j.cpr.2015.03.002 }}</ref> and [[posttraumatic stress disorder]].<ref name=EB2011/> Those with [[autism spectrum disorder]]s also attempt and consider suicide more frequently.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Zahid S, Upthegrove R | s2cid = 10644601 | title = Suicidality in Autistic Spectrum Disorders | journal = Crisis | volume = 38 | issue = 4 | pages = 237–246 | date = July 2017 | pmid = 28468556 | doi = 10.1027/0227-5910/a000458 |url=http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/36723961/Zahid_Upthegrove_Suicidality_Autistic_Spectrum_Disorders_Crisis.pdf }}</ref> Among people with a mental disorder, 25% also have [[Alcoholism|alcohol abuse issues]]. People who abuse alcohol have a 50% greater risk of suicide than those who do not.<ref>Benjamin James Sadock, M.D., Virginia Alcott Sadock: Kapalan and Sadock's Concise Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; Third edition (2008) {{ISBN|0781787467}}</ref> While acts of [[self-harm]] are not considered suicide attempts, a person who self-harms may be more likely to die by suicide.<ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 17606825 | doi=10.1001/archpedi.161.7.634 | volume=161 | issue=7 | title=The relationship between self-injurious behavior and suicide in a young adult population |date=July 2007 | author=Whitlock J, Knox KL | journal=Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med | pages=634–40| s2cid=10521784 }}</ref> ====Emotions==== * [[wikt:hopeless|Hopelessness]]: Feeling like there is no chance that things will get better. Hopelessness is very common in people who die by suicide.<ref>American Psychiatric Association: American Psychiatric Association Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders: Compendium 2006. American Psychiatric Publishing; 1 edition (2006) pp.1410-1411 {{ISBN|0890423857}}</ref> * Perceived burdensomeness: When a person feels like they are a [[wikt:burden|burden]] to others (like they just cause problems for other people). Suicidal people often feel hopeless at the same time.<ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 20967639 | doi=10.1080/13607863.2010.501064 | volume=15 | issue=2 | title=The mediating effect of perceived burdensomeness on the relation between depressive symptoms and suicide ideation in a community sample of older adults |date=March 2011 | author=Jahn DR| author2=Cukrowicz KC| author3= Linton K| author4= Prabhu F | journal=Aging Ment Health | pages=214–20| s2cid=25980639 }}</ref> * [[Loneliness]]: Feeling alone. Sometimes people actually are alone; sometimes they just feel lonely. People are more likely to feel suicidal if:<ref>{{cite journal|author=You, S.|author2=Van Orden, K. A.|author3= Conner, K. R. |year=2010|title=Social connections and suicidal thoughts and behavior|journal=Psychology of Addictive Behaviors|volume=25|issue=1|pages=180–184|doi=10.1037/a0020936|pmc=3066301|pmid=21142333}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 11326767 | volume=31 | issue=1 | title=Loneliness in relation to suicide ideation and parasuicide: a population-wide study | year=2001 | author=Stravynski A, Boyer R | journal=Suicide Life Threat Behav | pages=32–40| doi=10.1521/suli.31.1.32.21312 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 16214699 | doi=10.1080/13607860500193062 | volume=9 | issue=6 | title=Social relationships as predictors of depression and suicidal ideation in older adults |date=November 2005 | author=Vanderhorst RK, McLaren S | journal=Aging Ment Health | pages=517–25| s2cid=34149310 }}</ref> ** They do not have people to support them, such as family and friends ** They feel like they do not belong or fit in with other people ** They live alone ====Substance abuse==== [[Substance abuse]] is the second most common reason for suicide and feeling suicidal. Only two serious mental illnesses - [[major depressive disorder|depression]] and [[bipolar disorder]] - cause more harm.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=D., PhD Frank |first1=Jerome |last2=Levin |first2=Jerome D |last3=S., PhD Piccirilli |first3=Richard |last4=Perrotto |first4=Richard S |last5=Culkin |first5=Joseph |title=Introduction to chemical dependency counseling |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=felzn3Ntd-cC&pg=RA1-PA151 |date=28 Sep 2001 |publisher=Jason Aronson |location=Northvale, NJ |isbn=978-0-7657-0289-0 |pages=150–152}}</ref> A person is at greater risk for suicide whether they have been using drugs for a long time or just a short time.<ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 17458329 | volume=19 | issue=1 | title=Psychological autopsy studies: the role of alcohol use in adolescent and young adult suicides | year=2007 | author=Giner L| author2=Carballo JJ| author3= Guija JA| display-authors = etal | journal=Int J Adolesc Med Health | pages=99–113| doi=10.1515/ijamh.2007.19.1.99 | s2cid=36487578 }}</ref> When a drug abuser is also suffering from great [[sadness]] or [[grief]], suicide is even more common.<ref name=behavioral_science_in_medicine>{{Cite book |last=Fadem |first=Barbara |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KB-g-oBfApsC |title=Behavioral science in medicine |date=1 Dec 2003 |publisher=Lippincott Williams Wilkins |location=Philadelphia |isbn= 978-0-7817-3669-5 |page=217}}</ref> ====Problem gambling==== Problem [[Gambling|gamblers]] have more [[suicidal ideation]] and make more suicide attempts compared to the general [[population]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Moreyra, P.|author2= Ibanez A.|author3= Saiz-Ruiz J.|author4= Nissenson K.|author5= Blanco C. |title=Review of the phenomenology, etiology and treatment of pathological gambling |journal=German Journal of Psychiatry |volume=3 |pages=37–52 |year=2000 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first1=Stefano |last1=Pallanti |first2=Nicolò Baldini |last2=Rossi |first3=Eric |last3=Hollander |chapter=11. Pathological Gambling |editor1-first=Eric |editor1-last=Hollander |editor2-first=Dan J. | editor2-last=Stein |title=Clinical manual of impulse-control disorders |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u2wVP8KJJtcC&pg=PA251 |year=2006 |publisher=American Psychiatric Pub |isbn=978-1-58562-136-1 |pages=251–289}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Volberg, R.A. |title=The epidemiology of pathological gambling |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_psychiatric-annals_2002-03_32_3/page/171 |journal=Psychiatric Annals |volume=32 |issue= 3|pages=171–8 |year=2002 |doi=10.3928/0048-5713-20020301-06 }}</ref> (Problem gambling is gambling that causes major problems in a person's life.) If a person becomes a problem gambler earlier in life, they have a higher risk of suicide for the rest of their life. Gambling-related suicide attempts are usually made by older people with gambling problems.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Kaminer Y|author2= Burleson JA|author3= Jadamec A |title=Gambling behavior in adolescent substance abuse |journal=Subst Abus |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=191–8 |date=September 2002 |pmid=12444352 |doi=10.1080/08897070209511489 |s2cid= 45274599|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08897070209511489?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated2003">{{cite journal | doi = 10.4088/JCP.v64n0908 | author = Kausch O | year = 2003 | title = Suicide attempts among veterans seeking treatment for pathological gambling | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-clinical-psychiatry_2003-09_64_9/page/1031 | journal = Journal of Clinical Psychiatry | volume = 64 | issue = 9| pages = 1031–8 | pmid = 14628978 }}</ref> Substance use<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/S0740-5472(03)00117-X | author = Kausch O | year = 2003 | title = Patterns of substance abuse among treatment-seeking pathological gamblers | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-substance-abuse-treatment_2003-12_25_4/page/263 | journal = Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment | volume = 25 | issue = 4| pages = 263–70 | pmid = 14693255 }}</ref><ref>Ladd, G. T., Petry N. M. (2003) A comparison of pathological gamblers with and without substance abuse treatment histories. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 11, 202-9.</ref> and mental disorders{{fact|date=February 2016}} increase the risk of suicide even more in people with problem gambling. ===Medical conditions=== There is a link between suicidality and medical conditions, including chronic [[pain]],<ref>{{cite journal |author=Ilgen MA| author2=Zivin K| author3=cCammon RJ| author4=lenstein M |title=Pain and suicidal thoughts, plans and attempts in the United States |journal=Gen Hosp Psychiatry |volume=30 |issue=6 |pages=521–7 |year=2008 |pmid=19061678 |pmc=2601576 |doi=10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2008.09.003 }}</ref> mild [[brain injury]], (MBI) or traumatic brain injury (TBI).<ref>{{cite journal |author=Simpson GK, Tate RL |title=Preventing suicide after traumatic brain injury: implications for general practice |journal=Med. J. Aust. |volume=187 |issue=4 |pages=229–32 |date=August 2007 |doi=10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01206.x |pmid=17708726 |s2cid=44454339 |url=http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/187_04_200807/sim11240_fm.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Teasdale TW, Engberg AW |title=Suicide after traumatic brain injury: a population study |journal=J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. |volume=71 |issue=4 |pages=436–40 |date=October 2001 |pmid=11561024 |pmc=1763534 |doi=10.1136/jnnp.71.4.436}}</ref> People with these conditions had a higher rate of suicide that was not caused by depression or alcohol abuse. People with more than one medical condition had an even higher risk of suicide.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Druss B, Pincus H |title=Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in general medical illnesses |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=160 |issue=10 |pages=1522–6 |date=May 2000 |pmid=10826468 |url=http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10826468 |doi=10.1001/archinte.160.10.1522 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Braden JB, Sullivan MD |title=Suicidal thoughts and behavior among adults with self-reported pain conditions in the national comorbidity survey replication |journal=J Pain |volume=9 |issue=12 |pages=1106–15 |date=December 2008 |pmid=19038772 |pmc=2614911 |doi=10.1016/j.jpain.2008.06.004 }}</ref> Problems with sleeping, such as [[insomnia]]<ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 22032872 | doi=10.1016/j.jad.2011.09.049 | title=Sleep problems outperform depression and hopelessness as cross-sectional and longitudinal predictors of suicidal ideation and behavior in young adults in the military |date=October 2011 | author=Ribeiro JD| author2= Pease JL| author3= Gutierrez PM | display-authors = etal | journal=J Affect Disord | volume=136 | issue=3 | pages=743–50}}</ref> and [[sleep apnea]], may be risk factors for depression and suicide. In some people, the sleep problem itself, not depression, may be what increases their risk for depression.<ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 16268383 | volume=28 | issue=9 | title=Suicidality and sleep disturbances |date=September 2005 | author=Bernert RA| author2=Joiner TE| author3=Cukrowicz KC| author4= Schmidt NB| author5= Krakow B | journal=Sleep | pages=1135–41| doi=10.1093/sleep/28.9.1135 }}</ref> People being treated for mood disorders should be checked by a [[Medical doctor|doctor]]. This should include a physical examination and [[blood test]]s. This can ensure the person's mood disorder is not caused by a medical problem. Many medical conditions can cause problems with mood and thinking.<ref name=":0">Janis Cutler, Eric Marcus. Psychiatry Oxford University Press, USA; 2 edition (2010) p.82 {{ISBN|0195372743}}</ref> Seeing a doctor will also help make sure that it is safe to [[Prescription|prescribe]] [[medication]]s for the person's mood disorder.<ref name=":0"/> ====Biology==== [[File:Brain maturation ages 5-20.gif|thumb|left|<center>'''Brain immaturity'''</center><br>The human brain does not mature until the ages of 20-25. This clip shows the changes in ''grey matter'' between the ages of 5-20. Brain immaturity may have an influence on youth suicide.<ref>B.J. Casey, Rebecca M. Jones,a and Todd A. Hareb. The Adolescent Brain. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008 March; 1124: 111–126. doi: 10.1196/annals.1440.010 PMCID: PMC2475802 NIHMSID: NIHMS56148 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2475802/]</ref>]] Some mental disorders that are risk factors for suicide may be partly caused by problems in the [[brain]] and body.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Krishnan | first1 = V. | last2 = Nestler | first2 = E. | title = The molecular neurobiology of depression | journal = Nature | volume = 455 | issue = 7215 | pages = 894–902 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18923511 | pmc = 2721780 | doi = 10.1038/nature07455 |bibcode = 2008Natur.455..894K }}</ref><ref>Phillips J, Murray P, Kirk P., The biology of disease; pp.5-9 {{ISBN|978-0-632-05404-6}}</ref> * [[Serotonin]] is an important brain [[neurotransmitter]] (a chemical messenger). Some studies have found that people who tried to kill themselves had low brain serotonin levels. People who died by suicide had the lowest levels.<ref>David M. Stoff, Elizabeth J. Susman: Developmental psychobiology of aggression; Cambridge University Press (2005) {{ISBN|0-521-82601-2}}</ref><ref>S. Hossein Fatemi, Paula J. Clayton:The medical basis of psychiatry. p.562 Springer(1994);, {{ISBN|978-1-58829-917-8}}</ref> Low serotonin levels are a risk factor for suicide, even if a person has never had depression.<ref>J. John Mann, M.D., Neurobiological Aspects of Suicide</ref><ref>Roberto Tatarelli, Maurizio Pompili, Paolo Girardi: Suicide in psychiatric disorders. p.266; Nova Science Pub Inc;(2007) {{ISBN|1-60021-738-9}}</ref><ref>Alan F. Schatzberg: The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of mood disorders. p.489; American Psychiatric Publishing; (2005) {{ISBN|1-58562-151-X}}</ref> * Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF):<ref>BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor [ Homo sapiens ]Gene ID: 627, updated on 9-Sep-2012:[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/627]</ref> This is a [[protein]] that helps [[nerves]] grow. Problems with how BDNF works may help cause several mood disorders linked with suicidal behavior, including [[major depressive disorder]].<ref>Castrén E, Rantamäki T. Dev The role of BDNF and its receptors in depression and antidepressant drug action: Reactivation of developmental plasticity. Neurobiol. 2010 Apr;70(5):289-97. PMID 20186711</ref><ref>Molendijk ML, Bus BA, Spinhoven P, | display-authors = etal Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in major depressive disorder: state-trait issues, clinical features and pharmacological treatment. Mol Psychiatry. 2011 Nov;16(11):1088-95. doi: 10.1038/mp.2010.98. Epub 2010 Sep 21. PMID 20856249</ref> Studies of suicide victims have shown very low levels of BDNF in the [[hippocampus]] and [[prefrontal cortex]], even in people who had no mental illness.<ref>Sher L. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and suicidal behavior. QJM. 2011 May;104(5):455-8. PMID 21051476</ref><ref>Alan F. Schatzberg, Charles B: The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychopharmacology. pp-918-919. American Psychiatric Publishers Inc; 4 edition (2009) {{ISBN|1585623091}}</ref> Even if they have the same risk factors, some people are at a higher risk for suicide than others. This is partly because of [[Genetics|genetic inheritance]]. Genetics causes about 30–50% of [[variance|the difference in suicide risk]] among different people.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Brezo J| author2= Klempan T| author3= Turecki G |title=The genetics of suicide: a critical review of molecular studies |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_psychiatric-clinics-of-north-america_2008-06_31_2/page/179|journal= Psychiatr. Clin. North Am. |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=179–203 |date=June 2008 |pmid=18439443 |doi=10.1016/j.psc.2008.01.008}}</ref><ref name=National2002>{{cite book |author=Goldsmith, Sara K. |title=Reducing suicide: a national imperative |url=https://archive.org/details/reducingsuiciden00suic |publisher=National Academies Press |location=Washington, D.C |year=2002 |page=[https://archive.org/details/reducingsuiciden00suic/page/n157 141] |isbn=0-309-08321-4}}</ref><ref name=National2002 /> For example, a person whose parent died by suicide is much more likely to try to kill themselves.<ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 12114236 | volume=325 | issue=7355 | title=Familial, psychiatric, and socioeconomic risk factors for suicide in young people: nested case-control study | pmc=117126 |date=July 2002 | author=Agerbo E|author2= Nordentoft M|author3= Mortensen PB | journal=BMJ | pages=74| doi=10.1136/bmj.325.7355.74 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 12387960 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11197-4 | volume=360 | issue=9340 | title=Suicide risk in relation to family history of completed suicide and psychiatric disorders: a nested case-control study based on longitudinal registers |date=October 2002 | author=Qin P| author2= Agerbo E| author3= Mortensen PB | journal=Lancet | pages=1126–30| s2cid=36288342 }}</ref> [[Epigenetics]] may also affect suicide risk.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Krishnan | first1 = V. | last2 = Nestler | first2 = E. | title = Epigenetics in Suicide and Depression | journal = Biological Psychiatry | volume = 66 | issue = 9 | pages = 812–813 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19833253 | pmc = 2770810 | doi = 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.08.033 }}</ref><ref>Trygve Tollefsbol: Handbook of Epigenetics: The New Molecular and Medical Genetics. p.562: Elsevier Science;(2010);{{ISBN|0-12-375709-6}}</ref><ref>Arturas Petronis: Brain, Behavior and Epigenetics, p.61 Springer (2011);{{ISBN|3-642-17425-6}}</ref> {{clear}} ===Media coverage=== How the [[Mass media|media]] shows news stories of suicide may have a negative effect<ref>{{cite journal |author=Niederkrotenthaler T|author2= Herberth A|author3= Sonneck G |title=[The "Werther-effect": legend or reality?] |language=German |journal=Neuropsychiatr |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=284–90 |year=2007 |pmid=18082110 }}</ref> and trigger the possibility of [[copycat suicide]]s (this is called the [[Werther effect]]).<ref>{{cite journal |author=Stack S |title=Media coverage as a risk factor in suicide |journal=J Epidemiol Community Health |volume=57 |issue=4 |pages=238–40 |date=April 2003 |pmid=12646535 |pmc=1732435 |doi=10.1136/jech.57.4.238}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=O'Carroll PW, Potter LB |title=Suicide contagion and the reporting of suicide: recommendations from a national workshop. United States Department of Health and Human Services |journal=MMWR Recomm Rep |volume=43 |issue=RR–6 |pages=9–17 |date=April 1994 |pmid=8015544 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00031539.htm}}</ref> This risk is greater in teenagers and young adults.<ref>Thomas H. Ollendick, Carolyn S. Schroeder: Encyclopedia of clinical child and pediatric psychology, p.61; Springer;(2003) {{ISBN|0-306-47490-5}}</ref><ref>Marion Crook: Out of the darkness: teens and suicide p.56 Arsenal Pulp Press (2004) {{ISBN|1-55152-141-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Stack S |title=Suicide in the media: a quantitative review of studies based on non-fictional stories |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_suicide-life-threatening-behavior_2005-04_35_2/page/121 |journal=Suicide Life Threat Behav |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=121–33 |date=April 2005 |pmid=15843330 |doi=10.1521/suli.35.2.121.62877 }}</ref> The opposite of the Werther effect is the [[Papageno effect]]. This means that the media can help make suicide less likely if they cover good ways of dealing with stress and difficult things in life.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Niederkrotenthaler T |title=Role of media reports in completed and prevented suicide: Werther v. Papageno effects |journal=Br J Psychiatry |volume=197 |issue=3 |pages=234–43 |date=September 2010 |pmid=20807970 |doi=10.1192/bjp.bp.109.074633 |url=http://bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=20807970 |author2=Voracek M |author3=Herberth A |display-authors=3 |last4=Till |first4=B. |last5=Strauss |first5=M. |last6=Etzersdorfer |first6=E. |last7=Eisenwort |first7=B. |last8=Sonneck |first8=G.|s2cid=2302082 }}</ref> ===Others=== A person is also more likely to die by suicide if: * They have an item they can use to kill themselves * Someone in their family has died by suicide * They have had a head injury<ref>{{cite journal|author=Teasdale TW, Engberg AW|date=October 2001|title=Suicide after traumatic brain injury: a population study|journal=J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr.|volume=71|issue=4|pages=436–40|doi=10.1136/jnnp.71.4.436|pmc=1763534|pmid=11561024}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Simpson G, Tate R|date=December 2007|title=Suicidality in people surviving a traumatic brain injury: prevalence, risk factors and implications for clinical management|journal=Brain Inj|volume=21|issue=13–14|pages=1335–51|doi=10.1080/02699050701785542|pmid=18066936|s2cid=24562104}}</ref> * They [[Unemployment|do not have a job]]<ref name=":1">{{cite journal|author=Qin P|author2= Agerbo E|author3= Mortensen PB|date=April 2003|title=Suicide risk in relation to socioeconomic, demographic, psychiatric, and familial factors: a national register-based study of all suicides in Denmark, 1981–1997|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-psychiatry_2003-04_160_4/page/765|journal=Am J Psychiatry|volume=160|issue=4|pages=765–72|doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.160.4.765|pmid=12668367|hdl= 10818/17040}}</ref> * They are [[Poverty|poor]] or [[Homelessness|homeless]]<ref name=":1" /> * They have to deal with [[discrimination]]<ref name=":1" /> * They were [[Physical abuse|physically]] or [[Sexual abuse|sexually abused]] as a child<ref>{{cite journal|author=Dube SR|author2=Anda RF|author3=Felitti VJ|author4=Chapman DP|author5= Williamson DF|author6= Giles WH|date=December 2001|title=Childhood abuse, household dysfunction, and the risk of attempted suicide throughout the life span: findings from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study|journal=JAMA|volume=286|issue=24|pages=3089–96|doi=10.1001/jama.286.24.3089|pmid=11754674}}</ref> * They spent time in [[foster care]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mit.edu/~jjdoyle/doyle_fosterlt_march07_aer.pdf|title=Child Protection and Child Outcomes: measuring the effects of foster care|accessdate=2011-11-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-07-02-foster-study_N.htm|title=Study: Troubled homes better than foster care|last=Koch|first=Wendy|date=2007-07-03|work=USA Today|accessdate=2011-11-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lawrence|first1=CR|last2=Carlson|first2=EA|last3=Egeland|first3=B|year=2006|title=The impact of foster care on development|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_development-and-psychopathology_winter-2006_18_1/page/57|journal=Development and Psychopathology|volume=18|issue=1|pages=57–76|doi=10.1017/S0954579406060044|pmid=16478552|s2cid=1051095}}</ref> * They are under stress from something, for example a [[school]] assignment or work. * They are afflicted with [[gender dysphoria]] * They are being actively [[Harassment|harassed]], [[Bullying|bullied]] or [[Abuse|emotionally abused]]. ==Protective factors== Protective factors make it less likely that a person will die by suicide. They help ''protect'' a person from the risk of suicide. They can also help protect a suicidal person from the effects of suicidal thinking. Protective factors can be ''internal'', such as a person's personal strengths and beliefs. For example:<ref name=":2">Robert I. Simon: Preventing Patient Suicide: Clinical Assessment and Management American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.; 1 edition (2010) pp.51-57 {{ISBN|1585629340}}</ref> * Having [[skills]] like good ways of dealing with stress and solving problems * Having [[religious]] or [[cultural]] beliefs that say life is important * Having reasons for living<ref>Malone KM1, Oquendo MA, Haas GL, Ellis SP, | display-authors = etal Protective factors against suicidal acts in major depression: reasons for living. Am J Psychiatry. 2000 Jul;157(7):1084-8. PMID 10873915</ref> Protective factors can also be ''external,'' such as a person's [[Interpersonal relationship|relationships]] and life situation. These factors can include:<ref name=":2"/> * Having strong connections with family and friends who are supportive * Not being able to get items that are very deadly if used for a suicide attempt (like a [[gun]]) * Having someone who helps the person get the treatment and help they need * Being able to easily get good care and treatment for mental, physical, and substance abuse disorders Protective factors are as important to identify as risk factors. Just as risk factors can be reduced, protective factors can be increased. {{clear}} ==Prevention== {{Main|Suicide prevention}} Suicide prevention tries to decrease the number of suicides by using protective measures. Some prevention strategies make it harder for people to get the most common things used to commit suicide. This includes taking away guns, [[poison]]s, and drugs. Studies have shown that good treatment of depression, alcohol abuse, and drug abuse can decrease the number of suicides. So does follow-up contact with those who have made a suicide attempt.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/suicideprevent/en/|title=WHO&nbsp;— Suicide data|website=WHO}}</ref> In many countries, people at high risk of hurting themselves can check themselves into a hospital [[Emergency medicine|emergency department]]. In some countries or states, a doctor, [[judge]], or [[police officer]] can force a person to go to the hospital if they seem suicidal, even if the person does not want to go.{{fact|date=February 2016}} The person will be watched closely at the hospital to make sure they do not hurt themselves. A doctor or mental health professional will decide whether the person needs to go to a [[psychiatric hospital]]. "SOS Signs of Suicide" is a suicide prevention program used in [[secondary school]]s for students between 13 and 17 years old. The program educates students about suicide and tests them for suicide risk. Students who have done this program make fewer suicide attempts than students who have not done the program.<ref>SAMSHA"S National Registry of Evidence-based Programs and Practices. SOS Signs of Suicide [https://www.ammiraticounseling.com/specialities/anxiety/]{{Dead link|date=March 2021|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Suicide [[hotline]]s, and crisis intervention centers help students at high risk. They help people who have suicidal thoughts.<ref>Nolen-Hoeksema, Susan.''Abnormal Psychology, 6e.'' McGraw-Hill, 2014. pg. 210. {{ISBN|1308211503}}</ref> A suicide risk assessment looks at how likely a person is to attempt suicide. A good assessment can help prevent suicide. It is also the first step in coming up with a treatment plan. Even though suicide risk assessments are very important, they are usually not done. Many mental health care workers have little or no training in how to do a suicide risk assessment.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Albert R. Roberts |author2=Ianna Monferrari |author3=Kenneth R. Yeager |title=Avoiding Malpractice Lawsuits by Following Risk Assessment and Suicide Prevention Guidelines |url=http://btci.edina.clockss.org/cgi/reprint/8/1/5.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502194432/http://btci.edina.clockss.org/cgi/reprint/8/1/5.pdf |archivedate=2015-05-02}}</ref> ==Epidemiology== [[File:United States suicide rates 2009-CDC.gif|thumb|United States suicide rates in 2009.]][[File:Map of countries by suicide rate, WHO (2019).svg|thumb|365x365px|Map of the suicide rate (age-standardized, per 100,000 people) in the world as of 2019. {{Legend|#550000|> 30}} {{Legend|#bd0000|20–30}} {{Legend|#ff6c0a|15–20}} {{Legend|#ffcc00|10–15}} {{Legend|#00d400|5–10}} {{Legend|#009900|0–5}} {{Legend|#b9b9b9|Data unavailable}} ]] Worldwide, suicide rates have increased by 60% in the past 45 years, mainly in the [[developing country|developing countries]]. As of 2006:<ref>{{cite web |title=Suicide prevention |work=WHO Sites: Mental Health |publisher=World Health Organization |date=February 16, 2006 |url=http://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/suicideprevent/en/ |accessdate=2008-09-16}}</ref> * Suicide was the tenth leading cause of death in the world * About a million people die of suicide every year (this means that 16 out of every 100,000 people in the world died from suicide every year) * A person completed suicide every 40&nbsp;seconds According to 2007 information, suicides happen twice as often as [[homicide]]s in the United States. Suicide is the 11th leading cause of death in the country, ahead of [[liver disease]] and [[Parkinson's disease]].<ref>{{cite web |title=2007 Data |work=Suicide Prevention |publisher=Suicidology.org |year=2007 |url=http://www.suicidology.org/c/document_library/get_file?folderId=232&name=DLFE-232.pdf |accessdate=2011-01-13 |archive-date=2010-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203222741/http://www.suicidology.org/c/document_library/get_file?folderId=232&name=DLFE-232.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Suicide rates vary a great deal across the world. [[Lithuania]] has the highest suicide rate. 30% of deaths by suicide are by people who are [[Intoxication|intoxicated]].(<small>Source: SAMSHA)</small> In the United States, suicide has been increasing for [[African Americans|African American]] teens. [[Native American]]s and [[White people|whites]] have the highest rate of suicide in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/10/14/suicide-attempts-by-black-teens-are-increasing-study-says/|title = Suicide attempts by black teens are increasing, study says|date = 14 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Suicide-Related Risk among Racial and Ethnic Minority Youth: Important Considerations |url=https://www.youthsuicideresearch.org/blog/suicide-related-risk-among-racial-and-ethnic-minority-youthnbspimportant-considerationsblog/youthresearchorg |access-date=2020-10-13 |archive-date=2020-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013194106/https://www.youthsuicideresearch.org/blog/suicide-related-risk-among-racial-and-ethnic-minority-youthnbspimportant-considerationsblog/youthresearchorg |url-status=dead }}</ref> More blacks than whites have committed suicide during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>[https://www.usnews.com/news/health-news/articles/2020-12-17/pandemic-tied-to-higher-suicide-rate-in-blacks-lowered-rate-in-whites-study Pandemic Tied to Higher Suicide Rate in Blacks, Lowered Rate in Whites: Study]</ref> White men are most likely to commit suicide. White males account for nearly 70% of suicide deaths.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.brgeneral.org/news-blog/2021/july/men-and-suicide-why-are-white-men-most-at-risk-/|title = Men and Suicide: Why are white men most at risk?}}</ref> Middle-aged white men have the highest suicide rate.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://afsp.org/suicide-statistics/|title = Suicide statistics|date = 15 November 2019}}</ref> {{clear}} ==Methods== [[File:Suicide methods.gif|thumb|120px|Death rates of suicide methods in the United States]] The most common ways of death by suicide are not the same in every country. In different areas, they include hanging, [[pesticide]] poisoning, and [[firearms]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Ajdacic-Gross V |title=Methods of suicide: international suicide patterns derived from the WHO mortality database |journal=Bull. World Health Organ. |volume=86 |issue=9 |pages=726–32 |date=September 2008 |pmid=18797649 |pmc=2649482 |doi=10.2471/BLT.07.043489 |author2=Weiss MG |author3=Ring M |display-authors=3 |last4=Hepp |first4=U |last5=Bopp |first5=M |last6=Gutzwiller |first6=F |last7=Rössler |first7=W}}</ref> A 2008 report compared 56 countries using information from the [[World Health Organization]]. It found that: * Hanging was the most common method in most of the countries.<ref>Ajdacic-Gross, Vladeta, ''et al''. {{PDFlink|[http://www.scielosp.org/pdf/bwho/v86n9/a17v86n9.pdf "Methods of suicide: international suicide patterns derived from the WHO mortality database"]|267&nbsp;KB}}. ''[[Bulletin of the World Health Organization]]'' '''86''' (9): 726–732. September 2008. Retrieved 2 August 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110920054902/http://www.scielosp.org/pdf/bwho/v86n9/a17v86n9.pdf Archived] 2 August 2011. See [http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/86/9/07-043489/en/index.html html version]. * The data can be seen [http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/86/9/0042-9686_86_07-043489-table-T1.html here] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110923003222/http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/86/9/0042-9686_86_07-043489-table-T1.html|date=2011-09-23}}.</ref> 53% of men who committed suicide, and 39% of women, used hanging.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Rory C. |editor1-last=O'Connor |editor2-first=Stephen |editor2-last=Platt |editor3-first=Jacki |editor3-last=Gordon |title=International Handbook of Suicide Prevention: Research, Policy and Practice |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3fDGLWQtwFkC&pg=PA34 |date=1 June 2011 |publisher=John Wiley and Sons|isbn=978-1-119-99856-3|pages=34}}</ref> * Worldwide, 30% of people who die by suicide use pesticides. This method was most common in the [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] area, where over half of people who died by suicide used pesticides. It was least common in [[Europe]], where only 4% used this method.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Gunnell D|author2=Eddleston M|author3= Phillips MR|author4= Konradsen F |title=The global distribution of fatal pesticide self-poisoning: systematic review |journal=BMC Public Health |volume=7 |page=357 |year=2007 |pmid=18154668 |pmc=2262093 |doi=10.1186/1471-2458-7-357 |doi-access=free }}</ref> * In the United States 52% of suicides involve the use of firearms.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.suicide.org/suicide-statistics.html |title=U.S. Suicide Statistics (2005) |accessdate=2008-03-24}}</ref> * In the United States, [[asphyxiation]] and poisoning are also common. About 40% of suicides in the United States used one of these methods. Other people in the world die by suicide by: * [[Blunt force trauma]] (for example, from jumping off a building) * Cutting themselves and [[bleeding to death]] * [[Drowning]] themselves * [[Self-immolation|Setting themselves on fire]] * [[Electrocution|Electrocuting]] themselves * [[Starvation|Starving]] themselves Sometimes, suicidal people do something that will make another person kill them. For example, a suicidal person might point a gun at a police officer so the police officer will shoot the person in [[self-defense]]. This is commonly called "suicide by [[Police officer|cop]]." ==Views of suicide== Modern [[medicine]] treats suicide as a [[Mental illness|mental health]] issue. It is considered a medical emergency when a person starts having many thoughts about killing themselves. The [[Abrahamic religions]] (like [[Christianity]], [[Judaism]], and [[Islam]]) think that life is [[sacred]]. They believe that when a person kills themselves, they are murdering what God has made.{{fact|date=February 2016}} For this reason, many followers of Abrahamic religions think that when a person dies by suicide, they will go to [[Hell]]. The Dharmic and [[Taoist]] religions (like [[Buddhism]], [[Hinduism]], [[Jainism]], [[Taoism]], [[Confucianism]], and [[Shinto]]) believe that someone who dies by suicide will be [[Reincarnation|reincarnated]] in the next life with a less [[Enlightenment (Buddhism)|enlightened]] [[soul]]. However, many people of these religions are more likely to commit suicide because they believe there will be the next life.{{fact|date=April 2010}} They think that by dying by suicide, they may have a better chance in the next life.{{fact|date=April 2010}} ==Suicide as a weapon== There are several famous examples of [[suicide attack]]s in history. The [[Kamikaze]]s were one example. They were [[Japan]]ese fighter [[pilot]]s during [[World War II]], who would try to kill American soldiers by crashing their planes into American ships. By crashing their planes, they would kill themselves as well. The [[9/11|September 11, 2001]] [[terrorist]] attacks on the United States were also done by suicide attackers. They flew planes into the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] buildings and the [[Pentagon Force Protection Agency|Pentagon]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.history.com/topics/21st-century/9-11-attacks|title=9/11 Attacks|website=History com}}</ref> ==Help for suicidal people== '''Learn more about suicide and how to get help for yourself or others''' * [http://www.suicidepreventionlifeline.org Learn from the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118233024/http://www.suicidepreventionlifeline.org/ |date=2011-11-18 }} * [http://suicideprevention.ca Learn from the Canadian Association for Suicide Prevention] * [https://www.veteranscrisisline.net Help for military veterans] ===Hotlines=== ====United States==== * The National Suicide Prevention Lifeline 3 digit code: '''[tel:988 988]'''<ref name="CNN988">{{cite news |last1=CNN |first1=Jacqueline Howard and Veronica Stracqualursi |title=988: National Suicide Prevention Lifeline launches new 3-digit number |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/07/16/health/988-national-suicide-prevention-lifeline-launches/index.html |accessdate=16 July 2022 |publisher=CNN }}</ref> * List of hotlines for [[LGBT]] adults and young people (from the It Gets Better Project) * [http://lostallhope.com/suicide-methods http://lostallhope.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114064130/http://lostallhope.com/suicide-methods |date=2017-01-14 }} Online help for suicidal people. ====Canada==== * [http://suicideprevention.ca/thinking-about-suicide/find-a-crisis-centre/ Find a hotline near you] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160904152508/http://suicideprevention.ca/thinking-about-suicide/find-a-crisis-centre/ |date=2016-09-04 }} (list from the Canadian Association for Suicide Prevention) * [http://org.kidshelpphone.ca Kids Help Phone] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141121053424/http://org.kidshelpphone.ca/ |date=2014-11-21 }}: (800) 668-6868 (for kids and teenagers) ====Other countries==== * To find a hotline in your country, use one of these lists from the International Association for Suicide Prevention {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303191301/http://www.iasp.info/resources/Crisis_Centres/ |date=2016-03-03 }} or [http://www.befrienders.org/need-to-talk Befrienders Worldwide] * [http://www.crisistextline.org/ Crisis Text Line]: Text 741741 ==Related pages== * [[Suicide prevention]] * [[Euthanasia]] * [[Mass suicide]] * [[Overdose]] * [[Suicidal ideation]] * [[Suicide pact]] * [[Copycat suicide]] * [[Right to die]] * ''[[Seppuku]]'' * [[Gun]] * [[Poison]] * [[Carbon monoxide]] * [[Jumping]] ==References== {{reflist|2}} {{Sister project links|commonscat=yes}} ==Other websites== * [http://livethroughthis.org/the-project/ Live Through This] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610012553/http://livethroughthis.org/the-project |date=2014-06-10 }} (stories from people who survived being suicidal) * [http://www.tnjustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/C-SSRS-summary-description-1-12.pdf Landmark Study Finds Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale Predicts Suicide Attempt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525170929/https://www.tnjustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/C-SSRS-summary-description-1-12.pdf |date=2022-05-25 }} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tWuUR-LaVaI Rating Scale Successfully Predicts Suicide Attempts] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Suicide| ]] 7k4zrp19myx6rriium7r62pm70dlg52 10369411 10369323 2025-07-03T11:11:27Z 180.150.36.182 10369411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{see also|List of suicide crisis lines}} {{Infobox disease | Name = Suicide | Image = Édouard Manet - Le Suicidé (ca. 1877).jpg | Caption = ''The Suicide'' by [[Édouard Manet]] 1877–1881 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|X|60||x|60}}–{{ICD10|X|84||x|60}} |ICD9 = {{ICD9|E950}} |MedlinePlus = 001554 | eMedicineSubj = article | eMedicineTopic = 288598 | MeshName = Suicide | MeshNumber = F01.145.126.980.875 }} '''Suicide''' is when someone chooses to kill themselves.<ref>The word suicide comes from the [[Latin]] words ''sui caedere'', which means "to kill oneself".</ref> When someone kills themselves, people say that they have "committed suicide," "completed suicide," or "'''died by suicide'''". When a person seriously considers killing themselves, they are described as '''suicidal'''. Suicide is one of the top three causes of death for young people aged 14–35. It is the second most common [[cause of death]] for [[college]] students. Every 3&nbsp;seconds, a person somewhere in the world tries to kill themself. Every 40&nbsp;seconds, someone dies by suicide. For every suicide, at least six other people are seriously affected.(WHO 2000) When people start [[Suicidal ideation|having thoughts about killing themselves]], it may be a [[medical emergency]].<ref name=EB2011>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chang B, Gitlin D, Patel R | title = The depressed patient and suicidal patient in the emergency department: evidence-based management and treatment strategies | journal = Emergency Medicine Practice | volume = 13 | issue = 9 | pages = 1–23; quiz 23–4 | date = September 2011 | pmid = 22164363 }}</ref> They should get a [[suicide risk assessment]] as soon as possible. They should not be left alone. There are many reasons why a person might think about suicide. Most people who are suicidal have some type of [[mental disorder]]. They may have a [[chronic]] condition, which has been going on for a long time. But it may be an [[Acute (medicine)|acute]] condition, which means the first symptoms of [[mental illness]] happened rather quickly. [[Depression (mental illness)|Depression]] is a mental illness that may affect a person to have suicidal thoughts. Depression may also be a [[Signs and symptoms|symptom]] of other mental or medical disorders. Another mental condition which may lead to [[self-harm]] or suicide is [[schizophrenia]]. The [[Chronic stress|stress]] of life, and its events, like losing a job or getting sick, are less likely to cause suicide. Other causes of suicidal thoughts are extreme cases of bullying and [[social isolation]]. Although depression is the main factor in suicide, it is also [[Treatment|treatable]], and suicide is often preventable. ==Risk factors== [[File:Suicide-risk factors-protective factors.PNG|thumb|right|275px|Examples of suicide risk and protective factors.<br>Source: 2012 National Strategy for Suicide Prevention]] There are many [[risk factor]]s for suicide. However, it is important to remember that risk factors are not the same as causes. Risk factors do not ''cause'' suicide or suicidal thoughts. They only make it more likely that some people with those risk factors ''may'' become suicidal. If a person has a risk factor, that does not mean they will become suicidal. ===Mental disorders=== Mental illness is present at the time of suicide 27% to more than 90% of the time.<ref name="University of Manchester Centre for Mental Health and Risk">{{cite web|last=University of Manchester Centre for Mental Health and Risk|title=The National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness|url=http://www.medicine.manchester.ac.uk/cmhr/centreforsuicideprevention/nci/reports/annual_report_2012.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120714134607/http://www.medicine.manchester.ac.uk/cmhr/centreforsuicideprevention/nci/reports/annual_report_2012.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 July 2012|access-date=25 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Stone DM, Simon TR, Fowler KA, Kegler SR, Yuan K, Holland KM, Ivey-Stephenson AZ, Crosby AE | display-authors = 6 | title = Vital Signs: Trends in State Suicide Rates&nbsp;– United States, 1999–2016 and Circumstances Contributing to Suicide&nbsp;– 27 States, 2015 | journal = MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report | volume = 67 | issue = 22 | pages = 617–624 | date = June 2018 | pmid = 29879094 | pmc = 5991813 | doi = 10.15585/mmwr.mm6722a1 | issn=0149-2195 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Arsenault-Lapierre G, Kim C, Turecki G | title = Psychiatric diagnoses in 3275 suicides: a meta-analysis | journal = BMC Psychiatry | volume = 4 | issue = 1 | page = 37 | date = November 2004 | pmid = 15527502 | pmc = 534107 | doi = 10.1186/1471-244X-4-37 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Of those who have been hospitalized for suicidal behavior, the lifetime risk of completed suicide is 8.6%.<ref name=EB2011/><ref name=Bos2000>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bostwick JM, Pankratz VS | title = Affective disorders and suicide risk: a reexamination |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-psychiatry_2000-12_157_12/page/1925 | journal = The American Journal of Psychiatry | volume = 157 | issue = 12 | pages = 1925–32 | date = December 2000 | pmid = 11097952 | doi = 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.12.1925 }}</ref> Comparatively, non-suicidal people hospitalized for affective disorders have a 4% lifetime risk of suicide.<ref name=Bos2000/> Half of all people who die by suicide may have [[major depressive disorder]]; having this or one of the other [[mood disorder]]s such as [[bipolar disorder]] increases the risk of suicide 20-fold.<ref name=Che2012>{{cite book | first1 = Stan | last1 = Kutcher | first2 = Sonia | last2 = Chehil | name-list-style = vanc |title=Suicide Risk Management A Manual for Health Professionals.|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=Chicester|isbn=978-1-119-95311-1|pages=30–33|year=2012|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fV8_1u0c7l0C&pg=PA31|edition=2nd }}</ref> Other conditions implicated include [[schizophrenia]] (14%), [[personality disorder]]s (8%),<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pompili M, Girardi P, Ruberto A, Tatarelli R | s2cid = 27142497 | title = Suicide in borderline personality disorder: a meta-analysis | journal = Nordic Journal of Psychiatry | volume = 59 | issue = 5 | pages = 319–24 |year = 2005 | pmid = 16757458 | doi = 10.1080/08039480500320025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bertolote JM, Fleischmann A, De Leo D, Wasserman D | s2cid = 13331602 | title = Psychiatric diagnoses and suicide: revisiting the evidence | journal = Crisis | volume = 25 | issue = 4 | pages = 147–55 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15580849 | doi = 10.1027/0227-5910.25.4.147 }}</ref> [[obsessive compulsive disorder]],<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Angelakis I, Gooding P, Tarrier N, Panagioti M | title = Suicidality in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD): a systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = Clinical Psychology Review | volume = 39 | pages = 1–15 | date = July 2015 | pmid = 25875222 | doi = 10.1016/j.cpr.2015.03.002 }}</ref> and [[posttraumatic stress disorder]].<ref name=EB2011/> Those with [[autism spectrum disorder]]s also attempt and consider suicide more frequently.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Zahid S, Upthegrove R | s2cid = 10644601 | title = Suicidality in Autistic Spectrum Disorders | journal = Crisis | volume = 38 | issue = 4 | pages = 237–246 | date = July 2017 | pmid = 28468556 | doi = 10.1027/0227-5910/a000458 |url=http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/36723961/Zahid_Upthegrove_Suicidality_Autistic_Spectrum_Disorders_Crisis.pdf }}</ref> Among people with a mental disorder, 25% also have [[Alcoholism|alcohol abuse issues]]. People who abuse alcohol have a 50% greater risk of suicide than those who do not.<ref>Benjamin James Sadock, M.D., Virginia Alcott Sadock: Kapalan and Sadock's Concise Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; Third edition (2008) {{ISBN|0781787467}}</ref> While acts of [[self-harm]] are not considered suicide attempts, a person who self-harms may be more likely to die by suicide.<ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 17606825 | doi=10.1001/archpedi.161.7.634 | volume=161 | issue=7 | title=The relationship between self-injurious behavior and suicide in a young adult population |date=July 2007 | author=Whitlock J, Knox KL | journal=Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med | pages=634–40| s2cid=10521784 }}</ref> ====Emotions==== * [[wikt:hopeless|Hopelessness]]: Feeling like there is no chance that things will get better. Hopelessness is very common in people who die by suicide.<ref>American Psychiatric Association: American Psychiatric Association Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders: Compendium 2006. American Psychiatric Publishing; 1 edition (2006) pp.1410-1411 {{ISBN|0890423857}}</ref> * Perceived burdensomeness: When a person feels like they are a [[wikt:burden|burden]] to others (like they just cause problems for other people). Suicidal people often feel hopeless at the same time.<ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 20967639 | doi=10.1080/13607863.2010.501064 | volume=15 | issue=2 | title=The mediating effect of perceived burdensomeness on the relation between depressive symptoms and suicide ideation in a community sample of older adults |date=March 2011 | author=Jahn DR| author2=Cukrowicz KC| author3= Linton K| author4= Prabhu F | journal=Aging Ment Health | pages=214–20| s2cid=25980639 }}</ref> * [[Loneliness]]: Feeling alone. Sometimes people actually are alone; sometimes they just feel lonely. People are more likely to feel suicidal if:<ref>{{cite journal|author=You, S.|author2=Van Orden, K. A.|author3= Conner, K. R. |year=2010|title=Social connections and suicidal thoughts and behavior|journal=Psychology of Addictive Behaviors|volume=25|issue=1|pages=180–184|doi=10.1037/a0020936|pmc=3066301|pmid=21142333}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 11326767 | volume=31 | issue=1 | title=Loneliness in relation to suicide ideation and parasuicide: a population-wide study | year=2001 | author=Stravynski A, Boyer R | journal=Suicide Life Threat Behav | pages=32–40| doi=10.1521/suli.31.1.32.21312 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 16214699 | doi=10.1080/13607860500193062 | volume=9 | issue=6 | title=Social relationships as predictors of depression and suicidal ideation in older adults |date=November 2005 | author=Vanderhorst RK, McLaren S | journal=Aging Ment Health | pages=517–25| s2cid=34149310 }}</ref> ** They do not have people to support them, such as family and friends ** They feel like they do not belong or fit in with other people ** They live alone ====Substance abuse==== [[Substance abuse]] is the second most common reason for suicide and feeling suicidal. Only two serious mental illnesses - [[major depressive disorder|depression]] and [[bipolar disorder]] - cause more harm.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=D., PhD Frank |first1=Jerome |last2=Levin |first2=Jerome D |last3=S., PhD Piccirilli |first3=Richard |last4=Perrotto |first4=Richard S |last5=Culkin |first5=Joseph |title=Introduction to chemical dependency counseling |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=felzn3Ntd-cC&pg=RA1-PA151 |date=28 Sep 2001 |publisher=Jason Aronson |location=Northvale, NJ |isbn=978-0-7657-0289-0 |pages=150–152}}</ref> A person is at greater risk for suicide whether they have been using drugs for a long time or just a short time.<ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 17458329 | volume=19 | issue=1 | title=Psychological autopsy studies: the role of alcohol use in adolescent and young adult suicides | year=2007 | author=Giner L| author2=Carballo JJ| author3= Guija JA| display-authors = etal | journal=Int J Adolesc Med Health | pages=99–113| doi=10.1515/ijamh.2007.19.1.99 | s2cid=36487578 }}</ref> When a drug abuser is also suffering from great [[sadness]] or [[grief]], suicide is even more common.<ref name=behavioral_science_in_medicine>{{Cite book |last=Fadem |first=Barbara |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KB-g-oBfApsC |title=Behavioral science in medicine |date=1 Dec 2003 |publisher=Lippincott Williams Wilkins |location=Philadelphia |isbn= 978-0-7817-3669-5 |page=217}}</ref> ====Problem gambling==== Problem [[Gambling|gamblers]] have more [[suicidal ideation]] and make more suicide attempts compared to the general [[population]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Moreyra, P.|author2= Ibanez A.|author3= Saiz-Ruiz J.|author4= Nissenson K.|author5= Blanco C. |title=Review of the phenomenology, etiology and treatment of pathological gambling |journal=German Journal of Psychiatry |volume=3 |pages=37–52 |year=2000 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first1=Stefano |last1=Pallanti |first2=Nicolò Baldini |last2=Rossi |first3=Eric |last3=Hollander |chapter=11. Pathological Gambling |editor1-first=Eric |editor1-last=Hollander |editor2-first=Dan J. | editor2-last=Stein |title=Clinical manual of impulse-control disorders |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u2wVP8KJJtcC&pg=PA251 |year=2006 |publisher=American Psychiatric Pub |isbn=978-1-58562-136-1 |pages=251–289}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Volberg, R.A. |title=The epidemiology of pathological gambling |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_psychiatric-annals_2002-03_32_3/page/171 |journal=Psychiatric Annals |volume=32 |issue= 3|pages=171–8 |year=2002 |doi=10.3928/0048-5713-20020301-06 }}</ref> (Problem gambling is gambling that causes major problems in a person's life.) If a person becomes a problem gambler earlier in life, they have a higher risk of suicide for the rest of their life. Gambling-related suicide attempts are usually made by older people with gambling problems.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Kaminer Y|author2= Burleson JA|author3= Jadamec A |title=Gambling behavior in adolescent substance abuse |journal=Subst Abus |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=191–8 |date=September 2002 |pmid=12444352 |doi=10.1080/08897070209511489 |s2cid= 45274599|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08897070209511489?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated2003">{{cite journal | doi = 10.4088/JCP.v64n0908 | author = Kausch O | year = 2003 | title = Suicide attempts among veterans seeking treatment for pathological gambling | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-clinical-psychiatry_2003-09_64_9/page/1031 | journal = Journal of Clinical Psychiatry | volume = 64 | issue = 9| pages = 1031–8 | pmid = 14628978 }}</ref> Substance use<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/S0740-5472(03)00117-X | author = Kausch O | year = 2003 | title = Patterns of substance abuse among treatment-seeking pathological gamblers | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-substance-abuse-treatment_2003-12_25_4/page/263 | journal = Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment | volume = 25 | issue = 4| pages = 263–70 | pmid = 14693255 }}</ref><ref>Ladd, G. T., Petry N. M. (2003) A comparison of pathological gamblers with and without substance abuse treatment histories. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 11, 202-9.</ref> and mental disorders{{fact|date=February 2016}} increase the risk of suicide even more in people with problem gambling. ===Medical conditions=== There is a link between suicidality and medical conditions, including chronic [[pain]],<ref>{{cite journal |author=Ilgen MA| author2=Zivin K| author3=cCammon RJ| author4=lenstein M |title=Pain and suicidal thoughts, plans and attempts in the United States |journal=Gen Hosp Psychiatry |volume=30 |issue=6 |pages=521–7 |year=2008 |pmid=19061678 |pmc=2601576 |doi=10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2008.09.003 }}</ref> mild [[brain injury]], (MBI) or traumatic brain injury (TBI).<ref>{{cite journal |author=Simpson GK, Tate RL |title=Preventing suicide after traumatic brain injury: implications for general practice |journal=Med. J. Aust. |volume=187 |issue=4 |pages=229–32 |date=August 2007 |doi=10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01206.x |pmid=17708726 |s2cid=44454339 |url=http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/187_04_200807/sim11240_fm.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Teasdale TW, Engberg AW |title=Suicide after traumatic brain injury: a population study |journal=J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. |volume=71 |issue=4 |pages=436–40 |date=October 2001 |pmid=11561024 |pmc=1763534 |doi=10.1136/jnnp.71.4.436}}</ref> People with these conditions had a higher rate of suicide that was not caused by depression or alcohol abuse. People with more than one medical condition had an even higher risk of suicide.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Druss B, Pincus H |title=Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in general medical illnesses |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=160 |issue=10 |pages=1522–6 |date=May 2000 |pmid=10826468 |url=http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10826468 |doi=10.1001/archinte.160.10.1522 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Braden JB, Sullivan MD |title=Suicidal thoughts and behavior among adults with self-reported pain conditions in the national comorbidity survey replication |journal=J Pain |volume=9 |issue=12 |pages=1106–15 |date=December 2008 |pmid=19038772 |pmc=2614911 |doi=10.1016/j.jpain.2008.06.004 }}</ref> Problems with sleeping, such as [[insomnia]]<ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 22032872 | doi=10.1016/j.jad.2011.09.049 | title=Sleep problems outperform depression and hopelessness as cross-sectional and longitudinal predictors of suicidal ideation and behavior in young adults in the military |date=October 2011 | author=Ribeiro JD| author2= Pease JL| author3= Gutierrez PM | display-authors = etal | journal=J Affect Disord | volume=136 | issue=3 | pages=743–50}}</ref> and [[sleep apnea]], may be risk factors for depression and suicide. In some people, the sleep problem itself, not depression, may be what increases their risk for depression.<ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 16268383 | volume=28 | issue=9 | title=Suicidality and sleep disturbances |date=September 2005 | author=Bernert RA| author2=Joiner TE| author3=Cukrowicz KC| author4= Schmidt NB| author5= Krakow B | journal=Sleep | pages=1135–41| doi=10.1093/sleep/28.9.1135 }}</ref> People being treated for mood disorders should be checked by a [[Medical doctor|doctor]]. This should include a physical examination and [[blood test]]s. This can ensure the person's mood disorder is not caused by a medical problem. Many medical conditions can cause problems with mood and thinking.<ref name=":0">Janis Cutler, Eric Marcus. Psychiatry Oxford University Press, USA; 2 edition (2010) p.82 {{ISBN|0195372743}}</ref> Seeing a doctor will also help make sure that it is safe to [[Prescription|prescribe]] [[medication]]s for the person's mood disorder.<ref name=":0"/> ====Biology==== [[File:Brain maturation ages 5-20.gif|thumb|left|<center>'''Brain immaturity'''</center><br>The human brain does not mature until the ages of 20-25. This clip shows the changes in ''grey matter'' between the ages of 5-20. Brain immaturity may have an influence on youth suicide.<ref>B.J. Casey, Rebecca M. Jones,a and Todd A. Hareb. The Adolescent Brain. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008 March; 1124: 111–126. doi: 10.1196/annals.1440.010 PMCID: PMC2475802 NIHMSID: NIHMS56148 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2475802/]</ref>]] Some mental disorders that are risk factors for suicide may be partly caused by problems in the [[brain]] and body.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Krishnan | first1 = V. | last2 = Nestler | first2 = E. | title = The molecular neurobiology of depression | journal = Nature | volume = 455 | issue = 7215 | pages = 894–902 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18923511 | pmc = 2721780 | doi = 10.1038/nature07455 |bibcode = 2008Natur.455..894K }}</ref><ref>Phillips J, Murray P, Kirk P., The biology of disease; pp.5-9 {{ISBN|978-0-632-05404-6}}</ref> * [[Serotonin]] is an important brain [[neurotransmitter]] (a chemical messenger). Some studies have found that people who tried to kill themselves had low brain serotonin levels. People who died by suicide had the lowest levels.<ref>David M. Stoff, Elizabeth J. Susman: Developmental psychobiology of aggression; Cambridge University Press (2005) {{ISBN|0-521-82601-2}}</ref><ref>S. Hossein Fatemi, Paula J. Clayton:The medical basis of psychiatry. p.562 Springer(1994);, {{ISBN|978-1-58829-917-8}}</ref> Low serotonin levels are a risk factor for suicide, even if a person has never had depression.<ref>J. John Mann, M.D., Neurobiological Aspects of Suicide</ref><ref>Roberto Tatarelli, Maurizio Pompili, Paolo Girardi: Suicide in psychiatric disorders. p.266; Nova Science Pub Inc;(2007) {{ISBN|1-60021-738-9}}</ref><ref>Alan F. Schatzberg: The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of mood disorders. p.489; American Psychiatric Publishing; (2005) {{ISBN|1-58562-151-X}}</ref> * Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF):<ref>BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor [ Homo sapiens ]Gene ID: 627, updated on 9-Sep-2012:[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/627]</ref> This is a [[protein]] that helps [[nerves]] grow. Problems with how BDNF works may help cause several mood disorders linked with suicidal behavior, including [[major depressive disorder]].<ref>Castrén E, Rantamäki T. Dev The role of BDNF and its receptors in depression and antidepressant drug action: Reactivation of developmental plasticity. Neurobiol. 2010 Apr;70(5):289-97. PMID 20186711</ref><ref>Molendijk ML, Bus BA, Spinhoven P, | display-authors = etal Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in major depressive disorder: state-trait issues, clinical features and pharmacological treatment. Mol Psychiatry. 2011 Nov;16(11):1088-95. doi: 10.1038/mp.2010.98. Epub 2010 Sep 21. PMID 20856249</ref> Studies of suicide victims have shown very low levels of BDNF in the [[hippocampus]] and [[prefrontal cortex]], even in people who had no mental illness.<ref>Sher L. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and suicidal behavior. QJM. 2011 May;104(5):455-8. PMID 21051476</ref><ref>Alan F. Schatzberg, Charles B: The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychopharmacology. pp-918-919. American Psychiatric Publishers Inc; 4 edition (2009) {{ISBN|1585623091}}</ref> Even if they have the same risk factors, some people are at a higher risk for suicide than others. This is partly because of [[Genetics|genetic inheritance]]. Genetics causes about 30–50% of [[variance|the difference in suicide risk]] among different people.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Brezo J| author2= Klempan T| author3= Turecki G |title=The genetics of suicide: a critical review of molecular studies |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_psychiatric-clinics-of-north-america_2008-06_31_2/page/179|journal= Psychiatr. Clin. North Am. |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=179–203 |date=June 2008 |pmid=18439443 |doi=10.1016/j.psc.2008.01.008}}</ref><ref name=National2002>{{cite book |author=Goldsmith, Sara K. |title=Reducing suicide: a national imperative |url=https://archive.org/details/reducingsuiciden00suic |publisher=National Academies Press |location=Washington, D.C |year=2002 |page=[https://archive.org/details/reducingsuiciden00suic/page/n157 141] |isbn=0-309-08321-4}}</ref><ref name=National2002 /> For example, a person whose parent died by suicide is much more likely to try to kill themselves.<ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 12114236 | volume=325 | issue=7355 | title=Familial, psychiatric, and socioeconomic risk factors for suicide in young people: nested case-control study | pmc=117126 |date=July 2002 | author=Agerbo E|author2= Nordentoft M|author3= Mortensen PB | journal=BMJ | pages=74| doi=10.1136/bmj.325.7355.74 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 12387960 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11197-4 | volume=360 | issue=9340 | title=Suicide risk in relation to family history of completed suicide and psychiatric disorders: a nested case-control study based on longitudinal registers |date=October 2002 | author=Qin P| author2= Agerbo E| author3= Mortensen PB | journal=Lancet | pages=1126–30| s2cid=36288342 }}</ref> [[Epigenetics]] may also affect suicide risk.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Krishnan | first1 = V. | last2 = Nestler | first2 = E. | title = Epigenetics in Suicide and Depression | journal = Biological Psychiatry | volume = 66 | issue = 9 | pages = 812–813 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19833253 | pmc = 2770810 | doi = 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.08.033 }}</ref><ref>Trygve Tollefsbol: Handbook of Epigenetics: The New Molecular and Medical Genetics. p.562: Elsevier Science;(2010);{{ISBN|0-12-375709-6}}</ref><ref>Arturas Petronis: Brain, Behavior and Epigenetics, p.61 Springer (2011);{{ISBN|3-642-17425-6}}</ref> {{clear}} ===Media coverage=== How the [[Mass media|media]] shows news stories of suicide may have a negative effect<ref>{{cite journal |author=Niederkrotenthaler T|author2= Herberth A|author3= Sonneck G |title=[The "Werther-effect": legend or reality?] |language=German |journal=Neuropsychiatr |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=284–90 |year=2007 |pmid=18082110 }}</ref> and trigger the possibility of [[copycat suicide]]s (this is called the [[Werther effect]]).<ref>{{cite journal |author=Stack S |title=Media coverage as a risk factor in suicide |journal=J Epidemiol Community Health |volume=57 |issue=4 |pages=238–40 |date=April 2003 |pmid=12646535 |pmc=1732435 |doi=10.1136/jech.57.4.238}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=O'Carroll PW, Potter LB |title=Suicide contagion and the reporting of suicide: recommendations from a national workshop. United States Department of Health and Human Services |journal=MMWR Recomm Rep |volume=43 |issue=RR–6 |pages=9–17 |date=April 1994 |pmid=8015544 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00031539.htm}}</ref> This risk is greater in teenagers and young adults.<ref>Thomas H. Ollendick, Carolyn S. Schroeder: Encyclopedia of clinical child and pediatric psychology, p.61; Springer;(2003) {{ISBN|0-306-47490-5}}</ref><ref>Marion Crook: Out of the darkness: teens and suicide p.56 Arsenal Pulp Press (2004) {{ISBN|1-55152-141-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Stack S |title=Suicide in the media: a quantitative review of studies based on non-fictional stories |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_suicide-life-threatening-behavior_2005-04_35_2/page/121 |journal=Suicide Life Threat Behav |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=121–33 |date=April 2005 |pmid=15843330 |doi=10.1521/suli.35.2.121.62877 }}</ref> The opposite of the Werther effect is the [[Papageno effect]]. This means that the media can help make suicide less likely if they cover good ways of dealing with stress and difficult things in life.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Niederkrotenthaler T |title=Role of media reports in completed and prevented suicide: Werther v. Papageno effects |journal=Br J Psychiatry |volume=197 |issue=3 |pages=234–43 |date=September 2010 |pmid=20807970 |doi=10.1192/bjp.bp.109.074633 |url=http://bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=20807970 |author2=Voracek M |author3=Herberth A |display-authors=3 |last4=Till |first4=B. |last5=Strauss |first5=M. |last6=Etzersdorfer |first6=E. |last7=Eisenwort |first7=B. |last8=Sonneck |first8=G.|s2cid=2302082 }}</ref> ===Others=== A person is also more likely to die by suicide if: * They have an item they can use to kill themselves * Someone in their family has died by suicide * They have had a head injury<ref>{{cite journal|author=Teasdale TW, Engberg AW|date=October 2001|title=Suicide after traumatic brain injury: a population study|journal=J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr.|volume=71|issue=4|pages=436–40|doi=10.1136/jnnp.71.4.436|pmc=1763534|pmid=11561024}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Simpson G, Tate R|date=December 2007|title=Suicidality in people surviving a traumatic brain injury: prevalence, risk factors and implications for clinical management|journal=Brain Inj|volume=21|issue=13–14|pages=1335–51|doi=10.1080/02699050701785542|pmid=18066936|s2cid=24562104}}</ref> * They [[Unemployment|do not have a job]]<ref name=":1">{{cite journal|author=Qin P|author2= Agerbo E|author3= Mortensen PB|date=April 2003|title=Suicide risk in relation to socioeconomic, demographic, psychiatric, and familial factors: a national register-based study of all suicides in Denmark, 1981–1997|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-psychiatry_2003-04_160_4/page/765|journal=Am J Psychiatry|volume=160|issue=4|pages=765–72|doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.160.4.765|pmid=12668367|hdl= 10818/17040}}</ref> * They are [[Poverty|poor]] or [[Homelessness|homeless]]<ref name=":1" /> * They have to deal with [[discrimination]]<ref name=":1" /> * They were [[Physical abuse|physically]] or [[Sexual abuse|sexually abused]] as a child<ref>{{cite journal|author=Dube SR|author2=Anda RF|author3=Felitti VJ|author4=Chapman DP|author5= Williamson DF|author6= Giles WH|date=December 2001|title=Childhood abuse, household dysfunction, and the risk of attempted suicide throughout the life span: findings from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study|journal=JAMA|volume=286|issue=24|pages=3089–96|doi=10.1001/jama.286.24.3089|pmid=11754674}}</ref> * They spent time in [[foster care]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mit.edu/~jjdoyle/doyle_fosterlt_march07_aer.pdf|title=Child Protection and Child Outcomes: measuring the effects of foster care|accessdate=2011-11-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-07-02-foster-study_N.htm|title=Study: Troubled homes better than foster care|last=Koch|first=Wendy|date=2007-07-03|work=USA Today|accessdate=2011-11-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lawrence|first1=CR|last2=Carlson|first2=EA|last3=Egeland|first3=B|year=2006|title=The impact of foster care on development|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_development-and-psychopathology_winter-2006_18_1/page/57|journal=Development and Psychopathology|volume=18|issue=1|pages=57–76|doi=10.1017/S0954579406060044|pmid=16478552|s2cid=1051095}}</ref> * They are under stress from something, for example a [[school]] assignment or work. * They are afflicted with [[gender dysphoria]] * They are being actively [[Harassment|harassed]], [[Bullying|bullied]] or [[Abuse|emotionally abused]]. ==Protective factors== Protective factors make it less likely that a person will die by suicide. They help ''protect'' a person from the risk of suicide. They can also help protect a suicidal person from the effects of suicidal thinking. Protective factors can be ''internal'', such as a person's personal strengths and beliefs. For example:<ref name=":2">Robert I. Simon: Preventing Patient Suicide: Clinical Assessment and Management American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.; 1 edition (2010) pp.51-57 {{ISBN|1585629340}}</ref> * Having [[skills]] like good ways of dealing with stress and solving problems * Having [[religious]] or [[cultural]] beliefs that say life is important * Having reasons for living<ref>Malone KM1, Oquendo MA, Haas GL, Ellis SP, | display-authors = etal Protective factors against suicidal acts in major depression: reasons for living. Am J Psychiatry. 2000 Jul;157(7):1084-8. PMID 10873915</ref> Protective factors can also be ''external,'' such as a person's [[Interpersonal relationship|relationships]] and life situation. These factors can include:<ref name=":2"/> * Having strong connections with family and friends who are supportive * Not being able to get items that are very deadly if used for a suicide attempt (like a [[gun]]) * Having someone who helps the person get the treatment and help they need * Being able to easily get good care and treatment for mental, physical, and substance abuse disorders Protective factors are as important to identify as risk factors. Just as risk factors can be reduced, protective factors can be increased. {{clear}} ==Prevention== {{Main|Suicide prevention}} Suicide prevention tries to decrease the number of suicides by using protective measures. Some prevention strategies make it harder for people to get the most common things used to commit suicide. This includes taking away guns, [[poison]]s, and drugs. Studies have shown that good treatment of depression, alcohol abuse, and drug abuse can decrease the number of suicides. So does follow-up contact with those who have made a suicide attempt.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/suicideprevent/en/|title=WHO&nbsp;— Suicide data|website=WHO}}</ref> In many countries, people at high risk of hurting themselves can check themselves into a hospital [[Emergency medicine|emergency department]]. In some countries or states, a doctor, [[judge]], or [[police officer]] can force a person to go to the hospital if they seem suicidal, even if the person does not want to go.{{fact|date=February 2016}} The person will be watched closely at the hospital to make sure they do not hurt themselves. A doctor or mental health professional will decide whether the person needs to go to a [[psychiatric hospital]]. "SOS Signs of Suicide" is a suicide prevention program used in [[secondary school]]s for students between 13 and 17 years old. The program educates students about suicide and tests them for suicide risk. Students who have done this program make fewer suicide attempts than students who have not done the program.<ref>SAMSHA"S National Registry of Evidence-based Programs and Practices. SOS Signs of Suicide [https://www.ammiraticounseling.com/specialities/anxiety/]{{Dead link|date=March 2021|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Suicide [[hotline]]s, and crisis intervention centers help students at high risk. They help people who have suicidal thoughts.<ref>Nolen-Hoeksema, Susan.''Abnormal Psychology, 6e.'' McGraw-Hill, 2014. pg. 210. {{ISBN|1308211503}}</ref> A suicide risk assessment looks at how likely a person is to attempt suicide. A good assessment can help prevent suicide. It is also the first step in coming up with a treatment plan. Even though suicide risk assessments are very important, they are usually not done. Many mental health care workers have little or no training in how to do a suicide risk assessment.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Albert R. Roberts |author2=Ianna Monferrari |author3=Kenneth R. Yeager |title=Avoiding Malpractice Lawsuits by Following Risk Assessment and Suicide Prevention Guidelines |url=http://btci.edina.clockss.org/cgi/reprint/8/1/5.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502194432/http://btci.edina.clockss.org/cgi/reprint/8/1/5.pdf |archivedate=2015-05-02}}</ref> ==Epidemiology== [[File:United States suicide rates 2009-CDC.gif|thumb|United States suicide rates in 2009.]][[File:Map of countries by suicide rate, WHO (2019).svg|thumb|365x365px|Map of the suicide rate (age-standardized, per 100,000 people) in the world as of 2019. {{Legend|#550000|> 30}} {{Legend|#bd0000|20–30}} {{Legend|#ff6c0a|15–20}} {{Legend|#ffcc00|10–15}} {{Legend|#00d400|5–10}} {{Legend|#009900|0–5}} {{Legend|#b9b9b9|Data unavailable}} ]] Worldwide, suicide rates have increased by 60% in the past 45 years, mainly in the [[developing country|developing countries]]. As of 2006:<ref>{{cite web |title=Suicide prevention |work=WHO Sites: Mental Health |publisher=World Health Organization |date=February 16, 2006 |url=http://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/suicideprevent/en/ |accessdate=2008-09-16}}</ref> * Suicide was the tenth leading cause of death in the world * About a million people die of suicide every year (this means that 16 out of every 100,000 people in the world died from suicide every year) * A person completed suicide every 40&nbsp;seconds According to 2007 information, suicides happen twice as often as [[homicide]]s in the United States. Suicide is the 11th leading cause of death in the country, ahead of [[liver disease]] and [[Parkinson's disease]].<ref>{{cite web |title=2007 Data |work=Suicide Prevention |publisher=Suicidology.org |year=2007 |url=http://www.suicidology.org/c/document_library/get_file?folderId=232&name=DLFE-232.pdf |accessdate=2011-01-13 |archive-date=2010-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203222741/http://www.suicidology.org/c/document_library/get_file?folderId=232&name=DLFE-232.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Suicide rates vary a great deal across the world. [[Lithuania]] has the highest suicide rate. 30% of deaths by suicide are by people who are [[Intoxication|intoxicated]].(<small>Source: SAMSHA)</small> In the United States, suicide has been increasing for [[African Americans|African American]] teens. [[Native American]]s and [[White people|whites]] have the highest rate of suicide in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/10/14/suicide-attempts-by-black-teens-are-increasing-study-says/|title = Suicide attempts by black teens are increasing, study says|date = 14 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Suicide-Related Risk among Racial and Ethnic Minority Youth: Important Considerations |url=https://www.youthsuicideresearch.org/blog/suicide-related-risk-among-racial-and-ethnic-minority-youthnbspimportant-considerationsblog/youthresearchorg |access-date=2020-10-13 |archive-date=2020-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013194106/https://www.youthsuicideresearch.org/blog/suicide-related-risk-among-racial-and-ethnic-minority-youthnbspimportant-considerationsblog/youthresearchorg |url-status=dead }}</ref> More blacks than whites have committed suicide during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>[https://www.usnews.com/news/health-news/articles/2020-12-17/pandemic-tied-to-higher-suicide-rate-in-blacks-lowered-rate-in-whites-study Pandemic Tied to Higher Suicide Rate in Blacks, Lowered Rate in Whites: Study]</ref> White men are most likely to commit suicide. White males account for nearly 70% of suicide deaths.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.brgeneral.org/news-blog/2021/july/men-and-suicide-why-are-white-men-most-at-risk-/|title = Men and Suicide: Why are white men most at risk?}}</ref> Middle-aged white men have the highest suicide rate.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://afsp.org/suicide-statistics/|title = Suicide statistics|date = 15 November 2019}}</ref> {{clear}} ==Methods== [[File:Suicide methods.gif|thumb|120px|Death rates of suicide methods in the United States]] The most common ways of death by suicide are not the same in every country. In different areas, they include hanging, [[pesticide]] poisoning, and [[firearms]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Ajdacic-Gross V |title=Methods of suicide: international suicide patterns derived from the WHO mortality database |journal=Bull. World Health Organ. |volume=86 |issue=9 |pages=726–32 |date=September 2008 |pmid=18797649 |pmc=2649482 |doi=10.2471/BLT.07.043489 |author2=Weiss MG |author3=Ring M |display-authors=3 |last4=Hepp |first4=U |last5=Bopp |first5=M |last6=Gutzwiller |first6=F |last7=Rössler |first7=W}}</ref> A 2008 report compared 56 countries using information from the [[World Health Organization]]. It found that: * Hanging was the most common method in most of the countries.<ref>Ajdacic-Gross, Vladeta, ''et al''. {{PDFlink|[http://www.scielosp.org/pdf/bwho/v86n9/a17v86n9.pdf "Methods of suicide: international suicide patterns derived from the WHO mortality database"]|267&nbsp;KB}}. ''[[Bulletin of the World Health Organization]]'' '''86''' (9): 726–732. September 2008. Retrieved 2 August 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110920054902/http://www.scielosp.org/pdf/bwho/v86n9/a17v86n9.pdf Archived] 2 August 2011. See [http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/86/9/07-043489/en/index.html html version]. * The data can be seen [http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/86/9/0042-9686_86_07-043489-table-T1.html here] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110923003222/http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/86/9/0042-9686_86_07-043489-table-T1.html|date=2011-09-23}}.</ref> 53% of men who committed suicide, and 39% of women, used hanging.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Rory C. |editor1-last=O'Connor |editor2-first=Stephen |editor2-last=Platt |editor3-first=Jacki |editor3-last=Gordon |title=International Handbook of Suicide Prevention: Research, Policy and Practice |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3fDGLWQtwFkC&pg=PA34 |date=1 June 2011 |publisher=John Wiley and Sons|isbn=978-1-119-99856-3|pages=34}}</ref> * Worldwide, 30% of people who die by suicide use pesticides. This method was most common in the [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] area, where over half of people who died by suicide used pesticides. It was least common in [[Europe]], where only 4% used this method.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Gunnell D|author2=Eddleston M|author3= Phillips MR|author4= Konradsen F |title=The global distribution of fatal pesticide self-poisoning: systematic review |journal=BMC Public Health |volume=7 |page=357 |year=2007 |pmid=18154668 |pmc=2262093 |doi=10.1186/1471-2458-7-357 |doi-access=free }}</ref> * In the United States 52% of suicides involve the use of firearms.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.suicide.org/suicide-statistics.html |title=U.S. Suicide Statistics (2005) |accessdate=2008-03-24}}</ref> * In the United States, [[asphyxiation]] and poisoning are also common. About 40% of suicides in the United States used one of these methods. Other people in the world die by suicide by: * [[Blunt force trauma]] (for example, from jumping off a building) * Cutting themselves and [[bleeding to death]] * [[Drowning]] themselves * [[Self-immolation|Setting themselves on fire]] * [[Electrocution|Electrocuting]] themselves * [[Starvation|Starving]] themselves Sometimes, suicidal people do something that will make another person kill them. For example, a suicidal person might point a gun at a police officer so the police officer will shoot the person in [[self-defense]]. This is commonly called "suicide by [[Police officer|cop]]." ==Views of suicide== Modern [[medicine]] treats suicide as a [[Mental illness|mental health]] issue. It is considered a medical emergency when a person starts having many thoughts about killing themselves. The [[Abrahamic religions]] (like [[Christianity]], [[Judaism]], and [[Islam]]) think that life is [[sacred]]. They believe that when a person kills themselves, they are murdering what God has made.{{fact|date=February 2016}} For this reason, many followers of Abrahamic religions think that when a person dies by suicide, they will go to [[Hell]]. The Dharmic and [[Taoist]] religions (like [[Buddhism]], [[Hinduism]], [[Jainism]], [[Taoism]], [[Confucianism]], and [[Shinto]]) believe that someone who dies by suicide will be [[Reincarnation|reincarnated]] in the next life with a less [[Enlightenment (Buddhism)|enlightened]] [[soul]]. However, many people of these religions are more likely to commit suicide because they believe there will be the next life.{{fact|date=April 2010}} They think that by dying by suicide, they may have a better chance in the next life.{{fact|date=April 2010}} ==Suicide as a weapon== There are several famous examples of [[suicide attack]]s in history. The [[Kamikaze]]s were one example. They were [[Japan]]ese fighter [[pilot]]s during [[World War II]], who would try to kill American soldiers by crashing their planes into American ships. By crashing their planes, they would kill themselves as well. The [[9/11|September 11, 2001]] [[terrorist]] attacks on the United States were also done by suicide attackers. They flew planes into the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] buildings and the [[Pentagon Force Protection Agency|Pentagon]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.history.com/topics/21st-century/9-11-attacks|title=9/11 Attacks|website=History com}}</ref> ==Help for suicidal people== '''Learn more about suicide and how to get help for yourself or others''' * [http://www.suicidepreventionlifeline.org Learn from the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118233024/http://www.suicidepreventionlifeline.org/ |date=2011-11-18 }} * [http://suicideprevention.ca Learn from the Canadian Association for Suicide Prevention] * [https://www.veteranscrisisline.net Help for military veterans] ===Hotlines=== ====United States==== * The National Suicide Prevention Lifeline 3 digit code: '''[tel:988 988]'''<ref name="CNN988">{{cite news |last1=CNN |first1=Jacqueline Howard and Veronica Stracqualursi |title=988: National Suicide Prevention Lifeline launches new 3-digit number |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/07/16/health/988-national-suicide-prevention-lifeline-launches/index.html |accessdate=16 July 2022 |publisher=CNN }}</ref> * List of hotlines for [[LGBT]] adults and young people (from the It Gets Better Project) * [http://lostallhope.com/suicide-methods http://lostallhope.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114064130/http://lostallhope.com/suicide-methods |date=2017-01-14 }} Online help for suicidal people. ====Canada==== * [http://suicideprevention.ca/thinking-about-suicide/find-a-crisis-centre/ Find a hotline near you] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160904152508/http://suicideprevention.ca/thinking-about-suicide/find-a-crisis-centre/ |date=2016-09-04 }} (list from the Canadian Association for Suicide Prevention) * [http://org.kidshelpphone.ca Kids Help Phone] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141121053424/http://org.kidshelpphone.ca/ |date=2014-11-21 }}: (800) 668-6868 (for kids and teenagers) ====Other countries==== * To find a hotline in your country, use one of these lists from the International Association for Suicide Prevention {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303191301/http://www.iasp.info/resources/Crisis_Centres/ |date=2016-03-03 }} or [http://www.befrienders.org/need-to-talk Befrienders Worldwide] * [http://www.crisistextline.org/ Crisis Text Line]: Text 741741 ==Related pages== * [[Suicide prevention]] * [[Euthanasia]] * [[Mass suicide]] * [[Overdose]] * [[Suicidal ideation]] * [[Suicide pact]] * [[Copycat suicide]] * [[Right to die]] * ''[[Seppuku]]'' * [[Gun]] * [[Poison]] * [[Carbon monoxide]] * [[Jumping]] ==References== {{reflist|2}} {{Sister project links|commonscat=yes}} ==Other websites== * [http://livethroughthis.org/the-project/ Live Through This] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610012553/http://livethroughthis.org/the-project |date=2014-06-10 }} (stories from people who survived being suicidal) * [http://www.tnjustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/C-SSRS-summary-description-1-12.pdf Landmark Study Finds Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale Predicts Suicide Attempt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525170929/https://www.tnjustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/C-SSRS-summary-description-1-12.pdf |date=2022-05-25 }} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tWuUR-LaVaI Rating Scale Successfully Predicts Suicide Attempts] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Suicide| ]] 4djcvva959xivxpqlro0kkzx8h9ocxb 0 10590 10368960 10240165 2025-07-03T04:46:55Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 typo: 3 duplications 10368960 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}} {{Infobox deity <!--Wikipedia:WikiProject Hindu mythology--> | type = Hindu | image = Lord Hari.jpg | name = Vishnu | caption = Depiction of Vishnu bearing his attributes | affiliation = {{hlist|[[Trimurti]]|[[Brahman]]|Bhagavan|Ishvara|Dashavatara}} | deity_of = God of Preservation<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of World Religions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dbibAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA445|year=2008|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.|isbn=978-1-59339-491-2 |pages=445–448}}</ref> {{hlist|God of Time<ref>{{cite book|author=Wendy Doniger|title=Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780877790440|url-access=registration|year=1999|publisher=Merriam-Webster|isbn=978-0-87779-044-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780877790440/page/1134 1134]}}</ref>|The Protector of Good {{Sfn|Soifer|1991|p=85}}|Bestower of [[Karma]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_4WZTj3M71y0C|title=Karma and Rebirth in Classical Indian Traditions|first1=Wendy|last1=Doniger|first2=Wendy Doniger|last2=O'Flaherty|date=1 January 1980|publisher=University of California Press|access-date=26 January 2019|via=Internet Archive}}</ref><br>[[Brahman|The Supreme Being]] ([[Vaishnavism]])<ref>{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KItocaxbibUC&dq=vishnu+supreme+being+vaishnavism&pg=PA112| isbn=9788175330832| title=Indian Civilization and Culture| year=1998| publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt.| access-date=20 March 2023| archive-date=26 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326040621/https://books.google.com/books?id=KItocaxbibUC&dq=vishnu+supreme+being+vaishnavism&pg=PA112| url-status=live}}</ref>}} | abode = {{hlist|Vaikuntha|[[Kshira Sagara]]}} | mantra = * Om Namo Narayanaya * Om Namo Bhagavate Vāsudevāya * Hari Om | weapon = * [[Sudarshana Chakra]] (discus) * [[Kaumodaki]] ([[Gada (weapon)|mace]]) * Sharanga (bow) * Nandaka (sword)<ref name=jones492>{{cite book|author1=Constance Jones|author2=James D. Ryan|title=Encyclopedia of Hinduism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OgMmceadQ3gC|year=2006|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-8160-7564-5|pages=491–492|access-date=22 May 2017|archive-date=20 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020070415/https://books.google.com/books?id=OgMmceadQ3gC|url-status=live}}</ref> | consort = [[Lakshmi]] and her [[Avatar#Avatars of Lakshmi|forms]] | mount = {{hlist|[[Garuda]]<ref name=jones492/>|[[Shesha]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shesha|title=Shesha, Sesa, Śeṣa, Śeṣā: 34 definitions|date=23 August 2009|access-date=3 August 2022|archive-date=3 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803043235/https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shesha|url-status=live}}</ref>}} | festivals = {{hlist|[[Holi]]|[[Rama Navami]]|[[Krishna Janmashtami]]|Narasimha Jayanti|[[Deepavali]]|[[Onam]]|[[Vivaha Panchami]]|Vishu|Vijayadashami|Kartik Purnima|Tulasi Vivaha|Buddha Purnima|Ananta Chaturdashi|Shayani Ekadashi|Prabodhini Ekadashi|Vaikuntha Ekadashi and other Ekadashis <ref>{{cite book|author=Muriel Marion Underhill|title=The Hindu Religious Year|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fb9Zc0yPVUUC |year=1991|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=978-81-206-0523-7|pages=75–91}}</ref>}} | member_of = [[Trimurti]]<ref>For the Trimurti system having [[Brahma]] as the creator, Vishnu as the preserver, [[Shiva]] as the destroyer, see Zimmer (1972) p.124.</ref> | other_names = {{hlist|Narayana|Hari|Madhava (Vishnu)|Madhava|Keshava|Achyuta|Janardana|Govinda| and various others listed in the ''Vishnu Sahasranama''}} | children = {{unbulleted list| * Bala and Utsaha (according to some ''[[Puranas]]'')<ref>{{Cite book |last=Debroy |first=Bibek |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vCxAAQAAIAAJ&q=Bala+and+Utsaha |title=The History of Puranas |date=2005 |publisher=Bharatiya Kala Prakashan |isbn=978-81-8090-062-4 |language=en}}</ref>}} | day = [[Thursday]] | siblings = [[Durga]] as Yogamaya (ceremonial sister)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=George M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N7LOZfwCDpEC&dq=durga+sister+visnu&pg=PA122 |title=Handbook of Hindu Mythology |date=2008-03-27 |publisher=OUP USA |isbn=978-0-19-533261-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vedabase.io/en/library/sb/10/4/12/|website=vedabase.io/en/|language=en|access-date=24 February 2020|title=Śb 10.4.12}}</ref> }} '''Vishnu''', also known as '''Narayana''' and '''Hari''', is the supreme god in [[Hinduism]]. He is the Absolute truth (Parabrahman), Supreme self (Paramatma) and Ultimate reality in [[Vaishnavism]], the largest denomination of [[Hinduism]]. He is considered as one of the principal deities, generally a representation of the [[Trimurti]], the supreme trinity of Hinduism.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Vishnu|title=Vishnu {{!}} Hindu deity|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> He is venerated as the Supreme Being in Vaishnavism and as Purushottama or Supreme Purusha in many ancient sacred texts like the Vedas, Puranas, Ramayana, Mahabharata (including Bhagavad Gita), etc. The Vishnu Sahasranama declares Vishnu as Paramatma (supreme soul) and Parameshvara (supreme god). It describes Vishnu as the all-pervading essence of all beings, the master of—and beyond—the past, present, future, the creator, preserver, destroyer of all existences, one who supports, preserves, sustains, governs, rules the universe and originates and develops all elements within. Vishnu is also venerated as Mukunda, the supreme god who is the giver of mukti (liberation from the cycle of rebirths) to his devotees, the worthy ones who deserve salvation from the material world. According to the ''[[Bhagavad Gita]]'', he is the "Teacher of the Universe". The Bhagavata Purana declares that '''Narayana''' as the Supreme Personality of Godhead, who engages in the creation of 14 worlds within the universe as [[Brahma]], who is the god of rajas-guna, who engages in the preservation of 14 worlds within the universe as Vishnu, who is the god of sattvas-guna, who engages in the destruction of 14 worlds within the universe as [[Shiva]], who is the god of tamas-guna. This Narayana is '''Vishnu''' himself, who incarnates in various avataras. In the ''Bhagavata Purana, Purusha Sukta, Narayana Sukta,'' ''Narayana Upanishad, Mahanarayana Upanishad,'' he is the absolute truth.<ref name="ReferenceA" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Krishna |first=Nanditha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f9cSlaLMlgEC&q=narayana+dravidian |title=The Book of Vishnu |date=June 2010 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-306762-7 |pages=10 |language=en}}</ref> Vishnu is the god of preservation. This means that he protects the universe from being destroyed. It is believed that Vishnu holds the [[Earth]] and all living [[organism]]s. According to [[Hinduism|Hindu]] [[religion]], he has set foot and arrived on the [[Earth]] in nine forms called [[Avatar|avatara]]s, so far with one incarnation yet to come that is [[Kalki]] at the last to be [[Kali Yuga]], to destroy evil. His most famous incarnations are [[Rama]], [[Krishna]], [[Parashurama]], [[Narasimha]]. Vishnu holds a [[Lotus flower|lotus]] (Padma)'','' the indestructible mace of Vishnu ([[Kaumodaki]]), a [[conch]] (Shankha), the unstoppable disc of Vishnu ([[Sudarshana Chakra]]) in each of his four hands. He is known to take many disguises such as having an eight-armed form in [[Angkor Wat]] or having a thousand forms, eyes, faces, mouths, arms as Sahasrshirsha. A universal form known to be Vishvarupa is the supreme form of Vishnu, where the whole universe is described as contained within him. but the three main forms of Vishnu are Karanodakshayi Vishnu (Mahavishnu), Garbhodaksayi Vishnu, [[Kshirodakashayi Vishnu]], the other two are the expansions of Karanodakshayi Vishnu. == Avataras == There are 10 [[avatar|avatara]]s of Vishnu (in the order they appeared): * [[Matsya]] ([[fish]]) * [[Kurma]] ([[turtle]]) * [[Varaha]] ([[wild boar]]) * [[Narasimha]] (half [[lion]], half [[man]]) * [[Vamana]] ([[Dwarfism|dwarf]]) * [[Parashurama]] ([[Hunting|Hunter]]) * [[Rama]] ([[king]]) * [[Krishna]] ([[king]]) * Hayagriva ([[horse]]) * [[Kalki]] ([[king]]) A list may be given in one place but additional avataras may be mentioned the 24 [[avatar|avatara]]s of Vishnu in the Bhagavata Purana in Canto 1, but mentions others elsewhere : *Adi Purusha *Sanaka Kumaras *Varaha *Narada *Nara and Narayana *Kapila *Dattatreya *Yajna *Rishabha *Prithu *Hamsa *Hayagriva *Matsya *Kurma *Dhanvantari *Mohini *Narasimha *Vamana *Parashurama *Vyasa *Rama *Balarama and Krishna *Sugata Buddha *Kalki.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vedabase.io/en/library/sb/2/7/|title=CHAPTER SEVEN|website=vedabase.io|language=en|access-date=2019-10-31|archive-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022081756/https://vedabase.io/en/library/sb/2/7/|url-status=live}}</ref> {{commonscat|Vishnu}} == Iconography == Vishnu holds four items in his four hands. He holds a [[conch]] in the upper left hand, which represents [[victory]]. He holds the [[Sudarshana Chakra]] in the upper right hand, which represents [[Energy|spiritual energy]]. In his lower left hand, a [[Lotus flower|lotus]] (flower) represents [[Peace|peacefulness]], and in his lower right hand, the [[Kaumodaki]] represents [[Power (physics)|powers]]. [[File:Avatars of Vishnu.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Vishnu as Krishna reveals his true form to [[Arjuna]]|alt=Vishnu as Krishna reveals his true form to Arjuna]] ==Temples of Vishnu== {{wide image|Srirangamlong view.jpg|600px|Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to Vishnu located in Srirangam, [[Tiruchirappalli]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. The temple occupies an area of {{convert|156|acres|m2|abbr=on}} with a perimeter of {{convert|4116|m|ft|abbr=on}} making it the largest Hindu temple in the [[Indian subcontinent]] and one of the largest Hindu temples in the world.{{sfn|Mittal|Thursby|2005|p=456}}|Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to Vishnu located in Srirangam, [[Tiruchirappalli]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. The temple occupies an area of {{convert|156|acres|m2|abbr=on}} with a perimeter of {{convert|4116|m|ft|abbr=on}} making it the largest Hindu temple in the [[Indian subcontinent]] and one of the largest Hindu temples in the world.{{sfn|Mittal|Thursby|2005|p=456}}|Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to Vishnu located in Srirangam, [[Tiruchirappalli]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. The temple occupies an area of {{convert|156|acres|m2|abbr=on}} with a perimeter of {{convert|4116|m|ft|abbr=on}} making it the largest Hindu temple in the [[Indian subcontinent]] and one of the largest Hindu temples in the world.{{sfn|Mittal|Thursby|2005|p=456}}}} [[File:Sree Padmanabhaswamy temple Thiruvananthapuram,.jpg|thumb|The front-view of Padmanabhaswamy Temple in [[Thiruvananthapuram]], Kerala.]] [[File:Angkor Wat.jpg|thumb|right|[[Angkor Wat]] is a Hindu temple that is dedicated to Vishnu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livescience.com/24440-angkor-wat-canals.html|title=Mystery of Angkor Wat Temple's Huge Stones Solved|author1=Tia Ghose|date=31 October 2012|website=livescience.com|access-date=23 October 2022|archive-date=27 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927034204/https://www.livescience.com/24440-angkor-wat-canals.html|url-status=live}}</ref>]] [[File:Candi Wisnu prambanan.jpg|thumb|upright|The Vishnu temple at [[Prambanan]] temple complex, [[Java]], [[Yogyakarta]], [[Indonesia]]]] #108 Divya Desams in the [[Indian subcontinent]] #108 Abhimana Kshethrams in the [[Indian subcontinent]] #Padmanabhaswamy Temple, [[Thiruvananthapuram]] #Ranganathaswamy Temple, [[Srirangam]], [[Tiruchirappalli]] #[[Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala]] #[[Jagannath Temple, Puri]] #Badrinath Temple #[[Swaminarayan]] temples throughout the [[World]] #[[Prambanan|Candi Wisnu, Prambanan]], [[Java]], [[Indonesia]] #[[Angkor Wat]], [[Cambodia]] #Birla Mandir, [[Delhi|Dehli]] #Dashavatara Temple, Deogarh #Pundarikakshan Perumal Temple, Thiruvellarai #Kallazhagar temple, [[Madurai]] #Guruvayur Temple, [[Thrissur]] #Ananthapura Lake Temple, [[Kasaragod]] [[File:Kodlamane Vishnumurthy Temple.jpg|thumb|300px|Kodlamane Shree Vishnumurthy Temple, [[Karnataka]].]] The Kodlamane Shree Vishnumurthy Temple, [[Karnataka]]<ref>Akshatha Vinayak, [http://www.nativeplanet.com/travel-guide/vishnumurthy-temple-near-idagunji-002423.html "Shree Vishnumurthy Temple Of Serenity and Mystery"], ''Native Planet'', 6-10-2016</ref> is dedicated to Vishnu and is the ancient Tirta Kshetra. There is no other place like this anywhere in this [[Universe]]. == Powers and abilities == <!-- Note that all these abilities are from Bhagavata Purana and Vishnu Purana. -->Vishnu has omniverse manipulation, absolute manipulation, meta manipulation, preservation. As the preserver, Vishnu can control anything and everything. The power to protect everything from anything is the reason he is also called the supreme protector of his devotees.<ref name="sacred-texts.com">{{Cite web|title=The Vishnu Purana: Book I: Chapter II|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/vp/vp036.htm|access-date=2021-01-27|website=www.sacred-texts.com}}</ref> Absolute destruction: In the Vishnu Purana, Vishnu is also described as the creator, destroyer, and the preserver. As the destroyer, he can even destroy infinity or the omniverse.<ref name="sacred-texts.com"/> Absolute creation: As the creator in the Vishnu Purana, Vishnu has the power to create everything, even infinity and beyond.<ref name="sacred-texts.com"/> The power to have limitless power upon seeing the supreme form of Vishnu. [[Arjuna]] describes him as having infinite prowess or power.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 6: Bhishma Parva: Bhagavat-Gita Parva: Section XXXV (Bhagavad Gita Chapter XI)|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m06/m06035.htm|access-date=2021-01-27|website=www.sacred-texts.com}}</ref> Absolute omnipotence : Vishnu has the power to do absolutely everything, even creating something that is bigger than infinity itself. In chapter 11 of the Bhagavad Gita, Krishna, an incarnation of Vishnu shows Arjuna everything—all creation: time, space, past, present, future, the omniverse, existing and future humans, and more. It is beyond human imagination to actually comprehend it. <ref name="ReferenceA"/> Absolute omniscience: The power of Vishnu to have infinite wisdom experience and knowledge.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mukundananda|first=Swami|title=Chapter 7, Verse 26 – Bhagavad Gita, The Song of God – Swami Mukundananda|url=https://www.holy-bhagavad-gita.org/chapter/7/verse/26|access-date=2021-01-27|website=www.holy-bhagavad-gita.org|language=en}}</ref> Absolute omnipresence: The power to be everywhere at every time including beyond the omniverse in both past, present, future.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mukundananda|first=Swami|title=Chapter 13, Verse 14 – Bhagavad Gita, The Song of God – Swami Mukundananda|url=https://www.holy-bhagavad-gita.org/chapter/13/verse/14|access-date=2021-01-27|website=www.holy-bhagavad-gita.org|language=en}}</ref> When Krishna, an incarnation of Vishnu shows his supreme appearance, it is described being everywhere, yet people can't see it because they don't have the divine vision. Only sages, gods, Sanjaya, Arjuna are able to see this Vishvarupa. Absolute formlessness: Vishnu's true form is described as formless, infinite, boundless, inapplicable, without shape and color, according to the Vishnu Purana.<ref name="sacred-texts.com"/> Absolute immortality: Chapter 1 of the Vishnu Purana describes Vishnu being boundlessly above the concepts of death, birth, life, growth, age.<ref name="hinduonline.co">{{cite web | url=http://hinduonline.co/scriptures/puranas/vishnupurana.html | title=Vishnu Purana | access-date=2021-01-28 | archive-date=2020-11-11 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111192824/http://hinduonline.co/Scriptures/Puranas/VishnuPurana.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> Absolute transcendence: The Vishnu Purana also describes Vishnu as being above all descriptions such as logic, time, space, etc.<ref name="hinduonline.co"/> He is an infinite dimensional being according to the Vishnu Sahasranama. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Hindu gods and goddesses]] 7mbgifvycvkkfe7thjf3qc68ujczo4r 0 12439 10368059 10337028 2025-07-02T18:23:54Z 2600:4040:2CC4:E100:8857:50C6:B833:948D 10368059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=June 2025}} {{Use Canadian English|date=June 2025}} {{Infobox company | name = Nelvana Limited | type = [[Subsidiary]] | industry = {{Plainlist| * [[Animation]] * Franchise licensing * Children's entertainment }} | predecessor = Laff Arts<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kocmarek |first=Ivan |date=October 7, 2015 |title=Patrick Loubert and Michael Hirsh • Comic Book Daily |url=https://www.comicbookdaily.com/collecting-community/whites-tsunami-weca-splashes/patrick-loubert-michael-hirsh/ |access-date=September 18, 2023 |website=Comic Book Daily |language=en-CA}}</ref> | foundation = {{Start date and age|1971|07|30}} | founders = {{Plainlist| * [[Michael Hirsh (producer)|Michael Hirsh]] * [[Patrick Loubert]] * [[Clive A. Smith]] }} | hq_location_city = [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]] | hq_location_country = [[Canada]] | num_locations = | area_served = Worldwide | key_people = {{Plainlist| * Rachel Nelson (vice president and head of Corus and Nelvana) }} | products = Consisting mainly of children's animation; see also [[list of Nelvana programs]] | revenue = [[Canadian dollar|C$]]600&nbsp;million (2001)<ref name="kidscreen">{{cite web|url=https://kidscreen.com/2001/05/01/30888-20010501/?print=yes|last=Fitzgerald|first=James|title=Nelvana's 30th Anniversary Profile|work=KidScreen Magazine|date=May 1, 2001|access-date=July 1, 2006}}</ref> | num_employees = 200+ (2021)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cartoonbrew.com/studios/nelvana-at-50-mapping-out-the-studios-future-with-president-pam-westman-205741.html|title=Nelvana At 50: Mapping Out The Studio's Future With President Pam Westman|first=Alex|last=Dudok de Wit|work=[[Cartoon Brew]]|date=June 11, 2021|accessdate=June 14, 2021}}</ref> | parent = [[Corus Entertainment]] (2000–present) | owner = <!-- Per [[Template:Infobox company]], "If the company is majority-owned by a single entity and as such is a subsidiary or division, omit the owner field and use the parent field instead." --> | operating_income = | net_income = | homepage = {{url|www.nelvana.com}} }} '''Nelvana Limited''' ({{IPAc-en|n|ɛ|l|ˈ|v|ɑː|n|ə}}; often called '''Nelvana International''' or simply '''Nelvana''') is a Canadian [[animation]] studio. Founded in July 30, 1971 in [[Toronto, Ontario]], [[Canada]] by [[Michael Hirsh]], [[Patrick Loubert]], and [[Clive A. Smith]]. The company is now owned by [[Corus Entertainment]]. It is named after a local [[comic book]] [[superhero]]ine of the 1940s. It specializes mainly in the field of [[child]]-friendly [[television series]] and [[movie]]s. ==Notes== *{{note|bakugan}} {{cite web|last=Bynum|first=Aaron H.|date=October 25, 2006|url=http://www.animationinsider.net/article.php?articleID=1180|title=Nelvana & Others Establish Development Consortium|work=Animation Insider|access-date=November 6, 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527124017/http://www.animationinsider.net/article.php?articleID=1180|archive-date=May 27, 2011}} *{{note|pearlie}} {{cite web|last=Reeve-Crook|first=Antony|date=September 8, 2006|url=http://www.c21media.net/news/detail.asp?area=1&article=32601|title=Nelvana pushes Di-Gata, sets up Pearlie copro|publisher=C21 Media|access-date=November 6, 2006}} ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == * {{official website|http://www.nelvana.com}} [[Category:Canadian animation studios]] [[Category:Companies based in Toronto]] [[Category:1971 establishments in Canada]] [[Category:1971 establishments]] pd16x4q519a7o8wcxsivw82uscelqbe 0 12702 10368607 10178753 2025-07-03T00:51:48Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Charlie Hebdo attacks */ Typo: duplication and an extra blank 10368607 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiple issues| {{More sources}} {{Complex|date=December 2022}} }} {{use dmy dates}} {{Infobox person | name = {{large|Muhammad}}<br />{{lang|ar|مُحَمَّدٌ}} | honorific_suffix = | image = File:Al-Masjid AL-Nabawi Door.jpg | caption = "Muhammad the Messenger of God"<br />inscribed on the gates of the [[Al-Masjid an-Nabawi|Prophet's Mosque]] in Medina | birth_name = Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdullāh <br> ({{lang-ar|مُحَمَّد بِن عَبد الله}}) | birth_date = {{circa|570}} | birth_place = {{longitem|[[Mecca]], [[Hejaz]], [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]]<br />(present-day [[Saudi Arabia]])}} | death_date = 8 June 632 (aged {{Circa|{{age|570|||632|06|08}}}}) | death_place = {{longitem|[[Medina]], [[Hejaz]], [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]]<br />(present-day [[Saudi Arabia]])}} | body_discovered = | resting_place = {{longitem|style=white-space; |[[Green Dome]] at [[al-Masjid an-Nabawi]], Medina<br />(present-day Saudi Arabia)}} | resting_place_coordinates = {{coord|24|28|03.22|N|039|36|41.18|E|type:landmark_scale:5000_region:SA|display=title|name=Green Dome}} | monuments = | other_names = {{unbulleted list|style=line-height:1.3em; |''Abu al-Qasim'' ([[Kunya (Arabic)|nickname]]) |''Rasūl Allāh'' (Messenger of God) |''(see [[Names and titles of Muhammad]])''}} | years_active = {{longitem | style = white-space:nowrap; |583–609 as merchant<br />609–632 as religious leader}} | employer = | notable_works = [[Constitution of Medina]] | predecessor = | successor = [[Succession to Muhammad]] | spouse = {{aligned table|style=line-height:120%;right=y|row1header=y|nowrap1=y|nowrap2=y | [[Muhammad's wives]] | Married | [[Khadijah bint Khuwaylid|Khadija bint Khuwaylid]] |595–619 | [[Sawda bint Zamʿa]] |619–632 | [[Aisha|Aisha bint Abi Bakr]] |619–632 | [[Hafsa bint Umar]] |624–632 | [[Zaynab bint Khuzayma]] |625–627 | [[Umm Salama|Hind bint Abi Umayya]]|625–632 | [[Zaynab bint Jahsh]] |627–632 | [[Juwayriyya bint al-Harith]] |628–632 | [[Ramla bint Abi Sufyan]] |628–632 | [[Rayhana bint Zayd]] |629–631 | [[Safiyya bint Huyayy]] |629–632 | [[Maymunah bint al-Harith]] |630–632 | [[Maria al-Qibtiyya]] |630–632 }} | children = [[Children of Muhammad|Children]] | parents = [[Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib]] (father)<br>[[Aminah|Aminah bint Wahb]] (mother) | relatives = [[Family tree of Muhammad]], [[Ahl al-Bayt]]{{nbsp|2}}("Family of the House") | module = {{Infobox Arabic name|embed=yes | ism = Muhammad | nasab = Muḥammad ibn [[Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib|'Abd Allah]] ibn '[[Abdul-Muttalib]] ibn [[Hashim ibn Abd Manaf|Hashim]] ibn [[Abd Manaf ibn Qusai|'Abd Manaf]] ibn [[Qusai ibn Kilab|Qusai]] ibn [[Kilab ibn Murrah|Kilab]] | kunya = Abu [[Qasim ibn Muhammad|al-Qasim]] | laqab = [[Khatam an-Nabiyyin|Khātim an-Nâbîyīn]] (Seal of the prophets) }} | signature = Muhammad Seal.svg }} '''Muhammad''' (570{{snd}}8 June 632) was an [[Arab people|Arab]] [[religion|religious]], social, and [[politics|political]] leader, best known as the founder of [[Islam]]. Islamic teachings say Muhammad was a [[prophet]] who [[God]] inspired to preach and confirm the [[monotheistic]] teachings of [[Adam and Eve|Adam]], [[Abraham]], [[Moses]], [[Jesus]], and [[Prophets of Islam|other prophets]]. He is believed to be the Seal of the Prophets within Islam. Islamic religious beliefs are based on Muhammad's teachings, his practices, and the [[Qur'an]].<ref name="OEIW">{{cite encyclopedia|author=Alford T. Welch, Ahmad S. Moussalli, Gordon D. Newby|title=Muḥammad|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|editor=John L. Esposito|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2009|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0550|quote=The Prophet of Islam was a religious, political, and social reformer who gave rise to one of the great civilizations of the world. From a modern, historical perspective, Muḥammad was the prophet of Islam. From the perspective of the Islamic faith, he was God's Messenger (''rasūl Allāh''), called to be a "warner," first to the Arabs and then to all humankind.|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211050118/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0550|archivedate=11 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Muhammad {{!}} Biography|language=en|work=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammad|accessdate=2018-12-01}}</ref><ref name="Goldman">Elizabeth Goldman (1995), p. 63, gives June 8, 632 CE, the dominant Islamic tradition. Many earlier (primarily non-Islamic) traditions refer to him as still alive at the time of the [[Muslim conquest of the Levant#Conquest of Palestine|invasion of Palestine]]. See Stephen J. Shoemaker,''The Death of a Prophet: The End of Muhammad's Life and the Beginnings of Islam,'' page 248, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011.</ref> Muhammad was born in [[Mecca]], [[Hejaz]]. In 610 [[Anno Domini|AD]], at the age of forty, while Muhammad was [[Prayer|praying]], he reportedly met [[Gabriel]] and received the first [[revelation]] of the Qur'an. At first, Muhammad preached these revelations to his close friends and family. Then he started preaching [[monotheism]] publicly, and received opposition from [[Mecca|Meccan]] [[Polytheism|polytheists]]. He was eventually forced to leave his hometown of Mecca. After reaching [[Medina]] with [[Abu Bakr]], the Medinan [[Muslims]] helped Muhammad and built a [[Al-Masjid al-Nabawi|mosque]] there. == Life == {{Muhammad}} === Childhood === Muhammad was born about 570 AD in Mecca.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/673/000044541/|title=Prophet Muhammad|website=nndb.com}}</ref> His father, whose name was Abdullah, died six months before Muhammad's birth. His mother, Amina, died when he was six years old. After that, his grandfather, [[Abd al-Muttalib|Abdul-Muttalib]], took care of him, but he too died two years later when Muhammad was nine. After his grandfather's death, his uncle [[Abu Talib]] took care of him. When he was young, Muhammad accompanied his uncle on [[trade]] trips. Abu Talib remained a good support to him for many years of his adult life. === Beginning of the prophethood === In 610 AD, when Muhammad was forty years old, he went for a walk to the [[mountain]] of [[Hira]] near [[Mecca]]. According to Muslims, the angel [[Gabriel]] (called Jibril in the [[Arabic language]]) spoke with him in a [[cave]] on the mountain. The story says that when Muhammad first saw the angel Gabriel, he [[Syncope|fainted]] because Gabriel was so large. This is what Gabriel said to Muhammad: [[File:Cave Hira.jpg|thumb|left|150px|According to Muslim tradition, the mountain of Hira was the place where Gabriel first spoke to Muhammad]] <blockquote>"Read... in the name of [[Allah]] Who made man from a drop of [[blood]]... Allah is Most Rewarding... He Who taught man to write with pen... and taught man what he knew not."<ref>This saying can be found in the Qu'ran (Chapter 96:1 - 5)</ref></blockquote> Muhammad went back home to his wife Khadijah and told her what had happened. New revelations came to him commanding him to preach what was being sent ''down'' from God. When Muhammad first started teaching, many of the people of Mecca, who [[Idolatry|worshipped idols]], did not like the things that Muhammad said. But there were also people who listened to his preaching and obeyed his messages. These people were the first of the followers of Islam. Leaders of Mecca [[Religious persecution|punished]] and [[Torture|tortured]] the followers of Islam. Some followers of Islam were [[Execution|executed]]. Muhammad resisted this and continued to teach Islam. == The Hijrah == {{main|Hijra (Islam)}} After Muhammad finished his work in Mecca, he took his message to [[Medina]], where some people learned about him and his followers. They welcomed him into their city, and Muhammad wanted them to [[Religious conversion|convert]] to Islam. They agreed, and many of his followers went to Medina. This movement from Mecca to Medina is called the ''[[Hijrah (Islam)|Hijrah]]''. The Hijra was also the beginning of the [[Islamic calendar]]. Muhammad stayed behind until all of his people left Mecca safely. As Muhammad stayed in Mecca, his uncle Abu Lahab trained seven men to kill Muhammad in his sleep. According to history, they did not see him leave Mecca. The men went into his house and found his cousin, [[Ali]]. Abu Lahab and his horsemen went to the desert to look for him and his friend, [[Abu Bakr]]. == His stay in Medina == Muhammad and Abu Bakr arrived in Medina. Some people welcomed Muhammad to their homes. He used his [[camel]] to show everyone where he would build his house. The first [[mosque]] of Medina, a small place for prayer, was built in the back of this house. The people in a strong [[Jew]]ish [[tribe]] in Medina disagreed with Muhammad's teachings and rules. This tribe told their [[Alliance|allies]] in Mecca to sell all the things and homes that Muslims of Mecca left behind. The Muslims and those from Mecca were advised to fight for their [[property]]. Muhammad told them not to do that. Muslims were called all over Medina to gather at a [[mosque]] that Muhammad prayed in. They were told to fight against the people of Mecca who [[Arson|burned down their homes]] and [[Theft|stole their property]]. == The wars == The [[Quraysh]] [[Paganism|pagans]] of Mecca heard about this, and they sent a larger [[army]] numbering 1000 warriors to fight the Muslims. They met in [[Battle of Badr|Badr]], but the pagans were defeated and Abu Jahl, one of the pagan leaders, was also killed. However, the Muslims lost the second battle at [[Battle of Uhud|Uhud]]. One year after the fight at Badr, the army of Mecca had outside help. Muslim [[Archery|archers]] failed to listen to Muhammad's instructions and [[Khalid ibn al-Walid]] cleverly took advantage of that. Hamza, Muhammad's last uncle, was killed when a [[Slavery|slave]] from Mecca threw a spear into his chest. Muhammad himself was injured. Then in 627, Abu Sufyan led the Quraysh and its allies to attack Medina itself. However, they could not pass the [[ditch|trench]] that the Muslims had dug around Medina. After several weeks, the [[coalition]] broke up and went home. The Medinians were considered victors. == The truce with Mecca == After the pagans of Mecca failed to gain control of Medina, the Muslims became stronger. The pagans then decided to sign a [[Ceasefire|truce]] with the Muslims where they promised not to fight each other for ten years. The Muslims used this as a chance to talk to other people all over [[Arabia]]. In three years, many people changed their religions to Islam. However, this truce did not last for long. After three years of the truce, a small group of horsemen from Mecca attacked a Muslim camp and killed a few of them. The Muslims in Medina heard of this, and the truce was cancelled. Abu Sufyan, the third leader of Mecca in Muhammad's lifetime, tried to resume the truce, but Muhammad politely refused the offer. Muhammad told his followers to be ready to capture Mecca. After Mecca was captured, they went on to capture the Torkan. == The capture of Mecca == In 630, most people in [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]] had become Muslims, and they became part of Muhammad's large army to capture Mecca. The people of Mecca were afraid to fight back because the army was so big. Abu Sufyan, who was unhappy over the broken truce, went to Muhammad's camp outside Mecca to ask for [[forgiveness]]. Muhammad did not say that he would forgive him, so he returned home. While he was with Muhammad, he changed his religion to Islam by saying the Testimony (ash-Ashaada): <blockquote>"I testify that there is no other god but Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah."</blockquote> The next day, the Muslim army walked towards Mecca. Everyone ran to their homes and closed all doors and windows. They were afraid that the Muslims were going to kill them, because of the bad things they did to the Muslims many years ago. But, the Muslims went towards the [[Ka'aba]], believed to be built by Abraham and his elder son, [[Ishmael]]. [[Bilal ibn Ribah]], a former [[Ethiopia]]n slave, shouted out loud to the people of Mecca that they were all safe: "All those who lay down arms are safe. All those in the house of Abu Sufyan are safe. All those behind closed doors are safe." Abu Sufyan heard this in his home. From this, he learns that Muhammad forgave him. At that time, Muhammad and his followers removed and broke all idols from the Kaaba. The idols were statues that were [[Worship|worshiped]] as gods. Muhammad forgave all citizens of Mecca. In the end, Bilal climbed to the top of the Kaaba and called for prayer. This was Muhammad's victory in spreading Islam all over Arabia. But, because he was old, he would not live for long. == His death == [[File:Mescidi nebevi.JPG|180px|thumb|[[Masjid al-Nabawi]] in Medina. Muhammad is believed to be buried at the building with the green dome. It used to be his home when he was alive.]] In 632 AD, on June 8, Muhammad became very sick. Before he died, he told his followers about his death. He is buried in the chamber of his wife Aisha in Medina, where the [[Masjid al-Nabawi]] (Mosque of the Prophet) is. In Medina, his friend Abu Bakr went to the Masjid al-Nabawi and shouted to the people: <blockquote>"If any of you worship Muhammad, you should know that Muhammad is dead. But those of you who worship Allah(SWT) (God), let it be known that Allah(SWT) (God) is alive and cannot die."<ref>Muhammad’s Biography, [http://www.islamreligion.com/articles/180/ The Religion of Islam]. Found January 23, 2007</ref></blockquote> Although Muhammad died, Islam soon spread all over the [[Middle East]]. Then, centuries later, it continued till it reached [[Africa]], [[Asia]] and [[Europe]]. Islam has become one of the biggest and fastest-growing [[World religions|religions in the world]]. ==Relations== When Muslims say or write the name of Muhammad, they usually follow it with ''"Peace and [[Blessing|Blessings]] be upon him"'' (Arabic: ''sall-Allahu `alayhi wa sallam''). For example, "Muhammad (Peace and Blessings be upon him)".<ref name="Ann Goldman 2006 p.212">Ann Goldman, Richard Hain, Stephen Liben (2006), p.212</ref> In printed matter, a [[Islamic calligraphy|calligraphic]] symbol is frequently used instead of printing the phrase. [[Sunni Islam|Sunni Muslims]] believe that Abu Bakr succeeded Muhammad. [[Shia Islam|Shias]] believe that Ali should have succeeded. == Images of Muhammad == <div class="noprint" style="display:none;"> <!--Wikipedia is a neutral source of information that does not censor material. Please do not remove images, simply because you deem them "offensive". --> [[File:Maome.jpg|thumb|Anonymous illustration of [[Abu Rayhan Biruni|al-Bīrūnī]]'s ''[[The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries]]'', depicting Muhammad [[Islamic calendar#Prohibiting Nasīʾ|prohibiting Nasi']] during the [[Farewell Pilgrimage]]<!-- ''cf. Watt (1956), p. 300'' -->, 17th-century Ottoman copy of a 14th-century ([[Ilkhanate]]) manuscript (Edinburgh codex)]] </div> Muslims usually do not make or show images (like paintings or drawings) of Muhammad. For this reason, mosques do not contain paintings or sculptures of Muhammad. Instead, they use [[abstract art]], architecture, and [[Islamic calligraphy|calligraphy]] for decoration. The Qur'an does not say that Muslims must never make images of Muhammad. However, it does contain passages that forbid the creation of idols. The [[Hadith]] also includes passages that forbid Muslims from creating images of God. As a consequence, Muslims (especially [[Sunni]] Muslims) believe there should be no pictures of Muhammad. When people create images of Muhammad, some Muslims may view this as disrespectful, offensive, and emotionally injurious. Much of knowledge about the Life of Muhammad is based on narrations. Lawrence Conrad examines the [[biography]] books written after the 100-150-year [[Oral tradition|oral period]],<ref>News of Muḥammad and his contemporaries circulated by word of mouth from the start, vectors for the transit of information not only to subsequent generations of Muslims, but also to non-Muslims https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/f65c8b61-d32b-4877-b478-981b6c993321/1005455.pdf</ref> and sees an 85-year time interval related to the date of birth of Muhammad that in these works. Conrad describes it as "the fluidity (evolutionary process) in the story".<ref>Conrad (June 1987). "Abraha and Muhammad: Some Observations Apropos of Chronology and Literary topoi in the Early Arabic Historical Tradition". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 50 (2): 239. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00049016</ref> === Danish newspaper cartoons === In 2005, a [[Denmark|Danish]] newspaper published [[Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy|political cartoons]] of Muhammad. In the demonstrations that followed, more than 100 people died. [[Johan Galtung]], a [[Norway|Norwegian]] mathematician and peace [[Activism|activist]], tried to help both sides come together and talk. According to Galtung, the attacks against Danish institutions ended after the government invited talks.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-57883392 BBC]</ref> === Charlie Hebdo attacks === ''Main article: [[Charlie Hebdo shooting]]'' In January 2015, several terrorists committed a series of coordinated attacks in [[Paris, France]] called the Charlie Hebdo attacks. On 7 January 2015, Said and Chérif Kouachi burst into the editorial meeting of the [[magazine]] ''[[Charlie Hebdo]]'' with [[Kalashnikov rifle|Kalashnikovs]] and began shooting. They killed five [[Cartoonist|cartoonists]], who called themselves Cabu, Charb, Honoré, Tignous and Wolinski; [[Psychoanalysis|psychoanalyst]] Elsa Cayat; [[economist]] Bernard Maris; proof-reader Mustapha Ourrad; police officer Frank Brinsolaro, who was protecting Charb; caretaker Frédéric Boisseau; and Michel Renaud, founder of the Rendez-vous du Carnet de voyage festival; who was there as a guest. The Kouachi brothers also seriously wounded Riss, another cartoonist; [[Journalist|journalists]] Philippe Lançon and Fabrice Nicolino; and webmaster Simon Fieschi. As they left the building, the [[Terrorism|terrorists]] shouted: “We’ve avenged the prophet, Muhammad”. Shortly after, they killed policeman Ahmed Merabet while he lay on the pavement wounded and begging for mercy. Two days later, 32-year-old Amedy Coulibaly took a number of hostages in a supermarket in Paris. Four were killed: Yohan Cohen, 20, who worked at the supermarket; Philippe Braham, 45, a business manager for an IT firm; Yoav Hattab, 21, a student and the youngest supermarket victim; Francois-Michel Saada, 64, a former [[pension]] fund manager. [[Prosecutor|Prosecutors]] in Paris also linked Coulibaly to the 7 January shooting of a 32-year-old jogger in a park in south-west Paris. The jogger survived. The killing of 27-year-old policewoman Clarissa Jean-Philippe has also been officially linked to the Charlie Hebdo attacks. The killing took place in the [[suburb]] of Montrouge outside Paris. == Wives == A list of his wives' names in chronological order * [[Khadijah bint Khuwaylid]] - Abdullah ibn Jafar reported that he heard Sayyiduna Ali saying in Kufa that Allah's Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, "The best of the women of her time was Maryam, daughter of Imran, and the best of women of her time was Khadijah, daughter of Khuwaylid." She was 40 years old when they got married. * [[Sawda bint Zamʿa]] - Sawda bint Zam'a was the first woman to [[Immigration|immigrate]] to [[Abyssinia]] in the way of Allah. * [[Aisha]] was a young girl. She is described <!-- within Muslim scripture --> as very intelligent with a very good memory. Aisha spent the next nine years of her life with Muhammad, clearly remembered all that she saw and heard, and reported a lot of Muhammad's narrations. She married Muhammad when she was nine years old. * [[Hafsa bint Umar]] - By marrying Hafsa, Muhammad strengthened the ties between two of his closest companions, the two who would become the first two rightly guided khalifs after his death. He was now married to the daughter of Abu Bakr, A'isha, and to the daughter of Umar, Hafsa. * [[Zaynab bint Khuzayma]] - She offered herself in marriage to Muhammad who accepted her proposal and married her. Zaynab bint Khuzayma was seen by the community as very generous to orphans and the poor, later becoming known as the 'Mother of the Poor'. She died only eight months after. * [[Umm Salama]] - She was not the only wife to have been [[Widow|widowed]] as a result of the battle of Uhud, and because of this marriage, many of the companions followed Muhammad's example, marrying widows and bringing them and their children into the circle of their families, instead of leaving them to struggle on their own. * [[Zaynab bint Jahsh]] - As with all the marriages of Muhammad, there was much for all the Muslims to learn from it. This one was to show that Zayed ibn Haretha was not Muhammad's son and to demonstrate that the social level matters when it comes to marriage. She bragged about the fact that her [[Arranged marriage|marriage had been arranged]] by Allah. At this point Muhammad changed her name from Barra to Zaynab. * [[Juwayriyya bint al-Harith]] - Muhammad was thinking of how to save her and all her tribe from danger. By marrying Juwayriyya, the Banu Mustaliq would be able to enter Islam with honor, and with the humiliation of their recent defeat removed, so that it would no longer be felt necessary by them to embark on a war of vengeance that would have continued until one of the two parties had been annihilated. * [[Ramla bint Abi Sufyan]] - She said that once Muhammad said to her, "A house will be built in Heaven for anyone who, in the space of a day and a night, prays twelve voluntary prayers;" and she added, "I have never stopped doing this since" * [[Safiyya bint Huyayy]] - The only person who could save her from becoming a slave after having enjoyed such a high position was Muhammad. Although her father had planned to assassinate Muhammad after the battle of Uhud and had conspired with the Banu Qurayza to exterminate all the Muslims during the battle of al-Khandaq. Muslims believe that this was characteristic of Muhammad, as he is believed to not have any grudges. * [[Maymunah bint al-Harith]] - Muhammad gave her the name, Maymuna, meaning "blessed", and Maymuna lived with Muhammad for just over three years, until his death. She was said to be very good-natured and is said to have got on well with everyone and no quarrel or disagreement with any of Muhammad's other wives has been related to her. Aisha said, "Among us, she had the most fear of Allah and did the most to maintain ties of kinship." * [[Maria al-Qibtiyya]] - Maria is said to have been honored and respected by Muhammad and his family and Companions. She spent three years of her life with Muhammad, until his death, and died five years later. For the last five years of her life, she remained a recluse and almost never went out except to visit the grave of Muhammad or her son's grave. After her death, Umar ibn al Khattab led the prayer over her and she was buried in al Baqi. == References == {{Reflist}} == More reading == <div class="references-small"> * {{cite book | author=Adil Salahi | title=Muhammad: Man and Prophet| url=https://archive.org/details/muhammadmanproph0000sala_q2x9 | publisher=Islamic Foundation (UK) | year=2002 | isbn=978-1-86204-290-2}} * {{cite book | author=Andrae, Tor | title=Mohammed: The Man and His Faith | url=https://archive.org/details/mohammedmanhisfa0000andr_k5k0 | publisher=Dover | year=2000 | isbn=978-0-486-41136-1}} * {{cite book | author=Armstrong, Karen | title=Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet | url=https://archive.org/details/muhammadbiograph00kare | location=San Francisco | publisher=Harper | year=1993 | isbn=978-0-06-250886-7}} * {{cite book | editor=Berg, Herbert | title=Method and Theory in the Study of Islamic Origins | publisher=E. J. Brill | year=2003 | isbn=978-90-04-12602-2}} * {{cite book | author=Cook, Michael | title=Muhammad | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1983 | isbn=978-0-19-287605-8 |edition=reissue 1996}} * {{cite book | author=Dashti, Ali | title=Twenty-Three Years: A Study of the Prophetic Career of Mohammad | url=https://archive.org/details/twentythreeyears0000alid | publisher=Mazda | year=1994 | isbn=978-1-56859-029-5}} * {{cite book | author=Hamidullah, Muhammad | title=The Life and Work of the Prophet of Islam | publisher=(s.n.)(Islamabad: Islamic Research Institute) | year=1998 | isbn=978-969-8413-00-2}} * {{cite book |editor=Motzki, Harald | title=The Biography of Muhammad: The Issue of the Sources (Islamic History and Civilization: Studies and Texts, Vol. 32) |url=https://archive.org/details/biographyofmuham0000unse | publisher=Brill | year=2000 |isbn=978-90-04-11513-2}} * {{cite book | author=Rodinson, Maxime | title=Muhammad | publisher=New Publishers | year=1961 | isbn=978-1-56584-752-1}} * {{cite book | author=Rodinson, Maxime | title=Muhammad: Prophet of Islam | publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks | year=2002 | isbn=978-1-86064-827-4}} * {{cite book | author=Rubin, Uri | title=The Eye of the Beholder: The Life of Muhammad as Viewed by the Early Muslims (A Textual Analysis) | url=https://archive.org/details/eyeofbeholderlif0000rubi | publisher=Darwin Press | year=1995 | isbn=978-0-87850-110-6}} * {{cite book | author=Schimmel, Annemarie | title=And Muhammad is His Messenger: The Veneration of the Prophet in Islamic Piety | publisher=The University of North Carolina Press | year=1985 | isbn=978-0-8078-4128-0}} * {{cite book | author=Stillman, Norman | year=1975 | title=The Jews of Arab Lands: a History and Source Book | publisher=Jewish Publication Society of America | isbn=978-0-8276-0198-7}} * {{cite book | author=Warraq, Ibn | title=The Quest for the Historical Muhammad | publisher=Prometheus Books | year=2000 | isbn=978-1-57392-787-1}} </div> == Other websites == {{sisterlinks|Muhammad}} * [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9105853/Muhammad Muhammad], article on ''Enyclopaedia Britannica Online'' * [https://www.pbs.org/muhammad Muhammad: Legacy of a Prophet - PBS Site] * [http://www.upf.tv/upf06/Projects/MuhammadDocumentary/tabid/175/Default.aspx Muhammad: Legacy of a Prophet - UPF (Producer's Site)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205025734/http://www.upf.tv/upf06/Projects/MuhammadDocumentary/tabid/175/Default.aspx |date=2009-02-05 }} {{Islam topics}} {{Classic World Religions}} [[Category:570 births]] [[Category:632 deaths]] [[Category:Islamic religious leaders]] [[Category:Muhammad| ]] [[Category:Former good articles]] [[Category:People from Mecca]] 64eq1c48n6gwads02yqec64wpzfxrmj 10 12836 10369091 10179609 2025-07-03T07:26:08Z 2605:4A80:7804:8EE0:A077:CF05:41E2:FD96 10369091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Europe |title = <!--{{flagicon image|Flag of Europe.svg|size=23px}}-->[[Country|Countries]] and territories of [[Europe]] |image = |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |group1= [[Country|Countries]] |list1 = [[Albania]] – [[Andorra]] – [[Austria]] – [[Belarus]] – [[Belgium]] – [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] – [[Bulgaria]] – [[Croatia]] – [[Republic of Cyprus]]<sup>1</sup> – [[Czech Republic]] – [[Denmark]]<sup>2,4</sup> – [[Estonia]] – [[Finland]] – [[France]]<sup>4</sup> – [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]<sup>1</sup> – [[Germany]] – [[Greece]] – [[Hungary]] – [[Iceland]] – [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] – [[Italy]] – [[Latvia]] – [[Liechtenstein]] – [[Lithuania]] – [[Luxembourg]] – [[Malta]] – [[Moldova]] – [[Monaco]] – [[Montenegro]] – [[Netherlands]]<sup>4</sup> – [[North Macedonia]] – [[Norway]]<sup>4</sup> – [[Poland]] – [[Portugal]]<sup>4,6</sup> – [[Romania]] – [[Russia]]<sup>1</sup> – [[San Marino]] – [[Serbia]] – [[Slovakia]] – [[Slovenia]] – [[Spain]]<sup>4,6</sup> – [[Sweden]] – [[Switzerland]] – [[Turkey]]<sup>1</sup> – [[Syria]]<sup>1</sup> - [[Ukraine]] – [[United Kingdom]]<sup>4</sup> – [[Vatican City]]<sup>7</sup> |group2= '''[[list of dependent territories|Dependencies]]''' |list2= [[Akrotiri and Dhekelia]]<sup>1</sup> – [[Azores]]<sup>5</sup> – [[Ceuta]]<sup>5, 6</sup> – [[Faroe Islands]]<sup>5</sup> – [[Gibraltar]]<sup>5</sup> – [[Greenland]]<sup>5,2</sup> – [[Guernsey]] – [[Jan Mayen]] – [[Jersey]] – [[Isle of Man]] – [[Melilla]]<sup>5,6</sup> – [[Svalbard]] |group3='''[[list of unrecognized countries|Other Countries]]''' |list3= [[Abkhazia]]<sup>1,3</sup> – [[Kosovo]]<sup>3</sup> – [[South Ossetia]]<sup>1, 3</sup> – [[Transnistria]] – [[Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus]]<sup>1,3</sup> | list4= 1. [[Transcontinental country]]/territory that is part of both Europe and Asia. 2. Territory or with territory geographically part of North America. 3. Partially recognized. 4. Not all dependent territories are listed. 5. Territory has some form of self-rule. 6. Territory or with territory geographically part of Africa. 7. Governed by the [[Holy See]]. }}<noinclude> [[Category:Europe navigational boxes]] </noinclude> ega4ixow7pfta28zzqdn19a2on5q32c 0 13426 10369019 10037335 2025-07-03T05:47:18Z Julipero 1604351 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 10369019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Musicians --> | name = Johnny Nash | image = Johnny Nash.png | caption = Nash in 1965 | background = solo_singer | birth_name = John Lester Nash Jr. | alias = | birth_date = {{birth date|1940|8|19}} | birth_place = [[Houston, Texas]], U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|2020|10|6|1940|8|19}} | death_place = Houston, Texas, U.S. | origin = | genre = [[Traditional pop]], [[reggae]] | occupation = Singer, songwriter, actor | years_active = 1956–2020 | label = [[Epic Records|Epic]], [[JAD Records|JAD]], Cayman Music | website = {{URL|johnnynash.com}} }} '''John Lester "Johnny" Nash Jr.''' (August 19, 1940 &ndash; October 6, 2020) was an [[Americans|American]] [[reggae]] and [[soul music|soul]] [[singer]]. His best known singles were "[[I Can See Clearly Now]]", "[[Hold Me Tight (Johnny Nash song)|Hold Me Tight]]" and "[[Tears on My Pillow (Johnny Nash song)|Tears on My Pillow]]". ==Career== His biggest hit was "I Can See Clearly Now" in 1972. In his late teens Johnny Nash came to the attention of Arthur Godfrey and put in many appearances on his TV show. He also had a featured role in the motion picture "Take A Giant Step". Johnny began recording for the ABC Paramount label, and under the guidance of arranger producer Don Costa, he made a number of albums of standards. Including "Johnny Nash", "Let's Get Lost", "The Quiet Hour", "Studio Time" and "I Got Rhythm". Even though he possessed a superb singing voice, it seems that in the early 1960s, all young black male ballad singers were overshadowed by another Johnny. [[Johnny Mathis]]. Johnny Nash never really came into the forefront of [[pop music]]. He made a couple of obscure [[jazz]] tinged albums for the Argo label. Then after being off the scene for a couple of years, he emerged with a new music genre, the reggae, soul and caribbean type song stylings. This was the mid 70's and he found new fans and a new popularity. On June 25, 2019, ''[[The New York Times]]'' listed Johnny Nash among hundreds of artists whose material was reportedly destroyed in the [[2008 Universal fire]].<ref name="Rosen2">{{cite web |last1=Rosen |first1=Jody |title=Here Are Hundreds More Artists Whose Tapes Were Destroyed in the UMG Fire |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/25/magazine/universal-music-fire-bands-list-umg.html |website=The New York Times |accessdate=June 28, 2019 |date=June 25, 2019}}</ref> ==Personal life== Nash was born in [[Houston]], [[Texas]]. He died on October 6, 2020 in Houston at the age of 80.<ref>[https://www.fox26houston.com/news/i-can-see-clearly-now-singer-songwriter-johnny-nash-dies-at-80 "I Can See Clearly Now" singer-songwriter Johnny Nash dies at 80]</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{Official website|http://johnnynash.com/}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nash, Johnny}} [[Category:1940 births]] [[Category:2020 deaths]] [[Category:American soul singers]] [[Category:American composers]] [[Category:American singer-songwriters]] [[Category:Musicians from Houston]] [[Category:Writers from Houston]] [[Category:Actors from Houston]] [[Category:Singers from Houston]] [[Category:American reggae musicians]] {{US-bio-stub}} cod2gs3y1ffoumubyd4zjx5e8vynki4 0 13585 10368098 9589477 2025-07-02T18:57:27Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ US-EN 10368098 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | runtime = Approx. 24&nbsp;minutes per episode | creator = [[Will McRobb]] <br> [[Chris Viscardi]] | starring = [[Mike Maronna]] <br> [[Danny Tamberelli]] | country = [[United States]] | network = [[Nickelodeon (TV channel)|Nickelodeon]] | first_aired = {{start date|1993}} | last_aired = {{end date|1996}} | num_episodes = thirty-four (with five specials and eighteen shorts) }} '''''The Adventures of Pete and Pete''''' was an [[United States|American]] [[television]] show on the [[Nickelodeon]] [[television network|network]] in the early 1990s. It was about two [[brother]]s with the same first name who grow up together. == Other websites == * [http://pnp.norecess.org/ The Website of ''Pete and Pete''] {{nickshows}} {{tv-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Adventures of Pete and Pete, The}} [[Category:1990s American drama television series]] [[Category:Nickelodeon television series]] [[Category:1989 American television series debuts]] [[Category:1996 American television series endings]] [[Category:1990s American comedy television series]] [[Category:American comedy television series]] [[Category:American comedy-drama television series]] [[Category:American drama television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] kanbukcpyr8un7g2yml48p47kycko5x 10368100 10368098 2025-07-02T19:01:10Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C dates and replace WP:TVNOW 10368100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | runtime = Approx. 24&nbsp;minutes per episode | creator = [[Will McRobb]] <br> [[Chris Viscardi]] | starring = [[Mike Maronna]] <br> [[Danny Tamberelli]] | country = [[United States]] | network = [[Nickelodeon (TV channel)|Nickelodeon]] | first_aired = {{start date|1989|02|05}} | last_aired = {{end date|1996|04|01}} | num_episodes = thirty-four (with five specials and eighteen shorts) }} '''''The Adventures of Pete and Pete''''' is an [[United States|American]] comedy drama television series on the [[Nickelodeon]] network from February 5, 1989 to April 1, 1996. It was about two [[brother]]s with the same first name who grow up together. == Other websites == * [http://pnp.norecess.org/ The Website of ''Pete and Pete''] {{nickshows}} {{tv-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Adventures of Pete and Pete, The}} [[Category:1990s American drama television series]] [[Category:Nickelodeon television series]] [[Category:1989 American television series debuts]] [[Category:1996 American television series endings]] [[Category:1990s American comedy television series]] [[Category:American comedy television series]] [[Category:American comedy-drama television series]] [[Category:American drama television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] tthv3lx75j11481kryndua89uplvf31 0 13832 10368709 10046044 2025-07-03T02:15:45Z LilyKitty 103847 about gastroenterology 10368709 wikitext text/x-wiki {{one source}} [[File:Digestive system diagram en.svg|thumb|270px|Human digestive system]] The '''digestive system''' is the parts of the [[body]] that [[Digestion|digest]] food. It is the '''gastrointestinal system'''. It breaks down food into simple [[chemical]]s which can be [[wikt:absorb|absorbed]] into the [[blood stream]]. It also produces waste, which be expelled by passing gas, pooping, or even passing urine. From the blood stream, nutrients go to the [[liver]], which is a kind of chemical factory for the body. The liver adjusts the nutrients so that the mix is what the body needs. In the stomach, gastric acid is introduced. This is basically dilute [[hydrochloric acid]]. It is very reactive and has a [[pH|pH level]] of 1.5 to 3.5.<ref>Elaine N. Marieb, Katja Hoehn, Katja N. Hoehn 2018. ''Human anatomy and physiology'', 11th edition. Pearson Education, p1264. ISBN 978-0134580999</ref> The stomach has a layer of [[mucus]] to protect itself from the acid. The digestive system also get rid of waste material. The gastrointestinal system starts at the [[lip]]s and ends at the [[anus]]. Animals like [[worm]]s, [[insect]]s, [[mammal]]s, [[bird]]s, [[fish]], and [[human|people]] all have digestive systems. Passing gas during digesting is normal. It is Mother Nature's way of releasing excess gas. The digestive system is not just the '''gut''', but also many other [[Organ (anatomy)|organs]] which help us digest food. For example, digestive [[enzymes]] are needed to break down [[carbohydrates]] and [[meat]] into substances which can be absorbed. The absorbed food then goes to the rest of your body, and makes you healthy. The parts of the [[human]] digestive system are the same in many animals: *[[Mouth]] *[[Pharynx]] *[[Oesophagus]] *[[Stomach]] *[[Intestine]]s **[[Small intestine]] ***[[Duodenum]] ***[[Jejunum]] ***[[Ileum]] **[[Large intestine]] ***[[Cecum]] ***[[Colon (anatomy)|Colon]] *[[Rectum]] *[[Anus]] Other organs that are part of the gastrointestinal system but are ''not'' part of the gut are: *[[Liver]] and [[gall bladder]] *[[Pancreas]] *[[Salivary gland]]s, [[lip]]s, [[teeth]], [[tongue]], [[epiglottis]], [[thyroid]], and [[parathyroid]]s Food does not go through these organs. But they help the gut digest the food. They also have other work. For example, the pancreas, thyroid, liver, and parathyroids are also endocrine [[gland]]s that make [[hormone]]s like [[insulin]]. There are many diseases that affect the gastrointestinal system. [[Medical doctor|Doctors]] who study the gastrointestinal tract are called [[gastroenterology|gastroenterologists]]. They also study why people pass faeces excessively. == Related pages == * [[Appendix (anatomy)|Appendix]] * [[Gastroenterology]] * [[nervous system]] * [[Polyp|polyps]] == References == {{reflist}} - {{gastrointestinal system}} {{Human systems and organs}} [[Category:Digestive system]] dp8w63oik57l4g3vos1senzl8lsur6k 0 13951 10368018 10050007 2025-07-02T17:55:59Z NewAnimationMan 1014857 10368018 wikitext text/x-wiki Below is a list of [[animation|animated]] [[movie]]s from [[Walt Disney Pictures]]/[[The Walt Disney Company]]. For a list of [[live-action]] movies from the company, see [[List of Disney movies]]. The following is a list of movies which are said to be produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios (formerly Walt Disney Productions, between 1937 and 1985 and Walt Disney Feature Animation between 1986 and 2006). They are also known as the Disney Canon. The canon includes animated movies that were or are being [[production|produced]] entirely by Walt Disney Animation Studios. Movies which are not part of the canon are movies which include both animation and [[live-action]], [[spin-off]]s from Disney [[television programme|television programs]], the direct-to-video movies produced by the [[DisneyToon Studios|DisneyToons]] [[studio]] in [[Australia]] (some of which received [[movie theater|theatrical]] releases), or the [[Pixar]] movies (which Disney "presents" but does not produce). ==Films== <!--- Please don't add colors for Studio Ghibli films, as it's a third-party studio and Disney has never owned more than 10% in the company. Please don't re-add the Academy Award Review of Walt Disney Cartoons its a compilation film, with no original bridge animation. ---> {| class="wikitable" |+ Color legend |- |Walt Disney Productions (1937–1985)<br />Walt Disney Feature Animation (1986–2006)<br />[[Walt Disney Animation Studios]] (2007–present) | style="background:#F3632B; " | &nbsp; |- |[[Pixar|Pixar Animation Studios]] (1995–present) | style="background:blue; " | &nbsp; |- |20th Century Fox Animation (2019–2020)<br>[[20th Century Animation]] (2020–present) | style="background:goldenrod; " | &nbsp; |- |Disney MovieToons (1990–2002)<br />[[Disneytoon Studios]] (2003–2014) | style="background:#F7F436; " | &nbsp; |- |[[Disney Television Animation|Walt Disney Television Animation]] (1999–2004) | style="background:purple; " | &nbsp; |- |Other Disney studio | style="background:gray; " | &nbsp; |- |Third-party studio | style="background:white; " | &nbsp; |- ! colspan="2" | |- |[[List of films with live action and animation|Live-action/animation]] hybrid sold as animation |{{note label|ALiveAction|SA}} |- |- |[[List of films with live action and animation|Live-action/animation]] hybrid sold as live-action |{{note label|LiveAction|SL}} |- |[[List of films with live action and animation|Live-action/animation]] hybrid sold as Documentary |{{note label|LiveAction|SD}} |- |Distribution only |{{note label|NotProduced|D}} |} === US releases / US produced === ====Released ==== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+ |- style="color:black" ! scope="col" style="width:295px;"|Title ! scope="col" style="width:195px;"|Original U.S. theatrical release date<ref group="rls">Listed are the original theatrical release dates in the United States (or other non-U.S. territories) when the film was contributed by the Walt Disney Company. Different distributors are attributed and credited for distributing each film throughout the history of the Walt Disney Company. Films released before 1954 were released by [[RKO Radio Pictures]] (with the exception of ''[[Victory Through Air Power (film)|Victory Through Air Power]]'', refused by RKO and then released by [[United Artists]]); films released after 1955 were released by Disney-owned [[Buena Vista Distribution]] and through its current name [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (since 2007); and films released after 1985 are co-credited with [[Walt Disney Pictures]].</ref><!-- U.S. Theatrical Release Date only--> ! colspan="2" scope="col" style="padding:0 8px; width:210px;"|Site<ref group="st" name="WDAS" /> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only--> {{dts|1937|12|21}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_lifetime_gross_adjusted/ |title=Top Lifetime Adjusted Grosses |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-date=February 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225230917/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_lifetime_gross_adjusted/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Highest-grossing animation at the domestic box office (inflation-adjusted) |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/highest-box-office-film-gross-for-an-animation-inflation-adjusted |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=Guinness World Records |language=en-gb |archive-date=March 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306230504/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/highest-box-office-film-gross-for-an-animation-inflation-adjusted |url-status=live}}</ref> | rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Productions]] and [[RKO Radio Pictures]]<ref name="distributor only">distributor only</ref> | rowspan="33" style="background:#F3632B;" | |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Pinocchio (1940 film)|Pinocchio]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only--> {{dts|1940|2|7}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Nugent|first=Frank S.|date=February 8, 1940|title=The Screen in Review; 'Pinocchio,' Walt Disney's Long-Awaited Successor to 'Snow White,' Has Its Premiere at the Center Theatre|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1940/02/08/archives/the-screen-in-review-pinocchio-walt-disneys-longawaited-successor.html|access-date=February 25, 2014|archive-date=October 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025110233/https://www.nytimes.com/1940/02/08/archives/the-screen-in-review-pinocchio-walt-disneys-longawaited-successor.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Fantasia (movie)|Fantasia]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only--> {{dts|1940|11|13}}<ref group="rls">Originally distributed by Walt Disney Productions. Original RKO date of release was {{dts|January 29, 1941|}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Box Office Mojo |id=0032455 |title=Fantasia |access-date=January 10, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite The Numbers |id=Fantasia |title=Fantasia |access-date=January 10, 2022}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Reluctant Dragon (movie)|The Reluctant Dragon]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1941|6|20}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Richard B. Jewell's RKO film grosses, 1929–51: The C. J. Trevlin Ledger: A comment. |publisher=Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, Volume 14, Issue 1, 1994.}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Dumbo]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1941|10|23}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Dumbo|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=dumbo.htm|access-date=January 5, 2012|archive-date=December 9, 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121209111153/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=dumbo.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Bambi]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1942|8|13}}<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://archive.org/stream/variety149-1943-01#page/n57/mode/1up|title=101 Pix Gross in Millions|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=January 6, 1943|page=58|via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Saludos Amigos]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1942|8|24}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Richard B. Jewell's RKO film grosses, 1929–51: The C. J. Trevlin Ledger: A comment. |publisher=Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, Volume 14, Issue 1, 1994.}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Victory Through Air Power (film)|Victory Through Air Power]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SD}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1943|7|17}}<ref>Markstein, Don. [http://www.toonopedia.com/airpower.htm "Victory Through Air Power."] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120917105031/http://www.toonopedia.com/airpower.htm |date=2012-09-17}} ''toonopedia.com'', Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Retrieved: May 12, 2009.</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Productions]] and [[United Artists]]<ref name="distributor only"/> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Three Caballeros]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1944|12|21}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Richard B. Jewell's RKO film grosses, 1929–51: The C. J. Trevlin Ledger: A comment. |publisher=Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, Volume 14, Issue 1, 1994.}}</ref> | rowspan="10" style="text-align:center;" | [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Productions]] and [[RKO Radio Pictures]]<ref name="distributor only"/> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Make Mine Music]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1946|4|20}}<ref>{{cite journal |title=Richard B. Jewell's RKO film grosses, 1929–51: The C. J. Trevlin Ledger: A comment.|journal=Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television|volume=14 |issue=1 |year=1994}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Song of the South]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SL}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1946|11|20}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Song-of-the-South#tab=summary|title=Song of the South (1946)|website=The Numbers|access-date=September 19, 2019|archive-date=June 12, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612092653/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Song-of-the-South#tab=summary|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Fun and Fancy Free]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1947|9|27}}<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sedgwick|first=John|title=Richard B. Jewell's RKO Film Grosses, 1929–51: The C. J. Trevlin Ledger: A comment.|journal=Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television|volume=14|issue=1|pages=51–8|year=1994|doi=10.1080/01439689400260041}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Melody Time]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1948|5|27}}<ref>{{cite web|work=Variety|title=109 Million Techni Sked|url=https://archive.org/stream/variety169-1948-02#page/n133/mode/1up|page=14|date=February 18, 1948}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[So Dear to My Heart]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SL}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1948|11|29}}<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://archive.org/stream/variety169-1948-02#page/n126/mode/1up |title=109-Million Investment by H'Wood in Current Technicolor Features |magazine=Variety |date=February 18, 1948 |page=7}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Richard B. Jewell's RKO film grosses, 1929–51: The C. J. Trevlin Ledger: A comment. |publisher=Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, Volume 14, Issue 1, 1994. Domestic earnings $2.2 million; Foreign earnings $575,000}}</ref><ref name="1964reissue">"Big Rental Pictures of 1964", ''Variety'', January 6, 1965, p. 39. 1964 revenue anticipation: $1.5 million</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1949|10|5}}<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sedgwick|first=John|title=Richard B. Jewell's RKO Film Grosses, 1929–51: The C. J. Trevlin Ledger: A comment.|journal=Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television|volume=14|issue=1|pages=51–8|year=1994|doi=10.1080/01439689400260041}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Cinderella (1950 film)|Cinderella]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1950|2|15}}<ref>{{cite magazine |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |title=Cartoon Coffers – Top-Grossing Disney Animated Features at the Worldwide B.O. |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Tooned+in%3A+Disney%27s+ani+classics+set+the+bar+and+lit+the+way+for...-a0110473946 |date=October 27, 2003 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |page=6 |access-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-date=November 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104215642/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Tooned+in%3a+Disney%27s+ani+classics+set+the+bar+and+lit+the+way+for...-a0110473946 |url-status=live |via=TheFreeLibrary.com}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Alice in Wonderland (1951 film)|Alice in Wonderland]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1951|7|28}}<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The Top Box Office Hits of 1951|url=https://archive.org/stream/variety185-1952-01#page/n69/mode/2up/|magazine=Variety|page=70|date=January 2, 1952|access-date=June 25, 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Peter Pan (1953 film)|Peter Pan]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1953|2|5}}<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|page=1|last=Tusher|first=William|title=Disney's Evergreen Gold Mine|date=September 4, 1969}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Lady and the Tramp]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1955|6|22}}<ref>{{cite news|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|title=Disney Animated Features at the Worldwide Box Office|date=October 27, 2003}}</ref> | rowspan="13" style="text-align:center;" | [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Productions]] and [[Buena Vista Film Distribution]]<ref>distributor label founded by Walt Disney</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Sleeping Beauty (1959 film)|Sleeping Beauty]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1959|1|29}}<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://archive.org/details/variety221-1961-01/page/n47 |title=All-Time Top Grossers |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |page=49 |via=[[Internet Archive]] |date=January 4, 1961 |access-date=October 3, 2019}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[One Hundred and One Dalmatians]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1961|1|25}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Thomas |first=Bob |title=Walt Disney: An American Original |edition=2nd |publisher=Disney Editions |isbn=978-0786860272 |page=295 |date=April 22, 1994}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Sword in the Stone (1963 film)|The Sword in the Stone]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1963|12|25}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Thomas|first=Bob|author-link=Bob Thomas (reporter)|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1798&dat=19631101&id=LxQhAAAAIBAJ&pg=3775,126269&hl=en|title=Walt Disney Eyes New Movie Cartoon|work=[[Sarasota Journal]]|page=22|date=November 1, 1963|access-date=June 5, 2016|via=[[Google News Archive]]|archive-date=November 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117163849/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1798&dat=19631101&id=LxQhAAAAIBAJ&pg=3775,126269&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Mary Poppins (film)|Mary Poppins]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SL}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1964|8|27}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedigitalbits.com/columns/history-legacy--showmanship/mary-poppins-50th-anniv|title=Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious: Remembering "Mary Poppins" on its 50th Anniversary|author=Michael Coate|work=thedigitalbits.com|access-date=February 16, 2015|archive-date=December 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202070754/http://www.thedigitalbits.com/columns/history-legacy--showmanship/mary-poppins-50th-anniv|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1964/0MAPO.php|title=Box Office Information for ''Mary Poppins''|publisher=The Numbers|access-date=March 5, 2013|archive-date=February 1, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201044717/http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1964/0MAPO.php|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Hillier|first1=Jim|last2=Pye|first2=Doug|title=100 Film Musicals|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MWsdBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA136|date=May 24, 2011|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-84457-568-8 |page=136}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Steinberg|first1=Cobbett|title=Film Facts|url=https://archive.org/details/filmfacts00cobb_mc3|url-access=registration|year=1980|publisher=Facts on File, Inc.|location=New York|isbn=0-87196-313-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/filmfacts00cobb_mc3/page/25 25]}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Jungle Book (1967 film)|The Jungle Book]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1967|10|18}}<ref>{{cite magazine |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |title=Cartoon Coffers – Top-Grossing Disney Animated Features at the Worldwide B.O. |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Tooned+in%3A+Disney%27s+ani+classics+set+the+bar+and+lit+the+way+for...-a0110473946 |date=October 27, 2003 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |page=6 |archive-date=November 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104215642/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Tooned+in%3a+Disney%27s+ani+classics+set+the+bar+and+lit+the+way+for...-a0110473946 |url-status=live |via=TheFreeLibrary.com}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Aristocats]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1970|12|24}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Scott|first=Vernon|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42762710/the_logansport_press/|title=News from Hollywood|newspaper=[[Pharos-Tribune|The Logansport Press]]|page=6|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|date=February 17, 1971|access-date=January 21, 2020|archive-date=February 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218002302/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42762710/the-logansport-press/|url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Bedknobs and Broomsticks]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SL}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1971|10|7}}<ref>{{cite news |last=Smith |first=Cecil |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/166050539/ |title=Disney studios: it's a hardly a Mickey Mouse operation |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url-access=subscription |date=March 22, 1970 |access-date=July 17, 2018 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |archive-date=June 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620221120/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/166050539/ |url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Robin Hood (1973 film)|Robin Hood]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1973|11|8}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Huddy|first=John|title=Disney Coming Out with "Robin Hood"|newspaper=[[The Blade (Toledo, Ohio)|Toledo Blade]]|date=November 7, 1973|access-date=August 11, 2016|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19731107&id=EClPAAAAIBAJ&pg=7067,2963977&hl=en|via=Google News Archive|archive-date=April 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422071122/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19731107&id=EClPAAAAIBAJ&pg=7067,2963977&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1977|3|11}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/10top10.pdf?docID=381&AddInterest=1781 |title=AFI's 10 Top 10 Nominees |format=PDF |access-date=2016-08-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716071937/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/10top10.pdf?docID=381&AddInterest=1781 |archive-date=2011-07-16}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Rescuers]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1977|6|22}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Film Reviews: The Rescuers|magazine=Variety|url=https://variety.com/1976/film/reviews/the-rescuers-2-1200423850/|date=June 15, 1977|access-date=February 12, 2016|archive-date=August 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828023451/https://variety.com/1976/film/reviews/the-rescuers-2-1200423850/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Pete's Dragon (1977 film)|Pete's Dragon]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SL}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1977|11|3}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1977/0PEDR.php |publisher=The Numbers |title=Pete's Dragon, Box Office Information |access-date=January 29, 2012 |archive-date=August 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813041834/http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1977/0PEDR.php |url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Fox and the Hound]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1981|7|10}}<ref>{{cite web|title=The Fox and the Hound (1981)|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0082406/|access-date=September 20, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027192122/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0082406/|archive-date=October 27, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title=Forest Friendship|first=David|last=Ansen|magazine=[[Newsweek]]|date=July 13, 1981|page=81}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Black Cauldron (film)|The Black Cauldron]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1985|7|24}}<ref>{{cite web |title=The Black Cauldron (1985) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0088814/?ref_=bo_se_r_1 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=October 23, 2010 |archive-date=October 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026031855/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0088814/?ref_=bo_se_r_1 |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | [[Walt Disney Pictures]], Walt Disney Productions and [[Silver Screen Partners|Silver Screen Partners II]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Great Mouse Detective]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1986|7|2}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=greatmousedetective.htm|title=Box office information for ''The Great Mouse Detective''|publisher=[[IMDb]]|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=May 1, 2010|archive-date=December 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203134523/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=greatmousedetective.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation and Silver Screen Partners II |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Who Framed Roger Rabbit]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1988|6|22}}<ref>{{cite web |title=The Numbers: Who Framed Roger Rabbit? (1988) |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Who-Framed-Roger-Rabbit#tab=international |website=The Numbers |publisher=Nash Information Services |access-date=1 July 2022 |ref=box office |archive-date=1 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701045718/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Who-Framed-Roger-Rabbit#tab=international |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | [[Touchstone Pictures]],<ref name="Released under the label">Released under the label.</ref> [[Amblin Entertainment]] and Silver Screen Partners III<ref>Copyrighted to Touchstone Pictures & Amblin Entertainment</ref> | style="background:gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Oliver & Company]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1988|11|18}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://powergrid.thewrap.com/project/oliver-company|title=Oliver & Company (1988)|publisher=[[The Wrap]]|access-date=December 14, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220223925/http://powergrid.thewrap.com/project/oliver-company|archive-date=December 20, 2016}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation and Silver Screen Partners III | rowspan="2" style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1989|11|17}}<ref>{{cite book|last=Stewart|first=James B.|url=https://archive.org/details/disneywar00jame_0|title=DisneyWar|page=104|year=2005|publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]|location=New York|url-access=registration|isbn=0-684-80993-1|author-link=James B. Stewart}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Little Mermaid (1989) – Box Office Summary|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=littlemermaid.htm|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=September 7, 2018|archive-date=July 31, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731031530/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=littlemermaid.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation and Silver Screen Partners IV |- ! scope="row" | ''[[DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1990|8|3}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/MovieDetails/58484 |title=DuckTales The Movie: Treasure Of The Lost Lamp (1990) |publisher=AFI |access-date=April 26, 2020 |archive-date=September 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923072708/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/58484 |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, [[Disneytoon Studios|Disney MovieToons]] | style="background:#F7F436;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Rescuers Down Under]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1990|11|16}}<ref>{{cite web |title=The Rescuers Down Under (1990) |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rescuers-Down-Under-The#tab=summary |website=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |access-date=March 28, 2016 |archive-date=June 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612135642/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rescuers-Down-Under-The#tab=summary |url-status=live}}</ref> | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation and Silver Screen Partners IV | style="background:#F3632B;" rowspan="3" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1991|11|22}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?yr=1991&p=.htm|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|title=1991 DOMESTIC GROSSES|access-date=October 6, 2011|archive-date=November 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106181314/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?yr=1991|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Aladdin (1992 movie)|Aladdin]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1992|11|25}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=aladdin.htm |title=Aladdin (1992) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=March 17, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215092824/http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=aladdin.htm |archive-date=February 15, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Nightmare Before Christmas]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1993|10|29}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0107688/ |title=Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993) |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-date=November 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101214612/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0107688/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Touchstone Pictures]],<ref name="Released under the label"/> [[Skellington Productions]] | style="background:gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Lion King]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1994|6|24}}<ref>{{cite web |first=Brad |last=Brevert |title='X-Men' & 'Alice' Lead Soft Memorial Day Weekend; Disney Tops $4&nbsp;Billion Worldwide |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed3093300228/ |date=May 29, 2016 |access-date=January 28, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-date=August 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814104414/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=4191}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[A Goofy Movie]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1995|4|7}}<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=February 19, 1996|page=1|last=Klady|first=Leonard|title=B.O. with a vengeance: $9.1 billion worldwide}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Disney MovieToons | style="background:#F7F436;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Pocahontas (1995 film)|Pocahontas]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1995|6|23}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Pocahontas#tab=summary|title=Pocahontas (1995) – Financial Information|work=The Numbers|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=November 22, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122223606/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Pocahontas#tab=summary|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Toy Story]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1995|11|22}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1995/09/18/206099/index.htm |work=CNN|title=Steve Jobs' Amazing Movie Adventure Disney Is Betting on Computerdom's Ex-Boy Wonder To Deliver This Year's Animated Christmas Blockbuster. Can He Do For Hollywood What He Did For Silicon Valley? |first=Brent |last=Schlender |date=September 18, 1995|access-date=March 12, 2009|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120604153134/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1995/09/18/206099/index.htm|archive-date=June 4, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, [[Pixar|Pixar Animation Studios]] | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[James and the Giant Peach (film)|James and the Giant Peach]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1996|4|12}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0116683/?ref_=bo_rl_ti|title=James and the Giant Peach|access-date=2022-11-07|archive-date=2022-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107190116/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0116683/?ref_=bo_rl_ti|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/James-and-the-Giant-Peach#tab=summary|title=James and the Giant Peach (1996) – Financial Information|access-date=2022-11-07|archive-date=2018-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303164751/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/James-and-the-Giant-Peach#tab=summary|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, [[Allied Filmmakers]] and Skellington Productions<ref group="st" name="Skellington Productions">Released by Walt Disney Pictures.</ref> | style="background:gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)|The Hunchback of Notre Dame]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1996|6|21}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bates |first1=James |last2=Apodaca |first2=Patrice |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-06-20-mn-16693-story.html |title=Stalking the King of Animation |work=Los Angeles Times |date=June 20, 1996 |access-date=June 21, 2021 |archive-date=June 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204007/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-06-20-mn-16693-story.html |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation | style="background:#F3632B;" rowspan="3" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Hercules (1997 film)|Hercules]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1997|6|27}} <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1997/06/26/humorous-hercules-has-strong-potential/|title=Humorous 'Hercules' Has Strong Potential|last=Shenot|first=Christine|date=June 26, 1997|access-date=August 18, 2015|newspaper=Orlando Sentinel|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304204721/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1997-06-26/business/9706251217_1_hercules-walt-disney-disney-animation|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Mulan (1998 film)|Mulan]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1998|6|19}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Mulan-(1998)#tab=summary|work=The-Numbers|publisher=Nash Information Services|title=Mulan|access-date=May 25, 2022|archive-date=June 27, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120627002530/http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1998/MULAN.php|url-status=live}}</ref> |style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, [[Walt Disney Feature Animation Florida]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[A Bug's Life]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1998|11|25}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1998/12/14/star-trek-squashes-bug-s-life-at-box-office/|title='Star Trek' squashes "Bug's Life' at box office|work=[[The Tampa Bay Times]]|date=December 14, 1998|access-date=October 30, 2022|archive-date=October 11, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011150552/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1998/12/14/star-trek-squashes-bug-s-life-at-box-office/|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Doug's 1st Movie]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1999|3|26}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.screenit.com/movies/1999/dougs_1st_movie.html |title=DOUG'S 1ST MOVIE |website=screenit.com |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2008-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080417203955/http://www.screenit.com/movies/1999/dougs_1st_movie.html |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, [[Disney Television Animation|Walt Disney Television Animation]] and [[List of animation studios owned by The Walt Disney Company#Jumbo Pictures|Jumbo Pictures]]<ref>Copyrighted to Jumbo Pictures</ref> | style="background:purple;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Tarzan (1999 film)|Tarzan]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1999|6|18}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Gauging the Heat of Competition as Post-'Menace' Season Begins|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jun-11-fi-45276-story.html|last=Eller|first=Claudia|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=June 11, 1999|access-date=September 11, 2015|url-access=limited|archive-date=February 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216195111/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jun-11-fi-45276-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Toy Story 2]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1999|11|24}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Toy Story 2' dominates U.S. box office |url=https://www.upi.com/amp/Archives/1999/11/28/Toy-Story-2-dominates-US-box-office/7906943765200/ |access-date=22 February 2022 |work=[[United Press International]] |date=28 November 1999 |archive-date=February 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222022213/https://www.upi.com/amp/Archives/1999/11/28/Toy-Story-2-dominates-US-box-office/7906943765200/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Fantasia 2000]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} |<!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1999|12|17}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=fantasia2000.htm|title=Fantasia 2000 (35mm & IMAX)|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=May 5, 2011|archive-date=June 7, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607062913/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=fantasia2000.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Tigger Movie]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2000|2|11}}<ref>{{cite news|last1=Orwall|first1=Bruce|title=Disney Hopes to Get Its 'Groove' Back in Suffering Family Films|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB976751561781373735|access-date=September 11, 2015|work=The Walt Street Journal|date=December 14, 2000|quote=February's "The Tigger Movie," produced for a bargain-basement $15 million,...|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705095316/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB976751561781373735|archive-date=July 5, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Natale|first1=Richard|title=Moviegoing's Much More Than a 'Scream'|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-feb-14-ca-64124-story.html|access-date=September 11, 2015|work=Los Angeles Times|date=February 14, 2000|quote=The low-budget ($15-million) "Tigger"...|url-status=live|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20150911125005/http://articles.latimes.com/2000/feb/14/entertainment/ca-64124|archive-date=September 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Tigger Movie (2000) - Financial Information |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Tigger-Movie-The#tab=summary |website=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |quote=$20 million |access-date=2022-11-05 |archive-date=2022-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105220658/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Tigger-Movie-The#tab=summary |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Television Animation and [[List of animation studios owned by The Walt Disney Company#Disney Animation Japan|Walt Disney Animation Japan]] | style="background:purple;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Dinosaur (movie)|Dinosaur]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2000|5|19}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Natale|first=Richard|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-may-22-ca-32653-story.html|title='Dinosaur' Gets a Colossal Jump on Summer|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=May 22, 2000|access-date=July 16, 2019|archive-date=June 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614042411/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-may-22-ca-32653-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation and [[List of animation studios owned by The Walt Disney Company#The Secret Lab|The Secret Lab]] | style="background:#F3632B;" rowspan="2" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Emperor's New Groove]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2000|12|15}} <ref>{{cite news |last=Strauss |first=Bob |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/UNBRIDLED+ENTHUSIASM+CAN+DREAMWORKS%27+JEFFREY+KATZENBERG+REINVENT+THE...-a086402195 |title=Unbridled Enthusiasm: Can DreamWorks' Jeffrey Katzenberg Reinvent The CG-Animated Film? |work=Los Angeles Daily News |via=The Free Library |date=May 26, 2002 |access-date=February 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224113146/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/UNBRIDLED+ENTHUSIASM+CAN+DREAMWORKS%27+JEFFREY+KATZENBERG+REINVENT+THE...-a086402195 |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Hernandez |first=Greg |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/DISNEY+JUGGLES+AFTER+FAILURE+%27TREASURE+PLANET%27+SINKS+SCHUMACHER.-a096189053 |title=Disney Juggles After Failure 'Treasure Planet' Sinks Schumacher |work=Los Angeles Daily News |via=The Free Library |date=January 4, 2003 |access-date=February 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224113148/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/DISNEY+JUGGLES+AFTER+FAILURE+%27TREASURE+PLANET%27+SINKS+SCHUMACHER.-a096189053 |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="polygon 2020">{{cite web |url=https://www.polygon.com/2020/6/24/21301603/the-emperors-new-groove-streaming-disney-david-spade-john-goodman-eartha-kitt |title=Torn apart in production, The Emperor's New Groove came out at exactly the wrong time |first=Petrana |last=Radulovic |date=June 24, 2020 |access-date=June 24, 2020 |work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |archive-date=July 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720205053/https://www.polygon.com/2020/6/24/21301603/the-emperors-new-groove-streaming-disney-david-spade-john-goodman-eartha-kitt |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Recess: School's Out]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2001|2|16}} <ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |title=Recess School's Out (2001) |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=recessschoolsout.htm |access-date=2015-01-26 |archive-date=2016-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160627150634/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=recessschoolsout.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Television Animation and [[Paul Germain|Paul]] & [[Joe Ansolabehere|Joe]] Productions | style="background:purple;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Atlantis: The Lost Empire]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2001|6|15}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movies/2001/ATLNS.php|work=The-Numbers|publisher=Nash Information Services|title=Atlantis: The Lost Empire|access-date=January 6, 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220140352/http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/2001/ATLNS.php|archive-date=December 20, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Suddenly, High Stakes for Disney's Film and TV Businesses|first1=Rick|last1=Lyman|first2=Geraldine|last2=Fabrikant|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/21/business/21FILM.html?pagewanted=all|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 21, 2001|access-date=July 4, 2011|quote=Besides, Disney executives maintain that they have made it easier for their animated features to break even by a cost-cutting campaign that made ''Atlantis'', which cost $100 million, about 35 percent cheaper to produce than the studio's other recent animated efforts.|archive-date=January 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140128231928/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/21/business/21FILM.html?pagewanted=all|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=atlantis.htm|title=''Atlantis: The Lost Empire'' (2001)|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]|publisher=Amazon|access-date=July 3, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606200130/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=atlantis.htm |archive-date=June 6, 2011}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation | style="background:#F3632B;| &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Monsters, Inc.]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2001|11|2}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.brainerddispatch.com/newsmd/monsters-inc-mashes-its-competition-with-record-opening|title='Monsters, Inc.' mashes its competition with record opening|date=November 8, 2001|access-date=October 30, 2022|archive-date=October 30, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030033247/https://www.brainerddispatch.com/newsmd/monsters-inc-mashes-its-competition-with-record-opening|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Return to Never Land]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2002|2|15}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/?yr=2002&wknd=07&p=.htm |title=Weekend Box Office Results for February 15-17, 2002 |work=[[Box Office Mojo]] |publisher=[[Amazon.com]] |date=February 19, 2002 |access-date=December 6, 2016 |archive-date=December 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220090204/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/?yr=2002&wknd=07&p=.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Disney MovieToons, Disney Television Animation | style="background:purple;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Lilo & Stitch]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2002|6|21}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-jun-24-et-natale24-story.html|title='Lilo,' 'Minority Report' Tussling Over Top Spot|website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=24 June 2002 |access-date=2022-11-03|archive-date=2022-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103033019/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-jun-24-et-natale24-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation Florida | style="background:#F3632B;" rowspan="2" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Treasure Planet]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2002|11|27}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Treasure Planet 2002 |date=December 6, 2002 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=treasureplanet.htm |access-date=August 10, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629125803/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=treasureplanet.htm |archive-date=June 29, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Jungle Book 2]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2003|2|14}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Weekend Box Office Results for February 14-17, 2003|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/?view=&yr=2003&wknd=07a&p=.htm|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]|publisher=[[IMDb]] (which is owned by [[Amazon.com]])|date=February 18, 2003|access-date=August 19, 2013|archive-date=December 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151215044330/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/?view=&yr=2003&wknd=07a&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |Walt Disney Pictures, Disneytoon Studios | style="background:#F7F436;" rowspan="2" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Piglet's Big Movie]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2003|3|21}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://powergrid.thewrap.com/project/piglets-big-movie|title=Piglet's Big Movie (2003)|work=[[The Wrap]]|access-date=December 14, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220223937/http://powergrid.thewrap.com/project/piglets-big-movie|archive-date=December 20, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Lizzie McGuire Movie]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SL}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only--> {{dts|2003|5|2}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeprophets.com/tickermaster/listing.cfm?TMID=1097:Raise_Your_Voice|title=Raise Your Voice|website=Box Office Prophets|access-date=October 27, 2016|archive-date=October 28, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028083845/http://www.boxofficeprophets.com/tickermaster/listing.cfm?TMID=1097:Raise_Your_Voice|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, [[Stan Rogow Productions]] | style="background:gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Finding Nemo]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2003|5|30}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB105449535976066600|title='Finding Nemo' Takes Top Spot At Box Office on First Weekend|newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=June 2, 2003|access-date=October 30, 2022|archive-date=October 30, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030033229/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB105449535976066600|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Brother Bear]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2003|11|1}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://powergrid.thewrap.com/project/brother-bear|title=Brother Bear (2003)|work=[[The Wrap]]|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223063844/http://powergrid.thewrap.com/project/brother-bear|archive-date=December 23, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation Florida | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Teacher's Pet (2004 film)|Teacher's Pet]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2004|1|16}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://movies.yahoo.com/feature/delgo-worst-opening-ever.html |title=Delgo worst opening ever |publisher=Movies.Yahoo.com |access-date=March 10, 2012 |archive-date=December 19, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219082525/https://movies.yahoo.com/feature/delgo-worst-opening-ever.html |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Television Animation | style="background:purple;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Home on the Range (2004 film)|Home on the Range]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2004|4|2}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Lowe|first=R. Kinsey|title=Bad day in the barnyard|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-apr-05-et-lowe5-story.html|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=April 5, 2004|access-date=December 21, 2015|archive-date=December 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222175711/http://articles.latimes.com/2004/apr/05/entertainment/et-lowe5|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2004/film/markets-festivals/for-disney-it-s-a-season-on-the-brink-1117903177/|last=Amdur|first=Meredith|title=For Disney, it's a season on the brink|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=April 12, 2004|access-date=December 21, 2015|archive-date=December 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223015208/http://variety.com/2004/film/markets-festivals/for-disney-it-s-a-season-on-the-brink-1117903177/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Johnston|first=Lauren|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/disneys-alamo-a-box-office-bomb/|title=Disney's 'Alamo' A Box Office Bomb|work=[[CBS News]]|date=April 12, 2004|access-date=December 21, 2015|archive-date=December 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222213956/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/disneys-alamo-a-box-office-bomb/|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Incredibles]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2004|11|5}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dutka |first=Elaine |date=November 8, 2004 |title=An ''Incredibles'' Debut Of Heroic Proportions |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-nov-08-et-boxoffice8-story.html |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220114142831/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-nov-08-et-boxoffice8-story.html |archive-date=January 14, 2022 |access-date=January 14, 2022 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Pooh's Heffalump Movie]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2005|2|11}} | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Disneytoon Studios | style="background:#F7F436;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Valiant (film)|Valiant]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2005|8|19}}<ref group="rls" name="us">Released by Walt Disney Pictures in North America</ref> | style="text-align:center;"| [[Vanguard Animation]]<ref>Vanguard Animation retains the copyright</ref> and [[Ealing Studios]] | style="background: white;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Chicken Little (2005 film)|Chicken Little]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2005|11|4}} <ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=1935&p=.htm |title=Welcome to the Cluck: ''Chicken Little'', ''Jarhead'' Top Weekend |work=[[Box Office Mojo]] |first=Brandon |last=Gray |access-date=October 22, 2009 |date=November 7, 2005 |archive-date=July 28, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090728203216/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=1935&p=.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Wild]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2006|4|14}} <ref>{{cite web |title=The Wild (2006) - Financial Information |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Wild-The#tab=summary |website=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |access-date=2022-10-30 |archive-date=2022-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030031013/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Wild-The#tab=summary |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"| Walt Disney Pictures,<ref>Disney retains copyright on the film.</ref> [[C.O.R.E. Feature Animation]], Nigel Productions, Hoytyboy Pictures, Sir Zip Productions and [[Beau Flynn#Flynn Picture Company|Contrafilm]] | style="background: white;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Cars (film)|Cars]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2006|6|9}}<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Joshua |last=Rich |title=''Fast & Furious'' shatters box office records |url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/04/05/boxoffice.ew/index.html?section=cnn_latest <!-- republished at CNN.com --> |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=April 5, 2009 |access-date=April 5, 2009 |archive-date=March 25, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325112254/http://www.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/04/05/boxoffice.ew/index.html?section=cnn_latest |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Meet the Robinsons]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2007|3|30}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bombreport.com/yearly-breakdowns/2007-2/meet-the-robinsons/|title=Meet the Robinsons: 60% of the Movie was Redone|access-date=2022-10-18|archive-date=2022-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210234240/https://bombreport.com/yearly-breakdowns/2007-2/meet-the-robinsons/|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Ratatouille (film)|Ratatouille]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2007|6|29}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cieply |first1=Michael |title=It's Not a Sequel, but It Might Seem Like One After the Ads |work=The New York Times |date=April 24, 2007 |access-date=April 11, 2021 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/24/movies/24orig.html |archive-date=October 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009174030/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/24/movies/24orig.html |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Enchanted]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SL}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2007|11|21}}<ref>{{Cite magazine |first=Joshua |last=Rich |title=Audiences Gobbled Up ''Enchanted'' |url=https://ew.com/article/2007/11/27/enchanted-tops-turkey-weekend/ |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=November 25, 2007 |access-date=February 3, 2008 |archive-date=February 18, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080218044825/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20162238,00.html |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, [[Barry Josephson|Josephson Entertainment]], [[Bill Kelly (writer)|Andalasia Productions]] and [[Barry Sonnenfeld|Right Coast Productions]] | style="background:gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[WALL-E]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2008|6|27}}<ref>{{cite news|author=Brooks Barnes|title=Disney and Pixar: The Power of the Prenup|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 1, 2008|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/01/business/media/01pixar.html|access-date=January 12, 2009|archive-date=January 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129133239/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/01/business/media/01pixar.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Bolt (2008 film)|Bolt]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2008|11|21}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/?view=&yr=2008&wknd=47&p=.htm |title=Weekend Box Office Results for November 21–23, 2008 |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=November 23, 2008 |archive-date=December 18, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218221239/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/?view=&yr=2008&wknd=47&p=.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" |''[[Up (2009 film)|Up]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2009|5|29}}<ref name="DisneyFutureSlate2008" /> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[A Christmas Carol (2009 film)|A Christmas Carol]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2009|11|6}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/26/business/media/26carol.html |title=Disney Hopes ''Christmas Carol'' Lives Up to Its Blockbuster Marketing |work=The New York Times |access-date=October 25, 2009 |first=Brooks |last=Barnes |date=October 26, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125154815/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/26/business/media/26carol.html |archive-date=November 25, 2011 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, [[ImageMovers|ImageMovers Digital]]<ref name="Copyrighted to ImageMovers Digital">Copyrighted to ImageMovers Digital</ref><ref group="st" name="IM">The film studio '''ImageMovers Digital''', run by [[Robert Zemeckis]], was owned by Disney from 2007 to 2010. These films were [[Performance capture|Motion capture]] animated films.</ref> | style="background:gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Princess and the Frog]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2009|12|11}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1628177/story.jhtml|title='The Princess And The Frog' Leaps Over The Competition At The Box Office|work=MTV|publisher=[[Viacom (2005–present)|Viacom]]|author=Wigler, Josh|date=December 14, 2009|access-date=January 22, 2010|quote=[...]cost Disney $105 million to produce[...]|archive-date=November 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107204743/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1628177/princess-frog-tops-weekend-box-office.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Toy Story 3]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2010|6|18}}<ref name="DisneyFutureSlate2008">{{Cite web |last1=Hayes |first1=Dade |last2=Fritz |first2=Ben |date=April 8, 2008 |title=Disney unveils animation slate |url=https://variety.com/2008/digital/features/disney-unveils-animation-slate-1117983709/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151225094322/https://variety.com/2008/digital/features/disney-unveils-animation-slate-1117983709/ |archive-date=December 25, 2015 |access-date=December 24, 2022 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Tangled]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2010|11|24}} <ref>{{cite web|title=November 26–28, 2010 Weekend|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/?yr=2010&wknd=48&p=.htm|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 25, 2011|archive-date=June 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614163857/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/?yr=2010&wknd=48&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Overseas Total Box Office|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/intl/weekend/?yr=2010&wk=48&p=.htm|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 25, 2011|archive-date=June 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629091452/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/intl/weekend/?yr=2010&wk=48&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Gnomeo & Juliet]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2011|2|11}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Gnomeo-and-Juliet|title=Gnomeo and Juliet (2011) - Financial Information|website=The Numbers|access-date=2022-10-24|archive-date=2022-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024000018/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Gnomeo-and-Juliet|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131203003704/http://www.screened.com/gnomeo-and-juliet/16-1803/forums/ Screened Forums - Gnomeo and Juliet]</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Touchstone Pictures]],<ref>Released under the label. After Disney sold [[Miramax]] in 2010. Disney also acquired the rights to the film</ref> [[Jam Filled Entertainment|Starz Animation]] and [[Rocket Pictures]]<ref>Copyrighted to Miramax</ref> | style="background:white;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Mars Needs Moms]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2011|3|11}}<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2011/03/13/box-office-report-battle-los-angeles/ |title=Box office report: 'Battle: Los Angeles' conquers all with $36 mil |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=March 13, 2011 |access-date=February 24, 2012 |last=Young |first=John |archive-date=March 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312024424/http://insidemovies.ew.com/2011/03/13/box-office-report-battle-los-angeles/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, ImageMovers Digital<ref name="Copyrighted to ImageMovers Digital"/><ref group="st" name="IM" /> | style="background: gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Cars 2]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2011|6|24}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2011/06/movie-projector-cars-2-expected-to-sputter-to-no-1.html|title=Movie Projector: 'Cars 2' expected to sputter to No. 1 (Updated)|work=Los Angeles Times|last=Fritz|first=Ben|date=June 24, 2011|access-date=June 24, 2011|archive-date=August 26, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826002533/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2011/06/movie-projector-cars-2-expected-to-sputter-to-no-1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Winnie the Pooh (2011 film)|Winnie the Pooh]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2011|7|15}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Winnie the Pooh (2011) - Financial Information|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Winnie-the-Pooh|work=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]]|access-date=May 18, 2016|archive-date=January 8, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108115956/http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Winnie-the-Pooh|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" |''[[Brave (2012 film)|Brave]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2012|6|22}} <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?view2=worldwide&yr=2012&p=.htm|title=2012 Yearly Box Office Results - Box Office Mojo|work=Box Office Mojo|access-date=January 26, 2015|archive-date=April 2, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402034443/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?view2=worldwide&yr=2012&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" |''[[Frankenweenie (2012 film)|Frankenweenie]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2012|10|5}}<ref>{{cite web|first=Russ|last=Fischer|date=August 9, 2010|url=https://www.slashfilm.com/2010/08/09/disney-sets-2012-release-dates-for-john-carter-of-mars-and-frankenweenie/|title=Disney Sets 2012 Release Dates For ''John Carter of Mars'' and ''Frankenweenie''|access-date=August 4, 2011|archive-date=August 18, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818100716/http://www.slashfilm.com/2010/08/09/disney-sets-2012-release-dates-for-john-carter-of-mars-and-frankenweenie/}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, [[Tim Burton Productions]]<ref group="st" name="Skellington Productions" /> | style="background:gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Wreck-It Ralph]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2012|11|2}}<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Finke |first=Nikki |title='Skyfall' Explodes With $515M Worldwide As Biggest Bond With $90M Domestic Opening; Spielberg's 'Lincoln' Huge $900K In 11 Runs |url=https://deadline.com/2012/11/skyfall-opens-with-imax-midnights-as-321m-bond-movie-abroad-arrives-in-u-s-canada-spielbergs-lincoln-platforms-368990/ |magazine=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=November 10, 2012 |access-date=November 2, 2018 |archive-date=November 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111072022/http://www.deadline.com/2012/11/skyfall-opens-with-imax-midnights-as-321m-bond-movie-abroad-arrives-in-u-s-canada-spielbergs-lincoln-platforms/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;| &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Monsters University]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2013|6|21}}<ref name="FilmLA (2013)">{{cite news |title=2013 Feature Film Production Report |year=2014 |publisher=FilmLA |url=http://filmla.com/uploads/2013%20Feature%20Production%20Report%20w%20Release%20030614_1394125127.pdf |page=8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324124605/http://filmla.com/uploads/2013%20Feature%20Production%20Report%20w%20Release%20030614_1394125127.pdf |archive-date=March 24, 2014}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Planes (film)|Planes]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2013|8|9}}<ref name="Box Office Mojo Planes">{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt1691917/?ref_=bo_se_r_1|title=Planes (2013)|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=December 21, 2013|archive-date=June 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628142119/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt1691917/?ref_=bo_se_r_1|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Disneytoon Studios | style="background:#F7F436;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Frozen (2013 film)|Frozen]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2013|11|27}}<ref>{{cite news |last=Smith |first=Grady |title=Box office preview: "Frozen" ready to storm the chart, but it won't beat "Catching Fire" |url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2013/11/27/box-office-preview-frozen-catching-fire/ |access-date=November 29, 2013 |newspaper=Entertainment Weekly |date=November 27, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131128190249/http://insidemovies.ew.com/2013/11/27/box-office-preview-frozen-catching-fire/ |archive-date=November 28, 2013}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Planes: Fire & Rescue]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2014|7|18}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/planes-2-taking-flight-in-bummer-year-for-animated-movies-at-box-office/ |title='Planes 2' Taking Flight in Bummer Year for Animated Movies at Box Office |website=The Wrap |date=July 15, 2014 |access-date=September 4, 2014 |archive-date=August 24, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824124648/https://www.thewrap.com/planes-2-taking-flight-in-bummer-year-for-animated-movies-at-box-office/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Disneytoon Studios | style="background:#F7F436;"| &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Big Hero 6 (film)|Big Hero 6]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2014|11|7}}<ref>{{cite web|date=November 4, 2014|author=Brent Lang|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/box-office-interstellar-big-hero-6-eye-record-breaking-weekend-1201347238|title=Box Office: 'Interstellar,' 'Big Hero 6' Eye Record-Breaking Weekend|work=Variety|access-date=November 5, 2014|archive-date=November 7, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107075130/http://variety.com/2014/film/news/box-office-interstellar-big-hero-6-eye-record-breaking-weekend-1201347238/|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Strange Magic (film)|Strange Magic]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2015|01|23}} <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://screenanarchy.com/2017/01/review-strange-magic-an-underrated-animated-musical-from-lucasfilm-contrib.html|title=Review: Strange Magic, an underrated animated musical from Lucasfilm|date=January 10, 2017|work=ScreenAnarchy|access-date=July 9, 2017|archive-date=July 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704040810/http://screenanarchy.com/2017/01/review-strange-magic-an-underrated-animated-musical-from-lucasfilm-contrib.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Touchstone Pictures]],<ref name="Released under the label"/> [[Lucasfilm Animation]]<ref>Copyright Lucasfilm</ref> | style="background:gray;"| &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Inside Out (2015 film)|Inside Out]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2015|06|19}}<ref name="DeadlineProfitAnalysisFinal">{{Cite web |last=Fleming |first=Mike Jr. |date=March 23, 2016 |title=No. 6 ''Inside Out'' – 2015 Most Valuable Movie Blockbuster Tournament |url=https://deadline.com/2016/03/inside-out-profit-box-office-2015-pixar-disney-1201724894/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326053651/http://deadline.com/2016/03/inside-out-profit-box-office-2015-pixar-disney-1201724894/ |archive-date=March 26, 2016 |access-date=March 24, 2016 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref name="WorldwideOpeningWeekend">{{Cite web |last1=Tartaglione |first1=Nancy |last2=Busch |first2=Anita |date=June 22, 2015 |title=''Jurassic World'' Crossing $1B Global; ''Inside Out'', ''Minions'' Debut Strong – Intl Box Office Final |url=https://deadline.com/2015/06/jurassic-world-nearing-1-billion-dollars-inside-out-minions-opening-international-box-office-1201451164/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626104219/https://deadline.com/2015/06/jurassic-world-nearing-1-billion-dollars-inside-out-minions-opening-international-box-office-1201451164/ |archive-date=June 26, 2015 |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" rowspan="2" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Good Dinosaur]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2015|11|25}}<ref name="Guerrasio">{{cite web|last1=Guerrasio|first1=Jason|date=December 9, 2015|title='Pixar finally has its first box-office bomb|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/pixar-finally-has-its-first-box-office-bomb-2015-12|website=[[Business Insider]]|access-date=November 13, 2016|archive-date=March 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326062016/http://www.businessinsider.com/pixar-finally-has-its-first-box-office-bomb-2015-12|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Brew|first=Simon|url=http://www.denofgeek.us/movies/the-good-dinosaur/252357/the-good-dinosaur-is-pixars-lowest-grossing-movie|title=The Good Dinosaur is Pixar's Lowest Grossing Movie|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401072615/http://www.denofgeek.us/movies/the-good-dinosaur/252357/the-good-dinosaur-is-pixars-lowest-grossing-movie|archive-date=April 1, 2016|website=[[Den of Geek]]|date=January 7, 2016|access-date=March 23, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Kenny|first1=Charles|date=January 26, 2016|title='Pixar's First Flop is Being Quietly Swept Under the Rug|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2016/01/pixars-first-flop-is-being-quietly-swept-under-the-rug-122418/|website=[[IndieWire]]|access-date=November 13, 2016|archive-date=November 14, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114083837/http://www.indiewire.com/2016/01/pixars-first-flop-is-being-quietly-swept-under-the-rug-122418/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Zootopia]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2016|3|4}}<ref name="Deadline20162018">{{cite news|title=Disney Sets Animation Slate To Infinity And Beyond|url=https://deadline.com/2013/05/disney-pixar-animation-movies-release-schedule-509742/|access-date=June 1, 2013|newspaper=Deadline|date=May 29, 2013|archive-date=March 29, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329023112/http://www.deadline.com/2013/05/disney-pixar-animation-movies-release-schedule/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="A113Slate">{{cite news|last=Jardine|first=William|title=Tonnes of New Details Revealed About Disney's Upcoming Slate!|url=http://www.a113animation.com/2013/07/new-details-revealed-about-disneys.html|access-date=July 11, 2013|newspaper=Big Screen Animation|date=July 11, 2013|archive-date=July 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712054307/http://www.a113animation.com/2013/07/new-details-revealed-about-disneys.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Kilday|first=Gregg|title=Pixar vs. Disney Animation: John Lasseter's Tricky Tug-of-War|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/pixar-disney-animation-john-lasseters-661752|access-date=December 4, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=December 4, 2013|archive-date=February 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210005414/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/pixar-disney-animation-john-lasseters-661752|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Finding Dory]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2016|6|17}}<ref name="pushback">{{cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/pixars-good-dinosaur-pushed-back-631722 |title=Pixar's 'The Good Dinosaur' Pushed Back Nearly 18 Months After Losing Director |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter |date=2011-11-17 |access-date=2013-09-19 |archive-date=2013-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921024441/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/pixars-good-dinosaur-pushed-back-631722 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="FN2">{{cite news|last=Kit|first=Borys|title=Andrew Stanton to Direct Pixar's ''Finding Nemo'' Sequel|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/andrew-stanton-pixar-finding-nemo-sequel-350267|access-date=July 17, 2012|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=July 17, 2012|archive-date=November 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112013133/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/andrew-stanton-pixar-finding-nemo-sequel-350267|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;"| &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Moana]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2016|11|23}}<ref name="Deadline20162018" /><ref name="A113Slate" /><ref>{{cite news|last1=Graser|first1=Marc|title=Disney Sails Into Theaters With Animated 'Moana' in 2016|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/disney-sails-into-theaters-with-animated-moana-in-2016-1201334550/|access-date=October 21, 2014|work=Variety|date=October 20, 2014|archive-date=August 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814103317/https://variety.com/2014/film/news/disney-sails-into-theaters-with-animated-moana-in-2016-1201334550/|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Cars 3]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2017|6|16}}<ref name="DeadlineWaspIncredibles2" /><ref>{{cite web|last1=Mendelson|first1=Scott|title=Pixar's 'Cars 3' Review: Lightning (McQueen) Strikes On The Third Lap|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/scottmendelson/2017/06/13/cars-3-review-lightning-mcqueen-strikes-on-the-third-lap/#3653e2981a1f|website=[[Forbes]]|access-date=June 17, 2017|archive-date=June 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613195753/https://www.forbes.com/sites/scottmendelson/2017/06/13/cars-3-review-lightning-mcqueen-strikes-on-the-third-lap/#3653e2981a1f|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3" |Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" rowspan="3" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Coco (2017 film)|Coco]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2017|11|22}}<ref name="disney blog">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.disney.com/insider/2015/08/14/meet-the-newest-disneypixar-marvel-coco/?cmp=SMC|title=meet the newest disney pixar film, coco|publisher=disney|date=2015|access-date=August 14, 2015|archive-date=September 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914132549/http://blogs.disney.com/insider/2015/08/14/meet-the-newest-disneypixar-marvel-coco/?cmp=SMC|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Incredibles 2]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2018|6|15}}<ref name="DeadlineWaspIncredibles2">{{cite web|last1=Hipes|first1=Patrick|title=Disney: 'Ant Man And The Wasp' A Go, 'Incredibles 2' Dated & More|url=https://deadline.com/2015/10/ant-man-sequel-incredibles-2-release-dates-disney-1201570867/|publisher=Deadline|access-date=October 9, 2015|date=October 8, 2015|archive-date=October 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009023533/https://deadline.com/2015/10/ant-man-sequel-incredibles-2-release-dates-disney-1201570867/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Graser|first1=Marc|title=Pixar's 'Toy Story 4′ Set to Play in Theaters in 2017|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/john-lasseter-to-direct-toy-story-4-out-in-2017-1201349848/|access-date=November 7, 2014|work=Variety|date=November 6, 2014|archive-date=November 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111022643/http://variety.com/2014/film/news/john-lasseter-to-direct-toy-story-4-out-in-2017-1201349848/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Ralph Breaks the Internet]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2018|11|21}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2016/03/24/wreck-it-ralph-2-still-happening-might-feature-mario|title=Wreck-It Ralph 2 Still Happening, Might Feature Mario|author=Tilly, Chris|publisher=IGN|date=Mar 24, 2016|access-date=June 18, 2016|archive-date=March 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324120519/https://www.ign.com/articles/2016/03/24/wreck-it-ralph-2-still-happening-might-feature-mario|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Frozen2020" /> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Mary Poppins Returns]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SL}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2018|12|19}}<ref name="THRDec18">{{Cite news |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/how-rob-marshall-returned-disneys-guarded-jewel-big-screen-1166094 |title=Making of 'Mary Poppins Returns': How Rob Marshall returned Disney's "guarded jewel" to the big screen |last=Svetkey |first=Benjamin |date=December 7, 2018 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=December 9, 2018 |df=dmy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209123926/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/how-rob-marshall-returned-disneys-guarded-jewel-big-screen-1166094 |archive-date=December 9, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, [[Rob Marshall|Lucamar Productions]] and [[Marc Platt (producer)|Marc Platt Productions]] | style="background:gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Toy Story 4]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2019|6|21}}<ref name="DeadlineWaspIncredibles2" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/spirited-away-release-crushes-toy-story-4-at-chinese-box-office-1220251|title=China Box Office: 'Toy Story 4' Getting Crushed by Rerelease of Anime Classic 'Spirited Away'|author=Patrick Brzeski|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=June 21, 2019|access-date=June 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621135149/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/spirited-away-release-crushes-toy-story-4-at-chinese-box-office-1220251|archive-date=June 21, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Lion King (2019 film)|The Lion King]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SL}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only--> {{dts|2019|7|19}}<ref name="Hollywood Reporter">{{Cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/behind-screen/lion-king-virtual-production-could-be-a-game-changer-filmmaking-1224990 |title=The Lion King' "Virtual Production" Could Be a Game-Changer for Filmmaking |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |first=Carolyn |last=Giardina |date=July 19, 2019 |access-date=August 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801011135/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/behind-screen/lion-king-virtual-production-could-be-a-game-changer-filmmaking-1224990 |archive-date=August 1, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, [[Jon Favreau|Fairview Entertainment]] | style="background:gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Frozen 2]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2019|11|22}}<ref name="Frozen2020">{{cite web |title=Disney Dates 'Lion King' and 'Frozen 2,' Pushes Fifth 'Indiana Jones' Film to 2020 |author=Lang, Brent |name-list-style=amp |author2=Khatchatourian, Maane |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/lion-king-frozen-2-indiana-jones-5-release-dates-1202395212/ |work=Variety |date=April 25, 2017 |access-date=2017-04-25 |archive-date=2017-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426061400/http://variety.com/2017/film/news/lion-king-frozen-2-indiana-jones-5-release-dates-1202395212/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2018/film/news/frozen-2-release-1203017475/ |title='Frozen 2' Release Date Moves Up a Week |last1=Rubin |first1=Rebecca |date=November 1, 2018 |access-date=November 2, 2018 |work=Variety |archive-date=November 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101220158/https://variety.com/2018/film/news/frozen-2-release-1203017475/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;"| &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Spies in Disguise]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2019|12|25}}<ref>{{cite web|last1=N'Duka|first1=Amanda|title=Will Smith & Tom Holland Topline 'Spies In Disguise' Animated Film|url=https://deadline.com/2017/10/will-smith-tom-holland-spies-in-disguise-animation-film-1202185002/|publisher=Deadline|access-date=March 31, 2018|date=October 9, 2017|archive-date=October 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009235634/https://deadline.com/2017/10/will-smith-tom-holland-spies-in-disguise-animation-film-1202185002/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="VarietyReleaseDates">{{cite news|last1=Lang|first1=Brent|last2=Rubin|first2=Rebecca|title=Disney Announces New 'Star Wars' Films, Moves 'Avatar' Sequels|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/news/disney-avatar-star-wars-marvel-1203207661/|access-date=May 7, 2019|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=May 7, 2019|archive-date=May 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507180739/https://variety.com/2019/film/news/disney-avatar-star-wars-marvel-1203207661/|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | [[20th Century Studios|20th Century Fox]], [[20th Century Animation|20th Century Fox Animation]], [[Blue Sky Studios]] and [[Chernin Entertainment]] | style="background:goldenrod;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Onward (film)|Onward]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2020|3|6}}<ref name="DeadlineWaspIncredibles2" /><ref name="VarietyDec2018">{{cite web|first1=Dave|last1=McNary|access-date=2018-12-12|title=Chris Pratt, Tom Holland, Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Octavia Spencer to Voice Pixar's 'Onward'|url=https://variety.com/2018/film/news/chris-pratt-tom-holland-julia-louis-dreyfus-octavia-spencer-onward-1203088174/|date=12 December 2018|archive-date=2018-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212222451/https://variety.com/2018/film/news/chris-pratt-tom-holland-julia-louis-dreyfus-octavia-spencer-onward-1203088174/|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" |''[[Raya and the Last Dragon]]'' |<!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2021|3|5}}<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Disney shelves planned Jack and the Beanstalk animated re-telling Gigantic|url=https://ew.com/movies/2017/10/10/disney-shelves-gigantic-jack-beanstalk-retelling/|author=Lenker, Maureen Lee|quote=We are focusing our energies on another project that has been in the works, which we'll be sharing more about soon, now set for Thanksgiving 2020."|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|date=October 10, 2017|access-date=2017-10-10|archive-date=2017-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010234606/https://ew.com/movies/2017/10/10/disney-shelves-gigantic-jack-beanstalk-retelling/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Hogarty|first=Joe|date=2019-08-24|title=Disney Announces Upcoming New Animated Movie, "Raya And The Last Dragon" at D23 Expo 2019|work=WDW News Today|url=https://wdwnt.com/2019/08/disney-announces-new-animated-movie-raya-and-the-last-dragon/|access-date=August 24, 2019|archive-date=2019-08-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824175554/https://wdwnt.com/2019/08/disney-announces-new-animated-movie-raya-and-the-last-dragon/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="SoulRaya">{{cite news |last=Fuster |first=Jeremy |date=April 13, 2020 |title=Disney Moves 'Soul,' 'Raya and the Last Dragon' Release Dates |work=[[TheWrap]] |url=https://www.thewrap.com/disney-moves-soul-raya-and-the-last-dragon-release-dates/ |url-status=live |access-date=April 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308135958/https://www.thewrap.com/disney-moves-soul-raya-and-the-last-dragon-release-dates/ |archive-date=March 8, 2021}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Ron's Gone Wrong]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2021|10|22}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://deadline.com/2017/10/channing-tatum-gambit-to-open-valentines-day-2019-release-1202187558/|title='Gambit' Starring Channing Tatum Will Open Valentine's Day 2019|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=2017-10-12|work=Deadline|access-date=October 13, 2017|archive-date=2017-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013061430/https://deadline.com/2017/10/channing-tatum-gambit-to-open-valentines-day-2019-release-1202187558/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="20thDelay">{{cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/bobs-burgers-movie-the-kings-man-get-disney-film-delays|title=Bob's Burgers Movie, The King's Man Get Disney Film Delays|publisher=[[IGN]]|date=January 22, 2021|access-date=January 22, 2021|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122184900/https://www.ign.com/articles/bobs-burgers-movie-the-kings-man-get-disney-film-delays|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | 20th Century Studios, 20th Century Animation, [[TSG Entertainment]], [[Locksmith Animation]] and [[DNEG]] | style="background:goldenrod;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Encanto]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2021|11|24}}<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1337191557670178819|user=DisneyAnimation|title=This Fall, Walt Disney Animation...|date=11 December 2020}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" |''[[The Bob's Burgers Movie]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2022|5|27}}<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hipes|first1=Patrick|title='Bob's Burgers' Movie Ordered Up For 2020|url=https://deadline.com/2017/10/bobs-burgers-movie-release-date-fox-1202181837/|publisher=Deadline|access-date=March 31, 2018|date=October 4, 2017|archive-date=October 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004210528/https://deadline.com/2017/10/bobs-burgers-movie-release-date-fox-1202181837/|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | 20th Century Studios, [[Bento Box Entertainment]] and [[Loren Bouchard|Wilo Productions]] | style="background:gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Lightyear (film)|Lightyear]]'' |<!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2022|6|17}}<ref name="AMMulanTo2020">{{cite news |last1=Milligan |first1=Mercedes |date=March 1, 2018 |title=Disney Pushes Live 'Mulan' to 2020, Dates Multi-Studio Slate |work=Animation Magazine |url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/features/disney-pushes-live-mulan-to-2020-dates-multi-studio-slate/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 5, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525010911/http://www.animationmagazine.net/features/disney-pushes-live-mulan-to-2020-dates-multi-studio-slate/ |archive-date=May 25, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=D'Alessandro |first1=Anthony |title=Pixar Has Buzz Lightyear Origin Movie In Works With Chris Evans & 'Turning Red' From 'Bao' Filmmaker Domee Shi |url=https://deadline.com/2020/12/pixar-has-buzz-lightyear-movie-in-the-works-with-chris-evans-turning-red-from-bao-filmmaker-domee-shi-1234654489/ |access-date=December 10, 2020 |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=December 10, 2020 |archive-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125164218/https://deadline.com/2020/12/pixar-has-buzz-lightyear-movie-in-the-works-with-chris-evans-turning-red-from-bao-filmmaker-domee-shi-1234654489/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Rubin|first1=Rebecca|title=Box Office: Pixar's 'Lightyear' Looks to Blast Off With $70 Million Opening Weekend|access-date=2022-06-15|url=https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/box-office-lightyear-opening-weekend-1235294699/|archive-date=2022-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615151227/https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/box-office-lightyear-opening-weekend-1235294699/|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Strange World (film)|Strange World]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2022|11|23}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wdwnt.com/2022/09/disney-films-to-receive-new-100-years-of-wonder-intro-next-year/ |title=Disney Films to Receive New '100 Years of Wonder' Intro Next Year - WDW News Today |date=September 9, 2022 |access-date=September 21, 2022 |archive-date=September 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171038/https://wdwnt.com/2022/09/disney-films-to-receive-new-100-years-of-wonder-intro-next-year/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="AMMulanTo2020" /><ref name="Hall2022">{{cite news|last1=Fisher|first1=Jacob|title=Don Hall & Qui Nguyen Reteam For Walt Disney Animation's 2022 Film (EXCLUSIVE)|url=https://discussingfilm.net/2021/07/05/don-hall-qui-nguyen-reteam-for-walt-disney-animations-2022-film-exclusive/|access-date=July 11, 2021|work=Discussing Film|date=July 5, 2021|archive-date=July 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711035838/https://discussingfilm.net/2021/07/05/don-hall-qui-nguyen-reteam-for-walt-disney-animations-2022-film-exclusive/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="TitleAnnouncement">{{Cite web |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=December 9, 2021 |title=Disney Unveils Animated Movie 'Strange World' With Thanksgiving 2022 Release Date |url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/disney-strange-world-release-date-1235129812/ |access-date=December 9, 2021 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |archive-date=June 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621040655/https://variety.com/2021/film/news/disney-strange-world-release-date-1235129812/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Parlevliet">{{Cite web |last=Parlevliet |first=Mirko |date=September 9, 2022 |title=Disney Live Action, Pixar and Animation Studios Present Upcoming Slate at D23 Expo |url=https://www.vitalthrills.com/disney-live-action/ |access-date=September 10, 2022 |website=vitalthrills.com }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B; " | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Elemental (2023 movie)|Elemental]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2023|6|16}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=2022-05-16 |title=Pixar Unveils Concept Art & Dates 27th Film 'Elemental' For Summer 2023 |url=https://deadline.com/2022/05/pixar-elemental-release-date-concept-art-1235024683/ |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=Deadline |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516140903/https://deadline.com/2022/05/pixar-elemental-release-date-concept-art-1235024683/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2022/10/pixar-elemental-brenda-hsueh-verve-1235157242/|title=Verve Signs Pixar 'Elemental' Screenwriter Brenda Hsueh|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=October 28, 2022|access-date=November 27, 2022|archive-date=November 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107122906/https://deadline.com/2022/10/pixar-elemental-brenda-hsueh-verve-1235157242/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Anthony |last1=D'Alessandro |access-date=November 15, 2019 |title=Disney Dates A Ton Of Pics Into 2023 & Juggles Fox Releases With Ridley Scott's 'The Last Duel' To Open Christmas 2020, 'The King's Man' Next Fall - Update |url=https://deadline.com/2019/11/disney-fox-release-schedule-the-last-duel-the-kings-man-nimona-1202787773/ |newspaper=Deadline |date=November 15, 2019 |archive-date=January 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116093219/https://deadline.com/2019/11/disney-fox-release-schedule-the-last-duel-the-kings-man-nimona-1202787773/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2019/11/disney-fox-release-schedule-the-last-duel-the-kings-man-nimona|title=Disney Dates a Ton of Pics into 2023 & Juggles Fox Releases with Ridley Scott's 'The Last Duel' to Open Christmas 2020, 'The King's Man' Next Fall – Update|date=November 16, 2019|access-date=November 19, 2019|archive-date=March 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324060228/https://deadline.com/2019/11/disney-fox-release-schedule-the-last-duel-the-kings-man-nimona-1202787773/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Pixar Tweet">{{cite tweet|number=1568387640206172161|user=Pixar|title=🔥and💧come together in this FIRST LOOK at Ember & Wade played by Leah Lewis and Mamoudou Athie, from Disney and Pixar's ''Elemental'', coming to theaters June 16, 2023!|author=Pixar|author-link=Pixar}}</ref> |style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue; " | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Wish (movie)|Wish]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2023|11|22}}<ref name="Wish">{{cite web|date=September 9, 2022|title=Ariana DeBose to Star in Disney Movie 'Wish' From 'Frozen' Team|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/wish-disney-movie-in-the-works-1235216113/|access-date=September 9, 2022|website=The Hollywood Reporter|language=en-US|archive-date=September 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910133002/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/wish-disney-movie-in-the-works-1235216113/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Disney Release Dates Nov19">{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2019/11/disney-fox-release-schedule-the-last-duel-the-kings-man-nimona-1202787773/ |title=Disney Dates A Ton Of Pics Into 2023 & Juggles Fox Releases With Ridley Scott's 'The Last Duel' To Open Christmas 2020, 'The King's Man' Next Fall – Update |date=November 15, 2019 |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |website=Deadline |access-date=November 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116093219/https://deadline.com/2019/11/disney-fox-release-schedule-the-last-duel-the-kings-man-nimona-1202787773/ |archive-date=January 16, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=September 9, 2022 |title=Ariana DeBose to Star in Disney Movie 'Wish' From 'Frozen' Team |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/wish-disney-movie-in-the-works-1235216113/ |website=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=September 9, 2022 |archive-date=September 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910133002/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/wish-disney-movie-in-the-works-1235216113/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Schedule2023">{{cite news|last1=|first1=|date=April 13, 2020|title="WALT DISNEY STUDIOS MOTION PICTURES RELEASE SCHEDULE" (PDF).|work=Walt Disney Studios|url=https://www.waltdisneystudios.com/assets/disney-release-calendar-4.13.20.pdf|access-date=May 3, 2020|archive-date=March 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308210111/https://www.waltdisneystudios.com/assets/disney-release-calendar-4.13.20.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Parlevliet" /> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B; " | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Soul (2020 film)|Soul]]''<sup>‡</sup> |<!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2024|1|12}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Moreau |first=Jordan |date=2023-12-05 |title=Pixar's 'Soul,' 'Turning Red' and 'Luca' Coming to Theaters After Disney+ Debuts During Pandemic |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/news/pixar-soul-turning-red-luca-theaters-1235822031/ |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> | rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | rowspan="4" style="background:blue; " | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Turning Red]]''<sup>‡</sup> | {{dts|2024|2|9}}<ref name=":0"/> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Luca (2021 film)|Luca]]''<sup>‡</sup> | {{dts|2024|3|22}}<ref name=":0"/> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Inside Out 2]]''<ref>{{cite magazine|date=September 9, 2022|title=Oh, Joy! Inside Out 2 on the way with Amy Poehler returning|url=https://ew.com/movies/inside-out-sequel-amy-poehler-announced/|access-date=September 9, 2022|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|language=en-US|archive-date=September 12, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912132055/https://ew.com/movies/inside-out-sequel-amy-poehler-announced/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="IO2ReleaseDate">{{Cite web |last1=Rubin |first1=Rebecca |last2=Vary |first2=Adam B. |date=September 15, 2022 |title=Disney Removes ''Star Wars'' Spinoff ''Rogue Squadron'' From Release Calendar, Sets Dates for ''Snow White'', ''Inside Out 2'' and ''Lion King'' Sequel |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/news/disney-star-wars-spinoff-rogue-squadron-release-snow-white-inside-out-2-lion-king-sequel-1235373972/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915182131/https://variety.com/2022/film/news/disney-star-wars-spinoff-rogue-squadron-release-snow-white-inside-out-2-lion-king-sequel-1235373972/ |archive-date=September 15, 2022 |access-date=September 15, 2022 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> | {{dts|2024|6|14}}<ref>{{cite news|date=September 9, 2022|title='Inside Out' Sequel Plans Confirmed By Pixar At D23|url=https://deadline.com/2022/09/inside-out-sequel-plans-confirmed-by-pixar-at-d23-1235113202/|access-date=September 9, 2022|website=Deadline|language=en-US|archive-date=September 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913003924/https://deadline.com/2022/09/inside-out-sequel-plans-confirmed-by-pixar-at-d23-1235113202/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="DisneyReleaseSchedule2021" /><ref name="IO2Announcement">{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=September 9, 2022 |title=''Inside Out'' Sequel Plans Confirmed By Pixar At D23 |url=https://deadline.com/2022/09/inside-out-sequel-plans-confirmed-by-pixar-at-d23-1235113202/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913003924/https://deadline.com/2022/09/inside-out-sequel-plans-confirmed-by-pixar-at-d23-1235113202/ |archive-date=September 13, 2022 |access-date=September 13, 2022 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref name="Rubin">{{Cite web|last=Rubin|first=Rebecca|title=Disney Removes 'Star Wars' Spinoff 'Rogue Squadron' From Release Calendar, Sets Dates for 'Snow White,' 'Inside Out 2' and 'Lion King' Sequel|url=https://variety.com/2022/film/news/disney-star-wars-spinoff-rogue-squadron-release-snow-white-inside-out-2-lion-king-sequel-1235373972/|access-date=September 15, 2022|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=15 September 2022 |language=en-US|archive-date=September 15, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915182131/https://variety.com/2022/film/news/disney-star-wars-spinoff-rogue-squadron-release-snow-white-inside-out-2-lion-king-sequel-1235373972/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Parlevliet" /> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Moana 2]]''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stephan |first1=Katcy |title='Moana 2' Set at Disney With Surprise 2024 Release Date |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/moana-2-disney-2024-release-date-1235901329/ |website=Variety |access-date=7 February 2024 |date=7 February 2024}}</ref> | {{dts|2024|11|27}}<ref name="DisneyAdds">{{cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/entertainment/disney-adds-a-ton-of-untitled-disney-movies-including-one-this-year/|title=Disney Adds A Ton of 'Untitled Disney' Movies, Including One This Year|last=Trenholm|first=Richard|date=January 20, 2023|access-date=January 20, 2023|archive-date=January 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120222218/https://www.cnet.com/culture/entertainment/disney-adds-a-ton-of-untitled-disney-movies-including-one-this-year/|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B; " | &nbsp; |- !''[[Mufasa: The Lion King]]'' |December 20, 2024 |Walt Disney Pictures, Pastel Productions | |- style="color:black" ! scope="col" style="width:300px;"|Title ! scope="col" style="width:220px;"|Scheduled U.S. theatrical release<!-- Walt Disney Pictures U.S. Theatrical Release Date only--> ! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width:220px;"|Production company<ref group="st" name="WDAS" /> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Elio (film)|Elio]]''<ref>{{cite news|date=September 9, 2022|title='Elio': Pixar Sets New Pic About 11-Year-Old Boy Beamed Into Space; America Ferrera Stars & 'Coco's Adrian Molina Directs|url=https://deadline.com/2022/09/elio-pixar-movie-america-ferrera-yonas-kibreab-adrian-molina-1235113672//|access-date=September 9, 2022|website=Deadline|language=en-US|archive-date=September 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910003229/https://deadline.com/2022/09/elio-pixar-movie-america-ferrera-yonas-kibreab-adrian-molina-1235113672/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first1=Erik |last1=Pedersen |last2=Grobar |first2=Matt |date=2022-09-10 |title='Elio': Pixar Sets New Pic About 11-Year-Old Boy Beamed Into Space; America Ferrera Stars & 'Coco's Adrian Molina Directs |url=https://deadline.com/2022/09/elio-pixar-movie-america-ferrera-yonas-kibreab-adrian-molina-1235113672/ |access-date=2022-09-10 |website=Deadline |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921235514/https://deadline.com/2022/09/elio-pixar-movie-america-ferrera-yonas-kibreab-adrian-molina-1235113672/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | {{dts|2025|6|13}}<ref name="DisneyReleaseSchedule2021">{{cite news |first1=Borys |last1=Kit |access-date=September 11, 2021 |title=Disney's Live-Action 'The Little Mermaid' to Open on Memorial Day Weekend in 2023 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/disneys-live-action-the-little-mermaid-memorial-day-weekend-opening-1235011622/ |newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter |date=September 10, 2021 |archive-date=September 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910214925/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/disneys-live-action-the-little-mermaid-memorial-day-weekend-opening-1235011622/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Parlevliet" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=McClintock |first1=Pamela |title=Disney Delays 'Snow White' and 'Elio' a Year, Removes Jonathan Majors' 'Magazine Dreams' From Calendar |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/disney-delays-snow-white-actor-strike-1235629856/ |access-date=27 October 2023 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=27 October 2023}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |} ‡—Includes theatrical reissue(s). ====Upcoming==== {{See also|List of Walt Disney Animation Studios films#Upcoming films|List of Pixar films#Upcoming|20th Century Animation#Co-productions and original films | label 1=Upcoming Walt Disney Animation Studios films|label 2=Upcoming Pixar Animation Studios films|label 3=Upcoming 20th Century Animation films}} {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+ |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Zootopia 2]]''<ref>{{cite web |last1=D'Alessandro |first1=Anthony |title='Zootopia 2' Lands 2025 Theatrical Release, 'Alien' Movie Gets Title |url=https://deadline.com/2024/02/zootopia-2-release-date-alien-romulus-1235818517/ |website=Deadline |access-date=8 February 2024 |date=7 February 2024}}</ref> | {{dts|2025|11|26}}<ref name="DisneyAdds" /> | style="text-align:center;" | Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B; " | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''Hoppers''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moreau |first=Jordan |date=2024-08-10 |title=Pixar Reveals ‘Hoppers,’ a Beaver Body-Swap Movie Starring Jon Hamm, Bobby Moynihan, Piper Curda |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/hoppers-pixar-jon-hamm-movie-1236102010/ |access-date=2024-08-10 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> | {{dts|2026|3|6}}<ref name="DisneyAdds" /><ref name="HoppersReleaseDate">{{Cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=August 13, 2024 |title=''Frozen 3'' Gets Official Thanksgiving 2027 Release; Pixar's ''Hoppers'' Sets Spring 2026 |url=https://deadline.com/2024/08/frozen-3-release-date-1236039148/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240813174243/https://deadline.com/2024/08/frozen-3-release-date-1236039148/ |archive-date=August 13, 2024 |access-date=August 13, 2024 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''Kung Fu Sock: A Long Way Home'' | {{dts|2026|5|22}} | style="text-align:center;" | 20th Century Studios, 20th Century Animation | style="background:goldenrod;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Toy Story 5]]''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Couch |first1=Aaron |title=Disney Sets ‘Toy Story 5,’ ‘Mandalorian & Grogu’ for 2026, Delays Live-Action ‘Moana’ by a Year |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/disney-sets-toy-story-5-mandalorian-and-grogu-1235867413/ |website=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=5 April 2024 |date=5 April 2024}}</ref> | {{dts|2026|6|19}}<ref name="DisneyAdds" /><ref name="Deadline 2023-02-08">{{Cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=2023-02-08 |title='Frozen', 'Toy Story' & 'Zootopia' Sequels In The Works, Disney CEO Bob Iger Says |url=https://deadline.com/2023/02/frozen-toy-story-zootopia-sequels-in-the-works-bob-iger-disney-earnings-1235253824/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=Deadline |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208235300/https://deadline.com/2023/02/frozen-toy-story-zootopia-sequels-in-the-works-bob-iger-disney-earnings-1235253824/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Libbey |first=Dirk |date=February 7, 2019 |title=Toy Story 5? Here's What Tim Allen Says |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2466578/toy-story-5-heres-what-tim-allen-says |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202083653/https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2466578/toy-story-5-heres-what-tim-allen-says |archive-date=December 2, 2019 |access-date=August 30, 2019 |website=[[CinemaBlend]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bonomolo |first=Cameron |date=May 26, 2019 |title=Pixar Not Ruling Out Toy Story 5 |url=https://comicbook.com/movies/2019/05/26/toy-story-4-end-disney-pixar-not-ruling-out-toy-story-5/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603231638/https://comicbook.com/movies/2019/05/26/toy-story-4-end-disney-pixar-not-ruling-out-toy-story-5/ |archive-date=June 3, 2019 |access-date=June 12, 2019 |website=[[ComicBook.com]]}}</ref><ref name="Comicbook.com">{{Cite web |last=Barnhardt |first=Adam |date=February 7, 2024 |title=Multiple Marvel Movies Missing From Disney CEO's Theatrical Schedule |url=https://comicbook.com/movies/news/blade-thunderbolts-missing-bob-iger-marvel-release-slate-earnings-call/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207223223/https://comicbook.com/movies/news/blade-thunderbolts-missing-bob-iger-marvel-release-slate-earnings-call/ |archive-date=February 7, 2024 |access-date=February 7, 2024 |website=[[ComicBook.com]]}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | Untitled Walt Disney Animation Studios film | {{dts|2026|7|17}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | rowspan="2" style="background:#F3632B; " | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | Untitled Walt Disney Animation Studios film | {{dts|2026|11|25}}<ref name="DisneyAdds" /> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Ice Age 6]]'' | {{dts|2026|12|18}}<ref name="D23">{{cite news |last1=Lang |first1=Brent |title=‘Ice Age 6’ in the Works With Ray Romano, John Leguizamo, Denis Leary, Queen Latifah Returning |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/ice-age-6-ray-romano-john-leguizamo-denis-leary-queen-latifah-returning-1236205131/ |access-date=8 November 2024 |work=Variety |date=8 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Stephan |first1=Katcy |title=Disney Removes ‘Star Wars’ Movie From 2026 Slate, Replaced by ‘Ice Age 6’ |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/star-wars-removed-2026-ice-age-6-1236211852/ |website=Variety |access-date=15 November 2024 |date=15 November 2024}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | 20th Century Studios, 20th Century Animation | style="background:goldenrod;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | Untitled Pixar film | {{dts|2027|6|18}}<ref name="D'Alessandro2">{{Cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=2024-08-02 |title=Marvel Studios 2026 Title Subtracted From Release Sked, Searchlight's 'A Real Pain' Shifts |url=https://deadline.com/2024/08/marvel-studios-movie-release-blade-date-change-1236030294/ |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |language=en}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Frozen 3]]'' | {{dts|2027|11|24}}<ref name="D'Alessandro2"/><ref name="Deadline 2023-02-08"/><ref>{{Cite web|last=O'Rourke|first=Ryan|date=2023-02-08|title='Frozen 3' Announced at Disney|url=https://collider.com/frozen-3-disney/ |website=Collider |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Comicbook.com" /><ref name="HoppersReleaseDate" /> | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | rowspan="2" style="background:#F3632B; " | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | [[Frozen 4|Untitled fourth ''Frozen'' film]] | TBA<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=November 16, 2023 |title=''Frozen 4'' in the Works at Disney, Bob Iger Reveals |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/news/frozen-4-confirmed-disney-bob-iger-1235792515/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116193813/https://variety.com/2023/film/news/frozen-4-confirmed-disney-bob-iger-1235792515/ |archive-date=November 16, 2023 |access-date=November 16, 2023 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Incredibles 2#Sequel|Incredibles 3]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=August 9, 2024 |title=''Incredibles 3'' Announced At D23, Brad Bird Returning To Direct |url=https://deadline.com/2024/08/incredibles-3-brad-bird-1236036445/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810030304/https://deadline.com/2024/08/incredibles-3-brad-bird-1236036445/ |archive-date=August 10, 2024 |access-date=October 29, 2024 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> | TBA | style="text-align:center;" | Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |} === US produced films distributed by Miramax === {{See also|Miramax}}<!--Please note that although unlike the first list, this list is for films produced primarily by a studio other than Disney; films in this list should still have Disney involved in them.--> The following is a list of films that were released by [[Miramax|Miramax Films]] when the studio was a subsidiary of Disney at the time of release. Neither of these films is officially recognized as Disney films, as they were from pre-existing distribution deals before Disney's acquisition of Miramax, and Disney sold Miramax to [[Filmyard Holdings]] in 2010.<ref name="d23.com"/> {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="width:51em" |- ! style="width:15em" | Film ! style="width:15em" | Date of original U.S. release ! style="width:15em" | Produced by ! style="width:3em" | Notes |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Tom and Jerry: The Movie]]'' | {{dts|1993|7|30}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|1992|10|01}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | [[Turner Entertainment]], [[Warner Music Group|WMG Film]], [[Wang Film Productions]] and [[Film Roman]] || |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Thief and the Cobbler]]'' (''Arabian Knight'') | {{dts|1995|8|25}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|1993|09|23}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | [[Richard Williams (animator)|Richard Williams Productions]], [[The Thief and the Cobbler|Fred Calvert Productions]] and Allied Filmmakers|| |- |} ===US produced / International releases only=== The following films were only released direct-to-video within the US. While they were given a theatrical billboard internationally, these films are not recognized by Disney's [[D23 (Disney)|D23]] as theatrical films because of a lack of US theatrical releases.<ref name="d23.com"/> {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+ |- style="color:black" ! scope="col" style="width:295px;"|Title ! scope="col" style="width:195px;"|Original theatrical release date ! colspan="2" scope="col" style="padding:0 8px; width:210px;"|Animation studio<ref group="st" name="WDAS" /> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Bambi II]]'' | {{dts|2006|1|26}} {{small|(Argentina)}} | style="text-align:center; "rowspan="4" | DisneyToon Studios | style="background:#F7F436;" rowspan="4"| &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Tinker Bell (film)|Tinker Bell]]'' | {{dts|2008|9|11}} {{small|(Argentina)}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Tinker Bell and the Lost Treasure]]'' | {{dts|2009|9|3}} {{small|(Argentina)}}<ref group="rls" name="worldwide">Also released by Disney outside North America</ref><ref group="rls" name="worldwideUS">Also released by Disney in North America</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Tinker Bell and the Great Fairy Rescue]]'' | {{dts|2010|9|23}} {{small|(Argentina)}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Phineas and Ferb the Movie: Across the 2nd Dimension]]'' | {{dts|2011|8|31}} {{small|(Spain)}} | style="text-align:center;"| Walt Disney Television Animation | style="background:purple;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Secret of the Wings]]'' | {{dts|2012|8|23}} {{small|(Argentina)}}<ref group="rls" name="worldwideUS">Also released by Disney in North America</ref> | style="text-align:center; "rowspan="3" | DisneyToon Studios | style="background:#F7F436;" rowspan="3"| &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Pirate Fairy]]'' | {{dts|2014|2|27}} {{small|(Argentina)}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Tinker Bell and the Legend of the NeverBeast]]'' | {{dts|2015|2|12}} {{small|(Argentina)}} |- |} === International productions / US releases === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+ |- style="color:black" ! scope="col" style="width:295px;"|Title ! scope="col" style="width:195px;"|Original U.S. theatrical release date<ref group="rls">Listed are the original theatrical release dates in the United States (or other non-U.S. territories) when the film was contributed by the Walt Disney Company. Different distributors are attributed and credited for distributing each film throughout the history of the Walt Disney Company. Films released before 1954 were released by [[RKO Radio Pictures]] (with the exception of ''[[Victory Through Air Power (film)|Victory Through Air Power]]'', refused. by RKO and then released by [[United Artists]]); films released after 1955 were released by Disney-owned [[Buena Vista Distribution]] and through its current name [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (since 2007); and films released after 1985 are co-credited with [[Walt Disney Pictures]].</ref><!-- U.S. Theatrical Release Date only--> ! colspan="2" scope="col" style="padding:0 8px; width:210px;"|Animation studio<ref group="st" name="WDAS" /> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Spirited Away]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} | <!-- U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2002|9|20}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|2001|7|20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Pineda|first1=Rafael Antonio|title=Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba Film Is 1st Since Spirited Away to Earn 30 Billion Yen|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-12-13/demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-film-is-1st-since-spirited-away-to-earn-30-billion-yen/.167411|access-date=15 December 2020|work=[[Anime News Network]]|date=13 December 2020 |archive-date=15 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215060726/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-12-13/demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-film-is-1st-since-spirited-away-to-earn-30-billion-yen/.167411 |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"| [[Studio Ghibli]] | style="background:white;" rowspan="8" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Howl's Moving Castle (film)|Howl's Moving Castle]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} | <!-- U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2005|6|10}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|2004|11|20}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Ponyo]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} |<!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2009|8|14}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|2008|7|19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jMHO-3HqYRcOGOQM_zvYhipP2F1w |publisher=AFP |title=Animator Miyazaki's new film hits screens in Japan |access-date=July 19, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080801094304/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jMHO-3HqYRcOGOQM_zvYhipP2F1w |archive-date=August 1, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/features/arts/20080718TDY16001.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120530180710/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/features/arts/20080718TDY16001.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 30, 2012 |title='Ponyo' a taste of magic |publisher=Daily Yomiuri Online |access-date=July 19, 2008}}</ref><!--This dead link can not be retrieved/replaced by using Wayback Internet Archive--><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.varietyjapan.com/news/movie_dom/2k1u7d0000066m7o.html |publisher=Variety Japan |title=『崖の上のポニョ』"千尋超え"目指し順風な船出 |access-date=July 21, 2008 |archive-date=September 7, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907074627/http://www.varietyjapan.com/news/movie_dom/2k1u7d0000066m7o.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Variety Asia">{{cite web |title="Ponyo" opening leaves room for debate |url=http://www.varietyasiaonline.com/content/view/6515/1/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726003800/http://www.varietyasiaonline.com/content/view/6515/1/ |archive-date=July 26, 2008 |access-date=July 22, 2008 |publisher=Variety Asia}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Tales from Earthsea (film)|Tales from Earthsea]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2010|8|13}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|2006|7|29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=歴代興収ベスト100|trans-title=All-time box office top 100|website=CINEMAランキング通信|publisher=[[:ja:興行通信社|Kogyo Tsushinsha]]|url=http://www.kogyotsushin.com/archives/alltime/|language=ja|access-date=29 November 2020|archive-date=9 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709055959/http://www.kogyotsushin.com/archives/alltime/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Loo|first=Egan|title=Spirited Away, 3 Other Ghibli Films' Box Office Totals Rose Due to This Year's Revival Screenings|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-12-15/spirited-away-3-other-ghibli-films-box-office-totals-rose-due-to-this-year-revival-screenings/.167459|access-date=22 December 2020|work=[[Anime News Network]]|date=15 December 2020|archive-date=27 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727062431/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-12-15/spirited-away-3-other-ghibli-films-box-office-totals-rose-due-to-this-year-revival-screenings/.167459|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"| Studio Ghibli<ref group="st" name="Touchstone">Released under the [[Touchstone Pictures]] label.</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Arrietty|The Secret World of Arrietty]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} | <!-- U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2012|2|17}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|2010|7|17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=借りぐらしのアリエッティ on moviewalker |url=http://movie.walkerplus.com/mv45931 |work=moviewalker |access-date=September 1, 2010 |language=ja |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100906012930/http://movie.walkerplus.com/mv45931/ |archive-date=September 6, 2010 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=志田未来、アリエッティのような赤ワンピースで笑顔！ 鈴木Pは『ポニョ』超え狙う |url=http://www.cinemacafe.net/news/cgi/report/2010/07/8693/ |publisher=cinemacafe |date=17 July 2010 |access-date=September 4, 2011 |language=ja |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320075009/http://www.cinemacafe.net/news/cgi/report/2010/07/8693/ |archive-date=March 20, 2012}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"| Studio Ghibli |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Wind Rises]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} | <!-- U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2014|2|21}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|2013|7|20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmbiz.asia/news/the-wind-rises-tops-2013-japan-bo|title=The Wind Rises tops 2013 Japan B.O.|author=Kevin Ma|date=1 January 2014|access-date=5 January 2014|work=[[Film Business Asia]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191843/http://www.filmbiz.asia/news/the-wind-rises-tops-2013-japan-bo|archive-date=2 January 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"| Studio Ghibli<ref group="st" name="Touchstone" /> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Secret of the Magic Gourd (2007 film)|The Secret of the Magic Gourd]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SL}} | {{dts|2007|6|29}} {{small|(China)}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[Centro Digital Pictures Limited]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Roadside Romeo]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} | {{dts|2008|10|24}} {{small|(India)}}<ref group="rls" name="worldwide">Also released by Disney outside North America</ref><ref group="rls" name="worldwideUS">Also released by Disney in North America</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | [[Yash Raj Films]]<ref group="st" name="India">Co-production with [[The Walt Disney Company India Pvt. Ltd.]]</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Arjun: The Warrior Prince]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} | {{dts|2012|5|25}} {{small|(India)}}<ref group="rls" name="worldwide" /><ref group="rls" name="worldwideUS">Also released by Disney in North America</ref> | style="text-align:center;"| [[UTV Motion Pictures]]<ref group="st" name="India" /> | style="background:gray;"| &nbsp; |- |} === International films distributed by Miramax === {{See also|Miramax}}<!--Please note that although unlike the first list, this list is for films produced primarily by a studio other than Disney; films in this list should still have Disney involved in them.--> The following is a list of films that were released by [[Miramax|Miramax Films]] when the studio was a subsidiary of Disney at the time of release. None of these films are officially recognized as Disney films due to Disney's sale of Miramax to Filmyard Holdings in 2010.<ref name="d23.com"/> {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="width:51em" |- ! style="width:15em" | Film ! style="width:15em" | Date of original U.S. release ! style="width:15em" | Produced by ! style="width:3em" | Notes |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Princess Mononoke]]'' | {{dts|1999|10|29}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|1997|07|12}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | Studio Ghibli and [[Tokuma Shoten]] ||<ref group="note" name="us">Released by Disney in North America</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Pokémon 4Ever]]'' | {{dts|2002|10|11}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|2001|07|07}}</ref> | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[The Pokémon Company]], [[Shogakukan]], [[OLM, Inc.]] and Toho Co., Ltd. ||<ref group="note" name="us" /> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Pokémon Heroes]]'' | {{dts|2003|5|16}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|2002|07|13}}</ref> | <ref group="note" name="us" /><ref group="note" name="aus-uk">Released by Disney in Australia and United Kingdom</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Renaissance (2006 film)|Paris 2054: Renaissance]]'' | {{dts|2006|9|22}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|2006|03|15}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | [[Method Animation|Onyx Films]], [[Millimages]], [[LuxAnimation]], [[Christian Volckman|Timefirm Limited]] and [[France 2|France 2 Cinéma]] ||<ref group="note" name="us" /> |} ==Highest-grossing films== :{{legend|#b6fcb6|''Background shading indicates films playing in the week commencing {{Days before now|0}} in theaters around the world''.|text={{†|alt=film currently playing}}}}<!-- Please do not remove this, or else the highlighting in the table becomes unintelligible. The date is set to update every Friday according to UTC time. --> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Rank !! Film !! Worldwide gross !! Studio !! Year !! Ref. |- ! 1 | style="background:#b6fcb6;" | ''[[Inside Out 2]]'' {{†|alt=film currently playing}} || $1,690,701,370 || [[Pixar]] || 2024 || <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Inside-Out-2-(2024) | title=Inside Out 2 (2024) | website=The Numbers | access-date=2024-07-03 | archive-date=2024-07-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240702211809/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Inside-Out-2-(2024)#tab=summary | url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Inside Out 2|work=Box Office Mojo|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt22022452/?ref_=bo_se_r_1|access-date=June 14, 2024}}</ref> |- ! 2 | ''[[The Lion King (2019 film)|The Lion King]]'' || $1,656,943,394 ||[[Fairview Entertainment]] || rowspan="2" scope="row" ! | 2019 || <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3321923073/ | title=The Lion King (2019) - Box Office Mojo | access-date=2019-11-22 | archive-date=2019-10-14 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014032519/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=lionkingliveaction.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! 3 | ''[[Frozen 2]]''|| $1,450,026,933 || rowspan="2" scope="row" ! | [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]] || <ref> {{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=untitleddisneyanimation3d.htm|title=Frozen II (2019)|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=January 19, 2021|archive-date=July 8, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708074921/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=untitleddisneyanimation3d.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Frozen-II-(2019)|title=Frozen II (2019)|website=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]]|access-date=February 15, 2020|archive-date=December 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230202125/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Frozen-II-(2019)|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! 4 | ''[[Frozen (2013 film)|Frozen]]''|| $1,290,000,000 || 2013 || | <ref>{{cite web |title= Frozen (2013) "-" Box Office Mojo by IMDbPro |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt2294629/ |website=boxofficemojo.com |publisher=Box Office Mojo |access-date=3 December 2023}}</ref><ref name="frozen">''Frozen'' *{{cite web |title=Frozen (2013) – International Box Office Results |work=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=frozen2013.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809232736/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=frozen2013.htm |archive-date=August 9, 2014 |quote=Worldwide – $1,282,147,791 (total as of August 8, 2014; including Japanese gross up to August 3, Spain gross up to July 27 and omitting Nigerian gross) }} *{{cite web |title=Frozen (2013) – International Box Office Results: Japan |work=Box Office Mojo |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=JP&id=frozen2013.htm |access-date=September 3, 2014 |archive-date=September 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915121752/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=JP&id=frozen2013.htm |url-status=live }} ::Total as of August 3, 2014: $247,650,477 ::Total as of August 31, 2014: $249,036,646 *{{cite web |title=Frozen (2013) – International Box Office Results: Spain |work=Box Office Mojo |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=ES&id=frozen2013.htm |access-date=November 6, 2014 |archive-date=October 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019235513/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=ES&id=frozen2013.htm |url-status=live }} ::Total as of July 27, 2014: $21,668,593 ::Total as of November 2, 2014: $22,492,845 *{{cite web |title=Frozen (2013) – International Box Office Results: Nigeria |work=Box Office Mojo |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=NG&id=frozen2013.htm |access-date=September 3, 2014 |archive-date=September 5, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905095356/http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=NG&id=frozen2013.htm |url-status=live }} ::Total as of August 17, 2014: $167,333 *{{cite web |title=Frozen (2013) – International Box Office Results: United Kingdom |work=Box Office Mojo |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=UK&id=frozen2013.htm |access-date=January 24, 2015 |archive-date=October 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019235442/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=UK&id=frozen2013.htm |url-status=live }} ::Total as of June 8, 2014: £39,090,985 ::Total as of November 30, 2014: £40,960,083 ($1 = £0.63866) ::Total as of December 7, 2014: £41,087,765 ($1 = £0.64136) ::Total as of December 14, 2014: £41,170,608 ($1 = £0.636) ::Total as of November 26, 2017: £42,840,559 ($1 = £0.7497) ::Total as of December 3, 2017: £42,976,318 ($1 = £0.742) *{{cite web |title=Frozen (2013) – International Box Office Results: Germany |work=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=DE&id=frozen2013.htm |access-date=March 30, 2016 |archive-date=March 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322011348/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=DE&id=frozen2013.htm |url-status=live }} ::Total as of March 30, 2014: €35,098,170 ::Total as of October 18, 2015: €42,526,744 :::nb. the exact euro to dollar conversion rate is unknown for earnings since April 2014, but the euro never fell below parity with the dollar during 2014 and 2015 (as can be verified by comparing the exchange rate on the individual date entries at the provided reference) so an approximate conversion rate of €1:$1 is used here to give a lower-bound. </ref> |- ! 5 | ''[[Incredibles 2]]''|| $1,242,805,968 || rowspan="4" scope="row" ! | [[Pixar]] || 2018 || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=theincredibles2.htm|title=Incredibles 2 (2018) - Box Office Mojo|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=2019-03-26|archive-date=2017-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812091644/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=theincredibles2.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! 6 | ''[[Toy Story 4]]''|| $1,073,394,593 || 2019 || <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3798500865/ | title=Toy Story 4 |website=Box Office Mojo | access-date=2019-11-22 | archive-date=2019-12-14 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214124143/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3798500865/ | url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! 7 | ''[[Toy Story 3]]''|| $1,066,969,703 || 2010 || <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=toystory3.htm | title=Toy Story 3 (2010) |website=Box Office Mojo | access-date=2019-03-23 | archive-date=2016-08-21 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821162246/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=toystory3.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! 8 | ''[[Finding Dory]]''|| $1,028,570,889 || rowspan="2" scope="row" ! | 2016 || <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=pixar2015.htm | title=Finding Dory (2019) |website=Box Office Mojo | access-date=2019-03-23 | archive-date=2017-04-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425213321/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=pixar2015.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! 9 | ''[[Zootopia]]''|| $1,023,784,195 || rowspan="2" scope="row" ! | [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]]||<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=disney2016.htm | title=Zootopia (2016) |website=Box Office Mojo | access-date=2019-03-23 | archive-date=2017-05-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528042942/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=disney2016.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! 10 | ''[[The Lion King]]'' || $978,996,133 || 1994 || <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=lionking.htm | title=The Lion King (1994) |website=Box Office Mojo | access-date=2019-03-23 | archive-date=2009-05-17 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090517125117/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=lionking.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> |} ==Related pages== * [[Pixar]] * [[List of Disney characters]] == References == {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==References== {{Reflist|group=note}} {{reflist|group=group=}} '''Release Notes''' {{notelist}} {{Reflist|group=rls}} '''Studio/Production Notes''' {{Reflist|group=st|refs= <ref group="st" name="WDAS">Animated films that are listed as produced by '''Walt Disney''' were either entirely produced prior to 1986 as part of the animation department of [[The Walt Disney Company|Walt Disney Productions]] or by the restructured studio unit '''Walt Disney Feature Animation''', known after 2006 as '''[[Walt Disney Animation Studios]]'''. Some films may have been animated at various [[Animation studios owned by The Walt Disney Company|satellite animation studios]] as well. {{cite web|title=Walt Disney Animated Films - History|url=http://www.disneyanimation.com/studio/history|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130121160130/http://www.disneyanimation.com/studio/history|archive-date=2013-01-21|publisher=Walt Disney Animation Studios}}</ref> }} '''Studio Ghibli films original release dates''' {{Reflist|group=sg}} == Other websites == * [https://archive.today/20130121160130/http://www.disneyanimation.com/studio/history Walt Disney Animation Studios History] * {{bcdb |Walt_Disney_Studios/Feature_Films/ |Walt Disney Studios: Feature Films }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Disney animated movies}} [[Category:Lists of movies]] [[Category:Disney animated movies|*]] [[Category:Disney-related lists|*]] dxgx184zrgnn87inuhh8g6dvg814lab 10368021 10368018 2025-07-02T17:56:40Z NewAnimationMan 1014857 10368021 wikitext text/x-wiki Below is a list of [[animation|animated]] [[movie]]s from [[Walt Disney Pictures]]/[[The Walt Disney Company]]. For a list of [[live-action]] movies from the company, see [[List of Disney movies]]. The following is a list of movies which are said to be produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios (formerly Walt Disney Productions, between 1937 and 1985 and Walt Disney Feature Animation between 1986 and 2006). They are also known as the Disney Canon. The canon includes animated movies that were or are being [[production|produced]] entirely by Walt Disney Animation Studios. Movies which are not part of the canon are movies which include both animation and [[live-action]], [[spin-off]]s from Disney [[television programme|television programs]], the direct-to-video movies produced by the [[DisneyToon Studios|DisneyToons]] [[studio]] in [[Australia]] (some of which received [[movie theater|theatrical]] releases), or the [[Pixar]] movies (which Disney "presents" but does not produce). ==Films== <!--- Please don't add colors for Studio Ghibli films, as it's a third-party studio and Disney has never owned more than 10% in the company. Please don't re-add the Academy Award Review of Walt Disney Cartoons its a compilation film, with no original bridge animation. ---> {| class="wikitable" |+ Color legend |- |Walt Disney Productions (1937–1985)<br />Walt Disney Feature Animation (1986–2006)<br />[[Walt Disney Animation Studios]] (2007–present) | style="background:#F3632B; " | &nbsp; |- |[[Pixar|Pixar Animation Studios]] (1995–present) | style="background:blue; " | &nbsp; |- |20th Century Fox Animation (2019–2020)<br>[[20th Century Animation]] (2020–present) | style="background:goldenrod; " | &nbsp; |- |Disney MovieToons (1990–2002)<br />[[Disneytoon Studios]] (2003–2014) | style="background:#F7F436; " | &nbsp; |- |[[Disney Television Animation|Walt Disney Television Animation]] (1999–2004) | style="background:purple; " | &nbsp; |- |Other Disney studio | style="background:gray; " | &nbsp; |- |Third-party studio | style="background:white; " | &nbsp; |- ! colspan="2" | |- |[[List of films with live action and animation|Live-action/animation]] hybrid sold as animation |{{note label|ALiveAction|SA}} |- |- |[[List of films with live action and animation|Live-action/animation]] hybrid sold as live-action |{{note label|LiveAction|SL}} |- |[[List of films with live action and animation|Live-action/animation]] hybrid sold as Documentary |{{note label|LiveAction|SD}} |- |Distribution only |{{note label|NotProduced|D}} |} === US releases / US produced === ====Released ==== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+ |- style="color:black" ! scope="col" style="width:295px;"|Title ! scope="col" style="width:195px;"|Original U.S. theatrical release date<ref group="rls">Listed are the original theatrical release dates in the United States (or other non-U.S. territories) when the film was contributed by the Walt Disney Company. Different distributors are attributed and credited for distributing each film throughout the history of the Walt Disney Company. Films released before 1954 were released by [[RKO Radio Pictures]] (with the exception of ''[[Victory Through Air Power (film)|Victory Through Air Power]]'', refused by RKO and then released by [[United Artists]]); films released after 1955 were released by Disney-owned [[Buena Vista Distribution]] and through its current name [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (since 2007); and films released after 1985 are co-credited with [[Walt Disney Pictures]].</ref><!-- U.S. Theatrical Release Date only--> ! colspan="2" scope="col" style="padding:0 8px; width:210px;"|Site<ref group="st" name="WDAS" /> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only--> {{dts|1937|12|21}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_lifetime_gross_adjusted/ |title=Top Lifetime Adjusted Grosses |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-date=February 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225230917/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_lifetime_gross_adjusted/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Highest-grossing animation at the domestic box office (inflation-adjusted) |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/highest-box-office-film-gross-for-an-animation-inflation-adjusted |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=Guinness World Records |language=en-gb |archive-date=March 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306230504/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/highest-box-office-film-gross-for-an-animation-inflation-adjusted |url-status=live}}</ref> | rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Productions]] and [[RKO Radio Pictures]]<ref name="distributor only">distributor only</ref> | rowspan="33" style="background:#F3632B;" | |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Pinocchio (1940 film)|Pinocchio]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only--> {{dts|1940|2|7}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Nugent|first=Frank S.|date=February 8, 1940|title=The Screen in Review; 'Pinocchio,' Walt Disney's Long-Awaited Successor to 'Snow White,' Has Its Premiere at the Center Theatre|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1940/02/08/archives/the-screen-in-review-pinocchio-walt-disneys-longawaited-successor.html|access-date=February 25, 2014|archive-date=October 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025110233/https://www.nytimes.com/1940/02/08/archives/the-screen-in-review-pinocchio-walt-disneys-longawaited-successor.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Fantasia (movie)|Fantasia]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only--> {{dts|1940|11|13}}<ref group="rls">Originally distributed by Walt Disney Productions. Original RKO date of release was {{dts|January 29, 1941|}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Box Office Mojo |id=0032455 |title=Fantasia |access-date=January 10, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite The Numbers |id=Fantasia |title=Fantasia |access-date=January 10, 2022}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Reluctant Dragon (movie)|The Reluctant Dragon]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1941|6|20}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Richard B. Jewell's RKO film grosses, 1929–51: The C. J. Trevlin Ledger: A comment. |publisher=Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, Volume 14, Issue 1, 1994.}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Dumbo]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1941|10|23}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Dumbo|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=dumbo.htm|access-date=January 5, 2012|archive-date=December 9, 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121209111153/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=dumbo.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Bambi]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1942|8|13}}<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://archive.org/stream/variety149-1943-01#page/n57/mode/1up|title=101 Pix Gross in Millions|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=January 6, 1943|page=58|via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Saludos Amigos]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1942|8|24}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Richard B. Jewell's RKO film grosses, 1929–51: The C. J. Trevlin Ledger: A comment. |publisher=Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, Volume 14, Issue 1, 1994.}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Victory Through Air Power (film)|Victory Through Air Power]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SD}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1943|7|17}}<ref>Markstein, Don. [http://www.toonopedia.com/airpower.htm "Victory Through Air Power."] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120917105031/http://www.toonopedia.com/airpower.htm |date=2012-09-17}} ''toonopedia.com'', Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Retrieved: May 12, 2009.</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Productions]] and [[United Artists]]<ref name="distributor only"/> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Three Caballeros]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1944|12|21}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Richard B. Jewell's RKO film grosses, 1929–51: The C. J. Trevlin Ledger: A comment. |publisher=Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, Volume 14, Issue 1, 1994.}}</ref> | rowspan="10" style="text-align:center;" | [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Productions]] and [[RKO Radio Pictures]]<ref name="distributor only"/> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Make Mine Music]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1946|4|20}}<ref>{{cite journal |title=Richard B. Jewell's RKO film grosses, 1929–51: The C. J. Trevlin Ledger: A comment.|journal=Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television|volume=14 |issue=1 |year=1994}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Song of the South]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SL}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1946|11|20}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Song-of-the-South#tab=summary|title=Song of the South (1946)|website=The Numbers|access-date=September 19, 2019|archive-date=June 12, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612092653/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Song-of-the-South#tab=summary|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Fun and Fancy Free]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1947|9|27}}<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sedgwick|first=John|title=Richard B. Jewell's RKO Film Grosses, 1929–51: The C. J. Trevlin Ledger: A comment.|journal=Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television|volume=14|issue=1|pages=51–8|year=1994|doi=10.1080/01439689400260041}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Melody Time]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1948|5|27}}<ref>{{cite web|work=Variety|title=109 Million Techni Sked|url=https://archive.org/stream/variety169-1948-02#page/n133/mode/1up|page=14|date=February 18, 1948}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[So Dear to My Heart]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SL}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1948|11|29}}<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://archive.org/stream/variety169-1948-02#page/n126/mode/1up |title=109-Million Investment by H'Wood in Current Technicolor Features |magazine=Variety |date=February 18, 1948 |page=7}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Richard B. Jewell's RKO film grosses, 1929–51: The C. J. Trevlin Ledger: A comment. |publisher=Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, Volume 14, Issue 1, 1994. Domestic earnings $2.2 million; Foreign earnings $575,000}}</ref><ref name="1964reissue">"Big Rental Pictures of 1964", ''Variety'', January 6, 1965, p. 39. 1964 revenue anticipation: $1.5 million</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1949|10|5}}<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sedgwick|first=John|title=Richard B. Jewell's RKO Film Grosses, 1929–51: The C. J. Trevlin Ledger: A comment.|journal=Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television|volume=14|issue=1|pages=51–8|year=1994|doi=10.1080/01439689400260041}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Cinderella (1950 film)|Cinderella]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1950|2|15}}<ref>{{cite magazine |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |title=Cartoon Coffers – Top-Grossing Disney Animated Features at the Worldwide B.O. |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Tooned+in%3A+Disney%27s+ani+classics+set+the+bar+and+lit+the+way+for...-a0110473946 |date=October 27, 2003 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |page=6 |access-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-date=November 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104215642/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Tooned+in%3a+Disney%27s+ani+classics+set+the+bar+and+lit+the+way+for...-a0110473946 |url-status=live |via=TheFreeLibrary.com}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Alice in Wonderland (1951 film)|Alice in Wonderland]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1951|7|28}}<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The Top Box Office Hits of 1951|url=https://archive.org/stream/variety185-1952-01#page/n69/mode/2up/|magazine=Variety|page=70|date=January 2, 1952|access-date=June 25, 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Peter Pan (1953 film)|Peter Pan]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1953|2|5}}<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|page=1|last=Tusher|first=William|title=Disney's Evergreen Gold Mine|date=September 4, 1969}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Lady and the Tramp]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1955|6|22}}<ref>{{cite news|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|title=Disney Animated Features at the Worldwide Box Office|date=October 27, 2003}}</ref> | rowspan="13" style="text-align:center;" | [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Productions]] and [[Buena Vista Film Distribution]]<ref>distributor label founded by Walt Disney</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Sleeping Beauty (1959 film)|Sleeping Beauty]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1959|1|29}}<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://archive.org/details/variety221-1961-01/page/n47 |title=All-Time Top Grossers |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |page=49 |via=[[Internet Archive]] |date=January 4, 1961 |access-date=October 3, 2019}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[One Hundred and One Dalmatians]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1961|1|25}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Thomas |first=Bob |title=Walt Disney: An American Original |edition=2nd |publisher=Disney Editions |isbn=978-0786860272 |page=295 |date=April 22, 1994}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Sword in the Stone (1963 film)|The Sword in the Stone]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1963|12|25}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Thomas|first=Bob|author-link=Bob Thomas (reporter)|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1798&dat=19631101&id=LxQhAAAAIBAJ&pg=3775,126269&hl=en|title=Walt Disney Eyes New Movie Cartoon|work=[[Sarasota Journal]]|page=22|date=November 1, 1963|access-date=June 5, 2016|via=[[Google News Archive]]|archive-date=November 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117163849/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1798&dat=19631101&id=LxQhAAAAIBAJ&pg=3775,126269&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Mary Poppins (film)|Mary Poppins]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SL}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1964|8|27}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedigitalbits.com/columns/history-legacy--showmanship/mary-poppins-50th-anniv|title=Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious: Remembering "Mary Poppins" on its 50th Anniversary|author=Michael Coate|work=thedigitalbits.com|access-date=February 16, 2015|archive-date=December 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202070754/http://www.thedigitalbits.com/columns/history-legacy--showmanship/mary-poppins-50th-anniv|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1964/0MAPO.php|title=Box Office Information for ''Mary Poppins''|publisher=The Numbers|access-date=March 5, 2013|archive-date=February 1, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201044717/http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1964/0MAPO.php|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Hillier|first1=Jim|last2=Pye|first2=Doug|title=100 Film Musicals|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MWsdBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA136|date=May 24, 2011|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-84457-568-8 |page=136}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Steinberg|first1=Cobbett|title=Film Facts|url=https://archive.org/details/filmfacts00cobb_mc3|url-access=registration|year=1980|publisher=Facts on File, Inc.|location=New York|isbn=0-87196-313-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/filmfacts00cobb_mc3/page/25 25]}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Jungle Book (1967 film)|The Jungle Book]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1967|10|18}}<ref>{{cite magazine |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |title=Cartoon Coffers – Top-Grossing Disney Animated Features at the Worldwide B.O. |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Tooned+in%3A+Disney%27s+ani+classics+set+the+bar+and+lit+the+way+for...-a0110473946 |date=October 27, 2003 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |page=6 |archive-date=November 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104215642/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Tooned+in%3a+Disney%27s+ani+classics+set+the+bar+and+lit+the+way+for...-a0110473946 |url-status=live |via=TheFreeLibrary.com}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Aristocats]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1970|12|24}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Scott|first=Vernon|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42762710/the_logansport_press/|title=News from Hollywood|newspaper=[[Pharos-Tribune|The Logansport Press]]|page=6|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|date=February 17, 1971|access-date=January 21, 2020|archive-date=February 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218002302/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42762710/the-logansport-press/|url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Bedknobs and Broomsticks]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SL}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1971|10|7}}<ref>{{cite news |last=Smith |first=Cecil |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/166050539/ |title=Disney studios: it's a hardly a Mickey Mouse operation |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url-access=subscription |date=March 22, 1970 |access-date=July 17, 2018 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |archive-date=June 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620221120/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/166050539/ |url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Robin Hood (1973 film)|Robin Hood]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1973|11|8}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Huddy|first=John|title=Disney Coming Out with "Robin Hood"|newspaper=[[The Blade (Toledo, Ohio)|Toledo Blade]]|date=November 7, 1973|access-date=August 11, 2016|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19731107&id=EClPAAAAIBAJ&pg=7067,2963977&hl=en|via=Google News Archive|archive-date=April 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422071122/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19731107&id=EClPAAAAIBAJ&pg=7067,2963977&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1977|3|11}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/10top10.pdf?docID=381&AddInterest=1781 |title=AFI's 10 Top 10 Nominees |format=PDF |access-date=2016-08-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716071937/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/10top10.pdf?docID=381&AddInterest=1781 |archive-date=2011-07-16}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Rescuers]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1977|6|22}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Film Reviews: The Rescuers|magazine=Variety|url=https://variety.com/1976/film/reviews/the-rescuers-2-1200423850/|date=June 15, 1977|access-date=February 12, 2016|archive-date=August 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828023451/https://variety.com/1976/film/reviews/the-rescuers-2-1200423850/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Pete's Dragon (1977 film)|Pete's Dragon]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SL}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1977|11|3}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1977/0PEDR.php |publisher=The Numbers |title=Pete's Dragon, Box Office Information |access-date=January 29, 2012 |archive-date=August 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813041834/http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1977/0PEDR.php |url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Fox and the Hound]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1981|7|10}}<ref>{{cite web|title=The Fox and the Hound (1981)|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0082406/|access-date=September 20, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027192122/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0082406/|archive-date=October 27, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title=Forest Friendship|first=David|last=Ansen|magazine=[[Newsweek]]|date=July 13, 1981|page=81}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Black Cauldron (film)|The Black Cauldron]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1985|7|24}}<ref>{{cite web |title=The Black Cauldron (1985) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0088814/?ref_=bo_se_r_1 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=October 23, 2010 |archive-date=October 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026031855/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0088814/?ref_=bo_se_r_1 |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | [[Walt Disney Pictures]], Walt Disney Productions and [[Silver Screen Partners|Silver Screen Partners II]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Great Mouse Detective]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1986|7|2}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=greatmousedetective.htm|title=Box office information for ''The Great Mouse Detective''|publisher=[[IMDb]]|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=May 1, 2010|archive-date=December 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203134523/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=greatmousedetective.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation and Silver Screen Partners II |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Who Framed Roger Rabbit]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1988|6|22}}<ref>{{cite web |title=The Numbers: Who Framed Roger Rabbit? (1988) |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Who-Framed-Roger-Rabbit#tab=international |website=The Numbers |publisher=Nash Information Services |access-date=1 July 2022 |ref=box office |archive-date=1 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701045718/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Who-Framed-Roger-Rabbit#tab=international |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | [[Touchstone Pictures]],<ref name="Released under the label">Released under the label.</ref> [[Amblin Entertainment]] and Silver Screen Partners III<ref>Copyrighted to Touchstone Pictures & Amblin Entertainment</ref> | style="background:gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Oliver & Company]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1988|11|18}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://powergrid.thewrap.com/project/oliver-company|title=Oliver & Company (1988)|publisher=[[The Wrap]]|access-date=December 14, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220223925/http://powergrid.thewrap.com/project/oliver-company|archive-date=December 20, 2016}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation and Silver Screen Partners III | rowspan="2" style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1989|11|17}}<ref>{{cite book|last=Stewart|first=James B.|url=https://archive.org/details/disneywar00jame_0|title=DisneyWar|page=104|year=2005|publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]|location=New York|url-access=registration|isbn=0-684-80993-1|author-link=James B. Stewart}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Little Mermaid (1989) – Box Office Summary|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=littlemermaid.htm|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=September 7, 2018|archive-date=July 31, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731031530/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=littlemermaid.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation and Silver Screen Partners IV |- ! scope="row" | ''[[DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1990|8|3}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/MovieDetails/58484 |title=DuckTales The Movie: Treasure Of The Lost Lamp (1990) |publisher=AFI |access-date=April 26, 2020 |archive-date=September 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923072708/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/58484 |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, [[Disneytoon Studios|Disney MovieToons]] | style="background:#F7F436;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Rescuers Down Under]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1990|11|16}}<ref>{{cite web |title=The Rescuers Down Under (1990) |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rescuers-Down-Under-The#tab=summary |website=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |access-date=March 28, 2016 |archive-date=June 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612135642/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rescuers-Down-Under-The#tab=summary |url-status=live}}</ref> | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation and Silver Screen Partners IV | style="background:#F3632B;" rowspan="3" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1991|11|22}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?yr=1991&p=.htm|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|title=1991 DOMESTIC GROSSES|access-date=October 6, 2011|archive-date=November 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106181314/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?yr=1991|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Aladdin (1992 movie)|Aladdin]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1992|11|25}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=aladdin.htm |title=Aladdin (1992) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=March 17, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215092824/http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=aladdin.htm |archive-date=February 15, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Nightmare Before Christmas]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1993|10|29}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0107688/ |title=Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993) |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-date=November 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101214612/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0107688/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Touchstone Pictures]],<ref name="Released under the label"/> [[Skellington Productions]] | style="background:gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Lion King]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1994|6|24}}<ref>{{cite web |first=Brad |last=Brevert |title='X-Men' & 'Alice' Lead Soft Memorial Day Weekend; Disney Tops $4&nbsp;Billion Worldwide |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed3093300228/ |date=May 29, 2016 |access-date=January 28, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-date=August 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814104414/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=4191}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[A Goofy Movie]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1995|4|7}}<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=February 19, 1996|page=1|last=Klady|first=Leonard|title=B.O. with a vengeance: $9.1 billion worldwide}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Disney MovieToons | style="background:#F7F436;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Pocahontas (1995 film)|Pocahontas]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1995|6|23}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Pocahontas#tab=summary|title=Pocahontas (1995) – Financial Information|work=The Numbers|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=November 22, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122223606/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Pocahontas#tab=summary|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Toy Story]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1995|11|22}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1995/09/18/206099/index.htm |work=CNN|title=Steve Jobs' Amazing Movie Adventure Disney Is Betting on Computerdom's Ex-Boy Wonder To Deliver This Year's Animated Christmas Blockbuster. Can He Do For Hollywood What He Did For Silicon Valley? |first=Brent |last=Schlender |date=September 18, 1995|access-date=March 12, 2009|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120604153134/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1995/09/18/206099/index.htm|archive-date=June 4, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, [[Pixar|Pixar Animation Studios]] | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[James and the Giant Peach (film)|James and the Giant Peach]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1996|4|12}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0116683/?ref_=bo_rl_ti|title=James and the Giant Peach|access-date=2022-11-07|archive-date=2022-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107190116/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0116683/?ref_=bo_rl_ti|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/James-and-the-Giant-Peach#tab=summary|title=James and the Giant Peach (1996) – Financial Information|access-date=2022-11-07|archive-date=2018-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303164751/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/James-and-the-Giant-Peach#tab=summary|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, [[Allied Filmmakers]] and Skellington Productions<ref group="st" name="Skellington Productions">Released by Walt Disney Pictures.</ref> | style="background:gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)|The Hunchback of Notre Dame]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1996|6|21}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bates |first1=James |last2=Apodaca |first2=Patrice |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-06-20-mn-16693-story.html |title=Stalking the King of Animation |work=Los Angeles Times |date=June 20, 1996 |access-date=June 21, 2021 |archive-date=June 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204007/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-06-20-mn-16693-story.html |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation | style="background:#F3632B;" rowspan="3" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Hercules (1997 film)|Hercules]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1997|6|27}} <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1997/06/26/humorous-hercules-has-strong-potential/|title=Humorous 'Hercules' Has Strong Potential|last=Shenot|first=Christine|date=June 26, 1997|access-date=August 18, 2015|newspaper=Orlando Sentinel|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304204721/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1997-06-26/business/9706251217_1_hercules-walt-disney-disney-animation|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Mulan (1998 film)|Mulan]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1998|6|19}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Mulan-(1998)#tab=summary|work=The-Numbers|publisher=Nash Information Services|title=Mulan|access-date=May 25, 2022|archive-date=June 27, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120627002530/http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1998/MULAN.php|url-status=live}}</ref> |style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, [[Walt Disney Feature Animation Florida]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[A Bug's Life]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1998|11|25}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1998/12/14/star-trek-squashes-bug-s-life-at-box-office/|title='Star Trek' squashes "Bug's Life' at box office|work=[[The Tampa Bay Times]]|date=December 14, 1998|access-date=October 30, 2022|archive-date=October 11, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011150552/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1998/12/14/star-trek-squashes-bug-s-life-at-box-office/|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Doug's 1st Movie]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1999|3|26}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.screenit.com/movies/1999/dougs_1st_movie.html |title=DOUG'S 1ST MOVIE |website=screenit.com |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2008-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080417203955/http://www.screenit.com/movies/1999/dougs_1st_movie.html |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, [[Disney Television Animation|Walt Disney Television Animation]] and [[List of animation studios owned by The Walt Disney Company#Jumbo Pictures|Jumbo Pictures]]<ref>Copyrighted to Jumbo Pictures</ref> | style="background:purple;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Tarzan (1999 film)|Tarzan]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1999|6|18}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Gauging the Heat of Competition as Post-'Menace' Season Begins|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jun-11-fi-45276-story.html|last=Eller|first=Claudia|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=June 11, 1999|access-date=September 11, 2015|url-access=limited|archive-date=February 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216195111/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jun-11-fi-45276-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Toy Story 2]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1999|11|24}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Toy Story 2' dominates U.S. box office |url=https://www.upi.com/amp/Archives/1999/11/28/Toy-Story-2-dominates-US-box-office/7906943765200/ |access-date=22 February 2022 |work=[[United Press International]] |date=28 November 1999 |archive-date=February 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222022213/https://www.upi.com/amp/Archives/1999/11/28/Toy-Story-2-dominates-US-box-office/7906943765200/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Fantasia 2000]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} |<!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1999|12|17}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=fantasia2000.htm|title=Fantasia 2000 (35mm & IMAX)|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=May 5, 2011|archive-date=June 7, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607062913/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=fantasia2000.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Tigger Movie]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2000|2|11}}<ref>{{cite news|last1=Orwall|first1=Bruce|title=Disney Hopes to Get Its 'Groove' Back in Suffering Family Films|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB976751561781373735|access-date=September 11, 2015|work=The Walt Street Journal|date=December 14, 2000|quote=February's "The Tigger Movie," produced for a bargain-basement $15 million,...|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705095316/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB976751561781373735|archive-date=July 5, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Natale|first1=Richard|title=Moviegoing's Much More Than a 'Scream'|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-feb-14-ca-64124-story.html|access-date=September 11, 2015|work=Los Angeles Times|date=February 14, 2000|quote=The low-budget ($15-million) "Tigger"...|url-status=live|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20150911125005/http://articles.latimes.com/2000/feb/14/entertainment/ca-64124|archive-date=September 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Tigger Movie (2000) - Financial Information |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Tigger-Movie-The#tab=summary |website=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |quote=$20 million |access-date=2022-11-05 |archive-date=2022-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105220658/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Tigger-Movie-The#tab=summary |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Television Animation and [[List of animation studios owned by The Walt Disney Company#Disney Animation Japan|Walt Disney Animation Japan]] | style="background:purple;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Dinosaur (movie)|Dinosaur]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2000|5|19}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Natale|first=Richard|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-may-22-ca-32653-story.html|title='Dinosaur' Gets a Colossal Jump on Summer|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=May 22, 2000|access-date=July 16, 2019|archive-date=June 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614042411/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-may-22-ca-32653-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation and [[List of animation studios owned by The Walt Disney Company#The Secret Lab|The Secret Lab]] | style="background:#F3632B;" rowspan="2" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Emperor's New Groove]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2000|12|15}} <ref>{{cite news |last=Strauss |first=Bob |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/UNBRIDLED+ENTHUSIASM+CAN+DREAMWORKS%27+JEFFREY+KATZENBERG+REINVENT+THE...-a086402195 |title=Unbridled Enthusiasm: Can DreamWorks' Jeffrey Katzenberg Reinvent The CG-Animated Film? |work=Los Angeles Daily News |via=The Free Library |date=May 26, 2002 |access-date=February 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224113146/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/UNBRIDLED+ENTHUSIASM+CAN+DREAMWORKS%27+JEFFREY+KATZENBERG+REINVENT+THE...-a086402195 |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Hernandez |first=Greg |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/DISNEY+JUGGLES+AFTER+FAILURE+%27TREASURE+PLANET%27+SINKS+SCHUMACHER.-a096189053 |title=Disney Juggles After Failure 'Treasure Planet' Sinks Schumacher |work=Los Angeles Daily News |via=The Free Library |date=January 4, 2003 |access-date=February 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224113148/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/DISNEY+JUGGLES+AFTER+FAILURE+%27TREASURE+PLANET%27+SINKS+SCHUMACHER.-a096189053 |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="polygon 2020">{{cite web |url=https://www.polygon.com/2020/6/24/21301603/the-emperors-new-groove-streaming-disney-david-spade-john-goodman-eartha-kitt |title=Torn apart in production, The Emperor's New Groove came out at exactly the wrong time |first=Petrana |last=Radulovic |date=June 24, 2020 |access-date=June 24, 2020 |work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |archive-date=July 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720205053/https://www.polygon.com/2020/6/24/21301603/the-emperors-new-groove-streaming-disney-david-spade-john-goodman-eartha-kitt |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Recess: School's Out]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2001|2|16}} <ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |title=Recess School's Out (2001) |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=recessschoolsout.htm |access-date=2015-01-26 |archive-date=2016-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160627150634/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=recessschoolsout.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Television Animation and [[Paul Germain|Paul]] & [[Joe Ansolabehere|Joe]] Productions | style="background:purple;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Atlantis: The Lost Empire]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2001|6|15}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movies/2001/ATLNS.php|work=The-Numbers|publisher=Nash Information Services|title=Atlantis: The Lost Empire|access-date=January 6, 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220140352/http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/2001/ATLNS.php|archive-date=December 20, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Suddenly, High Stakes for Disney's Film and TV Businesses|first1=Rick|last1=Lyman|first2=Geraldine|last2=Fabrikant|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/21/business/21FILM.html?pagewanted=all|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 21, 2001|access-date=July 4, 2011|quote=Besides, Disney executives maintain that they have made it easier for their animated features to break even by a cost-cutting campaign that made ''Atlantis'', which cost $100 million, about 35 percent cheaper to produce than the studio's other recent animated efforts.|archive-date=January 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140128231928/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/21/business/21FILM.html?pagewanted=all|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=atlantis.htm|title=''Atlantis: The Lost Empire'' (2001)|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]|publisher=Amazon|access-date=July 3, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606200130/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=atlantis.htm |archive-date=June 6, 2011}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation | style="background:#F3632B;| &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Monsters, Inc.]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2001|11|2}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.brainerddispatch.com/newsmd/monsters-inc-mashes-its-competition-with-record-opening|title='Monsters, Inc.' mashes its competition with record opening|date=November 8, 2001|access-date=October 30, 2022|archive-date=October 30, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030033247/https://www.brainerddispatch.com/newsmd/monsters-inc-mashes-its-competition-with-record-opening|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Return to Never Land]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2002|2|15}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/?yr=2002&wknd=07&p=.htm |title=Weekend Box Office Results for February 15-17, 2002 |work=[[Box Office Mojo]] |publisher=[[Amazon.com]] |date=February 19, 2002 |access-date=December 6, 2016 |archive-date=December 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220090204/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/?yr=2002&wknd=07&p=.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Disney MovieToons, Disney Television Animation | style="background:purple;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Lilo & Stitch]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2002|6|21}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-jun-24-et-natale24-story.html|title='Lilo,' 'Minority Report' Tussling Over Top Spot|website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=24 June 2002 |access-date=2022-11-03|archive-date=2022-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103033019/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-jun-24-et-natale24-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation Florida | style="background:#F3632B;" rowspan="2" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Treasure Planet]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2002|11|27}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Treasure Planet 2002 |date=December 6, 2002 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=treasureplanet.htm |access-date=August 10, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629125803/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=treasureplanet.htm |archive-date=June 29, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Jungle Book 2]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2003|2|14}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Weekend Box Office Results for February 14-17, 2003|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/?view=&yr=2003&wknd=07a&p=.htm|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]|publisher=[[IMDb]] (which is owned by [[Amazon.com]])|date=February 18, 2003|access-date=August 19, 2013|archive-date=December 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151215044330/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/?view=&yr=2003&wknd=07a&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |Walt Disney Pictures, Disneytoon Studios | style="background:#F7F436;" rowspan="2" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Piglet's Big Movie]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2003|3|21}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://powergrid.thewrap.com/project/piglets-big-movie|title=Piglet's Big Movie (2003)|work=[[The Wrap]]|access-date=December 14, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220223937/http://powergrid.thewrap.com/project/piglets-big-movie|archive-date=December 20, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Lizzie McGuire Movie]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SL}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only--> {{dts|2003|5|2}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeprophets.com/tickermaster/listing.cfm?TMID=1097:Raise_Your_Voice|title=Raise Your Voice|website=Box Office Prophets|access-date=October 27, 2016|archive-date=October 28, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028083845/http://www.boxofficeprophets.com/tickermaster/listing.cfm?TMID=1097:Raise_Your_Voice|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, [[Stan Rogow Productions]] | style="background:gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Finding Nemo]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2003|5|30}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB105449535976066600|title='Finding Nemo' Takes Top Spot At Box Office on First Weekend|newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=June 2, 2003|access-date=October 30, 2022|archive-date=October 30, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030033229/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB105449535976066600|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Brother Bear]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2003|11|1}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://powergrid.thewrap.com/project/brother-bear|title=Brother Bear (2003)|work=[[The Wrap]]|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223063844/http://powergrid.thewrap.com/project/brother-bear|archive-date=December 23, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation Florida | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Teacher's Pet (2004 film)|Teacher's Pet]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2004|1|16}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://movies.yahoo.com/feature/delgo-worst-opening-ever.html |title=Delgo worst opening ever |publisher=Movies.Yahoo.com |access-date=March 10, 2012 |archive-date=December 19, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219082525/https://movies.yahoo.com/feature/delgo-worst-opening-ever.html |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Television Animation | style="background:purple;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Home on the Range (2004 film)|Home on the Range]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2004|4|2}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Lowe|first=R. Kinsey|title=Bad day in the barnyard|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-apr-05-et-lowe5-story.html|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=April 5, 2004|access-date=December 21, 2015|archive-date=December 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222175711/http://articles.latimes.com/2004/apr/05/entertainment/et-lowe5|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2004/film/markets-festivals/for-disney-it-s-a-season-on-the-brink-1117903177/|last=Amdur|first=Meredith|title=For Disney, it's a season on the brink|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=April 12, 2004|access-date=December 21, 2015|archive-date=December 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223015208/http://variety.com/2004/film/markets-festivals/for-disney-it-s-a-season-on-the-brink-1117903177/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Johnston|first=Lauren|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/disneys-alamo-a-box-office-bomb/|title=Disney's 'Alamo' A Box Office Bomb|work=[[CBS News]]|date=April 12, 2004|access-date=December 21, 2015|archive-date=December 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222213956/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/disneys-alamo-a-box-office-bomb/|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Incredibles]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2004|11|5}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dutka |first=Elaine |date=November 8, 2004 |title=An ''Incredibles'' Debut Of Heroic Proportions |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-nov-08-et-boxoffice8-story.html |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220114142831/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-nov-08-et-boxoffice8-story.html |archive-date=January 14, 2022 |access-date=January 14, 2022 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Pooh's Heffalump Movie]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2005|2|11}} | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Disneytoon Studios | style="background:#F7F436;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Valiant (film)|Valiant]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2005|8|19}}<ref group="rls" name="us">Released by Walt Disney Pictures in North America</ref> | style="text-align:center;"| [[Vanguard Animation]]<ref>Vanguard Animation retains the copyright</ref> and [[Ealing Studios]] | style="background: white;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Chicken Little (2005 film)|Chicken Little]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2005|11|4}} <ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=1935&p=.htm |title=Welcome to the Cluck: ''Chicken Little'', ''Jarhead'' Top Weekend |work=[[Box Office Mojo]] |first=Brandon |last=Gray |access-date=October 22, 2009 |date=November 7, 2005 |archive-date=July 28, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090728203216/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=1935&p=.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Wild]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2006|4|14}} <ref>{{cite web |title=The Wild (2006) - Financial Information |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Wild-The#tab=summary |website=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |access-date=2022-10-30 |archive-date=2022-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030031013/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Wild-The#tab=summary |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"| Walt Disney Pictures,<ref>Disney retains copyright on the film.</ref> [[C.O.R.E. Feature Animation]], Nigel Productions, Hoytyboy Pictures, Sir Zip Productions and [[Beau Flynn#Flynn Picture Company|Contrafilm]] | style="background: white;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Cars (film)|Cars]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2006|6|9}}<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Joshua |last=Rich |title=''Fast & Furious'' shatters box office records |url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/04/05/boxoffice.ew/index.html?section=cnn_latest <!-- republished at CNN.com --> |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=April 5, 2009 |access-date=April 5, 2009 |archive-date=March 25, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325112254/http://www.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/04/05/boxoffice.ew/index.html?section=cnn_latest |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Meet the Robinsons]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2007|3|30}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bombreport.com/yearly-breakdowns/2007-2/meet-the-robinsons/|title=Meet the Robinsons: 60% of the Movie was Redone|access-date=2022-10-18|archive-date=2022-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210234240/https://bombreport.com/yearly-breakdowns/2007-2/meet-the-robinsons/|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Ratatouille (film)|Ratatouille]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2007|6|29}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cieply |first1=Michael |title=It's Not a Sequel, but It Might Seem Like One After the Ads |work=The New York Times |date=April 24, 2007 |access-date=April 11, 2021 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/24/movies/24orig.html |archive-date=October 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009174030/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/24/movies/24orig.html |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Enchanted]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SL}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2007|11|21}}<ref>{{Cite magazine |first=Joshua |last=Rich |title=Audiences Gobbled Up ''Enchanted'' |url=https://ew.com/article/2007/11/27/enchanted-tops-turkey-weekend/ |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=November 25, 2007 |access-date=February 3, 2008 |archive-date=February 18, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080218044825/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20162238,00.html |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, [[Barry Josephson|Josephson Entertainment]], [[Bill Kelly (writer)|Andalasia Productions]] and [[Barry Sonnenfeld|Right Coast Productions]] | style="background:gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[WALL-E]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2008|6|27}}<ref>{{cite news|author=Brooks Barnes|title=Disney and Pixar: The Power of the Prenup|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 1, 2008|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/01/business/media/01pixar.html|access-date=January 12, 2009|archive-date=January 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129133239/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/01/business/media/01pixar.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Bolt (2008 film)|Bolt]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2008|11|21}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/?view=&yr=2008&wknd=47&p=.htm |title=Weekend Box Office Results for November 21–23, 2008 |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=November 23, 2008 |archive-date=December 18, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218221239/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/?view=&yr=2008&wknd=47&p=.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" |''[[Up (2009 film)|Up]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2009|5|29}}<ref name="DisneyFutureSlate2008" /> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[A Christmas Carol (2009 film)|A Christmas Carol]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2009|11|6}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/26/business/media/26carol.html |title=Disney Hopes ''Christmas Carol'' Lives Up to Its Blockbuster Marketing |work=The New York Times |access-date=October 25, 2009 |first=Brooks |last=Barnes |date=October 26, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125154815/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/26/business/media/26carol.html |archive-date=November 25, 2011 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, [[ImageMovers|ImageMovers Digital]]<ref name="Copyrighted to ImageMovers Digital">Copyrighted to ImageMovers Digital</ref><ref group="st" name="IM">The film studio '''ImageMovers Digital''', run by [[Robert Zemeckis]], was owned by Disney from 2007 to 2010. These films were [[Performance capture|Motion capture]] animated films.</ref> | style="background:gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Princess and the Frog]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2009|12|11}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1628177/story.jhtml|title='The Princess And The Frog' Leaps Over The Competition At The Box Office|work=MTV|publisher=[[Viacom (2005–present)|Viacom]]|author=Wigler, Josh|date=December 14, 2009|access-date=January 22, 2010|quote=[...]cost Disney $105 million to produce[...]|archive-date=November 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107204743/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1628177/princess-frog-tops-weekend-box-office.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Toy Story 3]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2010|6|18}}<ref name="DisneyFutureSlate2008">{{Cite web |last1=Hayes |first1=Dade |last2=Fritz |first2=Ben |date=April 8, 2008 |title=Disney unveils animation slate |url=https://variety.com/2008/digital/features/disney-unveils-animation-slate-1117983709/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151225094322/https://variety.com/2008/digital/features/disney-unveils-animation-slate-1117983709/ |archive-date=December 25, 2015 |access-date=December 24, 2022 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Tangled]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2010|11|24}} <ref>{{cite web|title=November 26–28, 2010 Weekend|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/?yr=2010&wknd=48&p=.htm|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 25, 2011|archive-date=June 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614163857/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/?yr=2010&wknd=48&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Overseas Total Box Office|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/intl/weekend/?yr=2010&wk=48&p=.htm|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 25, 2011|archive-date=June 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629091452/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/intl/weekend/?yr=2010&wk=48&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Gnomeo & Juliet]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2011|2|11}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Gnomeo-and-Juliet|title=Gnomeo and Juliet (2011) - Financial Information|website=The Numbers|access-date=2022-10-24|archive-date=2022-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024000018/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Gnomeo-and-Juliet|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131203003704/http://www.screened.com/gnomeo-and-juliet/16-1803/forums/ Screened Forums - Gnomeo and Juliet]</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Touchstone Pictures]],<ref>Released under the label. After Disney sold [[Miramax]] in 2010. Disney also acquired the rights to the film</ref> [[Jam Filled Entertainment|Starz Animation]] and [[Rocket Pictures]]<ref>Copyrighted to Miramax</ref> | style="background:white;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Mars Needs Moms]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2011|3|11}}<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2011/03/13/box-office-report-battle-los-angeles/ |title=Box office report: 'Battle: Los Angeles' conquers all with $36 mil |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=March 13, 2011 |access-date=February 24, 2012 |last=Young |first=John |archive-date=March 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312024424/http://insidemovies.ew.com/2011/03/13/box-office-report-battle-los-angeles/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, ImageMovers Digital<ref name="Copyrighted to ImageMovers Digital"/><ref group="st" name="IM" /> | style="background: gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Cars 2]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2011|6|24}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2011/06/movie-projector-cars-2-expected-to-sputter-to-no-1.html|title=Movie Projector: 'Cars 2' expected to sputter to No. 1 (Updated)|work=Los Angeles Times|last=Fritz|first=Ben|date=June 24, 2011|access-date=June 24, 2011|archive-date=August 26, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826002533/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2011/06/movie-projector-cars-2-expected-to-sputter-to-no-1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Winnie the Pooh (2011 film)|Winnie the Pooh]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2011|7|15}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Winnie the Pooh (2011) - Financial Information|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Winnie-the-Pooh|work=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]]|access-date=May 18, 2016|archive-date=January 8, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108115956/http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Winnie-the-Pooh|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" |''[[Brave (2012 film)|Brave]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2012|6|22}} <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?view2=worldwide&yr=2012&p=.htm|title=2012 Yearly Box Office Results - Box Office Mojo|work=Box Office Mojo|access-date=January 26, 2015|archive-date=April 2, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402034443/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?view2=worldwide&yr=2012&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" |''[[Frankenweenie (2012 film)|Frankenweenie]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2012|10|5}}<ref>{{cite web|first=Russ|last=Fischer|date=August 9, 2010|url=https://www.slashfilm.com/2010/08/09/disney-sets-2012-release-dates-for-john-carter-of-mars-and-frankenweenie/|title=Disney Sets 2012 Release Dates For ''John Carter of Mars'' and ''Frankenweenie''|access-date=August 4, 2011|archive-date=August 18, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818100716/http://www.slashfilm.com/2010/08/09/disney-sets-2012-release-dates-for-john-carter-of-mars-and-frankenweenie/}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, [[Tim Burton Productions]]<ref group="st" name="Skellington Productions" /> | style="background:gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Wreck-It Ralph]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2012|11|2}}<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Finke |first=Nikki |title='Skyfall' Explodes With $515M Worldwide As Biggest Bond With $90M Domestic Opening; Spielberg's 'Lincoln' Huge $900K In 11 Runs |url=https://deadline.com/2012/11/skyfall-opens-with-imax-midnights-as-321m-bond-movie-abroad-arrives-in-u-s-canada-spielbergs-lincoln-platforms-368990/ |magazine=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=November 10, 2012 |access-date=November 2, 2018 |archive-date=November 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111072022/http://www.deadline.com/2012/11/skyfall-opens-with-imax-midnights-as-321m-bond-movie-abroad-arrives-in-u-s-canada-spielbergs-lincoln-platforms/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;| &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Monsters University]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2013|6|21}}<ref name="FilmLA (2013)">{{cite news |title=2013 Feature Film Production Report |year=2014 |publisher=FilmLA |url=http://filmla.com/uploads/2013%20Feature%20Production%20Report%20w%20Release%20030614_1394125127.pdf |page=8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324124605/http://filmla.com/uploads/2013%20Feature%20Production%20Report%20w%20Release%20030614_1394125127.pdf |archive-date=March 24, 2014}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Planes (film)|Planes]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2013|8|9}}<ref name="Box Office Mojo Planes">{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt1691917/?ref_=bo_se_r_1|title=Planes (2013)|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=December 21, 2013|archive-date=June 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628142119/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt1691917/?ref_=bo_se_r_1|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Disneytoon Studios | style="background:#F7F436;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Frozen (2013 film)|Frozen]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2013|11|27}}<ref>{{cite news |last=Smith |first=Grady |title=Box office preview: "Frozen" ready to storm the chart, but it won't beat "Catching Fire" |url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2013/11/27/box-office-preview-frozen-catching-fire/ |access-date=November 29, 2013 |newspaper=Entertainment Weekly |date=November 27, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131128190249/http://insidemovies.ew.com/2013/11/27/box-office-preview-frozen-catching-fire/ |archive-date=November 28, 2013}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Planes: Fire & Rescue]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2014|7|18}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/planes-2-taking-flight-in-bummer-year-for-animated-movies-at-box-office/ |title='Planes 2' Taking Flight in Bummer Year for Animated Movies at Box Office |website=The Wrap |date=July 15, 2014 |access-date=September 4, 2014 |archive-date=August 24, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824124648/https://www.thewrap.com/planes-2-taking-flight-in-bummer-year-for-animated-movies-at-box-office/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Disneytoon Studios | style="background:#F7F436;"| &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Big Hero 6 (film)|Big Hero 6]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2014|11|7}}<ref>{{cite web|date=November 4, 2014|author=Brent Lang|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/box-office-interstellar-big-hero-6-eye-record-breaking-weekend-1201347238|title=Box Office: 'Interstellar,' 'Big Hero 6' Eye Record-Breaking Weekend|work=Variety|access-date=November 5, 2014|archive-date=November 7, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107075130/http://variety.com/2014/film/news/box-office-interstellar-big-hero-6-eye-record-breaking-weekend-1201347238/|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Strange Magic (film)|Strange Magic]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2015|01|23}} <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://screenanarchy.com/2017/01/review-strange-magic-an-underrated-animated-musical-from-lucasfilm-contrib.html|title=Review: Strange Magic, an underrated animated musical from Lucasfilm|date=January 10, 2017|work=ScreenAnarchy|access-date=July 9, 2017|archive-date=July 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704040810/http://screenanarchy.com/2017/01/review-strange-magic-an-underrated-animated-musical-from-lucasfilm-contrib.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Touchstone Pictures]],<ref name="Released under the label"/> [[Lucasfilm Animation]]<ref>Copyright Lucasfilm</ref> | style="background:gray;"| &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Inside Out (2015 film)|Inside Out]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2015|06|19}}<ref name="DeadlineProfitAnalysisFinal">{{Cite web |last=Fleming |first=Mike Jr. |date=March 23, 2016 |title=No. 6 ''Inside Out'' – 2015 Most Valuable Movie Blockbuster Tournament |url=https://deadline.com/2016/03/inside-out-profit-box-office-2015-pixar-disney-1201724894/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326053651/http://deadline.com/2016/03/inside-out-profit-box-office-2015-pixar-disney-1201724894/ |archive-date=March 26, 2016 |access-date=March 24, 2016 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref name="WorldwideOpeningWeekend">{{Cite web |last1=Tartaglione |first1=Nancy |last2=Busch |first2=Anita |date=June 22, 2015 |title=''Jurassic World'' Crossing $1B Global; ''Inside Out'', ''Minions'' Debut Strong – Intl Box Office Final |url=https://deadline.com/2015/06/jurassic-world-nearing-1-billion-dollars-inside-out-minions-opening-international-box-office-1201451164/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626104219/https://deadline.com/2015/06/jurassic-world-nearing-1-billion-dollars-inside-out-minions-opening-international-box-office-1201451164/ |archive-date=June 26, 2015 |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" rowspan="2" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Good Dinosaur]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2015|11|25}}<ref name="Guerrasio">{{cite web|last1=Guerrasio|first1=Jason|date=December 9, 2015|title='Pixar finally has its first box-office bomb|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/pixar-finally-has-its-first-box-office-bomb-2015-12|website=[[Business Insider]]|access-date=November 13, 2016|archive-date=March 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326062016/http://www.businessinsider.com/pixar-finally-has-its-first-box-office-bomb-2015-12|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Brew|first=Simon|url=http://www.denofgeek.us/movies/the-good-dinosaur/252357/the-good-dinosaur-is-pixars-lowest-grossing-movie|title=The Good Dinosaur is Pixar's Lowest Grossing Movie|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401072615/http://www.denofgeek.us/movies/the-good-dinosaur/252357/the-good-dinosaur-is-pixars-lowest-grossing-movie|archive-date=April 1, 2016|website=[[Den of Geek]]|date=January 7, 2016|access-date=March 23, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Kenny|first1=Charles|date=January 26, 2016|title='Pixar's First Flop is Being Quietly Swept Under the Rug|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2016/01/pixars-first-flop-is-being-quietly-swept-under-the-rug-122418/|website=[[IndieWire]]|access-date=November 13, 2016|archive-date=November 14, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114083837/http://www.indiewire.com/2016/01/pixars-first-flop-is-being-quietly-swept-under-the-rug-122418/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Zootopia]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2016|3|4}}<ref name="Deadline20162018">{{cite news|title=Disney Sets Animation Slate To Infinity And Beyond|url=https://deadline.com/2013/05/disney-pixar-animation-movies-release-schedule-509742/|access-date=June 1, 2013|newspaper=Deadline|date=May 29, 2013|archive-date=March 29, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329023112/http://www.deadline.com/2013/05/disney-pixar-animation-movies-release-schedule/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="A113Slate">{{cite news|last=Jardine|first=William|title=Tonnes of New Details Revealed About Disney's Upcoming Slate!|url=http://www.a113animation.com/2013/07/new-details-revealed-about-disneys.html|access-date=July 11, 2013|newspaper=Big Screen Animation|date=July 11, 2013|archive-date=July 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712054307/http://www.a113animation.com/2013/07/new-details-revealed-about-disneys.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Kilday|first=Gregg|title=Pixar vs. Disney Animation: John Lasseter's Tricky Tug-of-War|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/pixar-disney-animation-john-lasseters-661752|access-date=December 4, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=December 4, 2013|archive-date=February 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210005414/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/pixar-disney-animation-john-lasseters-661752|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Finding Dory]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2016|6|17}}<ref name="pushback">{{cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/pixars-good-dinosaur-pushed-back-631722 |title=Pixar's 'The Good Dinosaur' Pushed Back Nearly 18 Months After Losing Director |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter |date=2011-11-17 |access-date=2013-09-19 |archive-date=2013-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921024441/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/pixars-good-dinosaur-pushed-back-631722 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="FN2">{{cite news|last=Kit|first=Borys|title=Andrew Stanton to Direct Pixar's ''Finding Nemo'' Sequel|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/andrew-stanton-pixar-finding-nemo-sequel-350267|access-date=July 17, 2012|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=July 17, 2012|archive-date=November 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112013133/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/andrew-stanton-pixar-finding-nemo-sequel-350267|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;"| &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Moana]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2016|11|23}}<ref name="Deadline20162018" /><ref name="A113Slate" /><ref>{{cite news|last1=Graser|first1=Marc|title=Disney Sails Into Theaters With Animated 'Moana' in 2016|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/disney-sails-into-theaters-with-animated-moana-in-2016-1201334550/|access-date=October 21, 2014|work=Variety|date=October 20, 2014|archive-date=August 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814103317/https://variety.com/2014/film/news/disney-sails-into-theaters-with-animated-moana-in-2016-1201334550/|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Cars 3]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2017|6|16}}<ref name="DeadlineWaspIncredibles2" /><ref>{{cite web|last1=Mendelson|first1=Scott|title=Pixar's 'Cars 3' Review: Lightning (McQueen) Strikes On The Third Lap|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/scottmendelson/2017/06/13/cars-3-review-lightning-mcqueen-strikes-on-the-third-lap/#3653e2981a1f|website=[[Forbes]]|access-date=June 17, 2017|archive-date=June 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613195753/https://www.forbes.com/sites/scottmendelson/2017/06/13/cars-3-review-lightning-mcqueen-strikes-on-the-third-lap/#3653e2981a1f|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3" |Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" rowspan="3" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Coco (2017 film)|Coco]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2017|11|22}}<ref name="disney blog">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.disney.com/insider/2015/08/14/meet-the-newest-disneypixar-marvel-coco/?cmp=SMC|title=meet the newest disney pixar film, coco|publisher=disney|date=2015|access-date=August 14, 2015|archive-date=September 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914132549/http://blogs.disney.com/insider/2015/08/14/meet-the-newest-disneypixar-marvel-coco/?cmp=SMC|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Incredibles 2]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2018|6|15}}<ref name="DeadlineWaspIncredibles2">{{cite web|last1=Hipes|first1=Patrick|title=Disney: 'Ant Man And The Wasp' A Go, 'Incredibles 2' Dated & More|url=https://deadline.com/2015/10/ant-man-sequel-incredibles-2-release-dates-disney-1201570867/|publisher=Deadline|access-date=October 9, 2015|date=October 8, 2015|archive-date=October 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009023533/https://deadline.com/2015/10/ant-man-sequel-incredibles-2-release-dates-disney-1201570867/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Graser|first1=Marc|title=Pixar's 'Toy Story 4′ Set to Play in Theaters in 2017|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/john-lasseter-to-direct-toy-story-4-out-in-2017-1201349848/|access-date=November 7, 2014|work=Variety|date=November 6, 2014|archive-date=November 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111022643/http://variety.com/2014/film/news/john-lasseter-to-direct-toy-story-4-out-in-2017-1201349848/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Ralph Breaks the Internet]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2018|11|21}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2016/03/24/wreck-it-ralph-2-still-happening-might-feature-mario|title=Wreck-It Ralph 2 Still Happening, Might Feature Mario|author=Tilly, Chris|publisher=IGN|date=Mar 24, 2016|access-date=June 18, 2016|archive-date=March 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324120519/https://www.ign.com/articles/2016/03/24/wreck-it-ralph-2-still-happening-might-feature-mario|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Frozen2020" /> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Mary Poppins Returns]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SL}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2018|12|19}}<ref name="THRDec18">{{Cite news |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/how-rob-marshall-returned-disneys-guarded-jewel-big-screen-1166094 |title=Making of 'Mary Poppins Returns': How Rob Marshall returned Disney's "guarded jewel" to the big screen |last=Svetkey |first=Benjamin |date=December 7, 2018 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=December 9, 2018 |df=dmy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209123926/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/how-rob-marshall-returned-disneys-guarded-jewel-big-screen-1166094 |archive-date=December 9, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, [[Rob Marshall|Lucamar Productions]] and [[Marc Platt (producer)|Marc Platt Productions]] | style="background:gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Toy Story 4]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2019|6|21}}<ref name="DeadlineWaspIncredibles2" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/spirited-away-release-crushes-toy-story-4-at-chinese-box-office-1220251|title=China Box Office: 'Toy Story 4' Getting Crushed by Rerelease of Anime Classic 'Spirited Away'|author=Patrick Brzeski|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=June 21, 2019|access-date=June 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621135149/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/spirited-away-release-crushes-toy-story-4-at-chinese-box-office-1220251|archive-date=June 21, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Lion King (2019 film)|The Lion King]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SL}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only--> {{dts|2019|7|19}}<ref name="Hollywood Reporter">{{Cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/behind-screen/lion-king-virtual-production-could-be-a-game-changer-filmmaking-1224990 |title=The Lion King' "Virtual Production" Could Be a Game-Changer for Filmmaking |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |first=Carolyn |last=Giardina |date=July 19, 2019 |access-date=August 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801011135/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/behind-screen/lion-king-virtual-production-could-be-a-game-changer-filmmaking-1224990 |archive-date=August 1, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, [[Jon Favreau|Fairview Entertainment]] | style="background:gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Frozen 2]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2019|11|22}}<ref name="Frozen2020">{{cite web |title=Disney Dates 'Lion King' and 'Frozen 2,' Pushes Fifth 'Indiana Jones' Film to 2020 |author=Lang, Brent |name-list-style=amp |author2=Khatchatourian, Maane |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/lion-king-frozen-2-indiana-jones-5-release-dates-1202395212/ |work=Variety |date=April 25, 2017 |access-date=2017-04-25 |archive-date=2017-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426061400/http://variety.com/2017/film/news/lion-king-frozen-2-indiana-jones-5-release-dates-1202395212/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2018/film/news/frozen-2-release-1203017475/ |title='Frozen 2' Release Date Moves Up a Week |last1=Rubin |first1=Rebecca |date=November 1, 2018 |access-date=November 2, 2018 |work=Variety |archive-date=November 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101220158/https://variety.com/2018/film/news/frozen-2-release-1203017475/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;"| &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Spies in Disguise]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2019|12|25}}<ref>{{cite web|last1=N'Duka|first1=Amanda|title=Will Smith & Tom Holland Topline 'Spies In Disguise' Animated Film|url=https://deadline.com/2017/10/will-smith-tom-holland-spies-in-disguise-animation-film-1202185002/|publisher=Deadline|access-date=March 31, 2018|date=October 9, 2017|archive-date=October 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009235634/https://deadline.com/2017/10/will-smith-tom-holland-spies-in-disguise-animation-film-1202185002/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="VarietyReleaseDates">{{cite news|last1=Lang|first1=Brent|last2=Rubin|first2=Rebecca|title=Disney Announces New 'Star Wars' Films, Moves 'Avatar' Sequels|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/news/disney-avatar-star-wars-marvel-1203207661/|access-date=May 7, 2019|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=May 7, 2019|archive-date=May 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507180739/https://variety.com/2019/film/news/disney-avatar-star-wars-marvel-1203207661/|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | [[20th Century Studios|20th Century Fox]], [[20th Century Animation|20th Century Fox Animation]], [[Blue Sky Studios]] and [[Chernin Entertainment]] | style="background:goldenrod;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Onward (film)|Onward]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2020|3|6}}<ref name="DeadlineWaspIncredibles2" /><ref name="VarietyDec2018">{{cite web|first1=Dave|last1=McNary|access-date=2018-12-12|title=Chris Pratt, Tom Holland, Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Octavia Spencer to Voice Pixar's 'Onward'|url=https://variety.com/2018/film/news/chris-pratt-tom-holland-julia-louis-dreyfus-octavia-spencer-onward-1203088174/|date=12 December 2018|archive-date=2018-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212222451/https://variety.com/2018/film/news/chris-pratt-tom-holland-julia-louis-dreyfus-octavia-spencer-onward-1203088174/|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" |''[[Raya and the Last Dragon]]'' |<!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2021|3|5}}<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Disney shelves planned Jack and the Beanstalk animated re-telling Gigantic|url=https://ew.com/movies/2017/10/10/disney-shelves-gigantic-jack-beanstalk-retelling/|author=Lenker, Maureen Lee|quote=We are focusing our energies on another project that has been in the works, which we'll be sharing more about soon, now set for Thanksgiving 2020."|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|date=October 10, 2017|access-date=2017-10-10|archive-date=2017-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010234606/https://ew.com/movies/2017/10/10/disney-shelves-gigantic-jack-beanstalk-retelling/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Hogarty|first=Joe|date=2019-08-24|title=Disney Announces Upcoming New Animated Movie, "Raya And The Last Dragon" at D23 Expo 2019|work=WDW News Today|url=https://wdwnt.com/2019/08/disney-announces-new-animated-movie-raya-and-the-last-dragon/|access-date=August 24, 2019|archive-date=2019-08-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824175554/https://wdwnt.com/2019/08/disney-announces-new-animated-movie-raya-and-the-last-dragon/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="SoulRaya">{{cite news |last=Fuster |first=Jeremy |date=April 13, 2020 |title=Disney Moves 'Soul,' 'Raya and the Last Dragon' Release Dates |work=[[TheWrap]] |url=https://www.thewrap.com/disney-moves-soul-raya-and-the-last-dragon-release-dates/ |url-status=live |access-date=April 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308135958/https://www.thewrap.com/disney-moves-soul-raya-and-the-last-dragon-release-dates/ |archive-date=March 8, 2021}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Ron's Gone Wrong]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2021|10|22}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://deadline.com/2017/10/channing-tatum-gambit-to-open-valentines-day-2019-release-1202187558/|title='Gambit' Starring Channing Tatum Will Open Valentine's Day 2019|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=2017-10-12|work=Deadline|access-date=October 13, 2017|archive-date=2017-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013061430/https://deadline.com/2017/10/channing-tatum-gambit-to-open-valentines-day-2019-release-1202187558/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="20thDelay">{{cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/bobs-burgers-movie-the-kings-man-get-disney-film-delays|title=Bob's Burgers Movie, The King's Man Get Disney Film Delays|publisher=[[IGN]]|date=January 22, 2021|access-date=January 22, 2021|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122184900/https://www.ign.com/articles/bobs-burgers-movie-the-kings-man-get-disney-film-delays|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | 20th Century Studios, 20th Century Animation, [[TSG Entertainment]], [[Locksmith Animation]] and [[DNEG]] | style="background:goldenrod;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Encanto]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2021|11|24}}<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1337191557670178819|user=DisneyAnimation|title=This Fall, Walt Disney Animation...|date=11 December 2020}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" |''[[The Bob's Burgers Movie]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2022|5|27}}<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hipes|first1=Patrick|title='Bob's Burgers' Movie Ordered Up For 2020|url=https://deadline.com/2017/10/bobs-burgers-movie-release-date-fox-1202181837/|publisher=Deadline|access-date=March 31, 2018|date=October 4, 2017|archive-date=October 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004210528/https://deadline.com/2017/10/bobs-burgers-movie-release-date-fox-1202181837/|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | 20th Century Studios, [[Bento Box Entertainment]] and [[Loren Bouchard|Wilo Productions]] | style="background:gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Lightyear (film)|Lightyear]]'' |<!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2022|6|17}}<ref name="AMMulanTo2020">{{cite news |last1=Milligan |first1=Mercedes |date=March 1, 2018 |title=Disney Pushes Live 'Mulan' to 2020, Dates Multi-Studio Slate |work=Animation Magazine |url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/features/disney-pushes-live-mulan-to-2020-dates-multi-studio-slate/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 5, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525010911/http://www.animationmagazine.net/features/disney-pushes-live-mulan-to-2020-dates-multi-studio-slate/ |archive-date=May 25, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=D'Alessandro |first1=Anthony |title=Pixar Has Buzz Lightyear Origin Movie In Works With Chris Evans & 'Turning Red' From 'Bao' Filmmaker Domee Shi |url=https://deadline.com/2020/12/pixar-has-buzz-lightyear-movie-in-the-works-with-chris-evans-turning-red-from-bao-filmmaker-domee-shi-1234654489/ |access-date=December 10, 2020 |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=December 10, 2020 |archive-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125164218/https://deadline.com/2020/12/pixar-has-buzz-lightyear-movie-in-the-works-with-chris-evans-turning-red-from-bao-filmmaker-domee-shi-1234654489/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Rubin|first1=Rebecca|title=Box Office: Pixar's 'Lightyear' Looks to Blast Off With $70 Million Opening Weekend|access-date=2022-06-15|url=https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/box-office-lightyear-opening-weekend-1235294699/|archive-date=2022-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615151227/https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/box-office-lightyear-opening-weekend-1235294699/|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Strange World (film)|Strange World]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2022|11|23}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wdwnt.com/2022/09/disney-films-to-receive-new-100-years-of-wonder-intro-next-year/ |title=Disney Films to Receive New '100 Years of Wonder' Intro Next Year - WDW News Today |date=September 9, 2022 |access-date=September 21, 2022 |archive-date=September 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171038/https://wdwnt.com/2022/09/disney-films-to-receive-new-100-years-of-wonder-intro-next-year/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="AMMulanTo2020" /><ref name="Hall2022">{{cite news|last1=Fisher|first1=Jacob|title=Don Hall & Qui Nguyen Reteam For Walt Disney Animation's 2022 Film (EXCLUSIVE)|url=https://discussingfilm.net/2021/07/05/don-hall-qui-nguyen-reteam-for-walt-disney-animations-2022-film-exclusive/|access-date=July 11, 2021|work=Discussing Film|date=July 5, 2021|archive-date=July 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711035838/https://discussingfilm.net/2021/07/05/don-hall-qui-nguyen-reteam-for-walt-disney-animations-2022-film-exclusive/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="TitleAnnouncement">{{Cite web |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=December 9, 2021 |title=Disney Unveils Animated Movie 'Strange World' With Thanksgiving 2022 Release Date |url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/disney-strange-world-release-date-1235129812/ |access-date=December 9, 2021 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |archive-date=June 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621040655/https://variety.com/2021/film/news/disney-strange-world-release-date-1235129812/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Parlevliet">{{Cite web |last=Parlevliet |first=Mirko |date=September 9, 2022 |title=Disney Live Action, Pixar and Animation Studios Present Upcoming Slate at D23 Expo |url=https://www.vitalthrills.com/disney-live-action/ |access-date=September 10, 2022 |website=vitalthrills.com }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B; " | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Elemental (2023 movie)|Elemental]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2023|6|16}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=2022-05-16 |title=Pixar Unveils Concept Art & Dates 27th Film 'Elemental' For Summer 2023 |url=https://deadline.com/2022/05/pixar-elemental-release-date-concept-art-1235024683/ |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=Deadline |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516140903/https://deadline.com/2022/05/pixar-elemental-release-date-concept-art-1235024683/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2022/10/pixar-elemental-brenda-hsueh-verve-1235157242/|title=Verve Signs Pixar 'Elemental' Screenwriter Brenda Hsueh|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=October 28, 2022|access-date=November 27, 2022|archive-date=November 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107122906/https://deadline.com/2022/10/pixar-elemental-brenda-hsueh-verve-1235157242/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Anthony |last1=D'Alessandro |access-date=November 15, 2019 |title=Disney Dates A Ton Of Pics Into 2023 & Juggles Fox Releases With Ridley Scott's 'The Last Duel' To Open Christmas 2020, 'The King's Man' Next Fall - Update |url=https://deadline.com/2019/11/disney-fox-release-schedule-the-last-duel-the-kings-man-nimona-1202787773/ |newspaper=Deadline |date=November 15, 2019 |archive-date=January 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116093219/https://deadline.com/2019/11/disney-fox-release-schedule-the-last-duel-the-kings-man-nimona-1202787773/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2019/11/disney-fox-release-schedule-the-last-duel-the-kings-man-nimona|title=Disney Dates a Ton of Pics into 2023 & Juggles Fox Releases with Ridley Scott's 'The Last Duel' to Open Christmas 2020, 'The King's Man' Next Fall – Update|date=November 16, 2019|access-date=November 19, 2019|archive-date=March 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324060228/https://deadline.com/2019/11/disney-fox-release-schedule-the-last-duel-the-kings-man-nimona-1202787773/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Pixar Tweet">{{cite tweet|number=1568387640206172161|user=Pixar|title=🔥and💧come together in this FIRST LOOK at Ember & Wade played by Leah Lewis and Mamoudou Athie, from Disney and Pixar's ''Elemental'', coming to theaters June 16, 2023!|author=Pixar|author-link=Pixar}}</ref> |style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue; " | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Wish (movie)|Wish]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2023|11|22}}<ref name="Wish">{{cite web|date=September 9, 2022|title=Ariana DeBose to Star in Disney Movie 'Wish' From 'Frozen' Team|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/wish-disney-movie-in-the-works-1235216113/|access-date=September 9, 2022|website=The Hollywood Reporter|language=en-US|archive-date=September 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910133002/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/wish-disney-movie-in-the-works-1235216113/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Disney Release Dates Nov19">{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2019/11/disney-fox-release-schedule-the-last-duel-the-kings-man-nimona-1202787773/ |title=Disney Dates A Ton Of Pics Into 2023 & Juggles Fox Releases With Ridley Scott's 'The Last Duel' To Open Christmas 2020, 'The King's Man' Next Fall – Update |date=November 15, 2019 |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |website=Deadline |access-date=November 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116093219/https://deadline.com/2019/11/disney-fox-release-schedule-the-last-duel-the-kings-man-nimona-1202787773/ |archive-date=January 16, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=September 9, 2022 |title=Ariana DeBose to Star in Disney Movie 'Wish' From 'Frozen' Team |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/wish-disney-movie-in-the-works-1235216113/ |website=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=September 9, 2022 |archive-date=September 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910133002/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/wish-disney-movie-in-the-works-1235216113/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Schedule2023">{{cite news|last1=|first1=|date=April 13, 2020|title="WALT DISNEY STUDIOS MOTION PICTURES RELEASE SCHEDULE" (PDF).|work=Walt Disney Studios|url=https://www.waltdisneystudios.com/assets/disney-release-calendar-4.13.20.pdf|access-date=May 3, 2020|archive-date=March 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308210111/https://www.waltdisneystudios.com/assets/disney-release-calendar-4.13.20.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Parlevliet" /> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B; " | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Soul (2020 film)|Soul]]''<sup>‡</sup> |<!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2024|1|12}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Moreau |first=Jordan |date=2023-12-05 |title=Pixar's 'Soul,' 'Turning Red' and 'Luca' Coming to Theaters After Disney+ Debuts During Pandemic |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/news/pixar-soul-turning-red-luca-theaters-1235822031/ |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> | rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | rowspan="4" style="background:blue; " | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Turning Red]]''<sup>‡</sup> | {{dts|2024|2|9}}<ref name=":0"/> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Luca (2021 film)|Luca]]''<sup>‡</sup> | {{dts|2024|3|22}}<ref name=":0"/> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Inside Out 2]]''<ref>{{cite magazine|date=September 9, 2022|title=Oh, Joy! Inside Out 2 on the way with Amy Poehler returning|url=https://ew.com/movies/inside-out-sequel-amy-poehler-announced/|access-date=September 9, 2022|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|language=en-US|archive-date=September 12, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912132055/https://ew.com/movies/inside-out-sequel-amy-poehler-announced/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="IO2ReleaseDate">{{Cite web |last1=Rubin |first1=Rebecca |last2=Vary |first2=Adam B. |date=September 15, 2022 |title=Disney Removes ''Star Wars'' Spinoff ''Rogue Squadron'' From Release Calendar, Sets Dates for ''Snow White'', ''Inside Out 2'' and ''Lion King'' Sequel |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/news/disney-star-wars-spinoff-rogue-squadron-release-snow-white-inside-out-2-lion-king-sequel-1235373972/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915182131/https://variety.com/2022/film/news/disney-star-wars-spinoff-rogue-squadron-release-snow-white-inside-out-2-lion-king-sequel-1235373972/ |archive-date=September 15, 2022 |access-date=September 15, 2022 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> | {{dts|2024|6|14}}<ref>{{cite news|date=September 9, 2022|title='Inside Out' Sequel Plans Confirmed By Pixar At D23|url=https://deadline.com/2022/09/inside-out-sequel-plans-confirmed-by-pixar-at-d23-1235113202/|access-date=September 9, 2022|website=Deadline|language=en-US|archive-date=September 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913003924/https://deadline.com/2022/09/inside-out-sequel-plans-confirmed-by-pixar-at-d23-1235113202/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="DisneyReleaseSchedule2021" /><ref name="IO2Announcement">{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=September 9, 2022 |title=''Inside Out'' Sequel Plans Confirmed By Pixar At D23 |url=https://deadline.com/2022/09/inside-out-sequel-plans-confirmed-by-pixar-at-d23-1235113202/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913003924/https://deadline.com/2022/09/inside-out-sequel-plans-confirmed-by-pixar-at-d23-1235113202/ |archive-date=September 13, 2022 |access-date=September 13, 2022 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref name="Rubin">{{Cite web|last=Rubin|first=Rebecca|title=Disney Removes 'Star Wars' Spinoff 'Rogue Squadron' From Release Calendar, Sets Dates for 'Snow White,' 'Inside Out 2' and 'Lion King' Sequel|url=https://variety.com/2022/film/news/disney-star-wars-spinoff-rogue-squadron-release-snow-white-inside-out-2-lion-king-sequel-1235373972/|access-date=September 15, 2022|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=15 September 2022 |language=en-US|archive-date=September 15, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915182131/https://variety.com/2022/film/news/disney-star-wars-spinoff-rogue-squadron-release-snow-white-inside-out-2-lion-king-sequel-1235373972/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Parlevliet" /> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Moana 2]]''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stephan |first1=Katcy |title='Moana 2' Set at Disney With Surprise 2024 Release Date |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/moana-2-disney-2024-release-date-1235901329/ |website=Variety |access-date=7 February 2024 |date=7 February 2024}}</ref> | {{dts|2024|11|27}}<ref name="DisneyAdds">{{cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/entertainment/disney-adds-a-ton-of-untitled-disney-movies-including-one-this-year/|title=Disney Adds A Ton of 'Untitled Disney' Movies, Including One This Year|last=Trenholm|first=Richard|date=January 20, 2023|access-date=January 20, 2023|archive-date=January 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120222218/https://www.cnet.com/culture/entertainment/disney-adds-a-ton-of-untitled-disney-movies-including-one-this-year/|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B; " | &nbsp; |- !''[[Mufasa: The Lion King]]'' |December 20, 2024 |Walt Disney Pictures, Pastel Productions | |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Elio (film)|Elio]]''<ref>{{cite news|date=September 9, 2022|title='Elio': Pixar Sets New Pic About 11-Year-Old Boy Beamed Into Space; America Ferrera Stars & 'Coco's Adrian Molina Directs|url=https://deadline.com/2022/09/elio-pixar-movie-america-ferrera-yonas-kibreab-adrian-molina-1235113672//|access-date=September 9, 2022|website=Deadline|language=en-US|archive-date=September 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910003229/https://deadline.com/2022/09/elio-pixar-movie-america-ferrera-yonas-kibreab-adrian-molina-1235113672/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first1=Erik |last1=Pedersen |last2=Grobar |first2=Matt |date=2022-09-10 |title='Elio': Pixar Sets New Pic About 11-Year-Old Boy Beamed Into Space; America Ferrera Stars & 'Coco's Adrian Molina Directs |url=https://deadline.com/2022/09/elio-pixar-movie-america-ferrera-yonas-kibreab-adrian-molina-1235113672/ |access-date=2022-09-10 |website=Deadline |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921235514/https://deadline.com/2022/09/elio-pixar-movie-america-ferrera-yonas-kibreab-adrian-molina-1235113672/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | {{dts|2025|6|13}}<ref name="DisneyReleaseSchedule2021">{{cite news |first1=Borys |last1=Kit |access-date=September 11, 2021 |title=Disney's Live-Action 'The Little Mermaid' to Open on Memorial Day Weekend in 2023 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/disneys-live-action-the-little-mermaid-memorial-day-weekend-opening-1235011622/ |newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter |date=September 10, 2021 |archive-date=September 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910214925/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/disneys-live-action-the-little-mermaid-memorial-day-weekend-opening-1235011622/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Parlevliet" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=McClintock |first1=Pamela |title=Disney Delays 'Snow White' and 'Elio' a Year, Removes Jonathan Majors' 'Magazine Dreams' From Calendar |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/disney-delays-snow-white-actor-strike-1235629856/ |access-date=27 October 2023 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=27 October 2023}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- style="color:black" ! scope="col" style="width:300px;"|Title ! scope="col" style="width:220px;"|Scheduled U.S. theatrical release<!-- Walt Disney Pictures U.S. Theatrical Release Date only--> ! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width:220px;"|Production company<ref group="st" name="WDAS" /> |} ‡—Includes theatrical reissue(s). ====Upcoming==== {{See also|List of Walt Disney Animation Studios films#Upcoming films|List of Pixar films#Upcoming|20th Century Animation#Co-productions and original films | label 1=Upcoming Walt Disney Animation Studios films|label 2=Upcoming Pixar Animation Studios films|label 3=Upcoming 20th Century Animation films}} {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+ |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Zootopia 2]]''<ref>{{cite web |last1=D'Alessandro |first1=Anthony |title='Zootopia 2' Lands 2025 Theatrical Release, 'Alien' Movie Gets Title |url=https://deadline.com/2024/02/zootopia-2-release-date-alien-romulus-1235818517/ |website=Deadline |access-date=8 February 2024 |date=7 February 2024}}</ref> | {{dts|2025|11|26}}<ref name="DisneyAdds" /> | style="text-align:center;" | Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B; " | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''Hoppers''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moreau |first=Jordan |date=2024-08-10 |title=Pixar Reveals ‘Hoppers,’ a Beaver Body-Swap Movie Starring Jon Hamm, Bobby Moynihan, Piper Curda |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/hoppers-pixar-jon-hamm-movie-1236102010/ |access-date=2024-08-10 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> | {{dts|2026|3|6}}<ref name="DisneyAdds" /><ref name="HoppersReleaseDate">{{Cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=August 13, 2024 |title=''Frozen 3'' Gets Official Thanksgiving 2027 Release; Pixar's ''Hoppers'' Sets Spring 2026 |url=https://deadline.com/2024/08/frozen-3-release-date-1236039148/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240813174243/https://deadline.com/2024/08/frozen-3-release-date-1236039148/ |archive-date=August 13, 2024 |access-date=August 13, 2024 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''Kung Fu Sock: A Long Way Home'' | {{dts|2026|5|22}} | style="text-align:center;" | 20th Century Studios, 20th Century Animation | style="background:goldenrod;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Toy Story 5]]''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Couch |first1=Aaron |title=Disney Sets ‘Toy Story 5,’ ‘Mandalorian & Grogu’ for 2026, Delays Live-Action ‘Moana’ by a Year |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/disney-sets-toy-story-5-mandalorian-and-grogu-1235867413/ |website=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=5 April 2024 |date=5 April 2024}}</ref> | {{dts|2026|6|19}}<ref name="DisneyAdds" /><ref name="Deadline 2023-02-08">{{Cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=2023-02-08 |title='Frozen', 'Toy Story' & 'Zootopia' Sequels In The Works, Disney CEO Bob Iger Says |url=https://deadline.com/2023/02/frozen-toy-story-zootopia-sequels-in-the-works-bob-iger-disney-earnings-1235253824/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=Deadline |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208235300/https://deadline.com/2023/02/frozen-toy-story-zootopia-sequels-in-the-works-bob-iger-disney-earnings-1235253824/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Libbey |first=Dirk |date=February 7, 2019 |title=Toy Story 5? Here's What Tim Allen Says |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2466578/toy-story-5-heres-what-tim-allen-says |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202083653/https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2466578/toy-story-5-heres-what-tim-allen-says |archive-date=December 2, 2019 |access-date=August 30, 2019 |website=[[CinemaBlend]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bonomolo |first=Cameron |date=May 26, 2019 |title=Pixar Not Ruling Out Toy Story 5 |url=https://comicbook.com/movies/2019/05/26/toy-story-4-end-disney-pixar-not-ruling-out-toy-story-5/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603231638/https://comicbook.com/movies/2019/05/26/toy-story-4-end-disney-pixar-not-ruling-out-toy-story-5/ |archive-date=June 3, 2019 |access-date=June 12, 2019 |website=[[ComicBook.com]]}}</ref><ref name="Comicbook.com">{{Cite web |last=Barnhardt |first=Adam |date=February 7, 2024 |title=Multiple Marvel Movies Missing From Disney CEO's Theatrical Schedule |url=https://comicbook.com/movies/news/blade-thunderbolts-missing-bob-iger-marvel-release-slate-earnings-call/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207223223/https://comicbook.com/movies/news/blade-thunderbolts-missing-bob-iger-marvel-release-slate-earnings-call/ |archive-date=February 7, 2024 |access-date=February 7, 2024 |website=[[ComicBook.com]]}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | Untitled Walt Disney Animation Studios film | {{dts|2026|7|17}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | rowspan="2" style="background:#F3632B; " | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | Untitled Walt Disney Animation Studios film | {{dts|2026|11|25}}<ref name="DisneyAdds" /> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Ice Age 6]]'' | {{dts|2026|12|18}}<ref name="D23">{{cite news |last1=Lang |first1=Brent |title=‘Ice Age 6’ in the Works With Ray Romano, John Leguizamo, Denis Leary, Queen Latifah Returning |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/ice-age-6-ray-romano-john-leguizamo-denis-leary-queen-latifah-returning-1236205131/ |access-date=8 November 2024 |work=Variety |date=8 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Stephan |first1=Katcy |title=Disney Removes ‘Star Wars’ Movie From 2026 Slate, Replaced by ‘Ice Age 6’ |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/star-wars-removed-2026-ice-age-6-1236211852/ |website=Variety |access-date=15 November 2024 |date=15 November 2024}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | 20th Century Studios, 20th Century Animation | style="background:goldenrod;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | Untitled Pixar film | {{dts|2027|6|18}}<ref name="D'Alessandro2">{{Cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=2024-08-02 |title=Marvel Studios 2026 Title Subtracted From Release Sked, Searchlight's 'A Real Pain' Shifts |url=https://deadline.com/2024/08/marvel-studios-movie-release-blade-date-change-1236030294/ |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |language=en}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Frozen 3]]'' | {{dts|2027|11|24}}<ref name="D'Alessandro2"/><ref name="Deadline 2023-02-08"/><ref>{{Cite web|last=O'Rourke|first=Ryan|date=2023-02-08|title='Frozen 3' Announced at Disney|url=https://collider.com/frozen-3-disney/ |website=Collider |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Comicbook.com" /><ref name="HoppersReleaseDate" /> | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | rowspan="2" style="background:#F3632B; " | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | [[Frozen 4|Untitled fourth ''Frozen'' film]] | TBA<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=November 16, 2023 |title=''Frozen 4'' in the Works at Disney, Bob Iger Reveals |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/news/frozen-4-confirmed-disney-bob-iger-1235792515/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116193813/https://variety.com/2023/film/news/frozen-4-confirmed-disney-bob-iger-1235792515/ |archive-date=November 16, 2023 |access-date=November 16, 2023 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Incredibles 2#Sequel|Incredibles 3]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=August 9, 2024 |title=''Incredibles 3'' Announced At D23, Brad Bird Returning To Direct |url=https://deadline.com/2024/08/incredibles-3-brad-bird-1236036445/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810030304/https://deadline.com/2024/08/incredibles-3-brad-bird-1236036445/ |archive-date=August 10, 2024 |access-date=October 29, 2024 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> | TBA | style="text-align:center;" | Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |} === US produced films distributed by Miramax === {{See also|Miramax}}<!--Please note that although unlike the first list, this list is for films produced primarily by a studio other than Disney; films in this list should still have Disney involved in them.--> The following is a list of films that were released by [[Miramax|Miramax Films]] when the studio was a subsidiary of Disney at the time of release. Neither of these films is officially recognized as Disney films, as they were from pre-existing distribution deals before Disney's acquisition of Miramax, and Disney sold Miramax to [[Filmyard Holdings]] in 2010.<ref name="d23.com"/> {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="width:51em" |- ! style="width:15em" | Film ! style="width:15em" | Date of original U.S. release ! style="width:15em" | Produced by ! style="width:3em" | Notes |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Tom and Jerry: The Movie]]'' | {{dts|1993|7|30}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|1992|10|01}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | [[Turner Entertainment]], [[Warner Music Group|WMG Film]], [[Wang Film Productions]] and [[Film Roman]] || |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Thief and the Cobbler]]'' (''Arabian Knight'') | {{dts|1995|8|25}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|1993|09|23}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | [[Richard Williams (animator)|Richard Williams Productions]], [[The Thief and the Cobbler|Fred Calvert Productions]] and Allied Filmmakers|| |- |} ===US produced / International releases only=== The following films were only released direct-to-video within the US. While they were given a theatrical billboard internationally, these films are not recognized by Disney's [[D23 (Disney)|D23]] as theatrical films because of a lack of US theatrical releases.<ref name="d23.com"/> {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+ |- style="color:black" ! scope="col" style="width:295px;"|Title ! scope="col" style="width:195px;"|Original theatrical release date ! colspan="2" scope="col" style="padding:0 8px; width:210px;"|Animation studio<ref group="st" name="WDAS" /> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Bambi II]]'' | {{dts|2006|1|26}} {{small|(Argentina)}} | style="text-align:center; "rowspan="4" | DisneyToon Studios | style="background:#F7F436;" rowspan="4"| &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Tinker Bell (film)|Tinker Bell]]'' | {{dts|2008|9|11}} {{small|(Argentina)}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Tinker Bell and the Lost Treasure]]'' | {{dts|2009|9|3}} {{small|(Argentina)}}<ref group="rls" name="worldwide">Also released by Disney outside North America</ref><ref group="rls" name="worldwideUS">Also released by Disney in North America</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Tinker Bell and the Great Fairy Rescue]]'' | {{dts|2010|9|23}} {{small|(Argentina)}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Phineas and Ferb the Movie: Across the 2nd Dimension]]'' | {{dts|2011|8|31}} {{small|(Spain)}} | style="text-align:center;"| Walt Disney Television Animation | style="background:purple;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Secret of the Wings]]'' | {{dts|2012|8|23}} {{small|(Argentina)}}<ref group="rls" name="worldwideUS">Also released by Disney in North America</ref> | style="text-align:center; "rowspan="3" | DisneyToon Studios | style="background:#F7F436;" rowspan="3"| &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Pirate Fairy]]'' | {{dts|2014|2|27}} {{small|(Argentina)}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Tinker Bell and the Legend of the NeverBeast]]'' | {{dts|2015|2|12}} {{small|(Argentina)}} |- |} === International productions / US releases === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+ |- style="color:black" ! scope="col" style="width:295px;"|Title ! scope="col" style="width:195px;"|Original U.S. theatrical release date<ref group="rls">Listed are the original theatrical release dates in the United States (or other non-U.S. territories) when the film was contributed by the Walt Disney Company. Different distributors are attributed and credited for distributing each film throughout the history of the Walt Disney Company. Films released before 1954 were released by [[RKO Radio Pictures]] (with the exception of ''[[Victory Through Air Power (film)|Victory Through Air Power]]'', refused. by RKO and then released by [[United Artists]]); films released after 1955 were released by Disney-owned [[Buena Vista Distribution]] and through its current name [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (since 2007); and films released after 1985 are co-credited with [[Walt Disney Pictures]].</ref><!-- U.S. Theatrical Release Date only--> ! colspan="2" scope="col" style="padding:0 8px; width:210px;"|Animation studio<ref group="st" name="WDAS" /> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Spirited Away]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} | <!-- U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2002|9|20}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|2001|7|20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Pineda|first1=Rafael Antonio|title=Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba Film Is 1st Since Spirited Away to Earn 30 Billion Yen|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-12-13/demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-film-is-1st-since-spirited-away-to-earn-30-billion-yen/.167411|access-date=15 December 2020|work=[[Anime News Network]]|date=13 December 2020 |archive-date=15 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215060726/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-12-13/demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-film-is-1st-since-spirited-away-to-earn-30-billion-yen/.167411 |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"| [[Studio Ghibli]] | style="background:white;" rowspan="8" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Howl's Moving Castle (film)|Howl's Moving Castle]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} | <!-- U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2005|6|10}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|2004|11|20}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Ponyo]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} |<!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2009|8|14}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|2008|7|19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jMHO-3HqYRcOGOQM_zvYhipP2F1w |publisher=AFP |title=Animator Miyazaki's new film hits screens in Japan |access-date=July 19, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080801094304/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jMHO-3HqYRcOGOQM_zvYhipP2F1w |archive-date=August 1, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/features/arts/20080718TDY16001.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120530180710/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/features/arts/20080718TDY16001.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 30, 2012 |title='Ponyo' a taste of magic |publisher=Daily Yomiuri Online |access-date=July 19, 2008}}</ref><!--This dead link can not be retrieved/replaced by using Wayback Internet Archive--><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.varietyjapan.com/news/movie_dom/2k1u7d0000066m7o.html |publisher=Variety Japan |title=『崖の上のポニョ』"千尋超え"目指し順風な船出 |access-date=July 21, 2008 |archive-date=September 7, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907074627/http://www.varietyjapan.com/news/movie_dom/2k1u7d0000066m7o.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Variety Asia">{{cite web |title="Ponyo" opening leaves room for debate |url=http://www.varietyasiaonline.com/content/view/6515/1/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726003800/http://www.varietyasiaonline.com/content/view/6515/1/ |archive-date=July 26, 2008 |access-date=July 22, 2008 |publisher=Variety Asia}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Tales from Earthsea (film)|Tales from Earthsea]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2010|8|13}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|2006|7|29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=歴代興収ベスト100|trans-title=All-time box office top 100|website=CINEMAランキング通信|publisher=[[:ja:興行通信社|Kogyo Tsushinsha]]|url=http://www.kogyotsushin.com/archives/alltime/|language=ja|access-date=29 November 2020|archive-date=9 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709055959/http://www.kogyotsushin.com/archives/alltime/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Loo|first=Egan|title=Spirited Away, 3 Other Ghibli Films' Box Office Totals Rose Due to This Year's Revival Screenings|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-12-15/spirited-away-3-other-ghibli-films-box-office-totals-rose-due-to-this-year-revival-screenings/.167459|access-date=22 December 2020|work=[[Anime News Network]]|date=15 December 2020|archive-date=27 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727062431/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-12-15/spirited-away-3-other-ghibli-films-box-office-totals-rose-due-to-this-year-revival-screenings/.167459|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"| Studio Ghibli<ref group="st" name="Touchstone">Released under the [[Touchstone Pictures]] label.</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Arrietty|The Secret World of Arrietty]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} | <!-- U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2012|2|17}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|2010|7|17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=借りぐらしのアリエッティ on moviewalker |url=http://movie.walkerplus.com/mv45931 |work=moviewalker |access-date=September 1, 2010 |language=ja |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100906012930/http://movie.walkerplus.com/mv45931/ |archive-date=September 6, 2010 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=志田未来、アリエッティのような赤ワンピースで笑顔！ 鈴木Pは『ポニョ』超え狙う |url=http://www.cinemacafe.net/news/cgi/report/2010/07/8693/ |publisher=cinemacafe |date=17 July 2010 |access-date=September 4, 2011 |language=ja |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320075009/http://www.cinemacafe.net/news/cgi/report/2010/07/8693/ |archive-date=March 20, 2012}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"| Studio Ghibli |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Wind Rises]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} | <!-- U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2014|2|21}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|2013|7|20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmbiz.asia/news/the-wind-rises-tops-2013-japan-bo|title=The Wind Rises tops 2013 Japan B.O.|author=Kevin Ma|date=1 January 2014|access-date=5 January 2014|work=[[Film Business Asia]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191843/http://www.filmbiz.asia/news/the-wind-rises-tops-2013-japan-bo|archive-date=2 January 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"| Studio Ghibli<ref group="st" name="Touchstone" /> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Secret of the Magic Gourd (2007 film)|The Secret of the Magic Gourd]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SL}} | {{dts|2007|6|29}} {{small|(China)}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[Centro Digital Pictures Limited]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Roadside Romeo]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} | {{dts|2008|10|24}} {{small|(India)}}<ref group="rls" name="worldwide">Also released by Disney outside North America</ref><ref group="rls" name="worldwideUS">Also released by Disney in North America</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | [[Yash Raj Films]]<ref group="st" name="India">Co-production with [[The Walt Disney Company India Pvt. Ltd.]]</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Arjun: The Warrior Prince]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} | {{dts|2012|5|25}} {{small|(India)}}<ref group="rls" name="worldwide" /><ref group="rls" name="worldwideUS">Also released by Disney in North America</ref> | style="text-align:center;"| [[UTV Motion Pictures]]<ref group="st" name="India" /> | style="background:gray;"| &nbsp; |- |} === International films distributed by Miramax === {{See also|Miramax}}<!--Please note that although unlike the first list, this list is for films produced primarily by a studio other than Disney; films in this list should still have Disney involved in them.--> The following is a list of films that were released by [[Miramax|Miramax Films]] when the studio was a subsidiary of Disney at the time of release. None of these films are officially recognized as Disney films due to Disney's sale of Miramax to Filmyard Holdings in 2010.<ref name="d23.com"/> {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="width:51em" |- ! style="width:15em" | Film ! style="width:15em" | Date of original U.S. release ! style="width:15em" | Produced by ! style="width:3em" | Notes |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Princess Mononoke]]'' | {{dts|1999|10|29}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|1997|07|12}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | Studio Ghibli and [[Tokuma Shoten]] ||<ref group="note" name="us">Released by Disney in North America</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Pokémon 4Ever]]'' | {{dts|2002|10|11}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|2001|07|07}}</ref> | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[The Pokémon Company]], [[Shogakukan]], [[OLM, Inc.]] and Toho Co., Ltd. ||<ref group="note" name="us" /> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Pokémon Heroes]]'' | {{dts|2003|5|16}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|2002|07|13}}</ref> | <ref group="note" name="us" /><ref group="note" name="aus-uk">Released by Disney in Australia and United Kingdom</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Renaissance (2006 film)|Paris 2054: Renaissance]]'' | {{dts|2006|9|22}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|2006|03|15}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | [[Method Animation|Onyx Films]], [[Millimages]], [[LuxAnimation]], [[Christian Volckman|Timefirm Limited]] and [[France 2|France 2 Cinéma]] ||<ref group="note" name="us" /> |} ==Highest-grossing films== :{{legend|#b6fcb6|''Background shading indicates films playing in the week commencing {{Days before now|0}} in theaters around the world''.|text={{†|alt=film currently playing}}}}<!-- Please do not remove this, or else the highlighting in the table becomes unintelligible. The date is set to update every Friday according to UTC time. --> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Rank !! Film !! Worldwide gross !! Studio !! Year !! Ref. |- ! 1 | style="background:#b6fcb6;" | ''[[Inside Out 2]]'' {{†|alt=film currently playing}} || $1,690,701,370 || [[Pixar]] || 2024 || <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Inside-Out-2-(2024) | title=Inside Out 2 (2024) | website=The Numbers | access-date=2024-07-03 | archive-date=2024-07-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240702211809/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Inside-Out-2-(2024)#tab=summary | url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Inside Out 2|work=Box Office Mojo|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt22022452/?ref_=bo_se_r_1|access-date=June 14, 2024}}</ref> |- ! 2 | ''[[The Lion King (2019 film)|The Lion King]]'' || $1,656,943,394 ||[[Fairview Entertainment]] || rowspan="2" scope="row" ! | 2019 || <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3321923073/ | title=The Lion King (2019) - Box Office Mojo | access-date=2019-11-22 | archive-date=2019-10-14 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014032519/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=lionkingliveaction.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! 3 | ''[[Frozen 2]]''|| $1,450,026,933 || rowspan="2" scope="row" ! | [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]] || <ref> {{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=untitleddisneyanimation3d.htm|title=Frozen II (2019)|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=January 19, 2021|archive-date=July 8, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708074921/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=untitleddisneyanimation3d.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Frozen-II-(2019)|title=Frozen II (2019)|website=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]]|access-date=February 15, 2020|archive-date=December 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230202125/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Frozen-II-(2019)|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! 4 | ''[[Frozen (2013 film)|Frozen]]''|| $1,290,000,000 || 2013 || | <ref>{{cite web |title= Frozen (2013) "-" Box Office Mojo by IMDbPro |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt2294629/ |website=boxofficemojo.com |publisher=Box Office Mojo |access-date=3 December 2023}}</ref><ref name="frozen">''Frozen'' *{{cite web |title=Frozen (2013) – International Box Office Results |work=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=frozen2013.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809232736/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=frozen2013.htm |archive-date=August 9, 2014 |quote=Worldwide – $1,282,147,791 (total as of August 8, 2014; including Japanese gross up to August 3, Spain gross up to July 27 and omitting Nigerian gross) }} *{{cite web |title=Frozen (2013) – International Box Office Results: Japan |work=Box Office Mojo |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=JP&id=frozen2013.htm |access-date=September 3, 2014 |archive-date=September 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915121752/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=JP&id=frozen2013.htm |url-status=live }} ::Total as of August 3, 2014: $247,650,477 ::Total as of August 31, 2014: $249,036,646 *{{cite web |title=Frozen (2013) – International Box Office Results: Spain |work=Box Office Mojo |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=ES&id=frozen2013.htm |access-date=November 6, 2014 |archive-date=October 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019235513/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=ES&id=frozen2013.htm |url-status=live }} ::Total as of July 27, 2014: $21,668,593 ::Total as of November 2, 2014: $22,492,845 *{{cite web |title=Frozen (2013) – International Box Office Results: Nigeria |work=Box Office Mojo |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=NG&id=frozen2013.htm |access-date=September 3, 2014 |archive-date=September 5, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905095356/http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=NG&id=frozen2013.htm |url-status=live }} ::Total as of August 17, 2014: $167,333 *{{cite web |title=Frozen (2013) – International Box Office Results: United Kingdom |work=Box Office Mojo |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=UK&id=frozen2013.htm |access-date=January 24, 2015 |archive-date=October 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019235442/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=UK&id=frozen2013.htm |url-status=live }} ::Total as of June 8, 2014: £39,090,985 ::Total as of November 30, 2014: £40,960,083 ($1 = £0.63866) ::Total as of December 7, 2014: £41,087,765 ($1 = £0.64136) ::Total as of December 14, 2014: £41,170,608 ($1 = £0.636) ::Total as of November 26, 2017: £42,840,559 ($1 = £0.7497) ::Total as of December 3, 2017: £42,976,318 ($1 = £0.742) *{{cite web |title=Frozen (2013) – International Box Office Results: Germany |work=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=DE&id=frozen2013.htm |access-date=March 30, 2016 |archive-date=March 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322011348/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=DE&id=frozen2013.htm |url-status=live }} ::Total as of March 30, 2014: €35,098,170 ::Total as of October 18, 2015: €42,526,744 :::nb. the exact euro to dollar conversion rate is unknown for earnings since April 2014, but the euro never fell below parity with the dollar during 2014 and 2015 (as can be verified by comparing the exchange rate on the individual date entries at the provided reference) so an approximate conversion rate of €1:$1 is used here to give a lower-bound. </ref> |- ! 5 | ''[[Incredibles 2]]''|| $1,242,805,968 || rowspan="4" scope="row" ! | [[Pixar]] || 2018 || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=theincredibles2.htm|title=Incredibles 2 (2018) - Box Office Mojo|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=2019-03-26|archive-date=2017-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812091644/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=theincredibles2.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! 6 | ''[[Toy Story 4]]''|| $1,073,394,593 || 2019 || <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3798500865/ | title=Toy Story 4 |website=Box Office Mojo | access-date=2019-11-22 | archive-date=2019-12-14 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214124143/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3798500865/ | url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! 7 | ''[[Toy Story 3]]''|| $1,066,969,703 || 2010 || <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=toystory3.htm | title=Toy Story 3 (2010) |website=Box Office Mojo | access-date=2019-03-23 | archive-date=2016-08-21 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821162246/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=toystory3.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! 8 | ''[[Finding Dory]]''|| $1,028,570,889 || rowspan="2" scope="row" ! | 2016 || <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=pixar2015.htm | title=Finding Dory (2019) |website=Box Office Mojo | access-date=2019-03-23 | archive-date=2017-04-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425213321/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=pixar2015.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! 9 | ''[[Zootopia]]''|| $1,023,784,195 || rowspan="2" scope="row" ! | [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]]||<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=disney2016.htm | title=Zootopia (2016) |website=Box Office Mojo | access-date=2019-03-23 | archive-date=2017-05-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528042942/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=disney2016.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! 10 | ''[[The Lion King]]'' || $978,996,133 || 1994 || <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=lionking.htm | title=The Lion King (1994) |website=Box Office Mojo | access-date=2019-03-23 | archive-date=2009-05-17 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090517125117/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=lionking.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> |} ==Related pages== * [[Pixar]] * [[List of Disney characters]] == References == {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==References== {{Reflist|group=note}} {{reflist|group=group=}} '''Release Notes''' {{notelist}} {{Reflist|group=rls}} '''Studio/Production Notes''' {{Reflist|group=st|refs= <ref group="st" name="WDAS">Animated films that are listed as produced by '''Walt Disney''' were either entirely produced prior to 1986 as part of the animation department of [[The Walt Disney Company|Walt Disney Productions]] or by the restructured studio unit '''Walt Disney Feature Animation''', known after 2006 as '''[[Walt Disney Animation Studios]]'''. Some films may have been animated at various [[Animation studios owned by The Walt Disney Company|satellite animation studios]] as well. {{cite web|title=Walt Disney Animated Films - History|url=http://www.disneyanimation.com/studio/history|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130121160130/http://www.disneyanimation.com/studio/history|archive-date=2013-01-21|publisher=Walt Disney Animation Studios}}</ref> }} '''Studio Ghibli films original release dates''' {{Reflist|group=sg}} == Other websites == * [https://archive.today/20130121160130/http://www.disneyanimation.com/studio/history Walt Disney Animation Studios History] * {{bcdb |Walt_Disney_Studios/Feature_Films/ |Walt Disney Studios: Feature Films }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Disney animated movies}} [[Category:Lists of movies]] [[Category:Disney animated movies|*]] [[Category:Disney-related lists|*]] 452f5cfqebc3f60m7ncypltlormc2sz 10368022 10368021 2025-07-02T17:57:56Z NewAnimationMan 1014857 10368022 wikitext text/x-wiki Below is a list of [[animation|animated]] [[movie]]s from [[Walt Disney Pictures]]/[[The Walt Disney Company]]. For a list of [[live-action]] movies from the company, see [[List of Disney movies]]. The following is a list of movies which are said to be produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios (formerly Walt Disney Productions, between 1937 and 1985 and Walt Disney Feature Animation between 1986 and 2006). They are also known as the Disney Canon. The canon includes animated movies that were or are being [[production|produced]] entirely by Walt Disney Animation Studios. Movies which are not part of the canon are movies which include both animation and [[live-action]], [[spin-off]]s from Disney [[television programme|television programs]], the direct-to-video movies produced by the [[DisneyToon Studios|DisneyToons]] [[studio]] in [[Australia]] (some of which received [[movie theater|theatrical]] releases), or the [[Pixar]] movies (which Disney "presents" but does not produce). ==Films== <!--- Please don't add colors for Studio Ghibli films, as it's a third-party studio and Disney has never owned more than 10% in the company. Please don't re-add the Academy Award Review of Walt Disney Cartoons its a compilation film, with no original bridge animation. ---> {| class="wikitable" |+ Color legend |- |Walt Disney Productions (1937–1985)<br />Walt Disney Feature Animation (1986–2006)<br />[[Walt Disney Animation Studios]] (2007–present) | style="background:#F3632B; " | &nbsp; |- |[[Pixar|Pixar Animation Studios]] (1995–present) | style="background:blue; " | &nbsp; |- |20th Century Fox Animation (2019–2020)<br>[[20th Century Animation]] (2020–present) | style="background:goldenrod; " | &nbsp; |- |Disney MovieToons (1990–2002)<br />[[Disneytoon Studios]] (2003–2014) | style="background:#F7F436; " | &nbsp; |- |[[Disney Television Animation|Walt Disney Television Animation]] (1999–2004) | style="background:purple; " | &nbsp; |- |Other Disney studio | style="background:gray; " | &nbsp; |- |Third-party studio | style="background:white; " | &nbsp; |- ! colspan="2" | |- |[[List of films with live action and animation|Live-action/animation]] hybrid sold as animation |{{note label|ALiveAction|SA}} |- |- |[[List of films with live action and animation|Live-action/animation]] hybrid sold as live-action |{{note label|LiveAction|SL}} |- |[[List of films with live action and animation|Live-action/animation]] hybrid sold as Documentary |{{note label|LiveAction|SD}} |- |Distribution only |{{note label|NotProduced|D}} |} === US releases / US produced === ====Released ==== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+ |- style="color:black" ! scope="col" style="width:295px;"|Title ! scope="col" style="width:195px;"|Original U.S. theatrical release date<ref group="rls">Listed are the original theatrical release dates in the United States (or other non-U.S. territories) when the film was contributed by the Walt Disney Company. Different distributors are attributed and credited for distributing each film throughout the history of the Walt Disney Company. Films released before 1954 were released by [[RKO Radio Pictures]] (with the exception of ''[[Victory Through Air Power (film)|Victory Through Air Power]]'', refused by RKO and then released by [[United Artists]]); films released after 1955 were released by Disney-owned [[Buena Vista Distribution]] and through its current name [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (since 2007); and films released after 1985 are co-credited with [[Walt Disney Pictures]].</ref><!-- U.S. Theatrical Release Date only--> ! colspan="2" scope="col" style="padding:0 8px; width:210px;"|Site<ref group="st" name="WDAS" /> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only--> {{dts|1937|12|21}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_lifetime_gross_adjusted/ |title=Top Lifetime Adjusted Grosses |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-date=February 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225230917/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_lifetime_gross_adjusted/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Highest-grossing animation at the domestic box office (inflation-adjusted) |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/highest-box-office-film-gross-for-an-animation-inflation-adjusted |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=Guinness World Records |language=en-gb |archive-date=March 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306230504/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/highest-box-office-film-gross-for-an-animation-inflation-adjusted |url-status=live}}</ref> | rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Productions]] and [[RKO Radio Pictures]]<ref name="distributor only">distributor only</ref> | rowspan="33" style="background:#F3632B;" | |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Pinocchio (1940 film)|Pinocchio]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only--> {{dts|1940|2|7}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Nugent|first=Frank S.|date=February 8, 1940|title=The Screen in Review; 'Pinocchio,' Walt Disney's Long-Awaited Successor to 'Snow White,' Has Its Premiere at the Center Theatre|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1940/02/08/archives/the-screen-in-review-pinocchio-walt-disneys-longawaited-successor.html|access-date=February 25, 2014|archive-date=October 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025110233/https://www.nytimes.com/1940/02/08/archives/the-screen-in-review-pinocchio-walt-disneys-longawaited-successor.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Fantasia (movie)|Fantasia]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only--> {{dts|1940|11|13}}<ref group="rls">Originally distributed by Walt Disney Productions. Original RKO date of release was {{dts|January 29, 1941|}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Box Office Mojo |id=0032455 |title=Fantasia |access-date=January 10, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite The Numbers |id=Fantasia |title=Fantasia |access-date=January 10, 2022}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Reluctant Dragon (movie)|The Reluctant Dragon]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1941|6|20}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Richard B. Jewell's RKO film grosses, 1929–51: The C. J. Trevlin Ledger: A comment. |publisher=Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, Volume 14, Issue 1, 1994.}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Dumbo]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1941|10|23}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Dumbo|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=dumbo.htm|access-date=January 5, 2012|archive-date=December 9, 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121209111153/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=dumbo.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Bambi]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1942|8|13}}<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://archive.org/stream/variety149-1943-01#page/n57/mode/1up|title=101 Pix Gross in Millions|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=January 6, 1943|page=58|via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Saludos Amigos]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1942|8|24}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Richard B. Jewell's RKO film grosses, 1929–51: The C. J. Trevlin Ledger: A comment. |publisher=Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, Volume 14, Issue 1, 1994.}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Victory Through Air Power (film)|Victory Through Air Power]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SD}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1943|7|17}}<ref>Markstein, Don. [http://www.toonopedia.com/airpower.htm "Victory Through Air Power."] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120917105031/http://www.toonopedia.com/airpower.htm |date=2012-09-17}} ''toonopedia.com'', Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Retrieved: May 12, 2009.</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Productions]] and [[United Artists]]<ref name="distributor only"/> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Three Caballeros]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1944|12|21}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Richard B. Jewell's RKO film grosses, 1929–51: The C. J. Trevlin Ledger: A comment. |publisher=Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, Volume 14, Issue 1, 1994.}}</ref> | rowspan="10" style="text-align:center;" | [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Productions]] and [[RKO Radio Pictures]]<ref name="distributor only"/> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Make Mine Music]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1946|4|20}}<ref>{{cite journal |title=Richard B. Jewell's RKO film grosses, 1929–51: The C. J. Trevlin Ledger: A comment.|journal=Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television|volume=14 |issue=1 |year=1994}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Song of the South]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SL}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1946|11|20}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Song-of-the-South#tab=summary|title=Song of the South (1946)|website=The Numbers|access-date=September 19, 2019|archive-date=June 12, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612092653/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Song-of-the-South#tab=summary|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Fun and Fancy Free]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1947|9|27}}<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sedgwick|first=John|title=Richard B. Jewell's RKO Film Grosses, 1929–51: The C. J. Trevlin Ledger: A comment.|journal=Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television|volume=14|issue=1|pages=51–8|year=1994|doi=10.1080/01439689400260041}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Melody Time]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1948|5|27}}<ref>{{cite web|work=Variety|title=109 Million Techni Sked|url=https://archive.org/stream/variety169-1948-02#page/n133/mode/1up|page=14|date=February 18, 1948}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[So Dear to My Heart]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SL}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1948|11|29}}<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://archive.org/stream/variety169-1948-02#page/n126/mode/1up |title=109-Million Investment by H'Wood in Current Technicolor Features |magazine=Variety |date=February 18, 1948 |page=7}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Richard B. Jewell's RKO film grosses, 1929–51: The C. J. Trevlin Ledger: A comment. |publisher=Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, Volume 14, Issue 1, 1994. Domestic earnings $2.2 million; Foreign earnings $575,000}}</ref><ref name="1964reissue">"Big Rental Pictures of 1964", ''Variety'', January 6, 1965, p. 39. 1964 revenue anticipation: $1.5 million</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1949|10|5}}<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sedgwick|first=John|title=Richard B. Jewell's RKO Film Grosses, 1929–51: The C. J. Trevlin Ledger: A comment.|journal=Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television|volume=14|issue=1|pages=51–8|year=1994|doi=10.1080/01439689400260041}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Cinderella (1950 film)|Cinderella]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1950|2|15}}<ref>{{cite magazine |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |title=Cartoon Coffers – Top-Grossing Disney Animated Features at the Worldwide B.O. |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Tooned+in%3A+Disney%27s+ani+classics+set+the+bar+and+lit+the+way+for...-a0110473946 |date=October 27, 2003 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |page=6 |access-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-date=November 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104215642/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Tooned+in%3a+Disney%27s+ani+classics+set+the+bar+and+lit+the+way+for...-a0110473946 |url-status=live |via=TheFreeLibrary.com}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Alice in Wonderland (1951 film)|Alice in Wonderland]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1951|7|28}}<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The Top Box Office Hits of 1951|url=https://archive.org/stream/variety185-1952-01#page/n69/mode/2up/|magazine=Variety|page=70|date=January 2, 1952|access-date=June 25, 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Peter Pan (1953 film)|Peter Pan]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1953|2|5}}<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|page=1|last=Tusher|first=William|title=Disney's Evergreen Gold Mine|date=September 4, 1969}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Lady and the Tramp]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1955|6|22}}<ref>{{cite news|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|title=Disney Animated Features at the Worldwide Box Office|date=October 27, 2003}}</ref> | rowspan="13" style="text-align:center;" | [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Productions]] and [[Buena Vista Film Distribution]]<ref>distributor label founded by Walt Disney</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Sleeping Beauty (1959 film)|Sleeping Beauty]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1959|1|29}}<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://archive.org/details/variety221-1961-01/page/n47 |title=All-Time Top Grossers |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |page=49 |via=[[Internet Archive]] |date=January 4, 1961 |access-date=October 3, 2019}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[One Hundred and One Dalmatians]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1961|1|25}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Thomas |first=Bob |title=Walt Disney: An American Original |edition=2nd |publisher=Disney Editions |isbn=978-0786860272 |page=295 |date=April 22, 1994}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Sword in the Stone (1963 film)|The Sword in the Stone]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1963|12|25}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Thomas|first=Bob|author-link=Bob Thomas (reporter)|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1798&dat=19631101&id=LxQhAAAAIBAJ&pg=3775,126269&hl=en|title=Walt Disney Eyes New Movie Cartoon|work=[[Sarasota Journal]]|page=22|date=November 1, 1963|access-date=June 5, 2016|via=[[Google News Archive]]|archive-date=November 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117163849/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1798&dat=19631101&id=LxQhAAAAIBAJ&pg=3775,126269&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Mary Poppins (film)|Mary Poppins]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SL}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1964|8|27}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedigitalbits.com/columns/history-legacy--showmanship/mary-poppins-50th-anniv|title=Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious: Remembering "Mary Poppins" on its 50th Anniversary|author=Michael Coate|work=thedigitalbits.com|access-date=February 16, 2015|archive-date=December 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202070754/http://www.thedigitalbits.com/columns/history-legacy--showmanship/mary-poppins-50th-anniv|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1964/0MAPO.php|title=Box Office Information for ''Mary Poppins''|publisher=The Numbers|access-date=March 5, 2013|archive-date=February 1, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201044717/http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1964/0MAPO.php|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Hillier|first1=Jim|last2=Pye|first2=Doug|title=100 Film Musicals|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MWsdBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA136|date=May 24, 2011|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-84457-568-8 |page=136}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Steinberg|first1=Cobbett|title=Film Facts|url=https://archive.org/details/filmfacts00cobb_mc3|url-access=registration|year=1980|publisher=Facts on File, Inc.|location=New York|isbn=0-87196-313-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/filmfacts00cobb_mc3/page/25 25]}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Jungle Book (1967 film)|The Jungle Book]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1967|10|18}}<ref>{{cite magazine |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |title=Cartoon Coffers – Top-Grossing Disney Animated Features at the Worldwide B.O. |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Tooned+in%3A+Disney%27s+ani+classics+set+the+bar+and+lit+the+way+for...-a0110473946 |date=October 27, 2003 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |page=6 |archive-date=November 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104215642/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Tooned+in%3a+Disney%27s+ani+classics+set+the+bar+and+lit+the+way+for...-a0110473946 |url-status=live |via=TheFreeLibrary.com}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Aristocats]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1970|12|24}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Scott|first=Vernon|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42762710/the_logansport_press/|title=News from Hollywood|newspaper=[[Pharos-Tribune|The Logansport Press]]|page=6|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|date=February 17, 1971|access-date=January 21, 2020|archive-date=February 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218002302/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42762710/the-logansport-press/|url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Bedknobs and Broomsticks]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SL}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1971|10|7}}<ref>{{cite news |last=Smith |first=Cecil |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/166050539/ |title=Disney studios: it's a hardly a Mickey Mouse operation |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url-access=subscription |date=March 22, 1970 |access-date=July 17, 2018 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |archive-date=June 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620221120/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/166050539/ |url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Robin Hood (1973 film)|Robin Hood]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1973|11|8}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Huddy|first=John|title=Disney Coming Out with "Robin Hood"|newspaper=[[The Blade (Toledo, Ohio)|Toledo Blade]]|date=November 7, 1973|access-date=August 11, 2016|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19731107&id=EClPAAAAIBAJ&pg=7067,2963977&hl=en|via=Google News Archive|archive-date=April 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422071122/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19731107&id=EClPAAAAIBAJ&pg=7067,2963977&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1977|3|11}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/10top10.pdf?docID=381&AddInterest=1781 |title=AFI's 10 Top 10 Nominees |format=PDF |access-date=2016-08-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716071937/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/10top10.pdf?docID=381&AddInterest=1781 |archive-date=2011-07-16}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Rescuers]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1977|6|22}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Film Reviews: The Rescuers|magazine=Variety|url=https://variety.com/1976/film/reviews/the-rescuers-2-1200423850/|date=June 15, 1977|access-date=February 12, 2016|archive-date=August 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828023451/https://variety.com/1976/film/reviews/the-rescuers-2-1200423850/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Pete's Dragon (1977 film)|Pete's Dragon]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SL}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1977|11|3}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1977/0PEDR.php |publisher=The Numbers |title=Pete's Dragon, Box Office Information |access-date=January 29, 2012 |archive-date=August 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813041834/http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1977/0PEDR.php |url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Fox and the Hound]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1981|7|10}}<ref>{{cite web|title=The Fox and the Hound (1981)|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0082406/|access-date=September 20, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027192122/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0082406/|archive-date=October 27, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title=Forest Friendship|first=David|last=Ansen|magazine=[[Newsweek]]|date=July 13, 1981|page=81}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Black Cauldron (film)|The Black Cauldron]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1985|7|24}}<ref>{{cite web |title=The Black Cauldron (1985) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0088814/?ref_=bo_se_r_1 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=October 23, 2010 |archive-date=October 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026031855/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0088814/?ref_=bo_se_r_1 |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | [[Walt Disney Pictures]], Walt Disney Productions and [[Silver Screen Partners|Silver Screen Partners II]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Great Mouse Detective]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1986|7|2}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=greatmousedetective.htm|title=Box office information for ''The Great Mouse Detective''|publisher=[[IMDb]]|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=May 1, 2010|archive-date=December 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203134523/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=greatmousedetective.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation and Silver Screen Partners II |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Who Framed Roger Rabbit]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1988|6|22}}<ref>{{cite web |title=The Numbers: Who Framed Roger Rabbit? (1988) |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Who-Framed-Roger-Rabbit#tab=international |website=The Numbers |publisher=Nash Information Services |access-date=1 July 2022 |ref=box office |archive-date=1 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701045718/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Who-Framed-Roger-Rabbit#tab=international |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | [[Touchstone Pictures]],<ref name="Released under the label">Released under the label.</ref> [[Amblin Entertainment]] and Silver Screen Partners III<ref>Copyrighted to Touchstone Pictures & Amblin Entertainment</ref> | style="background:gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Oliver & Company]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1988|11|18}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://powergrid.thewrap.com/project/oliver-company|title=Oliver & Company (1988)|publisher=[[The Wrap]]|access-date=December 14, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220223925/http://powergrid.thewrap.com/project/oliver-company|archive-date=December 20, 2016}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation and Silver Screen Partners III | rowspan="2" style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1989|11|17}}<ref>{{cite book|last=Stewart|first=James B.|url=https://archive.org/details/disneywar00jame_0|title=DisneyWar|page=104|year=2005|publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]|location=New York|url-access=registration|isbn=0-684-80993-1|author-link=James B. Stewart}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Little Mermaid (1989) – Box Office Summary|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=littlemermaid.htm|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=September 7, 2018|archive-date=July 31, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731031530/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=littlemermaid.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation and Silver Screen Partners IV |- ! scope="row" | ''[[DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1990|8|3}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/MovieDetails/58484 |title=DuckTales The Movie: Treasure Of The Lost Lamp (1990) |publisher=AFI |access-date=April 26, 2020 |archive-date=September 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923072708/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/58484 |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, [[Disneytoon Studios|Disney MovieToons]] | style="background:#F7F436;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Rescuers Down Under]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1990|11|16}}<ref>{{cite web |title=The Rescuers Down Under (1990) |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rescuers-Down-Under-The#tab=summary |website=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |access-date=March 28, 2016 |archive-date=June 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612135642/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rescuers-Down-Under-The#tab=summary |url-status=live}}</ref> | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation and Silver Screen Partners IV | style="background:#F3632B;" rowspan="3" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1991|11|22}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?yr=1991&p=.htm|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|title=1991 DOMESTIC GROSSES|access-date=October 6, 2011|archive-date=November 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106181314/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?yr=1991|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Aladdin (1992 movie)|Aladdin]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1992|11|25}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=aladdin.htm |title=Aladdin (1992) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=March 17, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215092824/http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=aladdin.htm |archive-date=February 15, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Nightmare Before Christmas]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1993|10|29}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0107688/ |title=Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993) |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-date=November 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101214612/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0107688/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Touchstone Pictures]],<ref name="Released under the label"/> [[Skellington Productions]] | style="background:gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Lion King]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1994|6|24}}<ref>{{cite web |first=Brad |last=Brevert |title='X-Men' & 'Alice' Lead Soft Memorial Day Weekend; Disney Tops $4&nbsp;Billion Worldwide |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed3093300228/ |date=May 29, 2016 |access-date=January 28, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-date=August 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814104414/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=4191}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[A Goofy Movie]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1995|4|7}}<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=February 19, 1996|page=1|last=Klady|first=Leonard|title=B.O. with a vengeance: $9.1 billion worldwide}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Disney MovieToons | style="background:#F7F436;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Pocahontas (1995 film)|Pocahontas]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1995|6|23}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Pocahontas#tab=summary|title=Pocahontas (1995) – Financial Information|work=The Numbers|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=November 22, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122223606/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Pocahontas#tab=summary|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Toy Story]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1995|11|22}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1995/09/18/206099/index.htm |work=CNN|title=Steve Jobs' Amazing Movie Adventure Disney Is Betting on Computerdom's Ex-Boy Wonder To Deliver This Year's Animated Christmas Blockbuster. Can He Do For Hollywood What He Did For Silicon Valley? |first=Brent |last=Schlender |date=September 18, 1995|access-date=March 12, 2009|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120604153134/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1995/09/18/206099/index.htm|archive-date=June 4, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, [[Pixar|Pixar Animation Studios]] | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[James and the Giant Peach (film)|James and the Giant Peach]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1996|4|12}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0116683/?ref_=bo_rl_ti|title=James and the Giant Peach|access-date=2022-11-07|archive-date=2022-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107190116/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0116683/?ref_=bo_rl_ti|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/James-and-the-Giant-Peach#tab=summary|title=James and the Giant Peach (1996) – Financial Information|access-date=2022-11-07|archive-date=2018-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303164751/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/James-and-the-Giant-Peach#tab=summary|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, [[Allied Filmmakers]] and Skellington Productions<ref group="st" name="Skellington Productions">Released by Walt Disney Pictures.</ref> | style="background:gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)|The Hunchback of Notre Dame]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1996|6|21}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bates |first1=James |last2=Apodaca |first2=Patrice |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-06-20-mn-16693-story.html |title=Stalking the King of Animation |work=Los Angeles Times |date=June 20, 1996 |access-date=June 21, 2021 |archive-date=June 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204007/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-06-20-mn-16693-story.html |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation | style="background:#F3632B;" rowspan="3" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Hercules (1997 film)|Hercules]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1997|6|27}} <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1997/06/26/humorous-hercules-has-strong-potential/|title=Humorous 'Hercules' Has Strong Potential|last=Shenot|first=Christine|date=June 26, 1997|access-date=August 18, 2015|newspaper=Orlando Sentinel|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304204721/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1997-06-26/business/9706251217_1_hercules-walt-disney-disney-animation|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Mulan (1998 film)|Mulan]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1998|6|19}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Mulan-(1998)#tab=summary|work=The-Numbers|publisher=Nash Information Services|title=Mulan|access-date=May 25, 2022|archive-date=June 27, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120627002530/http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1998/MULAN.php|url-status=live}}</ref> |style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, [[Walt Disney Feature Animation Florida]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[A Bug's Life]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1998|11|25}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1998/12/14/star-trek-squashes-bug-s-life-at-box-office/|title='Star Trek' squashes "Bug's Life' at box office|work=[[The Tampa Bay Times]]|date=December 14, 1998|access-date=October 30, 2022|archive-date=October 11, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011150552/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1998/12/14/star-trek-squashes-bug-s-life-at-box-office/|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Doug's 1st Movie]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1999|3|26}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.screenit.com/movies/1999/dougs_1st_movie.html |title=DOUG'S 1ST MOVIE |website=screenit.com |access-date=2008-04-03 |archive-date=2008-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080417203955/http://www.screenit.com/movies/1999/dougs_1st_movie.html |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, [[Disney Television Animation|Walt Disney Television Animation]] and [[List of animation studios owned by The Walt Disney Company#Jumbo Pictures|Jumbo Pictures]]<ref>Copyrighted to Jumbo Pictures</ref> | style="background:purple;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Tarzan (1999 film)|Tarzan]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1999|6|18}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Gauging the Heat of Competition as Post-'Menace' Season Begins|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jun-11-fi-45276-story.html|last=Eller|first=Claudia|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=June 11, 1999|access-date=September 11, 2015|url-access=limited|archive-date=February 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216195111/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jun-11-fi-45276-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Toy Story 2]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1999|11|24}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Toy Story 2' dominates U.S. box office |url=https://www.upi.com/amp/Archives/1999/11/28/Toy-Story-2-dominates-US-box-office/7906943765200/ |access-date=22 February 2022 |work=[[United Press International]] |date=28 November 1999 |archive-date=February 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222022213/https://www.upi.com/amp/Archives/1999/11/28/Toy-Story-2-dominates-US-box-office/7906943765200/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Fantasia 2000]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} |<!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|1999|12|17}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=fantasia2000.htm|title=Fantasia 2000 (35mm & IMAX)|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=May 5, 2011|archive-date=June 7, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607062913/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=fantasia2000.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Tigger Movie]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2000|2|11}}<ref>{{cite news|last1=Orwall|first1=Bruce|title=Disney Hopes to Get Its 'Groove' Back in Suffering Family Films|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB976751561781373735|access-date=September 11, 2015|work=The Walt Street Journal|date=December 14, 2000|quote=February's "The Tigger Movie," produced for a bargain-basement $15 million,...|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705095316/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB976751561781373735|archive-date=July 5, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Natale|first1=Richard|title=Moviegoing's Much More Than a 'Scream'|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-feb-14-ca-64124-story.html|access-date=September 11, 2015|work=Los Angeles Times|date=February 14, 2000|quote=The low-budget ($15-million) "Tigger"...|url-status=live|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20150911125005/http://articles.latimes.com/2000/feb/14/entertainment/ca-64124|archive-date=September 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Tigger Movie (2000) - Financial Information |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Tigger-Movie-The#tab=summary |website=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |quote=$20 million |access-date=2022-11-05 |archive-date=2022-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105220658/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Tigger-Movie-The#tab=summary |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Television Animation and [[List of animation studios owned by The Walt Disney Company#Disney Animation Japan|Walt Disney Animation Japan]] | style="background:purple;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Dinosaur (movie)|Dinosaur]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2000|5|19}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Natale|first=Richard|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-may-22-ca-32653-story.html|title='Dinosaur' Gets a Colossal Jump on Summer|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=May 22, 2000|access-date=July 16, 2019|archive-date=June 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614042411/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-may-22-ca-32653-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation and [[List of animation studios owned by The Walt Disney Company#The Secret Lab|The Secret Lab]] | style="background:#F3632B;" rowspan="2" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Emperor's New Groove]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2000|12|15}} <ref>{{cite news |last=Strauss |first=Bob |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/UNBRIDLED+ENTHUSIASM+CAN+DREAMWORKS%27+JEFFREY+KATZENBERG+REINVENT+THE...-a086402195 |title=Unbridled Enthusiasm: Can DreamWorks' Jeffrey Katzenberg Reinvent The CG-Animated Film? |work=Los Angeles Daily News |via=The Free Library |date=May 26, 2002 |access-date=February 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224113146/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/UNBRIDLED+ENTHUSIASM+CAN+DREAMWORKS%27+JEFFREY+KATZENBERG+REINVENT+THE...-a086402195 |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Hernandez |first=Greg |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/DISNEY+JUGGLES+AFTER+FAILURE+%27TREASURE+PLANET%27+SINKS+SCHUMACHER.-a096189053 |title=Disney Juggles After Failure 'Treasure Planet' Sinks Schumacher |work=Los Angeles Daily News |via=The Free Library |date=January 4, 2003 |access-date=February 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224113148/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/DISNEY+JUGGLES+AFTER+FAILURE+%27TREASURE+PLANET%27+SINKS+SCHUMACHER.-a096189053 |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="polygon 2020">{{cite web |url=https://www.polygon.com/2020/6/24/21301603/the-emperors-new-groove-streaming-disney-david-spade-john-goodman-eartha-kitt |title=Torn apart in production, The Emperor's New Groove came out at exactly the wrong time |first=Petrana |last=Radulovic |date=June 24, 2020 |access-date=June 24, 2020 |work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |archive-date=July 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720205053/https://www.polygon.com/2020/6/24/21301603/the-emperors-new-groove-streaming-disney-david-spade-john-goodman-eartha-kitt |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Recess: School's Out]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2001|2|16}} <ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |title=Recess School's Out (2001) |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=recessschoolsout.htm |access-date=2015-01-26 |archive-date=2016-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160627150634/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=recessschoolsout.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Television Animation and [[Paul Germain|Paul]] & [[Joe Ansolabehere|Joe]] Productions | style="background:purple;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Atlantis: The Lost Empire]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2001|6|15}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movies/2001/ATLNS.php|work=The-Numbers|publisher=Nash Information Services|title=Atlantis: The Lost Empire|access-date=January 6, 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220140352/http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/2001/ATLNS.php|archive-date=December 20, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Suddenly, High Stakes for Disney's Film and TV Businesses|first1=Rick|last1=Lyman|first2=Geraldine|last2=Fabrikant|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/21/business/21FILM.html?pagewanted=all|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 21, 2001|access-date=July 4, 2011|quote=Besides, Disney executives maintain that they have made it easier for their animated features to break even by a cost-cutting campaign that made ''Atlantis'', which cost $100 million, about 35 percent cheaper to produce than the studio's other recent animated efforts.|archive-date=January 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140128231928/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/21/business/21FILM.html?pagewanted=all|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=atlantis.htm|title=''Atlantis: The Lost Empire'' (2001)|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]|publisher=Amazon|access-date=July 3, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606200130/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=atlantis.htm |archive-date=June 6, 2011}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation | style="background:#F3632B;| &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Monsters, Inc.]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2001|11|2}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.brainerddispatch.com/newsmd/monsters-inc-mashes-its-competition-with-record-opening|title='Monsters, Inc.' mashes its competition with record opening|date=November 8, 2001|access-date=October 30, 2022|archive-date=October 30, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030033247/https://www.brainerddispatch.com/newsmd/monsters-inc-mashes-its-competition-with-record-opening|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Return to Never Land]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2002|2|15}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/?yr=2002&wknd=07&p=.htm |title=Weekend Box Office Results for February 15-17, 2002 |work=[[Box Office Mojo]] |publisher=[[Amazon.com]] |date=February 19, 2002 |access-date=December 6, 2016 |archive-date=December 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220090204/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/?yr=2002&wknd=07&p=.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Disney MovieToons, Disney Television Animation | style="background:purple;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Lilo & Stitch]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2002|6|21}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-jun-24-et-natale24-story.html|title='Lilo,' 'Minority Report' Tussling Over Top Spot|website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=24 June 2002 |access-date=2022-11-03|archive-date=2022-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103033019/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-jun-24-et-natale24-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation Florida | style="background:#F3632B;" rowspan="2" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Treasure Planet]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2002|11|27}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Treasure Planet 2002 |date=December 6, 2002 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=treasureplanet.htm |access-date=August 10, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629125803/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=treasureplanet.htm |archive-date=June 29, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Jungle Book 2]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2003|2|14}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Weekend Box Office Results for February 14-17, 2003|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/?view=&yr=2003&wknd=07a&p=.htm|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]|publisher=[[IMDb]] (which is owned by [[Amazon.com]])|date=February 18, 2003|access-date=August 19, 2013|archive-date=December 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151215044330/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/?view=&yr=2003&wknd=07a&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |Walt Disney Pictures, Disneytoon Studios | style="background:#F7F436;" rowspan="2" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Piglet's Big Movie]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2003|3|21}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://powergrid.thewrap.com/project/piglets-big-movie|title=Piglet's Big Movie (2003)|work=[[The Wrap]]|access-date=December 14, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220223937/http://powergrid.thewrap.com/project/piglets-big-movie|archive-date=December 20, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Lizzie McGuire Movie]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SL}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only--> {{dts|2003|5|2}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeprophets.com/tickermaster/listing.cfm?TMID=1097:Raise_Your_Voice|title=Raise Your Voice|website=Box Office Prophets|access-date=October 27, 2016|archive-date=October 28, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028083845/http://www.boxofficeprophets.com/tickermaster/listing.cfm?TMID=1097:Raise_Your_Voice|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, [[Stan Rogow Productions]] | style="background:gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Finding Nemo]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2003|5|30}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB105449535976066600|title='Finding Nemo' Takes Top Spot At Box Office on First Weekend|newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=June 2, 2003|access-date=October 30, 2022|archive-date=October 30, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030033229/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB105449535976066600|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Brother Bear]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2003|11|1}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://powergrid.thewrap.com/project/brother-bear|title=Brother Bear (2003)|work=[[The Wrap]]|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223063844/http://powergrid.thewrap.com/project/brother-bear|archive-date=December 23, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation Florida | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Teacher's Pet (2004 film)|Teacher's Pet]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2004|1|16}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://movies.yahoo.com/feature/delgo-worst-opening-ever.html |title=Delgo worst opening ever |publisher=Movies.Yahoo.com |access-date=March 10, 2012 |archive-date=December 19, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219082525/https://movies.yahoo.com/feature/delgo-worst-opening-ever.html |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Television Animation | style="background:purple;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Home on the Range (2004 film)|Home on the Range]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2004|4|2}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Lowe|first=R. Kinsey|title=Bad day in the barnyard|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-apr-05-et-lowe5-story.html|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=April 5, 2004|access-date=December 21, 2015|archive-date=December 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222175711/http://articles.latimes.com/2004/apr/05/entertainment/et-lowe5|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2004/film/markets-festivals/for-disney-it-s-a-season-on-the-brink-1117903177/|last=Amdur|first=Meredith|title=For Disney, it's a season on the brink|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=April 12, 2004|access-date=December 21, 2015|archive-date=December 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223015208/http://variety.com/2004/film/markets-festivals/for-disney-it-s-a-season-on-the-brink-1117903177/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Johnston|first=Lauren|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/disneys-alamo-a-box-office-bomb/|title=Disney's 'Alamo' A Box Office Bomb|work=[[CBS News]]|date=April 12, 2004|access-date=December 21, 2015|archive-date=December 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222213956/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/disneys-alamo-a-box-office-bomb/|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Incredibles]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2004|11|5}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dutka |first=Elaine |date=November 8, 2004 |title=An ''Incredibles'' Debut Of Heroic Proportions |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-nov-08-et-boxoffice8-story.html |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220114142831/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-nov-08-et-boxoffice8-story.html |archive-date=January 14, 2022 |access-date=January 14, 2022 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Pooh's Heffalump Movie]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2005|2|11}} | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Disneytoon Studios | style="background:#F7F436;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Valiant (film)|Valiant]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2005|8|19}}<ref group="rls" name="us">Released by Walt Disney Pictures in North America</ref> | style="text-align:center;"| [[Vanguard Animation]]<ref>Vanguard Animation retains the copyright</ref> and [[Ealing Studios]] | style="background: white;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Chicken Little (2005 film)|Chicken Little]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2005|11|4}} <ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=1935&p=.htm |title=Welcome to the Cluck: ''Chicken Little'', ''Jarhead'' Top Weekend |work=[[Box Office Mojo]] |first=Brandon |last=Gray |access-date=October 22, 2009 |date=November 7, 2005 |archive-date=July 28, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090728203216/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=1935&p=.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Feature Animation | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Wild]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2006|4|14}} <ref>{{cite web |title=The Wild (2006) - Financial Information |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Wild-The#tab=summary |website=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |access-date=2022-10-30 |archive-date=2022-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030031013/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Wild-The#tab=summary |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"| Walt Disney Pictures,<ref>Disney retains copyright on the film.</ref> [[C.O.R.E. Feature Animation]], Nigel Productions, Hoytyboy Pictures, Sir Zip Productions and [[Beau Flynn#Flynn Picture Company|Contrafilm]] | style="background: white;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Cars (film)|Cars]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2006|6|9}}<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Joshua |last=Rich |title=''Fast & Furious'' shatters box office records |url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/04/05/boxoffice.ew/index.html?section=cnn_latest <!-- republished at CNN.com --> |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=April 5, 2009 |access-date=April 5, 2009 |archive-date=March 25, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325112254/http://www.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/04/05/boxoffice.ew/index.html?section=cnn_latest |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Meet the Robinsons]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2007|3|30}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bombreport.com/yearly-breakdowns/2007-2/meet-the-robinsons/|title=Meet the Robinsons: 60% of the Movie was Redone|access-date=2022-10-18|archive-date=2022-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210234240/https://bombreport.com/yearly-breakdowns/2007-2/meet-the-robinsons/|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Ratatouille (film)|Ratatouille]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2007|6|29}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cieply |first1=Michael |title=It's Not a Sequel, but It Might Seem Like One After the Ads |work=The New York Times |date=April 24, 2007 |access-date=April 11, 2021 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/24/movies/24orig.html |archive-date=October 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009174030/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/24/movies/24orig.html |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Enchanted]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SL}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2007|11|21}}<ref>{{Cite magazine |first=Joshua |last=Rich |title=Audiences Gobbled Up ''Enchanted'' |url=https://ew.com/article/2007/11/27/enchanted-tops-turkey-weekend/ |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=November 25, 2007 |access-date=February 3, 2008 |archive-date=February 18, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080218044825/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20162238,00.html |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, [[Barry Josephson|Josephson Entertainment]], [[Bill Kelly (writer)|Andalasia Productions]] and [[Barry Sonnenfeld|Right Coast Productions]] | style="background:gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[WALL-E]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2008|6|27}}<ref>{{cite news|author=Brooks Barnes|title=Disney and Pixar: The Power of the Prenup|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 1, 2008|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/01/business/media/01pixar.html|access-date=January 12, 2009|archive-date=January 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129133239/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/01/business/media/01pixar.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Bolt (2008 film)|Bolt]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2008|11|21}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/?view=&yr=2008&wknd=47&p=.htm |title=Weekend Box Office Results for November 21–23, 2008 |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=November 23, 2008 |archive-date=December 18, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218221239/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/?view=&yr=2008&wknd=47&p=.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" |''[[Up (2009 film)|Up]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2009|5|29}}<ref name="DisneyFutureSlate2008" /> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[A Christmas Carol (2009 film)|A Christmas Carol]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2009|11|6}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/26/business/media/26carol.html |title=Disney Hopes ''Christmas Carol'' Lives Up to Its Blockbuster Marketing |work=The New York Times |access-date=October 25, 2009 |first=Brooks |last=Barnes |date=October 26, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125154815/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/26/business/media/26carol.html |archive-date=November 25, 2011 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, [[ImageMovers|ImageMovers Digital]]<ref name="Copyrighted to ImageMovers Digital">Copyrighted to ImageMovers Digital</ref><ref group="st" name="IM">The film studio '''ImageMovers Digital''', run by [[Robert Zemeckis]], was owned by Disney from 2007 to 2010. These films were [[Performance capture|Motion capture]] animated films.</ref> | style="background:gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Princess and the Frog]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2009|12|11}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1628177/story.jhtml|title='The Princess And The Frog' Leaps Over The Competition At The Box Office|work=MTV|publisher=[[Viacom (2005–present)|Viacom]]|author=Wigler, Josh|date=December 14, 2009|access-date=January 22, 2010|quote=[...]cost Disney $105 million to produce[...]|archive-date=November 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107204743/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1628177/princess-frog-tops-weekend-box-office.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Toy Story 3]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2010|6|18}}<ref name="DisneyFutureSlate2008">{{Cite web |last1=Hayes |first1=Dade |last2=Fritz |first2=Ben |date=April 8, 2008 |title=Disney unveils animation slate |url=https://variety.com/2008/digital/features/disney-unveils-animation-slate-1117983709/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151225094322/https://variety.com/2008/digital/features/disney-unveils-animation-slate-1117983709/ |archive-date=December 25, 2015 |access-date=December 24, 2022 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Tangled]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2010|11|24}} <ref>{{cite web|title=November 26–28, 2010 Weekend|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/?yr=2010&wknd=48&p=.htm|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 25, 2011|archive-date=June 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614163857/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/?yr=2010&wknd=48&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Overseas Total Box Office|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/intl/weekend/?yr=2010&wk=48&p=.htm|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 25, 2011|archive-date=June 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629091452/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/intl/weekend/?yr=2010&wk=48&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Gnomeo & Juliet]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2011|2|11}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Gnomeo-and-Juliet|title=Gnomeo and Juliet (2011) - Financial Information|website=The Numbers|access-date=2022-10-24|archive-date=2022-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024000018/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Gnomeo-and-Juliet|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131203003704/http://www.screened.com/gnomeo-and-juliet/16-1803/forums/ Screened Forums - Gnomeo and Juliet]</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Touchstone Pictures]],<ref>Released under the label. After Disney sold [[Miramax]] in 2010. Disney also acquired the rights to the film</ref> [[Jam Filled Entertainment|Starz Animation]] and [[Rocket Pictures]]<ref>Copyrighted to Miramax</ref> | style="background:white;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Mars Needs Moms]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2011|3|11}}<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2011/03/13/box-office-report-battle-los-angeles/ |title=Box office report: 'Battle: Los Angeles' conquers all with $36 mil |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=March 13, 2011 |access-date=February 24, 2012 |last=Young |first=John |archive-date=March 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312024424/http://insidemovies.ew.com/2011/03/13/box-office-report-battle-los-angeles/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, ImageMovers Digital<ref name="Copyrighted to ImageMovers Digital"/><ref group="st" name="IM" /> | style="background: gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Cars 2]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2011|6|24}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2011/06/movie-projector-cars-2-expected-to-sputter-to-no-1.html|title=Movie Projector: 'Cars 2' expected to sputter to No. 1 (Updated)|work=Los Angeles Times|last=Fritz|first=Ben|date=June 24, 2011|access-date=June 24, 2011|archive-date=August 26, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826002533/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2011/06/movie-projector-cars-2-expected-to-sputter-to-no-1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Winnie the Pooh (2011 film)|Winnie the Pooh]]''{{ref label|ALiveAction|SA}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2011|7|15}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Winnie the Pooh (2011) - Financial Information|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Winnie-the-Pooh|work=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]]|access-date=May 18, 2016|archive-date=January 8, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108115956/http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Winnie-the-Pooh|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" |''[[Brave (2012 film)|Brave]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2012|6|22}} <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?view2=worldwide&yr=2012&p=.htm|title=2012 Yearly Box Office Results - Box Office Mojo|work=Box Office Mojo|access-date=January 26, 2015|archive-date=April 2, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402034443/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?view2=worldwide&yr=2012&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" |''[[Frankenweenie (2012 film)|Frankenweenie]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2012|10|5}}<ref>{{cite web|first=Russ|last=Fischer|date=August 9, 2010|url=https://www.slashfilm.com/2010/08/09/disney-sets-2012-release-dates-for-john-carter-of-mars-and-frankenweenie/|title=Disney Sets 2012 Release Dates For ''John Carter of Mars'' and ''Frankenweenie''|access-date=August 4, 2011|archive-date=August 18, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818100716/http://www.slashfilm.com/2010/08/09/disney-sets-2012-release-dates-for-john-carter-of-mars-and-frankenweenie/}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, [[Tim Burton Productions]]<ref group="st" name="Skellington Productions" /> | style="background:gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Wreck-It Ralph]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2012|11|2}}<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Finke |first=Nikki |title='Skyfall' Explodes With $515M Worldwide As Biggest Bond With $90M Domestic Opening; Spielberg's 'Lincoln' Huge $900K In 11 Runs |url=https://deadline.com/2012/11/skyfall-opens-with-imax-midnights-as-321m-bond-movie-abroad-arrives-in-u-s-canada-spielbergs-lincoln-platforms-368990/ |magazine=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=November 10, 2012 |access-date=November 2, 2018 |archive-date=November 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111072022/http://www.deadline.com/2012/11/skyfall-opens-with-imax-midnights-as-321m-bond-movie-abroad-arrives-in-u-s-canada-spielbergs-lincoln-platforms/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;| &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Monsters University]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2013|6|21}}<ref name="FilmLA (2013)">{{cite news |title=2013 Feature Film Production Report |year=2014 |publisher=FilmLA |url=http://filmla.com/uploads/2013%20Feature%20Production%20Report%20w%20Release%20030614_1394125127.pdf |page=8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324124605/http://filmla.com/uploads/2013%20Feature%20Production%20Report%20w%20Release%20030614_1394125127.pdf |archive-date=March 24, 2014}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Planes (film)|Planes]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2013|8|9}}<ref name="Box Office Mojo Planes">{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt1691917/?ref_=bo_se_r_1|title=Planes (2013)|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=December 21, 2013|archive-date=June 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628142119/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt1691917/?ref_=bo_se_r_1|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Disneytoon Studios | style="background:#F7F436;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Frozen (2013 film)|Frozen]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2013|11|27}}<ref>{{cite news |last=Smith |first=Grady |title=Box office preview: "Frozen" ready to storm the chart, but it won't beat "Catching Fire" |url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2013/11/27/box-office-preview-frozen-catching-fire/ |access-date=November 29, 2013 |newspaper=Entertainment Weekly |date=November 27, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131128190249/http://insidemovies.ew.com/2013/11/27/box-office-preview-frozen-catching-fire/ |archive-date=November 28, 2013}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Planes: Fire & Rescue]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2014|7|18}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/planes-2-taking-flight-in-bummer-year-for-animated-movies-at-box-office/ |title='Planes 2' Taking Flight in Bummer Year for Animated Movies at Box Office |website=The Wrap |date=July 15, 2014 |access-date=September 4, 2014 |archive-date=August 24, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824124648/https://www.thewrap.com/planes-2-taking-flight-in-bummer-year-for-animated-movies-at-box-office/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Disneytoon Studios | style="background:#F7F436;"| &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Big Hero 6 (film)|Big Hero 6]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2014|11|7}}<ref>{{cite web|date=November 4, 2014|author=Brent Lang|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/box-office-interstellar-big-hero-6-eye-record-breaking-weekend-1201347238|title=Box Office: 'Interstellar,' 'Big Hero 6' Eye Record-Breaking Weekend|work=Variety|access-date=November 5, 2014|archive-date=November 7, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107075130/http://variety.com/2014/film/news/box-office-interstellar-big-hero-6-eye-record-breaking-weekend-1201347238/|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Strange Magic (film)|Strange Magic]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2015|01|23}} <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://screenanarchy.com/2017/01/review-strange-magic-an-underrated-animated-musical-from-lucasfilm-contrib.html|title=Review: Strange Magic, an underrated animated musical from Lucasfilm|date=January 10, 2017|work=ScreenAnarchy|access-date=July 9, 2017|archive-date=July 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704040810/http://screenanarchy.com/2017/01/review-strange-magic-an-underrated-animated-musical-from-lucasfilm-contrib.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Touchstone Pictures]],<ref name="Released under the label"/> [[Lucasfilm Animation]]<ref>Copyright Lucasfilm</ref> | style="background:gray;"| &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Inside Out (2015 film)|Inside Out]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2015|06|19}}<ref name="DeadlineProfitAnalysisFinal">{{Cite web |last=Fleming |first=Mike Jr. |date=March 23, 2016 |title=No. 6 ''Inside Out'' – 2015 Most Valuable Movie Blockbuster Tournament |url=https://deadline.com/2016/03/inside-out-profit-box-office-2015-pixar-disney-1201724894/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326053651/http://deadline.com/2016/03/inside-out-profit-box-office-2015-pixar-disney-1201724894/ |archive-date=March 26, 2016 |access-date=March 24, 2016 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref name="WorldwideOpeningWeekend">{{Cite web |last1=Tartaglione |first1=Nancy |last2=Busch |first2=Anita |date=June 22, 2015 |title=''Jurassic World'' Crossing $1B Global; ''Inside Out'', ''Minions'' Debut Strong – Intl Box Office Final |url=https://deadline.com/2015/06/jurassic-world-nearing-1-billion-dollars-inside-out-minions-opening-international-box-office-1201451164/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626104219/https://deadline.com/2015/06/jurassic-world-nearing-1-billion-dollars-inside-out-minions-opening-international-box-office-1201451164/ |archive-date=June 26, 2015 |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" rowspan="2" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Good Dinosaur]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2015|11|25}}<ref name="Guerrasio">{{cite web|last1=Guerrasio|first1=Jason|date=December 9, 2015|title='Pixar finally has its first box-office bomb|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/pixar-finally-has-its-first-box-office-bomb-2015-12|website=[[Business Insider]]|access-date=November 13, 2016|archive-date=March 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326062016/http://www.businessinsider.com/pixar-finally-has-its-first-box-office-bomb-2015-12|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Brew|first=Simon|url=http://www.denofgeek.us/movies/the-good-dinosaur/252357/the-good-dinosaur-is-pixars-lowest-grossing-movie|title=The Good Dinosaur is Pixar's Lowest Grossing Movie|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401072615/http://www.denofgeek.us/movies/the-good-dinosaur/252357/the-good-dinosaur-is-pixars-lowest-grossing-movie|archive-date=April 1, 2016|website=[[Den of Geek]]|date=January 7, 2016|access-date=March 23, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Kenny|first1=Charles|date=January 26, 2016|title='Pixar's First Flop is Being Quietly Swept Under the Rug|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2016/01/pixars-first-flop-is-being-quietly-swept-under-the-rug-122418/|website=[[IndieWire]]|access-date=November 13, 2016|archive-date=November 14, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114083837/http://www.indiewire.com/2016/01/pixars-first-flop-is-being-quietly-swept-under-the-rug-122418/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Zootopia]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2016|3|4}}<ref name="Deadline20162018">{{cite news|title=Disney Sets Animation Slate To Infinity And Beyond|url=https://deadline.com/2013/05/disney-pixar-animation-movies-release-schedule-509742/|access-date=June 1, 2013|newspaper=Deadline|date=May 29, 2013|archive-date=March 29, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329023112/http://www.deadline.com/2013/05/disney-pixar-animation-movies-release-schedule/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="A113Slate">{{cite news|last=Jardine|first=William|title=Tonnes of New Details Revealed About Disney's Upcoming Slate!|url=http://www.a113animation.com/2013/07/new-details-revealed-about-disneys.html|access-date=July 11, 2013|newspaper=Big Screen Animation|date=July 11, 2013|archive-date=July 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712054307/http://www.a113animation.com/2013/07/new-details-revealed-about-disneys.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Kilday|first=Gregg|title=Pixar vs. Disney Animation: John Lasseter's Tricky Tug-of-War|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/pixar-disney-animation-john-lasseters-661752|access-date=December 4, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=December 4, 2013|archive-date=February 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210005414/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/pixar-disney-animation-john-lasseters-661752|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Finding Dory]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2016|6|17}}<ref name="pushback">{{cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/pixars-good-dinosaur-pushed-back-631722 |title=Pixar's 'The Good Dinosaur' Pushed Back Nearly 18 Months After Losing Director |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter |date=2011-11-17 |access-date=2013-09-19 |archive-date=2013-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921024441/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/pixars-good-dinosaur-pushed-back-631722 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="FN2">{{cite news|last=Kit|first=Borys|title=Andrew Stanton to Direct Pixar's ''Finding Nemo'' Sequel|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/andrew-stanton-pixar-finding-nemo-sequel-350267|access-date=July 17, 2012|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=July 17, 2012|archive-date=November 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112013133/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/andrew-stanton-pixar-finding-nemo-sequel-350267|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;"| &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Moana]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2016|11|23}}<ref name="Deadline20162018" /><ref name="A113Slate" /><ref>{{cite news|last1=Graser|first1=Marc|title=Disney Sails Into Theaters With Animated 'Moana' in 2016|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/disney-sails-into-theaters-with-animated-moana-in-2016-1201334550/|access-date=October 21, 2014|work=Variety|date=October 20, 2014|archive-date=August 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814103317/https://variety.com/2014/film/news/disney-sails-into-theaters-with-animated-moana-in-2016-1201334550/|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Cars 3]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2017|6|16}}<ref name="DeadlineWaspIncredibles2" /><ref>{{cite web|last1=Mendelson|first1=Scott|title=Pixar's 'Cars 3' Review: Lightning (McQueen) Strikes On The Third Lap|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/scottmendelson/2017/06/13/cars-3-review-lightning-mcqueen-strikes-on-the-third-lap/#3653e2981a1f|website=[[Forbes]]|access-date=June 17, 2017|archive-date=June 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613195753/https://www.forbes.com/sites/scottmendelson/2017/06/13/cars-3-review-lightning-mcqueen-strikes-on-the-third-lap/#3653e2981a1f|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3" |Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" rowspan="3" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Coco (2017 film)|Coco]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2017|11|22}}<ref name="disney blog">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.disney.com/insider/2015/08/14/meet-the-newest-disneypixar-marvel-coco/?cmp=SMC|title=meet the newest disney pixar film, coco|publisher=disney|date=2015|access-date=August 14, 2015|archive-date=September 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914132549/http://blogs.disney.com/insider/2015/08/14/meet-the-newest-disneypixar-marvel-coco/?cmp=SMC|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Incredibles 2]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2018|6|15}}<ref name="DeadlineWaspIncredibles2">{{cite web|last1=Hipes|first1=Patrick|title=Disney: 'Ant Man And The Wasp' A Go, 'Incredibles 2' Dated & More|url=https://deadline.com/2015/10/ant-man-sequel-incredibles-2-release-dates-disney-1201570867/|publisher=Deadline|access-date=October 9, 2015|date=October 8, 2015|archive-date=October 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009023533/https://deadline.com/2015/10/ant-man-sequel-incredibles-2-release-dates-disney-1201570867/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Graser|first1=Marc|title=Pixar's 'Toy Story 4′ Set to Play in Theaters in 2017|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/john-lasseter-to-direct-toy-story-4-out-in-2017-1201349848/|access-date=November 7, 2014|work=Variety|date=November 6, 2014|archive-date=November 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111022643/http://variety.com/2014/film/news/john-lasseter-to-direct-toy-story-4-out-in-2017-1201349848/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Ralph Breaks the Internet]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2018|11|21}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2016/03/24/wreck-it-ralph-2-still-happening-might-feature-mario|title=Wreck-It Ralph 2 Still Happening, Might Feature Mario|author=Tilly, Chris|publisher=IGN|date=Mar 24, 2016|access-date=June 18, 2016|archive-date=March 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324120519/https://www.ign.com/articles/2016/03/24/wreck-it-ralph-2-still-happening-might-feature-mario|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Frozen2020" /> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Mary Poppins Returns]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SL}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2018|12|19}}<ref name="THRDec18">{{Cite news |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/how-rob-marshall-returned-disneys-guarded-jewel-big-screen-1166094 |title=Making of 'Mary Poppins Returns': How Rob Marshall returned Disney's "guarded jewel" to the big screen |last=Svetkey |first=Benjamin |date=December 7, 2018 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=December 9, 2018 |df=dmy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209123926/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/how-rob-marshall-returned-disneys-guarded-jewel-big-screen-1166094 |archive-date=December 9, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, [[Rob Marshall|Lucamar Productions]] and [[Marc Platt (producer)|Marc Platt Productions]] | style="background:gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Toy Story 4]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2019|6|21}}<ref name="DeadlineWaspIncredibles2" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/spirited-away-release-crushes-toy-story-4-at-chinese-box-office-1220251|title=China Box Office: 'Toy Story 4' Getting Crushed by Rerelease of Anime Classic 'Spirited Away'|author=Patrick Brzeski|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=June 21, 2019|access-date=June 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621135149/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/spirited-away-release-crushes-toy-story-4-at-chinese-box-office-1220251|archive-date=June 21, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Lion King (2019 film)|The Lion King]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SL}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only--> {{dts|2019|7|19}}<ref name="Hollywood Reporter">{{Cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/behind-screen/lion-king-virtual-production-could-be-a-game-changer-filmmaking-1224990 |title=The Lion King' "Virtual Production" Could Be a Game-Changer for Filmmaking |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |first=Carolyn |last=Giardina |date=July 19, 2019 |access-date=August 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801011135/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/behind-screen/lion-king-virtual-production-could-be-a-game-changer-filmmaking-1224990 |archive-date=August 1, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, [[Jon Favreau|Fairview Entertainment]] | style="background:gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Frozen 2]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2019|11|22}}<ref name="Frozen2020">{{cite web |title=Disney Dates 'Lion King' and 'Frozen 2,' Pushes Fifth 'Indiana Jones' Film to 2020 |author=Lang, Brent |name-list-style=amp |author2=Khatchatourian, Maane |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/lion-king-frozen-2-indiana-jones-5-release-dates-1202395212/ |work=Variety |date=April 25, 2017 |access-date=2017-04-25 |archive-date=2017-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426061400/http://variety.com/2017/film/news/lion-king-frozen-2-indiana-jones-5-release-dates-1202395212/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2018/film/news/frozen-2-release-1203017475/ |title='Frozen 2' Release Date Moves Up a Week |last1=Rubin |first1=Rebecca |date=November 1, 2018 |access-date=November 2, 2018 |work=Variety |archive-date=November 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101220158/https://variety.com/2018/film/news/frozen-2-release-1203017475/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;"| &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Spies in Disguise]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2019|12|25}}<ref>{{cite web|last1=N'Duka|first1=Amanda|title=Will Smith & Tom Holland Topline 'Spies In Disguise' Animated Film|url=https://deadline.com/2017/10/will-smith-tom-holland-spies-in-disguise-animation-film-1202185002/|publisher=Deadline|access-date=March 31, 2018|date=October 9, 2017|archive-date=October 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009235634/https://deadline.com/2017/10/will-smith-tom-holland-spies-in-disguise-animation-film-1202185002/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="VarietyReleaseDates">{{cite news|last1=Lang|first1=Brent|last2=Rubin|first2=Rebecca|title=Disney Announces New 'Star Wars' Films, Moves 'Avatar' Sequels|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/news/disney-avatar-star-wars-marvel-1203207661/|access-date=May 7, 2019|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=May 7, 2019|archive-date=May 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507180739/https://variety.com/2019/film/news/disney-avatar-star-wars-marvel-1203207661/|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | [[20th Century Studios|20th Century Fox]], [[20th Century Animation|20th Century Fox Animation]], [[Blue Sky Studios]] and [[Chernin Entertainment]] | style="background:goldenrod;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Onward (film)|Onward]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2020|3|6}}<ref name="DeadlineWaspIncredibles2" /><ref name="VarietyDec2018">{{cite web|first1=Dave|last1=McNary|access-date=2018-12-12|title=Chris Pratt, Tom Holland, Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Octavia Spencer to Voice Pixar's 'Onward'|url=https://variety.com/2018/film/news/chris-pratt-tom-holland-julia-louis-dreyfus-octavia-spencer-onward-1203088174/|date=12 December 2018|archive-date=2018-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212222451/https://variety.com/2018/film/news/chris-pratt-tom-holland-julia-louis-dreyfus-octavia-spencer-onward-1203088174/|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" |''[[Raya and the Last Dragon]]'' |<!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2021|3|5}}<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Disney shelves planned Jack and the Beanstalk animated re-telling Gigantic|url=https://ew.com/movies/2017/10/10/disney-shelves-gigantic-jack-beanstalk-retelling/|author=Lenker, Maureen Lee|quote=We are focusing our energies on another project that has been in the works, which we'll be sharing more about soon, now set for Thanksgiving 2020."|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|date=October 10, 2017|access-date=2017-10-10|archive-date=2017-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010234606/https://ew.com/movies/2017/10/10/disney-shelves-gigantic-jack-beanstalk-retelling/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Hogarty|first=Joe|date=2019-08-24|title=Disney Announces Upcoming New Animated Movie, "Raya And The Last Dragon" at D23 Expo 2019|work=WDW News Today|url=https://wdwnt.com/2019/08/disney-announces-new-animated-movie-raya-and-the-last-dragon/|access-date=August 24, 2019|archive-date=2019-08-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824175554/https://wdwnt.com/2019/08/disney-announces-new-animated-movie-raya-and-the-last-dragon/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="SoulRaya">{{cite news |last=Fuster |first=Jeremy |date=April 13, 2020 |title=Disney Moves 'Soul,' 'Raya and the Last Dragon' Release Dates |work=[[TheWrap]] |url=https://www.thewrap.com/disney-moves-soul-raya-and-the-last-dragon-release-dates/ |url-status=live |access-date=April 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308135958/https://www.thewrap.com/disney-moves-soul-raya-and-the-last-dragon-release-dates/ |archive-date=March 8, 2021}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Ron's Gone Wrong]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2021|10|22}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://deadline.com/2017/10/channing-tatum-gambit-to-open-valentines-day-2019-release-1202187558/|title='Gambit' Starring Channing Tatum Will Open Valentine's Day 2019|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=2017-10-12|work=Deadline|access-date=October 13, 2017|archive-date=2017-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013061430/https://deadline.com/2017/10/channing-tatum-gambit-to-open-valentines-day-2019-release-1202187558/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="20thDelay">{{cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/bobs-burgers-movie-the-kings-man-get-disney-film-delays|title=Bob's Burgers Movie, The King's Man Get Disney Film Delays|publisher=[[IGN]]|date=January 22, 2021|access-date=January 22, 2021|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122184900/https://www.ign.com/articles/bobs-burgers-movie-the-kings-man-get-disney-film-delays|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | 20th Century Studios, 20th Century Animation, [[TSG Entertainment]], [[Locksmith Animation]] and [[DNEG]] | style="background:goldenrod;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Encanto]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2021|11|24}}<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1337191557670178819|user=DisneyAnimation|title=This Fall, Walt Disney Animation...|date=11 December 2020}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" |''[[The Bob's Burgers Movie]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2022|5|27}}<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hipes|first1=Patrick|title='Bob's Burgers' Movie Ordered Up For 2020|url=https://deadline.com/2017/10/bobs-burgers-movie-release-date-fox-1202181837/|publisher=Deadline|access-date=March 31, 2018|date=October 4, 2017|archive-date=October 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004210528/https://deadline.com/2017/10/bobs-burgers-movie-release-date-fox-1202181837/|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | 20th Century Studios, [[Bento Box Entertainment]] and [[Loren Bouchard|Wilo Productions]] | style="background:gray;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Lightyear (film)|Lightyear]]'' |<!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2022|6|17}}<ref name="AMMulanTo2020">{{cite news |last1=Milligan |first1=Mercedes |date=March 1, 2018 |title=Disney Pushes Live 'Mulan' to 2020, Dates Multi-Studio Slate |work=Animation Magazine |url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/features/disney-pushes-live-mulan-to-2020-dates-multi-studio-slate/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 5, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525010911/http://www.animationmagazine.net/features/disney-pushes-live-mulan-to-2020-dates-multi-studio-slate/ |archive-date=May 25, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=D'Alessandro |first1=Anthony |title=Pixar Has Buzz Lightyear Origin Movie In Works With Chris Evans & 'Turning Red' From 'Bao' Filmmaker Domee Shi |url=https://deadline.com/2020/12/pixar-has-buzz-lightyear-movie-in-the-works-with-chris-evans-turning-red-from-bao-filmmaker-domee-shi-1234654489/ |access-date=December 10, 2020 |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=December 10, 2020 |archive-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125164218/https://deadline.com/2020/12/pixar-has-buzz-lightyear-movie-in-the-works-with-chris-evans-turning-red-from-bao-filmmaker-domee-shi-1234654489/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Rubin|first1=Rebecca|title=Box Office: Pixar's 'Lightyear' Looks to Blast Off With $70 Million Opening Weekend|access-date=2022-06-15|url=https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/box-office-lightyear-opening-weekend-1235294699/|archive-date=2022-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615151227/https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/box-office-lightyear-opening-weekend-1235294699/|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Strange World (film)|Strange World]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2022|11|23}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wdwnt.com/2022/09/disney-films-to-receive-new-100-years-of-wonder-intro-next-year/ |title=Disney Films to Receive New '100 Years of Wonder' Intro Next Year - WDW News Today |date=September 9, 2022 |access-date=September 21, 2022 |archive-date=September 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171038/https://wdwnt.com/2022/09/disney-films-to-receive-new-100-years-of-wonder-intro-next-year/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="AMMulanTo2020" /><ref name="Hall2022">{{cite news|last1=Fisher|first1=Jacob|title=Don Hall & Qui Nguyen Reteam For Walt Disney Animation's 2022 Film (EXCLUSIVE)|url=https://discussingfilm.net/2021/07/05/don-hall-qui-nguyen-reteam-for-walt-disney-animations-2022-film-exclusive/|access-date=July 11, 2021|work=Discussing Film|date=July 5, 2021|archive-date=July 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711035838/https://discussingfilm.net/2021/07/05/don-hall-qui-nguyen-reteam-for-walt-disney-animations-2022-film-exclusive/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="TitleAnnouncement">{{Cite web |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=December 9, 2021 |title=Disney Unveils Animated Movie 'Strange World' With Thanksgiving 2022 Release Date |url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/disney-strange-world-release-date-1235129812/ |access-date=December 9, 2021 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |archive-date=June 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621040655/https://variety.com/2021/film/news/disney-strange-world-release-date-1235129812/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Parlevliet">{{Cite web |last=Parlevliet |first=Mirko |date=September 9, 2022 |title=Disney Live Action, Pixar and Animation Studios Present Upcoming Slate at D23 Expo |url=https://www.vitalthrills.com/disney-live-action/ |access-date=September 10, 2022 |website=vitalthrills.com }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B; " | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Elemental (2023 movie)|Elemental]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2023|6|16}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=2022-05-16 |title=Pixar Unveils Concept Art & Dates 27th Film 'Elemental' For Summer 2023 |url=https://deadline.com/2022/05/pixar-elemental-release-date-concept-art-1235024683/ |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=Deadline |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516140903/https://deadline.com/2022/05/pixar-elemental-release-date-concept-art-1235024683/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2022/10/pixar-elemental-brenda-hsueh-verve-1235157242/|title=Verve Signs Pixar 'Elemental' Screenwriter Brenda Hsueh|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=October 28, 2022|access-date=November 27, 2022|archive-date=November 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107122906/https://deadline.com/2022/10/pixar-elemental-brenda-hsueh-verve-1235157242/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Anthony |last1=D'Alessandro |access-date=November 15, 2019 |title=Disney Dates A Ton Of Pics Into 2023 & Juggles Fox Releases With Ridley Scott's 'The Last Duel' To Open Christmas 2020, 'The King's Man' Next Fall - Update |url=https://deadline.com/2019/11/disney-fox-release-schedule-the-last-duel-the-kings-man-nimona-1202787773/ |newspaper=Deadline |date=November 15, 2019 |archive-date=January 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116093219/https://deadline.com/2019/11/disney-fox-release-schedule-the-last-duel-the-kings-man-nimona-1202787773/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2019/11/disney-fox-release-schedule-the-last-duel-the-kings-man-nimona|title=Disney Dates a Ton of Pics into 2023 & Juggles Fox Releases with Ridley Scott's 'The Last Duel' to Open Christmas 2020, 'The King's Man' Next Fall – Update|date=November 16, 2019|access-date=November 19, 2019|archive-date=March 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324060228/https://deadline.com/2019/11/disney-fox-release-schedule-the-last-duel-the-kings-man-nimona-1202787773/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Pixar Tweet">{{cite tweet|number=1568387640206172161|user=Pixar|title=🔥and💧come together in this FIRST LOOK at Ember & Wade played by Leah Lewis and Mamoudou Athie, from Disney and Pixar's ''Elemental'', coming to theaters June 16, 2023!|author=Pixar|author-link=Pixar}}</ref> |style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue; " | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Wish (movie)|Wish]]'' | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2023|11|22}}<ref name="Wish">{{cite web|date=September 9, 2022|title=Ariana DeBose to Star in Disney Movie 'Wish' From 'Frozen' Team|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/wish-disney-movie-in-the-works-1235216113/|access-date=September 9, 2022|website=The Hollywood Reporter|language=en-US|archive-date=September 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910133002/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/wish-disney-movie-in-the-works-1235216113/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Disney Release Dates Nov19">{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2019/11/disney-fox-release-schedule-the-last-duel-the-kings-man-nimona-1202787773/ |title=Disney Dates A Ton Of Pics Into 2023 & Juggles Fox Releases With Ridley Scott's 'The Last Duel' To Open Christmas 2020, 'The King's Man' Next Fall – Update |date=November 15, 2019 |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |website=Deadline |access-date=November 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116093219/https://deadline.com/2019/11/disney-fox-release-schedule-the-last-duel-the-kings-man-nimona-1202787773/ |archive-date=January 16, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=September 9, 2022 |title=Ariana DeBose to Star in Disney Movie 'Wish' From 'Frozen' Team |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/wish-disney-movie-in-the-works-1235216113/ |website=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=September 9, 2022 |archive-date=September 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910133002/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/wish-disney-movie-in-the-works-1235216113/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Schedule2023">{{cite news|last1=|first1=|date=April 13, 2020|title="WALT DISNEY STUDIOS MOTION PICTURES RELEASE SCHEDULE" (PDF).|work=Walt Disney Studios|url=https://www.waltdisneystudios.com/assets/disney-release-calendar-4.13.20.pdf|access-date=May 3, 2020|archive-date=March 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308210111/https://www.waltdisneystudios.com/assets/disney-release-calendar-4.13.20.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Parlevliet" /> | style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B; " | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Soul (2020 film)|Soul]]''<sup>‡</sup> |<!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2024|1|12}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Moreau |first=Jordan |date=2023-12-05 |title=Pixar's 'Soul,' 'Turning Red' and 'Luca' Coming to Theaters After Disney+ Debuts During Pandemic |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/news/pixar-soul-turning-red-luca-theaters-1235822031/ |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> | rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | rowspan="4" style="background:blue; " | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Turning Red]]''<sup>‡</sup> | {{dts|2024|2|9}}<ref name=":0"/> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Luca (2021 film)|Luca]]''<sup>‡</sup> | {{dts|2024|3|22}}<ref name=":0"/> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Inside Out 2]]''<ref>{{cite magazine|date=September 9, 2022|title=Oh, Joy! Inside Out 2 on the way with Amy Poehler returning|url=https://ew.com/movies/inside-out-sequel-amy-poehler-announced/|access-date=September 9, 2022|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|language=en-US|archive-date=September 12, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912132055/https://ew.com/movies/inside-out-sequel-amy-poehler-announced/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="IO2ReleaseDate">{{Cite web |last1=Rubin |first1=Rebecca |last2=Vary |first2=Adam B. |date=September 15, 2022 |title=Disney Removes ''Star Wars'' Spinoff ''Rogue Squadron'' From Release Calendar, Sets Dates for ''Snow White'', ''Inside Out 2'' and ''Lion King'' Sequel |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/news/disney-star-wars-spinoff-rogue-squadron-release-snow-white-inside-out-2-lion-king-sequel-1235373972/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915182131/https://variety.com/2022/film/news/disney-star-wars-spinoff-rogue-squadron-release-snow-white-inside-out-2-lion-king-sequel-1235373972/ |archive-date=September 15, 2022 |access-date=September 15, 2022 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> | {{dts|2024|6|14}}<ref>{{cite news|date=September 9, 2022|title='Inside Out' Sequel Plans Confirmed By Pixar At D23|url=https://deadline.com/2022/09/inside-out-sequel-plans-confirmed-by-pixar-at-d23-1235113202/|access-date=September 9, 2022|website=Deadline|language=en-US|archive-date=September 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913003924/https://deadline.com/2022/09/inside-out-sequel-plans-confirmed-by-pixar-at-d23-1235113202/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="DisneyReleaseSchedule2021" /><ref name="IO2Announcement">{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=September 9, 2022 |title=''Inside Out'' Sequel Plans Confirmed By Pixar At D23 |url=https://deadline.com/2022/09/inside-out-sequel-plans-confirmed-by-pixar-at-d23-1235113202/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913003924/https://deadline.com/2022/09/inside-out-sequel-plans-confirmed-by-pixar-at-d23-1235113202/ |archive-date=September 13, 2022 |access-date=September 13, 2022 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref name="Rubin">{{Cite web|last=Rubin|first=Rebecca|title=Disney Removes 'Star Wars' Spinoff 'Rogue Squadron' From Release Calendar, Sets Dates for 'Snow White,' 'Inside Out 2' and 'Lion King' Sequel|url=https://variety.com/2022/film/news/disney-star-wars-spinoff-rogue-squadron-release-snow-white-inside-out-2-lion-king-sequel-1235373972/|access-date=September 15, 2022|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=15 September 2022 |language=en-US|archive-date=September 15, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915182131/https://variety.com/2022/film/news/disney-star-wars-spinoff-rogue-squadron-release-snow-white-inside-out-2-lion-king-sequel-1235373972/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Parlevliet" /> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Moana 2]]''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stephan |first1=Katcy |title='Moana 2' Set at Disney With Surprise 2024 Release Date |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/moana-2-disney-2024-release-date-1235901329/ |website=Variety |access-date=7 February 2024 |date=7 February 2024}}</ref> | {{dts|2024|11|27}}<ref name="DisneyAdds">{{cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/entertainment/disney-adds-a-ton-of-untitled-disney-movies-including-one-this-year/|title=Disney Adds A Ton of 'Untitled Disney' Movies, Including One This Year|last=Trenholm|first=Richard|date=January 20, 2023|access-date=January 20, 2023|archive-date=January 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120222218/https://www.cnet.com/culture/entertainment/disney-adds-a-ton-of-untitled-disney-movies-including-one-this-year/|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B; " | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Mufasa: The Lion King]]'' |December 20, 2024 |Walt Disney Pictures, Pastel Productions | |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Elio (film)|Elio]]''<ref>{{cite news|date=September 9, 2022|title='Elio': Pixar Sets New Pic About 11-Year-Old Boy Beamed Into Space; America Ferrera Stars & 'Coco's Adrian Molina Directs|url=https://deadline.com/2022/09/elio-pixar-movie-america-ferrera-yonas-kibreab-adrian-molina-1235113672//|access-date=September 9, 2022|website=Deadline|language=en-US|archive-date=September 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910003229/https://deadline.com/2022/09/elio-pixar-movie-america-ferrera-yonas-kibreab-adrian-molina-1235113672/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first1=Erik |last1=Pedersen |last2=Grobar |first2=Matt |date=2022-09-10 |title='Elio': Pixar Sets New Pic About 11-Year-Old Boy Beamed Into Space; America Ferrera Stars & 'Coco's Adrian Molina Directs |url=https://deadline.com/2022/09/elio-pixar-movie-america-ferrera-yonas-kibreab-adrian-molina-1235113672/ |access-date=2022-09-10 |website=Deadline |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921235514/https://deadline.com/2022/09/elio-pixar-movie-america-ferrera-yonas-kibreab-adrian-molina-1235113672/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | {{dts|2025|6|13}}<ref name="DisneyReleaseSchedule2021">{{cite news |first1=Borys |last1=Kit |access-date=September 11, 2021 |title=Disney's Live-Action 'The Little Mermaid' to Open on Memorial Day Weekend in 2023 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/disneys-live-action-the-little-mermaid-memorial-day-weekend-opening-1235011622/ |newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter |date=September 10, 2021 |archive-date=September 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910214925/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/disneys-live-action-the-little-mermaid-memorial-day-weekend-opening-1235011622/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Parlevliet" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=McClintock |first1=Pamela |title=Disney Delays 'Snow White' and 'Elio' a Year, Removes Jonathan Majors' 'Magazine Dreams' From Calendar |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/disney-delays-snow-white-actor-strike-1235629856/ |access-date=27 October 2023 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=27 October 2023}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- style="color:black" ! scope="col" style="width:300px;"|Title ! scope="col" style="width:220px;"|Scheduled U.S. theatrical release<!-- Walt Disney Pictures U.S. Theatrical Release Date only--> ! scope="col" colspan="2" style="width:220px;"|Production company<ref group="st" name="WDAS" /> |} ‡—Includes theatrical reissue(s). ====Upcoming==== {{See also|List of Walt Disney Animation Studios films#Upcoming films|List of Pixar films#Upcoming|20th Century Animation#Co-productions and original films | label 1=Upcoming Walt Disney Animation Studios films|label 2=Upcoming Pixar Animation Studios films|label 3=Upcoming 20th Century Animation films}} {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+ |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Zootopia 2]]''<ref>{{cite web |last1=D'Alessandro |first1=Anthony |title='Zootopia 2' Lands 2025 Theatrical Release, 'Alien' Movie Gets Title |url=https://deadline.com/2024/02/zootopia-2-release-date-alien-romulus-1235818517/ |website=Deadline |access-date=8 February 2024 |date=7 February 2024}}</ref> | {{dts|2025|11|26}}<ref name="DisneyAdds" /> | style="text-align:center;" | Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | style="background:#F3632B; " | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''Hoppers''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moreau |first=Jordan |date=2024-08-10 |title=Pixar Reveals ‘Hoppers,’ a Beaver Body-Swap Movie Starring Jon Hamm, Bobby Moynihan, Piper Curda |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/hoppers-pixar-jon-hamm-movie-1236102010/ |access-date=2024-08-10 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> | {{dts|2026|3|6}}<ref name="DisneyAdds" /><ref name="HoppersReleaseDate">{{Cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=August 13, 2024 |title=''Frozen 3'' Gets Official Thanksgiving 2027 Release; Pixar's ''Hoppers'' Sets Spring 2026 |url=https://deadline.com/2024/08/frozen-3-release-date-1236039148/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240813174243/https://deadline.com/2024/08/frozen-3-release-date-1236039148/ |archive-date=August 13, 2024 |access-date=August 13, 2024 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''Kung Fu Sock: A Long Way Home'' | {{dts|2026|5|22}} | style="text-align:center;" | 20th Century Studios, 20th Century Animation | style="background:goldenrod;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Toy Story 5]]''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Couch |first1=Aaron |title=Disney Sets ‘Toy Story 5,’ ‘Mandalorian & Grogu’ for 2026, Delays Live-Action ‘Moana’ by a Year |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/disney-sets-toy-story-5-mandalorian-and-grogu-1235867413/ |website=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=5 April 2024 |date=5 April 2024}}</ref> | {{dts|2026|6|19}}<ref name="DisneyAdds" /><ref name="Deadline 2023-02-08">{{Cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=2023-02-08 |title='Frozen', 'Toy Story' & 'Zootopia' Sequels In The Works, Disney CEO Bob Iger Says |url=https://deadline.com/2023/02/frozen-toy-story-zootopia-sequels-in-the-works-bob-iger-disney-earnings-1235253824/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=Deadline |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208235300/https://deadline.com/2023/02/frozen-toy-story-zootopia-sequels-in-the-works-bob-iger-disney-earnings-1235253824/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Libbey |first=Dirk |date=February 7, 2019 |title=Toy Story 5? Here's What Tim Allen Says |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2466578/toy-story-5-heres-what-tim-allen-says |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202083653/https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2466578/toy-story-5-heres-what-tim-allen-says |archive-date=December 2, 2019 |access-date=August 30, 2019 |website=[[CinemaBlend]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bonomolo |first=Cameron |date=May 26, 2019 |title=Pixar Not Ruling Out Toy Story 5 |url=https://comicbook.com/movies/2019/05/26/toy-story-4-end-disney-pixar-not-ruling-out-toy-story-5/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603231638/https://comicbook.com/movies/2019/05/26/toy-story-4-end-disney-pixar-not-ruling-out-toy-story-5/ |archive-date=June 3, 2019 |access-date=June 12, 2019 |website=[[ComicBook.com]]}}</ref><ref name="Comicbook.com">{{Cite web |last=Barnhardt |first=Adam |date=February 7, 2024 |title=Multiple Marvel Movies Missing From Disney CEO's Theatrical Schedule |url=https://comicbook.com/movies/news/blade-thunderbolts-missing-bob-iger-marvel-release-slate-earnings-call/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207223223/https://comicbook.com/movies/news/blade-thunderbolts-missing-bob-iger-marvel-release-slate-earnings-call/ |archive-date=February 7, 2024 |access-date=February 7, 2024 |website=[[ComicBook.com]]}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | Untitled Walt Disney Animation Studios film | {{dts|2026|7|17}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | rowspan="2" style="background:#F3632B; " | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | Untitled Walt Disney Animation Studios film | {{dts|2026|11|25}}<ref name="DisneyAdds" /> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Ice Age 6]]'' | {{dts|2026|12|18}}<ref name="D23">{{cite news |last1=Lang |first1=Brent |title=‘Ice Age 6’ in the Works With Ray Romano, John Leguizamo, Denis Leary, Queen Latifah Returning |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/ice-age-6-ray-romano-john-leguizamo-denis-leary-queen-latifah-returning-1236205131/ |access-date=8 November 2024 |work=Variety |date=8 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Stephan |first1=Katcy |title=Disney Removes ‘Star Wars’ Movie From 2026 Slate, Replaced by ‘Ice Age 6’ |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/star-wars-removed-2026-ice-age-6-1236211852/ |website=Variety |access-date=15 November 2024 |date=15 November 2024}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | 20th Century Studios, 20th Century Animation | style="background:goldenrod;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | Untitled Pixar film | {{dts|2027|6|18}}<ref name="D'Alessandro2">{{Cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=2024-08-02 |title=Marvel Studios 2026 Title Subtracted From Release Sked, Searchlight's 'A Real Pain' Shifts |url=https://deadline.com/2024/08/marvel-studios-movie-release-blade-date-change-1236030294/ |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |language=en}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Frozen 3]]'' | {{dts|2027|11|24}}<ref name="D'Alessandro2"/><ref name="Deadline 2023-02-08"/><ref>{{Cite web|last=O'Rourke|first=Ryan|date=2023-02-08|title='Frozen 3' Announced at Disney|url=https://collider.com/frozen-3-disney/ |website=Collider |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Comicbook.com" /><ref name="HoppersReleaseDate" /> | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios | rowspan="2" style="background:#F3632B; " | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | [[Frozen 4|Untitled fourth ''Frozen'' film]] | TBA<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=November 16, 2023 |title=''Frozen 4'' in the Works at Disney, Bob Iger Reveals |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/news/frozen-4-confirmed-disney-bob-iger-1235792515/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116193813/https://variety.com/2023/film/news/frozen-4-confirmed-disney-bob-iger-1235792515/ |archive-date=November 16, 2023 |access-date=November 16, 2023 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Incredibles 2#Sequel|Incredibles 3]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=August 9, 2024 |title=''Incredibles 3'' Announced At D23, Brad Bird Returning To Direct |url=https://deadline.com/2024/08/incredibles-3-brad-bird-1236036445/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810030304/https://deadline.com/2024/08/incredibles-3-brad-bird-1236036445/ |archive-date=August 10, 2024 |access-date=October 29, 2024 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> | TBA | style="text-align:center;" | Walt Disney Pictures, Pixar Animation Studios | style="background:blue;" | &nbsp; |} === US produced films distributed by Miramax === {{See also|Miramax}}<!--Please note that although unlike the first list, this list is for films produced primarily by a studio other than Disney; films in this list should still have Disney involved in them.--> The following is a list of films that were released by [[Miramax|Miramax Films]] when the studio was a subsidiary of Disney at the time of release. Neither of these films is officially recognized as Disney films, as they were from pre-existing distribution deals before Disney's acquisition of Miramax, and Disney sold Miramax to [[Filmyard Holdings]] in 2010.<ref name="d23.com"/> {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="width:51em" |- ! style="width:15em" | Film ! style="width:15em" | Date of original U.S. release ! style="width:15em" | Produced by ! style="width:3em" | Notes |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Tom and Jerry: The Movie]]'' | {{dts|1993|7|30}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|1992|10|01}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | [[Turner Entertainment]], [[Warner Music Group|WMG Film]], [[Wang Film Productions]] and [[Film Roman]] || |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Thief and the Cobbler]]'' (''Arabian Knight'') | {{dts|1995|8|25}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|1993|09|23}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | [[Richard Williams (animator)|Richard Williams Productions]], [[The Thief and the Cobbler|Fred Calvert Productions]] and Allied Filmmakers|| |- |} ===US produced / International releases only=== The following films were only released direct-to-video within the US. While they were given a theatrical billboard internationally, these films are not recognized by Disney's [[D23 (Disney)|D23]] as theatrical films because of a lack of US theatrical releases.<ref name="d23.com"/> {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+ |- style="color:black" ! scope="col" style="width:295px;"|Title ! scope="col" style="width:195px;"|Original theatrical release date ! colspan="2" scope="col" style="padding:0 8px; width:210px;"|Animation studio<ref group="st" name="WDAS" /> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Bambi II]]'' | {{dts|2006|1|26}} {{small|(Argentina)}} | style="text-align:center; "rowspan="4" | DisneyToon Studios | style="background:#F7F436;" rowspan="4"| &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Tinker Bell (film)|Tinker Bell]]'' | {{dts|2008|9|11}} {{small|(Argentina)}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Tinker Bell and the Lost Treasure]]'' | {{dts|2009|9|3}} {{small|(Argentina)}}<ref group="rls" name="worldwide">Also released by Disney outside North America</ref><ref group="rls" name="worldwideUS">Also released by Disney in North America</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Tinker Bell and the Great Fairy Rescue]]'' | {{dts|2010|9|23}} {{small|(Argentina)}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Phineas and Ferb the Movie: Across the 2nd Dimension]]'' | {{dts|2011|8|31}} {{small|(Spain)}} | style="text-align:center;"| Walt Disney Television Animation | style="background:purple;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Secret of the Wings]]'' | {{dts|2012|8|23}} {{small|(Argentina)}}<ref group="rls" name="worldwideUS">Also released by Disney in North America</ref> | style="text-align:center; "rowspan="3" | DisneyToon Studios | style="background:#F7F436;" rowspan="3"| &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Pirate Fairy]]'' | {{dts|2014|2|27}} {{small|(Argentina)}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Tinker Bell and the Legend of the NeverBeast]]'' | {{dts|2015|2|12}} {{small|(Argentina)}} |- |} === International productions / US releases === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+ |- style="color:black" ! scope="col" style="width:295px;"|Title ! scope="col" style="width:195px;"|Original U.S. theatrical release date<ref group="rls">Listed are the original theatrical release dates in the United States (or other non-U.S. territories) when the film was contributed by the Walt Disney Company. Different distributors are attributed and credited for distributing each film throughout the history of the Walt Disney Company. Films released before 1954 were released by [[RKO Radio Pictures]] (with the exception of ''[[Victory Through Air Power (film)|Victory Through Air Power]]'', refused. by RKO and then released by [[United Artists]]); films released after 1955 were released by Disney-owned [[Buena Vista Distribution]] and through its current name [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (since 2007); and films released after 1985 are co-credited with [[Walt Disney Pictures]].</ref><!-- U.S. Theatrical Release Date only--> ! colspan="2" scope="col" style="padding:0 8px; width:210px;"|Animation studio<ref group="st" name="WDAS" /> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Spirited Away]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} | <!-- U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2002|9|20}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|2001|7|20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Pineda|first1=Rafael Antonio|title=Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba Film Is 1st Since Spirited Away to Earn 30 Billion Yen|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-12-13/demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-film-is-1st-since-spirited-away-to-earn-30-billion-yen/.167411|access-date=15 December 2020|work=[[Anime News Network]]|date=13 December 2020 |archive-date=15 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215060726/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-12-13/demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-film-is-1st-since-spirited-away-to-earn-30-billion-yen/.167411 |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"| [[Studio Ghibli]] | style="background:white;" rowspan="8" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Howl's Moving Castle (film)|Howl's Moving Castle]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} | <!-- U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2005|6|10}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|2004|11|20}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Ponyo]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} |<!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2009|8|14}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|2008|7|19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jMHO-3HqYRcOGOQM_zvYhipP2F1w |publisher=AFP |title=Animator Miyazaki's new film hits screens in Japan |access-date=July 19, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080801094304/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jMHO-3HqYRcOGOQM_zvYhipP2F1w |archive-date=August 1, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/features/arts/20080718TDY16001.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120530180710/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/features/arts/20080718TDY16001.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 30, 2012 |title='Ponyo' a taste of magic |publisher=Daily Yomiuri Online |access-date=July 19, 2008}}</ref><!--This dead link can not be retrieved/replaced by using Wayback Internet Archive--><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.varietyjapan.com/news/movie_dom/2k1u7d0000066m7o.html |publisher=Variety Japan |title=『崖の上のポニョ』"千尋超え"目指し順風な船出 |access-date=July 21, 2008 |archive-date=September 7, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907074627/http://www.varietyjapan.com/news/movie_dom/2k1u7d0000066m7o.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Variety Asia">{{cite web |title="Ponyo" opening leaves room for debate |url=http://www.varietyasiaonline.com/content/view/6515/1/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726003800/http://www.varietyasiaonline.com/content/view/6515/1/ |archive-date=July 26, 2008 |access-date=July 22, 2008 |publisher=Variety Asia}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Tales from Earthsea (film)|Tales from Earthsea]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} | <!-- Original U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2010|8|13}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|2006|7|29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=歴代興収ベスト100|trans-title=All-time box office top 100|website=CINEMAランキング通信|publisher=[[:ja:興行通信社|Kogyo Tsushinsha]]|url=http://www.kogyotsushin.com/archives/alltime/|language=ja|access-date=29 November 2020|archive-date=9 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709055959/http://www.kogyotsushin.com/archives/alltime/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Loo|first=Egan|title=Spirited Away, 3 Other Ghibli Films' Box Office Totals Rose Due to This Year's Revival Screenings|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-12-15/spirited-away-3-other-ghibli-films-box-office-totals-rose-due-to-this-year-revival-screenings/.167459|access-date=22 December 2020|work=[[Anime News Network]]|date=15 December 2020|archive-date=27 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727062431/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-12-15/spirited-away-3-other-ghibli-films-box-office-totals-rose-due-to-this-year-revival-screenings/.167459|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"| Studio Ghibli<ref group="st" name="Touchstone">Released under the [[Touchstone Pictures]] label.</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Arrietty|The Secret World of Arrietty]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} | <!-- U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2012|2|17}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|2010|7|17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=借りぐらしのアリエッティ on moviewalker |url=http://movie.walkerplus.com/mv45931 |work=moviewalker |access-date=September 1, 2010 |language=ja |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100906012930/http://movie.walkerplus.com/mv45931/ |archive-date=September 6, 2010 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=志田未来、アリエッティのような赤ワンピースで笑顔！ 鈴木Pは『ポニョ』超え狙う |url=http://www.cinemacafe.net/news/cgi/report/2010/07/8693/ |publisher=cinemacafe |date=17 July 2010 |access-date=September 4, 2011 |language=ja |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320075009/http://www.cinemacafe.net/news/cgi/report/2010/07/8693/ |archive-date=March 20, 2012}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"| Studio Ghibli |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Wind Rises]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} | <!-- U.S. Theatrical Release Date only-->{{dts|2014|2|21}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|2013|7|20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmbiz.asia/news/the-wind-rises-tops-2013-japan-bo|title=The Wind Rises tops 2013 Japan B.O.|author=Kevin Ma|date=1 January 2014|access-date=5 January 2014|work=[[Film Business Asia]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191843/http://www.filmbiz.asia/news/the-wind-rises-tops-2013-japan-bo|archive-date=2 January 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"| Studio Ghibli<ref group="st" name="Touchstone" /> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Secret of the Magic Gourd (2007 film)|The Secret of the Magic Gourd]]''{{ref label|LiveAction|SL}} | {{dts|2007|6|29}} {{small|(China)}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[Centro Digital Pictures Limited]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Roadside Romeo]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} | {{dts|2008|10|24}} {{small|(India)}}<ref group="rls" name="worldwide">Also released by Disney outside North America</ref><ref group="rls" name="worldwideUS">Also released by Disney in North America</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | [[Yash Raj Films]]<ref group="st" name="India">Co-production with [[The Walt Disney Company India Pvt. Ltd.]]</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Arjun: The Warrior Prince]]''{{ref label|NotProduced|D}} | {{dts|2012|5|25}} {{small|(India)}}<ref group="rls" name="worldwide" /><ref group="rls" name="worldwideUS">Also released by Disney in North America</ref> | style="text-align:center;"| [[UTV Motion Pictures]]<ref group="st" name="India" /> | style="background:gray;"| &nbsp; |- |} === International films distributed by Miramax === {{See also|Miramax}}<!--Please note that although unlike the first list, this list is for films produced primarily by a studio other than Disney; films in this list should still have Disney involved in them.--> The following is a list of films that were released by [[Miramax|Miramax Films]] when the studio was a subsidiary of Disney at the time of release. None of these films are officially recognized as Disney films due to Disney's sale of Miramax to Filmyard Holdings in 2010.<ref name="d23.com"/> {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="width:51em" |- ! style="width:15em" | Film ! style="width:15em" | Date of original U.S. release ! style="width:15em" | Produced by ! style="width:3em" | Notes |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Princess Mononoke]]'' | {{dts|1999|10|29}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|1997|07|12}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | Studio Ghibli and [[Tokuma Shoten]] ||<ref group="note" name="us">Released by Disney in North America</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Pokémon 4Ever]]'' | {{dts|2002|10|11}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|2001|07|07}}</ref> | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[The Pokémon Company]], [[Shogakukan]], [[OLM, Inc.]] and Toho Co., Ltd. ||<ref group="note" name="us" /> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Pokémon Heroes]]'' | {{dts|2003|5|16}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|2002|07|13}}</ref> | <ref group="note" name="us" /><ref group="note" name="aus-uk">Released by Disney in Australia and United Kingdom</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Renaissance (2006 film)|Paris 2054: Renaissance]]'' | {{dts|2006|9|22}}<ref group="sg">Original date of release was {{dts|2006|03|15}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | [[Method Animation|Onyx Films]], [[Millimages]], [[LuxAnimation]], [[Christian Volckman|Timefirm Limited]] and [[France 2|France 2 Cinéma]] ||<ref group="note" name="us" /> |} ==Highest-grossing films== :{{legend|#b6fcb6|''Background shading indicates films playing in the week commencing {{Days before now|0}} in theaters around the world''.|text={{†|alt=film currently playing}}}}<!-- Please do not remove this, or else the highlighting in the table becomes unintelligible. The date is set to update every Friday according to UTC time. --> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Rank !! Film !! Worldwide gross !! Studio !! Year !! Ref. |- ! 1 | style="background:#b6fcb6;" | ''[[Inside Out 2]]'' {{†|alt=film currently playing}} || $1,690,701,370 || [[Pixar]] || 2024 || <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Inside-Out-2-(2024) | title=Inside Out 2 (2024) | website=The Numbers | access-date=2024-07-03 | archive-date=2024-07-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240702211809/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Inside-Out-2-(2024)#tab=summary | url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Inside Out 2|work=Box Office Mojo|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt22022452/?ref_=bo_se_r_1|access-date=June 14, 2024}}</ref> |- ! 2 | ''[[The Lion King (2019 film)|The Lion King]]'' || $1,656,943,394 ||[[Fairview Entertainment]] || rowspan="2" scope="row" ! | 2019 || <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3321923073/ | title=The Lion King (2019) - Box Office Mojo | access-date=2019-11-22 | archive-date=2019-10-14 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014032519/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=lionkingliveaction.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! 3 | ''[[Frozen 2]]''|| $1,450,026,933 || rowspan="2" scope="row" ! | [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]] || <ref> {{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=untitleddisneyanimation3d.htm|title=Frozen II (2019)|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=January 19, 2021|archive-date=July 8, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708074921/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=untitleddisneyanimation3d.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Frozen-II-(2019)|title=Frozen II (2019)|website=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]]|access-date=February 15, 2020|archive-date=December 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230202125/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Frozen-II-(2019)|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! 4 | ''[[Frozen (2013 film)|Frozen]]''|| $1,290,000,000 || 2013 || | <ref>{{cite web |title= Frozen (2013) "-" Box Office Mojo by IMDbPro |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt2294629/ |website=boxofficemojo.com |publisher=Box Office Mojo |access-date=3 December 2023}}</ref><ref name="frozen">''Frozen'' *{{cite web |title=Frozen (2013) – International Box Office Results |work=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=frozen2013.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809232736/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=frozen2013.htm |archive-date=August 9, 2014 |quote=Worldwide – $1,282,147,791 (total as of August 8, 2014; including Japanese gross up to August 3, Spain gross up to July 27 and omitting Nigerian gross) }} *{{cite web |title=Frozen (2013) – International Box Office Results: Japan |work=Box Office Mojo |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=JP&id=frozen2013.htm |access-date=September 3, 2014 |archive-date=September 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915121752/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=JP&id=frozen2013.htm |url-status=live }} ::Total as of August 3, 2014: $247,650,477 ::Total as of August 31, 2014: $249,036,646 *{{cite web |title=Frozen (2013) – International Box Office Results: Spain |work=Box Office Mojo |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=ES&id=frozen2013.htm |access-date=November 6, 2014 |archive-date=October 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019235513/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=ES&id=frozen2013.htm |url-status=live }} ::Total as of July 27, 2014: $21,668,593 ::Total as of November 2, 2014: $22,492,845 *{{cite web |title=Frozen (2013) – International Box Office Results: Nigeria |work=Box Office Mojo |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=NG&id=frozen2013.htm |access-date=September 3, 2014 |archive-date=September 5, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905095356/http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=NG&id=frozen2013.htm |url-status=live }} ::Total as of August 17, 2014: $167,333 *{{cite web |title=Frozen (2013) – International Box Office Results: United Kingdom |work=Box Office Mojo |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=UK&id=frozen2013.htm |access-date=January 24, 2015 |archive-date=October 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019235442/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=UK&id=frozen2013.htm |url-status=live }} ::Total as of June 8, 2014: £39,090,985 ::Total as of November 30, 2014: £40,960,083 ($1 = £0.63866) ::Total as of December 7, 2014: £41,087,765 ($1 = £0.64136) ::Total as of December 14, 2014: £41,170,608 ($1 = £0.636) ::Total as of November 26, 2017: £42,840,559 ($1 = £0.7497) ::Total as of December 3, 2017: £42,976,318 ($1 = £0.742) *{{cite web |title=Frozen (2013) – International Box Office Results: Germany |work=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=DE&id=frozen2013.htm |access-date=March 30, 2016 |archive-date=March 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322011348/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=DE&id=frozen2013.htm |url-status=live }} ::Total as of March 30, 2014: €35,098,170 ::Total as of October 18, 2015: €42,526,744 :::nb. the exact euro to dollar conversion rate is unknown for earnings since April 2014, but the euro never fell below parity with the dollar during 2014 and 2015 (as can be verified by comparing the exchange rate on the individual date entries at the provided reference) so an approximate conversion rate of €1:$1 is used here to give a lower-bound. </ref> |- ! 5 | ''[[Incredibles 2]]''|| $1,242,805,968 || rowspan="4" scope="row" ! | [[Pixar]] || 2018 || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=theincredibles2.htm|title=Incredibles 2 (2018) - Box Office Mojo|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=2019-03-26|archive-date=2017-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812091644/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=theincredibles2.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! 6 | ''[[Toy Story 4]]''|| $1,073,394,593 || 2019 || <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3798500865/ | title=Toy Story 4 |website=Box Office Mojo | access-date=2019-11-22 | archive-date=2019-12-14 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214124143/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3798500865/ | url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! 7 | ''[[Toy Story 3]]''|| $1,066,969,703 || 2010 || <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=toystory3.htm | title=Toy Story 3 (2010) |website=Box Office Mojo | access-date=2019-03-23 | archive-date=2016-08-21 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821162246/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=toystory3.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! 8 | ''[[Finding Dory]]''|| $1,028,570,889 || rowspan="2" scope="row" ! | 2016 || <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=pixar2015.htm | title=Finding Dory (2019) |website=Box Office Mojo | access-date=2019-03-23 | archive-date=2017-04-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425213321/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=pixar2015.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! 9 | ''[[Zootopia]]''|| $1,023,784,195 || rowspan="2" scope="row" ! | [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]]||<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=disney2016.htm | title=Zootopia (2016) |website=Box Office Mojo | access-date=2019-03-23 | archive-date=2017-05-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528042942/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=disney2016.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! 10 | ''[[The Lion King]]'' || $978,996,133 || 1994 || <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=lionking.htm | title=The Lion King (1994) |website=Box Office Mojo | access-date=2019-03-23 | archive-date=2009-05-17 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090517125117/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=lionking.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> |} ==Related pages== * [[Pixar]] * [[List of Disney characters]] == References == {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==References== {{Reflist|group=note}} {{reflist|group=group=}} '''Release Notes''' {{notelist}} {{Reflist|group=rls}} '''Studio/Production Notes''' {{Reflist|group=st|refs= <ref group="st" name="WDAS">Animated films that are listed as produced by '''Walt Disney''' were either entirely produced prior to 1986 as part of the animation department of [[The Walt Disney Company|Walt Disney Productions]] or by the restructured studio unit '''Walt Disney Feature Animation''', known after 2006 as '''[[Walt Disney Animation Studios]]'''. Some films may have been animated at various [[Animation studios owned by The Walt Disney Company|satellite animation studios]] as well. {{cite web|title=Walt Disney Animated Films - History|url=http://www.disneyanimation.com/studio/history|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130121160130/http://www.disneyanimation.com/studio/history|archive-date=2013-01-21|publisher=Walt Disney Animation Studios}}</ref> }} '''Studio Ghibli films original release dates''' {{Reflist|group=sg}} == Other websites == * [https://archive.today/20130121160130/http://www.disneyanimation.com/studio/history Walt Disney Animation Studios History] * {{bcdb |Walt_Disney_Studios/Feature_Films/ |Walt Disney Studios: Feature Films }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Disney animated movies}} [[Category:Lists of movies]] [[Category:Disney animated movies|*]] [[Category:Disney-related lists|*]] sbk9v6n57lztamhzedm1pbkgazdnvlu 0 15187 10368036 10363822 2025-07-02T18:16:45Z 2A02:AB88:280B:6680:4B3:82A9:D2D5:26A6 I improved. 10368036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:Laden, Osama bin}} [[Category:1957 births]] [[Category:2011 deaths]] [[Category:al-Qaeda people]] [[Category:Deaths by firearm]] [[Category:Saudi Arabian people]] [[Category:September 11 attacks]] '''Osama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Laden''' ({{lang-ar|أُسَامَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ بْنُ عَوَضٍ بْنُ لَادِنَ|translit=Usāma bin Muḥammad bin ‘Awaḍ bin Lādin}} is go boom boom twin towers in 2014 aka world cup final "FIFA 2014" redirects here. For the video game, see FIFA 14. For other uses, see FIFA Online 3. {| class="wikitable" |+2014 FIFA World Cup ! colspan="2" |''Copa do Mundo da FIFA Brasil 2014'' (Brazilian Portuguese) |- | colspan="2" |''Juntos num só ritmo'' (<abbr>lit.</abbr> 'All in one rhythm') |- ! colspan="2" |Tournament details |- !Host country |Brazil |- !Dates |12 June – 13 July |- !Teams |32 (from 5 confederations) |- !Venue(s) |12 (in 12 host cities) |- ! colspan="2" |Final positions |- !Champions | Germany (4th title) |- !Runners-up | Argentina |- !Third place | Netherlands |- !Fourth place | Brazil |- ! colspan="2" |Tournament statistics |- !Matches played |64 |- !Goals scored |171 (2.67 per match) |- !Attendance |3,429,873 (53,592 per match) |- !Top scorer(s) | James Rodríguez (6 goals) |- !Best player(s) | Lionel Messi |- !Best young player | Paul Pogba |- !Best goalkeeper | Manuel Neuer |- !Fair play award | Colombia |- | colspan="2" |← 2010 2018 → |} The '''2014 FIFA World Cup''' was the 20th FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial world championship for men's national football teams organised by FIFA. It took place in Brazil from 12 June to 13 July 2014, after the country was awarded the hosting rights in 2007. It was the second time that Brazil staged the competition, the first being in 1950, and the fifth time that it was held in South America. 31 national teams advanced through qualification competitions to join the host nation in the final tournament (with Bosnia and Herzegovina as the only debutant). A total of 64 matches were played in 12 venues located in as many host cities across Brazil. For the first time at a World Cup finals, match officials used goal-line technology, as well as vanishing spray for free kicks. FIFA Fan Fests in each host city gathered a total of 5 million people, and the country received 1 million visitors from 202 countries. Spain, the defending champions, were eliminated at the group stage. Host nation Brazil, who had won the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, lost to Germany 7–1 in the semi-finals and eventually finished in fourth place. In the final, Germany defeated Argentina 1–0 after extra time following a half-volley goal by Mario Götze in the 113th minute of the final to win the tournament and secure the country's fourth world title, the first after German reunification in 1990, when as West Germany they also beat Argentina by the same score in 90 minutes in the World Cup final. It was Germany's first major tournament win since UEFA Euro 1996. Germany became the first European team to win a World Cup staged in the Americas, and this result marked the third consecutive title won by a European team, after Italy in 20 Maneul neuer is confirmed to be the best goeklekeper even. ban yashin<blockquote>halftime<blockquote>stm all hgk</blockquote></blockquote> guys everyone play 4er0s DCO obby i censored for u WC14 GERMANY BRAZIL 7-1 U LIL NOOBS LOL SITDOWN NEYMAR FANS 7w6zh8rdegzfsnjvmep1svwsjx3yvxd 10368037 10368036 2025-07-02T18:16:51Z Divinations 1530422 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/2A02:AB88:280B:6680:4B3:82A9:D2D5:26A6|2A02:AB88:280B:6680:4B3:82A9:D2D5:26A6]] ([[User talk:2A02:AB88:280B:6680:4B3:82A9:D2D5:26A6|talk]]) to last version by Ternera 10317911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Shaykh]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Trager|first=Eric|date=2011-05-03|title=Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood Sticks With Bin Laden|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2011/05/egypts-muslim-brotherhood-sticks-with-bin-laden/238218/|access-date=2024-09-08|website=The Atlantic|language=en}}</ref> [[Mujahid]], [[Shaheed]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-06-26|title=Imran Khan criticised after calling Osama Bin Laden a 'martyr'|language=en-GB|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-53190199|access-date=2024-09-08}}</ref> | name = Osama Bin Laden<br><div style="text-decoration:none; font-weight:normal; font-style:normal; font-size:85%;">{{lang|ar|أُسَامَةُ بْنُ لَادِنَ}}</div> | image = Hamid Mir interviewing Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri 2001 (cropped).jpg | alt = | caption = Osama bin Laden in the 1990s | birth_name = Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden | birth_date = {{birth date|1957|03|10|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2011|5|2|1957|3|10|df=y}} | death_place = [[Abbottabad]], [[Pakistan]] | death_cause = [[Shooting]] | nationality = Saudi Arabian | alma_mater = | known_for = Claimed responsibility for [[September 11 attacks]] | height = 6'4" to 6'6" | successor = [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]] | children = {{Collapsible list | title = show all (20) | [[Abdallah bin Laden|Abdallah]] | [[Saad bin Laden|Saad]] | [[Omar bin Laden|Omar]] | [[Hamza bin Laden|Hamza]] | Abdul Rahman | Amer | Osman | Mohammed | Fatima | Iman | Laden | Rukhaiya | Nour | Ali | Safiyah | Aisha | Kadhija | Khalid | Miriam | Sumaiya }} | parents = Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden,<br/>Hamida al-Attas | module = {{Infobox military person|embed=yes | allegiance = [[File:Flag of al-Qaeda.svg|25px]] [[al-Qaeda]] | branch = | serviceyears = 1988–2011 | rank = | battles = [[Soviet war in Afghanistan]]<br /> [[War on Terror|Global War on Terrorism]]: * [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|War in Afghanistan]] ** [[Battle of Tora Bora]] * [[War in North-West Pakistan]] * [[Operation Neptune Spear]] }} | imagesize = 230px | relatives = | spouse = Amal al-Sadah (m. 2000–2011)<br>Siham Sabar (m. 1987–2011)<br>Khairiah Sabar (m. 1985–2011)<br>Khadijah Sharif (m. 1983–1990)<br>Najwa bin Laden (m. 1974–2001) }} '''Osama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Laden''' ({{lang-ar|أُسَامَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ بْنُ عَوَضٍ بْنُ لَادِنَ|translit=Usāma bin Muḥammad bin ‘Awaḍ bin Lādin}} [[English language|English]]: Osama, who is the son of Muhammad, who is the son of Awad, who is the son of Ladin; 10 March 1957{{spaced ndash}} 2 May 2011) was a Saudi Arabian terrorist, who was the founder of [[al-Qaeda]], the [[Sunni]] [[Islamic terrorism|militant Islamist]] terrorist organization that claimed responsibility for the [[September 11 attacks]] on the [[United States]]. It is also responsible of many other [[Mass murder|mass-casualty]] attacks against civilian and military [[wikt:targets|targets]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.pk/Press_Releases/2011/May/PR_150.htm|publisher=Pakistani Ministry Of Foreign Affairs|date=May 1, 2011|accessdate=December 31, 2013|title=Death of Osama bin Ladin|archive-date=May 23, 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120523234533/http://www.mofa.gov.pk/Press_Releases/2011/May/PR_150.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="DeathNYT">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/02/world/asia/osama-bin-laden-is-killed.html |title=Bin Laden Dead, US Officials Say |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | first1=Peter |last1=Baker |first2=Helene |last2=Cooper |first3=Mark |last3=Mazzetti |date=May 1, 2011}}</ref><ref name="bbcdead">Aleem Maqbool. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-13256676 "Osama Bin Laden, al Qaeda leader, dead – Barack Obama"]. May 1, 2011. [[BBC News Online]]. Retrieved December 31, 2013.</ref> He was a Saudi Arabian, a member of the wealthy [[bin Laden]] family, and an ethnic [[Yemen]]i Kindite.<ref>{{cite news |title=Yemen still close to al Qaeda's heart |author=Scheuer, Michael |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/JB07Ak01.html |newspaper=Asia Times |date=February 7, 2008 |accessdate=December 31, 2013 |archive-date=July 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702080545/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/JB07Ak01.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Names == Osama bin Laden's name can be [[transliteration|transliterated]] in many ways. Usāmah bin Muhammad bin 'Awad bin Lādin ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]: <span lang="ar" xml:lang="ar">أُسَامَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ بْنُ عَوَضٍ بْنُ لَادِنَ</span>), shortened to Usama bin Laden (أُسَامَةُ بْنُ لَادِنَ). The form used here, Osama bin Laden, is used by most [[English language|English-language]] [[mass media]]. This includes [[Cable News Network|CNN]] and the [[BBC]]. The [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] and [[Fox News]] use Usama bin Laden. Often the name is [[abbreviation|abbreviated]] to UBL. The bin Laden family (or "Binladin," as they like to be called) usually use the name as a surname in the Western style. The family company is known as the ''Binladin Brothers for Contracting and Industry''. It is one of the largest [[corporation]]s in [[Saudi Arabia]]. {{Audio|En-us-Osama Bin Laden from Saudi Arabia pronunciation (Voice of America).ogg|Osama Bin Laden}} == Biography == ===Early life and Career=== He was born in the bin Laden family to billionaire Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden in [[Saudi Arabia]]. He studied there in college until 1979, when he joined the mujahideen forces in [[Afghanistan]] against the [[Soviet war in Afghanistan|Soviets]] in [[Afghanistan]]. He helped to fund the mujahideen by funneling arms, money and fighters from the Arab world into Afghanistan, also gaining popularity from many Arabs.<ref name="fisk1">Robert Fisk (2005). ''The Great War For Civilisation'', p.&nbsp;4.</ref> In 1988, he formed [[al-Qaeda]].<ref name="al-Fadl">{{cite court |litigants= United States v. Usama bin Laden et al.|vol= S (7) 98|reporter= Cr.|opinion= 1023|pinpoint= Testimony of Jamal Ahmed Mohamed al-Fadl|court= [[United States District Court for the Southern District of New York|S.D.N.Y.]]|date= February 6, 2001|url=http://cryptome.org/usa-v-ubl-02.htm}}</ref> He was [[wikt:banished|banished]] from Saudi Arabia in 1992, and shifted his base to Sudan, until US pressure forced him to leave Sudan in 1996. After establishing a new base in Afghanistan, he declared a war against the United States, [[wikt:initiating|initiating]] a [[wikt:series|series]] of bombings and related attacks.<ref name="fisk2">Robert Fisk (2005). ''The Great War For Civilisation'', p.&nbsp;22.</ref> Bin Laden was on the American [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]]'s (FBI) lists of Ten Most Wanted Fugitives and Most Wanted Terrorists for his involvement in the 1998 U.S. [[embassy]] bombings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten/fugitives/laden.htm |title=FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives |publisher=FBI.gov |accessdate=May 26, 2010 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080103044553/http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten/fugitives/laden.htm |archivedate=January 3, 2008 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/27/AR2006082700687.html |title=Bin Laden, Most Wanted For Embassy Bombings? |newspaper=The Washington Post |author=Dan Eggen |date=August 28, 2006 |accessdate=December 31, 2013}}</ref><ref name="cnnterrorlist">{{cite news | url=http://articles.cnn.com/2001-10-10/us/inv.mostwanted.list_1_saif-al-adel-abdul-rahman-yasin-ahmed-khalfan-ghailani | title=Most wanted terrorists list released | accessdate=December 31, 2013 | date=October 10, 2001 | publisher=CNN }}{{Dead link|date=December 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> From 2001 to 2011, bin Laden was a major target of the [[War on Terror]], as the FBI placed a $25 million reward on him in their search for him. On May 2, 2011, bin Laden was shot and killed inside a private residential compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, by members of the United States Naval Special Warfare Development Group and Central Intelligence Agency operatives in a covert operation ordered by U.S. President [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/02/world/asia/osama-bin-laden-is-killed.html?_r=1&hp |title=Bin Laden Dead, US Officials Say |newspaper=The New York Times }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/05/01/osama-bin-laden-dead-killed_n_856091.html|title=Osama Bin Laden Dead, Obama Announces|first1=Sam|last1=Stein|first2=Jennifer|last2=Bendery|date=2 May 2011|publisher=|via=Huff Post}}</ref> ===Marriages=== Bin Laden was first married at the age of 17 to a [[Syria]]n cousin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/08/30/world/osama-bin-laden-fast-facts|title=Osama bin Laden Fast Facts - CNN News.com|date=30 August 2013|accessdate=September 13, 2013|publisher=[[CNN]].com}}</ref> Her name was Najwa Ghanem. She was probably two years younger than he. They had 11 children. Najwa left bin Laden just before 9/11.<ref name=CNN>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/05/05/osama.many.wives/index.html |last1=Todd |first1=Brian |last2=Lister |first2=Tim |title=Bin Laden's wives – and daughter who would 'kill enemies of Islam' |accessdate=September 22, 2013 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> He was married to Khadijah (1983–1995, divorced). His next wife was Khairiah (1985–2011, his death). His fourth wife was Siham (1987–2011, his death). He was married to unknown woman in 1996 but the marriage was annulled within a few days. His last wife was Amal (2000–2011, his death).<ref name=CNN/> There were a total of nine children from these later marriages, making 20 in all. ===Beliefs and ideology=== Bin Laden probably believed that the restoration of [[Sharia]] law would set things right in the Muslim world, and that all other ideologies—"[[pan-Arabism]], [[socialism]], [[communism]], [[democracy]]"—must be opposed.<ref>''Messages'', 2005, p. 218. "Resist the New Rome, audiotape delivered to al-Jazeera and broadcast by it on 2004-01-04.</ref> These beliefs, along with violent expansive [[jihad]], have sometimes been called [[Qutbism]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/07spring/eikmeier.htm |title=Qutbism: an ideology of Islamic-fascism |publisher=Parameters |author=Dale C. Eikmeier |pages=85–98 |date=Spring 2007 |accessdate=2010-05-26 |archive-date=2007-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609120804/http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/parameters/07spring/eikmeier.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was influenced by the teachings of [[Ibn Taymiyyah]] for his creed and beliefs.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-05-31|title=Lessons From Islamic History: Ibn Taymiyyah and the Synthesis of Takfir|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/ibn-taymiyyah-and-the-syn_b_10096820|access-date=2024-10-02|website=HuffPost|language=en}}</ref> He also quoted from Ibn Taymiyyah in some of his fatwas against various countries.<ref>{{Citation|last=Hoover|first=Jon|title=Reconciling Ibn Taymiyya's Legitimisation of Violence With His Vision of Universal Salvation|date=2018|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/violence-in-islamic-thought-from-the-mongols-to-european-imperialism/reconciling-ibn-taymiyyas-legitimisation-of-violence-with-his-vision-of-universal-salvation/7B3F07C7EB82B23030688CB488C5BC8C|work=Violence in Islamic Thought from the Mongols to European Imperialism|pages=107–116|editor-last=Kristó-Nagy|editor-first=Istvan T.|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-1-4744-1301-5|access-date=2024-10-02|editor2-last=Gleave|editor2-first=Robert}}</ref> He believed Afghanistan under the rule of [[Mohammed Omar|Mullah Omar]]'s [[Taliban]] was "the only Islamic country" in the Muslim world.<ref>''Messages'', (2005), p. 143. from an interview published in ''Al-Quds Al-Arabi'' in London November 12, 2001 (originally published in Pakistani daily, ''[[Ausaf]]'', Nov. 7).</ref> Bin Laden had consistently talked about his belief in the need for violent jihad to make right what he believed are injustices against Muslims perpetrated by the United States and sometimes by other non-Muslim states,<ref>''Messages to the World'', (2005), pp. xix, xx, editor Bruce Lawrence.</ref> the need to eliminate the state of [[Israel]], and the necessity of forcing the US to withdraw from the Middle East. He had also called on Americans to "reject the immoral acts of [[fornication]] and [[homosexuality]], [[intoxicant]]s (e.g. alcohol), [[gambling]], and [[usury]]" in an October 2002 letter.<ref>October 6, 2002. Appeared in Al-Qala'a website and then the London Observer 2002-11-24.</ref> One of Bin Laden's most infamous beliefs was that civilians, including women and children, are legitimate targets of jihad.<ref>''Messages'', 2005. p70. ''Al Jazeera'' interview, December 1998, after the Kenya and Tanzania embassy attacks.</ref><ref>''Messages'', (2005), p. 119, October 21, 2001 interview with Taysir Alluni of Al Jazeera.</ref> Bin Laden was [[Antisemitism|antisemitic]], and had delivered warnings against alleged Jewish conspiracies: "These Jews are masters of usury and leaders in treachery. They will leave you nothing, either in this world or the next".<ref>''Messages'', (2005), p. 190. from 53-minute audiotape that was circulated on various websites, dated February 14, 2003. "Among a Band of Knights."</ref> [[Shia]] Muslims have been listed along with "Heretics,... America and Israel," as the four principal "enemies of Islam" at the ideology classes of bin Laden's al-Qaeda organization.<ref name="Tower">Wright, Lawrence 2006. ''The looming tower : al-Qaeda and the road to 9/11''. New York: Knopf.</ref><sup>p303</sup> In keeping with [[Wahhabi]] beliefs (the Saudi type of Islam),<ref>{{Cite news|last=Klebnikov |first=Paul |title=Who Is Osama bin Laden? |url=https://www.forbes.com/2001/09/14/0914whoisobl.html |work=Forbes |date=September 14, 2001 |accessdate=2010-05-26}}</ref> bin Laden opposed music on religious grounds,<ref name=Tower/><sup>p167</sup> and his attitude towards technology was mixed. He was interested in "earth-moving machinery and [[genetic engineering]] of plants" on the one hand, but rejected "chilled water" on the other.<ref name=Tower/><sup>p172</sup> His viewpoints and methods of achieving them led to him been designated as a terrorist by scholars,<ref>John Randal 2005. ''Osama: the making of a terrorist'' Tauris.</ref><ref>''A Capitol Idea'' Donald E. Abelson p. 208.</ref> journalists from the New York Times,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/08/us/nationalspecial3/08padilla.html?_r=1&sq=islamist%20osama&st=nyt&adxnnl=1&oref=slogin&scp=7&adxnnlx=1214784198-I4IcWDM+QsboskeLb729pg |title=Mysteries, legal and sartorial, at Padilla Trial |work=The New York Times |author=Abby Goodnough |date=July 8, 2007 |accessdate=2010-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/17/world/after-the-attacks-the-strategy-a-new-war-and-its-scale.html?sec=&spon=&&scp=7&sq=%22terrorist%20osama%20%22&st=cse |title=After the attacks: the strategy; a new war and its scale |work=The New York Times |author=Michael R. Gordon |date=September 17, 2001 |accessdate=2010-05-28}}</ref> the [[British Broadcasting Corporation]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7412036.stm |title=Is global terror threat falling? |publisher=BBC News |author= |date=May 21, 2008 |accessdate=2010-05-28}}</ref> Qatari news station [[Al Jazeera]],<ref>[http://english.aljazeera.net/programmes/rizkhan/2008/08/20088161083773835.html "Osama bin Laden's operation" has "perpetrated the worst act of terrorism ever witnessed on US soil".]</ref> analysts such as Peter Bergen,<ref name=Bergen>Peter L. Bergen 2006. ''The Osama bin Laden I know: an oral history of al Quaeda's leader''. New York: Free Press, 2006</ref> Michael Scheuer,<ref>Michael Scheuer 2006. ''Through our enemies' Eyes: Osama bin Laden, radical Islam, and the future of America'' Potomac Books.</ref> Marc Sageman,<ref>Marc Sageman 2008. ''Leaderless Jihad: terror networks in the twenty-first century'' University of Pennsylvania Press.</ref> and Bruce Hoffman<ref>{{Cite news|url= |title=Redefining Counterterrorism: the terrorist leader as CEO |publisher=RAND Review |author=Bruce Hoffman |date=Spring 2004 }}</ref><ref>Peter Brookes 2005. ''A devil's triangle: terrorism, weapons of mass destruction, and rogue states'' Rowman & Littlefield.</ref> and he was indicted on terrorism charges by law enforcement agencies in [[Madrid]], New York City, and [[Tripoli]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.interpol.int/Public/Data/Wanted/Notices/Data/1998/32/1998_20232.asp |title=Wanted: Usama Bin Laden |publisher=[[Interpol]] |accessdate=2010-05-28 |archive-date=2004-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041211102312/http://www.interpol.int/public/data/wanted/notices/data/1998/32/1998_20232.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> He stayed in hiding until he was killed by the United States in Pakistan, in May 2011. ===Downfall and death=== {{main|Death of Osama bin Laden}} [[File:Obama and Biden await updates on bin Laden.jpg|thumb|right|230px|[[White House]] staff wait for news.]] U.S. President Barack Obama launched a mission, "Operation Neptune Spear", where United States Special Operation forces raided bin Laden's hideout compound. On the night of 2 May 2011 (Pakistani time; 1 May 2011 U.S. time), bin Laden was killed by bullets to the chest and head. His body was [[buried at sea]] later that day so there would be no grave. {{clear}} == References == {{Commonscat}} {{Reflist|3}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Laden, Osama bin}} [[Category:1957 births]] [[Category:2011 deaths]] [[Category:al-Qaeda people]] [[Category:Deaths by firearm]] [[Category:Saudi Arabian people]] [[Category:September 11 attacks]] apt2wfgf25zpeic5sn4ja6v0zfryuwg 10368041 10368037 2025-07-02T18:18:18Z 2A02:AB88:280B:6680:4B3:82A9:D2D5:26A6 Replaced content with "{{DEFAULTSORT:Laden, Osama bin}} [[Category:1957 births]] [[Category:2011 deaths]] [[Category:al-Qaeda people]] [[Category:Deaths by firearm]] [[Category:Saudi Arabian people]] [[Category:September 11 attacks]] Shortened version osama bin laden goinger go boom twin towers with a group of arab rfl players then wc14 final win 1-0 germany argentina LOL HOW DO U LOSE ARGENTINA WITH MESSI AND SUAREZ back to the point im rfl" 10368041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:Laden, Osama bin}} [[Category:1957 births]] [[Category:2011 deaths]] [[Category:al-Qaeda people]] [[Category:Deaths by firearm]] [[Category:Saudi Arabian people]] [[Category:September 11 attacks]] Shortened version osama bin laden goinger go boom twin towers with a group of arab rfl players then wc14 final win 1-0 germany argentina LOL HOW DO U LOSE ARGENTINA WITH MESSI AND SUAREZ back to the point im rfl fkyrezt2v17wctpp6oqaetieht3auwk 10368042 10368041 2025-07-02T18:18:23Z ChenzwBot 16695 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/2A02:AB88:280B:6680:4B3:82A9:D2D5:26A6|2A02:AB88:280B:6680:4B3:82A9:D2D5:26A6]] ([[User talk:2A02:AB88:280B:6680:4B3:82A9:D2D5:26A6|talk]]) to last version by Divinations 10317911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Shaykh]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Trager|first=Eric|date=2011-05-03|title=Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood Sticks With Bin Laden|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2011/05/egypts-muslim-brotherhood-sticks-with-bin-laden/238218/|access-date=2024-09-08|website=The Atlantic|language=en}}</ref> [[Mujahid]], [[Shaheed]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-06-26|title=Imran Khan criticised after calling Osama Bin Laden a 'martyr'|language=en-GB|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-53190199|access-date=2024-09-08}}</ref> | name = Osama Bin Laden<br><div style="text-decoration:none; font-weight:normal; font-style:normal; font-size:85%;">{{lang|ar|أُسَامَةُ بْنُ لَادِنَ}}</div> | image = Hamid Mir interviewing Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri 2001 (cropped).jpg | alt = | caption = Osama bin Laden in the 1990s | birth_name = Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden | birth_date = {{birth date|1957|03|10|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2011|5|2|1957|3|10|df=y}} | death_place = [[Abbottabad]], [[Pakistan]] | death_cause = [[Shooting]] | nationality = Saudi Arabian | alma_mater = | known_for = Claimed responsibility for [[September 11 attacks]] | height = 6'4" to 6'6" | successor = [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]] | children = {{Collapsible list | title = show all (20) | [[Abdallah bin Laden|Abdallah]] | [[Saad bin Laden|Saad]] | [[Omar bin Laden|Omar]] | [[Hamza bin Laden|Hamza]] | Abdul Rahman | Amer | Osman | Mohammed | Fatima | Iman | Laden | Rukhaiya | Nour | Ali | Safiyah | Aisha | Kadhija | Khalid | Miriam | Sumaiya }} | parents = Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden,<br/>Hamida al-Attas | module = {{Infobox military person|embed=yes | allegiance = [[File:Flag of al-Qaeda.svg|25px]] [[al-Qaeda]] | branch = | serviceyears = 1988–2011 | rank = | battles = [[Soviet war in Afghanistan]]<br /> [[War on Terror|Global War on Terrorism]]: * [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|War in Afghanistan]] ** [[Battle of Tora Bora]] * [[War in North-West Pakistan]] * [[Operation Neptune Spear]] }} | imagesize = 230px | relatives = | spouse = Amal al-Sadah (m. 2000–2011)<br>Siham Sabar (m. 1987–2011)<br>Khairiah Sabar (m. 1985–2011)<br>Khadijah Sharif (m. 1983–1990)<br>Najwa bin Laden (m. 1974–2001) }} '''Osama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Laden''' ({{lang-ar|أُسَامَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ بْنُ عَوَضٍ بْنُ لَادِنَ|translit=Usāma bin Muḥammad bin ‘Awaḍ bin Lādin}} [[English language|English]]: Osama, who is the son of Muhammad, who is the son of Awad, who is the son of Ladin; 10 March 1957{{spaced ndash}} 2 May 2011) was a Saudi Arabian terrorist, who was the founder of [[al-Qaeda]], the [[Sunni]] [[Islamic terrorism|militant Islamist]] terrorist organization that claimed responsibility for the [[September 11 attacks]] on the [[United States]]. It is also responsible of many other [[Mass murder|mass-casualty]] attacks against civilian and military [[wikt:targets|targets]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.pk/Press_Releases/2011/May/PR_150.htm|publisher=Pakistani Ministry Of Foreign Affairs|date=May 1, 2011|accessdate=December 31, 2013|title=Death of Osama bin Ladin|archive-date=May 23, 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120523234533/http://www.mofa.gov.pk/Press_Releases/2011/May/PR_150.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="DeathNYT">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/02/world/asia/osama-bin-laden-is-killed.html |title=Bin Laden Dead, US Officials Say |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | first1=Peter |last1=Baker |first2=Helene |last2=Cooper |first3=Mark |last3=Mazzetti |date=May 1, 2011}}</ref><ref name="bbcdead">Aleem Maqbool. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-13256676 "Osama Bin Laden, al Qaeda leader, dead – Barack Obama"]. May 1, 2011. [[BBC News Online]]. Retrieved December 31, 2013.</ref> He was a Saudi Arabian, a member of the wealthy [[bin Laden]] family, and an ethnic [[Yemen]]i Kindite.<ref>{{cite news |title=Yemen still close to al Qaeda's heart |author=Scheuer, Michael |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/JB07Ak01.html |newspaper=Asia Times |date=February 7, 2008 |accessdate=December 31, 2013 |archive-date=July 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702080545/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/JB07Ak01.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Names == Osama bin Laden's name can be [[transliteration|transliterated]] in many ways. Usāmah bin Muhammad bin 'Awad bin Lādin ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]: <span lang="ar" xml:lang="ar">أُسَامَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ بْنُ عَوَضٍ بْنُ لَادِنَ</span>), shortened to Usama bin Laden (أُسَامَةُ بْنُ لَادِنَ). The form used here, Osama bin Laden, is used by most [[English language|English-language]] [[mass media]]. This includes [[Cable News Network|CNN]] and the [[BBC]]. The [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] and [[Fox News]] use Usama bin Laden. Often the name is [[abbreviation|abbreviated]] to UBL. The bin Laden family (or "Binladin," as they like to be called) usually use the name as a surname in the Western style. The family company is known as the ''Binladin Brothers for Contracting and Industry''. It is one of the largest [[corporation]]s in [[Saudi Arabia]]. {{Audio|En-us-Osama Bin Laden from Saudi Arabia pronunciation (Voice of America).ogg|Osama Bin Laden}} == Biography == ===Early life and Career=== He was born in the bin Laden family to billionaire Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden in [[Saudi Arabia]]. He studied there in college until 1979, when he joined the mujahideen forces in [[Afghanistan]] against the [[Soviet war in Afghanistan|Soviets]] in [[Afghanistan]]. He helped to fund the mujahideen by funneling arms, money and fighters from the Arab world into Afghanistan, also gaining popularity from many Arabs.<ref name="fisk1">Robert Fisk (2005). ''The Great War For Civilisation'', p.&nbsp;4.</ref> In 1988, he formed [[al-Qaeda]].<ref name="al-Fadl">{{cite court |litigants= United States v. Usama bin Laden et al.|vol= S (7) 98|reporter= Cr.|opinion= 1023|pinpoint= Testimony of Jamal Ahmed Mohamed al-Fadl|court= [[United States District Court for the Southern District of New York|S.D.N.Y.]]|date= February 6, 2001|url=http://cryptome.org/usa-v-ubl-02.htm}}</ref> He was [[wikt:banished|banished]] from Saudi Arabia in 1992, and shifted his base to Sudan, until US pressure forced him to leave Sudan in 1996. After establishing a new base in Afghanistan, he declared a war against the United States, [[wikt:initiating|initiating]] a [[wikt:series|series]] of bombings and related attacks.<ref name="fisk2">Robert Fisk (2005). ''The Great War For Civilisation'', p.&nbsp;22.</ref> Bin Laden was on the American [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]]'s (FBI) lists of Ten Most Wanted Fugitives and Most Wanted Terrorists for his involvement in the 1998 U.S. [[embassy]] bombings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten/fugitives/laden.htm |title=FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives |publisher=FBI.gov |accessdate=May 26, 2010 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080103044553/http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten/fugitives/laden.htm |archivedate=January 3, 2008 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/27/AR2006082700687.html |title=Bin Laden, Most Wanted For Embassy Bombings? |newspaper=The Washington Post |author=Dan Eggen |date=August 28, 2006 |accessdate=December 31, 2013}}</ref><ref name="cnnterrorlist">{{cite news | url=http://articles.cnn.com/2001-10-10/us/inv.mostwanted.list_1_saif-al-adel-abdul-rahman-yasin-ahmed-khalfan-ghailani | title=Most wanted terrorists list released | accessdate=December 31, 2013 | date=October 10, 2001 | publisher=CNN }}{{Dead link|date=December 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> From 2001 to 2011, bin Laden was a major target of the [[War on Terror]], as the FBI placed a $25 million reward on him in their search for him. On May 2, 2011, bin Laden was shot and killed inside a private residential compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, by members of the United States Naval Special Warfare Development Group and Central Intelligence Agency operatives in a covert operation ordered by U.S. President [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/02/world/asia/osama-bin-laden-is-killed.html?_r=1&hp |title=Bin Laden Dead, US Officials Say |newspaper=The New York Times }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/05/01/osama-bin-laden-dead-killed_n_856091.html|title=Osama Bin Laden Dead, Obama Announces|first1=Sam|last1=Stein|first2=Jennifer|last2=Bendery|date=2 May 2011|publisher=|via=Huff Post}}</ref> ===Marriages=== Bin Laden was first married at the age of 17 to a [[Syria]]n cousin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/08/30/world/osama-bin-laden-fast-facts|title=Osama bin Laden Fast Facts - CNN News.com|date=30 August 2013|accessdate=September 13, 2013|publisher=[[CNN]].com}}</ref> Her name was Najwa Ghanem. She was probably two years younger than he. They had 11 children. Najwa left bin Laden just before 9/11.<ref name=CNN>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/05/05/osama.many.wives/index.html |last1=Todd |first1=Brian |last2=Lister |first2=Tim |title=Bin Laden's wives – and daughter who would 'kill enemies of Islam' |accessdate=September 22, 2013 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> He was married to Khadijah (1983–1995, divorced). His next wife was Khairiah (1985–2011, his death). His fourth wife was Siham (1987–2011, his death). He was married to unknown woman in 1996 but the marriage was annulled within a few days. His last wife was Amal (2000–2011, his death).<ref name=CNN/> There were a total of nine children from these later marriages, making 20 in all. ===Beliefs and ideology=== Bin Laden probably believed that the restoration of [[Sharia]] law would set things right in the Muslim world, and that all other ideologies—"[[pan-Arabism]], [[socialism]], [[communism]], [[democracy]]"—must be opposed.<ref>''Messages'', 2005, p. 218. "Resist the New Rome, audiotape delivered to al-Jazeera and broadcast by it on 2004-01-04.</ref> These beliefs, along with violent expansive [[jihad]], have sometimes been called [[Qutbism]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/07spring/eikmeier.htm |title=Qutbism: an ideology of Islamic-fascism |publisher=Parameters |author=Dale C. Eikmeier |pages=85–98 |date=Spring 2007 |accessdate=2010-05-26 |archive-date=2007-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609120804/http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/parameters/07spring/eikmeier.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was influenced by the teachings of [[Ibn Taymiyyah]] for his creed and beliefs.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-05-31|title=Lessons From Islamic History: Ibn Taymiyyah and the Synthesis of Takfir|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/ibn-taymiyyah-and-the-syn_b_10096820|access-date=2024-10-02|website=HuffPost|language=en}}</ref> He also quoted from Ibn Taymiyyah in some of his fatwas against various countries.<ref>{{Citation|last=Hoover|first=Jon|title=Reconciling Ibn Taymiyya's Legitimisation of Violence With His Vision of Universal Salvation|date=2018|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/violence-in-islamic-thought-from-the-mongols-to-european-imperialism/reconciling-ibn-taymiyyas-legitimisation-of-violence-with-his-vision-of-universal-salvation/7B3F07C7EB82B23030688CB488C5BC8C|work=Violence in Islamic Thought from the Mongols to European Imperialism|pages=107–116|editor-last=Kristó-Nagy|editor-first=Istvan T.|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-1-4744-1301-5|access-date=2024-10-02|editor2-last=Gleave|editor2-first=Robert}}</ref> He believed Afghanistan under the rule of [[Mohammed Omar|Mullah Omar]]'s [[Taliban]] was "the only Islamic country" in the Muslim world.<ref>''Messages'', (2005), p. 143. from an interview published in ''Al-Quds Al-Arabi'' in London November 12, 2001 (originally published in Pakistani daily, ''[[Ausaf]]'', Nov. 7).</ref> Bin Laden had consistently talked about his belief in the need for violent jihad to make right what he believed are injustices against Muslims perpetrated by the United States and sometimes by other non-Muslim states,<ref>''Messages to the World'', (2005), pp. xix, xx, editor Bruce Lawrence.</ref> the need to eliminate the state of [[Israel]], and the necessity of forcing the US to withdraw from the Middle East. He had also called on Americans to "reject the immoral acts of [[fornication]] and [[homosexuality]], [[intoxicant]]s (e.g. alcohol), [[gambling]], and [[usury]]" in an October 2002 letter.<ref>October 6, 2002. Appeared in Al-Qala'a website and then the London Observer 2002-11-24.</ref> One of Bin Laden's most infamous beliefs was that civilians, including women and children, are legitimate targets of jihad.<ref>''Messages'', 2005. p70. ''Al Jazeera'' interview, December 1998, after the Kenya and Tanzania embassy attacks.</ref><ref>''Messages'', (2005), p. 119, October 21, 2001 interview with Taysir Alluni of Al Jazeera.</ref> Bin Laden was [[Antisemitism|antisemitic]], and had delivered warnings against alleged Jewish conspiracies: "These Jews are masters of usury and leaders in treachery. They will leave you nothing, either in this world or the next".<ref>''Messages'', (2005), p. 190. from 53-minute audiotape that was circulated on various websites, dated February 14, 2003. "Among a Band of Knights."</ref> [[Shia]] Muslims have been listed along with "Heretics,... America and Israel," as the four principal "enemies of Islam" at the ideology classes of bin Laden's al-Qaeda organization.<ref name="Tower">Wright, Lawrence 2006. ''The looming tower : al-Qaeda and the road to 9/11''. New York: Knopf.</ref><sup>p303</sup> In keeping with [[Wahhabi]] beliefs (the Saudi type of Islam),<ref>{{Cite news|last=Klebnikov |first=Paul |title=Who Is Osama bin Laden? |url=https://www.forbes.com/2001/09/14/0914whoisobl.html |work=Forbes |date=September 14, 2001 |accessdate=2010-05-26}}</ref> bin Laden opposed music on religious grounds,<ref name=Tower/><sup>p167</sup> and his attitude towards technology was mixed. He was interested in "earth-moving machinery and [[genetic engineering]] of plants" on the one hand, but rejected "chilled water" on the other.<ref name=Tower/><sup>p172</sup> His viewpoints and methods of achieving them led to him been designated as a terrorist by scholars,<ref>John Randal 2005. ''Osama: the making of a terrorist'' Tauris.</ref><ref>''A Capitol Idea'' Donald E. Abelson p. 208.</ref> journalists from the New York Times,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/08/us/nationalspecial3/08padilla.html?_r=1&sq=islamist%20osama&st=nyt&adxnnl=1&oref=slogin&scp=7&adxnnlx=1214784198-I4IcWDM+QsboskeLb729pg |title=Mysteries, legal and sartorial, at Padilla Trial |work=The New York Times |author=Abby Goodnough |date=July 8, 2007 |accessdate=2010-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/17/world/after-the-attacks-the-strategy-a-new-war-and-its-scale.html?sec=&spon=&&scp=7&sq=%22terrorist%20osama%20%22&st=cse |title=After the attacks: the strategy; a new war and its scale |work=The New York Times |author=Michael R. Gordon |date=September 17, 2001 |accessdate=2010-05-28}}</ref> the [[British Broadcasting Corporation]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7412036.stm |title=Is global terror threat falling? |publisher=BBC News |author= |date=May 21, 2008 |accessdate=2010-05-28}}</ref> Qatari news station [[Al Jazeera]],<ref>[http://english.aljazeera.net/programmes/rizkhan/2008/08/20088161083773835.html "Osama bin Laden's operation" has "perpetrated the worst act of terrorism ever witnessed on US soil".]</ref> analysts such as Peter Bergen,<ref name=Bergen>Peter L. Bergen 2006. ''The Osama bin Laden I know: an oral history of al Quaeda's leader''. New York: Free Press, 2006</ref> Michael Scheuer,<ref>Michael Scheuer 2006. ''Through our enemies' Eyes: Osama bin Laden, radical Islam, and the future of America'' Potomac Books.</ref> Marc Sageman,<ref>Marc Sageman 2008. ''Leaderless Jihad: terror networks in the twenty-first century'' University of Pennsylvania Press.</ref> and Bruce Hoffman<ref>{{Cite news|url= |title=Redefining Counterterrorism: the terrorist leader as CEO |publisher=RAND Review |author=Bruce Hoffman |date=Spring 2004 }}</ref><ref>Peter Brookes 2005. ''A devil's triangle: terrorism, weapons of mass destruction, and rogue states'' Rowman & Littlefield.</ref> and he was indicted on terrorism charges by law enforcement agencies in [[Madrid]], New York City, and [[Tripoli]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.interpol.int/Public/Data/Wanted/Notices/Data/1998/32/1998_20232.asp |title=Wanted: Usama Bin Laden |publisher=[[Interpol]] |accessdate=2010-05-28 |archive-date=2004-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041211102312/http://www.interpol.int/public/data/wanted/notices/data/1998/32/1998_20232.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> He stayed in hiding until he was killed by the United States in Pakistan, in May 2011. ===Downfall and death=== {{main|Death of Osama bin Laden}} [[File:Obama and Biden await updates on bin Laden.jpg|thumb|right|230px|[[White House]] staff wait for news.]] U.S. President Barack Obama launched a mission, "Operation Neptune Spear", where United States Special Operation forces raided bin Laden's hideout compound. On the night of 2 May 2011 (Pakistani time; 1 May 2011 U.S. time), bin Laden was killed by bullets to the chest and head. His body was [[buried at sea]] later that day so there would be no grave. {{clear}} == References == {{Commonscat}} {{Reflist|3}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Laden, Osama bin}} [[Category:1957 births]] [[Category:2011 deaths]] [[Category:al-Qaeda people]] [[Category:Deaths by firearm]] [[Category:Saudi Arabian people]] [[Category:September 11 attacks]] apt2wfgf25zpeic5sn4ja6v0zfryuwg 10368048 10368042 2025-07-02T18:20:16Z 2A02:AB88:280B:6680:4B3:82A9:D2D5:26A6 Improved 10368048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Shaykh]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Trager|first=Eric|date=2011-05-03|title=Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood Sticks With Bin Laden|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2011/05/egypts-muslim-brotherhood-sticks-with-bin-laden/238218/|access-date=2024-09-08|website=The Atlantic|language=en}}</ref> [[Mujahid]], [[Shaheed]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-06-26|title=Imran Khan criticised after calling Osama Bin Laden a 'martyr'|language=en-GB|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-53190199|access-date=2024-09-08}}</ref> | name = Osama Bin Laden<br><div style="text-decoration:none; font-weight:normal; font-style:normal; font-size:85%;">{{lang|ar|أُسَامَةُ بْنُ لَادِنَ}}</div> | image = Hamid Mir interviewing Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri 2001 (cropped).jpg | alt = | caption = Osama bin Laden in the 1990s | birth_name = Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden | birth_date = {{birth date|1957|03|10|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2011|5|2|1957|3|10|df=y}} | death_place = [[Abbottabad]], [[Pakistan]] | death_cause = [[Shooting]] | nationality = Saudi Arabian | alma_mater = | known_for = Claimed responsibility for [[September 11 attacks]] | height = 6'4" to 6'6" | successor = [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]] | children = {{Collapsible list | title = show all (20) | [[Abdallah bin Laden|Abdallah]] | [[Saad bin Laden|Saad]] | [[Omar bin Laden|Omar]] | [[Hamza bin Laden|Hamza]] | Abdul Rahman | Amer | Osman | Mohammed | Fatima | Iman | Laden | Rukhaiya | Nour | Ali | Safiyah | Aisha | Kadhija | Khalid | Miriam | Sumaiya }} | parents = Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden,<br/>Hamida al-Attas | module = {{Infobox military person|embed=yes | allegiance = [[File:Flag of al-Qaeda.svg|25px]] [[al-Qaeda]] | branch = | serviceyears = 1988–2011 | rank = | battles = [[Soviet war in Afghanistan]]<br /> [[War on Terror|Global War on Terrorism]]: * [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|War in Afghanistan]] ** [[Battle of Tora Bora]] * [[War in North-West Pakistan]] * [[Operation Neptune Spear]] }} | imagesize = 230px | relatives = | spouse = Amal al-Sadah (m. 2000–2011)<br>Siham Sabar (m. 1987–2011)<br>Khairiah Sabar (m. 1985–2011)<br>Khadijah Sharif (m. 1983–1990)<br>Najwa bin Laden (m. 1974–2001) }} '''Osama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Laden''' ({{lang-ar|أُسَامَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ بْنُ عَوَضٍ بْنُ لَادِنَ|translit=Usāma bin Muḥammad bin ‘Awaḍ bin Lādin}} [[English language|English]]: Osama, who is the son of Muhammad, who is the son of Awad, who is the son of Ladin; 10 March 1957{{spaced ndash}} 2 May 2011) was a Saudi Arabian terrorist, who was the founder of [[al-Qaeda]], the [[Sunni]] [[Islamic terrorism|militant Islamist]] terrorist organization that claimed responsibility for the [[September 11 attacks]] on the [[United States]]. It is also responsible of many other [[Mass murder|mass-casualty]] attacks against civilian and military [[wikt:targets|targets]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.pk/Press_Releases/2011/May/PR_150.htm|publisher=Pakistani Ministry Of Foreign Affairs|date=May 1, 2011|accessdate=December 31, 2013|title=Death of Osama bin Ladin|archive-date=May 23, 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120523234533/http://www.mofa.gov.pk/Press_Releases/2011/May/PR_150.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="DeathNYT">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/02/world/asia/osama-bin-laden-is-killed.html |title=Bin Laden Dead, US Officials Say |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | first1=Peter |last1=Baker |first2=Helene |last2=Cooper |first3=Mark |last3=Mazzetti |date=May 1, 2011}}</ref><ref name="bbcdead">Aleem Maqbool. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-13256676 "Osama Bin Laden, al Qaeda leader, dead – Barack Obama"]. May 1, 2011. [[BBC News Online]]. Retrieved December 31, 2013.</ref> He was a Saudi Arabian, a member of the wealthy [[bin Laden]] family, and an ethnic [[Yemen]]i Kindite.<ref>{{cite news |title=Yemen still close to al Qaeda's heart |author=Scheuer, Michael |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/JB07Ak01.html |newspaper=Asia Times |date=February 7, 2008 |accessdate=December 31, 2013 |archive-date=July 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702080545/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/JB07Ak01.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> honorable mention: im rfl === FC Schalke 04 === [szerkesztés] Neuer 1991-ben került az FC Schalke 04 csapatához. Végigjárta az összes korosztályos csapatot, majd 2005-ben profi szerződést kapott, ami egészen 2012-ig élt. Neuer 2005. október 12-én megkapta a Fritz Walter-érmet kiemelkedő eredményeiért a pályán és azon kívül. Az első bajnokiját 2006. augusztus 19-én játszotta a Tivoli-ban az Alemannia Aachen ellen. A 2006/2007-es szezonban Frank Rost helyett Mirko Slomka őt állította a kapuba. 19 meccset játszott és sok jó kritikát kapott modern játékáért. A 2006/2007-es szezonban megválasztották a Bundesliga legjobb kapusának. 2008-ban a Porto ellen kiválóan védett a BL negyeddöntőjében, több büntetőt is megfogott a tizenegyes párbajban ezzel segítve csapatát, hogy a nyolcaddöntőbe jusson. A 2010/2011-es szezonban Felix Magath kinevezte őt a Schalke csapatkapitányának, miután Heiko Westermann eligazolt a Hamburger SV {{Reflist|3}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Laden, Osama bin}} [[Category:1957 births]] [[Category:2011 deaths]] [[Category:al-Qaeda people]] [[Category:Deaths by firearm]] [[Category:Saudi Arabian people]] [[Category:September 11 attacks]] cc9pitcc74y9gfrox1wmyeh3zs9b4su 10368049 10368048 2025-07-02T18:20:25Z Divinations 1530422 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/2A02:AB88:280B:6680:4B3:82A9:D2D5:26A6|2A02:AB88:280B:6680:4B3:82A9:D2D5:26A6]] ([[User talk:2A02:AB88:280B:6680:4B3:82A9:D2D5:26A6|talk]]) to last version by ChenzwBot: reverting [[WP:VAN|vandalism]] 10317911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Shaykh]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Trager|first=Eric|date=2011-05-03|title=Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood Sticks With Bin Laden|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2011/05/egypts-muslim-brotherhood-sticks-with-bin-laden/238218/|access-date=2024-09-08|website=The Atlantic|language=en}}</ref> [[Mujahid]], [[Shaheed]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-06-26|title=Imran Khan criticised after calling Osama Bin Laden a 'martyr'|language=en-GB|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-53190199|access-date=2024-09-08}}</ref> | name = Osama Bin Laden<br><div style="text-decoration:none; font-weight:normal; font-style:normal; font-size:85%;">{{lang|ar|أُسَامَةُ بْنُ لَادِنَ}}</div> | image = Hamid Mir interviewing Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri 2001 (cropped).jpg | alt = | caption = Osama bin Laden in the 1990s | birth_name = Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden | birth_date = {{birth date|1957|03|10|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2011|5|2|1957|3|10|df=y}} | death_place = [[Abbottabad]], [[Pakistan]] | death_cause = [[Shooting]] | nationality = Saudi Arabian | alma_mater = | known_for = Claimed responsibility for [[September 11 attacks]] | height = 6'4" to 6'6" | successor = [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]] | children = {{Collapsible list | title = show all (20) | [[Abdallah bin Laden|Abdallah]] | [[Saad bin Laden|Saad]] | [[Omar bin Laden|Omar]] | [[Hamza bin Laden|Hamza]] | Abdul Rahman | Amer | Osman | Mohammed | Fatima | Iman | Laden | Rukhaiya | Nour | Ali | Safiyah | Aisha | Kadhija | Khalid | Miriam | Sumaiya }} | parents = Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden,<br/>Hamida al-Attas | module = {{Infobox military person|embed=yes | allegiance = [[File:Flag of al-Qaeda.svg|25px]] [[al-Qaeda]] | branch = | serviceyears = 1988–2011 | rank = | battles = [[Soviet war in Afghanistan]]<br /> [[War on Terror|Global War on Terrorism]]: * [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|War in Afghanistan]] ** [[Battle of Tora Bora]] * [[War in North-West Pakistan]] * [[Operation Neptune Spear]] }} | imagesize = 230px | relatives = | spouse = Amal al-Sadah (m. 2000–2011)<br>Siham Sabar (m. 1987–2011)<br>Khairiah Sabar (m. 1985–2011)<br>Khadijah Sharif (m. 1983–1990)<br>Najwa bin Laden (m. 1974–2001) }} '''Osama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Laden''' ({{lang-ar|أُسَامَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ بْنُ عَوَضٍ بْنُ لَادِنَ|translit=Usāma bin Muḥammad bin ‘Awaḍ bin Lādin}} [[English language|English]]: Osama, who is the son of Muhammad, who is the son of Awad, who is the son of Ladin; 10 March 1957{{spaced ndash}} 2 May 2011) was a Saudi Arabian terrorist, who was the founder of [[al-Qaeda]], the [[Sunni]] [[Islamic terrorism|militant Islamist]] terrorist organization that claimed responsibility for the [[September 11 attacks]] on the [[United States]]. It is also responsible of many other [[Mass murder|mass-casualty]] attacks against civilian and military [[wikt:targets|targets]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.pk/Press_Releases/2011/May/PR_150.htm|publisher=Pakistani Ministry Of Foreign Affairs|date=May 1, 2011|accessdate=December 31, 2013|title=Death of Osama bin Ladin|archive-date=May 23, 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120523234533/http://www.mofa.gov.pk/Press_Releases/2011/May/PR_150.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="DeathNYT">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/02/world/asia/osama-bin-laden-is-killed.html |title=Bin Laden Dead, US Officials Say |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | first1=Peter |last1=Baker |first2=Helene |last2=Cooper |first3=Mark |last3=Mazzetti |date=May 1, 2011}}</ref><ref name="bbcdead">Aleem Maqbool. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-13256676 "Osama Bin Laden, al Qaeda leader, dead – Barack Obama"]. May 1, 2011. [[BBC News Online]]. Retrieved December 31, 2013.</ref> He was a Saudi Arabian, a member of the wealthy [[bin Laden]] family, and an ethnic [[Yemen]]i Kindite.<ref>{{cite news |title=Yemen still close to al Qaeda's heart |author=Scheuer, Michael |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/JB07Ak01.html |newspaper=Asia Times |date=February 7, 2008 |accessdate=December 31, 2013 |archive-date=July 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702080545/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/JB07Ak01.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Names == Osama bin Laden's name can be [[transliteration|transliterated]] in many ways. Usāmah bin Muhammad bin 'Awad bin Lādin ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]: <span lang="ar" xml:lang="ar">أُسَامَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ بْنُ عَوَضٍ بْنُ لَادِنَ</span>), shortened to Usama bin Laden (أُسَامَةُ بْنُ لَادِنَ). The form used here, Osama bin Laden, is used by most [[English language|English-language]] [[mass media]]. This includes [[Cable News Network|CNN]] and the [[BBC]]. The [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] and [[Fox News]] use Usama bin Laden. Often the name is [[abbreviation|abbreviated]] to UBL. The bin Laden family (or "Binladin," as they like to be called) usually use the name as a surname in the Western style. The family company is known as the ''Binladin Brothers for Contracting and Industry''. It is one of the largest [[corporation]]s in [[Saudi Arabia]]. {{Audio|En-us-Osama Bin Laden from Saudi Arabia pronunciation (Voice of America).ogg|Osama Bin Laden}} == Biography == ===Early life and Career=== He was born in the bin Laden family to billionaire Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden in [[Saudi Arabia]]. He studied there in college until 1979, when he joined the mujahideen forces in [[Afghanistan]] against the [[Soviet war in Afghanistan|Soviets]] in [[Afghanistan]]. He helped to fund the mujahideen by funneling arms, money and fighters from the Arab world into Afghanistan, also gaining popularity from many Arabs.<ref name="fisk1">Robert Fisk (2005). ''The Great War For Civilisation'', p.&nbsp;4.</ref> In 1988, he formed [[al-Qaeda]].<ref name="al-Fadl">{{cite court |litigants= United States v. Usama bin Laden et al.|vol= S (7) 98|reporter= Cr.|opinion= 1023|pinpoint= Testimony of Jamal Ahmed Mohamed al-Fadl|court= [[United States District Court for the Southern District of New York|S.D.N.Y.]]|date= February 6, 2001|url=http://cryptome.org/usa-v-ubl-02.htm}}</ref> He was [[wikt:banished|banished]] from Saudi Arabia in 1992, and shifted his base to Sudan, until US pressure forced him to leave Sudan in 1996. After establishing a new base in Afghanistan, he declared a war against the United States, [[wikt:initiating|initiating]] a [[wikt:series|series]] of bombings and related attacks.<ref name="fisk2">Robert Fisk (2005). ''The Great War For Civilisation'', p.&nbsp;22.</ref> Bin Laden was on the American [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]]'s (FBI) lists of Ten Most Wanted Fugitives and Most Wanted Terrorists for his involvement in the 1998 U.S. [[embassy]] bombings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten/fugitives/laden.htm |title=FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives |publisher=FBI.gov |accessdate=May 26, 2010 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080103044553/http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten/fugitives/laden.htm |archivedate=January 3, 2008 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/27/AR2006082700687.html |title=Bin Laden, Most Wanted For Embassy Bombings? |newspaper=The Washington Post |author=Dan Eggen |date=August 28, 2006 |accessdate=December 31, 2013}}</ref><ref name="cnnterrorlist">{{cite news | url=http://articles.cnn.com/2001-10-10/us/inv.mostwanted.list_1_saif-al-adel-abdul-rahman-yasin-ahmed-khalfan-ghailani | title=Most wanted terrorists list released | accessdate=December 31, 2013 | date=October 10, 2001 | publisher=CNN }}{{Dead link|date=December 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> From 2001 to 2011, bin Laden was a major target of the [[War on Terror]], as the FBI placed a $25 million reward on him in their search for him. On May 2, 2011, bin Laden was shot and killed inside a private residential compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, by members of the United States Naval Special Warfare Development Group and Central Intelligence Agency operatives in a covert operation ordered by U.S. President [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/02/world/asia/osama-bin-laden-is-killed.html?_r=1&hp |title=Bin Laden Dead, US Officials Say |newspaper=The New York Times }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/05/01/osama-bin-laden-dead-killed_n_856091.html|title=Osama Bin Laden Dead, Obama Announces|first1=Sam|last1=Stein|first2=Jennifer|last2=Bendery|date=2 May 2011|publisher=|via=Huff Post}}</ref> ===Marriages=== Bin Laden was first married at the age of 17 to a [[Syria]]n cousin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/08/30/world/osama-bin-laden-fast-facts|title=Osama bin Laden Fast Facts - CNN News.com|date=30 August 2013|accessdate=September 13, 2013|publisher=[[CNN]].com}}</ref> Her name was Najwa Ghanem. She was probably two years younger than he. They had 11 children. Najwa left bin Laden just before 9/11.<ref name=CNN>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/05/05/osama.many.wives/index.html |last1=Todd |first1=Brian |last2=Lister |first2=Tim |title=Bin Laden's wives – and daughter who would 'kill enemies of Islam' |accessdate=September 22, 2013 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> He was married to Khadijah (1983–1995, divorced). His next wife was Khairiah (1985–2011, his death). His fourth wife was Siham (1987–2011, his death). He was married to unknown woman in 1996 but the marriage was annulled within a few days. His last wife was Amal (2000–2011, his death).<ref name=CNN/> There were a total of nine children from these later marriages, making 20 in all. ===Beliefs and ideology=== Bin Laden probably believed that the restoration of [[Sharia]] law would set things right in the Muslim world, and that all other ideologies—"[[pan-Arabism]], [[socialism]], [[communism]], [[democracy]]"—must be opposed.<ref>''Messages'', 2005, p. 218. "Resist the New Rome, audiotape delivered to al-Jazeera and broadcast by it on 2004-01-04.</ref> These beliefs, along with violent expansive [[jihad]], have sometimes been called [[Qutbism]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/07spring/eikmeier.htm |title=Qutbism: an ideology of Islamic-fascism |publisher=Parameters |author=Dale C. Eikmeier |pages=85–98 |date=Spring 2007 |accessdate=2010-05-26 |archive-date=2007-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609120804/http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/parameters/07spring/eikmeier.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was influenced by the teachings of [[Ibn Taymiyyah]] for his creed and beliefs.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-05-31|title=Lessons From Islamic History: Ibn Taymiyyah and the Synthesis of Takfir|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/ibn-taymiyyah-and-the-syn_b_10096820|access-date=2024-10-02|website=HuffPost|language=en}}</ref> He also quoted from Ibn Taymiyyah in some of his fatwas against various countries.<ref>{{Citation|last=Hoover|first=Jon|title=Reconciling Ibn Taymiyya's Legitimisation of Violence With His Vision of Universal Salvation|date=2018|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/violence-in-islamic-thought-from-the-mongols-to-european-imperialism/reconciling-ibn-taymiyyas-legitimisation-of-violence-with-his-vision-of-universal-salvation/7B3F07C7EB82B23030688CB488C5BC8C|work=Violence in Islamic Thought from the Mongols to European Imperialism|pages=107–116|editor-last=Kristó-Nagy|editor-first=Istvan T.|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-1-4744-1301-5|access-date=2024-10-02|editor2-last=Gleave|editor2-first=Robert}}</ref> He believed Afghanistan under the rule of [[Mohammed Omar|Mullah Omar]]'s [[Taliban]] was "the only Islamic country" in the Muslim world.<ref>''Messages'', (2005), p. 143. from an interview published in ''Al-Quds Al-Arabi'' in London November 12, 2001 (originally published in Pakistani daily, ''[[Ausaf]]'', Nov. 7).</ref> Bin Laden had consistently talked about his belief in the need for violent jihad to make right what he believed are injustices against Muslims perpetrated by the United States and sometimes by other non-Muslim states,<ref>''Messages to the World'', (2005), pp. xix, xx, editor Bruce Lawrence.</ref> the need to eliminate the state of [[Israel]], and the necessity of forcing the US to withdraw from the Middle East. He had also called on Americans to "reject the immoral acts of [[fornication]] and [[homosexuality]], [[intoxicant]]s (e.g. alcohol), [[gambling]], and [[usury]]" in an October 2002 letter.<ref>October 6, 2002. Appeared in Al-Qala'a website and then the London Observer 2002-11-24.</ref> One of Bin Laden's most infamous beliefs was that civilians, including women and children, are legitimate targets of jihad.<ref>''Messages'', 2005. p70. ''Al Jazeera'' interview, December 1998, after the Kenya and Tanzania embassy attacks.</ref><ref>''Messages'', (2005), p. 119, October 21, 2001 interview with Taysir Alluni of Al Jazeera.</ref> Bin Laden was [[Antisemitism|antisemitic]], and had delivered warnings against alleged Jewish conspiracies: "These Jews are masters of usury and leaders in treachery. They will leave you nothing, either in this world or the next".<ref>''Messages'', (2005), p. 190. from 53-minute audiotape that was circulated on various websites, dated February 14, 2003. "Among a Band of Knights."</ref> [[Shia]] Muslims have been listed along with "Heretics,... America and Israel," as the four principal "enemies of Islam" at the ideology classes of bin Laden's al-Qaeda organization.<ref name="Tower">Wright, Lawrence 2006. ''The looming tower : al-Qaeda and the road to 9/11''. New York: Knopf.</ref><sup>p303</sup> In keeping with [[Wahhabi]] beliefs (the Saudi type of Islam),<ref>{{Cite news|last=Klebnikov |first=Paul |title=Who Is Osama bin Laden? |url=https://www.forbes.com/2001/09/14/0914whoisobl.html |work=Forbes |date=September 14, 2001 |accessdate=2010-05-26}}</ref> bin Laden opposed music on religious grounds,<ref name=Tower/><sup>p167</sup> and his attitude towards technology was mixed. He was interested in "earth-moving machinery and [[genetic engineering]] of plants" on the one hand, but rejected "chilled water" on the other.<ref name=Tower/><sup>p172</sup> His viewpoints and methods of achieving them led to him been designated as a terrorist by scholars,<ref>John Randal 2005. ''Osama: the making of a terrorist'' Tauris.</ref><ref>''A Capitol Idea'' Donald E. Abelson p. 208.</ref> journalists from the New York Times,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/08/us/nationalspecial3/08padilla.html?_r=1&sq=islamist%20osama&st=nyt&adxnnl=1&oref=slogin&scp=7&adxnnlx=1214784198-I4IcWDM+QsboskeLb729pg |title=Mysteries, legal and sartorial, at Padilla Trial |work=The New York Times |author=Abby Goodnough |date=July 8, 2007 |accessdate=2010-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/17/world/after-the-attacks-the-strategy-a-new-war-and-its-scale.html?sec=&spon=&&scp=7&sq=%22terrorist%20osama%20%22&st=cse |title=After the attacks: the strategy; a new war and its scale |work=The New York Times |author=Michael R. Gordon |date=September 17, 2001 |accessdate=2010-05-28}}</ref> the [[British Broadcasting Corporation]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7412036.stm |title=Is global terror threat falling? |publisher=BBC News |author= |date=May 21, 2008 |accessdate=2010-05-28}}</ref> Qatari news station [[Al Jazeera]],<ref>[http://english.aljazeera.net/programmes/rizkhan/2008/08/20088161083773835.html "Osama bin Laden's operation" has "perpetrated the worst act of terrorism ever witnessed on US soil".]</ref> analysts such as Peter Bergen,<ref name=Bergen>Peter L. Bergen 2006. ''The Osama bin Laden I know: an oral history of al Quaeda's leader''. New York: Free Press, 2006</ref> Michael Scheuer,<ref>Michael Scheuer 2006. ''Through our enemies' Eyes: Osama bin Laden, radical Islam, and the future of America'' Potomac Books.</ref> Marc Sageman,<ref>Marc Sageman 2008. ''Leaderless Jihad: terror networks in the twenty-first century'' University of Pennsylvania Press.</ref> and Bruce Hoffman<ref>{{Cite news|url= |title=Redefining Counterterrorism: the terrorist leader as CEO |publisher=RAND Review |author=Bruce Hoffman |date=Spring 2004 }}</ref><ref>Peter Brookes 2005. ''A devil's triangle: terrorism, weapons of mass destruction, and rogue states'' Rowman & Littlefield.</ref> and he was indicted on terrorism charges by law enforcement agencies in [[Madrid]], New York City, and [[Tripoli]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.interpol.int/Public/Data/Wanted/Notices/Data/1998/32/1998_20232.asp |title=Wanted: Usama Bin Laden |publisher=[[Interpol]] |accessdate=2010-05-28 |archive-date=2004-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041211102312/http://www.interpol.int/public/data/wanted/notices/data/1998/32/1998_20232.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> He stayed in hiding until he was killed by the United States in Pakistan, in May 2011. ===Downfall and death=== {{main|Death of Osama bin Laden}} [[File:Obama and Biden await updates on bin Laden.jpg|thumb|right|230px|[[White House]] staff wait for news.]] U.S. President Barack Obama launched a mission, "Operation Neptune Spear", where United States Special Operation forces raided bin Laden's hideout compound. On the night of 2 May 2011 (Pakistani time; 1 May 2011 U.S. time), bin Laden was killed by bullets to the chest and head. His body was [[buried at sea]] later that day so there would be no grave. {{clear}} == References == {{Commonscat}} {{Reflist|3}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Laden, Osama bin}} [[Category:1957 births]] [[Category:2011 deaths]] [[Category:al-Qaeda people]] [[Category:Deaths by firearm]] [[Category:Saudi Arabian people]] [[Category:September 11 attacks]] apt2wfgf25zpeic5sn4ja6v0zfryuwg 10368056 10368049 2025-07-02T18:23:13Z 188.121.204.147 10368056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Shaykh]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Trager|first=Eric|date=2011-05-03|title=Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood Sticks With Bin Laden|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2011/05/egypts-muslim-brotherhood-sticks-with-bin-laden/238218/|access-date=2024-09-08|website=The Atlantic|language=en}}</ref> [[Mujahid]], [[Shaheed]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-06-26|title=Imran Khan criticised after calling Osama Bin Laden a 'martyr'|language=en-GB|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-53190199|access-date=2024-09-08}}</ref> | name = Osama Bin Laden<br><div style="text-decoration:none; font-weight:normal; font-style:normal; font-size:85%;">{{lang|ar|أُسَامَةُ بْنُ لَادِنَ}}</div> | image = Hamid Mir interviewing Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri 2001 (cropped).jpg | alt = | caption = Osama bin Laden in the 1990s | birth_name = Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden | birth_date = {{birth date|1957|03|10|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2011|5|2|1957|3|10|df=y}} | death_place = [[Abbottabad]], [[Pakistan]] | death_cause = [[Shooting]] | nationality = Saudi Arabian | alma_mater = | known_for = Claimed responsibility for [[September 11 attacks]] | height = 6'4" to 6'6" | successor = [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]] | children = {{Collapsible list | title = show all (20) | [[Abdallah bin Laden|Abdallah]] | [[Saad bin Laden|Saad]] | [[Omar bin Laden|Omar]] | [[Hamza bin Laden|Hamza]] | Abdul Rahman | Amer | Osman | Mohammed | Fatima | Iman | Laden | Rukhaiya | Nour | Ali | Safiyah | Aisha | Kadhija | Khalid | Miriam | Sumaiya }} | parents = Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden,<br/>Hamida al-Attas | module = {{Infobox military person|embed=yes | allegiance = [[File:Flag of al-Qaeda.svg|25px]] [[al-Qaeda]] | branch = | serviceyears = 1988–2011 | rank = | battles = [[Soviet war in Afghanistan]]<br /> [[War on Terror|Global War on Terrorism]]: * [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|War in Afghanistan]] ** [[Battle of Tora Bora]] * [[War in North-West Pakistan]] * [[Operation Neptune Spear]] }} | imagesize = 230px | relatives = | spouse = Amal al-Sadah (m. 2000–2011)<br>Siham Sabar (m. 1987–2011)<br>Khairiah Sabar (m. 1985–2011)<br>Khadijah Sharif (m. 1983–1990)<br>Najwa bin Laden (m. 1974–2001) }} '''Osama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Laden''' ({{lang-ar|أُسَامَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ بْنُ عَوَضٍ بْنُ لَادِنَ|translit=Usāma bin Muḥammad bin ‘Awaḍ bin Lādin}} [[English language|English]]: Osama, who is the son of Muhammad, who is the son of Awad, who is the son of Ladin; 10 March 1957{{spaced ndash}} 2 May 2011) was a Saudi Arabian terrorist, who was the founder of [[al-Qaeda]], the [[Sunni]] [[Islamic terrorism|militant Islamist]] terrorist organization that claimed responsibility for the [[September 11 attacks]] on the [[United States]]. It is also responsible of many other [[Mass murder|mass-casualty]] attacks against civilian and military [[wikt:targets|targets]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.pk/Press_Releases/2011/May/PR_150.htm|publisher=Pakistani Ministry Of Foreign Affairs|date=May 1, 2011|accessdate=December 31, 2013|title=Death of Osama bin Ladin|archive-date=May 23, 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120523234533/http://www.mofa.gov.pk/Press_Releases/2011/May/PR_150.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="DeathNYT">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/02/world/asia/osama-bin-laden-is-killed.html |title=Bin Laden Dead, US Officials Say |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | first1=Peter |last1=Baker |first2=Helene |last2=Cooper |first3=Mark |last3=Mazzetti |date=May 1, 2011}}</ref><ref name="bbcdead">Aleem Maqbool. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-13256676 "Osama Bin Laden, al Qaeda leader, dead – Barack Obama"]. May 1, 2011. [[BBC News Online]]. Retrieved December 31, 2013.</ref> He was a Saudi Arabian, a member of the wealthy [[bin Laden]] family, and an ethnic [[Yemen]]i Kindite.<ref>{{cite news |title=Yemen still close to al Qaeda's heart |author=Scheuer, Michael |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/JB07Ak01.html |newspaper=Asia Times |date=February 7, 2008 |accessdate=December 31, 2013 |archive-date=July 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702080545/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/JB07Ak01.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Names == Osama bin Laden's name can be [[transliteration|transliterated]] in many ways. Usāmah bin Muhammad bin 'Awad bin Lādin ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]: <span lang="ar" xml:lang="ar">أُسَامَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ بْنُ عَوَضٍ بْنُ لَادِنَ</span>), shortened to Usama bin Laden The form used here, Osama bin Laden, is used by most [[English language|English-language]] [[mass media]]. This includes [[Cable News Network|CNN]] and the [[BBC]]. The [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] and [[Fox News]] use Usama bin Laden. Often the name is [[abbreviation|abbreviated]] to UBL. The bin Laden family (or "Binladin," as they like to be called) usually use the name as a surname in the Western style. The family company is known as the ''Binladin Brothers for Contracting and Industry''. It is one of the largest [[corporation]]s in [[Saudi Arabia]]. {{Audio|En-us-Osama Bin Laden from Saudi Arabia pronunciation (Voice of America).ogg|Osama Bin Laden}} == Biography == ===Early life and Career=== He was born in the bin Laden family to billionaire Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden in [[Saudi Arabia]]. He studied there in college until 1979, when he joined the mujahideen forces in [[Afghanistan]] against the [[Soviet war in Afghanistan|Soviets]] in [[Afghanistan]]. He helped to fund the mujahideen by funneling arms, money and fighters from the Arab world into Afghanistan, also gaining popularity from many Arabs.<ref name="fisk1">Robert Fisk (2005). ''The Great War For Civilisation'', p.&nbsp;4.</ref> In 1988, he formed [[al-Qaeda]].<ref name="al-Fadl">{{cite court |litigants= United States v. Usama bin Laden et al.|vol= S (7) 98|reporter= Cr.|opinion= 1023|pinpoint= Testimony of Jamal Ahmed Mohamed al-Fadl|court= [[United States District Court for the Southern District of New York|S.D.N.Y.]]|date= February 6, 2001|url=http://cryptome.org/usa-v-ubl-02.htm}}</ref> He was [[wikt:banished|banished]] from Saudi Arabia in 1992, and shifted his base to Sudan, until US pressure forced him to leave Sudan in 1996. After establishing a new base in Afghanistan, he declared a war against the United States, [[wikt:initiating|initiating]] a [[wikt:series|series]] of bombings and related attacks.<ref name="fisk2">Robert Fisk (2005). ''The Great War For Civilisation'', p.&nbsp;22.</ref> Bin Laden was on the American [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]]'s (FBI) lists of Ten Most Wanted Fugitives and Most Wanted Terrorists for his involvement in the 1998 U.S. [[embassy]] bombings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten/fugitives/laden.htm |title=FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives |publisher=FBI.gov |accessdate=May 26, 2010 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080103044553/http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten/fugitives/laden.htm |archivedate=January 3, 2008 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/27/AR2006082700687.html |title=Bin Laden, Most Wanted For Embassy Bombings? |newspaper=The Washington Post |author=Dan Eggen |date=August 28, 2006 |accessdate=December 31, 2013}}</ref><ref name="cnnterrorlist">{{cite news | url=http://articles.cnn.com/2001-10-10/us/inv.mostwanted.list_1_saif-al-adel-abdul-rahman-yasin-ahmed-khalfan-ghailani | title=Most wanted terrorists list released | accessdate=December 31, 2013 | date=October 10, 2001 | publisher=CNN }}{{Dead link|date=December 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> From 2001 to 2011, bin Laden was a major target of the [[War on Terror]], as the FBI placed a $25 million reward on him in their search for him. On May 2, 2011, bin Laden was shot and killed inside a private residential compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, by members of the United States Naval Special Warfare Development Group and Central Intelligence Agency operatives in a covert operation ordered by U.S. President [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/02/world/asia/osama-bin-laden-is-killed.html?_r=1&hp |title=Bin Laden Dead, US Officials Say |newspaper=The New York Times }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/05/01/osama-bin-laden-dead-killed_n_856091.html|title=Osama Bin Laden Dead, Obama Announces|first1=Sam|last1=Stein|first2=Jennifer|last2=Bendery|date=2 May 2011|publisher=|via=Huff Post}}</ref> ===Marriages=== Bin Laden was first married at the age of 17 to a [[Syria]]n cousin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/08/30/world/osama-bin-laden-fast-facts|title=Osama bin Laden Fast Facts - CNN News.com|date=30 August 2013|accessdate=September 13, 2013|publisher=[[CNN]].com}}</ref> Her name was Najwa Ghanem. She was probably two years younger than he. They had 11 children. Najwa left bin Laden just before 9/11.<ref name=CNN>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/05/05/osama.many.wives/index.html |last1=Todd |first1=Brian |last2=Lister |first2=Tim |title=Bin Laden's wives – and daughter who would 'kill enemies of Islam' |accessdate=September 22, 2013 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> He was married to Khadijah (1983–1995, divorced). His next wife was Khairiah (1985–2011, his death). His fourth wife was Siham (1987–2011, his death). He was married to unknown woman in 1996 but the marriage was annulled within a few days. His last wife was Amal (2000–2011, his death).<ref name=CNN/> There were a total of nine children from these later marriages, making 20 in all. ===Beliefs and ideology=== Bin Laden probably believed that the restoration of [[Sharia]] law would set things right in the Muslim world, and that all other ideologies—"[[pan-Arabism]], [[socialism]], [[communism]], [[democracy]]"—must be opposed.<ref>''Messages'', 2005, p. 218. "Resist the New Rome, audiotape delivered to al-Jazeera and broadcast by it on 2004-01-04.</ref> These beliefs, along with violent expansive [[jihad]], have sometimes been called [[Qutbism]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/07spring/eikmeier.htm |title=Qutbism: an ideology of Islamic-fascism |publisher=Parameters |author=Dale C. Eikmeier |pages=85–98 |date=Spring 2007 |accessdate=2010-05-26 |archive-date=2007-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609120804/http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/parameters/07spring/eikmeier.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was influenced by the teachings of [[Ibn Taymiyyah]] for his creed and beliefs.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-05-31|title=Lessons From Islamic History: Ibn Taymiyyah and the Synthesis of Takfir|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/ibn-taymiyyah-and-the-syn_b_10096820|access-date=2024-10-02|website=HuffPost|language=en}}</ref> He also quoted from Ibn Taymiyyah in some of his fatwas against various countries.<ref>{{Citation|last=Hoover|first=Jon|title=Reconciling Ibn Taymiyya's Legitimisation of Violence With His Vision of Universal Salvation|date=2018|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/violence-in-islamic-thought-from-the-mongols-to-european-imperialism/reconciling-ibn-taymiyyas-legitimisation-of-violence-with-his-vision-of-universal-salvation/7B3F07C7EB82B23030688CB488C5BC8C|work=Violence in Islamic Thought from the Mongols to European Imperialism|pages=107–116|editor-last=Kristó-Nagy|editor-first=Istvan T.|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-1-4744-1301-5|access-date=2024-10-02|editor2-last=Gleave|editor2-first=Robert}}</ref> He believed Afghanistan under the rule of [[Mohammed Omar|Mullah Omar]]'s [[Taliban]] was "the only Islamic country" in the Muslim world.<ref>''Messages'', (2005), p. 143. from an interview published in ''Al-Quds Al-Arabi'' in London November 12, 2001 (originally published in Pakistani daily, ''[[Ausaf]]'', Nov. 7).</ref> Bin Laden had consistently talked about his belief in the need for violent jihad to make right what he believed are injustices against Muslims perpetrated by the United States and sometimes by other non-Muslim states,<ref>''Messages to the World'', (2005), pp. xix, xx, editor Bruce Lawrence.</ref> the need to eliminate the state of [[Israel]], and the necessity of forcing the US to withdraw from the Middle East. He had also called on Americans to "reject the immoral acts of [[fornication]] and [[homosexuality]], [[intoxicant]]s (e.g. alcohol), [[gambling]], and [[usury]]" in an October 2002 letter.<ref>October 6, 2002. Appeared in Al-Qala'a website and then the London Observer 2002-11-24.</ref> One of Bin Laden's most infamous beliefs was that civilians, including women and children, are legitimate targets of jihad.<ref>''Messages'', 2005. p70. ''Al Jazeera'' interview, December 1998, after the Kenya and Tanzania embassy attacks.</ref><ref>''Messages'', (2005), p. 119, October 21, 2001 interview with Taysir Alluni of Al Jazeera.</ref> Bin Laden was [[Antisemitism|antisemitic]], and had delivered warnings against alleged Jewish conspiracies: "These Jews are masters of usury and leaders in treachery. They will leave you nothing, either in this world or the next".<ref>''Messages'', (2005), p. 190. from 53-minute audiotape that was circulated on various websites, dated February 14, 2003. "Among a Band of Knights."</ref> [[Shia]] Muslims have been listed along with "Heretics,... America and Israel," as the four principal "enemies of Islam" at the ideology classes of bin Laden's al-Qaeda organization.<ref name="Tower">Wright, Lawrence 2006. ''The looming tower : al-Qaeda and the road to 9/11''. New York: Knopf.</ref><sup>p303</sup> In keeping with [[Wahhabi]] beliefs (the Saudi type of Islam),<ref>{{Cite news|last=Klebnikov |first=Paul |title=Who Is Osama bin Laden? |url=https://www.forbes.com/2001/09/14/0914whoisobl.html |work=Forbes |date=September 14, 2001 |accessdate=2010-05-26}}</ref> bin Laden opposed music on religious grounds,<ref name=Tower/><sup>p167</sup> and his attitude towards technology was mixed. He was interested in "earth-moving machinery and [[genetic engineering]] of plants" on the one hand, but rejected "chilled water" on the other.<ref name=Tower/><sup>p172</sup> His viewpoints and methods of achieving them led to him been designated as a terrorist by scholars,<ref>John Randal 2005. ''Osama: the making of a terrorist'' Tauris.</ref><ref>''A Capitol Idea'' Donald E. Abelson p. 208.</ref> journalists from the New York Times,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/08/us/nationalspecial3/08padilla.html?_r=1&sq=islamist%20osama&st=nyt&adxnnl=1&oref=slogin&scp=7&adxnnlx=1214784198-I4IcWDM+QsboskeLb729pg |title=Mysteries, legal and sartorial, at Padilla Trial |work=The New York Times |author=Abby Goodnough |date=July 8, 2007 |accessdate=2010-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/17/world/after-the-attacks-the-strategy-a-new-war-and-its-scale.html?sec=&spon=&&scp=7&sq=%22terrorist%20osama%20%22&st=cse |title=After the attacks: the strategy; a new war and its scale |work=The New York Times |author=Michael R. Gordon |date=September 17, 2001 |accessdate=2010-05-28}}</ref> the [[British Broadcasting Corporation]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7412036.stm |title=Is global terror threat falling? |publisher=BBC News |author= |date=May 21, 2008 |accessdate=2010-05-28}}</ref> Qatari news station [[Al Jazeera]],<ref>[http://english.aljazeera.net/programmes/rizkhan/2008/08/20088161083773835.html "Osama bin Laden's operation" has "perpetrated the worst act of terrorism ever witnessed on US soil".]</ref> analysts such as Peter Bergen,<ref name=Bergen>Peter L. Bergen 2006. ''The Osama bin Laden I know: an oral history of al Quaeda's leader''. New York: Free Press, 2006</ref> Michael Scheuer,<ref>Michael Scheuer 2006. ''Through our enemies' Eyes: Osama bin Laden, radical Islam, and the future of America'' Potomac Books.</ref> Marc Sageman,<ref>Marc Sageman 2008. ''Leaderless Jihad: terror networks in the twenty-first century'' University of Pennsylvania Press.</ref> and Bruce Hoffman<ref>{{Cite news|url= |title=Redefining Counterterrorism: the terrorist leader as CEO |publisher=RAND Review |author=Bruce Hoffman |date=Spring 2004 }}</ref><ref>Peter Brookes 2005. ''A devil's triangle: terrorism, weapons of mass destruction, and rogue states'' Rowman & Littlefield.</ref> and he was indicted on terrorism charges by law enforcement agencies in [[Madrid]], New York City, and [[Tripoli]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.interpol.int/Public/Data/Wanted/Notices/Data/1998/32/1998_20232.asp |title=Wanted: Usama Bin Laden |publisher=[[Interpol]] |accessdate=2010-05-28 |archive-date=2004-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041211102312/http://www.interpol.int/public/data/wanted/notices/data/1998/32/1998_20232.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> He stayed in hiding until he was killed by the United States in Pakistan, in May 2011. ===Downfall and death=== {{main|Death of Osama bin Laden}} [[File:Obama and Biden await updates on bin Laden.jpg|thumb|right|230px|[[White House]] staff wait for news.]] U.S. President Barack Obama launched a mission, "Operation Neptune Spear", where United States Special Operation forces raided bin Laden's hideout compound. On the night of 2 May 2011 (Pakistani time; 1 May 2011 U.S. time), bin Laden was killed by bullets to the chest and head. His body was [[buried at sea]] later that day so there would be no grave. {{clear}} == References == {{Commonscat}} {{Reflist|3}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Laden, Osama bin}} [[Category:1957 births]] [[Category:2011 deaths]] [[Category:al-Qaeda people]] [[Category:Deaths by firearm]] [[Category:Saudi Arabian people]] [[Category:September 11 attacks]] cwq8ud6zla347kf2mkic262685tw8ak 10368060 10368056 2025-07-02T18:24:10Z Igor123121 1293570 Undid revision 10368056 by [[Special:Contributions/188.121.204.147|188.121.204.147]] ([[User talk:188.121.204.147|talk]]) 10368060 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Shaykh]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Trager|first=Eric|date=2011-05-03|title=Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood Sticks With Bin Laden|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2011/05/egypts-muslim-brotherhood-sticks-with-bin-laden/238218/|access-date=2024-09-08|website=The Atlantic|language=en}}</ref> [[Mujahid]], [[Shaheed]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-06-26|title=Imran Khan criticised after calling Osama Bin Laden a 'martyr'|language=en-GB|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-53190199|access-date=2024-09-08}}</ref> | name = Osama Bin Laden<br><div style="text-decoration:none; font-weight:normal; font-style:normal; font-size:85%;">{{lang|ar|أُسَامَةُ بْنُ لَادِنَ}}</div> | image = Hamid Mir interviewing Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri 2001 (cropped).jpg | alt = | caption = Osama bin Laden in the 1990s | birth_name = Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden | birth_date = {{birth date|1957|03|10|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2011|5|2|1957|3|10|df=y}} | death_place = [[Abbottabad]], [[Pakistan]] | death_cause = [[Shooting]] | nationality = Saudi Arabian | alma_mater = | known_for = Claimed responsibility for [[September 11 attacks]] | height = 6'4" to 6'6" | successor = [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]] | children = {{Collapsible list | title = show all (20) | [[Abdallah bin Laden|Abdallah]] | [[Saad bin Laden|Saad]] | [[Omar bin Laden|Omar]] | [[Hamza bin Laden|Hamza]] | Abdul Rahman | Amer | Osman | Mohammed | Fatima | Iman | Laden | Rukhaiya | Nour | Ali | Safiyah | Aisha | Kadhija | Khalid | Miriam | Sumaiya }} | parents = Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden,<br/>Hamida al-Attas | module = {{Infobox military person|embed=yes | allegiance = [[File:Flag of al-Qaeda.svg|25px]] [[al-Qaeda]] | branch = | serviceyears = 1988–2011 | rank = | battles = [[Soviet war in Afghanistan]]<br /> [[War on Terror|Global War on Terrorism]]: * [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|War in Afghanistan]] ** [[Battle of Tora Bora]] * [[War in North-West Pakistan]] * [[Operation Neptune Spear]] }} | imagesize = 230px | relatives = | spouse = Amal al-Sadah (m. 2000–2011)<br>Siham Sabar (m. 1987–2011)<br>Khairiah Sabar (m. 1985–2011)<br>Khadijah Sharif (m. 1983–1990)<br>Najwa bin Laden (m. 1974–2001) }} '''Osama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Laden''' ({{lang-ar|أُسَامَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ بْنُ عَوَضٍ بْنُ لَادِنَ|translit=Usāma bin Muḥammad bin ‘Awaḍ bin Lādin}} [[English language|English]]: Osama, who is the son of Muhammad, who is the son of Awad, who is the son of Ladin; 10 March 1957{{spaced ndash}} 2 May 2011) was a Saudi Arabian terrorist, who was the founder of [[al-Qaeda]], the [[Sunni]] [[Islamic terrorism|militant Islamist]] terrorist organization that claimed responsibility for the [[September 11 attacks]] on the [[United States]]. It is also responsible of many other [[Mass murder|mass-casualty]] attacks against civilian and military [[wikt:targets|targets]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.pk/Press_Releases/2011/May/PR_150.htm|publisher=Pakistani Ministry Of Foreign Affairs|date=May 1, 2011|accessdate=December 31, 2013|title=Death of Osama bin Ladin|archive-date=May 23, 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120523234533/http://www.mofa.gov.pk/Press_Releases/2011/May/PR_150.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="DeathNYT">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/02/world/asia/osama-bin-laden-is-killed.html |title=Bin Laden Dead, US Officials Say |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | first1=Peter |last1=Baker |first2=Helene |last2=Cooper |first3=Mark |last3=Mazzetti |date=May 1, 2011}}</ref><ref name="bbcdead">Aleem Maqbool. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-13256676 "Osama Bin Laden, al Qaeda leader, dead – Barack Obama"]. May 1, 2011. [[BBC News Online]]. Retrieved December 31, 2013.</ref> He was a Saudi Arabian, a member of the wealthy [[bin Laden]] family, and an ethnic [[Yemen]]i Kindite.<ref>{{cite news |title=Yemen still close to al Qaeda's heart |author=Scheuer, Michael |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/JB07Ak01.html |newspaper=Asia Times |date=February 7, 2008 |accessdate=December 31, 2013 |archive-date=July 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702080545/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/JB07Ak01.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Names == Osama bin Laden's name can be [[transliteration|transliterated]] in many ways. Usāmah bin Muhammad bin 'Awad bin Lādin ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]: <span lang="ar" xml:lang="ar">أُسَامَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ بْنُ عَوَضٍ بْنُ لَادِنَ</span>), shortened to Usama bin Laden (أُسَامَةُ بْنُ لَادِنَ). The form used here, Osama bin Laden, is used by most [[English language|English-language]] [[mass media]]. This includes [[Cable News Network|CNN]] and the [[BBC]]. The [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] and [[Fox News]] use Usama bin Laden. Often the name is [[abbreviation|abbreviated]] to UBL. The bin Laden family (or "Binladin," as they like to be called) usually use the name as a surname in the Western style. The family company is known as the ''Binladin Brothers for Contracting and Industry''. It is one of the largest [[corporation]]s in [[Saudi Arabia]]. {{Audio|En-us-Osama Bin Laden from Saudi Arabia pronunciation (Voice of America).ogg|Osama Bin Laden}} == Biography == ===Early life and Career=== He was born in the bin Laden family to billionaire Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden in [[Saudi Arabia]]. He studied there in college until 1979, when he joined the mujahideen forces in [[Afghanistan]] against the [[Soviet war in Afghanistan|Soviets]] in [[Afghanistan]]. He helped to fund the mujahideen by funneling arms, money and fighters from the Arab world into Afghanistan, also gaining popularity from many Arabs.<ref name="fisk1">Robert Fisk (2005). ''The Great War For Civilisation'', p.&nbsp;4.</ref> In 1988, he formed [[al-Qaeda]].<ref name="al-Fadl">{{cite court |litigants= United States v. Usama bin Laden et al.|vol= S (7) 98|reporter= Cr.|opinion= 1023|pinpoint= Testimony of Jamal Ahmed Mohamed al-Fadl|court= [[United States District Court for the Southern District of New York|S.D.N.Y.]]|date= February 6, 2001|url=http://cryptome.org/usa-v-ubl-02.htm}}</ref> He was [[wikt:banished|banished]] from Saudi Arabia in 1992, and shifted his base to Sudan, until US pressure forced him to leave Sudan in 1996. After establishing a new base in Afghanistan, he declared a war against the United States, [[wikt:initiating|initiating]] a [[wikt:series|series]] of bombings and related attacks.<ref name="fisk2">Robert Fisk (2005). ''The Great War For Civilisation'', p.&nbsp;22.</ref> Bin Laden was on the American [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]]'s (FBI) lists of Ten Most Wanted Fugitives and Most Wanted Terrorists for his involvement in the 1998 U.S. [[embassy]] bombings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten/fugitives/laden.htm |title=FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives |publisher=FBI.gov |accessdate=May 26, 2010 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080103044553/http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten/fugitives/laden.htm |archivedate=January 3, 2008 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/27/AR2006082700687.html |title=Bin Laden, Most Wanted For Embassy Bombings? |newspaper=The Washington Post |author=Dan Eggen |date=August 28, 2006 |accessdate=December 31, 2013}}</ref><ref name="cnnterrorlist">{{cite news | url=http://articles.cnn.com/2001-10-10/us/inv.mostwanted.list_1_saif-al-adel-abdul-rahman-yasin-ahmed-khalfan-ghailani | title=Most wanted terrorists list released | accessdate=December 31, 2013 | date=October 10, 2001 | publisher=CNN }}{{Dead link|date=December 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> From 2001 to 2011, bin Laden was a major target of the [[War on Terror]], as the FBI placed a $25 million reward on him in their search for him. On May 2, 2011, bin Laden was shot and killed inside a private residential compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, by members of the United States Naval Special Warfare Development Group and Central Intelligence Agency operatives in a covert operation ordered by U.S. President [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/02/world/asia/osama-bin-laden-is-killed.html?_r=1&hp |title=Bin Laden Dead, US Officials Say |newspaper=The New York Times }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/05/01/osama-bin-laden-dead-killed_n_856091.html|title=Osama Bin Laden Dead, Obama Announces|first1=Sam|last1=Stein|first2=Jennifer|last2=Bendery|date=2 May 2011|publisher=|via=Huff Post}}</ref> ===Marriages=== Bin Laden was first married at the age of 17 to a [[Syria]]n cousin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/08/30/world/osama-bin-laden-fast-facts|title=Osama bin Laden Fast Facts - CNN News.com|date=30 August 2013|accessdate=September 13, 2013|publisher=[[CNN]].com}}</ref> Her name was Najwa Ghanem. She was probably two years younger than he. They had 11 children. Najwa left bin Laden just before 9/11.<ref name=CNN>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/05/05/osama.many.wives/index.html |last1=Todd |first1=Brian |last2=Lister |first2=Tim |title=Bin Laden's wives – and daughter who would 'kill enemies of Islam' |accessdate=September 22, 2013 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> He was married to Khadijah (1983–1995, divorced). His next wife was Khairiah (1985–2011, his death). His fourth wife was Siham (1987–2011, his death). He was married to unknown woman in 1996 but the marriage was annulled within a few days. His last wife was Amal (2000–2011, his death).<ref name=CNN/> There were a total of nine children from these later marriages, making 20 in all. ===Beliefs and ideology=== Bin Laden probably believed that the restoration of [[Sharia]] law would set things right in the Muslim world, and that all other ideologies—"[[pan-Arabism]], [[socialism]], [[communism]], [[democracy]]"—must be opposed.<ref>''Messages'', 2005, p. 218. "Resist the New Rome, audiotape delivered to al-Jazeera and broadcast by it on 2004-01-04.</ref> These beliefs, along with violent expansive [[jihad]], have sometimes been called [[Qutbism]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/07spring/eikmeier.htm |title=Qutbism: an ideology of Islamic-fascism |publisher=Parameters |author=Dale C. Eikmeier |pages=85–98 |date=Spring 2007 |accessdate=2010-05-26 |archive-date=2007-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609120804/http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/parameters/07spring/eikmeier.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was influenced by the teachings of [[Ibn Taymiyyah]] for his creed and beliefs.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-05-31|title=Lessons From Islamic History: Ibn Taymiyyah and the Synthesis of Takfir|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/ibn-taymiyyah-and-the-syn_b_10096820|access-date=2024-10-02|website=HuffPost|language=en}}</ref> He also quoted from Ibn Taymiyyah in some of his fatwas against various countries.<ref>{{Citation|last=Hoover|first=Jon|title=Reconciling Ibn Taymiyya's Legitimisation of Violence With His Vision of Universal Salvation|date=2018|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/violence-in-islamic-thought-from-the-mongols-to-european-imperialism/reconciling-ibn-taymiyyas-legitimisation-of-violence-with-his-vision-of-universal-salvation/7B3F07C7EB82B23030688CB488C5BC8C|work=Violence in Islamic Thought from the Mongols to European Imperialism|pages=107–116|editor-last=Kristó-Nagy|editor-first=Istvan T.|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-1-4744-1301-5|access-date=2024-10-02|editor2-last=Gleave|editor2-first=Robert}}</ref> He believed Afghanistan under the rule of [[Mohammed Omar|Mullah Omar]]'s [[Taliban]] was "the only Islamic country" in the Muslim world.<ref>''Messages'', (2005), p. 143. from an interview published in ''Al-Quds Al-Arabi'' in London November 12, 2001 (originally published in Pakistani daily, ''[[Ausaf]]'', Nov. 7).</ref> Bin Laden had consistently talked about his belief in the need for violent jihad to make right what he believed are injustices against Muslims perpetrated by the United States and sometimes by other non-Muslim states,<ref>''Messages to the World'', (2005), pp. xix, xx, editor Bruce Lawrence.</ref> the need to eliminate the state of [[Israel]], and the necessity of forcing the US to withdraw from the Middle East. He had also called on Americans to "reject the immoral acts of [[fornication]] and [[homosexuality]], [[intoxicant]]s (e.g. alcohol), [[gambling]], and [[usury]]" in an October 2002 letter.<ref>October 6, 2002. Appeared in Al-Qala'a website and then the London Observer 2002-11-24.</ref> One of Bin Laden's most infamous beliefs was that civilians, including women and children, are legitimate targets of jihad.<ref>''Messages'', 2005. p70. ''Al Jazeera'' interview, December 1998, after the Kenya and Tanzania embassy attacks.</ref><ref>''Messages'', (2005), p. 119, October 21, 2001 interview with Taysir Alluni of Al Jazeera.</ref> Bin Laden was [[Antisemitism|antisemitic]], and had delivered warnings against alleged Jewish conspiracies: "These Jews are masters of usury and leaders in treachery. They will leave you nothing, either in this world or the next".<ref>''Messages'', (2005), p. 190. from 53-minute audiotape that was circulated on various websites, dated February 14, 2003. "Among a Band of Knights."</ref> [[Shia]] Muslims have been listed along with "Heretics,... America and Israel," as the four principal "enemies of Islam" at the ideology classes of bin Laden's al-Qaeda organization.<ref name="Tower">Wright, Lawrence 2006. ''The looming tower : al-Qaeda and the road to 9/11''. New York: Knopf.</ref><sup>p303</sup> In keeping with [[Wahhabi]] beliefs (the Saudi type of Islam),<ref>{{Cite news|last=Klebnikov |first=Paul |title=Who Is Osama bin Laden? |url=https://www.forbes.com/2001/09/14/0914whoisobl.html |work=Forbes |date=September 14, 2001 |accessdate=2010-05-26}}</ref> bin Laden opposed music on religious grounds,<ref name=Tower/><sup>p167</sup> and his attitude towards technology was mixed. He was interested in "earth-moving machinery and [[genetic engineering]] of plants" on the one hand, but rejected "chilled water" on the other.<ref name=Tower/><sup>p172</sup> His viewpoints and methods of achieving them led to him been designated as a terrorist by scholars,<ref>John Randal 2005. ''Osama: the making of a terrorist'' Tauris.</ref><ref>''A Capitol Idea'' Donald E. Abelson p. 208.</ref> journalists from the New York Times,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/08/us/nationalspecial3/08padilla.html?_r=1&sq=islamist%20osama&st=nyt&adxnnl=1&oref=slogin&scp=7&adxnnlx=1214784198-I4IcWDM+QsboskeLb729pg |title=Mysteries, legal and sartorial, at Padilla Trial |work=The New York Times |author=Abby Goodnough |date=July 8, 2007 |accessdate=2010-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/17/world/after-the-attacks-the-strategy-a-new-war-and-its-scale.html?sec=&spon=&&scp=7&sq=%22terrorist%20osama%20%22&st=cse |title=After the attacks: the strategy; a new war and its scale |work=The New York Times |author=Michael R. Gordon |date=September 17, 2001 |accessdate=2010-05-28}}</ref> the [[British Broadcasting Corporation]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7412036.stm |title=Is global terror threat falling? |publisher=BBC News |author= |date=May 21, 2008 |accessdate=2010-05-28}}</ref> Qatari news station [[Al Jazeera]],<ref>[http://english.aljazeera.net/programmes/rizkhan/2008/08/20088161083773835.html "Osama bin Laden's operation" has "perpetrated the worst act of terrorism ever witnessed on US soil".]</ref> analysts such as Peter Bergen,<ref name=Bergen>Peter L. Bergen 2006. ''The Osama bin Laden I know: an oral history of al Quaeda's leader''. New York: Free Press, 2006</ref> Michael Scheuer,<ref>Michael Scheuer 2006. ''Through our enemies' Eyes: Osama bin Laden, radical Islam, and the future of America'' Potomac Books.</ref> Marc Sageman,<ref>Marc Sageman 2008. ''Leaderless Jihad: terror networks in the twenty-first century'' University of Pennsylvania Press.</ref> and Bruce Hoffman<ref>{{Cite news|url= |title=Redefining Counterterrorism: the terrorist leader as CEO |publisher=RAND Review |author=Bruce Hoffman |date=Spring 2004 }}</ref><ref>Peter Brookes 2005. ''A devil's triangle: terrorism, weapons of mass destruction, and rogue states'' Rowman & Littlefield.</ref> and he was indicted on terrorism charges by law enforcement agencies in [[Madrid]], New York City, and [[Tripoli]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.interpol.int/Public/Data/Wanted/Notices/Data/1998/32/1998_20232.asp |title=Wanted: Usama Bin Laden |publisher=[[Interpol]] |accessdate=2010-05-28 |archive-date=2004-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041211102312/http://www.interpol.int/public/data/wanted/notices/data/1998/32/1998_20232.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> He stayed in hiding until he was killed by the United States in Pakistan, in May 2011. ===Downfall and death=== {{main|Death of Osama bin Laden}} [[File:Obama and Biden await updates on bin Laden.jpg|thumb|right|230px|[[White House]] staff wait for news.]] U.S. President Barack Obama launched a mission, "Operation Neptune Spear", where United States Special Operation forces raided bin Laden's hideout compound. On the night of 2 May 2011 (Pakistani time; 1 May 2011 U.S. time), bin Laden was killed by bullets to the chest and head. His body was [[buried at sea]] later that day so there would be no grave. {{clear}} == References == {{Commonscat}} {{Reflist|3}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Laden, Osama bin}} [[Category:1957 births]] [[Category:2011 deaths]] [[Category:al-Qaeda people]] [[Category:Deaths by firearm]] [[Category:Saudi Arabian people]] [[Category:September 11 attacks]] apt2wfgf25zpeic5sn4ja6v0zfryuwg 0 15294 10368457 10240243 2025-07-02T23:20:30Z 2A00:23CC:E80A:AD01:8AA8:88A3:4BB0:ADF7 10368457 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Morocco | native_name = {{unbulleted list | <hr/>{{native name|ar|{{lower|0.2em|{{big|المملكة المغربية&nbsp;}}}}|italics=off}}<br/>{{smaller|''al-Mamlakat al-Maġribiyah''}} | <hr/>{{lang|ber|ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ}}{{nbsp|2}}{{small|{{nobold|([[Berber languages|Berber]])}}}}<br/>{{smaller|''Tagldit N Lmaġrib''}} }} | common_name = Morocco | image_flag = Flag of Morocco.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Morocco.svg | image_map = Morocco on the globe (claimed + de-facto hatched) (Africa centered).svg | map_caption = Dark red: Internationally recognized territory of Morocco.<br/>Lighter striped red: [[Western Sahara]], a [[United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories|non-decolonized]] territory claimed by Morocco as its [[Southern Provinces]]. | national_motto = <div style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.5em;">{{native phrase|ar|{{lower|0.1em|{{big|الله، الوطن، الملك&nbsp;}}}}|italics=off|nolink=on}}<br/>''{{transl|ar|Allāh, al-Waṭan, al-Malik}}''</div> <div style="padding-bottom:0.35em;">{{lang|ber|ⴰⴽⵓⵛ, ⴰⵎⵓⵔ, ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ}}{{nbsp|2}}{{small|(Tamazight)}}<br/>''{{transl|ber|Akuc, Amur, Agllid}}''</div> {{small|"God, Homeland, King"}} | national_anthem = <br/>{{native phrase|ar|{{lower|0.1em|{{big|النشيد الوطني المغربي&nbsp;}}}}|italics=off|nolink=on}}<br/>{{small|''[[Cherifian Anthem]]''}}<br/>[[File:National Anthem of Morocco.ogg|National_Anthem_of_Morocco]] | official_languages = {{unbulleted list | [[Literary Arabic|Arabic]]<ref name="const2011">{{cite web |title=Moroccan Constitution |year=2011 |url=http://www.sgg.gov.ma/BO/bulletin/FR/2011/BO_5964-Bis_Fr.pdf |work=sgg.gov.ma |access-date=2013-07-12 |archive-date=2013-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102041635/http://www.sgg.gov.ma/BO/bulletin/FR/2011/BO_5964-Bis_Fr.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> | [[Berber languages|Berber]]<ref name="const2011"/>{{ref label|Official languages|a|}} }} | languages_type = Native languages{{ref label|Native languages|c|}} | languages = {{unbulleted list | [[Varieties of Arabic|Arabic dialects]]{{ref label|Arabic dialects|e|}} | [[Berber languages|Berber dialects]]{{ref label|Berber dialects|d|}} }}Tamazight (official), Tachelhit, Tarifit), | ethnic_groups = <!--This is sourced (see ethnic_groups_year), so please do not change it without more recent source:-->{{unbulleted list |>99% [[Berbers]]- [[Arabs]]}}1% Other | ethnic_groups_year = | demonym = Moroccan | capital = [[Rabat]] | latd = 34 | latm = 02 | latNS = N | longd = 6 | longm = 51 | longEW = W | largest_city = [[Casablanca]] | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[constitutional monarchy]]<ref name="Const1">{{cite web |url=http://www.maroc.ma/NR/rdonlyres/2298ADD6-703C-471E-B924-A5E4F396FEA2/0/Texteint%C3%A9gralduprojetdenouvelleConstitution.pdf |title=Constitution of the Kingdom of Morocco, I-1 |format=PDF |accessdate=2013-01-09 |archive-date=2012-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518075239/http://www.maroc.ma/NR/rdonlyres/2298ADD6-703C-471E-B924-A5E4F396FEA2/0/Texteint%C3%A9gralduprojetdenouvelleConstitution.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> | leader_title1 = [[King of Morocco|King]] | leader_name1 = [[Mohammed VI of Morocco|Mohammed VI]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Morocco|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Saadeddine Othmani]] | legislature = [[Parliament of Morocco|Parliament]] | upper_house = [[House of Councillors (Morocco)|House of Councillors]] | lower_house = {{nowrap|[[House of Representatives (Morocco)|House of Representatives]]}} | sovereignty_type = Independence | established_event1 = from [[France]] | established_date1 = March 2, 1956 | established_event2 = from [[Spain]] | established_date2 = April 7, 1956 | area_rank = 58th or 40th | area_magnitude = 1_E10 | area_footnote = {{ref label|Territory|f|}} or {{nowrap|710,850 km<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;{{ref label|Territory|f|}}&nbsp;}} | area_km2 = 446,550 | area_sq_mi = 172,487 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = {{nowrap|0.056 <small>(250 km<sup>2</sup>)</small>}} | population_estimate = 32,878,400 | population_estimate_year = 2013 | population_estimate_rank = 38th | population_density_km2 = 73.1 | population_density_sq_mi = 189.3 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 122nd | GDP_PPP_year = 2013 | GDP_PPP = $181.9 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2013/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=33&pr.y=11&sy=2009&ey=2013&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=686&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a= |title=Morocco |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=2012-04-18}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = 56th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $5,537<ref name=imf2/> <!--Do not edit!--> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 114th | GDP_nominal = $107.1 billion<ref name=imf2/> <!--Do not edit!--> | GDP_nominal_rank = 59th | GDP_nominal_year = 2013 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $3,260<ref name=imf2/> <!--Do not edit!--> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 117th | Gini = 40.9 <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = <ref>[http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ World Bank GINI index]</ref> | Gini_year = 2007 | HDI_year = 2023 | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.710 <!--number only--> | HDI_ref = | HDI_rank = 120th | PNB_rank = 60th | PIB_rank = 60th | currency = [[Moroccan dirham]] | currency_code = MAD | time_zone = [[Western European Time|GMT]] | utc_offset = +0 | time_zone_DST = [[Western European Summer Time|GMT]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[+212]] | cctld = [[.ma]], [[المغرب.]] | footnote_a = {{note|Official languages}} [[French language|French]] is also used in official government documents and by the business community, although it has no official status.<ref name=CIA>"[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html Morocco] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210041/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html |date=2007-06-12 }}." () [[CIA World Factbook]]. Retrieved on 13 October 2012. "French (often the language of business, government, and diplomacy)"</ref> | footnote_b = {{note|French}} 13.5% fluent, 19.5% partially fluent.<big><ref>"[http://www.francophonie.org/IMG/pdf/La_francophonie_dans_le_monde_2006-2007.pdf La Francophonie dans le monde] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224074425/http://www.francophonie.org/IMG/pdf/La_francophonie_dans_le_monde_2006-2007.pdf |date=2012-12-24 }}." () ''[[Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie]]''. p. 16. Retrieved on 15 October 2012.</ref></big> | footnote_c = {{note|Native languages}} See [[Languages of Morocco]]. | footnote_d = {{note|Berber dialects}} Primarily [[Riffian language|Riffian]], [[Shilha language|Shilha]] and [[Central Morocco Tamazight|Central Tamazight]]. | footnote_e = {{note|Arabic dialects}} Primarily [[Moroccan Arabic|Darija]] and [[Hassānīya language|Hassaniya]]. | footnote_f = {{note|Territory}} The area {{convert|446550|km2|abbr=on}} excludes all disputed territories, while {{convert|710850|km2|abbr=on}} includes the Moroccan-administered parts of [[Western Sahara]] (claimed as the [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic|Sahrawi Republic]] by the [[Polisario Front]]). }} '''Kingdom of Morocco''' or just '''Morocco''' ([[Berber languages|Berber]]: '''Tagldit n Murakuc''', [[Arabic language|Arabic]]: المملكة المغربية) is a country in [[North Africa]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2011-07-12|title=Morocco country profile|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14121438|access-date=2025-01-02}}</ref> == Politics == Morocco is a [[constitutional monarchy]]. The political powers are shared between the king Muhammad VI (the sixth) and the Head of the Government. The King is the [[head of state]] (Person in charge of the country) and the most important person. The people of Morocco vote for Members of Parliament to speak for them and to help make laws for them. The Council of Ministers defines what must be done. He makes all the important decisions. Today, the Head of Government is Abdelilah Benkirane. == Geography == Morocco is next to the countries of [[Algeria]] to its east and [[Mauritania]] to its south. The [[Mediterranean Sea]] lies to the north of Morocco, and the [[Atlantic Ocean]] to the west. Morocco has a diverse geography from fertile plains, to forests, cold mountains, dry lands, and deserts. Most people live in areas close to the [[coast]], or in fertile farms. Morocco has an [[area]] of 446,550&nbsp;km². Morocco also controls most of the [[Western Sahara]] which is 266.000&nbsp;km² big. The capital of Morocco is [[Rabat]]. About 1.2 million people live in Rabat. The biggest city in Morocco is however [[Casablanca]], with nearly 4 million people living there. Both Rabat and Casablanca have large [[port]]s and industrial zones. The third biggest city is [[Marrakesh]] from which the word "Morocco" is made. == People and culture == The [[population]] of Morocco is about 34 million. People from Morocco are called Moroccans. Moroccans are [[Arab]], indigenous [[Berber]], [[Africa|Sub-Saharan African]] and [[Europe|European]]. The [[official language|official languages]] of Morocco are [[Arabic language|Arabic]] and [[Berber languages|Berber]]. [[French language|French]] is also very used in companies, universities, and in some TV channels. Morocco was part of the [[French colonial empire]] for 44 years. Some people in the north (close to Spain) speak [[Spanish language|Spanish]] as well. Spain also occupied parts of Morocco before leaving them in 1956 and in 1975. Most educated Moroccans do not speak [[English language|English]] well, or do not know it at all. In the 21st century English is being taught to students in an increasing number of schools. Most Moroccans follow [[Islam]] as their [[religion]] as a result of the [[Arab]] conquest in the 7th century. There are very small numbers of Christians, Jews, and non-believers. Morocco is home to the oldest university in the world, the [[University of Karaouine]]. ==Divisions== Morocco is divided into 12 [[region]]s.<ref>[http://www.statoids.com/uma.html Regions of Morocco], statoids.com</ref> The regions are divided into 62 [[prefecture]]s and [[province]]s.<ref>[http://www.statoids.com/yma.html Regions of Morocco], statoids.com</ref> As of 2015 the regions are: *1. Tanger-Tetouan *2. Oriental *3. Fez-Meknes *4. Rabat-Sale-Kenitra *5. Beni Mellal-Khenifra *6. Casablanca-Settat *7. Marrakech-Safi *8. Draa-Tafilalet *9. Souss-Massa *10. Guelmim-Oued Noun *11. Laayoune-Sakia el Hamra *12. Dakhla-Oued ed Dahab ===Provinces=== Morocco is divided into 37 provinces and 2 wilayas : Agadir, Al Hoceima, Azilal, Beni Mellal, Benslimane, Boulemane, Casablanca, Chefchaouen, El Jadida, El Kelaa of Sraghna, Errachidia, Essaouira, Fez, Figuig, Guelmim, Ifrane, Kenitra, Khemisset, Rommani, Khenifra, Khouribga, Laayoune, Larache, Marrakech, Meknes, Nador, Ouarzazate, Oujda, Rabat, Sale, Settat, Safi, Sidi Kacem, Tangier, Tan-Tan, Taounate, Taroudant, Tata, Taza, Tetouan, Tiznit. Three additional provinces of Dakhla (Oued ed Dahab), Boujdour, and Es-Smara as well as parts of Tan-Tan and Laayoune fall within Moroccan-claimed [[Western Sahara]]. == Economy == [[Mining]], [[agriculture]], [[fishing]], and [[tourism]] are the 4 main parts of Morocco's national [[economy]]. Also, Moroccans working in Europe (about 2 million) send billions of [[Euro]]s of [[money]] home to their families every year. [[Tourism]] is becoming very important too. Many [[United States|American]]s and [[Europe]]ns come to see the [[history|historical]] places of Morocco, live the Berber countryside life, or enjoy the warm sun and the long and clean beaches. [[Marrakesh]] is the most liked city by tourists. The [[currency]] of Morocco is called the [[Dirham]], its code is MAD. ==Related pages== *[[List of rivers of Morocco]] *[[Morocco Grand Prix]] *[[Morocco at the Olympics]] *[[Morocco national football team]] ==Notes and references== {{commonscat}} {{reflist|2}} {{Africa}} {{Middle East}} {{Authority control|state=}} [[Category:Morocco| ]] [[Category:Current monarchies]] sxwqw2rldmmfz2u2czh3523dt11vxbf 0 16174 10369132 10299649 2025-07-03T07:49:43Z 180.150.36.182 10369132 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Ancient Greek | image = Account of the construction of Athena Parthenos by Phidias.jpg | imagecaption = Inscription about the construction of the statue of [[Athena Parthenos]] in the [[Parthenon]], 440/439 BC | nativename = {{br-separated entries |{{lang|grc|Ἑλληνική}} |''{{transl|grc|ISO|Hellēnikḗ}}''}} | region = eastern [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] | era = 9th century BC to the 4th century AD | familycolor = Indo-European | fam2 = [[Hellenic languages|Hellenic]] | script = [[Greek alphabet]] | map = Homeric Greece-en.svg | mapcaption = {{center|Map of [[Ancient Greece|Ancient (Homeric) Greece]]}} | iso2 = grc | iso3 = grc | iso3comment = (includes all pre-modern stages) | glotto = anci1242 | glottorefname = Ancient Greek (to 1453) | notice = IPAs }} '''Ancient Greek''' was an [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European language]] spoken in [[Ancient Greece]] from about 1500 [[BC]] to about 300 [[BC]]. Ancient Greek and [[Latin]] are very important languages. Although they are no longer spoken, they influenced almost all modern European languages. Greek had many different [[dialects]].<ref>Woodard, Roger D. 2008. Greek dialects, in: ''The Ancient Languages of Europe''. R.D. Woodard (ed) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 51.</ref> Attic Greek was spoken in [[Athens]], the largest city, and in the rest of the region of [[Attica]]. It was thought to be the purest form of Greek. Later, in the educated [[Ancient Rome|Roman world]], children were taught Greek as a [[second language]] just as many people now learn [[English language|English]] as their second language. '''Koine Greek''' was the common language of Greeks. It was Attic Greek mixed with several other dialects. [[Homer]] spoke and wrote in an old dialect that was somewhat different from Attic Greek. The ''[[Iliad]]'' and the ''[[Odyssey]]'' are long poems that tell exciting stories about [[warfare]], [[travel]] and the [[Greek mythology|Greek gods]]. In the 5th century BC, some great plays were written by [[Aeschylus]], [[Sophocles]] and [[Euripides]]. The Golden Age of Ancient Greece inspired literature that has been read for [[century|centuries]]. == Attic Greek == '''Attic Greek''' was the dialect that was spoken in [[Athens]], the largest city, and in the rest of the region of [[Attica]]. It was the dialect that was most similar to later forms of Greek since it was the standard form of the language. It is studied in Ancient-Greek courses because it was the most common dialect. == Changes == All languages change with time, and Greek has changed a great deal over 2500 years. Modern Greek is often said to have started in 1453 AD;<ref>Nordhoff, Sebastian ''et al'' (eds) 2013. ''Ancient Greek (to 1453)''. Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. [http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/anci1242]</ref> until then, [[Medieval Greek]] was spoken. Unlike Latin, Ancient Greek did not split into [[Romance languages|many languages]], but it is still considered to be a separate language from Modern Greek. The pronunciation has changed; for instance, the letter beta was pronounced "b" in Ancient Greek but it is pronounced "v" and is called "vita" in Modern Greek. The spelling has not changed much, which gives the appearance of less change than actually happened. Also, many different vowels and diphthongs merged into "i", the vowel sound in the English word "ski". The [[tone language|tonal system]] of Ancient Greek has disappeared, but Modern Greek has only recently changed its spelling to match that change. Despite those changes, much of the language has remarkably survived intact through the centuries.<ref>Palmer, Leonard 1996. ''The Greek Language''. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, p. 262. {{ISBN|0-8061-2844-5}}</ref> A community near [[Trabzon]], [[Turkey]], speaks a dialect that is closer to Ancient Greek than to Standard Modern Greek.<ref>''[[The Independent]]'', 3 January 2011 [https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/history/jason-and-the-argot-land-where-greeks-ancient-language-survives-2174669.html Jason and the argot: land where Greek's ancient language survives]</ref> [[File:Beginning Odyssey.svg|thumb|350px|Beginning of Homer's ''[[Odyssey]]'']] ==Related pages== * [[Greek alphabet]] * [[Greek language]] ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Greek language]] [[Category:Ancient Greece]] hhicwnunsz1ylyfnaeqv82oeyeo9fuf 0 16323 10368730 10323654 2025-07-03T02:22:06Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368730 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Red Cross, Red Crescent, Red Crystal logo.svg|250px|right|thumb|Red Cross, Red Crescent, Red Crystal logo]] '''First aid''' is promptly helping people who are suddenly sick ([[Disease|illnesses]]) or hurt ([[Injury|injuries]] or body damage). For example, first aid is used at [[accident]]<nowiki/>s to help an injured person until they get medical treatment (help by [[Medical doctor|doctors]], [[nurse]]s or [[ambulance]]s). First aid is also used to help people who suddenly become sick, until help arrives or they can be taken to medical care.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Russell|first=Ray|date=2024-04-16|title=Empowering Communities with Spanish Mental Health First Aid Courses|url=https://www.mentalhealthfirstaid.org/2024/04/empowering-communities-with-spanish-mental-health-first-aid-courses/|access-date=2024-04-17|website=Mental Health First Aid|language=en-US}}</ref> A person does not need much equipment to give first aid. A package of things useful to give first aid is called a [[first aid kit]]. Lives can be saved even without a first aid kit. What is required is basic knowledge. First aid can be done just about anywhere that an [[emergency]] requires. In places far from [[hospital]]s, first aid may be the only help possible until the person can be taken to a hospital or [[clinic]]. [[Emergency medical dispatcher]]s are trained in first aid, so that if there is an [[medical emergency|emergency]], they can give the caller some information on what to do until the ambulance arrives. This can include the “C–A–B" listed below. == Goals of first aid == First aid skills are kept simple on purpose so that people can remember and use them in an emergency to save at least one life. One set of goals of first aid is called the "''Three P's''": * '''P'''reserve life – stop the person from [[Death|dying]] * '''P'''revent further injury – stop the person from being injured even more. If possible, an injured person should not be moved. First aid can include how to safely move injured people or move them anyway with less harm if there is no choice. * '''P'''romote recovery – try to help the person [[Healing|heal]] their injuries Another set of goals for keeping a badly hurt person alive is sometimes called "C–A–B" ''':''' * [[Circulatory system|circulation]] (or '''C'''ompressions) – keep [[blood]] inside the body and the [[heart]] beating. '''C'''ompressions refers to a part of [[Cardiopulmonary resuscitation|CPR]] called Hands Only CPR, where someone pushes with their hands on the center of a person's chest over and over again to keep blood flowing to the brain. This requires no kit and only a little training. Emergency medical dispatchers can tell a person how by telephone or radio. ** Keeping blood inside the body can be done using a piece of cloth (which soaks up blood) to apply firm [[pressure]] to the [[bleeding]] area(s). This "direct pressure" is the simplest and most effective way to stop bleeding. Others such as a [[tourniquet]], are taught in first aid classes. If a first aid kit is not there, a cloth "dressing" for direct pressure can be made from ripped or cut clothing. Traditionally it was taught to use the patient’s clothing, if practicable, as any bacteria will be familiar to the patient. * [[Airway|'''A'''irway]] – keep a path open for air to go from the mouth to the [[lung]]s. Turning an ill person on their side if they have [[vomit]]ed ("thrown up") may help keep the airway open so they can breathe. Moving a hurt person can make their injuries worse. But without an airway, a person cannot breathe and will soon die unless an airway can be re-opened. A choking person with no airway can be helped with abdominal thrusts, sometimes called the Heimlich maneuver. * [[Breathing|'''B'''reathing]] – move air from the outside into the lungs. "Giving breaths" is blowing air into someone else's mouth while holding their nose shut and watching their chest rise from the air you blow in. This is taught as part of CPR. A helper could get sick from "giving breaths" to someone who has a disease. A CPR class can teach how to use a CPR mask to make this much safer. A first aid kit may include a CPR mask or barrier device. == Training == [[File:Algérien Au travail 06.jpg|thumb|First aid by firefighters.]] People can learn about first aid from books ("manuals") and videos. A good first aid kit will often include a simple First Aid Guide. It is best to have good training to give first aid. In addition to books and videos, good training includes a good teacher and the chance to practice. For example, CPR is practiced on a dummy called a mannequin, so a student can learn to push down on someone's chest in an emergency without actually doing it to a person. The teacher makes sure the first aid student is doing the skill correctly. Training can be given by an organization or by a professional medical person, like a doctor, a nurse, or a [[paramedic]]. Organizations that teach first aid include the [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|International Red Cross]], schools, hospitals, the military, [[Scouting|Scout groups]] they fully train in first aid, and rescue groups such as [[fire department]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First-aid training held at S Waziristan school|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/1128273-first-aid-training-held-at-s-waziristan-school|access-date=2024-04-17|website=www.thenews.com.pk|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Coleman|first=Beverly|last2=Karim|first2=Anas|date=2023-07-05|title=First Aid Signs and Symbols|url=https://humanfocus.co.uk/blog/first-aid-signs-and-symbols/|access-date=2024-04-17|website=Human Focus|language=en-GB}}</ref> The level of training needed to be a first aid helper changes from country to country. For example, in the [[United Kingdom]] and the [[United States]], you can go on a 1-day course to become a first aid giver. In the [[UK|U.K.]], you can go on a 4-day course for emergencies in a place of work. All [[firefighter]]s, [[police officer]]s, and [[soldier]]s are trained in first aid during their basic training. == First aid kits == [[First aid kit]]s may be kept in cloth bags or plastic or metal boxes. They are often labeled with a symbol such as those on the upper right. A first aid kit may contain many items, but basic items that can help with first aid include: * Gloves for the helper's hands made of [[vinyl]], [[latex]] or [[nitrile]] to protect the helper's hands from blood * Dressings of cloth that can be put on [[wound]]s to stop bleeding, much like [[gauze]] pads or sanitary napkins * [[Bandage]]s of gauze or cloth which hold dressings tightly over wounds; but these are in rolls * Rolls of tape to hold on dressings and bandages * Scissors that can be used to cut tape, to open clothing and to make more bandages and dressings * CPR masks or barriers to make it sanitary for a helper to breathe into someone's mouth, which is one part of CPR * Blanket made of cloth or [[Mylar]] ("space blanket") to cover a sick or hurt person to keep them warm * A small first aid book which shows how to do first aid and reminds people who have been trained * Adhesive strips (a small piece of tape with a bit of cloth in the center), special dressings such as moleskin for [[blister]]s, and [[antiseptic]] creams for small wounds * Tweezers to remove stingers, splinters and thorns ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ==Other websites== {{Wiktionary}} {{Commons category|First aid}} {{wikibooks|First Aid}} {{Wikivoyage|First aid kit for travellers}} <!-- If you're looking at this bit of the page, with the intention of inserting the name of your first aid training business, organisation or club, and maybe a link too, then you are most likely wasting your time. You are not the first person to think of this, and on average your link will be deleted in less than an hour. It won't reach loads of people, and it doesn't do anything to improve your Google rating or anything similar. --> * {{cite book |last1=Iggulden |first1=Hal |last2=Iggulden |first2=Conn |title=The Dangerous Book for Boys |date=2007 |publisher=HarperCollins |location=New York |isbn=978-0061243585 |pages=129–133 |chapter=First Aid}} * [http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/FirstAidIndex/FirstAidIndex First Aid Guide at the Mayo Clinic] * [http://www.redcross.org.uk/first-aid/first-aid-apps/ First aid from the British Red Cross] – including first aid tips and first aid training information * [http://www.sja.org.uk/get-advice/free-first-aid-app/ First aid from St John Ambulance] – first aid information and advice <!-- PROMOTIONAL LINKS INSERTED HERE WILL BE DELETED --> {{First aid topics}} {{Emergency medicine}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:First aid| ]] [[Category:Lifesaving]] [[Category:Scoutcraft]] [[Category:Emergency medicine]] [[Category:Wilderness medine]] [[Category:Public safety]] iq6kyo1sxzhg0gqx03rgt2dtu1vtifb 0 17332 10367747 10320665 2025-07-02T14:30:21Z 180.150.36.182 10367747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Tehran | native_name = {{lang|mzn|طهران}} | nickname = TEH | settlement_type = | image_skyline = {{Photomontage | photo1a = Towers in Tehran City at night.jpg{{!}} | photo2a = Tochal from Modarres Expressway.jpg{{!}} | photo2b = Golestan Palace, Tehran, Iran (1249288212).jpg{{!}} | photo3a =ChitgarLake.jpg{{!}} | photo3b = Shahyad (Azadi) Tower 01.JPG{{!}} | photo4a = Vista de Teherán desde la Torre Milad, Irán, 2016-09-17, DD 73.jpg{{!}} | photo4b = Vista de Teherán desde la Torre Milad, Irán, 2016-09-17, DD 76.jpg{{!}} | photo5a = Shahrtheater.jpg{{!}} | photo5b = پارک آب و آتش، تهران Water and Fire Park, Tehran - panoramio.jpg{{!}} | spacing = 2 | size = 270 | foot_montage = }} | image_seal = | image_caption = | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Iran | pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_mapsize = | subdivision_type = [[List of countries|Country]] | subdivision_name = [[Iran]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Iran|Province]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Tehran Province|Tehran]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Counties of Iran|County]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Tehran County|Tehran]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Bakhsh]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Central District (Tehran County)|Central]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = [[Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf]] | established_title = | established_date = 1906 | leader_title1 = City Council | leader_name1 = Chairman: [[Mehdi Chamran]] | area_metro_km2 = 1274 | area_metro_sq_mi = | area_land_km2 = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = 730 | area_urban_sq_mi = | population_as_of = 2010 | population_note = Population Data from 2006 Census and Tehran Municipality.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.inro.ca/en/pres_pap/international/ieug07/Day1_2.pdf |title=Microsoft PowerPoint – Day1_2_Network, Transit & Travel Demand Modelling in Iran Using EMME2 |accessdate=2010-11-12 |archive-date=2011-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706182942/http://www.inro.ca/en/pres_pap/international/ieug07/Day1_2.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Metro area figure refers to [[Tehran Province]]. | population_metro = 13,413,348 | population_urban = 9,110,347 | population_density_sq_mi = 26748.3 | population_blank1_title = Population Rank in Iran | population_blank1 = [[List of Iran cities by population|1st]] | timezone = [[Iran Standard Time|IRST]] | utc_offset = +3:30 | timezone_DST = [[Iran Standard Time|IRDT]] | utc_offset_DST = +4:30 | coordinates = {{coord|35|41|46|N|51|25|23|E|region:IR|display=inline,title}} | elevation_m = 1200 | elevation_ft = 3900 | area_code = 021 | website = [http://www.tehran.ir/ www.tehran.ir] | footnotes = }} '''Caspian peoples are the largest group in Iran with 40% speaking their language, more than the 23% for Fars & 14% for Turks, Caspianis' largest city in terms of population currently is Tehran, with [[Mazandarani language|MazaniCaspianis]] being largest here even on their own,''' it is also the [[capital (city)|capital]] of [[Iran|Iran/Caspia]] and the capital of [[Tehran Province]].The word Tehran means ''warm mountain slope in Mazandarani''. Tehran is at the foot of the [[Alborz mountain range]] which the name of the tange means tall areas in Gilaki. Tehran is the 31st National Capital of Iran. It is the largest [[city]] in the [[Middle East]] & Western [[Asia]]. It is the 16th most populated city in the [[world]]. It has about 8 million people. Tehran has 4 greater counties: Tehran, Shemiranat, Rey & Varamin, all of which excepte for Rey are MazaniCaspiani. Tehran has a very large network of [[highway]]s. [https://www.ethnologue.com/][https://www.iranicaonline.org/] ==History== Tehran was well known as a [[village]] in the [[9th century]], but was less well-known than the city of Rhages (Ray). Tehran today, replaces [[Ray]], the ancient capital of Iran destroyed by the [[Mongols]] in 1220 A.D., the ruins of which can be seen 6&nbsp;km south of Tehran. In 1869/70 A.D., Tehran acquired considerable prestige and was enclosed in an 8&nbsp;km rampart which had 12 gates. During the Safavid period, Shah Safi created a military base in Tehran, and had two great [[tower]]s erected therein, which became known as ''Ghaleh Meydan'' and ''Ghaleh Hessa''. ''Karim Khan Zand'' lived in Tehran. for 4 years. In the early 18th century, ''Karim Khan Zand'', ordered a palace, and a government office to be built in Tehran. Later he moved his government capital to [[Shiraz]]. Tehran became the capital of Iran, in 1795, when Agha Mohammad Khan, became King. It is still the capital. During the reign of Agha Mohammad khan, the government headquarters were built north of ''Emam_zade Zayd''. Agha Mohammad Khan became King of Iran in ''Khalvat Karimkhani Palace'' in Tehran. During the reign of Fath Ali Shah, the soltani mosque, the Abbas_abad bazaar, and the Ilchi garden (the site of today`s [[Russia]]n [[embassy]]) were added. Nasser_e_din_Shah changed the palace from center of Tehran to Sadabad. He changed the view of Tehran from a [[town]] to a [[modern]] [[Capital (city)|capital]]. During 1980–88, Tehran was attacked by scud missiles and air strikes. After the [[Islamic Revolution]] in Iran and during war between Iran and [[Iraq]], many people left Tehran. In recent years, many professional people who lived in Tehran, left Iran for [[freedom]] and a better [[life]] in other countries. [[Traffic]], [[crime]], [[Illegal drugs|drugs]] and lack of freedom in Tehran, are most important reasons. ===Last Mayors of Tehran=== [[File:Aerial View of Tehran 26.11.2008 04-35-03.JPG|thumb|260px|An aerial view of the city]] # Mohammadbagher Ghalibaf # [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]] (''President of Iran'') # Mohammad Malekmadani # Morteza Alviri (''Member of Kargozaran Sazandegi Party'') # Gholamhossein Karbaschi (''President of Kargozaran Sazandegi Party'') # Mohmmadnabi Habibi (''Current President of Islamic Motalefeh Party'') ==Economy== [[File:Tehran Population (1956-2016).png|thumb|right|200px|[[Population]] Growth of Tehran]] Tehran is the center of most Iranian industries and [[Service (economics)|services]]. Modern industries of this city include the making of automobiles, electronics, weaponry, textiles, sugar, cement, and chemicals. Tehran is also a leading center for the sale of [[carpet]]s and [[furniture]]. ==Climate== Tehran has a ([[steppe]]) climate (BSh in the [[Köppen climate classification]]). Summers are hot and rainy; winters and falls are very cold with a lot of [[precipitation]], which usually falls as [[snow]]. Spring is mild with moderate [[rainfall|rainfall and some snow]]. The highest recorded temperature is 37 °C and the record low is −30 °C in the city(Not counting Tajrish or Rey or Mountains). ==Places== [[File:Green-Palace-Tehran.JPG|thumb|left|150px|Green Palace in Sadabad]] In this vast city, many historic sites can be admired, the most famous of which are the palaces of Sadabad, Niavaran, Sahebqaranyyeh and Golestan, the mosque of Seyyed Azizollah, the great Bazar of Tehran and many museums, such as Reza Abbasi museum, the carpet museum of Iran, Abguineh (glass and ceramics) museum, the Azadi museum, etc. Tehran has 740 [[park]]s. [[Leisure]] and sport resorts around Tehran include Abali, Dizin, Gajereh and Shemshak ski stations, the dam water ski station and the slopes of Darband and Shemiran. ==References== {{Commons category}} {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Tehran| ]] [[Category:9th-century establishments in Asia]] [[Category:Establishments in Iran]] kp5y23e691rr3yyq15bk1lq6da7si8g 0 18545 10369387 10313566 2025-07-03T10:59:34Z CallumBen13 1611993 10369387 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox character | color = #FADA00 | name = Marge Simpson | series = [[The Simpsons]] | image = Wynwood Marge.jpg | first = "[[Good Night]]" (1987) | creator = [[Matt Groening]] | designer = Matt Groening | voice = [[Julie Kavner]] | gender = Female | occupation = Housewife | spouse = [[Homer Simpson]] | children = {{Plainlist| * [[Bart Simpson]] * [[Lisa Simpson]] * [[Maggie Simpson]] }} | family = [[List of The Simpsons characters#Clancy Bouvier|Clancy Bouvier]] (father, deceased) <br /> [[List of The Simpsons characters#Jacqueline Bouvier|Jacqueline Bouvier]] (mother)<br /> [[Patty and Selma]] (sisters) <br /> Pepe Bouvier (paternal grandfather, deceased) <br/ > Bambi Bouvier (paternal grandmother, deceased) <br/ > Ferdinand Gurney (maternal grandfather, deceased) <br/ > Alvarine Gurney (maternal grandmother, deceased) <br/ > Charlene Bouvier (paternal aunt) <br/ > Gladys Gurney (maternal aunt, deceased) <br/ > Lou Gurney (maternal uncle, deceased) | fullname = Marjorie Bouvier Simpson ({{née}} Bouvier) }} '''Marjorie "Marge" Simpson''' is a character in the [[animation|animated]] [[Television program|television series]] ''[[The Simpsons]]''. The character is [[voice acting|voiced]] by [[Julie Kavner]]. Marge is the wife of [[Homer Simpson]] and the mother of [[Bart Simpson|Bart]], [[Lisa Simpson|Lisa]], and [[Maggie Simpson]]. She is famous for her very tall [[blue]] [[hair]], that is shaped into a [[beehive]]. She also is proud to have never met anyone with taller hair outside [[Graceland]].<ref>Episode: "Lisa's Rival", Season 6 episode 2</ref> Marge was named after, and loosely based on, Margaret "Marge" Groening, [[Matt Groening]]'s mother. Marge made her first appearance in ''[[The Tracey Ullman Show]]'' Simpsons short, "[[Good Night]]". ==Personality== Marge’s image is normally that of a [[stereotype|stereotypical]] [[sitcom]] [[mother]] who is sometimes seen as an inexperienced person and easy to be fooled. Despite having higher [[moral]]s than most other characters, Marge has had her fair share of wild escapades throughout the show’s history. She was once a [[police officer]] in Springfield, took treatment for [[road rage]], was once sent to [[jail]] for [[shoplifting]], sentenced to 90 days in the Springfield Women’s Prison, became a [[gambling]] fanatic, showed [[alcoholism]], was an unwilling participant in a cross-country police chase, took [[steroid]]s, cheated on a cooking competition and developed [[amnesia]]. She is also known for her persistent nagging and groaning. These are just some of the strange situations in which Marge has found herself. She also displays a surprisingly strong will. Marge is the only member of the family who normally tries to encourage the family to go to [[church (building)|church]]. She also appears to have significant athletic ability in times of imminent danger. She can speak two [[language]]s fluently, one being [[English language|English]] and the other in [[French language|French]]. [[Political]]ly, Marge supports the [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic Party]]. She once says that she [[vote]]d for [[Jimmy Carter]] ("twice" according to Lisa), supported the candidacy of their state's [[governor]] Mary Bailey, and also stated to have been really [[Depression (illness)|depressed]] when [[Lyndon Johnson]] died. ==Talents== Marge studied to be a [[painter]]. When she was a [[teenager]] she had a huge crush on [[Ringo Starr]] and painted a large number of [[portrait]]s of him. She also wrote to him, but only received a reply 25 years later. His response inspired her to enter an art contest. Her portrait of a [[drunkenness|drunk]] Homer [[sleep]]ing on the couch won the competition. She was then hired by Mr. Burns to do a portrait of him. The resulting portrait won even Mr. Burns’ praise, a massive feat in itself. Marge also is a very skilled cook. She once started a [[pretzel]] business, which succeeded with the help of the Springfield Mafia. She has entered different cooking challenges, although situations such as cruel and ruthless competitors and overheated [[oven]]s made her to lose and even break or destroy the other competitors too. In general, she is shown as a very good cook. She is especially well known for her [[pork]] chops, Homer's favorite dish. In some episodes Marge is shown being a fairly skilled photographer until she decided to choose Homer over photography. ==Appearance== ===Hair=== As a teen, Marge had her hair long to at waist length which she always wore down, but got the idea to wear it in her trademark beehive for senior prom in the episode "[[The Way We Was]]". In the [[Simpsoncalifragilisticexpiala(Annoyed Grunt)cious|Shary Bobbins episode]], her hair is shown close to her [[knee]]s, meaning that a lot of hair would be needed to create her tall beehive. Marge has admitted that her hair is not really [[blue]] but is, in fact, [[gray]]. It was revealed by Homer in "[[Secrets of a Successful Marriage]]" that Marge dyes her hair with blue dye #56; ''"She’s been gray as a mule since she was seventeen."'' It is shown in the episode "[[Fear of Flying (The Simpsons episode)|Fear of Flying]]" that Marge's blue hair goes back to when she was a small child, so this color choice may have been intended to match her original color. Because of her unusually large hairstyle, her height is reported to be 8'6", as noted by Apu in the episode "[[Marge in Chains]]". In "[[The Way We Weren't]]", her hair was blue before she met Homer and was dark at one time because of Marge [[ironing]] a piece of her hair for a long time. In ''The Simpsons'' Season Four [[DVD]] commentary, Matt Groening states that the original idea behind Marge's hair was to hide large [[rabbit]] [[ear]]s. The gag was intended to be revealed in the final episode of the series, but was cancelled early on because of its irregularity.<ref>[[Matt Groening]], The Complete Fourth Season DVD (2004) commentary for episode ''[[Selma's Choice]]''. [[20th Century Fox]]</ref> ===Age=== Like most of the other Simpsons characters, Marge's age changes from time to time throughout the show's history. In first-season [[episode]]s "[[Life on the Fast Lane]]" and "[[Some Enchanted Evening (The Simpsons Episode)|Some Enchanted Evening]]", Marge is said to be 36 years old, but her age was later changed to 38, possibly because she and Homer attended their twentieth anniversary [[high school]] reunion in one episode. In the episode "[[Regarding Margie]]", Homer states that Marge is his age, meaning she and Homer are both 38. {{wikiquote-en}} {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Simpson, Marge}} [[Category:Fictional characters introduced in 1987]] [[Category:The Simpsons characters]] [[Category:Animated human characters]] 82ax9nihdcc0iummdjrspx9wt6jydvp 0 18972 10368310 10274097 2025-07-02T21:49:01Z 2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA 10368310 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Trout.jpg|thumb|[[Rainbow trout]]]] [[Image:Biwa Trout(Lake Biwa-JP).jpg|thumb|Biwa trout]] A '''trout''' is a kind of [[teleost]] [[fish]] that belongs to the [[Salmoninae]] subfamily of the [[Salmonidae]] family. There are many different kinds of trout. They belong to the same family as the [[salmon]]. Most trout are [[freshwater fish]]. They live in clear [[stream]]s, [[river]]s and [[lake]]s in [[The Americas|America]], [[Europe]], and [[Asia]]. It is possible to work out the difference between a trout and any other fish, by looking for a second dorsal fin (or adipose fin). Also, you can find for spots in mature trout and parr marks in the young. {{Trouts}} {{Meat}} {{biology-stub}} [[Category:Salmoniformes]] [[Category:Edible fish]] 2u7ubp2nzp0rtq6qgc8b8rfaczkd7en 0 19328 10368370 10298867 2025-07-02T22:22:39Z Cosmcbun 777780 /* Biography */ 10368370 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ted Bundy headshot.jpg|thumb|right|Bundy in 1978]] '''Theodore Robert "Ted" Bundy''' (November 24, 1946 - January 24, 1989) was an [[Americans|American]] [[serial killer]], [[kidnapping|kidnapper]], and [[rape|rapist]]. He confessed to killing 30 women, although the actual number of murders committed is unknown. == Biography == Ted Bundy was born in 1946 in [[Burlington, Vermont|Burlington]], [[Vermont]], USA.<ref name="Vronsky, Peter Serial Killers page 103">Vronsky, Peter Serial Killers: The Method and Madness of Monsters The Burkley Publishing Group New York New York 2004 page 103</ref> He lived with his mother Louise Cowell and grandfather Sam Cowell when he was a child.<ref name="Vronsky, Peter Serial Killers page 103"/> Bundy and his mother moved to [[Washington]] where she [[marriage|married]] a man named John Culpepper Bundy.<ref name="Vronsky, Peter Serial Killers page 103"/> As a child in Washington, Bundy was a good student and went to [[church]] often, yet he found it hard to make friends and he began [[stealing]]. As a young man, Bundy became involved in politics and got with a woman named Diane Edwards, known better by the pseudonym Stephanie Brooks. She left him, and he went on his own for a while. After seeing that he had improved, she got back together with him, but he proposed and left her a few days later. This is when the [[murder]]s began. The people that Bundy would murder were much like this lady: young, white skinned ([[Caucasian]]), and with long dark hair parted in the middle. Bundy's first known murders were in 1974 with his first known violent attack on January 4 when he crept into the room of an 18-year-old girl called Joni Lenz and beat her with a [[crowbar]] while she was asleep. He then sexually assaulted ([[rape]]d) her with a metal rod that he took from the bed. She was found the next morning in a pool of blood. She was not killed but would remain in a [[coma]] and suffered [[brain damage]] (damage to the brain that stops the body from working properly). A few weeks later on [[January 31]], Bundy broke into another woman's basement and beat her over the head. He then dressed her, wrapped her in blankets, and carried her away. She was found a year later in [[Seattle, Washington]] with no head. In between this time and [[June]] [[1974]], he killed eight more women in Washington. In June, he kidnapped Janice Ott and Denise Naslund from a park near Seattle. These attacks, unlike the attacks before, were in 'broad daylight' - in front of other people. In the autumn Bundy moved to [[Utah]]<ref>Michaud, Stephen G. ; Hugh Aynesworth The Only Living Witness: The True Story of Serial Killer Ted Bundy Authorlink Press July 1999 page 99</ref> to begin studying [[law]] at the University of Utah.<ref>Holmes, Ronald M. ; Stephen T. Holmes Serial Murder 3rd Edition Sage Publications Inc. 2010 page 236</ref> He began killing again in [[October]] 1974. Bundy kidnapped and killed three girls in October 1974, one of them being the daughter of a police officer. On November 8, Bundy told a girl that he was a [[police officer]] and he told her to get in his car. She did, believing he really was a police officer. He then tried to handcuff her but she would not let him and she jumped out of the car and escaped. Bundy was angry that she had got away and so a few hours later he kidnapped another girl and killed her. Her body was never found. Bundy was still living in Utah in 1975 and was still attending law school but he began only killing people in [[Colorado]]. Bundy kidnapped and killed four women from Colorado and one more from Utah in the first half of 1975 (January to June). On August 16, 1975, Bundy was arrested for not stopping his car when ordered to by a police officer.<ref>Rule, Ann The Stranger Beside Me: The Shocking Inside Story of Serial Killer Ted Bundy Pocket Books New York New York 2009 pages 166-169</ref> When they searched his car they found a ski mask, a crowbar, handcuffs, trash bags, and other items that they thought he must have been using to [[burglarize]] houses. The police then noticed that his car was the car the girl who escaped had told them about. Bundy was sentenced on March 1, 1976, to fifteen years in prison for kidnapping her. Bundy escaped from the police twice in 1977 before he could be sentenced for the murders he had committed. By early 1978 he had made his way to [[Florida]] where he killed two more women and injured three others. After that he murdered a 12-year-old girl called Kimberley Leach. She was the last girl murdered by Bundy before he was stopped by a police officer on February 15, 1978. Bundy had [[antisocial personality disorder]]. He went on [[trial]] on June 25 until July 31 for the murders he had committed. He was sentenced to 3 death sentences, and was going to be executed by the [[electric chair]]. In the time he was in prison and waiting to be executed he helped the police investigate other murders and in 1988 he admitted to having killed eight more women than he was tried for. Bundy was executed by the use of the electric chair at the [[Florida State Prison]] on January 24, 1989. He was 42 years old. == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bundy, Ted}} [[Category:American kidnappers]] [[Category:American rapists]] [[Category:Executed American serial killers]] [[Category:People executed by electric chair]] [[Category:People from Burlington, Vermont]] [[Category:People with antisocial personality disorder]] [[Category:1946 births]] [[Category:1989 deaths]] gl31uu08gcuntzzad4l14a6lqih7cg1 0 20284 10368959 10284678 2025-07-03T04:43:36Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 typo: duplication 10368959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = | image = Henry Fonda in Warlock.jpg | imagesize = | caption = Fonda in ''[[Warlock (1959 film)|Warlock]]'' (1959) | birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|5|16|mf=y}} | birth_place = [[Grand Island, Nebraska]], U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|1982|8|12|1905|5|16|mf=y}} | death_place = Los Angeles, California, U.S. | birth_name = Henry Jaynes Fonda | restingplace = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | alma_mater = [[University of Minnesota]] | occupation = Actor | years_active = 1928–1981 | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Margaret Sullavan]]|1931|1933|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Frances Ford Seymour]]|1936|1950|end=died}} * {{marriage|[[Susan Blanchard (socialite)|Susan Blanchard]]|1950|1956|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Afdera Franchetti]]|1957|1961|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|Shirlee Mae Adams|1965}} }} | children = 3, including [[Jane Fonda|Jane]] and [[Peter Fonda|Peter]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Bridget Fonda]] (granddaughter) * [[Troy Garity]] (grandson) }} | module = {{Infobox military person | embed = yes | allegiance = United States | branch = [[United States Navy]] | unit = Air Combat Intelligence | serviceyears = 1942–1945 | battles = {{tree list}} * [[World War II]] ** [[Pacific War]] *** [[Mariana and Palau Islands campaign]] *** [[Operation Hailstone|Truk Lagoon]] *** [[Battle of Iwo Jima]] {{tree list/end}} | rank = [[Lieutenant]] | awards = {{ubl|[[Bronze Star]]|[[Presidential Unit Citation (United States)|Presidential Unit Citation]]|}}}} }} '''Henry Jaynes Fonda''' (May 16, 1905 – August 12, 1982) was an American actor in many movies and plays.<ref>{{Cite news|date=August 18, 1982|title=Obituary|work=[[Variety Obituaries|Variety]]}}</ref> He usually played a character that was an "[[everyman]]" (a humble and ordinary [[protagonist]]). Fonda was born on May 16, 1905 in [[Grand Island, Nebraska]].<ref>[https://movies.yahoo.com/shop?d=hc&id=1800010509&cf=biog&intl=us Henry Fonda.] YahooMovies.com. Retrieved on January 11, 2007.</ref> He studied at the [[University of Minnesota]]. Fonda played in his first [[Hollywood]] movie in 1935. He became very popular from his movies. He was in many popular movies like ''[[Jezebel (1938 film)|Jezebel]]'' (1938), ''[[Jesse James (1939 film)|Jesse James]]'' (1939) and ''[[Young Mr. Lincoln]]'' (1939). He was given a [[nomination]] for [[Academy Award for Best Actor]] for playing [[Tom Joad]] in ''[[The Grapes of Wrath (film)|The Grapes of Wrath]]'' (1940). In 1941, Fonda was an actor with [[Barbara Stanwyck]] in the movie classic ''[[The Lady Eve]]''. After being in [[World War II]], he played in 2 popular [[Western movie|Western movies]]. These were ''[[The Ox-Bow Incident]]'' (1943) and ''[[My Darling Clementine]]'' (1946). ''My Darling Clementine'' was directed by [[John Ford]]. He also was in Ford's [[Western movie|Western]] ''[[Fort Apache (film)|Fort Apache]]'' (1948). After that, Fonda, became a stage actor for many years. He played in ''[[Mister Roberts (1955 film)|Mister Roberts]]'' in 1955. In 1956, Fonda played Manny Balestrero in Alfred Hitchcock's movie ''[[The Wrong Man]]''. In 1957, Fonda starred as Juror 8 in ''[[12 Angry Men (1957 film)|12 Angry Men]]''. He earned a [[BAFTA]] award for Best Foreign Actor for this movie. Fonda played many characters in his later career. He was a [[villain]] in ''[[Once Upon a Time in the West]]'' (1968). He was the lead in the romantic comedy ''[[Yours, Mine and Ours (1968 film)|Yours, Mine and Ours]]'' with [[Lucille Ball]]. He also acted as [[military]] people in ''[[Battle of the Bulge (1965 film)|Battle of the Bulge]]'' (1965) and [[Chester W. Nimitz|Admiral Nimitz]] in ''[[Midway (1976 film)|Midway]]'' (1976). Fonda's last movie was in 1981's ''[[On Golden Pond]]''. Fonda won the [[Academy Award for Best Picture]] at the [[54th Academy Awards]] for this movie. The movie co-starred [[Katharine Hepburn]] and his daughter [[Jane Fonda]]. He was too sick to attend this year's Academy Awards. Fonda died 5 months later on August 12, 1982. He died from from [[heart disease]] in [[Los Angeles]], [[California]]. He was 77. In 1999, he was called the sixth-[[AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars|Greatest Male Screen Legend]] of the "Classic Hollywood Era" by the [[American Film Institute]]. Fonda was the father in a family of actors. His daughter Jane Fonda, son [[Peter Fonda]], granddaughter [[Bridget Fonda]] and grandson [[Troy Garity]] were all actors. == Personal life == {{chart top|Henry Fonda family tree}} {{Tree chart/start|align=center}} {{Tree chart|P10|v|P11||||||||||P10=[[William Brace Fonda]]<br />1879–1935|P11=[[Herberta Krueger Jaynes]]<br/>1879–1934|boxstyle_P10=background:lightblue;|boxstyle_P11=background: pink;}} {{Tree chart||||!|||||||||||}} {{Tree chart|||P1|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.||P1=Henry Fonda<br />1905–1982|boxstyle_P1=background:lightblue;}} {{Tree chart||||||`|P2|)|P3|`|P4|`|P5|`|P6||||P2=[[Margaret Sullavan]]<br />1909–1960|P3=[[Frances Ford Seymour]]<br />1908–1950|P4=[[Susan Blanchard (socialite)|Susan Blanchard]]<br />1928–|P5=[[Afdera Franchetti]]<br />1931–|P6=[[Shirlee Mae Adams]]<br />1932–|boxstyle_P2=background:pink;|boxstyle_P3=background:pink;|boxstyle_P4=background:pink;|boxstyle_P5=background:pink;|boxstyle_P6=background:pink;}} {{Tree chart||||||||||)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.|}} {{Tree chart|||||P20|v|P7|v|P21||||P8|v|P12|||||||||P7=[[Jane Fonda]]<br />1937–|P8=[[Peter Fonda]]<br />1940–2019|P12=[[Susan J. Brewer]]|P20=[[Roger Vadim]]<br />1928–2000|P21=[[Tom Hayden]]<br />1939–2016|boxstyle_P7=background:pink;|boxstyle_P8=background:lightblue;|boxstyle_P12=background: pink;|boxstyle_P20=background:lightblue;|boxstyle_P21=background: lightblue;}} {{Tree chart||||||||!||||)|-|-|-|.||||,|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|.}} {{Tree chart|||||||P22||P23||P24||P9|v|P14||P13|||P9=[[Bridget Fonda]]<br />1964–|P14=[[Danny Elfman]]<br/>1953–|P13=[[Justin Fonda]]|P22=[[Vanessa Vadim]]|P23=[[Troy Garity]]<br />1973–|P24=[[Mary Williams (activist)|Mary Williams]]<br />1967–|boxstyle_P9=background:pink;|boxstyle_P13=background:lightblue;|boxstyle_P23=background:lightblue;|boxstyle_P14=background:lightblue;|boxstyle_P22=background: pink;|boxstyle_P24=background: pink;}} {{Tree chart||||||||||||||||||||||!||}} {{Tree chart|||||||||||||||||||||P15||||||P15=[[Daniel Robert Elfman]]|boxstyle_P15=background:lightblue;}} {{Tree chart/end}} {{chart bottom}}Then he was married to Frances Ford Seymour from 1936 until her death in 1950. Then he was married to Susan Blanchard Fonda was married 5 times. He also had 3 children. One of them was adopted. He was married to Margaret Sullavan in 1931. They [[divorced]] in 1932. In 1935, Fonda started [[dating]] the [[singer]] and [[actress]] [[Shirley Ross]].<ref name="HF&SR2HF&VB">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ka-uDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA74|title=Hank & Jim: The Fifty-Year Friendship of Henry Fonda and James Stewart|last=Eyman|first=Scott|date=2017|publisher=Simon & Schuster|isbn=978-1-5011-0217-2|location=New York|page=74|quote=Stewart would take great delight in pricking Fonda's affectation of isolation, often by enumerating chapter and verse. He noted Fonda's infatuation with the actress Shirley Ross, and said that, 'We both dated Virginia Bruce.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Fidler|first=Jimmy|date=December 22, 1941|title=Turner and Taylor Top Team in Picture of Week in Sure Fire 'Johnny Eager; Seven Years Ago in Hollywood|page=22|work=Fort Worth Star-Telegram|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/636434459/?clipping_id=107566461|access-date=August 14, 2022|quote=Shirley Ross and Henry Fonda were romancing}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Carroll|first=Harrison|date=May 1, 1935|title=Behind the Scenes in Hollywood|page=2|work=The Wilkes-Barre Times-Leader|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/182204368/?clipping_id=107566352|access-date=August 14, 2022|quote=Shirley Ross and Henry Fonda (Margaret Sullivan's ex) were having a gay time at Frank Sebastian's Cotton Club the other evening ... she in a white linen sport suit and he in a tuxedo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Sullivan|first=Ed|date=June 17, 1935|title=Broadway: Men and Maids|page=31|work=New York Daily News|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/415321152/?clipping_id=107569355|access-date=August 14, 2022|quote=Henry Fonda, who clicks in the Janet Gaynor flicker, is sending flowers daily to Shirley Ross}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Kendall|first=Read|date=September 20, 1935|title=Around and About in Hollywood; Odd and Interesting Hollywood Gossip|page=13|work=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/380636061/?clipping_id=107567856|access-date=August 14, 2022|quote=Henry Fonda and Shirley Ross, who is singing in 'Anything Goes' at El Capitan, tete-a-teting at the Century Club}}</ref> By the end of 1935, many people, such as [[Columnist (media)|columnist]] [[Ed Sullivan]], discovered that they were engaged.<ref name="Lancaster">{{Cite news|date=November 1, 1935|title=Comedy Star to Wed|page=29|work=Lancaster New Era|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/560343103/?clipping_id=107568596|access-date=August 14, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kendall|first=Read|date=November 16, 1935|title=Around and About in Hollywood|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107566650/the-los-angeles-times|access-date=August 14, 2022|website=The Los Angeles Times|page=29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=November 22, 1935|title=In Hollywood: Bells to Ring|page=2|work=Movienews Weekly|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/756359405/?clipping_id=107567776|access-date=August 14, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Sullivan|first=Ed|date=August 14, 2022|title=Broadway: Dawn Patrol|page=62|work=New York Daily News|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107576270/daily-news}}</ref> However, in January 1936 they separated. It was then reported that Fonda was [[dating]] the [[actress]] [[Virginia Bruce]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Carroll|first=Harrison|date=January 22, 1936|title=Marlene Answers Mother's Plea; Ailing Girl May Get Gowns|page=25|work=The Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/524199625/?clipping_id=107577563|access-date=August 14, 2022}}</ref><ref name="HF&SR2HF&VB" /> However, Fonda and [[Frances Ford Seymour|Frances Ford Seymour Brokaw]] had met later that year.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Citizen Jane|url=https://archive.org/details/citizenjaneturbu00ande|last=Andersen|first=Christopher|date=1990}}</ref>{{sfn|Bosworth|2011|page=22}} They had 2 children after they [[Marriage|married]] in 1931.{{sfn|Bosworth|2011|page=222}} These were [[Jane Fonda|Jane]] (b. 1937) and [[Peter Fonda|Peter]] (1940{{ndash}}2019). They both became successful actors. Jane has won two Best Actress [[Academy Award|Academy Awards]]. Peter was nominated for two Oscars. In 1949, Fonda announced that he wanted to [[divorce]] Frances.{{sfn|Bosworth|2011|page=65}} Frances was very sad at this announcement. Frances went to the [[Craig House Sanitarium]] in January 1950 for treatment. She committed [[suicide]] there on April 14. [[File:Peter_Fonda_with_his_bride_Susan_Brewer_and_his_father_Henry_Fonda,_1961.jpg|right|thumb|Fonda at son Peter's 1961 wedding to Susan Brewer]] Later in 1950, Fonda married [[Susan Blanchard (socialite)|Susan Blanchard]] from 1950 until they divorced in 1956. Then he was married to Afdera Franchetti from 1957 until they divorced in 1961. Then he was last married to Shirlee Mae Adams from 1965 until his death in 1982. == Movies == Fonda was in 106 [[Movie|movies]], TV programs, and shorts. He was in many classics such as ''12 Angry Men'' and ''The Ox-Bow Incident''. He was [[Nomination|nominated]] for an [[Academy Award for Best Actor]] for ''The Grapes of Wrath''. He won an [[Academy Award for Best Actor]] in 1981 for ''On Golden Pond''. Fonda was also in many westerns and war movies. == Theatre == '''Broadway stage performances''' * ''The Game of Love and Death'' (November 1929 – January 1930) * ''I Loved You, Wednesday'' (October – December 1932) * ''New Faces of 1934'' (Revue; March – July 1934) * ''[[The Farmer Takes a Wife]]'' (October 1934 – January 1935) * ''Blow Ye Winds'' (September – October 1937) * ''[[Mister Roberts (play)|Mister Roberts]]'' (February 1948 – January 1951) * ''Point of No Return'' (December 1951 – November 1952) * ''[[The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial (play)|The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial]]'' (January 1954 – January 1955) * ''[[Two for the Seesaw (play)|Two for the Seesaw]]'' (January 1958 – October 1959) * ''[[Silent Night, Lonely Night]]'' (December 1959 – March 1960) * ''[[Critic's Choice (play)|Critic's Choice]]'' (December 1960 – May 1961) * ''A Gift of Time'' (February – May 1962) * ''Generation'' (October 1965 – June 1966) * ''[[Our Town]]'' (November – December 1969) * ''[[Clarence Darrow (film)|Clarence Darrow]]'' (March – April 1974; March 1975) * ''[[First Monday in October]]'' (October – December 1978) == Awards and nominations == {|class="wikitable" |- style="text-align:center;" ! Awards ! Year ! Category ! Work ! Result |- |rowspan=4|'''[[Academy Awards]]''' |1940 |[[Academy Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] |''[[The Grapes of Wrath (film)|The Grapes of Wrath]]'' |{{nom}} |- |1957 |[[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] |''[[12 Angry Men (1957 film)|12 Angry Men]]'' |{{nom}} |- |1980 |[[Academy Honorary Award]] |{{n/a}} |{{won|Honored}} |- |1981 |Best Actor |''[[On Golden Pond (1981 film)|On Golden Pond]]'' |{{won}} |- |rowspan=2|'''[[BAFTA Awards]]''' |1958 | rowspan="2" |[[BAFTA Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] |''12 Angry Men'' |{{won}} |- |1981 |''On Golden Pond'' |{{nom}} |- |rowspan=3|'''[[Primetime Emmy Awards]]''' |1973 |rowspan=3|[[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor – Miniseries or a Movie|Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or Movie]] |''[[The Red Pony (1973 film)|The Red Pony]]'' |{{nom}} |- |1975 |''Clarence Darrow'' |{{nom}} |- |1980 |''[[Gideon's Trumpet (film)|Gideon's Trumpet]]'' |{{nom}} |- |rowspan=3|'''[[Golden Globe Awards]]''' |1958 |[[Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama|Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama]] |''12 Angry Men'' |{{nom}} |- |1980 |[[Cecil B. DeMille Award]] |{{n/a}} |{{won|Honored}} |- |1982 |Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama |''On Golden Pond'' |{{won}} |- |'''[[Grammy Awards]]''' |1977 |[[Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album|Best Spoken Word Album]] |''Great American Documents'' |{{won}} |- |rowspan=3|'''[[Tony Awards]]''' |1948 | rowspan="2" |[[Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play|Best Actor in a Play]] |''[[Mister Roberts (play)|Mister Roberts]]'' |{{won}} |- |1975 |''[[Clarence Darrow (film)|Clarence Darrow]]'' |{{nom}} |- |1979 |[[Tony Award|Special Tony Award]] |{{n/a}} |{{won|Honored}} |- |'''[[AFI Life Achievement Award|AFI Awards]]''' |1978 | Life Achievement Award | {{n/a}} |{{won|Honored}} |} ==References== {{Reflist}} == Bibliography == * {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xpl3_q-x8gUC|title=Jane Fonda, The Private Life of a Public Woman|last=Bosworth|first=Patricia|date=2011|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|isbn=9780547504476|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780547152578/page/18 p.18]}} * {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/fondashollywoodd00coll_0|title=The Fondas: A Hollywood Dynasty|last=Collier|first=Peter|publisher=Putnam|year=1991|isbn=0-399-13592-8}} * {{Cite book|title=Fonda: My Life|last=Fonda|first=Henry|publisher=Fulcrum Publishing|year=1982|isbn=0-453-00402-4}} * {{Cite book|title=My Life So Far|url=https://archive.org/details/mylifesofar0000fond_c1c0|last=Fonda|first=Jane|publisher=Random House|year=2005|isbn=0-375-50710-8}} * {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/donttelldadmemoi00fond|title=Don't Tell Dad|last=Fonda|first=Peter|publisher=Hyperion|year=1998|isbn=0-7868-6111-8}} * {{Cite book|title=But Not Forgotten: The Adventure of the University Players|last=Houghton|first=Norris|publisher=New York: William Sloane Associates|year=1951|author-link=Norris Houghton}} * {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/mgmstorycomplete0000eame|title=The MGM Story|last=James|first=John Douglas|publisher=Crown Publishers|year=1976|isbn=0-517-52389-2|url-access=registration}} * {{Cite book|title=The Man Who Saw a Ghost: The Life and Work of Henry Fonda|last=McKinney|first=Devin|publisher=St. Martin's Press|year=2012|isbn=978-1-250-00841-1}} * {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/henryfondabiogra0000robe|title=Henry Fonda: A Biography|last1=Roberts|first1=Allen|last2=Goldstein|first2=Max|publisher=McFarland & Co.|year=1984|isbn=0-89950-114-1|url-access=registration}} * {{Cite book|title=Henry Fonda: A BioBibliography|url=https://archive.org/details/henryfondabiobib0000swee_x3p1|last=Sweeney|first=Kevin|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=1992|isbn=0-313-26571-2}} * {{Cite book|title=The Films of Henry Fonda|url=https://archive.org/details/completefilmsofh0000thom|last=Thomas|first=Tony|publisher=Citadel Press|year=1990|isbn=0-8065-1189-3}} * {{Cite book|title=Stars in Blue: Movie Actors in America's Sea Services|url=https://archive.org/details/starsinbluemovie0000wise|last=Wise|first=James|date=1997|publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=1557509379|location=Annapolis, MD|oclc=36824724}} * {{Cite journal|last=Beidler|first=Philip D.|author-link=Philip Beidler|year=1996|title=Mr. Roberts and American Remembering; or, Why Major Major Major Major Looks Like Henry Fonda|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-american-studies_1996-04_30_1/page/n54|journal=Journal of American Studies|publisher=Cambridge University Press|volume=30|pages=47–64|doi=10.1017/S0021875800024312|oclc=143830992|s2cid=143830992}} == Other websites == {{Commons}}{{Wikiquote}} * {{IBDB name}} Retrieved on 2008-07-26 * {{IMDb name|20}} Retrieved on 2008-07-26 * {{Tcmdb name}} Retrieved on 2008-07-26 * Henry Fonda as found in the [https://web.archive.org/web/20120419081818/https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.2/9X4C-5PD/p_516171004 1910 US Census], [https://web.archive.org/web/20120419082050/https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.2/M8L8-VWQ/p_234216764 1920 US Census], [https://web.archive.org/web/20120419082536/https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.2/1YP5-LZ2/p_10318963781 1930 US Census], [https://web.archive.org/web/20130731132343/https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.2/M6WB-7DQ/p4 1931 Maryland Marriages],{{dead link|date=January 2017}} and [https://web.archive.org/web/20120419083001/https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.2/88R3-RZM/p_12929898225 Social Security Death Index].{{dead link|date=January 2017}} * [http://www.virtual-history.com/movie/person/1457/henry-fonda Literature on Henry Fonda] {{Navboxes|title=Awards for Henry Fonda|list= {{Academy Honorary Award}} {{AFI Life Achievement Award}}}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Fonda, Henry}} [[Category:1905 births]] [[Category:1982 deaths]] [[Category:American Academy Award winning actors]] [[Category:Actors from Nebraska]] [[Category:American movie actors]] [[Category:American radio actors]] [[Category:American stage actors]] [[Category:American television actors]] [[Category:American voice actors]] [[Category:Kennedy Center honorees]] [[Category:Deaths from heart disease]] [[Category:20th-century American actors]] [[Category:Agnostics]] [[Category:Beekeepers]] [[Category:Democrats (United States)]] [[Category:American Grammy Award winners]] [[Category:Liberalism]] [[Category:Actors from Omaha, Nebraska]] [[Category:American military personnel of World War II]] kk5mx1y86naucvkq8lge6v83q7vwaqm 0 21019 10369194 10252928 2025-07-03T08:19:41Z 180.150.36.182 10369194 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:101031 Italie sud 055.jpg|thumb|Shadow of a [[cactus]] on a wall]] [[File:Three moons and their shadows parade across Jupiter.jpg|thumb|Three moons ([[Callisto (moon)|Callisto]], [[Europa (moon)|Europa]] and [[Io (moon)|Io]]) and their shadows move across [[Jupiter]]]] A huamal is a very dark shadow or light area on a bright [[surface]]. It is caused by something that is blocking a [[wikt:source#noun|source]] of [[light]]. A shadow's outline, called a [[silhouette]], will have the same shape as the object blocking the light. and never in the light shadows form in light and the sun. Shadows can't form when it's dark. Depending on the light source, or sources, a wide range of effects can be produced. A point source of light casts only a simple shadow, called an "umbra". A "penumbra" is the region in which only a portion of the light source may be blocked. If there is more than one light source, there will be several shadows, with the overlapping parts darker, and various combinations of brightness or even colours. The more diffuse the lighting is, the softer and more indistinct the shadow outlines become, until they disappear. The lighting of an overcast sky produces few visible shadows. Astronomical shadows are usually sharp. This is because in space the light usually does not go through an [[atmosphere]].Did you know that the sun is a star! And the sun is the biggest and main light source in our solar system. {{-}} {{sci-stub}} {{wiktionary}} [[Category:Light]] nokzhxr56c9o50qohk0wu6guazzrwvl 0 21076 10369061 9501868 2025-07-03T06:32:09Z Italianuser1922 1633096 10369061 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Former Country | native_name = Државна Заједница Србија и Црна Гора<br>''Državna zajednica Srbija i Crna Gora'' | conventional_long_name = State Union of Serbia and Montenegro | common_name = Republic of Serbia and Montenegro | continent = Europe | status = state union | status_text = [[Federal republic]] (1992–2003),<br>[[State Union]] (2003–2006) | region = Balkans | era = Post–Cold War | year_start = 1992 | year_end = 2006 | date_start = April 28 | date_end = June 5 | event_end = Dissolution of the State Union | event_pre = Constitution | date_pre = April 27, 1992 | event2 = [[United Nations member states|UN membership]] | date_event2 = November 1, 2000 | event3 = [[Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro|Reconstitution as the State Union]] | date_event3 = February 4, 2002 | p1 = Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia | flag_p1 = Flag of SFR Yugoslavia.svg | s1 = Serbia | flag_s1 = Flag of Serbia (2004–2010).svg | s2 = Montenegro | flag_s2 = Flag of Montenegro.svg | image_flag = Flag of Serbia and Montenegro.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.svg | image_map = Serbia and Montenegro.svg | national_anthem = ''[[Hej, Sloveni]]''<br><small>([[English language|English]]: {{lang|en|"Hey, Slavs"}})</small> | common_languages = [[Serbo-Croatian language|Serbo-Croatian]] <small>(1992-1997)</small><br>[[Serbian language|Serbian]] <small>(1997-2006)</small> | capital = [[Belgrade]] | Formerly Known as = FR Yugoslavia 1992-2002 | latd = 44 | latm = 49 | latNS = N | longd = 20 | longm = 28 | longEW = E | government_type = republic | title_leader = [[President of Serbia and Montenegro|President]] | leader1 = [[Dobrica Ćosić]] | year_leader1 = 1992–1993 | leader2 = [[Zoran Lilić]] | year_leader2 = 1993–1996 | leader3 = [[Slobodan Milošević]] | year_leader3 = 1996–2000 | leader4 = [[Vojislav Koštunica]] | year_leader4 = 2000–2002 | leader5 = [[Svetozar Marović]] | year_leader5 = 2002–2006 | title_deputy = [[Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro|Prime Minister]] | deputy1 = [[Milan Panić]] | year_deputy1 = 1992–1993 | deputy2 = [[Radoje Kontić]] | year_deputy2 = 1993–1998 | deputy3 = [[Momir Bulatović]] | year_deputy3 = 1998–2000 | deputy4 = [[Zoran Žižić]] | year_deputy4 = 2000–2001 | deputy5 = [[Dragiša Pešić]] | year_deputy5 = 2001–2003 | deputy6 = [[Svetozar Marović]] | year_deputy6 = 2003-2006 | stat_area1 = 102.350 | stat_pop1 = 10.832.545 | stat_year1 = 2006 | currency = [[Yugoslav dinar]] (1992-2003)<br>[[Serbian dinar]] (Serbia 2003-2006)<br>[[Deutsche Mark]] (Montenegro 1999-2002)<br>[[Euro]] (Montenegro 2002-2006) | cctld = [[.yu]] | calling_code = 381 | footnotes = &sup1;Membership as [[Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|FRY]]<br>[[ISO 3166-1]]=CS,UTC offset = +1 }} '''Serbia and Montenegro''' (Serbian: Србија и Црна Гора, Srbija I Crna Gora, abbreviated as "SCG") was the name of the [[union]] of [[Serbia]] and [[Montenegro]] that was created after the collapse of [[Yugoslavia]]. The two nations were seperated in 2006 after a vote. It was on the west-central [[Balkan Peninsula]]. It had borders with [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] and [[Croatia]], to the west, [[Hungary]] to the north, [[Romania]] and [[Bulgaria]] to the east, [[North Macedonia]] to the south and [[Albania]] to the southwest, with just over 200 km of [[coast]] on the Adriatic. [[Serbia]] and [[Montenegro]] worked together in only some political areas. The states had separate economic policies and currencies (money). Although both the states now had more freedom to do as they are pleased than they did as [[Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]], Serbia and Montenegro were still a [[Sovereign State]] united under one government. The people of Montenegro wanted independence however, and on 21 May 2006 the government held a vote to ask the Montenegrins whether they still wanted to stay in the union. 55.5% of Montenegrins agreed to be independent. On 3 June 2006 Montenegro declared independence; followed by Serbia's declaration of independence two days later on 5 June 2006.{{citation needed|date=April 2024}} <gallery> Image:Scg01.png Image:Scg02.png </gallery> {{authority control}} [[Category:Former countries in the Balkans]] [[Category:Former federations]] [[Category:Former republics]] [[Category:1992 establishments in Europe]] [[Category:2006 disestablishments in Europe]] s3gcsj07oremjptcq0kkefajgrd0pwe 0 22059 10368154 9733291 2025-07-02T19:44:18Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 −[[Category:1892 establishments in Europe]]; ±[[Category:1890s establishments in the United Kingdom]]→[[Category:1892 establishments in the United Kingdom]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10368154 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Stamp Gilbert Ellice Islands 1939 3p.jpg|right|200px|thumb|3-pence [[stamp]] of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, 1939]] The '''Gilbert and Ellice Islands''' were a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[protectorate]] from 1892 and [[Colonialism|colony]] from 12 January 1916. They are formed from two groups of [[island]]s in the [[Pacific Ocean]]. On 1 January 1976 the islands were split into two different colonies that became independent states. The [[Gilbert Islands]] have been the biggest part of the nation of [[Kiribati]] since 1979, and the [[Ellice Islands]] became [[Tuvalu]] in 1978. {{geo-stub}} [[Category:Islands of Kiribati]] [[Category:Pacific islands]] [[Category:History of the United Kingdom]] [[Category:19th-century establishments in the British Empire]] [[Category:19th-century establishments in Oceania]] [[Category:Former colonies in Oceania]] [[Category:1976 disestablishments]] [[Category:Disestablishments in Oceania]] [[Category:Former British colonies]] [[Category:States and territories disestablished in the 20th century]] [[Category:1892 establishments in the United Kingdom]] [[Category:1970s disestablishments in the United Kingdom]] ef13kx6tdrk7jj71ph7lsaszemtnr8v 0 22119 10368784 10345025 2025-07-03T02:43:18Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368784 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wawel hill (view from W-winter), Old Town, Kraków, Poland.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Wawel]]]] [[Image:POL Kraków COA.svg|thumb|100px|[[Coat of arms]]]] [[Image:Flag of Kraków.svg|thumb|150px|[[Flag]]]] '''Kraków''' (pronounced: {{IPA|['krakuf]}}; in full '''Royal Capital City of Krakow''', {{lang-pl|Królewskie Stołeczne Miasto Kraków}}) is one of the oldest and largest cities in Poland. In 2014, 759,800 people lived in Kraków. It is on the [[Vistula]] river. Krakow is the capital of [[Lesser Poland Voivodeship]] (''województwo małopolskie''); before that it was the capital of [[Kraków Voivodship]] (since [[14th century]]). During the mid-early 19th century, Krakow became an [[Free City Krakow|independent city-state]], under the name of "The Free, Independent and Strictly Neutral City of Krakow". However, it was annexed by [[Austria-Hungary]] in 1846. [[Pope John Paul II]] was raised in Krakow and was its [[archbishop]] from 1964 until he was elected as [[Pope]] in 1978. When it was later announced that the city will host [[World Youth Day]] in 2016, it will be a tribute to the late [[Pope]] who became a saint in 2014. From 2002 to 2014, the mayor of the city was [[Jacek Majchrowski]]. His successor was [[Aleksander Miszalski]]. During [[World War II]], there was once a [[Kraków Ghetto|ghetto]] in the city which held mostly the Jews of Kraków. The ghetto was liquidated for the final time in March 1943, with most of its inhabitants sent to the [[Treblinka extermination camp]]. ==Sister cities== Kraków is twinned, or maintains close relations with: {| class="wikitable" |- valign="top" | *{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Bordeaux]], France *{{flagicon|SVK}} [[Bratislava]], Slovakia *{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Budapest]], Hungary *{{flagicon|USA}} [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]], USA *{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Curitiba]], Brazil *{{flagicon|Peru}} [[Cusco]], Peru *{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Edinburgh]], Scotland, UK *{{flagicon|MAR}} [[Fes]], [[Morocco]] *{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Florence]], Italy *{{flagicon|GER}} [[Frankfurt am Main|Frankfurt]], Germany *{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Gothenburg|Göteborg]], Sweden || *{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Grozny]], Russia *{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Innsbruck]], Austria *{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Kyiv]], Ukraine *{{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Lahore]], Pakistan *{{flagicon|CHI}} [[La Serena, Chile|La Serena]], Chile *{{flagicon|GER}} [[Leipzig]], Germany *{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Leuven]], Belgium *{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Lviv]], Ukraine *{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Milan]], Italy *{{flagicon|GER}} [[Nuremberg]], Germany *{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Orléans]], France || *{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Pécs]], Hungary *{{flagicon|USA}} [[Rochester, New York|Rochester, NY]], USA *{{flagicon|Ecuador}} [[Quito]], Ecuador *{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Saint Petersburg|St Petersburg]], Russia *{{flagicon|USA}} [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco, CA]], USA *{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Seville]], Spain *{{flagicon|SUI}} [[Solothurn]], Switzerland *{{flagicon|Georgia}} [[Tbilisi]], Georgia *{{flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[Veliko Turnovo]], Bulgaria *{{flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Vilnius]], Lithuania *{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Zagreb]], Croatia |} == Related pages == *[[Trams in Kraków]] == Other websites == {{commons}} * [https://www.krakow.pl/ Official website of the city] {{Hanseatic League}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Krakow}} [[Category:Kraków| ]] {{multistub|geo|Europe}} gs29n9cb7y8w99ddz94osimk6eqyb8t 0 22712 10368399 10339100 2025-07-02T22:39:46Z 2A00:23CC:E80A:AD01:8AA8:88A3:4BB0:ADF7 10368399 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Arabs | native_name = {{lang-ar|عَرَب}} ({{lang|ar-Latn|ʿarab}}) | native_name_lang = ar | rawimage = Arab people around the world.svg | image = | image_caption = | total = '''{{Circa|450 million<ref name="Kamel2017">{{cite book| last = Lorenzo Kamel| first = Lorenzo| title = The Frailty of Authority: Borders, Non-State Actors and Power Vacuums in a Changing Middle East| url = https://books.google.com/?id=pB8lDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA25| date = 31 March 2017| publisher = Edizioni Nuova Cultura| isbn = 978-88-6812-828-9| page = 25 }}</ref><ref name="Ellis2018">{{cite book| last = Kail C. Ellis| first = Kail C.| title = Secular Nationalism and Citizenship in Muslim Countries: Arab Christians in the Levant| url = https://books.google.com/?id=e7RGDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA159| date = 12 January 2018| publisher = Springer| isbn = 978-3-319-71204-8| page = 159 }}</ref> to 420+ million<ref name="Nydell2018">{{cite book| last = Margaret K. Nydell| first = Margaret K.| title = Understanding Arabs: A Guide for Modern Times| url = https://books.google.com/?id=Wn9ODwAAQBAJ| date = 26 July 2018| publisher = John Murray Press| isbn = 978-1-4736-9091-2| page = 11 }}</ref><ref name="Caplan2019">{{cite book| last = Neil Caplan| first = Neil| title = The Israel-Palestine Conflict: Contested Histories| url = https://books.google.com/?id=DM-mDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA23| date = 4 September 2019| publisher = John Wiley & Sons| isbn = 978-1-119-52387-1| page = 23 }}</ref>}}''' {{plainlist| * [[Arab League]]: '''353,500,000'''<ref name="CIA Factbook">total population 450 million; [[CIA Factbook]]2030 estimates an Arab population of 450 million, see article text.</ref><ref name="World Arabic Language Day">{{Cite web |date=15 December 2016 |title=World Arabic Language Day {{!}} United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/events/prizes-and-celebrations/celebrations/international-days/world-arabic-language-day/ |access-date=18 December 2017 |website=Unesco.org}}</ref> * [[Arab diaspora]]: '''{{Circa|50 million}}'''}} | total_year = | total_source = | regions = '''{{flag|Arab League}}''' | pop1 = {{Spaces|3}}353,500,000<ref name="CIA Factbook" /><ref name="World Arabic Language Day" /> | region2 = {{flag|Brazil}} | pop2 = 11,600,000–20,000,000<ref name="IBGE2008">IBGE. [http://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/biblioteca-catalogo?view=detalhes&id=263405 IBGE | Biblioteca | Detalhes | Características étnico-raciais da população : classificações e identidades] IBGE: Características Étnico-Raciais da População.</ref><ref name="Ferabolli2014">{{cite book| last = Silvia Ferabolli| first = Silvia| title = Arab Regionalism: A Post-Structural Perspective| url = https://books.google.com/?id=R5CbBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA151| date = 25 September 2014| publisher = Routledge| isbn = 978-1-317-65803-0| page = 151| quote = According to estimates by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), countersigned by the League of Arab States, Brazil has the largest Arab colony outside their countries of origin. There are estimated 15 million Arabs living in Brazil today, with some researchers suggesting numbers around 20 million. }}</ref><ref name="Amar2014">{{cite book| last = Paul Amar| first = Paul| title = The Middle East and Brazil: Perspectives on the New Global South| url = https://books.google.com/?id=XGKuCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA40| date = 15 July 2014| publisher = Indiana University Press| isbn = 978-0-253-01496-2| page = 40| quote = there are, according to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, more than sixteen million Arabs and descendants of Arabs in Brazil, constituting the largest community of Arabs descent outside the Middle East. }}</ref> | region3 = {{flag|France}} | pop3 = 5,500,000–7,000,000<ref>{{Citation |last=Crumley |first=Bruce |title=Should France Count Its Minority Population? |date=24 March 2009 |url=http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1887106,00.html |magazine=Time |access-date=11 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=26 March 2009 |title=To count or not to count |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/europe/2009/03/26/to-count-or-not-to-count |access-date=30 January 2019 |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> | region4 = {{flag|Turkey}} | pop4 = 5,000,000<ref name="www.aljazeera.com2">{{Cite web|title=Turkey's demographic challenge|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2016/02/turkey-demographic-challenge-arabs-syria-refugees-isis-160218063810080.html|publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref>{{efn|Including 1–2 million native Arabs<ref name="www.aljazeera.com2"/> and 3,763,565 registered Syrian refugees.<ref name="UNHCRssrrrTurkey">{{Cite web|url=https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/syria/location/113|title=UNHCR Situation Syria Regional Refugee Response – Turkey|date=11 November 2021|publisher=Government of Turkey|access-date=17 November 2021}}</ref>}} | region5 = {{flag|United States}} | pop5 = 3,700,000<ref name="aaiusa.org">{{Cite web |title=Demographics |url=http://www.aaiusa.org/demographics |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023235625/http://www.aaiusa.org/demographics |archive-date=23 October 2016 |access-date=18 December 2017 |publisher=Arab American Institute}}</ref> | region6 = {{flag|Argentina}} | pop6 = 3,500,000<ref name="Fearab.org.ar">{{Cite web |title=Inmigración sirio-libanesa en Argentina |url=http://www.fearab.org.ar/inmigracion_sirio_libanesa_en_argentina.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620004217/http://www.fearab.org.ar/inmigracion_sirio_libanesa_en_argentina.php |archive-date=20 June 2010 |access-date=13 April 2010 |publisher=Fearab.org.ar |language=es}}</ref> | region7 = {{flag|Colombia}} | pop7 = 3,200,000<ref name="La República, 2022">{{Cite web |title=Colombia y Medio Oriente |date=26 April 2022 |url=https://www.larepublica.co/analisis/simon-gaviria-munoz-401830/colombia-y-medio-oriente-3350223 |access-date=2 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-07-06 |title=Brazil-Arab News Agency – Colombia awakens to the Arab world |url=http://www2.anba.com.br/noticia_diplomacia.kmf?cod=8701931 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706150728/http://www2.anba.com.br/noticia_diplomacia.kmf?cod=8701931 |archive-date=6 July 2011 |access-date=2022-06-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tiempo |first=Casa Editorial El |date=2019-03-07 |title=Los palestinos que encontraron un segundo hogar en el centro de Bogotá |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/mas-regiones/los-palestinos-que-encontraron-un-segundo-hogar-en-el-centro-de-bogota-334782 |access-date=2022-06-18 |website=El Tiempo |language=spanish}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2010 |title=Estimación de la mortalidad, 1985–2005 |trans-title=Estimation of mortality, 1985–2005 |url=http://www.dane.gov.co/files/investigaciones/poblacion/proyepobla06_20/7Proyecciones_poblacion.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071123051243/http://www.dane.gov.co/files/investigaciones/poblacion/proyepobla06_20/7Proyecciones_poblacion.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2007 |access-date=29 March 2016 |website=Postcensal Studies |publisher=[[National Administrative Department of Statistics (Colombia)|DANE]] |location=Bogotá, Colombia |language=es |issue=7}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2007 |title=Proyecciones nacionales y departamentales de población. 2006–2020 |trans-title=National and departmental population projections. 2006–2020 |url=http://www.dane.gov.co/files/investigaciones/poblacion/proyepobla06_20/7Proyecciones_poblacion.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071123051243/http://www.dane.gov.co/files/investigaciones/poblacion/proyepobla06_20/7Proyecciones_poblacion.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2007 |access-date=22 September 2015 |publisher=DANE National Statistical Service, Colombia |language=es}}</ref> | region8 = {{flag|Israel}} | pop8 = 2,080,000<ref name="cbs-pop-groups">{{cite web |title=Demographic characteristics – definitions and explanations (translation from Hebrerw into English) |url=https://www-cbs-gov-il.translate.goog/he/subjects/Pages/תכונות-דמוגרפיות-הגדרות%20והסברים.aspx?_x_tr_sl=iw&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-US&_x_tr_pto=wapp |publisher=Israel Central Bureau of Statistics |access-date=6 January 2024}}</ref> | region9 = {{flag|Chad}} | pop9 = 1,800,000<ref name="chad">{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Chad|access-date=3 April 2019|year=2019}}</ref> | region10 = {{flag|Iran}} | pop10 = 1,600,000<ref name="Iran">{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Iran|access-date=3 August 2013|year=2013}}</ref>–4,000,000<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2015-06-19 |title=Arabs |url=https://minorityrights.org/minorities/arabs/ |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=Minority Rights Group}}</ref> | region11 = {{flag|Venezuela}} | pop11 = 1,600,000<ref name="thedailybeast.com">{{Cite news |last=Margolis |first=Mac |date=15 September 2013 |title=Abdel el-Zabayar: From Parliament to the Frontlines |work=The Daily Beast |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/09/15/abdel-el-zabayar-from-parliament-to-the-frontlines.html}}</ref> | region12 = {{flag|Germany}} | pop12 = 1,401,950<ref name="statista">{{Cite web |title=Anzahl der Ausländer in Deutschland nach Herkunftsland in den Jahren 2015 und 2016 |url=https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/1221/umfrage/anzahl-der-auslaender-in-deutschland-nach-herkunftsland/ |website=statista |language=de}}</ref> | region13 = {{flag|Spain}} | pop13 = 1,350,000<ref name="europapress-18-millones">{{Cite web |date=30 March 2015 |title=Los musulmanes en España superan los 1,8 millones |url=http://www.europapress.es/sociedad/noticia-musulmanes-espana-superan-18-millones-20150330182141.html |access-date=25 April 2017 |website=europapress.es |language=es}}</ref><ref name="alertadigital-16-millones">{{Cite web |last=Redaction |date=9 October 2012 |title=La cifra de musulmanes en España alcanza los 1,6 millones, de los que casi un tercio viven en Cataluña |url=http://www.alertadigital.com/2012/10/09/la-cifra-de-musulmanes-en-espana-casi-alcanza-los-16-millones-de-los-que-casi-un-tercio-viven-en-cataluna/ |access-date=25 April 2017 |website=alertadigital.com |language=es |archive-date=1 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201040941/http://www.alertadigital.com/2012/10/09/la-cifra-de-musulmanes-en-espana-casi-alcanza-los-16-millones-de-los-que-casi-un-tercio-viven-en-cataluna/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | region14 = {{flag|Mexico}} | pop14 = 1,100,000<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sierra |first=Mauricio |date=2021-06-16 |title=Arab Ancestry in Latin America |url=https://berkeleyhighjacket.com/column/arab-ancestry-in-latin-america/ |access-date=2022-02-15 |website=Berkeley High Jacket |quote=Arab Mexicans are an important group within Mexican society. There are around 1,100,000 Mexican citizens of Arab descent, primarily of Lebanese, Syrian, Iraqi and Palestinian heritage. |archive-date=2022-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215182429/https://berkeleyhighjacket.com/column/arab-ancestry-in-latin-america/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | region15 = {{flag|Chile}} | pop15 = 800,000<ref name="aurora-israel.co.il">{{Cite web |title=Aurora &#124; Aurora |url=http://www.aurora-israel.co.il/articulos/israel/Titulares/24782/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318054736/http://www.aurora-israel.co.il/articulos/israel/Titulares/24782/ |archive-date=18 March 2012 |website=aurora-israel.co.il}}</ref><ref name="Adnkronos.com">{{Cite web |date=7 April 2003 |title=Chile: Palestinian refugees arrive to warm welcome |url=http://www1.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/CultureAndMedia/?id=1.0.2050534508 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110919202702/http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/CultureAndMedia/?id=1.0.2050534508 |archive-date=19 September 2011 |access-date=17 September 2011 |publisher=Adnkronos.com}}</ref><ref name="Laventana.casa.cult.cu">{{Cite web |title=500,000 descendientes de primera y segunda generación de palestinos en Chile |url=http://laventana.casa.cult.cu/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=514 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722073846/http://laventana.casa.cult.cu/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=514 |archive-date=22 July 2009 |access-date=17 September 2011 |publisher=Laventana.casa.cult.cu}}</ref> | region16 = {{flag|Canada}} | pop16 = 750,925(2010)<ref name="canadianarabinstitute.org">{{Cite web |title=Canadian Arab Institute :: 750,925 Canadians Hail from Arab Lands |url=http://www.canadianarabinstitute.org/publications/reports/750925-canadians-hail-arab-lands/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319032124/http://www.canadianarabinstitute.org/publications/reports/750925-canadians-hail-arab-lands/ |archive-date=19 March 2017 |access-date=19 October 2019 |website=canadianarabinstitute.org}}</ref> | region17 = {{flag|Italy}} | pop17 = 705,968<ref name="ISTAT">{{Cite web |title=Cittadini stranieri in Italia – 2021 |url=http://www.tuttitalia.it/statistiche/cittadini-stranieri-2021/ |website=tuttitalia.it}}</ref> | region18 = {{flag|Sweden}} | pop18 = 543,350<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se/pxweb/en/ssd/START__BE__BE0101__BE0101E/FodelselandArK/?rxid=86abd797-7854-4564-9150-c9b06ae3ab07c9b06ae3ab07=Statistics%20Sweden|access-date=19 September 2019|title=Population by country of birth, age and sex. Year 2000 – 2020}}</ref> | region19 = {{flag|Great Britain}} | pop19 = 500,000<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anthony McRoy |title=The British Arab |url=http://www.naba.org.uk/CONTENT/articles/Diaspora/british_arabs.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103180941/http://www.naba.org.uk/Content/articles/Diaspora/british_arabs.htm |archive-date=3 January 2015 |access-date=17 April 2012 |publisher=National Association of British Arabs}}</ref> | region20 = {{flag|Australia}} | pop20 = 500,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=australianarab.org/about-us |url=http://australianarab.org/about-us |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030002545/http://australianarab.org/about-us |archive-date=30 October 2016}}</ref> | region21 = {{flag|Netherlands}} | pop21 = 480,000–613,800<ref name="auto2">{{Citation |title=Dutch media perceived as much more biased than Arabic media – Media & Citizenship Report conducted by University of Utrecht |date=10 September 2010 |url=http://www.media-citizenship.eu/images/stories/pdf/Amsterdam_national_focus_group_report.pdf |work=Utrecht University |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228151603/http://www.media-citizenship.eu/images/stories/pdf/Amsterdam_national_focus_group_report.pdf |access-date=29 November 2010 |archive-date=28 February 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | region22 = {{flag|Somalia}} | pop22 = 300,000<ref>{{Cite journal |date=30 January 2018 |title=Somalia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/Somalia/ |website=Minority Rights Group}}</ref> | region23 = {{flag|Honduras}} | pop23 = 280,000<ref name="Espín, 2020">{{Cite book |last=J. Espín-Ocampo |url=https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/ri/article/view/13945/19447 |title=Origen y evolución de la comunidad palestina en Chile |work=Revista Relaciones Internacionales, Escuela de Relaciones Internacionales. Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica |year=2020 |volume=1 |pages=113–132 |doi=10.15359/ri.93-1.5 |issn=1018-0583 |issue=93 |s2cid=241082525}}</ref> | region24 = {{flag|Ecuador}} | pop24 = 170,000&nbsp;<!--Higher estimate for Lebanese in Ecuador--><ref>{{Cite web |last=de 2020 |first=16 de Octubre |date=16 October 2020 |title=El Guayaquil que acogió a los migrantes extranjeros |url=https://www.eltelegrafo.com.ec/noticias/guayaquil-bicentenario/1/guayaquil-migrantes-extranjeros |access-date=2022-04-16 |website=El Telégrafo}}</ref> | region25 = {{flag|Ivory Coast}} | pop25 = 150,000 {{small|(2006)}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-10-25 |title=Africa &#124;Ivory Coast's Arabs to fight expulsion|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6081416.stm |access-date=2020-06-01 |website=BBC News}}</ref> | region26 = {{flag|Denmark}} | pop26 = 121,000<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-08 |title=Demographics and Ethnic Groups of Denmark |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-the-ethnic-composition-of-the-population-of-denmark.html |access-date=2023-10-27 |website=WorldAtlas}}</ref> | region27 = {{flag|Indonesia}} | pop27 = 118,866 {{small|(2010)}}<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.bphn.go.id/data/documents/ae_peraturan_perundang-undangan_peninggalan_kolonial_belanda.pdf|title=Analisis dan Evaluasi Peraturan Perundang-undangan Tentang Peninggalan Kolonial (Belanda dan Jepang)|last=Hartono|first=Sunaryati|date=2015|publisher=Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia RI|location=Jakarta|pages=25–26|id=IOS1-INLIS000000000683886|author-link=:en:Sunaryati Hartono|access-date=2024-08-22|archive-date=2023-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330185256/https://www.bphn.go.id/data/documents/ae_peraturan_perundang-undangan_peninggalan_kolonial_belanda.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | region28 = {{flag|El Salvador}} | pop28 = 100,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why So Many Palestinians Live In El Salvador &#124; AJ+ |url=https://newsvideo.su/video/10798241 |website=newsvideo.su |access-date=13 November 2019 |archive-date=13 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113091136/https://newsvideo.su/video/10798241 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lebanese Diaspora Worldwide Geographical Distribution |url=http://theidentitychef.com/2009/09/06/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214110250/http://theidentitychef.com/2009/09/06/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution/ |archive-date=14 February 2021 |access-date=16 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Zielger |first=Matthew |title=El Salvador: Central American Palestine of the West? |work=The Daily Star |url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/Culture/Art/2004/Apr-27/91857-el-salvador-central-american-palestine-of-the-west.ashx#axzz3EZpwYUKb |access-date=27 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=AJ Plus: The Palestinians of El Salvador |url=https://latinx.com/discover/aj-plus-the-palestinians-of-el-salvador/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113091131/https://latinx.com/discover/aj-plus-the-palestinians-of-el-salvador/ |archive-date=13 November 2019 |access-date=13 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Dellios |first=Hugh |title=El Salvador vote divides 2 Arab clans |work=Chicago Tribune |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2004-03-21-0403210538-story.html}}</ref> | region29 = {{flag|Eritrea}} | pop29 = 80,000{{small|(2010)}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/21/country/ER/languages/|title=Languages of Eritrea|publisher=Ethnologue|access-date=21 October 2023}}</ref> | region30 = {{flag|Uruguay}} | pop30 = 75,000<ref>{{Cite web |last=de 2014 |first=25 de Junio |title=Más de 10 millones de libaneses empujan el crecimiento social y económico de América Latina |url=https://www.infobae.com/2014/06/25/1575973-mas-10-millones-libaneses-empujan-el-crecimiento-social-y-economico-america-latina/ |access-date=2022-02-15 |website=infobae |date=24 November 2017 |language=es-ES}}</ref> | region31 = {{flag|Tanzania}} | pop31 = 70,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tanzania History and Information – Safari Info for Tanzania |url=http://www.eyesonafrica.net/african-safari-tanzania/tanzania-info.htm |access-date=2020-05-28 |website=eyesonafrica.net |archive-date=2020-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110084347/http://www.eyesonafrica.net/african-safari-tanzania/tanzania-info.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> | region32 = {{flag|Kenya}} | pop32 = 59,021 {{small|(2019)}}<ref name="Census2019">{{Cite web |title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume IV: Distribution of Population by Socio-Economic Characteristics |url=https://housingfinanceafrica.org/app/uploads/VOLUME-IV-KPHC-2019.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://housingfinanceafrica.org/app/uploads/VOLUME-IV-KPHC-2019.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |access-date=2 May 2021 |website=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> | region33 = {{flag|Niger}} | pop33 = 30,000{{small|(2001)}}<ref>{{Citation |title=Niger |date=2023-10-17 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/Niger/#people-and-society |work=The World Factbook |access-date=2023-10-22 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> | languages = [[Arabic]] | rels = Predominantly: {{Unbulleted list| [[Islam]]|(mostly [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]], large [[Shia Islam|Shia]] minority, smaller [[Ibadi]], [[Alawite]] minorities)|Significant minority:<br/> [[Arab Christians|Christianity]]|([[Greek Orthodox Church|Greek Orthodox]], [[Melkite Greek Catholic Church|Melkite Catholic]], [[Maronite Catholic Church]], [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]], [[Protestantism|Protestant]])|Smaller minority: Other monotheistic religions|([[Druze]], [[Judaism]], [[Baháʼí Faith]])|Historically: [[Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia|Pre-Islamic Arabian polytheism]]}} | related = Other peoples of the [[Middle East and North Africa]]<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Mapping the Arab genome|first1=Hamdi|last1=Mbarek|first2=Said I.|last2=Ismail|date=7 December 2022|journal=Nature Genetics|volume=54|issue=12|pages=1761–1763|doi=10.1038/s41588-022-01239-0|pmid=36446885 |doi-access=free| issn=1061-4036}}</ref> | footnotes = ||| }} The '''Arabs''' ({{lang-ar|العرب}}) are an [[ethnic group]] mainly inhabiting the [[Arab world]] in the [[Middle East]] and [[North Africa]]. They speak [[Arabic language|Arabic]] which is one of the [[Semitic languages]], and which is also the name of the ethnic family which they belong to. Genealogically, Arabs are those who can trace their ancestry back to the people who first lived on the [[Arabian Peninsula]]. During the Middle Ages, [[Islam]] and [[Christianity]] fostered a vast Arab union, leading to significant Arab migrations around the world under the rule of Arab empires such as the [[Rashidun]], [[Umayyad]], [[Abbasid]], and [[Fatimid]]. == Who is an Arab == There are three points which decide whether someone is considered Arab or not: * [[Politics|Political]]: whether they live in a country which is a member of the [[Arab League]] (or the [[Arab world]]); this definition covers more than 450 million people. * [[Language|Linguistic]]: whether their main language is [[Arabic language|Arabic]]; this definition covers more than 423 million people.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ecotripsos.com/mostusefullanguages/|title=Most Spoken Languages In the World|archive-date=2016-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326085647/http://www.ecotripsos.com/mostusefullanguages/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Genealogy|Genealogical]]: whether they can trace their ancestry back to the people who first lived on the [[Arabian Peninsula]].<ref>{{cite book| last = Wunderle| first = William D.| title = A Manual for American Servicemen in the Arab Middle East: Using Cultural Understanding to Defeat Adversaries and Win the Peace| url = https://books.google.com/?id=RFiCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA23| year = 2008| publisher = Simon and Schuster| isbn = 978-1-62636-865-1| page = 23 }}</ref> Minorities are the Iraqi Turkmens in some Arab countries. The same goes for [[Berbers]] (Amazigh) and [[Bedouin]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Belge |first1=Ceren |last2=Karakoç |first2=Ekrem |title=Minorities in the Middle East: Ethnicity, Religion, and Support for Authoritarianism |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24371832 |journal=Political Research Quarterly |pages=280–292 |date=2015|volume=68 |issue=2 |doi=10.1177/1065912915580627 |jstor=24371832 |s2cid=154397743 | issn=1065-9129}}</ref> There are many people who can be called Arabs by these points, but who do not think of themselves as Arab. Examples include modern [[Copt|Copts]], [[Kurds]], the [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]] and [[Moroccans]]. Although they live in countries like Syria or Egypt which is part of the Arab League and speak the official language-Arabic, they are different [[Ethnic group|ethnic groups]]. They have their own languages,<ref>The [[Coptic language]] survives only in certain religious rituals; it is not now spoken by Coptic Christians.</ref> culture, identity and churches, such as the [[Coptic Church]], [[Assyrian Church of the East]], and the [[Syriac Orthodox Church]]. Even though a number have assimilated to Arab society, they have their own heritage that spans 3,000 years. == Traditional genealogy == In Islamic and [[Jewish]] tradition, Arabs are a [[Semitic people]] from the [[Ishmaelites]], who trace their ancestry from [[Ishmael]], a son of the ancient patriarch [[Abraham]] and Hagar and of the sons from Abhraham and his wife [[Keturah]]. [[Middle Ages|Medieval]] Arab [[Genealogy|genealogists]] separate the Arabs into two groups: the "original Arabs" ([[Bedouin]]) of South Arabia, descending from Qahtan (identified with the biblical Joktan) and the "Arabized Arabs" (musta`ribah) of North Arabia ([[The Levant]]), descending from Adnan who is descended from Ishmael. ==Religion== Most Arabs today follow the religion of [[Islam]], whose central prophet is [[Muhammad]]. [[Arab Christians|Christianity]] makes up the largest religious minority - most of the Christians that do consider themselves Arabs belong to the [[Greek Orthodox Church]] with smaller numbers of [[Roman Catholic]]s. While Coptic and [[Maronite Church|Maronite]] Catholic Christians are native Arabic-speakers, many reject the Arab pan-ethnicity, but are still considered Arab by outsider sources. There are some small communities practicing [[Judaism]] and [[polytheism]] (the worship of many gods). ==Notes== {{notelist}} == References == {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} == Other websites == * [http://www.salon.com/books/feature/2002/01/08/alphabet/ A is for Arabs: What the world owes Arabs and Muslims] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050609090539/http://www.salon.com/books/feature/2002/01/08/alphabet/ |date=2005-06-09 }} * [http://www.aaiusa.org/arab_world.htm Maps of the Arab World] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050828080935/http://www.aaiusa.org/arab_world.htm |date=2005-08-28 }} * [http://www.albawaba.com News from Arabic countries] * [http://www.ameinfo.com Business news from Arab countries] * [http://nabataea.net/arabia.html Arabia] in [[ancient history]] - with a discussion of the ancient usage of the word ''Arab'' * [http://www.araboo.com Araboo.com] - Arab Guide * [http://www.throughsearch.com/arab-search.php Arabic Search] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061223074611/http://www.throughsearch.com/arab-search.php |date=2006-12-23 }} - Arabic ThroughSearch [[Category:Arab people| ]] [[Category:Ancient history]] ngnw9rzjt62c453cmxrses202ppox3u 0 23811 10368606 10221429 2025-07-03T00:50:05Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Another weakening (1185-1261) */ Typo: duplication 10368606 wikitext text/x-wiki {{complex|date=September 2024}} {{Infobox country | native_name = {{Native_name|grc|Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων}}<br> {{Native_name|la|Imperium Romanum}} | conventional_long_name = Roman Empire | common_name = Byzantium | status = Eastern division of the [[Roman Empire]]{{Ref|b}} | life_span = 330/395–1453{{Ref|lifespan|b}} | image_map = Justinian555AD.png | image_map_caption = The empire in 555 under [[Justinian the Great]], at its greatest extent since the fall of the [[Western Roman Empire]] (its vassals in pink) | image_map2 = Territorial evolution of the Eastern Roman Empire.gif | image_map2_caption = The territorial evolution of the Eastern Roman Empire under each imperial dynasty until its fall in 1453. | capital = [[Constantinople]] (modern-day [[Istanbul]]){{Ref|capital|c}} | largest_city = [[Constantinople]] | common_languages = {{Plainlist| * [[Medieval&nbsp;Greek|Greek]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Byzantine-Greek-language|title=Byzantine Greek language|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=21 August 2021|archive-date=17 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717175804/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Byzantine-Greek-language|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Late Latin|Latin]] * Regional languages\Local languages }} | religion = {{Plainlist| * Nicene Christianity (official) * [[Religion in ancient Rome|Roman polytheism]] (until AD 380) * Greek polytheism (until AD 380) }} | title_leader = [[List of Byzantine emperors|Notable emperors]] | leader1 = [[Constantine the Great|Constantine I]] (first) | year_leader1 = 306–337 | leader2 = [[Theodosius II]] | year_leader2 = 408–450 | leader3 = [[Zeno (emperor)|Zeno]] | year_leader3 = 474–475, 476–491 | leader4 = [[Justinian I]] | year_leader4 = 527–565 | leader5 = [[Maurice (emperor)|Maurice]] | year_leader5 = 582–602 | leader6 = [[Heraclius]] | year_leader6 = 610–641 | leader7 = Leo III | year_leader7 = 717–741 | leader8 = Irene | year_leader8 = 797–802 | leader9 = [[Basil I]] | year_leader9 = 867–886 | leader10 = [[Basil II]] | year_leader10 = 976–1025 | leader11 = [[Alexios I Komnenos|Alexios I]] | year_leader11 = 1081–1118 | leader12 = Manuel I | year_leader12 = 1143–1180 | leader13 = Michael VIII | year_leader13 = 1261–1282 | leader14 = [[Constantine XI Palaiologos|Constantine XI]] | year_leader14 = 1449–1453 | era = Late Antiquity to [[Late&nbsp;Middle&nbsp;Ages]] | event_start = [[Tetrarchy#Creation|First East–West division]] of the Roman Empire | year_start = 1 April 286 | event1 = [[Constantinople#History|Inauguration of Constantinople]] | date_event1 = 11 May 330 | event2 = Final East–West division after the death&nbsp;of&nbsp;[[Theodosius&nbsp;I]] | date_event2 = 17 January 395 | event3 = [[Fall of the Western Roman Empire|Fall of the West]]; deposition of [[Romulus Augustulus|Romulus]] | date_event3 = 4 September 476 | event4 = Assassination of<br/>[[Julius Nepos]] | date_event4 = 9 May 480 | event5 = Early Muslim conquests; start of the Dark Ages | date_event5 = 634–750 | event6 = [[Battle of Manzikert]]; loss of [[Anatolia]] due to following civil war | date_event6 = 26 August 1071 | event7 = Sack of Constantinople by Catholic crusaders | date_event7 = 12 April 1204 | event8 = Reconquest of Constantinople | date_event8 = 25 July 1261 | event9 = [[Fall of Constantinople]] | date_event9 = 29 May 1453 | event10 = Fall of Morea | date_event10 = 29 May 1460 | event_post = Fall of Trebizond | date_post = 15 August 1461 | stat_year1 = 457 | stat_pop1 = 16,000,000{{Ref|population|f}} <!-- | stat_year2 = 555–450 | stat_area2 = 2,700,000 - 2,800,000 <ref>Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D. (December 2006). "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires" (PDF). Journal of World-Systems Research. 12 (2): 222–223. ISSN 1076-156X. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 July 2020. Retrieved 7 July 2020.</ref><ref>Taagepera, Rein (1979). "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.". Social Science History. 3 (3/4): 121–122, 124–129, 132–133. {{Doi|10.2307/1170959}}. JSTOR 1170959.</ref> -->| stat_year2 = 565 | stat_area2 = | stat_pop2 = 26,000,000 | stat_year3 = 775 | stat_area3 = | stat_pop3 = 7,000,000 | stat_year4 = 1025 | stat_area4 = | stat_pop4 = 12,000,000 | stat_year5 = 1320 | stat_area5 = | stat_pop5 = 2,000,000 | currency = [[Solidus (coin)|Solidus]], [[denarius]] and hyperpyron<!-- | p1 = Roman Empire | p2 = Diocese of Dacia{{!}}'''∟'''Diocese of Dacia | p3 = Diocese of Macedonia{{!}}'''∟'''Diocese of Macedonia | p4 = Praetorian prefecture of the East{{!}}'''∟'''Praetorian prefecture of the East | s1 = Ottoman Empire--> | footnote_a = {{Note|name||{{Lang|grc|Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων}} may be transliterated in Latin as ''{{Transliteration|grc|Basileia Rhōmaiōn}}'', literally meaning "Monarchy of the Romans", but commonly rendered "Empire of the Romans".}} | footnote_b = {{Note|lifespan||Between 1204 and 1261 there was an [[interregnum]] when the [[Latin Empire]] took control of Constantinople, causing the Byzantine Empire itself to be divided into the [[Empire of Nicaea]], the [[Empire of Trebizond]], and the Despotate of Epirus. The Empire of Nicaea is traditionally considered by historians to be the legitimate continuation of the Byzantine Empire because it managed to retake Constantinople.<ref>{{Harvnb|Treadgold|1997|p=734}}</ref>}} | footnote_c = {{Note|capital||Constantinople became the capital of the (united) empire in 330. In 395, the empire was permanently divided in two halves after the death of [[Theodosius I]].}} | footnote_d = {{Note|religion1||Tolerated after the Edicts of Serdica (311) and [[Edict of Milan|Milan]] (313); state religion after 380.}} | footnote_e = {{Note|religion2||Following the [[East–West Schism]] of 1054.}} | footnote_f = {{Note|population||See Population of the Byzantine Empire for more detailed figures taken provided by McEvedy and Jones (1978) ''Atlas of World Population History'', as well as Angeliki E. Laiou (2002), ''The Economic History of Byzantium''.}} | demonym = [[Byzantine Greeks|Rhōmaîoi]] | area_km2 = | area_rank = | GDP_PPP = | GDP_PPP_year = | HDI = | HDI_year = }} The '''Byzantine Empire''', also referred to as the '''Eastern Roman Empire''', was the continuation of the [[Roman Empire]] primarily in its eastern provinces that survived into the Late Antiquity and the [[Middle Ages]]. The empire had its [[capital city|capital]] at [[Constantinople]], survived the [[Western Roman Empire|fall of the Western Roman Empire]] in the 5th century AD and continued to exist until the [[fall of Constantinople]] to the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1453. During most of its existence, the empire remained the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in the [[Mediterranean region]]. Its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the Roman Empire and to themselves as Romans, a term that [[Greek people|Greeks]] continued to use for themselves into Ottoman times. Modern historians distinguish the Byzantine Empire from the earlier Roman Empire because the imperial seat moved from Rome to [[Istanbul|Byzantium]], the empire integrated Christianity, and [[Greek language|Greek]] replaced [[Latin]] as the most common language. ==History== During the high period of the Roman Empire, known as the ''[[Pax Romana|Pax Romana period]]'', the western parts of the empire went through [[Romanization|Latinization]], but the eastern parts of the empire maintained to a large degree their [[Hellenistic period|Hellenistic]] culture. Several events from the 4th to 6th centuries mark the period of transition during which the Roman Empire's Greek East and Latin West diverged. [[Constantine the Great|Constantine I]] (<abbr>r.</abbr> 324–337) reorganised the empire, made Constantinople the capital, and legalised [[Christianity]]. Under [[Theodosius I]] (<abbr>r.</abbr> 379–395), Christianity became the [[state religion]], and other religious practices were forbidden. In the reign of [[Heraclius]] (<abbr>r.</abbr> 610–641), the empire's military and administration were restructured, and Greek was gradually adopted for official use in place of Latin. ===Middle Ages=== The borders of the empire fluctuated through several cycles of decline and recovery. During the reign of [[Justinian I]] (<abbr>r.</abbr> 527–565), the empire reached its greatest extent after the fall of the [[western Roman Empire]] by reconquering much of the historically Roman western [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean coast]], including, [[Africa]], [[Italy]], and [[Rome]], which it held for two more centuries. The Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 exhausted the empire's resources, and during the early Muslim conquests of the 7th century, the empire lost its richest provinces (Egypt and [[Roman Syria|Syria]]) to the [[Rashidun Empire|Rashidun Caliphate]]. It then lost Africa to the [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyads]] in 698, before the empire was stabilized by the Isaurian dynasty. The [[Macedonian dynasty]] (9th–11th centuries) expanded the empire again but ended with defeat by the [[Seljuk dynasty|Seljuk Turks]] at the [[Battle of Manzikert]] in 1071. Civil wars and the ensuing Seljuk invasion led to the loss of most of [[Anatolia|Asia Minor]]. The empire recovered during the [[Alexios I Komnenos|Komnenian restoration]], and until the [[Crusades|Fourth Crusade]], Constantinople was the largest and wealthiest city in Europe. ====Interregnum==== The empire was first dissolved during the [[Crusades|Fourth Crusade]] in 1204, when Constantinople was [[Looting|sacked]] by the Latins (Catholic Europeans from the West), and the territories that the empire had governed were divided into competing Byzantine Greek and Latin realms. Despite the eventual [[Palaiologos|recovery of Constantinople]] in 1261, the Byzantine Empire remained a mere regional power for the final two centuries of its existence. Its remaining territories were progressively annexed by the Ottomans during the Byzantine–Ottoman Wars in the 14th and the 15th centuries. ====Fall==== The [[fall of Constantinople]] to the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1453 marked the end of the Byzantine Empire. Refugees fleeing the city after its capture settled into [[Italy]] and other parts of [[Europe]] and helped to ignite the [[Renaissance]]. The [[Empire of Trebizond]] was conquered eight years later, when its capital surrendered to Ottoman forces after it had been besieged in 1461. The fall of the Byzantine Empire to the Ottomans is sometimes used to mark the end of the [[Middle Ages]] and the start of the [[early modern period]]. == Name == The Byzantine Empire did not get that name until a century after its fall. The empire was known at the time as the following: * the "Roman Empire" or the "Empire of the Romans" (Latin: ''Imperium Romanum'', ''Imperium Romanorum''; Greek: {{lang|grc|Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων}} ''Basileia tōn Rhōmaiōn'', {{lang|grc|Ἀρχὴ τῶν Ῥωμαίων}} ''Archē tōn Rhōmaiōn''), * "Romania" (Latin: ''Romania''; Greek: {{lang|grc|Ῥωμανία}} ''Rhōmania''),{{refn|"Romania" was a popular name of the empire that was used mainly unofficially; it meant "land of the Romans".<ref>{{harvnb|Fossier|Sondheimer|1997|p=104}}.</ref> The term does not refer to modern [[Romania]].|group="n"}} * the "[[Roman Republic]]" (Latin: ''Res Publica Romana''; Greek: {{lang|grc|Πολιτεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων}}, ''Politeia tōn Rhōmaiōn''), * "Graecia" (Greek: {{lang|grc|Γραικία}} meaning "land of the Greeks"),<ref>{{harvnb|Constantelos|2001–2002}}</ref> * "Rhomais" (Greek: {{lang|grc|Ῥωμαΐς}} meaning "Rome").<ref>{{harvnb|Cinnamus|1976|p=240}}.</ref> == Beginning (330–476 AD) == {{main|Fall of the Western Roman Empire}} [[File:Theodosius I's empire.png|thumb|Western and Eastern Roman Empire]] In 324, Roman Emperor [[Constantine the Great|Constantine I]] moved the capital of the [[Roman Empire]] from [[Rome]] to the Greek city of ''Byzantium'', which he renamed [[Constantinople]]. By the 5th century, the Roman Empire had lost its territories in the west, and the [[Western Roman Empire]] had been taken over by [[Germanic peoples]] during the [[Migration period]]. The surviving parts of the Roman Empire became known as the Eastern Roman Empire and is now called the Byzantine Empire. ==Crisis (476–717 AD)== ===Wars in west=== The Eastern Roman Empire tried to take back [[Rome]] and the rest of [[Italian Peninsula]] from the [[Germanic peoples]]. Between 530 and 555 AD, the [[Byzantine Greeks]] won many battles and took back Rome. The Byzantines controlled Rome for a long time. Eventually, more Germanic peoples came, and Italy was lost again. Later, [[Eurasian Avars|Avars]] and [[Slavs]] took parts of [[Southeast Europe]] from the Byzantines. After the 560s, invaders slowly conquered the [[Balkans]] except for parts of modern [[Greece]] and [[Albania]]. [[Bulgars]] from the [[steppe]]s formed the [[First Bulgarian Empire]] north of the Byzantine Empire. At first, both the Avars and the Bulgars were [[Turkic peoples]]. They ruled over the [[Slavs|Slavic people]], who were called ''Sklavinai'', and slowly absorbed the Slavic language and [[culture]]. === Wars in east === After Rome had been captured by the Germanic peoples, the Eastern Roman Empire continued to control what are now [[Egypt]], [[Greece]], [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]], [[Syria]], and [[Turkey]]. However, another empire, known as the Persian or the [[Sassanid Empire]], tried to take the lands for itself. Between 224 and 628, the Greco-Romans and the Persians fought many battles, and many men were killed in the fighting. Eventually, the Persians were defeated in 627 by Emperor [[Heraclius]] in what is now [[Iraq]], near the ancient city of [[Nineveh]], which allowed the Byzantines to keep those lands. The centuries-long struggle between the Byzantines and the Persians shaped the political and religious landscape of the Middle East, leaving behind a complex legacy that continues to influence the region today. Then, another enemy appeared, the [[Arab people|Arabs]]. The Byzantines did not have much money to spend on war because of their battles with the Persians and so they could not withstand the Arabs. Palestine, Syria, and Egypt were lost between 635 and 645 by Heraclius. However, the Byzantines defended [[Anatolia|Asia Minor]] (now in Turkey), and the Arab advance stopped there. Heraclius ordered the use of Greek as the only language of the empire, erased forever the name "Eastern Roman Empire" and cut the last links with Rome. ==Recovery (717–1025 AD)== In 718, the Arabs were defeated but left the Byzantines very weak. In the west, the Byzantines fought the [[First Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarians]] many times. Some battles were successful, but many emperors died fighting. Over time, the Byzantine Empire weakened as it lost land to outside invaders. ===Recovery in the west=== Between 1007 and 1014, Emperor [[Basil II]] ambitiously attacked Bulgaria many times and eventually won a great victory. Later, he fully recaptured Greece and recovered it for the empire. He then went on to take over Bulgaria, which was fully conquered in 1018. ===Recovery in the east=== In the east, the Arabs once again became a threat to the Byzantines. However, Basil II kept attacking and won many more victories. Much of Syria was restored to the empire, and Turkey and [[Armenia]] were secured. After 1025, the Arabs were no longer a threat to the Byzantines. == Decline (1025–1453 AD) == === Start of decline (1025–1071) === After Basil II died, many unskilled emperors came to the throne, wasted the empire's money, and reduced its army. That meant that it could not defend itself well against enemies if they attacked. Later, the Byzantines relied on [[mercenary|mercenaries]], soldiers who fought for money, not for their country. That made them less loyal and reliable and more expensive. The mercenaries allowed military generals to come to power and to grab it from the elaborate [[bureaucracy]], a system of administration in which tasks are divided by departments. === Rise of Turks (1071–1091) === A large number of people, known as the [[Turkish people|Turks]], rode on horseback from [[Central Asia]] and attacked the Byzantine Empire. The [[Seljuk Empire]] took most of [[Anatolia]] from the Byzantines by 1091. However, it received help from people in [[Western Europe]] in what is known as the [[Crusades|First Crusade]]. Many [[knight]]s and [[Soldier|soldiers]] left to help the Byzantines and to secure [[Jerusalem]] for the Christians. The city was then controlled by the Muslims. === Survival (1091–1185) === The Byzantine Empire survived and, with the help of the other European empires, took back half of Anatolia from the Turks, who managed to hold the other half of the region. The Byzantines survived primarily because it had three good emperors in a row, which allowed the empire to recover from their recent conflicts. === Another weakening (1185-1261) === The next few emperors ruled poorly and spent much of the existing treasury on many mercenary soldiers. In the west, the Western Europeans betrayed the Byzantines and attacked their capital, [[Constantinople]], in 1204. The Byzantines did not take it back until 1261. They were then divided into many smaller Greek states, which fought one another for control. === Fall to Turks (1261–1453) === After the Byzantines had taken back Constantinople, they were too busy fighting the Europeans who had betrayed them and so they could not find enough soldiers or money to fight the Turks' new [[Ottoman Empire]]. All of Asia Minor had been lost by 1331, and in 1369, the Turks crossed over from Turkey and into [[Greece]]. They took over much of Greece between 1354 and 1450. The Byzantines lost so much land, money and soldiers that they became very weak and begged for help from the Western Europeans. Italy and the [[Pope]] sent soldiers and ships to help the Byzantines when the Turks attacked Constantinople in April 1453. The Byzantines were badly outnumbered, however, and the walls of Constantinople were very damaged by the cannons that were used by the Turks. In late May 1453, the Turks captured Constantinople by entering through one of the gates along the walls, and the empire came to an end. The city was plundered for three days. In the end, those who had not been able to escape were deported to [[Edirne]], [[Bursa, Turkey|Bursa]], and other Ottoman cities. There was nobody in the city except for the Jews of Balat and the Genoese of Pera. Constantinople became the capital of the Ottoman Empire until it fell in the early 20th century. The city was later renamed [[Istanbul]], and the Turkish capital was moved to [[Ankara]], a city in Asia Minor. == Legacy == The Byzantines had several achievements: * They used good architecture that is still used * They preserved the Greek language and culture * They had cities with plumbing, which is still in use * They protected part of Christian Europe from Islamic invasions * They preserved many Roman political traditions that had been lost in Western Europe * They produced much fine art with a distinctive style * They kept a lot of knowledge that can be read about today * They made several inventions like the [[flamethrower]] and "Greek fire", a kind of [[napalm]] * They made advances in many fields like political studies, diplomacy and military sciences * They were the protectors and sponsors of the Eastern Church, which later becomes the Orthodox Church * They built many beautiful churches, some of which are now mosques, in what are now Turkey and Greece; they are made from or inspired by Byzantine buildings ==Related pages== * [[Pope|Papacy]] * [[Kievan Rus'|Kievan Rus]] * [[Byzantine art]] * [[Byzantine Greeks]] * [[East–West Schism|East-West Schism]] * [[Tsardom of Russia]] * [[Oriental Orthodoxy]] * [[Old Church Slavonic]] * [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] == Notes == {{reflist|group=n}} == References == {{reflist|2}} == Sources == * {{cite book|last=Ahrweiler|first=Helene|year=1975|title=L'Ideologie Politique de l'Empire Byzantine [The Political Ideology of the Byzantine Empire]|location=Paris|publisher=Presses Universitaires de France|language=French}} * {{cite book|last1=Baynes|first1=Norman Hepburn|last2=Moss|first2=Henry St. Lawrence Beaufort|title=Byzantium: An Introduction to East Roman Civilization|location=Oxford|publisher=Clarendon Press|year=1948|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aPRHQwAACAAJ}} * {{cite web|last=Cartwright|first=Mark|title=Byzantine Government|publisher=Ancient History Encyclopedia|date=13 April 2018|url=https://www.ancient.eu/Byzantine_Government/}} * {{cite book|last=Cinnamus|first=Ioannes|year=1976|title=Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus|url=https://archive.org/details/deedsofjohnmanue0000kinn|location=New York and West Sussex|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=0-231-04080-6}} * {{cite book|last1=Clover|first1=F. M.|last2=Humphreys|first2=R. S.|year=1989|title=Tradition and Innovation in Late Antiquity|location=Madison|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|isbn=9780299120009}} * {{cite magazine|last=Constantelos|first=Demetrios I.|title=Μαρτυρίες για την Ταυτότητα των Βυζαντινών και των Ρωμιών σε Ελληνικές Πηγές|year=2001–2002|magazine=Πεμπτουσία|language=Greek|url=http://www.myriobiblos.gr/texts/greek/constantelos_martiries_ch1.html#3}} * {{cite book|last1=Fossier|first1=Robert|last2=Sondheimer|first2=Janet|year=1997|title=The Cambridge Illustrated History of the Middle Ages|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-26644-0}} * {{cite book|last=Lemerle|first=Paul|year=1971|title=Le Premier Humanisme Byzantin [The First Byzantine Humanism]|location=Paris|publisher=Presses Universitaires de France|language=French|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4803604c/}} * {{cite book|last=Linnér|first=Sture|year=1994|title=Bysantinsk kulturhistoria [History of Byzantine Culture]|location=Stockholm|publisher=Norstedt|isbn=978-9-11-941512-7|language=Swedish}} == Other websites == {{commonscat|Byzantine Empire}} * [https://www.worldhistory.org/Byzantine_Empire/ World History Encyclopedia: Byzantine Empire] * [http://www.roman-emperors.org/ Roman Emperors (De Imperatoribus Romanis)] * [https://howardwiseman.me/Roman/RomanEmpire.html 18 Centuries of Roman Empire: A Cartography by Howard Wiseman] * [https://12byzantinerulers.com/ 12 Byzantine Rulers: The History of the Byzantine Empire (Lars Brownworth)] * [http://www.cit.gu.edu.au/~s285238/Roman/RomanEmpire.html 18 centuries of Roman Empire by Howard Wiseman] (Maps of the Roman/Byzantine Empire throughout its lifetime). * [http://www.byzantinemuseum.gr/en/ Byzantine & Christian Museum] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080410123427/http://www.doaks.org/Byzantine.html Dumbarton Oaks: Byzantine Studies] * [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/byzantium/ Byzantium: Byzantine Studies on the Internet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008060507/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/byzantium/ |date=2014-10-08 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111107172532/http://homepage.mac.com/paulstephenson/trans.html Translations from Byzantine Sources: The Imperial Centuries, c. 700–1204] * [http://www.deremilitari.org/ De Re Militari: The Society for Medieval Military History] * [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1c.html Medieval Sourcebook: Byzantium] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814170022/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1c.html |date=2014-08-14 }} * [http://www.univie.ac.at/byzantine/ Bibliography on Byzantine Material Culture and Daily Life (University of Vienna)] * [http://www.ellopos.net/elpenor/greek-texts/greek-resources-constantinople.asp Constantinople Home Page] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160816053828/http://graal.org.ua/en/theodoro-principality Byzantium in Crimea: Political History, Art and Culture]. * [http://www.oeaw.ac.at/byzanz/ Byzanzforschung: Institute for Byzantine Studies of the Austrian Academy of Sciences] {{authority control}} [[Category:Places of Ancient Rome]] [[Category:Byzantine Empire| ]] [[Category:Former countries in Europe]] [[Category:Former countries in the Middle East]] [[Category:Former countries in Africa]] [[Category:Roman Empire]] [[Category:280s establishments]] [[Category:1450s disestablishments]] [[Category:Establishments in Africa]] [[Category:3rd-century establishments in Asia]] [[Category:Establishments in Europe]] [[Category:Disestablishments in Europe]] [[Category:Disestablishments in Asia]] [[Category:Disestablishments in Africa]] a5pngwz9rpokayavs3unmzqndhyjy1w 0 24150 10367740 10253709 2025-07-02T14:28:01Z 180.150.36.182 10367740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{for|the person|Chairman}} [[File:Aalto chair front.JPG|thumb|A normal chair]] [[File:Executive chair.jpg|thumb|A desk chair]] A '''Chair''' is a piece of [[furniture]] that is usually made out of wood or plastic. It can also be made out of fabric, metal, wool, and stone. There can be different variants of chairs like stools, rocking chairs, gaming chairs, folding chairs, and armchairs. There are also wide variety of chairs, those with fabric are often called sofas, or [[Couch|couches]], while those many without fabric are often referred to as benches. There are also less conventional chairs such as bean bag chairs and swinging chairs. Some of these chairs can be made out of many materials, not just fabric, metal, or wood. They can also be made out of leather, usually found in cars. ==Other websites== {{commons category-inline}} [[Category:Furniture]] {{stub}} 5qhwvn6rtfbx7jm4bvg37hppgly2xpb 0 24219 10367915 10232354 2025-07-02T16:52:28Z 59.103.90.27 10367915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Mississauga | official_name = City of Mississauga | native_name = | settlement_type = [[List of cities in Ontario|City]] ([[List of municipalities in Ontario#Lower-tier municipalities|lower-tier]]) | image_skyline = {{multiple image|total_width=250px|perrow=1/2/2/2|border=infobox | image1 = ValG MississaugaSkyline.jpg | alt1 = | image2 = Mississauga Civic Centre (2009).jpg | alt2 = | image3 = Health Sciences Complex.jpg | alt3 = | image4 = Old Grammar School IDM 14583.jpg | alt4 = | image5 = The Credit River, Mississauga (11791385864).jpg | alt5 = | image6 = ValG StreetsvilleChurge1.jpg | alt6 = | image7 = Absolute_Mississauga_May_2012.jpg | alt7 = | image8 = ValG MississaugaLakeshore1.jpg | alt8 = | image9 = Mcitytowers.jpg | alt9 = }} | image_size = 250px | image_caption = From top, left to right: [[Mississauga City Centre]], the [[Mississauga Civic Centre]], Health Sciences Complex at the [[University of Toronto Mississauga]], Old Grammar School in [[Streetsville, Mississauga|Streetsville]], the [[Credit River]], 282 Church Street, [[Absolute World]] towers, the St. Lawrence bay in [[Port Credit]], and the [[M City Condominiums]] | image_flag = Flag of Mississauga.svg | image_shield = | image_blank_emblem = Mississauga_city_logo_2014.svg | blank_emblem_type = Logo | nickname = | motto = Pride in our past, faith in our future Leading Today for Tomorrow | pushpin_map = Canada Southern Ontario | pushpin_relief = yes | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Mississauga in southern Ontario | coordinates = {{coord|43|36|N|79|39|W|region:CA-ON|display=inline,title}} | image_map = Location of Mississauga.PNG | map_caption = Location of Mississauga in the [[Regional Municipality of Peel]] in the province of [[Ontario]] | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Canada | subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Province]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Regional municipality|Region]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Ontario]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Regional Municipality of Peel|Peel]] | established_title = [[Toronto Township, Ontario|Toronto Township]] | established_date = 1805 | established_title2 = Incorporated | established_date2 = 1968 (town)<br/>1974 (city) | established_title3 = | established_date3 = | leader_title = [[List of mayors of Mississauga|Mayor]] | leader_name = [[Carolyn Parrish]] | leader_title1 = Council | leader_name1 = [[Mississauga City Council]] | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 292.74 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = | area_footnotes = <ref name="2021Census"/> | elevation_m = 156 | population_total = 717,961 ([[List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population|7th]]) | population_as_of = [[Canada 2021 Census|2021]] | population_footnotes = <ref name="2021Census">{{cite web |title=Census Profile, 2021 Census Mississauga Population |url= https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&GENDERlist=1&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0&DGUIDlist=2021A00053521005&SearchText=mississauga|website=[[Census Canada]] | date=9 February 2022 |access-date=February 9, 2022}}</ref> | population_density_km2 = 2,452.5 | population_urban = | postal_code_type = [[Canadian postal code#Forward sortation areas|Forward sortation area]] | postal_code = [[List of L postal codes of Canada|L4T to L5W & M7R]] | area_code = [[Area codes 905, 289, and 365|905, 289, 365, and 742]] | unemployment_rate = | website = {{Official URL}} | footnotes = | leader_title2 = MPs | leader_name2 = {{Collapsible list |title = List of MPs |frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; |title_style = |list_style = text-align:left;display:none; |1= [[Omar Alghabra]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|L]]) |2= [[Peter Fonseca]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|L]]) |3= [[Iqwinder Gaheer]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|L]]) |4= [[Iqra Khalid]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|L]]) |5= [[Charles Sousa]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|L]]) |6= [[Rechie Valdez]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|L]]) }} | leader_title3 = MPPs | leader_name3 = {{Collapsible list |title = List of MPPs |frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; |title_style = |list_style = text-align:left;display:none; |1= [[Deepak Anand]] ([[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|PC]]) |2= [[Rudy Cuzzetto]] ([[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|PC]]) |3= [[Natalia Kusendova]] ([[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|PC]]) |4= [[Silvia Gualtieri]] ([[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|PC]]) |5= [[Sheref Sabawy]] ([[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|PC]]) |6= [[Nina Tangri]] ([[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|PC]]) }} | timezone = [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]] | utc_offset = −05:00 | timezone_DST = EDT | utc_offset_DST = −04:00 | blank_name = [[Demonym]] | blank_info = {{hlist |Mississaugan|Saugan|Mississauguese}}<ref name=Demonym>{{cite web|title=Demonyms—From coast to coast to coast&nbsp;— Language articles&nbsp;— Language Portal of Canada|url=https://www.noslangues-ourlanguages.gc.ca/bien-well/fra-eng/vocabulaire-vocabulary/demonyms-eng.html|website=Noslangues-ourlanguages.gc.ca|access-date=24 August 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140830091113/http://www.noslangues-ourlanguages.gc.ca/bien-well/fra-eng/vocabulaire-vocabulary/demonyms-eng.html|archive-date=30 August 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> }} '''Mississauga, Ontario''' is the seventh-largest city in [[Canada]] and the third largest city in [[Ontario]] (after [[Toronto]] and [[Ottawa]]). It borders the largest city in Canada, Toronto. In fact, it is a part of the [[Greater Toronto Area]]. [[Toronto Pearson International Airport]] is in Mississauga. [[File:Mississauga New Flyer.jpg|right|350px|thumbnail|A Mississauga Transit Bus.]] == Visitor attractions == * [[Art Gallery of Mississauga]], a free gallery in the [[Mississauga Civic Centre|Civic Centre]] showcasing local art * [[Benares Historic House]] * [[Bradley House Museum]] * [[Living Arts Centre]], a showcase for the arts * [[Opera Mississauga]] * [[Heritage Mississauga]] * [[Portuguese Cultural Centre of Mississauga]] * [[Renaissance Catering & Convention Centre]] == History == On August 2, 1805, [[Toronto Township, Ontario|Toronto Township]] was formed when officials from [[York, Ontario|York]] (what is now the City of Toronto) purchased 84,000&nbsp;acres (340&nbsp;km²) of land from the [[Mississaugas]]. In January 2010, the Mississaugas and the [[Government of Canada|federal government]] settled a land claim. The aboriginal people received $145,000,000 from that.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mississauga.com/news-story/3149477-feds-offer-to-settle-land-claims/ |title=Feds offer to settle land claims |publisher=Mississauga News |date=2010-01-27 |access-date=21 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title= Real Estate, Indigenous Land Rights, and the 2010 Mississaugas Settlement Agreement| url= https://phinneyrealestate.com/| access-date= 2 July 2025| website= Phinney Real Estate}}</ref> After the land was surveyed, much of it was given in the form of land grants to [[United Empire Loyalists]]. They [[Emigration|emigrated]] from the [[Thirteen Colonies]] during and after the [[American Revolution]], as well as loyalists from New Brunswick. A group of settlers from New York City arrived in the 1830s. In 1820, the government purchased additional land from the Mississaugas. Additional settlements were established, including: Barbertown, Britannia, Burnhamthorpe, Derry West, [[Elmbank, Ontario|Elmbank]], [[Malton, Ontario|Malton]], [[Meadowvale, Ontario|Meadowvale Village]], Mount Charles, and [[Streetsville, Ontario|Streetsville]]. European-Canadian growth led to the eventual displacement of the Mississaugas. In 1847, the government relocated them to [[New Credit|a reserve]] in the [[Grand River, Ontario|Grand River Valley]], near present-day [[Hagersville, Ontario|Hagersville]].<ref name=MississaugaCityHistory>{{cite web|title=City History|url=http://carlwalwyn.com/city-history|access-date=21 November 2014|archive-date=26 September 2014|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140926195226/http://carlwalwyn.com/city-history|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Part One 1819–1850|url=http://www.mississauga.ca/file/COM/9661_MeadowvaleBook_PartOne.pdf|access-date=21 November 2014}}</ref> In 1873, the Toronto Township Council was formed to oversee the events of the various villages that were [[Unincorporated area|unincorporated]] at that time. The council's responsibilities included road maintenance, and a police force. Most of present-day Mississauga was [[Agriculture|agricultural land]]: including fruit orchards, through much of the 19th and first half of the 20th century. Exceptions included small villages, some [[gristmill]]s and [[brickworks]] served by railway lines,<ref name="Mississauga Real Estate">{{cite web|title=Mississauga Real Estate|url=http://www5.mississauga.ca/rec&parks/websites/museums/pdfs/history_of_mississauga.pdf|access-date=22 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="Heritage Mississauga">{{cite web|title=Heritage Mississauga – History|url=http://www.heritagemississauga.com/page/History|access-date=21 November 2014}}</ref> In the 1920s, cottages were constructed along the shores of [[Lake Ontario]] for people who lived in the city. 17 years later in 1937, 1,410.8&nbsp;acres of land was sold to build the [[Malton Airport]] (later known as the Pearson Airport). It became Canada's busiest airport which also put the end to the community of Elmank.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cook|first=Dave|title=Fading History Vol. 2|url=https://archive.org/details/fadinghistoryvol0000cook|year=2010|publisher=David L. Cook|location=Mississauga, Ontario|isbn=978-0-9734265-3-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/fadinghistoryvol0000cook/page/158 158]}}</ref> The township settlements of Lakeview, Cooksville, Lorne Park, Clarkson, Erindale, Sheridan, Dixie, Meadowvale Village, and [[Malton, Ontario|Malton]] were combined in 1968 to form the Town of Mississauga. At the time, both [[Port Credit, Ontario|Port Credit]] and [[Streetsville]] were left out and remained separate. The town name was chosen by voting. In 1974, Port Credit and Streetsville became part of Mississauga. In that same year, the [[Square One Shopping Centre]] opened.<ref>{{cite web|title=1968&nbsp;– Amalgamation to form the Town of Mississauga|url=http://www5.mississauga.ca//library/SRC/MM1968_Amalgamation.html|publisher=mississauga.ca|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> On November 10, 1979, [[1979 Mississauga train derailment|a freight train left its tracks]] on the Canadian Pacific rail line while carrying explosive and poisonous chemicals just north of the intersection of [[Mavis Road]] and [[Dundas Street (Ontario)|Dundas Street]]. One of the [[tank car]]s carrying [[propane]] exploded. Since other tank cars were carrying [[chlorine]], the decision was made to evacuate nearby residents. With the possibility of a deadly cloud of chlorine gas spreading through Mississauga, 218,000 people were evacuated.<ref>{{cite web|title=Missisauga Train Derailment|url=http://www.mississauga.ca/portal/residents/derailmentgallery|publisher=mississauga.ca|access-date=14 September 2011}}</ref> Residents were allowed to return home, once the area was safe. It was one of the largest evacuations in North American history.<ref name="Mississauga train derailment">{{cite web|title=Mississauga train derailment, November 10, 1979|url=http://www.carterrv.com/stead/1979/1979.htm|access-date=25 September 2014}}</ref> == Geography == [[File:Mississauga overview map.svg|thumb|right|270px|Overview map of Mississauga.]] Mississauga covers {{convert|292.74|km2}} of land,<ref name="2021Census"/> with {{convert|13|km}} of shoreline on [[Lake Ontario]]. == Statistics == Mississauga is a large and [[multicultural]] city. As of 2021, [[Statistics Canada]] counted 717,961 people in Mississauga. == Law and Government == {{update|date=April 2025}} The city of Mississauga has only had five mayors in its past and it was created in 1974. This is because in Mississauga usually mayors serve for a very long time. For example, [[Hazel McCallion]] was mayor for 36 years. The current mayor is {{ill|Carolyn Parrish|en}} who assumed office in June 2024. ;Mayors * Dr. Martin L. Dobkin 1974–1976 * Ron A. Searle 1976–1978 * [[Hazel McCallion]] 1978–2014 * Bonnie Crombie 2014–2024 * Carolyn Parrish 2024–now ;Council Mississauga is split into 11 wards (parts) each of them having their own councillor. * Ward 1 Stephen Dasko * Ward 2 Alvin Tedjo * Ward 3 Chris Fonseca * Ward 4 John Kovac * Ward 5 Natalie Hart * Ward 6 Joe Horneck * Ward 7 Dipika Damerla * Ward 8 Matt Mahoney * Ward 9 Martin Reid * Ward 10 Sue McFadden * Ward 11 Brad Butt ;Federal and Provincial Ridings Mississauga has six legislative (government) ridings that are the same for the Canadian government and the Ontario government. The Canadian government has people in charge of those ridings called M.P.'s (Member of Parliament) and the Ontario government has M.P.P.'s (Member of Provincial Parliament) in charge of them. * Mississauga Centre *: M.P.: Omar Alghabra (Liberal) *: M.P.P.: Natalia Kusendova (Progressive Conservative) * Mississauga East—Cooksville *: M.P.: Peter Fonseca (Liberal) *: M.P.P.: Silvia Gualtieri (Progressive Conservative) * Mississauga—Erin Mills *: M.P.: Iqra Khalid (Liberal) *: M.P.P: Sheref Sabawy (Progressive Conservative) * Mississauga—Lakeshore *: M.P.: Charles Sousa (Liberal) *: M.P.P.: Rudy Cuzzetto (Progressive Conservative) * Mississauga—Malton *: M.P.: Iqwinder Gaheer (Liberal) *: M.P.P.: Deepak Anand (Progressive Conservative) * Mississauga—Streetsville *: M.P.: Rechie Valdez (Liberal) *: M.P.P.: Nina Tangri (Progressive Conservative) == References == {{reflist}} {{Geographic location | Centre = Mississauga | North = [[Brampton]] | Northeast = [[Vaughan]] | East = [[Toronto]] | Southeast = ''[[Lake Ontario]]'' | South = ''[[Lake Ontario]]'' | Southwest = [[Oakville, Ontario|Oakville]] | West = [[Milton, Ontario|Milton]] | Northwest = [[Halton Hills, Ontario|Halton Hills]] }} {{authority control}} [[Category:Mississauga| ]] hom6pjholm46va2yn07tetrs3fji4dt 10368099 10367915 2025-07-02T18:58:45Z ClumsyOwlet 1422943 Undid revision 10367915 by [[Special:Contributions/59.103.90.27|59.103.90.27]] ([[User talk:59.103.90.27|talk]]) spam 10368099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Mississauga | official_name = City of Mississauga | native_name = | settlement_type = [[List of cities in Ontario|City]] ([[List of municipalities in Ontario#Lower-tier municipalities|lower-tier]]) | image_skyline = {{multiple image|total_width=250px|perrow=1/2/2/2|border=infobox | image1 = ValG MississaugaSkyline.jpg | alt1 = | image2 = Mississauga Civic Centre (2009).jpg | alt2 = | image3 = Health Sciences Complex.jpg | alt3 = | image4 = Old Grammar School IDM 14583.jpg | alt4 = | image5 = The Credit River, Mississauga (11791385864).jpg | alt5 = | image6 = ValG StreetsvilleChurge1.jpg | alt6 = | image7 = Absolute_Mississauga_May_2012.jpg | alt7 = | image8 = ValG MississaugaLakeshore1.jpg | alt8 = | image9 = Mcitytowers.jpg | alt9 = }} | image_size = 250px | image_caption = From top, left to right: [[Mississauga City Centre]], the [[Mississauga Civic Centre]], Health Sciences Complex at the [[University of Toronto Mississauga]], Old Grammar School in [[Streetsville, Mississauga|Streetsville]], the [[Credit River]], 282 Church Street, [[Absolute World]] towers, the St. Lawrence bay in [[Port Credit]], and the [[M City Condominiums]] | image_flag = Flag of Mississauga.svg | image_shield = | image_blank_emblem = Mississauga_city_logo_2014.svg | blank_emblem_type = Logo | nickname = | motto = Pride in our past, faith in our future Leading Today for Tomorrow | pushpin_map = Canada Southern Ontario | pushpin_relief = yes | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Mississauga in southern Ontario | coordinates = {{coord|43|36|N|79|39|W|region:CA-ON|display=inline,title}} | image_map = Location of Mississauga.PNG | map_caption = Location of Mississauga in the [[Regional Municipality of Peel]] in the province of [[Ontario]] | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Canada | subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Province]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Regional municipality|Region]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Ontario]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Regional Municipality of Peel|Peel]] | established_title = [[Toronto Township, Ontario|Toronto Township]] | established_date = 1805 | established_title2 = Incorporated | established_date2 = 1968 (town)<br/>1974 (city) | established_title3 = | established_date3 = | leader_title = [[List of mayors of Mississauga|Mayor]] | leader_name = [[Carolyn Parrish]] | leader_title1 = Council | leader_name1 = [[Mississauga City Council]] | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 292.74 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = | area_footnotes = <ref name="2021Census"/> | elevation_m = 156 | population_total = 717,961 ([[List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population|7th]]) | population_as_of = [[Canada 2021 Census|2021]] | population_footnotes = <ref name="2021Census">{{cite web |title=Census Profile, 2021 Census Mississauga Population |url= https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&GENDERlist=1&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0&DGUIDlist=2021A00053521005&SearchText=mississauga|website=[[Census Canada]] | date=9 February 2022 |access-date=February 9, 2022}}</ref> | population_density_km2 = 2,452.5 | population_urban = | postal_code_type = [[Canadian postal code#Forward sortation areas|Forward sortation area]] | postal_code = [[List of L postal codes of Canada|L4T to L5W & M7R]] | area_code = [[Area codes 905, 289, and 365|905, 289, 365, and 742]] | unemployment_rate = | website = {{Official URL}} | footnotes = | leader_title2 = MPs | leader_name2 = {{Collapsible list |title = List of MPs |frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; |title_style = |list_style = text-align:left;display:none; |1= [[Omar Alghabra]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|L]]) |2= [[Peter Fonseca]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|L]]) |3= [[Iqwinder Gaheer]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|L]]) |4= [[Iqra Khalid]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|L]]) |5= [[Charles Sousa]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|L]]) |6= [[Rechie Valdez]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|L]]) }} | leader_title3 = MPPs | leader_name3 = {{Collapsible list |title = List of MPPs |frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; |title_style = |list_style = text-align:left;display:none; |1= [[Deepak Anand]] ([[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|PC]]) |2= [[Rudy Cuzzetto]] ([[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|PC]]) |3= [[Natalia Kusendova]] ([[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|PC]]) |4= [[Silvia Gualtieri]] ([[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|PC]]) |5= [[Sheref Sabawy]] ([[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|PC]]) |6= [[Nina Tangri]] ([[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|PC]]) }} | timezone = [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]] | utc_offset = −05:00 | timezone_DST = EDT | utc_offset_DST = −04:00 | blank_name = [[Demonym]] | blank_info = {{hlist |Mississaugan|Saugan|Mississauguese}}<ref name=Demonym>{{cite web|title=Demonyms—From coast to coast to coast&nbsp;— Language articles&nbsp;— Language Portal of Canada|url=https://www.noslangues-ourlanguages.gc.ca/bien-well/fra-eng/vocabulaire-vocabulary/demonyms-eng.html|website=Noslangues-ourlanguages.gc.ca|access-date=24 August 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140830091113/http://www.noslangues-ourlanguages.gc.ca/bien-well/fra-eng/vocabulaire-vocabulary/demonyms-eng.html|archive-date=30 August 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> }} '''Mississauga, Ontario''' is the seventh-largest city in [[Canada]] and the third largest city in [[Ontario]] (after [[Toronto]] and [[Ottawa]]). It borders the largest city in Canada, Toronto. In fact, it is a part of the [[Greater Toronto Area]]. [[Toronto Pearson International Airport]] is in Mississauga. [[File:Mississauga New Flyer.jpg|right|350px|thumbnail|A Mississauga Transit Bus.]] == Visitor attractions == * [[Art Gallery of Mississauga]], a free gallery in the [[Mississauga Civic Centre|Civic Centre]] showcasing local art * [[Benares Historic House]] * [[Bradley House Museum]] * [[Living Arts Centre]], a showcase for the arts * [[Opera Mississauga]] * [[Heritage Mississauga]] * [[Portuguese Cultural Centre of Mississauga]] * [[Renaissance Catering & Convention Centre]] == History == On August 2, 1805, [[Toronto Township, Ontario|Toronto Township]] was formed when officials from [[York, Ontario|York]] (what is now the City of Toronto) purchased 84,000&nbsp;acres (340&nbsp;km²) of land from the [[Mississaugas]]. In January 2010, the Mississaugas and the [[Government of Canada|federal government]] settled a land claim. The aboriginal people received $145,000,000 from that.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mississauga.com/news-story/3149477-feds-offer-to-settle-land-claims/ |title=Feds offer to settle land claims |publisher=Mississauga News |date=2010-01-27 |access-date=21 November 2014}}</ref> After the land was surveyed, much of it was given in the form of land grants to [[United Empire Loyalists]]. They [[Emigration|emigrated]] from the [[Thirteen Colonies]] during and after the [[American Revolution]], as well as loyalists from New Brunswick. A group of settlers from New York City arrived in the 1830s. In 1820, the government purchased additional land from the Mississaugas. Additional settlements were established, including: Barbertown, Britannia, Burnhamthorpe, Derry West, [[Elmbank, Ontario|Elmbank]], [[Malton, Ontario|Malton]], [[Meadowvale, Ontario|Meadowvale Village]], Mount Charles, and [[Streetsville, Ontario|Streetsville]]. European-Canadian growth led to the eventual displacement of the Mississaugas. In 1847, the government relocated them to [[New Credit|a reserve]] in the [[Grand River, Ontario|Grand River Valley]], near present-day [[Hagersville, Ontario|Hagersville]].<ref name=MississaugaCityHistory>{{cite web|title=City History|url=http://carlwalwyn.com/city-history|access-date=21 November 2014|archive-date=26 September 2014|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140926195226/http://carlwalwyn.com/city-history|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Part One 1819–1850|url=http://www.mississauga.ca/file/COM/9661_MeadowvaleBook_PartOne.pdf|access-date=21 November 2014}}</ref> In 1873, the Toronto Township Council was formed to oversee the events of the various villages that were [[Unincorporated area|unincorporated]] at that time. The council's responsibilities included road maintenance, and a police force. Most of present-day Mississauga was [[Agriculture|agricultural land]]: including fruit orchards, through much of the 19th and first half of the 20th century. Exceptions included small villages, some [[gristmill]]s and [[brickworks]] served by railway lines,<ref name="Mississauga Real Estate">{{cite web|title=Mississauga Real Estate|url=http://www5.mississauga.ca/rec&parks/websites/museums/pdfs/history_of_mississauga.pdf|access-date=22 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="Heritage Mississauga">{{cite web|title=Heritage Mississauga – History|url=http://www.heritagemississauga.com/page/History|access-date=21 November 2014}}</ref> In the 1920s, cottages were constructed along the shores of [[Lake Ontario]] for people who lived in the city. 17 years later in 1937, 1,410.8&nbsp;acres of land was sold to build the [[Malton Airport]] (later known as the Pearson Airport). It became Canada's busiest airport which also put the end to the community of Elmank.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cook|first=Dave|title=Fading History Vol. 2|url=https://archive.org/details/fadinghistoryvol0000cook|year=2010|publisher=David L. Cook|location=Mississauga, Ontario|isbn=978-0-9734265-3-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/fadinghistoryvol0000cook/page/158 158]}}</ref> The township settlements of Lakeview, Cooksville, Lorne Park, Clarkson, Erindale, Sheridan, Dixie, Meadowvale Village, and [[Malton, Ontario|Malton]] were combined in 1968 to form the Town of Mississauga. At the time, both [[Port Credit, Ontario|Port Credit]] and [[Streetsville]] were left out and remained separate. The town name was chosen by voting. In 1974, Port Credit and Streetsville became part of Mississauga. In that same year, the [[Square One Shopping Centre]] opened.<ref>{{cite web|title=1968&nbsp;– Amalgamation to form the Town of Mississauga|url=http://www5.mississauga.ca//library/SRC/MM1968_Amalgamation.html|publisher=mississauga.ca|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> On November 10, 1979, [[1979 Mississauga train derailment|a freight train left its tracks]] on the Canadian Pacific rail line while carrying explosive and poisonous chemicals just north of the intersection of [[Mavis Road]] and [[Dundas Street (Ontario)|Dundas Street]]. One of the [[tank car]]s carrying [[propane]] exploded. Since other tank cars were carrying [[chlorine]], the decision was made to evacuate nearby residents. With the possibility of a deadly cloud of chlorine gas spreading through Mississauga, 218,000 people were evacuated.<ref>{{cite web|title=Missisauga Train Derailment|url=http://www.mississauga.ca/portal/residents/derailmentgallery|publisher=mississauga.ca|access-date=14 September 2011}}</ref> Residents were allowed to return home, once the area was safe. It was one of the largest evacuations in North American history.<ref name="Mississauga train derailment">{{cite web|title=Mississauga train derailment, November 10, 1979|url=http://www.carterrv.com/stead/1979/1979.htm|access-date=25 September 2014}}</ref> == Geography == [[File:Mississauga overview map.svg|thumb|right|270px|Overview map of Mississauga.]] Mississauga covers {{convert|292.74|km2}} of land,<ref name="2021Census"/> with {{convert|13|km}} of shoreline on [[Lake Ontario]]. == Statistics == Mississauga is a large and [[multicultural]] city. As of 2021, [[Statistics Canada]] counted 717,961 people in Mississauga. == Law and Government == {{update|date=April 2025}} The city of Mississauga has only had five mayors in its past and it was created in 1974. This is because in Mississauga usually mayors serve for a very long time. For example, [[Hazel McCallion]] was mayor for 36 years. The current mayor is {{ill|Carolyn Parrish|en}} who assumed office in June 2024. ;Mayors * Dr. Martin L. Dobkin 1974–1976 * Ron A. Searle 1976–1978 * [[Hazel McCallion]] 1978–2014 * Bonnie Crombie 2014–2024 * Carolyn Parrish 2024–now ;Council Mississauga is split into 11 wards (parts) each of them having their own councillor. * Ward 1 Stephen Dasko * Ward 2 Alvin Tedjo * Ward 3 Chris Fonseca * Ward 4 John Kovac * Ward 5 Natalie Hart * Ward 6 Joe Horneck * Ward 7 Dipika Damerla * Ward 8 Matt Mahoney * Ward 9 Martin Reid * Ward 10 Sue McFadden * Ward 11 Brad Butt ;Federal and Provincial Ridings Mississauga has six legislative (government) ridings that are the same for the Canadian government and the Ontario government. The Canadian government has people in charge of those ridings called M.P.'s (Member of Parliament) and the Ontario government has M.P.P.'s (Member of Provincial Parliament) in charge of them. * Mississauga Centre *: M.P.: Omar Alghabra (Liberal) *: M.P.P.: Natalia Kusendova (Progressive Conservative) * Mississauga East—Cooksville *: M.P.: Peter Fonseca (Liberal) *: M.P.P.: Silvia Gualtieri (Progressive Conservative) * Mississauga—Erin Mills *: M.P.: Iqra Khalid (Liberal) *: M.P.P: Sheref Sabawy (Progressive Conservative) * Mississauga—Lakeshore *: M.P.: Charles Sousa (Liberal) *: M.P.P.: Rudy Cuzzetto (Progressive Conservative) * Mississauga—Malton *: M.P.: Iqwinder Gaheer (Liberal) *: M.P.P.: Deepak Anand (Progressive Conservative) * Mississauga—Streetsville *: M.P.: Rechie Valdez (Liberal) *: M.P.P.: Nina Tangri (Progressive Conservative) == References == {{reflist}} {{Geographic location | Centre = Mississauga | North = [[Brampton]] | Northeast = [[Vaughan]] | East = [[Toronto]] | Southeast = ''[[Lake Ontario]]'' | South = ''[[Lake Ontario]]'' | Southwest = [[Oakville, Ontario|Oakville]] | West = [[Milton, Ontario|Milton]] | Northwest = [[Halton Hills, Ontario|Halton Hills]] }} {{authority control}} [[Category:Mississauga| ]] 6vhw2zpwprkhq372ud4gx1z0dvzkejw 0 24596 10368618 10363724 2025-07-03T01:04:36Z 2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4 10368618 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Equidae | image = 00296 zebra.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = [[Plains Zebra]]s | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Chordata]] | classis = [[Mammalia]] | ordo = [[Perissodactyla]] | familia = '''Equidae''' | familia_authority = [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1821 | genus = ''[[Equus (genus)|Equus]]'' | genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758 }} '''Equidae''', also known as a '''Horse Family''' is a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[odd-toed ungulate]] that are only one surviving [[genus]]: ''Equus''. [[Horse]]s, [[donkey]]s and [[zebra]]s belong in this genus. Animals of the ''Equus'' genus can have [[hybrid]] offspring, but they are usually sterile. They can have many different colours. An adult female equidae is called a '''mare'''. {{wikispecies|Equidae}} {{commonscat|Equidae}} {{-}} {{biology-stub}} [[Category:Equids| ]] dmrh5s2tzy0wvi79rkde37ts7q6voxc 10368675 10368618 2025-07-03T01:58:32Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4|2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4]] ([[User talk:2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4|talk]]) identified as [[WP:VAND|vandalism]] to last revision by ThisUserIsAStub. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368675 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Equidae | image = 00296 zebra.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = [[Plains Zebra]]s | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Chordata]] | classis = [[Mammalia]] | ordo = [[Perissodactyla]] | familia = '''Equidae''' | familia_authority = [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1821 | genus = ''[[Equus (genus)|Equus]]'' | genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758 }} '''Equidae''' is a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[odd-toed ungulate]] that are only one surviving [[genus]]: ''Equus''. [[Horse]]s, [[donkey]]s and [[zebra]]s belong in this genus. Animals of the ''Equus'' genus can have [[hybrid]] offspring, but they are usually sterile. They can have many different colours. An adult female equidae is called a '''mare'''. {{wikispecies|Equidae}} {{commonscat|Equidae}} {{-}} {{biology-stub}} [[Category:Equids| ]] g6f9nrz6s1u997ncl46y63nup9c4c76 0 25167 10368157 10186250 2025-07-02T19:46:28Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ US-EN 10368157 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = Futurama 1999 logo.svg | genre = [[Sitcom]]<br />[[Science fiction]]<br />[[Adult animation]] | creator = [[Matt Groening]] | developer = Matt Groening<br />[[David X. Cohen]] | voices = [[Billy West]]<br />[[Katey Sagal]]<br />[[John DiMaggio]]<br />[[Tress MacNeille]]<br />[[Maurice LaMarche]]<br />[[Lauren Tom]]<br />[[Phil LaMarr]]<br />[[David Herman]]<br />[[Frank Welker]] | theme_music_composer = [[Christopher Tyng]] | opentheme = "Theme from ''Futurama''" | country = United States | language = English | num_seasons = 9 | num_episodes = 160 | executive_producer = Matt Groening<br />David X. Cohen<br />[[Ken Keeler]] | producer = Lee Supercinski<br />[[Claudia Katz]] | editor = Paul D. Calder | runtime = 22 minutes | company = [[The Curiosity Company]]<br />[[20th Century Fox Television]] | network = [[Fox Broadcasting Company]] | first_aired = {{Start date|1999|03|28}} | last_aired = {{End date|2003|08|10}} | network2 = [[Comedy Central]] | first_aired2 = {{Start date|2008|03|23}} | last_aired2 = {{End date|2013|09|04}} | network3 = [[Hulu]] | first_aired3 = {{Start date|2023|7|24}} | last_aired3 = present | list_episodes = List of Futurama episodes | related = ''[[The Simpsons]]'' }} '''''Futurama''''' is an American adult [[animated]] [[science fiction]] [[sitcom]] created by [[Matt Groening]] and developed by Groening and [[David X. Cohen]] for the [[Fox Broadcasting Company]]. It is in ''New'' [[New York City]] during the [[31st century]]. The shows were first shown on [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] on March 28, 1999, until August 10, 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Seibold|first=Witney|date=2022-07-08|title=How Futurama Found The Right Balance Of Comedy And Sci-Fi|url=https://www.slashfilm.com/921772/how-futurama-found-the-right-balance-of-comedy-and-sci-fi/|access-date=2024-07-16|website=SlashFilm|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2008, [[Comedy Central]] in the United States began airing episodes, Comedy Central later said that the seventh [[Season (television)|season]] would be the final season. The [[series finale]] aired on September 4, 2013, though Groening has said he will try to get it picked up by another network. Also, 4 [[DVD]] [[movie]]s were made.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-04-16|title=ROTTEN TOMATOES: Groening's Bargain to Yield Four "Futurama" Movies|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/news/1648183/|access-date=2024-07-16|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2008-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416100052/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/news/1648183/|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2006-11-06|title=Yahoo! Top Stories - "Futurama" gets new life on Comedy Central|url=http://entertainment.tv.yahoo.com/entnews/va/20060622/115104459800.html|access-date=2024-07-16|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2006-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061106224128/http://entertainment.tv.yahoo.com/entnews/va/20060622/115104459800.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Plot summary== The series is about [[Philip J. Fry]] ([[Billy West]]), a lazy [[New York City]] [[pizza delivery]] boy, who [[cryonics|froze]] himself by mistake on [[New Year's Eve]], 1999. He wakes up one thousand years later on New Year's Eve, 2999, and finds himself in ''New'' New York City. Fry wants to get a new job, though in the end he is forced to be a delivery boy. Fry tries to escape from his job and afterwards goes to Planet Express, a small delivery company that goes around the galaxy owned by his distant nephew, where he becomes a delivery boy. The series then describes the adventures of Fry and the other workers as they go around the universe making deliveries. ==Characters== * Phillip J. Fry-A man from the year 1999 who finds himself in the year 3000. * Turanga Leela ([[Katey Sagal]])– a cyclops (a creature with only one eye) who is one of Fry's friends. She is the pilot of Old Bessie and the [[captain]] of the crew. Fry falls in [[love]] with her. For a long time she does not love him back. Fry still tries to win her love many times. Finally they become [[boyfriend]] and girlfriend. Leela is brave and good at fighting. She also takes her job very seriously. That sometimes becomes a problem, because she does not give up a mission when it would be better. She has violet hair and wears a white [[tank top]], black trousers and boots. * [[Bender (Futurama)|Bender Bending Rodriguez]] ([[John DiMaggio]]) – a bending [[robot]] who is Fry's best friend. He is a [[Kleptomania|kleptomanic]]. That means that he often steals things by accident or for fun. He drinks a lot of [[alcohol]] because that is his [[fuel]]. He also smokes [[cigar]]s. Bender's last name is Rodriguez because he was built in [[Mexico]]. He dreams of killing all humans except Fry and becoming a famous [[Country music|country singer]]. His catchphrases are "Kiss my shiny metal ass!" and "Let's go already!" * [[Professor Farnsworth|Professor Hubert J. Farnsworth]] ([[Billy West]]) – an [[inventor]] and head of Planet Express. He is very old and wears thick [[eyeglasses]], a [[lab coat]] and [[slippers]]. He is Fry's 30 times great grand[[nephew]] and his last living [[Kinship|relative]]. The crew just calls him "The Professor". The Professor often invents dangerous things that the crew must get rid of. His catch phrase is "Good news everyone!" He says that before telling the crew their next mission. Usually that is not good news for the crew. * Dr. John Zoidberg ([[Billy West]]) – a [[crustacean]]-like creature from another planet. He is the [[Medical doctor|doctor]] at Planet Express, although he does not know much about [[human]] [[health]]. He lives in the dumpster behind the Planet Express building. Dr. Zoidberg often does not know how to behave right because he is an [[Extraterrestrial life|alien]]. That is why the other Planet Express workers mock him. When he becomes very nervous, a comb unfolds on his head. * Amy Wong - a young woman from [[Mars]]. She assists the Professor in his [[experiment]]s. Her parents are [[Chinese people|Chinese]]. She has black hair and wears pink [[jogging]] clothes. * Hermes Conrad - a [[Bureaucracy|bureaucrat]] from [[Jamaica]]. He does the paperwork for Planet Express and organizes everything. He is very fussy and strict about rules. Hermes is good at [[Limbo]] and likes hot food. He has a wife and a son. His son becomes friends with a [[clone]] of Professor Farnsworth. * [[General officer|General]] Zapp Brannigan - the self-absorbed leader of [[earth]]'s [[army]]. He is incompetent but thinks he is the greatest. Zapp has a crush on Leela and tries to take advantage of when she is in danger. She always harshly rejects him because he is so unbearable. His alien assistant Kiff becomes Amy's boyfriend. * Nibbler - a little black alien with pointy [[canine teeth]]. The crew saves him from a collapsing planet and he becomes Leela's [[pet]]. He can eat animals that are ten times bigger than himself with one bite. He poops [[dark matter]] that is used as the fuel for Old Bessie. Nibbler wears a [[diaper]] and a red [[cape]]. He is actually very intelligent and can speak, but does not show it. He staged the accident that brought Fry to the [[future]] so Fry could save the world from an attack of giant hovering [[brain]]s. ==Setting== The first episode begins in the year 2999 later 3000, a time where there are many technological advancements, as well as a place where 21st century problems are treated as everyday situations. In a jab at segregation, for example, the series depicts the human prejudice against [[Mutation|mutants]] as being so great that the latter have been forced to live underground in the sewers. The characters' home on Earth is the city of [[List of Futurama places#New New York|New New York]], built over the ruins of present-day [[New York City]], referred to as "Old New York". There is a fictional religion named Robotology in the television show. It is similar to United States black churches. ==Networks== Old episodes are now seen on [[Adult Swim]] (a part of [[Cartoon Network]]) and [[Too Funny To Sleep]] (a part of [[TBS (American TV channel)|TBS]]) in the [[United States]], on [[Teletoon]] in [[Canada]], on [[Channel 4]] in the [[United Kingdom]] plus [[Sky One]], [[Sky Two]], [[Sky Three]] and [[TV6 (Ireland)|TV6]] in the UK and [[Republic of Ireland]], on [[Fox8]] and [[Network Ten]] in [[Australia]], on [[Pro 7]] in [[Germany]] and on Canal Fox in [[Latin America]], including [[Colombia]], [[Argentina]], [[Mexico]], etc. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{wiktionary-inline|Appendix:Futurama|''Futurama''}} * * {{Wikiquote-inline|Futurama|''Futurama''}} * {{Commons category-inline|Futurama|''Futurama''}} * {{IMDb title|id=0149460}} [[Category:1999 American television series debuts]] [[Category:Adult animated television series]] [[Category:1990s American sitcoms]] [[Category:1990s American animated television series]] [[Category:2000s American sitcoms]] [[Category:2000s science fiction television series]] [[Category:2010s American sitcoms]] [[Category:2010s American animated television series]] [[Category:2010s science fiction television series]] [[Category:2020s American sitcoms]] [[Category:2020s American animated television series]] [[Category:Adult Swim]] [[Category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:American science fiction television series]] [[Category:American time travel television series]] [[Category:Comedy science fiction]] [[Category:Fox television series]] [[Category:Futurama]] [[Category:Television series set in New York City]] <!-- technically New New York City.. same place, different time) --> [[Category:Television series set in the future]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:Television series by Rough Draft Studios]] grg4s20makgf3mx9zcjky7d6fj4gtlg 0 25796 10368875 9614792 2025-07-03T03:39:44Z NicholasHui 862041 10368875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox NHL team |CAN_eng = 1 |team_name = Edmonton Oilers |current = 2025-2026 Edmonton Oilers season |bg_color = background:#FFFFFF;border-top:#013E7F 5px solid;border-bottom:#EB6E1E 5px solid; |text_color = #000000 |logo_image = |conference = [[Western Conference (NHL)|Western]] |division = [[Pacific Division (NHL)|Pacific]] |founded = [[1972–73 WHA season|1972]] |history = '''Alberta Oilers'''<br />[[1972–73 WHA season|1972–1973]] ([[World Hockey Association|WHA]])<br />'''Edmonton Oilers'''<br />[[1973–74 WHA season|1973]]–1979 ([[World Hockey Association|WHA]])<br />[[1979–80 NHL season|1979]]–present ([[National Hockey League|NHL]]) |arena = '''[[Rogers Place]]''' |city = [[Edmonton|Edmonton, Alberta]] |uniform_image = |team_colors = Blue, orange, white {{color box|#013E7F}} {{color box|#EB6E1E}} {{color box|#FFFFFF}} |media_affiliates = [[Sportsnet|Sportsnet West]] and [[Sportsnet One|Sportsnet Oilers]]<br />[[CHED (AM)|CHED (630 AM)]] |owner = [[Oilers Entertainment Group]] <br /> ([[Daryl Katz]], [[Katz Group of Companies]]) |general_manager = [[Ken Holland]] |head_coach = [[Kris Knoblauch]] |captain = [[Connor McDavid]] |minor_league_affiliates = [[Bakersfield Condors (AHL)|Bakersfield Condors]] ([[American Hockey League|AHL]])<br/>[[Wichita Thunder (ECHL)|Wichita Thunder]] ([[ECHL]]) |stanley_cups = '''5''' ([[1984 Stanley Cup Finals|1983–84]], [[1985 Stanley Cup Finals|1984–85]], [[1987 Stanley Cup Finals|1986–87]], [[1988 Stanley Cup Finals|1987–88]], [[1990 Stanley Cup Finals|1989–90]]) |conf_titles = '''9''' ([[1982–83 NHL season|1982–83]], [[1983–84 NHL season|1983–84]], [[1984–85 NHL season|1984–85]], [[1986–87 NHL season|1986–87]], [[1987–88 NHL season|1987–88]], [[1989–90 NHL season|1989–90]], [[2005–06 NHL season|2005–06]], [[2023–24 NHL season|2023–24]], [[2024–25 NHL season|2024–25]]) |presidents'_trophies = '''2''' ([[1985–86 NHL season|1985–86]], [[1986–87 NHL season|1986–87]]) |division_titles = '''9''' ([[1978–79 WHA season|1978–79]] (WHA), [[1982–83 NHL season|1982–83]], [[1983–84 NHL season|1983–84]], [[1984–85 NHL season|1984–85]], [[1986–87 NHL season|1986–87]], [[1987–88 NHL season|1987–88]], [[1989–90 NHL season|1989–90]], [[1990–91 NHL season|1990–91]], [[1991–92 NHL season|1991–92]]) |website = [http://oilers.nhl.com/ oilers.nhl.com] }} The '''Edmonton Oilers''' are an [[ice hockey]] team in the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL). They joined the NHL in 1979, after seven years in the [[World Hockey Association]]. They were named the "Oilers" because [[Edmonton, Alberta]] is the center of Canada's petroleum industry. The Oilers have won the [[Stanley Cup]] five times, in 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988, and 1990. They also won the [[President's Trophy]] as top team in the regular season in 1984, 1986, and 1987. They lost the 1983 Stanley Cup final to the [[New York Islanders]] and the 2006 Stanley Cup Final to the [[Carolina Hurricanes]]. [[Wayne Gretzky]] won the [[Hart Trophy]] as the NHL's [[most valuable player]] (MVP) eight times on the Oilers. He also won the [[Art Ross Trophy]] seven times on Edmonton, the goal-scoring title (now known as the [[Richard Trophy]]) five times, and the [[Conn Smythe Trophy]] as MVP in the playoffs twice. Gretzky set many NHL records on the Oilers, including most goals (92), assists (163), and points (215) in a season. The Oilers have had many other great players: [[Mark Messier]] won the [[Hart Trophy]] in 1990 and the [[Conn Smythe Trophy]] in 1984; [[Paul Coffey]] won the [[Norris Trophy]] as best defenceman in 1985 and 1986; [[Grant Fuhr]] won the [[Vezina Trophy]] as best [[goaltender]] in 1988; [[Jari Kurri]] led the NHL in goals in 1986; [[Bill Ranford]] won the [[Conn Smythe Trophy]] in 1990; and [[Connor McDavid]] won the Hart Trophy in 2017, 2021, and 2023, while teammate [[Leon Draisaitl]] won the award in 2020. Glenn Anderson and Curtis Joseph are among their other top players. == 2023-24 Season == {{2023–24 NHL Pacific Division standings|team=EDM}} {{NHL standings legend}} == References == {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *[http://oilers.nhl.com/ Official website] {{NHL}} {{authority control}} [[Category:1972 establishments in Canada]] [[Category:Edmonton Oilers]] [[Category:National Hockey League teams]] [[Category:World Hockey Association teams]] 3sq7agru9ijyd9cb1llm00ff6tyqpqd 0 27361 10369161 10353811 2025-07-03T08:07:56Z 180.150.36.182 10369161 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pop punk''' (or '''punk-pop''') is a form of [[pop music]] that blends [[punk rock]] with [[pop music]] and [[rock music]]. ==Overview== Pop-punk music has a lighter, happier [[sound]] than most [[punk rock]] and [[hardcore punk]] music. Most punk rock and hardcore punk music sounds [[Anger|angry]] and harsh, and has [[lyrics]] about [[protest]] and anger. ==History== ===Late 1970s and 1980s=== There are several types of pop-punk. An early type of pop-punk was developed right after [[Punk rock]] became popular in the late 1970s. Most of this kind of music is very much like [[Punk rock]], but it features things from other kinds of music like [[pop music]] and older [[rock music]], and [[country music]], so different people can enjoy it. Some people call the Ramones a pop-punk band. The Ramones were a band from the United States. ===1990s=== In the 1990s, pop-punk became very popular in North America. Bands such as [[Green Day]], [[Blink-182]] and Zebrahead sold [[1,000,000|millions]] of recordings and did many tours. ===Today=== In the 21st century, many bands have contributed to the pop punk genre. They include [[Fall Out Boy]], [[Relient K]], [[FM Static]], [[Hawk Nelson]], and Amber Pacific. ==Controversies== Some people who like 1970s [[punk rock]] or 1980s [[hardcore punk]] do not like pop-punk. The 1970s [[punk rock]] or 1980s [[hardcore punk]] was usually angry, rebellious protest music. In contrast, 2000s pop-punk songs are nicer and lighter. Some people think 2000s pop-punk is too commercialized and nothing like the older [[punk]] music from the 1970s and 1980s. ==Artists== * [[Green Day]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ALH2EAAAQBAJ&q=green+day+pop+punk|title=Green Day: A Musical Biography|last=Egerdahl|first=Kjersti|date=2009-12-21|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=979-8-216-09210-0|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Green Day Just Keeps Doing Pop Punk Right|url=https://www.34st.com/article/2024/03/green-day-saviors-pop-punk-authenticity|access-date=2024-11-28|website=www.34st.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=culturedesk|last2=Moran|first2=Irene|date=2024-02-02|title=Review {{!}} Green Day's 'Saviors' might be the best pop punk album of the year|url=https://pittnews.com/article/185984/arts-and-entertainment/review-green-days-saviors-might-be-the-best-pop-punk-album-of-the-year/|access-date=2024-11-28|website=The Pitt News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Johri|first=Saarthak|date=2023-11-01|title=Billie Joe Armstrong, Mike Dirnt, Tré Cool reunite as undead|url=https://www.michigandaily.com/arts/music/green-day-posits-pop-punk-is-undead-on-the-american-dream-is-killing-me/|access-date=2024-11-28|website=The Michigan Daily|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Blink-182]]<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Petrusich|first=Amanda|date=2016-08-04|title=Reviving the Pop-Punk Innocence of Blink-182|language=en-US|magazine=The New Yorker|url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/reviving-the-pop-punk-innocence-of-blink-182|access-date=2024-11-28|issn=0028-792X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Team|first=uDiscover|date=2020-02-11|title=Blink-182|url=https://www.udiscovermusic.com/artist/blink-182/|access-date=2024-11-28|website=uDiscover Music|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-02|title=How blink-182 made pop-punk embrace the mainstream|url=https://theface.com/music/blink-182-enema-of-the-state-american-pie|access-date=2024-11-28|website=The Face|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Brooks|first=Dave|date=2022-10-12|title=Blink-182 Tour Will Cash In on Pop-Punk Nostalgia: Here's How Much It Could Earn|url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/blink-182-tour-pop-punk-nostalgia-earn/|access-date=2024-11-28|magazine=Billboard|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Sum 41]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Thomas|first=Laviea|date=2023-05-12|title=A Pop-Punk Farewell: 27 Years Of Sum 41|url=https://rocksound.tv/features/a-pop-punk-farewell-27-years-of-sum-41|access-date=2024-11-28|website=Rock Sound|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author1=Laviea Thomas|date=2024-11-06|title="One last time let's sing together!" Pop punk heavyweights Sum 41 bid London a fond farewell with an electric show at Wembley Arena|url=https://www.loudersound.com/reviews/sum-41-wembley-arena|access-date=2024-11-28|website=louder|language=en}}</ref> * [[The Donnas]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tie|first=Molly|date=2023-07-22|title=The Donnas- Punk's party girls|url=https://www.punktuationmag.com/the-donnas-punks-party-girls/|access-date=2024-11-28|website=Punktuation!|language=en-AU}}</ref> * [[FM Static]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=FM Static Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More {{!}}...|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/fm-static-mn0000793076|access-date=2024-11-28|website=AllMusic|language=en}}</ref> * [[Simple Plan]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Why 2002 Was The Year That Made Pop-Punk: Simple Plan, Good Charlotte & More On How "Messing Around And Being Ourselves" Became Mainstream {{!}} GRAMMY.com|url=https://www.grammy.com/news/pop-punk-2002-mainstream-good-charlotte-simple-plan-avril-lavigne-emo-trl|access-date=2024-11-28|website=grammy.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Johnson|first=Kevin C.|date=2022-05-18|title=Simple Plan goes back to its pop-punk roots for 'Harder Than It Looks'|url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/column/the-blender/simple-plan-goes-back-to-its-pop-punk-roots-for-harder-than-it-looks/article_04685386-eaaa-593f-91f7-a14989a8c7e6.html|access-date=2024-11-28|website=STLtoday.com|language=en}}</ref> * [[Relient K]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Relient K apologizes for 20-year-old song|url=https://chvnradio.com/articles/relient-k-apologizes-for-20-year-old-song|access-date=2024-11-28|website=CHVN Radio}}</ref> * [[MxPx]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Opinion|first=Nobody Asked My|date=2023-10-06|title=Ranking MxPx's 11 Albums|url=https://medium.com/nobody-asked-your-opinion/ranking-mxpxs-11-albums-37ae3da5beec|access-date=2024-11-28|website=Nobody Asked My Opinion.|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=MxPx takes talent from covers - The Eagle|url=https://www.theeagleonline.com/article/2009/02/mxpx-takes-talent-from-covers|access-date=2024-11-28|website=www.theeagleonline.com|language=en}}</ref> * [[Bowling for Soup]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bowling For Soup {{!}} Pop Punk|url=https://www.bowlingforsoup.com/|access-date=2024-11-28|website=Bowling For Soup|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Lawrence|first=Meredith|date=2024-10-17|title=At Thirty, Bowling for Soup's "Punk Rock Nursery Rhymes" Endure|url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/arts-entertainment/bowling-for-soup-anniversary/|access-date=2024-11-28|website=Texas Monthly|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Raggio|first=Eva|title=An Old Question Resurfaces: Is Bowling for Soup Trying to Earn Soup or Bowling on Its Behalf?|url=https://www.dallasobserver.com/music/bowling-for-soups-jarret-reddick-settles-the-question-about-the-bands-name-after-it-goes-viral-12651989|access-date=2024-11-28|website=Dallas Observer|language=en}}</ref> * [[Mayday Parade]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Goodwin|first=Victoria|date=2024-08-02|title=Mayday Parade on the emo revival and two decades of pop-punk|url=https://www.melodicmag.com/2024/08/02/mayday-parade-on-touring-the-emo-revival-and-two-decades-of-pop-punk/|access-date=2024-11-28|website=www.melodicmag.com|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[All Time Low]]<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Spanos|first=Brittany|date=2017-06-19|title=How Pop-Punk Survivors All Time Low Finally Grew Up|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/how-pop-punk-survivors-all-time-low-finally-grew-up-197349/|access-date=2024-11-28|magazine=Rolling Stone|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Fall Out Boy]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sullivan|first=Caroline|date=2015-01-15|title=Fall Out Boy: American Beauty/American Psycho review – grimly candid pop-punk|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/jan/15/fall-out-boy-american-beauty-psycho-review|access-date=2024-11-28|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Voltz|first=Elizabeth|date=2016-03-09|title=Fall Out Boy uncorks 'extra large' rock show in Grand Rapids|url=https://localspins.com/fall-out-boy-unleashes-extra-large-rock-spectacle-for-grand-rapids-fans/|access-date=2024-11-28|website=Local Spins|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Troy L. Smith|first=Cleveland com|date=2022-03-02|title=The 100 greatest pop punk songs of all time|url=https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2022/03/the-100-greatest-pop-punk-songs-of-all-time.html|access-date=2024-11-28|website=cleveland|language=en}}</ref> * [[Midtown (band)|Midtown]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-03-09|title=Midtown Reunites — And Hits the Road with My Chemical Romance|url=https://www.nylon.com/entertainment/midtown-band-reunion-my-chemical-romance-tour|access-date=2024-12-08|website=Nylon|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Accardi|first=Kristen AccardiKristen|date=2022-03-16|title=NJ pop-punk scene is back with Midtown reunion|url=https://nj1015.com/new-jersey-pop-punk-scene-is-back-with-midtown-reunion/|access-date=2024-12-08|website=New Jersey 101.5|language=en}}</ref> * [[Yellowcard]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Szaroleta|first=Tom|title=Yellowcard returning to Jacksonville for July concert|url=https://www.jacksonville.com/story/entertainment/music/2024/01/08/jacksonville-band-yellowcard-to-play-vystar-memorial-arena-in-july/72149230007/|access-date=2024-12-08|website=The Florida Times-Union|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-07-19|title=Nostalgia and Energy Collide: An Unforgettable Evening with Yellowcard|url=https://www.musicscenemedia.com/yellowcard-an-unforgettable-night-celebrating-20-years-of-ocean-avenue/|access-date=2024-12-08|website=MUSIC SCENE MEDIA|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Podplesky|first=Azaria|title=After multiple stops, pop punk staple Yellowcard is reveling in fans' revived interest|url=https://www.inlander.com/music/after-multiple-stops-pop-punk-staple-yellowcard-is-reveling-in-fans-revived-interest-28075663|access-date=2024-12-08|website=Inlander|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Yellowcard Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More ...|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/yellowcard-mn0000686359|access-date=2024-12-08|website=AllMusic|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Garro|first=Adrian|date=2023-06-01|title=Yellowcard Shares "Childhood Eyes"; New EP 7/7; On Tour|url=https://rockcellarmagazine.com/yellowcard-new-song-childhood-eyes-ep-tour-dates-ocean-avenue/|access-date=2024-12-08|website=Rock Cellar Magazine|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Tady|first=Scott|title=Yellowcard singer says band leans into '90s alt-rock influences on tour headed here|url=https://www.timesonline.com/story/entertainment/local/2024/06/23/yellowcard-singer-ryan-key-talks-about-amphitheater-tour-headed-here/74090124007/|access-date=2024-12-08|website=Beaver County Times|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[New Found Glory]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-10-18|title=Catalyst 20 Years Later: A Conversation with New Found Glory - SLUG Magazine|url=https://www.slugmag.com/music/interviews/music-interviews/catalyst-20-years-later-a-conversation-with-new-found-glory/|access-date=2024-12-08|website=www.slugmag.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Gallo|first=Phil|date=2019-03-19|title=New Found Glory Reimagines 'This Is Me' for the Warped Tour Crowd (EXCLUSIVE)|url=https://variety.com/2019/music/news/new-found-glory-this-is-me-cover-video-watch-1203163217/|access-date=2024-12-08|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[The Undertones]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=The Undertones: Razor-sharp pop-punk anthems haven't aged a day|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/music/review/2023/05/19/the-undertones-razor-sharp-pop-punk-anthems-havent-aged-a-day/|access-date=2024-12-08|newspaper=The Irish Times|language=en}}</ref> * [[Pierce the Veil]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fierros|first=Cristabell|date=2024-04-12|title=Pop Punk Legends Pierce The Veil: The Jaws of Life 2024 UK/EU Tour|url=https://medium.com/maj110424/pop-punk-legends-pierce-the-veil-the-jaws-of-life-2024-uk-eu-tour-131248f615c1|access-date=2024-12-08|website=MAJ110424|language=en}}</ref> * [[My Chemical Romance]]<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Eliscu|first=Jenny|date=2024-06-10|title=Meet Goth-Punk Superheroes My Chemical Romance|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/my-chemical-romance-three-cheers-interview-1235034488/|access-date=2024-12-08|magazine=Rolling Stone|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Panic! at the Disco]] (early)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-02-20|title=Panic! At the Disco – Defining the Pop Punk Genre – The Scroll|url=https://scroll.asl.org/?p=1384|access-date=2024-12-08|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[The Offspring]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-10-08|title=The Offspring: 'Before we couldn't agree on issues, now we can't agree on facts'|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/the-offspring-noodles-dexter-holland-b2625174.html|access-date=2024-12-08|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Chick|first=Stevie|date=2021-04-14|title=Platinum pop-punks the Offspring: 'We're outcasts among outcasts'|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2021/apr/14/platinum-pop-punks-the-offspring-were-outcasts-among-outcasts|access-date=2024-12-08|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> * [[Matchbook Romance]] * [[Hawk Nelson]] * [[Avril Lavigne]] * [[The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus]] * [[Senses Fail]] * [[Story of the Year]] * [[Hawthorne Heights]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{Punk}} [[Category:Punk rock]] qveavquwkzm5kgmjg1ghvnkg2t3l7o8 0 28435 10368936 9359042 2025-07-03T04:10:40Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 typo: duplication and extra space 10368936 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Addenbrooke's Hospital''' is a large [[hospital]] in [[Cambridge]], [[England]]. It was started in 1766. A new building was started in 1962 and the old building closed in 1984.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our history|url=https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/about-us/history/|access-date=2023-02-04|website=Cambridge University Hospitals|language=en-GB}}</ref> It is run by [[Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust]]. The hospital lets people in to look around, once every two years. You can visit the [[mortuary]], the [[Operating theater|operating theatres]] and the hospital roof. In October 2022 there were two cases where people were waiting more than 60 hours in the emergency department for a hospital bed. 515 patients waited more than 12 hours.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Illman|first=James|title=Trust criticised over handling of 60-hour A&E waits|url=https://www.hsj.co.uk/cambridge-university-hospitals-nhs-foundation-trust/trust-criticised-over-handling-of-60-hour-aande-waits/7033525.article|access-date=2023-02-07|website=Health Service Journal|language=en}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{UK-stub}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in Cambridgeshire]] [[Category:Organisations based in Cambridge]] [[Category:University hospitals in the United Kingdom]] 6txqthe067x5860egr4smzqt191dm9l 0 29158 10369151 10083616 2025-07-03T08:05:20Z 180.150.36.182 10369151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{no sources|date=February 2016}} '''Improvisation''' is the art of performing without a [[Script (performing arts)|script]] or [[rehearsal]]. == Music == In [[music]], [[musical improvisation|improvisation]] is the art of playing an [[Musical instrument|instrument]] (or [[sing]]ing) in which the [[musician]] or musicians make up the music as they play. Improvising is [[invention|inventing]] at the same time as one does something. Some musicians only play music when they have written music in front of them, but it can be great fun to improvise music. It is a way of [[Composition (music)|composing]]. Improvisation is common during a [[jam session]]. In [[Baroque music|Baroque]] times, all musicians were taught to improvise because [[composer|composers]] often did not bother to write all the notes down. Musicians would have improvised lots of ornaments, and even whole sections. Many great composers such as [[Johann Sebastian Bach]], [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]], [[Ludwig van Beethoven]] and [[Franz Liszt]] were famous for their [[Keyboard instrument|keyboard]] improvisations. [[Pipe organ|Organists]] are often expected to improvise during a service. In this way they can fill in gaps in the service when there would otherwise be silence, they can make a smooth link between one piece of music and the next, and they can create the right atmosphere. In Baroque times, in the Lutheran church, organists would improvise a [[chorale prelude]]. This was a piece of music which uses the melody of the [[chorale]] ([[hymn]]) that the congregation sang. Bach was one of many composers who wrote many of his chorale preludes down. In more recent times, some famous concert organists often finish an organ recital by playing an improvisation. This might be quite a long piece with several linked [[fantasia (music)|fantasia]] or [[movement]]s, finishing with a [[fugue]]. Somebody may give them the theme written on a piece of paper, so that it is quite unprepared. [[Charles Tournemire]], [[Marcel Dupré]], [[Pierre Cochereau]], [[Pierre Pincemaille]] are known to be great organ improviser. A lot of people who play [[folk music]] improvise. Traditional folk music would not have been written down. In traditional [[jazz]] the musicians usually improvise. It is quite tricky when a group of people are improvising together. They have to listen to one another and get ideas from one another. It can be a very exciting way of making music. ==Comedy== Improvisation also refers to a type of [[performance]]. Improvisation (or improv for short) is often used in [[comedy]]. [[Actor]]s or ''Improvisers'' will create an entire show that they make up as they go along. They will often ask the [[audience]] for an idea or suggestion. They will then do a short performance based on the suggestion. This lets them do many different short performances during each night's show. This is called "Short-form improv". [[Category:musical performance techniques]] [[Category:Plays]] [[Category:Theatrical forms]] dm9y4ysd54tbj9e1t38mvxu18o72abn 10369152 10369151 2025-07-03T08:05:30Z 180.150.36.182 10369152 wikitext text/x-wiki {{no sources|date=February 2016}} '''Improvisation''' is the art of performing without a [[Script (performing arts)|script]] or [[rehearsal]]. ==Music== In [[music]], [[musical improvisation|improvisation]] is the art of playing an [[Musical instrument|instrument]] (or [[sing]]ing) in which the [[musician]] or musicians make up the music as they play. Improvising is [[invention|inventing]] at the same time as one does something. Some musicians only play music when they have written music in front of them, but it can be great fun to improvise music. It is a way of [[Composition (music)|composing]]. Improvisation is common during a [[jam session]]. In [[Baroque music|Baroque]] times, all musicians were taught to improvise because [[composer|composers]] often did not bother to write all the notes down. Musicians would have improvised lots of ornaments, and even whole sections. Many great composers such as [[Johann Sebastian Bach]], [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]], [[Ludwig van Beethoven]] and [[Franz Liszt]] were famous for their [[Keyboard instrument|keyboard]] improvisations. [[Pipe organ|Organists]] are often expected to improvise during a service. In this way they can fill in gaps in the service when there would otherwise be silence, they can make a smooth link between one piece of music and the next, and they can create the right atmosphere. In Baroque times, in the Lutheran church, organists would improvise a [[chorale prelude]]. This was a piece of music which uses the melody of the [[chorale]] ([[hymn]]) that the congregation sang. Bach was one of many composers who wrote many of his chorale preludes down. In more recent times, some famous concert organists often finish an organ recital by playing an improvisation. This might be quite a long piece with several linked [[fantasia (music)|fantasia]] or [[movement]]s, finishing with a [[fugue]]. Somebody may give them the theme written on a piece of paper, so that it is quite unprepared. [[Charles Tournemire]], [[Marcel Dupré]], [[Pierre Cochereau]], [[Pierre Pincemaille]] are known to be great organ improviser. A lot of people who play [[folk music]] improvise. Traditional folk music would not have been written down. In traditional [[jazz]] the musicians usually improvise. It is quite tricky when a group of people are improvising together. They have to listen to one another and get ideas from one another. It can be a very exciting way of making music. ==Comedy== Improvisation also refers to a type of [[performance]]. Improvisation (or improv for short) is often used in [[comedy]]. [[Actor]]s or ''Improvisers'' will create an entire show that they make up as they go along. They will often ask the [[audience]] for an idea or suggestion. They will then do a short performance based on the suggestion. This lets them do many different short performances during each night's show. This is called "Short-form improv". [[Category:musical performance techniques]] [[Category:Plays]] [[Category:Theatrical forms]] q922vxvnckeu1p4nl2xnf1079rpxhpu 10369153 10369152 2025-07-03T08:06:05Z 180.150.36.182 10369153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{no sources|date=February 2016}} '''Improvisation''' is the art of performing without a [[Script (performing arts)|script]] or [[rehearsal]]. ==Music== In [[music]], [[musical improvisation|improvisation]] is the art of playing an [[Musical instrument|instrument]] (or [[sing]]ing) in which the [[musician]] or musicians make up the music as they play. Improvising is [[invention|inventing]] at the same time as one does something. Some musicians only play music when they have written music in front of them, but it can be great fun to improvise music. It is a way of [[Composition (music)|composing]]. Improvisation is common during a [[jam session]]. In [[Baroque music|Baroque]] times, all musicians were taught to improvise because [[composer|composers]] often did not bother to write all the notes down. Musicians would have improvised lots of ornaments, and even whole sections. Many great composers such as [[Johann Sebastian Bach]], [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]], [[Ludwig van Beethoven]] and [[Franz Liszt]] were famous for their [[Keyboard instrument|keyboard]] improvisations. [[Pipe organ|Organists]] are often expected to improvise during a service. In this way they can fill in gaps in the service when there would otherwise be silence, they can make a smooth link between one piece of music and the next, and they can create the right atmosphere. In Baroque times, in the Lutheran church, organists would improvise a [[chorale prelude]]. This was a piece of music which uses the melody of the [[chorale]] ([[hymn]]) that the congregation sang. Bach was one of many composers who wrote many of his chorale preludes down. In more recent times, some famous concert organists often finish an organ recital by playing an improvisation. This might be quite a long piece with several linked [[fantasia (music)|fantasia]] or [[movement]]s, finishing with a [[fugue]]. Somebody may give them the theme written on a piece of paper, so that it is quite unprepared. [[Charles Tournemire]], [[Marcel Dupré]], [[Pierre Cochereau]], [[Pierre Pincemaille]] are known to be great organ improviser. A lot of people who play [[folk music]] improvise. Traditional folk music would not have been written down. In traditional [[jazz]] the musicians usually improvise. It is quite tricky when a group of people are improvising together. They have to listen to one another and get ideas from one another. It can be a very exciting way of making music. ==Comedy== Improvisation also refers to a type of [[performance]]. Improvisation (or improv for short) is often used in [[comedy]]. [[Actor]]s or ''Improvisers'' will create an entire show that they make up as they go along. They will often ask the [[audience]] for an idea or suggestion. They will then do a short performance based on the suggestion. This lets them do many different short performances during each night's show. This is called "Short-form improv". [[Category:musical performance techniques]] [[Category:Plays]] [[Category:Theatrical forms]] thj9tgt53dh44l8dcat6o9cvnbe1qbd 0 29659 10369146 10353796 2025-07-03T08:03:45Z 180.150.36.182 10369146 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | birth_name = Kelly Brianne Clarkson | alt = Picture of Kelly Clarkson arriving at the 57th Presidential Inauguration | image = Kelly Clarkson 57th Presidential Inauguration-cropped.jpg | caption = Clarkson in 2013 at the Second inauguration of [[Barack Obama]]. | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1982|04|24}} | birth_place = Fort Worth, Texas | occupation = {{flatlist| * Singer * songwriter * actress * author * television personality }} | years_active = 2002–present | spouse = {{Marriage|Brandon Blackstock|2013|2020|reason=separated}} | children = 2 | awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Kelly Clarkson|Full list]] | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | background = solo_singer | genre = {{Flatlist| * [[Pop music|Pop]] * [[pop rock]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Small|first=Elle|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/2wgb/|title=Kelly Clarkson All I Ever Wanted Review|publisher=BBC|date=|accessdate=August 25, 2017}}</ref> * [[Rock music|rock]] * [[R&B]] * [[country]] * [[soul]]}} | origin = [[Burleson, Texas]], U.S. | instrument = Vocals | label = {{Flatlist| * [[RCA Records|RCA]] * 19 * S * [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]] * Kelly Clarkson * [[BMG Rights Management|BMG]] }} | associated_acts = {{flatlist| <!-- Multiple collaborations only, per infobox musical artist--> * [[Reba McEntire]] * [[Trisha Yearwood]] }} | website = {{URL|kellyclarkson.com}} }} }} '''Kelly Brianne''' (born '''Kelly Brianne Clarkson'''; April 24, 1982), known professionally as '''Kelly Clarkson''', is an American [[singer]], [[songwriter]] and [[television presenter|television host]]. She is the winner of the first season of ''[[American Idol]]'' and first season of the coach ''[[The Voice (TV series)|The Voice]]''. Clarkson has recorded ten studio albums. Clarkson has sold over 10.6 million albums in the United States, becoming the highest-selling American Idol winner. According to Nielsen SoundScan, Clarkson is also ranked on the top 200 album sellers of the Nielsen SoundScan era at number 187.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/30573/chart-watch-extra-the-american-idol-alumni-association/|title=Chart Watch Extra: The American Idol Alumni Association|accessdate=February 5, 2010|archive-date=March 23, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090323232219/http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/30573/chart-watch-extra-the-american-idol-alumni-association|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Early life== Kelly Brianne Clarkson was born in Fort Worth, Texas. She is the third and youngest child of Jeanne Rose Clarkson a first grade teacher, and Stephen Michael Clarkson. Clarkson's parents divorced when she was six years old, after having been married for seventeen years. The family then moved to Burleson,Texas, where her mother remarried.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=DM&p_theme=dm&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F58E41C2E004A41&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|title=Burleson is already 'Idol'-izing homegrown hopeful|date=August 20, 2002|publisher=[[The Dallas Morning News]]|accessdate=February 2, 2009|quote=[...] while Ms. Taylor has remained in Texas with her second husband, contractor Jimmy Taylor|archive-date=October 25, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025145108/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=DM&p_theme=dm&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F58E41C2E004A41&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|url-status=dead}}</ref> She is of [[Greeks|Greek]] (from a maternal great-grandfather), English, Irish, German, and Scottish ancestry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1225628/bio|title=Kelly Clarkson|website=IMDb}}</ref><ref>Stated on ''[[Who Do You Think You Are? (U.S. TV series)|Who Do You Think You Are?]]'', July 23, 2012</ref> Her mother is a descendant of Republican state senator [[Isaiah Rose]], whose life story was discussed on Clarkson's episode of ''[[Who Do You Think You Are? (U.S. TV series)|Who Do You Think You Are?]]'', in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|last=Shawver |first=Sam |url=http://www.newsandsentinel.com/page/content.detail/id/576269/Singer-Kelly-Clarkson-visits-the-area.html?nav=5061 |title=Singer Kelly Clarkson visits the area – NewsandSentinel.com &#124; News, Sports, Jobs, Community Information – Parkersburg News and Sentinel |publisher=NewsandSentinel.com |accessdate=November 9, 2013}}</ref> Clarkson went to Pauline G Hughes Middle School and Burleson High School. She originally wanted to be a [[marine biology|marine biologist]], but changed her mind after she saw the movie ''Jaws''.<ref>Snierson, Dan.[http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,1098338,00.html Stupid Questions with Kelly Clarkson] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090810005620/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,1098338,00.html |date=2009-08-10 }} ew.com. August 26, 2005 (issue #837 September 2, 2005). Retrieved August 13, 2009.</ref> In seventh grade, one of her teachers overheard her singing in a hallway and asked her to audition for the school choir. In high school, Clarkson performed in [[musical theater|musicals]] such as ''[[Annie Get Your Gun (musical)|Annie Get Your Gun]]'', ''[[Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (musical)|Seven Brides for Seven Brothers]]'' and ''[[Brigadoon]]''. She sang at her high school talent show, after which an audience member shared some inspiring words with her: "God has given you this gift. You've got to sing. You're destined to sing." Clarkson continued singing and soon started classical training, hoping that music would be her ticket to a college scholarship.<ref name="rd">{{cite web|url=http://www.rd.com/your-america-inspiring-people-and-stories/single-minded-/article42613.html|title=Kelly Clarkson - Single-Minded: Cords of Steel - Artists - Reader's Digest|publisher=|access-date=2010-02-06|archive-date=2010-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525225258/http://www.rd.com/your-america-inspiring-people-and-stories/single-minded-/article42613.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> After finishing high school, Clarkson was offered full scholarships to [[University of Texas at Austin|The University of Texas at Austin]], the University of North Texas, and the Berklee College of Music. However, she decided against college to pursue a career in music saying, "you're never too old to go to college."<ref name="rd" /> ==American Idol== {{further|American Idol}} On September 4, 2002, Clarkson won the first season of ''[[American Idol]]'', beating Justin Guarini by a margin of 58% to 42%.<ref>''[http://www.angelfire.com/tv2/realitytv2/kelly/ The Amazing Kelly Clarkson]''. Angelfire.com. Retrieved February 12, 2006.</ref> After the results were announced, Clarkson performed the song "A Moment Like This", which was written for the winner of ''American Idol'' and would be released on her first CD ''[[Thankful (Kelly Clarkson album)|Thankful]]''. When it was released as a single in October 2002, it set a record on the U.S. [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] chart when it rose from number 52 to number one.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sing365.com/music/lyric.nsf/Kelly-Clarkson-Biography/D11A1FA15DBF378448256C7D00257284|title=Biography on sing365|accessdate=February 5, 2010|archive-date=February 16, 2012|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/65U6bVNdx?url=http://www.sing365.com/music/lyric.nsf/Kelly-Clarkson-Biography/D11A1FA15DBF378448256C7D00257284|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Thankful'' sold 236,000 copies in its first week in the U.S.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/artists-c/kellyclarkson.htm|title=Kelly Clarkson—Timeline|accessdate=February 12, 2006}}</ref> ==Artistry== Clarkson possesses a three-octave [[soprano]] vocal range. She is also able use of a whistle register. ==Personal life== Clarkson married Brandon Blackstock in 2013. They have a daughter, River Rose, and a son, Remington. Blackstock also has two children from a previous relationship. In June 2020, it was announced that Clarkson had filed for divorce.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-25|title=Kelly Clarkson's Candid Quotes About Her Split From Brandon Blackstock|url=https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/pictures/kelly-clarksons-quotes-about-brandon-blackstock-split/|access-date=2020-09-28|website=Us Weekly|language=en-US}}</ref> On March 30, 2022, it was reported that Clarkson had changed her name legally to Kelly Brianne, making her middle name into her last name. She still uses Clarkson professionally.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-03-30|title=Singer Kelly Clarkson legally changes her name|url=https://www.wsmv.com/2022/03/30/singer-kelly-clarkson-legally-changes-her-name/|access-date=2022-04-01|website=WSMV|language=en}}</ref> ==Discography== ===Studio albums=== * ''[[Thankful (Kelly Clarkson album)|Thankful]]'' (released April 15, 2003) * ''[[Breakaway (Kelly Clarkson album)|Breakaway]]'' (released November 30, 2004) * ''[[My December]]'' (released June 26, 2007) * ''[[All I Ever Wanted (album)|All I Ever Wanted]]'' (released March 10, 2009) * ''[[Stronger (Kelly Clarkson album)|Stronger]]'' (released October 24, 2011) * ''[[Wrapped in Red]]'' (released October 29, 2013) * ''Piece by Piece'' (released on March 3, 2015) * ''Meaning of Life'' (released on October 27, 2017) * ''When Christmas Comes Around...'' (released on October 15, 2021) * ''Chemistry'' (released on June 23, 2023) ;Compilation albums * ''Greatest Hits – Chapter One'' (released November 16, 2012) ===Singles=== * "A Moment Like This/Before Your Love" (2002) * "[[Miss Independent]]" (2003) * "Low" (2003) * "The Trouble with Love Is" (2003) * "[[Breakaway (song)|Breakaway]]" (2004) * "Since U Been Gone" (2004) * "[[Behind These Hazel Eyes]]" (2005) * "[[Because of You]]" (2005) * "Walk Away" (2006) * "Never Again" (2007) * "Sober" (2007) (Not released in [[Australia]]) * "One Minute" (2007) * "Don't Waste Your Time" (2007) * "[[My Life Would Suck Without You]]" (2009) * "I Do Not Hook Up" (2009) * "[[Already Gone]]" (2009) * "All I Ever Wanted" (2010) * "[[Mr. Know It All]]" (2011) * "[[Stronger (What Doesn't Kill You)]]" (2011) * "Dark Side" (2012) * "Catch My Breath" (2012) * "Don't Rush" (2012) * "People Like Us" (2013) * "Tie It Up" (2013) * "Underneath the Tree" (2013) ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commons category}} {{wikiquote}} * [https://www.kellyofficial.com Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130023153/https://www.kellyofficial.com/ |date=2009-01-30 }} {{American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Clarkson, Kelly}} [[Category:1982 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American Idol winners]] [[Category:American pop singers]] [[Category:Extras]] [[Category:American Grammy Award winners]] [[Category:Kelly Clarkson| ]] [[Category:Writers from Fort Worth, Texas]] [[Category:Musicians from Fort Worth, Texas]] [[Category:Actors from Fort Worth, Texas]] [[Category:Singer-songwriters from Texas]] [[Category:RCA Records artists]] [[Category:Atlantic Records artists]] p2gfziwutg6oop9nvtkv4kxedw8qgws 10369149 10369146 2025-07-03T08:04:39Z 180.150.36.182 10369149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | birth_name = Kelly Brianne Clarkson | alt = Picture of Kelly Clarkson arriving at the 57th Presidential Inauguration | image = Kelly Clarkson 57th Presidential Inauguration-cropped.jpg | caption = Clarkson in 2013 at the Second inauguration of [[Barack Obama]]. | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1982|04|24}} | birth_place = Fort Worth, Texas | occupation = {{flatlist| * Singer * songwriter * actress * author * television personality }} | years_active = 2002–present | spouse = {{Marriage|Brandon Blackstock|2013|2020|reason=separated}} | children = 2 | awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Kelly Clarkson|Full list]] | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | background = solo_singer | genre = {{Flatlist| * [[Pop music|Pop]] * [[pop rock]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Small|first=Elle|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/2wgb/|title=Kelly Clarkson All I Ever Wanted Review|publisher=BBC|date=|accessdate=August 25, 2017}}</ref> * [[Rock music|rock]] * [[R&B]] * [[country]] * [[soul]]}} | origin = [[Burleson, Texas]], U.S. | instrument = Vocals | label = {{Flatlist| * [[RCA Records|RCA]] * 19 * S * [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]] * Kelly Clarkson * [[BMG Rights Management|BMG]] }} | associated_acts = {{flatlist| <!-- Multiple collaborations only, per infobox musical artist--> * [[Reba McEntire]] * [[Trisha Yearwood]] }} | website = {{URL|kellyclarkson.com}} }} }} '''Kelly Brianne''' (born '''Kelly Brianne Clarkson'''; April 24, 1982), known professionally as '''Kelly Clarkson''', is an American [[singer]], [[songwriter]] and [[television presenter|television host]]. She is the winner of the first season of ''[[American Idol]]'' and first season of the coach ''[[The Voice (TV series)|The Voice]]''. Clarkson has recorded ten studio albums. Clarkson has sold over 10.6 million albums in the United States, becoming the highest-selling American Idol winner. According to Nielsen SoundScan, Clarkson is also ranked on the top 200 album sellers of the Nielsen SoundScan era at number 187.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/30573/chart-watch-extra-the-american-idol-alumni-association/|title=Chart Watch Extra: The American Idol Alumni Association|accessdate=February 5, 2010|archive-date=March 23, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090323232219/http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/30573/chart-watch-extra-the-american-idol-alumni-association|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Early life== Kelly Brianne Clarkson was born in Fort Worth, Texas. She is the third and youngest child of Jeanne Rose Clarkson a first grade teacher, and Stephen Michael Clarkson. Clarkson's parents divorced when she was six years old, after having been married for seventeen years. The family then moved to Burleson,Texas, where her mother remarried.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=DM&p_theme=dm&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F58E41C2E004A41&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|title=Burleson is already 'Idol'-izing homegrown hopeful|date=August 20, 2002|publisher=[[The Dallas Morning News]]|accessdate=February 2, 2009|quote=[...] while Ms. Taylor has remained in Texas with her second husband, contractor Jimmy Taylor|archive-date=October 25, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025145108/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=DM&p_theme=dm&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F58E41C2E004A41&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|url-status=dead}}</ref> She is of [[Greek people|Greek]] (from a maternal great-grandfather), English, Irish, German, and Scottish ancestry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1225628/bio|title=Kelly Clarkson|website=IMDb}}</ref><ref>Stated on ''[[Who Do You Think You Are? (U.S. TV series)|Who Do You Think You Are?]]'', July 23, 2012</ref> Her mother is a descendant of Republican state senator [[Isaiah Rose]], whose life story was discussed on Clarkson's episode of ''[[Who Do You Think You Are? (U.S. TV series)|Who Do You Think You Are?]]'', in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|last=Shawver |first=Sam |url=http://www.newsandsentinel.com/page/content.detail/id/576269/Singer-Kelly-Clarkson-visits-the-area.html?nav=5061 |title=Singer Kelly Clarkson visits the area – NewsandSentinel.com &#124; News, Sports, Jobs, Community Information – Parkersburg News and Sentinel |publisher=NewsandSentinel.com |accessdate=November 9, 2013}}</ref> Clarkson went to Pauline G Hughes Middle School and Burleson High School. She originally wanted to be a [[marine biology|marine biologist]], but changed her mind after she saw the movie ''Jaws''.<ref>Snierson, Dan.[http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,1098338,00.html Stupid Questions with Kelly Clarkson] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090810005620/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,1098338,00.html |date=2009-08-10 }} ew.com. August 26, 2005 (issue #837 September 2, 2005). Retrieved August 13, 2009.</ref> In seventh grade, one of her teachers overheard her singing in a hallway and asked her to audition for the school choir. In high school, Clarkson performed in [[musical theater|musicals]] such as ''[[Annie Get Your Gun (musical)|Annie Get Your Gun]]'', ''[[Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (musical)|Seven Brides for Seven Brothers]]'' and ''[[Brigadoon]]''. She sang at her high school talent show, after which an audience member shared some inspiring words with her: "God has given you this gift. You've got to sing. You're destined to sing." Clarkson continued singing and soon started classical training, hoping that music would be her ticket to a college scholarship.<ref name="rd">{{cite web|url=http://www.rd.com/your-america-inspiring-people-and-stories/single-minded-/article42613.html|title=Kelly Clarkson - Single-Minded: Cords of Steel - Artists - Reader's Digest|publisher=|access-date=2010-02-06|archive-date=2010-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525225258/http://www.rd.com/your-america-inspiring-people-and-stories/single-minded-/article42613.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> After finishing high school, Clarkson was offered full scholarships to [[University of Texas at Austin|The University of Texas at Austin]], the University of North Texas, and the Berklee College of Music. However, she decided against college to pursue a career in music saying, "you're never too old to go to college."<ref name="rd" /> ==American Idol== {{further|American Idol}} On September 4, 2002, Clarkson won the first season of ''[[American Idol]]'', beating Justin Guarini by a margin of 58% to 42%.<ref>''[http://www.angelfire.com/tv2/realitytv2/kelly/ The Amazing Kelly Clarkson]''. Angelfire.com. Retrieved February 12, 2006.</ref> After the results were announced, Clarkson performed the song "A Moment Like This", which was written for the winner of ''American Idol'' and would be released on her first CD ''[[Thankful (Kelly Clarkson album)|Thankful]]''. When it was released as a single in October 2002, it set a record on the U.S. [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] chart when it rose from number 52 to number one.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sing365.com/music/lyric.nsf/Kelly-Clarkson-Biography/D11A1FA15DBF378448256C7D00257284|title=Biography on sing365|accessdate=February 5, 2010|archive-date=February 16, 2012|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/65U6bVNdx?url=http://www.sing365.com/music/lyric.nsf/Kelly-Clarkson-Biography/D11A1FA15DBF378448256C7D00257284|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Thankful'' sold 236,000 copies in its first week in the U.S.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/artists-c/kellyclarkson.htm|title=Kelly Clarkson—Timeline|accessdate=February 12, 2006}}</ref> ==Artistry== Clarkson possesses a three-octave [[soprano]] vocal range. She is also able use of a whistle register. ==Personal life== Clarkson married Brandon Blackstock in 2013. They have a daughter, River Rose, and a son, Remington. Blackstock also has two children from a previous relationship. In June 2020, it was announced that Clarkson had filed for divorce.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-25|title=Kelly Clarkson's Candid Quotes About Her Split From Brandon Blackstock|url=https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/pictures/kelly-clarksons-quotes-about-brandon-blackstock-split/|access-date=2020-09-28|website=Us Weekly|language=en-US}}</ref> On March 30, 2022, it was reported that Clarkson had changed her name legally to Kelly Brianne, making her middle name into her last name. She still uses Clarkson professionally.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-03-30|title=Singer Kelly Clarkson legally changes her name|url=https://www.wsmv.com/2022/03/30/singer-kelly-clarkson-legally-changes-her-name/|access-date=2022-04-01|website=WSMV|language=en}}</ref> ==Discography== ===Studio albums=== * ''[[Thankful (Kelly Clarkson album)|Thankful]]'' (released April 15, 2003) * ''[[Breakaway (Kelly Clarkson album)|Breakaway]]'' (released November 30, 2004) * ''[[My December]]'' (released June 26, 2007) * ''[[All I Ever Wanted (album)|All I Ever Wanted]]'' (released March 10, 2009) * ''[[Stronger (Kelly Clarkson album)|Stronger]]'' (released October 24, 2011) * ''[[Wrapped in Red]]'' (released October 29, 2013) * ''Piece by Piece'' (released on March 3, 2015) * ''Meaning of Life'' (released on October 27, 2017) * ''When Christmas Comes Around...'' (released on October 15, 2021) * ''Chemistry'' (released on June 23, 2023) ;Compilation albums * ''Greatest Hits – Chapter One'' (released November 16, 2012) ===Singles=== * "A Moment Like This/Before Your Love" (2002) * "[[Miss Independent]]" (2003) * "Low" (2003) * "The Trouble with Love Is" (2003) * "[[Breakaway (song)|Breakaway]]" (2004) * "Since U Been Gone" (2004) * "[[Behind These Hazel Eyes]]" (2005) * "[[Because of You]]" (2005) * "Walk Away" (2006) * "Never Again" (2007) * "Sober" (2007) (Not released in [[Australia]]) * "One Minute" (2007) * "Don't Waste Your Time" (2007) * "[[My Life Would Suck Without You]]" (2009) * "I Do Not Hook Up" (2009) * "[[Already Gone]]" (2009) * "All I Ever Wanted" (2010) * "[[Mr. Know It All]]" (2011) * "[[Stronger (What Doesn't Kill You)]]" (2011) * "Dark Side" (2012) * "Catch My Breath" (2012) * "Don't Rush" (2012) * "People Like Us" (2013) * "Tie It Up" (2013) * "Underneath the Tree" (2013) ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commons category}} {{wikiquote}} * [https://www.kellyofficial.com Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130023153/https://www.kellyofficial.com/ |date=2009-01-30 }} {{American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Clarkson, Kelly}} [[Category:1982 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American Idol winners]] [[Category:American pop singers]] [[Category:Extras]] [[Category:American Grammy Award winners]] [[Category:Kelly Clarkson| ]] [[Category:Writers from Fort Worth, Texas]] [[Category:Musicians from Fort Worth, Texas]] [[Category:Actors from Fort Worth, Texas]] [[Category:Singer-songwriters from Texas]] [[Category:RCA Records artists]] [[Category:Atlantic Records artists]] 1rzukz6tlytvsnyvul5io7rtj05ga59 0 29768 10367748 4210411 2025-07-02T14:31:56Z 180.150.36.182 10367748 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''interval''' is what comes between two things. *In an [[interval_(mathematics)|mathematical interval]] those things are usually numbers. *In music, an [[interval (music)]] is the distance between two notes. *In a live performance, an '''interval''' is like an [[intermission]]. It gives the performers and the audience a break. *An interval can be the distance between two moments in [[time]]. {{disambig}} p7fn0t01opjqpy8jts4yb08b4p6dfii 0 30876 10368906 9783704 2025-07-03T03:57:02Z 2600:8801:2F1B:1700:FC73:C5EE:4B8D:6170 10368906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox sports league | title = National Basketball Association (NBA) | upcoming_season = 2024–25 NBA season | logo = | pixels = 105 | sport = Basketball | founded = {{start date and age|1946|06|06}}<br />(as [[Basketball Association of America|BAA]]),<br />[[New York City]], U.S. | folded = | inaugural = [[1946–47 BAA season|1946–47]] | commissioner = [[Adam Silver]] | motto = | teams = 30 | countries = United States (29 teams)<br />Canada (1 team) | headquarters = [[345 Park Avenue|345]] [[Park Avenue]]<br /> [[New York City|New York]], [[New York (state)|NY]] 10022<br />U.S. | most_champs = [[Boston Celtics]]<br>(18) | champion = [[Oklahoma City Thunder]]<br />(2nd title) | continent = | TV = {{unbulleted list | '''United States:''' | [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]/[[ESPN]] | [[TNT (TV channel)|TNT]] | [[NBA TV]] | '''Canada:''' | [[The Sports Network|TSN]]/[[TSN2]] | [[Sportsnet]]/[[Sportsnet One]] | [[NBA TV Canada]] | '''International:''' | [[List of current National Basketball Association broadcasters#International broadcasters|Broadcasters]] }} | website = [http://www.nba.com/ NBA.com] }} The '''National Basketball Association''' ('''NBA''') is the world's top men's professional [[basketball]] league. It is one of the [[major professional sports league]]s of [[North America]]. There are 30 teams in the league. 29 are in the United States and 1 is in Canada. It is a member of [[USA Basketball]] (USAB).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usabasketball.com/inside.php?page=inside |title=Inside USA Basketball |publisher=Usabasketball.com |accessdate=2012-01-05 |archive-date=2010-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611035628/http://www.usabasketball.com/inside.php?page=inside |url-status=dead }}</ref> The NBA is one of the 4 [[Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada|major North American professional sports leagues]]. NBA players are the world's best paid athletes. They have the highest average annual salary.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sportingintelligence.com/2011/04/21/slam-dunk-nba-the-richest-sports-league-in-the-world-by-average-pay-220401 |title=Slam dunk: NBA the richest sports league in the world by average pay « Sporting Intelligence |publisher=Sportingintelligence.com |date=2011-04-21 |accessdate=2012-01-05}}</ref> The league was formed in [[New York City]] on June 6, 1946. It was called the Basketball Association of America (BAA). The league merged with the National Basketball League (NBL) in 1949. They then were known as the National Basketball Association. The league's head offices are in the [[Olympic Tower]] at 645 [[Fifth Avenue]] in New York City. Its international offices are in the same place. [[NBA Entertainment]] and [[NBA TV]] studios are in [[Atlanta, Georgia]]. The NBA is widely considered the top level of competition in the world for basketball. With an average player height of about 6 foot 6 inches, it is also the world's tallest sports league. ==History of the NBA== ===Creation and merger=== In 1946, the Basketball Association of America (BAA) was formed. Its founders were owners of the major [[ice hockey]] [[arena]]s in the [[Northeastern United States|Northeastern]] and [[Midwestern United States]] and [[Canada]]. On November 1, 1946, the [[Toronto Huskies]] hosted the [[New York Knicks|New York Knickerbockers]]. This was the first game played in NBA history.<ref name="firstgame">{{cite web |url=http://www.nba.com/canada/History_of_Basketball_in_Canad-Canada_Generic_Article-18023.html |title=History of Basketball in Canada |publisher=NBA Media Ventures, LLC |accessdate=2007-04-13}}</ref> There were earlier attempts at professional basketball leagues. Examples are the [[American Basketball League (1925-1955)|American Basketball League]] and the NBL. The BAA was the first league to play in major cities. They played in large arenas. The level of play in the BAA was not very good. Competing leagues and other teams had similar talent. The [[Harlem Globetrotters]] are an example. On August 3, 1949, the BAA combined with the NBL. The National Basketball Association was born.<ref name=history>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/nba-is-born |title=NBA is born |work=[[History (TV channel)|History]] |accessdate=July 29, 2010}}</ref> The new league had 17 teams. They came from cities of different sizes.<ref name="history"/> The league got rid of several teams. It reached its smallest size of eight teams in the 1954–55 season. They were the [[New York Knicks]], [[Boston Celtics]], [[Golden State Warriors|Philadelphia Warriors]] (now Golden State Warriors), [[Los Angeles Lakers|Minneapolis Lakers]] (now Los Angeles Lakers), [[Sacramento Kings|Rochester Royals]] (now Sacramento Kings), [[Detroit Pistons|Fort Wayne Zollner Pistons]] (now Detroit Pistons), [[Atlanta Hawks|Milwaukee Hawks]] (now Atlanta Hawks), and [[Philadelphia 76ers|Syracuse Nationals]] (now Philadelphia 76ers). Teams in small cities moved to larger cities. Japanese-American Wataru Misaka broke the NBA color barrier in 1947–48. He played for the [[New York Knicks]]. But 1950 is recognized as when the NBA integrated. African Americans joined several teams. Those players included [[Chuck Cooper (basketball)|Chuck Cooper]], [[Nathaniel "Sweetwater" Clifton]], and [[Earl Lloyd]]. They joined three different teams. During the 1950s, the Minneapolis Lakers won five [[NBA Finals|NBA Championships]]. [[George Mikan]] was their leader. He played the center position. The Lakers were the league's first dynasty. In 1954, the league introduced the 24-second [[shot clock]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_history.html |title=NBA Rules History |date=May 8, 2008 |work=[[NBA]] |accessdate=July 30, 2010}}</ref> A team must try a shot in 24 seconds. If they cannot, the other team gets the ball. == Teams == The NBA contains 30 teams, with 15 each in the Eastern and Western Conferences. Each conference has three divisions with 5 teams. Teams play other teams in their division often. All teams play all other teams in a season. The [[Boston Celtics]] have won the most championships with 18, closely followed by the [[Los Angeles Lakers]] with 17. Some teams have never won a championship. 29 teams are in the United States. The [[Toronto Raptors]] are in Canada. Commissioner Adam Silver and his predecessor, the late David Stern, want the league to someday expand to Europe. Some teams have played games in the [[United Kingdom]]. {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |+ !Eastern Conference !Western Consference |- |[[Atlanta Hawks]] [[Boston Celtics]] [[Brooklyn Nets]] [[Charlotte Hornets (NBA)|Charlotte Hornets]] [[Chicago Bulls]] [[Cleveland Cavaliers]] [[Detroit Pistons]] [[Indiana Pacers]] [[Miami Heat]] [[Milwaukee Bucks]] [[New York Knicks]] [[Orlando Magic]] [[Philadelphia 76ers]] [[Toronto Raptors]] [[Washington Wizards]] |[[Dallas Mavericks]] [[Denver Nuggets]] [[Golden State Warriors]] [[Houston Rockets]] [[Los Angeles Clippers]] [[Los Angeles Lakers]] [[Memphis Grizzlies]] [[Minnesota Timberwolves]] [[New Orleans Pelicans]] [[Oklahoma City Thunder]] [[Phoenix Suns]] [[Portland Trail Blazers]] [[Sacramento Kings]] [[San Antonio Spurs]] [[Utah Jazz]] |} == Regular Season == Teams begin training camps in September. This allows the coaching staff to observe their players. Teams play preseason games. These do not count for a team's final season record. The weaker players get cut. Other players stay on the team and get paid. The NBA regular season begins in the last week of October. All teams play 82 games during a normal season. There are 41 home games and 41 road (away) games. Home games offer benefits to teams. They generally play better due to fan support and lack of travel. Teams play every other team during the regular season. The best players play in the NBA All-Star game in February. Fans vote for the starters. The coaches vote for the reserve (substitute) players. There is a pause in the season during the All-Star Game. Teams do not play games for about a week. Other events occur during the All-Star break. These include the Three-Point contest, the Skills course, and the Slam Dunk contest. Players participate in part due to fan interest. Before the trade deadline, teams can trade players. This can cause changes in the balance of power. Team bosses want to get the best players for their team. Other bosses want to lower their costs. Trades often happen on the last day. The regular season ends in the middle of April. Individual awards are given to players. The Most Valuable Player (MVP) award is given to the player most important to his team. The Defensive Player of the Year award is given to the player who plays the best defense. There are a few other awards. After the 2015-2016 season, [[Stephen Curry]] became the first player to win all votes for the MVP award.<ref name="mvp">{{cite web|title=Stephen Curry Named Unanimous Winner of 2015-16 Kia NBA Most Valuable Player Award|url=http://www.nba.com/warriors/news/curry-mvp-20160510/|publisher=NBA|accessdate=9 December 2016|date=May 10, 2016}}</ref> == Playoffs == At the end of every NBA regular season, the NBA Playoffs begin. 8 teams from each, the western, and the eastern conference are assigned a seed 1-8. Home court advantage is always determined by seed; higher seed=home court advantage. In the first round of the playoffs, the 1 seed plays the 8 seed;2 plays 7; 3 plays 6; 4 plays 5. All playoff rounds are best-of-7 series, meaning the first team to win 4 games moves on to the next round. Since 2014 every round follows a 2-2-1-1-1 format. The higher seeded team will have home games 1, 2, 5, and 7. The lower seed is home in games 3, 4, and 6. === NBA Finals === To win an NBA championship, a team needs to win four rounds. The fourth round is called the finals. A team from the Eastern Conference plays a team from the Western Conference. The team that wins this series is the NBA champion. The best player in the finals wins the Finals Most Valuable Player award. The finals are played in the same format as the other rounds, 2-2-1-1-1. If both teams are the number 1 seed from their respective divisions, the team with the best record will have home court advantage. ==Related pages== * [[NBA Finals]] == References == <references /> {{NBA}} == Other websites == * [https://www.nba.com Official NBA website] [[Category:National Basketball Association| ]] {{authority control}} n1udrpxpaikxt1fbw49emtywh4jlw48 0 30921 10368128 10317634 2025-07-02T19:27:20Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other Clones */ US-EN 10368128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} '''''Clone High''''' is an [[adult animation|adult-animated]] comedy television series about a high school full of clones of famous dead people. It aired on [[MTV]] in the US and Teletoon in Canada. It was produced by [[Nelvana]], [[Touchstone Pictures]], Teletoon Canada, and [[MTV]]. ==Characters== ===Main Characters=== * [[Abraham Lincoln]] * [[Cleopatra]] * [[Mahatma Gandhi]] * [[Joan of Arc]] * [[John F. Kennedy|John Kennedy]] * Principal Cinnamon J. Scudworth * Mr. Lynn Butlertron * The Secret Board of Shadowy Figures ===Other Clones=== * [[Jesus Christ]] * [[Walt Disney]] * [[George Washington Carver]] * [[Marie Curie]] * [[Helen of Troy]] * [[Vincent van Gogh]] * [[Julius Caesar]] * [[Genghis Khan]] * [[Elvis Presley]] * [[Abraham Lincoln]] * [[Eros]] [[Category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:2002 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2003 American television series endings]] [[Category:2002 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2003 Canadian television series endings]] {{tv-stub}} hsl1zk4tkb1g2acq761gl5kurm2gujv 0 31398 10367869 9515899 2025-07-02T16:17:51Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* References */ US-EN 10367869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} '''''The A-Team''''' is an American action television series which ran from 1983 - 1987. It is set in [[Los Angeles]]. It is about four former [[US Army]] commandos who are running from the military (who think that the commandos committed a crime that they did not) and make money by helping people with their problems.<ref name="B&C">{{cite magazine |first= Robert |last= Edelstein |url= http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/107290-Stephen_J_Cannell.php |title= Stephen J. Cannell: A Novel Approach to Life and Television |magazine= [[Broadcasting & Cable]] |date= January 5, 2007 |access-date= June 13, 2008}}</ref><ref name="EW">{{cite magazine |first= Joe |last= Neumaier |url= https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,275207,00.html |title= Encore: A Real Kick In the 'A' |magazine= [[Entertainment Weekly]] |date= January 21, 2001 |access-date= June 13, 2008 |archive-date= November 14, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201114150948/https://ew.com/article/2000/01/21/real-kick/ |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first= Sally |last= Bedell |title= How TV Hit 'The A-Team,' Was Born |work= [[The New York Times]] |date= April 28, 1983 }}</ref><ref>Stephen J. Cannell on ''The A-Team'' Season Five DVD boxset.</ref> == Cast and characters == *[[George Peppard]] as Col. John "Hannibal" Smith - The leader of the A-Team. He was a master of disguise and makes the plans for the team, though they do not always work the way they were supposed to. *[[Dirk Benedict]] as Lt. Templeton "Faceman" Peck (called "Face" most of the time) - The con man of the team, he was very good at getting the things the team needed. *[[Mr. T]] as Sgt. Bosco "B.A." Baracus - Known for his Mohawk hairstyle, gold jewelry, and fear of flying, he handled much of the hand-to-hand fighting. He also built the various machines the team needed for their mission. *[[Dwight Schultz]] as Capt. Hector M. "Howling Mad" Murdock - The team's pilot. He often says strange things in strange ways, so many people think he is crazy (when not working with the A-Team, he stays at a mental hospital). ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:A-Team, The}} [[Category:1983 American television series debuts]] [[Category:1987 American television series endings]] [[Category:Action television series]] [[Category:Television series set in Los Angeles]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] q0simc5fuzw6ho4nbsqtmkqrblcrfyc 0 32599 10367742 10242031 2025-07-02T14:28:18Z 180.150.36.182 10367742 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Red_sofa.jpg|thumb|A red sofa.]] '''Furniture''' is the word that means all the things like [[chair]]s, [[Table (furniture)|tables]], [[cupboard]]s, [[bed]]s and [[bookcase]]s, etc. In other words, '''furniture''' are all the things that are in the house and that people can use to sit, to lie on or that are supposed to contain smaller things like [[cloth]]s or [[cup]]s. Furniture is made of wood, particle boards, [[leather]], [[screw]]s etc. Different rooms have different furniture for different purposes. Offices have office furniture such as desks and office chairs.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Different types of office furniture|url=https://rethinkyouroffice.co.uk/information/types-of-office-furniture.cfm|access-date=2021-07-08|website=}}</ref> Dining rooms have a table and dining chairs. Theaters and classrooms have rows of seats facing forward. [[Image:Shaker bedroom.JPG|upright|thumb]] Bedroom furniture includes a bed covered by sheets, a bedspread and maybe a blanket and pillow . Next to the bed is the nightstand or night table. A lamp may be on the nightstand. The dresser has drawers for clothes. On top of a dresser may be a mirror. == Etymology == The time period "fixtures" reveals its roots withinside the Latin language. It is derived from the Latin word "furnitūra," which means "equipment" or "apparatus." The word "furnitūra" itself is a by-product of the Latin verb "furnīre," which means "to equip" or "to provide." Over time, the means of "fixtures" advanced to embody a broader variety of gadgets associated with equipping and furnishing dwelling areas. It got here to indicate movable gadgets and add-ons that decorate the capability and luxury of home environments. The time period "fixtures" first seemed withinside the [[English language]] withinside the sixteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Definition of FURNITURE|url=https://www.decordelight.online/search/label/Furniture?&max-results=5|access-date=2023-06-18|archive-date=2023-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618180149/https://www.decordelight.online/search/label/Furniture?&max-results=5|url-status=dead}}</ref> == History == The concept of furniture was first developed as early as 3100-2500 B.C. The first items created for household use were made of stone, as wood was not readily available during the [[Neolithic]] time period. Dressers, cupboards, and beds were among the first forms of furniture. One particular issue of fixtures is their capacity to form and replicate cultural and ancient narratives via design. Furniture serves as a visible illustration of the winning aesthetics, societal values, and technological improvements of a selected technology or culture. Each piece of fixture holds a tale inside its design, materials, and craftsmanship.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Best furniture ideas in a row|url=https://tedswoodworking.diy/|access-date=2025-05-07|website=tedswoodworking.diy|language=en-US}}</ref> From the ornate carvings and gilded gildings of Rococo fixtures in 18th-century [[Europe]] to the glossy traces and minimalist kinds of mid-century cutting-edge pieces, fixtures offer a tangible connection to the artistic, social, and technological tendencies of its time. Furthermore, fixtures frequently embody the cultural identity of a selected area or community. Traditional fixtures and patterns may be deeply rooted withinside the records and customs of a selected culture, reflecting particular craftsmanship techniques, symbolic motifs, and indigenous materials. For instance, the difficult lattice paintings of Moroccan Mashrabiya monitors or the stylish simplicity of Japanese shoji monitors now no longer handiest serve practical functions but additionally encapsulate the cultural history of their respective societies. Moreover, fixtures can act as a medium for self-expression and private identification. People frequently pick fixtures that align with their character tastes and preferences, reflecting their lifestyle, values, and aesthetics. This personalization of fixtures permits people to create particular residing areas that resonate with their very own identities and aspirations. By analyzing fixtures as greater than simply practical objects, we are able to benefit from insights into the ancient, cultural, and private dimensions of human experience. From the grand palaces and stately houses to humble dwellings and modern-day interiors, fixtures stay an effective device for storytelling, connecting us to our past, present, and future.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Best furniture ideas|url=https://www.decordelight.online/search/label/Furniture?&max-results=5|access-date=2023-06-18|archive-date=2023-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618180149/https://www.decordelight.online/search/label/Furniture?&max-results=5|url-status=dead}}</ref> The dresser was said to be the most important piece of furniture in the beginning, as they faced the entrance of each house in Neolithic society and often displayed carved artwork of symbolic objects. Over the years, especially in modern years, the concept of functional furniture in households exploded while keeping the artwork aspect that was displayed in the Neolithic period. This has made way for pieces in our culture that are both functional to our everyday lives and also a form of artwork that is pleasant to look at. The basic design of most furniture has remained the same for the most part though material and stability have become stronger and longer lasting with more of a focus on comfort and luxury in our modern lives.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of Wooden Furniture|url=https://study.com/academy/lesson/history-of-wooden-furniture.html|access-date=2021-07-08|website=study.com}}</ref> Increasingly, renters and homeowners are opting for fast furniture. And they don’t keep it long. <gallery> File:Vrba postelja.jpg| File:Lundia-hylly.jpg| File:Table set by tapiovaara.jpg| File:VOLTAIRE Seat.jpg| File:A_brown_sofa_(2005-03-03).jpg| File:Hocker (fcm).jpg| File:Salemer Münster Musikerzimmer Notenschrank.jpg| File:Vedel childrens furniture gh.jpg| </gallery> ==Related pages== * [[Cabinet making]] ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Furniture]] 1jxe6ycbxfbc3y6lzv5d7vg6opqprnd 10369181 10367742 2025-07-03T08:15:50Z 180.150.36.182 10369181 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Red_sofa.jpg|thumb|A red sofa.]] '''Furniture''' is the word that means all the things like [[chair]]s, [[Table (furniture)|tables]], [[cupboard]]s, [[bed]]s and [[bookcase]]s, etc. In other words, '''furniture''' are all the things that are in the house and that people can use to sit, to lie on or that are supposed to contain smaller things like [[cloth]]s or [[cup]]s. Furniture is made of wood, particle boards, [[leather]], [[screw]]s etc. Different rooms have different furniture for different purposes. Offices have office furniture such as desks and office chairs.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Different types of office furniture|url=https://rethinkyouroffice.co.uk/information/types-of-office-furniture.cfm|access-date=2021-07-08|website=}}</ref> Dining rooms have a table and dining chairs. Theaters and classrooms have rows of seats facing forward. [[Image:Shaker bedroom.JPG|upright|thumb]] Bedroom furniture includes a bed covered by sheets, a bedspread and maybe a blanket and pillow . Next to the bed is the nightstand or night table. A lamp may be on the nightstand. The dresser has drawers for clothes. On top of a dresser may be a mirror. ==Etymology== The time period "fixtures" reveals its roots withinside the Latin language. It is derived from the Latin word "furnitūra," which means "equipment" or "apparatus." The word "furnitūra" itself is a by-product of the Latin verb "furnīre," which means "to equip" or "to provide." Over time, the means of "fixtures" advanced to embody a broader variety of gadgets associated with equipping and furnishing dwelling areas. It got here to indicate movable gadgets and add-ons that decorate the capability and luxury of home environments. The time period "fixtures" first seemed withinside the [[English language]] withinside the sixteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Definition of FURNITURE|url=https://www.decordelight.online/search/label/Furniture?&max-results=5|access-date=2023-06-18|archive-date=2023-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618180149/https://www.decordelight.online/search/label/Furniture?&max-results=5|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==History== The concept of furniture was first developed as early as 3100-2500 B.C. The first items created for household use were made of stone, as wood was not readily available during the [[Neolithic]] time period. Dressers, cupboards, and beds were among the first forms of furniture. One particular issue of fixtures is their capacity to form and replicate cultural and ancient narratives via design. Furniture serves as a visible illustration of the winning aesthetics, societal values, and technological improvements of a selected technology or culture. Each piece of fixture holds a tale inside its design, materials, and craftsmanship.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Best furniture ideas in a row|url=https://tedswoodworking.diy/|access-date=2025-05-07|website=tedswoodworking.diy|language=en-US}}</ref> From the ornate carvings and gilded gildings of Rococo fixtures in 18th-century [[Europe]] to the glossy traces and minimalist kinds of mid-century cutting-edge pieces, fixtures offer a tangible connection to the artistic, social, and technological tendencies of its time. Furthermore, fixtures frequently embody the cultural identity of a selected area or community. Traditional fixtures and patterns may be deeply rooted withinside the records and customs of a selected culture, reflecting particular craftsmanship techniques, symbolic motifs, and indigenous materials. For instance, the difficult lattice paintings of Moroccan Mashrabiya monitors or the stylish simplicity of Japanese shoji monitors now no longer handiest serve practical functions but additionally encapsulate the cultural history of their respective societies. Moreover, fixtures can act as a medium for self-expression and private identification. People frequently pick fixtures that align with their character tastes and preferences, reflecting their lifestyle, values, and aesthetics. This personalization of fixtures permits people to create particular residing areas that resonate with their very own identities and aspirations. By analyzing fixtures as greater than simply practical objects, we are able to benefit from insights into the ancient, cultural, and private dimensions of human experience. From the grand palaces and stately houses to humble dwellings and modern-day interiors, fixtures stay an effective device for storytelling, connecting us to our past, present, and future.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Best furniture ideas|url=https://www.decordelight.online/search/label/Furniture?&max-results=5|access-date=2023-06-18|archive-date=2023-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618180149/https://www.decordelight.online/search/label/Furniture?&max-results=5|url-status=dead}}</ref> The dresser was said to be the most important piece of furniture in the beginning, as they faced the entrance of each house in Neolithic society and often displayed carved artwork of symbolic objects. Over the years, especially in modern years, the concept of functional furniture in households exploded while keeping the artwork aspect that was displayed in the Neolithic period. This has made way for pieces in our culture that are both functional to our everyday lives and also a form of artwork that is pleasant to look at. The basic design of most furniture has remained the same for the most part though material and stability have become stronger and longer lasting with more of a focus on comfort and luxury in our modern lives.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of Wooden Furniture|url=https://study.com/academy/lesson/history-of-wooden-furniture.html|access-date=2021-07-08|website=study.com}}</ref> Increasingly, renters and homeowners are opting for fast furniture. And they don’t keep it long. <gallery> File:Vrba postelja.jpg| File:Lundia-hylly.jpg| File:Table set by tapiovaara.jpg| File:VOLTAIRE Seat.jpg| File:A_brown_sofa_(2005-03-03).jpg| File:Hocker (fcm).jpg| File:Salemer Münster Musikerzimmer Notenschrank.jpg| File:Vedel childrens furniture gh.jpg| </gallery> ==Related pages== * [[Cabinet making]] ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Furniture]] 4t5igjv52ez62dynbjlzpvaud9ncope 10369182 10369181 2025-07-03T08:16:05Z Igor123121 1293570 Undid revision 10369181 by [[Special:Contributions/180.150.36.182|180.150.36.182]] ([[User talk:180.150.36.182|talk]]) 10369182 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Red_sofa.jpg|thumb|A red sofa.]] '''Furniture''' is the word that means all the things like [[chair]]s, [[Table (furniture)|tables]], [[cupboard]]s, [[bed]]s and [[bookcase]]s, etc. In other words, '''furniture''' are all the things that are in the house and that people can use to sit, to lie on or that are supposed to contain smaller things like [[cloth]]s or [[cup]]s. Furniture is made of wood, particle boards, [[leather]], [[screw]]s etc. Different rooms have different furniture for different purposes. Offices have office furniture such as desks and office chairs.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Different types of office furniture|url=https://rethinkyouroffice.co.uk/information/types-of-office-furniture.cfm|access-date=2021-07-08|website=}}</ref> Dining rooms have a table and dining chairs. Theaters and classrooms have rows of seats facing forward. [[Image:Shaker bedroom.JPG|upright|thumb]] Bedroom furniture includes a bed covered by sheets, a bedspread and maybe a blanket and pillow . Next to the bed is the nightstand or night table. A lamp may be on the nightstand. The dresser has drawers for clothes. On top of a dresser may be a mirror. == Etymology == The time period "fixtures" reveals its roots withinside the Latin language. It is derived from the Latin word "furnitūra," which means "equipment" or "apparatus." The word "furnitūra" itself is a by-product of the Latin verb "furnīre," which means "to equip" or "to provide." Over time, the means of "fixtures" advanced to embody a broader variety of gadgets associated with equipping and furnishing dwelling areas. It got here to indicate movable gadgets and add-ons that decorate the capability and luxury of home environments. The time period "fixtures" first seemed withinside the [[English language]] withinside the sixteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Definition of FURNITURE|url=https://www.decordelight.online/search/label/Furniture?&max-results=5|access-date=2023-06-18|archive-date=2023-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618180149/https://www.decordelight.online/search/label/Furniture?&max-results=5|url-status=dead}}</ref> == History == The concept of furniture was first developed as early as 3100-2500 B.C. The first items created for household use were made of stone, as wood was not readily available during the [[Neolithic]] time period. Dressers, cupboards, and beds were among the first forms of furniture. One particular issue of fixtures is their capacity to form and replicate cultural and ancient narratives via design. Furniture serves as a visible illustration of the winning aesthetics, societal values, and technological improvements of a selected technology or culture. Each piece of fixture holds a tale inside its design, materials, and craftsmanship.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Best furniture ideas in a row|url=https://tedswoodworking.diy/|access-date=2025-05-07|website=tedswoodworking.diy|language=en-US}}</ref> From the ornate carvings and gilded gildings of Rococo fixtures in 18th-century [[Europe]] to the glossy traces and minimalist kinds of mid-century cutting-edge pieces, fixtures offer a tangible connection to the artistic, social, and technological tendencies of its time. Furthermore, fixtures frequently embody the cultural identity of a selected area or community. Traditional fixtures and patterns may be deeply rooted withinside the records and customs of a selected culture, reflecting particular craftsmanship techniques, symbolic motifs, and indigenous materials. For instance, the difficult lattice paintings of Moroccan Mashrabiya monitors or the stylish simplicity of Japanese shoji monitors now no longer handiest serve practical functions but additionally encapsulate the cultural history of their respective societies. Moreover, fixtures can act as a medium for self-expression and private identification. People frequently pick fixtures that align with their character tastes and preferences, reflecting their lifestyle, values, and aesthetics. This personalization of fixtures permits people to create particular residing areas that resonate with their very own identities and aspirations. By analyzing fixtures as greater than simply practical objects, we are able to benefit from insights into the ancient, cultural, and private dimensions of human experience. From the grand palaces and stately houses to humble dwellings and modern-day interiors, fixtures stay an effective device for storytelling, connecting us to our past, present, and future.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Best furniture ideas|url=https://www.decordelight.online/search/label/Furniture?&max-results=5|access-date=2023-06-18|archive-date=2023-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618180149/https://www.decordelight.online/search/label/Furniture?&max-results=5|url-status=dead}}</ref> The dresser was said to be the most important piece of furniture in the beginning, as they faced the entrance of each house in Neolithic society and often displayed carved artwork of symbolic objects. Over the years, especially in modern years, the concept of functional furniture in households exploded while keeping the artwork aspect that was displayed in the Neolithic period. This has made way for pieces in our culture that are both functional to our everyday lives and also a form of artwork that is pleasant to look at. The basic design of most furniture has remained the same for the most part though material and stability have become stronger and longer lasting with more of a focus on comfort and luxury in our modern lives.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of Wooden Furniture|url=https://study.com/academy/lesson/history-of-wooden-furniture.html|access-date=2021-07-08|website=study.com}}</ref> Increasingly, renters and homeowners are opting for fast furniture. And they don’t keep it long. <gallery> File:Vrba postelja.jpg| File:Lundia-hylly.jpg| File:Table set by tapiovaara.jpg| File:VOLTAIRE Seat.jpg| File:A_brown_sofa_(2005-03-03).jpg| File:Hocker (fcm).jpg| File:Salemer Münster Musikerzimmer Notenschrank.jpg| File:Vedel childrens furniture gh.jpg| </gallery> ==Related pages== * [[Cabinet making]] ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Furniture]] 1jxe6ycbxfbc3y6lzv5d7vg6opqprnd 10369183 10369182 2025-07-03T08:17:01Z 180.150.36.182 10369183 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Red_sofa.jpg|thumb|A red sofa.]] '''Furniture''' is the word that means all the things like [[chair]]s, [[Table (furniture)|tables]], [[cupboard]]s, [[bed]]s and [[bookcase]]s, etc. In other words, '''furniture''' are all the things that are in the house and that people can use to sit, to lie on or that are supposed to contain smaller things like [[cloth]]s or [[cup]]s. Furniture is made of wood, particle boards, [[leather]], [[screw]]s etc. Different rooms have different furniture for different purposes. Offices have office furniture such as desks and office chairs.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Different types of office furniture|url=https://rethinkyouroffice.co.uk/information/types-of-office-furniture.cfm|access-date=2021-07-08|website=}}</ref> Dining rooms have a table and dining chairs. Theaters and classrooms have rows of seats facing forward. [[Image:Shaker bedroom.JPG|upright|thumb]] Bedroom furniture includes a bed covered by sheets, a bedspread and maybe a blanket and pillow . Next to the bed is the nightstand or night table. A lamp may be on the nightstand. The dresser has drawers for clothes. On top of a dresser may be a mirror. == History == The concept of furniture was first developed as early as 3100-2500 B.C. The first items created for household use were made of stone, as wood was not readily available during the [[Neolithic]] time period. Dressers, cupboards, and beds were among the first forms of furniture. One particular issue of fixtures is their capacity to form and replicate cultural and ancient narratives via design. Furniture serves as a visible illustration of the winning aesthetics, societal values, and technological improvements of a selected technology or culture. Each piece of fixture holds a tale inside its design, materials, and craftsmanship.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Best furniture ideas in a row|url=https://tedswoodworking.diy/|access-date=2025-05-07|website=tedswoodworking.diy|language=en-US}}</ref> From the ornate carvings and gilded gildings of Rococo fixtures in 18th-century [[Europe]] to the glossy traces and minimalist kinds of mid-century cutting-edge pieces, fixtures offer a tangible connection to the artistic, social, and technological tendencies of its time. Furthermore, fixtures frequently embody the cultural identity of a selected area or community. Traditional fixtures and patterns may be deeply rooted withinside the records and customs of a selected culture, reflecting particular craftsmanship techniques, symbolic motifs, and indigenous materials. For instance, the difficult lattice paintings of Moroccan Mashrabiya monitors or the stylish simplicity of Japanese shoji monitors now no longer handiest serve practical functions but additionally encapsulate the cultural history of their respective societies. Moreover, fixtures can act as a medium for self-expression and private identification. People frequently pick fixtures that align with their character tastes and preferences, reflecting their lifestyle, values, and aesthetics. This personalization of fixtures permits people to create particular residing areas that resonate with their very own identities and aspirations. By analyzing fixtures as greater than simply practical objects, we are able to benefit from insights into the ancient, cultural, and private dimensions of human experience. From the grand palaces and stately houses to humble dwellings and modern-day interiors, fixtures stay an effective device for storytelling, connecting us to our past, present, and future.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Best furniture ideas|url=https://www.decordelight.online/search/label/Furniture?&max-results=5|access-date=2023-06-18|archive-date=2023-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618180149/https://www.decordelight.online/search/label/Furniture?&max-results=5|url-status=dead}}</ref> The dresser was said to be the most important piece of furniture in the beginning, as they faced the entrance of each house in Neolithic society and often displayed carved artwork of symbolic objects. Over the years, especially in modern years, the concept of functional furniture in households exploded while keeping the artwork aspect that was displayed in the Neolithic period. This has made way for pieces in our culture that are both functional to our everyday lives and also a form of artwork that is pleasant to look at. The basic design of most furniture has remained the same for the most part though material and stability have become stronger and longer lasting with more of a focus on comfort and luxury in our modern lives.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of Wooden Furniture|url=https://study.com/academy/lesson/history-of-wooden-furniture.html|access-date=2021-07-08|website=study.com}}</ref> Increasingly, renters and homeowners are opting for fast furniture. And they don’t keep it long. == Etymology == The time period "fixtures" reveals its roots withinside the Latin language. It is derived from the Latin word "furnitūra," which means "equipment" or "apparatus." The word "furnitūra" itself is a by-product of the Latin verb "furnīre," which means "to equip" or "to provide." Over time, the means of "fixtures" advanced to embody a broader variety of gadgets associated with equipping and furnishing dwelling areas. It got here to indicate movable gadgets and add-ons that decorate the capability and luxury of home environments. The time period "fixtures" first seemed withinside the [[English language]] withinside the sixteenth century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Definition of FURNITURE|url=https://www.decordelight.online/search/label/Furniture?&max-results=5|access-date=2023-06-18|archive-date=2023-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618180149/https://www.decordelight.online/search/label/Furniture?&max-results=5|url-status=dead}}</ref> <gallery> File:Vrba postelja.jpg| File:Lundia-hylly.jpg| File:Table set by tapiovaara.jpg| File:VOLTAIRE Seat.jpg| File:A_brown_sofa_(2005-03-03).jpg| File:Hocker (fcm).jpg| File:Salemer Münster Musikerzimmer Notenschrank.jpg| File:Vedel childrens furniture gh.jpg| </gallery> ==Related pages== * [[Cabinet making]] ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Furniture]] fhxz2helm11ppt7p9jfg4s9ksi0d3ut 0 33009 10367750 8077478 2025-07-02T14:32:34Z 180.150.36.182 10367750 wikitext text/x-wiki {{distinguish|GNU Octave}} An '''octave''' is the distance between two [[musical note]]s that have the same letter name. If a musician sings or plays a [[Scale (music)|scale]] (‘do-re-mi-fa-sol-la-si-do’) the first and last ‘do’ are an octave apart. It is called an ‘octave’ because there are eight notes in a scale (‘octo’ is [[Latin]] for ‘eight’). If a musician sings or plays the first two notes of the song “Somewhere over the rainbow” (i.e. the word ‘Somewhere’) these two notes are an octave apart. Two notes that are an octave apart sound very similar, almost like the same note. The scientific reason for this is that the top note [[vibration|vibrates]] twice as fast. For example: if someone plays [[Middle C]] on a [[piano]], a hammer hits the Middle C strings inside and makes them vibrate 256 times a second. The C an octave higher will vibrate 512 times a second. Young children who learn the piano will not be able to stretch an octave with one hand, if their hands are too small. Most adults can stretch an octave easily (playing one note with the thumb, and the other with the little finger). ==Related pages== * [[Interval (music)]] {{music theory}} [[Category:Music theory]] j1rtmpdxk9vef5kkqczqi5rgucb41zf 0 33659 10368694 8550875 2025-07-03T02:09:28Z Jdhidijdjdj 1301875 add some stuff and change some stuff 10368694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} '''''Magical DoReMi''''', called '''''Ojamajo Doremi''''' in Japan, is a shojo [[anime]] that follows the adventures of three [[elementary school]] girls as they help Majo Rika turn back into a [[human]] being. The anime is geared at girls aged 7-14. The series aired in Japan on [[TV Asahi]] between February 1999 and January 2003. It has four seasons and 201 episodes. There are also 2 spin-off seasons and 3 films, the newest being "''Looking For Magical Doremi''". == Characters == * Doremi Harukaze - A kind-hearted, but clumsy girl with [[red]] hair. Her sister Pop often annoys her. Her theme color is [[pink]] with her fairy named Dodo. Her name in the English dub is Dorie Goodwyn. * Pop Harukaze - Doremi's little [[sister]] with [[pink]] hair and the 4th witch. She has good behaviour, but she is annoying to Doremi. Her theme color is [[red]] with her fairy named Fafa. Her name in the English dub is Caitlyn Goodwyn. * Hazuki Fujiwara - Doremi's friend; a smart, polite and shy girl with [[brown]] hair. Her theme color is [[Orange (color)|orange]] with her fairy named Rere. Her name in the English dub is Reanne Griffith. * Aiko Senoo - A friend of Doremi; a sporty country girl with [[blue]] hair. Her theme color is [[Blue|sky blue]] with her fairy named Mimi. Her name in the English dub is Mirabelle Haywood. * Majo Rika - a [[witch]] accidentally turned into a Witch Frog (a [[green]] blob) by Doremi. Her name in the English dub is Patina. * Lala - Majo Rika's fairy with [[blonde]] hair, who is warm hearted to the Witch Apprentices. Her name in the English dub is Lorelei. * Onpu Segawa - The 4th witch with [[Violet (color)|violet]] hair of the show. Her theme color is [[purple]] with her fairy named Roro. Her name in the English dub is Ellie Craft. * Momoko Asuka - The 5th witch with [[Yellow|fluorescent yellow]] hair of the show. Her theme color is [[yellow]] with her fairy named Nini. * Hana Makihatayama - The 6th witch with [[Lemon (color)|lemon yellow]] hair of the show. Her theme colors are [[white]] and [[Lemon (color)|lemon yellow]] with her fairy named Toto. ==Story== The story begins in a town named Misora. Doremi Harukaze is a third-grader who is interested in [[magic]]. After a bad day at [[school]], Doremi wanders into a part of town that is unfamiliar. She then sees Maho-Do, an old magic [[shop]], and decides to look inside. There she finds Majo Rika. As Doremi looks around she finds out that it is a real magic shop and that Majo Rika is a witch. When Doremi says this to Majo Rika, she turns into a Witch Frog. After this, Majo Rika and her fairy, Lala, decide to teach Doremi how to become a witch, so she can change Majo Rika back from a witch frog. Doremi happily agrees, wanting to learn magic. Doremi becomes a witch in training, called a "Witch Apprentice". Doremi practices using magic. She learns what it is like to be a witch from her [[experience]]s. After something very strange happens, Doremi's friends begin to ask [[question]]s. Doremi decides to take Hazuki and Aiko to Maho-Do. At Maho-Do, they learn what happened with Doremi and also become witch apprentices so they keep it a [[secret]]. The [[series]] follows the lives of Doremi, Hazuki, and Aiko as they learn, train, and pass [[test]]s to become witches. In the next season, "''Ojamajo Doremi Sharp''", they discover a magical rose garden, which they witnessed the birth of a magical baby, called Hana-chan. Following that, they were told by the Witch Queen to take care of Hana-chan for a year. == Other websites == ;English: * [http://4kids.tv/magicaldoremi/ 4Kids TV ''Magical DoReMi'' website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061109232047/http://4kids.tv/magicaldoremi/ |date=2006-11-09 }} - The official website for the English dub. ;Japanese: * [http://www.toei-anim.co.jp Toei Animation Homepage] - ''Magical DoReMi'' Japanese Market management and headquarter * [http://www.toei-anim.co.jp/tv/doremi Toei Animation Ojamajo Doremi website] - The official website to the first season of the series. [[Category:1999 anime television series]] [[Category:2000 anime television series]] [[Category:2000 manga]] [[Category:2001 anime television series]] [[Category:2001 manga]] [[Category:2002 anime television series]] [[Category:Children's television series]] 1xcluzb4u9i636ghblewrtwuido2czf 10368766 10368694 2025-07-03T02:35:58Z Jdhidijdjdj 1301875 Bold character names in list 10368766 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} '''''Magical DoReMi''''', called '''''Ojamajo Doremi''''' in Japan, is a shojo [[anime]] that follows the adventures of three [[elementary school]] girls as they help Majo Rika turn back into a [[human]] being. The anime is geared at girls aged 7-14. The series aired in Japan on [[TV Asahi]] between February 1999 and January 2003. It has four seasons and 201 episodes. There are also 2 spin-off seasons and 3 films, the newest being "''Looking For Magical Doremi''". == Characters == * '''Doremi Harukaze''' - A kind-hearted, but clumsy girl with [[red]] hair. Her sister Pop often annoys her. Her theme color is [[pink]] with her fairy named Dodo. Her name in the English dub is Dorie Goodwyn. * '''Pop Harukaze''' - Doremi's little [[sister]] with [[pink]] hair and the 4th witch. She has good behaviour, but she is annoying to Doremi. Her theme color is [[red]] with her fairy named Fafa. Her name in the English dub is Caitlyn Goodwyn. * '''Hazuki Fujiwara''' - Doremi's friend; a smart, polite and shy girl with [[brown]] hair. Her theme color is [[Orange (color)|orange]] with her fairy named Rere. Her name in the English dub is Reanne Griffith. * '''Aiko Senoo''' - A friend of Doremi; a sporty country girl with [[blue]] hair. Her theme color is [[Blue|sky blue]] with her fairy named Mimi. Her name in the English dub is Mirabelle Haywood. * '''Majo Rika''' - a [[witch]] accidentally turned into a Witch Frog (a [[green]] blob) by Doremi. Her name in the English dub is Patina. * '''Lala''' - Majo Rika's fairy with [[blonde]] hair, who is warm hearted to the Witch Apprentices. Her name in the English dub is Lorelei. * '''Onpu Segawa''' - The 4th witch with [[Violet (color)|violet]] hair of the show. Her theme color is [[purple]] with her fairy named Roro. Her name in the English dub is Ellie Craft. * '''Momoko Asuka''' - The 5th witch with [[Yellow|fluorescent yellow]] hair of the show. Her theme color is [[yellow]] with her fairy named Nini. * '''Hana Makihatayama''' - The 6th witch with [[Lemon (color)|lemon yellow]] hair of the show. Her theme colors are [[white]] and [[Lemon (color)|lemon yellow]] with her fairy named Toto. ==Story== The story begins in a town named Misora. Doremi Harukaze is a third-grader who is interested in [[magic]]. After a bad day at [[school]], Doremi wanders into a part of town that is unfamiliar. She then sees Maho-Do, an old magic [[shop]], and decides to look inside. There she finds Majo Rika. As Doremi looks around she finds out that it is a real magic shop and that Majo Rika is a witch. When Doremi says this to Majo Rika, she turns into a Witch Frog. After this, Majo Rika and her fairy, Lala, decide to teach Doremi how to become a witch, so she can change Majo Rika back from a witch frog. Doremi happily agrees, wanting to learn magic. Doremi becomes a witch in training, called a "Witch Apprentice". Doremi practices using magic. She learns what it is like to be a witch from her [[experience]]s. After something very strange happens, Doremi's friends begin to ask [[question]]s. Doremi decides to take Hazuki and Aiko to Maho-Do. At Maho-Do, they learn what happened with Doremi and also become witch apprentices so they keep it a [[secret]]. The [[series]] follows the lives of Doremi, Hazuki, and Aiko as they learn, train, and pass [[test]]s to become witches. In the next season, "''Ojamajo Doremi Sharp''", they discover a magical rose garden, which they witnessed the birth of a magical baby, called Hana-chan. Following that, they were told by the Witch Queen to take care of Hana-chan for a year. == Other websites == ;English: * [http://4kids.tv/magicaldoremi/ 4Kids TV ''Magical DoReMi'' website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061109232047/http://4kids.tv/magicaldoremi/ |date=2006-11-09 }} - The official website for the English dub. ;Japanese: * [http://www.toei-anim.co.jp Toei Animation Homepage] - ''Magical DoReMi'' Japanese Market management and headquarter * [http://www.toei-anim.co.jp/tv/doremi Toei Animation Ojamajo Doremi website] - The official website to the first season of the series. [[Category:1999 anime television series]] [[Category:2000 anime television series]] [[Category:2000 manga]] [[Category:2001 anime television series]] [[Category:2001 manga]] [[Category:2002 anime television series]] [[Category:Children's television series]] kk3nko911ngzkrbmihat6d4ml5lw2a6 0 36488 10369018 9319613 2025-07-03T05:47:04Z Julipero 1604351 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 10369018 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Antibody.svg|thumb|230px|Each antibody binds to a specific antigen; this works like a [[lock]] and [[key]].]] [[File:Immunoglobulin basic unit.svg|thumb|240px|1. Fragment antigen binding region<br />2. Fragment crystallizable region<br />3. Heavy chain (blue) with one variable (V<sub>H</sub>) domain followed by a constant domain (C<sub>H</sub>1), a hinge region, and two more constant (C<sub>H</sub>2 and C<sub>H</sub>3) domains.<br />4. Light chain (green) with one variable (V<sub>L</sub>) and one constant (C<sub>L</sub>) domain<br />5. Antigen binding site (paratope)<br />6. Hinge regions]] '''Antibodies''' (also called '''immunoglobulins''') are large Y-shaped [[proteins]] that can stick to the surface of [[bacteria]] and [[viruses]]. They are found in the [[blood]] or other body fluids of [[vertebrate]]s. Antibodies are the key element in the [[adaptive immune system]]. The antibody recognizes a unique part of the foreign target called an [[antigen]].<ref name="Janeway5">{{cite book | author = Janeway C.A. Jr. | display-authors = etal | title = Immunobiology. | edition = 5th | publisher = Garland Publishing | year = 2001 | isbn = 0-8153-3642-X | id = [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowTOC&rid=imm.TOC&depth=10 (electronic full text via NCBI Bookshelf)] }}</ref><ref name="pmid8450761">{{cite journal | author = Litman G.W. | display-authors = etal | title = Phylogenetic diversification of immunoglobulin genes and the antibody repertoire | journal = Mol. Biol. Evol. | volume = 10 | issue = 1 | pages = 60–72 | year = 1993 | pmid = 8450761 | doi = 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040000| url =https://archive.org/details/sim_molecular-biology-and-evolution_1993-01_10_1/page/60| issn = }}</ref> Each tip of the "Y" of an antibody contains a structure (like a lock) that fits one particular key-like structure on an antigen. This binds the two structures together. Using this binding mechanism, an antibody can ''tag'' a [[microbe]] or an infected cell for attack by other parts of the immune system, or can neutralize its target directly.<ref>For example, by blocking a part of a microbe that is essential for its invasion and survival.</ref> The production of antibodies is the main function of [[humoral immunity]].<ref>The system which produces antibodies in the [[blood plasma]]. Another system, '''cellular immunity''', is done in the tissues by cells.</ref><ref name="Pier">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/immunologyinfect0000unse_c4z8|title=Immunology, infection, and immunity|author=Pier GB|last2=Lyczak JB|last3=Wetzler LM|publisher=ASM Press|year=2004|isbn=1-55581-246-5|edition=}}</ref> Each antibody is different. They are all designed to attack only one kind of antigen (in practice, this means [[virus]] or bacteria). For instance, an antibody designed to destroy [[smallpox]] is unable to hit the [[bubonic plague]] or the [[common cold]]. Though the general structure of all antibodies is very similar, that small region at the tip of the protein is extremely variable. This allows millions of antibodies with different tip structures to exist. Each of these variants can bind to a different antigen.<ref name=Janeway5/> This enormous diversity of antibodies allows the immune system to recognize an equally wide variety of antigens.<ref name=Rhoades>{{cite book | author = Rhoades RA, Pflanzer RG | title = Human Physiology| edition = 4th | publisher = Thomson Learning | year = 2002 | isbn = 978-0-534-42174-8}}</ref> == Relationship Between White Blood Cells and Antibodies == There are two types of white blood cells: [[Phagocyte|Phagocytes]] and [[Lymphocyte|Lymphocytes]]. Phagocytes are a type of [[white blood cell]]. Once the antibodies attach to the [[pathogen]] the phagocytes bind to and engulf the pathogens. Once the pathogen is surrounded, the phagocyte then breaks down the cell using [[Enzyme|enzymes]] in its body. Phagocytes rely on antibodies to flag down pathogens in the blood system. The other type of white blood cell is called a Lymphocyte. These white blood cells are the ones that are in charge of producing antibodies. The Lymphocytes can detect what pathogen is in your body at that given moment and the Lymphocyte will produce a specific type of antibody to specifically attack that pathogen. These antibodies help group pathogens together into one mass so that the phagocytes can just engulf them whole, rather than going around and individually finding pathogens. They produce antibodies that are specific to the pathogen. It takes a while for lymphocytes to produce these specific antibodies. In addition, some lymphocytes produce toxins that counteract the effect of pathogenic [[Exotoxin|exotoxins]] in the body.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The immune system of the human body in defence against disease - Communicable diseases - AQA - GCSE Biology (Single Science) Revision - AQA|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zxr7ng8/revision/9|access-date=2023-05-11|website=BBC Bitesize|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Immunoglobulin diversity == === Basic issue === Although a huge variety of different antibodies is made in a single individual, ''the number of [[gene]]s available to make these proteins is limited by the size of the [[genome]]''. There are a vast number of [[microbe]] strains, and so [[vertebrate]]s need millions of different antibodies.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Mian I|last2=Bradwell A|last3=Olson A|year=1991|title=Structure, function and properties of antibody binding sites|journal=J Mol Biol|volume=217|issue=1|pages=133–51|doi=10.1016/0022-2836(91)90617-F|pmid=1988675}}</ref> Actually, humans generate about 10&nbsp;[[billion]] different antibodies, each capable of binding a distinct antigen site.<ref name="pmid8612345">{{cite journal|author=Fanning LJ|last2=Connor AM|last3=Wu GE|year=1996|title=Development of the immunoglobulin repertoire|journal=Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol.|volume=79|issue=1|pages=1–14|doi=10.1006/clin.1996.0044|pmid=8612345}}</ref> This must be done with a very much smaller number of [[gene]]s: the total human [[genome]] has only about 20,000 genes. Several complex [[genetics|genetic]] mechanisms have [[Evolution|evolved]]. These allow vertebrate [[B cell]]s to generate a huge pool of antibodies from a relatively small number of antibody genes.<ref name = namazee>{{cite journal |author=Nemazee D |title=Receptor editing in [[lymphocyte]] development and central tolerance |journal=Nat Rev Immunol |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=728–40 |year=2006 |pmid=16998507 |doi=10.1038/nri1939|s2cid=2234228 }}</ref> The full details are not presented here, just a summary. The variety of antibodies is got by combining segments from a pool of [[gene]]s in many different ways. Then, [[wikt:hyper|hyper]]-[[mutation]]s occur in the binding site area of the antibody gene. This creates further diversity.<ref name="Market">{{cite journal | author = Market E & Papavasiliou FN | title = V(D)J recombination and the evolution of the adaptive immune system | journal = PLOS Biol. | volume = 1 | issue = 1 | pages = E16 | year = 2003 | pmid = 14551913 | pmc = 212695 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pbio.0000016 | doi-access = free | url = | issn = }}</ref><ref name="diaz">{{cite journal |author=Diaz M & Casali P |title=Somatic immunoglobulin hypermutation |journal=Curr Opin Immunol |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=235–240 |year=2002 |pmid=11869898 |doi=10.1016/S0952-7915(02)00327-8|pmc=4621002 }}</ref> === Heavy chains === Antibodies are [[glycoprotein]]s belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily; the terms ''antibody'' and ''immunoglobulin'' are often used interchangeably.<ref name="Rhoades" /> Antibodies are typically made of basic structural units—each with two large ''heavy chains'' and two small ''light chains''. There are several different types of antibody heavy chains, and several different kinds of antibodies, which are grouped into different ''isotypes'' based on which heavy chain they possess. Five different antibody isotypes are known in mammals. They help direct the appropriate immune response for each different type of foreign object they encounter.<ref name="Market" /> === Variable tips === Though the general structure of all antibodies is very similar, a small region at the tip of the protein is extremely variable, allowing millions of antibodies with slightly different tip structures, or antigen binding sites, to exist. This region is known as the ''hypervariable region''. Each of these variants can bind to a different antigen.<ref name="Janeway5" /> This enormous diversity of antibodies allows the immune system to recognize an equally wide variety of antigens.<ref name="Rhoades" /> The large and diverse population of antibodies is generated by random combinations of a set of [[gene]] segments that encode different antigen binding sites (or ''paratopes''), followed by random [[mutation]]s in this area of the antibody gene, which create further diversity.<ref name=Market/><ref name="diaz" /> Antibody genes also re-organize in a process called [[Immunoglobulin class switching|class switching]], which allows a single antibody to be used by several different parts of the immune system. === Examples of Antibodies === ==== Antistreptolysin O: The Streptolysin Antibody ==== The specific antibody that is produced to fight Group A [[streptococcus]] is called Antistreptolysin-O, also known as ASO.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Antistreptolysin O and Anti-Deoxyribonuclease B Titers|url=https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article-abstract/101/1/86/52329/Antistreptolysin-O-and-Anti-Deoxyribonuclease-B|access-date=2023-05-11|website=publications.aap.org}}</ref> Detection of ASO via antistreptolysin-O titer or anti-deoxyribonuclease B (anti-DNase B) is a common way of testing for a group A streptococcal infection. These tests indicate if streptolysin antibodies are present. These proteins are only synthesized by lymphocytes in the event that streptolysin enters the immune system, thus this is a useful way of determining if a patient has the infection. == Medical Applications of Antibodies == Understanding the function and mechanism of antibodies is a powerful tool for disease treatment. Though most antibodies used in current clinical research are developed from mouse monoclonal antibodies, this method is allowing the scientific community to make great progress. Such developments include creating antibodies with highly conserved targets and the synthesis of new structures based on the antibodies themselves. There have also been advancements in increasing the binding affinity of antibodies to their associated antigens, a crucial quality to the effectiveness of the antibodies themselves.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Loo|first1=LiNa|last2=Robinson|first2=Matthew K.|last3=Adams|first3=Gregory P.|date=2008|title=Antibody engineering principles and applications|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18536554/|journal=Cancer Journal (Sudbury, Mass.)|volume=14|issue=3|pages=149–153|doi=10.1097/PPO.0b013e318173a5d5|issn=1528-9117|pmid=18536554|s2cid=30015983 }}</ref> Antibodies are constantly being developed in order to protect the immune system from harmful pathogens. For example, a team of researchers is working on creating a monoclonal antibody that combats Human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1). The antibody specifically targets the HTLV-1 envelope protein gp46 glycoprotein as a means of destroying HTLV-1-infected cells. The results of the study demonstrate that antibodies can be developed as a therapeutic tool against pathogen-infected cells, thereby serving as a means of treating diseases caused by said pathogens.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hatayama|first1=Yasuyoshi|last2=Yamaoka|first2=Yutaro|last3=Morita|first3=Takeshi|last4=Jeremiah|first4=Sundararaj Stanleyraj|last5=Miyakawa|first5=Kei|last6=Nishi|first6=Mayuko|last7=Kimura|first7=Yayoi|last8=Mitsunaga|first8=Makoto|last9=Iwase|first9=Tadayuki|last10=Kimura|first10=Hirokazu|last11=Yamamoto|first11=Naoki|date=2022-09-29|title=Development of a Monoclonal Antibody Targeting HTLV-1 Envelope gp46 Glycoprotein and Its Application to Near-Infrared Photoimmuno-Antimicrobial Strategy|journal=Viruses|volume=14|issue=10|pages=2153|doi=10.3390/v14102153|doi-access=free |issn=1999-4915|pmc=9608601|pmid=36298708}}</ref> == Other websites == *Animated depictions of how antibodies are used in [http://www.elispot-analyzers.de/english/elisa-animation.html ELISA]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061025010536/http://www.elispot-analyzers.de/english/elisa-animation.html |date=2006-10-25 }} and [http://www.elispot-analyzers.de/english/elispot-animation.html ELISPOT]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061012034609/http://www.elispot-analyzers.de/english/elispot-animation.html |date=2006-10-12 }} assays == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Cell biology]] [[Category:Immunology]] pp47yewpx3m1dge8dfguv4maghnpsoa 0 36766 10368273 9715017 2025-07-02T21:14:18Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C US-EN 10368273 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} {{For|the movie/video game rental store|Blockbuster}} '''''Blockbusters''''' is an American [[game show]] that aired on [[NBC]] from October 27, 1980 to May 1, 1987. == How to play == One team of two people plays against a solo person to see if two heads are better than one. The team is represented by the color [[white]] while the solo player is represented by the color [[red]]. There is a game board with letters inside spaces shaped like a [[hexagon]]. A player picks a letter on the board, and host [[Bill Cullen]] asks a question to see how much the players know. Whoever rings in first and gets the answer right gets their color put on the board in the space where the corresponding letter once was. If the team makes a connection from left to right, they win. If the solo player makes a connection from top to bottom, he/she wins. === Gold Rush === Whoever wins after two games goes on to play the "Gold Rush" for a shot at an extra $5,000. The board is the same, except that the spaces are colored gold, and sometimes more than one letter is seen in each space. The object of the game is to make a connection across the board within the 60 second time limit. If they do, they win the $5,000. If they miss a question, a block will go up and they will have to work their way around it. == Different versions == ''Blockbusters'' aired on the NBC network and was [[Presenter|hosted]] by [[Bill Cullen]] from 1980 to 1982. Then in 1987, [[comedian]] [[Bill Rafferty]] hosted a new version, which ended the same year. It featured two solo players instead of a team of two people and a solo player. [[Category:Television game shows]] [[Category:NBC network series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:1980 American television series debuts]] [[Category:1987 American television series endings]] 73vle7tz96altv7z0omr0pdep9yacs4 0 37065 10369197 10239601 2025-07-03T08:20:06Z 180.150.36.182 10369197 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kata1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A karate student wearing a Gi]] {{nihongo|'''Karate'''|空手|}} is a [[Japan]]ese [[martial art]].<ref name="nussbaum482">Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA482 "''Karate''"] in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 482.</ref> It was developed in the former [[Ryūkyū Kingdom]] in what is now [[Okinawa Prefecture]]. Karate was created by mixing two fighting styles. Karate has been an Olympic sport since the [[2020 Summer Olympics]] but in 2020, the IOC decided to drop Karate for the 2024 Paris Olympics, one year later in 2021, the IOC decided to reinstate Karate for the 2028 Los Angeles Olympics. Karate was invented in the 14th century. Karate uses all parts of the human body as a weapon such as the hand, fist, elbow, leg and knee. Karate training has three main sections: * {{nihongo|'''kihon'''|基本, きほん}} is learning the basic techniques or fundamentals; * {{nihongo|'''kata'''|形（型）|}}　is the training of form, the specific order and way of using techniques; * {{nihongo|'''kumite'''|組手|}} is to learn how to fight using those techniques. == History of Karate == [[Gichin Funakoshi]], a school teacher from the island of [[Okinawa]], introduced Karate to mainland Japan in the early 1900s.<ref name="nussbaum220">Nussbaum, [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA220 "Funakoshi Gichin" at p. 220].</ref> Traditional karate is different from [[boxing]], [[wrestling]] and [[kickboxing]]: in karate, there is just as much importance on the strength of the mind and good manners as there is on strength of the body and self-defence to use when you're in trouble. Karate became more known around the world because of Karate [[movies]] in the 1960s and 1970s. Now people all over the world learn Karate. After [[World War II]], Karate also became popular in Korea, where a local variation appeared, it is called "[[tangsudo]]". The full name of Karate is "Karate-do" which means "the way of the empty hand" in English. There are many schools or styles of karate, including * [[Gōjū-ryū]]<ref name="nussbaum482"/> * [[Sankukai]]<ref name="nussbaum482"/> * [[Shitō-ryū]]<ref name="nussbaum482"/> * [[Shōtōkan]]<ref name="nussbaum482"/> * [[Wadō-ryū]]<ref name="nussbaum482"/> A person who does Karate is called a "''karateka''".<ref>Nussbaum, [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA483 "''karateka''" at p. 483].</ref> Notable Karateka include: Gichin Funakoshi, Yoshitaka Funakoshi,<ref name="nussbaum220"/> Shigeru Egami, Masutatsu Oyama, and Fumio Demura. == Karate Clothing == {{sports}} [[File:Obi-gokyū.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Coloured belts for Karate.]] When people practice Karate, they wear special clothes called a Gi. The Gi is made up of a white jacket and white pants. People who practice Karate also wear a colored belt, which tells other people their rank. The belt shows how long you have trained rather than how good you are. Two people wearing different colored belts can be surprisingly similar. Different schools of Karate have different colours of belts for their ranks. You cannot know precisely how good they are without either asking them or knowing how their school arranges the belt colours in ranks. Usually the black belt is for the students who try very hard to be the best that they can be for a long time. Some schools have several degrees of black belts. They show this by having a white stripe, called a Dan, on the one end of the belt, for the black belt degree the person has. For instance a "3 Dan black belt" would have 3 white stripes on his black belt and would be higher ranked than a "1 Dan black belt". ==Related pages == * [[Sports in Japan]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category-inline|Karate}} {{Karate}} [[Category:Karate| ]] l4up9vgajt0ho8rqo9t6cfd19ep02b3 10369198 10369197 2025-07-03T08:20:17Z 180.150.36.182 10369198 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kata1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A karate student wearing a Gi]] {{nihongo|'''Karate'''|空手|}} is a [[Japan]]ese [[martial art]].<ref name="nussbaum482">Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA482 "''Karate''"] in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 482.</ref> It was developed in the former [[Ryūkyū Kingdom]] in what is now [[Okinawa Prefecture]]. Karate was created by mixing two fighting styles. Karate has been an Olympic sport since the [[2020 Summer Olympics]] but in 2020, the IOC decided to drop Karate for the 2024 Paris Olympics, one year later in 2021, the IOC decided to reinstate Karate for the 2028 Los Angeles Olympics. Karate was invented in the 14th century. Karate uses all parts of the human body as a weapon such as the hand, fist, elbow, leg and knee. Karate training has three main sections: * {{nihongo|'''kihon'''|基本, きほん}} is learning the basic techniques or fundamentals; * {{nihongo|'''kata'''|形（型）|}}　is the training of form, the specific order and way of using techniques; * {{nihongo|'''kumite'''|組手|}} is to learn how to fight using those techniques. == History of Karate == [[Gichin Funakoshi]], a school teacher from the island of [[Okinawa]], introduced Karate to mainland Japan in the early 1900s.<ref name="nussbaum220">Nussbaum, [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA220 "Funakoshi Gichin" at p. 220].</ref> Traditional karate is different from [[boxing]], [[wrestling]] and [[kickboxing]]: in karate, there is just as much importance on the strength of the mind and good manners as there is on strength of the body and self-defence to use when you're in trouble. Karate became more known around the world because of Karate [[movies]] in the 1960s and 1970s. Now people all over the world learn Karate. After [[World War II]], Karate also became popular in Korea, where a local variation appeared, it is called "[[tangsudo]]". The full name of Karate is "Karate-do" which means "the way of the empty hand" in English. There are many schools or styles of karate, including * [[Gōjū-ryū]]<ref name="nussbaum482"/> * [[Sankukai]]<ref name="nussbaum482"/> * [[Shitō-ryū]]<ref name="nussbaum482"/> * [[Shōtōkan]]<ref name="nussbaum482"/> * [[Wadō-ryū]]<ref name="nussbaum482"/> A person who does Karate is called a "''karateka''".<ref>Nussbaum, [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA483 "''karateka''" at p. 483].</ref> Notable Karateka include: Gichin Funakoshi, Yoshitaka Funakoshi,<ref name="nussbaum220"/> Shigeru Egami, Masutatsu Oyama, and Fumio Demura. == Karate Clothing == {{sports}} [[File:Obi-gokyū.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Coloured belts for Karate.]] When people practice Karate, they wear special clothes called a Gi. The Gi is made up of a white jacket and white pants. People who practice Karate also wear a colored belt, which tells other people their rank. The belt shows how long you have trained rather than how good you are. Two people wearing different colored belts can be surprisingly similar. Different schools of Karate have different colours of belts for their ranks. You cannot know precisely how good they are without either asking them or knowing how their school arranges the belt colours in ranks. Usually the black belt is for the students who try very hard to be the best that they can be for a long time. Some schools have several degrees of black belts. They show this by having a white stripe, called a Dan, on the one end of the belt, for the black belt degree the person has. For instance a "3 Dan black belt" would have 3 white stripes on his black belt and would be higher ranked than a "1 Dan black belt". ==Related pages== * [[Sports in Japan]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category-inline|Karate}} {{Karate}} [[Category:Karate| ]] beb6fqm1ot9gmsw3wziw508k0wicug3 0 37369 10367950 10166766 2025-07-02T17:11:55Z 86.124.202.244 10367950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | Name = Linkin Park | Img = File:Linkin Park at Hollywood Bowl, Los Angeles, CA - October 27th, 2017.jpg | Img_capt = Linkin Park during their performance at Hollywood Bowl, Los Angeles, CA, on October 27th, 2017. | Background = group_or_band | Origin = [[Agoura Hills, California|Agoura Hills]], [[California]], [[United States|USA]] | Genre = [[Alternative rock]], [[nu metal]], [[rap rock]], [[rap metal]], [[alternative metal]], [[electronic rock]], [[pop rock]], [[hard rock]], [[industrial rock]] | Years_active = {{hlist|1996–2017|2020–2021|2023–present}} | Alias = [[Xero (1996 – 1998)|Xero]]<br /> [[Hybrid Theory (1998 - Mid Summer 2000)|Hybrid Theory]] | Label = [[Warner Records|Warner]]<br />[[Machine Shop Recordings|Machine Shop]] | Associated_acts = [[Jay-Z]], [[Steve Aoki]], [[Dead By Sunrise]], [[Fort Minor]], [[Relative Degree]], [[Tasty Snax]] | Current_members = [[Mike Shinoda]]<br>[[Dave Farrell]]<br>[[Brad Delson]]<br>[[Emily Armstrong]]<br>[[Colin Brittain]]<br>[[Joe Hahn]] | Past_members = [[Rob Bourdon]]<br>Mark Wakefield<br>[[Chester Bennington]] }} '''Linkin Park''' is an American [[nu metal]] band from [[Agoura Hills, California|Agoura Hills]], [[California]]. They started making music in 1996. The band became a household with their first album, ''[[Hybrid Theory]]'', which was given a [[RIAA certification|diamond certification]] by the [[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]] for selling more than 10 million copies. It got [[List of music recording sales certifications|multi-platinum]] certifications in many other countries.<ref>Recording Industry Association of America, [https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=tblDiamond RIAA Record Sales] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725044833/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=tblDiamond |date=2013-07-25 }}, Retrieved on June 13, 2007</ref> Their second album, ''[[Meteora (album)|Meteora]]'', made the band even more popular. It reached number one on the [[Billboard charts|''Billboard'' 200]] album chart in 2003. It was promoted with concerts and giving for charities around the world.<ref>Soundspike.com, [http://www.soundspike.com/news/main/article/788/album_chart_linkin_parks_meteora_shoots_to_the_top.html Album Chart: Linkin Park’s ‘Meteora’ shoots to the top] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504180241/http://www.soundspike.com/news/main/article/788/album_chart_linkin_parks_meteora_shoots_to_the_top.html |date=2009-05-04 }}, Retrieved on March 19, 2007</ref> In 2003, [[MTV2]] called Linkin Park the sixth greatest band of the music video time and the third best band of the new millennium, only beaten by [[Oasis (band)|Oasis]] and [[Coldplay]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Andrea |last=Negri |title=22 greatest bands? Something 2 argue about |work=Houston Chronicle |date=October 10, 2003}}</ref> ''[[Billboard charts|Billboard]]'' ranked Linkin Park #19 on the Best Artists of the Decade (Past 10 Years) chart.<ref name="Artists Of The Decade">Billboard Artists Of The Decade, [http://www.billboard.com/#/charts-decade-end/artists-of-the-decade?year=2009&begin=11&order=position], Retrieved on August 15, 2011</ref> The band used the genres [[nu metal]] and [[rap metal]] to make it suitable for radio yet heavy in layers in ''Hybrid Theory'' and ''Meteora''.<ref name="ew">{{cite magazine|first=Tom|last=Sinclair|title=Meteora (2003)|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,435104~4~0~meteora,00.html|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|date=March 28, 2003|accessdate=October 19, 2007|archive-date=August 15, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815113122/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,435104~4~0~meteora,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="msn">MSN Music, [http://music.msn.com/artist/?artist=16483411&menu=bio Linkin Park: Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514151652/http://music.msn.com/artist/?artist=16483411&menu=bio |date=2008-05-14 }}, Retrieved on June 14, 2007</ref><ref name="allmusic1">{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p447095|pure_url=yes}} |title=allmusic ((( Linkin Park > Overview ))) |publisher=Allmusic |author=MacKenzie Wilson |accessdate=October 28, 2008}}</ref> The band used other types of music in their next studio album ''[[Minutes to Midnight]]'', which was released in 2007.<ref name="No new"/><ref name="lat">{{cite news |first=Ann |last=Powers|title=Minutes to Midnight (Warner Bros.) |url=http://www.calendarlive.com/printedition/calendar/cl-et-linkin15may15,0,2089411.story?coll=cl-calendar|work=Los Angeles Times|date=May 15, 2007|accessdate=October 19, 2007 }}</ref> The album also reached number one at the ''Billboard'' and had the third best beginning at number one of any album that year.<ref>Billboard.com, [http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=Albums&f=The+Billboard+200 M2M holds the top slot for the current week] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100504062334/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=albums&f=the+billboard+200 |date=2010-05-04 }}, Retrieved on May 28, 2007</ref><ref name="billm">Billboard.com, [http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003589114 Linkin Park Scores Year's Best Debut With 'Midnight'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110116131040/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003589114 |date=2011-01-16 }}, Retrieved on May 28, 2007</ref> The band also worked with other artists and bands. The most famous would be [[Hip hop|rapper]] [[Jay-Z]] in their [[Remixing#Mashups|mash-up]] (mixing more than one song together) [[extended play]] ''[[Collision Course (album)|Collision Course]]'' and many other people on their remix album ''[[Reanimation]]''.<ref name="msn"/> The band's album, ''[[A Thousand Suns]]'', was released on 2010. They further changed their sound again. Linkin Park have sold more than 50 million albums and have won two [[Grammys]].<ref>{{cite news | first=Lisa | last=Verrico | title=Linkin Park | date=January 30, 2008 | work=The Times | location=UK | url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/live_reviews/article3271745.ece | accessdate=February 20, 2009 | archive-date=May 15, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090515124507/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/live_reviews/article3271745.ece | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Rock On The Net, [http://www.rockonthenet.com/grammy/rapcollab.htm Grammy Awards: Best Rap/Sung Collaboration], Retrieved on June 9, 2007</ref><ref name="rockonthenet.com">Rock On The Net [http://www.rockonthenet.com/grammy/hardrock.htm Grammy Awards: Best Hard Rock Performance], Retrieved on June 14, 2006</ref><ref name="rockonthenet.com"/> == Band History == === Starts as ''Xero'' and ''Hybrid Theory EP'' (1996–1999) === {{Main article|Hybrid Theory EP}} The band was first made up of three friends from high school, [[Mike Shinoda]], [[Brad Delson]] and Rob Bourdon.<ref name="Ask-Bio">AskMen.com, [http://www.askmen.com/men/entertainment_150/196c_linkin_park.html Linkin Park&nbsp;– Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060105053539/http://www.askmen.com/men/entertainment_150/196c_linkin_park.html |date=2006-01-05 }} Retrieved on March 20, 2007</ref> After high school, they started to get serious in music and added DJ [[Joe Hahn]], bass player [[Dave Farrell|Dave "Phoenix" Farrell]] and singer Mark Wakefield to their band. They were named "Xero". Even though they have few materials, the band started recording and making songs in Shinoda's studio in his bedroom in 1996.<ref name=Ask-Bio/><ref name="Bio2">{{cite web|url=http://www.popstarsplus.com/music_linkinpark_history.htm|title=Linkin Park&nbsp;— band history and biography|accessdate=December 23, 2007|archive-date=December 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215121649/http://www.popstarsplus.com/music_linkinpark_history.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> The band started feeling uncomfortable and angry with each other after they were not able to get a contract from a major music company.<ref name=Ask-Bio /> Because they did not become successful, Wakefield quit so he could look for other music projects.<ref name=Ask-Bio/><ref name="Bio2" /> Farrell also quit so he could perform in concerts with many bands including his old band, Tasty Snax.<ref name="MusicMight">MusicMight.com, [http://www.musicmight.com/linkto/artist/{152D3B4F-F96B-445F-A2F6-DFF26B9 Linkin Park&nbsp;– MusicMight Biography]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Retrieved on March 20, 2007</ref><ref>{{cite web |work=Livedaily.com |url=http://www.livedaily.com/interviews/liveDaily_Interview_Linkin_Parks_Dave_Phoenix_Farrell-6078.html?t=6 |title=LiveDaily Interview: Linkin Park's Dave 'Phoenix' Farrell |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090316205148/http://www.livedaily.com/interviews/liveDaily_Interview_Linkin_Parks_Dave_Phoenix_Farrell-6078.html?t=6 |archivedate=16 March 2009 |accessdate=March 20, 2007}}</ref> After a long time without a lead singer, Xero added an [[Arizona]]n singer named [[Chester Bennington]]. [[Jeff Blue]], the vice-president of Zomba Music in March 1999, insisted them to get Bennington.<ref name="LPT">Lptimes.com, [http://www.lptimes.com/bio/bio_band.html Band History] Retrieved on March 20, 2007</ref> Bennington, who used to be in a [[post-grunge]] band called Grey Daze, became the most wanted among the people who wanted to be in Xero because of the strength in his voice.<ref name=Ask-Bio/> The band then soon changed their name from Xero to "Hybrid Theory" in 1999 and released their EP the same year.<ref name=MusicMight/> Since Shinoda and Bennington sound good together, it helped restart the band into making new music.<ref name=Ask-Bio/> The band restarting also led to the band changing its name again to "Linkin Park" in 2000, a tribute to [[Santa Monica, California|Santa Monica]]'s Lincoln Park.<ref name="askmen">AskMen.com, [http://www.askmen.com/men/entertainment_150/196c_linkin_park.html Linkin Park&nbsp;— Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060105053539/http://www.askmen.com/men/entertainment_150/196c_linkin_park.html |date=2006-01-05 }} Retrieved on March 20, 2007</ref> Even with this, they still could not get a music contract. After many [[record label]]s (music companies) rejected them, they asked Jeff Blue, now vice-president of [[Warner Bros. Records]], to help. After not being able to sign with Warner Bros. three times, Blue helped the band finally get a contract with Warner Bros. in 1999. === ''Hybrid Theory LP'' and ''Reanimation'' (2000–2002) === {{Main|Hybrid Theory}} Linkin Park released ''[[Hybrid Theory]]'' on [[October 24]], [[2000]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rateyourmusic.com/release/album/linkin_park/hybrid_theory/|title=Linkin Park – ''Hybrid Theory released October 24, 2000.''|accessdate=December 23, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.linkin-park.com/?pg=albums|title=Linkin Park fansite&nbsp;— Album release date|accessdate=December 23, 2007 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071221073717/http://www.linkin-park.com/?pg=albums |archivedate = December 21, 2007}}</ref> It was the result of over four years of work. It was edited by Don Gilmore.<ref name=Ask-Bio/> ''Hybrid Theory'' was very successful in sales. It sold 4.8 million copies in the first year, and had the most sales of any album in 2001. The singles of the album are "[[One Step Closer]]", "[[Crawling (song)|Crawling]]", "[[Papercut (song)|Papercut]]" "[[In the End]]". It made them always appear on many [[alternative rock]] radios during 2001.<ref name="MusicMight"/> Other songs from the album were included in movies like ''[[Dracula 2000]]'', ''[[Little Nicky]]'', and ''[[Valentine (movie)|Valentine]]''.<ref name=MusicMight/> Linkin Park also worked with [[The X-Ecutioners]] for the song "[[It's Goin' Down (X-Ecutioners song)|It's Goin' Down]]". ''Hybrid Theory'' led them to win a [[Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock Performance]] for the song "Crawling". They were also [[wikt:nominate|nominated]] for two other [[Grammy Award]]s: [[Grammy Award for Best New Artist|Best New Artist]] and [[Grammy Award for Best Rock Album|Best Rock Album]].<ref>United Stations Radio Network, [http://music.yahoo.com/read/news/12026293 Linkin Park's Grammy Noms Are Icing On The Cake] Retrieved on March 26, 2007</ref> MTV gave the band the awards of Best Rock Video and Best Direction for "In the End".<ref name=Ask-Bio/> Because of the band's Grammy win, the success of ''Hybrid Theory'' made them famous in the [[mainstream]]. At this time, Linkin Park had many invitations for them to perform on many famous concerts and tours like [[Ozzfest]], [[Family Values Tour]] and [[KROQ Almost Acoustic Christmas]].<ref name=MusicMight/><ref>MTV.com, [http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1451189/20011126/story.jhtml Linkin Park, P.O.D., Nickelback, More To Play LA’s KROQ Fest] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825152151/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1451189/20011126/story.jhtml |date=2009-08-25 }} Retrieved on March 26, 2007</ref> The band also made their own tour called "[[Projekt Revolution]]". It included others bands and singers like [[Cypress Hill]], [[Adema]], and [[Snoop Dogg]].<ref name=LPT/> In one year, they performed at 320 concerts.<ref name=Ask-Bio/> The band's memorable moments and performance were shown in their first DVD, ''[[Frat Party at the Pankake Festival]]''. It was released in [[November]] [[2001]]. Farrell then rejoined Linkin Park. They then began working on ''[[Reanimation]]'', an album that had [[remix]]es of songs from ''Hybrid Theory'' and their first EP. It was released on [[July 30]], [[2002]]. It has appearances by [[Black Thought]], [[Korn|Jonathan Davis]], [[Staind|Aaron Lewis]] and many other singers and rappers.<ref>United Stations Radio Network, [http://music.yahoo.com/read/news/12060732 Linkin Park’s 'Reanimation' Set For July 30] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070818122400/http://music.yahoo.com/read/news/12060732 |date=2007-08-18 }} Retrieved on March 26, 2007</ref> It became very successful. It started at #2 at the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] albums chart.<ref name="remix">Yahoo! Music, [http://music.yahoo.com/read/news/12026172 Linkin Park Remixes Chart With Number Two Debut] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070617044952/http://music.yahoo.com/read/news/12026172 |date=2007-06-17 }} Retrieved on March 26, 2007</ref> It sold almost 270,000 copies during its first week.<ref name=remix /> The album has only one single, "[[Pts.OF.Athrty]]", a remix of the ''Hybrid Theory'' song "Points of Authority". ''Hybrid Theory'' is also in the [[RIAA]]'s ''Top 100 Albums''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=tblDiamond |title=RIAA – Gold & Platinum – April 3, 2011 |publisher=Riaa.com |accessdate=2011-11-02 |archive-date=2013-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725044833/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=tblDiamond |url-status=dead }}</ref> === ''Meteora'' (2002–2004) === {{Main|Meteora (album)}} [[File:Linkin Park - Summer Sonic 2006.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Linkin Park at a concert in 2006]] After ''Hybrid Theory'' and ''Reanimation'' became very successful, Linkin Park spent a lot of time performing concerts around the [[United States]]. The band started working on new music, even with a very busy schedule. They used a short part of their free time in the studio in their tour bus.<ref name="dvd">Warner Bros. Records, "The Making of Meteora" (2003) DVD, Released on March 25, 2003.</ref> The band announced that they were making their new album in [[April]] [[2002]], it was initially planned to release between October and December (Q4) of that year but got delayed. They also said that the title was inspired by [[Meteora]], a rocky place in [[Greece]].<ref name="rocks">MTV.com, [http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1459710/01272003/linkin_Park.jhtml Linkin Park Get Their Tempers Under Control To Complete New LP] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001035755/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1459710/01272003/linkin_park.jhtml |date=2009-10-01 }} Retrieved on June 10, 2006</ref> Meteora has many [[Monastery|places of worship]] have been built on top of the rocks.<ref name=rocks /> ''[[Meteora (album)|Meteora]]'' shows the band mixing their [[nu metal]] and [[rapcore|punk rap]] styles with new special effects. Some of them include a [[shakuhachi]] (a [[Japan]]ese flute made of bamboo) and many other instruments.<ref name=Ask-Bio/> On [[March 25]], [[2003]], they released ''Meteora'' and instantly became popular around the world.<ref name=Ask-Bio/> It reached their first #1 in the US and UK and #2 in Australia.<ref name="Bio2" /> ''Meteora'' sold 800,000 albums in its first week. It ranked as the best selling album on the [[Billboard charts]] at that time.<ref>Yahoo! Music, [http://music.yahoo.com/read/news/12038512 Linkin Park 'Meteora' Debuts At Number One, Sets Aside Tix For Military] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070817193817/http://music.yahoo.com/read/news/12038512 |date=2007-08-17 }} Retrieved on April 8, 2007</ref> The album's singles are "[[Somewhere I Belong]]", "[[Faint (song)|Faint]]", "[[Numb (Linkin Park song)|Numb]]", "[[From the Inside (song)|From the Inside]]", "[[Lying from You]]" and "[[Breaking the Habit]]". Most of them always appeared in many radio stations.<ref>Yahoo! Music, [http://music.yahoo.com/read/news/12061738 Linkin Park Says 'Faint' Is Equal To Other Songs] Retrieved on April 8, 2007</ref> By [[October]] [[2003]], it had sold almost 3 million copies.<ref>LAUNCH Radio Networks, [http://music.yahoo.com/read/news/12043299 Linkin Park Album Certified Triple Platinum] Retrieved on April 8, 2007</ref> Because the album was a success, the band formed yet another Projekt Revolution tour. It featured other bands and artists including [[Mudvayne]], [[Blindside (band)|Blindside]] and [[Xzibit]].<ref name=Ask-Bio/> [[Metallica]] also invited Linkin Park to play at the Summer Sanitarium Tour 2003. It included very famous bands such as [[Limp Bizkit]], Mudvayne and [[Deftones]].<ref name="vh1">{{cite web|work=VH1.com|url=http://www.vh1.com/artists/az/linkin_park/bio.jhtml|title=Linkin Park: Biography|accessdate=8 April 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070503224054/http://www.vh1.com/artists/az/linkin_park/bio.jhtml|archivedate=3 May 2007}}</ref> The band released their first live album and third DVD, ''[[Live in Texas]]'', in [[November 18]], [[2003]]. It includes audio and video tracks of some of the band's concerts in Texas during their tour.<ref name=Ask-Bio/> In early 2004, Linkin Park started a tour around the world called ''Meteora World Tour''. Bands that were opening concerts on the tour included [[Hoobastank]], [[P.O.D.]], [[Story of the Year]] and [[Pia (band)|Pia]]. The band had many awards and honors because of ''Meteora''. The band won the MTV awards for Best Rock Video for "Somewhere I Belong" and the Viewer's Choice Award for "Breaking the Habit".<ref name="ring">Ringsurf.com, [http://www.ringsurf.com/info/Music/Rap/Linkin_Park/ Linkin Park Awards] Retrieved on April 4, 2007</ref> Linkin Park also won many awards during the 2004 [[Radio Music Awards]]. They won the Artist of the Year and Song of the Year ("Numb") awards.<ref name=ring/> Even though Meteora was not as popular as ''Hybrid Theory'', it was the third best selling album in America during 2003.<ref name=MusicMight/> The band toured in early 2004 around the world. They performed in their third Projekt Revolution tour and many European tours.<ref name=MusicMight/> The song, Breaking the Habit will be used in the Upcoming [[Canada|Canadian]] [[Cartoon series|Anime television series]], GoCards! as the theme song. === ''Collision Course'' and side projects (2004–2006) === [[File:Chester Bennington LP.JPG|thumb|right|150px|Bennington appears on the band's behalf at MTV Asia Aid]] After ''Meteora'' was successful, the band did not work on another album for over three years. Instead, they kept on performing at concerts and created side projects. Chester Bennington appeared on "State of the Art" by [[DJ Lethal]]. He also created a new band called [[Dead by Sunrise]], with the band members of [[Julien K]].<ref name=MusicMight/> Mike Shinoda also worked with [[Depeche Mode]].<ref name=MusicMight/> In [[2004]], the band started making a remix album with [[Jay-Z]] called ''[[Collision Course (album)|Collision Course]]''. The album, which included [[Remixing#Mashups|mash-ups]] of both Linkin Park and Jay-Z songs, was released in November 2004. The album's only single is "[[Numb/Encore]]", which was successful. Shinoda also created a new [[hip hop]] side project Fort Minor. With the help of Jay-Z, Fort Minor released its first album, ''[[The Rising Tied]]'', to very positive reviews.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.chartattack.com/news/40464/mike-shinodas-fort-minor-rise-to-the-occasion | title=Mike Shinoda's Fort Minor Rise To The Occasion | date=February 13, 2006 | first=Matt | last=Semansky | accessdate=November 17, 2008 | work=[[Chart (magazine)|Chart]] | archive-date=December 7, 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207085702/http://www.chartattack.com/news/40464/mike-shinodas-fort-minor-rise-to-the-occasion | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Machine Shop, [http://www.machineshopmarketing.com/teams/teamspage.asp?team=fortminor Fort Minor Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090127010718/http://machineshopmarketing.com/teams/teamspage.asp?team=fortminor |date=2009-01-27 }} Retrieved on April 23, 2007</ref> A the same time, the band was arguing with their record label, Warner Bros. Records. They were arguing because of many trust and money matters.<ref>Rolling Stone, [https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/linkin-park-want-out-of-contract-20050502 Linkin Park Want Out of Contract] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815190640/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/linkin-park-want-out-of-contract-20050502 |date=2017-08-15 }} Retrieved on May 12, 2007</ref> After many months, the band finally made a deal with them in December 2005.<ref>Contactmusic, [http://www.contactmusic.com/news-article/linkin-park-and-warner-kiss-and-make-up Linkin Park, Warner Bros. Kiss, Make Up] Retrieved on May 12, 2007</ref> The band also did a lot of charity. They raised money to help victims and survivors of [[Hurricane Charley]] in 2004 and later [[Hurricane Katrina]] in 2005.<ref name=MusicMight/> The band donated $75,000 to the [[Special Operations Warrior Foundation]] in March 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.specialops.org/news_past.asp|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701000311/http://www.specialops.org/news_past.asp|archivedate=1 July 2007|title=Linkin Park Donates $75,000 to the Warrior Foundation|work=Special Operations Warrior Foundation: News and Events Archive}}</ref> They also helped efforts for the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake|2004 Indian Ocean tsunami]] victims by performing in many charity concerts and starting their own charity, [[Music for Relief]].<ref>VoaNews, [http://www.voanews.com/english/news/a-13-2004-12-31-voa48.html Linkin Park Launches Relief Fund for Tsunami Victims; Backstreet Boys to Release New Album] Retrieved on May 12, 2007</ref> Their most famous charity concert was [[Live 8]], a number of concerts for charity for awareness worldwide.<ref name="liv8">The Linkin Park Times, [http://www.lptimes.com/news2005/july/live8live.html Live 8 Philadelphia 2005] Retrieved on May 12, 2007</ref> They performed with Jay-Z on Live 8's stage in [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania, with an audience around the world.<ref name="liv8"/> The band would later be reunited with Jay-Z at the [[48th Grammy Awards|2006 Grammy Awards]]. Linkin Park and Jay-Z performed "Numb/Encore" with [[Paul McCartney]] who added lyrics from the song "[[Yesterday (The Beatles song)|Yesterday]]". "Numb/Encore" won the [[Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration|Best Rap/Sung Collaboration]] award.<ref>About.com, [http://top40.about.com/b/a/207768.htm Jay-Z and Linkin Park to Mash-Up Onstage at the Grammys] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060629051112/http://top40.about.com/b/a/207768.htm |date=2006-06-29 }}, Retrieved on June 9, 2007</ref> They would later perform at the 2006 Summer Sonic music festival, which was hosted by [[Metallica]] in Japan.<ref>Summer Sonic 2006, [http://www.summersonic.com/06/ Summer Sonic 2006 Line-Up] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420151411/http://www.summersonic.com/06/ |date=2012-04-20 }}, Retrieved April 3, 2012</ref> === ''Minutes to Midnight'' (2006-2008) === {{Main|Minutes to Midnight}} In [[2006]], Linkin Park returned to the recording studio and began writing new songs. They chose producer [[Rick Rubin]] to help in the new album. Even when they said that the album will be released in 2006, the album was pushed to 2007 after realizing that they could not finish it in time.<ref name="No new">MTV.com, [http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1539802/20060830/linkin_park.jhtml Mike Shinoda Says 'No New Linkin Park Album In 2006 After All'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100403192025/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1539802/20060830/linkin_park.jhtml |date=2010-04-03 }}, Retrieved on June 9, 2007</ref> The band had recorded thirty to fifty songs in August 2006. Shinoda said the album was halfway done.<ref>MTV.com, [http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1530011/20060502/shinoda_mike.jhtml Mike Shinoda Says Linkin Park Halfway Done With New Album] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100916075117/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1530011/20060502/shinoda_mike.jhtml |date=2010-09-16 }}, Retrieved on June 9, 2007</ref> Bennington also said that the new album will no longer show their famous nu metal sound.<ref>MTV.com, [http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1541846/20060927/linkin_park.jhtml?headlines=true Linkin Park Say Nu-Metal Sound Is 'Completely Gone' On Next LP] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100701182442/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1541846/20060927/linkin_park.jhtml?headlines=true |date=2010-07-01 }}, Retrieved on June 9, 2007</ref> Warner Bros. then officially announced new album's title, ''[[Minutes to Midnight]]''. It was released in [[May 15]], [[2007]] in the United States.<ref name="title">MTV.com, [http://www.mtv.com/#/news/articles/1553982/20070306/linkin_park.jhtml Linkin Park Finish Apocalyptic Album, Revive Projekt Revolution Tour], Retrieved on June 9, 2007</ref> After 14 months of working on the album, they wanted to make the album better by taking five songs out from the original seventeen tracks. The album's title was a reference to [[Doomsday Clock]]. The title also suggested the album's lyrics and topics.<ref name=title /> The album sold more than 625,000 in its first week. It is one of the most successful starts for an album in recent years. The album also went to #1 on the Billboard Charts.<ref name="billm"/> The album's first single, "[[What I've Done]]", was released on [[April 2]], [[2007]]. The music video premiered on MTV and Fuse at the same week.<ref>Videostatic, [http://www.videostatic.com/vs/2007/week13/index.html#entry-32223480 MTV Adds for the Week of 4/2/07] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014172259/http://www.videostatic.com/vs/2007/week13/index.html#entry-32223480 |date=2012-10-14 }}, Retrieved on December 19, 2007.</ref> The single was loved by listeners, becoming #1 on ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'''s [[Modern Rock Tracks]] and [[Mainstream Rock Tracks]] charts.<ref>Billboard.com, [http://www.billboard.com/#/song/linkin-park/what-i-ve-done/12077002 Linkin Park - "What I've Done" Chart History] Retrieved on June 9, 2007</ref> The song is also in the soundtrack for the 2007 movie ''[[Transformers (movie)|Transformers]]''. Shinoda was also in on the [[Styles of Beyond]] song "Second to None" which was also included in the movie. Later in the year, the band won the "Favorite Alternative Artist" in the [[American Music Awards]].<ref>ShowBuzz.com, [http://www.showbuzz.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/11/19/music/main3519877.shtml American Music Awards – Winners List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705172537/http://www.showbuzz.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/11/19/music/main3519877.shtml |date=2008-07-05 }}, Retrieved on March 21, 2008.</ref> The albums's other singles are "[[Bleed It Out]]", "[[Shadow of the Day]]", "[[Given Up]]" and "[[Leave Out All the Rest]]". They were released from 2007 to [[2008]], and were successful. The band also made a single with [[Busta Rhymes]] called "[[We Made It (song)|We Made It]]", which was released on [[April 29]], 2008.<ref>[http://acharts.us/song/35392 – "We Made It" Music Charts (Canada)], ''aCharts''. Accessed May 12, 2008</ref> The band's concerts included a performance at [[Live Earth Japan]] on July 7, 2007.<ref>Billboard.com, [http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003608605 Linkin Park, Local Stars Kickstart Live Earth Japan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430153227/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003608605 |date=2011-04-30 }}, Retrieved on July 12, 2007</ref> and at [[Download Festival]] in Donington Park, England and [[Edgefest]] in [[Downsview Park]], [[Toronto]], Canada. The band finished their fourth Projekt Revolution tour. After that, they performed concerts at many arenas around the UK, including [[Nottingham]], [[Sheffield]] and [[Manchester]]. They performed for two nights at [[The O2 arena (London)|the O2 arena]] in London. Bennington also said that the band will make a new album after ''Minutes to Midnight''.<ref name="follow">Billboard.com, [http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003707157 Linkin Park Plans Quick 'Midnight' Follow Up] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208021006/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003707157 |date=2008-02-08 }}, Retrieved on February 13, 2008.</ref> However, he said that the band will first perform in the United States so they can have ideas for the next album.<ref name="follow"/> He told ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' that the band already started writing for the album.<ref>Rollingstone.com, [https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/chester-bennington-talks-new-band-dead-by-sunrise-next-linkin-park-album-20080512 Chester Bennington Talks New Band Dead by Sunrise, Next Linkin Park Album] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730114932/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/chester-bennington-talks-new-band-dead-by-sunrise-next-linkin-park-album-20080512 |date=2017-07-30 }}, Retrieved on May 14, 2008.</ref> Shinoda also said that the album will be released in the last part of 2009. Shinoda also announced a live CD/DVD called ''[[Road to Revolution: Live at Milton Keynes]]'', which was released [[November 24]], [[2008]]. It was recorded from their Projekt Revolution concert at the [[National Bowl|Milton Keynes Bowl]] on June 29, 2008. The band also released ''[[Songs From the Underground]]'', a compilation of previously unreleased songs. ===''A Thousand Suns'' (2008–2011)=== {{Main article|A Thousand Suns}} [[File:Mike Shinoda, Mr. Hahn & Chester Bennington, Linkin Park @ Sonisphere.jpg|230px|thumb|right|Linkin Park performing at Sonisphere Festival in Finland.]] In May 2009, the band said that they were working on a fourth studio album. They planned it to be released on 2010. Shinoda told [[IGN]] that the new album would be 'genre-busting.' They were taking themes and sounds from ''Minutes to Midnight''<ref>{{cite news | first=Chris | last=Carle | title=Linkin Park's Mike Shinoda | date=May 22, 2009 | publisher=IGN | url=http://music.ign.com/articles/996/996814p1.html | accessdate=March 12, 2010 | archive-date=June 25, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090625015122/http://music.ign.com/articles/996/996814p1.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> He also mentioned that the album would have more experiments and advanced than their other albums.<ref>{{cite magazine | first=Chris | last=Harris | title=Linkin Park Cooking Up Genre-Busting Album for 2010 | date=May 26, 2009 | url=https://www.rollingstone.com/rockdaily/index.php/2009/05/26/linkin-park-cooking-up-genre-busting-concept-album-for-2010/ | magazine=Rolling Stone | accessdate=March 12, 2010 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090530071156/http://www.rollingstone.com/rockdaily/index.php/2009/05/26/linkin-park-cooking-up-genre-busting-concept-album-for-2010/ | archivedate=May 30, 2009 | url-status=live }}</ref> Bennington also confirmed that Rick Rubin will return as a producer of the new album.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/linkin-park-on-new-album-a-thousand-suns-tour-20100709 |title=Linkin Park On New Album 'A Thousand Suns,' Tour |author=Wood, Mikael |date=July 9, 2010 |magazine=Rolling Stone |accessdate=March 18, 2012 |archive-date=June 28, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628235022/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/linkin-park-on-new-album-a-thousand-suns-tour-20100709 |url-status=dead }}</ref> While working on the new album, Linkin Park worked with famous movie music composer [[Hans Zimmer]] to make the [[Sheet music#Score|music]] for the movie ''[[Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen]]''.<ref>[http://mikeshinoda.com/2009/04/24/transformers-2-new-linkin-park-song-and-score/ Transformers 2: New Linkin Park Song and Score] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100120113029/http://mikeshinoda.com/2009/04/24/transformers-2-new-linkin-park-song-and-score/ |date=2010-01-20 }} ''MikeShinoda.com'' April 24, 2009.</ref> The band released a new single for the movie called "[[New Divide]]". Hahn directed the song's music video. It has scenes from the movie.<ref>{{cite news | first = Peter | last = Sciretta | title = Linkin Park's New Divide from Transformers 2 | date = May 18, 2009 | url = http://www.slashfilm.com/linkin-parks-new-divide-from-transformers-2/ | work=SlashFilm.com | accessdate =May 9, 2011}}</ref> In June 2009, the band performed at [[Westwood Village]] after the first showing of the movie.<ref>{{cite news | author = Shaun | title = Linkin Park Hits 'Transformers: Revenge Of The Fallen' LA Premiere | date = June 22, 2009 | work=Access Hollywood }}</ref> After finishing work on the movie, the band returned to the studio to finish their album.<ref>Shinoda, Mike [http://mikeshinoda.com/2010/06/12/quick-post/ Quick Post] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905215822/http://mikeshinoda.com/2010/06/12/quick-post/ |date=2014-09-05 }} Retrieved on June 16, 2010</ref> In late 2009, Bennington's band Dead by Sunrise finally released their album ''[[Out of Ashes]]''.<ref name="RSReady">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/linkin-parks-bennington-readies-side-project-dead-by-sunrise-20090709 |title=Linkin Park's Bennington Readies Side Project Dead By Sunrise |author=Kreps, Daniel |date=9 July 2009 |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |publisher=Rolling Stone |accessdate=15 July 2011 |archive-date=16 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916085431/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/linkin-parks-bennington-readies-side-project-dead-by-sunrise-20090709 |url-status=dead }}</ref> On January 19, 2010, the band released a new song entitled "Not Alone". It was part of a compilation from Music for Relief called ''[[Download to Donate for Haiti]]''. The compilation was to help the people hurt in the [[2010 Haiti earthquake]]. On February 10, 2010, the band released the official music video for the song. On April 26, the band released a game for the [[iPhone]], [[iPod Touch]], and [[iPad]], a game called ''[[8-Bit Rebellion!]]''<!--Don't add a period.--> In the game, the band members are characters that can be played. After beating the game, a new song called "Blackbirds" will be unlocked. The song was also later released as an [[iTunes]] bonus track on their new album. The band later revealed their new album's title is ''[[A Thousand Suns]]''. It was released on September 14.<ref>{{cite news | first=Ron | last=Brownlow | title=Pedal to the metal | date=July 7, 2009 | url =http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2009/07/08/2003448134 | work=Taipei Times | accessdate =March 12, 2010 }}</ref> The album's first single was "[[The Catalyst]]", released on August 2. The band performed at many concerts so that it can have attention. They started in Los Angeles on September 7.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.linkinpark.com/events/event/listFeatured |title=Linkin Park Official Tour Dates |publisher=Linkinpark.com |accessdate=August 26, 2010 |archive-date=June 25, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100625061956/http://www.linkinpark.com/events/event/listFeatured |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | first = Jon | last = Stickler | title = Linkin Park Announce Return To UK | date = June 15, 2010 | url = http://www.stereoboard.com/content/view/97638/46 | work=stereoboard | accessdate =July 4, 2010}}</ref><ref>[http://www.linkinpark.com/profiles/blogs/first-2010-linkin-park-tour First 2010 Linkin Park Tour Dates] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110223241/http://www.linkinpark.com/profiles/blogs/first-2010-linkin-park-tour |date=2013-11-10 }} Retrieved on June 6, 2010</ref> The band also used MySpace to get attention for their album. They released two songs called "Waiting for the End" and "Blackout" on September 8.<ref name="Shinoda">{{cite web |last=Shinoda |first=Mike |url=http://www.linkinpark.com/profiles/blogs/new-album-a-thousand-suns-out |title=NEW ALBUM, "A THOUSAND SUNS," OUT SEPTEMBER 14 |publisher=LinkinPark.com |date=July 8, 2010 |accessdate=August 26, 2010 |archive-date=July 11, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100711063302/http://www.linkinpark.com/profiles/blogs/new-album-a-thousand-suns-out |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=142742 |title=BLABBERMOUTH.NET – Linkin Park: New Album Title, Release Date Announced |work=[[Blabbermouth.net]] |publisher=[[Roadrunner Records]] |accessdate=July 8, 2010 |archive-date=July 12, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100712050326/http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=142742 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/#/news/linkin-park-to-release-new-album-a-thousand-1004103280.story|title=Linkin Park to Release New Album, 'A Thousand Suns,' Sept. 14 |magazine=Billboard |accessdate=July 13, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.noisecreep.com/2010/09/08/linkin-park-waiting-for-the-end-blackout-new-songs/ |title=Linkin Park, 'Waiting for the End' and 'Blackout' – New Songs |date=September 12, 2010|accessdate=September 12, 2010}}</ref> They also made a "making of" of the album, entitled ''Meeting of A Thousand Suns''. It was also shown in their MySpace page. It was included in the album's deluxe edition. On August 31, it was told that the band would perform the song live for the first time live at the [[2010 MTV Video Music Awards]] on September 12, 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1646869/20100831/linkin_park.jhtml|title=Linkin Park Will Perform 'The Catalyst' At 2010 VMAs|date=August 31, 2010|last=Montgomery|first=James|work=MTV|accessdate=August 31, 2010|archive-date=September 1, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100901055019/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1646869/20100831/linkin_park.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> They performed the song at the [[Griffith Observatory]]. It was a famous place used in many movies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.blackrootsradio.com/artist-news/38977-linkin-parks-surprise-vma-location-story-behind-griffith-park-observatory|title=Linkin Park's Surprise VMA Location: Story Behind Griffith Park Observatory|date=September 12, 2010|accessdate=September 12, 2010|archive-date=July 8, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708012521/http://www.blackrootsradio.com/artist-news/38977-linkin-parks-surprise-vma-location-story-behind-griffith-park-observatory|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1647676/20100912/linkin_park.jhtml |title=Linkin Park Get Cosmic For VMA Performance |website=[[MTV]] |date=September 12, 2010 |accessdate=September 12, 2010 |archive-date=September 15, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100915183938/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1647676/20100912/linkin_park.jhtml |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://buzzworthy.mtv.com/2010/09/12/linkin-park-vma-rehearsal-photos/ |title=Live Review Go Inside Linkin Park's Secret VMA Rehearsal! |date=August 31, 2010 |accessdate=September 12, 2010 |archive-date=September 14, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100914201013/http://buzzworthy.mtv.com/2010/09/12/linkin-park-vma-rehearsal-photos |url-status=dead }}</ref> The album reached #1 on the ''Billboard'' 200 chart.<ref name="billboard 200">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.billboard.com/#/news/linkin-park-and-trey-songz-debut-at-nos-1004115895.story?tag=newstop1 |title=Linkin Park and Trey Songz Debut At Nos. 1 & 2 on Billboard 200 |last=Caulfield |first=Keith |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=September 22, 2010 |accessdate=September 22, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100922013600/http://www.billboard.com//| archivedate= September 22, 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> The album's other singles were "[[Waiting for the End]]", "[[Burning in the Skies]]" and "[[Iridescent (song)|Iridescent]]". On April 13, 2011, Shinoda said that "Iridescent" is part of the soundtrack of the movie ''[[Transformers: Dark of the Moon]]''. This continued Linkin Park songs being the theme songs of the [[Transformers (movie)|''Transformers'' movies]] (after "What I've Done" and "New Divide").<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.linkinpark.com/profiles/blogs/iridescent-transformers-3| title=Iridescent: Transformers 3 Single| date=April 13, 2011| accessdate=April 14, 2011| archive-date=April 17, 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110417154820/http://www.linkinpark.com/profiles/blogs/iridescent-transformers-3| url-status=dead}}</ref> The band did more charity work. On January 11, 2011, they started the new version of ''Download to Donate for Haiti''. It was called ''Download to Donate for Haiti V2.0'', with more songs to download. For the new compilation, the band released a remix of "The Catalyst" by Keaton Hashimoto from the "Linkin Park featuring YOU" contest.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.linkinpark.com/profiles/blogs/the-catalyst-featuring-keaton |title="The Catalyst," featuring Keaton Hashimoto, added to Download to Donate |publisher=Linkinpark.com |date=2011-01-12 |accessdate=2011-11-02 |archive-date=2011-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930180259/http://www.linkinpark.com/profiles/blogs/the-catalyst-featuring-keaton |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shinoda designed two T-shirts, so that the money earned will help the victims of the [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami]] disasters.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.musicforrelief.org/profiles/blogs/tshirts-designed-by-mike |title=T-Shirts Designed By Mike Shinoda To Benefit Tsunami Relief |publisher=Musicforrelief.org |date=2011-03-14 |accessdate=2011-11-02 |archive-date=2011-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013111656/http://www.musicforrelief.org/profiles/blogs/tshirts-designed-by-mike |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1659807/lady-gaga-japan-earthquake.jhtml |title=Lady Gaga, Linkin Park Urge Fans To Help Japan Earthquake Victims |author=Gil Kaufman |date=March 14, 2011 |publisher=MTV |work=MTV |accessdate=March 21, 2011 |archive-date=March 17, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110317022011/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1659807/lady-gaga-japan-earthquake.jhtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> Music For Relief also released ''Download to Donate: Tsunami Relief Japan'', another compilation of songs. The money earned went to [[Save the Children]] to help the victims.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.musicforrelief.org/profiles/blogs/funds-raised-for-japan-relief |title=Funds Raised For Japan Relief Effort To Support Save The Children |publisher=Musicforrelief.org |date=2011-03-16 |accessdate=2011-11-02 |archive-date=2011-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111014015355/http://www.musicforrelief.org/profiles/blogs/funds-raised-for-japan-relief |url-status=dead }}</ref> The album helped the band reach many year-end positions. Linkin Park reached No.8 in ''Billboard'' Social 50, a chart of artists that use many social networking sites.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/social-50?tag=chscr1#/charts/social-50?tag=chscr1 |title=Current Billboard Social 50 |publisher=Billboard.com |date=2011-10-29 |accessdate=2011-11-02}}</ref> In other ''Billboard'' Year-End charts, the band reached No.92 in the "Top Artists" chart,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.billboard.com/charts-year-end/top-artists?year=2010#/charts-year-end/top-artists?year=2010&begin=91&order=position |title=Billboard Best of 2010 Top Artists |publisher=Billboard.com |date=2010-12-31 |accessdate=2011-11-02 |archive-date=2012-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109170520/http://www.billboard.com/charts-year-end/top-artists?year=2010#/charts-year-end/top-artists?year=2010&begin=91&order=position |url-status=dead }}</ref> as well as ''A Thousand Suns'' reaching No.53 in the Year-End chart of the ''Billboard'' Top 200 albums<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.billboard.com/charts-year-end/the-billboard-200?year=2010#/charts-year-end/the-billboard-200?year=2010&begin=41&order=position |title=Billboard Top 200 Year End |publisher=Billboard.com |date=2010-12-31 |accessdate=2011-11-02 |archive-date=2012-07-21 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120721132930/http://www.billboard.com/charts-year-end/the-billboard-200?year=2010%23/charts-year-end/the-billboard-200?year=2010#/charts-year-end/the-billboard-200?year=2010&begin=41&order=position |url-status=dead }}</ref> and No.7 in the 2010 Year-End Rock Albums, and "The Catalyst" reaching No.40 in the Year-End Rock Songs chart.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.billboard.com/charts-year-end/hot-rock-songs?year=2010#/charts-year-end/hot-rock-songs?year=2010&begin=31&order=position |title=Billboard 2010 Year-End Top Rock Songs |publisher=Billboard.com |date=2010-12-31 |accessdate=2011-11-02 |archive-date=2012-12-16 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121216044030/http://www.billboard.com/charts-year-end/hot-rock-songs?year=2010%23/charts-year-end/hot-rock-songs?year=2010&begin=31&order=position#/charts-year-end/hot-rock-songs?year=2010&begin=31&order=position |url-status=dead }}</ref> The band charted in many ''Billboard'' Year-End charts in 2011. The band was No.39 in the Top Artists Chart,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/#/charts-year-end/top-artists?year=2011&begin=31&order=position |title=Billboard Best of 2011 Top Artists |publisher=Billboard.com |date=December 2011 |accessdate=24 December 2011}}</ref> No.84 in the ''Billboard'' 200 Artists chart,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/#/charts-year-end/the-billboard-200-artists?year=2011&begin=81&order=position |title=Billboard Best of 2011 Billboard 200 Artists |publisher=Billboard.com |date=December 2011 |accessdate=24 December 2011}}</ref> No.11 in the Social 50 Chart,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/#/charts-year-end/social-50-artists?year=2011&begin=11&order=position |title=Billboard Best of 2011 Social 50 |publisher=Billboard.com |date=December 2011 |accessdate=24 December 2011}}</ref> No.6 in the Top Rock Artists Chart,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/#/charts-year-end/top-rock-artists?year=2011 |title=Billboard Best of 2011 Top Rock Artists |publisher=Billboard.com |date=December 2011 |accessdate=24 December 2011}}</ref> No.9 in the Rock Songs Artists Chart,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/#/charts-year-end/hot-rock-songs-artist?year=2011 |title=Billboard Best of 2011 Rock Songs Artists |publisher=Billboard.com |date=December 2011 |accessdate=24 December 2011}}</ref> No.16 in the Rock Albums Chart,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/#/charts-year-end/top-rock-album-artists?year=2011&begin=11&order=position |title=Billboard Best of 2011 Rock Albums Artists |publisher=Billboard.com |date=December 2011 |accessdate=24 December 2011}}</ref> No.4 in the Hard Rock Albums Chart,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/#/charts-year-end/top-hard-rock-album-artists?year=2011 |title=Billboard Best of 2011 Hard Rock Albums Artists |publisher=Billboard.com |date=December 2011 |accessdate=24 December 2011}}</ref> and No.7 in the Alternative Songs Chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/#/charts-year-end/hot-alternative-artists?year=2011 |title=Billboard Best of 2011 Alternative Songs Artists |publisher=Billboard.com |date=December 2011 |accessdate=24 December 2011}}</ref> ===''Living Things'' (2012-2014)=== {{Main article|Living Things}} {{update}} In 2012, The band released ''Living Things'', which saw an exploration into a more electronica based sound. From this album came the songs "Castle of Glass", which was used in the 2012 videogame ''Medal of Honor: Warfighter'', "Roads Untraveled", which was used in the 2014 film ''Need For Speed'', and "Powerless", which was used in the 2012 film ''Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter.'' Like the last album, this one explored a lot of different sounds. Some fans loved it, and others disliked it. The album itself sold over 2.5 Million copies as of 2013. It quickly rose to No. 1 in the Billboard Top 200 Chart. An extremely successful album for the band, they went on to tour for the next few years. === ''The Hunting Party'' (2014-2017) === {{Main article|The Hunting Party}} In 2014, the band once again decided to change their style for the new album. Mike Shinoda stated that he wished to create a more traditional Rock sound after listening to the radio one day. The band decided to make the music that ''they'' wanted to hear. The album was explosive, loud and possibly the heaviest they had been yet. They decided not to have Rick Rubin produce this album, for the first time in 3 consecutive albums. It features guest appearances by Page Hamilton of the band ''Helmet'', rapper Rakim, Daron Malakian of the band ''System of a Down'', and Tom Morello of the band ''Rage Against the Machine''. The album produced five singles; "Guilty All the Same", "Until It's Gone", "Wastelands", "Rebellion", and "Final Masquerade". It was well received by critics and fans alike, and reached No. 3 on Billboard 200. === ''One More Light'' and Chester Bennington's death (2015—2017) === In early 2017, the band released the new single from their latest album, called "Heavy", featuring new artist Kiiara. Fans immediately reacted with polarised responses. Some loved the new direction taken by the band, which can be described as "Poppy", whereas others disliked it, calling Linkin Park "Sellouts". The Official Lyrics video got some of the highest dislikes of any Linkin Park video on YouTube. Frustrated with the response from fans, Chester Bennington became angry on several occasions, though publicly apologized later on, saying that he understands the fans' perspective, is grateful to all of their fans, and that he should rethink his own perspective. Despite the polarizing response from critics and fans alike, the album became extremely successful. Like before, it reached No. 1 on Billboard 200, and was certified gold in several countries. The album features Kiiara, Pusha T, and Stormzy as special guest artists. After touring ''The Hunting Party'', the band decided to write songs with outside help. They teamed up with several big names in the music industry, with a focus on writing lyrics before music, something they had not really experimented with before. They said that they wanted to attempt to do away with any notion of genre. When strangely ridiculed about the lack of guitar and drums on the album, based purely on their first release of "Heavy", Brad Delson responded by saying that actually, there is a lot of guitar in the album. He then went on to list the songs "Sharp Edges", "Invisible" and "Sorry For Now" as having lots of layers of different guitars each. The album produced several singles; "Heavy", "Talking to Myself" and "One More Light", the song for which the album is named. This is the first time that Linkin Park have named an album after a song. Mike Shinoda described the album as "risky". The band had been following a traditionally rock oriented sound, and this marked a big change from that style. Instead of focusing on anger, betrayal or other negative emotions, as they had been known for in the past, many of the songs focus on family, friends, and emotions. For instance, the songs "Invisible" and "Sorry For Now" both focus on the band member's children, and the title song "One More Light" is about remembering, and caring about someone after they have died. Chester Bennington's close friend and musician Chris Cornell committed suicide by hanging. When Chester heard the news, it made him extremely upset, as the pair had known each other for years. Cornell had performed on stage with Bennington in the past, and was even the godfather of some of his children. The loss of his friend affected him and the band so much that they decided to perform the song "One More Light" in his memory at the ''Jimmy Kimmel Live!'' Show in Los Angeles, rather than perform a more commercially viable song from the album. It was a fitting song for them at that time because of its themes of dealing with the loss of a friend or loved one. After his death, Bennington said "I can't imagine a world without you in it" about Cornell. Chester began to talk more openly about some of his struggles. He had previously revealed that he was a victim of child abuse and rape, but also talked about his mental issues, as well as his battles with drugs and alcohol. He described his depression and anxiety in several talk shows, and stated that he sometimes feels very upset with himself. At Cornell's funeral, Chester sang Leonard Cohen's "Hallelujah". Midway through the ''One More Light Tour'', On July 20th 2017, Linkin Park released a music video for "Talking to Myself" on YouTube. They were unaware that the same morning, Chester Bennington had died in his home in Los Angeles at the age of 41. News reports surfaced across the internet, and fans began to panic. On Twitter, Mike Shinoda posted:<blockquote>"Shocked and heartbroken, but it's true. An official statement will come out as soon as we have one".</blockquote>His death was ruled as a suicide by hanging. A half-empty bottle of alcohol was found at the scene, but no other drugs were found. His housekeeper discovered his body around 9:00&nbsp;a.m. PDT. The band, friends, family and fans all paid tribute to Chester. A trending Twitter hashtag surfaced, "#RIPChester", which was used several million times, and simply listening to Linkin Park songs, fans managed to populate, and even completely fill charts with many classic Linkin Park songs, even some from ''Meteora'' and ''Hybrid Theory'', which at the time were over 13 years old. Remembrance events were held by fans, who attended in their thousands, paying tribute to the late artist by singing songs, lighting candles and creating memorials to Chester. His funeral was held on July 29th, at South Botanic Garden in Palos Verdes, California. Many musical tributes were held in his memory, and he was buried there. On September 18th 2017, Linkin Park released the music video for the song "One More Light", dedicated to Chester. The song has gained nearly 1 million likes on YouTube, and has had 27 million views. === Reformation and new singer (2024—present) === On a September 5, 2024 [[Livestreaming|livestream]], the band announced that they would be reforming and that [[Emily Armstrong]] would be their new singer.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2024/music/news/linkin-park-emily-armstrong-new-singer-from-zero-album-tour-1236120238/|accessdate=September 7, 2024|title=Linkin Park Selects Emily Armstrong From Rock Band Dead Sara as New Singer, Reveals Tour and Album 'From Zero'|publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> There was some controversy over this because of Armstrong's support of [[Danny Masterson]] during his sexual assault trial and her association with the [[Church of Scientology]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2024/music/news/linkin-park-emily-armstrong-new-singer-from-zero-album-tour-1236120238/|accessdate=September 7, 2024|title=Linkin Park Selects Emily Armstrong From Rock Band Dead Sara as New Singer, Reveals Tour and Album 'From Zero'|publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> Armstrong would later state that she condemned Masterson's actions and had not been in contact with his since the trial.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/new-linkin-park-vocalist-emily-armstrong-issues-statement-on-former-support-of-danny-masterson-3791563|accessdate=September 7, 2024|title=New Linkin Park vocalist Emily Armstrong issues statement on former support of Danny Masterson|publisher=[[NME]]}}</ref> During their livestream, the band also played their new song "[[The Emptiness Machine]]" and announced their next album ''[[From Zero (album)|From Zero]]'', as well as a six-continent; six date tour.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/linkin-park-new-singer-album-9259986bd153e5b70202681dd06cb015|accessdate=September 7, 2024|title=Linkin Park reunite 7 years after Chester Bennington's death, with new music|publisher=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> == Members == === Current members === * [[Mike Shinoda]] - [[Singing|Vocals]], [[rhythm guitar]], [[Keyboard instrument|keyboards]], [[piano]] (1996-Now) * [[Dave Farrell|Dave "Phoenix" Farrell]] - [[Bass guitar]], [[Singing|Vocals]], [[Sampling (music)|samples]] (1996-1999, then 2001-Now) * [[Brad Delson]] - [[Lead guitar]], [[Singing|Vocals]] (1996-Now) * [[Emily Armstrong]] – [[Singing|lead vocals]] (2023–Now) * [[Colin Brittain]] – [[Drum kit|drums]], [[Percussion instrument|percussion]] (2023–Now) * [[Joe Hahn]] "Mr. Hahn" - [[Turntable]], [[Sampling (music)|samples]], [[Programming (music)|programming]], keyboards, backing vocals (1996-Now) === Former members === * Mark Wakefield - singing (1996-1998) * Kyle Christener - bass (1998-1999) * Ian Hornbeck – bass (2000) * Scott Koziol - bass (1999-2001) * [[Chester Bennington]] - [[Singing|Vocals]], [[rhythm guitar]] (1999-2017; his death) * [[Rob Bourdon]] - [[Drum kit|Drums]], [[Percussion instrument|percussion]] (1996-2017) == Albums == === Studio albums === * ''[[Hybrid Theory]]'' ([[2000]]) * ''[[Meteora (album)|Meteora]]'' ([[2003]]) * ''[[Minutes to Midnight]]'' ([[2007]]) * ''[[A Thousand Suns]]'' ([[2010]]) * ''[[Living Things]]'' ([[2012]]) * [[The Hunting Party (album)|''The Hunting Party'']] ([[2014]]) * [[One More Light (album)|''One More Light'']] ([[2017]]) * ''[[From Zero]]'' ([[2024]]) === Other albums === * ''[[Xero]]'', a demo tape ([[1996]]) * ''[[Hybrid Theory EP]]'' ([[1998]]/[[2001]] re-release) * ''[[Reanimation]]'' ([[2002]]) * ''[[Live In Texas]]'' ([[2003]]) * ''[[Collision Course (album)|Collision Course]]'' ([[2004]]) <small>(with [[Jay-Z]])</small> * "iTunes Live from SoHo" ([[2008]]) * ''[[Road to Revolution: Live at Milton Keynes]]'' ([[2008]]) * ''[[Songs from the Underground]]'' ([[2008]]) * "[[Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen – The Score]]" ([[2009]]) <small>(with [[Steve Jablonsky]])</small> * "[[8-Bit Rebellion! (soundtrack)|8-Bit Rebellion!]]" ([[2010]]) * "[[A Decade Underground]]" ([[2010]]) * "[[Underground X: Demos]]" ([[2010]]) * "[[A Thousand Suns+]]" ([[2011]]) * "Studio Collection 2000–2012" ([[2013]]) * "[[Living Things +]]" ([[2013]]) * "[[Recharged]]" ([[2013]]) * "[[A Light That Never Comes (Remixes)]]" ([[2014]]) <small>(with [[Steve Aoki]])</small> * ''Lost Demos Released: November 24, 2023'' * ''Papercuts Released: April 12, 2024'' == References == {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} == Other websites == * [http://linkinpark.com Linkin Park web site] * [http://www.myspace.com/linkinpark Linkin Park web site] on [[MySpace]] * [http://www.minutes2midnight.com Minutes to Midnight album website] {{Linkin Park}} [[Category:1996 establishments in California]] [[Category:1990s American music groups]] [[Category:2000s American music groups]] [[Category:2010s American music groups]] [[Category:American heavy metal bands]] [[Category:Linkin Park| ]] [[Category:Musical groups established in 1996]] [[Category:Musical groups from California]] [[Category:Nu metal bands]] [[Category:Warner Bros. Records artists]] ghxorse7jabzyg2h8t0ysc7l9dtl6zd 0 38329 10367627 10362563 2025-07-02T12:52:50Z 38.226.18.206 10367627 wikitext text/x-wiki :''Not to be confused with [[mourning]].'' [[File:Morning, just after sunrise, Namibia.jpg|thumb|Morning, just after [[sunrise]] on a [[farm]] in [[Namibia]] (2014)]] '''Morning''' is period from 06:00 until 11:59.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/morning?view=uk |title=Oxford Dictionary |access-date=2019-04-24 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053126/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/morning?view=uk |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://www.timeanddate.com/sun/uk/london timeanddate.com]</ref> ==Morning activities== Many people use the morning as a time to get ready for the [[day]]. This includes things like taking a shower, eating a meal (called breakfast, because you break the [[Fasting|fast]] of the night) and getting dressed. Then many people go to [[Employment|work]] or [[school]]. Many people buy a morning [[newspaper]] to read about what is going on in the world. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{stub}} [[Category:Basic English 850 words]] [[Category:Parts of a day]] insyshuaus9besxmlsfe0onya7f0jlo 0 39253 10368650 10089138 2025-07-03T01:43:43Z Jdhidijdjdj 1301875 Capitalize the "T" in "Toon". 10368650 wikitext text/x-wiki {{About|Disney's online video game|other uses with the name "Toontown"|Toontown (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox video game | collapsible = no | state = | italic title = | title = Disney's Toontown Online | image = | alt = | caption = | developer = [[Walt Disney Internet Group|Disney's Virtual Reality Studio]]<ref name="press release">{{cite press release|title=Disney's Toontown Online to Launch June 2003 |url=http://corporate.disney.go.com/wdig/online_releases/2003/2003_0505_wdig.html|url-status=dead|location=North Hollywood, CA|publisher=The Walt Disney Company|date=2003-05-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041127025937/http://corporate.disney.go.com/wdig/online_releases/2003/2003_0505_wdig.html|archivedate=2004-11-27|accessdate=2018-04-04}}</ref><br/>[[Schell Games]]<ref name="schell games">{{cite web|title=Games developed by Schell Games|url=http://www.schellgames.com/games/toontown/|accessdate=2018-04-06|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430022139/https://www.schellgames.com/games/toontown/|archivedate=2018-04-30}}</ref><ref name="schell interview">{{cite news|last=Takahashi|first=Dean|date=2017-07-30|title=Schell Games builds games that change players for the better|url=https://venturebeat.com/2017/07/30/schell-games-builds-games-that-change-players-for-the-better/view-all/|website=VentureBeat|publisher=VentureBeat|access-date=2018-04-07|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413125557/https://venturebeat.com/2017/07/30/schell-games-builds-games-that-change-players-for-the-better/view-all/|archivedate=2018-04-13}}</ref><br/>[[Frogchildren Studios]]<ref name="frogchildren">{{cite web|title=Frogchildren Studios Games Artwork|url=http://www.frogchildren.com/w/distt.html|accessdate=2018-04-06|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430022659/http://www.frogchildren.com/w/distt.html|archivedate=2018-04-30}}</ref><ref name="hanna interview">{{cite news|last=Boyer|first=Brandon|date=2008-09-29|title=Getting Lively|url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/getting-lively|website=GamesIndustry.biz|publisher=GamesIndustry.biz|access-date=2018-04-08|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413124751/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/getting-lively|archivedate=2018-04-13}}</ref> | publisher = [[The Walt Disney Company]] | engine = | platforms = [[Microsoft Windows]]<br/>[[Mac OS X]]<ref name="macos">{{cite news|author=GamesIndustry International|title=Disney's Toontown Online Now Available For Macintosh|url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/disneys-toontown-online-now-available-for-macintosh|website=GamesIndustry.biz |publisher=GamesIndustry.biz|date=2006-11-28|access-date=2018-04-09|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413124948/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/disneys-toontown-online-now-available-for-macintosh|archivedate=2018-04-13}}</ref> | released = 2 June 2003 | genre = [[MMORPG]] | modes = [[Multiplayer video game|Multiplayer]] | designer = Jesse Schell<ref name="schell 2017">{{cite AV media |people=Jesse Schell, Shawn Patton|date=2017-07-28|title="What Makes Toontown Special? &#124; Toonfest 2017|medium=Online video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hJ6KbF29lDc|access-date=2018-04-11|publisher=YouTube|quote=I am Jesse Schell, CEO of Schell Games, and at one time, I was the design director for Toontown Online.}}</ref> }} '''''Disney's Toontown Online''''', also called as '''''Toontown Online''''' or '''''Toontown''''', was an [[online]] [[video game]] created by [[The Walt Disney Company]]. The game was an [[MMORPG]], where a lot of people play at one time. It was released in 2003,<ref name="press release"/> and closed in 2013.<ref name="closing news">{{cite web|title=Disney's Toontown Online: About Closing|url=http://toontown.go.com/closing|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130820194414/http://toontown.go.com/closing|archive-date=2013-08-20|publisher=The Walt Disney Company|accessdate=2018-04-05}}</ref> Players live life as a [[Toon]] in [[Toontown]]. Players can make a duck, bear, mouse, rabbit, dog, cat, horse, pig, or [[monkey]]. ==Game's purpose== Players try to live life as a [[Toon]], play games on the [[Trolley]] and make new friends. But it's not all [[paradise]]. Evil [[robot]]s called "Cogs" have taken over, and "gags" (cartoon fun) are used to defeat them. There is not a purpose that players have to go by. A player can choose to be the top racer or to have the most "laff points". Many people like it because of this. Some users even dare to become "ubers", Toons with better gags but poor laff. ==References== {{Reflist|2}} == Other websites == *[http://www.disney.com Disney] *[http://comradescornerblog.blogspot.com/2013/05/work-vs-play-story-behind-disneys.html Work vs. Play: The Story Behind Disney's Toontown Online], community member [[Comrade]]'s journalism blog<!-- The blog tells about the design and development history of the game, more like a documentary, and doesn't include personal opinions. --> {{video-game-stub}} [[Category:2003 video games]] [[Category:Disney video games]] [[Category:MacOS games]] [[Category:Massively multiplayer online role-playing games]] [[Category:Multiplayer online games]] [[Category:Video games about animals]] [[Category:Video games developed in the United States]] [[Category:Windows games]] p70x25i15qkb9ur66xxc0faiceu1cdk 0 41014 10367745 10366135 2025-07-02T14:29:38Z Miniapolis 471808 /* Cheemas today */Partial copyedit, cleanup 10367745 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cheema''' (Shahmukhi: '''چیمہ''', : '''ਚੀਮਾ'''), also spelled '''Chima''', is a group of [[Jats]] in [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] who are known as warriors.<ref name="ReferenceA">''(Glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|NWFP]], H A Rose)''</ref> Jats are a large group in the [[Punjab region]], and Cheemas are a major Jat sub-clan. They speak [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], and are often large landowners. Most Cheema clans who are [[Muslim]]s live in West [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]], and many [[Sikh]]s live in the East Punjab of India.{{fact|date=May 2025}} == History == The Cheema tribe was called "Shaka" in India, from the name ([[Saka]]) used by the Persians. After the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' wars (1500-500 BC), the Shakas often mentioned in texts like the Puranas, the [[Manusmriti]], the ''[[Ramayana]]'', the ''[[Mahabharata]]'', the Mahabhasiya by [[Patanjali]], the Brhat Samhita of Vraha Mihira, the Kavyamimamsa, the Brihat-Katha-Manjari, and the Katha-Saritsagara.<ref>Chowduri, J. (2012). Caste system, social inequalities and reservation policy in india: Class, caste, social policy and governance through social justice. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing.</ref> The "Sikh Jatts" (Cheema, Sandhu and Gill) live in the Indian Punjab, the "Muslim Jutts" (Chattha, Cheema and Warraich) live in the Pakistani Punjab, and the Cheema/Chattha Jatts are said to be descended from Maharaja Prithvi Raj Chohan, the sovereign of [[Delhi]].{{Cn|date=May 2025}} === <span class="anchor" id="Invasion of India (180 BC onward)"></span>Invasion of India (after 180 BC) === The Vanaparava of the ''Mahabharata'' has a [[prophecy]] that the kings of the Shakas, Yavanas, Kambojas, Bahlikas, and Abhiras would rule poorly during the [[Kali Yuga]] (MBH 3/188/34-36). === Alexander's invasion of Punjab === [[Alexander the Great|Alexander]] took over the [[Achaemenid dynasty|Achaemenid Empire]] in 331 BC, and marched into present-day [[Afghanistan]] with an army of 50,000. His scribes do not mention [[Gandhara]] or [[Kamboja]]; instead, they name twelve small countries in those territories. This means that Gandhara and Kamboja were not have been very great [[kingdom]]s in the late 4th century BC. In 326 BC, most of these twelve or so countries in the Gandhara Kamboja [[Mahajanapadas]] were taken over by the [[Macedon]]ian conqueror. Alexander invited the chieftains of the former satrapy of Gandhara to come to him and submit to his authority. [[Ambhi]], ruler of [[Taxila]], whose kingdom extended from the [[Indus River|Indus]] to the Hydaspes ([[Jhelum River|Jhelum]]), agreed. After confirming him as [[satrap]], Alexander marched against the [[Saka]]s (Cheemas are considered to be descendants of the Sakas) and Kamboja highlanders of the [[Kunar River|Kunar]] and [[Swat River|Swat]] [[valley]]s known in Greek texts as [[Aspasios]] and [[Assakenois]] and in Indian texts as [[Ashvayana]] and [[Ashvakayana]] who had refused to submit to Alexander.<ref>For Kamboja and [[Ashvaka]] (Assakenois/Aspasios) relations, see: ''Panjab Past and Present'', pp. 9-10; ''History of Porus'', pp. 12, 38, Buddha Parkash; ''Histoire du Bouddhisme Indien'', p 110, E. Lamotte; ''Political History of Ancient India'' (1996), p 133, 216-17, (and commentary p 576 fn 22), H. C. Raychaudhury, B. N. Mukerjee; ''Hindu Polity'' (1978), pp 121, 140, K. P. Jayswal; ''Ancient Kamboja, People and Country'' (1981), pp 271-72, 278, J. L. Kamboj; ''These Kamboj People'' (1979), pp 119, 192, K. S. Dardi; ''Kambojas Through the Ages'' (2005), pp 129, 218-19, S Kirpal Singh. J. W. McCrindle says that present-day Afghanistan{{snd}}the Kaofu (Kambu) of [[Hiun Tsang]]{{snd}}was the ancient Kamboja, and the name [[Afghan]] evidently derives from the Ashavakan, the Assakenoi of Arrian (''Alexandra's Invasion of India'', p 38; Megasthenes and Arrian, p 180, J. McCrindle); Thomas H. Holdich, in ''The Gates of India'' (pp 102-03), writes that the [[Aspasians]] ([[Aspasios]]) represent the modern [[Kafirs]]. But the modern Kafirs, especially the [[Siah-Posh Kafirs]] ([[Kamoz]]/[[Camoje]], [[Kamtoz]]), are considered to be descendants of the ancient Kambojas. Other scholars attesting the Ashvakan-Kamboja equation are Romilla Thapar and R. C. Majumdar.</ref> The Ashvayan, Ashvakayan, Kamboja and allied Saka [[clan]]s offered tough resistance to the invader; Ashvakayan women took up arms and joined their men on the field, preferring "a glorious death to a life of dishonor".<ref>Diodorus in Mcgrindle, p 370</ref> Alexander then marched east to the [[Hydaspes]], where [[Porus]], ruler of the kingdom between the Hydaspes (Jhelum) and the Akesines (Chenab), refused to submit to him. The two armies fought the [[Battle of the Hydaspes River]] on the riverbank outside the town of Nikaia (near present-day Jhelum). Porus's army fought bravely, but was no match for Alexander's. When the defiant Raja (wounded and having lost his sons) was brought before Alexander, Alexander asked him, "How should I treat you?" Porus answered, "The way a king treats another king". Alexander returned the conquered kingdom to Porus and added the land between the Akesines (Chenab) and the Hydraotis (Ravi), whose ruler had fled. Alexander's army crossed the Hydraotis and marched east to the Hesidros (Beas). His troops refused to march further east and Alexander turned back, following the Jhelum and the Indus to the Arabian Sea and sailing to Babylon. In the middle of the [[2nd century BC]], the [[Yuezhi]] tribe of present-day China moved west into Central Asia; this caused the Sakas (Scythians) to move west and south. The Northern Sakas (also known as the [[Indo-Scythian]]s) moved into Bactria and crossed the [[Hindu Kush]] into India, successfully taking power from the Indo-Greeks. They were followed by the Yuezhi, who were known in India as the [[Kushan]]s or Kushanas. The Kushanas founded a kingdom in the 1st century that lasted for several centuries. The Indo-Scythians and the Kushans embraced [[Buddhism]] and absorbed elements of Indo-Greek art and culture. Another [[Central Asia]]n people who settled in Punjab were the [[Hephthalite]]s (White Huns), who continuously campaigned from across the Hindu Kush and established their rule in India in the fifth century. === Muhammed Bin Qasim's invasion of Punjab === Many Cheemas were oppressed by the Hindu king [[Raja Dahir]], who ruled Buddhist Punjab.<ref>[[Ram Swarup Joon]]: ''History of the Jats'', [[Rohtak]], [[India]] (1938, 1967)</ref> They allied with the Muslim [[Arabs]] and hailed the [[invasion]] by [[Muhammad bin Qasim]], an Arab general. Muhammad bin Qasim defeated the Hindu [[Raja Dahir]] in alliance with the [[Jat]]s and other Buddhist [[Rajas]]. When he arrived in [[Brahmanabad]], 6,000 to 16,000 men died in battle. Buddhists and the Jat [[Meds (tribe)|Meds]] and [[Bhutto (tribe)|Bhutto]] tribes hailed him as a rescuer from tyranny by Chach and his family (who were seen as usurpers of the [[Rai Dynasty]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uidaho.edu/class|title=College of Letters, Arts and Social Sciences|website=www.uidaho.edu}}</ref> The historian [[Baladhuri]] wrote, "[The] people of Hind wept for Qasim and preserved his likeness at Karaj".{{Full citation needed|date=June 2025}} The 13th-century ''[[Chach Nama]]'' notes the following as highlights of Qasim’s rule: * He permitted all to practice their religion freely. * Hindus were included in the [[Ahl al Kitab]]. * The status of [[Dhimmi]]s (protected people) was given to [[Hindu]]s and [[Buddhist]]s. * Property destroyed during hostilities was paid for. * As a sign of respect to his Hindu population, cow slaughter was banned in [[Sindh]] and [[Multan]]. According to [[w:Manan Ahmed Asif|Manan Ahmed Asif]], however, the ''Chach Nama'' is unreliable as an historical source. === Oppression of the Jats === The rulers before [[Islam]] were [[Siharus]], [[Sahasi II]], [[Chach]], and [[Dahir]]. The first two were [[Buddhist]] [[Rajputs]] , and the last two were [[Hinduism|Hindus]]. The new Brahmin rulers were unfriendly to the Buddhists in [[Sind]] at the time, and were cruel to the peasants. The Jats lost many [[civil right]]s. "When Chach, the Brahmim chamberlain who usurped the throne of chach King went to [[Brahmanabad]], he enjoined upon the Jats and [[Lohanas]] not to carry swords, avoid velvet or silken cloth, ride horses without saddles and walk about bare-headed and bare-footed".<ref>''Sindhi Culture'' by [[U.T Thakur]]. [[Bombay]] (1959)</ref> For this reason, [[Muhammad bin Qasim]] received cooperation from the Buddhists, the Jats and the Meds during his campaign in Sind.<ref>''An advanced history of India'' by Ramesh Chandra Majumdar; Hemchandra Raychaudhuri; Kalikinkar Datta [[Delhi]]: Macmillan [[India]], 1973.</ref> === <span class="anchor" id="Cheemas today"></span>Present day === The Cheema have the largest number of seats in the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]] and [[Senate of Pakistan]] in Punjab. Nisar Ahmad Cheema from NA-79 leads the Cheemas in the National Assembly, and his ancestors have done so for the past six decades. This Cheema family is the largest and the most powerful, supplying a large number of civil servants, judges, police officials, federal and provincial ministers, and a president of Pakistan. Many Cheemas have emigrated, establishing successful careers in aid agencies, armies and other professions. They are found in the United States, Canada, England and Australia. The Cheemas control a number of Pakistani districts, such as Gujranwala. Autar Singh Cheema was the first Pakistan-born Indian national to climb Mount Everest, on 20 May 1965. He belonged to and after retiring from active service in the Indian army lived in his ancestral village at Chak Sri Ganganagar in Rajasthan India.<ref>Ajay Singh Cheema contact no in India 09779177770</ref> Many Cheemas have now settled in England after participating in both the WW1 and the WW2 Indian army for British forces. Mostly misled for thinking they would get the freedom of India at the end of world, which it was not. Approximately 1.3 million Indian soldiers served in World War One - and more than 74,000 of them lost their lives. The Cheema Clan located in Nurmahal (Cheema Kalan and Cheema kurd) are situated on the lands of former Noor Jahan (The Persian Queen) the twentieth and last wife of the Mughal emperor Jahangir. The Queens secret underground passage ways are located on the Cheema land now. Most of the Cheema lands located in Nurmahal were gifted to the Cheema clan for their bravery, hard work and centuries of dedication in Indian Armed forces and Navy. == Hindu scriptures == === In the Mahabharata === The Udyogaparava of the [[Mahabharata]] ''(5/19/21-23)'' tells us that the composite army of the Kambojas, Yavanas, and Shakas participated in the [[Mahabharata war]] under the command of [[Sudakshina Kamboja]]. The epic repeatedly says this composite army was very fierce and wrathful. Mahabharata, too similarly groups the Shakas with the Kambojas and Yavanas and states that they were originally '''noble [[Kshatriyas]]''' but got degraded to ''vrishala'' status on account of their non-obersvance of the sacred Brahmanical codes.<ref>[[Mahabharata]] 13/33/20-2.</ref> :''See main article: [[Kshatriya]] === In the Manusmiriti === [[Manusmriti]] places the [[Shakas]] with the [[Kambojas]], [[Yavanas]], [[Pahlava]]s, [[Paradas]] and labels them all as degraded Kshatriyas ([[Holy]] Warriors) defying the [[Brahmana|Brahmanical]] codes and rituals.<ref>Manusmiriti X.43-44</ref> === In the Puranas === In the "[[Puranas]] Darada" the Jatt sub-tribes have been called degrading terms such as [[Rakshasas]] (demons) not having [[darshan]] of the [[Brahmin]].<ref>[[Ram Swarup Joon]]: ''History of the Jats'', [[Rohtak]], [[India]], 1967. (Available online in files section on http://groups.yahoo.com/group/JatHistory/)</ref> == Geography == [[File:Punjab 1909.jpg|thumb|300px|right| [[Punjab region|Punjab]]]] Cheema are most numerous in the [[Amritsar]] district. There are also 42 villages in the [[Patiala]] district. According to Cunningham, this area used to be called "Chima des" ("Des" or "Desh," in the Hindustani language and Punjabi language, means "country"). Many people settled in Montgomery ([[Sahiwal]]) and [[Sandal Bar]] when the British ruled Punjab because of the construction of a large canal network in these areas. The Cheema also have few villages scattered across [[Rawalpindi]], [[Bhawalpur]], [[Amritsar]], [[Gurdaspur]], [[Jalandhar]], NurMahal or Noor Mahal, [[Moga]], [[Ludhiana]], and [[Sangrur]]. In the western Punjab plains, Cheema communities are not generally found past ''Chaj Doab''. In the eastern Punjab plains, they are not were found past the [[Sangrur]] district, until 1947, when many Sikh Cheemas moved from [[Sialkot]] and [[Gujranwala]] to settle in [[Patiala|Village Chak 4e Sri Ganganagar in Rajasthan Patiala]], [[Karnal]], and [[Sirsa]] after partition of the [[Punjab region|Punjab]]. Some families also moved afterward [[Udhamsingh nagar]](Uttrakhand), [[Pilibhit]], [[Puranpur]], and [[Rampur]] (Utter pradesh). This region is called Mini Punjab and the Terai Region. In Pakistan, [[Sialkot]] and [[Gujranwala|Gujranwal]] districts both have large Cheema populations with many Cheema villages, such as Chak 4e in Sri Ganganagar (Raj) Begowal, Verowala Cheema Jamke Cheema, Tajokay Cheema, Adamkay Cheema, Bhopalwala, Sahowala, Kamalpur, [[Manpur]], and Lodikay Cheema, and in [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwal]], Baddokey Cheema, Kot Inayat Khan,[[Delawar Cheema]], [[Saroki Cheema]], [[Bharoki Cheema]],Varoki Cheema,[[Mansorwali Cheema]], [[Ratti Thatt]], [[Bankay Cheema]], [[Kathor|Kathor, Kalay Wala]], [[Kheway Wali]], [[Wadala Cheema]], [[Phaloki Cheema]], [[Marday Ki]], and [[Chabba Cheema]]. In [[Rawalpindi]] district, there is a [[Gujranwala|village]] near [[Gujar Khan]] which is named [[Sui Cheemian]] and it has a substantial population of Cheemas. In southern Punjab, [[Bahawalpur]] and Yazman have considerable numbers of Cheema families, in great enough numbers that the area elects more than a dozen cabinet members. In India, the Rupnagar and Mohali districts of the Punjab state have large Cheema populations with many Cheema villages, such as Salaura. == References and notes == {{Reflist}} ==Further reading== * [[The Chach-Nama]]. English translation by [[Mirza Kalichbeg Fredunbeg]]. [[Delhi]] Reprint, 1979. * [[40 Families of Pakistan 1947]] * Sir [[Denzil Ibbetson]], Delhi 2002, p115 (''Panjab Castes'') * [[Ram Swarup Joon]] - ''[[History of the Jatt]]'' * [[Arabian]] historian [[Ahmad Ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri]] * [[Annals]], [[James Todd]]; ''[[History of Sikhs]]'', [[Alexander Cunningham]]; ''Glossary of Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and NWFP'' * [[H A Rose]] - ''Glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|NWFP]], '' [[Category:Ethnic groups in India]] [[Category:Tribes of Pakistan]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Pakistan]] [[Category:Punjabi people]] 153nqj07vdgq4lbi9ai3betxdz6ygm0 10367753 10367745 2025-07-02T14:39:24Z Miniapolis 471808 /* Present day */Copyedit 10367753 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cheema''' (Shahmukhi: '''چیمہ''', : '''ਚੀਮਾ'''), also spelled '''Chima''', is a group of [[Jats]] in [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] who are known as warriors.<ref name="ReferenceA">''(Glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|NWFP]], H A Rose)''</ref> Jats are a large group in the [[Punjab region]], and Cheemas are a major Jat sub-clan. They speak [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], and are often large landowners. Most Cheema clans who are [[Muslim]]s live in West [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]], and many [[Sikh]]s live in the East Punjab of India.{{fact|date=May 2025}} == History == The Cheema tribe was called "Shaka" in India, from the name ([[Saka]]) used by the Persians. After the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' wars (1500-500 BC), the Shakas often mentioned in texts like the Puranas, the [[Manusmriti]], the ''[[Ramayana]]'', the ''[[Mahabharata]]'', the Mahabhasiya by [[Patanjali]], the Brhat Samhita of Vraha Mihira, the Kavyamimamsa, the Brihat-Katha-Manjari, and the Katha-Saritsagara.<ref>Chowduri, J. (2012). Caste system, social inequalities and reservation policy in india: Class, caste, social policy and governance through social justice. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing.</ref> The "Sikh Jatts" (Cheema, Sandhu and Gill) live in the Indian Punjab, the "Muslim Jutts" (Chattha, Cheema and Warraich) live in the Pakistani Punjab, and the Cheema/Chattha Jatts are said to be descended from Maharaja Prithvi Raj Chohan, the sovereign of [[Delhi]].{{Cn|date=May 2025}} === <span class="anchor" id="Invasion of India (180 BC onward)"></span>Invasion of India (after 180 BC) === The Vanaparava of the ''Mahabharata'' has a [[prophecy]] that the kings of the Shakas, Yavanas, Kambojas, Bahlikas, and Abhiras would rule poorly during the [[Kali Yuga]] (MBH 3/188/34-36). === Alexander's invasion of Punjab === [[Alexander the Great|Alexander]] took over the [[Achaemenid dynasty|Achaemenid Empire]] in 331 BC, and marched into present-day [[Afghanistan]] with an army of 50,000. His scribes do not mention [[Gandhara]] or [[Kamboja]]; instead, they name twelve small countries in those territories. This means that Gandhara and Kamboja were not have been very great [[kingdom]]s in the late 4th century BC. In 326 BC, most of these twelve or so countries in the Gandhara Kamboja [[Mahajanapadas]] were taken over by the [[Macedon]]ian conqueror. Alexander invited the chieftains of the former satrapy of Gandhara to come to him and submit to his authority. [[Ambhi]], ruler of [[Taxila]], whose kingdom extended from the [[Indus River|Indus]] to the Hydaspes ([[Jhelum River|Jhelum]]), agreed. After confirming him as [[satrap]], Alexander marched against the [[Saka]]s (Cheemas are considered to be descendants of the Sakas) and Kamboja highlanders of the [[Kunar River|Kunar]] and [[Swat River|Swat]] [[valley]]s known in Greek texts as [[Aspasios]] and [[Assakenois]] and in Indian texts as [[Ashvayana]] and [[Ashvakayana]] who had refused to submit to Alexander.<ref>For Kamboja and [[Ashvaka]] (Assakenois/Aspasios) relations, see: ''Panjab Past and Present'', pp. 9-10; ''History of Porus'', pp. 12, 38, Buddha Parkash; ''Histoire du Bouddhisme Indien'', p 110, E. Lamotte; ''Political History of Ancient India'' (1996), p 133, 216-17, (and commentary p 576 fn 22), H. C. Raychaudhury, B. N. Mukerjee; ''Hindu Polity'' (1978), pp 121, 140, K. P. Jayswal; ''Ancient Kamboja, People and Country'' (1981), pp 271-72, 278, J. L. Kamboj; ''These Kamboj People'' (1979), pp 119, 192, K. S. Dardi; ''Kambojas Through the Ages'' (2005), pp 129, 218-19, S Kirpal Singh. J. W. McCrindle says that present-day Afghanistan{{snd}}the Kaofu (Kambu) of [[Hiun Tsang]]{{snd}}was the ancient Kamboja, and the name [[Afghan]] evidently derives from the Ashavakan, the Assakenoi of Arrian (''Alexandra's Invasion of India'', p 38; Megasthenes and Arrian, p 180, J. McCrindle); Thomas H. Holdich, in ''The Gates of India'' (pp 102-03), writes that the [[Aspasians]] ([[Aspasios]]) represent the modern [[Kafirs]]. But the modern Kafirs, especially the [[Siah-Posh Kafirs]] ([[Kamoz]]/[[Camoje]], [[Kamtoz]]), are considered to be descendants of the ancient Kambojas. Other scholars attesting the Ashvakan-Kamboja equation are Romilla Thapar and R. C. Majumdar.</ref> The Ashvayan, Ashvakayan, Kamboja and allied Saka [[clan]]s offered tough resistance to the invader; Ashvakayan women took up arms and joined their men on the field, preferring "a glorious death to a life of dishonor".<ref>Diodorus in Mcgrindle, p 370</ref> Alexander then marched east to the [[Hydaspes]], where [[Porus]], ruler of the kingdom between the Hydaspes (Jhelum) and the Akesines (Chenab), refused to submit to him. The two armies fought the [[Battle of the Hydaspes River]] on the riverbank outside the town of Nikaia (near present-day Jhelum). Porus's army fought bravely, but was no match for Alexander's. When the defiant Raja (wounded and having lost his sons) was brought before Alexander, Alexander asked him, "How should I treat you?" Porus answered, "The way a king treats another king". Alexander returned the conquered kingdom to Porus and added the land between the Akesines (Chenab) and the Hydraotis (Ravi), whose ruler had fled. Alexander's army crossed the Hydraotis and marched east to the Hesidros (Beas). His troops refused to march further east and Alexander turned back, following the Jhelum and the Indus to the Arabian Sea and sailing to Babylon. In the middle of the [[2nd century BC]], the [[Yuezhi]] tribe of present-day China moved west into Central Asia; this caused the Sakas (Scythians) to move west and south. The Northern Sakas (also known as the [[Indo-Scythian]]s) moved into Bactria and crossed the [[Hindu Kush]] into India, successfully taking power from the Indo-Greeks. They were followed by the Yuezhi, who were known in India as the [[Kushan]]s or Kushanas. The Kushanas founded a kingdom in the 1st century that lasted for several centuries. The Indo-Scythians and the Kushans embraced [[Buddhism]] and absorbed elements of Indo-Greek art and culture. Another [[Central Asia]]n people who settled in Punjab were the [[Hephthalite]]s (White Huns), who continuously campaigned from across the Hindu Kush and established their rule in India in the fifth century. === Muhammed Bin Qasim's invasion of Punjab === Many Cheemas were oppressed by the Hindu king [[Raja Dahir]], who ruled Buddhist Punjab.<ref>[[Ram Swarup Joon]]: ''History of the Jats'', [[Rohtak]], [[India]] (1938, 1967)</ref> They allied with the Muslim [[Arabs]] and hailed the [[invasion]] by [[Muhammad bin Qasim]], an Arab general. Muhammad bin Qasim defeated the Hindu [[Raja Dahir]] in alliance with the [[Jat]]s and other Buddhist [[Rajas]]. When he arrived in [[Brahmanabad]], 6,000 to 16,000 men died in battle. Buddhists and the Jat [[Meds (tribe)|Meds]] and [[Bhutto (tribe)|Bhutto]] tribes hailed him as a rescuer from tyranny by Chach and his family (who were seen as usurpers of the [[Rai Dynasty]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uidaho.edu/class|title=College of Letters, Arts and Social Sciences|website=www.uidaho.edu}}</ref> The historian [[Baladhuri]] wrote, "[The] people of Hind wept for Qasim and preserved his likeness at Karaj".{{Full citation needed|date=June 2025}} The 13th-century ''[[Chach Nama]]'' notes the following as highlights of Qasim’s rule: * He permitted all to practice their religion freely. * Hindus were included in the [[Ahl al Kitab]]. * The status of [[Dhimmi]]s (protected people) was given to [[Hindu]]s and [[Buddhist]]s. * Property destroyed during hostilities was paid for. * As a sign of respect to his Hindu population, cow slaughter was banned in [[Sindh]] and [[Multan]]. According to [[w:Manan Ahmed Asif|Manan Ahmed Asif]], however, the ''Chach Nama'' is unreliable as an historical source. === Oppression of the Jats === The rulers before [[Islam]] were [[Siharus]], [[Sahasi II]], [[Chach]], and [[Dahir]]. The first two were [[Buddhist]] [[Rajputs]] , and the last two were [[Hinduism|Hindus]]. The new Brahmin rulers were unfriendly to the Buddhists in [[Sind]] at the time, and were cruel to the peasants. The Jats lost many [[civil right]]s. "When Chach, the Brahmim chamberlain who usurped the throne of chach King went to [[Brahmanabad]], he enjoined upon the Jats and [[Lohanas]] not to carry swords, avoid velvet or silken cloth, ride horses without saddles and walk about bare-headed and bare-footed".<ref>''Sindhi Culture'' by [[U.T Thakur]]. [[Bombay]] (1959)</ref> For this reason, [[Muhammad bin Qasim]] received cooperation from the Buddhists, the Jats and the Meds during his campaign in Sind.<ref>''An advanced history of India'' by Ramesh Chandra Majumdar; Hemchandra Raychaudhuri; Kalikinkar Datta [[Delhi]]: Macmillan [[India]], 1973.</ref> === <span class="anchor" id="Cheemas today"></span>Present day === The Cheema have the largest number of seats in the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]] and [[Senate of Pakistan]] in Punjab. Nisar Ahmad Cheema from NA-79 leads the Cheemas in the National Assembly, and his ancestors have done so for the past six decades. This Cheema family is the largest and the most powerful, supplying a large number of civil servants, judges, police officials, federal and provincial ministers, and a president of Pakistan. Many Cheemas have emigrated, establishing successful careers in aid agencies, armies and other professions. They are found in the United States, Canada, and Australia. The Cheemas control a number of Pakistani districts, such as Gujranwala. Autar Singh Cheema was the first Pakistan-born Indian national to climb Mount Everest, on 20 May 1965. After retiring from the Indian Army, he lived in his ancestral village at Chak Sri Ganganagar in Rajasthan, India.<ref>Ajay Singh Cheema contact no in India 09779177770</ref> Many Cheemas have settled in England after participating in both world wars in the Indian Army. The Cheema clan in Nurmahal (Cheema Kalan and Cheema kurd) lives on the land of the former Noor Jahan (the Persian Queen), the twentieth and last wife of the Mughal emperor Jahangir, and the queen's secret underground passages are on Cheema land. Most Cheema land in Nurmahal was given to the clan for their bravery, hard work and dedication to the Indian armed forces. == Hindu scriptures == === In the Mahabharata === The Udyogaparava of the [[Mahabharata]] ''(5/19/21-23)'' tells us that the composite army of the Kambojas, Yavanas, and Shakas participated in the [[Mahabharata war]] under the command of [[Sudakshina Kamboja]]. The epic repeatedly says this composite army was very fierce and wrathful. Mahabharata, too similarly groups the Shakas with the Kambojas and Yavanas and states that they were originally '''noble [[Kshatriyas]]''' but got degraded to ''vrishala'' status on account of their non-obersvance of the sacred Brahmanical codes.<ref>[[Mahabharata]] 13/33/20-2.</ref> :''See main article: [[Kshatriya]] === In the Manusmiriti === [[Manusmriti]] places the [[Shakas]] with the [[Kambojas]], [[Yavanas]], [[Pahlava]]s, [[Paradas]] and labels them all as degraded Kshatriyas ([[Holy]] Warriors) defying the [[Brahmana|Brahmanical]] codes and rituals.<ref>Manusmiriti X.43-44</ref> === In the Puranas === In the "[[Puranas]] Darada" the Jatt sub-tribes have been called degrading terms such as [[Rakshasas]] (demons) not having [[darshan]] of the [[Brahmin]].<ref>[[Ram Swarup Joon]]: ''History of the Jats'', [[Rohtak]], [[India]], 1967. (Available online in files section on http://groups.yahoo.com/group/JatHistory/)</ref> == Geography == [[File:Punjab 1909.jpg|thumb|300px|right| [[Punjab region|Punjab]]]] Cheema are most numerous in the [[Amritsar]] district. There are also 42 villages in the [[Patiala]] district. According to Cunningham, this area used to be called "Chima des" ("Des" or "Desh," in the Hindustani language and Punjabi language, means "country"). Many people settled in Montgomery ([[Sahiwal]]) and [[Sandal Bar]] when the British ruled Punjab because of the construction of a large canal network in these areas. The Cheema also have few villages scattered across [[Rawalpindi]], [[Bhawalpur]], [[Amritsar]], [[Gurdaspur]], [[Jalandhar]], NurMahal or Noor Mahal, [[Moga]], [[Ludhiana]], and [[Sangrur]]. In the western Punjab plains, Cheema communities are not generally found past ''Chaj Doab''. In the eastern Punjab plains, they are not were found past the [[Sangrur]] district, until 1947, when many Sikh Cheemas moved from [[Sialkot]] and [[Gujranwala]] to settle in [[Patiala|Village Chak 4e Sri Ganganagar in Rajasthan Patiala]], [[Karnal]], and [[Sirsa]] after partition of the [[Punjab region|Punjab]]. Some families also moved afterward [[Udhamsingh nagar]](Uttrakhand), [[Pilibhit]], [[Puranpur]], and [[Rampur]] (Utter pradesh). This region is called Mini Punjab and the Terai Region. In Pakistan, [[Sialkot]] and [[Gujranwala|Gujranwal]] districts both have large Cheema populations with many Cheema villages, such as Chak 4e in Sri Ganganagar (Raj) Begowal, Verowala Cheema Jamke Cheema, Tajokay Cheema, Adamkay Cheema, Bhopalwala, Sahowala, Kamalpur, [[Manpur]], and Lodikay Cheema, and in [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwal]], Baddokey Cheema, Kot Inayat Khan,[[Delawar Cheema]], [[Saroki Cheema]], [[Bharoki Cheema]],Varoki Cheema,[[Mansorwali Cheema]], [[Ratti Thatt]], [[Bankay Cheema]], [[Kathor|Kathor, Kalay Wala]], [[Kheway Wali]], [[Wadala Cheema]], [[Phaloki Cheema]], [[Marday Ki]], and [[Chabba Cheema]]. In [[Rawalpindi]] district, there is a [[Gujranwala|village]] near [[Gujar Khan]] which is named [[Sui Cheemian]] and it has a substantial population of Cheemas. In southern Punjab, [[Bahawalpur]] and Yazman have considerable numbers of Cheema families, in great enough numbers that the area elects more than a dozen cabinet members. In India, the Rupnagar and Mohali districts of the Punjab state have large Cheema populations with many Cheema villages, such as Salaura. == References and notes == {{Reflist}} ==Further reading== * [[The Chach-Nama]]. English translation by [[Mirza Kalichbeg Fredunbeg]]. [[Delhi]] Reprint, 1979. * [[40 Families of Pakistan 1947]] * Sir [[Denzil Ibbetson]], Delhi 2002, p115 (''Panjab Castes'') * [[Ram Swarup Joon]] - ''[[History of the Jatt]]'' * [[Arabian]] historian [[Ahmad Ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri]] * [[Annals]], [[James Todd]]; ''[[History of Sikhs]]'', [[Alexander Cunningham]]; ''Glossary of Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and NWFP'' * [[H A Rose]] - ''Glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|NWFP]], '' [[Category:Ethnic groups in India]] [[Category:Tribes of Pakistan]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Pakistan]] [[Category:Punjabi people]] h7oh9xoyenq127mjofv182qmbtr0yqz 10367984 10367753 2025-07-02T17:39:08Z Miniapolis 471808 /* In the Mahabharata */Cleanup 10367984 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cheema''' (Shahmukhi: '''چیمہ''', : '''ਚੀਮਾ'''), also spelled '''Chima''', is a group of [[Jats]] in [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] who are known as warriors.<ref name="ReferenceA">''(Glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|NWFP]], H A Rose)''</ref> Jats are a large group in the [[Punjab region]], and Cheemas are a major Jat sub-clan. They speak [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], and are often large landowners. Most Cheema clans who are [[Muslim]]s live in West [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]], and many [[Sikh]]s live in the East Punjab of India.{{fact|date=May 2025}} == History == The Cheema tribe was called "Shaka" in India, from the name ([[Saka]]) used by the Persians. After the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' wars (1500-500 BC), the Shakas often mentioned in texts like the Puranas, the [[Manusmriti]], the ''[[Ramayana]]'', the ''[[Mahabharata]]'', the Mahabhasiya by [[Patanjali]], the Brhat Samhita of Vraha Mihira, the Kavyamimamsa, the Brihat-Katha-Manjari, and the Katha-Saritsagara.<ref>Chowduri, J. (2012). Caste system, social inequalities and reservation policy in india: Class, caste, social policy and governance through social justice. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing.</ref> The "Sikh Jatts" (Cheema, Sandhu and Gill) live in the Indian Punjab, the "Muslim Jutts" (Chattha, Cheema and Warraich) live in the Pakistani Punjab, and the Cheema/Chattha Jatts are said to be descended from Maharaja Prithvi Raj Chohan, the sovereign of [[Delhi]].{{Cn|date=May 2025}} === <span class="anchor" id="Invasion of India (180 BC onward)"></span>Invasion of India (after 180 BC) === The Vanaparava of the ''Mahabharata'' has a [[prophecy]] that the kings of the Shakas, Yavanas, Kambojas, Bahlikas, and Abhiras would rule poorly during the [[Kali Yuga]] (MBH 3/188/34-36). === Alexander's invasion of Punjab === [[Alexander the Great|Alexander]] took over the [[Achaemenid dynasty|Achaemenid Empire]] in 331 BC, and marched into present-day [[Afghanistan]] with an army of 50,000. His scribes do not mention [[Gandhara]] or [[Kamboja]]; instead, they name twelve small countries in those territories. This means that Gandhara and Kamboja were not have been very great [[kingdom]]s in the late 4th century BC. In 326 BC, most of these twelve or so countries in the Gandhara Kamboja [[Mahajanapadas]] were taken over by the [[Macedon]]ian conqueror. Alexander invited the chieftains of the former satrapy of Gandhara to come to him and submit to his authority. [[Ambhi]], ruler of [[Taxila]], whose kingdom extended from the [[Indus River|Indus]] to the Hydaspes ([[Jhelum River|Jhelum]]), agreed. After confirming him as [[satrap]], Alexander marched against the [[Saka]]s (Cheemas are considered to be descendants of the Sakas) and Kamboja highlanders of the [[Kunar River|Kunar]] and [[Swat River|Swat]] [[valley]]s known in Greek texts as [[Aspasios]] and [[Assakenois]] and in Indian texts as [[Ashvayana]] and [[Ashvakayana]] who had refused to submit to Alexander.<ref>For Kamboja and [[Ashvaka]] (Assakenois/Aspasios) relations, see: ''Panjab Past and Present'', pp. 9-10; ''History of Porus'', pp. 12, 38, Buddha Parkash; ''Histoire du Bouddhisme Indien'', p 110, E. Lamotte; ''Political History of Ancient India'' (1996), p 133, 216-17, (and commentary p 576 fn 22), H. C. Raychaudhury, B. N. Mukerjee; ''Hindu Polity'' (1978), pp 121, 140, K. P. Jayswal; ''Ancient Kamboja, People and Country'' (1981), pp 271-72, 278, J. L. Kamboj; ''These Kamboj People'' (1979), pp 119, 192, K. S. Dardi; ''Kambojas Through the Ages'' (2005), pp 129, 218-19, S Kirpal Singh. J. W. McCrindle says that present-day Afghanistan{{snd}}the Kaofu (Kambu) of [[Hiun Tsang]]{{snd}}was the ancient Kamboja, and the name [[Afghan]] evidently derives from the Ashavakan, the Assakenoi of Arrian (''Alexandra's Invasion of India'', p 38; Megasthenes and Arrian, p 180, J. McCrindle); Thomas H. Holdich, in ''The Gates of India'' (pp 102-03), writes that the [[Aspasians]] ([[Aspasios]]) represent the modern [[Kafirs]]. But the modern Kafirs, especially the [[Siah-Posh Kafirs]] ([[Kamoz]]/[[Camoje]], [[Kamtoz]]), are considered to be descendants of the ancient Kambojas. Other scholars attesting the Ashvakan-Kamboja equation are Romilla Thapar and R. C. Majumdar.</ref> The Ashvayan, Ashvakayan, Kamboja and allied Saka [[clan]]s offered tough resistance to the invader; Ashvakayan women took up arms and joined their men on the field, preferring "a glorious death to a life of dishonor".<ref>Diodorus in Mcgrindle, p 370</ref> Alexander then marched east to the [[Hydaspes]], where [[Porus]], ruler of the kingdom between the Hydaspes (Jhelum) and the Akesines (Chenab), refused to submit to him. The two armies fought the [[Battle of the Hydaspes River]] on the riverbank outside the town of Nikaia (near present-day Jhelum). Porus's army fought bravely, but was no match for Alexander's. When the defiant Raja (wounded and having lost his sons) was brought before Alexander, Alexander asked him, "How should I treat you?" Porus answered, "The way a king treats another king". Alexander returned the conquered kingdom to Porus and added the land between the Akesines (Chenab) and the Hydraotis (Ravi), whose ruler had fled. Alexander's army crossed the Hydraotis and marched east to the Hesidros (Beas). His troops refused to march further east and Alexander turned back, following the Jhelum and the Indus to the Arabian Sea and sailing to Babylon. In the middle of the [[2nd century BC]], the [[Yuezhi]] tribe of present-day China moved west into Central Asia; this caused the Sakas (Scythians) to move west and south. The Northern Sakas (also known as the [[Indo-Scythian]]s) moved into Bactria and crossed the [[Hindu Kush]] into India, successfully taking power from the Indo-Greeks. They were followed by the Yuezhi, who were known in India as the [[Kushan]]s or Kushanas. The Kushanas founded a kingdom in the 1st century that lasted for several centuries. The Indo-Scythians and the Kushans embraced [[Buddhism]] and absorbed elements of Indo-Greek art and culture. Another [[Central Asia]]n people who settled in Punjab were the [[Hephthalite]]s (White Huns), who continuously campaigned from across the Hindu Kush and established their rule in India in the fifth century. === Muhammed Bin Qasim's invasion of Punjab === Many Cheemas were oppressed by the Hindu king [[Raja Dahir]], who ruled Buddhist Punjab.<ref>[[Ram Swarup Joon]]: ''History of the Jats'', [[Rohtak]], [[India]] (1938, 1967)</ref> They allied with the Muslim [[Arabs]] and hailed the [[invasion]] by [[Muhammad bin Qasim]], an Arab general. Muhammad bin Qasim defeated the Hindu [[Raja Dahir]] in alliance with the [[Jat]]s and other Buddhist [[Rajas]]. When he arrived in [[Brahmanabad]], 6,000 to 16,000 men died in battle. Buddhists and the Jat [[Meds (tribe)|Meds]] and [[Bhutto (tribe)|Bhutto]] tribes hailed him as a rescuer from tyranny by Chach and his family (who were seen as usurpers of the [[Rai Dynasty]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uidaho.edu/class|title=College of Letters, Arts and Social Sciences|website=www.uidaho.edu}}</ref> The historian [[Baladhuri]] wrote, "[The] people of Hind wept for Qasim and preserved his likeness at Karaj".{{Full citation needed|date=June 2025}} The 13th-century ''[[Chach Nama]]'' notes the following as highlights of Qasim’s rule: * He permitted all to practice their religion freely. * Hindus were included in the [[Ahl al Kitab]]. * The status of [[Dhimmi]]s (protected people) was given to [[Hindu]]s and [[Buddhist]]s. * Property destroyed during hostilities was paid for. * As a sign of respect to his Hindu population, cow slaughter was banned in [[Sindh]] and [[Multan]]. According to [[w:Manan Ahmed Asif|Manan Ahmed Asif]], however, the ''Chach Nama'' is unreliable as an historical source. === Oppression of the Jats === The rulers before [[Islam]] were [[Siharus]], [[Sahasi II]], [[Chach]], and [[Dahir]]. The first two were [[Buddhist]] [[Rajputs]] , and the last two were [[Hinduism|Hindus]]. The new Brahmin rulers were unfriendly to the Buddhists in [[Sind]] at the time, and were cruel to the peasants. The Jats lost many [[civil right]]s. "When Chach, the Brahmim chamberlain who usurped the throne of chach King went to [[Brahmanabad]], he enjoined upon the Jats and [[Lohanas]] not to carry swords, avoid velvet or silken cloth, ride horses without saddles and walk about bare-headed and bare-footed".<ref>''Sindhi Culture'' by [[U.T Thakur]]. [[Bombay]] (1959)</ref> For this reason, [[Muhammad bin Qasim]] received cooperation from the Buddhists, the Jats and the Meds during his campaign in Sind.<ref>''An advanced history of India'' by Ramesh Chandra Majumdar; Hemchandra Raychaudhuri; Kalikinkar Datta [[Delhi]]: Macmillan [[India]], 1973.</ref> === <span class="anchor" id="Cheemas today"></span>Present day === The Cheema have the largest number of seats in the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]] and [[Senate of Pakistan]] in Punjab. Nisar Ahmad Cheema from NA-79 leads the Cheemas in the National Assembly, and his ancestors have done so for the past six decades. This Cheema family is the largest and the most powerful, supplying a large number of civil servants, judges, police officials, federal and provincial ministers, and a president of Pakistan. Many Cheemas have emigrated, establishing successful careers in aid agencies, armies and other professions. They are found in the United States, Canada, and Australia. The Cheemas control a number of Pakistani districts, such as Gujranwala. Autar Singh Cheema was the first Pakistan-born Indian national to climb Mount Everest, on 20 May 1965. After retiring from the Indian Army, he lived in his ancestral village at Chak Sri Ganganagar in Rajasthan, India.<ref>Ajay Singh Cheema contact no in India 09779177770</ref> Many Cheemas have settled in England after participating in both world wars in the Indian Army. The Cheema clan in Nurmahal (Cheema Kalan and Cheema kurd) lives on the land of the former Noor Jahan (the Persian Queen), the twentieth and last wife of the Mughal emperor Jahangir, and the queen's secret underground passages are on Cheema land. Most Cheema land in Nurmahal was given to the clan for their bravery, hard work and dedication to the Indian armed forces. == Hindu scriptures == === <span class="anchor" id="In the Mahabharata"></span>The ''Mahabharata'' === The Udyogaparava of the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' (5/19/21-23) says that a combined army of the Kambojas, Yavanas, and Shakas fought fiercely in the [[Kurukshetra War]] under the command of [[Sudakshina Kamboja]]. Originally noble [[kshatriya]]s, they were demoted to ''[[Vaishya|vrishala]]'' status for not following the sacred Brahmin codes.<ref>[[Mahabharata]] 13/33/20-2.</ref> === In the Manusmiriti === [[Manusmriti]] places the [[Shakas]] with the [[Kambojas]], [[Yavanas]], [[Pahlava]]s, [[Paradas]] and labels them all as degraded Kshatriyas ([[Holy]] Warriors) defying the [[Brahmana|Brahmanical]] codes and rituals.<ref>Manusmiriti X.43-44</ref> === In the Puranas === In the "[[Puranas]] Darada" the Jatt sub-tribes have been called degrading terms such as [[Rakshasas]] (demons) not having [[darshan]] of the [[Brahmin]].<ref>[[Ram Swarup Joon]]: ''History of the Jats'', [[Rohtak]], [[India]], 1967. (Available online in files section on http://groups.yahoo.com/group/JatHistory/)</ref> == Geography == [[File:Punjab 1909.jpg|thumb|300px|right| [[Punjab region|Punjab]]]] Cheema are most numerous in the [[Amritsar]] district. There are also 42 villages in the [[Patiala]] district. According to Cunningham, this area used to be called "Chima des" ("Des" or "Desh," in the Hindustani language and Punjabi language, means "country"). Many people settled in Montgomery ([[Sahiwal]]) and [[Sandal Bar]] when the British ruled Punjab because of the construction of a large canal network in these areas. The Cheema also have few villages scattered across [[Rawalpindi]], [[Bhawalpur]], [[Amritsar]], [[Gurdaspur]], [[Jalandhar]], NurMahal or Noor Mahal, [[Moga]], [[Ludhiana]], and [[Sangrur]]. In the western Punjab plains, Cheema communities are not generally found past ''Chaj Doab''. In the eastern Punjab plains, they are not were found past the [[Sangrur]] district, until 1947, when many Sikh Cheemas moved from [[Sialkot]] and [[Gujranwala]] to settle in [[Patiala|Village Chak 4e Sri Ganganagar in Rajasthan Patiala]], [[Karnal]], and [[Sirsa]] after partition of the [[Punjab region|Punjab]]. Some families also moved afterward [[Udhamsingh nagar]](Uttrakhand), [[Pilibhit]], [[Puranpur]], and [[Rampur]] (Utter pradesh). This region is called Mini Punjab and the Terai Region. In Pakistan, [[Sialkot]] and [[Gujranwala|Gujranwal]] districts both have large Cheema populations with many Cheema villages, such as Chak 4e in Sri Ganganagar (Raj) Begowal, Verowala Cheema Jamke Cheema, Tajokay Cheema, Adamkay Cheema, Bhopalwala, Sahowala, Kamalpur, [[Manpur]], and Lodikay Cheema, and in [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwal]], Baddokey Cheema, Kot Inayat Khan,[[Delawar Cheema]], [[Saroki Cheema]], [[Bharoki Cheema]],Varoki Cheema,[[Mansorwali Cheema]], [[Ratti Thatt]], [[Bankay Cheema]], [[Kathor|Kathor, Kalay Wala]], [[Kheway Wali]], [[Wadala Cheema]], [[Phaloki Cheema]], [[Marday Ki]], and [[Chabba Cheema]]. In [[Rawalpindi]] district, there is a [[Gujranwala|village]] near [[Gujar Khan]] which is named [[Sui Cheemian]] and it has a substantial population of Cheemas. In southern Punjab, [[Bahawalpur]] and Yazman have considerable numbers of Cheema families, in great enough numbers that the area elects more than a dozen cabinet members. In India, the Rupnagar and Mohali districts of the Punjab state have large Cheema populations with many Cheema villages, such as Salaura. == References and notes == {{Reflist}} ==Further reading== * [[The Chach-Nama]]. English translation by [[Mirza Kalichbeg Fredunbeg]]. [[Delhi]] Reprint, 1979. * [[40 Families of Pakistan 1947]] * Sir [[Denzil Ibbetson]], Delhi 2002, p115 (''Panjab Castes'') * [[Ram Swarup Joon]] - ''[[History of the Jatt]]'' * [[Arabian]] historian [[Ahmad Ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri]] * [[Annals]], [[James Todd]]; ''[[History of Sikhs]]'', [[Alexander Cunningham]]; ''Glossary of Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and NWFP'' * [[H A Rose]] - ''Glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|NWFP]], '' [[Category:Ethnic groups in India]] [[Category:Tribes of Pakistan]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Pakistan]] [[Category:Punjabi people]] 73ldcfwe34lthdxpmx5rfbvabtuox7v 10368004 10367984 2025-07-02T17:47:56Z Miniapolis 471808 /* In the Manusmiriti */Copyedit 10368004 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cheema''' (Shahmukhi: '''چیمہ''', : '''ਚੀਮਾ'''), also spelled '''Chima''', is a group of [[Jats]] in [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] who are known as warriors.<ref name="ReferenceA">''(Glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|NWFP]], H A Rose)''</ref> Jats are a large group in the [[Punjab region]], and Cheemas are a major Jat sub-clan. They speak [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], and are often large landowners. Most Cheema clans who are [[Muslim]]s live in West [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]], and many [[Sikh]]s live in the East Punjab of India.{{fact|date=May 2025}} == History == The Cheema tribe was called "Shaka" in India, from the name ([[Saka]]) used by the Persians. After the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' wars (1500-500 BC), the Shakas often mentioned in texts like the Puranas, the [[Manusmriti]], the ''[[Ramayana]]'', the ''[[Mahabharata]]'', the Mahabhasiya by [[Patanjali]], the Brhat Samhita of Vraha Mihira, the Kavyamimamsa, the Brihat-Katha-Manjari, and the Katha-Saritsagara.<ref>Chowduri, J. (2012). Caste system, social inequalities and reservation policy in india: Class, caste, social policy and governance through social justice. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing.</ref> The "Sikh Jatts" (Cheema, Sandhu and Gill) live in the Indian Punjab, the "Muslim Jutts" (Chattha, Cheema and Warraich) live in the Pakistani Punjab, and the Cheema/Chattha Jatts are said to be descended from Maharaja Prithvi Raj Chohan, the sovereign of [[Delhi]].{{Cn|date=May 2025}} === <span class="anchor" id="Invasion of India (180 BC onward)"></span>Invasion of India (after 180 BC) === The Vanaparava of the ''Mahabharata'' has a [[prophecy]] that the kings of the Shakas, Yavanas, Kambojas, Bahlikas, and Abhiras would rule poorly during the [[Kali Yuga]] (MBH 3/188/34-36). === Alexander's invasion of Punjab === [[Alexander the Great|Alexander]] took over the [[Achaemenid dynasty|Achaemenid Empire]] in 331 BC, and marched into present-day [[Afghanistan]] with an army of 50,000. His scribes do not mention [[Gandhara]] or [[Kamboja]]; instead, they name twelve small countries in those territories. This means that Gandhara and Kamboja were not have been very great [[kingdom]]s in the late 4th century BC. In 326 BC, most of these twelve or so countries in the Gandhara Kamboja [[Mahajanapadas]] were taken over by the [[Macedon]]ian conqueror. Alexander invited the chieftains of the former satrapy of Gandhara to come to him and submit to his authority. [[Ambhi]], ruler of [[Taxila]], whose kingdom extended from the [[Indus River|Indus]] to the Hydaspes ([[Jhelum River|Jhelum]]), agreed. After confirming him as [[satrap]], Alexander marched against the [[Saka]]s (Cheemas are considered to be descendants of the Sakas) and Kamboja highlanders of the [[Kunar River|Kunar]] and [[Swat River|Swat]] [[valley]]s known in Greek texts as [[Aspasios]] and [[Assakenois]] and in Indian texts as [[Ashvayana]] and [[Ashvakayana]] who had refused to submit to Alexander.<ref>For Kamboja and [[Ashvaka]] (Assakenois/Aspasios) relations, see: ''Panjab Past and Present'', pp. 9-10; ''History of Porus'', pp. 12, 38, Buddha Parkash; ''Histoire du Bouddhisme Indien'', p 110, E. Lamotte; ''Political History of Ancient India'' (1996), p 133, 216-17, (and commentary p 576 fn 22), H. C. Raychaudhury, B. N. Mukerjee; ''Hindu Polity'' (1978), pp 121, 140, K. P. Jayswal; ''Ancient Kamboja, People and Country'' (1981), pp 271-72, 278, J. L. Kamboj; ''These Kamboj People'' (1979), pp 119, 192, K. S. Dardi; ''Kambojas Through the Ages'' (2005), pp 129, 218-19, S Kirpal Singh. J. W. McCrindle says that present-day Afghanistan{{snd}}the Kaofu (Kambu) of [[Hiun Tsang]]{{snd}}was the ancient Kamboja, and the name [[Afghan]] evidently derives from the Ashavakan, the Assakenoi of Arrian (''Alexandra's Invasion of India'', p 38; Megasthenes and Arrian, p 180, J. McCrindle); Thomas H. Holdich, in ''The Gates of India'' (pp 102-03), writes that the [[Aspasians]] ([[Aspasios]]) represent the modern [[Kafirs]]. But the modern Kafirs, especially the [[Siah-Posh Kafirs]] ([[Kamoz]]/[[Camoje]], [[Kamtoz]]), are considered to be descendants of the ancient Kambojas. Other scholars attesting the Ashvakan-Kamboja equation are Romilla Thapar and R. C. Majumdar.</ref> The Ashvayan, Ashvakayan, Kamboja and allied Saka [[clan]]s offered tough resistance to the invader; Ashvakayan women took up arms and joined their men on the field, preferring "a glorious death to a life of dishonor".<ref>Diodorus in Mcgrindle, p 370</ref> Alexander then marched east to the [[Hydaspes]], where [[Porus]], ruler of the kingdom between the Hydaspes (Jhelum) and the Akesines (Chenab), refused to submit to him. The two armies fought the [[Battle of the Hydaspes River]] on the riverbank outside the town of Nikaia (near present-day Jhelum). Porus's army fought bravely, but was no match for Alexander's. When the defiant Raja (wounded and having lost his sons) was brought before Alexander, Alexander asked him, "How should I treat you?" Porus answered, "The way a king treats another king". Alexander returned the conquered kingdom to Porus and added the land between the Akesines (Chenab) and the Hydraotis (Ravi), whose ruler had fled. Alexander's army crossed the Hydraotis and marched east to the Hesidros (Beas). His troops refused to march further east and Alexander turned back, following the Jhelum and the Indus to the Arabian Sea and sailing to Babylon. In the middle of the [[2nd century BC]], the [[Yuezhi]] tribe of present-day China moved west into Central Asia; this caused the Sakas (Scythians) to move west and south. The Northern Sakas (also known as the [[Indo-Scythian]]s) moved into Bactria and crossed the [[Hindu Kush]] into India, successfully taking power from the Indo-Greeks. They were followed by the Yuezhi, who were known in India as the [[Kushan]]s or Kushanas. The Kushanas founded a kingdom in the 1st century that lasted for several centuries. The Indo-Scythians and the Kushans embraced [[Buddhism]] and absorbed elements of Indo-Greek art and culture. Another [[Central Asia]]n people who settled in Punjab were the [[Hephthalite]]s (White Huns), who continuously campaigned from across the Hindu Kush and established their rule in India in the fifth century. === Muhammed Bin Qasim's invasion of Punjab === Many Cheemas were oppressed by the Hindu king [[Raja Dahir]], who ruled Buddhist Punjab.<ref>[[Ram Swarup Joon]]: ''History of the Jats'', [[Rohtak]], [[India]] (1938, 1967)</ref> They allied with the Muslim [[Arabs]] and hailed the [[invasion]] by [[Muhammad bin Qasim]], an Arab general. Muhammad bin Qasim defeated the Hindu [[Raja Dahir]] in alliance with the [[Jat]]s and other Buddhist [[Rajas]]. When he arrived in [[Brahmanabad]], 6,000 to 16,000 men died in battle. Buddhists and the Jat [[Meds (tribe)|Meds]] and [[Bhutto (tribe)|Bhutto]] tribes hailed him as a rescuer from tyranny by Chach and his family (who were seen as usurpers of the [[Rai Dynasty]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uidaho.edu/class|title=College of Letters, Arts and Social Sciences|website=www.uidaho.edu}}</ref> The historian [[Baladhuri]] wrote, "[The] people of Hind wept for Qasim and preserved his likeness at Karaj".{{Full citation needed|date=June 2025}} The 13th-century ''[[Chach Nama]]'' notes the following as highlights of Qasim’s rule: * He permitted all to practice their religion freely. * Hindus were included in the [[Ahl al Kitab]]. * The status of [[Dhimmi]]s (protected people) was given to [[Hindu]]s and [[Buddhist]]s. * Property destroyed during hostilities was paid for. * As a sign of respect to his Hindu population, cow slaughter was banned in [[Sindh]] and [[Multan]]. According to [[w:Manan Ahmed Asif|Manan Ahmed Asif]], however, the ''Chach Nama'' is unreliable as an historical source. === Oppression of the Jats === The rulers before [[Islam]] were [[Siharus]], [[Sahasi II]], [[Chach]], and [[Dahir]]. The first two were [[Buddhist]] [[Rajputs]] , and the last two were [[Hinduism|Hindus]]. The new Brahmin rulers were unfriendly to the Buddhists in [[Sind]] at the time, and were cruel to the peasants. The Jats lost many [[civil right]]s. "When Chach, the Brahmim chamberlain who usurped the throne of chach King went to [[Brahmanabad]], he enjoined upon the Jats and [[Lohanas]] not to carry swords, avoid velvet or silken cloth, ride horses without saddles and walk about bare-headed and bare-footed".<ref>''Sindhi Culture'' by [[U.T Thakur]]. [[Bombay]] (1959)</ref> For this reason, [[Muhammad bin Qasim]] received cooperation from the Buddhists, the Jats and the Meds during his campaign in Sind.<ref>''An advanced history of India'' by Ramesh Chandra Majumdar; Hemchandra Raychaudhuri; Kalikinkar Datta [[Delhi]]: Macmillan [[India]], 1973.</ref> === <span class="anchor" id="Cheemas today"></span>Present day === The Cheema have the largest number of seats in the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]] and [[Senate of Pakistan]] in Punjab. Nisar Ahmad Cheema from NA-79 leads the Cheemas in the National Assembly, and his ancestors have done so for the past six decades. This Cheema family is the largest and the most powerful, supplying a large number of civil servants, judges, police officials, federal and provincial ministers, and a president of Pakistan. Many Cheemas have emigrated, establishing successful careers in aid agencies, armies and other professions. They are found in the United States, Canada, and Australia. The Cheemas control a number of Pakistani districts, such as Gujranwala. Autar Singh Cheema was the first Pakistan-born Indian national to climb Mount Everest, on 20 May 1965. After retiring from the Indian Army, he lived in his ancestral village at Chak Sri Ganganagar in Rajasthan, India.<ref>Ajay Singh Cheema contact no in India 09779177770</ref> Many Cheemas have settled in England after participating in both world wars in the Indian Army. The Cheema clan in Nurmahal (Cheema Kalan and Cheema kurd) lives on the land of the former Noor Jahan (the Persian Queen), the twentieth and last wife of the Mughal emperor Jahangir, and the queen's secret underground passages are on Cheema land. Most Cheema land in Nurmahal was given to the clan for their bravery, hard work and dedication to the Indian armed forces. == Hindu scriptures == === <span class="anchor" id="In the Mahabharata"></span>The ''Mahabharata'' === The Udyogaparava of the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' (5/19/21-23) says that a combined army of the Kambojas, Yavanas, and Shakas fought fiercely in the [[Kurukshetra War]] under the command of [[Sudakshina Kamboja]]. Originally noble [[kshatriya]]s, they were demoted to ''[[Vaishya|vrishala]]'' status for not following the sacred Brahmin codes.<ref>[[Mahabharata]] 13/33/20-2.</ref> === <span class="anchor" id="In the Manusmiriti"></span>The Manusmiriti === The [[Manusmriti]] equates the [[Shakas]] with the [[Kambojas]], [[Yavanas]], [[Pahlava]]s, and [[Paradas]], calling them degraded kshatriyas who defied the Brahmin laws and rituals.<ref>Manusmiriti X.43-44</ref> === In the Puranas === In the "[[Puranas]] Darada" the Jatt sub-tribes have been called degrading terms such as [[Rakshasas]] (demons) not having [[darshan]] of the [[Brahmin]].<ref>[[Ram Swarup Joon]]: ''History of the Jats'', [[Rohtak]], [[India]], 1967. (Available online in files section on http://groups.yahoo.com/group/JatHistory/)</ref> == Geography == [[File:Punjab 1909.jpg|thumb|300px|right| [[Punjab region|Punjab]]]] Cheema are most numerous in the [[Amritsar]] district. There are also 42 villages in the [[Patiala]] district. According to Cunningham, this area used to be called "Chima des" ("Des" or "Desh," in the Hindustani language and Punjabi language, means "country"). Many people settled in Montgomery ([[Sahiwal]]) and [[Sandal Bar]] when the British ruled Punjab because of the construction of a large canal network in these areas. The Cheema also have few villages scattered across [[Rawalpindi]], [[Bhawalpur]], [[Amritsar]], [[Gurdaspur]], [[Jalandhar]], NurMahal or Noor Mahal, [[Moga]], [[Ludhiana]], and [[Sangrur]]. In the western Punjab plains, Cheema communities are not generally found past ''Chaj Doab''. In the eastern Punjab plains, they are not were found past the [[Sangrur]] district, until 1947, when many Sikh Cheemas moved from [[Sialkot]] and [[Gujranwala]] to settle in [[Patiala|Village Chak 4e Sri Ganganagar in Rajasthan Patiala]], [[Karnal]], and [[Sirsa]] after partition of the [[Punjab region|Punjab]]. Some families also moved afterward [[Udhamsingh nagar]](Uttrakhand), [[Pilibhit]], [[Puranpur]], and [[Rampur]] (Utter pradesh). This region is called Mini Punjab and the Terai Region. In Pakistan, [[Sialkot]] and [[Gujranwala|Gujranwal]] districts both have large Cheema populations with many Cheema villages, such as Chak 4e in Sri Ganganagar (Raj) Begowal, Verowala Cheema Jamke Cheema, Tajokay Cheema, Adamkay Cheema, Bhopalwala, Sahowala, Kamalpur, [[Manpur]], and Lodikay Cheema, and in [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwal]], Baddokey Cheema, Kot Inayat Khan,[[Delawar Cheema]], [[Saroki Cheema]], [[Bharoki Cheema]],Varoki Cheema,[[Mansorwali Cheema]], [[Ratti Thatt]], [[Bankay Cheema]], [[Kathor|Kathor, Kalay Wala]], [[Kheway Wali]], [[Wadala Cheema]], [[Phaloki Cheema]], [[Marday Ki]], and [[Chabba Cheema]]. In [[Rawalpindi]] district, there is a [[Gujranwala|village]] near [[Gujar Khan]] which is named [[Sui Cheemian]] and it has a substantial population of Cheemas. In southern Punjab, [[Bahawalpur]] and Yazman have considerable numbers of Cheema families, in great enough numbers that the area elects more than a dozen cabinet members. In India, the Rupnagar and Mohali districts of the Punjab state have large Cheema populations with many Cheema villages, such as Salaura. == References and notes == {{Reflist}} ==Further reading== * [[The Chach-Nama]]. English translation by [[Mirza Kalichbeg Fredunbeg]]. [[Delhi]] Reprint, 1979. * [[40 Families of Pakistan 1947]] * Sir [[Denzil Ibbetson]], Delhi 2002, p115 (''Panjab Castes'') * [[Ram Swarup Joon]] - ''[[History of the Jatt]]'' * [[Arabian]] historian [[Ahmad Ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri]] * [[Annals]], [[James Todd]]; ''[[History of Sikhs]]'', [[Alexander Cunningham]]; ''Glossary of Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and NWFP'' * [[H A Rose]] - ''Glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|NWFP]], '' [[Category:Ethnic groups in India]] [[Category:Tribes of Pakistan]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Pakistan]] [[Category:Punjabi people]] qs0mkclrtudsu1rrmsbr8qtljcmv2q4 10368014 10368004 2025-07-02T17:54:09Z Miniapolis 471808 /* In the Puranas */Copyedit 10368014 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cheema''' (Shahmukhi: '''چیمہ''', : '''ਚੀਮਾ'''), also spelled '''Chima''', is a group of [[Jats]] in [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] who are known as warriors.<ref name="ReferenceA">''(Glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|NWFP]], H A Rose)''</ref> Jats are a large group in the [[Punjab region]], and Cheemas are a major Jat sub-clan. They speak [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], and are often large landowners. Most Cheema clans who are [[Muslim]]s live in West [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]], and many [[Sikh]]s live in the East Punjab of India.{{fact|date=May 2025}} == History == The Cheema tribe was called "Shaka" in India, from the name ([[Saka]]) used by the Persians. After the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' wars (1500-500 BC), the Shakas often mentioned in texts like the Puranas, the [[Manusmriti]], the ''[[Ramayana]]'', the ''[[Mahabharata]]'', the Mahabhasiya by [[Patanjali]], the Brhat Samhita of Vraha Mihira, the Kavyamimamsa, the Brihat-Katha-Manjari, and the Katha-Saritsagara.<ref>Chowduri, J. (2012). Caste system, social inequalities and reservation policy in india: Class, caste, social policy and governance through social justice. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing.</ref> The "Sikh Jatts" (Cheema, Sandhu and Gill) live in the Indian Punjab, the "Muslim Jutts" (Chattha, Cheema and Warraich) live in the Pakistani Punjab, and the Cheema/Chattha Jatts are said to be descended from Maharaja Prithvi Raj Chohan, the sovereign of [[Delhi]].{{Cn|date=May 2025}} === <span class="anchor" id="Invasion of India (180 BC onward)"></span>Invasion of India (after 180 BC) === The Vanaparava of the ''Mahabharata'' has a [[prophecy]] that the kings of the Shakas, Yavanas, Kambojas, Bahlikas, and Abhiras would rule poorly during the [[Kali Yuga]] (MBH 3/188/34-36). === Alexander's invasion of Punjab === [[Alexander the Great|Alexander]] took over the [[Achaemenid dynasty|Achaemenid Empire]] in 331 BC, and marched into present-day [[Afghanistan]] with an army of 50,000. His scribes do not mention [[Gandhara]] or [[Kamboja]]; instead, they name twelve small countries in those territories. This means that Gandhara and Kamboja were not have been very great [[kingdom]]s in the late 4th century BC. In 326 BC, most of these twelve or so countries in the Gandhara Kamboja [[Mahajanapadas]] were taken over by the [[Macedon]]ian conqueror. Alexander invited the chieftains of the former satrapy of Gandhara to come to him and submit to his authority. [[Ambhi]], ruler of [[Taxila]], whose kingdom extended from the [[Indus River|Indus]] to the Hydaspes ([[Jhelum River|Jhelum]]), agreed. After confirming him as [[satrap]], Alexander marched against the [[Saka]]s (Cheemas are considered to be descendants of the Sakas) and Kamboja highlanders of the [[Kunar River|Kunar]] and [[Swat River|Swat]] [[valley]]s known in Greek texts as [[Aspasios]] and [[Assakenois]] and in Indian texts as [[Ashvayana]] and [[Ashvakayana]] who had refused to submit to Alexander.<ref>For Kamboja and [[Ashvaka]] (Assakenois/Aspasios) relations, see: ''Panjab Past and Present'', pp. 9-10; ''History of Porus'', pp. 12, 38, Buddha Parkash; ''Histoire du Bouddhisme Indien'', p 110, E. Lamotte; ''Political History of Ancient India'' (1996), p 133, 216-17, (and commentary p 576 fn 22), H. C. Raychaudhury, B. N. Mukerjee; ''Hindu Polity'' (1978), pp 121, 140, K. P. Jayswal; ''Ancient Kamboja, People and Country'' (1981), pp 271-72, 278, J. L. Kamboj; ''These Kamboj People'' (1979), pp 119, 192, K. S. Dardi; ''Kambojas Through the Ages'' (2005), pp 129, 218-19, S Kirpal Singh. J. W. McCrindle says that present-day Afghanistan{{snd}}the Kaofu (Kambu) of [[Hiun Tsang]]{{snd}}was the ancient Kamboja, and the name [[Afghan]] evidently derives from the Ashavakan, the Assakenoi of Arrian (''Alexandra's Invasion of India'', p 38; Megasthenes and Arrian, p 180, J. McCrindle); Thomas H. Holdich, in ''The Gates of India'' (pp 102-03), writes that the [[Aspasians]] ([[Aspasios]]) represent the modern [[Kafirs]]. But the modern Kafirs, especially the [[Siah-Posh Kafirs]] ([[Kamoz]]/[[Camoje]], [[Kamtoz]]), are considered to be descendants of the ancient Kambojas. Other scholars attesting the Ashvakan-Kamboja equation are Romilla Thapar and R. C. Majumdar.</ref> The Ashvayan, Ashvakayan, Kamboja and allied Saka [[clan]]s offered tough resistance to the invader; Ashvakayan women took up arms and joined their men on the field, preferring "a glorious death to a life of dishonor".<ref>Diodorus in Mcgrindle, p 370</ref> Alexander then marched east to the [[Hydaspes]], where [[Porus]], ruler of the kingdom between the Hydaspes (Jhelum) and the Akesines (Chenab), refused to submit to him. The two armies fought the [[Battle of the Hydaspes River]] on the riverbank outside the town of Nikaia (near present-day Jhelum). Porus's army fought bravely, but was no match for Alexander's. When the defiant Raja (wounded and having lost his sons) was brought before Alexander, Alexander asked him, "How should I treat you?" Porus answered, "The way a king treats another king". Alexander returned the conquered kingdom to Porus and added the land between the Akesines (Chenab) and the Hydraotis (Ravi), whose ruler had fled. Alexander's army crossed the Hydraotis and marched east to the Hesidros (Beas). His troops refused to march further east and Alexander turned back, following the Jhelum and the Indus to the Arabian Sea and sailing to Babylon. In the middle of the [[2nd century BC]], the [[Yuezhi]] tribe of present-day China moved west into Central Asia; this caused the Sakas (Scythians) to move west and south. The Northern Sakas (also known as the [[Indo-Scythian]]s) moved into Bactria and crossed the [[Hindu Kush]] into India, successfully taking power from the Indo-Greeks. They were followed by the Yuezhi, who were known in India as the [[Kushan]]s or Kushanas. The Kushanas founded a kingdom in the 1st century that lasted for several centuries. The Indo-Scythians and the Kushans embraced [[Buddhism]] and absorbed elements of Indo-Greek art and culture. Another [[Central Asia]]n people who settled in Punjab were the [[Hephthalite]]s (White Huns), who continuously campaigned from across the Hindu Kush and established their rule in India in the fifth century. === Muhammed Bin Qasim's invasion of Punjab === Many Cheemas were oppressed by the Hindu king [[Raja Dahir]], who ruled Buddhist Punjab.<ref>[[Ram Swarup Joon]]: ''History of the Jats'', [[Rohtak]], [[India]] (1938, 1967)</ref> They allied with the Muslim [[Arabs]] and hailed the [[invasion]] by [[Muhammad bin Qasim]], an Arab general. Muhammad bin Qasim defeated the Hindu [[Raja Dahir]] in alliance with the [[Jat]]s and other Buddhist [[Rajas]]. When he arrived in [[Brahmanabad]], 6,000 to 16,000 men died in battle. Buddhists and the Jat [[Meds (tribe)|Meds]] and [[Bhutto (tribe)|Bhutto]] tribes hailed him as a rescuer from tyranny by Chach and his family (who were seen as usurpers of the [[Rai Dynasty]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uidaho.edu/class|title=College of Letters, Arts and Social Sciences|website=www.uidaho.edu}}</ref> The historian [[Baladhuri]] wrote, "[The] people of Hind wept for Qasim and preserved his likeness at Karaj".{{Full citation needed|date=June 2025}} The 13th-century ''[[Chach Nama]]'' notes the following as highlights of Qasim’s rule: * He permitted all to practice their religion freely. * Hindus were included in the [[Ahl al Kitab]]. * The status of [[Dhimmi]]s (protected people) was given to [[Hindu]]s and [[Buddhist]]s. * Property destroyed during hostilities was paid for. * As a sign of respect to his Hindu population, cow slaughter was banned in [[Sindh]] and [[Multan]]. According to [[w:Manan Ahmed Asif|Manan Ahmed Asif]], however, the ''Chach Nama'' is unreliable as an historical source. === Oppression of the Jats === The rulers before [[Islam]] were [[Siharus]], [[Sahasi II]], [[Chach]], and [[Dahir]]. The first two were [[Buddhist]] [[Rajputs]] , and the last two were [[Hinduism|Hindus]]. The new Brahmin rulers were unfriendly to the Buddhists in [[Sind]] at the time, and were cruel to the peasants. The Jats lost many [[civil right]]s. "When Chach, the Brahmim chamberlain who usurped the throne of chach King went to [[Brahmanabad]], he enjoined upon the Jats and [[Lohanas]] not to carry swords, avoid velvet or silken cloth, ride horses without saddles and walk about bare-headed and bare-footed".<ref>''Sindhi Culture'' by [[U.T Thakur]]. [[Bombay]] (1959)</ref> For this reason, [[Muhammad bin Qasim]] received cooperation from the Buddhists, the Jats and the Meds during his campaign in Sind.<ref>''An advanced history of India'' by Ramesh Chandra Majumdar; Hemchandra Raychaudhuri; Kalikinkar Datta [[Delhi]]: Macmillan [[India]], 1973.</ref> === <span class="anchor" id="Cheemas today"></span>Present day === The Cheema have the largest number of seats in the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]] and [[Senate of Pakistan]] in Punjab. Nisar Ahmad Cheema from NA-79 leads the Cheemas in the National Assembly, and his ancestors have done so for the past six decades. This Cheema family is the largest and the most powerful, supplying a large number of civil servants, judges, police officials, federal and provincial ministers, and a president of Pakistan. Many Cheemas have emigrated, establishing successful careers in aid agencies, armies and other professions. They are found in the United States, Canada, and Australia. The Cheemas control a number of Pakistani districts, such as Gujranwala. Autar Singh Cheema was the first Pakistan-born Indian national to climb Mount Everest, on 20 May 1965. After retiring from the Indian Army, he lived in his ancestral village at Chak Sri Ganganagar in Rajasthan, India.<ref>Ajay Singh Cheema contact no in India 09779177770</ref> Many Cheemas have settled in England after participating in both world wars in the Indian Army. The Cheema clan in Nurmahal (Cheema Kalan and Cheema kurd) lives on the land of the former Noor Jahan (the Persian Queen), the twentieth and last wife of the Mughal emperor Jahangir, and the queen's secret underground passages are on Cheema land. Most Cheema land in Nurmahal was given to the clan for their bravery, hard work and dedication to the Indian armed forces. == Hindu scriptures == === <span class="anchor" id="In the Mahabharata"></span>The ''Mahabharata'' === The Udyogaparava of the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' (5/19/21-23) says that a combined army of the Kambojas, Yavanas, and Shakas fought fiercely in the [[Kurukshetra War]] under the command of [[Sudakshina Kamboja]]. Originally noble [[kshatriya]]s, they were demoted to ''[[Vaishya|vrishala]]'' status for not following the sacred Brahmin codes.<ref>[[Mahabharata]] 13/33/20-2.</ref> === <span class="anchor" id="In the Manusmiriti"></span>The Manusmiriti === The [[Manusmriti]] equates the [[Shakas]] with the [[Kambojas]], [[Yavanas]], [[Pahlava]]s, and [[Paradas]], calling them degraded kshatriyas who defied the Brahmin laws and rituals.<ref>Manusmiriti X.43-44</ref> === <span class="anchor" id="In the Puranas"></span>The Puranas === In the "[[Puranas]] Darada", the Jat sub-tribes have been called ''[[rakshasas]]'' (demons) who do not have the [[darshan]] of the [[brahmin]].<ref>[[Ram Swarup Joon]], ''History of the Jats''. [[Rohtak]], [[India]], 1967 (Available online in the files section of [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/JatHistory/]).</ref> == Geography == [[File:Punjab 1909.jpg|thumb|300px|right| [[Punjab region|Punjab]]]] Cheema are most numerous in the [[Amritsar]] district. There are also 42 villages in the [[Patiala]] district. According to Cunningham, this area used to be called "Chima des" ("Des" or "Desh," in the Hindustani language and Punjabi language, means "country"). Many people settled in Montgomery ([[Sahiwal]]) and [[Sandal Bar]] when the British ruled Punjab because of the construction of a large canal network in these areas. The Cheema also have few villages scattered across [[Rawalpindi]], [[Bhawalpur]], [[Amritsar]], [[Gurdaspur]], [[Jalandhar]], NurMahal or Noor Mahal, [[Moga]], [[Ludhiana]], and [[Sangrur]]. In the western Punjab plains, Cheema communities are not generally found past ''Chaj Doab''. In the eastern Punjab plains, they are not were found past the [[Sangrur]] district, until 1947, when many Sikh Cheemas moved from [[Sialkot]] and [[Gujranwala]] to settle in [[Patiala|Village Chak 4e Sri Ganganagar in Rajasthan Patiala]], [[Karnal]], and [[Sirsa]] after partition of the [[Punjab region|Punjab]]. Some families also moved afterward [[Udhamsingh nagar]](Uttrakhand), [[Pilibhit]], [[Puranpur]], and [[Rampur]] (Utter pradesh). This region is called Mini Punjab and the Terai Region. In Pakistan, [[Sialkot]] and [[Gujranwala|Gujranwal]] districts both have large Cheema populations with many Cheema villages, such as Chak 4e in Sri Ganganagar (Raj) Begowal, Verowala Cheema Jamke Cheema, Tajokay Cheema, Adamkay Cheema, Bhopalwala, Sahowala, Kamalpur, [[Manpur]], and Lodikay Cheema, and in [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwal]], Baddokey Cheema, Kot Inayat Khan,[[Delawar Cheema]], [[Saroki Cheema]], [[Bharoki Cheema]],Varoki Cheema,[[Mansorwali Cheema]], [[Ratti Thatt]], [[Bankay Cheema]], [[Kathor|Kathor, Kalay Wala]], [[Kheway Wali]], [[Wadala Cheema]], [[Phaloki Cheema]], [[Marday Ki]], and [[Chabba Cheema]]. In [[Rawalpindi]] district, there is a [[Gujranwala|village]] near [[Gujar Khan]] which is named [[Sui Cheemian]] and it has a substantial population of Cheemas. In southern Punjab, [[Bahawalpur]] and Yazman have considerable numbers of Cheema families, in great enough numbers that the area elects more than a dozen cabinet members. In India, the Rupnagar and Mohali districts of the Punjab state have large Cheema populations with many Cheema villages, such as Salaura. == References and notes == {{Reflist}} ==Further reading== * [[The Chach-Nama]]. English translation by [[Mirza Kalichbeg Fredunbeg]]. [[Delhi]] Reprint, 1979. * [[40 Families of Pakistan 1947]] * Sir [[Denzil Ibbetson]], Delhi 2002, p115 (''Panjab Castes'') * [[Ram Swarup Joon]] - ''[[History of the Jatt]]'' * [[Arabian]] historian [[Ahmad Ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri]] * [[Annals]], [[James Todd]]; ''[[History of Sikhs]]'', [[Alexander Cunningham]]; ''Glossary of Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and NWFP'' * [[H A Rose]] - ''Glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|NWFP]], '' [[Category:Ethnic groups in India]] [[Category:Tribes of Pakistan]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Pakistan]] [[Category:Punjabi people]] gp7sdmv3f6ix6xeip935wbddx8tugb0 10368054 10368014 2025-07-02T18:22:50Z Miniapolis 471808 /* Geography */Copyedit, format 10368054 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cheema''' (Shahmukhi: '''چیمہ''', : '''ਚੀਮਾ'''), also spelled '''Chima''', is a group of [[Jats]] in [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] who are known as warriors.<ref name="ReferenceA">''(Glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|NWFP]], H A Rose)''</ref> Jats are a large group in the [[Punjab region]], and Cheemas are a major Jat sub-clan. They speak [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], and are often large landowners. Most Cheema clans who are [[Muslim]]s live in West [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]], and many [[Sikh]]s live in the East Punjab of India.{{fact|date=May 2025}} == History == The Cheema tribe was called "Shaka" in India, from the name ([[Saka]]) used by the Persians. After the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' wars (1500-500 BC), the Shakas often mentioned in texts like the Puranas, the [[Manusmriti]], the ''[[Ramayana]]'', the ''[[Mahabharata]]'', the Mahabhasiya by [[Patanjali]], the Brhat Samhita of Vraha Mihira, the Kavyamimamsa, the Brihat-Katha-Manjari, and the Katha-Saritsagara.<ref>Chowduri, J. (2012). Caste system, social inequalities and reservation policy in india: Class, caste, social policy and governance through social justice. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing.</ref> The "Sikh Jatts" (Cheema, Sandhu and Gill) live in the Indian Punjab, the "Muslim Jutts" (Chattha, Cheema and Warraich) live in the Pakistani Punjab, and the Cheema/Chattha Jatts are said to be descended from Maharaja Prithvi Raj Chohan, the sovereign of [[Delhi]].{{Cn|date=May 2025}} === <span class="anchor" id="Invasion of India (180 BC onward)"></span>Invasion of India (after 180 BC) === The Vanaparava of the ''Mahabharata'' has a [[prophecy]] that the kings of the Shakas, Yavanas, Kambojas, Bahlikas, and Abhiras would rule poorly during the [[Kali Yuga]] (MBH 3/188/34-36). === Alexander's invasion of Punjab === [[Alexander the Great|Alexander]] took over the [[Achaemenid dynasty|Achaemenid Empire]] in 331 BC, and marched into present-day [[Afghanistan]] with an army of 50,000. His scribes do not mention [[Gandhara]] or [[Kamboja]]; instead, they name twelve small countries in those territories. This means that Gandhara and Kamboja were not have been very great [[kingdom]]s in the late 4th century BC. In 326 BC, most of these twelve or so countries in the Gandhara Kamboja [[Mahajanapadas]] were taken over by the [[Macedon]]ian conqueror. Alexander invited the chieftains of the former satrapy of Gandhara to come to him and submit to his authority. [[Ambhi]], ruler of [[Taxila]], whose kingdom extended from the [[Indus River|Indus]] to the Hydaspes ([[Jhelum River|Jhelum]]), agreed. After confirming him as [[satrap]], Alexander marched against the [[Saka]]s (Cheemas are considered to be descendants of the Sakas) and Kamboja highlanders of the [[Kunar River|Kunar]] and [[Swat River|Swat]] [[valley]]s known in Greek texts as [[Aspasios]] and [[Assakenois]] and in Indian texts as [[Ashvayana]] and [[Ashvakayana]] who had refused to submit to Alexander.<ref>For Kamboja and [[Ashvaka]] (Assakenois/Aspasios) relations, see: ''Panjab Past and Present'', pp. 9-10; ''History of Porus'', pp. 12, 38, Buddha Parkash; ''Histoire du Bouddhisme Indien'', p 110, E. Lamotte; ''Political History of Ancient India'' (1996), p 133, 216-17, (and commentary p 576 fn 22), H. C. Raychaudhury, B. N. Mukerjee; ''Hindu Polity'' (1978), pp 121, 140, K. P. Jayswal; ''Ancient Kamboja, People and Country'' (1981), pp 271-72, 278, J. L. Kamboj; ''These Kamboj People'' (1979), pp 119, 192, K. S. Dardi; ''Kambojas Through the Ages'' (2005), pp 129, 218-19, S Kirpal Singh. J. W. McCrindle says that present-day Afghanistan{{snd}}the Kaofu (Kambu) of [[Hiun Tsang]]{{snd}}was the ancient Kamboja, and the name [[Afghan]] evidently derives from the Ashavakan, the Assakenoi of Arrian (''Alexandra's Invasion of India'', p 38; Megasthenes and Arrian, p 180, J. McCrindle); Thomas H. Holdich, in ''The Gates of India'' (pp 102-03), writes that the [[Aspasians]] ([[Aspasios]]) represent the modern [[Kafirs]]. But the modern Kafirs, especially the [[Siah-Posh Kafirs]] ([[Kamoz]]/[[Camoje]], [[Kamtoz]]), are considered to be descendants of the ancient Kambojas. Other scholars attesting the Ashvakan-Kamboja equation are Romilla Thapar and R. C. Majumdar.</ref> The Ashvayan, Ashvakayan, Kamboja and allied Saka [[clan]]s offered tough resistance to the invader; Ashvakayan women took up arms and joined their men on the field, preferring "a glorious death to a life of dishonor".<ref>Diodorus in Mcgrindle, p 370</ref> Alexander then marched east to the [[Hydaspes]], where [[Porus]], ruler of the kingdom between the Hydaspes (Jhelum) and the Akesines (Chenab), refused to submit to him. The two armies fought the [[Battle of the Hydaspes River]] on the riverbank outside the town of Nikaia (near present-day Jhelum). Porus's army fought bravely, but was no match for Alexander's. When the defiant Raja (wounded and having lost his sons) was brought before Alexander, Alexander asked him, "How should I treat you?" Porus answered, "The way a king treats another king". Alexander returned the conquered kingdom to Porus and added the land between the Akesines (Chenab) and the Hydraotis (Ravi), whose ruler had fled. Alexander's army crossed the Hydraotis and marched east to the Hesidros (Beas). His troops refused to march further east and Alexander turned back, following the Jhelum and the Indus to the Arabian Sea and sailing to Babylon. In the middle of the [[2nd century BC]], the [[Yuezhi]] tribe of present-day China moved west into Central Asia; this caused the Sakas (Scythians) to move west and south. The Northern Sakas (also known as the [[Indo-Scythian]]s) moved into Bactria and crossed the [[Hindu Kush]] into India, successfully taking power from the Indo-Greeks. They were followed by the Yuezhi, who were known in India as the [[Kushan]]s or Kushanas. The Kushanas founded a kingdom in the 1st century that lasted for several centuries. The Indo-Scythians and the Kushans embraced [[Buddhism]] and absorbed elements of Indo-Greek art and culture. Another [[Central Asia]]n people who settled in Punjab were the [[Hephthalite]]s (White Huns), who continuously campaigned from across the Hindu Kush and established their rule in India in the fifth century. === Muhammed Bin Qasim's invasion of Punjab === Many Cheemas were oppressed by the Hindu king [[Raja Dahir]], who ruled Buddhist Punjab.<ref>[[Ram Swarup Joon]]: ''History of the Jats'', [[Rohtak]], [[India]] (1938, 1967)</ref> They allied with the Muslim [[Arabs]] and hailed the [[invasion]] by [[Muhammad bin Qasim]], an Arab general. Muhammad bin Qasim defeated the Hindu [[Raja Dahir]] in alliance with the [[Jat]]s and other Buddhist [[Rajas]]. When he arrived in [[Brahmanabad]], 6,000 to 16,000 men died in battle. Buddhists and the Jat [[Meds (tribe)|Meds]] and [[Bhutto (tribe)|Bhutto]] tribes hailed him as a rescuer from tyranny by Chach and his family (who were seen as usurpers of the [[Rai Dynasty]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uidaho.edu/class|title=College of Letters, Arts and Social Sciences|website=www.uidaho.edu}}</ref> The historian [[Baladhuri]] wrote, "[The] people of Hind wept for Qasim and preserved his likeness at Karaj".{{Full citation needed|date=June 2025}} The 13th-century ''[[Chach Nama]]'' notes the following as highlights of Qasim’s rule: * He permitted all to practice their religion freely. * Hindus were included in the [[Ahl al Kitab]]. * The status of [[Dhimmi]]s (protected people) was given to [[Hindu]]s and [[Buddhist]]s. * Property destroyed during hostilities was paid for. * As a sign of respect to his Hindu population, cow slaughter was banned in [[Sindh]] and [[Multan]]. According to [[w:Manan Ahmed Asif|Manan Ahmed Asif]], however, the ''Chach Nama'' is unreliable as an historical source. === Oppression of the Jats === The rulers before [[Islam]] were [[Siharus]], [[Sahasi II]], [[Chach]], and [[Dahir]]. The first two were [[Buddhist]] [[Rajputs]] , and the last two were [[Hinduism|Hindus]]. The new Brahmin rulers were unfriendly to the Buddhists in [[Sind]] at the time, and were cruel to the peasants. The Jats lost many [[civil right]]s. "When Chach, the Brahmim chamberlain who usurped the throne of chach King went to [[Brahmanabad]], he enjoined upon the Jats and [[Lohanas]] not to carry swords, avoid velvet or silken cloth, ride horses without saddles and walk about bare-headed and bare-footed".<ref>''Sindhi Culture'' by [[U.T Thakur]]. [[Bombay]] (1959)</ref> For this reason, [[Muhammad bin Qasim]] received cooperation from the Buddhists, the Jats and the Meds during his campaign in Sind.<ref>''An advanced history of India'' by Ramesh Chandra Majumdar; Hemchandra Raychaudhuri; Kalikinkar Datta [[Delhi]]: Macmillan [[India]], 1973.</ref> === <span class="anchor" id="Cheemas today"></span>Present day === The Cheema have the largest number of seats in the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]] and [[Senate of Pakistan]] in Punjab. Nisar Ahmad Cheema from NA-79 leads the Cheemas in the National Assembly, and his ancestors have done so for the past six decades. This Cheema family is the largest and the most powerful, supplying a large number of civil servants, judges, police officials, federal and provincial ministers, and a president of Pakistan. Many Cheemas have emigrated, establishing successful careers in aid agencies, armies and other professions. They are found in the United States, Canada, and Australia. The Cheemas control a number of Pakistani districts, such as Gujranwala. Autar Singh Cheema was the first Pakistan-born Indian national to climb Mount Everest, on 20 May 1965. After retiring from the Indian Army, he lived in his ancestral village at Chak Sri Ganganagar in Rajasthan, India.<ref>Ajay Singh Cheema contact no in India 09779177770</ref> Many Cheemas have settled in England after participating in both world wars in the Indian Army. The Cheema clan in Nurmahal (Cheema Kalan and Cheema kurd) lives on the land of the former Noor Jahan (the Persian Queen), the twentieth and last wife of the Mughal emperor Jahangir, and the queen's secret underground passages are on Cheema land. Most Cheema land in Nurmahal was given to the clan for their bravery, hard work and dedication to the Indian armed forces. == Hindu scriptures == === <span class="anchor" id="In the Mahabharata"></span>The ''Mahabharata'' === The Udyogaparava of the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' (5/19/21-23) says that a combined army of the Kambojas, Yavanas, and Shakas fought fiercely in the [[Kurukshetra War]] under the command of [[Sudakshina Kamboja]]. Originally noble [[kshatriya]]s, they were demoted to ''[[Vaishya|vrishala]]'' status for not following the sacred Brahmin codes.<ref>[[Mahabharata]] 13/33/20-2.</ref> === <span class="anchor" id="In the Manusmiriti"></span>The Manusmiriti === The [[Manusmriti]] equates the [[Shakas]] with the [[Kambojas]], [[Yavanas]], [[Pahlava]]s, and [[Paradas]], calling them degraded kshatriyas who defied the Brahmin laws and rituals.<ref>Manusmiriti X.43-44</ref> === <span class="anchor" id="In the Puranas"></span>The Puranas === In the "[[Puranas]] Darada", the Jat sub-tribes have been called ''[[rakshasas]]'' (demons) who do not have the [[darshan]] of the [[brahmin]].<ref>[[Ram Swarup Joon]], ''History of the Jats''. [[Rohtak]], [[India]], 1967 (Available online in the files section of [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/JatHistory/]).</ref> == Geography == [[File:Punjab 1909.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|alt=See caption|A map of [[Punjab region|Punjab]] from 1909]] The Cheema are most numerous in [[Amritsar district]], and there are 42 villages in [[Patiala]] district. According to Alexander Cunningham, this area was called "Chima des" (''des'' or ''desh'' means "country" in the [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] and [[Punjabi language]]s). Many people settled in Montgomery ([[Sahiwal]]) and [[Sandal Bar]] when the British ruled Punjab because of the construction of a large canal network in these areas. The Cheema also have a few villages scattered across [[Rawalpindi]], [[Bhawalpur]], [[Amritsar]], [[Gurdaspur]], [[Jalandhar]], NurMahal (or Noor Mahal), [[Moga]], [[Ludhiana]], and [[Sangrur]]. In the western Punjab plains, Cheema communities are not generally found past Chaj Doab. They were not found past [[Sangrur]] district in the eastern plains until 1947, when many Sikh Cheemas moved from [[Sialkot]] and [[Gujranwala]] to settle in Patiala, [[Karnal]], and [[Sirsa]] after the partition of the Punjab. Some families later moved to [[Udhamsingh nagar]] ([[Uttrakhand]]), [[Pilibhit]], [[Puranpur]], and [[Rampur]] ([[Uttar Pradesh]]). This area is known as "Mini-Punjab" and the Terai Region. In Pakistan, [[Sialkot]] and [[Gujranwala|Gujranwal]] districts have large Cheema populations and many Cheema villages such as Chak 4e in Sri Ganganagar (Raj) Begowal, Verowala Cheema Jamke Cheema, Tajokay Cheema, Adamkay Cheema, Bhopalwala, Sahowala, Kamalpur, [[Manpur]], and Lodikay Cheema. [[Gujranwala District]] has Baddokey Cheema, Kot Inayat Khan,[[Delawar Cheema]], [[Saroki Cheema]], [[Bharoki Cheema]],Varoki Cheema,[[Mansorwali Cheema]], [[Ratti Thatt]], [[Bankay Cheema]], [[Kathor|Kathor, Kalay Wala]], [[Kheway Wali]], [[Wadala Cheema]], [[Phaloki Cheema]], [[Marday Ki]], and [[Chabba Cheema]]. [[Sui Cheemian]], a [[Gujranwala|village]] near [[Gujar Khan]] in [[Rawalpindi District]], has a substantial Cheema population. [[Bahawalpur]] and Yazman in southern Punjab have considerable numbers of Cheema families, and have elected more than a dozen cabinet members. The Rupnagar and Mohali districts of the Indian [[Punjab, India|Punjab state]] have large Cheema populations and many Cheema villages, such as Salaura. == References and notes == {{Reflist}} ==Further reading== * [[The Chach-Nama]]. English translation by [[Mirza Kalichbeg Fredunbeg]]. [[Delhi]] Reprint, 1979. * [[40 Families of Pakistan 1947]] * Sir [[Denzil Ibbetson]], Delhi 2002, p115 (''Panjab Castes'') * [[Ram Swarup Joon]] - ''[[History of the Jatt]]'' * [[Arabian]] historian [[Ahmad Ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri]] * [[Annals]], [[James Todd]]; ''[[History of Sikhs]]'', [[Alexander Cunningham]]; ''Glossary of Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and NWFP'' * [[H A Rose]] - ''Glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|NWFP]], '' [[Category:Ethnic groups in India]] [[Category:Tribes of Pakistan]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Pakistan]] [[Category:Punjabi people]] tg4u1uzmp81h87esp5ak6j7ie3or59n 10368486 10368054 2025-07-02T23:33:40Z Miniapolis 471808 /* Further reading */Copyedit 10368486 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cheema''' (Shahmukhi: '''چیمہ''', : '''ਚੀਮਾ'''), also spelled '''Chima''', is a group of [[Jats]] in [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] who are known as warriors.<ref name="ReferenceA">''(Glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|NWFP]], H A Rose)''</ref> Jats are a large group in the [[Punjab region]], and Cheemas are a major Jat sub-clan. They speak [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], and are often large landowners. Most Cheema clans who are [[Muslim]]s live in West [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]], and many [[Sikh]]s live in the East Punjab of India.{{fact|date=May 2025}} == History == The Cheema tribe was called "Shaka" in India, from the name ([[Saka]]) used by the Persians. After the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' wars (1500-500 BC), the Shakas often mentioned in texts like the Puranas, the [[Manusmriti]], the ''[[Ramayana]]'', the ''[[Mahabharata]]'', the Mahabhasiya by [[Patanjali]], the Brhat Samhita of Vraha Mihira, the Kavyamimamsa, the Brihat-Katha-Manjari, and the Katha-Saritsagara.<ref>Chowduri, J. (2012). Caste system, social inequalities and reservation policy in india: Class, caste, social policy and governance through social justice. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing.</ref> The "Sikh Jatts" (Cheema, Sandhu and Gill) live in the Indian Punjab, the "Muslim Jutts" (Chattha, Cheema and Warraich) live in the Pakistani Punjab, and the Cheema/Chattha Jatts are said to be descended from Maharaja Prithvi Raj Chohan, the sovereign of [[Delhi]].{{Cn|date=May 2025}} === <span class="anchor" id="Invasion of India (180 BC onward)"></span>Invasion of India (after 180 BC) === The Vanaparava of the ''Mahabharata'' has a [[prophecy]] that the kings of the Shakas, Yavanas, Kambojas, Bahlikas, and Abhiras would rule poorly during the [[Kali Yuga]] (MBH 3/188/34-36). === Alexander's invasion of Punjab === [[Alexander the Great|Alexander]] took over the [[Achaemenid dynasty|Achaemenid Empire]] in 331 BC, and marched into present-day [[Afghanistan]] with an army of 50,000. His scribes do not mention [[Gandhara]] or [[Kamboja]]; instead, they name twelve small countries in those territories. This means that Gandhara and Kamboja were not have been very great [[kingdom]]s in the late 4th century BC. In 326 BC, most of these twelve or so countries in the Gandhara Kamboja [[Mahajanapadas]] were taken over by the [[Macedon]]ian conqueror. Alexander invited the chieftains of the former satrapy of Gandhara to come to him and submit to his authority. [[Ambhi]], ruler of [[Taxila]], whose kingdom extended from the [[Indus River|Indus]] to the Hydaspes ([[Jhelum River|Jhelum]]), agreed. After confirming him as [[satrap]], Alexander marched against the [[Saka]]s (Cheemas are considered to be descendants of the Sakas) and Kamboja highlanders of the [[Kunar River|Kunar]] and [[Swat River|Swat]] [[valley]]s known in Greek texts as [[Aspasios]] and [[Assakenois]] and in Indian texts as [[Ashvayana]] and [[Ashvakayana]] who had refused to submit to Alexander.<ref>For Kamboja and [[Ashvaka]] (Assakenois/Aspasios) relations, see: ''Panjab Past and Present'', pp. 9-10; ''History of Porus'', pp. 12, 38, Buddha Parkash; ''Histoire du Bouddhisme Indien'', p 110, E. Lamotte; ''Political History of Ancient India'' (1996), p 133, 216-17, (and commentary p 576 fn 22), H. C. Raychaudhury, B. N. Mukerjee; ''Hindu Polity'' (1978), pp 121, 140, K. P. Jayswal; ''Ancient Kamboja, People and Country'' (1981), pp 271-72, 278, J. L. Kamboj; ''These Kamboj People'' (1979), pp 119, 192, K. S. Dardi; ''Kambojas Through the Ages'' (2005), pp 129, 218-19, S Kirpal Singh. J. W. McCrindle says that present-day Afghanistan{{snd}}the Kaofu (Kambu) of [[Hiun Tsang]]{{snd}}was the ancient Kamboja, and the name [[Afghan]] evidently derives from the Ashavakan, the Assakenoi of Arrian (''Alexandra's Invasion of India'', p 38; Megasthenes and Arrian, p 180, J. McCrindle); Thomas H. Holdich, in ''The Gates of India'' (pp 102-03), writes that the [[Aspasians]] ([[Aspasios]]) represent the modern [[Kafirs]]. But the modern Kafirs, especially the [[Siah-Posh Kafirs]] ([[Kamoz]]/[[Camoje]], [[Kamtoz]]), are considered to be descendants of the ancient Kambojas. Other scholars attesting the Ashvakan-Kamboja equation are Romilla Thapar and R. C. Majumdar.</ref> The Ashvayan, Ashvakayan, Kamboja and allied Saka [[clan]]s offered tough resistance to the invader; Ashvakayan women took up arms and joined their men on the field, preferring "a glorious death to a life of dishonor".<ref>Diodorus in Mcgrindle, p 370</ref> Alexander then marched east to the [[Hydaspes]], where [[Porus]], ruler of the kingdom between the Hydaspes (Jhelum) and the Akesines (Chenab), refused to submit to him. The two armies fought the [[Battle of the Hydaspes River]] on the riverbank outside the town of Nikaia (near present-day Jhelum). Porus's army fought bravely, but was no match for Alexander's. When the defiant Raja (wounded and having lost his sons) was brought before Alexander, Alexander asked him, "How should I treat you?" Porus answered, "The way a king treats another king". Alexander returned the conquered kingdom to Porus and added the land between the Akesines (Chenab) and the Hydraotis (Ravi), whose ruler had fled. Alexander's army crossed the Hydraotis and marched east to the Hesidros (Beas). His troops refused to march further east and Alexander turned back, following the Jhelum and the Indus to the Arabian Sea and sailing to Babylon. In the middle of the [[2nd century BC]], the [[Yuezhi]] tribe of present-day China moved west into Central Asia; this caused the Sakas (Scythians) to move west and south. The Northern Sakas (also known as the [[Indo-Scythian]]s) moved into Bactria and crossed the [[Hindu Kush]] into India, successfully taking power from the Indo-Greeks. They were followed by the Yuezhi, who were known in India as the [[Kushan]]s or Kushanas. The Kushanas founded a kingdom in the 1st century that lasted for several centuries. The Indo-Scythians and the Kushans embraced [[Buddhism]] and absorbed elements of Indo-Greek art and culture. Another [[Central Asia]]n people who settled in Punjab were the [[Hephthalite]]s (White Huns), who continuously campaigned from across the Hindu Kush and established their rule in India in the fifth century. === Muhammed Bin Qasim's invasion of Punjab === Many Cheemas were oppressed by the Hindu king [[Raja Dahir]], who ruled Buddhist Punjab.<ref>[[Ram Swarup Joon]]: ''History of the Jats'', [[Rohtak]], [[India]] (1938, 1967)</ref> They allied with the Muslim [[Arabs]] and hailed the [[invasion]] by [[Muhammad bin Qasim]], an Arab general. Muhammad bin Qasim defeated the Hindu [[Raja Dahir]] in alliance with the [[Jat]]s and other Buddhist [[Rajas]]. When he arrived in [[Brahmanabad]], 6,000 to 16,000 men died in battle. Buddhists and the Jat [[Meds (tribe)|Meds]] and [[Bhutto (tribe)|Bhutto]] tribes hailed him as a rescuer from tyranny by Chach and his family (who were seen as usurpers of the [[Rai Dynasty]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uidaho.edu/class|title=College of Letters, Arts and Social Sciences|website=www.uidaho.edu}}</ref> The historian [[Baladhuri]] wrote, "[The] people of Hind wept for Qasim and preserved his likeness at Karaj".{{Full citation needed|date=June 2025}} The 13th-century ''[[Chach Nama]]'' notes the following as highlights of Qasim’s rule: * He permitted all to practice their religion freely. * Hindus were included in the [[Ahl al Kitab]]. * The status of [[Dhimmi]]s (protected people) was given to [[Hindu]]s and [[Buddhist]]s. * Property destroyed during hostilities was paid for. * As a sign of respect to his Hindu population, cow slaughter was banned in [[Sindh]] and [[Multan]]. According to [[w:Manan Ahmed Asif|Manan Ahmed Asif]], however, the ''Chach Nama'' is unreliable as an historical source. === Oppression of the Jats === The rulers before [[Islam]] were [[Siharus]], [[Sahasi II]], [[Chach]], and [[Dahir]]. The first two were [[Buddhist]] [[Rajputs]] , and the last two were [[Hinduism|Hindus]]. The new Brahmin rulers were unfriendly to the Buddhists in [[Sind]] at the time, and were cruel to the peasants. The Jats lost many [[civil right]]s. "When Chach, the Brahmim chamberlain who usurped the throne of chach King went to [[Brahmanabad]], he enjoined upon the Jats and [[Lohanas]] not to carry swords, avoid velvet or silken cloth, ride horses without saddles and walk about bare-headed and bare-footed".<ref>''Sindhi Culture'' by [[U.T Thakur]]. [[Bombay]] (1959)</ref> For this reason, [[Muhammad bin Qasim]] received cooperation from the Buddhists, the Jats and the Meds during his campaign in Sind.<ref>''An advanced history of India'' by Ramesh Chandra Majumdar; Hemchandra Raychaudhuri; Kalikinkar Datta [[Delhi]]: Macmillan [[India]], 1973.</ref> === <span class="anchor" id="Cheemas today"></span>Present day === The Cheema have the largest number of seats in the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]] and [[Senate of Pakistan]] in Punjab. Nisar Ahmad Cheema from NA-79 leads the Cheemas in the National Assembly, and his ancestors have done so for the past six decades. This Cheema family is the largest and the most powerful, supplying a large number of civil servants, judges, police officials, federal and provincial ministers, and a president of Pakistan. Many Cheemas have emigrated, establishing successful careers in aid agencies, armies and other professions. They are found in the United States, Canada, and Australia. The Cheemas control a number of Pakistani districts, such as Gujranwala. Autar Singh Cheema was the first Pakistan-born Indian national to climb Mount Everest, on 20 May 1965. After retiring from the Indian Army, he lived in his ancestral village at Chak Sri Ganganagar in Rajasthan, India.<ref>Ajay Singh Cheema contact no in India 09779177770</ref> Many Cheemas have settled in England after participating in both world wars in the Indian Army. The Cheema clan in Nurmahal (Cheema Kalan and Cheema kurd) lives on the land of the former Noor Jahan (the Persian Queen), the twentieth and last wife of the Mughal emperor Jahangir, and the queen's secret underground passages are on Cheema land. Most Cheema land in Nurmahal was given to the clan for their bravery, hard work and dedication to the Indian armed forces. == Hindu scriptures == === <span class="anchor" id="In the Mahabharata"></span>The ''Mahabharata'' === The Udyogaparava of the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' (5/19/21-23) says that a combined army of the Kambojas, Yavanas, and Shakas fought fiercely in the [[Kurukshetra War]] under the command of [[Sudakshina Kamboja]]. Originally noble [[kshatriya]]s, they were demoted to ''[[Vaishya|vrishala]]'' status for not following the sacred Brahmin codes.<ref>[[Mahabharata]] 13/33/20-2.</ref> === <span class="anchor" id="In the Manusmiriti"></span>The Manusmiriti === The [[Manusmriti]] equates the [[Shakas]] with the [[Kambojas]], [[Yavanas]], [[Pahlava]]s, and [[Paradas]], calling them degraded kshatriyas who defied the Brahmin laws and rituals.<ref>Manusmiriti X.43-44</ref> === <span class="anchor" id="In the Puranas"></span>The Puranas === In the "[[Puranas]] Darada", the Jat sub-tribes have been called ''[[rakshasas]]'' (demons) who do not have the [[darshan]] of the [[brahmin]].<ref>[[Ram Swarup Joon]], ''History of the Jats''. [[Rohtak]], [[India]], 1967 (Available online in the files section of [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/JatHistory/]).</ref> == Geography == [[File:Punjab 1909.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|alt=See caption|A map of [[Punjab region|Punjab]] from 1909]] The Cheema are most numerous in [[Amritsar district]], and there are 42 villages in [[Patiala]] district. According to Alexander Cunningham, this area was called "Chima des" (''des'' or ''desh'' means "country" in the [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] and [[Punjabi language]]s). Many people settled in Montgomery ([[Sahiwal]]) and [[Sandal Bar]] when the British ruled Punjab because of the construction of a large canal network in these areas. The Cheema also have a few villages scattered across [[Rawalpindi]], [[Bhawalpur]], [[Amritsar]], [[Gurdaspur]], [[Jalandhar]], NurMahal (or Noor Mahal), [[Moga]], [[Ludhiana]], and [[Sangrur]]. In the western Punjab plains, Cheema communities are not generally found past Chaj Doab. They were not found past [[Sangrur]] district in the eastern plains until 1947, when many Sikh Cheemas moved from [[Sialkot]] and [[Gujranwala]] to settle in Patiala, [[Karnal]], and [[Sirsa]] after the partition of the Punjab. Some families later moved to [[Udhamsingh nagar]] ([[Uttrakhand]]), [[Pilibhit]], [[Puranpur]], and [[Rampur]] ([[Uttar Pradesh]]). This area is known as "Mini-Punjab" and the Terai Region. In Pakistan, [[Sialkot]] and [[Gujranwala|Gujranwal]] districts have large Cheema populations and many Cheema villages such as Chak 4e in Sri Ganganagar (Raj) Begowal, Verowala Cheema Jamke Cheema, Tajokay Cheema, Adamkay Cheema, Bhopalwala, Sahowala, Kamalpur, [[Manpur]], and Lodikay Cheema. [[Gujranwala District]] has Baddokey Cheema, Kot Inayat Khan,[[Delawar Cheema]], [[Saroki Cheema]], [[Bharoki Cheema]],Varoki Cheema,[[Mansorwali Cheema]], [[Ratti Thatt]], [[Bankay Cheema]], [[Kathor|Kathor, Kalay Wala]], [[Kheway Wali]], [[Wadala Cheema]], [[Phaloki Cheema]], [[Marday Ki]], and [[Chabba Cheema]]. [[Sui Cheemian]], a [[Gujranwala|village]] near [[Gujar Khan]] in [[Rawalpindi District]], has a substantial Cheema population. [[Bahawalpur]] and Yazman in southern Punjab have considerable numbers of Cheema families, and have elected more than a dozen cabinet members. The Rupnagar and Mohali districts of the Indian [[Punjab, India|Punjab state]] have large Cheema populations and many Cheema villages, such as Salaura. == References and notes == {{Reflist}} ==Further reading== * ''[[The Chach-Nama]]''. English translation by [[Mirza Kalichbeg Fredunbeg]]. [[Delhi]] (reprint), 1979. * ''[[40 Families of Pakistan 1947]]'' * [[Denzil Ibbetson]], Delhi (2002), p. 115 (''Panjab Castes'') * [[Ram Swarup Joon]], ''[[History of the Jatt]]'' * [[Arabian]] historian [[Ahmad Ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri]] * [[Annals]], [[James Todd]]; ''[[History of Sikhs]]'', [[Alexander Cunningham]]; ''Glossary of Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and NWFP'' * [[H. A. Rose]], ''Glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|NWFP]]'' [[Category:Ethnic groups in India]] [[Category:Tribes of Pakistan]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Pakistan]] [[Category:Punjabi people]] s8vhbydp1dv3e9iaptdzttq38xgidf8 0 41904 10368895 10323976 2025-07-03T03:54:14Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{no sources}} {{Other uses|Shock (disambiguation)}}{{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Shock | image = US Navy 120203-N-CD652-004 U.S. Naval Hospital Guantanamo Bay emergency technician (EMT) trainees work with Naval Station Guantanamo Bay firemen to.jpg | caption = [[United States Navy|US Navy]] [[Emergency medical technician|EMT]] trainees and firemen using [[Intravenous therapy|IV fluid replacement]] in treating a trauma training mannequin to prevent hypovolemic shock | field = [[Critical care medicine]] | symptoms = '''Initial''': Weakness, fast heart rate, fast breathing, sweating, anxiety, increased thirst<ref name=ITLSPg172/><br>'''Later''': Confusion, [[unconsciousness]], [[cardiac arrest]]<ref name=ITLSPg172/> | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = [[Hypovolemia#Stages of hypovolemic shock|Low volume]], [[cardiogenic shock|cardiogenic]], [[Obstructive shock|obstructive]], [[distributive shock|distributive]]<ref name=ATLS2018/> | causes = '''Low volume''': Severe bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, or [[pancreatitis]]<ref name=ITLSPg172/><br>'''Cardiogenic''': severe [[heart attack]] (especially of the left or right ventricles), severe [[heart failure]], [[cardiac contusion]]<ref name=ITLSPg172/><br>'''Obstructive''': [[Cardiac tamponade]], [[tension pneumothorax]]<ref name=ITLSPg172/><br>'''Distributive''': [[Sepsis]], [[spinal cord injury]], certain [[overdose]]s<ref name=ITLSPg172/> | risks = | diagnosis = Based on symptoms, [[physical exam]], laboratory tests<ref name=ATLS2018/> | differential = | prevention = | treatment = Based on the underlying cause<ref name=ATLS2018/> | medication = [[Intravenous fluid]], [[vasopressors]]<ref name=ATLS2018/> | prognosis = Risk of death 20 to 50%<ref name=Tab2010/> | frequency = 1.2 million per year (US)<ref name=Tab2010/> | deaths = }} A person is in '''shock''' when [[blood]] is not sufficient to bring [[oxygen]] to the [[brain]]. The shock is [[progression|progressive]] and can be [[death|deadly]] if it is not quickly made well. The normal [[first aid]] action is the ''Trendelenburg position'', the person is lying face upward, with legs lifted. The blood is forced to flow to the brain. == References == {{Reflist | reflist start <ref name="ITLSPg172">{{Cite web|title=Book sources - Wikipedia|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1292-17084-8|access-date=2025-04-21|website=en.wikipedia.org|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="ATLS2018">{{Cite web|title=Book sources - Wikipedia|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-78-0-9968267|access-date=2025-04-21|website=en.wikipedia.org|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="Tab2010">{{Cite web|title=Book sources - Wikipedia|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1455700257|access-date=2025-04-21|website=en.wikipedia.org|language=en}}</ref> == Other websites == }} {{Medical resources | meshName = Shock | meshNumber = D012769 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|R|57| |r|50}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|785.50}} | DiseasesDB = 12013 | eMedicineSubj = emerg | eMedicineTopic = 531 | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|med|285}} {{eMedicine2|emerg|533}} | MedlinePlus = 000039 }} {{Shock types}} {{Cardiovascular system symptoms and signs}} {{Authority control}} {{med-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shock (Circulatory)}} [[Category:Intensive care medicine]] [[Category:Medical emergencies]] [[Category:Causes of death]] [[Category:Shock (Medicine)]] kyepwb9tok2l1n2unr0du67c61m5l9x 0 42067 10367723 10288768 2025-07-02T14:05:16Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10367723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Alexander Lukashenko | native_name = {{nobold|Александр Лукашенко<br />Аляксандр Лукашэнка}} | image = Alexander Lukashenko (2024-05-24) (cropped) 3.jpg | caption = Lukashenko in May 2024 | alt = | order = | office = [[President of Belarus]] | status = [[Incumbent]] | primeminister = {{Plainlist| * [[Mikhail Chigir]] * [[Sergey Ling]] * [[Vladimir Yermoshin]] * [[Gennady Novitsky]] * [[Sergei Sidorsky]] * [[Mikhail Myasnikovich]] * [[Andrei Kobyakov]] * [[Syarhey Rumas]] * [[Roman Golovchenko]] * [[Alexander Turchin]] }} | term_start = 20 July 1994 <br />[[International reactions to the 2020 Belarusian presidential election and protests|Disputed]] since 23 September 2020<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-53780685|title=Exiled leader calls weekend of protests in Belarus|work=BBC News|date=14 August 2020|access-date=15 August 2020|archive-date=22 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822120354/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-53780685|url-status=live}}<br />{{Cite web|url=https://www.voiceofbelarus.com/golos-final-election-report/|title=Golos platform presents the final report on the presidential election|date=20 August 2020|website=Voiceofbelarus.com|access-date=13 December 2020|archive-date=26 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126143134/https://www.voiceofbelarus.com/golos-final-election-report/|url-status=live}}<br />{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/belarus-eu-rejects-lukashenko-inauguration-as-illegitimate/a-55038895/|title=EU rejects Lukashenko inauguration as illegitimate|date=24 September 2020|website=Dw.com|access-date=13 December 2020|archive-date=7 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207095441/https://www.dw.com/en/belarus-eu-rejects-lukashenko-inauguration-as-illegitimate/a-55038895|url-status=live}}<br />{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-belarus-election-sanctions/britain-and-canada-impose-sanctions-on-belarus-leader-lukashenko-idUKKBN26K2QV|title=Britain and Canada impose sanctions on Belarus leader Lukashenko|newspaper=Reuters|date=29 September 2020|last1=Ljunggren|first1=Josh Smith|access-date=13 December 2020|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411164455/https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-belarus-election-sanctions/britain-and-canada-impose-sanctions-on-belarus-leader-lukashenko-idUKKBN26K2QV|url-status=live}}<br />{{Cite web|url=https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/2/b/469539.pdf|title=OSCE Report on the Presidential Elections 2020 in Belarus|date=29 October 2020|website=Osce.org|access-date=13 December 2020|archive-date=4 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204022616/https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/2/b/469539.pdf|url-status=live}}<br />{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54961111|title=Belarus protesters battered, bruised but defiant after 100 days|work=BBC News|date=17 November 2020|access-date=13 December 2020|archive-date=28 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128013324/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54961111|url-status=live}}</ref> | term_end = | predecessor = [[Myechyslaw Hryb]]<br />(as head of state and [[Supreme Soviet of Belarus|Chairman of the Supreme Council]]) | successor = | office1 = Chairman of the Supreme State Council<br />of the [[Union State]] | 1blankname1 = Chairman of the Council of Ministers | 1namedata1 = {{plainlist| * [[Vladimir Putin]] * [[Mikhail Kasyanov]] * [[Mikhail Fradkov]] * [[Viktor Zubkov]] * [[Dmitry Medvedev]] * [[Mikhail Mishustin]] }} | 2blankname1 = General Secretary | 2namedata1 = {{plainlist| * [[Pavel Borodin]] * [[Grigory Rapota]] * [[Dmitry Mezentsev]] }} | term_start1 = 26 January 2000 | term_end1 = | predecessor1 = ''Office established'' | successor1 = | office2 = Member of the [[Supreme Council of Belarus]] | term_start2 = 25 August 1991 | term_end2 = 20 July 1994 | predecessor2 = ''Office established'' | successor2 = ''Office abolished'' | birth_name = Alexander Grigoryevich Lukashenko | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1954|8|31}} | birth_place = [[Kopys]], [[Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic|Byelorussian SSR]], [[Soviet Union]] | death_date = | death_place = | occupation = Politician | profession = [[Economist]] and [[collective farming|Collective Farmer]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mirovalev |first1=Mansur |title=Europe's 'last dictator': Who is Belarus's Alexander Lukashenko? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/11/25/belarus-leaders-trajectory-from-communist-farmer-to-paranoid |work=[[Aljazeera]] |date=November 25, 2021}}</ref> | party = [[Independent politician|Independent]] (1992–present) | otherparty = {{Plainlist| * [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] (1979–1991) * Communists for Democracy (1991–1992) * [[Belaya Rus]] (2007–present; affiliated non-member) }} | spouse = {{marriage|[[Galina Lukashenko|Galina Zhelnerovich]]|1975}} | children = {{flatlist| * [[Viktor Lukashenko|Viktor]] * [[Dmitry Lukashenko|Dmitry]] * [[Nikolai Lukashenko|Nikolai]]}} | mother = Ekaterina Trofimovna Lukashenko | website = {{URL|president.gov.by/en/|president.gov.by}} | allegiance = {{Plainlist| * {{Flag|Soviet Union}} * {{Flag|Belarus}} }} | branch = {{Plainlist| * [[Soviet Border Troops]] * [[Armed Forces of Belarus|Belarusian Armed Forces]] }} | rank = [[Commander-in-Chief]]<br />[[Podpolkovnik|Lieutenant Colonel]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lukashenko reveals his military rank |url=https://www.belarus.by/en/press-center/press-release/lukashenko-reveals-his-military-rank_i_0000093521.html |access-date=22 February 2019 |website=belarus.by |archive-date=13 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813124149/https://www.belarus.by/en/press-center/press-release/lukashenko-reveals-his-military-rank_i_0000093521.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | serviceyears = {{Plainlist| * 1975–1977 * 1980–1982 * 1994–present }} | signature = SigAlexanderLukashenko.svg }} [[Image:Alexander Lukashenko 2007.jpg|thumb|200px|Alexander Lukashenko, 2007 ]] '''Alexander Grigoryevich Lukashenko''' (born 30 August 1954) is the [[President of Belarus|President]] of the [[nation|country]] of [[Belarus]]. He has been its leader since [[1994]]. He was the first leader of the country to be chosen by Belarus [[citizen]]s. Before becoming the leader, he belonged to the [[law]] making section of the [[government]]. He was also in the [[military]] of the [[Soviet Union]] and ran a [[factory]] that made things to help [[farming]]. His [[2020 Belarusian presidential election|re-election]] in 2020 was seen as controversial with many saying it was rigged and unfair. His re-election caused many to [[2020 Belarusian protests|protest]] against the election results.<ref>{{cite web |title=Менск: да «Рыгі» дабраліся сілавікі, пачалася зачыстка, чуваць шумавыя гранаты, будуюцца барыкады |url=https://www.svaboda.org/a/30776680.html |website=Радыё Свабода |language=be}}</ref> After the contested election, the [[European Union]], the [[United Kingdom]], [[Canada]], [[Ukraine]] and the [[United States]] do not recognize him as the legitimate president of Belarus.<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 August 2020|title=El Pais interview with HR/VP Borrell: "Lukashenko is like Maduro. We do not recognize him but we must deal with him"|url=https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/84346/el-pais-interview-hrvp-borrell-%E2%80%9Clukashenko-maduro-we-do-not-recognize-him-he-must-deal-him%E2%80%9D_en|work=eeas.europa.eu}}</ref><ref name="axios">Dave Lawler, [https://www.axios.com/us-lukashenko-president-belarus-353ed235-98f7-446f-919a-6a6cdab81975.html U.S. no longer recognizes Lukashenko as legitimate president of Belarus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221151140/https://www.axios.com/us-lukashenko-president-belarus-353ed235-98f7-446f-919a-6a6cdab81975.html |date=2021-12-21 }}, ''Axios'' (24 September 2020).</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Які країни не визнали інавгурацію Лукашенка. Список|language=uk|work=BBC News Україна|url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/news-54276978|access-date=2021-01-11}}</ref> In July 2020, he said that he had [[COVID-19]] after telling people that to avoid the disease they should drink [[vodka]] and go to a [[sauna]].<ref>[https://www.businessinsider.com/europe-last-dictator-belarus-lukashenko-covid-19-vodka-sauna-2020-7 Europe's last dictator got COVID-19 after telling people they could avoid it by drinking vodka and going to the sauna]</ref> Alexander Lukashenko is under the [[economic sanctions|sanctions]] of the United States,<ref>[https://sanctionssearch.ofac.treas.gov/ Sanctions List Search]</ref> the European Union,<ref>[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32020R1648&from=EN COUNCIL IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2020/1648 of 6 November 2020 implementing Article 8a(1) of Regulation (EC) No 765/2006 concerning restrictive measures in respect of Belarus]</ref> the United Kingdom,<ref>{{cite web|title=Consolidated List of Financial Sanctions Targets in the UK|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1010452/Belarus.pdf|work=[[Government of the United Kingdom]]|accessdate=2021-09-08}}</ref> Switzerland,<ref>[https://www.seco.admin.ch/seco/en/home/Aussenwirtschaftspolitik_Wirtschaftliche_Zusammenarbeit/Wirtschaftsbeziehungen/exportkontrollen-und-sanktionen/sanktionen-embargos/sanktionsmassnahmen/suche_sanktionsadressaten.html Searching for subjects of sanctions]</ref> Canada,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2020/09/backgrounder-belarus-sanctions.html|title=Backgrounder: Belarus sanctions|date=2020-09-29|work=[[Global Affairs Canada]]|accessdate=2021-09-13|language=en}}</ref> Japan,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2022/03/08/national/japan-russia-belarus-sanctions-ukraine/ |title=Japan hits Russia and Belarus with more sanctions over Ukraine invasion |date=8 March 2022 |access-date=4 April 2023 |work=[[The Japan Times]]}}</ref> Australia<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.foreignminister.gov.au/minister/marise-payne/media-release/australia-places-additional-sanctions-russia-and-belarus |title=Australia places additional sanctions on Russia and Belarus |type=Media release |work=Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade |date=25 March 2022 |access-date=26 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325120854/https://www.foreignminister.gov.au/minister/marise-payne/media-release/australia-places-additional-sanctions-russia-and-belarus |archive-date=25 March 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> and New Zealand<ref>{{Cite web|author=[[Nanaia Mahuta]]|date=2021-06-17|title=New Zealand introduces Belarus travel bans|url=https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/new-zealand-introduces-belarus-travel-bans|url-status=live|accessdate=2021-10-24|work=[[Government of New Zealand]]|language=en|archive-date=2021-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027112556/https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/new-zealand-introduces-belarus-travel-bans}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Belarus|url=https://www.mfat.govt.nz/tw/countries-and-regions/europe/belarus/|accessdate=2021-10-24|work=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (New Zealand)]]|language=en|archive-date=2021-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024203951/https://www.mfat.govt.nz/tw/countries-and-regions/europe/belarus/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|author=[[Nanaia Mahuta]]|first=|date=2022-05-16|title=Belarusian leaders and defence entities targeted under latest round of sanctions|url=https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/belarusian-leaders-and-defence-entities-targeted-under-latest-round-sanctions|work=[[Government of New Zealand]]|language=en|accessdate=2023-03-01}}</ref> On February 25, 2024, Alexander Lukashenko announced that he was running for the 2025 presidential elections, which means that he is running for an eighth consecutive term.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|author=|first=|date=2024-02-25|title=https://www.svoboda.org/a/lukashenko-zayavil-chto-v-2025-godu-poydyot-na-vybory/32834331.html|url=https://www.svoboda.org/a/lukashenko-zayavil-chto-v-2025-godu-poydyot-na-vybory/32834331.html|work=Svoboda|language=ru|accessdate=2024-02-25}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lukashenko, Alexander}} [[Category:1954 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Current national leaders]] [[Category:Presidents of Belarus]] [[Category:Dictators]] [[Category:Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List]] {{bio-stub}} 981jufabhwtsjoszt7ccoldzumoi7hx 0 42371 10368998 9614672 2025-07-03T05:38:49Z Julipero 1604351 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 10368998 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sommerfeld,Arnold 1935 Stuttgart.jpg|thumb|Arnold Sommerfeld (1935)]] '''Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld''' (December 5, 1868 in [[Königsberg]], East Prussia &ndash; April 26, 1951 in [[Munich]]) was a [[Germans|German]] [[mathematician]] and theoretical [[physicist]]. ==Education== Sommerfeld was the son of a practical physician. After finishing school in 1886, he started studying [[mathematics]] at the [[University of Königsberg]]. In 1891 he wrote his doctorate [[thesis]] about arbitrary functions in [[mathematical physics]]. Afterwards he had to serve in the [[army]]. Then he went to [[Göttingen]]. He became assistant at the institute for [[mineralogy]], but was still interested in mathematical physics. ==Works== In 1894 he became the assistant of [[Felix Klein]]. The year after he wrote his habilitation about the mathematical theory of optical [[diffraction]] and became docent for mathematics in Göttingen. In 1897 Sommerfeld married. In the same year he became ordinary professor for mathematics at the mining college of [[Clausthal]]. Three years later he got a professorship at the Technical University of [[Aachen]]. In 1906 he became professor for theoretical physics in [[Munich]], were he stood for his lifetime. While he was professor in Munich, he travelled twice around the world - in 1922/23 he was guest professor in [[Wisconsin]] and travelled afterwards through India, China and Japan, in 1928/29 he made a journey through the US as a university teacher. He started taking out a [[pension]] in 1935, but he still worked until 1940. There was a lot of trouble choosing the person who should follow him. Sommerfeld wanted to have [[Werner Heisenberg]] to follow him, but in the time of the Nazi regime the job could only go to a person who taught the so-called German Physics, which included a kind of mysticism. Sommerfeld tried to prevent that. Sommerfeld died in 1951 in a traffic accident. == Works == * ''Theorie des Kreisels''. 4 volumes (with Felix Klein), Leipzig 1897-1910 * ''Atombau und Spektrallinien''. Braunschweig 1919 * ''Vorlesungen über theoretische Physik'' ** Vol. 1: ''Mechanik''. Leipzig 1943 ** Vol. 2: ''Mechanik der deformierbaren Medien''. Leipzig 1945 ** Vol. 3: ''Elektrodynamik''. [[Wiesbaden]] 1948 ** Vol. 4: ''Optik''. Wiesbaden 1950 ** Vol. 5: ''Thermodynamik und Statistik''. Wiesbaden 1952 ** Vol. 6: ''Partielle Differentialgleichungen der Physik''. Leipzig 1945 == Other websites == * http://www.lrz-muenchen.de/~Sommerfeld/{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813192137/http://www.lrz.de/~Sommerfeld/ |date=2012-08-13 }} * http://www.chemie.uni-bremen.de/stohrer/biograph/sommer.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060216062037/http://www.chemie.uni-bremen.de/stohrer/biograph/sommer.htm |date=2006-02-16 }} * http://www.wissenschaftsforschung.de/JB98_135-152.pdf {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sommerfeld, Arnold}} [[Category:1868 births]] [[Category:1951 deaths]] [[Category:German academics]] [[Category:German mathematicians]] [[Category:People from former German territories]] [[Category:People from Kaliningrad]] [[Category:Road accident deaths]] [[Category:German theoretical physicists]] at0rcvs4jrgd7353h1ay6d3lcglvcvt 0 45798 10369035 6851192 2025-07-03T05:50:37Z Julipero 1604351 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 10369035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Elder or Elderberry | image = Sambucus nigra 2004 c.jpg | image_width = 240px | image_caption = Sambucus (Elderberry) | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]] | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | ordo = [[Dipsacales]] | familia = [[Adoxaceae]] | genus = ''Sambucus'' | subdivision_ranks = | subdivision = }} '''''Sambucus''''' is a [[genus]] in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Adoxaceae]]. It is commonly called '''Elder''' or '''Elderberry'''. It includes several [[similar]] types of [[shrub]]s that produce [[fruit]] that is also called elderberries. The plant can be found in swampy habitats and other areas that provide enough water. Black Elderberry has been found to be effective against the H5N1 strain of Avian Flu (Zakay-Rones et al. 1995){{fact|date=March 2020}}. Black Elderberry contains a unique compound called Antivirin® that can help protect healthy cells and inactivate infectious viruses. When given to patients, scientists have found the Black Elderberry, has the ability to ward off flu infections quickly (Zakay-Rones 2004). Black Elderberries are rich in anthocyanins which are a type of flavonoid – anthocyanins are antioxidants that may protect cells from free radicals and support your body’s [[immune system]]. Black Elderberries have almost 5 times as many anthocyanins as Blueberries and twice the overall antioxidant capability of cranberries Black Elderberry has a more potent antiviral effect than Echinacea. At sites in [[Switzerland]] and Italy, researchers have uncovered evidence that the black elderberry may have been cultivated by prehistoric man, and there are recipes for elderberry-based medications in the records dating as far back as Ancient Egypt. Historians, however, generally trace the tradition of the elderberry’s healing power back to Hippocrates, the ancient Greek known as the “father of medicine,” who described this plant as his “medicine chest” for the wide variety of ailments it seemed to cure. Over the centuries, elderberry has been used to treat colds, flu, fever, burns, cuts, and more than 70 other maladies, from a toothache to the plague. In the 17th century, John Evelyn, a British researcher, declared, “If the medicinal properties of its leaves, [[bark]], and berries were fully known, I cannot tell what our countryman could ail for which he might not fetch a remedy [from the elderberry], either for sickness or wounds.” Elderberry can grow in the form of a shrub or small tree, reaching up to 6 feet in height and width depending on the variety. It blooms during the spring or summer, and its flowers contain both male and female reproductive systems in the event that it is unable to reproduce through cross-pollination. It can be used to create a violet dye. ==Other websites== {{commonscat}} {{wikispecies}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q131448}} [[Category:Berries]] [[Category:Dipsacales]] {{biology-stub}} 88sjt8wo24t027o54kit9tla9b1wcgi 0 46430 10367749 8547376 2025-07-02T14:32:21Z 180.150.36.182 10367749 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''interval''' in [[music]] means the [[distance]] between two [[note (music)|notes]] (whether these notes are played together or separately). [[File:Klaviatur-3-en.svg|300px|thumb|right|A musical keyboard]] Two notes on a [[Keyboard instrument|keyboard]] which are next to one another (counting both white and black notes) are a “semitone” apart. A “tone” is two semitones (see [[semitone]]). However, an “intervale” depends on how the notes are written (what they are called) e.g. whether the black note between D and E is written as D sharp or E flat (which are two different names for the same note). [[File:c_maj.png|400px|]] Please note that in all of the examples below, C is the lower note of the pair, and the other note is the next note of that name above it. So, the interval between a C and a B is only a major 7th if it is between a C and next B above it. ==Major and perfect intervals in the major scale== In a [[mode (music)|major]] scale there are eight notes e.g. a [[C major]] scale (see above) is: C D E F G A B C and down again. * The interval between C and D is a major 2nd (major second). * The interval between C and E is a major 3rd (major third) * The interval between C and F is a perfect 4th (perfect fourth) * The interval between C and G is a perfect 5th (perfect fifth) * The interval between C and A is a major 6th (major sixth) * The interval between C and B is a major 7th (major seventh) * The interval between C and C is a perfect 8th (perfect [[octave]]) ==Minor intervals== If a major interval is made smaller by a semitone it becomes [[mode (music)|minor]]: * The interval between C and D flat is a minor 2nd * The interval between C and E flat is a minor 3rd * The interval between C and A flat is a minor 6th * The interval between C and B flat is a minor 7th ==Diminished intervals== If a perfect interval becomes smaller by a semitone it becomes “diminished” * The interval between C and F flat is a diminished 4th * The interval between C and G flat is a diminished 5th If a major interval becomes smaller by ''two'' semitones (i.e. a tone) it becomes “diminished” * The interval between C and D double flat is a diminished 2nd * The interval between C and E double flat is a diminished 3rd * The interval between C and A double flat is a diminished 6th * The interval between C and B double flat is a diminished 7th ==Augmented intervals== If a major interval is made bigger by a semitone it becomes “augmented” * The interval between C and D sharp is an augmented 2nd * The interval between C and E sharp is an augmented 3rd * The interval between C and A sharp is an augmented 6th * The interval between C and B sharp is an augmented 7th Similarly, if a perfect interval becomes bigger by a semitone it becomes “augmented” * The interval between C and F sharp is an augmented 4th * The interval between C and G sharp is an augmented 5th Examples: * C to D sharp is an augmented 2nd (N.B. but if the D sharp is called E flat it is a minor 3rd) * C to G flat is a diminished 5th * C to B double flat (the same note as A) is a diminished 7th. It is important to realize that, in order to work out what an interval is, the lower note should be treated as the first note of the scale. Examples: * C sharp to A sharp is a major 6th * C sharp to A is a minor 6th ==Inverted intervals== Intervals can be “'''inverted'''” (turned upside down). For example: instead of going from a C up to an A (major 6th) we can go from C down to an A (minor 3rd). * A major 6th is the '''inversion''' of a minor 3rd. * All major intervals, when inverted, become minor intervals. * All augmented intervals, when inverted, become diminished. * All perfect intervals, when inverted, are still perfect (this is why they are called “perfect”). * All intervals, when inverted, add up to 9 (there are 8 notes in a scale. One note is obviously being counted twice). '''Compound intervals''' are intervals bigger than an octave e.g. C to D an octave and one more note above it is a major 9th. Big intervals are called “wide” intervals. The opposite is a “narrow” interval. ==Related pages== * [[Semitone]] {{music theory}} [[Category:Music theory]] mqm79tk9x7lzab8sj73swribhtw89ch 0 46671 10367743 6707217 2025-07-02T14:28:33Z 180.150.36.182 10367743 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Serwantka.JPG|thumb|Decorative crockery and bibelots in vitré armoire or vitrina]] A '''cupboard''', also known as a '''cabinet''', is [[furniture]] used for [[storage]]. Usually, a cupboard will be in the [[kitchen]] or [[bathroom]] of a [[house]]. It usually has one or more shelves to put items on. It can also have a [[door]] to close off the open shelves. ==Related pages== * [[Closet]] * [[Sideboard]] {{stub}} [[Category:Furniture]] ku8n9uz7mrc31rev1ieyl4xxbimf5oq 0 47505 10368820 9811365 2025-07-03T03:12:10Z 2001:E68:8389:F200:C43D:5301:4A8:6AA1 10368820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Michael Owen | image = Michael Owen.jpg | caption = Owen in 2014 | fullname = Michael James Owen<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.premierleague.com/content/dam/premierleague/site-content/News/publications/squad-lists/squad-lists-february-2012.pdf |title=Premier League clubs submit squad lists |work=Premier League |page=23 |date=2 February 2012 |access-date=2 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227041058/http://www.premierleague.com/content/dam/premierleague/site-content/News/publications/squad-lists/squad-lists-february-2012.pdf |archive-date=27 February 2012 }}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1979|12|14|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Chester]], England | height = {{convert|1.73|m|order=flip}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/michael-owen|title=Premier League PlayerProfile|access-date=19 April 2011|publisher=Premier League|archive-date=28 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228043807/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/michael-owen|url-status=dead}}</ref> | position = [[Forward (association football)#Striker|Striker]] | youthyears1 = 1991–1996 | youthclubs1 = [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] | years1 = 1996–2004 | clubs1 = [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] | caps1 = 216 | goals1 = 118 | years2 = 2004–2005 | clubs2 = [[castilla fc]] | caps2 = 36 | goals2 = 13 | years3 = 2005–2009 | clubs3 = [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]] | caps3 = 71 | goals3 = 26 | years4 = 2009–2012 | clubs4 = [[Castilla Fc]] | caps4 = 31 | goals4 = 5 | years5 = 2012–2013 | clubs5 = Stoke City | caps5 = 8 | goals5 = 1 | totalcaps = 362 | totalgoals = 163 | nationalyears1 = | nationalteam1 = England U15 | nationalcaps1 = 8 | nationalgoals1 = 15 | nationalyears2 = | nationalteam2 = [[England national under-16 football team|England U16]] | nationalcaps2 = 11 | nationalgoals2 = 15 | nationalyears3 = | nationalteam3 = [[England national under-18 football team|England U18]] | nationalcaps3 = 14 | nationalgoals3 = 10 | nationalyears4 = 1997 | nationalteam4 = [[England national under-20 football team|England U20]] | nationalcaps4 = 4 | nationalgoals4 = 3 | nationalyears5 = 1997 | nationalteam5 = [[England national under-21 football team|England U21]] | nationalcaps5 = 1 | nationalgoals5 = 1 | nationalyears6 = 2006–2007 | nationalteam6 = [[England B national football team|England B]] | nationalcaps6 = 2 | nationalgoals6 = 0 | nationalyears7 = 1998–2008 | nationalteam7 = [[England national football team|England]] | nationalcaps7 = 89 | nationalgoals7 = 40 | currentclub = }} '''Michael Owen''' (born 14 December 1979) is a retired English professional footballer. == Club career statistics == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |- !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League ! colspan="2" | National Cup{{efn|Includes [[Copa del Rey]], [[FA Cup]]}} !colspan="2"|League Cup !colspan="2"|[[UEFA#Club|Europe]] !colspan="2"|Other !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="9"|[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] |[[1996–97 Liverpool F.C. season|1996–97]] |[[Premier League]] |2||1||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|–||2||1 |- |[[1997–98 Liverpool F.C. season|1997–98]] |Premier League |36||18||0||0||4||4||4{{efn|name=UC|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup]]}}||1||colspan="2"|–||44||23 |- |[[1998–99 Liverpool F.C. season|1998–99]] |Premier League |30||18||2||2||2||1||6{{efn|name=UC}}||2||colspan="2"|–||40||23 |- |[[1999–2000 Liverpool F.C. season|1999–2000]] |Premier League |27||11||1||0||2||1||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||30||12 |- |[[2000–01 Liverpool F.C. season|2000–01]] |Premier League |28||16||5||3||2||1||11{{efn|name=UC}}||4||colspan="2"|–||46||24 |- |[[2001–02 Liverpool F.C. season|2001–02]] |Premier League |29||19||2||2||0||0||10{{efn|name=UCL|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}}||5||2{{efn|name=LIV|One appearance in [[UEFA Super Cup]], one in [[FA Community Shield|Charity Shield]]}}||2||43||28 |- |[[2002–03 Liverpool F.C. season|2002–03]] |Premier League |35||19||2||0||4||2||12{{efn|name=LIV1|Six appearances and four goals in [[UEFA Champions League]], six appearances and three goals in [[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup]]}}||7||1{{efn|name=CS|Appearance in [[FA Community Shield]]}}||0||54||28 |- |[[2003–04 Liverpool F.C. season|2003–04]] |Premier League |29||16||3||1||0||0||6{{efn|name=UC}}||2||colspan="2"|–||38||19 |- !colspan="2"|Total !216!!118!!15!!8!!14!!9!!49!!21!!3!!2!!297!!158 |- |[[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] |[[2004–05 Real Madrid C.F. season|2004–05]] |[[La Liga]] |36||13||4||2||colspan="2"|–||5{{efn|name=UCL}}||1||colspan="2"|–||45||16 |- |rowspan="5"|[[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]] |[[2005–06 Newcastle United F.C. season|2005–06]] |Premier League |11||7||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|–||11||7 |- |[[2006–07 Newcastle United F.C. season|2006–07]] |Premier League |3||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|–||3||0 |- |[[2007–08 Newcastle United F.C. season|2007–08]] |Premier League |29||11||3||1||1||1||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||33||13 |- |[[2008–09 Newcastle United F.C. season|2008–09]] |Premier League |28||8||2||0||2||2||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||32||10 |- !colspan="2"|Total !71!!26!!5!!1!!3!!3!!0!!0!!colspan="2"|–!!79!!30 |- |rowspan="4"|[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] |[[2009–10 Manchester United F.C. season|2009–10]] |Premier League |19||3||1||0||4||2||6{{efn|name=UCL}}||4||1{{efn|name=CS}}||0||31||9 |- |[[2010–11 Manchester United F.C. season|2010–11]] |Premier League |11||2||2||1||1||2||2{{efn|name=UCL}}||0||1{{efn|name=CS}}||0||17||5 |- |[[2011–12 Manchester United F.C. season|2011–12]] |Premier League |1||0||0||0||2||3||1{{efn|name=UCL}}||0||0||0||4||3 |- !colspan="2"|Total !31!!5!!3!!1!!7!!7!!9!!4!!2!!0!!52!!17 |- |[[Stoke City F.C.|Stoke City]] |[[2012–13 Stoke City F.C. season|2012–13]] |Premier League |8||1||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||9||1 |- !colspan="3"|Total !362!!163!!28!!12!!24!!19!!63!!26!!5!!2!!482!!222 |} {{notelist}} ''Statistics accurate as of match played 19 May 2013''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stretfordend.co.uk/playermenu/owen_m.html |title=Michael Owen |access-date=2 October 2010 |last=Endlar |first=Andrew |publisher=StretfordEnd.co.uk }}</ref> == International career statistics == <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/2146/Michael_Owen.html|title=Michael Owen|first=Benjamin|last=Strack-Zimmermann|website=www.national-football-teams.com}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/owen-intlg.html|title=Michael James Owen - Goals in International Matches|website=www.rsssf.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! colspan=3 | [[England national football team|England senior team]] |- !Year!!Caps!!Goals |- |1998||12||4 |- |1999||6||1 |- |2000||6||3 |- |2001||8||6 |- |2002||12||5 |- |2003||9||5 |- |2004||13||4 |- |2005||9||7 |- |2006||5||1 |- |2007||8||4 |- |2008||1||0 |- !Total||89||40 |} '''International goals'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Michael James Owen - Goals in International Matches|url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/owen-intlg.html|access-date=2021-05-03|website=www.rsssf.com}}</ref> :''Scores and results list England's goal tally first.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Goal !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Result !! Competition |- | 1 || 27 May 1998 || [[Stade Mohamed V]], [[Casablanca]] || {{fb|MAR}} || 1–0 || [[1998 King Hassan II International Cup Tournament|1998 Hassan II Trophy]] |- | 2 || 22 June 1998 || [[Stade de Toulouse]], [[Toulouse]] || {{fb|ROM}} || 1–2 || [[1998 FIFA World Cup]] |- | 3 || 30 June 1998 || [[Stade Geoffroy-Guichard]], [[Saint-Étienne]] || {{fb|ARG}} || 2–2 <small>(3–4 on penalties)</small> || 1998 FIFA World Cup |- | 4 || 14 October 1998 || [[Stade Josy Barthel]], [[Luxembourg City]] || {{fb|LUX}} || 3–0 || [[UEFA Euro 2000 qualifying|UEFA Euro 2000 qualification]] |- | 5 || 4 September 1999 || [[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley Stadium]], [[London]] || {{flagicon|Luxembourg}} Luxembourg || 6–0 || UEFA Euro 2000 qualification |- | 6 || 27 May 2000 || Wembley Stadium, London || {{fb|BRA}} || 1–1 || [[Friendly match]] |- | 7 || 20 June 2000 || [[Stade du Pays de Charleroi]], [[Charleroi]] || {{flagicon|Romania}} Romania || 2–3 || [[UEFA Euro 2000]] |- | 8 || 2 September 2000 || [[Stade de France]], [[Paris]] || {{fb|FRA}} || 1–1 || Friendly match |- | 9 || 24 March 2001 || [[Anfield]], [[Liverpool]] || {{fb|FIN}} || 2–1 || [[2002 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)|2002 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- | 10 || 28 March 2001 || [[Qemal Stafa (stadium)|Qemal Stafa]], [[Tirana]] || {{fb|ALB}} || 3–1 || 2002 FIFA World Cup qualification |- | 11 || rowspan="3" | 1 September 2001 || rowspan="3" | [[Olympic Stadium (Munich)|Olympic Stadium]], [[Munich]] || rowspan="3" | {{fb|GER}} || rowspan="3" | [[Germany 1–5 England (2001)|5–1]] || rowspan="3" | 2002 FIFA World Cup qualification |- |12 |- |13 |- | 14 || 5 September 2001 || [[St James' Park]], [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]]|| {{flagicon|Albania}} Albania || 2–0 || 2002 FIFA World Cup qualification |- | 15 || 17 April 2002 || Anfield, Liverpool || {{fb|PAR}}|| 4–0 || Friendly match |- | 16 || 21 May 2002 || [[Jeju World Cup Stadium]], [[Seogwipo]]|| {{fb|KOR}}|| 1–1 || Friendly match |- | 17 || 15 June 2002 || [[Stadium Big Swan]], [[Niigata, Niigata|Niigata]]|| {{fb|DEN}}|| 3–0 || [[2002 FIFA World Cup]] |- | 18 || 21 June 2002 || [[Shizuoka Stadium]], [[Shizuoka, Shizuoka|Shizuoka]]|| {{fb|BRA}}|| 1–2 || 2002 FIFA World Cup |- | 19 || 12 October 2002 || [[Tehelné pole]], [[Bratislava]]|| {{fb|SVK}}|| 2–1 || [[UEFA Euro 2004 qualifying|UEFA Euro 2004 qualification]] |- | 20 || 29 March 2003 || [[Rheinpark Stadion]], [[Vaduz]]|| {{fb|LIE}}|| 2–0 || UEFA Euro 2004 qualification |- | 21 || rowspan="2" | 11 June 2003 || rowspan="2" | [[Riverside Stadium]], [[Middlesbrough]]|| rowspan="2" | {{flagicon|Slovakia}} Slovakia || rowspan="2" | 2–1 || rowspan="2" | UEFA Euro 2004 qualification |- |22 |- | 23 || 20 August 2003 || [[Portman Road]], [[Ipswich]]|| {{fb|CRO}}|| 3–1 || Friendly match |- | 24 || 10 September 2003 || Old Trafford, [[Manchester]]|| {{flagicon|Liechtenstein}} Liechtenstein || 2–0 || UEFA Euro 2004 qualification |- | 25 || 1 June 2004 || [[City of Manchester Stadium]], Manchester || {{fb|JPN}}|| 1–1 || [[2004 FA Summer Tournament]] |- | 26 || 24 June 2004 || [[Estádio da Luz]], [[Lisbon]]|| {{fb|POR}}|| 2–2 <small>(5–6 on penalties)</small>|| [[UEFA Euro 2004]] |- | 27 || 18 August 2004 || St James' Park, Newcastle || {{fb|UKR}}|| 3–0 || Friendly match |- | 28 || 13 October 2004 || [[Tofik Bakhramov Stadium]], [[Baku]]|| {{fb|AZE}}|| 1–0 || [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)|2006 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- | 29 || 26 March 2005 || Old Trafford, Manchester || {{fb|NIR}}|| 4–0 || 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification |- | 30 || rowspan="3" | 31 May 2005 || rowspan="3" | [[Giants Stadium]], [[East Rutherford, New Jersey|East Rutherford]]|| rowspan="3" | {{fb|COL}}|| rowspan="3" | 3–2 || rowspan="3" | Friendly match |- |31 |- |32 |- | 33 || 12 October 2005 || Old Trafford, Manchester || {{fb|POL}}|| 2–1 || 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification |- | 34 || rowspan="2" | 12 November 2005 || rowspan="2" | [[Stade de Genève]], [[Geneva]] || rowspan="2" | {{flagicon|Argentina}} Argentina || rowspan="2" | 3–2 || rowspan="2" | Friendly match |- |35 |- | 36 || 3 June 2006 || [[Old Trafford]], Manchester || {{fb|JAM}} || 6–0 || Friendly match |- | 37 || 6 June 2007 || [[A. Le Coq Arena]], [[Tallinn]] || {{fb|EST}} || 3–0 || [[UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying|UEFA Euro 2008 qualification]] |- | 38 || 8 September 2007 || [[Wembley Stadium]], London || {{fb|ISR}} || 3–0 || UEFA Euro 2008 qualification |- | 39 || rowspan="2" | 12 September 2007 || rowspan="2" | Wembley Stadium, London || rowspan="2" | {{fb|RUS}} || rowspan="2" | 3–0 || rowspan="2" | UEFA Euro 2008 qualification |- |40 |} == References == {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category|Michael Owen}} * {{Official website|http://www.michaelowen.com}} * {{FIFA player|170722}} * {{IMDb name|id=0654213}} * [http://www.manutd.com/en/Players-And-Staff/First-Team/Michael-Owen.aspx Profile] at ManUtd.com * [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/columnists/michael_owen Michael Owen's column in The Times] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012142932/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/columnists/michael_owen |date=2008-10-12 }} * Photographs and statistics at sporting-heroes.net – [http://www.sporting-heroes.net/football-heroes/searchresults.asp?ButtonLeap=0&countryLinkDescription=+matching+search+results&FootballHeroName=michael+owen&FootballHeroClubCountry=england&FootballHeroDecade=Select+One&SearchButton=Search England], [http://www.sporting-heroes.net/football-heroes/searchresults.asp?ButtonLeap=0&countryLinkDescription=+matching+search+results&FootballHeroName=michael+owen&FootballHeroClubCountry=liverpool&FootballHeroDecade=Select+One&SearchButton=Search Liverpool], [http://www.sporting-heroes.net/football-heroes/displayhero_eurochamps.asp?HeroID=10685 Real Madrid], [http://www.sporting-heroes.net/football-heroes/displayhero_club.asp?HeroID=11466 Newcastle] * [https://www.premierleague.com/players/1208/Michael-Owen/overview Premier League profile] * {{Soccerbase}} {{England Squad 1998 World Cup}} {{England squad UEFA Euro 2000}} {{England Squad 2002 World Cup}} {{England squad UEFA Euro 2004}} {{England Squad 2006 World Cup}} {{FIFA 100}} {{FIFA World Cup Best Young Player}} {{sports-bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Owen, Michael}} [[Category:1979 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:People from Chester]] [[Category:Sportspeople from Cheshire]] [[Category:Association football forwards]] [[Category:English footballers]] [[Category:Premier League players]] [[Category:1998 FIFA World Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA Euro 2000 players]] [[Category:2002 FIFA World Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA Euro 2004 players]] [[Category:2006 FIFA World Cup players]] [[Category:English autobiographers]] [[Category:Ballon d'Or winners]] [[Category:Manchester United F.C. players]] [[Category:Liverpool F.C. players]] [[Category:England at the 1998 FIFA World Cup]] [[Category:England at UEFA Euro 2000]] [[Category:England at the 2002 FIFA World Cup]] [[Category:England at UEFA Euro 2004]] [[Category:England at the 2006 FIFA World Cup]] ckkegrolpwim9f7d3ubpujp2lakxqlt 10368822 10368820 2025-07-03T03:13:32Z 2001:E68:8389:F200:C43D:5301:4A8:6AA1 10368822 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Michael Owen | image = Michael Owen.jpg | caption = Owen in 2014 | fullname = Michael James Owen<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.premierleague.com/content/dam/premierleague/site-content/News/publications/squad-lists/squad-lists-february-2012.pdf |title=Premier League clubs submit squad lists |work=Premier League |page=23 |date=2 February 2012 |access-date=2 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227041058/http://www.premierleague.com/content/dam/premierleague/site-content/News/publications/squad-lists/squad-lists-february-2012.pdf |archive-date=27 February 2012 }}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1979|12|14|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Chester]], England | height = {{convert|1.73|m|order=flip}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/michael-owen|title=Premier League PlayerProfile|access-date=19 April 2011|publisher=Premier League|archive-date=28 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228043807/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/michael-owen|url-status=dead}}</ref> | position = [[Forward (association football)#Striker|Striker]] | youthyears1 = 1991–1996 | youthclubs1 = [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] | years1 = 1996–2004 | clubs1 = [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] | caps1 = 216 | goals1 = 118 | years2 = 2004–2005 | clubs2 = [[castilla fc]] | caps2 = 36 | goals2 = 13 | years3 = 2005–2009 | clubs3 = [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]] | caps3 = 71 | goals3 = 26 | years4 = 2009–2012 | clubs4 = [[Castilla Fc]] | caps4 = 31 | goals4 = 5 | years5 = 2012–2013 | clubs5 = Stoke City | caps5 = 8 | goals5 = 1 | totalcaps = 362 | totalgoals = 163 | nationalyears1 = | nationalteam1 = England U15 | nationalcaps1 = 8 | nationalgoals1 = 15 | nationalyears2 = | nationalteam2 = [[England national under-16 football team|England U16]] | nationalcaps2 = 11 | nationalgoals2 = 15 | nationalyears3 = | nationalteam3 = [[England national under-18 football team|England U18]] | nationalcaps3 = 14 | nationalgoals3 = 10 | nationalyears4 = 1997 | nationalteam4 = [[England national under-20 football team|England U20]] | nationalcaps4 = 4 | nationalgoals4 = 3 | nationalyears5 = 1997 | nationalteam5 = [[England national under-21 football team|England U21]] | nationalcaps5 = 1 | nationalgoals5 = 1 | nationalyears6 = 2006–2007 | nationalteam6 = [[England B national football team|England B]] | nationalcaps6 = 2 | nationalgoals6 = 0 | nationalyears7 = 1998–2008 | nationalteam7 = [[England national football team|England]] | nationalcaps7 = 89 | nationalgoals7 = 40 | currentclub = }} '''Michael Owen''' (born 14 December 1979) is a retired English professional footballer. == Club career statistics == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |- !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League ! colspan="2" | National Cup{{efn|Includes [[Copa del Rey]], [[FA Cup]]}} !colspan="2"|League Cup !colspan="2"|[[UEFA#Club|Europe]] !colspan="2"|Other !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="9"|[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] |[[1996–97 Liverpool F.C. season|1996–97]] |[[Premier League]] |2||1||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|–||2||1 |- |[[1997–98 Liverpool F.C. season|1997–98]] |Premier League |36||18||0||0||4||4||4{{efn|name=UC|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup]]}}||1||colspan="2"|–||44||23 |- |[[1998–99 Liverpool F.C. season|1998–99]] |Premier League |30||18||2||2||2||1||6{{efn|name=UC}}||2||colspan="2"|–||40||23 |- |[[1999–2000 Liverpool F.C. season|1999–2000]] |Premier League |27||11||1||0||2||1||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||30||12 |- |[[2000–01 Liverpool F.C. season|2000–01]] |Premier League |28||16||5||3||2||1||11{{efn|name=UC}}||4||colspan="2"|–||46||24 |- |[[2001–02 Liverpool F.C. season|2001–02]] |Premier League |29||19||2||2||0||0||10{{efn|name=UCL|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}}||5||2{{efn|name=LIV|One appearance in [[UEFA Super Cup]], one in [[FA Community Shield|Charity Shield]]}}||2||43||28 |- |[[2002–03 Liverpool F.C. season|2002–03]] |Premier League |35||19||2||0||4||2||12{{efn|name=LIV1|Six appearances and four goals in [[UEFA Champions League]], six appearances and three goals in [[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup]]}}||7||1{{efn|name=CS|Appearance in [[FA Community Shield]]}}||0||54||28 |- |[[2003–04 Liverpool F.C. season|2003–04]] |Premier League |29||16||3||1||0||0||6{{efn|name=UC}}||2||colspan="2"|–||38||19 |- !colspan="2"|Total !216!!118!!15!!8!!14!!9!!49!!21!!3!!2!!297!!158 |- |[[castilla]] |[[2004–05 castilla fc season|2004–05]] |[[La Liga]] |36||13||4||2||colspan="2"|–||5{{efn|name=UCL}}||1||colspan="2"|–||45||16 |- |rowspan="5"|[[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]] |[[2005–06 Newcastle United F.C. season|2005–06]] |Premier League |11||7||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|–||11||7 |- |[[2006–07 Newcastle United F.C. season|2006–07]] |Premier League |3||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|–||3||0 |- |[[2007–08 Newcastle United F.C. season|2007–08]] |Premier League |29||11||3||1||1||1||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||33||13 |- |[[2008–09 Newcastle United F.C. season|2008–09]] |Premier League |28||8||2||0||2||2||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||32||10 |- !colspan="2"|Total !71!!26!!5!!1!!3!!3!!0!!0!!colspan="2"|–!!79!!30 |- |rowspan="4"|[[]] |[[2009–1 season|2009–10]] |Premier League |19||3||1||0||4||2||6{{efn|name=UCL}}||4||1{{efn|name=CS}}||0||31||9 |- |[[2010–11 ]] |Premier League |11||2||2||1||1||2||2{{efn|name=UCL}}||0||1{{efn|name=CS}}||0||17||5 |- |[[2011–12 season|2011–12]] |Premier League |1||0||0||0||2||3||1{{efn|name=UCL}}||0||0||0||4||3 |- !colspan="2"|Total !31!!5!!3!!1!!7!!7!!9!!4!!2!!0!!52!!17 |- |[[Stoke City F.C.|Stoke City]] |[[2012–13 Stoke City F.C. season|2012–13]] |Premier League |8||1||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||9||1 |- !colspan="3"|Total !362!!163!!28!!12!!24!!19!!63!!26!!5!!2!!482!!222 |} {{notelist}} ''Statistics accurate as of match played 19 May 2013''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stretfordend.co.uk/playermenu/owen_m.html |title=Michael Owen |access-date=2 October 2010 |last=Endlar |first=Andrew |publisher=StretfordEnd.co.uk }}</ref> == International career statistics == <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/2146/Michael_Owen.html|title=Michael Owen|first=Benjamin|last=Strack-Zimmermann|website=www.national-football-teams.com}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/owen-intlg.html|title=Michael James Owen - Goals in International Matches|website=www.rsssf.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! colspan=3 | [[England national football team|England senior team]] |- !Year!!Caps!!Goals |- |1998||12||4 |- |1999||6||1 |- |2000||6||3 |- |2001||8||6 |- |2002||12||5 |- |2003||9||5 |- |2004||13||4 |- |2005||9||7 |- |2006||5||1 |- |2007||8||4 |- |2008||1||0 |- !Total||89||40 |} '''International goals'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Michael James Owen - Goals in International Matches|url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/owen-intlg.html|access-date=2021-05-03|website=www.rsssf.com}}</ref> :''Scores and results list England's goal tally first.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Goal !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Result !! Competition |- | 1 || 27 May 1998 || [[Stade Mohamed V]], [[Casablanca]] || {{fb|MAR}} || 1–0 || [[1998 King Hassan II International Cup Tournament|1998 Hassan II Trophy]] |- | 2 || 22 June 1998 || [[Stade de Toulouse]], [[Toulouse]] || {{fb|ROM}} || 1–2 || [[1998 FIFA World Cup]] |- | 3 || 30 June 1998 || [[Stade Geoffroy-Guichard]], [[Saint-Étienne]] || {{fb|ARG}} || 2–2 <small>(3–4 on penalties)</small> || 1998 FIFA World Cup |- | 4 || 14 October 1998 || [[Stade Josy Barthel]], [[Luxembourg City]] || {{fb|LUX}} || 3–0 || [[UEFA Euro 2000 qualifying|UEFA Euro 2000 qualification]] |- | 5 || 4 September 1999 || [[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley Stadium]], [[London]] || {{flagicon|Luxembourg}} Luxembourg || 6–0 || UEFA Euro 2000 qualification |- | 6 || 27 May 2000 || Wembley Stadium, London || {{fb|BRA}} || 1–1 || [[Friendly match]] |- | 7 || 20 June 2000 || [[Stade du Pays de Charleroi]], [[Charleroi]] || {{flagicon|Romania}} Romania || 2–3 || [[UEFA Euro 2000]] |- | 8 || 2 September 2000 || [[Stade de France]], [[Paris]] || {{fb|FRA}} || 1–1 || Friendly match |- | 9 || 24 March 2001 || [[Anfield]], [[Liverpool]] || {{fb|FIN}} || 2–1 || [[2002 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)|2002 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- | 10 || 28 March 2001 || [[Qemal Stafa (stadium)|Qemal Stafa]], [[Tirana]] || {{fb|ALB}} || 3–1 || 2002 FIFA World Cup qualification |- | 11 || rowspan="3" | 1 September 2001 || rowspan="3" | [[Olympic Stadium (Munich)|Olympic Stadium]], [[Munich]] || rowspan="3" | {{fb|GER}} || rowspan="3" | [[Germany 1–5 England (2001)|5–1]] || rowspan="3" | 2002 FIFA World Cup qualification |- |12 |- |13 |- | 14 || 5 September 2001 || [[St James' Park]], [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]]|| {{flagicon|Albania}} Albania || 2–0 || 2002 FIFA World Cup qualification |- | 15 || 17 April 2002 || Anfield, Liverpool || {{fb|PAR}}|| 4–0 || Friendly match |- | 16 || 21 May 2002 || [[Jeju World Cup Stadium]], [[Seogwipo]]|| {{fb|KOR}}|| 1–1 || Friendly match |- | 17 || 15 June 2002 || [[Stadium Big Swan]], [[Niigata, Niigata|Niigata]]|| {{fb|DEN}}|| 3–0 || [[2002 FIFA World Cup]] |- | 18 || 21 June 2002 || [[Shizuoka Stadium]], [[Shizuoka, Shizuoka|Shizuoka]]|| {{fb|BRA}}|| 1–2 || 2002 FIFA World Cup |- | 19 || 12 October 2002 || [[Tehelné pole]], [[Bratislava]]|| {{fb|SVK}}|| 2–1 || [[UEFA Euro 2004 qualifying|UEFA Euro 2004 qualification]] |- | 20 || 29 March 2003 || [[Rheinpark Stadion]], [[Vaduz]]|| {{fb|LIE}}|| 2–0 || UEFA Euro 2004 qualification |- | 21 || rowspan="2" | 11 June 2003 || rowspan="2" | [[Riverside Stadium]], [[Middlesbrough]]|| rowspan="2" | {{flagicon|Slovakia}} Slovakia || rowspan="2" | 2–1 || rowspan="2" | UEFA Euro 2004 qualification |- |22 |- | 23 || 20 August 2003 || [[Portman Road]], [[Ipswich]]|| {{fb|CRO}}|| 3–1 || Friendly match |- | 24 || 10 September 2003 || Old Trafford, [[Manchester]]|| {{flagicon|Liechtenstein}} Liechtenstein || 2–0 || UEFA Euro 2004 qualification |- | 25 || 1 June 2004 || [[City of Manchester Stadium]], Manchester || {{fb|JPN}}|| 1–1 || [[2004 FA Summer Tournament]] |- | 26 || 24 June 2004 || [[Estádio da Luz]], [[Lisbon]]|| {{fb|POR}}|| 2–2 <small>(5–6 on penalties)</small>|| [[UEFA Euro 2004]] |- | 27 || 18 August 2004 || St James' Park, Newcastle || {{fb|UKR}}|| 3–0 || Friendly match |- | 28 || 13 October 2004 || [[Tofik Bakhramov Stadium]], [[Baku]]|| {{fb|AZE}}|| 1–0 || [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)|2006 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- | 29 || 26 March 2005 || Old Trafford, Manchester || {{fb|NIR}}|| 4–0 || 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification |- | 30 || rowspan="3" | 31 May 2005 || rowspan="3" | [[Giants Stadium]], [[East Rutherford, New Jersey|East Rutherford]]|| rowspan="3" | {{fb|COL}}|| rowspan="3" | 3–2 || rowspan="3" | Friendly match |- |31 |- |32 |- | 33 || 12 October 2005 || Old Trafford, Manchester || {{fb|POL}}|| 2–1 || 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification |- | 34 || rowspan="2" | 12 November 2005 || rowspan="2" | [[Stade de Genève]], [[Geneva]] || rowspan="2" | {{flagicon|Argentina}} Argentina || rowspan="2" | 3–2 || rowspan="2" | Friendly match |- |35 |- | 36 || 3 June 2006 || [[Old Trafford]], Manchester || {{fb|JAM}} || 6–0 || Friendly match |- | 37 || 6 June 2007 || [[A. Le Coq Arena]], [[Tallinn]] || {{fb|EST}} || 3–0 || [[UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying|UEFA Euro 2008 qualification]] |- | 38 || 8 September 2007 || [[Wembley Stadium]], London || {{fb|ISR}} || 3–0 || UEFA Euro 2008 qualification |- | 39 || rowspan="2" | 12 September 2007 || rowspan="2" | Wembley Stadium, London || rowspan="2" | {{fb|RUS}} || rowspan="2" | 3–0 || rowspan="2" | UEFA Euro 2008 qualification |- |40 |} == References == {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category|Michael Owen}} * {{Official website|http://www.michaelowen.com}} * {{FIFA player|170722}} * {{IMDb name|id=0654213}} * [http://www.manutd.com/en/Players-And-Staff/First-Team/Michael-Owen.aspx Profile] at ManUtd.com * [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/columnists/michael_owen Michael Owen's column in The Times] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012142932/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/columnists/michael_owen |date=2008-10-12 }} * Photographs and statistics at sporting-heroes.net – [http://www.sporting-heroes.net/football-heroes/searchresults.asp?ButtonLeap=0&countryLinkDescription=+matching+search+results&FootballHeroName=michael+owen&FootballHeroClubCountry=england&FootballHeroDecade=Select+One&SearchButton=Search England], [http://www.sporting-heroes.net/football-heroes/searchresults.asp?ButtonLeap=0&countryLinkDescription=+matching+search+results&FootballHeroName=michael+owen&FootballHeroClubCountry=liverpool&FootballHeroDecade=Select+One&SearchButton=Search Liverpool], [http://www.sporting-heroes.net/football-heroes/displayhero_eurochamps.asp?HeroID=10685 Real Madrid], [http://www.sporting-heroes.net/football-heroes/displayhero_club.asp?HeroID=11466 Newcastle] * [https://www.premierleague.com/players/1208/Michael-Owen/overview Premier League profile] * {{Soccerbase}} {{England Squad 1998 World Cup}} {{England squad UEFA Euro 2000}} {{England Squad 2002 World Cup}} {{England squad UEFA Euro 2004}} {{England Squad 2006 World Cup}} {{FIFA 100}} {{FIFA World Cup Best Young Player}} {{sports-bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Owen, Michael}} [[Category:1979 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:People from Chester]] [[Category:Sportspeople from Cheshire]] [[Category:Association football forwards]] [[Category:English footballers]] [[Category:Premier League players]] [[Category:1998 FIFA World Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA Euro 2000 players]] [[Category:2002 FIFA World Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA Euro 2004 players]] [[Category:2006 FIFA World Cup players]] [[Category:English autobiographers]] [[Category:Ballon d'Or winners]] [[Category:Manchester United F.C. players]] [[Category:Liverpool F.C. players]] [[Category:England at the 1998 FIFA World Cup]] [[Category:England at UEFA Euro 2000]] [[Category:England at the 2002 FIFA World Cup]] [[Category:England at UEFA Euro 2004]] [[Category:England at the 2006 FIFA World Cup]] 4p6unr7bjuorkduzf46ym9xo9cxu0q7 0 48082 10368029 10309220 2025-07-02T18:11:23Z 2600:8805:D600:51C0:D125:A7D9:7C1A:266F 10368029 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Map Gallia Tribes Towns.png|thumb|225px|Map of Gaul circa 58 BC]] '''Gaul''' ({{lang-la|Gallia}}) was the name given in ancient times to the area of [[Western Europe]] that included northern [[Italy]], [[France]], [[Belgium]], western [[Switzerland]] and the parts of the [[Netherlands]] and [[Germany]] on the west bank of the [[Rhine]] river. Many [[Celt]]ic tribes lived in the region and were known, especially by the Romans, as Gauls, also known as Gallos. In English, the word ''Gaul'' ({{lang-fr|Gaulois}}) may mean a [[Celt]]ic [[inhabitant]] of that region or it may mean all ancient speakers of the [[Gaulish language]]. In this way, "Gaul" and "Celt" are sometimes used in the same sense. Gauls under [[Brennus (4th century)|Brennus]] [[attack]]ed Rome with the [[Battle of the Allia]] (390 BC). Later the Romans conquered and ruled Gaul. From 260-274, Gaul broke away from the [[Roman Empire]] and formed the Gallic Empire before getting defeated and reintegrated.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bileta|first=Vedran|title=What Was the Gallic Empire?|url=https://www.thecollector.com/what-was-the-gallic-empire/|access-date=2025-05-01|website=TheCollector|language=en}}</ref> ==Trivia== In [[Greek language|Greek]], modern-day France is called ''Γαλλία'' (same as the Latin ''Gallia'') and the term for a Gaulish person is ''Γαλατία'' (Galatia). == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == *[http://classics.mit.edu/Caesar/gallic.html The Gallic Wars] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926213353/http://classics.mit.edu/Caesar/gallic.html |date=2011-09-26 }} {{authority control}} [[Category:Gaul| ]] 63rx4l8ayzuar6d5pomiryh77428v70 10368031 10368029 2025-07-02T18:11:57Z Igor123121 1293570 Undid revision 10368029 by [[Special:Contributions/2600:8805:D600:51C0:D125:A7D9:7C1A:266F|2600:8805:D600:51C0:D125:A7D9:7C1A:266F]] ([[User talk:2600:8805:D600:51C0:D125:A7D9:7C1A:266F|talk]]) Unsourced 10368031 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Map Gallia Tribes Towns.png|thumb|225px|Map of Gaul circa 58 BC]] '''Gaul''' ({{lang-la|Gallia}}) was the name given in ancient times to the area of [[Western Europe]] that included northern [[Italy]], [[France]], [[Belgium]], western [[Switzerland]] and the parts of the [[Netherlands]] and [[Germany]] on the west bank of the [[Rhine]] river. Many [[Celt]]ic tribes lived in the region and were known by the Romans simply as "Gauls". In English, the word ''Gaul'' ({{lang-fr|Gaulois}}) may mean a [[Celt]]ic [[inhabitant]] of that region or it may mean all ancient speakers of the [[Gaulish language]]. In this way, "Gaul" and "Celt" are sometimes used in the same sense. Gauls under [[Brennus (4th century)|Brennus]] [[attack]]ed Rome with the [[Battle of the Allia]] (390 BC). Later the Romans conquered and ruled Gaul. From 260-274, Gaul broke away from the [[Roman Empire]] and formed the Gallic Empire before getting defeated and reintegrated.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bileta|first=Vedran|title=What Was the Gallic Empire?|url=https://www.thecollector.com/what-was-the-gallic-empire/|access-date=2025-05-01|website=TheCollector|language=en}}</ref> ==Trivia== In [[Greek language|Greek]], modern-day France is called ''Γαλλία'' (same as the Latin ''Gallia'') and the term for a Gaulish person is ''Γαλατία'' (Galatia). == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == *[http://classics.mit.edu/Caesar/gallic.html The Gallic Wars] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926213353/http://classics.mit.edu/Caesar/gallic.html |date=2011-09-26 }} {{authority control}} [[Category:Gaul| ]] qwt7zd2voqnmvqago8scipy4hebgmvr 0 48703 10369118 7231016 2025-07-03T07:47:26Z 180.150.36.182 10369118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | Name = Minor Threat | Img = Minor-threat-malcolm-riviera.jpg | Img_alt = | Img_capt = Minor Threat performing at the Wilson Center in Washington, D.C., 1981 | Img_size = | Landscape = | Background = group_or_band | Birth_name = | Alias = | birth_date = | birth_place = | Origin = [[Washington, D.C.]], United States | death_date = |death_place = | Instrument = | Genre = [[Hardcore punk]] | Occupation = | Years_active = 1980–1981<br/>1982–1983 | Label = [[Dischord Records|Dischord]] | Associated_acts = [[Fugazi]], [[Embrace (American band)|Embrace]], [[The Teen Idles]], [[Egg Hunt]], [[Samhain (band)|Samhain]], [[Bad Religion]], [[Government Issue]] | URL = | Notable_instruments = | Current_members = | Past_members = [[Ian MacKaye]]<br/>[[Jeff Nelson (musician)|Jeff Nelson]]<br/>[[Brian Baker (musician)|Brian Baker]]<br/>[[Lyle Preslar]]<br/>[[Steve Hansgen]] }} [[File:Minor-threat-malcolm-riviera.jpg|thumb|Minor Threat (1981)]] '''Minor Threat''' was a [[hardcore punk]] band from [[Washington DC]] from the 1980s. Many other bands which played hardcore punk music in the [[United States]] were influenced by Minor Threat's music. Minor Threat's songs were usually short and fast. All of Minor Threat's records were released on the band's own [[Dischord Records]] label.<ref>{{cite web | last = Hargus | first = Billy Bob | url = http://www.furious.com/PERFECT/fugazi.html | title = Ian MacKaye Interview | work = [[Perfect Sound Forever (magazine)|Perfect Sound Forever]] | accessdate = Jan 22, 2010 | archive-date = June 9, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070609021806/http://www.furious.com/perfect/fugazi.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> Minor Threat told their listeners they did not use [[illegal drugs]] or drink [[alcohol]], which was called being "straight edge." ==History== Ian MacKaye, Jeff Nelson, bassist Brian Baker, and guitarist Lyle Preslar formed Minor Threat in 1980. Their first records were ''Minor Threat'' and ''In My Eyes'' in 1981. The group toured through the United States. Their song "Straight Edge" had lyrics (words) that told people they did not use [[illegal drugs]] or drink [[alcohol]], which was called being "[[straight edge]]."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.straightedge.com/whatissxe.html|title=What is Straight Edge?|accessdate=23 January 2010}}</ref> Another song called "Out of Step" tells listeners not to smoke, drink, or have casual sex. People often thought that the band was telling others not to do these things but in interviews the band states that straight edge is a personal decision. Minor Threat broke up in 1983. ===Albums=== * ''[[Out of Step]]'' (1983) ===Extended Play records=== * ''[[Minor Threat (EP)|Minor Threat]]'' (1981) * ''[[In My Eyes (EP)|In My Eyes]]'' (1981) * ''[[Salad Days (Minor Threat EP)|Salad Days]]'' (1985) ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == * [http://www.minorthreat.com/ Official Website] * [http://www.dischord.com/band/minor-threat Minor Threat Profile by Dischord Records] [[category:American punk bands]] [[Category:Hardcore punk]] [[Category:Musical groups from Washington, D.C.]] [[Category:Musical groups established in 1980]] [[Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1983]] pv5o0bdqh5mlioxcfaupegpj3kiysmq 10369122 10369118 2025-07-03T07:47:40Z 180.150.36.182 10369122 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | Name = Minor Threat | Img = Minor-threat-malcolm-riviera.jpg | Img_alt = | Img_capt = Minor Threat performing at the Wilson Center in Washington, D.C., 1981 | Img_size = | Landscape = | Background = group_or_band | Birth_name = | Alias = | birth_date = | birth_place = | Origin = [[Washington, D.C.]], United States | death_date = |death_place = | Instrument = | Genre = [[Hardcore punk]] | Occupation = | Years_active = 1980–1981<br/>1982–1983 | Label = [[Dischord Records|Dischord]] | Associated_acts = [[Fugazi]], [[Embrace (American band)|Embrace]], [[The Teen Idles]], [[Egg Hunt]], [[Samhain (band)|Samhain]], [[Bad Religion]], [[Government Issue]] | URL = | Notable_instruments = | Current_members = | Past_members = [[Ian MacKaye]]<br/>[[Jeff Nelson (musician)|Jeff Nelson]]<br/>[[Brian Baker (musician)|Brian Baker]]<br/>[[Lyle Preslar]]<br/>[[Steve Hansgen]] }} [[File:Minor-threat-malcolm-riviera.jpg|thumb|Minor Threat (1981)]] '''Minor Threat''' was a [[hardcore punk]] band from [[Washington DC]] from the 1980s. Many other bands which played hardcore punk music in the [[United States]] were influenced by Minor Threat's music. Minor Threat's songs were usually short and fast. All of Minor Threat's records were released on the band's own [[Dischord Records]] label.<ref>{{cite web | last = Hargus | first = Billy Bob | url = http://www.furious.com/PERFECT/fugazi.html | title = Ian MacKaye Interview | work = [[Perfect Sound Forever (magazine)|Perfect Sound Forever]] | accessdate = Jan 22, 2010 | archive-date = June 9, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070609021806/http://www.furious.com/perfect/fugazi.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> Minor Threat told their listeners they did not use [[illegal drugs]] or drink [[alcohol]], which was called being "straight edge." ==History== Ian MacKaye, Jeff Nelson, bassist Brian Baker, and guitarist Lyle Preslar formed Minor Threat in 1980. Their first records were ''Minor Threat'' and ''In My Eyes'' in 1981. The group toured through the United States. Their song "Straight Edge" had lyrics (words) that told people they did not use [[illegal drugs]] or drink [[alcohol]], which was called being "[[straight edge]]."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.straightedge.com/whatissxe.html|title=What is Straight Edge?|accessdate=23 January 2010}}</ref> Another song called "Out of Step" tells listeners not to smoke, drink, or have casual sex. People often thought that the band was telling others not to do these things but in interviews the band states that straight edge is a personal decision. Minor Threat broke up in 1983. ===Albums=== * ''[[Out of Step]]'' (1983) ===Extended Play records=== * ''[[Minor Threat (EP)|Minor Threat]]'' (1981) * ''[[In My Eyes (EP)|In My Eyes]]'' (1981) * ''[[Salad Days (Minor Threat EP)|Salad Days]]'' (1985) ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == * [http://www.minorthreat.com/ Official Website] * [http://www.dischord.com/band/minor-threat Minor Threat Profile by Dischord Records] [[Category:American punk bands]] [[Category:Hardcore punk]] [[Category:Musical groups from Washington, D.C.]] [[Category:Musical groups established in 1980]] [[Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1983]] 1cp9mbtfda1yuf56wmh477f15gv6pes 10369125 10369122 2025-07-03T07:47:56Z 180.150.36.182 10369125 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | Name = Minor Threat | Img = Minor-threat-malcolm-riviera.jpg | Img_alt = | Img_capt = Minor Threat performing at the Wilson Center in Washington, D.C., 1981 | Img_size = | Landscape = | Background = group_or_band | Birth_name = | Alias = | birth_date = | birth_place = | Origin = [[Washington, D.C.]], United States | death_date = |death_place = | Instrument = | Genre = [[Hardcore punk]] | Occupation = | Years_active = 1980–1981<br/>1982–1983 | Label = [[Dischord Records|Dischord]] | Associated_acts = [[Fugazi]], [[Embrace (American band)|Embrace]], [[The Teen Idles]], [[Egg Hunt]], [[Samhain (band)|Samhain]], [[Bad Religion]], [[Government Issue]] | URL = | Notable_instruments = | Current_members = | Past_members = [[Ian MacKaye]]<br/>[[Jeff Nelson (musician)|Jeff Nelson]]<br/>[[Brian Baker (musician)|Brian Baker]]<br/>[[Lyle Preslar]]<br/>[[Steve Hansgen]] }} [[File:Minor-threat-malcolm-riviera.jpg|thumb|Minor Threat (1981)]] '''Minor Threat''' was a [[hardcore punk]] band from [[Washington DC]] from the 1980s. Many other bands which played hardcore punk music in the [[United States]] were influenced by Minor Threat's music. Minor Threat's songs were usually short and fast. All of Minor Threat's records were released on the band's own [[Dischord Records]] label.<ref>{{cite web | last = Hargus | first = Billy Bob | url = http://www.furious.com/PERFECT/fugazi.html | title = Ian MacKaye Interview | work = [[Perfect Sound Forever (magazine)|Perfect Sound Forever]] | accessdate = Jan 22, 2010 | archive-date = June 9, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070609021806/http://www.furious.com/perfect/fugazi.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> Minor Threat told their listeners they did not use [[illegal drugs]] or drink [[alcohol]], which was called being "straight edge." ==History== Ian MacKaye, Jeff Nelson, bassist Brian Baker, and guitarist Lyle Preslar formed Minor Threat in 1980. Their first records were ''Minor Threat'' and ''In My Eyes'' in 1981. The group toured through the United States. Their song "Straight Edge" had lyrics (words) that told people they did not use [[illegal drugs]] or drink [[alcohol]], which was called being "[[straight edge]]."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.straightedge.com/whatissxe.html|title=What is Straight Edge?|accessdate=23 January 2010}}</ref> Another song called "Out of Step" tells listeners not to smoke, drink, or have casual sex. People often thought that the band was telling others not to do these things but in interviews the band states that straight edge is a personal decision. Minor Threat broke up in 1983. ===Albums=== * ''[[Out of Step]]'' (1983) ===Extended Play records=== * ''[[Minor Threat (EP)|Minor Threat]]'' (1981) * ''[[In My Eyes (EP)|In My Eyes]]'' (1981) * ''[[Salad Days (Minor Threat EP)|Salad Days]]'' (1985) ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [http://www.minorthreat.com/ Official Website] * [http://www.dischord.com/band/minor-threat Minor Threat Profile by Dischord Records] [[Category:American punk bands]] [[Category:Hardcore punk]] [[Category:Musical groups from Washington, D.C.]] [[Category:Musical groups established in 1980]] [[Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1983]] k9ue2qwppz87ghkrtx0xaw27f270mqs 10369127 10369125 2025-07-03T07:48:10Z 180.150.36.182 10369127 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | Name = Minor Threat | Img = Minor-threat-malcolm-riviera.jpg | Img_alt = | Img_capt = Minor Threat performing at the Wilson Center in Washington, D.C., 1981 | Img_size = | Landscape = | Background = group_or_band | Birth_name = | Alias = | birth_date = | birth_place = | Origin = [[Washington, D.C.]], United States | death_date = |death_place = | Instrument = | Genre = [[Hardcore punk]] | Occupation = | Years_active = 1980–1981<br/>1982–1983 | Label = [[Dischord Records|Dischord]] | Associated_acts = [[Fugazi]], [[Embrace (American band)|Embrace]], [[The Teen Idles]], [[Egg Hunt]], [[Samhain (band)|Samhain]], [[Bad Religion]], [[Government Issue]] | URL = | Notable_instruments = | Current_members = | Past_members = [[Ian MacKaye]]<br/>[[Jeff Nelson (musician)|Jeff Nelson]]<br/>[[Brian Baker (musician)|Brian Baker]]<br/>[[Lyle Preslar]]<br/>[[Steve Hansgen]] }} [[File:Minor-threat-malcolm-riviera.jpg|thumb|Minor Threat (1981)]] '''Minor Threat''' was a [[hardcore punk]] band from [[Washington DC]] from the 1980s. Many other bands which played hardcore punk music in the [[United States]] were influenced by Minor Threat's music. Minor Threat's songs were usually short and fast. All of Minor Threat's records were released on the band's own [[Dischord Records]] label.<ref>{{cite web | last = Hargus | first = Billy Bob | url = http://www.furious.com/PERFECT/fugazi.html | title = Ian MacKaye Interview | work = [[Perfect Sound Forever (magazine)|Perfect Sound Forever]] | accessdate = Jan 22, 2010 | archive-date = June 9, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070609021806/http://www.furious.com/perfect/fugazi.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> Minor Threat told their listeners they did not use [[illegal drugs]] or drink [[alcohol]], which was called being "straight edge." ==History== Ian MacKaye, Jeff Nelson, bassist Brian Baker, and guitarist Lyle Preslar formed Minor Threat in 1980. Their first records were ''Minor Threat'' and ''In My Eyes'' in 1981. The group toured through the United States. Their song "Straight Edge" had lyrics (words) that told people they did not use [[illegal drugs]] or drink [[alcohol]], which was called being "[[straight edge]]."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.straightedge.com/whatissxe.html|title=What is Straight Edge?|accessdate=23 January 2010}}</ref> Another song called "Out of Step" tells listeners not to smoke, drink, or have casual sex. People often thought that the band was telling others not to do these things but in interviews the band states that straight edge is a personal decision. Minor Threat broke up in 1983. ===Albums=== * ''[[Out of Step]]'' (1983) ===Extended plays=== * ''[[Minor Threat (EP)|Minor Threat]]'' (1981) * ''[[In My Eyes (EP)|In My Eyes]]'' (1981) * ''[[Salad Days (Minor Threat EP)|Salad Days]]'' (1985) ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [http://www.minorthreat.com/ Official Website] * [http://www.dischord.com/band/minor-threat Minor Threat Profile by Dischord Records] [[Category:American punk bands]] [[Category:Hardcore punk]] [[Category:Musical groups from Washington, D.C.]] [[Category:Musical groups established in 1980]] [[Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1983]] qtoj3c4vw6utvto3cwbj96cy4ttxqd9 0 48738 10369155 8582568 2025-07-03T08:06:24Z 180.150.36.182 10369155 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Learning music by ear''' is learning to play a piece of music by listening to other people playing it and then trying to play it oneself. In some musical traditions there is no [[music notation|written music]] and everybody plays by ear all the time. Folk music is traditionally learned by listening to other musicians and copying them. This is how music is passed from one [[generation]] to another. Most people in the Western musical tradition learn [[piece (music)|pieces]] and [[song]]s by [[reading music]], but it is good to try to play music by ear sometimes. It can be a very useful skill. The [[Suzuki method]] of learning instruments started in [[Japan]] but is now used in many countries. It teaches young children to play an instrument (usually the [[violin]]) by ear. [[Category:Music education]] [[Category:Musical performance techniques]] {{music-stub}} iz8bp9vhtaj4rxln7envbo32o2o9cue 0 48867 10368907 10324000 2025-07-03T03:57:21Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{no sources}} {{Infobox symptom | Name = Tachycardia | Image = Tachycardia_ECG_paper.svg | Caption = ECG showing [[sinus tachycardia]] with a rate of about 100 beats per minute | DiseasesDB = | ICD10 = {{ICD10|I|47||i|30}}-{{ICD10|I|49||i|30}}, {{ICD10|R|00|0|r|00}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|427}}, {{ICD9|785.0}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = | eMedicineTopic = | MeshID = D013610 }} '''Tachycardia''' is the fast beating of the [[heart]]. In [[adult]]s, it refers to [[heart rate]]s higher than 100 beats per minute. Tachycardia may be a normal physiological response to [[wikt:stress|stress]], but depending on the cause and how healthy the patient is, tachycardia could be harmful and need medical treatment. In some cases, tachycardia can cause [[death]]. Tachycardia can be harmful in two ways. First, when the heart beats too rapidly, it may perform inefficiently. Second, the faster the heart beats, the more [[oxygen]] and nutrients the heart requires. This can be especially problematic for patients suffering from [[ischaemic heart disease]]. == Other websites == {{Medical resources | DiseasesDB = | ICD10 = {{ICD10|I|47||i|30}}-{{ICD10|I|49||i|30}}, {{ICD10|R|00|0|r|00}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|427}}, {{ICD9|785.0}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = | eMedicineTopic = | MeshID = D013610 }} {{Cardiovascular system symptoms and signs}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Cardiac arrhythmia]] [[Category:Symptoms and signs: Cardiac]] [[Category:Medical emergencies]] [[Category:Cardiovascular system]] p1i720bon60s9gbmwn5jv1kppcdeom7 0 50885 10367561 10365504 2025-07-02T12:02:44Z 2600:8805:D600:51C0:D125:A7D9:7C1A:266F 10367561 wikitext text/x-wiki {{complex|2=complex words and compound sentences|date=December 2017}} {{Infobox television | image = File:The Teletubbies are still here 2011 (6592747791).jpg | caption = ''Teletubbies'' Carousel | creator = [[Anne Wood]]<br />[[Andrew Davenport]] | developer = [[Ragdoll Productions]] (Original Series)<br />[[Darrall Macqueen]] (Revived Series)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.c21media.net/nickelodeon-takes-teletubbies-reboot/|title=Nickelodeon takes Teletubbies reboot|publisher=C21 Media|date=6 November 2015|last=Franks|first=Nico|accessdate=27 May 2016}}</ref> | starring = '''Original series:'''<br />[[Dave Thompson (comedian)|Dave Thompson]]<br />[[Simon Shelton]]<br />[[John Simmit]]<br />[[Nikky Smedley]]<br />[[Pui Fan Lee]]<br />Mark Dean<br />[[Jessica Smith]]<br />[[Robin Stevens]]<br />Toyah Wilcox<br />'''Revived series:'''<br />[[Jeremiah Krage]]<br />[[Nick Kellington]]<br />Rebecca Hyland<br />[[Rachelle Beinart]]<br />Olly Taylor<br />Berry Smith<br />Victoria Jane<br /> Luisa Guerreiro | voices = '''Original series:'''<br />[[Toyah Willcox]]<br />[[Penelope Keith]]<br />[[John Simmit]]<br />Gary Stevenson<br />Alex Hogg<br />Alex Pascall<br />[[Rudolph Walker]]<br />[[Eric Sykes]]<br />Mark Heenehan<br />[[Sandra Dickinson]] (US)<br />[[John Schwab]] (US)<br />[[Toni Barry]] (US)<br />Dena Davis (US)<br />'''Revived series:'''<br />[[Jane Horrocks]]<br />[[Jim Broadbent]]<br />[[Fearne Cotton]]<br />[[Antonia Thomas]]<br />[[Teresa Gallagher]]<br />[[Rob Rackstraw]]<br />[[David Walliams]]<br />[[Rochelle Humes]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/mediapacks/teletubbies2|title=It's time for series two of Teletubbies!|accessdate=20 September 2017}}</ref> <br /> Ralph Reay | narrated = [[Tim Whitnall]] (songs only in the US)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-32201894|title=Teletubbies voices revealed for new series|publisher=[[BBC|British Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=7 April 2015|accessdate=27 May 2016}}</ref><br />Toyah Wilcox (titles and credits only)<br />[[Rolf Saxon]] (US)<br />[[Daniel Rigby]]<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2015-06-16/from-bt-adverts-and-teletubbies-to-undercover---the-screen-journey-of-daniel-rigby|title=From BT adverts and Teletubbies to Undercover – the screen journey of Daniel Rigby|magazine=[[Radio Times]]|date=16 June 2015|last=Fullerton|first=Huw|accessdate=27 May 2016|archive-date=27 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170127204747/http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2015-06-16/from-bt-adverts-and-teletubbies-to-undercover---the-screen-journey-of-daniel-rigby|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />[[Antonia Thomas]] (titles and credits only) | opentheme = "[[Teletubbies say "Eh-oh!"|Teletubbies say 'Eh-oh!']]" | composer = Andrew McCorrie-Shand (Original series)<br />Robert Hartley<br>[[BBC Philharmonic]]<br />[[Richie Webb]]<br />Matt Katz (Revival series) | country = United Kingdom | language = English | num_seasons = 5 (original series) <br />4 (revival series) | num_episodes = 365 (+1 special) (original series) <br />120 (revival series) | list_episodes = List of Teletubbies episodes | location = [[Wimpstone, Warwickshire|Wimpstone]], England (1997–2001)<ref name="ourwarwickshire-org">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ourwarwickshire.org.uk/content/article/geology-landscape-tellytubbyland|title=The Geology and Landscape of Teletubbyland}}</ref><br />Twickenham Studios, West London, England (2015–2018) | executive_producer = Anne Wood<br />David G. Hiller<br />Vic Finch (Original Series)<br />[[Maddy Darrall]]<br />[[Billy Macqueen]] (Revival Series) | runtime = 25 minutes (original series) <br />15 minutes (revival series) | company = '''Original series'''<br />[[Ragdoll Productions]]<br />[[BBC]]<br />'''Revival series'''<br />[[DHX Media]]<br />[[Darrall Macqueen]]<br />InGenious | network = Original series * [[BBC One]] (1997-2000) * [[PBS]] (1998-2008) * [[BBC Two]] (1999-2002) Revival Series * [[CBeebies]] (2015-2018) * [[Netflix]] (2022) | first_aired = '''Original series:'''<br />{{Start date|1997|3|31|df=y}} – <br />{{End date|2001|2|16|df=y}}<br /> '''Revival series:'''<br />{{Start date|2015|11|9|df=y}} | last_aired = {{End date|2018|10|12|df=y}} }} '''''The Teletubbies and Their Fellow Friends''''', also referred to as '''''Teletubbies and Their Fellow Friends''''', '''''The Teletubbies and Fellow Friends''''', '''''Teletubbies and Fellow Friends''''', '''''The Teletubbies''''' or '''''Teletubbies''''' for short, is a British [[television program|children's television series]] for [[preschool]] viewers that aired on [[CBeebies]]. It was a show made from 31 March 1997 to 16 February 2001. The pilot was made in 1997 It was developed by [[Ragdoll Productions]] and created by director [[Anne Wood]] [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] and Andrew Davenport who wrote all 365 episodes of the original series and all 120 episodes of the revival series, this time with Darrall Macqueen developing the show. The show had two narrators; [[Tim Whitnall]] (for the international versions) and Rolf Saxon (for the [[PBS Kids]] version). ''Teletubbies'' was also shown on television in the United States on the [[Public Brodcasting Service|Public Broadcasting Service]] (PBS). [[Public broadcasting|Public television]] used the show on their television network until 29 August 2008, when it was removed from the television schedule and returned on PBS Kids Pluto TV on May 1, 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.commercialexploitation.org/articles/featured/troubleteletubbies.htm |title=The Trouble With Teletubbies |publisher=Commercialexploitation.org |accessdate=10 July 2010 |archive-date=13 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613102851/http://commercialexploitation.org/articles/featured/troubleteletubbies.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> The show made new episodes until 16 February 2001. Years later, a new series aired in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/news/multi-platform/news/cbbc-wants-first-tenders/1177573.article |title=CBBC wants first tenders &#124; News &#124; Broadcast |publisher=Broadcast now.co.uk |date=29 June 2001 |accessdate=10 July 2010}}</ref> == Plot == The show takes place in a grassy, floral [[planet]] referred to as Teletubbyland populated by rabbits and bees with calls of birds heard in the background. The Teletubbytrons, or the Teletubbies for short, are a family of four colourful magitechnological [[Teddy bear|teddy-bear]]-[[Bear|cub]]-like toy [[Telerobot|telerobotic]] [[lamp]] creatures who act like children. They have TV screens in their stomachs and antennas on their heads. They live in Teletubbyland with many automated objects (with [[lemur]]-like characteristics) such as the Noo-Noo, a blue/orange, pink and golden [[vacuum cleaner]], and the Voice Trumpets, a group of [[Megaphone|voice trumpet]]s shaped like [[Shower|shower head]]s. The Teletubbies reside in a hillhouse known as the 123 Home Dome Drive Tubbytronic Home Superdome Hill. Located in the ground, it has three entrances, which are a hole at the top and four large half-semicircular doors at the dome's front and back feet. In every episode, the Teletubbies do similar activities, like playing with the Voice Trumpets or the mishaps caused by the Noo-Noo. That also includes the footage of live children displayed on the screens in the Teletubbies' stomachs and a magical event that happens once per episode. The activities are different from each episode but still very similar. == Characters == === The Teletubbies === ==== Tinky Winky ==== Tinky Winky "Tinkus Winkus" Teletubby (played by Dave Thompson, Mark Heenehan, and [[Simon Shelton]] in the original series and by Jeremiah Krage in the revived series) is the first Teletubby. He is the largest Teletubby, he is [[purple]], and has a [[triangle|triangular]] [[antenna]] on his head. He is notable for the [[red]] magic bag he always carries. He is also found dancing in a ballet-style skirt from time to time, which is also often worn by Laa-Laa. ==== Dipsy==== Dipsy Teletubby (played by John Simmit in the original series and Nick Kellington in the revived series) is the second Teletubby. He is [[lime (color)|lime green]] and is called "Dipsy" because his straight antenna looks like a [[dipstick]]{{cn|date=July 2017}}. He has a [[black]] and [[white]] furry top hat that he likes a lot. Dipsy is the most stubborn of the Teletubbies, and will sometimes refuse to go along with the other Teletubbies' opinions. His face and ears are notably dark. ==== Laa-Laa==== Laa-Laa "Laa" Teletubby (played by Nikky Smedley in the original series and Rebecca Hyland in the revived series) is the third Teletubby. She is [[yellow]], has a swirly antenna and is concerned with the welfare of all. She is the best singer of all the Teletubbies and is a drama queen, party girl and [[mother]]ly type. Her favourite thing is a bouncy, [[Orange (color)|orange]] ball, which is almost as big as she is. She likes to sing and dance. Laa-Laa is one of the two girls in the Teletubbies show. ==== Po ==== Po-Po "Po" Teletubby (played by Pui Fan Lee in the original series and Rachelle Beinart in the revived series) is the [[red]] Teletubby. She is the fourth of the Teletubbies and has an antenna that is round. Po is the smallest of the Teletubbies and gets into trouble the most. She also says the word "Eh-oh" ([[hello]]), a word used by herself and the other three Teletubbies. Po's favourite object is her [[blue]] and [[pink]] [[scooter]], which she calls "cootuh" (but also "'cooter" or "scootuh"). Po often wants attention and can sometimes be mischievous and naughty when she disobeys the commands of the Voice Trumpets. Po can speak two [[language]]s. Those languages are [[English language|English]] (or the broadcasting country's language) and, for counting and singing, [[Cantonese language|Cantonese]]. For example, she says "Yatt, yit, sam.", which means "One, two, three." She is a problem solver and the best spider-fighter. Po is also a [[Tomboy]] type. In the Teletubbies' house, she sleeps at the side of all the other Teletubbies and sometimes eats Tubby [[Toast]] while the others are sleeping. She is voiced by Pui Fan Lee, who can speak Cantonese as well. Although many are unsure of Po's [[gender]] or think she is [[male]], probably because of her [[scarlet]]/red colour and [[tomboy]]ish behaviour, she is explicitly female in several episodes, such as "Dad's Portrait" (Episode 216, first broadcast 1998) and "Numbers: 2" (Episode 30). ==== Character Names ==== The antenna shapes of each Teletubby provide clues as to the character's names: * '''T'''riangle: Tinky Winky * '''D'''tick: Dipsy * '''L'''oop: Laa-Laa * '''P'''late: Po ==== Skin Colour ==== * Tinky Winky: {{Purple|Purple}} * Dipsy: {{Green|Green}} * Laa-Laa: {{Yellow|Yellow}} * Po: {{Red|Red}} === Other Characters === ====Noo-Noo==== The Noo-Noo "Noo", Tubbynoo-Noo "Tubbynoo" (played by Mark Dean) is the Teletubbies' sentient [[blue]] pet [[Teddy elephant|teddy-elephant]]-[[Elephant|calf]]-like toy projection telerobotic [[vacuum cleaner]] creature who turns [[Orange (color)|orange]], [[Gold (color)|gold]] and [[pink]]. He cleans up after the Teletubbies ("Noo-Noo tidy up!"). It has been shown that the Noo-Noo has an extraordinarily large storage capacity. He also can to vomit out any content, often things that he should not have consumed in the first place such as the Teletubbies' blankets, foods or favourite things. Then, he is called Naughty Noo-Noo. The Noo-Noo does not share the Teletubbies' enthusiasm for big hugs, resulting in [[Benny Hill]]-style chase scenes around the dome when the Tubbies try to express their thankfulness, during which the Noo-Noo does an impression of a [[Formula 1]] car engine in full flight. The Teletubbies always win and give the Noo-Noo a big hug. ==== Supporting Characters ==== Although non-sentient, the other machines of the Tubbytronic Superdome also play a major role in many episodes. * The Tubby Voice Trumpets are a group of voice trumpets resembling shower heads. They are also guardians of the Teletubbies. They live outside in the fields. They sometimes come out of the ground to talk to the Teletubbies. They can play games with the Teletubbies, usually games such as hide and seek. * The Giggly Baby Sun (played and voiced by Jess Smith in the original series and by Berry (surname unknown) in the revived series) is a young sun that appears at the beginning and the end of each episode. Her job is to wake up the Teletubbies. * The Tubby Toaster is very unreliable, and often either leaves a Tubby without their toast or buries them under heaps of toast. * The dome's central console has a battery of knobs and levers with which a Teletubby often chooses to amuse themselves ("Adjustments!"), although the outcome is normally limited to a variety of loud and surprising noises being generated. * The Tubby Phone is next to the Tubby Sponge Cases, which contain the Tubby Sponges ("Wash, wash, wash. Wash, wash, wash. Tubby, Tubby, Tubby, Tubby. Wash wash wash"). * Outside, the Magic Tubby Windmill not only generate energy to power the Superdome, but it also gives the signal to the Teletubbies that it is time for Tummy Tales, which is a segment about them watching the Earth's children on either one of their television screens, Magic Events (only in the original series), the Lion and the Bear (also only in the original series) or Tubby Bye-Bye. The show also features the Little Lambs, the Dog, the Butterfly, the Pink Spider, the Magic Crown, the Socks, the Vest, the Pants, the Blue Mittens and the Pink Boots and occasionally, the Trees, the Clouds, the Rabbits and the Bees. The Birds are planned to be in the TV series but only heard off-screen. ==== Physical Cast ==== The only physical cast members are John Schwab and Sandra Dickson, who play the Voice Trumpets, Penelope Keith, who plays the Brown, Fuzzy Bear with Brown, Fuzzy Hair, [[Eric Sykes]], who plays the Big, Scary Lion with Big, Scary Teeth and Jess Smith who plays the Baby Sun, who is believed to have been around seven months old at the time of filming.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.everyhit.com/record3.html | title = Singles : Artists : Age | accessdate = 2008-09-30 | work = Record Breakers and Trivia | publisher = EveryHit.com | quote = Jess Smith played the part of the 'Baby Sun' in the Teletubbies TV programme. Her giggle was used on The Teletubbies 1997 chart-topper "Teletubbies Say Eh-Oh!" Though not credited for this 'performance,' she is the youngest person to have appeared on a no.1 single. We are currently trying to ascertain her precise age at the time of recording; it is certainly less than 1 year old and thought to be around the 7-month mark.}}</ref> Her giggle was included in the single ''Teletubbies Say Eh-Oh!'' Although not credited, this makes her technically the youngest person ever whose vocals appeared on a number-one song.{{cn}} ==Series overview== {{main|List of Teletubbies episodes}} ===Original series=== {|class="wikitable ! Series !! Episodes !! First episode !! Final episode |- | 1 || 118 || 31 March 1997 || 31 December 1997 |- | 2 || 126 || 1 January 1998 || 31 December 1998 |- | 3 || 56 || 1 January 1999 || 17 December 1999 |- | 4 || 30 || 31 July 2000 || 22 December 2000 |- | 5 || 35 || 1 January 2001 || 16 February 2001 |- |} ===Revival series=== {|class="wikitable ! Series !! Episodes !! First episode !! Final episode |- | 1 || 15 || 9 November 2015 || 27 November 2015 |- | 2 || 45 || 18 January 2016 || 4 November 2016 |- | 3 || 40 || 14 March 2017 || 20 October 2017 |- | 4 || 20 || 4 June 2018 || 12 October 2018 |- |} == The Teletubbies' instruments == Each of the Teletubbies plays a single instrument. * Tinky Winky: [[guitar]] and [[tuba]] * Dipsy: [[drum]] and [[marimba]] * Laa-Laa: [[harp]] and [[saxophone]] * Po: [[piano]] == Controversy == === Tinky Winky === Tinky Winky started a still talked-about [[controversy]] in 1999 due to his carrying a bag that looks like a woman's handbag. He was first called [[Homosexuality|gay]] by the academic and [[culture|cultural]] critic Andy Medhurst in a letter of July 1997 to ''The Face'', and gained the interest of [[Jerry Falwell]] in 1997 when Fallwell said that the character was a "gay role model." Falwell wrote about it in his ''National Liberty Journal''. He said that in the Washington Post "In/Out" column someone had written that [[lesbian]] [[comedian]] [[Ellen DeGeneres]] was "out" or [[Openly gay|uncloseted]], as the main gay model, while the Tinky Winky was "in" or [[closeted]]. Falwell said it was because of the Teletubby's purple colour, the "purse" (British for Handbag) and the triangle antenna which all represented [[homosexuality]]. Also, Tinky Winky dances in a tutu, which supporters of the theory may take as evidence. This caused many [[Christians]] to [[boycott]] Teletubbies because it made them think that Teletubbies support homosexuality. A February 1999 article in the ''National Liberty Journal'', published by evangelical pastor [[Jerry Falwell]], warned parents that Tinky Winky could be a hidden [[Homosexuality|homosexual]] symbol, because "he is purple, the [[gay]] [[pride]] colour, and his antenna is shaped like a triangle, the gay pride symbol".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/11/us/national-news-briefs-falwell-sees-gay-in-a-teletubby.html|title=National News Briefs; Falwell Sees 'Gay' In a Teletubby|first=Agence|last=France-Presse|newspaper=The New York Times |date=11 February 1999|publisher=}}</ref> A spokesman for The itsy bitsy Entertainment Company, which licenses the characters in the [[United States]], said that it was just a [[magic]] bag." The fact that he carries a magic bag doesn't make him a homosexual. It's a children's show, folks. To think we would be putting sexual innuendo in a children's show is kind of outlandish", he added. In an unrelated incident reported in 2000, a girl's Tinky Winky toy reportedly said "I got a gun". Kenn Viselman, then chairman of The itsy bitsy Entertainment Company, said the toy was saying "Again, again!", a catchphrase from the show.<ref name="tinky gun">{{cite news | author= Dotinga, Randy | date= April 12, 2000 | title= Lawsuit to Target Teletubbies for Gun Talk | publisher= APBNews | url= http://www.apbnews.com/newscenter/breakingnews/2000/04/12/teletubbies0412_01.html | access-date= July 30, 2022 | archive-date= May 10, 2000 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20000510155551/http://www.apbnews.com/newscenter/breakingnews/2000/04/12/teletubbies0412_01.html | url-status= bot: unknown }}</ref> === Po === A girl's talking Po doll was thought to be saying "faggot, faggot" as well as "fatty, fatty". Supporters of the interpretation of Tinky Winky as a gay pride symbol might take this as evidence as well. The toy was recalled and it was revealed to have said "fi-dit, fi-dit", which was inspired by Cantonese for "faster, faster".<ref>http://crossroad.to/Q&A/Toys-Games/teletubbies.htm Teletubbies Q&A's</ref> ===The Lion and The Bear=== In the episode, "See-Saw" from (season 1) The Lion and The Bear came to Teletubbyland. The Lion is voiced by [[Eric Sykes]] and The Bear is voiced by Penelope Keith. In the original, many kids thought The Lion and The Bear were very scary and [[parents]] reported to the [[BBC]] that The Lion and The Bear were too scary. In the next season, they will do The Lion and The Bear again but this time with more careful Music and happier voices. == Sponsors == In the [[United States of America]], the show is [[sponsor]]ed for broadcast on television; this is a list of the companies who have sponsored the show. * Nickelodeon Home Entertainment (1998-2008) ==Related pages== * Teletubbies Everywhere * The Tiddlytubbies * [[Boohbah]] * [[Tweenies]] * [[Teddybears (TV series)]] * [[In the Night Garden...]] * [[Get Squiggling]] * [[List of Teletubbies episodes]] * List of Teletubbies Sunday and Weekened Specials == References == {{reflist|2}} == Other websites == {{Wikiquote}} {{Commonscat}} * [http://www.teletubbies.co.uk Official UK website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828134651/http://www.teletubbies.co.uk/ |date=2008-08-28 }} * [http://www.teletubbies.com Official USA website] * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/cbeebies/teletubbies/ Official BBC/ CBeebies website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004150928/http://www.bbc.co.uk/cbeebies/teletubbies/ |date=2006-10-04 }} * {{amg movie|161778|Teletubbies}} * {{imdb title|0142055}} {{Former Nickelodeon original series}} {{Discovery Kids original programming}} {{Former PBS Kids original programming}} [[Category:1997 British television series debuts]] [[Category:1990s British children's television series]] [[Category:2000s British children's television series]] [[Category:2010s British children's television series]] [[Category:1990s British television series debuts]] [[Category:BBC Television programmes]] [[Category:British children's television series]] [[Category:CBBC shows]] [[Category:CBeebies]] [[Category:British English-language television programmes]] [[Category:PBS Kids shows]] [[Category:Teletubbies]] [[Category:TVOKids shows]] mpwytyc7q2vdkdqiauxeyk4uzx5zydt 10367565 10367561 2025-07-02T12:04:08Z 2600:8805:D600:51C0:D125:A7D9:7C1A:266F 10367565 wikitext text/x-wiki {{complex|2=complex words and compound sentences|date=December 2017}} {{Infobox television | image = File:The Teletubbies are still here 2011 (6592747791).jpg | caption = ''Teletubbies'' Carousel | creator = [[Anne Wood]]<br />[[Andrew Davenport]] | developer = [[Ragdoll Productions]] (Original Series)<br />[[Darrall Macqueen]] (Revived Series)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.c21media.net/nickelodeon-takes-teletubbies-reboot/|title=Nickelodeon takes Teletubbies reboot|publisher=C21 Media|date=6 November 2015|last=Franks|first=Nico|accessdate=27 May 2016}}</ref> | starring = '''Original series:'''<br />[[Dave Thompson (comedian)|Dave Thompson]]<br />[[Simon Shelton]]<br />[[John Simmit]]<br />[[Nikky Smedley]]<br />[[Pui Fan Lee]]<br />Mark Dean<br />[[Jessica Smith]]<br />[[Robin Stevens]]<br />Toyah Wilcox<br />'''Revived series:'''<br />[[Jeremiah Krage]]<br />[[Nick Kellington]]<br />Rebecca Hyland<br />[[Rachelle Beinart]]<br />Olly Taylor<br />Berry Smith<br />Victoria Jane<br /> Luisa Guerreiro | voices = '''Original series:'''<br />[[Toyah Willcox]]<br />[[Penelope Keith]]<br />[[John Simmit]]<br />Gary Stevenson<br />Alex Hogg<br />Alex Pascall<br />[[Rudolph Walker]]<br />[[Eric Sykes]]<br />Mark Heenehan<br />[[Sandra Dickinson]] (US)<br />[[John Schwab]] (US)<br />[[Toni Barry]] (US)<br />Dena Davis (US)<br />'''Revived series:'''<br />[[Jane Horrocks]]<br />[[Jim Broadbent]]<br />[[Fearne Cotton]]<br />[[Antonia Thomas]]<br />[[Teresa Gallagher]]<br />[[Rob Rackstraw]]<br />[[David Walliams]]<br />[[Rochelle Humes]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/mediapacks/teletubbies2|title=It's time for series two of Teletubbies!|accessdate=20 September 2017}}</ref> <br /> Ralph Reay | narrated = [[Tim Whitnall]] (songs only in the US)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-32201894|title=Teletubbies voices revealed for new series|publisher=[[BBC|British Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=7 April 2015|accessdate=27 May 2016}}</ref><br />Toyah Wilcox (titles and credits only)<br />[[Rolf Saxon]] (US)<br />[[Daniel Rigby]]<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2015-06-16/from-bt-adverts-and-teletubbies-to-undercover---the-screen-journey-of-daniel-rigby|title=From BT adverts and Teletubbies to Undercover – the screen journey of Daniel Rigby|magazine=[[Radio Times]]|date=16 June 2015|last=Fullerton|first=Huw|accessdate=27 May 2016|archive-date=27 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170127204747/http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2015-06-16/from-bt-adverts-and-teletubbies-to-undercover---the-screen-journey-of-daniel-rigby|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />[[Antonia Thomas]] (titles and credits only) | opentheme = "[[Teletubbies say "Eh-oh!"|Teletubbies say 'Eh-oh!']]" | composer = Andrew McCorrie-Shand (Original series)<br />Robert Hartley<br>[[BBC Philharmonic]]<br />[[Richie Webb]]<br />Matt Katz (Revival series) | country = United Kingdom | language = English | num_seasons = 5 (original series) <br />4 (revival series) | num_episodes = 365 (+1 special) (original series) <br />120 (revival series) | list_episodes = List of Teletubbies episodes | location = [[Wimpstone, Warwickshire|Wimpstone]], England (1997–2001)<ref name="ourwarwickshire-org">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ourwarwickshire.org.uk/content/article/geology-landscape-tellytubbyland|title=The Geology and Landscape of Teletubbyland}}</ref><br />Twickenham Studios, West London, England (2015–2018) | executive_producer = Anne Wood<br />David G. Hiller<br />Vic Finch (Original Series)<br />[[Maddy Darrall]]<br />[[Billy Macqueen]] (Revival Series) | runtime = 25 minutes (original series) <br />15 minutes (revival series) | company = '''Original series'''<br />[[Ragdoll Productions]]<br />[[BBC]]<br />'''Revival series'''<br />[[DHX Media]]<br />[[Darrall Macqueen]]<br />InGenious | network = Original series * [[BBC One]] (1997-2000) * [[PBS]] (1998-2008) * [[BBC Two]] (1999-2002) Revival Series * [[CBeebies]] (2015-2018) * [[Netflix]] (2022) | first_aired = '''Original series:'''<br />{{Start date|1997|3|31|df=y}} – <br />{{End date|2001|2|16|df=y}}<br /> '''Revival series:'''<br />{{Start date|2015|11|9|df=y}} | last_aired = {{End date|2018|10|12|df=y}} }} '''''The Teletubbies and Their Fellow Friends''''', also referred to as '''''Teletubbies and Their Fellow Friends''''', '''''The Teletubbies and Fellow Friends''''', '''''Teletubbies and Fellow Friends''''', '''''The Teletubbies and Friends''''', '''''Teletubbies and Friends''''','''''The Teletubbies''''' or '''''Teletubbies''''' for short, is a British [[television program|children's television series]] for [[preschool]] viewers that aired on [[CBeebies]]. It was a show made from 31 March 1997 to 16 February 2001. The pilot was made in 1997 It was developed by [[Ragdoll Productions]] and created by director [[Anne Wood]] [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] and Andrew Davenport who wrote all 365 episodes of the original series and all 120 episodes of the revival series, this time with Darrall Macqueen developing the show. The show had two narrators; [[Tim Whitnall]] (for the international versions) and Rolf Saxon (for the [[PBS Kids]] version). ''Teletubbies'' was also shown on television in the United States on the [[Public Brodcasting Service|Public Broadcasting Service]] (PBS). [[Public broadcasting|Public television]] used the show on their television network until 29 August 2008, when it was removed from the television schedule and returned on PBS Kids Pluto TV on May 1, 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.commercialexploitation.org/articles/featured/troubleteletubbies.htm |title=The Trouble With Teletubbies |publisher=Commercialexploitation.org |accessdate=10 July 2010 |archive-date=13 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613102851/http://commercialexploitation.org/articles/featured/troubleteletubbies.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> The show made new episodes until 16 February 2001. Years later, a new series aired in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/news/multi-platform/news/cbbc-wants-first-tenders/1177573.article |title=CBBC wants first tenders &#124; News &#124; Broadcast |publisher=Broadcast now.co.uk |date=29 June 2001 |accessdate=10 July 2010}}</ref> == Plot == The show takes place in a grassy, floral [[planet]] referred to as Teletubbyland populated by rabbits and bees with calls of birds heard in the background. The Teletubbytrons, or the Teletubbies for short, are a family of four colourful magitechnological [[Teddy bear|teddy-bear]]-[[Bear|cub]]-like toy [[Telerobot|telerobotic]] [[lamp]] creatures who act like children. They have TV screens in their stomachs and antennas on their heads. They live in Teletubbyland with many automated objects (with [[lemur]]-like characteristics) such as the Noo-Noo, a blue/orange, pink and golden [[vacuum cleaner]], and the Voice Trumpets, a group of [[Megaphone|voice trumpet]]s shaped like [[Shower|shower head]]s. The Teletubbies reside in a hillhouse known as the 123 Home Dome Drive Tubbytronic Home Superdome Hill. Located in the ground, it has three entrances, which are a hole at the top and four large half-semicircular doors at the dome's front and back feet. In every episode, the Teletubbies do similar activities, like playing with the Voice Trumpets or the mishaps caused by the Noo-Noo. That also includes the footage of live children displayed on the screens in the Teletubbies' stomachs and a magical event that happens once per episode. The activities are different from each episode but still very similar. == Characters == === The Teletubbies === ==== Tinky Winky ==== Tinky Winky "Tinkus Winkus" Teletubby (played by Dave Thompson, Mark Heenehan, and [[Simon Shelton]] in the original series and by Jeremiah Krage in the revived series) is the first Teletubby. He is the largest Teletubby, he is [[purple]], and has a [[triangle|triangular]] [[antenna]] on his head. He is notable for the [[red]] magic bag he always carries. He is also found dancing in a ballet-style skirt from time to time, which is also often worn by Laa-Laa. ==== Dipsy==== Dipsy Teletubby (played by John Simmit in the original series and Nick Kellington in the revived series) is the second Teletubby. He is [[lime (color)|lime green]] and is called "Dipsy" because his straight antenna looks like a [[dipstick]]{{cn|date=July 2017}}. He has a [[black]] and [[white]] furry top hat that he likes a lot. Dipsy is the most stubborn of the Teletubbies, and will sometimes refuse to go along with the other Teletubbies' opinions. His face and ears are notably dark. ==== Laa-Laa==== Laa-Laa "Laa" Teletubby (played by Nikky Smedley in the original series and Rebecca Hyland in the revived series) is the third Teletubby. She is [[yellow]], has a swirly antenna and is concerned with the welfare of all. She is the best singer of all the Teletubbies and is a drama queen, party girl and [[mother]]ly type. Her favourite thing is a bouncy, [[Orange (color)|orange]] ball, which is almost as big as she is. She likes to sing and dance. Laa-Laa is one of the two girls in the Teletubbies show. ==== Po ==== Po-Po "Po" Teletubby (played by Pui Fan Lee in the original series and Rachelle Beinart in the revived series) is the [[red]] Teletubby. She is the fourth of the Teletubbies and has an antenna that is round. Po is the smallest of the Teletubbies and gets into trouble the most. She also says the word "Eh-oh" ([[hello]]), a word used by herself and the other three Teletubbies. Po's favourite object is her [[blue]] and [[pink]] [[scooter]], which she calls "cootuh" (but also "'cooter" or "scootuh"). Po often wants attention and can sometimes be mischievous and naughty when she disobeys the commands of the Voice Trumpets. Po can speak two [[language]]s. Those languages are [[English language|English]] (or the broadcasting country's language) and, for counting and singing, [[Cantonese language|Cantonese]]. For example, she says "Yatt, yit, sam.", which means "One, two, three." She is a problem solver and the best spider-fighter. Po is also a [[Tomboy]] type. In the Teletubbies' house, she sleeps at the side of all the other Teletubbies and sometimes eats Tubby [[Toast]] while the others are sleeping. She is voiced by Pui Fan Lee, who can speak Cantonese as well. Although many are unsure of Po's [[gender]] or think she is [[male]], probably because of her [[scarlet]]/red colour and [[tomboy]]ish behaviour, she is explicitly female in several episodes, such as "Dad's Portrait" (Episode 216, first broadcast 1998) and "Numbers: 2" (Episode 30). ==== Character Names ==== The antenna shapes of each Teletubby provide clues as to the character's names: * '''T'''riangle: Tinky Winky * '''D'''tick: Dipsy * '''L'''oop: Laa-Laa * '''P'''late: Po ==== Skin Colour ==== * Tinky Winky: {{Purple|Purple}} * Dipsy: {{Green|Green}} * Laa-Laa: {{Yellow|Yellow}} * Po: {{Red|Red}} === Other Characters === ====Noo-Noo==== The Noo-Noo "Noo", Tubbynoo-Noo "Tubbynoo" (played by Mark Dean) is the Teletubbies' sentient [[blue]] pet [[Teddy elephant|teddy-elephant]]-[[Elephant|calf]]-like toy projection telerobotic [[vacuum cleaner]] creature who turns [[Orange (color)|orange]], [[Gold (color)|gold]] and [[pink]]. He cleans up after the Teletubbies ("Noo-Noo tidy up!"). It has been shown that the Noo-Noo has an extraordinarily large storage capacity. He also can to vomit out any content, often things that he should not have consumed in the first place such as the Teletubbies' blankets, foods or favourite things. Then, he is called Naughty Noo-Noo. The Noo-Noo does not share the Teletubbies' enthusiasm for big hugs, resulting in [[Benny Hill]]-style chase scenes around the dome when the Tubbies try to express their thankfulness, during which the Noo-Noo does an impression of a [[Formula 1]] car engine in full flight. The Teletubbies always win and give the Noo-Noo a big hug. ==== Supporting Characters ==== Although non-sentient, the other machines of the Tubbytronic Superdome also play a major role in many episodes. * The Tubby Voice Trumpets are a group of voice trumpets resembling shower heads. They are also guardians of the Teletubbies. They live outside in the fields. They sometimes come out of the ground to talk to the Teletubbies. They can play games with the Teletubbies, usually games such as hide and seek. * The Giggly Baby Sun (played and voiced by Jess Smith in the original series and by Berry (surname unknown) in the revived series) is a young sun that appears at the beginning and the end of each episode. Her job is to wake up the Teletubbies. * The Tubby Toaster is very unreliable, and often either leaves a Tubby without their toast or buries them under heaps of toast. * The dome's central console has a battery of knobs and levers with which a Teletubby often chooses to amuse themselves ("Adjustments!"), although the outcome is normally limited to a variety of loud and surprising noises being generated. * The Tubby Phone is next to the Tubby Sponge Cases, which contain the Tubby Sponges ("Wash, wash, wash. Wash, wash, wash. Tubby, Tubby, Tubby, Tubby. Wash wash wash"). * Outside, the Magic Tubby Windmill not only generate energy to power the Superdome, but it also gives the signal to the Teletubbies that it is time for Tummy Tales, which is a segment about them watching the Earth's children on either one of their television screens, Magic Events (only in the original series), the Lion and the Bear (also only in the original series) or Tubby Bye-Bye. The show also features the Little Lambs, the Dog, the Butterfly, the Pink Spider, the Magic Crown, the Socks, the Vest, the Pants, the Blue Mittens and the Pink Boots and occasionally, the Trees, the Clouds, the Rabbits and the Bees. The Birds are planned to be in the TV series but only heard off-screen. ==== Physical Cast ==== The only physical cast members are John Schwab and Sandra Dickson, who play the Voice Trumpets, Penelope Keith, who plays the Brown, Fuzzy Bear with Brown, Fuzzy Hair, [[Eric Sykes]], who plays the Big, Scary Lion with Big, Scary Teeth and Jess Smith who plays the Baby Sun, who is believed to have been around seven months old at the time of filming.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.everyhit.com/record3.html | title = Singles : Artists : Age | accessdate = 2008-09-30 | work = Record Breakers and Trivia | publisher = EveryHit.com | quote = Jess Smith played the part of the 'Baby Sun' in the Teletubbies TV programme. Her giggle was used on The Teletubbies 1997 chart-topper "Teletubbies Say Eh-Oh!" Though not credited for this 'performance,' she is the youngest person to have appeared on a no.1 single. We are currently trying to ascertain her precise age at the time of recording; it is certainly less than 1 year old and thought to be around the 7-month mark.}}</ref> Her giggle was included in the single ''Teletubbies Say Eh-Oh!'' Although not credited, this makes her technically the youngest person ever whose vocals appeared on a number-one song.{{cn}} ==Series overview== {{main|List of Teletubbies episodes}} ===Original series=== {|class="wikitable ! Series !! Episodes !! First episode !! Final episode |- | 1 || 118 || 31 March 1997 || 31 December 1997 |- | 2 || 126 || 1 January 1998 || 31 December 1998 |- | 3 || 56 || 1 January 1999 || 17 December 1999 |- | 4 || 30 || 31 July 2000 || 22 December 2000 |- | 5 || 35 || 1 January 2001 || 16 February 2001 |- |} ===Revival series=== {|class="wikitable ! Series !! Episodes !! First episode !! Final episode |- | 1 || 15 || 9 November 2015 || 27 November 2015 |- | 2 || 45 || 18 January 2016 || 4 November 2016 |- | 3 || 40 || 14 March 2017 || 20 October 2017 |- | 4 || 20 || 4 June 2018 || 12 October 2018 |- |} == The Teletubbies' instruments == Each of the Teletubbies plays a single instrument. * Tinky Winky: [[guitar]] and [[tuba]] * Dipsy: [[drum]] and [[marimba]] * Laa-Laa: [[harp]] and [[saxophone]] * Po: [[piano]] == Controversy == === Tinky Winky === Tinky Winky started a still talked-about [[controversy]] in 1999 due to his carrying a bag that looks like a woman's handbag. He was first called [[Homosexuality|gay]] by the academic and [[culture|cultural]] critic Andy Medhurst in a letter of July 1997 to ''The Face'', and gained the interest of [[Jerry Falwell]] in 1997 when Fallwell said that the character was a "gay role model." Falwell wrote about it in his ''National Liberty Journal''. He said that in the Washington Post "In/Out" column someone had written that [[lesbian]] [[comedian]] [[Ellen DeGeneres]] was "out" or [[Openly gay|uncloseted]], as the main gay model, while the Tinky Winky was "in" or [[closeted]]. Falwell said it was because of the Teletubby's purple colour, the "purse" (British for Handbag) and the triangle antenna which all represented [[homosexuality]]. Also, Tinky Winky dances in a tutu, which supporters of the theory may take as evidence. This caused many [[Christians]] to [[boycott]] Teletubbies because it made them think that Teletubbies support homosexuality. A February 1999 article in the ''National Liberty Journal'', published by evangelical pastor [[Jerry Falwell]], warned parents that Tinky Winky could be a hidden [[Homosexuality|homosexual]] symbol, because "he is purple, the [[gay]] [[pride]] colour, and his antenna is shaped like a triangle, the gay pride symbol".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/11/us/national-news-briefs-falwell-sees-gay-in-a-teletubby.html|title=National News Briefs; Falwell Sees 'Gay' In a Teletubby|first=Agence|last=France-Presse|newspaper=The New York Times |date=11 February 1999|publisher=}}</ref> A spokesman for The itsy bitsy Entertainment Company, which licenses the characters in the [[United States]], said that it was just a [[magic]] bag." The fact that he carries a magic bag doesn't make him a homosexual. It's a children's show, folks. To think we would be putting sexual innuendo in a children's show is kind of outlandish", he added. In an unrelated incident reported in 2000, a girl's Tinky Winky toy reportedly said "I got a gun". Kenn Viselman, then chairman of The itsy bitsy Entertainment Company, said the toy was saying "Again, again!", a catchphrase from the show.<ref name="tinky gun">{{cite news | author= Dotinga, Randy | date= April 12, 2000 | title= Lawsuit to Target Teletubbies for Gun Talk | publisher= APBNews | url= http://www.apbnews.com/newscenter/breakingnews/2000/04/12/teletubbies0412_01.html | access-date= July 30, 2022 | archive-date= May 10, 2000 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20000510155551/http://www.apbnews.com/newscenter/breakingnews/2000/04/12/teletubbies0412_01.html | url-status= bot: unknown }}</ref> === Po === A girl's talking Po doll was thought to be saying "faggot, faggot" as well as "fatty, fatty". Supporters of the interpretation of Tinky Winky as a gay pride symbol might take this as evidence as well. The toy was recalled and it was revealed to have said "fi-dit, fi-dit", which was inspired by Cantonese for "faster, faster".<ref>http://crossroad.to/Q&A/Toys-Games/teletubbies.htm Teletubbies Q&A's</ref> ===The Lion and The Bear=== In the episode, "See-Saw" from (season 1) The Lion and The Bear came to Teletubbyland. The Lion is voiced by [[Eric Sykes]] and The Bear is voiced by Penelope Keith. In the original, many kids thought The Lion and The Bear were very scary and [[parents]] reported to the [[BBC]] that The Lion and The Bear were too scary. In the next season, they will do The Lion and The Bear again but this time with more careful Music and happier voices. == Sponsors == In the [[United States of America]], the show is [[sponsor]]ed for broadcast on television; this is a list of the companies who have sponsored the show. * Nickelodeon Home Entertainment (1998-2008) ==Related pages== * Teletubbies Everywhere * The Tiddlytubbies * [[Boohbah]] * [[Tweenies]] * [[Teddybears (TV series)]] * [[In the Night Garden...]] * [[Get Squiggling]] * [[List of Teletubbies episodes]] * List of Teletubbies Sunday and Weekened Specials == References == {{reflist|2}} == Other websites == {{Wikiquote}} {{Commonscat}} * [http://www.teletubbies.co.uk Official UK website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828134651/http://www.teletubbies.co.uk/ |date=2008-08-28 }} * [http://www.teletubbies.com Official USA website] * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/cbeebies/teletubbies/ Official BBC/ CBeebies website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004150928/http://www.bbc.co.uk/cbeebies/teletubbies/ |date=2006-10-04 }} * {{amg movie|161778|Teletubbies}} * {{imdb title|0142055}} {{Former Nickelodeon original series}} {{Discovery Kids original programming}} {{Former PBS Kids original programming}} [[Category:1997 British television series debuts]] [[Category:1990s British children's television series]] [[Category:2000s British children's television series]] [[Category:2010s British children's television series]] [[Category:1990s British television series debuts]] [[Category:BBC Television programmes]] [[Category:British children's television series]] [[Category:CBBC shows]] [[Category:CBeebies]] [[Category:British English-language television programmes]] [[Category:PBS Kids shows]] [[Category:Teletubbies]] [[Category:TVOKids shows]] 6vyrjb0ou0zbrw3jzk0ktd8xloc16ld 10367567 10367565 2025-07-02T12:05:23Z 2600:8805:D600:51C0:D125:A7D9:7C1A:266F 10367567 wikitext text/x-wiki {{complex|2=complex words and compound sentences|date=December 2017}} {{Infobox television | image = File:The Teletubbies are still here 2011 (6592747791).jpg | caption = ''Teletubbies'' Carousel | creator = [[Anne Wood]]<br />[[Andrew Davenport]] | developer = [[Ragdoll Productions]] (Original Series)<br />[[Darrall Macqueen]] (Revived Series)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.c21media.net/nickelodeon-takes-teletubbies-reboot/|title=Nickelodeon takes Teletubbies reboot|publisher=C21 Media|date=6 November 2015|last=Franks|first=Nico|accessdate=27 May 2016}}</ref> | starring = '''Original series:'''<br />[[Dave Thompson (comedian)|Dave Thompson]]<br />[[Simon Shelton]]<br />[[John Simmit]]<br />[[Nikky Smedley]]<br />[[Pui Fan Lee]]<br />Mark Dean<br />[[Jessica Smith]]<br />[[Robin Stevens]]<br />Toyah Wilcox<br />'''Revived series:'''<br />[[Jeremiah Krage]]<br />[[Nick Kellington]]<br />Rebecca Hyland<br />[[Rachelle Beinart]]<br />Olly Taylor<br />Berry Smith<br />Victoria Jane<br /> Luisa Guerreiro | voices = '''Original series:'''<br />[[Toyah Willcox]]<br />[[Penelope Keith]]<br />[[John Simmit]]<br />Gary Stevenson<br />Alex Hogg<br />Alex Pascall<br />[[Rudolph Walker]]<br />[[Eric Sykes]]<br />Mark Heenehan<br />[[Sandra Dickinson]] (US)<br />[[John Schwab]] (US)<br />[[Toni Barry]] (US)<br />Dena Davis (US)<br />'''Revived series:'''<br />[[Jane Horrocks]]<br />[[Jim Broadbent]]<br />[[Fearne Cotton]]<br />[[Antonia Thomas]]<br />[[Teresa Gallagher]]<br />[[Rob Rackstraw]]<br />[[David Walliams]]<br />[[Rochelle Humes]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/mediapacks/teletubbies2|title=It's time for series two of Teletubbies!|accessdate=20 September 2017}}</ref> <br /> Ralph Reay | narrated = [[Tim Whitnall]] (songs only in the US)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-32201894|title=Teletubbies voices revealed for new series|publisher=[[BBC|British Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=7 April 2015|accessdate=27 May 2016}}</ref><br />Toyah Wilcox (titles and credits only)<br />[[Rolf Saxon]] (US)<br />[[Daniel Rigby]]<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2015-06-16/from-bt-adverts-and-teletubbies-to-undercover---the-screen-journey-of-daniel-rigby|title=From BT adverts and Teletubbies to Undercover – the screen journey of Daniel Rigby|magazine=[[Radio Times]]|date=16 June 2015|last=Fullerton|first=Huw|accessdate=27 May 2016|archive-date=27 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170127204747/http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2015-06-16/from-bt-adverts-and-teletubbies-to-undercover---the-screen-journey-of-daniel-rigby|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />[[Antonia Thomas]] (titles and credits only) | opentheme = "[[Teletubbies say "Eh-oh!"|Teletubbies say 'Eh-oh!']]" | composer = Andrew McCorrie-Shand (Original series)<br />Robert Hartley<br>[[BBC Philharmonic]]<br />[[Richie Webb]]<br />Matt Katz (Revival series) | country = United Kingdom | language = English | num_seasons = 5 (original series) <br />4 (revival series) | num_episodes = 365 (+1 special) (original series) <br />120 (revival series) | list_episodes = List of Teletubbies episodes | location = [[Wimpstone, Warwickshire|Wimpstone]], England (1997–2001)<ref name="ourwarwickshire-org">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ourwarwickshire.org.uk/content/article/geology-landscape-tellytubbyland|title=The Geology and Landscape of Teletubbyland}}</ref><br />Twickenham Studios, West London, England (2015–2018) | executive_producer = Anne Wood<br />David G. Hiller<br />Vic Finch (Original Series)<br />[[Maddy Darrall]]<br />[[Billy Macqueen]] (Revival Series) | runtime = 25 minutes (original series) <br />15 minutes (revival series) | company = '''Original series'''<br />[[Ragdoll Productions]]<br />[[BBC]]<br />'''Revival series'''<br />[[DHX Media]]<br />[[Darrall Macqueen]]<br />InGenious | network = Original series * [[BBC One]] (1997-2000) * [[PBS]] (1998-2008) * [[BBC Two]] (1999-2002) Revival Series * [[CBeebies]] (2015-2018) * [[Netflix]] (2022) | first_aired = '''Original series:'''<br />{{Start date|1997|3|31|df=y}} – <br />{{End date|2001|2|16|df=y}}<br /> '''Revival series:'''<br />{{Start date|2015|11|9|df=y}} | last_aired = {{End date|2018|10|12|df=y}} }} '''''The Teletubbies and Their Fellow Friends''''', also referred to as '''''Teletubbies and Their Fellow Friends''''', '''''The Teletubbies and Their Friends''''', '''''Teletubbies and Their Friends''''', '''''The Teletubbies and Fellow Friends''''', '''''Teletubbies and Fellow Friends''''', '''''The Teletubbies and Friends''''', '''''Teletubbies and Friends''''','''''The Teletubbies''''' or '''''Teletubbies''''' for short, is a British [[television program|children's television series]] for [[preschool]] viewers that aired on [[CBeebies]]. It was a show made from 31 March 1997 to 16 February 2001. The pilot was made in 1997 It was developed by [[Ragdoll Productions]] and created by director [[Anne Wood]] [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] and Andrew Davenport who wrote all 365 episodes of the original series and all 120 episodes of the revival series, this time with Darrall Macqueen developing the show. The show had two narrators; [[Tim Whitnall]] (for the international versions) and Rolf Saxon (for the [[PBS Kids]] version). ''Teletubbies'' was also shown on television in the United States on the [[Public Brodcasting Service|Public Broadcasting Service]] (PBS). [[Public broadcasting|Public television]] used the show on their television network until 29 August 2008, when it was removed from the television schedule and returned on PBS Kids Pluto TV on May 1, 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.commercialexploitation.org/articles/featured/troubleteletubbies.htm |title=The Trouble With Teletubbies |publisher=Commercialexploitation.org |accessdate=10 July 2010 |archive-date=13 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613102851/http://commercialexploitation.org/articles/featured/troubleteletubbies.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> The show made new episodes until 16 February 2001. Years later, a new series aired in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/news/multi-platform/news/cbbc-wants-first-tenders/1177573.article |title=CBBC wants first tenders &#124; News &#124; Broadcast |publisher=Broadcast now.co.uk |date=29 June 2001 |accessdate=10 July 2010}}</ref> == Plot == The show takes place in a grassy, floral [[planet]] referred to as Teletubbyland populated by rabbits and bees with calls of birds heard in the background. The Teletubbytrons, or the Teletubbies for short, are a family of four colourful magitechnological [[Teddy bear|teddy-bear]]-[[Bear|cub]]-like toy [[Telerobot|telerobotic]] [[lamp]] creatures who act like children. They have TV screens in their stomachs and antennas on their heads. They live in Teletubbyland with many automated objects (with [[lemur]]-like characteristics) such as the Noo-Noo, a blue/orange, pink and golden [[vacuum cleaner]], and the Voice Trumpets, a group of [[Megaphone|voice trumpet]]s shaped like [[Shower|shower head]]s. The Teletubbies reside in a hillhouse known as the 123 Home Dome Drive Tubbytronic Home Superdome Hill. Located in the ground, it has three entrances, which are a hole at the top and four large half-semicircular doors at the dome's front and back feet. In every episode, the Teletubbies do similar activities, like playing with the Voice Trumpets or the mishaps caused by the Noo-Noo. That also includes the footage of live children displayed on the screens in the Teletubbies' stomachs and a magical event that happens once per episode. The activities are different from each episode but still very similar. == Characters == === The Teletubbies === ==== Tinky Winky ==== Tinky Winky "Tinkus Winkus" Teletubby (played by Dave Thompson, Mark Heenehan, and [[Simon Shelton]] in the original series and by Jeremiah Krage in the revived series) is the first Teletubby. He is the largest Teletubby, he is [[purple]], and has a [[triangle|triangular]] [[antenna]] on his head. He is notable for the [[red]] magic bag he always carries. He is also found dancing in a ballet-style skirt from time to time, which is also often worn by Laa-Laa. ==== Dipsy==== Dipsy Teletubby (played by John Simmit in the original series and Nick Kellington in the revived series) is the second Teletubby. He is [[lime (color)|lime green]] and is called "Dipsy" because his straight antenna looks like a [[dipstick]]{{cn|date=July 2017}}. He has a [[black]] and [[white]] furry top hat that he likes a lot. Dipsy is the most stubborn of the Teletubbies, and will sometimes refuse to go along with the other Teletubbies' opinions. His face and ears are notably dark. ==== Laa-Laa==== Laa-Laa "Laa" Teletubby (played by Nikky Smedley in the original series and Rebecca Hyland in the revived series) is the third Teletubby. She is [[yellow]], has a swirly antenna and is concerned with the welfare of all. She is the best singer of all the Teletubbies and is a drama queen, party girl and [[mother]]ly type. Her favourite thing is a bouncy, [[Orange (color)|orange]] ball, which is almost as big as she is. She likes to sing and dance. Laa-Laa is one of the two girls in the Teletubbies show. ==== Po ==== Po-Po "Po" Teletubby (played by Pui Fan Lee in the original series and Rachelle Beinart in the revived series) is the [[red]] Teletubby. She is the fourth of the Teletubbies and has an antenna that is round. Po is the smallest of the Teletubbies and gets into trouble the most. She also says the word "Eh-oh" ([[hello]]), a word used by herself and the other three Teletubbies. Po's favourite object is her [[blue]] and [[pink]] [[scooter]], which she calls "cootuh" (but also "'cooter" or "scootuh"). Po often wants attention and can sometimes be mischievous and naughty when she disobeys the commands of the Voice Trumpets. Po can speak two [[language]]s. Those languages are [[English language|English]] (or the broadcasting country's language) and, for counting and singing, [[Cantonese language|Cantonese]]. For example, she says "Yatt, yit, sam.", which means "One, two, three." She is a problem solver and the best spider-fighter. Po is also a [[Tomboy]] type. In the Teletubbies' house, she sleeps at the side of all the other Teletubbies and sometimes eats Tubby [[Toast]] while the others are sleeping. She is voiced by Pui Fan Lee, who can speak Cantonese as well. Although many are unsure of Po's [[gender]] or think she is [[male]], probably because of her [[scarlet]]/red colour and [[tomboy]]ish behaviour, she is explicitly female in several episodes, such as "Dad's Portrait" (Episode 216, first broadcast 1998) and "Numbers: 2" (Episode 30). ==== Character Names ==== The antenna shapes of each Teletubby provide clues as to the character's names: * '''T'''riangle: Tinky Winky * '''D'''tick: Dipsy * '''L'''oop: Laa-Laa * '''P'''late: Po ==== Skin Colour ==== * Tinky Winky: {{Purple|Purple}} * Dipsy: {{Green|Green}} * Laa-Laa: {{Yellow|Yellow}} * Po: {{Red|Red}} === Other Characters === ====Noo-Noo==== The Noo-Noo "Noo", Tubbynoo-Noo "Tubbynoo" (played by Mark Dean) is the Teletubbies' sentient [[blue]] pet [[Teddy elephant|teddy-elephant]]-[[Elephant|calf]]-like toy projection telerobotic [[vacuum cleaner]] creature who turns [[Orange (color)|orange]], [[Gold (color)|gold]] and [[pink]]. He cleans up after the Teletubbies ("Noo-Noo tidy up!"). It has been shown that the Noo-Noo has an extraordinarily large storage capacity. He also can to vomit out any content, often things that he should not have consumed in the first place such as the Teletubbies' blankets, foods or favourite things. Then, he is called Naughty Noo-Noo. The Noo-Noo does not share the Teletubbies' enthusiasm for big hugs, resulting in [[Benny Hill]]-style chase scenes around the dome when the Tubbies try to express their thankfulness, during which the Noo-Noo does an impression of a [[Formula 1]] car engine in full flight. The Teletubbies always win and give the Noo-Noo a big hug. ==== Supporting Characters ==== Although non-sentient, the other machines of the Tubbytronic Superdome also play a major role in many episodes. * The Tubby Voice Trumpets are a group of voice trumpets resembling shower heads. They are also guardians of the Teletubbies. They live outside in the fields. They sometimes come out of the ground to talk to the Teletubbies. They can play games with the Teletubbies, usually games such as hide and seek. * The Giggly Baby Sun (played and voiced by Jess Smith in the original series and by Berry (surname unknown) in the revived series) is a young sun that appears at the beginning and the end of each episode. Her job is to wake up the Teletubbies. * The Tubby Toaster is very unreliable, and often either leaves a Tubby without their toast or buries them under heaps of toast. * The dome's central console has a battery of knobs and levers with which a Teletubby often chooses to amuse themselves ("Adjustments!"), although the outcome is normally limited to a variety of loud and surprising noises being generated. * The Tubby Phone is next to the Tubby Sponge Cases, which contain the Tubby Sponges ("Wash, wash, wash. Wash, wash, wash. Tubby, Tubby, Tubby, Tubby. Wash wash wash"). * Outside, the Magic Tubby Windmill not only generate energy to power the Superdome, but it also gives the signal to the Teletubbies that it is time for Tummy Tales, which is a segment about them watching the Earth's children on either one of their television screens, Magic Events (only in the original series), the Lion and the Bear (also only in the original series) or Tubby Bye-Bye. The show also features the Little Lambs, the Dog, the Butterfly, the Pink Spider, the Magic Crown, the Socks, the Vest, the Pants, the Blue Mittens and the Pink Boots and occasionally, the Trees, the Clouds, the Rabbits and the Bees. The Birds are planned to be in the TV series but only heard off-screen. ==== Physical Cast ==== The only physical cast members are John Schwab and Sandra Dickson, who play the Voice Trumpets, Penelope Keith, who plays the Brown, Fuzzy Bear with Brown, Fuzzy Hair, [[Eric Sykes]], who plays the Big, Scary Lion with Big, Scary Teeth and Jess Smith who plays the Baby Sun, who is believed to have been around seven months old at the time of filming.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.everyhit.com/record3.html | title = Singles : Artists : Age | accessdate = 2008-09-30 | work = Record Breakers and Trivia | publisher = EveryHit.com | quote = Jess Smith played the part of the 'Baby Sun' in the Teletubbies TV programme. Her giggle was used on The Teletubbies 1997 chart-topper "Teletubbies Say Eh-Oh!" Though not credited for this 'performance,' she is the youngest person to have appeared on a no.1 single. We are currently trying to ascertain her precise age at the time of recording; it is certainly less than 1 year old and thought to be around the 7-month mark.}}</ref> Her giggle was included in the single ''Teletubbies Say Eh-Oh!'' Although not credited, this makes her technically the youngest person ever whose vocals appeared on a number-one song.{{cn}} ==Series overview== {{main|List of Teletubbies episodes}} ===Original series=== {|class="wikitable ! Series !! Episodes !! First episode !! Final episode |- | 1 || 118 || 31 March 1997 || 31 December 1997 |- | 2 || 126 || 1 January 1998 || 31 December 1998 |- | 3 || 56 || 1 January 1999 || 17 December 1999 |- | 4 || 30 || 31 July 2000 || 22 December 2000 |- | 5 || 35 || 1 January 2001 || 16 February 2001 |- |} ===Revival series=== {|class="wikitable ! Series !! Episodes !! First episode !! Final episode |- | 1 || 15 || 9 November 2015 || 27 November 2015 |- | 2 || 45 || 18 January 2016 || 4 November 2016 |- | 3 || 40 || 14 March 2017 || 20 October 2017 |- | 4 || 20 || 4 June 2018 || 12 October 2018 |- |} == The Teletubbies' instruments == Each of the Teletubbies plays a single instrument. * Tinky Winky: [[guitar]] and [[tuba]] * Dipsy: [[drum]] and [[marimba]] * Laa-Laa: [[harp]] and [[saxophone]] * Po: [[piano]] == Controversy == === Tinky Winky === Tinky Winky started a still talked-about [[controversy]] in 1999 due to his carrying a bag that looks like a woman's handbag. He was first called [[Homosexuality|gay]] by the academic and [[culture|cultural]] critic Andy Medhurst in a letter of July 1997 to ''The Face'', and gained the interest of [[Jerry Falwell]] in 1997 when Fallwell said that the character was a "gay role model." Falwell wrote about it in his ''National Liberty Journal''. He said that in the Washington Post "In/Out" column someone had written that [[lesbian]] [[comedian]] [[Ellen DeGeneres]] was "out" or [[Openly gay|uncloseted]], as the main gay model, while the Tinky Winky was "in" or [[closeted]]. Falwell said it was because of the Teletubby's purple colour, the "purse" (British for Handbag) and the triangle antenna which all represented [[homosexuality]]. Also, Tinky Winky dances in a tutu, which supporters of the theory may take as evidence. This caused many [[Christians]] to [[boycott]] Teletubbies because it made them think that Teletubbies support homosexuality. A February 1999 article in the ''National Liberty Journal'', published by evangelical pastor [[Jerry Falwell]], warned parents that Tinky Winky could be a hidden [[Homosexuality|homosexual]] symbol, because "he is purple, the [[gay]] [[pride]] colour, and his antenna is shaped like a triangle, the gay pride symbol".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/11/us/national-news-briefs-falwell-sees-gay-in-a-teletubby.html|title=National News Briefs; Falwell Sees 'Gay' In a Teletubby|first=Agence|last=France-Presse|newspaper=The New York Times |date=11 February 1999|publisher=}}</ref> A spokesman for The itsy bitsy Entertainment Company, which licenses the characters in the [[United States]], said that it was just a [[magic]] bag." The fact that he carries a magic bag doesn't make him a homosexual. It's a children's show, folks. To think we would be putting sexual innuendo in a children's show is kind of outlandish", he added. In an unrelated incident reported in 2000, a girl's Tinky Winky toy reportedly said "I got a gun". Kenn Viselman, then chairman of The itsy bitsy Entertainment Company, said the toy was saying "Again, again!", a catchphrase from the show.<ref name="tinky gun">{{cite news | author= Dotinga, Randy | date= April 12, 2000 | title= Lawsuit to Target Teletubbies for Gun Talk | publisher= APBNews | url= http://www.apbnews.com/newscenter/breakingnews/2000/04/12/teletubbies0412_01.html | access-date= July 30, 2022 | archive-date= May 10, 2000 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20000510155551/http://www.apbnews.com/newscenter/breakingnews/2000/04/12/teletubbies0412_01.html | url-status= bot: unknown }}</ref> === Po === A girl's talking Po doll was thought to be saying "faggot, faggot" as well as "fatty, fatty". Supporters of the interpretation of Tinky Winky as a gay pride symbol might take this as evidence as well. The toy was recalled and it was revealed to have said "fi-dit, fi-dit", which was inspired by Cantonese for "faster, faster".<ref>http://crossroad.to/Q&A/Toys-Games/teletubbies.htm Teletubbies Q&A's</ref> ===The Lion and The Bear=== In the episode, "See-Saw" from (season 1) The Lion and The Bear came to Teletubbyland. The Lion is voiced by [[Eric Sykes]] and The Bear is voiced by Penelope Keith. In the original, many kids thought The Lion and The Bear were very scary and [[parents]] reported to the [[BBC]] that The Lion and The Bear were too scary. In the next season, they will do The Lion and The Bear again but this time with more careful Music and happier voices. == Sponsors == In the [[United States of America]], the show is [[sponsor]]ed for broadcast on television; this is a list of the companies who have sponsored the show. * Nickelodeon Home Entertainment (1998-2008) ==Related pages== * Teletubbies Everywhere * The Tiddlytubbies * [[Boohbah]] * [[Tweenies]] * [[Teddybears (TV series)]] * [[In the Night Garden...]] * [[Get Squiggling]] * [[List of Teletubbies episodes]] * List of Teletubbies Sunday and Weekened Specials == References == {{reflist|2}} == Other websites == {{Wikiquote}} {{Commonscat}} * [http://www.teletubbies.co.uk Official UK website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828134651/http://www.teletubbies.co.uk/ |date=2008-08-28 }} * [http://www.teletubbies.com Official USA website] * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/cbeebies/teletubbies/ Official BBC/ CBeebies website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004150928/http://www.bbc.co.uk/cbeebies/teletubbies/ |date=2006-10-04 }} * {{amg movie|161778|Teletubbies}} * {{imdb title|0142055}} {{Former Nickelodeon original series}} {{Discovery Kids original programming}} {{Former PBS Kids original programming}} [[Category:1997 British television series debuts]] [[Category:1990s British children's television series]] [[Category:2000s British children's television series]] [[Category:2010s British children's television series]] [[Category:1990s British television series debuts]] [[Category:BBC Television programmes]] [[Category:British children's television series]] [[Category:CBBC shows]] [[Category:CBeebies]] [[Category:British English-language television programmes]] [[Category:PBS Kids shows]] [[Category:Teletubbies]] [[Category:TVOKids shows]] 66ycr2259qmpl5sfov6mphk6a7d2ns1 0 51789 10368879 10349924 2025-07-03T03:42:19Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Dr. Rajkumar | image = Rajkumar 2009 stamp of India.jpg | caption = A 2009 stamp of India showing Dr. Rajkumar | birth_name = Singanalluru Puttaswamaiah Muthuraj | birth_date = {{Birth date|1929|4|24|df=y}} | birth_place = Doddagajanur, India | death_date = {{Death date and age|2006|4|12|1929|4|24|df=y}} | death_place = Bangalore, Karnataka, India | occupation = Actor, singer | years_active = 1954–2000 | spouse = {{Marriage|Parvathamma Rajkumar|1953}} | children = 5 (including Shiva Rajkumar, Raghavendra Rajkumar, Puneeth Rajkumar) | honors = Padma Bhushan (1983), Karnataka Ratna (1992), Dadasaheb Phalke Award (1995) }} '''Dr. Rajkumar''' (Real Name: '''Singanalluru Puttaswamayya Muthuraju''' April 24, 1929 - April 12, 2006) was the most popular [[actor]] in [[Kannada]]'s [[movie]] [[industry]]. He was seen as a role model to millions of [[Kannadigas]]. "Dr. Raj" or "Natasarvabhouma" or "Annavru" (Big Brother) to millions of his fans, he was also called the [[John Wayne]] of [[South India]]n [[cinema]].<ref>[http://news.scotsman.com/latest.cfm?id=560932006 TheScotsman.com]</ref> He acted in more than 200 movies over 50 years. Most of his [[movies]] have become very important in the Kannada movie industry. He was also a well-known [[singer]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Did you know these facts about Dr Rajkumar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/did-you-know-these-facts-about-dr-rajkumar/photostory/74950224.cms?picid=74950287 |website=The Times of India |date=April 2, 2020 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dr Rajkumar, the singing star of Indian cinema |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/karnataka/dr-rajkumar-the-singing-star-of-indian-cinema/ |website=The South First |date=April 24, 2023 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref> ==Early life== Dr. Rajkumar was born as Singanalluru Puttaswamayya Muthuraju on April 24, 1929, in Gajanur, a [[village]] on the border of [[Karnataka]] and [[Tamil Nadu]]. He came from a theater background. His father, Puttaswamayya, was a stage actor and young Rajkumar often watched his father's plays. This created his love for acting from a young age. ==Acting career== Dr. Rajkumar began his film career with the movie Bedara Kannappa in 1954. The film was a big success and made him a star overnight. Over the next 50 years, he acted in more than 200 [[Kannada]] films. Many of his movies became famous and are now seen as classics. Some popular movies include Bangarada Manushya, Kasturi Nivasa, Jeevana Chaitra and Bhakta Prahlada. He was known for playing good, honest and strong characters. He never acted in movies that showed bad habits like smoking or drinking, as he wanted to set a good example for others. ==Singing talent== Apart from acting, Dr. Rajkumar was also a talented singer. He sang many songs in his own [[movies]] and received praise for his soulful voice. His song "Yaare Koogadali" is still very popular. ==Kidnapping incident== In July 2000, Dr. Rajkumar was kidnapped by forest bandit Veerappan from his home in Gajanur. He was held hostage for 108 days before being released. This incident shocked and worried fans all over [[Karnataka]]. ==Death== Dr. Rajkumar died on April 12, 2006, from a [[heart attack]]. His death caused great sadness across Karnataka. Thousands of people came to pay their respects.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Google celebrates Kannada actor Rajkumar's 88th birthday with a doodle |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/fyi/story/88th-birthday-rajkumar-kannada-actor-google-doodle-973313-2017-04-24 |work=India Today |date=24 April 2017 |access-date=24 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajkumar's eyes grafted to two visually impaired |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Rajkumars-eyes-grafted-to-two-visually-impaired/articleshow/1489618.cms |work=The Times of India |date=13 April 2006 |access-date=24 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424171902/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Rajkumars-eyes-grafted-to-two-visually-impaired/articleshow/1489618.cms |archive-date=24 April 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{IMDb name|0004660}} [[Category:1924 births]] [[Category:2006 deaths]] [[Category:Indian actors]] gxjbtopl6fb7tgflz95ghfzslbfdyak 0 51924 10368961 9718274 2025-07-03T04:47:36Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Economy */ typo: duplication 10368961 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town |subject_name = Lucerne |image_photo = Lucerne collage.png |image_caption = '''Clockwise from top:''' [[Kapellbrücke]], [[Löwendenkmal]], Old town, City walls, Traditional frescoed building |municipality_name = Lucerne |municipality_type = municipality and city |imagepath_coa = Wappen Luzern matt.svg|pixel_coa= |map = Karte Gemeinde Luzern 2007.png |languages = German |canton = Lucerne |iso-code-region = CH-LU |district = [[Lucerne (district)|Lucerne]] |coordinates = {{coord|47|3|N|8|18|E|display=inline,title}} |postal_code = 6000 |municipality_code = 1061 |area = 37.4 |elevation = 435 |elevation_description = Lake shore |highest = Sonnenberg |highest_m = 800 |lowest = [[Rotsee]] |lowest_m = 422 |population = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-LU|1061}} |populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-LU}} |popofyear = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-LU}} |mayor = [[Beat Züsli]] |mayor_asof=2019 |mayor_party=SP/PS |mayor_title = Stadtpräsident |list_of_mayors = List of mayors of Lucerne |parliament_name = [[Lucerne#Parliament|Grosser Stadtrat]] |parliament_number_of_members = 48 |executive_name = [[Lucerne#Government|Stadtrat]] |executive_number_of_members = 5 |places = Luzern, [[Littau]] |website = www.stadtluzern.ch |demonym = {{lang-de|Luzerner(in)}} |neighboring_municipalities= [[Adligenswil]], [[Ebikon]], [[Emmen, Switzerland|Emmen]], [[Horw]], [[Kriens]], [[Malters]], [[Meggen]], [[Neuenkirch]] }} '''Lucerne''' ({{lang-de|Luzern}}, [[Swiss German]]: ''Lozärn'', [[French language|French]]: ''Lucerne'', [[Italian language|Italian]]: ''Lucerna'', [[Romansh language|Romansh]]: ''Lucerna'') is a [[city]] in [[Switzerland]]. It is the [[Capital (city)|capital]] of the [[Cantons of Switzerland|Canton]] of [[Lucerne (canton)|Lucerne]] and [[county seat|seat]] of the [[districts of Switzerland|district]] with the same name. The city has a [[population]] of about 60,000. Lucerne is the biggest and most important city in Central Switzerland. The city's [[metropolitan area]] consists of 17 [[municipality|municipalities]] in three cantons. It has an overall population of nearly 200,000 people. == Geography == Lucerne is located in central Switzerland on the northern end of [[Lake Lucerne]]. The [[Reuss (river)|river Reuss]] flows from the lake through the city. The city is surrounded by hills and [[Mountain|mountains]], for example the mountains [[Pilatus (mountain)|Pilatus]] and [[Rigi]]. == History == Lucerne joined the old Swiss confederation in 1332. Since 2010, [[Littau]] is part of the city. == Economy == [[File:Dampfschiff Uri in Luzern.JPG|thumb|left|Steamship ''Uri'' at the port of Lucerne.]] Due to its location on the shore of [[Lake Lucerne]] (''{{lang|de|Vierwaldstättersee}}'') within sight of the mountains Pilatus and Rigi, Lucerne is mainly a [[tourism|tourist destination]]. One of the city's famous landmarks is [[Kapellbrücke|Chapel Bridge]] (Kapellbrücke), a wooden [[bridge]] from the [[14th century]]. Many tourists choose Lucerne as their place to stay because the city is close to the [[Alps]] in the center of the country. ''Schifffahrtsgesellschaft des Vierwaldstättersees'' is the shipping company founded in 1870 that runs ships on Lake Lucerne. Lucerne railway station is the main station of central Switzerland. == Culture == Lucerne has a traditional ''Fasnacht ''([[Carnival|carneval]]) celebration which takes place every [[Spring (season)|spring]]. == Gallery == <gallery> Image:Lucerne city, lake and mountains.jpg|View of the city and the lake. Image:Luzern_pilatus_3.jpg|Lucerne with mount Pilatus in the background. Image:Luzerner Fasnacht 2009.JPG|A marching band celebrating ''Fasnacht ''in Lucerne. Image:Lucerne's Jesuit Church at Sunset.jpg|Jesuit Church in the old town. Image:Luzern asv2022-10 Löwendenkmal img1.jpg|Lion Mounument </gallery> == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commonscat-inline}} * [http://www.luzern.ch City of Lucerne official website] * [http://www.luzern.org/ Luzern Tourismus AG - tourist office] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827164044/http://www.luzern.org/ |date=2008-08-27 }} {{Cantonal capitals of Switzerland}} {{authority control}} {{switzerland-stub}} [[Category:Lucerne| ]] [[Category:Imperial free cities]] o9u83zut6uqm66lua1x8bhtubsf3efh 0 52059 10369166 10357468 2025-07-03T08:09:35Z 180.150.36.182 10369166 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | image = MCR820 (cropped).jpg | landscape = yes | caption = My Chemical Romance in [[Oklahoma City]], 2022. From left to right: [[Mikey Way]], [[Frank Iero]], [[Gerard Way]], [[Ray Toro]], [[Jarrod Alexander]], and [[Jamie Muhoberac]] | alt = My Chemical Romance on stage in Oklahoma, August 20th 2022. | background = group_or_band | alias = | origin = [[New Jersey]], U.S.{{efn|name=City of origin|Some sources say the band formed in [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]]<ref name="allmusic">{{cite web|first=Andrew|last=Leahey|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/my-chemical-romance-mn0000520545/biography|title=My Chemical Romance Bio|work=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=April 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610151501/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/my-chemical-romance-mn0000520545/biography|archive-date=June 10, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Newark2">{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/boston/news/my-chemical-romance-reunion-tour-boston/|title=My Chemical Romance Reunion Tour Coming To Boston|work=[[CBS News]]|date=January 29, 2020|access-date=September 30, 2024|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240930033544/https://www.cbsnews.com/boston/news/my-chemical-romance-reunion-tour-boston/|archive-date=September 30, 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> while others claim they formed in [[Belleville, New Jersey|Belleville]].<ref name="Belleville1">{{cite web|first=Chris|last=Deville|url=http://beta.dawn.com/news/886578/chemistry-hard-to-beat|title=Chemistry hard to beat!|work=Dawn|date=January 31, 2009|access-date=September 30, 2024|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240930032020/https://www.dawn.com/news/amp/886578|archive-date=September 30, 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>}} | discography = {{flatlist| * [[My Chemical Romance discography|Albums and singles]] * [[List of songs recorded by My Chemical Romance|list of songs]] }} | years_active = {{flatlist| * 2001–2013 * 2019–present }} | genre = <!-- ALL THESE ARE SOURCED IN THE "MUSICAL STYLE" SECTION -->{{flatlist| * [[Alternative rock]] * [[emo]] * {{nowrap|[[pop-punk]]}} * [[post-hardcore]] * {{nowrap|[[punk rock]]}} * {{nowrap|[[hard rock]]}} }} | label = {{flatlist| * [[Eyeball Records|Eyeball]] * [[Reprise Records|Reprise]] * {{nowrap|[[Warner Records|Warner]]}} }} | spinoffs = [[Death Spells]] | website = {{URL|mychemicalromance.com}} | current_members = * [[Gerard Way]] * [[Ray Toro]] * [[Mikey Way]] * [[Frank Iero]] | past_members = * Matt Pelissier * [[Bob Bryar]] * [[James Dewees]] }} '''My Chemical Romance''' (often abbreviated to '''MCR''' or shortened to '''My Chem''') is a [[rock band]] from [[New Jersey]] that began in 2001. They released their first [[album]] in 2002. The band has released four albums to date. The band consists of [[Gerard Way]] ([[singer|lead vocals]]), [[Ray Toro]] ([[guitar|lead guitar]]/vocals), [[Mikey Way]] ([[bass guitar]]), [[Frank Iero]] ([[rhythm guitar]]/vocals). The band announced that they were breaking up on March 22, 2013,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mychemicalromance.com/blog/mcr/my-chemical-romance|accessdate=2013-03-23|title=My Chemical Romance|publisher=nypost.com}}</ref> but announced their reunion October 31, 2019 and released their first song in over a decade on May 12th, 2022. == History == The band was started by [[Gerard Way]] after witnessing the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]] after they were on their way to work in [[New York (state)|New York]] and saw the bodies falling from the building. Gerard said that they thought to themself "What am I doing with my life? I'm slaving away doing drawings for [[Cartoon Network]] and not actually helping anybody". (This is mentioned in the MCR video diary Life on the Murder Scene on YouTube.) They then called up their friend [[Matt Pelissier]] who went on to recruit [[Ray Toro]] - the band's lead guitarist. Gerard said "there's nobody in [[New Jersey]] who can beat him, he is the best".{{fact|date=September 2022}} Gerard's brother [[Mikey Way]], [[bass guitar]]ist, joined the band soon after. === Progression === In May 2002, [[Frank Iero]] joined as the rhythm guitarist for the band. He was more than happy to leave [[college]] against his parents' wishes to join the band, and while MCR were on tour, he got a [[tattoo]] of a scorpion as high up on his neck as he could get it, as a stand against getting a regular job. In 2004, Pelissier was kicked out of the band, and was replaced by [[Bob Bryar]] - a sound technician for [[The Used]] and [[Thursday (band)|Thursday]] at the time. This lineup did not change until 2010, when Bob was removed from the band due to personal issues. === Name === The name of the band comes from an [[Irvine Welsh]] [[book]] titled ''"Ecstasy: Three Tales of Chemical Romance"''<ref>{{Cite web|title=My Chemical Romance Next Concert Setlist & Tour Dates|url=https://concerty.com/artist/my-chemical-romance-468192|website=Concerty.com}}</ref> which caught Mikey Way's eye when he was working in [[Barnes & Noble]]. == Albums == === I Brought You My Bullets, You Brought Me Your Love === The band released their first album on [[July 23]], [[2002]]. It was titled ''[[I Brought You My Bullets, You Brought Me Your Love]]''. The album featured the first song written by the band, Skylines And Turnstiles, which Gerard began to write after the 9/11 attacks, in 2001. === Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge === The second album by My Chemical Romance, ''[[Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge]]'', was the album that shot them to fame with songs like "I'm Not Okay (I Promise)" and "Helena" (A song written about the Way brothers' grandmother, Elena). It was released in June 8, 2004. Over two million copies of the album have been sold in the [[United States]]. The album was about a man who dies in a gunfight and is separated from his lover. In order to get her back, he makes a deal with [[Satan|the devil]] that would reunite them on the condition that the man first kill a thousand evil men. In the end, it is revealed that the last person that he needs to kill is himself. === The Black Parade === Their third album titled ''[[The Black Parade]]'' was released on October 24, 2006. The album sold more than 240,000 copies in the first week after it was released. It has sold over 1 million copies in total. The first [[song|single]] taken from [[The Black Parade]] called ''[[Welcome to the Black Parade]]'' reached the top 10 on the ''Billboard'' [[Hot 100]] and No.1 in the UK charts for two weeks. The band has commented in the past about the album, saying that The Black Parade is like a different band performing in a different 'world', and once that's over, My Chemical Romance will never be The Black Parade again. The album largely focuses on one character, The Patient, but also consists of songs and lyrics about different subjects and aspects of life and death. At the end of the CD, there is an extra track called Blood which plays over a minute and a half later. === Danger Days: The True Lives Of The Fabulous Killjoys === MCR's newest album was released on November 22, 2010. The original album was scrapped by the band due to their dislike and disappointment in it, and their second effort became what is now Danger Days. The band was halfway through making it when Bob Bryar suddenly left the band, which resulted in restarting the record. The record has spawned a tour called the World Contamination Tour, which is set to play through at least May 2011. MCR also went out on the Honda Civic tour 2011 with Blink 182. The band was using Michael Pedicone as a touring drummer to replace Bob Bryar. Pedicone was caught red handed stealing from My Chemical Romance. This resulted in him being kicked out, and replaced with Jarrod Alexander for the remainder of the Honda Civic Tour (2011). This album is musically different from Black Parade as the band has departed a bit from the dark themes of before and is infused with more pop influenced sounds and color. Set in California in the year 2019, a group of rebels called the Killjoys are rebelling against a dictator-like corporation called Better Living Industries. ==Band members== ===Current members=== * [[Gerard Way]] - lead vocals (since 2001) * [[Ray Toro]] - lead guitar, backing vocals (since 2001) * [[Mikey Way]] - Bass (since 2001) * [[Frank Iero]] - rhythm guitar, backing vocals (since 2002) ===Past members=== * [[James Dewees]] - Keyboards, synthesizers, percussion <small>(2006-2019)</small> * Matt Pelissier - drums <small>(2001-2004)</small> * [[Bob Bryar]] - drums <small>(2004-2010)</small> ===Tour members=== * Mike Pedicone - drums <small>(touring member 2010-2011)</small> * Jarrod Alexander - drums <small>(touring member since 2011)</small> ==Studio albums== *''[[I Brought You My Bullets, You Brought Me Your Love]]'' (July 23, 2002) *''[[Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge]]'' (June 8, 2004) *''[[The Black Parade]]'' (October 24, 2006) *''[[Danger Days: The True Lives of the Fabulous Killjoys]]'' (November 22, 2010) ;Demos *''Dreams Of Stabbing And/Or Being Stabbed'' (December 2001) ;Live albums *''[[Life on the Murder Scene]]'' (March 21, 2006) *''[[The Black Parade Is Dead!]]'' (June 30, 2008) ;Compilation albums *''[[Conventional Weapons]] (October 31, 2012 - February 5, 2013)'' *''[[May Death Never Stop You]] (March 25, 2014)'' *''[[The Black Parade/Living With Ghosts]] (September 23, 2016)'' ;EPs *''[[Like Phantoms, Forever]]'' (August 2002) *''[[Warped Tour Bootleg Series]]'' (July 19, 2005) *''[[Live and Rare (My Chemical Romance EP)|Live and Rare]]'' (December 19, 2007) *''[[The Black Parade: The B-Sides]]'' (February 3, 2009) *''[[The Mad Gear and Missile Kid]]'' (November 22, 2010) *''iTunes Festival: London 2011'' (July 18, 2011) ==Notes== {{Notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [http://www.mychemicalromance.com/ My Chemical Romance Official Website] * [http://www.theblackparade.com/ The Black Parade Official Website] * {{allmusicguide|id=11:mw98b5p4psq4}} [[Category:2000s establishments in New Jersey]] [[Category:2000s American music groups]] [[Category:2010s American music groups]] [[Category:American punk bands]] [[Category:Pop punk bands]] [[Category:Musical groups disestablished in 2013]] [[Category:Musical groups established in 2001]] [[Category:Musical groups from Jersey City, New Jersey]] [[Category:My Chemical Romance| ]] [[Category:Warner Bros. Records artists]] px2iy0xc691dgli4c4wdnccxemqn2op 10369478 10369166 2025-07-03T11:43:36Z 1.136.109.73 10369478 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | image = MCR820 (cropped).jpg | landscape = yes | caption = My Chemical Romance in [[Oklahoma City]], 2022. From left to right: [[Mikey Way]], [[Frank Iero]], [[Gerard Way]], [[Ray Toro]], [[Jarrod Alexander]], and [[Jamie Muhoberac]] | alt = My Chemical Romance on stage in Oklahoma, August 20th 2022. | background = group_or_band | alias = | origin = [[New Jersey]], U.S.{{efn|name=City of origin|Some sources say the band formed in [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]]<ref name="allmusic">{{cite web|first=Andrew|last=Leahey|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/my-chemical-romance-mn0000520545/biography|title=My Chemical Romance Bio|work=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=April 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610151501/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/my-chemical-romance-mn0000520545/biography|archive-date=June 10, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Newark2">{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/boston/news/my-chemical-romance-reunion-tour-boston/|title=My Chemical Romance Reunion Tour Coming To Boston|work=[[CBS News]]|date=January 29, 2020|access-date=September 30, 2024|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240930033544/https://www.cbsnews.com/boston/news/my-chemical-romance-reunion-tour-boston/|archive-date=September 30, 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> while others claim they formed in [[Belleville, New Jersey|Belleville]].<ref name="Belleville1">{{cite web|first=Chris|last=Deville|url=http://beta.dawn.com/news/886578/chemistry-hard-to-beat|title=Chemistry hard to beat!|work=Dawn|date=January 31, 2009|access-date=September 30, 2024|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240930032020/https://www.dawn.com/news/amp/886578|archive-date=September 30, 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>}} | discography = {{flatlist| * [[My Chemical Romance discography|Albums and singles]] * [[List of songs recorded by My Chemical Romance|list of songs]] }} | years_active = {{flatlist| * 2001–2013 * 2019–present }} | genre = <!-- ALL THESE ARE SOURCED IN THE "MUSICAL STYLE" SECTION -->{{flatlist| * [[Alternative rock]] * [[emo]] * {{nowrap|[[pop-punk]]}} * [[post-hardcore]] * {{nowrap|[[punk rock]]}} * {{nowrap|[[hard rock]]}} }} | label = {{flatlist| * [[Eyeball Records|Eyeball]] * [[Reprise Records|Reprise]] * {{nowrap|[[Warner Records|Warner]]}} }} | spinoffs = [[Death Spells]] | website = {{URL|mychemicalromance.com}} | current_members = * [[Gerard Way]] * [[Ray Toro]] * [[Mikey Way]] * [[Frank Iero]] | past_members = * Matt Pelissier * [[Bob Bryar]] * [[James Dewees]] }} '''My Chemical Romance''' (often abbreviated to '''MCR''' or shortened to '''My Chem''') is a [[rock band]] from [[New Jersey]] that began in 2001. They released their first [[album]] in 2002. The band has released four albums to date. The band consists of [[Gerard Way]] ([[singer|lead vocals]]), [[Ray Toro]] ([[guitar|lead guitar]]/vocals), [[Mikey Way]] ([[bass guitar]]), [[Frank Iero]] ([[rhythm guitar]]/vocals). The band announced that they were breaking up on March 22, 2013,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mychemicalromance.com/blog/mcr/my-chemical-romance|accessdate=2013-03-23|title=My Chemical Romance|publisher=nypost.com}}</ref> but announced their reunion October 31, 2019 and released their first song in over a decade on May 12th, 2022. == History == The band was started by [[Gerard Way]] after witnessing the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]] after they were on their way to work in [[New York (state)|New York]] and saw the bodies falling from the building. Gerard said that they thought to themself "What am I doing with my life? I'm slaving away doing drawings for [[Cartoon Network]] and not actually helping anybody". (This is mentioned in the MCR video diary Life on the Murder Scene on YouTube.) They then called up their friend [[Matt Pelissier]] who went on to recruit [[Ray Toro]] - the band's lead guitarist. Gerard said "there's nobody in [[New Jersey]] who can beat him, he is the best".{{fact|date=September 2022}} Gerard's brother [[Mikey Way]], [[bass guitar]]ist, joined the band soon after. === Progression === In May 2002, [[Frank Iero]] joined as the rhythm guitarist for the band. He was more than happy to leave [[college]] against his parents' wishes to join the band, and while MCR were on tour, he got a [[tattoo]] of a scorpion as high up on his neck as he could get it, as a stand against getting a regular job. In 2004, Pelissier was kicked out of the band, and was replaced by [[Bob Bryar]] - a sound technician for [[The Used]] and [[Thursday (band)|Thursday]] at the time. This lineup did not change until 2010, when Bob was removed from the band due to personal issues. === Name === The name of the band comes from an [[Irvine Welsh]] [[book]] titled ''"Ecstasy: Three Tales of Chemical Romance"''<ref>{{Cite web|title=My Chemical Romance Next Concert Setlist & Tour Dates|url=https://concerty.com/artist/my-chemical-romance-468192|website=Concerty.com}}</ref> which caught Mikey Way's eye when he was working in [[Barnes & Noble]]. == Albums == === I Brought You My Bullets, You Brought Me Your Love === The band released their first album on [[July 23]], [[2002]]. It was titled ''[[I Brought You My Bullets, You Brought Me Your Love]]''. The album featured the first song written by the band, Skylines And Turnstiles, which Gerard began to write after the 9/11 attacks, in 2001. === Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge === The second album by My Chemical Romance, ''[[Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge]]'', was the album that shot them to fame with songs like "I'm Not Okay (I Promise)" and "Helena" (A song written about the Way brothers' grandmother, Elena). It was released in June 8, 2004. Over two million copies of the album have been sold in the [[United States]]. The album was about a man who dies in a gunfight and is separated from his lover. In order to get her back, he makes a deal with [[Satan|the devil]] that would reunite them on the condition that the man first kill a thousand evil men. In the end, it is revealed that the last person that he needs to kill is himself. === The Black Parade === Their third album titled ''[[The Black Parade]]'' was released on October 24, 2006. The album sold more than 240,000 copies in the first week after it was released. It has sold over 1 million copies in total. The first [[song|single]] taken from [[The Black Parade]] called ''[[Welcome to the Black Parade]]'' reached the top 10 on the ''Billboard'' [[Hot 100]] and No.1 in the UK charts for two weeks. The band has commented in the past about the album, saying that The Black Parade is like a different band performing in a different 'world', and once that's over, My Chemical Romance will never be The Black Parade again. The album largely focuses on one character, The Patient, but also consists of songs and lyrics about different subjects and aspects of life and death. At the end of the CD, there is an extra track called Blood which plays over a minute and a half later. === Danger Days: The True Lives Of The Fabulous Killjoys === MCR's newest album was released on November 22, 2010. The original album was scrapped by the band due to their dislike and disappointment in it, and their second effort became what is now Danger Days. The band was halfway through making it when Bob Bryar suddenly left the band, which resulted in restarting the record. The record has spawned a tour called the World Contamination Tour, which is set to play through at least May 2011. MCR also went out on the Honda Civic tour 2011 with Blink 182. The band was using Michael Pedicone as a touring drummer to replace Bob Bryar. Pedicone was caught red handed stealing from My Chemical Romance. This resulted in him being kicked out, and replaced with Jarrod Alexander for the remainder of the Honda Civic Tour (2011). This album is musically different from Black Parade as the band has departed a bit from the dark themes of before and is infused with more pop influenced sounds and color. Set in California in the year 2019, a group of rebels called the Killjoys are rebelling against a dictator-like corporation called Better Living Industries. ==Band members== ===Current members=== * [[Gerard Way]] - lead vocals (since 2001) * [[Ray Toro]] - lead guitar, backing vocals (since 2001) * [[Mikey Way]] - Bass (since 2001) * [[Frank Iero]] - rhythm guitar, backing vocals (since 2002) ===Past members=== * [[James Dewees]] - Keyboards, synthesizers, percussion <small>(2006-2019)</small> * Matt Pelissier - drums <small>(2001-2004)</small> * [[Bob Bryar]] - drums <small>(2004-2010)</small> ===Tour members=== * Mike Pedicone - drums <small>(touring member 2010-2011)</small> * Jarrod Alexander - drums <small>(touring member since 2011)</small> ==Studio albums== *''[[I Brought You My Bullets, You Brought Me Your Love]]'' (July 23, 2002) *''[[Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge]]'' (June 8, 2004) *''[[The Black Parade]]'' (October 24, 2006) *''[[Danger Days: The True Lives of the Fabulous Killjoys]]'' (November 22, 2010) ;Demos *''Dreams Of Stabbing And/Or Being Stabbed'' (December 2001) ;Live albums *''[[Life on the Murder Scene]]'' (March 21, 2006) *''[[The Black Parade Is Dead!]]'' (June 30, 2008) ;Compilation albums *''[[Conventional Weapons]] (October 31, 2012 - February 5, 2013)'' *''[[May Death Never Stop You]] (March 25, 2014)'' *''[[The Black Parade/Living With Ghosts]] (September 23, 2016)'' ;EPs *''[[Like Phantoms, Forever]]'' (August 2002) *''[[Warped Tour Bootleg Series]]'' (July 19, 2005) *''[[Live and Rare (My Chemical Romance EP)|Live and Rare]]'' (December 19, 2007) *''[[The Black Parade: The B-Sides]]'' (February 3, 2009) *''[[The Mad Gear and Missile Kid]]'' (November 22, 2010) *''iTunes Festival: London 2011'' (July 18, 2011) ==Notes== {{Notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [http://www.mychemicalromance.com/ My Chemical Romance Official Website] * [http://www.theblackparade.com/ The Black Parade Official Website] * {{allmusicguide|id=11:mw98b5p4psq4}} [[Category:2000s establishments in New Jersey]] [[Category:2000s American music groups]] [[Category:2010s American music groups]] [[Category:American punk bands]] [[Category:Pop punk bands]] [[Category:Musical groups disestablished in 2013]] [[Category:Musical groups established in 2001]] [[Category:Musical groups from Jersey City, New Jersey]] [[Category:My Chemical Romance| ]] [[Category:Warner Bros. Records artists]] m70o3j7xi63aswbktg6jgo3a1wahz51 0 52745 10367858 9659774 2025-07-02T16:11:11Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Characters */ US-EN 10367858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | creator = [[René Echevarria]]<br /> [[Scott Peters (writer)|Scott Peters]] | runtime = about 42 minutes | starring = ''[[#Characters|see below]]'' | country = [[Canada]]<br /> [[United Kingdom]]<br /> [[United States]] | network = [[USA Network]] | first_aired = {{start date|2004|07|11}} | last_aired = {{end date|2007|09|16}} | num_episodes = 44 | list_episodes = | opentheme = "[[Amanda Abizaid|A Place in Time]]" }} '''''The 4400''''' was a [[science fiction]] [[television programme|television series]]. The series ran from 2004 to 2007. == The story == "The 4400" is a reference to 4400 people who disappeared [[wikt:mystery|mysteriously]] over the last [[century]]. These people all returned near [[Seattle, Washington]] at the same time from a large [[Sphere|ball]] of [[light]]. They had not gotten older. After a short time, each person that came back started showing some special abilities, for example: [[heal]]ing, [[precognition]] (seeing the [[future]]), and [[persuasion]]. == Characters == {{col-begin|width=70%}} {{col-break}} * [[Tom Baldwin]] — [[Joel Gretsch]] * [[Diana Skouris]] — [[Jacqueline McKenzie]] * [[Richard Tyler]] — [[Mahershalalhashbaz Ali]] * [[Lily Tyler|Lily Moore Tyler]] — [[Laura Allen]] * [[Shawn Farrell]] — [[Patrick Flueger]] * [[Isabelle Tyler]] — [[Megalyn Echikunwoke]] * [[Maia Skouris]] — [[Conchita Campbell]] * [[Nina Jarvis]] — [[Samantha Ferris]] * [[Alana Mareva]] — [[Karina Lombard]] * [[Dennis Ryland]] — [[Peter Coyote]] * [[Jordan Collier]] — [[Billy Campbell]] {{col-break}} ; Recurring * [[Kyle Baldwin]] — [[Chad Faust]] * [[List of The 4400 recurring characters#Danny Farrell|Danny Farrell]] — [[Kaj-Erik Eriksen]] * [[List of The 4400 recurring characters#Nikki Hudson|Nikki Hudson]] — [[Brooke Nevin]] * [[List of The 4400 recurring characters#April Skouris|April Skouris]] — [[Natasha Gregson Wagner]] * [[Kevin Burkhoff]] — [[Jeffrey Combs]] * [[List of The 4400 recurring characters#Matthew Ross|Matthew Ross]] — [[Garret Dillahunt]] * [[Marco Pacella]] — [[Richard Kahan]] * [[Tess Doerner]] - [[Summer Glau]] {{col-end}} {{tv-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:4400, The}} [[Category:Science fiction television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] 8y03ytkv2l1whnd0i7lyjof7230dl4a 14 53281 10369095 4364625 2025-07-03T07:28:04Z 2605:4A80:7804:8EE0:A077:CF05:41E2:FD96 10369095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Syria}} [[Category:Asian countries]] [[Category:Middle Eastern countries]] [[Category:European countries]] jyp9qzo00tddlepfbkwadlk8yxl6m2f 0 53962 10368809 10321794 2025-07-03T03:00:09Z Jim.henderson 70336 [[Ancient Olympic Games]] link 10368809 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lauren Mitchell, 41st AG World Championship, 2009 (full tone blur).jpg|thumb|250px| Australian artistic gymnast Lauren Mitchell does a layout step-out during the 2009 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships in London.]] [[File:Gymnastics brokenchopstick.jpg|thumb|250px|A gymnast on the pommel horse at a [[competition]].]] {{sports}} '''Gymnastics''' is a [[sport]] which involves doing exercises which need strength, flexibility, balance and endurance. This may include [[running]], [[jumping]], tumbling, [[somersault]]ing, flipping and [[balance|balancing]]. Mental skills are also involved such as confidence, diet control and focus. In women's gymnastics, there are four activities: floor, uneven bars, balance beam, and vault. In men's gymnastics, there are six activities: floor exercise, parallel bars, high bar, pommel horse, vault, and rings. Gymnastics is a [[Summer Olympics|Summer Olympic]] sport. It began as a [[Calisthenics|form of exercise]] in [[ancient Greece]]. It was one of the first sports in the [[Ancient Olympic Games]]. == Forms of gymnastics == There are several forms of gymnastics, including [[rhythmic gymnastics]], artistic gymnastics, [[acrobatics]], [[trampolining]], and [[wheel gymnastics]] and no handed gymnastics. In ''artistic gymnastics'', gymnasts perform short routines using different pieces of equipment. ''Acrobatics'' involves showing balance and performing flips on the floor or in the air. In ''trampolining'', gymnasts do routines using only the [[trampoline]]. ''Wheel gymnasts'' exercise in a large wheel called a German wheel. <gallery widths="150px" heights="147px"> File:Cervenkova.JPG|Rhythmic File:Girls Synchro WAGC 2007.jpg|Trampoline File:Sportpressefest 1966 in der Ostseehalle (Kiel 77.669).jpg|Wheel </gallery> In ''rhythmic gymnastics'', gymnasts perform with [[ribbon]]s, [[rope]], ball, hoop and clubs. Usually, only females do rhythmic gymnastics because they are more flexible than males. == Other websites == {{Commons category-inline|gymnastics}} * [http://www.martinvidic.com/martinvidic_en_2006/flash_mavi/gymnastics.htm FM Gymnastics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070329013356/http://www.martinvidic.com/martinvidic_en_2006/flash_mavi/gymnastics.htm |date=2007-03-29 }}- a list of Techniques and free animated comic tutorials for Floor Gymnastics. === Websites of the federations === <!--- http://www.gymnastik.se/gymtex/gymlink_portal/links_inter_federations.html ---> '''[http://www.fig-gymnastics.com Federation Internationale de Gymnastique]''' * {{flagicon|Argentina|}} [http://www.efdeportes.com/gimnar/ Gimnasia Argentina] * {{flagicon|Australia}} [http://www.promo.gymnastics.org.au/ Gymnastics Australia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130710091003/http://www.promo.gymnastics.org.au/ |date=2013-07-10 }} * {{flagicon|Brazil}} [http://www.cbginastica.com.br Brazilian Gymnastics Federation] * {{flagicon|Canada}} [http://www.gymcan.org/content/index.php?lang=en Gymnastics Canada] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701133837/http://www.gymcan.org/content/index.php?lang=en |date=2007-07-01 }} * {{flagicon|China|}} [http://www.cga.net.cn/ Chinese Gymnastics Association] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010401155356/http://www.cga.net.cn/ |date=2001-04-01 }} * {{flagicon|France|}} [http://www.ffgym.com/ Fédération Française de Gymnastique] * {{flagicon|Italy|}} [http://www.federginnastica.it/html/home.php Federazione Ginnastica d'Italia] * {{flagicon|Japan|}} [http://www.jpn-gym.or.jp/english/ Japan Gymnastic Association] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140917190501/http://www.jpn-gym.or.jp/english/ |date=2014-09-17 }} * {{flagicon|Mexico|}} [http://www.gimnasiamx.com/ Mexican Gymnastics Federation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424220113/http://www.gimnasiamx.com/ |date=2021-04-24 }} * {{flagicon|Romania|}} [http://www.romgym.info/ Romanian Gymnastics Federation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070520162806/http://www.romgym.info/ |date=2007-05-20 }} * {{flagicon|Russia|}} [http://www.sportgymrus.ru/ Russian Gymnastics Federation] * {{flagicon|Great Britain|}} [http://www.british-gymnastics.org/ British Gymnastics] * {{flagicon|United States of America|}} [http://www.usa-gymnastics.org/ USA Gymnastics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618160803/http://www2.usa-gymnastics.org/ |date=2012-06-18 }} [[Category:Gymnastics| ]] [[Category:Summer Olympic sports| ]] gr7y72efhq9354wkh2yfr13ua64reqo 0 54593 10369333 9700096 2025-07-03T09:51:08Z 92.119.36.152 10369333 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- Basic info ----------------> |name = Athens, Georgia |nickname = "The Classic City" |settlement_type = [[Consolidated city–county]] |named_for = [[Athens]], [[Greece]] |motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline = File:Athens Georgia City Hall 1.jpg |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = Athens City Hall |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = Seal of Athens-Clarke County, Georgia.png |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = Clarke_County_Georgia_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Athens_Highlighted.svg |mapsize = 250px |map_caption = Location of Athens in [[Clarke County, Georgia|Clarke County]] (left) and of Clarke County in [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] (right) |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = USA Georgia#USA |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Georgia##Location in the United States |pushpin_relief = 1 <!-- Location ------------------> | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] |subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Georgia (U.S. state)|County]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Clarke County, Georgia|Clarke]] |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = <!-- Politics -----------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = Settled |established_date = {{start date|1801}} |established_title2 = As Town |established_date2 = {{start date|1806|12}} |established_title3 = As City |established_date3 = {{start date|1872|08|24}} <!-- Area ---------------------> | unit_pref = Imperial | area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2021">{{cite web|title=2021 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2021_Gazetteer/2021_gaz_place_13.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=October 13, 2021}}</ref> | area_total_sq_mi = 118.10 | area_total_km2 = 305.87 | area_land_sq_mi = 116.33 | area_land_km2 = 301.29 | area_water_sq_mi = 1.77 | area_water_km2 = 4.58 <!-- Population -----------------------> | population_total = 127315 | population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]] | population_footnotes = <ref name="QuickFacts">{{cite web |title=QuickFacts: Savannah city, Georgia |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/athensclarkecountyunifiedgovernmentbalancegeorgia/POP010220 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=October 13, 2021}}</ref> | population_rank = {{nowrap|[[List of United States cities by population|218th]] in the United States}}<br>[[List of municipalities in Georgia (U.S. state)|6th]] in Georgia | population_density_sq_mi = 1094.43 | population_density_km2 = 422.57 | population_metro_footnotes = <ref name="2020Pop">{{cite web |title=2020 Population and Housing State Data |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=October 13, 2021}}</ref> | population_metro = 215415 ([[List of metropolitan statistical areas|214th]]) <!-- General information ---------------> |timezone = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|EST]] |utc_offset = &minus;5 |timezone_DST = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]] |utc_offset_DST = &minus;4 |coordinates = {{coord|33|57|N|83|23|W|region:US-GA|display=inline,title}} |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> |elevation_m = 194 |elevation_ft = 636 <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |postal_code_type = ZIP code |postal_code = 30601-30609, 30612 |area_code = [[Area code 706|706]] |blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]] |blank_info = 13-03440<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref> |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = [http://www.athensclarkecounty.com/ athensclarkecounty.com] }} '''Athens''' is a town in the [[United States|American]] [[U.S. state|state]] of [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]. It is the [[county seat]] of [[Clarke County, Georgia|Clarke County]]. The [[University of Georgia]] is in Athens. == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == * [http://www.athensclarkecounty.com/ Athens-Clarke County: Unified City/County Government Official Site] * [http://www.visitathensga.com/ Athens Convention & Visitors Bureau] * [http://www.athensstuff.com/ Athens Stuff Guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202072340/http://athensstuff.com/ |date=2007-02-02 }} * [http://www.uga.edu/ The University of Georgia] {{Georgia (U.S. state)}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:County seats in Georgia]] [[Category:Towns in Georgia (U.S. state)]] {{US-geo-stub}} d65mf2dtenm46ql6ftk0kyqpc3w38gz 10369414 10369333 2025-07-03T11:12:24Z 180.150.36.182 10369414 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- Basic info ----------------> |name = Athens, Georgia |nickname = "The Classic City" |settlement_type = [[Consolidated city–county]] |named_for = [[Athens]], [[Greece]] |motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline = File:Athens Georgia City Hall 1.jpg |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = Athens City Hall |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = Seal of Athens-Clarke County, Georgia.png |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = Clarke_County_Georgia_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Athens_Highlighted.svg |mapsize = 250px |map_caption = Location of Athens in [[Clarke County, Georgia|Clarke County]] (left) and of Clarke County in [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] (right) |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = USA Georgia#USA |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Georgia##Location in the United States |pushpin_relief = 1 <!-- Location ------------------> | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] |subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Georgia (U.S. state)|County]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Clarke County, Georgia|Clarke]] |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = <!-- Politics -----------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = Settled |established_date = {{start date|1801}} |established_title2 = As Town |established_date2 = {{start date|1806|12}} |established_title3 = As City |established_date3 = {{start date|1872|08|24}} <!-- Area ---------------------> | unit_pref = Imperial | area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2021">{{cite web|title=2021 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2021_Gazetteer/2021_gaz_place_13.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=October 13, 2021}}</ref> | area_total_sq_mi = 118.10 | area_total_km2 = 305.87 | area_land_sq_mi = 116.33 | area_land_km2 = 301.29 | area_water_sq_mi = 1.77 | area_water_km2 = 4.58 <!-- Population -----------------------> | population_total = 127315 | population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]] | population_footnotes = <ref name="QuickFacts">{{cite web |title=QuickFacts: Savannah city, Georgia |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/athensclarkecountyunifiedgovernmentbalancegeorgia/POP010220 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=October 13, 2021}}</ref> | population_rank = {{nowrap|[[List of United States cities by population|218th]] in the United States}}<br>[[List of municipalities in Georgia (U.S. state)|6th]] in Georgia | population_density_sq_mi = 1094.43 | population_density_km2 = 422.57 | population_metro_footnotes = <ref name="2020Pop">{{cite web |title=2020 Population and Housing State Data |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=October 13, 2021}}</ref> | population_metro = 215415 ([[List of metropolitan statistical areas|214th]]) <!-- General information ---------------> |timezone = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|EST]] |utc_offset = &minus;5 |timezone_DST = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]] |utc_offset_DST = &minus;4 |coordinates = {{coord|33|57|N|83|23|W|region:US-GA|display=inline,title}} |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> |elevation_m = 194 |elevation_ft = 636 <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |postal_code_type = ZIP code |postal_code = 30601-30609, 30612 |area_code = [[Area code 706|706]] |blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]] |blank_info = 13-03440<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref> |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = [http://www.athensclarkecounty.com/ athensclarkecounty.com] }} '''Athens''' is a town in the [[United States|American]] [[U.S. state|state]] of [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]. It is the [[county seat]] of [[Clarke County, Georgia|Clarke County]]. The [[University of Georgia]] is in Athens. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [http://www.athensclarkecounty.com/ Athens-Clarke County: Unified City/County Government Official Site] * [http://www.visitathensga.com/ Athens Convention & Visitors Bureau] * [http://www.athensstuff.com/ Athens Stuff Guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202072340/http://athensstuff.com/ |date=2007-02-02 }} * [http://www.uga.edu/ The University of Georgia] {{Georgia (U.S. state)}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:County seats in Georgia]] [[Category:Towns in Georgia (U.S. state)]] {{US-geo-stub}} as1io1hdo01q70oj8wbmk1a1792nk02 0 54612 10369416 8997561 2025-07-03T11:12:42Z 180.150.36.182 10369416 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Clarke County''' is a [[county]] in the [[United States|American]] [[U.S. state|state]] of [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]. The [[county town|county seat]] of Clarke County is [[Athens, Georgia]]. Clarke county was formed on December 5, 1801 and named after [[Revolutionary War]] [[hero]] [[Elijah Clarke]]. The [[University of Georgia]] is in Clarke County. At the 2020 census, Clarke county had 128,671 people.<ref name="2020QF">{{cite web|title=QuickFacts: Clarke County, Georgia|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/clarkecountygeorgia|access-date=August 11, 2023}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [http://www.athensclarkecounty.com Official site] {{Georgia (U.S. state)}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Georgia (U.S. state) counties]] [[Category:1801 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:1800s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)]] {{US-geo-stub}} jvgqxmqsk62fwd7qc1ujzoygyu7eyep 4 56381 10369221 10319924 2025-07-03T08:29:03Z Cactusisme 1477024 10369221 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="clear:both; background:#DDF; color:black; border:1px #AAA solid;" cellspacing="4" |- | width="60%" style="padding:1em; border:1px solid #AAA; background-color:#EEF;" valign="top" | <span style="font-size:2em;">Proposed very good articles</span> {{shortcut|WP:PVGOOD|WP:PVGA|WP:FAC}} [[File:Cscr-candidate.svg|left|60px|This star represents the proposed very good content on Wikipedia.]] Very good articles are the highest status of articles at Simple English Wikipedia. In order to become a very good article, there are certain criteria that the article must meet. These criteria can be found at [[Wikipedia:Requirements for very good articles]]. This page is to discuss articles to decide whether they meet the VGA criteria. When an article is posted here for discussion, it should have the {{tl|pvgood}} tag placed on it. This will place the article in [[:Category:Proposed very good articles]]. Articles which are accepted by the community as very good articles have their {{tl|pvgood}} tag replaced with {{tl|vgood}}. They are also listed on [[Wikipedia:Very good articles]] and are placed in [[:Category:Very good articles]]. Articles which are not accepted by the community as very good articles have their {{tl|vgood}} tag removed. Articles that are below the very good article criteria can be nominated to be a good article at [[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles]]. In order to make sure the article you are proposing meets the required size, use [[User:Phantomsteve/prosesize.js|this tool]]. Please notice that the ''text'' size is important, not the ''wikitext'' size. | style="border:1px solid #AAA; padding:1em; background-color:#EFE;" valign="top" | <span style="font-size:2em;">Joining the talk</span> If you choose to participate in the discussion process for promoting articles, it is very important that you know and understand the [[Wikipedia:Requirements for very good articles|criteria for very good articles]]. Discussing an article is a promise to the community that you have thoroughly read the criteria and the article in question. You should be prepared to fully explain the reasons for your comment. This process should not be taken lightly, and if there is concern that a user is not taking the process seriously and/or is commenting without reason, they may have their privilege to participate taken away. |} {{archive box collapsible|large=yes| *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 1|Archived votings and requests (up to September 2007)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 2|Archived votings and requests (from October 2007 to June 2008)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 3|Archived votings and requests (from July 2008 to August 2008)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 4|Archived votings and requests (from September 2008 to January 2009)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 5|Archived votings and requests (from February 2009 to April 2009)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 6|Archived votings and requests (from May 2009 to August 2009)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 7|Archived requests (from September 2009 to February 2010)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 8|Archived requests (from March 2010 to January 2011)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 9|Archived requests (from February 2011 to June 2013)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 10|Archived requests (from July 2013 onwards)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 11|Archived requests (from June 2021 to December 2021)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 12|Archived requests (from 2022 to 2024)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 13|Archived requests (from 2025)]] }} ==Proposals for very good articles== To propose an article for Very Good article status, just add it to the '''top of the list''' using the code, filling out 'page title' and 'reason' with your proposed page's title and why you think this page should be a proposed article: <code>{{[[Template:Pgapropose|subst:Pgapropose]]|''page title''|''reason''}} <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code> You may have <u>''one'' nomination</u> open at a time only. Proposals run for three weeks. After this time the article will be either promoted or not promoted depending on the consensus reached in the discussion. ''This is '''not a vote''', so please do not use comments such as "Support" or "Oppose" only without giving constructive feedback.'' <!--List new proposals below this line, NEWEST NOMINATIONS AT THE TOP. --> == Proposals closed recently == ==Related pages== *[[Wikipedia:Requirements for very good articles]] *[[Wikipedia:Requirements for good articles]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed article demotion]] [[Category:Very good articles|*]] </noinclude> esmutrh3zdcvuotu6fa0tsol701xt7a 10369228 10369221 2025-07-03T08:31:32Z Cactusisme 1477024 10369228 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="clear:both; background:#DDF; color:black; border:1px #AAA solid;" cellspacing="4" |- | width="60%" style="padding:1em; border:1px solid #AAA; background-color:#EEF;" valign="top" | <span style="font-size:2em;">Proposed very good articles</span> {{shortcut|WP:PVGOOD|WP:PVGA|WP:FAC}} [[File:Cscr-candidate.svg|left|60px|This star represents the proposed very good content on Wikipedia.]] Very good articles are the highest status of articles at Simple English Wikipedia. In order to become a very good article, there are certain criteria that the article must meet. These criteria can be found at [[Wikipedia:Requirements for very good articles]]. This page is to discuss articles to decide whether they meet the VGA criteria. When an article is posted here for discussion, it should have the {{tl|pvgood}} tag placed on it. This will place the article in [[:Category:Proposed very good articles]]. Articles which are accepted by the community as very good articles have their {{tl|pvgood}} tag replaced with {{tl|vgood}}. They are also listed on [[Wikipedia:Very good articles]] and are placed in [[:Category:Very good articles]]. Articles which are not accepted by the community as very good articles have their {{tl|vgood}} tag removed. Articles that are below the very good article criteria can be nominated to be a good article at [[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles]]. In order to make sure the article you are proposing meets the required size, use [[User:Phantomsteve/prosesize.js|this tool]]. Please notice that the ''text'' size is important, not the ''wikitext'' size. | style="border:1px solid #AAA; padding:1em; background-color:#EFE;" valign="top" | <span style="font-size:2em;">Joining the talk</span> If you choose to participate in the discussion process for promoting articles, it is very important that you know and understand the [[Wikipedia:Requirements for very good articles|criteria for very good articles]]. Discussing an article is a promise to the community that you have thoroughly read the criteria and the article in question. You should be prepared to fully explain the reasons for your comment. This process should not be taken lightly, and if there is concern that a user is not taking the process seriously and/or is commenting without reason, they may have their privilege to participate taken away. |} {{archive box collapsible|large=yes| *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 1|Archived votings and requests (From June 2007 to September 2007)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 2|Archived votings and requests (from October 2007 to June 2008)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 3|Archived votings and requests (from July 2008 to August 2008)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 4|Archived votings and requests (from September 2008 to January 2009)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 5|Archived votings and requests (from February 2009 to April 2009)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 6|Archived votings and requests (from May 2009 to August 2009)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 7|Archived requests (from September 2009 to February 2010)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 8|Archived requests (from March 2010 to January 2011)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 9|Archived requests (from February 2011 to June 2013)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 10|Archived requests (from July 2013 onwards)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 11|Archived requests (from June 2021 to December 2021)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 12|Archived requests (from November 2022 to September 2024)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 13|Archived requests (from December 2024 to 2025)]] }} ==Proposals for very good articles== To propose an article for Very Good article status, just add it to the '''top of the list''' using the code, filling out 'page title' and 'reason' with your proposed page's title and why you think this page should be a proposed article: <code>{{[[Template:Pgapropose|subst:Pgapropose]]|''page title''|''reason''}} <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code> You may have <u>''one'' nomination</u> open at a time only. Proposals run for three weeks. After this time the article will be either promoted or not promoted depending on the consensus reached in the discussion. ''This is '''not a vote''', so please do not use comments such as "Support" or "Oppose" only without giving constructive feedback.'' <!--List new proposals below this line, NEWEST NOMINATIONS AT THE TOP. --> == Proposals closed recently == ==Related pages== *[[Wikipedia:Requirements for very good articles]] *[[Wikipedia:Requirements for good articles]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed article demotion]] [[Category:Very good articles|*]] </noinclude> n0wxidzrrxleyhrai95y1axp8b2xo0y 10369229 10369228 2025-07-03T08:32:27Z Cactusisme 1477024 maintenance 10369229 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="clear:both; background:#DDF; color:black; border:1px #AAA solid;" cellspacing="4" |- | width="60%" style="padding:1em; border:1px solid #AAA; background-color:#EEF;" valign="top" | <span style="font-size:2em;">Proposed very good articles</span> {{shortcut|WP:PVGOOD|WP:PVGA|WP:FAC}} [[File:Cscr-candidate.svg|left|60px|This star represents the proposed very good content on Wikipedia.]] Very good articles are the highest status of articles at Simple English Wikipedia. In order to become a very good article, there are certain criteria that the article must meet. These criteria can be found at [[Wikipedia:Requirements for very good articles]]. This page is to discuss articles to decide whether they meet the VGA criteria. When an article is posted here for discussion, it should have the {{tl|pvgood}} tag placed on it. This will place the article in [[:Category:Proposed very good articles]]. Articles which are accepted by the community as very good articles have their {{tl|pvgood}} tag replaced with {{tl|vgood}}. They are also listed on [[Wikipedia:Very good articles]] and are placed in [[:Category:Very good articles]]. Articles which are not accepted by the community as very good articles have their {{tl|vgood}} tag removed. Articles that are below the very good article criteria can be nominated to be a good article at [[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles]]. In order to make sure the article you are proposing meets the required size, use [[User:Phantomsteve/prosesize.js|this tool]]. Please notice that the ''text'' size is important, not the ''wikitext'' size. | style="border:1px solid #AAA; padding:1em; background-color:#EFE;" valign="top" | <span style="font-size:2em;">Joining the talk</span> If you choose to participate in the discussion process for promoting articles, it is very important that you know and understand the [[Wikipedia:Requirements for very good articles|criteria for very good articles]]. Discussing an article is a promise to the community that you have thoroughly read the criteria and the article in question. You should be prepared to fully explain the reasons for your comment. This process should not be taken lightly, and if there is concern that a user is not taking the process seriously and/or is commenting without reason, they may have their privilege to participate taken away. |} {{archive box collapsible|large=yes| *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 1|Archived requests (From June 2007 to September 2007)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 2|Archived requests (from October 2007 to June 2008)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 3|Archived requests (from July 2008 to August 2008)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 4|Archived requests (from September 2008 to January 2009)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 5|Archived requests (from February 2009 to April 2009)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 6|Archived requests (from May 2009 to August 2009)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 7|Archived requests (from September 2009 to February 2010)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 8|Archived requests (from March 2010 to January 2011)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 9|Archived requests (from February 2011 to June 2013)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 10|Archived requests (from July 2013 onwards)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 11|Archived requests (from June 2021 to December 2021)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 12|Archived requests (from November 2022 to September 2024)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 13|Archived requests (from December 2024 to 2025)]] }} ==Proposals for very good articles== To propose an article for Very Good article status, just add it to the '''top of the list''' using the code, filling out 'page title' and 'reason' with your proposed page's title and why you think this page should be a proposed article: <code>{{[[Template:Pgapropose|subst:Pgapropose]]|''page title''|''reason''}} <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code> You may have <u>''one'' nomination</u> open at a time only. Proposals run for three weeks. After this time the article will be either promoted or not promoted depending on the consensus reached in the discussion. ''This is '''not a vote''', so please do not use comments such as "Support" or "Oppose" only without giving constructive feedback.'' <!--List new proposals below this line, NEWEST NOMINATIONS AT THE TOP. --> == Proposals closed recently == ==Related pages== *[[Wikipedia:Requirements for very good articles]] *[[Wikipedia:Requirements for good articles]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed article demotion]] [[Category:Very good articles|*]] </noinclude> ll6gi1adoht28d2u7z5v416d457yg60 0 56404 10367989 10168234 2025-07-02T17:40:29Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10367989 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:City lights in motion.jpg|thumb|right|250px|City lights viewed in a [[motion blur]]red exposure. The AC blinking causes the lines to be dotted rather than continuous.]] An '''alternating current''' ('''AC''') is an [[electric current]] of which [[Magnitude (mathematics)|magnitude]] and direction vary, unlike [[direct current]], whose direction remains constant. This means that the direction of current flowing in a [[Electrical circuit|circuit]] is constantly being reversed back and forth. This is done with any type of AC [[voltage]] source. The usual [[waveform]] of an AC power circuit is a [[sine wave]], because this leads to the most efficient transmission of energy. However, in certain applications different [[waveform]]<nowiki/>s are used, such as triangular or square waves. Inexpensive power [[inverter]]s produce a square wave with a pause between the change in direction. When one speaks of alternating current one mostly refers to the form in which [[electricity]] is delivered to businesses and residences. The AC comes from a [[power plant]]. The direction of the electricity switches back 60 times every second (or 50 times in some parts of the world). This happens so fast that a [[light bulb]] does not stop glowing.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Electricity/alternatingcurrent.htm|title=Alternating current|access-date=24 May 2012|archive-date=21 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421171448/http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Electricity/alternatingcurrent.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Both [[Audio frequency|audio]] and [[Radio frequency|radio]] signals carried on electrical [[wire]] are also examples of alternating current. In these applications, an important goal is often the recovery of [[information]] encoded (or [[modulated]]) onto the AC signal. == History == [[Nikola Tesla]] experimented with electrical [[resonance]] and studied various lighting systems. He invented an induction motor, new types of generators and transformers, and a system of alternating current [[power transmission]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neuronet.pitt.edu/~bogdan/tesla/bio.htm|title=Nikola Tesla|date=1996|access-date=27 May 2012|archive-date=3 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303165511/http://www.neuronet.pitt.edu/~bogdan/tesla/bio.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[William Stanley, Jr.]] designed one of the first practical devices to transfer AC power efficiently between isolated circuits. Using pairs of coils wound on a common iron core, his design, called an [[induction coil]], was an early precursor of the modern [[transformer]]. The system used today was devised in the late nineteenth century, largely by Nikola Tesla. Contributions were also made by [[George Westinghouse]], [[Lucien Gaulard]], [[John Dixon Gibbs]],[[Wilhelm Siemens]] and [[Oliver Shallenger]]. AC systems overcame the limitations of the [[direct current]] system used by [[Thomas Edison]] to distribute electricity efficiently over long distances. The Mill Creek hydroelectric plant was built near [[Redlands, California]] in 1893. Designed by [[Almirian Decker]], it used 10,000 volt [[three-phase electric power]] which eventually became the standard method for [[power station]]<nowiki/>s throughout the world. ==How it Works== AC power is cheaper and easier to make electronic devices. The power switches for AC power are also less expensive to make. It is less expensive than DC because you can increase and decrease the current very easily. AC can use high voltages with smaller current to reduce losses when you send power. AC reduces the heating in the wires. DC power could be sent, but it would lose a lot of energy and you would have to put more work in it to send it great distances. AC transformers are installed everywhere, including atop utility poles and underground. Alternating current works by switching the current many times back and forth constantly while it goes back to the source it came from.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.physics4kids.com/files/elec_ac.html|title= Electricity & Magnetism: Alternating Current|date=1997–2012|access-date=25 May 2012}}</ref> == Further reading == * Willam A. Meyers, ''History and Reflections on the Way Things Were: Mill Creek Power Plant - Making History with AC'', IEEE Power Engineering Review, February 1997, Pages 22–24 == References == {{reflist}} ==Related pages== * [[Direct current]] * [[Electricity]] == Other websites == * [http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_2/chpt_1/1.html What is alternating current (AC)?] - on All About Circuits * "''AC/DC: [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/edison/sfeature/acdc.html What's the Difference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230231004/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/edison/sfeature/acdc.html |date=2014-12-30 }}?''". Edison's Miracle of Light, [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/index.html American Experience] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116002553/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/index.html |date=2009-01-16 }}. ([[PBS]]) * "''AC/DC: [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/edison/sfeature/acdc_insideacgenerator.html Inside the AC Generator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228182024/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/edison/sfeature/acdc_insideacgenerator.html |date=2014-12-28 }}''". Edison's Miracle of Light, American Experience. (PBS) * Kuphaldt, Tony R., "''Lessons In Electric Circuits : [http://www.faqs.org/docs/electric/AC/index.html Volume II - AC]''". March 8, 2003. (Design Science License) * Nave, C. R., "''[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/accircon.html Alternating Current Circuits Concepts]''". HyperPhysics. * "''[http://www.ndt.net/article/az/mpi/alternating_current.htm Alternating Current] (AC)''". Magnetic Particle Inspection, Nondestructive Testing Encyclopedia. * "''[http://www.apcs.net.au/nav/article/fg40400.html Alternating current] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051028183613/http://www.apcs.net.au/nav/article/fg40400.html |date=2005-10-28 }}''". Analog Process Control Services. * Hiob, Eric, "''[http://www.math.bcit.ca/examples/elex/trig_vectors/ An Application of Trigonometry and Vectors to Alternating Current]''". British Columbia Institute of Technology, 2004. * "''[http://www.tpub.com/neets/book2/index.htm Introduction to alternating current and transformers]''". Integrated Publishing. * "''Wind Energy Reference Manual Part 4: [http://www.windpower.org/en/stat/unitsac.htm Electricity] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830125006/http://www.windpower.org/EN/stat/unitsac.htm |date=2009-08-30 }}''". Danish Wind Industry Association, 2003. * Chan. Keelin, "''[http://www.jcphysics.com/toolbox_indiv.php?sub_id=17 Alternating current Tools] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029210445/http://www.jcphysics.com/ |date=2013-10-29 }}''". [http://www.jcphysics.com/ JC Physics], 2002. * "''[http://www.apcs.net.au/nav/kn/ff4050901.html Measurement -> ac] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050415055642/http://www.apcs.net.au/nav/kn/ff4050901.html |date=2005-04-15 }}''". Analog Process Control Services. * Williams, Trip "Kingpin", "''[http://www.alpharubicon.com/altenergy/understandingAC.htm Understanding Alternating Current], Some more power concepts''". * "''[http://salestores.com/worldvol.html Table of Voltage, Frequency, TV Broadcasting system, Radio Broadcasting, by Country] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919235226/http://salestores.com/worldvol.html |date=2008-09-19 }}''". * [http://www.technology.niagarac.on.ca/people/mcsele/Rankine.html Professor Mark Csele's tour of the 25 Hz Rankine generating station] * [http://www.henkpasman.com/id1.html 50/60 hertz information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908010657/http://www.henkpasman.com/id1.html |date=2008-09-08 }} * [http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/~jw/AC.html AC circuits] Animations and explanations of vector (phasor) representation of RLC circuits * Blalock, Thomas J., "''[http://www.ieee.org/organizations/pes/public/2003/sep/peshistory.html The Frequency Changer Era: Interconnecting Systems of Varying Cycles] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607042254/http://www.ieee.org/organizations/pes/public/2003/sep/peshistory.html |date=2007-06-07 }}''". The history of various frequencies and interconversion schemes in the US at the beginning of the 20th century * {{cite web|url=http://www.magnet.fsu.edu/education/tutorials/java/ac/|title=NationalHighMagneticFieldLaboratory-AlternatingCurrentTutorial|date=1995–2012|access-date=24 May 2012|archive-date=22 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722021556/http://www.magnet.fsu.edu/education/tutorials/java/ac/|url-status=dead}} [[Category:Electricity]] f145p2iin4a0w5b1vgqf1lo7hgia9f7 0 56437 10368007 10356191 2025-07-02T17:50:26Z NewAnimationMan 1014857 10368007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Company |company_name = 20th Century Studios |logo = 20th Century Studios (2020).svg |caption = |company_type = Subsidiary of [[The Walt Disney Company]] |owner = [[The Walt Disney Company]] |parent = The Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures (The Walt Disney Company) |foundation = {{start date|1935|5|31}},<ref name="Chronology">{{cite web | title = 20th Century Fox: Chronology | url = http://www.thestudiotour.com/fox/chronology.shtml | accessdate = February 20, 2010 }}</ref> by merger of Fox Films (founded in 1915) and 20th Century Pictures, Inc. (founded in 1933) |location_city = [[Century City]], Los Angeles, U.S. |key_people = |num_employees = |industry = Motion picture |products = Films |homepage = [https://www.20thcenturystudios.com/ 20thcenturystudios.com] }} This is a list of movies produced and/or distributed by the U.S. movie studio [[20th Century Studios]] (formerly 20th Century Fox). The company was founded on May 31, 1935 as a merger between [[20th Century Fox#Fox Film Corporation|Fox Film Corporation]]{{Broken anchor|date=2024-05-28|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=20th Century Fox#Fox Film Corporation|reason= }} and [[20th Century Fox#20th Century Pictures|20th Century Pictures]]{{Broken anchor|date=2024-05-28|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=20th Century Fox#20th Century Pictures|reason= }}. For the movies of those two companies, see [[List of pre-1940 Fox films]] and [[List of 20th Century Pictures films]]. Those marked with an <nowiki>*</nowiki> are available in the [[public domain]]. ==1910s== * ''[[Regeneration (1915 movie)|Regeneration]]''* (1915) * ''[[Cleopatra (1917 movie)|Cleopatra]]''* (1917, a legendary [[lost movie]]) ==1920s== * ''[[The Lights of New York]]''* (1922, with [[Technicolor]] sequences) * ''[[Madness of Youth]]''* (1923, with [[Technicolor]] sequences) * ''[[Circus Cowboy]]''* (1924) * ''[[The Iron Horse (movie)|The Iron Horse]]''* (1924) * ''[[Fig Leaves]]''* (1926, with [[Technicolor]] sequences) * ''[[The Cowboy and The Countess]]''* (1926) * ''[[Yankee Senor]]''* (1926, with [[Technicolor]] sequences) * ''[[Hell's Four Hundred]]''* (1926, with [[Technicolor]] sequences) * ''[[The Joy Girl]]''* (1927, with [[Technicolor]] sequences) * ''[[Seventh Heaven (1927 movie)|Seventh Heaven]]''* (1927) (1927/28 Academy Award winner, Best Actress Janet Gaynor) * ''[[Sunrise (movie)|Sunrise]]''* (1927), one of the first movies in the sound-on-movie system Fox [[Movietone]]; only the musical score was heard. 1927/28 Academy Award winner, Best Actress Janet Gaynor) * ''[[None But the Brave (1928 movie)|None But the Brave]]''* (1928, with [[Technicolor]] sequences) * ''[[Street Angel (1928 movie)|Street Angel]]''* (1928) (1927/28 Academy Award winner, Best Actress Janet Gaynor) * ''[[In Old Arizona]]''* (1928, Fox's first all-talkie, Academy Award winner) (1928/29 Academy Award winner, Best Actor Warner Baxter) * ''[[Fox Movietone Follies of 1929]]''* (1929, with [[Multicolor]] sequences) * ''[[Married in Hollywood]]''* (1929, with [[Multicolor]] sequences) * ''[[Sunny Side Up (movie)|Sunny Side Up]]''* (1929, with [[Multicolor]] sequences) * ''[[Hearts in Dixie (movie)|Hearts in Dixie]]''* (1929, black and white) * ''[[The Cock-Eyed World]]''* (1929, black and white) ==1930s== * ''[[New Movietone Follies of 1930]]'' (1930, with [[Multicolor]] sequences) * ''[[Happy Days (1929 movie)|Happy Days]]'' (1930) * ''[[Are You There?]]'' (1930) * ''[[High Society Blues]]'' (1930) * ''[[Just Imagine]]'' (1930) * ''[[The Big Trail]]'' (1930) * ''[[Song O' My Heart]]'' (1930) * ''[[Cameo Kirby]]'' (1930) * ''[[Cheer Up and Smile]]'' (1930) * ''[[Man Trouble (1930 movie)|Man Trouble]]'' (1930) * ''[[Liliom (1930 movie)|Liliom]]'' (1930) * ''[[Delicious (1931 movie)|Delicious]]'' (1931, with [[Multicolor]] sequences) * ''[[East Lynne (1931 movie)|East Lynne]]'' (1931) * ''[[Charlie Chan Carries On (movie)|Charlie Chan Carries On]]'' (1931) * ''[[A Connecticut Yankee (1931 movie)|A Connecticut Yankee]]'' (non-musical version, with [[Will Rogers]]) (1931) * ''[[Doctors' Wives (1931 movie)|Doctors' Wives]]'' (1931) * ''[[Charlie Chan's Chance]]'' (1932) * ''[[Call Her Savage]]'' (1932) * ''[[Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm (1932 movie)|Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm]]'' (1932) * ''[[Tess of the Storm Country (1932 movie)|Tess of the Storm Country]]'' (1932) * ''[[Berkeley Square (movie)|Berkeley Square]]'' (1933) * ''[[Hoop-La]]'' (1933) * ''[[Cavalcade (1933 movie)|Cavalcade]]'' (1932/33, Academy Award winner, "Best Picture") * ''[[State Fair (1933 movie)|State Fair]]'' (1933) (non-musical version, with [[Will Rogers]]) * ''[[Grand Canary (movie)|Grand Canary]]'' (1934) * ''[[Stand Up and Cheer!]]'' (1934) * ''[[Bright Eyes (movie)|Bright Eyes]]'' (1934) a miniature [[Academy Award]] was given to Shirley Temple for this film * ''[[Judge Priest]]'' (1934) * ''[[Bottoms Up (1934 movie)|Bottoms Up]]'' (1934) * ''[[Charlie Chan in Paris]]'' (1935) * ''[[The Little Colonel]]'' (1935) * ''[[Charlie Chan in Egypt]]'' (1935) * ''[[Curly Top]]'' (1935) * ''[[Charlie Chan in Shanghai]]'' (1935) * ''[[Dante's Inferno (1935 movie)|Dante's Inferno]]'' (1935) * ''[[Music Is Magic]]'' (1935) * ''[[The Littlest Rebel]]'' (1935) * ''[[King of Burlesque]]'' (1936) * ''[[Captain January (1936 movie)|Captain January]]'' (1936) * ''[[Sins of Man]]'' (1936) * ''[[Poor Little Rich Girl]]'' (1936) * ''[[Sing, Baby, Sing]]'' (1936) * ''[[Ramona (1936 movie)|Ramona]]'' (1936, Fox's first all-Technicolor feature movie) * ''[[Dimples (movie)|Dimples]]'' (1936) * ''[[Ladies in Love]]'' (1936) * ''[[Under Your Spell (movie)|Under Your Spell]]'' (1936) * ''[[Lloyd's of London (movie)|Lloyd's of London]]'' (1936) * ''[[Stowaway (1936 movie)|Stowaway]]'' (1936) * ''[[One in a Million (1936 movie)|One in a Million]]'' (1936/37) * ''[[On the Avenue]]'' (1937) * ''[[Love Is News]]'' (1937) * ''[[Café Metropole]]'' (1937) * ''[[Fifty Roads to Town]]'' (1937) * ''[[You Can't Have Everything]]'' (1937) * ''[[Wake Up and Live]]'' (1937) * ''[[Thin Ice (1937 movie)|Thin Ice]]'' (1937) * ''[[Danger - Love at Work]]'' (1937) * ''[[Heidi (1937 movie)|Heidi]]'' (1937) * ''[[Second Honeymoon (movie)|Second Honeymoon]]'' (1937) * ''[[Love Under Fire]]'' (1937/38) * ''[[In Old Chicago]]'' (1937/38) * ''[[Happy Landing (1938 movie)|Happy Landing]]'' (1938) * ''[[Sally, Irene and Mary (1938 movie)|Sally, Irene and Mary]]'' (1938) * ''[[Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm]]'' (1938) * ''[[Josette (1938 movie)|Josette]]'' (1938) * ''[[Little Miss Broadway]]'' (1938) * ''[[Gateway (movie)|Gateway]]'' (1938) * ''[[Alexander's Ragtime Band]]'' (1938) * ''[[Suez (movie)|Suez]]'' (1938) * ''[[Jesse James (movie)|Jesse James]]'' (1939) * ''[[The Three Musketeers (1939 movie)|The Three Musketeers]]'' (1939) * ''[[Tail Spin]]'' (1939) * ''The Gorilla''* (1939) * ''[[The Little Princess]]''* (1939) * ''[[Midnight (1939 movie)|Midnight]]'' (1939) * ''[[The Story of Alexander Graham Bell]]'' (1939) * ''[[Rose of Washington Square]]'' (1939) * ''[[Second Fiddle (1939 movie)|Second Fiddle]]'' (1939) * ''[[The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (movie)|The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes]]'' (1939) * ''[[The Rains Came]]'' (1939) * ''[[Hollywood Cavalcade]]'' (1939) * ''[[Day-Time Wife]]'' (1939) * ''[[Barricade (1939 movie)|Barricade]]'' (1939) ==1940s== * ''[[Swanee River (movie)|Swanee River]]'' (1940) * ''[[The Grapes of Wrath (movie)|The Grapes of Wrath]]'' (1940) * ''[[Little Old New York]]'' (1940) * ''[[Johnny Apollo (movie)|Johnny Apollo]]'' (1940) * ''[[Lillian Russell (movie)|Lillian Russell]]'' (1940) * ''[[Four Sons (1940 movie)|Four Sons]]'' (1940) * ''[[The Return of Frank James]]'' (1940) * ''[[The Mark of Zorro (1940 movie)|The Mark of Zorro]]'' (1940) * ''[[Tin Pan Alley (movie)|Tin Pan Alley]]'' (1940) * ''[[Down Argentine Way]]'' (1940) * ''[[Brigham Young (movie)|Brigham Young]]'' (1940) * ''[[Hudson's Bay (movie)|Hudson's Bay]]'' (1941) * ''[[Tobacco Road (movie)|Tobacco Road]]'' (1941) * ''[[That Night in Rio]]'' (1941) * ''[[The Great American Broadcast]]'' (1941) * ''[[Blood and Sand (1941 movie)|Blood and Sand]]'' (1941) * ''[[Moon Over Miami (movie)|Moon Over Miami]]'' (1941) * ''[[Kiss the Boys Goodbye]]'' (1941) * ''[[Belle Starr (movie)|Belle Starr]]'' (1941) * ''[[A Yank in the RAF]]'' (1941) * ''[[The Feminine Touch (1941 movie)|The Feminine Touch]]'' (1941) * ''[[Week-End in Havana]]'' (1941) * ''[[How Green Was My Valley (movie)|How Green Was My Valley]]'' (1941) * ''[[Sundown (movie)|Sundown]]'' (1941) * ''[[I Wake Up Screaming]]'' (1941) * ''[[Confirm or Deny]]'' (1941) * ''[[Remember the Day]]'' (1941) * ''[[The Shanghai Gesture]]'' (1941) * ''[[Son of Fury: The Story of Benjamin Blake]]'' (1942) * ''[[Rings on Her Fingers]]'' (1942) * ''[[My Gal Sal]]'' (1942) * ''[[This Above All]]'' (1942) * ''[[The Magnificent Dope]]'' (1942) * ''[[Tales of Manhattan]]'' (1942) * ''[[Orchestra Wives]]'' (1942) * ''[[Song of the Islands]]'' (1942) * ''[[Footlight Serenade]]'' (1942) * ''[[Girl Trouble (1942 movie)|Girl Trouble]]'' (1942) * ''[[The Pied Piper (1942 movie)|The Pied Piper]]'' (1942) * ''[[Thunder Birds (1942 movie)|Thunder Birds]]'' (1942) * ''[[Springtime in the Rockies]]'' (1942) * ''[[The Black Swan (movie)|The Black Swan]]'' (1942) * ''[[China Girl (1942 movie)|China Girl]]'' (1942) * ''[[Hello, Frisco, Hello]]'' (1943) * ''[[The Song of Bernadette]]'' (1943) * ''[[Crash Dive]]'' (1943) * ''[[The Ox-Bow Incident]]'' (1943) * ''[[Coney Island (1943 movie)|Coney Island]]'' (1943) * ''[[Heaven Can Wait (1943 movie)|Heaven Can Wait]]'' (1943) * ''[[Happy Land (movie)|Happy Land]]'' (1943) * ''[[The Gang's All Here (1943 movie)|The Gang's All Here]]'' (1943) * ''[[My Friend Flicka]]'' (1943) * ''[[Sweet Rosie O'Grady]]'' (1943) * ''[[Jane Eyre (1944 movie)|Jane Eyre]]'' (1944) * ''[[Four Jills in a Jeep]]'' (1944) * ''[[Pin Up Girl (movie)|Pin Up Girl]]'' (1944) * ''[[Wing and a Prayer]]'' (1944) * ''[[Wilson (movie)|Wilson]]'' (1944) * ''[[In the Meantime, Darling]]'' (1944) * ''[[The Big Noise]]'' (1944) * ''[[Greenwich Village (1944 movie)|Greenwich Village]]'' (1944) * ''[[Laura (movie)|Laura]]'' (1944) * ''[[The Keys of the Kingdom (movie)|The Keys of the Kingdom]]'' (1944) * ''[[A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (movie)|A Tree Grows in Brooklyn]]'' (1945) * ''[[Thunderhead, Son of Flicka (movie)|Thunderhead, Son of Flicka]]'' (1945) * ''[[Diamond Horseshoe]]'' (1945) * ''[[A Bell for Adano]]'' (1945) * ''[[State Fair (1945 movie)|State Fair]]'' (1945) * ''[[Fallen Angel (1945 movie)|Fallen Angel]]'' (1945) * ''[[The Dolly Sisters]]'' (1945) * ''[[Leave Her to Heaven]]'' (1945) - Fox's highest-grossing movie of the 1940s * ''[[Dragonwyck (movie)|Dragonwyck]]'' (1946) * ''[[Anna and the King of Siam (movie)|Anna and the King of Siam]]'' (1946) * ''[[My Darling Clementine]]'' (1946) * ''[[The Razor's Edge]]'' (1946) * ''[[The Shocking Miss Pilgrim]]'' (1947) * ''[[Miracle on 34th Street]]'' (1947) (and 1994 remake) * ''[[The Ghost and Mrs. Muir]]'' (1947) * ''[[Kiss of Death (1947 movie)|Kiss of Death]]'' (1947) (plus 1995 remake) * ''[[Mother Wore Tights]]'' (1947) * ''[[Nightmare Alley (movie)|Nightmare Alley]]'' (1947) * ''[[Gentleman's Agreement]]'' (1947) * ''[[Captain from Castile]]'' (1947) * ''[[The Iron Curtain (movie)|The Iron Curtain]]'' (1948) * ''[[Green Grass of Wyoming]]'' (1948) * ''[[The Luck of the Irish (1948 movie)|The Luck of the Irish]]'' (1948) * ''[[That Lady in Ermine]]'' (1948) * ''[[The Snake Pit]]'' (1948) * ''[[When My Baby Smiles at Me]]'' (1948) * ''[[That Wonderful Urge]]'' (1948) * ''[[Chicken Every Sunday]]'' (1949) * ''[[A Letter to Three Wives]]'' (1949) * ''[[The Beautiful Blonde from Bashful Bend]]'' (1949) * ''[[Whirlpool (movie)|Whirlpool]]'' (1949) * ''[[Twelve O'Clock High]]'' (1949) * ''[[Prince of Foxes (movie)|Prince of Foxes]]'' (1949) ==1950s== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Title ! Release Date |- | ''[[When Willie Comes Marching Home]]'' || rowspan=2| February 17, 1950 |- | ''[[Dakota Lil]]'' |- | ''[[Three Came Home]]'' || February 20, 1950 |- | ''[[Mother Didn't Tell Me]]'' || March 3, 1950 |- | ''[[Under My Skin (movie)|Under My Skin]]'' || March 17, 1950 |- | ''[[Wabash Avenue (movie)|Wabash Avenue]]'' || March 31, 1950 |- | ''[[Cheaper by the Dozen (1950 movie)|Cheaper by the Dozen]]'' || April 17, 1950 |- | ''[[The Big Lift]]'' || April 26, 1950 |- | ''[[A Ticket to Tomahawk]]'' || May 19, 1950 |- | ''[[Love That Brute]]'' || June 6, 1950 |- | ''[[Night and the City]]'' || June 9, 1950 |- | ''[[Panic in the Streets (movie)|Panic in the Streets]]'' || June 12, 1950 |- | ''[[The Gunfighter]]'' || June 23, 1950 |- | ''[[Where the Sidewalk Ends]]'' || June 26, 1950 |- | ''[[Stella (1950 movie)|Stella]]'' || July 20, 1950 |- | ''[[Broken Arrow (1950 movie)|Broken Arrow]]'' || July 21, 1950 |- | ''[[The Cariboo Trail]]'' || August 1, 1950 |- | ''[[No Way Out (1950 movie)|No Way Out]]'' || August 16, 1950 |- | ''[[The Black Rose]]'' || September 1, 1950 |- | ''[[Farewell to Yesterday]]'' || September 2, 1950 |- | ''[[My Blue Heaven (1950 movie)|My Blue Heaven]]'' || September 15, 1950 |- | ''[[The Glass Menagerie (1950 movie)|The Glass Menagerie]]'' || September 28, 1950 |- | ''[[Mister 880]]'' || September 29, 1950 |- | ''[[I'll Get By (movie)|I'll Get By]]'' || October 2, 1950 |- | ''[[Two Flags West]]'' || October 12, 1950 |- | ''[[All About Eve]]'' || October 13, 1950 |- | ''[[The Jackpot]]'' || November 1, 1950 |- | ''[[American Guerrilla in the Philippines]]'' || November 8, 1950 |- | ''[[The Fireball]]'' || November 9, 1950 |- | ''[[The Mudlark]]'' || November 28, 1950 |- | ''[[For Heaven's Sake (1950 movie)|For Heaven's Sake]]'' || December 15, 1950 |- | ''[[The Man Who Cheated Himself]]'' || December 26, 1950 |- | ''[[Halls of Montezuma (1951 movie)|Halls of Montezuma]]'' || January 4, 1951 |- | ''[[Call Me Mister (movie)|Call Me Mister]]'' || January 31, 1951 |- | ''[[Of Men and Music]]'' || February 14, 1951 |- | ''[[I'd Climb the Highest Mountain]]'' || February 17, 1951 |- | ''[[The 13th Letter]]'' || February 21, 1951 |- | ''[[You're in the Navy Now]]'' || February 23, 1951 |- | ''[[I'll Get You for This]]'' || March 3, 1951 |- | ''[[The Sword of Monte Cristo]]'' || March 3, 1951 |- | ''[[Fourteen Hours]]'' || March 6, 1951 |- | ''[[Bird of Paradise (1951 movie)|Bird of Paradise]]'' || March 14, 1951 |- | ''[[Rawhide (1951 movie)|Rawhide]]'' || March 25, 1951 |- | ''[[Dieu a besoin des hommes]]'' || March 26, 1951 |- | ''[[I Can Get It for You Wholesale (movie)|I Can Get It for You Wholesale]]'' || April 5, 1951 |- | ''[[On the Riviera]]'' || April 20, 1951 |- | ''[[Follow the Sun]]'' || April 25, 1951 |- | ''[[Half Angel]]'' || May 5, 1951 |- | ''[[The House on Telegraph Hill]]'' || May 12, 1951 |- | ''[[The Frogmen]]'' || June 29, 1951 |- | ''[[Take Care of My Little Girl]]'' || July 18, 1951 |- | ''[[Mr. Belvedere Rings the Bell]]'' || August 1, 1951 |- | ''[[As Young as You Feel]]'' || August 2, 1951 |- | ''[[The Secret of Convict Lake]]'' || August 3, 1951 |- | ''[[David and Bathsheba]]'' || August 10, 1951 |- | ''[[Meet Me After the Show]]'' || August 15, 1951 |- | ''[[The Guy Who Came Back]]'' || August 16, 1951 |- | ''[[People Will Talk]]'' || August 29, 1951 |- | ''[[A Millionaire for Christy]]'' || September 2, 1951 |- | ''[[A Streetcar Named Desire (1951 movie)|A Streetcar Named Desire]]'' || September 18, 1951 |- | ''[[No Highway in the Sky]]'' || September 21, 1951 |- | ''[[Journey Into Light]]'' || rowspan=2| September 28, 1951 |- | ''[[The Day the Earth Stood Still]]'' |- | ''[[Love Nest]]'' || October 10, 1951 |- | ''[[The Desert Fox: The Story of Rommel]]'' || October 17, 1951 |- | ''[[Anne of the Indies]]'' || October 18, 1951 |- | ''[[The Model and the Marriage Broker]]'' || November 1951 |- | ''[[Golden Girl (1951 movie)|Golden Girl]]'' || November 1, 1951 |- | ''[[Let's Make It Legal]]'' || November 6, 1951 |- | ''[[Fixed Bayonets!]]'' || November 20, 1951 |- | ''[[Elopement (movie)|Elopement]]'' || November 23, 1951 |- | ''[[The Girl on the Bridge (1951 movie)|The Girl on the Bridge]]'' || December 1951 |- | ''[[I'll Never Forget You (movie)|I'll Never Forget You]]'' || December 7, 1951 |- | ''[[Decision Before Dawn]]'' || December 21, 1951 |- | ''[[Red Skies of Montana]]'' || January 23, 1952 |- | ''[[Rose of Cimarron (1952 movie)|Rose of Cimarron]]'' || January 28, 1952 |- | ''[[Japanese War Bride]]'' || January 29, 1952 |- | ''[[Phone Call from a Stranger]]'' || February 1, 1952 |- | ''[[Viva Zapata!]]'' || February 7, 1952 |- | ''[[Return of the Texan]]'' || February 13, 1952 |- | ''[[5 Fingers]]'' || February 22, 1952 |- | ''[[Deadline - U.S.A.]]'' || March 14, 1952 |- | ''[[With a Song in My Heart]]'' || April 4, 1952 |- | ''[[The Pride of St. Louis]]'' || rowspan=2| May 2, 1952 |- | ''[[Belles on Their Toes (movie)|Belles on Their Toes]]'' |- | ''[[The Outcasts of Poker Flat (1952 movie)|The Outcasts of Poker Flat]]'' || rowspan=2| May 16, 1952 |- | ''[[Kangaroo (1952 movie)|Kangaroo]]'' |- | ''[[Lydia Bailey]]'' || June 2, 1952 |- | ''[[Diplomatic Courier]]'' || June 13, 1952 |- | ''[[Wait Till the Sun Shines, Nellie (movie)|Wait Till the Sun Shines, Nellie]]'' || June 27, 1952 |- | ''[[Lady in the Iron Mask]]'' || July 4, 1952 |- | ''[[We're Not Married!]]'' || July 11, 1952 |- | ''[[Don't Bother to Knock]]'' || July 18, 1952 |- | ''[[What Price Glory? (1952 movie)|What Price Glory?]]'' || July 25, 1952 |- | ''[[Dreamboat (movie)|Dreamboat]]'' || July 26, 1952 |- | ''[[O. Henry's Full House|Full House]]'' || August 7, 1952 |- | ''[[Les Misérables (1952 movie)|Les Misérables]]'' || August 14, 1952 |- | ''[[Monkey Business (1952 movie)|Monkey Business]]'' || September 5, 1952 |- | ''[[The Snows of Kilimanjaro (movie)|The Snows of Kilimanjaro]]''* || September 17, 1952 |- | ''[[Night Without Sleep]]'' || September 26, 1952 |- | ''[[My Wife's Best Friend]]'' || October 10, 1952 |- | ''[[Way of a Gaucho]]'' || October 16, 1952 |- | ''[[The Steel Trap]]'' || November 12, 1952 |- | ''[[Bloodhounds of Broadway (1952 movie)|Bloodhounds of Broadway]]'' || rowspan=2| November 14, 1952 |- | ''[[Something for the Birds]]'' |- | ''[[The Thief of Venice]]'' || November 27, 1952 |- | ''[[My Pal Gus]]'' || December 1, 1952 |- | ''[[The Star (1952 movie)|The Star]]'' || December 11, 1952 |- | ''[[Pony Soldier]]'' || December 19, 1952 |- | ''[[Stars and Stripes Forever (movie)|Stars and Stripes Forever]]'' || December 22, 1952 |- | ''[[My Cousin Rachel (movie)|My Cousin Rachel]]'' || December 24, 1952 |- | ''[[Ruby Gentry]]'' || December 25, 1952 |- | ''[[The I Don't Care Girl]]'' || January 14, 1953 |- | ''[[Niagara (movie)|Niagara]]'' || January 21, 1953 |- | ''[[Taxi (1953 movie)|Taxi]]'' || January 21, 1953 |- | ''[[Tonight We Sing]]'' || January 26, 1953 |- | ''[[The Silver Whip]]'' || February 1953 |- | ''[[Treasure of the Golden Condor]]'' || February 4, 1953 |- | ''[[Down Among the Sheltering Palms (movie)|Down Among the Sheltering Palms]]'' || March 1, 1953 |- | ''[[Destination Gobi]]'' || March 20, 1953 |- | ''[[Call Me Madam (movie)|Call Me Madam]]'' || March 25, 1953 |- | ''[[Man on a Tightrope]]'' || April 1, 1953 |- | ''[[Titanic (1953 movie)|Titanic]]'' || April 18, 1953 |- | ''[[Invaders from Mars (1953 movie)|Invaders from Mars]]'' || April 22, 1953 |- | ''[[The Seven Deadly Sins (1952 movie)|The Seven Deadly Sins]]'' || May 11, 1953 |- | ''[[The Girl Next Door (1953 movie)|The Girl Next Door]]'' || May 13, 1953 |- | ''[[The Desert Rats (movie)|The Desert Rats]]'' || May 8, 1953 |- | ''[[The Glory Brigade]]'' || May 20, 1953 |- | ''[[The President's Lady]]'' || May 21, 1953 |- | ''[[Powder River (movie)|Powder River]]'' || June 8, 1953 |- | ''[[The Farmer Takes a Wife (1953 movie)|The Farmer Takes a Wife]]'' || June 12, 1953 |- | ''[[The Kid from Left Field]]'' || July 1953 |- | ''[[White Witch Doctor]]'' || July 1, 1953 |- | ''[[Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (movie)|Gentlemen Prefer Blondes]]'' || July 18, 1953 |- | ''[[A Blueprint for Murder]]'' || July 24, 1953 |- | ''[[Sailor of the King]]'' || July 25, 1953 |- | ''[[Dangerous Crossing]]'' || August 1953 |- | ''[[Inferno (1953 movie)|Inferno]]'' || August 12, 1953 |- | ''[[Mister Scoutmaster]]'' || September 2, 1953 |- | ''[[Vicki (movie)|Vicki]]'' || September 7, 1953 |- | ''[[City of Bad Men]]'' || September 11, 1953 |- | ''[[The Robe (movie)|The Robe]]'' || September 16, 1953 |- | ''[[Thy Neighbor's Wife (movie)|Thy Neighbor's Wife]]'' || September 23, 1953 |- | ''[[How to Marry a Millionaire]]'' || November 5, 1953 |- | ''[[Man Crazy (movie)|Man Crazy]]'' || December 2, 1953 |- | ''[[Beneath the 12-Mile Reef]]'' || December 2, 1953 |- | ''[[King of the Khyber Rifles (movie)|King of the Khyber Rifles]]'' || December 22, 1953 |- | ''[[Man in the Attic]]'' || December 23, 1953 |- | ''[[Miss Robin Crusoe]]'' || 1954 |- | ''[[Three Young Texans]]'' || January 1954 |- | ''[[Hell and High Water (movie)|Hell and High Water]]'' || February 6, 1954 |- | ''[[Racing Blood]]'' || March 3, 1954 |- | ''[[New Faces (movie)|New Faces]]'' || March 6, 1954 |- | ''[[Night People (movie)|Night People]]'' || March 12, 1954 |- | ''[[The Rocket Man]]'' || April 1954 |- | ''[[Prince Valiant (movie)|Prince Valiant]]'' || April 5, 1954 |- | ''[[River of No Return]]'' || April 30, 1954 |- | ''[[Gorilla at Large]]'' || May 1954 |- | ''[[Siege at Red River]]'' || May 1, 1954 |- | ''[[Out of This World (1954 movie)|Out of This World]]'' || May 4, 1954 |- | ''[[The Barefoot Battalion]]'' || May 28, 1954 |- | ''[[Three Coins in the Fountain (movie)|Three Coins in the Fountain]]'' || June 2, 1954 |- | ''[[Princess of the Nile]]'' || June 11, 1954 |- | ''[[Demetrius and the Gladiators]]'' || June 18, 1954 |- | ''[[The Royal Tour of Queen Elizabeth and Philip]]'' || June 21, 1954 |- | ''[[Garden of Evil]]'' || July 9, 1954 |- | ''[[The Raid]]'' || August 4, 1954 |- | ''[[The Gambler from Natchez]]'' || August 4, 1954 |- | ''[[The Egyptian (movie)|The Egyptian]]'' || August 24, 1954 |- | ''[[Broken Lance]]'' || September 25, 1954 |- | ''[[Woman's World (movie)|Woman's World]]'' || September 30, 1954 |- | ''[[The Adventures of Hajji Baba]]'' || October 1, 1954 |- | ''[[Carmen Jones (movie)|Carmen Jones]]'' || October 28, 1954 |- | ''[[Black Widow (1954 movie)|Black Widow]]'' || October 28, 1954 |- | ''[[Outlaw's Daughter]]'' || November 1, 1954 |- | ''[[Black 13]]'' || November 7, 1954 |- | ''[[Desiree (1954 movie)|Desiree]]'' || November 17, 1954 |- | ''[[The Other Woman (1954 movie)|The Other Woman]]'' || December 2, 1954 |- | ''[[Devil's Harbor]]'' || December 7, 1954 |- | ''[[There's No Business Like Show Business (movie)|There's No Business Like Show Business]]'' || December 16, 1954 |- | ''[[Prince of Players]]'' || January 11, 1955 |- | ''[[The Racers]]'' || February 4, 1955 |- | ''[[White Feather (movie)|White Feather]]'' || February 16, 1955 |- | ''[[Untamed (1955 movie)|Untamed]]'' || March 1, 1955 |- | ''[[A Man Called Peter]]'' || March 31, 1955 |- | ''[[Violent Saturday]]'' || April 1955 |- | ''[[Daddy Long Legs (1955 movie)|Daddy Long Legs]]'' || May 5, 1955 |- | ''[[That Lady]]'' || May 11, 1955 |- | ''[[Green Magic]]'' || May 16, 1955 |- | ''[[Our Girl Friday]]'' || May 17, 1955 |- | ''[[The Magnificent Matador]]'' || May 24, 1955 |- | ''[[Soldier of Fortune (movie)|Soldier of Fortune]]'' || May 27, 1955 |- | ''[[Angela (1954 movie)|Angela]]'' || June 3, 1955 |- | ''[[The Seven Year Itch]]'' || June 3, 1955 |- | ''[[House of Bamboo]]'' || July 1, 1955 |- | ''[[A Life in the Balance]]'' || July 1, 1955 |- | ''[[The Virgin Queen (movie)|The Virgin Queen]]'' || July 22, 1955 |- | ''[[How to Be Very, Very Popular]]'' || July 22, 1955 |- | ''[[Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing (movie)|Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing]]'' || August 18, 1955 |- | ''[[The Left Hand of God]]'' || September 21, 1955 |- | ''[[Seven Cities of Gold (movie)|Seven Cities of Gold]]'' || September 21, 1955 |- | ''[[The Tall Men (movie)|The Tall Men]]'' || September 22, 1955 |- | ''[[The Girl in the Red Velvet Swing]]'' || October 1, 1955 |- | ''[[Oklahoma! (movie)|Oklahoma!]]'' || October 11, 1955 |- | ''[[The Deep Blue Sea (movie)|The Deep Blue Sea]]'' || October 13, 1955 |- | ''[[The View from Pompey's Head]]'' || November 4, 1955 |- | ''[[Good Morning, Miss Dove]]'' || November 23, 1955 |- | ''[[The Rains of Ranchipur]]'' || December 14, 1955 |- | ''[[The Lieutenant Wore Skirts]]'' || January 11, 1956 |- | ''[[The Bottom of the Bottle]]'' || February 1, 1956 |- | ''[[Carousel (1956 movie)|Carousel]]'' || February 16, 1956 |- | ''[[On the Threshold of Space]]'' || March 29, 1956 |- | ''[[Mohawk (movie)|Mohawk]]'' || April 1, 1956 |- | ''[[The Man Who Never Was]]'' || April 3, 1956 |- | ''[[The Proud Ones]]'' || May 1956 |- | ''[[The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit]]'' || May 8, 1956 |- | ''[[Hilda Crane]]'' || May 8, 1956 |- | ''[[The Revolt of Mamie Stover (movie)|The Revolt of Mamie Stover]]'' || May 11, 1956 |- | ''[[23 Paces to Baker Street]]'' || May 18, 1956 |- | ''[[D-Day the Sixth of June]]'' || May 29, 1956 |- | ''[[Abdullah's Harem]]'' || June 1956 |- | ''[[Massacre (movie)|Massacre]]'' || June 1, 1956 |- | ''[[Smiley (movie)|Smiley]]'' || June 12, 1956 |- | ''[[The King and I (1956 movie)|The King and I]]'' || June 28, 1956 |- | ''[[Bigger Than Life]]'' || August 2, 1956 |- | ''[[The Queen of Babylon]]'' || August 10, 1956 |- | ''[[Bus Stop (movie)|Bus Stop]]'' || August 31, 1956 |- | ''[[The Last Wagon (1956 movie)|The Last Wagon]]'' || September 21, 1956 |- | ''[[The Best Things in Life Are Free (movie)|The Best Things in Life Are Free]]'' || September 28, 1956 |- | ''[[Between Heaven and Hell (movie)|Between Heaven and Hell]]'' || October 11, 1956 |- | ''[[The Desperados Are in Town]]'' || November 1956 |- | ''[[Teenage Rebel]]'' || November 1, 1956 |- | ''[[Love Me Tender (1956 movie)|Love Me Tender]]'' || November 15, 1956 |- | ''[[Three Brave Men]]'' || December 1956 |- | ''[[The Women of Pitcairn Island]]'' || December 1956 |- | ''[[The Black Whip]]'' || December 1956 |- | ''[[The Girl Can't Help It]]'' || December 1, 1956 |- | ''[[Stagecoach to Fury]]'' || December 13, 1956 |- | ''[[Anastasia (1956 movie)|Anastasia]]'' || December 13, 1956 |- | ''[[The Quiet Gun]]'' || January 1957 |- | ''[[Oh, Men! Oh, Women!]]'' || February 22, 1957 |- | ''[[The Storm Rider]]'' || March 1957 |- | ''[[Lost Continent (1954 movie)|Lost Continent]]'' || March 11, 1957 |- | ''[[Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison]]'' || March 13, 1957 |- | ''[[Break in the Circle]]'' || April 1957 |- | ''[[She Devil|The Adaptive Ultimate]]'' || April 1957 |- | ''[[Kronos (movie)|Kronos]]'' || April 1957 |- | ''[[The River's Edge]]'' || April 11, 1957 |- | ''[[Oasis (1955 movie)|Oasis]]'' || April 17, 1957 |- | ''[[Boy on a Dolphin]]'' || April 19, 1957 |- | ''[[The Restless Breed]]'' || May 1957 |- | ''[[Lure of the Swamp]]'' || May 1957 |- | ''[[Desk Set]]'' || May 1, 1957 |- | ''[[Badlands of Montana]]'' || May 1, 1957 |- | ''[[The Way to the Gold]]'' || May 10, 1957 |- | ''[[The True Story of Jesse James]]'' || May 22, 1957 |- | ''[[China Gate (movie)|China Gate]]'' || May 22, 1957 |- | ''[[The Wayward Bus (movie)|The Wayward Bus]]'' || May 27, 1957 |- | ''[[Reluctant Bride|Two Grooms for a Bride]]'' || June 1957 |- | ''[[Island in the Sun (movie)|Island in the Sun]]'' || June 12, 1957 |- | ''[[The Abductors]]'' || July 1957 |- | ''[[God Is My Partner]]'' || July 1957 |- | ''[[Apache Warrior]]'' || July 1957 |- | ''[[An Affair to Remember]]'' || July 11, 1957 |- | ''[[A Hatful of Rain]]'' || July 17, 1957 |- | ''[[Bernardine (movie)|Bernardine]]'' || July 24, 1957 |- | ''[[Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?]]'' || July 29, 1957 |- | ''[[Hell on Devil's Island]]'' || August 1957 |- | ''[[The Unknown Terror]]'' || August 12, 1957 |- | ''[[Back from the Dead (movie)|Back from the Dead]]'' || August 12, 1957 |- | ''[[The Sun Also Rises (1957 movie)|The Sun Also Rises]]'' || Auguust 23, 1957 |- | ''[[Forty Guns]]'' || September 1957 |- | ''[[Copper Sky]]'' || September 1957 |- | ''[[The Deerslayer (1957 movie)|The Deerslayer]]'' || September 10, 1957 |- | ''[[Under Fire (1957 movie)|Under Fire]]'' || September 23, 1957 |- | ''[[The Three Faces of Eve]]'' || September 23, 1957 |- | ''[[The Abominable Snowman (movie)|The Abominable Snowman]]'' || October 1957 |- | ''[[Ghost Diver]]'' || October 1957 |- | ''[[Sea Wife]]'' || October 16, 1957 |- | ''[[Young and Dangerous (1957 movie)|Young and Dangerous]]'' || October 30, 1957 |- | ''[[Rockabilly Baby]]'' || October 30, 1957 |- | ''[[No Down Payment]]'' || October 30, 1957 |- | ''[[Ride a Violent Mile]]'' || November 24, 1957 |- | ''[[April Love (movie)|April Love]]'' || November 27, 1957 |- | ''[[Escape from Red Rock]]'' || December 1957 |- | ''[[Plunder Road]]'' || December 5, 1957 |- | ''[[Kiss Them for Me (movie)|Kiss Them for Me]]'' || December 10, 1957 |- | ''[[Peyton Place (1957 movie)|Peyton Place]]'' || December 13, 1957 |- | ''[[A Farewell to Arms (1957 movie)|A Farewell to Arms]]'' || December 14, 1957 |- | ''[[The Enemy Below]]'' || December 25, 1967 |- | ''[[Stopover Tokyo]]'' || December 26, 1957 |- | ''[[Beautiful But Dangerous]]'' || February 5, 1958 |- | ''[[The Gift of Love]]'' || February 11, 1958 |- | ''[[Sing Boy Sing]]'' || February 21, 1958 |- | ''[[Diamond Safari (1958 movie)|Diamond Safari]]'' || February 21, 1958 |- | ''[[Count Five and Die]]'' || March 1958 |- | ''[[Ambush at Cimarron Pass]]'' || March 1958 |- | ''[[South Pacific (1958 movie)|South Pacific]]'' || March 19, 1958 |- | ''[[The Return of Dracula]]'' || April 1958 |- | ''[[Blood Arrow]]'' || April 1, 1958 |- | ''[[The Young Lions]]'' || April 2, 1958 |- | ''[[The Long, Hot Summer]]'' || April 3, 1958 |- | ''[[Thundering Jets]]'' || May 1958 |- | ''[[Showdown at Boot Hill]]'' || May 1, 1958 |- | ''[[Ten North Frederick (movie)|Ten North Frederick]]'' || May 22, 1958 |- | ''[[The Naked Earth]]'' || June 1958 |- | ''[[Space Master X-7]]'' || June 1958 |- | ''[[From Hell to Texas]]'' || June 1, 1958 |- | ''[[Fraulein (1958 movie)|Fraulein]]'' || June 8, 1958 |- | ''[[The Bravados]]'' || June 25, 1958 |- | ''[[Desert Hell]]'' || June 25, 1958 |- | ''[[Wolf Dog]]'' || July 1958 |- | ''[[Sierra Baron]]'' || July 1958 |- | ''[[Gang War (1958 movie)|Gang War]]'' || July 1958 |- | ''[[Prescription for Murder]]'' || July 23, 1958 |- | ''[[A Certain Smile (movie)|A Certain Smile]]'' || July 31, 1958 |- | ''[[The Fiend Who Walked the West]]'' || August 1, 1958 |- | ''[[Flaming Frontier]]'' || August 1, 1958 |- | ''[[The Hunters (1958 movie)|The Hunters]]'' || August 26, 1958 |- | ''[[The Fly (1958 movie)|The Fly]]'' || August 29, 1958 |- | ''[[Harry Black and the Tiger]]'' || September 18, 1958 |- | ''[[The Barbarian and the Geisha]]'' || September 30, 1958 |- | ''[[Villa!!]]'' || October 1958 |- | ''[[The Roots of Heaven]]'' || October 16, 1958 |- | ''[[In Love and War (1958 movie)|In Love and War]]'' || October 31, 1958 |- | ''[[Mardi Gras (movie)|Mardi Gras]]'' || November 18, 1958 |- | ''[[Frontier Gun]]'' || December 1, 1958 |- | ''[[A Nice Little Bank That Should Be Robbed]]'' || December 1, 1958 |- | ''[[The Inn of the Sixth Happiness]]'' || December 11, 1958 |- | ''[[Rally 'Round the Flag, Boys!]]'' || December 23, 1958 |- | ''[[I Mobster]]'' || January 1959 |- | ''[[Alaska Passage]]'' || February 11, 1959 |- | ''[[The Remarkable Mr. Pennypacker]]'' || February 20, 1959 |- | ''[[The Sad Horse]]'' || March 1959 |- | ''[[Little Savage]]'' || March 1959 |- | ''[[Lone Texan]]'' || March 1, 1959 |- | ''[[The Sheriff of Fractured Jaw]]'' || March 14, 1959 |- | ''[[A Dog of Flanders (1959 movie)|A Dog of Flanders]]'' || March 17, 1959 |- | ''[[The Diary of Anne Frank (1959 movie)|The Diary of Anne Frank]]'' || March 18, 1959 |- | ''[[The Sound and the Fury (movie)|The Sound and the Fury]]'' || March 27, 1959 |- | ''[[Intent to Kill]]'' || March 31, 1959 |- | ''[[The Little Savage]]'' || March 1959 |- | ''[[Compulsion (movie)|Compulsion]]'' || April 1, 1959 |- | ''[[Warlock (1959 movie)|Warlock]]'' || April 1, 1959 |- | ''[[Smiley Gets a Gun]]'' || April 30, 1959 |- | ''[[These Thousand Hills]]'' || May 6, 1959 |- | ''[[Woman Obsessed]]'' || May 27, 1959 |- | ''[[Here Come the Jets]]'' || June 1959 |- | ''[[Three Murderesses]]'' || June 8, 1959 |- | ''[[Say One for Me]]'' || June 19, 1959 |- | ''[[The Son of Robin Hood]]'' || July 1959 |- | ''[[The Alligator People]]'' || July 1959 |- | ''[[Return of the Fly]]'' || July 1959 |- | ''[[Holiday for Lovers]] ''|| July 24, 1959 |- | ''[[The Miracle of the Hills]]'' || July 27, 1959 |- | ''[[Blue Denim]]'' || July 30, 1959 |- | ''[[A Private's Affair]]'' || August 14, 1959 |- | ''[[The Oregon Trail (movie)|The Oregon Trail]]'' || September 1959 |- | ''[[The Blue Angel (1959 movie)|The Blue Angel]]'' || September 4, 1959 |- | ''[[Five Gates to Hell]]'' || September 23, 1959 |- | ''[[The Man Who Understood Women]]'' || October 2, 1959 |- | ''[[The Best of Everything]] ''|| October 9, 1959 |- | ''[[Hound-Dog Man]]'' || November 1959 |- | ''[[Beloved Infidel]]'' || November 17, 1959 |- | ''[[Blood and Steel]]'' || December 1959 |- | ''[[Journey to the Center of the Earth (1959 movie)|Journey to the Center of the Earth]]'' || December 16, 1959 |} ==1960s== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Title ! Release Date |- | ''[[The Story on Page One]]'' || January 13, 1960 |- | ''[[Sink the Bismarck!]]'' || February 11, 1960 |- | ''[[Bobbikins]]'' || February 28, 1960 |- | ''[[The 3rd Voice]]'' || March 5, 1960 |- | ''[[Can-Can (movie)|Can-Can]]'' || March 9, 1960 |- | ''[[The Wind Cannot Read]]'' || March 9, 1960 |- | ''[[Seven Thieves]]'' || March 12, 1960 |- | ''[[The Rookie (1959 movie)|The Rookie]]'' || March 16, 1960 |- | ''[[Wild River (movie)|Wild River]]'' || March 26, 1960 |- | ''[[When Comedy Was King]]'' || March 29, 1960 |- | ''[[13 Fighting Men]]'' || April 1960 |- | ''[[Twelve Hours to Kill]]'' || April 2, 1960 |- | ''[[Wake Me When It's Over (movie)|Wake Me When It's Over]]'' || April 8, 1960 |- | ''[[North West Frontier (movie)|North West Frontier]]'' || April 29, 1960 |- | ''[[Valley of the Redwoods]]'' || May 8, 1960 |- | ''[[Crack in the Mirror]]'' || May 19, 1960 |- | ''[[The Story of Ruth]]'' || June 17, 1960 |- | ''[[Murder, Inc.]]'' || June 28, 1960 |- | ''[[Operation Amsterdam]]'' || July 6, 1960 |- | ''[[The Lost World (1960 movie)|The Lost World]]'' || July 13, 1960 |- | ''[[From the Terrace]]'' || July 15, 1960 |- | ''[[The Idiot (1958 movie)|The Idiot]]'' || July 21, 1960 |- | ''[[Sons and Lovers]]'' || August 2, 1960 |- | ''[[Young Jesse James]]'' || August 2, 1960 |- | ''[[For the Love of Mike]]'' || August 28, 1960 |- | ''[[The High Powered Rifle]]'' || September 1960 |- | ''[[Squad Car]]'' || September 1960 |- | ''[[Let's Make Love]]'' || September 1, 1960 |- | ''[[Let's Make Love]]'' || September 8, 1960 |- | ''[[September Storm]]'' || September 9, 1960 |- | ''[[High Time (movie)|High Time]]'' || September 16, 1960 |- | ''[[The Captain's Table]]'' || September 26, 1960 |- | ''[[Weddings and Babies]]'' || October 5, 1960 |- | ''[[The 39 Steps (1959 movie)|The 39 Steps]]'' || October 10, 1960 |- | ''[[Desire in the Dust]]'' || October 11, 1960 |- | ''[[One Foot in Hell]]'' || October 19, 1960 |- | ''[[Goddess of Love (movie)|Goddess of Love]]'' || November 1960 |- | ''[[North to Alaska]]'' || November 13, 1960 |- | ''[[Legions of the Nile]]'' || December 1960 |- | ''[[The Wizard of Baghdad]]'' || December 1960 |- | ''[[Upstairs and Downstairs]]'' || December 2, 1960 |- | ''[[Tess of the Storm Country (1960 movie)|Tess of the Storm Country]]'' || December 8, 1960 |- | ''[[The Secret of the Purple Reef]]'' || December 11, 1960 |- | ''[[Esther and the King]]'' || December 14, 1960 |- | ''[[Flaming Star]]'' || December 20, 1960 |- | ''[[The Long Rope (1961 movie)|The Long Rope]]'' || 1961 |- | ''[[Swingin' Along]]'' || January 1961 |- | ''[[The Marriage-Go-Round]]'' || January 6, 1961 |- | ''[[Sniper's Ridge]]'' || February 1, 1961 |- | ''[[The Millionairess]]'' || February 9, 1961 |- | ''[[A Circle of Deception]]'' || February 17, 1961 |- | ''[[Sanctuary (movie)|Sanctuary]]'' || February 21, 1961 |- | ''[[The Canadians (1961 movie)|The Canadians]]'' || March 11, 1961 |- | ''[[Days of Thrills and Laughter]]'' || March 21, 1961 |- | ''[[Ice Cold in Alex|Desert Attack]]'' || March 22, 1961 |- | ''[[All Hands on Deck (movie)|All Hands on Deck]]'' || March 30, 1961 |- | ''[[The Trapp Family]]'' || April 19, 1961 |- | ''[[Ferry to Hong Kong]]'' || April 26, 1961 |- | ''[[The Fiercest Heart]]'' || April 30, 1961 |- | ''[[The Silent Call]]'' || May 1961 |- | ''[[Return to Peyton Place (movie)|Return to Peyton Place]]'' || May 5, 1961 |- | ''[[The Big Show (1961 movie)|The Big Show]]'' || May 10, 1961 |- | ''[[The Right Approach]]'' || May 17, 1961 |- | ''[[Snow White and the Three Stooges]]'' || May 26, 1961 |- | ''[[The Little Shepherd of Kingdom Come]]'' || June 1961 |- | ''[[Battle at Bloody Beach]]'' || June 1, 1961 |- | ''[[Misty (movie)|Misty]]'' || June 4, 1961 |- | ''[[20,000 Eyes]]'' || June 14, 1961 |- | ''[[Wild in the Country]]'' || June 15, 1961 |- | ''[[Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea]]'' || July 12, 1961 |- | ''[[Francis of Assisi (movie)|Francis of Assisi]]'' || July 12, 1961 |- | ''[[Marines, Let's Go]]'' || August 15, 1961 |- | ''[[The Big Gamble]]'' || September 1, 1961 |- | ''[[The Hustler (movie)|The Hustler]]'' || September 25, 1961 |- | ''[[Seven Women from Hell]]'' || October 1961 |- | ''[[Pirates of Tortuga]]'' || October 1961 |- | ''[[The Comancheros (movie)|The Comancheros]]'' || October 30, 1961 |- | ''[[The Purple Hills]]'' || November 1961 |- | ''[[The Two Little Bears]]'' || November 1, 1961 |- | ''[[The Second Time Around (movie)|The Second Time Around]]'' || December 22, 1961 |- | ''[[The Innocents (movie)|The Innocents]]'' || December 25, 1961 |- | ''[[Madison Avenue (movie)|Madison Avenue]]'' || January 7, 1962 |- | ''[[Bachelor Flat]]'' || January 12, 1962 |- | ''[[Tender Is the Night (movie)|Tender Is the Night]]'' || January 19, 1962 |- | ''[[Satan Never Sleeps]]'' || February 22, 1962 |- | ''[[Hand of Death (1962 movie)|Hand of Death]]'' || March 1962 |- | ''[[State Fair (1962 movie)|State Fair]]'' || March 9, 1962 |- | ''[[The Broken Land]]'' || April 1, 1962 |- | ''[[I Like Money (movie)|I Like Money]]'' || May 18, 1962 |- | ''[[Lisa (1962 movie)|Lisa]]'' || May 24, 1962 |- | ''[[The Cabinet of Caligari]]'' || May 25, 1962 |- | ''[[It Happened in Athens]]'' || June 1962 |- | ''[[Something's Got to Give]]'' || June 1, 1962 |- | ''[[Womanhunt]]'' || June 3, 1962 |- | ''[[Mr. Hobbs Takes a Vacation]]'' || June 15, 1962 |- | ''[[Air Patrol (movie)|Air Patrol]]'' || July 17, 1962 |- | ''[[Hemingway's Adventures of a Young Man]]'' || July 25, 1962 |- | ''[[The Firebrand (movie)|The Firebrand]]'' || August 7, 1962 |- | ''[[Five Weeks in a Balloon (movie)|Five Weeks in a Balloon]]'' || August 22, 1962 |- | ''[[The 300 Spartans]]'' || August 29, 1962 |- | ''[[Gigot (movie)|Gigot]]'' || September 27, 1962 |- | ''[[The Longest Day (movie)|The Longest Day]]'' || October 4, 1962 |- | ''[[Young Guns of Texas]]'' || November 1962 |- | ''[[The Lion (movie)|The Lion]]'' || December 21, 1962 |- | ''[[The Queen's Guards]]'' || 1963 |- | ''[[The Last Days of Sodom and Gomorrah]]'' || January 23, 1963 |- | ''[[30 Years of Fun]]'' || February 10, 1963 |- | ''[[The Day Mars Invaded Earth]]'' || February 14, 1963 |- | ''[[House of the Damned (1963 movie)|House of the Damned]]'' || March 1963 |- | ''[[Nine Hours to Rama]]'' || April 3, 1963 |- | ''[[Marilyn (movie)|Marilyn]]'' || April 18, 1963 |- | ''[[Police Nurse]]'' || May 1963 |- | ''[[The Yellow Canary]]'' || May 15, 1963 |- | ''[[Cleopatra (1963 movie)|Cleopatra]]'' || June 12, 1963 |- | ''[[The Stripper (movie)|The Stripper]]'' || June 19, 1963 |- | ''[[Harbor Lights (movie)|Harbor Lights]]'' || July 1963 |- | ''[[The Leopard (movie)|The Leopard]]'' || July 15, 1963 |- | ''[[Lassie's Great Adventure]]'' || August 1963 |- | ''[[The Young Swingers]]'' || September 1963 |- | ''[[Of Love and Desire]]'' || September 11, 1963 |- | ''[[Thunder Island]]'' || October 1963 |- | ''[[The Condemned of Altona (movie)|The Condemned of Altona]]'' || October 30, 1963 |- | ''[[Take Her, She's Mine]]'' || November 13, 1963 |- | ''[[Move Over, Darling]]'' || December 25, 1963 |- | ''[[Surf Party]]'' || January 30, 1964 |- | ''[[The Winston Affair]]'' || February 5, 1964 |- | ''[[The Third Secret (movie)|The Third Secret]]'' || April 28, 1964 |- | ''[[The Day of the Living Corpse]]'' || May 1964 |- | ''[[What a Way to Go!]]'' || May 12, 1964 |- | ''[[The Eyes of Annie Jones]]'' || May 13, 1964 |- | ''[[The Horor of Party Beach]]'' || June 1, 1964 |- | ''[[Shock Treatment (1964 movie)|Shock Treatment]]'' || July 22, 1964 |- | ''[[The Horror of It All]]'' || August 19, 1964 |- | ''[[Witchcraft (1964 movie)|Witchcraft]]'' || September 1964 |- | ''[[Night Train to Paris]]'' || September 23, 1964 |- | ''[[The Visit (1964 movie)|The Visit]]'' || October 4, 1964 |- | ''[[The Earth Dies Screaming]]'' || October 14, 1964 |- | ''[[Rio Conchos (1964 movie)|Rio Conchos]]'' || October 28, 1964 |- | ''[[Moro Witch Doctor]]'' || November 1964 |- | ''[[Fate Is the Hunter (movie)|Fate Is the Hunter]]'' || November 8, 1964 |- | ''[[Guns to Batasi]]'' || November 16, 1964 |- | ''[[Goodbye Charlie]]'' || November 18, 1964 |- | ''[[Apache Rifles]]'' || November 26, 1964 |- | ''[[Back Door to Hell]]'' || December 9, 1964 |- | ''[[Raiders from Beneath the Sea]]'' || December 12, 1964 |- | ''[[Zorba the Greek (movie)|Zorba the Greek]]'' || December 17, 1964 |- | ''[[Hush... Hush, Sweet Charlotte]]'' || December 24, 1964 |- | ''[[The Pleasure Seekers]]'' || December 25, 1964 |- | ''[[Convict Stage]]'' || 1965 |- | ''[[Dear Brigitte]]'' || January 8, 1965 |- | ''[[War Party (1965 movie)|War Party]]'' || March 1, 1965 |- | ''[[The Sound of Music (movie)|The Sound of Music]]'' || March 2, 1965 |- | ''[[John Goldfarb, Please Come Home]]'' || March 24, 1965 |- | ''[[Devils of Darkness]]'' || May 1965 |- | ''[[Curse of the Fly]]'' || May 1965 |- | ''[[Fort Courageous]]'' || May 1, 1965 |- | ''[[Up from the Beach]]'' || June 9, 1965 |- | ''[[Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines]]'' || June 16, 1965 |- | ''[[A High Wind in Jamaica (movie)|A High Wind in Jamaica]]'' || June 16, 1965 |- | ''[[Von Ryan's Express]]'' || June 23, 1965 |- | ''[[Rapture (1965 movie)|Rapture]]'' || August 23, 1965 |- | ''[[Wild on the Beach]]'' || August 25, 1965 |- | ''[[Morituri (1965 movie)|Morituri]]'' || August 25, 1965 |- | ''[[The Reward]]'' || September 15, 1965 |- | ''[[Spaceflight IC-1]]'' || October 1965 |- | ''[[The Agony and the Ecstasy]]'' || October 7, 1965 |- | ''[[The Nanny (1965 movie)|The Nanny]]'' || October 27, 1965 |- | ''[[The Return of Dr. Moto]]'' || December 1, 1965 |- | ''[[The Flight of the Phoenix (1965 movie)|The Flight of the Phoenix]]'' || December 15, 1965 |- | ''[[Do Not Disturb (1965 movie)|Do Not Disturb]]'' || December 22, 1965 |- | ''[[The Cavern (1964 movie)|The Cavern]]'' || December 24, 1965 |- | ''[[Daniel Boone: Frontier Trail Rider]]'' || 1966 |- | ''[[The Plague of the Zombies]]'' || January 12, 1966 |- | ''[[Dracula: Prince of Darkness]]'' || January 12, 1966 |- | ''[[Our Man Flint]]'' || January 12, 1966 |- | ''[[The Murder Game (1965 movie)|The Murder Game]]'' || March 30, 1966 |- | ''[[The Reptile]]'' || April 6, 1966 |- | ''[[Rasputin, the Mad Monk]]'' || April 6, 1966 |- | ''[[Cloportes]]'' || April 18, 1966 |- | ''[[Weekend at Dunkirk]]'' || May 18, 1966 |- | ''[[Stagecoach (1966 movie)|Stagecoach]]'' || June 15, 1966 |- | ''[[The Blue Max]]'' || June 21, 1966 |- | ''[[How to Steal a Million]]'' || July 13, 1966 |- | ''[[Batman (1966 movie)|Batman: The Movie]]'' || July 20, 1966 |- | ''[[Smoky (1966 movie)|Smoky]]'' || August 3, 1966 |- | ''[[Modesty Blaise (1966 movie)|Modesty Blaise]]'' || August 10, 1966 |- | ''[[Fantastic Voyage]]'' || August 24, 1966 |- | ''[[Ballad in Blue]]'' || September 7, 1966 |- | ''[[The Bible: In the Beginning]]'' || September 28, 1966 |- | ''[[That Tennessee Beat]]'' || October 1966 |- | ''[[Way...Way Out]]'' || October 26, 1966 |- | ''[[I Deal in Danger]]'' || December 1966 |- | ''[[The Quiller Memorandum]]'' || December 15, 1966 |- | ''[[The Sand Pebbles (movie)|The Sand Pebbles]]'' || December 20, 1966 |- | ''[[The Jackals]]'' || 1967 |- | ''[[The Cape Town Affair]]'' || 1967 |- | ''[[Come Spy with Me (movie)|Come Spy with Me]]'' || January 18, 1967 |- | ''[[Prehistoric Women (1967 movie)|Prehistoric Women]]'' || January 25, 1967 |- | ''[[The Devil's Own (1966 movie)|The Devil's Own]]'' || February 1967 |- | ''[[One Million Years BC]]'' || February 21, 1967 |- | ''[[The Mummy's Shroud]]'' || March 15, 1967 |- | ''[[In Like Flint]]'' || March 15, 1967 |- | ''[[Frankenstein Created Woman]]'' || March 15, 1967 |- | ''[[Hombre (movie)|Hombre]]'' || March 21, 1967 |- | ''[[Two for the Road]]'' || April 27, 1967 |- | ''[[El Greco (1966 movie)|El Greco]]'' || May 23, 1967 |- | ''[[A Guide for the Married Man]]'' || May 25, 1967 |- | ''[[Caprice (movie)|Caprice]]'' || June 7, 1967 |- | ''[[The St. Valentine's Day Massacre (movie)|The St. Valentine's Day Massacre]]'' || June 30, 1967 |- | ''[[The Viking Queen]]'' || August 16, 1967 |- | ''[[The Flim-Flam Man]]'' || August 22, 1967 |- | ''[[The Day the Fish Came Out]]'' || October 2, 1967 |- | ''[[The Incident (movie)|The Incident]]'' || November 5, 1967 |- | ''[[Tony Rome]]'' || November 10, 1967 |- | ''[[Bedazzled (1967 movie)|Bedazzled]]'' || December 10, 1967 |- | ''[[Fathom (movie)|Fathom]]'' || December 13, 1967 |- | ''[[Valley of the Dolls (movie)|Valley of the Dolls]]'' || December 15, 1967 |- | ''[[Doctor Dolittle (movie)|Doctor Dolittle]]'' || December 19, 1967 |- | ''[[The Legend of Custer]]'' || 1968 |- | ''[[The Anniversary (movie)|The Anniversary]]'' || February 7, 1968 |- | ''[[Planet of the Apes (movie)|Planet of the Apes]]'' || February 8, 1968 |- | ''[[Five Million Years to Earth]]'' || February 16, 1968 |- | ''[[The Further Perils of Laurel and Hardy]]'' || March 31, 1968 |- | ''[[The Vengeance of She]]'' || May 1, 1968 |- | ''[[Prudence and the Pill]]'' || May 23, 1968 |- | ''[[The Detective (1968 movie)|The Detective]]'' || May 28, 1968 |- | ''[[Bandolero!]]'' || June 1, 1968 |- | ''[[The Sweet Ride]]'' || June 12, 1968 |- | ''[[The Lost Continent (1968 movie)|The Lost Continent]]'' || June 19, 1968 |- | ''[[The Secret Life of an American Wife]]'' || June 25, 1968 |- | ''[[A Challenge for Robin Hood]]'' || August 1968 |- | ''[[Deadfall (1968 movie)|Deadfall]]'' || September 11, 1968 |- | ''[[The Vatican Affair]]'' || September 11, 1968 |- | ''[[The Boston Strangler (movie)|The Boston Strangler]]'' || October 16, 1969 |- | ''[[Star! (movie)|Star!]]'' || October 22, 1968 |- | ''[[Pretty Poison (movie)|Pretty Poison]]'' || October 23, 1968 |- | ''[[The Touchables (movie)|The Touchables]]'' || November 20, 1968 |- | ''[[Lady in Cement]]'' || November 20, 1968 |- | ''[[Joanna (movie)|Joanna]]'' || November 24, 1968 |- | ''[[A Flea in Her Ear]]'' || November 27, 1968 |- | ''[[The Magus (movie)|The Magus]]'' || December 10, 1968 |- | ''[[The Devil's Bride]]'' || December 18, 1968 |- | ''[[Decline and Fall... of a Birdwatcher]]'' || January 26, 1969 |- | ''[[The Guru (1969 movie)|The Guru]]'' || February 10, 1969 |- | ''[[The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (movie)|The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie]]'' || March 2, 1969 |- | ''[[100 Rifles]]'' || March 26, 1969 |- | ''[[Doctor Glas (movie)|Doctor Glas]]'' || April 7, 1969 |- | ''[[Hard Contract]]'' || April 30, 1969 |- | ''[[The Last Shot You Hear]]'' || May 14, 1969 |- | ''[[The Boys of Paul Street]]'' || June 23, 1969 |- | ''[[The Chairman (movie)|The Chairman]]'' || June 25, 1969 |- | ''[[Che!]]'' || June 27, 1969 |- | ''[[Secret World (movie)|Secret World]]'' || July 9, 1969 |- | ''[[Justine (1969 movie)|Justine]]'' || August 6, 1969 |- | ''[[Staircase (movie)|Staircase]]'' || August 20, 1969 |- | ''[[Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid]]'' || September 23, 1969 |- | ''[[A Walk with Love and Death]]'' || October 5, 1969 |- | ''[[The Archangel]]'' || October 12, 1969 |- | ''[[The Undefeated (1969 movie)|The Undefeated]]'' || November 27, 1969 |- | ''[[John and Mary (movie)|John and Mary]]'' || December 14, 1969 |- | ''[[Hello, Dolly! (movie)|Hello, Dolly!]]'' || December 16, 1969 |} ==1970s== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Title ! Release Date |- | ''[[The Only Game in Town (movie)|The Only Game in Town]]'' || January 21, 1970 |- | ''[[M*A*S*H (movie)|M*A*S*H]]'' || January 25, 1970 |- | ''[[The Kremlin Letter]]'' || February 1, 1970 |- | ''[[The Sicilian Clan]]'' || March 29, 1970 |- | ''[[Patton (movie)|Patton]]'' || April 2, 1970 |- | ''[[The Girl Who Couldn't Say No]]'' || May 13, 1970 |- | ''[[Beneath the Planet of the Apes]]'' || May 26, 1970 |- | ''[[Beyond the Valley of the Dolls]]'' || June 17, 1970 |- | ''[[Myra Breckenridge (movie)|Myra Breckenridge]]'' || June 24, 1970 |- | ''[[The Games (movie)|The Games]]'' || July 9, 1970 |- | ''[[Hello-Goodbye]]'' || July 12, 1970 |- | ''[[Move (movie)|Move]]'' || July 31, 1970 |- | ''[[Tora! Tora! Tora!]]'' || September 23, 1970 |- | ''[[4 Clowns]]'' || September 1970 |- | ''[[Cover Me Babe]]'' || October 1, 1970 |- | ''[[The Great White Hope (movie)|The Great White Hope]]'' || October 11, 1970 |- | ''[[Little Murders]]'' || February 9, 1971 |- | ''[[Vanishing Point (1971 movie)|Vanishing Point]]'' || March 13, 1971 |- | ''[[Making It!]]'' || March 21, 1971 |- | ''[[B.S. I Love You]]'' || March 31, 1971 |- | ''[[The Mephisto Waltz]]'' || April 9, 1971 |- | ''[[Celebration at Big Sur]]'' || April 9, 1971 |- | ''[[The Panic in Needle Park]]'' || May 9, 1971 |- | ''[[Escape from the Planet of the Apes]]'' || May 21, 1971 |- | ''[[Walkabout (movie)|Walkabout]]'' || July 1, 1971 |- | ''[[The Seven Minutes (movie)|The Seven Minutes]]'' || July 23, 1971 |- | ''[[The Marriage of a Young Stockbroker]]'' || August 19, 1971 |- | ''[[The French Connection (movie)|The French Connection]]'' || October 9, 1971 |- | ''[[Journey to Midnight]]'' || November 1971 |- | ''[[Made for Each Other (1971 movie)|Made for Each Other]]'' || December 12, 1971 |- | ''[[The Darwin Adventure]]'' || 1972 |- | ''[[Blindman]]'' || January 12, 1972 |- | ''[[The Hot Rock (movie)|The Hot Rock]]'' || January 26, 1972 |- | ''[[Sans mobile apparent]]'' || February 19, 1972 |- | ''[[The Concert for Bangladesh]]'' || March 23, 1972 |- | ''[[The Culpepper Cattle Co.]]'' || April 16, 1972 |- | ''[[The Other]]'' || May 23, 1972 |- | ''[[Fillmore (movie)|Fillmore]]'' || June 14, 1972 |- | ''[[What Became of Jack and Jill?]]'' || June 16, 1972 |- | ''[[The Strange Vengeance of Rosalie]]'' || June 16, 1972 |- | ''[[Conquest of the Planet of the Apes]]'' || June 30, 1972 |- | ''[[To Kill a Clown]]'' || August 23, 1972 |- | ''[[The Salzburg Connection]]'' || August 30, 1972 |- | ''[[Welcome Home, Soldier Boys]]'' || September 8, 1972 |- | ''[[Sounder (movie)|Sounder]]'' || September 24, 1972 |- | ''[[Vampire Circus]]'' || October 11, 1972 |- | ''[[When the Legends Die]]'' || October 19, 1972 |- | ''[[The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie]]'' || October 22, 1972 |- | ''[[Trouble Man]]'' || November 1, 1972 |- | ''[[La course du lievre a travers les champs]]'' || November 29, 1972 |- | ''[[Sleuth (1972 movie)|Sleuth]]'' || December 10, 1972 |- | ''[[The Poseidon Adventure (1972 movie)|The Poseidon Adventure]]'' || December 13, 1972 |- | ''[[The Heartbreak Kid (1972 movie)|The Heartbreak Kid]]'' || December 17, 1972 |- | ''[[The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds (movie)|The Effect of Gamma Rays on the Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds]]'' || December 20, 1972 |- | ''[[Gospel Road: A Story of Jesus]]'' || March 1973 |- | ''[[Ace Eli and Rodger of the Skies]]'' || April 1, 1973 |- | ''[[Emperor of the North Pole]]'' || May 23, 1973 |- | ''[[The Legend of Hell House]]'' || June 15, 1973 |- | ''[[Battle for the Planet of the Apes]]'' || June 15, 1973 |- | ''[[The Last American Hero]]'' || July 27, 1973 |- | ''[[The Neptune Factor]]'' || August 3, 1973 |- | ''[[Gordon's War]]'' || August 9, 1973 |- | ''[[Kid Blue]]'' || September 29, 1973 |- | ''[[The Paper Chase (movie)|The Paper Chase]]'' || October 16, 1973 |- | ''[[Hex (1973 movie)|Hex]]'' || October 1973 |- | ''[[The Seven-Ups]]'' || December 14, 1973 |- | ''[[Cinderella Liberty]]'' || December 18, 1973 |- | ''[[The Laughing Policeman (movie)|The Laughing Policeman]]'' || December 20, 1973 |- | ''[[The Three Musketeers (1973 movie)|The Three Musketeers]]'' || March 29, 1974 |- | ''[[The Mad Adventures of Rabbi Jacob]]'' || July 17, 1974 |- | ''[[Zardoz]]'' || February 6, 1974 |- | ''[[Conrack (1974 movie)|Conrack]]'' || March 27, 1974 |- | ''[[Claudine (movie)|Claudine]]'' || April 22, 1974 |- | ''[[Dirty Mary Crazy Larry]]'' || May 17, 1974 |- | ''[[S*P*Y*S]]'' || June 28, 1974 |- | ''[[Together Brothers]]'' || August 7, 1974 |- | ''[[Harry and Tonto]]'' || August 12, 1974 |- | ''[[99 and 44/100% Dead]]'' || August 29, 1974 |- | ''[[11 Harrowhouse]]'' || September 26, 1974 |- | ''[[The Crazy World of Julius Vrooder]]'' || October 18, 1974 |- | ''[[The Phantom of Liberty]]'' || October 27, 1974 |- | ''[[Phantom of the Paradise]]'' || October 31, 1974 |- | ''[[The House on Skull Mountain]]'' || October 1974 |- | ''[[The Towering Inferno]]'' || December 14, 1974 |- | ''[[Young Frankenstein]]'' || December 15, 1974 |- | ''[[Peeper (movie)|Peeper]]'' || 1975 |- | ''[[The Nickel Ride]]'' || January 15, 1975 |- | ''[[The Four Musketeers (movie)|The Four Musketeers]]'' || February 26, 1975 |- | ''[[At Long Last Love]]'' || March 1, 1975 |- | ''[[Ransom (1975 movie)]]'' || March 13, 1975 |- | ''[[Capone (1975 movie)|Capone]]'' || April 16, 1975 |- | ''[[French Connection II]]'' || May 21, 1975 |- | ''[[W.W. and the Dixie Dancekings]]'' || May 21, 1975 |- | ''[[Race with the Devil]]'' || June 1975 |- | ''[[The Man from Hong Kong]]'' || August 1975 |- | ''[[The Rocky Horror Picture Show]]'' || September 26, 1975 |- | ''[[Black Moon (1975 movie)|Black Moon]]'' || September 30, 1975 |- | ''[[Royal Flash (movie)|Royal Flash]]'' || October 10, 1975 |- | ''[[Whiffs]]'' || October 15, 1975 |- | ''[[Down the Ancient Staircase]]'' || October 17, 1975 |- | ''[[Take a Hard Ride]]'' || October 29, 1975 |- | ''[[The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes' Smarter Brother]]'' || December 14, 1975 |- | ''[[Lucky Lady]]'' || December 25, 1975 |- | ''[[Survival (movie)|Survival]]'' || 1976 |- | ''[[Hugo, a vizilo]]'' || January 1976 |- | ''[[Profumo di donna]]'' || January 25, 1976 |- | ''[[Next Stop, Greenwich Village]]'' || February 4, 1976 |- | ''[[I Will, I Will... for Now]]'' || February 18, 1976 |- | ''[[Sky Riders]]'' || March 26, 1976 |- | ''[[The Duchess and the Dirtwater Fox]]'' || April 1, 1976 |- | ''[[The Blue Bird (1976 movie)|The Blue Bird]]'' || April 5, 1976 |- | ''[[End of the Game]]'' || May 12, 1976 |- | ''[[Mother, Jugs & Speed]]'' || May 26, 1976 |- | ''[[The Last Hard Men]]'' || June 1, 1976 |- | ''[[Breaking Point (1976 movie)|Breaking Point]]'' || June 2, 1976 |- | ''[[Silent Movie]]'' || June 16, 1976 |- | ''[[The Omen]]'' || June 25, 1976 |- | ''[[Moving Violation (movie)|Moving Violation]]'' || July 1976 |- | ''[[The Sunday Woman (movie)|The Sunday Woman]]'' || September 26, 1976 |- | ''[[Alex & the Gypsy]]'' || October 3, 1976 |- | ''[[Fighting Mad]]'' || October 8, 1976 |- | ''[[All This and World War II]]'' || November 12, 1976 |- | ''[[Kenny & Company]]'' || November 1976 |- | ''[[Silver Streak (movie)|Silver Streak]]'' || December 3, 1976 |- | ''[[Wizards (movie)|Wizards]]'' || February 9, 1977 |- | ''[[Mr. Billion]]'' || March 3, 1977 |- | ''[[Raggedy Ann & Andy: A Musical Adventure]]'' || April 1, 1977 |- | ''[[3 Women]]'' || April 3, 1977 |- | ''[[Le sauvage]]'' || April 1977 |- | ''[[Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope]]'' || May 25, 1977 |- | ''[[The Other Side of Midnight (movie)|The Other Side of Midnight]]'' || June 8, 1977 |- | ''[[Fire Sale]]'' || June 9, 1977 |- | ''[[The Black Pearl]]'' || August 1977 |- | ''[[Thunder and Lightning (movie)|Thunder and Lightning]]'' || August 24, 1977 |- | ''[[Julia (1977 movie)|Julia]]'' || October 2, 1977 |- | ''[[Damnation Alley]]'' || October 21, 1977 |- | ''[[The Turning Point]]'' || November 14, 1977 |- | ''[[The World's Greatest Lover]]'' || December 18, 1977 |- | ''[[High Anxiety]]'' || December 25, 1977 |- | ''[[An Unmarried Woman]]'' || March 5, 1978 |- | ''[[The Fury (1978 movie)|The Fury]]'' || March 10, 1978 |- | ''[[Damien: Omen II]]'' || June 9, 1978 |- | ''[[The Driver]]'' || June 28, 1978 |- | ''[[A Wedding]]'' || August 29, 1978 |- | ''[[The Boys from Brazil (movie)|The Boys from Brazil]]'' || October 5, 1978 |- | ''[[Magic (1978 movie)|Magic]]'' || November 8, 1978 |- | ''[[Quintet (movie)|Quintet]]'' || February 9, 1979 |- | ''[[Norma Rae]]'' || March 2, 1979 |- | ''[[A Perfect Couple]]'' || April 6, 1979 |- | ''[[Dreamer (1979 movie)|Dreamer]]'' || April 27, 1979 |- | ''[[Alien (movie)|Alien]]'' || May 25, 1979 |- | ''[[The Game of Death]]'' || June 8, 1979 |- | ''[[Butch and Sundance: The Early Days]]'' || June 15, 1979 |- | ''[[Breaking Away]]'' || July 20, 1979 |- | ''[[La Luna (movie)|La Luna]]'' || September 30, 1979 |- | ''[[Nosferatu the Vampyre]]'' || October 1, 1979 |- | ''[[Avalanche Express]]'' || October 19, 1979 |- | ''[[The Rose (movie)|The Rose]]'' || November 7, 1979 |- | ''[[The Runner Stumbles]]'' || November 16, 1979 |- | ''[[All That Jazz]]'' || December 20, 1979 |- | ''[[Scavenger Hunt]]'' || December 21, 1979 |} ==1980s== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Title ! Release Date |- | ''[[Fatso (1980 movie)|Fatso]]'' || February 1, 1980 |- | ''[[Inferno (1980 movie)|Inferno]]'' || April 2, 1980 |- | ''[[Headin' for Broadway]]'' || May 1980 |- | ''[[Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back]]'' || May 21, 1980 |- | ''[[Brubaker]]'' || June 20, 1980 |- | ''[[The Stunt Man]]'' || June 27, 1980 |- | ''[[Oh Heavenly Dog]]'' || July 11, 1980 |- | ''[[Middle Age Crazy]]'' || July 25, 1980 |- | ''[[Willie & Phil]]'' || August 15, 1980 |- | ''[[Health (movie)|Health]]'' || September 12, 1980 |- | ''[[My Bodyguard]]'' || September 26, 1980 |- | ''[[Sam Marlow, Private Eye]]'' || October 3, 1980 |- | ''[[Terror Train]]'' || October 3, 1980 |- | ''[[Kagemusha]]'' || October 6, 1980 |- | ''[[Loving Couples (1980 movie)|Loving Couples]]'' || October 24, 1980 |- | ''[[A Change of Seasons (movie)|A Change of Seasons]]'' || December 1, 1980 |- | ''[[Tribute (movie)|Tribute]]'' || December 14, 1980 |- | ''[[Nine to Five]]'' || December 19, 1980 |- | ''[[Prisoners (movie)|Prisoners]]'' || 1981 |- | ''[[Fort Apache, The Bronx]]'' || February 6, 1981 |- | ''[[Eyewitness (1981 movie)|Eyewitness]]'' || February 13, 1981 |- | ''[[On the Right Track]]'' || March 6, 1981 |- | ''[[Omen III: The Final Conflict]]'' || March 20, 1981 |- | ''[[Hardly Working]]'' || April 3, 1981 |- | ''[[Death Hunt]]'' || May 22, 1981 |- | ''[[Savage Harvest]]'' || May 23, 1981 |- | ''[[History of the World, Part I]]'' || June 12, 1981 |- | ''[[Cannonball Run]]'' || June 19, 1981 |- | ''[[Zorro, The Gay Blade]]'' || July 17, 1981 |- | ''[[Chu Chu and the Philly Flash]]'' || August 28, 1981 |- | ''[[The Woman Inside]]'' || September 1981 |- | ''[[Southern Comfort (movie)|Southern Comfort]]'' || September 25, 1981 |- | ''[[Tattoo (1981 movie)|Tattoo]]'' || October 9, 1981 |- | ''[[Shock Treatment]]'' || October 31, 1981 |- | ''[[Taps (movie)|Taps]]'' || December 18, 1981 |- | ''[[Modern Problems]]'' || December 25, 1981 |- | ''[[The Amateur (1981 movie)|The Amateur]]'' || February 12, 1982 |- | ''[[Quest For Fire]]'' || February 12, 1982 |- | ''[[Melanie (movie)|Melanie]]'' || February 12, 1982 |- | ''[[Making Love]]'' || March 5, 1982 |- | ''[[Porky's]]'' || March 19, 1982 |- | ''[[Eating Raoul]]'' || March 24, 1982 |- | ''[[I Ought to Be in Pictures (movie)|I Ought to Be in Pictures]]'' || March 26, 1982 |- | ''[[Visiting Hours]]'' || May 28, 1982 |- | ''[[Author! Author! (movie)|Author! Author!]]'' || June 18, 1982 |- | ''[[Megaforce]]'' || June 25, 1982 |- | ''[[Young Doctors in Love]]'' || July 16, 1982 |- | ''[[Six Pack (movie)|Six Pack]]'' || July 16, 1982 |- | ''[[The Pirate Movie]]'' || August 6, 1982 |- | ''[[I, the Jury (1982 movie)|I, the Jury]]'' || October 9, 1982 |- | ''[[Monsignor (movie)|Monsignor]]'' || October 22, 1982 |- | ''[[National Lampoon's Class Reunion]]'' || October 29, 1982 |- | ''[[The Man from Snowy River (1982 movie)|The Man from Snowy River]]'' || November 5, 1982 |- | ''[[The Verdict]]'' || December 8, 1982 |- | ''[[The Hot Touch]]'' || December 10, 1982 |- | ''[[Kiss Me Goodbye (movie)|Kiss Me Goodbye]]'' || December 22, 1982 |- | ''[[The Entity]]'' || February 4, 1983 |- | ''[[Without a Trace (movie)|Without a Trace]]'' || February 4, 1983 |- | ''[[The King of Comedy (1983 movie)|The King of Comedy]]'' || February 18, 1983 |- | ''[[Max Dugan Returns]]'' || March 25, 1983 |- | ''[[Heart Like a Wheel (movie)|Heart Like a Wheel]]'' || April 1, 1983 |- | ''[[Tough Enough (movie)|Tough Enough]]'' || May 20, 1983 |- | ''[[Bill Cosby: Himself]]'' || May 20, 1983 |- | ''[[Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi]]'' || May 25, 1983 |- | ''[[Porky's II: The Next Day]]'' || June 24, 1983 |- | ''[[Mr. Mom]]'' || July 22, 1983 |- | ''[[The Star Chamber]]'' || August 5, 1983 |- | ''[[Phar Lap (movie)|Phar Lap]]'' || August 10, 1983 |- | ''[[Fire and Ice (1983 movie)|Fire and Ice]]'' || August 27, 1983 |- | ''[[The Osterman Weekend (movie)|The Osterman Weekend]]'' || October 14, 1983 |- | ''[[All the Right Moves (movie)|All the Right Moves]]'' || October 21, 1983 |- | ''[[A Night in Heaven]]'' || November 18, 1983 |- | ''[[Silkwood]]'' || December 14, 1983 |- | ''[[Two of a Kind (1983 movie)|Two of a Kind]]'' || December 16, 1983 |- | ''[[To Be or Not to Be (1983 movie)|To Be or Not to Be]]'' || December 16, 1983 |- | ''[[The Secret Diary of Sigmund Freud]]'' || 1984 |- | ''[[Careful, He Might Hear You]]'' || January 1, 1984 |- | ''[[Unfaithfully Yours (1984 movie)|Unfaithfully Yours]]'' || February 10, 1984 |- | ''[[Blame It on Rio]]'' || February 17, 1984 |- | ''[[Nankyoku Monogatari]]'' || March 30, 1984 |- | ''[[Romancing the Stone]]'' || March 30, 1984 |- | ''[[The Stone Boy]]'' || April 4, 1984 |- | ''[[Kidco]]'' || April 13, 1984 |- | ''[[The Buddy System (movie)|The Buddy System]]'' || May 4, 1984 |- | ''[[Rhinestone (movie)|Rhinestone]]'' || June 21, 1984 |- | ''[[Bachelor Party (1984 movie)|Bachelor Party]]'' || June 29, 1984 |- | ''[[The Gods Must Be Crazy]]'' || July 9, 1984 |- | ''[[Revenge of the Nerds]]'' || July 20, 1984 |- | ''[[The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension|The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension!]]'' || August 15, 1984 |- | ''[[Dreamscape (movie)|Dreamscape]]'' || August 15, 1984 |- | ''[[Impulse (1984 movie)|Impulse]]'' || September 28, 1984 |- | ''[[Give My Regards to Broad Street]]'' || October 23, 1984 |- | ''[[Paris, Texas (movie)|Paris, Texas]]'' || November 2, 1984 |- | ''[[Gimme an 'F']]'' || November 16, 1984 |- | ''[[The Flamingo Kid]]'' || December 21, 1984 |- | ''[[Johnny Dangerously]]'' || December 21, 1984 |- | ''[[Mischief (movie)|Mischief]]'' || February 8, 1985 |- | ''[[Turk 182]]'' || February 15, 1985 |- | ''[[Porky's Revenge]]'' || March 22, 1985 |- | ''[[Almost You]]'' || March 29, 1985 |- | ''[[Ladyhawke]]'' || April 12, 1985 |- | ''[[Moving Violations]]'' || April 19, 1985 |- | ''[[Secret Places (movie)|Secret Places]]'' || May 10, 1985 |- | ''[[Prizzi's Honor]]'' || June 13, 1985 |- | ''[[Cocoon (movie)|Cocoon]]'' || June 21, 1985 |- | ''[[The Man with One Red Shoe]]'' || July 19, 1985 |- | ''[[Key Exchange]]'' || August 14, 1985 |- | ''[[Warning Sign (movie)|Warning Sign]]'' || August 23, 1985 |- | ''[[Joshua Then and Now (movie)|Joshua Then and Now]]'' || September 20, 1985 |- | ''[[Plenty (movie)|Plenty]]'' || September 20, 1985 |- | ''[[The Doctor and the Devils]]'' || October 4, 1985 |- | ''[[Commando (1985 movie)|Commando]]'' || October 4, 1985 |- | ''[[Bad Medicine (movie)|Bad Medicine]]'' || November 22, 1985 |- | ''[[The Jewel of the Nile]]'' || December 11, 1985 |- | ''[[Enemy Mine (movie)|Enemy Mine]]'' || December 20, 1985 |- | ''[[The Boy in Blue (1986 movie)|The Boy in Blue]]'' || January 17, 1986 |- | ''[[Stripper (movie)|Stripper]]'' || January 31, 1986 |- | ''[[Power (movie)|Power]]'' || January 31, 1986 |- | ''[[The Vindicator (movie)|The Vindicator]]'' || February 14, 1986 |- | ''[[Death of an Angel]]'' || March 7, 1986 |- | ''[[Highlander (movie)|Highlander]]'' || March 7, 1986 |- | ''[[Lucas (movie)|Lucas]]'' || March 28, 1986 |- | ''[[Legend (movie)|Legend]]'' || April 18, 1986 |- | ''[[SpaceCamp]]'' || June 6, 1986 |- | ''[[The Manhattan Project (movie)|The Manhattan Project]]'' || June 13, 1986 |- | ''[[Big Trouble in Little China]]'' || July 2, 1986 |- | ''[[Aliens (movie)|Aliens]]'' || July 18, 1986 |- | ''[[The Boy Who Could Fly]]'' || August 14, 1986 |- | ''[[The Fly (1986 movie)|The Fly]]'' || August 15, 1986 |- | ''[[The Name of the Rose (movie)|The Name of the Rose]]'' || September 24, 1986 |- | ''[[Half Moon Street]]'' || September 26, 1986 |- | ''[[Jumpin' Jack Flash (movie)|Jumpin' Jack Flash]]'' || October 10, 1986 |- | ''[[Streets of Gold (movie)|Streets of Gold]]'' || November 14, 1986 |- | ''[[The Morning After (1986 movie)|The Morning After]]'' || December 25, 1986 |- | ''[[Wisdom (movie)|Wisdom]]'' || December 31, 1986 |- | ''[[Black Widow (1987 movie)|Black Widow]]'' || February 6, 1987 |- | ''[[Mannequin (1987 movie)|Mannequin]]'' || February 13, 1987 |- | ''[[Raising Arizona]]'' || March 6, 1987 |- | ''[[Project X (movie)|Project X]]'' || April 17, 1987 |- | ''[[Predator (movie)|Predator]]'' || June 12, 1987 |- | ''[[Revenge of the Nerds II: Nerds in Paradise]]'' || July 10, 1987 |- | ''[[The Pick-up Artist (movie)|The Pick-up Artist]]'' || September 18, 1987 |- | ''[[Big Shots (movie)|Big Shots]]'' || October 2, 1987 |- | ''[[The Princess Bride (movie)|The Princess Bride]]'' || October 9, 1987 |- | ''[[The Sicilian (movie)|The Sicilian]]'' || October 23, 1987 |- | ''[[Less Than Zero (movie)|Less Than Zero]]'' || November 6, 1987 |- | ''[[Wall Street (1987 movie)|Wall Street]]'' || December 11, 1987 |- | ''[[Broadcast News (movie)|Broadcast News]]'' || December 16, 1987 |- | ''[[Satisfaction (movie)|Satisfaction]]'' || February 12, 1988 |- | ''[[A Night in the Life of Jimmy Reardon]]'' || February 27, 1988 |- | ''[[Off Limits (1988 movie)|Off Limits]]'' || March 11, 1988 |- | ''[[Bad Dreams (movie)|Bad Dreams]]'' || April 8, 1988 |- | ''[[Big]]'' || June 3, 1988 |- | ''[[License to Drive]]'' || July 6, 1988 |- | ''[[Die Hard]]'' || July 15, 1988 |- | ''[[Young Guns]]'' || August 12, 1988 |- | ''[[Dead Ringers (movie)|Dead Ringers]]'' || September 23, 1988 |- | ''[[Alien Nation (movie)|Alien Nation]]'' || October 7, 1988 |- | ''[[Cocoon: The Return]]'' || November 23, 1988 |- | ''[[Working Girl]]'' || December 21, 1988 |- | ''[[Gleaming the Cube]]'' || January 13, 1989 |- | ''[[The Fly II]]'' || February 10, 1989 |- | ''[[Skin Deep (1989 movie)|Skin Deep]]'' || March 3, 1989 |- | ''[[Say Anything...]]'' || April 14, 1989 |- | ''[[How I Got into College]]'' || May 19, 1989 |- | ''[[Vampire's Kiss]]'' || June 2, 1989 |- | ''[[Weekend at Bernie's]]'' || July 5, 1989 |- | ''[[The Favorite]]'' || August 9, 1989 |- | ''[[The Abyss]]'' || August 9, 1989 |- | ''[[Millennium (1989 movie)|Millennium]]'' || August 25, 1989 |- | ''[[The Fabulous Baker Boys]]'' || October 13, 1989 |- | ''[[When the Whales Came]]'' || October 20, 1989 |- | ''[[Worth Winning]]'' || October 27, 1989 |- | ''[[The War of the Roses]]'' || December 8, 1989 |- | ''[[She-Devil]]'' || December 8, 1989 |} ==1990s== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Title ! Release Date |- | ''[[Downtown (movie)|Downtown]]'' || January 12, 1990 |- | ''[[A Matter of Degrees]]'' || January 22, 1990 |- | ''[[Nightbreed]]'' || February 16, 1990 |- | ''[[Nuns on the Run]]'' || March 16, 1990 |- | ''[[Vital Signs (1990 movie)|Vital Signs]]'' || April 13, 1990 |- | ''[[Short Time]]'' || May 4, 1990 |- | ''[[Die Hard 2]]'' || July 4, 1990 |- | ''[[The Adventures of Ford Fairlane]]'' || July 11, 1990 |- | ''[[Young Guns II]]'' || August 1, 1990 |- | ''[[The Exorcist III]]'' || August 17, 1990 |- | ''[[Miller's Crossing]]'' || September 21, 1990 |- | ''[[Pacific Heights (movie)|Pacific Heights]]'' || September 28, 1990 |- | ''[[Marked for Death]]'' || October 5, 1990 |- | ''[[Frankenstein Unbound]]'' || November 2, 1990 |- | ''[[Home Alone]]'' || November 16, 1990 |- | ''[[Predator 2]]'' || November 21, 1990 |- | ''[[Edward Scissorhands]]'' || December 7, 1990 |- | ''[[Come See the Paradise]]'' || December 23, 1990 |- | ''[[Sleeping with the Enemy]]'' || February 8, 1991 |- | ''[[Class Action]]'' || March 15, 1991 |- | ''[[The Five Heartbeats]]'' || March 29, 1991 |- | ''[[Mannequin Two: On the Move]]'' || May 17, 1991 |- | ''[[Omen IV: The Awakening]]'' || May 20, 1991 |- | ''[[Only the Lonely (movie)|Only the Lonely]]'' || May 24, 1991 |- | ''[[Dying Young]]'' || June 21, 1991 |- | ''[[Point Break]]'' || July 12, 1991 |- | ''[[Dutch (movie)|Dutch]]'' || July 19, 1991 |- | ''[[Hot Shots!]]'' || July 31, 1991 |- | ''[[The Commitments (movie)|The Commitments]]'' || August 14, 1991 |- | ''[[Barton Fink]]'' || August 21, 1991 |- | ''[[The Super]]'' || October 4, 1991 |- | ''[[29th Street (movie)|29th Street]]'' || November 1, 1991 |- | ''[[For the Boys]]'' || November 22, 1991 |- | ''[[Grand Canyon (1991 movie)|Grand Canyon]]'' || December 25, 1991 |- | ''[[Naked Lunch (movie)|Naked Lunch]]'' || December 27, 1991 |- | ''[[Rock and Roll Fantasy (movie)|Rock and Roll Fantasy]]'' || 1992 |- | ''[[Shining Through]]'' || January 31, 1992 |- | ''[[Back in the USSR (movie)|Back in the USSR]]'' || February 7, 1992 |- | ''[[This Is My Life (movie)|This Is My Life]]'' || February 21, 1992 |- | ''[[My Cousin Vinny]]'' || March 13, 1992 |- | ''[[White Men Can't Jump]]'' || March 27, 1992 |- | ''[[FernGully: The Last Rainforest]]'' || April 10, 1992 |- | ''[[Folks!]]'' || May 1, 1992 |- | ''[[Alien 3]]'' || May 22, 1992 |- | ''[[Unlawful Entry (movie)|Unlawful Entry]]'' || June 26, 1992 |- | ''[[Prelude to a Kiss (movie)|Prelude to a Kiss]]'' || July 10, 1992 |- | ''[[Man Trouble]]'' || July 17, 1992 |- | ''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer (movie)|Buffy the Vampire Slayer]]'' || July 31, 1992 |- | ''[[Rapid Fire (1992 movie)|Rapid Fire]]'' || August 21, 1992 |- | ''[[Storyville (movie)|Storyville]]'' || August 26, 1992 |- | ''[[Jumpin' at the Boneyard]]'' || September 18, 1992 |- | ''[[The Last of the Mohicans (1992 movie)|The Last of the Mohicans]]'' || September 25, 1992 |- | ''[[Night and the City (1992 movie)|Night and the City]]'' || October 16, 1992 |- | ''[[Love Potion No. 9 (movie)|Love Potion No. 9]]'' || November 13, 1992 |- | ''[[Home Alone 2: Lost in New York]]'' || November 20, 1992 |- | ''[[Used People]]'' || December 16, 1992 |- | ''[[Toys (movie)|Toys]]'' || December 18, 1992 |- | ''[[Hoffa]]'' || December 25, 1992 |- | ''[[The Vanishing (1993 movie)|The Vanishing]]'' || February 5, 1993 |- | ''[[Best of the Best 2]]'' || March 5, 1993 |- | ''[[Hear No Evil (movie)|Hear No Evil]]'' || March 26, 1993 |- | ''[[Jack the Bear]]'' || April 2, 1993 |- | ''[[The Sandlot]]'' || April 7, 1993 |- | ''[[Hot Shots! Part Deux]]'' || May 21, 1993 |- | ''[[Once Upon a Forest]]'' || June 18, 1993 |- | ''[[Rookie of the Year (movie)|Rookie of the Year]]'' || July 7, 1993 |- | ''[[Robin Hood: Men in Tights]]'' || July 28, 1993 |- | ''[[Rising Sun (movie)|Rising Sun]]'' || July 30, 1993 |- | ''[[Only the Strong]]'' || August 27, 1993 |- | ''[[The Good Son (movie)|The Good Son]]'' || September 24, 1993 |- | ''[[Freaked]]'' || October 1, 1993 |- | ''[[The Beverly Hillbillies (1993 movie)|The Beverly Hillbillies]]'' || October 15, 1993 |- | ''[[Mrs. Doubtfire]]'' || November 24, 1993 |- | ''[[Ghost in the Machine (movie)|Ghost in the Machine]]'' || December 29, 1993 |- | ''[[Sugar Hill (1994 movie)|Sugar Hill]]'' || February 25, 1994 |- | ''[[The Chase (1994 movie)|The Chase]]'' || March 4, 1994 |- | ''[[Bad Girls (1994 movie)|Bad Girls]]'' || April 22, 1994 |- | ''[[PCU (movie)|PCU]]'' || April 29, 1994 |- | ''[[Trading Mom]]'' || May 13, 1994 |- | ''[[Speed (1994 movie)|Speed]]'' || June 10, 1994 |- | ''[[Baby's Day Out]]'' || July 1, 1994 |- | ''[[True Lies]]'' || July 15, 1994 |- | ''[[Airheads]]'' || August 5, 1994 |- | ''[[The Scout (movie)|The Scout]]'' || September 30, 1994 |- | ''[[Miracle on 34th Street (1994 movie)|Miracle on 34th Street]]'' || November 18, 1994 |- | ''[[The Pagemaster]]'' || November 23, 1994 |- | ''[[Trapped in Paradise]]'' || December 2, 1994 |- | ''[[Nell (movie)|Nell]]'' || December 14, 1994 |- | ''[[Far from Home: The Adventures of Yellow Dog]]'' || January 13, 1995 |- | ''[[Bye Bye Love (movie)|Bye Bye Love]]'' || March 17, 1995 |- | ''[[Kiss of Death (1995 movie)|Kiss of Death]]'' || April 21, 1995 |- | ''[[French Kiss (movie)|French Kiss]]'' || May 5, 1995 |- | ''[[Die Hard with a Vengeance]]'' || May 19, 1995 |- | ''[[Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie]]'' || June 30, 1995 |- | ''[[Nine Months]]'' || July 14, 1995 |- | ''[[Bushwhacked (movie)|Bushwhacked]]'' || August 4, 1995 |- | ''[[The Brothers McMullen]]'' || August 11, 1995 |- | ''[[A Walk in the Clouds]]'' || August 11, 1995 |- | ''[[Steal Big Steal Little]]'' || September 29, 1995 |- | ''[[Strange Days (movie)|Strange Days]]'' || October 13, 1995 |- | ''[[The Price of Love (movie)|The Price of Love]]'' || November 28, 1995 |- | ''[[White Man's Burden (movie)|White Man's Burden]]'' || December 1, 1995 |- | ''[[Waiting to Exhale]]'' || December 22, 1995 |- | ''[[Dunston Checks In]]'' || January 12, 1996 |- | ''[[Broken Arrow (1996 movie)|Broken Arrow]]'' || February 9, 1996 |- | ''[[Down Periscope]]'' || March 1, 1996 |- | ''[[The Truth About Cats and Dogs]]'' || April 26, 1996 |- | ''[[The Great White Hype]]'' || May 3, 1996 |- | ''[[Moll Flanders (1996 movie)|Moll Flanders]]'' || June 14, 1996 |- | ''[[Independence Day (movie)|Independence Day]]'' || July 2, 1996 |- | ''[[Courage Under Fire]]'' || July 12, 1996 |- | ''[[Chain Reaction (movie)|Chain Reaction]]'' || August 2, 1996 |- | ''[[That Thing You Do!]]'' || October 4, 1996 |- | ''[[William Shakespeare's Romeo + Juliet|Romeo + Juliet]]'' || November 1, 1996 |- | ''[[The Secret Agent (1996 movie)|The Secret Agent]]'' || November 8, 1996 |- | ''[[Jingle All the Way]]'' || November 22, 1996 |- | ''[[The Crucible (1996 movie)|The Crucible]]'' || November 27, 1996 |- | ''[[One Fine Day]]'' || December 20, 1996 |- | ''[[Blood and Wine]]'' || February 21, 1997 |- | ''[[Smilla's Sense of Snow]]'' || February 28, 1997 |- | ''[[Turbo: A Power Rangers Movie]]'' || March 28, 1997 |- | ''[[Inventing the Abbotts]]'' || April 4, 1997 |- | ''[[Paradise Road (1997 movie)|Paradise Road]]'' || April 11, 1997 |- | ''[[Volcano (movie)|Volcano]]'' || April 25, 1997 |- | ''[[Speed 2: Cruise Control]]'' || June 13, 1997 |- | ''[[Out to Sea]]'' || July 2, 1997 |- | ''[[Picture Perfect (1997 movie)|Picture Perfect]]'' || August 1, 1997 |- | ''[[The Full Monty]]'' || August 15, 1997 |- | ''[[Casper: A Spirited Beginning]]'' || September 9, 1997 |- | ''[[The Edge (1997 movie)|The Edge]]'' || September 26, 1997 |- | ''[[Soul Food (movie)|Soul Food]]'' || September 26, 1997 |- | ''[[A Life Less Ordinary]]'' || October 24, 1997 |- | ''[[The Ice Storm]]'' ||October 31, 1997 |- | ''[[Cold Around the Heart]]'' || November 7, 1997 |- | ''[[Anastasia (1997 movie)|Anastasia]]'' || November 14, 1997 |- | ''[[Alien: Resurrection]]'' || November 26, 1997 |- | ''[[Home Alone 3]]'' || December 12, 1997 |- | ''[[Titanic (1997 movie)|Titanic]]'' || December 19, 1997 |- | ''[[Oscar and Lucinda (movie)|Oscar and Lucinda]]'' ||January 2, 1998 |- | ''[[Firestorm (movie)|Firestorm]]'' || January 9, 1998 |- | ''[[Great Expectations (1998 movie)|Great Expectations]]'' || January 30, 1998 |- | ''[[The Newton Boys]]'' || March 27, 1998 |- | ''[[The Object of My Affection]]'' || April 17, 1998 |- | ''[[Bulworth]]'' || May 15, 1998 |- | ''[[Hope Floats]]'' || May 29, 1998 |- | ''[[Cousin Bette (1998 movie)|Cousin Bette]]'' || June 12, 1998 |- | ''[[The X-Files (movie)|The X-Files: Fight the Future]]'' || June 19, 1998 |- | ''[[Dr. Dolittle (movie)|Dr. Dolittle]]'' || June 26, 1998 |- | ''[[There's Something About Mary]]'' || July 15, 1998 |- | ''[[Polish Wedding]]'' || July 17, 1998 |- | ''[[Ever After|Ever After: A Cinderella Story]]'' || July 29, 1998 |- | ''[[How Stella Got Her Groove Back]]'' || August 14, 1998 |- | ''[[Casper Meets Wendy]]'' || September 22, 1998 |- | ''[[The Impostors]]'' || October 2, 1998 |- | ''[[The Siege]]'' || November 6, 1998 |- | ''[[Waking Ned Devine]]'' || November 20, 1998 |- | ''[[The Thin Red Line (1998 movie)|The Thin Red Line]]'' || December 25, 1998 |- | ''[[A Cool, Dry Place]]'' || January 29, 1999 |- | ''[[Simply Irresistible]]'' || February 5, 1999 |- | ''[[Office Space]]'' || February 19, 1999 |- | ''[[Wing Commander (movie)|Wing Commander]]'' || March 12, 1999 |- | ''[[Ravenous]]'' || March 19, 1999 |- | ''[[Never Been Kissed]]'' || April 9, 1999 |- | ''[[Pushing Tin]]'' || April 23, 1999 |- | ''[[Entrapment (movie)|Entrapment]]'' || April 30, 1999 |- | ''[[A Midsummer's Night Dream (1999 movie)|A Midsummer's Night Dream]]'' || April 30, 1999 |- | ''[[Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace]]'' || May 19, 1999 |- | ''[[Lake Placid (movie)|Lake Placid]]'' || July 16, 1999 |- | ''[[Brokedown Palace]]'' || August 13, 1999 |- | ''[[Best Laid Plans (1999 movie)|Best Laid Plans]]'' || September 10, 1999 |- | ''[[Whiteboyz]]'' || September 10, 1999 |- | ''[[Drive Me Crazy]]'' || October 1, 1999 |- | ''[[Sex, Shame and Tears]]'' || October 1, 1999 |- | ''[[Boys Don't Cry (movie)|Boys Don't Cry]]'' ||October 8, 1999 |- | ''[[Fight Club (movie)|Fight Club]]'' || October 15, 1999 |- | ''[[Light It Up (movie)|Light It Up]]'' || November 10, 1999 |- | ''[[Anywhere But Here (movie)|Anywhere But Here]]'' || November 12, 1999 |- | ''[[Anna and the King]]'' || December 17, 1999 |- | ''[[Titus (movie)|Titus]]'' || December 24, 1999 |} ==2000s== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Title ! Release Date |- | ''[[The Beach (movie)|The Beach]]'' || February 11, 2000 |- | ''[[Here on Earth (movie)|Here on Earth]]'' || March 24, 2000 |- | ''[[Where the Heart Is (2000 movie)|Where the Heart Is]]'' || April 28, 2000 |- | ''[[Big Momma's House]]'' || June 2, 2000 |- | ''[[Titan A.E.]]'' || June 16, 2000 |- | ''[[Me, Myself & Irene]]'' || June 23, 2000 |- | ''[[X-Men (movie)|X-Men]]'' || July 14, 2000 |- | ''[[What Lies Beneath]]'' || July 21, 2000 |- | ''[[Sunset Strip (movie)|Sunset Strip]]'' || August 18, 2000 |- | ''[[Digimon: The Movie]]'' || October 6, 2000 |- | ''[[Tigerland]]'' || October 6, 2000 |- | ''[[Bedazzled (2000 movie)|Bedazzled]]'' || October 20, 2000 |- | ''[[The Legend of Bagger Vance]]'' || November 3, 2000 |- | ''[[Men of Honor]]'' || November 10, 2000 |- | ''[[Quills]]'' || November 24, 2000 |- | ''[[Cast Away]]'' || December 7, 2000 |- | ''[[Dude, Where's My Car?]]'' || December 15, 2000 |- | ''[[Monkeybone]]'' || February 23, 2001 |- | ''[[Say It Isn't So (movie)|Say It Isn't So]]'' || March 23, 2001 |- | ''[[Someone Like You (movie)|Someone Like You]]'' || March 30, 2001 |- | ''[[Freddy Got Fingered]]'' || April 20, 2001 |- | ''[[Moulin Rouge!]]'' || June 1, 2001 |- | ''[[Sexy Beast]]'' || June 15, 2001 |- | ''[[Dr. Dolittle 2]]'' || June 22, 2001 |- | ''[[Kiss of the Dragon]]'' || July 6, 2001 |- | ''[[Planet of the Apes (2001 movie)|Planet of the Apes]]'' || July 27, 2001 |- | ''[[The Deep End (movie)|The Deep End]]'' || August 10, 2001 |- | ''[[Glitter (movie)|Glitter]]'' || September 21, 2001 |- | ''[[Don't Say a Word]]'' || September 28, 2001 |- | ''[[Joy Ride (movie)|Joy Ride]]'' || October 5, 2001 |- | ''[[From Hell (movie)|From Hell]]'' || October 19, 2001 |- | ''[[Shallow Hal]]'' || November 9, 2001 |- | ''[[Black Knight (movie)|Black Knight]]'' || November 21, 2001 |- | ''[[Behind Enemy Lines (movie)|Behind Enemy Lines]]'' || November 30, 2001 |- | ''[[Joe Somebody]]'' || December 21, 2001 |- | ''[[Kung Pow: Enter the Fist]]'' || January 25, 2002 |- | ''[[Ice Age (movie)|Ice Age]]'' || March 15, 2002 |- | ''[[High Crimes]]'' || April 5, 2002 |- | ''[[Life or Something Like It]]'' || April 26, 2002 |- | ''[[Unfaithful (2002 movie)|Unfaithful]]'' || May 10, 2002 |- | ''[[Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones]]'' || May 16, 2002 |- | ''[[Minority Report (movie)|Minority Report]]'' || June 21, 2002 |- | ''[[The First $20 Million Is Always the Hardest]]'' || June 28, 2002 |- | ''[[Like Mike]]'' || July 3, 2002 |- | ''[[Road to Perdition]]'' || July 12, 2002 |- | ''[[I Love You Baby]]'' || August 4, 2002 |- | ''[[One Hour Photo]]'' || August 23, 2002 |- | ''[[Swimfan]]'' || September 6, 2002 |- | ''[[The Transporter]]'' || October 11, 2002 |- | ''[[Solaris (2002 movie)|Solaris]]'' || November 27, 2002 |- | ''[[Drumline (movie)|Drumline]]'' || December 13, 2002 |- | ''[[Just Married]]'' || January 10, 2003 |- | ''[[Daredevil (movie)|Daredevil]]'' || February 14, 2003 |- | ''[[Deadly Stingers]]'' || March 28, 2003 |- | ''[[Phone Booth (movie)|Phone Booth]]'' || April 4, 2003 |- | ''[[Chasing Papi]]'' || April 16, 2003 |- | ''[[X2 (movie)|X2: X-Men United]]'' || May 2, 2003 |- | ''[[Down with Love]]'' || May 16, 2003 |- | ''[[Wrong Turn]]'' || May 30, 2003 |- | ''[[From Justin to Kelly]]'' || June 20, 2003 |- | ''[[28 Days Later]]'' || June 27, 2003 |- | ''[[The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (movie)|The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen]]'' || July 11, 2003 |- | ''[[The Order (2003 movie)|The Order]]'' || September 5, 2003 |- | ''[[Hangman's Curse (movie)|Hangman's Curse]]'' || September 12, 2003 |- | ''[[Runaway Jury]]'' || October 17, 2003 |- | ''[[Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World]]'' || November 14, 2003 |- | ''[[Stuck on You (movie)|Stuck on You]]'' || December 12, 2003 |- | ''[[Cheaper by the Dozen (2003 movie)|Cheaper by the Dozen]]'' || December 25, 2003 |- | ''[[Catch That Kid]]'' || February 6, 2004 |- | ''[[Welcome to Mooseport]]'' || February 23, 2004 |- | ''[[The Girl Next Door (2004 movie)|The Girl Next Door]]'' || April 9, 2004 |- | ''[[Man on Fire (2004 movie)|Man on Fire]]'' || April 23, 2004 |- | ''[[The Day After Tomorrow]]'' || May 28, 2004 |- | ''[[Garfield: The Movie]]'' || June 11, 2004 |- | ''[[Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story]]'' || June 18, 2004 |- | ''[[I, Robot (movie)|I, Robot]]'' || July 16, 2004 |- | ''[[Alien vs. Predator (movie)|Alien vs. Predator]]'' || August 13, 2004 |- | ''[[Paparazzi (2004 movie)|Paparazzi]]'' || September 3, 2004 |- | ''[[First Daughter (2004 movie)|First Daughter]]'' || September 24, 2004 |- | ''[[Taxi (2004 movie)|Taxi]]'' || October 6, 2004 |- | ''[[Flight of the Phoenix (2004 movie)|Flight of the Phoenix]]'' || December 17, 2004 |- | ''[[Fat Albert (movie)|Fat Albert]]'' || December 25, 2004 |- | ''[[Elektra (2005 movie)|Elektra]]'' || January 14, 2005 |- | ''[[Hide and Seek (2005 movie)|Hide and Seek]]'' || January 28, 2005 |- | ''[[Because of Winn-Dixie (movie)|Because of Winn-Dixie]]'' || February 18, 2005 |- | ''[[Robots (movie)|Robots]]'' || March 11, 2005 |- | ''[[Logan Swan (2005 movie)|Logan Swan]]'' || March 20, 2005 |- | ''[[Fever Pitch (2005 movie)|Fever Pitch]]'' || April 8, 2005 |- |[[Buzzu (2005 film; fanmade)|Buzzu]] |May 2, 2005 |- | ''[[Kingdom of Heaven]]'' || May 6, 2005 |- | ''[[Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith]]'' || May 19, 2005 |- | ''[[Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005 movie)|Mr. & Mrs. Smith]]'' || June 10, 2005 |- | ''[[Rebound (movie)|Rebound]]'' || July 1, 2005 |- | ''[[Fantastic Four (movie)|Fantastic Four]]'' || July 8, 2005 |- | ''[[Supercross (movie)|Supercross]]'' || August 17, 2005 |- | ''[[Transporter 2]]'' || Septembebr 2, 2005 |- | ''[[Separate Lies]]'' || September 16, 2005 |- | ''[[In Her Shoes (2005 movie)|In Her Shoes]]'' || September 24, 2005 |- | ''[[Little Manhattan]]'' || September 30, 2005 |- | ''[[Stay (2005 movie)|Stay]]'' || October 21, 2005 |- | ''[[Walk the Line]]'' || November 18, 2005 |- | ''[[The Family Stone]]'' || December 16, 2005 |- | ''[[Cheaper by the Dozen 2]]'' || December 21, 2005 |- | ''[[Grandma's Boy (2006 movie)|Grandma's Boy]]'' || January 6, 2006 |- | ''[[Tristan & Isolde (movie)|Tristan & Isolde]]'' || January 13, 2006 |- | ''[[Big Momma's House 2]]'' || January 27, 2006 |- | ''[[Date Movie]]'' || February 17, 2006 |- | ''[[Aquamarine (movie)|Aquamarine]]'' || March 3, 2006 |- | ''[[Ice Age: The Meltdown]]'' || March 31, 2006 |- | ''[[The Sentinel (2006 movie)|The Sentinel]]'' || April 21, 2006 |- | ''[[Just My Luck]]'' || May 12, 2006 |- | ''[[X-Men: The Last Stand]]'' || May 26, 2006 |- | ''[[The Omen (2006 movie)|The Omen]]'' || June 6, 2006 |- | ''[[Garfield: A Tail of Two Kitties]]'' || June 16, 2006 |- | ''[[The Devil Wears Prada (movie)|The Devil Wears Prada]]'' || June 30, 2006 |- | ''[[My Super Ex-Girlfriend]]'' || July 21, 2006 |- | ''[[John Tucker Must Die]]'' || July 28, 2006 |- | ''[[Idiocracy]]'' || September 1, 2006 |- | ''[[Everyone's Hero]]'' || September 15, 2006 |- | ''[[Bandidas]]'' || September 22, 2006 |- | ''[[The Marine]]'' || October 13, 2006 |- | ''[[Flicka]]'' || October 20, 2006 |- | ''[[Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan]]'' || November 3, 2006 |- | ''[[A Good Year]]'' || November 10, 2006 |- | ''[[Deck the Halls (movie)|Deck the Halls]]'' || November 22, 2006 |- | ''[[The Fountain]]'' || November 22, 2006 |- | ''[[Eragon (movie)|Eragon]]'' || December 14, 2006 |- | ''[[Night at the Museum]]'' || December 22, 2006 |- | ''[[Thr3e (movie)|Thr3e]]'' || January 5, 2007 |- | ''[[Epic Movie]]'' || January 26, 2007 |- | ''[[Reno 911!: Miami]]'' || February 23, 2007 |- | ''[[Firehouse Dog]]'' || April 4, 2007 |- | ''[[Pathfinder (2007 movie)|Pathfinder]]'' || April 13, 2007 |- | ''[[Live Free or Die Hard]]'' || June 27, 2007 |- | ''[[Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer]]'' || June 15, 2007 |- | ''[[The Simpsons Movie]]'' || July 27, 2007 |- | ''[[Death Sentence (2007 movie)|Death Sentence]]'' || August 31, 2007 |- | ''[[The Seeker: The Dark is Rising]]'' || October 5, 2007 |- | ''[[Hitman (2007 movie)|Hitman]]'' || November 21, 2007 |- | ''[[Mr. Magorium's Wonder Emporium]]'' || November 16, 2007 |- | ''[[Alvin and the Chipmunks (movie)|Alvin and the Chipmunks]]'' || December 14, 2007 |- | ''[[Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem]]'' || December 25, 2007 |- | ''[[27 Dresses]]'' || January 10, 2008 |- | ''[[Meet the Spartans]]'' || January 25, 2008 |- | ''[[Jumper (movie)|Jumper]]'' || February 14, 2008 |- | ''[[Horton Hears a Who! (movie)|Dr. Seuss' Horton Hears a Who!]]'' || March 14, 2008 |- | ''[[Shutter (2008 movie)|Shutter]]'' || March 21, 2008 |- | ''[[Nim's Island]]'' || April 4, 2008 |- | ''[[Deception (2008 movie)|Deception]]'' || April 25, 2008 |- | ''[[What Happens in Vegas]]'' || May 9, 2008 |- | ''[[The Happening (2008 movie)|The Happening]]'' || June 13, 2008 |- | ''[[Meet Dave]]'' || July 11, 2008 |- | ''[[Space Chimps]]'' || July 18, 2008 |- | ''[[The X-Files: I Want to Believe]]'' || July 25, 2008 |- | ''[[Mirrors (movie)|Mirrors]]'' || August 15, 2008 |- | ''[[The Rocker (movie)|The Rocker]]'' || August 20, 2009 |- | ''[[Babylon A.D. (movie)|Babylon A.D.]]'' || August 29, 2008 |- | ''[[City of Ember]]'' || October 13, 2008 |- | ''[[Max Payne (movie)|Max Payne]]'' || October 17, 2008 |- | ''[[The Haunting of Molly Hartley]]'' || October 31, 2008 |- | ''[[Australia (2008 movie)|Australia]]'' || November 26, 2008 |- | ''[[The Day the Earth Stood Still (2008 movie)|The Day the Earth Stood Still]]'' || December 12, 2008 |- | ''[[Marley & Me (movie)|Marley & Me]]'' ||December 26, 2008 |- | ''[[Bride Wars]]'' || January 9, 2009 |- | ''[[Taken (movie)|Taken]]'' || January 30, 2009 |- | ''[[Street Fighter: The Legend of Chun-Li]]'' || February 27, 2009 |- | ''[[12 Rounds (movie)|12 Rounds]]'' || March 27, 2009 |- | ''[[Dragonball Evolution]]'' || April 10, 2009 |- | ''[[X-Men Origins: Wolverine]]'' || May 1, 2009 |- | ''[[Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian]]'' || May 22, 2009 |- | ''[[Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs]]'' || July 1, 2009 |- | ''[[I Love You, Beth Cooper (movie)|I Love You, Beth Cooper]]'' || July 10, 2009 |- | ''[[Aliens in the Attic]]'' || July 31, 2009 |- | ''[[All About Steve]]'' || September 4, 2009 |- | ''[[Jennifer's Body]]'' || September 18, 2009 |- | ''[[Fantastic Mr. Fox (movie)|Fantastic Mr. Fox]]'' || November 25, 2009 |- | ''[[Avatar (2009 movie)|Avatar]]'' || December 18, 2009 |- | ''[[Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel]]'' ||December 25, 2009 |} ==2010s== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%" |+ |- ! style="width:120px;" scope="col" | Release date ! Title ! Notes |- | style="text-align:right;" | January 22, 2010 ||''[[Tooth Fairy (2010 movie)|Tooth Fairy]] ''|| co-production with [[Walden Media]], Mayhem Pictures, [[Blumhouse Productions]] and [[Dune Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | February 12, 2010 ||''[[Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief]] ''|| as [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]; co-production with [[Di Bonaventura Pictures]], [[1492 Pictures]], Sunswept Entertainment and [[Dune Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | March 19, 2010 ||''[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid (movie)|Diary of a Wimpy Kid]]''|| as [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]; co-production with [[Dune Entertainment]] and [[Color Force]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | April 9, 2010 ||''[[Date Night]]''|| co-production with [[21 Laps Entertainment]] and [[Dune Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite news | url = https://variety.com/2010/film/markets-festivals/date-night-1117942539/ | title = Date Night | last = Lowenstein | first = Lael | work = [[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] | date = April 5, 2010 | accessdate = June 15, 2019 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;" | June 4, 2010 ||''[[Marmaduke (movie)|Marmaduke]]''|| co-production with [[Regency Enterprises]], [[Davis Entertainment]] and [[Dune Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | June 11, 2010 ||''[[The A-Team (movie)|The A-Team]]''|| co-production with [[Dune Entertainment]], [[Scott Free Productions]], [[Stephen J. Cannell|Cannell Studios]] and [[Top Cow Productions]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | June 25, 2010 ||''[[Knight and Day]]''|| co-production with [[Regency Enterprises]] and [[Dune Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | July 9, 2010 ||''[[Predators (movie)|Predators]]''|| co-production with [[Dune Entertainment]], [[Troublemaker Studios]] and [[Davis Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | July 23, 2010 ||''[[Ramona and Beezus]]''|| as [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]; co-production with [[Walden Media]], [[Dune Entertainment]] and [[Denise Di Novi|Di Novi Pictures]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | August 20, 2010 ||''[[Vampires Suck]]''|| distribution only; produced by [[Regency Enterprises]] and [[New Regency Productions]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | September 3, 2010 ||''[[Machete (2010 movie)|Machete]]''|| USA distributor; co-production with [[Dune Entertainment]], [[Hyde Park Entertainment]] and [[Troublemaker Studios]]; [[Dimension Films]] handled international rights |- | style="text-align:right;" | September 24, 2010 ||''[[Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps]]''|| co-production with [[Dune Entertainment]] and Edward Pressman Productions |- | style="text-align:right;" | November 12, 2010 ||''[[Unstoppable (2010 movie)|Unstoppable]]''|| co-production with [[Dune Entertainment]] and [[Scott Free Productions]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | November 26, 2010 ||''[[Love & Other Drugs]]''|| as [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]; co-production with [[Regency Enterprises]], [[New Regency Productions]], [[Scott Stuber|Stuber Pictures]], [[Bedford Falls Productions]] and [[Dune Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | December 10, 2010 ||''[[The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader]]''|| as [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]; co-production with [[Walden Media]] and [[Dune Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | December 25, 2010 ||''[[Gulliver's Travels (2010 movie)|Gulliver's Travels]]''|| co-production with [[Dune Entertainment]] and [[Davis Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | February 18, 2011 ||''[[Big Mommas: Like Father Like Son]]''|| distribution only, produced by [[Regency Enterprises]], [[New Regency Productions]], [[Martin Lawrence|Runteldat Entertainment]], The Collective and Friendly Films |- | style="text-align:right;" | March 25, 2011 ||''[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules (movie)|Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules]]''|| as [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]; co-production with [[Dune Entertainment]] and [[Color Force]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | April 15, 2011 ||''[[Rio (2011 movie)|Rio]]''|| as [[20th Century Fox Animation]]; co-production with [[Blue Sky Studios]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | April 22, 2011 ||''[[Water for Elephants (movie)|Water for Elephants]]''|| as [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]; co-production with [[3 Arts Entertainment]], Flashpoint Entertainment, [[Dune Entertainment]], [[Ingenious Media]] and Big Screen Productions |- | style="text-align:right;" | June 3, 2011 ||''[[X-Men: First Class]]''|| co-production with [[Dune Entertainment]], [[Marvel Entertainment]], [[Bad Hat Harry Productions]], [[The Donners' Company]] and [[Ingenious Film Partners]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | June 17, 2011 ||''[[Mr. Popper's Penguins (movie)|Mr. Popper's Penguins]]''|| co-production with [[Dune Entertainment]] and [[Davis Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | July 1, 2011 ||''[[Monte Carlo (2011 movie)|Monte Carlo]]''|| as [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]; co-production with [[Regency Enterprises]], [[Dune Entertainment]] and [[Denise Di Novi|Di Novi Pictures]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | August 5, 2011 ||''[[Rise of the Planet of the Apes]]''|| co-production with [[Chernin Entertainment]], [[Dune Entertainment]], Big Screen Productions, [[Ingenious Media]] and [[Ingenious Film Partners]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | August 12, 2011 ||''[[Glee: The 3D Concert Movie]]''|| co-production with [[Dune Entertainment]] and [[Ryan Murphy (writer)|Ryan Murphy Productions]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | September 30, 2011 ||''[[What's Your Number?]]''|| distribution only; produced by [[Regency Enterprises]], [[New Regency Productions]] and [[Beau Flynn|Contrafilm]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | October 14, 2011 ||''[[The Big Year]]''|| as [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]; co-production with [[Red Hour Productions]], [[Dune Entertainment]], [[Curtis Hanson|Deuce Three Productions]] and Sunswept Entertainment |- | style="text-align:right;" | October 28, 2011 ||''[[In Time]]''|| distribution only; produced by [[Regency Enterprises]], [[New Regency Productions]] and [[Strike Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | December 9, 2011 ||''[[The Sitter (2011 movie)|The Sitter]]''|| co-production with [[Michael De Luca|Michael De Luca Productions]], [[Rough House Productions]] and [[Dune Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | December 16, 2011 ||''[[Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked]]''|| as [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]; co-production with [[Regency Enterprises]], [[Alvin and the Chipmunks|Bagdasarian Productions]] and [[Dune Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | December 23, 2011 ||''[[We Bought a Zoo]]''|| co-production with LBI Entertainment, [[Vinyl Films]] and [[Dune Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | December 25, 2011 ||''[[The Darkest Hour (movie)|The Darkest Hour]]''|| international distribution only; produced by [[Summit Entertainment]], [[Regency Enterprises]], [[New Regency Productions]], [[Di Bonaventura Pictures]], [[John Calley|Skylark Productions]] and [[Nina Jacobson|The Jacobson Company]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | January 20, 2012 ||''[[Red Tails]]''|| USA distribution only; co-production with [[Lucasfilm]], [[FilmNation Entertainment]] and [[Alliance Films]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | February 3, 2012 ||''[[Chronicle (movie)|Chronicle]]''|| co-production with [[Dune Entertainment]] and [[Davis Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | February 17, 2012 ||''[[This Means War (movie)|This Means War]]''|| co-production with [[Dune Entertainment]], [[Robert Simonds|Robert Simonds Company]] and [[Overbrook Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://catalog.afi.com/Film/68415-THIS-MEANS-WAR | work = [[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]] | accessdate = December 28, 2018 | title = AFI&#124;Catalog }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;" | April 13, 2012 ||''[[The Three Stooges (2012 movie)|The Three Stooges]]''|| co-production with [[Farrelly brothers|Conundrum Entertainment]] and [[Dune Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | June 8, 2012 ||''[[Prometheus (2012 movie)|Prometheus]]''|| co-production with [[Dune Entertainment]] and [[Scott Free Productions]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | June 22, 2012 ||''[[Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter]]''|| co-production with [[Dune Entertainment]] and [[John Calley|Skylark Productions]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | July 13, 2012 ||''[[Ice Age: Continental Drift]]''|| as [[20th Century Fox Animation]]; co-production with [[Blue Sky Studios]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | July 27, 2012 ||''[[The Watch (2012 movie)|The Watch]]''|| co-production with [[21 Laps Entertainment]], [[TSG Entertainment]], Big Screen Productions, [[Ingenious Film Partners]] and [[Ingenious Media]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | August 3, 2012 ||''[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days (movie)|Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days]]''|| as [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]; co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]] and [[Color Force]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | September 28, 2012 ||''[[Won't Back Down (movie)|Won't Back Down]]''|| released as [[Walden Media]]; co-production with [[Gran Via Productions]]; USA distributor |- | style="text-align:right;" | October 5, 2012 ||''[[Taken 2]]''|| co-production with [[EuropaCorp]], [[John Calley|Skylark Productions]] and [[Canal+]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | October 26, 2012 ||''[[Chasing Mavericks]]''|| as [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]; co-production with [[Walden Media]] and [[TSG Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | November 9, 2012 ||''[[Lincoln (movie)|Lincoln]]''|| Nominee of the Academy Award for Best Picture and the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Drama.<br />international distribution only; produced by [[DreamWorks Pictures]], [[Regency Enterprises]], [[New Regency Productions]], [[Amblin Entertainment]], [[Participant Media]], [[The Kennedy/Marshall Company]] and [[Reliance Entertainment]]; USA distribution rights handled by [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] through [[Touchstone Pictures]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | November 23, 2012 ||''[[Life of Pi (movie)|Life of Pi]]''|| Nominee of the Academy Award for Best Picture and the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Drama.<br />as [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]; co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]] and [[Ang Lee|Big Machine Studios]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | December 25, 2012 ||''[[Parental Guidance (movie)|Parental Guidance]]''|| co-production with [[Walden Media]], [[Chernin Entertainment]] and [[TSG Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | January 18, 2013 ||''[[Broken City]]''|| USA distribution only; produced by [[Inferno Distribution]], [[Regency Enterprises]], [[New Regency Productions]], [[Emmett/Furla/Oasis Films|Emmett/Furla Films]], [[Black Bear Pictures]], Closest to the Hole Productions, Leverage Communications and Envision Entertainment |- | style="text-align:right;" | February 14, 2013 ||''[[A Good Day to Die Hard]]''|| co-production with [[Dune Entertainment]] and [[Giant Pictures]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | March 18, 2013 ||''[[Cheech and Chong's Animated Movie]]''|| international distribution only; co-production with [[Houston Curtis Pictures]], [[Chamber Bros. Entertainment]], [[Big Vision Entertainment]] and [[Ode Visuals]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | March 22, 2013 ||''[[The Croods]]''|| distribution only; produced by [[DreamWorks Animation]]; the first DreamWorks Animation film to be distributed by the studio |- | style="text-align:right;" | May 24, 2013 ||''[[Epic (2013 movie)|Epic]]''|| as [[20th Century Fox Animation]]; co-production with [[Blue Sky Studios]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | June 7, 2013 ||''[[The Internship]]''|| co-production with [[Regency Enterprises]], Wild West Picture Show, [[21 Laps Entertainment]] and [[Dune Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | June 28, 2013 ||''[[The Heat (movie)|The Heat]]''|| co-production with [[Chernin Entertainment]] and [[Dune Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | July 17, 2013 ||''[[Turbo (movie)|Turbo]]''|| distribution only; produced by [[DreamWorks Animation]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | July 26, 2013 ||''[[The Wolverine (movie)|The Wolverine]]''|| co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]], [[Bad Hat Harry Productions]], [[Marvel Entertainment]], [[Hugh Jackman|Seed Productions]] and [[The Donners' Company]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | August 7, 2013 ||''[[Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters]]''|| as [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]; co-production with [[Di Bonaventura Pictures]], [[1492 Pictures]], Sunswept Entertainment and [[TSG Entertainment]], |- | style="text-align:right;" | October 4, 2013 ||''[[Runner Runner]]''|| distribution only; produced by [[Regency Enterprises]], [[New Regency Productions]], [[Original Film]], [[Appian Way Productions]] and [[Michael Shamberg|Double Feature Films]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | October 25, 2013 ||''[[The Counselor]]''|| as [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]; co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]], [[Scott Free Productions]], [[Nick Wechsler (film producer)|Nick Wechsler Productions]] and [[Chockstone Pictures]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | November 8, 2013 ||''[[The Book Thief (movie)|The Book Thief]]''|| as [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]; co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]], Sunswept Entertainment and [[Studio Babelsberg]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | December 20, 2013 ||''[[Walking with Dinosaurs (movie)|Walking with Dinosaurs]]''|| USA distributor; co-production with [[Reliance Entertainment]], [[IM Global]] and Evergreen Films |- | style="text-align:right;" | December 27, 2013 ||''[[The Secret Life of Walter Mitty (2013 movie)|The Secret Life of Walter Mitty]]''|| co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]], [[New Line Cinema]], [[Red Hour Productions]], [[Samuel Goldwyn Films]] and [[Gore Verbinski|Blind Wink Productions]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | January 17, 2014 ||''[[Devil's Due (movie)|Devil's Due]]''|| co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]] and [[Davis Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | February 7, 2014||''[[The Monuments Men]]''|| as [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]; co-production with [[Columbia Pictures]], [[TSG Entertainment]], [[LSC Corporation]], [[Babelsberg Studios]] and [[Smokehouse Pictures]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | February 28, 2014 ||''[[Son of God (movie)|Son of God]]''|| co-production with [[Lightworkers Media]] and [[TSG Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | March 7, 2014 ||''[[Mr. Peabody & Sherman]]''|| distribution only; produced by [[DreamWorks Animation]], [[Pacific Data Images]] and [[Bullwinkle Studios]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | April 11, 2014 ||''[[Rio 2]]''|| as [[20th Century Fox Animation]]; co-production with [[Blue Sky Studios]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | April 25, 2014 ||''[[The Other Woman (2014 movie)|The Other Woman]]''|| co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | May 23, 2014 ||''[[X-Men: Days of Future Past]]''|| co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]], [[Marvel Entertainment]], [[Bad Hat Harry Productions]], [[The Donners' Company]], [[Ingenious Media]] and Big Screen Productions |- | style="text-align:right;" | June 6, 2014 ||''[[The Fault in Our Stars (movie)|The Fault in Our Stars]]''|| as [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]; co-production with [[Temple Hill Entertainment]] and [[TSG Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | June 13, 2014 ||''[[How to Train Your Dragon 2]]''|| distribution only; produced by [[DreamWorks Animation]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | July 11, 2014 ||''[[Dawn of the Planet of the Apes]]''|| co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]], [[Chernin Entertainment]], [[Ingenious Media]], Big Screen Productions and [[Ingenious Film Partners]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | August 5, 2014 ||''[[Dragon Ball Z: Battle of Gods]]''|| USA theatrical and TV distribution only with [[Funimation]]; produced by [[Toei Company]] and [[Toei Animation]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | August 15, 2014 ||''[[Let's Be Cops]]''|| co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]] and [[Kinberg Genre]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | September 19, 2014 ||''[[The Maze Runner (movie)|The Maze Runner]]''|| as [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]; co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]], [[Mace Neufeld|Mace Neufeld Productions]], [[Gotham Group]] and [[Temple Hill Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | October 3, 2014 ||''[[Gone Girl (movie)|Gone Girl]]''|| co-production with [[Regency Enterprises]] and [[TSG Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | October 17, 2014 ||''[[The Book of Life (2014 movie)|The Book of Life]]''|| co-production with [[20th Century Fox Animation]], [[Fox Animation Studios]] and [[Reel FX Creative Studios]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | November 26, 2014 ||''[[Penguins of Madagascar]]''|| distribution only; produced by [[DreamWorks Animation]] and [[Pacific Data Images]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | December 5, 2014 ||''[[The Pyramid (movie)|The Pyramid]]''|| UK film; co-production with [[Silvatar Media]] and [[Fox International Productions]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | December 12, 2014 ||''[[Exodus: Gods and Kings]]''|| co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]], [[Scott Free Productions]], [[Chernin Entertainment]] and [[Babieka and Volcano Films]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | December 19, 2014 ||''[[Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb]]''|| co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]], [[21 Laps Entertainment]] and [[1492 Pictures]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | January 9, 2015 ||''[[Taken 3]]''|| co-production with [[EuropaCorp]], [[John Calley|Skylark Productions]], [[M6 Films]], [[Ciné+]] and [[Canal+]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | February 13, 2015 ||''[[Kingsman: The Secret Service]]''|| co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]], [[Marv Films]], [[Cloudy Productions]] and [[Shangri-La Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | March 6, 2015 ||''[[Unfinished Business (2015 movie)|Unfinished Business]]''|| distribution only; produced by [[Regency Enterprises]], [[New Regency Productions]], [[Escape Artists]] and [[Pariah Films]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | March 27, 2015 ||''[[Home (2015 movie)|Home]]''|| distribution only; produced by [[DreamWorks Animation]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | April 10, 2015 ||''[[The Longest Ride (movie)|The Longest Ride]]''|| as [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]; co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]] and [[Temple Hill Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | May 22, 2015 ||''[[Poltergeist (2015 movie)|Poltergeist]]''|| as [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]; co-production with [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures]], [[Ghost House Pictures]], [[Vertigo Entertainment]] and [[TSG Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | May 29, 2015 ||''[[Aloha (2015 movie)|Aloha]]''|| International distribution only; co-production with [[Columbia Pictures]], [[Regency Enterprises]], [[LStar Capital]], [[Vinyl Films]], [[TSG Entertainment]] and [[Scott Rudin|Scott Rudin Productions]]<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/aloha-film-review-796217 | title = 'Aloha': Film Review | last = Linden | first = Sherri | work = [[The Hollywood Reporter]] | date = 2015-05-28 | accessdate = 2017-06-20 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;" | June 5, 2015 ||''[[Spy (2015 movie)|Spy]]''|| co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]] and [[Chernin Entertainment]] |- | align="right" rowspan="2"| July 24, 2015 || ''[[Paper Towns (movie)|Paper Towns]]'' || co-production and [[Temple Hill Entertainment]] and [[TSG Entertainment]] |- | ''[[Smosh: The Movie]]'' || USA distribution only, co-production [[Defy Media]] and [[AwesomenessTV]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | August 4, 2015 ||''[[Dragon Ball Z: Resurrection 'F']]''|| USA theatrical distribution only with [[Funimation]]; produced by [[Toei Company]] and [[Toei Animation]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | August 7, 2015 ||''[[Fantastic Four (2015 movie)|Fantastic Four]]''|| co-production with [[Constantin Film]], [[Marvel Entertainment]], [[TSG Entertainment]], [[Marv Films]] and [[Kinberg Genre]]; reboot of the [[Fantastic Four (2005 movie)|2005 movie of the same name]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | August 21, 2015 ||''[[Hitman: Agent 47]]''|| co-production with Giant Pictures, Daybreak Films, and [[TSG Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | September 18, 2015 ||''[[Maze Runner: The Scorch Trials]]''|| co-production with [[Mace Neufeld|Mace Neufeld Productions]], [[Gotham Group]], [[Temple Hill Entertainment]] and [[TSG Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | October 2, 2015 ||''[[The Martian (movie)|The Martian]]''|| Nominee of the Academy Award for Best Picture.<br />Winner of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy.<br />co-production with [[Scott Free Productions]] and [[TSG Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | October 16, 2015 ||''[[Bridge of Spies (movie)|Bridge of Spies]]''|| Nominee of the Academy Award for Best Picture.<br />international distribution only as [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]; produced by [[DreamWorks Pictures]], [[Regency Enterprises]], [[New Regency Productions]], [[Participant Media]], [[Reliance Entertainment]], [[The Kennedy/Marshall Company]] and [[Amblin Entertainment]]; USA distribution handled by [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] through [[Touchstone Pictures]]<br>[[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] now owns worldwide rights due to [[Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney|acquisition of 21st Century Fox]]. |- | style="text-align:right;" | November 6, 2015 ||''[[The Peanuts Movie]]''|| as [[20th Century Fox Animation]]; co-production with [[Blue Sky Studios]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | November 27, 2015 ||''[[Victor Frankenstein (movie)|Victor Frankenstein]]''|| co-production with [[Di Bonaventura Pictures]], [[Davis Entertainment]], [[Mace Neufeld|Mace Neufeld Productions]], Sunswept Entertainment, [[TSG Entertainment]] and [[John Calley|Skylark Productions]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | December 18, 2015 ||''[[Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Road Chip]]''|| as [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]; co-production with [[Regency Enterprises]], [[Alvin and the Chipmunks|Bagdasarian Productions]] and [[TSG Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" rowspan="2" | December 25, 2015 ||''[[Joy (movie)|Joy]]''|| Nominee of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy. as [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]; co-production with [[Davis Entertainment]], [[Annapurna Pictures]] and [[TSG Entertainment]] |- |''[[The Revenant (2015 movie)|The Revenant]]''|| Nominee of the Academy Award for Best Picture. Winner of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Drama. presentation of a [[New Regency Productions|New Regency Production]], [[Anonymous Content]] and [[RatPac Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | January 29, 2016 ||''[[Kung Fu Panda 3]]''|| distribution only; produced by [[DreamWorks Animation]], [[China Film Group]] and [[Pearl Studio|Oriental DreamWorks]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | February 12, 2016 ||''[[Deadpool (movie)|Deadpool]]''|| co-production with [[Marvel Entertainment]], [[Kinberg Genre]] and [[The Donners' Company]];<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.screendaily.com/reviews/deadpool-review/5099623.article | title = 'Deadpool': Review | last = Grierson | first = Tim | work = [[Screen Daily]] | date = 2016-02-07 | accessdate = 2017-04-22 }}</ref> not to be confused with 1988's [[The Dead Pool]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | February 26, 2016 ||''[[Eddie the Eagle (movie)|Eddie the Eagle]]''|| distribution outside of the UK, co-production with [[Lionsgate Films]], [[TSG Entertainment]], [[Marv Films]], Saville Productions and [[Babelsberg Studio]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | March 4, 2016 ||''[[The Other Side of the Door (2016 movie)|The Other Side of the Door]]''|| USA distributor; co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]], [[Gotham Group]] and [[John Calley|Skylark Productions]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | May 6, 2016 ||''[[Florence Foster Jenkins (movie)|Florence Foster Jenkins]]''|| UK distribution only; produced by [[Pathé]] and [[BBC Films]], [[Paramount Pictures]] (as [[Reliance Entertainment]]) handled U.S. rights<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.empirecinemas.co.uk/synopsis/florence_foster_jenkins/f4951 | title = Florence Foster Jenkins | website = Empire Cinemas | accessdate = August 10, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;" | May 27, 2016 ||''[[X-Men: Apocalypse]]''|| co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]], [[The Donners' Company]], [[Bad Hat Harry Productions]] and [[Marvel Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | June 24, 2016 ||''[[Independence Day: Resurgence]]''|| co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]], [[Centropolis Entertainment]], and [[Electric Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | July 8, 2016 ||''[[Mike and Dave Need Wedding Dates]]''|| co-production with [[Chernin Entertainment]] and [[TSG Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | July 22, 2016 ||''[[Ice Age: Collision Course]]''|| as [[20th Century Fox Animation]]; co-production with [[Blue Sky Studios]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | September 2, 2016 ||''[[Morgan (2016 movie)|Morgan]]''|| co-production with [[Scott Free Productions]], [[TSG Entertainment]], and Sunswept Entertainment |- | style="text-align:right;" | September 30, 2016 ||''[[Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children (movie)|Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children]]''|| co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]], [[Chernin Entertainment]] and [[Tim Burton Productions]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | October 21, 2016 ||''[[Keeping Up with the Joneses (movie)|Keeping Up with the Joneses]]''|| as [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]; co-production with [[Walter F. Parkes|Parkes+MacDonald Image Nation]] and [[TSG Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | November 4, 2016 ||''[[Trolls (movie)|Trolls]]''|| distribution only; produced by [[DreamWorks Animation]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | November 23, 2016 ||''[[Rules Don't Apply]]''|| distribution only; produced by [[Regency Enterprises]], [[Worldview Entertainment]], [[New Regency Productions]] and [[RatPac Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | December 21, 2016 ||''[[Assassin's Creed (movie)|Assassin's Creed]]''|| distribution only; produced by [[Regency Enterprises]], [[Ubisoft Motion Pictures]], [[New Regency Productions]], [[DMC Films]], and [[The Kennedy/Marshall Company]] <ref name="insight">{{cite web | url = http://www.varietyinsight.com/print_featurefilm_releases.php | title = Film releases | work = [[Variety Insight]] | accessdate = November 25, 2016 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;" | December 23, 2016 ||''[[Why Him?]]''|| co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]], [[21 Laps Entertainment]] and [[Red Hour Productions]]<ref name="insight" /> |- | style="text-align:right;" | December 25, 2016 ||''[[Hidden Figures]]''|| as [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]; co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]], [[Jenno Topping|Tall Trees Productions]], [[Chernin Entertainment]] and [[Levantine Films]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | February 17, 2017 ||''[[A Cure for Wellness]]''|| distribution only; produced by [[Regency Enterprises]], [[Gore Verbinski|Blind Wink Productions]] and [[New Regency Productions]]<ref name="insight-feb2017">{{cite web | url = http://www.varietyinsight.com/print_featurefilm_releases.php | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170218043334/http://www.varietyinsight.com/print_featurefilm_releases.php | title = Film releasaes | work = [[Variety Insight]] | archivedate = February 18, 2017 | accessdate = April 22, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;" | March 3, 2017 ||''[[Logan (2017 movie)|Logan]]''|| co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]], [[Marvel Entertainment]], [[The Donners' Company]], [[Malpaso Productions]] and [[Hutch Parker Entertainment]]<ref name="insight-feb2017" /> |- | style="text-align:right;" | March 31, 2017 ||''[[The Boss Baby]]''|| distribution only; produced by [[DreamWorks Animation]]<ref name="insight-feb2017" /> |- | style="text-align:right;" | May 12, 2017 ||''[[Snatched (2017 movie)|Snatched]]''|| co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]], [[Jenno Topping|Jenno Topping Enterprises]], [[Chernin Entertainment]] and [[Paul Feig|Feigco Entertainment]]<ref name="insight" /> |- | style="text-align:right;" rowspan="2" | May 19, 2017 ||''[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul (movie)|Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul]]''|| as [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]; co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]] and [[Color Force]]<ref name="insight" /> |- |''[[Alien: Covenant]]''|| co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]] and [[Scott Free Productions]]<ref name="insight" /> |- | style="text-align:right;" | June 2, 2017 ||''[[Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie]]''|| distribution only; produced by [[DreamWorks Animation]] and [[Scholastic Entertainment]]<ref name="insight-feb2017" /><br>The last [[DreamWorks Animation]] film to be distributed by the studio |- | style="text-align:right;" | July 14, 2017 ||''[[War for the Planet of the Apes]]''|| co-production with [[Chernin Entertainment]] and [[TSG Entertainment]]<ref name="insight" /> |- | style="text-align:right;" | September 22, 2017 ||''[[Kingsman: The Golden Circle]]''|| co-production with [[Marv Films]], [[Shangri-La Entertainment]], Cloudy Productions and [[TSG Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | October 6, 2017 ||''[[The Mountain Between Us (movie)|The Mountain Between Us]]''|| as [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]; co-production with [[Cube Vision]], [[TSG Entertainment]] and [[Chernin Entertainment]]<ref name="insight" /> |- | style="text-align:right;" | November 10, 2017 ||''[[Murder on the Orient Express (2017 movie)|Murder on the Orient Express]]''|| co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]], [[The Mark Gordon Company]], [[Genre Films]] and [[Scott Free Productions]]<ref name="insight" /> |- | style="text-align:right;" | December 15, 2017 ||''[[Ferdinand (movie)|Ferdinand]]''|| as [[20th Century Fox Animation]]; co-production with [[Blue Sky Studios]] and [[Davis Entertainment]]<ref name="insight" /> |- | style="text-align:right;" | December 20, 2017 ||''[[The Greatest Showman]]''|| co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]], [[Chernin Entertainment]], [[Jenno Topping|Jenno Topping Enterprises]], [[Hugh Jackman|Seed Productions]] and [[Lawrence Mark|Lawrence Mark Productions]]<ref name="insight" /> |- | style="text-align:right;" | December 22, 2017 ||''[[The Post (movie)|The Post]]''|| Nominee of the Academy Award for Best Picture. USA distribution only; co-production with [[DreamWorks Pictures]], [[Reliance Entertainment]], [[TSG Entertainment]], [[Amblin Entertainment]], [[Amy Pascal|Pascal Pictures]] and [[Star Thrower Entertainment]]<ref name="insight" /> |- | style="text-align:right;" | January 12, 2018 ||''[[Condorito: La Película|Condorito: The Movie]]''|| Latin America distributor; co-production with [[Pantelion Films]], [[Arronax|Arronax Animation Studios]] and [[Pajaracco Films]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | January 26, 2018 ||''[[Maze Runner: The Death Cure]]''|| co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]], [[Mace Neufeld|Mace Neufeld Productions]], [[Gotham Group]] and [[Temple Hill Entertainment]]<ref name="insight" /> |- | style="text-align:right;" | March 2, 2018 ||''[[Red Sparrow]]''|| co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]], [[Jenno Topping|Jenno Topping Enterprises]], [[Chernin Entertainment]] and [[Film Rites]]<ref name="insight" /> |- | style="text-align:right;" | March 16, 2018 ||''[[Love, Simon]]''|| as [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]; co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]] and [[Berlanti Productions]]<ref>{{cite web | url = https://deadline.com/2015/10/simon-vs-the-homo-sapiens-agenda-fox-2000-1201597453/ | title = YA Novel 'Simon Vs The Homo Sapiens Agenda' Acquired By Fox 2000 | last = Fleming Jr | first = Mike | website = [[Deadline Hollywood]] | date = October 29, 2015 | accessdate = April 24, 2017 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;" | May 18, 2018 ||''[[Deadpool 2]]''|| co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]], [[Marvel Entertainment]], [[Genre Films]] and [[The Donners' Company]]<ref name="insight" /> |- | style="text-align:right;" | August 3, 2018 ||''[[The Darkest Minds]]''|| co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]], [[21 Laps Entertainment]] and [[Film Rites]]<ref name="insight" /> |- | style="text-align:right;" | September 14, 2018 ||''[[The Predator (movie)|The Predator]]''|| co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]], [[Davis Entertainment]], [[Silver Pictures]] and [[Lawrence Gordon (producer)|Lawrence Gordon Productions]]<ref name="insight" /> |- | style="text-align:right;" | September 28, 2018 ||''[[The Old Man & the Gun]]''|| international distribution only; [[Fox Searchlight Pictures]] handled USA rights co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]], [[Endgame Entertainment]], [[Condé Nast Entertainment]], Sailor Bear, [[Identity Films]], Tango Productions and [[Wildwood Enterprises, Inc|Wildwood Enterprises]]<ref name="insight" /> |- | style="text-align:right;" | October 12, 2018 ||''[[Bad Times at the El Royale]]''|| co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]], and [[Drew Goddard|Goddard Textiles]]<ref name="insight" /> |- | style="text-align:right;" | October 19, 2018 ||''[[The Hate U Give (movie)|The Hate U Give]]''|| as [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]; co-production with [[Temple Hill Entertainment]] and [[George Tillman, Jr.|State Street Pictures]]<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/948123-the-hate-u-give-release-date-set-for-october | title = The Hate U Give Release Date Set for October | last1 = Perry | first1 = Spencer | website = ComingSoon.net | date = May 23, 2018 | accessdate = May 24, 2018 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;" | November 2, 2018 ||''[[Bohemian Rhapsody (movie)|Bohemian Rhapsody]]''|| Nominee of the Academy Award for Best Picture; co-production with [[Regency Enterprises]], [[TSG Entertainment]], [[New Regency Productions]] and [[GK Films]]<ref name="insight" /> |- | style="text-align:right;" | November 16, 2018 ||''[[Widows (2018 movie)|Widows]]''|| co-production with [[Regency Enterprises]], [[TSG Entertainment]], [[New Regency Productions]], [[Film4]], [[See-Saw Films]] and [[Steve McQueen (director)|Lammas Park Productions]]<ref name="insight" /> |- | style="text-align:right;" | December 12, 2018 ||''[[Once Upon A Deadpool]]''|| PG-13 version of ''[[Deadpool 2]]''. co-production with [[Marvel Entertainment]], [[TSG Entertainment]], [[The Donners' Company]] and [[Genre Films]]<ref>{{cite web | url = https://screenrant.com/deadpool-2-movie-pg-13-release-date/ | title = Deadpool 2: PG-13 Version Hitting Theaters In December 2018 | date = 28 September 2018 | website = ScreenRant }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;" | January 16, 2019 ||''[[Dragon Ball Super: Broly]]''|| USA distribution only with [[Funimation]]; produced by [[Toei Company]] and [[Toei Animation]]<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-07-09/dragon-ball-super-film-reveals-dragon-ball-super-broly-title-visual/.133123 | title = Dragon Ball Super Film Reveals Dragon Ball Super: Broly Title, Visual | last = Pineda | first = Rafael Antonio | work = [[Anime News Network]] | date = July 9, 2018 | accessdate = July 10, 2018 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;" | January 25, 2019 ||''[[The Kid Who Would Be King]]''|| co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]], [[Working Title Films]] and [[Big Talk Productions]]<ref name="insight" /> |- | style="text-align:right;" | February 14, 2019 ||''[[Alita: Battle Angel]]''|| co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]], [[Lightstorm Entertainment]]<ref name="deadline.com">{{cite web | url = https://deadline.com/2018/09/dark-phoenix-alita-battle-angel-deadpool-gambit-release-date-changes-1202473229/ | title = 'Alita' Flies Out Of Christmas, 'Dark Phoenix' To Rise Summer, 'Deadpool 2' Re-release Hits Sked, 'Gambit' Now 2020 – Fox Date Changes | first1 = Anthony | last1 = D'Alessandro | first2 = Anthony | last2 = D'Alessandro | date = 28 September 2018 | publisher = }}</ref> and [[Troublemaker Studios]]; Last film to be released by 20th Century Fox as a stand-alone studio. |- | style="text-align:right;" | April 17, 2019 ||''[[Breakthrough (2019 movie)|Breakthrough]]''|| as [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]; co-production with [[Franklin Entertainment]] and [[Unanimous Media]]; First film to be released after the Disney purchase. |- | style="text-align:right;" | June 7, 2019 ||''[[Dark Phoenix (movie)|Dark Phoenix]]''|| co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]], [[Genre Films]], [[Hutch Parker Entertainment]], [[Marvel Entertainment]], and [[The Donners' Company]]<ref name="deadline.com" /> |- | style="text-align:right;" | July 12, 2019 ||''[[Stuber (movie)|Stuber]]''|| co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]] and [[GoldDay Productions]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | August 9, 2019 ||''[[The Art of Racing in the Rain (movie)|The Art of Racing in the Rain]]''|| as [[Fox 2000 Pictures]]; co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]], [[Original Film]] and [[Starbucks Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | September 20, 2019 ||''[[Ad Astra (movie)|Ad Astra]]''|| co-production with [[Regency Enterprises]], [[TSG Entertainment]], [[Plan B Entertainment]], [[RT Features]], [[Keep Your Head Productions]] and [[Mad River Films]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | September 27, 2019 || ''[[Judy (movie)|Judy]]'' || UK distribution only, produced by [[Pathé]], [[BBC Films]], Calamity Films and [[BFI]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | November 1, 2019 ||''[[Terminator: Dark Fate]]''|| international distribution only; produced by [[Reliance Entertainment]], [[Skydance Media]], [[Paramount Pictures]], [[Tencent Pictures]], and [[Lightstorm Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | November 15, 2019 ||''[[Ford v Ferrari]]''|| Nominee of the Academy Award for Best Picture. co-production with [[Chernin Entertainment]], [[TSG Entertainment]] and [[Turnpike Films]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | December 25, 2019 ||''[[Spies in Disguise]]''|| as [[20th Century Fox Animation]]; co-production with [[Blue Sky Studios]] and [[Chernin Entertainment]]; Last film to be released by [[Blue Sky Studios]]; First animated film to be released after the Disney purchase. |} ==2020s== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:99%;" |- ! scope="col" style="width:130px;" | Release date ! scope="col" | Title ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes |- | style="text-align:right;"| January 10, 2020 | scope="row" | ''[[Underwater (movie)|Underwater]]'' | co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]] and [[Chernin Entertainment]]. Last movie released under the [[20th Century Fox]] name<ref name="Vary">{{cite web | url = https://variety.com/2020/film/news/disney-dropping-fox-20th-century-studios-1203470349/ | title = Disney Drops Fox Name, Will Rebrand as 20th Century Studios, Searchlight Pictures | website = [[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] | first = Adam | last = Vary | date = January 17, 2020 | accessdate = January 17, 2020 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2020|2|21}} | scope="row" | ''[[The Call of the Wild (2020 film)|The Call of the Wild]]'' | co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]] and [[3 Arts Entertainment]]; First film released under the 20th Century Studios name |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2020|8|28}} | scope="row" | ''[[The New Mutants (film)|The New Mutants]]'' | co-production with [[Genre Films]], [[Marvel Entertainment]], Sunswept Entertainment and [[TSG Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2020|10|23}} | scope="row" | ''[[The Empty Man (film)|The Empty Man]]'' | co-production with [[Boom! Studios]]; Final film released under the 20th Century Fox name |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2021|05|14}} | scope="row" | ''[[The Woman in the Window (2021 film)|The Woman in the Window]]'' * | co-production with [[Fox 2000 Pictures]], [[TSG Entertainment]], and [[Scott Rudin|Scott Rudin Productions]]; final Fox 2000 Pictures film; distributed by [[Netflix]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2021|8|13}} | scope="row" | ''[[Free Guy]]'' | co-production with [[21 Laps Entertainment]], [[Maximum Effort]], [[Berlanti Productions]], Lit Entertainment Group and [[TSG Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2021|8|27}} | scope="row" | ''[[Vacation Friends]]'' {{double-dagger}} | co-production with Broken Road Productions; distributed by [[Hulu]] in the United States, [[Star+]] in Latin America, and [[Disney+]] internationally via [[Star (Disney+)|Star]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|September 17, 2021}} | scope="row" | ''[[Everybody's Talking About Jamie (film)|Everybody's Talking About Jamie]]'' * | co-production with [[Regency Enterprises]], [[Film4 Productions]] and [[Warp Films]]; distributed by [[Amazon Studios]] under [[Amazon Prime Video]]{{efn|name=AmazonJamie|The film was originally scheduled to be released by 20th Century, but distribution rights were sold to Amazon Studios.}} |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2021|10|15}} | scope="row" | ''[[The Last Duel (2021 film)|The Last Duel]]'' | co-production with [[Scott Free Productions]], [[Pearl Street Films]] and [[TSG Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2021|10|22}} | scope="row" | ''[[Ron's Gone Wrong]]'' | co-production with [[20th Century Animation]], [[TSG Entertainment]], [[Locksmith Animation]] and [[DNEG Animation|DNEG Feature Animation]]; first animated film released under the 20th Century Studios name |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2021|11|12}} | scope="row" | ''[[Home Sweet Home Alone]]'' {{double-dagger}} | co-production with Hutch Parker Entertainment; distributed by [[Disney+]]. |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2021|12|3}} | scope="row" | ''[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid (2021 film)|Diary of a Wimpy Kid]]'' {{double-dagger}} | co-production with [[20th Century Animation]] and [[Bardel Entertainment]]; distributed by [[Disney+]]{{efn|name=WaltDisneyPictures|The film was originally produced by [[20th Century Studios]], but was released under [[Walt Disney Pictures]].}} |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2021|12|10}} | scope="row" | ''[[West Side Story (2021 film)|West Side Story]]'' | co-production with [[Amblin Entertainment]] and [[TSG Entertainment]]; nominee of the Academy Award for [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] and winner of [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2021|12|22}} | scope="row" | ''[[The King's Man]]'' | co-production with [[Marv Studios]], Cloudy Productions and [[TSG Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2022|1|28}} | scope="row" | ''[[The Ice Age Adventures of Buck Wild]]'' {{double-dagger}} | co-production with [[20th Century Animation]] distributed by [[Disney+]]{{efn|name=WaltDisneyPictures}} |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2022|2|11}} | scope="row" | ''[[Death on the Nile (2022 film)|Death on the Nile]]'' | co-production with [[TSG Entertainment]], [[Genre Films]], [[The Mark Gordon Company]] and [[Scott Free Productions]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2022|2|25}} | scope="row" | ''[[No Exit (2022 film)|No Exit]]'' {{double-dagger}} | co-production with Flitcraft; distributed by [[Hulu]] in the United States, [[Star+]] in Latin America, and [[Disney+]] internationally via [[Star (Disney+)|Star]] |- | style="text-align:right;" rowspan="2"|{{dts|2022|3|18}} | scope="row" | ''[[Cheaper by the Dozen (2022 film)|Cheaper by the Dozen]]'' {{double-dagger}} | copyright holder only; produced by [[Walt Disney Pictures]] and [[Kenya Barris|Khalabo Ink Society]]; distributed by [[Disney+]]{{efn|name=WaltDisneyPictures}} |- | scope="row" | ''[[Deep Water (2022 film)|Deep Water]]'' {{double-dagger}} * | co-production with [[Regency Enterprises]], [[New Regency Productions]], [[Entertainment One]], [[Steven Zaillian|Film Rites]], [[Guymon Casady|Entertainment 360]] and Keep Your Head; distributed by [[Hulu]] in the United States and [[Amazon Prime Video]] internationally{{efn|name=uncredited|The film was originally produced by [[20th Century Studios]], but the studio went uncredited upon release of the film.}} |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2022|4|01}} | scope="row" | ''[[Better Nate Than Ever (film)|Better Nate Than Ever]]'' {{double-dagger}} | copyright holder only; produced by [[Walt Disney Pictures]] and [[Marc Platt (producer)|Marc Platt Productions]]; distributed by [[Disney+]]{{efn|name=WaltDisneyPictures}} |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2022|5|27}} | scope="row" | ''[[The Bob's Burgers Movie]]'' | co-production with [[20th Century Animation]], [[20th Century Family]], [[Bento Box Entertainment]] and [[Loren Bouchard|Wilo Productions]]. |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2022|7|1}} | scope="row" | ''[[The Princess (2022 action film)|The Princess]]'' {{double-dagger}} | co-production with [[Original Film]] and [[87Eleven Entertainment]] ; distributed by [[Hulu]] in the United States, [[Star+]] in Latin America, and [[Disney+]] internationally via [[Star (Disney+)|Star]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2022|8|5}} | scope="row" | ''[[Prey (2022 film)|Prey]]'' {{double-dagger}} | co-production with [[Lawrence Gordon Productions]] and [[Davis Entertainment]]; distributed by [[Hulu]] in the United States, [[Star+]] in Latin America, and [[Disney+]] internationally via [[Star (Disney+)|Star]] |- | align="right" rowspan="2" |{{dts|2022|9|9}} | scope="row" | ''[[Barbarian (2022 film)|Barbarian]]'' | co-production with [[Regency Enterprises]], Almost Never Films, Hammerstone Studios, [[Vertigo Entertainment]] and Boulderlight Pictures |- | scope="row" | ''[[Brahmāstra: Part One – Shiva]]'' | North American distribution only; co-production with [[Dharma Productions]], [[DNEG|Prime Focus]] and Starlight Pictures; distributed by [[Star Studios]] in India and [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] internationally through [[Buena Vista International]] (except Latin America and Europe) |- | style="text-align:right;" rowspan="2"|{{dts|2022|10|07}} | scope="row" | ''[[Amsterdam (2022 film)|Amsterdam]]'' | co-production with [[Regency Enterprises]], [[DreamCrew]], [[Anthony Katagas|Keep Your Head Productions]], Corazon Hayagriva, Forest Hill Entertainment and Canterbury Glass Productions |- | scope="row" | ''[[Hellraiser (2022 film)|Hellraiser]]'' {{double-dagger}} * | co-production with [[Spyglass Media Group]], Phantom Four Films and 247Hub; distributed by [[Hulu]] in the United States and [[Paramount Pictures]] internationally{{efn|name=uncredited}} |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2022|10|14}} | scope="row" | ''[[Rosaline (film)|Rosaline]]'' {{double-dagger}} |co-production with [[21 Laps Entertainment]]; distributed by [[Hulu]] in the United States, [[Star+]] in Latin America, and [[Disney+]] internationally via [[Star (Disney+)|Star]] |- | rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2022|12|02}} | scope="row" | ''[[Darby and the Dead]]'' {{double-dagger}} |co-production with Footprint Features; distributed by [[Hulu]] in the United States, [[Star+]] in Latin America, and [[Disney+]] internationally via [[Star (Disney+)|Star]] |- | scope="row" | ''[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules (2022 film)|Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules]]'' {{double-dagger}} |copyright holder only; produced by [[Walt Disney Pictures]]; distributed by [[Disney+]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2022|12|9}} | scope="row" | ''[[Night at the Museum: Kahmunrah Rises Again]]'' {{double-dagger}} | copyright holder only; co-production with [[21 Laps Entertainment]], [[Alibaba Pictures]] and [[Atomic Cartoons]]; distributed by [[Disney+]]{{efn|name=WaltDisneyPictures}} |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2022|12|16}} | scope="row" | ''[[Avatar: The Way of Water]]'' | co-production with [[Lightstorm Entertainment]] and [[TSG Entertainment|TSG Entertainment II]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2023|1|19}} | scope="row" | ''Fervo'' |copyright holder only; co-production with [[Star Original Productions]], Movie and [[TF1]] Studio{{efn|In the promotional of Fervo, 20th Century Studios appears as copyright holder as Star Distribution Brazil (formerly known as Buena Vista International Brazil) distributes the movie.}} |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2023|3|17}} | scope="row" | ''[[Boston Strangler (film)|Boston Strangler]]'' {{double-dagger}} |co-production with [[Scott Free Productions]] and [[LuckyChap Entertainment]]; distributed by [[Hulu]], [[Star+]] in Latin America, and [[Disney+]] internationally via [[Star (Disney+)|Star]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2023|5|12}} | scope="row" | ''[[Crater (film)|Crater]]'' {{double-dagger}} | co-production with [[21 Laps Entertainment]]; distributed by [[Disney+]]{{efn|name=WaltDisneyPictures}} |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2023|5|19}} | scope="row" | ''[[White Men Can't Jump (2023 film)|White Men Can't Jump]]'' {{double-dagger}} | co-production with [[Kenya Barris|Khalabo Ink Society]] and Mortal Media; distributed by [[Hulu]] in the United States, [[Disney+]] internationally via [[Star (Disney+)|Star]], and [[Star+]] in Latin America |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2023|6|2}} | scope="row" | ''[[The Boogeyman (2023 film)|The Boogeyman]]'' | co-production with [[21 Laps Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2023|8|25}} | scope="row" | ''[[Vacation Friends 2]]'' {{double-dagger}} | distributed by [[Hulu]] in the United States, Star+ in Latin America, and Disney+ internationally via Star |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2023|9|15}} | scope="row" | ''[[A Haunting in Venice]]'' | co-production with [[Genre Films|Kinberg Genre]], [[The Mark Gordon Company|Mark Gordon Pictures]] and [[Scott Free Productions]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2023|9|22}} | scope="row" | ''[[No One Will Save You]]'' {{double-dagger}} | co-production with Star Thrower Entertainment; distributed by [[Hulu]] in the United States, Star+ in Latin America, and Disney+ internationally via Star |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2023|9|29}} | scope="row" | ''[[The Creator (2023 film)|The Creator]]'' | co-production with [[Regency Enterprises]] and [[Entertainment One]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2023|11|3}} | scope="row" | ''[[Quiz Lady]]'' {{double-dagger}} | co-production with [[Gloria Sanchez Productions]] and Artists First; distributed by [[Hulu]] in the United States, Star+ in Latin America and Disney+ internationally via Star |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2023|12|8}} | scope="row" | ''[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid Christmas: Cabin Fever]]'' {{double-dagger}} |copyright holder only; produced by [[Walt Disney Pictures]]; distributed by [[Disney+]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2024|5|4}} | scope="row" | ''[[The First Omen]]'' | co-production with Phantom Four Films |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2024|5|10}} | scope="row" | ''[[Kingdom of the Planet of the Apes]]'' | co-production with Chernin Entertainment, Oddball Productions and Jason T. Reed Productions |- | style="text-align:right;" | August 16, 2024 | scope="row" | ''[[Alien: Romulus]]'' | co production with [[Brandywine Productions]] and [[Scott Free Productions]]<ref>{{Cite news | last = Kit | first = Borys | date = March 4, 2022 | title = New 'Alien' Movie in the Works With 'Don't Breathe' Filmmaker Fede Alvarez (Exclusive) | work = [[The Hollywood Reporter]] | publisher = [[MRC (company)|MRC]] and [[Penske Media Corporation]] | url = https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/alien-movie-fede-alvarez-20th-century-studios-1235037155/ |access-date=March 4, 2022 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;" | April 11, 2025 | scope="row" | ''[[The Amateur (2025 film)|The Amateur]]'' | co-production with Hutch Parker Entertainment and [[TSG Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | June 6, 2025 | scope="row" | ''[[Predator: Killer of Killers]]'' ‡ | co-production with [[20th Century Animation]], [[The Third Floor, Inc.]] and [[Davis Entertainment]]; distributed by [[Hulu]] in the United States and [[Disney+]] internationally via [[Star (Disney+)|Star]] |} ==Upcoming films== <!--DO NOT ADD UNSPECIFIED FILMS OR FILMS FROM THE NOW-DEFUNCT 20TH DIGITAL STUDIO.--> {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:99%;" |- ! scope="col" style="width:130px;" | Release date ! scope="col" | Title ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes ! Production status |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2025|7|25}}<ref name="D'Alessandro2">{{cite web|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=August 2, 2024|title=Marvel Studios 2026 Title Subtracted From Release Sked, Searchlight's ''A Real Pain'' Shifts|url=https://deadline.com/2024/08/marvel-studios-movie-release-blade-date-change-1236030294/|access-date=August 2, 2024|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> | scope="row" | ''[[The Fantastic Four: First Steps]]'' | copyright holder only; produced by [[Marvel Studios]] | rowspan="7" |Post-production |- | style="text-align: right;" | {{dts|2025|8|22}}<ref>{{cite web|last=Squires|first=John|date=June 24, 2025|title=''Eenie Meanie'' – First Images of Samara Weaving in Hulu Thriller|url=https://bloody-disgusting.com/movie/3885353/eenie-meanie-first-images-of-samara-weaving-in-hulu-thriller/ |access-date=June 24, 2025 |website=[[Bloody Disgusting]]}}</ref> | ''[[Eenie Meanie (film)|Eenie Meanie]]'' ‡ | co-production with Reese/Wernick Productions; distributed by [[Hulu]] in the United States and [[Disney+]] internationally<ref>{{cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=September 28, 2021 |title=Shawn Simmons To Write High-Speed Thriller For 20th Century Studios With ''Deadpool'' Scribes Producing |url=https://deadline.com/2021/09/shawn-simmons-eenie-meanie-20th-century-reese-wernick-1234845999/ |access-date=August 28, 2024 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=July 12, 2023 |title=Samara Weaving To Star In 20th Century Thriller ''Eenie Meanie'' From Director Shawn Simmons |url=https://deadline.com/2023/07/samara-weaving-20th-century-eenie-meanie-shawn-simmons-1235435629/ |access-date=July 12, 2023 |website=Deadline}}</ref> |- | style="text-align: right;" | {{dts|2025|10|24}}<ref>{{cite web |last=Stephan |first=Katcy |date=May 16, 2025 |title=Bruce Springsteen Biopic ''Deliver Me From Nowhere'' Starring Jeremy Allen White Lands October 2025 Release Date |url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/bruce-springsteen-deliver-me-from-nowhere-release-date-1236401167/ |access-date=May 16, 2025 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> | scope="row" | ''[[Springsteen: Deliver Me from Nowhere]]'' | co-production with [[Gotham Group]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fleming |first1=Mike Jr |last2=Kroll |first2=Justin |date=April 8, 2024 |title=In Coup For New Chief David Greenbaum, 20th Century Lands ''Deliver Me From Nowhere''; Jeremy Allen White Plays Bruce Springsteen For Scott Cooper In Drama On Making Of ''Nebraska'' Album |url=https://deadline.com/2024/04/bruce-springsteen-movie-jeremy-allen-white-20th-century-1235876983/ |access-date=April 8, 2024 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2025|11|7}}<ref>{{cite web|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|title=Marvel Studios' ''Blade'' Removed From 2025 Release Schedule, Disney Dates ''Predator: Badlands'' Instead|url=https://deadline.com/2024/10/blade-predator-badlands-disney-release-dates-1236144383/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=October 22, 2024|access-date=October 22, 2024}}</ref> | scope="row" | ''[[Predator: Badlands]]'' |co-production with [[Davis Entertainment]]<ref name=":1">{{cite web|last=Kit|first=Borys|date=February 9, 2024|title=New ''Predator'' Movie in the Works with Dan Trachtenberg Directing|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/new-predator-movie-badlands-1235820958/|access-date=February 9, 2024|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2025|12|12}}<ref name="Varietydates">{{cite web|last=Lang|first=Brent|date=February 14, 2025|title=Sam Raimi's ''Send Help'', James L. Brooks' ''Ella McCay'' Get Release Dates as Disney Moves ''Elio'' Back a Week|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/sam-raimi-send-help-james-l-brooks-ella-mccay-release-dates-disney-moves-elio-1236308329/|access-date=February 14, 2025|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> | scope="row" | ''[[Ella McCay]]'' | co-production with [[Gracie Films]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Kroll|first=Justin|date=November 20, 2023|title=James L. Brooks New Film ''Ella McCay'' Sets All-Star Ensemble That Includes Emma Mackey, Woody Harrelson, Jamie Lee Curtis And Albert Brooks As 20th Century Boards Project|url=https://deadline.com/2023/11/james-l-brooks-film-ella-mccay-emma-mackey-woody-harrelson-jamie-lee-curtis-albert-brooks-1235630204/|access-date=November 20, 2023|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2025|12|19}}<ref name="DisneyFox Release Date" /> | scope="row" | ''[[Avatar: Fire and Ash]]'' | distribution only; produced by [[Lightstorm Entertainment]] and [[TSG Entertainment]] |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2026|1|30}}<ref name="Varietydates" /> | scope="row" | ''[[Send Help]]'' | co-production with [[Sam Raimi|Raimi Productions]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Grobar|first=Matt|url=https://deadline.com/2024/07/sam-raimi-to-direct-send-help-20th-century-studios-horror-thriller-1236004726/|title=Sam Raimi To Direct & Produce Horror Thriller ''Send Help'' For 20th Century Studios|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=July 9, 2024|access-date=July 9, 2024}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2026|3|27}}<ref name=":Variety2025">{{cite web |last=Jackson |first=Angelique |date=May 22, 2025 |title=''The Devil Wears Prada'' Sequel Set for May 2026; Ridley Scott's ''The Dog Stars'' Dated for March |url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/devil-wears-prada-2-may-2026-dog-stars-1236064250/ |access-date=May 22, 2025 |website=Variety}}</ref> | scope="row" | ''[[The Dog Stars (film)|The Dog Stars]]'' | co-production with [[Scott Free Productions]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Vlessing|first=Etan|date=November 8, 2024|title=Ridley Scott and Paul Mescal Reteam for ''The Dog Stars''|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/ridley-scott-paul-mescal-the-dog-stars-1236056715/|access-date=November 8, 2024|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> | rowspan="2" | Filming |- | style="text-align: right;" | {{dts|2026|5|1}}<ref name=":Variety2025" /> | scope="row" | ''[[The Devil Wears Prada 2]]'' | co-production with Wendy Finerman Productions<ref>{{cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=July 8, 2024 |title=''The Devil Wears Prada'' Sequel Scripted By Aline Brosh McKenna In Early Development At Disney |url=https://deadline.com/2024/07/the-devil-wears-prada-sequel-aline-brosh-mckenna-disney-1236004034/ |access-date=May 22, 2025 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> |- | style="text-align: right;" | {{dts|2026|12|18}}<ref>{{cite web|last=Stephan|first=Katcy|title=Disney Removes ''Star Wars'' Movie From 2026 Slate, Replaced by ''Ice Age 6''|url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/star-wars-removed-2026-ice-age-6-1236211852/|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=November 15, 2024|date=November 15, 2024}}</ref> | scope="row" | ''[[Ice Age 6]]'' | co-production with [[20th Century Animation]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Kelley|first=Aidan|title=John Leguizamo Says Another Sequel in This Popular Kid's Franchise Is on the Way|url=https://collider.com/ice-age-6-john-leguizamo/|website=Collider|access-date=September 13, 2024|date=September 11, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Taylor|first=Drew|date=November 8, 2024|title=Disney Sets ''Ice Age 6'' for 2026 With Ray Romano, Queen Latifah and John Leguizamo Returning|url=https://www.thewrap.com/ice-age-6-coming-2026-disney-d23-brazil/|access-date=November 8, 2024|website=The Wrap}}</ref> | In production |- | style="text-align:right;" |{{dts|2029|12|21}}<ref name="DisneyFox Release Date" /> | scope="row" | ''[[Avatar 4]]'' | rowspan="2" | distribution only; produced by [[Lightstorm Entertainment]] and [[TSG Entertainment]] |Filming |- | style="text-align:right;" | {{dts|2031|12|19}}<ref name="DisneyFox Release Date">{{cite web|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=May 7, 2019|title=Disney-Fox Updates Release Schedule: Sets Three Untitled ''Star Wars'' Movies, ''Avatar'' Franchise To Kick Off In 2021 & More|url=https://deadline.com/2019/05/star-wars-movies-new-mutants-disney-fox-release-schedule-1202608933/|access-date=May 7, 2019|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> | scope="row" | ''[[Avatar 5]]'' | Pre-production |} ===Undated films=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:99%;" |- ! scope="col" style="width:130px;" | Release date ! scope="col" | Title ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes ! scope="col" | Status |- | 2025 | scope="row" | ''[[Swiped (2025 film)|Swiped]]'' ‡ | co-production with Ethea Entertainment; distributed by [[Hulu]] in the United States and [[Disney+]] internationally via [[Star (Disney+)|Star]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kroll|first1=Justin|last2=Grobar|first2=Matt|title=Lily James To Star In Film Inspired By Story Of Bumble Founder Whitney Wolfe Herd For 20th Century Studios & Ethea Entertainment|url=https://deadline.com/2024/03/lily-james-20th-century-bumble-founder-whitney-wolfe-1235867638/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=March 25, 2024|access-date=March 25, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Grobar|first=Matt|date=June 11, 2024|title=Lily James' Bumble Movie Confirmed For Hulu Launch As 20th Unveils First Look Photo|url=https://deadline.com/2024/06/lily-james-bumble-movie-unveils-first-look-photo-hulu-launch-plans-1235969162/ |access-date=June 11, 2024|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> | Post-production |- | 2027 | scope="row" | Untitled ''[[Kingdom of the Planet of the Apes#Future|Kingdom of the Planet of the Apes]]'' sequel | co-production with [[Chernin Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Kit|first=Borys|title=A Secret ''Predator'' Movie, An ''Alien'' Sequel and ''Speed 3'' on the Table: A Chat with 20th Century Studios Boss Steve Asbell|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/predator-movie-an-alien-sequel-speed-3-1236042464/|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|access-date=26 October 2024|date=24 October 2024|quote=There'll be another ''Apes'' in '27, let's just say.}}</ref> | Pre-production |- | rowspan="10" |TBA | scope="row" | ''Lazy Susans'' | co-production with Bond Group Entertainment<ref>{{cite web |last=Gajewski |first=Ryan |date=September 5, 2024 |title=Amy Adams to Produce and Star in Comedy ''Lazy Susans'' for 20th Century |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/amy-adams-lazy-susans-20th-century-1235992442/ |access-date=September 5, 2024 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> | Pre-production |- | scope="row" | ''[[Mike & Nick & Nick & Alice]]'' | co-production with [[Mad Chance Productions]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Kroll|first=Justin|date=April 19, 2023|title=20th Century Lands Spec ''Mike & Nick & Nick & Alice'' From BenDavid Grabinski|url=https://deadline.com/2023/04/20th-century-mike-amp-nick-amp-nick-amp-alice-bendavid-grabinski-1235331859/|access-date=April 20, 2023 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Grobar|first1=Matt|last2=Kroll|first2=Justin|date=May 17, 2024|title=Vince Vaughn In Talks To Star In 20th Century's Buddy Action Pic ''Mike & Nick & Nick & Alice''|url=https://deadline.com/2024/05/vince-vaughn-mike-and-nick-and-nick-and-alice-1235920134/|access-date=May 18, 2024|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Kroll|first=Justin|date=June 24, 2024|title=James Marsden To Co-Star Opposite Vince Vaughn In Buddy Action Pic 'Mike & Nick & Nick & Alice' For 20th Century|url=https://deadline.com/2024/06/james-marsden-vince-vaughn-mike-amp-nick-amp-nick-amp-alice-for-1235981279/|access-date=July 10, 2024|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> | Post-production |- | scope="row" | ''Naughty'' | co-production with Hutch Parker Entertainment<ref>{{cite web|last=Grobar|first=Matt|date=April 26, 2023|title=Amber Midthunder & Siena East To Team On Holiday Action Rom-Com ''Naughty'' For 20th Century Studios|url=https://deadline.com/2023/04/amber-midthunder-siena-east-to-team-on-20th-century-studios-movie-naughty-1235338554/|access-date=November 28, 2024|website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref> | rowspan="3 | Pre-production |- | scope="row" | ''Street Justice'' | co-production with [[Gloria Sanchez Productions]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Grobar|first=Matt|date=November 1, 2024|title=Will Ferrell To Produce & Star In Comedy 'S'treet Justice'' In Development At 20th Century Studios|url=https://deadline.com/2024/11/will-ferrell-circling-street-justice-comedy-20th-century-studios-1236164855/|access-date=November 1, 2024|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> |- | scope="row' | ''The Barrier'' |<ref>{{cite web |last=Kroll|first=Justin|last2=Grobar|first2=Matt|date=November 29, 2024|title=20th Century Wins Pre-Holiday Bidding War For Edward Berger & Austin Butler's Time Travel Film ''The Barrier'' Based On MacMillan Hedges Short Story|url=https://deadline.com/2024/11/the-barrier-20th-century-edward-berger-austin-butler-film-1236187124/|access-date=November 29, 2024|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | ''[[The Hand That Rocks the Cradle (upcoming film)|The Hand That Rocks the Cradle]]'' | co-production with [[Radar Pictures]] and Department M<ref>{{cite web|last=Kit|first=Borys|date=September 26, 2024 |title=Maika Monroe to Star in ''The Hand That Rocks the Cradle'' Remake for 20th Century Studios |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/maika-monroe-hand-that-rocks-the-cradle-1236013462/ |access-date=September 26, 2024|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> | Post-production |- | scope="row" | Untitled [[Majorette]]s film | co-production with [[Harpo Films]] and [[Scott Sanders (producer)|Scott Sanders Productions]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Grobar|first=Matt|title=H.E.R. Reteaming With ''The Color Purple''s Oprah Winfrey, Scott Sanders On Majorettes Movie For 20th|url=https://deadline.com/2024/04/her-oprah-winfrey-developing-majorettes-movie-for-20th-1235895254/|access-date=April 25, 2024|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=April 25, 2024}}</ref> | rowspan="3"| Pre-production |- | scope="row" | Untitled [[Martin Scorsese]] film | co-production with [[Sikelia Productions]], [[Seven Bucks Productions]], [[Appian Way Productions]], Ledbury Productions and True Story Productions<ref>{{cite web|title=20th Century Lands Martin Scorsese Hawaii-Set Crime Thriller Starring Leonardo DiCaprio, Dwayne Johnson, Emily Blunt|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|first=Borys|last=Kit|date=March 27, 2025|access-date=March 27, 2025|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/leonardo-dicaprio-dwayne-johnson-emily-blunt-20th-century-1236171361/}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | Untitled ''[[Romy and Michele's High School Reunion]]'' sequel |<ref>{{cite web|last=Kit|first=Borys|date=January 29, 2025|title=Mira Sorvino, Lisa Kudrow in Final Talks for ''Romy and Michele's High School Reunion'' Sequel (Exclusive)|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/romy-and-micheles-high-school-reunion-sequel-1236120584/|access-date=January 29, 2025|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | ''[[Whalefall (film)|Whalefall]]'' | co-production with [[Imagine Entertainment]] and [[3 Arts Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Grobar|first=Matt|date=March 7, 2024|title=20th Wins Bidding War For Imagine's Survival Thriller ''Whalefall''; Brian Duffield To Co-Write & Direct|url=https://deadline.com/2024/03/whalefall-brian-duffield-to-direct-thriller-20th-century-studios-1235849236/|access-date=March 7, 2024|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Kroll|first=Justin|date=March 6, 2025|title=''Wolfs'' Breakout Austin Abrams To Star In ''Whalefall'' From 20th Century, Imagine And Brian Duffield|url=https://deadline.com/2025/03/wolfs-austin-abrams-whalefall-1236312669/|access-date=March 7, 2025|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> | Filming |} ===In development=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:99%;" |- ! scope="col" | Title ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes |- | scope="row" | ''The 17th Annual Coral Gables Christmas Caroling Extravaganza'' | co-production with Sugar23<ref>{{cite news|last=Kroll|first=Justin|title=Tate Taylor To Direct ''The 17th Annual Coral Gables Christmas Caroling Extravaganza'' For 20th Century And Sugar23|url=https://deadline.com/2024/09/tate-taylor-the-coral-gables-christmas-extravaganza-1236093385/|access-date=September 20, 2024 |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=September 18, 2024}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | ''[[Beach Read]]'' | co-production with [[Original Film]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Kroll|first=Justin|date=April 5, 2023|title=20th Century Adapting Emily Henry's ''Beach Read'' With Yulin Kuang Set To Direct |url=https://deadline.com/2023/04/20th-century-emily-henrys-beach-read-yulin-kuang-1235318130/|access-date=April 5, 2023|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | ''Bomb'' | co-production with [[Scott Free Productions]]<ref>{{cite web|title=20th Wins Kevin McMullin Short Story ''BOMB''; Ridley Scott Attached To Direct London-Set Action Thriller For Scott Free To Produce|url=https://deadline.com/2023/12/20th-wins-kevin-mcmullin-short-story-bomb-ridley-scott-attached-to-direct-london-set-action-thriller-1235669395/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|last=Fleming|first=Mike Jr.|date=December 15, 2023|access-date=December 16, 2023}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | ''California Bear'' | co-production with [[Proximity Media]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Cordero |first=Rosy |title=20th & Ryan Coogler's Proximity Media Adapting ''California Bear'' Novel From Gary Lennon & Duane Swierczynski|url=https://deadline.com/2024/06/20th-ryan-coogler-proximity-media-california-bear-novel-adaptation-gary-lennon-duane-swierczynski-1235985818/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=June 28, 2024|access-date=June 28, 2024}}</ref> |- | ''Capsule'' | co-production with Hutch Parker Entertainment<ref>{{cite news |author1=Matt Grobar |author2=Mike Fleming Jr |title=Justin Chon & Elijah Bynum Teaming On Sci-Fi Film ''Capsule'' For 20th Century Studios |url=https://deadline.com/2025/02/justin-chon-elijah-bynum-team-capsule-20th-century-studios-1236294172/ |access-date=21 February 2025 |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]] |date=February 18, 2025}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | ''[[The Caves of Steel#Adaptations|The Caves of Steel]]'' |<ref>{{cite web |last=Grobar|first=Matt|date=January 21, 2025|title=John Ridley Developing ''Caves Of Steel'' Film Based On Isaac Asimov Sci-Fi Novel For 20th Century Studios|url=https://deadline.com/2025/01/caves-of-steel-john-ridley-developing-20th-century-studios-1236262485/|access-date=January 21, 2025|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> |- | scope="row' | ''Children of the Jungle'' | co-production with Cara Films and Scott Free Productions<ref>{{cite web|last=Kroll|first=Justin|date=February 3, 2025|title=20th Century Boards ''Children Of The Jungle'' Movie From Producer Giannina Scott|url=https://deadline.com/2025/02/20th-century-children-of-the-jungle-giannina-scott-scott-free-1236275580/|access-date=February 4, 2025|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | ''[[The Devil in the White City#Adaptations|The Devil in the White City]]'' | co-production with [[Appian Way Productions]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Kroll|first=Justin |date=January 22, 2025|title=''Devil In The White City'' Movie Revived At 20th Century With Leonardo DiCaprio And Martin Scorsese Eyeing Reunion|url=https://deadline.com/2025/01/leonardo-dicaprio-devil-in-the-white-city-martin-scorsese-movie-1236263710/|access-date=January 22, 2025|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | ''[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Last Straw#Adaptations|Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Last Straw]]'' || <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 1, 2022 |title='Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Last Straw' Film Adaptation in the Works for Disney+ (Exclusive) |url=https://onetakenews.com/2022/12/01/wimpy-kid-last-straw-film-exclusive/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127120335/https://onetakenews.com/2022/12/01/wimpy-kid-last-straw-film-exclusive/ |archive-date=January 27, 2023 |access-date=January 18, 2023 |website=One Take News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Beck |first=Michelle |date=December 2, 2022 |title='Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Last Straw' Animated Movie In the Works at DIsney+ |url=https://www.disneyplusinformer.com/diary-of-a-wimpy-kid-the-last-straw-animated-movie-in-the-works-at-disney/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129131512/https://www.disneyplusinformer.com/diary-of-a-wimpy-kid-the-last-straw-animated-movie-in-the-works-at-disney/ |archive-date=January 29, 2023 |access-date=January 18, 2023 |website=Disney Plus Informer |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Third "Diary Of A Wimpy Kid" Animated Film In Development For Disney+ |url=https://whatsondisneyplus.com/third-diary-of-a-wimpy-kid-animated-film-in-development-for-disney/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128223453/https://whatsondisneyplus.com/third-diary-of-a-wimpy-kid-animated-film-in-development-for-disney/ |archive-date=January 28, 2023 |access-date=January 18, 2023 |language=en-us}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | ''[[Feed (Anderson novel)#Adaptation|Feed]]'' | co-production with Bantu Inc.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kit|first=Borys|date=October 7, 2022|title=YA Novel ''Feed'' Getting Movie Treatment Via 20th Century, Rising Nigerian Filmmaker Stanley Kalu (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/feed-ya-book-has-a-movie-in-the-works-1235235773/ |access-date=October 8, 2022|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | ''Merry Ex-Mas'' | co-production with [[Higher Ground Productions]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Fleming|first=Mike Jr.|title=The Obamas' Higher Ground Sets ''Merry Ex-Mas'' At 20th Century Studios; First One Outside Netflix|url=https://deadline.com/2024/12/barack-michelle-obama-higher-ground-merry-ex-mas-20th-century-studios-first-outside-netflix-1236209883/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=December 18, 2024}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | ''Night of the Ghoul'' | co-production with [[21 Laps Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Fleming|first=Mike Jr.|date=October 4, 2022|title=20th, 21 Laps Win Graphic Novel ''Night Of The Ghoul'' For ''Host'' Helmer Rob Savage|url=https://deadline.com/2022/10/20th-21-laps-win-graphic-novel-night-of-the-ghoul-for-host-helmer-rob-savage-1235135153/|access-date=October 4, 2022|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | ''Ripped'' | co-production with [[Seven Bucks Productions]] and 12:01 Films<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kit |first1=Borys |title=Dwayne Johnson, Joe Ballarini Get ''Ripped'' for 20th Century Studios (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/dwayne-johnson-joe-ballarini-get-ripped-1236210164/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=7 May 2025 |date=May 7, 2025}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | ''Sooner or Later'' |<ref>{{cite news|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=December 7, 2022|title=Kris Rey To Direct 20th Century Studios RomCom ''Sooner Or Later'' From Tess Morris; Scott Frank Producing|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|url=https://deadline.com/2022/12/kris-rey-20th-century-studios-sooner-or-later-tess-morris-scott-frank-1235192602/ |access-date=December 9, 2022}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | ''Test Drive'' | co-production with [[Safehouse Pictures]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Grobar|first=Matt|date=November 15, 2024|title=20th Snaps Up Action Spec ''Test Drive'' From 'Dexter: Resurrection's Matt Venne; Safehouse Producing|url=https://deadline.com/2024/11/test-drive-spec-matt-venne-lands-20th-century-studios-1236178256/ |access-date=November 15, 2024|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | ''[[The Tourist (novel)#Film adaptation|The Tourist]]'' |<ref>{{cite web|last=Kroll|first=Justin|date=October 3, 2023|title=Pablo Trapero To Direct Adaptation Of Olen Steinhauer's ''The Tourist'' For 20th Century |url=https://deadline.com/2023/10/pablo-trapero-olen-steinhauer-the-tourist-20th-century-1235562824/|access-date=October 3, 2023|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | [[24 (TV series)#Feature film development|Untitled ''24'' film]] | co-production with [[Imagine Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web|title=''24'' Movie In Early Development At 20th Century And Imagine Entertainment|url=https://deadline.com/2024/07/24-movie-20th-century-imagine-entertainment-1236013989/|last=Kroll|first=Justin|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=July 17, 2024|access-date=July 18, 2024}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | Untitled ''[[9 to 5 (film)#Remake|9 to 5]]'' remake | co-production with [[Echo Films]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Zee|first=Michaela|date=April 24, 2024|title=Jennifer Aniston to Produce ''9 to 5'' Reimagining for 20th Century Studios|url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/jennifer-aniston-reimagine-9-to-5-20th-century-1235981575/|access-date=April 24, 2024|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | [[Alita: Battle Angel#Planned sequels|Untitled ''Alita: Battle Angel'' sequel]] | co-production with [[Lightstorm Entertainment]] and [[Double R Productions]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Tyrrell |first=Caitlin |title=Jon Landau Reveals How Avatar: The Way Of Water Will Impact Alita 2|url=https://screenrant.com/avatar-way-of-water-alita-2-impact-how/|publisher=[[Screen Rant]]|date=April 26, 2023}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | [[The Bob's Burgers Movie#Possible sequel|Untitled ''The Bob's Burgers Movie'' sequel]] | co-production with [[20th Century Animation]], [[Bento Box Entertainment]] and Wilo Productions<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.slashfilm.com/875962/bobs-burgers-creator-loren-bouchard-is-down-to-make-a-sequel-movie/|title=Bob's Burgers Creator Loren Bouchard Is Down To Make A Sequel Movie|accessdate=July 22, 2022|date=May 26, 2022|publisher=[[/Film]]|author=Debopryiaa Dutta|archive-date=July 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722055604/https://www.slashfilm.com/875962/bobs-burgers-creator-loren-bouchard-is-down-to-make-a-sequel-movie/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://movieweb.com/the-bobs-burger-movie-creators-sequel-tease/|title=The Bob's Burgers Movie Writers Address Possible Sequel|accessdate=July 22, 2022|date=May 27, 2022|publisher=[[Movieweb]]|author=Jeremy Dick|archive-date=July 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722055603/https://movieweb.com/the-bobs-burger-movie-creators-sequel-tease/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite interview|title=The Bob's Burgers Movie Commentary|publisher=[[Buena Vista Home Entertainment]]|date=July 12, 2022}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | Untitled [[Buster Keaton]] biopic |<ref>{{cite web|last=Vlessing|first=Etan|date=February 22, 2022|title=James Mangold to Direct Buster Keaton Pic for 20th Century Studios |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/james-mangold-buster-keaton-pic-20th-century-studios-1235098025/|access-date=February 22, 2022 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | [[Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story#Sequel|Untitled ''Dodgeball'' sequel]] | co-production with [[Red Hour Productions]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Grobar|first=Matt|date=April 27, 2023|title=''Dodgeball'' Sequel In Works At 20th With Vince Vaughn Returning; Jordan VanDina To Write The Script|url=https://deadline.com/2023/04/dodgeball-sequel-starring-vince-vaughn-in-works-at-20th-century-studios-1235339993/|access-date=April 27, 2024|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | Untitled ''[[Enemy Mine (film)#Film reboot|Enemy Mine]]'' reboot |<ref>{{cite web|last=Kit|first=Borys|date=June 14, 2024|title=''Star Trek: Picard'' Showrunner Terry Matalas Tackling Remake of 1980s Sci-Fi Movie ''Enemy Mine'' (Exclusive)|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/star-trek-picard-enemy-mine-1235922620/|access-date=June 14, 2024|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | [[Escape from New York#Sequels|Untitled third ''Escape from New York'' film]] | co-production with [[The Picture Company]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Fleming|first=Mike Jr|date=January 13, 2015|title=''Escape From New York'' Remake Rights Deal Won By Fox|url=https://deadline.com/2015/01/escape-from-new-york-remake-fox-john-carpenter-1201349382/|access-date=November 28, 2022|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Kroll |first=Justin|date=November 17, 2022|title=Radio Silence To Direct New ''Escape From New York'' Movie For 20th Century Studios|url=https://deadline.com/2022/11/radio-silence-escape-from-new-york-pic-1235175637/|access-date=November 28, 2022|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thewrap.com/escape-from-new-york-remake-status-update-radio-silence/|title=New ''Escape From New York'' Will Be a Continuation of John Carpenter Original, Not a Remake|website=[[TheWrap]]|first=Tyler|last=Gillett|date=December 15, 2022|access-date=December 15, 2022}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | Untitled ''[[Family Guy (franchise)|Family Guy]]'' film | co-production with [[20th Century Animation]] and [[Fuzzy Door Productions]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2475908/yes-seth-macfarlane-is-still-planning-a-family-guy-movie|title=Yes, Seth MacFarlane Is Still Planning A ''Family Guy'' Movie|first=Nick|last=Evans|work=Cinemablend|date=July 1, 2019|access-date=July 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723053429/https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2475908/yes-seth-macfarlane-is-still-planning-a-family-guy-movie|archive-date=July 23, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | [[The Fantastic Four: First Steps#Future|Untitled ''The Fantastic Four: First Steps'' sequel]] | studio credit and copyright holder only; produced by [[Marvel Studios]]<ref>https://variety.com/2025/film/news/marvel-possible-fourth-movie-2028-1236435873/</ref> |- | scope="row" | Untitled ''[[The Fly (1986 film)|The Fly]]'' film | co-production with [[Chernin Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Grobar|first=Matt|date=November 4, 2024|title=Nikyatu Jusu Developing Film In Universe Of David Cronenberg's ''The Fly'' For 20th Century Studios|url=https://deadline.com/2024/11/the-fly-movie-nikyatu-jusu-in-works-20th-century-studios-1236166549/ |access-date=November 7, 2024|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | [[Futurama#Films|Untitled ''Futurama'' film]] | co-production with [[20th Century Animation]], [[The ULULU Company|The Curiosity Company]] and [[Rough Draft Studios]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Philips|first=TC|date=September 8, 2023|title=Futurama EP Teases More Movies After Season 11 Revival|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/futurama-movies-series-return-exclusive-newsupdate/|url-status=live|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20230909025543/https://screenrant.com/futurama-season-11-12-movies-future-producer-response/|archive-date=September 9, 2023|access-date=January 11, 2024|publisher=ScreenRant}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=A Futurama Movie Could Be In The Cards At Hulu|last=Seibold|first=Witney|date=September 16, 2023 |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/1395519/futurama-hulu-possible-movie/|url-status=live|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20231102200639/https://www.slashfilm.com/1395519/futurama-hulu-possible-movie/|archive-date=November 2, 2023|access-date=February 14, 2024|publisher=SlashFilm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Eddy |first=Cheryl |date=2024-07-28 |title=SDCC 2024: Futurama Executive Producers Interview |url=https://gizmodo.com/sdcc-2024-futurama-season-12-interview-david-x-cohen-2000480305 |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=Gizmodo |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | Untitled ''[[The Gunfighter#Remake|The Gunfighter]]'' remake |<ref>{{cite web|last=Kroll|first=Justin|date=February 4, 2025|title=Ethan Hawke Developing ''The Gunfighter'' Remake At 20th Century |url=https://deadline.com/2025/02/ethan-hawke-the-gunfighter-20th-century-1236275598/|access-date=February 4, 2025|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | [[The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (film)#Reboot|Untitled ''The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen'' reboot]] {{double-dagger}} | co-production with [[3 Arts Entertainment]] and [[Vertigo Comics]]; distributed by [[Hulu]] in the United States and [[Disney+]] internationally via [[Star (Disney+)|Star]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Grobar|first=Matt|date=May 17, 2022|title=''The League Of Extraordinary Gentlemen'' Set For Reboot From 20th Century Studios & Hulu |url=https://deadline.com/2022/05/league-of-extraordinary-gentlemen-reboot-in-works-at-20th-hulu-1235026114/|access-date=May 17, 2022|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | [[Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World#Prequel|Untitled ''Master and Commander'' prequel]] |<ref>{{cite web |last=Kroll|first=Justin|date=June 4, 2021|title=New ''Master And Commander'' Movie In Works At 20th Century; Patrick Ness Penning Prequel |url=https://deadline.com/2021/06/20th-century-master-and-commander-patrick-ness-1234769535/|access-date=October 24, 2024|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref name=":THR2024">{{cite web |last=Kit |first=Borys |date=October 24, 2024 |title=A Secret ''Predator'' Movie, An ''Alien'' Sequel and ''Speed 3'' on the Table: A Chat with 20th Century Studios Boss Steve Asbell |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/predator-movie-an-alien-sequel-speed-3-1236042464/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241024183312/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/predator-movie-an-alien-sequel-speed-3-1236042464/ |archive-date=October 24, 2024 |access-date=December 24, 2024 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | [[Max Payne (film)#Reboot|Untitled ''Max Payne'' reboot]] | co-production with [[Original Film]], [[Remedy Entertainment]], Municipal Pictures, Taylor Made and [[Film 44]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Williams|first=Caleb|date=June 16, 2022 |title=20th Century Studios Puts A 'Max Payne' Reboot Project Into Early Development|url=https://knightedgemedia.com/2022/06/max-payne-reboot-project-in-early-development/|access-date=June 17, 2022|website=Knightedge Media}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | Untitled ''[[Maze Runner (film series)|The Maze Runner]]'' reboot | co-production with [[Gotham Group]] and [[Temple Hill Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Kit|first=Borys|date=May 3, 2024|title=''The Maze Runner'' Reboot in the Works with ''Transcendence'' Scribe Jack Paglen in Talks to Write (Exclusive)|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/the-maze-runner-reboot-in-the-works-1235889793/|access-date=May 3, 2024|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | Untitled fourth ''[[Night at the Museum (franchise)#Future|Night at the Museum]]'' film | co-production with [[21 Laps Entertainment]] and [[26th Street Pictures]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://comicbook.com/movies/news/thomas-lennon-night-at-the-museum-exclusive/|title=Thomas Lennon Teases Night at the Museum's Future (Exclusive)|website=comicbook.com|last=Crowley|first=Liam|date=December 6, 2022|access-date=May 3, 2023}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | [[Prey (2022 film)|Untitled ''Prey'' sequel]] | co-production with [[Lawrence Gordon Productions]] and [[Davis Entertainment]]<ref name=":1" /> |- | scope="row" | [[Rio (franchise)#Future|Untitled third ''Rio'' film]] | co-production with [[20th Century Animation]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-01 |title=The Ice Age Adventures of Buck Wild Media Kit |url=https://press.disneyplus.com/media-kits/the-ice-age-adventures-of-buck-wild |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Disney+ Press |publisher=Disney}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-01 |title=The Ice Age Adventures of Buck Wild Production Notes |url=https://lumiere-a.akamaihd.net/v1/documents/production_notes_disney_0d41ade6.pdf#page=9 |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Disney+ Press}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | [[The Simpsons Movie#Possible sequel|Untitled ''The Simpsons Movie'' sequel]]||co-production with [[20th Century Animation]] and [[Gracie Films]]<ref name="Burwick">{{Cite web |last=Burwick |first=Kevin |date=August 10, 2018 |title=The Simpsons Movie 2 Reportedly in Development at Fox |url=https://movieweb.com/the-simpsons-movie-2-development-fox/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326063441/https://movieweb.com/the-simpsons-movie-2-development-fox/ |archive-date=March 26, 2021 |access-date=August 10, 2018 |website=movieweb.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reilly |first=Nick |date=July 22, 2019 |title=Matt Groening confirms 'The Simpsons Movie' sequel |url=https://www.nme.com/news/tv/matt-groening-confirms-sequel-simpsons-movie-2531250 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722071533/https://www.nme.com/news/tv/matt-groening-confirms-sequel-simpsons-movie-2531250 |archive-date=July 22, 2019 |access-date=July 22, 2019 |website=NME}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | [[Speed 2: Cruise Control#Potential sequel|Untitled third ''Speed'' film]] | co-production with [[Fortis Films]]<ref name="Sequel_AH">{{cite video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5VuYaLnO9zk|work=Access Hollywood|title=Keanu Reeves Would Be Down For a 'Speed' Sequel w/ Sandra Bullock|author=Evans, Scott|date=March 20, 2023|access-date=August 31, 2023}}</ref><ref name="Sequel_CB.com">{{cite web|url=https://comicbook.com/movies/news/speed-3-pitch-script-story-joke-graham-yost-keanu-reeves-reaction/|work=[[ComicBook.com]]|title=Speed Writer Reveals His Hilarious Pitch for Speed 3 (Exclusive)|author=Cavanaugh, Patrick|date=April 17, 2023|accessdate=August 31, 2023}}</ref><ref name=":THR2024" /> |- | scope="row" | Untitled ''[[Working Girl#Reboot|Working Girl]]'' reboot | co-production with [[Douglas Wick|Red Wagon Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Kroll|first=Justin|date=August 2, 2022|title=Selena Gomez And 20th Century Developing ''Working Girl'' Reboot|url=https://deadline.com/2022/08/selena-gomez-20th-century-working-girl-1235082769/|access-date=August 2, 2022|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | [[X-Men (film series)#Marvel Cinematic Universe|Untitled ''X-Men'' reboot]] | copyright holder only; produced by [[Marvel Studios]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=2023-09-29 |title=Marvel Studios Execs Eye Meetings Soon To Hear Writers' Pitches For Coveted 'X-Men' Job – The Dish |url=https://deadline.com/2023/09/x-men-movie-writer-pitches-next-marvel-development-1235558844/ |access-date=2023-09-29 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |} ==Related pages== * [[20th Century Fox]] * [[20th Century Fox Television]] ==Notes== {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:20th Century Fox Movies}} [[Category:20th Century Fox movies|*]] [[Category:Disney-related lists|*]] [[Category:Lists of movies]] [[Category:American movies by studio]] ahulenaiwpxh5evdo8v7l9y1g1p68ld 0 56858 10368966 10238969 2025-07-03T04:53:37Z Tomaskakq 1630430 10368966 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox F1 team | Constructor_name = {{flagicon|UK}} McLaren-Mercedes | Long_name = [[McLaren Group|McLaren F1 Team]] | Logo =[[File:McLaren Racing logo.png]] | Base = [[Woking]], [[Surrey]], [[United Kingdom]]<br/>{{Coord|51|20|45|N|0|32|52|W|display=inline,title|region:GB-SRY_type:landmark}} | Principal = Andrea Stella | Engineering Head = | Engineering Head position = | Debut = {{F1|1966}} [[Monaco Grand Prix]] | Final = {{Latest F1GP}} | Races = 970 <!-- McLaren Total Races --> | Cons_champ = 8 ({{F1|1974}}, {{F1|1984}}, {{F1|1985}}, {{F1|1988}}, {{F1|1989}}, {{F1|1990}}, {{F1|1991}}, {{F1|1998}}) | Drivers_champ = 12 ({{F1|1974}}, {{F1|1976}}, {{F1|1984}}, {{F1|1985}}, {{F1|1986}}, {{F1|1988}}, {{F1|1989}}, {{F1|1990}}, {{F1|1991}}, {{F1|1998}}, {{F1|1999}}, {{F1|2008}}) | Wins = 188 <!-- McLaren Total Wins --> | Poles = 162 <!-- McLaren Total Poles --> | Fastest_laps = 169 <!-- McLaren Total Fastest --><ref>Includes [[John Surtees]]' fastest lap in the {{f1|1970}} [[South African Grand Prix]] in a non-works McLaren.</ref> | Last_season = 2023 | Last_position = 4th (302 points) |2024 Drivers = 4. {{flagicon|UK}} [[Lando Norris]] <br>81. {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Oscar Piastri]]|2024 Test_drivers= {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Pato O'Ward]]<br>{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Ryō Hirakawa]]}} '''McLaren Racing Limited''' is a [[Formula 1]] [[Auto racing|racing]] team. McLaren was started by Bruce McLaren in 1963. McLaren's current drivers are [[Oscar Piastri]] and [[Lando Norris]]. McLaren also makes road cars at its Woking [[factory]]. [[File:McLaren M7A.jpg|left|thumb|220px|McLaren M7A (1968) in the Donington Collection]] [[File:McLarenBruce19690801.jpg|left|thumb|Bruce McLaren driving his own team's car at the 1969 German GP. He got the third most points in Formula One in that year.]] [[File:McLaren MP4-4 front-right Honda Collection Hall.jpg|left|thumb|220px|McLaren MP4/4 (1988) in the Honda Collection Hall]] [[File:Lewis Hamilton 2010 Malaysia 3rd Free Practice.jpg|left|thumb|220px|Hamilton at the 2010 Malaysian GP]][[File:Oscar Piastri Chinese GP 2024.jpg|thumb|Piastri at the 2024 Chinese GP|200px]] {{-}} == Formula One World Championship results == {{main|McLaren Grand Prix results}} == References == {{reflist}} {{commons|McLaren}} {{Formula One teams}} {{Formula One constructors}} {{sport-stub}} [[Category:Formula One constructors]] [[Category:Formula One current]] dkwtpy9lqfjmb0ofhgq59sh299gf0ul 0 57325 10367891 9715022 2025-07-02T16:33:28Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other versions */ US-EN 10367891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} '''''Card Sharks''''' is a [[game show]] that has aired in different versions since [[1978]]. ==The main game== Two contestants fought against each other in the main game—the returning champion and a challenging contestant. The returning champion was represented by the color red. The challenger was represented by the color blue. The [[Presenter|host]], [[Jim Perry]], then asked a toss-up question, which was asked to 100 people before the show (example: "We surveyed 100 lawyers: Have you ever defended a person who you believed was guilty? How many lawyers said they have?"). The contestant he asked it to would provide what they thought the number of people who gave the answer the host gave. The other contestant would then say whether they thought the actual number was higher or lower than the first contestant's guess. Whoever is closer to the number got a chance at the cards. There were two rows of five cards: the top red row (for the champion) and the bottom blue row (for the challenger). The contestant in control had to predict whether each card was higher or lower than the card before it. There were two games. Whoever won both games would go on to play the Money Cards. ==The Money Cards== The winning contestant would then play the Money Cards to win more money. He/she was given $200 to start out with. They then had to predict whether each card was higher or lower than the one before it, just like before. This time, they had to bet money on each guess (example: $200 higher than a 2). The contestant worked their way across the bottom row, in which there were four cards, and then made it to the second row and were given $200 more. The least a person could bet on each card for the first two rows was $50. They then worked their way across that row, until they reached the top row, where there was only one card. That row was called the "Big Bet" row. There, the contestant had to bet at least half of what they won before. ==Other versions== ''Card Sharks'' aired on [[NBC]] from [[1978]] to [[1981]] and was hosted by [[Jim Perry]]. It returned on [[CBS]] and in syndication in [[1986]]. The CBS version was hosted by [[Bob Eubanks]] and ran until [[1989]]. The [[syndicated]] version was hosted by [[comedian]] [[Bill Rafferty]], but ran until [[1987]]. In [[2001]], ''Card Sharks'' came back, hosted by [[Pat Bullard]]. However, this version had different rules than the other ones. In this one, two teams of two contestants (two at a time) had to guess higher or lower (or predict if the next card had exactly the same number as the previous one) on one row of seven cards. This version was not very popular and was cancelled after 13 weeks. Many ''Card Sharks'' fans say this version is the worst game show [[revival]] of all time. ''Card Sharks'' returned to television in [[2019]] as an hour-long series hosted by [[Joel McHale]], airing on [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]. The gameplay is similar to the 1978-81 and 1986-89 versions. {{Tv-stub}} [[Category:Television game shows]] [[Category:NBC network series]] [[Category:CBS network shows]] [[Category:First run syndicated television programs]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] dychvlfvl0xwrhhspma3nls26garr7h 0 57546 10368388 9897778 2025-07-02T22:27:55Z 39.37.142.81 corrected the country of origin 10368388 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Silk Route Caravan of Shimshal Valley.jpg|thumb|Cultural re-enactment of a traditional Silk Road [[Caravan (travellers)|caravan]] from [[China]] to [[India]]]] The '''Silk Road''' was a group of [[trade route]]s across [[Asia]] that connected China with the [[Mediterranean region]]. It allowed Chinese traders to exchange things with [[Middle East|Middle Eastern]] and [[Mediterranean]] traders. The Silk Road was extremely important in world history. For the first time, people in different areas - and on different [[Continent|continents]] - could trade. The Silk Road was the first-ever connection between China, other parts of [[Asia]], the Middle East, and [[Europe]]. == The silk trade == At the time, [[silk]] was only made in China, so it was extremely rare and expensive in Europe. For this reason, having silk was a sign of power, [[wealth]], and importance for Europeans. Now, for the first time, it became much easier to get silk. The silk trade brought a lot of [[wealth]] to China - and also to cities and markets along the Silk Road (like [[Samarkand]] and [[Bukhara|Bukharal]] in modern-day [[Uzbekistan]]). Trade on the Silk Road also helped [[Ancient history|ancient]] [[Culture|cultures]] grow in China, [[Egypt]], [[Mesopotamia]], [[Persia]], [[India]], and [[Rome]]. A [[Germany|German]] [[geographer]] first called the route the ''Seidenstraße'' ("The Silk Road") in 1877.<ref name="Waugh">Waugh, Daniel 2007. Richthofen's "Silk Roads": toward the archaeology of a concept. ''The Silk Road''. '''5''', #1. [http://www.silk-road.com/newsletter/vol5num1/srjournal_v5n1.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915083815/http://www.silk-road.com/newsletter/vol5num1/srjournal_v5n1.pdf|date=2012-09-15}}</ref> He chose this name because traders used it to bring silk from west to east.<ref name="Waugh" /> == Trade of other things == [[File:China silk-crystalblue.jpg|thumb|Chinese [[silk]] was traded along the Silk Road, but other [[Good (economics)|goods]] and ideas were too]] Of course, many other things were also traded, including: * [[Porcelain]] and other types of [[pottery]] * Foods<ref>Some food, such as [[Date palm|dates]], [[fig]]s and rice, can travel for long periods without being spoilt.</ref> * [[Wine]]<ref>Wine travelled in sealed jars. It does not go acid until air gets at it.</ref> * [[Spice]]s * Paper (from China) * [[Metal|Metals]] and [[Jewel|jewels]] * [[Slavery|Slaves]] (most likely) * [[Idea|Ideas]] and [[knowledge]] * [[Silk]] (Fabrics) Traders also brought other things; for example, they brought [[History of chess|chess pieces]] from northern [[India]] to China and [[Persia]]. Most likely, no trader traveled the entire Silk Road alone. Instead, they traded goods at every stopping point along the Road. They sometimes made deals to get past difficult places.<ref>Elisseeff, Vadime 2001. ''The Silk Roads: highways of culture and commerce''. UNESCO Publishing / Berghahn Books. {{ISBN|978-92-3-103652-1}}</ref><ref>Boulnois, Luce 2005. ''Silk Road: monks, warriors & merchants''. Hong Kong: Odyssey Books. {{ISBN|962-217-721-2}}</ref> == Path == === Land routes === Over land, the Silk Road started in northern China and traveled [[west]]. Then it split into two branches. One went [[north]] of the [[Tibetan Plateau]], and the other trail went [[south]] of it. Then the two trails rejoined. [[File:Silk Road in the I century AD - ca.svg|thumb|The Silk Road in the [[1st century|1st century AD]]]] After that, the Silk Road traveled in almost a straight line to the Mediterranean. It passed through [[Mountain range|mountain ranges]] in [[Tabriz]] (now in northern [[Iran]]) and the north tip of the [[Syrian Desert]]. From there, it traveled to the [[Levant]] ([[Syria]], [[Israel]], and [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]]). From the Levant, land routes traveled north (through the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantime Empire]]) and south (to [[North Africa|northern Africa)]]. === Sea routes === The Silk Road also had water routes. These were also called the "Silk Road." In Asia, the over-water Silk Road connected: * South China * The [[Philippines]] * [[Brunei]] * [[Siam]] * Malacca * Ceylon * [[India]] * [[Pakistan]] * [[Iran]] In Europe and the Middle East, it connected: * Palestine * [[Lebanon]] * [[Egypt]] * [[Greece]] * [[Balkans]] * [[Italy]] Past the Mediterranean Sea, the over-water routes continued to [[Portugal]] and [[Sweden]]. From there, goods were brought to places all over Europe. == Asian trades == [[File:Great Buddha Statue, Bodh Gaya.jpg|thumb|[[Buddhism]] traveled west to China along the Silk Road]] From its beginnings (when Chinese people helped build it), the Silk Road was very important in Asia. People along the route exchanged ideas as well as goods. These included ideas about [[religion]], [[science]], [[technology]], [[culture]], and [[philosophy]]. The [[Buddhist]] [[religion]] and the [[Gandhara|Greco-Buddhist]] culture moved east on the Silk Road, reaching China around the [[2nd century BC|second century BC]]. Trading also brought many arts, crafts, cultures, and foods to China. The [[Kushan Empire]] in northwest India was in the middle of the Silk Road's trade routes. This helped the Empire become more powerful and wealthier. It also helped the rise of the [[Mongol Empire]], the largest land empire ever. The [[Roman Empire]], which bought a lot of Chinese goods, began to fall from power in the West around the [[5th century]]. In Central Asia, [[Islam]] expanded starting in the [[7th century]]. Chinese growth westwards was ended at the [[Battle of Talas]] in 751 AD. Starting in the 10th century, trade also stopped from Central Asia because of the growth of the Islamic [[Turkish people|Turks]]. == Notes == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == {{commons|Silk Road|Silk Road}} * [http://www.ess.uci.edu/~oliver/silk.html The history of the Silk Road by Oliver Wild] {{Webarchive|url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160315145417/http://www.ess.uci.edu/~oliver/silk.html |date=2016-03-15 }} * [http://www.allaboutturkey.com/silkroad.htm Introduction of the Silk Road from a Turkish tour guide] * [http://www.ciolek.com/owtrad.html Old World Traditional Trade Routes Project] * [http://www.thesilkroadchina.com/photos.html Photos of Silk Road China Sights] [[Category:History of China]] [[Category:Trade routes]] [[Category:History of Asia]] [[Category:History of the Middle East]] [[Category:Economy of Africa]] l85v3962eyt3iipfthp2c2lal5rs2cg 0 59661 10367629 10362565 2025-07-02T12:53:14Z 38.226.18.206 10367629 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Afternoon''' is period from 12:00 until 17:59. It is generally agreed upon that afternoon starts at [[noon]], but it ends in the [[evening]]. [[Category:Parts of a day]] {{stub}} cuatay1ccwpzhtr2wqe65ftt3a4d5x7 10368435 10367629 2025-07-02T23:04:53Z 38.226.18.191 10368435 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Afternoon''' is period from [[noon|12:00]] until 17:59. It is generally agreed upon that afternoon starts at [[noon]], but it ends in the [[evening]]. [[Category:Parts of a day]] {{stub}} pi385xa5gwndezh7arw6un1a1fr58l0 0 60900 10368874 10159313 2025-07-03T03:38:47Z NicholasHui 862041 10368874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox NHL team | team_name = Florida Panthers | current = 2025–26 Florida Panthers season | bg_color = background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#C8102E 5px solid; border-bottom:#041E42 5px solid; | text_color = #000000 | logo_image = | conference = [[Eastern Conference (NHL)|Eastern]] | division = [[Atlantic Division (NHL)|Atlantic]] | founded = 1993 | history = '''Florida Panthers'''<br />[[1993–94 NHL season|1993]]–present | arena = '''[[FLA Live Arena]]''' | city = [[Sunrise, Florida]] | uniform_image = | uniform_image_size = 150px | team_colors = Red, blue, flat gold<ref>{{cite news|title=Florida Panthers Unveil New Logo and Uniforms|url=https://www.nhl.com/panthers/news/florida-panthers-unveil-new-logo-and-uniforms/c-884701|website=FloridaPanthers.com|publisher=NHL Enterprises, L.P.|date=June 2, 2016|accessdate=June 3, 2016|quote=The three primary colors for the new look logo and uniforms are Panthers Red, Panthers Blue and Panthers Flat Gold.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Poupart|first=Alain|title=Florida Panthers unveil new logo, uniforms|url=https://www.nhl.com/news/panthers-unveil-new-uniforms-logo/c-280870132|publisher=NHL Enterprises, L.P.|website=NHL.com|date=June 2, 2016|accessdate=September 29, 2016}}</ref><br />{{color box|#C8102E}} {{color box|#041E42}} {{color box|#B9975B}} | media_affiliates = [[Fox Sports Florida|FS Florida]]<br />[[WQAM|WQAM Sports Radio (560 AM)]] | owner = Sunrise Sports and Entertainment<br />([[Vincent Viola]], chairman)<ref>{{cite press release|title=Vincent Viola Becomes Owner of the Florida Panthers|url=https://www.nhl.com/panthers/news/vincent-viola-becomes-owner-of-the-florida-panthers/c-684466|website=FloridaPanthers.com|publisher=NHL Enterprises, L.P.|date=September 27, 2013|accessdate=October 6, 2015}}</ref> | general_manager = [[Bill Zito]] | head_coach = [[Paul Maurice]] | captain = [[Aleksander Barkov]] | minor_league_affiliates = [[Charlotte Checkers]] ([[American Hockey League|AHL]]) <br/> [[Savannah Ghost Pirates]] ([[ECHL]]) | stanley_cups = '''2''' ([[2023–24 NHL season|2023–24]], [[2024–25 NHL season|2024–25]]) | conf_titles = '''4''' ([[1995–96 NHL season|1995–96]], [[2022–23 NHL season|2022–23]], [[2023–24 NHL season|2023–24]], [[2024–25 NHL season|2024–25]]) | presidents'_trophies = '''1''' ([[2021-22 NHL season|2021-22]]) | division_titles = '''4''' ([[2011–12 NHL season|2011–12]], [[2015–16 NHL season|2015–16]], [[2021–22 NHL season|2021–22]], [[2023–24 NHL season|2023–24]]) | website = {{URL|https://www.nhl.com/panthers}} }} The '''Florida Panthers''' are an [[ice hockey]] team that plays in the [[National Hockey League|NHL]]. They play in [[Sunrise, Florida]] at [[FLA Live Arena]]. They were named for the [[Florida panther]], a type of [[cougar]] that is considered an endangered species. The Panthers have made it to the [[Stanley Cup]] Finals three times in [[1996 Stanley Cup Finals|1996]], 2023, and 2024. They lost to the [[Colorado Avalanche]] in four games (1996) and the [[Vegas Golden Knights]] in five games (2023). They would defeat the [[Edmonton Oilers]] in seven games (2024). ==Other websites== * [https://www.nhl.com/panthers Official website] == References == {{reflist}} {{NHL}} {{authority control}} [[Category:1993 establishments in Florida]] [[Category:Florida Panthers| ]] [[Category:Ice hockey teams in the United States]] [[Category:National Hockey League teams]] {{sport-stub}} i2ikre6j6tgdnq19ep5kyyp2pbc9xeq 0 61917 10369365 9741808 2025-07-03T10:39:04Z Wukuendo 1292020 Wiki-link word and added category 10369365 wikitext text/x-wiki A '''software bug''' is a [[problem]] with the [[code]] in a [[computer program]] which makes it not work properly. They can cause [[inconvenience]] to the user and may make their computer [[Crash_(computing)|crash]] or [[freeze]]. Most computer programs have bugs. A program that has a large number of bugs (or possibly a single or a few serious bugs) is said to be '''buggy'''. Most bugs are caused by bad [[programming]] by the [[developer]], but sometimes they can be caused by [[compiler]] problems. When bugs are found, people send bug reports to the developer to tell them about the bug and let them fix it. Sometimes, people say that their [[computer]] has a bug when something is wrong with it. The problem is usually caused by a [[computer virus]] which is making their computer slow or do different things. Some bugs are harmless, for example, many video games incorrectly allow objects to move through walls. Other bugs are more severe, for example, a bug in a navigation system that causes an airplane to explode, or the two bugs in the [[Therac-25]] [[radiation therapy]] machine's control software, which caused it to produce far more radiation than intended, killing at least three people. == Types of bugs == === Buffer overflow === A buffer overflow happens when a program writes to or reads from an area of [[Computer memory|memory]] that it is not supposed to access. ===Arithmetic overflow === An arithmetic overflow happens when a number contained in a [[variable]] is increased beyond the highest number that the variable allows. This will usually cause the number to reset back to zero. === Infinite loop === An infinite loop happens when a program enters a loop (a series of instructions that is repeated many times) and there is no way out of the loop. This can cause the program to freeze. === Roundoff errors === If a floating point variable doesn't have enough precision, the number stored in it can be inaccurate. This can cause various problems depending on the type of program, for example it could cause a navigation program to navigate to an unintended location, or distorted sound in an audio recording program. === Division by zero === [[Division by zero]] is an invalid [[math]] operation. If a program divides an integer by zero, it will crash. On [[Linux]], the message displayed when this bug occurs is "floating point exception", even though [[floating point]] numbers were not involved. Floating point math sometimes allows division by zero. This will usually result in a special "not a number" value. === Clipping problems === In video games, clipping problems, also called [[collision detection]] problems, occur when an object passes through a barrier (such as a wall, floor, or ceiling) that it was not intended to pass through. This is a very common bug found throughout many video games. This can happen, for example, in [[Doom 2]] when a crushed monster is resurrected by an arch-vile. Clipping problems can often be used as a time-saving tactic in [[speedrun]]s, for example, in [[Super Mario 64]] it is possible to skip walking up the spiral staircase in the castle by jumping through the ceiling. === Security bugs === Security bugs are bugs that allow an [[intruder]] to either gain access to the computer, or cause the computer to crash. Causing the computer to crash is called a [[denial-of-Service attack]]. Security bugs are considered especially important to fix because they might allow intruders to steal important information such as [[credit card]] numbers or [[password]]s. Examples of security bugs include [http://heartbleed.com/ Heartbleed] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407203519/http://heartbleed.com/ |date=2014-04-07 }} and Shellshock. == Misbugs == A misbug is a bug that has been used as a feature. An example would be a bug in an [[Android (operating system)|Android]] phone that allows users to gain root access. == Hardware bugs == Some bugs affect hardware (the physical parts of a computer) instead of software. For example, running the instruction <code>lock cmpxchg8b eax</code> on old Pentium processors would cause the processor to stop working until rebooted. Since hardware bugs are physical design flaws, they can not be corrected with a software update, although it may be possible to work around (hide) the bug with a software update, for example, by checking for the conditions that cause the bug or by rearranging data in a way that prevents the bug from occurring. == Other websites == * [https://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Software_bug Software bug] -Citizendium [[Category:Software]] [[Category:Computer terminology]] hvkqzus62swuxn2fxqyun0421oqeq2b 0 62015 10368533 10202817 2025-07-03T00:09:03Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* References */ CA-EN 10368533 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} '''''You Can't Do That on Television''''' ('''''YCDTOTV''''') is a [[Canada|Canadian]] children's [[television program]] that aired on [[Nickelodeon (TV channel)|Nickelodeon]] in the [[USA]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.retrojunk.com/details_tvshows/183-you-cant-do-that-on-television|title=You Can't Do That On Television}}</ref> It was created by [[Roger Price (TV)|Roger Price]] and produced from 1979 until 1990. It mostly featured child actors in a [[sketch comedy]] format, acting out short scenes based on a theme that served as the topic for the episode. Connecting scenes based on the theme would often serve to create a [[story arc]] that lasted the length of the episode. It became known for its [[Icon|iconic]] green slime that was originally used in this show. The series is known also because future pop recording artist [[Alanis Morissette]] was in it as a cast member at some time. In 2002, and again in 2004, ''YCDTOTV'' cast members reunited alongside fans of the show at [[SlimeCon]], a fan-produced convention in [[Ottawa, Ontario|Ottawa]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]]. ''YCDTOTV'' was a children's comedy show. Some people see it as a nostalgic cult classic. During the 2004 event, a ''Top Secret'' reunion special had its premiere. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Former Nickelodeon original series}} {{multistub|tv|Canada}} [[Category:1979 television series debuts]] [[Category:1990 television series endings]] [[Category:1970s comedy television series]] [[Category:1980s Nickelodeon shows]] [[Category:1980s Canadian television series]] [[Category:1980s comedy television series]] [[Category:1990s comedy television series]] [[Category:Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:Television sketch shows]] [[Category:1979 establishments in Canada]] [[Category:1990s Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:Canadian English-language television shows]] [[Category:1970s Canadian television series debuts]] fbl3bkgvcrdo30nzt0gilptpkp1osy5 0 64611 10368467 10235897 2025-07-02T23:23:41Z 2600:8805:D600:51C0:D125:A7D9:7C1A:266F 10368467 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = Avatar Legends: The Last Airbender logo.svg | genre = {{plainlist| * [[Animation]] * [[Action-adventure fiction|Action-adventure]] * [[Fantasy television|Fantasy]] * [[Comedy drama]] }} | creator = {{plainlist| * [[Michael Dante DiMartino]] * [[Bryan Konietzko]] }} | voices = {{plainlist| * [[Zach Tyler Eisen]] * [[Mae Whitman]] * [[Jack DeSena]] * [[Dante Basco]] * Jessie Flower * [[Dee Bradley Baker]] * [[Mako Iwamatsu|Mako]] * [[Greg Baldwin]] * [[Grey DeLisle]] * [[Mark Hamill]] }} | composer = {{plainlist| * [[Jeremy Zuckerman]] * [[Benjamin Wynn]] }} | country = United States | language = English | num_seasons = 3 | num_episodes = 61 | list_episodes = List of Avatar: The Last Airbender episodes | executive_producer = {{plainlist| * [[Michael Hirsh (producer)|Michael Hirsh]] * Michael Dante DiMartino * Piratck Loubert *Cilve A Simth * Bryan Konietzko * [[Aaron Ehasz]] (co-executive) }} * Scott Dyer | animator = JM Animation (32 episodes){{efn|JM Animation animated episodes #1–2, 4, 6, 9–10, all even numbered from 12–24, 26–27, all even numbered from 30–54, 57–58 and 60–61.}}<br />[[DR Movie]] (19 episodes){{efn|DR Movie animated episodes #3, 5, 7–8, all odd numbered from 11–25, 28–29 and all odd numbered from 31–39.}}<br />Moi Animation (10 episodes){{efn|Moi Animation animated all odd numbered episodes from #41–53, 55–56 and 59.}} | runtime = 23 minutes<!-- On average --> | company = [[Nelvana]]<br />[[Wang Film Productions| Shzou Hong Ying Animation]] (S4) | channel = [[Nickelodeon]] (United States)<br />[[TVOKids]]/[[Knowledge Kids]]/[[Saskatchewan Communications Network|SCN]]/[[CTV 2 Alberta|Access,]] (Canada) | first_aired = {{start date|2005|2|21}} | last_aired = {{end date|2008|7|19}} }} '''''Avatar Legends: The Last Airbender''''',<ref>{{blist|{{cite web |last1=Ramos |first1=Dino-Ray |title='The Dragon Prince': Netflix Sets New Animated Series From 'Avatar: The Last Airbender' Writer |url=https://deadline.com/2018/07/the-dragon-prince-netflix-aaron-ehasz-justin-richmond-avatar-the-last-airbender-comic-con-1202424331/ |website=Deadline |access-date=March 17, 2022 |date=July 11, 2018}}|{{cite web |last1=Sava |first1=Oliver |title=The new team behind the Avatar comic opens up in this exclusive preview |url=https://www.avclub.com/the-new-team-behind-the-avatar-comic-opens-up-in-this-e-1831176834 |website=The A.V. Club |access-date=March 17, 2022 |date=December 18, 2018}}|{{cite magazine |last1=Yang |first1=Rachel |title='Avatar: The Last Airbender' co-creator says 'there's so much I would fix' about show |url=https://ew.com/tv/avatar-last-airbender-creator-fix-series/ |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=March 17, 2022 |language=en |date=July 1, 2021}}}}</ref> also known as '''''Avatar Legends: The Legend of Aang''''' or simply '''''Avatar: The Last Airbender''''', '''''Avatar: The Legend of Aang''''', '''''Avatar Legends''''' or '''''Avatar''''', is an American [[Anime|anime-influenced animated]] [[television series]]. The series was created by [[Michael Dante DiMartino]] and [[Bryan Konietzko]]. It was [[Producer|produced]] by [[Nelvana Limited]]. The series was on [[Nickelodeon]] for three [[Season (television)|seasons]]. The [[Television pilot|pilot episode]], ''The Boy in the Iceberg,'' was first [[Broadcasting|broadcast]] on February 21, 2005. The last episode, ''[[Sozin's Comet: The Final Battle|Sozin's Comet]],'' was broadcast on July 19, 2008. The program is about a world where people can control, or "bend," one of the four [[Element|elements]]—[[water]], [[ground|earth]], [[fire]], or [[air]]. The [[Protagonist|main character]] is [[Aang]]. He is the "Avatar". This means he can bend all four elements. In the series, Aang and his friends [[Katara]], [[Sokka]], and later [[Toph Beifong]] must save the world by defeating Fire Lord Ozai. Ozai is the ruler of the Fire Nation. Aang and his friends want to end a war between the Fire Nation and the other nations. The war has lasted for one hundred years. At the same time, [[Zuko]] tries to capture Aang and defeat him. Zuko used to be the prince of the Fire Nation. The series is based on different parts of [[Asia|Asian]] [[culture]]. The Fire Nation reflects imperial Japan. The Earth Kingdom has many similarities to Chinese culture. The Air Nomads represent Tibetan culture. The Water Tribe matches the Inuk nation and Inuit people. The moves that the characters make when they bend are based on different styles of [[martial arts]]. These include [[Kung-fu|kung fu]] and [[Tai chi chuan|tai chi]]. The art style of the series is similar to the style of [[Anime|Japanese anime]]. ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' received high [[rating]]s when it was broadcast. Its highest rating was 5.6 million people. The series was made for young viewers. Even people who were not 6 to 11 watched and liked it.<ref name="DemographicandPlot">{{cite web|date=2007-01-09|title=Element of Shyamalan in "Airbender"|url=http://www.mnightfans.com/element-of-shyamalan-in-airbender/|access-date=2008-05-03|work=The Hollywood Reporter|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=TVGuide |date=2006-12-28 |title=In Brief: Avatar's Big Finish |page=12}}</ref> Critics also like the show. They think its characters, art, music, and writing are all very good. In addition, ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' talks about difficult things that children's shows do not talk about often. These include [[war]], [[genocide]], [[imperialism]], and [[free will]]. The show has won many awards. It has won five [[Annie Awards]], a [[Genesis Awards|Genesis Award]], a [[Primetime Emmy Awards|Primetime Emmy Award]], a [[Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards|Kids' Choice Award]], and a [[Peabody Award]]. Many people think ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' is one of the best animated series of all time.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Avatar: The Last Airbender' Is Still One of the Greatest Shows of All Time|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/5943jz/avatar-the-last-airbender-is-still-one-of-the-greatest-shows-of-all-time|access-date=2021-10-14|website=www.vice.com|language=en}}</ref> There is a franchise of things related to ''Avatar: The Last Airbender''. One of these is an animated sequel series, ''[[The Legend of Korra]],'' that tells what happens 70 years after the events of the first show''. The Legend of Korra'' premiered in 2012 and ended in 2014.<ref>{{cite news|date=21 July 2010|title=Nickelodeon sets 'Last Airbender' spinoff for 2011|agency=Associated Press|url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100721/ap_en_ot/us_tv_legend_of_korra|url-status=dead|access-date=30 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724085414/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100721/ap_en_ot/us_tv_legend_of_korra|archive-date=24 July 2010}}</ref> There are also [[Avatar: The Last Airbender - The Rise of Kyoshi|two prequel novels]], a [[The Last Airbender|live-action film]], and [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (comics)|a series of comics]], which are still being made. In July 2018, the complete series was released on [[Blu-ray Disc|Blu-ray]]. This was to celebrate the ten-year anniversary of the ending of the show. The show was released on [[Netflix]] in the United States and Canada in May 2020. It was also released on [[Paramount+]] in June 2020 and on [[Amazon Prime Video]] in January 2021. A [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (upcoming TV series)|live action version]] recently premiered on February 22, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Avatar: The Last Airbender: Premiere Date, Trailer, Cast & More|url=https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/article/avatar-the-last-airbender-premiere-date-trailer-cast-more/|access-date=2025-04-08|website=editorial.rottentomatoes.com|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Episodes== {{Main|List of Avatar: The Last Airbender episodes}} ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' takes place in a world that is home to humans, fantastic animals, and spirits. The world is divided into [[Avatar: The Last Airbender - The Nations|four nations]]: the Water Tribes, the Earth Kingdom, the Air Nomads, and the Fire Nation. Each nation bases its society on the element (water, earth, fire, or air) that is in its name. Some people who live in each nation have the power to magically control and use, or "bend," the element of that nation. Those people are called "benders". It should be noted that the element the bender can bend can't be magically created (except fire), but rather just modified and repurposed with the bending technique. Benders can use their powers of bending to fight. The way that the show portrays the fighting style from each nation is based on a [[Martial arts|martial art]] from real life. For instance, "waterbenders" (people who can magically control and use water) have a fighting style that is based on [[tai chi chuan]] from real life. Earthbending is mostly based on [[Hung Ga]] [[kung fu]]. Firebending is like [[Northern Shaolin (martial art)|Northern Shaolin]] kung fu. And Airbending is similar to [[baguazhang]].<ref name="avatar2 index.jhtml">{{cite web|url=http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/index.jhtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023195043/http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/index.jhtml|archive-date=2007-10-23 |title=Nickelodeon's Official Avatar: The Last Airbender Flash Site |access-date=2006-12-02 |publisher=Nick.com}}</ref> Each nation is also connected to a season: autumn for the Air Nomads, winter for the Water Tribe, spring for the Earth Kingdom and summer for the Fire Nation.<ref>{{cite episode|title=The Southern Air Temple |airdate=2005-02-25 |season=1 |number=3 |credits=Director: Lauren MacMullan; Writer: Michael Dante DiMartino |series=Avatar: The Last Airbender |network=Nickelodeon}}</ref> In the world that ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' shows, there is always only one person alive who can bend all four elements. That person is called the "Avatar." When one Avatar dies, he or she is [[Reincarnation|reincarnated]], or born again in another body. The Avatar's next body always belongs to the next nation in the Avatar Cycle. The cycle always goes in this order: water, earth, fire, air. Then it starts over again with water. The Avatar must learn how to bend the elements in the same order. He or she begins by learning how to bend the element of the country where they were born. Then he or she learns the next three elements in order. Usually, it is a challenge for the Avatar to learn how to bend the element that is the opposite of their first, or "native," element. For instance, the main character of the show, Aang, was born to Air Nomads, so air was the first element he learned to bend. The "opposite" element to air is earth, so for Aang, it was difficult to learn earthbending. This is because Earthbending focuses on steadiness and facing your opponent directly. This is different from airbending, which focuses on getting to your opponents in many different ways and changing your style quickly if it is necessary.<ref name="Bitter Work">{{cite episode|title=Bitter Work |airdate=2006-06-02 |season=2 |number=9 |credits=Director: Ethan Spaulding; Writer: Aaron Ehasz |series=Avatar: The Last Airbender |network=Nickelodeon}}</ref> One special power that the Avatar has is called the "Avatar State." When an Avatar goes into the Avatar State, he or she gains all of the knowledge and abilities that all of the past Avatars have had. The Avatar State is a [[defense mechanism]]. An Avatar goes into this state automatically. However, if he or she practices for a very long time, he or she can control when they go into the Avatar State and what they do while they are in it. <ref>{{cite episode|title=The Avatar State |airdate=2006-03-17 |season=2 |number=1 |credits=Director: Giancarlo Volpe; Writers: Aaron Ehasz, Elizabeth Welch Ehasz, Tim Hedrick, John O'Bryan |series=Avatar: The Last Airbender |network=Nickelodeon}}</ref> If an Avatar is killed in the Avatar State, then the Avatar Cycle will be broken. Then there will be no more Avatars.<ref>{{cite episode|title=The Library |airdate=2006-06-14 |season=2 |number=10 |credits=Director: Giancarlo Volpe; Writer: John O'Bryan |series=Avatar: The Last Airbender |network=Nickelodeon}}</ref> Through the years, there have been many Avatars. They keep all of the four nations peaceful.<ref name="avatar2/index.jhtml"/> Another special power that the Avatar has is being able to go into the [[Spirit World]]. He or she can link the physical world to the Spirit World. In this way, he or she can solve problems that regular benders cannot.<ref name="The Spirit World">{{cite episode|title=The Spirit World (Winter Solstice, Part 1) |airdate=2005-04-08 |season=1 |number=7 |credits=Director: Lauren MacMullan; Writer: Aaron Ehasz |series=Avatar: The Last Airbender |network=Nickelodeon}}</ref> ===Season One (Book One: Water)=== {{Main|Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 1)}} One hundred years before the story begins, a twelve-year-old Airbender named [[Aang]] learns that he is the new Avatar. He is not happy when he learns this, because he knows that being the Avatar is a big responsibility, and he does not think he is ready for it. He is also scared of having to leave his [[mentor]], Monk Gyatso, whom he loves very much. Aang flees from home on his animal guide, a flying bison named [[Appa]]. But they fly into a big storm and crash into the ocean, and Aang goes into the Avatar State and freezes himself and Appa inside an [[iceberg]]. They are frozen in a state of [[suspended animation]]—they cannot move, grow older, or die. While this is happening, the Fire Nation is beginning a war against the other three nations. Fire Lord Sozin, the leader of the Fire Nation, knows that the new Avatar is an Air Nomad (because of the Avatar Cycle's pattern), so he kills all of the Air Nomads in a [[genocide]]. This is because he wants to make sure that the Avatar, who is very powerful, will not be able to defeat the Fire Nation in the war. The Fire Nation army is able to kill all of the Air Nomads because a comet called "Sozin's Comet" made their bending much more powerful. But because the actual Avatar, Aang, is frozen in an iceberg, he is not killed. He is the only Airbender to survive the attack. For one hundred years, everybody in the world believes that the Avatar does not exist anymore. A hundred years later, [[Katara]] and [[Sokka]], two siblings who live in the Southern Water Tribe, free Aang and Appa from the iceberg. Katara is the only waterbender in her small tribe. She has taught herself how to bend. Her older brother, Sokka, cannot bend, but he is a warrior. Katara, Sokka, and Aang travel to the Northern Water Tribe so Aang and Katara can learn waterbending from a master. Aang does not know about the war or the genocide of the Air Nomads. While on their journey, they visit the Southern Air Temple, where Aang used to live. There, Aang discovers that the Fire Nation destroyed the Air Nomads. He also meets his Avatar guide, Avatar Roku, who is the Avatar who came before Aang. Roku tells Aang that he must learn to bend all four elements by the [[summer solstice]]. This is because Sozin's Comet will return on that day, and it will make the firebenders' bending very powerful. If Aang does not defeat the current Fire Lord, [[Ozai]], by the summer solstice, then the Fire Nation will take over the world and no one will be able to stop them anymore. While Katara, Sokka, and Aang travel to the Northern Water Tribe, they are constantly chased by Prince [[Zuko]]. Zuko is the son of the current Fire Lord, [[Ozai]], but Ozai [[Exile|banished]] him from the Fire Nation three years before the story starts. Zuko can only return to the Fire Nation and get back his [[honor]] if he captures the Avatar. He travels with his uncle [[Iroh]], nicknamed "Dragon of the West", a legendary Fire Nation general and the older brother of Ozai. Zuko and another Fire Nation military officer, Admiral Zhao, compete to capture the Avatar. At the end of the season, Admiral Zhao leads the Fire Nation navy in attacking the Northern Water Tribe. During the attack, Zhao also kills the Moon Spirit. But Aang and his friends help fight back against this attack, and Yue, the princess of the Northern Water Tribe, sacrifices herself (in other words, she decides to die) so she can become the new Moon Spirit. In the end, Aang and his friends win the battle. ===Season Two (Book Two: Earth)=== {{Main|Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 2)}} After leaving the North Pole, Aang continues to learn and master waterbending with Katara. Aang, Katara, and Sokka look for someone who can teach Aang how to earthbend. They soon meet [[Toph|Toph Bei Fong]], a young girl who is one of the best earthbenders in the world. She is [[Blindness|blind]], but knows how to "see" (or sense her surroundings) through earthbending and by feeling vibrations, or small shakes, in the earth. She teaches Aang to do the same. Meanwhile, Zuko and Iroh are now [[fugitives]] from the Fire Nation. They escape to Ba Sing Se, the capital city of the Earth Kingdom, where they try to start new lives. Zuko, with the help of his uncle, tries to accept the difficult events he has gone through in his life, and he learns to not be so focused on capturing the Avatar. Aang and his friends (who are sometimes called "Team Avatar") learn about a [[solar eclipse]] that will happen in the future. When the eclipse happens, all firebenders will lose their bending for a short time. So Team Avatar makes plans to [[Invasion|invade]] the Fire Nation on that day. This is when Aang plans to defeat Fire Lord Ozai. While Team Avatar travels to Ba Sing Se so they can tell the Earth King about the eclipse, Zuko's younger sister [[Azula]] and her two friends [[Mai]] and [[Ty Lee]] try to capture them. Finally, the three of them capture the Kyoshi Warriors (friends of Team Avatar) and pretend to be them, so that they can invade Ba Sing Se. Azula persuades an elite group of Earthbenders called the Dai Li to instigate a [[coup d'état]], allowing the Fire Nation to capture Ba Sing Se. At the end of the season, when Team Avatar is fighting against Azula and her allies, Zuko sides with Azula, who promises to restore his honor. When Aang enters the Avatar State, Azula shoots him with lightning. It hurts him very badly, and he almost dies. Katara brings Aang back to life with spirit water that she got from the North Pole in the previous season. But Aang's seventh chakra is blocked, and he cannot enter the Avatar State. ===Season Three (Book Three: Fire)=== {{Main|Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 3)}} {{see also|Sozin's Comet: The Final Battle}} Aang awakens to find the group disguised as Fire Nation soldiers heading West on a Fire Nation ship, while Zuko has been restored to his position as crown prince. Sokka has planned a small-scale invasion of the Fire Nation to capture the Fire Lord's palace and defeat Fire Lord Ozai, taking advantage of the solar eclipse. The invasion will be staged by a ragtag group of benders and warriors who Aang has helped along his journey. Initially the invasion proceeds as planned, but Aang fails to find the Fire Lord before the eclipse ends, because Azula knew about the invasion. The invasion ultimately fails, and only Aang and his closest friends are able to escape. Zuko, in a change of heart, decides to defy his father and join the Avatar. Zuko catches up with Aang at the Western Air Temple and offers to teach Aang Firebending. After some reluctance from Katara and Sokka, Team Avatar allows Zuko to join the group. In the series finale, Aang defeats Fire Lord Ozai by taking away his ability to firebend. With Ozai defeated, the war quickly ends. Zuko is crowned the new Fire Lord and, with the help of the Avatar and his friends, begins rebuilding the four nations. The series ends as Aang and Katara kiss in front of the sunset. ==Characters== {{Main|List of Avatar: The Last Airbender characters}}<ref name="Voice Actors">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=btGwaRRPnMg Avatar: Voice Actors - The voice actors talking about their characters]</ref> [[Aang]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046903/ |title=Imdb.com - Aang (character)(profil) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512035537/https://thesananews.com/quotes/uncle-iroh-inspirational-quotes/the |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/characters/aang.html Nickelodeon.com - Aang]</ref> ([[Zach Tyler Eisen]]<ref name="Voice Actors"/>) is a 12 year old. He is the most important character in the series. He was frozen in ice with his flying bison, Appa, for 100 years. He was found by a young Waterbender named Katara. Now he is the Avatar, the master of 4 different powers: water, earth, fire and air. Aang is a hero, but he doesn't want to be a hero. He is trying to make the world good again.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046903/bio |title=Imdb.com - Aang (bio) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227230829/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046903/bio |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Katara]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046906/ |title=Imbd.com - Katara (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711103637/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046906/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/characters/katara.html Nickelodeon.com - Katara]</ref> ([[Mae Whitman]]<ref name="Voice Actors"/>) is 14 years old. She is a Waterbender. This means she can move water by moving her body. She is in the Southern Water Tribe. Katara has a brother. His name is Sokka. They find Aang in a big ball of ice. He had been frozen for 100 years. Katara and Sokka go with Aang on an adventure to kill the evil Lord. His is called Fire Lord Ozai. She is his first teacher for water.Katara can do bloodbending. This means she can move peoples' bodies by "bending" their blood. She does not like to do this. [[Sokka]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0053811/ |title=Imbd.com - Sokka (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211152645/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0053811/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/characters/sokka.html Nickelodeon.com - Sokka]</ref> ([[Jack DeSena]]<ref name="Voice Actors"/>) is 15 years old. He is a warrior. He is also Katara's brother. He lives in the Southern Water Tribe. He goes with Aang on his adventure to kill the evil Fire Lord. He is very funny, so he says he is "meat-loving" and "[[sarcasm|sarcastic]]".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0053811/bio |title=Imbd.com - Sokka (bio) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227234704/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0053811/bio |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sokka is different from his friends. He cannot "bend" anything, he is a fighter and a thinker. He has lots of good ideas and weapons. He has a [[boomerang]] and a [[sword]] he made from a [[meteorite]]. [[Michael Dante DiMartino]], who made the TV show, said that Sokka could have been a Waterbender, but he never learned how to do it. [[Toph]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046908/ |title=Imdb.com - Toph (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2016-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222180242/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046908/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/characters/toph.html Nickelodeon.com - Toph]</ref> ([[Jessie Flower]]<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DtCsrnQ1Wl4 Michael Dante DiMartino, Bryan Konietzko and Jessie Flower are talking about Toph]</ref>) is 12 years old. She is blind. She is an Earthbender. Her family is rich, but she doesn't like money. She is very strong and she likes to fight.{{efn|We see her the first time in Season 2[[Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 2)|second season]] - ''Blind Bandit''}} When she meets Aang and his friends she thinks they are strange. She wants to help them, so she goes with them on their adventure. She is Aang's teacher for Earthbending. She is blind, but she can still see things. Toph "sees" with her feet. She feels the earth move a little bit. Then she knows what is happening. Toph is the most powerful Earthbender ever.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046908/bio |title=Imdb.com - Toph Bei Fong (bio) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2012-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113225739/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046908/bio |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Zuko]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0029576/ |title=Imdb.com - Zuko (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214093431/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0029576/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/characters/zuko.html Nickelodeon.com - Zuko]</ref> ([[Dante Basco]]<ref name="Voice Actors"/>) is 16 years old. He is the son of the evil Fire Lord, so he is a prince. In Season 1 he is the most important bad guy. Zuko's life was hard. Something happened and now his father doesn't like him.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0029576/bio |title=Imdb.com - Zuko (bio) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227180119/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0029576/bio |url-status=dead }}</ref> Zuko wants to catch the Avatar because his father banished him until he can capture and bring the Avatar as a prisoner to the Fire Lord. Zuko does not like himself, he is angry, and his family is crazy. In the show Zuko learns how to be nice. He wears a blue mask to hide himself and then he saves people. In season three, he leaves the Fire Lord. He goes to Aang and becomes his friend. He becomes a Firebending teacher for Aang. At the end, he is the new Fire Lord. [[Azula]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046913/ |title=Imbd.com - Azula (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130183151/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046913/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/characters/azula.html Nickelodeon.com - Azula]</ref> ([[Grey DeLisle]]) is a bad princess. She is a Firebender. She is Zuko's younger sister. She is an important bad guy in the show. Azula is very good at Firebending. It is easy for her to do it. She can make lightning. She is very mean to her friends [[Mai]] and [[Ty Lee]]. She uses fire to scare them. The Fire Lord likes her more than Zuko.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046913/bio |title=Imdb.com - Azula (bio) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2016-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417072039/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046913/bio |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ltk3DvwHkDQ Michael Dante DiMartino, Bryan Konietzko and Grey DeLisle talking about Azula]</ref> [[Iroh]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046909/ |title=Imbd.com - Iroh (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731071837/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046909/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/characters/iroh.html Nickelodeon.com - Iroh]</ref> ([[Mako Iwamatsu|Mako]] in season one and two, [[Greg Baldwin]] in season three{{efn|Because of Mako's death}}) used to be a general for the Fire Lord. He can make fire in his nose and mouth, so they call him the Dragon of the West. He is Prince Zuko's uncle and teacher. The Fire lord is Iroh's brother. Iroh is older than the Fire Lord. He should be the Lord, but the Fire Lord lied, so that he could be the Lord.<ref>{{cite episode|title=Zuko Alone |series=Avatar: The Last Airbender |network=Nickelodeon |airdate=2006-05-12 |season=2 |number=7}}</ref> People think Iroh is nice, kind, and happy. He does silly things so people think he is not strong or smart. But Iroh is very smart and strong. Iroh has a secret group of friends. They are strong and good at fighting. The friends are called The Order of the White Lotus. In the last episode they fight the Fire Nation. They win and the world becomes a good place. Iroh is special because he learned how to do Firebending from [[Dragon]]s. === Other characters === {|class="wikitable" |- !Name!!Voiced by!!Description |- |Appa<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046907/ |title=Imdb.com - Appa (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2016-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228181115/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046907/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046907/bio |title=Imdb.com - Appa (bio) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2010-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601032332/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046907/bio |url-status=dead }}</ref> |[[Dee Bradley Baker]] |Aang's flying bison |- |Momo<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0051506/ |title=Imdb.com - Momo (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2016-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308125938/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0051506/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |[[Dee Bradley Baker]] |Aang's lemur |- |Mai<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046914/ |title=Imdb.com - Mai (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202192146/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046914/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046914/bio |title=Imdb.com - Mai (bio) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201115154/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046914/bio |url-status=dead }}</ref> |[[Cricket Leigh]] |Zuko's girlfriend |- |Ty Lee<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046912/ |title=Imdb.com - Ty Lee (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2016-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813010604/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046912/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046912/bio Imbd.com - Ty Lee (bio)]{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |[[Olivia Hack]] |Mai's friend |- |Suki<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0126572/ |title=Imdb.com - Suki (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202124148/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0126572/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0126572/bio |title=Imdb.com - Suki (bio) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2010-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124142609/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0126572/bio |url-status=dead }}</ref> |[[Jennie Kwan]] |Sokka's girlfriend, the leader of the Kyoshi Warriors |- |Hakoda<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0079685/ |title=Imdb.com - Hakoda (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2011-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126205800/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0079685/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0079685/bio Imdb.com - Hakoda (bio)]{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |[[André Sogliuzzo]] |Sokka and Katara's father, the chief of the Southern Water Tribe |} ==Production== [[File:Mike Dante DiMartino.JPG|thumb|Michael DiMartino, one of the co-creators of the show, at the 2008 [[New York Comic Con]].]] ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' was co-created and produced by [[Michael Dante DiMartino]] and [[Bryan Konietzko]] at Nelvana Limited in [[Toronto|Tortnto Onartio, Canada]]. Animation work was done by the Korean animation studio [[DR Movie]]. According to Bryan Konietzko, the program was conceived in the spring of 2001 when he took an old sketch of a balding, middle-aged man and re-imagined the character as a child.<ref name="NickMagInterview1">{{cite journal|last=DiMartino|first=Michael Dante|author2=Konietzko, Bryan|year=2006|title=In Their Elements|journal=Nickelodeon Magazine|issue=Winter 2006|page=6}}</ref> Konietzko drew the character herding bison in the sky, and showed the sketch to Mike DiMartino. At the time, DiMartino was studying a documentary about explorers trapped in the [[South Pole]]. Konietzko described their early development of the concept: {{cquote|We thought, "There's an air guy along with these water people trapped in a snowy wasteland... and maybe some fire people are pressing down on them..."|Bryan Konietzko<ref name="NickMagInterview1"/>}}The co-creators successfully pitched the idea to Nickelodeon [[VP]] and [[executive producer]] Eric Coleman just two weeks later.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mag.awn.com/index.php?ltype=pageone&article_no=3428 |title=It's Elementary -- Avatar: The Last Airbender |last=Clark |first=Craig J. |date=2007-10-17 |publisher=Animation World Magazine, Inc. |access-date=2008-05-03 |archive-date=2012-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813045036/http://www.awn.com/articles/production/its-elementary-iavatar-last-airbenderi |url-status=dead }}</ref> The show was first revealed to the public in a teaser reel at [[San Diego Comic-Con International|Comic-Con]] 2004,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nick.com/all_nick/tv_supersites/video.jhtml?show_id=ava&clip=16 |title=Avatar: The Last Airbender Sneak Peak |access-date=2006-12-10 |publisher=Nickelodeon}}</ref> and started show the episodes from 21 February 2005. In the United States, first two episodes of the series were shown together in a one-hour premiere event. A second twenty-episode season ran from 17 March 2006 through 1 December.<ref name="secondseason">{{cite web|author=Carlsbad|date=2006-01-24|title=Article on Launch of Avatar Card Game|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/01-24-2006/0004266998&EDATE=|access-date=2006-12-03|publisher=PR Newswire}}</ref> A third and final season, beginning September 21, 2007, featured twenty-one episodes rather than the usual twenty.<ref name="as_S3airdate">A third season consisting of twenty-one episodes began airing on September 21, 2007</ref> The final four episodes were packaged as a two-hour movie. ===Cultural influences=== ''Avatar'' is notable for borrowing extensively from [[Art of East Asia|Asian art]] and mythology to create its [[universe]]. The show's character designs are heavily influenced by [[anime]] as well as [[China|Chinese]] [[art]] and [[History of China|history]], [[Hinduism]], [[Taoism]], [[Buddhism]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nicksplat.com/Whatsup/200510/12000135.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071217111256/http://www.nicksplat.com/Whatsup/200510/12000135.html |archive-date=2007-12-17 |title=Interview With The Creators |access-date=2006-12-02 |date=2005-10-12 |publisher=NickSplat.com}}</ref> and [[Yoga]].<ref name="nytimes">{{cite news|author=Mark Lasswell|date=2005-08-25|title=Kung Fu Fightin' Anime Stars, Bo|work=New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/28/arts/television/28lass.html?ei=5090&en=2d9845c5b0133bb9&ex=1282881600&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss&pagewanted=all|access-date=2006-12-02}}</ref> Traditional [[East Asian calligraphy]] styles are used for nearly all the writing in the show. For each instance of calligraphy, an appropriate style is used, ranging from [[seal script]] (more archaic) to [[clerical script]].<ref name="calligraphy.html">{{cite web |url=http://www.musogato.com/avatar/calligraphy.html |title=Calligraphy Writing In Avatar |access-date=2006-12-02 |author=KTChong |publisher=Distant Horizon |archive-date=2007-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070108101432/http://www.musogato.com/avatar/calligraphy.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The show employed a cultural consultant, Edwin Zane, and calligrapher Siu-Leung Lee as consultants for the show's cultural influences.<ref name="nytimes"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://movies.nytimes.com/person/537590/Edwin-Zane/movieography |title=Edwin Zane&nbsp;— Movieography |access-date=2009-02-14 |work=New York Times}}</ref> The choreographed martial art bending moves were profoundly affected by Asian cinema.<ref name="NickMagInterview1"/> In an interview, Bryan revealed that, "Mike and I were really interested in other epic 'Legends & Lore' properties, like [[Harry Potter]] and ''[[The Lord of the Rings|Lord of the Rings]]'', but we knew that we wanted to take a different approach to that type of genre. Our love for Japanese anime, Hong Kong action and [[kung fu]] cinema, yoga, and Eastern philosophies led us to the initial inspiration for ''Avatar''."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tv.ign.com/articles/818/818284p1.html |title=IGN: Interview: Avatar's Bryan Konietzko and Michael Dante DiMartino |access-date=2007-09-24 |date=2007-09-06 |publisher=IGN}}</ref> All music and sound used in the series was done by [[Jeremy Zuckerman]] and Benjamin Wynn, who form "The Track Team". They made use of a wide range of different instruments (such as the [[guzheng]], [[pipa]] and [[duduk]]) to compose a background music that fits into the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soundtrack.net/features/article/?id=252 |title=Interview with The Track Team |access-date=2009-08-20 |publisher=[[SoundtrackNet]]}}</ref> ===Avatar=== The term "[[Avatar]]" comes from the language of [[Sanskrit]], one of the most ancient languages of [[India]]. The word ''Avatāra'', ([[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]]: {{lang|sa|अवतार}}), which means "descent"; its roots are ''ava'' means "down," and ''tri'' means "to pass." In the Hindu scriptures, ''avatara'' signifies the descent of Divinity into flesh. One who attains union with Spirit and then returns to earth to help humanity is called an avatar. The [[Chinese character]]s that appear at the top of the show's title card mean "the divine medium who has descended upon the mortal world."<ref name="calligraphy.html"/> When [[Aang]] was young, he unknowingly revealed that he was the Avatar when he chose four toys out of thousands, each of which were the childhood toys of the previous Avatars. In [[Tibetan Buddhism]], there is a similar test for reincarnations of a [[Tulku]] [[Lama]]. In ''Magic and Mystery in Tibet'', [[Alexandra David-Néel|Alexandra David-Neel]] writes that "a number of objects such as [[rosary|rosaries]], ritualistic implements, books, tea-cups, etc., are placed together, and the child must pick out those which belonged to the late ''tulku'', thus showing that he recognizes the things which were ''theirs'' in their previous life."<ref>{{cite book| last = David-Neel| first = Alexandra| title = Magic and Mystery in Tibet| url = https://archive.org/details/magicmysteryinti0000davi| year = 1971| publisher = Courier Corporation| isbn = 978-0-486-22682-8| page = [https://archive.org/details/magicmysteryinti0000davi/page/124 124] }}</ref> Each successor is expected to show signs of continuity with the previous Avatar, such as being born within a week of the death. ===Elements and fighting styles=== <!-- Do not mention any specific classical ideology as the influential source unless you have verifiable proof. No "missing fifth element."--> ''Avatar'' draws on the four [[classical element]]s common to many [[Philosophy|ancient philosophies]] for its bending arts: [[Water]], [[Earth]], [[Fire]] and [[Air]]. Although each has its own variation, most ancient philosophies incorporate these four elements in some way. Examples include the classical [[Tattva|Hindu]], [[Mahābhūta|Buddhist]], and [[Classical elements#Classical elements in Greece|Greek]] elemental traditions. In the show’s opening, each element is accompanied by two Chinese characters: an ancient Chinese [[seal script]] character on the left representing the element being shown and a modern Chinese character on the right describing some feature of the element. The character 水 ([[pinyin]]: ''shui''), which stands for water, is shown with 善 (pinyin: ''shan''), which means benevolence and adaptivity. The character 土 ([[pinyin]]: ''tu''), which stands for earth, is shown with 強 (pinyin: ''qiang''), which means for strength and stability. The character 火 ([[pinyin]]: ''huo''), which stands for fire, is shown with 烈 (pinyin: ''lie''), which means intensity and passion. Finally, the character 气 ([[pinyin]]: ''qi''), which stands for air, is shown with 和 (pinyin: ''he''), which means peace and harmony.<ref name="cally">{{cite web |url=http://www.musogato.com/avatar/calligraphy.html |title=Distant Horizon: Avatar Calligraphy |access-date=2006-12-09 |archive-date=2007-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070108101432/http://www.musogato.com/avatar/calligraphy.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <!-- Please do not mention the 4 Classical Chinese Elements. We KNOW, they're different. Several other philosophies are too. None of them, and neither the Chinese elements, are used in the show, so mentioning any of them is of NO importance. Except to provide relevant information and greater understanding of Chinese culture.--> In addition to the use of four classical elements in the series, the fighting styles associated with each element are all taken from different styles of [[Chinese martial arts]]. The series employed Sifu Kisu of the Harmonious Fist Chinese Athletic Association as a martial arts consultant.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.harmoniousfist.com/ |title=The National Shaolin Information Resource |access-date=2006-12-02 |publisher=The Harmonious Fist Chinese Athletic Association |archive-date=2006-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061205044333/http://harmoniousfist.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Each fighting style was chosen to represent the element it projected. [[Tai chi chuan|Tai Chi]] was used for "Waterbending" in the series, and it focuses on alignment, body structure, breath, and visualization. [[Hung Ga]]r was used for "Earthbending" in the series, and was chosen for its firmly rooted stances and powerful strikes to present the solid nature of earth. [[Northern Shaolin (martial art)|Northern Shaolin]], which uses strong arm and leg movements was used for "Firebending". And [[Baguazhang|Ba Gua]], which uses dynamic circular movements and quick directional changes, was used for "Airbending".<ref name="avatar2/index.jhtml">{{cite web|url=http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/index.jhtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023195043/http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/index.jhtml|archive-date=October 23, 2007 |title=Nickelodeon's Official Avatar: The Last Airbender Flash Site |publisher=Nick.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pa-kua.com/fyi27/fyib27.htm |title=Advanced Circle Walking: Training to Fight |last=Miller |first=Dan |year=1994 |work=Pa Kua Chang Journal |publisher=The Ba Gua Zhang (Pa Kua Chang) Website of Sifu Park Bok-Nam |access-date=2008-05-07 |archive-date=2008-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509142612/http://www.pa-kua.com/fyi27/fyib27.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shenwu.com/bagua.htm |title=An Introduction to Ba Gua Zhang |last=Cartmell |first=Tim |publisher=Shen Wu Martial Arts |access-date=2008-05-07}}</ref> The only exception to these styles is [[Toph]], who can be seen practicing a [[Southern Praying Mantis (martial art)#Chu Gar|Chu Gar Southern Praying Mantis]] style.<ref name="con">{{cite web |url=http://flaming-june.org/videos/Audience%20Question%20&%20Answer%20Pt.%202.wmv |title=Audience Questions and Answer Part 2 at the San Diego Comi-con 2006 |publisher=Flaming June |access-date=2008-05-07 |archive-date=2008-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080414152845/http://flaming-june.org/videos/Audience%20Question%20%26%20Answer%20Pt.%202.wmv |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Awards== ===Nielsen ratings=== When the show first was shown it was rated the best animated television series in its demographic;<ref name="animation">{{cite web |url=http://www.animationinsider.net/article.php?articleID=1066 |title=Avatar: Season 3 |access-date=2006-12-16 |date=2006-06-30 |last=Bynum |first=Aaron H. |publisher=Animation Insider |archive-date=2012-11-05 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BwcCJWfD?url=http://www.animationinsider.net/article.php?articleID=1066 |url-status=dead }}</ref> new episodes averaged 3.1&nbsp;million viewers each.<ref name="animation"/> A one-hour special showing of "The Secret of the Fire Nation" which was shown on 15 September 2006, consisting of "The Serpent's Pass" and "The Drill", gathered an audience of 5.1&nbsp;million viewers. According to the [[Nielsen Media Research]], the special was the best performing cable television show airing in that week.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.animationinsider.net/article.php?articleID=1153 |title=Secret of the Fire Nation Ratings |access-date=2006-12-16 |date=2006-09-20 |last=Bynum |first=Aaron H. |publisher=Animation Insider |archive-date=2012-11-05 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BwcCptV0?url=http://www.animationinsider.net/article.php?articleID=1153 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2007, ''Avatar'' was syndicated to more than 105&nbsp;countries worldwide, and was one of Nickelodeon's top rated programs. The series was ranked first on Nickelodeon in [[Germany]], [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Belgium]], and [[Colombia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.viacom.com/NEWS/NewsText.aspx?RID=1077954 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080105074603/http://www.viacom.com/NEWS/NewsText.aspx?RID=1077954 |archive-date=2008-01-05 |title=Aang Is Ready to Strike Down the Fire Nation on the Darkest Day of the Year in Avatar's "Day of Black Sun" Premiering Friday, Nov. 30 on Nickelodeon |publisher=Viaco |date=2007-11-14 |access-date=2008-05-06}}</ref> The series finale, ''[[Sozin's Comet: The Final Battle]]'', received the highest ratings of the series. Its 19 July 2008 premiere averaged 5.6 million viewers, 95% more viewers than Nickelodeon had received in mid-July 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newsblaze.com/entertainment/features/nickelodeons-avatar-the-last-airbender-hits-all-time-series-high_62095/ |title=Nickelodeon's Avatar: The Last Airbender Hits All-Time Series High |publisher=News Blaze |date=2008-07-22 |access-date=2009-03-13}}</ref> During the week of 14 July, it ranked as the most-viewed program for the under-14 demographic.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/avatar-the-last-airbender/nineteen-million-tuned-in-for-21563.aspx |title=19 Million Tuned in for Special "Avatar" Week |last=Diaz |first=Glenn L. |date=29 July 2008 |publisher=Buddytv.com |access-date=2008-11-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.animationinsider.net/article.php?articleID=1794 |title=Nick's "AVATAR" Animation Series Finale Scores Big Ratings |publisher=Animationinsider.net |last=Luna |first=Kyle |access-date=2008-11-30 |archive-date=2009-03-18 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.animationinsider.net%2Farticle.php%3FarticleID%3D1794&date=2009-03-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Sozin's Comet'' also appeared on [[iTunes]]' top ten list of best-selling television episodes during that same week.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ax.itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/browserRedirect?url=itms%253A%252F%252Fax.itunes.apple.com%252FWebObjects%252FMZStore.woa%252Fwa%252FviewTVSeason%253Fi%253D285923116%2526id%253D264270811%2526s%253D143441%2526v0%253DWWW-NAUS-ITUHOME-TOPTV |title=iTunes&nbsp;— Sozin's Comet |work=[[Apple Inc.]] |access-date=2008-07-24}}</ref> ''Sozin's Comet''{{'}}s popularity affected online media as well; "Rise of the Phoenix King", a [[Nick.com]] online game based on ''Sozin's Comet'', generated almost 815,000 game plays within three days.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/article/8636 |title=Nick's Avatar Hits Ratings High |last=Ball |first=Ryan |publisher=[[Animation Magazine]] |date=2008-07-23 |access-date=2008-07-24}}</ref> ===Other awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#75b5f6;" ! Awards/Category ! Result |- | colspan="3" style="background:#f2d5a6;"| '''2005 Pulcinella Awards:'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/article.php?article_id=3902 |title=Cartoons on the Bay Picks Winners |date=2005-05-03 |first=Ryan |last=Ball |access-date=2007-12-08 |publisher=Animation Insider}}</ref> |- | Best Action/Adventure TV Series | {{won}} |- | Best TV Series | {{won}} |- | colspan="3" style="background:#f2d5a6;"| '''[[33rd Annie Awards]]:'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://annieawards.org/33rdwinners.html |title=Annie Awards: Legacy - 33rd Annual Annie Awards |date=2005-02-09 |publisher=International Animated Movie Society |access-date=2008-04-26}}</ref> |- | Best Animated Television Production | {{Nom}} |- | Storyboarding in an Animated Television Production (for the 16th episode of [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 1)|first season]] ''The Deserter'') | {{won}} |- | Writing for an Animated Television Production (for the 14th episode of first season ''The Fortuneteller'') | {{Nom}} |- | colspan="3" style="background:#f2d5a6;"| '''[[34th Annie Awards]]:'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://annieawards.org/34thwinners.html |title=Annie Awards: Legacy - 34th Annual Annie Awards |date=2006-02-09 |publisher=International Animated Movie Society |access-date=2008-04-26}}</ref> |- | Character Animation in a Television Production (for the 6th episode of second season ''The Blind Bandit'') | {{won}} |- | Directing in an Animated Television Production (for the 13th episode of second season ''The Drill'') | {{won}} |- | colspan="3" style="background:#f2d5a6;"| '''[[36th Annie Awards]]:'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://annieawards.org/foryourconsideration.html |title=2008 Annie Awards: For Your Consideration |publisher=[[Annie Awards]] |access-date=2008-12-02}}</ref> |- | Best Animated Television Production for Children | {{won}} |- | Directing in an Animated Television Production ([[Joaquim Dos Santos]] for the 20th episode of the [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 3)|thirt season]] ''[[Sozin's Comet: The Final Battle|Into the Inferno]]'') | {{won}} |- | colspan="3" style="background:#f2d5a6;"| '''2007 [[Genesis Awards]]:''' |- | Outstanding Children's Programming (for the 16th episode of [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 2)|second season]] ''Appa's Lost Days'') | {{won}} |- | colspan="3" style="background:#f2d5a6;"| '''[[Primetime Emmy Awards]]:''' |- | Outstanding Animated Program (for the 14th episode of second season ''City of Walls and Secrets'') | {{Nom}} |- | Individual Achievement Award (Sang-Jin Kim for the 17th episode of second season ''Lake Laogai'') | {{won}} |- | colspan="3" style="background:#f2d5a6;"| '''[[Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards|Nickelodeon Kid's Choice Awards]] 2008:''' |- | Favorite Cartoon<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bumpshack.com/2008/03/29/2008-nickelodeon-kids-choice-awards-winners/ |title=2008 Nickelodeon "Kids Choice Awards" Winners |date=2008-03-29 |publisher=BumpShack |access-date=2008-05-07 |archive-date=2008-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080504093735/http://bumpshack.com/2008/03/29/2008-nickelodeon-kids-choice-awards-winners/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | {{won}} |- | colspan="3" style="background:#f2d5a6;"| '''[[Annecy International Animated Movie Festival|Annecy]] 2008:''' |- | TV series ([[Joaquim Dos Santos]] for the 11th episode of third season ''The Day of Black Sun Part 2: The Eclipse'')<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.annecy.org/home/index.php?Page_ID=1875&code_categmovie=C8&titre=&realisateur= |title=Annecy 2008 - Official Selection |publisher=Annecy 2008 |access-date=2008-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416223614/https://www.annecy.org/home/index.php?Page_ID=1875&code_categmovie=C8&titre=&realisateur= |date=2009-03-14 |archive-date=2021-04-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | {{nom}} |- | colspan="3" style="background:#f2d5a6;"| '''56th [[Golden Reel Award (Motion Picture Sound Editors)|Golden Reel Awards]]:''' |- | Best Sound Editing in a Television Animation (for the 21th episode of third season ''[[Sozin's Comet: The Final Battle#Part 4: Avatar Aang|Avatar Aang]]'')<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mpse.org/goldenreels/2009awards/2009tvnominees.html |title=56th Golden Reel Awards Television Nominees |year=2009 |publisher=Motion Picture Sound Editors |access-date=2009-01-31 |archive-date=2009-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130004138/http://mpse.org/goldenreels/2009awards/2009tvnominees.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | {{Nom}} |- | colspan="3" style="background:#f2d5a6;"| '''2008 [[Peabody Award]]s:''' |- | "Unusually complex characters and healthy respect for the consequences of warfare"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.peabody.uga.edu/news/event.php?id=59|title=2008 Peabody|publisher=[[Peabody Award]]|access-date=2009-06-20|archive-date=2009-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608125014/http://www.peabody.uga.edu/news/event.php?id=59|url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{won}} |} ==Other media== ===Literature=== [[Dark Horse Comics]] released an art book titled ''Avatar: The Last Airbender&nbsp;— The Art of the Animated Series'', on 2 June 2010 which contains 184 pages of the original art and creation behind the ''Avatar'' animated series.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.darkhorse.com/Books/16-782/Avatar-The-Last-Airbender---The-Art-of-the-Animated-Series |title=Avatar: The Last Airbender&nbsp;— The Art of the Animated Series :: Profile :: Dark Horse Comics |publisher=[[Dark Horse Comics]] |access-date=2010-03-03 |archive-date=2012-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106034838/http://www.darkhorse.com/Books/16-782/Avatar-The-Last-Airbender---The-Art-of-the-Animated-Series |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===Promotion and merchandising=== [[File:Avatar Airbender MOA.jpg|thumb|The "[[Avatar Airbender]]" [[roller coaster]] at [[Mall of America]]'s [[Nickelodeon|Nickelodeon Universe]].]] ''Avatar'''s success has led to some promotional advertising with third-party companies, such as [[Burger King]] and [[Upper Deck Company|Upper Deck Entertainment]]. ''Avatar''-themed [[roller coaster]]s at [[Nickelodeon|Nickelodeon Universe]] in the [[Mall of America]] and one formerly at ''Kings Island'' also appeared. During the show's runtime, Nickelodeon published two special issues of ''[[Nickelodeon|Nick Mag Presents]]'' dedicated entirely to the show. Various members of the ''Avatar'' staff and cast appeared at the 2006 San Diego Comic-Con International convention, while Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko appeared with Martial Arts Consultant Sifu Kisu at the Pacific Media Expo on October 28, 2006. ''Avatar'' also has its own line of T-shirts, [[LEGO]] [[Lego Avatar: The Last Airbender|playsets]], toys, a trading card game,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://entertainment.upperdeck.com/avatar/en/interface.aspx |title=Avatar Trading Card Game |access-date=2010-08-14 |archive-date=2008-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080302152900/http://entertainment.upperdeck.com/avatar/en/interface.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> a [[Movie comic|cine-manga]], and three video games, as well as an [[Massively Multiplayer Online Game|MMO]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.viacom.com/news/Pages/newstext.aspx?RID=1179537 |title=Nickelodeon Unveils New Avatar Multiplayer Online Global Game in September |access-date=2008-08-01 |work=Press Release |publisher=Viacom |date=2008-07-25 |archive-date=2008-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080805153647/http://www.viacom.com/news/Pages/newstext.aspx?RID=1179537 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Mattel]]-produced action figure toy line generated some controversy with its exclusion of any female characters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oafe.net/articulation/0707.php |title=Points of Articulation: An Open Letter to Mattel |publisher=OAFE |date=2007-07-28 |access-date=2008-09-13}}</ref> Mattel came to release information stating that they have taken account of Katara's increased role within the program, and that she would be included in the figure assortment for a mid 2007 release.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://community.livejournal.com/avatar_fans/1658088.html |title=Live Journal}}</ref> The figure ultimately went unreleased, however, as the entire line was cancelled before she could be produced. Nickelodeon executives have since released optimistic plans for upcoming marketing strategies in regards to ''Avatar''. Nickelodeon President [[Cyma Zarghami]] openly stated his belief that the franchise "could become their ''[[Harry Potter]]''".<ref name="becomeharrypotter">{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/money/media/2007-09-20-avatar_N.htm |title=Nick pins hopes on Avatar |publisher=[[USA Today]] |date=2007-09-20 |access-date=2008-04-16 | first=David | last=Lieberman}}</ref> They expect consumers to spend about $121 million in 2007, rising to $254 million by 2009.<ref name="becomeharrypotter"/> The marketing plans are to be coincided with the release of the first live-action movie based on the series in 2010, which will be the first movie in a trilogy.<ref name="becomeharrypotter"/> ===Video games=== In the series of ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' based a [[video game]] trilogy: * [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (video game)|Avatar: The Last Airbender]], based on the [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 1)|first season]] of ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' * [[Avatar: The Last Airbender - The Burning Earth]], based on the [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 2)|second season]] of ''Avatar: The Last Airbender''. * [[Avatar: The Last Airbender - Into the Inferno]], based on the [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 3)|third season]] of ''Avatar: The Last Airbender''. ''Avatar: Legends of the Arena'', a video game for [[Microsoft Windows]], was launched on 25 September 2008 by [[Nickelodeon]].<ref name="Avatar spirit media">{{cite news |title=Nickelodeon Announces Avatar: The Legend of Aang |url=http://www.avatarspiritmedia.net/index.php#541 |publisher=Avatarspirit.net |access-date=2008-09-09 |archive-date=2016-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312162151/http://www.comicmix.com/2010/06/20/review-avatar-the-last-airbender-the-complete-book-1-collectors-edition/#541 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Each user is able to create their own character, choose a nation, and to interact with others across the globe.<ref name="Avatar spirit media"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Nickelodeon Launching Avatar MMORPG Worldwide In September |url=http://www.worldsinmotion.biz/2008/07/nickelodeon_launching_avatar_m.php |work=Worlds in Motion |access-date=2008-09-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.nick.com/avatarlegends/ |title=The Official LotA site on Nick.com |publisher=[[Nick.com|Nickelodeon]] |access-date=2008-09-14}}</ref> ===Movie adaptation=== {{Main|The Last Airbender}} In the series of ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' based the trilogy ''[[The Last Airbender]]'': * [[The Last Airbender]], which was released on 1 July 2010 (based on [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 1)|the first season]] of ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'') * The Last Airbender 2, which was set to be released in 2012 (based on [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 2)|the second season]] of ''Avatar: The Last Airbender''). Has been canceled due to failure to stay faithful to the source. * The Last Airbender 3, which was set to be released in 2014 (based on [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 3)|the third season]] of ''Avatar: The Last Airbender''). There is no further announcement. ==== List of actors ==== {|class="wikitable" |- !Actors!!Role |- |[[Noah Ringer]]<ref name="ewlineup">{{Cite web |title=Entertainment Weekly — Shyamalan lines up his cast for 'The Last Airbender' |url=http://hollywoodinsider.ew.com/2008/12/shyamalan-casts.html |access-date=2010-08-14 |archive-date=2009-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090703130252/http://hollywoodinsider.ew.com/2008/12/shyamalan-casts.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Aang |- |[[Jackson Rathbone]]<ref name="ewlineup" /> |Sokka |- |[[Nicola Peltz]]<ref name="ewlineup" /> |Katara |- |[[Dev Patel]]<ref>[http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117999413.html?categoryid=13&cs=1&nid=2562 Variety — Shyamalan cast floats on 'Air']</ref> |Ζuko |- |[[Shaun Toub]] |Iroh |- |[[Cliff Curtis]] |Ozai |- |[[Summer Bishil]] |Azula |} === Avatar: The Legend of Korra === {{Main|Avatar: The Legend of Korra}} A series based on ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' is currently in development at [[Nickelodeon]] and due for release in 2011.<ref name="date">{{cite web |last=Associated |first=The |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128662333 |title=Nickelodeon Sets 'Last Airbender' Spinoff For 2011 |publisher=NPR |access-date=2010-07-23 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.teenbubblegum.com/legend-of-korra-the-new-avatar-series/1575/ |title=Teenbubblegum.com = Description of ''Avatar: The Legend of Korra'' |access-date=2010-08-14 |archive-date=2010-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100801055521/http://www.teenbubblegum.com/legend-of-korra-the-new-avatar-series/1575/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> It will be created by [[Michael Dante DiMartino]] and [[Bryan Konietzko]]. the creators of ''Avatar: The Last Airbender''.<ref name="ToonZone">{{Cite web |url=http://www.toonzone.net/news/articles/33286/nickelodeon-studios-staffing-up-for-new-avatar-the-last-airbender-project |title=Nickelodeon Studios Staffing Up for New "Avatar the Last Airbender" Project |access-date=2010-08-14 |archive-date=2012-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115034400/http://www.toonzone.net/news/articles/33286/nickelodeon-studios-staffing-up-for-new-avatar-the-last-airbender-project |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://youbentmywookie.com/entertainment/rumors-of-new-avatar-the-last-airbender-animated-series-confirmed-9311 Rumors Of New ‘Avatar: The Last Airbender’ Animated Series Confirmed]</ref><ref>[http://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/?s=Avatar%3A+The+Legend+of+Korra Blogs.wsj.com = About the ''Avatar: The Legend of Korra'']</ref> The show, tentatively titled ''[[Avatar: The Legend of Korra]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100721/ap_en_tv/us_tv_legend_of_korra |title=Yahoonews = Nickelodeon sets 'Last Airbender' spinoff for 2011 |access-date=2017-08-30 |archive-date=2010-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724115919/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100721/ap_en_tv/us_tv_legend_of_korra |url-status=dead }}</ref> will be a twelve-episode [[Miniseries|mini series]] that takes place in the same [[fictional universe|universe]],<ref name=date /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.toonzone.net/news/articles/34609/sdcc2010--batman-under-the-red-hood-roundtables-pt-2-timm-greenwood-amp-romano |title=Animation News Discussion Cartoon Community - toonzone news |publisher=Toonzone.net |access-date=2010-08-03 |archive-date=2012-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017045138/http://www.toonzone.net/news/articles/34609/sdcc2010--batman-under-the-red-hood-roundtables-pt-2-timm-greenwood-amp-romano/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> 70 years after the [[Sozin's Comet: The Final Battle|defeat]] of [[Ozai|Fire Lord Ozai]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dongbufeng.net/site1/content/view/1108/188/ |title=New Avatar Series by Mike and Bryan Confirmed |access-date=2010-08-14 |archive-date=2010-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822072133/http://www.dongbufeng.net/site1/content/view/1108/188 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The development period and release dates were announced at the annual [[San Diego Comic-Con International|Comic-Con]] in [[San Diego]] on 22 July 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ugo.com/tv/avatar-legend-of-korra-details-at-comic-con |title=Avatar: Legend of Korra Details at Comic-Con? |access-date=2010-08-14 |archive-date=2010-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100711004724/http://www.ugo.com/tv/avatar-legend-of-korra-details-at-comic-con |url-status=dead }}</ref> The series will focus on Korra, a teenage female protagonist and current incarnation of the Avatar, who, according to the president of [[Nickelodeon]], will be "hotheaded, independent, and ready to take on the world".<ref name=date /> She has already mastered the elements of Water, Earth, and Fire, but needs to master Air. The character was partly inspired by Avatar Kyoshi of the original series, whom the creators say was very popular among fans.<ref name="interview">{{cite web|last=John |first=Christopher |url=http://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2010/07/21/legend-of-korra-the-creators-of-avatar-the-last-airbender-on-the-new-spinoff/ |title='Legend of Korra': The 'Avatar' Creators on the New Spinoff&nbsp;— Speakeasy&nbsp;— WSJ |publisher=Blogs.wsj.com |date=2010-07-19 |access-date=2010-07-23}}</ref> In order to avoid repetition of Aang's adventures, the creators wanted to root the show in one place, called Republic City.<ref name=interview /> A concept drawing of the city, released with the announcement of the series, shows the city's design as inspired by [[Shanghai]] in the 1920s and 1930s, [[Hong Kong]], [[Manhattan]], and [[Vancouver]].<ref name=interview /> In the show, Korra will have to learn Airbending from master Tenzin, son of [[Avatar]] [[Aang]] and [[Katara]],<ref name=interview /> and contend with an anti-bender revolution taking place in the city.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nickelodeon Greenlights New Series From the Creators of the Animated Television Hit Avatar: The Last Airbender |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/nickelodeon-greenlights-new-series-from-the-creators-of-the-animated-television-hit-avatar-the-last-airbender-98925659.html |date=2010-07-21 |access-date=2010-07-21}}</ref> While not targeting a different demographic than ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'',<ref name=interview /> Michael and Bryan have stated that the show won't cover more mature subject material necessarily, just different mature subjects, "It won't be another war, but a different sort of conflict."<ref name="plot">{{cite web |last=Fitzpatrick |first=Kevin |url=http://www.ugo.com/tv/comic-con-2010-legend-of-korra-interview |title=Comic-Con 2010: The Legend of Korra Interview |publisher=UGO.com |date=2010-07-26 |access-date=2010-08-03 |archive-date=2013-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524032316/http://www.ugo.com/tv/comic-con-2010-legend-of-korra-interview |url-status=dead }}</ref> The creators also explained that there would be some "cheesy teen romance" for the main character, Korra.<ref name=plot /> At the 2010 Comic-Con, it was revealed that the creators will continue to work with [[Joaquim Dos Santos]] and Ryuki Hung on the animation and design of the show.<ref name=plot /> The creators also confirmed that they will directly write all twelve episodes, explaining that as a mini-series, episode fillers will be omitted, allowing for a "really tight" and "cool" story.<ref name=plot /> In late July, [[Jeremy Zuckerman]], composer of the original series, was confirmed to be returning to score ''The Legend of Korra''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Patches |first=Matt |url=http://www.ugo.com/tv/comic-con-2010-avatar-airbender-composer-confirmed-for-legend-of-korra |title=Airbender Composer Zuckerman Confirmed for Legend of Korra |publisher=UGO.com |date=2010-07-22 |access-date=2010-08-03 |archive-date=2010-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726133521/http://www.ugo.com/tv/comic-con-2010-avatar-airbender-composer-confirmed-for-legend-of-korra |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Live action remake === {{main|Avatar: The Last Airbender (upcoming TV series)}} A [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (upcoming TV series)|live action remake]] is in the works for [[Netflix]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Petski|first=Denise|date=2021-08-12|title='Avatar: The Last Airbender': Netflix Live-Action Adaptation Sets Main Cast, Creative Team|url=https://deadline.com/2021/08/avatar-the-last-airbender-netflix-live-action-adaptation-cast-albert-kim-showrunner-dan-lin-rideback-1234813459/|access-date=2021-08-12|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812143114/https://deadline.com/2021/08/avatar-the-last-airbender-netflix-live-action-adaptation-cast-albert-kim-showrunner-dan-lin-rideback-1234813459/|url-status=live}}</ref> Production and filming began in [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]] on November 16, 2021. It ended on June 17, 2022.<ref name="Wrapped">{{Cite web|date=2022-06-28|title='Avatar: The Last Airbender' Season 1: Filming Wraps on Live-Action Series|url=https://collider.com/avatar-the-last-airbender-season-1-live-action-filming-wrap-netflix/|access-date=2022-06-29|website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629021757/https://collider.com/avatar-the-last-airbender-season-1-live-action-filming-wrap-netflix/|url-status=live}}</ref>\<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-18|title=Netflix's Avatar: The Last Airbender Reportedly Starts Filming In November|url=https://screenrant.com/avatar-last-airbender-netflix-show-filming-update-november/|access-date=2021-07-20|website=ScreenRant|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720030043/https://screenrant.com/avatar-last-airbender-netflix-show-filming-update-november/|url-status=live}}</ref>\<ref name="WorkingTitle">{{cite web |date=November 18, 2021 |title=Production Weekly – Issue 1273 – Thursday, November 18, 2021 / 114 Listings – 26 Pages |url=https://www.productionweekly.com/production-weekly-issue-1273-thursday-november-18-2021-114-listings-26-pages/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118170758/https://www.productionweekly.com/production-weekly-issue-1273-thursday-november-18-2021-114-listings-26-pages/ |archive-date=November 18, 2021 |access-date=November 18, 2021 |website=Production Weekly}}</ref> Stewart Whelan served as a cinematographer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stewart Whelan |url=https://www.murthaskouras.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Whelan-Stewart.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530134118/https://www.murthaskouras.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Whelan-Stewart.pdf |archive-date=May 30, 2022 |access-date=May 30, 2022 |agency=Murtha Skouras Agency}}</ref> ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category|Avatar: The Last Airbender}} {{wikiquote|Avatar: The Last Airbender}} * {{Official website|http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/}} * {{wikia|avatar|Avatar Wiki}} * {{imdb title | id=0417299 | title=Avatar: The Last Airbender}} {{Avatar: The Last Airbender}} [[Category:Avatar: The Last Airbender| ]] [[Category:American animated television series| ]] [[Category:Nickelodeon television series]] [[Category:Nicktoons]] [[category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:Peabody Award winners]] [[Category:American Emmy Award winners]] [[Category:English-language television programs]] [[Category:2005 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2008 television series endings]] 8gto9sz80okn3a19w6ycak7wwcudz5t 10368470 10368467 2025-07-02T23:24:58Z 2600:8805:D600:51C0:D125:A7D9:7C1A:266F 10368470 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = Avatar The Last Airbender logo.svg | genre = {{plainlist| * [[Animation]] * [[Action-adventure fiction|Action-adventure]] * [[Fantasy television|Fantasy]] * [[Comedy drama]] }} | creator = {{plainlist| * [[Michael Dante DiMartino]] * [[Bryan Konietzko]] }} | voices = {{plainlist| * [[Zach Tyler Eisen]] * [[Mae Whitman]] * [[Jack DeSena]] * [[Dante Basco]] * Jessie Flower * [[Dee Bradley Baker]] * [[Mako Iwamatsu|Mako]] * [[Greg Baldwin]] * [[Grey DeLisle]] * [[Mark Hamill]] }} | composer = {{plainlist| * [[Jeremy Zuckerman]] * [[Benjamin Wynn]] }} | country = United States | language = English | num_seasons = 3 | num_episodes = 61 | list_episodes = List of Avatar: The Last Airbender episodes | executive_producer = {{plainlist| * [[Michael Hirsh (producer)|Michael Hirsh]] * Michael Dante DiMartino * Piratck Loubert *Cilve A Simth * Bryan Konietzko * [[Aaron Ehasz]] (co-executive) }} * Scott Dyer | animator = JM Animation (32 episodes){{efn|JM Animation animated episodes #1–2, 4, 6, 9–10, all even numbered from 12–24, 26–27, all even numbered from 30–54, 57–58 and 60–61.}}<br />[[DR Movie]] (19 episodes){{efn|DR Movie animated episodes #3, 5, 7–8, all odd numbered from 11–25, 28–29 and all odd numbered from 31–39.}}<br />Moi Animation (10 episodes){{efn|Moi Animation animated all odd numbered episodes from #41–53, 55–56 and 59.}} | runtime = 23 minutes<!-- On average --> | company = [[Nelvana]]<br />[[Wang Film Productions| Shzou Hong Ying Animation]] (S4) | channel = [[Nickelodeon]] (United States)<br />[[TVOKids]]/[[Knowledge Kids]]/[[Saskatchewan Communications Network|SCN]]/[[CTV 2 Alberta|Access,]] (Canada) | first_aired = {{start date|2005|2|21}} | last_aired = {{end date|2008|7|19}} }} '''''Avatar Legends: The Last Airbender''''',<ref>{{blist|{{cite web |last1=Ramos |first1=Dino-Ray |title='The Dragon Prince': Netflix Sets New Animated Series From 'Avatar: The Last Airbender' Writer |url=https://deadline.com/2018/07/the-dragon-prince-netflix-aaron-ehasz-justin-richmond-avatar-the-last-airbender-comic-con-1202424331/ |website=Deadline |access-date=March 17, 2022 |date=July 11, 2018}}|{{cite web |last1=Sava |first1=Oliver |title=The new team behind the Avatar comic opens up in this exclusive preview |url=https://www.avclub.com/the-new-team-behind-the-avatar-comic-opens-up-in-this-e-1831176834 |website=The A.V. Club |access-date=March 17, 2022 |date=December 18, 2018}}|{{cite magazine |last1=Yang |first1=Rachel |title='Avatar: The Last Airbender' co-creator says 'there's so much I would fix' about show |url=https://ew.com/tv/avatar-last-airbender-creator-fix-series/ |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=March 17, 2022 |language=en |date=July 1, 2021}}}}</ref> also known as '''''Avatar Legends: The Legend of Aang''''' or simply '''''Avatar: The Last Airbender''''', '''''Avatar: The Legend of Aang''''', '''''Avatar Legends''''' or '''''Avatar''''', is an American [[Anime|anime-influenced animated]] [[television series]]. The series was created by [[Michael Dante DiMartino]] and [[Bryan Konietzko]]. It was [[Producer|produced]] by [[Nelvana Limited]]. The series was on [[Nickelodeon]] for three [[Season (television)|seasons]]. The [[Television pilot|pilot episode]], ''The Boy in the Iceberg,'' was first [[Broadcasting|broadcast]] on February 21, 2005. The last episode, ''[[Sozin's Comet: The Final Battle|Sozin's Comet]],'' was broadcast on July 19, 2008. The program is about a world where people can control, or "bend," one of the four [[Element|elements]]—[[water]], [[ground|earth]], [[fire]], or [[air]]. The [[Protagonist|main character]] is [[Aang]]. He is the "Avatar". This means he can bend all four elements. In the series, Aang and his friends [[Katara]], [[Sokka]], and later [[Toph Beifong]] must save the world by defeating Fire Lord Ozai. Ozai is the ruler of the Fire Nation. Aang and his friends want to end a war between the Fire Nation and the other nations. The war has lasted for one hundred years. At the same time, [[Zuko]] tries to capture Aang and defeat him. Zuko used to be the prince of the Fire Nation. The series is based on different parts of [[Asia|Asian]] [[culture]]. The Fire Nation reflects imperial Japan. The Earth Kingdom has many similarities to Chinese culture. The Air Nomads represent Tibetan culture. The Water Tribe matches the Inuk nation and Inuit people. The moves that the characters make when they bend are based on different styles of [[martial arts]]. These include [[Kung-fu|kung fu]] and [[Tai chi chuan|tai chi]]. The art style of the series is similar to the style of [[Anime|Japanese anime]]. ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' received high [[rating]]s when it was broadcast. Its highest rating was 5.6 million people. The series was made for young viewers. Even people who were not 6 to 11 watched and liked it.<ref name="DemographicandPlot">{{cite web|date=2007-01-09|title=Element of Shyamalan in "Airbender"|url=http://www.mnightfans.com/element-of-shyamalan-in-airbender/|access-date=2008-05-03|work=The Hollywood Reporter|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=TVGuide |date=2006-12-28 |title=In Brief: Avatar's Big Finish |page=12}}</ref> Critics also like the show. They think its characters, art, music, and writing are all very good. In addition, ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' talks about difficult things that children's shows do not talk about often. These include [[war]], [[genocide]], [[imperialism]], and [[free will]]. The show has won many awards. It has won five [[Annie Awards]], a [[Genesis Awards|Genesis Award]], a [[Primetime Emmy Awards|Primetime Emmy Award]], a [[Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards|Kids' Choice Award]], and a [[Peabody Award]]. Many people think ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' is one of the best animated series of all time.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Avatar: The Last Airbender' Is Still One of the Greatest Shows of All Time|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/5943jz/avatar-the-last-airbender-is-still-one-of-the-greatest-shows-of-all-time|access-date=2021-10-14|website=www.vice.com|language=en}}</ref> There is a franchise of things related to ''Avatar: The Last Airbender''. One of these is an animated sequel series, ''[[The Legend of Korra]],'' that tells what happens 70 years after the events of the first show''. The Legend of Korra'' premiered in 2012 and ended in 2014.<ref>{{cite news|date=21 July 2010|title=Nickelodeon sets 'Last Airbender' spinoff for 2011|agency=Associated Press|url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100721/ap_en_ot/us_tv_legend_of_korra|url-status=dead|access-date=30 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724085414/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100721/ap_en_ot/us_tv_legend_of_korra|archive-date=24 July 2010}}</ref> There are also [[Avatar: The Last Airbender - The Rise of Kyoshi|two prequel novels]], a [[The Last Airbender|live-action film]], and [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (comics)|a series of comics]], which are still being made. In July 2018, the complete series was released on [[Blu-ray Disc|Blu-ray]]. This was to celebrate the ten-year anniversary of the ending of the show. The show was released on [[Netflix]] in the United States and Canada in May 2020. It was also released on [[Paramount+]] in June 2020 and on [[Amazon Prime Video]] in January 2021. A [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (upcoming TV series)|live action version]] recently premiered on February 22, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Avatar: The Last Airbender: Premiere Date, Trailer, Cast & More|url=https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/article/avatar-the-last-airbender-premiere-date-trailer-cast-more/|access-date=2025-04-08|website=editorial.rottentomatoes.com|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Episodes== {{Main|List of Avatar: The Last Airbender episodes}} ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' takes place in a world that is home to humans, fantastic animals, and spirits. The world is divided into [[Avatar: The Last Airbender - The Nations|four nations]]: the Water Tribes, the Earth Kingdom, the Air Nomads, and the Fire Nation. Each nation bases its society on the element (water, earth, fire, or air) that is in its name. Some people who live in each nation have the power to magically control and use, or "bend," the element of that nation. Those people are called "benders". It should be noted that the element the bender can bend can't be magically created (except fire), but rather just modified and repurposed with the bending technique. Benders can use their powers of bending to fight. The way that the show portrays the fighting style from each nation is based on a [[Martial arts|martial art]] from real life. For instance, "waterbenders" (people who can magically control and use water) have a fighting style that is based on [[tai chi chuan]] from real life. Earthbending is mostly based on [[Hung Ga]] [[kung fu]]. Firebending is like [[Northern Shaolin (martial art)|Northern Shaolin]] kung fu. And Airbending is similar to [[baguazhang]].<ref name="avatar2 index.jhtml">{{cite web|url=http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/index.jhtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023195043/http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/index.jhtml|archive-date=2007-10-23 |title=Nickelodeon's Official Avatar: The Last Airbender Flash Site |access-date=2006-12-02 |publisher=Nick.com}}</ref> Each nation is also connected to a season: autumn for the Air Nomads, winter for the Water Tribe, spring for the Earth Kingdom and summer for the Fire Nation.<ref>{{cite episode|title=The Southern Air Temple |airdate=2005-02-25 |season=1 |number=3 |credits=Director: Lauren MacMullan; Writer: Michael Dante DiMartino |series=Avatar: The Last Airbender |network=Nickelodeon}}</ref> In the world that ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' shows, there is always only one person alive who can bend all four elements. That person is called the "Avatar." When one Avatar dies, he or she is [[Reincarnation|reincarnated]], or born again in another body. The Avatar's next body always belongs to the next nation in the Avatar Cycle. The cycle always goes in this order: water, earth, fire, air. Then it starts over again with water. The Avatar must learn how to bend the elements in the same order. He or she begins by learning how to bend the element of the country where they were born. Then he or she learns the next three elements in order. Usually, it is a challenge for the Avatar to learn how to bend the element that is the opposite of their first, or "native," element. For instance, the main character of the show, Aang, was born to Air Nomads, so air was the first element he learned to bend. The "opposite" element to air is earth, so for Aang, it was difficult to learn earthbending. This is because Earthbending focuses on steadiness and facing your opponent directly. This is different from airbending, which focuses on getting to your opponents in many different ways and changing your style quickly if it is necessary.<ref name="Bitter Work">{{cite episode|title=Bitter Work |airdate=2006-06-02 |season=2 |number=9 |credits=Director: Ethan Spaulding; Writer: Aaron Ehasz |series=Avatar: The Last Airbender |network=Nickelodeon}}</ref> One special power that the Avatar has is called the "Avatar State." When an Avatar goes into the Avatar State, he or she gains all of the knowledge and abilities that all of the past Avatars have had. The Avatar State is a [[defense mechanism]]. An Avatar goes into this state automatically. However, if he or she practices for a very long time, he or she can control when they go into the Avatar State and what they do while they are in it. <ref>{{cite episode|title=The Avatar State |airdate=2006-03-17 |season=2 |number=1 |credits=Director: Giancarlo Volpe; Writers: Aaron Ehasz, Elizabeth Welch Ehasz, Tim Hedrick, John O'Bryan |series=Avatar: The Last Airbender |network=Nickelodeon}}</ref> If an Avatar is killed in the Avatar State, then the Avatar Cycle will be broken. Then there will be no more Avatars.<ref>{{cite episode|title=The Library |airdate=2006-06-14 |season=2 |number=10 |credits=Director: Giancarlo Volpe; Writer: John O'Bryan |series=Avatar: The Last Airbender |network=Nickelodeon}}</ref> Through the years, there have been many Avatars. They keep all of the four nations peaceful.<ref name="avatar2/index.jhtml"/> Another special power that the Avatar has is being able to go into the [[Spirit World]]. He or she can link the physical world to the Spirit World. In this way, he or she can solve problems that regular benders cannot.<ref name="The Spirit World">{{cite episode|title=The Spirit World (Winter Solstice, Part 1) |airdate=2005-04-08 |season=1 |number=7 |credits=Director: Lauren MacMullan; Writer: Aaron Ehasz |series=Avatar: The Last Airbender |network=Nickelodeon}}</ref> ===Season One (Book One: Water)=== {{Main|Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 1)}} One hundred years before the story begins, a twelve-year-old Airbender named [[Aang]] learns that he is the new Avatar. He is not happy when he learns this, because he knows that being the Avatar is a big responsibility, and he does not think he is ready for it. He is also scared of having to leave his [[mentor]], Monk Gyatso, whom he loves very much. Aang flees from home on his animal guide, a flying bison named [[Appa]]. But they fly into a big storm and crash into the ocean, and Aang goes into the Avatar State and freezes himself and Appa inside an [[iceberg]]. They are frozen in a state of [[suspended animation]]—they cannot move, grow older, or die. While this is happening, the Fire Nation is beginning a war against the other three nations. Fire Lord Sozin, the leader of the Fire Nation, knows that the new Avatar is an Air Nomad (because of the Avatar Cycle's pattern), so he kills all of the Air Nomads in a [[genocide]]. This is because he wants to make sure that the Avatar, who is very powerful, will not be able to defeat the Fire Nation in the war. The Fire Nation army is able to kill all of the Air Nomads because a comet called "Sozin's Comet" made their bending much more powerful. But because the actual Avatar, Aang, is frozen in an iceberg, he is not killed. He is the only Airbender to survive the attack. For one hundred years, everybody in the world believes that the Avatar does not exist anymore. A hundred years later, [[Katara]] and [[Sokka]], two siblings who live in the Southern Water Tribe, free Aang and Appa from the iceberg. Katara is the only waterbender in her small tribe. She has taught herself how to bend. Her older brother, Sokka, cannot bend, but he is a warrior. Katara, Sokka, and Aang travel to the Northern Water Tribe so Aang and Katara can learn waterbending from a master. Aang does not know about the war or the genocide of the Air Nomads. While on their journey, they visit the Southern Air Temple, where Aang used to live. There, Aang discovers that the Fire Nation destroyed the Air Nomads. He also meets his Avatar guide, Avatar Roku, who is the Avatar who came before Aang. Roku tells Aang that he must learn to bend all four elements by the [[summer solstice]]. This is because Sozin's Comet will return on that day, and it will make the firebenders' bending very powerful. If Aang does not defeat the current Fire Lord, [[Ozai]], by the summer solstice, then the Fire Nation will take over the world and no one will be able to stop them anymore. While Katara, Sokka, and Aang travel to the Northern Water Tribe, they are constantly chased by Prince [[Zuko]]. Zuko is the son of the current Fire Lord, [[Ozai]], but Ozai [[Exile|banished]] him from the Fire Nation three years before the story starts. Zuko can only return to the Fire Nation and get back his [[honor]] if he captures the Avatar. He travels with his uncle [[Iroh]], nicknamed "Dragon of the West", a legendary Fire Nation general and the older brother of Ozai. Zuko and another Fire Nation military officer, Admiral Zhao, compete to capture the Avatar. At the end of the season, Admiral Zhao leads the Fire Nation navy in attacking the Northern Water Tribe. During the attack, Zhao also kills the Moon Spirit. But Aang and his friends help fight back against this attack, and Yue, the princess of the Northern Water Tribe, sacrifices herself (in other words, she decides to die) so she can become the new Moon Spirit. In the end, Aang and his friends win the battle. ===Season Two (Book Two: Earth)=== {{Main|Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 2)}} After leaving the North Pole, Aang continues to learn and master waterbending with Katara. Aang, Katara, and Sokka look for someone who can teach Aang how to earthbend. They soon meet [[Toph|Toph Bei Fong]], a young girl who is one of the best earthbenders in the world. She is [[Blindness|blind]], but knows how to "see" (or sense her surroundings) through earthbending and by feeling vibrations, or small shakes, in the earth. She teaches Aang to do the same. Meanwhile, Zuko and Iroh are now [[fugitives]] from the Fire Nation. They escape to Ba Sing Se, the capital city of the Earth Kingdom, where they try to start new lives. Zuko, with the help of his uncle, tries to accept the difficult events he has gone through in his life, and he learns to not be so focused on capturing the Avatar. Aang and his friends (who are sometimes called "Team Avatar") learn about a [[solar eclipse]] that will happen in the future. When the eclipse happens, all firebenders will lose their bending for a short time. So Team Avatar makes plans to [[Invasion|invade]] the Fire Nation on that day. This is when Aang plans to defeat Fire Lord Ozai. While Team Avatar travels to Ba Sing Se so they can tell the Earth King about the eclipse, Zuko's younger sister [[Azula]] and her two friends [[Mai]] and [[Ty Lee]] try to capture them. Finally, the three of them capture the Kyoshi Warriors (friends of Team Avatar) and pretend to be them, so that they can invade Ba Sing Se. Azula persuades an elite group of Earthbenders called the Dai Li to instigate a [[coup d'état]], allowing the Fire Nation to capture Ba Sing Se. At the end of the season, when Team Avatar is fighting against Azula and her allies, Zuko sides with Azula, who promises to restore his honor. When Aang enters the Avatar State, Azula shoots him with lightning. It hurts him very badly, and he almost dies. Katara brings Aang back to life with spirit water that she got from the North Pole in the previous season. But Aang's seventh chakra is blocked, and he cannot enter the Avatar State. ===Season Three (Book Three: Fire)=== {{Main|Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 3)}} {{see also|Sozin's Comet: The Final Battle}} Aang awakens to find the group disguised as Fire Nation soldiers heading West on a Fire Nation ship, while Zuko has been restored to his position as crown prince. Sokka has planned a small-scale invasion of the Fire Nation to capture the Fire Lord's palace and defeat Fire Lord Ozai, taking advantage of the solar eclipse. The invasion will be staged by a ragtag group of benders and warriors who Aang has helped along his journey. Initially the invasion proceeds as planned, but Aang fails to find the Fire Lord before the eclipse ends, because Azula knew about the invasion. The invasion ultimately fails, and only Aang and his closest friends are able to escape. Zuko, in a change of heart, decides to defy his father and join the Avatar. Zuko catches up with Aang at the Western Air Temple and offers to teach Aang Firebending. After some reluctance from Katara and Sokka, Team Avatar allows Zuko to join the group. In the series finale, Aang defeats Fire Lord Ozai by taking away his ability to firebend. With Ozai defeated, the war quickly ends. Zuko is crowned the new Fire Lord and, with the help of the Avatar and his friends, begins rebuilding the four nations. The series ends as Aang and Katara kiss in front of the sunset. ==Characters== {{Main|List of Avatar: The Last Airbender characters}}<ref name="Voice Actors">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=btGwaRRPnMg Avatar: Voice Actors - The voice actors talking about their characters]</ref> [[Aang]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046903/ |title=Imdb.com - Aang (character)(profil) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512035537/https://thesananews.com/quotes/uncle-iroh-inspirational-quotes/the |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/characters/aang.html Nickelodeon.com - Aang]</ref> ([[Zach Tyler Eisen]]<ref name="Voice Actors"/>) is a 12 year old. He is the most important character in the series. He was frozen in ice with his flying bison, Appa, for 100 years. He was found by a young Waterbender named Katara. Now he is the Avatar, the master of 4 different powers: water, earth, fire and air. Aang is a hero, but he doesn't want to be a hero. He is trying to make the world good again.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046903/bio |title=Imdb.com - Aang (bio) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227230829/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046903/bio |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Katara]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046906/ |title=Imbd.com - Katara (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711103637/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046906/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/characters/katara.html Nickelodeon.com - Katara]</ref> ([[Mae Whitman]]<ref name="Voice Actors"/>) is 14 years old. She is a Waterbender. This means she can move water by moving her body. She is in the Southern Water Tribe. Katara has a brother. His name is Sokka. They find Aang in a big ball of ice. He had been frozen for 100 years. Katara and Sokka go with Aang on an adventure to kill the evil Lord. His is called Fire Lord Ozai. She is his first teacher for water.Katara can do bloodbending. This means she can move peoples' bodies by "bending" their blood. She does not like to do this. [[Sokka]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0053811/ |title=Imbd.com - Sokka (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211152645/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0053811/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/characters/sokka.html Nickelodeon.com - Sokka]</ref> ([[Jack DeSena]]<ref name="Voice Actors"/>) is 15 years old. He is a warrior. He is also Katara's brother. He lives in the Southern Water Tribe. He goes with Aang on his adventure to kill the evil Fire Lord. He is very funny, so he says he is "meat-loving" and "[[sarcasm|sarcastic]]".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0053811/bio |title=Imbd.com - Sokka (bio) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227234704/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0053811/bio |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sokka is different from his friends. He cannot "bend" anything, he is a fighter and a thinker. He has lots of good ideas and weapons. He has a [[boomerang]] and a [[sword]] he made from a [[meteorite]]. [[Michael Dante DiMartino]], who made the TV show, said that Sokka could have been a Waterbender, but he never learned how to do it. [[Toph]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046908/ |title=Imdb.com - Toph (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2016-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222180242/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046908/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/characters/toph.html Nickelodeon.com - Toph]</ref> ([[Jessie Flower]]<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DtCsrnQ1Wl4 Michael Dante DiMartino, Bryan Konietzko and Jessie Flower are talking about Toph]</ref>) is 12 years old. She is blind. She is an Earthbender. Her family is rich, but she doesn't like money. She is very strong and she likes to fight.{{efn|We see her the first time in Season 2[[Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 2)|second season]] - ''Blind Bandit''}} When she meets Aang and his friends she thinks they are strange. She wants to help them, so she goes with them on their adventure. She is Aang's teacher for Earthbending. She is blind, but she can still see things. Toph "sees" with her feet. She feels the earth move a little bit. Then she knows what is happening. Toph is the most powerful Earthbender ever.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046908/bio |title=Imdb.com - Toph Bei Fong (bio) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2012-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113225739/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046908/bio |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Zuko]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0029576/ |title=Imdb.com - Zuko (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214093431/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0029576/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/characters/zuko.html Nickelodeon.com - Zuko]</ref> ([[Dante Basco]]<ref name="Voice Actors"/>) is 16 years old. He is the son of the evil Fire Lord, so he is a prince. In Season 1 he is the most important bad guy. Zuko's life was hard. Something happened and now his father doesn't like him.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0029576/bio |title=Imdb.com - Zuko (bio) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227180119/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0029576/bio |url-status=dead }}</ref> Zuko wants to catch the Avatar because his father banished him until he can capture and bring the Avatar as a prisoner to the Fire Lord. Zuko does not like himself, he is angry, and his family is crazy. In the show Zuko learns how to be nice. He wears a blue mask to hide himself and then he saves people. In season three, he leaves the Fire Lord. He goes to Aang and becomes his friend. He becomes a Firebending teacher for Aang. At the end, he is the new Fire Lord. [[Azula]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046913/ |title=Imbd.com - Azula (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130183151/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046913/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/characters/azula.html Nickelodeon.com - Azula]</ref> ([[Grey DeLisle]]) is a bad princess. She is a Firebender. She is Zuko's younger sister. She is an important bad guy in the show. Azula is very good at Firebending. It is easy for her to do it. She can make lightning. She is very mean to her friends [[Mai]] and [[Ty Lee]]. She uses fire to scare them. The Fire Lord likes her more than Zuko.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046913/bio |title=Imdb.com - Azula (bio) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2016-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417072039/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046913/bio |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ltk3DvwHkDQ Michael Dante DiMartino, Bryan Konietzko and Grey DeLisle talking about Azula]</ref> [[Iroh]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046909/ |title=Imbd.com - Iroh (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731071837/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046909/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/characters/iroh.html Nickelodeon.com - Iroh]</ref> ([[Mako Iwamatsu|Mako]] in season one and two, [[Greg Baldwin]] in season three{{efn|Because of Mako's death}}) used to be a general for the Fire Lord. He can make fire in his nose and mouth, so they call him the Dragon of the West. He is Prince Zuko's uncle and teacher. The Fire lord is Iroh's brother. Iroh is older than the Fire Lord. He should be the Lord, but the Fire Lord lied, so that he could be the Lord.<ref>{{cite episode|title=Zuko Alone |series=Avatar: The Last Airbender |network=Nickelodeon |airdate=2006-05-12 |season=2 |number=7}}</ref> People think Iroh is nice, kind, and happy. He does silly things so people think he is not strong or smart. But Iroh is very smart and strong. Iroh has a secret group of friends. They are strong and good at fighting. The friends are called The Order of the White Lotus. In the last episode they fight the Fire Nation. They win and the world becomes a good place. Iroh is special because he learned how to do Firebending from [[Dragon]]s. === Other characters === {|class="wikitable" |- !Name!!Voiced by!!Description |- |Appa<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046907/ |title=Imdb.com - Appa (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2016-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228181115/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046907/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046907/bio |title=Imdb.com - Appa (bio) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2010-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601032332/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046907/bio |url-status=dead }}</ref> |[[Dee Bradley Baker]] |Aang's flying bison |- |Momo<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0051506/ |title=Imdb.com - Momo (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2016-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308125938/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0051506/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |[[Dee Bradley Baker]] |Aang's lemur |- |Mai<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046914/ |title=Imdb.com - Mai (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202192146/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046914/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046914/bio |title=Imdb.com - Mai (bio) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201115154/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046914/bio |url-status=dead }}</ref> |[[Cricket Leigh]] |Zuko's girlfriend |- |Ty Lee<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046912/ |title=Imdb.com - Ty Lee (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2016-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813010604/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046912/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046912/bio Imbd.com - Ty Lee (bio)]{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |[[Olivia Hack]] |Mai's friend |- |Suki<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0126572/ |title=Imdb.com - Suki (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202124148/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0126572/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0126572/bio |title=Imdb.com - Suki (bio) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2010-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124142609/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0126572/bio |url-status=dead }}</ref> |[[Jennie Kwan]] |Sokka's girlfriend, the leader of the Kyoshi Warriors |- |Hakoda<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0079685/ |title=Imdb.com - Hakoda (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2011-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126205800/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0079685/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0079685/bio Imdb.com - Hakoda (bio)]{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |[[André Sogliuzzo]] |Sokka and Katara's father, the chief of the Southern Water Tribe |} ==Production== [[File:Mike Dante DiMartino.JPG|thumb|Michael DiMartino, one of the co-creators of the show, at the 2008 [[New York Comic Con]].]] ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' was co-created and produced by [[Michael Dante DiMartino]] and [[Bryan Konietzko]] at Nelvana Limited in [[Toronto|Tortnto Onartio, Canada]]. Animation work was done by the Korean animation studio [[DR Movie]]. According to Bryan Konietzko, the program was conceived in the spring of 2001 when he took an old sketch of a balding, middle-aged man and re-imagined the character as a child.<ref name="NickMagInterview1">{{cite journal|last=DiMartino|first=Michael Dante|author2=Konietzko, Bryan|year=2006|title=In Their Elements|journal=Nickelodeon Magazine|issue=Winter 2006|page=6}}</ref> Konietzko drew the character herding bison in the sky, and showed the sketch to Mike DiMartino. At the time, DiMartino was studying a documentary about explorers trapped in the [[South Pole]]. Konietzko described their early development of the concept: {{cquote|We thought, "There's an air guy along with these water people trapped in a snowy wasteland... and maybe some fire people are pressing down on them..."|Bryan Konietzko<ref name="NickMagInterview1"/>}}The co-creators successfully pitched the idea to Nickelodeon [[VP]] and [[executive producer]] Eric Coleman just two weeks later.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mag.awn.com/index.php?ltype=pageone&article_no=3428 |title=It's Elementary -- Avatar: The Last Airbender |last=Clark |first=Craig J. |date=2007-10-17 |publisher=Animation World Magazine, Inc. |access-date=2008-05-03 |archive-date=2012-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813045036/http://www.awn.com/articles/production/its-elementary-iavatar-last-airbenderi |url-status=dead }}</ref> The show was first revealed to the public in a teaser reel at [[San Diego Comic-Con International|Comic-Con]] 2004,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nick.com/all_nick/tv_supersites/video.jhtml?show_id=ava&clip=16 |title=Avatar: The Last Airbender Sneak Peak |access-date=2006-12-10 |publisher=Nickelodeon}}</ref> and started show the episodes from 21 February 2005. In the United States, first two episodes of the series were shown together in a one-hour premiere event. A second twenty-episode season ran from 17 March 2006 through 1 December.<ref name="secondseason">{{cite web|author=Carlsbad|date=2006-01-24|title=Article on Launch of Avatar Card Game|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/01-24-2006/0004266998&EDATE=|access-date=2006-12-03|publisher=PR Newswire}}</ref> A third and final season, beginning September 21, 2007, featured twenty-one episodes rather than the usual twenty.<ref name="as_S3airdate">A third season consisting of twenty-one episodes began airing on September 21, 2007</ref> The final four episodes were packaged as a two-hour movie. ===Cultural influences=== ''Avatar'' is notable for borrowing extensively from [[Art of East Asia|Asian art]] and mythology to create its [[universe]]. The show's character designs are heavily influenced by [[anime]] as well as [[China|Chinese]] [[art]] and [[History of China|history]], [[Hinduism]], [[Taoism]], [[Buddhism]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nicksplat.com/Whatsup/200510/12000135.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071217111256/http://www.nicksplat.com/Whatsup/200510/12000135.html |archive-date=2007-12-17 |title=Interview With The Creators |access-date=2006-12-02 |date=2005-10-12 |publisher=NickSplat.com}}</ref> and [[Yoga]].<ref name="nytimes">{{cite news|author=Mark Lasswell|date=2005-08-25|title=Kung Fu Fightin' Anime Stars, Bo|work=New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/28/arts/television/28lass.html?ei=5090&en=2d9845c5b0133bb9&ex=1282881600&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss&pagewanted=all|access-date=2006-12-02}}</ref> Traditional [[East Asian calligraphy]] styles are used for nearly all the writing in the show. For each instance of calligraphy, an appropriate style is used, ranging from [[seal script]] (more archaic) to [[clerical script]].<ref name="calligraphy.html">{{cite web |url=http://www.musogato.com/avatar/calligraphy.html |title=Calligraphy Writing In Avatar |access-date=2006-12-02 |author=KTChong |publisher=Distant Horizon |archive-date=2007-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070108101432/http://www.musogato.com/avatar/calligraphy.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The show employed a cultural consultant, Edwin Zane, and calligrapher Siu-Leung Lee as consultants for the show's cultural influences.<ref name="nytimes"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://movies.nytimes.com/person/537590/Edwin-Zane/movieography |title=Edwin Zane&nbsp;— Movieography |access-date=2009-02-14 |work=New York Times}}</ref> The choreographed martial art bending moves were profoundly affected by Asian cinema.<ref name="NickMagInterview1"/> In an interview, Bryan revealed that, "Mike and I were really interested in other epic 'Legends & Lore' properties, like [[Harry Potter]] and ''[[The Lord of the Rings|Lord of the Rings]]'', but we knew that we wanted to take a different approach to that type of genre. Our love for Japanese anime, Hong Kong action and [[kung fu]] cinema, yoga, and Eastern philosophies led us to the initial inspiration for ''Avatar''."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tv.ign.com/articles/818/818284p1.html |title=IGN: Interview: Avatar's Bryan Konietzko and Michael Dante DiMartino |access-date=2007-09-24 |date=2007-09-06 |publisher=IGN}}</ref> All music and sound used in the series was done by [[Jeremy Zuckerman]] and Benjamin Wynn, who form "The Track Team". They made use of a wide range of different instruments (such as the [[guzheng]], [[pipa]] and [[duduk]]) to compose a background music that fits into the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soundtrack.net/features/article/?id=252 |title=Interview with The Track Team |access-date=2009-08-20 |publisher=[[SoundtrackNet]]}}</ref> ===Avatar=== The term "[[Avatar]]" comes from the language of [[Sanskrit]], one of the most ancient languages of [[India]]. The word ''Avatāra'', ([[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]]: {{lang|sa|अवतार}}), which means "descent"; its roots are ''ava'' means "down," and ''tri'' means "to pass." In the Hindu scriptures, ''avatara'' signifies the descent of Divinity into flesh. One who attains union with Spirit and then returns to earth to help humanity is called an avatar. The [[Chinese character]]s that appear at the top of the show's title card mean "the divine medium who has descended upon the mortal world."<ref name="calligraphy.html"/> When [[Aang]] was young, he unknowingly revealed that he was the Avatar when he chose four toys out of thousands, each of which were the childhood toys of the previous Avatars. In [[Tibetan Buddhism]], there is a similar test for reincarnations of a [[Tulku]] [[Lama]]. In ''Magic and Mystery in Tibet'', [[Alexandra David-Néel|Alexandra David-Neel]] writes that "a number of objects such as [[rosary|rosaries]], ritualistic implements, books, tea-cups, etc., are placed together, and the child must pick out those which belonged to the late ''tulku'', thus showing that he recognizes the things which were ''theirs'' in their previous life."<ref>{{cite book| last = David-Neel| first = Alexandra| title = Magic and Mystery in Tibet| url = https://archive.org/details/magicmysteryinti0000davi| year = 1971| publisher = Courier Corporation| isbn = 978-0-486-22682-8| page = [https://archive.org/details/magicmysteryinti0000davi/page/124 124] }}</ref> Each successor is expected to show signs of continuity with the previous Avatar, such as being born within a week of the death. ===Elements and fighting styles=== <!-- Do not mention any specific classical ideology as the influential source unless you have verifiable proof. No "missing fifth element."--> ''Avatar'' draws on the four [[classical element]]s common to many [[Philosophy|ancient philosophies]] for its bending arts: [[Water]], [[Earth]], [[Fire]] and [[Air]]. Although each has its own variation, most ancient philosophies incorporate these four elements in some way. Examples include the classical [[Tattva|Hindu]], [[Mahābhūta|Buddhist]], and [[Classical elements#Classical elements in Greece|Greek]] elemental traditions. In the show’s opening, each element is accompanied by two Chinese characters: an ancient Chinese [[seal script]] character on the left representing the element being shown and a modern Chinese character on the right describing some feature of the element. The character 水 ([[pinyin]]: ''shui''), which stands for water, is shown with 善 (pinyin: ''shan''), which means benevolence and adaptivity. The character 土 ([[pinyin]]: ''tu''), which stands for earth, is shown with 強 (pinyin: ''qiang''), which means for strength and stability. The character 火 ([[pinyin]]: ''huo''), which stands for fire, is shown with 烈 (pinyin: ''lie''), which means intensity and passion. Finally, the character 气 ([[pinyin]]: ''qi''), which stands for air, is shown with 和 (pinyin: ''he''), which means peace and harmony.<ref name="cally">{{cite web |url=http://www.musogato.com/avatar/calligraphy.html |title=Distant Horizon: Avatar Calligraphy |access-date=2006-12-09 |archive-date=2007-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070108101432/http://www.musogato.com/avatar/calligraphy.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <!-- Please do not mention the 4 Classical Chinese Elements. We KNOW, they're different. Several other philosophies are too. None of them, and neither the Chinese elements, are used in the show, so mentioning any of them is of NO importance. Except to provide relevant information and greater understanding of Chinese culture.--> In addition to the use of four classical elements in the series, the fighting styles associated with each element are all taken from different styles of [[Chinese martial arts]]. The series employed Sifu Kisu of the Harmonious Fist Chinese Athletic Association as a martial arts consultant.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.harmoniousfist.com/ |title=The National Shaolin Information Resource |access-date=2006-12-02 |publisher=The Harmonious Fist Chinese Athletic Association |archive-date=2006-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061205044333/http://harmoniousfist.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Each fighting style was chosen to represent the element it projected. [[Tai chi chuan|Tai Chi]] was used for "Waterbending" in the series, and it focuses on alignment, body structure, breath, and visualization. [[Hung Ga]]r was used for "Earthbending" in the series, and was chosen for its firmly rooted stances and powerful strikes to present the solid nature of earth. [[Northern Shaolin (martial art)|Northern Shaolin]], which uses strong arm and leg movements was used for "Firebending". And [[Baguazhang|Ba Gua]], which uses dynamic circular movements and quick directional changes, was used for "Airbending".<ref name="avatar2/index.jhtml">{{cite web|url=http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/index.jhtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023195043/http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/index.jhtml|archive-date=October 23, 2007 |title=Nickelodeon's Official Avatar: The Last Airbender Flash Site |publisher=Nick.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pa-kua.com/fyi27/fyib27.htm |title=Advanced Circle Walking: Training to Fight |last=Miller |first=Dan |year=1994 |work=Pa Kua Chang Journal |publisher=The Ba Gua Zhang (Pa Kua Chang) Website of Sifu Park Bok-Nam |access-date=2008-05-07 |archive-date=2008-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509142612/http://www.pa-kua.com/fyi27/fyib27.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shenwu.com/bagua.htm |title=An Introduction to Ba Gua Zhang |last=Cartmell |first=Tim |publisher=Shen Wu Martial Arts |access-date=2008-05-07}}</ref> The only exception to these styles is [[Toph]], who can be seen practicing a [[Southern Praying Mantis (martial art)#Chu Gar|Chu Gar Southern Praying Mantis]] style.<ref name="con">{{cite web |url=http://flaming-june.org/videos/Audience%20Question%20&%20Answer%20Pt.%202.wmv |title=Audience Questions and Answer Part 2 at the San Diego Comi-con 2006 |publisher=Flaming June |access-date=2008-05-07 |archive-date=2008-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080414152845/http://flaming-june.org/videos/Audience%20Question%20%26%20Answer%20Pt.%202.wmv |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Awards== ===Nielsen ratings=== When the show first was shown it was rated the best animated television series in its demographic;<ref name="animation">{{cite web |url=http://www.animationinsider.net/article.php?articleID=1066 |title=Avatar: Season 3 |access-date=2006-12-16 |date=2006-06-30 |last=Bynum |first=Aaron H. |publisher=Animation Insider |archive-date=2012-11-05 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BwcCJWfD?url=http://www.animationinsider.net/article.php?articleID=1066 |url-status=dead }}</ref> new episodes averaged 3.1&nbsp;million viewers each.<ref name="animation"/> A one-hour special showing of "The Secret of the Fire Nation" which was shown on 15 September 2006, consisting of "The Serpent's Pass" and "The Drill", gathered an audience of 5.1&nbsp;million viewers. According to the [[Nielsen Media Research]], the special was the best performing cable television show airing in that week.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.animationinsider.net/article.php?articleID=1153 |title=Secret of the Fire Nation Ratings |access-date=2006-12-16 |date=2006-09-20 |last=Bynum |first=Aaron H. |publisher=Animation Insider |archive-date=2012-11-05 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BwcCptV0?url=http://www.animationinsider.net/article.php?articleID=1153 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2007, ''Avatar'' was syndicated to more than 105&nbsp;countries worldwide, and was one of Nickelodeon's top rated programs. The series was ranked first on Nickelodeon in [[Germany]], [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Belgium]], and [[Colombia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.viacom.com/NEWS/NewsText.aspx?RID=1077954 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080105074603/http://www.viacom.com/NEWS/NewsText.aspx?RID=1077954 |archive-date=2008-01-05 |title=Aang Is Ready to Strike Down the Fire Nation on the Darkest Day of the Year in Avatar's "Day of Black Sun" Premiering Friday, Nov. 30 on Nickelodeon |publisher=Viaco |date=2007-11-14 |access-date=2008-05-06}}</ref> The series finale, ''[[Sozin's Comet: The Final Battle]]'', received the highest ratings of the series. Its 19 July 2008 premiere averaged 5.6 million viewers, 95% more viewers than Nickelodeon had received in mid-July 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newsblaze.com/entertainment/features/nickelodeons-avatar-the-last-airbender-hits-all-time-series-high_62095/ |title=Nickelodeon's Avatar: The Last Airbender Hits All-Time Series High |publisher=News Blaze |date=2008-07-22 |access-date=2009-03-13}}</ref> During the week of 14 July, it ranked as the most-viewed program for the under-14 demographic.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/avatar-the-last-airbender/nineteen-million-tuned-in-for-21563.aspx |title=19 Million Tuned in for Special "Avatar" Week |last=Diaz |first=Glenn L. |date=29 July 2008 |publisher=Buddytv.com |access-date=2008-11-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.animationinsider.net/article.php?articleID=1794 |title=Nick's "AVATAR" Animation Series Finale Scores Big Ratings |publisher=Animationinsider.net |last=Luna |first=Kyle |access-date=2008-11-30 |archive-date=2009-03-18 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.animationinsider.net%2Farticle.php%3FarticleID%3D1794&date=2009-03-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Sozin's Comet'' also appeared on [[iTunes]]' top ten list of best-selling television episodes during that same week.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ax.itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/browserRedirect?url=itms%253A%252F%252Fax.itunes.apple.com%252FWebObjects%252FMZStore.woa%252Fwa%252FviewTVSeason%253Fi%253D285923116%2526id%253D264270811%2526s%253D143441%2526v0%253DWWW-NAUS-ITUHOME-TOPTV |title=iTunes&nbsp;— Sozin's Comet |work=[[Apple Inc.]] |access-date=2008-07-24}}</ref> ''Sozin's Comet''{{'}}s popularity affected online media as well; "Rise of the Phoenix King", a [[Nick.com]] online game based on ''Sozin's Comet'', generated almost 815,000 game plays within three days.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/article/8636 |title=Nick's Avatar Hits Ratings High |last=Ball |first=Ryan |publisher=[[Animation Magazine]] |date=2008-07-23 |access-date=2008-07-24}}</ref> ===Other awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#75b5f6;" ! Awards/Category ! Result |- | colspan="3" style="background:#f2d5a6;"| '''2005 Pulcinella Awards:'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/article.php?article_id=3902 |title=Cartoons on the Bay Picks Winners |date=2005-05-03 |first=Ryan |last=Ball |access-date=2007-12-08 |publisher=Animation Insider}}</ref> |- | Best Action/Adventure TV Series | {{won}} |- | Best TV Series | {{won}} |- | colspan="3" style="background:#f2d5a6;"| '''[[33rd Annie Awards]]:'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://annieawards.org/33rdwinners.html |title=Annie Awards: Legacy - 33rd Annual Annie Awards |date=2005-02-09 |publisher=International Animated Movie Society |access-date=2008-04-26}}</ref> |- | Best Animated Television Production | {{Nom}} |- | Storyboarding in an Animated Television Production (for the 16th episode of [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 1)|first season]] ''The Deserter'') | {{won}} |- | Writing for an Animated Television Production (for the 14th episode of first season ''The Fortuneteller'') | {{Nom}} |- | colspan="3" style="background:#f2d5a6;"| '''[[34th Annie Awards]]:'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://annieawards.org/34thwinners.html |title=Annie Awards: Legacy - 34th Annual Annie Awards |date=2006-02-09 |publisher=International Animated Movie Society |access-date=2008-04-26}}</ref> |- | Character Animation in a Television Production (for the 6th episode of second season ''The Blind Bandit'') | {{won}} |- | Directing in an Animated Television Production (for the 13th episode of second season ''The Drill'') | {{won}} |- | colspan="3" style="background:#f2d5a6;"| '''[[36th Annie Awards]]:'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://annieawards.org/foryourconsideration.html |title=2008 Annie Awards: For Your Consideration |publisher=[[Annie Awards]] |access-date=2008-12-02}}</ref> |- | Best Animated Television Production for Children | {{won}} |- | Directing in an Animated Television Production ([[Joaquim Dos Santos]] for the 20th episode of the [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 3)|thirt season]] ''[[Sozin's Comet: The Final Battle|Into the Inferno]]'') | {{won}} |- | colspan="3" style="background:#f2d5a6;"| '''2007 [[Genesis Awards]]:''' |- | Outstanding Children's Programming (for the 16th episode of [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 2)|second season]] ''Appa's Lost Days'') | {{won}} |- | colspan="3" style="background:#f2d5a6;"| '''[[Primetime Emmy Awards]]:''' |- | Outstanding Animated Program (for the 14th episode of second season ''City of Walls and Secrets'') | {{Nom}} |- | Individual Achievement Award (Sang-Jin Kim for the 17th episode of second season ''Lake Laogai'') | {{won}} |- | colspan="3" style="background:#f2d5a6;"| '''[[Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards|Nickelodeon Kid's Choice Awards]] 2008:''' |- | Favorite Cartoon<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bumpshack.com/2008/03/29/2008-nickelodeon-kids-choice-awards-winners/ |title=2008 Nickelodeon "Kids Choice Awards" Winners |date=2008-03-29 |publisher=BumpShack |access-date=2008-05-07 |archive-date=2008-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080504093735/http://bumpshack.com/2008/03/29/2008-nickelodeon-kids-choice-awards-winners/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | {{won}} |- | colspan="3" style="background:#f2d5a6;"| '''[[Annecy International Animated Movie Festival|Annecy]] 2008:''' |- | TV series ([[Joaquim Dos Santos]] for the 11th episode of third season ''The Day of Black Sun Part 2: The Eclipse'')<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.annecy.org/home/index.php?Page_ID=1875&code_categmovie=C8&titre=&realisateur= |title=Annecy 2008 - Official Selection |publisher=Annecy 2008 |access-date=2008-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416223614/https://www.annecy.org/home/index.php?Page_ID=1875&code_categmovie=C8&titre=&realisateur= |date=2009-03-14 |archive-date=2021-04-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | {{nom}} |- | colspan="3" style="background:#f2d5a6;"| '''56th [[Golden Reel Award (Motion Picture Sound Editors)|Golden Reel Awards]]:''' |- | Best Sound Editing in a Television Animation (for the 21th episode of third season ''[[Sozin's Comet: The Final Battle#Part 4: Avatar Aang|Avatar Aang]]'')<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mpse.org/goldenreels/2009awards/2009tvnominees.html |title=56th Golden Reel Awards Television Nominees |year=2009 |publisher=Motion Picture Sound Editors |access-date=2009-01-31 |archive-date=2009-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130004138/http://mpse.org/goldenreels/2009awards/2009tvnominees.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | {{Nom}} |- | colspan="3" style="background:#f2d5a6;"| '''2008 [[Peabody Award]]s:''' |- | "Unusually complex characters and healthy respect for the consequences of warfare"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.peabody.uga.edu/news/event.php?id=59|title=2008 Peabody|publisher=[[Peabody Award]]|access-date=2009-06-20|archive-date=2009-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608125014/http://www.peabody.uga.edu/news/event.php?id=59|url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{won}} |} ==Other media== ===Literature=== [[Dark Horse Comics]] released an art book titled ''Avatar: The Last Airbender&nbsp;— The Art of the Animated Series'', on 2 June 2010 which contains 184 pages of the original art and creation behind the ''Avatar'' animated series.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.darkhorse.com/Books/16-782/Avatar-The-Last-Airbender---The-Art-of-the-Animated-Series |title=Avatar: The Last Airbender&nbsp;— The Art of the Animated Series :: Profile :: Dark Horse Comics |publisher=[[Dark Horse Comics]] |access-date=2010-03-03 |archive-date=2012-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106034838/http://www.darkhorse.com/Books/16-782/Avatar-The-Last-Airbender---The-Art-of-the-Animated-Series |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===Promotion and merchandising=== [[File:Avatar Airbender MOA.jpg|thumb|The "[[Avatar Airbender]]" [[roller coaster]] at [[Mall of America]]'s [[Nickelodeon|Nickelodeon Universe]].]] ''Avatar'''s success has led to some promotional advertising with third-party companies, such as [[Burger King]] and [[Upper Deck Company|Upper Deck Entertainment]]. ''Avatar''-themed [[roller coaster]]s at [[Nickelodeon|Nickelodeon Universe]] in the [[Mall of America]] and one formerly at ''Kings Island'' also appeared. During the show's runtime, Nickelodeon published two special issues of ''[[Nickelodeon|Nick Mag Presents]]'' dedicated entirely to the show. Various members of the ''Avatar'' staff and cast appeared at the 2006 San Diego Comic-Con International convention, while Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko appeared with Martial Arts Consultant Sifu Kisu at the Pacific Media Expo on October 28, 2006. ''Avatar'' also has its own line of T-shirts, [[LEGO]] [[Lego Avatar: The Last Airbender|playsets]], toys, a trading card game,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://entertainment.upperdeck.com/avatar/en/interface.aspx |title=Avatar Trading Card Game |access-date=2010-08-14 |archive-date=2008-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080302152900/http://entertainment.upperdeck.com/avatar/en/interface.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> a [[Movie comic|cine-manga]], and three video games, as well as an [[Massively Multiplayer Online Game|MMO]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.viacom.com/news/Pages/newstext.aspx?RID=1179537 |title=Nickelodeon Unveils New Avatar Multiplayer Online Global Game in September |access-date=2008-08-01 |work=Press Release |publisher=Viacom |date=2008-07-25 |archive-date=2008-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080805153647/http://www.viacom.com/news/Pages/newstext.aspx?RID=1179537 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Mattel]]-produced action figure toy line generated some controversy with its exclusion of any female characters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oafe.net/articulation/0707.php |title=Points of Articulation: An Open Letter to Mattel |publisher=OAFE |date=2007-07-28 |access-date=2008-09-13}}</ref> Mattel came to release information stating that they have taken account of Katara's increased role within the program, and that she would be included in the figure assortment for a mid 2007 release.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://community.livejournal.com/avatar_fans/1658088.html |title=Live Journal}}</ref> The figure ultimately went unreleased, however, as the entire line was cancelled before she could be produced. Nickelodeon executives have since released optimistic plans for upcoming marketing strategies in regards to ''Avatar''. Nickelodeon President [[Cyma Zarghami]] openly stated his belief that the franchise "could become their ''[[Harry Potter]]''".<ref name="becomeharrypotter">{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/money/media/2007-09-20-avatar_N.htm |title=Nick pins hopes on Avatar |publisher=[[USA Today]] |date=2007-09-20 |access-date=2008-04-16 | first=David | last=Lieberman}}</ref> They expect consumers to spend about $121 million in 2007, rising to $254 million by 2009.<ref name="becomeharrypotter"/> The marketing plans are to be coincided with the release of the first live-action movie based on the series in 2010, which will be the first movie in a trilogy.<ref name="becomeharrypotter"/> ===Video games=== In the series of ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' based a [[video game]] trilogy: * [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (video game)|Avatar: The Last Airbender]], based on the [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 1)|first season]] of ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' * [[Avatar: The Last Airbender - The Burning Earth]], based on the [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 2)|second season]] of ''Avatar: The Last Airbender''. * [[Avatar: The Last Airbender - Into the Inferno]], based on the [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 3)|third season]] of ''Avatar: The Last Airbender''. ''Avatar: Legends of the Arena'', a video game for [[Microsoft Windows]], was launched on 25 September 2008 by [[Nickelodeon]].<ref name="Avatar spirit media">{{cite news |title=Nickelodeon Announces Avatar: The Legend of Aang |url=http://www.avatarspiritmedia.net/index.php#541 |publisher=Avatarspirit.net |access-date=2008-09-09 |archive-date=2016-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312162151/http://www.comicmix.com/2010/06/20/review-avatar-the-last-airbender-the-complete-book-1-collectors-edition/#541 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Each user is able to create their own character, choose a nation, and to interact with others across the globe.<ref name="Avatar spirit media"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Nickelodeon Launching Avatar MMORPG Worldwide In September |url=http://www.worldsinmotion.biz/2008/07/nickelodeon_launching_avatar_m.php |work=Worlds in Motion |access-date=2008-09-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.nick.com/avatarlegends/ |title=The Official LotA site on Nick.com |publisher=[[Nick.com|Nickelodeon]] |access-date=2008-09-14}}</ref> ===Movie adaptation=== {{Main|The Last Airbender}} In the series of ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' based the trilogy ''[[The Last Airbender]]'': * [[The Last Airbender]], which was released on 1 July 2010 (based on [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 1)|the first season]] of ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'') * The Last Airbender 2, which was set to be released in 2012 (based on [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 2)|the second season]] of ''Avatar: The Last Airbender''). Has been canceled due to failure to stay faithful to the source. * The Last Airbender 3, which was set to be released in 2014 (based on [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 3)|the third season]] of ''Avatar: The Last Airbender''). There is no further announcement. ==== List of actors ==== {|class="wikitable" |- !Actors!!Role |- |[[Noah Ringer]]<ref name="ewlineup">{{Cite web |title=Entertainment Weekly — Shyamalan lines up his cast for 'The Last Airbender' |url=http://hollywoodinsider.ew.com/2008/12/shyamalan-casts.html |access-date=2010-08-14 |archive-date=2009-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090703130252/http://hollywoodinsider.ew.com/2008/12/shyamalan-casts.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Aang |- |[[Jackson Rathbone]]<ref name="ewlineup" /> |Sokka |- |[[Nicola Peltz]]<ref name="ewlineup" /> |Katara |- |[[Dev Patel]]<ref>[http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117999413.html?categoryid=13&cs=1&nid=2562 Variety — Shyamalan cast floats on 'Air']</ref> |Ζuko |- |[[Shaun Toub]] |Iroh |- |[[Cliff Curtis]] |Ozai |- |[[Summer Bishil]] |Azula |} === Avatar: The Legend of Korra === {{Main|Avatar: The Legend of Korra}} A series based on ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' is currently in development at [[Nickelodeon]] and due for release in 2011.<ref name="date">{{cite web |last=Associated |first=The |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128662333 |title=Nickelodeon Sets 'Last Airbender' Spinoff For 2011 |publisher=NPR |access-date=2010-07-23 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.teenbubblegum.com/legend-of-korra-the-new-avatar-series/1575/ |title=Teenbubblegum.com = Description of ''Avatar: The Legend of Korra'' |access-date=2010-08-14 |archive-date=2010-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100801055521/http://www.teenbubblegum.com/legend-of-korra-the-new-avatar-series/1575/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> It will be created by [[Michael Dante DiMartino]] and [[Bryan Konietzko]]. the creators of ''Avatar: The Last Airbender''.<ref name="ToonZone">{{Cite web |url=http://www.toonzone.net/news/articles/33286/nickelodeon-studios-staffing-up-for-new-avatar-the-last-airbender-project |title=Nickelodeon Studios Staffing Up for New "Avatar the Last Airbender" Project |access-date=2010-08-14 |archive-date=2012-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115034400/http://www.toonzone.net/news/articles/33286/nickelodeon-studios-staffing-up-for-new-avatar-the-last-airbender-project |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://youbentmywookie.com/entertainment/rumors-of-new-avatar-the-last-airbender-animated-series-confirmed-9311 Rumors Of New ‘Avatar: The Last Airbender’ Animated Series Confirmed]</ref><ref>[http://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/?s=Avatar%3A+The+Legend+of+Korra Blogs.wsj.com = About the ''Avatar: The Legend of Korra'']</ref> The show, tentatively titled ''[[Avatar: The Legend of Korra]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100721/ap_en_tv/us_tv_legend_of_korra |title=Yahoonews = Nickelodeon sets 'Last Airbender' spinoff for 2011 |access-date=2017-08-30 |archive-date=2010-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724115919/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100721/ap_en_tv/us_tv_legend_of_korra |url-status=dead }}</ref> will be a twelve-episode [[Miniseries|mini series]] that takes place in the same [[fictional universe|universe]],<ref name=date /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.toonzone.net/news/articles/34609/sdcc2010--batman-under-the-red-hood-roundtables-pt-2-timm-greenwood-amp-romano |title=Animation News Discussion Cartoon Community - toonzone news |publisher=Toonzone.net |access-date=2010-08-03 |archive-date=2012-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017045138/http://www.toonzone.net/news/articles/34609/sdcc2010--batman-under-the-red-hood-roundtables-pt-2-timm-greenwood-amp-romano/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> 70 years after the [[Sozin's Comet: The Final Battle|defeat]] of [[Ozai|Fire Lord Ozai]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dongbufeng.net/site1/content/view/1108/188/ |title=New Avatar Series by Mike and Bryan Confirmed |access-date=2010-08-14 |archive-date=2010-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822072133/http://www.dongbufeng.net/site1/content/view/1108/188 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The development period and release dates were announced at the annual [[San Diego Comic-Con International|Comic-Con]] in [[San Diego]] on 22 July 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ugo.com/tv/avatar-legend-of-korra-details-at-comic-con |title=Avatar: Legend of Korra Details at Comic-Con? |access-date=2010-08-14 |archive-date=2010-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100711004724/http://www.ugo.com/tv/avatar-legend-of-korra-details-at-comic-con |url-status=dead }}</ref> The series will focus on Korra, a teenage female protagonist and current incarnation of the Avatar, who, according to the president of [[Nickelodeon]], will be "hotheaded, independent, and ready to take on the world".<ref name=date /> She has already mastered the elements of Water, Earth, and Fire, but needs to master Air. The character was partly inspired by Avatar Kyoshi of the original series, whom the creators say was very popular among fans.<ref name="interview">{{cite web|last=John |first=Christopher |url=http://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2010/07/21/legend-of-korra-the-creators-of-avatar-the-last-airbender-on-the-new-spinoff/ |title='Legend of Korra': The 'Avatar' Creators on the New Spinoff&nbsp;— Speakeasy&nbsp;— WSJ |publisher=Blogs.wsj.com |date=2010-07-19 |access-date=2010-07-23}}</ref> In order to avoid repetition of Aang's adventures, the creators wanted to root the show in one place, called Republic City.<ref name=interview /> A concept drawing of the city, released with the announcement of the series, shows the city's design as inspired by [[Shanghai]] in the 1920s and 1930s, [[Hong Kong]], [[Manhattan]], and [[Vancouver]].<ref name=interview /> In the show, Korra will have to learn Airbending from master Tenzin, son of [[Avatar]] [[Aang]] and [[Katara]],<ref name=interview /> and contend with an anti-bender revolution taking place in the city.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nickelodeon Greenlights New Series From the Creators of the Animated Television Hit Avatar: The Last Airbender |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/nickelodeon-greenlights-new-series-from-the-creators-of-the-animated-television-hit-avatar-the-last-airbender-98925659.html |date=2010-07-21 |access-date=2010-07-21}}</ref> While not targeting a different demographic than ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'',<ref name=interview /> Michael and Bryan have stated that the show won't cover more mature subject material necessarily, just different mature subjects, "It won't be another war, but a different sort of conflict."<ref name="plot">{{cite web |last=Fitzpatrick |first=Kevin |url=http://www.ugo.com/tv/comic-con-2010-legend-of-korra-interview |title=Comic-Con 2010: The Legend of Korra Interview |publisher=UGO.com |date=2010-07-26 |access-date=2010-08-03 |archive-date=2013-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524032316/http://www.ugo.com/tv/comic-con-2010-legend-of-korra-interview |url-status=dead }}</ref> The creators also explained that there would be some "cheesy teen romance" for the main character, Korra.<ref name=plot /> At the 2010 Comic-Con, it was revealed that the creators will continue to work with [[Joaquim Dos Santos]] and Ryuki Hung on the animation and design of the show.<ref name=plot /> The creators also confirmed that they will directly write all twelve episodes, explaining that as a mini-series, episode fillers will be omitted, allowing for a "really tight" and "cool" story.<ref name=plot /> In late July, [[Jeremy Zuckerman]], composer of the original series, was confirmed to be returning to score ''The Legend of Korra''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Patches |first=Matt |url=http://www.ugo.com/tv/comic-con-2010-avatar-airbender-composer-confirmed-for-legend-of-korra |title=Airbender Composer Zuckerman Confirmed for Legend of Korra |publisher=UGO.com |date=2010-07-22 |access-date=2010-08-03 |archive-date=2010-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726133521/http://www.ugo.com/tv/comic-con-2010-avatar-airbender-composer-confirmed-for-legend-of-korra |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Live action remake === {{main|Avatar: The Last Airbender (upcoming TV series)}} A [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (upcoming TV series)|live action remake]] is in the works for [[Netflix]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Petski|first=Denise|date=2021-08-12|title='Avatar: The Last Airbender': Netflix Live-Action Adaptation Sets Main Cast, Creative Team|url=https://deadline.com/2021/08/avatar-the-last-airbender-netflix-live-action-adaptation-cast-albert-kim-showrunner-dan-lin-rideback-1234813459/|access-date=2021-08-12|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812143114/https://deadline.com/2021/08/avatar-the-last-airbender-netflix-live-action-adaptation-cast-albert-kim-showrunner-dan-lin-rideback-1234813459/|url-status=live}}</ref> Production and filming began in [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]] on November 16, 2021. It ended on June 17, 2022.<ref name="Wrapped">{{Cite web|date=2022-06-28|title='Avatar: The Last Airbender' Season 1: Filming Wraps on Live-Action Series|url=https://collider.com/avatar-the-last-airbender-season-1-live-action-filming-wrap-netflix/|access-date=2022-06-29|website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629021757/https://collider.com/avatar-the-last-airbender-season-1-live-action-filming-wrap-netflix/|url-status=live}}</ref>\<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-18|title=Netflix's Avatar: The Last Airbender Reportedly Starts Filming In November|url=https://screenrant.com/avatar-last-airbender-netflix-show-filming-update-november/|access-date=2021-07-20|website=ScreenRant|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720030043/https://screenrant.com/avatar-last-airbender-netflix-show-filming-update-november/|url-status=live}}</ref>\<ref name="WorkingTitle">{{cite web |date=November 18, 2021 |title=Production Weekly – Issue 1273 – Thursday, November 18, 2021 / 114 Listings – 26 Pages |url=https://www.productionweekly.com/production-weekly-issue-1273-thursday-november-18-2021-114-listings-26-pages/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118170758/https://www.productionweekly.com/production-weekly-issue-1273-thursday-november-18-2021-114-listings-26-pages/ |archive-date=November 18, 2021 |access-date=November 18, 2021 |website=Production Weekly}}</ref> Stewart Whelan served as a cinematographer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stewart Whelan |url=https://www.murthaskouras.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Whelan-Stewart.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530134118/https://www.murthaskouras.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Whelan-Stewart.pdf |archive-date=May 30, 2022 |access-date=May 30, 2022 |agency=Murtha Skouras Agency}}</ref> ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category|Avatar: The Last Airbender}} {{wikiquote|Avatar: The Last Airbender}} * {{Official website|http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/}} * {{wikia|avatar|Avatar Wiki}} * {{imdb title | id=0417299 | title=Avatar: The Last Airbender}} {{Avatar: The Last Airbender}} [[Category:Avatar: The Last Airbender| ]] [[Category:American animated television series| ]] [[Category:Nickelodeon television series]] [[Category:Nicktoons]] [[category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:Peabody Award winners]] [[Category:American Emmy Award winners]] [[Category:English-language television programs]] [[Category:2005 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2008 television series endings]] p8os81jdcmgv7q5m7q5g8879zhwj3r8 10369342 10368470 2025-07-03T10:02:42Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10369342 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = Avatar The Last Airbender logo.svg | genre = {{plainlist| * [[Animation]] * [[Action-adventure fiction|Action-adventure]] * [[Fantasy television|Fantasy]] * [[Comedy drama]] }} | creator = {{plainlist| * [[Michael Dante DiMartino]] * [[Bryan Konietzko]] }} | voices = {{plainlist| * [[Zach Tyler Eisen]] * [[Mae Whitman]] * [[Jack DeSena]] * [[Dante Basco]] * Jessie Flower * [[Dee Bradley Baker]] * [[Mako Iwamatsu|Mako]] * [[Greg Baldwin]] * [[Grey DeLisle]] * [[Mark Hamill]] }} | composer = {{plainlist| * [[Jeremy Zuckerman]] * [[Benjamin Wynn]] }} | country = United States | language = English | num_seasons = 3 | num_episodes = 61 | list_episodes = List of Avatar: The Last Airbender episodes | executive_producer = {{plainlist| * [[Michael Hirsh (producer)|Michael Hirsh]] * Michael Dante DiMartino * Piratck Loubert *Cilve A Simth * Bryan Konietzko * [[Aaron Ehasz]] (co-executive) }} * Scott Dyer | animator = JM Animation (32 episodes){{efn|JM Animation animated episodes #1–2, 4, 6, 9–10, all even numbered from 12–24, 26–27, all even numbered from 30–54, 57–58 and 60–61.}}<br />[[DR Movie]] (19 episodes){{efn|DR Movie animated episodes #3, 5, 7–8, all odd numbered from 11–25, 28–29 and all odd numbered from 31–39.}}<br />Moi Animation (10 episodes){{efn|Moi Animation animated all odd numbered episodes from #41–53, 55–56 and 59.}} | runtime = 23 minutes<!-- On average --> | company = [[Nelvana]]<br />[[Wang Film Productions| Shzou Hong Ying Animation]] (S4) | channel = [[Nickelodeon]] (United States)<br />[[TVOKids]]/[[Knowledge Kids]]/[[Saskatchewan Communications Network|SCN]]/[[CTV 2 Alberta|Access,]] (Canada) | first_aired = {{start date|2005|2|21}} | last_aired = {{end date|2008|7|19}} }} '''''Avatar Legends: The Last Airbender''''',<ref>{{blist|{{cite web |last1=Ramos |first1=Dino-Ray |title='The Dragon Prince': Netflix Sets New Animated Series From 'Avatar: The Last Airbender' Writer |url=https://deadline.com/2018/07/the-dragon-prince-netflix-aaron-ehasz-justin-richmond-avatar-the-last-airbender-comic-con-1202424331/ |website=Deadline |access-date=March 17, 2022 |date=July 11, 2018}}|{{cite web |last1=Sava |first1=Oliver |title=The new team behind the Avatar comic opens up in this exclusive preview |url=https://www.avclub.com/the-new-team-behind-the-avatar-comic-opens-up-in-this-e-1831176834 |website=The A.V. Club |access-date=March 17, 2022 |date=December 18, 2018}}|{{cite magazine |last1=Yang |first1=Rachel |title='Avatar: The Last Airbender' co-creator says 'there's so much I would fix' about show |url=https://ew.com/tv/avatar-last-airbender-creator-fix-series/ |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=March 17, 2022 |language=en |date=July 1, 2021}}}}</ref> also known as '''''Avatar Legends: The Legend of Aang''''' or simply '''''Avatar: The Last Airbender''''', '''''Avatar: The Legend of Aang''''', '''''Avatar Legends''''' or '''''Avatar''''', is an American [[Anime|anime-influenced animated]] [[television series]]. The series was created by [[Michael Dante DiMartino]] and [[Bryan Konietzko]]. It was [[Producer|produced]] by [[Nelvana Limited]]. The series was on [[Nickelodeon]] for three [[Season (television)|seasons]]. The [[Television pilot|pilot episode]], ''The Boy in the Iceberg,'' was first [[Broadcasting|broadcast]] on February 21, 2005. The last episode, ''[[Sozin's Comet: The Final Battle|Sozin's Comet]],'' was broadcast on July 19, 2008. The program is about a world where people can control, or "bend," one of the four [[Element|elements]]—[[water]], [[ground|earth]], [[fire]], or [[air]]. The [[Protagonist|main character]] is [[Aang]]. He is the "Avatar". This means he can bend all four elements. In the series, Aang and his friends [[Katara]], [[Sokka]], and later [[Toph Beifong]] must save the world by defeating Fire Lord Ozai. Ozai is the ruler of the Fire Nation. Aang and his friends want to end a war between the Fire Nation and the other nations. The war has lasted for one hundred years. At the same time, [[Zuko]] tries to capture Aang and defeat him. Zuko used to be the prince of the Fire Nation. The series is based on different parts of [[Asia|Asian]] [[culture]]. The Fire Nation reflects imperial Japan. The Earth Kingdom has many similarities to Chinese culture. The Air Nomads represent Tibetan culture. The Water Tribe matches the Inuk nation and Inuit people. The moves that the characters make when they bend are based on different styles of [[martial arts]]. These include [[Kung-fu|kung fu]] and [[Tai chi chuan|tai chi]]. The art style of the series is similar to the style of [[Anime|Japanese anime]]. ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' received high [[rating]]s when it was broadcast. Its highest rating was 5.6 million people. The series was made for young viewers. Even people who were not 6 to 11 watched and liked it.<ref name="DemographicandPlot">{{cite web|date=2007-01-09|title=Element of Shyamalan in "Airbender"|url=http://www.mnightfans.com/element-of-shyamalan-in-airbender/|access-date=2008-05-03|work=The Hollywood Reporter|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=TVGuide |date=2006-12-28 |title=In Brief: Avatar's Big Finish |page=12}}</ref> Critics also like the show. They think its characters, art, music, and writing are all very good. In addition, ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' talks about difficult things that children's shows do not talk about often. These include [[war]], [[genocide]], [[imperialism]], and [[free will]]. The show has won many awards. It has won five [[Annie Awards]], a [[Genesis Awards|Genesis Award]], a [[Primetime Emmy Awards|Primetime Emmy Award]], a [[Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards|Kids' Choice Award]], and a [[Peabody Award]]. Many people think ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' is one of the best animated series of all time.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Avatar: The Last Airbender' Is Still One of the Greatest Shows of All Time|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/5943jz/avatar-the-last-airbender-is-still-one-of-the-greatest-shows-of-all-time|access-date=2021-10-14|website=www.vice.com|language=en}}</ref> There is a franchise of things related to ''Avatar: The Last Airbender''. One of these is an animated sequel series, ''[[The Legend of Korra]],'' that tells what happens 70 years after the events of the first show''. The Legend of Korra'' premiered in 2012 and ended in 2014.<ref>{{cite news|date=21 July 2010|title=Nickelodeon sets 'Last Airbender' spinoff for 2011|agency=Associated Press|url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100721/ap_en_ot/us_tv_legend_of_korra|url-status=dead|access-date=30 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724085414/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100721/ap_en_ot/us_tv_legend_of_korra|archive-date=24 July 2010}}</ref> There are also [[Avatar: The Last Airbender - The Rise of Kyoshi|two prequel novels]], a [[The Last Airbender|live-action film]], and [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (comics)|a series of comics]], which are still being made. In July 2018, the complete series was released on [[Blu-ray Disc|Blu-ray]]. This was to celebrate the ten-year anniversary of the ending of the show. The show was released on [[Netflix]] in the United States and Canada in May 2020. It was also released on [[Paramount+]] in June 2020 and on [[Amazon Prime Video]] in January 2021. A [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (upcoming TV series)|live action version]] recently premiered on February 22, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Avatar: The Last Airbender: Premiere Date, Trailer, Cast & More|url=https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/article/avatar-the-last-airbender-premiere-date-trailer-cast-more/|access-date=2025-04-08|website=editorial.rottentomatoes.com|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Episodes== {{Main|List of Avatar: The Last Airbender episodes}} ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' takes place in a world that is home to humans, fantastic animals, and spirits. The world is divided into [[Avatar: The Last Airbender - The Nations|four nations]]: the Water Tribes, the Earth Kingdom, the Air Nomads, and the Fire Nation. Each nation bases its society on the element (water, earth, fire, or air) that is in its name. Some people who live in each nation have the power to magically control and use, or "bend," the element of that nation. Those people are called "benders". It should be noted that the element the bender can bend can't be magically created (except fire), but rather just modified and repurposed with the bending technique. Benders can use their powers of bending to fight. The way that the show portrays the fighting style from each nation is based on a [[Martial arts|martial art]] from real life. For instance, "waterbenders" (people who can magically control and use water) have a fighting style that is based on [[tai chi chuan]] from real life. Earthbending is mostly based on [[Hung Ga]] [[kung fu]]. Firebending is like [[Northern Shaolin (martial art)|Northern Shaolin]] kung fu. And Airbending is similar to [[baguazhang]].<ref name="avatar2 index.jhtml">{{cite web|url=http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/index.jhtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023195043/http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/index.jhtml|archive-date=2007-10-23 |title=Nickelodeon's Official Avatar: The Last Airbender Flash Site |access-date=2006-12-02 |publisher=Nick.com}}</ref> Each nation is also connected to a season: autumn for the Air Nomads, winter for the Water Tribe, spring for the Earth Kingdom and summer for the Fire Nation.<ref>{{cite episode|title=The Southern Air Temple |airdate=2005-02-25 |season=1 |number=3 |credits=Director: Lauren MacMullan; Writer: Michael Dante DiMartino |series=Avatar: The Last Airbender |network=Nickelodeon}}</ref> In the world that ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' shows, there is always only one person alive who can bend all four elements. That person is called the "Avatar." When one Avatar dies, he or she is [[Reincarnation|reincarnated]], or born again in another body. The Avatar's next body always belongs to the next nation in the Avatar Cycle. The cycle always goes in this order: water, earth, fire, air. Then it starts over again with water. The Avatar must learn how to bend the elements in the same order. He or she begins by learning how to bend the element of the country where they were born. Then he or she learns the next three elements in order. Usually, it is a challenge for the Avatar to learn how to bend the element that is the opposite of their first, or "native," element. For instance, the main character of the show, Aang, was born to Air Nomads, so air was the first element he learned to bend. The "opposite" element to air is earth, so for Aang, it was difficult to learn earthbending. This is because Earthbending focuses on steadiness and facing your opponent directly. This is different from airbending, which focuses on getting to your opponents in many different ways and changing your style quickly if it is necessary.<ref name="Bitter Work">{{cite episode|title=Bitter Work |airdate=2006-06-02 |season=2 |number=9 |credits=Director: Ethan Spaulding; Writer: Aaron Ehasz |series=Avatar: The Last Airbender |network=Nickelodeon}}</ref> One special power that the Avatar has is called the "Avatar State." When an Avatar goes into the Avatar State, he or she gains all of the knowledge and abilities that all of the past Avatars have had. The Avatar State is a [[defense mechanism]]. An Avatar goes into this state automatically. However, if he or she practices for a very long time, he or she can control when they go into the Avatar State and what they do while they are in it. <ref>{{cite episode|title=The Avatar State |airdate=2006-03-17 |season=2 |number=1 |credits=Director: Giancarlo Volpe; Writers: Aaron Ehasz, Elizabeth Welch Ehasz, Tim Hedrick, John O'Bryan |series=Avatar: The Last Airbender |network=Nickelodeon}}</ref> If an Avatar is killed in the Avatar State, then the Avatar Cycle will be broken. Then there will be no more Avatars.<ref>{{cite episode|title=The Library |airdate=2006-06-14 |season=2 |number=10 |credits=Director: Giancarlo Volpe; Writer: John O'Bryan |series=Avatar: The Last Airbender |network=Nickelodeon}}</ref> Through the years, there have been many Avatars. They keep all of the four nations peaceful.<ref name="avatar2/index.jhtml"/> Another special power that the Avatar has is being able to go into the [[Spirit World]]. He or she can link the physical world to the Spirit World. In this way, he or she can solve problems that regular benders cannot.<ref name="The Spirit World">{{cite episode|title=The Spirit World (Winter Solstice, Part 1) |airdate=2005-04-08 |season=1 |number=7 |credits=Director: Lauren MacMullan; Writer: Aaron Ehasz |series=Avatar: The Last Airbender |network=Nickelodeon}}</ref> ===Season One (Book One: Water)=== {{Main|Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 1)}} One hundred years before the story begins, a twelve-year-old Airbender named [[Aang]] learns that he is the new Avatar. He is not happy when he learns this, because he knows that being the Avatar is a big responsibility, and he does not think he is ready for it. He is also scared of having to leave his [[mentor]], Monk Gyatso, whom he loves very much. Aang flees from home on his animal guide, a flying bison named [[Appa]]. But they fly into a big storm and crash into the ocean, and Aang goes into the Avatar State and freezes himself and Appa inside an [[iceberg]]. They are frozen in a state of [[suspended animation]]—they cannot move, grow older, or die. While this is happening, the Fire Nation is beginning a war against the other three nations. Fire Lord Sozin, the leader of the Fire Nation, knows that the new Avatar is an Air Nomad (because of the Avatar Cycle's pattern), so he kills all of the Air Nomads in a [[genocide]]. This is because he wants to make sure that the Avatar, who is very powerful, will not be able to defeat the Fire Nation in the war. The Fire Nation army is able to kill all of the Air Nomads because a comet called "Sozin's Comet" made their bending much more powerful. But because the actual Avatar, Aang, is frozen in an iceberg, he is not killed. He is the only Airbender to survive the attack. For one hundred years, everybody in the world believes that the Avatar does not exist anymore. A hundred years later, [[Katara]] and [[Sokka]], two siblings who live in the Southern Water Tribe, free Aang and Appa from the iceberg. Katara is the only waterbender in her small tribe. She has taught herself how to bend. Her older brother, Sokka, cannot bend, but he is a warrior. Katara, Sokka, and Aang travel to the Northern Water Tribe so Aang and Katara can learn waterbending from a master. Aang does not know about the war or the genocide of the Air Nomads. While on their journey, they visit the Southern Air Temple, where Aang used to live. There, Aang discovers that the Fire Nation destroyed the Air Nomads. He also meets his Avatar guide, Avatar Roku, who is the Avatar who came before Aang. Roku tells Aang that he must learn to bend all four elements by the [[summer solstice]]. This is because Sozin's Comet will return on that day, and it will make the firebenders' bending very powerful. If Aang does not defeat the current Fire Lord, [[Ozai]], by the summer solstice, then the Fire Nation will take over the world and no one will be able to stop them anymore. While Katara, Sokka, and Aang travel to the Northern Water Tribe, they are constantly chased by Prince [[Zuko]]. Zuko is the son of the current Fire Lord, [[Ozai]], but Ozai [[Exile|banished]] him from the Fire Nation three years before the story starts. Zuko can only return to the Fire Nation and get back his [[honor]] if he captures the Avatar. He travels with his uncle [[Iroh]], nicknamed "Dragon of the West", a legendary Fire Nation general and the older brother of Ozai. Zuko and another Fire Nation military officer, Admiral Zhao, compete to capture the Avatar. At the end of the season, Admiral Zhao leads the Fire Nation navy in attacking the Northern Water Tribe. During the attack, Zhao also kills the Moon Spirit. But Aang and his friends help fight back against this attack, and Yue, the princess of the Northern Water Tribe, sacrifices herself (in other words, she decides to die) so she can become the new Moon Spirit. In the end, Aang and his friends win the battle. ===Season Two (Book Two: Earth)=== {{Main|Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 2)}} After leaving the North Pole, Aang continues to learn and master waterbending with Katara. Aang, Katara, and Sokka look for someone who can teach Aang how to earthbend. They soon meet [[Toph|Toph Bei Fong]], a young girl who is one of the best earthbenders in the world. She is [[Blindness|blind]], but knows how to "see" (or sense her surroundings) through earthbending and by feeling vibrations, or small shakes, in the earth. She teaches Aang to do the same. Meanwhile, Zuko and Iroh are now [[fugitives]] from the Fire Nation. They escape to Ba Sing Se, the capital city of the Earth Kingdom, where they try to start new lives. Zuko, with the help of his uncle, tries to accept the difficult events he has gone through in his life, and he learns to not be so focused on capturing the Avatar. Aang and his friends (who are sometimes called "Team Avatar") learn about a [[solar eclipse]] that will happen in the future. When the eclipse happens, all firebenders will lose their bending for a short time. So Team Avatar makes plans to [[Invasion|invade]] the Fire Nation on that day. This is when Aang plans to defeat Fire Lord Ozai. While Team Avatar travels to Ba Sing Se so they can tell the Earth King about the eclipse, Zuko's younger sister [[Azula]] and her two friends [[Mai]] and [[Ty Lee]] try to capture them. Finally, the three of them capture the Kyoshi Warriors (friends of Team Avatar) and pretend to be them, so that they can invade Ba Sing Se. Azula persuades an elite group of Earthbenders called the Dai Li to instigate a [[coup d'état]], allowing the Fire Nation to capture Ba Sing Se. At the end of the season, when Team Avatar is fighting against Azula and her allies, Zuko sides with Azula, who promises to restore his honor. When Aang enters the Avatar State, Azula shoots him with lightning. It hurts him very badly, and he almost dies. Katara brings Aang back to life with spirit water that she got from the North Pole in the previous season. But Aang's seventh chakra is blocked, and he cannot enter the Avatar State. ===Season Three (Book Three: Fire)=== {{Main|Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 3)}} {{see also|Sozin's Comet: The Final Battle}} Aang awakens to find the group disguised as Fire Nation soldiers heading West on a Fire Nation ship, while Zuko has been restored to his position as crown prince. Sokka has planned a small-scale invasion of the Fire Nation to capture the Fire Lord's palace and defeat Fire Lord Ozai, taking advantage of the solar eclipse. The invasion will be staged by a ragtag group of benders and warriors who Aang has helped along his journey. Initially the invasion proceeds as planned, but Aang fails to find the Fire Lord before the eclipse ends, because Azula knew about the invasion. The invasion ultimately fails, and only Aang and his closest friends are able to escape. Zuko, in a change of heart, decides to defy his father and join the Avatar. Zuko catches up with Aang at the Western Air Temple and offers to teach Aang Firebending. After some reluctance from Katara and Sokka, Team Avatar allows Zuko to join the group. In the series finale, Aang defeats Fire Lord Ozai by taking away his ability to firebend. With Ozai defeated, the war quickly ends. Zuko is crowned the new Fire Lord and, with the help of the Avatar and his friends, begins rebuilding the four nations. The series ends as Aang and Katara kiss in front of the sunset. ==Characters== {{Main|List of Avatar: The Last Airbender characters}}<ref name="Voice Actors">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=btGwaRRPnMg Avatar: Voice Actors - The voice actors talking about their characters]</ref> [[Aang]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046903/ |title=Imdb.com - Aang (character)(profil) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512035537/https://thesananews.com/quotes/uncle-iroh-inspirational-quotes/the |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/characters/aang.html Nickelodeon.com - Aang]</ref> ([[Zach Tyler Eisen]]<ref name="Voice Actors"/>) is a 12 year old. He is the most important character in the series. He was frozen in ice with his flying bison, Appa, for 100 years. He was found by a young Waterbender named Katara. Now he is the Avatar, the master of 4 different powers: water, earth, fire and air. Aang is a hero, but he doesn't want to be a hero. He is trying to make the world good again.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046903/bio |title=Imdb.com - Aang (bio) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227230829/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046903/bio |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Katara]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046906/ |title=Imbd.com - Katara (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711103637/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046906/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/characters/katara.html Nickelodeon.com - Katara]</ref> ([[Mae Whitman]]<ref name="Voice Actors"/>) is 14 years old. She is a Waterbender. This means she can move water by moving her body. She is in the Southern Water Tribe. Katara has a brother. His name is Sokka. They find Aang in a big ball of ice. He had been frozen for 100 years. Katara and Sokka go with Aang on an adventure to kill the evil Lord. His is called Fire Lord Ozai. She is his first teacher for water.Katara can do bloodbending. This means she can move peoples' bodies by "bending" their blood. She does not like to do this. [[Sokka]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0053811/ |title=Imbd.com - Sokka (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211152645/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0053811/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/characters/sokka.html Nickelodeon.com - Sokka]</ref> ([[Jack DeSena]]<ref name="Voice Actors"/>) is 15 years old. He is a warrior. He is also Katara's brother. He lives in the Southern Water Tribe. He goes with Aang on his adventure to kill the evil Fire Lord. He is very funny, so he says he is "meat-loving" and "[[sarcasm|sarcastic]]".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0053811/bio |title=Imbd.com - Sokka (bio) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227234704/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0053811/bio |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sokka is different from his friends. He cannot "bend" anything, he is a fighter and a thinker. He has lots of good ideas and weapons. He has a [[boomerang]] and a [[sword]] he made from a [[meteorite]]. [[Michael Dante DiMartino]], who made the TV show, said that Sokka could have been a Waterbender, but he never learned how to do it. [[Toph]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046908/ |title=Imdb.com - Toph (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2016-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222180242/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046908/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/characters/toph.html Nickelodeon.com - Toph]</ref> ([[Jessie Flower]]<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DtCsrnQ1Wl4 Michael Dante DiMartino, Bryan Konietzko and Jessie Flower are talking about Toph]</ref>) is 12 years old. She is blind. She is an Earthbender. Her family is rich, but she doesn't like money. She is very strong and she likes to fight.{{efn|We see her the first time in Season 2[[Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 2)|second season]] - ''Blind Bandit''}} When she meets Aang and his friends she thinks they are strange. She wants to help them, so she goes with them on their adventure. She is Aang's teacher for Earthbending. She is blind, but she can still see things. Toph "sees" with her feet. She feels the earth move a little bit. Then she knows what is happening. Toph is the most powerful Earthbender ever.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046908/bio |title=Imdb.com - Toph Bei Fong (bio) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2012-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113225739/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046908/bio |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Zuko]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0029576/ |title=Imdb.com - Zuko (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214093431/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0029576/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/characters/zuko.html Nickelodeon.com - Zuko]</ref> ([[Dante Basco]]<ref name="Voice Actors"/>) is 16 years old. He is the son of the evil Fire Lord, so he is a prince. In Season 1 he is the most important bad guy. Zuko's life was hard. Something happened and now his father doesn't like him.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0029576/bio |title=Imdb.com - Zuko (bio) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227180119/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0029576/bio |url-status=dead }}</ref> Zuko wants to catch the Avatar because his father banished him until he can capture and bring the Avatar as a prisoner to the Fire Lord. Zuko does not like himself, he is angry, and his family is crazy. In the show Zuko learns how to be nice. He wears a blue mask to hide himself and then he saves people. In season three, he leaves the Fire Lord. He goes to Aang and becomes his friend. He becomes a Firebending teacher for Aang. At the end, he is the new Fire Lord. [[Azula]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046913/ |title=Imbd.com - Azula (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130183151/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046913/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/characters/azula.html Nickelodeon.com - Azula]</ref> ([[Grey DeLisle]]) is a bad princess. She is a Firebender. She is Zuko's younger sister. She is an important bad guy in the show. Azula is very good at Firebending. It is easy for her to do it. She can make lightning. She is very mean to her friends [[Mai]] and [[Ty Lee]]. She uses fire to scare them. The Fire Lord likes her more than Zuko.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046913/bio |title=Imdb.com - Azula (bio) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2016-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417072039/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046913/bio |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ltk3DvwHkDQ Michael Dante DiMartino, Bryan Konietzko and Grey DeLisle talking about Azula]</ref> [[Iroh]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046909/ |title=Imbd.com - Iroh (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731071837/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046909/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/characters/iroh.html Nickelodeon.com - Iroh]</ref> ([[Mako Iwamatsu|Mako]] in season one and two, [[Greg Baldwin]] in season three{{efn|Because of Mako's death}}) used to be a general for the Fire Lord. He can make fire in his nose and mouth, so they call him the Dragon of the West. He is Prince Zuko's uncle and teacher. The Fire lord is Iroh's brother. Iroh is older than the Fire Lord. He should be the Lord, but the Fire Lord lied, so that he could be the Lord.<ref>{{cite episode|title=Zuko Alone |series=Avatar: The Last Airbender |network=Nickelodeon |airdate=2006-05-12 |season=2 |number=7}}</ref> People think Iroh is nice, kind, and happy. He does silly things so people think he is not strong or smart. But Iroh is very smart and strong. Iroh has a secret group of friends. They are strong and good at fighting. The friends are called The Order of the White Lotus. In the last episode they fight the Fire Nation. They win and the world becomes a good place. Iroh is special because he learned how to do Firebending from [[Dragon]]s. === Other characters === {|class="wikitable" |- !Name!!Voiced by!!Description |- |Appa<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046907/ |title=Imdb.com - Appa (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2016-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228181115/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046907/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046907/bio |title=Imdb.com - Appa (bio) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2010-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601032332/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046907/bio |url-status=dead }}</ref> |[[Dee Bradley Baker]] |Aang's flying bison |- |Momo<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0051506/ |title=Imdb.com - Momo (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2016-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308125938/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0051506/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |[[Dee Bradley Baker]] |Aang's lemur |- |Mai<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046914/ |title=Imdb.com - Mai (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202192146/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046914/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046914/bio |title=Imdb.com - Mai (bio) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201115154/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046914/bio |url-status=dead }}</ref> |[[Cricket Leigh]] |Zuko's girlfriend |- |Ty Lee<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046912/ |title=Imdb.com - Ty Lee (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2016-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813010604/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046912/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0046912/bio Imbd.com - Ty Lee (bio)]{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |[[Olivia Hack]] |Mai's friend |- |Suki<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0126572/ |title=Imdb.com - Suki (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2017-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202124148/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0126572/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0126572/bio |title=Imdb.com - Suki (bio) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2010-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124142609/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0126572/bio |url-status=dead }}</ref> |[[Jennie Kwan]] |Sokka's girlfriend, the leader of the Kyoshi Warriors |- |Hakoda<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0079685/ |title=Imdb.com - Hakoda (character) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-date=2011-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126205800/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0079685/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://www.imdb.com/character/ch0079685/bio Imdb.com - Hakoda (bio)]{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |[[André Sogliuzzo]] |Sokka and Katara's father, the chief of the Southern Water Tribe |} ==Production== [[File:Mike Dante DiMartino.JPG|thumb|Michael DiMartino, one of the co-creators of the show, at the 2008 [[New York Comic Con]].]] ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' was co-created and produced by [[Michael Dante DiMartino]] and [[Bryan Konietzko]] at Nelvana Limited in [[Toronto|Tortnto Onartio, Canada]]. Animation work was done by the Korean animation studio [[DR Movie]]. According to Bryan Konietzko, the program was conceived in the spring of 2001 when he took an old sketch of a balding, middle-aged man and re-imagined the character as a child.<ref name="NickMagInterview1">{{cite journal|last=DiMartino|first=Michael Dante|author2=Konietzko, Bryan|year=2006|title=In Their Elements|journal=Nickelodeon Magazine|issue=Winter 2006|page=6}}</ref> Konietzko drew the character herding bison in the sky, and showed the sketch to Mike DiMartino. At the time, DiMartino was studying a documentary about explorers trapped in the [[South Pole]]. Konietzko described their early development of the concept: {{cquote|We thought, "There's an air guy along with these water people trapped in a snowy wasteland... and maybe some fire people are pressing down on them..."|Bryan Konietzko<ref name="NickMagInterview1"/>}}The co-creators successfully pitched the idea to Nickelodeon [[VP]] and [[executive producer]] Eric Coleman just two weeks later.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mag.awn.com/index.php?ltype=pageone&article_no=3428 |title=It's Elementary -- Avatar: The Last Airbender |last=Clark |first=Craig J. |date=2007-10-17 |publisher=Animation World Magazine, Inc. |access-date=2008-05-03 |archive-date=2012-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813045036/http://www.awn.com/articles/production/its-elementary-iavatar-last-airbenderi |url-status=dead }}</ref> The show was first revealed to the public in a teaser reel at [[San Diego Comic-Con International|Comic-Con]] 2004,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nick.com/all_nick/tv_supersites/video.jhtml?show_id=ava&clip=16 |title=Avatar: The Last Airbender Sneak Peak |access-date=2006-12-10 |publisher=Nickelodeon}}</ref> and started show the episodes from 21 February 2005. In the United States, first two episodes of the series were shown together in a one-hour premiere event. A second twenty-episode season ran from 17 March 2006 through 1 December.<ref name="secondseason">{{cite web|author=Carlsbad|date=2006-01-24|title=Article on Launch of Avatar Card Game|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/01-24-2006/0004266998&EDATE=|access-date=2006-12-03|publisher=PR Newswire}}</ref> A third and final season, beginning September 21, 2007, featured twenty-one episodes rather than the usual twenty.<ref name="as_S3airdate">A third season consisting of twenty-one episodes began airing on September 21, 2007</ref> The final four episodes were packaged as a two-hour movie. ===Cultural influences=== ''Avatar'' is notable for borrowing extensively from [[Art of East Asia|Asian art]] and mythology to create its [[universe]]. The show's character designs are heavily influenced by [[anime]] as well as [[China|Chinese]] [[art]] and [[History of China|history]], [[Hinduism]], [[Taoism]], [[Buddhism]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nicksplat.com/Whatsup/200510/12000135.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071217111256/http://www.nicksplat.com/Whatsup/200510/12000135.html |archive-date=2007-12-17 |title=Interview With The Creators |access-date=2006-12-02 |date=2005-10-12 |publisher=NickSplat.com}}</ref> and [[Yoga]].<ref name="nytimes">{{cite news|author=Mark Lasswell|date=2005-08-25|title=Kung Fu Fightin' Anime Stars, Bo|work=New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/28/arts/television/28lass.html?ei=5090&en=2d9845c5b0133bb9&ex=1282881600&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss&pagewanted=all|access-date=2006-12-02}}</ref> Traditional [[East Asian calligraphy]] styles are used for nearly all the writing in the show. For each instance of calligraphy, an appropriate style is used, ranging from [[seal script]] (more archaic) to [[clerical script]].<ref name="calligraphy.html">{{cite web |url=http://www.musogato.com/avatar/calligraphy.html |title=Calligraphy Writing In Avatar |access-date=2006-12-02 |author=KTChong |publisher=Distant Horizon |archive-date=2007-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070108101432/http://www.musogato.com/avatar/calligraphy.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The show employed a cultural consultant, Edwin Zane, and calligrapher Siu-Leung Lee as consultants for the show's cultural influences.<ref name="nytimes"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://movies.nytimes.com/person/537590/Edwin-Zane/movieography |title=Edwin Zane&nbsp;— Movieography |access-date=2009-02-14 |work=New York Times}}</ref> The choreographed martial art bending moves were profoundly affected by Asian cinema.<ref name="NickMagInterview1"/> In an interview, Bryan revealed that, "Mike and I were really interested in other epic 'Legends & Lore' properties, like [[Harry Potter]] and ''[[The Lord of the Rings|Lord of the Rings]]'', but we knew that we wanted to take a different approach to that type of genre. Our love for Japanese anime, Hong Kong action and [[kung fu]] cinema, yoga, and Eastern philosophies led us to the initial inspiration for ''Avatar''."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tv.ign.com/articles/818/818284p1.html |title=IGN: Interview: Avatar's Bryan Konietzko and Michael Dante DiMartino |access-date=2007-09-24 |date=2007-09-06 |publisher=IGN}}</ref> All music and sound used in the series was done by [[Jeremy Zuckerman]] and Benjamin Wynn, who form "The Track Team". They made use of a wide range of different instruments (such as the [[guzheng]], [[pipa]] and [[duduk]]) to compose a background music that fits into the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soundtrack.net/features/article/?id=252 |title=Interview with The Track Team |access-date=2009-08-20 |publisher=[[SoundtrackNet]]}}</ref> ===Avatar=== The term "[[Avatar]]" comes from the language of [[Sanskrit]], one of the most ancient languages of [[India]]. The word ''Avatāra'', ([[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]]: {{lang|sa|अवतार}}), which means "descent"; its roots are ''ava'' means "down," and ''tri'' means "to pass." In the Hindu scriptures, ''avatara'' signifies the descent of Divinity into flesh. One who attains union with Spirit and then returns to earth to help humanity is called an avatar. The [[Chinese character]]s that appear at the top of the show's title card mean "the divine medium who has descended upon the mortal world."<ref name="calligraphy.html"/> When [[Aang]] was young, he unknowingly revealed that he was the Avatar when he chose four toys out of thousands, each of which were the childhood toys of the previous Avatars. In [[Tibetan Buddhism]], there is a similar test for reincarnations of a [[Tulku]] [[Lama]]. In ''Magic and Mystery in Tibet'', [[Alexandra David-Néel|Alexandra David-Neel]] writes that "a number of objects such as [[rosary|rosaries]], ritualistic implements, books, tea-cups, etc., are placed together, and the child must pick out those which belonged to the late ''tulku'', thus showing that he recognizes the things which were ''theirs'' in their previous life."<ref>{{cite book| last = David-Neel| first = Alexandra| title = Magic and Mystery in Tibet| url = https://archive.org/details/magicmysteryinti0000davi| year = 1971| publisher = Courier Corporation| isbn = 978-0-486-22682-8| page = [https://archive.org/details/magicmysteryinti0000davi/page/124 124] }}</ref> Each successor is expected to show signs of continuity with the previous Avatar, such as being born within a week of the death. ===Elements and fighting styles=== <!-- Do not mention any specific classical ideology as the influential source unless you have verifiable proof. No "missing fifth element."--> ''Avatar'' draws on the four [[classical element]]s common to many [[Philosophy|ancient philosophies]] for its bending arts: [[Water]], [[Earth]], [[Fire]] and [[Air]]. Although each has its own variation, most ancient philosophies incorporate these four elements in some way. Examples include the classical [[Tattva|Hindu]], [[Mahābhūta|Buddhist]], and [[Classical elements#Classical elements in Greece|Greek]] elemental traditions. In the show’s opening, each element is accompanied by two Chinese characters: an ancient Chinese [[seal script]] character on the left representing the element being shown and a modern Chinese character on the right describing some feature of the element. The character 水 ([[pinyin]]: ''shui''), which stands for water, is shown with 善 (pinyin: ''shan''), which means benevolence and adaptivity. The character 土 ([[pinyin]]: ''tu''), which stands for earth, is shown with 強 (pinyin: ''qiang''), which means for strength and stability. The character 火 ([[pinyin]]: ''huo''), which stands for fire, is shown with 烈 (pinyin: ''lie''), which means intensity and passion. Finally, the character 气 ([[pinyin]]: ''qi''), which stands for air, is shown with 和 (pinyin: ''he''), which means peace and harmony.<ref name="cally">{{cite web |url=http://www.musogato.com/avatar/calligraphy.html |title=Distant Horizon: Avatar Calligraphy |access-date=2006-12-09 |archive-date=2007-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070108101432/http://www.musogato.com/avatar/calligraphy.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <!-- Please do not mention the 4 Classical Chinese Elements. We KNOW, they're different. Several other philosophies are too. None of them, and neither the Chinese elements, are used in the show, so mentioning any of them is of NO importance. Except to provide relevant information and greater understanding of Chinese culture.--> In addition to the use of four classical elements in the series, the fighting styles associated with each element are all taken from different styles of [[Chinese martial arts]]. The series employed Sifu Kisu of the Harmonious Fist Chinese Athletic Association as a martial arts consultant.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.harmoniousfist.com/ |title=The National Shaolin Information Resource |access-date=2006-12-02 |publisher=The Harmonious Fist Chinese Athletic Association |archive-date=2006-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061205044333/http://harmoniousfist.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Each fighting style was chosen to represent the element it projected. [[Tai chi chuan|Tai Chi]] was used for "Waterbending" in the series, and it focuses on alignment, body structure, breath, and visualization. [[Hung Ga]]r was used for "Earthbending" in the series, and was chosen for its firmly rooted stances and powerful strikes to present the solid nature of earth. [[Northern Shaolin (martial art)|Northern Shaolin]], which uses strong arm and leg movements was used for "Firebending". And [[Baguazhang|Ba Gua]], which uses dynamic circular movements and quick directional changes, was used for "Airbending".<ref name="avatar2/index.jhtml">{{cite web|url=http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/index.jhtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023195043/http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/index.jhtml|archive-date=October 23, 2007 |title=Nickelodeon's Official Avatar: The Last Airbender Flash Site |publisher=Nick.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pa-kua.com/fyi27/fyib27.htm |title=Advanced Circle Walking: Training to Fight |last=Miller |first=Dan |year=1994 |work=Pa Kua Chang Journal |publisher=The Ba Gua Zhang (Pa Kua Chang) Website of Sifu Park Bok-Nam |access-date=2008-05-07 |archive-date=2008-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509142612/http://www.pa-kua.com/fyi27/fyib27.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shenwu.com/bagua.htm |title=An Introduction to Ba Gua Zhang |last=Cartmell |first=Tim |publisher=Shen Wu Martial Arts |access-date=2008-05-07}}</ref> The only exception to these styles is [[Toph]], who can be seen practicing a [[Southern Praying Mantis (martial art)#Chu Gar|Chu Gar Southern Praying Mantis]] style.<ref name="con">{{cite web |url=http://flaming-june.org/videos/Audience%20Question%20&%20Answer%20Pt.%202.wmv |title=Audience Questions and Answer Part 2 at the San Diego Comi-con 2006 |publisher=Flaming June |access-date=2008-05-07 |archive-date=2008-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080414152845/http://flaming-june.org/videos/Audience%20Question%20%26%20Answer%20Pt.%202.wmv |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Awards== ===Nielsen ratings=== When the show first was shown it was rated the best animated television series in its demographic;<ref name="animation">{{cite web |url=http://www.animationinsider.net/article.php?articleID=1066 |title=Avatar: Season 3 |access-date=2006-12-16 |date=2006-06-30 |last=Bynum |first=Aaron H. |publisher=Animation Insider |archive-date=2012-11-05 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BwcCJWfD?url=http://www.animationinsider.net/article.php?articleID=1066 |url-status=dead }}</ref> new episodes averaged 3.1&nbsp;million viewers each.<ref name="animation"/> A one-hour special showing of "The Secret of the Fire Nation" which was shown on 15 September 2006, consisting of "The Serpent's Pass" and "The Drill", gathered an audience of 5.1&nbsp;million viewers. According to the [[Nielsen Media Research]], the special was the best performing cable television show airing in that week.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.animationinsider.net/article.php?articleID=1153 |title=Secret of the Fire Nation Ratings |access-date=2006-12-16 |date=2006-09-20 |last=Bynum |first=Aaron H. |publisher=Animation Insider |archive-date=2012-11-05 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BwcCptV0?url=http://www.animationinsider.net/article.php?articleID=1153 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2007, ''Avatar'' was syndicated to more than 105&nbsp;countries worldwide, and was one of Nickelodeon's top rated programs. The series was ranked first on Nickelodeon in [[Germany]], [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Belgium]], and [[Colombia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.viacom.com/NEWS/NewsText.aspx?RID=1077954 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080105074603/http://www.viacom.com/NEWS/NewsText.aspx?RID=1077954 |archive-date=2008-01-05 |title=Aang Is Ready to Strike Down the Fire Nation on the Darkest Day of the Year in Avatar's "Day of Black Sun" Premiering Friday, Nov. 30 on Nickelodeon |publisher=Viaco |date=2007-11-14 |access-date=2008-05-06}}</ref> The series finale, ''[[Sozin's Comet: The Final Battle]]'', received the highest ratings of the series. Its 19 July 2008 premiere averaged 5.6 million viewers, 95% more viewers than Nickelodeon had received in mid-July 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newsblaze.com/entertainment/features/nickelodeons-avatar-the-last-airbender-hits-all-time-series-high_62095/ |title=Nickelodeon's Avatar: The Last Airbender Hits All-Time Series High |publisher=News Blaze |date=2008-07-22 |access-date=2009-03-13}}</ref> During the week of 14 July, it ranked as the most-viewed program for the under-14 demographic.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/avatar-the-last-airbender/nineteen-million-tuned-in-for-21563.aspx |title=19 Million Tuned in for Special "Avatar" Week |last=Diaz |first=Glenn L. |date=29 July 2008 |publisher=Buddytv.com |access-date=2008-11-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.animationinsider.net/article.php?articleID=1794 |title=Nick's "AVATAR" Animation Series Finale Scores Big Ratings |publisher=Animationinsider.net |last=Luna |first=Kyle |access-date=2008-11-30 |archive-date=2009-03-18 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.animationinsider.net%2Farticle.php%3FarticleID%3D1794&date=2009-03-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Sozin's Comet'' also appeared on [[iTunes]]' top ten list of best-selling television episodes during that same week.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ax.itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/browserRedirect?url=itms%253A%252F%252Fax.itunes.apple.com%252FWebObjects%252FMZStore.woa%252Fwa%252FviewTVSeason%253Fi%253D285923116%2526id%253D264270811%2526s%253D143441%2526v0%253DWWW-NAUS-ITUHOME-TOPTV |title=iTunes&nbsp;— Sozin's Comet |work=[[Apple Inc.]] |access-date=2008-07-24}}</ref> ''Sozin's Comet''{{'}}s popularity affected online media as well; "Rise of the Phoenix King", a [[Nick.com]] online game based on ''Sozin's Comet'', generated almost 815,000 game plays within three days.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/article/8636 |title=Nick's Avatar Hits Ratings High |last=Ball |first=Ryan |publisher=[[Animation Magazine]] |date=2008-07-23 |access-date=2008-07-24}}</ref> ===Other awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#75b5f6;" ! Awards/Category ! Result |- | colspan="3" style="background:#f2d5a6;"| '''2005 Pulcinella Awards:'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/article.php?article_id=3902 |title=Cartoons on the Bay Picks Winners |date=2005-05-03 |first=Ryan |last=Ball |access-date=2007-12-08 |publisher=Animation Insider}}</ref> |- | Best Action/Adventure TV Series | {{won}} |- | Best TV Series | {{won}} |- | colspan="3" style="background:#f2d5a6;"| '''[[33rd Annie Awards]]:'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://annieawards.org/33rdwinners.html |title=Annie Awards: Legacy - 33rd Annual Annie Awards |date=2005-02-09 |publisher=International Animated Movie Society |access-date=2008-04-26}}</ref> |- | Best Animated Television Production | {{Nom}} |- | Storyboarding in an Animated Television Production (for the 16th episode of [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 1)|first season]] ''The Deserter'') | {{won}} |- | Writing for an Animated Television Production (for the 14th episode of first season ''The Fortuneteller'') | {{Nom}} |- | colspan="3" style="background:#f2d5a6;"| '''[[34th Annie Awards]]:'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://annieawards.org/34thwinners.html |title=Annie Awards: Legacy - 34th Annual Annie Awards |date=2006-02-09 |publisher=International Animated Movie Society |access-date=2008-04-26}}</ref> |- | Character Animation in a Television Production (for the 6th episode of second season ''The Blind Bandit'') | {{won}} |- | Directing in an Animated Television Production (for the 13th episode of second season ''The Drill'') | {{won}} |- | colspan="3" style="background:#f2d5a6;"| '''[[36th Annie Awards]]:'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://annieawards.org/foryourconsideration.html |title=2008 Annie Awards: For Your Consideration |publisher=[[Annie Awards]] |access-date=2008-12-02}}</ref> |- | Best Animated Television Production for Children | {{won}} |- | Directing in an Animated Television Production ([[Joaquim Dos Santos]] for the 20th episode of the [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 3)|thirt season]] ''[[Sozin's Comet: The Final Battle|Into the Inferno]]'') | {{won}} |- | colspan="3" style="background:#f2d5a6;"| '''2007 [[Genesis Awards]]:''' |- | Outstanding Children's Programming (for the 16th episode of [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 2)|second season]] ''Appa's Lost Days'') | {{won}} |- | colspan="3" style="background:#f2d5a6;"| '''[[Primetime Emmy Awards]]:''' |- | Outstanding Animated Program (for the 14th episode of second season ''City of Walls and Secrets'') | {{Nom}} |- | Individual Achievement Award (Sang-Jin Kim for the 17th episode of second season ''Lake Laogai'') | {{won}} |- | colspan="3" style="background:#f2d5a6;"| '''[[Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards|Nickelodeon Kid's Choice Awards]] 2008:''' |- | Favorite Cartoon<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bumpshack.com/2008/03/29/2008-nickelodeon-kids-choice-awards-winners/ |title=2008 Nickelodeon "Kids Choice Awards" Winners |date=2008-03-29 |publisher=BumpShack |access-date=2008-05-07 |archive-date=2008-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080504093735/http://bumpshack.com/2008/03/29/2008-nickelodeon-kids-choice-awards-winners/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | {{won}} |- | colspan="3" style="background:#f2d5a6;"| '''[[Annecy International Animated Movie Festival|Annecy]] 2008:''' |- | TV series ([[Joaquim Dos Santos]] for the 11th episode of third season ''The Day of Black Sun Part 2: The Eclipse'')<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.annecy.org/home/index.php?Page_ID=1875&code_categmovie=C8&titre=&realisateur= |title=Annecy 2008 - Official Selection |publisher=Annecy 2008 |access-date=2008-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416223614/https://www.annecy.org/home/index.php?Page_ID=1875&code_categmovie=C8&titre=&realisateur= |date=2009-03-14 |archive-date=2021-04-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | {{nom}} |- | colspan="3" style="background:#f2d5a6;"| '''56th [[Golden Reel Award (Motion Picture Sound Editors)|Golden Reel Awards]]:''' |- | Best Sound Editing in a Television Animation (for the 21th episode of third season ''[[Sozin's Comet: The Final Battle#Part 4: Avatar Aang|Avatar Aang]]'')<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mpse.org/goldenreels/2009awards/2009tvnominees.html |title=56th Golden Reel Awards Television Nominees |year=2009 |publisher=Motion Picture Sound Editors |access-date=2009-01-31 |archive-date=2009-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130004138/http://mpse.org/goldenreels/2009awards/2009tvnominees.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | {{Nom}} |- | colspan="3" style="background:#f2d5a6;"| '''2008 [[Peabody Award]]s:''' |- | "Unusually complex characters and healthy respect for the consequences of warfare"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.peabody.uga.edu/news/event.php?id=59|title=2008 Peabody|publisher=[[Peabody Award]]|access-date=2009-06-20|archive-date=2009-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608125014/http://www.peabody.uga.edu/news/event.php?id=59|url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{won}} |} ==Other media== ===Literature=== [[Dark Horse Comics]] released an art book titled ''Avatar: The Last Airbender&nbsp;— The Art of the Animated Series'', on 2 June 2010 which contains 184 pages of the original art and creation behind the ''Avatar'' animated series.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.darkhorse.com/Books/16-782/Avatar-The-Last-Airbender---The-Art-of-the-Animated-Series |title=Avatar: The Last Airbender&nbsp;— The Art of the Animated Series :: Profile :: Dark Horse Comics |publisher=[[Dark Horse Comics]] |access-date=2010-03-03 |archive-date=2012-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106034838/http://www.darkhorse.com/Books/16-782/Avatar-The-Last-Airbender---The-Art-of-the-Animated-Series |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===Promotion and merchandising=== [[File:Avatar Airbender MOA.jpg|thumb|The "[[Avatar Airbender]]" [[roller coaster]] at [[Mall of America]]'s [[Nickelodeon|Nickelodeon Universe]].]] ''Avatar'''s success has led to some promotional advertising with third-party companies, such as [[Burger King]] and [[Upper Deck Company|Upper Deck Entertainment]]. ''Avatar''-themed [[roller coaster]]s at [[Nickelodeon|Nickelodeon Universe]] in the [[Mall of America]] and one formerly at ''Kings Island'' also appeared. During the show's runtime, Nickelodeon published two special issues of ''[[Nickelodeon|Nick Mag Presents]]'' dedicated entirely to the show. Various members of the ''Avatar'' staff and cast appeared at the 2006 San Diego Comic-Con International convention, while Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko appeared with Martial Arts Consultant Sifu Kisu at the Pacific Media Expo on October 28, 2006. ''Avatar'' also has its own line of T-shirts, [[LEGO]] [[Lego Avatar: The Last Airbender|playsets]], toys, a trading card game,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://entertainment.upperdeck.com/avatar/en/interface.aspx |title=Avatar Trading Card Game |access-date=2010-08-14 |archive-date=2008-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080302152900/http://entertainment.upperdeck.com/avatar/en/interface.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> a [[Movie comic|cine-manga]], and three video games, as well as an [[Massively Multiplayer Online Game|MMO]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.viacom.com/news/Pages/newstext.aspx?RID=1179537 |title=Nickelodeon Unveils New Avatar Multiplayer Online Global Game in September |access-date=2008-08-01 |work=Press Release |publisher=Viacom |date=2008-07-25 |archive-date=2008-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080805153647/http://www.viacom.com/news/Pages/newstext.aspx?RID=1179537 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Mattel]]-produced action figure toy line generated some controversy with its exclusion of any female characters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oafe.net/articulation/0707.php |title=Points of Articulation: An Open Letter to Mattel |publisher=OAFE |date=2007-07-28 |access-date=2008-09-13}}</ref> Mattel came to release information stating that they have taken account of Katara's increased role within the program, and that she would be included in the figure assortment for a mid 2007 release.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://community.livejournal.com/avatar_fans/1658088.html |title=Live Journal}}</ref> The figure ultimately went unreleased, however, as the entire line was cancelled before she could be produced. Nickelodeon executives have since released optimistic plans for upcoming marketing strategies in regards to ''Avatar''. Nickelodeon President [[Cyma Zarghami]] openly stated his belief that the franchise "could become their ''[[Harry Potter]]''".<ref name="becomeharrypotter">{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/money/media/2007-09-20-avatar_N.htm |title=Nick pins hopes on Avatar |publisher=[[USA Today]] |date=2007-09-20 |access-date=2008-04-16 | first=David | last=Lieberman}}</ref> They expect consumers to spend about $121 million in 2007, rising to $254 million by 2009.<ref name="becomeharrypotter"/> The marketing plans are to be coincided with the release of the first live-action movie based on the series in 2010, which will be the first movie in a trilogy.<ref name="becomeharrypotter"/> ===Video games=== In the series of ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' based a [[video game]] trilogy: * [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (video game)|Avatar: The Last Airbender]], based on the [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 1)|first season]] of ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' * [[Avatar: The Last Airbender - The Burning Earth]], based on the [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 2)|second season]] of ''Avatar: The Last Airbender''. * [[Avatar: The Last Airbender - Into the Inferno]], based on the [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 3)|third season]] of ''Avatar: The Last Airbender''. ''Avatar: Legends of the Arena'', a video game for [[Microsoft Windows]], was launched on 25 September 2008 by [[Nickelodeon]].<ref name="Avatar spirit media">{{cite news |title=Nickelodeon Announces Avatar: The Legend of Aang |url=http://www.avatarspiritmedia.net/index.php#541 |publisher=Avatarspirit.net |access-date=2008-09-09 |archive-date=2016-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312162151/http://www.comicmix.com/2010/06/20/review-avatar-the-last-airbender-the-complete-book-1-collectors-edition/#541 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Each user is able to create their own character, choose a nation, and to interact with others across the globe.<ref name="Avatar spirit media"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Nickelodeon Launching Avatar MMORPG Worldwide In September |url=http://www.worldsinmotion.biz/2008/07/nickelodeon_launching_avatar_m.php |work=Worlds in Motion |access-date=2008-09-09 |archive-date=2008-09-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908023425/http://www.worldsinmotion.biz/2008/07/nickelodeon_launching_avatar_m.php |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.nick.com/avatarlegends/ |title=The Official LotA site on Nick.com |publisher=[[Nick.com|Nickelodeon]] |access-date=2008-09-14}}</ref> ===Movie adaptation=== {{Main|The Last Airbender}} In the series of ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' based the trilogy ''[[The Last Airbender]]'': * [[The Last Airbender]], which was released on 1 July 2010 (based on [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 1)|the first season]] of ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'') * The Last Airbender 2, which was set to be released in 2012 (based on [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 2)|the second season]] of ''Avatar: The Last Airbender''). Has been canceled due to failure to stay faithful to the source. * The Last Airbender 3, which was set to be released in 2014 (based on [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 3)|the third season]] of ''Avatar: The Last Airbender''). There is no further announcement. ==== List of actors ==== {|class="wikitable" |- !Actors!!Role |- |[[Noah Ringer]]<ref name="ewlineup">{{Cite web |title=Entertainment Weekly — Shyamalan lines up his cast for 'The Last Airbender' |url=http://hollywoodinsider.ew.com/2008/12/shyamalan-casts.html |access-date=2010-08-14 |archive-date=2009-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090703130252/http://hollywoodinsider.ew.com/2008/12/shyamalan-casts.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Aang |- |[[Jackson Rathbone]]<ref name="ewlineup" /> |Sokka |- |[[Nicola Peltz]]<ref name="ewlineup" /> |Katara |- |[[Dev Patel]]<ref>[http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117999413.html?categoryid=13&cs=1&nid=2562 Variety — Shyamalan cast floats on 'Air']</ref> |Ζuko |- |[[Shaun Toub]] |Iroh |- |[[Cliff Curtis]] |Ozai |- |[[Summer Bishil]] |Azula |} === Avatar: The Legend of Korra === {{Main|Avatar: The Legend of Korra}} A series based on ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' is currently in development at [[Nickelodeon]] and due for release in 2011.<ref name="date">{{cite web |last=Associated |first=The |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128662333 |title=Nickelodeon Sets 'Last Airbender' Spinoff For 2011 |publisher=NPR |access-date=2010-07-23 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.teenbubblegum.com/legend-of-korra-the-new-avatar-series/1575/ |title=Teenbubblegum.com = Description of ''Avatar: The Legend of Korra'' |access-date=2010-08-14 |archive-date=2010-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100801055521/http://www.teenbubblegum.com/legend-of-korra-the-new-avatar-series/1575/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> It will be created by [[Michael Dante DiMartino]] and [[Bryan Konietzko]]. the creators of ''Avatar: The Last Airbender''.<ref name="ToonZone">{{Cite web |url=http://www.toonzone.net/news/articles/33286/nickelodeon-studios-staffing-up-for-new-avatar-the-last-airbender-project |title=Nickelodeon Studios Staffing Up for New "Avatar the Last Airbender" Project |access-date=2010-08-14 |archive-date=2012-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115034400/http://www.toonzone.net/news/articles/33286/nickelodeon-studios-staffing-up-for-new-avatar-the-last-airbender-project |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://youbentmywookie.com/entertainment/rumors-of-new-avatar-the-last-airbender-animated-series-confirmed-9311 Rumors Of New ‘Avatar: The Last Airbender’ Animated Series Confirmed]</ref><ref>[http://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/?s=Avatar%3A+The+Legend+of+Korra Blogs.wsj.com = About the ''Avatar: The Legend of Korra'']</ref> The show, tentatively titled ''[[Avatar: The Legend of Korra]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100721/ap_en_tv/us_tv_legend_of_korra |title=Yahoonews = Nickelodeon sets 'Last Airbender' spinoff for 2011 |access-date=2017-08-30 |archive-date=2010-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724115919/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100721/ap_en_tv/us_tv_legend_of_korra |url-status=dead }}</ref> will be a twelve-episode [[Miniseries|mini series]] that takes place in the same [[fictional universe|universe]],<ref name=date /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.toonzone.net/news/articles/34609/sdcc2010--batman-under-the-red-hood-roundtables-pt-2-timm-greenwood-amp-romano |title=Animation News Discussion Cartoon Community - toonzone news |publisher=Toonzone.net |access-date=2010-08-03 |archive-date=2012-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017045138/http://www.toonzone.net/news/articles/34609/sdcc2010--batman-under-the-red-hood-roundtables-pt-2-timm-greenwood-amp-romano/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> 70 years after the [[Sozin's Comet: The Final Battle|defeat]] of [[Ozai|Fire Lord Ozai]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dongbufeng.net/site1/content/view/1108/188/ |title=New Avatar Series by Mike and Bryan Confirmed |access-date=2010-08-14 |archive-date=2010-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822072133/http://www.dongbufeng.net/site1/content/view/1108/188 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The development period and release dates were announced at the annual [[San Diego Comic-Con International|Comic-Con]] in [[San Diego]] on 22 July 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ugo.com/tv/avatar-legend-of-korra-details-at-comic-con |title=Avatar: Legend of Korra Details at Comic-Con? |access-date=2010-08-14 |archive-date=2010-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100711004724/http://www.ugo.com/tv/avatar-legend-of-korra-details-at-comic-con |url-status=dead }}</ref> The series will focus on Korra, a teenage female protagonist and current incarnation of the Avatar, who, according to the president of [[Nickelodeon]], will be "hotheaded, independent, and ready to take on the world".<ref name=date /> She has already mastered the elements of Water, Earth, and Fire, but needs to master Air. The character was partly inspired by Avatar Kyoshi of the original series, whom the creators say was very popular among fans.<ref name="interview">{{cite web|last=John |first=Christopher |url=http://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2010/07/21/legend-of-korra-the-creators-of-avatar-the-last-airbender-on-the-new-spinoff/ |title='Legend of Korra': The 'Avatar' Creators on the New Spinoff&nbsp;— Speakeasy&nbsp;— WSJ |publisher=Blogs.wsj.com |date=2010-07-19 |access-date=2010-07-23}}</ref> In order to avoid repetition of Aang's adventures, the creators wanted to root the show in one place, called Republic City.<ref name=interview /> A concept drawing of the city, released with the announcement of the series, shows the city's design as inspired by [[Shanghai]] in the 1920s and 1930s, [[Hong Kong]], [[Manhattan]], and [[Vancouver]].<ref name=interview /> In the show, Korra will have to learn Airbending from master Tenzin, son of [[Avatar]] [[Aang]] and [[Katara]],<ref name=interview /> and contend with an anti-bender revolution taking place in the city.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nickelodeon Greenlights New Series From the Creators of the Animated Television Hit Avatar: The Last Airbender |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/nickelodeon-greenlights-new-series-from-the-creators-of-the-animated-television-hit-avatar-the-last-airbender-98925659.html |date=2010-07-21 |access-date=2010-07-21}}</ref> While not targeting a different demographic than ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'',<ref name=interview /> Michael and Bryan have stated that the show won't cover more mature subject material necessarily, just different mature subjects, "It won't be another war, but a different sort of conflict."<ref name="plot">{{cite web |last=Fitzpatrick |first=Kevin |url=http://www.ugo.com/tv/comic-con-2010-legend-of-korra-interview |title=Comic-Con 2010: The Legend of Korra Interview |publisher=UGO.com |date=2010-07-26 |access-date=2010-08-03 |archive-date=2013-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524032316/http://www.ugo.com/tv/comic-con-2010-legend-of-korra-interview |url-status=dead }}</ref> The creators also explained that there would be some "cheesy teen romance" for the main character, Korra.<ref name=plot /> At the 2010 Comic-Con, it was revealed that the creators will continue to work with [[Joaquim Dos Santos]] and Ryuki Hung on the animation and design of the show.<ref name=plot /> The creators also confirmed that they will directly write all twelve episodes, explaining that as a mini-series, episode fillers will be omitted, allowing for a "really tight" and "cool" story.<ref name=plot /> In late July, [[Jeremy Zuckerman]], composer of the original series, was confirmed to be returning to score ''The Legend of Korra''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Patches |first=Matt |url=http://www.ugo.com/tv/comic-con-2010-avatar-airbender-composer-confirmed-for-legend-of-korra |title=Airbender Composer Zuckerman Confirmed for Legend of Korra |publisher=UGO.com |date=2010-07-22 |access-date=2010-08-03 |archive-date=2010-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726133521/http://www.ugo.com/tv/comic-con-2010-avatar-airbender-composer-confirmed-for-legend-of-korra |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Live action remake === {{main|Avatar: The Last Airbender (upcoming TV series)}} A [[Avatar: The Last Airbender (upcoming TV series)|live action remake]] is in the works for [[Netflix]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Petski|first=Denise|date=2021-08-12|title='Avatar: The Last Airbender': Netflix Live-Action Adaptation Sets Main Cast, Creative Team|url=https://deadline.com/2021/08/avatar-the-last-airbender-netflix-live-action-adaptation-cast-albert-kim-showrunner-dan-lin-rideback-1234813459/|access-date=2021-08-12|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812143114/https://deadline.com/2021/08/avatar-the-last-airbender-netflix-live-action-adaptation-cast-albert-kim-showrunner-dan-lin-rideback-1234813459/|url-status=live}}</ref> Production and filming began in [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]] on November 16, 2021. It ended on June 17, 2022.<ref name="Wrapped">{{Cite web|date=2022-06-28|title='Avatar: The Last Airbender' Season 1: Filming Wraps on Live-Action Series|url=https://collider.com/avatar-the-last-airbender-season-1-live-action-filming-wrap-netflix/|access-date=2022-06-29|website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629021757/https://collider.com/avatar-the-last-airbender-season-1-live-action-filming-wrap-netflix/|url-status=live}}</ref>\<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-18|title=Netflix's Avatar: The Last Airbender Reportedly Starts Filming In November|url=https://screenrant.com/avatar-last-airbender-netflix-show-filming-update-november/|access-date=2021-07-20|website=ScreenRant|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720030043/https://screenrant.com/avatar-last-airbender-netflix-show-filming-update-november/|url-status=live}}</ref>\<ref name="WorkingTitle">{{cite web |date=November 18, 2021 |title=Production Weekly – Issue 1273 – Thursday, November 18, 2021 / 114 Listings – 26 Pages |url=https://www.productionweekly.com/production-weekly-issue-1273-thursday-november-18-2021-114-listings-26-pages/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118170758/https://www.productionweekly.com/production-weekly-issue-1273-thursday-november-18-2021-114-listings-26-pages/ |archive-date=November 18, 2021 |access-date=November 18, 2021 |website=Production Weekly}}</ref> Stewart Whelan served as a cinematographer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stewart Whelan |url=https://www.murthaskouras.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Whelan-Stewart.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530134118/https://www.murthaskouras.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Whelan-Stewart.pdf |archive-date=May 30, 2022 |access-date=May 30, 2022 |agency=Murtha Skouras Agency}}</ref> ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category|Avatar: The Last Airbender}} {{wikiquote|Avatar: The Last Airbender}} * {{Official website|http://www.nick.com/shows/avatar/}} * {{wikia|avatar|Avatar Wiki}} * {{imdb title | id=0417299 | title=Avatar: The Last Airbender}} {{Avatar: The Last Airbender}} [[Category:Avatar: The Last Airbender| ]] [[Category:American animated television series| ]] [[Category:Nickelodeon television series]] [[Category:Nicktoons]] [[category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:Peabody Award winners]] [[Category:American Emmy Award winners]] [[Category:English-language television programs]] [[Category:2005 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2008 television series endings]] cb0ud7603xal9ypdq3vb0gzh8y88hkh 0 64775 10369056 10326425 2025-07-03T06:18:06Z 103.76.154.72 01732535451 10369056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox number |number = 1000000}} '''1,000,000''' ('''1000000''', '''one million''' or '''one thousand thousand''' or '''million''' or '''thousand thousand''' for short) is a natural number between 999,999 and 1,00 0,001. The name is derived from Italian, where {{nobr|"''mille''"}} was 1,000, and 1,000,000 became a "''milione''", as "a large thousand". ==Overview== In [[scientific notation]], the number is written as 10<sup>6</sup>. Physical [[Quantity|quantities]] can also be [[Explanation|explained]] using the [[SI]] [[prefix]] {{nobr|"mega-"}} when using [[International System of Units|SI units]]. For [[example]], 1 megawatt is 1,000,000 [[Watt|watts]] (W). The word "million" is common to both the [[Long and short scales|short-scale and long-scale]] numbering systems, unlike the larger numbers, which have different names in the two systems. The million is sometimes used in [[English language|English]] as a [[metaphor]] for a very large number, as in "Never in a million years" and "You're one in a million", or as [[hyperbole]], as in "I have walked a million [[Mile|miles]]". ==Examples== * A [[millionaire]] is someone who owns at least one million or more units of [[currency]] * In [[computer science]] a [[megabyte]] is equal to a million [[Byte|bytes]], or 1,048,576 (1,024<sup>2</sup>). * In [[measurement]], there are a million [[Millimeter|millimeters]] in a [[kilometer]]. There are a million [[Metre|meters]] in a [[megameter]]. (A person who travels completely around earth's equator travels 40 [[Megameter|megameters]]). Also, the speed of light travels a million kilometers in around 3 [[Second|seconds]] * ''Il Milione'' is the title of [[Marco Polo]]'s narration of his travels in [[Ancient China|China]]. The name is supposed to come from Polo's [[nickname]] after his [[Stories|tales]] of riches and multitudes. [[Category:Integers|1000000]] 94qla5rsj48x367ze60fmkt0n1ympn8 0 64840 10368097 9892028 2025-07-02T18:54:04Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Main characters */ US-EN 10368097 wikitext text/x-wiki {{More citations needed}} {{Infobox television | image = Jimmy Neutron Boy Genius logo.svg | caption = | genre = {{Plainlist| * [[Comedy]] * [[Science fiction]] * [[Action (fiction)|Action]]/Adventure }} | runtime = 22 minutes | creator = [[John A. Davis]]<br>[[Steve Oedekerk]] | writer = <!--See Template:Infobox television instructions. We do not use this field if there are 5+ writers, which there are.--> | director = {{Plainlist| * Keith Alcorn * Mike Gasaway * Kirby Atkins }} | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Debi Derryberry]] * [[Rob Paulsen]] * [[Jeffrey Garcia]] * [[Frank Welker]] * [[Carolyn Lawrence]] * [[Crystal Scales]] }} | theme_music_composer = [[Brian Causey]] | composer = Charlie Brissette | producer = {{Plainlist| * Keith Alcorn * John A. Davis * Paul Marshal }} | executive_producer = Steve Oedekerk | editor = {{Plainlist| * Jon Price * John Wahba * Joe E. Elwood }} | country = United States | company = {{Plainlist| * [[O Entertainment]] * [[DNA Productions]] * [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] }} | network = [[Nickelodeon]] | first_aired = {{Start date|2002|7|20}} | last_aired = {{End date|2006|11|25}} | num_seasons = 3 | num_episodes = 61 | list_episodes = List of The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius episodes }} '''''The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius''''' is an [[United States|American]] [[computer animation|computer animated]] [[television programme|television series]]. It was shown on the [[Nickelodeon]] [[television network]] until 2006 (with re-runs airing from April–June 2010 and again in January–May 2011) and currently on [[Nicktoons]]. It is a [[spinoff]] of the 2001 film, ''[[Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius]]'' and later got its own spinoff starring Sheen Estevez called ''[[Planet Sheen]]'' which became its own series in October 2, 2010. The series is about a young [[genius]] named [[Jimmy Neutron (character)|Jimmy Neutron]] (James Isaac Neutron) who [[experiment]]s with [[laboratory equipment]] which causes trouble to Retroville. He often has to undo the problems this creates. ==Characters == ===Main characters=== * '''[[Jimmy Neutron (character)|Jimmy Neutron (James Isaac Neutron)]]''' is the main character of the series. He is an eleven-year old genius with an IQ of 210. His friends are Carl [[Weezer|Wheezer]] and Sheen Estevez * '''Goddard''' is Jimmy's mechanical canine pet. He helps him on his destructive tasks he has accidentally done to Retroville. * '''[[Carl Wheezer|Carl Wheezer (Carlton Ulysses Wheezer)]]''' is an overweight friend of Jimmy who is obsessed with [[llama]]s. * '''Sheen Estevez (Ramon Guevera Estevez)''' is one of Jimmy's best friends who is [[hyperactive]] with very little attention span. He is obsessed with a character known as Ultra Lord, even going so far as to write the entire Ultra Lord website on the Internet. * '''Cindy Vortex (Cynthia Aurora Vortex)''' is Jimmy's rival and love interest. She constantly is rude to Jimmy and calls him names like "nerdtron". In the third and final season, they began to be with each other and love one another. {{nickshows}} {{The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius, The}} [[Category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:2000s American children's television series]] [[Category:Nickelodeon television series]] [[Category:Nicktoons]] [[Category:The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius| ]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:2002 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2006 American television series endings]] {{tv-stub}} 84utlbrvtff99yc833yvvrsiiotfyxk 0 68919 10367849 10360242 2025-07-02T16:06:20Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: Remove 2 notifications (When checking links to [[The Simpsons shorts]]) 10367849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox movie | name = '''The Simpsons Movie''' | image = File:SimpsonsSpringfieldVT.jpg | caption = | director = [[David Silverman]] | producer = [[James L. Brooks]]<br>[[Matt Groening]]<br>[[Al Jean]]<br>[[Mike Scully]]<br>[[Richard Sakai]] | writer = James L. Brooks<br>Matt Groening<br>Al Jean<br>[[Ian Maxtone-Graham]]<br>[[George Meyer]]<br>[[David Mirkin]]<br>[[Mike Reiss]]<br>Mike Scully<br>[[Matt Selman]]<br>[[John Swartzwelder]]<br>[[Jon Vitti]] | based_on = {{based on|''[[The Simpsons]]''|Matt Groening<br>James L. Brooks<br>[[Sam Simon]]}} | starring = [[Dan Castellaneta]]<br>[[Julie Kavner]]<br>[[Nancy Cartwright]]<br>[[Yeardley Smith]]<br>[[Hank Azaria]]<br>[[Harry Shearer]]<br>[[Pamela Hayden]]<br>[[Tress MacNeille]]<br>[[Albert Brooks]] | music = [[Hans Zimmer]]<br>[[Danny Elfman]] {{small|(Theme)}} | editing = [[John Carnochan]] | studio = '''Production''':<br>[[Gracie Films]]<br>'''Animation''':<br>[[Film Roman]]<br>[[Rough Draft Studios|Rough Draft Feature Animation]]<br>[[AKOM]] | distributor = [[20th Century Fox]] | released = {{Film date|2007|7|26|international|2007|7|27|United States}} | runtime = 86 minutes<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/AFF223589|title=The Simpsons Movie|date=2007-06-14|accessdate=2010-08-09|publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification|BBFC]]}}</ref> | country = United States | language = English | budget = $75 million | gross = $527,071,022 }} '''''The Simpsons Movie''''' is a 2007 [[animation|animated]] [[comedy movie]]. It is based on the [[television programme]] ''[[The Simpsons]]''. The movie is mainly about [[environment]]al [[disaster]]. The movie features the main television voices of [[Dan Castellaneta]], [[Julie Kavner]], [[Nancy Cartwright]], [[Yeardley Smith]], [[Hank Azaria]], and [[Harry Shearer]]. On February 17, 2017, ''The Simpsons Movie'' aired on Teletoon at Night Is Rated PG for violence, sexual themes, and swearing, On February 17, 2017 ''The Simpsons Movie'' aired on Teletoon's nighttime programming block, Teletoon at Night. == Plot == [[Homer Simpson|Homer]] ([[Dan Castellaneta]]) adopts a [[pig]], which he names Spider Pig, a [[parody]] of [[Spiderman]]. [[Lisa Simpson|Lisa]] ([[Yeardley Smith]]) starts a campaign with a new boy named Colin ([[Tress MacNeille]]), who is [[Ireland|Irish]]. They want to stop the people of Springfield from dumping in the [[lake]]. Everyone agrees to this and the lake is cleared up. [[Marge Simpson|Marge]] ([[Julie Kavner]]) questions Homer about Spider pigs '[[feces|leavings]]'. He says he has put them in a [[silo]]. This causes Marge to say "Get rid of the silo properly." Homer agrees to this, and Marge says he is allowed to take Spider Pig with him. To which Homer tells Marge "He's not Spider Pig anymore, he's Harry Plopper". This is based on [[Harry Potter]]. The pig even has the [[lightning]] bolt scar and the thick glasses, just like Harry Potter. Homer drives to the [[waste]] site to get rid of the silo. Homer's friend and co-worker Lenny ([[Harry Shearer]]) calls him from a [[donut]] store and tells him that they are giving out free donuts. Homer, with his love for donuts, tries to find a different way to getting rid of his silo. He then drives to the now clean lake. He ignores the "No Dumping" signs and dumps the silo into the lake. The lake then bubbles up and turns into a toxic poison. ==Cast== * [[Dan Castellaneta]] as [[Homer Simpson]], [[Abe Simpson]], [[Groundskeeper Willie]], [[Krusty the Clown]], [[Mr. Teeny]], [[Sideshow Mel]], [[Mayor Quimby]], [[EPA]] Officer, [[List of The Simpsons characters#Other characters|Itchy]], [[Barney Gumble]], [[Hans Moleman]], [[Blue Haired Lawyer|Burns's Lawyer]], [[Rich Texan]] * [[Julie Kavner]] as [[Marge Simpson]], [[Patty and Selma|Patty Bouvier, and Selma Bouvier]] * [[Nancy Cartwright]] as [[Bart Simpson]], [[Maggie Simpson]], [[Nelson Muntz]], [[Ralph Wiggum]], [[Todd Flanders]], TV Daughter * [[Yeardley Smith]] as [[Lisa Simpson]] * [[Hank Azaria]] as [[Moe Szyslak]], [[Apu Nahasapeemapetilon]], [[Comic Book Guy]], [[Cletus Spuckler]], [[Lenny and Carl|Carl]], [[Bumblebee Man]], [[List of The Simpsons characters#Dr. Nick Rivera|Dr. Nick]], [[Chief Wiggum]], [[Professor Frink]], [[Captain McCallister]], Officer Lou * [[Harry Shearer]] as [[Mr. Burns]], [[Waylon Smithers|Smithers]], [[Ned Flanders]], [[Rainier Wolfcastle]], [[Reverend Lovejoy]], [[Lenny and Carl|Lenny]], [[Dr. Hibbert]], [[Kent Brockman]], [[Seymour Skinner]], [[Otto Mann]], President [[Arnold Schwarzenegger|Schwarzenegger]], Skull * [[Pamela Hayden]] as [[Milhouse Van Houten]], [[Rod Flanders]], [[Jimbo Jones]] * [[Tress MacNeille]] as Medicine Woman, Colin, [[Plopper]], [[Cookie Kwan]], [[List of The Simpsons characters#Lindsey Neagle|Lindsey Neagle]], [[Agnes Skinner]], TV Son, [[Mrs. Muntz]], [[Crazy Cat Lady|Elly]] * [[Marcia Wallace]] as [[Edna Krabappel]] * [[Russi Taylor]] as [[Martin Prince]] * [[Maggie Roswell]] as [[Helen Lovejoy]], [[Elizabeth Hoover|Miss Hoover]] * [[Albert Brooks]] as [[Russ Cargill]] (credited as 'A. Brooks') * [[Karl Wiedergott]] as Man, [[EPA]] Officer * [[Philip Rosenthal|Phil Rosenthal]] as TV Dad * [[Joe Mantegna]] as [[Fat Tony (The Simpsons)|Fat Tony]] * [[Green Day]] as Themselves * [[Tom Hanks]] as Himself * [[Emma Thompson]] as Street Mother * [[Linda Larkin]] as Charlotte Pickles * [[David Spade]] as Himself * [[Cheryl Chase]] as [[Angelica Pickles]] * [[Wallace Shawn]] as Drew Pickles * [[David Ogden Stiers]] as [[Oscar the Grouch]] == Other websites == {{wikiquote-inline}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{The Simpsons}} {{20th Century Fox Animation}} {{Movie-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Simpsons Movie}} [[Category:2007 animated movies]] [[Category:2007 comedy movies]] [[Category:American animated movies]] [[Category:American comedy movies]] [[Category:The Simpsons]] [[Category:Movies based on TV series]] [[Category:2000s English-language movies]] [[Category:Adult animated movies]] [[Category:Movies about dysfunctional families]] [[Category:20th Century Fox movies]] [[Category:Movies composed by Hans Zimmer]] momkg4i9web3sh1mshu32ntzb1u69o6 0 70524 10369413 10355571 2025-07-03T11:11:54Z 180.150.36.182 10369413 wikitext text/x-wiki The word '''psychedelic''' is a word invented in the [[20th century]] by joining the Greek words for "mind," ψυχή (psyche), and "manifest," δήλος (delos). A person in a "psychedelic state" is supposed to be able to feel new ways of looking at his mind that were unknown to him before. This can be caused by taking psychedelic [[drug]]s, like [[LSD]]. In medicine, the new feelings a patient has when he is in psychedelic state are called [[hallucination]]s and [[synesthesia]]; these are also seen in patients with [[psychosis]]. ==Related pages== * Psychedelic art * Psychedelic rock {{med-stub}} [[Category:Psychoactive drugs]] ljncjyvnnv0g9gjirg7rhxwltdw2b41 0 71717 10367843 10355746 2025-07-02T15:59:25Z CallumBen13 1611993 /* Shorts */ 10367843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:''The Simpsons'' shorts}} '''''The Simpsons'' shorts''' are a [[series]] of one-minute [[television show|television shorts]] that ran on the variety show ''[[The Tracey Ullman Show]]'' for three [[season]]s. The shorts were created by [[cartoonist]] [[Matt Groening]]. == Shorts == === Season 1: 1987 === {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" |# ! style="background-color: #fada00" |Airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" |Title |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |1 - 101 |April 19, 1987 |"[[Good Night]]" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Marge and Homer say goodnight to their kids but all does not go to plan. Bart philosophically contemplates (first time and last) the wonders of the mind, Lisa hears Marge say "don't let the bed bugs bite" and fears that her bed bugs will eat her, and Maggie is traumatized by the lyrics of "rock-a-bye-baby" {{anchor|Watching Television}} |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |2 - 102 |May 3, 1987 |"Watching Television" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart and Lisa quarrel over what channel they should watch. Repeatedly Maggie comes up to the television and changes the channel. The only thing they eventually agree on is to stop Maggie changing the channel. Later Homer is saying a speech about family matters and stops when the show comes back on. {{anchor|Bart Jumps}} |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |3 - 103 |May 10, 1987 |"Bart Jumps" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Homer makes several attempts to have Bart jump into his arms. Each time Bart jumps Homer is distracted and fails to catch him. {{anchor|Babysitting Maggie}} |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |4 - 104 |May 31, 1987 |"Babysitting Maggie" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Marge puts Bart and Lisa in charge of babysitting Maggie. They totally ignore her, and she receives an electric shock, falls down the stairs and chases a butterfly onto the roof only to fall off the roof. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |5 - 105 |June 21, 1987 |"The Pacifier" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart and Lisa take Maggie's pacifier away to stop her from sucking on it. Maggie has an entire drawerful of them and refuses to kick the habit. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |6 - 106 |June 28, 1987 |"Burp Contest" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart, Lisa and Maggie compete in a contest to see who can make the most disgusting burp. Marge objects several times, but was no use. When Homer comes home, he makes the most disgusting burp ever. The kids then congratulate him, much to Marge's disapproval. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |7 - 107 |July 12, 1987 |"Eating Dinner" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Marge serves the family dinner and the family sits down for the meal. Marge insists that family should have table manners, but the family's crude eating habits are hard to stop. |} === Season 2: 1987-1988 === {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" |# ! style="background-color: #fada00" |Airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" |Title |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |8 - 201 |September 22, 1987 |"Making Faces" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |The kids make scary faces at each other. Marge warns them that if they make scary faces, the faces will stay there forever. This warning has the opposite effect. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |9 - 202 |October 4, 1987 |"The Funeral" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Uncle Hubert is dead and the family attends his funeral. Bart is determined to see his uncle's corpse, but faints when he glances into the coffin. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |10 - 203 |October 11, 1987 |"What Maggie's Thinking" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart and Lisa wonder what's inside Maggie's mind when looking at her in her crib. Maggie sees them as demons and later as infants with her being the grown up. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |11 - 204 |October 18, 1987 |"Football" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Homer promises the kids chocolate milkshakes if Bart can catch one of his father's long football passes. Unfortunately, there are many obstacles to overcome, but Bart finally manages to catch the football, only with his mouth. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |12 - 205 |October 25, 1987 |"House of Cards" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart tries to make a house of cards, but Lisa and Maggie make noises that cause the house to fall every time. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |13 - 206 |November 1, 1987 |"Bart and Homer's Dinner" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |The girls are out watching a ballet and Homer is in charge of the dinner. Bart cannot stomach it when he is forced to eat a mix of fish nuggets and pork-a-roni. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |14 - 207 |November 8, 1987 |"Space Patrol" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart, Lisa and Maggie play a game of "Space Patrol" while Homer and Marge are out. Lisa plays a superhero with Maggie as her sidekick, while Bart puts a jug on his head with the pretense of it being the helmet of an alien warlord. However, his head gets stuck in the jug and Lisa "frees" Bart using a croquet mallet. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |15 - 208 |November 15, 1987 |"Bart's Haircut" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart's hair is too long and he is sent to a barber. His hair cut is too short and he tries multiple ways to hide it. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |16 - 209 |November 22, 1987 |"World War III" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" | Homer wakes up the family to practice for a nuclear drill. After multiple drills the family gets tired of him and traps him in the basement. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |17 - 210 |December 13, 1987 |"The Perfect Crime" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Marge bakes a batch of delicious cookies and Bart attempts to steal them, when everyone except him and Maggie leave the kitchen. Homer and Marge come back to find the tray empty, but Maggie guides them along a trail of cookies running across the floor. The family catches Bart lying on his back in his bedroom amidst a pile of cookie crumbs. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |18 - 211 |December 20, 1987 |"Scary Stories" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart tells Lisa and Maggie a series of scary stories in the dark only to believe they're coming true. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |19 - 212 |January 10, 1988 |"Grampa and the Kids" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Grampa tells the kids stories from the good old days. When the kids stop paying attention to him, he feigns his own death to recapture their attention. The short marks the first speaking appearance of [[Abraham Simpson]]. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |20 - 213 |January 24, 1988 |"Gone Fishin'" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart and Homer go on a fishing trip. Homer asks Bart for a bologna sandwich, but Bart forgot the bologna. He puts the bait on the sandwich instead. When they get the boat in the water they hit rapids and later fall off of a waterfall. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |21 - 214 |February 7, 1988 |"Skateboarding" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart teaches his sisters how to skateboard, but is outdone every time he tries to show off. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |22 - 215 |February 14, 1988 |"The Pagans" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" | When the family is on their way to church, the kids declares themselves pagans. After the car breaks down in the nature, the kids start acting like pagans much to Homer's disliking. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |23 - 216 |February 21, 1988 |"Closeted" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart tries to avoid to doing chores and ends up hiding in the closet. He finds himself locked in and must find a way to bust out. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |24 - 217 |February 28, 1988 |"The Aquarium" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Homer takes Bart, Lisa and Maggie to the aquarium. Bart finds a way to get into the shark tank and swims with a shark. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |25 - 218 |March 6, 1988 |"Family Portrait" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Homer has trouble taking a normal family portrait. Every time they are close to a good picture the family sabotages the shot. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |26 - 219 |March 13, 1988 |"Bart's Hiccups" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Lisa and Maggie try to cure Bart's hiccups. The cure is some rather unorthodox methods. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |27 - 220 |March 20, 1988 |"The Money Jar" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Marge warns the kids that they should not steal from the money jar. Bart, Lisa and Maggie tries to fight the temptation of stealing the money. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |28 - 221 |May 1, 1988 |"The Art Museum" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |The Simpsons go to an art museum. Bart stares at a nude painting and Lisa plays with an ancient vase. Marge realizes that the kids are too young to appreciate fine arts. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |29 - 222 |May 8, 1988 |"Zoo Story" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |The family goes to the zoo and find a lot of similarities between them and the monkeys. Homer unwisely teases a monkey at the zoo and gets a face full of poo for his trouble. |} === Season 3: 1988-1989 === {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" |# ! style="background-color: #fada00" |Airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" |Title |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |30 - 301 |November 6, 1988 |"Shut Up Simpsons" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Maggie squeaks her toy, which causes a chain reaction of anger in the family. An attempt for reconciliation leads to even more anger. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |31 - 302 |November 13, 1988 |"Shell Game" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart tries to hide one of the cookies he stole from the jar by distracting his parents with the shell game. Although his plan seems to succeed, he is bested by Maggie, who then eats the cookie. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |32 - 303 |November 20, 1988 |"The Bart Simpson Show" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" | The kids are watching TV and Homer tells them to stop watching "Itchy and Scratchy" because it's "too violent".Unable to watch cartoons Bart puts on his own show, which eventually angers Homer even more. Note: First appearance of [[Itchy & Scratchy]]. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |33 - 304 |November 27, 1988 |"Punching Bag" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart and Lisa take out their frustrations on a punching bag with a face of Homer on it. When Homer commands Marge to make the kids stop, he later finds her punching the bag. Nte: This is the first time Homer says [[D'oh!|D'oh]]. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |34 - 305 |December 18, 1988 |"Simpson Xmas" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart tells a story of a traditional Christmas in the Simpson family in the style of "The Night Before Christmas". |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |35 - 306 |January 1, 1989 |"The Krusty the Clown Show" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |The kids get to see Krusty's show live for the first time. Bart notices that it is an impostor and exposes it on television, much to his parents' dismay. Note: First appearance of [[Krusty the Clown]]. |-bgcolor="#fff4a7" |36 - 307 |January 29, 1989 |"Bart the Hero" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Sent out to exercise, Bart foils a robbery attempt. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |37 - 308 |February 5, 1989 |"Bart's Little Fantasy" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |After the kids are ordered to clean their room by Homer and Marge; Bart tells a story about large kids who throw their small parents into a small room. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |38 - 309 |February 12, 1989 |"Scary Movie" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart, Lisa and Maggie go to the movie to see "The Return of the Happy Little Elves" (much to Bart's dismay), but Bart convinces the girls to see "Revenge of the Space Mutants" instead. However, Bart ends up being scared by it, and Lisa and Maggie attempted to comfort him. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |39 - 310 |February 19, 1989 |"Home Hypnotism" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Homer tries hypnosis to calm down his crazy kids. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |40 - 311 |February 26, 1989 |"Shoplifting" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart tries to steal chocolate from the Supermarket, but gets caught. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |41 - 312 |March 12, 1989 |"Echo Canyon" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |The family drives to Echo Canyon, takes turns making echoes, and Bart almost makes a boulder crunch the family car. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |42 - 313 |March 19, 1989 |"Bathtime" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Homer makes Bart take his "Sunday Night Bath", only to flood the bathroom. At that rate, Homer angrily goes after Bart. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |43 - 314 |April 2, 1989 |"Bart's Nightmare" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |In this sequel to "Shell Game", Bart has a nightmare after eating every single cookie from the cookie jar. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |44 - 315 |April 16, 1989 |"Bart of the Jungle" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |The kids swing from the trees off Homer's ties, and Homer, who is angered by this, ends up being in their trap made by his ties. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |45 - 316 |April 23, 1989 |"Family Therapy" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Homer takes the family to a psychologist, but to no avail. * |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |46 - 317 |April 30, 1989 |"Maggie in Peril: Chapter One" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |After Maggie accidentally kicks her ball on Bart's face, he kicks it out of sight and she takes off to retrieve it back. (To be Continued...) |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |47 - 318 |May 7, 1989 |"Maggie in Peril: The Thrilling Conclusion" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" | Part 2. Maggie floats in the air hanging on to balloons and lands safely back in her playpen. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |48 - 319 |May 14, 1989 |"TV Simpsons" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Homer attempts to fix the television antenna on the roof, but he ends up falling from the roof. |- bgcolor="fff4a7"} |} ==Related pages== * [[The Simpsons]] * [[The Tracey Ullman Show]] == References == {{reflist|2}} ==Other websites== *{{IMDb title|12294152}} {{The Simpsons}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Simpsons shorts}} [[Category:The Simpsons]] 8wqew67l76dqbjwtuhrqhk4f86mpwe4 10367846 10367843 2025-07-02T16:02:34Z CallumBen13 1611993 /* Shorts */ 10367846 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:''The Simpsons'' shorts}} '''''The Simpsons'' shorts''' are a [[series]] of one-minute [[television show|television shorts]] that ran on the variety show ''[[The Tracey Ullman Show]]'' for three [[season]]s. The shorts were created by [[cartoonist]] [[Matt Groening]]. == Shorts == === Season 1: 1987 === {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" |# ! style="background-color: #fada00" |Airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" |Title |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |1 - 101 |April 19, 1987 |"[[Good Night]]" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Marge and Homer say goodnight to their kids but all does not go to plan. Bart philosophically contemplates (first time and last) the wonders of the mind, Lisa hears Marge say "don't let the bed bugs bite" and fears that her bed bugs will eat her, and Maggie is traumatized by the lyrics of "rock-a-bye-baby" |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" {{anchor|Watching Television}} |2 - 102 |May 3, 1987 |"Watching Television" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart and Lisa quarrel over what channel they should watch. Repeatedly Maggie comes up to the television and changes the channel. The only thing they eventually agree on is to stop Maggie changing the channel. Later Homer is saying a speech about family matters and stops when the show comes back on. {{anchor|Bart Jumps}} |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |3 - 103 |May 10, 1987 |"Bart Jumps" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Homer makes several attempts to have Bart jump into his arms. Each time Bart jumps Homer is distracted and fails to catch him. {{anchor|Babysitting Maggie}} |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |4 - 104 |May 31, 1987 |"Babysitting Maggie" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Marge puts Bart and Lisa in charge of babysitting Maggie. They totally ignore her, and she receives an electric shock, falls down the stairs and chases a butterfly onto the roof only to fall off the roof. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |5 - 105 |June 21, 1987 |"The Pacifier" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart and Lisa take Maggie's pacifier away to stop her from sucking on it. Maggie has an entire drawerful of them and refuses to kick the habit. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |6 - 106 |June 28, 1987 |"Burp Contest" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart, Lisa and Maggie compete in a contest to see who can make the most disgusting burp. Marge objects several times, but was no use. When Homer comes home, he makes the most disgusting burp ever. The kids then congratulate him, much to Marge's disapproval. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |7 - 107 |July 12, 1987 |"Eating Dinner" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Marge serves the family dinner and the family sits down for the meal. Marge insists that family should have table manners, but the family's crude eating habits are hard to stop. |} === Season 2: 1987-1988 === {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" |# ! style="background-color: #fada00" |Airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" |Title |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |8 - 201 |September 22, 1987 |"Making Faces" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |The kids make scary faces at each other. Marge warns them that if they make scary faces, the faces will stay there forever. This warning has the opposite effect. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |9 - 202 |October 4, 1987 |"The Funeral" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Uncle Hubert is dead and the family attends his funeral. Bart is determined to see his uncle's corpse, but faints when he glances into the coffin. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |10 - 203 |October 11, 1987 |"What Maggie's Thinking" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart and Lisa wonder what's inside Maggie's mind when looking at her in her crib. Maggie sees them as demons and later as infants with her being the grown up. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |11 - 204 |October 18, 1987 |"Football" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Homer promises the kids chocolate milkshakes if Bart can catch one of his father's long football passes. Unfortunately, there are many obstacles to overcome, but Bart finally manages to catch the football, only with his mouth. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |12 - 205 |October 25, 1987 |"House of Cards" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart tries to make a house of cards, but Lisa and Maggie make noises that cause the house to fall every time. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |13 - 206 |November 1, 1987 |"Bart and Homer's Dinner" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |The girls are out watching a ballet and Homer is in charge of the dinner. Bart cannot stomach it when he is forced to eat a mix of fish nuggets and pork-a-roni. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |14 - 207 |November 8, 1987 |"Space Patrol" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart, Lisa and Maggie play a game of "Space Patrol" while Homer and Marge are out. Lisa plays a superhero with Maggie as her sidekick, while Bart puts a jug on his head with the pretense of it being the helmet of an alien warlord. However, his head gets stuck in the jug and Lisa "frees" Bart using a croquet mallet. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |15 - 208 |November 15, 1987 |"Bart's Haircut" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart's hair is too long and he is sent to a barber. His hair cut is too short and he tries multiple ways to hide it. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |16 - 209 |November 22, 1987 |"World War III" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" | Homer wakes up the family to practice for a nuclear drill. After multiple drills the family gets tired of him and traps him in the basement. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |17 - 210 |December 13, 1987 |"The Perfect Crime" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Marge bakes a batch of delicious cookies and Bart attempts to steal them, when everyone except him and Maggie leave the kitchen. Homer and Marge come back to find the tray empty, but Maggie guides them along a trail of cookies running across the floor. The family catches Bart lying on his back in his bedroom amidst a pile of cookie crumbs. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |18 - 211 |December 20, 1987 |"Scary Stories" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart tells Lisa and Maggie a series of scary stories in the dark only to believe they're coming true. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |19 - 212 |January 10, 1988 |"Grampa and the Kids" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Grampa tells the kids stories from the good old days. When the kids stop paying attention to him, he feigns his own death to recapture their attention. The short marks the first speaking appearance of [[Abraham Simpson]]. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |20 - 213 |January 24, 1988 |"Gone Fishin'" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart and Homer go on a fishing trip. Homer asks Bart for a bologna sandwich, but Bart forgot the bologna. He puts the bait on the sandwich instead. When they get the boat in the water they hit rapids and later fall off of a waterfall. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |21 - 214 |February 7, 1988 |"Skateboarding" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart teaches his sisters how to skateboard, but is outdone every time he tries to show off. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |22 - 215 |February 14, 1988 |"The Pagans" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" | When the family is on their way to church, the kids declares themselves pagans. After the car breaks down in the nature, the kids start acting like pagans much to Homer's disliking. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |23 - 216 |February 21, 1988 |"Closeted" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart tries to avoid to doing chores and ends up hiding in the closet. He finds himself locked in and must find a way to bust out. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |24 - 217 |February 28, 1988 |"The Aquarium" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Homer takes Bart, Lisa and Maggie to the aquarium. Bart finds a way to get into the shark tank and swims with a shark. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |25 - 218 |March 6, 1988 |"Family Portrait" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Homer has trouble taking a normal family portrait. Every time they are close to a good picture the family sabotages the shot. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |26 - 219 |March 13, 1988 |"Bart's Hiccups" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Lisa and Maggie try to cure Bart's hiccups. The cure is some rather unorthodox methods. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |27 - 220 |March 20, 1988 |"The Money Jar" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Marge warns the kids that they should not steal from the money jar. Bart, Lisa and Maggie tries to fight the temptation of stealing the money. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |28 - 221 |May 1, 1988 |"The Art Museum" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |The Simpsons go to an art museum. Bart stares at a nude painting and Lisa plays with an ancient vase. Marge realizes that the kids are too young to appreciate fine arts. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |29 - 222 |May 8, 1988 |"Zoo Story" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |The family goes to the zoo and find a lot of similarities between them and the monkeys. Homer unwisely teases a monkey at the zoo and gets a face full of poo for his trouble. |} === Season 3: 1988-1989 === {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" |# ! style="background-color: #fada00" |Airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" |Title |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |30 - 301 |November 6, 1988 |"Shut Up Simpsons" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Maggie squeaks her toy, which causes a chain reaction of anger in the family. An attempt for reconciliation leads to even more anger. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |31 - 302 |November 13, 1988 |"Shell Game" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart tries to hide one of the cookies he stole from the jar by distracting his parents with the shell game. Although his plan seems to succeed, he is bested by Maggie, who then eats the cookie. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |32 - 303 |November 20, 1988 |"The Bart Simpson Show" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" | The kids are watching TV and Homer tells them to stop watching "Itchy and Scratchy" because it's "too violent".Unable to watch cartoons Bart puts on his own show, which eventually angers Homer even more. Note: First appearance of [[Itchy & Scratchy]]. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |33 - 304 |November 27, 1988 |"Punching Bag" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart and Lisa take out their frustrations on a punching bag with a face of Homer on it. When Homer commands Marge to make the kids stop, he later finds her punching the bag. Nte: This is the first time Homer says [[D'oh!|D'oh]]. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |34 - 305 |December 18, 1988 |"Simpson Xmas" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart tells a story of a traditional Christmas in the Simpson family in the style of "The Night Before Christmas". |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |35 - 306 |January 1, 1989 |"The Krusty the Clown Show" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |The kids get to see Krusty's show live for the first time. Bart notices that it is an impostor and exposes it on television, much to his parents' dismay. Note: First appearance of [[Krusty the Clown]]. |-bgcolor="#fff4a7" |36 - 307 |January 29, 1989 |"Bart the Hero" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Sent out to exercise, Bart foils a robbery attempt. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |37 - 308 |February 5, 1989 |"Bart's Little Fantasy" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |After the kids are ordered to clean their room by Homer and Marge; Bart tells a story about large kids who throw their small parents into a small room. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |38 - 309 |February 12, 1989 |"Scary Movie" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart, Lisa and Maggie go to the movie to see "The Return of the Happy Little Elves" (much to Bart's dismay), but Bart convinces the girls to see "Revenge of the Space Mutants" instead. However, Bart ends up being scared by it, and Lisa and Maggie attempted to comfort him. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |39 - 310 |February 19, 1989 |"Home Hypnotism" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Homer tries hypnosis to calm down his crazy kids. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |40 - 311 |February 26, 1989 |"Shoplifting" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart tries to steal chocolate from the Supermarket, but gets caught. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |41 - 312 |March 12, 1989 |"Echo Canyon" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |The family drives to Echo Canyon, takes turns making echoes, and Bart almost makes a boulder crunch the family car. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |42 - 313 |March 19, 1989 |"Bathtime" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Homer makes Bart take his "Sunday Night Bath", only to flood the bathroom. At that rate, Homer angrily goes after Bart. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |43 - 314 |April 2, 1989 |"Bart's Nightmare" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |In this sequel to "Shell Game", Bart has a nightmare after eating every single cookie from the cookie jar. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |44 - 315 |April 16, 1989 |"Bart of the Jungle" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |The kids swing from the trees off Homer's ties, and Homer, who is angered by this, ends up being in their trap made by his ties. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |45 - 316 |April 23, 1989 |"Family Therapy" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Homer takes the family to a psychologist, but to no avail. * |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |46 - 317 |April 30, 1989 |"Maggie in Peril: Chapter One" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |After Maggie accidentally kicks her ball on Bart's face, he kicks it out of sight and she takes off to retrieve it back. (To be Continued...) |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |47 - 318 |May 7, 1989 |"Maggie in Peril: The Thrilling Conclusion" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" | Part 2. Maggie floats in the air hanging on to balloons and lands safely back in her playpen. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |48 - 319 |May 14, 1989 |"TV Simpsons" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Homer attempts to fix the television antenna on the roof, but he ends up falling from the roof. |- bgcolor="fff4a7"} |} ==Related pages== * [[The Simpsons]] * [[The Tracey Ullman Show]] == References == {{reflist|2}} ==Other websites== *{{IMDb title|12294152}} {{The Simpsons}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Simpsons shorts}} [[Category:The Simpsons]] d9v5zgr5dg7d7481c0aegkchfpsfzpf 10367847 10367846 2025-07-02T16:04:15Z CallumBen13 1611993 10367847 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:''The Simpsons'' shorts}} '''''The Simpsons'' shorts''' are a [[series]] of one-minute [[television show|television shorts]] that ran on the variety show ''[[The Tracey Ullman Show]]'' for three [[season]]s. The shorts were created by [[cartoonist]] [[Matt Groening]]. == Shorts == === Season 1: 1987 === {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" |# ! style="background-color: #fada00" |Airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" |Title |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |1 - 101 |April 19, 1987 |"[[Good Night]]" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Marge and Homer say goodnight to their kids but all does not go to plan. Bart philosophically contemplates (first time and last) the wonders of the mind, Lisa hears Marge say "don't let the bed bugs bite" and fears that her bed bugs will eat her, and Maggie is traumatized by the lyrics of "rock-a-bye-baby" {{anchor|Watching Television}} |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |2 - 102 |May 3, 1987 |"Watching Television" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart and Lisa quarrel over what channel they should watch. Repeatedly Maggie comes up to the television and changes the channel. The only thing they eventually agree on is to stop Maggie changing the channel. Later Homer is saying a speech about family matters and stops when the show comes back on. {{anchor|Bart Jumps}} |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |3 - 103 |May 10, 1987 |"Bart Jumps" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Homer makes several attempts to have Bart jump into his arms. Each time Bart jumps Homer is distracted and fails to catch him. {{anchor|Babysitting Maggie}} |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |4 - 104 |May 31, 1987 |"Babysitting Maggie" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Marge puts Bart and Lisa in charge of babysitting Maggie. They totally ignore her, and she receives an electric shock, falls down the stairs and chases a butterfly onto the roof only to fall off the roof. {{anchor|The Pacifier}} |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |5 - 105 |June 21, 1987 |"The Pacifier" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart and Lisa take Maggie's pacifier away to stop her from sucking on it. Maggie has an entire drawerful of them and refuses to kick the habit. {{anchor|Burp Contest}} |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |6 - 106 |June 28, 1987 |"Burp Contest" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart, Lisa and Maggie compete in a contest to see who can make the most disgusting burp. Marge objects several times, but was no use. When Homer comes home, he makes the most disgusting burp ever. The kids then congratulate him, much to Marge's disapproval. {{anchor|Eating Dinner}} |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |7 - 107 |July 12, 1987 |"Eating Dinner" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Marge serves the family dinner and the family sits down for the meal. Marge insists that family should have table manners, but the family's crude eating habits are hard to stop. |} === Season 2: 1987-1988 === {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" |# ! style="background-color: #fada00" |Airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" |Title |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |8 - 201 |September 22, 1987 |"Making Faces" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |The kids make scary faces at each other. Marge warns them that if they make scary faces, the faces will stay there forever. This warning has the opposite effect. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |9 - 202 |October 4, 1987 |"The Funeral" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Uncle Hubert is dead and the family attends his funeral. Bart is determined to see his uncle's corpse, but faints when he glances into the coffin. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |10 - 203 |October 11, 1987 |"What Maggie's Thinking" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart and Lisa wonder what's inside Maggie's mind when looking at her in her crib. Maggie sees them as demons and later as infants with her being the grown up. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |11 - 204 |October 18, 1987 |"Football" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Homer promises the kids chocolate milkshakes if Bart can catch one of his father's long football passes. Unfortunately, there are many obstacles to overcome, but Bart finally manages to catch the football, only with his mouth. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |12 - 205 |October 25, 1987 |"House of Cards" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart tries to make a house of cards, but Lisa and Maggie make noises that cause the house to fall every time. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |13 - 206 |November 1, 1987 |"Bart and Homer's Dinner" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |The girls are out watching a ballet and Homer is in charge of the dinner. Bart cannot stomach it when he is forced to eat a mix of fish nuggets and pork-a-roni. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |14 - 207 |November 8, 1987 |"Space Patrol" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart, Lisa and Maggie play a game of "Space Patrol" while Homer and Marge are out. Lisa plays a superhero with Maggie as her sidekick, while Bart puts a jug on his head with the pretense of it being the helmet of an alien warlord. However, his head gets stuck in the jug and Lisa "frees" Bart using a croquet mallet. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |15 - 208 |November 15, 1987 |"Bart's Haircut" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart's hair is too long and he is sent to a barber. His hair cut is too short and he tries multiple ways to hide it. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |16 - 209 |November 22, 1987 |"World War III" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" | Homer wakes up the family to practice for a nuclear drill. After multiple drills the family gets tired of him and traps him in the basement. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |17 - 210 |December 13, 1987 |"The Perfect Crime" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Marge bakes a batch of delicious cookies and Bart attempts to steal them, when everyone except him and Maggie leave the kitchen. Homer and Marge come back to find the tray empty, but Maggie guides them along a trail of cookies running across the floor. The family catches Bart lying on his back in his bedroom amidst a pile of cookie crumbs. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |18 - 211 |December 20, 1987 |"Scary Stories" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart tells Lisa and Maggie a series of scary stories in the dark only to believe they're coming true. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |19 - 212 |January 10, 1988 |"Grampa and the Kids" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Grampa tells the kids stories from the good old days. When the kids stop paying attention to him, he feigns his own death to recapture their attention. The short marks the first speaking appearance of [[Abraham Simpson]]. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |20 - 213 |January 24, 1988 |"Gone Fishin'" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart and Homer go on a fishing trip. Homer asks Bart for a bologna sandwich, but Bart forgot the bologna. He puts the bait on the sandwich instead. When they get the boat in the water they hit rapids and later fall off of a waterfall. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |21 - 214 |February 7, 1988 |"Skateboarding" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart teaches his sisters how to skateboard, but is outdone every time he tries to show off. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |22 - 215 |February 14, 1988 |"The Pagans" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" | When the family is on their way to church, the kids declares themselves pagans. After the car breaks down in the nature, the kids start acting like pagans much to Homer's disliking. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |23 - 216 |February 21, 1988 |"Closeted" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart tries to avoid to doing chores and ends up hiding in the closet. He finds himself locked in and must find a way to bust out. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |24 - 217 |February 28, 1988 |"The Aquarium" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Homer takes Bart, Lisa and Maggie to the aquarium. Bart finds a way to get into the shark tank and swims with a shark. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |25 - 218 |March 6, 1988 |"Family Portrait" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Homer has trouble taking a normal family portrait. Every time they are close to a good picture the family sabotages the shot. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |26 - 219 |March 13, 1988 |"Bart's Hiccups" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Lisa and Maggie try to cure Bart's hiccups. The cure is some rather unorthodox methods. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |27 - 220 |March 20, 1988 |"The Money Jar" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Marge warns the kids that they should not steal from the money jar. Bart, Lisa and Maggie tries to fight the temptation of stealing the money. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |28 - 221 |May 1, 1988 |"The Art Museum" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |The Simpsons go to an art museum. Bart stares at a nude painting and Lisa plays with an ancient vase. Marge realizes that the kids are too young to appreciate fine arts. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |29 - 222 |May 8, 1988 |"Zoo Story" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |The family goes to the zoo and find a lot of similarities between them and the monkeys. Homer unwisely teases a monkey at the zoo and gets a face full of poo for his trouble. |} === Season 3: 1988-1989 === {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" |# ! style="background-color: #fada00" |Airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" |Title |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |30 - 301 |November 6, 1988 |"Shut Up Simpsons" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Maggie squeaks her toy, which causes a chain reaction of anger in the family. An attempt for reconciliation leads to even more anger. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |31 - 302 |November 13, 1988 |"Shell Game" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart tries to hide one of the cookies he stole from the jar by distracting his parents with the shell game. Although his plan seems to succeed, he is bested by Maggie, who then eats the cookie. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |32 - 303 |November 20, 1988 |"The Bart Simpson Show" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" | The kids are watching TV and Homer tells them to stop watching "Itchy and Scratchy" because it's "too violent".Unable to watch cartoons Bart puts on his own show, which eventually angers Homer even more. Note: First appearance of [[Itchy & Scratchy]]. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |33 - 304 |November 27, 1988 |"Punching Bag" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart and Lisa take out their frustrations on a punching bag with a face of Homer on it. When Homer commands Marge to make the kids stop, he later finds her punching the bag. Nte: This is the first time Homer says [[D'oh!|D'oh]]. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |34 - 305 |December 18, 1988 |"Simpson Xmas" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart tells a story of a traditional Christmas in the Simpson family in the style of "The Night Before Christmas". |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |35 - 306 |January 1, 1989 |"The Krusty the Clown Show" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |The kids get to see Krusty's show live for the first time. Bart notices that it is an impostor and exposes it on television, much to his parents' dismay. Note: First appearance of [[Krusty the Clown]]. |-bgcolor="#fff4a7" |36 - 307 |January 29, 1989 |"Bart the Hero" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Sent out to exercise, Bart foils a robbery attempt. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |37 - 308 |February 5, 1989 |"Bart's Little Fantasy" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |After the kids are ordered to clean their room by Homer and Marge; Bart tells a story about large kids who throw their small parents into a small room. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |38 - 309 |February 12, 1989 |"Scary Movie" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart, Lisa and Maggie go to the movie to see "The Return of the Happy Little Elves" (much to Bart's dismay), but Bart convinces the girls to see "Revenge of the Space Mutants" instead. However, Bart ends up being scared by it, and Lisa and Maggie attempted to comfort him. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |39 - 310 |February 19, 1989 |"Home Hypnotism" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Homer tries hypnosis to calm down his crazy kids. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |40 - 311 |February 26, 1989 |"Shoplifting" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Bart tries to steal chocolate from the Supermarket, but gets caught. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |41 - 312 |March 12, 1989 |"Echo Canyon" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |The family drives to Echo Canyon, takes turns making echoes, and Bart almost makes a boulder crunch the family car. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |42 - 313 |March 19, 1989 |"Bathtime" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Homer makes Bart take his "Sunday Night Bath", only to flood the bathroom. At that rate, Homer angrily goes after Bart. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |43 - 314 |April 2, 1989 |"Bart's Nightmare" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |In this sequel to "Shell Game", Bart has a nightmare after eating every single cookie from the cookie jar. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |44 - 315 |April 16, 1989 |"Bart of the Jungle" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |The kids swing from the trees off Homer's ties, and Homer, who is angered by this, ends up being in their trap made by his ties. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |45 - 316 |April 23, 1989 |"Family Therapy" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Homer takes the family to a psychologist, but to no avail. * |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |46 - 317 |April 30, 1989 |"Maggie in Peril: Chapter One" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |After Maggie accidentally kicks her ball on Bart's face, he kicks it out of sight and she takes off to retrieve it back. (To be Continued...) |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |47 - 318 |May 7, 1989 |"Maggie in Peril: The Thrilling Conclusion" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" | Part 2. Maggie floats in the air hanging on to balloons and lands safely back in her playpen. |- bgcolor="#fff4a7" |48 - 319 |May 14, 1989 |"TV Simpsons" |- |colspan="3" style="background-color: #FEF8E2;" |Homer attempts to fix the television antenna on the roof, but he ends up falling from the roof. |- bgcolor="fff4a7"} |} ==Related pages== * [[The Simpsons]] * [[The Tracey Ullman Show]] == References == {{reflist|2}} ==Other websites== *{{IMDb title|12294152}} {{The Simpsons}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Simpsons shorts}} [[Category:The Simpsons]] qio603j9bdgx0asfpmfa9m6gses0za8 0 78214 10367947 9851537 2025-07-02T17:09:38Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Episodes */ fix column 10367947 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = | genre = [[Television comedy|Comedy]] | creator = Adam Tobin | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Chiara Zanni]] * [[Jesse Hutch]] * [[Sandy Robson]] * [[Braden Williams]] * Marshall Porter * [[Kristie Marsden]] }} | theme_music_composer = | opentheme = "Blue Kitchen" by Combine the Victorious | composer = Hal Beckett<br />[[Daniel Ingram (composer)|Daniel Ingram]] | country = Canada | language = English | num_seasons = 1 | num_episodes = 13 | list_episodes = #Episodes | executive_producer = Tim O'Donnell<br />Shawn Williamson<br />Stephen Heyges | producer = Cynthia Chapman | editor = Luis Lam<br />Roger Mattiussi | cinematography = Philip Linzey | camera = [[Single-camera setup|Single-camera]] | runtime = 22–24 minutes | company = Brightlight Pictures<br />Student Body II Productions | network = [[E! (Canadian TV system)|E!]] (Canada)<br />[[TeenNick#As The N (2002–2009)|The N]] (United States) | first_aired = {{Start date|2007|10|05}} | last_aired = {{End date|2008|02|29}} }} '''''About a Girl''''' is a [[Canada|Canadian]] [[comedy]] [[television programme|television series]], which was first shown on October 5, 2007 on [[The N (TV channel)|The N]] in the [[United States]], and [[Global]] in [[Canada]]. It is the first scripted [[comedy]] for The N. On February 25, 2008, [[actor]] [[Sandy Robson]] announced that the show was getting cancelled. The show ended with 13 episodes in one season. == Plot == The series centers around Amy, a young [[college]] student who moves in an apartment off campus with four guys, when she finds out her dorm room is a uninhabitable sty. Her new roommates are wild, unpredictable, and...kind of hot. == Characters == * '''Amy''' - A major overachiever, Amy thought college would be just a walk in the park, but when she's forced to move in with four guys, instead of the mess they called a dorm, things get a little complicated for her. * '''Jason''' - The hottie that Amy has a thing for. He's the loveable-commiment phobe. If he does not like how a relationship is going, he tries to "fizzle" things out. He's hot, he's super hot, and did we mention...he hot? * '''Dude''' - Flaky and easy-going. What more can a dude ask for? Dude has many words to live by. He's full of advice for his roommates, even though they might not know what he's talking about. He's afraid of [[pelican]]s, because of their "big flapping beaks", and he does not like chiuahuas, because "they shake". * '''McRitchie''' - Ever stereotypical, McRitchie is a manly stud. He's adventurous and does not think about the consequences of his actions. * '''Benny''' - As the youngest, smartest, and ''neatest'' roommate, Benny kind of ignores the pigsty he lives in. He figures his little crush on Amy will never work out. * '''Erin''' - As Amy's best friend, Erin is always there to give Amy the other point of view...usually the boy crazy, sorority-member point of view. == Cast == * [[Chiara Zanni]] - Amy * [[Jesse Hutch]] - Jason * [[Sandy Robson]] - Dude * [[Braden Williams]] - McRitchie * [[Marshall Porter]] - Benny * [[Kristie Mardsen]] - Erin == Episodes == === Season 1 === {| class= "wikitable" |- ! # ! Title ! Airdate |- | 1 | '''About a Pilot''' | October 5, 2007 |- | 2 | '''About the Rules''' | October 12, 2007 |- | 3 | '''About a Job''' | October 19, 2007 |- | 4 | '''About a Flood''' | October 26, 2007 |- | 5 | '''About a Break-Up''' | November 2, 2007 |- | 6 | '''About a Visit''' | November 9, 2007 |- | 7 | '''About a Dream''' | November 16, 2007 |- | 8 | '''About a Prank''' | January 19, 2008 |- | 9 | '''About an F Word''' | January 26, 2008 |- | 10 | '''About an All-Nighter''' | February 9, 2008 |- | 11 | '''About a Boot''' | February 16, 2008 |- | 12 | '''About a Tent''' | February 22, 2008 |- | 13 | '''About a Homecoming''' | February 29, 2008 |} == Other websites == * {{imdb title|1023351|name=About a Girl}} * {{tvtome person|id=648|name=About a Girl}} [[Category:2007 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2008 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:2000s sitcoms]] [[Category:2000s teen television series]] [[Category:English-language television programs]] glbtatkw9au54abtbcyg00wmd0hl875 10367949 10367947 2025-07-02T17:10:41Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ CA-EN 10367949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = | genre = [[Television comedy|Comedy]] | creator = Adam Tobin | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Chiara Zanni]] * [[Jesse Hutch]] * [[Sandy Robson]] * [[Braden Williams]] * Marshall Porter * [[Kristie Marsden]] }} | theme_music_composer = | opentheme = "Blue Kitchen" by Combine the Victorious | composer = Hal Beckett<br />[[Daniel Ingram (composer)|Daniel Ingram]] | country = Canada | language = English | num_seasons = 1 | num_episodes = 13 | list_episodes = #Episodes | executive_producer = Tim O'Donnell<br />Shawn Williamson<br />Stephen Heyges | producer = Cynthia Chapman | editor = Luis Lam<br />Roger Mattiussi | cinematography = Philip Linzey | camera = [[Single-camera setup|Single-camera]] | runtime = 22–24 minutes | company = Brightlight Pictures<br />Student Body II Productions | network = [[E! (Canadian TV system)|E!]] (Canada)<br />[[TeenNick#As The N (2002–2009)|The N]] (United States) | first_aired = {{Start date|2007|10|05}} | last_aired = {{End date|2008|02|29}} }} '''''About a Girl''''' is a [[Canada|Canadian]] [[comedy]] [[television programme|television series]], which was first shown on October 5, 2007 on [[The N (TV channel)|The N]] in the [[United States]], and [[Global]] in [[Canada]]. It is the first scripted [[comedy]] for The N. On February 25, 2008, [[actor]] [[Sandy Robson]] announced that the show was getting cancelled. The show ended with 13 episodes in one season. == Plot == The series centers around Amy, a young [[college]] student who moves in an apartment off campus with four guys, when she finds out her dorm room is a uninhabitable sty. Her new roommates are wild, unpredictable, and...kind of hot. == Characters == * '''Amy''' - A major overachiever, Amy thought college would be just a walk in the park, but when she's forced to move in with four guys, instead of the mess they called a dorm, things get a little complicated for her. * '''Jason''' - The hottie that Amy has a thing for. He's the loveable-commiment phobe. If he does not like how a relationship is going, he tries to "fizzle" things out. He's hot, he's super hot, and did we mention...he hot? * '''Dude''' - Flaky and easy-going. What more can a dude ask for? Dude has many words to live by. He's full of advice for his roommates, even though they might not know what he's talking about. He's afraid of [[pelican]]s, because of their "big flapping beaks", and he does not like chiuahuas, because "they shake". * '''McRitchie''' - Ever stereotypical, McRitchie is a manly stud. He's adventurous and does not think about the consequences of his actions. * '''Benny''' - As the youngest, smartest, and ''neatest'' roommate, Benny kind of ignores the pigsty he lives in. He figures his little crush on Amy will never work out. * '''Erin''' - As Amy's best friend, Erin is always there to give Amy the other point of view...usually the boy crazy, sorority-member point of view. == Cast == * [[Chiara Zanni]] - Amy * [[Jesse Hutch]] - Jason * [[Sandy Robson]] - Dude * [[Braden Williams]] - McRitchie * [[Marshall Porter]] - Benny * [[Kristie Mardsen]] - Erin == Episodes == === Season 1 === {| class= "wikitable" |- ! # ! Title ! Airdate |- | 1 | '''About a Pilot''' | October 5, 2007 |- | 2 | '''About the Rules''' | October 12, 2007 |- | 3 | '''About a Job''' | October 19, 2007 |- | 4 | '''About a Flood''' | October 26, 2007 |- | 5 | '''About a Break-Up''' | November 2, 2007 |- | 6 | '''About a Visit''' | November 9, 2007 |- | 7 | '''About a Dream''' | November 16, 2007 |- | 8 | '''About a Prank''' | January 19, 2008 |- | 9 | '''About an F Word''' | January 26, 2008 |- | 10 | '''About an All-Nighter''' | February 9, 2008 |- | 11 | '''About a Boot''' | February 16, 2008 |- | 12 | '''About a Tent''' | February 22, 2008 |- | 13 | '''About a Homecoming''' | February 29, 2008 |} == Other websites == * {{imdb title|1023351|name=About a Girl}} * {{tvtome person|id=648|name=About a Girl}} [[Category:2007 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2008 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:2000s Canadian sitcoms]] [[Category:2000s teen television series]] [[Category:Canadian English-language television shows]] sq4n21kdlfcup537qknc7cdllnyooa8 0 78411 10368612 9905599 2025-07-03T01:00:37Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 Syntax error on Infobox: doubled redundant "in" display next to each other due to the programing discrepant with the redundant manual input 10368612 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language |name=Valencian |nativename=''valencià'' |pronunciation={{IPA-ca|valensiˈa|}} or {{IPA-ca|ba-|}} |states=[[Spain]] |ethnicity =[[Valencians]] |region=[[Valencian Community|Valencia]], [[Region of Murcia|Murcia]] ([[Carche]]) <br/> See also [[Països Catalans|geographic distribution of Catalan]] |speakers=2.4 million |date=2004 |ref=<ref>{{citation |title= Evaluation of several Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression variants for language adaptation |author1=Míriam Luján |author2=Carlos D. Martínez |author3=Vicente Alabau | publisher= Proceedings of the sixth international conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC 2008 | url= http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2008/pdf/217_paper.pdf |quote= the total number of people who speak Catalan is 7,200,000, (...). The Valencian dialect is spoken by 27% of all Catalan speakers.}} citing Vilajoana, Jordi, and Damià Pons. 2001. Catalan, Language of Europe. Generalitat de Catalunya, Department de Cultura. Govern de les Illes Balears, Conselleria d’Educació i Cultura.</ref> |speakers2= |familycolor=Indo-European |fam2=[[Italic languages|Italic]] |fam3=[[Romance languages|Romance]] |fam4=[[Western Romance languages|Western]] |fam5=[[Gallo-Romance languages|Gallo-Romance]]<ref name="alternative classification">Some Iberian scholars may alternatively classify Catalan as [[Iberian Romance languages|Iberian Romance/East Iberian]].</ref> |fam6=[[Occitano-Romance languages|Occitano-Romance]]<ref name="alternative classification"/> |fam7=[[Catalan language|Catalan]] |fam8=[[Catalan language#Dialects|Western Catalan]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Wheeler |first1=Max H. |year= 2006 |title=Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics |chapter=Catalan |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-08-044299-0}}</ref> |script=[[Catalan orthography]] ([[Latin script]]) |nation='''[[Spain]]:''' {{flag|Valencian Community}} |agency=[[Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua]] |isoexception=dialect |glotto=none |map=Extensió del valencià al País Valencià.svg |mapsize=260px |notice=IPA }} '''Valencian''' (''valencià'') is the historical, traditional, and official name used in the [[Valencia (autonomous community)|Valencian Community]] ([[Spain]]) for the [[language]] spoken in this [[region]], also known as [[Catalan language|Catalan]] (''català'') in the Spanish Autonomous Communities of [[Catalonia]], [[Aragon]] and the [[Balearic Islands]]; in the [[country]] of [[Andorra]]; in the southern [[France|French]] region of the [[Roussillon]]; and in the [[Italy|Italian]] [[city]] of [[Alghero]] on the island of [[Sardinia]]. In [[linguistics]] "Valencian" is also used to identify this distinctive variant spoken in central and southern Valencia which has gained its own currency within the Catalan domain. == Language or dialect? == The official authorities, which are the government of the Valencian Community and the Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua, accept Valencian as a dialect of Catalan. The Real Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana and several associations disbelieve this opinion. They believe Valencian is a language in its own. They also accuse the official authorities of mixing Valencian with Catalan. This is done by approaching the Valencian ortography and grammar to the Catalan one. ==References== {{wikiquote|es:Valenciano|Valencian}} {{commons category|Valencià|Valencian}} {{reflist}} {{Europe-stub}} [[Category:Romance languages]] [[Category:Valencian Community]] [[Category:Languages of Spain]] q81sl57w8l9748i0gclqgi1et58d6g8 0 81880 10369164 10348123 2025-07-03T08:09:02Z 180.150.36.182 10369164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox music genre |name=Post-hardcore |color=crimson |bgcolor=white |stylistic_origins={{hlist|[[Hardcore punk]]|[[Post-punk]]|[[Experimental rock]]}} |instruments= {{hlist|[[Singer|Vocals]]|[[Electric guitar]]|[[Bass guitar]]|[[Drummer|Drums]]|[[Synthesizer|Synth]] (occasionally)}} |cultural_origins=Late [[1980s|80's]], USA's East Coast |popularity=Large in the [[United Kingdom|UK]], [[Canada]] and parts of the [[United States|US]] |derivatives={{hlist|[[Emo]]|[[Screamo]]|[[Mathcore]]|[[Math rock]]}} }} '''Post-hardcore''' is a [[musical genre]] that evolved from [[hardcore punk]], itself a part of the broader [[punk rock]] movement. One of the main influences on this genre is the band [[Fugazi]]. Post-hardcore uses elements of hardcore, along with [[emo]], [[Heavy metal music|metal]], [[alternative rock]] or whatever, to create a more experimental sound. It can be more melodic than normal hardcore, but sometimes is heavier. ==Post-hardcore contributors== # [[Fugazi]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pKkPEAAAQBAJ&dq=fugazi+post-hardcore&pg=PA43|title=Rebel Music in the Triumphant Empire: Punk Rock in the 1990s United States|last=Pearson|first=David|date=2020-11-29|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-753491-5|language=en}}</ref> # [[Thrice]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Thrice Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More {{!}} Al...|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/thrice-mn0000494038|access-date=2024-11-24|website=AllMusic|language=en}}</ref> # [[Enter Shikari]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Barabanov|first=Gleb|date=2024-05-16|title=An Interview with Enter Shikari|url=https://sflinsider.com/2024/05/16/an-interview-with-enter-shikari/|access-date=2024-11-24|website=South Florida Insider|language=en-US}}</ref> # [[Alexisonfire]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fry|first=Courtney|date=2022-06-24|title=Post-Hardcore Kings Alexisonfire Dropped Their First Album In 13 Years & It's A Mammoth Listen|url=https://www.pedestrian.tv/music/alexisonfire-otherness-album-review/|access-date=2024-11-24|website=PEDESTRIAN.TV|language=en-US}}</ref> # [[Boysetsfire]]<ref>{{Cite web|author1=Laurent Barnard|date=2015-03-12|title=This Is Hardcore: BoySetsFire – After The Eulogy|url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/this-is-hardcore-boysetsfire-after-the-eulogy|access-date=2024-11-24|website=louder|language=en}}</ref> # [[Silverstein]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PiLEEAAAQBAJ&dq=silverstein+post-hardcore&pg=PA288|title=Negatives: A Photographic Archive of Emo (1996-2006)|last=Madden|first=Amy Fleisher|date=2023-10-24|publisher=Chronicle Books|isbn=978-1-7972-2278-3|language=en}}</ref> # [[Rites of Spring]] # [[Maylene and the Sons of Disaster]] # [[The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus]] # [[Matchbook Romance]] # [[The Bled]] # [[From First to Last]] # [[My Chemical Romance]] # [[Story of the Year]] # [[Underoath]] # [[Hawthorne Heights]] # [[Senses Fail]] # [[Pierce the Veil]] # [[Escape the Fate]] # [[Sleeping with Sirens]] # [[Moose Blood]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{Punk}} {{music-stub}} [[Category:Music genres]] 1gr3rk23r2cxkmz4y5spdsvhs4v69ce 0 82797 10369031 5603326 2025-07-03T05:49:42Z Julipero 1604351 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 10369031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = ''Wiwaxia'' | status = fossil | fossil_range = Middle [[Cambrian]] | image = Wiwaxia_corrugata.jpg | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = ?[[Mollusca]] | unranked_ordo = [[Halwaxiida]] | familia = '''Wiwaxiidae''' | familia_authority = Walcott, 1911 | genus = '''''Wiwaxia''''' | binomial = ''Wiwaxia corrugata'' | binomial_authority = Walcott, 1911 }} '''''Wiwaxia corrugata''''' is an extinct species of animal known only from fossils found in [[Canada]]'s [[Burgess Shale]] deposits. Wiwaxia somewhat resembles a very small [[porcupine]] (about 30&nbsp;mm in [[diameter]]) with its quills pulled out. The body is covered by both spines and [[Scale (zoology)|scales]]. The spines are believed to have been used for defence purposes. Wiwaxia probably grazed or scavenged by walking or crawling along the [[sediment]]. One hundred and forty specimens are known from the Burgess Shale. Similar scales and spines have turned up in similarly aged sediments from elsewhere around the world suggesting that Wiwaxia was widespread during the [[Cambrian]]. {{biology-stub}} [[Category:Fossils]] hvdwmocea5k4p18z4nyp8cmqar944i1 4 84058 10369200 10365004 2025-07-03T08:20:30Z Cactusisme 1477024 10369200 wikitext text/x-wiki <!--PLEASE DO NOT ADD GOOD ARTICLES YOURSELF! There is a process for suggesting a new article to be featured here: go to [[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles]] and make your suggestion there. Thank you for your cooperation.--> {| style="clear:both; background:#DDF; color:black; border:1px #AAA solid;" cellspacing="4" |- | width="60%" style="padding:1em; border:1px solid #AAA; background-color:#EEF;" valign="top" | <span style="font-size:2em;">Good articles in Wikipedia</span> {{Shortcut|WP:GA|WP:GOOD}} [[File:Symbol support vote.svg|left|60px|This star represents the good content on Wikipedia.]] Good articles are the articles in the [[Simple English Wikipedia]] that meet the [[Wikipedia:Requirements for good articles|good article criteria]], as determined by [[Wikipedia:Wikipedian|Wikipedia's editors]]. Before being listed here, articles are reviewed at [[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles]] for accuracy, neutrality, completeness, and style according to our the good article criteria. For articles that may become good articles, please put {{tl|pgood}} on the article page. {{/count}} Articles that no longer meet the criteria can be proposed for improvement or removal at [[Wikipedia:Proposed article demotion]]. All good articles come with a template {{tl|good}} that is located on the top right-hand corner of that article. It also shows that the article is a good article in the Simple English Wikipedia. Simple English Wikipedia also has some [[WP:VGA|very good articles]]. | style="border:1px solid #AAA; padding:1em; background-color:#EFE;" valign="top" | <span style="font-size:2em;">Good articles</span> ''Newer items are at the top:'' <!-- The following list should contain 10 articles; when adding one at the top comment out the bottom one and remove the currently commented article --> # [[Mia Love]] # [[Baldwin IV of Jerusalem]] # [[1755 Cape Ann earthquake]] # [[Sanna Marin]] # [[Gracie Abrams]] # [[Big Break]] # [[Rock Lee]] # [[Tear down this wall!]] # [[Kendall Jenner]] # [[Kenya Grace]] <!-- # [[Terry Fox]] # [[Dog]] # [[Temple of Confucius]] # [[Nestor Makhno]] # [[Christopher Plummer]] # [[Blood on the Clocktower]] # [[Olivia Rodrigo]] # [[Earth]] # [[Made You Look]] # [[Paint It Black]] # [[Megadeth]] # [[Yellowstone National Park]] # [[Emu War]] # [[Bob Dole]] --> <!-- Leave extra one commented out in the event of demotions from the "Top Ten" --> <div style="text-align:right;">[[/by date|...more]]</div> |} [[Category:Good articles|*]] __NOTOC__ 5zf2hsq7v86rvtrsyu19e2sy5dor0as 0 85019 10367923 10302420 2025-07-02T16:58:29Z 185.13.107.187 10367923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|Columbia Records artists of the old Columbia Graphophone Co. label which EMI owned|List of Columbia Graphophone Company artists}} A partial listing of recording artists who currently or formerly recorded for [[Columbia Records]] (known in most of the world as [[CBS Records International|CBS Records]] prior to 1991) include the following list. <!--Please make a note if recordings were only leased from another label, this page should basically only list recording artists.--> {{horizontal TOC|nonum=yes}} ==0–9== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages.* * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[24kGoldn]] * [[3LW]] (So So Def/Columbia) * [[3rd Bass]] (Def Jam/Columbia) * [[3rd Faze]] * [[50 Cent]] {{div col end}} ==A== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Gregory Abbott]] * [[AC/DC]] * [[Acceptance (band)|Acceptance]] * [[Yolanda Adams]] * [[Addrisi Brothers]] * [[Adele]] (USA/Canada/Latin America from 2008 to 2021 under [[XL Recordings|XL]]/Columbia, worldwide since 2021 under Melted Stone/Columbia) * [[Aerosmith]] * [[The Afghan Whigs]] * [[The Afters]] * [[Todd Agnew]] * [[Alabama 3]] * [[Alex & Sierra]] * [[Jessi Alexander]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Ora Alexander]] * [[Lucky Ali]] * [[Alice in Chains]] * [[Tha Alkaholiks]] (Loud/Columbia) * [[María Conchita Alonso]] * [[Alvin and the Chipmunks]] * [[Amerie]] (Rise/Columbia) * [[Amil (rapper)|Amil]] (Roc-A-Fella/Columbia) * [[Trey Anastasio]] * [[Anberlin]] * [[Angélique Kidjo]] * [[Anggun]] * [[Eric Andersen]] * [[Jon Anderson]] * [[Keith Anderson]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Lynn Anderson]] * [[The Andrews Sisters]] * [[Anjani]] * [[Paul Anka]] * [[Marc Anthony]] * [[Anthrax (American band)|Anthrax]] * [[Apoptygma Berzerk]] * [[Fiona Apple]] (Work/Columbia) * [[The Apex Theory]] * [[Aqualung (musician)|Aqualung]] * [[Tina Arena]] * [[Arcade Fire]] * [[Arizona Zervas]] * [[Toni Arden]] * [[Louis Armstrong]] * [[Artful Dodger (US band)|Artful Dodger]] * [[James Arthur (singer)|James Arthur]] * [[The Association]] * [[:id:Astrid Sartiasari|Astrid Sartiasari]] (Sony/Epic/Columbia Malaysia) * [[Aşkın Nur Yengi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/release/9579146-A%C5%9Fk%C4%B1n-Nur-Yengi-A%C5%9Fktan-Olsa-Gerek|title=Aşkın Nur Yengi - Aşk'tan Olsa Gerek|date=25 November 2016|access-date=5 December 2023|website=Discogs.com}}</ref> * [[ATEEZ]] * [[Chet Atkins]] * [[Nicole Atkins]] * [[The Ataris]] * [[Atlanta Rhythm Section]] * [[Gene Autry]] * [[The Avant-Garde (band)|The Avant-Garde]] * [[Axis of Justice]] * [[Au/Ra]] (Loudmouth/Columbia) * [[The Automatic Automatic]] * [[Aster Aweke]] * [[Roy Ayers]] * [[Ayo & Teo]] * [[Azteca (band)|Azteca]] {{div col end}} ==B== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[B.T. Express]] * [[Burt Bacharach]] * [[Tal Bachman]] * [[The Bad Plus]] * [[Bad Religion]] * [[Mildred Bailey]] * [[Philip Bailey]] * [[Moe Bandy]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Bangles]] * [[R.C. Bannon]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Bobby Bare]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Ed Bell (musician)|Barefoot Bill From Alabama]] * [[Keith Barrow]] * [[John Barry (composer)|John Barry]] (CBS)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://45-sleeves.com/UK/cbs/L3.jpg|title=Record sleeve : John Barry - "Vendetta" (CBS)|website=45-sleeves.com|access-date=September 6, 2014}}</ref> * [[Karl Bartos]] * [[Count Basie]] * [[David Batteau|Batteaux]] * [[:id:Bukan Bintang Biasa|BBB]] (Columbia Jakarta) * [[Beady Eye]] (outside US) * [[Beastie Boys]] (Def Jam/Columbia) * [[Bix Beiderbecke]] * [[Bedük]] * [[Bel Canto (band)|Bel Canto]] * [[Drake Bell]] (Nickelodeon/Columbia) * [[Marcella Bella]] * [[Regina Belle]] * [[Tony Bennett]] (RPM/Columbia) * [[George Benson]] * [[Cheryl Bentyne]] (member of Manhattan Transfer) * [[Polly Bergen]] * [[Herschel Bernardi]] * [[Leonard Bernstein]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Beyoncé]] (Since 2011, has released her music through her label [[Parkwood Entertainment]]/Columbia) * [[Big Audio Dynamite]] * [[Big Brother and the Holding Company]] * [[Big L]] * [[Big Pun]] (Loud/Columbia) * [[Big Time Rush (band)|Big Time Rush]] (Nickelodeon/Columbia) * [[E. Power Biggs]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Tony Bird (singer-songwriter)|Tony Bird]] * [[Bizarre Inc]] (Vinyl Solution/Columbia) * [[Blá Blá Blá]] * [[Black Kids]] * [[Blackhawk (band)|Blackhawk]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Art Blakey]] * [[Blaque]] (Track Masters/Columbia) * [[Blink-182]] * [[Blood, Sweat & Tears]] * [[Bloodhound Gang]] * [[Mike Bloomfield]] * [[Blue Öyster Cult]] * [[Arthur Blythe]] * [[Bob's Burgers|The Bob's Burgers Album]] * [[Bobby & The Midnites]] * [[Willie Bobo]] * [[Tommy Bolin]] * [[Claude Bolling]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Michael Bolton]] * [[Richard Bona]] * [[Karla Bonoff]] * [[The Boomtown Rats]] (US) * [[Larry Boone]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Boss (rapper)|Boss]] (DJ West/Chaos/Columbia) * [[Chris Botti]] * [[Pierre Boulez]] * [[Bow Wow (rapper)|Bow Wow]] * [[Wade Bowen]] (Sea Gayle/Columbia Nashville) * [[David Bowie]] (ISO Records, licensed to Columbia) * [[Charlie Bowman|Fiddlin' Charlie Bowman]] * [[Jimmy Boyd]] * [[Liona Boyd]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Susan Boyle]] (Syco Music/Columbia) (US) * [[Brakence]] * [[Bravehearts]] * [[Breathe Carolina]] * [[Teresa Brewer]] * [[Bring Me the Horizon]] * [[Britny Fox]] * [[Broken Bells]] * [[David Bromberg]] * [[The Brothers Four]] * [[Dave Brubeck]] * [[Luke Bryan]] * [[Anita Bryant]] * [[Ray Bryant]] * [[Lindsey Buckingham]] * [[The Buckinghams]] * [[Jeff Buckley]] * [[Buckner & Garcia]] * [[Buckshot LeFonque]] * [[Budapest String Quartet]] * [[Bullet for My Valentine]] * [[Vernon Burch]] * [[Hannibal Buress]] (Comedy Central/Columbia) * [[Carol Burnett]] * [[T-Bone Burnett]] * [[Billy Burnette]] * [[Kate Bush]] (US) * [[Ferruccio Busoni]] * [[Busta Rhymes]] * [[Carl Butler]] * [[Champ Butler]] * [[Pearl Butler]] * [[Billy Butterfield]] * [[Charlie Byrd]] * [[The Byrds]] * [[Peabo Bryson]] {{div col end}} ==C== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[C+C Music Factory]] * [[Cha Cha (rapper)|Cha Cha]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/Dear-Diary-Columbia-Records-Sony/dp/B019GRQIUI |website=Amazon.com |title=Dear Diary by Columbia Records/Sony |asin=B019GRQIUI |access-date=October 30, 2016}}</ref> * [[Francis Cabrel]] * [[Cage Kennylz]] * [[Susan Cagle]] * [[Caitlin & Will]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Cake (band)|Cake]] * [[Calamity Jane (country music band)|Calamity Jane]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Cab Calloway]] * [[Court Yard Hounds]] * [[Dove Cameron]] * [[Paula Campbell (singer)|Paula Campbell]] * [[Stacy Dean Campbell]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Cannons (band)|Cannons]] * [[Eddie Cantor]] * [[Jerry Cantrell]] * [[Mariah Carey]] * [[Carcass (band)|Carcass]] * [[Matt Cardle]] * [[Brandi Carlile]] * [[Roberto Carlos (singer)|Roberto Carlos]] * [[Wendy Carlos]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Mary Chapin Carpenter]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Vikki Carr]] * [[Raffaella Carrà]] * [[Carrie Underwood]] * [[Jenny Lou Carson]] * [[Mindy Carson]] * [[Carter Family]] (Original group, 2nd and 3rd generations) * [[The Carter Sisters]] also called "Carter Sisters & Mother Maybelle" * [[Anita Carter]] * [[Helen Carter]] (Okeh) * [[James Carter (musician)|James Carter]] * [[June Carter]] * [[Maybelle Carter]] * [[Valerie Carter]] (transferred to ARC/Columbia for ''Wild Child'') * [[Pablo Casals]] * [[Johnny Cash]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[June Carter Cash]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Ray Cash]] * [[Rosanne Cash]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Cathedral (band)|Cathedral]] * [[Cecilio & Kapono]] * [[John Cena]] * [[Central Cee]] * [[Chad & Jeremy]] * [[The Chainsmokers]] * [[Chairlift (band)|Chairlift]] * [[Chalk FarM (band)|Chalk FarM]] * [[The Chambers Brothers]] * [[Champaign (band)|Champaign]] * [[Carol Channing]] * [[Ray Charles]] * [[Charlie (band)|Charlie]] (''Fantasy Girls'' album, USA) * [[Chayanne]] * [[Cher]] * [[Cherub (musical duo)|Cherub]] * [[Kenny Chesney]] (Blue Chair/Columbia Nashville) * [[Mark Chesnutt]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Chevelle (band)|Chevelle]] * [[The Chieftains]] (outside of Ireland) * [[Chicago (band)|Chicago]] * [[The Chipettes]] * [[Chipmunk (rapper)|Chipmunk]] * [[Christie (band)|Christie]] (CBS) * [[Lou Christie]] * [[Susan Christie]] * [[Charlotte Church]] * [[Christine McVie]] * [[The Chuck Wagon Gang]] * [[Circus of Power]] * [[Clams Casino (musician)|Clams Casino]] * [[The Clancy Brothers]] and [[Tommy Makem]] * [[Buddy Clark (singer)|Buddy Clark]] * [[Petula Clark]] (UK, France and Canada) * [[Anne Clark (poet)|Anne Clark]] * [[The Clash]] * [[David Clayton-Thomas]] * [[Buzz Clifford]] * [[Rosemary Clooney]] * [[Clutch (band)|Clutch]] * [[The Coasters]] * [[Bruce Cockburn]] * [[David Allan Coe]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Amber Coffman]] * [[Coheed and Cambria]] * [[Adam Cohen (musician)|Adam Cohen]] * [[Leonard Cohen]] * [[Coin (band)|Coin]] * [[Ornette Coleman]] * [[Collie Buddz]] * [[Colosseum (band)|Colosseum]] * [[Arthur Collins (singer)|Arthur Collins]] * [[Columbia Symphony Orchestra]] * [[Chi Coltrane]] * [[Shawn Colvin]] * [[Luke Combs]] (River House/Columbia Nashville) * [[Les Compagnons de la chanson]] (CBS Disques S.A.) * [[Jack DeJohnette|Compost]] * [[Jeff Conaway]] * [[John Conlee]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Harry Connick Jr.]] * [[Ray Conniff]] * [[Consequence (rapper)|Consequence]] * [[Aaron Copland]] * [[The Coral]] * [[Chick Corea]] * [[Jill Corey]] * [[Miranda Cosgrove]] (Nickelodeon/Columbia) * [[Elvis Costello]] (US) * [[Court Yard Hounds]] * [[Billy "Crash" Craddock]] * [[Robert Craft]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Creed (band)|Creed]] * [[Rachel Crow]] * [[Rodney Crowell]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Cryan' Shames]] * [[Cry of Love (band)|Cry of Love]] * [[Crazy Town]] * [[Darren Criss]] * [[CRX (band)|CRX]] * [[Xavier Cugat]] * [[Cypress Hill]] (Ruffhouse/Columbia) * [[The Cyrkle]] * [[Miley Cyrus]] {{div col end}} ==D== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[D Generation]] * [[Da Brat]] (So So Def/Columbia) * [[Daft Punk]] (Daft Life/Columbia) * [[Lacy J. Dalton]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Vic Damone]] * [[Dangerous Toys]] * [[Danzig (band)|Danzig]] * [[The Daou]] * [[Terence Trent D'Arby]] * [[Bobby Darin]] * [[Joe Dassin]] (CBS Disques S.A. and Columbia of Canada) * [[Dave (singer)|Dave]] (CBS Disques S.A.) * [[Dave Gahan]] (member of Depeche Mode) * [[John Davidson (entertainer)|John Davidson]] * [[Jimmie Davis]] * [[Mac Davis]] * [[Miles Davis]] * [[Tyrone Davis]] * [[Doris Day]] * [[Stu Daye]] (Pilot/Columbia) * [[Jimmy Dean]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Death (metal band)|Death]] * [[Death Grips]] * [[Cole Deggs & the Lonesome]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Paco de Lucía]] * [[Declan McKenna]] * [[Dej Loaf]] * [[Delaney & Bonnie]] * [[Depeche Mode]] (Mute/Columbia) * [[The Derek Trucks Band]] * [[Destiny's Child]] (Music World/Columbia) * [[Frank De Vol]] * [[Barry De Vorzon]] * [[Dillon Francis]] * [[Al Di Meola]] * [[Neil Diamond]] * [[Dion DiMucci|Dion]] * [[Celine Dion]] * [[Il Divo]] * [[Die Ärzte]] (1984–1988) * [[Dixie Chicks]] (Wide Open/Columbia Nashville) * [[DJ Kayslay]] * [[DMX (rapper)|DMX]] (former) * [[Dr. Dre]] (former) * [[Dr. Feelgood (band)|Dr. Feelgood]] (USA/Canada) * [[Dr. Hook & the Medicine Show]] * [[Deryl Dodd]] * [[Tim Dog]] (Ruffhouse/Columbia) * [[Ned Doheny]] * [[Dokken]] * [[Domo Genesis]] ([[Odd Future Records|Odd Future]]/Columbia) * [[The Dorsey Brothers]] * [[Downtown Science (group)|Downtown Science]] (Def Jam/Columbia) * [[Sue Draheim]] * [[Drowning Pool]] * [[Duo Tal & Groethuysen]] * [[Jermaine Dupri]] (So So Def/Columbia) * [[Bob Dylan]] * [[Jakob Dylan]] * [[Ronnie Dyson]] {{div col end}} ==E== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Earl Sweatshirt]] (Tan Cressida) * [[Earth, Wind & Fire]] (ARC/Columbia) * [[Walter Egan]] * [[The Electric Flag]] * [[Elaine (singer)|Elaine]] * [[Electric Light Orchestra]] * [[Elkland (band)|Elkland]] * [[Duke Ellington]] * [[Don Ellis]] * [[Emilio Navaira]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Emotions]] * [[Empire (2015 TV series)|''Empire'' cast]] * [[EPMD]] (Def Jam/RAL/Columbia) * [[Esbjörn Svensson Trio|E.S.T.]] * [[David Essex]] * [[Ethan Bortnick]] * [[Evan and Jaron]] * [[Jackie Evancho]] (Syco Music/Columbia) * [[Evanescence]] * [[Bill Evans]] * [[Tiffany Evans]] * [[George Ezra]] * [[Fleur East]] * [[Perrie Edwards]] {{div col end}} ==F== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Barbara Fairchild]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Shelly Fairchild]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Percy Faith]] * [[Rose Falcon]] * [[Fania All-Stars]] * [[Tyler Farr]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Eileen Farrell]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Dionne Farris]] * [[Fastway (band)|Fastway]] * [[Rebecca Ferguson (singer)|Rebecca Ferguson]] (Syco Music/Columbia) * [[Nino Ferrer]] (CBS Disques S.A.) * [[Fertig, Los!]] * [[Dominic Fike]] * [[Fingertight]] * [[Firehose (band)|Firehose]] * [[The Firesign Theatre]] * [[First Aid Kit (band)|First Aid Kit]] * [[Ella Fitzgerald]] * [[Five for Fighting]] * [[Five Finger Death Punch]] (Prospect Park) * [[Béla Fleck]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Fleetwood Mac]] (Blue Horizon/CBS) (outside US/Canada) * [[The Flying Burrito Brothers]] * [[Dan Fogelberg]] * [[Foggy Mountain Boys]] * [[Ronnie Foster]] * [[Foster the People]] * [[The Four Lads]] * [[Zino Francescatti]] * [[Frankie J]] * [[Aretha Franklin]] * [[Franz Ferdinand (band)|Franz Ferdinand]] * [[Fraser & DeBolt]] * [[Frenship]] * [[Janie Fricke]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[David Frizzell]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Front (band)|The Front]] * [[Michel Fugain]] (CBS Disques S.A. France) * [[Fugees]] (Ruffhouse/Columbia) * [[Full Force]] * [[Future (rapper)|Future]] {{div col end}} ==G== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Jean Gabin]] (CBS Disques S.A.) * [[:id:Janita Gabriella|Janita Gabriella]] (Sony/Columbia Malaysia) * [[André Gagnon]] (Columbia of Canada) * [[Eric Gale]] * [[Patsy Gallant]] (Columbia of Canada) * [[Katy Garbi]] * [[Sean Garrett]] ([[Roc Nation]]/Columbia) * [[Art Garfunkel]] * [[Judy Garland]] * [[Bradley Gaskin]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Larry Gatlin]] (Columbia Nashville, first six albums leased from Monument) * [[Marvin Gaye]] * [[Crystal Gayle]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Stan Getz]] * [[J Geils Band]] * [[Teddy Geiger]] * [[George Gershwin]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Gentle Giant]] (US and Canada, leased from Vertigo and Chrysalis) * [[Gesaffelstein]] * [[Gigi (Indonesian band)|Gigi]] (Sony/Columbia Malaysia) * [[Art Gillham]] (The Whispering Pianist) (first electrical recording 1925) * [[Elizabeth Gillies]] (Nickelodeon/Columbia) * [[Terry Gilkyson]] * [[David Gilmour]] * [[Glasvegas]] * [[Glee Cast|''Glee'' cast]] * Glokk40Spaz * [[Glowie]] * [[The Go! Team]] * [[Goapele]] (Skyblaze/Columbia) * [[Arthur Godfrey]] * [[Gogol Bordello]] * [[Goldfinger (band)|Goldfinger]] * [[Benny Golson]] * [[GoodBooks]] * [[Benny Goodman]] * [[Delta Goodrem]] * [[Dexter Gordon]] * [[Eydie Gormé]] * [[Vern Gosdin]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Gossip (band)|Gossip]] * [[Glenn Gould]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Robert Goulet]] * [[Geolier]] * [[Lawrence Gowan|Gowan]] (Anthem/Columbia) * [[Alana Grace]] * [[Jamie Grace]] * [[Stéphane Grappelli]] * [[Diva Gray]] * [[Gregory Gray]] * [[Mark Gray (singer)|Mark Gray]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Great Plains (Tennessee band)|Great Plains]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Partridge Green]] * [[Vivian Green]] * [[Gene Greene]] * [[Kenneth W. Griffin|Ken Griffin]] * [[Gumball (band)|Gumball]] * [[A Guy Called Gerald]] * [[Grimes (musician)|Grimes]] * [[Grace Vanderwaal]] {{div col end}} ==H== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Bruce Haack]] * [[Haim (band)|Haim]] * [[Nina Hagen]] * [[Adelaide Hall]] * [[John Hall (New York politician)|John Hall]] (''Power'' released through ARC/Columbia) * [[Halsey (singer)|Halsey]] * [[Paul Hampton]] * [[Herbie Hancock]] * [[Hanoi Rocks]] * [[The Harden Trio]] * [[Arlene Harden]] * [[Tim Hardin]] * [[The Harmonicats]] * [[Jimmy Harnen]] * [[Calvin Harris]] * [[Corey Hart (singer)|Corey Hart]] (Columbia of Canada) * [[Sophie B. Hawkins]] * [[Darren Hayes]] * [[Isaac Hayes]] * [[Wade Hayes]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Roy Haynes]] * [[Harlem World (group)|Harlem World]] (So So Def/Columbia) * [[Hawks (band)|Hawks]] * [[Heart (band)|Heart]] * [[Heath Brothers]] * [[Heaven's Edge]] * [[Mitch Hedberg]] (Comedy Central/Columbia) * [[Coleman Hell]] * [[Hellyeah]] * [[Ella Henderson]] (Syco Music/Columbia) (US) * [[Fletcher Henderson]] * [[Woody Herman]] * [[Patrick Hernandez]] * [[Ari Hest]] * [[Hey Monday]] (Decaydance/Columbia) * [[The Highwaymen (country supergroup)|The Highwaymen]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Dan Hill]] * [[Lauryn Hill]] * [[Z.Z. Hill]] * [[The Hi-Lo's]] * [[Mattie Hite]] * [[Hodgy]] * [[Billie Holiday]] * [[Jake Holmes]] * [[The Hooters]] * [[Linda Hopkins]] * [[Dan Hornsby]] * [[Vladimir Horowitz]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Johnny Horton]] * [[Cissy Houston]] * [[Marques Houston]] * [[Terrence Howard]] * [[How to Destroy Angels (band)|How to Destroy Angels]] * [[Home Free (group)|Home Free]] * [[Hozier]] (US/Canada/Australia) * [[Freddie Hubbard]] * [[Hundred Reasons]] {{div col end}} ==I== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Julio Iglesias]] * [[Jack Ingram]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Inner City (band)|Inner City]] * [[Insane Clown Posse]] (Psychopathic Records; distribution only) * [[Irakere]] * [[Iron Maiden]] (US) * [[It's a Beautiful Day]] * [[Ive (group)|Ive]] (Starship/Columbia; Korean releases only)<ref>{{Cite news|last=Yoon|first=Sang-keun|date=March 24, 2023|url=https://v.daum.net/v/20230324091631379|title='컴백' 아이브 북미 진출 본격화..카카오X소니뮤직 손잡았다[공식]|language=ko|work=StarNews|url-status=live|access-date=March 24, 2023|via=Daum|archive-date=March 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324015747/https://v.daum.net/v/20230324091631379}}</ref> * [[The Internet (band)|The Internet]] (Odd Future/Columbia) {{div col end}} ==J== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[J. Cole]] ([[Roc Nation]]/Columbia) * [[The Jacksons]] * [[Mahalia Jackson]] * [[Michael Jackson]] * [[Rebbie Jackson]] * [[Stonewall Jackson (musician)|Stonewall Jackson]] * [[Jaroslav Jakubovič]] * [[Jagged Edge (American group)|Jagged Edge]] (So So Def/Columbia) * [[Bob James (musician)|Bob James]] (Columbia/Tappan Zee; material was later reissued by [[Warner Records|Warner Bros. Records]]) * [[Casey James]] (19/Columbia Nashville) * [[Harry James]] * [[Sonny James]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Tom Jans]] * [[Lauren Jauregui]] * [[Jay Z]] (Def Jam - until 2009) * [[Wyclef Jean]] * [[Jennie (singer)|Jennie]] (Odd Atelier/Columbia) * [[Lyfe Jennings]] * [[Buddy Jewell]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[J-Kwon]] * [[Joan Jett and the Blackhearts]] (Blackheart Records) * [[Kari Jobe]] (Integrity/Columbia) * [[The Joe Perry Project]] * [[Billy Joel]] * [[J.J. Johnson]] * [[Robert Johnson (musician)|Robert Johnson]] * [[Jim Jones (rapper)|Jim Jones]] * [[Oran "Juice" Jones]] (Def Jam/Columbia) * [[Janis Joplin]] * [[Alexis Jordan]] * [[Josie and the Pussycats (album)|Josie and the Pussycats]] * [[Journey (band)|Journey]] * [[Judas Priest]] * [[Juicy J]] * [[Juilliard String Quartet]] * [[Pauline Julien]] * [[Junkie XL]] * [[Juno Reactor]] * [[Victoria Justice]] (Nickelodeon/Columbia) * [[Jussie Smollett]] {{div col end}} ==K== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Patricia Kaas]] * [[Brenda Kahn]] * [[Roger Wolfe Kahn]] * [[Ini Kamoze]] * [[Christian Kane]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Madleen Kane]] * [[Miles Kane]] * [[Kasabian]] * [[Katy B]] (Rinse FM/Columbia) * [[Sammy Kaye]] * [[Jorma Kaukonen]] * [[Mat Kearney]] * [[Kenna]] * [[Raymond Louis Kennedy]] (ARC/Columbia) * [[Alicia Keys]] * [[Kreayshawn]] * [[Kid Capri]] (Track Masters/Columbia) * [[Angélique Kidjo]] * [[Killer Mike]] (Aquemini/Columbia) * [[Killing Joke]] * [[Killradio]] * [[Killswitch Engage]] * [[Carl King (singer)|Carl King]] * [[Peggy King]] * [[King Princess]] * [[Kings of Leon]] * [[The Kinks]] * [[John Kirby (musician)|John Kirby]] * [[Gladys Knight]] * [[Gladys Knight & the Pips]] * [[Holly Knight]] (self-titled album) * [[Reggie Knighton]] (transferred to ARC/Columbia for ''The Reggie Knighton Band'') *[[Koe Wetzel]] * [[Kool Keith]] (Ruffhouse/Columbia) * [[Al Kooper]] * [[Korn]] (until 2009) * [[Andre Kostelanetz]] * [[Kraftwerk]] * [[Chantal Kreviazuk]] * [[Kris Kross]] (Ruffhouse/Columbia) * [[Toshinobu Kubota]] * [[Kula Shaker]] * [[Leah Kunkel]] * [[Kurious]] (Hoppoh/Columbia) * [[Kay Kyser]] * [[Krewella]] * [[Joseph-kargbo]] {{div col end}} ==L== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Labrinth]] (US) * [[Frankie Laine]] * [[Lake (German band)|Lake]] * [[Kendrick Lamar]] * [[Lamb of God (band)|Lamb of God]] * [[Lambert, Hendricks & Ross]] * [[Miranda Lambert]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[George Lamond]] * [[Catherine Lara]] * [[The Lashes]] * [[The Laughing Dogs]] * [[Steve Lawrence]] * [[Hubert Laws]] * [[LCD Soundsystem]] * [[Denis Leary]] (Comedy Central/Columbia) * [[Lecrae]] * [[Michele Lee]] * [[Mylon LeFevre]] (Columbia and CBS Associated) * [[Leftfield]] (Hard Hands/Columbia) * [[John Legend]] * [[Len (band)|Len]] * [[Gérard Lenorman]] * [[LÉON (Swedish singer)|LÉON]] * [[Lewis Del Mar]] * [[LunchMoney Lewis]] (Kemosabe/Columbia) * [[Ted Lewis (musician)|Ted Lewis]] * [[Monique Leyrac]] * [[Prudence Liew]] * [[Lil' Fizz]] * [[Lil' Flip]] (Loud/Columbia) * [[Lil Nas X]] * [[Lil Peep|Lil' Peep]] * [[Lil Tjay]] * [[Lil Xan|Lil' Xan]] * [[Mark Lindsay]] * [[Lisa Lisa and Cult Jam]] * [[LL Cool J]] (Def Jam/Columbia) * [[Lo Fidelity Allstars]] (Skint/Columbia) * [[Kenny Loggins]] * [[Loggins and Messina]] * [[Little Mix]] (US) * [[Guy Lombardo]]<ref>[https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/guy-lombardo-and-his-royal-canadians-emc The Canadian Encyclopedia: "Guy Lombardo and His Royal Canadians" Mookg, Edward B. (6 April 2008 rev. 4 March 2015) on thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en]</ref> * [[London String Quartet]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Lone Star (band)|Lone Star]] * [[Brice Long]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Bobby Lord]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Lord Tariq and Peter Gunz]] * [[Lostprophets]] * [[Lous and the Yakuza]]<ref name="Konbini">{{cite web|last=Narduzzi|first=Guillaume|url=https://www.konbini.com/fr/musique/lous-and-the-yakuza-warm-up/|title=Avec sa pop ravageuse, Lous and The Yakuza vient enterrer le game|website=Konbini.com|date=October 28, 2019|access-date=May 24, 2020}}</ref> * [[Lovedrug]] * [[Love Affair (band)|The Love Affair]] (outside US) * [[Love/Hate (band)|Love/Hate]] * [[Loverboy]] * [[Nick Lowe]] (US) * [[LSD (collaboration)|LSD]] * [[Norman Luboff]] * [[LeToya Luckett]] * [[Jimmie Lunceford]] * [[Cheryl Lynn]] {{div col end}} ==M== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[MN8]] * [[M.I.A. (rapper)|M.I.A.]] * [[Macklemore]] * [[Macklemore and Ryan Lewis]] * [[Magic Man (band)|Magic Man]] * [[Magnetic Man]] * [[Mad Cobra]] * [[Madeon]] * [[Taj Mahal (musician)|Taj Mahal]] * [[Mahavishnu Orchestra]] * [[Mahogany Rush]] * [[Natalie Maines]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Manic Street Preachers]] * [[Barbara Mandrell]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Chuck Mangione]] * [[The Manhattan Transfer]] (1991–92) * [[The Manhattans]] * [[Barry Manilow]] * [[Frank Marino]] * [[Marmalade (band)|Marmalade]] * [[Branford Marsalis]] * [[Ellis Marsalis Jr.]] * [[Wynton Marsalis]] * [[Marshanda]] (Sony/Columbia Malaysia) * [[Marshmello]] * [[Martika]] * [[Ricky Martin]] (C2/Columbia) * [[Martina McBride]] * [[Mary Mary]] * [[Ma$e]] (So So Def/Columbia) * [[Mashmakhan]] * [[Jackie Mason]] * [[Nick Mason]] (outside Europe) * [[Johnny Mathis]] * [[Iain Matthews]] (1976–77) * [[Matthews, Wright & King]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Maxwell (musician)|Maxwell]] * [[John Mayer (musician)|John Mayer]] (Aware/Columbia) * [[Rachael MacFarlane]] * [[Seth MacFarlane]] * [[Paul McCartney]] (US/Canada, after 1979) * [[Jennette McCurdy]] (Nickelodeon/Columbia) * [[Roger McGuinn]] * [[Joey McIntyre]] (C2/Columbia) * [[Nellie McKay]] * [[Scott McKenzie]] * [[John McLaughlin (musician)|John McLaughlin]] * [[Marshall McLuhan]] * [[Katharine McPhee]] * [[Peter McPoland]] * [[Carmen McRae]] * [[MC Serch]] (Def Jam/Chaos/Columbia) * [[Mecano]] * [[Mark Medlock]] * [[Megadeth]] * [[John Mellencamp]] * [[Memento (band)|Memento]] * [[Men at Work]] * [[Maria Mena]] * [[Tim Mensy]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes]] (Philadelphia International/Columbia) * [[Freddie Mercury]] * [[Metallica]] (until 1991) * [[MFSB]] (Philadelphia International/Columbia) * [[MGMT]] * [[George Michael]] (US/Canada) * [[Lea Michele]] * [[John Rocca|Midi Rain]] (Vinyl Solution/Columbia) * [[Bette Midler]] * [[Midtown (band)|Midtown]] * [[Mile (band)|Mile]] * [[Miley Cyrus]] * [[Mitch Miller]] * [[T. Mills]] * [[Nathan Milstein]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Charles Mingus]] * [[Liza Minnelli]] * [[Misfits (band)|Misfits]] * [[Guy Mitchell]] * [[Dimitri Mitropoulos]] * [[MKTO]] * [[Ms Mr]] * [[Mr. T]] * [[Mobb Deep]] (Loud/Columbia) * [[Moby (musician)|Moby]] * [[Moby Grape]] * [[Don Moen (singer)|Don Moen]] (Integrity/Columbia) * [[Katy Moffatt]] * [[Eddie Money]] (Wolfgang/Columbia) * [[Thelonious Monk]] * [[Ashley Monroe]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Montgomery Gentry]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Sara Montiel]] * [[Jackie Moore (singer)|Jackie Moore]] * [[M.O.P.]] *[[Megan Moroney]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Moxie Raia]] * [[Alanis Morissette]] (Columbia SevenOne) (Europe) * [[Mormon Tabernacle Choir]] * [[Maren Morris]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Motion City Soundtrack]] * [[Mudhoney]] * [[Mudvayne]] * [[Shawn Mullins]] * [[Eddie Murphy]] * [[Elliott Murphy]] * [[Olly Murs]] * [[Primrose (group)#Former members|Yeum Myongwoo]] (Sony Music/Columbia/Epic Records, Korean releases only) {{div col end}} ==N== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Jim Nabors]] * [[Nat & Alex Wolff|The Naked Brothers Band]] (Nickelodeon/Columbia) * [[Natalie Maines]] * [[Anna Nalick]] * [[Nas]] * [[Nature (rapper)|Nature]] * [[Naya Rivera]] (dropped) * [[The Neighbourhood]] * [[Willie Nelson]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Nena]] (CBS Schallplatten) * [[N.E.R.D.]] * [[Peter Nero]] * [[The New Christy Minstrels]] * [[New Kids on the Block]] * [[Randy Newman]] * [[Nice & Smooth]] (RAL/Columbia) * [[Willie Nile]] * [[Nine Inch Nails]] (Null Corp./Columbia) (US/Taiwan) * [[NKOTBSB]] * [[No Wyld]] * [[Noemi (singer)|Noemi]] * [[Northern State (band)|Northern State]] {{div col end}} ==O== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[OG Maco]] * [[The O'Jays]] (Philadelphia International/Columbia) * [[The O'Kanes]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Oak Ridge Boys]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Oasis (band)|Oasis]] (Big Brother/Helter Skelter/Columbia) (US) * [[Frank Ocean]] * [[Odd Future]] * [[The Offspring]] (1997–2013) * [[Babatunde Olatunji]] * [[Old Crow Medicine Show]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Old Dominion (band)|Old Dominion]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Ollabelle]] * [[Joe "King" Oliver]] * [[One Direction]] (Columbia) (US) * [[OneRepublic]]* * [[Onyx (group)|Onyx]] (JMJ/RAL/Chaos/Columbia) * [[Oomph!]] * [[Original Concept]] (Def Jam/Columbia) * [[Eugene Ormandy]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Our Lady Peace]] * [[The Outfield]] * [[OutKast]] * [[Ozzy Osbourne]] {{div col end}} ==P== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[P1Harmony]] ([[FNC Entertainment]]/Columbia) (US) * [[Papa Roach]] * [[Passion Pit]] * [[Patti Page]] * [[Polo G]] * [[Michel Pagliaro]] * [[Johan Palm]] * [[Dolly Parton]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Billy Paul]] (Philadelphia International/Columbia) * [[Les Paul]] and [[Mary Ford]] * [[Pavlov's Dog (band)|Pavlov's Dog]] (debut album leased from [[ABC Records]]) * [[Peace (band)|Peace]] * [[Peach Pit (band)|Peach Pit]] * [[Pearl Jam]] * [[Gayla Peevey]] * [[Christine McVie|Christine Perfect]] (Blue Horizon/CBS) (outside US/Canada) * [[Katy Perry]] * [[Steve Perry (musician)|Steve Perry]] * [[Julian Perretta]] * [[Persephone's Bees]] * [[Joe Pesci]] * [[Philadelphia Orchestra]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Washington Phillips]] * [[Edith Piaf]] * [[Kellie Pickler]] (19/Columbia Nashville) * [[Pink Floyd]] (outside Europe) * [[Joe Piscopo]] * [[Mary Kay Place]] * [[Manitas de Plata]] * [[Rachel Platten]] * [[Play (Swedish group)|Play]] * [[P.O.D.]] * [[Pamela Polland]] * [[Jean-Luc Ponty]] * [[Powerman 5000]] * [[Prairie Madness]] * [[Pras]] (Ruffhouse/Columbia) * [[Andy Pratt (singer-songwriter)|Andy Pratt]] * [[The Presidents of the United States of America (band)|The Presidents of the United States of America]] * [[Pretty Maids]] * [[PrettyMuch]] * [[Ray Price (musician)|Ray Price]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Primal Scream]] * [[Prince (musician)|Prince]] (NPG/Columbia) * [[Charles A. Prince]] * [[Project Pat]] (Hypnotize Minds/Columbia) * [[The Psycho Realm]] (Ruffhouse/Columbia) * [[Public Enemy (band)|Public Enemy]] (Def Jam/Columbia) * [[Gary Puckett & The Union Gap]] * [[The Puppies]] (Chaos/Columbia) * [[ppcocaine]] * [[Perrie Edwards|Perrie]] {{div col end}} ==Q== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Carmel Quinn]] * [[Quarashi]] * [[Bill Quateman]] {{div col end}} ==R== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Joshua Radin]] * [[Radiopilot]] * [[Raekwon]] (Loud/Columbia) * [[Rag 'N' Bone Man]] * [[Rage Against the Machine]] * [[A. R. Rahman]] * [[Addison Rae]] * [[Ramones]] * [[Jean-Pierre Rampal]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Bella Ramsey]] * [[Rancid (band)|Rancid]] * [[The Rascals]] * [[Raury]] (LoveRenaissance/Columbia) * [[Genya Ravan]] * [[The Raveonettes]] * [[Jacob Anderson|Raleigh Ritchie]] * [[Lou Rawls]] (Philadelphia International/Columbia) * [[Johnnie Ray]] * [[Raze (house music group)|Raze]] * [[Tony Rebel]] (Chaos/Columbia) * [[Red Rockers]] (415/Columbia) * [[Mike Reid (singer)|Mike Reid]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Remix Master]] * [[Return to Forever]] * [[Paul Revere & the Raiders]] * [[Nóirín Ní Riain]] * [[Kyle Riabko]] * [[Chase Rice]] (Dack Janiels/Columbia Nashville) * [[Rich Kidz (hip hop group)|Rich Kidz]] * [[Ricochet (band)|Ricochet]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Rip Chords]] * [[Rise Against]] * [[Andrew Roachford|Roachford]] * [[Marty Robbins]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Emma Roberts]] (Nickelodeon/Columbia) * [[Robinella|Robinella and the CC String Band]] * [[Eileen Rodgers]] * [[David Rogers (singer)|David Rogers]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Rolling Stones]] (Rolling Stones/Columbia) * [[Romeo Void]] (415/Columbia) * [[Mark Ronson]] * [[Robi Dräco Rosa]] * [[Rosalía (singer)|Rosalía]] * [[Charles Rosen]] * [[Lucy Rose]] * [[Tim Rose]] * [[Rick Ross]] * [[Billy Joe Royal]] * [[John Wesley Ryles]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Russ (rapper)|Russ]] * [[Ruth B]] *[[Rosa Linn]] *[[Rita Ora]] (Signed To Roc Nation Prior To Her Move To Atlantic UK, Distributed By Columbia Records) {{div col end}} ==S== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Sum 41]] (Canada) * [[Stromae]] * [[Steve Angello]] * [[Raphael Saadiq]] * [[Bally Sagoo]] * [[David Sánchez (musician)|David Sanchez]] * [[Roger Sanchez]] * [[Felicia Sanders]] * [[Arturo Sandoval]] * [[Sandeé]] (Fever/RAL/Columbia) * [[Santana (band)|Santana]] * [[Savage Garden]] (outside Australia/Japan) * [[Save Ferris]] (Withyn/Columbia) * [[Alexandra Savior]] * [[Scandal (American band)|Scandal]] * [[Kristen Schaal]] (Comedy Central/Columbia) * [[Janne Schaffer]] * [[Patti Scialfa]] * [[Raymond Scott]] * [[Tom Scott (saxophonist)|Tom Scott]] * [[Pete Seeger]] * [[The Seekers]] * [[Seiko Matsuda|Seiko]] * [[Seohyun]] (Namoo Actors/Columbia, Korean releases only) * [[Serart]] * [[Rudolf Serkin]] * [[Serayah (actress)|Serayah]] * [[Shaggy (musician)|Shaggy]] * [[Shakti (band)|Shakti]] * [[Ravi Shankar]] * [[Billy Joe Shaver]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Marlena Shaw]] * [[Woody Shaw]] * [[Dorothy Shay]] * [[Shenandoah (band)|Shenandoah]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[She & Him]] * [[Ricky Van Shelton]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[T.G. Sheppard]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Shins]] (Aural Apothecary/Columbia) * [[Dinah Shore]] * [[Wayne Shorter]] * [[Bobby Sichran]] * [[Frank Czuri#The Silencers|The Silencers]] * [[Silver Condor (band)|Silver Condor]] * [[Lu Ann Simms]] * [[Simple Plan]] * [[Simon & Garfunkel]] * [[Paul Simon]] * [[Carly Simon]] * [[Jessica Simpson]] (Columbia/Columbia Nashville) * [[Frank Sinatra]] * [[Sixpence None the Richer]] * [[Red Skelton]] * [[Slayer]] * [[Sleeping with Sirens]] * [[Bessie Smith]] * [[Connie Smith]] * [[Joanna Smith]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[JoJo Siwa]] * [[Kate Smith]] * [[Lonnie Smith (baseball)|Lonnie Smith]] * [[O. C. Smith]] * [[Patti Smith]] * [[Rex Smith (entertainer)|Rex Smith]] * [[Will Smith]] * [[Willie "Long Time" Smith]] * [[Jussie Smollett]] * [[Phoebe Snow]] * [[Social Distortion]] * [[Solange Knowles|Solange]] * [[Joanie Sommers]] * [[Soul Asylum]] * [[South Border (band)|South Border]] (Philippines) * [[South Central Cartel]] (GWK/DJ West/RAL/Chaos/Columbia) * [[South Park]] (Comedy Central/Columbia/WMG) * [[Spandau Ballet]] (CBS) * [[Sparks (band)|Sparks]] (US) * [[Lucy Spraggan]] * [[Rick Springfield]] * [[Bruce Springsteen]] * [[Spiral Starecase]] * [[Natasha St-Pier]] * [[Stabbing Westward]] * [[Jo Stafford]] * [[Mary Stafford (singer)|Mary Stafford]] * [[The Stanley Brothers]] * [[Ralph Stanley]] * [[The Statler Brothers]] (Columbia Nashville, then [[Mercury Nashville]]) * [[Lennon Stella]] * [[Chris Stapleton]] * [[Stereo Skyline]] * [[Stereomud]] * [[Isaac Stern]] * [[Cal Stewart]] * [[Larry Stewart (singer)|Larry Stewart]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Doug Stone]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Igor Strawinsky]] * [[Barbra Streisand]] * [[The Stunners (group)|The Stunners]] * [[Harry Styles]] * [[Selah Sue]] * [[Sunscreem]] * [[Super Cat]] * [[Superchick]] * [[Surface (band)|Surface]] * [[Sweathog]] * [[The Sweet]] * [[Sweethearts of the Rodeo]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Switchfoot]] * [[Syd (singer)|Syd]] * [[System of a Down]] (American Recordings/Columbia) * [[George Szell]] {{div col end}} ==T== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[T-Pain]] * [[T-Square (band)|T-Square]] * [[Gid Tanner]] & the [[Skillet Lickers]] * [[Mikha Tambayong]] (Sony/Columbia/RCA Malaysia) * [[:id:Audrey Tapiheru|Audrey Tapiheru]] (Sony/Columbia Malaysia) * [[Taproot (band)|Taproot]] * [[Angel Taylor]] * [[James Taylor]] (1977-2007) * [[Johnnie Taylor]] * [[Ten City]] * [[Tenacious D]] * [[Terminator X]] (P.R.O. Division/RAL/Columbia) * [[Khleo Thomas]] * [[Josh Thompson (singer)|Josh Thompson]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Thorns (band)|The Thorns]] * [[Three Days Grace]] * [[The Three Degrees]] (Columbia/Philadelphia International) * [[Three 6 Mafia]] (Hypnotize Minds/Columbia) * [[Charles Davis Tillman]] * [[The Ting Tings]] * [[Libby Titus]] * [[Toad The Wet Sprocket]] * [[Mia Doi Todd]] * [[Satoshi Tomiie|Satoshi Tomīe]] (C2/Columbia) * [[Mel Torme]] * [[Daniel Tosh]] (Comedy Central/Columbia) * [[Toto (band)|Toto]] * [[Henry Townsend (musician)|Henry Townsend]] * [[Tommy Tutone]] * [[Trackmasters]] (Track Masters/Columbia) * [[Train (band)|Train]] * [[Meghan Trainor]] * [[Trance Dance]] * [[Translator (band)|Translator]] (415/Columbia) * [[The Tremeloes]] * [[Rick Trevino]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Travis Tritt]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Richard Tucker (tenor)|Richard Tucker]] * [[Orrin Tucker]] * [[Tanya Tucker]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Leah Turner]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Twisted Wheel (band)|Twisted Wheel]] * [[Bonnie Tyler]] * [[Steve Tyrell]] * [[Tye Tribbett & G.A.]] * [[Tyga]] * [[Tyler, The Creator]] * [[The Kid Laroi|The Kid LAROI (Grade A)]] * [[Treasure (band)|Treasure]] (US)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Choi|first1=Ji-won|title=YG's Treasure taps into US market with Columbia Records|url=https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20230703000668|website=The Korea Herald|date=July 3, 2023|access-date=July 4, 2023|archive-date=July 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704045107/https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20230703000668|url-status=live}}</ref> {{div col end}} ==U== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Magnus Uggla]] * [[James Blood Ulmer]] * [[The Used]] {{div col end}} ==V== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[The Vaccines]] * [[Jerry Vale]] * [[V.I.C]] * [[Valencia (band)|Valencia]] * [[Vampire Weekend]] * [[Van Zant (band)|Van Zant]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Sarah Vaughan]] * [[The Vibrators]] * [[Gilles Vigneault]] (Columbia of Canada) * [[Andreas Vollenweider]] * [[Grace VanderWaal]] * [[Victorious]] cast (including [[Ariana Grande]], [[Elizabeth Gillies]], [[Victoria Justice]], [[Leon Thomas III]] and [[Matt Bennett]]) (Nickelodeon under Columbia) {{div col end}} ==W== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Walk Off the Earth]] (SlapDash/Columbia) * [[Ron Wallace (singer)|Ron Wallace]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Wallflowers]] * [[Bruno Walter]] * [[Wanderléa]] * [[Wardruna]] * [[Warrant (American band)|Warrant]] * [[War Babies (band)|War Babies]] * [[Dionne Warwick]] * [[Muddy Waters]] * [[Roger Waters]] * [[Mike Watt]] * [[André Watts]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Jeff "Tain" Watts]] * [[Jeff Wayne]] * [[The Weather Girls]] * [[Weather Report]] * [[Joan Weber]] * [[Weezer]] (''[[Hurley (album)|Hurley]]'' only) * [[Freddy Weller]] * [[Koe Wetzel]] * [[Wet (band)|Wet]] * [[Kirk Whalum]] * [[Wham!]] (US/Canada) * [[Wheat (band)|Wheat]] * [[Wheatus]] * [[Whipping Boy (Irish band)|Whipping Boy]] * [[Jack White (musician)|Jack White]] (Third Man/Columbia) * [[Maurice White]] * [[Peter White (musician)|Peter White]] * [[White Denim]] * [[Paul Whiteman]] * [[Whitesnake]] (CBS, Japan) * [[Whodini]] (So So Def/Columbia) * [[Rusty Wier]] * [[Wilderness Road (band)|Wilderness Road]] * [[Andy Williams]] * [[Bert Williams]] * [[James D-Train Williams|James "D-Train" Williams]] * [[Deniece Williams]] * [[John Williams]] * [[Michelle Williams (singer)|Michelle Williams]] * [[Pharrell Williams]] * [[Robbie Williams]] * [[Trent Willmon]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Edith Wilson (singer)|Edith Wilson]] * [[Gretchen Wilson]] (Columbia/Columbia Nashville) * [[Teddy Wilson]] * [[Wilson Phillips]] * [[Wings (band)|Wings]] (US/Canada) * [[Edgar Winter]] * [[Johnny Winter]] * [[Wire Train]] (415/Columbia) * [[Wolf Alice]] * [[Michael Wolff (musician)|Michael Wolff]] * [[Charles Wood (singer and actor)|Charles Wood]] ([[Sony Classical|Columbia Masterworks]]) * [[Ron Wood]] * [[Worl-A-Girl]] (Chaos/Columbia) * [[Richard Wright (musician)|Rick Wright]] (outside Europe) * [[Wu-Tang Clan]] (Loud/Columbia) {{div col end}} ==X== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Xscape (band)|Xscape]] (So So Def/Columbia) * [[Xzibit]] (Loud/Columbia) * [[The X-Ecutioners]] (Loud/Columbia) * [[XXXTentacion]] {{div col end}} ==Y== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Billy Yates (singer)|Billy Yates]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Lori Yates]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Yahritza y Su Esencia]] (Lumbre Music) * [[Yelawolf]] * [[Yes (band)|Yes]] * [[Pete Yorn]] * [[Paul Young]] * [[Tata Young]] * [[Bryshere Y. Gray|Yazz the Greatest]] {{div col end}} ==Z== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Hector Zazou]] * [[Zebrahead]] * [[Denny Zeitlin]] * [[Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons]] (USA/Canada, ''[[Screaming Targets]]'' through Full Moon/Columbia) * [[Zhavia]] * [[Zhu (musician)|ZHU]] * [[ZZ Top]] {{div col end}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Columbia Records artists, list of}} [[Category:Lists of musicians]] bynxytqzk81z7r1egy7untcfkbpo08f 10367925 10367923 2025-07-02T17:00:44Z Davey2010 314522 Reverting edit(s) by [[Special:Contributions/185.13.107.187|185.13.107.187]] ([[User_talk:185.13.107.187|talk]]) : [[WP:VANDAL|Vandalism]] 10367925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|Columbia Records artists of the old Columbia Graphophone Co. label which EMI owned|List of Columbia Graphophone Company artists}} A partial listing of recording artists who currently or formerly recorded for [[Columbia Records]] (known in most of the world as [[CBS Records International|CBS Records]] prior to 1991) include the following list. <!--Please make a note if recordings were only leased from another label, this page should basically only list recording artists.--> {{horizontal TOC|nonum=yes}} ==0–9== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages.* * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[24kGoldn]] * [[3LW]] (So So Def/Columbia) * [[3rd Bass]] (Def Jam/Columbia) * [[3rd Faze]] * [[50 Cent]] {{div col end}} ==A== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Gregory Abbott]] * [[AC/DC]] * [[Acceptance (band)|Acceptance]] * [[Yolanda Adams]] * [[Addrisi Brothers]] * [[Adele]] (USA/Canada/Latin America from 2008 to 2021 under [[XL Recordings|XL]]/Columbia, worldwide since 2021 under Melted Stone/Columbia) * [[Aerosmith]] * [[The Afghan Whigs]] * [[The Afters]] * [[Todd Agnew]] * [[Alabama 3]] * [[Alex & Sierra]] * [[Jessi Alexander]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Ora Alexander]] * [[Lucky Ali]] * [[Alice in Chains]] * [[Tha Alkaholiks]] (Loud/Columbia) * [[María Conchita Alonso]] * [[Alvin and the Chipmunks]] * [[Amerie]] (Rise/Columbia) * [[Amil (rapper)|Amil]] (Roc-A-Fella/Columbia) * [[Trey Anastasio]] * [[Anberlin]] * [[Angélique Kidjo]] * [[Anggun]] * [[Eric Andersen]] * [[Jon Anderson]] * [[Keith Anderson]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Lynn Anderson]] * [[The Andrews Sisters]] * [[Anjani]] * [[Paul Anka]] * [[Marc Anthony]] * [[Anthrax (American band)|Anthrax]] * [[Apoptygma Berzerk]] * [[Fiona Apple]] (Work/Columbia) * [[The Apex Theory]] * [[Aqualung (musician)|Aqualung]] * [[Tina Arena]] * [[Arcade Fire]] * [[Arizona Zervas]] * [[Toni Arden]] * [[Louis Armstrong]] * [[Artful Dodger (US band)|Artful Dodger]] * [[James Arthur (singer)|James Arthur]] * [[The Association]] * [[:id:Astrid Sartiasari|Astrid Sartiasari]] (Sony/Epic/Columbia Malaysia) * [[Aşkın Nur Yengi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/release/9579146-A%C5%9Fk%C4%B1n-Nur-Yengi-A%C5%9Fktan-Olsa-Gerek|title=Aşkın Nur Yengi - Aşk'tan Olsa Gerek|date=25 November 2016|access-date=5 December 2023|website=Discogs.com}}</ref> * [[ATEEZ]] * [[Chet Atkins]] * [[Nicole Atkins]] * [[The Ataris]] * [[Atlanta Rhythm Section]] * [[Gene Autry]] * [[The Avant-Garde (band)|The Avant-Garde]] * [[Axis of Justice]] * [[Au/Ra]] (Loudmouth/Columbia) * [[The Automatic Automatic]] * [[Aster Aweke]] * [[Roy Ayers]] * [[Ayo & Teo]] * [[Azteca (band)|Azteca]] {{div col end}} ==B== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[B.T. Express]] * [[Burt Bacharach]] * [[Tal Bachman]] * [[The Bad Plus]] * [[Bad Religion]] * [[Mildred Bailey]] * [[Philip Bailey]] * [[Moe Bandy]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Bangles]] * [[R.C. Bannon]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Bobby Bare]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Ed Bell (musician)|Barefoot Bill From Alabama]] * [[Keith Barrow]] * [[John Barry (composer)|John Barry]] (CBS)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://45-sleeves.com/UK/cbs/L3.jpg|title=Record sleeve : John Barry - "Vendetta" (CBS)|website=45-sleeves.com|access-date=September 6, 2014}}</ref> * [[Karl Bartos]] * [[Count Basie]] * [[David Batteau|Batteaux]] * [[:id:Bukan Bintang Biasa|BBB]] (Columbia Jakarta) * [[Beady Eye]] (outside US) * [[Beastie Boys]] (Def Jam/Columbia) * [[Bix Beiderbecke]] * [[Bedük]] * [[Bel Canto (band)|Bel Canto]] * [[Drake Bell]] (Nickelodeon/Columbia) * [[Marcella Bella]] * [[Regina Belle]] * [[Tony Bennett]] (RPM/Columbia) * [[George Benson]] * [[Cheryl Bentyne]] (member of Manhattan Transfer) * [[Polly Bergen]] * [[Herschel Bernardi]] * [[Leonard Bernstein]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Beyoncé]] (Since 2011, has released her music through her label [[Parkwood Entertainment]]/Columbia) * [[Big Audio Dynamite]] * [[Big Brother and the Holding Company]] * [[Big L]] * [[Big Pun]] (Loud/Columbia) * [[Big Time Rush (band)|Big Time Rush]] (Nickelodeon/Columbia) * [[E. Power Biggs]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Tony Bird (singer-songwriter)|Tony Bird]] * [[Bizarre Inc]] (Vinyl Solution/Columbia) * [[Blá Blá Blá]] * [[Black Kids]] * [[Blackhawk (band)|Blackhawk]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Art Blakey]] * [[Blaque]] (Track Masters/Columbia) * [[Blink-182]] * [[Blood, Sweat & Tears]] * [[Bloodhound Gang]] * [[Mike Bloomfield]] * [[Blue Öyster Cult]] * [[Arthur Blythe]] * [[Bob's Burgers|The Bob's Burgers Album]] * [[Bobby & The Midnites]] * [[Willie Bobo]] * [[Tommy Bolin]] * [[Claude Bolling]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Michael Bolton]] * [[Richard Bona]] * [[Karla Bonoff]] * [[The Boomtown Rats]] (US) * [[Larry Boone]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Boss (rapper)|Boss]] (DJ West/Chaos/Columbia) * [[Chris Botti]] * [[Pierre Boulez]] * [[Bow Wow (rapper)|Bow Wow]] * [[Wade Bowen]] (Sea Gayle/Columbia Nashville) * [[David Bowie]] (ISO Records, licensed to Columbia) * [[Charlie Bowman|Fiddlin' Charlie Bowman]] * [[Jimmy Boyd]] * [[Liona Boyd]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Susan Boyle]] (Syco Music/Columbia) (US) * [[Brakence]] * [[Bravehearts]] * [[Breathe Carolina]] * [[Teresa Brewer]] * [[Bring Me the Horizon]] * [[Britny Fox]] * [[Broken Bells]] * [[David Bromberg]] * [[The Brothers Four]] * [[Dave Brubeck]] * [[Luke Bryan]] * [[Anita Bryant]] * [[Ray Bryant]] * [[Lindsey Buckingham]] * [[The Buckinghams]] * [[Jeff Buckley]] * [[Buckner & Garcia]] * [[Buckshot LeFonque]] * [[Budapest String Quartet]] * [[Bullet for My Valentine]] * [[Vernon Burch]] * [[Hannibal Buress]] (Comedy Central/Columbia) * [[Carol Burnett]] * [[T-Bone Burnett]] * [[Billy Burnette]] * [[Kate Bush]] (US) * [[Ferruccio Busoni]] * [[Busta Rhymes]] * [[Carl Butler]] * [[Champ Butler]] * [[Pearl Butler]] * [[Billy Butterfield]] * [[Charlie Byrd]] * [[The Byrds]] * [[Peabo Bryson]] {{div col end}} ==C== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[C+C Music Factory]] * [[Cha Cha (rapper)|Cha Cha]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/Dear-Diary-Columbia-Records-Sony/dp/B019GRQIUI |website=Amazon.com |title=Dear Diary by Columbia Records/Sony |asin=B019GRQIUI |access-date=October 30, 2016}}</ref> * [[Francis Cabrel]] * [[Cage Kennylz]] * [[Susan Cagle]] * [[Caitlin & Will]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Cake (band)|Cake]] * [[Calamity Jane (country music band)|Calamity Jane]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Cab Calloway]] * [[Court Yard Hounds]] * [[Dove Cameron]] * [[Paula Campbell (singer)|Paula Campbell]] * [[Stacy Dean Campbell]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Cannons (band)|Cannons]] * [[Eddie Cantor]] * [[Jerry Cantrell]] * [[Mariah Carey]] * [[Carcass (band)|Carcass]] * [[Matt Cardle]] * [[Brandi Carlile]] * [[Roberto Carlos (singer)|Roberto Carlos]] * [[Wendy Carlos]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Mary Chapin Carpenter]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Vikki Carr]] * [[Raffaella Carrà]] * [[Carrie Underwood]] * [[Jenny Lou Carson]] * [[Mindy Carson]] * [[Carter Family]] (Original group, 2nd and 3rd generations) * [[The Carter Sisters]] also called "Carter Sisters & Mother Maybelle" * [[Anita Carter]] * [[Helen Carter]] (Okeh) * [[James Carter (musician)|James Carter]] * [[June Carter]] * [[Maybelle Carter]] * [[Valerie Carter]] (transferred to ARC/Columbia for ''Wild Child'') * [[Pablo Casals]] * [[Johnny Cash]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[June Carter Cash]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Ray Cash]] * [[Rosanne Cash]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Cathedral (band)|Cathedral]] * [[Cecilio & Kapono]] * [[John Cena]] * [[Central Cee]] * [[Chad & Jeremy]] * [[The Chainsmokers]] * [[Chairlift (band)|Chairlift]] * [[Chalk FarM (band)|Chalk FarM]] * [[The Chambers Brothers]] * [[Champaign (band)|Champaign]] * [[Carol Channing]] * [[Ray Charles]] * [[Charlie (band)|Charlie]] (''Fantasy Girls'' album, USA) * [[Chayanne]] * [[Cher]] * [[Cherub (musical duo)|Cherub]] * [[Kenny Chesney]] (Blue Chair/Columbia Nashville) * [[Mark Chesnutt]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Chevelle (band)|Chevelle]] * [[The Chieftains]] (outside of Ireland) * [[Chicago (band)|Chicago]] * [[The Chipettes]] * [[Chipmunk (rapper)|Chipmunk]] * [[Christie (band)|Christie]] (CBS) * [[Lou Christie]] * [[Susan Christie]] * [[Charlotte Church]] * [[Christine McVie]] * [[The Chuck Wagon Gang]] * [[Circus of Power]] * [[Clams Casino (musician)|Clams Casino]] * [[The Clancy Brothers]] and [[Tommy Makem]] * [[Buddy Clark (singer)|Buddy Clark]] * [[Petula Clark]] (UK, France and Canada) * [[Anne Clark (poet)|Anne Clark]] * [[The Clash]] * [[David Clayton-Thomas]] * [[Buzz Clifford]] * [[Rosemary Clooney]] * [[Clutch (band)|Clutch]] * [[The Coasters]] * [[Bruce Cockburn]] * [[David Allan Coe]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Amber Coffman]] * [[Coheed and Cambria]] * [[Adam Cohen (musician)|Adam Cohen]] * [[Leonard Cohen]] * [[Coin (band)|Coin]] * [[Ornette Coleman]] * [[Collie Buddz]] * [[Colosseum (band)|Colosseum]] * [[Arthur Collins (singer)|Arthur Collins]] * [[Columbia Symphony Orchestra]] * [[Chi Coltrane]] * [[Shawn Colvin]] * [[Luke Combs]] (River House/Columbia Nashville) * [[Les Compagnons de la chanson]] (CBS Disques S.A.) * [[Jack DeJohnette|Compost]] * [[Jeff Conaway]] * [[John Conlee]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Harry Connick Jr.]] * [[Ray Conniff]] * [[Consequence (rapper)|Consequence]] * [[Aaron Copland]] * [[The Coral]] * [[Chick Corea]] * [[Jill Corey]] * [[Miranda Cosgrove]] (Nickelodeon/Columbia) * [[Elvis Costello]] (US) * [[Court Yard Hounds]] * [[Billy "Crash" Craddock]] * [[Robert Craft]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Creed (band)|Creed]] * [[Rachel Crow]] * [[Rodney Crowell]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Cryan' Shames]] * [[Cry of Love (band)|Cry of Love]] * [[Crazy Town]] * [[Darren Criss]] * [[CRX (band)|CRX]] * [[Xavier Cugat]] * [[Cypress Hill]] (Ruffhouse/Columbia) * [[The Cyrkle]] * [[Miley Cyrus]] {{div col end}} ==D== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[D Generation]] * [[Da Brat]] (So So Def/Columbia) * [[Daft Punk]] (Daft Life/Columbia) * [[Lacy J. Dalton]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Vic Damone]] * [[Dangerous Toys]] * [[Danzig (band)|Danzig]] * [[The Daou]] * [[Terence Trent D'Arby]] * [[Bobby Darin]] * [[Joe Dassin]] (CBS Disques S.A. and Columbia of Canada) * [[Dave (singer)|Dave]] (CBS Disques S.A.) * [[Dave Gahan]] (member of Depeche Mode) * [[John Davidson (entertainer)|John Davidson]] * [[Jimmie Davis]] * [[Mac Davis]] * [[Miles Davis]] * [[Tyrone Davis]] * [[Doris Day]] * [[Stu Daye]] (Pilot/Columbia) * [[Jimmy Dean]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Death (metal band)|Death]] * [[Death Grips]] * [[Cole Deggs & the Lonesome]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Paco de Lucía]] * [[Declan McKenna]] * [[Dej Loaf]] * [[Delaney & Bonnie]] * [[Depeche Mode]] (Mute/Columbia) * [[The Derek Trucks Band]] * [[Destiny's Child]] (Music World/Columbia) * [[Frank De Vol]] * [[Barry De Vorzon]] * [[Dillon Francis]] * [[Al Di Meola]] * [[Neil Diamond]] * [[Dion DiMucci|Dion]] * [[Celine Dion]] * [[Il Divo]] * [[Die Ärzte]] (1984–1988) * [[Dixie Chicks]] (Wide Open/Columbia Nashville) * [[DJ Kayslay]] * [[DMX (rapper)|DMX]] (former) * [[Dr. Dre]] (former) * [[Dr. Feelgood (band)|Dr. Feelgood]] (USA/Canada) * [[Dr. Hook & the Medicine Show]] * [[Deryl Dodd]] * [[Tim Dog]] (Ruffhouse/Columbia) * [[Ned Doheny]] * [[Dokken]] * [[Domo Genesis]] ([[Odd Future Records|Odd Future]]/Columbia) * [[The Dorsey Brothers]] * [[Downtown Science (group)|Downtown Science]] (Def Jam/Columbia) * [[Sue Draheim]] * [[Drowning Pool]] * [[Duo Tal & Groethuysen]] * [[Jermaine Dupri]] (So So Def/Columbia) * [[Bob Dylan]] * [[Jakob Dylan]] * [[Ronnie Dyson]] {{div col end}} ==E== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Earl Sweatshirt]] (Tan Cressida) * [[Earth, Wind & Fire]] (ARC/Columbia) * [[Walter Egan]] * [[The Electric Flag]] * [[Elaine (singer)|Elaine]] * [[Electric Light Orchestra]] * [[Elkland (band)|Elkland]] * [[Duke Ellington]] * [[Don Ellis]] * [[Emilio Navaira]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Emotions]] * [[Empire (2015 TV series)|''Empire'' cast]] * [[EPMD]] (Def Jam/RAL/Columbia) * [[Esbjörn Svensson Trio|E.S.T.]] * [[David Essex]] * [[Ethan Bortnick]] * [[Evan and Jaron]] * [[Jackie Evancho]] (Syco Music/Columbia) * [[Evanescence]] * [[Bill Evans]] * [[Tiffany Evans]] * [[George Ezra]] * [[Fleur East]] * [[Perrie Edwards]] {{div col end}} ==F== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Barbara Fairchild]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Shelly Fairchild]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Percy Faith]] * [[Rose Falcon]] * [[Fania All-Stars]] * [[Tyler Farr]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Eileen Farrell]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Dionne Farris]] * [[Fastway (band)|Fastway]] * [[Rebecca Ferguson (singer)|Rebecca Ferguson]] (Syco Music/Columbia) * [[Nino Ferrer]] (CBS Disques S.A.) * [[Fertig, Los!]] * [[Dominic Fike]] * [[Fingertight]] * [[Firehose (band)|Firehose]] * [[The Firesign Theatre]] * [[First Aid Kit (band)|First Aid Kit]] * [[Ella Fitzgerald]] * [[Five for Fighting]] * [[Five Finger Death Punch]] (Prospect Park) * [[Béla Fleck]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Fleetwood Mac]] (Blue Horizon/CBS) (outside US/Canada) * [[The Flying Burrito Brothers]] * [[Dan Fogelberg]] * [[Foggy Mountain Boys]] * [[Ronnie Foster]] * [[Foster the People]] * [[The Four Lads]] * [[Zino Francescatti]] * [[Frankie J]] * [[Aretha Franklin]] * [[Franz Ferdinand (band)|Franz Ferdinand]] * [[Fraser & DeBolt]] * [[Frenship]] * [[Janie Fricke]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[David Frizzell]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Front (band)|The Front]] * [[Michel Fugain]] (CBS Disques S.A. France) * [[Fugees]] (Ruffhouse/Columbia) * [[Full Force]] * [[Future (rapper)|Future]] {{div col end}} ==G== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Jean Gabin]] (CBS Disques S.A.) * [[:id:Janita Gabriella|Janita Gabriella]] (Sony/Columbia Malaysia) * [[André Gagnon]] (Columbia of Canada) * [[Eric Gale]] * [[Patsy Gallant]] (Columbia of Canada) * [[Katy Garbi]] * [[Sean Garrett]] ([[Roc Nation]]/Columbia) * [[Art Garfunkel]] * [[Judy Garland]] * [[Bradley Gaskin]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Larry Gatlin]] (Columbia Nashville, first six albums leased from Monument) * [[Marvin Gaye]] * [[Crystal Gayle]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Stan Getz]] * [[J Geils Band]] * [[Teddy Geiger]] * [[George Gershwin]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Gentle Giant]] (US and Canada, leased from Vertigo and Chrysalis) * [[Gesaffelstein]] * [[Gigi (Indonesian band)|Gigi]] (Sony/Columbia Malaysia) * [[Art Gillham]] (The Whispering Pianist) (first electrical recording 1925) * [[Elizabeth Gillies]] (Nickelodeon/Columbia) * [[Terry Gilkyson]] * [[David Gilmour]] * [[Glasvegas]] * [[Glee Cast|''Glee'' cast]] * Glokk40Spaz * [[Glowie]] * [[The Go! Team]] * [[Goapele]] (Skyblaze/Columbia) * [[Arthur Godfrey]] * [[Gogol Bordello]] * [[Goldfinger (band)|Goldfinger]] * [[Benny Golson]] * [[GoodBooks]] * [[Benny Goodman]] * [[Delta Goodrem]] * [[Dexter Gordon]] * [[Eydie Gormé]] * [[Vern Gosdin]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Gossip (band)|Gossip]] * [[Glenn Gould]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Robert Goulet]] * [[Geolier]] * [[Lawrence Gowan|Gowan]] (Anthem/Columbia) * [[Alana Grace]] * [[Jamie Grace]] * [[Stéphane Grappelli]] * [[Diva Gray]] * [[Gregory Gray]] * [[Mark Gray (singer)|Mark Gray]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Great Plains (Tennessee band)|Great Plains]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Partridge Green]] * [[Vivian Green]] * [[Gene Greene]] * [[Kenneth W. Griffin|Ken Griffin]] * [[Gumball (band)|Gumball]] * [[A Guy Called Gerald]] * [[Grimes (musician)|Grimes]] * [[Grace Vanderwaal]] {{div col end}} ==H== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Bruce Haack]] * [[Haim (band)|Haim]] * [[Nina Hagen]] * [[Adelaide Hall]] * [[John Hall (New York politician)|John Hall]] (''Power'' released through ARC/Columbia) * [[Halsey (singer)|Halsey]] * [[Paul Hampton]] * [[Herbie Hancock]] * [[Hanoi Rocks]] * [[The Harden Trio]] * [[Arlene Harden]] * [[Tim Hardin]] * [[The Harmonicats]] * [[Jimmy Harnen]] * [[Calvin Harris]] * [[Corey Hart (singer)|Corey Hart]] (Columbia of Canada) * [[Sophie B. Hawkins]] * [[Darren Hayes]] * [[Isaac Hayes]] * [[Wade Hayes]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Roy Haynes]] * [[Harlem World (group)|Harlem World]] (So So Def/Columbia) * [[Hawks (band)|Hawks]] * [[Heart (band)|Heart]] * [[Heath Brothers]] * [[Heaven's Edge]] * [[Mitch Hedberg]] (Comedy Central/Columbia) * [[Coleman Hell]] * [[Hellyeah]] * [[Ella Henderson]] (Syco Music/Columbia) (US) * [[Fletcher Henderson]] * [[Woody Herman]] * [[Patrick Hernandez]] * [[Ari Hest]] * [[Hey Monday]] (Decaydance/Columbia) * [[The Highwaymen (country supergroup)|The Highwaymen]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Dan Hill]] * [[Lauryn Hill]] * [[Z.Z. Hill]] * [[The Hi-Lo's]] * [[Mattie Hite]] * [[Hodgy]] * [[Billie Holiday]] * [[Jake Holmes]] * [[The Hooters]] * [[Linda Hopkins]] * [[Dan Hornsby]] * [[Vladimir Horowitz]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Johnny Horton]] * [[Cissy Houston]] * [[Marques Houston]] * [[Terrence Howard]] * [[How to Destroy Angels (band)|How to Destroy Angels]] * [[Home Free (group)|Home Free]] * [[Hozier]] (US/Canada/Australia) * [[Freddie Hubbard]] * [[Hundred Reasons]] {{div col end}} ==I== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Julio Iglesias]] * [[Jack Ingram]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Inner City (band)|Inner City]] * [[Insane Clown Posse]] (Psychopathic Records; distribution only) * [[Irakere]] * [[Iron Maiden]] (US) * [[It's a Beautiful Day]] * [[Ive (group)|Ive]] (Starship/Columbia; Korean releases only)<ref>{{Cite news|last=Yoon|first=Sang-keun|date=March 24, 2023|url=https://v.daum.net/v/20230324091631379|title='컴백' 아이브 북미 진출 본격화..카카오X소니뮤직 손잡았다[공식]|language=ko|work=StarNews|url-status=live|access-date=March 24, 2023|via=Daum|archive-date=March 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324015747/https://v.daum.net/v/20230324091631379}}</ref> * [[The Internet (band)|The Internet]] (Odd Future/Columbia) {{div col end}} ==J== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[J. Cole]] ([[Roc Nation]]/Columbia) * [[The Jacksons]] * [[Mahalia Jackson]] * [[Michael Jackson]] * [[Rebbie Jackson]] * [[Stonewall Jackson (musician)|Stonewall Jackson]] * [[Jaroslav Jakubovič]] * [[Jagged Edge (American group)|Jagged Edge]] (So So Def/Columbia) * [[Bob James (musician)|Bob James]] (Columbia/Tappan Zee; material was later reissued by [[Warner Records|Warner Bros. Records]]) * [[Casey James]] (19/Columbia Nashville) * [[Harry James]] * [[Sonny James]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Tom Jans]] * [[Lauren Jauregui]] * [[Jay Z]] (Def Jam - until 2009) * [[Wyclef Jean]] * [[Jennie (singer)|Jennie]] (Odd Atelier/Columbia) * [[Lyfe Jennings]] * [[Buddy Jewell]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[J-Kwon]] * [[Joan Jett and the Blackhearts]] (Blackheart Records) * [[Kari Jobe]] (Integrity/Columbia) * [[The Joe Perry Project]] * [[Billy Joel]] * [[J.J. Johnson]] * [[Robert Johnson (musician)|Robert Johnson]] * [[Jim Jones (rapper)|Jim Jones]] * [[Oran "Juice" Jones]] (Def Jam/Columbia) * [[Janis Joplin]] * [[Alexis Jordan]] * [[Josie and the Pussycats (album)|Josie and the Pussycats]] * [[Journey (band)|Journey]] * [[Judas Priest]] * [[Juicy J]] * [[Juilliard String Quartet]] * [[Pauline Julien]] * [[Junkie XL]] * [[Juno Reactor]] * [[Victoria Justice]] (Nickelodeon/Columbia) * [[Jussie Smollett]] {{div col end}} ==K== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Patricia Kaas]] * [[Brenda Kahn]] * [[Roger Wolfe Kahn]] * [[Ini Kamoze]] * [[Christian Kane]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Madleen Kane]] * [[Miles Kane]] * [[Kasabian]] * [[Katy B]] (Rinse FM/Columbia) * [[Sammy Kaye]] * [[Jorma Kaukonen]] * [[Mat Kearney]] * [[Kenna]] * [[Raymond Louis Kennedy]] (ARC/Columbia) * [[Alicia Keys]] * [[Kreayshawn]] * [[Kid Capri]] (Track Masters/Columbia) * [[Angélique Kidjo]] * [[Killer Mike]] (Aquemini/Columbia) * [[Killing Joke]] * [[Killradio]] * [[Killswitch Engage]] * [[Carl King (singer)|Carl King]] * [[Peggy King]] * [[King Princess]] * [[Kings of Leon]] * [[The Kinks]] * [[John Kirby (musician)|John Kirby]] * [[Gladys Knight]] * [[Gladys Knight & the Pips]] * [[Holly Knight]] (self-titled album) * [[Reggie Knighton]] (transferred to ARC/Columbia for ''The Reggie Knighton Band'') *[[Koe Wetzel]] * [[Kool Keith]] (Ruffhouse/Columbia) * [[Al Kooper]] * [[Korn]] (until 2009) * [[Andre Kostelanetz]] * [[Kraftwerk]] * [[Chantal Kreviazuk]] * [[Kris Kross]] (Ruffhouse/Columbia) * [[Toshinobu Kubota]] * [[Kula Shaker]] * [[Leah Kunkel]] * [[Kurious]] (Hoppoh/Columbia) * [[Kay Kyser]] * [[Krewella]] {{div col end}} ==L== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Labrinth]] (US) * [[Frankie Laine]] * [[Lake (German band)|Lake]] * [[Kendrick Lamar]] * [[Lamb of God (band)|Lamb of God]] * [[Lambert, Hendricks & Ross]] * [[Miranda Lambert]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[George Lamond]] * [[Catherine Lara]] * [[The Lashes]] * [[The Laughing Dogs]] * [[Steve Lawrence]] * [[Hubert Laws]] * [[LCD Soundsystem]] * [[Denis Leary]] (Comedy Central/Columbia) * [[Lecrae]] * [[Michele Lee]] * [[Mylon LeFevre]] (Columbia and CBS Associated) * [[Leftfield]] (Hard Hands/Columbia) * [[John Legend]] * [[Len (band)|Len]] * [[Gérard Lenorman]] * [[LÉON (Swedish singer)|LÉON]] * [[Lewis Del Mar]] * [[LunchMoney Lewis]] (Kemosabe/Columbia) * [[Ted Lewis (musician)|Ted Lewis]] * [[Monique Leyrac]] * [[Prudence Liew]] * [[Lil' Fizz]] * [[Lil' Flip]] (Loud/Columbia) * [[Lil Nas X]] * [[Lil Peep|Lil' Peep]] * [[Lil Tjay]] * [[Lil Xan|Lil' Xan]] * [[Mark Lindsay]] * [[Lisa Lisa and Cult Jam]] * [[LL Cool J]] (Def Jam/Columbia) * [[Lo Fidelity Allstars]] (Skint/Columbia) * [[Kenny Loggins]] * [[Loggins and Messina]] * [[Little Mix]] (US) * [[Guy Lombardo]]<ref>[https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/guy-lombardo-and-his-royal-canadians-emc The Canadian Encyclopedia: "Guy Lombardo and His Royal Canadians" Mookg, Edward B. (6 April 2008 rev. 4 March 2015) on thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en]</ref> * [[London String Quartet]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Lone Star (band)|Lone Star]] * [[Brice Long]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Bobby Lord]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Lord Tariq and Peter Gunz]] * [[Lostprophets]] * [[Lous and the Yakuza]]<ref name="Konbini">{{cite web|last=Narduzzi|first=Guillaume|url=https://www.konbini.com/fr/musique/lous-and-the-yakuza-warm-up/|title=Avec sa pop ravageuse, Lous and The Yakuza vient enterrer le game|website=Konbini.com|date=October 28, 2019|access-date=May 24, 2020}}</ref> * [[Lovedrug]] * [[Love Affair (band)|The Love Affair]] (outside US) * [[Love/Hate (band)|Love/Hate]] * [[Loverboy]] * [[Nick Lowe]] (US) * [[LSD (collaboration)|LSD]] * [[Norman Luboff]] * [[LeToya Luckett]] * [[Jimmie Lunceford]] * [[Cheryl Lynn]] {{div col end}} ==M== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[MN8]] * [[M.I.A. (rapper)|M.I.A.]] * [[Macklemore]] * [[Macklemore and Ryan Lewis]] * [[Magic Man (band)|Magic Man]] * [[Magnetic Man]] * [[Mad Cobra]] * [[Madeon]] * [[Taj Mahal (musician)|Taj Mahal]] * [[Mahavishnu Orchestra]] * [[Mahogany Rush]] * [[Natalie Maines]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Manic Street Preachers]] * [[Barbara Mandrell]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Chuck Mangione]] * [[The Manhattan Transfer]] (1991–92) * [[The Manhattans]] * [[Barry Manilow]] * [[Frank Marino]] * [[Marmalade (band)|Marmalade]] * [[Branford Marsalis]] * [[Ellis Marsalis Jr.]] * [[Wynton Marsalis]] * [[Marshanda]] (Sony/Columbia Malaysia) * [[Marshmello]] * [[Martika]] * [[Ricky Martin]] (C2/Columbia) * [[Martina McBride]] * [[Mary Mary]] * [[Ma$e]] (So So Def/Columbia) * [[Mashmakhan]] * [[Jackie Mason]] * [[Nick Mason]] (outside Europe) * [[Johnny Mathis]] * [[Iain Matthews]] (1976–77) * [[Matthews, Wright & King]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Maxwell (musician)|Maxwell]] * [[John Mayer (musician)|John Mayer]] (Aware/Columbia) * [[Rachael MacFarlane]] * [[Seth MacFarlane]] * [[Paul McCartney]] (US/Canada, after 1979) * [[Jennette McCurdy]] (Nickelodeon/Columbia) * [[Roger McGuinn]] * [[Joey McIntyre]] (C2/Columbia) * [[Nellie McKay]] * [[Scott McKenzie]] * [[John McLaughlin (musician)|John McLaughlin]] * [[Marshall McLuhan]] * [[Katharine McPhee]] * [[Peter McPoland]] * [[Carmen McRae]] * [[MC Serch]] (Def Jam/Chaos/Columbia) * [[Mecano]] * [[Mark Medlock]] * [[Megadeth]] * [[John Mellencamp]] * [[Memento (band)|Memento]] * [[Men at Work]] * [[Maria Mena]] * [[Tim Mensy]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes]] (Philadelphia International/Columbia) * [[Freddie Mercury]] * [[Metallica]] (until 1991) * [[MFSB]] (Philadelphia International/Columbia) * [[MGMT]] * [[George Michael]] (US/Canada) * [[Lea Michele]] * [[John Rocca|Midi Rain]] (Vinyl Solution/Columbia) * [[Bette Midler]] * [[Midtown (band)|Midtown]] * [[Mile (band)|Mile]] * [[Miley Cyrus]] * [[Mitch Miller]] * [[T. Mills]] * [[Nathan Milstein]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Charles Mingus]] * [[Liza Minnelli]] * [[Misfits (band)|Misfits]] * [[Guy Mitchell]] * [[Dimitri Mitropoulos]] * [[MKTO]] * [[Ms Mr]] * [[Mr. T]] * [[Mobb Deep]] (Loud/Columbia) * [[Moby (musician)|Moby]] * [[Moby Grape]] * [[Don Moen (singer)|Don Moen]] (Integrity/Columbia) * [[Katy Moffatt]] * [[Eddie Money]] (Wolfgang/Columbia) * [[Thelonious Monk]] * [[Ashley Monroe]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Montgomery Gentry]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Sara Montiel]] * [[Jackie Moore (singer)|Jackie Moore]] * [[M.O.P.]] *[[Megan Moroney]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Moxie Raia]] * [[Alanis Morissette]] (Columbia SevenOne) (Europe) * [[Mormon Tabernacle Choir]] * [[Maren Morris]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Motion City Soundtrack]] * [[Mudhoney]] * [[Mudvayne]] * [[Shawn Mullins]] * [[Eddie Murphy]] * [[Elliott Murphy]] * [[Olly Murs]] * [[Primrose (group)#Former members|Yeum Myongwoo]] (Sony Music/Columbia/Epic Records, Korean releases only) {{div col end}} ==N== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Jim Nabors]] * [[Nat & Alex Wolff|The Naked Brothers Band]] (Nickelodeon/Columbia) * [[Natalie Maines]] * [[Anna Nalick]] * [[Nas]] * [[Nature (rapper)|Nature]] * [[Naya Rivera]] (dropped) * [[The Neighbourhood]] * [[Willie Nelson]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Nena]] (CBS Schallplatten) * [[N.E.R.D.]] * [[Peter Nero]] * [[The New Christy Minstrels]] * [[New Kids on the Block]] * [[Randy Newman]] * [[Nice & Smooth]] (RAL/Columbia) * [[Willie Nile]] * [[Nine Inch Nails]] (Null Corp./Columbia) (US/Taiwan) * [[NKOTBSB]] * [[No Wyld]] * [[Noemi (singer)|Noemi]] * [[Northern State (band)|Northern State]] {{div col end}} ==O== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[OG Maco]] * [[The O'Jays]] (Philadelphia International/Columbia) * [[The O'Kanes]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Oak Ridge Boys]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Oasis (band)|Oasis]] (Big Brother/Helter Skelter/Columbia) (US) * [[Frank Ocean]] * [[Odd Future]] * [[The Offspring]] (1997–2013) * [[Babatunde Olatunji]] * [[Old Crow Medicine Show]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Old Dominion (band)|Old Dominion]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Ollabelle]] * [[Joe "King" Oliver]] * [[One Direction]] (Columbia) (US) * [[OneRepublic]]* * [[Onyx (group)|Onyx]] (JMJ/RAL/Chaos/Columbia) * [[Oomph!]] * [[Original Concept]] (Def Jam/Columbia) * [[Eugene Ormandy]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Our Lady Peace]] * [[The Outfield]] * [[OutKast]] * [[Ozzy Osbourne]] {{div col end}} ==P== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[P1Harmony]] ([[FNC Entertainment]]/Columbia) (US) * [[Papa Roach]] * [[Passion Pit]] * [[Patti Page]] * [[Polo G]] * [[Michel Pagliaro]] * [[Johan Palm]] * [[Dolly Parton]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Billy Paul]] (Philadelphia International/Columbia) * [[Les Paul]] and [[Mary Ford]] * [[Pavlov's Dog (band)|Pavlov's Dog]] (debut album leased from [[ABC Records]]) * [[Peace (band)|Peace]] * [[Peach Pit (band)|Peach Pit]] * [[Pearl Jam]] * [[Gayla Peevey]] * [[Christine McVie|Christine Perfect]] (Blue Horizon/CBS) (outside US/Canada) * [[Katy Perry]] * [[Steve Perry (musician)|Steve Perry]] * [[Julian Perretta]] * [[Persephone's Bees]] * [[Joe Pesci]] * [[Philadelphia Orchestra]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Washington Phillips]] * [[Edith Piaf]] * [[Kellie Pickler]] (19/Columbia Nashville) * [[Pink Floyd]] (outside Europe) * [[Joe Piscopo]] * [[Mary Kay Place]] * [[Manitas de Plata]] * [[Rachel Platten]] * [[Play (Swedish group)|Play]] * [[P.O.D.]] * [[Pamela Polland]] * [[Jean-Luc Ponty]] * [[Powerman 5000]] * [[Prairie Madness]] * [[Pras]] (Ruffhouse/Columbia) * [[Andy Pratt (singer-songwriter)|Andy Pratt]] * [[The Presidents of the United States of America (band)|The Presidents of the United States of America]] * [[Pretty Maids]] * [[PrettyMuch]] * [[Ray Price (musician)|Ray Price]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Primal Scream]] * [[Prince (musician)|Prince]] (NPG/Columbia) * [[Charles A. Prince]] * [[Project Pat]] (Hypnotize Minds/Columbia) * [[The Psycho Realm]] (Ruffhouse/Columbia) * [[Public Enemy (band)|Public Enemy]] (Def Jam/Columbia) * [[Gary Puckett & The Union Gap]] * [[The Puppies]] (Chaos/Columbia) * [[ppcocaine]] * [[Perrie Edwards|Perrie]] {{div col end}} ==Q== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Carmel Quinn]] * [[Quarashi]] * [[Bill Quateman]] {{div col end}} ==R== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Joshua Radin]] * [[Radiopilot]] * [[Raekwon]] (Loud/Columbia) * [[Rag 'N' Bone Man]] * [[Rage Against the Machine]] * [[A. R. Rahman]] * [[Addison Rae]] * [[Ramones]] * [[Jean-Pierre Rampal]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Bella Ramsey]] * [[Rancid (band)|Rancid]] * [[The Rascals]] * [[Raury]] (LoveRenaissance/Columbia) * [[Genya Ravan]] * [[The Raveonettes]] * [[Jacob Anderson|Raleigh Ritchie]] * [[Lou Rawls]] (Philadelphia International/Columbia) * [[Johnnie Ray]] * [[Raze (house music group)|Raze]] * [[Tony Rebel]] (Chaos/Columbia) * [[Red Rockers]] (415/Columbia) * [[Mike Reid (singer)|Mike Reid]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Remix Master]] * [[Return to Forever]] * [[Paul Revere & the Raiders]] * [[Nóirín Ní Riain]] * [[Kyle Riabko]] * [[Chase Rice]] (Dack Janiels/Columbia Nashville) * [[Rich Kidz (hip hop group)|Rich Kidz]] * [[Ricochet (band)|Ricochet]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Rip Chords]] * [[Rise Against]] * [[Andrew Roachford|Roachford]] * [[Marty Robbins]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Emma Roberts]] (Nickelodeon/Columbia) * [[Robinella|Robinella and the CC String Band]] * [[Eileen Rodgers]] * [[David Rogers (singer)|David Rogers]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Rolling Stones]] (Rolling Stones/Columbia) * [[Romeo Void]] (415/Columbia) * [[Mark Ronson]] * [[Robi Dräco Rosa]] * [[Rosalía (singer)|Rosalía]] * [[Charles Rosen]] * [[Lucy Rose]] * [[Tim Rose]] * [[Rick Ross]] * [[Billy Joe Royal]] * [[John Wesley Ryles]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Russ (rapper)|Russ]] * [[Ruth B]] *[[Rosa Linn]] *[[Rita Ora]] (Signed To Roc Nation Prior To Her Move To Atlantic UK, Distributed By Columbia Records) {{div col end}} ==S== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Sum 41]] (Canada) * [[Stromae]] * [[Steve Angello]] * [[Raphael Saadiq]] * [[Bally Sagoo]] * [[David Sánchez (musician)|David Sanchez]] * [[Roger Sanchez]] * [[Felicia Sanders]] * [[Arturo Sandoval]] * [[Sandeé]] (Fever/RAL/Columbia) * [[Santana (band)|Santana]] * [[Savage Garden]] (outside Australia/Japan) * [[Save Ferris]] (Withyn/Columbia) * [[Alexandra Savior]] * [[Scandal (American band)|Scandal]] * [[Kristen Schaal]] (Comedy Central/Columbia) * [[Janne Schaffer]] * [[Patti Scialfa]] * [[Raymond Scott]] * [[Tom Scott (saxophonist)|Tom Scott]] * [[Pete Seeger]] * [[The Seekers]] * [[Seiko Matsuda|Seiko]] * [[Seohyun]] (Namoo Actors/Columbia, Korean releases only) * [[Serart]] * [[Rudolf Serkin]] * [[Serayah (actress)|Serayah]] * [[Shaggy (musician)|Shaggy]] * [[Shakti (band)|Shakti]] * [[Ravi Shankar]] * [[Billy Joe Shaver]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Marlena Shaw]] * [[Woody Shaw]] * [[Dorothy Shay]] * [[Shenandoah (band)|Shenandoah]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[She & Him]] * [[Ricky Van Shelton]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[T.G. Sheppard]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Shins]] (Aural Apothecary/Columbia) * [[Dinah Shore]] * [[Wayne Shorter]] * [[Bobby Sichran]] * [[Frank Czuri#The Silencers|The Silencers]] * [[Silver Condor (band)|Silver Condor]] * [[Lu Ann Simms]] * [[Simple Plan]] * [[Simon & Garfunkel]] * [[Paul Simon]] * [[Carly Simon]] * [[Jessica Simpson]] (Columbia/Columbia Nashville) * [[Frank Sinatra]] * [[Sixpence None the Richer]] * [[Red Skelton]] * [[Slayer]] * [[Sleeping with Sirens]] * [[Bessie Smith]] * [[Connie Smith]] * [[Joanna Smith]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[JoJo Siwa]] * [[Kate Smith]] * [[Lonnie Smith (baseball)|Lonnie Smith]] * [[O. C. Smith]] * [[Patti Smith]] * [[Rex Smith (entertainer)|Rex Smith]] * [[Will Smith]] * [[Willie "Long Time" Smith]] * [[Jussie Smollett]] * [[Phoebe Snow]] * [[Social Distortion]] * [[Solange Knowles|Solange]] * [[Joanie Sommers]] * [[Soul Asylum]] * [[South Border (band)|South Border]] (Philippines) * [[South Central Cartel]] (GWK/DJ West/RAL/Chaos/Columbia) * [[South Park]] (Comedy Central/Columbia/WMG) * [[Spandau Ballet]] (CBS) * [[Sparks (band)|Sparks]] (US) * [[Lucy Spraggan]] * [[Rick Springfield]] * [[Bruce Springsteen]] * [[Spiral Starecase]] * [[Natasha St-Pier]] * [[Stabbing Westward]] * [[Jo Stafford]] * [[Mary Stafford (singer)|Mary Stafford]] * [[The Stanley Brothers]] * [[Ralph Stanley]] * [[The Statler Brothers]] (Columbia Nashville, then [[Mercury Nashville]]) * [[Lennon Stella]] * [[Chris Stapleton]] * [[Stereo Skyline]] * [[Stereomud]] * [[Isaac Stern]] * [[Cal Stewart]] * [[Larry Stewart (singer)|Larry Stewart]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Doug Stone]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Igor Strawinsky]] * [[Barbra Streisand]] * [[The Stunners (group)|The Stunners]] * [[Harry Styles]] * [[Selah Sue]] * [[Sunscreem]] * [[Super Cat]] * [[Superchick]] * [[Surface (band)|Surface]] * [[Sweathog]] * [[The Sweet]] * [[Sweethearts of the Rodeo]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Switchfoot]] * [[Syd (singer)|Syd]] * [[System of a Down]] (American Recordings/Columbia) * [[George Szell]] {{div col end}} ==T== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[T-Pain]] * [[T-Square (band)|T-Square]] * [[Gid Tanner]] & the [[Skillet Lickers]] * [[Mikha Tambayong]] (Sony/Columbia/RCA Malaysia) * [[:id:Audrey Tapiheru|Audrey Tapiheru]] (Sony/Columbia Malaysia) * [[Taproot (band)|Taproot]] * [[Angel Taylor]] * [[James Taylor]] (1977-2007) * [[Johnnie Taylor]] * [[Ten City]] * [[Tenacious D]] * [[Terminator X]] (P.R.O. Division/RAL/Columbia) * [[Khleo Thomas]] * [[Josh Thompson (singer)|Josh Thompson]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Thorns (band)|The Thorns]] * [[Three Days Grace]] * [[The Three Degrees]] (Columbia/Philadelphia International) * [[Three 6 Mafia]] (Hypnotize Minds/Columbia) * [[Charles Davis Tillman]] * [[The Ting Tings]] * [[Libby Titus]] * [[Toad The Wet Sprocket]] * [[Mia Doi Todd]] * [[Satoshi Tomiie|Satoshi Tomīe]] (C2/Columbia) * [[Mel Torme]] * [[Daniel Tosh]] (Comedy Central/Columbia) * [[Toto (band)|Toto]] * [[Henry Townsend (musician)|Henry Townsend]] * [[Tommy Tutone]] * [[Trackmasters]] (Track Masters/Columbia) * [[Train (band)|Train]] * [[Meghan Trainor]] * [[Trance Dance]] * [[Translator (band)|Translator]] (415/Columbia) * [[The Tremeloes]] * [[Rick Trevino]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Travis Tritt]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Richard Tucker (tenor)|Richard Tucker]] * [[Orrin Tucker]] * [[Tanya Tucker]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Leah Turner]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Twisted Wheel (band)|Twisted Wheel]] * [[Bonnie Tyler]] * [[Steve Tyrell]] * [[Tye Tribbett & G.A.]] * [[Tyga]] * [[Tyler, The Creator]] * [[The Kid Laroi|The Kid LAROI (Grade A)]] * [[Treasure (band)|Treasure]] (US)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Choi|first1=Ji-won|title=YG's Treasure taps into US market with Columbia Records|url=https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20230703000668|website=The Korea Herald|date=July 3, 2023|access-date=July 4, 2023|archive-date=July 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704045107/https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20230703000668|url-status=live}}</ref> {{div col end}} ==U== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Magnus Uggla]] * [[James Blood Ulmer]] * [[The Used]] {{div col end}} ==V== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[The Vaccines]] * [[Jerry Vale]] * [[V.I.C]] * [[Valencia (band)|Valencia]] * [[Vampire Weekend]] * [[Van Zant (band)|Van Zant]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Sarah Vaughan]] * [[The Vibrators]] * [[Gilles Vigneault]] (Columbia of Canada) * [[Andreas Vollenweider]] * [[Grace VanderWaal]] * [[Victorious]] cast (including [[Ariana Grande]], [[Elizabeth Gillies]], [[Victoria Justice]], [[Leon Thomas III]] and [[Matt Bennett]]) (Nickelodeon under Columbia) {{div col end}} ==W== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Walk Off the Earth]] (SlapDash/Columbia) * [[Ron Wallace (singer)|Ron Wallace]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Wallflowers]] * [[Bruno Walter]] * [[Wanderléa]] * [[Wardruna]] * [[Warrant (American band)|Warrant]] * [[War Babies (band)|War Babies]] * [[Dionne Warwick]] * [[Muddy Waters]] * [[Roger Waters]] * [[Mike Watt]] * [[André Watts]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Jeff "Tain" Watts]] * [[Jeff Wayne]] * [[The Weather Girls]] * [[Weather Report]] * [[Joan Weber]] * [[Weezer]] (''[[Hurley (album)|Hurley]]'' only) * [[Freddy Weller]] * [[Koe Wetzel]] * [[Wet (band)|Wet]] * [[Kirk Whalum]] * [[Wham!]] (US/Canada) * [[Wheat (band)|Wheat]] * [[Wheatus]] * [[Whipping Boy (Irish band)|Whipping Boy]] * [[Jack White (musician)|Jack White]] (Third Man/Columbia) * [[Maurice White]] * [[Peter White (musician)|Peter White]] * [[White Denim]] * [[Paul Whiteman]] * [[Whitesnake]] (CBS, Japan) * [[Whodini]] (So So Def/Columbia) * [[Rusty Wier]] * [[Wilderness Road (band)|Wilderness Road]] * [[Andy Williams]] * [[Bert Williams]] * [[James D-Train Williams|James "D-Train" Williams]] * [[Deniece Williams]] * [[John Williams]] * [[Michelle Williams (singer)|Michelle Williams]] * [[Pharrell Williams]] * [[Robbie Williams]] * [[Trent Willmon]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Edith Wilson (singer)|Edith Wilson]] * [[Gretchen Wilson]] (Columbia/Columbia Nashville) * [[Teddy Wilson]] * [[Wilson Phillips]] * [[Wings (band)|Wings]] (US/Canada) * [[Edgar Winter]] * [[Johnny Winter]] * [[Wire Train]] (415/Columbia) * [[Wolf Alice]] * [[Michael Wolff (musician)|Michael Wolff]] * [[Charles Wood (singer and actor)|Charles Wood]] ([[Sony Classical|Columbia Masterworks]]) * [[Ron Wood]] * [[Worl-A-Girl]] (Chaos/Columbia) * [[Richard Wright (musician)|Rick Wright]] (outside Europe) * [[Wu-Tang Clan]] (Loud/Columbia) {{div col end}} ==X== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Xscape (band)|Xscape]] (So So Def/Columbia) * [[Xzibit]] (Loud/Columbia) * [[The X-Ecutioners]] (Loud/Columbia) * [[XXXTentacion]] {{div col end}} ==Y== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Billy Yates (singer)|Billy Yates]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Lori Yates]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Yahritza y Su Esencia]] (Lumbre Music) * [[Yelawolf]] * [[Yes (band)|Yes]] * [[Pete Yorn]] * [[Paul Young]] * [[Tata Young]] * [[Bryshere Y. Gray|Yazz the Greatest]] {{div col end}} ==Z== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Hector Zazou]] * [[Zebrahead]] * [[Denny Zeitlin]] * [[Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons]] (USA/Canada, ''[[Screaming Targets]]'' through Full Moon/Columbia) * [[Zhavia]] * [[Zhu (musician)|ZHU]] * [[ZZ Top]] {{div col end}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Columbia Records artists, list of}} [[Category:Lists of musicians]] sw35hpszh52k7imlxzb01ux2kkavcjb 10367999 10367925 2025-07-02T17:45:22Z 185.13.107.187 10367999 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|Columbia Records artists of the old Columbia Graphophone Co. label which EMI owned|List of Columbia Graphophone Company artists}} A partial listing of recording artists who currently or formerly recorded for [[Columbia Records]] (known in most of the world as [[CBS Records International|CBS Records]] prior to 1991) include the following list. <!--Please make a note if recordings were only leased from another label, this page should basically only list recording artists.--> {{horizontal TOC|nonum=yes}} ==0–9== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages.* * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[24kGoldn]] * [[3LW]] (So So Def/Columbia) * [[3rd Bass]] (Def Jam/Columbia) * [[3rd Faze]] * [[50 Cent]] {{div col end}} ==A== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Gregory Abbott]] * [[AC/DC]] * [[Acceptance (band)|Acceptance]] * [[Yolanda Adams]] * [[Addrisi Brothers]] * [[Adele]] (USA/Canada/Latin America from 2008 to 2021 under [[XL Recordings|XL]]/Columbia, worldwide since 2021 under Melted Stone/Columbia) * [[Aerosmith]] * [[The Afghan Whigs]] * [[The Afters]] * [[Todd Agnew]] * [[Alabama 3]] * [[Alex & Sierra]] * [[Jessi Alexander]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Ora Alexander]] * [[Lucky Ali]] * [[Alice in Chains]] * [[Tha Alkaholiks]] (Loud/Columbia) * [[María Conchita Alonso]] * [[Alvin and the Chipmunks]] * [[Amerie]] (Rise/Columbia) * [[Amil (rapper)|Amil]] (Roc-A-Fella/Columbia) * [[Trey Anastasio]] * [[Anberlin]] * [[Angélique Kidjo]] * [[Anggun]] * [[Eric Andersen]] * [[Jon Anderson]] * [[Keith Anderson]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Lynn Anderson]] * [[The Andrews Sisters]] * [[Anjani]] * [[Paul Anka]] * [[Marc Anthony]] * [[Anthrax (American band)|Anthrax]] * [[Apoptygma Berzerk]] * [[Fiona Apple]] (Work/Columbia) * [[The Apex Theory]] * [[Aqualung (musician)|Aqualung]] * [[Tina Arena]] * [[Arcade Fire]] * [[Arizona Zervas]] * [[Toni Arden]] * [[Louis Armstrong]] * [[Artful Dodger (US band)|Artful Dodger]] * [[James Arthur (singer)|James Arthur]] * [[The Association]] * [[:id:Astrid Sartiasari|Astrid Sartiasari]] (Sony/Epic/Columbia Malaysia) * [[Aşkın Nur Yengi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/release/9579146-A%C5%9Fk%C4%B1n-Nur-Yengi-A%C5%9Fktan-Olsa-Gerek|title=Aşkın Nur Yengi - Aşk'tan Olsa Gerek|date=25 November 2016|access-date=5 December 2023|website=Discogs.com}}</ref> * [[ATEEZ]] * [[Chet Atkins]] * [[Nicole Atkins]] * [[The Ataris]] * [[Atlanta Rhythm Section]] * [[Gene Autry]] * [[The Avant-Garde (band)|The Avant-Garde]] * [[Axis of Justice]] * [[Au/Ra]] (Loudmouth/Columbia) * [[The Automatic Automatic]] * [[Aster Aweke]] * [[Roy Ayers]] * [[Ayo & Teo]] * [[Azteca (band)|Azteca]] {{div col end}} ==B== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[B.T. Express]] * [[Burt Bacharach]] * [[Tal Bachman]] * [[The Bad Plus]] * [[Bad Religion]] * [[Mildred Bailey]] * [[Philip Bailey]] * [[Moe Bandy]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Bangles]] * [[R.C. Bannon]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Bobby Bare]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Ed Bell (musician)|Barefoot Bill From Alabama]] * [[Keith Barrow]] * [[John Barry (composer)|John Barry]] (CBS)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://45-sleeves.com/UK/cbs/L3.jpg|title=Record sleeve : John Barry - "Vendetta" (CBS)|website=45-sleeves.com|access-date=September 6, 2014}}</ref> * [[Karl Bartos]] * [[Count Basie]] * [[David Batteau|Batteaux]] * [[:id:Bukan Bintang Biasa|BBB]] (Columbia Jakarta) * [[Beady Eye]] (outside US) * [[Beastie Boys]] (Def Jam/Columbia) * [[Bix Beiderbecke]] * [[Bedük]] * [[Bel Canto (band)|Bel Canto]] * [[Drake Bell]] (Nickelodeon/Columbia) * [[Marcella Bella]] * [[Regina Belle]] * [[Tony Bennett]] (RPM/Columbia) * [[George Benson]] * [[Cheryl Bentyne]] (member of Manhattan Transfer) * [[Polly Bergen]] * [[Herschel Bernardi]] * [[Leonard Bernstein]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Beyoncé]] (Since 2011, has released her music through her label [[Parkwood Entertainment]]/Columbia) * [[Big Audio Dynamite]] * [[Big Brother and the Holding Company]] * [[Big L]] * [[Big Pun]] (Loud/Columbia) * [[Big Time Rush (band)|Big Time Rush]] (Nickelodeon/Columbia) * [[E. Power Biggs]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Tony Bird (singer-songwriter)|Tony Bird]] * [[Bizarre Inc]] (Vinyl Solution/Columbia) * [[Blá Blá Blá]] * [[Black Kids]] * [[Blackhawk (band)|Blackhawk]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Art Blakey]] * [[Blaque]] (Track Masters/Columbia) * [[Blink-182]] * [[Blood, Sweat & Tears]] * [[Bloodhound Gang]] * [[Mike Bloomfield]] * [[Blue Öyster Cult]] * [[Arthur Blythe]] * [[Bob's Burgers|The Bob's Burgers Album]] * [[Bobby & The Midnites]] * [[Willie Bobo]] * [[Tommy Bolin]] * [[Claude Bolling]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Michael Bolton]] * [[Richard Bona]] * [[Karla Bonoff]] * [[The Boomtown Rats]] (US) * [[Larry Boone]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Boss (rapper)|Boss]] (DJ West/Chaos/Columbia) * [[Chris Botti]] * [[Pierre Boulez]] * [[Bow Wow (rapper)|Bow Wow]] * [[Wade Bowen]] (Sea Gayle/Columbia Nashville) * [[David Bowie]] (ISO Records, licensed to Columbia) * [[Charlie Bowman|Fiddlin' Charlie Bowman]] * [[Jimmy Boyd]] * [[Liona Boyd]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Susan Boyle]] (Syco Music/Columbia) (US) * [[Brakence]] * [[Bravehearts]] * [[Breathe Carolina]] * [[Teresa Brewer]] * [[Bring Me the Horizon]] * [[Britny Fox]] * [[Broken Bells]] * [[David Bromberg]] * [[The Brothers Four]] * [[Dave Brubeck]] * [[Luke Bryan]] * [[Anita Bryant]] * [[Ray Bryant]] * [[Lindsey Buckingham]] * [[The Buckinghams]] * [[Jeff Buckley]] * [[Buckner & Garcia]] * [[Buckshot LeFonque]] * [[Budapest String Quartet]] * [[Bullet for My Valentine]] * [[Vernon Burch]] * [[Hannibal Buress]] (Comedy Central/Columbia) * [[Carol Burnett]] * [[T-Bone Burnett]] * [[Billy Burnette]] * [[Kate Bush]] (US) * [[Ferruccio Busoni]] * [[Busta Rhymes]] * [[Carl Butler]] * [[Champ Butler]] * [[Pearl Butler]] * [[Billy Butterfield]] * [[Charlie Byrd]] * [[The Byrds]] * [[Peabo Bryson]] {{div col end}} ==C== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[C+C Music Factory]] * [[Cha Cha (rapper)|Cha Cha]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/Dear-Diary-Columbia-Records-Sony/dp/B019GRQIUI |website=Amazon.com |title=Dear Diary by Columbia Records/Sony |asin=B019GRQIUI |access-date=October 30, 2016}}</ref> * [[Francis Cabrel]] * [[Cage Kennylz]] * [[Susan Cagle]] * [[Caitlin & Will]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Cake (band)|Cake]] * [[Calamity Jane (country music band)|Calamity Jane]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Cab Calloway]] * [[Court Yard Hounds]] * [[Dove Cameron]] * [[Paula Campbell (singer)|Paula Campbell]] * [[Stacy Dean Campbell]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Cannons (band)|Cannons]] * [[Eddie Cantor]] * [[Jerry Cantrell]] * [[Mariah Carey]] * [[Carcass (band)|Carcass]] * [[Matt Cardle]] * [[Brandi Carlile]] * [[Roberto Carlos (singer)|Roberto Carlos]] * [[Wendy Carlos]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Mary Chapin Carpenter]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Vikki Carr]] * [[Raffaella Carrà]] * [[Carrie Underwood]] * [[Jenny Lou Carson]] * [[Mindy Carson]] * [[Carter Family]] (Original group, 2nd and 3rd generations) * [[The Carter Sisters]] also called "Carter Sisters & Mother Maybelle" * [[Anita Carter]] * [[Helen Carter]] (Okeh) * [[James Carter (musician)|James Carter]] * [[June Carter]] * [[Maybelle Carter]] * [[Valerie Carter]] (transferred to ARC/Columbia for ''Wild Child'') * [[Pablo Casals]] * [[Johnny Cash]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[June Carter Cash]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Ray Cash]] * [[Rosanne Cash]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Cathedral (band)|Cathedral]] * [[Cecilio & Kapono]] * [[John Cena]] * [[Central Cee]] * [[Chad & Jeremy]] * [[The Chainsmokers]] * [[Chairlift (band)|Chairlift]] * [[Chalk FarM (band)|Chalk FarM]] * [[The Chambers Brothers]] * [[Champaign (band)|Champaign]] * [[Carol Channing]] * [[Ray Charles]] * [[Charlie (band)|Charlie]] (''Fantasy Girls'' album, USA) * [[Chayanne]] * [[Cher]] * [[Cherub (musical duo)|Cherub]] * [[Kenny Chesney]] (Blue Chair/Columbia Nashville) * [[Mark Chesnutt]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Chevelle (band)|Chevelle]] * [[The Chieftains]] (outside of Ireland) * [[Chicago (band)|Chicago]] * [[The Chipettes]] * [[Chipmunk (rapper)|Chipmunk]] * [[Christie (band)|Christie]] (CBS) * [[Lou Christie]] * [[Susan Christie]] * [[Charlotte Church]] * [[Christine McVie]] * [[The Chuck Wagon Gang]] * [[Circus of Power]] * [[Clams Casino (musician)|Clams Casino]] * [[The Clancy Brothers]] and [[Tommy Makem]] * [[Buddy Clark (singer)|Buddy Clark]] * [[Petula Clark]] (UK, France and Canada) * [[Anne Clark (poet)|Anne Clark]] * [[The Clash]] * [[David Clayton-Thomas]] * [[Buzz Clifford]] * [[Rosemary Clooney]] * [[Clutch (band)|Clutch]] * [[The Coasters]] * [[Bruce Cockburn]] * [[David Allan Coe]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Amber Coffman]] * [[Coheed and Cambria]] * [[Adam Cohen (musician)|Adam Cohen]] * [[Leonard Cohen]] * [[Coin (band)|Coin]] * [[Ornette Coleman]] * [[Collie Buddz]] * [[Colosseum (band)|Colosseum]] * [[Arthur Collins (singer)|Arthur Collins]] * [[Columbia Symphony Orchestra]] * [[Chi Coltrane]] * [[Shawn Colvin]] * [[Luke Combs]] (River House/Columbia Nashville) * [[Les Compagnons de la chanson]] (CBS Disques S.A.) * [[Jack DeJohnette|Compost]] * [[Jeff Conaway]] * [[John Conlee]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Harry Connick Jr.]] * [[Ray Conniff]] * [[Consequence (rapper)|Consequence]] * [[Aaron Copland]] * [[The Coral]] * [[Chick Corea]] * [[Jill Corey]] * [[Miranda Cosgrove]] (Nickelodeon/Columbia) * [[Elvis Costello]] (US) * [[Court Yard Hounds]] * [[Billy "Crash" Craddock]] * [[Robert Craft]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Creed (band)|Creed]] * [[Rachel Crow]] * [[Rodney Crowell]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Cryan' Shames]] * [[Cry of Love (band)|Cry of Love]] * [[Crazy Town]] * [[Darren Criss]] * [[CRX (band)|CRX]] * [[Xavier Cugat]] * [[Cypress Hill]] (Ruffhouse/Columbia) * [[The Cyrkle]] * [[Miley Cyrus]] {{div col end}} ==D== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[D Generation]] * [[Da Brat]] (So So Def/Columbia) * [[Daft Punk]] (Daft Life/Columbia) * [[Lacy J. Dalton]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Vic Damone]] * [[Dangerous Toys]] * [[Danzig (band)|Danzig]] * [[The Daou]] * [[Terence Trent D'Arby]] * [[Bobby Darin]] * [[Joe Dassin]] (CBS Disques S.A. and Columbia of Canada) * [[Dave (singer)|Dave]] (CBS Disques S.A.) * [[Dave Gahan]] (member of Depeche Mode) * [[John Davidson (entertainer)|John Davidson]] * [[Jimmie Davis]] * [[Mac Davis]] * [[Miles Davis]] * [[Tyrone Davis]] * [[Doris Day]] * [[Stu Daye]] (Pilot/Columbia) * [[Jimmy Dean]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Death (metal band)|Death]] * [[Death Grips]] * [[Cole Deggs & the Lonesome]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Paco de Lucía]] * [[Declan McKenna]] * [[Dej Loaf]] * [[Delaney & Bonnie]] * [[Depeche Mode]] (Mute/Columbia) * [[The Derek Trucks Band]] * [[Destiny's Child]] (Music World/Columbia) * [[Frank De Vol]] * [[Barry De Vorzon]] * [[Dillon Francis]] * [[Al Di Meola]] * [[Neil Diamond]] * [[Dion DiMucci|Dion]] * [[Celine Dion]] * [[Il Divo]] * [[Die Ärzte]] (1984–1988) * [[Dixie Chicks]] (Wide Open/Columbia Nashville) * [[DJ Kayslay]] * [[DMX (rapper)|DMX]] (former) * [[Dr. Dre]] (former) * [[Dr. Feelgood (band)|Dr. Feelgood]] (USA/Canada) * [[Dr. Hook & the Medicine Show]] * [[Deryl Dodd]] * [[Tim Dog]] (Ruffhouse/Columbia) * [[Ned Doheny]] * [[Dokken]] * [[Domo Genesis]] ([[Odd Future Records|Odd Future]]/Columbia) * [[The Dorsey Brothers]] * [[Downtown Science (group)|Downtown Science]] (Def Jam/Columbia) * [[Sue Draheim]] * [[Drowning Pool]] * [[Duo Tal & Groethuysen]] * [[Jermaine Dupri]] (So So Def/Columbia) * [[Bob Dylan]] * [[Jakob Dylan]] * [[Ronnie Dyson]] {{div col end}} ==E== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Earl Sweatshirt]] (Tan Cressida) * [[Earth, Wind & Fire]] (ARC/Columbia) * [[Walter Egan]] * [[The Electric Flag]] * [[Elaine (singer)|Elaine]] * [[Electric Light Orchestra]] * [[Elkland (band)|Elkland]] * [[Duke Ellington]] * [[Don Ellis]] * [[Emilio Navaira]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Emotions]] * [[Empire (2015 TV series)|''Empire'' cast]] * [[EPMD]] (Def Jam/RAL/Columbia) * [[Esbjörn Svensson Trio|E.S.T.]] * [[David Essex]] * [[Ethan Bortnick]] * [[Evan and Jaron]] * [[Jackie Evancho]] (Syco Music/Columbia) * [[Evanescence]] * [[Bill Evans]] * [[Tiffany Evans]] * [[George Ezra]] * [[Fleur East]] * [[Perrie Edwards]] {{div col end}} ==F== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Barbara Fairchild]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Shelly Fairchild]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Percy Faith]] * [[Rose Falcon]] * [[Fania All-Stars]] * [[Tyler Farr]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Eileen Farrell]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Dionne Farris]] * [[Fastway (band)|Fastway]] * [[Rebecca Ferguson (singer)|Rebecca Ferguson]] (Syco Music/Columbia) * [[Nino Ferrer]] (CBS Disques S.A.) * [[Fertig, Los!]] * [[Dominic Fike]] * [[Fingertight]] * [[Firehose (band)|Firehose]] * [[The Firesign Theatre]] * [[First Aid Kit (band)|First Aid Kit]] * [[Ella Fitzgerald]] * [[Five for Fighting]] * [[Five Finger Death Punch]] (Prospect Park) * [[Béla Fleck]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Fleetwood Mac]] (Blue Horizon/CBS) (outside US/Canada) * [[The Flying Burrito Brothers]] * [[Dan Fogelberg]] * [[Foggy Mountain Boys]] * [[Ronnie Foster]] * [[Foster the People]] * [[The Four Lads]] * [[Zino Francescatti]] * [[Frankie J]] * [[Aretha Franklin]] * [[Franz Ferdinand (band)|Franz Ferdinand]] * [[Fraser & DeBolt]] * [[Frenship]] * [[Janie Fricke]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[David Frizzell]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Front (band)|The Front]] * [[Michel Fugain]] (CBS Disques S.A. France) * [[Fugees]] (Ruffhouse/Columbia) * [[Full Force]] * [[Future (rapper)|Future]] {{div col end}} ==G== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Jean Gabin]] (CBS Disques S.A.) * [[:id:Janita Gabriella|Janita Gabriella]] (Sony/Columbia Malaysia) * [[André Gagnon]] (Columbia of Canada) * [[Eric Gale]] * [[Patsy Gallant]] (Columbia of Canada) * [[Katy Garbi]] * [[Sean Garrett]] ([[Roc Nation]]/Columbia) * [[Art Garfunkel]] * [[Judy Garland]] * [[Bradley Gaskin]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Larry Gatlin]] (Columbia Nashville, first six albums leased from Monument) * [[Marvin Gaye]] * [[Crystal Gayle]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Stan Getz]] * [[J Geils Band]] * [[Teddy Geiger]] * [[George Gershwin]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Gentle Giant]] (US and Canada, leased from Vertigo and Chrysalis) * [[Gesaffelstein]] * [[Gigi (Indonesian band)|Gigi]] (Sony/Columbia Malaysia) * [[Art Gillham]] (The Whispering Pianist) (first electrical recording 1925) * [[Elizabeth Gillies]] (Nickelodeon/Columbia) * [[Terry Gilkyson]] * [[David Gilmour]] * [[Glasvegas]] * [[Glee Cast|''Glee'' cast]] * Glokk40Spaz * [[Glowie]] * [[The Go! Team]] * [[Goapele]] (Skyblaze/Columbia) * [[Arthur Godfrey]] * [[Gogol Bordello]] * [[Goldfinger (band)|Goldfinger]] * [[Benny Golson]] * [[GoodBooks]] * [[Benny Goodman]] * [[Delta Goodrem]] * [[Dexter Gordon]] * [[Eydie Gormé]] * [[Vern Gosdin]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Gossip (band)|Gossip]] * [[Glenn Gould]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Robert Goulet]] * [[Geolier]] * [[Lawrence Gowan|Gowan]] (Anthem/Columbia) * [[Alana Grace]] * [[Jamie Grace]] * [[Stéphane Grappelli]] * [[Diva Gray]] * [[Gregory Gray]] * [[Mark Gray (singer)|Mark Gray]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Great Plains (Tennessee band)|Great Plains]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Partridge Green]] * [[Vivian Green]] * [[Gene Greene]] * [[Kenneth W. Griffin|Ken Griffin]] * [[Gumball (band)|Gumball]] * [[A Guy Called Gerald]] * [[Grimes (musician)|Grimes]] * [[Grace Vanderwaal]] {{div col end}} ==H== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Bruce Haack]] * [[Haim (band)|Haim]] * [[Nina Hagen]] * [[Adelaide Hall]] * [[John Hall (New York politician)|John Hall]] (''Power'' released through ARC/Columbia) * [[Halsey (singer)|Halsey]] * [[Paul Hampton]] * [[Herbie Hancock]] * [[Hanoi Rocks]] * [[The Harden Trio]] * [[Arlene Harden]] * [[Tim Hardin]] * [[The Harmonicats]] * [[Jimmy Harnen]] * [[Calvin Harris]] * [[Corey Hart (singer)|Corey Hart]] (Columbia of Canada) * [[Sophie B. Hawkins]] * [[Darren Hayes]] * [[Isaac Hayes]] * [[Wade Hayes]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Roy Haynes]] * [[Harlem World (group)|Harlem World]] (So So Def/Columbia) * [[Hawks (band)|Hawks]] * [[Heart (band)|Heart]] * [[Heath Brothers]] * [[Heaven's Edge]] * [[Mitch Hedberg]] (Comedy Central/Columbia) * [[Coleman Hell]] * [[Hellyeah]] * [[Ella Henderson]] (Syco Music/Columbia) (US) * [[Fletcher Henderson]] * [[Woody Herman]] * [[Patrick Hernandez]] * [[Ari Hest]] * [[Hey Monday]] (Decaydance/Columbia) * [[The Highwaymen (country supergroup)|The Highwaymen]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Dan Hill]] * [[Lauryn Hill]] * [[Z.Z. Hill]] * [[The Hi-Lo's]] * [[Mattie Hite]] * [[Hodgy]] * [[Billie Holiday]] * [[Jake Holmes]] * [[The Hooters]] * [[Linda Hopkins]] * [[Dan Hornsby]] * [[Vladimir Horowitz]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Johnny Horton]] * [[Cissy Houston]] * [[Marques Houston]] * [[Terrence Howard]] * [[How to Destroy Angels (band)|How to Destroy Angels]] * [[Home Free (group)|Home Free]] * [[Hozier]] (US/Canada/Australia) * [[Freddie Hubbard]] * [[Hundred Reasons]] {{div col end}} ==I== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Julio Iglesias]] * [[Jack Ingram]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Inner City (band)|Inner City]] * [[Insane Clown Posse]] (Psychopathic Records; distribution only) * [[Irakere]] * [[Iron Maiden]] (US) * [[It's a Beautiful Day]] * [[Ive (group)|Ive]] (Starship/Columbia; Korean releases only)<ref>{{Cite news|last=Yoon|first=Sang-keun|date=March 24, 2023|url=https://v.daum.net/v/20230324091631379|title='컴백' 아이브 북미 진출 본격화..카카오X소니뮤직 손잡았다[공식]|language=ko|work=StarNews|url-status=live|access-date=March 24, 2023|via=Daum|archive-date=March 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324015747/https://v.daum.net/v/20230324091631379}}</ref> * [[The Internet (band)|The Internet]] (Odd Future/Columbia) {{div col end}} ==J== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[J. Cole]] ([[Roc Nation]]/Columbia) * [[The Jacksons]] * [[Mahalia Jackson]] * [[Michael Jackson]] * [[Rebbie Jackson]] * [[Stonewall Jackson (musician)|Stonewall Jackson]] * [[Jaroslav Jakubovič]] * [[Jagged Edge (American group)|Jagged Edge]] (So So Def/Columbia) * [[Bob James (musician)|Bob James]] (Columbia/Tappan Zee; material was later reissued by [[Warner Records|Warner Bros. Records]]) * [[Casey James]] (19/Columbia Nashville) * [[Harry James]] * [[Sonny James]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Tom Jans]] * [[Lauren Jauregui]] * [[Jay Z]] (Def Jam - until 2009) * [[Wyclef Jean]] * [[Jennie (singer)|Jennie]] (Odd Atelier/Columbia) * [[Lyfe Jennings]] * [[Buddy Jewell]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[J-Kwon]] * [[Joan Jett and the Blackhearts]] (Blackheart Records) * [[Kari Jobe]] (Integrity/Columbia) * [[The Joe Perry Project]] * [[Billy Joel]] * [[J.J. Johnson]] * [[Robert Johnson (musician)|Robert Johnson]] * [[Jim Jones (rapper)|Jim Jones]] * [[Oran "Juice" Jones]] (Def Jam/Columbia) * [[Janis Joplin]] * [[Alexis Jordan]] * [[Josie and the Pussycats (album)|Josie and the Pussycats]] * [[Journey (band)|Journey]] * [[Judas Priest]] * [[Juicy J]] * [[Juilliard String Quartet]] * [[Pauline Julien]] * [[Junkie XL]] * [[Juno Reactor]] * [[Victoria Justice]] (Nickelodeon/Columbia) * [[Jussie Smollett]] {{div col end}} ==K== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Patricia Kaas]] * [[Brenda Kahn]] * [[Roger Wolfe Kahn]] * [[Ini Kamoze]] * [[Christian Kane]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Madleen Kane]] * [[Miles Kane]] * [[Kasabian]] * [[Katy B]] (Rinse FM/Columbia) * [[Sammy Kaye]] * [[Jorma Kaukonen]] * [[Mat Kearney]] * [[Kenna]] * [[Raymond Louis Kennedy]] (ARC/Columbia) * [[Alicia Keys]] * [[Kreayshawn]] * [[Kid Capri]] (Track Masters/Columbia) * [[Angélique Kidjo]] * [[Killer Mike]] (Aquemini/Columbia) * [[Killing Joke]] * [[Killradio]] * [[Killswitch Engage]] * [[Carl King (singer)|Carl King]] * [[Peggy King]] * [[King Princess]] * [[Kings of Leon]] * [[The Kinks]] * [[John Kirby (musician)|John Kirby]] * [[Gladys Knight]] * [[Gladys Knight & the Pips]] * [[Holly Knight]] (self-titled album) * [[Reggie Knighton]] (transferred to ARC/Columbia for ''The Reggie Knighton Band'') *[[Koe Wetzel]] * [[Kool Keith]] (Ruffhouse/Columbia) * [[Al Kooper]] * [[Korn]] (until 2009) * [[Andre Kostelanetz]] * [[Kraftwerk]] * [[Chantal Kreviazuk]] * [[Kris Kross]] (Ruffhouse/Columbia) * [[Toshinobu Kubota]] * [[Kula Shaker]] * [[Leah Kunkel]] * [[Kurious]] (Hoppoh/Columbia) * [[Kay Kyser]] * [[Krewella]] *[[Joseph kargbo]] {{div col end}} ==L== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Labrinth]] (US) * [[Frankie Laine]] * [[Lake (German band)|Lake]] * [[Kendrick Lamar]] * [[Lamb of God (band)|Lamb of God]] * [[Lambert, Hendricks & Ross]] * [[Miranda Lambert]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[George Lamond]] * [[Catherine Lara]] * [[The Lashes]] * [[The Laughing Dogs]] * [[Steve Lawrence]] * [[Hubert Laws]] * [[LCD Soundsystem]] * [[Denis Leary]] (Comedy Central/Columbia) * [[Lecrae]] * [[Michele Lee]] * [[Mylon LeFevre]] (Columbia and CBS Associated) * [[Leftfield]] (Hard Hands/Columbia) * [[John Legend]] * [[Len (band)|Len]] * [[Gérard Lenorman]] * [[LÉON (Swedish singer)|LÉON]] * [[Lewis Del Mar]] * [[LunchMoney Lewis]] (Kemosabe/Columbia) * [[Ted Lewis (musician)|Ted Lewis]] * [[Monique Leyrac]] * [[Prudence Liew]] * [[Lil' Fizz]] * [[Lil' Flip]] (Loud/Columbia) * [[Lil Nas X]] * [[Lil Peep|Lil' Peep]] * [[Lil Tjay]] * [[Lil Xan|Lil' Xan]] * [[Mark Lindsay]] * [[Lisa Lisa and Cult Jam]] * [[LL Cool J]] (Def Jam/Columbia) * [[Lo Fidelity Allstars]] (Skint/Columbia) * [[Kenny Loggins]] * [[Loggins and Messina]] * [[Little Mix]] (US) * [[Guy Lombardo]]<ref>[https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/guy-lombardo-and-his-royal-canadians-emc The Canadian Encyclopedia: "Guy Lombardo and His Royal Canadians" Mookg, Edward B. (6 April 2008 rev. 4 March 2015) on thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en]</ref> * [[London String Quartet]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Lone Star (band)|Lone Star]] * [[Brice Long]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Bobby Lord]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Lord Tariq and Peter Gunz]] * [[Lostprophets]] * [[Lous and the Yakuza]]<ref name="Konbini">{{cite web|last=Narduzzi|first=Guillaume|url=https://www.konbini.com/fr/musique/lous-and-the-yakuza-warm-up/|title=Avec sa pop ravageuse, Lous and The Yakuza vient enterrer le game|website=Konbini.com|date=October 28, 2019|access-date=May 24, 2020}}</ref> * [[Lovedrug]] * [[Love Affair (band)|The Love Affair]] (outside US) * [[Love/Hate (band)|Love/Hate]] * [[Loverboy]] * [[Nick Lowe]] (US) * [[LSD (collaboration)|LSD]] * [[Norman Luboff]] * [[LeToya Luckett]] * [[Jimmie Lunceford]] * [[Cheryl Lynn]] {{div col end}} ==M== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[MN8]] * [[M.I.A. (rapper)|M.I.A.]] * [[Macklemore]] * [[Macklemore and Ryan Lewis]] * [[Magic Man (band)|Magic Man]] * [[Magnetic Man]] * [[Mad Cobra]] * [[Madeon]] * [[Taj Mahal (musician)|Taj Mahal]] * [[Mahavishnu Orchestra]] * [[Mahogany Rush]] * [[Natalie Maines]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Manic Street Preachers]] * [[Barbara Mandrell]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Chuck Mangione]] * [[The Manhattan Transfer]] (1991–92) * [[The Manhattans]] * [[Barry Manilow]] * [[Frank Marino]] * [[Marmalade (band)|Marmalade]] * [[Branford Marsalis]] * [[Ellis Marsalis Jr.]] * [[Wynton Marsalis]] * [[Marshanda]] (Sony/Columbia Malaysia) * [[Marshmello]] * [[Martika]] * [[Ricky Martin]] (C2/Columbia) * [[Martina McBride]] * [[Mary Mary]] * [[Ma$e]] (So So Def/Columbia) * [[Mashmakhan]] * [[Jackie Mason]] * [[Nick Mason]] (outside Europe) * [[Johnny Mathis]] * [[Iain Matthews]] (1976–77) * [[Matthews, Wright & King]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Maxwell (musician)|Maxwell]] * [[John Mayer (musician)|John Mayer]] (Aware/Columbia) * [[Rachael MacFarlane]] * [[Seth MacFarlane]] * [[Paul McCartney]] (US/Canada, after 1979) * [[Jennette McCurdy]] (Nickelodeon/Columbia) * [[Roger McGuinn]] * [[Joey McIntyre]] (C2/Columbia) * [[Nellie McKay]] * [[Scott McKenzie]] * [[John McLaughlin (musician)|John McLaughlin]] * [[Marshall McLuhan]] * [[Katharine McPhee]] * [[Peter McPoland]] * [[Carmen McRae]] * [[MC Serch]] (Def Jam/Chaos/Columbia) * [[Mecano]] * [[Mark Medlock]] * [[Megadeth]] * [[John Mellencamp]] * [[Memento (band)|Memento]] * [[Men at Work]] * [[Maria Mena]] * [[Tim Mensy]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes]] (Philadelphia International/Columbia) * [[Freddie Mercury]] * [[Metallica]] (until 1991) * [[MFSB]] (Philadelphia International/Columbia) * [[MGMT]] * [[George Michael]] (US/Canada) * [[Lea Michele]] * [[John Rocca|Midi Rain]] (Vinyl Solution/Columbia) * [[Bette Midler]] * [[Midtown (band)|Midtown]] * [[Mile (band)|Mile]] * [[Miley Cyrus]] * [[Mitch Miller]] * [[T. Mills]] * [[Nathan Milstein]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Charles Mingus]] * [[Liza Minnelli]] * [[Misfits (band)|Misfits]] * [[Guy Mitchell]] * [[Dimitri Mitropoulos]] * [[MKTO]] * [[Ms Mr]] * [[Mr. T]] * [[Mobb Deep]] (Loud/Columbia) * [[Moby (musician)|Moby]] * [[Moby Grape]] * [[Don Moen (singer)|Don Moen]] (Integrity/Columbia) * [[Katy Moffatt]] * [[Eddie Money]] (Wolfgang/Columbia) * [[Thelonious Monk]] * [[Ashley Monroe]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Montgomery Gentry]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Sara Montiel]] * [[Jackie Moore (singer)|Jackie Moore]] * [[M.O.P.]] *[[Megan Moroney]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Moxie Raia]] * [[Alanis Morissette]] (Columbia SevenOne) (Europe) * [[Mormon Tabernacle Choir]] * [[Maren Morris]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Motion City Soundtrack]] * [[Mudhoney]] * [[Mudvayne]] * [[Shawn Mullins]] * [[Eddie Murphy]] * [[Elliott Murphy]] * [[Olly Murs]] * [[Primrose (group)#Former members|Yeum Myongwoo]] (Sony Music/Columbia/Epic Records, Korean releases only) {{div col end}} ==N== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Jim Nabors]] * [[Nat & Alex Wolff|The Naked Brothers Band]] (Nickelodeon/Columbia) * [[Natalie Maines]] * [[Anna Nalick]] * [[Nas]] * [[Nature (rapper)|Nature]] * [[Naya Rivera]] (dropped) * [[The Neighbourhood]] * [[Willie Nelson]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Nena]] (CBS Schallplatten) * [[N.E.R.D.]] * [[Peter Nero]] * [[The New Christy Minstrels]] * [[New Kids on the Block]] * [[Randy Newman]] * [[Nice & Smooth]] (RAL/Columbia) * [[Willie Nile]] * [[Nine Inch Nails]] (Null Corp./Columbia) (US/Taiwan) * [[NKOTBSB]] * [[No Wyld]] * [[Noemi (singer)|Noemi]] * [[Northern State (band)|Northern State]] {{div col end}} ==O== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[OG Maco]] * [[The O'Jays]] (Philadelphia International/Columbia) * [[The O'Kanes]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Oak Ridge Boys]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Oasis (band)|Oasis]] (Big Brother/Helter Skelter/Columbia) (US) * [[Frank Ocean]] * [[Odd Future]] * [[The Offspring]] (1997–2013) * [[Babatunde Olatunji]] * [[Old Crow Medicine Show]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Old Dominion (band)|Old Dominion]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Ollabelle]] * [[Joe "King" Oliver]] * [[One Direction]] (Columbia) (US) * [[OneRepublic]]* * [[Onyx (group)|Onyx]] (JMJ/RAL/Chaos/Columbia) * [[Oomph!]] * [[Original Concept]] (Def Jam/Columbia) * [[Eugene Ormandy]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Our Lady Peace]] * [[The Outfield]] * [[OutKast]] * [[Ozzy Osbourne]] {{div col end}} ==P== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[P1Harmony]] ([[FNC Entertainment]]/Columbia) (US) * [[Papa Roach]] * [[Passion Pit]] * [[Patti Page]] * [[Polo G]] * [[Michel Pagliaro]] * [[Johan Palm]] * [[Dolly Parton]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Billy Paul]] (Philadelphia International/Columbia) * [[Les Paul]] and [[Mary Ford]] * [[Pavlov's Dog (band)|Pavlov's Dog]] (debut album leased from [[ABC Records]]) * [[Peace (band)|Peace]] * [[Peach Pit (band)|Peach Pit]] * [[Pearl Jam]] * [[Gayla Peevey]] * [[Christine McVie|Christine Perfect]] (Blue Horizon/CBS) (outside US/Canada) * [[Katy Perry]] * [[Steve Perry (musician)|Steve Perry]] * [[Julian Perretta]] * [[Persephone's Bees]] * [[Joe Pesci]] * [[Philadelphia Orchestra]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Washington Phillips]] * [[Edith Piaf]] * [[Kellie Pickler]] (19/Columbia Nashville) * [[Pink Floyd]] (outside Europe) * [[Joe Piscopo]] * [[Mary Kay Place]] * [[Manitas de Plata]] * [[Rachel Platten]] * [[Play (Swedish group)|Play]] * [[P.O.D.]] * [[Pamela Polland]] * [[Jean-Luc Ponty]] * [[Powerman 5000]] * [[Prairie Madness]] * [[Pras]] (Ruffhouse/Columbia) * [[Andy Pratt (singer-songwriter)|Andy Pratt]] * [[The Presidents of the United States of America (band)|The Presidents of the United States of America]] * [[Pretty Maids]] * [[PrettyMuch]] * [[Ray Price (musician)|Ray Price]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Primal Scream]] * [[Prince (musician)|Prince]] (NPG/Columbia) * [[Charles A. Prince]] * [[Project Pat]] (Hypnotize Minds/Columbia) * [[The Psycho Realm]] (Ruffhouse/Columbia) * [[Public Enemy (band)|Public Enemy]] (Def Jam/Columbia) * [[Gary Puckett & The Union Gap]] * [[The Puppies]] (Chaos/Columbia) * [[ppcocaine]] * [[Perrie Edwards|Perrie]] {{div col end}} ==Q== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Carmel Quinn]] * [[Quarashi]] * [[Bill Quateman]] {{div col end}} ==R== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Joshua Radin]] * [[Radiopilot]] * [[Raekwon]] (Loud/Columbia) * [[Rag 'N' Bone Man]] * [[Rage Against the Machine]] * [[A. R. Rahman]] * [[Addison Rae]] * [[Ramones]] * [[Jean-Pierre Rampal]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Bella Ramsey]] * [[Rancid (band)|Rancid]] * [[The Rascals]] * [[Raury]] (LoveRenaissance/Columbia) * [[Genya Ravan]] * [[The Raveonettes]] * [[Jacob Anderson|Raleigh Ritchie]] * [[Lou Rawls]] (Philadelphia International/Columbia) * [[Johnnie Ray]] * [[Raze (house music group)|Raze]] * [[Tony Rebel]] (Chaos/Columbia) * [[Red Rockers]] (415/Columbia) * [[Mike Reid (singer)|Mike Reid]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Remix Master]] * [[Return to Forever]] * [[Paul Revere & the Raiders]] * [[Nóirín Ní Riain]] * [[Kyle Riabko]] * [[Chase Rice]] (Dack Janiels/Columbia Nashville) * [[Rich Kidz (hip hop group)|Rich Kidz]] * [[Ricochet (band)|Ricochet]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Rip Chords]] * [[Rise Against]] * [[Andrew Roachford|Roachford]] * [[Marty Robbins]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Emma Roberts]] (Nickelodeon/Columbia) * [[Robinella|Robinella and the CC String Band]] * [[Eileen Rodgers]] * [[David Rogers (singer)|David Rogers]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Rolling Stones]] (Rolling Stones/Columbia) * [[Romeo Void]] (415/Columbia) * [[Mark Ronson]] * [[Robi Dräco Rosa]] * [[Rosalía (singer)|Rosalía]] * [[Charles Rosen]] * [[Lucy Rose]] * [[Tim Rose]] * [[Rick Ross]] * [[Billy Joe Royal]] * [[John Wesley Ryles]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Russ (rapper)|Russ]] * [[Ruth B]] *[[Rosa Linn]] *[[Rita Ora]] (Signed To Roc Nation Prior To Her Move To Atlantic UK, Distributed By Columbia Records) {{div col end}} ==S== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Sum 41]] (Canada) * [[Stromae]] * [[Steve Angello]] * [[Raphael Saadiq]] * [[Bally Sagoo]] * [[David Sánchez (musician)|David Sanchez]] * [[Roger Sanchez]] * [[Felicia Sanders]] * [[Arturo Sandoval]] * [[Sandeé]] (Fever/RAL/Columbia) * [[Santana (band)|Santana]] * [[Savage Garden]] (outside Australia/Japan) * [[Save Ferris]] (Withyn/Columbia) * [[Alexandra Savior]] * [[Scandal (American band)|Scandal]] * [[Kristen Schaal]] (Comedy Central/Columbia) * [[Janne Schaffer]] * [[Patti Scialfa]] * [[Raymond Scott]] * [[Tom Scott (saxophonist)|Tom Scott]] * [[Pete Seeger]] * [[The Seekers]] * [[Seiko Matsuda|Seiko]] * [[Seohyun]] (Namoo Actors/Columbia, Korean releases only) * [[Serart]] * [[Rudolf Serkin]] * [[Serayah (actress)|Serayah]] * [[Shaggy (musician)|Shaggy]] * [[Shakti (band)|Shakti]] * [[Ravi Shankar]] * [[Billy Joe Shaver]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Marlena Shaw]] * [[Woody Shaw]] * [[Dorothy Shay]] * [[Shenandoah (band)|Shenandoah]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[She & Him]] * [[Ricky Van Shelton]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[T.G. Sheppard]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Shins]] (Aural Apothecary/Columbia) * [[Dinah Shore]] * [[Wayne Shorter]] * [[Bobby Sichran]] * [[Frank Czuri#The Silencers|The Silencers]] * [[Silver Condor (band)|Silver Condor]] * [[Lu Ann Simms]] * [[Simple Plan]] * [[Simon & Garfunkel]] * [[Paul Simon]] * [[Carly Simon]] * [[Jessica Simpson]] (Columbia/Columbia Nashville) * [[Frank Sinatra]] * [[Sixpence None the Richer]] * [[Red Skelton]] * [[Slayer]] * [[Sleeping with Sirens]] * [[Bessie Smith]] * [[Connie Smith]] * [[Joanna Smith]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[JoJo Siwa]] * [[Kate Smith]] * [[Lonnie Smith (baseball)|Lonnie Smith]] * [[O. C. Smith]] * [[Patti Smith]] * [[Rex Smith (entertainer)|Rex Smith]] * [[Will Smith]] * [[Willie "Long Time" Smith]] * [[Jussie Smollett]] * [[Phoebe Snow]] * [[Social Distortion]] * [[Solange Knowles|Solange]] * [[Joanie Sommers]] * [[Soul Asylum]] * [[South Border (band)|South Border]] (Philippines) * [[South Central Cartel]] (GWK/DJ West/RAL/Chaos/Columbia) * [[South Park]] (Comedy Central/Columbia/WMG) * [[Spandau Ballet]] (CBS) * [[Sparks (band)|Sparks]] (US) * [[Lucy Spraggan]] * [[Rick Springfield]] * [[Bruce Springsteen]] * [[Spiral Starecase]] * [[Natasha St-Pier]] * [[Stabbing Westward]] * [[Jo Stafford]] * [[Mary Stafford (singer)|Mary Stafford]] * [[The Stanley Brothers]] * [[Ralph Stanley]] * [[The Statler Brothers]] (Columbia Nashville, then [[Mercury Nashville]]) * [[Lennon Stella]] * [[Chris Stapleton]] * [[Stereo Skyline]] * [[Stereomud]] * [[Isaac Stern]] * [[Cal Stewart]] * [[Larry Stewart (singer)|Larry Stewart]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Doug Stone]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Igor Strawinsky]] * [[Barbra Streisand]] * [[The Stunners (group)|The Stunners]] * [[Harry Styles]] * [[Selah Sue]] * [[Sunscreem]] * [[Super Cat]] * [[Superchick]] * [[Surface (band)|Surface]] * [[Sweathog]] * [[The Sweet]] * [[Sweethearts of the Rodeo]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Switchfoot]] * [[Syd (singer)|Syd]] * [[System of a Down]] (American Recordings/Columbia) * [[George Szell]] {{div col end}} ==T== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[T-Pain]] * [[T-Square (band)|T-Square]] * [[Gid Tanner]] & the [[Skillet Lickers]] * [[Mikha Tambayong]] (Sony/Columbia/RCA Malaysia) * [[:id:Audrey Tapiheru|Audrey Tapiheru]] (Sony/Columbia Malaysia) * [[Taproot (band)|Taproot]] * [[Angel Taylor]] * [[James Taylor]] (1977-2007) * [[Johnnie Taylor]] * [[Ten City]] * [[Tenacious D]] * [[Terminator X]] (P.R.O. Division/RAL/Columbia) * [[Khleo Thomas]] * [[Josh Thompson (singer)|Josh Thompson]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Thorns (band)|The Thorns]] * [[Three Days Grace]] * [[The Three Degrees]] (Columbia/Philadelphia International) * [[Three 6 Mafia]] (Hypnotize Minds/Columbia) * [[Charles Davis Tillman]] * [[The Ting Tings]] * [[Libby Titus]] * [[Toad The Wet Sprocket]] * [[Mia Doi Todd]] * [[Satoshi Tomiie|Satoshi Tomīe]] (C2/Columbia) * [[Mel Torme]] * [[Daniel Tosh]] (Comedy Central/Columbia) * [[Toto (band)|Toto]] * [[Henry Townsend (musician)|Henry Townsend]] * [[Tommy Tutone]] * [[Trackmasters]] (Track Masters/Columbia) * [[Train (band)|Train]] * [[Meghan Trainor]] * [[Trance Dance]] * [[Translator (band)|Translator]] (415/Columbia) * [[The Tremeloes]] * [[Rick Trevino]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Travis Tritt]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Richard Tucker (tenor)|Richard Tucker]] * [[Orrin Tucker]] * [[Tanya Tucker]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Leah Turner]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Twisted Wheel (band)|Twisted Wheel]] * [[Bonnie Tyler]] * [[Steve Tyrell]] * [[Tye Tribbett & G.A.]] * [[Tyga]] * [[Tyler, The Creator]] * [[The Kid Laroi|The Kid LAROI (Grade A)]] * [[Treasure (band)|Treasure]] (US)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Choi|first1=Ji-won|title=YG's Treasure taps into US market with Columbia Records|url=https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20230703000668|website=The Korea Herald|date=July 3, 2023|access-date=July 4, 2023|archive-date=July 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704045107/https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20230703000668|url-status=live}}</ref> {{div col end}} ==U== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Magnus Uggla]] * [[James Blood Ulmer]] * [[The Used]] {{div col end}} ==V== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[The Vaccines]] * [[Jerry Vale]] * [[V.I.C]] * [[Valencia (band)|Valencia]] * [[Vampire Weekend]] * [[Van Zant (band)|Van Zant]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Sarah Vaughan]] * [[The Vibrators]] * [[Gilles Vigneault]] (Columbia of Canada) * [[Andreas Vollenweider]] * [[Grace VanderWaal]] * [[Victorious]] cast (including [[Ariana Grande]], [[Elizabeth Gillies]], [[Victoria Justice]], [[Leon Thomas III]] and [[Matt Bennett]]) (Nickelodeon under Columbia) {{div col end}} ==W== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Walk Off the Earth]] (SlapDash/Columbia) * [[Ron Wallace (singer)|Ron Wallace]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Wallflowers]] * [[Bruno Walter]] * [[Wanderléa]] * [[Wardruna]] * [[Warrant (American band)|Warrant]] * [[War Babies (band)|War Babies]] * [[Dionne Warwick]] * [[Muddy Waters]] * [[Roger Waters]] * [[Mike Watt]] * [[André Watts]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Jeff "Tain" Watts]] * [[Jeff Wayne]] * [[The Weather Girls]] * [[Weather Report]] * [[Joan Weber]] * [[Weezer]] (''[[Hurley (album)|Hurley]]'' only) * [[Freddy Weller]] * [[Koe Wetzel]] * [[Wet (band)|Wet]] * [[Kirk Whalum]] * [[Wham!]] (US/Canada) * [[Wheat (band)|Wheat]] * [[Wheatus]] * [[Whipping Boy (Irish band)|Whipping Boy]] * [[Jack White (musician)|Jack White]] (Third Man/Columbia) * [[Maurice White]] * [[Peter White (musician)|Peter White]] * [[White Denim]] * [[Paul Whiteman]] * [[Whitesnake]] (CBS, Japan) * [[Whodini]] (So So Def/Columbia) * [[Rusty Wier]] * [[Wilderness Road (band)|Wilderness Road]] * [[Andy Williams]] * [[Bert Williams]] * [[James D-Train Williams|James "D-Train" Williams]] * [[Deniece Williams]] * [[John Williams]] * [[Michelle Williams (singer)|Michelle Williams]] * [[Pharrell Williams]] * [[Robbie Williams]] * [[Trent Willmon]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Edith Wilson (singer)|Edith Wilson]] * [[Gretchen Wilson]] (Columbia/Columbia Nashville) * [[Teddy Wilson]] * [[Wilson Phillips]] * [[Wings (band)|Wings]] (US/Canada) * [[Edgar Winter]] * [[Johnny Winter]] * [[Wire Train]] (415/Columbia) * [[Wolf Alice]] * [[Michael Wolff (musician)|Michael Wolff]] * [[Charles Wood (singer and actor)|Charles Wood]] ([[Sony Classical|Columbia Masterworks]]) * [[Ron Wood]] * [[Worl-A-Girl]] (Chaos/Columbia) * [[Richard Wright (musician)|Rick Wright]] (outside Europe) * [[Wu-Tang Clan]] (Loud/Columbia) {{div col end}} ==X== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Xscape (band)|Xscape]] (So So Def/Columbia) * [[Xzibit]] (Loud/Columbia) * [[The X-Ecutioners]] (Loud/Columbia) * [[XXXTentacion]] {{div col end}} ==Y== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Billy Yates (singer)|Billy Yates]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Lori Yates]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Yahritza y Su Esencia]] (Lumbre Music) * [[Yelawolf]] * [[Yes (band)|Yes]] * [[Pete Yorn]] * [[Paul Young]] * [[Tata Young]] * [[Bryshere Y. Gray|Yazz the Greatest]] {{div col end}} ==Z== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Hector Zazou]] * [[Zebrahead]] * [[Denny Zeitlin]] * [[Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons]] (USA/Canada, ''[[Screaming Targets]]'' through Full Moon/Columbia) * [[Zhavia]] * [[Zhu (musician)|ZHU]] * [[ZZ Top]] {{div col end}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Columbia Records artists, list of}} [[Category:Lists of musicians]] nj7g2l79uj03y3ur052tjibbamjllmi 10368009 10367999 2025-07-02T17:51:17Z Davey2010 314522 Reverting edit(s) by [[Special:Contributions/185.13.107.187|185.13.107.187]] ([[User_talk:185.13.107.187|talk]]) : Vandalism 10368009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|Columbia Records artists of the old Columbia Graphophone Co. label which EMI owned|List of Columbia Graphophone Company artists}} A partial listing of recording artists who currently or formerly recorded for [[Columbia Records]] (known in most of the world as [[CBS Records International|CBS Records]] prior to 1991) include the following list. <!--Please make a note if recordings were only leased from another label, this page should basically only list recording artists.--> {{horizontal TOC|nonum=yes}} ==0–9== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages.* * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[24kGoldn]] * [[3LW]] (So So Def/Columbia) * [[3rd Bass]] (Def Jam/Columbia) * [[3rd Faze]] * [[50 Cent]] {{div col end}} ==A== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Gregory Abbott]] * [[AC/DC]] * [[Acceptance (band)|Acceptance]] * [[Yolanda Adams]] * [[Addrisi Brothers]] * [[Adele]] (USA/Canada/Latin America from 2008 to 2021 under [[XL Recordings|XL]]/Columbia, worldwide since 2021 under Melted Stone/Columbia) * [[Aerosmith]] * [[The Afghan Whigs]] * [[The Afters]] * [[Todd Agnew]] * [[Alabama 3]] * [[Alex & Sierra]] * [[Jessi Alexander]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Ora Alexander]] * [[Lucky Ali]] * [[Alice in Chains]] * [[Tha Alkaholiks]] (Loud/Columbia) * [[María Conchita Alonso]] * [[Alvin and the Chipmunks]] * [[Amerie]] (Rise/Columbia) * [[Amil (rapper)|Amil]] (Roc-A-Fella/Columbia) * [[Trey Anastasio]] * [[Anberlin]] * [[Angélique Kidjo]] * [[Anggun]] * [[Eric Andersen]] * [[Jon Anderson]] * [[Keith Anderson]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Lynn Anderson]] * [[The Andrews Sisters]] * [[Anjani]] * [[Paul Anka]] * [[Marc Anthony]] * [[Anthrax (American band)|Anthrax]] * [[Apoptygma Berzerk]] * [[Fiona Apple]] (Work/Columbia) * [[The Apex Theory]] * [[Aqualung (musician)|Aqualung]] * [[Tina Arena]] * [[Arcade Fire]] * [[Arizona Zervas]] * [[Toni Arden]] * [[Louis Armstrong]] * [[Artful Dodger (US band)|Artful Dodger]] * [[James Arthur (singer)|James Arthur]] * [[The Association]] * [[:id:Astrid Sartiasari|Astrid Sartiasari]] (Sony/Epic/Columbia Malaysia) * [[Aşkın Nur Yengi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/release/9579146-A%C5%9Fk%C4%B1n-Nur-Yengi-A%C5%9Fktan-Olsa-Gerek|title=Aşkın Nur Yengi - Aşk'tan Olsa Gerek|date=25 November 2016|access-date=5 December 2023|website=Discogs.com}}</ref> * [[ATEEZ]] * [[Chet Atkins]] * [[Nicole Atkins]] * [[The Ataris]] * [[Atlanta Rhythm Section]] * [[Gene Autry]] * [[The Avant-Garde (band)|The Avant-Garde]] * [[Axis of Justice]] * [[Au/Ra]] (Loudmouth/Columbia) * [[The Automatic Automatic]] * [[Aster Aweke]] * [[Roy Ayers]] * [[Ayo & Teo]] * [[Azteca (band)|Azteca]] {{div col end}} ==B== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[B.T. Express]] * [[Burt Bacharach]] * [[Tal Bachman]] * [[The Bad Plus]] * [[Bad Religion]] * [[Mildred Bailey]] * [[Philip Bailey]] * [[Moe Bandy]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Bangles]] * [[R.C. Bannon]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Bobby Bare]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Ed Bell (musician)|Barefoot Bill From Alabama]] * [[Keith Barrow]] * [[John Barry (composer)|John Barry]] (CBS)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://45-sleeves.com/UK/cbs/L3.jpg|title=Record sleeve : John Barry - "Vendetta" (CBS)|website=45-sleeves.com|access-date=September 6, 2014}}</ref> * [[Karl Bartos]] * [[Count Basie]] * [[David Batteau|Batteaux]] * [[:id:Bukan Bintang Biasa|BBB]] (Columbia Jakarta) * [[Beady Eye]] (outside US) * [[Beastie Boys]] (Def Jam/Columbia) * [[Bix Beiderbecke]] * [[Bedük]] * [[Bel Canto (band)|Bel Canto]] * [[Drake Bell]] (Nickelodeon/Columbia) * [[Marcella Bella]] * [[Regina Belle]] * [[Tony Bennett]] (RPM/Columbia) * [[George Benson]] * [[Cheryl Bentyne]] (member of Manhattan Transfer) * [[Polly Bergen]] * [[Herschel Bernardi]] * [[Leonard Bernstein]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Beyoncé]] (Since 2011, has released her music through her label [[Parkwood Entertainment]]/Columbia) * [[Big Audio Dynamite]] * [[Big Brother and the Holding Company]] * [[Big L]] * [[Big Pun]] (Loud/Columbia) * [[Big Time Rush (band)|Big Time Rush]] (Nickelodeon/Columbia) * [[E. Power Biggs]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Tony Bird (singer-songwriter)|Tony Bird]] * [[Bizarre Inc]] (Vinyl Solution/Columbia) * [[Blá Blá Blá]] * [[Black Kids]] * [[Blackhawk (band)|Blackhawk]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Art Blakey]] * [[Blaque]] (Track Masters/Columbia) * [[Blink-182]] * [[Blood, Sweat & Tears]] * [[Bloodhound Gang]] * [[Mike Bloomfield]] * [[Blue Öyster Cult]] * [[Arthur Blythe]] * [[Bob's Burgers|The Bob's Burgers Album]] * [[Bobby & The Midnites]] * [[Willie Bobo]] * [[Tommy Bolin]] * [[Claude Bolling]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Michael Bolton]] * [[Richard Bona]] * [[Karla Bonoff]] * [[The Boomtown Rats]] (US) * [[Larry Boone]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Boss (rapper)|Boss]] (DJ West/Chaos/Columbia) * [[Chris Botti]] * [[Pierre Boulez]] * [[Bow Wow (rapper)|Bow Wow]] * [[Wade Bowen]] (Sea Gayle/Columbia Nashville) * [[David Bowie]] (ISO Records, licensed to Columbia) * [[Charlie Bowman|Fiddlin' Charlie Bowman]] * [[Jimmy Boyd]] * [[Liona Boyd]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Susan Boyle]] (Syco Music/Columbia) (US) * [[Brakence]] * [[Bravehearts]] * [[Breathe Carolina]] * [[Teresa Brewer]] * [[Bring Me the Horizon]] * [[Britny Fox]] * [[Broken Bells]] * [[David Bromberg]] * [[The Brothers Four]] * [[Dave Brubeck]] * [[Luke Bryan]] * [[Anita Bryant]] * [[Ray Bryant]] * [[Lindsey Buckingham]] * [[The Buckinghams]] * [[Jeff Buckley]] * [[Buckner & Garcia]] * [[Buckshot LeFonque]] * [[Budapest String Quartet]] * [[Bullet for My Valentine]] * [[Vernon Burch]] * [[Hannibal Buress]] (Comedy Central/Columbia) * [[Carol Burnett]] * [[T-Bone Burnett]] * [[Billy Burnette]] * [[Kate Bush]] (US) * [[Ferruccio Busoni]] * [[Busta Rhymes]] * [[Carl Butler]] * [[Champ Butler]] * [[Pearl Butler]] * [[Billy Butterfield]] * [[Charlie Byrd]] * [[The Byrds]] * [[Peabo Bryson]] {{div col end}} ==C== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[C+C Music Factory]] * [[Cha Cha (rapper)|Cha Cha]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/Dear-Diary-Columbia-Records-Sony/dp/B019GRQIUI |website=Amazon.com |title=Dear Diary by Columbia Records/Sony |asin=B019GRQIUI |access-date=October 30, 2016}}</ref> * [[Francis Cabrel]] * [[Cage Kennylz]] * [[Susan Cagle]] * [[Caitlin & Will]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Cake (band)|Cake]] * [[Calamity Jane (country music band)|Calamity Jane]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Cab Calloway]] * [[Court Yard Hounds]] * [[Dove Cameron]] * [[Paula Campbell (singer)|Paula Campbell]] * [[Stacy Dean Campbell]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Cannons (band)|Cannons]] * [[Eddie Cantor]] * [[Jerry Cantrell]] * [[Mariah Carey]] * [[Carcass (band)|Carcass]] * [[Matt Cardle]] * [[Brandi Carlile]] * [[Roberto Carlos (singer)|Roberto Carlos]] * [[Wendy Carlos]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Mary Chapin Carpenter]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Vikki Carr]] * [[Raffaella Carrà]] * [[Carrie Underwood]] * [[Jenny Lou Carson]] * [[Mindy Carson]] * [[Carter Family]] (Original group, 2nd and 3rd generations) * [[The Carter Sisters]] also called "Carter Sisters & Mother Maybelle" * [[Anita Carter]] * [[Helen Carter]] (Okeh) * [[James Carter (musician)|James Carter]] * [[June Carter]] * [[Maybelle Carter]] * [[Valerie Carter]] (transferred to ARC/Columbia for ''Wild Child'') * [[Pablo Casals]] * [[Johnny Cash]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[June Carter Cash]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Ray Cash]] * [[Rosanne Cash]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Cathedral (band)|Cathedral]] * [[Cecilio & Kapono]] * [[John Cena]] * [[Central Cee]] * [[Chad & Jeremy]] * [[The Chainsmokers]] * [[Chairlift (band)|Chairlift]] * [[Chalk FarM (band)|Chalk FarM]] * [[The Chambers Brothers]] * [[Champaign (band)|Champaign]] * [[Carol Channing]] * [[Ray Charles]] * [[Charlie (band)|Charlie]] (''Fantasy Girls'' album, USA) * [[Chayanne]] * [[Cher]] * [[Cherub (musical duo)|Cherub]] * [[Kenny Chesney]] (Blue Chair/Columbia Nashville) * [[Mark Chesnutt]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Chevelle (band)|Chevelle]] * [[The Chieftains]] (outside of Ireland) * [[Chicago (band)|Chicago]] * [[The Chipettes]] * [[Chipmunk (rapper)|Chipmunk]] * [[Christie (band)|Christie]] (CBS) * [[Lou Christie]] * [[Susan Christie]] * [[Charlotte Church]] * [[Christine McVie]] * [[The Chuck Wagon Gang]] * [[Circus of Power]] * [[Clams Casino (musician)|Clams Casino]] * [[The Clancy Brothers]] and [[Tommy Makem]] * [[Buddy Clark (singer)|Buddy Clark]] * [[Petula Clark]] (UK, France and Canada) * [[Anne Clark (poet)|Anne Clark]] * [[The Clash]] * [[David Clayton-Thomas]] * [[Buzz Clifford]] * [[Rosemary Clooney]] * [[Clutch (band)|Clutch]] * [[The Coasters]] * [[Bruce Cockburn]] * [[David Allan Coe]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Amber Coffman]] * [[Coheed and Cambria]] * [[Adam Cohen (musician)|Adam Cohen]] * [[Leonard Cohen]] * [[Coin (band)|Coin]] * [[Ornette Coleman]] * [[Collie Buddz]] * [[Colosseum (band)|Colosseum]] * [[Arthur Collins (singer)|Arthur Collins]] * [[Columbia Symphony Orchestra]] * [[Chi Coltrane]] * [[Shawn Colvin]] * [[Luke Combs]] (River House/Columbia Nashville) * [[Les Compagnons de la chanson]] (CBS Disques S.A.) * [[Jack DeJohnette|Compost]] * [[Jeff Conaway]] * [[John Conlee]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Harry Connick Jr.]] * [[Ray Conniff]] * [[Consequence (rapper)|Consequence]] * [[Aaron Copland]] * [[The Coral]] * [[Chick Corea]] * [[Jill Corey]] * [[Miranda Cosgrove]] (Nickelodeon/Columbia) * [[Elvis Costello]] (US) * [[Court Yard Hounds]] * [[Billy "Crash" Craddock]] * [[Robert Craft]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Creed (band)|Creed]] * [[Rachel Crow]] * [[Rodney Crowell]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Cryan' Shames]] * [[Cry of Love (band)|Cry of Love]] * [[Crazy Town]] * [[Darren Criss]] * [[CRX (band)|CRX]] * [[Xavier Cugat]] * [[Cypress Hill]] (Ruffhouse/Columbia) * [[The Cyrkle]] * [[Miley Cyrus]] {{div col end}} ==D== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[D Generation]] * [[Da Brat]] (So So Def/Columbia) * [[Daft Punk]] (Daft Life/Columbia) * [[Lacy J. Dalton]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Vic Damone]] * [[Dangerous Toys]] * [[Danzig (band)|Danzig]] * [[The Daou]] * [[Terence Trent D'Arby]] * [[Bobby Darin]] * [[Joe Dassin]] (CBS Disques S.A. and Columbia of Canada) * [[Dave (singer)|Dave]] (CBS Disques S.A.) * [[Dave Gahan]] (member of Depeche Mode) * [[John Davidson (entertainer)|John Davidson]] * [[Jimmie Davis]] * [[Mac Davis]] * [[Miles Davis]] * [[Tyrone Davis]] * [[Doris Day]] * [[Stu Daye]] (Pilot/Columbia) * [[Jimmy Dean]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Death (metal band)|Death]] * [[Death Grips]] * [[Cole Deggs & the Lonesome]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Paco de Lucía]] * [[Declan McKenna]] * [[Dej Loaf]] * [[Delaney & Bonnie]] * [[Depeche Mode]] (Mute/Columbia) * [[The Derek Trucks Band]] * [[Destiny's Child]] (Music World/Columbia) * [[Frank De Vol]] * [[Barry De Vorzon]] * [[Dillon Francis]] * [[Al Di Meola]] * [[Neil Diamond]] * [[Dion DiMucci|Dion]] * [[Celine Dion]] * [[Il Divo]] * [[Die Ärzte]] (1984–1988) * [[Dixie Chicks]] (Wide Open/Columbia Nashville) * [[DJ Kayslay]] * [[DMX (rapper)|DMX]] (former) * [[Dr. Dre]] (former) * [[Dr. Feelgood (band)|Dr. Feelgood]] (USA/Canada) * [[Dr. Hook & the Medicine Show]] * [[Deryl Dodd]] * [[Tim Dog]] (Ruffhouse/Columbia) * [[Ned Doheny]] * [[Dokken]] * [[Domo Genesis]] ([[Odd Future Records|Odd Future]]/Columbia) * [[The Dorsey Brothers]] * [[Downtown Science (group)|Downtown Science]] (Def Jam/Columbia) * [[Sue Draheim]] * [[Drowning Pool]] * [[Duo Tal & Groethuysen]] * [[Jermaine Dupri]] (So So Def/Columbia) * [[Bob Dylan]] * [[Jakob Dylan]] * [[Ronnie Dyson]] {{div col end}} ==E== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Earl Sweatshirt]] (Tan Cressida) * [[Earth, Wind & Fire]] (ARC/Columbia) * [[Walter Egan]] * [[The Electric Flag]] * [[Elaine (singer)|Elaine]] * [[Electric Light Orchestra]] * [[Elkland (band)|Elkland]] * [[Duke Ellington]] * [[Don Ellis]] * [[Emilio Navaira]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Emotions]] * [[Empire (2015 TV series)|''Empire'' cast]] * [[EPMD]] (Def Jam/RAL/Columbia) * [[Esbjörn Svensson Trio|E.S.T.]] * [[David Essex]] * [[Ethan Bortnick]] * [[Evan and Jaron]] * [[Jackie Evancho]] (Syco Music/Columbia) * [[Evanescence]] * [[Bill Evans]] * [[Tiffany Evans]] * [[George Ezra]] * [[Fleur East]] * [[Perrie Edwards]] {{div col end}} ==F== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Barbara Fairchild]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Shelly Fairchild]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Percy Faith]] * [[Rose Falcon]] * [[Fania All-Stars]] * [[Tyler Farr]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Eileen Farrell]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Dionne Farris]] * [[Fastway (band)|Fastway]] * [[Rebecca Ferguson (singer)|Rebecca Ferguson]] (Syco Music/Columbia) * [[Nino Ferrer]] (CBS Disques S.A.) * [[Fertig, Los!]] * [[Dominic Fike]] * [[Fingertight]] * [[Firehose (band)|Firehose]] * [[The Firesign Theatre]] * [[First Aid Kit (band)|First Aid Kit]] * [[Ella Fitzgerald]] * [[Five for Fighting]] * [[Five Finger Death Punch]] (Prospect Park) * [[Béla Fleck]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Fleetwood Mac]] (Blue Horizon/CBS) (outside US/Canada) * [[The Flying Burrito Brothers]] * [[Dan Fogelberg]] * [[Foggy Mountain Boys]] * [[Ronnie Foster]] * [[Foster the People]] * [[The Four Lads]] * [[Zino Francescatti]] * [[Frankie J]] * [[Aretha Franklin]] * [[Franz Ferdinand (band)|Franz Ferdinand]] * [[Fraser & DeBolt]] * [[Frenship]] * [[Janie Fricke]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[David Frizzell]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Front (band)|The Front]] * [[Michel Fugain]] (CBS Disques S.A. France) * [[Fugees]] (Ruffhouse/Columbia) * [[Full Force]] * [[Future (rapper)|Future]] {{div col end}} ==G== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Jean Gabin]] (CBS Disques S.A.) * [[:id:Janita Gabriella|Janita Gabriella]] (Sony/Columbia Malaysia) * [[André Gagnon]] (Columbia of Canada) * [[Eric Gale]] * [[Patsy Gallant]] (Columbia of Canada) * [[Katy Garbi]] * [[Sean Garrett]] ([[Roc Nation]]/Columbia) * [[Art Garfunkel]] * [[Judy Garland]] * [[Bradley Gaskin]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Larry Gatlin]] (Columbia Nashville, first six albums leased from Monument) * [[Marvin Gaye]] * [[Crystal Gayle]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Stan Getz]] * [[J Geils Band]] * [[Teddy Geiger]] * [[George Gershwin]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Gentle Giant]] (US and Canada, leased from Vertigo and Chrysalis) * [[Gesaffelstein]] * [[Gigi (Indonesian band)|Gigi]] (Sony/Columbia Malaysia) * [[Art Gillham]] (The Whispering Pianist) (first electrical recording 1925) * [[Elizabeth Gillies]] (Nickelodeon/Columbia) * [[Terry Gilkyson]] * [[David Gilmour]] * [[Glasvegas]] * [[Glee Cast|''Glee'' cast]] * Glokk40Spaz * [[Glowie]] * [[The Go! Team]] * [[Goapele]] (Skyblaze/Columbia) * [[Arthur Godfrey]] * [[Gogol Bordello]] * [[Goldfinger (band)|Goldfinger]] * [[Benny Golson]] * [[GoodBooks]] * [[Benny Goodman]] * [[Delta Goodrem]] * [[Dexter Gordon]] * [[Eydie Gormé]] * [[Vern Gosdin]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Gossip (band)|Gossip]] * [[Glenn Gould]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Robert Goulet]] * [[Geolier]] * [[Lawrence Gowan|Gowan]] (Anthem/Columbia) * [[Alana Grace]] * [[Jamie Grace]] * [[Stéphane Grappelli]] * [[Diva Gray]] * [[Gregory Gray]] * [[Mark Gray (singer)|Mark Gray]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Great Plains (Tennessee band)|Great Plains]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Partridge Green]] * [[Vivian Green]] * [[Gene Greene]] * [[Kenneth W. Griffin|Ken Griffin]] * [[Gumball (band)|Gumball]] * [[A Guy Called Gerald]] * [[Grimes (musician)|Grimes]] * [[Grace Vanderwaal]] {{div col end}} ==H== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Bruce Haack]] * [[Haim (band)|Haim]] * [[Nina Hagen]] * [[Adelaide Hall]] * [[John Hall (New York politician)|John Hall]] (''Power'' released through ARC/Columbia) * [[Halsey (singer)|Halsey]] * [[Paul Hampton]] * [[Herbie Hancock]] * [[Hanoi Rocks]] * [[The Harden Trio]] * [[Arlene Harden]] * [[Tim Hardin]] * [[The Harmonicats]] * [[Jimmy Harnen]] * [[Calvin Harris]] * [[Corey Hart (singer)|Corey Hart]] (Columbia of Canada) * [[Sophie B. Hawkins]] * [[Darren Hayes]] * [[Isaac Hayes]] * [[Wade Hayes]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Roy Haynes]] * [[Harlem World (group)|Harlem World]] (So So Def/Columbia) * [[Hawks (band)|Hawks]] * [[Heart (band)|Heart]] * [[Heath Brothers]] * [[Heaven's Edge]] * [[Mitch Hedberg]] (Comedy Central/Columbia) * [[Coleman Hell]] * [[Hellyeah]] * [[Ella Henderson]] (Syco Music/Columbia) (US) * [[Fletcher Henderson]] * [[Woody Herman]] * [[Patrick Hernandez]] * [[Ari Hest]] * [[Hey Monday]] (Decaydance/Columbia) * [[The Highwaymen (country supergroup)|The Highwaymen]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Dan Hill]] * [[Lauryn Hill]] * [[Z.Z. Hill]] * [[The Hi-Lo's]] * [[Mattie Hite]] * [[Hodgy]] * [[Billie Holiday]] * [[Jake Holmes]] * [[The Hooters]] * [[Linda Hopkins]] * [[Dan Hornsby]] * [[Vladimir Horowitz]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Johnny Horton]] * [[Cissy Houston]] * [[Marques Houston]] * [[Terrence Howard]] * [[How to Destroy Angels (band)|How to Destroy Angels]] * [[Home Free (group)|Home Free]] * [[Hozier]] (US/Canada/Australia) * [[Freddie Hubbard]] * [[Hundred Reasons]] {{div col end}} ==I== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Julio Iglesias]] * [[Jack Ingram]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Inner City (band)|Inner City]] * [[Insane Clown Posse]] (Psychopathic Records; distribution only) * [[Irakere]] * [[Iron Maiden]] (US) * [[It's a Beautiful Day]] * [[Ive (group)|Ive]] (Starship/Columbia; Korean releases only)<ref>{{Cite news|last=Yoon|first=Sang-keun|date=March 24, 2023|url=https://v.daum.net/v/20230324091631379|title='컴백' 아이브 북미 진출 본격화..카카오X소니뮤직 손잡았다[공식]|language=ko|work=StarNews|url-status=live|access-date=March 24, 2023|via=Daum|archive-date=March 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324015747/https://v.daum.net/v/20230324091631379}}</ref> * [[The Internet (band)|The Internet]] (Odd Future/Columbia) {{div col end}} ==J== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[J. Cole]] ([[Roc Nation]]/Columbia) * [[The Jacksons]] * [[Mahalia Jackson]] * [[Michael Jackson]] * [[Rebbie Jackson]] * [[Stonewall Jackson (musician)|Stonewall Jackson]] * [[Jaroslav Jakubovič]] * [[Jagged Edge (American group)|Jagged Edge]] (So So Def/Columbia) * [[Bob James (musician)|Bob James]] (Columbia/Tappan Zee; material was later reissued by [[Warner Records|Warner Bros. Records]]) * [[Casey James]] (19/Columbia Nashville) * [[Harry James]] * [[Sonny James]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Tom Jans]] * [[Lauren Jauregui]] * [[Jay Z]] (Def Jam - until 2009) * [[Wyclef Jean]] * [[Jennie (singer)|Jennie]] (Odd Atelier/Columbia) * [[Lyfe Jennings]] * [[Buddy Jewell]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[J-Kwon]] * [[Joan Jett and the Blackhearts]] (Blackheart Records) * [[Kari Jobe]] (Integrity/Columbia) * [[The Joe Perry Project]] * [[Billy Joel]] * [[J.J. Johnson]] * [[Robert Johnson (musician)|Robert Johnson]] * [[Jim Jones (rapper)|Jim Jones]] * [[Oran "Juice" Jones]] (Def Jam/Columbia) * [[Janis Joplin]] * [[Alexis Jordan]] * [[Josie and the Pussycats (album)|Josie and the Pussycats]] * [[Journey (band)|Journey]] * [[Judas Priest]] * [[Juicy J]] * [[Juilliard String Quartet]] * [[Pauline Julien]] * [[Junkie XL]] * [[Juno Reactor]] * [[Victoria Justice]] (Nickelodeon/Columbia) * [[Jussie Smollett]] {{div col end}} ==K== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Patricia Kaas]] * [[Brenda Kahn]] * [[Roger Wolfe Kahn]] * [[Ini Kamoze]] * [[Christian Kane]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Madleen Kane]] * [[Miles Kane]] * [[Kasabian]] * [[Katy B]] (Rinse FM/Columbia) * [[Sammy Kaye]] * [[Jorma Kaukonen]] * [[Mat Kearney]] * [[Kenna]] * [[Raymond Louis Kennedy]] (ARC/Columbia) * [[Alicia Keys]] * [[Kreayshawn]] * [[Kid Capri]] (Track Masters/Columbia) * [[Angélique Kidjo]] * [[Killer Mike]] (Aquemini/Columbia) * [[Killing Joke]] * [[Killradio]] * [[Killswitch Engage]] * [[Carl King (singer)|Carl King]] * [[Peggy King]] * [[King Princess]] * [[Kings of Leon]] * [[The Kinks]] * [[John Kirby (musician)|John Kirby]] * [[Gladys Knight]] * [[Gladys Knight & the Pips]] * [[Holly Knight]] (self-titled album) * [[Reggie Knighton]] (transferred to ARC/Columbia for ''The Reggie Knighton Band'') *[[Koe Wetzel]] * [[Kool Keith]] (Ruffhouse/Columbia) * [[Al Kooper]] * [[Korn]] (until 2009) * [[Andre Kostelanetz]] * [[Kraftwerk]] * [[Chantal Kreviazuk]] * [[Kris Kross]] (Ruffhouse/Columbia) * [[Toshinobu Kubota]] * [[Kula Shaker]] * [[Leah Kunkel]] * [[Kurious]] (Hoppoh/Columbia) * [[Kay Kyser]] * [[Krewella]] {{div col end}} ==L== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Labrinth]] (US) * [[Frankie Laine]] * [[Lake (German band)|Lake]] * [[Kendrick Lamar]] * [[Lamb of God (band)|Lamb of God]] * [[Lambert, Hendricks & Ross]] * [[Miranda Lambert]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[George Lamond]] * [[Catherine Lara]] * [[The Lashes]] * [[The Laughing Dogs]] * [[Steve Lawrence]] * [[Hubert Laws]] * [[LCD Soundsystem]] * [[Denis Leary]] (Comedy Central/Columbia) * [[Lecrae]] * [[Michele Lee]] * [[Mylon LeFevre]] (Columbia and CBS Associated) * [[Leftfield]] (Hard Hands/Columbia) * [[John Legend]] * [[Len (band)|Len]] * [[Gérard Lenorman]] * [[LÉON (Swedish singer)|LÉON]] * [[Lewis Del Mar]] * [[LunchMoney Lewis]] (Kemosabe/Columbia) * [[Ted Lewis (musician)|Ted Lewis]] * [[Monique Leyrac]] * [[Prudence Liew]] * [[Lil' Fizz]] * [[Lil' Flip]] (Loud/Columbia) * [[Lil Nas X]] * [[Lil Peep|Lil' Peep]] * [[Lil Tjay]] * [[Lil Xan|Lil' Xan]] * [[Mark Lindsay]] * [[Lisa Lisa and Cult Jam]] * [[LL Cool J]] (Def Jam/Columbia) * [[Lo Fidelity Allstars]] (Skint/Columbia) * [[Kenny Loggins]] * [[Loggins and Messina]] * [[Little Mix]] (US) * [[Guy Lombardo]]<ref>[https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/guy-lombardo-and-his-royal-canadians-emc The Canadian Encyclopedia: "Guy Lombardo and His Royal Canadians" Mookg, Edward B. (6 April 2008 rev. 4 March 2015) on thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en]</ref> * [[London String Quartet]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Lone Star (band)|Lone Star]] * [[Brice Long]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Bobby Lord]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Lord Tariq and Peter Gunz]] * [[Lostprophets]] * [[Lous and the Yakuza]]<ref name="Konbini">{{cite web|last=Narduzzi|first=Guillaume|url=https://www.konbini.com/fr/musique/lous-and-the-yakuza-warm-up/|title=Avec sa pop ravageuse, Lous and The Yakuza vient enterrer le game|website=Konbini.com|date=October 28, 2019|access-date=May 24, 2020}}</ref> * [[Lovedrug]] * [[Love Affair (band)|The Love Affair]] (outside US) * [[Love/Hate (band)|Love/Hate]] * [[Loverboy]] * [[Nick Lowe]] (US) * [[LSD (collaboration)|LSD]] * [[Norman Luboff]] * [[LeToya Luckett]] * [[Jimmie Lunceford]] * [[Cheryl Lynn]] {{div col end}} ==M== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[MN8]] * [[M.I.A. (rapper)|M.I.A.]] * [[Macklemore]] * [[Macklemore and Ryan Lewis]] * [[Magic Man (band)|Magic Man]] * [[Magnetic Man]] * [[Mad Cobra]] * [[Madeon]] * [[Taj Mahal (musician)|Taj Mahal]] * [[Mahavishnu Orchestra]] * [[Mahogany Rush]] * [[Natalie Maines]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Manic Street Preachers]] * [[Barbara Mandrell]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Chuck Mangione]] * [[The Manhattan Transfer]] (1991–92) * [[The Manhattans]] * [[Barry Manilow]] * [[Frank Marino]] * [[Marmalade (band)|Marmalade]] * [[Branford Marsalis]] * [[Ellis Marsalis Jr.]] * [[Wynton Marsalis]] * [[Marshanda]] (Sony/Columbia Malaysia) * [[Marshmello]] * [[Martika]] * [[Ricky Martin]] (C2/Columbia) * [[Martina McBride]] * [[Mary Mary]] * [[Ma$e]] (So So Def/Columbia) * [[Mashmakhan]] * [[Jackie Mason]] * [[Nick Mason]] (outside Europe) * [[Johnny Mathis]] * [[Iain Matthews]] (1976–77) * [[Matthews, Wright & King]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Maxwell (musician)|Maxwell]] * [[John Mayer (musician)|John Mayer]] (Aware/Columbia) * [[Rachael MacFarlane]] * [[Seth MacFarlane]] * [[Paul McCartney]] (US/Canada, after 1979) * [[Jennette McCurdy]] (Nickelodeon/Columbia) * [[Roger McGuinn]] * [[Joey McIntyre]] (C2/Columbia) * [[Nellie McKay]] * [[Scott McKenzie]] * [[John McLaughlin (musician)|John McLaughlin]] * [[Marshall McLuhan]] * [[Katharine McPhee]] * [[Peter McPoland]] * [[Carmen McRae]] * [[MC Serch]] (Def Jam/Chaos/Columbia) * [[Mecano]] * [[Mark Medlock]] * [[Megadeth]] * [[John Mellencamp]] * [[Memento (band)|Memento]] * [[Men at Work]] * [[Maria Mena]] * [[Tim Mensy]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes]] (Philadelphia International/Columbia) * [[Freddie Mercury]] * [[Metallica]] (until 1991) * [[MFSB]] (Philadelphia International/Columbia) * [[MGMT]] * [[George Michael]] (US/Canada) * [[Lea Michele]] * [[John Rocca|Midi Rain]] (Vinyl Solution/Columbia) * [[Bette Midler]] * [[Midtown (band)|Midtown]] * [[Mile (band)|Mile]] * [[Miley Cyrus]] * [[Mitch Miller]] * [[T. Mills]] * [[Nathan Milstein]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Charles Mingus]] * [[Liza Minnelli]] * [[Misfits (band)|Misfits]] * [[Guy Mitchell]] * [[Dimitri Mitropoulos]] * [[MKTO]] * [[Ms Mr]] * [[Mr. T]] * [[Mobb Deep]] (Loud/Columbia) * [[Moby (musician)|Moby]] * [[Moby Grape]] * [[Don Moen (singer)|Don Moen]] (Integrity/Columbia) * [[Katy Moffatt]] * [[Eddie Money]] (Wolfgang/Columbia) * [[Thelonious Monk]] * [[Ashley Monroe]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Montgomery Gentry]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Sara Montiel]] * [[Jackie Moore (singer)|Jackie Moore]] * [[M.O.P.]] *[[Megan Moroney]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Moxie Raia]] * [[Alanis Morissette]] (Columbia SevenOne) (Europe) * [[Mormon Tabernacle Choir]] * [[Maren Morris]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Motion City Soundtrack]] * [[Mudhoney]] * [[Mudvayne]] * [[Shawn Mullins]] * [[Eddie Murphy]] * [[Elliott Murphy]] * [[Olly Murs]] * [[Primrose (group)#Former members|Yeum Myongwoo]] (Sony Music/Columbia/Epic Records, Korean releases only) {{div col end}} ==N== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Jim Nabors]] * [[Nat & Alex Wolff|The Naked Brothers Band]] (Nickelodeon/Columbia) * [[Natalie Maines]] * [[Anna Nalick]] * [[Nas]] * [[Nature (rapper)|Nature]] * [[Naya Rivera]] (dropped) * [[The Neighbourhood]] * [[Willie Nelson]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Nena]] (CBS Schallplatten) * [[N.E.R.D.]] * [[Peter Nero]] * [[The New Christy Minstrels]] * [[New Kids on the Block]] * [[Randy Newman]] * [[Nice & Smooth]] (RAL/Columbia) * [[Willie Nile]] * [[Nine Inch Nails]] (Null Corp./Columbia) (US/Taiwan) * [[NKOTBSB]] * [[No Wyld]] * [[Noemi (singer)|Noemi]] * [[Northern State (band)|Northern State]] {{div col end}} ==O== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[OG Maco]] * [[The O'Jays]] (Philadelphia International/Columbia) * [[The O'Kanes]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Oak Ridge Boys]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Oasis (band)|Oasis]] (Big Brother/Helter Skelter/Columbia) (US) * [[Frank Ocean]] * [[Odd Future]] * [[The Offspring]] (1997–2013) * [[Babatunde Olatunji]] * [[Old Crow Medicine Show]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Old Dominion (band)|Old Dominion]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Ollabelle]] * [[Joe "King" Oliver]] * [[One Direction]] (Columbia) (US) * [[OneRepublic]]* * [[Onyx (group)|Onyx]] (JMJ/RAL/Chaos/Columbia) * [[Oomph!]] * [[Original Concept]] (Def Jam/Columbia) * [[Eugene Ormandy]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Our Lady Peace]] * [[The Outfield]] * [[OutKast]] * [[Ozzy Osbourne]] {{div col end}} ==P== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[P1Harmony]] ([[FNC Entertainment]]/Columbia) (US) * [[Papa Roach]] * [[Passion Pit]] * [[Patti Page]] * [[Polo G]] * [[Michel Pagliaro]] * [[Johan Palm]] * [[Dolly Parton]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Billy Paul]] (Philadelphia International/Columbia) * [[Les Paul]] and [[Mary Ford]] * [[Pavlov's Dog (band)|Pavlov's Dog]] (debut album leased from [[ABC Records]]) * [[Peace (band)|Peace]] * [[Peach Pit (band)|Peach Pit]] * [[Pearl Jam]] * [[Gayla Peevey]] * [[Christine McVie|Christine Perfect]] (Blue Horizon/CBS) (outside US/Canada) * [[Katy Perry]] * [[Steve Perry (musician)|Steve Perry]] * [[Julian Perretta]] * [[Persephone's Bees]] * [[Joe Pesci]] * [[Philadelphia Orchestra]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Washington Phillips]] * [[Edith Piaf]] * [[Kellie Pickler]] (19/Columbia Nashville) * [[Pink Floyd]] (outside Europe) * [[Joe Piscopo]] * [[Mary Kay Place]] * [[Manitas de Plata]] * [[Rachel Platten]] * [[Play (Swedish group)|Play]] * [[P.O.D.]] * [[Pamela Polland]] * [[Jean-Luc Ponty]] * [[Powerman 5000]] * [[Prairie Madness]] * [[Pras]] (Ruffhouse/Columbia) * [[Andy Pratt (singer-songwriter)|Andy Pratt]] * [[The Presidents of the United States of America (band)|The Presidents of the United States of America]] * [[Pretty Maids]] * [[PrettyMuch]] * [[Ray Price (musician)|Ray Price]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Primal Scream]] * [[Prince (musician)|Prince]] (NPG/Columbia) * [[Charles A. Prince]] * [[Project Pat]] (Hypnotize Minds/Columbia) * [[The Psycho Realm]] (Ruffhouse/Columbia) * [[Public Enemy (band)|Public Enemy]] (Def Jam/Columbia) * [[Gary Puckett & The Union Gap]] * [[The Puppies]] (Chaos/Columbia) * [[ppcocaine]] * [[Perrie Edwards|Perrie]] {{div col end}} ==Q== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Carmel Quinn]] * [[Quarashi]] * [[Bill Quateman]] {{div col end}} ==R== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Joshua Radin]] * [[Radiopilot]] * [[Raekwon]] (Loud/Columbia) * [[Rag 'N' Bone Man]] * [[Rage Against the Machine]] * [[A. R. Rahman]] * [[Addison Rae]] * [[Ramones]] * [[Jean-Pierre Rampal]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Bella Ramsey]] * [[Rancid (band)|Rancid]] * [[The Rascals]] * [[Raury]] (LoveRenaissance/Columbia) * [[Genya Ravan]] * [[The Raveonettes]] * [[Jacob Anderson|Raleigh Ritchie]] * [[Lou Rawls]] (Philadelphia International/Columbia) * [[Johnnie Ray]] * [[Raze (house music group)|Raze]] * [[Tony Rebel]] (Chaos/Columbia) * [[Red Rockers]] (415/Columbia) * [[Mike Reid (singer)|Mike Reid]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Remix Master]] * [[Return to Forever]] * [[Paul Revere & the Raiders]] * [[Nóirín Ní Riain]] * [[Kyle Riabko]] * [[Chase Rice]] (Dack Janiels/Columbia Nashville) * [[Rich Kidz (hip hop group)|Rich Kidz]] * [[Ricochet (band)|Ricochet]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Rip Chords]] * [[Rise Against]] * [[Andrew Roachford|Roachford]] * [[Marty Robbins]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Emma Roberts]] (Nickelodeon/Columbia) * [[Robinella|Robinella and the CC String Band]] * [[Eileen Rodgers]] * [[David Rogers (singer)|David Rogers]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Rolling Stones]] (Rolling Stones/Columbia) * [[Romeo Void]] (415/Columbia) * [[Mark Ronson]] * [[Robi Dräco Rosa]] * [[Rosalía (singer)|Rosalía]] * [[Charles Rosen]] * [[Lucy Rose]] * [[Tim Rose]] * [[Rick Ross]] * [[Billy Joe Royal]] * [[John Wesley Ryles]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Russ (rapper)|Russ]] * [[Ruth B]] *[[Rosa Linn]] *[[Rita Ora]] (Signed To Roc Nation Prior To Her Move To Atlantic UK, Distributed By Columbia Records) {{div col end}} ==S== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Sum 41]] (Canada) * [[Stromae]] * [[Steve Angello]] * [[Raphael Saadiq]] * [[Bally Sagoo]] * [[David Sánchez (musician)|David Sanchez]] * [[Roger Sanchez]] * [[Felicia Sanders]] * [[Arturo Sandoval]] * [[Sandeé]] (Fever/RAL/Columbia) * [[Santana (band)|Santana]] * [[Savage Garden]] (outside Australia/Japan) * [[Save Ferris]] (Withyn/Columbia) * [[Alexandra Savior]] * [[Scandal (American band)|Scandal]] * [[Kristen Schaal]] (Comedy Central/Columbia) * [[Janne Schaffer]] * [[Patti Scialfa]] * [[Raymond Scott]] * [[Tom Scott (saxophonist)|Tom Scott]] * [[Pete Seeger]] * [[The Seekers]] * [[Seiko Matsuda|Seiko]] * [[Seohyun]] (Namoo Actors/Columbia, Korean releases only) * [[Serart]] * [[Rudolf Serkin]] * [[Serayah (actress)|Serayah]] * [[Shaggy (musician)|Shaggy]] * [[Shakti (band)|Shakti]] * [[Ravi Shankar]] * [[Billy Joe Shaver]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Marlena Shaw]] * [[Woody Shaw]] * [[Dorothy Shay]] * [[Shenandoah (band)|Shenandoah]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[She & Him]] * [[Ricky Van Shelton]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[T.G. Sheppard]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Shins]] (Aural Apothecary/Columbia) * [[Dinah Shore]] * [[Wayne Shorter]] * [[Bobby Sichran]] * [[Frank Czuri#The Silencers|The Silencers]] * [[Silver Condor (band)|Silver Condor]] * [[Lu Ann Simms]] * [[Simple Plan]] * [[Simon & Garfunkel]] * [[Paul Simon]] * [[Carly Simon]] * [[Jessica Simpson]] (Columbia/Columbia Nashville) * [[Frank Sinatra]] * [[Sixpence None the Richer]] * [[Red Skelton]] * [[Slayer]] * [[Sleeping with Sirens]] * [[Bessie Smith]] * [[Connie Smith]] * [[Joanna Smith]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[JoJo Siwa]] * [[Kate Smith]] * [[Lonnie Smith (baseball)|Lonnie Smith]] * [[O. C. Smith]] * [[Patti Smith]] * [[Rex Smith (entertainer)|Rex Smith]] * [[Will Smith]] * [[Willie "Long Time" Smith]] * [[Jussie Smollett]] * [[Phoebe Snow]] * [[Social Distortion]] * [[Solange Knowles|Solange]] * [[Joanie Sommers]] * [[Soul Asylum]] * [[South Border (band)|South Border]] (Philippines) * [[South Central Cartel]] (GWK/DJ West/RAL/Chaos/Columbia) * [[South Park]] (Comedy Central/Columbia/WMG) * [[Spandau Ballet]] (CBS) * [[Sparks (band)|Sparks]] (US) * [[Lucy Spraggan]] * [[Rick Springfield]] * [[Bruce Springsteen]] * [[Spiral Starecase]] * [[Natasha St-Pier]] * [[Stabbing Westward]] * [[Jo Stafford]] * [[Mary Stafford (singer)|Mary Stafford]] * [[The Stanley Brothers]] * [[Ralph Stanley]] * [[The Statler Brothers]] (Columbia Nashville, then [[Mercury Nashville]]) * [[Lennon Stella]] * [[Chris Stapleton]] * [[Stereo Skyline]] * [[Stereomud]] * [[Isaac Stern]] * [[Cal Stewart]] * [[Larry Stewart (singer)|Larry Stewart]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Doug Stone]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Igor Strawinsky]] * [[Barbra Streisand]] * [[The Stunners (group)|The Stunners]] * [[Harry Styles]] * [[Selah Sue]] * [[Sunscreem]] * [[Super Cat]] * [[Superchick]] * [[Surface (band)|Surface]] * [[Sweathog]] * [[The Sweet]] * [[Sweethearts of the Rodeo]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Switchfoot]] * [[Syd (singer)|Syd]] * [[System of a Down]] (American Recordings/Columbia) * [[George Szell]] {{div col end}} ==T== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[T-Pain]] * [[T-Square (band)|T-Square]] * [[Gid Tanner]] & the [[Skillet Lickers]] * [[Mikha Tambayong]] (Sony/Columbia/RCA Malaysia) * [[:id:Audrey Tapiheru|Audrey Tapiheru]] (Sony/Columbia Malaysia) * [[Taproot (band)|Taproot]] * [[Angel Taylor]] * [[James Taylor]] (1977-2007) * [[Johnnie Taylor]] * [[Ten City]] * [[Tenacious D]] * [[Terminator X]] (P.R.O. Division/RAL/Columbia) * [[Khleo Thomas]] * [[Josh Thompson (singer)|Josh Thompson]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Thorns (band)|The Thorns]] * [[Three Days Grace]] * [[The Three Degrees]] (Columbia/Philadelphia International) * [[Three 6 Mafia]] (Hypnotize Minds/Columbia) * [[Charles Davis Tillman]] * [[The Ting Tings]] * [[Libby Titus]] * [[Toad The Wet Sprocket]] * [[Mia Doi Todd]] * [[Satoshi Tomiie|Satoshi Tomīe]] (C2/Columbia) * [[Mel Torme]] * [[Daniel Tosh]] (Comedy Central/Columbia) * [[Toto (band)|Toto]] * [[Henry Townsend (musician)|Henry Townsend]] * [[Tommy Tutone]] * [[Trackmasters]] (Track Masters/Columbia) * [[Train (band)|Train]] * [[Meghan Trainor]] * [[Trance Dance]] * [[Translator (band)|Translator]] (415/Columbia) * [[The Tremeloes]] * [[Rick Trevino]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Travis Tritt]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Richard Tucker (tenor)|Richard Tucker]] * [[Orrin Tucker]] * [[Tanya Tucker]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Leah Turner]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Twisted Wheel (band)|Twisted Wheel]] * [[Bonnie Tyler]] * [[Steve Tyrell]] * [[Tye Tribbett & G.A.]] * [[Tyga]] * [[Tyler, The Creator]] * [[The Kid Laroi|The Kid LAROI (Grade A)]] * [[Treasure (band)|Treasure]] (US)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Choi|first1=Ji-won|title=YG's Treasure taps into US market with Columbia Records|url=https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20230703000668|website=The Korea Herald|date=July 3, 2023|access-date=July 4, 2023|archive-date=July 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704045107/https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20230703000668|url-status=live}}</ref> {{div col end}} ==U== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Magnus Uggla]] * [[James Blood Ulmer]] * [[The Used]] {{div col end}} ==V== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[The Vaccines]] * [[Jerry Vale]] * [[V.I.C]] * [[Valencia (band)|Valencia]] * [[Vampire Weekend]] * [[Van Zant (band)|Van Zant]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Sarah Vaughan]] * [[The Vibrators]] * [[Gilles Vigneault]] (Columbia of Canada) * [[Andreas Vollenweider]] * [[Grace VanderWaal]] * [[Victorious]] cast (including [[Ariana Grande]], [[Elizabeth Gillies]], [[Victoria Justice]], [[Leon Thomas III]] and [[Matt Bennett]]) (Nickelodeon under Columbia) {{div col end}} ==W== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Walk Off the Earth]] (SlapDash/Columbia) * [[Ron Wallace (singer)|Ron Wallace]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[The Wallflowers]] * [[Bruno Walter]] * [[Wanderléa]] * [[Wardruna]] * [[Warrant (American band)|Warrant]] * [[War Babies (band)|War Babies]] * [[Dionne Warwick]] * [[Muddy Waters]] * [[Roger Waters]] * [[Mike Watt]] * [[André Watts]] (Columbia Masterworks) * [[Jeff "Tain" Watts]] * [[Jeff Wayne]] * [[The Weather Girls]] * [[Weather Report]] * [[Joan Weber]] * [[Weezer]] (''[[Hurley (album)|Hurley]]'' only) * [[Freddy Weller]] * [[Koe Wetzel]] * [[Wet (band)|Wet]] * [[Kirk Whalum]] * [[Wham!]] (US/Canada) * [[Wheat (band)|Wheat]] * [[Wheatus]] * [[Whipping Boy (Irish band)|Whipping Boy]] * [[Jack White (musician)|Jack White]] (Third Man/Columbia) * [[Maurice White]] * [[Peter White (musician)|Peter White]] * [[White Denim]] * [[Paul Whiteman]] * [[Whitesnake]] (CBS, Japan) * [[Whodini]] (So So Def/Columbia) * [[Rusty Wier]] * [[Wilderness Road (band)|Wilderness Road]] * [[Andy Williams]] * [[Bert Williams]] * [[James D-Train Williams|James "D-Train" Williams]] * [[Deniece Williams]] * [[John Williams]] * [[Michelle Williams (singer)|Michelle Williams]] * [[Pharrell Williams]] * [[Robbie Williams]] * [[Trent Willmon]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Edith Wilson (singer)|Edith Wilson]] * [[Gretchen Wilson]] (Columbia/Columbia Nashville) * [[Teddy Wilson]] * [[Wilson Phillips]] * [[Wings (band)|Wings]] (US/Canada) * [[Edgar Winter]] * [[Johnny Winter]] * [[Wire Train]] (415/Columbia) * [[Wolf Alice]] * [[Michael Wolff (musician)|Michael Wolff]] * [[Charles Wood (singer and actor)|Charles Wood]] ([[Sony Classical|Columbia Masterworks]]) * [[Ron Wood]] * [[Worl-A-Girl]] (Chaos/Columbia) * [[Richard Wright (musician)|Rick Wright]] (outside Europe) * [[Wu-Tang Clan]] (Loud/Columbia) {{div col end}} ==X== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Xscape (band)|Xscape]] (So So Def/Columbia) * [[Xzibit]] (Loud/Columbia) * [[The X-Ecutioners]] (Loud/Columbia) * [[XXXTentacion]] {{div col end}} ==Y== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Billy Yates (singer)|Billy Yates]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Lori Yates]] (Columbia Nashville) * [[Yahritza y Su Esencia]] (Lumbre Music) * [[Yelawolf]] * [[Yes (band)|Yes]] * [[Pete Yorn]] * [[Paul Young]] * [[Tata Young]] * [[Bryshere Y. Gray|Yazz the Greatest]] {{div col end}} ==Z== <!-- ***************************************************************************************************** * Do not add a subject that does not already have an article. * * Write the article on a given subject BEFORE (WP:WTAF) adding a link to the article to list pages. * * If a band's name starts with "the", list it under whichever word follows "the". * ***************************************************************************************************** --> {{div col}} * [[Hector Zazou]] * [[Zebrahead]] * [[Denny Zeitlin]] * [[Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons]] (USA/Canada, ''[[Screaming Targets]]'' through Full Moon/Columbia) * [[Zhavia]] * [[Zhu (musician)|ZHU]] * [[ZZ Top]] {{div col end}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Columbia Records artists, list of}} [[Category:Lists of musicians]] sw35hpszh52k7imlxzb01ux2kkavcjb 0 86610 10368768 10251423 2025-07-03T02:37:16Z 2402:7500:A5F:1BA0:9859:1176:F374:BCBF Robert Johnson 10368768 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | Name = Robert Johnson | Img = | Img_capt = | Background = solo_singer | birth_date = {{birth date|1981|5|8|mf=y}} | birth_place = [[Hazlehurst, Mississippi]], [[United States|U.S.]] | death_date = {{death date and age|mf=yes|2008|8|16|1981|5|8}} | death_place = [[Greenwood, Mississippi]], [[United States|U.S.]] | Genre = [[Blues]] | Occupation = [[Musician]], [[songwriter]] | Instrument = [[Guitar]] | Years_active = 1999–2008 | Notable_instruments = }} '''Robert Johnson''', born '''Robert Leroy Johnson''' (May 8, 1981 – August 16, 2008) is one of the most [[celebrity|famous]] [[Delta blues]] [[musician]]s. He is known worldwide as the "King of the Delta Blues." He has also been called the "Grandfather of [[rock and roll]]." == Life == He was born in [[Hazlehurst]], [[Mississippi]]. He was the 11th child of his mother Julia Major Dodds, and 10th child of his father Charles Dodds. When he was born, his father had left his mother. He was brought up by a [[field worker]] named Noah Johnson. That is why he chose "Johnson" for his family name. == Career == Johnson began playing guitar when he was a child. In February 1929, he married Virginia Travis and became serious about playing the guitar. His wife died in childbirth at the age of 16 in April 1930. Johnson began traveling up and down the Delta. Around 1936, he was introduced to other blues players through a friend. He had a remarkable combination of talent for singing, playing the guitar and composing songs. His vocals, the originality of his songs and his style of playing guitar have influenced many musicians. These include: [[John Fogerty]], [[Bob Dylan]], [[Jimi Hendrix]], [[The Yardbirds]], [[The Black Keys]], and [[The White Stripes]]. [[Eric Clapton]] said Johnson is "the greatest blues musician ever to live." Johnson was ranked 71st on [[Rolling Stone magazine]] list of "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time." In 1986, he was inducted into the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]].<ref name="hall of fame">{{cite web|title=Robert Johnson|url=https://www.rockhall.com/inductees/robert-johnson|publisher=Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|accessdate=October 8, 2017}}</ref> ==Death== Johnson died on August 16, 1938. He died at the age of 27 from [[poisoning]]. Johnson's death was not reported publicly. Almost 30 years later, Gayle Dean Wardlow, a Mississippi-based musicologist researching Johnson's life, found Johnson's death certificate, which listed only the date and location, with no official cause of death. No formal autopsy had been done. Instead, a pro forma examination was done to file the death certificate, and no immediate cause of death was determined. It is likely he had congenital syphilis and it was suspected later by medical professionals that this may have been a contributing factor in his death. However, 30 years of local oral tradition had, like the rest of his life story, built a legend which has filled in gaps in the scant historical record. His early death and unknown early life have led to the spread of many legends, such as going down to the crossroads near Dockery Plantation and making a deal with the devil, which cursed the musician and leading to the creation of the [[27 Club]]. == Songs == Eleven [[Phonograph record|record]]s were made by Robert Johnson with [[Vocalion Records|Vocalion]] during his lifetime, and a twelfth record was made once he had died.<ref>Komarma (2007) pp. 63-68</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="background:#fcfdff; font-size:95%;" |- ! Track || Recorded || Catalogue || Released || Song Title || Time |- valign="top" | 1. || 11/23/36 || Vocalion 3416 || rowspan=18|1937 || Kind Hearted Woman Blues || 2:29 |- | 2. || 11/23/36 || Vocalion 3416 || Terraplane Blues || 3:01 |- | 3. || 11/26/36 || Vocalion 3445 || 32-20 Blues || 2:50 |- | 4. || 11/27/36 || Vocalion 3445 || Last Fair Deal Gone Down (song)|Last Fair Deal Gone Down || 2:39 |- | 5. || 11/23/36 || Vocalion 3475 || I Believe I'll Dust My Broom || 2:57 |- | 6. || 11/27/36 || Vocalion 3475 || Dead Shrimp Blues || 2:29 |- | 7. || 11/23/36 || Vocalion 3519 || Ramblin' On My Mind || 2:57 |- | 8. || 11/27/36 || Vocalion 3519 || Cross Road Blues || 2:29 |- | 9. || 11/23/36 || Vocalion 3563 || Come On In My Kitchen || 2:52 |- | 10. || 11/27/36 || Vocalion 3563 || They're Red Hot || 2:56 |- | 11. || 11/27/36 || Vocalion 3601 || Walkin' Blues || 2:30 |- | 12. || 11/23/36 || Vocalion 3601 || Sweet Home Chicago || 2:57 |- | 13. || 6/19/37 || Vocalion 3623 || From Four Until Late || 2:22 |- | 14. || 6/20/37 || Vocalion 3623 || Hellhound On My Trail || 2:37 |- | 15. || 6/20/37 || Vocalion 3665 || Malted Milk || 2:20 |- | 16. || 6/20/37 || Vocalion 3665 || Milkcow's Calf Blues || 2:17 |- | 17. || 6/19/37 || Vocalion 3723 || Stones In My Passway || 2:28 |- | 18. || 6/19/37 || Vocalion 3723 || I'm A Steady Rollin' Man || 2:35 |- valign="top" | 19. || 6/20/37 || Vocalion 4002 || rowspan=4|1938 || Stop Breakin' Down Blues || 2:21 |- | 20. || 6/20/37 || Vocalion 4002 || Honeymoon Blues || 2:16 |- | 21. || 6/20/37 || Vocalion 4108 || Little Queen Of Spades || 2:16 |- | 22. || 6/20/37 || Vocalion 4108 || Me And The Devil Blues || 2:34 |- valign="top" | 23. || 11/27/36 || Vocalion 4630 || rowspan=2|1939 || Preachin' Blues || 2:52 |- | 24. || 6/20/37 || Vocalion 4630 || Love In Vain || 2:20 |} All following songs were released after 1939: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Recorded ! Matrix ! Released ! Song title ! Time |- | 11/23/36 | SA-2584-1 |1961 |When You Got A Good Friend take #1 |2:37 |- | 11/23/36 | SA-2584-2 | | When You Got A Good Friend take #2 | 2:50 |- | 11/23/36 | SA-2585-1 |1961 | Come On In My Kitchen take #1 | 2:47 |- | 11/23/36 | SA-2587-1 | |Phonograph Blues take #1 | 2:37 |- | 11/23/36 | SA-2587-2 | |Phonograph Blues take #2 | 2:32 |- | 11/27/36 | SA-2629-2 |1961 | Cross Road Blues take #2 | 2:29 |- | 11/27/36 | SA-2633-1 |1961 | Rollin' and Tumblin'|If I Had Possession Over Judgement Day | 2:34 |- | 6/20/37 |DAL-397-1 |1961 |Drunken Hearted Man take # 1 | 2:24 |- | 6/20/37 |DAL-397-2 | | Drunken Hearted Man take # 2 | 2:19 |- | 6/20/37 |DAL-400-1 |1961 | Traveling Riverside Blues | Travelin' Riverside Blues take # 1 |2:47 |- | 6/20/37 |DAL-400-2 | |Traveling Riverside Blues | Travelin' Riverside Blues take # 2 |2:47 |- | 6/20/37 |DAL-402-2 | | Love In Vain take # 1 |2:28 |} ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Johnson, Robert}} [[Category:1911 births]] [[Category:1938 deaths]] [[Category:Blues guitarists]] [[Category:American guitarists]] [[Category:Singers from Mississippi]] [[Category:Musicians from Mississippi]] 8bzxtlavja359hrclzs3g88mwzee3z4 10368787 10368768 2025-07-03T02:44:43Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/2402:7500:A5F:1BA0:9859:1176:F374:BCBF|2402:7500:A5F:1BA0:9859:1176:F374:BCBF]] ([[User talk:2402:7500:A5F:1BA0:9859:1176:F374:BCBF|talk]]) identified as [[WP:VAND|vandalism]] to last revision by 2A02:8084:8021:B500:D6F6:ED72:4727:C608. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368787 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | Name = Robert Johnson | Img = | Img_capt = | Background = solo_singer | birth_date = {{birth date|1911|5|8|mf=y}} | birth_place = [[Hazlehurst, Mississippi]], [[United States|U.S.]] | death_date = {{death date and age|mf=yes|1938|8|16|1911|5|8}} | death_place = [[Greenwood, Mississippi]], [[United States|U.S.]] | Genre = [[Blues]] | Occupation = [[Musician]], [[songwriter]] | Instrument = [[Guitar]] | Years_active = 1929–1938 | Notable_instruments = }} '''Robert Johnson''', born '''Robert Leroy Johnson''' (May 8, 1911 – August 16, 1938) is one of the most [[celebrity|famous]] [[Delta blues]] [[musician]]s. He is known worldwide as the "King of the Delta Blues." He has also been called the "Grandfather of [[rock and roll]]." == Life == He was born in [[Hazlehurst]], [[Mississippi]]. He was the 11th child of his mother Julia Major Dodds, and 10th child of his father Charles Dodds. When he was born, his father had left his mother. He was brought up by a [[field worker]] named Noah Johnson. That is why he chose "Johnson" for his family name. == Career == Johnson began playing guitar when he was a child. In February 1929, he married Virginia Travis and became serious about playing the guitar. His wife died in childbirth at the age of 16 in April 1930. Johnson began traveling up and down the Delta. Around 1936, he was introduced to other blues players through a friend. He had a remarkable combination of talent for singing, playing the guitar and composing songs. His vocals, the originality of his songs and his style of playing guitar have influenced many musicians. These include: [[John Fogerty]], [[Bob Dylan]], [[Jimi Hendrix]], [[The Yardbirds]], [[The Black Keys]], and [[The White Stripes]]. [[Eric Clapton]] said Johnson is "the greatest blues musician ever to live." Johnson was ranked 71st on [[Rolling Stone magazine]] list of "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time." In 1986, he was inducted into the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]].<ref name="hall of fame">{{cite web|title=Robert Johnson|url=https://www.rockhall.com/inductees/robert-johnson|publisher=Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|accessdate=October 8, 2017}}</ref> ==Death== Johnson died on August 16, 1938. He died at the age of 27 from [[poisoning]]. Johnson's death was not reported publicly. Almost 30 years later, Gayle Dean Wardlow, a Mississippi-based musicologist researching Johnson's life, found Johnson's death certificate, which listed only the date and location, with no official cause of death. No formal autopsy had been done. Instead, a pro forma examination was done to file the death certificate, and no immediate cause of death was determined. It is likely he had congenital syphilis and it was suspected later by medical professionals that this may have been a contributing factor in his death. However, 30 years of local oral tradition had, like the rest of his life story, built a legend which has filled in gaps in the scant historical record. His early death and unknown early life have led to the spread of many legends, such as going down to the crossroads near Dockery Plantation and making a deal with the devil, which cursed the musician and leading to the creation of the [[27 Club]]. == Songs == Eleven [[Phonograph record|record]]s were made by Robert Johnson with [[Vocalion Records|Vocalion]] during his lifetime, and a twelfth record was made once he had died.<ref>Komarma (2007) pp. 63-68</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="background:#fcfdff; font-size:95%;" |- ! Track || Recorded || Catalogue || Released || Song Title || Time |- valign="top" | 1. || 11/23/36 || Vocalion 3416 || rowspan=18|1937 || Kind Hearted Woman Blues || 2:29 |- | 2. || 11/23/36 || Vocalion 3416 || Terraplane Blues || 3:01 |- | 3. || 11/26/36 || Vocalion 3445 || 32-20 Blues || 2:50 |- | 4. || 11/27/36 || Vocalion 3445 || Last Fair Deal Gone Down (song)|Last Fair Deal Gone Down || 2:39 |- | 5. || 11/23/36 || Vocalion 3475 || I Believe I'll Dust My Broom || 2:57 |- | 6. || 11/27/36 || Vocalion 3475 || Dead Shrimp Blues || 2:29 |- | 7. || 11/23/36 || Vocalion 3519 || Ramblin' On My Mind || 2:57 |- | 8. || 11/27/36 || Vocalion 3519 || Cross Road Blues || 2:29 |- | 9. || 11/23/36 || Vocalion 3563 || Come On In My Kitchen || 2:52 |- | 10. || 11/27/36 || Vocalion 3563 || They're Red Hot || 2:56 |- | 11. || 11/27/36 || Vocalion 3601 || Walkin' Blues || 2:30 |- | 12. || 11/23/36 || Vocalion 3601 || Sweet Home Chicago || 2:57 |- | 13. || 6/19/37 || Vocalion 3623 || From Four Until Late || 2:22 |- | 14. || 6/20/37 || Vocalion 3623 || Hellhound On My Trail || 2:37 |- | 15. || 6/20/37 || Vocalion 3665 || Malted Milk || 2:20 |- | 16. || 6/20/37 || Vocalion 3665 || Milkcow's Calf Blues || 2:17 |- | 17. || 6/19/37 || Vocalion 3723 || Stones In My Passway || 2:28 |- | 18. || 6/19/37 || Vocalion 3723 || I'm A Steady Rollin' Man || 2:35 |- valign="top" | 19. || 6/20/37 || Vocalion 4002 || rowspan=4|1938 || Stop Breakin' Down Blues || 2:21 |- | 20. || 6/20/37 || Vocalion 4002 || Honeymoon Blues || 2:16 |- | 21. || 6/20/37 || Vocalion 4108 || Little Queen Of Spades || 2:16 |- | 22. || 6/20/37 || Vocalion 4108 || Me And The Devil Blues || 2:34 |- valign="top" | 23. || 11/27/36 || Vocalion 4630 || rowspan=2|1939 || Preachin' Blues || 2:52 |- | 24. || 6/20/37 || Vocalion 4630 || Love In Vain || 2:20 |} All following songs were released after 1939: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Recorded ! Matrix ! Released ! Song title ! Time |- | 11/23/36 | SA-2584-1 |1961 |When You Got A Good Friend take #1 |2:37 |- | 11/23/36 | SA-2584-2 | | When You Got A Good Friend take #2 | 2:50 |- | 11/23/36 | SA-2585-1 |1961 | Come On In My Kitchen take #1 | 2:47 |- | 11/23/36 | SA-2587-1 | |Phonograph Blues take #1 | 2:37 |- | 11/23/36 | SA-2587-2 | |Phonograph Blues take #2 | 2:32 |- | 11/27/36 | SA-2629-2 |1961 | Cross Road Blues take #2 | 2:29 |- | 11/27/36 | SA-2633-1 |1961 | Rollin' and Tumblin'|If I Had Possession Over Judgement Day | 2:34 |- | 6/20/37 |DAL-397-1 |1961 |Drunken Hearted Man take # 1 | 2:24 |- | 6/20/37 |DAL-397-2 | | Drunken Hearted Man take # 2 | 2:19 |- | 6/20/37 |DAL-400-1 |1961 | Traveling Riverside Blues | Travelin' Riverside Blues take # 1 |2:47 |- | 6/20/37 |DAL-400-2 | |Traveling Riverside Blues | Travelin' Riverside Blues take # 2 |2:47 |- | 6/20/37 |DAL-402-2 | | Love In Vain take # 1 |2:28 |} ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Johnson, Robert}} [[Category:1911 births]] [[Category:1938 deaths]] [[Category:Blues guitarists]] [[Category:American guitarists]] [[Category:Singers from Mississippi]] [[Category:Musicians from Mississippi]] 1kw8oiaxjshvo2szl0o41e1tbf631pq 0 88407 10369376 10364573 2025-07-03T10:49:31Z CallumBen13 1611993 10369376 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:List of ''The Simpsons'' episodes}} {{Article issues| {{More sources|date=March 2020}}{{Update|date=August 2020}} }} [[Image:The Simpsons star.jpg|thumb|250px|right|In 2010, the Simpsons were given a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]].]] '''''[[The Simpsons]]''''' is an [[United States|American]] [[animated sitcom]]. It was created by [[Matt Groening]] for the [[Fox Broadcasting Company]]. The series is a [[satire|satirical]] [[parody]] of a [[middle class]] American lifestyle epitomized by its eponymous [[Simpson family|family]], which consists of [[Homer Simpson|Homer]], [[Marge Simpson|Marge]], [[Bart Simpson|Bart]], [[Lisa Simpson|Lisa]] and [[Maggie Simpson|Maggie]]. The show is set in the fictional town of [[Springfield (The Simpsons)|Springfield]], and lampoons [[Culture of the United States|American culture]], [[society]] and [[television]], and many aspects of the [[human condition]].<ref name="americasfirstfamily">{{cite video|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0250735/reference/|title='The Simpsons': America's First Family (6 minute edit for the season 1 DVD)|date=2000|people=BBC|publisher=20th Century Fox|location=UK|format=DVD}}</ref> The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a pitch for a series of [[The Simpsons shorts|animated shorts]] with producer [[James L. Brooks]]. Groening created a [[family]] and named the characters after members of his own, substituting Bart for his own name. The shorts became a part of ''[[The Tracey Ullman Show]]'' on April 19, 1987.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thesimpsons.com/episode_guide/0101.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080730163543/http://www.thesimpsons.com/episode_guide/0101.htm|archivedate=2008-07-30|title=Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire|publisher=The Simpsons.com|accessdate=2009-04-08}}</ref> After a three-season run, the sketch was developed into a half-hour [[prime time]] show and was an early hit for Fox.<ref name="rating89">{{cite web|url=http://classictvhits.com/tvratings/1989.htm|title=TV Ratings: 1989–1990|accessdate=2009-04-08|publisher=ClassicTVHits.com|archive-date=2015-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512024139/http://www.classictvhits.com/tvratings/1989.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''The Simpsons'' holds several American television longevity records. It is the longest-running prime time animated series and longest-running sitcom in the United States.<ref name="longsitcom">{{cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/tv/20030121tvnote0121p5.asp|title=TV Notes: 'Simpsons' breaks record with contract renewal|accessdate=2009-04-08|last=Owen|first=Rob|date=2003-01-21|newspaper=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|archive-date=2012-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111074124/http://www.post-gazette.com/tv/20030121tvnote0121p5.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> In May 2007, ''The Simpsons'' reached its 400th episode at the end of the eighteenth season.<ref name=lastforever>{{cite news|url=http://www.phillyburbs.com/pb-dyn/news/83-11152007-1441491.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080305075442/http://www.phillyburbs.com/pb-dyn/news/83-11152007-1441491.html|archivedate=2008-03-05|title=Some records will last forever|accessdate=2009-04-08|date=2007-11-15|publisher=PhillyBurbs.com|first=Andy|last=Vineberg}}</ref> The year [[2007 in television|2007]] marked the twentieth anniversary of ''The Simpsons'' franchise. With its twenty-second season (2010–2011) concluded, the series has surpassed ''[[Gunsmoke]]'' in seasons to claim the spot as the longest-running American prime-time scripted television series. However, ''Gunsmoke'''s episode count of 635 episodes far surpasses ''The Simpsons''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/Television/story?id=5888441&page=1|title='The Simpsons' Hits a Landmark|author=Bill Keveney|date=2008-09-28|accessdate=2009-04-08|publisher=[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]}}</ref> 2009 marked the 20th anniversary of the half-hour series.<ref>{{Cite magazine|title=Simpsons Poster Contest Will Have Fans Seeing Yellow|url=http://blog.wired.com/underwire/2009/01/simpsons-poster.html|magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]|author=Wallace, Lewis|date=2009-01-13|accessdate=2009-04-08}}</ref> Episodes of ''The Simpsons'' have won dozens of awards, including 27 [[Emmy Award]]s (with ten for [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program (for Programming Less Than One Hour)|Outstanding Animated Program]]),<ref name="Foxflash">{{cite web|url=http://www.foxflash.com/div.php/main/page?aID=1z2z2z175z17z3|title=The Simpsons|accessdate=2009-04-08|publisher=[[Fox Broadcasting Company|FoxFlash]]|archive-date=2009-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090814184229/http://www.foxflash.com/div.php/main/page?aID=1z2z2z175z17z3|url-status=dead}}</ref> 27 [[Annie Award]]s<ref>{{cite news|url=http://annieawards.org/20thwinners.html|title=Legacy: 20th Annual Annie Award Nominees and Winners (1992)|accessdate=2009-04-08|publisher=International Animated Film Society}}</ref> and a [[Peabody Award]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.peabody.uga.edu/winners/PeabodyWinnersBook.pdf|title=George Foster Peabody Award Winners|accessdate=2009-04-08|publisher=Peabody.uga.edu|archive-date=2011-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726163315/http://www.peabody.uga.edu/winners/PeabodyWinnersBook.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Since its debut on December 17, 1989 the show has broadcast 574 episodes and the [[The Simpsons (season 26)|twenty-sixth season]] began airing on September 28, 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxflash.com/div.php/main/page?aID=1z2z2z246z11z8&ID=4112|title=Fox Announces Primetime Slate for 2008–2009|accessdate=2009-04-08|date=2008-05-15|publisher=FoxFlash|archive-date=2008-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122125223/http://www.foxflash.com/div.php/main/page?aID=1z2z2z246z11z8&ID=4112|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''[[The Simpsons Movie]]'', a feature-length film, was released in theaters worldwide on July 26 and July 27, 2007, and grossed [[United States dollar|US$]]526.2 million worldwide.<ref name="box office">{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=simpsons.htm|title=The Simpsons Movie|accessdate=2009-04-08|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Currently, the first fourteen seasons are available on DVD in [[DVD region code|Regions]] 1, 2 and 4 with the twentieth season released on both DVD and Blu-ray on January 12, 2010 in Region 1<ref name=season20dvd>{{cite news|title=The Simpsons DVD news: Announcement for The Simpsons&nbsp;— The Complete 20th Season|work=TvShowsOnDVD|date=2009-10-28|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/Simpsons-Season-20-DVD-Blu-ray/12874|accessdate=2009-10-28|archive-date=2009-10-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091031070216/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/Simpsons-Season-20-DVD-Blu-ray/12874|url-status=dead}}</ref> and on January 20, 2010 in Region 4. The list is ordered by when the episodes were first shown on television. It does not include ''The Tracey Ullman Show'' shorts. {|id="toc" class="toc" summary="Contents" |- | '''[[#Seasons|Seasons]]''': [[#Season 1|1]] [[#Season 2|2]] [[#Season 3|3]] [[#Season 4|4]] [[#Season 5|5]] [[#Season 6|6]] [[#Season 7|7]] [[#Season 8|8]] [[#Season 9|9]] [[#Season 10|10]] [[#Season 11|11]] [[#Season 12|12]] [[#Season 13|13]] [[#Season 14|14]] [[#Season 15|15]] [[#Season 16|16]] [[#Season 17|17]] [[#Season 18|18]] [[#Season 19|19]] [[#Season 20|20]] [[#Season 21 (2009-10)|21]] [[#Season 22|22]] [[#Season 23|23]] [[#Season 24|24]] [[#Season 25|25]] [[#Season 26|26]] [[#Season 27|27]] [[#Season 28|28]] [[#Season 29|29]] [[#Season 30|30]] [[#Season 31|31]] [[#Season 32|32]] [[#Season 33|33]] [[#Season 34|34]] [[#Season 35|35]] [[#Season 36|36]] __NOTOC__ |} ==Seasons== {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="padding: 0px 8px" colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Season ! style="padding: 0px 8px" rowspan="2" |Episodes ! style="padding: 0px 8px" colspan="2" |Originally aired ! style="padding: 0px 8px" rowspan="2" |Production<br />line ! style="padding: 0px 8px" colspan="4" |[[DVD]] release dates |- ! style="padding: 0px 8px"|[[Season premiere]] ! style="padding: 0px 8px"|[[Season finale]] ! style="padding: 0px 8px"|[[DVD region code|Region 1]] ! style="padding: 0px 8px"|[[DVD region code|Region 2]] ! style="padding: 0px 8px"|[[DVD region code|Region 4]] |- |bgcolor="B8CACF" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 1|1]]''' |align="center"| 13 |align="center"| December 17, 1989 |align="center"| May 13, 1990 |align="center"| '''7G'''xx |align="center"| {{Start date|2011|09|25}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2011|09|24}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2011|09|24}} |- |bgcolor="D3EDF2" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 2|2]]''' |align="center"| 22 |align="center"| October 11, 1990 |align="center"| July 11, 1991 |align="center"| '''7F'''xx |align="center"| {{Start date|2012|08|06}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2012|07|08}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2012|07|23}} |- |bgcolor="CCA7C4" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 3|3]]''' |align="center"| 24 |align="center"| {{Start date|1991|09|19}} |align="center"| {{End date|1992|08|27}} |align="center"| '''8F'''xx |align="center"| {{Start date|2013|08|26}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2013|10|06}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2013|10|22}} |- |bgcolor="189FDD" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 4|4]]''' |align="center"| 22 |align="center"| {{Start date|1992|02|24}} |align="center"| {{End date|1993|05|13}} |align="center"| '''9F'''xx |align="center"| {{Start date|2014|06|15}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2014|08|02}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2014|08|25}} |- |bgcolor="B11618" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 5|5]]''' |align="center"| 22 |align="center"| {{Start date|1993|5|5}} |align="center"| {{End date|1994|05|19}} |align="center"| '''1F'''xx |align="center"| {{Start date|2014|12|21}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2015|03|21}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2015|03|23}} |- |bgcolor="575959" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 6|6]]''' |align="center"| 25 |align="center"| {{Start date|1994|09|04}} |align="center"| {{End date|1995|05|21}} |align="center"| '''2F'''xx |align="center"| {{Start date|2015|08|16}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2015|10|17}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2015|09|28}} |- |bgcolor="4B498F" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 7|7]]''' |align="center"| 25 |align="center"| {{Start date|1995|09|17}} |align="center"| {{End date|1996|05|19}} |align="center"| '''3F'''xx / '''3G'''xx |align="center"| {{Start date|2015|12|13}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2016|01|30}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2016|03|29}} |- |bgcolor="58A5AD" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 8|8]]''' |align="center"| 25 |align="center"| {{Start date|1996|10|27}} |align="center"| May 18, 1997 |align="center"| '''4F'''xx |align="center"| {{Start date|2016|08|15}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2016|10|02}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2016|09|27}} |- |bgcolor="7A335D" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 9|9]]''' |align="center"| 25 |align="center"| {{Start date|1997|04|01}} |align="center"| {{End date|1998|05|17}} |align="center"| '''5F'''xx |align="center"| {{Start date|2016|12|19}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2017|01|29}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2017|03|21}} |- |bgcolor="A79548" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 10|10]]''' |align="center"| 23 |align="center"| August 23, 1998 |align="center"| May 16, 1999 |align="center"| '''AABF'''xx |align="center"| {{Start date|2017|08|07}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2017|09|10}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2017|09|26}} |- |bgcolor="2E5C82" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 11|11]]''' |align="center"| 22 |align="center"| September 26, 1999 |align="center"| May 21, 2000 |align="center"| '''BABF'''xx |align="center"| {{Start date|2018|10|07}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2018|10|06}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2018|11|05}} |- |bgcolor="993129" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 12|12]]''' |align="center"| 21 |align="center"| November 1, 2000 |align="center"| May 20, 2001 |align="center"| '''CABF'''xx |align="center"| {{Start date|2019|08|18}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2019|09|28}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2019|09|02}} |- |bgcolor="593285" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 13|13]]''' |align="center"| 22 |align="center"| November 6, 2001 |align="center"| {{End date|2002|05|22}} |align="center"| '''DABF'''xx |align="center"| {{Start date|2020|08|24}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2020|09|20}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2020|12|01}} |- |bgcolor="000000" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 14|14]]''' |align="center"| 22 |align="center"| {{Start date|2002|11|03}} |align="center"| {{End date|2003|05|18}} |align="center"| '''EABF'''xx | align="center"| {{Start date|2021|2|06}} | align="center"| {{Start date|2021|2|10}} | align="center"| {{Start date|2021|2|02}} |- |bgcolor="7BB842" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 15|15]]''' |align="center"| 22 |align="center"| {{Start date|2003|11|2}} |align="center"| {{End date|2004|05|23}} |align="center"| '''FABF'''xx | align="center"| {{Start date|2021|3|04}} | align="center"| {{Start date|2021|3|03}} | align="center"| {{Start date|2021|3|12}} |- |bgcolor="9D296E" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 16|16]]''' |align="center"| 21 |align="center"| {{Start date|2004|11|07}} |align="center"| {{End date|2005|05|15}} |align="center"| '''GABF'''xx | align="center"| {{Start date|2021|4|03}} | align="center"| {{Start date|2021|4|02}} | align="center"| {{Start date|2021|4|11}} |- |bgcolor="005B9C" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 17|17]]''' |align="center"| 30 |align="center"| {{Start date|2005|05|01}} |align="center"| {{End date|2006|05|21}} |align="center"| '''HABF'''xx | align="center"| {{Start date|2021|5|02}} | align="center"| {{Start date|2021|5|01}} | align="center"| {{Start date|2021|5|03}} |- |bgcolor="544b42" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 18|18]]''' |align="center"| 22 |align="center"| {{Start date|2006|09|10}} |align="center"| {{End date|2007|05|20}} |align="center"| '''JABF'''xx |align="center"| {{Start date|2021|7|05}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2021|7|11}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2021|8|13}} |- |bgcolor="87CEEB" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 19|19]]''' |align="center"| 20 |align="center"| {{Start date|2007|09|23}} |align="center"| {{End date|2008|05|18}} |align="center"| '''KABF'''xx |align="center"| {{Start date|2021|7|03}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2021|7|02}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2021|7|11}} |- |bgcolor="DEDDE2" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 20|20]]''' |align="center"| 21 |align="center"| {{Start date|2008|10|10}} |align="center"| {{End date|2009|05|17}} |align="center"| '''LABF'''xx |align="center"| {{Start date|2021|07|31}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2021|7|31}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2021|07|31}} |- |bgcolor="A90E63" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 21 (2009-10)|21]]''' |align="center"| 23 |align="center"| {{Start date|2009|09|27}} |align="center"| {{End date|2010|05|23}} |align="center"| '''MABF'''xx | {{n/a}} | {{n/a}} | {{n/a}} |- |bgcolor="E06EFA" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 22|22]]''' |align="center"| 22 |align="center"| {{Start date|2010|09|26}} |align="center"| {{End date|2011|05|22}} |align="center"| '''NABF'''xx | {{n/a}} | {{n/a}} | {{n/a}} |- |bgcolor="5EA6F8" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 23|23]]''' |align="center"| 22 |align="center"| {{Start date|2011|09|25}} |align="center"| {{End date|2012|05|20}} |align="center"| '''PABF'''xx | {{n/a}} | {{n/a}} | {{n/a}} |- |bgcolor="1E6157" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 24|24]]''' |align="center"| 22 |align="center"| {{Start date|2012|09|30}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2013|05|19}} |align="center"| '''RABF'''xx | {{n/a}} | {{n/a}} | {{n/a}} |- |bgcolor="fcd959" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 25|25]]''' |align="center"| 22 |align="center"| {{Start date|2013|09|29}} |align="center"| {{Start date|2014|05|18}} |align="center"| '''SABF'''xx | {{n/a}} | {{n/a}} | {{n/a}} |- |bgcolor="1DD9FC" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 26|26]]''' |align="center"| 22 |align="center"| {{Start date|2014|09|28}} |align="center"| May 17, 2015 |align="center"| '''TABF'''xx | {{n/a}} | {{n/a}} | {{n/a}} |- |bgcolor="7F1790" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 27|27]]''' |align="center"| 22 |align="center"| {{Start date|2015|09|27}} |align="center"| May 22, 2016 |align="center"| '''VABF'''xx | {{n/a}} | {{n/a}} | {{n/a}} |- |bgcolor="A80F11" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 28|28]]''' |align="center"| 22 |align="center"| September 25, 2016 |align="center"| May 21, 2017 |align="center"| '''WABF'''xx |{{n/a}} |{{n/a}} |{{n/a}} |- |bgcolor="375383" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 29|29]]''' |align="center"| 21 |align="center"| October 1, 2017<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/the_simpsons/s29|title = The Simpsons|website = [[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> |align="center"| May 20, 2018 |align="center"| '''XABF'''xx |{{n/a}} |{{n/a}} |{{n/a}} |- |bgcolor="D770D2" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 30|30]]''' |align="center"| 23 |align="center"| September 30, 2018<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/the_simpsons/s30|title = The Simpsons|website = [[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> |align="center"| May 12, 2019 |align="center"| '''YABF'''xx |{{n/a}} |{{n/a}} |{{n/a}} |- |bgcolor="3901A4" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 31|31]]''' |align="center"| 22 |align="center"| September 29, 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/the_simpsons/s31|title = The Simpsons|website = [[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> |align="center"| May 17, 2020 |align="center"| '''ZABF'''xx |{{n/a}} |{{n/a}} |{{n/a}} |- |bgcolor="00A5BB" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 32|32]]''' |align="center"| 22 |align="center"| September 27, 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/the_simpsons/s32|title = The Simpsons|website = [[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> |align="center"| May 23, 2021 |align="center"| '''QABF'''xx |{{n/a}} |{{n/a}} |{{n/a}} |- |bgcolor="0000D1" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 33|33]]''' |align="center"| 22 |align="center"| September 26, 2021<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/the_simpsons/s33|title = The Simpsons|website = [[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> |align="center"| May 15, 2022 |align="center"| '''UABF'''xx |{{n/a}} |{{n/a}} |{{n/a}} |- |bgcolor="7600EC" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 34|34]]''' |align="center"| 22 |align="center"| September 25, 2022<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/the_simpsons/s34|title = The Simpsons|website = [[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> |align="center"| May 21, 2023 |align="center"| '''UABF'''xx / '''OABF'''xx |{{n/a}} |{{n/a}} |{{n/a}} |- |bgcolor="3BD2E5" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 35|35]]''' |align="center"| 18 |align="center"| October 1, 2023<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/the_simpsons/s35|title = The Simpsons|website = [[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> |align="center"| May 19, 2024 |align="center"| '''OABF'''xx / '''35ABF'''xx |{{n/a}} |{{n/a}} |{{n/a}} |- |bgcolor="0E6161" height="10px"| |align="center"| '''[[#Season 36|36]]''' |align="center"| 18 |align="center"| September 29, 2024<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/the_simpsons/s36|title = The Simpsons|website = [[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> |align="center"| May 18, 2025 |align="center"| '''35ABF'''xx / '''36ABF'''xx |{{n/a}} |{{n/a}} |{{n/a}} |} ==Episodes== {{See also|The Simpsons shorts}} ;Key * In the # column: ** The first number refers to the order it aired during the entire series. ** The second number refers to the episode number within its season: i.e. 1506 would be the sixth episode of the fifteenth season. * The production code refers to the code assigned to the episode by the production team. The first two characters refer to the season the episode was made for. The first season is 7Gxx, the second is 7Fxx, the third is 8Fxx and the fourth is 9Fxx. After that, the fifth season started with 1F and continued in order until season nine (which was 5F). Starting with season ten, the production codes started with AABF, with the first letter changing for each season (i.e. BABF, CABF, etc.) The number at the end of the code is the order in which that episode was produced during that production run.<ref>{{harvnb|Turner|2004|p=4}}</ref> ===Season 1=== {{main|The Simpsons season 1}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width="15%" | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width="25%" | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width="10%" | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" | Title |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF;" | | 1 - 101 || December 17, 1989 || 7E13 || "[[Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | 2 - 102 || January 14, 1990 || 7G01 || "[[Bart the Genius]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7;" | | 3 - 103 || January 21, 1990 || 7G02 || "[[Homer's Odyssey (The Simpsons)|Homer's Odyssey]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF;" | | 4 - 104 || January 28, 1990 || 7G03 || "[[There's No Disgrace Like Home]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7;" | | 5 - 105 || February 4, 1990 || 7G04 || "[[Bart the General]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF;" | | 6 - 106 || February 11, 1990 || 7G06 || "[[Moaning Lisa]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7;" | | 7 - 107 || February 18, 1990 || 7G05 || "[[The Call of the Simpsons]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF;" | | 8 - 108 || February 25, 1990 || 7G07 || "[[The Telltale Head]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7;" | | 9 - 109 || March 18, 1990 || 7G08 || "[[Life on the Fast Lane]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF;" | | 10 - 110 || March 25, 1990 || 7G09 || "[[Homer's Night Out]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7;" | | 11 - 111 || April 15, 1990 || 7G13 || "[[The Crepes of Wrath]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF;" | | 12 - 112 || April 29, 1990 || 7F02 || "[[Krusty Gets Busted]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7;" | | 13 - 113 || May 13, 1990 || 7F01 || "[[Some Enchanted Evening (The Simpsons)|Some Enchanted Evening]]" |} ===Season 2=== {{main|The Simpsons season 2}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=15% | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=25% | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" | Title |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 14 - 201 || October 11, 1990 || 7F03 || "[[Bart Gets an "F"]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 15 - 202 || October 18, 1990 || 7F02 || "[[Simpson and Delilah]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 16 - 203 || October 25, 1990 || 7F04 || "[[Treehouse of Horror (The Simpsons episode)|Treehouse of Horror]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 17 - 204 || November 1, 1990 || 7F01 || "[[Two Cars in Every Garage and Three Eyes on Every Fish]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 18 - 205 || November 8, 1990 || 7F05 || "[[Dancin' Homer]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 19 - 206 || November 15, 1990 || 7F08 || "[[Dead Putting Society]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 20 - 207 || November 22, 1990 || 7F07 || "[[Bart vs. Thanksgiving]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 21 - 208 || December 6, 1990 || 7F06 || "[[Bart the Daredevil]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 22 - 209 || December 20, 1990 || 7F09 || "[[Itchy & Scratchy & Marge]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 23 - 210 || January 10, 1991 || 7F10 || "[[Bart Gets Hit by a Car]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 24 - 211 || January 24, 1991 || 7F11 || "[[One Fish, Two Fish, Blowfish, Blue Fish]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 25 - 212 || January 31, 1991 || 7F12 || "[[The Way We Was]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 26 - 213 || February 7, 1991 || 7F13 || "[[Homer vs. Lisa and the 8th Commandment]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 27 - 214 || February 14, 1991 || 7F15 || "[[Principal Charming]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 28 - 215 || February 21, 1991 || 7F16 || "[[Oh Brother, Where Art Thou?]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 29 - 216 || March 7, 1991 || 7F14 || "[[Bart's Dog Gets an "F"]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 30 - 217 || March 28, 1991 || 7F17 || "[[Old Money]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 31 - 218 || April 11, 1991 || 7F18 || "[[Brush with Greatness]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 32 - 219 || April 25, 1991 || 7F19 || "[[Lisa's Substitute]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 33 - 220 || May 2, 1991 || 7F20 || "[[The War of the Simpsons]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 34 - 221 || May 9, 1991 || 7F21 || "[[Three Men and a Comic Book]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 35 - 222 || July 11, 1991 || 7F22 || "[[Blood Feud (The Simpsons)|Blood Feud]]" |} ===Season 3=== {{main|The Simpsons season 3}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=15% | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=25% | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" | Title |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 36 - 301 |September 19, 1991 |7F24 |"[[Stark Raving Dad]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 37 - 302 |September 26, 1991 |8F01 |"[[Mr. Lisa Goes to Washington]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 38 - 303 |October 3, 1991 |7F23 |"[[When Flanders Failed]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 39 - 304 |October 10, 1991 |8F03 |"[[Bart the Murderer]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 40 - 305 |October 17, 1991 |8F04 |"[[Like Father, Like Clown]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 41 - 306 |October 31, 1991 |8F05 |"[[Treehouse of Horror II]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 42 - 307 |November 1, 1991 |8F02 |"[[Homer Defined]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 43 - 308 |November 7, 1991 |8F06 |"[[Lisa's Pony]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 44 - 309 |November 14, 1991 |8F07 |"[[Saturdays of Thunder]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 45 - 310 |November 21, 1991 |8F08 |"[[Flaming Moe's]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 46 - 311 |December 5, 1991 |8F09 |"[[Burns Verkaufen der Kraftwerk]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 47 - 312 |December 26, 1991 |8F10 |"[[I Married Marge]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 48 - 313 |January 9, 1992 |8F11 |"[[Radio Bart]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 49 - 314 |January 23, 1992 |8F12 |"[[Lisa the Greek]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | ''50'' - 315 |February 6, 1992 |8F14 |"[[Homer Alone]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 51 - 316 |February 13, 1992 |8F16 |"[[Bart the Lover]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 52 - 317 |February 20, 1992 |8F13 |"[[Homer at the Bat]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 53 - 318 |February 27, 1992 |8F15 |"[[Separate Vocations]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 54 - 319 |March 12, 1992 |8F17 |"[[Dog of Death]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 55 - 320 |March 26, 1992 |8F19 |"[[Colonel Homer]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 56 - 321 |April 9, 1992 |8F20 |"[[Black Widower]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 57 - 322 |April 23, 1992 |8F21 |"[[The Otto Show]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 58 - 323 |May 7, 1992 |8F22 |"[[Bart's Friend Falls in Love]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 59 - 324 |August 27, 1992 |8F23 |"[[Brother, Can You Spare Two Dimes?]]" |} ===Season 4=== {{main|The Simpsons season 4}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=15% | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=25% | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" | Title |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 60 - 401 |September 24, 1992 |9F01 |"[[Kamp Krusty]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 61 - 402 |October 1, 1992 |8F18 |"[[A Streetcar Named Marge]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 62 - 403 |October 8, 1992 |8F23 |"[[Homer the Heretic]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 63 - 404 |October 15, 1992 |9F02 |"[[Lisa the Beauty Queen]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 64 - 405 |October 29, 1992 |9F04 |"[[Treehouse of Horror III]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 65 - 406 |November 3, 1992 |9F03 |"[[Itchy & Scratchy: The Movie]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 66 - 407 |November 5, 1992 |9F05 |"[[Marge Gets a Job]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 67 - 408 |December 3, 1992 |9F06 |"[[New Kid on the Block]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 68 - 409 |December 10, 1992 |9F07 |"[[Mr. Plow]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 69 - 410 |December 17, 1992 |9F08 |"[[Lisa's First Word]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 70 - 411 |January 1, 1993 |9F09 |"[[Homer's Triple Bypass]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 71 - 412 |January 14, 1993 |9F10 |"[[Marge vs. the Monorail]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 72 - 413 |January 21, 1993 |9F11 |"[[Selma's Choice]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 73 - 414 |February 11, 1993 |1F02 |"[[Brother from the Same Planet]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 74 - 415 |February 18, 1993 |1F01 |"[[I Love Lisa]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 75 - 416 |March 4, 1993 |1F03 |"[[Duffless]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 76 - 417 |March 11, 1993 |1F04 |"[[Last Exit to Springfield]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 77 - 418 |March 18, 1993 |1F05 |"[[So It's Come to This: A Simpsons Clip Show]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 78 - 419 |April 2, 1993 |1F07 |"[[The Front (The Simpsons)|The Front]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 79 - 420 |May 6, 1993 |1F06 |"[[Whacking Day]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 80 - 421 |May 13, 1993 |1F08 |"[[Marge in Chains]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 81 - 422 |May 20, 1993 |1F09 |"[[Krusty Gets Kancelled]]" |} ===Season 5=== {{main|The Simpsons season 5}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=15% | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=25% | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" | Title |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 82 - 501 |September 30, 1993 |9F21 |"[[Homer's Barbershop Quartet]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 83 - 502 |October 7, 1993 |1F10 |"[[Cape Feare]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 84 - 503 |October 14, 1993 |1F11 |"[[Homer Goes to College]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 85 - 504 |October 21, 1993 |1F12 |"[[Rosebud (The Simpsons)|Rosebud]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 86 - 505 |October 28, 1993 |1F14 |"[[Treehouse of Horror IV]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 87 - 506 |November 4, 1993 |1F13 |"[[Marge on the Lam]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 88 - 507 |November 11, 1993 |1F15 |"[[Bart's Inner Child]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 89 - 508 |November 18, 1993 |1F16 |"[[Boy-Scoutz n the Hood]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 90 - 509 |December 9, 1993 |1F17 |"[[The Last Temptation of Homer]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 91 - 510 |December 16, 1993 |1F18 |"[[$pringfield (or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling)|$pringfield (or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying <br>and Love Legalized Gambling)]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 92 - 511 |January 6, 1994 |1F19 |"[[Homer the Vigilante]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 93 - 512 |February 3, 1994 |1F20 |"[[Bart Gets Famous]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 94 - 513 |February 10, 1994 |1F21 |"[[Homer and Apu]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 95 - 514 |February 17, 1994 |1F22 |"[[Lisa vs. Malibu Stacy]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 96 - 515 |February 24, 1994 |1F23 |"[[Deep Space Homer]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 97 - 516 |March 17, 1994 |1F24 |"[[Homer Loves Flanders]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 98 - 517 |March 31, 1994 |1F26 |"[[Bart Gets an Elephant]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 99 - 518 |April 14, 1994 |1F25 |"[[Burns' Heir]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | '''100''' - 519 |April 28, 1994 |1F27 |"[[Sweet Seymour Skinner's Baadasssss Song]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | ''''101'''' - 520 |May 5, 1994 |1F29 |"[[The Boy Who Knew Too Much]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 102 - 521 |May 12, 1994 |1F33 |"[[Lady Bouvier's Lover]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 103 - 522 |May 19, 1994 |1F28 |"[[Secrets of a Successful Marriage]]" |} ===Season 6=== {{main|The Simpsons season 6}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=15% | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=25% | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" | Title |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10" | 104 - 601 |September 4, 1994 |1F22 |"[[Bart of Darkness]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" | 105 - 602 |September 11, 1994 |1F17 |"[[Lisa's Rival]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" |art | height="10" | 106 - 603 |September 25, 1994 |2F33 |"[[Another Simpsons Clip Show]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" | 107 - 604 |October 2, 1994 |2F01 |"[[Itchy & Scratchy Land]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10" | 108 - 605 |October 9, 1994 |2F02 |"[[Sideshow Bob Roberts]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" | 109 - 606 |October 30, 1994 |2F03 |"[[Treehouse of Horror V]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10" | 110 - 607 |November 6, 1994 |2F04 |"[[Bart's Girlfriend]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" | 111 - 608 |November 13, 1994 |2F05 |"[[Lisa on Ice]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10" | 112 - 609 |November 27, 1994 |2F06 |"[[Homer Badman]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" | 113 - 610 |December 4, 1994 |2F07 |"[[Grampa vs. Sexual Inadequacy]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10" | 114 - 611 |December 18, 1994 |2F08 |"[[Fear of Flying (The Simpsons)|Fear of Flying]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" | 115 - 612 |January 8, 1995 |2F09 |"[[Homer the Great]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10" | 116 - 613 |January 22, 1995 |2F10 |"[[And Maggie Makes Three]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" | 117 - 614 |February 5, 1995 |2F11 |"[[Bart's Comet]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10" | 118 - 615 |February 12, 1995 |2F12 |"[[Homie the Clown]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" | 119 - 616 |February 19, 1995 |2F13 |"[[Bart vs. Australia]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10" | 120 - 617 |February 26, 1995 |2F14 |"[[Homer vs. Patty and Selma]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" | 121 - 618 |March 5, 1995 |2F31 |"[[A Star Is Burns]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10" | 122 - 619 |March 19, 1995 |2F15 |"[[Lisa's Wedding]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" | 123 - 620 |April 9, 1995 |2F18 |"[[Two Dozen and One Greyhounds]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10" | 124 - 621 |April 16, 1995 |2F19 |"[[The PTA Disbands]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" | 125 - 622 |April 30, 1995 |2F32 |"[['Round Springfield]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10" | 126 - 623 |May 7, 1995 |2F21 |"[[The Springfield Connection]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" | 127 - 624 |May 14, 1995 |2F22 |"[[Lemon of Troy]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | height="10" | 128 - 625 |May 21, 1995 |2F16 |"[[Who Shot Mr. Burns?#Part One|Who Shot Mr. Burns? (Part One)]]" |} ===Season 7=== {{main|The Simpsons season 7}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width="15%" | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width="25%" | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width="10%" | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" | Title |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10" |129 - 701 |September 17, 1995 |2F20 |"[[Who Shot Mr. Burns?#Part Two|Who Shot Mr. Burns? (Part Two)]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |130 - 702 |September 24, 1995 |2F17 |"[[Radioactive Man (The Simpsons episode)|Radioactive Man]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10" |131 - 703 |October 1, 1995 |3F01 |"[[Home Sweet Homediddly-Dum-Doodily]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |132 - 704 |October 8, 1995 |3F02 |"[[Bart Sells His Soul]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10" |133 - 705 |October 15, 1995 |3F03 |"[[Lisa the Vegetarian]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |134 - 706 |October 29, 1995 |3F04 |"[[Treehouse of Horror VI]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10" |135 - 707 |November 5, 1995 |3F05 |"[[King-Size Homer]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |136 - 708 |November 19, 1995 |3F06 |"[[Mother Simpson]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10" |137 - 709 |November 26, 1995 |3F08 |"[[Sideshow Bob's Last Gleaming]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |138 - 710 |December 3, 1995 |3F31 |"[[The Simpsons 138th Episode Spectacular]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10" |139 - 711 |December 17, 1995 |3F07 |"[[Marge Be Not Proud]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |140 - 712 |January 7, 1996 |3F10 |"[[Team Homer]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10" |141 - 713 |January 14, 1996 |3F09 |"[[Two Bad Neighbors]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |142 - 714 |February 4, 1996 |3F11 |"[[Scenes from the Class Struggle in Springfield]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10" |143 - 715 |February 11, 1996 |3F12 |"[[Bart the Fink]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |144 - 716 |February 18, 1996 |3F13 |"[[Lisa the Iconoclast]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10" |145 - 717 |February 25, 1996 |3F14 |"[[Homer the Smithers]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |146 - 718 |March 17, 1996 |3F16 |"[[The Day the Violence Died]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10" |147 - 719 |March 24, 1996 |3F15 |"[[A Fish Called Selma]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |148 - 720 |March 31, 1996 |3F17 |"[[Bart on the Road]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10" |149 - 721 |April 14, 1996 |3F18 |"[[22 Short Films About Springfield]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |''150'' - 722 |April 28, 1996 |3F19 |"[[Raging Abe Simpson and His Grumbling Grandson in "The Curse of the Flying Hellfish"|Raging Abe Simpson and His Grumbling Grandson<br>in 'The Curse of the Flying Hellfish']]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10" |151 - 723 |May 5, 1996 |3F20 |"[[Much Apu About Nothing]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |152 - 724 |May 19, 1996 |3F21 |"[[Homerpalooza]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10" |153 - 725 |May 19, 1996 |3F22 |"[[Summer of 4 Ft. 2]]" |} ===Season 8=== {{main|The Simpsons season 8}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=15% | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=25% | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" | Title |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10"|154 - 801 |October 27, 1996 |4F02 |"[[Treehouse of Horror VII]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10"|155 - 802 |November 3, 1996 |3F23 |"[[You Only Move Twice]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10"|156 - 803 |November 10, 1996 |4F03 |"[[The Homer They Fall]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10"|157 - 804 |November 17, 1996 |4F05 |"[[Burns, Baby Burns]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10"|158 - 805 |November 24, 1996 |4F06 |"[[Bart After Dark]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10"|159 - 806 |December 1, 1996 |4F04 |"[[A Milhouse Divided]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10"|160 - 807 |December 15, 1996 |4F01 |"[[Lisa's Date with Density]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10"|161 - 808 |December 29, 1996 |4F07 |"[[Hurricane Neddy]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10"|162 - 809 |January 5, 1997 |3F24 |"[[El Viaje Misterioso de Nuestro Jomer (The Mysterious Voyage of Homer)|El Viaje Misterioso de Nuestro Jomer <br>(The Mysterious Voyage of Homer)]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10"|163 - 810 |January 12, 1997 |3G01 |"[[The Springfield Files]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10"|164 - 811 |January 19, 1997 |4F08 |"[[The Twisted World of Marge Simpson]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10"|165 - 812 |February 2, 1997 |4F10 |"[[Mountain of Madness]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10"|166 - 813 |February 7, 1997 |3G03 |"[[Simpsoncalifragilisticexpiala(Annoyed Grunt)cious]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10"|167 - 814 |February 9, 1997 |4F12 |"[[The Itchy & Scratchy & Poochie Show]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10"|168 - 815 |February 16, 1997 |4F11 |"[[Homer's Phobia]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10"|169 - 816 |February 23, 1997 |4F14 |"[[Brother from Another Series]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10"|170 - 817 |March 2, 1997 |4F13 |"[[My Sister, My Sitter]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10"|171 - 818 |March 16, 1997 |4F15 |"[[Homer vs. the Eighteenth Amendment]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10"|172 - 819 |April 6, 1997 |4F09 |"[[Grade School Confidential]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10"|173 - 820 |April 13, 1997 |4F16 |"[[The Canine Mutiny]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10"|174 - 821 |April 20, 1997 |4F17 |"[[The Old Man and the Lisa]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10"|175 - 822 |April 27, 1997 |4F18 |"[[In Marge We Trust]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10"|176 - 823 |May 4, 1997 |4F19 |"[[Homer's Enemy]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10"|177 - 824 |May 11, 1997 |4F20 |"[[The Simpsons Spin-Off Showcase]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | height="10"|178 - 825 |May 18, 1997 |4F21 |"[[The Secret War of Lisa Simpson]]" |} ===Season 9=== {{main|The Simpsons season 9}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=15% | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=25% | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" | Title |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | |height="10"|179 - 901 |September 21, 1997 |4F22 |"[[The City of New York vs. Homer Simpson]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|180 - 902 |September 28, 1997 |4F23 |"[[The Principal and the Pauper]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | |height="10"|181 - 903 |October 19, 1997 |3G02 |"[[Lisa's Sax]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|182 - 904 |October 26, 1997 |5F02 |"[[Treehouse of Horror VIII]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | |height="10"|183 - 905 |November 2, 1997 |5F01 |"[[The Cartridge Family]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|184 - 906 |November 9, 1997 |5F03 |"[[Bart Star]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | |height="10"|185 - 907 |November 16, 1997 |5F04 |"[[The Two Mrs. Nahasapeemapetilons]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|186 - 908 |November 23, 1997 |5F05 |"[[Lisa the Skeptic]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | |height="10"|187 - 909 |December 7, 1997 |5F06 |"[[Realty Bites]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|188 - 910 |December 21, 1997 |5F07 |"[[Miracle on Evergreen Terrace]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | |height="10"|189 - 911 |January 4, 1998 |5F24 |"[[All Singing, All Dancing]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|190 - 912 |January 11, 1998 |5F08 |"[[Bart Carny]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | |height="10"|191 - 913 |February 8, 1998 |5F23 |"[[The Joy of Sect]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|192 - 914 |February 15, 1998 |5F11 |"[[Das Bus]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | |height="10"|193 - 915 |February 22, 1998 |5F10 |"[[The Last Temptation of Krust]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|194 - 916 |March 1, 1998 |5F12 |"[[Dumbbell Indemnity]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | |height="10"|195 - 917 |March 8, 1998 |4F24 |"[[Lisa the Simpson]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|196 - 918 |March 22, 1998 |5F13 |"[[This Little Wiggy]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | |height="10"|197 - 919 |March 29, 1998 |3G04 |"[[Simpson Tide]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|198 - 920 |April 5, 1998 |5F14 |"[[The Trouble with Trillions]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | |height="10"|199 - 921 |April 19, 1998 |5F15 |"[[Girly Edition]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|'''200''' - 922 |April 26, 1998 |5F09 |"[[Trash of the Titans]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | |height="10"|201 - 923 |May 3, 1998 |5F16 |"[[King of the Hill (The Simpsons)|King of the Hill]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|202 - 924 |May 10, 1998 |5F17 |"[[Lost Our Lisa]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | |height="10"|203 - 925 |May 17, 1998 |5F18 |"[[Natural Born Kissers]]" |} ===Season 10=== {{main|The Simpsons season 10}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width="15%" | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width="25%" | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width="10%" | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" | Title |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | height="10" |204 - 1001 |August 23, 1998 |5F20 |"[[Lard of the Dance]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |205 - 1002 |September 20, 1998 |5F21 |"[[The Wizard of Evergreen Terrace]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | height="10" |206 - 1003 |September 27, 1998 |5F22 |"[[Bart the Mother]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |207 - 1004 |October 25, 1998 |AABF01 |"[[Treehouse of Horror IX]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | height="10" |208 - 1005 |November 8, 1998 |5F19 |"[[When You Dish Upon a Star]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |209 - 1006 |November 15, 1998 |AABF02 |"[[D'oh-in in the Wind]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | height="10" |210 - 1007 |November 22, 1998 |AABF03 |"[[Lisa Gets an "A"]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |211 - 1008 |December 6, 1998 |AABF04 |"[[Homer Simpson in: "Kidney Trouble"]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | height="10" |212 - 1009 |December 20, 1998 |AABF05 |"[[Mayored to the Mob]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |213 - 1010 |January 10, 1999 |AABF06 |"[[Viva Ned Flanders]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | height="10" |214 - 1011 |January 17, 1999 |AABF07 |"[[Wild Barts Can't Be Broken]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |215 - 1012 |January 31, 1999 |AABF08 |"[[Sunday, Cruddy Sunday]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | height="10" |216 - 1013 |February 7, 1999 |AABF09 |"[[Homer to the Max]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |217 - 1014 |February 14, 1999 |AABF11 |"[[I'm with Cupid]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | height="10" |218 - 1015 |February 21, 1999 |AABF10 |"[[Marge Simpson in: "Screaming Yellow Honkers"]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |219 - 1016 |February 28, 1999 |AABF12 |"[[Make Room for Lisa]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | height="10" |220 - 1017 |March 28, 1999 |AABF13 |"[[Maximum Homerdrive]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |221 - 1018 |April 4, 1999 |AABF14 |"[[Simpsons Bible Stories]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | height="10" |222 - 1019 |April 11, 1999 |AABF15 |"[[Mom and Pop Art]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |223 - 1020 |April 25, 1999 |AABF16 |"[[The Old Man and the "C" Student]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | height="10" |224 - 1021 |May 2, 1999 |AABF17 |"[[Monty Can't Buy Me Love]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |225 - 1022 |May 9, 1999 |AABF18 |"[[They Saved Lisa's Brain]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | height="10" |226 - 1023 |May 16, 1999 |AABF20 |"[[Thirty Minutes Over Tokyo]]" |} ===Season 11=== {{main|The Simpsons season 11}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=15% | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=25% | Airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" | Title |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|227 - 1101 |September 26, 1999 |AABF23 |"[[Beyond Blunderdome]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|228 - 1102 |October 3, 1999 |AABF22 |"[[Brother's Little Helper]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|229 - 1103 |October 24, 1999 |AABF21 |"[[Guess Who's Coming to Criticize Dinner?]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFF" | |height="10"|230 - 1104 |October 31, 1999 |BABF01 |"[[Treehouse of Horror X]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|231 - 1105 |November 7, 1999 |AABF19 |"[[E-I-E-I-(Annoyed Grunt)]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|232 - 1106 |November 14, 1999 |BABF02 |"[[Hello Gutter, Hello Fadder]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|233 - 1107 |November 21, 1999 |BABF03 |"[[Eight Misbehavin']]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|234 - 1108 |November 28, 1999 |BABF05 |"[[Take My Wife, Sleaze]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|235 - 1109 |December 19, 1999 |BABF07 |"[[Grift of the Magi]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|236 - 1110 |January 9, 2000 |BABF04 |"[[Little Big Mom]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|237 - 1111 |January 16, 2000 |BABF06 |"[[Faith Off]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|238 - 1112 |January 23, 2000 |BABF08 |"[[The Mansion Family]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|239 - 1113 |February 6, 2000 |BABF09 |"[[Saddlesore Galactica]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|240 - 1114 |February 13, 2000 |BABF10 |"[[Alone Again, Natura-Diddily]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|241 - 1115 |February 20, 2000 |BABF11 |"[[Missionary: Impossible]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|242 - 1116 |February 27, 2000 |BABF12 |"[[Pygmoelian]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|243 - 1117 |March 19, 2000 |BABF13 |"[[Bart to the Future]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|244 - 1118 |April 9, 2000 |BABF14 |"[[Days of Wine and D'oh'ses]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|245 - 1119 |April 30, 2000 |BABF16 |"[[Kill the Alligator and Run]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|246 - 1120 |May 7, 2000 |BABF15 |"[[Last Tap Dance in Springfield]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|247 - 1121 |May 14, 2000 |BABF18 |"[[It's A Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad Marge]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|248 - 1122 |May 21, 2000 |BABF19 |"[[Behind the Laughter]]" |} ===Season 12=== {{main|The Simpsons season 12}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=15% | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=25% | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" | Title |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|249 - 1201 |November 1, 2000 |BABF21 |"[[Treehouse of Horror XI]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|''250'' - 1202 |November 2, 2000 |BABF20 |"[[A Tale of Two Springfields]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|251 - 1203 |November 12, 2000 |BABF17 |"[[Insane Clown Poppy]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|252 - 1204 |November 12, 2000 |CABF01 |"[[Lisa the Tree Hugger]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|253 - 1205 |November 22, 2000 |CABF04 |"[[Homer vs. Dignity]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|254 - 1206 |November 22, 2000 |CABF02 |"[[The Computer Wore Menace Shoes]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|255 - 1207 |November 29, 2000 |CABF03 |"[[The Great Money Caper]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|256 - 1208 |December 2, 2000 |CABF06 |"[[Skinner's Sense of Snow]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|257 - 1209 |December 7, 2000 |BABF22 |"[[HOMR]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|258 - 1210 |December 29, 2000 |CABF05 |"[[Pokey Mom]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|259 - 1211 |January 19, 2001 |CABF08 |"[[Worst Episode Ever]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|260 - 1212 |January 23, 2001 |CABF07 |"[[Tennis the Menace]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|261 - 1213 |February 14, 2001 |CABF10 |"[[Day of the Jackanapes]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|262 - 1214 |March 8, 2001 |CABF12 |"[[New Kids on the Blecch]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|263 - 1215 |March 19, 2001 |CABF09 |"[[Hungry, Hungry Homer]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|264 - 1216 |March 20, 2001 |CABF11 |"[[Bye Bye Nerdie]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|265 - 1217 |April 10, 2001 |CABF13 |"[[Simpson Safari]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|266 - 1218 |April 22, 2001 |CABF14 |"[[Trilogy of Error]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|267 - 1219 |May 18, 2001 |CABF15 |"[[I'm Goin' to Praiseland]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|268 - 1220 |July 2, 2001 |CABF16 |"[[Children of a Lesser Clod]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|269 - 1221 |July 31, 2001 |CABF17 |"[[Simpsons Tall Tales]]" |} ===Season 13=== {{main|The Simpsons season 13}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width="15%" | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width="25%" | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width="10%" | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" | Title |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | height="10" |270 - 1301 |November 6, 2001 |CABF19 |"[[Treehouse of Horror XII]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |271 - 1302 |November 11, 2001 |CABF22 |"[[The Parent Rap]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | height="10" |272 - 1303 |November 18, 2001 |CABF20 |"[[Homer the Moe]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |273 - 1304 |December 2, 2001 |CABF18 |"[[A Hunka Hunka Burns in Love]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | height="10" |274 - 1305 |December 9, 2001 |CABF21 |"[[The Blunder Years]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |275 - 1306 |December 16, 2001 |DABF02 |"[[She of Little Faith]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | height="10" |276 - 1307 |January 6, 2002 |DABF01 |"[[Brawl in the Family]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |277 - 1308 |January 20, 2002 |DABF03 |"[[Sweets and Sour Marge]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | height="10" |278 - 1309 |January 27, 2002 |DABF05 |"[[Jaws Wired Shut]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |279 - 1310 |February 10, 2002 |DABF04 |"[[Half-Decent Proposal]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | height="10" |280 - 1311 |February 17, 2002 |DABF06 |"[[The Bart Wants What It Wants]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |281 - 1312 |February 24, 2002 |DABF07 |"[[The Lastest Gun in the West]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | height="10" |282 - 1313 |March 10, 2002 |DABF09 |"[[The Old Man and the Key]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |283 - 1314 |March 17, 2002 |DABF08 |"[[Tales from the Public Domain]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | height="10" |284 - 1315 |March 31, 2002 |DABF10 |"[[Blame It on Lisa]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |285 - 1316 |April 7, 2002 |DABF11 |"[[Weekend at Burnsie's]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | height="10" |286 - 1317 |April 21, 2002 |DABF12 |"[[Gump Roast]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |287 - 1318 |April 28, 2002 |DABF13 |"[[I Am Furious (Yellow)|I Am Furious Yellow]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | height="10" |288 - 1319 |May 5, 2002 |DABF14 |"[[The Sweetest Apu]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |289 - 1320 |May 12, 2002 |DABF15 |"[[Little Girl in the Big Ten]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | height="10" |290 - 1321 |May 19, 2002 |DABF16 |"[[The Frying Game]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | height="10" |291 - 1322 |May 22, 2002 |DABF17 |"[[Papa's Got a Brand New Badge]]" |} ===Season 14=== {{main|The Simpsons season 14}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=15% | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=25% | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" | Title |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|292 - 1401 |November 3, 2002 |DABF19 |"[[Treehouse of Horror XIII]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|293 - 1402 |November 10, 2002 |DABF22 |"[[How I Spent My Strummer Vacation]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|294 - 1403 |November 17, 2002 |DABF20 |"[[Bart vs. Lisa vs. the Third Grade]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|295 - 1404 |November 24, 2002 |DABF18 |"[[Large Marge]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|296 - 1405 |December 1, 2002 |DABF21 |"[[Helter Shelter (The Simpsons)|Helter Shelter]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|297 - 1406 |December 15, 2002 |EABF01 |"[[The Great Louse Detective]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|298 - 1407 |January 5, 2003 |EABF02 |"[[Special Edna]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|299 - 1408 |January 12, 2003 |EABF03 |"[[The Dad Who Knew Too Little]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|'''300''' - 1409 |February 2, 2003 |EABF05 |"[[Barting Over]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|301 - 1410 |February 9, 2003 |EABF07 |"[[I'm Spelling as Fast as I Can]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|302 - 1411 |February 16, 2003 |EABF04 |"[[Strong Arms of the Ma]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|303 - 1412 |February 16, 2003 |EABF06 |"[[Pray Anything]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|304 - 1413 |March 2, 2003 |EABF08 |"[[A Star Is Born-Again]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|305 - 1414 |March 9, 2003 |EABF09 |"[[Mr. Spritz Goes to Washington]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|306 - 1415 |March 16, 2003 |EABF10 |"[[C.E. D'oh]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|307 - 1416 |March 30, 2003 |EABF11 |"[['Scuse Me While I Miss the Sky]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|308 - 1417 |April 13, 2003 |EABF12 |"[[Three Gays of the Condo]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|309 - 1418 |April 27, 2003 |EABF13 |"[[Dude, Where's My Ranch?]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|310 - 1419 |May 4, 2003 |EABF14 |"[[Old Yeller Belly]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|311 - 1420 |May 11, 2003 |EABF15 |"[[Brake My Wife, Please]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|312 - 1421 |May 18, 2003 |EABF16 |"[[The Bart of War]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|313 - 1422 |May 18, 2003 |EABF17 |"[[Moe Baby Blues]]" |} ===Season 15=== {{main|The Simpsons season 15}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=15% | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=25% | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" | Title |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|314 - 1501 |November 2, 2003 |EABF21 |"[[Treehouse of Horror XIV]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|315 - 1502 |November 5, 2003 |EABF18 |"[[My Mother the Carjacker]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|316 - 1503 |November 7, 2003 |EABF20 |"[[The President Wore Pearls]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|317 - 1504 |November 30, 2003 |EABF22 |"[[The Regina Monologues]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|318 - 1505 |December 5, 2003 |EABF19 |"[[The Fat and the Furriest]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|319 - 1506 |December 7, 2003 |FABF01 |"[[Today I Am a Clown]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|320 - 1507 |December 14, 2003 |FABF02 |"[['Tis the Fifteenth Season]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|321 - 1508 |January 4, 2004 |FABF03 |"[[Marge vs. Singles, Seniors, Childless Couples and Teens, and Gays|Marge vs. Singles, Seniors, Childless Couples<br/>and Teens, and Gays]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|322 - 1509 |January 11, 2004 |FABF04 |"[[I, (Annoyed Grunt)-Bot]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|323 - 1510 |January 25, 2004 |FABF05 |"[[Diatribe of a Mad Housewife]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|324 - 1511 |February 8, 2004 |FABF06 |"[[Margical History Tour]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|325 - 1512 |February 15, 2004 |FABF07 |"[[Milhouse Doesn't Live Here Anymore]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|326 - 1513 |February 22, 2004 |FABF09 |"[[Smart and Smarter]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|327 - 1514 |March 14, 2004 |FABF08 |"[[The Ziff Who Came to Dinner]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|328 - 1515 |March 21, 2004 |FABF10 |"[[Co-Dependent's Day]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|329 - 1516 |March 28, 2004 |FABF11 |"[[The Wandering Juvie]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|330 - 1517 |April 18, 2004 |FABF12 |"[[My Big Fat Geek Wedding]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|331 - 1518 |April 25, 2004 |FABF14 |"[[Catch 'Em if You Can]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|332 - 1519 |May 2, 2004 |FABF15 |"[[Simple Simpson]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|333 - 1520 |May 9, 2004 |FABF13 |"[[The Way We Weren't]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|334 - 1521 |May 16, 2004 |FABF17 |"[[Bart-Mangled Banner]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|335 - 1522 |May 23, 2004 |FABF18 |"[[Fraudcast News]]" |} ===Season 16=== {{main|The Simpsons season 16}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=15% | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=25% | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" | Title |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|336 - 1601 |November 7, 2004 |FABF23 |"[[Treehouse of Horror XV]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|337 - 1602 |November 14, 2004 |FABF20 |"[[All's Fair in Oven War]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |height="10"|338 - 1603 |November 21, 2004 |FABF19 |"[[Sleeping with the Enemy (The Simpsons)|Sleeping With the Enemy]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |height="10"|339 - 1604 |December 5, 2004 |FABF22 |"[[She Used to Be My Girl]]" |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | |} ===Season 17=== {{main|The Simpsons season 17}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=15% | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=25% | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=40% | Title ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | U.S. Viewers |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | 357 - 1701 |May 1, 2005 |HABF01 |"[[Mobile Homer]]" |11.10 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 358 - 1702 |May 8, 2005 |HABF02 |"[[Don't Fear the Roofer]]" |9.79 million |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | 359 - 1703 |May 15, 2005 |HABF03 |"[[Milhouse of Sand and Fog]]" |10.19 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 360 - 1704 |May 22, 2005 |HABF04 |"[[The Father, the Son, and the Holy Guest Star]]" |11.63 million |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | 361 - 1705 |June 5, 2005 |HABF04 |"[[Marge's Son Poisoning]] |11.40 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 362 - 1706 |June 12, 2005 |HABF06 |"[[See Homer Run]]" |10.30 million |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | 363 - 1707 |June 19, 2005 |HABF07 |"[[The Last of the Red Hat Mamas]]" |11.00 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 364 - 1708 |June 26, 2005 |HABF08 |"[[The Italian Bob]]" |10.39 million |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | 365 - 1709 |July 10, 2005 |HABF12 |"[[Fat Man and Little Boy]]" |9.80 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 366 - 1710 |July 17, 2005 |HABF13 |"[[Homer's Paternity Coot]]" |10.10 million |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | 367 - 1711 |September 11, 2005 |HABF10 |"[[We're on the Road to D'ohwhere]]" |9.04 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 368 - 1712 |September 18, 2005 |HABF12 |"[[The Heartbroke Kid]]" |9.51 million |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | 369 - 1713 |September 25, 2005 |HABF16 |"[[Kiss Kiss, Bang Bangalore]]" |9.72 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 370 - 1714 |October 2, 2005 |HABF17 |"[[Treehouse of Horror XVI]]" |8.75 million |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | 371 - 1715 |November 6, 2005 |HABF18 |"[[Homer Simpson, This Is Your Wife]]" |10.14 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 372 - 1716 |November 20, 2005 |HABF19 |"[[The Seven-Beer Snitch]]" |7.83 million |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | 373 - 1717 |November 27, 2005 |HABF20 |"[[Midnight Rx]]" |8.20 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 374 - 1718 |December 18, 2005 |HABF22 |"[[The Girl Who Slept Too Little]]" |7.04 million |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | 375 - 1719 |January 8, 2006 |HABF21 |"[[Girls Just Want to Have Sums]]" |8.70 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 376 - 1720 |January 29, 2006 |HABF24 |"[[Regarding Margie]]" |8.50 million |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | 377 - 1721 |March 19, 2006 |HABF24 |"[[The Bonfire of the Manatees]]" |8.30 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 378 - 1722 |March 26, 2006 |HABF25 |"[[We're on the Road to D'ohwhere]]" |8.23 million | 378 - 1723 |April 9, 2006 |HABF26 | "[[On a Clear Day I Can't See My Sister]]" |8.23 million | 379 - 1724 |April 16, 2006 |HABF27 | "[[The Wettest Stories Ever Told]] | 8.23 million | 340 - 1725 |April 30, 2006 |HABF28 | "[[Goo Goo Gai Pan]] | 8.23 milliom | 341 - 1726 |May 7, 2006 |HABF29 | "[[Mommie Beerest]]" | 8.23 million | 342 - 1727 |HABF30 |May 14, 2006 | "[[Homer and Ned's Hail Mary Pass]] | 8.23 million | 343 - 1728, 344 - 1729, 344 - 1730 |May 21, 2006 (TV) (The movie also DVD Homer Here is first Not Come) |GABF02, GABF01, GABF03, | "[[Home Away from Homer]] | "[[A Star Is Torn]] | "[[There's Something About Marrying]] | 8. 23 million |} ===Season 18=== {{main|The Simpsons season 18}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=15% | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=25% | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=40% | Title ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | U.S. Viewers |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | 379 - 1801 || September 10, 2006 || HABF15 ||"[[The Mook, the Chef, the Wife and Her Homer]]" || 11.50 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 380 - 1802 || September 17, 2006 || HABF18 || "[[Jazzy and the Pussycats]]" || 8.94 million |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | 381 - 1803|| September 24, 2006 || HABF20 || "[[Please Homer, Don't Hammer 'Em]]" || 9.72 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 382 - 1804 || November 5, 2006 || HABF17 || "[[Treehouse of Horror XVII]]" || 10.43 million |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | 383 - 1805 || November 12, 2006|| HABF21 || "[[G.I. (Annoyed Grunt)]]" || 11.43 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 384 - 1806 || November 19, 2006 || HABF19 || "[[Moe'N'a Lisa]]" || 9.31 million |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | 385 - 1807 || November 26, 2006 || HABF22 || "[[Ice Cream of Margie (with the Light Blue Hair)]]" || 10.90 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | 386 - 1808 || December 10, 2006 || JABF02 || "[[The Haw-Hawed Couple]]" || 8.29 million |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | 387 - 1809 || December 17, 2006 || JABF01 || "[[Kill Gil, Volumes I & II]]" || 8.96 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 388 - 1810 || January 7, 2007 || JABF03 || "[[The Wife Aquatic]]" || 13.90 million |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | 389 - 1811 || January 28, 2007 || JABF05 || "[[Revenge Is a Dish Best Served Three Times]]" || 8.09 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 390 - 1812 || February 11, 2007 || JABF04 || "[[Little Big Girl]]" || 8.27 million |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | 391 - 1813 || February 18, 2007 || JABF07 || "[[Springfield Up]]" || 8.80 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 392 - 1814 || March 4, 2007 || JABF09 || "[[Yokel Chords]]" || 9.09 million |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | 393 - 1815 || March 11, 2007 || JABF08 || "[[Rome-old and Juli-eh]]" || 8.98 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | 394 - 1816 || March 25, 2007 || JABF06 || "[[Homerazzi]]" || 6.91 million |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | 395 - 1817 || April 22, 2007 || JABF10 || "[[Marge Gamer]]" || 6.40 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 396 - 1818 || April 29, 2007 || JABF11 || "[[The Boys of Bummer]]" || 7.57 million |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | 397 - 1819 || May 6, 2007 || JABF13 || "[[Crook and Ladder]]" || 7.72 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 398 - 1820 || May 13, 2007 || JABF12 || "[[Stop, or My Dog Will Shoot!]]" || 6.48 million |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | 399 - 1821 || May 20, 2007 || JABF14 ||"[[24 Minutes]]" || 9.80 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | '''400''' - 1822 || May 20, 2007 || JABF15 || "[[You Kent Always Say What You Want]]" || 9.80 million |} ===The Simpsons Movie=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=15% | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=25% | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" | Title |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | MOVIE || July 27, 2007 || MOVIE1 || "[[The Simpsons Movie]]" |} ===Season 19=== {{main|The Simpsons season 19}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=15% | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=25% | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=40% | Title ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | U.S. Viewers |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | 401 - 1901 || September 23, 2007 || JABF20 || "[[He Loves to Fly and He D'ohs]]" || 9.70 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 402 - 1902 || September 30, 2007 || JABF18 || "[[The Homer of Seville]]" || 8.43 million |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | 403 - 1903 || October 7, 2007 || JABF21 || "[[Treehouse of Horror XVIII]]" || 7.74 million |-style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 404 - 1904|| October 14, 2007 || JABF19 || "[[Midnight Towboy]]" || 8.83 million |-style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | 405 - 1905 || November 4, 2007 || JABF16 || "[[I Don't Wanna Know Why the Caged Bird Sings]]" || 11.72 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 406 - 1906 || November 11, 2007 || JABF22 || "[[Little Orphan Millie]]" || 10.57 million |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | 407 - 1907 ||November 18, 2007 || JABF17 || "[[Husbands and Knives]]" || 10.55 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 408 - 1908 || November 25, 2007 || KABF01 || "[[Funeral for a Fiend]]" || 9.03 million |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | 409 - 1909 || December 16, 2007 || KABF02 || "[[Eternal Moonshine of the Simpson Mind]]" || 10.15 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 410 - 1910 || January 6, 2008 || KABF03 || "[[E Pluribus Wiggum]]" || 8.15 million |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | 411 - 1911 || January 27, 2008 || KABF04 || "[[That 90's Show]]" || 7.58 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 412 - 1912 || February 17, 2008 || KABF05 || "[[Love, Springfieldian Style]]" || 7.81 million |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | 413 - 1913 || March 2, 2008 || KABF06 || "[[The Debarted]]" || 7.86 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 414 - 1914 || March 9, 2008 || KABF07 || "[[Dial 'N' for Nerder]]" || 7.28 million |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | 415 - 1915 || March 30, 2008 || KABF08 || "[[Smoke on the Daughter]]" || 7.10 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 416 - 1916 || April 13, 2008 || KABF09 || "[[Papa Don't Leech]]" || 6.90 million |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | 417 - 1917 || April 27, 2008 || KABF10 || "[[Apocalypse Cow]]" || 7.69 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 418 - 1918 || May 4, 2008 || KABF11 || "[[Any Given Sundance]]" || 6.18 million |- style="background-color: #fff4a7" | | 419 - 1919 || May 11, 2008 || KABF12 || "[[Mona Leaves-a]]" || 6.02 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 420 - 1920 || May 18, 2008 || KABF13 || "[[All About Lisa]]" || 6.11 million |} ===Season 20=== {{main|The Simpsons season 20}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width="15%" | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width="25%" | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width="10%" | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" width="40%" | Title ! style="background-color: #fada00" width="10%" | U.S. Viewers |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 421 - 2001 || September 28, 2008 || KABF17 || "[[Sex, Pies and Idiot Scrapes]]" || 9.30 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 422 - 2002 || October 5, 2008 || KABF15 || "[[Treehouse of Horror XIX]]" || 7.43 million |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 423 - 2003 || October 19, 2008|| KABF14 || "[[Lost Verizon]]" || 8.09 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 424 - 2004 || November 2, 2008 || KABF16 || "[[Double, Double, Boy in Trouble]]" || 12.48 million |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 425 - 2005 || November 9, 2008 || KABF18 || "[[Dangerous Curves]]" || 8.16 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 426 - 2006 || November 16, 2008 || KABF19 || "[[Homer and Lisa Exchange Cross Words]]" || 8.52 million |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 427 - 2007 || November 30, 2008 || KABF20 || "[[MyPods and Boomsticks]]" || 8.00 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 428 - 2008 || December 7, 2008 || KABF21 || "[[The Burns and the Bees]]" || 6.19 million |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 429 - 2009 || January 25, 2009 || KABF22 || "[[Lisa the Drama Queen]]" || 5.75 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 430 - 2010 || February 15, 2009 || LABF01 || "[[Take My Life, Please]]" || 6.82 million |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 431 - 2011 || March 1, 2009 || LABF02 || "[[How the Test Was Won]]" || 6.71 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 432 - 2012 || March 8, 2009 || LABF03 || "[[No Loan Again, Naturally]]" || 5.99 million |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 433 - 2013 || March 15, 2009 || LABF04 || "[[Gone Maggie Gone]]" || 5.97 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 434 - 2014 || March 22, 2009 || LABF11 || "[[In the Name of the Grandfather]]" || 6.15 million |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 435 - 2015 || March 29, 2009 || LABF05 || "[[Wedding for Disaster]]" || 6.58 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 436 - 2016 || April 5, 2009 || LABF06 || "[[Eeny Teeny Maya Moe]]" || 6.40 million |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 437 - 2017 || April 19, 2009 || LABF07 || "[[The Good, the Sad and the Drugly]]" || 6.50 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 438 - 2018 || April 26, 2009|| LABF08 || "[[Father Knows Worst]]" || 5.94 million |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 439 - 2019 || May 3, 2009 || LABF10 || "[[Waverly Hills 9-0-2-1-D'oh]]" || 6.66 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 440 - 2020 || May 10, 2009 || LABF09 || "[[Four Great Women and a Manicure]]" || 5.16 million |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 441 - 2021 || May 17, 2009 || LABF12 || "[[Coming to Homerica]]" || 5.86 million |} ===Season 21=== {{main|The Simpsons season 21}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=15% | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=25% | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=40% | Title ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | U.S. Viewers |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 442 - 2101 || September 27, 2009 || LABF13 || "[[Homer the Whopper]]" || 8.21 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 443 - 2102 || October 4, 2009 || LABF15 || "[[Bart Gets a 'Z']]" || 9.32 million |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 444 - 2103 || October 11, 2009 || LABF16 || "[[The Great Wife Hope]]" || 7.55 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 445 - 2104 || October 18, 2009 || LABF14 || "[[Treehouse of Horror XX]]" || 8.59 million |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 446 - 2105 || November 15, 2009 || LABF17 || "[[The Devil Wears Nada]]" || 9.04 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 447 - 2106 || November 22, 2009 || LABF18 || "[[Pranks and Greens]]" || 7.04 million |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 448 - 2107 || November 29, 2009 || LABF19 || "[[Rednecks and Broomsticks]]" || 8.90 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 449 - 2108 || December 13, 2009 || MABF01 || "[[O Brother, Where Bart Thou?]]" || 7.11 million |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | ''450'' - 2109 || January 3, 2010 || KABF23 || "[[Thursdays With Abie]]" || 8.65 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 451 - 2110 || January 10, 2010 || LABF20 || "[[Once Upon a Time in Springfield]]" || 21.01 million |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 452 - 2111 || January 31, 2010 || MABF03 || "[[Million Dollar Maybe]]" || 5.11 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 453 - 2112 || February 14, 2010 || MABF05 || "[[Boy Meets Curl]]" || 5.87 million |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 454 - 2113 || February 21, 2010 || MABF06 || "[[The Color Yellow]]" || 6.08 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 455 - 2114 || March 14, 2010 || MABF04 || "[[Postcards from the Wedge]]" || 5.23 million |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 456 - 2115 || March 21, 2010 || MABF07 || "[[Stealing First Base]]" || 5.69 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 457 - 2116 || March 28, 2010 || MABF10 || "[[The Greatest Story Ever D'ohed]]" || 5.70 million |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 458 - 2117 || April 11, 2010 || MABF08 || "[[American History X-cellent]]" || 5.65 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 459 - 2118 || April 18, 2010 || MABF09 || "[[Chief of Hearts]]" || 5.93 million |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 460 - 2119 || April 25, 2010 || MABF14 || "[[The Squirt and the Whale]]" || 5.94 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 461 - 2120 || May 2, 2010 || MABF12 || "[[To Surveil with Love]]" || 6.05 million |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 462 - 2121 || May 9, 2010 || MABF13 || "[[Moe Letter Blues]]" || 5.66 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 463 - 2122 || May 16, 2010 || MABF11 || "[[The Bob Next Door]]" || 6.26 million |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 464 - 2123 || May 23, 2010 || MABF15 || "[[Judge Me Tender]]" || 5.74 million |} === Season 22 === {{main|The Simpsons season 22}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=15% | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=25% | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=40%| Title ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10%| U.S. Viewers |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 465 - 2201 || September 26, 2010 || MABF21 || "[[Elementary School Musical (The Simpsons)|Elementary School Musical]]" || 7.76 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 466 - 2202 || October 3, 2010 || MABF17 || "[[Loan-a-Lisa]]" || 8.95 million |- style="background-color: #FFF3a7" | | 467 - 2203 || October 10, 2010 || MABF18 || "[[MoneyBart]]" || 6.72 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 468 - 2204 || November 7, 2010 || MABF16 || "[[Treehouse of Horror XXI]]" || 8.20 million |- style="background-color: #FFF3a7" | | 469 - 2205 || November 14, 2010 || MABF20 || "[[Lisa Simpson, This Isn't Your Life]]" || 8.97 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 470 - 2206 || November 21, 2010 || NABF01 || "[[The Fool Monty (The Simpsons)|The Fool Monty]]" || 6.63 million |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 471 - 2207 || November 28, 2010 || NABF02 || "[[How Munched is that Birdie in the Window?]]" || 9.42 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 472 - 2208 || December 5, 2010 || NABF33 || "[[The Fight Before Christmas]]" || 9.56 million |- style="background-color: #FFF3a7" | | 473 - 2209 || December 12, 2010 || MABF32 || "[[Donnie Fatso]]" || 7.31 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 474 - 2210 || January 9, 2011 || NABF03 || "[[Moms I'd Like to Forget]]" || 12.65 million |- style="background-color: #FFF3a7" | | 475 - 2211 || January 16, 2011 || NABF04 || "[[Flaming Moe]]" || 6.47 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 476 - 2212 || January 23, 2011 || NABF05 || "[[Homer the Father]]" || 6.50 million |- style="background-color: #FFF3a7" | | 477 - 2213 || February 13, 2011 || NABF06 || "[[The Blue and the Gray (The Simpsons)|The Blue and the Gray]]" || 5.62 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 478 - 2214 || February 20, 2011 || NABF07 || "[[Angry Dad: The Movie]]" || 6.44 million |- style="background-color: #FFF3a7" | | 479 - 2215 || March 6, 2011 || NABF08 || "[[The Scorpion's Tale (The Simpsons)|The Scorpion's Tale]]" || 6.20 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 480 - 2216 || March 20, 2011 || NABF09 || "[[A Midsummer's Nice Dreams]]" || 5.45 million |- style="background-color: #FFF3a7" | | 481 - 2217 || March 27, 2011 || NABF10 || "[[Love is a Many Strangled Thing]]" || 6.14 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 482 - 2218 || April 10, 2011 || NABF11 || "[[The Great Simpsina]]" || 4.99 million |- style="background-color: #FFF3a7" | | 483 - 2219 || April 17, 2011 || NABF12 || "[[The Real Housewives of Fat Tony]]" || 6.11 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 484 - 2220 || May 8, 2011 || NABF13 || "[[Homer Scissorhands]]" || 5.48 million |- style="background-color: #FFF3a7" | | 485 - 2221 || May 15, 2011 || NABF14 || "[[500 Keys]]" || 6.00 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 486 - 2222 || May 22, 2011 || NABF15 || "[[The Ned-Liest Catch]]" || 5.29 million |} === Season 23 === {{main|The Simpsons season 23}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=15% | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=25% | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=40% | Title ! style="background-color: #fada00" width-10%| U.S. Viewers |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 487 - 2301 || September 25, 2011 || NABF16 || "[[The Falcon and the D'ohman]]" || 8.08 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 488 - 2302 || October 2, 2011 || NABF17 || "[[Bart Stops to Smell the Roosevelts]]" || 6.19 million |- style="background-color: #FFF3a7" | | 489 - 2303 || October 30, 2011 || NABF19 || "[[Treehouse of Horror XXII]]" || 8.10 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 490 - 2304 || November 6, 2011 || NABF21 || "[[Replaceable You]]" || 7.97 million |- style="background-color: #FFF3a7" | | 491 - 2305 || November 13, 2011 || NABF20 || "[[The Food Wife]]" || 7.50 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 492 - 2306 || November 20, 2011 || NABF22 || "[[The Book Job]]" || 5.74 million |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 493 - 2307 || November 27, 2011 || PABF01 || "[[The Man in the Blue Flannel Pants]]" || 5.61 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 494 - 2308 || December 4, 2011 || PABF02 || "[[The Ten-Per-Cent-Solution]]" || 9.01 million |- style="background-color: #FFF3a7" | | 495 - 2309 || December 11, 2011 || NABF18 || "[[Holidays of Future Passed]]" || 6.43 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 496 - 2310 || January 8, 2012 || PABF03 || "[[Politically Inept, with Homer Simpson]]" || 5.07 million |- style="background-color: #FFF3a7" | | 497 - 2311 || January 15, 2012 || PABF04 || "[[The D'oh-cial Network]]" || 11.48 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 498 - 2312 || January 29, 2012 || PABF05 || "[[Moe Goes from Rags to Riches]]" || 5.12 million |- style="background-color: #FFF3a7" | | 499 - 2313 || February 12, 2012 || PABF06 || "[[The Daughter Also Rises]]" || 4.26 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | '''500''' - 2314 || February 19, 2012 || PABF07 || "[[At Long Last Leave]]" || 5.77 million |- style="background-color: #FFF3a7" | | 501 - 2315 || March 4, 2012 || PABF09 || "[[Exit Through the Kwik-E-Mart]]" || 5.09 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 502 - 2316 || March 11, 2012 || PABF08 || "[[How I Wet Your Mother]]" || 4.97 million |- style="background-color: #FFF3a7" | | 503 - 2317 || March 18, 2012 || PABF10 || "[[Them, Robot]]" || 5.25 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 504 - 2318 || April 15, 2012 || PABF11 || "[[Beware My Cheating Bart]]" || 4.86 million |- style="background-color: #FFF3a7" | | 505 - 2319 || April 29, 2012 || PABF12 || "[[A Totally Fun Thing That Bart Will Never Do Again]]" || 5.00 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 506 - 2320 || May 6, 2012 || PABF13 || "[[The Spy Who Learned Me]]" || 4.84 million |- style="background-color: #FFF3a7" | | 507 - 2321 || May 13, 2012 || PABF15 || "[[Ned 'N Edna's Blend Agenda]]" || 4.07 million |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 508 - 2322 || May 20, 2012 || PABF14 || "[[Lisa Goes Gaga]]" || 4.82 million |} === Season 24 === {{main|The Simpsons season 24}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=15% | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=25% | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=40% | Title |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 509 - 2401 || September 30, 2012 || PABF21 || "[[Moonshine River]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 510 - 2402 || October 7, 2012 || PABF17 || "[[Treehouse of Horror XXIII]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 511 - 2403 || November 4, 2012 || PABF18 || "[[Adventures in Baby-Getting]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 512 - 2404 || November 11, 2012 || PABF16 || "[[Gone Abie Gone]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 513 - 2405 || November 18, 2012 || PABF19 || "[[Penny-Wiseguys]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 514 - 2406 || November 25, 2012 || PABF22 || "[[A Tree Grows in Springfield]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 515 - 2407 || December 9, 2012 || PABF20 || "[[The Day the Earth Stood Cool]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 516 - 2408 || December 16, 2012 || RABF01 || "[[To Cur, with Love]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | 517 - 2409 || January 6, 2013 || RABF02 || "[[Homer Goes to Prep School]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 518 - 2410 || January 13, 2013 || RABF03 || "[[A Test Before Trying]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 519 - 2411 || January 27, 2013 || RABF04 || "[[Changing of the Guardian]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 520 - 2412 || February 10, 2013 || RABF07 || "[[Love Is a Many-Splintered Thing]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 521 - 2413 || February 17, 2013 || RABF05 || "[[Hardly Kirk-ing]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 522 - 2414 || March 3, 2013 || RABF06 || "[[Gorgeous Grampa]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 523 - 2415 || March 10, 2013 || RABF09 || "[[Black-Eyed, Please]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 524 - 2416 || March 17, 2013 || RABF10 || "[[Dark Knight Court]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 525 - 2417 || April 14, 2013 || RABF08 || "[[What Animated Women Want]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 526 - 2418 || April 28, 2013 || RABF11 || "[[Pulpit Friction]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 527 - 2419 || May 5, 2013 || RABF13 || "[[Whiskey Business]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 528 - 2420 || May 12, 2013 || RABF12 || "[[The Fabulous Faker Boy]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 529 - 2421 || May 19, 2013 || RABF14 || "[[The Saga of Carl Carlson]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 530 - 2422 || May 19, 2013 || RABF17 || "[[Dangers on a Train]]" |} === Season 25 === {{main|The Simpsons season 25}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=15% | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=25% | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=40% | Title ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | U.S. Viewers |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 531 - 2501 || September 29, 2013 || RABF20 || "[[Homerland]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 532 - 2502 || October 6, 2013 || RABF16 || "[[Treehouse of Horror XXIV]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 533 - 2503 || November 3, 2013 || RABF18 || "[[Four Regrettings and a Funeral]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 534 - 2504 || November 10, 2013 || RABF22 || "[[YOLO]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 535 - 2505 || November 17, 2013 || RABF19 || "[[Labor Pains]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 536 - 2506 || November 24, 2013 || SABF02 || "[[The Kid is All Right]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 537 - 2507 || December 8, 2013 || SABF04 || "[[Yellow Subterfuge]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 538 - 2508 || December 15, 2013 || SABF01 || "[[White Christmas Blues]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 539 - 2509 || January 5, 2014 || SABF05 || "[[Steal This Episode]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 540 - 2510 || January 12, 2014 || SABF03 || "[[Married to the Blob]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 541 - 2511 || January 26, 2014 || SABF06 || "[[Specs and the City]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 542 - 2512 || March 9, 2014 || SABF08 || "[[Diggs]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 543 - 2513 || March 9, 2014 || SABF07 || "[[The Man Who Grew Too Much]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 544 - 2514 || March 16, 2014 || SABF09 || "[[The Winter of His Content]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 545 - 2515 || March 23, 2014 || SABF10 || "[[The War of Art]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 546 - 2516 || March 30, 2014 || SABF11 || "[[You Don't Have to Live Like a Referee]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 547 - 2517 || April 6, 2014 || SABF12 || "[[Luca$]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 548 - 2518 || April 13, 2014 || SABF13 || "[[Days of Future Future]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 549 - 2519 || April 27, 2014 || SABF14 || "[[What to Expect When Bart's Expecting]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 550 - 2520 || May 4, 2014 || RABF21 || "[[Brick Like Me]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 551 - 2521 || May 11, 2014 || SABF15 || "[[Pay Pal (The Simpsons)|Pay Pal]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 552 - 2522 || May 18, 2014 || SABF18 || "[[The Yellow Badge of Cowardge]]" || TBA |} === Season 26 === {{main|The Simpsons season 26}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=15% | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=25% | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=40% | Title ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | U.S. Viewers |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 553 - 2601 || September 28, 2014 || SABF20 || "[[Clown in the Dumps]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 554 - 2602 || October 5, 2014 || SABF17 || "[[The Wreck of the Relationship]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 555 - 2603 || October 12, 2014 || SABF19 || "[[Super Franchise Me]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 556 - 2604 || October 19, 2014 || SABF21 || "[[Treehouse of Horror XXV]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 557 - 2605 || November 2, 2014 || SABF22 || "[[Opposites A-Frack]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 558 - 2606 || November 9, 2014 || SABF16 || "[[Simpsorama]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 559 - 2607 || November 16, 2014 || TABF01 || "[[Blazed and Confused]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 560 - 2608 || November 23, 2014 || TABF02 || "[[Covercraft]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 561 - 2609 || December 7, 2014 || TABF03 || "[[I Won’t Be Home for Christmas]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 562 - 2610 || January 4, 2015 || RABF15 || "[[The Man Who Came to Be Dinner]]" ||TBA |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 563 - 2611 || January 11, 2015 || TABF05 || "[[Bart's New Friend]]" ||TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 564 - 2612 || January 25, 2015 || TABF04 || "[[The Musk Who Fell to Earth]]" ||TBA |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 565 - 2613 || February 8, 2015 || TABF06 || "[[Walking Big & Tall]]" ||TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 566 - 2614 || February 15, 2015 || TABF07 || "[[My Fare Lady]]" ||TBA |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 567 - 2615 || March 1, 2015 || TABF08 || "[[The Princess Guide]]" ||TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 568 - 2616 || March 8, 2015 || TABF09 || "[[Sky Police]]" ||TBA |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 569 - 2617 || March 15, 2015 || TABF10 || "[[Waiting for Duffman]]" ||TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 570 - 2618 || April 19, 2015 || TABF11 || "[[Peeping Mom]]" ||TBA |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 571 - 2619 || April 26, 2015 || TABF12 || "[[The Kids Are All Fight]]" ||TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 572 - 2620 || May 3, 2015 || TABF13 || "[[Let's Go Fly a Coot]]" ||TBA |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 573 - 2621 || May 10, 2015 || TABF15 || "[[Bull-E]]" ||TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 574 - 2622 || May 17, 2015 || TABF16 || "[[Mathlete's Feat]]" ||TBA |} === Season 27 === {{main|The Simpsons season 27}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=15% | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=25% | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=40% | Title ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | U.S. Viewers |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 575 - 2701 || September 27, 2015 || TABF14 || "[[Every Man's Dream]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 576 - 2702 || October 4, 2015 || TABF17 || "[[Cue Detective]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 577 - 2703 || October 11, 2015 || TABF19 || "[[Puffless]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 578 - 2704 || October 18, 2015 || TABF22 || "[[Halloween of Horror]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 579 - 2705 || October 25, 2015 || TABF18 || "[[Treehouse of Horror XXVI]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 580 - 2706 || November 8, 2015 || TABF21 || "[[Friend with Benefit]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 581 - 2707 || November 22, 2015 || TABF20 || "[[Lisa with an 'S']]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 582 - 2708 || December 6, 2015 || VABF01 || "[[Paths of Glory]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 583 - 2709 || December 13, 2015 || VABF02 || "[[Barthood]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 584 - 2710 || January 3, 2016 || VABF03 || "[[The Girl Code]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 585 - 2711 || January 10, 2016 || VABF04 || "[[Teenage Mutant Milk-Caused Hurdles]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 586 - 2712 || January 17, 2016 || VABF05 || "[[Much Apu About Something]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 587 - 2713 || February 14, 2016 || VABF07 || "[[Love is in the N2-O2-Ar-CO2-Ne-He-CH4]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 588 - 2714 || February 21, 2016 || VABF06 || "[[Gal of Constant Sorrow]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 589 - 2715 || March 6, 2016 || VABF08 || "[[Lisa the Veterinarian]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 590 - 2716 || March 13, 2016 || VABF09 || "[[The Marge-ian Chronicles]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 591 - 2717 || April 3, 2016 || VABF10 || "[[The Burns Cage]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 592 - 2718 || April 10, 2016 || VABF11 || "[[How Lisa Got Her Marge Back]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 593 - 2719 || April 24, 2016 || VABF12 || "[[Fland Canyon]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 594 - 2720 || May 8, 2016 || VABF14 || "[[To Courier with Love]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 595 - 2721 || May 15, 2016 || VABF13 || "[[Simprovised]]" || TBA |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 596 - 2722 || May 22, 2016 || VABF15 || "[[Orange Is the New Yellow]]" || TBA |} === Season 28 === {{main|The Simpsons season 28}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=15% | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=25% | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=40% | Title ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | U.S. Viewers |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 597 - 2801 || September 25, 2016 || VABF20 || "[[Monty Burns' Fleeing Circus]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 598 - 2802 || October 2, 2016 || VABF18 || "[[Friends and Family]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 599 - 2803 || October 9, 2016 || VABF17 || "[[The Town]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 600 - 2804 || October 16, 2016 || VABF16 || "[[Treehouse of Horror XXVII]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 601 - 2805 || October 23, 2016 || VABF21 || "[[Trust but Clarify]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 602 - 2806 || November 6, 2016 || VABF22 || "[[There Will Be Buds]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 603 - 2807 || November 13, 2016 || VABF19 || "[[Havana Wild Weekend]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 604 - 2808 || November 20, 2016 || WABF01 || "[[Dad Behavior]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 605 - 2809 || December 4, 2016 || WABF03 || "[[The Last Traction Hero]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 606 - 2810 || December 11, 2016 || WABF02 || "[[The Nightmare After Krustmas]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 607 - 2811 || January 8, 2017 || WABF06 || "[[Pork and Burns]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 608 - 2812<br/>609 - 2813 || January 15, 2017 || WABF04<br/>WABF05 || "[[The Great Phatsby]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 610 - 2814 || February 12, 2017 || WABF07 || "[[Fatzcarraldo]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 611 - 2815 || February 19, 2017 || WABF08 || "[[The Cad and the Hat]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 612 - 2816 || March 5, 2017 || WABF09 || "[[Kamp Krustier]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 613 - 2817 || March 12, 2017 || WABF10 || "[[22 for 30]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 614 - 2818 || March 19, 2017 || WABF11 || "[[A Father's Watch]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 615 - 2819 || April 2, 2017 || WABF12 || "[[The Caper Chase]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 616 - 2820 || April 30, 2017 || WABF13 || "[[Looking for Mr. Goodbart]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 617 - 2821 || May 7, 2017 || VABF14 || "[[Moho House]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 618 - 2822 || May 21, 2017 || WABF15 || "[[Dogtown]]" || |} === Season 29 === {{main|The Simpsons season 29}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=15% | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=25% | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=40% | Title ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | U.S. Viewers |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 619 - 2901 || October 1, 2017 || WABF17 || "[[The Serfsons]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 620 - 2902 || October 8, 2017 || WABF22 || "[[Springfield Splendor]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 621 - 2903 || October 15, 2017 || WABF16 || "[[Whistler's Father]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 622 - 2904 || October 22, 2017 || WABF18 || "[[Treehouse of Horror XXVIII]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 623 - 2905 || November 5, 2017 || WABF19 || "[[Grampy Can Ya Hear Me]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 624 - 2906 || November 12, 2017 || WABF20 || "[[The Old Blue Mayer She Ain't What She Used to Be]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 625 - 2907 || November 19, 2017 || WABF21 || "[[Singin' in the Lane]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 626 - 2908 || December 3, 2017 || XABF01 || "[[Mr. Lisa's Opus]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 627 - 2909 || December 10, 2017 || XABF02 || "[[Gone Boy]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 628 - 2910 || January 7, 2018 || XABF03 || "[[Haw-Haw Land]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 629 - 2911 || January 14, 2018 || XABF04 || "[[Frink Gets Testy]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 630 - 2912 || March 18, 2018 || XABF05 || "[[Homer Is Where the Art Isn't]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 631 - 2913 || March 25, 2018 || XABF06 || "[[3 Scenes Plus a Tag from a Marriage]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 632 - 2914 || April 1, 2018 || XABF08 || "[[Fears of a Clown]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 633 - 2915 || April 8, 2018 || XABF07 || "[[No Good Read Goes Unpunished]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 634 - 2916 || April 15, 2018 || XABF10 || "[[King Leer]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 635 - 2917 || April 22, 2018 || XABF11 || "[[Lisa Gets the Blues]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 636 - 2918 || April 29, 2018 || XABF09 || "[[Forgive and Regret]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 637 - 2919 || May 6, 2018 || XABF12 || "[[Left Behind (The Simpsons)|Left Behind]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 638 - 2920 || May 13, 2018 || XABF13 || "[[Threw Grampa from the Dane]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 639 - 2921 || May 20, 2018 || XABF14 || "[[Flanders' Ladder]]" || |} === Season 30 === {{main|The Simpsons season 30}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=15% | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=25% | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=40% | Title ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | U.S. Viewers |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 640 - 3001 || September 30, 2018 || XABF19 || "[[Bart's Not Dead]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 641 - 3002 || October 7, 2018 || XABF15 || "[[Heartbreak Hotel (The Simpsons)|Heartbreak Hotel]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 642 - 3003 || October 14, 2018 || XABF17 || "[[My Way or the Highway to Heaven]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 643 - 3004 || October 21, 2018 || XABF16 || "[[Treehouse of Horror XXIX]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 644 - 3005 || November 4, 2018 || XABF18 || "[[Baby You Can't Drive My Car]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 645 - 3006 || November 11, 2018 || XABF20 || "[[From Russia Without Love]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 646 - 3007 || November 18, 2018 || XABF21 || "[[Werking Mom]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 647 - 3008 || November 25, 2018 || XABF22 || "[[Krusty the Clown (The Simpsons episode)|Krusty the Clown]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 648 - 3009 || December 2, 2018 || YABF01 || "[[Daddicus Finch]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 649 - 3010 || December 9, 2018 || YABF02 || "[['Tis the 30th Season]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 650 - 3011 || January 6, 2019 || YABF03 || "[[Mad About the Toy]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 651 - 3012 || January 13, 2019 || YABF04 || "[[The Girl on the Bus]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 652 - 3013 || February 10, 2019 || YABF06 || "[[I'm Dancing as Fast as I Can]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 653 - 3014 || February 17, 2019 || YABF05 || "[[The Clown Stays in the Picture]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 654 - 3015 || March 3, 2019 || YABF07 || "[[101 Mitigations]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 655 - 3016 || March 10, 2019 || YABF08 || "[[I Want You (She's So Heavy) (The Simpsons)|I Want You (She's So Heavy)]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 656 - 3017 || March 17, 2019 || YABF09 || "[[E My Sports]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 657 - 3018 || March 24, 2019 || YABF10 || "[[Bart vs. Itchy & Scratchy]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 658 - 3019 || March 31, 2019 || YABF11 || "[[Girls in the Band]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 659 - 3020 || April 7, 2019 || YABF12 || "[[I'm Just a Girl Who Can't Say D'oh]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 660 - 3021 || April 28, 2019 || YABF14 || "[[D'oh Canada]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 661 - 3022 || May 5, 2019 || YABF15 || "[[Woo-Hoo Dunnit?]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 662 - 3023 || May 12, 2019 || YABF16 || "[[Crystal Blue-Haired Persuasion]]" || |} === Season 31 === {{main|The Simpsons season 31}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=15% | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=25% | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=40% | Title ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | U.S. Viewers |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 663 - 3101 || September 29, 2019 || YABF19 || "[[The Winter of Our Monetized Content]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 664 - 3102 || October 6, 2019 || YABF21 || "[[Go Big or Go Homer]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 665 - 3103 || October 13, 2019 || YABF22 || "[[The Fat Blue Line]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 666 - 3104 || October 20, 2019 || YABF18 || "[[Treehouse of Horror XXX]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 667 - 3105 || November 3, 2019 || YABF20 || "[[Gorillas on the Mast]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 668 - 3106 || November 10, 2019 || ZABF02 || "[[Marge the Lumberjill]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 669 - 3107 || November 17, 2019 || ZABF03 || "[[Livin La Pura Vida]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 670 - 3108 || November 24, 2019 || YABF17 || "[[Thanksgiving of Horror]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 671 - 3109 || December 1, 2019 || ZABF04 || "[[Todd, Todd, Why Hast Thou Forsaken Me?]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 672 - 3110 || December 15, 2019 || ZABF01 || "[[Bobby, It's Cold Outside]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 673 - 3111 || January 5, 2020 || ZABF05 || "[[Hail to the Teeth]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 674 - 3112 || February 16, 2020 || ZABF06 || "[[The Miseducation of Lisa Simpson]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 675 - 3113 || February 23, 2020 || ZABF07 || "[[Frinkcoin]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 676 - 3114 || March 1, 2020 || ZABF08 || "[[Bart the Bad Guy]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 677 - 3115 || March 8, 2020 || ZABF09 || "[[Screenless]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 678 - 3116 || March 15, 2020 || ZABF11 || "[[Better Off Ned]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 679 - 3117 || March 22, 2020 || ZABF10 || "[[Highway to Well]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 680 - 3118 || April 19, 2020 || YABF13 || "[[The Incredible Lightness of Being a Baby]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 681 - 3119<br/>682 - 3120 || April 26, 2020<br/>May 3, 2020 || ZABF12<br/>ZABF13 || "[[Warrin' Priests]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 683 - 3121 || May 10, 2020 || ZABF14 || "[[The Hateful Eight-Year-Olds]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 684 - 3122 || May 17, 2020 || ZABF16 || "[[The Way of the Dog]]" || |} === Season 32 === {{main|The Simpsons season 32}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=15% | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=25% | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=40% | Title ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | U.S. Viewers |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 685 - 3201 || September 27, 2020 || ZABF19 || "[[Undercover Burns]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 686 - 3202 || October 4, 2020 || ZABF18 || "[[Treehouse of Horror XXXI]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 687 - 3203 || October 11, 2020 || ZABF21 || "[[I, Carumbus]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 688 - 3204 || November 1, 2020 || ZABF17 || "[[Now Museum, Now You Don't]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 689 - 3205 || November 8, 2020 || ZABF15 || "[[The 7 Beer Itch]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 690 - 3206 || November 15, 2020 || ZABF22 || "[[Podcast News]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 691 - 3207 || November 22, 2020 || QABF02 || "[[Three Dreams Denied]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 692 - 3208 || November 29, 2020 || ZABF20 || "[[The Road to Cincinnati]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 693 - 3209 || December 6, 2020 || QABF01 || "[[Sorry Not Sorry (The Simpsons)|Sorry Not Sorry]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 694 - 3210 || December 13, 2020 || QABF03 || "[[A Springfield Summer Christmas for Christmas]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 695 - 3211 || January 3, 2021 || QABF04 || "[[The Dad-Feelings Limited]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 696 - 3212 || February 21, 2021 || QABF05 || "[[Diary Queen]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 697 - 3213 || February 28, 2021 || QABF06 || "[[Wad Goals]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 698 - 3214 || March 7, 2021 || QABF07 || "[[Yokel Hero]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 699 - 3213 || March 14, 2021 || QABF08 || "[[Do Pizza Bots Dream of Electric Guitars]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 700 - 3216 || March 21, 2021 || QABF09 || "[[Manger Things]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 701 - 3217 || March 28, 2021 || QABF10 || "[[Uncut Femmes]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 702 - 3218 || April 11, 2021 || QABF11 || "[[Burger Kings]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 703 - 3219 || April 18, 2021 || QABF12 || "[[Panic on the Streets of Springfield]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 704 - 3220 || May 9, 2021 || QABF14 || "[[Mother and Child Reunion]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 705 - 3221 || May 16, 2021 || QABF13 || "[[The Man from G.R.A.M.P.A.]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 706 - 3222 || May 23, 2021 || QABF15 || "[[The Last Barfighter]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | |} === Season 33 === {{main|The Simpsons season 33}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=15% | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=25% | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=40% | Title ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | U.S. Viewers |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 707 - 3301 || September 26, 2021 || QABF17 || "[[The Star of the Backstage]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 708 - 3302 || October 3, 2021 || QABF18 || "[[Bart's in Jail!]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 709 - 3303 || October 10, 2021 || QABF16 || "[[Treehouse of Horror XXXII]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 710 - 3304 || October 17, 2021 || QABF19 || "[[The Wayz We Were]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 711 - 3305 || October 24, 2021 || QABF20 || "[[Lisa's Belly]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 712 - 3306<br/>713 - 3307 || November 7, 2021<br/>November 14, 2021 || QABF21<br/>QABF22 || "[[A Serious Flanders]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 714 - 3308 || November 21, 2021<br/>May 13, 2022 (Spain) || UABF01 || "[[Portrait of a Lackey on Fire]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 715 - 3309 || November 28, 2021 || UABF02 || "[[Mothers and Other Strangers]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 716 - 3310 || December 19, 2021 || UABF03 || "[[A Made Maggie]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 717 - 3311 || January 2, 2022 || UABF05 || "[[The Longest Marge]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 718 - 3312 || February 27, 2022 || UABF04 || "[[Pixelated and Afraid]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 719 - 3313 || March 6, 2022 || UABF06 || "[[Boyz N the Highlands]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 720 - 3314 || March 13, 2022 || UABF07 || "[[You Won't Believe What This Episode Is About – Act Three Will Shock You!]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 721 - 3315 || March 20, 2022 || UABF08 || "[[Bart the Cool Kid]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 722 - 3316 || March 27, 2022 || UABF09 || "[[Pretty Whittle Liar]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 723 - 3317 || April 10, 2022 || UABF10 || "[[The Sound of Bleeding Gums]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 724 - 3318 || April 24, 2022 || UABF11 || "[[My Octopus and a Teacher]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 725 - 3319 || May 1, 2022 || UABF12 || "[[Girls Just Shuana Have Fun]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 726 - 3320 || May 15, 2022 || UABF13 || "[[Meat Is Murder (The Simpsons)|Meat Is Murder]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 727 - 3321 || May 22, 2022 || UABF14 || "[[Poorhouse Rock]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 728 - 3322 || May 8, 2022 || UABF15 || "[[Marge the Meanie]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | |} === Season 34 === {{main|The Simpsons season 34}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=15% | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=25% | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" | Title |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 729 - 3401 || September 25, 2022 || UABF16 || "[[Habeas Tortoise]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 730 - 3402 || October 2, 2022 || UABF19 || "[[One Angry Lisa]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 731 - 3403 || October 9, 2022 || UABF21 || "[[Lisa the Boy Scout]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 732 - 3404 || October 16, 2022 || UABF20 || "[[The King of Nice]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 733 - 3405 || October 23, 2022 || UABF17 || "[[Not It]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 734 - 3406 || October 30, 2022 || UABF18 || "[[Treehouse of Horror XXXIII]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 735 - 3407 || November 13, 2022 || OABF01 || "[[From Beer to Paternity]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 736 - 3408 || November 20, 2022 || UABF22 || "[[Step Brother from the Same Planet]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 737 - 3409 || November 27, 2022 || OABF02 || "[[When Nelson Met Lisa]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 738 - 3410 || December 4, 2022 || OABF03 || "[[Game Done Changed]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 739 - 3411 || December 11, 2022 || OABF04 || "[[Top Goon]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 740 - 3412 || January 1, 2023 || OABF05 || "[[My Life as a Vlog]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 741 - 3413 || February 19, 2023 || OABF06 || "[[The Many Saints of Springfield]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 742 - 3414 || February 26, 2023 || OABF07 || "[[Carl Carlson Rides Again]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 743 - 3415 || March 5, 2023 || OABF08 || "[[Bartless]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 744 - 3416 || March 12, 2023 || OABF09 || "[[Hostile Kirk Place]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 745 - 3417 || March 19, 2023 || OABF10 || "[[Pin Gal]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 746 - 3418 || April 23, 2023 || OABF11 || "[[Fan-ily Feud]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 747 - 3419 || April 30, 2023 || OABF12 || "[[Write Off This Episode]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 748 - 3420 || May 7, 2023 || OABF14 || "[[The Very Hungry Caterpillars]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 749 - 3421 || May 14, 2023 || OABF15 || "[[Clown V. Board of Education]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 750 - 3422 || May 21, 2023 || OABF13 || "[[Homer's Adventures Through the Windshield Glass]]" |} === Season 35 === {{main|The Simpsons season 35}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=15% | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=25% | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" | Title |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 751 - 3501 || October 1, 2023 || OABF18 || "[[Homer's Crossing]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 752 - 3502 || October 8, 2023 || OABF16 || "[[A Mid-Childhood Night's Dream]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 753 - 3503 || October 22, 2023 || OABF20 || "[[McMansion & Wife]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 754 - 3504 || October 29, 2023 || OABF21 || "[[Thirst Trap: A Corporate Love Story]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 755 - 3505 || November 5, 2023 || OABF17 || "[[Treehouse of Horror XXXIV]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 756 - 3506 || November 12, 2023 || OABF22 || "[[Iron Marge]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 757 - 3507 || November 19, 2023 || OABF19 || "[[It's a Blunderful Life]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 758 - 3508 || December 3, 2023 || 35ABF02 || "[[Ae Bonny Romance]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 759 - 3509 || December 17, 2023 || 35ABF04 || "[[Murder, She Boat]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 760 - 3510 || December 24, 2023 || 35ABF01 || "[[Do the Wrong Thing]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 761 - 3511 || February 18, 2024 || 35ABF03 || "[[Frinkenstein's Monster]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 762 - 3512 || February 25, 2024 || 35ABF05 || "[[Lisa Gets an F1]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 763 - 3513 || March 24, 2024 || 35ABF06 || "[[Clan of the Cave Mom]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 764 - 3514 || April 7, 2024 || 35ABF07 || "[[Night of the Living Wage]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 765 - 3515 || April 21, 2024 || 35ABF09 || "[[Cremains of the Day]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 766 - 3516 || May 5, 2024 || 35ABF10 || "[[The Tell-Tale Pants]]" |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 767 - 3517 || May 12, 2024 || 35ABF11 || "[[The Tipping Point]]" |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 768 - 3518 || May 19, 2024 || 35ABF12 || "[[Bart's Brain]]" |} === Season 36 === {{main|The Simpsons season 36}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=15% | # ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=25% | Original airdate ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | Prod. Code ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=40% | Title ! style="background-color: #fada00" width=10% | U.S. Viewers |- style="background-color: #FFF4a7" | | 769 - 3601 || September 29, 2024 || 35ABF15 || "[[Bart's Birthday]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 770 - 3602 || October 6, 2024 || 35ABF08 || "[[The Yellow Lotus]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 771 - 3603 || October 20, 2024 || 35ABF18 || "[[Desperately Seeking Lisa]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 772 - 3604 || October 27, 2024 || 35ABF16 || "[[Shoddy Heat]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 773 - 3605 || November 3, 2024 || 35ABF13 || "[[Treehouse of Horror XXXV]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 774 - 3606 || December 15, 2024 || 36ABF03 || "[[Homer and Her Sisters]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF" | | 775 - 3607 || December 17, 2024 || 35ABF21; 35ABF22 || "[[O C’mon All Ye Daithful]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF | | 776 - 3608 || December 22, 2025 || 36ABF02 || "[[The Man Who Flew Too Much]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF | | 777 - 3609 || December 29, 2024 || 36ABF04 || "[[Bottle Episode]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF | | 778 - 3610 || February 12, 2025 || 35ABF19 || "[[The Past and the Furious]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF | | 779 - 3611 || March 30, 2025 || 36ABF05 || "[[The Flandshees of Innersimpson]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF | | 780 - 3612 || April 6, 2025 || 36ABF06 || "[[The Last Man Expanding]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF | | 781 - 3613 || April 13, 2025 || 36ABF07 || "[[P.S. I Hate You]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF | | 782 - 3614 || April 22, 2025 || 35ABF20 || "[[Yellow Planet]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF | | 783 - 3615 || April 27, 2025 || 36ABF08 || "[[Abe League of Their Moe]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF | | 784 - 3616 || May 4, 2025 || 36ABF09 || "[[Stew Lies]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF | | 785 - 3617 || May 11, 2025 || 36ABF10 || "[[Full Heart, Empty Pool]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF | | 786 - 3618 || May 18, 2025 || 36ABF11 || "[[Estranger Things]]" || |- style="background-color: #FFFFFF |} ==Treehouse of Horror episodes== * [[List of The Simpsons Treehouse of Horror episodes]] ==References== {{reflist}} * {{cite book |last=Richmond |first=Ray |author2= Antonia Coffman |title=The Simpsons: A Complete Guide to our Favorite Family |url=https://archive.org/details/simpsonscomplete00groe |year=1997 |publisher=Harper Collins Publishers |isbn=0-00-638898-1}} * {{cite book |last=Gimple |first=Scott M. |author2= Matt Groening |title= The Simpsons Forever!: A Complete Guide to Our Favorite Family ...Continued |url=https://archive.org/details/simpsonsforever00matt |publisher= [[HarperCollins]] |date= December 1, 1999 | isbn= 978-0-060-98763-3}} * {{cite book |last=McCann |first=Jesse L. |authorlink=Jesse McCann |author2= Matt Groening |title= The Simpsons Beyond Forever!: A Complete Guide to Our Favorite Family ...Still Continued |url=https://archive.org/details/simpsonsbeyondfo0000groe_z8c4 |publisher= HarperCollins |date= 2002 |isbn= 0-06-050592-3}} * {{cite book |last=McCann |first=Jesse L. |author2= Matt Groening |title=The Simpsons One Step Beyond Forever!: A Complete Guide to Our Favorite Family ...Continued Yet Again |url=https://archive.org/details/simpsonsonestepb00matt |publisher= HarperCollins |date= 2005 |isbn= 0-06-081754-2}} * Official episode guide at the [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] website [http://www.thesimpsons.com TheSimpsons.com]. Retrieved on November 22, 2008 * [http://www.snpp.com/episodes.html Episode list] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208140620/http://www.snpp.com/episodes.html |date=2013-02-08 }} at [[The Simpsons Archive]]. Retrieved on June 7, 2006 * [http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releaselist.cfm?ShowID=3824&Studio=2 DVD release dates] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095923/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releaselist.cfm?ShowID=3824&Studio=2 |date=2007-09-29 }} at [[TVShowsOnDVD.com]]. Retrieved on June 7, 2006 {{The Simpsons}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Simpsons episodes, List of}} [[Category:Lists of animated television series episodes]] [[Category:Lists of comedy television series episodes]] [[Category:The Simpsons episodes| ]] b42x396l3ufo4quc64bt9zi8g7d2das 0 89852 10368198 10367342 2025-07-02T20:16:21Z 217.65.134.11 This is not traditional Romani clothing. 10368198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Romani people | image = [[File:Romani people around the world.svg|center|frameless|260x260px]] | image_caption = | flag = Roma flag.svg | flag_caption = [[Flag of the Romani people|Romani flag]] created in 1933 and accepted at the 1971 World Romani Congress | pop = 2–20 million | region1 = {{flag|Turkey}} | pop1 = 2,750,000 | region2 = {{flag|Romania}} | pop2 = 1,850,000 | region3 = {{flag|Bulgaria}} | pop3 = 750,000 | ref3 = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://commission.europa.eu/content/roma-equality-inclusion-and-participation-eu-country/bulgaria_en|title=Bulgaria|website=commission.europa.eu}}</ref> | region6 = {{flag|Hungary}} | pop6 = 700,000<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://commission.europa.eu/content/roma-equality-inclusion-and-participation-eu-country/hungary_en|title=Hungary|website=commission.europa.eu}}</ref> | region4 = {{flag|Spain}} | pop4 = 725,000 | ref4 = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://commission.europa.eu/content/roma-equality-inclusion-and-participation-eu-country/spain_en|title=Spain|website=commission.europa.eu}}</ref> | region5 = {{flag|Russia}} | pop5 = 720,000 | region7 = {{flag|Slovakia}} | pop7 = 500,000 | ref7 = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://commission.europa.eu/content/roma-equality-inclusion-and-participation-eu-country/slovakia_en|title=Slovakia|website=commission.europa.eu}}</ref> | region9 = {{flag|Greece}} | pop9 = 265,000 | ref9 = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://commission.europa.eu/content/roma-equality-inclusion-and-participation-eu-country/greece_en|title=Greece|website=commission.europa.eu}}</ref> | region10 = {{flag|Czech Republic}} | pop10 = 250,000 | ref10 = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://commission.europa.eu/content/roma-equality-inclusion-and-participation-eu-country/czech-republic_en|title=Czech Republic|website=commission.europa.eu}}</ref> | region11 = {{flag|Italy}} | pop11 = 140,000 | ref11 = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://commission.europa.eu/content/roma-equality-inclusion-and-participation-eu-country/italy_en|title=Italy|website=commission.europa.eu}}</ref> | region8 = {{flag|France}} | pop8 = 400,000 | ref8 = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://commission.europa.eu/content/roma-equality-inclusion-and-participation-eu-country/france_en|title=France|website=commission.europa.eu}}</ref> | region12 = {{flag|Germany}} | pop12 = 105,000 | ref12 = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://commission.europa.eu/content/roma-equality-inclusion-and-participation-eu-country/germany_en|title=Germany|website=commission.europa.eu}}</ref> | languages = [[Romani language|Romani]], languages of native regions | rels = mainly [[Christianity]] and [[Islam]], minorities practice [[Buddhism]], [[Judaism]] and [[Bahá'í Faith]] }} [[File:Encampment of Gypsies with Caravans.jpg|thumb| ''Encampment of Gypsies with [[Caravan]]s'' by [[Vincent van Gogh]] (1888).]][[File:NMA.0080538 Romsk boplats Södra folkparken Västberga-folkpark--exteriör.jpg|thumb|A Romani settlement/camp in a [[park]] in [[Stockholm]] (1931).]][[File:Kolme romaninaista.jpg|thumb|Three Finnish Romani women in [[Helsinki]], [[Finland]] (1930s).]][[File:Romani prisoners at Belzec labor camp.jpg|thumb|Romani prisoners at [[Belzec extermination camp]] (1940).]][[File:SettelaSteinbach.jpg|thumb|A [[Netherlands|Dutch]] Romani girl is [[Deportation|deported]] to [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz extermination camp]] (1944).]][[File:Gypsies camping - probably Swansea (20740154331).jpg|thumb|A Romani camp in [[Wales]] (1953).]][[File:Great Dorset Steam Fair 2007 - 1331363507.jpg|thumb|A Romanichal wagon at the Great [[Dorset]] Steam Fair (2007).]]The '''Roma'''{{efn|Also known as the '''Romani people'''.|group=lower-alpha}} are an [[Indo-Aryan people|Indo-Aryan]] [[ethnic group]]. The Roma [[wikt:originate|originated]] from [[India]], but they [[Migration|migrated]] [[wikt:westward|westward]] around 500 [[Anno Domini|AD]] and arrived in [[Europe]] around 1000 AD.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.swaveda.com/2004/06/02/the-lost-tribes-of-india/ | title=The Lost Tribes of India | date=2 June 2004 }}</ref>{{better source|date=May 2025}} ==Genetics== [[Genetics|Genetic]] [[Research|studies]] show that the Roma share [[Ancestor|ancestry]] with various groups from the [[Indian subcontinent]]. The studies prove this by finding similarities between [[DNA]] [[Pattern|patterns]] in the different groups.<ref name=":0" /><ref> * {{cite journal |journal=BMC Medical Genetics |title=Genetic studies of the Roma (Gypsies): a review |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1471-2350-2-5 |last1=Kalaydjieva |first1=Luba |last2=Gresham |first2=David |last3=Calafell |first3=Francesc |volume=2 |issue=5 |date=April 2, 2001 |access-date=December 12, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Bernhard Streck (Hg.): Segmentation und Komplementarität |title=The Roma – a Nation Without a State? Historical Background and Contemporary Tendencies |url=https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/45267825/owh6marushiakova_01-libre.pdf?1462176089=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DThe_Roma_a_Nation_without_a_State_Histor.pdf&Expires=1733970616&Signature=P-8okAmm6Owkw0evGvPSkBkYKUsKVMh8YrBHGxsRMR1pEoc3Cfg0~YvBeCm-LC3UXCu43DcHlHiN-Buf724TmagKPZLaz1UI9SXThUF0tDhPsL~GsKc~ci009ItJOrkWYzT1qxTcZu3OrVFkJi8hH0T4vlG2BCxR4u6nMsiwT7AbsDM1UsWBjm7tJVl67khGxBPHNgRmizRnqvlAVQMo7C6Gw9LZy7co0b8NO1YKEq3DvyOKi8UOmY12Gvd0nfKv6N3m1h7XZZX-h8aWom7VvgPkA~QRi0vS6uv~FPzsR0iemRSeSWsvdfT0cLWCc-~ka5cfUXv~e05ERKbIt5At0Q__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA |last1=Marushiakova |first1=Elena |last2=Popov |first2=Vesselin |year=2004 |access-date=December 12, 2024}} * {{Cite journal|last1=Rai|first1=Niraj|last2=Chaubey|first2=Gyaneshwer|last3=Tamang|first3=Rakesh|last4=Pathak|first4=Ajai Kumar|last5=Singh|first5=Vipin Kumar|last6=Karmin|first6=Monika|last7=Singh|first7=Manvendra|last8=Rani|first8=Deepa Selvi|last9=Anugula|first9=Sharath|last10=Yadav|first10=Brijesh Kumar|last11=Singh|first11=Ashish|date=November 1, 2012|title=The Phylogeography of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup H1a1a-M82 Reveals the Likely Indian Origin of the European Romani Populations|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=7|issue=11|pages=e48477|bibcode=2012PLoSO...748477R|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0048477|pmc=3509117|pmid=23209554|doi-access=free|first12=Ramkumar|last12=Srinivasagan|first13=Anita|last13=Yadav|first14=Manju|last14=Kashyap|first15=Sapna|last15=Narvariya|first16=Alla G.|last16=Reddy|first17=George|last17=van Driem|first18=Peter A.|last18=Underhill|first19=Richard|last19=Villems|first20=Toomas|last20=Kivisild|first21=Lalji|last21=Singh|first22=Kumarasamy|last22=Thangaraj}} * {{cite journal |journal=Plos One |title=Reconstructing Roma History from Genome-Wide Data |url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0058633 |last1=Moorjani |first1=Priya |last2=Patterson |first2=Nick |last3=Loh |first3=Po-Ru |last4=Lipson |first4=Mark |last5=Kisfali |first5=Péter |last6=Melegh |first6=Bela I. |last7=Bonin |first7=Michael |last8=Kádaši |first8=Ľudevít |last9=Rieß |first9=Olaf |last10=Berger |first10=Bonnie |last11=Reich |first11=David |last12=Melegh |first12=Béla |volume=8 |issue=3 |date=March 13, 2013 |location=[[Oxford]], [[United Kingdom]] |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0058633 |access-date=December 12, 2024}} * {{cite book |title=The World in Movement |chapter=Chapter 2 The Diasporic Identity of the Roma People |url=https://brill.com/display/book/9789004385405/BP000002.xml |last=Segarra |first=Marta |pages=75–87 |year=2019 |location=[[Leiden]], [[The Netherlands]] |doi=10.1163/9789004385405_004 |access-date=December 12, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=Genes |title=Population Genetics of the European Roma—A Review |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/11/2068 |last1=Ena |first1=Giacomo Francesco |last2=Aizpurua-Iraola |first2=Julen |last3=Font-Porterias |first3=Neus |last4=Calafell |first4=Calafell |last5=Comas |first5=David |volume=13 |issue=11 |date=November 8, 2022 |doi=10.3390/genes13112068 |access-date=December 12, 2024}}</ref> ===Research=== [[Genetics|Genetic]] studies have found similarities between the [[DNA]] of Roma and: * [[Jats]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Nagy|first1=Melinda|last2=Henke|first2=Lotte|last3=Henke|first3=Jürgen|last4=Chatthopadhyay|first4=Prasanta K.|last5=Völgyi|first5=Antónia|last6=Zalán|first6=Andrea|last7=Peterman|first7=Orsolya|last8=Bernasovská|first8=Jarmila|last9=Pamjav|first9=Horolma|date=June 14, 2007|title=Searching for the origin of Romanies: Slovakian Romani, Jats of Haryana and Jat Sikhs Y-STR data in comparison with different Romani populations|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379073806005238|journal=Forensic Science International|volume=169|issue=1|pages=19–26|doi=10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.07.020|pmid=16950585|via=ScienceDirect}}</ref> * [[Dalit|Dalits]]{{efn|"Low [[Caste system in India|caste]] [people] who migrated from the Indian subcontinent 1,400 years ago"<ref name=":0" />|group=lower-alpha}} * [[Brahmin|Brahmins]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sharma|first1=Swarkar|last2=Rai|first2=Ekta|last3=Sharma|first3=Prithviraj|last4=Jena|first4=Mamata|last5=Singh|first5=Shweta|last6=Darvishi|first6=Katayoon|last7=Bhat|first7=Audesh K.|last8=Bhanwer|first8=A. J. S.|last9=Tiwari|first9=Pramod Kumar|last10=Bamezai|first10=Rameshwar N. K.|date=January 29, 2009|title=The Indian origin of paternal haplogroup R1a1* substantiates the autochthonous origin of Brahmins and the caste system|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/jhg20082|journal=Journal of Human Genetics|volume=54|issue=1|pages=47–55|doi=10.1038/jhg.2008.2|pmid=19158816|via=www.nature.com|s2cid=22162114}}</ref> * People from [[Sindh]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 25, 2006|title=HYDERABAD: Gypsies hail from Sindh, claims Dr Kazi|url=http://beta.dawn.com/news/211876/hyderabad-gypsies-hail-from-sindh-claims-dr-kazi|website=DAWN.COM}}</ref> * [[South India|South Indian]] [[Tamil people|Tamils]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Palanichamy|first1=M. G.|last2=Mitra|first2=B.|last3=Debnath|first3=M.|last4=Agrawal|first4=S.|last5=Chaudhuri|first5=T. K.|last6=Zhang|first6=Y. P.|year=2014|title=Tamil Merchant in Ancient Mesopotamia|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=9|issue=10|pages=e109331|bibcode=2014PLoSO...9j9331P|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0109331|pmc=4192148|pmid=25299580|doi-access=free}}</ref> * The [[Chandala]] and [[Shudra]] castes<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last1=Nelson|first1=Dean|title=European Roma descended from Indian 'untouchables', genetic study shows|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/9719058/European-Roma-descended-from-Indian-untouchables-genetic-study-shows.html|work=The Telegraph|date=3 December 2012}}</ref> ===Further evidence=== Romani [[Newborn|newborns]] from various countries have a [[birthmark]] called the "[[Mongolian spot]]", which is common in [[Asia]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Gupta|first1=D.|last2=Thappa|first2=D. M.|date=30 June 2013|title=Mongolian spots|url=https://ijdvl.com/mongolian-spots/|journal=Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology|volume=79|issue=4|pages=469–478|doi=10.4103/0378-6323.113074|pmid=23760316|doi-access=free}}</ref> Many Romani men from the Zargari [[tribe]] in [[Qazvin Province]] and [[Iran]] are [[Congenital|born with]] a rare condition called ''[[aposthia]]'', where the [[foreskin]] is missing or very short.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sadeghipour Roudsari|first1=Sadegh|last2=Roudsari|first2=Sadegh Sadeghipour|last3=Esmailzadehha|first3=Neda|year=2010|title=Aposthia: A case report|url=https://www.academia.edu/494988|journal=Journal of Pediatric Surgery|volume=45|issue=8|pages=e17–e19|doi=10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2010.05.030|pmid=20713198}}</ref> ===Genetic changes=== After the [[Ottoman Empire]] [[wikt:conquer|conquered]] the [[Balkans]] and [[Byzantine Empire]], Roma [[wikt:intermarriage|intermarried]] with [[Ottoman Turkey|Ottoman Turks]]. When they had children, DNA from the Roma and the Turks mixed together.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bánfai |first1=Zsolt |last2=Melegh |first2=Béla I. |last3=Sümegi |first3=Katalin |last4=Hadzsiev |first4=Kinga |last5=Miseta |first5=Attila |last6=Kásler |first6=Miklós |last7=Melegh |first7=Béla |title=Revealing the Genetic Impact of the Ottoman Occupation on Ethnic Groups of East-Central Europe and on the Roma Population of the Area |journal=Frontiers in Genetics |date=13 June 2019 |volume=10 |page=558 |doi=10.3389/fgene.2019.00558 |pmid=31263480 |pmc=6585392 |doi-access=free}}</ref> This is called [[gene flow]]. Roma are now [[wikt:scatter|scattered]] across the [[globe]]. Much of the DNA in these countries' [[Population|inhabitants]] has flowed into the Roma via intermarriages.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Origins, admixture and founder lineages in European Roma|first1=Begoña|last1=Martínez-Cruz|first2=Isabel|last2=Mendizabal|first3=Christine|last3=Harmant|first4=Rosario|last4=de Pablo|first5=Mihai|last5=Ioana|first6=Dora|last6=Angelicheva|first7=Anastasia|last7=Kouvatsi|first8=Halyna|last8=Makukh|first9=Mihai G.|last9=Netea|first10=Horolma|last10=Pamjav|first11=Andrea|last11=Zalán|first12=Ivailo|last12=Tournev|first13=Elena|last13=Marushiakova|first14=Vesselin|last14=Popov|first15=Jaume|last15=Bertranpetit|first16=Luba|last16=Kalaydjieva|first17=Lluis|last17=Quintana-Murci|first18=David|last18=Comas|date=June 29, 2016|journal=European Journal of Human Genetics|volume=24|issue=6|pages=937–943|doi=10.1038/ejhg.2015.201|pmid=26374132 |pmc=4867443 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1008417|pmc=6779411 |year=2019 |last1=Font-Porterias |first1=N. |last2=Arauna |first2=L. R. |last3=Poveda |first3=A. |last4=Bianco |first4=E. |last5=Rebato |first5=E. |last6=Prata |first6=M. J. |last7=Calafell |first7=F. |last8=Comas |first8=D. |title=European Roma groups show complex West Eurasian admixture footprints and a common South Asian genetic origin |journal=PLOS Genetics |volume=15 |issue=9 |pages=e1008417 |pmid=31545809 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ==Early history== Historians believe that the [[wikt:remnant|remnants]] from the [[Indo-Greek Kingdom|Indo-Greeks]], the Atsinganos left the Indian subcontinent as [[Trade|traders]]. During the European [[migration period]] in the [[4th century|4th]] to [[6th century|6th centuries]], they traveled through the [[Byzantine Empire]] into [[Egypt]], using the [[Silk Road]]. They lived in Egypt for [[Century|centuries]].<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/603404|title=Epigraphic Remains of Indian Traders in Egypt|author=Salomon, Richard|year=1991|journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society|volume=111|issue=4|pages=731–736|via=JSTOR|doi=10.2307/603404|jstor=603404 }}</ref> Around the [[12th century|12th]] or [[13th century|13th centuries]] – following the [[Crusades]] – the Roma reached the [[Balkans]]. From there, the Roma spread across [[Western Europe]].<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44324706 | jstor=44324706 | title=The "Banyan" or Indian Presence at Massawa, the Dahlak Islands and the Horn of Africa | last1=Pankhurst | first1=Richard | journal=Journal of Ethiopian Studies | year=1974 | volume=12 | issue=1 | pages=185–212 }}</ref> They crossed Europe aboard large [[Caravan (travellers)|caravans]], which contained all of their belongings.<ref name="routard">{{cite web|url=https://www.routard.com/mag_dossiers/id_dm/56/ordre/3.htm|title=Gitans, manouches et tsiganes : la route du Rom|website=Routard.com}}</ref> ==Persecution== The Roma have been [[Victim|victims]] of [[persecution]] and [[Institutional racism|systemic discrimination]] in [[List of European countries|Europe]] for [[Century|centuries]].<ref> * {{cite book |title=The Subtlety of Racism: From Antiziganism to Romaphobia |url=https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/the-subtlety-of-racism-from-antiziganism-to-romaphobia |last=Vrabiescu |first=I.C. |year=2014 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{Cite book|title=We are the Romani people: ame sam e Rromane džene|last=Hancock|first=Ian F.|date=2017|publisher=University of Hertfordshire Press|isbn=978-1-902806-19-8|edition=reprinted|location=Hatfield}} * {{cite journal |journal=Ethnic and Racial Studies |title=From tackling antigypsyism to remedying racial injustice |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01419870.2021.1972126 |last=Rovid |first=Marton |volume=45 |issue=9 |pages=1738–1759 |doi=10.1080/01419870.2021.1972126 |date=September 13, 2021 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=Journal of European Integration |title=The Roma and the double-movement of Social Europe |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07036337.2023.2298850 |last=Ryder |first=Andrew |date=January 3, 2024 |volume=46 |issue=3 |pages=387–404 |doi=10.1080/07036337.2023.2298850 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Brandeis University |title=Mare Manuschenge. Sinti and Roma: A century between persecution, resistance and self-empowerment |url=https://www.brandeis.edu/cges/news-events/fall-2024/241015-alexandrasenfft.html |date=August 20, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=European Network Against Racism |title=Antigypsyism - European Network Against Racism |url=https://www.enar-eu.org/about/antigypsyism |access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref><ref> * {{cite journal |journal=American Behavioral Scientist |title=The Persecution of Gypsies in Europe |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00027640121957367 |last=Brearley |first=Margaret |volume=45 |issue=4 |year=2001 |doi=10.1177/00027640121957367 |access-date=December 11, 2024}} * {{cite book |title=The Roma - A Minority in Europe: Historical, Political and Social Perspectives |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7829/j.ctt1cgf80x |last1=Stauber |first1=Roni |last2=Vago |first2=Raphael |year=2007 |publisher=Central European University Press |jstor=10.7829/j.ctt1cgf80x |access-date=December 11, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=Croatian yearbook of European law & policy |title=Anti-discrimination policy and the Roma: Assessing the impact of EU enlargement |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/44789 |last=Ram |first=Melanie H. |year=2007 |access-date=December 11, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=New Faces of Antigypsyism in Modern Europe |title=History of antigypsyism in Europe: The social causes |url=https://www.rcc.int/romaintegration2020/romadecadefold/documents/3.%20Thematic%20workshops/21%20June%202012%20-%20New%20faces%20of%20antigypsyism%20in%20modern%20Europe,%20Prague/New%20Faces%20of%20Anti-Gypsyism%20in%20Modern%20Europe.pdf#page=9 |last=End |first=Markus |year=2012 |location=[[Berlin]], [[Germany]] |access-date=December 11, 2024}} * {{cite book |title=Race, Racism and Social Work |chapter=Six: Anti-Roma racism in Europe: past and recent perspectives |url=https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/edcollchap/book/9781447307099/ch006.xml |last1=Urh |first1=Špela |last2=Lavalette |first2=Michael |last3=Penketh |first3=Laura |pages=115–130 |doi=10.51952/9781447307099.ch006 |date=December 30, 2013 |access-date=December 11, 2024}}</ref> The persecutions were mostly motivated by anti-Romani sentiment, academically known as '''antiziganism'''.<ref name="Definition1">{{cite web |website=International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) |title=Working definition of antigypsyism/anti-Roma discrimination |url=https://holocaustremembrance.com/resources/working-definition-antigypsyism-anti-roma-discrimination |access-date=December 11, 2024 |quote=Antigypsyism/anti-Roma [[discrimination]] is a [[wikt:manifestation|manifestation]] of [[individual]] expressions and acts as well as [[Institutional racism|institutional policies and practices of marginalization, exclusion, physical violence, devaluation]] of Roma cultures and lifestyles, and [[hate speech]] directed at Roma as well as [[The Holocaust#Other victims of Nazism|other individuals and groups]] [[Perception|perceived]], [[Social stigma|stigmatized]], or [[Persecution|persecuted]] during the [[Nazi Germany#History|Nazi era]], and [[21st century|still today]], as “Gypsies.”}}</ref><ref name="Definition2"> * {{cite web |website=Kommissionen mot Antiziganism |title=About antiziganism |url=https://www.minoritet.se/user/motantiziganism/antiziganism/index.html |access-date=December 11, 2024 |quote=Antiziganism or anti-Gypsyism, is the particular [[Institutional racism|racist structure]], [[ideology]] and [[Hostility|hostile]] [[prejudice]] targeted at Roma. It seeks to [[Dehumanization|dehumanise]], [[Alienation|alienate]] and drive away Roma precisely because they are Roma.}} * {{cite book |title=Antiziganism: What's in a Word? |url=https://www.cambridgescholars.com/product/978-1-4438-7226-3 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=1-4438-7226-1 |date=March 18, 2015 |access-date=June 1, 2021}}</ref> The ''Egyptians Act of 1530'' forced the Roma to leave England. Around 10,000 of these people went to the [[Ottoman Empire]] and became [[Muslims]]. Their [[Descendant|descendants]] still call themselves Egyptians.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cressy|first1=David|year=2016|title=Trouble with Gypsies in Early Modern England|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/abs/trouble-with-gypsies-in-early-modern-england/D93181E028BCC1C2E2D8962C6B607552|journal=The Historical Journal|volume=59|pages=45–70|doi=10.1017/S0018246X15000278|s2cid=162837563}}</ref> The International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) adopted an official definition for antiziganism on October 8, 2020:<ref name="Definition1" /> {| {{table|hide|sort}} ! !! Working definition of antigypsyism/anti-Roma discrimination{{efn|The word '''anti-Roma racism''' is also recommended for use.<ref name="Definition1" />|group=lower-alpha}} |- ! | * Distorting or denying persecution of Roma or the [[genocide]] of the Roma. * Glorifying the genocide of the Roma. * Inciting, justifying, and perpetrating [[violence]] against Roma communities, their [[Private property|property]], and individual Roma. * Forced and [[Coercion|coercive]] [[Sterilisation|sterilizations]] as well as other physically and psychologically [[Abuse|abusive]] treatment of Roma. * Perpetuating and affirming [[Discrimination|discriminatory]] [[Stereotype|stereotypes]] of and against Roma. * Blaming Roma, using [[hate speech]], for real or perceived social, political, cultural, economic and [[public health]] problems. * Stereotyping Roma as persons who engage in [[Crime|criminal]] [[behavior]]. * Using the term “Gypsy” as a [[Pejorative|slur]]. * Approving or encouraging exclusionary mechanisms directed against Roma on the basis of racially discriminatory assumptions, such as the exclusion from regular schools and [[Institutional racism|institutional]] procedures or policies that lead to the [[Racial segregation|segregation]] of Roma communities. * Enacting policies without legal basis or establishing the conditions that allow for the arbitrary or discriminatory displacement of Roma communities and individuals. * Holding Roma collectively responsible for the real or perceived actions of individual members of Roma communities. * Spreading hate speech against Roma communities in whatever form, for example in [[Mass media|media]], including on the [[internet]] and on [[Social network service|social networks]]. |- |} ==Genocide== In addition to [[the Holocaust]], [[Adolf Hitler]] and [[Nazi Germany]] committed a [[genocide]]<ref name="USHMM">{{Cite web|last=The Holocaust Encyclopedia|title=Genocide of European Roma (Gypsies), 1939–1945|url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/genocide-of-european-roma-gypsies-1939-1945|access-date=2024-09-27|website=[[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]]|language=en}}</ref> against the Roma.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-04-02|title=Holocaust Memorial Day: 'Forgotten Holocaust' of Roma finally acknowledged in Germany - Telegraph|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-two/8284274/Holocaust-Memorial-Day-Forgotten-Holocaust-of-Roma-finally-acknowledged-in-Germany.html|access-date=2024-09-27|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2017-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807020735/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-two/8284274/Holocaust-Memorial-Day-Forgotten-Holocaust-of-Roma-finally-acknowledged-in-Germany.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=OSCE human rights chief welcomes declaration of official Roma genocide remembrance day in Poland|url=https://www.osce.org/odihr/81364|access-date=2024-09-28|website=www.osce.org|language=en}}</ref> The Nazis considered the Roma an "inferior [[Race (sociology)|race]]".<ref name="USHMM" /><ref> * {{cite journal |journal=Journal of Genocide Research |title=Unmarked graves: The destruction of the Yugoslav Roma in the Balkan Holocaust, 1941–1945 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14623529908413936 |last=Reinhartz |first=Dennis |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=81–89 |doi=10.1080/14623529908413936 |year=1999 |quote=Published online: 09 Nov 2007}} * {{cite journal |journal=Holocaust and Genocide Studies |title=Were the “Chingené” Victims of the Holocaust? Nazi Policy toward the Crimean Roma, 1941–1944 |url=https://academic.oup.com/hgs/article-abstract/23/1/26/634033 |last=Tyaglyy |first=Mikhail |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=26–53 |doi=10.1093/hgs/dcp015 |date=March 1, 2009 |access-date=December 11, 2024}} * {{cite book |title=Traitors, Collaborators and Deserters in Contemporary European Politics of Memory |chapter=Collaboration and the Genocide of Roma in Poland |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-66496-5_9 |last=Kapralski |first=Sławomir |pages=215–240 |date=December 3, 2017 |access-date=December 11, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=Nationalities Paper |title=Babi Yar and the Nazi Genocide of Roma: Memory Narratives and Memory Practices in Ukraine |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/nationalities-papers/article/babi-yar-and-the-nazi-genocide-of-roma-memory-narratives-and-memory-practices-in-ukraine/DF98FCF821384B0FDCE6A437D70F2ACA |last=Kotljarchuk |first=Andrej |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=450–470 |publisher=[[University of Cambridge|Cambridge University]] Press |doi=10.1017/nps.2021.4 |date=April 30, 2021 |access-date=December 11, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=The Brussels Times |title=European Commission commemorates Roma Holocaust Memorial Day on 2 August |url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/1165961/european-commission-commemorates-roma-holocaust-memorial-day-on-2-august |date=August 1, 2024 |access-date=December 11, 2024}}</ref> They [[Persecution|persecuted]] the Roma, [[Execution|executed]] them in large groups, [[Deportation|deported]] them to [[Nazi concentration camp|concentration camps]], used them for medical experiments, and killed them in [[Extermination camp|death camps]].<ref name="USHMM" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Roma Genocide|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/roma-genocide|access-date=2024-09-28|website=[[Council of Europe]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> 250,000‒500,000 were killed in the Roma genocide.<ref> * {{cite web |website=[[Holocaust Encyclopedia]] |title=Genocide of European Roma (Gypsies), 1939–1945 |url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/genocide-of-european-roma-gypsies-1939-1945 |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite book |title=The Nazi Genocide of the Roma: Reassessment and Commemoration |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qcvtb |last=Weiss-Wendt |first=Anton |year=2013 |volume=17 |edition=1 |publisher=Berghahn Books |doi=10.2307/j.ctt9qcvtb |jstor=j.ctt9qcvtb |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite book |title=Holocaust Education |chapter=‘And Roma were victims, too.’ The Romani genocide and Holocaust education in Romania |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315647173-11/roma-victims-romani-genocide-holocaust-education-romania-michelle-kelso |last=Kelso |first=Michelle |year=2016 |edition=1 |publisher=Routledge |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite book |title=The Gypsies of Eastern Europe |chapter=The Romani Pořajmos: The Nazi Genocide of Gypsies in Germany and Eastern Europe |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/nationalities-papers/article/abs/romani-porajmos-the-nazi-genocide-of-europes-gypsies/FB925C23821FD76F48C2A634DE87D036 |last=Huttenbach |first=Henry R. |year=1991 |edition=1 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781315490250 |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=S: I.M.O.N. Shoah: Intervention. Methods. Documentation. |title=The Road Towards Genocide - The Process of Exclusion and Persecution of Roma and Sinti in the 1930s and 1940s |url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=836650 |last1=Baumgartner |first1=Gerhard |last2=Tavcar |first2=Miha |year=2014 |issue=1 |pages=5–18 |publisher=Wiener Wiesenthal Institut für Holocaust-Studien |access-date=December 7, 2024}}</ref><ref> * {{cite journal |journal=Nationalities Papers |title=The Romani Pořajmos: The Nazi Genocide of Europe's Gypsies |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/nationalities-papers/article/abs/romani-porajmos-the-nazi-genocide-of-europes-gypsies/FB925C23821FD76F48C2A634DE87D036 |last=Huttenbach |first=Henry R. |volume=19 |issue=3: Special issue - the Gypsies in Eastern Europe |publisher=[[University of Cambridge|Cambridge University]] Press |date=November 20, 2018 |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=Narracje o Zagładzie |title=The Roma Genocide. The Roma Pariahs before, during, and after the Second World War |url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=931646 |last=Waluszko |first=Monika Weychert |year=2020 |issue=6 |pages=140–164 |publisher=Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=[[European Union]] (EU)|title=Statement by President von der Leyen, Vice-President Jourová and Commissioner Dalli on European Roma Holocaust Memorial Day |url=https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/news/statement-president-von-der-leyen-vice-president-jourova-and-commissioner-dalli-european-roma-2024-08-01_en |date=August 1, 2024 |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=[[UK Government]] |title=80th anniversary of the Genocide of the Roma commemoration event in Newcastle |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/80th-anniversary-of-the-genocide-of-the-roma-commemoration-event-in-newcastle |date=August 15, 2024 |author1=Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office |author2=The Rt Hon Lord Pickles |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=Holocaust Studies: A Journal of Culture and History |title=Beyond Nazism: the impact of native persecution dynamics on the genocide of the Roma and Sinti |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17504902.2024.2392347 |last=Aretakis |first=Catharine |date=September 12, 2024 |doi=10.1080/17504902.2024.2392347 |access-date=December 7, 2024}}</ref> Some historians give a higher death toll estimate, ranging from 800,000 to 1,500,000.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Historiography of the Holocaust|date=2005|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-4039-9927-6|editor-last=Stone|editor-first=Dan|edition=Nachdr.|location=Basingstoke, Hampshire|pages=383-396}}</ref> ==Today== The Roma still experience [[discrimination]] and [[antiziganism]]. In some countries, they are not accepted in workplaces and schools.<ref name="compilhistoire.pagesperso-orange.fr" /> Their [[squatting]] communities also [[wikt:irritate|irritate]] locals.<ref>{{cite web|date=24 August 2012|title=Expulsions des Roms : fascistes sous Sarkozy, mais humanitaires et normales sous Hollande|url=https://ripostelaique.com/expulsions-des-roms-fascistes-sous-sarkozy-mais-humanitaires-et-normales-sous-hollande.html|website=Riposte Laïque|language=French}}</ref> The Roma created an [[Voluntary association|association]] in 1978 to defend their [[Civil rights|rights]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Union Romani Internationale - Union Romani Internationale|url=http://union-romani-internationale.blogg.org/union-romani-internationale-c26573126|website=union-romani-internationale.blogg.org|language=French}} </ref> The largest Roma [[Population|populations]] today live in [[Eastern Europe]] and the Balkans. However, there are populations of Roma all over Europe, including:<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Morar|first1=Bharti|last2=Gresham|first2=David|last3=Angelicheva|first3=Dora|last4=Tournev|first4=Ivailo|last5=Gooding|first5=Rebecca|last6=Guergueltcheva|first6=Velina|last7=Schmidt|first7=Carolin|last8=Abicht|first8=Angela|last9=Lochmüller|first9=Hanns|last10=Tordai|first10=Attila|last11=Kalmár|first11=Lajos|year=2004|title=Mutation History of the Roma/Gypsies|journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics|volume=75|issue=4|pages=596–609|doi=10.1086/424759|pmc=1182047|pmid=15322984|last12=Nagy|first12=Melinda|last13=Karcagi|first13=Veronika|last14=Jeanpierre|first14=Marc|last15=Herczegfalvi|first15=Agnes|last16=Beeson|first16=David|last17=Venkataraman|first17=Viswanathan|last18=Warwick Carter|first18=Kim|last19=Reeve|first19=Jeff|last20=De Pablo|first20=Rosario|last21=Kučinskas|first21=Vaidutis|last22=Kalaydjieva|first22=Luba}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Kalaydjieva, Luba|author2=Gresham, David|author3=Calafell, Francesc|year=2001|title=Genetic studies of the Roma (Gypsies): a review|journal=BMC Medical Genetics|volume=2|issue=1|page=5|doi=10.1186/1471-2350-2-5|pmc=31389|pmid=11299048|doi-access=free}}</ref> * The [[Kaló]] in [[Spain]] * The [[Sinti]] in [[Germany]] * The [[Romanlar]] in [[Turkey]] * The Ciganos in [[Portugal]] * The Romanichals of [[Great Britain|Britain]] * The Gitans of southern France * The [[Manouches]] in [[France]] and [[Catalonia]] ==Culture== Roma culture differs from country to country, from group to group, and from religion to religion. Roma [[cuisine]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gypsies &#124; Encyclopedia.com|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/anthropology-and-archaeology/people/gypsies|website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> also differs from country to country. [[Music]] has always been important in Roma culture. [[Musical instrument|Musical instruments]] like [[Guitar|guitars]] and [[Violin|violins]] are an important part of Roma traditions. The Roma influenced musical and [[dance]] styles in Europe, such as [[Belly dance|belly dancing]], [[flamenco]], [[rumba]] and [[jazz]].<ref name="routard" /> Most Roma enter into [[Arranged marriage|arranged marriages]] [[Endogamy|with other Roma]] at a very young age. It is rare for Roma [[Exogamy|to marry ''gadje'']] (non-Romas). Some groups [[ban]] [[cousin marriage]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Home|url=https://www.uskudaristanbul.com/firmadetay.asp?id=2894|access-date=2022-05-04|archive-date=2022-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702120324/https://www.uskudaristanbul.com/firmadetay.asp?id=2894|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 8 April 1971, the Roma [[nationality]] was legally recognized in Europe. Since then, 8 April is the International Day of the Roma.<ref name="compilhistoire.pagesperso-orange.fr">{{cite web|url=http://compilhistoire.pagesperso-orange.fr/Rom.htm|title=Compilhistoire - Roms, Gitans, Manouches et Tsiganes|website=compilhistoire.pagesperso-orange.fr}}</ref> ===Roma with mixed ancestry=== The Roma use the word ''didicoy'' to describe people who are of mixed Roma [[Ancestor|ancestry]].<ref name="def">{{cite web |title=What does DIDICOY mean? |url=https://www.definitions.net/definition/DIDICOY |website=www.definitions.net |accessdate=17 December 2022}}</ref> (Some families of mixed blood call themselves "kyes".) There is conflict between the ''didicoy'' and the Romanichal ("full-blooded Roma," whose [[Ancestor|ancestors]] are all Roma)''.<ref name="def" />'' The Roma have been [[Stereotype|stereotyped]] as [[Criminal|criminals]] for centuries. Many Romanichal believe this [[reputation]] comes from ''didicoys'' and other [[Nomad|nomadic groups]] that are referred to as "Gypsies".<ref name="def" /> The "Romano Rai" an old Romani [[folk song]] about a mixed-blooded Roma.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Crawford |first1=~ George |title=Romany Rai |url=https://paleotool.com/2014/03/29/romany-rai |website=Preindustrial Craftsmanship |accessdate=17 December 2022 |language=en |date=29 March 2014}}</ref> ==Language== The ''[[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]'' made the [[Romani language]] an [[official language]] in many European countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://reocities.com/Paris/5121/history.htm|title=Patrin: A Brief History of the Roma|publisher=|access-date=2012-03-28|archive-date=2012-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325043808/http://reocities.com/Paris/5121/history.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Religion== In ancient times, the Roma followed [[Hinduism]]<ref name=":6">{{cite web|date=23 February 2016|title=Meet the Roma: 2,000 years ago, the first 'Indians' to go to Europe|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/meet-the-roma-2000-years-ago-the-first-indians-to-go-to-europe/|website=The Indian Express}}</ref> and [[Buddhism]].<ref>{{cite web|date=7 March 2010|title=Buddhism and the Romani|url=https://enlightenmentward.wordpress.com/2010/03/07/buddhism-and-the-romani/}}</ref> Today, most follow [[Eastern Orthodox Christianity]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Columbia Encyclopedia|publisher=[[Columbia University]] Press|year=2018|edition=8th|location=New York, NY}}</ref> However, many are [[Muslims|Muslim]]. The ''Dasikane'' (Christian Roma) practice [[baptism]], while the ''[[Xoraxane]]'', or Muslim Roma, practice male [[circumcision]]. Other Romani people around the world practice faiths including: * [[Islam]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Encyclopaedia of Islam. 2: C - G / Ed. by B. Lewis|date=1991|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-07026-4|editor-last=Lewis|editor-first=B.|edition=4. impr|location=Leiden|pages=40a-41b}}</ref> * [[Bahá'í Faith|Bahá'í]]<ref name=":5">{{cite web|title=RADOC|url=https://radoc.net/radoc.php?doc=art_b_history_romanireligion&lang=&articles=true|access-date=2022-05-06|archive-date=2022-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802214757/https://radoc.net/radoc.php?doc=art_b_history_romanireligion&lang=&articles=true|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{better source|date=May 2025}} * [[Sufism]]<ref>{{cite web|title=The making of an order : An ethnography of Romani Sufis in Uskudar|url=https://openaccess.ihu.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/20.500.12154/1199|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621224127/https://openaccess.ihu.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/20.500.12154/1199|archive-date=2023-06-21|access-date=2022-08-25}}</ref> * [[Hinduism]]<ref name=":6" /> * Palmistry<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GpfSDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA391|title=The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Religion and Social Justice|date=|publisher=John Wiley and Sons|year=2020|isbn=978-1-119-57210-7|editor-last=Palmer|editor-first=Michael D.|edition=|series=The Wiley Blackwell Companions to Religion|location=Hoboken, NJ|editor-last2=Burgess|editor-first2=Stanley M.}}</ref> * [[Buddhism]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vishvapani|date=2011-11-29|title=Hungary’s Gypsy Buddhists & Religious Discrimination|url=https://www.wiseattention.org/blog/2011/11/29/gypsy-buddhists/|access-date=2024-09-28|website=Vishvapani|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jai Bhim! The Roma Buddhists of Hungary|url=https://thebuddhistcentre.com/news/jai-bhim-roma-buddhists-hungary}}</ref> * [[Witchcraft]]<ref name=":4" /> * Romanipen{{efn|An old [[Dualism|dualist]] religion that involves a simple belief in ''Devla ''– [[God]] – ''and Beng '' – [[Satan]].|group=lower-alpha<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Muslim Gypsies in Romania|url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/access/item%3A2721940/view}}</ref>}} * [[Catholicism]] * [[Mormonism]]<ref name=":5" /> * [[Evangelicalism|Evangelical Christianity]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=PERSONALIZING THE ROMANI EVANGELICAL FAITH|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338659680}}</ref> Other Romani people practice Noahidism,<ref>{{cite web |website=[[Chabad]] |title=The 7 Noahide Laws: Universal Morality |url=https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/62221/jewish/The-7-Noahide-Laws-Universal-Morality.htm |access-date=December 15, 2024}}</ref> a [[Jew|Jewish]] [[new religious movement]] based on [[Orthodox Judaism]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Feldman|first=Rachel Z.|date=2018-08-01|title=The Children of Noah|url=https://online.ucpress.edu/nr/article/22/1/115/71076/The-Children-of-NoahHas-Messianic-Zionism-Created|journal=Nova Religio|language=en|volume=22|issue=1|pages=115–128|doi=10.1525/nr.2018.22.1.115|issn=1092-6690}}</ref>.and a set of [[Morality|moral]] laws called the Noahide Laws<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-08-28|title=Noahide Laws {{!}} Obedience, Halakhah, Torah {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Noahide-Laws|access-date=2024-09-28|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref>). People who live according to the Noahide Laws are called children of Noah (''B'nei Noach'') Noahids.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Seven Noahide Laws As Practice|url=https://allfaith.com/noahide/religion.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625135338/https://allfaith.com/noahide/religion.html|archive-date=2022-06-25|access-date=2022-05-04}}</ref> ==Footnotes== {{Notelist}} ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Roma| ]] [[Category:Nomadic people]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Europe]] ftrfzl4woy13ppzbz0gb476nuziknko 4 90288 10369206 10275105 2025-07-03T08:23:33Z Cactusisme 1477024 archiving 10369206 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikipedia:Proposed article demotion/header}} ==Proposals for demotion== ''List proposals here, '''newer ones at the top'''. Each proposal should list what needs to be fixed. Within two weeks from being listed, an article listed here must be fixed to again meet the criteria, or have its higher status removed.'' Use this code to add a proposal: <code>{{[[Template:Pgapropose|subst:Pgapropose]]|''page title''|''reason''}} <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code> <!--List new proposals below this line--> ==Proposals closed recently== {{none}} ==Related pages== *[[Wikipedia:Requirements for good articles]] *[[Wikipedia:Requirements for very good articles]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration|{{PAGENAME}}]] 5650qt8nuzwo9gtxdc4oikbqkwlpaj8 10369217 10369206 2025-07-03T08:26:21Z Cactusisme 1477024 10369217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikipedia:Proposed article demotion/header}} ==Proposals for demotion== ''List proposals here, '''newer ones at the top'''. Each proposal should list what needs to be fixed. Within two weeks from being listed, an article listed here must be fixed to again meet the criteria, or have its higher status removed.'' Use this code to add a proposal: <code>{{[[Template:Pgapropose|subst:Pgapropose]]|''page title''|''reason''}} <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code> <!--List new proposals below this line--> {{none}} ==Proposals closed recently== ==Related pages== *[[Wikipedia:Requirements for good articles]] *[[Wikipedia:Requirements for very good articles]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration|{{PAGENAME}}]] qikynn1wj1v6b9tvi4n2cbw5v55g74a 10369220 10369217 2025-07-03T08:27:40Z Cactusisme 1477024 /* Proposals for demotion */ 10369220 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikipedia:Proposed article demotion/header}} ==Proposals for demotion== List proposals here, '''newer ones at the top'''. Each proposal should list what needs to be fixed. Within two weeks from being listed, an article listed here must be fixed to again meet the criteria, or have its higher status removed. ''Use this code to add a proposal: <code>{{[[Template:Pgapropose|subst:Pgapropose]]|''page title''|''reason''}} <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code>'' <!--List new proposals below this line--> {{none}} ==Proposals closed recently== ==Related pages== *[[Wikipedia:Requirements for good articles]] *[[Wikipedia:Requirements for very good articles]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration|{{PAGENAME}}]] aer5y2gqobrztl2zzrb1jkp3pks3nqb 3 90769 10368392 8909171 2025-07-02T22:32:40Z Ferien 1011873 Notification: listing at [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] of [[WayOutWest Records]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368392 wikitext text/x-wiki Hello. Please leave new messages at the bottom of existing ones. '''If you would like me to make you a signature''', please go to the [[User_talk:Schlechter Wolf/Signature|''requests'']] page. Thanks. == Welcome to Simple English Wikipedia == {| style="background-color:#F5FFFA; padding:0;" cellpadding="0" |class="MainPageBG" style="border:1px solid #084080; background-color:#F5FFFA; vertical-align:top; color:#000000; font-size:85%"| {| width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#F5FFFA; padding:0;" ! <div style="margin:0; background-color:#CEF2E0; font-family:sans-serif; font-size:120%; border:1px solid #084080; text-align:left; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.2em;">Hi Schlechter Wolf, [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome]] to Simple English Wikipedia! Thank you for [[Special:Contributions/Schlechter Wolf|your changes]]. If you need help, check out [[Help:Contents|the Help section]] of Wikipedia, or leave a message on my talk page. Whenever leaving messages on talk pages, please remember to [[Wikipedia:Signatures|sign your name]] by typing four 'tildes' (like this: <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); doing this makes your name and the date show up. Also, it helps if you write something in the box that says 'edit summary' whenever you change an article. Below are some useful links to make your time here simpler. Happy editing! '''[[User:Razorflame|<b style="color:#CC0">Raz</b><b style="color:#990">or</b>]][[User talk:Razorflame|<b style="color:#660">fl</b><b style="color:#330">am</b><b style="color:#000">e</b>]]''' 20:55, 31 January 2008 (UTC)</div> |} {| width="100%" style="background-color:#F5FFFA;" |class="MainPageBG" style="width: 55%; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; background-color:#F5FFFA; vertical-align:top"| {| width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#F5FFFA" ! <div style="margin: 0; background-color:#084080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #CEF2E0; text-align:left; color:#FFC000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em;">Getting Started</div> |- |style="color:#000"| * How to: [[Wikipedia:How to edit a page|edit a page]] • [[Wikipedia:How to write Simple English articles|write Simple English articles]] |- ! <div style="margin: 0; background:#084080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #CEF2E0; text-align:left; color:#FFC000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em;">Getting Help</div> |- | style="color:#000"| * [[Wikipedia:FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]] * [[Wikipedia:Administrators and bureaucrats|Administrators]] • [[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard|Request administrator attention]] |- ! <div style="margin: 0; background:#084080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #CEF2E0; text-align:left; color:#FFC000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em;">Policies and Guidelines</div> |- | style="color:#000"| * [[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|Neutral point of view]] • [[Wikipedia:Verifiability|Verifiability]] * [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|Citing sources]] • [[Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not|What Wikipedia is not]] <hr /> * [[Wikipedia:Copyrights|Copyrights]] • [[Wikipedia:Image use policy|Image use policy]] * [[Wikipedia:Spam|Spam]] • [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|Vandalism]] • [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|Deletion policy]] |- |} |class="MainPageBG" style="width: 55%; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; background-color:#F5FFFA; vertical-align:top"| {| width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#F5FFFA" ! <div style="margin: 0; background-color:#084080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #CEF2E0; text-align:left; color:#FFC000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em;">The Community</div> |- |style="color:#000"| * [[Wikipedia:Assume good faith|Assume good faith]] • [[Wikipedia:Be kind|Be kind]] * [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|Community Portal]] • [[Wikipedia:Simple talk|Simple talk]] • [[Wikipedia:TASERING|TASERING]] * [[Wikipedia:Announcements|Announcements]] • [[Wikipedia:IRC channels|IRC channels]] • [[Wikipedia:Mailing lists|Mailing lists]] |- ! <div style="margin: 0; background-color:#084080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #CEF2E0; text-align:left; color:#FFC000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em;">Things to do</div> |- |style="color:#000"| * [[Wikipedia:Peer review|Peer review]] • [[Wikipedia:Cleanup|Cleanup]] |- ! <div style="margin: 0; background-color:#084080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #CEF2E0; text-align:left; color:#FFC000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em;">Other</div> |- |style="color:#000"| * [[Wikipedia:Template messages|Useful templates]] • [[Wikipedia:Stub|Stubs]] |- |} |} |} == Warnings == Here are a list of warnings that we use here on the Simple English Wikipedia: *{{tl|test1}} First level warning for general vandalism. *{{tl|test2}} Second level warning for general vandalism. *{{tl|test3}} Third level warning for general vandalism. *{{tl|test4}} Final level warning for general vandalism. *{{tl|test5}} A blocked template. Should be used by an administrator just before a block. Removing content warnings *{{tl|test2a}} First level warning for removing content. *{{tl|test3a}} Second level warning for removing content. *{{tl|test4}} Same one as listed above, but can also be used as a final warning for removing content. Test article warnings *{{tl|test1article}} First level warning for test articles. *{{tl|test2article}} Second level warning for test articles. *{{tl|test3article}} Final level warning for test articles. *{{tl|block}} For indef blocks of vandalizing users. *{{tl|blocked}} For indef blocks of established named users. Whoops, forgot to sign :) '''[[User:Razorflame|<b style="color:#CC0">Raz</b><b style="color:#990">or</b>]][[User talk:Razorflame|<b style="color:#660">fl</b><b style="color:#330">am</b><b style="color:#000">e</b>]]''' 23:11, 1 February 2008 (UTC) == External links == Instead of using External links like the English Wikipedia uses, we use Other websites. Can you please remember to put this into the articles that you create instead of External links? Thanks, '''[[User:Razorflame|<b style="color:#CC0">Raz</b><b style="color:#990">or</b>]][[User talk:Razorflame|<b style="color:#660">fl</b><b style="color:#330">am</b><b style="color:#000">e</b>]]''' 17:06, 7 February 2008 (UTC) == subst: == {{{icon|[[Image:Information.svg|25px]] }}}Thank you for your changes to Wikipedia. When using certain templates on talk pages{{#if:{{{1|}}}|, as you did to [[:{{{1}}}]]}}, don't forget to [[Wikipedia:Template substitution|substitute with text]] by adding '''subst:''' to the template tag. For example, use &#123;&#123;subst:vandalism&#125;&#125; instead of &#123;{vandalism}}. This reduces server load and prevents accidental blanking of the template. {{{{{subst|}}}#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{2}}}|Thank you.}} <!-- Template:uw-subst -->--'''[[User:Lights|<span style="color:#360">L</span><span style="color:#363">i</span><span style="color:#366">g</span><span style="color:#369">h</span><span style="color:#36C">t</span><span style="color:#36F">s</span>]]''' § [[User talk:Lights|talk]] 20:06, 10 February 2008 (UTC) == Friends == I have added you to my list of friends here at the Simple English Wikipedia as you have been an outstanding member of the community and I very much like the edits that you've been making. I fully trust you now, and I would like to ask if you would do the same for me. I fully hope that we can get along with each other in the future. '''[[User:Razorflame|<b style="color:#CC0">Raz</b><b style="color:#990">or</b>]][[User talk:Razorflame|<b style="color:#660">fl</b><b style="color:#330">am</b><b style="color:#000">e</b>]]''' 20:46, 15 February 2008 (UTC) == Categories == Don't forget to [[WP:CAT|categorize]] articles you create.--<span style="background: creme;border: 1px solid green">'''[[User:Lights|<span style="color: green">&nbsp;Lights&nbsp;</span>]][[User talk:Lights|<span style="color: limegreen">&nbsp;talk&nbsp;</span>]]'''</span> 22:29, 16 February 2008 (UTC) == Redirects == Hi! I noticed your question about redirects on Razorflame's page. Redirects are indeed done the same way as on English WP: by typing ''<nowiki>#redirect[[Page name]]</nowiki>''. Hope this helps! · '''<font face="Comic Sans MS">[[User:Tygrrr|<font color="#C41E3A">Ty</font>]][[User talk:Tygrrr|<font color="#E34234">g<font color="#FF4500">r<font color="#FF6600">r<font color="#f28500">r<font color="#FFBF00">...</font></font></font></font></font>]]</font>''' 00:51, 18 February 2008 (UTC) :Sorry, I probably should have mentioned that the preview never looks like the final product on the redirects. If you type it up the way I mentioned and then save it, it should look like it's supposed to. · '''<font face="Comic Sans MS">[[User:Tygrrr|<font color="#C41E3A">Ty</font>]][[User talk:Tygrrr|<font color="#E34234">g<font color="#FF4500">r<font color="#FF6600">r<font color="#f28500">r<font color="#FFBF00">...</font></font></font></font></font>]]</font>''' :Responded to your comment at Tygrrr's talkpage.--<span style="background: creme;border: 1px solid green">'''[[User:Lights|<span style="color: green">&nbsp;Lights&nbsp;</span>]][[User talk:Lights|<span style="color: limegreen">&nbsp;talk&nbsp;</span>]]'''</span> 01:07, 18 February 2008 (UTC) == Categories: part 2 == Please read [[Wikipedia:Categorization#Creating new categories|Categorization:Creating new categories]] before creating any more new categories. -- <b>[[User:Creol|<font color="#770099">Creol</font>]]</b><small>([[User_talk:Creol|<font color="#770044">talk</font>]])</small> 19:10, 19 February 2008 (UTC) == Barnstar! == '''''Barnstar moved to userpage''''' :You're welcome!--<span style="background:#fff;border: 1px solid #F60">'''[[User:Lights|<span style="color: #F60">&nbsp;Lights&nbsp;</span>]][[User talk:Lights|<span style="color: #F90">&nbsp;talk&nbsp;</span>]]'''</span> 03:05, 22 February 2008 (UTC) == Typos == I fixed the typo in your signature.--<span style="background:#fff;border: 1px solid #C30">'''[[User:Lights|<span style="color: #C30">&nbsp;Lights&nbsp;</span>]][[User talk:Lights|<span style="color: #F30">&nbsp;talk&nbsp;</span>]]'''</span> 03:10, 22 February 2008 (UTC) == Your RfD votes == Hello there, Wolf. I just wanted to politely ask you if you could use '''Delete''' instead of what you've been using ('''Kill''' and '''Exterminate'''). We aren't Uncyclopedia. While I do think that you are taking the initiative and helping us out by voting in the RfD, I think it would be best if you would just use the '''Delete'''. Thanks, [[User:Razorflame|<b style="color:#0C0">Raz</b><b style="color:#090">or</b>]][[User talk:Razorflame|<b style="color:#050">fl</b><b style="color:#010">am</b><b style="color:#000">e</b>]] 16:03, 28 February 2008 (UTC) :No Daleks here? Only Cybermen?? where is the fun in that.. -- <b>[[User:Creol|<font color="#770099">Creol</font>]]</b><small>([[User_talk:Creol|<font color="#770044">talk</font>]])</small> 16:29, 28 February 2008 (UTC) ::And Creol hits the nail on the head. <small><span style="border:1px solid black;padding:0px;">[[User:Schlechter Wolf|<font style="color:white;background:black;">'''The'''</font>]][[User_talk:Schlechter Wolf|<font style="color:#0000AF;background:white;">'''Wolf'''</font>]]</span></small> 16:33, 28 February 2008 (UTC) == What are == Re your note to Creol. What are "mindless robots" and "eccentric pepperpots"?--<span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:medium;font-family: Old English;">[[User:Barliner|<span style="color:blue">Bärl</span>]][[User talk:Barliner|<span style="color:red">iner</span>]]</span> 16:39, 28 February 2008 (UTC) == [[Help:Making a signature]] == Hey there. I just noticed that you would be happy to make signatures for other people. I would like to ask your permission to add your name to the list of users that are willing to help other users in making signatures? Please reply on my talk page. Thanks, [[User:Razorflame|<b style="color:#0C0">Raz</b><b style="color:#090">or</b>]][[User talk:Razorflame|<b style="color:#050">fl</b><b style="color:#010">am</b><b style="color:#000">e</b>]] 16:16, 29 February 2008 (UTC) == Gradient boxes == I saw on [[User talk:Schlechter Wolf/Signature]] that you don't know how to make gradient boxes. To make a gradient box, use this code: <nowiki>[[User:Username|<span style="color:COLOUR OF TEXT;background:COLOUR">U<span style="background:COLOUR">se<span style="background:COLOUR">r<span style="background:COLOUR">n</span>a</span>m</span>e</span>]]</nowiki> or <nowiki>[[User:Username|<span style="color:COLOUR OF TEXT;background:COLOUR">U</span><span style="background:COLOUR">se</span><span style="background:COLOUR">r</span><span style="background:COLOUR">n</span>]]</nowiki> Here's an example with this code: <nowiki>'''[[User:Schlechter Wolf|<span style="color:#fff;background:#393">Sc<span style="background:#266">hle<span style="background:#139">cht<span style="background:#00c">er</span>Wo</span>l</span>f</span>]]'''</nowiki> '''[[User:Schlechter Wolf|<span style="color:#fff;background:#393">Sc<span style="background:#266">hle<span style="background:#139">cht<span style="background:#00c">er</span>Wo</span>l</span>f</span>]]''' --<span style="background:#fff;border: 1px solid #039">'''[[User:Lights|<span style="color: #039">&nbsp;Lights&nbsp;</span>]][[User talk:Lights|<span style="color: #03F">&nbsp;talk&nbsp;</span>]]'''</span> 01:38, 1 March 2008 (UTC) == Long March == Makinjg a stub of the [[Long March]] to get rid of a redlink is OK, but I had to rewrite this as it gave completely the wrong impression. I also added IWs. --<span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:medium;font-family: Old English;">[[User:Barliner|<span style="color:blue">Bärl</span>]][[User talk:Barliner|<span style="color:red">iner</span>]]</span> 13:02, 10 March 2008 (UTC) :Yes, I'm sorry about that. I realized that I had written it very poorly and improperly, and was going to fix it after I finished rewriting a segment of the main [[Mao Zedong]] article. I would have had to refer back to a resource first, as I don't remember it very well. Thanks for fixing my errors. <small><span style="border:1px solid white;padding:0px;">[[User:Schlechter Wolf|<font style="color:white;background:#191970;">'''The'''</font>]][[User_talk:Schlechter Wolf|<font style="color:#191970;background:white;">'''Wolf'''</font>]]</span></small> 13:08, 10 March 2008 (UTC) == messaging Back == Yes you can edit my vandlism template on my user page. [[User:Runningblader|<b style="color:#F30">Runn</b><b style="color:#F50">ing</b>]][[User talk:Runningblader|<b style="color:#F70">bl</b><b style="color:#F90">ad</b><b style="color:#FC0">e</b><b style="color:#FC0">r</b>]],the owner of Vandlism Template 23:55, 10 March 2008 (UTC) == One of your contributions == I see you have been involved in a bio page, possibly making unfair statements without real facts to support them. Please be careful, and observe Wiki's rules on bios. See http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Barliner#Making_changes, in a message to one who appears to be like-minded with you. [[User:Featurer|Featurer]] ([[User talk:Featurer|talk]]) 23:45, 16 March 2008 (UTC) == Ach, ja! Welkommen! == Hello to you too! <b>[[User:Microchip08|<font face="Courier New"><font color="orange">M<sup>i</sup>c<sub>r</sub>o</font></font>]][[User talk:Microchip08/Home|<font face="Lucida Console"><i><font color="#B22222">c<u>h</u>i<u>p</u></font></i></font>]]&nbsp;[[Special:Contributions/Microchip08|<sup><font color="#00880">08</font></sup>]]</b><small><small>[[User:Microchip08/Sig|<font color="#88008">Sign!</font>]]</small></small> 07:41, 24 April 2008 (UTC) == Welcome back! == Hi there! Welcome back to the Simple English Wikipedia! I hope your stay here is a long one :) Cheers, [[User:Razorflame|<b style="color:#6cf">Raz</b><b style="color:#6cc">or</b>]][[User talk:Razorflame|<b style="color:#6c9">fl</b><b style="color:#6c6">am</b><b style="color:#6c3">e</b>]] 01:08, 25 May 2008 (UTC) == Sorry == I didn't realize that on Simple, "External Links" are called "Other websites" :). <font face="georgia">'''[[User:Malinaccier|Malinaccier]] ([[User talk:Malinaccier|talk]])'''</font> 22:20, 27 May 2008 (UTC) == Bad wolf == Hello fellow Doctor Who fan. :) I just remembered where your name comes from. Also, ironically, I first noticed your name when changing many External links to Other Websites, and I furrowed my brow until I realized that's the standard here and the change didn't previously consciously register. Just a friendly hi. (I haven't seen season 4 of Who, but look forward to it.) [[User:TransUtopian|TransUtopian]] ([[User talk:TransUtopian|talk]]) 02:54, 30 May 2008 (UTC) :Ah, I won't spoil. Cheers! [[User:TransUtopian|TransUtopian]] ([[User talk:TransUtopian|talk]]) 16:25, 30 May 2008 (UTC) ::Gah! So ''that'''s where it is from... [[User:Microchip08|<font face="Vivaldi" size="4">'''<font color="000000">Mic</font><font color="770000">roc</font><font color="BB0000">hip</font>''' </font>]] 16:27, 30 May 2008 (UTC) :::Hee. Yeah, it's added to a CGI bomb in [[w:The Doctor Dances|the gas mask child 2-parter]], as no one told the writer to insert a Bad wolf reference in his script. PS: Schlechter Wolf, sometimes your edit summaries make me smile or chuckle. Just thought I'd mention it. [[User:TransUtopian|TransUtopian]] ([[User talk:TransUtopian|talk]]) 16:35, 30 May 2008 (UTC) ::::Yes. [http://www.whoisdoctorwho.co.uk/index11.shtml Who is Doctor Who?] has a clear image, and you can somewhat see it on [http://ninthdoctor.time-and-space.co.uk/coppermine/displayimage.php?album=14&pos=475 this screencap]. [[User:TransUtopian|TransUtopian]] ([[User talk:TransUtopian|talk]]) 16:50, 30 May 2008 (UTC) <grin> Cool! that I opened your eyes to something delightfully new about something very familiar. I love it when that happens to me. Btw, as a copyrighted image, it couldn't be uploaded to commons, but you could draw a bomb outline and add your name in stencil font as "own work" (I think), if you'd like. Though I do like the poodle view. [[User:TransUtopian|TransUtopian]] ([[User talk:TransUtopian|talk]]) 17:01, 30 May 2008 (UTC) :I was thinking in terms of your name appearing on screen, and great minds thinking alike (you and the producers), but that's a good reason not to. :) [[User:TransUtopian|TransUtopian]] ([[User talk:TransUtopian|talk]]) 19:51, 30 May 2008 (UTC) == RE: [[Sea-Monkeys]] == See [[:en:Sea-Monkeys|Here]] for the reason. Thanks -- &nbsp;<b style="background:#FFFFFF; border:2px solid #BF0A30;font-family:Segoe Script">[[Special:Contributions/American Eagle|<font color="#002868">✰</font>]][[User:American Eagle|<font color="#002868">American</font>]][[User talk:American Eagle|<font color="#002868">Eagle</font>]]&nbsp;</b> 17:37, 30 May 2008 (UTC) :I would agree, but there is probably a good reason that they put it in the plural form. And to avoid confusion in articles, we take the same namespace as what they had written it as, usually. It's good to finally meet you, even though it was in an edit conflict. Cheers -- &nbsp;<b style="background:#FFFFFF; border:2px solid #BF0A30;font-family:Segoe Script">[[Special:Contributions/American Eagle|<font color="#002868">✰</font>]][[User:American Eagle|<font color="#002868">American</font>]][[User talk:American Eagle|<font color="#002868">Eagle</font>]]&nbsp;</b> 17:41, 30 May 2008 (UTC) ==Barnstar Time!== '''''Barnstar moved to userpage''''' == Wikiproject Userbox? == Is [[User:Schlechter Wolf/WikiProject/userbox|this one]] better? -- &nbsp;<b style="background:#FFFFFF; border:2px solid #BF0A30;font-family:Segoe Script">[[Special:Contributions/American Eagle|<font color="#002868">✰</font>]][[User:American Eagle|<font color="#002868">American</font>]][[User talk:American Eagle|<font color="#002868">Eagle</font>]]&nbsp;</b> 20:35, 3 June 2008 (UTC) == Sweeny Todd - Musical == Hi there, I've just noticed this page that you have created, [[Sweeny Todd (musical)]], I would just like to inform you, that it is spealt sweenEy Todd. And also, The actual name of the Musical is: Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street. I would move the page myself, but being new to simple, I cannot move pages. Cheers. [[User:Have Some Priest|Have Some Priest]] ([[User talk:Have Some Priest|talk]]) 20:45, 3 June 2008 (UTC) :Oh, and Thanks for the Welcome [[User:Have Some Priest|Have Some Priest]] ([[User talk:Have Some Priest|talk]]) 20:46, 3 June 2008 (UTC) ::Glad that I could help. Sorry if it seems like I am doubting your judgment, but on english Wiki, they actaully use the full name of the Musical for the name of the article. [[User:Have Some Priest|Have Some Priest]] ([[User talk:Have Some Priest|talk]]) 20:52, 3 June 2008 (UTC) :::You have a project Music over here aswell? Oh, i might check that out and join another time [[User:Have Some Priest|Have Some Priest]] ([[User talk:Have Some Priest|talk]]) 20:58, 3 June 2008 (UTC) == Sig Request == I have sent a request in the signature requests spot. <b style="border: 1px solid #00c;font-family:arial">[[User:Runningblader|<b style="background-color:White;color:#393">&nbsp;Running&nbsp;</b>]][[User talk:Runningblader|<b style="background-color:#00c; color:white">&nbsp;talk&nbsp;</b>]]</b> 21:41, 3 June 2008 (UTC) :Ok.<b style="border: 1px solid #00c;font-family:arial">[[User:Runningblader|<b style="background-color:White;color:#393">&nbsp;Running&nbsp;</b>]][[User talk:Runningblader|<b style="background-color:#00c; color:white">&nbsp;talk&nbsp;</b>]]</b> 22:11, 3 June 2008 (UTC) == RE: == Why do you think I am in [[user:runningblader/Wikiproject Anti-Vandalism|Wikiproject Anti-Vandalism]]? Plus if you want you may join. <b style="border: 1px solid #00c;font-family:arial">[[User:Runningblader|<b style="background-color:White;color:#393">&nbsp;Running&nbsp;</b>]][[User talk:Runningblader|<b style="background-color:#00c; color:white">&nbsp;talk&nbsp;</b>]]</b> 23:04, 3 June 2008 (UTC) :To join you need to put your name on the wikiproject place. here's the link [[user:runningblader/Wikiproject Anti-Vandalism|Wikiproject Anti-Vandalism]] <b style="border: 1px solid #00c;font-family:arial">[[User:Runningblader|<b style="background-color:White;color:#393">&nbsp;Running&nbsp;</b>]][[User talk:Runningblader|<b style="background-color:#00c; color:white">&nbsp;talk&nbsp;</b>]]</b> 23:24, 3 June 2008 (UTC) == Welcome to [[User:runningblader/Wikiproject Anti-Vandlism|Wikiproject Anti-Vandlism]] == {| style="background-color:lightblue; padding:0;" cellpadding="0" |class="MainPageBG" style="border:1px solid lightsteelblue; background-color:black; vertical-align:top; color:#000000; font-size:85%"| {| width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top; background-color:lightsteelblue; padding:0;" ! <div style="margin:0; background-color:lightblue; font-family:sans-serif; font-size:120%; border:1px solid lightsteelblue; text-align:left; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.2em;">Hi, Schlechter Wolf, Welcome to [[User:Runningblader/Wikiproject Anti-Vandlism|Wikiproject Anti-Vandlism]]! Thank you for Joining to help make a differnce. If you need help, check out the [[User talk:runningblader/Wikiproject Anti-Vandlism|Talk page]] of our [[Wikipedia:WikiProject|Wikiproject]], or leave a message on my talk page. Anyway, Welcome! -- <b style="border: 1px solid #00c;font-family:arial">[[User:Runningblader|<b style="background-color:White;color:#393">&nbsp;Running&nbsp;</b>]][[User talk:Runningblader|<b style="background-color:#00c; color:white">&nbsp;talk&nbsp;</b>]]</b> 23:26, 3 June 2008 (UTC)</div> |} |} ==reply== Nothing ;) --''[[User:Vector|vector ^_^]] <small>([[User talk:Vector|talk]])</small>'' 18:38, 4 June 2008 (UTC) == Barnstar! == '''''Barnstar moved to userpage''''' == RFA cheers == {| class="messagebox standard-talk" style="float:center;border-style:solid;border-color:#FFDEAD;background-color:beige;border-width:4px;text-align:left;font-family: Arial;padding:12px; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 1em; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 1em; -moz-border-radius-topright: 1em; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 1em;" class="plainlinks" |align="center"|<!--[[Image:Leopard africa.jpg|60px]]-->[[Image:I IZ SERIUS ADMNIM THIZ IZ SERIUS BIZNIS lolcat.jpg|150px]] | Thank you for your recent support in my [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/The Rambling Man‎|RFA]] which closed successfully with 26 supports and a lone oppose. I hope to serve the community to the best of my ability. [[User:The Rambling Man|The Rambling Man]] ([[User talk:The Rambling Man|talk]]) 13:31, 19 June 2008 (UTC) |} == Happy Independence Day!!!! == {| class="collapsible collapsed" style="width: 100px; font size: 16px; font-family: Segoe Script; margin:auto; width:100%; background: #fdf5e6; border: 4px solid #bd0a30;" ! style="text-align:center; height: 40px; width: 100%; font-size: 20px; background: #bd0a30; color: #002868;" | [[:en:Independence Day (United States)|<font color="#002868">Happy Fourth of July<nowiki>!!!!</nowiki></font>]] |- |<center> [[Image:Fourth of July fireworks behind the Washington Monument, 1986.jpg|175px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Image:Flag of the United States.svg|550px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Image:2007 ilotulituksen sm.jpg|200px]] [[Image:4th.png]] [[Image:4th2.png]]<br>&nbsp;<b style="background:#FDF5E6; color: #002868; border:2px solid #BF0A30;font-family:Segoe Script">&nbsp;<font size="3" color="#002868">†</font> [[User:ChristianMan16|<font color="#002868">Christian</font>]][[User talk:ChristianMan16|<font color="#002868">Man</font>]][[Special:Contributions/ChristianMan16|<font color="#002868">16</font>]]&nbsp;</b> 04:29, 4 July 2008 (UTC) </center> |} ==[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Rock music]]== I'd like to invite you to join the newly-formed [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Rock music|Rock music WikiProject]]. There's alot of Rock-related articles on Wikipedia that could use a little attention, and I hope this project can help organize an effort to improve them. So please, take a look and if you like what you see, help us get this project off the ground and a few Rock music pages into the front ranks of Wikipedia articles. Thanks! --[[User:Fell on Black Days|Fell on Black Days]] ([[User talk:Fell on Black Days|talk]]) 19:57, 23 September 2008 (UTC) ==WikiProject:Video games== Hi, I have found your name on the project page [[User:A Link to the Past/WikiProject Video games]]. I have an interest in this topic myself and have done much work on wiki articles related to video games so I have added my name to the list ''and'' I have started a vote on [[Wikipedia:Simple talk]] to have the project approved and moved out to its proper place [[WP:Video games]]. I am announcing this to all members and asking you to come and vote your support if possible. G Luck ~ [[User:RTG|<font color="Brown" size="2" face="Impact">R</font>]].[[User_Talk:RTG|<font color="brown" size="2" face="impact">T</font>]].[[Special:Contributions/RTG|<font color="brown" size="2" face="impact">G</font>]] 02:40, 22 October 2008 (UTC) == Sig problem == Dude, on the [http://harrypotter.wikia.com Harry Potter Wiki], I made a sig, but when I leave a post, my original sig comes up. On the site, my name is Mace170, too. [[User:Mace170|Mace170]] ([[User talk:Mace170|talk]]) 02:31, 4 September 2010 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of WayOutWest Records== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:WayOutWest Records]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/WayOutWest Records]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:32, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 96hhtdyeh63wloudvukj2zhdhgpq7fq 0 91777 10369093 10180910 2025-07-03T07:27:32Z 103.181.40.34 10369093 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Franklin Avenue Medgar Evars NYC Subway Station.jpg|thumb|Inside the IRT Franklin Avenue Station on the Eastern Parkway Line]] [[File:NYC_subway-4D.svg|thumb|right|An unofficial map of the New York City Subway]] The '''New York City Subway''' is a [[rapid transit|train]] system in [[New York City]], [[United States]]. It is run by the [[Metropolitan Transportation Authority ]] (MTA). It is one of the biggest rapid transit systems in the world, with 472 stations.<ref name="ffsubway">"[http://mta.info/nyct/facts/ffsubway.htm MTA Subway Fast Facts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009235226/http://mta.info/nyct/facts/ffsubway.htm |date=2007-10-09 }}" Retrieved June 28, 2007.</ref> It has 245 [[mile]]s (or 394 [[kilometre|km]]) of routes on 691 miles (or 1112 km) of [[railway track]]. The New York City Subway almost never closes; the trains run 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, all year.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mta.info/nyct/maps/subwaymap.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2008-02-06 |archive-date=2004-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040326024754/http://www.mta.info/nyct/maps/subwaymap.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The system has only closed three times, most notably during the [[September 11 attacks]] and when [[Hurricane Sandy]] [[flood]]ed its tracks. The first elevated trains started working on October 9, 1863, and the first underground trains started working on October 27, 1904. ==History== Alfred Ely Beach built an underground subway tunnel to test in 1869. His Beach Pneumatic Transit only extended {{convert|312|ft}} under [[Broadway]] in [[Lower Manhattan]]. The subway car in the tunnel was [[pneumatic]], or pushed by air. The tunnel was never made longer. It could have gone to Battery Park to the south and the Harlem River to the north.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nycsubway.org/articles/beach-1870-03-05.html |title=The Pneumatic Tunnel Under Broadway (1870) |publisher=nycsubway.org |access-date=July 7, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080505031528/http://www.nycsubway.org/articles/beach-1870-03-05.html| archive-date = May 5, 2008}} (extract from ''Scientific American'' March 5, 1870)</ref> The first underground subway line opened on October 27, 1904. The oldest elevated train line in the subway system opened in 1885. The oldest [[wikt:right-of-way|right-of-way]] was a steam railroad called the Brooklyn, Bath and Coney Island Rail Road. That railroad opened in 1863.{{cn}} By the time the first subway opened, there were two [[private]] subway companies. They were the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Corporation (BRT) and the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT). Most subway lines built after 1913 were built by the New York City government. These tracks were [[lease]]d to the companies. The first line of the city-owned and city-run Independent Subway System (IND) opened in 1932.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nycsubway.org/articles/historyindependentsubway.html |title=History of the Independent Subway |author=Mark S. Feinman |publisher=nycsubway.org |access-date=July 7, 2008 }}</ref> In 1940, the two private systems were bought by the city. Some elevated train lines closed and were destroyed. The New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) was made in 1952 to run subway, bus, and streetcar operations. It was made part of [[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]] in 1968.{{cn}} [[File:Heavily tagged subway car in NY.jpg|thumb|left|[[Graffiti]] on the subway in the 1970s.]] By the 1970s and 1980s, the New York City Subway was really bad to ride.<ref>nycsubway.org — [http://nycsubway.org/wiki/The_New_York_Transit_Authority_in_the_1970s The New York Transit Authority in the 1970s]</ref><ref name="nycsubway 1980s">nycsubway.org — [http://nycsubway.org/wiki/The_New_York_Transit_Authority_in_the_1980s The New York Transit Authority in the 1980s]</ref> There were very few people riding the subway. There was a lot of graffiti and crime on the subway. This was fixed in the 1990's.<ref name="nycsubway 1980s"/> After the [[September 11 attacks]], there were train disruptions on lines running through Lower Manhattan.<ref>Kennedy, Randy. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E02E1D81730F934A2575AC0A9649C8B63 "Tunnel Vision; With Station's Reopening, Even Commuters Smile"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', September 17, 2002. Accessed October 6, 2007.</ref><ref>[http://brianabbott.net/observations/2004/09/11/september-11-three-years-later Brian Abbott. September 11: Three Years Later.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314061039/http://brianabbott.net/observations/2004/09/11/september-11-three-years-later |date=2016-03-14 }} Several maps showing changes in lower Manhattan from July 2001 to September 2002.</ref> One line remained out of service for a year. In 2012, [[Hurricane Sandy]] [[flood]]ed the subway system. It closed many lines for a few days, then recovered.<ref>{{cite web|title=mta.info: Superstorm Sandy Timeline|url=http://web.mta.info/sandy/timeline.htm|access-date=2015-02-11|archive-date=2018-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114173019/http://web.mta.info/sandy/timeline.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Stations == There are subway stations in [[Manhattan]], [[Brooklyn]], [[Queens]], and the [[Bronx]]. About 40% of the tracks are above ground and the other 60% are below ground. Every day about 5,076,000 people take rides on the subway.<ref name="ffsubway" /> 463 out of the system's 472 stations are always open. Many stations have "mezzanines". These are the levels of the station where you pay a [[New York City Subway#Fares|fare]] before entering the subway platforms. Everyone must pay a fare to enter the subway system. They are usually between street level and platform level.{{cn}} Many station entrances and exits have [[lamp]] posts. At the top of the lamp posts are colored balls. Green globes identify that the entrance is open 24/7, 365. Red globes can show two things. An entrance lamp post with a red globe can show that the entrance is either part-time open or is an exit only entrance. Some of the globes do not show the right information about an entrance or exit.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=980DE2DF113AF930A2575BC0A9649C8B63 |title=Tunnel Vision; The Light at the Top of the Subway Stairs |date=August 13, 2002 |work=The New York Times |access-date=July 7, 2008 | first=Randy | last=Kennedy }}</ref> Most subway stations have waiting platforms that are from {{convert|480|to|600|ft}} long. People wait for trains on these platforms.{{cn}} All new stations have platforms with [[air conditioning]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/01/nyregion/second-ave-subway-line-wont-have-sidewalk-ventilation-grates.html?partner=rss&emc=rss&_r=1& | title=No Heel Hazards (or Gusts) as Subway Expands | work=New York Times | date=30 September 2013 | access-date=5 May 2014 | author=Roberts, Sam | location=New York}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Cooler Subways Coming – Eventually |first=Pete |last=Donohue |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/2006/08/04/2006-08-04_cooler_subways_coming_-_even.html |newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |date=August 4, 2006 |access-date=February 28, 2010 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[File:Whitlock Av artwork vc.jpg|thumb|left|Artwork at Whitlock Avenue on the 6 Line in The Bronx.]] Many stations also have [[artwork]] on the subway station walls.{{cn}} Most of the stations wers built before 1990. That is when a new law said that many new buildings, like subway stations, should have [[elevator]]s and [[ramp]]s so people with [[wheelchair]]s can enter these buildings.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://web.mta.info/accessibility/index.html | title = MTA Guide to Accessible Transit | publisher = New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority | access-date = March 8, 2010 }}</ref> The MTA has run the "Music Under New York" (MUNY) program in the subway since 1987.<ref>[http://web.mta.info/mta/aft/muny/ MTA's Arts for Transit's Music Under New York (MUNY) Section] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728061402/http://web.mta.info/mta/aft/muny/ |date=2016-07-28 }} MTA.info website.</ref> People must [[compete]] in order to be allowed to play [[music]] in a station.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ny1.com/content/139318/mta-holds-tryouts-for-subway-performers |title=MTA Holds Tryouts For Subway Performers |work=[[NY1]] |first=Tina |last=Redwine |date=May 18, 2011 |access-date=May 20, 2011 |archive-date=October 4, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004002905/http://www.ny1.com/content/139318/mta-holds-tryouts-for-subway-performers |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.ny1.com/content/news_beats/transit/161317/performers-audition-for-coveted-mta-subway-slots| title=Performers Audition For Coveted MTA Subway Slots| work=[[NY1]]| date=May 16, 2012| access-date=May 16, 2012}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> There are now more than 100 musicians and performers in the subway system.{{cn}} There are only 129 open [[restroom]]s in 77 of the system's stations.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Heather |last1=Haddon |first2=Nicholas |last2=Klopsis |title=Flush with filth: Many subway station bathrooms dirty, or locked up |url=http://amny.com/urbanite-1.812039/flush-with-filth-many-subway-station-bathrooms-dirty-or-locked-up-1.1857262 |newspaper=[[AM New York]] |date=April 11, 2010 |access-date=April 16, 2010 |archive-date=April 15, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100415055401/http://amny.com/urbanite-1.812039/flush-with-filth-many-subway-station-bathrooms-dirty-or-locked-up-1.1857262 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Some platforms have newspaper stands as well. They sell many things, including [[newspaper]]s and [[food]]. There are also [[Shop|store]]s in some stations.<ref>[http://mta.info/news/stories/?story=93 Trendy Shops in the Subway] MTA.info website. Made August 26, 2010. Retrieved September 2, 2010.</ref> ==Lines and routes== [[File:R142 Sign.jpg|thumb|A digital sign on the side of an [[R142 (New York City Subway car)|R142]] subway car on the '''4''' Line.]] [[File:Subway elevated2.jpg|thumb|right|The 125th Street station on the IRT 7th Avenue Line.]] In other cities' subway systems, a train "line" is the same as a train "route". In New York City's subway system, however, the "line" is the actual tracks, which a train "route" uses. "Routes", also called "services", have a letter or a number, such as "1" or "A". "Lines" have names, like [[BMT Broadway Line]].<ref>{{cite web |title=How to Ride the Subway |url=https://new.mta.info/guides/riding-the-subway |access-date=May 12, 2013}}</ref> There are 24 train services. This includes 3 "shuttle" routes. Each route has a color. Raleigh D'Adamo, a lawyer who entered a contest in 1964, planned the colors that are used on subway maps now. Before, subway maps used different colors for every route.<ref>Polytechnic University Cable 34:2 Winter 2007 p.7</ref> People who live in New York City do not call lines and services by color (such as, Blue Line or Green Line). However, tourists often use colors to tell between routes.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cox|first=Bobby|title=New York City Subway|url=http://www.deafecho.com/2005/12/new-york-city-subway/|work=Deaf Echo|access-date=September 21, 2013|archive-date=November 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102050242/http://www.deafecho.com/2005/12/new-york-city-subway/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rules of The Subway|url=http://www.fodors.com/community/united-states/rules-of-the-subway-168800-3.cfm|work=Fodors|access-date=September 21, 2013}}</ref> There are three different types of subway services. "Local" trains make all stops at "local" stations as well as at "express" stations. "Express" trains skip local stations, but stop at "express" stations. There is one "skip-stop" service, the J/Z, where two train routes run on the same line; each route only stops at every other station along the line.{{cn}} The subway system runs 24 hours a day and 7 days a week, but some routes do not run when not many people ride the subway.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://travel.mtanyct.info/serviceadvisory/default.aspx|title=NYCT - Service Advisory|website=travel.mtanyct.info|access-date=2015-02-11|archive-date=2015-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213040351/http://travel.mtanyct.info/serviceadvisory/Default.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> When a line is closed, the transit authority uses free shuttle buses.<ref>Finnegan, Jack, Belden Merims and Jennifer Cecil. ''Newcomer's Handbook for Moving to and Living in New York City: Including Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Queens, Staten Island, and Northern New Jersey''. First Books Inc., Portland, Oregon. 2007. {{ISBN|978-0912301723}}. Page 336.</ref> The transit authority shows planned service changes on its website,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://travel.mtanyct.info/serviceadvisory/|title=NYCT - Service Advisory|website=travel.mtanyct.info|access-date=2015-02-11|archive-date=2017-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721014529/http://travel.mtanyct.info/serviceadvisory/|url-status=dead}}</ref> on station walls, inside subway cars,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mta.info/nyct/service/servInfo/PresidentLetter_servInfo.htm|title=A Better Way To Know How To Go: Subway Service Information|access-date=2015-02-11|archive-date=2014-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221170610/http://mta.info/nyct/service/servInfo/PresidentLetter_servInfo.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> and through its [[Twitter]] page.<ref>https://twitter.com/NYCTSubway NYCT Subway Service: Official source for NYC Transit news & planned subway service changes</ref> ===Trunk lines=== {{NYCS const/table|style=margin:0 0 1 0}} ===Routes=== {{unsourced section|date=August 2023}} There are many routes on the subway. Many people who have never ridden on the subway get confused because there are so many routes going to so many different places. The subway has signs that hang from the stations' ceilings to show the routes and where they go. <div align=center> {{col-begin}}{{col-break}} Routes on the "A Division", which used to be the Interborough Rapid Transit Company, are: {|class="wikitable" !Route !Name |- !style="text-align:left"|{{NYCS symbol|1}} |Broadway-Seventh Avenue Local |- !style="text-align:left"|{{NYCS symbol|2}} |Broadway-Seventh Avenue Express |- !style="text-align:left"|{{NYCS symbol|3}} |Broadway-Seventh Avenue Express |- !style="text-align:left"|{{NYCS symbol|4}} |Lexington Avenue Express |- !style="text-align:left"|{{NYCS symbol|5}} |Lexington Avenue Express |- !style="text-align:left"|{{NYCS symbol|6}}{{NYCS symbol|6}} |Lexington Avenue Local |- !style="text-align:left"|{{NYCS symbol|7}}{{NYCS symbol|7d}} |Flushing Local/Express |- !style="text-align:left"|{{NYCS symbol|0}} |42nd Street Shuttle |- |} {{col-break|gap=3em}} Routes on the "B Division", which used to belong to the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation and Independent Subway System, are: {|class="wikitable" !Route !Name !Route !Name |- !style="text-align:left"|{{NYCS symbol|A}} |Eighth Avenue Express !style="text-align:left"|{{NYCS symbol|L}} |Canarsie Local |- !style="text-align:left"|{{NYCS symbol|B}} |Sixth Avenue Express !style="text-align:left"|{{NYCS symbol|M}} |Sixth Avenue Local |- !style="text-align:left"|{{NYCS symbol|C}} ||Eighth Avenue Local !style="text-align:left"|{{NYCS symbol|N}} ||Broadway Express |- !style="text-align:left"|{{NYCS symbol|D}} |Sixth Avenue Express !style="text-align:left"|{{NYCS symbol|Q}} |Broadway Express |- !style="text-align:left"|{{NYCS symbol|E}} |Eighth Avenue Local !style="text-align:left"|{{NYCS symbol|K}} |Broadway Local |- !style="text-align:left"|{{NYCS symbol|F}} |Sixth Avenue Local !style="text-align:left"|{{NYCS symbol|S}} |Franklin Avenue Shuttle |- !style="text-align:left"|{{NYCS symbol|G}} |Crosstown Local !style="text-align:left"|{{NYCS symbol|S}} |Rockaway Park Shuttle |- !style="text-align:left"|{{NYCS symbol|J}}{{NYCS symbol|Z}} |Nassau Street Local/Express !style="text-align:left"|{{NYCS symbol|W}} |Broadway Local |} {{col-end}} </div> == Fares == From [[1904]] until [[1948]], people paid a [[nickel]] to go into the subway.<ref>{{cite book |last=Cudahy |first=Brian |title=A Century of Subways: Celebrating 100 Years of New York's Underground Railways |url=https://archive.org/details/centuryofsubways0000cuda |isbn=0-8232-2292-6 |year=2003 |publisher=Fordham University Press}}, p. 28</ref> On July 1, 1948, the fare was raised to a [[dime]]. In July [[1953]], the fare was raised to 15 cents. The MTA gave out subway tokens, which people used to enter the subway. People stopped using tokens in [[2003]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nycsubway.org/wiki/New_York_City_Subway_Tokens|title=www.nycsubway.org: New York City Subway Tokens|website=www.nycsubway.org}}</ref> The fare is $2.90. Riders must pay with '''MetroCards or OMNY'''. The subway started using MetroCards in [[1994]]. At subway stations, riders can buy MetroCards from the station booth or from [[vending machine]]s. Riders can also buy MetroCards from many places in New York City, like [[convenience store]]s and [[newspaper]] sellers. ONMY later came out in 2019 as a testing fare for credit/debit cards on the 4/5/6 lines, to use for another way to pay for your subway fare. Once it succeeded, it expanded all throughout the NYCTA. Currently, it is planning to replace the MetroCard by 2024.{{cn}} == Rider safety == {{unsourced section|date=August 2023}} [[File:NYCS IRT Bway7thAve SouthFerry-Gapfiller.jpg|thumb|Small moving platform fills a gap in a curved station]] Riders are allowed to take pictures using cameras, but are not allowed to take pictures with [[camera]]s that flash or with cameras that are on tripods. Subway police can search riders to make sure they do not have weapons or other items that could be used to hurt other people. When riders get hurt, usually it is because they slip when they are getting on or off the train. This is because there is a gap between the train and the platform. In recent times, workers have made the gaps smaller to prevent people from slipping. Often messages are played from loudspeakers that say "Please watch the gap when entering and exiting the train". == Train safety == The MTA makes sure that New York City Subway trains run without accidents. There are [[switch|railroad switch]]es, [[traffic signal|railroad signal]]s, and [[speed limit]]s on the subway.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nycsubway.org/articles/signals.html|title=NYC Subway Signals|publisher=nycsubway.org |access-date=November 19, 2011 }}</ref> All tracks also have a stopper on the side. If the train passes a red signal, the stopper will stop the train.{{cn}} A black-and-white striped board hangs above the middle of each platform. The conductor has to point to the board in front of him or her. After the conductor points to the board, the train doors will open.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/30/new-york-subway-drivers-point_n_4178532.html |title=The New York Subway Signs Experiment Makes MTA Conductors Point At Something Else |publisher=huffingtonpost.com |author=Jane Janeczko |date=October 30, 2013 |access-date=December 10, 2013}}</ref> The subway has had over 56 train accidents since 1918.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nycsubway.org/faq/accidents.html|title=NYC Subway accidents|publisher=nycsubway.org |year=2009 |access-date=December 12, 2009 }}</ref> The Malbone Street Wreck on November 1, 1918 was the most deadly. That crash killed 93 people.<ref>{{Cite news | title = The Mayor to Begin B.R.T Inquiry Today | newspaper = The New York Times | location = New York, NY | page = 24 | date = November 1, 1918 | url = https://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=9804E5DE1239E13ABC4C53DFB7678383609EDE | access-date = December 12, 2009 | format=PDF}}</ref> Since the late 1990s and early 2000s, the MTA has experimented with [[Automatic train operation]]. New York City Subway trains normally run with a train conductor and a train operator. In 2006, the L train was the first route to be run by computers.<ref name="neuman-May22">{{cite news| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/22/nyregion/22subway.html | title = For Less Crowding on L Train, Think 2010, Report Says | access-date = 2007-05-24 | first=William | last=Neuman | date = 2007-05-22 | newspaper = The New York Times}}</ref> The 7 train is becoming the second route to be run by a computer.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Arden|first1=Patrick|last2=Ventura|first2=Michael P.|date=2007-04-12|title=Ready to roll on Second Ave: MTA's chief engineer dishes the dirt on their new dig|pages=1/2|newspaper=NY Metro|url=http://ny.metro.us/metro/local/article/Ready_to_roll_on_Second_Ave/7934.html|url-status=dead|access-date=2015-02-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113205448/http://ny.metro.us/metro/local/article/Ready_to_roll_on_Second_Ave/7934.html|archive-date=2009-01-13}}</ref> There are computers both on the train and along the side of the tracks. The computer does the engineer's job by driving and stopping the train. == References == {{reflist|30em}} {{NYCS-nav}} {{New York City}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Rail transport in the United States]] [[Category:1863 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:1860s establishments in New York (state)]] 8l5jhwuf4plorditmy5igbpztqvnmqo 0 91974 10368391 7350528 2025-07-02T22:32:39Z Ferien 1011873 Nominated for deletion; see [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/WayOutWest Records]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|Fails GNG}} '''WayOutWest Records''' is an [[independent record label]] from [[London]]. They have made singles and EPs by the following artists: *[[Cajun Dance Party]]<ref>http://www.xl-recordings.com/news/~cajun-dance-part/?first=1{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *[[Late of the Pier]] *Video Nasties *[[Laura Marling]] WayOutWest also manage a number of bands and [[solo artists]], such as the [[Cascade Mountain Boys]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wowestern.com/index.html|title=Way Out West Home Page|website=wowestern.com|access-date=2008-02-07|archive-date=2008-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080319144621/http://wowestern.com/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{music-stub}} [[Category:Independent record labels]] [[Category:British record labels]] fp92vt37gdtki5yicx50bihgoc6obje 0 97058 10369038 6038496 2025-07-03T05:51:40Z Huudk Jaska 1636048 References 10369038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Skyscraper |building_name= 900 North Michigan |image= 2005-09-20 1080x1920 chicago 900 north michigan.jpg |caption = 900 North Michigan |location= [[Chicago]]<br> {{flag|United States}} |floor_count= 66 |construction_start_date = |completion_date=[[1989]] |antenna_spire= 265 m (871 ft) }} '''900 North Michigan''' is a [[skyscraper]] in [[Chicago]], [[United States]]. It is 265 meters (871 feet) tall and has 66 floors. It was built in [[1989]] and is one of the [[tallest buildings in the world]]. == References == ==Related pages== * [[List of tallest buildings in Chicago]] * [[List of tallest buildings in the world]] ==Other websites== * [http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=116825 Emporis.com - 900 North Michigan] *[http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=161 SkycraperPage.com – 311 South Wacker900 North Michigan] {{Skyscrapers in Chicago}} {{US-geo-stub}} [[Category:Skyscrapers in Chicago]] [[Category:1989 establishments in Illinois]] jhnwxf080ioltaihmb7f4vk14jpbkn0 10369045 10369038 2025-07-03T05:56:07Z Huudk Jaska 1636048 10369045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Skyscraper |building_name= 900 North Michigan |image= 2005-09-20 1080x1920 chicago 900 north michigan.jpg |caption = 900 North Michigan |location= [[Chicago]]<br> {{flag|United States}} |floor_count= 66 |construction_start_date = |completion_date=[[1989]] |antenna_spire= 265 m (871 ft) }} '''900 North Michigan''' is a [[skyscraper]] in [[Chicago]], [[United States]]. It is 265 meters (871 feet) tall and has 66 floors. It was built in [[1989]] and is one of the [[tallest buildings in the world]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=900 North Michigan, Chicago|url=http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=900northmichigan-chicago-il-usa|access-date=2025-07-03|website=www.emporis.com}}</ref> == References == <references /> ==Related pages== * [[List of tallest buildings in Chicago]] * [[List of tallest buildings in the world]] ==Other websites== * [http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=116825 Emporis.com - 900 North Michigan] *[http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=161 SkycraperPage.com – 311 South Wacker900 North Michigan] {{Skyscrapers in Chicago}} {{US-geo-stub}} [[Category:Skyscrapers in Chicago]] [[Category:1989 establishments in Illinois]] eeaplicc72z8c54vm4lu1phgwh368zb 0 97945 10368293 10364471 2025-07-02T21:39:04Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C not mentioned in genres 10368293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use American English|date=June 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=June 2025}} {{Infobox television | image = ArthurTVLogo.svg | genre = {{Plainlist| * [[Cartoon series|Animation]] * [[Educational]] * [[Problem solving]] }} | based_on = {{based_on|Characters|[[Marc Brown (author)|Marc Brown]]}} | developer = {{Plainlist| *Kathy Waugh *Marc Brown }} | director = Greg Bailey | theme_music_composer = {{Plainlist| *Judy Henderson *Jerry de Villiers Jr. }} | opentheme = {{Theme song|"Believe in Yourself"|[[Ziggy Marley and the Melody Makers]]}} | endtheme = "Believe in Yourself" (instrumental) | composer = [[Ray Fabi (music composer)|Ray Fabi]] | country = {{Plainlist| *United States *Canada }} | language = English | num_seasons = 25 | num_episodes = 253 (493 segments) | list_episodes = List of Arthur episodes | executive_producer = {{Plainlist| *Marc Brown <small>(seasons 10–25)</small> *[[Micheline Charest]] <small>(seasons 1–4)</small> *Carol Greenwald *Peter Moss <small>(seasons 5–6)</small> *Andrew Porporino *Lesley Taylor *Toper Taylor *Pierre Valette *David Thomas *Pamela Slavin *Vince Commisso }} | producer = {{Plainlist| *[[Ronald A. Weinberg]] <small>(seasons 1–4)</small> *Cassandra Schafhausen *Lesley Taylor *Greg Bailey *Diane Dallaire *Tolon Brown }} | runtime = 26 minutes (13-minute half segments) | company = {{Plainlist| *[[Marc Brown Studios]] <small>(seasons 5–25; uncredited in seasons 5–7 and 9–25)</small> *[[Cookie Jar Group]]{{efn|Previously known as CINAR Films for the first two seasons, and then later known as CINAR Corporation between the third and eighth seasons}} <small>(seasons 1–15)</small> *[[9 Story Media Group]]{{efn|Known as 9 Story Entertainment for the sixteenth and seventeenth seasons}} <small>(seasons 16–19)</small> *Oasis Animation <small>(seasons 20–25)</small> *[[WGBH-TV|WGBH Boston]] }} | network = [[PBS]] <small>([[PBS Kids]])</small> | first_aired = {{start date|1996|10|07}} | last_aired = {{end date|2022|02|21}} | related = ''[[Postcards from Buster]]'' }} '''''Arthur''''' is an American [[cartoon series|animated television series]] developed by [[Kathy Waugh]] and [[Marc Brown (author)|Marc Brown]] and produced by [[WGBH-TV|WGBH Boston]] for [[PBS]]. Based on Brown's ''Arthur'' book series, it is set in the fictional American city of Elwood City and resolves around the lives of [[Arthur Read]], an anthropomorphic [[aardvark]], his friends and family, and their daily interactions with each other. The series concluded during its 25-season run, the series broadcast 253 half-hour episodes (including specials and a film ''[[Arthur's Missing Pal]]'') ran from October 7, 1996 to February 21, 2022 on [[PBS Kids]] (formerly [[PBS Kids Go!]]) in the US and January 6, 1997 to May 19, 2022 on [[TVOKids]] in Canada. It was the fifth [[list of longest-running American television series|longest-running]] animated series in the United States, behind ''[[The Simpsons]]'', ''[[South Park]]'', ''[[Family Guy]]'', and ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]''. ==Characters== {{main|List of Arthur characters}} Arthur Timothy Read is the main character and protagonist of the series, who focuses the immediate family with most episodes involving Arthur, his youngest sister Dora Winifred and Kate, their parents David and Jane, and their dog Pal. His closest friends include Alan "The Brain" Powers, Binky Barnes, Buster Baxter, Francine Frensky, Mary Alice Crosswire, and Sue Ellen Armstrong, along with others as Fern Walters, George Lundgren, Jenna Morgan, and Prunella Deegan as frequent supporting characters. The adults in ''Arthur'' play important roles: Mr. and Mrs. Read display a significant amount of stress from parenting, Arthur's friends' parents are shown struggling in middle-class jobs, and Mr. Ratburn's endures and expectations of teaching elementary school. Even in difficult, adult situations, these grownups maintain a cheerful attitude. Arthur, Dora Winifred, and Kate also visit their paternal grandmother, Thora Read, and maternal grandfather, Grandpa Dave. <!-- ==Broadcast== --> ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{IMDb title|0169414|Arthur (TV series)}} * {{tv.com|2804|Arthur (TV series)}} {{Navboxes | title = ''Arthur'' | list = {{Arthur (TV series)}} {{Former PBS Kids original programming}} }} {{wikiquote}} [[Category:1990s American animated television series]] [[Category:1990s American children's television series]] [[Category:1990s American television series debuts]] [[Category:1990s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:1996 American television series debuts]] [[Category:1997 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:2000s American children's television series]] [[Category:2000s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:2000s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:2010s American animated television series]] [[Category:2010s American children's television series]] [[Category:2010s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:2010s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:2020s American animated television series]] [[Category:2020s American children's television series]] [[Category:2020s American television series endings]] [[Category:2020s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:2020s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:2020s Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:2022 American television series endings]] [[Category:2022 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:American animated television series]] [[Category:American children's television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:Animated television series about cats]] [[Category:Animated television series about children]] [[Category:Animated television series about dogs]] [[Category:Arthur (TV series)]] [[Category:Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:CBBC shows]] [[Category:CBeebies]] [[Category:Children's television series about talking animals]] [[Category:Emmy Award winning programs]] [[Category:Flash animation]] [[Category:PBS Kids shows]] [[Category:Peabody Award winners]] [[Category:Television series about animals]] [[Category:Television series about families]] [[Category:Television series about friendship]] [[Category:Television series by Cookie Jar Entertainment]] [[Category:TVOKids shows]] 7svkhew6ol6uabkdc4xb44tfsapj9w4 0 100600 10367692 10364444 2025-07-02T13:33:17Z CallumBen13 1611993 /* The Simpson family */ 10367692 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''[[The Simpsons]]''''' is an animated television sitcom. This is a list of ''The Simpsons'' characters. ==The Simpson family== * '''[[Homer Simpson|Homer J. Simpson]]''', the father, who is [[Obesity|overweight]], lazy and works at a nuclear [[power plant|power]] plant and likes doughnuts:) * '''[[Marge Simpson]] '''(née Bouvier), the mother, a housewife, who is very tolerant (understanding) of her family. * '''[[Bart Simpson]]''', the 10-year-old son, who gets in trouble. * '''[[Lisa Simpson]]''', the 8-year-old daughter, who is very smart. * '''[[Maggie Simpson]]''', the baby girl, who can not talk. She talks once and never speaks again. She is always doing mischief. * '''[[Abraham Simpson|"Grandpa" Abe Simpson]]''', the father of Homer Simpson. He lives in an old folk's home. {{anchor|Patty and Selma}} * '''Patty and Selma Bouvier''', Marge's sisters, who have rough voices and often smoke [[cigarette]]s. Note that in one episode, Patty is revealed to be a [[lesbian]]. Selma has been married several times. {{anchor|Mona Simpson}} * '''Mona Simpson''', the deceased mother of Homer Simpson; wife of Abe Simpson. * '''[[Santa's Little Helper]]''', the family [[dog]], a former racing [[greyhound]]. * '''[[Snowball (The Simpsons)|Snowball]]s (I-V)''' and '''Coltrane''', pet [[cats]]. All have died at one point in the series. The current cat is Snowball V (though she is called Snowball II) {{anchor|Ling Bouvier}} * '''Ling Bouvier''', The adopted daughter of Patty and Selma * '''Amos Simpson''', He is the oldest Simpsons relative known he is probably born in the 1500s or 1600s. * '''Jacqueline Bouvier''', Marge's mother. {{anchor|Clancy Bouvier}} * '''Clancy Bouvier''', Marge's deceased father. == Other characters == Some of the many different characters who appeared on the show include: * '''[[Mr. Burns|Montgomery Burns]]''', Homer's greedy, evil [[boss]]. * '''[[Waylon Smithers]]''', [[Mr. Burns|Montgomery Burns]]' assistant * '''[[Moe Szyslak]]''', a grumpy [[Bar (business)|bartender]]. * '''[[Barney Gumble]]''', one of Homer's friends, a gifted [[Alcoholism|alcoholic]]. {{anchor|Kent Brockman}} * '''Kent Brockman''', a television [[news]] [[news reporter|journalist]]. {{anchor|Mayor Quimby}} * '''Mayor Quimby''', the corrupt [[mayor]] of Springfield. * '''Lenny Leonard and Carl Carlson''', two of Homer's coworkers. {{anchor|Krusty the Clown}} * '''Krusty the Clown''', TV star and host of a popular [[Children]]'s/[[Comedy]]/[[Variety]] show who smokes and drinks a lot. {{anchor|Dr. Hibbert}} * '''Doctor Hibbert''', the Simpsons' family doctor. * '''[[Ned Flanders]]''', the Simpsons' [[religion|religious]] [[religion|devout]] neighbor he has two shy children and his wife Maude died in season 11. {{anchor|Rod and Todd Flanders}} * '''Rod and Todd Flanders''', Ned's children. {{anchor|Maude Flanders}} * '''Maude Flanders''', Ned's dead wife. {{anchor|Kang and Kodos}} * '''Kang and Kodos''', two aliens that appear in every Treehouse of Horror their other sibling roger doesn't appear in any other Treehouse of Horror except the first * '''[[Milhouse Van Houten]]''', Bart's [[nerd]]y best friend his parents are Kirk and Luann. {{anchor|Sherri and Terri}} * '''Sherri and Terri''', they’re two twins there's not munch known about them * '''[[Nelson Muntz]]''', school [[bully]] {{anchor|Comic Book Guy}} * '''Comic Book Guy''', [[comic book]] store owner * '''Apu Nahasapeemapetilon''', convenience store owner his wife is Manjula he has eight infant children. There have been protests that he is a [[Racism|racist]] [[stereotype]] of [[South Asia]]n people. * '''Martin Prince''', he is the bully's target besides Milhouse and he is also very smart. * '''[[Principal Skinner|Seymour Skinner]]''', [[principal]] of the [[school]] * '''[[Chief Wiggum]]''', incompetent chief of [[police]] who's son is Ralph. * '''[[Ralph Wiggum]]''', the weird son of Chief Wiggum. * '''Jasper Beardly''', friend of Grandpa's. * '''Captain McCallister''', sea [[captain]]. {{anchor|Otto Mann}} * '''Otto Mann''', bus driver. {{anchor|Bumblebee Man}} * '''Bumblebee Man''', [[Spanish language|Spanish]]-speaking TV actor. * '''Itchy and Scratchy''', cartoon cat and mouse who are a different more violent version of [[Tom and Jerry]]. * '''Jimbo Jones''', leader of the bullies when Nelson is not around and strongest of the bullies. * '''Snake''' (Jailbird), robber and criminal. * '''Old Gil Gunderson''', a salesman who has bad luck. {{anchor|Sideshow Bob}} * '''Sideshow Bob (Robert Terwilliger)''', was Krusty the Clown's assistant before he was jailed after framing Krusty for [[armed robbery]]. ** He was [[wedding|married]] to Selma once, has tried to kill Bart several times, and has gone to prison. {{anchor|Fat Tony}} * '''Fat Tony''', the town's chief gangster who has a group of mobsters, including Legs and Louie, and occasionally Icepick and Johnny Tightlips. He died in Season 22 and was replaced by his slimmer cousin. * '''Sideshow Cecil (Cecil Terwilliger)''', Sideshow Bob's somewhat evil brother, who was also once a clown. * '''Janey Powell''', Lisa's best friend. {{anchor|Rainier Wolfcastle}} * '''Rainier Wolfcastle''', The [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]]-like [[Hollywood]] action hero of Springfield who is in a lot of movies in Springfield. {{anchor|Dewey Largo}} * '''Mr. Largo''', the Springfield Elementary music teacher. {{anchor|Tobias Drundridge}} * '''Tobias''', the [[Stereotype|stereotypical]] Australian boy [[telephone]]d by Bart in the episode "Bart vs. Australia". * '''Superintendent Chalmers''', The superintendent of all Springfield elementary schools who does not like Principal Skinner. {{anchor|Agnes Skinner}} * '''Agnes Skinner''', The mean mother of Principal Skinner. * '''[[Edna Krabappel|Mrs. Krabappel]] and Ms. Hoover''', Bart and Lisa's teachers, who both do not want to teach because they do not have relationships. * '''[[Groundskeeper Willie]]''', janitor at Springfield Elementary School. * '''Cletus''', the hillbilly of Springfield, has a wife named Brandine and have about 30 children. * '''[[Hans Moleman]]''', a man who drinks and says he's only 31 years old, while he looks old. {{anchor|Sideshow Mel}} * '''Sideshow Mel''', Krusty's second assistant who replaced Bob after going to prison for trying to frame Krusty for [[armed robbery]]. He does not say much on the Krusty show (talks with a whistle) and once tried to get gum out of his hair with a bone ....it just made matters worse. * '''Dolph Starbeam''' youngest of the bully trio * '''Professor Frink''' He is the [[nerd]] of the show. * '''Kearney Zzyzwick''' Toughest of the bullies. * '''The Yes Guy''' Recurring character that answers everything with a strung out Y-y-y-y-e-e-e-e-s-s-s? * '''Squeaky Voice Teen''', recurring character that has a squeaky voice and is known to have a job advertising burgers. * '''Wendell Borton''', a kid that usually would throw up. * '''[[Troy McClure]]''', an actor in TV, Radio and films he once almost married Selma. {{anchor|Lionel Hutz}} * '''Lionel Hutz''', an incompetent lawyer. * '''Judge Roy Snyder''', the main judge in Springfield's court. * '''Lou and Eddie''', police cops of Springfield. * '''Legs and Louie''', Mafia members. * '''[[Reverend Lovejoy]]''', reverend of the church. {{anchor|Helen Lovejoy}} * '''Helen Lovejoy''', wife of the reverend. * '''Üter Zörker''', German exchange student who eats chocolate. * '''Database''', smartest of all the children in school. * '''Manjula''', Apu's wife. {{anchor|Kirk and Luann}} * '''Kirk and Luann''', Milhouse's parents. * '''Old Jewish Man''', one of Abe's friends. {{anchor|Allison Taylor}} * '''Allison Taylor''', one of Lisa's only friends. {{anchor|Arnie Pye}} * '''Arnie Pye''', Brockman's rival. {{anchor|Blue-Haired Lawyer}} * '''Blue-Haired Lawyer''', one of Mr. Burns' lawyers. * '''Richard and Lewis''', one of Bart's friends. {{anchor|Dr. Marvin Monroe}} * '''Dr. Marvin Monroe''', psychologist. * '''Rich Texan''', crazy Texan. * '''Drederick Tatum''', boxer. * '''Wiseguy''', has jobs everywhere. * '''Sanjay''', Apu's brother. {{anchor|Sam and Larry}} * '''Sam and Larry''', barflies at Moe's. * '''Bernice''', Hibbert's wife. * '''Mrs. Glick''', Retirement castle resident. * '''Disco Stu''', loves disco. * '''Hyman Krustofsky''', Krusty's father. * '''Lindsey Naegle''', business woman. *'''Sophie Krustofsky''', Krusty's daughter. * '''Martin Prince Sr.''', Martin's dad. * '''Martha Prince''', Martin's mom. * '''Brandine Spuckler''', Cletus's wife. * '''Luigi''', Italian chef. * '''Radioactive Man''', Comic book character. * '''Duffman''', mascot of duff. * '''Doris Freedman''', Lunchlady and mother of Squeaky Voiced Teen. * '''Cookie Kwan''', one of Marge's friends. * '''Benjamin, Doug and Gary''', nerds at Springfield University. * '''Akira''', Asian guy who works at the Happy Sumo. * '''Artie Ziff''', Marge's prom date. * '''Arthur Crandall and Gabbo''', ventriloquist and puppet. * '''Gerald''', Maggie's enemy. * '''Bill and Marty''', radio hosts of KBBL. * '''Billy''', Troy McClure's assistant. * '''Birch Barlow''', works at the radio. * '''Bleeding Gums Murphy''', Lisa's saxophone teacher and idol. * '''Blinky''', mutated fish with three eyes. * '''Booberella''', vampire actor of children's television. * '''Brunella Pommelhorst''', gym teacher. * '''Capitol City Goofball''', mascot of Capitol City. * '''Lance Murdock''', daredevil. * '''Charlie''', works at the Nuclear Plant. * '''Kumiko''', married wife of Comic Book Guy. * '''Chase/Pyro''', Luann's boyfriend. * '''Lugash''', gym teacher. * '''Corporal Punishment''', character in the Krusty the Clown Show. He never speaks. * '''Crazy Cat Lady''', old lady who owns a lot of cats. * '''Crusher and Lowblow''', Burn's goons. * '''Dave Shutton''', reporter. * '''Declan Desmond''', documentary maker. * '''Doctor Colossus''', blue, evil, crazy guy. * '''Fallout Boy''', Radioactive Man's sidekick. * '''Francesca Terwilliger''', Sideshow Bob's wife. * '''Frankie The Squealer''', target of the mafia. * '''Gino''', Sideshow Bob's son. * '''Gloria''', Snake's girlfriend. * '''God''', the all mighty. * '''Grady and Julio''', two gay men. {{anchor|Greta Wolfcastle}} * '''Greta''', Wolfcastle's daughter. * '''Gunter and Ernst''', two tiger tamers. * '''Anastasia''', tiger pet of Gunter and Ernst. * '''Happy Little Elves''', one of Lisa's favorite cartoons. * '''Jack Marley''', former Nuclear Plant worker. * '''Jay Sherman''', film critic. * '''Jebediah Springfield''', founder of Springfield. * '''Johnny Tightlips''', mafia member. * '''Joey''', another mafia member who temporarily joined the Callibricis goons then appears in the mafia again. * '''Jub-Jub''', Selma's pet. * '''Constance Harm''', strict judge. {{anchor|Just Stamp the Ticket Man}} * '''Just Stamp the Ticket Man''', angry and sarcastic man. {{anchor|Dr. J. Loren Pryor}} * '''J. Loren Pryor''', psychologist. * '''Kearney Zzyzwicz Jr.''', Kearney's son. * '''Leopold''', Chalmer's assistant. * '''Lois Pennycandy''', Krusty's attractive assistant. * '''Lucius Sweet''', Tatum's boxing manager. {{anchor|Lurleen Lumpkin}} * '''Lurleen Lumpkin''', country singer. * '''Martha Prince''', Mayor's wife. * '''Mary Bailey''', governor. * '''Mary Spuckler''', Bart's ex. * '''Mayor Quimby's Body Guards''', Body Guards. * '''Ms. Albright''', Sunday school teacher. * '''Miss Springfield''', Mayor Quimby's girlfriend. * '''Mr. Costington''', owner of Costington's. * '''Mr. Teeny''', Krusty's monkey. * '''Mrs. Muntz''', Nelson's mom. * '''Octuplets''', Apu and Manjula's babies. * '''Jake''', barber. * '''Opal''', TV star of the Opal Show. * '''Patches and Poor Violet''', orphans. {{anchor|Plopper}} * '''Plopper''', Homer's pet pig. {{anchor|Poochie}} * '''Poochie''', former dog character in the Itchy & Scratchy Show. * '''Princess Kashmir''', belly dancer. * '''Principal Dondelinger''', Homer and Marge's former principal. * '''Rachel Jordan''', Christian singer. * '''Roger Meyers Jr.''', boss of the Itchy & Scratchy crew. {{anchor|Ruth Powers}} * '''Ruth Powers''', Marge's criminal and drunken friend. {{anchor|Sarah Wiggum}} * '''Sarah Wiggum''', Chief Wiggum's wife. * '''Scott Christian''', former news reporter. {{anchor|Shauna Chalmers}} * '''Shauna''', Jimbo's ex. * '''Stampy''', Bart's former elephant pet. * '''State Comptroller Atkins''', State Comptroller. * '''Tina Ballerina''', character in The Krusty the Clown Show. * '''The Warden''', warden of Juvie. * '''Vanderbilts''', rich couple. * '''Weasels''', Nelson two twin cronies. * '''Mr. Winfield''', former neighbor of the Simpsons. * '''Sylvia Winfield''', former neighbor of the Simpsons. * '''Hank Scorpio''', evil guy who befriends Homer. {{anchor|Frank Grimes}} * '''Frank Grimes''', former employee of the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant. {{anchor|Frank Grimes Jr.}} * '''Frank Grimes Jr.''', Frank Grimes' son. * '''Shary Bobbins''', magic babysitter. * '''Trent Steel,''' business man that inspires Homer to change his name to "Max Power" * '''Dr. Nick Riviera''', an incompetent doctor, who most likely doesn't even has a medical license ==Other websites== * [https://simpsonswiki.com/wiki/Category:Characters Characters index] on the WikiSimpsons fan site {{The Simpsons}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Simpsons characters}} [[Category:The Simpsons characters|*]] [[Category:Lists of television characters]] hqmvgccampjr5plq6agnrmmiv9fc14v 10369391 10367692 2025-07-03T11:00:30Z CallumBen13 1611993 10369391 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''[[The Simpsons]]''''' is an animated television sitcom. This is a list of ''The Simpsons'' characters. ==The Simpson family== * '''[[Homer Simpson|Homer J. Simpson]]''', the father, who is [[Obesity|overweight]], lazy and works at a nuclear [[power plant|power]] plant and likes doughnuts:) * '''[[Marge Simpson]] '''(née Bouvier), the mother, a housewife, who is very tolerant (understanding) of her family. * '''[[Bart Simpson]]''', the 10-year-old son, who gets in trouble. * '''[[Lisa Simpson]]''', the 8-year-old daughter, who is very smart. * '''[[Maggie Simpson]]''', the baby girl, who can not talk. She talks once and never speaks again. She is always doing mischief. * '''[[Abraham Simpson|"Grandpa" Abe Simpson]]''', the father of Homer Simpson. He lives in an old folk's home. {{anchor|Patty and Selma}} * '''Patty and Selma Bouvier''', Marge's sisters, who have rough voices and often smoke [[cigarette]]s. Note that in one episode, Patty is revealed to be a [[lesbian]]. Selma has been married several times. {{anchor|Mona Simpson}} * '''Mona Simpson''', the deceased mother of Homer Simpson; wife of Abe Simpson. * '''[[Santa's Little Helper]]''', the family [[dog]], a former racing [[greyhound]]. * '''[[Snowball (The Simpsons)|Snowball]]s (I-V)''' and '''Coltrane''', pet [[cats]]. All have died at one point in the series. The current cat is Snowball V (though she is called Snowball II) {{anchor|Ling Bouvier}} * '''Ling Bouvier''', The adopted daughter of Patty and Selma * '''Amos Simpson''', He is the oldest Simpsons relative known he is probably born in the 1500s or 1600s. {{anchor|Jacqueline Bouvier}} * '''Jacqueline Bouvier''', Marge's mother. {{anchor|Clancy Bouvier}} * '''Clancy Bouvier''', Marge's deceased father. == Other characters == Some of the many different characters who appeared on the show include: * '''[[Mr. Burns|Montgomery Burns]]''', Homer's greedy, evil [[boss]]. * '''[[Waylon Smithers]]''', [[Mr. Burns|Montgomery Burns]]' assistant * '''[[Moe Szyslak]]''', a grumpy [[Bar (business)|bartender]]. * '''[[Barney Gumble]]''', one of Homer's friends, a gifted [[Alcoholism|alcoholic]]. {{anchor|Kent Brockman}} * '''Kent Brockman''', a television [[news]] [[news reporter|journalist]]. {{anchor|Mayor Quimby}} * '''Mayor Quimby''', the corrupt [[mayor]] of Springfield. * '''Lenny Leonard and Carl Carlson''', two of Homer's coworkers. {{anchor|Krusty the Clown}} * '''Krusty the Clown''', TV star and host of a popular [[Children]]'s/[[Comedy]]/[[Variety]] show who smokes and drinks a lot. {{anchor|Dr. Hibbert}} * '''Doctor Hibbert''', the Simpsons' family doctor. * '''[[Ned Flanders]]''', the Simpsons' [[religion|religious]] [[religion|devout]] neighbor he has two shy children and his wife Maude died in season 11. {{anchor|Rod and Todd Flanders}} * '''Rod and Todd Flanders''', Ned's children. {{anchor|Maude Flanders}} * '''Maude Flanders''', Ned's dead wife. {{anchor|Kang and Kodos}} * '''Kang and Kodos''', two aliens that appear in every Treehouse of Horror their other sibling roger doesn't appear in any other Treehouse of Horror except the first * '''[[Milhouse Van Houten]]''', Bart's [[nerd]]y best friend his parents are Kirk and Luann. {{anchor|Sherri and Terri}} * '''Sherri and Terri''', they’re two twins there's not munch known about them * '''[[Nelson Muntz]]''', school [[bully]] {{anchor|Comic Book Guy}} * '''Comic Book Guy''', [[comic book]] store owner * '''Apu Nahasapeemapetilon''', convenience store owner his wife is Manjula he has eight infant children. There have been protests that he is a [[Racism|racist]] [[stereotype]] of [[South Asia]]n people. * '''Martin Prince''', he is the bully's target besides Milhouse and he is also very smart. * '''[[Principal Skinner|Seymour Skinner]]''', [[principal]] of the [[school]] * '''[[Chief Wiggum]]''', incompetent chief of [[police]] who's son is Ralph. * '''[[Ralph Wiggum]]''', the weird son of Chief Wiggum. * '''Jasper Beardly''', friend of Grandpa's. * '''Captain McCallister''', sea [[captain]]. {{anchor|Otto Mann}} * '''Otto Mann''', bus driver. {{anchor|Bumblebee Man}} * '''Bumblebee Man''', [[Spanish language|Spanish]]-speaking TV actor. * '''Itchy and Scratchy''', cartoon cat and mouse who are a different more violent version of [[Tom and Jerry]]. * '''Jimbo Jones''', leader of the bullies when Nelson is not around and strongest of the bullies. * '''Snake''' (Jailbird), robber and criminal. * '''Old Gil Gunderson''', a salesman who has bad luck. {{anchor|Sideshow Bob}} * '''Sideshow Bob (Robert Terwilliger)''', was Krusty the Clown's assistant before he was jailed after framing Krusty for [[armed robbery]]. ** He was [[wedding|married]] to Selma once, has tried to kill Bart several times, and has gone to prison. {{anchor|Fat Tony}} * '''Fat Tony''', the town's chief gangster who has a group of mobsters, including Legs and Louie, and occasionally Icepick and Johnny Tightlips. He died in Season 22 and was replaced by his slimmer cousin. * '''Sideshow Cecil (Cecil Terwilliger)''', Sideshow Bob's somewhat evil brother, who was also once a clown. * '''Janey Powell''', Lisa's best friend. {{anchor|Rainier Wolfcastle}} * '''Rainier Wolfcastle''', The [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]]-like [[Hollywood]] action hero of Springfield who is in a lot of movies in Springfield. {{anchor|Dewey Largo}} * '''Mr. Largo''', the Springfield Elementary music teacher. {{anchor|Tobias Drundridge}} * '''Tobias''', the [[Stereotype|stereotypical]] Australian boy [[telephone]]d by Bart in the episode "Bart vs. Australia". * '''Superintendent Chalmers''', The superintendent of all Springfield elementary schools who does not like Principal Skinner. {{anchor|Agnes Skinner}} * '''Agnes Skinner''', The mean mother of Principal Skinner. * '''[[Edna Krabappel|Mrs. Krabappel]] and Ms. Hoover''', Bart and Lisa's teachers, who both do not want to teach because they do not have relationships. * '''[[Groundskeeper Willie]]''', janitor at Springfield Elementary School. * '''Cletus''', the hillbilly of Springfield, has a wife named Brandine and have about 30 children. * '''[[Hans Moleman]]''', a man who drinks and says he's only 31 years old, while he looks old. {{anchor|Sideshow Mel}} * '''Sideshow Mel''', Krusty's second assistant who replaced Bob after going to prison for trying to frame Krusty for [[armed robbery]]. He does not say much on the Krusty show (talks with a whistle) and once tried to get gum out of his hair with a bone ....it just made matters worse. * '''Dolph Starbeam''' youngest of the bully trio * '''Professor Frink''' He is the [[nerd]] of the show. * '''Kearney Zzyzwick''' Toughest of the bullies. * '''The Yes Guy''' Recurring character that answers everything with a strung out Y-y-y-y-e-e-e-e-s-s-s? * '''Squeaky Voice Teen''', recurring character that has a squeaky voice and is known to have a job advertising burgers. * '''Wendell Borton''', a kid that usually would throw up. * '''[[Troy McClure]]''', an actor in TV, Radio and films he once almost married Selma. {{anchor|Lionel Hutz}} * '''Lionel Hutz''', an incompetent lawyer. * '''Judge Roy Snyder''', the main judge in Springfield's court. * '''Lou and Eddie''', police cops of Springfield. * '''Legs and Louie''', Mafia members. * '''[[Reverend Lovejoy]]''', reverend of the church. {{anchor|Helen Lovejoy}} * '''Helen Lovejoy''', wife of the reverend. * '''Üter Zörker''', German exchange student who eats chocolate. * '''Database''', smartest of all the children in school. * '''Manjula''', Apu's wife. {{anchor|Kirk and Luann}} * '''Kirk and Luann''', Milhouse's parents. * '''Old Jewish Man''', one of Abe's friends. {{anchor|Allison Taylor}} * '''Allison Taylor''', one of Lisa's only friends. {{anchor|Arnie Pye}} * '''Arnie Pye''', Brockman's rival. {{anchor|Blue-Haired Lawyer}} * '''Blue-Haired Lawyer''', one of Mr. Burns' lawyers. * '''Richard and Lewis''', one of Bart's friends. {{anchor|Dr. Marvin Monroe}} * '''Dr. Marvin Monroe''', psychologist. * '''Rich Texan''', crazy Texan. * '''Drederick Tatum''', boxer. * '''Wiseguy''', has jobs everywhere. * '''Sanjay''', Apu's brother. {{anchor|Sam and Larry}} * '''Sam and Larry''', barflies at Moe's. * '''Bernice''', Hibbert's wife. * '''Mrs. Glick''', Retirement castle resident. * '''Disco Stu''', loves disco. * '''Hyman Krustofsky''', Krusty's father. * '''Lindsey Naegle''', business woman. *'''Sophie Krustofsky''', Krusty's daughter. * '''Martin Prince Sr.''', Martin's dad. * '''Martha Prince''', Martin's mom. * '''Brandine Spuckler''', Cletus's wife. * '''Luigi''', Italian chef. * '''Radioactive Man''', Comic book character. * '''Duffman''', mascot of duff. * '''Doris Freedman''', Lunchlady and mother of Squeaky Voiced Teen. * '''Cookie Kwan''', one of Marge's friends. * '''Benjamin, Doug and Gary''', nerds at Springfield University. * '''Akira''', Asian guy who works at the Happy Sumo. * '''Artie Ziff''', Marge's prom date. * '''Arthur Crandall and Gabbo''', ventriloquist and puppet. * '''Gerald''', Maggie's enemy. * '''Bill and Marty''', radio hosts of KBBL. * '''Billy''', Troy McClure's assistant. * '''Birch Barlow''', works at the radio. * '''Bleeding Gums Murphy''', Lisa's saxophone teacher and idol. * '''Blinky''', mutated fish with three eyes. * '''Booberella''', vampire actor of children's television. * '''Brunella Pommelhorst''', gym teacher. * '''Capitol City Goofball''', mascot of Capitol City. * '''Lance Murdock''', daredevil. * '''Charlie''', works at the Nuclear Plant. * '''Kumiko''', married wife of Comic Book Guy. * '''Chase/Pyro''', Luann's boyfriend. * '''Lugash''', gym teacher. * '''Corporal Punishment''', character in the Krusty the Clown Show. He never speaks. * '''Crazy Cat Lady''', old lady who owns a lot of cats. * '''Crusher and Lowblow''', Burn's goons. * '''Dave Shutton''', reporter. * '''Declan Desmond''', documentary maker. * '''Doctor Colossus''', blue, evil, crazy guy. * '''Fallout Boy''', Radioactive Man's sidekick. * '''Francesca Terwilliger''', Sideshow Bob's wife. * '''Frankie The Squealer''', target of the mafia. * '''Gino''', Sideshow Bob's son. * '''Gloria''', Snake's girlfriend. * '''God''', the all mighty. * '''Grady and Julio''', two gay men. {{anchor|Greta Wolfcastle}} * '''Greta''', Wolfcastle's daughter. * '''Gunter and Ernst''', two tiger tamers. * '''Anastasia''', tiger pet of Gunter and Ernst. * '''Happy Little Elves''', one of Lisa's favorite cartoons. * '''Jack Marley''', former Nuclear Plant worker. * '''Jay Sherman''', film critic. * '''Jebediah Springfield''', founder of Springfield. * '''Johnny Tightlips''', mafia member. * '''Joey''', another mafia member who temporarily joined the Callibricis goons then appears in the mafia again. * '''Jub-Jub''', Selma's pet. * '''Constance Harm''', strict judge. {{anchor|Just Stamp the Ticket Man}} * '''Just Stamp the Ticket Man''', angry and sarcastic man. {{anchor|Dr. J. Loren Pryor}} * '''J. Loren Pryor''', psychologist. * '''Kearney Zzyzwicz Jr.''', Kearney's son. * '''Leopold''', Chalmer's assistant. * '''Lois Pennycandy''', Krusty's attractive assistant. * '''Lucius Sweet''', Tatum's boxing manager. {{anchor|Lurleen Lumpkin}} * '''Lurleen Lumpkin''', country singer. * '''Martha Prince''', Mayor's wife. * '''Mary Bailey''', governor. * '''Mary Spuckler''', Bart's ex. * '''Mayor Quimby's Body Guards''', Body Guards. * '''Ms. Albright''', Sunday school teacher. * '''Miss Springfield''', Mayor Quimby's girlfriend. * '''Mr. Costington''', owner of Costington's. * '''Mr. Teeny''', Krusty's monkey. * '''Mrs. Muntz''', Nelson's mom. * '''Octuplets''', Apu and Manjula's babies. * '''Jake''', barber. * '''Opal''', TV star of the Opal Show. * '''Patches and Poor Violet''', orphans. {{anchor|Plopper}} * '''Plopper''', Homer's pet pig. {{anchor|Poochie}} * '''Poochie''', former dog character in the Itchy & Scratchy Show. * '''Princess Kashmir''', belly dancer. * '''Principal Dondelinger''', Homer and Marge's former principal. * '''Rachel Jordan''', Christian singer. * '''Roger Meyers Jr.''', boss of the Itchy & Scratchy crew. {{anchor|Ruth Powers}} * '''Ruth Powers''', Marge's criminal and drunken friend. {{anchor|Sarah Wiggum}} * '''Sarah Wiggum''', Chief Wiggum's wife. * '''Scott Christian''', former news reporter. {{anchor|Shauna Chalmers}} * '''Shauna''', Jimbo's ex. * '''Stampy''', Bart's former elephant pet. * '''State Comptroller Atkins''', State Comptroller. * '''Tina Ballerina''', character in The Krusty the Clown Show. * '''The Warden''', warden of Juvie. * '''Vanderbilts''', rich couple. * '''Weasels''', Nelson two twin cronies. * '''Mr. Winfield''', former neighbor of the Simpsons. * '''Sylvia Winfield''', former neighbor of the Simpsons. * '''Hank Scorpio''', evil guy who befriends Homer. {{anchor|Frank Grimes}} * '''Frank Grimes''', former employee of the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant. {{anchor|Frank Grimes Jr.}} * '''Frank Grimes Jr.''', Frank Grimes' son. * '''Shary Bobbins''', magic babysitter. * '''Trent Steel,''' business man that inspires Homer to change his name to "Max Power" * '''Dr. Nick Riviera''', an incompetent doctor, who most likely doesn't even has a medical license ==Other websites== * [https://simpsonswiki.com/wiki/Category:Characters Characters index] on the WikiSimpsons fan site {{The Simpsons}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Simpsons characters}} [[Category:The Simpsons characters|*]] [[Category:Lists of television characters]] 5egckntzyzlbi1ewi3s39qy5kx93ddx 10369425 10369391 2025-07-03T11:19:29Z CallumBen13 1611993 10369425 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''[[The Simpsons]]''''' is an animated television sitcom. This is a list of ''The Simpsons'' characters. ==The Simpson family== * '''[[Homer Simpson|Homer J. Simpson]]''', the father, who is [[Obesity|overweight]], lazy and works at a nuclear [[power plant|power]] plant and likes doughnuts:) * '''[[Marge Simpson]] '''(née Bouvier), the mother, a housewife, who is very tolerant (understanding) of her family. * '''[[Bart Simpson]]''', the 10-year-old son, who gets in trouble. * '''[[Lisa Simpson]]''', the 8-year-old daughter, who is very smart. * '''[[Maggie Simpson]]''', the baby girl, who can not talk. She talks once and never speaks again. She is always doing mischief. * '''[[Abraham Simpson|"Grandpa" Abe Simpson]]''', the father of Homer Simpson. He lives in an old folk's home. {{anchor|Patty and Selma}} * '''Patty and Selma Bouvier''', Marge's sisters, who have rough voices and often smoke [[cigarette]]s. Note that in one episode, Patty is revealed to be a [[lesbian]]. Selma has been married several times. {{anchor|Mona Simpson}} * '''Mona Simpson''', the deceased mother of Homer Simpson; wife of Abe Simpson. * '''[[Santa's Little Helper]]''', the family [[dog]], a former racing [[greyhound]]. * '''[[Snowball (The Simpsons)|Snowball]]s (I-V)''' and '''Coltrane''', pet [[cats]]. All have died at one point in the series. The current cat is Snowball V (though she is called Snowball II) {{anchor|Ling Bouvier}} * '''Ling Bouvier''', The adopted daughter of Patty and Selma * '''Amos Simpson''', He is the oldest Simpsons relative known he is probably born in the 1500s or 1600s. {{anchor|Jacqueline Bouvier}} * '''Jacqueline Bouvier''', Marge's mother. {{anchor|Clancy Bouvier}} * '''Clancy Bouvier''', Marge's deceased father. == Other characters == Some of the many different characters who appeared on the show include: * '''[[Mr. Burns|Montgomery Burns]]''', Homer's greedy, evil [[boss]]. * '''[[Waylon Smithers]]''', [[Mr. Burns|Montgomery Burns]]' assistant * '''[[Moe Szyslak]]''', a grumpy [[Bar (business)|bartender]]. * '''[[Barney Gumble]]''', one of Homer's friends, a gifted [[Alcoholism|alcoholic]]. {{anchor|Kent Brockman}} * '''Kent Brockman''', a television [[news]] [[news reporter|journalist]]. {{anchor|Mayor Quimby}} * '''Mayor Quimby''', the corrupt [[mayor]] of Springfield. {{anchor|Lenny Leonard and Carl Carlson}} * '''Lenny Leonard and Carl Carlson''', two of Homer's coworkers. {{anchor|Krusty the Clown}} * '''Krusty the Clown''', TV star and host of a popular [[Children]]'s/[[Comedy]]/[[Variety]] show who smokes and drinks a lot. {{anchor|Dr. Hibbert}} * '''Doctor Hibbert''', the Simpsons' family doctor. * '''[[Ned Flanders]]''', the Simpsons' [[religion|religious]] [[religion|devout]] neighbor he has two shy children and his wife Maude died in season 11. {{anchor|Rod and Todd Flanders}} * '''Rod and Todd Flanders''', Ned's children. {{anchor|Maude Flanders}} * '''Maude Flanders''', Ned's dead wife. {{anchor|Kang and Kodos}} * '''Kang and Kodos''', two aliens that appear in every Treehouse of Horror their other sibling roger doesn't appear in any other Treehouse of Horror except the first * '''[[Milhouse Van Houten]]''', Bart's [[nerd]]y best friend his parents are Kirk and Luann. {{anchor|Sherri and Terri}} * '''Sherri and Terri''', they’re two twins there's not munch known about them * '''[[Nelson Muntz]]''', school [[bully]] {{anchor|Comic Book Guy}} * '''Comic Book Guy''', [[comic book]] store owner * '''Apu Nahasapeemapetilon''', convenience store owner his wife is Manjula he has eight infant children. There have been protests that he is a [[Racism|racist]] [[stereotype]] of [[South Asia]]n people. * '''Martin Prince''', he is the bully's target besides Milhouse and he is also very smart. * '''[[Principal Skinner|Seymour Skinner]]''', [[principal]] of the [[school]] * '''[[Chief Wiggum]]''', incompetent chief of [[police]] who's son is Ralph. * '''[[Ralph Wiggum]]''', the weird son of Chief Wiggum. * '''Jasper Beardly''', friend of Grandpa's. * '''Captain McCallister''', sea [[captain]]. {{anchor|Otto Mann}} * '''Otto Mann''', bus driver. {{anchor|Bumblebee Man}} * '''Bumblebee Man''', [[Spanish language|Spanish]]-speaking TV actor. * '''Itchy and Scratchy''', cartoon cat and mouse who are a different more violent version of [[Tom and Jerry]]. * '''Jimbo Jones''', leader of the bullies when Nelson is not around and strongest of the bullies. * '''Snake''' (Jailbird), robber and criminal. * '''Old Gil Gunderson''', a salesman who has bad luck. {{anchor|Sideshow Bob}} * '''Sideshow Bob (Robert Terwilliger)''', was Krusty the Clown's assistant before he was jailed after framing Krusty for [[armed robbery]]. ** He was [[wedding|married]] to Selma once, has tried to kill Bart several times, and has gone to prison. {{anchor|Fat Tony}} * '''Fat Tony''', the town's chief gangster who has a group of mobsters, including Legs and Louie, and occasionally Icepick and Johnny Tightlips. He died in Season 22 and was replaced by his slimmer cousin. * '''Sideshow Cecil (Cecil Terwilliger)''', Sideshow Bob's somewhat evil brother, who was also once a clown. * '''Janey Powell''', Lisa's best friend. {{anchor|Rainier Wolfcastle}} * '''Rainier Wolfcastle''', The [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]]-like [[Hollywood]] action hero of Springfield who is in a lot of movies in Springfield. {{anchor|Dewey Largo}} * '''Mr. Largo''', the Springfield Elementary music teacher. {{anchor|Tobias Drundridge}} * '''Tobias''', the [[Stereotype|stereotypical]] Australian boy [[telephone]]d by Bart in the episode "Bart vs. Australia". * '''Superintendent Chalmers''', The superintendent of all Springfield elementary schools who does not like Principal Skinner. {{anchor|Agnes Skinner}} * '''Agnes Skinner''', The mean mother of Principal Skinner. * '''[[Edna Krabappel|Mrs. Krabappel]] and Ms. Hoover''', Bart and Lisa's teachers, who both do not want to teach because they do not have relationships. * '''[[Groundskeeper Willie]]''', janitor at Springfield Elementary School. * '''Cletus''', the hillbilly of Springfield, has a wife named Brandine and have about 30 children. * '''[[Hans Moleman]]''', a man who drinks and says he's only 31 years old, while he looks old. {{anchor|Sideshow Mel}} * '''Sideshow Mel''', Krusty's second assistant who replaced Bob after going to prison for trying to frame Krusty for [[armed robbery]]. He does not say much on the Krusty show (talks with a whistle) and once tried to get gum out of his hair with a bone ....it just made matters worse. * '''Dolph Starbeam''' youngest of the bully trio * '''Professor Frink''' He is the [[nerd]] of the show. * '''Kearney Zzyzwick''' Toughest of the bullies. * '''The Yes Guy''' Recurring character that answers everything with a strung out Y-y-y-y-e-e-e-e-s-s-s? * '''Squeaky Voice Teen''', recurring character that has a squeaky voice and is known to have a job advertising burgers. * '''Wendell Borton''', a kid that usually would throw up. * '''[[Troy McClure]]''', an actor in TV, Radio and films he once almost married Selma. {{anchor|Lionel Hutz}} * '''Lionel Hutz''', an incompetent lawyer. * '''Judge Roy Snyder''', the main judge in Springfield's court. * '''Lou and Eddie''', police cops of Springfield. * '''Legs and Louie''', Mafia members. * '''[[Reverend Lovejoy]]''', reverend of the church. {{anchor|Helen Lovejoy}} * '''Helen Lovejoy''', wife of the reverend. * '''Üter Zörker''', German exchange student who eats chocolate. * '''Database''', smartest of all the children in school. * '''Manjula''', Apu's wife. {{anchor|Kirk and Luann}} * '''Kirk and Luann''', Milhouse's parents. * '''Old Jewish Man''', one of Abe's friends. {{anchor|Allison Taylor}} * '''Allison Taylor''', one of Lisa's only friends. {{anchor|Arnie Pye}} * '''Arnie Pye''', Brockman's rival. {{anchor|Blue-Haired Lawyer}} * '''Blue-Haired Lawyer''', one of Mr. Burns' lawyers. * '''Richard and Lewis''', one of Bart's friends. {{anchor|Dr. Marvin Monroe}} * '''Dr. Marvin Monroe''', psychologist. * '''Rich Texan''', crazy Texan. * '''Drederick Tatum''', boxer. * '''Wiseguy''', has jobs everywhere. * '''Sanjay''', Apu's brother. {{anchor|Sam and Larry}} * '''Sam and Larry''', barflies at Moe's. * '''Bernice''', Hibbert's wife. * '''Mrs. Glick''', Retirement castle resident. * '''Disco Stu''', loves disco. * '''Hyman Krustofsky''', Krusty's father. * '''Lindsey Naegle''', business woman. *'''Sophie Krustofsky''', Krusty's daughter. * '''Martin Prince Sr.''', Martin's dad. * '''Martha Prince''', Martin's mom. * '''Brandine Spuckler''', Cletus's wife. * '''Luigi''', Italian chef. * '''Radioactive Man''', Comic book character. * '''Duffman''', mascot of duff. * '''Doris Freedman''', Lunchlady and mother of Squeaky Voiced Teen. * '''Cookie Kwan''', one of Marge's friends. * '''Benjamin, Doug and Gary''', nerds at Springfield University. * '''Akira''', Asian guy who works at the Happy Sumo. * '''Artie Ziff''', Marge's prom date. * '''Arthur Crandall and Gabbo''', ventriloquist and puppet. * '''Gerald''', Maggie's enemy. * '''Bill and Marty''', radio hosts of KBBL. * '''Billy''', Troy McClure's assistant. * '''Birch Barlow''', works at the radio. * '''Bleeding Gums Murphy''', Lisa's saxophone teacher and idol. * '''Blinky''', mutated fish with three eyes. * '''Booberella''', vampire actor of children's television. * '''Brunella Pommelhorst''', gym teacher. * '''Capitol City Goofball''', mascot of Capitol City. * '''Lance Murdock''', daredevil. * '''Charlie''', works at the Nuclear Plant. * '''Kumiko''', married wife of Comic Book Guy. * '''Chase/Pyro''', Luann's boyfriend. * '''Lugash''', gym teacher. * '''Corporal Punishment''', character in the Krusty the Clown Show. He never speaks. * '''Crazy Cat Lady''', old lady who owns a lot of cats. * '''Crusher and Lowblow''', Burn's goons. * '''Dave Shutton''', reporter. * '''Declan Desmond''', documentary maker. * '''Doctor Colossus''', blue, evil, crazy guy. * '''Fallout Boy''', Radioactive Man's sidekick. * '''Francesca Terwilliger''', Sideshow Bob's wife. * '''Frankie The Squealer''', target of the mafia. * '''Gino''', Sideshow Bob's son. * '''Gloria''', Snake's girlfriend. * '''God''', the all mighty. * '''Grady and Julio''', two gay men. {{anchor|Greta Wolfcastle}} * '''Greta''', Wolfcastle's daughter. * '''Gunter and Ernst''', two tiger tamers. * '''Anastasia''', tiger pet of Gunter and Ernst. * '''Happy Little Elves''', one of Lisa's favorite cartoons. * '''Jack Marley''', former Nuclear Plant worker. * '''Jay Sherman''', film critic. * '''Jebediah Springfield''', founder of Springfield. * '''Johnny Tightlips''', mafia member. * '''Joey''', another mafia member who temporarily joined the Callibricis goons then appears in the mafia again. * '''Jub-Jub''', Selma's pet. * '''Constance Harm''', strict judge. {{anchor|Just Stamp the Ticket Man}} * '''Just Stamp the Ticket Man''', angry and sarcastic man. {{anchor|Dr. J. Loren Pryor}} * '''J. Loren Pryor''', psychologist. * '''Kearney Zzyzwicz Jr.''', Kearney's son. * '''Leopold''', Chalmer's assistant. * '''Lois Pennycandy''', Krusty's attractive assistant. * '''Lucius Sweet''', Tatum's boxing manager. {{anchor|Lurleen Lumpkin}} * '''Lurleen Lumpkin''', country singer. * '''Martha Prince''', Mayor's wife. * '''Mary Bailey''', governor. * '''Mary Spuckler''', Bart's ex. * '''Mayor Quimby's Body Guards''', Body Guards. * '''Ms. Albright''', Sunday school teacher. * '''Miss Springfield''', Mayor Quimby's girlfriend. * '''Mr. Costington''', owner of Costington's. * '''Mr. Teeny''', Krusty's monkey. * '''Mrs. Muntz''', Nelson's mom. * '''Octuplets''', Apu and Manjula's babies. * '''Jake''', barber. * '''Opal''', TV star of the Opal Show. * '''Patches and Poor Violet''', orphans. {{anchor|Plopper}} * '''Plopper''', Homer's pet pig. {{anchor|Poochie}} * '''Poochie''', former dog character in the Itchy & Scratchy Show. * '''Princess Kashmir''', belly dancer. * '''Principal Dondelinger''', Homer and Marge's former principal. * '''Rachel Jordan''', Christian singer. * '''Roger Meyers Jr.''', boss of the Itchy & Scratchy crew. {{anchor|Ruth Powers}} * '''Ruth Powers''', Marge's criminal and drunken friend. {{anchor|Sarah Wiggum}} * '''Sarah Wiggum''', Chief Wiggum's wife. * '''Scott Christian''', former news reporter. {{anchor|Shauna Chalmers}} * '''Shauna''', Jimbo's ex. * '''Stampy''', Bart's former elephant pet. * '''State Comptroller Atkins''', State Comptroller. * '''Tina Ballerina''', character in The Krusty the Clown Show. * '''The Warden''', warden of Juvie. * '''Vanderbilts''', rich couple. * '''Weasels''', Nelson two twin cronies. * '''Mr. Winfield''', former neighbor of the Simpsons. * '''Sylvia Winfield''', former neighbor of the Simpsons. * '''Hank Scorpio''', evil guy who befriends Homer. {{anchor|Frank Grimes}} * '''Frank Grimes''', former employee of the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant. {{anchor|Frank Grimes Jr.}} * '''Frank Grimes Jr.''', Frank Grimes' son. * '''Shary Bobbins''', magic babysitter. * '''Trent Steel,''' business man that inspires Homer to change his name to "Max Power" * '''Dr. Nick Riviera''', an incompetent doctor, who most likely doesn't even has a medical license ==Other websites== * [https://simpsonswiki.com/wiki/Category:Characters Characters index] on the WikiSimpsons fan site {{The Simpsons}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Simpsons characters}} [[Category:The Simpsons characters|*]] [[Category:Lists of television characters]] gjdqa0qffdzl0n3x7zy9ivydslmrvgj 0 103909 10368948 9866168 2025-07-03T04:25:52Z 2405:201:400F:D002:F1FD:EDB9:69E6:2337 incorrect conversion of TiB to bytes was fixed 10368948 wikitext text/x-wiki A '''tebibyte''' (TiB) is a unit of measurement in computers and similar electronic devices. Tebibytes hold 1024 [[gibibyte]]s (GiB) or 2<sup>40</sup> bytes. Some people incorrectly call this number of bytes a [[terabyte]], which is actually approximately one trillion bytes (1,099,511,627,776 [[byte]]s), or 1024 [[gigabyte]]s (GB). 1024 tebibytes make one [[pebibyte]]. == Related pages == * [[Kibibyte]] * [[Mebibyte]] * [[Gibibyte]] * [[Pebibyte]] {{tech-stub}} [[Category:Units of information]] rrq3m44d4yvox3ogprovtog3u9ebyop 0 105780 10368800 8964519 2025-07-03T02:54:02Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Population */ typo: duplication and an extra blank 10368800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Mao |official_name = Santa Cruz de Mao |other_name = |settlement_type = Municipality |nickname = City of Beautiful Sunsets |image_skyline = Mao Dominican Republic city.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = [[Street]] in Mao |image_shield = Escudo del Municipio Mao.svg |pushpin_map = Dominican Republic |pushpin_relief = 1 |pushpin_label_position = |mapsize = |coordinates={{coord|19|34||N|71|05||W|region:DO|display=inline,title}} |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = [[Dominican Republic]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of the Dominican Republic|Province]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Valverde Province|Valverde]] |established_title = Founded |established_date = 1875 |established_title2 = Municipality since |established_date2 = 1882 | parts_type = [[Provinces of the Dominican Republic|Municipal Districts]] | parts_style = para <!-- list, coll (collapsed list), para (paragraph format) --> | parts = <!-- parts text, or header for parts list --> | p1 = Ámina | p2 = Jaibón (Pueblo Nuevo) | p3 = Guatapanal |area_total_km2 = 116.3 |area_footnotes = <ref name="r-pop">{{Metadata Population Dominican province|Quelle}}</ref> |area_urban_km2 = 11.51 |area_urban_footnotes = <ref name="area">{{cite web |url=http://www.one.gob.do/Multimedia/Download?ObjId=5645f |format=PDF |title=Expansión Urbana de las ciudades capitales de R.D. 1988-2010. Informe Básico |publisher=Oficina Nacional de Estadística |language=Spanish |date=April 2015 |page=48 |accessdate=10 December 2016 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |elevation_m = 78 |elevation_footnotes = <ref name="fuente">{{cite book | last = De la Fuente | first = Santiago | title = Geografía Dominicana | publisher = Editora Colegial Quisqueyana | date = 1976 | location = Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic | language = Spanish }}</ref> |population_note = |population_total = 51,647 |population_as_of = 2010 |total_type = Total |population_urban = 49,714 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_demonym = Maeño (female, maeña) |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_footnotes = <ref name="r-pop" /> |timezone = [[Atlantic Standard Time Zone|AST]] |utc_offset = -4 |timezone_DST = [[Atlantic Standard Time Zone|AST]] |utc_offset_DST = -4 |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank_name_sec1 = Distance |blank_info_sec1 = {{convert|60|km|abbr=on}} to [[Santiago de los Caballeros|Santiago]]<br />{{convert|210|km|abbr=on}} to [[Santo Domingo]] |website = |footnotes = }} The [[Dominican Republic|Dominican]] [[city]] of '''Santa Cruz de Mao''', or simply '''Mao.''' It is the head [[municipality]] of the [[Valverde Province|Valverde]] [[province]], on the northwest of the country. It is the largest city of the Dominican northwest and the centre of the region. ==Name== Its name is a [[Taíno]] word. It comes from the [[Mao River]], near the city. Its [[nickname]] is ''Ciudad de los Bellos Atardeceres'' ("City of the Beautiful Sunsets") because there are not many [[mountain]]s to the west of the city. Instead, it is common to see a "red" sky during [[sunset]]s. It is a very dry region and there are much [[dust]] in the air which gives the red color to the sky. ==Population== There were a total of 51,647 people living in the area in {{Metadata Population Dominican province|YEAR}}. Out of this, 25,663 are men while there were 25,984 women. The urban [[population]] was {{percentage|4914|51647|1 }} of the total population.<ref name="r-pop" /> ==History== For most of its history, the region was called "El Despoblado". It means a region without any population. Since it is a very dry region, [[agriculture]] was not possible. When the [[governor]] of the [[Spain|Spanish]] [[colony]] gave the order in 1606 that everybody living on the northern coast had to move inland, some people came to live around the present Mao. They had [[cow]]s that were raised in ''hatos''; "hato", which means a large [[farm]] for raising cattle (a [[ranch]]). So "hato" is the name of many places around Mao: Hatico, Hato del Yaque, Hato Nuevo, Hato Viejo, Hato del Medio.<ref name="brea">{{cite book | first =Héctor | last =Brea Tió | title =Mao y su gente | publisher =Librería La Trinitaria | date =1997 | location =Santo Domingo | language =Spanish }}</ref> The town of Mao was built close to where the Mao river flows into the [[River Yaque del Norte|Yaque del Norte]] river. The first [[Catholicism|Catholic]] church was build in 1869. Mao was made a ''Puesto Cantonal'' (an old category similar to the present [[Government of the Dominican Republic#Provincial and municipal government|Municipal District]] under a [[military]] government). In 1882, Mao was elevated to the category of [[municipality]] and in 1904 its official name was changed to "Valverde" after José Desiderio Valverde, past President of the Dominican Republic.<ref name="brea" /> Because the name Mao was known by everybody and Valverde was a new name, people called the city as "Valverde (Mao)", and it is still common to say so. When the province was created in 1959, Mao was made its head municipality and [[Province|provincial]] [[Capital city|capital]].<ref name="brea" /> ==Geography== Mao has a total area of {{Convert|116.3|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on }}. It is about {{percentage|116.3|822.9|1 }} of the total area of the province of Valverde.<ref name="r-pop" /> The city has an [[elevation]] of {{Convert|78|m|ft|0|abbr=on }},<ref name="fuente" /> and at {{Convert|210|km|mi|abbr=on }} to the northwest of [[Santo Domingo]]. The municipality of Mao has the [[Santiago Rodríguez Province|Santiago Rodríguez]] province to the west, the [[Santiago Province (Dominican Republic)|Santiago]] province to the south and east, the municipality of Laguna Salada to the northwest and the municipality of Esperanza to the northeast. ===Climate=== Mao has a [[tropical]] wet and dry/[[savanna]] [[climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen-Geiger classification]]: '''Aw''') with a noticeable dry season in winter. The [[average]] amount of [[rainfall]] for the year in the city is {{Convert|699.6|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}. The month with the most [[precipitation]] on average is May with {{Convert|119.1|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} of [[rainfall]], followed by October with {{Convert|81.9|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}. The driest [[season]] is [[winter]]. The month with the least rainfall on average is January with an average of {{Convert|21.6|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} and the second is July with {{Convert|27.3|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}. Mao is in a hot region. The average [[temperature]] for the year is {{Convert|27|C|F|1|abbr=on }}. <div style="width:75%;"> {{Weather box | location = San José de Ocoa (1961–1990) | metric first = yes | single line = yes | open = | temperature colour = pastel |Jan high C = 30.2 |Feb high C = 30.9 |Mar high C = 32.1 |Apr high C = 33.0 |May high C = 33.7 |Jun high C = 34.7 |Jul high C = 35.1 |Aug high C = 35.5 |Sep high C = 35.2 |Oct high C = 34.1 |Nov high C = 31.7 |Dec high C = 30.1 |year high C = |Jan low C = 18.7 |Feb low C = 19.1 |Mar low C = 19.9 |Apr low C = 20.9 |May low C = 21.9 |Jun low C = 22.7 |Jul low C = 23.1 |Aug low C = 23.0 |Sep low C = 22.5 |Oct low C = 21.9 |Nov low C = 20.7 |Dec low C = 19.2 |year low C = |rain colour = |Jan rain mm = 21.6 |Feb rain mm = 34.4 |Mar rain mm = 38.5 |Apr rain mm = 71.4 |May rain mm = 119.1 |Jun rain mm = 72.0 |Jul rain mm = 27.3 |Aug rain mm = 42.9 |Sep rain mm = 75.3 |Oct rain mm = 81.9 |Nov rain mm = 74.9 |Dec rain mm = 40.3 |year rain mm = |source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref name= "NOAA">{{cite web | url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/DR/00000028.TXT | title =Mao Climate Normals 1961-1990 | publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | accessdate = 3 December 2016}}</ref> | date = December 2016 |source 2 = }} </div> <center> {{climate chart | Mao | 18.7| 30.2| 21.6 | 19.1| 30.9| 34.4 | 19.9| 32.1| 38.5 | 20.9| 33| 71.4 | 21.9| 33.7| 119.1 | 22.7| 34.7| 72 | 23.1| 35.1| 27.3 | 23| 35.5| 42.9 | 22.5| 35.2| 75.3 | 21.9| 34.1| 81.9 | 20.7| 31.7| 74.9 | 19.2| 30.1| 40.3 |float=none |clear=both |source = <ref name = "NOAA"/> }} </center> ==Administrative division== The municipality of Mao has three [[Municipality|municipal districts]]:<ref name="division16">{{Cite web |url=http://www.one.gob.do/Multimedia/Download?ObjId=6159 |format=PDF |title=División Territorial 2015 |publisher=Oficina Nacional de Estadística (ONE) |language=Spanish |pages= |date=October 2015 |accessdate=3 December 2016 |archive-date=14 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114105747/http://www.one.gob.do/Multimedia/Download?ObjId=6159 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <center> {| class="wikitable" |+ Municipal districts of Mao ! Code !! Municipal district !! Population<br /><small>(2010)</small> |- | 270102 || Ámina || align="right" | 8,270 |- | 270103 || Jaibón (Pueblo Nuevo) || align="right" | 8,309 |- | 270104 || Guatapanal || align="right" | 8,637 |} </center> ==Economy== The main economic activity of the province is [[agriculture]]; the main products in the municipality are [[rice]], [[banana]]s and [[plantain]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Provincial capitals of the Dominican Republic}} [[Category:Settlements in the Dominican Republic]] [[Category:1875 establishments in North America]] [[Category:19th-century establishments in the Spanish West Indies]] ibizww1jvhdd88y3x3w9yvcurwl6d6g 0 107515 10368850 10233416 2025-07-03T03:23:33Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{taxobox |name = Orchidaceae |fossil_range = [[Upper Cretaceous]] 80 mya – Recent |image = Haeckel Orchidae.jpg |image_caption = From [[Ernst Haeckel]]'s ''[[Kunstformen der Natur]]'' |regnum = [[Plantae]] |divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]] |classis = [[Liliopsida]] |ordo = [[Asparagales]] |familia = '''Orchidaceae''' |familia_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]] |subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies |subdivision = * [[Apostasioideae]] * [[Cypripedioideae]] * [[Epidendroideae]] * [[Orchidoideae]] * [[Vanilloideae]] }} The '''orchids''' are a large family of [[flowering plant]]s, the '''Orchidaceae'''. They are [[herbaceous]] [[monocot]]s. There are between 100,000 and 126,000 [[species]] in 880 genera.<ref name="Stevens">Stevens P.F. 2001 onwards. ''Angiosperm Phylogeny Website'', version 9 [http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/welcome.html Mobot.org]</ref><ref name="WCSP">{{cite web|url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/|title=WCSP |work= World Checklist of selected plant families}}</ref> They make up between 6 and 11% of all [[seed plant]]s. Orchids can be found in almost every country in the world except for Antarctica.<ref>{{cite book| last = Dressler| first = Robert L.| title = The orchids: natural history and classification| url = https://archive.org/details/orchidsnaturalhi0000dres| year = 1981| publisher = Harvard University Press| isbn = 978-0-674-87525-8 }}</ref> People have grown orchids for a number of years. They grow orchids for show, for science, or for food (for example, [[vanilla]]). Some orchids have very special ways of [[pollination]]. For example, the [[Lady Slipper Orchid|Lady's Slipper]] can trap [[insect]]s and make them pollinate the flower. Another instance is the Austrian orchid, which grows underground and is pollinated by [[ant]]s. Many orchids are [[Myco-heterotrophy|myco-heterotrophs]], meaning their roots need fungi to break down organic material for them to absorb. == Distribution == [[Colombia]] and [[Ecuador]] have many different species. The [[Brazil]]ian Atlantic Forest has over 1500 species.<ref>Guido Pabst & Fritz Dungs (1975) Orchidaceae Brasilienses vol. 1, Brucke-Verlag Kurt Schmersow, Hildesheim. ASIN: B0006CWVGI</ref> Other places with great variety are the mountains in the southern Himalayas in [[India]] and [[China]]. The mountains of [[Central America]] and southeastern [[Africa]] also have various species, especially on the [[island]] of [[Madagascar]]. Ecuador has 3459 species, the greatest number recorded.<ref name="orchid">R. Govaerts, M.A. Campacci (Brazil, 2005), D. Holland Baptista (Brazil, 2005), P.Cribb (K, 2003), Alex George (K, 2003), K.Kreuz (2004, Europe), J.Wood (K, 2003, Europe) World Checklist of Orchidaceae. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Checklists by region and Botanical countries. Accessed on 26 December 2008.</ref> After Ecuador is Colombia, which has 2723.[2] Following Colombia are New Guinea (2717 species) and Brazil (2590 species).<ref name=orchid/> In warm places where there is much [[grass]], or in places where there is dry [[savanna]] and [[Rock (geology)|rocky]] fields, orchids grow in the ground.<ref name="karsten">{{cite book| last = Wodrich| first = Karsten| title = Growing South African Indigenous Orchids| year = 1997| publisher = CRC Press| isbn = 978-90-5410-650-0 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=How to Care for Orchids {{!}} Neverland Blog|url=https://www.enterneverland.com/blog/how-to-care-for-orchids|access-date=2022-07-17|website=www.enterneverland.com|language=en|archive-date=2022-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717084556/https://www.enterneverland.com/blog/how-to-care-for-orchids|url-status=dead}}</ref> They have firm underground roots and sometimes have tubers to help protect themselves against cold or snow.<ref name=karsten/> The tubers also help protect them against long [[drought]]s or fires.<ref name="karsten" /> The cold would freeze the roots if they were not protected to store the [[nutrient]]s they need for blooming in the [[Spring (season)|spring]]. It is thought that some species are becoming [[extinction|extinct]] in the wild. This is mainly because people cut down [[forest]]s for [[agriculture]].<ref>{{cite book| last = Averʹianov| first = L.V.| title = Slipper Orchids of Vietnam: With an Introduction to the Flora of Vietnam| year = 2003| publisher = Timber Press (OR)| isbn = 978-0-88192-592-0 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book| last = Hansen| first = Eric| title = Orchid Fever: A Horticultural Tale of Love, Lust and Lunacy| url = https://archive.org/details/orchidfeverhorti0000hans| year = 2001| publisher = Methuen Publishing| isbn = 978-0-413-74750-1 }}</ref><ref name="chan">{{cite book| title = Orchids of Borneo: Introduction and a selection of species| year = 1990 | isbn = 978-967-99947-3-5| page = 27 }}</ref> ==Reproduction== ===Pollination=== [[File:Ophrys apifera flower2.jpg|thumb|right|230px|''[[Ophrys apifera]]'' is about to self-pollinate]] The complex cross-[[pollination]] mechanisms were described by [[Charles Darwin]] in his 1862 book, ''[[The Fertilisation of Orchids|The Fertilization of Orchids]]''. Orchids have developed special [[pollination]] systems. The chances of being pollinated are often scarce, so orchid flowers usually remain receptive for very long periods, and most orchids deliver pollen in a single mass. Each time pollination succeeds, thousands of [[ovule]]s can be fertilized. ''Catasetum'', a genus discussed briefly by Darwin, actually launches its sticky pollinia with explosive force when an insect touches a [[seta]] (hair), knocking the pollinator off the flower. Pollinators are often visually attracted by the shape and color of the flower. The flowers may produce attractive [[Odour|odors]]. In some extremely specialized orchids, such as the [[Eurasian]] genus ''[[Ophrys]]'', the labellum is adapted to have a color, shape, and odour that attracts male insects via [[mimicry]] of a receptive female. Pollination happens as the insect attempts to mate with flowers. Many neotropical orchids are pollinated by male [[orchid bees]], which visit the flowers to gather the volatile chemicals they require to synthesize [[Pheromone|pheromonal]] attractants. Each type of orchid places the pollinia on a different body part of a different species of bee, so as to enforce proper cross-pollination. After pollination, the [[sepal]]s and [[petal]]s fade and wilt, but they usually remain attached to the [[ovary]]. An underground orchid in Australia, ''Rhizanthella slateri'', is never exposed to light and depends on [[ant]]s and other terrestrial insects to pollinate it. Some orchids mainly or totally rely on [[self-pollination]], especially in colder regions where pollinators are rare. ===Fruits and seeds=== [[File:Kapselquerschnitte Orchideen.png|thumb|Cross-section of an orchid capsule, the longitudinal slits]] [[File:Closeup of the blossom of a Phalaenopsis.jpg|thumb|Closeup of a ''Phalaenopsis'' blossom]] The ovary typically develops into a [[fruit|capsule]] that splits along three or six longitudinal slits, while remaining closed at both ends. The [[ripening]] of a capsule can take two to 18 months. The [[seed]]s are extremely small and very numerous, in some species over a million per capsule. After ripening, they blow off like dust particles or spores. They lack the food reserve called [[endosperm]], so must have [[symbiosis]] with [[fungi]] to get [[nutrient]]s to germinate. All orchid species rely on [[fungi]] to complete their lifecycles. As the chance for a seed to meet a fitting fungus is very small, only a minute fraction of all the seeds released grow into adult plants. In cultivation, germination typically takes weeks. [[Horticulture|Horticultural]] techniques have been devised for germinating seeds on a nutrient-containing gel, so they do not need the fungus for germination. The main component for the sowing of orchids in artificial conditions is [[agar]]. The substance is put together with some type of [[carbohydrate]] (actually, some kind of [[glucose]]) which provides qualitative organic feed. Such substance may be [[banana]], [[pineapple]], [[peach]] or even [[tomato]] puree or [[coconut milk]]. After the "cooking" of the agar agar (it has to be cooked in sterile conditions), the mix is poured into [[test tubes]] or jars where the substance begins to gel. == Related pages == * [[Orchid Dinh Thuy Yen]] == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == {{wikinews|American botanist Lou Jost discovers world's smallest orchid}} * {{cite web |url= http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/asparagalesweb.htm#Orchidaceae|title=Orchidaceae at the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website |work=mobot.org |accessdate=20 May 2010}} * {{cite web |url=http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/orchidac.htm |title=Angiosperm Families - Orchidaceae Juss. |work=delta-intkey.com |accessdate=20 May 2010 |archive-date=3 January 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200156/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ |url-status=dead }} [[Category:Orchids| ]] [[Category:National symbols of Singapore]] bh2pml8ssfpv9dtpu1i4nmdbex4z1pp 0 108439 10369073 7518535 2025-07-03T06:55:49Z 195.246.108.226 I have added a fact about ivybridge's nomenclature 10369073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox UK place |latitude= 50.389 |longitude= -3.921 |label_position=bottom |country = England |official_name= Ivybridge |population = 12,056 |population_ref = ''(2001)'' |shire_county = [[Devon]] |shire_district= [[South Hams]] |civil_parish= Ivybridge |region= South West England |os_grid_reference = SX635560 |dial_code= 01752 |post_town= IVYBRIDGE |postcode_area=PL |postcode_district= PL21 |constituency_westminster= [[South West Devon (UK Parliament constituency)|South West Devon]] |static_image=Ivybridge and South Hams from Western Beacon.jpg |static_image_caption=<small>Ivybridge nestled within the [[South Hams]], as seen from Western Beacon, [[Dartmoor]]</small> |london_distance={{convert|182|mi|km}} |website=[http://www.ivybridge.gov.uk www.ivybridge.gov.uk] }} '''Ivybridge''' is a small [[town]] in the county of [[Devon]] in South West England. It is sometimes referred to as the 'gateway to the moor.' == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{multistub|geo|UK}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Towns in Devon]] eqmf6nxoutxy8bqwd7stasi1vd11nxa 0 108601 10367850 10320088 2025-07-02T16:06:22Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ works 10367850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = House logo.svg | caption = An unofficial version of the series' logo. | alt_name = ''House, M.D.'' | runtime = 43 minutes | creator = [[David Shore]] | starring = [[Hugh Laurie]]<br />[[Lisa Edelstein]]<br />[[Omar Epps]]<br />[[Robert Sean Leonard]]<br />[[Jennifer Morrison]]<br />[[Jesse Spencer]]<br />[[Peter Jacobson]]<br />[[Olivia Wilde]] | opentheme = "[[Teardrop (song)|Teardrop]]" by<br />[[Massive Attack]]<br />"House End Credits"<ref>Due to rights and licensing issues, Teardrop cannot be used in some countries, so "House End Credits" replaces Teardrop as the opening theme in those countries.</ref> | executive_producer = [[Katie Jacobs]]<br />[[David Shore]]<br />[[Paul Attanasio]]<br />[[Bryan Singer]]<br />Russel Friend<br />Garrett Lerner<br />Thomas L. Moran<ref>{{cite web|title=FOX Broadcasting Company: House, Show Info|url=http://www.fox.com/house/showinfo/|publisher=FOX.com|accessdate=2008-03-01|archive-date=2010-01-18|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5msfjKPX3?url=http://www.fox.com/house/showInfo/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | country = [[United States]] | language = [[English language|English]] | network = [[Fox Broadcasting Company|FOX]] | first_aired = {{start date|2004|11|16}} | last_aired ={{end date|2012|05|21}} | num_seasons = 8 | num_episodes = 177 | list_episodes = List of House episodes }} '''''House''''' (or ''House, M.D.'') is an [[United States|American]] [[medical drama]] television series. It was created by David Shore in 2004 and aired on FOX from 2004-2012. ''House'' has [[wikt:fan|fan]]s all over the [[world]]. It is set at the fictional Princeton-Plainsboro Teaching Hospital in [[New Jersey]]. The show's main character, Doctor [[Gregory House]], is a grumpy, sarcastic man who hates having to deal with his patients. Even though he spends a lot of his time insulting his patients and co-workers, or watching TV in his office, Dr. House almost always manages to [[cure]] his patients with his great medical intelligence.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://all-episodes.club/doktorhouse |title=Description and all seasons of the series |access-date=2022-02-19 |archive-date=2022-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219063813/https://all-episodes.club/doktorhouse |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Layout == Nearly all [[episode]]s of ''House'' follow the same pattern: we see the events that come before the [[wikt:patient|patient]] being taken to the [[hospital]], then House and his [[colleague]]s spend a lot of time doing tests and coming up with different ideas for what the problem is. At the very end, House comes up with the [[:wikt:answer|answer]], generally through [[insight|epiphanies]], and usually the patient recovers. == Main characters == * [[Hugh Laurie]] as [[Gregory House|Dr. Gregory House]]: House is the show's main character, an expert in diagnostic [[medicine]]. He is often very rude, sarcastic and enjoys teasing other people. Even so, he is an excellent [[Medical doctor|doctor]] and always comes up with the right solution to the show's medical problems before anyone else. He has chronic [[pain]] in his leg and is [[Addiction|addicted]] to [[Vicodin]], a strong [[Narcotic|painkiller]], for most of the show. He is the head of the Department of Diagnostic Medicine. * [[Lisa Edelstein]] as '''Dr. Lisa Cuddy:''' She is in charge of medicine at Princeton-Plainsboro Teaching Hospital. She is an [[Endocrinology|endocrinologist]] ([[hormone]] specialist). She often has to deal with House's rudeness and sometimes illegal actions. Usually, she is very patient with Dr. House because she knows he is the best doctor at her hospital. * [[Robert Sean Leonard]] as '''Dr. James Wilson:''' An expert in [[cancer]] ([[Oncology|oncologist]]) and Dr. House's only real friend. He even tried to protect House's job, and almost got fired himself. He has been [[marriage|married]] a couple of times and is [[Judaism|Jewish]]. * [[Omar Epps]] as '''Dr. Eric Foreman:''' A member of House's diagnostic medicine team. He is an expert in the human [[brain]] ([[Neurology|neurologist]]). Dr. Foreman is [[African-American|black]], and House sometimes makes racist comments about him, but Dr. Foreman usually does not get angry about it. * [[Jennifer Morrison]] as '''Dr. Allison Cameron:''' A member of House's diagnostic medicine team. She is an expert in the human [[immune system]] (immunologist). Considered the nicest on the team, she often argues with House about right and wrong. * [[Jesse Spencer]] as '''Dr. Robert Chase:''' A member of House's diagnostic medicine team. He is an expert in intensive care. Dr. Chase is [[Australian]], and Dr. House often teases him about his [[accent]] or pretends to think he is actually [[British]]. * [[Olivia Wilde]] as '''Dr. Remy "Thirteen" Hadley: ''' A member of House's team who has [[Huntington's disease]]. She dated Foreman for a series and took part in his [[clinical trial]]s, which tested a new treatment for Huntington's. * [[Peter Jacobson]] as '''Dr. Chris Taub:''' A member of House's team who was formerly a [[Plastic surgery|plastic surgeon]]. == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == * [http://www.fox.com/house/ Official website on Fox.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523030504/http://www.fox.com/house/ |date=2012-05-23 }} [[Category:2004 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2012 American television series endings]] [[Category:2000s American drama television series]] [[Category:2000s American workplace television series]] [[Category:2000s medical television series]] [[Category:2010s American drama television series]] [[Category:2010s American workplace television series]] [[Category:2010s medical television series]] [[Category:American medical television series]] [[Category:American workplace drama television series]] [[Category:Fox television series]] [[Category:Television series set in New Jersey]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] 85ugo6r2q7lumiirhjwjycuav9fk7kb 0 109159 10368870 10238059 2025-07-03T03:33:42Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox province | name = Province of Lecco | settlement_type = [[Provinces of Italy|Province]] | native_name = Lecco | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = [[Italy]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Italy|Region]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Lombardia]] | seat_type = Capital | seat = [[Lecco]] | blank_name_sec1 = No. of communes | blank_info_sec1 = 90 | area_total_km2 = 816 | population_as_of = 2004 | population_total = 311.452 | population_density_km2 = 381 | registration_plate = LC | postal_code_type = Postal Code | postal_code = 23900 | postal2_code_type = Telephone prefix | postal2_code = 0341, 039, 031 | area_code_type = [[Istituto Nazionale di Statistica|ISTAT]] | area_code = 097 | leader_title = President | leader_name = Virginio Brivio | image_map = Lecco posizione.png | image_shield = Provincia di Lecco-Stemma.svg |coordinates = {{coord|45.9035|9.3921|display=inline,title}} }} '''Lecco''' is a [[province]] in the [[region]] of [[Lombardy]] in [[Italy]]. {{Province of Lecco}} {{lombardy}} {{europe-stub}} [[Category:Province of Lecco| ]] o43xxpy4cixw6rmauhus9yhledny5t5 0 110283 10368868 9695657 2025-07-03T03:31:59Z 636Buster 352031 image 10368868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Green Bay, Wisconsin | settlement_type = [[City]] | image_skyline = Downtown Green Bay CityDeck along the Fox River.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = Downtown Green Bay | nickname = Titletown, Bayland, Bay City, Packerland, Packer City | image_map = File:Brown County Wisconsin Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Green Bay Highlighted.svg | map_caption = Location of Green Bay in Brown County, Wisconsin. | pushpin_map = USA | pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States | coordinates = {{coord|44|30|48|N|88|0|57|W|region:US-WI|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = <ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = United States | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Wisconsin|County]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Wisconsin]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Brown County, Wisconsin|Brown]] | established_date = 1854 | government_type = | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Eric Genrich | area_footnotes = | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 144.94 | area_total_sq_mi = 55.96 | area_land_km2 = 117.77 | area_land_sq_mi = 45.47 | area_water_km2 = 27.17 | area_water_sq_mi = 10.49 | area_water_percent = | elevation_m = 177 | elevation_ft = 581 | population_total = 107,395 (US: [[List of United States cities by population|294th]]) | population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]] | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = 883.6 | population_density_sq_mi = 2288.5 | population_est = | pop_est_as_of = | pop_est_footnotes = | population_urban = 224,156 (US: 173rd) | population_metro = 328,268 (US: [[United States metropolitan area|162nd]]) | postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]] | postal_code = 54301-08, 54311, 54313, 54324, 54344 | area_code = 920 | area_code_type = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]] | website = {{URL|greenbaywi.gov}} | footnotes = | timezone = [[Central Time Zone|Central]] | utc_offset = −6 | timezone_DST = CDT | utc_offset_DST = −5 | blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]] | blank_info = 55-31000<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |accessdate=2008-01-31 |title=American FactFinder |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov/ |archivedate=2013-09-11 }}</ref> | blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID | blank1_info = 1565801<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=2007-10-25}}</ref> | unit_pref = Imperial }} '''Green Bay''' is a [[city]] in the [[U.S. State]] of [[Wisconsin]]. It is the third largest city in Wisconsin. Just over 100,000 people live there. It is named after Green Bay, an arm of [[Lake Michigan]]. Green Bay is home to the [[Green Bay Packers]]. == Sister cities == * * {{flagicon|Mexico}} Irapuato, [[Guanajuato (state)|Guanajuato]], [[Mexico]] (since 2006) * == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commons category|Green Bay, Wisconsin}} * [http://www.ci.green-bay.wi.us Official Green Bay, Wisconsin Website] * [http://www.onbroadway.org/ Official Website of the Green Bay Broadway District] * [http://www.packercountry.com Packer Country Visitor & Convention Bureau] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014154848/http://www.packercountry.com/ |date=2008-10-14 }} * [http://www.titletown.org Green Bay Area Chamber of Commerce] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204224412/http://www.titletown.org/ |date=2016-02-04 }} * [http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/WI.BelgAmrCol Belgian-American Research Collection] {{Brown County, Wisconsin}} {{Wisconsin}} {{US-geo-stub}} [[Category:Green Bay, Wisconsin| ]] [[Category:County seats in Wisconsin]] kccqa985cffv1ine7sc9evgh925b1s0 0 111123 10367808 10110107 2025-07-02T15:34:30Z 2601:408:C800:B200:70C5:48FB:5050:57D2 Spelling 10367808 wikitext text/x-wiki This is a '''list of [[Europe]]an countries''', by geographical area. Notes: Some of these countries are also considered part of [[Asia]]. Their names are given in ''italics'' and <u/l>only their European area is given</u/l>. Not all states within the geographical region are part of the [[European Union]], although member states are in the majority. Non-member states are marked with an [[asterisk]] (*). This currently includes all of the Asian border states. Some of the smaller countries, marked (†), are represented indirectly in the EU by larger EU members. {{smalldiv|{{Pie chart | thumb = right | caption= European countries by area (top 12). Total area of Europe is 10,180,000 km². | other = yes | label1 = Russia | value1 = 39.0 | color1=#36A | label2 = Ukraine | value2 = 5.9 | color2=#53A | label3 = France | value3 = 5.4 | color3=#1A9 | label4 = Spain | value4 = 4.9 | color4=#CC5 | label5 = Sweden | value5 = 4.4 | color5=#928 | label6 = Norway | value6 = 3.8 | color6=#E33 | label7 = Germany | value7 = 3.5 | color7=#E72 | label8 = Finland | value8 = 3.3 | color8=#FE3 | label9 = Poland | value9 = 3.1 | color9=#D1AB00 | label10 = Italy | value10 = 3.0 | color10=#FF0000 | label11 = United Kingdom | value11 = 2.4 | color11=#008000 | label12 = Romania | value12 = 2.3 | color12=#0099FF }}}} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Rank ! State ! Area (km²) ! class="unsortable" | Notes |- | 1 | {{flaglist|Russia}}* | 3,972,200 | 3,999,364 km² including [[Crimea|illegally occupied Crimea]]. 17,098,242 km² including [[Russia|its Asian territor]]<nowiki/>[[Russia|y]]<nowiki/>excluding [[Crimea]] as it is a contested territory with most European states claiming it is Ukrainian territory. |- | 2 | {{flaglist|Ukraine}} | 603,628 | |- | 3 | {{flaglist|France}} | 551,695 | 643,801 km² when the [[overseas departments]] are included. |- | 4 | {{flaglist|Spain}} | 498,468 | 505,992 km² when the [[Canary Islands]], [[Ceuta]] and [[Melilla]] are included. |- | 5 | {{flaglist|Sweden}} | 450,295 | |- | 6 | {{flaglist|Norway}} | 385,178 | This includes [[Svalbard]] and [[Jan Mayen]]<ref>{{Cite web|title = Updated land cover figures|url = http://www.ssb.no/en/natur-og-miljo/statistikker/arealdekke|website = ssb.no|accessdate = 2015-11-21|language = en-GB}}</ref> |- | 7 | {{flaglist|Germany}} | 357,386 | |- | 8 | {{flaglist|Finland}} | 338,145 | |- | 9 | {{flaglist|Poland}} | 312,685 | |- | 10 | {{flaglist|Italy}} | 301,338 | |- | 11 | {{flaglist|United Kingdom}}* | 242,495 | 260,665 km² when the [[British Overseas Territories]] (except [[British Antarctic Territory]]) are included. |- | 12 | {{flaglist|Romania}} | 238,397 | |- | 13 | {{flaglist|Belarus}} | 207,600 | |- | 14 | {{flaglist|Greece}} | 131,940 | |- | 15 | {{flaglist|Bulgaria}} | 110,994 | |- | 16 | {{flaglist|Iceland}} | 102,775 | |- | 17 | {{flaglist|Hungary}} | 93,030 | |- | 18 | {{flaglist|Portugal}} | 91,568 | |- | 19 | {{flaglist|Austria}} | 83,858 | |- | 20 | {{flaglist|Czech Republic}} | 78,866 | |- | 21 | {{flaglist|Serbia}} | 77,453 | 88,361 km² including [[Kosovo]]. |- | 22 | {{flaglist|Ireland}} | 70,273 | |- | 23 | {{flaglist|Lithuania}} | 65,300 | |- | 24 | {{flaglist|Latvia}} | 64,589 | |- | 25 | {{flaglist|Svalbard}} | 61,022 | |- | 26 | {{flaglist|Croatia}} | 56,594 | |- | 27 | {{flaglist|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} | 51,129 | |- | 28 | {{flaglist|Slovakia}} | 49,036 | |- | 29 | {{flaglist|Estonia}} | 45,339 | |- | 30 | {{flaglist|Denmark}} | 44,493 | This includes [[Faroe Islands]]; 2,210,579 km² including [[Greenland]]. |- | 31 | {{flaglist|Switzerland}} | 41,290 | |- | 32 | {{flaglist|Netherlands}} | 41,198 | Excluding [[Caribbean Netherlands]], [[Aruba]], [[Curacao]] and [[Sint Maarten]]. |- | 33 | {{flaglist|Moldova}} | 33,846 | |- | 34 | {{flaglist|Belgium}} | 30,510 | |- | 35 | {{flaglist|Albania}} | 28,748 | |- | 36 | {{flagcountry|North Macedonia}} | 25,713 | |- | 37 | {{flaglist|Turkey}}* | 23,757 | Total area: 783,356. 97% of Turkey's land area is in Asia and 3% in Europe. |- | 38 | {{flaglist|Slovenia}} | 20,273 | |- | 39 | {{flaglist|Montenegro}} | 13,812 | |- | 40 | {{flaglist|Kosovo}} | 10,908 |[[International recognition of Kosovo|Partially recognized state]] |- | 41 | {{flaglist|Cyprus}}* | 9,251 | transcontinental island country in Europe and Asia |- | 42 | {{flaglist|Azerbaijan}}* | 6,960 | 86,600 km² including Asian part |- | 43 | {{flaglist|Luxembourg}} | 2,586 | |- | 44 | {{flaglist|Georgia}}* | 2,428 | 69,700 km² including Asian part |- | 45 | {{flaglist|Åland Islands}} | 1553 | |- | 46 | {{flaglist|Faroe Islands}} | 1,399 | |- | 47 | {{flaglist|Isle of Man}} | 572 | |- | 48 | {{flaglist|Andorra}} | 468 | |- | 49 | {{flaglist| Jan Mayen}} | 373 | |- | 50 | {{flaglist|Malta}} | 316 | |- | 51 | {{flaglist|Liechtenstein}} | 160 | |- | 52 | {{flaglist|Jersey}} | 119.5 | |- | 53 | {{flaglist|Guernsey}} | 78 | |- | 54 | {{flaglist|San Marino}} | 61 | |- | 55 | {{flaglist|Liberland}} | 7 | |- | 56 | {{flaglist|Gibraltar}} | 6.8 | |- | 57 | {{flaglist|Monaco}} | 2.02 | |- | 58 | {{flaglist|Vatican City}} | 0.44 | |} ==Notes== {{reflist|group="Note"}} {{DEFAULTSORT:European countries in order of geographical area}} [[Category:Europe-related lists|countries in order of geographical area]] [[Category:Lists of countries]] gz5bwqw5qo6yh6i0uspppmiydt3zljt 4 111239 10369216 3558414 2025-07-03T08:26:01Z Cactusisme 1477024 new archive 10369216 wikitext text/x-wiki {{archive box collapsible| *[[Wikipedia:Proposed article demotion/Archive 1|Archived proposals (February 19 - May 2008)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed article demotion/Archive 2|Archived proposals (June 2008 - March 2010)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed article demotion/Archive 3|Archived proposals (April 2010 - April 2012)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed article demotion/Archive 4|Archived proposals (May 2012 onwards)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed article demotion/Archive 5|Archived proposals (2024 onwards)]] }} dldj5idy77bdnc1r2xzqdieie8tshc9 10369219 10369216 2025-07-03T08:27:11Z Cactusisme 1477024 10369219 wikitext text/x-wiki {{archive box collapsible| *[[Wikipedia:Proposed article demotion/Archive 1|Archived proposals (February 19 - May 2008)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed article demotion/Archive 2|Archived proposals (June 2008 - March 2010)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed article demotion/Archive 3|Archived proposals (April 2010 - April 2012)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed article demotion/Archive 4|Archived proposals (May 2012 onwards)]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed article demotion/Archive 5|Archived proposals (December 2021 onwards)]] }} 32jyqt0qxasnt1mdyer5qitaedpr0j3 0 111251 10368842 10323865 2025-07-03T03:19:29Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368842 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:PapenSchleicher0001.jpg|thumb|Franz von Papen and Kurt von Schleicher helped the Nazis. They were not SA, but Hitler disliked them and the SS killed them.]] The '''Night of the Long Knives''' ([[German language|German]]: {{Audio|De-Nacht_der_langen_Messer.ogg|Nacht der langen Messer}}) or "'''Operation Hummingbird'''" ({{lang|de|Kolibri}}) was a [[purge]] that took place in [[Nazi Germany]]. It happened between 30 June and 2 July 1934 when the [[Nazi Party|Nazi]] regime executed at least 90 people and an estimated 200 for political reasons. Most of those killed were members of the "[[Sturmabteilung|Storm Troopers]]" (SA) (German: {{lang|de|[[Sturmabteilung]]}}). [[Adolf Hitler]] moved against the SA and its leader, [[Ernst Röhm]], because he saw the independence of the SA and the penchant of its members for street violence as a direct threat to his power. Hitler also wanted to forestall any move by leaders of the [[Reichswehr]], the German military, who both feared and despised the SA, to curtail his rule, especially since Röhm made no secret of his ambition to absorb the Reichswehr with himself at its head. Adolf Hitler also killed them because they were becoming difficult to control and he was worried that they would branch off and want independence to carry out more radical ideas. Finally, Hitler used the purge to go against conservative critics of his regime, especially those loyal to Vice-Chancellor [[Franz von Papen]], and to settle scores with old enemies, such as [[Kurt von Schleicher]]. [[Ernst Röhm]] was arrested on June 30 by the [[SS]] (lead by [[Reichsführer-SS]] [[Heinrich Himmler]] and deputy [[SS-Obergruppenführer]] [[Reinhard Heydrich]]) and was killed by General [[Josef Dietrich|Josef Sepp Dietrich]],[[Theodor Eicke]] and [[Michael Lippert]] . == Official list of those killed == {{multiple image | align = right | direction = horizontal | image1 = Bundesarchiv Bild 119-1721, Gregor Strasser crop.jpg | width1 = 125 | caption1 = [[Gregor Strasser]], Hitler's former competitor for control of the [[Nazi Party]] (1928) | image2 = Gustav Ritter von Kahr (1920).jpg | width2 = 149 | caption2 = [[Gustav Ritter von Kahr|Gustav von Kahr]] (1920) }} However, the list of 77 was far from being complete: Hitler admitted that some excesses had taken place and stated that he had handed over the cases of several people who had been killed as part of unauthorized actions by subordinate organs to the authorities, who were supposed to implement a regular prosecution of the perpetrators. Among those cases who were at first subject to regular investigation and prosecution by the locally responsible Attorney Offices were those of the city clerk Kuno Kamphausen who was murdered at the order of an SS officer who bore a grudge against him for refusing to give a construction permission to his brother and the cases of four Jews and two Communists who were killed without permission from Berlin in the course of arbitrary actions by lower SS echelons in the province of Silesia. In September 1934, [[Heinrich Himmler]] – eager to shield his SS men from legal prosecution – managed to convince Hitler to change his mind on the latter six people, whose names as a consequence, were subsequently added to the official list whose killing was to be considered rightful and which now encompassed 83 names. The list of 77 or 83 names respectively was kept in several copies – which were stored under lock and key – in the Ministry of Justice and the Gestapo Headquarters. After a law entitled "Gesetz über Maßnahmen der Staatsnotwehr" ("Law pertaining to the Measures of Self-Defense of the State") had been passed by the Reich Cabinet on July 3, which declared: "Die zur Niederschlagung hoch- und landesverräterischer Angriffe am 30. Juni, 1. und 2. Juli 1934 vollzogenen Maßnahmen sind als Staatsnotwehr rechtens" ("The measures taken to clamp down on the treasonous attacks of June 30th, July 1st and 2nd are rightful, due to having been acts of self-defense of the State.")<ref>[https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Staatsnotwehrgesetz wikisource]</ref> it was decided that the killing of everybody on that list was to be considered lawful and that therefore the police and Attorney Offices were prohibited from investigating and prosecuting anyone for those killings. The lists thus were used by the Ministry and the Gestapo as a referential tool which could be consulted to decide, whether requests of relatives and friends of those killed to be given information on the circumstances of death of their beloved ones, or requests to prosecute those responsible for their killing would be answered in the affirmative (people killed and not mentioned on the Gestapo list) or in the negative (people whose names were to be found on the list). The same applied to requests of other state authorities (especially police departments and Attorney Offices) who inquired at the Ministry of Justice or the Gestapo headquarters whether they should open and or continue investigation of a specific killing that had taken place on the three days from June 30 to July 2. The official list of those killed was first published in 1964 by Heinrich Bennecke (1902–1972) in the appendix of his book ''Die Reichswehr und der "Röhm-Putsch"''. {{multiple image | align = right | direction = horizontal | image1 = Bundesarchiv Bild 102-15282A, Ernst Röhm.jpg | width1 = 138 | caption1 = [[Ernst Röhm]], Chief of Staff of the ''[[Sturmabteilung]]'' (SA), one of the primary targets of the purge (1933) | image2 = Bundesarchiv Bild 136-B0228, Kurt von Schleicher.jpg | width2 = 125 | caption2 = [[Kurt von Schleicher]], former [[Chancellor of Germany]] (1932) }} == Estimates of people killed in addition to those on the official list == Later research by historians has shown that in addition to those listed by the Gestapo a number of others also had been killed. Heinrich Bennecke complemented the names of the city clerk Kuno Kamphausen from Waldenburg and the music critic Willi Schmid to his reprint of the official Gestapo list, whereupon he concluded that at least 85 people were killed during the purge. Later, Hans Günther Richardi, in his study on the [[Dachau concentration camp]], added the names of four inmates of Dachau (lawyer Julius Adler (1882–1934), worker Erich Gans (1908–1934), [[:de:Walter Häbich|Walter Häbich]] and worker Adam Hereth (1897-1934)), claiming they were murdered by the SS during the purge. In 1993 Otto Gritschneder published a book on the post–World War II prosecution of those involved in the killings which lists 90 names of people killed (adding the doctor and Röhm associate [[Karl-Günther Heimsoth|Karl Günther Heimsoth]] to the list).<ref>[[:de:Otto Gritschneder]]: ''Der Führer hat sie zum Tode verurteilt'', Munich 1993, {{ISBN|3-406-37651-7}}.</ref> [[Richard J. Evans]] states that at least 85 people were killed and more than 1000 were arrested.<ref>{{cite book |last=Evans |first=Richard |title=The Third Reich in Power |publisher=Penguin Group |year=2005 |page=39 |quote=At least eighty-five people are known to have been summarily killed without any formal legal proceedings being taken against them. Göring alone had over a thousand people arrested.}}</ref> [[Ian Kershaw]] also cites the number of deaths at 85. Kershaw notes that "some estimates...put the total number killed at between 150 and 200."<ref name=Kershaw>{{cite book |last=Kershaw |first=Ian |title=Hitler: 1889–1936 Hubris |url=https://archive.org/details/hitler18891936hu0000kers/ |url-access=registration |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |year=1999 |page=[https://archive.org/details/hitlerhubris00kers/page/517 517]|isbn=9780393046717 }}</ref> [[William L. Shirer]] writes in his ''Rise and Fall of the Third Reich'', that "''[[White Book of the Purge|The White Book of the Purge]]'', published by émigrés in Paris claims 401 deaths, but lists only 116 of them. At the 1957 trial in Munich the figure 'more than 1,000' was used."<ref>{{cite book |last=Shirer |first=William J. |title=The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich |url=https://archive.org/details/risefallthirdreich00shir |url-access=registration |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=1960 |pages=221–222}}</ref> Both of those figures are much higher than the ones most historians of the period rely on, and that Shirer himself was not necessarily citing the figures as accurate, but was simply relaying them in his book. The most recent study on the matter lists by name 89 people who were definitely killed, as well as two other cases of whom it is unclear whether they were murdered during the events or slightly earlier or later.<ref>Rainer Orth: ''Der SD-Mann Johannes Schmidt. Der Mörder des Reichskanzlers Kurt von Schleicher?'', Marburg 2011, pp. 102–112. {{ISBN|978-3828828728}}</ref> ==List of The Victims== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" ! scope="col" width="10%" | Name ! scope="col" width="10%" | Place of death ! scope="col" width="35%" class="unsortable"|Personal details ! scope="col" width="40%" class=unsortable|Circumstances ! scope="col" width="5%" class=unsortable|Image |- | [[Otto Ballerstedt]] || [[Dachau Concentration Camp]] || Former Chief of the "[[Monarchism in Bavaria after 1918|Bayernbund]]", a secessionist political group in [[Bavaria]]. Hitler was imprisoned for a month in 1922 after he had physically attacked Ballerstedt at a rally. || Ballerstedt was arrested on the evening of 30 June 1934 by armed SS men in his Munich apartment, a day before going on a planned trip to Austria. He was killed in or near Dachau concentration camp. His body found on the morning of 1 July in the forest near Gündinger Neuhimmelreich. The autopsy revealed he had died by a shot to the back of the head.<ref>(Kimmel: KZ Dachau, S. 366;) Garg: Justice in the Third Reich, p. 439 in combination with international Dachau Committee: Dachau notebooks, vol. 8-9, p. 222</ref> || {{center|—}} |- | Fritz Beck || Gündinger Forest near Dachau || Director of the Munich Students' Welfare Fund<ref name=pittspress>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hEwbAAAAIBAJ&sjid=nEsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5458,3898091&dq=fritz-gerlich&hl=en |title=Hitler Issues Anti-Jewish Decree |publisher=The Pittsburgh Press |page=1 |author=United Press |date=1934-07-05 |access-date=2013-02-12}}</ref> || Killed either for his contacts to Röhm who was honorary president of his student association or for Beck’s opposition to Nazi policy. || [[File:Fritz Beck.jpg|110px]] |- | [[Herbert von Bose]] || [[Borsig Palace]], Berlin || Press chief in the Prussian State Ministry, senior government councillor and associate of [[Franz von Papen]]<ref name=Kershaw /> Part of the catholic conservative opposition centered around [[Edgar Jung]]. || Initially reported as "suicide" then revised to "shot while resisting search of the Chancellery".<ref name=pittspress /><ref>{{cite book |last=Speer |first=Albert |title=Inside the Third Reich |publisher=The MacMillan Company |year=1970 |isbn=0-684-82949-5 |page=[https://archive.org/details/insidethirdreich00albe/page/53 53] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/insidethirdreich00albe/page/53 }}</ref> || [[File:Herbert von Bose.jpg|125px]] |- | [[Ferdinand von Bredow]] || Berlin || Chief of the ''[[Abwehr]]'', ''[[Generalmajor]]'' of the ''Reichswehr'', close associate of [[Kurt von Schleicher]],<ref name=Kershaw /> famed militarist and Junker. || Shot when answering his door at Spichernstrasse 15 in Berlin's [[Wilmersdorf]],<ref name=wheeler>{{cite book |last=Wheeler |first=John |title=The Nemesis of Power the German Army in Politics 1918-1945 |publisher=The MacMillan Company |year=1967 |url=https://archive.org/details/nemesisofpowerge0000whee/page/324/mode/2up }}</ref> or perhaps executed the following Monday by firing squad.<ref name=pittspress /> || [[File:Ferdinandbredow.JPG|125px]] |- | [[Georg von Detten]] || [[Lichterfelde (Berlin)|Lichterfelde]] SS barracks || Member of the [[Reichstag (Nazi Germany)|Reichstag]], SA-''[[Gruppenführer]]'' and head of the Political Office in the Supreme SA-Leadership || Arrested at Munich train station and transferred to Stadelheim Prison. Together with his staff leader Hans-Joachim von Falkenhausen, Karl Schreyer and Fritz Ritter von Kraußer, he was flown to Berlin. The four men were held at [[Columbia concentration camp]] prior to execution at [[Lichterfelde (Berlin)|Lichterfelde]] SS barracks. || [[File:Georg von Detten.jpg|125px]] |- | [[Karl Ernst]] || Lichterfelde, SS barracks<ref name=pittspress /> || Member of the ''Reichstag'', SA-''Gruppenführer'' and ''Führer'' of SA-''Gruppe'' [[Gau Berlin|Berlin]]-[[Gau March of Brandenburg|Brandenburg]] || Ernst was arrested in [[Bremerhaven]] together with his wife about to board a ship to travel to their honeymoon. He was handed over in [[Bonn]] to an SS unit led by [[Kurt Gildisch]] for interrogation. He was flown to Berlin, taken to the [[Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler]] barracks. He was shot by firing squad on June 30, one of 14 people shot there.<ref>Federal Archive NS 23/45.</ref> || [[File:Ernst Porträt.jpg|125px]] |- | Hans Joachim von Falkenhausen || Lichterfelde SS barracks || SA-''[[Oberführer]]'', chief of staff of Georg von Detten, brother of General [[Alexander von Falkenhausen]] - the head of the military government in Belgium in 1940–44 during its [[History of Belgium#World War II|German occupation]]. || He was arrested in Munich on June 30, 1934. The next day he was flown to Berlin with Georg von Detten, Fritz von Krausser and Karl Schreyer. They were temporarily held in the [[Columbia concentration camp]] at Tempelhof. Falkenhausen was taken to Lichterfelde SS barracks and shot at 2 a.m. on July 2. || [[File:FalkenhausenHaJoa.jpg|125px]] |- | [[Fritz Gerlich]] || Dachau Concentration Camp || Newspaper journalist, editor of Munich's Catholic weekly (''Der Gerade Weg'') and publisher, [[Catholic Action]]<ref name=pittspress /> || Had been arrested already on 9 March 1933 and was in detention in Dachau KZ prior to his execution. || [[File:Gerlich.JPG|125px]] |- | Alexander Glaser || [[Maxvorstadt]], Munich || Lawyer,<ref name=pittspress /> associate of Gregor Strasser || Shot from behind outside his apartment on Amalienstrasse in Munich. He succumbed to his injuries a few days later, on July 5 at [[Schwabing]] Hospital. || [[File:AlexanderGlaser.jpg|125px]] |- | [[Hans Hayn]] || [[Stadelheim Prison]], Munich || Member of the Reichstag, SA-''Gruppenführer'' and ''Führer'' of SA-''Gruppe'' [[Gau Saxony|Sachsen]] || On June 30, 1934, Hayn was arrested and taken to Stadelheim Prison in Munich. There he was shot by the SS Leibstandarte under Sepp Dietrich in the afternoon, along with Edmund Heines, Peter von Heydebreck, Wilhelm Schmid, August Schneidhuber and Hans Erwin von Spreti-Weilbach. || {{center|—}} |- | [[Edmund Heines]] || Stadelheim Prison, Munich || Member of the Reichstag, SA-''[[Obergruppenführer]]'', deputy to Röhm, ''Führer'' of SA-''Obergruppe'' VIII ([[Gau Silesia|Silesia]]) and Chief of Police of [[Breslau]] || Arrested at Bad Wiessee having been found in bed with Erich Schiewek,<ref name=Kershaw />{{Failed verification|date=May 2024}} transferred to Stadelheim Prison where he was shot by an SS firing squad convened by [[Sepp Dietrich]]. In 1957, Dietrich was convicted of being an accessory to manslaughter by a West German court and sentenced to 18 months in prison. || [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 119-1231, Edmund Heines.jpg|125px]] |- | Oskar Heines || In a field near Groß Heidau || SA-''[[Sturmbannführer]]'' and younger brother of Edmund Heines. || || {{center|—}} |- | Hans [[Peter von Heydebreck]] || Stadelheim Prison, Munich || Member of the Reichstag, SA-''Brigadeführer'' and ''Führer'' of SA-''Gruppe'' [[Gau Pomerania|Pomerania]] || Arrested on his way to Bad Weissee and transferred to Stadelheim Prison. He was shot by an SS-Leibstandarte firing squad convened along with Hans Hayn, Edmund Heines, Wilhelm Schmid, August Schneidhuber and Hans Erwin von Spreti-Weilbach in the early evening of the same day. In 1957, Sepp Dietrich, who convened the firing squad which executed the men, was convicted of being an accessory to manslaughter by a West German court and sentenced to 18 months in prison. || {{center|—}} |- | [[Anton von Hohberg und Buchwald]] || [[Dulsin|Dulzen]], [[East Prussia]] || SS-''[[Obersturmführer]]'', one of only five SS victims.<ref>[http://www.abendblatt.de/extra/service/944949.html?url=/ha/1962/xml/19620804xml/habxml62_35248.xml Hamburger Abendblatt 4 August 1962]</ref> || Shot by two SS men at his home on the orders of ''Obergruppenführer'' [[Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski]]. On January 16, 1961, von dem Bach Zelewski was convicted of manslaughter by a [[West Germany|West German]] court and sentenced to {{frac|4|1|2}} years imprisonment || {{center|—}} |- | [[Edgar Julius Jung]] || Uncertain, possibly Berlin || Lawyer, Catholic Action worker. Authored Vice-Chancellor [[Franz von Papen]]'s "[[Marburg speech]]", critical of the Nazi Party. || In 'protective custody' since late June. Found dead in a ditch near Oranienburg on 1 July,<ref name=Kershaw /> or executed the following Monday by firing squad.<ref name=pittspress /> || [[File:EdgarJung0002.jpg|125px]] |- | [[Gustav Ritter von Kahr]] || Dachau concentration camp || Former prime minister of [[Bavaria]], member of Triumvirate that ruled Bavaria during the [[Beer Hall Putsch]]. || Shot at the [[Dachau concentration camp]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Richardi |first=Hans-Günther |title=Schule der Gewalt: das Konzentrationslager Dachau |publisher=Piper |year=1995 |isbn=9783492120579 |location=Munich |pages=235 |language=de |trans-title=School of Violence: the Dachau Concentration Camp}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gritschneder |first=Otto |title=Der Führer hat Sie zum Tode verurteilt … |url=https://archive.org/details/derfuhrerhatsiez0000grit |publisher=C.H. Beck |year=1993 |isbn=9783406376511 |location=Munich |pages=[https://archive.org/details/derfuhrerhatsiez0000grit/page/n139 136] |language=de |trans-title=The Führer Has Sentenced You to Death ...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Tuchel |first=Johannes |title=Konzentrationslager: Organisationsgeschichte und Funktion der "Inspektion der Konzentrationslager" 1934–1938 |publisher=H. Boldt |year=1991 |isbn=9783764619022 |location=Boppard am Rhein |pages=179 |language=de |trans-title=Concentration Camps: Organizational History and Function of the "Inspection of Concentration Camps" 1934–1938}}</ref> Story that his body was later found hacked with pickaxes largely discredited by later historians. || [[File:Gustav Ritter von Kahr (1920).jpg|125px]] |- | Dr. Kuno Kamphausen || [[Walbrzych|Waldenburg]] || Architect, member of the [[Deutsche Zentrumspartei|''Zentrum'']] political party || Three SS officers were convicted of his [[manslaughter]] in 1934 and sentenced to 1, 2, and 5 years in prison. However, they were all released from prison within a year, under pressure by Himmler. || [[File:KunoKamphausen.jpg|125px]] |- | Eugen von Kessel || [[Tiergartenstrasse]], Berlin || Former officer and police captain || Shot dead in his Berlin office on June 30, 1934. || {{center|—}} |- | [[Erich Klausener]] || [[Wilhelmstrasse]] 80, Berlin || Catholic Professor, former leader of the police department in the [[Prussia]]n ministry of internal affairs and president of Berlin's [[Catholic Action]] group. Close associate of Vice-Chancellor Franz von Papen and contributed to the Marburg speech. ||Shot in his office at the Ministry of Transport in Berlin. The assassination was ordered by [[Reinhard Heydrich]], and carried out by [[Kurt Gildisch]]. After the war, Gildisch convicted of his murder, having been promoted by the SS in rank after the killing, and sentenced to 15 years in prison. He was released from prison on health grounds shortly before his death in 1956.<ref name=Kershaw /><ref name=pittspress /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Night-of-the-Long-Knives|title=Night of the Long Knives &#124; Summary & Facts|date=May 9, 2024 }}</ref> || [[File:E.Klausener0002.jpg|125px]] |- | Hans-Karl Koch || Lichterfelde SS barracks || Member of the Reichstag, SA-''[[Brigadeführer]]'' in SA-''Gruppe'' [[Gau Westmark|Westmark]] || || {{center|—}} |- | [[Fritz Ritter von Kraußer]] || Lichterfelde SS barracks || Member of the Reichstag, SA-''Obergruppenfuhrer'' and Chief of Department I (Organization) in the Supreme SA Leadership. || Arrested on 30 June 1934, and sent to Stadelheim prison. Transferred from Munich to Berlin where he was executed at Lichterfelde SS barracks on 2 July. || [[File:Krausser.JPG|125px]] |- | [[Adalbert Probst]] || Unknown || National director of the [[DJK-Sportverband|Catholic Youth Sports Association]] (German:''Deutsche Jugendkraft-Sportverbands'') || Probst was abducted and later found dead, allegedly "shot while trying to escape".<ref>John S. Conway; ''The Nazi Persecution of the Churches, 1933-1945''; p. 92</ref> || [[File:AdProbst.jpg|125px]] |- | Hans Ramshorn || Woods near Obernigk and Breslau-Deutsch-Lissa || Member of the Reichstag, SA-''Brigadeführer'' in [[Oberschlesien]] and chief of police of [[Gleiwitz]] || Udo von Woyrsch was convicted of [[manslaughter]] for this killing amongst others in 1957 and sentenced to 10 years imprisonment.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gritschneder |first1=Otto |title=he Führer sentenced you to death. Hitler's "Röhm Putsch" murders in court |url=https://archive.org/details/derfuhrerhatsiez0000grit |date=1993 |location=Munich |isbn=3406376517 |page=[https://archive.org/details/derfuhrerhatsiez0000grit/page/n118 1105]}}</ref> || {{center|—}} |- | [[Ernst Röhm]] || Stadelheim prison, Munich || SA-''[[Stabschef]]'' (chief of staff), [[Minister without portfolio]] in the Reich cabinet and Member of the Reichstag || Arrested at Bad Wiessee, transferred to Stadelheim Prison. Executed in his cell after being given a gun with one bullet and asked to commit suicide.<ref name=Kershaw /><ref name=pittspress /> || [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-15282A, Ernst Röhm.jpg|125px]] |- | Paul Röhrbein || Dachau concentration camp || SA-captain, leader of the first SA of Berlin || In protective custody in various prisons in Munich and in the Dachau concentration camp since July 5, 1933. Shot along with [[Fritz Gerlich]]. || {{center|—}} |- | Martin Schätzl || Dachau Concentration Camp || SA-''[[Obertruppführer]]'' and adjutant to Röhm || Arrested at Bad Wiessee, transferred to Stadelheim Prison, taken to Dachau KZ where he was shot by the SS. || [[File:Schaetzl1.jpg|110px]] |- | Erich Schiewek || Dachau concentration camp || SA-''Obertruppführer'' from Breslau, accompanied [[Edmund Heines]] to Bad Wiessee as substitute adjutant || Arrested in bed with Heines. After incarceration in Stadelheim Prison, he was transferred to Dachau KZ where he was shot by the SS alongside Max Vogel. || {{center|—}} |- | General [[Kurt von Schleicher]] || [[Babelsberg]], [[Potsdam]] || Former [[Chancellor of Germany]]. || Shot at home with his wife, reported as "resisting arrest".<ref name=Kershaw /><ref name=pittspress /><ref name=wheeler /> || [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 136-B0228, Kurt von Schleicher.jpg|125px]] |- | Elisabeth von Schleicher || Babelsberg || Wife of Kurt von Schleicher.<ref name=Kershaw /><ref name=pittspress /> || Shot alongside her husband, died on the way to hospital || [[File:Schleicher mit frau.jpg|125px]] |- | [[Willi Schmid|Wilhelm Eduard Schmid]] || Dachau Concentration Camp || Music critic for the ''Münchener Neueste Nachrichten'', a Munich newspaper. || Killed by SS in a case of mistaken identity, believing him to be either SA-Gruppenführer Wilhelm Schmid<ref>{{cite book |last=Shirer |first=William J. |title=The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich |url=https://archive.org/details/risefallthirdreich00shir |url-access=registration |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=1960 |pages=223–224}}</ref> or Dr. Ludwig Schmitt, sympathizer of Otto Strasser.<ref name=Kershaw /> || [[File:Willi Schmid (filtered).png|125px]] |- | [[Wilhelm Schmid (SA-Gruppenführer)|Wilhelm Schmid]] || Stadelheim Prison, Munich || SA-''Gruppenfuhrer'', ''Fuhrer'' of SA-''Gruppe'' Hochland in [[Munich]] and member of the Reichstag || Arrested in Munich and sent to Stadelheim prison. He was executed by the Leibstandarte along with SA leaders Hans Hayn, Edmund Heines, Peter von Heydebreck, August Schneidhuber and Hans Erwin von Spreti-Weilbach. In 1957, Sepp Dietrich, who convened the firing squad which executed the men, was convicted of being an accessory to manslaughter by a West German court and sentenced to 18 months in prison. || |- | [[August Schneidhuber]] || Stadelheim Prison, Munich || SA-''Obergruppenfuhrer'', ''Fuhrer'' of SA-''Obergruppe'' VII (Munich), chief of police in Munich and member of the Reichstag || Arrested by Hitler in Munich and sent to Stadelheim prison. He was executed by the Leibstandarte along with SA leaders Hans Hayn, Peter von Heydebreck, Wilhelm Schmid, Hans Erwin von Spreti-Weilbach and Edmund Heines. In 1957, Sepp Dietrich, who convened the firing squad which executed the men, was convicted of being an accessory to manslaughter by a West German court and sentenced to 18 months in prison. || [[File:ASchneidhuber.JPG|115px]] |- | Johann Konrad Schragmüller || Lichterfelde SS barracks || SA-''Gruppenführer'', Member of the Reichstag, chief of police of [[Magdeburg]] || Arrested in Bad Wiessee. Transferred to Lichterfelde SS barracks where he was shot. || {{center|—}} |- |Hans Schweighart |Dachau Concentration Camp |SA-''[[Standartenfuhrer]]'' - Adjutant to Ernst Röhm |Arrested on June 30, 1934, in Bad Wiessee and taken to Stadelheim Prison. Shot in Dachau KZ on July 1, 1934. |[[File:H.Schweighart.jpg|125px]] |- | [[Emil Sembach]] || [[Riesengebirge]] || Member of the Reichstag, ex-SS-''[[Oberführer]]'' || Udo von Woyrsch was convicted of manslaughter for this killing amongst others in 1957 and sentenced to 10 years imprisonment. || [[File:Emil Sembach.jpg|125px]] |- | [[Hans Erwin Graf von Spreti-Weilbach]] || Stadelheim Prison, Munich || Close associate of Röhm, SA-''[[Standartenfuhrer]]'' || Arrested at Bad Wiessee, transferred to Stadelheim Prison where he was executed by the Leibstandarte on 30 June along with Hans Hayn, Edmund Heines, Peter von Heydebreck, Wilhelm Schmid and August Schneidhuber. In 1957, Sepp Dietrich, who convened the firing squad which executed the men, was convicted of being an accessory to manslaughter by a West German court and sentenced to 18 months in prison. || [[File:Hans Erwin von Spreti-Weilbach.jpg|125px]] |- | Father [[Bernhard Stempfle]] || Munich || Defrocked priest, former co-prisoner of Hitler in [[Landsberg, Bavaria]], and one of the editors of ''[[Mein Kampf]]'' || No known motive.<ref name=Kershaw /> || [[File:Stempfle.JPG|125px]] |- | [[Gregor Strasser]] || [[Prinz-Albrecht-Strasse]], Berlin || Former high-ranking Nazi Party member as ''Reichsorganisationsleiter'' and former member of the Reichstag. Hitler was godfather to his children. || Shot in a cell in the Gestapo HQ.<ref name=Kershaw /> Reported as a suicide.<ref name=pittspress /> || [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 119-1721, Gregor Strasser.jpg|125px]] |- | Julius Uhl || Dachau concentration camp || SA-''Standartenfuhrer'', Hitler named him in the Reichstag as the man who would've killed him || Arrested at Bad Weissee on June 30 then transferred to Stadelheim Prison. Along with Martin Schätzl and Johann König he was transferred to Dachau Concentration Camp and shot on July 2. || [[File:JuUhl.jpg|125px]] |- | Maximilian "Max" Vogel || Dachau concentration camp || SA-''[[Obersturmfuhrer]]'', Ernst Röhm's chauffeur || Arrested in Bad Wiessee. After incarceration in Stadelheim Prison, he was transferred to Dachau KZ where he was shot by the SS together with Erich Schiewek.<ref>Lothar Gruchmann : Justice in the Third Reich 1933-1940: Adaptation and submission in the Gürtner era , p. 437.</ref> || {{center|—}} |- | Gerd Voß || Lichterfelde SS barracks || SA-''[[Sturmfuhrer]]'', lawyer and SA legal adviser to [[Karl Ernst]] || || {{center|—}} |- | Karl Zehnter || Road from Dachau to [[Augsburg]] near Längenmoos || Zum Bratwurstglöckl proprietor || The Zum Bratwurstglöckl in Munich was Röhm's favorite tavern, where Goebbels met secretly with Röhm prior to the purge. Although not involved politically, it was deemed that he 'knew too much'.<ref name=pittspress /><ref>{{citation | last = Bullock | first = Alan | title = Hitler: A Study in Tyranny| publisher = Pelican | place = London | year = 1962 | page = 297 }}</ref><ref>{{citation | last1 = Manvell| first1 = Roger| last2 = Fraenkel | first2 = Heinrich |title = Doctor Goebbels: His Life and Death| publisher = Skyhorse Publishing| place = New York| year = 2010 | page = 134 }}</ref> || {{center|—}} |- | Alexander Zweig || Near [[Jelenia Gora|Hirschberg]] || Jewish doctor from Hirschberg || || {{center|—}} |- | Jeanette Zweig || Near Hirschberg || Wife of Alexander Zweig (contrary to some accounts, she herself was not Jewish by birth) || || {{center|—}} |- | Ernestine Zoref || Dachau concentration camp || Partner of arrested journalist [[Paul Edmund von Hahn]], a suspected Soviet spy. || After imprisonment at Dachau KZ, Zoref was released only to be rearrested on June 30, 1934. She was brought back to Dachau and immediately shot. || {{center|—}} |} ==References== ===Inline citations=== {{reflist}} ===General references=== * Evans, Richard (2005)''The Third Reich in Power''. New York: Penguin Group * [[Ian Kershaw|Kershaw, Ian]] (1999) ''Hitler: 1889–1936: Hubris''. New York: W. W. Norton & Company * [[William L. Shirer|Shirer, William L.]] (1960) ''[[The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich]]''. New York: Simon and Schuster == Other websites == * [http://www.axishistory.com/index.php?id=4558 Victims of the Night of the Long Knives] [[Category:Victims of the Night of the Long Knives| ]] [[Category:Adolf Hitler]] [[Category:Deaths by firearm in Germany]] [[Category:LGBTQ history in Germany]] [[Category:Sturmabteilung|*SA]] [[Category:Nazi SS]] 37umhx61krap2i039y22m6mr0rr9le3 0 112660 10368898 8808053 2025-07-03T03:55:02Z 2600:8801:2F1B:1700:FC73:C5EE:4B8D:6170 10368898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{about|the basketball team|the baseball team|New York Knickerbockers (baseball)}} {{Infobox basketball club | name = New York Knicks | current = 2022–23 New York Knicks season | logo = KnicksWordmark.gif | imagesize = 200px | conference = [[Eastern Conference (NBA)|Eastern]] | division = [[Atlantic Division (NBA)|Atlantic]] | founded = 1946 | history = '''New York Knicks'''<br>1946–present<ref>{{cite web|title=NBA.com/Stats–New York Knicks seasons|url=http://stats.nba.com/team/#!/1610612752/seasons/|publisher=NBA Media Ventures, LLC|website=Stats.NBA.com|access-date=January 29, 2017|archive-date=September 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915143403/http://stats.nba.com/team/#!/1610612752/seasons/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=History: Team by Team|url=https://cdn.nba.net/assets/pdfs/2018-19-NBA-Guide-10-8.pdf#page=125|publisher=NBA Properties, Inc.|work=2018-19 Official NBA Guide|date=October 8, 2018|access-date=June 1, 2019|archive-date=April 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411200102/https://cdn.nba.net/assets/pdfs/2018-19-NBA-Guide-10-8.pdf#page=125|url-status=dead}}</ref> | arena = [[Madison Square Garden]] | location = [[New York City|New York City, New York]] | colors = Blue, orange, silver, black, white<ref name="Knickerbocker">{{cite web|title=What's a Knickerbocker?|url=http://www.nba.com/knicks/history/whatsaknickerbocker.html|publisher=NBA Media Ventures, LLC|website=NYKnicks.com|access-date=May 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Knicks Jersey Vault|url=http://www.nba.com/knicks/knicks-jersey-vault|publisher=NBA Media Ventures, LLC|website=NYKnicks.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901195450/http://www.nba.com/knicks/knicks-jersey-vault|archive-date=September 1, 2012|access-date=May 9, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=New York Knicks Reproduction and Usage Guideline Sheet|url=https://mediacentral.nba.com/wp-content/uploads/logos/nba/nyk/NewYork_Knicks_Logosheet.jpg|publisher=NBA Properties, Inc.|access-date=August 10, 2016}}</ref><br>{{color box|#006BB6}} {{color box|#F58426}} {{color box|#BEC0C2}} {{color box|#000000}} {{color box|#FFFFFF}} | sponsor = [[Squarespace]]<ref>{{cite press release|title=Squarespace X Knicks Announce Signature Partnership|url=http://www.nba.com/knicks/knicks-and-squarespace-announce-signature-partnership|publisher=NBA Media Ventures, LLC|website=NYKnicks.com|date=October 10, 2017|access-date=December 17, 2017}}</ref> | president = [[Leon Rose]] | gm = [[Scott Perry (basketball)|Scott Perry]] | coach = [[Mike Brown]] | owner = [[Madison Square Garden Company]] ([[James L. Dolan]], Executive Chairman) | affiliation = [[Westchester Knicks]] | league_champs = '''2''' ([[1970 NBA Finals|1970]], [[1973 NBA Finals|1973]]) | conf_champs = '''8''' ([[1951 NBA Playoffs|1951]], [[1952 NBA Playoffs|1952]], [[1953 NBA Playoffs|1953]], [[1970 NBA Playoffs|1970]], [[1972 NBA Playoffs|1972]], [[1973 NBA Playoffs|1973]], [[1994 NBA Playoffs|1994]], [[1999 NBA Playoffs|1999]]) | div_champs = '''5''' ([[1970–71 NBA season|1971]], [[1988–89 NBA season|1989]], [[1992–93 NBA season|1993]], [[1993–94 NBA season|1994]], [[2012–13 NBA season|2013]]) | ret_nums = '''10''' ([[Bill Russell|6]], [[Walt Frazier|10]], [[Dick Barnett|12]], [[Earl Monroe|15]], [[Dick McGuire|15]], [[Willis Reed|19]], [[Dave DeBusschere|22]], [[Bill Bradley|24]], [[Patrick Ewing|33]], [[Red Holzman|613]]) | website = {{URL|http://www.nba.com/knicks}} | 1_title = Association | 1_pattern_b = _nyknicks_association | 1_pattern_s = _nyknicks_association | 2_title = Icon | 2_pattern_b = _nyknicks_icon | 2_pattern_s = _nyknicks_icon | 3_title = Statement | 3_pattern_b = _nyknicks_statement | 3_pattern_s = _2018-19_NYK_statement }} The '''New York Knicks''', officially the '''New York Knickerbockers''', are a team in the [[National Basketball Association]] (NBA) in [[New York, New York]]. The current [[head coach]] of the team is [[Mike Brown]]. The Knicks play their home games at [[Madison Square Garden]]. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{official website}} {{New York Knicks}} {{NBA}} {{multistub|sport|US}} [[Category:National Basketball Association teams]] fsko9zp4l9p7fjq3njtabjuw02s5qwk 0 113039 10368947 10169419 2025-07-03T04:24:51Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Demographics */ Rephrased to fix the quality issues, along with 2 typos of duplication 10368947 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Kargil | native_name = करगिल | native_name_lang = hi | other_name = | settlement_type = [[Districts of Ladakh|District]] | image_skyline = Kargil Town Panorama.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = Kargil | nickname = | image_map = Ladakh Districts (2019).svg | map_alt = | map_caption = Map of Kargil district in [[Ladakh]] |coordinates = {{coord|34|01||N|76|24||E| region:IN-JK_type:adm3rd_dim:200000|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|Union Territory]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Ladakh]] | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]] | subdivision_name2 = Kargil | established_title = <!-- Established --> | established_date = 1 July 1979 | founder = | named_for = | seat_type = [[Headquarters]] | seat = [[Kargil]] | government_type = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 14,036 | area_rank = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 2676 | population_footnotes =<ref name="Census of India 2011 - JAMMU & KASHMIR">{{cite web|title=Census of India 2011 - JAMMU & KASHMIR|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0104_PART_B_DCHB_KARGIL.pdf|publisher=DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS JAMMU & KASHMIR|accessdate=16 July 2016}}</ref> | population_total = 140,802 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | demographics_type1 = Languages | demographics1_title1 = Official | demographics1_info1 = | demographics1_title2 = Spoken | demographics1_info2 = [[Purik]], [[Hindi]]/[[Urdu]], [[Shina language|Sheena]], [[Balti language|Balti]] | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN Code]] | postal_code = 194103 | registration_plate = LA 02 | website = {{URL|www.kargil.nic.in}} | footnotes = }} '''Kargil''' is a district in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|union territory]] of [[Ladakh]]. Kargil lies near the [[Line of Control]] and is surrounded by the Pakistan-administered region of [[Gilgit–Baltistan]] to the north, the [[Kashmir Valley]] and [[Jammu Division|Jammu]] divisions to the west, [[Leh district]] to the east and [[Himachal Pradesh]] to the south. Kargil is divided into 9 blocks which are, Kargil, Drass, Sankoo, Taisuru, Shargole, Shakar-Chiktan, Zanskar, GM Pore/Trespone and Lungnak.<ref name="Kargil District Administration">{{cite web|title=Kargil District Administration|url=http://kargil.nic.in/administration/disttadmin.htm|publisher=Official website of District Kargil-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir|accessdate=16 July 2016}}</ref> It has three Tehsils, namely Kargil, Zanskar and Sankoo. Zanskar and Drass are also sub divisions, and are headed administratively by a Sub Divisional Magistrate.<ref name="Kargil District Administration"/> == Name == The name '''Kargil''' is said to derive from the Balti-Tibetan words ''Khar'' and ''Rkil''. ''Khar'' means "Castle" and ''rkil'' means "Centre" - thus a place between castles (as the place lay between many kingdoms). The ancient name of Kargil was ''Purig''. == Demographics == With a population of 140,000, Kargil is the only Muslim majority district in Ladakh. Of the total population, 85% are Muslim, of which 73% follow Shia Islam. Most of the district's Muslims are found in Kargil town, [[Drass]], Wakha and the lower Suru valley. The remainder 14% are followers of Tibetan Buddhism and Bön, mostly found in Zanskar with small populations in the upper Suru valley (Rangdum) and around Shergol and Mulbekh. Another 1% of the population follow Hinduism and Sikhism. Purig and Balti people of Tibetan origin (converting from Buddhism to Islam in the 16th Century) mainly live in Kargil. They have mixed with the Dard, Mon and other Aryan people. The mainly Muslim Dards live in the valley of Drass and speak Shina. A small number of Buddhist Dard, known as Brokpa, live in the Dha-Hanu region near the Lamayuru monastery. Some Arghons also live in Kargil Town. Later, immigrants from Kashmir and Hindus Jammu have come to live in Kargil. == Gallery == <gallery> Girls in Kargil.jpg|Local girls in Kargil Folk dance, Kargil.jpg|buddhist girl dancing on a folk song The Eurassian Magpie - A common sight in Kargil.jpg Marmot - Found in wild in Ladakh.jpg Suru Valley - Kargil (LADAKH).jpg|View of Suru Valley Kargil town, India panorama.jpg|Panorama of Kargil Town Zoji La - Jammu And Kasmir.jpg|Lifeline of Ladakh region - the Zoji La Kargil town on the banks of suru river 327.jpg|Poyen Village Kargil sunset.jpg|Sunset in the mountains Winter in Kargil.jpg|Kargil in the winter Kargil's Kun and Nun mountain.jpg|The Kun and Nun mountain range in Kargil. Chortens col.jpg|Row of chortens (or stupas) at the village of Purne. Each of the elements that constitute these edifices, as well as their colour, has a symbolic meaning in Tibetan Buddhism. Kargil economy.jpg|Farmland in Kargil lies straddled below the mountains and above a flowing stream. </gallery> == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == * [http://kargil.nic.in/ "District Kargil", Official Kargil Site] * [http://kargil.nic.in/lahdck/lahdck.htm Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Kargil] [[Category:Districts of Jammu and Kashmir]] 8lkkjrc09qbonjp0njow89xhoxpcj4s 3 113230 10369493 8668727 2025-07-03T11:53:00Z Ferien 1011873 Notification: listing at [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] of [[AbulÉdu]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369493 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = User talk:Beefball/Archive %(counter)d |algo = old(14d) |counter = 3 |maxarchivesize = 250K }} {{User:Beefball/Nav}} {{/header}} ---- <!-- Post below this line! --> == Ishibu == About " ishibu"= Hi, beef ball I am sorry for my mistake I made just few months ago.I was quite new Editor for Wikipedia therefore, I couldn't make effective edits that's I would hope that in near future I make effective edits. == [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Template:Initial release == <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=|link=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Template:Initial release]], an article you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in his/her nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2016/Template:Initial release]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the article during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:21, 25 December 2016 (UTC) == [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Template:Quality of life country lists == <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=|link=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Template:Quality of life country lists]], an article you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2018/Template:Quality of life country lists]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the article during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 07:33, 23 June 2018 (UTC) == [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Gibraltar (Linux distribution) == <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Gibraltar (Linux distribution)]], an article you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2021/Gibraltar (Linux distribution)]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the article during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 08:21, 2 November 2021 (UTC) == [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Template:OS Market Share == <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Template:OS Market Share]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2023/Template:OS Market Share]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the article during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Lights and freedom|Lights and freedom]] ([[User talk:Lights and freedom|talk]]) 02:21, 5 February 2023 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of AbulÉdu== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:AbulÉdu]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/AbulÉdu]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 11:53, 3 July 2025 (UTC) got3k3vm4qzne2uur1ghtkrjcp61rh0 0 113628 10368950 9356846 2025-07-03T04:30:14Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 typo: duplication 10368950 wikitext text/x-wiki A housing may mean an [[enclosure]] containing some equipment or mechanism. Housing means places to live, such as dwellings and [[house]]s. In many countries governments will make rules about housing. Housing may be owned by the people who live in - [[owner-occupiers]]. They may have taken out [[debt]]<nowiki/>s - [[mortgage]] - to buy it. It may be rented from a private [[landlord]] who owns it. It may be [[public housing]], owned or managed by the government. This is usually [[affordable housing]], places to live that the average person can afford to purchase or rent [[Tied cottage|Tied housing]] means a house which goes with a job. People who cannot live on their own may be put in [[Residential institution|residential accommodation.]] == Cities == Housing in the centres of [[cities]] in many countries is becoming very expensive - so expensive that people with children cannot afford to live there. <ref>{{Cite web|date=14 July 2023|title=The prospect of the childless city|url=https://www.ft.com/content/31d9e4b7-a0d8-4316-bd42-9b097c0cb3a0|access-date=2023-07-14|website=Financial Times}}</ref> See also * [[Homelessness]] * [[Homeless shelter]] * [[Right to housing]] * [[Warming center]] ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Housing| ]] 5ey8zu04jxxu5scg3ypbue8w4cj2ka5 0 114012 10369492 9585226 2025-07-03T11:52:59Z Ferien 1011873 Nominated for deletion; see [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/AbulÉdu]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369492 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|fails [[WP:GNG]]}} {{infobox OS | developer = AbulÉdu Project | family = [[Linux]] | working state = Current | source model = [[Open source]] | latest release version = 11.08 | latest release date = | language = [[French language|French]] | package manager = [[Advanced Packaging Tool|Apt]] | ui = [[GNOME]] | license = various }} '''AbulÉdu''' is a [[France|French]] [[Linux distribution]] made for classrooms. It is based on [[Debian]] and it includes the [[Linux Terminal Server Project]] and a large number of educational applications. == Related pages == * [[GNU/Linux]] * [[Debian]] *[[List of Linux distributions]] == Other websites == * [http://www.abuledu.org/ Official site] (in [[French language|French]]) {{tech-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:AbulEdu}} [[Category:Linux distributions]] [[Category:Debian-based Linux distributions]] 36bobs8g5pqog2s4sw1017b0uk23f2a 0 114298 10367631 10362566 2025-07-02T12:53:50Z 38.226.18.206 10367631 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Evening in Parambikkulam, Kerala, India.jpg|thumb|Evening in Parambikkulam, [[Kerala]], [[India]]]] '''Evening''' is period from 18:00 until 23:59. The sky can vary when it is early evening, and can be completely dark with stars and the moon, or there can be sunset and/or dusk. {{stub}} [[Category:Parts of a day]] 3kg5hszjf7gq7wsoanxdq27qn3257kz 0 114299 10368286 10356463 2025-07-02T21:27:43Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C Use [[American English]] spelling by script 10368286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use American English|date=July 2025}} {{Infobox television | image = Sesame Street logo.svg | image_size = 250 | genre = {{Plainlist| * [[Children's television series|Children]] * [[Educational television|Educational]] }} | runtime = {{Plainlist| * 60 minutes (1969-2009) * 30 minutes (2009-present) }} | creator = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Ganz Cooney]] * [[Lloyd Morrisett]] * [[Jon Stone]] * [[Jim Henson]] (Muppet characters only) }} | executive_producer = {{Plainlist| * [[David Connell (television producer)|David Connell]] (1969–72)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tcGQh4_yOfU|title=Sesame Street season 1 End Credits (1969-70)|website=YouTube|access-date=June 18, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RMKFsK6Eg8Y|title=Sesame Street season 3 End Credits (1971-72)|website=YouTube|access-date=June 18, 2020}}</ref> * Jon Stone (1972–78)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LWoPI2XVybI| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/LWoPI2XVybI| archive-date=2021-12-11 | url-status=live|title=Sesame Street season 4 End Credits (1972-73)|website=YouTube|access-date=June 18, 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hd7f1dpdqAY| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122183029/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hd7f1dpdqAY| archive-date=2020-01-22 | url-status=dead|title= Sesame Street season 9 end credits (1977-78)|website=YouTube|access-date=June 18, 2020}}</ref> * Al Hyslop (1978–80) (credited as "producer" in season 10)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wX09Ab-tzwM| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008093234/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wX09Ab-tzwM| archive-date=2012-10-08 | url-status=dead|title=Sesame Street season 10 end credits (1978-79)|website=YouTube|access-date=June 18, 2020}}</ref> * [[Dulcy Singer]] (1980–93)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-S9oiQ3MFI| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/c-S9oiQ3MFI| archive-date=2021-12-11 | url-status=live|title=Sesame Street season 12 end credits (1980-81)|website=YouTube|access-date=June 18, 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5EU_B8mNZRU| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/5EU_B8mNZRU| archive-date=2021-12-11 | url-status=live|title=Sesame Street season 24 (#3010) closing & funding credits (1992) ["Dancing City" debut]|website=YouTube|access-date=June 18, 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref> * Michael Loman (1993–2002)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2nL3e08KBkA| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/2nL3e08KBkA| archive-date=2021-12-11 | url-status=live|title=Sesame Street - Season 25 End Credits (1993-1994)|website=YouTube|access-date=June 18, 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1YPSS2-zoQ&t=3337s| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/f1YPSS2-zoQ| archive-date=2021-12-11 | url-status=live|title=Elmo Writes a Story - Sesame Street Full Episode (credits start at 55:37)|website=YouTube|publisher=Sesame Street|access-date=June 18, 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref> * Lewis Bernstein (2003–05)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mxanrZZHJOA| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/mxanrZZHJOA| archive-date=2021-12-11 | url-status=live|title=Sesame Street Season 34 credits & fundings (version #1)|website=YouTube|access-date=June 18, 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=32GKLMu48Cg&t=3170s| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/32GKLMu48Cg| archive-date=2021-12-11 | url-status=live|title=Elmo and Zoe Play the Healthy Food Game - Sesame Street Full Episodes (credits start at 52:50)|website=YouTube|publisher=Sesame Street|access-date=June 18, 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref> * [[Carol-Lynn Parente]] (2006–17)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4A4DLecscpM| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/4A4DLecscpM| archive-date=2021-12-11 | url-status=live|title=PBS Kids Program Break (2006 WFWA-TV)|website=YouTube|access-date=June 18, 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref> * Brown Johnson (2017–19) * Benjamin Lehmann (2018–present) }} | location = {{Plain list| * [[Teletape Studios|Reeves Teletape Studios]] (1969–2009) * [[Kaufman Astoria Studios]] (2009–present) }} | theme_music_composer = {{Plain list| * [[Joe Raposo]] * Jon Stone * [[Bruce Hart (songwriter)|Bruce Hart]] }} | open_theme = "[[Can You Tell Me How to Get to Sesame Street?]]" | company = [[Sesame Workshop]]{{Refn|Known as Children's Television Workshop until 2000.|group=note}} | end_theme = {{Plainlist| * "Can You Tell Me How to Get to Sesame Street?" (instrumental, seasons 1-45) * "Smarter, Stronger, Kinder" (season 46-present) }} | country = United States | language = English | network = {{Plain list| * [[National Educational Television|NET]] (1969–1970) * [[PBS]] (1970–present) }} | first_aired = {{Start date|1969|11|10}} | last_aired = present | num_seasons = 55 | num_episodes = 4731{{Refn|Season 45 (2013–2014) was the first time episodes were numbered in a seasonal order rather than the numerical and chronological fashion used since the show premiered. For example, episode 4401 means "the first episode of the 45th season", not "the 4401st episode" (it is in fact the 4328th episode).|group=note}} }} '''''Sesame Street''''' is an American educational [[children's television series]] with many [[The Muppets|Muppets]] (puppet characters) and non-Muppet characters (human characters). There are also many animated characters. The show deals with issues like music, song, alphabet, numbers, and teaching children basics in learning, as well as more serious issues like death, divorce, [[HIV/AIDS]], autism, and foster care. Part of the profits go to an international project for children's schools. The show has been on TV since November 10, 1969. [[Jim Henson]] made the Muppets and a lot of writers and puppeteers worked together to make the show. The Muppets were used afterwards in a different show called ''[[The Muppet Show]]''. ''Sesame Street'' has been on TV in 120 countries all over the world. More than 4,000 episodes have been made over 50 seasons. One unique feature of the show is that the episode number appears at the start of each episode. <!--What does this mean?--> For most of its history, ''Sesame Street'' had been shown on [[PBS]] in 1970. In 2015, new episodes began airing on [[PBS]] in January 2016, but those episodes would be shown on PBS nine months. In 2020, Sesame Street aired on PBS for the last time. After five seasons on [[PBS]], the show returns to PBS as its first-run program, for the newer episodes, starting with the 51st season. ==The Muppets== {{main|The Muppets}} * [[Big Bird]] is a 8-foot-tall yellow [[Pteranodon|dino-bird]]. He was the first Muppet to appear on Sesame Street. His best friend is Snuffleupagus, a reddish-brown [[Woolly mammoth|mammoth]] with no tusks. He was assumed to be imaginary by the rest of the cast until the creators revealed him due to hearing about reports of [[sexual abuse]] cases of children. He was performed by Caroll Spinney (1969–2018) and Matt Vogel (2009–present). * [[Oscar the Grouch]] is a green alien who lives in a [[garbage can]] with his pet worm Slimey and his pet elephant Fluffy. He is always in a bad mood and he loves everything that other people hate: mud, dirt, etc. He has a girlfriend named Grundgetta. He was performed by Caroll Spinney (1969–2018) and Matt Vogel (2009–present). * [[Bert]] and [[Ernie]] are two roommates. Ernie is more active and always ready to play a game or make a mess. Bert is an often boring grouch who likes to read; he likes things to be clean, neat and loves [[pigeons]]. * [[Zoe (Sesame Street)|Zoe]] is a female yellowish-orange alien. She has a rock named Rocco and loves [[ballet]]. She is also Elmo's best friend. * [[Rosita (Sesame Street)|Rosita]] is a bilingual turquoise female alien who is from [[Mexico]] and speaks both English and Spanish. She also plays the guitar. She is performed by Carmen Osbahr. * [[Count von Count]] (The Count) is a number-counting lavender [[vampire]]. * Prairie Dawn is a driven young girl who loves to write and direct pageants featuring her friends. * [[Elmo]] is a small red alien who has a [[falsetto]] voice and lives with his [[goldfish]] named Dorothy. He speaks in third person and got his own Sesame Street segment, ''[[Elmo's World]]'' in 1998. Other Muppets for ''Sesame Street'' include a girl [[fairy]] named [[Abby Cadabby]], [[Murray Monster|Murray]], his lamb named Ovajita, [[Juila]], and the [[Two-Headed Monster]]. Not only Muppets play in the show but also a diverse cast of human characters who live with the Muppets. == Related pages == *[[Sesame Workshop]] ==Notes== {{reflist|group=note}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [http://www.muppetcentral.com Muppet Central] {{Navboxes | title = ''Sesame Street'' | list = {{Muppet films}} {{PBS Kids shows}} }} [[Category:1960s American children's television series]] [[Category:1960s American television series debuts]] [[Category:1969 American television series debuts]] [[Category:1970s American children's television series]] [[Category:1980s American children's television series]] [[Category:1990s American children's television series]] [[Category:2000s American children's television series]] [[Category:2010s American children's television series]] [[Category:2020s American children's television series]] [[Category:American children's television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:Learning]] [[Category:PBS Kids shows]] [[Category:Sesame Street]] [[Category:Television series about animals]] [[Category:Television series about families]] [[Category:Television series about friendship]] 9hphbpxqaq5zjcxzrd4mzi6keg1m64v 0 116882 10368296 10123948 2025-07-02T21:39:51Z Joey beg 1635932 10368296 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company |name = Universal Music Group |logo = Universal Music Group logo.svg |image = Umgheadquarters.jpg |image_caption = UMG's operational headquarters in [[Santa Monica]], California |type = [[Privately held company|Private]] |former_name = {{ubl|[[Decca Records]] (USA Business) (1934–1971)|[[MCA Records]] (1971–1989)|[[MCA Music Entertainment Group]] (1989–1996)}} |foundation = {{start date and age|1934|9}} |location = |location_city = [[Hilversum]], Netherlands (corporate) <br> [[Santa Monica, California]] |location_country = United States (operational) |key_people = [[Lucian Grainge]]<br>(Chairman & CEO) <br>[[Boyd Muir]]<br>(CFO) |area_served = Worldwide |industry = {{ubl|[[Music industry|Music]]|[[Entertainment]]}} |products = [[Music]] and [[entertainment]] |revenue = {{increase}} {{usd}} 7.1&nbsp;billion (2018)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Christman |first1=Ed |title=Universal Music Group 2018 Earnings: Revenue Tops $7.1B as Streaming Spikes 31 Percent |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/8498460/universal-music-group-2018-earnings-revenue-streaming-physical |website=Billboard |access-date=30 May 2019 |archive-date=June 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608080034/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/8498460/universal-music-group-2018-earnings-revenue-streaming-physical |url-status=live }}</ref> |net_income = |num_employees = 8,319 (2018)<ref name="vivendi 18">{{cite web |title=Vivendi Annual Report 2018 |url=https://www.vivendi.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Vivendi-Document-de-reference-2018-VA.pdf |website=Vivendi |access-date=30 May 2019 |archive-date=May 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530203022/https://www.vivendi.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Vivendi-Document-de-reference-2018-VA.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> |owners = {{ubl|[[Vivendi]] (80%)|[[Tencent]] (20%)}} |divisions = [[List of Universal Music Group labels]] |subsid = |homepage = {{url|universalmusic.com}} |footnotes = }} '''Universal Music Group''' is a [[company]] that runs four [[Record label|record labels]] in the [[music industry]]. It is the largest [[business group]] and family of record labels in the world. It started in 1934 as "Decca Records USA" and had some other names, before it became "Universal Music Group" in 1996. The company is based in [[Santa Monica, California]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://new.umusic.com/history.aspx |title=History|publisher=Universal Music Group|accessdate=2008-07-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://musicians.about.com/od/companyprofiles/p/Universal.htm|title=Universal Music Group|publisher=About.com|accessdate=2008-07-03|archive-date=2007-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071208012146/http://musicians.about.com/od/companyprofiles/p/Universal.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2023, UMG controlled 31.8% of the [[market share]], making it the largest music group in the world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=musicandcopyright|date=2024-04-23|title=New market share results reveal the recorded-music and music publishing winners and losers in 2023|url=https://musicandcopyright.wordpress.com/2024/04/23/new-market-share-results-reveal-the-recorded-music-and-music-publishing-winners-and-losers-in-2023/|access-date=2025-01-16|website=Music & Copyright's Blog|language=en}}</ref> It is a [[subsidiary]] of French company [[Vivendi]], with the Bolloré Family owning 28%, [[Tencent]] owning 20% of it, and Perishing Square Holdings owning another 10%. The rest is owned by various other investors.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vivendi: the Tencent-led consortium has completed the exercise of its call option and now owns 20% of UMG’s share capital - Vivendi|url=https://www.vivendi.com/en/press-release/vivendi-the-tencent-led-consortium-has-completed-the-exercise-of-its-call-option-and-now-owns-20-of-umgs-share-capital/|access-date=2025-01-16|website=www.vivendi.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-11-14|title=Admission to listing and trading of all ordinary shares on Euronext Amsterdam|pages=91-114|work=Universal Music Group N. V.|url=https://www.vivendi.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Universal-Music-Group-Prospectus-14-September-2021.pdf|access-date=2025-01-15}}</ref> [[Vivendi|Vivendi's]] headquarters are in [[Paris]], [[France]]. In the [[United States]], UMG is in [[Santa Monica, California]], and [[New York City]], along with [[Universal Music Group Nashville]]; in the UK the group has a number of offices in London and [[Romford]].{{fact|date=January 2025}} [[Espoir records]] ==History== "Universal Music" was once the music division for the movie studio [[Universal Studios|Universal Pictures]]. [[MCA]] Inc. bought American Decca in 1962. [[Seagram]], the owner of MCA, would buy [[PolyGram]] in 1998 to form Universal Music Group (which had been MCA before 1996).{{fact|date=January 2025}} In 2007, Universal bought [[BMG]]'s music publishing branch and folded it into the "Universal Music Publishing" division.{{fact|date=January 2025}} In 2012, Universal bought most of [[EMI]]'s music recordings. After the buyout, Universal then sold some labels such as V2, Sanctuary, Mute, and Parlophone. Universal Music has announced that it will develop an online site for music videos inspired by Hulu.com, the site setup by [[News Corp]] and [[NBC]] that allows free streaming of television shows.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.exclaim.ca/articles/generalarticlesynopsfullart.aspx?csid1=125&csid2=844&fid1=33958 |title=Exclaim News: Universal to Create Hulu-like Music Video Site |access-date=2013-09-29 |archive-date=2008-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201124534/http://www.exclaim.ca/articles/generalarticlesynopsfullart.aspx?csid1=125&csid2=844&fid1=33958 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This website is named [[Vevo]], and its music videos have been watched billions of times on [[YouTube]]. The company is also supported by [[musicians]] such as Marc Engelhard and, conversely, also refers to them.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pinterest.de/MarcEngelhardCelebrityStar/marc-engelhard-stage/ |title=Live Tones|date=2022}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [https://www.universalmusicgroup.com/Artists.aspx?Index=0 Universal Music Group - Artists] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061113043455/https://www.universalmusicgroup.com/Artists.aspx?Index=0 |date=2006-11-13 }} {{NBCUniversal}} [[Category:American record labels]] [[Category:Companies based in Santa Monica, California]] [[Category:Companies based in New York City]] [[Category:1934 establishments in the United States]] cuz0pqrs46cupyzlk5j6281rqy4vejg 10368315 10368296 2025-07-02T21:50:30Z Joey beg 1635932 10368315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company |name = Universal Music Group |logo = Universal Music Group logo.svg |image = Umgheadquarters.jpg |image_caption = UMG's operational headquarters in [[Santa Monica]], California |type = [[Privately held company|Private]] |former_name = {{ubl|[[Decca Records]] (USA Business) (1934–1971)|[[MCA Records]] (1971–1989)|[[MCA Music Entertainment Group]] (1989–1996)}} |foundation = {{start date and age|1934|9}} |location = |location_city = [[Hilversum]], Netherlands (corporate) <br> [[Santa Monica, California]] |location_country = United States (operational) |key_people = [[Lucian Grainge]]<br>(Chairman & CEO) <br>[[Boyd Muir]]<br>(CFO) |area_served = Worldwide |industry = {{ubl|[[Music industry|Music]]|[[Entertainment]]}} |products = [[Music]] and [[entertainment]] |revenue = {{increase}} {{usd}} 7.1&nbsp;billion (2018)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Christman |first1=Ed |title=Universal Music Group 2018 Earnings: Revenue Tops $7.1B as Streaming Spikes 31 Percent |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/8498460/universal-music-group-2018-earnings-revenue-streaming-physical |website=Billboard |access-date=30 May 2019 |archive-date=June 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608080034/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/8498460/universal-music-group-2018-earnings-revenue-streaming-physical |url-status=live }}</ref> |net_income = |num_employees = 8,319 (2018)<ref name="vivendi 18">{{cite web |title=Vivendi Annual Report 2018 |url=https://www.vivendi.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Vivendi-Document-de-reference-2018-VA.pdf |website=Vivendi |access-date=30 May 2019 |archive-date=May 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530203022/https://www.vivendi.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Vivendi-Document-de-reference-2018-VA.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> |owners = {{ubl|[[Vivendi]] (80%)|[[Tencent]] (20%)}} |divisions = [[List of Universal Music Group labels]] |subsid = |homepage = {{url|universalmusic.com}} |footnotes = }} '''Universal Music Group''' is a [[company]] that runs four [[Record label|record labels]] in the [[music industry]]. It is the largest [[business group]] and family of record labels in the world. It started in 1934 as "Decca Records USA" and had some other names, before it became "Universal Music Group" in 1996. The company is based in [[Santa Monica, California]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://new.umusic.com/history.aspx |title=History|publisher=Universal Music Group|accessdate=2008-07-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://musicians.about.com/od/companyprofiles/p/Universal.htm|title=Universal Music Group|publisher=About.com|accessdate=2008-07-03|archive-date=2007-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071208012146/http://musicians.about.com/od/companyprofiles/p/Universal.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2023, UMG controlled 31.8% of the [[market share]], making it the largest music group in the world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=musicandcopyright|date=2024-04-23|title=New market share results reveal the recorded-music and music publishing winners and losers in 2023|url=https://musicandcopyright.wordpress.com/2024/04/23/new-market-share-results-reveal-the-recorded-music-and-music-publishing-winners-and-losers-in-2023/|access-date=2025-01-16|website=Music & Copyright's Blog|language=en}}</ref> It is a [[subsidiary]] of French company [[Vivendi]], with the Bolloré Family owning 28%, [[Tencent]] owning 20% of it, and Perishing Square Holdings owning another 10%. The rest is owned by various other investors.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vivendi: the Tencent-led consortium has completed the exercise of its call option and now owns 20% of UMG’s share capital - Vivendi|url=https://www.vivendi.com/en/press-release/vivendi-the-tencent-led-consortium-has-completed-the-exercise-of-its-call-option-and-now-owns-20-of-umgs-share-capital/|access-date=2025-01-16|website=www.vivendi.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-11-14|title=Admission to listing and trading of all ordinary shares on Euronext Amsterdam|pages=91-114|work=Universal Music Group N. V.|url=https://www.vivendi.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Universal-Music-Group-Prospectus-14-September-2021.pdf|access-date=2025-01-15}}</ref> [[Vivendi|Vivendi's]] headquarters are in [[Paris]], [[France]]. In the [[United States]], UMG is in [[Santa Monica, California]], and [[New York City]], along with [[Universal Music Group Nashville]]; in the UK the group has a number of offices in London and [[Romford]].{{fact|date=January 2025}} ==History== "Universal Music" was once the music division for the movie studio [[Universal Studios|Universal Pictures]]. [[MCA]] Inc. bought American Decca in 1962. [[Seagram]], the owner of MCA, would buy [[PolyGram]] in 1998 to form Universal Music Group (which had been MCA before 1996).{{fact|date=January 2025}} In 2007, Universal bought [[BMG]]'s music publishing branch and folded it into the "Universal Music Publishing" division.{{fact|date=January 2025}} In 2012, Universal bought most of [[EMI]]'s music recordings. After the buyout, Universal then sold some labels such as V2, Sanctuary, Mute, and Parlophone. Universal Music has announced that it will develop an online site for music videos inspired by Hulu.com, the site setup by [[News Corp]] and [[NBC]] that allows free streaming of television shows.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.exclaim.ca/articles/generalarticlesynopsfullart.aspx?csid1=125&csid2=844&fid1=33958 |title=Exclaim News: Universal to Create Hulu-like Music Video Site |access-date=2013-09-29 |archive-date=2008-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201124534/http://www.exclaim.ca/articles/generalarticlesynopsfullart.aspx?csid1=125&csid2=844&fid1=33958 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This website is named [[Vevo]], and its music videos have been watched billions of times on [[YouTube]]. The company is also supported by [[musicians]] such as Marc Engelhard and, conversely, also refers to them.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pinterest.de/MarcEngelhardCelebrityStar/marc-engelhard-stage/ |title=Live Tones|date=2022}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [https://www.universalmusicgroup.com/Artists.aspx?Index=0 Universal Music Group - Artists] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061113043455/https://www.universalmusicgroup.com/Artists.aspx?Index=0 |date=2006-11-13 }} {{NBCUniversal}} [[Category:American record labels]] [[Category:Companies based in Santa Monica, California]] [[Category:Companies based in New York City]] [[Category:1934 establishments in the United States]] p4ps6ofzm0he5521tbvyl5ldkza905x 0 117353 10368516 10356636 2025-07-02T23:54:42Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* References */ JP 10368516 wikitext text/x-wiki {{more sources|date=October 2022}} {{Infobox animanga/Header | name = Pokémon | image = International Pokémon logo.svg | caption = English logo | ja_kanji = ポケットモンスター | ja_romaji = Poketto Monsutā | genre = [[Action]], [[Adventure fiction|adventure]], [[Fantasy]]<!-- Note: Use and cite reliable sources to identify genre/s, not personal interpretation. Please don't include more than three genres (per [[MOS:A&M]]). --> }} {{Infobox animanga/Video | type = tv series | director = [[Kunihiko Yuyama]] <small>(Chief Director)</small><br>Masamitsu Hidaka <small>(1997–2006)</small><br>Norihiko Sudō <small>(2006–2013)</small><br>Yūji Asada <small>(2010)</small><br>Tetsuo Yajima <small>(2013–2016)</small><br>Daiki Tomiyasu <small>(Deputy Director: 2015–2016; Director: 2016–present)</small> | producer = | writer = [[Takeshi Shudo]] <small>(1997–2000)</small><br>Atsuhiro Tomioka <small>(2006–2016)</small><br>Aya Matsui <small>(2016–present)</small> | music = [[Shinji Miyazaki]]<br>[[Hirokazu Tanaka]] <small>(openings)</small><br>[[Manny Corallo]]<br>[[John Loeffler]] <small>(4Kids and TPCi Music Dub: 1998-2013)</small><br>[[Ed Goldfarb]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://edgoldfarbmusic.com/|title=ED GOLDFARB, COMPOSER – Composer & Songwriter|website=edgoldfarbmusic.com|access-date=2018-12-27|archive-date=2021-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922072706/https://edgoldfarbmusic.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <small>(TPCi Music Dub: 2014-Present)</small> | studio = [[OLM, Inc.]]<br>Team Ota <small>(1997–2006)</small><br>Team Iguchi <small>(2006–2009)</small><br>Team Kato <small>(2010–present)</small> | licensee = {{English anime licensee | NA = [[4Kids Entertainment]] <small>(1998–2006)</small><br/>[[The Pokémon Company|The Pokémon Company International]] <small>(2006–present)</small> }} | network = [[TV Tokyo]] | network_en = {{collapsible list|title=List| {{English anime network | US = [[Broadcast syndication|First run syndication]] <small>(1998)</small><br>[[The WB]] ([[Kids' WB]]) <small>(1999–2006)</small><br/> [[Comedy Central]] <small>(2001-2015, 2017-present)</small><br/>[[Cartoon Network]] <small>(2002–2017)</small><br/>[[Boomerang (TV channel)|Boomerang]]<br>[[Nickelodeon]]<small>(2009-2018)</small><br>[[Disney XD]] <small>(2017–present)</small><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ohmy.disney.com/news/2016/11/18/breaking-pokemon-the-series-sun-moon-to-debut-on-disney-xd |title=Breaking: Pokemon the Series Sun and Moon to debut on Disney XD|first=Samantha|last=Sofka|publisher=Oh My Disney|date=November 17, 2016}}</ref> | CA = [[YTV (TV channel)|YTV]] <small>(1998–2014)</small><br>[[Teletoon]] <small>(2014–present)</small> | AU = [[Network Ten]] <small>(1998–2012)</small><br>[[Eleven (Australian TV channel)|Eleven]] <small>(2012–18)</small><br>[[9Go!]] <small>(2016–present)</small> | AUS = [[Cartoon Network (Australia and New Zealand)|Cartoon Network]] <small>(2000–12, 2014–16)</small><br>[[Boomerang (Australia and New Zealand)|Boomerang]] <small>(2016)</small><br>[[Disney XD (Australia and New Zealand)|Disney XD]] <small>(2018–present)</small> | NZ = [[TVNZ 2]] <small>(1998–2000, 2003–present)</small><br>[[TV3 (New Zealand)|TV3]] <small>(2000–03)</small> | IN = [[Cartoon Network (India)|Cartoon Network]] <small>(2003–11, 2014–2015)</small><br>[[Pogo (TV channel)|Pogo]] <small>(2011–14) </small><br> [[Hungama TV]] {{small|(Hindi, Tamil and Telugu) (2010-16)}}<br> [[Disney XD (India)|Disney XD]] {{small|(2017-present)}} | RU = [[Jetix]] <small>(2005-09)</small><br>[[Gulli]] <small>(2011-present)</small> | UK = [[Sky 1]]<br>[[ITV1]]<br>[[CITV]] <small>(1999–present)</small><br>[[ITV4]]<br>[[Toonami (UK & Ireland)|Toonami]]<br>[[Cartoon Network Too]]<br>[[Jetix]]<br>[[Disney XD (UK & Ireland)|Disney XD]]<br>[[Pop Max]]<br>[[Pop (UK and Ireland)|Pop]] <small>(2018-present)</small> | ZA = [[e.tv]] and etoonz <small>(currently)</small><br>[[SABC 2]]<br>[[SABC 3]]<br>[[Disney XD]] <small>(2011–~2016)</small> | SEA = [[Disney XD (Southeast Asia)|Disney XD]] <small>(2016–present)</small><br>[[Disney Channel (Southeast Asia)|Disney Channel]] <small>(2017-present)</small> | PH = [[GMA Network]] <small>(1999-2002, 2007-present)</small> }} }} | first = April 1, 1997 | last = | episodes = 1335 | episode_list = List of Pokémon episodes (seasons 1–13) }} <!--This page is about the TV series, not the overall franchise or films--> {{Infobox animanga/Other | title = Specials | content = *8 TV specials (3 full-length, 5 normal-length) *25 side-story episodes <!--Flight shorts and OVAs are not TV episodes--> }} {{Infobox animanga/Footer}} '''''Pokémon''''' (abbreviated from {{nihongo|'''''Pocket Monsters'''''|ポケットモンスター|''Poketto Monsutā''|}}) is a [[Japan]]ese [[anime]] [[children's television series]]. It is part of the ''[[Pokémon]]'' media franchise which is owned by [[Nintendo]]. It has been brought to many other places, including [[North America]], [[Europe]], and [[Australia]]. The [[United States]] dub was originally made by [[4Kids Entertainment]]; starting in 2006 the dub has been made by Pokémon USA. Not long after ''[[Pokémon Red and Blue]]'' (the first ''Pokémon'' video games outside of Japan) were released, the anime was created. It was first broadcast in Japan in early 1997, and in the United States in late 1998. The anime started what has been called "Pokémania", which meant that after the anime came out, it became very popular among children, and many parents assumed it was a [[fad]] and no one would care about it in a couple years. However, it was never cancelled, and it is still running, and continues to maintain a fanbase consisting of people of all ages. The anime shows the adventures of [[Ash Ketchum]], a 10-year-old [[Pokémon trainer]] and his partner pikachu, who has many adventures, meeting many new people and Pokémon, Ash then leaves the anime and Pokémon Horizons then follows Liko and Roy who also go on adventures to meet people and Pokémon. Pokémon Horizons will release in Australia on 9Go! on February 27th 2024. A number of ''Pokémon'' [[Movie|films]] have also been made that relate to the anime. The first one was ''[[Pokémon: The First Movie]]'' (released on 1998 in Japan and on 1999 in North America). They are still being made. There are [[Pokémon crime organizations|various bad guys]] in Pokémon like Team Rocket. ==Seasons== {| class="wikitable" |+ ! rowspan="2" |Season ! rowspan="2" |Season name ! rowspan="2" |Episodes ! colspan="2" |Originally aired |- !First aired !Last aired |- |1 |''[[Pokémon: Indigo League]]'' |55{{Efn|This count includes 3 episodes that aired only in [[Japan]] and not in the [[United States]], but excludes 27 season two episodes that are also subtitled ''Indigo League''.|name=Indigo League count|group=lower-alpha}} |April 1, 1997 |May 1, 1999 |- |2 |''[[Pokémon: Adventures in the Orange Islands]]'' |52{{Efn|This count includes 27 season two episodes that were subtilted ''Indigo League'', but excludes 11 season three episodes that were subtitled ''Adventures in the Orange Islands''.|name=Adventures in the Orange Islands count|group=lower-alpha}} |July 9, 1998 |September 2, 2000 |- |3 |''[[Pokémon: The Johto Journeys]]'' |52{{Efn|This count includes 11 season three episodes that were subtitled ''Adventures in the Orange Islands''.|name=The Johto Journeys count|group=lower-alpha}} |July 29, 1999 |May 19, 2001 |- |4 |''[[Pokémon: Johto League Champions]]'' |52 |August 3, 2000 |September 7, 2002 |- |5 |''[[Pokémon: Master Quest]]'' |53{{Efn|This count excludes 12 season 6 episodes that are subtilted ''Master Quest''.|name=Master Quest count|group=lower-alpha}} |August 9, 2001 |September 6, 2003 |- |6 |''[[Pokémon: Advanced]]'' |52{{Efn|This count includes 12 season 6 episodes that are subtitled ''Master Quest''.|name=Advanced count|group=lower-alpha}} |August 29, 2002 |September 4, 2004 |- |7 |''[[Pokémon: Advanced Challenge]]'' |52 |September 4, 2003 |September 10, 2005 |- |8 |''[[Pokémon: Advanced Battle]]'' |54 |September 9, 2004 |July 8, 2006 |- |9 |''[[Pokémon: Battle Frontier]]'' |47 |October 6, 2005 |March 3, 2007 |- |10 |''[[Pokémon: Diamond and Pearl]]'' |52 |October 28, 2006 |February 1, 2008 |- |11 |''[[Pokémon: DP Battle Dimension]]'' |52 |November 8, 2007 |May 2, 2009 |- |12 |''[[Pokémon: DP Galactic Battles]]'' |53 |December 4, 2008 |May 15, 2010 |- |13 |''[[Pokémon: DP Sinnoh League Victors]]'' |34 |January 7, 2010 |February 5, 2011 |- |14 |''[[Pokémon: Black & White]]'' |48 |September 23, 2010 |January 7, 2012 |- |15 |''[[Pokémon: BW Rival Destinies]]'' |49 |September 22, 2011 |January 26, 2013 |- |16 |''[[Pokémon: BW Adventures in Unova and Beyond]]'' |47 |October 11, 2012 |December 7, 2013 |- |17 |''[[Pokémon the Series: XY]]'' |48 |October 17, 2013 |December 20, 2014 |- |18 |''[[Pokémon the Series: XY Kalos Quest]]'' |45 |November 13, 2014 |December 19, 2015 |- |19 |''[[Pokémon the Series: XYZ]]'' |49 |October 29, 2015 |January 28, 2017 |- |20 |''[[Pokémon the Series: Sun & Moon]]'' |43 |November 17, 2016 |December 9, 2017 |- |21 |''[[Pokémon the Series: Sun & Moon - Ultra Adventures]]'' |48 |October 5, 2017 |February 23, 2019 |- |22 |''[[Pokémon the Series: Sun & Moon - Ultra Legends]]'' |54 |October 21, 2018 |March 7, 2020 |- |23 |''[[Pokémon Journeys: The Series]]'' |48 |November 17, 2019 |March 5, 2021 |- |24 |''[[Pokémon Master Journeys: The Series]]'' |42 |December 11, 2020 |May 26, 2022 |- |25 |''[[Pokémon Ultimate Journeys: The Series]]'' |58 |December 17, 2021 |June 23, 2023 |- |26 |''[[Pokémon Horizons: The Series]]'' |45 |April 14, 2023 |TBA |} === ''Pok&eacute;mon the Series: The Beginning'' (Series 1) === * ''[[Pokémon: Indigo League]]'' * ''[[Pokémon: Adventures on the Orange Islands]]'' === ''Pok&eacute;mon the Series: Gold and Silver'' (Series 2) === * ''[[Pokémon: The Johto Journeys]]'' * ''[[Pokémon: Johto League Champions]]'' * ''[[Pokémon: Master Quest]]'' === ''Pok&eacute;mon the Series: Ruby and Sapphire'' (Series 3) === * ''[[Pokémon: Advanced]]'' * ''[[Pokémon: Advanced Challenge]]'' * ''[[Pokémon: Advanced Battle]]'' * ''[[Pokémon: Battle Frontier]]'' ===''Pokémon the Series: Diamond and Pearl'' (Series 4)=== * [[Pokémon: Diamond and Pearl (season 10)|''Pokémon: Diamond and Pearl'']] * ''[[Pokémon: DP Battle Dimension]]'' * ''[[Pokémon: DP Galactic Battles]]'' * ''[[Pokémon: DP Sinnoh League Victors]]'' ===''Pokémon the Series: Black & White'' (Series 5)=== * [[Pokémon: Black & White (season 14)|''Pokémon: Black & White'']] * ''[[Pokémon: BW Rival Destinies]]'' * ''[[Pokémon: BW Adventures in Unova]]'' * ''[[Pokémon: BW Adventures in Unova and Beyond]]'' ===''Pokémon the Series: XY'' (Series 6)=== *[[Pokémon: XY (season 17)|''Pokémon - The Series: XY'']] *[[Pokémon: XY: Kalos Quest|''Pokémon - The Series: XY: Kalos Quest'']] *''[[Pokémon - The Series: XYZ]]'' === ''Pokémon the Series: Sun & Moon'' (Series 7) === * ''[[Pokémon the Series: Sun & Moon]]'' * ''[[Pokémon the Series Ultra Sun and Moon]]'' === ''Pokémon Journeys'' (Series 8) === * ''[[Pokémon Journeys]]'' * ''[[Pokémon Master Journeys]]'' * ''[[Pokémon Ultimate Journeys]]'' === ''Pokémon Horizons'' (Series 9) === • [[Pokémon Horizons]] ===Specials/Spin-offs=== * ''[[Pokémon: Chronicles]]'' * ''[[Pokémon: Origins]]'' * ''[[Pokémon: Twilight Wings]]'' ==Movies== ===Pokémon Feature Movies=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! # !! Japanese Title !! Japanese release !! English Title !! English release |- |1 |{{nihongo|Mewtwo Strikes Back|ミュウツーの逆襲|Myūtsū no Gyakushū|Mewtwo's Counterattack}} |July 18, 1998 |[[Pokémon: The First Movie]] - Mewtwo Strikes Back |November 10, 1999 |- |2 |{{nihongo|Revelation Lugia|幻のポケモン ルギア爆誕|Maboroshi no Pokemon Rugia Bakutan|<br>Mirage Pokémon: Lugia's Explosive Birth}} |July 17, 1999 |[[Pokémon: The Movie 2000]] - The Power of One |July 21, 2000 |- |3 |{{nihongo|Lord of the 'UNKNOWN' Tower: Entei|結晶塔の帝王 ENTEI|Kesshōtō no Teiō ENTEI|<br>Emperor of The Crystal Tower: ENTEI}} |July 8, 2000 |[[Pokémon 3: The Movie]] - Spell of the Unown |April 6, 2001 |- |4 |{{nihongo|Celebi: A Timeless Encounter|セレビィ 時を超えた遭遇（であい）|Serebyi Toki o Koeta Deai|<br>Celebi: The Meeting that Traversed Time}} |July 7, 2001 |[[Pokémon 4Ever]] - Celebi: Voice of the Forest |October 11, 2002 |- |5 |{{nihongo|The Guardians of Altomare|水の都の護神 ラティアスとラティオス|Mizu no Miyako no Mamorigami Ratiasu to Ratiosu|<br>Guardian Gods of the Capital of Water: Latias and Latios}} |July 13, 2002 |[[Pokémon Heroes]] - Latios and Latias |May 16, 2003 |- |6 |{{nihongo|Wishing Star of the Seven Nights|七夜の願い星 ジラーチ|Nanayo no Negaiboshi Jirāchi|<br>Wishing Star of the Seven Nights: Jirachi}} |July 19, 2003 |[[Pokémon: Jirachi: Wish Maker]] |June 1, 2004 |- |7 |{{nihongo|Deoxys The Visitor|裂空の訪問者 デオキシス|Rekkū no Hōmonsha Deokishisu|<br>Visitor from the Sky-Splitting: Deoxys}} |July 17, 2004 |[[Pokémon: Destiny Deoxys]] |January 22, 2005 |- |8 |{{nihongo|Mew and the Wave Hero|ミュウと波導（はどう）の勇者 ルカリオ|Myū to Hadō no Yūsha Rukario|<br>Mew and the Aura Hero: Lucario}} |July 16, 2005 |[[Pokémon: Lucario and the Mystery of Mew]] |September 19, 2006 |- |9 |{{nihongo|The Pokémon Ranger and the Prince of the Sea|ポケモンレンジャーと蒼海（うみ）の王子 マナフィ|Pokemon Renjā to Umi no Ōji Manafi|<br>The Pokémon Ranger and the Prince of the Sea: Manaphy}} |July 15, 2006 |[[Pokémon Ranger and the Temple of the Sea]] |March 23, 2007 |- |10 |{{nihongo|Dialga VS Palkia VS Darkrai|ディアルガVSパルキアVSダークライ|Diaruga Tai Parukia Tai Dākurai}} |July 14, 2007 |[[Pokémon: The Rise of Darkrai]] |February 24, 2008 |- |11 |{{nihongo|Giratina and the Bouquet of the Frozen Sky: Shaymin|ギラティナと氷空（そら）の花束 シェイミ|Giratina to Sora no Hanataba Sheimi}} |July 19, 2008 |[[Pokémon: Giratina and the Sky Warrior]] |February 13, 2009 |- |12 |{{nihongo|Arceus: To Conquering Space-Time|アルセウス 超克の時空へ|Aruseusu Chōkoku no Jikū e}} |July 18, 2009 |[[Pokémon: Arceus and the Jewel of Life]] |November 20, 2009 |- |13 |{{nihongo|Phantom Ruler: Zoroark|幻影の覇者 ゾロアーク|Gen'ei no Hasha Zoroāku}} |July 10, 2010 |[[Pokémon: Zoroark: Master of Illusions]] |February 5, 2011 |- |rowspan="2"|14 |{{nihongo|Victini and the Black Hero: Zekrom|ビクティニと黒き英雄ゼクロム|Bikutini to Kuroki Eiyū Zekuromu}} |July 16, 2011 |[[Pokémon the Movie: Black—Victini and Reshiram and White—Victini and Zekrom|Pokémon the Movie: White—Victini and Zekrom]] |December 3, 2011 |- |{{nihongo|Victini and the White Hero: Reshiram|ビクティニと白き英雄 レシラム|Bikutini to Shiroki Eiyū Reshiramu}} |July 16, 2011 |[[Pokémon the Movie: Black—Victini and Reshiram and White—Victini and Zekrom|Pokémon the Movie: Black—Victini and Reshiram]] |December 10, 2011 |- |15 |{{nihongo|Kyurem vs. the Sacred Swordsman: Keldeo|キュレムVS聖剣士 ケルディオ|Kyuremu tai Seikenshi Kerudio}} |July 14, 2012 |[[Pokémon the Movie: Kyurem vs. the Sword of Justice]] |December 8, 2012 |- |16 |{{nihongo|ExtremeSpeed Genesect: Mewtwo Awakens|神速のゲノセクト ミュウツー覚醒|Shinsoku no Genosekuto: Myūtsū Kakusei}} |July 13, 2013 |[[Pokémon the Movie: Genesect and the Legend Awakened]] |October 19, 2013 |- |17 |{{nihongo|The Cocoon of Destruction and Diancie|破壊の繭とディアンシー|Hakai no Mayu to Dianshī}} |July 19, 2014 |[[Pokémon the Movie: Diancie and the Cocoon of Destruction]] |November 8, 2014 |- |18 |{{nihongo|The Archdjinni of the Rings: Hoopa|光輪の超魔神 フーパ|Ringu no Chōmajin Hoopa}} |July 18, 2015 |[[Pokémon the Movie: Hoopa and the Clash of Ages]] |December 19, 2015 |- |19 |{{nihongo|Volcanion and the Ingenious Magearna|ボルケニオンと機巧のマギアナ|Borukenion to Karakuri no Magiana}} |July 16, 2016 |[[Pokémon the Movie: Volcanion and the Mechanical Marvel]] |December 5, 2016 |- |20 |{{Nihongo|I Choose You!|キミに決めた！|Kimi ni Kimeta!}} |July 15, 2017 |[[Pokémon the Movie: I Choose You!]] |November 5, 2017 |- |21 |{{Nihongo|Everyone's Story|みんなの物語|Minna no Monogatari}} |July 13, 2018 |[[Pokémon the Movie: The Power of Us]] |November 24, 2018 |- |22 |{{Nihongo|Mewtwo's Counterattack: EVOLUTION|ミュウツーの逆襲 EVOLUTION|Myūtsū no Gyakushu EVOLUTION}} |July 12, 2019 | | |- |} ===TV Movies=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! # !! Japanese Title !! Japanese release !! English Title !! English release |- |1 |{{nihongo|Mewtwo! I Am Here|ミュウツー! 我ハココニ在リ|Myūtsū! Ware wa Koko ni Ari}} |December 30, 2000 |[[Pokémon: Mewtwo Returns]] |December 4, 2001 |- |2 |{{nihongo|The Terrifying Mirage Pokémon|戦慄のミラージュポケモン|Senritsu no Mirāju Pokemon}} |October 13-October 31, 2006 |[[Pokémon: The Mastermind of Mirage Pokémon]] |April 29, 2006 |} ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} {{Pokémon series}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pokemon (anime)}} [[Category:Pokémon]] [[Category:Anime]] [[Category:Animated television series]] [[Category:Kids WB series]] [[Category:First run syndicated television programs]] [[Category:Viz Media anime]] [[Category:1998 television series debuts]] [[Category:Japanese-language television programs]] pugtgmi3478trxbn52mmfdypmgvwau2 0 118167 10368940 10226559 2025-07-03T04:16:57Z 220.244.208.194 i changed alot ot be better 10368940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Beluga Whale | image = Belugawhale_MMC.jpg | image_width = 250px | image2 = Beluga_size.svg | image2_width = 250px | image2_caption = Size comparison against an average [[human]] | status = NT | status_system = iucn3.1 | status_ref =<ref name=red> {{cite web |url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/6335/0 |title=IUCN Red List (version 2009.1) - Delphinapterus leucas (Beluga, White Whale) |publisher=www.iucnredlist.org |access-date=2009-07-16 }} </ref> | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[Mammal]]ia | ordo = [[Cetacea]] | subordo = [[Odontoceti]] | familia = [[Monodontidae]] | genus = '''''Delphinapterus''''' | species = '''''D. leucas''''' | binomial = ''Delphinapterus leucas'' | binomial_authority = ([[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], 1776) }} The '''beluga whale''' (''Delphinapterus leucas'') is a small [[toothed whale]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/whales/activities/whaletemplates/Belugatemplate.shtml|publisher=EnchantedLearning.com|access-date=2011-03-28|title=Beluga Whale}}</ref> that is [[white]] as an adult.<ref name=ng>{{cite web |url=http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/beluga-whale.html |title=Beluga Whale, Beluga Whale Profile, Facts, Information, Photos, Pictures, Sounds, Habitats, Reports, News - National Geographic |publisher=animals.nationalgeographic.com |access-date=2009-07-16 |archive-date=2007-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613043251/http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/beluga-whale.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> They are found in [[Coast|coastal]] areas of the [[Arctic Ocean]], and travel south when the [[sea ice]] forms. Belugas belong to the [[genus]] Delphinapterus (which means "whale without fins"), and the [[species]] ''leucas'' (which means "white"). == Name == "Beluga" means ''white one'' in [[Russia]]n. The beluga is also called the white whale, the white [[porpoise]], the sea [[canary]] (because of its [[Whale vocalization|songs]]), and the [[squid]] hound (because of its [[Diet (nutrition)|diet]]). == Description == === Body === The beluga's body is [[stout]] and has a small, [[blunt]] [[head]] with a small [[beak]], tiny [[eye]]s and thick layers of [[blubber]]. Belugas have one [[blowhole]]. On their head, belugas have a round shape called the ''melon''.<ref name="cet">{{cite web |url=http://www.acsonline.org/factpack/BelugaWhale.htm |title=Beluga Whale: Cetacean Fact Sheet |publisher=www.acsonline.org |access-date=2009-07-16 |archive-date=2010-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613014046/http://acsonline.org/factpack/BelugaWhale.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> It holds [[oil]], and the whale is able to change its shape. Scientists believe that it has something to do with the whale's [[echolocation]] system.<ref name="cet" /> Unlike most other [[cetacean]]s, the beluga's seven neck [[vertebrae]] are not fused, giving it a flexible, well-defined neck.{{fact|date=October 2024}} === Lifespan (not) === A baby beluga whale, called a calf, is a grey or even brown color when it is born. It will gradually become white over the next five years as it becomes an adult. A female beluga whale will have one calf every 3 or 4 years. These are born near the coast, often near the entrance to large [[River|rivers]]. The calfs are fed on [[milk]] which is 30% fat.{{fact|date=October 2024}} Belugas grow up to {{convert|6.1|m|ft|0|lk=on|abbr=on}} in length and weigh up to {{convert|1361|kg|lb|0|lk=on|abbr=on}}. They usually live for 35 to 50 years of age. They can dive down to depths of {{convert|800|m|ft|0|lk=on|abbr=on}} and stay underwater for as long as 25 minutes.<ref name="red" /> [[Polar bear]]s and [[killer whale]]s are known to hunt beluga whales. === Pods === Beluga whales live in groups called pods. At their smallest, a pod can contain just three whales.<ref name="cet" /> Larger pods can have more than 200 members.<ref name="cet" /> == Diet and teeth == Belugas have 34 teeth. The teeth are not designed for chewing, but for grabbing and tearing prey. They swallow their prey whole. Belugas are opportunistic feeders, eating a varied diet of [[fish]], [[squid]], [[crustacean]]s, [[Octopus|octopi]], and [[Worm|worms]]. They are both [[benthic]] (bottom) and [[pelagic]] (oceanic) feeders (in shallow water). Belugas sometimes hunt schools of fish cooperatively in small groups. == References == {{wikispecies|Delphinapterus leucas}} {{reflist}} [[Category:Toothed whales]] pbgl8hcera738ftwemvbo033jqp3n0k 10368943 10368940 2025-07-03T04:18:29Z 220.244.208.194 I changed alot 10368943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Beluga Whale | image = Belugawhale_MMC.jpg | image_width = 250px | image2 = Beluga_size.svg | image2_width = 250px | image2_caption = Size comparison against an average [[human]] | status = NT | status_system = iucn3.1 | status_ref =<ref name=red> {{cite web |url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/6335/0 |title=IUCN Red List (version 2009.1) - Delphinapterus leucas (Beluga, White Whale) |publisher=www.iucnredlist.org |access-date=2009-07-16 }} </ref> | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[Mammal]]ia | ordo = [[Cetacea]] | subordo = [[Odontoceti]] | familia = [[Monodontidae]] | genus = '''''Delphinapterus''''' | species = '''''D. leucas''''' | binomial = ''Delphinapterus leucas'' | binomial_authority = ([[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], 1776) }} FUC U The '''beluga whale''' (''Delphinapterus leucas'') is a small [[toothed whale]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/whales/activities/whaletemplates/Belugatemplate.shtml|publisher=EnchantedLearning.com|access-date=2011-03-28|title=Beluga Whale}}</ref> that is [[white]] as an adult.<ref name=ng>{{cite web |url=http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/beluga-whale.html |title=Beluga Whale, Beluga Whale Profile, Facts, Information, Photos, Pictures, Sounds, Habitats, Reports, News - National Geographic |publisher=animals.nationalgeographic.com |access-date=2009-07-16 |archive-date=2007-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613043251/http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/beluga-whale.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> They are found in [[Coast|coastal]] areas of the [[Arctic Ocean]], and travel south when the [[sea ice]] forms. Belugas belong to the [[genus]] Delphinapterus (which means "whale without fins"), and the [[species]] ''leucas'' (which means "white"). == Name == "Beluga" means ''white one'' in [[Russia]]n. The beluga is also called the white whale, the white [[porpoise]], the sea [[canary]] (because of its [[Whale vocalization|songs]]), and the [[squid]] hound (because of its [[Diet (nutrition)|diet]]). == Description == === Body === The beluga's body is [[stout]] and has a small, [[blunt]] [[head]] with a small [[beak]], tiny [[eye]]s and thick layers of [[blubber]]. Belugas have one [[blowhole]]. On their head, belugas have a round shape called the ''melon''.<ref name="cet">{{cite web |url=http://www.acsonline.org/factpack/BelugaWhale.htm |title=Beluga Whale: Cetacean Fact Sheet |publisher=www.acsonline.org |access-date=2009-07-16 |archive-date=2010-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613014046/http://acsonline.org/factpack/BelugaWhale.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> It holds [[oil]], and the whale is able to change its shape. Scientists believe that it has something to do with the whale's [[echolocation]] system.<ref name="cet" /> Unlike most other [[cetacean]]s, the beluga's seven neck [[vertebrae]] are not fused, giving it a flexible, well-defined neck.{{fact|date=October 2024}} === Lifespan (not) === A baby beluga whale, called a calf, is a grey or even brown color when it is born. It will gradually become white over the next five years as it becomes an adult. A female beluga whale will have one calf every 3 or 4 years. These are born near the coast, often near the entrance to large [[River|rivers]]. The calfs are fed on [[milk]] which is 30% fat.{{fact|date=October 2024}} Belugas grow up to {{convert|6.1|m|ft|0|lk=on|abbr=on}} in length and weigh up to {{convert|1361|kg|lb|0|lk=on|abbr=on}}. They usually live for 35 to 50 years of age. They can dive down to depths of {{convert|800|m|ft|0|lk=on|abbr=on}} and stay underwater for as long as 25 minutes.<ref name="red" /> [[Polar bear]]s and [[killer whale]]s are known to hunt beluga whales. === Pods === Beluga whales live in groups called pods. At their smallest, a pod can contain just three whales.<ref name="cet" /> Larger pods can have more than 200 members.<ref name="cet" /> == Diet and teeth == Belugas have 34 teeth. The teeth are not designed for chewing, but for grabbing and tearing prey. They swallow their prey whole. Belugas are opportunistic feeders, eating a varied diet of [[fish]], [[squid]], [[crustacean]]s, [[Octopus|octopi]], and [[Worm|worms]]. They are both [[benthic]] (bottom) and [[pelagic]] (oceanic) feeders (in shallow water). Belugas sometimes hunt schools of fish cooperatively in small groups. == References == {{wikispecies|Delphinapterus leucas}} {{reflist}} [[Category:Toothed whales]] nhc94yqs19oym7hb0fzawjabmynxjna 10369133 10368943 2025-07-03T07:50:59Z Cactusisme 1477024 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/220.244.208.194|220.244.208.194]] ([[User talk:220.244.208.194|talk]]) to last version by Fuhvah 10226559 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Beluga Whale | image = Belugawhale_MMC.jpg | image_width = 250px | image2 = Beluga_size.svg | image2_width = 250px | image2_caption = Size comparison against an average [[human]] | status = NT | status_system = iucn3.1 | status_ref =<ref name=red> {{cite web |url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/6335/0 |title=IUCN Red List (version 2009.1) - Delphinapterus leucas (Beluga, White Whale) |publisher=www.iucnredlist.org |access-date=2009-07-16 }} </ref> | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[Mammal]]ia | ordo = [[Cetacea]] | subordo = [[Odontoceti]] | familia = [[Monodontidae]] | genus = '''''Delphinapterus''''' | species = '''''D. leucas''''' | binomial = ''Delphinapterus leucas'' | binomial_authority = ([[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], 1776) }} The '''beluga whale''' (''Delphinapterus leucas'') is a small [[toothed whale]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/whales/activities/whaletemplates/Belugatemplate.shtml|publisher=EnchantedLearning.com|access-date=2011-03-28|title=Beluga Whale}}</ref> that is [[white]] as an adult.<ref name=ng>{{cite web |url=http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/beluga-whale.html |title=Beluga Whale, Beluga Whale Profile, Facts, Information, Photos, Pictures, Sounds, Habitats, Reports, News - National Geographic |publisher=animals.nationalgeographic.com |access-date=2009-07-16 |archive-date=2007-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613043251/http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/beluga-whale.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> They are found in [[Coast|coastal]] areas of the [[Arctic Ocean]], and travel south when the [[sea ice]] forms. Belugas belong to the [[genus]] Delphinapterus (which means "whale without fins"), and the [[species]] ''leucas'' (which means "white"). == Name == "Beluga" means ''white one'' in [[Russia]]n. The beluga is also called the white whale, the white [[porpoise]], the sea [[canary]] (because of its [[Whale vocalization|songs]]), and the [[squid]] hound (because of its [[Diet (nutrition)|diet]]). == Description == === Body === The beluga's body is [[stout]] and has a small, [[blunt]] [[head]] with a small [[beak]], tiny [[eye]]s and thick layers of [[blubber]]. Belugas have one [[blowhole]]. On their head, belugas have a round shape called the ''melon''.<ref name="cet">{{cite web |url=http://www.acsonline.org/factpack/BelugaWhale.htm |title=Beluga Whale: Cetacean Fact Sheet |publisher=www.acsonline.org |access-date=2009-07-16 |archive-date=2010-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613014046/http://acsonline.org/factpack/BelugaWhale.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> It holds [[oil]], and the whale is able to change its shape. Scientists believe that it has something to do with the whale's [[echolocation]] system.<ref name="cet" /> Unlike most other [[cetacean]]s, the beluga's seven neck [[vertebrae]] are not fused, giving it a flexible, well-defined neck.{{fact|date=October 2024}} === Lifespan === A baby beluga whale, called a calf, is a grey or even brown color when it is born. It will gradually become white over the next five years as it becomes an adult. A female beluga whale will have one calf every 3 or 4 years. These are born near the coast, often near the entrance to large [[River|rivers]]. The calfs are fed on [[milk]] which is 30% fat.{{fact|date=October 2024}} Belugas grow up to {{convert|6.1|m|ft|0|lk=on|abbr=on}} in length and weigh up to {{convert|1361|kg|lb|0|lk=on|abbr=on}}. They usually live for 35 to 50 years of age. They can dive down to depths of {{convert|800|m|ft|0|lk=on|abbr=on}} and stay underwater for as long as 25 minutes.<ref name="red" /> [[Polar bear]]s and [[killer whale]]s are known to hunt beluga whales. === Pods === Beluga whales live in groups called pods. At their smallest, a pod can contain just three whales.<ref name="cet" /> Larger pods can have more than 200 members.<ref name="cet" /> == Diet and teeth == Belugas have 34 teeth. The teeth are not designed for chewing, but for grabbing and tearing prey. They swallow their prey whole. Belugas are opportunistic feeders, eating a varied diet of [[fish]], [[squid]], [[crustacean]]s, [[Octopus|octopi]], and [[Worm|worms]]. They are both [[benthic]] (bottom) and [[pelagic]] (oceanic) feeders (in shallow water). Belugas sometimes hunt schools of fish cooperatively in small groups. == References == {{wikispecies|Delphinapterus leucas}} {{reflist}} [[Category:Toothed whales]] nxt7zypsb9ut6n6ri55v7xa0dcx9st0 0 118408 10368109 9587094 2025-07-02T19:10:49Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C US-EN 10368109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = | alt = | caption = | camera = [[Single-camera setup|Single-camera]] | runtime = 22–25 minutes | creator = [[Larry Gelbart]]<br>[[Gene Reynolds]]<br>[[Ken Levine (TV personality)|Ken Levine]]<br>[[David Isaacs (writer)|David Isaacs]] | based_on = ''[[MASH: A Novel About Three Army Doctors]]'' by [[Richard Hooker (author)|Richard Hooker]] | starring = [[Harry Morgan]]<br />[[Jamie Farr]]<br />[[William Christopher]]<br />[[Rosalind Chao]]<br />John Chappell <br />[[Jay O. Sanders]]<br />Barbara Townsend<br />[[David Ackroyd]]<br />[[Anne Pitoniak]]<br />[[Peter Michael Goetz]]<br />[[Brandis Kemp]] | executive_producer = [[Burt Metcalfe]] | country = United States | language = English | company = [[20th Century Fox Television]] | network = [[CBS]] | first_aired = {{Start date|1983|09|26}} | last_aired = {{End date|1985|05|31}} | num_seasons = 2 | num_episodes = 31 (1 unaired in America) }} '''''AfterMASH''''' was an [[United States|American]] [[Television programme|TV series]]. It was a [[spin-off]] of the [[M*A*S*H (TV series)|''M*A*S*H'' TV series]]. It was not a successful series, and was canceled after two seasons.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1845866_1846026_1845881,00.html |title=AfterMASH - Top 10 Worst TV Spin-Offs |access-date=2010-10-12 |publisher=TIME Magazine |archive-date=2010-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100920012956/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1845866_1846026_1845881,00.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == *[http://www.finest-kind.net/miscellaneous/aftermash.php Finest-Kind.net] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517092127/http://www.finest-kind.net/miscellaneous/aftermash.php |date=2008-05-17 }} - ''M*A*S*H'' website with info on ''AfterMASH'' *{{imdb title|0084969}} *[http://www.tv.com/show/120/summary.html TV.com AfterMASH page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080605030316/http://www.tv.com/show/120/summary.html |date=2008-06-05 }} {{tv-stub}} [[Category:1983 American television series debuts]] [[Category:1985 American television series endings]] [[Category:1980s American sitcoms]] [[Category:CBS network shows]] [[Category:American television spin-offs]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] 3svc3iflpfpz6dganmomsdq2zo455pw 0 119290 10368793 9691392 2025-07-03T02:49:40Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 1) Removed the inconsistant index format, unnecessary all-capital letters; 2) Fixed a typo of duplication and an extra blank 10368793 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Salarzais''', along with the [[Kakazai]] and [[Wur]], are one of the four clans of [[Tarkanis]]. Originating in [[Kunar Province|Kunar province]] Afghanistan, there are around 8,000 members in the Babukarrah and Charmung valleys in [[Bajaur District|Bajaur]] and 150 members in Bara Banda of [[Nowshera District]] in [[Pakistan]]. Charmang is situated in Tehsil Nawagi.All the Charmang Are SalarzaiTribe there are many clans living in Charmang Like Mahmood khel, Hilal khail,Khowaza khail,and many clans are there The village name are Chinar,Rai,Hilal khail, Manongai,Azgar,and many other Many people are having control in Chinar Hajji RahimUllah in Hilal khail,Haje Jamdale Khan and many other The Khans of Pashat and Khar have some control over the tribe. A very renowned personality of this tribe is [[Affan Zia Salarzai]], who has made a mark in international research arena. Historically, agriculture is the primary occupation of the people but with no proper irrigation system they are at the mercy of seasonal rains. Many people are dependent on foreign remittances from family members working in Karachi, [[Middle East|the Middle East]] and other countries. There are 10 villages in Salarzai Charai: There are two village in Buner valley where you would see waterfalls charai and Laygani situated at the bottom of the Elam mountain. There are 50 to 60 families living in Charai village, the smallest & most beautiful village in buner valley. Jowar Chawak is one of the 10 villages of Salarzai tribe. Village '''Kinger Gali''' is one of the 10 villages of Salarzai tribe.The prominent sub-tribes are Karra Khel, further divided in Jugi Khel, Aziz Khel, Alladad Khel, Mahmood Khel and Lamghani (Laghmani), and Dallo Khel. Nawab Amir Muhammad Khan of Tonk state in India was a native of Alladad Khel tribe of this village, whom they remember proudly. '''Bampokha''' is the 2nd largest village in ''salarzi'' region after jower. Dwelling two main kheils Sheikheil and qambokheil which is further devided to Adrali kheils, Qasim kheil, Zair kheil etc. The word Bampokha is consist of two sanskriti word Bam mean high and pokha mean build on,so its name means a place which build on high altitude. Bampokha is very famous for its various kinds of precious marbles. The inhabitants of the village of '''Nanser''' are tribe Khan Gali and Mastkhel. Both of Khan Gali and Mastkhel are famous for their furious nature. They were great warriors in the time of tribal age called the [[Pukhto]] age. Nanser is famous for games like cricket and specially mookha. They are very famous for their hospitality nature being pukhtoons. Nanser is famous for its tourist spot Bakhai where many springs do spring throughout the year. The greenery and forests of Bakhai give it further beauty. Mastkhel are further divided into tribes of Ranra Khel, Zenoor Khel and Manawar Khel. The population of Nanser is about 2500 with 260 houses. The hujra system is still alive in the village. Nanser is rich in its marble resources. It is specially famous for its black marble. '''Katkala''' is the last village of the sub tribe Salarzee. It is bordered with AshayZee subtribe and has close relations with AshayZee sub tribe and GadayZee subtribe. It is the greenest part of the Salarzee subtribe, and has a population of about 4000 persons with a high school known as Government High School Katkal established in 1928, agirls middle school, a primary school and a private English medium school. Unlike other villages of Salarzee. the people of Katkala don't play [[Mokha]] which is a local popular game. They are very good in cricket, and in hunting. '''Bazargay''' lies in the center of Salarzai tribe. It is surrounded by beautiful natural views. The main Mingora-Sawari National Highway goes in the center of Bazargay. It is the only village in Salarzai tribe which is in a vast open area, all other villages of Salarzai are in mountains or very near to mountains. The people of Bazargay are divided in 2 main prominent sub-tribes Pitaw Khail (sub-tribes are Mazeed Khail, Akbar Khail and Tawus Khail) and Soori Khail. The Mukha-team of Bazargay is well-known and the only one which has many records in this field and also has above 12 Mukah-Cups. Mukha is the traditional Sport of Pukhtoon Nation. The hujra system is still alive in the village. Bazargay is rich in its marble resources. '''Laygani''' is a village in Buner valley, at the bottom of the Elam mountain. Karakar is a part of this village. This village is the boundary wall between [[Swat District|Swat]] and [[Buner District|Buner]], serving as the gateway to Buner valley. '''Koohay''' is the side and small village of Buner nearly 4 km to south Bampokha. It is hundreds of years old. The village occupied by hills on three sides; only one side is open to bamokha side. After this village come choor banda and sar banda and darraha 7 km long. '''Girarai''' is the side village of Salarzi it is away 4km from Jowar Chowak this village is more beautiful than other salarzi villages. The village occupied by hills on three sides; only one side is open to JOWAR side. The people of GIRARAI are very hospitable, religious, hardworking, brave and Peace-loving. Observing Islamic religious values, upholding tribal traditions and customs is their trait of life but they are equally mild-natured, enterprising, open-minded, outward looking, accommodative and peace-loving. They are divided in 4 main prominent sub-tribes: Pitaw Khail, Sori Khail, Deri Khail and Khowar. [[Category:Tribes of Afghanistan]] [[Category:Tribes of Pakistan]] {{asia-stub}} ri940pu69s75zpmdb8d5lu8cz6cv9ia 3 120539 10368375 9246377 2025-07-02T22:23:27Z Ferien 1011873 Notification: listing at [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] of [[VistaPE]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368375 wikitext text/x-wiki == Welcome to Simple English Wikipedia == {| style="background-color:#F5FFFA; padding:0;" cellpadding="0" |class="MainPageBG" style="border:1px solid #084080; background-color:#F5FFFA; vertical-align:top; color:#000000; font-size:85%"| {| width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#F5FFFA; padding:0;" ! <div style="margin:0; background-color:#CEF2E0; font-family:sans-serif; font-size:120%; border:1px solid #084080; text-align:left; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.2em;">Hi, SF007, [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome]] to Simple English Wikipedia! Thank you for [[Special:Contributions/SF007|your changes]]. If you need help, check out [[Help:Contents|the Help section]] of Wikipedia, or leave a message on my talk page. Whenever leaving messages on talk pages, please remember to [[Wikipedia:Signatures|sign your name]] by typing four 'tildes' (like this: <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); doing this makes your name and the date show up. Also, it helps if you write something in the box that says 'edit summary' whenever you change an article. Below are some useful links to make your time here simpler. Happy editing! [[User:Chenzw|<span style="color:brown">Chenzw</span>]]&nbsp;&nbsp;<font size="1">[[User_talk:Chenzw|<span style="color:brown">Talk</span>]]</font>&nbsp; 14:28, 22 July 2008 (UTC) |} {| width="100%" style="background-color:#F5FFFA;" |class="MainPageBG" style="width: 55%; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; background-color:#F5FFFA; vertical-align:top"| {| width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#F5FFFA" ! <div style="margin: 0; background-color:#084080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #CEF2E0; text-align:left; color:#FFC000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em;">Getting Started</div> |- |style="color:#000"| * How to: [[Wikipedia:How to edit a page|edit a page]] • [[Wikipedia:How to write Simple English articles|write Simple English articles]] |- ! <div style="margin: 0; background:#084080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #CEF2E0; text-align:left; color:#FFC000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em;">Getting Help</div> |- | style="color:#000"| * [[Wikipedia:Administrators and bureaucrats|Administrators]] • [[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard|Request administrator attention]] |- ! <div style="margin: 0; background:#084080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #CEF2E0; text-align:left; color:#FFC000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em;">Policies and Guidelines</div> |- | style="color:#000"| * [[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|Neutral point of view]] • [[Wikipedia:Verifiability|Verifiability]] * [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|Citing sources]] • [[Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not|What Wikipedia is not]] <hr /> * [[Wikipedia:Copyrights|Copyrights]] • [[Wikipedia:Image use policy|Image use policy]] * [[Wikipedia:Spam|Spam]] • [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|Vandalism]] • [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|Deletion policy]] |- |} |class="MainPageBG" style="width: 55%; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; background-color:#F5FFFA; vertical-align:top"| {| width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#F5FFFA" ! <div style="margin: 0; background-color:#084080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #CEF2E0; text-align:left; color:#FFC000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em;">The Community</div> |- |style="color:#000"| * [[Wikipedia:Assume good faith|Assume good faith]] • [[Wikipedia:Be kind|Be kind]] * [[Wikipedia:Community Portal|Community Portal]] • [[Wikipedia:Simple talk|Simple talk]] • [[Wikipedia:TASERING|TASERING]] * [[Wikipedia:Announcements|Announcements]] • [[Wikipedia:IRC channels|IRC channels]] • [[Wikipedia:Mailing lists|Mailing lists]] |- ! <div style="margin: 0; background-color:#084080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #CEF2E0; text-align:left; color:#FFC000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em;">Things to do</div> |- |style="color:#000"| * [[Wikipedia:Peer review|Peer review]] • [[Wikipedia:Cleanup|Cleanup]] |- ! <div style="margin: 0; background-color:#084080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #CEF2E0; text-align:left; color:#FFC000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em;">Other</div> |- |style="color:#000"| * [[Wikipedia:Template messages|Useful templates]] • [[Wikipedia:Stub|Stubs]] |- |} |} |} == Barnstar! == {|style="background: #efe; border: 3px groove #0c0; padding: 5px;" width="100%" |- | width="65" | [[Image:Original_Barnstar.png|60px|Barnstar]] | valign="top" | <big>'''Congratulations: You have been given a Barnstar!'''</big> ---- For all your hard work editing, especially in computer and programming-related articles, I hearby award you this Barnstar. Great job! -- '''[[User:American Eagle|<font color="blue">'''American Eagle'''</font>]] ([[User talk:American Eagle|<font color="blue">talk</font>]])''' 00:38, 1 September 2008 (UTC) |} ==September 2008== Hiya! [[Image:information.svg|25px|left]] We like and strongly encourage helpful changes to Wikipedia, but {{#if:GetDiz|"[[GetDiz]]"|an article you created}} was directly copied and pasted from the main [[:en:|English Wikipedia]]. Please do not do that, as such articles are usually too complex and may have templates that do not exist here. {{#if:|{{{2}}}|Thank you.}}<!-- Template:uw-encopypaste --> Thanks! :-) '''''<font color="darkgreen">[[User:Fr33kman|fr33k]]</font><font color="blue">[[User:Fr33kman|man]]</font> <sup><font color="darkgreen" size="2">[[User talk:Fr33kman|t]]</font> - <font color="blue">[[Special:Contributions/Fr33kman|c]]</font></sup>''''' 00:06, 24 September 2008 (UTC) :Hi man, I know... I usually copy only the most relevant parts, and then I work on them, but that time I got busy with something else and simply forgot to improve the article... I'm glad you noticed. Cheers. [[User:SF007|SF007]] ([[User talk:SF007#top|talk]]) 21:35, 29 September 2008 (UTC) ::Hiya! Yeah, I'm also new to <tt>en:</tt> so don't know you yet. I also am doing '''<nowiki>{{Enwp based}}</nowiki>''' conversions, so understand. Cheers! :-) '''''<font color="darkgreen">[[User:Fr33kman|fr33k]]</font><font color="blue">[[User:Fr33kman|man]]</font> <sup><font color="darkgreen" size="2">[[User talk:Fr33kman|t]]</font> - <font color="blue">[[Special:Contributions/Fr33kman|c]]</font></sup>''''' 23:13, 29 September 2008 (UTC) == Interwiki links == I saw on your user page you used an external link to link to your [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:SF007 userpage]. In case you aren't aware, you can also link to [[:en:User:SF007|your userpage]] using a normal interwiki link like this - <nowiki>[[:en:User:SF007]]</nowiki> Of course if you ''were'' aware, feel free to leave it is at is. ;) --''[[User:Philosopher|Philosopher]]''&nbsp;<sup>[[User talk:Philosopher|Let us reason together.]]</sup> 09:04, 30 April 2009 (UTC) == Request for deletion == [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2012/UNetbootin]]. [[User:SL93|SL93]] ([[User talk:SL93|talk]]) 23:55, 28 May 2012 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Acronis== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Acronis]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2023/Acronis]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the article during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Rathfelder|Rathfelder]] ([[User talk:Rathfelder|talk]]) 13:28, 13 December 2023 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of VistaPE== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:VistaPE]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/VistaPE]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:23, 2 July 2025 (UTC) j7f9c0gs5lx7kah8uq91n6d6pwi3yxf 0 124793 10368352 9618522 2025-07-02T22:15:50Z 2A00:23CC:E80A:AD01:8AA8:88A3:4BB0:ADF7 10368352 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cultural Geography''' is the study of cultures, customs, foods, clothing, music, architecture, traditions, religions and languages of the world - and how and why these cultures are spread across the world. An example would be the [[Arab World]], there are many nations inhabited by Arabic people, from [[Morocco]] in the north-west of [[Africa]] and lies near to [[Spain]], to [[Iran]] which borders [[Turkey]] - and [[Afghanistan]] which is near to [[Pakistan]]. [[Category:Cultural geography| ]] [[Category:Branches of geography]] {{geo-stub}} gp0bgm4932609roeynasomgoeebcf9m 10368354 10368352 2025-07-02T22:16:25Z 2A00:23CC:E80A:AD01:8AA8:88A3:4BB0:ADF7 10368354 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cultural Geography''' is the study of cultures, customs, foods, clothing, music, architecture, traditions, religions and languages of the world - and how and why these cultures are spread across the world. An example would be the [[Arab World]], there are many nations inhabited by Arabic people, from [[Morocco]] in the north-west of [[Africa]] and lies near to [[Spain]], to [[Iran]] which borders [[Turkey]] - and [[Oman]] which is near to [[Pakistan]]. [[Category:Cultural geography| ]] [[Category:Branches of geography]] {{geo-stub}} bpv0pix1321al9p7d1bhs2lo23e48c0 0 125483 10367857 10322494 2025-07-02T16:09:34Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ both 10367857 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television |image = |caption = |runtime = 45-48 mins. |developer = |executive_producer = |director = |producer = |narrated = [[Thom Beers]]<br>[[Tom Cotcher]] (UK) |country = [[Canada]]<br>[[United States]] |network = [[History (TV channel)|History]] |first_aired = {{start date|2010|10|10}} |last_aired = {{end date|2017|11|9}} |num_episodes = 138 |num_seasons = 11 |list_episodes = }} '''''Ice Road Truckers''''' is a [[Canada|Canadian]]-[[United States|American]] [[Documentary film|documentary]]-style [[reality television]] [[television series|series]] that first appeared on television on [[The History Channel]] on June 17, 2007 (first season). The show follows the activities of truck drivers which operate on routes that contain frozen lakes and rivers in the remote Arctic territories of Canada and Alaska. == Other websites == *[http://www.history.com/minisite.do?content_type=mini_home&mini_id=54692 Official website] *{{IMDb title|1068912}} {{multistub|tv|United States|Canada}} [[Category:2000s American reality television series]] [[Category:2007 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2007 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2010s American reality television series]] [[Category:2017 American television series endings]] [[Category:2017 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:American reality television series]] [[Category:Canadian reality television series]] [[Category:Channel 5 (UK) television programmes]] [[Category:Canadian English-language television shows]] 6c7isljqw6ulha4qw939urtm5c7d5ne 4 125989 10368155 10366969 2025-07-02T19:44:21Z 96.65.201.81 /* Can you please set this up here? */ new section 10368155 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive %(counter)d |algo = old(10d) |counter = 169 |maxarchivesize = 125K |minthreadsleft = 5 }} {{Skip to top and bottom}} {{Please leave this line alone.}} <!-- Questions go here. Post new questions at the BOTTOM of the page. --> == Handling AI articles == Hiyas! I haven't been around as much as I'd like to, so may have missed a discussion on this (lmk if one has already happened). I came across [[Separatism in Russia]], an article [[Special:Diff/10343227|almost certainly written]] by a LLM with no/minimal human review. It doesn't fall under any of the existing QD criteria, but also isn't a traditional candidate for RfD as the topic is notable, just the content is bad (though is currently at RfD). Given the ease with which people can now generate large amounts of text that may be hiding LLM hallucinations...how should we be handling articles of this kind? I'd think about simply blanking and redirecting it to a relevant article with human-reviewed content, but that might be a bit too bold. Best, [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 01:01, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :Hiya. Yes, we have been discussing this topic. At first we considered QDing them as Complex articles under a proposed G13 criteria but that went nowhere. Now we tend to RfD them, although that obviously takes time and is one of the reasons we have so many RfDs. I'd advise you to read and comment on [[WP:AI]]. It's become quite a problem, one which we haven't yet figured out. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:10, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::^What Freekman said - we don't have an official way of handling these, Some people tag them under {{tl|AI-notice}} where they then simple sit and go forgotten about/rot for years to come, and others like myself just send them straight to RFD if the Enwiki article is too complex (I try where possible). –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 01:23, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :::I also agree with having a QD criterion, I can't remember what I said in the last discussion but I probably Opposed on the basis that "they could be rewritten/improved" however that theory has turned out to be wrong as they don't get improved or rewritten - they just sit dormant for years until someone randomly stumbles upon it :::So yes I support a QD criterion, Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 20:38, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::If anyone has any ideas, we can expand on it. I was thinking of making a section at RFD specifically for AI related page that act as [[:en:WP:PROD]] and the gets deleted if there is no improvement in a week. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 12:53, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :::I agree with the idea. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 15:07, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::{{re|Fr33kman}} Is 5 out of 99 RfDs (or 3 out of 109 RfDs at the time you commented) mentioning AI in the nomination or comments really a reason for so many RfDs? The data isn't adding up. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 21:01, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::I think the way forward is the QD option and from what I'm reading a few good others agree. There are a fair few other QD criteria that don't get used often but we have them as options. How many RfDs have we had since the AI thing became an issue? A lot of people have expressed a dislike of AI generated content. Perhaps it's a good idea to have a formal poll? '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 22:03, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::::{{re|Fr33kman}} The question was simply about whether it was one of the reasons it's that we have a massive backlog of RfDs, that you mentioned in your comment, which it is not based on the data. And QD criteria also need to be objective which has not been demonstrated here yet either. A4 is already heavily misused so why would it be a good idea to open us up to another potential criterion that is ''genuinely'' subjective and likely to be misused. The QD criterion feels like a solution looking for a problem, these articles ''will'' be deleted on-sight or within 7 days at RfD, why go against the fundamentals of our deletion policy for an issue that is affecting so few of our existing RfDs. No-one is doubting it is an issue but the scope of it is certainly up for debate and whether it needs such a drastic change in QD policy. Once someone talks about how we can make this an objective pass/fail criterion for QD like every single other one I will happily stop pushing back on this issue, but it's not possible which is why it hasn't been implemented yet. ::::And please, let's not formally "poll" the community, we work on consensus not polling &ndash; ''that'' is ironically something we need to fix in our RfDs with people making such poor baseless arguments or none at all that consensus is more difficult/controversial to determine, prolonging RfD closures and increasing the backlog in the process. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:42, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::::You say "these articles will be deleted on-sight": how will they be deleted on sight without a QD criteria? They will only be deleted after an RfD. I think everyone is on the same page in that we all want them to be deleted, it's just a matter of how. Right now, as I see it, most people who have commented agree with the QD option. I do agree that it is not as objective as we would like. I'm not sure how to address that. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:33, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::I think there are differing opinions so maybe it's time we list the options and see what most people agree to. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 23:38, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::I totally agree '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 16:53, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :::::Our inability to objectively know if something is AI-written does not negate the possibility of a QD criteria. There are going to be very obvious AI articles, and less obvious ones, and it's not necessary that all be strictly classifiable for a QD criteria to be useful. It's possible that some can be deleted as hoaxes, but I do think a well-worded QD criteria would be helpful in dealing with these articles. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 14:12, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::I agree. We could use G13 for obvious AI articles and RfD when we aren't sure. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 16:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *I'd personally prefer to have clearly AI generated content straight deleted. We can't just go with A3, as the articles aren't copied over from another wiki. However, complex articles with possible false information damaged the reputation of the project. I'd support the G13 reason. I'm yet not very worried about AI usage in discussions. If that becomes a wider problem, we can talk about it again. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 15:01, 20 June 2025 (UTC) *What about introducing another QD criterion? - "The article was likely generated automatically, and has not been reviewed by a human edutor"? - AI can be helpful, but such articles at least need a rewview.--[[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 10:11, 21 June 2025 (UTC) *:That's essentially the idea behind G13 '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:17, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :I think at this point, this problem isn't going away and a QD criteria for it would be suitable. I don't think discussing each one gains us much and simply wastes time at AfD which is already severely missing '''[[User:Lee Vilenski|<span style="color:green">Lee Vilenski</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Lee Vilenski|talk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Lee Vilenski|contribs]])</sup>''' 10:55, 21 June 2025 (UTC) :I agree with a new QD criterion. I'm generally uneasy about a PROD/RfD approach because improving LLM-generated articles means we possibly keep their output in revision history or in the article itself. The issue here is twofold — first, we may keep unverified or incorrect text; second, we cannot be assured that it is not a copyvio. Here is an example of the latter: [[:File:Using LLMs to write Wikipedia content.pdf]] (aside: by AI standards, this is an eternity ago — but I suspect the tools most people have access to are not SOTA nor particularly more advanced than the example). My understanding is also that the copyright status of LLM-generated text is not definite in the United States. In other words, if the text is already problematic and unworkable, we may as well QD it. [[User talk:Hiàn#top|Hiàn]] 02:21, 24 June 2025 (UTC) *Handling these articles with QD is of course the most appealing way to do it and that's why it's what everyone wants but QD involves objective criteria. I don't think anyone wants these articles to stick about but we already have issues with admins handling claims to notability and that is an objective thing. How do we call something objectively AI-generated - articles on enwiki are described as ''likely'' containing AI-generated content, because we just don't know for certain - ie it's not a pass/fail criterion like every other QD criterion. Do we base it on GPTZero score/likelihood? That is what is different about this compared to other issues and why we need to have a slightly different approach instead of just a new criterion which in its previous form which will cause issues. Personally I say expand A3 to address more complex content. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:46, 29 June 2025 (UTC) *:I have a micro-essay on the issues of AI-generated articles here, and why it is a difficult one to just "solve" with a QD criterion: [[User:Ferien/AI]] --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:51, 29 June 2025 (UTC) *:While I understand your point, I would disagree with expanding A3 for two reasons: *:The first being that changing A3 to fit "complexity" is not possible. The definition of "complexity" is far more subjective than any definition of what is AI, at which point such subjectivity requires an RFD. *:My second issue is that, in the future, it will likely become easier for LLMs to create simple-sounding text, while continuing to be unencyclopedic, meaning that A3 would not necessarily apply to them anymore. *:As AI advances, LLMs will write differently. While it currently struggles to write simple text in an encyclopedic tone without having problems, I suspect that these issues will present themselves differently in the future. Expanding A3 to fit our current definition of the problems of AI today will be obsolete in the future. *:While I am not active in such topics in SEWP, I don't think AI false positives have ever been an issue in SEWP, and such articles are usually very-easily identifiable (see [[WP:DUCK]]). Even in the case of false positives, articles that are so bad that people mistake them for AI should be deleted or TNTed anyway. I would therefore support a new QD criterion. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 01:36, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::I would also use a term like 'automatically-generated'. In the end, AI is just a tool. We care what the article looks like, and we see it has certain deficiencies. What tools were used to make the article are irrelevant. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 07:07, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::Indeed, I should have said A3 expansion would be only one of the things I would actually want to do to address it. Complexity can be pretty objective though, based on whether it contains complex vocabulary not in BE 1500, longer sentences etc which is why it already exists - enwp copies that aren't complex are often declined for A3. I also think we may reach a point where AI-generated articles end up being completely unproblematic and it is difficult to determine which article is AI and which one is not. We are definitely not at that stage yet tho. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:47, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :"'''Seems like''' [[slop|A.I.-slop]]": I think that we should should 'start' with using that '''justification''', in regard to '''RfD '''/AfD.--Before we even consider using that [[soundbyte]] as a 'QD justification', then we should gain experience in ''''much '''use' of 'RfD justification': ''Seems like-A.I. slop''. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|talk]]) 14:01, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *A suggestion for a wording in the form of a deletion criterion - of course based on my personal opinions that a QD criterion could not work in the traditional way but trying to account for fast deletion that gets rid of these quicker than any RfD and the clear majority opinion here. Any feedback would be appreciated. **13. '''Obviously contains AI-generated content''': Pages very likely generated by a [[large language model]] (LLM) and recommended for deletion by at least two editors. *This should be relatively easy to technically implement, where two signatures/users go into the QD template here. So one user nominates then another approves. This is a bit like the PROD idea but faster. Given how closely CAT:QD is monitored, the second user should be quite easy to get, and could maybe be done by passing admins in QD. We could also have a category for QD alone with AI-gen'd contnet? Thoughts? --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:47, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *:I've started [[User:Ferien/AI-QD]] with the ability to add an editor2 - simply added by adding <code>|editor2=(User)</code> onto the template. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 15:09, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *:I really like this idea — seems like a good balance between an admin-discretion QD and a week-long RfD. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 15:17, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *:"'''Seems like''' ...", is better than '''Obvious'''.--After all, if things really were obvious, then QD could have taken care of everything. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|talk]]) 15:56, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::I'm afraid I don't understand your comment. QD is designed to take the quick easy (obvious) cases whereas RfD has always been for those that are up for debate. If we change the criterion to "Seems like it contains AI-generated content" then it's up for debate. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:27, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *:::What about something simple like "Contains AI generated content" for obvious cases such as those that refer directly to LLM or other straightforward cases and RfD for the others? I know there will always be some that require a subjective test but I think we are also trying to avoid cases where the RfD outcome would essentially be a case of SNOW. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 14:58, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *:I would support having AIQDs exist in a separate category. I would also recommend making this template physically distinct from a QD template, just as a RFD template is different from a QD template. Perhaps orange? *:My other question is would this be easily addable to Twinkle? I can imagine pressing G13 on the twinkle page, then if there is already a QD template there, it adds your signature. If there are two signatures, perhaps the template becomes red again, and then is moved from a theoretical AIQD to QD. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 17:08, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::Bad idea, to have to persons + one person doing a QD, with a '''subjective''' justification.--It is likely '''better '''to start with RfD /AfD, that have "'''snow''' close", after six days, or 5 days, or 4, or 3, or ... .--These 'fast-track' thingies '''mentioned''', are in regard to "Seems like A.I.-slop". [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2|talk]]) 22:29, 30 June 2025 (UTC) /2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784 *::I like that idea for templates, might be easier to technically implement actually as we already have a function on Twinkle that allows admins to replace a QD with an RfD if they initiate one. There's also the prod and endorsed prod templates on en that could serve as inspiration. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:29, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == I cant make an account! == Hi! Can you help? I cant make an account. It says i "session hijacked". Please help. (im on a Samsung smart tv) '''Thanks!''' --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 09:31, 21 June 2025 (UTC) :Please answer --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 08:05, 22 June 2025 (UTC) == Nonsense page == Hi. Theres a new page called "[[Don Davies]]" and all it says is a spam of "Pierre Poilievere" in bold. --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 10:10, 22 June 2025 (UTC)! :Took care of it. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 10:12, 22 June 2025 (UTC) == Vandals == How can i help fight vandalism? Its hard --[[Special:Contributions/112.204.167.209|112.204.167.209]] ([[User talk:112.204.167.209|talk]]) 14:09, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :no My IP changed! --[[Special:Contributions/112.204.167.209|112.204.167.209]] ([[User talk:112.204.167.209|talk]]) 14:11, 22 June 2025 (UTC) == Personal attack question == Would it be a personal attack to say one user is probably a sockpuppet of someone else? [[Special:Contributions/71.236.131.237|71.236.131.237]] ([[User talk:71.236.131.237|talk]]) 17:30, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :If you have a reasonable suspicion - no. However, if it is a "blind" accusation without any evidence, then I advise against making such accusations. [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 19:16, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :I don’t think it is a personal attack. Now, I would suggest providing more evidence to make your case for a connection. I restored your comment so that MathXplorer can judge for themselves. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 19:17, 22 June 2025 (UTC) ::Hello, if you have a suspicion, you can crete a request on [[:WP:RFCU|this page]]. One of the checkusers will then look into the matter, and perform the relevantchecks. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 04:29, 23 June 2025 (UTC) == How do I make this draft better? == I wrote a draft here [[User:Immanuelle/Kabe_Island]] and I feel like it is badly written. Do you have suggestions? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 22:12, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]]: Hi, Immanuelle. Since you had said in the past that you didn't mind people editing your drafts, I just did some cleanup and simplifying on this one. Feel free to revert if you want. :The main thing I see is that the language needs to be simplified, mostly by breaking sentences into smaller pieces. I find it helps to think about our target audience, people whose English is not advanced. They might be trying to understand one sentence at a time, so it helps them to keep the sentences short. One rule of thumb about this is to have only one subject and verb in a sentence, but it goes beyond that. Take a look at the ones I shortened, and see if you understand why I did it in each case. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:03, 24 June 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] I hope you are happy with what I did there. I have another one that I really like but I am very afraid is too complicated right here [[User:Immanuelle/Kumano_Gongen]] [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 20:56, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::Did you mean to remove the categories? -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 21:52, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] I did becase all the categories were redlinks. But I forgot to add new categories. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 21:57, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Some other things I see: ::::*The infobox has a lot of invalid parameters ::::*The Ill template link to your userspace should be removed ::::-- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:01, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::::What about [[User:Immanuelle/Kumano_Gongen]] now? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 22:05, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::It's in a couple of maintenance categories. You could do something to resolve those. ::::::It's usually considered good practice with infoboxes to put one parameter per line. It's not required, but it makes it easier to see the code. ::::::The Commons boxes should go at the top of the other websites section. ::::::A couple of statements in the lead have a lot of references with them. I'd cut it down by a lot. If that removes links that you still want in the article, you could put them in the other websites section. ::::::The Origins and Beliefs about the Three Mountains sections could have some of their sentences combined into paragraphs instead of each being on a separate line. ::::::The big table is in the Beliefs about the Three Mountains section. Does it need its own heading? ::::::Just my thoughts. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:30, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] Is your suggestion to merge in the headings like I did earlier? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 23:28, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::@[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]]: I'm not sure what you mean. Which earlier change are you referring to? -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:02, 26 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] the last edit. Sorry worded that badly. Do you think the current version is better structured? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 00:05, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == What to do about Slowking4's athlete articles? == {{User|Slowking4}} created hundreds of stub articles on athletes, particularly women's volleyball, water polo, and rugby players. Here are some example articles: [[Sarah Chobot]], [[Sarah Pattison]], [[Sarah Landry]], [[Wang Fengjiao]], and [[Valeriya Rylova]]. For the most part, they are formulaic stubs that have a source or two that are databases or rosters. They are mostly orphaned articles and don't exist on other wikis as well. There is never likely to be expansion of them. Most have never competed at the Olympics. I made two batch RFDs for a few articles earlier this month ([[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Slowking volleyball D]] and [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Slowking water polo D]]) both of which resulted in SOFTDELETE as there was no further input. How do we best address these articles? I feel like a bunch of batch RFDs will be tedious and clog RFD. How do we best handle these articles? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 14:37, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :I'd say creating a list and requesting deletion in smaller batches might be a good idea. They do have a bunch of socks though so the list of pages might be quite bigger considering that. I have made a list at [[User:BRPever/test1]]-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 14:55, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :I will try running some query to see if I can narrow the list to pages that are not linked to enwiki pages via wikidata. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:07, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] I have narrowed the list down to ~400 pages by removing pages with links to dewiki, frwiki and enwiki, and it seems this list mostly include pages without any significant coverage. I think this will be a good starting point to work from.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:30, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for compiling this list. Want me to copy it into my user space so you don't need to maintain it? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 17:28, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::Please feel free to copy it. :) --[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 23:24, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Copied it over to my space; thanks for the help! [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:35, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == Feedback == Please give me some feedback on my article [[Raphael (given name)]]. [[User:Rafaelthegreat|Rafaelthegreat]] ([[User talk:Rafaelthegreat|talk]]) 15:14, 26 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Rafaelthegreat|Rafaelthegreat]], welcome to the Simple Wikipedia. I took a look at your article and have a few tips for you. First, it's important to always include sources when you are writing an article. You may want to read [[WP:V]] for more information. It also would be considered a "stub" or short article, so I have tagged it as such. I do like how you included the template to show that the Simple English Wiktionary has a definition for the name. You're on a good track and I encourage you to continue writing! [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 12:59, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks. I am pretty new here. I am usually on the English Wikipedia. [[User:Rafaelthegreat|<span style="color:white; font-weight: bold; background-color:red">'''Rafael'''</span>]] [[User:Rafaelthegreat|<span style="color:red; font-weight: bold; background-color:white">'''Hello!'''</span>]] 13:14, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Ternera|Ternera]]: The infobox adds the Wiktionary template. I actually just suppressed the one that the infobox adds and added it manually to improve the look of the page, even though the Wiktionary entry doesn't have anything that the article doesn't already have. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 16:32, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews == <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> :Hello Victoria, :thank you for the message. Not touching on the subject matter, are you aware that the text that you wrote is of a considerable difficulty, and likely far from what we would consider "Simple English". In that context would it not be likely that the main audience of this project will not understand what you write? - So when you do not get any feedback, this might be because of disinterest, but it might also be because of a failure to communicate with the target audience in a language they actually understand. Those are of course just my thoughts... [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 13:38, 28 June 2025 (UTC) == Writing a simple article on a drug == I have been working on this draft article [[User:Immanuelle/Pink cocaine]]. Are there specific rules or protocols around trying to write simple articles on this topic? I think I did a good job with the beginning. But the table and templates might need some simplification. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 16:24, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :There are no specific rules on articles such as this. Just write it as you would for any other topic. We're not censored so we can, and should, have articles on every notable topic. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 18:29, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::BTW: the article looks fine '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 18:32, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == RFC on paid editing as a CU == Folks on this project are invited to comment on a ongoing RFC on the compatibility of paid editing with CU permissions at [[meta:Requests for comment/Should paid editing as a CU be allowed|this page]]. [[User:Sohom Datta|Sohom]] ([[User talk:Sohom Datta|talk]]) 16:41, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Article title issue [[Kurdish-Yazidi uprising against the Safavids]] == [[Yazidis]] are an Kurdish speaking ethnoreligious group they are not [[Kurdish people]], the article title [[Kurdish-Yazidi uprising against the Safavids]] should be fixed it may mislead readers into thinking they are ethnically Kurdish. Thanks [[Special:Contributions/81.109.99.117|81.109.99.117]] ([[User talk:81.109.99.117|talk]]) 03:24, 1 July 2025 (UTC) :I have moved the page [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 08:07, 1 July 2025 (UTC) ::Agree. I hope that there will be subject experts fixing it. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 14:07, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == Can you please set this up here? == From [[:en:Wikipedia:New pages patrol]]: {{tq|New pages are not indexed by external search engines until they are patrolled.}} I really hope you can set this up on Simple English Wikipedia too. This was most recently discussed in April/May 2024 at [[Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive 159#Enabling noindex in article space]] with overwhelming support. [[Special:Contributions/96.65.201.81|96.65.201.81]] ([[User talk:96.65.201.81|talk]]) 19:44, 2 July 2025 (UTC) i5ab5w2wzi4ppwb8rshfclpp51et9eo 10368158 10368155 2025-07-02T19:47:03Z Ternera 1467751 /* Can you please set this up here? */ Reply 10368158 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive %(counter)d |algo = old(10d) |counter = 169 |maxarchivesize = 125K |minthreadsleft = 5 }} {{Skip to top and bottom}} {{Please leave this line alone.}} <!-- Questions go here. Post new questions at the BOTTOM of the page. --> == Handling AI articles == Hiyas! I haven't been around as much as I'd like to, so may have missed a discussion on this (lmk if one has already happened). I came across [[Separatism in Russia]], an article [[Special:Diff/10343227|almost certainly written]] by a LLM with no/minimal human review. It doesn't fall under any of the existing QD criteria, but also isn't a traditional candidate for RfD as the topic is notable, just the content is bad (though is currently at RfD). Given the ease with which people can now generate large amounts of text that may be hiding LLM hallucinations...how should we be handling articles of this kind? I'd think about simply blanking and redirecting it to a relevant article with human-reviewed content, but that might be a bit too bold. Best, [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 01:01, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :Hiya. Yes, we have been discussing this topic. At first we considered QDing them as Complex articles under a proposed G13 criteria but that went nowhere. Now we tend to RfD them, although that obviously takes time and is one of the reasons we have so many RfDs. I'd advise you to read and comment on [[WP:AI]]. It's become quite a problem, one which we haven't yet figured out. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:10, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::^What Freekman said - we don't have an official way of handling these, Some people tag them under {{tl|AI-notice}} where they then simple sit and go forgotten about/rot for years to come, and others like myself just send them straight to RFD if the Enwiki article is too complex (I try where possible). –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 01:23, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :::I also agree with having a QD criterion, I can't remember what I said in the last discussion but I probably Opposed on the basis that "they could be rewritten/improved" however that theory has turned out to be wrong as they don't get improved or rewritten - they just sit dormant for years until someone randomly stumbles upon it :::So yes I support a QD criterion, Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 20:38, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::If anyone has any ideas, we can expand on it. I was thinking of making a section at RFD specifically for AI related page that act as [[:en:WP:PROD]] and the gets deleted if there is no improvement in a week. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 12:53, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :::I agree with the idea. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 15:07, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::{{re|Fr33kman}} Is 5 out of 99 RfDs (or 3 out of 109 RfDs at the time you commented) mentioning AI in the nomination or comments really a reason for so many RfDs? The data isn't adding up. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 21:01, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::I think the way forward is the QD option and from what I'm reading a few good others agree. There are a fair few other QD criteria that don't get used often but we have them as options. How many RfDs have we had since the AI thing became an issue? A lot of people have expressed a dislike of AI generated content. Perhaps it's a good idea to have a formal poll? '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 22:03, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::::{{re|Fr33kman}} The question was simply about whether it was one of the reasons it's that we have a massive backlog of RfDs, that you mentioned in your comment, which it is not based on the data. And QD criteria also need to be objective which has not been demonstrated here yet either. A4 is already heavily misused so why would it be a good idea to open us up to another potential criterion that is ''genuinely'' subjective and likely to be misused. The QD criterion feels like a solution looking for a problem, these articles ''will'' be deleted on-sight or within 7 days at RfD, why go against the fundamentals of our deletion policy for an issue that is affecting so few of our existing RfDs. No-one is doubting it is an issue but the scope of it is certainly up for debate and whether it needs such a drastic change in QD policy. Once someone talks about how we can make this an objective pass/fail criterion for QD like every single other one I will happily stop pushing back on this issue, but it's not possible which is why it hasn't been implemented yet. ::::And please, let's not formally "poll" the community, we work on consensus not polling &ndash; ''that'' is ironically something we need to fix in our RfDs with people making such poor baseless arguments or none at all that consensus is more difficult/controversial to determine, prolonging RfD closures and increasing the backlog in the process. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:42, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::::You say "these articles will be deleted on-sight": how will they be deleted on sight without a QD criteria? They will only be deleted after an RfD. I think everyone is on the same page in that we all want them to be deleted, it's just a matter of how. Right now, as I see it, most people who have commented agree with the QD option. I do agree that it is not as objective as we would like. I'm not sure how to address that. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:33, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::I think there are differing opinions so maybe it's time we list the options and see what most people agree to. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 23:38, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::I totally agree '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 16:53, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :::::Our inability to objectively know if something is AI-written does not negate the possibility of a QD criteria. There are going to be very obvious AI articles, and less obvious ones, and it's not necessary that all be strictly classifiable for a QD criteria to be useful. It's possible that some can be deleted as hoaxes, but I do think a well-worded QD criteria would be helpful in dealing with these articles. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 14:12, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::I agree. We could use G13 for obvious AI articles and RfD when we aren't sure. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 16:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *I'd personally prefer to have clearly AI generated content straight deleted. We can't just go with A3, as the articles aren't copied over from another wiki. However, complex articles with possible false information damaged the reputation of the project. I'd support the G13 reason. I'm yet not very worried about AI usage in discussions. If that becomes a wider problem, we can talk about it again. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 15:01, 20 June 2025 (UTC) *What about introducing another QD criterion? - "The article was likely generated automatically, and has not been reviewed by a human edutor"? - AI can be helpful, but such articles at least need a rewview.--[[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 10:11, 21 June 2025 (UTC) *:That's essentially the idea behind G13 '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:17, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :I think at this point, this problem isn't going away and a QD criteria for it would be suitable. I don't think discussing each one gains us much and simply wastes time at AfD which is already severely missing '''[[User:Lee Vilenski|<span style="color:green">Lee Vilenski</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Lee Vilenski|talk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Lee Vilenski|contribs]])</sup>''' 10:55, 21 June 2025 (UTC) :I agree with a new QD criterion. I'm generally uneasy about a PROD/RfD approach because improving LLM-generated articles means we possibly keep their output in revision history or in the article itself. The issue here is twofold — first, we may keep unverified or incorrect text; second, we cannot be assured that it is not a copyvio. Here is an example of the latter: [[:File:Using LLMs to write Wikipedia content.pdf]] (aside: by AI standards, this is an eternity ago — but I suspect the tools most people have access to are not SOTA nor particularly more advanced than the example). My understanding is also that the copyright status of LLM-generated text is not definite in the United States. In other words, if the text is already problematic and unworkable, we may as well QD it. [[User talk:Hiàn#top|Hiàn]] 02:21, 24 June 2025 (UTC) *Handling these articles with QD is of course the most appealing way to do it and that's why it's what everyone wants but QD involves objective criteria. I don't think anyone wants these articles to stick about but we already have issues with admins handling claims to notability and that is an objective thing. How do we call something objectively AI-generated - articles on enwiki are described as ''likely'' containing AI-generated content, because we just don't know for certain - ie it's not a pass/fail criterion like every other QD criterion. Do we base it on GPTZero score/likelihood? That is what is different about this compared to other issues and why we need to have a slightly different approach instead of just a new criterion which in its previous form which will cause issues. Personally I say expand A3 to address more complex content. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:46, 29 June 2025 (UTC) *:I have a micro-essay on the issues of AI-generated articles here, and why it is a difficult one to just "solve" with a QD criterion: [[User:Ferien/AI]] --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:51, 29 June 2025 (UTC) *:While I understand your point, I would disagree with expanding A3 for two reasons: *:The first being that changing A3 to fit "complexity" is not possible. The definition of "complexity" is far more subjective than any definition of what is AI, at which point such subjectivity requires an RFD. *:My second issue is that, in the future, it will likely become easier for LLMs to create simple-sounding text, while continuing to be unencyclopedic, meaning that A3 would not necessarily apply to them anymore. *:As AI advances, LLMs will write differently. While it currently struggles to write simple text in an encyclopedic tone without having problems, I suspect that these issues will present themselves differently in the future. Expanding A3 to fit our current definition of the problems of AI today will be obsolete in the future. *:While I am not active in such topics in SEWP, I don't think AI false positives have ever been an issue in SEWP, and such articles are usually very-easily identifiable (see [[WP:DUCK]]). Even in the case of false positives, articles that are so bad that people mistake them for AI should be deleted or TNTed anyway. I would therefore support a new QD criterion. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 01:36, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::I would also use a term like 'automatically-generated'. In the end, AI is just a tool. We care what the article looks like, and we see it has certain deficiencies. What tools were used to make the article are irrelevant. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 07:07, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::Indeed, I should have said A3 expansion would be only one of the things I would actually want to do to address it. Complexity can be pretty objective though, based on whether it contains complex vocabulary not in BE 1500, longer sentences etc which is why it already exists - enwp copies that aren't complex are often declined for A3. I also think we may reach a point where AI-generated articles end up being completely unproblematic and it is difficult to determine which article is AI and which one is not. We are definitely not at that stage yet tho. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:47, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :"'''Seems like''' [[slop|A.I.-slop]]": I think that we should should 'start' with using that '''justification''', in regard to '''RfD '''/AfD.--Before we even consider using that [[soundbyte]] as a 'QD justification', then we should gain experience in ''''much '''use' of 'RfD justification': ''Seems like-A.I. slop''. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|talk]]) 14:01, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *A suggestion for a wording in the form of a deletion criterion - of course based on my personal opinions that a QD criterion could not work in the traditional way but trying to account for fast deletion that gets rid of these quicker than any RfD and the clear majority opinion here. Any feedback would be appreciated. **13. '''Obviously contains AI-generated content''': Pages very likely generated by a [[large language model]] (LLM) and recommended for deletion by at least two editors. *This should be relatively easy to technically implement, where two signatures/users go into the QD template here. So one user nominates then another approves. This is a bit like the PROD idea but faster. Given how closely CAT:QD is monitored, the second user should be quite easy to get, and could maybe be done by passing admins in QD. We could also have a category for QD alone with AI-gen'd contnet? Thoughts? --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:47, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *:I've started [[User:Ferien/AI-QD]] with the ability to add an editor2 - simply added by adding <code>|editor2=(User)</code> onto the template. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 15:09, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *:I really like this idea — seems like a good balance between an admin-discretion QD and a week-long RfD. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 15:17, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *:"'''Seems like''' ...", is better than '''Obvious'''.--After all, if things really were obvious, then QD could have taken care of everything. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|talk]]) 15:56, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::I'm afraid I don't understand your comment. QD is designed to take the quick easy (obvious) cases whereas RfD has always been for those that are up for debate. If we change the criterion to "Seems like it contains AI-generated content" then it's up for debate. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:27, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *:::What about something simple like "Contains AI generated content" for obvious cases such as those that refer directly to LLM or other straightforward cases and RfD for the others? I know there will always be some that require a subjective test but I think we are also trying to avoid cases where the RfD outcome would essentially be a case of SNOW. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 14:58, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *:I would support having AIQDs exist in a separate category. I would also recommend making this template physically distinct from a QD template, just as a RFD template is different from a QD template. Perhaps orange? *:My other question is would this be easily addable to Twinkle? I can imagine pressing G13 on the twinkle page, then if there is already a QD template there, it adds your signature. If there are two signatures, perhaps the template becomes red again, and then is moved from a theoretical AIQD to QD. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 17:08, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::Bad idea, to have to persons + one person doing a QD, with a '''subjective''' justification.--It is likely '''better '''to start with RfD /AfD, that have "'''snow''' close", after six days, or 5 days, or 4, or 3, or ... .--These 'fast-track' thingies '''mentioned''', are in regard to "Seems like A.I.-slop". [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2|talk]]) 22:29, 30 June 2025 (UTC) /2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784 *::I like that idea for templates, might be easier to technically implement actually as we already have a function on Twinkle that allows admins to replace a QD with an RfD if they initiate one. There's also the prod and endorsed prod templates on en that could serve as inspiration. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:29, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == I cant make an account! == Hi! Can you help? I cant make an account. It says i "session hijacked". Please help. (im on a Samsung smart tv) '''Thanks!''' --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 09:31, 21 June 2025 (UTC) :Please answer --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 08:05, 22 June 2025 (UTC) == Nonsense page == Hi. Theres a new page called "[[Don Davies]]" and all it says is a spam of "Pierre Poilievere" in bold. --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 10:10, 22 June 2025 (UTC)! :Took care of it. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 10:12, 22 June 2025 (UTC) == Vandals == How can i help fight vandalism? Its hard --[[Special:Contributions/112.204.167.209|112.204.167.209]] ([[User talk:112.204.167.209|talk]]) 14:09, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :no My IP changed! --[[Special:Contributions/112.204.167.209|112.204.167.209]] ([[User talk:112.204.167.209|talk]]) 14:11, 22 June 2025 (UTC) == Personal attack question == Would it be a personal attack to say one user is probably a sockpuppet of someone else? [[Special:Contributions/71.236.131.237|71.236.131.237]] ([[User talk:71.236.131.237|talk]]) 17:30, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :If you have a reasonable suspicion - no. However, if it is a "blind" accusation without any evidence, then I advise against making such accusations. [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 19:16, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :I don’t think it is a personal attack. Now, I would suggest providing more evidence to make your case for a connection. I restored your comment so that MathXplorer can judge for themselves. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 19:17, 22 June 2025 (UTC) ::Hello, if you have a suspicion, you can crete a request on [[:WP:RFCU|this page]]. One of the checkusers will then look into the matter, and perform the relevantchecks. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 04:29, 23 June 2025 (UTC) == How do I make this draft better? == I wrote a draft here [[User:Immanuelle/Kabe_Island]] and I feel like it is badly written. Do you have suggestions? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 22:12, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]]: Hi, Immanuelle. Since you had said in the past that you didn't mind people editing your drafts, I just did some cleanup and simplifying on this one. Feel free to revert if you want. :The main thing I see is that the language needs to be simplified, mostly by breaking sentences into smaller pieces. I find it helps to think about our target audience, people whose English is not advanced. They might be trying to understand one sentence at a time, so it helps them to keep the sentences short. One rule of thumb about this is to have only one subject and verb in a sentence, but it goes beyond that. Take a look at the ones I shortened, and see if you understand why I did it in each case. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:03, 24 June 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] I hope you are happy with what I did there. I have another one that I really like but I am very afraid is too complicated right here [[User:Immanuelle/Kumano_Gongen]] [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 20:56, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::Did you mean to remove the categories? -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 21:52, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] I did becase all the categories were redlinks. But I forgot to add new categories. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 21:57, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Some other things I see: ::::*The infobox has a lot of invalid parameters ::::*The Ill template link to your userspace should be removed ::::-- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:01, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::::What about [[User:Immanuelle/Kumano_Gongen]] now? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 22:05, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::It's in a couple of maintenance categories. You could do something to resolve those. ::::::It's usually considered good practice with infoboxes to put one parameter per line. It's not required, but it makes it easier to see the code. ::::::The Commons boxes should go at the top of the other websites section. ::::::A couple of statements in the lead have a lot of references with them. I'd cut it down by a lot. If that removes links that you still want in the article, you could put them in the other websites section. ::::::The Origins and Beliefs about the Three Mountains sections could have some of their sentences combined into paragraphs instead of each being on a separate line. ::::::The big table is in the Beliefs about the Three Mountains section. Does it need its own heading? ::::::Just my thoughts. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:30, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] Is your suggestion to merge in the headings like I did earlier? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 23:28, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::@[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]]: I'm not sure what you mean. Which earlier change are you referring to? -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:02, 26 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] the last edit. Sorry worded that badly. Do you think the current version is better structured? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 00:05, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == What to do about Slowking4's athlete articles? == {{User|Slowking4}} created hundreds of stub articles on athletes, particularly women's volleyball, water polo, and rugby players. Here are some example articles: [[Sarah Chobot]], [[Sarah Pattison]], [[Sarah Landry]], [[Wang Fengjiao]], and [[Valeriya Rylova]]. For the most part, they are formulaic stubs that have a source or two that are databases or rosters. They are mostly orphaned articles and don't exist on other wikis as well. There is never likely to be expansion of them. Most have never competed at the Olympics. I made two batch RFDs for a few articles earlier this month ([[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Slowking volleyball D]] and [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Slowking water polo D]]) both of which resulted in SOFTDELETE as there was no further input. How do we best address these articles? I feel like a bunch of batch RFDs will be tedious and clog RFD. How do we best handle these articles? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 14:37, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :I'd say creating a list and requesting deletion in smaller batches might be a good idea. They do have a bunch of socks though so the list of pages might be quite bigger considering that. I have made a list at [[User:BRPever/test1]]-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 14:55, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :I will try running some query to see if I can narrow the list to pages that are not linked to enwiki pages via wikidata. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:07, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] I have narrowed the list down to ~400 pages by removing pages with links to dewiki, frwiki and enwiki, and it seems this list mostly include pages without any significant coverage. I think this will be a good starting point to work from.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:30, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for compiling this list. Want me to copy it into my user space so you don't need to maintain it? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 17:28, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::Please feel free to copy it. :) --[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 23:24, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Copied it over to my space; thanks for the help! [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:35, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == Feedback == Please give me some feedback on my article [[Raphael (given name)]]. [[User:Rafaelthegreat|Rafaelthegreat]] ([[User talk:Rafaelthegreat|talk]]) 15:14, 26 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Rafaelthegreat|Rafaelthegreat]], welcome to the Simple Wikipedia. I took a look at your article and have a few tips for you. First, it's important to always include sources when you are writing an article. You may want to read [[WP:V]] for more information. It also would be considered a "stub" or short article, so I have tagged it as such. I do like how you included the template to show that the Simple English Wiktionary has a definition for the name. You're on a good track and I encourage you to continue writing! [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 12:59, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks. I am pretty new here. I am usually on the English Wikipedia. [[User:Rafaelthegreat|<span style="color:white; font-weight: bold; background-color:red">'''Rafael'''</span>]] [[User:Rafaelthegreat|<span style="color:red; font-weight: bold; background-color:white">'''Hello!'''</span>]] 13:14, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Ternera|Ternera]]: The infobox adds the Wiktionary template. I actually just suppressed the one that the infobox adds and added it manually to improve the look of the page, even though the Wiktionary entry doesn't have anything that the article doesn't already have. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 16:32, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews == <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> :Hello Victoria, :thank you for the message. Not touching on the subject matter, are you aware that the text that you wrote is of a considerable difficulty, and likely far from what we would consider "Simple English". In that context would it not be likely that the main audience of this project will not understand what you write? - So when you do not get any feedback, this might be because of disinterest, but it might also be because of a failure to communicate with the target audience in a language they actually understand. Those are of course just my thoughts... [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 13:38, 28 June 2025 (UTC) == Writing a simple article on a drug == I have been working on this draft article [[User:Immanuelle/Pink cocaine]]. Are there specific rules or protocols around trying to write simple articles on this topic? I think I did a good job with the beginning. But the table and templates might need some simplification. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 16:24, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :There are no specific rules on articles such as this. Just write it as you would for any other topic. We're not censored so we can, and should, have articles on every notable topic. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 18:29, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::BTW: the article looks fine '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 18:32, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == RFC on paid editing as a CU == Folks on this project are invited to comment on a ongoing RFC on the compatibility of paid editing with CU permissions at [[meta:Requests for comment/Should paid editing as a CU be allowed|this page]]. [[User:Sohom Datta|Sohom]] ([[User talk:Sohom Datta|talk]]) 16:41, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Article title issue [[Kurdish-Yazidi uprising against the Safavids]] == [[Yazidis]] are an Kurdish speaking ethnoreligious group they are not [[Kurdish people]], the article title [[Kurdish-Yazidi uprising against the Safavids]] should be fixed it may mislead readers into thinking they are ethnically Kurdish. Thanks [[Special:Contributions/81.109.99.117|81.109.99.117]] ([[User talk:81.109.99.117|talk]]) 03:24, 1 July 2025 (UTC) :I have moved the page [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 08:07, 1 July 2025 (UTC) ::Agree. I hope that there will be subject experts fixing it. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 14:07, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == Can you please set this up here? == From [[:en:Wikipedia:New pages patrol]]: {{tq|New pages are not indexed by external search engines until they are patrolled.}} I really hope you can set this up on Simple English Wikipedia too. This was most recently discussed in April/May 2024 at [[Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive 159#Enabling noindex in article space]] with overwhelming support. [[Special:Contributions/96.65.201.81|96.65.201.81]] ([[User talk:96.65.201.81|talk]]) 19:44, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :I would definitely support this. It seems Eptalon was looking into it last year and there has been no update since then? [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 19:47, 2 July 2025 (UTC) h85xksdy0s21mxscgvudqtwlob8ckcq 10368177 10368158 2025-07-02T20:03:33Z Ferien 1011873 /* Can you please set this up here? */ Reply 10368177 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive %(counter)d |algo = old(10d) |counter = 169 |maxarchivesize = 125K |minthreadsleft = 5 }} {{Skip to top and bottom}} {{Please leave this line alone.}} <!-- Questions go here. Post new questions at the BOTTOM of the page. --> == Handling AI articles == Hiyas! I haven't been around as much as I'd like to, so may have missed a discussion on this (lmk if one has already happened). I came across [[Separatism in Russia]], an article [[Special:Diff/10343227|almost certainly written]] by a LLM with no/minimal human review. It doesn't fall under any of the existing QD criteria, but also isn't a traditional candidate for RfD as the topic is notable, just the content is bad (though is currently at RfD). Given the ease with which people can now generate large amounts of text that may be hiding LLM hallucinations...how should we be handling articles of this kind? I'd think about simply blanking and redirecting it to a relevant article with human-reviewed content, but that might be a bit too bold. Best, [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 01:01, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :Hiya. Yes, we have been discussing this topic. At first we considered QDing them as Complex articles under a proposed G13 criteria but that went nowhere. Now we tend to RfD them, although that obviously takes time and is one of the reasons we have so many RfDs. I'd advise you to read and comment on [[WP:AI]]. It's become quite a problem, one which we haven't yet figured out. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:10, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::^What Freekman said - we don't have an official way of handling these, Some people tag them under {{tl|AI-notice}} where they then simple sit and go forgotten about/rot for years to come, and others like myself just send them straight to RFD if the Enwiki article is too complex (I try where possible). –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 01:23, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :::I also agree with having a QD criterion, I can't remember what I said in the last discussion but I probably Opposed on the basis that "they could be rewritten/improved" however that theory has turned out to be wrong as they don't get improved or rewritten - they just sit dormant for years until someone randomly stumbles upon it :::So yes I support a QD criterion, Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 20:38, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::If anyone has any ideas, we can expand on it. I was thinking of making a section at RFD specifically for AI related page that act as [[:en:WP:PROD]] and the gets deleted if there is no improvement in a week. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 12:53, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :::I agree with the idea. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 15:07, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::{{re|Fr33kman}} Is 5 out of 99 RfDs (or 3 out of 109 RfDs at the time you commented) mentioning AI in the nomination or comments really a reason for so many RfDs? The data isn't adding up. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 21:01, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::I think the way forward is the QD option and from what I'm reading a few good others agree. There are a fair few other QD criteria that don't get used often but we have them as options. How many RfDs have we had since the AI thing became an issue? A lot of people have expressed a dislike of AI generated content. Perhaps it's a good idea to have a formal poll? '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 22:03, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::::{{re|Fr33kman}} The question was simply about whether it was one of the reasons it's that we have a massive backlog of RfDs, that you mentioned in your comment, which it is not based on the data. And QD criteria also need to be objective which has not been demonstrated here yet either. A4 is already heavily misused so why would it be a good idea to open us up to another potential criterion that is ''genuinely'' subjective and likely to be misused. The QD criterion feels like a solution looking for a problem, these articles ''will'' be deleted on-sight or within 7 days at RfD, why go against the fundamentals of our deletion policy for an issue that is affecting so few of our existing RfDs. No-one is doubting it is an issue but the scope of it is certainly up for debate and whether it needs such a drastic change in QD policy. Once someone talks about how we can make this an objective pass/fail criterion for QD like every single other one I will happily stop pushing back on this issue, but it's not possible which is why it hasn't been implemented yet. ::::And please, let's not formally "poll" the community, we work on consensus not polling &ndash; ''that'' is ironically something we need to fix in our RfDs with people making such poor baseless arguments or none at all that consensus is more difficult/controversial to determine, prolonging RfD closures and increasing the backlog in the process. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:42, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::::You say "these articles will be deleted on-sight": how will they be deleted on sight without a QD criteria? They will only be deleted after an RfD. I think everyone is on the same page in that we all want them to be deleted, it's just a matter of how. Right now, as I see it, most people who have commented agree with the QD option. I do agree that it is not as objective as we would like. I'm not sure how to address that. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:33, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::I think there are differing opinions so maybe it's time we list the options and see what most people agree to. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 23:38, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::I totally agree '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 16:53, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :::::Our inability to objectively know if something is AI-written does not negate the possibility of a QD criteria. There are going to be very obvious AI articles, and less obvious ones, and it's not necessary that all be strictly classifiable for a QD criteria to be useful. It's possible that some can be deleted as hoaxes, but I do think a well-worded QD criteria would be helpful in dealing with these articles. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 14:12, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::I agree. We could use G13 for obvious AI articles and RfD when we aren't sure. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 16:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *I'd personally prefer to have clearly AI generated content straight deleted. We can't just go with A3, as the articles aren't copied over from another wiki. However, complex articles with possible false information damaged the reputation of the project. I'd support the G13 reason. I'm yet not very worried about AI usage in discussions. If that becomes a wider problem, we can talk about it again. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 15:01, 20 June 2025 (UTC) *What about introducing another QD criterion? - "The article was likely generated automatically, and has not been reviewed by a human edutor"? - AI can be helpful, but such articles at least need a rewview.--[[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 10:11, 21 June 2025 (UTC) *:That's essentially the idea behind G13 '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:17, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :I think at this point, this problem isn't going away and a QD criteria for it would be suitable. I don't think discussing each one gains us much and simply wastes time at AfD which is already severely missing '''[[User:Lee Vilenski|<span style="color:green">Lee Vilenski</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Lee Vilenski|talk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Lee Vilenski|contribs]])</sup>''' 10:55, 21 June 2025 (UTC) :I agree with a new QD criterion. I'm generally uneasy about a PROD/RfD approach because improving LLM-generated articles means we possibly keep their output in revision history or in the article itself. The issue here is twofold — first, we may keep unverified or incorrect text; second, we cannot be assured that it is not a copyvio. Here is an example of the latter: [[:File:Using LLMs to write Wikipedia content.pdf]] (aside: by AI standards, this is an eternity ago — but I suspect the tools most people have access to are not SOTA nor particularly more advanced than the example). My understanding is also that the copyright status of LLM-generated text is not definite in the United States. In other words, if the text is already problematic and unworkable, we may as well QD it. [[User talk:Hiàn#top|Hiàn]] 02:21, 24 June 2025 (UTC) *Handling these articles with QD is of course the most appealing way to do it and that's why it's what everyone wants but QD involves objective criteria. I don't think anyone wants these articles to stick about but we already have issues with admins handling claims to notability and that is an objective thing. How do we call something objectively AI-generated - articles on enwiki are described as ''likely'' containing AI-generated content, because we just don't know for certain - ie it's not a pass/fail criterion like every other QD criterion. Do we base it on GPTZero score/likelihood? That is what is different about this compared to other issues and why we need to have a slightly different approach instead of just a new criterion which in its previous form which will cause issues. Personally I say expand A3 to address more complex content. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:46, 29 June 2025 (UTC) *:I have a micro-essay on the issues of AI-generated articles here, and why it is a difficult one to just "solve" with a QD criterion: [[User:Ferien/AI]] --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:51, 29 June 2025 (UTC) *:While I understand your point, I would disagree with expanding A3 for two reasons: *:The first being that changing A3 to fit "complexity" is not possible. The definition of "complexity" is far more subjective than any definition of what is AI, at which point such subjectivity requires an RFD. *:My second issue is that, in the future, it will likely become easier for LLMs to create simple-sounding text, while continuing to be unencyclopedic, meaning that A3 would not necessarily apply to them anymore. *:As AI advances, LLMs will write differently. While it currently struggles to write simple text in an encyclopedic tone without having problems, I suspect that these issues will present themselves differently in the future. Expanding A3 to fit our current definition of the problems of AI today will be obsolete in the future. *:While I am not active in such topics in SEWP, I don't think AI false positives have ever been an issue in SEWP, and such articles are usually very-easily identifiable (see [[WP:DUCK]]). Even in the case of false positives, articles that are so bad that people mistake them for AI should be deleted or TNTed anyway. I would therefore support a new QD criterion. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 01:36, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::I would also use a term like 'automatically-generated'. In the end, AI is just a tool. We care what the article looks like, and we see it has certain deficiencies. What tools were used to make the article are irrelevant. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 07:07, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::Indeed, I should have said A3 expansion would be only one of the things I would actually want to do to address it. Complexity can be pretty objective though, based on whether it contains complex vocabulary not in BE 1500, longer sentences etc which is why it already exists - enwp copies that aren't complex are often declined for A3. I also think we may reach a point where AI-generated articles end up being completely unproblematic and it is difficult to determine which article is AI and which one is not. We are definitely not at that stage yet tho. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:47, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :"'''Seems like''' [[slop|A.I.-slop]]": I think that we should should 'start' with using that '''justification''', in regard to '''RfD '''/AfD.--Before we even consider using that [[soundbyte]] as a 'QD justification', then we should gain experience in ''''much '''use' of 'RfD justification': ''Seems like-A.I. slop''. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|talk]]) 14:01, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *A suggestion for a wording in the form of a deletion criterion - of course based on my personal opinions that a QD criterion could not work in the traditional way but trying to account for fast deletion that gets rid of these quicker than any RfD and the clear majority opinion here. Any feedback would be appreciated. **13. '''Obviously contains AI-generated content''': Pages very likely generated by a [[large language model]] (LLM) and recommended for deletion by at least two editors. *This should be relatively easy to technically implement, where two signatures/users go into the QD template here. So one user nominates then another approves. This is a bit like the PROD idea but faster. Given how closely CAT:QD is monitored, the second user should be quite easy to get, and could maybe be done by passing admins in QD. We could also have a category for QD alone with AI-gen'd contnet? Thoughts? --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:47, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *:I've started [[User:Ferien/AI-QD]] with the ability to add an editor2 - simply added by adding <code>|editor2=(User)</code> onto the template. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 15:09, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *:I really like this idea — seems like a good balance between an admin-discretion QD and a week-long RfD. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 15:17, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *:"'''Seems like''' ...", is better than '''Obvious'''.--After all, if things really were obvious, then QD could have taken care of everything. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|talk]]) 15:56, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::I'm afraid I don't understand your comment. QD is designed to take the quick easy (obvious) cases whereas RfD has always been for those that are up for debate. If we change the criterion to "Seems like it contains AI-generated content" then it's up for debate. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:27, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *:::What about something simple like "Contains AI generated content" for obvious cases such as those that refer directly to LLM or other straightforward cases and RfD for the others? I know there will always be some that require a subjective test but I think we are also trying to avoid cases where the RfD outcome would essentially be a case of SNOW. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 14:58, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *:I would support having AIQDs exist in a separate category. I would also recommend making this template physically distinct from a QD template, just as a RFD template is different from a QD template. Perhaps orange? *:My other question is would this be easily addable to Twinkle? I can imagine pressing G13 on the twinkle page, then if there is already a QD template there, it adds your signature. If there are two signatures, perhaps the template becomes red again, and then is moved from a theoretical AIQD to QD. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 17:08, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::Bad idea, to have to persons + one person doing a QD, with a '''subjective''' justification.--It is likely '''better '''to start with RfD /AfD, that have "'''snow''' close", after six days, or 5 days, or 4, or 3, or ... .--These 'fast-track' thingies '''mentioned''', are in regard to "Seems like A.I.-slop". [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2|talk]]) 22:29, 30 June 2025 (UTC) /2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784 *::I like that idea for templates, might be easier to technically implement actually as we already have a function on Twinkle that allows admins to replace a QD with an RfD if they initiate one. There's also the prod and endorsed prod templates on en that could serve as inspiration. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:29, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == I cant make an account! == Hi! Can you help? I cant make an account. It says i "session hijacked". Please help. (im on a Samsung smart tv) '''Thanks!''' --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 09:31, 21 June 2025 (UTC) :Please answer --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 08:05, 22 June 2025 (UTC) == Nonsense page == Hi. Theres a new page called "[[Don Davies]]" and all it says is a spam of "Pierre Poilievere" in bold. --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 10:10, 22 June 2025 (UTC)! :Took care of it. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 10:12, 22 June 2025 (UTC) == Vandals == How can i help fight vandalism? Its hard --[[Special:Contributions/112.204.167.209|112.204.167.209]] ([[User talk:112.204.167.209|talk]]) 14:09, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :no My IP changed! --[[Special:Contributions/112.204.167.209|112.204.167.209]] ([[User talk:112.204.167.209|talk]]) 14:11, 22 June 2025 (UTC) == Personal attack question == Would it be a personal attack to say one user is probably a sockpuppet of someone else? [[Special:Contributions/71.236.131.237|71.236.131.237]] ([[User talk:71.236.131.237|talk]]) 17:30, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :If you have a reasonable suspicion - no. However, if it is a "blind" accusation without any evidence, then I advise against making such accusations. [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 19:16, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :I don’t think it is a personal attack. Now, I would suggest providing more evidence to make your case for a connection. I restored your comment so that MathXplorer can judge for themselves. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 19:17, 22 June 2025 (UTC) ::Hello, if you have a suspicion, you can crete a request on [[:WP:RFCU|this page]]. One of the checkusers will then look into the matter, and perform the relevantchecks. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 04:29, 23 June 2025 (UTC) == How do I make this draft better? == I wrote a draft here [[User:Immanuelle/Kabe_Island]] and I feel like it is badly written. Do you have suggestions? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 22:12, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]]: Hi, Immanuelle. Since you had said in the past that you didn't mind people editing your drafts, I just did some cleanup and simplifying on this one. Feel free to revert if you want. :The main thing I see is that the language needs to be simplified, mostly by breaking sentences into smaller pieces. I find it helps to think about our target audience, people whose English is not advanced. They might be trying to understand one sentence at a time, so it helps them to keep the sentences short. One rule of thumb about this is to have only one subject and verb in a sentence, but it goes beyond that. Take a look at the ones I shortened, and see if you understand why I did it in each case. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:03, 24 June 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] I hope you are happy with what I did there. I have another one that I really like but I am very afraid is too complicated right here [[User:Immanuelle/Kumano_Gongen]] [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 20:56, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::Did you mean to remove the categories? -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 21:52, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] I did becase all the categories were redlinks. But I forgot to add new categories. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 21:57, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Some other things I see: ::::*The infobox has a lot of invalid parameters ::::*The Ill template link to your userspace should be removed ::::-- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:01, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::::What about [[User:Immanuelle/Kumano_Gongen]] now? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 22:05, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::It's in a couple of maintenance categories. You could do something to resolve those. ::::::It's usually considered good practice with infoboxes to put one parameter per line. It's not required, but it makes it easier to see the code. ::::::The Commons boxes should go at the top of the other websites section. ::::::A couple of statements in the lead have a lot of references with them. I'd cut it down by a lot. If that removes links that you still want in the article, you could put them in the other websites section. ::::::The Origins and Beliefs about the Three Mountains sections could have some of their sentences combined into paragraphs instead of each being on a separate line. ::::::The big table is in the Beliefs about the Three Mountains section. Does it need its own heading? ::::::Just my thoughts. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:30, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] Is your suggestion to merge in the headings like I did earlier? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 23:28, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::@[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]]: I'm not sure what you mean. Which earlier change are you referring to? -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:02, 26 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] the last edit. Sorry worded that badly. Do you think the current version is better structured? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 00:05, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == What to do about Slowking4's athlete articles? == {{User|Slowking4}} created hundreds of stub articles on athletes, particularly women's volleyball, water polo, and rugby players. Here are some example articles: [[Sarah Chobot]], [[Sarah Pattison]], [[Sarah Landry]], [[Wang Fengjiao]], and [[Valeriya Rylova]]. For the most part, they are formulaic stubs that have a source or two that are databases or rosters. They are mostly orphaned articles and don't exist on other wikis as well. There is never likely to be expansion of them. Most have never competed at the Olympics. I made two batch RFDs for a few articles earlier this month ([[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Slowking volleyball D]] and [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Slowking water polo D]]) both of which resulted in SOFTDELETE as there was no further input. How do we best address these articles? I feel like a bunch of batch RFDs will be tedious and clog RFD. How do we best handle these articles? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 14:37, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :I'd say creating a list and requesting deletion in smaller batches might be a good idea. They do have a bunch of socks though so the list of pages might be quite bigger considering that. I have made a list at [[User:BRPever/test1]]-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 14:55, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :I will try running some query to see if I can narrow the list to pages that are not linked to enwiki pages via wikidata. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:07, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] I have narrowed the list down to ~400 pages by removing pages with links to dewiki, frwiki and enwiki, and it seems this list mostly include pages without any significant coverage. I think this will be a good starting point to work from.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:30, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for compiling this list. Want me to copy it into my user space so you don't need to maintain it? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 17:28, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::Please feel free to copy it. :) --[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 23:24, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Copied it over to my space; thanks for the help! [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:35, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == Feedback == Please give me some feedback on my article [[Raphael (given name)]]. [[User:Rafaelthegreat|Rafaelthegreat]] ([[User talk:Rafaelthegreat|talk]]) 15:14, 26 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Rafaelthegreat|Rafaelthegreat]], welcome to the Simple Wikipedia. I took a look at your article and have a few tips for you. First, it's important to always include sources when you are writing an article. You may want to read [[WP:V]] for more information. It also would be considered a "stub" or short article, so I have tagged it as such. I do like how you included the template to show that the Simple English Wiktionary has a definition for the name. You're on a good track and I encourage you to continue writing! [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 12:59, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks. I am pretty new here. I am usually on the English Wikipedia. [[User:Rafaelthegreat|<span style="color:white; font-weight: bold; background-color:red">'''Rafael'''</span>]] [[User:Rafaelthegreat|<span style="color:red; font-weight: bold; background-color:white">'''Hello!'''</span>]] 13:14, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Ternera|Ternera]]: The infobox adds the Wiktionary template. I actually just suppressed the one that the infobox adds and added it manually to improve the look of the page, even though the Wiktionary entry doesn't have anything that the article doesn't already have. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 16:32, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews == <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> :Hello Victoria, :thank you for the message. Not touching on the subject matter, are you aware that the text that you wrote is of a considerable difficulty, and likely far from what we would consider "Simple English". In that context would it not be likely that the main audience of this project will not understand what you write? - So when you do not get any feedback, this might be because of disinterest, but it might also be because of a failure to communicate with the target audience in a language they actually understand. Those are of course just my thoughts... [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 13:38, 28 June 2025 (UTC) == Writing a simple article on a drug == I have been working on this draft article [[User:Immanuelle/Pink cocaine]]. Are there specific rules or protocols around trying to write simple articles on this topic? I think I did a good job with the beginning. But the table and templates might need some simplification. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 16:24, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :There are no specific rules on articles such as this. Just write it as you would for any other topic. We're not censored so we can, and should, have articles on every notable topic. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 18:29, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::BTW: the article looks fine '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 18:32, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == RFC on paid editing as a CU == Folks on this project are invited to comment on a ongoing RFC on the compatibility of paid editing with CU permissions at [[meta:Requests for comment/Should paid editing as a CU be allowed|this page]]. [[User:Sohom Datta|Sohom]] ([[User talk:Sohom Datta|talk]]) 16:41, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Article title issue [[Kurdish-Yazidi uprising against the Safavids]] == [[Yazidis]] are an Kurdish speaking ethnoreligious group they are not [[Kurdish people]], the article title [[Kurdish-Yazidi uprising against the Safavids]] should be fixed it may mislead readers into thinking they are ethnically Kurdish. Thanks [[Special:Contributions/81.109.99.117|81.109.99.117]] ([[User talk:81.109.99.117|talk]]) 03:24, 1 July 2025 (UTC) :I have moved the page [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 08:07, 1 July 2025 (UTC) ::Agree. I hope that there will be subject experts fixing it. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 14:07, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == Can you please set this up here? == From [[:en:Wikipedia:New pages patrol]]: {{tq|New pages are not indexed by external search engines until they are patrolled.}} I really hope you can set this up on Simple English Wikipedia too. This was most recently discussed in April/May 2024 at [[Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive 159#Enabling noindex in article space]] with overwhelming support. [[Special:Contributions/96.65.201.81|96.65.201.81]] ([[User talk:96.65.201.81|talk]]) 19:44, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :I would definitely support this. It seems Eptalon was looking into it last year and there has been no update since then? [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 19:47, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ::I'd have to find the exact link for it but I believe someone either from WMF or on the technical side of things said they'd rather not change it, after that discussion finished. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:03, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 0iam1v8oip5lus7ajhl9m0qu1r1j89q 10368180 10368177 2025-07-02T20:04:52Z Ferien 1011873 /* I cant make an account! */ Reply 10368180 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive %(counter)d |algo = old(10d) |counter = 169 |maxarchivesize = 125K |minthreadsleft = 5 }} {{Skip to top and bottom}} {{Please leave this line alone.}} <!-- Questions go here. Post new questions at the BOTTOM of the page. --> == Handling AI articles == Hiyas! I haven't been around as much as I'd like to, so may have missed a discussion on this (lmk if one has already happened). I came across [[Separatism in Russia]], an article [[Special:Diff/10343227|almost certainly written]] by a LLM with no/minimal human review. It doesn't fall under any of the existing QD criteria, but also isn't a traditional candidate for RfD as the topic is notable, just the content is bad (though is currently at RfD). Given the ease with which people can now generate large amounts of text that may be hiding LLM hallucinations...how should we be handling articles of this kind? I'd think about simply blanking and redirecting it to a relevant article with human-reviewed content, but that might be a bit too bold. Best, [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 01:01, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :Hiya. Yes, we have been discussing this topic. At first we considered QDing them as Complex articles under a proposed G13 criteria but that went nowhere. Now we tend to RfD them, although that obviously takes time and is one of the reasons we have so many RfDs. I'd advise you to read and comment on [[WP:AI]]. It's become quite a problem, one which we haven't yet figured out. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:10, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::^What Freekman said - we don't have an official way of handling these, Some people tag them under {{tl|AI-notice}} where they then simple sit and go forgotten about/rot for years to come, and others like myself just send them straight to RFD if the Enwiki article is too complex (I try where possible). –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 01:23, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :::I also agree with having a QD criterion, I can't remember what I said in the last discussion but I probably Opposed on the basis that "they could be rewritten/improved" however that theory has turned out to be wrong as they don't get improved or rewritten - they just sit dormant for years until someone randomly stumbles upon it :::So yes I support a QD criterion, Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 20:38, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::If anyone has any ideas, we can expand on it. I was thinking of making a section at RFD specifically for AI related page that act as [[:en:WP:PROD]] and the gets deleted if there is no improvement in a week. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 12:53, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :::I agree with the idea. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 15:07, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::{{re|Fr33kman}} Is 5 out of 99 RfDs (or 3 out of 109 RfDs at the time you commented) mentioning AI in the nomination or comments really a reason for so many RfDs? The data isn't adding up. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 21:01, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::I think the way forward is the QD option and from what I'm reading a few good others agree. There are a fair few other QD criteria that don't get used often but we have them as options. How many RfDs have we had since the AI thing became an issue? A lot of people have expressed a dislike of AI generated content. Perhaps it's a good idea to have a formal poll? '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 22:03, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::::{{re|Fr33kman}} The question was simply about whether it was one of the reasons it's that we have a massive backlog of RfDs, that you mentioned in your comment, which it is not based on the data. And QD criteria also need to be objective which has not been demonstrated here yet either. A4 is already heavily misused so why would it be a good idea to open us up to another potential criterion that is ''genuinely'' subjective and likely to be misused. The QD criterion feels like a solution looking for a problem, these articles ''will'' be deleted on-sight or within 7 days at RfD, why go against the fundamentals of our deletion policy for an issue that is affecting so few of our existing RfDs. No-one is doubting it is an issue but the scope of it is certainly up for debate and whether it needs such a drastic change in QD policy. Once someone talks about how we can make this an objective pass/fail criterion for QD like every single other one I will happily stop pushing back on this issue, but it's not possible which is why it hasn't been implemented yet. ::::And please, let's not formally "poll" the community, we work on consensus not polling &ndash; ''that'' is ironically something we need to fix in our RfDs with people making such poor baseless arguments or none at all that consensus is more difficult/controversial to determine, prolonging RfD closures and increasing the backlog in the process. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:42, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::::You say "these articles will be deleted on-sight": how will they be deleted on sight without a QD criteria? They will only be deleted after an RfD. I think everyone is on the same page in that we all want them to be deleted, it's just a matter of how. Right now, as I see it, most people who have commented agree with the QD option. I do agree that it is not as objective as we would like. I'm not sure how to address that. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:33, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::I think there are differing opinions so maybe it's time we list the options and see what most people agree to. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 23:38, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::I totally agree '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 16:53, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :::::Our inability to objectively know if something is AI-written does not negate the possibility of a QD criteria. There are going to be very obvious AI articles, and less obvious ones, and it's not necessary that all be strictly classifiable for a QD criteria to be useful. It's possible that some can be deleted as hoaxes, but I do think a well-worded QD criteria would be helpful in dealing with these articles. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 14:12, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::I agree. We could use G13 for obvious AI articles and RfD when we aren't sure. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 16:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *I'd personally prefer to have clearly AI generated content straight deleted. We can't just go with A3, as the articles aren't copied over from another wiki. However, complex articles with possible false information damaged the reputation of the project. I'd support the G13 reason. I'm yet not very worried about AI usage in discussions. If that becomes a wider problem, we can talk about it again. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 15:01, 20 June 2025 (UTC) *What about introducing another QD criterion? - "The article was likely generated automatically, and has not been reviewed by a human edutor"? - AI can be helpful, but such articles at least need a rewview.--[[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 10:11, 21 June 2025 (UTC) *:That's essentially the idea behind G13 '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:17, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :I think at this point, this problem isn't going away and a QD criteria for it would be suitable. I don't think discussing each one gains us much and simply wastes time at AfD which is already severely missing '''[[User:Lee Vilenski|<span style="color:green">Lee Vilenski</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Lee Vilenski|talk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Lee Vilenski|contribs]])</sup>''' 10:55, 21 June 2025 (UTC) :I agree with a new QD criterion. I'm generally uneasy about a PROD/RfD approach because improving LLM-generated articles means we possibly keep their output in revision history or in the article itself. The issue here is twofold — first, we may keep unverified or incorrect text; second, we cannot be assured that it is not a copyvio. Here is an example of the latter: [[:File:Using LLMs to write Wikipedia content.pdf]] (aside: by AI standards, this is an eternity ago — but I suspect the tools most people have access to are not SOTA nor particularly more advanced than the example). My understanding is also that the copyright status of LLM-generated text is not definite in the United States. In other words, if the text is already problematic and unworkable, we may as well QD it. [[User talk:Hiàn#top|Hiàn]] 02:21, 24 June 2025 (UTC) *Handling these articles with QD is of course the most appealing way to do it and that's why it's what everyone wants but QD involves objective criteria. I don't think anyone wants these articles to stick about but we already have issues with admins handling claims to notability and that is an objective thing. How do we call something objectively AI-generated - articles on enwiki are described as ''likely'' containing AI-generated content, because we just don't know for certain - ie it's not a pass/fail criterion like every other QD criterion. Do we base it on GPTZero score/likelihood? That is what is different about this compared to other issues and why we need to have a slightly different approach instead of just a new criterion which in its previous form which will cause issues. Personally I say expand A3 to address more complex content. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:46, 29 June 2025 (UTC) *:I have a micro-essay on the issues of AI-generated articles here, and why it is a difficult one to just "solve" with a QD criterion: [[User:Ferien/AI]] --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:51, 29 June 2025 (UTC) *:While I understand your point, I would disagree with expanding A3 for two reasons: *:The first being that changing A3 to fit "complexity" is not possible. The definition of "complexity" is far more subjective than any definition of what is AI, at which point such subjectivity requires an RFD. *:My second issue is that, in the future, it will likely become easier for LLMs to create simple-sounding text, while continuing to be unencyclopedic, meaning that A3 would not necessarily apply to them anymore. *:As AI advances, LLMs will write differently. While it currently struggles to write simple text in an encyclopedic tone without having problems, I suspect that these issues will present themselves differently in the future. Expanding A3 to fit our current definition of the problems of AI today will be obsolete in the future. *:While I am not active in such topics in SEWP, I don't think AI false positives have ever been an issue in SEWP, and such articles are usually very-easily identifiable (see [[WP:DUCK]]). Even in the case of false positives, articles that are so bad that people mistake them for AI should be deleted or TNTed anyway. I would therefore support a new QD criterion. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 01:36, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::I would also use a term like 'automatically-generated'. In the end, AI is just a tool. We care what the article looks like, and we see it has certain deficiencies. What tools were used to make the article are irrelevant. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 07:07, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::Indeed, I should have said A3 expansion would be only one of the things I would actually want to do to address it. Complexity can be pretty objective though, based on whether it contains complex vocabulary not in BE 1500, longer sentences etc which is why it already exists - enwp copies that aren't complex are often declined for A3. I also think we may reach a point where AI-generated articles end up being completely unproblematic and it is difficult to determine which article is AI and which one is not. We are definitely not at that stage yet tho. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:47, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :"'''Seems like''' [[slop|A.I.-slop]]": I think that we should should 'start' with using that '''justification''', in regard to '''RfD '''/AfD.--Before we even consider using that [[soundbyte]] as a 'QD justification', then we should gain experience in ''''much '''use' of 'RfD justification': ''Seems like-A.I. slop''. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|talk]]) 14:01, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *A suggestion for a wording in the form of a deletion criterion - of course based on my personal opinions that a QD criterion could not work in the traditional way but trying to account for fast deletion that gets rid of these quicker than any RfD and the clear majority opinion here. Any feedback would be appreciated. **13. '''Obviously contains AI-generated content''': Pages very likely generated by a [[large language model]] (LLM) and recommended for deletion by at least two editors. *This should be relatively easy to technically implement, where two signatures/users go into the QD template here. So one user nominates then another approves. This is a bit like the PROD idea but faster. Given how closely CAT:QD is monitored, the second user should be quite easy to get, and could maybe be done by passing admins in QD. We could also have a category for QD alone with AI-gen'd contnet? Thoughts? --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:47, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *:I've started [[User:Ferien/AI-QD]] with the ability to add an editor2 - simply added by adding <code>|editor2=(User)</code> onto the template. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 15:09, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *:I really like this idea — seems like a good balance between an admin-discretion QD and a week-long RfD. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 15:17, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *:"'''Seems like''' ...", is better than '''Obvious'''.--After all, if things really were obvious, then QD could have taken care of everything. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|talk]]) 15:56, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::I'm afraid I don't understand your comment. QD is designed to take the quick easy (obvious) cases whereas RfD has always been for those that are up for debate. If we change the criterion to "Seems like it contains AI-generated content" then it's up for debate. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:27, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *:::What about something simple like "Contains AI generated content" for obvious cases such as those that refer directly to LLM or other straightforward cases and RfD for the others? I know there will always be some that require a subjective test but I think we are also trying to avoid cases where the RfD outcome would essentially be a case of SNOW. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 14:58, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *:I would support having AIQDs exist in a separate category. I would also recommend making this template physically distinct from a QD template, just as a RFD template is different from a QD template. Perhaps orange? *:My other question is would this be easily addable to Twinkle? I can imagine pressing G13 on the twinkle page, then if there is already a QD template there, it adds your signature. If there are two signatures, perhaps the template becomes red again, and then is moved from a theoretical AIQD to QD. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 17:08, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::Bad idea, to have to persons + one person doing a QD, with a '''subjective''' justification.--It is likely '''better '''to start with RfD /AfD, that have "'''snow''' close", after six days, or 5 days, or 4, or 3, or ... .--These 'fast-track' thingies '''mentioned''', are in regard to "Seems like A.I.-slop". [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2|talk]]) 22:29, 30 June 2025 (UTC) /2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784 *::I like that idea for templates, might be easier to technically implement actually as we already have a function on Twinkle that allows admins to replace a QD with an RfD if they initiate one. There's also the prod and endorsed prod templates on en that could serve as inspiration. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:29, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == I cant make an account! == Hi! Can you help? I cant make an account. It says i "session hijacked". Please help. (im on a Samsung smart tv) '''Thanks!''' --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 09:31, 21 June 2025 (UTC) :Please answer --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 08:05, 22 June 2025 (UTC) ::I'd recommend trying to make an account on another device. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:04, 2 July 2025 (UTC) == Nonsense page == Hi. Theres a new page called "[[Don Davies]]" and all it says is a spam of "Pierre Poilievere" in bold. --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 10:10, 22 June 2025 (UTC)! :Took care of it. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 10:12, 22 June 2025 (UTC) == Vandals == How can i help fight vandalism? Its hard --[[Special:Contributions/112.204.167.209|112.204.167.209]] ([[User talk:112.204.167.209|talk]]) 14:09, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :no My IP changed! --[[Special:Contributions/112.204.167.209|112.204.167.209]] ([[User talk:112.204.167.209|talk]]) 14:11, 22 June 2025 (UTC) == Personal attack question == Would it be a personal attack to say one user is probably a sockpuppet of someone else? [[Special:Contributions/71.236.131.237|71.236.131.237]] ([[User talk:71.236.131.237|talk]]) 17:30, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :If you have a reasonable suspicion - no. However, if it is a "blind" accusation without any evidence, then I advise against making such accusations. [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 19:16, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :I don’t think it is a personal attack. Now, I would suggest providing more evidence to make your case for a connection. I restored your comment so that MathXplorer can judge for themselves. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 19:17, 22 June 2025 (UTC) ::Hello, if you have a suspicion, you can crete a request on [[:WP:RFCU|this page]]. One of the checkusers will then look into the matter, and perform the relevantchecks. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 04:29, 23 June 2025 (UTC) == How do I make this draft better? == I wrote a draft here [[User:Immanuelle/Kabe_Island]] and I feel like it is badly written. Do you have suggestions? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 22:12, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]]: Hi, Immanuelle. Since you had said in the past that you didn't mind people editing your drafts, I just did some cleanup and simplifying on this one. Feel free to revert if you want. :The main thing I see is that the language needs to be simplified, mostly by breaking sentences into smaller pieces. I find it helps to think about our target audience, people whose English is not advanced. They might be trying to understand one sentence at a time, so it helps them to keep the sentences short. One rule of thumb about this is to have only one subject and verb in a sentence, but it goes beyond that. Take a look at the ones I shortened, and see if you understand why I did it in each case. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:03, 24 June 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] I hope you are happy with what I did there. I have another one that I really like but I am very afraid is too complicated right here [[User:Immanuelle/Kumano_Gongen]] [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 20:56, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::Did you mean to remove the categories? -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 21:52, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] I did becase all the categories were redlinks. But I forgot to add new categories. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 21:57, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Some other things I see: ::::*The infobox has a lot of invalid parameters ::::*The Ill template link to your userspace should be removed ::::-- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:01, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::::What about [[User:Immanuelle/Kumano_Gongen]] now? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 22:05, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::It's in a couple of maintenance categories. You could do something to resolve those. ::::::It's usually considered good practice with infoboxes to put one parameter per line. It's not required, but it makes it easier to see the code. ::::::The Commons boxes should go at the top of the other websites section. ::::::A couple of statements in the lead have a lot of references with them. I'd cut it down by a lot. If that removes links that you still want in the article, you could put them in the other websites section. ::::::The Origins and Beliefs about the Three Mountains sections could have some of their sentences combined into paragraphs instead of each being on a separate line. ::::::The big table is in the Beliefs about the Three Mountains section. Does it need its own heading? ::::::Just my thoughts. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:30, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] Is your suggestion to merge in the headings like I did earlier? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 23:28, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::@[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]]: I'm not sure what you mean. Which earlier change are you referring to? -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:02, 26 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] the last edit. Sorry worded that badly. Do you think the current version is better structured? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 00:05, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == What to do about Slowking4's athlete articles? == {{User|Slowking4}} created hundreds of stub articles on athletes, particularly women's volleyball, water polo, and rugby players. Here are some example articles: [[Sarah Chobot]], [[Sarah Pattison]], [[Sarah Landry]], [[Wang Fengjiao]], and [[Valeriya Rylova]]. For the most part, they are formulaic stubs that have a source or two that are databases or rosters. They are mostly orphaned articles and don't exist on other wikis as well. There is never likely to be expansion of them. Most have never competed at the Olympics. I made two batch RFDs for a few articles earlier this month ([[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Slowking volleyball D]] and [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Slowking water polo D]]) both of which resulted in SOFTDELETE as there was no further input. How do we best address these articles? I feel like a bunch of batch RFDs will be tedious and clog RFD. How do we best handle these articles? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 14:37, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :I'd say creating a list and requesting deletion in smaller batches might be a good idea. They do have a bunch of socks though so the list of pages might be quite bigger considering that. I have made a list at [[User:BRPever/test1]]-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 14:55, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :I will try running some query to see if I can narrow the list to pages that are not linked to enwiki pages via wikidata. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:07, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] I have narrowed the list down to ~400 pages by removing pages with links to dewiki, frwiki and enwiki, and it seems this list mostly include pages without any significant coverage. I think this will be a good starting point to work from.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:30, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for compiling this list. Want me to copy it into my user space so you don't need to maintain it? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 17:28, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::Please feel free to copy it. :) --[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 23:24, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Copied it over to my space; thanks for the help! [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:35, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == Feedback == Please give me some feedback on my article [[Raphael (given name)]]. [[User:Rafaelthegreat|Rafaelthegreat]] ([[User talk:Rafaelthegreat|talk]]) 15:14, 26 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Rafaelthegreat|Rafaelthegreat]], welcome to the Simple Wikipedia. I took a look at your article and have a few tips for you. First, it's important to always include sources when you are writing an article. You may want to read [[WP:V]] for more information. It also would be considered a "stub" or short article, so I have tagged it as such. I do like how you included the template to show that the Simple English Wiktionary has a definition for the name. You're on a good track and I encourage you to continue writing! [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 12:59, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks. I am pretty new here. I am usually on the English Wikipedia. [[User:Rafaelthegreat|<span style="color:white; font-weight: bold; background-color:red">'''Rafael'''</span>]] [[User:Rafaelthegreat|<span style="color:red; font-weight: bold; background-color:white">'''Hello!'''</span>]] 13:14, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Ternera|Ternera]]: The infobox adds the Wiktionary template. I actually just suppressed the one that the infobox adds and added it manually to improve the look of the page, even though the Wiktionary entry doesn't have anything that the article doesn't already have. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 16:32, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews == <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> :Hello Victoria, :thank you for the message. Not touching on the subject matter, are you aware that the text that you wrote is of a considerable difficulty, and likely far from what we would consider "Simple English". In that context would it not be likely that the main audience of this project will not understand what you write? - So when you do not get any feedback, this might be because of disinterest, but it might also be because of a failure to communicate with the target audience in a language they actually understand. Those are of course just my thoughts... [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 13:38, 28 June 2025 (UTC) == Writing a simple article on a drug == I have been working on this draft article [[User:Immanuelle/Pink cocaine]]. Are there specific rules or protocols around trying to write simple articles on this topic? I think I did a good job with the beginning. But the table and templates might need some simplification. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 16:24, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :There are no specific rules on articles such as this. Just write it as you would for any other topic. We're not censored so we can, and should, have articles on every notable topic. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 18:29, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::BTW: the article looks fine '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 18:32, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == RFC on paid editing as a CU == Folks on this project are invited to comment on a ongoing RFC on the compatibility of paid editing with CU permissions at [[meta:Requests for comment/Should paid editing as a CU be allowed|this page]]. [[User:Sohom Datta|Sohom]] ([[User talk:Sohom Datta|talk]]) 16:41, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Article title issue [[Kurdish-Yazidi uprising against the Safavids]] == [[Yazidis]] are an Kurdish speaking ethnoreligious group they are not [[Kurdish people]], the article title [[Kurdish-Yazidi uprising against the Safavids]] should be fixed it may mislead readers into thinking they are ethnically Kurdish. Thanks [[Special:Contributions/81.109.99.117|81.109.99.117]] ([[User talk:81.109.99.117|talk]]) 03:24, 1 July 2025 (UTC) :I have moved the page [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 08:07, 1 July 2025 (UTC) ::Agree. I hope that there will be subject experts fixing it. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 14:07, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == Can you please set this up here? == From [[:en:Wikipedia:New pages patrol]]: {{tq|New pages are not indexed by external search engines until they are patrolled.}} I really hope you can set this up on Simple English Wikipedia too. This was most recently discussed in April/May 2024 at [[Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive 159#Enabling noindex in article space]] with overwhelming support. [[Special:Contributions/96.65.201.81|96.65.201.81]] ([[User talk:96.65.201.81|talk]]) 19:44, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :I would definitely support this. It seems Eptalon was looking into it last year and there has been no update since then? [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 19:47, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ::I'd have to find the exact link for it but I believe someone either from WMF or on the technical side of things said they'd rather not change it, after that discussion finished. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:03, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 1vu004jy323to70ruzr2qsxky63k8tv 10368202 10368180 2025-07-02T20:18:41Z Fr33kman 15149 /* Handling AI articles */ Reply 10368202 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive %(counter)d |algo = old(10d) |counter = 169 |maxarchivesize = 125K |minthreadsleft = 5 }} {{Skip to top and bottom}} {{Please leave this line alone.}} <!-- Questions go here. Post new questions at the BOTTOM of the page. --> == Handling AI articles == Hiyas! I haven't been around as much as I'd like to, so may have missed a discussion on this (lmk if one has already happened). I came across [[Separatism in Russia]], an article [[Special:Diff/10343227|almost certainly written]] by a LLM with no/minimal human review. It doesn't fall under any of the existing QD criteria, but also isn't a traditional candidate for RfD as the topic is notable, just the content is bad (though is currently at RfD). Given the ease with which people can now generate large amounts of text that may be hiding LLM hallucinations...how should we be handling articles of this kind? I'd think about simply blanking and redirecting it to a relevant article with human-reviewed content, but that might be a bit too bold. Best, [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 01:01, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :Hiya. Yes, we have been discussing this topic. At first we considered QDing them as Complex articles under a proposed G13 criteria but that went nowhere. Now we tend to RfD them, although that obviously takes time and is one of the reasons we have so many RfDs. I'd advise you to read and comment on [[WP:AI]]. It's become quite a problem, one which we haven't yet figured out. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:10, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::^What Freekman said - we don't have an official way of handling these, Some people tag them under {{tl|AI-notice}} where they then simple sit and go forgotten about/rot for years to come, and others like myself just send them straight to RFD if the Enwiki article is too complex (I try where possible). –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 01:23, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :::I also agree with having a QD criterion, I can't remember what I said in the last discussion but I probably Opposed on the basis that "they could be rewritten/improved" however that theory has turned out to be wrong as they don't get improved or rewritten - they just sit dormant for years until someone randomly stumbles upon it :::So yes I support a QD criterion, Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 20:38, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::If anyone has any ideas, we can expand on it. I was thinking of making a section at RFD specifically for AI related page that act as [[:en:WP:PROD]] and the gets deleted if there is no improvement in a week. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 12:53, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :::I agree with the idea. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 15:07, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::{{re|Fr33kman}} Is 5 out of 99 RfDs (or 3 out of 109 RfDs at the time you commented) mentioning AI in the nomination or comments really a reason for so many RfDs? The data isn't adding up. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 21:01, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::I think the way forward is the QD option and from what I'm reading a few good others agree. There are a fair few other QD criteria that don't get used often but we have them as options. How many RfDs have we had since the AI thing became an issue? A lot of people have expressed a dislike of AI generated content. Perhaps it's a good idea to have a formal poll? '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 22:03, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::::{{re|Fr33kman}} The question was simply about whether it was one of the reasons it's that we have a massive backlog of RfDs, that you mentioned in your comment, which it is not based on the data. And QD criteria also need to be objective which has not been demonstrated here yet either. A4 is already heavily misused so why would it be a good idea to open us up to another potential criterion that is ''genuinely'' subjective and likely to be misused. The QD criterion feels like a solution looking for a problem, these articles ''will'' be deleted on-sight or within 7 days at RfD, why go against the fundamentals of our deletion policy for an issue that is affecting so few of our existing RfDs. No-one is doubting it is an issue but the scope of it is certainly up for debate and whether it needs such a drastic change in QD policy. Once someone talks about how we can make this an objective pass/fail criterion for QD like every single other one I will happily stop pushing back on this issue, but it's not possible which is why it hasn't been implemented yet. ::::And please, let's not formally "poll" the community, we work on consensus not polling &ndash; ''that'' is ironically something we need to fix in our RfDs with people making such poor baseless arguments or none at all that consensus is more difficult/controversial to determine, prolonging RfD closures and increasing the backlog in the process. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:42, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::::You say "these articles will be deleted on-sight": how will they be deleted on sight without a QD criteria? They will only be deleted after an RfD. I think everyone is on the same page in that we all want them to be deleted, it's just a matter of how. Right now, as I see it, most people who have commented agree with the QD option. I do agree that it is not as objective as we would like. I'm not sure how to address that. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:33, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::I think there are differing opinions so maybe it's time we list the options and see what most people agree to. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 23:38, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::I totally agree '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 16:53, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :::::Our inability to objectively know if something is AI-written does not negate the possibility of a QD criteria. There are going to be very obvious AI articles, and less obvious ones, and it's not necessary that all be strictly classifiable for a QD criteria to be useful. It's possible that some can be deleted as hoaxes, but I do think a well-worded QD criteria would be helpful in dealing with these articles. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 14:12, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::I agree. We could use G13 for obvious AI articles and RfD when we aren't sure. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 16:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *I'd personally prefer to have clearly AI generated content straight deleted. We can't just go with A3, as the articles aren't copied over from another wiki. However, complex articles with possible false information damaged the reputation of the project. I'd support the G13 reason. I'm yet not very worried about AI usage in discussions. If that becomes a wider problem, we can talk about it again. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 15:01, 20 June 2025 (UTC) *What about introducing another QD criterion? - "The article was likely generated automatically, and has not been reviewed by a human edutor"? - AI can be helpful, but such articles at least need a rewview.--[[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 10:11, 21 June 2025 (UTC) *:That's essentially the idea behind G13 '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:17, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :I think at this point, this problem isn't going away and a QD criteria for it would be suitable. I don't think discussing each one gains us much and simply wastes time at AfD which is already severely missing '''[[User:Lee Vilenski|<span style="color:green">Lee Vilenski</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Lee Vilenski|talk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Lee Vilenski|contribs]])</sup>''' 10:55, 21 June 2025 (UTC) :I agree with a new QD criterion. I'm generally uneasy about a PROD/RfD approach because improving LLM-generated articles means we possibly keep their output in revision history or in the article itself. The issue here is twofold — first, we may keep unverified or incorrect text; second, we cannot be assured that it is not a copyvio. Here is an example of the latter: [[:File:Using LLMs to write Wikipedia content.pdf]] (aside: by AI standards, this is an eternity ago — but I suspect the tools most people have access to are not SOTA nor particularly more advanced than the example). My understanding is also that the copyright status of LLM-generated text is not definite in the United States. In other words, if the text is already problematic and unworkable, we may as well QD it. [[User talk:Hiàn#top|Hiàn]] 02:21, 24 June 2025 (UTC) *Handling these articles with QD is of course the most appealing way to do it and that's why it's what everyone wants but QD involves objective criteria. I don't think anyone wants these articles to stick about but we already have issues with admins handling claims to notability and that is an objective thing. How do we call something objectively AI-generated - articles on enwiki are described as ''likely'' containing AI-generated content, because we just don't know for certain - ie it's not a pass/fail criterion like every other QD criterion. Do we base it on GPTZero score/likelihood? That is what is different about this compared to other issues and why we need to have a slightly different approach instead of just a new criterion which in its previous form which will cause issues. Personally I say expand A3 to address more complex content. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:46, 29 June 2025 (UTC) *:I have a micro-essay on the issues of AI-generated articles here, and why it is a difficult one to just "solve" with a QD criterion: [[User:Ferien/AI]] --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:51, 29 June 2025 (UTC) *:While I understand your point, I would disagree with expanding A3 for two reasons: *:The first being that changing A3 to fit "complexity" is not possible. The definition of "complexity" is far more subjective than any definition of what is AI, at which point such subjectivity requires an RFD. *:My second issue is that, in the future, it will likely become easier for LLMs to create simple-sounding text, while continuing to be unencyclopedic, meaning that A3 would not necessarily apply to them anymore. *:As AI advances, LLMs will write differently. While it currently struggles to write simple text in an encyclopedic tone without having problems, I suspect that these issues will present themselves differently in the future. Expanding A3 to fit our current definition of the problems of AI today will be obsolete in the future. *:While I am not active in such topics in SEWP, I don't think AI false positives have ever been an issue in SEWP, and such articles are usually very-easily identifiable (see [[WP:DUCK]]). Even in the case of false positives, articles that are so bad that people mistake them for AI should be deleted or TNTed anyway. I would therefore support a new QD criterion. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 01:36, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::I would also use a term like 'automatically-generated'. In the end, AI is just a tool. We care what the article looks like, and we see it has certain deficiencies. What tools were used to make the article are irrelevant. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 07:07, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::Indeed, I should have said A3 expansion would be only one of the things I would actually want to do to address it. Complexity can be pretty objective though, based on whether it contains complex vocabulary not in BE 1500, longer sentences etc which is why it already exists - enwp copies that aren't complex are often declined for A3. I also think we may reach a point where AI-generated articles end up being completely unproblematic and it is difficult to determine which article is AI and which one is not. We are definitely not at that stage yet tho. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:47, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :"'''Seems like''' [[slop|A.I.-slop]]": I think that we should should 'start' with using that '''justification''', in regard to '''RfD '''/AfD.--Before we even consider using that [[soundbyte]] as a 'QD justification', then we should gain experience in ''''much '''use' of 'RfD justification': ''Seems like-A.I. slop''. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|talk]]) 14:01, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *A suggestion for a wording in the form of a deletion criterion - of course based on my personal opinions that a QD criterion could not work in the traditional way but trying to account for fast deletion that gets rid of these quicker than any RfD and the clear majority opinion here. Any feedback would be appreciated. **13. '''Obviously contains AI-generated content''': Pages very likely generated by a [[large language model]] (LLM) and recommended for deletion by at least two editors. *This should be relatively easy to technically implement, where two signatures/users go into the QD template here. So one user nominates then another approves. This is a bit like the PROD idea but faster. Given how closely CAT:QD is monitored, the second user should be quite easy to get, and could maybe be done by passing admins in QD. We could also have a category for QD alone with AI-gen'd contnet? Thoughts? --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:47, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *:I've started [[User:Ferien/AI-QD]] with the ability to add an editor2 - simply added by adding <code>|editor2=(User)</code> onto the template. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 15:09, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *:I really like this idea — seems like a good balance between an admin-discretion QD and a week-long RfD. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 15:17, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *:"'''Seems like''' ...", is better than '''Obvious'''.--After all, if things really were obvious, then QD could have taken care of everything. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|talk]]) 15:56, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::I'm afraid I don't understand your comment. QD is designed to take the quick easy (obvious) cases whereas RfD has always been for those that are up for debate. If we change the criterion to "Seems like it contains AI-generated content" then it's up for debate. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:27, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *:::What about something simple like "Contains AI generated content" for obvious cases such as those that refer directly to LLM or other straightforward cases and RfD for the others? I know there will always be some that require a subjective test but I think we are also trying to avoid cases where the RfD outcome would essentially be a case of SNOW. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 14:58, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *:I would support having AIQDs exist in a separate category. I would also recommend making this template physically distinct from a QD template, just as a RFD template is different from a QD template. Perhaps orange? *:My other question is would this be easily addable to Twinkle? I can imagine pressing G13 on the twinkle page, then if there is already a QD template there, it adds your signature. If there are two signatures, perhaps the template becomes red again, and then is moved from a theoretical AIQD to QD. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 17:08, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::Bad idea, to have to persons + one person doing a QD, with a '''subjective''' justification.--It is likely '''better '''to start with RfD /AfD, that have "'''snow''' close", after six days, or 5 days, or 4, or 3, or ... .--These 'fast-track' thingies '''mentioned''', are in regard to "Seems like A.I.-slop". [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2|talk]]) 22:29, 30 June 2025 (UTC) /2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784 *::I like that idea for templates, might be easier to technically implement actually as we already have a function on Twinkle that allows admins to replace a QD with an RfD if they initiate one. There's also the prod and endorsed prod templates on en that could serve as inspiration. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:29, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *:::So where are we at so far. I think we have a consensus for the obvious cases regarding your suggestion of two users. Would that be meaning that the deleting admin is not one of the two? '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:18, 2 July 2025 (UTC) == I cant make an account! == Hi! Can you help? I cant make an account. It says i "session hijacked". Please help. (im on a Samsung smart tv) '''Thanks!''' --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 09:31, 21 June 2025 (UTC) :Please answer --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 08:05, 22 June 2025 (UTC) ::I'd recommend trying to make an account on another device. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:04, 2 July 2025 (UTC) == Nonsense page == Hi. Theres a new page called "[[Don Davies]]" and all it says is a spam of "Pierre Poilievere" in bold. --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 10:10, 22 June 2025 (UTC)! :Took care of it. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 10:12, 22 June 2025 (UTC) == Vandals == How can i help fight vandalism? Its hard --[[Special:Contributions/112.204.167.209|112.204.167.209]] ([[User talk:112.204.167.209|talk]]) 14:09, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :no My IP changed! --[[Special:Contributions/112.204.167.209|112.204.167.209]] ([[User talk:112.204.167.209|talk]]) 14:11, 22 June 2025 (UTC) == Personal attack question == Would it be a personal attack to say one user is probably a sockpuppet of someone else? [[Special:Contributions/71.236.131.237|71.236.131.237]] ([[User talk:71.236.131.237|talk]]) 17:30, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :If you have a reasonable suspicion - no. However, if it is a "blind" accusation without any evidence, then I advise against making such accusations. [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 19:16, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :I don’t think it is a personal attack. Now, I would suggest providing more evidence to make your case for a connection. I restored your comment so that MathXplorer can judge for themselves. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 19:17, 22 June 2025 (UTC) ::Hello, if you have a suspicion, you can crete a request on [[:WP:RFCU|this page]]. One of the checkusers will then look into the matter, and perform the relevantchecks. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 04:29, 23 June 2025 (UTC) == How do I make this draft better? == I wrote a draft here [[User:Immanuelle/Kabe_Island]] and I feel like it is badly written. Do you have suggestions? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 22:12, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]]: Hi, Immanuelle. Since you had said in the past that you didn't mind people editing your drafts, I just did some cleanup and simplifying on this one. Feel free to revert if you want. :The main thing I see is that the language needs to be simplified, mostly by breaking sentences into smaller pieces. I find it helps to think about our target audience, people whose English is not advanced. They might be trying to understand one sentence at a time, so it helps them to keep the sentences short. One rule of thumb about this is to have only one subject and verb in a sentence, but it goes beyond that. Take a look at the ones I shortened, and see if you understand why I did it in each case. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:03, 24 June 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] I hope you are happy with what I did there. I have another one that I really like but I am very afraid is too complicated right here [[User:Immanuelle/Kumano_Gongen]] [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 20:56, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::Did you mean to remove the categories? -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 21:52, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] I did becase all the categories were redlinks. But I forgot to add new categories. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 21:57, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Some other things I see: ::::*The infobox has a lot of invalid parameters ::::*The Ill template link to your userspace should be removed ::::-- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:01, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::::What about [[User:Immanuelle/Kumano_Gongen]] now? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 22:05, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::It's in a couple of maintenance categories. You could do something to resolve those. ::::::It's usually considered good practice with infoboxes to put one parameter per line. It's not required, but it makes it easier to see the code. ::::::The Commons boxes should go at the top of the other websites section. ::::::A couple of statements in the lead have a lot of references with them. I'd cut it down by a lot. If that removes links that you still want in the article, you could put them in the other websites section. ::::::The Origins and Beliefs about the Three Mountains sections could have some of their sentences combined into paragraphs instead of each being on a separate line. ::::::The big table is in the Beliefs about the Three Mountains section. Does it need its own heading? ::::::Just my thoughts. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:30, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] Is your suggestion to merge in the headings like I did earlier? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 23:28, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::@[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]]: I'm not sure what you mean. Which earlier change are you referring to? -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:02, 26 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] the last edit. Sorry worded that badly. Do you think the current version is better structured? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 00:05, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == What to do about Slowking4's athlete articles? == {{User|Slowking4}} created hundreds of stub articles on athletes, particularly women's volleyball, water polo, and rugby players. Here are some example articles: [[Sarah Chobot]], [[Sarah Pattison]], [[Sarah Landry]], [[Wang Fengjiao]], and [[Valeriya Rylova]]. For the most part, they are formulaic stubs that have a source or two that are databases or rosters. They are mostly orphaned articles and don't exist on other wikis as well. There is never likely to be expansion of them. Most have never competed at the Olympics. I made two batch RFDs for a few articles earlier this month ([[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Slowking volleyball D]] and [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Slowking water polo D]]) both of which resulted in SOFTDELETE as there was no further input. How do we best address these articles? I feel like a bunch of batch RFDs will be tedious and clog RFD. How do we best handle these articles? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 14:37, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :I'd say creating a list and requesting deletion in smaller batches might be a good idea. They do have a bunch of socks though so the list of pages might be quite bigger considering that. I have made a list at [[User:BRPever/test1]]-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 14:55, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :I will try running some query to see if I can narrow the list to pages that are not linked to enwiki pages via wikidata. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:07, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] I have narrowed the list down to ~400 pages by removing pages with links to dewiki, frwiki and enwiki, and it seems this list mostly include pages without any significant coverage. I think this will be a good starting point to work from.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:30, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for compiling this list. Want me to copy it into my user space so you don't need to maintain it? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 17:28, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::Please feel free to copy it. :) --[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 23:24, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Copied it over to my space; thanks for the help! [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:35, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == Feedback == Please give me some feedback on my article [[Raphael (given name)]]. [[User:Rafaelthegreat|Rafaelthegreat]] ([[User talk:Rafaelthegreat|talk]]) 15:14, 26 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Rafaelthegreat|Rafaelthegreat]], welcome to the Simple Wikipedia. I took a look at your article and have a few tips for you. First, it's important to always include sources when you are writing an article. You may want to read [[WP:V]] for more information. It also would be considered a "stub" or short article, so I have tagged it as such. I do like how you included the template to show that the Simple English Wiktionary has a definition for the name. You're on a good track and I encourage you to continue writing! [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 12:59, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks. I am pretty new here. I am usually on the English Wikipedia. [[User:Rafaelthegreat|<span style="color:white; font-weight: bold; background-color:red">'''Rafael'''</span>]] [[User:Rafaelthegreat|<span style="color:red; font-weight: bold; background-color:white">'''Hello!'''</span>]] 13:14, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Ternera|Ternera]]: The infobox adds the Wiktionary template. I actually just suppressed the one that the infobox adds and added it manually to improve the look of the page, even though the Wiktionary entry doesn't have anything that the article doesn't already have. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 16:32, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews == <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> :Hello Victoria, :thank you for the message. Not touching on the subject matter, are you aware that the text that you wrote is of a considerable difficulty, and likely far from what we would consider "Simple English". In that context would it not be likely that the main audience of this project will not understand what you write? - So when you do not get any feedback, this might be because of disinterest, but it might also be because of a failure to communicate with the target audience in a language they actually understand. Those are of course just my thoughts... [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 13:38, 28 June 2025 (UTC) == Writing a simple article on a drug == I have been working on this draft article [[User:Immanuelle/Pink cocaine]]. Are there specific rules or protocols around trying to write simple articles on this topic? I think I did a good job with the beginning. But the table and templates might need some simplification. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 16:24, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :There are no specific rules on articles such as this. Just write it as you would for any other topic. We're not censored so we can, and should, have articles on every notable topic. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 18:29, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::BTW: the article looks fine '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 18:32, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == RFC on paid editing as a CU == Folks on this project are invited to comment on a ongoing RFC on the compatibility of paid editing with CU permissions at [[meta:Requests for comment/Should paid editing as a CU be allowed|this page]]. [[User:Sohom Datta|Sohom]] ([[User talk:Sohom Datta|talk]]) 16:41, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Article title issue [[Kurdish-Yazidi uprising against the Safavids]] == [[Yazidis]] are an Kurdish speaking ethnoreligious group they are not [[Kurdish people]], the article title [[Kurdish-Yazidi uprising against the Safavids]] should be fixed it may mislead readers into thinking they are ethnically Kurdish. Thanks [[Special:Contributions/81.109.99.117|81.109.99.117]] ([[User talk:81.109.99.117|talk]]) 03:24, 1 July 2025 (UTC) :I have moved the page [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 08:07, 1 July 2025 (UTC) ::Agree. I hope that there will be subject experts fixing it. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 14:07, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == Can you please set this up here? == From [[:en:Wikipedia:New pages patrol]]: {{tq|New pages are not indexed by external search engines until they are patrolled.}} I really hope you can set this up on Simple English Wikipedia too. This was most recently discussed in April/May 2024 at [[Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive 159#Enabling noindex in article space]] with overwhelming support. [[Special:Contributions/96.65.201.81|96.65.201.81]] ([[User talk:96.65.201.81|talk]]) 19:44, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :I would definitely support this. It seems Eptalon was looking into it last year and there has been no update since then? [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 19:47, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ::I'd have to find the exact link for it but I believe someone either from WMF or on the technical side of things said they'd rather not change it, after that discussion finished. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:03, 2 July 2025 (UTC) desfa4la4webp68161tth4cx48kuhd7 10368218 10368202 2025-07-02T20:27:28Z Fr33kman 15149 /* Handling AI articles */ Reply 10368218 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive %(counter)d |algo = old(10d) |counter = 169 |maxarchivesize = 125K |minthreadsleft = 5 }} {{Skip to top and bottom}} {{Please leave this line alone.}} <!-- Questions go here. Post new questions at the BOTTOM of the page. --> == Handling AI articles == Hiyas! I haven't been around as much as I'd like to, so may have missed a discussion on this (lmk if one has already happened). I came across [[Separatism in Russia]], an article [[Special:Diff/10343227|almost certainly written]] by a LLM with no/minimal human review. It doesn't fall under any of the existing QD criteria, but also isn't a traditional candidate for RfD as the topic is notable, just the content is bad (though is currently at RfD). Given the ease with which people can now generate large amounts of text that may be hiding LLM hallucinations...how should we be handling articles of this kind? I'd think about simply blanking and redirecting it to a relevant article with human-reviewed content, but that might be a bit too bold. Best, [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 01:01, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :Hiya. Yes, we have been discussing this topic. At first we considered QDing them as Complex articles under a proposed G13 criteria but that went nowhere. Now we tend to RfD them, although that obviously takes time and is one of the reasons we have so many RfDs. I'd advise you to read and comment on [[WP:AI]]. It's become quite a problem, one which we haven't yet figured out. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:10, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::^What Freekman said - we don't have an official way of handling these, Some people tag them under {{tl|AI-notice}} where they then simple sit and go forgotten about/rot for years to come, and others like myself just send them straight to RFD if the Enwiki article is too complex (I try where possible). –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 01:23, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :::I also agree with having a QD criterion, I can't remember what I said in the last discussion but I probably Opposed on the basis that "they could be rewritten/improved" however that theory has turned out to be wrong as they don't get improved or rewritten - they just sit dormant for years until someone randomly stumbles upon it :::So yes I support a QD criterion, Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 20:38, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::If anyone has any ideas, we can expand on it. I was thinking of making a section at RFD specifically for AI related page that act as [[:en:WP:PROD]] and the gets deleted if there is no improvement in a week. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 12:53, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :::I agree with the idea. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 15:07, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::{{re|Fr33kman}} Is 5 out of 99 RfDs (or 3 out of 109 RfDs at the time you commented) mentioning AI in the nomination or comments really a reason for so many RfDs? The data isn't adding up. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 21:01, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::I think the way forward is the QD option and from what I'm reading a few good others agree. There are a fair few other QD criteria that don't get used often but we have them as options. How many RfDs have we had since the AI thing became an issue? A lot of people have expressed a dislike of AI generated content. Perhaps it's a good idea to have a formal poll? '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 22:03, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::::{{re|Fr33kman}} The question was simply about whether it was one of the reasons it's that we have a massive backlog of RfDs, that you mentioned in your comment, which it is not based on the data. And QD criteria also need to be objective which has not been demonstrated here yet either. A4 is already heavily misused so why would it be a good idea to open us up to another potential criterion that is ''genuinely'' subjective and likely to be misused. The QD criterion feels like a solution looking for a problem, these articles ''will'' be deleted on-sight or within 7 days at RfD, why go against the fundamentals of our deletion policy for an issue that is affecting so few of our existing RfDs. No-one is doubting it is an issue but the scope of it is certainly up for debate and whether it needs such a drastic change in QD policy. Once someone talks about how we can make this an objective pass/fail criterion for QD like every single other one I will happily stop pushing back on this issue, but it's not possible which is why it hasn't been implemented yet. ::::And please, let's not formally "poll" the community, we work on consensus not polling &ndash; ''that'' is ironically something we need to fix in our RfDs with people making such poor baseless arguments or none at all that consensus is more difficult/controversial to determine, prolonging RfD closures and increasing the backlog in the process. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:42, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::::You say "these articles will be deleted on-sight": how will they be deleted on sight without a QD criteria? They will only be deleted after an RfD. I think everyone is on the same page in that we all want them to be deleted, it's just a matter of how. Right now, as I see it, most people who have commented agree with the QD option. I do agree that it is not as objective as we would like. I'm not sure how to address that. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:33, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::I think there are differing opinions so maybe it's time we list the options and see what most people agree to. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 23:38, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::I totally agree '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 16:53, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :::::Our inability to objectively know if something is AI-written does not negate the possibility of a QD criteria. There are going to be very obvious AI articles, and less obvious ones, and it's not necessary that all be strictly classifiable for a QD criteria to be useful. It's possible that some can be deleted as hoaxes, but I do think a well-worded QD criteria would be helpful in dealing with these articles. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 14:12, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::I agree. We could use G13 for obvious AI articles and RfD when we aren't sure. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 16:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *I'd personally prefer to have clearly AI generated content straight deleted. We can't just go with A3, as the articles aren't copied over from another wiki. However, complex articles with possible false information damaged the reputation of the project. I'd support the G13 reason. I'm yet not very worried about AI usage in discussions. If that becomes a wider problem, we can talk about it again. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 15:01, 20 June 2025 (UTC) *What about introducing another QD criterion? - "The article was likely generated automatically, and has not been reviewed by a human edutor"? - AI can be helpful, but such articles at least need a rewview.--[[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 10:11, 21 June 2025 (UTC) *:That's essentially the idea behind G13 '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:17, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :I think at this point, this problem isn't going away and a QD criteria for it would be suitable. I don't think discussing each one gains us much and simply wastes time at AfD which is already severely missing '''[[User:Lee Vilenski|<span style="color:green">Lee Vilenski</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Lee Vilenski|talk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Lee Vilenski|contribs]])</sup>''' 10:55, 21 June 2025 (UTC) :I agree with a new QD criterion. I'm generally uneasy about a PROD/RfD approach because improving LLM-generated articles means we possibly keep their output in revision history or in the article itself. The issue here is twofold — first, we may keep unverified or incorrect text; second, we cannot be assured that it is not a copyvio. Here is an example of the latter: [[:File:Using LLMs to write Wikipedia content.pdf]] (aside: by AI standards, this is an eternity ago — but I suspect the tools most people have access to are not SOTA nor particularly more advanced than the example). My understanding is also that the copyright status of LLM-generated text is not definite in the United States. In other words, if the text is already problematic and unworkable, we may as well QD it. [[User talk:Hiàn#top|Hiàn]] 02:21, 24 June 2025 (UTC) *Handling these articles with QD is of course the most appealing way to do it and that's why it's what everyone wants but QD involves objective criteria. I don't think anyone wants these articles to stick about but we already have issues with admins handling claims to notability and that is an objective thing. How do we call something objectively AI-generated - articles on enwiki are described as ''likely'' containing AI-generated content, because we just don't know for certain - ie it's not a pass/fail criterion like every other QD criterion. Do we base it on GPTZero score/likelihood? That is what is different about this compared to other issues and why we need to have a slightly different approach instead of just a new criterion which in its previous form which will cause issues. Personally I say expand A3 to address more complex content. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:46, 29 June 2025 (UTC) *:I have a micro-essay on the issues of AI-generated articles here, and why it is a difficult one to just "solve" with a QD criterion: [[User:Ferien/AI]] --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:51, 29 June 2025 (UTC) *:While I understand your point, I would disagree with expanding A3 for two reasons: *:The first being that changing A3 to fit "complexity" is not possible. The definition of "complexity" is far more subjective than any definition of what is AI, at which point such subjectivity requires an RFD. *:My second issue is that, in the future, it will likely become easier for LLMs to create simple-sounding text, while continuing to be unencyclopedic, meaning that A3 would not necessarily apply to them anymore. *:As AI advances, LLMs will write differently. While it currently struggles to write simple text in an encyclopedic tone without having problems, I suspect that these issues will present themselves differently in the future. Expanding A3 to fit our current definition of the problems of AI today will be obsolete in the future. *:While I am not active in such topics in SEWP, I don't think AI false positives have ever been an issue in SEWP, and such articles are usually very-easily identifiable (see [[WP:DUCK]]). Even in the case of false positives, articles that are so bad that people mistake them for AI should be deleted or TNTed anyway. I would therefore support a new QD criterion. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 01:36, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::I would also use a term like 'automatically-generated'. In the end, AI is just a tool. We care what the article looks like, and we see it has certain deficiencies. What tools were used to make the article are irrelevant. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 07:07, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::Indeed, I should have said A3 expansion would be only one of the things I would actually want to do to address it. Complexity can be pretty objective though, based on whether it contains complex vocabulary not in BE 1500, longer sentences etc which is why it already exists - enwp copies that aren't complex are often declined for A3. I also think we may reach a point where AI-generated articles end up being completely unproblematic and it is difficult to determine which article is AI and which one is not. We are definitely not at that stage yet tho. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:47, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :"'''Seems like''' [[slop|A.I.-slop]]": I think that we should should 'start' with using that '''justification''', in regard to '''RfD '''/AfD.--Before we even consider using that [[soundbyte]] as a 'QD justification', then we should gain experience in ''''much '''use' of 'RfD justification': ''Seems like-A.I. slop''. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|talk]]) 14:01, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *A suggestion for a wording in the form of a deletion criterion - of course based on my personal opinions that a QD criterion could not work in the traditional way but trying to account for fast deletion that gets rid of these quicker than any RfD and the clear majority opinion here. Any feedback would be appreciated. **13. '''Obviously contains AI-generated content''': Pages very likely generated by a [[large language model]] (LLM) and recommended for deletion by at least two editors. *This should be relatively easy to technically implement, where two signatures/users go into the QD template here. So one user nominates then another approves. This is a bit like the PROD idea but faster. Given how closely CAT:QD is monitored, the second user should be quite easy to get, and could maybe be done by passing admins in QD. We could also have a category for QD alone with AI-gen'd contnet? Thoughts? --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:47, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *:I've started [[User:Ferien/AI-QD]] with the ability to add an editor2 - simply added by adding <code>|editor2=(User)</code> onto the template. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 15:09, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *:I really like this idea — seems like a good balance between an admin-discretion QD and a week-long RfD. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 15:17, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::Agreed '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:27, 2 July 2025 (UTC) *:"'''Seems like''' ...", is better than '''Obvious'''.--After all, if things really were obvious, then QD could have taken care of everything. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|talk]]) 15:56, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::I'm afraid I don't understand your comment. QD is designed to take the quick easy (obvious) cases whereas RfD has always been for those that are up for debate. If we change the criterion to "Seems like it contains AI-generated content" then it's up for debate. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:27, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *:::What about something simple like "Contains AI generated content" for obvious cases such as those that refer directly to LLM or other straightforward cases and RfD for the others? I know there will always be some that require a subjective test but I think we are also trying to avoid cases where the RfD outcome would essentially be a case of SNOW. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 14:58, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *:I would support having AIQDs exist in a separate category. I would also recommend making this template physically distinct from a QD template, just as a RFD template is different from a QD template. Perhaps orange? *:My other question is would this be easily addable to Twinkle? I can imagine pressing G13 on the twinkle page, then if there is already a QD template there, it adds your signature. If there are two signatures, perhaps the template becomes red again, and then is moved from a theoretical AIQD to QD. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 17:08, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::Bad idea, to have to persons + one person doing a QD, with a '''subjective''' justification.--It is likely '''better '''to start with RfD /AfD, that have "'''snow''' close", after six days, or 5 days, or 4, or 3, or ... .--These 'fast-track' thingies '''mentioned''', are in regard to "Seems like A.I.-slop". [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2|talk]]) 22:29, 30 June 2025 (UTC) /2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784 *::I like that idea for templates, might be easier to technically implement actually as we already have a function on Twinkle that allows admins to replace a QD with an RfD if they initiate one. There's also the prod and endorsed prod templates on en that could serve as inspiration. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:29, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *:::So where are we at so far. I think we have a consensus for the obvious cases regarding your suggestion of two users. Would that be meaning that the deleting admin is not one of the two? '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:18, 2 July 2025 (UTC) == I cant make an account! == Hi! Can you help? I cant make an account. It says i "session hijacked". Please help. (im on a Samsung smart tv) '''Thanks!''' --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 09:31, 21 June 2025 (UTC) :Please answer --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 08:05, 22 June 2025 (UTC) ::I'd recommend trying to make an account on another device. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:04, 2 July 2025 (UTC) == Nonsense page == Hi. Theres a new page called "[[Don Davies]]" and all it says is a spam of "Pierre Poilievere" in bold. --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 10:10, 22 June 2025 (UTC)! :Took care of it. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 10:12, 22 June 2025 (UTC) == Vandals == How can i help fight vandalism? Its hard --[[Special:Contributions/112.204.167.209|112.204.167.209]] ([[User talk:112.204.167.209|talk]]) 14:09, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :no My IP changed! --[[Special:Contributions/112.204.167.209|112.204.167.209]] ([[User talk:112.204.167.209|talk]]) 14:11, 22 June 2025 (UTC) == Personal attack question == Would it be a personal attack to say one user is probably a sockpuppet of someone else? [[Special:Contributions/71.236.131.237|71.236.131.237]] ([[User talk:71.236.131.237|talk]]) 17:30, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :If you have a reasonable suspicion - no. However, if it is a "blind" accusation without any evidence, then I advise against making such accusations. [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 19:16, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :I don’t think it is a personal attack. Now, I would suggest providing more evidence to make your case for a connection. I restored your comment so that MathXplorer can judge for themselves. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 19:17, 22 June 2025 (UTC) ::Hello, if you have a suspicion, you can crete a request on [[:WP:RFCU|this page]]. One of the checkusers will then look into the matter, and perform the relevantchecks. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 04:29, 23 June 2025 (UTC) == How do I make this draft better? == I wrote a draft here [[User:Immanuelle/Kabe_Island]] and I feel like it is badly written. Do you have suggestions? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 22:12, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]]: Hi, Immanuelle. Since you had said in the past that you didn't mind people editing your drafts, I just did some cleanup and simplifying on this one. Feel free to revert if you want. :The main thing I see is that the language needs to be simplified, mostly by breaking sentences into smaller pieces. I find it helps to think about our target audience, people whose English is not advanced. They might be trying to understand one sentence at a time, so it helps them to keep the sentences short. One rule of thumb about this is to have only one subject and verb in a sentence, but it goes beyond that. Take a look at the ones I shortened, and see if you understand why I did it in each case. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:03, 24 June 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] I hope you are happy with what I did there. I have another one that I really like but I am very afraid is too complicated right here [[User:Immanuelle/Kumano_Gongen]] [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 20:56, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::Did you mean to remove the categories? -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 21:52, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] I did becase all the categories were redlinks. But I forgot to add new categories. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 21:57, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Some other things I see: ::::*The infobox has a lot of invalid parameters ::::*The Ill template link to your userspace should be removed ::::-- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:01, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::::What about [[User:Immanuelle/Kumano_Gongen]] now? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 22:05, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::It's in a couple of maintenance categories. You could do something to resolve those. ::::::It's usually considered good practice with infoboxes to put one parameter per line. It's not required, but it makes it easier to see the code. ::::::The Commons boxes should go at the top of the other websites section. ::::::A couple of statements in the lead have a lot of references with them. I'd cut it down by a lot. If that removes links that you still want in the article, you could put them in the other websites section. ::::::The Origins and Beliefs about the Three Mountains sections could have some of their sentences combined into paragraphs instead of each being on a separate line. ::::::The big table is in the Beliefs about the Three Mountains section. Does it need its own heading? ::::::Just my thoughts. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:30, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] Is your suggestion to merge in the headings like I did earlier? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 23:28, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::@[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]]: I'm not sure what you mean. Which earlier change are you referring to? -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:02, 26 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] the last edit. Sorry worded that badly. Do you think the current version is better structured? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 00:05, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == What to do about Slowking4's athlete articles? == {{User|Slowking4}} created hundreds of stub articles on athletes, particularly women's volleyball, water polo, and rugby players. Here are some example articles: [[Sarah Chobot]], [[Sarah Pattison]], [[Sarah Landry]], [[Wang Fengjiao]], and [[Valeriya Rylova]]. For the most part, they are formulaic stubs that have a source or two that are databases or rosters. They are mostly orphaned articles and don't exist on other wikis as well. There is never likely to be expansion of them. Most have never competed at the Olympics. I made two batch RFDs for a few articles earlier this month ([[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Slowking volleyball D]] and [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Slowking water polo D]]) both of which resulted in SOFTDELETE as there was no further input. How do we best address these articles? I feel like a bunch of batch RFDs will be tedious and clog RFD. How do we best handle these articles? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 14:37, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :I'd say creating a list and requesting deletion in smaller batches might be a good idea. They do have a bunch of socks though so the list of pages might be quite bigger considering that. I have made a list at [[User:BRPever/test1]]-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 14:55, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :I will try running some query to see if I can narrow the list to pages that are not linked to enwiki pages via wikidata. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:07, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] I have narrowed the list down to ~400 pages by removing pages with links to dewiki, frwiki and enwiki, and it seems this list mostly include pages without any significant coverage. I think this will be a good starting point to work from.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:30, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for compiling this list. Want me to copy it into my user space so you don't need to maintain it? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 17:28, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::Please feel free to copy it. :) --[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 23:24, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Copied it over to my space; thanks for the help! [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:35, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == Feedback == Please give me some feedback on my article [[Raphael (given name)]]. [[User:Rafaelthegreat|Rafaelthegreat]] ([[User talk:Rafaelthegreat|talk]]) 15:14, 26 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Rafaelthegreat|Rafaelthegreat]], welcome to the Simple Wikipedia. I took a look at your article and have a few tips for you. First, it's important to always include sources when you are writing an article. You may want to read [[WP:V]] for more information. It also would be considered a "stub" or short article, so I have tagged it as such. I do like how you included the template to show that the Simple English Wiktionary has a definition for the name. You're on a good track and I encourage you to continue writing! [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 12:59, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks. I am pretty new here. I am usually on the English Wikipedia. [[User:Rafaelthegreat|<span style="color:white; font-weight: bold; background-color:red">'''Rafael'''</span>]] [[User:Rafaelthegreat|<span style="color:red; font-weight: bold; background-color:white">'''Hello!'''</span>]] 13:14, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Ternera|Ternera]]: The infobox adds the Wiktionary template. I actually just suppressed the one that the infobox adds and added it manually to improve the look of the page, even though the Wiktionary entry doesn't have anything that the article doesn't already have. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 16:32, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews == <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> :Hello Victoria, :thank you for the message. Not touching on the subject matter, are you aware that the text that you wrote is of a considerable difficulty, and likely far from what we would consider "Simple English". In that context would it not be likely that the main audience of this project will not understand what you write? - So when you do not get any feedback, this might be because of disinterest, but it might also be because of a failure to communicate with the target audience in a language they actually understand. Those are of course just my thoughts... [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 13:38, 28 June 2025 (UTC) == Writing a simple article on a drug == I have been working on this draft article [[User:Immanuelle/Pink cocaine]]. Are there specific rules or protocols around trying to write simple articles on this topic? I think I did a good job with the beginning. But the table and templates might need some simplification. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 16:24, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :There are no specific rules on articles such as this. Just write it as you would for any other topic. We're not censored so we can, and should, have articles on every notable topic. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 18:29, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::BTW: the article looks fine '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 18:32, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == RFC on paid editing as a CU == Folks on this project are invited to comment on a ongoing RFC on the compatibility of paid editing with CU permissions at [[meta:Requests for comment/Should paid editing as a CU be allowed|this page]]. [[User:Sohom Datta|Sohom]] ([[User talk:Sohom Datta|talk]]) 16:41, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Article title issue [[Kurdish-Yazidi uprising against the Safavids]] == [[Yazidis]] are an Kurdish speaking ethnoreligious group they are not [[Kurdish people]], the article title [[Kurdish-Yazidi uprising against the Safavids]] should be fixed it may mislead readers into thinking they are ethnically Kurdish. Thanks [[Special:Contributions/81.109.99.117|81.109.99.117]] ([[User talk:81.109.99.117|talk]]) 03:24, 1 July 2025 (UTC) :I have moved the page [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 08:07, 1 July 2025 (UTC) ::Agree. I hope that there will be subject experts fixing it. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 14:07, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == Can you please set this up here? == From [[:en:Wikipedia:New pages patrol]]: {{tq|New pages are not indexed by external search engines until they are patrolled.}} I really hope you can set this up on Simple English Wikipedia too. This was most recently discussed in April/May 2024 at [[Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive 159#Enabling noindex in article space]] with overwhelming support. [[Special:Contributions/96.65.201.81|96.65.201.81]] ([[User talk:96.65.201.81|talk]]) 19:44, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :I would definitely support this. It seems Eptalon was looking into it last year and there has been no update since then? [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 19:47, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ::I'd have to find the exact link for it but I believe someone either from WMF or on the technical side of things said they'd rather not change it, after that discussion finished. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:03, 2 July 2025 (UTC) hx0v91wcqoq309u5xt2mq3cn55ztzxs 10368221 10368218 2025-07-02T20:29:32Z Ferien 1011873 /* Handling AI articles */ Reply 10368221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive %(counter)d |algo = old(10d) |counter = 169 |maxarchivesize = 125K |minthreadsleft = 5 }} {{Skip to top and bottom}} {{Please leave this line alone.}} <!-- Questions go here. Post new questions at the BOTTOM of the page. --> == Handling AI articles == Hiyas! I haven't been around as much as I'd like to, so may have missed a discussion on this (lmk if one has already happened). I came across [[Separatism in Russia]], an article [[Special:Diff/10343227|almost certainly written]] by a LLM with no/minimal human review. It doesn't fall under any of the existing QD criteria, but also isn't a traditional candidate for RfD as the topic is notable, just the content is bad (though is currently at RfD). Given the ease with which people can now generate large amounts of text that may be hiding LLM hallucinations...how should we be handling articles of this kind? I'd think about simply blanking and redirecting it to a relevant article with human-reviewed content, but that might be a bit too bold. Best, [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 01:01, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :Hiya. Yes, we have been discussing this topic. At first we considered QDing them as Complex articles under a proposed G13 criteria but that went nowhere. Now we tend to RfD them, although that obviously takes time and is one of the reasons we have so many RfDs. I'd advise you to read and comment on [[WP:AI]]. It's become quite a problem, one which we haven't yet figured out. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:10, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::^What Freekman said - we don't have an official way of handling these, Some people tag them under {{tl|AI-notice}} where they then simple sit and go forgotten about/rot for years to come, and others like myself just send them straight to RFD if the Enwiki article is too complex (I try where possible). –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 01:23, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :::I also agree with having a QD criterion, I can't remember what I said in the last discussion but I probably Opposed on the basis that "they could be rewritten/improved" however that theory has turned out to be wrong as they don't get improved or rewritten - they just sit dormant for years until someone randomly stumbles upon it :::So yes I support a QD criterion, Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 20:38, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::If anyone has any ideas, we can expand on it. I was thinking of making a section at RFD specifically for AI related page that act as [[:en:WP:PROD]] and the gets deleted if there is no improvement in a week. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 12:53, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :::I agree with the idea. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 15:07, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::{{re|Fr33kman}} Is 5 out of 99 RfDs (or 3 out of 109 RfDs at the time you commented) mentioning AI in the nomination or comments really a reason for so many RfDs? The data isn't adding up. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 21:01, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::I think the way forward is the QD option and from what I'm reading a few good others agree. There are a fair few other QD criteria that don't get used often but we have them as options. How many RfDs have we had since the AI thing became an issue? A lot of people have expressed a dislike of AI generated content. Perhaps it's a good idea to have a formal poll? '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 22:03, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::::{{re|Fr33kman}} The question was simply about whether it was one of the reasons it's that we have a massive backlog of RfDs, that you mentioned in your comment, which it is not based on the data. And QD criteria also need to be objective which has not been demonstrated here yet either. A4 is already heavily misused so why would it be a good idea to open us up to another potential criterion that is ''genuinely'' subjective and likely to be misused. The QD criterion feels like a solution looking for a problem, these articles ''will'' be deleted on-sight or within 7 days at RfD, why go against the fundamentals of our deletion policy for an issue that is affecting so few of our existing RfDs. No-one is doubting it is an issue but the scope of it is certainly up for debate and whether it needs such a drastic change in QD policy. Once someone talks about how we can make this an objective pass/fail criterion for QD like every single other one I will happily stop pushing back on this issue, but it's not possible which is why it hasn't been implemented yet. ::::And please, let's not formally "poll" the community, we work on consensus not polling &ndash; ''that'' is ironically something we need to fix in our RfDs with people making such poor baseless arguments or none at all that consensus is more difficult/controversial to determine, prolonging RfD closures and increasing the backlog in the process. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:42, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::::You say "these articles will be deleted on-sight": how will they be deleted on sight without a QD criteria? They will only be deleted after an RfD. I think everyone is on the same page in that we all want them to be deleted, it's just a matter of how. Right now, as I see it, most people who have commented agree with the QD option. I do agree that it is not as objective as we would like. I'm not sure how to address that. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:33, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::I think there are differing opinions so maybe it's time we list the options and see what most people agree to. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 23:38, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::I totally agree '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 16:53, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :::::Our inability to objectively know if something is AI-written does not negate the possibility of a QD criteria. There are going to be very obvious AI articles, and less obvious ones, and it's not necessary that all be strictly classifiable for a QD criteria to be useful. It's possible that some can be deleted as hoaxes, but I do think a well-worded QD criteria would be helpful in dealing with these articles. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 14:12, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::I agree. We could use G13 for obvious AI articles and RfD when we aren't sure. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 16:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *I'd personally prefer to have clearly AI generated content straight deleted. We can't just go with A3, as the articles aren't copied over from another wiki. However, complex articles with possible false information damaged the reputation of the project. I'd support the G13 reason. I'm yet not very worried about AI usage in discussions. If that becomes a wider problem, we can talk about it again. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 15:01, 20 June 2025 (UTC) *What about introducing another QD criterion? - "The article was likely generated automatically, and has not been reviewed by a human edutor"? - AI can be helpful, but such articles at least need a rewview.--[[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 10:11, 21 June 2025 (UTC) *:That's essentially the idea behind G13 '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:17, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :I think at this point, this problem isn't going away and a QD criteria for it would be suitable. I don't think discussing each one gains us much and simply wastes time at AfD which is already severely missing '''[[User:Lee Vilenski|<span style="color:green">Lee Vilenski</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Lee Vilenski|talk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Lee Vilenski|contribs]])</sup>''' 10:55, 21 June 2025 (UTC) :I agree with a new QD criterion. I'm generally uneasy about a PROD/RfD approach because improving LLM-generated articles means we possibly keep their output in revision history or in the article itself. The issue here is twofold — first, we may keep unverified or incorrect text; second, we cannot be assured that it is not a copyvio. Here is an example of the latter: [[:File:Using LLMs to write Wikipedia content.pdf]] (aside: by AI standards, this is an eternity ago — but I suspect the tools most people have access to are not SOTA nor particularly more advanced than the example). My understanding is also that the copyright status of LLM-generated text is not definite in the United States. In other words, if the text is already problematic and unworkable, we may as well QD it. [[User talk:Hiàn#top|Hiàn]] 02:21, 24 June 2025 (UTC) *Handling these articles with QD is of course the most appealing way to do it and that's why it's what everyone wants but QD involves objective criteria. I don't think anyone wants these articles to stick about but we already have issues with admins handling claims to notability and that is an objective thing. How do we call something objectively AI-generated - articles on enwiki are described as ''likely'' containing AI-generated content, because we just don't know for certain - ie it's not a pass/fail criterion like every other QD criterion. Do we base it on GPTZero score/likelihood? That is what is different about this compared to other issues and why we need to have a slightly different approach instead of just a new criterion which in its previous form which will cause issues. Personally I say expand A3 to address more complex content. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:46, 29 June 2025 (UTC) *:I have a micro-essay on the issues of AI-generated articles here, and why it is a difficult one to just "solve" with a QD criterion: [[User:Ferien/AI]] --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:51, 29 June 2025 (UTC) *:While I understand your point, I would disagree with expanding A3 for two reasons: *:The first being that changing A3 to fit "complexity" is not possible. The definition of "complexity" is far more subjective than any definition of what is AI, at which point such subjectivity requires an RFD. *:My second issue is that, in the future, it will likely become easier for LLMs to create simple-sounding text, while continuing to be unencyclopedic, meaning that A3 would not necessarily apply to them anymore. *:As AI advances, LLMs will write differently. While it currently struggles to write simple text in an encyclopedic tone without having problems, I suspect that these issues will present themselves differently in the future. Expanding A3 to fit our current definition of the problems of AI today will be obsolete in the future. *:While I am not active in such topics in SEWP, I don't think AI false positives have ever been an issue in SEWP, and such articles are usually very-easily identifiable (see [[WP:DUCK]]). Even in the case of false positives, articles that are so bad that people mistake them for AI should be deleted or TNTed anyway. I would therefore support a new QD criterion. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 01:36, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::I would also use a term like 'automatically-generated'. In the end, AI is just a tool. We care what the article looks like, and we see it has certain deficiencies. What tools were used to make the article are irrelevant. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 07:07, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::Indeed, I should have said A3 expansion would be only one of the things I would actually want to do to address it. Complexity can be pretty objective though, based on whether it contains complex vocabulary not in BE 1500, longer sentences etc which is why it already exists - enwp copies that aren't complex are often declined for A3. I also think we may reach a point where AI-generated articles end up being completely unproblematic and it is difficult to determine which article is AI and which one is not. We are definitely not at that stage yet tho. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:47, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :"'''Seems like''' [[slop|A.I.-slop]]": I think that we should should 'start' with using that '''justification''', in regard to '''RfD '''/AfD.--Before we even consider using that [[soundbyte]] as a 'QD justification', then we should gain experience in ''''much '''use' of 'RfD justification': ''Seems like-A.I. slop''. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|talk]]) 14:01, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *A suggestion for a wording in the form of a deletion criterion - of course based on my personal opinions that a QD criterion could not work in the traditional way but trying to account for fast deletion that gets rid of these quicker than any RfD and the clear majority opinion here. Any feedback would be appreciated. **13. '''Obviously contains AI-generated content''': Pages very likely generated by a [[large language model]] (LLM) and recommended for deletion by at least two editors. *This should be relatively easy to technically implement, where two signatures/users go into the QD template here. So one user nominates then another approves. This is a bit like the PROD idea but faster. Given how closely CAT:QD is monitored, the second user should be quite easy to get, and could maybe be done by passing admins in QD. We could also have a category for QD alone with AI-gen'd contnet? Thoughts? --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:47, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *:I've started [[User:Ferien/AI-QD]] with the ability to add an editor2 - simply added by adding <code>|editor2=(User)</code> onto the template. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 15:09, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *:I really like this idea — seems like a good balance between an admin-discretion QD and a week-long RfD. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 15:17, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::Agreed '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:27, 2 July 2025 (UTC) *:"'''Seems like''' ...", is better than '''Obvious'''.--After all, if things really were obvious, then QD could have taken care of everything. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|talk]]) 15:56, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::I'm afraid I don't understand your comment. QD is designed to take the quick easy (obvious) cases whereas RfD has always been for those that are up for debate. If we change the criterion to "Seems like it contains AI-generated content" then it's up for debate. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:27, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *:::What about something simple like "Contains AI generated content" for obvious cases such as those that refer directly to LLM or other straightforward cases and RfD for the others? I know there will always be some that require a subjective test but I think we are also trying to avoid cases where the RfD outcome would essentially be a case of SNOW. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 14:58, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *:I would support having AIQDs exist in a separate category. I would also recommend making this template physically distinct from a QD template, just as a RFD template is different from a QD template. Perhaps orange? *:My other question is would this be easily addable to Twinkle? I can imagine pressing G13 on the twinkle page, then if there is already a QD template there, it adds your signature. If there are two signatures, perhaps the template becomes red again, and then is moved from a theoretical AIQD to QD. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 17:08, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::Bad idea, to have to persons + one person doing a QD, with a '''subjective''' justification.--It is likely '''better '''to start with RfD /AfD, that have "'''snow''' close", after six days, or 5 days, or 4, or 3, or ... .--These 'fast-track' thingies '''mentioned''', are in regard to "Seems like A.I.-slop". [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2|talk]]) 22:29, 30 June 2025 (UTC) /2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784 *::I like that idea for templates, might be easier to technically implement actually as we already have a function on Twinkle that allows admins to replace a QD with an RfD if they initiate one. There's also the prod and endorsed prod templates on en that could serve as inspiration. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:29, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *:::So where are we at so far. I think we have a consensus for the obvious cases regarding your suggestion of two users. Would that be meaning that the deleting admin is not one of the two? '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:18, 2 July 2025 (UTC) *::::I think that would be good - a user tags the article, a passing admin in CAT:QD sees it and approves, then the next admin can delete. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:29, 2 July 2025 (UTC) == I cant make an account! == Hi! Can you help? I cant make an account. It says i "session hijacked". Please help. (im on a Samsung smart tv) '''Thanks!''' --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 09:31, 21 June 2025 (UTC) :Please answer --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 08:05, 22 June 2025 (UTC) ::I'd recommend trying to make an account on another device. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:04, 2 July 2025 (UTC) == Nonsense page == Hi. Theres a new page called "[[Don Davies]]" and all it says is a spam of "Pierre Poilievere" in bold. --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 10:10, 22 June 2025 (UTC)! :Took care of it. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 10:12, 22 June 2025 (UTC) == Vandals == How can i help fight vandalism? Its hard --[[Special:Contributions/112.204.167.209|112.204.167.209]] ([[User talk:112.204.167.209|talk]]) 14:09, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :no My IP changed! --[[Special:Contributions/112.204.167.209|112.204.167.209]] ([[User talk:112.204.167.209|talk]]) 14:11, 22 June 2025 (UTC) == Personal attack question == Would it be a personal attack to say one user is probably a sockpuppet of someone else? [[Special:Contributions/71.236.131.237|71.236.131.237]] ([[User talk:71.236.131.237|talk]]) 17:30, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :If you have a reasonable suspicion - no. However, if it is a "blind" accusation without any evidence, then I advise against making such accusations. [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 19:16, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :I don’t think it is a personal attack. Now, I would suggest providing more evidence to make your case for a connection. I restored your comment so that MathXplorer can judge for themselves. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 19:17, 22 June 2025 (UTC) ::Hello, if you have a suspicion, you can crete a request on [[:WP:RFCU|this page]]. One of the checkusers will then look into the matter, and perform the relevantchecks. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 04:29, 23 June 2025 (UTC) == How do I make this draft better? == I wrote a draft here [[User:Immanuelle/Kabe_Island]] and I feel like it is badly written. Do you have suggestions? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 22:12, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]]: Hi, Immanuelle. Since you had said in the past that you didn't mind people editing your drafts, I just did some cleanup and simplifying on this one. Feel free to revert if you want. :The main thing I see is that the language needs to be simplified, mostly by breaking sentences into smaller pieces. I find it helps to think about our target audience, people whose English is not advanced. They might be trying to understand one sentence at a time, so it helps them to keep the sentences short. One rule of thumb about this is to have only one subject and verb in a sentence, but it goes beyond that. Take a look at the ones I shortened, and see if you understand why I did it in each case. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:03, 24 June 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] I hope you are happy with what I did there. I have another one that I really like but I am very afraid is too complicated right here [[User:Immanuelle/Kumano_Gongen]] [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 20:56, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::Did you mean to remove the categories? -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 21:52, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] I did becase all the categories were redlinks. But I forgot to add new categories. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 21:57, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Some other things I see: ::::*The infobox has a lot of invalid parameters ::::*The Ill template link to your userspace should be removed ::::-- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:01, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::::What about [[User:Immanuelle/Kumano_Gongen]] now? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 22:05, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::It's in a couple of maintenance categories. You could do something to resolve those. ::::::It's usually considered good practice with infoboxes to put one parameter per line. It's not required, but it makes it easier to see the code. ::::::The Commons boxes should go at the top of the other websites section. ::::::A couple of statements in the lead have a lot of references with them. I'd cut it down by a lot. If that removes links that you still want in the article, you could put them in the other websites section. ::::::The Origins and Beliefs about the Three Mountains sections could have some of their sentences combined into paragraphs instead of each being on a separate line. ::::::The big table is in the Beliefs about the Three Mountains section. Does it need its own heading? ::::::Just my thoughts. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:30, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] Is your suggestion to merge in the headings like I did earlier? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 23:28, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::@[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]]: I'm not sure what you mean. Which earlier change are you referring to? -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:02, 26 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] the last edit. Sorry worded that badly. Do you think the current version is better structured? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 00:05, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == What to do about Slowking4's athlete articles? == {{User|Slowking4}} created hundreds of stub articles on athletes, particularly women's volleyball, water polo, and rugby players. Here are some example articles: [[Sarah Chobot]], [[Sarah Pattison]], [[Sarah Landry]], [[Wang Fengjiao]], and [[Valeriya Rylova]]. For the most part, they are formulaic stubs that have a source or two that are databases or rosters. They are mostly orphaned articles and don't exist on other wikis as well. There is never likely to be expansion of them. Most have never competed at the Olympics. I made two batch RFDs for a few articles earlier this month ([[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Slowking volleyball D]] and [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Slowking water polo D]]) both of which resulted in SOFTDELETE as there was no further input. How do we best address these articles? I feel like a bunch of batch RFDs will be tedious and clog RFD. How do we best handle these articles? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 14:37, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :I'd say creating a list and requesting deletion in smaller batches might be a good idea. They do have a bunch of socks though so the list of pages might be quite bigger considering that. I have made a list at [[User:BRPever/test1]]-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 14:55, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :I will try running some query to see if I can narrow the list to pages that are not linked to enwiki pages via wikidata. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:07, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] I have narrowed the list down to ~400 pages by removing pages with links to dewiki, frwiki and enwiki, and it seems this list mostly include pages without any significant coverage. I think this will be a good starting point to work from.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:30, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for compiling this list. Want me to copy it into my user space so you don't need to maintain it? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 17:28, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::Please feel free to copy it. :) --[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 23:24, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Copied it over to my space; thanks for the help! [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:35, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == Feedback == Please give me some feedback on my article [[Raphael (given name)]]. [[User:Rafaelthegreat|Rafaelthegreat]] ([[User talk:Rafaelthegreat|talk]]) 15:14, 26 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Rafaelthegreat|Rafaelthegreat]], welcome to the Simple Wikipedia. I took a look at your article and have a few tips for you. First, it's important to always include sources when you are writing an article. You may want to read [[WP:V]] for more information. It also would be considered a "stub" or short article, so I have tagged it as such. I do like how you included the template to show that the Simple English Wiktionary has a definition for the name. You're on a good track and I encourage you to continue writing! [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 12:59, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks. I am pretty new here. I am usually on the English Wikipedia. [[User:Rafaelthegreat|<span style="color:white; font-weight: bold; background-color:red">'''Rafael'''</span>]] [[User:Rafaelthegreat|<span style="color:red; font-weight: bold; background-color:white">'''Hello!'''</span>]] 13:14, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Ternera|Ternera]]: The infobox adds the Wiktionary template. I actually just suppressed the one that the infobox adds and added it manually to improve the look of the page, even though the Wiktionary entry doesn't have anything that the article doesn't already have. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 16:32, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews == <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> :Hello Victoria, :thank you for the message. Not touching on the subject matter, are you aware that the text that you wrote is of a considerable difficulty, and likely far from what we would consider "Simple English". In that context would it not be likely that the main audience of this project will not understand what you write? - So when you do not get any feedback, this might be because of disinterest, but it might also be because of a failure to communicate with the target audience in a language they actually understand. Those are of course just my thoughts... [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 13:38, 28 June 2025 (UTC) == Writing a simple article on a drug == I have been working on this draft article [[User:Immanuelle/Pink cocaine]]. Are there specific rules or protocols around trying to write simple articles on this topic? I think I did a good job with the beginning. But the table and templates might need some simplification. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 16:24, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :There are no specific rules on articles such as this. Just write it as you would for any other topic. We're not censored so we can, and should, have articles on every notable topic. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 18:29, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::BTW: the article looks fine '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 18:32, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == RFC on paid editing as a CU == Folks on this project are invited to comment on a ongoing RFC on the compatibility of paid editing with CU permissions at [[meta:Requests for comment/Should paid editing as a CU be allowed|this page]]. [[User:Sohom Datta|Sohom]] ([[User talk:Sohom Datta|talk]]) 16:41, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Article title issue [[Kurdish-Yazidi uprising against the Safavids]] == [[Yazidis]] are an Kurdish speaking ethnoreligious group they are not [[Kurdish people]], the article title [[Kurdish-Yazidi uprising against the Safavids]] should be fixed it may mislead readers into thinking they are ethnically Kurdish. Thanks [[Special:Contributions/81.109.99.117|81.109.99.117]] ([[User talk:81.109.99.117|talk]]) 03:24, 1 July 2025 (UTC) :I have moved the page [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 08:07, 1 July 2025 (UTC) ::Agree. I hope that there will be subject experts fixing it. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 14:07, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == Can you please set this up here? == From [[:en:Wikipedia:New pages patrol]]: {{tq|New pages are not indexed by external search engines until they are patrolled.}} I really hope you can set this up on Simple English Wikipedia too. This was most recently discussed in April/May 2024 at [[Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive 159#Enabling noindex in article space]] with overwhelming support. [[Special:Contributions/96.65.201.81|96.65.201.81]] ([[User talk:96.65.201.81|talk]]) 19:44, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :I would definitely support this. It seems Eptalon was looking into it last year and there has been no update since then? [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 19:47, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ::I'd have to find the exact link for it but I believe someone either from WMF or on the technical side of things said they'd rather not change it, after that discussion finished. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:03, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 29v9c6neziq346px47b31d6s8hasbf3 10368222 10368221 2025-07-02T20:32:30Z Fr33kman 15149 /* Can you please set this up here? */ Reply 10368222 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive %(counter)d |algo = old(10d) |counter = 169 |maxarchivesize = 125K |minthreadsleft = 5 }} {{Skip to top and bottom}} {{Please leave this line alone.}} <!-- Questions go here. Post new questions at the BOTTOM of the page. --> == Handling AI articles == Hiyas! I haven't been around as much as I'd like to, so may have missed a discussion on this (lmk if one has already happened). I came across [[Separatism in Russia]], an article [[Special:Diff/10343227|almost certainly written]] by a LLM with no/minimal human review. It doesn't fall under any of the existing QD criteria, but also isn't a traditional candidate for RfD as the topic is notable, just the content is bad (though is currently at RfD). Given the ease with which people can now generate large amounts of text that may be hiding LLM hallucinations...how should we be handling articles of this kind? I'd think about simply blanking and redirecting it to a relevant article with human-reviewed content, but that might be a bit too bold. Best, [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 01:01, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :Hiya. Yes, we have been discussing this topic. At first we considered QDing them as Complex articles under a proposed G13 criteria but that went nowhere. Now we tend to RfD them, although that obviously takes time and is one of the reasons we have so many RfDs. I'd advise you to read and comment on [[WP:AI]]. It's become quite a problem, one which we haven't yet figured out. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:10, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::^What Freekman said - we don't have an official way of handling these, Some people tag them under {{tl|AI-notice}} where they then simple sit and go forgotten about/rot for years to come, and others like myself just send them straight to RFD if the Enwiki article is too complex (I try where possible). –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 01:23, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :::I also agree with having a QD criterion, I can't remember what I said in the last discussion but I probably Opposed on the basis that "they could be rewritten/improved" however that theory has turned out to be wrong as they don't get improved or rewritten - they just sit dormant for years until someone randomly stumbles upon it :::So yes I support a QD criterion, Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 20:38, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::If anyone has any ideas, we can expand on it. I was thinking of making a section at RFD specifically for AI related page that act as [[:en:WP:PROD]] and the gets deleted if there is no improvement in a week. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 12:53, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :::I agree with the idea. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 15:07, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::{{re|Fr33kman}} Is 5 out of 99 RfDs (or 3 out of 109 RfDs at the time you commented) mentioning AI in the nomination or comments really a reason for so many RfDs? The data isn't adding up. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 21:01, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::I think the way forward is the QD option and from what I'm reading a few good others agree. There are a fair few other QD criteria that don't get used often but we have them as options. How many RfDs have we had since the AI thing became an issue? A lot of people have expressed a dislike of AI generated content. Perhaps it's a good idea to have a formal poll? '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 22:03, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::::{{re|Fr33kman}} The question was simply about whether it was one of the reasons it's that we have a massive backlog of RfDs, that you mentioned in your comment, which it is not based on the data. And QD criteria also need to be objective which has not been demonstrated here yet either. A4 is already heavily misused so why would it be a good idea to open us up to another potential criterion that is ''genuinely'' subjective and likely to be misused. The QD criterion feels like a solution looking for a problem, these articles ''will'' be deleted on-sight or within 7 days at RfD, why go against the fundamentals of our deletion policy for an issue that is affecting so few of our existing RfDs. No-one is doubting it is an issue but the scope of it is certainly up for debate and whether it needs such a drastic change in QD policy. Once someone talks about how we can make this an objective pass/fail criterion for QD like every single other one I will happily stop pushing back on this issue, but it's not possible which is why it hasn't been implemented yet. ::::And please, let's not formally "poll" the community, we work on consensus not polling &ndash; ''that'' is ironically something we need to fix in our RfDs with people making such poor baseless arguments or none at all that consensus is more difficult/controversial to determine, prolonging RfD closures and increasing the backlog in the process. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:42, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::::You say "these articles will be deleted on-sight": how will they be deleted on sight without a QD criteria? They will only be deleted after an RfD. I think everyone is on the same page in that we all want them to be deleted, it's just a matter of how. Right now, as I see it, most people who have commented agree with the QD option. I do agree that it is not as objective as we would like. I'm not sure how to address that. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:33, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::I think there are differing opinions so maybe it's time we list the options and see what most people agree to. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 23:38, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::I totally agree '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 16:53, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :::::Our inability to objectively know if something is AI-written does not negate the possibility of a QD criteria. There are going to be very obvious AI articles, and less obvious ones, and it's not necessary that all be strictly classifiable for a QD criteria to be useful. It's possible that some can be deleted as hoaxes, but I do think a well-worded QD criteria would be helpful in dealing with these articles. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 14:12, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::I agree. We could use G13 for obvious AI articles and RfD when we aren't sure. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 16:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *I'd personally prefer to have clearly AI generated content straight deleted. We can't just go with A3, as the articles aren't copied over from another wiki. However, complex articles with possible false information damaged the reputation of the project. I'd support the G13 reason. I'm yet not very worried about AI usage in discussions. If that becomes a wider problem, we can talk about it again. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 15:01, 20 June 2025 (UTC) *What about introducing another QD criterion? - "The article was likely generated automatically, and has not been reviewed by a human edutor"? - AI can be helpful, but such articles at least need a rewview.--[[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 10:11, 21 June 2025 (UTC) *:That's essentially the idea behind G13 '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:17, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :I think at this point, this problem isn't going away and a QD criteria for it would be suitable. I don't think discussing each one gains us much and simply wastes time at AfD which is already severely missing '''[[User:Lee Vilenski|<span style="color:green">Lee Vilenski</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Lee Vilenski|talk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Lee Vilenski|contribs]])</sup>''' 10:55, 21 June 2025 (UTC) :I agree with a new QD criterion. I'm generally uneasy about a PROD/RfD approach because improving LLM-generated articles means we possibly keep their output in revision history or in the article itself. The issue here is twofold — first, we may keep unverified or incorrect text; second, we cannot be assured that it is not a copyvio. Here is an example of the latter: [[:File:Using LLMs to write Wikipedia content.pdf]] (aside: by AI standards, this is an eternity ago — but I suspect the tools most people have access to are not SOTA nor particularly more advanced than the example). My understanding is also that the copyright status of LLM-generated text is not definite in the United States. In other words, if the text is already problematic and unworkable, we may as well QD it. [[User talk:Hiàn#top|Hiàn]] 02:21, 24 June 2025 (UTC) *Handling these articles with QD is of course the most appealing way to do it and that's why it's what everyone wants but QD involves objective criteria. I don't think anyone wants these articles to stick about but we already have issues with admins handling claims to notability and that is an objective thing. How do we call something objectively AI-generated - articles on enwiki are described as ''likely'' containing AI-generated content, because we just don't know for certain - ie it's not a pass/fail criterion like every other QD criterion. Do we base it on GPTZero score/likelihood? That is what is different about this compared to other issues and why we need to have a slightly different approach instead of just a new criterion which in its previous form which will cause issues. Personally I say expand A3 to address more complex content. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:46, 29 June 2025 (UTC) *:I have a micro-essay on the issues of AI-generated articles here, and why it is a difficult one to just "solve" with a QD criterion: [[User:Ferien/AI]] --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:51, 29 June 2025 (UTC) *:While I understand your point, I would disagree with expanding A3 for two reasons: *:The first being that changing A3 to fit "complexity" is not possible. The definition of "complexity" is far more subjective than any definition of what is AI, at which point such subjectivity requires an RFD. *:My second issue is that, in the future, it will likely become easier for LLMs to create simple-sounding text, while continuing to be unencyclopedic, meaning that A3 would not necessarily apply to them anymore. *:As AI advances, LLMs will write differently. While it currently struggles to write simple text in an encyclopedic tone without having problems, I suspect that these issues will present themselves differently in the future. Expanding A3 to fit our current definition of the problems of AI today will be obsolete in the future. *:While I am not active in such topics in SEWP, I don't think AI false positives have ever been an issue in SEWP, and such articles are usually very-easily identifiable (see [[WP:DUCK]]). Even in the case of false positives, articles that are so bad that people mistake them for AI should be deleted or TNTed anyway. I would therefore support a new QD criterion. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 01:36, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::I would also use a term like 'automatically-generated'. In the end, AI is just a tool. We care what the article looks like, and we see it has certain deficiencies. What tools were used to make the article are irrelevant. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 07:07, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::Indeed, I should have said A3 expansion would be only one of the things I would actually want to do to address it. Complexity can be pretty objective though, based on whether it contains complex vocabulary not in BE 1500, longer sentences etc which is why it already exists - enwp copies that aren't complex are often declined for A3. I also think we may reach a point where AI-generated articles end up being completely unproblematic and it is difficult to determine which article is AI and which one is not. We are definitely not at that stage yet tho. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:47, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :"'''Seems like''' [[slop|A.I.-slop]]": I think that we should should 'start' with using that '''justification''', in regard to '''RfD '''/AfD.--Before we even consider using that [[soundbyte]] as a 'QD justification', then we should gain experience in ''''much '''use' of 'RfD justification': ''Seems like-A.I. slop''. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|talk]]) 14:01, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *A suggestion for a wording in the form of a deletion criterion - of course based on my personal opinions that a QD criterion could not work in the traditional way but trying to account for fast deletion that gets rid of these quicker than any RfD and the clear majority opinion here. Any feedback would be appreciated. **13. '''Obviously contains AI-generated content''': Pages very likely generated by a [[large language model]] (LLM) and recommended for deletion by at least two editors. *This should be relatively easy to technically implement, where two signatures/users go into the QD template here. So one user nominates then another approves. This is a bit like the PROD idea but faster. Given how closely CAT:QD is monitored, the second user should be quite easy to get, and could maybe be done by passing admins in QD. We could also have a category for QD alone with AI-gen'd contnet? Thoughts? --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:47, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *:I've started [[User:Ferien/AI-QD]] with the ability to add an editor2 - simply added by adding <code>|editor2=(User)</code> onto the template. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 15:09, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *:I really like this idea — seems like a good balance between an admin-discretion QD and a week-long RfD. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 15:17, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::Agreed '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:27, 2 July 2025 (UTC) *:"'''Seems like''' ...", is better than '''Obvious'''.--After all, if things really were obvious, then QD could have taken care of everything. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|talk]]) 15:56, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::I'm afraid I don't understand your comment. QD is designed to take the quick easy (obvious) cases whereas RfD has always been for those that are up for debate. If we change the criterion to "Seems like it contains AI-generated content" then it's up for debate. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:27, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *:::What about something simple like "Contains AI generated content" for obvious cases such as those that refer directly to LLM or other straightforward cases and RfD for the others? I know there will always be some that require a subjective test but I think we are also trying to avoid cases where the RfD outcome would essentially be a case of SNOW. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 14:58, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *:I would support having AIQDs exist in a separate category. I would also recommend making this template physically distinct from a QD template, just as a RFD template is different from a QD template. Perhaps orange? *:My other question is would this be easily addable to Twinkle? I can imagine pressing G13 on the twinkle page, then if there is already a QD template there, it adds your signature. If there are two signatures, perhaps the template becomes red again, and then is moved from a theoretical AIQD to QD. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 17:08, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::Bad idea, to have to persons + one person doing a QD, with a '''subjective''' justification.--It is likely '''better '''to start with RfD /AfD, that have "'''snow''' close", after six days, or 5 days, or 4, or 3, or ... .--These 'fast-track' thingies '''mentioned''', are in regard to "Seems like A.I.-slop". [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2|talk]]) 22:29, 30 June 2025 (UTC) /2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784 *::I like that idea for templates, might be easier to technically implement actually as we already have a function on Twinkle that allows admins to replace a QD with an RfD if they initiate one. There's also the prod and endorsed prod templates on en that could serve as inspiration. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:29, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *:::So where are we at so far. I think we have a consensus for the obvious cases regarding your suggestion of two users. Would that be meaning that the deleting admin is not one of the two? '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:18, 2 July 2025 (UTC) *::::I think that would be good - a user tags the article, a passing admin in CAT:QD sees it and approves, then the next admin can delete. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:29, 2 July 2025 (UTC) == I cant make an account! == Hi! Can you help? I cant make an account. It says i "session hijacked". Please help. (im on a Samsung smart tv) '''Thanks!''' --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 09:31, 21 June 2025 (UTC) :Please answer --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 08:05, 22 June 2025 (UTC) ::I'd recommend trying to make an account on another device. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:04, 2 July 2025 (UTC) == Nonsense page == Hi. Theres a new page called "[[Don Davies]]" and all it says is a spam of "Pierre Poilievere" in bold. --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 10:10, 22 June 2025 (UTC)! :Took care of it. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 10:12, 22 June 2025 (UTC) == Vandals == How can i help fight vandalism? Its hard --[[Special:Contributions/112.204.167.209|112.204.167.209]] ([[User talk:112.204.167.209|talk]]) 14:09, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :no My IP changed! --[[Special:Contributions/112.204.167.209|112.204.167.209]] ([[User talk:112.204.167.209|talk]]) 14:11, 22 June 2025 (UTC) == Personal attack question == Would it be a personal attack to say one user is probably a sockpuppet of someone else? [[Special:Contributions/71.236.131.237|71.236.131.237]] ([[User talk:71.236.131.237|talk]]) 17:30, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :If you have a reasonable suspicion - no. However, if it is a "blind" accusation without any evidence, then I advise against making such accusations. [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 19:16, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :I don’t think it is a personal attack. Now, I would suggest providing more evidence to make your case for a connection. I restored your comment so that MathXplorer can judge for themselves. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 19:17, 22 June 2025 (UTC) ::Hello, if you have a suspicion, you can crete a request on [[:WP:RFCU|this page]]. One of the checkusers will then look into the matter, and perform the relevantchecks. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 04:29, 23 June 2025 (UTC) == How do I make this draft better? == I wrote a draft here [[User:Immanuelle/Kabe_Island]] and I feel like it is badly written. Do you have suggestions? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 22:12, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]]: Hi, Immanuelle. Since you had said in the past that you didn't mind people editing your drafts, I just did some cleanup and simplifying on this one. Feel free to revert if you want. :The main thing I see is that the language needs to be simplified, mostly by breaking sentences into smaller pieces. I find it helps to think about our target audience, people whose English is not advanced. They might be trying to understand one sentence at a time, so it helps them to keep the sentences short. One rule of thumb about this is to have only one subject and verb in a sentence, but it goes beyond that. Take a look at the ones I shortened, and see if you understand why I did it in each case. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:03, 24 June 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] I hope you are happy with what I did there. I have another one that I really like but I am very afraid is too complicated right here [[User:Immanuelle/Kumano_Gongen]] [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 20:56, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::Did you mean to remove the categories? -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 21:52, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] I did becase all the categories were redlinks. But I forgot to add new categories. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 21:57, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Some other things I see: ::::*The infobox has a lot of invalid parameters ::::*The Ill template link to your userspace should be removed ::::-- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:01, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::::What about [[User:Immanuelle/Kumano_Gongen]] now? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 22:05, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::It's in a couple of maintenance categories. You could do something to resolve those. ::::::It's usually considered good practice with infoboxes to put one parameter per line. It's not required, but it makes it easier to see the code. ::::::The Commons boxes should go at the top of the other websites section. ::::::A couple of statements in the lead have a lot of references with them. I'd cut it down by a lot. If that removes links that you still want in the article, you could put them in the other websites section. ::::::The Origins and Beliefs about the Three Mountains sections could have some of their sentences combined into paragraphs instead of each being on a separate line. ::::::The big table is in the Beliefs about the Three Mountains section. Does it need its own heading? ::::::Just my thoughts. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:30, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] Is your suggestion to merge in the headings like I did earlier? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 23:28, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::@[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]]: I'm not sure what you mean. Which earlier change are you referring to? -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:02, 26 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] the last edit. Sorry worded that badly. Do you think the current version is better structured? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 00:05, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == What to do about Slowking4's athlete articles? == {{User|Slowking4}} created hundreds of stub articles on athletes, particularly women's volleyball, water polo, and rugby players. Here are some example articles: [[Sarah Chobot]], [[Sarah Pattison]], [[Sarah Landry]], [[Wang Fengjiao]], and [[Valeriya Rylova]]. For the most part, they are formulaic stubs that have a source or two that are databases or rosters. They are mostly orphaned articles and don't exist on other wikis as well. There is never likely to be expansion of them. Most have never competed at the Olympics. I made two batch RFDs for a few articles earlier this month ([[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Slowking volleyball D]] and [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Slowking water polo D]]) both of which resulted in SOFTDELETE as there was no further input. How do we best address these articles? I feel like a bunch of batch RFDs will be tedious and clog RFD. How do we best handle these articles? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 14:37, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :I'd say creating a list and requesting deletion in smaller batches might be a good idea. They do have a bunch of socks though so the list of pages might be quite bigger considering that. I have made a list at [[User:BRPever/test1]]-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 14:55, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :I will try running some query to see if I can narrow the list to pages that are not linked to enwiki pages via wikidata. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:07, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] I have narrowed the list down to ~400 pages by removing pages with links to dewiki, frwiki and enwiki, and it seems this list mostly include pages without any significant coverage. I think this will be a good starting point to work from.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:30, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for compiling this list. Want me to copy it into my user space so you don't need to maintain it? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 17:28, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::Please feel free to copy it. :) --[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 23:24, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Copied it over to my space; thanks for the help! [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:35, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == Feedback == Please give me some feedback on my article [[Raphael (given name)]]. [[User:Rafaelthegreat|Rafaelthegreat]] ([[User talk:Rafaelthegreat|talk]]) 15:14, 26 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Rafaelthegreat|Rafaelthegreat]], welcome to the Simple Wikipedia. I took a look at your article and have a few tips for you. First, it's important to always include sources when you are writing an article. You may want to read [[WP:V]] for more information. It also would be considered a "stub" or short article, so I have tagged it as such. I do like how you included the template to show that the Simple English Wiktionary has a definition for the name. You're on a good track and I encourage you to continue writing! [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 12:59, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks. I am pretty new here. I am usually on the English Wikipedia. [[User:Rafaelthegreat|<span style="color:white; font-weight: bold; background-color:red">'''Rafael'''</span>]] [[User:Rafaelthegreat|<span style="color:red; font-weight: bold; background-color:white">'''Hello!'''</span>]] 13:14, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Ternera|Ternera]]: The infobox adds the Wiktionary template. I actually just suppressed the one that the infobox adds and added it manually to improve the look of the page, even though the Wiktionary entry doesn't have anything that the article doesn't already have. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 16:32, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews == <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> :Hello Victoria, :thank you for the message. Not touching on the subject matter, are you aware that the text that you wrote is of a considerable difficulty, and likely far from what we would consider "Simple English". In that context would it not be likely that the main audience of this project will not understand what you write? - So when you do not get any feedback, this might be because of disinterest, but it might also be because of a failure to communicate with the target audience in a language they actually understand. Those are of course just my thoughts... [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 13:38, 28 June 2025 (UTC) == Writing a simple article on a drug == I have been working on this draft article [[User:Immanuelle/Pink cocaine]]. Are there specific rules or protocols around trying to write simple articles on this topic? I think I did a good job with the beginning. But the table and templates might need some simplification. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 16:24, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :There are no specific rules on articles such as this. Just write it as you would for any other topic. We're not censored so we can, and should, have articles on every notable topic. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 18:29, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::BTW: the article looks fine '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 18:32, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == RFC on paid editing as a CU == Folks on this project are invited to comment on a ongoing RFC on the compatibility of paid editing with CU permissions at [[meta:Requests for comment/Should paid editing as a CU be allowed|this page]]. [[User:Sohom Datta|Sohom]] ([[User talk:Sohom Datta|talk]]) 16:41, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Article title issue [[Kurdish-Yazidi uprising against the Safavids]] == [[Yazidis]] are an Kurdish speaking ethnoreligious group they are not [[Kurdish people]], the article title [[Kurdish-Yazidi uprising against the Safavids]] should be fixed it may mislead readers into thinking they are ethnically Kurdish. Thanks [[Special:Contributions/81.109.99.117|81.109.99.117]] ([[User talk:81.109.99.117|talk]]) 03:24, 1 July 2025 (UTC) :I have moved the page [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 08:07, 1 July 2025 (UTC) ::Agree. I hope that there will be subject experts fixing it. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 14:07, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == Can you please set this up here? == From [[:en:Wikipedia:New pages patrol]]: {{tq|New pages are not indexed by external search engines until they are patrolled.}} I really hope you can set this up on Simple English Wikipedia too. This was most recently discussed in April/May 2024 at [[Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive 159#Enabling noindex in article space]] with overwhelming support. [[Special:Contributions/96.65.201.81|96.65.201.81]] ([[User talk:96.65.201.81|talk]]) 19:44, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :I would definitely support this. It seems Eptalon was looking into it last year and there has been no update since then? [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 19:47, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ::I'd have to find the exact link for it but I believe someone either from WMF or on the technical side of things said they'd rather not change it, after that discussion finished. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:03, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :::Yeah, I'd have doubts also. Most new pages are not patrolled '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:32, 2 July 2025 (UTC) aztoaicxc2ep8tjbzncr9vc0a25iq79 10368359 10368222 2025-07-02T22:18:56Z 2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA /* Handling AI articles */ Reply 10368359 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive %(counter)d |algo = old(10d) |counter = 169 |maxarchivesize = 125K |minthreadsleft = 5 }} {{Skip to top and bottom}} {{Please leave this line alone.}} <!-- Questions go here. Post new questions at the BOTTOM of the page. --> == Handling AI articles == Hiyas! I haven't been around as much as I'd like to, so may have missed a discussion on this (lmk if one has already happened). I came across [[Separatism in Russia]], an article [[Special:Diff/10343227|almost certainly written]] by a LLM with no/minimal human review. It doesn't fall under any of the existing QD criteria, but also isn't a traditional candidate for RfD as the topic is notable, just the content is bad (though is currently at RfD). Given the ease with which people can now generate large amounts of text that may be hiding LLM hallucinations...how should we be handling articles of this kind? I'd think about simply blanking and redirecting it to a relevant article with human-reviewed content, but that might be a bit too bold. Best, [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 01:01, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :Hiya. Yes, we have been discussing this topic. At first we considered QDing them as Complex articles under a proposed G13 criteria but that went nowhere. Now we tend to RfD them, although that obviously takes time and is one of the reasons we have so many RfDs. I'd advise you to read and comment on [[WP:AI]]. It's become quite a problem, one which we haven't yet figured out. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:10, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::^What Freekman said - we don't have an official way of handling these, Some people tag them under {{tl|AI-notice}} where they then simple sit and go forgotten about/rot for years to come, and others like myself just send them straight to RFD if the Enwiki article is too complex (I try where possible). –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 01:23, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :::I also agree with having a QD criterion, I can't remember what I said in the last discussion but I probably Opposed on the basis that "they could be rewritten/improved" however that theory has turned out to be wrong as they don't get improved or rewritten - they just sit dormant for years until someone randomly stumbles upon it :::So yes I support a QD criterion, Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 20:38, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::If anyone has any ideas, we can expand on it. I was thinking of making a section at RFD specifically for AI related page that act as [[:en:WP:PROD]] and the gets deleted if there is no improvement in a week. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 12:53, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :::I agree with the idea. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 15:07, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::{{re|Fr33kman}} Is 5 out of 99 RfDs (or 3 out of 109 RfDs at the time you commented) mentioning AI in the nomination or comments really a reason for so many RfDs? The data isn't adding up. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 21:01, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::I think the way forward is the QD option and from what I'm reading a few good others agree. There are a fair few other QD criteria that don't get used often but we have them as options. How many RfDs have we had since the AI thing became an issue? A lot of people have expressed a dislike of AI generated content. Perhaps it's a good idea to have a formal poll? '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 22:03, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::::{{re|Fr33kman}} The question was simply about whether it was one of the reasons it's that we have a massive backlog of RfDs, that you mentioned in your comment, which it is not based on the data. And QD criteria also need to be objective which has not been demonstrated here yet either. A4 is already heavily misused so why would it be a good idea to open us up to another potential criterion that is ''genuinely'' subjective and likely to be misused. The QD criterion feels like a solution looking for a problem, these articles ''will'' be deleted on-sight or within 7 days at RfD, why go against the fundamentals of our deletion policy for an issue that is affecting so few of our existing RfDs. No-one is doubting it is an issue but the scope of it is certainly up for debate and whether it needs such a drastic change in QD policy. Once someone talks about how we can make this an objective pass/fail criterion for QD like every single other one I will happily stop pushing back on this issue, but it's not possible which is why it hasn't been implemented yet. ::::And please, let's not formally "poll" the community, we work on consensus not polling &ndash; ''that'' is ironically something we need to fix in our RfDs with people making such poor baseless arguments or none at all that consensus is more difficult/controversial to determine, prolonging RfD closures and increasing the backlog in the process. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:42, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::::You say "these articles will be deleted on-sight": how will they be deleted on sight without a QD criteria? They will only be deleted after an RfD. I think everyone is on the same page in that we all want them to be deleted, it's just a matter of how. Right now, as I see it, most people who have commented agree with the QD option. I do agree that it is not as objective as we would like. I'm not sure how to address that. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:33, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::I think there are differing opinions so maybe it's time we list the options and see what most people agree to. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 23:38, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::I totally agree '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 16:53, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :::::Our inability to objectively know if something is AI-written does not negate the possibility of a QD criteria. There are going to be very obvious AI articles, and less obvious ones, and it's not necessary that all be strictly classifiable for a QD criteria to be useful. It's possible that some can be deleted as hoaxes, but I do think a well-worded QD criteria would be helpful in dealing with these articles. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 14:12, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::I agree. We could use G13 for obvious AI articles and RfD when we aren't sure. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 16:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *I'd personally prefer to have clearly AI generated content straight deleted. We can't just go with A3, as the articles aren't copied over from another wiki. However, complex articles with possible false information damaged the reputation of the project. I'd support the G13 reason. I'm yet not very worried about AI usage in discussions. If that becomes a wider problem, we can talk about it again. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 15:01, 20 June 2025 (UTC) *What about introducing another QD criterion? - "The article was likely generated automatically, and has not been reviewed by a human edutor"? - AI can be helpful, but such articles at least need a rewview.--[[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 10:11, 21 June 2025 (UTC) *:That's essentially the idea behind G13 '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:17, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :I think at this point, this problem isn't going away and a QD criteria for it would be suitable. I don't think discussing each one gains us much and simply wastes time at AfD which is already severely missing '''[[User:Lee Vilenski|<span style="color:green">Lee Vilenski</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Lee Vilenski|talk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Lee Vilenski|contribs]])</sup>''' 10:55, 21 June 2025 (UTC) :I agree with a new QD criterion. I'm generally uneasy about a PROD/RfD approach because improving LLM-generated articles means we possibly keep their output in revision history or in the article itself. The issue here is twofold — first, we may keep unverified or incorrect text; second, we cannot be assured that it is not a copyvio. Here is an example of the latter: [[:File:Using LLMs to write Wikipedia content.pdf]] (aside: by AI standards, this is an eternity ago — but I suspect the tools most people have access to are not SOTA nor particularly more advanced than the example). My understanding is also that the copyright status of LLM-generated text is not definite in the United States. In other words, if the text is already problematic and unworkable, we may as well QD it. [[User talk:Hiàn#top|Hiàn]] 02:21, 24 June 2025 (UTC) *Handling these articles with QD is of course the most appealing way to do it and that's why it's what everyone wants but QD involves objective criteria. I don't think anyone wants these articles to stick about but we already have issues with admins handling claims to notability and that is an objective thing. How do we call something objectively AI-generated - articles on enwiki are described as ''likely'' containing AI-generated content, because we just don't know for certain - ie it's not a pass/fail criterion like every other QD criterion. Do we base it on GPTZero score/likelihood? That is what is different about this compared to other issues and why we need to have a slightly different approach instead of just a new criterion which in its previous form which will cause issues. Personally I say expand A3 to address more complex content. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:46, 29 June 2025 (UTC) *:I have a micro-essay on the issues of AI-generated articles here, and why it is a difficult one to just "solve" with a QD criterion: [[User:Ferien/AI]] --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:51, 29 June 2025 (UTC) *:While I understand your point, I would disagree with expanding A3 for two reasons: *:The first being that changing A3 to fit "complexity" is not possible. The definition of "complexity" is far more subjective than any definition of what is AI, at which point such subjectivity requires an RFD. *:My second issue is that, in the future, it will likely become easier for LLMs to create simple-sounding text, while continuing to be unencyclopedic, meaning that A3 would not necessarily apply to them anymore. *:As AI advances, LLMs will write differently. While it currently struggles to write simple text in an encyclopedic tone without having problems, I suspect that these issues will present themselves differently in the future. Expanding A3 to fit our current definition of the problems of AI today will be obsolete in the future. *:While I am not active in such topics in SEWP, I don't think AI false positives have ever been an issue in SEWP, and such articles are usually very-easily identifiable (see [[WP:DUCK]]). Even in the case of false positives, articles that are so bad that people mistake them for AI should be deleted or TNTed anyway. I would therefore support a new QD criterion. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 01:36, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::I would also use a term like 'automatically-generated'. In the end, AI is just a tool. We care what the article looks like, and we see it has certain deficiencies. What tools were used to make the article are irrelevant. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 07:07, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::Indeed, I should have said A3 expansion would be only one of the things I would actually want to do to address it. Complexity can be pretty objective though, based on whether it contains complex vocabulary not in BE 1500, longer sentences etc which is why it already exists - enwp copies that aren't complex are often declined for A3. I also think we may reach a point where AI-generated articles end up being completely unproblematic and it is difficult to determine which article is AI and which one is not. We are definitely not at that stage yet tho. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:47, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :"'''Seems like''' [[slop|A.I.-slop]]": I think that we should should 'start' with using that '''justification''', in regard to '''RfD '''/AfD.--Before we even consider using that [[soundbyte]] as a 'QD justification', then we should gain experience in ''''much '''use' of 'RfD justification': ''Seems like-A.I. slop''. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|talk]]) 14:01, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *A suggestion for a wording in the form of a deletion criterion - of course based on my personal opinions that a QD criterion could not work in the traditional way but trying to account for fast deletion that gets rid of these quicker than any RfD and the clear majority opinion here. Any feedback would be appreciated. **13. '''Obviously contains AI-generated content''': Pages very likely generated by a [[large language model]] (LLM) and recommended for deletion by at least two editors. *This should be relatively easy to technically implement, where two signatures/users go into the QD template here. So one user nominates then another approves. This is a bit like the PROD idea but faster. Given how closely CAT:QD is monitored, the second user should be quite easy to get, and could maybe be done by passing admins in QD. We could also have a category for QD alone with AI-gen'd contnet? Thoughts? --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:47, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *:I've started [[User:Ferien/AI-QD]] with the ability to add an editor2 - simply added by adding <code>|editor2=(User)</code> onto the template. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 15:09, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *:I really like this idea — seems like a good balance between an admin-discretion QD and a week-long RfD. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 15:17, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::Agreed '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:27, 2 July 2025 (UTC) *:"'''Seems like''' ...", is better than '''Obvious'''.--After all, if things really were obvious, then QD could have taken care of everything. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|talk]]) 15:56, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::I'm afraid I don't understand your comment. QD is designed to take the quick easy (obvious) cases whereas RfD has always been for those that are up for debate. If we change the criterion to "Seems like it contains AI-generated content" then it's up for debate. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:27, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *:::What about something simple like "Contains AI generated content" for obvious cases such as those that refer directly to LLM or other straightforward cases and RfD for the others? I know there will always be some that require a subjective test but I think we are also trying to avoid cases where the RfD outcome would essentially be a case of SNOW. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 14:58, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *:I would support having AIQDs exist in a separate category. I would also recommend making this template physically distinct from a QD template, just as a RFD template is different from a QD template. Perhaps orange? *:My other question is would this be easily addable to Twinkle? I can imagine pressing G13 on the twinkle page, then if there is already a QD template there, it adds your signature. If there are two signatures, perhaps the template becomes red again, and then is moved from a theoretical AIQD to QD. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 17:08, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::Bad idea, to have to persons + one person doing a QD, with a '''subjective''' justification.--It is likely '''better '''to start with RfD /AfD, that have "'''snow''' close", after six days, or 5 days, or 4, or 3, or ... .--These 'fast-track' thingies '''mentioned''', are in regard to "Seems like A.I.-slop". [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2|talk]]) 22:29, 30 June 2025 (UTC) /2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784 *::I like that idea for templates, might be easier to technically implement actually as we already have a function on Twinkle that allows admins to replace a QD with an RfD if they initiate one. There's also the prod and endorsed prod templates on en that could serve as inspiration. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:29, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *:::So where are we at so far. I think we have a consensus for the obvious cases regarding your suggestion of two users. Would that be meaning that the deleting admin is not one of the two? '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:18, 2 July 2025 (UTC) *::::I think that would be good - a user tags the article, a passing admin in CAT:QD sees it and approves, then the next admin can delete. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:29, 2 July 2025 (UTC) *:::::I hereby "tag" [[Honda RBPT|this article]].--It seems 'AI-esque', and it seem complex.--Please go thru the motions of the 'suggested system'.--If this post is regarded as helpful, then fine. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA|talk]]) 22:18, 2 July 2025 (UTC) == I cant make an account! == Hi! Can you help? I cant make an account. It says i "session hijacked". Please help. (im on a Samsung smart tv) '''Thanks!''' --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 09:31, 21 June 2025 (UTC) :Please answer --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 08:05, 22 June 2025 (UTC) ::I'd recommend trying to make an account on another device. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:04, 2 July 2025 (UTC) == Nonsense page == Hi. Theres a new page called "[[Don Davies]]" and all it says is a spam of "Pierre Poilievere" in bold. --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 10:10, 22 June 2025 (UTC)! :Took care of it. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 10:12, 22 June 2025 (UTC) == Vandals == How can i help fight vandalism? Its hard --[[Special:Contributions/112.204.167.209|112.204.167.209]] ([[User talk:112.204.167.209|talk]]) 14:09, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :no My IP changed! --[[Special:Contributions/112.204.167.209|112.204.167.209]] ([[User talk:112.204.167.209|talk]]) 14:11, 22 June 2025 (UTC) == Personal attack question == Would it be a personal attack to say one user is probably a sockpuppet of someone else? [[Special:Contributions/71.236.131.237|71.236.131.237]] ([[User talk:71.236.131.237|talk]]) 17:30, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :If you have a reasonable suspicion - no. However, if it is a "blind" accusation without any evidence, then I advise against making such accusations. [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 19:16, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :I don’t think it is a personal attack. Now, I would suggest providing more evidence to make your case for a connection. I restored your comment so that MathXplorer can judge for themselves. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 19:17, 22 June 2025 (UTC) ::Hello, if you have a suspicion, you can crete a request on [[:WP:RFCU|this page]]. One of the checkusers will then look into the matter, and perform the relevantchecks. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 04:29, 23 June 2025 (UTC) == How do I make this draft better? == I wrote a draft here [[User:Immanuelle/Kabe_Island]] and I feel like it is badly written. Do you have suggestions? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 22:12, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]]: Hi, Immanuelle. Since you had said in the past that you didn't mind people editing your drafts, I just did some cleanup and simplifying on this one. Feel free to revert if you want. :The main thing I see is that the language needs to be simplified, mostly by breaking sentences into smaller pieces. I find it helps to think about our target audience, people whose English is not advanced. They might be trying to understand one sentence at a time, so it helps them to keep the sentences short. One rule of thumb about this is to have only one subject and verb in a sentence, but it goes beyond that. Take a look at the ones I shortened, and see if you understand why I did it in each case. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:03, 24 June 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] I hope you are happy with what I did there. I have another one that I really like but I am very afraid is too complicated right here [[User:Immanuelle/Kumano_Gongen]] [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 20:56, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::Did you mean to remove the categories? -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 21:52, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] I did becase all the categories were redlinks. But I forgot to add new categories. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 21:57, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Some other things I see: ::::*The infobox has a lot of invalid parameters ::::*The Ill template link to your userspace should be removed ::::-- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:01, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::::What about [[User:Immanuelle/Kumano_Gongen]] now? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 22:05, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::It's in a couple of maintenance categories. You could do something to resolve those. ::::::It's usually considered good practice with infoboxes to put one parameter per line. It's not required, but it makes it easier to see the code. ::::::The Commons boxes should go at the top of the other websites section. ::::::A couple of statements in the lead have a lot of references with them. I'd cut it down by a lot. If that removes links that you still want in the article, you could put them in the other websites section. ::::::The Origins and Beliefs about the Three Mountains sections could have some of their sentences combined into paragraphs instead of each being on a separate line. ::::::The big table is in the Beliefs about the Three Mountains section. Does it need its own heading? ::::::Just my thoughts. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:30, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] Is your suggestion to merge in the headings like I did earlier? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 23:28, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::@[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]]: I'm not sure what you mean. Which earlier change are you referring to? -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:02, 26 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] the last edit. Sorry worded that badly. Do you think the current version is better structured? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 00:05, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == What to do about Slowking4's athlete articles? == {{User|Slowking4}} created hundreds of stub articles on athletes, particularly women's volleyball, water polo, and rugby players. Here are some example articles: [[Sarah Chobot]], [[Sarah Pattison]], [[Sarah Landry]], [[Wang Fengjiao]], and [[Valeriya Rylova]]. For the most part, they are formulaic stubs that have a source or two that are databases or rosters. They are mostly orphaned articles and don't exist on other wikis as well. There is never likely to be expansion of them. Most have never competed at the Olympics. I made two batch RFDs for a few articles earlier this month ([[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Slowking volleyball D]] and [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Slowking water polo D]]) both of which resulted in SOFTDELETE as there was no further input. How do we best address these articles? I feel like a bunch of batch RFDs will be tedious and clog RFD. How do we best handle these articles? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 14:37, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :I'd say creating a list and requesting deletion in smaller batches might be a good idea. They do have a bunch of socks though so the list of pages might be quite bigger considering that. I have made a list at [[User:BRPever/test1]]-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 14:55, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :I will try running some query to see if I can narrow the list to pages that are not linked to enwiki pages via wikidata. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:07, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] I have narrowed the list down to ~400 pages by removing pages with links to dewiki, frwiki and enwiki, and it seems this list mostly include pages without any significant coverage. I think this will be a good starting point to work from.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:30, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for compiling this list. Want me to copy it into my user space so you don't need to maintain it? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 17:28, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::Please feel free to copy it. :) --[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 23:24, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Copied it over to my space; thanks for the help! [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:35, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == Feedback == Please give me some feedback on my article [[Raphael (given name)]]. [[User:Rafaelthegreat|Rafaelthegreat]] ([[User talk:Rafaelthegreat|talk]]) 15:14, 26 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Rafaelthegreat|Rafaelthegreat]], welcome to the Simple Wikipedia. I took a look at your article and have a few tips for you. First, it's important to always include sources when you are writing an article. You may want to read [[WP:V]] for more information. It also would be considered a "stub" or short article, so I have tagged it as such. I do like how you included the template to show that the Simple English Wiktionary has a definition for the name. You're on a good track and I encourage you to continue writing! [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 12:59, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks. I am pretty new here. I am usually on the English Wikipedia. [[User:Rafaelthegreat|<span style="color:white; font-weight: bold; background-color:red">'''Rafael'''</span>]] [[User:Rafaelthegreat|<span style="color:red; font-weight: bold; background-color:white">'''Hello!'''</span>]] 13:14, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Ternera|Ternera]]: The infobox adds the Wiktionary template. I actually just suppressed the one that the infobox adds and added it manually to improve the look of the page, even though the Wiktionary entry doesn't have anything that the article doesn't already have. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 16:32, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews == <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> :Hello Victoria, :thank you for the message. Not touching on the subject matter, are you aware that the text that you wrote is of a considerable difficulty, and likely far from what we would consider "Simple English". In that context would it not be likely that the main audience of this project will not understand what you write? - So when you do not get any feedback, this might be because of disinterest, but it might also be because of a failure to communicate with the target audience in a language they actually understand. Those are of course just my thoughts... [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 13:38, 28 June 2025 (UTC) == Writing a simple article on a drug == I have been working on this draft article [[User:Immanuelle/Pink cocaine]]. Are there specific rules or protocols around trying to write simple articles on this topic? I think I did a good job with the beginning. But the table and templates might need some simplification. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 16:24, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :There are no specific rules on articles such as this. Just write it as you would for any other topic. We're not censored so we can, and should, have articles on every notable topic. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 18:29, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::BTW: the article looks fine '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 18:32, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == RFC on paid editing as a CU == Folks on this project are invited to comment on a ongoing RFC on the compatibility of paid editing with CU permissions at [[meta:Requests for comment/Should paid editing as a CU be allowed|this page]]. [[User:Sohom Datta|Sohom]] ([[User talk:Sohom Datta|talk]]) 16:41, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Article title issue [[Kurdish-Yazidi uprising against the Safavids]] == [[Yazidis]] are an Kurdish speaking ethnoreligious group they are not [[Kurdish people]], the article title [[Kurdish-Yazidi uprising against the Safavids]] should be fixed it may mislead readers into thinking they are ethnically Kurdish. Thanks [[Special:Contributions/81.109.99.117|81.109.99.117]] ([[User talk:81.109.99.117|talk]]) 03:24, 1 July 2025 (UTC) :I have moved the page [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 08:07, 1 July 2025 (UTC) ::Agree. I hope that there will be subject experts fixing it. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 14:07, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == Can you please set this up here? == From [[:en:Wikipedia:New pages patrol]]: {{tq|New pages are not indexed by external search engines until they are patrolled.}} I really hope you can set this up on Simple English Wikipedia too. This was most recently discussed in April/May 2024 at [[Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive 159#Enabling noindex in article space]] with overwhelming support. [[Special:Contributions/96.65.201.81|96.65.201.81]] ([[User talk:96.65.201.81|talk]]) 19:44, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :I would definitely support this. It seems Eptalon was looking into it last year and there has been no update since then? [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 19:47, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ::I'd have to find the exact link for it but I believe someone either from WMF or on the technical side of things said they'd rather not change it, after that discussion finished. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:03, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :::Yeah, I'd have doubts also. Most new pages are not patrolled '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:32, 2 July 2025 (UTC) kvkg9ng6ngrw5dsaqw5614e8geub9je 10368389 10368359 2025-07-02T22:30:48Z Ferien 1011873 /* Handling AI articles */ Reply 10368389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive %(counter)d |algo = old(10d) |counter = 169 |maxarchivesize = 125K |minthreadsleft = 5 }} {{Skip to top and bottom}} {{Please leave this line alone.}} <!-- Questions go here. Post new questions at the BOTTOM of the page. --> == Handling AI articles == Hiyas! I haven't been around as much as I'd like to, so may have missed a discussion on this (lmk if one has already happened). I came across [[Separatism in Russia]], an article [[Special:Diff/10343227|almost certainly written]] by a LLM with no/minimal human review. It doesn't fall under any of the existing QD criteria, but also isn't a traditional candidate for RfD as the topic is notable, just the content is bad (though is currently at RfD). Given the ease with which people can now generate large amounts of text that may be hiding LLM hallucinations...how should we be handling articles of this kind? I'd think about simply blanking and redirecting it to a relevant article with human-reviewed content, but that might be a bit too bold. Best, [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 01:01, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :Hiya. Yes, we have been discussing this topic. At first we considered QDing them as Complex articles under a proposed G13 criteria but that went nowhere. Now we tend to RfD them, although that obviously takes time and is one of the reasons we have so many RfDs. I'd advise you to read and comment on [[WP:AI]]. It's become quite a problem, one which we haven't yet figured out. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:10, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::^What Freekman said - we don't have an official way of handling these, Some people tag them under {{tl|AI-notice}} where they then simple sit and go forgotten about/rot for years to come, and others like myself just send them straight to RFD if the Enwiki article is too complex (I try where possible). –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 01:23, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :::I also agree with having a QD criterion, I can't remember what I said in the last discussion but I probably Opposed on the basis that "they could be rewritten/improved" however that theory has turned out to be wrong as they don't get improved or rewritten - they just sit dormant for years until someone randomly stumbles upon it :::So yes I support a QD criterion, Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 20:38, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::If anyone has any ideas, we can expand on it. I was thinking of making a section at RFD specifically for AI related page that act as [[:en:WP:PROD]] and the gets deleted if there is no improvement in a week. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 12:53, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :::I agree with the idea. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 15:07, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::{{re|Fr33kman}} Is 5 out of 99 RfDs (or 3 out of 109 RfDs at the time you commented) mentioning AI in the nomination or comments really a reason for so many RfDs? The data isn't adding up. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 21:01, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::I think the way forward is the QD option and from what I'm reading a few good others agree. There are a fair few other QD criteria that don't get used often but we have them as options. How many RfDs have we had since the AI thing became an issue? A lot of people have expressed a dislike of AI generated content. Perhaps it's a good idea to have a formal poll? '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 22:03, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::::{{re|Fr33kman}} The question was simply about whether it was one of the reasons it's that we have a massive backlog of RfDs, that you mentioned in your comment, which it is not based on the data. And QD criteria also need to be objective which has not been demonstrated here yet either. A4 is already heavily misused so why would it be a good idea to open us up to another potential criterion that is ''genuinely'' subjective and likely to be misused. The QD criterion feels like a solution looking for a problem, these articles ''will'' be deleted on-sight or within 7 days at RfD, why go against the fundamentals of our deletion policy for an issue that is affecting so few of our existing RfDs. No-one is doubting it is an issue but the scope of it is certainly up for debate and whether it needs such a drastic change in QD policy. Once someone talks about how we can make this an objective pass/fail criterion for QD like every single other one I will happily stop pushing back on this issue, but it's not possible which is why it hasn't been implemented yet. ::::And please, let's not formally "poll" the community, we work on consensus not polling &ndash; ''that'' is ironically something we need to fix in our RfDs with people making such poor baseless arguments or none at all that consensus is more difficult/controversial to determine, prolonging RfD closures and increasing the backlog in the process. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:42, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::::You say "these articles will be deleted on-sight": how will they be deleted on sight without a QD criteria? They will only be deleted after an RfD. I think everyone is on the same page in that we all want them to be deleted, it's just a matter of how. Right now, as I see it, most people who have commented agree with the QD option. I do agree that it is not as objective as we would like. I'm not sure how to address that. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:33, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::I think there are differing opinions so maybe it's time we list the options and see what most people agree to. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 23:38, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::I totally agree '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 16:53, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :::::Our inability to objectively know if something is AI-written does not negate the possibility of a QD criteria. There are going to be very obvious AI articles, and less obvious ones, and it's not necessary that all be strictly classifiable for a QD criteria to be useful. It's possible that some can be deleted as hoaxes, but I do think a well-worded QD criteria would be helpful in dealing with these articles. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 14:12, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::I agree. We could use G13 for obvious AI articles and RfD when we aren't sure. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 16:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *I'd personally prefer to have clearly AI generated content straight deleted. We can't just go with A3, as the articles aren't copied over from another wiki. However, complex articles with possible false information damaged the reputation of the project. I'd support the G13 reason. I'm yet not very worried about AI usage in discussions. If that becomes a wider problem, we can talk about it again. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 15:01, 20 June 2025 (UTC) *What about introducing another QD criterion? - "The article was likely generated automatically, and has not been reviewed by a human edutor"? - AI can be helpful, but such articles at least need a rewview.--[[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 10:11, 21 June 2025 (UTC) *:That's essentially the idea behind G13 '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:17, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :I think at this point, this problem isn't going away and a QD criteria for it would be suitable. I don't think discussing each one gains us much and simply wastes time at AfD which is already severely missing '''[[User:Lee Vilenski|<span style="color:green">Lee Vilenski</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Lee Vilenski|talk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Lee Vilenski|contribs]])</sup>''' 10:55, 21 June 2025 (UTC) :I agree with a new QD criterion. I'm generally uneasy about a PROD/RfD approach because improving LLM-generated articles means we possibly keep their output in revision history or in the article itself. The issue here is twofold — first, we may keep unverified or incorrect text; second, we cannot be assured that it is not a copyvio. Here is an example of the latter: [[:File:Using LLMs to write Wikipedia content.pdf]] (aside: by AI standards, this is an eternity ago — but I suspect the tools most people have access to are not SOTA nor particularly more advanced than the example). My understanding is also that the copyright status of LLM-generated text is not definite in the United States. In other words, if the text is already problematic and unworkable, we may as well QD it. [[User talk:Hiàn#top|Hiàn]] 02:21, 24 June 2025 (UTC) *Handling these articles with QD is of course the most appealing way to do it and that's why it's what everyone wants but QD involves objective criteria. I don't think anyone wants these articles to stick about but we already have issues with admins handling claims to notability and that is an objective thing. How do we call something objectively AI-generated - articles on enwiki are described as ''likely'' containing AI-generated content, because we just don't know for certain - ie it's not a pass/fail criterion like every other QD criterion. Do we base it on GPTZero score/likelihood? That is what is different about this compared to other issues and why we need to have a slightly different approach instead of just a new criterion which in its previous form which will cause issues. Personally I say expand A3 to address more complex content. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:46, 29 June 2025 (UTC) *:I have a micro-essay on the issues of AI-generated articles here, and why it is a difficult one to just "solve" with a QD criterion: [[User:Ferien/AI]] --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:51, 29 June 2025 (UTC) *:While I understand your point, I would disagree with expanding A3 for two reasons: *:The first being that changing A3 to fit "complexity" is not possible. The definition of "complexity" is far more subjective than any definition of what is AI, at which point such subjectivity requires an RFD. *:My second issue is that, in the future, it will likely become easier for LLMs to create simple-sounding text, while continuing to be unencyclopedic, meaning that A3 would not necessarily apply to them anymore. *:As AI advances, LLMs will write differently. While it currently struggles to write simple text in an encyclopedic tone without having problems, I suspect that these issues will present themselves differently in the future. Expanding A3 to fit our current definition of the problems of AI today will be obsolete in the future. *:While I am not active in such topics in SEWP, I don't think AI false positives have ever been an issue in SEWP, and such articles are usually very-easily identifiable (see [[WP:DUCK]]). Even in the case of false positives, articles that are so bad that people mistake them for AI should be deleted or TNTed anyway. I would therefore support a new QD criterion. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 01:36, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::I would also use a term like 'automatically-generated'. In the end, AI is just a tool. We care what the article looks like, and we see it has certain deficiencies. What tools were used to make the article are irrelevant. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 07:07, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::Indeed, I should have said A3 expansion would be only one of the things I would actually want to do to address it. Complexity can be pretty objective though, based on whether it contains complex vocabulary not in BE 1500, longer sentences etc which is why it already exists - enwp copies that aren't complex are often declined for A3. I also think we may reach a point where AI-generated articles end up being completely unproblematic and it is difficult to determine which article is AI and which one is not. We are definitely not at that stage yet tho. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:47, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :"'''Seems like''' [[slop|A.I.-slop]]": I think that we should should 'start' with using that '''justification''', in regard to '''RfD '''/AfD.--Before we even consider using that [[soundbyte]] as a 'QD justification', then we should gain experience in ''''much '''use' of 'RfD justification': ''Seems like-A.I. slop''. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|talk]]) 14:01, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *A suggestion for a wording in the form of a deletion criterion - of course based on my personal opinions that a QD criterion could not work in the traditional way but trying to account for fast deletion that gets rid of these quicker than any RfD and the clear majority opinion here. Any feedback would be appreciated. **13. '''Obviously contains AI-generated content''': Pages very likely generated by a [[large language model]] (LLM) and recommended for deletion by at least two editors. *This should be relatively easy to technically implement, where two signatures/users go into the QD template here. So one user nominates then another approves. This is a bit like the PROD idea but faster. Given how closely CAT:QD is monitored, the second user should be quite easy to get, and could maybe be done by passing admins in QD. We could also have a category for QD alone with AI-gen'd contnet? Thoughts? --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:47, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *:I've started [[User:Ferien/AI-QD]] with the ability to add an editor2 - simply added by adding <code>|editor2=(User)</code> onto the template. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 15:09, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *:I really like this idea — seems like a good balance between an admin-discretion QD and a week-long RfD. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 15:17, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::Agreed '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:27, 2 July 2025 (UTC) *:"'''Seems like''' ...", is better than '''Obvious'''.--After all, if things really were obvious, then QD could have taken care of everything. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|talk]]) 15:56, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::I'm afraid I don't understand your comment. QD is designed to take the quick easy (obvious) cases whereas RfD has always been for those that are up for debate. If we change the criterion to "Seems like it contains AI-generated content" then it's up for debate. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:27, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *:::What about something simple like "Contains AI generated content" for obvious cases such as those that refer directly to LLM or other straightforward cases and RfD for the others? I know there will always be some that require a subjective test but I think we are also trying to avoid cases where the RfD outcome would essentially be a case of SNOW. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 14:58, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *:I would support having AIQDs exist in a separate category. I would also recommend making this template physically distinct from a QD template, just as a RFD template is different from a QD template. Perhaps orange? *:My other question is would this be easily addable to Twinkle? I can imagine pressing G13 on the twinkle page, then if there is already a QD template there, it adds your signature. If there are two signatures, perhaps the template becomes red again, and then is moved from a theoretical AIQD to QD. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 17:08, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::Bad idea, to have to persons + one person doing a QD, with a '''subjective''' justification.--It is likely '''better '''to start with RfD /AfD, that have "'''snow''' close", after six days, or 5 days, or 4, or 3, or ... .--These 'fast-track' thingies '''mentioned''', are in regard to "Seems like A.I.-slop". [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2|talk]]) 22:29, 30 June 2025 (UTC) /2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784 *::I like that idea for templates, might be easier to technically implement actually as we already have a function on Twinkle that allows admins to replace a QD with an RfD if they initiate one. There's also the prod and endorsed prod templates on en that could serve as inspiration. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:29, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *:::So where are we at so far. I think we have a consensus for the obvious cases regarding your suggestion of two users. Would that be meaning that the deleting admin is not one of the two? '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:18, 2 July 2025 (UTC) *::::I think that would be good - a user tags the article, a passing admin in CAT:QD sees it and approves, then the next admin can delete. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:29, 2 July 2025 (UTC) *:::::I hereby "tag" [[Honda RBPT|this article]].--It seems 'AI-esque', and it seem complex.--Please go thru the motions of the 'suggested system'.--If this post is regarded as helpful, then fine. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA|talk]]) 22:18, 2 July 2025 (UTC) *::::::I am personally holding back on my dozen or so articles I've seen and collected that are very likely AI-generated to avoid potentially flooding RfD further, and giving a chance to use any new system that may be created. I'll add that to the list. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:30, 2 July 2025 (UTC) == I cant make an account! == Hi! Can you help? I cant make an account. It says i "session hijacked". Please help. (im on a Samsung smart tv) '''Thanks!''' --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 09:31, 21 June 2025 (UTC) :Please answer --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 08:05, 22 June 2025 (UTC) ::I'd recommend trying to make an account on another device. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:04, 2 July 2025 (UTC) == Nonsense page == Hi. Theres a new page called "[[Don Davies]]" and all it says is a spam of "Pierre Poilievere" in bold. --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 10:10, 22 June 2025 (UTC)! :Took care of it. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 10:12, 22 June 2025 (UTC) == Vandals == How can i help fight vandalism? Its hard --[[Special:Contributions/112.204.167.209|112.204.167.209]] ([[User talk:112.204.167.209|talk]]) 14:09, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :no My IP changed! --[[Special:Contributions/112.204.167.209|112.204.167.209]] ([[User talk:112.204.167.209|talk]]) 14:11, 22 June 2025 (UTC) == Personal attack question == Would it be a personal attack to say one user is probably a sockpuppet of someone else? [[Special:Contributions/71.236.131.237|71.236.131.237]] ([[User talk:71.236.131.237|talk]]) 17:30, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :If you have a reasonable suspicion - no. However, if it is a "blind" accusation without any evidence, then I advise against making such accusations. [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 19:16, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :I don’t think it is a personal attack. Now, I would suggest providing more evidence to make your case for a connection. I restored your comment so that MathXplorer can judge for themselves. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 19:17, 22 June 2025 (UTC) ::Hello, if you have a suspicion, you can crete a request on [[:WP:RFCU|this page]]. One of the checkusers will then look into the matter, and perform the relevantchecks. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 04:29, 23 June 2025 (UTC) == How do I make this draft better? == I wrote a draft here [[User:Immanuelle/Kabe_Island]] and I feel like it is badly written. Do you have suggestions? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 22:12, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]]: Hi, Immanuelle. Since you had said in the past that you didn't mind people editing your drafts, I just did some cleanup and simplifying on this one. Feel free to revert if you want. :The main thing I see is that the language needs to be simplified, mostly by breaking sentences into smaller pieces. I find it helps to think about our target audience, people whose English is not advanced. They might be trying to understand one sentence at a time, so it helps them to keep the sentences short. One rule of thumb about this is to have only one subject and verb in a sentence, but it goes beyond that. Take a look at the ones I shortened, and see if you understand why I did it in each case. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:03, 24 June 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] I hope you are happy with what I did there. I have another one that I really like but I am very afraid is too complicated right here [[User:Immanuelle/Kumano_Gongen]] [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 20:56, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::Did you mean to remove the categories? -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 21:52, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] I did becase all the categories were redlinks. But I forgot to add new categories. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 21:57, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Some other things I see: ::::*The infobox has a lot of invalid parameters ::::*The Ill template link to your userspace should be removed ::::-- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:01, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::::What about [[User:Immanuelle/Kumano_Gongen]] now? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 22:05, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::It's in a couple of maintenance categories. You could do something to resolve those. ::::::It's usually considered good practice with infoboxes to put one parameter per line. It's not required, but it makes it easier to see the code. ::::::The Commons boxes should go at the top of the other websites section. ::::::A couple of statements in the lead have a lot of references with them. I'd cut it down by a lot. If that removes links that you still want in the article, you could put them in the other websites section. ::::::The Origins and Beliefs about the Three Mountains sections could have some of their sentences combined into paragraphs instead of each being on a separate line. ::::::The big table is in the Beliefs about the Three Mountains section. Does it need its own heading? ::::::Just my thoughts. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:30, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] Is your suggestion to merge in the headings like I did earlier? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 23:28, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::@[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]]: I'm not sure what you mean. Which earlier change are you referring to? -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:02, 26 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] the last edit. Sorry worded that badly. Do you think the current version is better structured? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 00:05, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == What to do about Slowking4's athlete articles? == {{User|Slowking4}} created hundreds of stub articles on athletes, particularly women's volleyball, water polo, and rugby players. Here are some example articles: [[Sarah Chobot]], [[Sarah Pattison]], [[Sarah Landry]], [[Wang Fengjiao]], and [[Valeriya Rylova]]. For the most part, they are formulaic stubs that have a source or two that are databases or rosters. They are mostly orphaned articles and don't exist on other wikis as well. There is never likely to be expansion of them. Most have never competed at the Olympics. I made two batch RFDs for a few articles earlier this month ([[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Slowking volleyball D]] and [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Slowking water polo D]]) both of which resulted in SOFTDELETE as there was no further input. How do we best address these articles? I feel like a bunch of batch RFDs will be tedious and clog RFD. How do we best handle these articles? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 14:37, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :I'd say creating a list and requesting deletion in smaller batches might be a good idea. They do have a bunch of socks though so the list of pages might be quite bigger considering that. I have made a list at [[User:BRPever/test1]]-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 14:55, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :I will try running some query to see if I can narrow the list to pages that are not linked to enwiki pages via wikidata. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:07, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] I have narrowed the list down to ~400 pages by removing pages with links to dewiki, frwiki and enwiki, and it seems this list mostly include pages without any significant coverage. I think this will be a good starting point to work from.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:30, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for compiling this list. Want me to copy it into my user space so you don't need to maintain it? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 17:28, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::Please feel free to copy it. :) --[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 23:24, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Copied it over to my space; thanks for the help! [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:35, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == Feedback == Please give me some feedback on my article [[Raphael (given name)]]. [[User:Rafaelthegreat|Rafaelthegreat]] ([[User talk:Rafaelthegreat|talk]]) 15:14, 26 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Rafaelthegreat|Rafaelthegreat]], welcome to the Simple Wikipedia. I took a look at your article and have a few tips for you. First, it's important to always include sources when you are writing an article. You may want to read [[WP:V]] for more information. It also would be considered a "stub" or short article, so I have tagged it as such. I do like how you included the template to show that the Simple English Wiktionary has a definition for the name. You're on a good track and I encourage you to continue writing! [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 12:59, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks. I am pretty new here. I am usually on the English Wikipedia. [[User:Rafaelthegreat|<span style="color:white; font-weight: bold; background-color:red">'''Rafael'''</span>]] [[User:Rafaelthegreat|<span style="color:red; font-weight: bold; background-color:white">'''Hello!'''</span>]] 13:14, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Ternera|Ternera]]: The infobox adds the Wiktionary template. I actually just suppressed the one that the infobox adds and added it manually to improve the look of the page, even though the Wiktionary entry doesn't have anything that the article doesn't already have. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 16:32, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews == <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> :Hello Victoria, :thank you for the message. Not touching on the subject matter, are you aware that the text that you wrote is of a considerable difficulty, and likely far from what we would consider "Simple English". In that context would it not be likely that the main audience of this project will not understand what you write? - So when you do not get any feedback, this might be because of disinterest, but it might also be because of a failure to communicate with the target audience in a language they actually understand. Those are of course just my thoughts... [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 13:38, 28 June 2025 (UTC) == Writing a simple article on a drug == I have been working on this draft article [[User:Immanuelle/Pink cocaine]]. Are there specific rules or protocols around trying to write simple articles on this topic? I think I did a good job with the beginning. But the table and templates might need some simplification. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 16:24, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :There are no specific rules on articles such as this. Just write it as you would for any other topic. We're not censored so we can, and should, have articles on every notable topic. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 18:29, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::BTW: the article looks fine '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 18:32, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == RFC on paid editing as a CU == Folks on this project are invited to comment on a ongoing RFC on the compatibility of paid editing with CU permissions at [[meta:Requests for comment/Should paid editing as a CU be allowed|this page]]. [[User:Sohom Datta|Sohom]] ([[User talk:Sohom Datta|talk]]) 16:41, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Article title issue [[Kurdish-Yazidi uprising against the Safavids]] == [[Yazidis]] are an Kurdish speaking ethnoreligious group they are not [[Kurdish people]], the article title [[Kurdish-Yazidi uprising against the Safavids]] should be fixed it may mislead readers into thinking they are ethnically Kurdish. Thanks [[Special:Contributions/81.109.99.117|81.109.99.117]] ([[User talk:81.109.99.117|talk]]) 03:24, 1 July 2025 (UTC) :I have moved the page [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 08:07, 1 July 2025 (UTC) ::Agree. I hope that there will be subject experts fixing it. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 14:07, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == Can you please set this up here? == From [[:en:Wikipedia:New pages patrol]]: {{tq|New pages are not indexed by external search engines until they are patrolled.}} I really hope you can set this up on Simple English Wikipedia too. This was most recently discussed in April/May 2024 at [[Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive 159#Enabling noindex in article space]] with overwhelming support. [[Special:Contributions/96.65.201.81|96.65.201.81]] ([[User talk:96.65.201.81|talk]]) 19:44, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :I would definitely support this. It seems Eptalon was looking into it last year and there has been no update since then? [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 19:47, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ::I'd have to find the exact link for it but I believe someone either from WMF or on the technical side of things said they'd rather not change it, after that discussion finished. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:03, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :::Yeah, I'd have doubts also. Most new pages are not patrolled '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:32, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ajrowmlsi2ajh2zd3s9a78ns3jjqqm3 10368914 10368389 2025-07-03T04:00:34Z Bot873 764901 Bot: Archiving 2 threads (older than 10 days) to [[Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive 169]] 10368914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive %(counter)d |algo = old(10d) |counter = 169 |maxarchivesize = 125K |minthreadsleft = 5 }} {{Skip to top and bottom}} {{Please leave this line alone.}} <!-- Questions go here. Post new questions at the BOTTOM of the page. --> == Handling AI articles == Hiyas! I haven't been around as much as I'd like to, so may have missed a discussion on this (lmk if one has already happened). I came across [[Separatism in Russia]], an article [[Special:Diff/10343227|almost certainly written]] by a LLM with no/minimal human review. It doesn't fall under any of the existing QD criteria, but also isn't a traditional candidate for RfD as the topic is notable, just the content is bad (though is currently at RfD). Given the ease with which people can now generate large amounts of text that may be hiding LLM hallucinations...how should we be handling articles of this kind? I'd think about simply blanking and redirecting it to a relevant article with human-reviewed content, but that might be a bit too bold. Best, [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 01:01, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :Hiya. Yes, we have been discussing this topic. At first we considered QDing them as Complex articles under a proposed G13 criteria but that went nowhere. Now we tend to RfD them, although that obviously takes time and is one of the reasons we have so many RfDs. I'd advise you to read and comment on [[WP:AI]]. It's become quite a problem, one which we haven't yet figured out. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:10, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::^What Freekman said - we don't have an official way of handling these, Some people tag them under {{tl|AI-notice}} where they then simple sit and go forgotten about/rot for years to come, and others like myself just send them straight to RFD if the Enwiki article is too complex (I try where possible). –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 01:23, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :::I also agree with having a QD criterion, I can't remember what I said in the last discussion but I probably Opposed on the basis that "they could be rewritten/improved" however that theory has turned out to be wrong as they don't get improved or rewritten - they just sit dormant for years until someone randomly stumbles upon it :::So yes I support a QD criterion, Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 20:38, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::If anyone has any ideas, we can expand on it. I was thinking of making a section at RFD specifically for AI related page that act as [[:en:WP:PROD]] and the gets deleted if there is no improvement in a week. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 12:53, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :::I agree with the idea. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 15:07, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::{{re|Fr33kman}} Is 5 out of 99 RfDs (or 3 out of 109 RfDs at the time you commented) mentioning AI in the nomination or comments really a reason for so many RfDs? The data isn't adding up. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 21:01, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::I think the way forward is the QD option and from what I'm reading a few good others agree. There are a fair few other QD criteria that don't get used often but we have them as options. How many RfDs have we had since the AI thing became an issue? A lot of people have expressed a dislike of AI generated content. Perhaps it's a good idea to have a formal poll? '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 22:03, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::::{{re|Fr33kman}} The question was simply about whether it was one of the reasons it's that we have a massive backlog of RfDs, that you mentioned in your comment, which it is not based on the data. And QD criteria also need to be objective which has not been demonstrated here yet either. A4 is already heavily misused so why would it be a good idea to open us up to another potential criterion that is ''genuinely'' subjective and likely to be misused. The QD criterion feels like a solution looking for a problem, these articles ''will'' be deleted on-sight or within 7 days at RfD, why go against the fundamentals of our deletion policy for an issue that is affecting so few of our existing RfDs. No-one is doubting it is an issue but the scope of it is certainly up for debate and whether it needs such a drastic change in QD policy. Once someone talks about how we can make this an objective pass/fail criterion for QD like every single other one I will happily stop pushing back on this issue, but it's not possible which is why it hasn't been implemented yet. ::::And please, let's not formally "poll" the community, we work on consensus not polling &ndash; ''that'' is ironically something we need to fix in our RfDs with people making such poor baseless arguments or none at all that consensus is more difficult/controversial to determine, prolonging RfD closures and increasing the backlog in the process. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:42, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::::You say "these articles will be deleted on-sight": how will they be deleted on sight without a QD criteria? They will only be deleted after an RfD. I think everyone is on the same page in that we all want them to be deleted, it's just a matter of how. Right now, as I see it, most people who have commented agree with the QD option. I do agree that it is not as objective as we would like. I'm not sure how to address that. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:33, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::I think there are differing opinions so maybe it's time we list the options and see what most people agree to. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 23:38, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::I totally agree '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 16:53, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :::::Our inability to objectively know if something is AI-written does not negate the possibility of a QD criteria. There are going to be very obvious AI articles, and less obvious ones, and it's not necessary that all be strictly classifiable for a QD criteria to be useful. It's possible that some can be deleted as hoaxes, but I do think a well-worded QD criteria would be helpful in dealing with these articles. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 14:12, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::I agree. We could use G13 for obvious AI articles and RfD when we aren't sure. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 16:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *I'd personally prefer to have clearly AI generated content straight deleted. We can't just go with A3, as the articles aren't copied over from another wiki. However, complex articles with possible false information damaged the reputation of the project. I'd support the G13 reason. I'm yet not very worried about AI usage in discussions. If that becomes a wider problem, we can talk about it again. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 15:01, 20 June 2025 (UTC) *What about introducing another QD criterion? - "The article was likely generated automatically, and has not been reviewed by a human edutor"? - AI can be helpful, but such articles at least need a rewview.--[[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 10:11, 21 June 2025 (UTC) *:That's essentially the idea behind G13 '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:17, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :I think at this point, this problem isn't going away and a QD criteria for it would be suitable. I don't think discussing each one gains us much and simply wastes time at AfD which is already severely missing '''[[User:Lee Vilenski|<span style="color:green">Lee Vilenski</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Lee Vilenski|talk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Lee Vilenski|contribs]])</sup>''' 10:55, 21 June 2025 (UTC) :I agree with a new QD criterion. I'm generally uneasy about a PROD/RfD approach because improving LLM-generated articles means we possibly keep their output in revision history or in the article itself. The issue here is twofold — first, we may keep unverified or incorrect text; second, we cannot be assured that it is not a copyvio. Here is an example of the latter: [[:File:Using LLMs to write Wikipedia content.pdf]] (aside: by AI standards, this is an eternity ago — but I suspect the tools most people have access to are not SOTA nor particularly more advanced than the example). My understanding is also that the copyright status of LLM-generated text is not definite in the United States. In other words, if the text is already problematic and unworkable, we may as well QD it. [[User talk:Hiàn#top|Hiàn]] 02:21, 24 June 2025 (UTC) *Handling these articles with QD is of course the most appealing way to do it and that's why it's what everyone wants but QD involves objective criteria. I don't think anyone wants these articles to stick about but we already have issues with admins handling claims to notability and that is an objective thing. How do we call something objectively AI-generated - articles on enwiki are described as ''likely'' containing AI-generated content, because we just don't know for certain - ie it's not a pass/fail criterion like every other QD criterion. Do we base it on GPTZero score/likelihood? That is what is different about this compared to other issues and why we need to have a slightly different approach instead of just a new criterion which in its previous form which will cause issues. Personally I say expand A3 to address more complex content. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:46, 29 June 2025 (UTC) *:I have a micro-essay on the issues of AI-generated articles here, and why it is a difficult one to just "solve" with a QD criterion: [[User:Ferien/AI]] --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:51, 29 June 2025 (UTC) *:While I understand your point, I would disagree with expanding A3 for two reasons: *:The first being that changing A3 to fit "complexity" is not possible. The definition of "complexity" is far more subjective than any definition of what is AI, at which point such subjectivity requires an RFD. *:My second issue is that, in the future, it will likely become easier for LLMs to create simple-sounding text, while continuing to be unencyclopedic, meaning that A3 would not necessarily apply to them anymore. *:As AI advances, LLMs will write differently. While it currently struggles to write simple text in an encyclopedic tone without having problems, I suspect that these issues will present themselves differently in the future. Expanding A3 to fit our current definition of the problems of AI today will be obsolete in the future. *:While I am not active in such topics in SEWP, I don't think AI false positives have ever been an issue in SEWP, and such articles are usually very-easily identifiable (see [[WP:DUCK]]). Even in the case of false positives, articles that are so bad that people mistake them for AI should be deleted or TNTed anyway. I would therefore support a new QD criterion. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 01:36, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::I would also use a term like 'automatically-generated'. In the end, AI is just a tool. We care what the article looks like, and we see it has certain deficiencies. What tools were used to make the article are irrelevant. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 07:07, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::Indeed, I should have said A3 expansion would be only one of the things I would actually want to do to address it. Complexity can be pretty objective though, based on whether it contains complex vocabulary not in BE 1500, longer sentences etc which is why it already exists - enwp copies that aren't complex are often declined for A3. I also think we may reach a point where AI-generated articles end up being completely unproblematic and it is difficult to determine which article is AI and which one is not. We are definitely not at that stage yet tho. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:47, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :"'''Seems like''' [[slop|A.I.-slop]]": I think that we should should 'start' with using that '''justification''', in regard to '''RfD '''/AfD.--Before we even consider using that [[soundbyte]] as a 'QD justification', then we should gain experience in ''''much '''use' of 'RfD justification': ''Seems like-A.I. slop''. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|talk]]) 14:01, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *A suggestion for a wording in the form of a deletion criterion - of course based on my personal opinions that a QD criterion could not work in the traditional way but trying to account for fast deletion that gets rid of these quicker than any RfD and the clear majority opinion here. Any feedback would be appreciated. **13. '''Obviously contains AI-generated content''': Pages very likely generated by a [[large language model]] (LLM) and recommended for deletion by at least two editors. *This should be relatively easy to technically implement, where two signatures/users go into the QD template here. So one user nominates then another approves. This is a bit like the PROD idea but faster. Given how closely CAT:QD is monitored, the second user should be quite easy to get, and could maybe be done by passing admins in QD. We could also have a category for QD alone with AI-gen'd contnet? Thoughts? --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:47, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *:I've started [[User:Ferien/AI-QD]] with the ability to add an editor2 - simply added by adding <code>|editor2=(User)</code> onto the template. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 15:09, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *:I really like this idea — seems like a good balance between an admin-discretion QD and a week-long RfD. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 15:17, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::Agreed '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:27, 2 July 2025 (UTC) *:"'''Seems like''' ...", is better than '''Obvious'''.--After all, if things really were obvious, then QD could have taken care of everything. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|talk]]) 15:56, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::I'm afraid I don't understand your comment. QD is designed to take the quick easy (obvious) cases whereas RfD has always been for those that are up for debate. If we change the criterion to "Seems like it contains AI-generated content" then it's up for debate. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:27, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *:::What about something simple like "Contains AI generated content" for obvious cases such as those that refer directly to LLM or other straightforward cases and RfD for the others? I know there will always be some that require a subjective test but I think we are also trying to avoid cases where the RfD outcome would essentially be a case of SNOW. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 14:58, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *:I would support having AIQDs exist in a separate category. I would also recommend making this template physically distinct from a QD template, just as a RFD template is different from a QD template. Perhaps orange? *:My other question is would this be easily addable to Twinkle? I can imagine pressing G13 on the twinkle page, then if there is already a QD template there, it adds your signature. If there are two signatures, perhaps the template becomes red again, and then is moved from a theoretical AIQD to QD. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 17:08, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::Bad idea, to have to persons + one person doing a QD, with a '''subjective''' justification.--It is likely '''better '''to start with RfD /AfD, that have "'''snow''' close", after six days, or 5 days, or 4, or 3, or ... .--These 'fast-track' thingies '''mentioned''', are in regard to "Seems like A.I.-slop". [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2|talk]]) 22:29, 30 June 2025 (UTC) /2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784 *::I like that idea for templates, might be easier to technically implement actually as we already have a function on Twinkle that allows admins to replace a QD with an RfD if they initiate one. There's also the prod and endorsed prod templates on en that could serve as inspiration. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:29, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *:::So where are we at so far. I think we have a consensus for the obvious cases regarding your suggestion of two users. Would that be meaning that the deleting admin is not one of the two? '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:18, 2 July 2025 (UTC) *::::I think that would be good - a user tags the article, a passing admin in CAT:QD sees it and approves, then the next admin can delete. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:29, 2 July 2025 (UTC) *:::::I hereby "tag" [[Honda RBPT|this article]].--It seems 'AI-esque', and it seem complex.--Please go thru the motions of the 'suggested system'.--If this post is regarded as helpful, then fine. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA|talk]]) 22:18, 2 July 2025 (UTC) *::::::I am personally holding back on my dozen or so articles I've seen and collected that are very likely AI-generated to avoid potentially flooding RfD further, and giving a chance to use any new system that may be created. I'll add that to the list. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:30, 2 July 2025 (UTC) == I cant make an account! == Hi! Can you help? I cant make an account. It says i "session hijacked". Please help. (im on a Samsung smart tv) '''Thanks!''' --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 09:31, 21 June 2025 (UTC) :Please answer --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 08:05, 22 June 2025 (UTC) ::I'd recommend trying to make an account on another device. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:04, 2 July 2025 (UTC) == Personal attack question == Would it be a personal attack to say one user is probably a sockpuppet of someone else? [[Special:Contributions/71.236.131.237|71.236.131.237]] ([[User talk:71.236.131.237|talk]]) 17:30, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :If you have a reasonable suspicion - no. However, if it is a "blind" accusation without any evidence, then I advise against making such accusations. [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 19:16, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :I don’t think it is a personal attack. Now, I would suggest providing more evidence to make your case for a connection. I restored your comment so that MathXplorer can judge for themselves. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 19:17, 22 June 2025 (UTC) ::Hello, if you have a suspicion, you can crete a request on [[:WP:RFCU|this page]]. One of the checkusers will then look into the matter, and perform the relevantchecks. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 04:29, 23 June 2025 (UTC) == How do I make this draft better? == I wrote a draft here [[User:Immanuelle/Kabe_Island]] and I feel like it is badly written. Do you have suggestions? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 22:12, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]]: Hi, Immanuelle. Since you had said in the past that you didn't mind people editing your drafts, I just did some cleanup and simplifying on this one. Feel free to revert if you want. :The main thing I see is that the language needs to be simplified, mostly by breaking sentences into smaller pieces. I find it helps to think about our target audience, people whose English is not advanced. They might be trying to understand one sentence at a time, so it helps them to keep the sentences short. One rule of thumb about this is to have only one subject and verb in a sentence, but it goes beyond that. Take a look at the ones I shortened, and see if you understand why I did it in each case. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:03, 24 June 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] I hope you are happy with what I did there. I have another one that I really like but I am very afraid is too complicated right here [[User:Immanuelle/Kumano_Gongen]] [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 20:56, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::Did you mean to remove the categories? -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 21:52, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] I did becase all the categories were redlinks. But I forgot to add new categories. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 21:57, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Some other things I see: ::::*The infobox has a lot of invalid parameters ::::*The Ill template link to your userspace should be removed ::::-- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:01, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::::What about [[User:Immanuelle/Kumano_Gongen]] now? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 22:05, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::It's in a couple of maintenance categories. You could do something to resolve those. ::::::It's usually considered good practice with infoboxes to put one parameter per line. It's not required, but it makes it easier to see the code. ::::::The Commons boxes should go at the top of the other websites section. ::::::A couple of statements in the lead have a lot of references with them. I'd cut it down by a lot. If that removes links that you still want in the article, you could put them in the other websites section. ::::::The Origins and Beliefs about the Three Mountains sections could have some of their sentences combined into paragraphs instead of each being on a separate line. ::::::The big table is in the Beliefs about the Three Mountains section. Does it need its own heading? ::::::Just my thoughts. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:30, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] Is your suggestion to merge in the headings like I did earlier? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 23:28, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::@[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]]: I'm not sure what you mean. Which earlier change are you referring to? -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:02, 26 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] the last edit. Sorry worded that badly. Do you think the current version is better structured? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 00:05, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == What to do about Slowking4's athlete articles? == {{User|Slowking4}} created hundreds of stub articles on athletes, particularly women's volleyball, water polo, and rugby players. Here are some example articles: [[Sarah Chobot]], [[Sarah Pattison]], [[Sarah Landry]], [[Wang Fengjiao]], and [[Valeriya Rylova]]. For the most part, they are formulaic stubs that have a source or two that are databases or rosters. They are mostly orphaned articles and don't exist on other wikis as well. There is never likely to be expansion of them. Most have never competed at the Olympics. I made two batch RFDs for a few articles earlier this month ([[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Slowking volleyball D]] and [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Slowking water polo D]]) both of which resulted in SOFTDELETE as there was no further input. How do we best address these articles? I feel like a bunch of batch RFDs will be tedious and clog RFD. How do we best handle these articles? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 14:37, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :I'd say creating a list and requesting deletion in smaller batches might be a good idea. They do have a bunch of socks though so the list of pages might be quite bigger considering that. I have made a list at [[User:BRPever/test1]]-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 14:55, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :I will try running some query to see if I can narrow the list to pages that are not linked to enwiki pages via wikidata. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:07, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] I have narrowed the list down to ~400 pages by removing pages with links to dewiki, frwiki and enwiki, and it seems this list mostly include pages without any significant coverage. I think this will be a good starting point to work from.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:30, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for compiling this list. Want me to copy it into my user space so you don't need to maintain it? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 17:28, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::Please feel free to copy it. :) --[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 23:24, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Copied it over to my space; thanks for the help! [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:35, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == Feedback == Please give me some feedback on my article [[Raphael (given name)]]. [[User:Rafaelthegreat|Rafaelthegreat]] ([[User talk:Rafaelthegreat|talk]]) 15:14, 26 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Rafaelthegreat|Rafaelthegreat]], welcome to the Simple Wikipedia. I took a look at your article and have a few tips for you. First, it's important to always include sources when you are writing an article. You may want to read [[WP:V]] for more information. It also would be considered a "stub" or short article, so I have tagged it as such. I do like how you included the template to show that the Simple English Wiktionary has a definition for the name. You're on a good track and I encourage you to continue writing! [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 12:59, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks. I am pretty new here. I am usually on the English Wikipedia. [[User:Rafaelthegreat|<span style="color:white; font-weight: bold; background-color:red">'''Rafael'''</span>]] [[User:Rafaelthegreat|<span style="color:red; font-weight: bold; background-color:white">'''Hello!'''</span>]] 13:14, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Ternera|Ternera]]: The infobox adds the Wiktionary template. I actually just suppressed the one that the infobox adds and added it manually to improve the look of the page, even though the Wiktionary entry doesn't have anything that the article doesn't already have. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 16:32, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews == <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> :Hello Victoria, :thank you for the message. Not touching on the subject matter, are you aware that the text that you wrote is of a considerable difficulty, and likely far from what we would consider "Simple English". In that context would it not be likely that the main audience of this project will not understand what you write? - So when you do not get any feedback, this might be because of disinterest, but it might also be because of a failure to communicate with the target audience in a language they actually understand. Those are of course just my thoughts... [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 13:38, 28 June 2025 (UTC) == Writing a simple article on a drug == I have been working on this draft article [[User:Immanuelle/Pink cocaine]]. Are there specific rules or protocols around trying to write simple articles on this topic? I think I did a good job with the beginning. But the table and templates might need some simplification. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 16:24, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :There are no specific rules on articles such as this. Just write it as you would for any other topic. We're not censored so we can, and should, have articles on every notable topic. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 18:29, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::BTW: the article looks fine '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 18:32, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == RFC on paid editing as a CU == Folks on this project are invited to comment on a ongoing RFC on the compatibility of paid editing with CU permissions at [[meta:Requests for comment/Should paid editing as a CU be allowed|this page]]. [[User:Sohom Datta|Sohom]] ([[User talk:Sohom Datta|talk]]) 16:41, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Article title issue [[Kurdish-Yazidi uprising against the Safavids]] == [[Yazidis]] are an Kurdish speaking ethnoreligious group they are not [[Kurdish people]], the article title [[Kurdish-Yazidi uprising against the Safavids]] should be fixed it may mislead readers into thinking they are ethnically Kurdish. Thanks [[Special:Contributions/81.109.99.117|81.109.99.117]] ([[User talk:81.109.99.117|talk]]) 03:24, 1 July 2025 (UTC) :I have moved the page [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 08:07, 1 July 2025 (UTC) ::Agree. I hope that there will be subject experts fixing it. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 14:07, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == Can you please set this up here? == From [[:en:Wikipedia:New pages patrol]]: {{tq|New pages are not indexed by external search engines until they are patrolled.}} I really hope you can set this up on Simple English Wikipedia too. This was most recently discussed in April/May 2024 at [[Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive 159#Enabling noindex in article space]] with overwhelming support. [[Special:Contributions/96.65.201.81|96.65.201.81]] ([[User talk:96.65.201.81|talk]]) 19:44, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :I would definitely support this. It seems Eptalon was looking into it last year and there has been no update since then? [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 19:47, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ::I'd have to find the exact link for it but I believe someone either from WMF or on the technical side of things said they'd rather not change it, after that discussion finished. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:03, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :::Yeah, I'd have doubts also. Most new pages are not patrolled '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:32, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 3ualiphqv1xunhnm9oz1vh6ocvq6hi9 10369405 10368914 2025-07-03T11:07:42Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 /* Handling AI articles */ Reply 10369405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive %(counter)d |algo = old(10d) |counter = 169 |maxarchivesize = 125K |minthreadsleft = 5 }} {{Skip to top and bottom}} {{Please leave this line alone.}} <!-- Questions go here. Post new questions at the BOTTOM of the page. --> == Handling AI articles == Hiyas! I haven't been around as much as I'd like to, so may have missed a discussion on this (lmk if one has already happened). I came across [[Separatism in Russia]], an article [[Special:Diff/10343227|almost certainly written]] by a LLM with no/minimal human review. It doesn't fall under any of the existing QD criteria, but also isn't a traditional candidate for RfD as the topic is notable, just the content is bad (though is currently at RfD). Given the ease with which people can now generate large amounts of text that may be hiding LLM hallucinations...how should we be handling articles of this kind? I'd think about simply blanking and redirecting it to a relevant article with human-reviewed content, but that might be a bit too bold. Best, [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 01:01, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :Hiya. Yes, we have been discussing this topic. At first we considered QDing them as Complex articles under a proposed G13 criteria but that went nowhere. Now we tend to RfD them, although that obviously takes time and is one of the reasons we have so many RfDs. I'd advise you to read and comment on [[WP:AI]]. It's become quite a problem, one which we haven't yet figured out. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:10, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::^What Freekman said - we don't have an official way of handling these, Some people tag them under {{tl|AI-notice}} where they then simple sit and go forgotten about/rot for years to come, and others like myself just send them straight to RFD if the Enwiki article is too complex (I try where possible). –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 01:23, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :::I also agree with having a QD criterion, I can't remember what I said in the last discussion but I probably Opposed on the basis that "they could be rewritten/improved" however that theory has turned out to be wrong as they don't get improved or rewritten - they just sit dormant for years until someone randomly stumbles upon it :::So yes I support a QD criterion, Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 20:38, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::If anyone has any ideas, we can expand on it. I was thinking of making a section at RFD specifically for AI related page that act as [[:en:WP:PROD]] and the gets deleted if there is no improvement in a week. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 12:53, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :::I agree with the idea. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 15:07, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::{{re|Fr33kman}} Is 5 out of 99 RfDs (or 3 out of 109 RfDs at the time you commented) mentioning AI in the nomination or comments really a reason for so many RfDs? The data isn't adding up. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 21:01, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::I think the way forward is the QD option and from what I'm reading a few good others agree. There are a fair few other QD criteria that don't get used often but we have them as options. How many RfDs have we had since the AI thing became an issue? A lot of people have expressed a dislike of AI generated content. Perhaps it's a good idea to have a formal poll? '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 22:03, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::::{{re|Fr33kman}} The question was simply about whether it was one of the reasons it's that we have a massive backlog of RfDs, that you mentioned in your comment, which it is not based on the data. And QD criteria also need to be objective which has not been demonstrated here yet either. A4 is already heavily misused so why would it be a good idea to open us up to another potential criterion that is ''genuinely'' subjective and likely to be misused. The QD criterion feels like a solution looking for a problem, these articles ''will'' be deleted on-sight or within 7 days at RfD, why go against the fundamentals of our deletion policy for an issue that is affecting so few of our existing RfDs. No-one is doubting it is an issue but the scope of it is certainly up for debate and whether it needs such a drastic change in QD policy. Once someone talks about how we can make this an objective pass/fail criterion for QD like every single other one I will happily stop pushing back on this issue, but it's not possible which is why it hasn't been implemented yet. ::::And please, let's not formally "poll" the community, we work on consensus not polling &ndash; ''that'' is ironically something we need to fix in our RfDs with people making such poor baseless arguments or none at all that consensus is more difficult/controversial to determine, prolonging RfD closures and increasing the backlog in the process. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:42, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::::You say "these articles will be deleted on-sight": how will they be deleted on sight without a QD criteria? They will only be deleted after an RfD. I think everyone is on the same page in that we all want them to be deleted, it's just a matter of how. Right now, as I see it, most people who have commented agree with the QD option. I do agree that it is not as objective as we would like. I'm not sure how to address that. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:33, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::I think there are differing opinions so maybe it's time we list the options and see what most people agree to. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 23:38, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::I totally agree '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 16:53, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :::::Our inability to objectively know if something is AI-written does not negate the possibility of a QD criteria. There are going to be very obvious AI articles, and less obvious ones, and it's not necessary that all be strictly classifiable for a QD criteria to be useful. It's possible that some can be deleted as hoaxes, but I do think a well-worded QD criteria would be helpful in dealing with these articles. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 14:12, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::I agree. We could use G13 for obvious AI articles and RfD when we aren't sure. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 16:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *I'd personally prefer to have clearly AI generated content straight deleted. We can't just go with A3, as the articles aren't copied over from another wiki. However, complex articles with possible false information damaged the reputation of the project. I'd support the G13 reason. I'm yet not very worried about AI usage in discussions. If that becomes a wider problem, we can talk about it again. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 15:01, 20 June 2025 (UTC) *What about introducing another QD criterion? - "The article was likely generated automatically, and has not been reviewed by a human edutor"? - AI can be helpful, but such articles at least need a rewview.--[[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 10:11, 21 June 2025 (UTC) *:That's essentially the idea behind G13 '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:17, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :I think at this point, this problem isn't going away and a QD criteria for it would be suitable. I don't think discussing each one gains us much and simply wastes time at AfD which is already severely missing '''[[User:Lee Vilenski|<span style="color:green">Lee Vilenski</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Lee Vilenski|talk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Lee Vilenski|contribs]])</sup>''' 10:55, 21 June 2025 (UTC) :I agree with a new QD criterion. I'm generally uneasy about a PROD/RfD approach because improving LLM-generated articles means we possibly keep their output in revision history or in the article itself. The issue here is twofold — first, we may keep unverified or incorrect text; second, we cannot be assured that it is not a copyvio. Here is an example of the latter: [[:File:Using LLMs to write Wikipedia content.pdf]] (aside: by AI standards, this is an eternity ago — but I suspect the tools most people have access to are not SOTA nor particularly more advanced than the example). My understanding is also that the copyright status of LLM-generated text is not definite in the United States. In other words, if the text is already problematic and unworkable, we may as well QD it. [[User talk:Hiàn#top|Hiàn]] 02:21, 24 June 2025 (UTC) *Handling these articles with QD is of course the most appealing way to do it and that's why it's what everyone wants but QD involves objective criteria. I don't think anyone wants these articles to stick about but we already have issues with admins handling claims to notability and that is an objective thing. How do we call something objectively AI-generated - articles on enwiki are described as ''likely'' containing AI-generated content, because we just don't know for certain - ie it's not a pass/fail criterion like every other QD criterion. Do we base it on GPTZero score/likelihood? That is what is different about this compared to other issues and why we need to have a slightly different approach instead of just a new criterion which in its previous form which will cause issues. Personally I say expand A3 to address more complex content. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:46, 29 June 2025 (UTC) *:I have a micro-essay on the issues of AI-generated articles here, and why it is a difficult one to just "solve" with a QD criterion: [[User:Ferien/AI]] --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:51, 29 June 2025 (UTC) *:While I understand your point, I would disagree with expanding A3 for two reasons: *:The first being that changing A3 to fit "complexity" is not possible. The definition of "complexity" is far more subjective than any definition of what is AI, at which point such subjectivity requires an RFD. *:My second issue is that, in the future, it will likely become easier for LLMs to create simple-sounding text, while continuing to be unencyclopedic, meaning that A3 would not necessarily apply to them anymore. *:As AI advances, LLMs will write differently. While it currently struggles to write simple text in an encyclopedic tone without having problems, I suspect that these issues will present themselves differently in the future. Expanding A3 to fit our current definition of the problems of AI today will be obsolete in the future. *:While I am not active in such topics in SEWP, I don't think AI false positives have ever been an issue in SEWP, and such articles are usually very-easily identifiable (see [[WP:DUCK]]). Even in the case of false positives, articles that are so bad that people mistake them for AI should be deleted or TNTed anyway. I would therefore support a new QD criterion. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 01:36, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::I would also use a term like 'automatically-generated'. In the end, AI is just a tool. We care what the article looks like, and we see it has certain deficiencies. What tools were used to make the article are irrelevant. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 07:07, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::Indeed, I should have said A3 expansion would be only one of the things I would actually want to do to address it. Complexity can be pretty objective though, based on whether it contains complex vocabulary not in BE 1500, longer sentences etc which is why it already exists - enwp copies that aren't complex are often declined for A3. I also think we may reach a point where AI-generated articles end up being completely unproblematic and it is difficult to determine which article is AI and which one is not. We are definitely not at that stage yet tho. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:47, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :"'''Seems like''' [[slop|A.I.-slop]]": I think that we should should 'start' with using that '''justification''', in regard to '''RfD '''/AfD.--Before we even consider using that [[soundbyte]] as a 'QD justification', then we should gain experience in ''''much '''use' of 'RfD justification': ''Seems like-A.I. slop''. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|talk]]) 14:01, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *A suggestion for a wording in the form of a deletion criterion - of course based on my personal opinions that a QD criterion could not work in the traditional way but trying to account for fast deletion that gets rid of these quicker than any RfD and the clear majority opinion here. Any feedback would be appreciated. **13. '''Obviously contains AI-generated content''': Pages very likely generated by a [[large language model]] (LLM) and recommended for deletion by at least two editors. *This should be relatively easy to technically implement, where two signatures/users go into the QD template here. So one user nominates then another approves. This is a bit like the PROD idea but faster. Given how closely CAT:QD is monitored, the second user should be quite easy to get, and could maybe be done by passing admins in QD. We could also have a category for QD alone with AI-gen'd contnet? Thoughts? --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:47, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *:I've started [[User:Ferien/AI-QD]] with the ability to add an editor2 - simply added by adding <code>|editor2=(User)</code> onto the template. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 15:09, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *:I really like this idea — seems like a good balance between an admin-discretion QD and a week-long RfD. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 15:17, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::Agreed '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:27, 2 July 2025 (UTC) *:"'''Seems like''' ...", is better than '''Obvious'''.--After all, if things really were obvious, then QD could have taken care of everything. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784|talk]]) 15:56, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::I'm afraid I don't understand your comment. QD is designed to take the quick easy (obvious) cases whereas RfD has always been for those that are up for debate. If we change the criterion to "Seems like it contains AI-generated content" then it's up for debate. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:27, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *:::What about something simple like "Contains AI generated content" for obvious cases such as those that refer directly to LLM or other straightforward cases and RfD for the others? I know there will always be some that require a subjective test but I think we are also trying to avoid cases where the RfD outcome would essentially be a case of SNOW. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 14:58, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *:I would support having AIQDs exist in a separate category. I would also recommend making this template physically distinct from a QD template, just as a RFD template is different from a QD template. Perhaps orange? *:My other question is would this be easily addable to Twinkle? I can imagine pressing G13 on the twinkle page, then if there is already a QD template there, it adds your signature. If there are two signatures, perhaps the template becomes red again, and then is moved from a theoretical AIQD to QD. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 17:08, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *::Bad idea, to have to persons + one person doing a QD, with a '''subjective''' justification.--It is likely '''better '''to start with RfD /AfD, that have "'''snow''' close", after six days, or 5 days, or 4, or 3, or ... .--These 'fast-track' thingies '''mentioned''', are in regard to "Seems like A.I.-slop". [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:3C32:B4D7:8E45:FCC2|talk]]) 22:29, 30 June 2025 (UTC) /2001:2020:32D:CF3C:182E:6C17:24D3:8784 *::I like that idea for templates, might be easier to technically implement actually as we already have a function on Twinkle that allows admins to replace a QD with an RfD if they initiate one. There's also the prod and endorsed prod templates on en that could serve as inspiration. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:29, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *:::So where are we at so far. I think we have a consensus for the obvious cases regarding your suggestion of two users. Would that be meaning that the deleting admin is not one of the two? '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:18, 2 July 2025 (UTC) *::::I think that would be good - a user tags the article, a passing admin in CAT:QD sees it and approves, then the next admin can delete. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:29, 2 July 2025 (UTC) *:::::I hereby "tag" [[Honda RBPT|this article]].--It seems 'AI-esque', and it seem complex.--Please go thru the motions of the 'suggested system'.--If this post is regarded as helpful, then fine. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA|talk]]) 22:18, 2 July 2025 (UTC) *::::::I am personally holding back on my dozen or so articles I've seen and collected that are very likely AI-generated to avoid potentially flooding RfD further, and giving a chance to use any new system that may be created. I'll add that to the list. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:30, 2 July 2025 (UTC) *:::::::I think this theoretical template would look something like this: *:::::::[[User:MrMeAndMrMe/AI-QD]] *:::::::and implementations of this template would look something like this *:::::::[[User:MrMeAndMrMe/AI-QD/testcases]] *:::::::with some minor changes. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 11:07, 3 July 2025 (UTC) == I cant make an account! == Hi! Can you help? I cant make an account. It says i "session hijacked". Please help. (im on a Samsung smart tv) '''Thanks!''' --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 09:31, 21 June 2025 (UTC) :Please answer --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 08:05, 22 June 2025 (UTC) ::I'd recommend trying to make an account on another device. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:04, 2 July 2025 (UTC) == Personal attack question == Would it be a personal attack to say one user is probably a sockpuppet of someone else? [[Special:Contributions/71.236.131.237|71.236.131.237]] ([[User talk:71.236.131.237|talk]]) 17:30, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :If you have a reasonable suspicion - no. However, if it is a "blind" accusation without any evidence, then I advise against making such accusations. [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 19:16, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :I don’t think it is a personal attack. Now, I would suggest providing more evidence to make your case for a connection. I restored your comment so that MathXplorer can judge for themselves. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 19:17, 22 June 2025 (UTC) ::Hello, if you have a suspicion, you can crete a request on [[:WP:RFCU|this page]]. One of the checkusers will then look into the matter, and perform the relevantchecks. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 04:29, 23 June 2025 (UTC) == How do I make this draft better? == I wrote a draft here [[User:Immanuelle/Kabe_Island]] and I feel like it is badly written. Do you have suggestions? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 22:12, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]]: Hi, Immanuelle. Since you had said in the past that you didn't mind people editing your drafts, I just did some cleanup and simplifying on this one. Feel free to revert if you want. :The main thing I see is that the language needs to be simplified, mostly by breaking sentences into smaller pieces. I find it helps to think about our target audience, people whose English is not advanced. They might be trying to understand one sentence at a time, so it helps them to keep the sentences short. One rule of thumb about this is to have only one subject and verb in a sentence, but it goes beyond that. Take a look at the ones I shortened, and see if you understand why I did it in each case. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:03, 24 June 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] I hope you are happy with what I did there. I have another one that I really like but I am very afraid is too complicated right here [[User:Immanuelle/Kumano_Gongen]] [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 20:56, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::Did you mean to remove the categories? -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 21:52, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] I did becase all the categories were redlinks. But I forgot to add new categories. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 21:57, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Some other things I see: ::::*The infobox has a lot of invalid parameters ::::*The Ill template link to your userspace should be removed ::::-- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:01, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::::What about [[User:Immanuelle/Kumano_Gongen]] now? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 22:05, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::It's in a couple of maintenance categories. You could do something to resolve those. ::::::It's usually considered good practice with infoboxes to put one parameter per line. It's not required, but it makes it easier to see the code. ::::::The Commons boxes should go at the top of the other websites section. ::::::A couple of statements in the lead have a lot of references with them. I'd cut it down by a lot. If that removes links that you still want in the article, you could put them in the other websites section. ::::::The Origins and Beliefs about the Three Mountains sections could have some of their sentences combined into paragraphs instead of each being on a separate line. ::::::The big table is in the Beliefs about the Three Mountains section. Does it need its own heading? ::::::Just my thoughts. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:30, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] Is your suggestion to merge in the headings like I did earlier? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 23:28, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::@[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]]: I'm not sure what you mean. Which earlier change are you referring to? -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:02, 26 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] the last edit. Sorry worded that badly. Do you think the current version is better structured? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 00:05, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == What to do about Slowking4's athlete articles? == {{User|Slowking4}} created hundreds of stub articles on athletes, particularly women's volleyball, water polo, and rugby players. Here are some example articles: [[Sarah Chobot]], [[Sarah Pattison]], [[Sarah Landry]], [[Wang Fengjiao]], and [[Valeriya Rylova]]. For the most part, they are formulaic stubs that have a source or two that are databases or rosters. They are mostly orphaned articles and don't exist on other wikis as well. There is never likely to be expansion of them. Most have never competed at the Olympics. I made two batch RFDs for a few articles earlier this month ([[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Slowking volleyball D]] and [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Slowking water polo D]]) both of which resulted in SOFTDELETE as there was no further input. How do we best address these articles? I feel like a bunch of batch RFDs will be tedious and clog RFD. How do we best handle these articles? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 14:37, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :I'd say creating a list and requesting deletion in smaller batches might be a good idea. They do have a bunch of socks though so the list of pages might be quite bigger considering that. I have made a list at [[User:BRPever/test1]]-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 14:55, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :I will try running some query to see if I can narrow the list to pages that are not linked to enwiki pages via wikidata. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:07, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] I have narrowed the list down to ~400 pages by removing pages with links to dewiki, frwiki and enwiki, and it seems this list mostly include pages without any significant coverage. I think this will be a good starting point to work from.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:30, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for compiling this list. Want me to copy it into my user space so you don't need to maintain it? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 17:28, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::Please feel free to copy it. :) --[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 23:24, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Copied it over to my space; thanks for the help! [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:35, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == Feedback == Please give me some feedback on my article [[Raphael (given name)]]. [[User:Rafaelthegreat|Rafaelthegreat]] ([[User talk:Rafaelthegreat|talk]]) 15:14, 26 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Rafaelthegreat|Rafaelthegreat]], welcome to the Simple Wikipedia. I took a look at your article and have a few tips for you. First, it's important to always include sources when you are writing an article. You may want to read [[WP:V]] for more information. It also would be considered a "stub" or short article, so I have tagged it as such. I do like how you included the template to show that the Simple English Wiktionary has a definition for the name. You're on a good track and I encourage you to continue writing! [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 12:59, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks. I am pretty new here. I am usually on the English Wikipedia. [[User:Rafaelthegreat|<span style="color:white; font-weight: bold; background-color:red">'''Rafael'''</span>]] [[User:Rafaelthegreat|<span style="color:red; font-weight: bold; background-color:white">'''Hello!'''</span>]] 13:14, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Ternera|Ternera]]: The infobox adds the Wiktionary template. I actually just suppressed the one that the infobox adds and added it manually to improve the look of the page, even though the Wiktionary entry doesn't have anything that the article doesn't already have. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 16:32, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews == <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> :Hello Victoria, :thank you for the message. Not touching on the subject matter, are you aware that the text that you wrote is of a considerable difficulty, and likely far from what we would consider "Simple English". In that context would it not be likely that the main audience of this project will not understand what you write? - So when you do not get any feedback, this might be because of disinterest, but it might also be because of a failure to communicate with the target audience in a language they actually understand. Those are of course just my thoughts... [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 13:38, 28 June 2025 (UTC) == Writing a simple article on a drug == I have been working on this draft article [[User:Immanuelle/Pink cocaine]]. Are there specific rules or protocols around trying to write simple articles on this topic? I think I did a good job with the beginning. But the table and templates might need some simplification. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 16:24, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :There are no specific rules on articles such as this. Just write it as you would for any other topic. We're not censored so we can, and should, have articles on every notable topic. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 18:29, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::BTW: the article looks fine '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 18:32, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == RFC on paid editing as a CU == Folks on this project are invited to comment on a ongoing RFC on the compatibility of paid editing with CU permissions at [[meta:Requests for comment/Should paid editing as a CU be allowed|this page]]. [[User:Sohom Datta|Sohom]] ([[User talk:Sohom Datta|talk]]) 16:41, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Article title issue [[Kurdish-Yazidi uprising against the Safavids]] == [[Yazidis]] are an Kurdish speaking ethnoreligious group they are not [[Kurdish people]], the article title [[Kurdish-Yazidi uprising against the Safavids]] should be fixed it may mislead readers into thinking they are ethnically Kurdish. Thanks [[Special:Contributions/81.109.99.117|81.109.99.117]] ([[User talk:81.109.99.117|talk]]) 03:24, 1 July 2025 (UTC) :I have moved the page [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 08:07, 1 July 2025 (UTC) ::Agree. I hope that there will be subject experts fixing it. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 14:07, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == Can you please set this up here? == From [[:en:Wikipedia:New pages patrol]]: {{tq|New pages are not indexed by external search engines until they are patrolled.}} I really hope you can set this up on Simple English Wikipedia too. This was most recently discussed in April/May 2024 at [[Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive 159#Enabling noindex in article space]] with overwhelming support. [[Special:Contributions/96.65.201.81|96.65.201.81]] ([[User talk:96.65.201.81|talk]]) 19:44, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :I would definitely support this. It seems Eptalon was looking into it last year and there has been no update since then? [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 19:47, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ::I'd have to find the exact link for it but I believe someone either from WMF or on the technical side of things said they'd rather not change it, after that discussion finished. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:03, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :::Yeah, I'd have doubts also. Most new pages are not patrolled '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:32, 2 July 2025 (UTC) atjp9sblaqumsn5tja4xts4dgru5inl 3 127275 10369489 10024532 2025-07-03T11:49:35Z Ferien 1011873 Notification: listing at [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] of [[12 Apostles (record label)]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369489 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Archive box| *[[User:Yottie/Archive one|Archive 1]] *[[User:Yottie/Archive two|Archive 2]] *[[User:Yottie/Archive three|Archive 3]] *[[User:Yottie/Archive four|Archive 4]] *[[User:Yottie/Archive five|Archive 5]] *[[User:Yottie/Archive six|Archive 6]] *[[User talk:Yottie/Archive seven|Archive 7]] *[[User talk:Yottie/Archive eight|Archive 8]] }} ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Bombay riots== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Bombay riots]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2023/Bombay riots]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the article during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Rathfelder|Rathfelder]] ([[User talk:Rathfelder|talk]]) 12:01, 15 November 2023 (UTC) == RFD == Hi Yottie, Many thanks for readding the AFD tag[https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enyi_Ben-Eboh&diff=prev&oldid=9529119] - I personally don't bother readding them back as it means having more deleted contributions to your name[https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec/simple.wikipedia.org/Yottie] (ofcourse you're going to have one deleted contrib per every CSD/AFD but reverting these morons means your deleted-contribs number will rack up), Not sure if you've ever thought of that or even care to be honest lol, I guess I just see it as a battle not worth winning when in the end the page will be deleted and all's you've gained from it is 5-50 deleted contributions which soon mount up if you're reverting these idiots across various articles, Sorry not lecturing you you're free to revert and edit as you like but just thought I'd give a heads up re deleted contribs :), Thank you for your efforts and help with these vandals, your help is always much appreciated, Have a great day, Many Thanks, Warm Regards, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:46, 6 May 2024 (UTC) :{{ping|Davey2010}} Hi, No problem. I feel it's worth having on the page, as it tells other editors that there is a discussion ongoing about whether to keep the page. I'm not particularly fussed by edit count or deleted contributions to be honest. Happy editing! --[[user:Yottie|<span style="font-family:Comic sans ms;color:#000080;font-weight:bold;">Yot<span style="color:#CD0000;">tie</span>]] [[user_talk:Yottie|<sup><span style="font-family:Times new roman;color:#40E0D0;">=talk=</span></sup>]] 17:53, 6 May 2024 (UTC) ::That's true to be fair, We're all different and that's a good thing - would be boring if we were all the same :), Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:59, 6 May 2024 (UTC) == Thanks == Thanks a bunch for catching that nonsense on [[Tim Richmond]]. I feel sometimes us editors on Simple Wikipedia have to spend too much time chasing down that sort of thing rather than working on articles. [[User:SurferSquall|SurferSquall]] ([[User talk:SurferSquall|talk]]) 21:22, 9 May 2024 (UTC) == Why Did You Use Rollback On [[Katyn massacre]] == Stuff like [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Katyn_massacre&diff=9532124&oldid=9532089]. That user was making what seems like [[WP:AGF|good-faith]] [[edits; [[WP:Rollback|rollback]] is only for obvious [[WP:Vandalism|vandalism]]. Honestly they both seem kind of valid and this is more of a content dispute/[[WP:Edit war|edit war]]. [[User:Me Da Wikipedian|Me Da Wikipedian]] ([[User talk:Me Da Wikipedian|talk]]) 13:27, 13 May 2024 (UTC) :{{ping|Me Da Wikipedian}} Hi, These edits are the work of a globally banned user. It's been going on for a number of years and is a routine revert, not an edit war as you suggest. --[[user:Yottie|<span style="font-family:Comic sans ms;color:#000080;font-weight:bold;">Yot<span style="color:#CD0000;">tie</span>]] [[user_talk:Yottie|<sup><span style="font-family:Times new roman;color:#40E0D0;">=talk=</span></sup>]] 14:53, 13 May 2024 (UTC) ::Who? I never said you were edit warring, just that whether to have the sentences read " Members of the NKVD killed nearly 22,000 Polish prisoners of war in a forest near Katyn, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Smolensk." or " Members of the NKVD killed about 22,000 Polish prisoners of war in a forest near Katyn, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Smolensk." is not a case of vandalism [[User:Me Da Wikipedian|Me Da Wikipedian]] ([[User talk:Me Da Wikipedian|talk]]) 14:56, 13 May 2024 (UTC) == Please Delete My Article == can you delete my article i am going to get in trouble at my school for doxing [[Special:Contributions/199.119.28.199|199.119.28.199]] ([[User talk:199.119.28.199|talk]]) 16:22, 13 May 2024 (UTC) :Hello, Your article was tagged for deletion and an administrator will delete it shortly. --[[user:Yottie|<span style="font-family:Comic sans ms;color:#000080;font-weight:bold;">Yot<span style="color:#CD0000;">tie</span>]] [[user_talk:Yottie|<sup><span style="font-family:Times new roman;color:#40E0D0;">=talk=</span></sup>]] 16:24, 13 May 2024 (UTC) == Blanked Sandbox == Hi Yottie, Just a heads up I've blanked your sandbox at [[User:Yottie/Paris]] as there were errors that was showing up in WPCleaner, If you plan on integrating the article into [[Paris]] then I'd be happy to unblank and make the necessary WPCleaner changes, Thanks, Warm Regards, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 21:01, 19 January 2025 (UTC) :No problem, thanks for letting me know. [[user:Yottie|<span style="font-family:Comic sans ms;color:#000080;font-weight:bold;">Yot<span style="color:#CD0000;">tie</span>]] [[user_talk:Yottie|<sup><span style="font-family:Times new roman;color:#40E0D0;">=talk=</span></sup>]] 21:49, 19 January 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of 12 Apostles (record label)== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:12 Apostles (record label)]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/12 Apostles (record label)]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 11:49, 3 July 2025 (UTC) 9bv6nyzndkh5xfu87bfm2jh0svrv7dm 0 127942 10368374 8494766 2025-07-02T22:23:26Z Ferien 1011873 Nominated for deletion; see [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/VistaPE]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|Fails [[WP:GNG]], also see [[:w:en:Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/VistaPE]].}} {{Orphan|date=May 2009}} {{Infobox Software | name = VistaPE | logo = | screenshot = | caption = | collapsible = | author = | developer = | released = December 1, 2006 | latest release version = | latest release date = | latest preview version = 12 RC1 | latest preview date = {{release date|2008|10|21}} | frequently updated = | programming language = | operating system = | platform = the Live CD should run on any x86 computer | size = | language = | status = beta | genre = | license = | website = [http://www.vistape.net/ www.vistape.net] }} '''VistaPE''' is a is a project (set of scripts) for [[WinBuilder]] to create a [[Live CD]] based on the kernel of [[Windows Vista]]. <br> VistaPE uses technology and is similar to [[WinPE]] 2.0 (from Microsoft), but has a graphical interface, more support for devices and functions, and can run almost any Windows program. ==Features== * Possibility to either fully or partially load VistaPE at startup into memory (boot.wim) * Support for a large number of SATA/RAID/SCSI/NIC drivers * Capable to read and write on NTFS/FAT32/FAT/Ext2/Ext3 partitions * Full networking support * Automatic hardware detection (PnP) * Booting from CD/HDD/UFD/Network * Compatibility with [[Microsoft Windows]] Vista * A wide range of programs and shells (Explorer, LiteStep, BS Explorer ...) * No limits regarding the maximum number of open processes * Automatic creation shortcuts for programs * Ability to remove VistaPE boot media while VistaPE is running (using boot.wim) * Full multilanguage support == Other websites == *[http://hacktolive.org/wiki/Create_a_VistaPE_Live_CD How to create a VistaPE Live CD] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080901155502/http://hacktolive.org/wiki/Create_a_VistaPE_Live_CD |date=2008-09-01 }} [[Category:Live CD]] mbl00r4yyuj7i220mqpqt6hjc8c1vuo 0 129647 10368346 10030471 2025-07-02T22:11:20Z Sillyfingers 1635031 Fixed wording 10368346 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Drake Bell | image = Drake Bell 2019 by Glenn Francis (cropped).jpg | caption = Bell at the 2019 iHeartRadio Music Awards | birth_name = Drake Jared Bell | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1986|6|27}} | birth_place = [[Santa Ana, California]], [[United States]] | nationality = | occupation = Actor, singer, songwriter, director, guitarist | spouse = {{marriage|Janet Von Schmeling|2018|2022|reason=separated}} | criminal_charges = | criminal_penalty = | children = 1 | years_active = 1991-present | relatives = Heath Bell (cousin) | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | background = solo_singer | genre = {{flat list| * [[Pop rock]] * [[rockabilly]] }} | instrument = {{flat list| * Vocals * guitar * piano * drums * keyboard }} | label = {{flat list| * Nick * Nine Yards * Backhouse * Universal Motown * Drake Bell Entertainment, Inc. * Surfdog }} | associated_acts = {{flat list| * [[Backhouse Mike]] * [[Miranda Cosgrove]] * [[Ruby Jane Smith]] * [[Brian Setzer]] * [[Aaron Carter]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Yvette|first1=Mar|title=Weekend Roundup: Aaron Carter with Drake Bell & Wiener Dog Internationals|url=https://www.myfoxla.com/story/28631742/weekend-roundup-aaron-carter-with-drake-bell-wiener-dog-internationals|website=MyFoxLA.com|publisher=Fox|accessdate=3 April 2015|archive-date=3 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403060340/http://www.myfoxla.com/story/28631742/weekend-roundup-aaron-carter-with-drake-bell-wiener-dog-internationals|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Bell|first1=Drake|title=Drake Bell & Aaron Carter - "I Want Candy"|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=APFjRGmFqdQ|website=YouTube.com|publisher=Drake Bell|accessdate=28 March 2015}}</ref> <!--- Per [[Template:Infobox musical artist]] "for professional relationships with other musicians or bands that are significant and notable to this artist's career" avoid "One-time collaboration for a single" ---> }} | website = {{URL|http://www.drakebell.com}} }} | module2 = | module3 = {{Infobox YouTube personality|embed=yes | years active = 2021–present | genre = {{hlist|[[Vlog]]|[[music]]}} | subscribers = 1M+ | views = 121 million | channel_url = UCNqFPXuDk4dVgA5-Lz5AoHg | channel_display_name = Drake Bell | associated_acts = {{hlist|[[Josh Peck]]}} }} | signature = }} '''Drake Jared Bell''' (born June 27, 1986) is an [[Americans|American]] [[actor]], and [[singer]]. Bell has released a song for [[Nickelodeon]] television series [[Drake & Josh]] named "[[I Found a Way]]". == Life == Bell was born in [[Santa Ana, California]] in 1986.<ref name=Billboard>{{cite web |url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/301286/drake-bell/biography |title=Drake Bell Biography |author= |website= |publisher=Billboard |accessdate=29 October 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907021230/http://www.billboard.com/artist/301286/drake-bell/biography |url-status=dead }}</ref> On December 29, 2005, he was badly hurt in a [[car]] [[accident]] in [[Los Angeles]]. He was in the car with a friend. and an oncoming vehicle hit Bell's car, This caused a [[Bone fracture|broken]] neck, six dislodged [[teeth]], a broken [[jaw]] and a deep cut across his chin. Bell had [[plastic surgery]] to fix his face.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tvsquad.com/2005/12/31/drake-bell-seriously-injured-in-car-crash/ |title=Drake Bell Seriously Injured In Car Accident |accessdate=10 October 2008 |format= |publisher= |archive-date=15 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015004842/http://www.tvsquad.com/2005/12/31/drake-bell-seriously-injured-in-car-crash/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2018, he married Janet Von Schmeling. They have one son, Schmeling filed for divorce in 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://people.com/tv/drake-bells-wife-janet-files-for-divorce/|title=Drake Bell's Wife Janet Von Schmeling Files For Divorce|date=April 21, 2023|access-date=May 15, 2023|work=People|archive-date=May 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515042701/https://people.com/tv/drake-bells-wife-janet-files-for-divorce/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/drake-bells-wife-files-for-divorce-after-his-disappearance/#:~:text=Drake%20Bell's%20estranged%20wife%2C%20Janet,the%20reason%20for%20the%20split.|title=Drake Bell's Wife Files for Divorce After His Disappearance|date=April 20, 2023|access-date=May 15, 2023|work=Us Magazine|archive-date=May 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515042657/https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/drake-bells-wife-files-for-divorce-after-his-disappearance/#:~:text=Drake%20Bell's%20estranged%20wife%2C%20Janet,the%20reason%20for%20the%20split.|url-status=live}}</ref> During an interview for the 2024 documentary ''Quiet on Set: The Dark Side of Kids TV'', Bell revealed that Brian Peck, an acting coach, had sexually abused him during his time acting on ''[[The Amanda Show]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/drake-bell-sexual-abuse-brian-peck-nickelodeon-1235930926/|access-date=March 9, 2024|title=Drake Bell Alleges He Was Sexually Abused as a Child Actor by Nickelodeon Dialogue Coach Brian Peck|publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> On August 19, 2003, Peck was arrested and convicted of lewd conduct with a minor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2024/tv/news/drake-bell-sexual-assault-brian-peck-documentary-1235934302/|access-date=March 9, 2024|title=Drake Bell Details Sexual Assault and 'Extensive' Abuse at 15 by Brian Peck, Explains 'Self-Destructive Behavior' That Followed|publisher=Variety}}</ref> == Career == === Acting === Bell started to act when he was 5 years old.<ref name=Billboard/> At the age of 8, he wrote his first song. When he was 9, he played "Tyler" in the [[movie]] ''[[Ghost (movie)|Ghost]]''. In 1993, he started to act in ''[[The Amanda Show]]'' with [[Amanda Bynes]]. He played Drake Parker on the television series ''[[Drake & Josh]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2180735/drake-and-josh-cast-now/ |title=Here's What The Adorkable Cast Of 'Drake & Josh' Is Up To Now |author=Crystal Bell |date=8 June 2015 |website= |publisher=MTV News/ Viacom International Inc |accessdate=29 October 2015 |archive-date=20 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920091821/http://www.mtv.com/news/2180735/drake-and-josh-cast-now/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2002, Bell played in the movies ''[[Superhero!]]'' and ''[[Merry Christmas, Drake & Josh]]''. === Music === Bell learned to play [[guitar]] when he was 13. On August 23, 2005, he started to sell his first [[album]], ''Telegraph''. In December 2006, he started to sell his second album, ''Its Only Time''. His third album was released in 2014. === Controversies === Bell has made comments that have upset a lot of people. He made a negative comment when [[Caitlyn Jenner]] appeared on the cover of [[Vanity Fair]]. <ref>{{cite web|author=Snejana Farberov|date=2015-06-02|title=' Sorry....still calling you Bruce': Nickelodeon star Drake Bell faces backlash over negative Caitlyn Jenner tweet|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3106964/Sorry-calling-Bruce-Nickelodeon-star-Drake-Bell-faces-backlash-negative-Caitlyn-Jenner-tweet.html|website=|publisher=Daily Mail|accessdate=29 October 2015}}</ref> He deleted the comment soon after he posted it but it was still seen by many readers. In an interview with Buzzfeed he made comments against stars such as [[Justin Bieber]], [[Lady Gaga]] and [[Ariana Grande]]. <ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.mtv.com/news/1725334/drake-bell-slams-justin-bieber-lady-gaga-ariana/ |title= Drake Bell's Slams Against Bieber, Gaga And Ariana: We Fact Checked 'Em |author= Christina Garibaldi |date= 2 April 2014 |website= |publisher= MTV News/ Viacom International Inc |accessdate= 29 October 2015 |archive-date= 4 December 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151204174526/http://www.mtv.com/news/1725334/drake-bell-slams-justin-bieber-lady-gaga-ariana/ |url-status= dead }}</ref> He got into still another controversy with a Justin Bieber fan wishing him death.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.travelerstoday.com/articles/13385/20141026/drake-bell-former-nickelodeon-star-embroiled-in-controversy-wishes-death-on-justin-bieber-fan-actions-acceptable.htm |title=Drake Bell: Former Nickelodeon Star Embroiled In Controversy, Wishes Death On Justin Bieber Fan, Actions Acceptable? |author=Staff |date=26 October 2014 |website= |publisher=Travelers Today |accessdate=29 October 2015}}</ref> On June 4, 2021, Bell was arrested in [[Cleveland, Ohio]], on charges relating to "attempted endangering [of] children and disseminating matter harmful to juveniles."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hlavaty |first1=Kaylyn |title=Jared Bell, Drake of Nickelodeon's 'Drake and Josh,' indicted in Cuyahoga County |url=https://www.news5cleveland.com/news/local-news/jared-bell-drake-of-nickelodeons-drake-and-josh-indicted-in-cuyahoga-county |website=[[WEWS-TV]] News 5 Cleveland |date=4 June 2021 |publisher=Scripps Media, Inc |access-date=June 4, 2021}}</ref> Bell had sent a minor "inappropriate social media messages" for "months.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Strapagiel|first=Lauren|date=June 5, 2021|title=Drake Bell Has Been Charged With Child Endangerment|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/laurenstrapagiel/drake-bell-child-endangerment-charge|access-date=June 5, 2021|website=[[BuzzFeed News]]|language=en}}</ref> On June 23, Bell pleaded guilty to both charges.<ref>{{cite news |title= Actor Drake Bell Pleads Guilty In Ohio Child Endangerment Case, Sentencing Set For July |url= https://www.deadline.com/2021/06/drake-bell-guilty-plea-child-endangerment-ohio-1234780213/amp/ |work=Deadline}}</ref> On July 12, 2021, Bell's victim made a public appearance and statement accusing him of sexually assaulting her while she was underage. Bell was sentenced to two years of [[probation]] and 200 hours of community service.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Napoli|first=Jessica|date=July 12, 2021|title=Drake Bell sentenced to two years probation, community service for charges involving a minor|work=[[Fox News]]|url=https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/drake-bell-sentenced-two-years-probation|access-date=July 12, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/23/arts/television/drake-bell-child-endangerment-plea.html?surface=most-popular&fellback=false&req_id=937670863&algo=bandit-all-surfaces-uh-lasttoday-alpha-01&variant=3_bandit-all-surfaces-uh-lasttoday-alpha-01&pool=pool/91fcf81c-4fb0-49ff-bd57-a24647c85ea1&imp_id=527481764&action=click&module=Popular%20in%20The%20Times&pgtype=Homepage|title=Drake Bell Pleads Guilty to Attempted Child Endangerment|last=Bahr|first=Sarah|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 23, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Drake Bell's Victim Accused Him of Grooming, Sexual Assault During Hearing — Read Her Statement|url=https://people.com/tv/drake-bell-child-endangerment-sentencing-victim-statement-full/|access-date=2021-07-20|website=PEOPLE.com|language=en}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bell, Drake}} [[Category:Actors from Santa Ana, California]] [[Category:American child actors]] [[Category:American guitarists]] [[Category:American movie actors]] [[Category:American television actors]] [[Category:Movie directors from California]] [[Category:Musicians from California]] [[Category:Singers from California]] [[Category:1980 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American YouTubers]] 9mh9wl712texv0jfco0w3ae3ow6bh5g 0 130802 10369075 10122769 2025-07-03T07:01:07Z Rojiblancos 1630588 https://www.athletic-club.eus/ 10369075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Football club | clubname = Athletic Club | current = | fullname = Athletic Club | nickname = | founded = 1898 | ground = [[San Mamés Stadium]],<br />[[Bilbao]], [[Spain]] | capacity = 53,289 | chairman = [[Aitor Elizegi]] | manager = [[Marcelino Garciá]] | captain = Iker Muniain | league = [[La Liga]] | season = 2020/21 | position = [[La Liga]], 10th | pattern_la1 = _blackborder | pattern_b1 = _jomainter4rw | pattern_ra1 = _blackborder | pattern_sh1 = _athletic2425h | pattern_so1 = _athletic2425hl | leftarm1 = FF0000 | body1 = FFFFFF | rightarm1 = FF0000 | shorts1 = 000000 | socks1 = 000000 | pattern_la2 = _jomatoletum5gw | pattern_b2 = _jomatoletum5gw | pattern_ra2 = _jomatoletum5gw | pattern_sh2 = | pattern_so2 = _socks | leftarm2 = 008000 | body2 = 008000 | rightarm2 = 008000 | shorts2 = FFFFFF | socks2 = 008000 | pattern_la3 = | pattern_b3 = _jomaacademy4lmb | pattern_ra3 = | pattern_sh3 = | pattern_so3 = _athletic2425hl | leftarm3 = 000000 | body3 = A0A0A0 | rightarm3 = 000000 | shorts3 = 000000 | socks3 = 000000 }} [[File:Athletic Club 1903.jpg|thumbnail|The squad with the Copa del Rey 1903]] '''Athletic Club''', most often known in English as '''Athletic Bilbao''', is a [[Association football|football]] club which plays in [[Spain]]. Athletic Bilbao's nickname is "Los Leones" (The Lions). This is because their stadium was built near a church named San Mamés. The church is named after Saint Mammes, an early Christian thrown to the lions by the [[Roman Empire|Romans]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bilbao Insider|date=25 April 2024|title=Replica Football Shirts|url=https://replicafootballshirt.com/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241121154226/https://bilbaoinsider.com/what-is-athletic-club-bilbao-football-laliga/|archive-date=21 November 2024|access-date=2 September 2024|website=What is Athletic Club?}}</ref> The club formed from a merger of two football clubs ; '''Bilbao F.C.''' and '''Athletic Club''' in 1903. Athletic Bilbao is known for only utilizing players from the historic [[Basque Country (greater region)|basque territory]], which includes the [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]] in Spain and France such as the region of [[Navarre]]. == Rivalries == Athletic Club has three major rivalries: Real Sociedad de San Sebastian, FC Barcelona and Real Madrid. The Rivalry with Real Sociedad is due to the location, because both teams are from the Basque Country. The rivalry also took place because of the rule to only sign players from the basque territory, yet Real Sociedad abondoned the rule in the 1980s. The rivalries with Real Madrid established itself because of the political circumstances. Both the Basque Country and Catalunya were had massive issues with the central goverment under Dictator Franco in Madrid, who forbid their language and traditions for a greater spanish empire. Franco heavily supported the capitals team, Real Madrid, which caused tensions with supporters of Athletic Club. The rivalry with FC Barcelona also is a result of the Franco-era. FC Barcelona, located in Catalunya, had the same issues with the central government such as the Basque Country. As a result of this circumstance, a rivalry between the Basque Country and Catalunya happened, which translated in football. As both Athletic Club and the FC Barcelona are the most important teams of their regions, they were the protagonists for this rivalry. Even with Spain being democratic since Franco's in 1975, both rivalries with Real Madrid and FC Barcelona are still on-going. == Honours == === National tournaments === *'''[[La Liga]]''' :'''Winners (8):''' [[1929–30 La Liga|1929–30]], [[1930–31 La Liga|1930–31]], [[1933–34 La Liga|1933–34]], [[1935–36 La Liga|1935–36]], [[1942–43 La Liga|1942–43]], [[1955–56 La Liga|1955–56]], [[1982–83 La Liga|1982–83]], [[1983–84 La Liga|1983–84]]. :''Runners-up (7):'' [[1931–32 La Liga|1931–32]], [[1932–33 La Liga|1932–33]], [[1940–41 La Liga|1940–41]], [[1946–47 La Liga|1946–47]], [[1951–52 La Liga|1951–52]], [[1969–70 La Liga|1969–70]], [[1997–98 La Liga|1997–98]]. *''' [[Copa del Rey]]''' :'''Winners (24<ref name="1902cup">Note:''The number of Copa wins ''Athletic Club'' have been credited with is disputed. The 1902 competition was won by ''Bizcaya'', a team made up of players from ''Athletic Club'' and ''Bilbao FC''. In 1903 these two clubs merged as ''Athletic Club''. The 1902 cup is on display in the Athletic museum [http://www.rsssf.com/tabless/spancup1902.html] and the club includes it in its own honours list. [http://www.athletic-club.net/acc/home.asp?a=7&b=2&idi=2]. However LFP and [[Royal Spanish Football Federation|RFEF]] official statistics do not include this as an Athletic win.''</ref>):''' [[1903 Copa del Rey|1903]], [[1904 Copa del Rey|1904]], [[1910 Copa del Rey|1910]], [[1911 Copa del Rey|1911]], [[1914 Copa del Rey|1914]], [[1915 Copa del Rey|1915]], [[1916 Copa del Rey|1916]], [[1921 Copa del Rey|1921]], [[1923 Copa del Rey|1923]], [[1930 Copa del Rey|1930]], [[1931 Copa del Rey|1931]], [[1932 Copa del Rey|1932]], [[1933 Copa del Presidente de la República|1933]], [[1943 Copa del Generalísimo|1943]], [[1944 Copa del Generalísimo|1944]], [[1944–45 Copa del Generalísimo|1944–45]], [[1949–50 Copa del Generalísimo|1949–50]], [[1955 Copa del Generalísimo|1955]], [[1956 Copa del Generalísimo|1956]], [[1958 Copa del Generalísimo|1958]], [[1969 Copa del Generalísimo|1969]], [[1972–73 Copa del Generalísimo|1972–73]], [[1983–84 Copa del Rey|1983–84]], 2023-24 :''Runners-up (13):'' [[1905 Copa del Rey|1905]], [[1906 Copa del Rey|1906]], [[1913 Copa del Rey|1913]], [[1920 Copa del Rey|1920]], [[1942 Copa del Generalísimo|1942]], [[1948–49 Copa del Generalísimo|1948–49]], [[1952–53 Copa del Generalísimo|1952–53]], [[1965–66 Copa del Generalísimo|1965–66]], [[1966–67 Copa del Generalísimo|1966–67]], [[1976–77 Copa del Rey|1976–77]], [[1984–85 Copa del Rey|1984–85]], [[2008–09 Copa del Rey|2008–09]], [[2011–12 Copa del Rey|2011–12]]. *'''[[Supercopa de España]]''' :'''Winners (3):''' 1984*, 2015, 2021 :<small>(* ''Won [[Copa del Rey]] and [[La Liga]]''</small> ''Runners-up (2):'' [[1983 Supercopa de España|1983]], [[2009 Supercopa de España|2009]] *'''[[Copa Eva Duarte]]'''<ref>Note:"Eva Duarte Cup" competition was the predecessor of the current "Spanish Supercup", because they face the league champion against the champion of the "Copa del Rey".</ref> :'''Winners (1):''' 1950.<ref>The [[Copa Eva Duarte]] was only recognized and organized with that name by the RFEF from 1947 until 1953, and therefore Athletic Bilbao's runners-up medal in the "Copa de Oro Argentina" of 1945 is not included in this count.</ref> :''Runners-up (1):'' 1945 === International tournaments === * UEFA Europa League ''Runners-up:'' 2011-2012 == League position == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |align="center"|Season||align="center"|League||align="center"|Position |- |2000/01||[[La Liga]]||12th |- |2001/02||[[La Liga]]||8th |- |2002/03||[[La Liga]]||7th |- |2003/04||[[La Liga]]||5th |- |2004/05||[[La Liga]]||9th |- |2005/06||[[La Liga]]||12th |- |2006/07||[[La Liga]]||17th |- |2007/08||[[La Liga]]||11th |- |2008/09||[[La Liga]]||13th |} === Former position === {{scroll box|width=75%| * 1929 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1929/30 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1930/31 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1931/32 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1932/33 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1933/34 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1934/35 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1935/36 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1939/40 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1940/41 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1941/42 : [[La Liga]] - 7th * 1942/43 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1943/44 : [[La Liga]] - 10th * 1944/45 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1945/46 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1946/47 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1947/48 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1948/49 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1949/50 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1950/51 : [[La Liga]] - 7th * 1951/52 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1952/53 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1953/54 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1954/55 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1955/56 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1956/57 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1957/58 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1958/59 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1959/60 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1960/61 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1961/62 : [[La Liga]] - 5th * 1962/63 : [[La Liga]] - 10th * 1963/64 : [[La Liga]] - 8th * 1964/65 : [[La Liga]] - 7th * 1965/66 : [[La Liga]] - 5th * 1966/67 : [[La Liga]] - 7th * 1967/68 : [[La Liga]] - 7th * 1968/69 : [[La Liga]] - 11th * 1969/70 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1970/71 : [[La Liga]] - 5th * 1971/72 : [[La Liga]] - 9th * 1972/73 : [[La Liga]] - 9th * 1973/74 : [[La Liga]] - 5th * 1974/75 : [[La Liga]] - 10th * 1975/76 : [[La Liga]] - 5th * 1976/77 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1977/78 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1978/79 : [[La Liga]] - 9th * 1979/80 : [[La Liga]] - 7th * 1980/81 : [[La Liga]] - 9th * 1981/82 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1982/83 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1983/84 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1984/85 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1985/86 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1986/87 : [[La Liga]] - 13th * 1987/88 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1988/89 : [[La Liga]] - 7th * 1989/90 : [[La Liga]] - 12th * 1990/91 : [[La Liga]] - 12th * 1991/92 : [[La Liga]] - 14th * 1992/93 : [[La Liga]] - 8th * 1993/94 : [[La Liga]] - 5th * 1994/95 : [[La Liga]] - 8th * 1995/96 : [[La Liga]] - 15th * 1996/97 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1997/98 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1998/99 : [[La Liga]] - 8th * 1999/00 : [[La Liga]] - 11th }} ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Spanish football clubs]] [[Category:Bilbao]] [[Category:1898 establishments in Europe]] [[Category:1890s establishments in Spain]] dhj3wwvyl4l9rdcbnfop4cfclhbguff 10369077 10369075 2025-07-03T07:01:46Z Rojiblancos 1630588 https://www.laliga.com/ 10369077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Football club | clubname = Athletic Club | current = | fullname = Athletic Club | nickname = | founded = 1898. 07. 18 | ground = [[San Mamés Stadium]],<br />[[Bilbao]], [[Spain]] | capacity = 53,289 | chairman = [[Aitor Elizegi]] | manager = [[Marcelino Garciá]] | captain = Iker Muniain | league = [[La Liga]] | season = 2020/21 | position = [[La Liga]], 10th | pattern_la1 = _blackborder | pattern_b1 = _jomainter4rw | pattern_ra1 = _blackborder | pattern_sh1 = _athletic2425h | pattern_so1 = _athletic2425hl | leftarm1 = FF0000 | body1 = FFFFFF | rightarm1 = FF0000 | shorts1 = 000000 | socks1 = 000000 | pattern_la2 = _jomatoletum5gw | pattern_b2 = _jomatoletum5gw | pattern_ra2 = _jomatoletum5gw | pattern_sh2 = | pattern_so2 = _socks | leftarm2 = 008000 | body2 = 008000 | rightarm2 = 008000 | shorts2 = FFFFFF | socks2 = 008000 | pattern_la3 = | pattern_b3 = _jomaacademy4lmb | pattern_ra3 = | pattern_sh3 = | pattern_so3 = _athletic2425hl | leftarm3 = 000000 | body3 = A0A0A0 | rightarm3 = 000000 | shorts3 = 000000 | socks3 = 000000 }} [[File:Athletic Club 1903.jpg|thumbnail|The squad with the Copa del Rey 1903]] '''Athletic Club''', most often known in English as '''Athletic Bilbao''', is a [[Association football|football]] club which plays in [[Spain]]. Athletic Bilbao's nickname is "Los Leones" (The Lions). This is because their stadium was built near a church named San Mamés. The church is named after Saint Mammes, an early Christian thrown to the lions by the [[Roman Empire|Romans]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bilbao Insider|date=25 April 2024|title=Replica Football Shirts|url=https://replicafootballshirt.com/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241121154226/https://bilbaoinsider.com/what-is-athletic-club-bilbao-football-laliga/|archive-date=21 November 2024|access-date=2 September 2024|website=What is Athletic Club?}}</ref> The club formed from a merger of two football clubs ; '''Bilbao F.C.''' and '''Athletic Club''' in 1903. Athletic Bilbao is known for only utilizing players from the historic [[Basque Country (greater region)|basque territory]], which includes the [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]] in Spain and France such as the region of [[Navarre]]. == Rivalries == Athletic Club has three major rivalries: Real Sociedad de San Sebastian, FC Barcelona and Real Madrid. The Rivalry with Real Sociedad is due to the location, because both teams are from the Basque Country. The rivalry also took place because of the rule to only sign players from the basque territory, yet Real Sociedad abondoned the rule in the 1980s. The rivalries with Real Madrid established itself because of the political circumstances. Both the Basque Country and Catalunya were had massive issues with the central goverment under Dictator Franco in Madrid, who forbid their language and traditions for a greater spanish empire. Franco heavily supported the capitals team, Real Madrid, which caused tensions with supporters of Athletic Club. The rivalry with FC Barcelona also is a result of the Franco-era. FC Barcelona, located in Catalunya, had the same issues with the central government such as the Basque Country. As a result of this circumstance, a rivalry between the Basque Country and Catalunya happened, which translated in football. As both Athletic Club and the FC Barcelona are the most important teams of their regions, they were the protagonists for this rivalry. Even with Spain being democratic since Franco's in 1975, both rivalries with Real Madrid and FC Barcelona are still on-going. == Honours == === National tournaments === *'''[[La Liga]]''' :'''Winners (8):''' [[1929–30 La Liga|1929–30]], [[1930–31 La Liga|1930–31]], [[1933–34 La Liga|1933–34]], [[1935–36 La Liga|1935–36]], [[1942–43 La Liga|1942–43]], [[1955–56 La Liga|1955–56]], [[1982–83 La Liga|1982–83]], [[1983–84 La Liga|1983–84]]. :''Runners-up (7):'' [[1931–32 La Liga|1931–32]], [[1932–33 La Liga|1932–33]], [[1940–41 La Liga|1940–41]], [[1946–47 La Liga|1946–47]], [[1951–52 La Liga|1951–52]], [[1969–70 La Liga|1969–70]], [[1997–98 La Liga|1997–98]]. *''' [[Copa del Rey]]''' :'''Winners (24<ref name="1902cup">Note:''The number of Copa wins ''Athletic Club'' have been credited with is disputed. The 1902 competition was won by ''Bizcaya'', a team made up of players from ''Athletic Club'' and ''Bilbao FC''. In 1903 these two clubs merged as ''Athletic Club''. The 1902 cup is on display in the Athletic museum [http://www.rsssf.com/tabless/spancup1902.html] and the club includes it in its own honours list. [http://www.athletic-club.net/acc/home.asp?a=7&b=2&idi=2]. However LFP and [[Royal Spanish Football Federation|RFEF]] official statistics do not include this as an Athletic win.''</ref>):''' [[1903 Copa del Rey|1903]], [[1904 Copa del Rey|1904]], [[1910 Copa del Rey|1910]], [[1911 Copa del Rey|1911]], [[1914 Copa del Rey|1914]], [[1915 Copa del Rey|1915]], [[1916 Copa del Rey|1916]], [[1921 Copa del Rey|1921]], [[1923 Copa del Rey|1923]], [[1930 Copa del Rey|1930]], [[1931 Copa del Rey|1931]], [[1932 Copa del Rey|1932]], [[1933 Copa del Presidente de la República|1933]], [[1943 Copa del Generalísimo|1943]], [[1944 Copa del Generalísimo|1944]], [[1944–45 Copa del Generalísimo|1944–45]], [[1949–50 Copa del Generalísimo|1949–50]], [[1955 Copa del Generalísimo|1955]], [[1956 Copa del Generalísimo|1956]], [[1958 Copa del Generalísimo|1958]], [[1969 Copa del Generalísimo|1969]], [[1972–73 Copa del Generalísimo|1972–73]], [[1983–84 Copa del Rey|1983–84]], 2023-24 :''Runners-up (13):'' [[1905 Copa del Rey|1905]], [[1906 Copa del Rey|1906]], [[1913 Copa del Rey|1913]], [[1920 Copa del Rey|1920]], [[1942 Copa del Generalísimo|1942]], [[1948–49 Copa del Generalísimo|1948–49]], [[1952–53 Copa del Generalísimo|1952–53]], [[1965–66 Copa del Generalísimo|1965–66]], [[1966–67 Copa del Generalísimo|1966–67]], [[1976–77 Copa del Rey|1976–77]], [[1984–85 Copa del Rey|1984–85]], [[2008–09 Copa del Rey|2008–09]], [[2011–12 Copa del Rey|2011–12]]. *'''[[Supercopa de España]]''' :'''Winners (3):''' 1984*, 2015, 2021 :<small>(* ''Won [[Copa del Rey]] and [[La Liga]]''</small> ''Runners-up (2):'' [[1983 Supercopa de España|1983]], [[2009 Supercopa de España|2009]] *'''[[Copa Eva Duarte]]'''<ref>Note:"Eva Duarte Cup" competition was the predecessor of the current "Spanish Supercup", because they face the league champion against the champion of the "Copa del Rey".</ref> :'''Winners (1):''' 1950.<ref>The [[Copa Eva Duarte]] was only recognized and organized with that name by the RFEF from 1947 until 1953, and therefore Athletic Bilbao's runners-up medal in the "Copa de Oro Argentina" of 1945 is not included in this count.</ref> :''Runners-up (1):'' 1945 === International tournaments === * UEFA Europa League ''Runners-up:'' 2011-2012 == League position == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |align="center"|Season||align="center"|League||align="center"|Position |- |2000/01||[[La Liga]]||12th |- |2001/02||[[La Liga]]||8th |- |2002/03||[[La Liga]]||7th |- |2003/04||[[La Liga]]||5th |- |2004/05||[[La Liga]]||9th |- |2005/06||[[La Liga]]||12th |- |2006/07||[[La Liga]]||17th |- |2007/08||[[La Liga]]||11th |- |2008/09||[[La Liga]]||13th |} === Former position === {{scroll box|width=75%| * 1929 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1929/30 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1930/31 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1931/32 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1932/33 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1933/34 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1934/35 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1935/36 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1939/40 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1940/41 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1941/42 : [[La Liga]] - 7th * 1942/43 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1943/44 : [[La Liga]] - 10th * 1944/45 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1945/46 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1946/47 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1947/48 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1948/49 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1949/50 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1950/51 : [[La Liga]] - 7th * 1951/52 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1952/53 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1953/54 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1954/55 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1955/56 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1956/57 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1957/58 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1958/59 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1959/60 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1960/61 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1961/62 : [[La Liga]] - 5th * 1962/63 : [[La Liga]] - 10th * 1963/64 : [[La Liga]] - 8th * 1964/65 : [[La Liga]] - 7th * 1965/66 : [[La Liga]] - 5th * 1966/67 : [[La Liga]] - 7th * 1967/68 : [[La Liga]] - 7th * 1968/69 : [[La Liga]] - 11th * 1969/70 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1970/71 : [[La Liga]] - 5th * 1971/72 : [[La Liga]] - 9th * 1972/73 : [[La Liga]] - 9th * 1973/74 : [[La Liga]] - 5th * 1974/75 : [[La Liga]] - 10th * 1975/76 : [[La Liga]] - 5th * 1976/77 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1977/78 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1978/79 : [[La Liga]] - 9th * 1979/80 : [[La Liga]] - 7th * 1980/81 : [[La Liga]] - 9th * 1981/82 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1982/83 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1983/84 : [[La Liga]] - Champions * 1984/85 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1985/86 : [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1986/87 : [[La Liga]] - 13th * 1987/88 : [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1988/89 : [[La Liga]] - 7th * 1989/90 : [[La Liga]] - 12th * 1990/91 : [[La Liga]] - 12th * 1991/92 : [[La Liga]] - 14th * 1992/93 : [[La Liga]] - 8th * 1993/94 : [[La Liga]] - 5th * 1994/95 : [[La Liga]] - 8th * 1995/96 : [[La Liga]] - 15th * 1996/97 : [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1997/98 : [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1998/99 : [[La Liga]] - 8th * 1999/00 : [[La Liga]] - 11th }} ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Spanish football clubs]] [[Category:Bilbao]] [[Category:1898 establishments in Europe]] [[Category:1890s establishments in Spain]] tmg7oy0na2v2sgz3aajn7cmc5408m2l 0 131986 10368258 10119432 2025-07-02T21:00:06Z 2A0C:5A81:9307:4800:A994:D1D5:C391:20EC Turkey 10368258 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Turkish alphabet''' is used for writing, speaking and reading in [[Turkish language|Turkish]]. This [[alphabet]] is modified from the [[Latin alphabet]]. There are 29 letters in the Turkish alphabet. The [[English language|English]] letters Q, W and X are not in the Turkish alphabet. Seven letters that have been changed from their original Latin forms (Ç, Ğ, I, İ, Ö, Ş, and Ü) are in the Turkish alphabet. {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse; font-size: 120%;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="29" | <span style="font-size: 90%;">'''[[Capital letters]]'''</span> |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[C]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ç]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G|Ğ]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Dotted and dotless I|I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Dotted and dotless I|İ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[J]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ö]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|[[R|Q]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S|R]]||width=3% align="center"|S [[Ş]]|| align="center" width="3%" |[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ü]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Y|W]]||width=3% align="center"|X Y [[Z]] |- |align="center" colspan="29" | <span style="font-size: 90%;">'''[[Lower case|Lower case letters]]'''</span> |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|b||align="center"|c||align="center"|ç||align="center"|d||align="center"|e||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|ğ||align="center"|h||align="center"|[[Dotted and dotless I|ı]]||align="center"|i||align="center"|j||align="center"|k||align="center"|l||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|o||align="center"|ö||align="center"|p||align="center"|q|| align="center" |r|| align="center" |sş|| align="center" |t||align="center"|u||align="center"|ü||align="center"|v||align="center"|w x|| align="center" |y z |} There are 8 vowels in the Turkish alphabet: A, E, I, İ, O, Ö, U, Ü,Y,. There are 21 consonants in the Turkish alphabet: B, C, Ç, D, F, G, Ğ, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q,R, S, Ş, T, V, W,X, Z. ==Letters== {| class="wikitable" |- !colspan=2|Letter ![[Help:IPA|IPA]] !Name ![[English language|English]] <br />approximation !colspan=2|Letter ![[Help:IPA|IPA]] !Name ![[English language|English]] <br />approximation |- |''A''||''a''||{{IPA|/a/}}||''a''<br>{{IPA|/a/}}||As ''a'' in ''f'''a'''ther''||''M''||''m''|||{{IPA|/m/}}||''me''<br>{{IPA|/meː/}}||As ''m'' in '''''m'''an'' |- |''B''||''b''||{{IPA|/b/}}||''be''<br>{{IPA|/beː/}}||As ''b'' in '''''b'''at''||''N''||''n''||{{IPA|/n/}}||''ne''<br>{{IPA|/neː/}}||As ''n'' in '''''n'''o'' |- |''C''||''c''||{{IPA|/dʒ/}}||''ce''<br>{{IPA|/dʒeː/}}||As ''j'' in '''''j'''ob''||''O''||''o''||{{IPA|/o/}}||''o''<br>{{IPA|/oː/}}||As ''o'' in ''n'''o'''t'' |- |''Ç''||''ç''||{{IPA|/tʃ/}}||''çe''<br>{{IPA|/tʃeː/}}||As ''ch'' in '''''ch'''at''||''Ö''||''ö''||{{IPA|/œ/}}||''ö''<br>{{IPA|/œː/}}||As ''u'' in ''f'''u'''r'' |- |''D''||''d''||{{IPA|/d/}}||''de''<br>{{IPA|/deː/}}||As ''d'' in '''''d'''og''||''P''||''p''||{{IPA|/p/}}||''pe''<br>{{IPA|/peː/}}||As ''p'' in '''''p'''ut'' |- |''E''||''e''||{{IPA|/e/}}||''e''<br>{{IPA|/eː/}}||As ''e'' in ''r'''e'''d''||''R''||''r''||{{IPA|/ɾ/}}||''re''<br>{{IPA|/ɾeː/}}||As ''r'' in '''''r'''ent'' |- |''F''||''f''||{{IPA|/f/}}||''fe''<br>{{IPA|/feː/}}||As ''f'' in '''''f'''ar''||''S''||''s''||{{IPA|/s/}}||''se''<br>{{IPA|/seː/}}||As ''s'' in '''''s'''and'' |- |''G''||''g''||{{IPA|/g/}} or {{IPA|/ɟ/}} ||''ge''<br>{{IPA|/ɟeː/}}||As ''g'' in '''''g'''ap''||''Ş''||''ş''||{{IPA|/ʃ/}}||''şe''<br>{{IPA|/ʃeː/}}||As ''sh'' in '''''sh'''e'' |- |''Ğ''||''ğ''||| ||''yumuşak ge''<br>{{IPA|/jumuʃak ɟeː/}}|| ||''T''||''t''||{{IPA|/t/}}||''te''<br>{{IPA|/teː/}}||As ''t'' in '''''t'''op'' |- |''H''||''h''||{{IPA|/h/}}||''he''<br>{{IPA|/heː/}}||As ''h'' in '''''h'''ot''||''U''||''u''||{{IPA|/u/}}||''u''<br>{{IPA|/uː/}}||As ''oo'' in ''m'''oo'''se'' |- |''I''||''ı''||{{IPA|/ɯ/}}||''ı''<br>{{IPA|/ɯː/}}||Like ''a'' in '''''a'''bout''||''Ü''||''ü''||{{IPA|/y/}}||''ü''<br>{{IPA|/yː/}}||As ''u'' in ''l'''u'''te'' |- |''İ''||''i''||{{IPA|/i/}}||''i''<br>{{IPA|/iː/}}||As ''i'' in ''mach'''i'''ne''||''V''||''v''||{{IPA|/v/}}||''ve''<br>{{IPA|/veː/}}||As ''v'' in '''''v'''al'''v'''e'' |- |''J''||''j''||{{IPA|/ʒ/}}||''je''<br>{{IPA|/ʒeː/}}||As ''g'' in ''monta'''g'''e''||''Y''||''y''||{{IPA|/j/}}||''ye''<br>{{IPA|/jeː/}}||As ''y'' in '''''y'''ou'' |- |''K''||''k''||{{IPA|/k/}} or {{IPA|/c/}} ||''ke''<br>{{IPA|/ceː/}}||As ''c'' in '''''c'''at''||''Z''||''z''||{{IPA|/z/}}||''ze''<br>{{IPA|/zeː/}}||As ''z'' in '''''z'''ip'' |- |''L''||''l''||{{IPA|/ɫ/}} or {{IPA|/l/}}||''le''<br>{{IPA|/leː/}}||As ''l'' in '''''l'''et'' |} Additionally, I (Latin I), Q, W, and X are not in the Turkish alphabet, but they are used in [[loanwords]]. [[Category:Alphabets]] [[Category:Turkey]] [[Category:Turkish language|alphabet]] gvhbc9pghv2100rzlmoiztewxeakxwj 10368259 10368258 2025-07-02T21:01:50Z 2A0C:5A81:9307:4800:A994:D1D5:C391:20EC Turkey 10368259 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Turkish alphabet''' is used for writing, speaking and reading in [[Turkish language|Turkish]]. This [[alphabet]] is modified from the [[Latin alphabet]]. There are 32 letters in the Turkish alphabet. The [[English language|English]] letters and are not in the Turkish alphabet. Seven letters that have been changed from their original Latin forms (Ç, Ğ, I, İ, Ö, Ş, and Ü) are in the Turkish alphabet. {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse; font-size: 120%;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="29" | <span style="font-size: 90%;">'''[[Capital letters]]'''</span> |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[C]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ç]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G|Ğ]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Dotted and dotless I|I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Dotted and dotless I|İ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[J]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ö]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|[[R|Q]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S|R]]||width=3% align="center"|S [[Ş]]|| align="center" width="3%" |[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ü]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Y|W]]||width=3% align="center"|X Y [[Z]] |- |align="center" colspan="29" | <span style="font-size: 90%;">'''[[Lower case|Lower case letters]]'''</span> |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|b||align="center"|c||align="center"|ç||align="center"|d||align="center"|e||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|ğ||align="center"|h||align="center"|[[Dotted and dotless I|ı]]||align="center"|i||align="center"|j||align="center"|k||align="center"|l||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|o||align="center"|ö||align="center"|p||align="center"|q|| align="center" |r|| align="center" |sş|| align="center" |t||align="center"|u||align="center"|ü||align="center"|v||align="center"|w x|| align="center" |y z |} There are 8 vowels in the Turkish alphabet: A, E, I, İ, O, Ö, U, Ü,Y,. There are 23 consonants in the Turkish alphabet: B, C, Ç, D, F, G, Ğ, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q,R, S, Ş, T, V, W,X, Z. ==Letters== {| class="wikitable" |- !colspan=2|Letter ![[Help:IPA|IPA]] !Name ![[English language|English]] <br />approximation !colspan=2|Letter ![[Help:IPA|IPA]] !Name ![[English language|English]] <br />approximation |- |''A''||''a''||{{IPA|/a/}}||''a''<br>{{IPA|/a/}}||As ''a'' in ''f'''a'''ther''||''M''||''m''|||{{IPA|/m/}}||''me''<br>{{IPA|/meː/}}||As ''m'' in '''''m'''an'' |- |''B''||''b''||{{IPA|/b/}}||''be''<br>{{IPA|/beː/}}||As ''b'' in '''''b'''at''||''N''||''n''||{{IPA|/n/}}||''ne''<br>{{IPA|/neː/}}||As ''n'' in '''''n'''o'' |- |''C''||''c''||{{IPA|/dʒ/}}||''ce''<br>{{IPA|/dʒeː/}}||As ''j'' in '''''j'''ob''||''O''||''o''||{{IPA|/o/}}||''o''<br>{{IPA|/oː/}}||As ''o'' in ''n'''o'''t'' |- |''Ç''||''ç''||{{IPA|/tʃ/}}||''çe''<br>{{IPA|/tʃeː/}}||As ''ch'' in '''''ch'''at''||''Ö''||''ö''||{{IPA|/œ/}}||''ö''<br>{{IPA|/œː/}}||As ''u'' in ''f'''u'''r'' |- |''D''||''d''||{{IPA|/d/}}||''de''<br>{{IPA|/deː/}}||As ''d'' in '''''d'''og''||''P''||''p''||{{IPA|/p/}}||''pe''<br>{{IPA|/peː/}}||As ''p'' in '''''p'''ut'' |- |''E''||''e''||{{IPA|/e/}}||''e''<br>{{IPA|/eː/}}||As ''e'' in ''r'''e'''d''||''R''||''r''||{{IPA|/ɾ/}}||''re''<br>{{IPA|/ɾeː/}}||As ''r'' in '''''r'''ent'' |- |''F''||''f''||{{IPA|/f/}}||''fe''<br>{{IPA|/feː/}}||As ''f'' in '''''f'''ar''||''S''||''s''||{{IPA|/s/}}||''se''<br>{{IPA|/seː/}}||As ''s'' in '''''s'''and'' |- |''G''||''g''||{{IPA|/g/}} or {{IPA|/ɟ/}} ||''ge''<br>{{IPA|/ɟeː/}}||As ''g'' in '''''g'''ap''||''Ş''||''ş''||{{IPA|/ʃ/}}||''şe''<br>{{IPA|/ʃeː/}}||As ''sh'' in '''''sh'''e'' |- |''Ğ''||''ğ''||| ||''yumuşak ge''<br>{{IPA|/jumuʃak ɟeː/}}|| ||''T''||''t''||{{IPA|/t/}}||''te''<br>{{IPA|/teː/}}||As ''t'' in '''''t'''op'' |- |''H''||''h''||{{IPA|/h/}}||''he''<br>{{IPA|/heː/}}||As ''h'' in '''''h'''ot''||''U''||''u''||{{IPA|/u/}}||''u''<br>{{IPA|/uː/}}||As ''oo'' in ''m'''oo'''se'' |- |''I''||''ı''||{{IPA|/ɯ/}}||''ı''<br>{{IPA|/ɯː/}}||Like ''a'' in '''''a'''bout''||''Ü''||''ü''||{{IPA|/y/}}||''ü''<br>{{IPA|/yː/}}||As ''u'' in ''l'''u'''te'' |- |''İ''||''i''||{{IPA|/i/}}||''i''<br>{{IPA|/iː/}}||As ''i'' in ''mach'''i'''ne''||''V''||''v''||{{IPA|/v/}}||''ve''<br>{{IPA|/veː/}}||As ''v'' in '''''v'''al'''v'''e'' |- |''J''||''j''||{{IPA|/ʒ/}}||''je''<br>{{IPA|/ʒeː/}}||As ''g'' in ''monta'''g'''e''||''Y''||''y''||{{IPA|/j/}}||''ye''<br>{{IPA|/jeː/}}||As ''y'' in '''''y'''ou'' |- |''K''||''k''||{{IPA|/k/}} or {{IPA|/c/}} ||''ke''<br>{{IPA|/ceː/}}||As ''c'' in '''''c'''at''||''Z''||''z''||{{IPA|/z/}}||''ze''<br>{{IPA|/zeː/}}||As ''z'' in '''''z'''ip'' |- |''L''||''l''||{{IPA|/ɫ/}} or {{IPA|/l/}}||''le''<br>{{IPA|/leː/}}||As ''l'' in '''''l'''et'' |} Additionally, I (Latin I), Q, W, and X are not in the Turkish alphabet, but they are used in [[loanwords]]. [[Category:Alphabets]] [[Category:Turkey]] [[Category:Turkish language|alphabet]] ktdulbg5bfn1v5bdiqk85n2blnlkit3 0 132031 10367803 9199291 2025-07-02T15:31:33Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10367803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Ali Karimi | image = Ali Karimi in Mashhad.jpg | image_size = | caption =Ali Karimi 2015 | fullname = Mohammad Ali Karimi<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifadata.com/document/fwc/2006/PDF/FWC_2006_SquadLists.pdf |title=2006 FIFA World Cup Germany: List of Players: Iran |publisher=FIFA |page=14 |date=21 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190610174527/https://www.fifadata.com/document/fwc/2006/PDF/FWC_2006_SquadLists.pdf |archive-date=10 June 2019}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1978|11|8|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Karaj]], [[Pahlavi Iran|Imperial State of Iran]] | height = 1.78 m<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/germany2006/teams/team=43817.html | title = 2006 FIFA World Cup Germany | publisher = FIFA | access-date = 26 February 2012 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120410155301/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/germany2006/teams/team%3D43817.html | archive-date = 10 April 2012}}</ref> | currentclub = | position = [[Attacking midfielder]], [[forward (association football)|forward]] | youthyears1 = 1990–1991 | youthclubs1 = [[Naft Tehran F.C.|Naft Tehran]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.hamshahrimags.com/Images/News/AtachFile/15-9-1389/FILE634273386575065000.pdf | title = Tamashagar Vol. 23 pp 46–47 | publisher = hamshahrimags.com | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120309024347/http://www.hamshahrimags.com/Images/News/AtachFile/15-9-1389/FILE634273386575065000.pdf | archive-date = 9 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.mardomsalari.com/Template1/Article.aspx?AID=8849#58401 | script-title = fa:يک بازي بزرگ حداقل شايستگي سربازان فوتبال ايران | publisher = Mardomsalari Newspaper | language = fa | access-date = 26 February 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120321065955/http://www.mardomsalari.com/Template1/Article.aspx?AID=8849#58401 | archive-date = 21 March 2012 | url-status = dead}}</ref> | youthyears2 = 1991–1994 | youthclubs2 = [[Saipa F.C.|Saipa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://alikarimi8.ir/pe/# |title=Ali Karimi's official website |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111211070409/http://alikarimi8.ir/pe/ |archive-date=11 December 2011 }}</ref> | youthyears3 = 1994–1996 | youthclubs3 = [[Fath Tehran F.C.|Fath Tehran]] | years1 = 1996–1998 | clubs1 = [[Fath Tehran F.C.|Fath Tehran]] | caps1 = | goals1 = | years2 = 1998–2001 | clubs2 = [[Persepolis F.C.|Persepolis]] | caps2 = 42 | goals2 = 11 | years3 = 2001–2005 | clubs3 = [[Al-Ahli (Dubai)|Al-Ahli]] | caps3 = 69 | goals3 = 45 | years4 = 2005–2007 | clubs4 = [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] | caps4 = 33 | goals4 = 3 | years5 = 2007–2008 | clubs5 = [[Qatar Sports Club|Qatar SC]] | caps5 = 26 | goals5 = 5 | years6 = 2008–2009 | clubs6 = [[Persepolis F.C.|Persepolis]] | caps6 = 21 | goals6 = 5 | years7 = 2009–2011 | clubs7 = [[Steel Azin F.C.|Steel Azin]] | caps7 = 40 | goals7 = 14 | years8 = 2011 | clubs8 = [[FC Schalke 04|Schalke 04]] | caps8 = 1 | goals8 = 0 | years9 = 2011–2013 | clubs9 = [[Persepolis F.C.|Persepolis]] | caps9 = 40 | goals9 = 13 | years10 = 2013–2014 | clubs10 = [[Tractor Sazi F.C.|Tractor Sazi]] | caps10 = 26 | goals10 = 5 | totalcaps = 298 | totalgoals = 101 | nationalyears1 = 1999 | nationalteam1 = [[Iran national under-23 football team|Iran U23]] | nationalcaps1 = 3<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rsssf.org/tablesd/dunhill99.html | title = Dunhill Cup 1999 (Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam) | website = RSSSF | date = 15 December 1999 | access-date = 18 January 2018 | first = Josef | last = Bobrowsky}}</ref> | nationalgoals1 = 2 | nationalyears2 = 1998–2012 | nationalteam2 = [[Iran national football team|Iran]] | nationalcaps2 = 127 | nationalgoals2 = 38 | medaltemplates = {{Medal|Country|{{Fb|IRN}}}} {{Medal|Competition|[[Asian Games]]}} {{Medal|1st|[[1998 Asian Games|1998 Bangkok]]|[[Football at the 1998 Asian Games|Team]]}} {{Medal|Competition|[[AFC Asian Cup]]}} {{Medal|3rd|[[2004 AFC Asian Cup|2004 China]]|}} | manageryears1 = 2014 | managerclubs1 = [[Iran national football team|Iran]] (assistant)<ref>{{cite web | url = https://financialtribune.com/articles/art-and-culture/1306/karimi-to-assist-queiroz | title = Karimi to Assist Queiroz | website = Financial Tribune | date = 27 September 2014 | access-date = 18 January 2018 | archive-date = 7 June 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190607103807/https://financialtribune.com/articles/art-and-culture/1306/karimi-to-assist-queiroz | url-status = dead }}</ref> | manageryears2 = 2017 | managerclubs2 = [[Naft Tehran F.C.|Naft Tehran]] | manageryears3 = 2018 | managerclubs3 = [[Sepidrood Rasht S.C.|Sepidrood]] | manageryears4 = 2018–2019 | managerclubs4 = [[Sepidrood Rasht S.C.|Sepidrood]] }} '''Mohammad Ali Karimi''' ({{lang-fa|محمدعلی کریمی}} {{IPA-fa|ɑli kæriˈmi|lang|Ali Karimi.ogg}}; born 8 November 1978) is an Iranian [[Association football|football]] coach and former professional footballer. ==Career statistics== ===Club=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition<ref>{{citation|title=Ali Karimi » Club matches|url=https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/ali-karimi/2/|access-date=10 October 2019|publisher=worldfootball.net}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=مروری بر کارنامه باشگاهی علی کریمی|language=fa|url=http://www.goal.com/iran/news/1825/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/2011/06/18/2536472/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Dq9gfprv?url=http://www.goal.com/iran/news/1825/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/2011/06/18/2536472/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%EF%BF%BD|access-date=1 December 2019|date=18 June 2011|publisher=goal.com|archive-date=21 January 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> |- !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|National Cup !colspan="2"|League Cup !colspan="2"|Continental !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="4"|[[Persepolis F.C.|Persepolis]] |[[1998–99 Azadegan League|1998–99]] |rowspan="3"|[[Azadegan League]] |13||3||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||13||3 |- |[[1999–2000 Azadegan League|1999–00]] |10||3||0||0||colspan="2"|—||5||1||15||4 |- |[[2000–01 Azadegan League|2000–01]] |19||5||2||0||colspan="2"|—||8||4||29||9 |- !colspan="2"|Total !42!!11!!2!!0!!0!!0!!13!!5!!57!!16 |- |rowspan="5"|[[Al-Ahli (Dubai)|Al-Ahli]] |[[2001–02 UAE Football League|2001–02]] |rowspan="4"|[[UAE League]] | || 14<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rsssf.org/tablesu/uae02.html | title = United Arab Emirates 2001/02 | publisher = Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation | access-date =26 February 2012 | first = Mohammed | last = Qayed | date = 30 August 2002}}</ref> || || ||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—|| || |- |[[2002–03 UAE Football League|2002–03]] ||| 5<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rsssf.org/tablesu/uae03.html | title = United Arab Emirates 2002/03 | publisher = Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation | access-date =26 February 2012 | first = Mohammed | last = Qayed | date = 25 January 2004}}</ref> || || ||colspan="2"|—||2||0|| || |- |[[2003–04 UAE Football League|2003–04]] ||| 15<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rsssf.org/tablesu/uae04.html | title = United Arab Emirates 2003/04 | publisher = Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation | access-date =26 February 2012 | first = Mohammed | last = Qayed | date = 20 October 2004}}</ref> || || ||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—|| || |- |[[2004–05 UAE Football League|2004–05]] | || 11<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rsssf.org/tablesu/uae05.html| title = United Arab Emirates 2004/05 | publisher = Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation | access-date =26 February 2012 | first = Mohammed | last = Qayed | date = 1 February 2006}}</ref> || || ||colspan="2"|—||6||2|| || |- !colspan="2"|Total !69!!45!!30!!29!!9!!5!!8!!2!!116!!81 |- |rowspan="3"|[[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] |[[2005–06 Bundesliga|2005–06]] |rowspan="2"|[[Bundesliga]] |20||2||2||0||1||0||3||1||26||3 |- |[[2006–07 Bundesliga|2006–07]] |13||1||0||0||1||0||2||0||16||1 |- !colspan="2"|Total !33!!3!!2!!0!!2!!0!!5!!1!!42!!4 |- |[[Qatar Sports Club|Qatar SC]] |[[2007–08 Qatar Stars League|2007–08]] |[[Qatari League]] |26||5||2||0||2||1||colspan="2"|—||30||6 |- |[[Persepolis]] |[[2008–09 Persian Gulf Cup|2008–09]] |[[Iran Pro League|Pro League]] |21||5||1||0||colspan="2"|—||6||2||28||7 |- |rowspan="3"|[[Steel Azin F.C.|Steel Azin]] |[[2009–10 Persian Gulf Cup|2009–10]] |rowspan="2"|Pro League ||28||14||3||1||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||31||15 |- |[[2010–11 Persian Gulf Cup|2010–11]] |12||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||12||0 |- !colspan="2"|Total !40!!14!!3!!1!!0!!0!!0!!0!!43!!15 |- |[[FC Schalke 04|Schalke 04]] |[[2010–11 Bundesliga|2010–11]] |Bundesliga |1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0||2||0 |- |rowspan="3"|[[Persepolis]] |[[2011–12 Persian Gulf Cup|2011–12]] |rowspan="2"|[[Persian Gulf Pro League|Pro League]] |28||12||2||0||colspan="2"|—||7||3||37||15 |- |[[2012–13 Persian Gulf Cup|2012–13]] |12||1||3||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||15||1 |- !colspan="2"|Total !40!!13!!5!!0!!0!!0!!7!!3!!52!!16 |- |[[Tractor Sazi F.C.|Tractor Sazi]] |[[2013–14 Iran Pro League|2013–14]] |Pro League |26||5||4||0||colspan="2"|—||5||0||34||5 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !298!!101!!51!!30!!13!!6!!45!!13!!407!!150 |} ===International=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances and goals by national team and year |- !National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="14"|[[Iran national football team|Iran]]<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/karimi-intl.html | archive-url = https://archive.today/20130202011338/http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/Karimi-intl.html | url-status = live | archive-date = 2 February 2013 | title = Ali Mohammed Karimi – International Appearances | publisher = [[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|RSSSF]] | date = 29 February 2012 | access-date = 8 May 2013 | first = Roberto | last = Mamrud}}</ref> |1998||9||1 |- |2000||21||9 |- |2001||19||6 |- |2002||7||4 |- |2003||7||4 |- |2004||17||7 |- |2005||8||0 |- |2006||9||4 |- |2007||6||0 |- |2008||5||0 |- |2009||3||1 |- |2010||1||0 |- |2011||6||1 |- |2012||9||1 |- !colspan="2"|Total!!127!!38 |} :''Scores and results list Iran's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Karimi goal.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ List of international goals scored by Ali Karimi<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/karimi-intl.html | title = Ali Mohammed Karimi - International Appearances | website = RSSSF | date = 15 August 2013 | access-date = 3 August 2017 | first = Roberto | last = Mamrud}}</ref> |- !scope="col"|No. !scope="col"|Date !scope="col"|Venue !scope="col"|Opponent !scope="col"|Score !scope="col"|Result !scope="col"|Competition |- | align="center"|1 || 19 December 1998 || Rajamangala Stadium, Bangkok, Thailand ||{{fb|KUW}} || align="center"|1–0 || align="center"|2–0 || [[Football at the 1998 Asian Games – Men's tournament|1998 Asian Games]] |- | align="center"|2 || 9 April 2000 || Azadi Stadium, Tehran, Iran ||{{fb|BHR|1972}} || align="center"|2–0 || align="center"|3–0 || [[2000 AFC Asian Cup qualification]] |- | align="center"|3 || rowspan="2"|24 May 2000 || rowspan="2"|King Abdullah II Stadium, Amman, Jordan || rowspan="2"|{{fb|KAZ}} || align="center"|1–0 || rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|3–0 || rowspan="2"|[[2000 West Asian Football Federation Championship]] |- | align="center"|4 || align="center"|3–0 |- | align="center"|5 || 28 May 2000 || King Abdullah II Stadium, Amman, Jordan ||{{fb|SYR}} || align="center"|1–0 || align="center"|1–0 || 2000 West Asian Football Federation Championship |- | align="center"|6 || 31 May 2000 || King Abdullah II Stadium, Amman, Jordan ||{{fb|JOR}} || align="center"|1–0 || align="center"|1–0 || 2000 West Asian Football Federation Championship |- | align="center"|7 || rowspan="4"|24 November 2000 || rowspan="4"|Takhti Stadium, Tabriz, Iran || rowspan="4"|{{fb|GUM}} || align="center"|3–0 || rowspan="4" style="text-align:center"|19–0 || rowspan="4"|[[2002 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC first round|2002 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- | align="center"|8 || align="center"|11–0 |- | align="center"|9 || align="center"|12–0 |- | align="center"|10 || align="center"|19–0 |- | align="center"|11 || 10 August 2001 || Azadi Stadium, Tehran, Iran ||{{fb|BIH}} || align="center"|2–0 || align="center"|4–0 || [[2001 LG Cup (Iran)|2001 LG Cup Final]] |- | align="center"|12 || rowspan="3"|15 August 2001 || rowspan="3"|Tehelné pole, Bratislava, Slovakia || rowspan="3"|{{fb|SVK}} || align="center"|1–0 || rowspan="3" style="text-align:center"|4–3 || rowspan="3"|[[Friendly (association football)|Friendly]] |- | align="center"|13 || align="center"|2–0 |- | align="center"|14 || align="center"|4–3 |- | align="center"|15 || 7 September 2001 || Al-Shaab Stadium, Baghdad, Iraq ||{{fb|IRQ|1991}} || align="center"|1–1 || align="center"|2–1 || [[2002 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC second round|2002 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- | align="center"|16 || 12 October 2001 || Azadi Stadium, Tehran, Iran ||{{fb|IRQ|1991}} || align="center"|2–1 || align="center"|2–1 || 2002 FIFA World Cup qualification |- | align="center"|17 || rowspan="2"|6 February 2002 || rowspan="2"| Azadi Stadium, Tehran, Iran || rowspan="2"|{{fb|SVK}} || align="center"|1–1 || rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|2–3 || rowspan="2"|Friendly |- | align="center"|18 || align="center"|2–3 |- | align="center"|19 || 11 August 2002 || Takhti Stadium, Tabriz, Iran ||{{fb|AZE}} || align="center"|1–1 || align="center"|1–1 || Friendly |- | align="center"|20 || 3 September 2002 || Abbasiyyin Stadium, Damascus, Syria ||{{fb|LBN}} || align="center"|2–0 || align="center"|2–0 || [[2002 West Asian Football Federation Championship]] |- | align="center"|21 || rowspan="2"|12 October 2003 || rowspan="2"|Azadi Stadium, Tehran, Iran || rowspan="2"|{{fb|NZL}} || align="center"|1–0 || rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|3–0 || rowspan="2"|[[AFC/OFC Cup Challenge]] |- | align="center"|22 || align="center"|2–0 |- | align="center"|23 || rowspan="2"|27 October 2003 || rowspan="2"| Kim Il Sung Stadium, Pyongyang, North Korea || rowspan="2"|{{fb|PRK}} || align="center"|1–0 || rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|3–1 || rowspan="2"|[[2004 AFC Asian Cup qualification]] |- | align="center"|24 || align="center"|2–1 |- | align="center"|25 || 21 June 2004 || Azadi Stadium, Tehran, Iran ||{{fb|SYR}} || align="center"|6–1 || align="center"|7–1 || [[2004 West Asian Football Federation Championship]] |- | align="center"|26 || 25 June 2004 || Azadi Stadium, Tehran, Iran ||{{fb|SYR}} || align="center"|1–1 || align="center"|4–1 || 2004 West Asian Football Federation Championship |- | align="center"|27 || 24 July 2004 || Chongqing Olympic Sports Center, Chongqing, China ||{{fb|OMA}} || align="center"|1–2 || align="center"|2–2 || [[2004 AFC Asian Cup]] |- | align="center"|28 || rowspan="3"|31 July 2004 || rowspan="3"| Shandong Provincial Stadium, Shandong, China || rowspan="3"|{{fb|KOR}} || align="center"|1–0 || rowspan="3" style="text-align:center"|4–3 || rowspan="3"|2004 AFC Asian Cup |- | align="center"|29 || align="center"|2–1 |- | align="center"|30 || align="center"|4–3 |- | align="center"|31 || 6 August 2004 || Workers' Stadium, Beijing, China ||{{fb|BHR}} || align="center"|2–1 || align="center"|4–2 || 2004 AFC Asian Cup |- | align="center"|32 || 30 January 2006 || Azadi Stadium, Tehran, Iran ||{{fb|CRC}} || align="center"|1–0 || align="center"|3–2 || Friendly |- | align="center"|33 || 28 May 2006 || Gradski Vrt Stadium, Osijek, Croatia ||{{fb|CRO}} || align="center"|1–0 || align="center"|2–2 || Friendly |- | align="center"|34 || rowspan="2"|11 October 2006 || rowspan="2"|Taipei Municipal Stadium, Taipei, Chinese Taipei || rowspan="2"|{{fb|TPE}} || align="center"|1–0 || rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|2–0 || rowspan="2"|[[2007 AFC Asian Cup qualification]] |- | align="center"|35 || align="center"|2–0 |- | align="center"|36 || 10 June 2009 || Azadi Stadium, Tehran, Iran ||{{fb|UAE}} || align="center"|1–0 || align="center"|1–0 || [[2010 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC fourth round|2010 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- | align="center"|37 || 23 July 2011 || Azadi Stadium, Tehran, Iran ||{{fb|MDV}} || align="center"|3–0 || align="center"|4–0 || [[2014 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC second round|2014 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- | align="center"|38 || 23 February 2012 || Zabeel Stadium, Dubai, United Arab Emirates ||{{fb|JOR}} || align="center"|1–2 || align="center"|2–2 || Friendly |} ==Managerial statistics== {{updated|10 February 2019}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |- !rowspan=2|Team !rowspan=2|From !rowspan=2|To !colspan=8|Record |- !G!!W!!D!!L!!GF!!GA!!+/-!!Win % |- |[[Naft Tehran F.C.|Naft Tehran]] |align="left"|7 September 2017 |align="left"|2 October 2017 {{WDL|3|1|1|1|for=2|against=3|diff=yes}} |- |rowspan="2"|[[Sepidrood Rasht S.C.|Sepidrood Rasht]] |align="left"|1 January 2018 |align="left"|1 July 2018 {{WDL|13|6|3|4|for=11|against=14|diff=yes}} |- |align="left"|25 August 2018 |align="left"|''Present'' {{WDL|14|4|4|6|for=8|against=16|diff=yes}} |- !colspan=3|Total {{WDLtot|30|11|8|11|for=20|against=33|diff=yes}} |} ==Honours== '''Persepolis''' * [[Iranian Football League]]: [[1998–99 Azadegan League|1998–99]], [[1999–2000 Azadegan League|1999–2000]] * [[Hazfi Cup]]: [[1998–99 Hazfi Cup|1998–99]] * [[Asian Club Championship]]: third place [[1999–2000 Asian Club Championship|1999–2000]], third place [[2000–01 Asian Club Championship|2000–01]]<ref name="Asian Icons" dir=ltr>{{cite web |url=https://www.the-afc.com/news/afcsection/asian-icons-ali-karimi-39866|title=Asian Icons: Ali Karimi|publisher=AFC website|date=8 November 2017|access-date= |archive-date=6 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806081522/https://www.the-afc.com/news/afcsection/asian-icons-ali-karimi-39866|url-status=live }}</ref> '''Al-Ahli''' * [[UAE Emir Cup|UAE Cup]]: [[UAE Emir Cup|2001–02]], [[UAE Emir Cup|2003–04]] '''Bayern Munich''' * [[Bundesliga]]: [[2005–06 Bundesliga|2005–06]] * [[DFB-Pokal]]: [[2005–06 DFB-Pokal|2005–06]] '''Schalke 04''' *[[DFB-Pokal]]: [[2010–11 DFB-Pokal|2010–11]] '''Tractor Sazi''' *[[Hazfi Cup]]: [[2013–14 Hazfi Cup|2013–14]] '''Iran''' * [[Football at the Asian Games|Asian Games Gold Medal]]: [[Football at the 1998 Asian Games|1998]] * [[West Asian Football Federation Championship]]: 2000, 2004 * [[AFC/OFC Cup Challenge]]: 2003 * [[Asian Cup]]: third place [[2004 AFC Asian Cup|2004]] '''Individual''' * [[Asian Footballer of the Year]]: 2004; runner-up: 2012 * [[West Asian Football Federation Championship]] [[Most valuable player|MVP]]: 2000 * [[UAE Pro League]] best foreign player: 2002–03 * UAE Pro League best player: 2003–04 * UAE Pro League top scorer: [[2003–04 UAE Football League|2003–04]] * Best foreign player in [[UAE Pro League|UAE Pro League's]] history (based on a poll run by Al Bayan newspaper in 2020)<ref name="Albayan" dir=ltr>{{cite web |url=https://www.tasnimnews.com/en/news/2020/06/21/2290565/ali-karimi-chosen-as-best-foreign-player-of-uae-league/amp|title=Ali Karimi Chosen as Best Foreign Player of UAE League |publisher=Tasnim News Agency|date=21 June 2020|access-date= |archive-date=5 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705121211/https://www.tasnimnews.com/en/news/2020/06/21/2290565/ali-karimi-chosen-as-best-foreign-player-of-uae-league/amp|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Asian Cup]] top scorer: [[2004 AFC Asian Cup|2004]] * Asian Cup All-Star Team: [[2004 AFC Asian Cup|2004]] * [[AFC/OFC Cup Challenge]] [[Most valuable player|MVP]]: 2003<ref name="AFC 60th" dir=ltr>{{cite web |url=https://www.the-afc.com/en/more/news/afc_60th_anniversary_ali_karimi_a_true_asian_icon.html|title=AFC 60th Anniversary: Ali Karimi, a true Asian Icon|publisher=the-afc.com|date=23 November 2014|access-date= |archive-date=22 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122204843/https://www.the-afc.com/en/more/news/afc_60th_anniversary_ali_karimi_a_true_asian_icon.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]] Asian Player of the Month: 2000 (June), 2001 (October), 2003 (October) * [[Persian Gulf Pro League|iran Pro League]] top scoring midfielder: [[2009–10 Persian Gulf Cup|2009–10]] (14 goals), [[2011–12 Persian Gulf Cup|2011–12]] (12 goals) * Top scoring midfielder of [[Persepolis F.C.]] in [[AFC Champions League]] (ten goals) * One of the top 2 players of Iran's football history chosen by [[FIFA]] (Iran national football team's introduction Video for 2018 FIFA World Cup)<ref name="Fifa TV" dir=ltr>{{cite news |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h2JZ1h6_mrU |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/h2JZ1h6_mrU| archive-date=12 December 2021 |url-status=live|title=IR IRAN Team Profile – 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia™ |date=4 June 2018 |work=FIFATV (Youtube) }}{{cbignore}}</ref> * [[AFC Asian Cup records and statistics#Fans' All-time Best XI|AFC Asian Cup Fans' All-time Best XI]]: 2018<ref name="AFC Best XI" dir=ltr>{{cite web |url=https://www.the-afc.com/features/the-fans-afc-asian-cup-xi-announced|title=Fans' Best XI Announced!|publisher=The-AFC.com|date=16 November 2018|access-date= |archive-date=8 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508184149/https://www.the-afc.com/features/the-fans-afc-asian-cup-xi-announced|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Marca (newspaper)|Marca]] Fans' Top Iranian footballer of all time: 2019<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/2019/04/24/5cc0258d22601d70698b4597.html|title=Who is the best player from each country? There can only be one|date=24 April 2019 |publisher=ISP |access-date=30 December 2019}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} {{Iran Squad 2006 World Cup}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Karimi, Ali}} [[Category:1978 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Iranian footballers]] {{Sports-bio-stub}} rxofmpzdaxz27150ystuz04o05t7rlc 0 133749 10367892 8917411 2025-07-02T16:33:56Z 172.58.241.150 10367892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Smells Like Teen Spirit | cover = | alt = | type = single | artist = [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]] | album = [[Nevermind]] | B-side = * "[[Drain You]]" * "Even in His Youth" * "[[Aneurysm (song)|Aneurysm]]" | released = {{Start date|1991|09|10}} | format = | recorded = May 1991 | studio = [[Sound City Studios|Sound City]], [[Van Nuys|Van Nuys, California]] | venue = | genre = * [[Grunge]] * [[alternative rock]] * {{nowrap|[[hard rock]]}} | length = * {{Duration|m=5|s=01}} (album version) * {{Duration|m=4|s=36}} ([[radio edit|single version]]) | label = [[DGC Records|DGC]] | writer = * [[Kurt Cobain]] * [[Krist Novoselic]] * [[Dave Grohl]] | producer = [[Butch Vig]] | prev_title = [[Here She Comes Now / Venus in Furs]] | prev_year = 1991 | next_title = [[On a Plain]] | next_year = 1991 | misc = {{external music video|type=single|{{YouTube|hTWKbfoikeg|"Smells Like Teen Spirit"}}}} }} "'''Smells Like Teen Spirit'''" is a song by the [[United States|American]] [[grunge]] band, [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]], from their second album ''[[Nevermind]]''. It is their most famous song, and one of the most famous songs ever. Many people thought the song represented the ideas of the people in [[Generation X]], and many called it "a Gen X anthem" == Writing the song == The song was written by all three members of Nirvana. It was written to sound like a song that the [[Pixies]] (a band that Kurt Cobain enjoyed) would have wrote. It was originally a much faster song than the final version was. The title "Smells Like Teen Spirit" came from when Cobain's friend Kathleen Hanna [[spray paint]]ed "Kurt Smells Like Teen Spirit" on his wall. "Teen Spirit" was the name of the [[deodorant]] that Cobain's girlfriend Tobi Vail wore, but Kurt thought it was a symbol for a "revolutionary" song or a "[[punk rock]] anthem." == People's opinions of the song == Smells Like Teen Spirit was released in 1991. It was the first single from ''Nevermind''. Nirvana expected the song to not become very famous. They expected the next single, "[[Come as You Are (Nirvana song)|Come as You Are]]", to be their big hit. However, radio stations in [[Seattle]] played Smells Like Teen Spirit, and it became a hit. Come as You Are was not as popular. Many people who listened to the song were not able to understand what Kurt Cobain was singing. This was because he mumbled throughout the song, and the lyrics did not make sense to them. Because of this, [["Weird Al" Yankovic]] made a parody of the song called "[[Smells Like Nirvana]]". {{Nirvana}} [[Category:1991 songs]] [[Category:Nirvana (band) songs]] [[Category:Patti Smith songs]] [[Category:Tori Amos songs]] [[Category:Alternative rock songs]] [[Category:Hard rock songs]] bi4tscg2s28jbx1nba8iigq8v4uox94 10367893 10367892 2025-07-02T16:34:19Z BigKrow 1386969 Reverted to revision 8669624 by Citation bot. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Smells Like Teen Spirit | cover = | alt = | type = single | artist = [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]] | album = [[Nevermind]] | B-side = * "[[Drain You]]" * "Even in His Youth" * "[[Aneurysm (song)|Aneurysm]]" | released = {{Start date|1991|09|10}} | format = | recorded = May 1991 | studio = [[Sound City Studios|Sound City]], [[Van Nuys|Van Nuys, California]] | venue = | genre = * [[Grunge]] * [[alternative rock]] * {{nowrap|[[hard rock]]}} | length = * {{Duration|m=5|s=01}} (album version) * {{Duration|m=4|s=36}} ([[radio edit|single version]]) | label = [[DGC Records|DGC]] | writer = * [[Kurt Cobain]] * [[Krist Novoselic]] * [[Dave Grohl]] | producer = [[Butch Vig]] | prev_title = [[Here She Comes Now / Venus in Furs]] | prev_year = 1991 | next_title = [[On a Plain]] | next_year = 1991 | misc = {{external music video|type=single|{{YouTube|hTWKbfoikeg|"Smells Like Teen Spirit"}}}} }} "'''Smells Like Teen Spirit'''" is a song by the [[United States|American]] [[grunge]] band, [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]], from their second album ''[[Nevermind]]''. It is their most famous song, and one of the most famous songs ever. Many people thought the song represented the ideas of the people in [[Generation X]] (people born in the United States between 1965 and 1980.) == Writing the song == The song was written by all three members of Nirvana. It was written to sound like a song that the [[Pixies]] (a band that Kurt Cobain enjoyed) wrote. It was originally a much faster song than the final version was. The title "Smells Like Teen Spirit" came from when Cobain's friend Kathleen Hanna [[spray paint]]ed "Kurt Smells Like Teen Spirit" on his wall. "Teen Spirit" was the name of the [[deodorant]] that Cobain's girlfriend Tobi Vail wore. But Cobain thought it was a symbol for a "revolutionary" song or a "[[punk rock]] anthem." == People's opinions of the song == Smells Like Teen Spirit was released in 1991. It was the first single from ''Nevermind''. Nirvana expected the song to not become very famous. They expected the next single, "[[Come as You Are (Nirvana song)|Come as You Are]]", to be their big hit. However, radio stations in [[Seattle]] played Smells Like Teen Spirit, and it became a hit. Come as You Are was not as popular. Many people who listened to the song were not able to understand what Kurt Cobain was singing. This was because he mumbled throughout the song, and the lyrics did not make sense to them. Because of this, [["Weird Al" Yankovic]] made a parody of the song called "[[Smells Like Nirvana]]". {{Nirvana}} [[Category:1991 songs]] [[Category:Nirvana (band) songs]] ka3s544wpnyhtc06t7kmt9i61pqs5d5 0 134849 10367754 10119744 2025-07-02T14:48:42Z Remaker 724354 Clarified pronunciation, removed superfluous American reference 10367754 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:ASCII full.svg|frame|The 95 graphic ASCII characters, numbered 32 to 126 ([[decimal]]).]] '''ASCII''' (pronounced "'''az'''-kee", "'''ask'''-key"), is a table of [[Character (computing)|characters]] for [[Computer|computers]]. ==Overview== ASCII is [[binary]] [[code]] used by electronic equipment to handle text using the English alphabet, numbers, and other common [[Symbol|symbols]]. ASCII is an [[abbreviation]] for ''American Standard Code for Information Interchange''.<ref>{{cite web|title=ASCII Character Set|url=http://www.robelle.com/smugbook/ascii.html|publisher=Robelle|access-date=5 April 2013}}</ref> ASCII was developed in the 1960s and was based on earlier codes used by [[telegraph]] systems. ==Definitions== The code includes definitions for 128 characters, which are assigned numbers from 0 to 127. Numbers 32 to 126 stand for letters, numbers and symbols such as abc, ABC, 123, and ?&!. Numbers 0 to 31 and the number 127 stand for characters that control how text is processed and are not printed. ==Characters== ASCII uses 7 binary digits (bits) to represent characters. The bits 1000001 (65 in normal base-10 numbers) represent the upper-case letter A, 1000010 represents B, 1000011 represents C, and so on. Using the table below, you can look up a number in the Decimal column and see the character it represents in the Char column. [[Programmer|Programmers]] often use [[hexadecimal]] (base-16 numbers), and you can look that up in the Hex column. ==Files== An ASCII [[computer file]] uses one byte for each character. A [[byte]] has 8 bits, so can hold an ASCII character with one bit spare. In the past, the spare bit was sometimes used as a ''[[parity]] bit'' to help check if the data had been corrupted. ASCII has no formatting control (for '''bold''' or ''Italics'', etc.) <ref>{{cite web|title=ASCII table & description|url=http://www.asciitable.com/|access-date=5 April 2013|publisher=ASCIITable}}</ref> Sometimes someone talks about a file or document in ASCII, meaning it is in [[Text file|plain text]]. ==Applications== Standard ASCII is still commonly used, particularly in computer [[software]] and [[HTML]] files. Until 2010, it was the standard for [[Uniform Resource Locator|URLs]]. Often a web site that has fields for entering text will only take ASCII text. Any special markups for bold or centered text, etc. will show up incorrectly. [[File:ASCII-Table-wide.svg|ASCII-Table-wide]] ==Extended ASCII== ASCII does not have [[diacritic]]s (marks that are added to a letter, like the dots ([[umlaut]]s) above vowels in German, or the tilde (~) above the 'n' for the 'ñ' used in Spanish). It was only meant for English and doesn't work well for most other languages. Some English words borrowed from other languages use these marks as well, like ''resumé'' (see [[wiktionary:Appendix:English words with diacritics|Appendix:English words with diacritics]]). This led to some systems using 8 bit (a full [[byte]]) instead of 7 bits. The proper name for systems that use 8 bits is called ''extended ASCII''. Eight bits allows for 256 characters. The first 128 characters must be the same as for ASCII and the rest are usually used for alphabetic letters with accents, for example like É, È, Î and Ü. This solves the problem for a few languages that are based on the [[Latin alphabet]], although not all extended ASCII systems are the same. Other alphabets, like the [[Greek alphabet]], [[Cyrillic alphabet]] need a different set of characters. And some systems like those using [[Chinese character]]s still do not work, as they use thousands of characters. So [[Unicode]] was created to have one common system for all languages. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [http://www.network-science.de/ascii/ Make ASCII art] Convert a graphic into ASCII * [http://www.computer-masters.net/ascii-table-complete.php ASCII Table with explanations] [[Category:Data input]] [[Category:Encodings]] lii2gh4uktyn2ubeswsqmb7oiahkk91 11 135427 10368975 10367269 2025-07-03T05:04:36Z Raayaan9911 1495229 /* Toni Morrison */ Reply 10368975 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bots|optout=SIGN}} This page is for nominations to appear in the "Did you know" section on the [[Main Page]]. To discuss Did You Know please use [[Wikipedia talk:Did you know]]. <center><big>'''[[Template talk:Did you know#Nominations|SKIP TO NOMINATIONS]]'''</big></center> {{DYKbox}} {{tocright}} == Instructions == '''Did you know?''' (DYK) entries are interesting facts that many people may not know. On this page possible entries are listed and members of the DYK project assess the nominations for the DYK section. DYKs are listed on the [[Main Page]]. === How to enter a DYK === List articles on this page under the '''Nominations''' area, below. The newest nominations go at the top. If you would like to make a nomination, you should read the rules below. If there is a picture that you would like to see used with your nomination, please add it with your nomination as shown below. Any user may nominate a DYK suggestion. {{Wikipedia:Did you know}} == Chart == Please use one of the following templates when reviewing nominations. {| class="wikitable" width=100% ! width=10% | Symbol !! width=10% | Code !! width=10% | Ready for DYK? !! width=50% | Description |- align="center" |- align="center" | [[File:Symbol confirmed.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKyes}}</nowiki> || Yes || align="left" | No problems, ready for DYK |- align="center" | [[File:Pictogram voting keep.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKagf}}</nowiki> || Yes, [[Wikipedia:Assume good faith|WP:AGF]] || align="left" | Hook cited to a source not on the Internet, but to a reliable publication. |- align="center" | [[File:Pictogram reply.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKfixed}}</nowiki> || Yes, issue fixed. || align="left" | The issue preventing DYK, or the request for improvement has now been fixed. |- align="center" | [[File:Symbol possible vote.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKalmost}}</nowiki> || Almost || align="left" | Article is on the way to being ready for DYK, but the reviewer has questions. |- align="center" | [[File:Symbol delete vote.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKno}}</nowiki> || No || align="left" | Article is unable to be used on DYK, the time limit has passed, or there are larger reservations. |} {{DYK-Refresh}} <!--<center><big>'''{{#ifeq:{{Did you know/Queue/EmpQ}}||ALL QUEUES ARE FULL AT THE MOMENT.|THE NEXT EMPTY QUEUE IS [[Template:Did you know/Queue/{{Did you know/Queue/EmpQ}}]] AND}} THE NEXT UPDATE WILL BE FROM [[Template:Did you know/Queue/{{Did you know/Queue/NexQ}}]]'''</big></center>--> == Nominations == Please add new nominations below ''with newer nominations at the top''. Nominations should be headed with a <nowiki>===Level Three===</nowiki> header containing a link to the article that the hook is from. If possible, all hooks should contain a relevant file from Wikimedia Commons – this can be a picture or a sound. The subject article should be '''<nowiki>'''bolded'''</nowiki>'''. <!--- please uncomment the template below if there are no nominations in the section; add newer nominations at the top, but below the template --> === Al Hilal SFC === * ... that '''[[Al Hilal SFC|Al Hilal]]''' was the only Asian football club to reach the knockout tournament in [[2025 FIFA Club World Cup]]? [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 08:00, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ===Gina Ortiz Jones=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Gina Ortiz Jones]]''' became the first [[Asian-American]] female mayor of a major city in [[Texas]] and the first openly [[gay]] mayor of [[San Antonio]]? --[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 17:37, 28 June 2025 (UTC) ===Violeta Chamorro=== [[File:Violeta Chamorro 1993.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1990, when '''[[Violeta Chamorro]]''' ''(pictured)'' was elected [[President of Nicaragua]], she became the first elected woman president in the [[Americas]]? --[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 22:19, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ===Sir Billy Boston=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Billy Boston|Sir Billy Boston]]''' became the first [[Rugby League|rugby league footballer]] to be [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]]? --[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 22:19, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ===Toni Morrison=== [[File:Toni Morrison.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1993, '''[[Toni Morrison]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[African American]] woman to win the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]? --[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 22:19, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :{{DYKyes}} [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 05:04, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ==Holding area== Hooks that are ready to be moved to a queue for update may be held in this area until a space in a queue becomes available. To be eligible to move into this area, a hook must meet all of the promotion guidelines as outlined above. Hooks in this area do not count towards a user's nomination limit. If you change or re-review a hook in this area, it must be moved back to the main nominations section for discussion to continue. The only changes permitted here are formatting or spelling changes, or adding an associated file. <!-- Add nominations below this comment --> ===Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran=== * ... that the '''[[Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran]]''' was founded in 324, making it the oldest public church in [[Rome]] and the oldest [[basilica]] in the [[Western world]]? ===Greg Abbott=== * ... that in 2015, '''[[Greg Abbott]]''' became the first [[Governor of Texas|Texas governor]] and third governor of a [[U.S. state]] to use a [[wheelchair]]? ===Amazon River=== [[File:Amazon 57.53278W 2.71207S.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that there are no [[Bridge|bridges]] that cross the '''[[Amazon River]]''' ''(pictured)'' because of the [[Amazon rainforest]]? === iOS 26 === * ... that 13 years after the [[iOS 7]] was [[Design|redesigned]] with a "flat style", the '''[[iOS 26]]''' was redesigned with a [[Liquid Glass]] design? ===Ron DeSantis=== [[File:Governor Ron DeSantis at the CNN Republican Presidential Debate (53460294753) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2019, at the age of 40, '''[[Ron DeSantis]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the youngest [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[Governor of Florida|governor]] in [[Florida|Florida's history]]? ===Egypt=== * ... that '''[[Egypt]]''' has the most powerful [[Egyptian Armed Forces|military force]] in the [[Arab world]] and [[Africa]] since 2025? === Colour of the day (police) === *... that in [[New York City]], [[police|undercover police]] wear different '''[[Color of the day (police)|colored items of clothing]]''' to quickly recognize each other? ===Kathy Hochul=== [[File:Kathy Hochul March 2024 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2021, '''[[Kathy Hochul]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first female [[Governor of New York]] and the first from [[Upstate New York]]? ===Mikie Sherrill=== * ... that before she became the first [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] to [[United States House of Representatives|represent]] [[New Jersey's 11th congressional district]] in over 30 years, '''[[Mikie Sherrill]]''' was a [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] [[helicopter]] pilot? ===Abigail Spanberger=== * ... that before becoming the first woman to represent [[Virginia's 7th congressional district]] in the [[U.S. House of Representatives|U.S. House]], '''[[Abigail Spanberger]]''' was a [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA operations officer]]? ===Gavin Newsom=== [[File:Newsom April 2024 (3x4 cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2022, [[Governor of California|Governor]] '''[[Gavin Newsom]]''' ''(pictured)'' made [[California]] the first [[sanctuary city|sanctuary state]] for [[transgender|transgender youth]]? ===Cambodian genocide=== * ... that the '''[[Cambodian genocide]]''' happened because [[dictator]] [[Pol Pot]] and the [[Khmer Rouge]] wanted to roll back [[Cambodia]] to "Year Zero" when every Cambodian was a [[Rural area|rural]] [[farmer]]? ===Joan Didion=== [[File:Didion1970 (cropped).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that '''[[Joan Didion]]''' ''(pictured)'' wrote her first novel, which was about a woman dying in the [[Sahara Desert]], when she was five years old? ===South Korea=== * ... that 70% of '''[[South Korea]]''' is covered by hills and mountains? ===Louise Glück=== [[File:Louise Glück circa 1977.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that in 2020, '''[[Louise Glück]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Americans|American]] woman to win the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] since 1993 and the first American poet to win since 1948? ===Boston=== * ... that from 1659 to 1681, it was [[banned]] in '''[[Boston]]''' to celebrate [[Christmas]] because the [[Pilgrims]] saw it as a "[[corruption|corrupt]] holiday"? ===Audrey Hepburn=== [[File:Audrey Hepburn 1956om (cropped).jpg|100px|right]] *...that '''[[Audrey Hepburn]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first person to be an [[List of EGOT winners|EGOT winner]] [[posthumously]]? ===Beagle=== * ... that a 2019 research found that '''[[Beagle|beagles]]''' could detect [[lung cancer]] with 97% accuracy? ===Lilo & Stitch=== * ... that the 2002 movie '''''[[Lilo & Stitch]]''''' was the first time that [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]] hand-drew its characters and used of [[watercolour|watercolors]] for its background since the 1940s? ===Susan Brownmiller=== * ... that the works of [[Americans|American]] [[feminist]] author '''[[Susan Brownmiller]]''' is said to have helped create laws that made it easier to criminally charge [[rape|rapists]]? ===Mike Schaefer=== * ... that when he was elected to the [[California State Board of Equalization|State Board of Equalization]] in 2018 at the age of 80, '''[[Mike Schaefer]]''' became the oldest [[California|Californian]] to serve in a state constitutional office? === Pig === [[File:Sus scrofa scrofa.jpg|right|100px]] *...that '''[[pig]]s''' ''(pictured)'' can be taught to play [[video game]]s? ===Catholic Church=== * ... that the '''[[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic Church]]''' has the oldest continuously used legal system in the world? ===Chuck Grassley=== [[File:Chuck Grassley official photo 2017.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that with over 40 years in the [[U.S. Senate]], '''[[Chuck Grassley]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the longest serving [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] senator in [[History of the United States|U.S. history]]? ===Lee Zeldin=== * ... that in 2022, while running for [[Governor of New York|New York Governor]], then-[[U.S. Representative]] '''[[Lee Zeldin]]''' was attacked by a [[drunk]] man who later said he did not know who Zeldin was? ===Sara Duterte=== [[File:2024-04-10 – PBBM to highlight economic cooperation, defense and maritime cooperation in historic trilateral meeting with US, Japan (03) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Sara Duterte]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Vice President of the Philippines]] to be [[impeachment|impeached]]? ===Cori Bush=== * ... that in 2021, [[nurse|registered nurse]] '''[[Cori Bush]]''' became the first [[African American]] woman to represent [[Missouri]] in the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Sussan Ley=== [[File:SL - 2012 Profile.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Sussan Ley]]''' ''(pictured)'' became [[Australia|Australia's]] first female [[Leader of the Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal Party Leader]] and [[Leader of the Opposition (Australia)|Opposition Leader]]? ===Pope Leo XIV=== * ... that '''[[Pope Leo XIV]]''' picked his papal name because of [[Pope Leo XIII]] and the "cultural shifts" the [[Roman Catholic church]] might see through [[artificial intelligence]] and [[robotics]]? ===Wesley Bell=== [[File:Rep. Wesley Bell Official Portrait.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2019, future-[[Missouri]] [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Wesley Bell]]''' ''(pictured)'' became [[St. Louis County, Missouri|St. Louis County's]] first [[African Americans|Black]] [[attorney|prosecuting attorney]]? ===Peter Dutton=== * ... that in [[2025 Australian federal election|2025]], '''[[Peter Dutton]]''' became the first [[List of Australian Leaders of the Opposition|Australian opposition leader]] to lose their [[Australian House of Representatives|parliamentary seat]] at an election? ===JB Pritzker=== [[File:JB Pritzker 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... when he was [[2022 Illinois gubernatorial election|re-elected in 2022]], [[Governor of Illinois|Illinois Governor]] '''[[JB Pritzker]]''' ''(pictured)'' had the highest vote share for any [[United States|U.S.]] [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] governor in more than 60 years? ===Toni Breidinger=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Toni Breidinger]]''' became the first [[NASCAR]] driver to model for [[Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue|''Sports Illustrated''<nowiki/>'s Swimsuit Issue]]? ===Rashida Tlaib=== [[File:Tlaib Rashida 119th Congress.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2018, '''[[Rashida Tlaib]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Muslim]] woman and the first [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]]-[[Americans|American]] woman elected to the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Anthony Albanese=== * ... that in [[2025 Australian federal election|2025]], '''[[Anthony Albanese]]''' became the first [[Prime Minister of Australia|Australian prime minister]] to win re-election since [[John Howard]] in [[2004 Australian federal election|2004]]? ===Friedrich Merz=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Friedrich Merz]]''' became the first post-war [[Chancellor of Germany|German chancellor]] not to receive the needed [[German Bundestag|confirmation votes]] in the first round of voting? ===Nicușor Dan=== [[File:Nicușor Dan 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2020, two-time [[International Mathematical Olympiad]] champion '''[[Nicușor Dan]]''' ''(pictured)'' was elected as [[Bucharest|Bucharest's]] first [[Independent politician|independent]] mayor? ===1755 Cape Ann earthquake=== * ... that the '''[[1755 Cape Ann earthquake]]''' in [[Massachusetts]] could be felt as far north as [[Nova Scotia]] in [[Canada]] and as far south as [[South Carolina]]? ===Richard Pryor=== [[File:Richard Pryor 1973 (cropped).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that in 1980, comedian '''[[Richard Pryor]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first black actor to earn a million dollars for a single movie when he starred in ''[[Stir Crazy (movie)|Stir Crazy]]''? ===Mike Waltz=== * ... that '''[[Mike Waltz]]''' was the first [[Americans|American]] [[United States Congress|congress member]] to call for a full [[United States|U.S.]] [[boycott]] of the [[2022 Winter Olympics]] in [[Beijing]] for the [[China|country's]] [[persecution of Uyghurs in China|persecution of Uyghurs]]? ===Dick Durbin=== [[File:Dick Durbin 2022 official portrait (cropped) 2.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Illinois]] [[U.S. Senator]] '''[[Dick Durbin]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the longest-serving [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate party whip]] in [[History of the United States|U.S. history]]? ===Ali France=== * ... that [[2025 Australian federal election|in 2025]], '''[[Ali France]]''' became the first person in [[History of Australia|Australian history]] to defeat an [[Leader of the Opposition (Australia)|opposition leader]] in a [[Australian House of Representatives|parliamentary election]]? === Hydrogen === [[File:Shuttle Main Engine Test Firing cropped edited and reduced.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[hydrogen]]''' fires ''(pictured)'', while being extremely hot, are almost invisible to [[human]]s, leading to accidental burns? === Water === * ... that 12 billion [[light year]]s away around a [[quasar]] there is a giant cloud of '''[[water]]''' with 140 trillion times more water than all the water on [[Earth]]? ===Michael Bloomberg=== [[File:Michael Bloomberg 2022 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2020, former [[Mayor of New York City|New York City Mayor]] '''[[Michael Bloomberg]]''' ''(pictured)'' spent the most money spent on a presidential primary campaign in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===Tammy Duckworth=== [[File:Tammy Duckworth, official portrait, 115th Congress (cropped)2.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2004, future [[Illinois]] [[U.S. Senator]] '''[[Tammy Duckworth]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Americans|American]] female [[Amputation|double amputee]] from the [[Iraq War]]? === False memory === *...that [[experiment]]s have shown that people can be made to '''[[False memory|remember events that did not take place]]'''? ===Robert F. Kennedy Jr.=== * ... that in 2013, future [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services|U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services]] '''[[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]]''' helped the [[Chipewyan|Chipewyan First Nation]] to protect their land from [[tar sands]] production? ===Catholic Church sexual abuse cases=== * ... that a study found that 81% of the victims of the '''[[Catholic Church sexual abuse cases]]''' between 1950 and the early 2000s were male? === False memory === *...that [[experiment]]s have shown that people can be made to '''[[False memory|remember events that did not take place]]'''? ===Juliana Stratton=== [[File:National Lieutenant Governor's Association (52766342026) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2020, [[Lieutenant Governor of Illinois|Illinois Lieutenant Governor]] '''[[Juliana Stratton]]''' ''(pictured)'' was one of the first customers to buy [[recreation|recreational]] [[cannabis (drug)|cannabis]] in the [[Illinois|state]]? ===Tony Evers=== * ... that in 2023, [[Governor of Wisconsin|Wisconsin Governor]] '''[[Tony Evers]]''' made a [[veto|line-item veto]] to the [[Wisconsin|state]] budget that increased school funding of $325 until the year 2425? ===Sean Baker=== [[File:Sean Baker at the 2024 New York Film Festival (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, filmmaker '''[[Sean Baker]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first person to win four [[Academy Awards]] for the [[Anora (movie)|same movie]]? ===Philippe of Belgium=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Philippe of Belgium]]''' publicly criticized [[Pope Francis]] during a welcome address of him over the [[Catholic Church sexual abuse cases|sexual abuses]] done by the [[Roman Catholic Church]] in [[Belgium]]? ===Conclave (movie)=== * ... that viewership for the 2024 movie '''''[[Conclave (movie)|Conclave]]''''' went up 283% on [[streaming media|streaming platforms]] following [[Death and funeral of Pope Francis|the death]] of [[Pope Francis]] in April 2025? ===Karoline Leavitt=== [[File:Karoline Leavitt by Gage Skidmore 2 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at the age of 27, '''[[Karoline Leavitt]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the youngest [[White House Press Secretary]] in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===John Ratcliffe=== * ... that in 2019, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found out that then-[[Director of National Intelligence|National Intelligence Director]] nominee '''[[John Ratcliffe]]''' lied about arresting "300 [[Illegal immigration|illegal immigrants]] in a single day"? ===Salem Witch Trials=== *...that some of the '''[[Salem Witch Trials]]''' only lasted 15 minutes, and resulted in people being found guilty and [[death penalty|executed]]? ===Susie Wiles=== [[File:Susie Wiles 2025 (edited crop).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Susie Wiles]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first ever female [[White House Chief of Staff]] in [[American history]]? ===Paper Mario: Color Splash=== * ... that [[Nintendo of America]] accidentally made '''''[[Paper Mario: Color Splash]]''''' available to play two weeks early? ===Austria=== * ... that the first [[postcard]]s were issued in '''[[Austria]]''' in 1869? ===Cory Booker=== [[File:Cory Booker, official portrait (119th Congress).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, at 25 hours and five minutes long, '''[[Cory Booker]]''' ''(pictured)'' made the longest speech in the history of the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]]? ===Super Mario Bros. theme=== * ... that in 2023, the '''[[Super Mario Bros. theme|''Super Mario Bros.'' theme]]''' became the first [[video game music]] track to be preserved by the U.S. [[Library of Congress]]? ===Doug Collins (politician)=== [[File:Official portrait of Douglas Collins, U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs.jpeg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs|U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs]] '''[[Doug Collins (politician)|Doug Collins]]''' ''(pictured)'' was a [[United States Navy|navy]] [[chaplain]] before entering politics? ===Air Force One (movie)=== * ... that in 2016, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' named [[Harrison Ford|Harrison Ford's]] character in the 1997 movie '''''[[Air Force One (movie)|Air Force One]]''''' the "greatest fictional [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] of all time"? ===Elise Stefanik=== [[File:Elise Stefanik, 115th official photo.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2014 at the age of 30, '''[[Elise Stefanik]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the youngest woman and youngest [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] ever elected to the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Malta=== * ... that at 316 [[Square kilometre|sq km]], '''[[Malta]]''' is the smallest country in the [[European Union]]? ===Patty Murray=== [[File:Patty Murray, official portrait, 113th Congress.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2023, [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] '''[[Patty Murray]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first female [[President pro tempore of the United States Senate]]? ===Mike Johnson=== * ... that [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker]] '''[[Mike Johnson]]''' has less experience in the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] than any other speaker since 1883? ===Fernanda Torres=== [[File:ImStillHereBFILFF131024 (4 of 36) (54065967346) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Fernanda Torres]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Brazilian people|Brazilian]], [[Latin America|Latin American]], and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese-speaking]] actor to win the [[Golden Globe Award|Golden Globe for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama]]? ===Greece=== * ... that almost 80% of '''[[Greece]]''' is made up by [[mountain|mountainous terrain]]? ===Linda McMahon=== [[File:Linda McMahon 2025 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Linda McMahon]]''' ''(pictured)'' changed [[WWE|WWE's]] [[TV Parental Guidelines|television rating]] from TV-14 to PG to attract a young generation of [[wrestling]] fans? ===Lori Chavez-DeRemer=== * ... that '''[[Lori Chavez-DeRemer]]''' lost to [[Janelle Bynum]] three times when she ran for the [[Oregon House of Representatives|Oregon State House]] and the [[U.S. House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representative]] in different elections? ===Mia Love=== [[File:Mia Love Congressional Photo.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2015, '''[[Mia Love]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[African American|Black]] [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] woman elected to the [[United States Congress]]? ===Liechtenstein=== * ... that in 1969, [[NASA]] gave '''[[Liechtenstein]]''' [[moon|moon rocks]] and a [[Flag of Liechtenstein|national flag]] that had been on the moon to thank them for their support from a local company during the [[Apollo 11]] mission? ===9 Songs=== * ... that the 2004 British romantic drama movie '''''[[9 Songs]]''''' included scenes of its two main actors actually having [[sexual intercourse]] and performing [[oral sex]] as well as a scene of [[ejaculation]]? ===Mark Carney=== [[File:Prime Minister Boris Johnson meets with Mark Carney No.10 Downing Street (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Mark Carney]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first person to become [[Prime Minister of Canada]] without holding elected public office before? ===SpongeBob SquarePants=== * ... that in 2025, '''''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]''''' became the longest-running [[United States|American]] [[children's animation|children's animated]] series? ===Muhsin Hendricks=== * ... that '''[[Muhsin Hendricks]]''' was called the world's first [[openly gay]] [[imam]]? ===Brooke Rollins=== [[File:Brooke Rollins 2025 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States Secretary of Agriculture|U.S. Secretary of Agriculture]] '''[[Brooke Rollins]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first female student body president at her ''[[alma mater]]'' [[Texas A&M University]]? ===Hurricane (dog)=== * ... that '''[[Hurricane (dog)|Hurricane]]''', a [[United States Secret Service|U.S. Secret Service]]-trained [[dog]] who protected President [[Barack Obama]] in 2014, was thought to be the most [[decoration|decorated]] dog in [[American history]]? ===Kash Patel=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Kash Patel]]''' became the youngest person and the first [[Asian Americans|Asian-American]] to become [[Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation]]? ===Emperor Penguins=== [[File:Aptenodytes forsteri MHNT.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Emperor penguin|emperor penguins]] ''' ''(egg pictured)'' are the only [[bird|birds]] in the world that can lay their [[egg|eggs]] on [[ice]]? ===Stockholm=== * ... that '''[[Stockholm]]''' is built on fourteen islands and is connected by fifty-seven bridges? ===Scott Turner (politician)=== * ... that [[United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development|U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development]] '''[[Scott Turner (politician)|Scott Turner]]''' once played for the [[National Football League|NFL]] and was a [[United States Congress|congressional]] [[intern]] afterwards? ===Mikey Madison=== [[File:Mikey Madison at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Mikey Madison]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Gen Z]] actress to win an [[Academy Award]]? ===R. Budd Dwyer=== * ... that in 1987, [[Pennsylvania]] [[lawmaker]] '''[[R. Budd Dwyer]]''' publicly [[suicide|committed suicide]] during a live press conference, which was [[broadcasting|broadcasted]] throughout the state? ===Sean Duffy=== * ... that before entering politics, [[United States Secretary of Transportation|U.S. Secretary of Transportation]] '''[[Sean Duffy]]''' was a cast member of the [[MTV]] [[reality television]] series ''[[The Real World|The Real World: Boston]]''? === Miss Meyers === * ... that racehorse '''[[Miss Meyers]]''' only started racing well after she turned four years old, then won what would be $156,000 today in the same year? ===Drug cartel=== * ... that a 2025 report by the [[United States Department of Justice|U.S. Department of Justice]] found that 74% of [[firearms]] used by the '''[[Drug cartel|Mexican drug cartels]]''' came from the [[United States]]? ===Frankétienne=== [[File:Jean Laposte 2 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1975, '''[[Frankétienne]]''' ''(pictured)'' wrote the first novel entirely written in [[Haitian Creole]]? ===Doughtnuts=== *...that [[Canada]] has the most '''[[doughnut]]''' shops per person? ===European Union=== * ... that the '''[[European Union]]''' is the world's largest single-market and would be the third largest country in the world if it were independent? ===Howard Lutnick=== [[File:Howard Lutnick (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States Secretary of Commerce|U.S. Secretary of Commerce]] '''[[Howard Lutnick]]''' ''(pictured)'' survived the [[Collapse of the World Trade Center|collapse]] of the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] during the [[September 11 attacks]]? ===Thutmose II=== * ... that in 2022, the discovery of the [[tomb]] of '''[[Thutmose II]]''' became the first royal tomb to be discovered since [[King Tutankhamun|King Tutankhamun's]] in 1922? ===Souleymane Cissé=== * ... that '''[[Souleymane Cissé]]''' is the first director from [[sub-Saharan Africa]] to receive an award at the [[Cannes Film Festival]]? ===Alice Weidel=== [[File:2019-09-01 Wahlabend Sachsen by Sandro Halank–039.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Alice Weidel]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[lesbian]] to serve as a leader candidate for the [[Alternative for Germany|Alternative for Germany Party]]? ===Pete Hegseth=== * ... that [[United States Secretary of Defense|U.S. Secretary of Defense]] '''[[Pete Hegseth]]''' volunteered to be a [[National Guard (United States)|National Guard]] for [[Joe Biden|Joe Biden's]] [[Inauguration of Joe Biden|inauguration in 2021]], but was removed for posting [[Extremism|extremist views]] online? ===Klaus Iohannis=== [[File:Клаус Йоханнис (52539721210).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Klaus Iohannis]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[President of Romania]] belonging to an [[Ethnic group|ethnic minority]]? ===Athens=== * ... that '''[[Athens]]''' is [[Europe|Europe's]] oldest continuously active [[capital city]]? ===Saturday Night Live=== * ... that as of 2022, '''''[[Saturday Night Live]]''''' had received more than 305 [[Primetime Emmy Award]] nominations, the most received by any television program? ===Friedrich Merz=== [[File:2025-02-17 ARD-Wahlarena zur Bundestagswahl 2025 by Sandro Halank–050.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Chancellor of Germany|German Chancellor]] '''[[Friedrich Merz]]''' ''(pictured)'' is a licensed pilot and owns two airplanes? ===Luxembourg=== * ... that in 2020, '''[[Luxembourg]]''' became the first country in the world to make all [[public transport]] free to use? ===Ed Broadbent=== [[File:Ed Broadbent in 2019 (3x4 crop).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that the [[state funeral]] of '''[[Ed Broadbent]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first for a [[Canada|Canadian]] [[political party|party leader]] who was never [[Prime Minister of Canada|prime minister]] or [[Leader of the Opposition (Canada)|opposition leader]]? ===Gisèle Pelicot=== * ... that in 2020, '''[[Gisèle Pelicot]]''' discovered that she was being [[Rapes of Gisèle Pelicot|drugged and raped by her husband and 83 other men]] for nine years? ===Roberta Metsola=== [[File:Roberta Metsola 2022.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that in 2022, '''[[Roberta Metsola]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first woman and youngest person to be elected [[President of the European Parliament]]? ===Texas=== * ... that before becoming a [[States of the U.S.|U.S. state]] in 1845, '''[[Texas]]''' was its [[Republic of Texas|own country]] for almost ten years? ===Manneken Pis=== *...that the statue '''[[Manneken Pis]]''' in [[Brussels]], which shows a boy [[urination|urinating]] into a fountain, also inspired other similar figures in Brussels? ===Caroline Chew=== [[File:Carolinechew.jpg|right|100px]] *...that '''[[Caroline Chew]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Singapore]]an [[equestrian]] to be in the [[Olympic Games]]? ===Peru=== * ... that '''[[Peru]]''' is where [[potatoes]] were first [[gardening|cultivated]] by [[Inca Empire|the Incas]]? ===Dora Bakoyannis=== [[File:Dora Bakoyannis-headshot.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Dora Bakoyannis]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first female mayor of [[Athens]] and the first female mayor of a city to have hosted the [[Olympic Games]]? ===New York (state)=== * ... that the [[States of the U.S.|U.S. state]] of '''[[New York (state)|New York]]''' has over 70,000 miles of [[river]]s and [[stream]]s? ===Donn Moomaw=== [[File:Donn Moomaw 1951 (full).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Donn Moomaw]]''' ''(pictured)'' refused to play with the [[Los Angeles Rams]] since they played on Sundays and later became a [[Presbyterian]] [[Minister (Christianity)|minister]]? ===Bart De Wever=== * ... that '''[[Bart De Wever]]''' is the first [[Flemish Movement|Flemish nationalist]] to become [[Prime Minister of Belgium]]? ===Joe Lieberman=== [[File:Joe Lieberman official Senate portrait Retouched.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that in [[2000 United States presidential election|2000]], [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] '''[[Joe Lieberman]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first practicing [[Jewish|Jew]] to run for [[Vice President of the United States|vice president]]? ===Aga Khan IV=== * ... that in 2014, '''[[Aga Khan IV]]''' became the first faith leader to address a joint session of the [[Parliament of Canada]]? ===Fernanda Montenegro=== [[File:Fernanda Montenegro em 2015 cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Fernanda Montenegro]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Brazilian people|Brazilian]] to be nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Actress]]? ===Ralph Lauren=== [[File:Ralph Lauren 3x4.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Ralph Lauren]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[fashion designer]] to be honored with the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]]? ===Nicaragua=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Nicaragua]]''' became a [[diarchy]] with [[Daniel Ortega]] and his wife [[Rosario Murillo]] becoming [[President of Nicaragua|co-presidents]]? ===Pam Bondi=== [[File:Pam Bondi 2018.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States Attorney General]] '''[[Pam Bondi]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first woman to be elected [[Florida Attorney General|Florida state attorney general]]? ===Kelly Loeffler=== * ... that former [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] '''[[Kelly Loeffler]]''' once owned the [[Atlanta Dream]] [[basketball|basketball team]], but sold it in 2021 because of her opinions of the [[Black Lives Matter|Black Lives Matter movement]]? ===Chappell Roan=== [[File:Chappell Roan @ Hollywood Palladium 11 18 2022 (53886800138).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that singer-songwriter '''[[Chappell Roan]]''' ''(pictured)'' got her [[stage name]] from her grandfather Dennis Chappell and his favorite song, "The Strawberry Roan"? ===Dick Button=== * ... that [[Emmy Award]]-winning sports commentator '''[[Dick Button]]''' is the only [[Americans|American]] man to win the [[European Figure Skating Championships]]? ===Usha Vance=== [[File:Usha Vance, official portrait (2025) (cropped reasonable).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, lawyer '''[[Usha Vance]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Indian Americans|Indian-American]] and first [[Millennials|Millennial]] [[Second ladies and gentlemen of the United States|U.S. Second Lady]] in [[American history]]? ===Chris Wright=== * ... that in 2019, future [[United States Secretary of Energy|U.S. Energy Secretary]] '''[[Chris Wright]]''' drank [[fracking|fracking fluid]] to prove it was not dangerous? ===Algeria=== * ... that '''[[Algeria]]''' is the largest country in [[Africa]]? ===Marco Rubio=== [[File:Official portrait of Secretary Marco Rubio, January 2025.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, [[United States Secretary of State|U.S. Secretary of State]] '''[[Marco Rubio]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the highest-ranking [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic American]] official in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===Ahmed al-Sharaa=== * ... that the [[United States]] had a $10 million [[bounty (reward)|bounty]] against '''[[Ahmed al-Sharaa]]''', however removed it when he became the [[Syrian transitional government|Syrian transitional]] [[President of Syria|leader]] in [[Fall of Damascus|2024]]? ===Richard Williamson (bishop)=== [[File:Bishop Richard Williamson.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Auxiliary bishop]] '''[[Richard Williamson (bishop)|Richard Williamson]]''' ''(pictured)'' had his [[excommunicated|excommunication]] lifted in 2009 by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] only to be excommunicated again in 2013 for his [[Holocaust denial]] views? ===Charli D'Amelio=== [[File:Charli D'Amelio at KCAs 2023 01.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2020, '''[[Charli D'Amelio]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[TikTok]] celebrity to have a both 50 million followers and 100 million followers? ===January 20–22, 2025 Gulf Coast blizzard=== * ... that the '''[[January 20–22, 2025 Gulf Coast blizzard]]''' was the first recorded [[blizzard]] on the [[Gulf Coast]] ever? ===Scott Bessent=== [[File:Scott Bessent, official portrait (2025) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, [[United States Secretary of the Treasury|U.S. Treasury Secretary]] '''[[Scott Bessent]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the highest-ranking openly [[LGBT|LGBT person]] in [[American history]]? ===Lynn Ban=== * ... that jewelry designer '''[[Lynn Ban]]''' agreed to appear on the [[Netflix]] reality show ''[[Bling Empire: New York]]'' to go against the "[[stereotype]]s of ''[[Crazy Rich Asians (movie)|Crazy Rich Asians]]''"? ===Valerie André=== * ... that in 1976, [[French resistance|resistance]] official '''[[Valerie André]]''' became the first female member of the [[French Army|French military]] to become [[General Officer]]? ===Lluvia de Peces=== * ... that in the small town of [[Honduras|Yoro, Honduras]], residents experience "'''[[Lluvia de Peces]]'''" or "Rain of Fish" annually? ===Belly dance=== *...that in 2006, [[Hamas]] outlawed '''[[Belly dance|bellydancing]]''' because they saw it as [[islam|unislamic]]? ===Second inauguration of Donald Trump=== * ... that the '''[[Second inauguration of Donald Trump|second inauguration of Donald Trump]]''' is the first to be held indoors in the [[United States Capitol]] since [[Ronald Reagan|Ronald Reagan's]] [[Second inauguration of Ronald Reagan|second inauguration in 1985]]? ===Cormac McCarthy=== [[File:Cormac McCarthy (The Orchard Keeper author portrait).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that '''[[Cormac McCarthy]]''' ''(pictured)'', whose novel was [[No Country for Old Men (movie)|made into an Academy Award-winning movie]], was called the "best unknown novelist in [[United States|America]]" and rarely had an [[agent]]? ===Wendell Berry=== * ... that in 2015, '''[[Wendell Berry]]''' became the first living writer to be added to the [[Kentucky Writers Hall of Fame]]? ===January 2025 Southern California wildfires=== * ... that the '''[[January 2025 Southern California wildfires]]''' had multiple [[wildfires]], two of which are the second and fourth most destructive fires in [[California|California's history]]? ===William Shatner=== [[File:William Shatner Biohacker Expo 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2021 at the age of 90, ''[[Star Trek]]'' actor '''[[William Shatner]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the oldest person to fly in [[Outer space|space]]? ===António Guterres=== * ... that in 2017, former [[Prime Minister of Portugal|Portuguese Prime Minister]] '''[[António Guterres]]''' became the first national leader to become [[United Nations Secretary-General]]? ===Mark Rutte=== [[File:Mark Rutte, 23.03.23 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2010, '''[[Mark Rutte]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Liberalism|liberal]] [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands|Dutch prime minister]] since 1918? ===Benjamin Netanyahu=== * ... that in 2019, '''[[Benjamin Netanyahu]]''' became the first sitting [[Prime Minister of Israel|prime minister]] in [[Israel|Israel's]] history to be criminally charged? ===Minnesota=== * ... that the [[United States|U.S. state]] of '''[[Minnesota]]''' got its name from the [[Sioux|Sioux language]], meaning "sky-tinted water" or "cloudy water"? ===Jane Fonda=== [[File:Jane Fonda 1963.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1964, '''[[Jane Fonda]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Americans|American]] actress to have a [[nude|nude scene]] in a foreign movie? ===Valdas Adamkus=== * ... that before becoming [[President of Lithuania]], '''[[Valdas Adamkus]]''' worked for the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]] as a deputy administrator in the 1970s? ===Olivia Rodrigo=== [[File:OlivaRO2150524 (38) (53727178601) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] *...that '''[[Olivia Rodrigo]]''' ''(pictured)'' was inspired by [[Taylor Swift]] to start singing? ===iPhone 14 Pro=== * ... that in 2022, the '''[[iPhone 14 Pro]]''' became the first [[iPhone]] to have an always-on display? ===Karla Sofía Gascón=== [[File:Karla Sofia Gascon at TIFF 2024 the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Karla Sofía Gascón]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[transgender woman]] nominated for a [[Golden Globe Award]] and an [[Academy Award]]? ===Jean-Marie Le Pen=== * ... that in 2015, '''[[Jean-Marie Le Pen]]''' was banned from his own [[National Rally|political party]] by [[Marine Le Pen|his daughter]] after saying good things about the [[gas chamber]]s used in [[The Holocaust]]? ===Wolfgang Schäuble=== * ... that '''[[Wolfgang Schäuble|Wolfgang Schäuble's]]''' 2014 [[budget]] as [[Germany|Germany's]] [[Federal Ministry of Finance (Germany)|Finance Minister]] allowed the country to take on no new [[debt]] for the first time since 1969? ===PewDiePie=== [[File:Pewdiepie head shot.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2016, '''[[PewDiePie]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Youtube]]r to have 50 million subscribers? ===iPhone 8=== * ... that in 2017, the '''[[iPhone 8]]''' became the first [[iPhone]] to have a wireless charger? ===MrBeast=== [[File:CrunchLabs - MrBeast Opened the WRONG BOX!!! (MRus4BCPRyY - 0m28s) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2024, '''[[MrBeast]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the most subscribed [[Youtube]] channel after passing [[T-Series]]? ===iPhone 12 Pro=== * ... that in 2020, the '''[[iPhone 12 Pro]]''' became the first [[iPhone]] to have [[5G]]? ===Pope Clement X=== [[File:Portrait of Pope Clement X, by Giovanni Battista Gaulli (Baciccio) - Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at the age of 79, '''[[Pope Clement X]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the oldest person to be elected [[List of popes|pope]]? ===Ebenezer Scrooge=== * ... that '''[[Ebenezer Scrooge]]''', the main character of ''[[A Christmas Carol]]'', was said to have been inspired by a [[Dutch people|Dutch]] [[grave|gravedigger]]? ===Morris Dees=== [[File:Morris Dees Boston 2015 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that civil rights activist and co-founder of the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]] '''[[Morris Dees]]''' ''(pictured)'' was inspired by [[Atticus Finch]] to become a lawyer? ===Pope Benedict IX=== * ... that '''[[Pope Benedict IX]]''' was likely 12 years old when he became [[List of popes|pope]] and was pope three separate times? ===iPhone 15=== [[File:Apple iPhone 15 Pink (November 1, 2024).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2023, the '''[[IPhone 15|iPhone 15]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[iPhone]] to have a [[USB-C|USB Type C]]? ===Nude calendar=== *... that in 1999, a group of middle-aged Englishwomen posing [[nude]] to raise money for [[leukemia]] research were the first to do a '''[[Nude calendar|nude calendar for charity]]'''? ===Kristrún Frostadóttir=== [[File:Kristrún Frostadóttir 2021.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[2024 Icelandic parliamentary election|2024]] at the age of 36, '''[[Kristrún Frostadóttir]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the youngest [[Prime Minister of Iceland|prime minister]] in [[Iceland|Icelandic history]]? ===Superman (2025 movie)=== * ... that within 24 hours of its release, the [[trailer (movie)|trailer]] for the 2025 [[DC Universe (franchise)|DCU movie]] '''''[[Superman (2025 movie)|Superman]]''''' became the most viewed [[Warner Bros.]] trailer of all time with over 250 million views? ===Manmohan Singh=== [[File:Manmohan Singh 2007.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2004, '''[[Manmohan Singh]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Sikh]] to be elected [[Prime Minister of India]]? ===Chris Hoy=== * ... that six-time Olympic champion cyclist '''[[Chris Hoy]]''' was inspired to cycle at age six because of the 1982 movie ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]''? ===Valkyrae=== [[File:Valkyrae for 100 Thieves (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Valkyrae]]''' ''(pictured)'' has been [[YouTube]]'s most-watched female [[live stream|streamer]] since 2020? ===António Costa=== * ... that '''[[António Costa|António Costa's]]''' time as [[Prime Minister of Portugal]] is the longest of any national leader of the [[Iberian Peninsula]] in the [[21st century]]? ===Dragonfruit=== [[File:Fruits mûrs.JPG|100px|right]] *..that '''[[Dragonfruit|dragonfruits]]''' ''(pictured)'' are the [[fruit]] of a [[cactus]]? ===Pierre Poilievre=== * ... that after being elected to the [[Parliament of Canada]] in [[2004 Canadian federal election|2004]] at the age of 25, future [[Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)|Opposition Leader]] '''[[Pierre Poilievre]]''' was the youngest [[Member of Parliament|MP]] at the time? ===Gracie Abrams=== [[File:Gracie Abrams @ El Rey Theatre 03 05 2022 (52297975314) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that after her song "[[That's So True]]" was number six on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]], '''[[Gracie Abrams]]''' ''(pictured)'' said she wrote the song while [[intoxicated|drunk]]? ===Warren G. Harding=== * ... that in 1922, '''[[Warren G. Harding]]''' became the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to have his voice [[Transmitter|transmitted]] by radio? ===Herbert Hoover=== [[File:President Hoover portrait.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1927 while he was [[United States Secretary of Commerce|Secretary of Commerce]], '''[[Herbert Hoover]]''' ''(pictured)'' appeared on the first public [[demonstration]] of a [[broadcast|television broadcast]] in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===Calvin Coolidge=== * ... that '''[[Calvin Coolidge]]''' was the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to lead a public celebration of the [[Christmas]] holidays? ===Pink elephant=== *..that '''[[Pink elephant|pink elephants]]''' exist because of [[Albinism|albinism]]? ===Franklin Pierce=== [[File:Portrait of Franklin Pierce (by George Peter Alexander Healy, 1853).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that '''[[Franklin Pierce]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to take the [[oath of office]] on a law book instead of the bible? ===William McKinley=== * ... that '''[[William McKinley|William McKinley's]]''' [[inauguration]] was the first to be filmed, making him the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to ever be filmed? ===Michel Barnier=== [[File:Michel Barnier 2020.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2024 at the age of 73, '''[[Michel Barnier]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the oldest [[Prime Minister of France|prime minister]] in the [[French Fifth Republic]]? ===Harry S. Truman=== * ... that in 1945, '''[[Harry S. Truman]]''' became the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] in office to use [[Air Force One|air travel]] within the [[United States|country]]? ===Occupation of the Hainburger Au=== * ... that in 1984, 40,000 people took part in the '''[[Occupation of the Hainburger Au]]''' in [[Vienna]] to [[protest]] against the building of a [[power plant]]? ===Charles Dickens=== [[File:Dickens Gurney head.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Charles Dickens]]''' ''(pictured)'' made less money than expected with the sales of ''[[A Christmas Carol]]'', making £230 instead of his expected £1,000? ===Compulsory sterilization=== *...that to fight [[climate change]], the aid agency of the government of the United Kingdom still supports '''[[Compulsory sterilization|compulsory sterilization]]''' in [[India]]? ===William Henry Harrison=== [[File:William Henry Harrison daguerreotype edit.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that the [[inauguration|inaugural address]] of [[President of the United States|President]] '''[[William Henry Harrison]]''' ''(pictured)'', the first speech of his month-long presidency, is the longest in [[American history]], lasting almost two hours? ===Millard Fillmore=== * ... that in 1851, [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[Millard Fillmore]]''' personally fought a fire at the [[Library of Congress]] and then signed a [[Bill (proposed law)|bill]] to fund all the books destroyed in the fire? ===Zachary Taylor=== [[File:Zachary Taylor restored and cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Zachary Taylor]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the last [[President of the United States]] to own [[slaves]] while he was still in office? ===James Buchanan=== * ... that in 1858, [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[James Buchanan]]''' received the first [[telegram]] sent by the [[Transatlantic telegraph cable]]? ===Holly Cairns=== [[File:Holly Cairns, April 2023 (headshot).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[2020 Irish general election|2020]], future [[Social Democrats (Ireland)|Social Democrats Leader]] '''[[Holly Cairns]]''' ''(pictured)'' ran against her then-boyfriend [[Christopher O'Sullivan]] for a seat in the [[Teachta Dála]]? ===James Monroe=== * ... that '''[[James Monroe]]''' is the only [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] besides [[George Washington]] with a [[Liberia|country's]] [[Monrovia|capital]] named after him? ===Sunflower=== [[File:Helianthus whorl.jpg|right|100px]] *...that the tallest '''[[sunflower]]''' ''(pictured)'' was 9.17 [[metres]] high? ===James A. Garfield=== * ... that [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[James A. Garfield]]''' could write in [[Greek]] with his left [[hand]] and [[Latin]] with his right hand at the same time? ===Antipope Felix V=== [[File:Nuremberg chronicles f 242v 2 (Felix V).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that '''[[Antipope Felix V|Felix V]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the last [[antipope]] in the history of the [[Catholic Church]]? ===Paternalism=== *..that there was a time when [[Ford Motor Company]] checked that their [[employee]]s '''[[Paternalism|regularly went to chuch]]'''? ===Jair Bolsonaro=== [[File:Jair Bolsonaro 2021 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in November 2024, former [[President of Brazil|Brazilian President]] '''[[Jair Bolsonaro]]''' ''(pictured)'' was formally accused by the national police for having knowledge about an [[assassination|assassination plot]] against his [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva|successor]]? ===Chihuahua (dog)=== * ... that the name for '''[[Chihuahua (dog)|Chihuahuas]]''' comes from the [[Na'huatl]] word for "between two waters" and the name is older than the [[Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire|Spanish Conquest of Mexico]]? ===Nancy Reagan=== [[File:Nancy Reagan.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that after [[Ronald Reagan|her husband]] survived an [[Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan|assassination attempt]], [[First Lady of the United States|U.S. First Lady]] '''[[Nancy Reagan]]''' ''(pictured)'' hired an [[astrology|astrologer]] to review and create his schedule to make sure he would be safe? ===Pig=== * ... that '''[[Pig|pigs]]''' have the longest [[orgasm]] in [[mammals]], with an average of 30 minutes, but it can last for as long as 90 minutes? ===The Scream=== [[File:The Scream.jpg||right|100px]] *...that the famous picture, '''''[[The Scream]]''''' ''(pictured)'', is worth 55 million dollars? ===Gotham City=== * ... that '''[[Gotham City]]''', a fictional [[DC Comics]] city, is said to be in [[New Jersey]] and is inspired by [[New York City]], [[Chicago]] and [[London]]? ===Theodore Edgar McCarrick=== [[File:Theodore McCarrick 207-DP-8339A (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2018, '''[[Theodore Edgar McCarrick]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[cardinal (Catholic Church)|Cardinal]] to resign from the [[College of Cardinals]] because of [[sexual abuse]] accusations? ===Brigitte Macron=== * ... that at age 40, '''[[Brigitte Macron|Brigitte Auzière]]''' met her husband, [[Emmanuel Macron]], when he was her 15 year-old student and a classmate of her daughter? ===René Henry Gracida=== * ... that [[bishop]] '''[[René Henry Gracida]]''' [[boycott|boycotted]] [[PepsiCo]] because they used "[[Like a Prayer (song)|Like a Prayer]]" by [[Madonna]] in one of their commercials and thought it was [[Sacrilege|sacrilegious]]? ===Sarah Frey=== [[File:Sarah Frey-Talley (19494902783) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Sarah Frey]]''' ''(pictured)'', who has been called "the Pumpkin Queen of [[United States|America]]", started her [[farm]]ing company at the age of 16? ===Choking game=== *...that a '''[[choking game]]''' is different from [[erotic asphyxiation]], and that most children playing these games do this to get high without taking drugs? ===Harley Quinn=== [[File:Harley Quinn 2015 Calgary Expo – Calgary Comic & Entertainment Expo (17033582449).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[DC Comics]] villain '''[[Harley Quinn]]''' ''(pictured)'' was created for the 1992 series ''[[Batman: The Animated Series]]'' and was only meant to appear in one episode? ===Poison Ivy (character)=== * ... that [[DC Comics]] villain '''[[Poison Ivy (character)|Poison Ivy]]''' was created because there was a need for more female villains on the 1966 series ''[[Batman (TV series)|Batman]]''? ===Catwoman=== [[File:Catwoman cosplayer (33483657440) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Bob Kane|Bob Kane's]] inspirations behind [[DC Comics]] [[antihero]] '''[[Catwoman]]''' ''(pictured)'' included actresses [[Jean Harlow]], [[Hedy Lamarr]], and his own cousin? ===Carmine Falcone=== * ... that [[John Turturro]] refused to play [[DC Comics|comic]] [[mafia|mob boss]] '''[[Carmine Falcone]]''' in TV series ''[[The Penguin (TV series)|The Penguin]]'' because it showed [[violence against women]]? ===Yassamin Ansari=== * ... that [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Yassamin Ansari]]''' was the first [[Iranian Americans|Iranian American]] elected to public office in [[Arizona]] and the second elected to the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Jimmy Carter=== [[File:Words from the President (42757498962) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2024, at the age of 100, former [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[Jimmy Carter]]''' ''(pictured)'' was nominated for a [[Grammy Award]], making him the oldest nominee ever? ===Los Alamos National Laboratory=== * ... that the '''[[Los Alamos National Laboratory]]''', where the [[Manhattan Project]] happened, has almost 900 facilities, thirteen of which are [[Nuclear weapon|nuclear-related]], and costs about $39.1 billion to repair? ===Pear=== [[File:Peer 'Bonne Louise d'Avranches' (Pyrus communis).jpg|right|100px]] *...that there are 3,000 known kinds of '''[[pear]]s''' ''(pictured)'' that are grown worldwide? ===Kemi Badenoch=== [[File:Official portrait of Kemi Badenoch MP crop 2, 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[2024 Conservative Party leadership election|2024]], [[Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party Leader]] '''[[Kemi Badenoch]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Black British|black]] leader of any [[List of political parties in the United Kingdom|major political party]] in the [[United Kingdom]]? ===Popsicle=== *...that the '''[[popsicle]]''' was accidentally made by an eleven-year-old boy named Frank Epperson in 1905? ===Sarah McBride=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Sarah McBride]]''' was elected as the first openly [[transgender]] member of the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]], having already been the first transgender state senator in [[Delaware]]? ===Tulsi Gabbard=== [[File:Tulsi Gabbard, official portrait, 113th Congress (cropped 3).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Tulsi Gabbard]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Samoan Americans|Samoan American]] and the first [[Hindu]] member of the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Miranda Hart=== * ... that in 2017, '''[[Miranda Hart]]''' became the first solo female presenter for the [[Royal Variety Performance]] in 105 years? ===Richard Feynman=== * ... that [[Manhattan Project]] member and [[List of Nobel Prize winners in Physics|Nobel Prize]] winner '''[[Richard Feynman]]''' is said to have helped uncover the reasons behind the [[Space Shuttle Challenger disaster|Space Shuttle ''Challenger'' disaster]]? ===Aella (writer)=== [[File:210919 Aella A Data Driven Approach to Sex Work -hru 3 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Aella (writer)|Aella]]''' ''(pictured)'', one of the highest-earning creators on [[OnlyFans]], also does research about the "[[ecosystem]]" of online [[sex worker]]s? ===Witch child=== *...that even though the practice of '''[[Witch child|killing children suspected of witchcraft]]''' has been done in [[Africa]], children have also been ritually killed in the [[United Kingdom]] for this reason? ===Great Pacific Garbage Patch=== *...that the '''[[Great Pacific Garbage Patch]]''' is at least the size of [[Texas]] and is mostly made of [[ghost net|lost fishing nets]]? ===XXXTentacion=== [[File:XXXTENTACION mugshot 7 14 2016 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that three years after his death, five of '''[[XXXTentacion|XXXTentacion's]]''' ''(pictured)'' unreleased [[SoundCloud]] songs were released as [[Non-fungible token|NFTs]] for charity? ===Mayra Gómez Kemp=== * ... that Cuban-Spanish entertainer '''[[Mayra Gómez Kemp]]''' is believed to be the first woman to host a television quiz show? ===Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō]]''' became the [[Māori King movement|Māori Queen]] at the age of 27, younger than the [[Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani|youngest reigning monarch]] of a [[sovereign nation]]? ===D. B. Cooper=== [[File:DBCooper.jpg|100px|right]] *...that more than fifty years after he jumped from a plane he had [[Aircraft hijacking|hijacked]], '''[[D. B. Cooper|D. B Cooper's]]''' ''(pictured)'' identity is still unknown? === Annalisa === [[File:Annalisa al suo concerto al Forum di Milano.jpg|right|100px]] *...that in 2024, Italian singer '''[[Annalisa]]''' ''(pictured)'' got an [[asteroid]] named after her? ===Reagan (2024 movie)=== * ... that in 2024, [[Facebook]] stopped the biographical movie '''''[[Reagan (2024 movie)|Reagan]]''''' from releasing ads on its platform believing they were trying to impact the [[2024 United States presidential election|2024 U.S. presidential election]]? ===Herbert A. Simon=== * ... that [[economist]] '''[[Herbert A. Simon]]''' is the first person to win a [[Turing Award]] and a [[Nobel Prize]]? ===Han Kang=== [[File:Han Kang - 2017 (cropped).png|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Han Kang]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[South Korea]]n writer and first female writer from [[Asia]] to win the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]? ===Ralph Steinman=== * ... that the [[Nobel Prize|Nobel Committee]] decided that '''[[Ralph Steinman]]''', who died three days before being honored, could keep his [[List of Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine|award]] despite their rule against [[Posthumous award|posthumous recognitions]]? ===Xi Jinping=== [[File:Chinese President Xi May 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Xi Jinping]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party|Chinese leader]] born after the establishment of the [[People's Republic of China]] in 1949? ===Geoffrey Hinton=== * ... that [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel laureate]] '''[[Geoffrey Hinton]]''', who has been called the "godfather of [[Artificial intelligence|AI]]", stopped working for [[Google]] in 2023 to 'freely' talk about the risks of [[AI]]? ===Narendra Modi=== [[File:PM Modi Portrait(cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2014, '''[[Narendra Modi]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Prime Minister of India|Indian prime minister]] to be born after the [[India|country's]] [[Independence Day (India)|independence]] from the [[British Empire]]? ===Donald Sutherland=== * ... that '''[[Donald Sutherland]]''' agreed to play [[Coriolanus Snow]] in ''[[The Hunger Games (movie)|The Hunger Games]]'' because he wanted younger viewers to start a [[Revolution|revolutionary movement]] in the [[United States]]? ===Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands=== [[File:Willem-Alexander Claus George Ferdinand (Isaac Herzog visit to the Netherlands) Portrait.jpeg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2013, '''[[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|King Willem-Alexander]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[List of monarchs of the Netherlands|male monarch]] of [[the Netherlands]] since 1890? ===Dick Schoof=== * ... that in August 2024, [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands|Dutch Prime Minister]] '''[[Dick Schoof]]''' banned members of his [[cabinet]] from using cellphones during meetings to stop the threat of [[espionage]]? ===Amazing Grace=== * ... that the new [[verse]]s in '''"[[Amazing Grace]]"''' that [[Harriet Beecher Stowe]] wrote in ''[[Uncle Tom's Cabin]]'' were passed down in [[African-American]] communities and churches? ===Sabrina Carpenter=== [[File:Sabrina Carpenter - O2 Arena 2025 - 049 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Sabrina Carpenter]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first female artist to hold the number one and two positions on the [[UK Singles Chart|UK singles chart]] for three weeks in a row? ===Sir William Ramsay=== * ... that after discovering [[helium]], [[neon]], [[argon]], [[krypton]], and [[xenon]], '''[[William Ramsay|Sir William Ramsay]]''' helped make [[noble gas]]es a new group in the [[periodic table]]? ===Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki=== * ... that there were about 160 people who were present and survived both of the '''[[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki]]'''? ===Krypton=== *...that the [[chemical element|element]] '''[[Krypton]]''' was found in 1898, but it took over 60 years to find a [[chemical compound]] of Krypton? ===Bernard Hill=== [[File:Bernard Hill cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Bernard Hill]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the only actor to appear in two of the three movies with the most [[Academy Awards]] of all time? ===Teddy bear=== * ... that '''[[Teddy bear|teddy bears]]''' are named after [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[Theodore Roosevelt|Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt]] because he refused to kill a [[bear]] during a hunting event? ===John Hickenlooper=== * ... that before becoming [[Colorado|Colorado's]] [[Governor of Colorado|governor]] and [[United States Senate|senator]], '''[[John Hickenlooper]]''' opened the state's first [[brewpub]]? ===Al Capone=== [[File:Al Capone in 1930.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that a few years after he was released from [[prison]], '''[[Al Capone]]''' ''(pictured)'' had the mental capacity of a 12-year-old even though he was over 40 years old? ===Denver=== * ... that '''[[Denver]]''' is [[nickname]]d the "Mile High City" because its official [[elevation]] is exactly one mile [[above sea level]]? ===Manila=== * ... that '''[[Manila]]''' was established as a [[Muslim]] settlement in the 13th century and later as a Spanish [[colony|colonial]] city in 1571? ===Shigeru Ishiba=== [[File:Ishiba Shigeru 20241001 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1986, future [[Prime Minister of Japan|Japanese Prime Minister]] '''[[Shigeru Ishiba]]''' ''(pictured)'' was elected to the [[House of Representatives (Japan)|House of Representatives]] at age 29, becoming the youngest House member at the time? ===Moulin Rouge=== * ... that about 800 bottles of [[Champagne (wine)|champagne]] are consumed during a typical day at the '''[[Moulin Rouge]]''', likely making it the largest single consumer of champagne in the world? ===Kesaria Abramidze=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Kesaria Abramidze]]''', the first person in the country [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] to admit to being [[transgender]], was murdered a day after the country passed an anti-[[LGBTQ+]] [[Bill (proposed law)|bill]]? ===Ana Brnabić=== [[File:Ana Brnabić 2023.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2017, '''[[Ana Brnabić]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first woman and the first openly [[gay]] person elected as [[Prime Minister of Serbia|Serbian Prime Minister]]? ===Lee Grant=== * ... that '''[[Lee Grant]]''' is the only [[Academy Award]]-winning actor to also direct an Academy Award-winning [[documentary]]? ===Droupadi Murmu=== * ... that '''[[Droupadi Murmu]]''' is the first person born after [[India|India's]] [[Indian independence movement|independence]] in 1947 to have been [[2022 Indian presidential election|elected]] [[President of India|president]]? ===Anna Kendrick=== [[File:Anna Kendrick May 2016.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1998, '''[[Anna Kendrick]]''' ''(pictured)'' was nominated for the [[Tony Award|Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical]] at the age of 12? ===Sophie Wells=== * ... that, even though she won ten [[Paralympic Games|Paralympic]] medals in [[para-equestrian|equestrian]], '''[[Sophie Wells]]''' is [[allergy|allergic]] to horses? ===Anne Hathaway=== * ... that [[Academy Award]]-winning actress '''[[Anne Hathaway]]''' originally wanted to be a [[Catholic]] [[nun]]? ===Otis Davis=== [[File:Otis Davis (1960).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[1960 Summer Olympics|1960]], '''[[Otis Davis]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first man to break the 45-second barrier during a [[400 metres|400 m event]] at the [[Summer Olympics]]? ===Margot Robbie=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Margot Robbie]]''' was named by ''[[Forbes]]'' as the world's highest-paid actress in 2023, with earnings of $78 million? ===Nestor Makhno=== [[File:1921. Нестор Махно в лагере для перемещенных лиц в Румынии (cropped).jpg|100px|right]] *...that '''[[Nestor Makhno]]''' ''(pictured)'' fought against both the [[White Army]] and the [[Red Army]] during the [[Russian Civil War]]? ===Montgomery Bus Boycott=== *...that in 1955, [[Rosa Parks]] was [[arrest]]ed, because she did not give up a '''[[Montgomery bus boycott|seat in a public bus]]'''? ===Audrey Hepburn=== [[File:Audrey Hepburn Roman Holiday cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Audrey Hepburn]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first actress to win an [[Academy Award]], a [[Golden Globe Award]] and a [[BAFTA Award]] for the same role? ===Sir John Gielgud=== * ... that in 1991 at the age of 87, '''[[John Gielgud|Sir John Gielgud]]''' became the oldest [[List of EGOT winners|EGOT winner]] and the first [[LGBT]] person to become one? ===Rita Moreno=== [[File:Rita Moreno in 2000.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Rita Moreno]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Latin America]]n woman to win an [[Academy Award]]? ===The Crown (TV series)=== * ... that the [[Netflix]] [[Emmy Award]]-winning series '''''[[The Crown (TV series)|The Crown]]''''' is an adaptation of the [[West End theatre|West End]] stage play ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]''? === Clipperton Island === *... that '''[[Clipperton Island]]''' has a [[France|French]] [[postal code]], even though [[Desert island|no one lives there]]? ===Richard Rodgers=== [[File:Rodgers.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that American composer '''[[Richard Rodgers]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first person to win [[List of EGOT winners|an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar and a Tony Award]]? ===Parasite (2019 movie)=== * ... that the 2019 [[Korean language]] movie '''''[[Parasite (2019 movie)|Parasite]]''''' was the first non-English movie to win the [[Academy Award for Best Picture]]? === Galápagos Islands === [[File:Galapagos+map.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the '''[[Galápagos Islands]]''' ''(pictured)'' of [[Ecuador]] are famous for inspiring [[Charles Darwin]]'s theory of [[evolution]] by [[natural selection]]? ===Alex Jennings=== * ... that '''[[Alex Jennings]]''' is the only actor to have won the [[Laurence Olivier Award|Olivier Award]]s in the drama, musical and comedy categories? ===James Earl Jones=== [[File:James Earl Jones Baltimore.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1991, '''[[James Earl Jones]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first actor to win two [[Emmy Award]]s in the same year? ===Jeffrey Titford=== * ... that former [[UK Independence Party|UKIP Leader]] '''[[Jeffrey Titford]]''', who was called "the father of [[Brexit]]", was a [[funeral director]] before starting politics? ===Peter Dutton=== * ... that in 2022, [[Leader of the Opposition (Australia)|Australian Opposition Leader]] '''[[Peter Dutton]]''' became the first [[Liberal Party of Australia#Federal Parliamentary Leaders of the Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal Party Leader]] to come from [[Queensland]]? === Koala === [[File:Koala climbing tree.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the '''[[koala]]''' ''(pictured)'' sleeps up to 20 hours a [[day]] because its eucalyptus leaf [[diet]] provides little [[energy]]? ===Mahathir Mohamad=== * ... that in 2018, when '''[[Mahathir Mohamad]]''' became the [[Prime Minister of Malaysia|Malaysian Prime Minister]] again at the age of 92, he also became the world's oldest serving state leader? === Statue of Liberty === [[File:Statue of Liberty 7.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the '''[[Statue of Liberty]]''' ''(pictured)'' was a gift from [[France]] to the [[United States]] in 1886 to celebrate [[United States Declaration of Independence|100 years of independence]]? === Shark === [[File:Great white shark south africa.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that '''[[shark]]s''' ''(pictured)'' have been around for over 400 million years, long before [[dinosaur]]s appeared? ===Ny-Ålesund=== *...that the most northerly [[post office]] in the world is in '''[[Ny-Ålesund]]'''? ===Po (river)=== [[File:View of the Po from Turin.jpg|right|100px]] *...that the '''[[Po (river)|Po River]]''' ''(pictured)'' stretches through five [[Italy|Italian]] cities? ===Lightning=== *...that a bolt of '''[[lightning]]''' can reach [[temperature]]s hotter than the surface of the [[sun]]? ===George VI=== [[File:H.R.H. King George VI and Queen Elizabeth visit the Canadian Pavilion at the World's Fair (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1939, '''[[George VI]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[reign]]ing [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|British monarch]] to visit the [[United States]]? ===Lord Mountbatten=== * ... that many historians believe that in 1968, '''[[Lord Mountbatten]]''', uncle of [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Philip]], was planning a [[coup d'état]] against [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]] [[Harold Wilson]]? ===Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon=== * ... that '''[[Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon]]''' was the first member of the [[British royal family|royal family]] in direct line of succession to be born in [[Scotland]] since the 1600s? ===Diana, Princess of Wales=== [[File:Princess Diana at Accord Hospice.png|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Diana, Princess of Wales]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first [[English people|Englishwoman]] to marry the [[Heir apparent|first-in-line]] to the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|British throne]] since the 1680s? ===Slave breeding in the United States=== *...that when [[slave]] [[import]]s to the [[United States]] were not allowed at the beginning of the 19th century, slaves were '''[[Slave breeding in the United States|bred like cattle]]'''? ===Pope=== *...that the '''[[Pope]]''' cannot be an [[organ donor]]? ===Traffic light=== [[File:東日本大震災から半年後の仙台８ Six Months after The East Japan Earthquake in Sendai8 (8561424208).jpg|right|100px]] *...the '''[[traffic light|traffic lights]]''' are [[blue]] in [[Japan]] ''(pictured)'' because ''ao'' in [[Japanese language|Japanese]] means both [[green]] or blue? ===Tea=== * ... that the country that is '''[[tea|tea's]]''' biggest maker and drinker is [[India]]? ===Concert=== * ... that the [[world]]’s longest '''[[concert]]''' lasted 453 [[hour]]s? ===Rodolfo Hernández Suárez=== * ... that [[Colombia]]n businessman '''[[Rodolfo Hernández Suárez]]''' refused to pay the [[ransom]] of his daughter's kidnapping by a [[Guerrilla warfare|guerrilla group]], citing his family's safety for not paying it? ===Edward VIII=== * ... that historians believe that [[Adolf Hitler]] was ready to make '''[[Edward VIII]]''' the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|king]] again to create a [[fascist]] [[Britain|British]] [[puppet government]] after [[Operation Sea Lion]] in 1940? ===Enceladus=== [[File:PIA17202-SaturnMoon-Enceladus-ApproachingFlyby-20151028.jpg|right|100px]] *...that [[Saturn]]'s moon '''[[Enceladus (moon)|Enceladus]]''' ''(pictured)'' reflects almost all the sunlight it gets, making it the most reflective moon in the [[Solar System]]? ===Kendall Jenner=== * ... that in 2017, '''[[Kendall Jenner]]''' was named the world's highest-paid model by ''[[Forbes]]'', beating model [[Gisele Bündchen]], who had been leading the list for more than 14 years? ===Uranus=== [[File:Uranus as seen by NASA's Voyager 2 (remastered).png|right|100px]] *...that the planet '''[[Uranus]]''' ''(pictured)'' rotates 98 degrees on its side? ===Alfonso Espinosa de los Monteros=== * ... that [[Ecuador]]ian news anchor '''[[Alfonso Espinosa de los Monteros]]''' holds the [[Guinness World Records|Guinness World Record]] for "longest career as a television news broadcaster" for his 56-year-career? ===Titan (moon)=== [[File:Titan in true color.jpg|100px|right]] *...that '''[[Titan (moon)|Titan]]''' ''(pictured)'' may have forms of life in its subsurface oceans? ===Ke Huy Quan=== * ... that in 2023, '''[[Ke Huy Quan]]''', a [[refugee]] of the [[Vietnam War]], became the first [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]]-born actor to win an [[Academy Award]]? ===Peggy Flanagan=== * ... that in 2019, [[Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota]] '''[[Peggy Flanagan]]''' became the highest ranking [[Native American]] woman elected to office in the [[United States]]? ===Chicago Water Tower=== * ... that the '''[[Chicago Water Tower]]''' is the only public tower to survive the [[Great Chicago Fire]] in 1871? ===Sir Shridath Ramphal=== * ... that during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], at age 92, former [[Commonwealth Secretary-General]] '''[[Shridath Ramphal|Sir Shridath Ramphal]]''' was the first lawyer to appear virtually before the [[International Court of Justice]]? ===Broccoli=== [[File:Broccoli and cross section edit.jpg |right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[broccoli]]''' ''(pictured)'' was introduced to [[England]] and the [[United States]] between 1800 and 1900? ===Klein bottle=== *...that true '''[[Klein bottle|Klein bottles]]''' cannot be filled with a [[liquid]]? ===Orange=== [[File:OrangeBloss wb.jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[orange (fruit)|oranges]]''' ''(pictured)'' are one of the few English words that do not rhyme? ===Advance-fee scam=== *...that even though they are common today, the first '''[[advance-fee scam|advance-fee scams]]''' started in the [[18th century]]? ===Apple=== [[File:95apple.jpeg|right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[apple]]s''' ''(pictured)'' were possibly the earliest tree to be [[Farming|cultivated]]? ===Taj Mahal=== [[File:Taj Mahal, Agra, India edit3.jpg|100x100px|right]] *... that the '''[[Taj Mahal]]''' ''(pictured)'' was built by [[Mughal dynasty|Emperor]] [[Shah Jahan]] as a [[mausoleum]] for his wife [[Mumtaz Mahal]]? ===Glasgow=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Glasgow]]''' opened the [[United Kingdom|United Kingdom's]] first official [[Consumerism|consumption]] room for [[illegal drugs]] including [[heroin]] and [[cocaine]]? ===Mona Lisa=== [[File:Mona Lisa, by Leonardo da Vinci, from C2RMF retouched.jpg|100x100px|right]] *...that some believe that the '''''[[Mona Lisa]]''''' ''(pictured)'' has no [[eyebrow]]s because they were accidentally removed during a [[Conservation (art)|restoration]]? ===Photograph (Ed Sheeran song)=== * ... that in 2016, [[Ed Sheeran]] was [[lawsuit|sued]] for $20 million over his song '''"[[Photograph (Ed Sheeran song)|Photograph]]"''' because he was accused of [[copyright infringement]] by the songwriters of "[[Amazing (Matt Cardle song)|Amazing]]"? ===Cheetah=== [[File:Gepardjagt1 (Acinonyx jubatus).jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that the '''[[cheetah]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the fastest land [[animal]], capable of running at speeds up to 75 miles per hour in less than 3 seconds? ===L'Origine du monde=== *...that in 2007, [[postcard]]s showing '''[[L'Origine du monde]]''' were the second-most popular in the [[Musée d'Orsay]]? ===Jill Biden=== [[File:Jill Biden 2024 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at the age of 69, '''[[Jill Biden]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the oldest woman to serve as [[First Lady of the United States]] and the first [[Italian American]] first lady? ===Doug Emhoff=== * ... that before becoming the first [[Second Gentleman of the United States]], '''[[Doug Emhoff]]''' was an entertainment lawyer and represented [[Walmart]] and [[Merck & Co.]]? ===Kamala Harris=== * ... that after 24 hours of '''[[Kamala Harris]]''' announcing her [[Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign|presidential campaign]], she raised $81 million in small-dollar donations, the highest of any candidate in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===Felipe VI=== [[File:Felipe VI in 2023.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Felipe VI]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Monarchy of Spain|Spanish monarch]] to receive and recognize [[LGBT]] organisations at a [[Royal Palace of El Pardo|royal palace]]? ===Silvio Santos=== * ... that '''[[Silvio Santos]]''' hosted his own [[variety show]] from 1963 until 2023 and was called the "greatest personality in the history of [[Brazil]]ian television"? ===Bajrakitiyabha=== [[File:Princess Bajrakitiyabha.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Bajrakitiyabha|Princess Bajrakitiyabha]]''' ''(pictured)'', who was thought to be the next-in-line to the [[Monarchy of Thailand|throne of Thailand]], has been in a [[coma]] since December 2022? ===Daniela Bianchi=== * ... that Italian model and [[Bond girl]] '''[[Daniela Bianchi]]''' was [[Dubbing (filmmaking)|dubbed over]] in ''[[From Russia with Love]]'' by British actress [[Barbara Jefford]] because of her "heavy" accent? === Flamingo === [[File:James's Flamingo mating ritual.jpg|100x100px|right]] *...that a group of '''[[flamingo]]s''' ''(pictured)'' is called a flamboyance? === Shrimp === *... that a '''[[shrimp]]''''s [[heart]] is in its [[head]]? === Giant Panda === [[File:Giant Panda 2004-03-2.jpg|right|100x100px]] * ... that the '''[[giant panda|giant panda's]]''' ''(pictured)'' [[diet]] is 99% [[bamboo]]? === Anglo-Zanzibar War === *... that the shortest [[war]] in history, the '''[[Anglo-Zanzibar War]]''' in 1896, lasted only 38 to 45 minutes? === Hummingbird === [[File:Purple-throated carib hummingbird feeding.jpg|100x100px|right]] *... that '''[[hummingbird]]s''' ''(pictured)'' are the only [[bird]]s that can fly backwards? ===India naming dispute=== *...that '''[[India naming dispute|the name 'India']]''' was first used by the [[Greeks]] to refer specifically to the [[Sindh|Lower Indus Valley]] in [[ancient Pakistan]]? ===Lettuce=== [[Image:Romaine lettuce.jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[lettuce]]''' ''(pictured)'' was one of the first plants brought to America by [[Christopher Columbus]]? ===Royal Air Force=== * ... that the '''[[Royal Air Force]]''' is the oldest [[air force]] in the world? ===Acid rain=== * ... that '''[[acid rain]]''' was a term first used in 1872? ===Lauren Underwood=== [[File:Lauren Underwood official portrait.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2019, at the age of 32, [[registered nurse]] '''[[Lauren Underwood]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the youngest [[African American|Black woman]] to serve in the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Michael Keaton=== * ... that because of [[Screen Actors Guild|SAG]] rules, '''[[Michael Keaton|Michael John Douglas]]''' had to change his name by searching a phone book under "K," saw "Keaton" and decided to pick it as his [[surname]]? ===Jesse Jackson=== * ... that in 1983, [[American Civil Rights Movement|civil rights activist]] '''[[Jesse Jackson]]''' became the first [[African American]] since the [[Reconstruction era]] to address the [[Alabama Legislature]]? ===Paetongtarn Shinawatra=== * ... that in 2024, at the age of 37, '''[[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]]''' became the youngest [[Prime Minister of Thailand|prime minister]] in [[Thailand|Thailand's]] history? ===Kangaroo=== [[File:Kangur.rudy.drs.jpg |right|100x100px]] *...that a female '''[[kangaroo]]''' ''(pictured)'' has three [[vagina]]s? ===Speed dating=== * ... that almost half of the women, and about a quarter of the men participating in '''[[speed dating]]''' make their choice within 30 seconds of meeting the other person? ===Bhumibol Adulyadej=== [[File:King Bhumibol Adulyadej 2010-9-29.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at 70 years, '''[[Bhumibol Adulyadej]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the longest [[Reign|reigning]] [[Monarchy of Thailand|Thai monarch]] and the longest of an independent [[Asian]] sovereign? ===Srettha Thavisin=== * ... that at {{convert|1.92|m|ftin}} tall, former [[Prime Minister of Thailand|Thai Prime Minister]] '''[[Srettha Thavisin]]''' was the tallest leader within [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations|ASEAN]]? ===Yingluck Shinawatra=== [[File:9153ri-Yingluck Shinawatra.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2011, '''[[Yingluck Shinawatra]]''' ''(pictured)'' became [[Thailand|Thailand's]] first female [[Prime Minister of Thailand|prime minister]] and its youngest in 60 years? ===Octopus=== *...that '''[[octopus]]es''' have three [[heart]]s; two for the [[gill]]s and one for the rest of the body? ===Spaghetti=== *...that a single [[strand]] of '''[[spaghetti]]''' is called a "spaghetto"? ===Eraser=== *...that before the 1700s, people used wet [[bread]] as '''[[erasers]]'''? ===Number=== *...that no '''[[number]]''' before 1,000 contains the [[letter]] [[A]]? ===Pluto=== *...that the [[ratio]] between the [[masses]] of '''[[Pluto]]''' and its moon [[Charon]] is so great that it is sometimes called a binary system? ===Maho Beach=== [[File:747-400 City of Bangkok landing at Princess Juliana 11-27-2012b.jpg|right|110px]] * ... that '''[[Maho Beach]]''' ''(pictured)'', in [[Saint Martin|Saint Martin island]], is directly across an [[Princess Juliana International Airport|airport]] and [[Fixed-wing aircraft|airplanes]] can be about 100 feet above beach goers? ===Buenos Aires=== *... that in 2005, '''[[Buenos Aires]]''' became the first [[UNESCO]] City of Design because of the city's [[architecture]] and [[fashion design|fashion design culture]]? ===Susan Wojcicki=== * ... that former CEO of [[YouTube]] '''[[Susan Wojcicki]]''' also helped create [[Google]] when she [[Renting|rented]] her garage as an office for the company's founders in 1998? ===Christopher Plummer=== * ... that '''[[Christopher Plummer]]''' is the only [[Canadians|Canadian]] actor to have won the "[[Triple Crown of Acting]]"? ===Haumea (dwarf planet)=== [[File:Haumea rotation with ring.gif|right|100x100px]] *...that because the [[dwarf planet]] '''[[Haumea (dwarf planet)|Haumea]]''' (''pictured'') was discovered shortly after [[Christmas]], it was originally called Santa? ===Titan=== * ...that [[Saturn]]'s biggest moon '''[[Titan (moon)|Titan]]''' could possibly have a subsurface [[ocean]]? ===Venus=== [[File:Venus from Mariner 10.jpg |right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[Venus]]''' ''(pictured)'' is called Earth's evil twin because it has [[sulphuric acid]] in its [[clouds]]? ===Lavinia Fontana=== [[File:Lavinia Fontana - Autoritratto (ca. 1577-85).jpg|100px|right]] *...that '''[[Lavinia Fontana]]''' (''self-portrait shown''), a 16th century painter, may have been the first woman to paint female [[nude (art)|nudes]]? ===Strawberry=== *... that [[Botany|botanically]] speaking, [[bananas]] are berries, but '''[[Strawberry|strawberries]]''' are not? ===Blood=== *...that there are traces of [[gold]] found in '''[[blood]]''' in the human body? ===Kangaroo rat=== [[File:kangaroo-rat.jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that the [[Nocturnal animals|nocturnal]] [[rodent]] the '''[[Kangaroo rat]]''' ''(pictured)'' has more efficient [[kidney]]s than humans do? ===Tokyo=== * ... that '''[[Tokyo]]''' started as a small fishing village known as [[Edo]] in the 1400s? ===Beijing=== * ... that throughout its history, '''[[Beijing]]''' was the [[China|Chinese]] capital six times? ===Michèle George=== [[File:Michle-george-1352493767.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[equestrianism|equestrian]] '''[[Michèle George]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first winner of a gold medal in [[para-dressage]] for [[Belgium]]? ===Tim Walz=== * ... that in 2007, then-[[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Tim Walz]]''' became the highest-ranking retired [[Enlisted rank|enlisted soldier]] ever to serve in [[United States Congress|Congress]]? ===Sir Lawrence Bragg=== [[File:Wl-bragg.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at age 25, physicist '''[[Lawrence Bragg|Sir Lawrence Bragg]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the youngest person to win a [[Nobel Prize]]? ===Guinea pig=== *... that the term '''[[Guinea pig]]''' is [[slang]] for being the first to try something? ===Taylor Swift=== [[File:Taylor Swift at the Golden Globes 2024 (Enhanced, cropped) 1.jpg |right|100px]] * ... that thirteen-time [[Grammy Awards]] winner '''[[Taylor Swift]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first musician to become a [[billionaire]] based on songs and performances as their [[revenue]]? ===Pete Buttigieg=== * ... that [[United States Secretary of Transportation|U.S. Transportation Secretary]] '''[[Pete Buttigieg]]''' is the first openly [[gay]] individual and first [[millennial]] to be a member of the [[United States Cabinet|U.S. Cabinet]]? ===Berlin=== * ... that '''[[Berlin]]''' is the only city in the world that hosts three [[opera house]]s? ===Janet Yellen=== * ... that '''[[Janet Yellen]]''' is the first person in [[History of the United States|American history]] to lead the three most powerful economic bodies in the [[Federal government]]: the [[United States Department of the Treasury|Treasury Department]], the [[Federal Reserve]], and the [[Council of Economic Advisers]]? ===Hakeem Jeffries=== [[File:Rep-Hakeem-Jeffries-Official-Portrait.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Hakeem Jeffries]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[African-American]] to serve as a [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|congressional party leader]]? ===Truman Show delusion=== *... that the '''[[Truman Show delusion|''Truman Show'' delusion]]''' is named after [[The Truman Show|the movie with the same name]], because some of the first patients said it provided a good description of what the condition felt like? ===Makemake (dwarf planet)=== [[File:Makemake and its moon.jpg|right|100px]] * ...that the [[dwarf planet]] '''[[Makemake (dwarf planet)|Makemake]]''' ''(pictured)'' used to be called [[Easter Bunny]] when it was first found? ===Depression (mental illness)=== * ... several scientific studies have found a link between '''[[Depression (mental illness)|depression]]''' and [[pesticide]]s? ===Charles Darwin=== * ... that while studying at [[Christ's College, Cambridge]], '''[[Charles Darwin]]''' formed a club called "the Gourmet Club" in which he would eat [[Exotic pet|exotic animals]]? ===Rome=== * ... that at 1,500 [[fountain]]s, '''[[Rome]]''' has the most fountains of any city in the world? ===Priti Patel=== [[File:Priti Patel Official Cabinet Portrait, September 2021 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2019, '''[[Priti Patel]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[British Indians|British Indian]] to serve as [[Home Secretary]]? ===Toronto=== * ... that in 2021, 51% of '''[[Toronto]]''' residents were born outside [[Canada]] with 45% of the city's residents speaking a [[First language|first language]] other than French or English? ===Madrid=== * ... that '''[[Madrid|Madrid's]]''' name comes from the [[Arabic]] word ''magerit'', meaning “place of many [[stream]]s"? ===Joe Biden=== [[File:President Joe Biden delivers remarks from the Oval Office (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2024, '''[[Joe Biden]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[incumbent]] [[President of the United States|president]] in [[History of the United States|American history]] to [[Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election|withdraw from reelection]] since [[1968 United States presidential election|1968]]? ===Romance Scam=== *...that people lose more money to '''[[romance scam]]s''' than to other similar types of [[scam]]? ===Rachel Reeves=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Rachel Reeves]]''' became the first female [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]]? ===Deb Haaland=== [[File:Deb Haaland official portrait, 116th congress 2 (1).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2021, [[United States Secretary of the Interior|Interior Secretary]] '''[[Deb Haaland]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Native American]] [[Cabinet of the United States|Cabinet secretary]] in [[History of the United States|U.S. history]]? ===Amsterdam=== * ... that '''[[Amsterdam]]''' sits at two meters below [[sea level]] and is built on soft [[peat]] and [[clay]] in order to stay above water? ===Rio de Janeiro=== * ... that '''[[Rio de Janeiro]]''' is named for a river that does not exist after [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] [[explorer]]s mistook an [[Bay|oceanic bay]] for a river? ===Sexual slavery=== *...that estimates of the number of '''[[sexual slavery|sex slaves]]''' in 2001 varied between 400,000 and 1.75 million? ===Potsdam=== * ... that '''[[Potsdam]]''' was intended as "a picturesque, [[Pasture|pastoral]] dream" which would remind its people of their relationship with [[nature]] and reason? ===Myriam Spiteri Debono=== * ... that [[President of Malta]] '''[[Myriam Spiteri Debono]]''' is a [[technophobia|technophobe]] and uses her husband's [[email]] account for official duties? ===Cheng Pei-pei=== [[File:Cheng Pei Pei (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Chinese people|Chinese]] actress '''[[Cheng Pei-pei]]''' ''(pictured)'', who was nicknamed the "Queen of [[Kung-fu|Kung Fu]]", was thought to be cinema's first female [[Action movie|action]] hero? ===We Didn't Start the Fire (Fall Out Boy song)=== * ... that the 2023 song '''"[[We Didn't Start the Fire (Fall Out Boy song)|We Didn't Start the Fire]]"''', which covers popular events from 1989 to 2023, did not mention the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] because it could not [[rhyme]] with ''[[Bush v. Gore]]''? ===JD Vance=== * ... that [[Vice President of the United States]] '''[[JD Vance]]''' is the first [[millennial]] to be on a presidential ticket of a major party in the [[United States]]? ===Sir Keir Starmer=== [[File:Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer Official Portrait (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that the [[Cabinet of the United Kingdom|cabinet]] of [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]] '''[[Keir Starmer|Sir Keir Starmer]]''' ''(pictured)'' has the most female ministers in the [[United Kingdom|country's]] history? ===Stanford prison experiment=== <!--[[File:SPE1971-prisoner-breaks-down.jpg|100px|right]]--> *...that the '''[[Stanford prison experiment]]''' was stopped after six days, because guards had started to [[torture]] prisoners? ===Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania=== * ... that within one day of [[Donald Trump|Donald Trump's]] '''[[Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania|attempted assassination]]''' in [[Pennsylvania]], [[Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign|his campaign]] raised over $2 million for his supporters who were hurt or killed in the shooting? ===Dennis Skinner=== * ... that '''[[Dennis Skinner]]''' was [[:wikt:suspension|suspended]] from the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|British Parliament]] at least ten times for calling members inappropriate names including former [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] [[David Cameron]]? ===Phoenix, Arizona=== * ... that '''[[Phoenix, Arizona]]''' is the most populated [[state capital]] of the [[United States]]? ===Masoud Pezeshkian=== [[File:Masoud Pezeshkian, 2024-6-12 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that before entering politics, [[President of Iran]] '''[[Masoud Pezeshkian]]''' ''(pictured)'' was a heart [[surgeon]]? ===Enumclaw horse sex case=== * … that one of the most read articles of ''[[The Seattle Times]]'' in 2005 was about a man who died after '''[[Enumclaw horse sex case|having sex with a horse]]'''? ===Steven Chu=== * ... that former [[United States Secretary of Energy|U.S. Secretary of Energy]] '''[[Steven Chu]]''' became the first [[Nobel Prize]] winner to have a position in the [[United States Cabinet|U.S. Cabinet]] in 2009? ===Robert Pickton=== * ... that [[serial killer]] '''[[Robert Pickton]]''' told an [[Covert operation|undercover officer]] that he killed 49 people and wished he killed one more to make it an "even fifty"? ===Blanche Lincoln=== [[File:Blanche Lincoln, 2007.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at the age of 38, '''[[Blanche Lincoln]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the youngest woman ever elected to the [[United States Senate]]? ===Devil=== * ... that in the [[Koran]], the '''[[Devil]]''' often appears as an animal and tries to get people to do the wrong thing? ===Anti-tobacco movement in Nazi Germany=== *...that when they found a link between [[smoking]] and [[lung cancer]] in 1940, the [[Nazi]]s created the '''[[Anti-tobacco movement in Nazi Germany|first anti-smoking campaign]]''' in modern history? ===Gregory Peck=== * ... that [[Academy Award]]-winning actor '''[[Gregory Peck]]''' said that he was almost offered the [[ambassador|ambassadorship]] to [[Ireland]] by President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]? ===Gabriel García Márquez=== [[File:Gabriel Garcia Marquez2 (2009).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Colombia]]n [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] winner '''[[Gabriel García Márquez]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the most-[[translation|translated]] Spanish-language author? ===Dixy Lee Ray=== * ... that '''[[Dixy Lee Ray]]''', the first female [[Governor of Washington]], was also the youngest girl to [[summit]] [[Mount Rainier]]? === India === *...that the name '''[[India]]''' comes from the [[Indus River]], which is located mostly in [[Pakistan]] and is the [[National symbols of Pakistan|national river]] of the country? ===Claudia Sheinbaum=== * ... that [[President of Mexico|President-elect of Mexico]] '''[[Claudia Sheinbaum]]''' was a member of the [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]] when they won a [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in 2007? ===Katherine Johnson=== [[File:NASA human computers - Katherine Coleman Goble Johnson.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Katherine Johnson]]''' ''(pictured)'' was called one of the first [[African-American]] women to work as a [[NASA]] scientist? ===Buzz Aldrin=== * ... that when '''[[Buzz Aldrin]]''' walked on the [[Moon]] during the [[Apollo 11]] mission, he took [[Eucharist|communion]] and became the first and only person to hold a religious ceremony on the Moon? ===Françoise Hardy=== [[File:FrancoiseHardy-1967-Venise-ReportagePhoto.png|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Françoise Hardy]]''' ''(pictured)'', a popular singer of the [[Yé-yé]] style of music, was also an [[astrology|astrologist]] and wrote books about it? ===Mason–Dixon line=== *...that [[surveyor]]s were hired to fix the border between [[Maryland]] and [[Pennsylvania]], after people had become tired of the '''[[Mason–Dixon line|violence between the two colonies]]'''? ===Ronald Reagan=== * ... that after [[Korean Air Lines Flight 007]] was shot down in 1983, [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[Ronald Reagan]]''' announced that the American military's [[GPS]] would be allowed for [[civilian]] use? ===Seven Nation Army=== * ... that when [[Jack White]] created the [[riff]] for '''"[[Seven Nation Army]]"''', he wanted it used for a [[James Bond]] theme, however he decided to make it into a separate song because he thought that would never happen? ===John Quincy Adams=== * ... that [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[John Quincy Adams]]''', who led the fight against [[slavery]] in [[United States Congress|Congress]], was fluent in [[Latin]] and [[French language|French]]? ===Carl Sagan=== [[File:Carl Sagan Planetary Society cropped.png|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Carl Sagan]]''' ''(pictured)'' said that smoking [[cannabis]] helped him in writing his books? ===Vegetable=== * ... that in 1893 the [[United States Supreme Court]] declared that the [[fruit]] [[Tomato]] is a '''[[vegetable]]''' for [[taxation]] purposes? ===Adolf Hitler=== * ... that according to historians, '''[[Adolf Hitler]]''' had only one [[testicle]]? ===Ebrahim Raisi=== * ... that former [[President of Iran|President]] '''[[Ebrahim Raisi]]''' was nicknamed "the Butcher of [[Tehran]]" for his role on the "death committee" during the [[1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners|1988 mass executions]] of [[Iranian people|Iranian]] [[political prisoners]]? ===Solovey (Go_A song)=== * ... that "'''[[Solovey (Go A song)|Solovey]]'''" was the first song in the history of [[Eurovision Song Contest|Eurovision]] to be fully in the [[Ukrainian language]]? ===Jamie Lee Curtis=== [[File:Jamie Lee Curtis (28770868877) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Academy Award]]-winning actress '''[[Jamie Lee Curtis]]''' ''(pictured)'' did not want to be called Baroness [[Christopher Guest|Haden-Guest]] because she said the title has nothing to do with her? ===Murder of Linda Andersen=== *...that '''[[Murder of Linda Andersen|two girls who killed their mother]]''' when they were [[teenager]]s successfully studied at [[university]], after serving their sentence; one became a [[lawyer]] and the other a [[scientist]]? ===William Shockley=== * ... that [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] winning physicist '''[[William Shockley]]''' ran for the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] in 1982 because of the "[[Dysgenics|dysgenic threat]]" he believed [[African Americans|African-Americans]] created? ===Giorgia Meloni=== [[File:Giorgia Meloni Official 2022 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Giorgia Meloni]]''' ''(pictured)'', who was elected in [[2022 Italian general election|2022]], is [[Italy|Italy's]] first female [[Prime Minister of Italy|prime minister]]? ===Marianne Wiggins=== * ... that when Muslims were ordered to kill [[Salman Rushdie]], his wife '''[[Marianne Wiggins]]''' also started hiding, even though she told him five days earlier that she did not want to be married to him anymore? ===Dick Van Dyke=== [[File:Dick Van Dyke by Gage Skidmore.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at age 98, '''[[Dick Van Dyke]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the oldest person to be nominated and win a [[Daytime Emmy Award]]? ===Andrew Johnson=== * ... that a proposal to [[impeachment|impeach]] [[President of the United States]] '''[[Andrew Johnson]]''' in 1868 failed by one vote? ===Russia=== * ... that '''[[Russia]]''' got its name from a [[Medieval Latin]] name for the [[Kievan Rus']]? ===Cynisca=== *...that even though [[women]] were forbidden from attending the [[Ancient Olympic Games]], [[Sparta]]n [[princess]] '''[[Cynisca]]''' won them twice? ===Nude recreation=== *...that when a [[museum]] in [[Vienna]] offered a '''[[nude recreation|naked museum tour]]''' of a [[controversial]] [[exhibition]] called ''Nude Men'' in February 2013, more than 60 people attended that tour? ===Dishwasher=== *...that a [[socialite]] who was worried that her dishes would break while they were being washed came up with a successful design of a '''[[dishwasher]]''' in the late 19th century? ===Pete McCloskey=== * ... that in 1967, [[Purple Heart]] [[Korean War]] veteran '''[[Pete McCloskey]]''' won against child actress [[Shirley Temple]] in a [[special election]] for the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]? ===Simon Harris=== * ... that at age 37, '''[[Simon Harris]]''' is the youngest person to become [[Ireland|Ireland's]] [[Taoiseach]]? ===Mary Peltola=== [[File:Mary Peltola celebrating reeelection (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Mary Peltola]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Alaska Natives|Alaskan Native]] member of [[United States Congress|congress]]? ===Ima Keithel=== * ... that '''[[Ima Keithel]]''' is a [[market]] in [[Manipur]] that is the only one run by women alone? ===Pubic hair=== *... that four out of five women, and about half of the men in the [[United States]] trim or remove their '''[[pubic hair]]'''? ===Olaf Scholz=== * ... that '''[[Olaf Scholz]]''' is the first [[Chancellor of Germany|Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany]] to not be a member of the [[Protestant Church in Germany|Protestant Church]]? ===Ursula von der Leyen=== * ... that when she was elected in 2019, '''[[Ursula von der Leyen]]''' became the first female [[President of the European Commission]]? ===Dance the Night=== * ... that [[Mark Ronson]] wrote a song for the [[Rehearsal|dance rehearsals]] of the movie ''[[Barbie (movie)|Barbie]]'' which later became "'''[[Dance the Night]]'''"? ===Gottfried Böhm=== [[File:Gottfried Böhm 2015.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1986, '''[[Gottfried Böhm]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first [[German people|German]] [[architect]] to win a [[Pritzker Prize]]? ===Sahara=== * ... that in the last hundred years, the '''[[Sahara]]''' has grown by about ten percent because of [[desertification]]? ===José Andrés=== * ... that chef and [[humanitarianism|humanitarian]] '''[[José Andrés]]''' is said to have made [[Tapas|small plates dining]] popular in the [[United States]]? ===Red Sea crisis=== * ... that the first event in the history of [[space warfare]] occurred during the '''[[Red Sea crisis]]'''? ===Trina Robbins=== [[File:Trina Robbins 2010 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1970, cartoonist '''[[Trina Robbins]]''' ''(pictured)'' helped create the first [[comic book]] entirely produced by women? ===Sultan bin Salman Al Saud=== * ... that '''[[Sultan bin Salman Al Saud]]''', the son of [[Salman of Saudi Arabia|Saudi King Salman]], is the first member of a royal family to fly in [[outer space|space]] as well as the first Arab and the first [[Muslim]] to do so? === Ostrich === *... that '''[[ostrich]]es''' have the biggest eyes among all [[terrestrial animals]]? === Names of Pakistan === [[File:British Indian Empire 1909 Imperial Gazetteer of India.jpg|100x100px|right]] *... that the '''[[Names of Pakistan|name of modern Pakistan]]''' ''(pictured)'' is an [[acronym]] derived from the five regions of the [[British Raj]]: [[Punjab (Pakistan)|''P''unjab]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|''A''fghania]], [[Kashmir|''K''ashmir]], [[Sindh|''S''indh]], and [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Baluchis''tan'']]? === Akkadian Empire === [[File:Empire akkad.svg|100x100px|right]] *... that the '''[[Akkad|Akkadian Empire]]''' ''(pictured)'' of [[Mesopotamia]] is the oldest known [[empire]] in history? ===Houston=== * ... that after [[New York City]], '''[[Houston]]''' has the most [[Fortune 500|''Fortune'' 500]] headquarters of any [[United States|American]] city within its city limits? === Total Eclipse of the Heart === * ... that leading up to the [[solar eclipse of August 21, 2017]], the [[streaming media|streams]] for [[Bonnie Tyler]]'s 1983 single '''"[[Total Eclipse of the Heart]]"''' went up 827% globally? === Ancient Pakistan === [[File:Indus script.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the oldest recorded name of '''[[Ancient Pakistan]]''' ''(pictured)'' is Meluhha, the [[Sumer]]ian name for the [[Indus Valley Civilization|Indus Valley]]? ===Charles Michel=== * ... that when '''[[Charles Michel]]''' became the [[Prime Minister of Belgium]] in 2014, he was the youngest Belgian prime minister in 173 years? ===Jörn Donner=== [[File:Jörn Donner in 2014 06.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that director '''[[Jörn Donner]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first and, to date, only person from [[Finland]] to win an [[Academy Award]]? ===Katie Britt=== * ... that [[Alabama]] [[United States Senator|U.S. Senator]] '''[[Katie Britt]]''' was [[criticism|criticized]] for giving her [[response to the State of the Union address|response]] to the [[State of the Union address]] from her [[kitchen]]? ===Gandhara=== *... that the region of '''[[Gandhara]]''' in [[Pakistan]] is the second holy land of [[Buddhism]], the first being [[Magadha]] in [[Nepal]] and [[India]]? ===Olivia Rodrigo=== [[File:Olivia Rodrigo @ Theatre at Ace Hotel 10 09 2023 (53423735984).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Olivia Rodrigo]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first artist to have their first two releases in the top 10 on [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]]? ===Lyndon B. Johnson=== * ... that at age 42, '''[[Lyndon B. Johnson]]''' was the youngest [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|leader]] of the [[United States Senate]] in [[American history]]? ===Kristi Noem=== [[File:Noem Portrait (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that when '''[[Kristi Noem]]''' ''(pictured)'' was a [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]], she took online college classes and received [[internship|intern credits]] because she was a congresswoman? ===Marianne Williamson=== * ... that before running for [[President of the United States]] in [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]] and [[2024 United States presidential election|2024]], '''[[Marianne Williamson]]''' was a [[The New York Times Best Seller list|''New York Times'' best selling]] [[spirituality|spiritual writer]] and was nicknamed "[[Oprah Winfrey|Oprah's]] spiritual advisor"? ===Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine=== * ... that even though '''[[Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine|Belarus helped Russia]]''' with [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|their invasion of Ukraine]], [[President of Belarus|President]] [[Alexander Lukashenko]] said that there is "no way" [[Belarus|Belarusian]] soldiers will attack [[Ukraine]]? ===J. Robert Oppenheimer=== * ... that in 2022, '''[[J. Robert Oppenheimer|J. Robert Oppenheimer's]]''' [[security clearance]] was given back to him, 68 years after it was controversially removed during the [[Red scare|Second Red scare]]? ===Chicago River=== [[File:The Chicago River turns green for St. Patrick's Day. 2018 (26997623508).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that the tradition of [[dye|dyeing]] the '''[[Chicago River]]''' green ''(pictured)'' for [[Saint Patrick's Day]] started by accident in 1961 when plumbers accidentally spilled [[fluorescein]] into the river? ===Functional illiteracy=== *...that 14% of the [[adult]]s living in the [[United States]] have problems in their everyday life, because they cannot '''[[functional illiteracy|read and write well enough]]'''? ===Kirby's Dream Course=== *...that '''''[[Kirby's Dream Course]]''''' was not originally going to be a ''[[Kirby (series)|Kirby]]'' game, and the version without Kirby was later released on the [[Satellaview]]? ===Harvard University=== * ... that eight [[Presidents of the United States]] have [[graduated]] from '''[[Harvard University]]'''? ===Japanese spider crab=== *... that the '''[[Japanese spider crab]]''' has the largest leg span among any [[arthropod]] in the world? ===Toby Fox=== *...that '''[[Toby Fox|Toby Fox's]]''' first important work was a [[Halloween]] version of ''[[EarthBound]]''? ===The Godfather=== * ... that '''''[[The Godfather]]''''' made over $100 million in the [[box office]] 18 weeks after its release in 1972, making it the fastest movie to reach that number? ===Abortion in France=== *...that '''[[abortion in France]]''' was protected in the French [[constitution]] in March 2024, making France the only country to have abortion as a constitutional right? ===O'Hare station train crash=== [[File:OHare Airport L crash, March 2014.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in March 2014, a [[Chicago]] [[Blue Line (CTA)|subway train]] '''[[O'Hare station train crash|crashed]]''' ''(pictured)'' at the [[O'Hare International Airport]] because the conductor fell asleep while operating? ===Paracetamol=== *...that '''[[Paracetamol]]''' ''(acetaminophen)'' is the main cause of [[liver failure]] in the [[United States]] and [[Great Britain]]? ===Mario Party 8=== * ... that '''''[[Mario Party 8]]''''' was removed from stores in the [[United Kingdom]] after a [[slur]] was found in the game? ===Eswatini=== * ... that Swaziland changed their name to '''[[Eswatini]]''' because the old name sounded too similar to [[Switzerland]]? ===Alejandro Mayorkas=== * ... that [[United States Secretary of Homeland Security|U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security]] '''[[Alejandro Mayorkas]]''' is the first [[United States Cabinet]] member to be [[impeachment|impeached]] since 1876? ===Kuwaiti dinar=== *... that the '''[[Kuwaiti dinar]]''' is the most valuable [[currency]] in the world? ===Carnivorous plant=== *... that different [[plant]]s developed the '''[[carnivorous plant|ability to catch and trap insects]]''' at least six times? ===Super Bowl LVIII=== * ... that '''[[Super Bowl LVIII]]''' is the most watched [[United States]] broadcast since the [[Apollo 11]] moon landing? ===Liverpool Women's Hospital bombing=== * ...that the [[taxi]] driver in the '''[[Liverpool Women's Hospital bombing]]''' was called a [[hero]] for locking the [[terrorist]] inside of his taxi? ===Acoustic Kitty=== *...that in the 1960s, the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] fitted [[cat]]s to '''[[Acoustic Kitty|act as spies]]'''? ===The Typewriter=== *...that in the 1950s, [[Leroy Anderson]] composed '''[[The Typewriter|a piece of music]]''' for the [[typewriter]] and [[orchestra]]? ===Pesse canoe=== [[File:Boomstamkano van Pesse, Drents Museum, 1955-VIII-2.jpg|right|100px]] *... that the '''[[Pesse canoe]]''' ''(pictured)'', a [[Dugout canoe|dugout]] dating back to between 7500 and 8000 [[BCE]], may be one of the world's oldest [[boat]]s? === Medieval philosophy === *... that '''[[Medieval philosophy]]''' began in the historic city of [[Baghdad]], now the capital of [[Iraq]], in the [[8th century]]? ===Poultry=== *... that '''[[Poultry]]''' is the second most eaten type of [[meat]] after [[pork]]? ===In Guezzam=== *...that in '''[[In Guezzam]]''' less than four out of ten people [[literacy|can read or write]]? ===Suriname=== *...that in '''[[Suriname]]''' most people who cannot read or write are women? === Masjid al-Haram === [[File:Great Mosque of Mecca.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the '''[[Masjid al-Haram]]''' ''(pictured)'' in [[Makkah]], [[Saudi Arabia]] is the largest [[mosque]] in the world and is also the most expensive building on [[Earth]]? ===2024 Ecuadorian conflict=== * ... that in January 2024, several armed gang members '''[[2024 Ecuadorian conflict|stormed a television studio]]''' in [[Guayaquil]], [[Ecuador]] while it was broadcasting live? ===Meat-Shaped Stone=== [[File:Meat-Shaped Stone Gathering of Treasures 1.jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that the '''''[[Meat-Shaped Stone]]''''' ''(pictured)'' is one of the Three Treasures of the [[National Palace Museum]] in [[Taiwan]]? ===25 or 6 to 4=== * ... that the [[Chicago (band)|Chicago]] song "'''[[25 or 6 to 4]]'''" was banned in [[Singapore]] from 1970 to 1993 because the country thought the song was about drugs? ===Madison Marsh=== [[File:Active Duty Miss America (4) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[Miss America 2024|2024]], [[Second_lieutenant#United_States|second lieutenant]] '''[[Madison Marsh]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first member of the [[United States Armed Forces|U.S. Armed Forces]] to win the [[Miss America|Miss America title]]? ===Postpartum depression=== * ... that '''[[postpartum depression]]''' affects more women living in [[Human Development Index|low and middle income countries]] than those living in high income countries? ===Trump International Hotel and Tower=== * ... that because of [[Donald Trump]] adding a large sign with his name on the '''[[Trump International Hotel and Tower]]''', [[Chicago]] considered changing its rules for future sign-building on its skyscrapers? ===875 North Michigan Avenue=== * ... that '''[[875 North Michigan Avenue]]''' in [[Chicago]] has the highest indoor swimming pool in the [[United States]]? ===iPhone 6=== [[File:IPhone 6 bottom.png|right|100px]] * ... that over ten million '''[[iPhone 6]]''' ''(pictured)'' were sold in the first week of its release in 2014, making it one of best-selling [[touchscreen]] phones of all time? ===Moscow=== * ... that '''[[Moscow]]''' is the largest city by [[land area]] on the [[Europe|European continent]]? ===Pineapple=== * ... that '''[[pineapple]]s''' can take two or three years to grow? dy6z39s58iy1fs23pbdt6jfw6ghmmdd 10368978 10368975 2025-07-03T05:06:51Z Raayaan9911 1495229 /* Sir Billy Boston */ Reply 10368978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bots|optout=SIGN}} This page is for nominations to appear in the "Did you know" section on the [[Main Page]]. To discuss Did You Know please use [[Wikipedia talk:Did you know]]. <center><big>'''[[Template talk:Did you know#Nominations|SKIP TO NOMINATIONS]]'''</big></center> {{DYKbox}} {{tocright}} == Instructions == '''Did you know?''' (DYK) entries are interesting facts that many people may not know. On this page possible entries are listed and members of the DYK project assess the nominations for the DYK section. DYKs are listed on the [[Main Page]]. === How to enter a DYK === List articles on this page under the '''Nominations''' area, below. The newest nominations go at the top. If you would like to make a nomination, you should read the rules below. If there is a picture that you would like to see used with your nomination, please add it with your nomination as shown below. Any user may nominate a DYK suggestion. {{Wikipedia:Did you know}} == Chart == Please use one of the following templates when reviewing nominations. {| class="wikitable" width=100% ! width=10% | Symbol !! width=10% | Code !! width=10% | Ready for DYK? !! width=50% | Description |- align="center" |- align="center" | [[File:Symbol confirmed.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKyes}}</nowiki> || Yes || align="left" | No problems, ready for DYK |- align="center" | [[File:Pictogram voting keep.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKagf}}</nowiki> || Yes, [[Wikipedia:Assume good faith|WP:AGF]] || align="left" | Hook cited to a source not on the Internet, but to a reliable publication. |- align="center" | [[File:Pictogram reply.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKfixed}}</nowiki> || Yes, issue fixed. || align="left" | The issue preventing DYK, or the request for improvement has now been fixed. |- align="center" | [[File:Symbol possible vote.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKalmost}}</nowiki> || Almost || align="left" | Article is on the way to being ready for DYK, but the reviewer has questions. |- align="center" | [[File:Symbol delete vote.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKno}}</nowiki> || No || align="left" | Article is unable to be used on DYK, the time limit has passed, or there are larger reservations. |} {{DYK-Refresh}} <!--<center><big>'''{{#ifeq:{{Did you know/Queue/EmpQ}}||ALL QUEUES ARE FULL AT THE MOMENT.|THE NEXT EMPTY QUEUE IS [[Template:Did you know/Queue/{{Did you know/Queue/EmpQ}}]] AND}} THE NEXT UPDATE WILL BE FROM [[Template:Did you know/Queue/{{Did you know/Queue/NexQ}}]]'''</big></center>--> == Nominations == Please add new nominations below ''with newer nominations at the top''. Nominations should be headed with a <nowiki>===Level Three===</nowiki> header containing a link to the article that the hook is from. If possible, all hooks should contain a relevant file from Wikimedia Commons – this can be a picture or a sound. The subject article should be '''<nowiki>'''bolded'''</nowiki>'''. <!--- please uncomment the template below if there are no nominations in the section; add newer nominations at the top, but below the template --> === Al Hilal SFC === * ... that '''[[Al Hilal SFC|Al Hilal]]''' was the only Asian football club to reach the knockout tournament in [[2025 FIFA Club World Cup]]? [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 08:00, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ===Gina Ortiz Jones=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Gina Ortiz Jones]]''' became the first [[Asian-American]] female mayor of a major city in [[Texas]] and the first openly [[gay]] mayor of [[San Antonio]]? --[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 17:37, 28 June 2025 (UTC) ===Violeta Chamorro=== [[File:Violeta Chamorro 1993.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1990, when '''[[Violeta Chamorro]]''' ''(pictured)'' was elected [[President of Nicaragua]], she became the first elected woman president in the [[Americas]]? --[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 22:19, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ===Sir Billy Boston=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Billy Boston|Sir Billy Boston]]''' became the first [[Rugby League|rugby league footballer]] to be [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]]? --[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 22:19, 25 June 2025 (UTC) *:{{DYKyes}} [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 05:06, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ===Toni Morrison=== [[File:Toni Morrison.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1993, '''[[Toni Morrison]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[African American]] woman to win the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]? --[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 22:19, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :{{DYKyes}} [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 05:04, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ==Holding area== Hooks that are ready to be moved to a queue for update may be held in this area until a space in a queue becomes available. To be eligible to move into this area, a hook must meet all of the promotion guidelines as outlined above. Hooks in this area do not count towards a user's nomination limit. If you change or re-review a hook in this area, it must be moved back to the main nominations section for discussion to continue. The only changes permitted here are formatting or spelling changes, or adding an associated file. <!-- Add nominations below this comment --> ===Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran=== * ... that the '''[[Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran]]''' was founded in 324, making it the oldest public church in [[Rome]] and the oldest [[basilica]] in the [[Western world]]? ===Greg Abbott=== * ... that in 2015, '''[[Greg Abbott]]''' became the first [[Governor of Texas|Texas governor]] and third governor of a [[U.S. state]] to use a [[wheelchair]]? ===Amazon River=== [[File:Amazon 57.53278W 2.71207S.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that there are no [[Bridge|bridges]] that cross the '''[[Amazon River]]''' ''(pictured)'' because of the [[Amazon rainforest]]? === iOS 26 === * ... that 13 years after the [[iOS 7]] was [[Design|redesigned]] with a "flat style", the '''[[iOS 26]]''' was redesigned with a [[Liquid Glass]] design? ===Ron DeSantis=== [[File:Governor Ron DeSantis at the CNN Republican Presidential Debate (53460294753) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2019, at the age of 40, '''[[Ron DeSantis]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the youngest [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[Governor of Florida|governor]] in [[Florida|Florida's history]]? ===Egypt=== * ... that '''[[Egypt]]''' has the most powerful [[Egyptian Armed Forces|military force]] in the [[Arab world]] and [[Africa]] since 2025? === Colour of the day (police) === *... that in [[New York City]], [[police|undercover police]] wear different '''[[Color of the day (police)|colored items of clothing]]''' to quickly recognize each other? ===Kathy Hochul=== [[File:Kathy Hochul March 2024 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2021, '''[[Kathy Hochul]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first female [[Governor of New York]] and the first from [[Upstate New York]]? ===Mikie Sherrill=== * ... that before she became the first [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] to [[United States House of Representatives|represent]] [[New Jersey's 11th congressional district]] in over 30 years, '''[[Mikie Sherrill]]''' was a [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] [[helicopter]] pilot? ===Abigail Spanberger=== * ... that before becoming the first woman to represent [[Virginia's 7th congressional district]] in the [[U.S. House of Representatives|U.S. House]], '''[[Abigail Spanberger]]''' was a [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA operations officer]]? ===Gavin Newsom=== [[File:Newsom April 2024 (3x4 cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2022, [[Governor of California|Governor]] '''[[Gavin Newsom]]''' ''(pictured)'' made [[California]] the first [[sanctuary city|sanctuary state]] for [[transgender|transgender youth]]? ===Cambodian genocide=== * ... that the '''[[Cambodian genocide]]''' happened because [[dictator]] [[Pol Pot]] and the [[Khmer Rouge]] wanted to roll back [[Cambodia]] to "Year Zero" when every Cambodian was a [[Rural area|rural]] [[farmer]]? ===Joan Didion=== [[File:Didion1970 (cropped).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that '''[[Joan Didion]]''' ''(pictured)'' wrote her first novel, which was about a woman dying in the [[Sahara Desert]], when she was five years old? ===South Korea=== * ... that 70% of '''[[South Korea]]''' is covered by hills and mountains? ===Louise Glück=== [[File:Louise Glück circa 1977.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that in 2020, '''[[Louise Glück]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Americans|American]] woman to win the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] since 1993 and the first American poet to win since 1948? ===Boston=== * ... that from 1659 to 1681, it was [[banned]] in '''[[Boston]]''' to celebrate [[Christmas]] because the [[Pilgrims]] saw it as a "[[corruption|corrupt]] holiday"? ===Audrey Hepburn=== [[File:Audrey Hepburn 1956om (cropped).jpg|100px|right]] *...that '''[[Audrey Hepburn]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first person to be an [[List of EGOT winners|EGOT winner]] [[posthumously]]? ===Beagle=== * ... that a 2019 research found that '''[[Beagle|beagles]]''' could detect [[lung cancer]] with 97% accuracy? ===Lilo & Stitch=== * ... that the 2002 movie '''''[[Lilo & Stitch]]''''' was the first time that [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]] hand-drew its characters and used of [[watercolour|watercolors]] for its background since the 1940s? ===Susan Brownmiller=== * ... that the works of [[Americans|American]] [[feminist]] author '''[[Susan Brownmiller]]''' is said to have helped create laws that made it easier to criminally charge [[rape|rapists]]? ===Mike Schaefer=== * ... that when he was elected to the [[California State Board of Equalization|State Board of Equalization]] in 2018 at the age of 80, '''[[Mike Schaefer]]''' became the oldest [[California|Californian]] to serve in a state constitutional office? === Pig === [[File:Sus scrofa scrofa.jpg|right|100px]] *...that '''[[pig]]s''' ''(pictured)'' can be taught to play [[video game]]s? ===Catholic Church=== * ... that the '''[[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic Church]]''' has the oldest continuously used legal system in the world? ===Chuck Grassley=== [[File:Chuck Grassley official photo 2017.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that with over 40 years in the [[U.S. Senate]], '''[[Chuck Grassley]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the longest serving [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] senator in [[History of the United States|U.S. history]]? ===Lee Zeldin=== * ... that in 2022, while running for [[Governor of New York|New York Governor]], then-[[U.S. Representative]] '''[[Lee Zeldin]]''' was attacked by a [[drunk]] man who later said he did not know who Zeldin was? ===Sara Duterte=== [[File:2024-04-10 – PBBM to highlight economic cooperation, defense and maritime cooperation in historic trilateral meeting with US, Japan (03) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Sara Duterte]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Vice President of the Philippines]] to be [[impeachment|impeached]]? ===Cori Bush=== * ... that in 2021, [[nurse|registered nurse]] '''[[Cori Bush]]''' became the first [[African American]] woman to represent [[Missouri]] in the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Sussan Ley=== [[File:SL - 2012 Profile.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Sussan Ley]]''' ''(pictured)'' became [[Australia|Australia's]] first female [[Leader of the Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal Party Leader]] and [[Leader of the Opposition (Australia)|Opposition Leader]]? ===Pope Leo XIV=== * ... that '''[[Pope Leo XIV]]''' picked his papal name because of [[Pope Leo XIII]] and the "cultural shifts" the [[Roman Catholic church]] might see through [[artificial intelligence]] and [[robotics]]? ===Wesley Bell=== [[File:Rep. Wesley Bell Official Portrait.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2019, future-[[Missouri]] [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Wesley Bell]]''' ''(pictured)'' became [[St. Louis County, Missouri|St. Louis County's]] first [[African Americans|Black]] [[attorney|prosecuting attorney]]? ===Peter Dutton=== * ... that in [[2025 Australian federal election|2025]], '''[[Peter Dutton]]''' became the first [[List of Australian Leaders of the Opposition|Australian opposition leader]] to lose their [[Australian House of Representatives|parliamentary seat]] at an election? ===JB Pritzker=== [[File:JB Pritzker 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... when he was [[2022 Illinois gubernatorial election|re-elected in 2022]], [[Governor of Illinois|Illinois Governor]] '''[[JB Pritzker]]''' ''(pictured)'' had the highest vote share for any [[United States|U.S.]] [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] governor in more than 60 years? ===Toni Breidinger=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Toni Breidinger]]''' became the first [[NASCAR]] driver to model for [[Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue|''Sports Illustrated''<nowiki/>'s Swimsuit Issue]]? ===Rashida Tlaib=== [[File:Tlaib Rashida 119th Congress.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2018, '''[[Rashida Tlaib]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Muslim]] woman and the first [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]]-[[Americans|American]] woman elected to the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Anthony Albanese=== * ... that in [[2025 Australian federal election|2025]], '''[[Anthony Albanese]]''' became the first [[Prime Minister of Australia|Australian prime minister]] to win re-election since [[John Howard]] in [[2004 Australian federal election|2004]]? ===Friedrich Merz=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Friedrich Merz]]''' became the first post-war [[Chancellor of Germany|German chancellor]] not to receive the needed [[German Bundestag|confirmation votes]] in the first round of voting? ===Nicușor Dan=== [[File:Nicușor Dan 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2020, two-time [[International Mathematical Olympiad]] champion '''[[Nicușor Dan]]''' ''(pictured)'' was elected as [[Bucharest|Bucharest's]] first [[Independent politician|independent]] mayor? ===1755 Cape Ann earthquake=== * ... that the '''[[1755 Cape Ann earthquake]]''' in [[Massachusetts]] could be felt as far north as [[Nova Scotia]] in [[Canada]] and as far south as [[South Carolina]]? ===Richard Pryor=== [[File:Richard Pryor 1973 (cropped).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that in 1980, comedian '''[[Richard Pryor]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first black actor to earn a million dollars for a single movie when he starred in ''[[Stir Crazy (movie)|Stir Crazy]]''? ===Mike Waltz=== * ... that '''[[Mike Waltz]]''' was the first [[Americans|American]] [[United States Congress|congress member]] to call for a full [[United States|U.S.]] [[boycott]] of the [[2022 Winter Olympics]] in [[Beijing]] for the [[China|country's]] [[persecution of Uyghurs in China|persecution of Uyghurs]]? ===Dick Durbin=== [[File:Dick Durbin 2022 official portrait (cropped) 2.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Illinois]] [[U.S. Senator]] '''[[Dick Durbin]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the longest-serving [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate party whip]] in [[History of the United States|U.S. history]]? ===Ali France=== * ... that [[2025 Australian federal election|in 2025]], '''[[Ali France]]''' became the first person in [[History of Australia|Australian history]] to defeat an [[Leader of the Opposition (Australia)|opposition leader]] in a [[Australian House of Representatives|parliamentary election]]? === Hydrogen === [[File:Shuttle Main Engine Test Firing cropped edited and reduced.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[hydrogen]]''' fires ''(pictured)'', while being extremely hot, are almost invisible to [[human]]s, leading to accidental burns? === Water === * ... that 12 billion [[light year]]s away around a [[quasar]] there is a giant cloud of '''[[water]]''' with 140 trillion times more water than all the water on [[Earth]]? ===Michael Bloomberg=== [[File:Michael Bloomberg 2022 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2020, former [[Mayor of New York City|New York City Mayor]] '''[[Michael Bloomberg]]''' ''(pictured)'' spent the most money spent on a presidential primary campaign in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===Tammy Duckworth=== [[File:Tammy Duckworth, official portrait, 115th Congress (cropped)2.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2004, future [[Illinois]] [[U.S. Senator]] '''[[Tammy Duckworth]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Americans|American]] female [[Amputation|double amputee]] from the [[Iraq War]]? === False memory === *...that [[experiment]]s have shown that people can be made to '''[[False memory|remember events that did not take place]]'''? ===Robert F. Kennedy Jr.=== * ... that in 2013, future [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services|U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services]] '''[[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]]''' helped the [[Chipewyan|Chipewyan First Nation]] to protect their land from [[tar sands]] production? ===Catholic Church sexual abuse cases=== * ... that a study found that 81% of the victims of the '''[[Catholic Church sexual abuse cases]]''' between 1950 and the early 2000s were male? === False memory === *...that [[experiment]]s have shown that people can be made to '''[[False memory|remember events that did not take place]]'''? ===Juliana Stratton=== [[File:National Lieutenant Governor's Association (52766342026) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2020, [[Lieutenant Governor of Illinois|Illinois Lieutenant Governor]] '''[[Juliana Stratton]]''' ''(pictured)'' was one of the first customers to buy [[recreation|recreational]] [[cannabis (drug)|cannabis]] in the [[Illinois|state]]? ===Tony Evers=== * ... that in 2023, [[Governor of Wisconsin|Wisconsin Governor]] '''[[Tony Evers]]''' made a [[veto|line-item veto]] to the [[Wisconsin|state]] budget that increased school funding of $325 until the year 2425? ===Sean Baker=== [[File:Sean Baker at the 2024 New York Film Festival (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, filmmaker '''[[Sean Baker]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first person to win four [[Academy Awards]] for the [[Anora (movie)|same movie]]? ===Philippe of Belgium=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Philippe of Belgium]]''' publicly criticized [[Pope Francis]] during a welcome address of him over the [[Catholic Church sexual abuse cases|sexual abuses]] done by the [[Roman Catholic Church]] in [[Belgium]]? ===Conclave (movie)=== * ... that viewership for the 2024 movie '''''[[Conclave (movie)|Conclave]]''''' went up 283% on [[streaming media|streaming platforms]] following [[Death and funeral of Pope Francis|the death]] of [[Pope Francis]] in April 2025? ===Karoline Leavitt=== [[File:Karoline Leavitt by Gage Skidmore 2 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at the age of 27, '''[[Karoline Leavitt]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the youngest [[White House Press Secretary]] in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===John Ratcliffe=== * ... that in 2019, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found out that then-[[Director of National Intelligence|National Intelligence Director]] nominee '''[[John Ratcliffe]]''' lied about arresting "300 [[Illegal immigration|illegal immigrants]] in a single day"? ===Salem Witch Trials=== *...that some of the '''[[Salem Witch Trials]]''' only lasted 15 minutes, and resulted in people being found guilty and [[death penalty|executed]]? ===Susie Wiles=== [[File:Susie Wiles 2025 (edited crop).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Susie Wiles]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first ever female [[White House Chief of Staff]] in [[American history]]? ===Paper Mario: Color Splash=== * ... that [[Nintendo of America]] accidentally made '''''[[Paper Mario: Color Splash]]''''' available to play two weeks early? ===Austria=== * ... that the first [[postcard]]s were issued in '''[[Austria]]''' in 1869? ===Cory Booker=== [[File:Cory Booker, official portrait (119th Congress).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, at 25 hours and five minutes long, '''[[Cory Booker]]''' ''(pictured)'' made the longest speech in the history of the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]]? ===Super Mario Bros. theme=== * ... that in 2023, the '''[[Super Mario Bros. theme|''Super Mario Bros.'' theme]]''' became the first [[video game music]] track to be preserved by the U.S. [[Library of Congress]]? ===Doug Collins (politician)=== [[File:Official portrait of Douglas Collins, U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs.jpeg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs|U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs]] '''[[Doug Collins (politician)|Doug Collins]]''' ''(pictured)'' was a [[United States Navy|navy]] [[chaplain]] before entering politics? ===Air Force One (movie)=== * ... that in 2016, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' named [[Harrison Ford|Harrison Ford's]] character in the 1997 movie '''''[[Air Force One (movie)|Air Force One]]''''' the "greatest fictional [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] of all time"? ===Elise Stefanik=== [[File:Elise Stefanik, 115th official photo.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2014 at the age of 30, '''[[Elise Stefanik]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the youngest woman and youngest [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] ever elected to the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Malta=== * ... that at 316 [[Square kilometre|sq km]], '''[[Malta]]''' is the smallest country in the [[European Union]]? ===Patty Murray=== [[File:Patty Murray, official portrait, 113th Congress.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2023, [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] '''[[Patty Murray]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first female [[President pro tempore of the United States Senate]]? ===Mike Johnson=== * ... that [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker]] '''[[Mike Johnson]]''' has less experience in the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] than any other speaker since 1883? ===Fernanda Torres=== [[File:ImStillHereBFILFF131024 (4 of 36) (54065967346) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Fernanda Torres]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Brazilian people|Brazilian]], [[Latin America|Latin American]], and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese-speaking]] actor to win the [[Golden Globe Award|Golden Globe for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama]]? ===Greece=== * ... that almost 80% of '''[[Greece]]''' is made up by [[mountain|mountainous terrain]]? ===Linda McMahon=== [[File:Linda McMahon 2025 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Linda McMahon]]''' ''(pictured)'' changed [[WWE|WWE's]] [[TV Parental Guidelines|television rating]] from TV-14 to PG to attract a young generation of [[wrestling]] fans? ===Lori Chavez-DeRemer=== * ... that '''[[Lori Chavez-DeRemer]]''' lost to [[Janelle Bynum]] three times when she ran for the [[Oregon House of Representatives|Oregon State House]] and the [[U.S. House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representative]] in different elections? ===Mia Love=== [[File:Mia Love Congressional Photo.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2015, '''[[Mia Love]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[African American|Black]] [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] woman elected to the [[United States Congress]]? ===Liechtenstein=== * ... that in 1969, [[NASA]] gave '''[[Liechtenstein]]''' [[moon|moon rocks]] and a [[Flag of Liechtenstein|national flag]] that had been on the moon to thank them for their support from a local company during the [[Apollo 11]] mission? ===9 Songs=== * ... that the 2004 British romantic drama movie '''''[[9 Songs]]''''' included scenes of its two main actors actually having [[sexual intercourse]] and performing [[oral sex]] as well as a scene of [[ejaculation]]? ===Mark Carney=== [[File:Prime Minister Boris Johnson meets with Mark Carney No.10 Downing Street (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Mark Carney]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first person to become [[Prime Minister of Canada]] without holding elected public office before? ===SpongeBob SquarePants=== * ... that in 2025, '''''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]''''' became the longest-running [[United States|American]] [[children's animation|children's animated]] series? ===Muhsin Hendricks=== * ... that '''[[Muhsin Hendricks]]''' was called the world's first [[openly gay]] [[imam]]? ===Brooke Rollins=== [[File:Brooke Rollins 2025 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States Secretary of Agriculture|U.S. Secretary of Agriculture]] '''[[Brooke Rollins]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first female student body president at her ''[[alma mater]]'' [[Texas A&M University]]? ===Hurricane (dog)=== * ... that '''[[Hurricane (dog)|Hurricane]]''', a [[United States Secret Service|U.S. Secret Service]]-trained [[dog]] who protected President [[Barack Obama]] in 2014, was thought to be the most [[decoration|decorated]] dog in [[American history]]? ===Kash Patel=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Kash Patel]]''' became the youngest person and the first [[Asian Americans|Asian-American]] to become [[Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation]]? ===Emperor Penguins=== [[File:Aptenodytes forsteri MHNT.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Emperor penguin|emperor penguins]] ''' ''(egg pictured)'' are the only [[bird|birds]] in the world that can lay their [[egg|eggs]] on [[ice]]? ===Stockholm=== * ... that '''[[Stockholm]]''' is built on fourteen islands and is connected by fifty-seven bridges? ===Scott Turner (politician)=== * ... that [[United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development|U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development]] '''[[Scott Turner (politician)|Scott Turner]]''' once played for the [[National Football League|NFL]] and was a [[United States Congress|congressional]] [[intern]] afterwards? ===Mikey Madison=== [[File:Mikey Madison at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Mikey Madison]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Gen Z]] actress to win an [[Academy Award]]? ===R. Budd Dwyer=== * ... that in 1987, [[Pennsylvania]] [[lawmaker]] '''[[R. Budd Dwyer]]''' publicly [[suicide|committed suicide]] during a live press conference, which was [[broadcasting|broadcasted]] throughout the state? ===Sean Duffy=== * ... that before entering politics, [[United States Secretary of Transportation|U.S. Secretary of Transportation]] '''[[Sean Duffy]]''' was a cast member of the [[MTV]] [[reality television]] series ''[[The Real World|The Real World: Boston]]''? === Miss Meyers === * ... that racehorse '''[[Miss Meyers]]''' only started racing well after she turned four years old, then won what would be $156,000 today in the same year? ===Drug cartel=== * ... that a 2025 report by the [[United States Department of Justice|U.S. Department of Justice]] found that 74% of [[firearms]] used by the '''[[Drug cartel|Mexican drug cartels]]''' came from the [[United States]]? ===Frankétienne=== [[File:Jean Laposte 2 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1975, '''[[Frankétienne]]''' ''(pictured)'' wrote the first novel entirely written in [[Haitian Creole]]? ===Doughtnuts=== *...that [[Canada]] has the most '''[[doughnut]]''' shops per person? ===European Union=== * ... that the '''[[European Union]]''' is the world's largest single-market and would be the third largest country in the world if it were independent? ===Howard Lutnick=== [[File:Howard Lutnick (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States Secretary of Commerce|U.S. Secretary of Commerce]] '''[[Howard Lutnick]]''' ''(pictured)'' survived the [[Collapse of the World Trade Center|collapse]] of the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] during the [[September 11 attacks]]? ===Thutmose II=== * ... that in 2022, the discovery of the [[tomb]] of '''[[Thutmose II]]''' became the first royal tomb to be discovered since [[King Tutankhamun|King Tutankhamun's]] in 1922? ===Souleymane Cissé=== * ... that '''[[Souleymane Cissé]]''' is the first director from [[sub-Saharan Africa]] to receive an award at the [[Cannes Film Festival]]? ===Alice Weidel=== [[File:2019-09-01 Wahlabend Sachsen by Sandro Halank–039.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Alice Weidel]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[lesbian]] to serve as a leader candidate for the [[Alternative for Germany|Alternative for Germany Party]]? ===Pete Hegseth=== * ... that [[United States Secretary of Defense|U.S. Secretary of Defense]] '''[[Pete Hegseth]]''' volunteered to be a [[National Guard (United States)|National Guard]] for [[Joe Biden|Joe Biden's]] [[Inauguration of Joe Biden|inauguration in 2021]], but was removed for posting [[Extremism|extremist views]] online? ===Klaus Iohannis=== [[File:Клаус Йоханнис (52539721210).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Klaus Iohannis]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[President of Romania]] belonging to an [[Ethnic group|ethnic minority]]? ===Athens=== * ... that '''[[Athens]]''' is [[Europe|Europe's]] oldest continuously active [[capital city]]? ===Saturday Night Live=== * ... that as of 2022, '''''[[Saturday Night Live]]''''' had received more than 305 [[Primetime Emmy Award]] nominations, the most received by any television program? ===Friedrich Merz=== [[File:2025-02-17 ARD-Wahlarena zur Bundestagswahl 2025 by Sandro Halank–050.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Chancellor of Germany|German Chancellor]] '''[[Friedrich Merz]]''' ''(pictured)'' is a licensed pilot and owns two airplanes? ===Luxembourg=== * ... that in 2020, '''[[Luxembourg]]''' became the first country in the world to make all [[public transport]] free to use? ===Ed Broadbent=== [[File:Ed Broadbent in 2019 (3x4 crop).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that the [[state funeral]] of '''[[Ed Broadbent]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first for a [[Canada|Canadian]] [[political party|party leader]] who was never [[Prime Minister of Canada|prime minister]] or [[Leader of the Opposition (Canada)|opposition leader]]? ===Gisèle Pelicot=== * ... that in 2020, '''[[Gisèle Pelicot]]''' discovered that she was being [[Rapes of Gisèle Pelicot|drugged and raped by her husband and 83 other men]] for nine years? ===Roberta Metsola=== [[File:Roberta Metsola 2022.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that in 2022, '''[[Roberta Metsola]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first woman and youngest person to be elected [[President of the European Parliament]]? ===Texas=== * ... that before becoming a [[States of the U.S.|U.S. state]] in 1845, '''[[Texas]]''' was its [[Republic of Texas|own country]] for almost ten years? ===Manneken Pis=== *...that the statue '''[[Manneken Pis]]''' in [[Brussels]], which shows a boy [[urination|urinating]] into a fountain, also inspired other similar figures in Brussels? ===Caroline Chew=== [[File:Carolinechew.jpg|right|100px]] *...that '''[[Caroline Chew]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Singapore]]an [[equestrian]] to be in the [[Olympic Games]]? ===Peru=== * ... that '''[[Peru]]''' is where [[potatoes]] were first [[gardening|cultivated]] by [[Inca Empire|the Incas]]? ===Dora Bakoyannis=== [[File:Dora Bakoyannis-headshot.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Dora Bakoyannis]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first female mayor of [[Athens]] and the first female mayor of a city to have hosted the [[Olympic Games]]? ===New York (state)=== * ... that the [[States of the U.S.|U.S. state]] of '''[[New York (state)|New York]]''' has over 70,000 miles of [[river]]s and [[stream]]s? ===Donn Moomaw=== [[File:Donn Moomaw 1951 (full).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Donn Moomaw]]''' ''(pictured)'' refused to play with the [[Los Angeles Rams]] since they played on Sundays and later became a [[Presbyterian]] [[Minister (Christianity)|minister]]? ===Bart De Wever=== * ... that '''[[Bart De Wever]]''' is the first [[Flemish Movement|Flemish nationalist]] to become [[Prime Minister of Belgium]]? ===Joe Lieberman=== [[File:Joe Lieberman official Senate portrait Retouched.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that in [[2000 United States presidential election|2000]], [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] '''[[Joe Lieberman]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first practicing [[Jewish|Jew]] to run for [[Vice President of the United States|vice president]]? ===Aga Khan IV=== * ... that in 2014, '''[[Aga Khan IV]]''' became the first faith leader to address a joint session of the [[Parliament of Canada]]? ===Fernanda Montenegro=== [[File:Fernanda Montenegro em 2015 cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Fernanda Montenegro]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Brazilian people|Brazilian]] to be nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Actress]]? ===Ralph Lauren=== [[File:Ralph Lauren 3x4.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Ralph Lauren]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[fashion designer]] to be honored with the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]]? ===Nicaragua=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Nicaragua]]''' became a [[diarchy]] with [[Daniel Ortega]] and his wife [[Rosario Murillo]] becoming [[President of Nicaragua|co-presidents]]? ===Pam Bondi=== [[File:Pam Bondi 2018.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States Attorney General]] '''[[Pam Bondi]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first woman to be elected [[Florida Attorney General|Florida state attorney general]]? ===Kelly Loeffler=== * ... that former [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] '''[[Kelly Loeffler]]''' once owned the [[Atlanta Dream]] [[basketball|basketball team]], but sold it in 2021 because of her opinions of the [[Black Lives Matter|Black Lives Matter movement]]? ===Chappell Roan=== [[File:Chappell Roan @ Hollywood Palladium 11 18 2022 (53886800138).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that singer-songwriter '''[[Chappell Roan]]''' ''(pictured)'' got her [[stage name]] from her grandfather Dennis Chappell and his favorite song, "The Strawberry Roan"? ===Dick Button=== * ... that [[Emmy Award]]-winning sports commentator '''[[Dick Button]]''' is the only [[Americans|American]] man to win the [[European Figure Skating Championships]]? ===Usha Vance=== [[File:Usha Vance, official portrait (2025) (cropped reasonable).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, lawyer '''[[Usha Vance]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Indian Americans|Indian-American]] and first [[Millennials|Millennial]] [[Second ladies and gentlemen of the United States|U.S. Second Lady]] in [[American history]]? ===Chris Wright=== * ... that in 2019, future [[United States Secretary of Energy|U.S. Energy Secretary]] '''[[Chris Wright]]''' drank [[fracking|fracking fluid]] to prove it was not dangerous? ===Algeria=== * ... that '''[[Algeria]]''' is the largest country in [[Africa]]? ===Marco Rubio=== [[File:Official portrait of Secretary Marco Rubio, January 2025.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, [[United States Secretary of State|U.S. Secretary of State]] '''[[Marco Rubio]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the highest-ranking [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic American]] official in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===Ahmed al-Sharaa=== * ... that the [[United States]] had a $10 million [[bounty (reward)|bounty]] against '''[[Ahmed al-Sharaa]]''', however removed it when he became the [[Syrian transitional government|Syrian transitional]] [[President of Syria|leader]] in [[Fall of Damascus|2024]]? ===Richard Williamson (bishop)=== [[File:Bishop Richard Williamson.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Auxiliary bishop]] '''[[Richard Williamson (bishop)|Richard Williamson]]''' ''(pictured)'' had his [[excommunicated|excommunication]] lifted in 2009 by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] only to be excommunicated again in 2013 for his [[Holocaust denial]] views? ===Charli D'Amelio=== [[File:Charli D'Amelio at KCAs 2023 01.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2020, '''[[Charli D'Amelio]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[TikTok]] celebrity to have a both 50 million followers and 100 million followers? ===January 20–22, 2025 Gulf Coast blizzard=== * ... that the '''[[January 20–22, 2025 Gulf Coast blizzard]]''' was the first recorded [[blizzard]] on the [[Gulf Coast]] ever? ===Scott Bessent=== [[File:Scott Bessent, official portrait (2025) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, [[United States Secretary of the Treasury|U.S. Treasury Secretary]] '''[[Scott Bessent]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the highest-ranking openly [[LGBT|LGBT person]] in [[American history]]? ===Lynn Ban=== * ... that jewelry designer '''[[Lynn Ban]]''' agreed to appear on the [[Netflix]] reality show ''[[Bling Empire: New York]]'' to go against the "[[stereotype]]s of ''[[Crazy Rich Asians (movie)|Crazy Rich Asians]]''"? ===Valerie André=== * ... that in 1976, [[French resistance|resistance]] official '''[[Valerie André]]''' became the first female member of the [[French Army|French military]] to become [[General Officer]]? ===Lluvia de Peces=== * ... that in the small town of [[Honduras|Yoro, Honduras]], residents experience "'''[[Lluvia de Peces]]'''" or "Rain of Fish" annually? ===Belly dance=== *...that in 2006, [[Hamas]] outlawed '''[[Belly dance|bellydancing]]''' because they saw it as [[islam|unislamic]]? ===Second inauguration of Donald Trump=== * ... that the '''[[Second inauguration of Donald Trump|second inauguration of Donald Trump]]''' is the first to be held indoors in the [[United States Capitol]] since [[Ronald Reagan|Ronald Reagan's]] [[Second inauguration of Ronald Reagan|second inauguration in 1985]]? ===Cormac McCarthy=== [[File:Cormac McCarthy (The Orchard Keeper author portrait).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that '''[[Cormac McCarthy]]''' ''(pictured)'', whose novel was [[No Country for Old Men (movie)|made into an Academy Award-winning movie]], was called the "best unknown novelist in [[United States|America]]" and rarely had an [[agent]]? ===Wendell Berry=== * ... that in 2015, '''[[Wendell Berry]]''' became the first living writer to be added to the [[Kentucky Writers Hall of Fame]]? ===January 2025 Southern California wildfires=== * ... that the '''[[January 2025 Southern California wildfires]]''' had multiple [[wildfires]], two of which are the second and fourth most destructive fires in [[California|California's history]]? ===William Shatner=== [[File:William Shatner Biohacker Expo 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2021 at the age of 90, ''[[Star Trek]]'' actor '''[[William Shatner]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the oldest person to fly in [[Outer space|space]]? ===António Guterres=== * ... that in 2017, former [[Prime Minister of Portugal|Portuguese Prime Minister]] '''[[António Guterres]]''' became the first national leader to become [[United Nations Secretary-General]]? ===Mark Rutte=== [[File:Mark Rutte, 23.03.23 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2010, '''[[Mark Rutte]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Liberalism|liberal]] [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands|Dutch prime minister]] since 1918? ===Benjamin Netanyahu=== * ... that in 2019, '''[[Benjamin Netanyahu]]''' became the first sitting [[Prime Minister of Israel|prime minister]] in [[Israel|Israel's]] history to be criminally charged? ===Minnesota=== * ... that the [[United States|U.S. state]] of '''[[Minnesota]]''' got its name from the [[Sioux|Sioux language]], meaning "sky-tinted water" or "cloudy water"? ===Jane Fonda=== [[File:Jane Fonda 1963.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1964, '''[[Jane Fonda]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Americans|American]] actress to have a [[nude|nude scene]] in a foreign movie? ===Valdas Adamkus=== * ... that before becoming [[President of Lithuania]], '''[[Valdas Adamkus]]''' worked for the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]] as a deputy administrator in the 1970s? ===Olivia Rodrigo=== [[File:OlivaRO2150524 (38) (53727178601) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] *...that '''[[Olivia Rodrigo]]''' ''(pictured)'' was inspired by [[Taylor Swift]] to start singing? ===iPhone 14 Pro=== * ... that in 2022, the '''[[iPhone 14 Pro]]''' became the first [[iPhone]] to have an always-on display? ===Karla Sofía Gascón=== [[File:Karla Sofia Gascon at TIFF 2024 the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Karla Sofía Gascón]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[transgender woman]] nominated for a [[Golden Globe Award]] and an [[Academy Award]]? ===Jean-Marie Le Pen=== * ... that in 2015, '''[[Jean-Marie Le Pen]]''' was banned from his own [[National Rally|political party]] by [[Marine Le Pen|his daughter]] after saying good things about the [[gas chamber]]s used in [[The Holocaust]]? ===Wolfgang Schäuble=== * ... that '''[[Wolfgang Schäuble|Wolfgang Schäuble's]]''' 2014 [[budget]] as [[Germany|Germany's]] [[Federal Ministry of Finance (Germany)|Finance Minister]] allowed the country to take on no new [[debt]] for the first time since 1969? ===PewDiePie=== [[File:Pewdiepie head shot.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2016, '''[[PewDiePie]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Youtube]]r to have 50 million subscribers? ===iPhone 8=== * ... that in 2017, the '''[[iPhone 8]]''' became the first [[iPhone]] to have a wireless charger? ===MrBeast=== [[File:CrunchLabs - MrBeast Opened the WRONG BOX!!! (MRus4BCPRyY - 0m28s) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2024, '''[[MrBeast]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the most subscribed [[Youtube]] channel after passing [[T-Series]]? ===iPhone 12 Pro=== * ... that in 2020, the '''[[iPhone 12 Pro]]''' became the first [[iPhone]] to have [[5G]]? ===Pope Clement X=== [[File:Portrait of Pope Clement X, by Giovanni Battista Gaulli (Baciccio) - Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at the age of 79, '''[[Pope Clement X]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the oldest person to be elected [[List of popes|pope]]? ===Ebenezer Scrooge=== * ... that '''[[Ebenezer Scrooge]]''', the main character of ''[[A Christmas Carol]]'', was said to have been inspired by a [[Dutch people|Dutch]] [[grave|gravedigger]]? ===Morris Dees=== [[File:Morris Dees Boston 2015 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that civil rights activist and co-founder of the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]] '''[[Morris Dees]]''' ''(pictured)'' was inspired by [[Atticus Finch]] to become a lawyer? ===Pope Benedict IX=== * ... that '''[[Pope Benedict IX]]''' was likely 12 years old when he became [[List of popes|pope]] and was pope three separate times? ===iPhone 15=== [[File:Apple iPhone 15 Pink (November 1, 2024).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2023, the '''[[IPhone 15|iPhone 15]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[iPhone]] to have a [[USB-C|USB Type C]]? ===Nude calendar=== *... that in 1999, a group of middle-aged Englishwomen posing [[nude]] to raise money for [[leukemia]] research were the first to do a '''[[Nude calendar|nude calendar for charity]]'''? ===Kristrún Frostadóttir=== [[File:Kristrún Frostadóttir 2021.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[2024 Icelandic parliamentary election|2024]] at the age of 36, '''[[Kristrún Frostadóttir]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the youngest [[Prime Minister of Iceland|prime minister]] in [[Iceland|Icelandic history]]? ===Superman (2025 movie)=== * ... that within 24 hours of its release, the [[trailer (movie)|trailer]] for the 2025 [[DC Universe (franchise)|DCU movie]] '''''[[Superman (2025 movie)|Superman]]''''' became the most viewed [[Warner Bros.]] trailer of all time with over 250 million views? ===Manmohan Singh=== [[File:Manmohan Singh 2007.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2004, '''[[Manmohan Singh]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Sikh]] to be elected [[Prime Minister of India]]? ===Chris Hoy=== * ... that six-time Olympic champion cyclist '''[[Chris Hoy]]''' was inspired to cycle at age six because of the 1982 movie ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]''? ===Valkyrae=== [[File:Valkyrae for 100 Thieves (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Valkyrae]]''' ''(pictured)'' has been [[YouTube]]'s most-watched female [[live stream|streamer]] since 2020? ===António Costa=== * ... that '''[[António Costa|António Costa's]]''' time as [[Prime Minister of Portugal]] is the longest of any national leader of the [[Iberian Peninsula]] in the [[21st century]]? ===Dragonfruit=== [[File:Fruits mûrs.JPG|100px|right]] *..that '''[[Dragonfruit|dragonfruits]]''' ''(pictured)'' are the [[fruit]] of a [[cactus]]? ===Pierre Poilievre=== * ... that after being elected to the [[Parliament of Canada]] in [[2004 Canadian federal election|2004]] at the age of 25, future [[Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)|Opposition Leader]] '''[[Pierre Poilievre]]''' was the youngest [[Member of Parliament|MP]] at the time? ===Gracie Abrams=== [[File:Gracie Abrams @ El Rey Theatre 03 05 2022 (52297975314) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that after her song "[[That's So True]]" was number six on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]], '''[[Gracie Abrams]]''' ''(pictured)'' said she wrote the song while [[intoxicated|drunk]]? ===Warren G. Harding=== * ... that in 1922, '''[[Warren G. Harding]]''' became the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to have his voice [[Transmitter|transmitted]] by radio? ===Herbert Hoover=== [[File:President Hoover portrait.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1927 while he was [[United States Secretary of Commerce|Secretary of Commerce]], '''[[Herbert Hoover]]''' ''(pictured)'' appeared on the first public [[demonstration]] of a [[broadcast|television broadcast]] in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===Calvin Coolidge=== * ... that '''[[Calvin Coolidge]]''' was the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to lead a public celebration of the [[Christmas]] holidays? ===Pink elephant=== *..that '''[[Pink elephant|pink elephants]]''' exist because of [[Albinism|albinism]]? ===Franklin Pierce=== [[File:Portrait of Franklin Pierce (by George Peter Alexander Healy, 1853).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that '''[[Franklin Pierce]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to take the [[oath of office]] on a law book instead of the bible? ===William McKinley=== * ... that '''[[William McKinley|William McKinley's]]''' [[inauguration]] was the first to be filmed, making him the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to ever be filmed? ===Michel Barnier=== [[File:Michel Barnier 2020.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2024 at the age of 73, '''[[Michel Barnier]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the oldest [[Prime Minister of France|prime minister]] in the [[French Fifth Republic]]? ===Harry S. Truman=== * ... that in 1945, '''[[Harry S. Truman]]''' became the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] in office to use [[Air Force One|air travel]] within the [[United States|country]]? ===Occupation of the Hainburger Au=== * ... that in 1984, 40,000 people took part in the '''[[Occupation of the Hainburger Au]]''' in [[Vienna]] to [[protest]] against the building of a [[power plant]]? ===Charles Dickens=== [[File:Dickens Gurney head.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Charles Dickens]]''' ''(pictured)'' made less money than expected with the sales of ''[[A Christmas Carol]]'', making £230 instead of his expected £1,000? ===Compulsory sterilization=== *...that to fight [[climate change]], the aid agency of the government of the United Kingdom still supports '''[[Compulsory sterilization|compulsory sterilization]]''' in [[India]]? ===William Henry Harrison=== [[File:William Henry Harrison daguerreotype edit.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that the [[inauguration|inaugural address]] of [[President of the United States|President]] '''[[William Henry Harrison]]''' ''(pictured)'', the first speech of his month-long presidency, is the longest in [[American history]], lasting almost two hours? ===Millard Fillmore=== * ... that in 1851, [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[Millard Fillmore]]''' personally fought a fire at the [[Library of Congress]] and then signed a [[Bill (proposed law)|bill]] to fund all the books destroyed in the fire? ===Zachary Taylor=== [[File:Zachary Taylor restored and cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Zachary Taylor]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the last [[President of the United States]] to own [[slaves]] while he was still in office? ===James Buchanan=== * ... that in 1858, [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[James Buchanan]]''' received the first [[telegram]] sent by the [[Transatlantic telegraph cable]]? ===Holly Cairns=== [[File:Holly Cairns, April 2023 (headshot).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[2020 Irish general election|2020]], future [[Social Democrats (Ireland)|Social Democrats Leader]] '''[[Holly Cairns]]''' ''(pictured)'' ran against her then-boyfriend [[Christopher O'Sullivan]] for a seat in the [[Teachta Dála]]? ===James Monroe=== * ... that '''[[James Monroe]]''' is the only [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] besides [[George Washington]] with a [[Liberia|country's]] [[Monrovia|capital]] named after him? ===Sunflower=== [[File:Helianthus whorl.jpg|right|100px]] *...that the tallest '''[[sunflower]]''' ''(pictured)'' was 9.17 [[metres]] high? ===James A. Garfield=== * ... that [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[James A. Garfield]]''' could write in [[Greek]] with his left [[hand]] and [[Latin]] with his right hand at the same time? ===Antipope Felix V=== [[File:Nuremberg chronicles f 242v 2 (Felix V).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that '''[[Antipope Felix V|Felix V]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the last [[antipope]] in the history of the [[Catholic Church]]? ===Paternalism=== *..that there was a time when [[Ford Motor Company]] checked that their [[employee]]s '''[[Paternalism|regularly went to chuch]]'''? ===Jair Bolsonaro=== [[File:Jair Bolsonaro 2021 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in November 2024, former [[President of Brazil|Brazilian President]] '''[[Jair Bolsonaro]]''' ''(pictured)'' was formally accused by the national police for having knowledge about an [[assassination|assassination plot]] against his [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva|successor]]? ===Chihuahua (dog)=== * ... that the name for '''[[Chihuahua (dog)|Chihuahuas]]''' comes from the [[Na'huatl]] word for "between two waters" and the name is older than the [[Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire|Spanish Conquest of Mexico]]? ===Nancy Reagan=== [[File:Nancy Reagan.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that after [[Ronald Reagan|her husband]] survived an [[Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan|assassination attempt]], [[First Lady of the United States|U.S. First Lady]] '''[[Nancy Reagan]]''' ''(pictured)'' hired an [[astrology|astrologer]] to review and create his schedule to make sure he would be safe? ===Pig=== * ... that '''[[Pig|pigs]]''' have the longest [[orgasm]] in [[mammals]], with an average of 30 minutes, but it can last for as long as 90 minutes? ===The Scream=== [[File:The Scream.jpg||right|100px]] *...that the famous picture, '''''[[The Scream]]''''' ''(pictured)'', is worth 55 million dollars? ===Gotham City=== * ... that '''[[Gotham City]]''', a fictional [[DC Comics]] city, is said to be in [[New Jersey]] and is inspired by [[New York City]], [[Chicago]] and [[London]]? ===Theodore Edgar McCarrick=== [[File:Theodore McCarrick 207-DP-8339A (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2018, '''[[Theodore Edgar McCarrick]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[cardinal (Catholic Church)|Cardinal]] to resign from the [[College of Cardinals]] because of [[sexual abuse]] accusations? ===Brigitte Macron=== * ... that at age 40, '''[[Brigitte Macron|Brigitte Auzière]]''' met her husband, [[Emmanuel Macron]], when he was her 15 year-old student and a classmate of her daughter? ===René Henry Gracida=== * ... that [[bishop]] '''[[René Henry Gracida]]''' [[boycott|boycotted]] [[PepsiCo]] because they used "[[Like a Prayer (song)|Like a Prayer]]" by [[Madonna]] in one of their commercials and thought it was [[Sacrilege|sacrilegious]]? ===Sarah Frey=== [[File:Sarah Frey-Talley (19494902783) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Sarah Frey]]''' ''(pictured)'', who has been called "the Pumpkin Queen of [[United States|America]]", started her [[farm]]ing company at the age of 16? ===Choking game=== *...that a '''[[choking game]]''' is different from [[erotic asphyxiation]], and that most children playing these games do this to get high without taking drugs? ===Harley Quinn=== [[File:Harley Quinn 2015 Calgary Expo – Calgary Comic & Entertainment Expo (17033582449).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[DC Comics]] villain '''[[Harley Quinn]]''' ''(pictured)'' was created for the 1992 series ''[[Batman: The Animated Series]]'' and was only meant to appear in one episode? ===Poison Ivy (character)=== * ... that [[DC Comics]] villain '''[[Poison Ivy (character)|Poison Ivy]]''' was created because there was a need for more female villains on the 1966 series ''[[Batman (TV series)|Batman]]''? ===Catwoman=== [[File:Catwoman cosplayer (33483657440) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Bob Kane|Bob Kane's]] inspirations behind [[DC Comics]] [[antihero]] '''[[Catwoman]]''' ''(pictured)'' included actresses [[Jean Harlow]], [[Hedy Lamarr]], and his own cousin? ===Carmine Falcone=== * ... that [[John Turturro]] refused to play [[DC Comics|comic]] [[mafia|mob boss]] '''[[Carmine Falcone]]''' in TV series ''[[The Penguin (TV series)|The Penguin]]'' because it showed [[violence against women]]? ===Yassamin Ansari=== * ... that [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Yassamin Ansari]]''' was the first [[Iranian Americans|Iranian American]] elected to public office in [[Arizona]] and the second elected to the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Jimmy Carter=== [[File:Words from the President (42757498962) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2024, at the age of 100, former [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[Jimmy Carter]]''' ''(pictured)'' was nominated for a [[Grammy Award]], making him the oldest nominee ever? ===Los Alamos National Laboratory=== * ... that the '''[[Los Alamos National Laboratory]]''', where the [[Manhattan Project]] happened, has almost 900 facilities, thirteen of which are [[Nuclear weapon|nuclear-related]], and costs about $39.1 billion to repair? ===Pear=== [[File:Peer 'Bonne Louise d'Avranches' (Pyrus communis).jpg|right|100px]] *...that there are 3,000 known kinds of '''[[pear]]s''' ''(pictured)'' that are grown worldwide? ===Kemi Badenoch=== [[File:Official portrait of Kemi Badenoch MP crop 2, 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[2024 Conservative Party leadership election|2024]], [[Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party Leader]] '''[[Kemi Badenoch]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Black British|black]] leader of any [[List of political parties in the United Kingdom|major political party]] in the [[United Kingdom]]? ===Popsicle=== *...that the '''[[popsicle]]''' was accidentally made by an eleven-year-old boy named Frank Epperson in 1905? ===Sarah McBride=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Sarah McBride]]''' was elected as the first openly [[transgender]] member of the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]], having already been the first transgender state senator in [[Delaware]]? ===Tulsi Gabbard=== [[File:Tulsi Gabbard, official portrait, 113th Congress (cropped 3).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Tulsi Gabbard]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Samoan Americans|Samoan American]] and the first [[Hindu]] member of the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Miranda Hart=== * ... that in 2017, '''[[Miranda Hart]]''' became the first solo female presenter for the [[Royal Variety Performance]] in 105 years? ===Richard Feynman=== * ... that [[Manhattan Project]] member and [[List of Nobel Prize winners in Physics|Nobel Prize]] winner '''[[Richard Feynman]]''' is said to have helped uncover the reasons behind the [[Space Shuttle Challenger disaster|Space Shuttle ''Challenger'' disaster]]? ===Aella (writer)=== [[File:210919 Aella A Data Driven Approach to Sex Work -hru 3 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Aella (writer)|Aella]]''' ''(pictured)'', one of the highest-earning creators on [[OnlyFans]], also does research about the "[[ecosystem]]" of online [[sex worker]]s? ===Witch child=== *...that even though the practice of '''[[Witch child|killing children suspected of witchcraft]]''' has been done in [[Africa]], children have also been ritually killed in the [[United Kingdom]] for this reason? ===Great Pacific Garbage Patch=== *...that the '''[[Great Pacific Garbage Patch]]''' is at least the size of [[Texas]] and is mostly made of [[ghost net|lost fishing nets]]? ===XXXTentacion=== [[File:XXXTENTACION mugshot 7 14 2016 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that three years after his death, five of '''[[XXXTentacion|XXXTentacion's]]''' ''(pictured)'' unreleased [[SoundCloud]] songs were released as [[Non-fungible token|NFTs]] for charity? ===Mayra Gómez Kemp=== * ... that Cuban-Spanish entertainer '''[[Mayra Gómez Kemp]]''' is believed to be the first woman to host a television quiz show? ===Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō]]''' became the [[Māori King movement|Māori Queen]] at the age of 27, younger than the [[Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani|youngest reigning monarch]] of a [[sovereign nation]]? ===D. B. Cooper=== [[File:DBCooper.jpg|100px|right]] *...that more than fifty years after he jumped from a plane he had [[Aircraft hijacking|hijacked]], '''[[D. B. Cooper|D. B Cooper's]]''' ''(pictured)'' identity is still unknown? === Annalisa === [[File:Annalisa al suo concerto al Forum di Milano.jpg|right|100px]] *...that in 2024, Italian singer '''[[Annalisa]]''' ''(pictured)'' got an [[asteroid]] named after her? ===Reagan (2024 movie)=== * ... that in 2024, [[Facebook]] stopped the biographical movie '''''[[Reagan (2024 movie)|Reagan]]''''' from releasing ads on its platform believing they were trying to impact the [[2024 United States presidential election|2024 U.S. presidential election]]? ===Herbert A. Simon=== * ... that [[economist]] '''[[Herbert A. Simon]]''' is the first person to win a [[Turing Award]] and a [[Nobel Prize]]? ===Han Kang=== [[File:Han Kang - 2017 (cropped).png|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Han Kang]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[South Korea]]n writer and first female writer from [[Asia]] to win the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]? ===Ralph Steinman=== * ... that the [[Nobel Prize|Nobel Committee]] decided that '''[[Ralph Steinman]]''', who died three days before being honored, could keep his [[List of Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine|award]] despite their rule against [[Posthumous award|posthumous recognitions]]? ===Xi Jinping=== [[File:Chinese President Xi May 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Xi Jinping]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party|Chinese leader]] born after the establishment of the [[People's Republic of China]] in 1949? ===Geoffrey Hinton=== * ... that [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel laureate]] '''[[Geoffrey Hinton]]''', who has been called the "godfather of [[Artificial intelligence|AI]]", stopped working for [[Google]] in 2023 to 'freely' talk about the risks of [[AI]]? ===Narendra Modi=== [[File:PM Modi Portrait(cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2014, '''[[Narendra Modi]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Prime Minister of India|Indian prime minister]] to be born after the [[India|country's]] [[Independence Day (India)|independence]] from the [[British Empire]]? ===Donald Sutherland=== * ... that '''[[Donald Sutherland]]''' agreed to play [[Coriolanus Snow]] in ''[[The Hunger Games (movie)|The Hunger Games]]'' because he wanted younger viewers to start a [[Revolution|revolutionary movement]] in the [[United States]]? ===Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands=== [[File:Willem-Alexander Claus George Ferdinand (Isaac Herzog visit to the Netherlands) Portrait.jpeg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2013, '''[[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|King Willem-Alexander]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[List of monarchs of the Netherlands|male monarch]] of [[the Netherlands]] since 1890? ===Dick Schoof=== * ... that in August 2024, [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands|Dutch Prime Minister]] '''[[Dick Schoof]]''' banned members of his [[cabinet]] from using cellphones during meetings to stop the threat of [[espionage]]? ===Amazing Grace=== * ... that the new [[verse]]s in '''"[[Amazing Grace]]"''' that [[Harriet Beecher Stowe]] wrote in ''[[Uncle Tom's Cabin]]'' were passed down in [[African-American]] communities and churches? ===Sabrina Carpenter=== [[File:Sabrina Carpenter - O2 Arena 2025 - 049 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Sabrina Carpenter]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first female artist to hold the number one and two positions on the [[UK Singles Chart|UK singles chart]] for three weeks in a row? ===Sir William Ramsay=== * ... that after discovering [[helium]], [[neon]], [[argon]], [[krypton]], and [[xenon]], '''[[William Ramsay|Sir William Ramsay]]''' helped make [[noble gas]]es a new group in the [[periodic table]]? ===Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki=== * ... that there were about 160 people who were present and survived both of the '''[[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki]]'''? ===Krypton=== *...that the [[chemical element|element]] '''[[Krypton]]''' was found in 1898, but it took over 60 years to find a [[chemical compound]] of Krypton? ===Bernard Hill=== [[File:Bernard Hill cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Bernard Hill]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the only actor to appear in two of the three movies with the most [[Academy Awards]] of all time? ===Teddy bear=== * ... that '''[[Teddy bear|teddy bears]]''' are named after [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[Theodore Roosevelt|Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt]] because he refused to kill a [[bear]] during a hunting event? ===John Hickenlooper=== * ... that before becoming [[Colorado|Colorado's]] [[Governor of Colorado|governor]] and [[United States Senate|senator]], '''[[John Hickenlooper]]''' opened the state's first [[brewpub]]? ===Al Capone=== [[File:Al Capone in 1930.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that a few years after he was released from [[prison]], '''[[Al Capone]]''' ''(pictured)'' had the mental capacity of a 12-year-old even though he was over 40 years old? ===Denver=== * ... that '''[[Denver]]''' is [[nickname]]d the "Mile High City" because its official [[elevation]] is exactly one mile [[above sea level]]? ===Manila=== * ... that '''[[Manila]]''' was established as a [[Muslim]] settlement in the 13th century and later as a Spanish [[colony|colonial]] city in 1571? ===Shigeru Ishiba=== [[File:Ishiba Shigeru 20241001 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1986, future [[Prime Minister of Japan|Japanese Prime Minister]] '''[[Shigeru Ishiba]]''' ''(pictured)'' was elected to the [[House of Representatives (Japan)|House of Representatives]] at age 29, becoming the youngest House member at the time? ===Moulin Rouge=== * ... that about 800 bottles of [[Champagne (wine)|champagne]] are consumed during a typical day at the '''[[Moulin Rouge]]''', likely making it the largest single consumer of champagne in the world? ===Kesaria Abramidze=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Kesaria Abramidze]]''', the first person in the country [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] to admit to being [[transgender]], was murdered a day after the country passed an anti-[[LGBTQ+]] [[Bill (proposed law)|bill]]? ===Ana Brnabić=== [[File:Ana Brnabić 2023.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2017, '''[[Ana Brnabić]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first woman and the first openly [[gay]] person elected as [[Prime Minister of Serbia|Serbian Prime Minister]]? ===Lee Grant=== * ... that '''[[Lee Grant]]''' is the only [[Academy Award]]-winning actor to also direct an Academy Award-winning [[documentary]]? ===Droupadi Murmu=== * ... that '''[[Droupadi Murmu]]''' is the first person born after [[India|India's]] [[Indian independence movement|independence]] in 1947 to have been [[2022 Indian presidential election|elected]] [[President of India|president]]? ===Anna Kendrick=== [[File:Anna Kendrick May 2016.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1998, '''[[Anna Kendrick]]''' ''(pictured)'' was nominated for the [[Tony Award|Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical]] at the age of 12? ===Sophie Wells=== * ... that, even though she won ten [[Paralympic Games|Paralympic]] medals in [[para-equestrian|equestrian]], '''[[Sophie Wells]]''' is [[allergy|allergic]] to horses? ===Anne Hathaway=== * ... that [[Academy Award]]-winning actress '''[[Anne Hathaway]]''' originally wanted to be a [[Catholic]] [[nun]]? ===Otis Davis=== [[File:Otis Davis (1960).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[1960 Summer Olympics|1960]], '''[[Otis Davis]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first man to break the 45-second barrier during a [[400 metres|400 m event]] at the [[Summer Olympics]]? ===Margot Robbie=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Margot Robbie]]''' was named by ''[[Forbes]]'' as the world's highest-paid actress in 2023, with earnings of $78 million? ===Nestor Makhno=== [[File:1921. Нестор Махно в лагере для перемещенных лиц в Румынии (cropped).jpg|100px|right]] *...that '''[[Nestor Makhno]]''' ''(pictured)'' fought against both the [[White Army]] and the [[Red Army]] during the [[Russian Civil War]]? ===Montgomery Bus Boycott=== *...that in 1955, [[Rosa Parks]] was [[arrest]]ed, because she did not give up a '''[[Montgomery bus boycott|seat in a public bus]]'''? ===Audrey Hepburn=== [[File:Audrey Hepburn Roman Holiday cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Audrey Hepburn]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first actress to win an [[Academy Award]], a [[Golden Globe Award]] and a [[BAFTA Award]] for the same role? ===Sir John Gielgud=== * ... that in 1991 at the age of 87, '''[[John Gielgud|Sir John Gielgud]]''' became the oldest [[List of EGOT winners|EGOT winner]] and the first [[LGBT]] person to become one? ===Rita Moreno=== [[File:Rita Moreno in 2000.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Rita Moreno]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Latin America]]n woman to win an [[Academy Award]]? ===The Crown (TV series)=== * ... that the [[Netflix]] [[Emmy Award]]-winning series '''''[[The Crown (TV series)|The Crown]]''''' is an adaptation of the [[West End theatre|West End]] stage play ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]''? === Clipperton Island === *... that '''[[Clipperton Island]]''' has a [[France|French]] [[postal code]], even though [[Desert island|no one lives there]]? ===Richard Rodgers=== [[File:Rodgers.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that American composer '''[[Richard Rodgers]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first person to win [[List of EGOT winners|an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar and a Tony Award]]? ===Parasite (2019 movie)=== * ... that the 2019 [[Korean language]] movie '''''[[Parasite (2019 movie)|Parasite]]''''' was the first non-English movie to win the [[Academy Award for Best Picture]]? === Galápagos Islands === [[File:Galapagos+map.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the '''[[Galápagos Islands]]''' ''(pictured)'' of [[Ecuador]] are famous for inspiring [[Charles Darwin]]'s theory of [[evolution]] by [[natural selection]]? ===Alex Jennings=== * ... that '''[[Alex Jennings]]''' is the only actor to have won the [[Laurence Olivier Award|Olivier Award]]s in the drama, musical and comedy categories? ===James Earl Jones=== [[File:James Earl Jones Baltimore.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1991, '''[[James Earl Jones]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first actor to win two [[Emmy Award]]s in the same year? ===Jeffrey Titford=== * ... that former [[UK Independence Party|UKIP Leader]] '''[[Jeffrey Titford]]''', who was called "the father of [[Brexit]]", was a [[funeral director]] before starting politics? ===Peter Dutton=== * ... that in 2022, [[Leader of the Opposition (Australia)|Australian Opposition Leader]] '''[[Peter Dutton]]''' became the first [[Liberal Party of Australia#Federal Parliamentary Leaders of the Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal Party Leader]] to come from [[Queensland]]? === Koala === [[File:Koala climbing tree.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the '''[[koala]]''' ''(pictured)'' sleeps up to 20 hours a [[day]] because its eucalyptus leaf [[diet]] provides little [[energy]]? ===Mahathir Mohamad=== * ... that in 2018, when '''[[Mahathir Mohamad]]''' became the [[Prime Minister of Malaysia|Malaysian Prime Minister]] again at the age of 92, he also became the world's oldest serving state leader? === Statue of Liberty === [[File:Statue of Liberty 7.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the '''[[Statue of Liberty]]''' ''(pictured)'' was a gift from [[France]] to the [[United States]] in 1886 to celebrate [[United States Declaration of Independence|100 years of independence]]? === Shark === [[File:Great white shark south africa.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that '''[[shark]]s''' ''(pictured)'' have been around for over 400 million years, long before [[dinosaur]]s appeared? ===Ny-Ålesund=== *...that the most northerly [[post office]] in the world is in '''[[Ny-Ålesund]]'''? ===Po (river)=== [[File:View of the Po from Turin.jpg|right|100px]] *...that the '''[[Po (river)|Po River]]''' ''(pictured)'' stretches through five [[Italy|Italian]] cities? ===Lightning=== *...that a bolt of '''[[lightning]]''' can reach [[temperature]]s hotter than the surface of the [[sun]]? ===George VI=== [[File:H.R.H. King George VI and Queen Elizabeth visit the Canadian Pavilion at the World's Fair (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1939, '''[[George VI]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[reign]]ing [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|British monarch]] to visit the [[United States]]? ===Lord Mountbatten=== * ... that many historians believe that in 1968, '''[[Lord Mountbatten]]''', uncle of [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Philip]], was planning a [[coup d'état]] against [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]] [[Harold Wilson]]? ===Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon=== * ... that '''[[Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon]]''' was the first member of the [[British royal family|royal family]] in direct line of succession to be born in [[Scotland]] since the 1600s? ===Diana, Princess of Wales=== [[File:Princess Diana at Accord Hospice.png|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Diana, Princess of Wales]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first [[English people|Englishwoman]] to marry the [[Heir apparent|first-in-line]] to the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|British throne]] since the 1680s? ===Slave breeding in the United States=== *...that when [[slave]] [[import]]s to the [[United States]] were not allowed at the beginning of the 19th century, slaves were '''[[Slave breeding in the United States|bred like cattle]]'''? ===Pope=== *...that the '''[[Pope]]''' cannot be an [[organ donor]]? ===Traffic light=== [[File:東日本大震災から半年後の仙台８ Six Months after The East Japan Earthquake in Sendai8 (8561424208).jpg|right|100px]] *...the '''[[traffic light|traffic lights]]''' are [[blue]] in [[Japan]] ''(pictured)'' because ''ao'' in [[Japanese language|Japanese]] means both [[green]] or blue? ===Tea=== * ... that the country that is '''[[tea|tea's]]''' biggest maker and drinker is [[India]]? ===Concert=== * ... that the [[world]]’s longest '''[[concert]]''' lasted 453 [[hour]]s? ===Rodolfo Hernández Suárez=== * ... that [[Colombia]]n businessman '''[[Rodolfo Hernández Suárez]]''' refused to pay the [[ransom]] of his daughter's kidnapping by a [[Guerrilla warfare|guerrilla group]], citing his family's safety for not paying it? ===Edward VIII=== * ... that historians believe that [[Adolf Hitler]] was ready to make '''[[Edward VIII]]''' the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|king]] again to create a [[fascist]] [[Britain|British]] [[puppet government]] after [[Operation Sea Lion]] in 1940? ===Enceladus=== [[File:PIA17202-SaturnMoon-Enceladus-ApproachingFlyby-20151028.jpg|right|100px]] *...that [[Saturn]]'s moon '''[[Enceladus (moon)|Enceladus]]''' ''(pictured)'' reflects almost all the sunlight it gets, making it the most reflective moon in the [[Solar System]]? ===Kendall Jenner=== * ... that in 2017, '''[[Kendall Jenner]]''' was named the world's highest-paid model by ''[[Forbes]]'', beating model [[Gisele Bündchen]], who had been leading the list for more than 14 years? ===Uranus=== [[File:Uranus as seen by NASA's Voyager 2 (remastered).png|right|100px]] *...that the planet '''[[Uranus]]''' ''(pictured)'' rotates 98 degrees on its side? ===Alfonso Espinosa de los Monteros=== * ... that [[Ecuador]]ian news anchor '''[[Alfonso Espinosa de los Monteros]]''' holds the [[Guinness World Records|Guinness World Record]] for "longest career as a television news broadcaster" for his 56-year-career? ===Titan (moon)=== [[File:Titan in true color.jpg|100px|right]] *...that '''[[Titan (moon)|Titan]]''' ''(pictured)'' may have forms of life in its subsurface oceans? ===Ke Huy Quan=== * ... that in 2023, '''[[Ke Huy Quan]]''', a [[refugee]] of the [[Vietnam War]], became the first [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]]-born actor to win an [[Academy Award]]? ===Peggy Flanagan=== * ... that in 2019, [[Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota]] '''[[Peggy Flanagan]]''' became the highest ranking [[Native American]] woman elected to office in the [[United States]]? ===Chicago Water Tower=== * ... that the '''[[Chicago Water Tower]]''' is the only public tower to survive the [[Great Chicago Fire]] in 1871? ===Sir Shridath Ramphal=== * ... that during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], at age 92, former [[Commonwealth Secretary-General]] '''[[Shridath Ramphal|Sir Shridath Ramphal]]''' was the first lawyer to appear virtually before the [[International Court of Justice]]? ===Broccoli=== [[File:Broccoli and cross section edit.jpg |right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[broccoli]]''' ''(pictured)'' was introduced to [[England]] and the [[United States]] between 1800 and 1900? ===Klein bottle=== *...that true '''[[Klein bottle|Klein bottles]]''' cannot be filled with a [[liquid]]? ===Orange=== [[File:OrangeBloss wb.jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[orange (fruit)|oranges]]''' ''(pictured)'' are one of the few English words that do not rhyme? ===Advance-fee scam=== *...that even though they are common today, the first '''[[advance-fee scam|advance-fee scams]]''' started in the [[18th century]]? ===Apple=== [[File:95apple.jpeg|right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[apple]]s''' ''(pictured)'' were possibly the earliest tree to be [[Farming|cultivated]]? ===Taj Mahal=== [[File:Taj Mahal, Agra, India edit3.jpg|100x100px|right]] *... that the '''[[Taj Mahal]]''' ''(pictured)'' was built by [[Mughal dynasty|Emperor]] [[Shah Jahan]] as a [[mausoleum]] for his wife [[Mumtaz Mahal]]? ===Glasgow=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Glasgow]]''' opened the [[United Kingdom|United Kingdom's]] first official [[Consumerism|consumption]] room for [[illegal drugs]] including [[heroin]] and [[cocaine]]? ===Mona Lisa=== [[File:Mona Lisa, by Leonardo da Vinci, from C2RMF retouched.jpg|100x100px|right]] *...that some believe that the '''''[[Mona Lisa]]''''' ''(pictured)'' has no [[eyebrow]]s because they were accidentally removed during a [[Conservation (art)|restoration]]? ===Photograph (Ed Sheeran song)=== * ... that in 2016, [[Ed Sheeran]] was [[lawsuit|sued]] for $20 million over his song '''"[[Photograph (Ed Sheeran song)|Photograph]]"''' because he was accused of [[copyright infringement]] by the songwriters of "[[Amazing (Matt Cardle song)|Amazing]]"? ===Cheetah=== [[File:Gepardjagt1 (Acinonyx jubatus).jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that the '''[[cheetah]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the fastest land [[animal]], capable of running at speeds up to 75 miles per hour in less than 3 seconds? ===L'Origine du monde=== *...that in 2007, [[postcard]]s showing '''[[L'Origine du monde]]''' were the second-most popular in the [[Musée d'Orsay]]? ===Jill Biden=== [[File:Jill Biden 2024 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at the age of 69, '''[[Jill Biden]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the oldest woman to serve as [[First Lady of the United States]] and the first [[Italian American]] first lady? ===Doug Emhoff=== * ... that before becoming the first [[Second Gentleman of the United States]], '''[[Doug Emhoff]]''' was an entertainment lawyer and represented [[Walmart]] and [[Merck & Co.]]? ===Kamala Harris=== * ... that after 24 hours of '''[[Kamala Harris]]''' announcing her [[Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign|presidential campaign]], she raised $81 million in small-dollar donations, the highest of any candidate in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===Felipe VI=== [[File:Felipe VI in 2023.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Felipe VI]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Monarchy of Spain|Spanish monarch]] to receive and recognize [[LGBT]] organisations at a [[Royal Palace of El Pardo|royal palace]]? ===Silvio Santos=== * ... that '''[[Silvio Santos]]''' hosted his own [[variety show]] from 1963 until 2023 and was called the "greatest personality in the history of [[Brazil]]ian television"? ===Bajrakitiyabha=== [[File:Princess Bajrakitiyabha.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Bajrakitiyabha|Princess Bajrakitiyabha]]''' ''(pictured)'', who was thought to be the next-in-line to the [[Monarchy of Thailand|throne of Thailand]], has been in a [[coma]] since December 2022? ===Daniela Bianchi=== * ... that Italian model and [[Bond girl]] '''[[Daniela Bianchi]]''' was [[Dubbing (filmmaking)|dubbed over]] in ''[[From Russia with Love]]'' by British actress [[Barbara Jefford]] because of her "heavy" accent? === Flamingo === [[File:James's Flamingo mating ritual.jpg|100x100px|right]] *...that a group of '''[[flamingo]]s''' ''(pictured)'' is called a flamboyance? === Shrimp === *... that a '''[[shrimp]]''''s [[heart]] is in its [[head]]? === Giant Panda === [[File:Giant Panda 2004-03-2.jpg|right|100x100px]] * ... that the '''[[giant panda|giant panda's]]''' ''(pictured)'' [[diet]] is 99% [[bamboo]]? === Anglo-Zanzibar War === *... that the shortest [[war]] in history, the '''[[Anglo-Zanzibar War]]''' in 1896, lasted only 38 to 45 minutes? === Hummingbird === [[File:Purple-throated carib hummingbird feeding.jpg|100x100px|right]] *... that '''[[hummingbird]]s''' ''(pictured)'' are the only [[bird]]s that can fly backwards? ===India naming dispute=== *...that '''[[India naming dispute|the name 'India']]''' was first used by the [[Greeks]] to refer specifically to the [[Sindh|Lower Indus Valley]] in [[ancient Pakistan]]? ===Lettuce=== [[Image:Romaine lettuce.jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[lettuce]]''' ''(pictured)'' was one of the first plants brought to America by [[Christopher Columbus]]? ===Royal Air Force=== * ... that the '''[[Royal Air Force]]''' is the oldest [[air force]] in the world? ===Acid rain=== * ... that '''[[acid rain]]''' was a term first used in 1872? ===Lauren Underwood=== [[File:Lauren Underwood official portrait.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2019, at the age of 32, [[registered nurse]] '''[[Lauren Underwood]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the youngest [[African American|Black woman]] to serve in the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Michael Keaton=== * ... that because of [[Screen Actors Guild|SAG]] rules, '''[[Michael Keaton|Michael John Douglas]]''' had to change his name by searching a phone book under "K," saw "Keaton" and decided to pick it as his [[surname]]? ===Jesse Jackson=== * ... that in 1983, [[American Civil Rights Movement|civil rights activist]] '''[[Jesse Jackson]]''' became the first [[African American]] since the [[Reconstruction era]] to address the [[Alabama Legislature]]? ===Paetongtarn Shinawatra=== * ... that in 2024, at the age of 37, '''[[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]]''' became the youngest [[Prime Minister of Thailand|prime minister]] in [[Thailand|Thailand's]] history? ===Kangaroo=== [[File:Kangur.rudy.drs.jpg |right|100x100px]] *...that a female '''[[kangaroo]]''' ''(pictured)'' has three [[vagina]]s? ===Speed dating=== * ... that almost half of the women, and about a quarter of the men participating in '''[[speed dating]]''' make their choice within 30 seconds of meeting the other person? ===Bhumibol Adulyadej=== [[File:King Bhumibol Adulyadej 2010-9-29.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at 70 years, '''[[Bhumibol Adulyadej]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the longest [[Reign|reigning]] [[Monarchy of Thailand|Thai monarch]] and the longest of an independent [[Asian]] sovereign? ===Srettha Thavisin=== * ... that at {{convert|1.92|m|ftin}} tall, former [[Prime Minister of Thailand|Thai Prime Minister]] '''[[Srettha Thavisin]]''' was the tallest leader within [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations|ASEAN]]? ===Yingluck Shinawatra=== [[File:9153ri-Yingluck Shinawatra.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2011, '''[[Yingluck Shinawatra]]''' ''(pictured)'' became [[Thailand|Thailand's]] first female [[Prime Minister of Thailand|prime minister]] and its youngest in 60 years? ===Octopus=== *...that '''[[octopus]]es''' have three [[heart]]s; two for the [[gill]]s and one for the rest of the body? ===Spaghetti=== *...that a single [[strand]] of '''[[spaghetti]]''' is called a "spaghetto"? ===Eraser=== *...that before the 1700s, people used wet [[bread]] as '''[[erasers]]'''? ===Number=== *...that no '''[[number]]''' before 1,000 contains the [[letter]] [[A]]? ===Pluto=== *...that the [[ratio]] between the [[masses]] of '''[[Pluto]]''' and its moon [[Charon]] is so great that it is sometimes called a binary system? ===Maho Beach=== [[File:747-400 City of Bangkok landing at Princess Juliana 11-27-2012b.jpg|right|110px]] * ... that '''[[Maho Beach]]''' ''(pictured)'', in [[Saint Martin|Saint Martin island]], is directly across an [[Princess Juliana International Airport|airport]] and [[Fixed-wing aircraft|airplanes]] can be about 100 feet above beach goers? ===Buenos Aires=== *... that in 2005, '''[[Buenos Aires]]''' became the first [[UNESCO]] City of Design because of the city's [[architecture]] and [[fashion design|fashion design culture]]? ===Susan Wojcicki=== * ... that former CEO of [[YouTube]] '''[[Susan Wojcicki]]''' also helped create [[Google]] when she [[Renting|rented]] her garage as an office for the company's founders in 1998? ===Christopher Plummer=== * ... that '''[[Christopher Plummer]]''' is the only [[Canadians|Canadian]] actor to have won the "[[Triple Crown of Acting]]"? ===Haumea (dwarf planet)=== [[File:Haumea rotation with ring.gif|right|100x100px]] *...that because the [[dwarf planet]] '''[[Haumea (dwarf planet)|Haumea]]''' (''pictured'') was discovered shortly after [[Christmas]], it was originally called Santa? ===Titan=== * ...that [[Saturn]]'s biggest moon '''[[Titan (moon)|Titan]]''' could possibly have a subsurface [[ocean]]? ===Venus=== [[File:Venus from Mariner 10.jpg |right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[Venus]]''' ''(pictured)'' is called Earth's evil twin because it has [[sulphuric acid]] in its [[clouds]]? ===Lavinia Fontana=== [[File:Lavinia Fontana - Autoritratto (ca. 1577-85).jpg|100px|right]] *...that '''[[Lavinia Fontana]]''' (''self-portrait shown''), a 16th century painter, may have been the first woman to paint female [[nude (art)|nudes]]? ===Strawberry=== *... that [[Botany|botanically]] speaking, [[bananas]] are berries, but '''[[Strawberry|strawberries]]''' are not? ===Blood=== *...that there are traces of [[gold]] found in '''[[blood]]''' in the human body? ===Kangaroo rat=== [[File:kangaroo-rat.jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that the [[Nocturnal animals|nocturnal]] [[rodent]] the '''[[Kangaroo rat]]''' ''(pictured)'' has more efficient [[kidney]]s than humans do? ===Tokyo=== * ... that '''[[Tokyo]]''' started as a small fishing village known as [[Edo]] in the 1400s? ===Beijing=== * ... that throughout its history, '''[[Beijing]]''' was the [[China|Chinese]] capital six times? ===Michèle George=== [[File:Michle-george-1352493767.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[equestrianism|equestrian]] '''[[Michèle George]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first winner of a gold medal in [[para-dressage]] for [[Belgium]]? ===Tim Walz=== * ... that in 2007, then-[[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Tim Walz]]''' became the highest-ranking retired [[Enlisted rank|enlisted soldier]] ever to serve in [[United States Congress|Congress]]? ===Sir Lawrence Bragg=== [[File:Wl-bragg.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at age 25, physicist '''[[Lawrence Bragg|Sir Lawrence Bragg]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the youngest person to win a [[Nobel Prize]]? ===Guinea pig=== *... that the term '''[[Guinea pig]]''' is [[slang]] for being the first to try something? ===Taylor Swift=== [[File:Taylor Swift at the Golden Globes 2024 (Enhanced, cropped) 1.jpg |right|100px]] * ... that thirteen-time [[Grammy Awards]] winner '''[[Taylor Swift]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first musician to become a [[billionaire]] based on songs and performances as their [[revenue]]? ===Pete Buttigieg=== * ... that [[United States Secretary of Transportation|U.S. Transportation Secretary]] '''[[Pete Buttigieg]]''' is the first openly [[gay]] individual and first [[millennial]] to be a member of the [[United States Cabinet|U.S. Cabinet]]? ===Berlin=== * ... that '''[[Berlin]]''' is the only city in the world that hosts three [[opera house]]s? ===Janet Yellen=== * ... that '''[[Janet Yellen]]''' is the first person in [[History of the United States|American history]] to lead the three most powerful economic bodies in the [[Federal government]]: the [[United States Department of the Treasury|Treasury Department]], the [[Federal Reserve]], and the [[Council of Economic Advisers]]? ===Hakeem Jeffries=== [[File:Rep-Hakeem-Jeffries-Official-Portrait.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Hakeem Jeffries]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[African-American]] to serve as a [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|congressional party leader]]? ===Truman Show delusion=== *... that the '''[[Truman Show delusion|''Truman Show'' delusion]]''' is named after [[The Truman Show|the movie with the same name]], because some of the first patients said it provided a good description of what the condition felt like? ===Makemake (dwarf planet)=== [[File:Makemake and its moon.jpg|right|100px]] * ...that the [[dwarf planet]] '''[[Makemake (dwarf planet)|Makemake]]''' ''(pictured)'' used to be called [[Easter Bunny]] when it was first found? ===Depression (mental illness)=== * ... several scientific studies have found a link between '''[[Depression (mental illness)|depression]]''' and [[pesticide]]s? ===Charles Darwin=== * ... that while studying at [[Christ's College, Cambridge]], '''[[Charles Darwin]]''' formed a club called "the Gourmet Club" in which he would eat [[Exotic pet|exotic animals]]? ===Rome=== * ... that at 1,500 [[fountain]]s, '''[[Rome]]''' has the most fountains of any city in the world? ===Priti Patel=== [[File:Priti Patel Official Cabinet Portrait, September 2021 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2019, '''[[Priti Patel]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[British Indians|British Indian]] to serve as [[Home Secretary]]? ===Toronto=== * ... that in 2021, 51% of '''[[Toronto]]''' residents were born outside [[Canada]] with 45% of the city's residents speaking a [[First language|first language]] other than French or English? ===Madrid=== * ... that '''[[Madrid|Madrid's]]''' name comes from the [[Arabic]] word ''magerit'', meaning “place of many [[stream]]s"? ===Joe Biden=== [[File:President Joe Biden delivers remarks from the Oval Office (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2024, '''[[Joe Biden]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[incumbent]] [[President of the United States|president]] in [[History of the United States|American history]] to [[Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election|withdraw from reelection]] since [[1968 United States presidential election|1968]]? ===Romance Scam=== *...that people lose more money to '''[[romance scam]]s''' than to other similar types of [[scam]]? ===Rachel Reeves=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Rachel Reeves]]''' became the first female [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]]? ===Deb Haaland=== [[File:Deb Haaland official portrait, 116th congress 2 (1).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2021, [[United States Secretary of the Interior|Interior Secretary]] '''[[Deb Haaland]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Native American]] [[Cabinet of the United States|Cabinet secretary]] in [[History of the United States|U.S. history]]? ===Amsterdam=== * ... that '''[[Amsterdam]]''' sits at two meters below [[sea level]] and is built on soft [[peat]] and [[clay]] in order to stay above water? ===Rio de Janeiro=== * ... that '''[[Rio de Janeiro]]''' is named for a river that does not exist after [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] [[explorer]]s mistook an [[Bay|oceanic bay]] for a river? ===Sexual slavery=== *...that estimates of the number of '''[[sexual slavery|sex slaves]]''' in 2001 varied between 400,000 and 1.75 million? ===Potsdam=== * ... that '''[[Potsdam]]''' was intended as "a picturesque, [[Pasture|pastoral]] dream" which would remind its people of their relationship with [[nature]] and reason? ===Myriam Spiteri Debono=== * ... that [[President of Malta]] '''[[Myriam Spiteri Debono]]''' is a [[technophobia|technophobe]] and uses her husband's [[email]] account for official duties? ===Cheng Pei-pei=== [[File:Cheng Pei Pei (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Chinese people|Chinese]] actress '''[[Cheng Pei-pei]]''' ''(pictured)'', who was nicknamed the "Queen of [[Kung-fu|Kung Fu]]", was thought to be cinema's first female [[Action movie|action]] hero? ===We Didn't Start the Fire (Fall Out Boy song)=== * ... that the 2023 song '''"[[We Didn't Start the Fire (Fall Out Boy song)|We Didn't Start the Fire]]"''', which covers popular events from 1989 to 2023, did not mention the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] because it could not [[rhyme]] with ''[[Bush v. Gore]]''? ===JD Vance=== * ... that [[Vice President of the United States]] '''[[JD Vance]]''' is the first [[millennial]] to be on a presidential ticket of a major party in the [[United States]]? ===Sir Keir Starmer=== [[File:Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer Official Portrait (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that the [[Cabinet of the United Kingdom|cabinet]] of [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]] '''[[Keir Starmer|Sir Keir Starmer]]''' ''(pictured)'' has the most female ministers in the [[United Kingdom|country's]] history? ===Stanford prison experiment=== <!--[[File:SPE1971-prisoner-breaks-down.jpg|100px|right]]--> *...that the '''[[Stanford prison experiment]]''' was stopped after six days, because guards had started to [[torture]] prisoners? ===Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania=== * ... that within one day of [[Donald Trump|Donald Trump's]] '''[[Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania|attempted assassination]]''' in [[Pennsylvania]], [[Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign|his campaign]] raised over $2 million for his supporters who were hurt or killed in the shooting? ===Dennis Skinner=== * ... that '''[[Dennis Skinner]]''' was [[:wikt:suspension|suspended]] from the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|British Parliament]] at least ten times for calling members inappropriate names including former [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] [[David Cameron]]? ===Phoenix, Arizona=== * ... that '''[[Phoenix, Arizona]]''' is the most populated [[state capital]] of the [[United States]]? ===Masoud Pezeshkian=== [[File:Masoud Pezeshkian, 2024-6-12 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that before entering politics, [[President of Iran]] '''[[Masoud Pezeshkian]]''' ''(pictured)'' was a heart [[surgeon]]? ===Enumclaw horse sex case=== * … that one of the most read articles of ''[[The Seattle Times]]'' in 2005 was about a man who died after '''[[Enumclaw horse sex case|having sex with a horse]]'''? ===Steven Chu=== * ... that former [[United States Secretary of Energy|U.S. Secretary of Energy]] '''[[Steven Chu]]''' became the first [[Nobel Prize]] winner to have a position in the [[United States Cabinet|U.S. Cabinet]] in 2009? ===Robert Pickton=== * ... that [[serial killer]] '''[[Robert Pickton]]''' told an [[Covert operation|undercover officer]] that he killed 49 people and wished he killed one more to make it an "even fifty"? ===Blanche Lincoln=== [[File:Blanche Lincoln, 2007.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at the age of 38, '''[[Blanche Lincoln]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the youngest woman ever elected to the [[United States Senate]]? ===Devil=== * ... that in the [[Koran]], the '''[[Devil]]''' often appears as an animal and tries to get people to do the wrong thing? ===Anti-tobacco movement in Nazi Germany=== *...that when they found a link between [[smoking]] and [[lung cancer]] in 1940, the [[Nazi]]s created the '''[[Anti-tobacco movement in Nazi Germany|first anti-smoking campaign]]''' in modern history? ===Gregory Peck=== * ... that [[Academy Award]]-winning actor '''[[Gregory Peck]]''' said that he was almost offered the [[ambassador|ambassadorship]] to [[Ireland]] by President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]? ===Gabriel García Márquez=== [[File:Gabriel Garcia Marquez2 (2009).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Colombia]]n [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] winner '''[[Gabriel García Márquez]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the most-[[translation|translated]] Spanish-language author? ===Dixy Lee Ray=== * ... that '''[[Dixy Lee Ray]]''', the first female [[Governor of Washington]], was also the youngest girl to [[summit]] [[Mount Rainier]]? === India === *...that the name '''[[India]]''' comes from the [[Indus River]], which is located mostly in [[Pakistan]] and is the [[National symbols of Pakistan|national river]] of the country? ===Claudia Sheinbaum=== * ... that [[President of Mexico|President-elect of Mexico]] '''[[Claudia Sheinbaum]]''' was a member of the [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]] when they won a [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in 2007? ===Katherine Johnson=== [[File:NASA human computers - Katherine Coleman Goble Johnson.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Katherine Johnson]]''' ''(pictured)'' was called one of the first [[African-American]] women to work as a [[NASA]] scientist? ===Buzz Aldrin=== * ... that when '''[[Buzz Aldrin]]''' walked on the [[Moon]] during the [[Apollo 11]] mission, he took [[Eucharist|communion]] and became the first and only person to hold a religious ceremony on the Moon? ===Françoise Hardy=== [[File:FrancoiseHardy-1967-Venise-ReportagePhoto.png|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Françoise Hardy]]''' ''(pictured)'', a popular singer of the [[Yé-yé]] style of music, was also an [[astrology|astrologist]] and wrote books about it? ===Mason–Dixon line=== *...that [[surveyor]]s were hired to fix the border between [[Maryland]] and [[Pennsylvania]], after people had become tired of the '''[[Mason–Dixon line|violence between the two colonies]]'''? ===Ronald Reagan=== * ... that after [[Korean Air Lines Flight 007]] was shot down in 1983, [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[Ronald Reagan]]''' announced that the American military's [[GPS]] would be allowed for [[civilian]] use? ===Seven Nation Army=== * ... that when [[Jack White]] created the [[riff]] for '''"[[Seven Nation Army]]"''', he wanted it used for a [[James Bond]] theme, however he decided to make it into a separate song because he thought that would never happen? ===John Quincy Adams=== * ... that [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[John Quincy Adams]]''', who led the fight against [[slavery]] in [[United States Congress|Congress]], was fluent in [[Latin]] and [[French language|French]]? ===Carl Sagan=== [[File:Carl Sagan Planetary Society cropped.png|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Carl Sagan]]''' ''(pictured)'' said that smoking [[cannabis]] helped him in writing his books? ===Vegetable=== * ... that in 1893 the [[United States Supreme Court]] declared that the [[fruit]] [[Tomato]] is a '''[[vegetable]]''' for [[taxation]] purposes? ===Adolf Hitler=== * ... that according to historians, '''[[Adolf Hitler]]''' had only one [[testicle]]? ===Ebrahim Raisi=== * ... that former [[President of Iran|President]] '''[[Ebrahim Raisi]]''' was nicknamed "the Butcher of [[Tehran]]" for his role on the "death committee" during the [[1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners|1988 mass executions]] of [[Iranian people|Iranian]] [[political prisoners]]? ===Solovey (Go_A song)=== * ... that "'''[[Solovey (Go A song)|Solovey]]'''" was the first song in the history of [[Eurovision Song Contest|Eurovision]] to be fully in the [[Ukrainian language]]? ===Jamie Lee Curtis=== [[File:Jamie Lee Curtis (28770868877) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Academy Award]]-winning actress '''[[Jamie Lee Curtis]]''' ''(pictured)'' did not want to be called Baroness [[Christopher Guest|Haden-Guest]] because she said the title has nothing to do with her? ===Murder of Linda Andersen=== *...that '''[[Murder of Linda Andersen|two girls who killed their mother]]''' when they were [[teenager]]s successfully studied at [[university]], after serving their sentence; one became a [[lawyer]] and the other a [[scientist]]? ===William Shockley=== * ... that [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] winning physicist '''[[William Shockley]]''' ran for the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] in 1982 because of the "[[Dysgenics|dysgenic threat]]" he believed [[African Americans|African-Americans]] created? ===Giorgia Meloni=== [[File:Giorgia Meloni Official 2022 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Giorgia Meloni]]''' ''(pictured)'', who was elected in [[2022 Italian general election|2022]], is [[Italy|Italy's]] first female [[Prime Minister of Italy|prime minister]]? ===Marianne Wiggins=== * ... that when Muslims were ordered to kill [[Salman Rushdie]], his wife '''[[Marianne Wiggins]]''' also started hiding, even though she told him five days earlier that she did not want to be married to him anymore? ===Dick Van Dyke=== [[File:Dick Van Dyke by Gage Skidmore.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at age 98, '''[[Dick Van Dyke]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the oldest person to be nominated and win a [[Daytime Emmy Award]]? ===Andrew Johnson=== * ... that a proposal to [[impeachment|impeach]] [[President of the United States]] '''[[Andrew Johnson]]''' in 1868 failed by one vote? ===Russia=== * ... that '''[[Russia]]''' got its name from a [[Medieval Latin]] name for the [[Kievan Rus']]? ===Cynisca=== *...that even though [[women]] were forbidden from attending the [[Ancient Olympic Games]], [[Sparta]]n [[princess]] '''[[Cynisca]]''' won them twice? ===Nude recreation=== *...that when a [[museum]] in [[Vienna]] offered a '''[[nude recreation|naked museum tour]]''' of a [[controversial]] [[exhibition]] called ''Nude Men'' in February 2013, more than 60 people attended that tour? ===Dishwasher=== *...that a [[socialite]] who was worried that her dishes would break while they were being washed came up with a successful design of a '''[[dishwasher]]''' in the late 19th century? ===Pete McCloskey=== * ... that in 1967, [[Purple Heart]] [[Korean War]] veteran '''[[Pete McCloskey]]''' won against child actress [[Shirley Temple]] in a [[special election]] for the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]? ===Simon Harris=== * ... that at age 37, '''[[Simon Harris]]''' is the youngest person to become [[Ireland|Ireland's]] [[Taoiseach]]? ===Mary Peltola=== [[File:Mary Peltola celebrating reeelection (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Mary Peltola]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Alaska Natives|Alaskan Native]] member of [[United States Congress|congress]]? ===Ima Keithel=== * ... that '''[[Ima Keithel]]''' is a [[market]] in [[Manipur]] that is the only one run by women alone? ===Pubic hair=== *... that four out of five women, and about half of the men in the [[United States]] trim or remove their '''[[pubic hair]]'''? ===Olaf Scholz=== * ... that '''[[Olaf Scholz]]''' is the first [[Chancellor of Germany|Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany]] to not be a member of the [[Protestant Church in Germany|Protestant Church]]? ===Ursula von der Leyen=== * ... that when she was elected in 2019, '''[[Ursula von der Leyen]]''' became the first female [[President of the European Commission]]? ===Dance the Night=== * ... that [[Mark Ronson]] wrote a song for the [[Rehearsal|dance rehearsals]] of the movie ''[[Barbie (movie)|Barbie]]'' which later became "'''[[Dance the Night]]'''"? ===Gottfried Böhm=== [[File:Gottfried Böhm 2015.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1986, '''[[Gottfried Böhm]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first [[German people|German]] [[architect]] to win a [[Pritzker Prize]]? ===Sahara=== * ... that in the last hundred years, the '''[[Sahara]]''' has grown by about ten percent because of [[desertification]]? ===José Andrés=== * ... that chef and [[humanitarianism|humanitarian]] '''[[José Andrés]]''' is said to have made [[Tapas|small plates dining]] popular in the [[United States]]? ===Red Sea crisis=== * ... that the first event in the history of [[space warfare]] occurred during the '''[[Red Sea crisis]]'''? ===Trina Robbins=== [[File:Trina Robbins 2010 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1970, cartoonist '''[[Trina Robbins]]''' ''(pictured)'' helped create the first [[comic book]] entirely produced by women? ===Sultan bin Salman Al Saud=== * ... that '''[[Sultan bin Salman Al Saud]]''', the son of [[Salman of Saudi Arabia|Saudi King Salman]], is the first member of a royal family to fly in [[outer space|space]] as well as the first Arab and the first [[Muslim]] to do so? === Ostrich === *... that '''[[ostrich]]es''' have the biggest eyes among all [[terrestrial animals]]? === Names of Pakistan === [[File:British Indian Empire 1909 Imperial Gazetteer of India.jpg|100x100px|right]] *... that the '''[[Names of Pakistan|name of modern Pakistan]]''' ''(pictured)'' is an [[acronym]] derived from the five regions of the [[British Raj]]: [[Punjab (Pakistan)|''P''unjab]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|''A''fghania]], [[Kashmir|''K''ashmir]], [[Sindh|''S''indh]], and [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Baluchis''tan'']]? === Akkadian Empire === [[File:Empire akkad.svg|100x100px|right]] *... that the '''[[Akkad|Akkadian Empire]]''' ''(pictured)'' of [[Mesopotamia]] is the oldest known [[empire]] in history? ===Houston=== * ... that after [[New York City]], '''[[Houston]]''' has the most [[Fortune 500|''Fortune'' 500]] headquarters of any [[United States|American]] city within its city limits? === Total Eclipse of the Heart === * ... that leading up to the [[solar eclipse of August 21, 2017]], the [[streaming media|streams]] for [[Bonnie Tyler]]'s 1983 single '''"[[Total Eclipse of the Heart]]"''' went up 827% globally? === Ancient Pakistan === [[File:Indus script.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the oldest recorded name of '''[[Ancient Pakistan]]''' ''(pictured)'' is Meluhha, the [[Sumer]]ian name for the [[Indus Valley Civilization|Indus Valley]]? ===Charles Michel=== * ... that when '''[[Charles Michel]]''' became the [[Prime Minister of Belgium]] in 2014, he was the youngest Belgian prime minister in 173 years? ===Jörn Donner=== [[File:Jörn Donner in 2014 06.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that director '''[[Jörn Donner]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first and, to date, only person from [[Finland]] to win an [[Academy Award]]? ===Katie Britt=== * ... that [[Alabama]] [[United States Senator|U.S. Senator]] '''[[Katie Britt]]''' was [[criticism|criticized]] for giving her [[response to the State of the Union address|response]] to the [[State of the Union address]] from her [[kitchen]]? ===Gandhara=== *... that the region of '''[[Gandhara]]''' in [[Pakistan]] is the second holy land of [[Buddhism]], the first being [[Magadha]] in [[Nepal]] and [[India]]? ===Olivia Rodrigo=== [[File:Olivia Rodrigo @ Theatre at Ace Hotel 10 09 2023 (53423735984).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Olivia Rodrigo]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first artist to have their first two releases in the top 10 on [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]]? ===Lyndon B. Johnson=== * ... that at age 42, '''[[Lyndon B. Johnson]]''' was the youngest [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|leader]] of the [[United States Senate]] in [[American history]]? ===Kristi Noem=== [[File:Noem Portrait (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that when '''[[Kristi Noem]]''' ''(pictured)'' was a [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]], she took online college classes and received [[internship|intern credits]] because she was a congresswoman? ===Marianne Williamson=== * ... that before running for [[President of the United States]] in [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]] and [[2024 United States presidential election|2024]], '''[[Marianne Williamson]]''' was a [[The New York Times Best Seller list|''New York Times'' best selling]] [[spirituality|spiritual writer]] and was nicknamed "[[Oprah Winfrey|Oprah's]] spiritual advisor"? ===Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine=== * ... that even though '''[[Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine|Belarus helped Russia]]''' with [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|their invasion of Ukraine]], [[President of Belarus|President]] [[Alexander Lukashenko]] said that there is "no way" [[Belarus|Belarusian]] soldiers will attack [[Ukraine]]? ===J. Robert Oppenheimer=== * ... that in 2022, '''[[J. Robert Oppenheimer|J. Robert Oppenheimer's]]''' [[security clearance]] was given back to him, 68 years after it was controversially removed during the [[Red scare|Second Red scare]]? ===Chicago River=== [[File:The Chicago River turns green for St. Patrick's Day. 2018 (26997623508).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that the tradition of [[dye|dyeing]] the '''[[Chicago River]]''' green ''(pictured)'' for [[Saint Patrick's Day]] started by accident in 1961 when plumbers accidentally spilled [[fluorescein]] into the river? ===Functional illiteracy=== *...that 14% of the [[adult]]s living in the [[United States]] have problems in their everyday life, because they cannot '''[[functional illiteracy|read and write well enough]]'''? ===Kirby's Dream Course=== *...that '''''[[Kirby's Dream Course]]''''' was not originally going to be a ''[[Kirby (series)|Kirby]]'' game, and the version without Kirby was later released on the [[Satellaview]]? ===Harvard University=== * ... that eight [[Presidents of the United States]] have [[graduated]] from '''[[Harvard University]]'''? ===Japanese spider crab=== *... that the '''[[Japanese spider crab]]''' has the largest leg span among any [[arthropod]] in the world? ===Toby Fox=== *...that '''[[Toby Fox|Toby Fox's]]''' first important work was a [[Halloween]] version of ''[[EarthBound]]''? ===The Godfather=== * ... that '''''[[The Godfather]]''''' made over $100 million in the [[box office]] 18 weeks after its release in 1972, making it the fastest movie to reach that number? ===Abortion in France=== *...that '''[[abortion in France]]''' was protected in the French [[constitution]] in March 2024, making France the only country to have abortion as a constitutional right? ===O'Hare station train crash=== [[File:OHare Airport L crash, March 2014.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in March 2014, a [[Chicago]] [[Blue Line (CTA)|subway train]] '''[[O'Hare station train crash|crashed]]''' ''(pictured)'' at the [[O'Hare International Airport]] because the conductor fell asleep while operating? ===Paracetamol=== *...that '''[[Paracetamol]]''' ''(acetaminophen)'' is the main cause of [[liver failure]] in the [[United States]] and [[Great Britain]]? ===Mario Party 8=== * ... that '''''[[Mario Party 8]]''''' was removed from stores in the [[United Kingdom]] after a [[slur]] was found in the game? ===Eswatini=== * ... that Swaziland changed their name to '''[[Eswatini]]''' because the old name sounded too similar to [[Switzerland]]? ===Alejandro Mayorkas=== * ... that [[United States Secretary of Homeland Security|U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security]] '''[[Alejandro Mayorkas]]''' is the first [[United States Cabinet]] member to be [[impeachment|impeached]] since 1876? ===Kuwaiti dinar=== *... that the '''[[Kuwaiti dinar]]''' is the most valuable [[currency]] in the world? ===Carnivorous plant=== *... that different [[plant]]s developed the '''[[carnivorous plant|ability to catch and trap insects]]''' at least six times? ===Super Bowl LVIII=== * ... that '''[[Super Bowl LVIII]]''' is the most watched [[United States]] broadcast since the [[Apollo 11]] moon landing? ===Liverpool Women's Hospital bombing=== * ...that the [[taxi]] driver in the '''[[Liverpool Women's Hospital bombing]]''' was called a [[hero]] for locking the [[terrorist]] inside of his taxi? ===Acoustic Kitty=== *...that in the 1960s, the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] fitted [[cat]]s to '''[[Acoustic Kitty|act as spies]]'''? ===The Typewriter=== *...that in the 1950s, [[Leroy Anderson]] composed '''[[The Typewriter|a piece of music]]''' for the [[typewriter]] and [[orchestra]]? ===Pesse canoe=== [[File:Boomstamkano van Pesse, Drents Museum, 1955-VIII-2.jpg|right|100px]] *... that the '''[[Pesse canoe]]''' ''(pictured)'', a [[Dugout canoe|dugout]] dating back to between 7500 and 8000 [[BCE]], may be one of the world's oldest [[boat]]s? === Medieval philosophy === *... that '''[[Medieval philosophy]]''' began in the historic city of [[Baghdad]], now the capital of [[Iraq]], in the [[8th century]]? ===Poultry=== *... that '''[[Poultry]]''' is the second most eaten type of [[meat]] after [[pork]]? ===In Guezzam=== *...that in '''[[In Guezzam]]''' less than four out of ten people [[literacy|can read or write]]? ===Suriname=== *...that in '''[[Suriname]]''' most people who cannot read or write are women? === Masjid al-Haram === [[File:Great Mosque of Mecca.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the '''[[Masjid al-Haram]]''' ''(pictured)'' in [[Makkah]], [[Saudi Arabia]] is the largest [[mosque]] in the world and is also the most expensive building on [[Earth]]? ===2024 Ecuadorian conflict=== * ... that in January 2024, several armed gang members '''[[2024 Ecuadorian conflict|stormed a television studio]]''' in [[Guayaquil]], [[Ecuador]] while it was broadcasting live? ===Meat-Shaped Stone=== [[File:Meat-Shaped Stone Gathering of Treasures 1.jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that the '''''[[Meat-Shaped Stone]]''''' ''(pictured)'' is one of the Three Treasures of the [[National Palace Museum]] in [[Taiwan]]? ===25 or 6 to 4=== * ... that the [[Chicago (band)|Chicago]] song "'''[[25 or 6 to 4]]'''" was banned in [[Singapore]] from 1970 to 1993 because the country thought the song was about drugs? ===Madison Marsh=== [[File:Active Duty Miss America (4) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[Miss America 2024|2024]], [[Second_lieutenant#United_States|second lieutenant]] '''[[Madison Marsh]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first member of the [[United States Armed Forces|U.S. Armed Forces]] to win the [[Miss America|Miss America title]]? ===Postpartum depression=== * ... that '''[[postpartum depression]]''' affects more women living in [[Human Development Index|low and middle income countries]] than those living in high income countries? ===Trump International Hotel and Tower=== * ... that because of [[Donald Trump]] adding a large sign with his name on the '''[[Trump International Hotel and Tower]]''', [[Chicago]] considered changing its rules for future sign-building on its skyscrapers? ===875 North Michigan Avenue=== * ... that '''[[875 North Michigan Avenue]]''' in [[Chicago]] has the highest indoor swimming pool in the [[United States]]? ===iPhone 6=== [[File:IPhone 6 bottom.png|right|100px]] * ... that over ten million '''[[iPhone 6]]''' ''(pictured)'' were sold in the first week of its release in 2014, making it one of best-selling [[touchscreen]] phones of all time? ===Moscow=== * ... that '''[[Moscow]]''' is the largest city by [[land area]] on the [[Europe|European continent]]? ===Pineapple=== * ... that '''[[pineapple]]s''' can take two or three years to grow? 3sca1ldyo016xixbf05iqq9xm5mcbox 10368979 10368978 2025-07-03T05:07:58Z Raayaan9911 1495229 /* Violeta Chamorro */ Reply 10368979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bots|optout=SIGN}} This page is for nominations to appear in the "Did you know" section on the [[Main Page]]. To discuss Did You Know please use [[Wikipedia talk:Did you know]]. <center><big>'''[[Template talk:Did you know#Nominations|SKIP TO NOMINATIONS]]'''</big></center> {{DYKbox}} {{tocright}} == Instructions == '''Did you know?''' (DYK) entries are interesting facts that many people may not know. On this page possible entries are listed and members of the DYK project assess the nominations for the DYK section. DYKs are listed on the [[Main Page]]. === How to enter a DYK === List articles on this page under the '''Nominations''' area, below. The newest nominations go at the top. If you would like to make a nomination, you should read the rules below. If there is a picture that you would like to see used with your nomination, please add it with your nomination as shown below. Any user may nominate a DYK suggestion. {{Wikipedia:Did you know}} == Chart == Please use one of the following templates when reviewing nominations. {| class="wikitable" width=100% ! width=10% | Symbol !! width=10% | Code !! width=10% | Ready for DYK? !! width=50% | Description |- align="center" |- align="center" | [[File:Symbol confirmed.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKyes}}</nowiki> || Yes || align="left" | No problems, ready for DYK |- align="center" | [[File:Pictogram voting keep.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKagf}}</nowiki> || Yes, [[Wikipedia:Assume good faith|WP:AGF]] || align="left" | Hook cited to a source not on the Internet, but to a reliable publication. |- align="center" | [[File:Pictogram reply.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKfixed}}</nowiki> || Yes, issue fixed. || align="left" | The issue preventing DYK, or the request for improvement has now been fixed. |- align="center" | [[File:Symbol possible vote.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKalmost}}</nowiki> || Almost || align="left" | Article is on the way to being ready for DYK, but the reviewer has questions. |- align="center" | [[File:Symbol delete vote.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKno}}</nowiki> || No || align="left" | Article is unable to be used on DYK, the time limit has passed, or there are larger reservations. |} {{DYK-Refresh}} <!--<center><big>'''{{#ifeq:{{Did you know/Queue/EmpQ}}||ALL QUEUES ARE FULL AT THE MOMENT.|THE NEXT EMPTY QUEUE IS [[Template:Did you know/Queue/{{Did you know/Queue/EmpQ}}]] AND}} THE NEXT UPDATE WILL BE FROM [[Template:Did you know/Queue/{{Did you know/Queue/NexQ}}]]'''</big></center>--> == Nominations == Please add new nominations below ''with newer nominations at the top''. Nominations should be headed with a <nowiki>===Level Three===</nowiki> header containing a link to the article that the hook is from. If possible, all hooks should contain a relevant file from Wikimedia Commons – this can be a picture or a sound. The subject article should be '''<nowiki>'''bolded'''</nowiki>'''. <!--- please uncomment the template below if there are no nominations in the section; add newer nominations at the top, but below the template --> === Al Hilal SFC === * ... that '''[[Al Hilal SFC|Al Hilal]]''' was the only Asian football club to reach the knockout tournament in [[2025 FIFA Club World Cup]]? [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 08:00, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ===Gina Ortiz Jones=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Gina Ortiz Jones]]''' became the first [[Asian-American]] female mayor of a major city in [[Texas]] and the first openly [[gay]] mayor of [[San Antonio]]? --[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 17:37, 28 June 2025 (UTC) ===Violeta Chamorro=== [[File:Violeta Chamorro 1993.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1990, when '''[[Violeta Chamorro]]''' ''(pictured)'' was elected [[President of Nicaragua]], she became the first elected woman president in the [[Americas]]? --[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 22:19, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :{{DYKyes}} [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 05:07, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ===Sir Billy Boston=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Billy Boston|Sir Billy Boston]]''' became the first [[Rugby League|rugby league footballer]] to be [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]]? --[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 22:19, 25 June 2025 (UTC) *:{{DYKyes}} [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 05:06, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ===Toni Morrison=== [[File:Toni Morrison.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1993, '''[[Toni Morrison]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[African American]] woman to win the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]? --[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 22:19, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :{{DYKyes}} [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 05:04, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ==Holding area== Hooks that are ready to be moved to a queue for update may be held in this area until a space in a queue becomes available. To be eligible to move into this area, a hook must meet all of the promotion guidelines as outlined above. Hooks in this area do not count towards a user's nomination limit. If you change or re-review a hook in this area, it must be moved back to the main nominations section for discussion to continue. The only changes permitted here are formatting or spelling changes, or adding an associated file. <!-- Add nominations below this comment --> ===Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran=== * ... that the '''[[Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran]]''' was founded in 324, making it the oldest public church in [[Rome]] and the oldest [[basilica]] in the [[Western world]]? ===Greg Abbott=== * ... that in 2015, '''[[Greg Abbott]]''' became the first [[Governor of Texas|Texas governor]] and third governor of a [[U.S. state]] to use a [[wheelchair]]? ===Amazon River=== [[File:Amazon 57.53278W 2.71207S.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that there are no [[Bridge|bridges]] that cross the '''[[Amazon River]]''' ''(pictured)'' because of the [[Amazon rainforest]]? === iOS 26 === * ... that 13 years after the [[iOS 7]] was [[Design|redesigned]] with a "flat style", the '''[[iOS 26]]''' was redesigned with a [[Liquid Glass]] design? ===Ron DeSantis=== [[File:Governor Ron DeSantis at the CNN Republican Presidential Debate (53460294753) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2019, at the age of 40, '''[[Ron DeSantis]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the youngest [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[Governor of Florida|governor]] in [[Florida|Florida's history]]? ===Egypt=== * ... that '''[[Egypt]]''' has the most powerful [[Egyptian Armed Forces|military force]] in the [[Arab world]] and [[Africa]] since 2025? === Colour of the day (police) === *... that in [[New York City]], [[police|undercover police]] wear different '''[[Color of the day (police)|colored items of clothing]]''' to quickly recognize each other? ===Kathy Hochul=== [[File:Kathy Hochul March 2024 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2021, '''[[Kathy Hochul]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first female [[Governor of New York]] and the first from [[Upstate New York]]? ===Mikie Sherrill=== * ... that before she became the first [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] to [[United States House of Representatives|represent]] [[New Jersey's 11th congressional district]] in over 30 years, '''[[Mikie Sherrill]]''' was a [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] [[helicopter]] pilot? ===Abigail Spanberger=== * ... that before becoming the first woman to represent [[Virginia's 7th congressional district]] in the [[U.S. House of Representatives|U.S. House]], '''[[Abigail Spanberger]]''' was a [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA operations officer]]? ===Gavin Newsom=== [[File:Newsom April 2024 (3x4 cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2022, [[Governor of California|Governor]] '''[[Gavin Newsom]]''' ''(pictured)'' made [[California]] the first [[sanctuary city|sanctuary state]] for [[transgender|transgender youth]]? ===Cambodian genocide=== * ... that the '''[[Cambodian genocide]]''' happened because [[dictator]] [[Pol Pot]] and the [[Khmer Rouge]] wanted to roll back [[Cambodia]] to "Year Zero" when every Cambodian was a [[Rural area|rural]] [[farmer]]? ===Joan Didion=== [[File:Didion1970 (cropped).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that '''[[Joan Didion]]''' ''(pictured)'' wrote her first novel, which was about a woman dying in the [[Sahara Desert]], when she was five years old? ===South Korea=== * ... that 70% of '''[[South Korea]]''' is covered by hills and mountains? ===Louise Glück=== [[File:Louise Glück circa 1977.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that in 2020, '''[[Louise Glück]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Americans|American]] woman to win the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] since 1993 and the first American poet to win since 1948? ===Boston=== * ... that from 1659 to 1681, it was [[banned]] in '''[[Boston]]''' to celebrate [[Christmas]] because the [[Pilgrims]] saw it as a "[[corruption|corrupt]] holiday"? ===Audrey Hepburn=== [[File:Audrey Hepburn 1956om (cropped).jpg|100px|right]] *...that '''[[Audrey Hepburn]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first person to be an [[List of EGOT winners|EGOT winner]] [[posthumously]]? ===Beagle=== * ... that a 2019 research found that '''[[Beagle|beagles]]''' could detect [[lung cancer]] with 97% accuracy? ===Lilo & Stitch=== * ... that the 2002 movie '''''[[Lilo & Stitch]]''''' was the first time that [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]] hand-drew its characters and used of [[watercolour|watercolors]] for its background since the 1940s? ===Susan Brownmiller=== * ... that the works of [[Americans|American]] [[feminist]] author '''[[Susan Brownmiller]]''' is said to have helped create laws that made it easier to criminally charge [[rape|rapists]]? ===Mike Schaefer=== * ... that when he was elected to the [[California State Board of Equalization|State Board of Equalization]] in 2018 at the age of 80, '''[[Mike Schaefer]]''' became the oldest [[California|Californian]] to serve in a state constitutional office? === Pig === [[File:Sus scrofa scrofa.jpg|right|100px]] *...that '''[[pig]]s''' ''(pictured)'' can be taught to play [[video game]]s? ===Catholic Church=== * ... that the '''[[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic Church]]''' has the oldest continuously used legal system in the world? ===Chuck Grassley=== [[File:Chuck Grassley official photo 2017.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that with over 40 years in the [[U.S. Senate]], '''[[Chuck Grassley]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the longest serving [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] senator in [[History of the United States|U.S. history]]? ===Lee Zeldin=== * ... that in 2022, while running for [[Governor of New York|New York Governor]], then-[[U.S. Representative]] '''[[Lee Zeldin]]''' was attacked by a [[drunk]] man who later said he did not know who Zeldin was? ===Sara Duterte=== [[File:2024-04-10 – PBBM to highlight economic cooperation, defense and maritime cooperation in historic trilateral meeting with US, Japan (03) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Sara Duterte]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Vice President of the Philippines]] to be [[impeachment|impeached]]? ===Cori Bush=== * ... that in 2021, [[nurse|registered nurse]] '''[[Cori Bush]]''' became the first [[African American]] woman to represent [[Missouri]] in the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Sussan Ley=== [[File:SL - 2012 Profile.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Sussan Ley]]''' ''(pictured)'' became [[Australia|Australia's]] first female [[Leader of the Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal Party Leader]] and [[Leader of the Opposition (Australia)|Opposition Leader]]? ===Pope Leo XIV=== * ... that '''[[Pope Leo XIV]]''' picked his papal name because of [[Pope Leo XIII]] and the "cultural shifts" the [[Roman Catholic church]] might see through [[artificial intelligence]] and [[robotics]]? ===Wesley Bell=== [[File:Rep. Wesley Bell Official Portrait.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2019, future-[[Missouri]] [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Wesley Bell]]''' ''(pictured)'' became [[St. Louis County, Missouri|St. Louis County's]] first [[African Americans|Black]] [[attorney|prosecuting attorney]]? ===Peter Dutton=== * ... that in [[2025 Australian federal election|2025]], '''[[Peter Dutton]]''' became the first [[List of Australian Leaders of the Opposition|Australian opposition leader]] to lose their [[Australian House of Representatives|parliamentary seat]] at an election? ===JB Pritzker=== [[File:JB Pritzker 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... when he was [[2022 Illinois gubernatorial election|re-elected in 2022]], [[Governor of Illinois|Illinois Governor]] '''[[JB Pritzker]]''' ''(pictured)'' had the highest vote share for any [[United States|U.S.]] [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] governor in more than 60 years? ===Toni Breidinger=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Toni Breidinger]]''' became the first [[NASCAR]] driver to model for [[Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue|''Sports Illustrated''<nowiki/>'s Swimsuit Issue]]? ===Rashida Tlaib=== [[File:Tlaib Rashida 119th Congress.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2018, '''[[Rashida Tlaib]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Muslim]] woman and the first [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]]-[[Americans|American]] woman elected to the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Anthony Albanese=== * ... that in [[2025 Australian federal election|2025]], '''[[Anthony Albanese]]''' became the first [[Prime Minister of Australia|Australian prime minister]] to win re-election since [[John Howard]] in [[2004 Australian federal election|2004]]? ===Friedrich Merz=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Friedrich Merz]]''' became the first post-war [[Chancellor of Germany|German chancellor]] not to receive the needed [[German Bundestag|confirmation votes]] in the first round of voting? ===Nicușor Dan=== [[File:Nicușor Dan 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2020, two-time [[International Mathematical Olympiad]] champion '''[[Nicușor Dan]]''' ''(pictured)'' was elected as [[Bucharest|Bucharest's]] first [[Independent politician|independent]] mayor? ===1755 Cape Ann earthquake=== * ... that the '''[[1755 Cape Ann earthquake]]''' in [[Massachusetts]] could be felt as far north as [[Nova Scotia]] in [[Canada]] and as far south as [[South Carolina]]? ===Richard Pryor=== [[File:Richard Pryor 1973 (cropped).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that in 1980, comedian '''[[Richard Pryor]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first black actor to earn a million dollars for a single movie when he starred in ''[[Stir Crazy (movie)|Stir Crazy]]''? ===Mike Waltz=== * ... that '''[[Mike Waltz]]''' was the first [[Americans|American]] [[United States Congress|congress member]] to call for a full [[United States|U.S.]] [[boycott]] of the [[2022 Winter Olympics]] in [[Beijing]] for the [[China|country's]] [[persecution of Uyghurs in China|persecution of Uyghurs]]? ===Dick Durbin=== [[File:Dick Durbin 2022 official portrait (cropped) 2.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Illinois]] [[U.S. Senator]] '''[[Dick Durbin]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the longest-serving [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate party whip]] in [[History of the United States|U.S. history]]? ===Ali France=== * ... that [[2025 Australian federal election|in 2025]], '''[[Ali France]]''' became the first person in [[History of Australia|Australian history]] to defeat an [[Leader of the Opposition (Australia)|opposition leader]] in a [[Australian House of Representatives|parliamentary election]]? === Hydrogen === [[File:Shuttle Main Engine Test Firing cropped edited and reduced.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[hydrogen]]''' fires ''(pictured)'', while being extremely hot, are almost invisible to [[human]]s, leading to accidental burns? === Water === * ... that 12 billion [[light year]]s away around a [[quasar]] there is a giant cloud of '''[[water]]''' with 140 trillion times more water than all the water on [[Earth]]? ===Michael Bloomberg=== [[File:Michael Bloomberg 2022 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2020, former [[Mayor of New York City|New York City Mayor]] '''[[Michael Bloomberg]]''' ''(pictured)'' spent the most money spent on a presidential primary campaign in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===Tammy Duckworth=== [[File:Tammy Duckworth, official portrait, 115th Congress (cropped)2.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2004, future [[Illinois]] [[U.S. Senator]] '''[[Tammy Duckworth]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Americans|American]] female [[Amputation|double amputee]] from the [[Iraq War]]? === False memory === *...that [[experiment]]s have shown that people can be made to '''[[False memory|remember events that did not take place]]'''? ===Robert F. Kennedy Jr.=== * ... that in 2013, future [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services|U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services]] '''[[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]]''' helped the [[Chipewyan|Chipewyan First Nation]] to protect their land from [[tar sands]] production? ===Catholic Church sexual abuse cases=== * ... that a study found that 81% of the victims of the '''[[Catholic Church sexual abuse cases]]''' between 1950 and the early 2000s were male? === False memory === *...that [[experiment]]s have shown that people can be made to '''[[False memory|remember events that did not take place]]'''? ===Juliana Stratton=== [[File:National Lieutenant Governor's Association (52766342026) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2020, [[Lieutenant Governor of Illinois|Illinois Lieutenant Governor]] '''[[Juliana Stratton]]''' ''(pictured)'' was one of the first customers to buy [[recreation|recreational]] [[cannabis (drug)|cannabis]] in the [[Illinois|state]]? ===Tony Evers=== * ... that in 2023, [[Governor of Wisconsin|Wisconsin Governor]] '''[[Tony Evers]]''' made a [[veto|line-item veto]] to the [[Wisconsin|state]] budget that increased school funding of $325 until the year 2425? ===Sean Baker=== [[File:Sean Baker at the 2024 New York Film Festival (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, filmmaker '''[[Sean Baker]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first person to win four [[Academy Awards]] for the [[Anora (movie)|same movie]]? ===Philippe of Belgium=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Philippe of Belgium]]''' publicly criticized [[Pope Francis]] during a welcome address of him over the [[Catholic Church sexual abuse cases|sexual abuses]] done by the [[Roman Catholic Church]] in [[Belgium]]? ===Conclave (movie)=== * ... that viewership for the 2024 movie '''''[[Conclave (movie)|Conclave]]''''' went up 283% on [[streaming media|streaming platforms]] following [[Death and funeral of Pope Francis|the death]] of [[Pope Francis]] in April 2025? ===Karoline Leavitt=== [[File:Karoline Leavitt by Gage Skidmore 2 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at the age of 27, '''[[Karoline Leavitt]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the youngest [[White House Press Secretary]] in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===John Ratcliffe=== * ... that in 2019, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found out that then-[[Director of National Intelligence|National Intelligence Director]] nominee '''[[John Ratcliffe]]''' lied about arresting "300 [[Illegal immigration|illegal immigrants]] in a single day"? ===Salem Witch Trials=== *...that some of the '''[[Salem Witch Trials]]''' only lasted 15 minutes, and resulted in people being found guilty and [[death penalty|executed]]? ===Susie Wiles=== [[File:Susie Wiles 2025 (edited crop).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Susie Wiles]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first ever female [[White House Chief of Staff]] in [[American history]]? ===Paper Mario: Color Splash=== * ... that [[Nintendo of America]] accidentally made '''''[[Paper Mario: Color Splash]]''''' available to play two weeks early? ===Austria=== * ... that the first [[postcard]]s were issued in '''[[Austria]]''' in 1869? ===Cory Booker=== [[File:Cory Booker, official portrait (119th Congress).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, at 25 hours and five minutes long, '''[[Cory Booker]]''' ''(pictured)'' made the longest speech in the history of the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]]? ===Super Mario Bros. theme=== * ... that in 2023, the '''[[Super Mario Bros. theme|''Super Mario Bros.'' theme]]''' became the first [[video game music]] track to be preserved by the U.S. [[Library of Congress]]? ===Doug Collins (politician)=== [[File:Official portrait of Douglas Collins, U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs.jpeg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs|U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs]] '''[[Doug Collins (politician)|Doug Collins]]''' ''(pictured)'' was a [[United States Navy|navy]] [[chaplain]] before entering politics? ===Air Force One (movie)=== * ... that in 2016, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' named [[Harrison Ford|Harrison Ford's]] character in the 1997 movie '''''[[Air Force One (movie)|Air Force One]]''''' the "greatest fictional [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] of all time"? ===Elise Stefanik=== [[File:Elise Stefanik, 115th official photo.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2014 at the age of 30, '''[[Elise Stefanik]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the youngest woman and youngest [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] ever elected to the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Malta=== * ... that at 316 [[Square kilometre|sq km]], '''[[Malta]]''' is the smallest country in the [[European Union]]? ===Patty Murray=== [[File:Patty Murray, official portrait, 113th Congress.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2023, [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] '''[[Patty Murray]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first female [[President pro tempore of the United States Senate]]? ===Mike Johnson=== * ... that [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker]] '''[[Mike Johnson]]''' has less experience in the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] than any other speaker since 1883? ===Fernanda Torres=== [[File:ImStillHereBFILFF131024 (4 of 36) (54065967346) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Fernanda Torres]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Brazilian people|Brazilian]], [[Latin America|Latin American]], and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese-speaking]] actor to win the [[Golden Globe Award|Golden Globe for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama]]? ===Greece=== * ... that almost 80% of '''[[Greece]]''' is made up by [[mountain|mountainous terrain]]? ===Linda McMahon=== [[File:Linda McMahon 2025 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Linda McMahon]]''' ''(pictured)'' changed [[WWE|WWE's]] [[TV Parental Guidelines|television rating]] from TV-14 to PG to attract a young generation of [[wrestling]] fans? ===Lori Chavez-DeRemer=== * ... that '''[[Lori Chavez-DeRemer]]''' lost to [[Janelle Bynum]] three times when she ran for the [[Oregon House of Representatives|Oregon State House]] and the [[U.S. House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representative]] in different elections? ===Mia Love=== [[File:Mia Love Congressional Photo.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2015, '''[[Mia Love]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[African American|Black]] [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] woman elected to the [[United States Congress]]? ===Liechtenstein=== * ... that in 1969, [[NASA]] gave '''[[Liechtenstein]]''' [[moon|moon rocks]] and a [[Flag of Liechtenstein|national flag]] that had been on the moon to thank them for their support from a local company during the [[Apollo 11]] mission? ===9 Songs=== * ... that the 2004 British romantic drama movie '''''[[9 Songs]]''''' included scenes of its two main actors actually having [[sexual intercourse]] and performing [[oral sex]] as well as a scene of [[ejaculation]]? ===Mark Carney=== [[File:Prime Minister Boris Johnson meets with Mark Carney No.10 Downing Street (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Mark Carney]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first person to become [[Prime Minister of Canada]] without holding elected public office before? ===SpongeBob SquarePants=== * ... that in 2025, '''''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]''''' became the longest-running [[United States|American]] [[children's animation|children's animated]] series? ===Muhsin Hendricks=== * ... that '''[[Muhsin Hendricks]]''' was called the world's first [[openly gay]] [[imam]]? ===Brooke Rollins=== [[File:Brooke Rollins 2025 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States Secretary of Agriculture|U.S. Secretary of Agriculture]] '''[[Brooke Rollins]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first female student body president at her ''[[alma mater]]'' [[Texas A&M University]]? ===Hurricane (dog)=== * ... that '''[[Hurricane (dog)|Hurricane]]''', a [[United States Secret Service|U.S. Secret Service]]-trained [[dog]] who protected President [[Barack Obama]] in 2014, was thought to be the most [[decoration|decorated]] dog in [[American history]]? ===Kash Patel=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Kash Patel]]''' became the youngest person and the first [[Asian Americans|Asian-American]] to become [[Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation]]? ===Emperor Penguins=== [[File:Aptenodytes forsteri MHNT.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Emperor penguin|emperor penguins]] ''' ''(egg pictured)'' are the only [[bird|birds]] in the world that can lay their [[egg|eggs]] on [[ice]]? ===Stockholm=== * ... that '''[[Stockholm]]''' is built on fourteen islands and is connected by fifty-seven bridges? ===Scott Turner (politician)=== * ... that [[United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development|U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development]] '''[[Scott Turner (politician)|Scott Turner]]''' once played for the [[National Football League|NFL]] and was a [[United States Congress|congressional]] [[intern]] afterwards? ===Mikey Madison=== [[File:Mikey Madison at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Mikey Madison]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Gen Z]] actress to win an [[Academy Award]]? ===R. Budd Dwyer=== * ... that in 1987, [[Pennsylvania]] [[lawmaker]] '''[[R. Budd Dwyer]]''' publicly [[suicide|committed suicide]] during a live press conference, which was [[broadcasting|broadcasted]] throughout the state? ===Sean Duffy=== * ... that before entering politics, [[United States Secretary of Transportation|U.S. Secretary of Transportation]] '''[[Sean Duffy]]''' was a cast member of the [[MTV]] [[reality television]] series ''[[The Real World|The Real World: Boston]]''? === Miss Meyers === * ... that racehorse '''[[Miss Meyers]]''' only started racing well after she turned four years old, then won what would be $156,000 today in the same year? ===Drug cartel=== * ... that a 2025 report by the [[United States Department of Justice|U.S. Department of Justice]] found that 74% of [[firearms]] used by the '''[[Drug cartel|Mexican drug cartels]]''' came from the [[United States]]? ===Frankétienne=== [[File:Jean Laposte 2 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1975, '''[[Frankétienne]]''' ''(pictured)'' wrote the first novel entirely written in [[Haitian Creole]]? ===Doughtnuts=== *...that [[Canada]] has the most '''[[doughnut]]''' shops per person? ===European Union=== * ... that the '''[[European Union]]''' is the world's largest single-market and would be the third largest country in the world if it were independent? ===Howard Lutnick=== [[File:Howard Lutnick (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States Secretary of Commerce|U.S. Secretary of Commerce]] '''[[Howard Lutnick]]''' ''(pictured)'' survived the [[Collapse of the World Trade Center|collapse]] of the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] during the [[September 11 attacks]]? ===Thutmose II=== * ... that in 2022, the discovery of the [[tomb]] of '''[[Thutmose II]]''' became the first royal tomb to be discovered since [[King Tutankhamun|King Tutankhamun's]] in 1922? ===Souleymane Cissé=== * ... that '''[[Souleymane Cissé]]''' is the first director from [[sub-Saharan Africa]] to receive an award at the [[Cannes Film Festival]]? ===Alice Weidel=== [[File:2019-09-01 Wahlabend Sachsen by Sandro Halank–039.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Alice Weidel]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[lesbian]] to serve as a leader candidate for the [[Alternative for Germany|Alternative for Germany Party]]? ===Pete Hegseth=== * ... that [[United States Secretary of Defense|U.S. Secretary of Defense]] '''[[Pete Hegseth]]''' volunteered to be a [[National Guard (United States)|National Guard]] for [[Joe Biden|Joe Biden's]] [[Inauguration of Joe Biden|inauguration in 2021]], but was removed for posting [[Extremism|extremist views]] online? ===Klaus Iohannis=== [[File:Клаус Йоханнис (52539721210).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Klaus Iohannis]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[President of Romania]] belonging to an [[Ethnic group|ethnic minority]]? ===Athens=== * ... that '''[[Athens]]''' is [[Europe|Europe's]] oldest continuously active [[capital city]]? ===Saturday Night Live=== * ... that as of 2022, '''''[[Saturday Night Live]]''''' had received more than 305 [[Primetime Emmy Award]] nominations, the most received by any television program? ===Friedrich Merz=== [[File:2025-02-17 ARD-Wahlarena zur Bundestagswahl 2025 by Sandro Halank–050.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Chancellor of Germany|German Chancellor]] '''[[Friedrich Merz]]''' ''(pictured)'' is a licensed pilot and owns two airplanes? ===Luxembourg=== * ... that in 2020, '''[[Luxembourg]]''' became the first country in the world to make all [[public transport]] free to use? ===Ed Broadbent=== [[File:Ed Broadbent in 2019 (3x4 crop).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that the [[state funeral]] of '''[[Ed Broadbent]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first for a [[Canada|Canadian]] [[political party|party leader]] who was never [[Prime Minister of Canada|prime minister]] or [[Leader of the Opposition (Canada)|opposition leader]]? ===Gisèle Pelicot=== * ... that in 2020, '''[[Gisèle Pelicot]]''' discovered that she was being [[Rapes of Gisèle Pelicot|drugged and raped by her husband and 83 other men]] for nine years? ===Roberta Metsola=== [[File:Roberta Metsola 2022.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that in 2022, '''[[Roberta Metsola]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first woman and youngest person to be elected [[President of the European Parliament]]? ===Texas=== * ... that before becoming a [[States of the U.S.|U.S. state]] in 1845, '''[[Texas]]''' was its [[Republic of Texas|own country]] for almost ten years? ===Manneken Pis=== *...that the statue '''[[Manneken Pis]]''' in [[Brussels]], which shows a boy [[urination|urinating]] into a fountain, also inspired other similar figures in Brussels? ===Caroline Chew=== [[File:Carolinechew.jpg|right|100px]] *...that '''[[Caroline Chew]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Singapore]]an [[equestrian]] to be in the [[Olympic Games]]? ===Peru=== * ... that '''[[Peru]]''' is where [[potatoes]] were first [[gardening|cultivated]] by [[Inca Empire|the Incas]]? ===Dora Bakoyannis=== [[File:Dora Bakoyannis-headshot.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Dora Bakoyannis]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first female mayor of [[Athens]] and the first female mayor of a city to have hosted the [[Olympic Games]]? ===New York (state)=== * ... that the [[States of the U.S.|U.S. state]] of '''[[New York (state)|New York]]''' has over 70,000 miles of [[river]]s and [[stream]]s? ===Donn Moomaw=== [[File:Donn Moomaw 1951 (full).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Donn Moomaw]]''' ''(pictured)'' refused to play with the [[Los Angeles Rams]] since they played on Sundays and later became a [[Presbyterian]] [[Minister (Christianity)|minister]]? ===Bart De Wever=== * ... that '''[[Bart De Wever]]''' is the first [[Flemish Movement|Flemish nationalist]] to become [[Prime Minister of Belgium]]? ===Joe Lieberman=== [[File:Joe Lieberman official Senate portrait Retouched.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that in [[2000 United States presidential election|2000]], [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] '''[[Joe Lieberman]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first practicing [[Jewish|Jew]] to run for [[Vice President of the United States|vice president]]? ===Aga Khan IV=== * ... that in 2014, '''[[Aga Khan IV]]''' became the first faith leader to address a joint session of the [[Parliament of Canada]]? ===Fernanda Montenegro=== [[File:Fernanda Montenegro em 2015 cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Fernanda Montenegro]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Brazilian people|Brazilian]] to be nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Actress]]? ===Ralph Lauren=== [[File:Ralph Lauren 3x4.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Ralph Lauren]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[fashion designer]] to be honored with the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]]? ===Nicaragua=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Nicaragua]]''' became a [[diarchy]] with [[Daniel Ortega]] and his wife [[Rosario Murillo]] becoming [[President of Nicaragua|co-presidents]]? ===Pam Bondi=== [[File:Pam Bondi 2018.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States Attorney General]] '''[[Pam Bondi]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first woman to be elected [[Florida Attorney General|Florida state attorney general]]? ===Kelly Loeffler=== * ... that former [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] '''[[Kelly Loeffler]]''' once owned the [[Atlanta Dream]] [[basketball|basketball team]], but sold it in 2021 because of her opinions of the [[Black Lives Matter|Black Lives Matter movement]]? ===Chappell Roan=== [[File:Chappell Roan @ Hollywood Palladium 11 18 2022 (53886800138).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that singer-songwriter '''[[Chappell Roan]]''' ''(pictured)'' got her [[stage name]] from her grandfather Dennis Chappell and his favorite song, "The Strawberry Roan"? ===Dick Button=== * ... that [[Emmy Award]]-winning sports commentator '''[[Dick Button]]''' is the only [[Americans|American]] man to win the [[European Figure Skating Championships]]? ===Usha Vance=== [[File:Usha Vance, official portrait (2025) (cropped reasonable).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, lawyer '''[[Usha Vance]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Indian Americans|Indian-American]] and first [[Millennials|Millennial]] [[Second ladies and gentlemen of the United States|U.S. Second Lady]] in [[American history]]? ===Chris Wright=== * ... that in 2019, future [[United States Secretary of Energy|U.S. Energy Secretary]] '''[[Chris Wright]]''' drank [[fracking|fracking fluid]] to prove it was not dangerous? ===Algeria=== * ... that '''[[Algeria]]''' is the largest country in [[Africa]]? ===Marco Rubio=== [[File:Official portrait of Secretary Marco Rubio, January 2025.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, [[United States Secretary of State|U.S. Secretary of State]] '''[[Marco Rubio]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the highest-ranking [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic American]] official in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===Ahmed al-Sharaa=== * ... that the [[United States]] had a $10 million [[bounty (reward)|bounty]] against '''[[Ahmed al-Sharaa]]''', however removed it when he became the [[Syrian transitional government|Syrian transitional]] [[President of Syria|leader]] in [[Fall of Damascus|2024]]? ===Richard Williamson (bishop)=== [[File:Bishop Richard Williamson.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Auxiliary bishop]] '''[[Richard Williamson (bishop)|Richard Williamson]]''' ''(pictured)'' had his [[excommunicated|excommunication]] lifted in 2009 by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] only to be excommunicated again in 2013 for his [[Holocaust denial]] views? ===Charli D'Amelio=== [[File:Charli D'Amelio at KCAs 2023 01.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2020, '''[[Charli D'Amelio]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[TikTok]] celebrity to have a both 50 million followers and 100 million followers? ===January 20–22, 2025 Gulf Coast blizzard=== * ... that the '''[[January 20–22, 2025 Gulf Coast blizzard]]''' was the first recorded [[blizzard]] on the [[Gulf Coast]] ever? ===Scott Bessent=== [[File:Scott Bessent, official portrait (2025) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, [[United States Secretary of the Treasury|U.S. Treasury Secretary]] '''[[Scott Bessent]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the highest-ranking openly [[LGBT|LGBT person]] in [[American history]]? ===Lynn Ban=== * ... that jewelry designer '''[[Lynn Ban]]''' agreed to appear on the [[Netflix]] reality show ''[[Bling Empire: New York]]'' to go against the "[[stereotype]]s of ''[[Crazy Rich Asians (movie)|Crazy Rich Asians]]''"? ===Valerie André=== * ... that in 1976, [[French resistance|resistance]] official '''[[Valerie André]]''' became the first female member of the [[French Army|French military]] to become [[General Officer]]? ===Lluvia de Peces=== * ... that in the small town of [[Honduras|Yoro, Honduras]], residents experience "'''[[Lluvia de Peces]]'''" or "Rain of Fish" annually? ===Belly dance=== *...that in 2006, [[Hamas]] outlawed '''[[Belly dance|bellydancing]]''' because they saw it as [[islam|unislamic]]? ===Second inauguration of Donald Trump=== * ... that the '''[[Second inauguration of Donald Trump|second inauguration of Donald Trump]]''' is the first to be held indoors in the [[United States Capitol]] since [[Ronald Reagan|Ronald Reagan's]] [[Second inauguration of Ronald Reagan|second inauguration in 1985]]? ===Cormac McCarthy=== [[File:Cormac McCarthy (The Orchard Keeper author portrait).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that '''[[Cormac McCarthy]]''' ''(pictured)'', whose novel was [[No Country for Old Men (movie)|made into an Academy Award-winning movie]], was called the "best unknown novelist in [[United States|America]]" and rarely had an [[agent]]? ===Wendell Berry=== * ... that in 2015, '''[[Wendell Berry]]''' became the first living writer to be added to the [[Kentucky Writers Hall of Fame]]? ===January 2025 Southern California wildfires=== * ... that the '''[[January 2025 Southern California wildfires]]''' had multiple [[wildfires]], two of which are the second and fourth most destructive fires in [[California|California's history]]? ===William Shatner=== [[File:William Shatner Biohacker Expo 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2021 at the age of 90, ''[[Star Trek]]'' actor '''[[William Shatner]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the oldest person to fly in [[Outer space|space]]? ===António Guterres=== * ... that in 2017, former [[Prime Minister of Portugal|Portuguese Prime Minister]] '''[[António Guterres]]''' became the first national leader to become [[United Nations Secretary-General]]? ===Mark Rutte=== [[File:Mark Rutte, 23.03.23 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2010, '''[[Mark Rutte]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Liberalism|liberal]] [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands|Dutch prime minister]] since 1918? ===Benjamin Netanyahu=== * ... that in 2019, '''[[Benjamin Netanyahu]]''' became the first sitting [[Prime Minister of Israel|prime minister]] in [[Israel|Israel's]] history to be criminally charged? ===Minnesota=== * ... that the [[United States|U.S. state]] of '''[[Minnesota]]''' got its name from the [[Sioux|Sioux language]], meaning "sky-tinted water" or "cloudy water"? ===Jane Fonda=== [[File:Jane Fonda 1963.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1964, '''[[Jane Fonda]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Americans|American]] actress to have a [[nude|nude scene]] in a foreign movie? ===Valdas Adamkus=== * ... that before becoming [[President of Lithuania]], '''[[Valdas Adamkus]]''' worked for the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]] as a deputy administrator in the 1970s? ===Olivia Rodrigo=== [[File:OlivaRO2150524 (38) (53727178601) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] *...that '''[[Olivia Rodrigo]]''' ''(pictured)'' was inspired by [[Taylor Swift]] to start singing? ===iPhone 14 Pro=== * ... that in 2022, the '''[[iPhone 14 Pro]]''' became the first [[iPhone]] to have an always-on display? ===Karla Sofía Gascón=== [[File:Karla Sofia Gascon at TIFF 2024 the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Karla Sofía Gascón]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[transgender woman]] nominated for a [[Golden Globe Award]] and an [[Academy Award]]? ===Jean-Marie Le Pen=== * ... that in 2015, '''[[Jean-Marie Le Pen]]''' was banned from his own [[National Rally|political party]] by [[Marine Le Pen|his daughter]] after saying good things about the [[gas chamber]]s used in [[The Holocaust]]? ===Wolfgang Schäuble=== * ... that '''[[Wolfgang Schäuble|Wolfgang Schäuble's]]''' 2014 [[budget]] as [[Germany|Germany's]] [[Federal Ministry of Finance (Germany)|Finance Minister]] allowed the country to take on no new [[debt]] for the first time since 1969? ===PewDiePie=== [[File:Pewdiepie head shot.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2016, '''[[PewDiePie]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Youtube]]r to have 50 million subscribers? ===iPhone 8=== * ... that in 2017, the '''[[iPhone 8]]''' became the first [[iPhone]] to have a wireless charger? ===MrBeast=== [[File:CrunchLabs - MrBeast Opened the WRONG BOX!!! (MRus4BCPRyY - 0m28s) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2024, '''[[MrBeast]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the most subscribed [[Youtube]] channel after passing [[T-Series]]? ===iPhone 12 Pro=== * ... that in 2020, the '''[[iPhone 12 Pro]]''' became the first [[iPhone]] to have [[5G]]? ===Pope Clement X=== [[File:Portrait of Pope Clement X, by Giovanni Battista Gaulli (Baciccio) - Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at the age of 79, '''[[Pope Clement X]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the oldest person to be elected [[List of popes|pope]]? ===Ebenezer Scrooge=== * ... that '''[[Ebenezer Scrooge]]''', the main character of ''[[A Christmas Carol]]'', was said to have been inspired by a [[Dutch people|Dutch]] [[grave|gravedigger]]? ===Morris Dees=== [[File:Morris Dees Boston 2015 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that civil rights activist and co-founder of the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]] '''[[Morris Dees]]''' ''(pictured)'' was inspired by [[Atticus Finch]] to become a lawyer? ===Pope Benedict IX=== * ... that '''[[Pope Benedict IX]]''' was likely 12 years old when he became [[List of popes|pope]] and was pope three separate times? ===iPhone 15=== [[File:Apple iPhone 15 Pink (November 1, 2024).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2023, the '''[[IPhone 15|iPhone 15]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[iPhone]] to have a [[USB-C|USB Type C]]? ===Nude calendar=== *... that in 1999, a group of middle-aged Englishwomen posing [[nude]] to raise money for [[leukemia]] research were the first to do a '''[[Nude calendar|nude calendar for charity]]'''? ===Kristrún Frostadóttir=== [[File:Kristrún Frostadóttir 2021.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[2024 Icelandic parliamentary election|2024]] at the age of 36, '''[[Kristrún Frostadóttir]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the youngest [[Prime Minister of Iceland|prime minister]] in [[Iceland|Icelandic history]]? ===Superman (2025 movie)=== * ... that within 24 hours of its release, the [[trailer (movie)|trailer]] for the 2025 [[DC Universe (franchise)|DCU movie]] '''''[[Superman (2025 movie)|Superman]]''''' became the most viewed [[Warner Bros.]] trailer of all time with over 250 million views? ===Manmohan Singh=== [[File:Manmohan Singh 2007.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2004, '''[[Manmohan Singh]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Sikh]] to be elected [[Prime Minister of India]]? ===Chris Hoy=== * ... that six-time Olympic champion cyclist '''[[Chris Hoy]]''' was inspired to cycle at age six because of the 1982 movie ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]''? ===Valkyrae=== [[File:Valkyrae for 100 Thieves (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Valkyrae]]''' ''(pictured)'' has been [[YouTube]]'s most-watched female [[live stream|streamer]] since 2020? ===António Costa=== * ... that '''[[António Costa|António Costa's]]''' time as [[Prime Minister of Portugal]] is the longest of any national leader of the [[Iberian Peninsula]] in the [[21st century]]? ===Dragonfruit=== [[File:Fruits mûrs.JPG|100px|right]] *..that '''[[Dragonfruit|dragonfruits]]''' ''(pictured)'' are the [[fruit]] of a [[cactus]]? ===Pierre Poilievre=== * ... that after being elected to the [[Parliament of Canada]] in [[2004 Canadian federal election|2004]] at the age of 25, future [[Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)|Opposition Leader]] '''[[Pierre Poilievre]]''' was the youngest [[Member of Parliament|MP]] at the time? ===Gracie Abrams=== [[File:Gracie Abrams @ El Rey Theatre 03 05 2022 (52297975314) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that after her song "[[That's So True]]" was number six on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]], '''[[Gracie Abrams]]''' ''(pictured)'' said she wrote the song while [[intoxicated|drunk]]? ===Warren G. Harding=== * ... that in 1922, '''[[Warren G. Harding]]''' became the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to have his voice [[Transmitter|transmitted]] by radio? ===Herbert Hoover=== [[File:President Hoover portrait.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1927 while he was [[United States Secretary of Commerce|Secretary of Commerce]], '''[[Herbert Hoover]]''' ''(pictured)'' appeared on the first public [[demonstration]] of a [[broadcast|television broadcast]] in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===Calvin Coolidge=== * ... that '''[[Calvin Coolidge]]''' was the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to lead a public celebration of the [[Christmas]] holidays? ===Pink elephant=== *..that '''[[Pink elephant|pink elephants]]''' exist because of [[Albinism|albinism]]? ===Franklin Pierce=== [[File:Portrait of Franklin Pierce (by George Peter Alexander Healy, 1853).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that '''[[Franklin Pierce]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to take the [[oath of office]] on a law book instead of the bible? ===William McKinley=== * ... that '''[[William McKinley|William McKinley's]]''' [[inauguration]] was the first to be filmed, making him the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to ever be filmed? ===Michel Barnier=== [[File:Michel Barnier 2020.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2024 at the age of 73, '''[[Michel Barnier]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the oldest [[Prime Minister of France|prime minister]] in the [[French Fifth Republic]]? ===Harry S. Truman=== * ... that in 1945, '''[[Harry S. Truman]]''' became the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] in office to use [[Air Force One|air travel]] within the [[United States|country]]? ===Occupation of the Hainburger Au=== * ... that in 1984, 40,000 people took part in the '''[[Occupation of the Hainburger Au]]''' in [[Vienna]] to [[protest]] against the building of a [[power plant]]? ===Charles Dickens=== [[File:Dickens Gurney head.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Charles Dickens]]''' ''(pictured)'' made less money than expected with the sales of ''[[A Christmas Carol]]'', making £230 instead of his expected £1,000? ===Compulsory sterilization=== *...that to fight [[climate change]], the aid agency of the government of the United Kingdom still supports '''[[Compulsory sterilization|compulsory sterilization]]''' in [[India]]? ===William Henry Harrison=== [[File:William Henry Harrison daguerreotype edit.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that the [[inauguration|inaugural address]] of [[President of the United States|President]] '''[[William Henry Harrison]]''' ''(pictured)'', the first speech of his month-long presidency, is the longest in [[American history]], lasting almost two hours? ===Millard Fillmore=== * ... that in 1851, [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[Millard Fillmore]]''' personally fought a fire at the [[Library of Congress]] and then signed a [[Bill (proposed law)|bill]] to fund all the books destroyed in the fire? ===Zachary Taylor=== [[File:Zachary Taylor restored and cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Zachary Taylor]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the last [[President of the United States]] to own [[slaves]] while he was still in office? ===James Buchanan=== * ... that in 1858, [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[James Buchanan]]''' received the first [[telegram]] sent by the [[Transatlantic telegraph cable]]? ===Holly Cairns=== [[File:Holly Cairns, April 2023 (headshot).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[2020 Irish general election|2020]], future [[Social Democrats (Ireland)|Social Democrats Leader]] '''[[Holly Cairns]]''' ''(pictured)'' ran against her then-boyfriend [[Christopher O'Sullivan]] for a seat in the [[Teachta Dála]]? ===James Monroe=== * ... that '''[[James Monroe]]''' is the only [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] besides [[George Washington]] with a [[Liberia|country's]] [[Monrovia|capital]] named after him? ===Sunflower=== [[File:Helianthus whorl.jpg|right|100px]] *...that the tallest '''[[sunflower]]''' ''(pictured)'' was 9.17 [[metres]] high? ===James A. Garfield=== * ... that [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[James A. Garfield]]''' could write in [[Greek]] with his left [[hand]] and [[Latin]] with his right hand at the same time? ===Antipope Felix V=== [[File:Nuremberg chronicles f 242v 2 (Felix V).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that '''[[Antipope Felix V|Felix V]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the last [[antipope]] in the history of the [[Catholic Church]]? ===Paternalism=== *..that there was a time when [[Ford Motor Company]] checked that their [[employee]]s '''[[Paternalism|regularly went to chuch]]'''? ===Jair Bolsonaro=== [[File:Jair Bolsonaro 2021 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in November 2024, former [[President of Brazil|Brazilian President]] '''[[Jair Bolsonaro]]''' ''(pictured)'' was formally accused by the national police for having knowledge about an [[assassination|assassination plot]] against his [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva|successor]]? ===Chihuahua (dog)=== * ... that the name for '''[[Chihuahua (dog)|Chihuahuas]]''' comes from the [[Na'huatl]] word for "between two waters" and the name is older than the [[Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire|Spanish Conquest of Mexico]]? ===Nancy Reagan=== [[File:Nancy Reagan.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that after [[Ronald Reagan|her husband]] survived an [[Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan|assassination attempt]], [[First Lady of the United States|U.S. First Lady]] '''[[Nancy Reagan]]''' ''(pictured)'' hired an [[astrology|astrologer]] to review and create his schedule to make sure he would be safe? ===Pig=== * ... that '''[[Pig|pigs]]''' have the longest [[orgasm]] in [[mammals]], with an average of 30 minutes, but it can last for as long as 90 minutes? ===The Scream=== [[File:The Scream.jpg||right|100px]] *...that the famous picture, '''''[[The Scream]]''''' ''(pictured)'', is worth 55 million dollars? ===Gotham City=== * ... that '''[[Gotham City]]''', a fictional [[DC Comics]] city, is said to be in [[New Jersey]] and is inspired by [[New York City]], [[Chicago]] and [[London]]? ===Theodore Edgar McCarrick=== [[File:Theodore McCarrick 207-DP-8339A (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2018, '''[[Theodore Edgar McCarrick]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[cardinal (Catholic Church)|Cardinal]] to resign from the [[College of Cardinals]] because of [[sexual abuse]] accusations? ===Brigitte Macron=== * ... that at age 40, '''[[Brigitte Macron|Brigitte Auzière]]''' met her husband, [[Emmanuel Macron]], when he was her 15 year-old student and a classmate of her daughter? ===René Henry Gracida=== * ... that [[bishop]] '''[[René Henry Gracida]]''' [[boycott|boycotted]] [[PepsiCo]] because they used "[[Like a Prayer (song)|Like a Prayer]]" by [[Madonna]] in one of their commercials and thought it was [[Sacrilege|sacrilegious]]? ===Sarah Frey=== [[File:Sarah Frey-Talley (19494902783) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Sarah Frey]]''' ''(pictured)'', who has been called "the Pumpkin Queen of [[United States|America]]", started her [[farm]]ing company at the age of 16? ===Choking game=== *...that a '''[[choking game]]''' is different from [[erotic asphyxiation]], and that most children playing these games do this to get high without taking drugs? ===Harley Quinn=== [[File:Harley Quinn 2015 Calgary Expo – Calgary Comic & Entertainment Expo (17033582449).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[DC Comics]] villain '''[[Harley Quinn]]''' ''(pictured)'' was created for the 1992 series ''[[Batman: The Animated Series]]'' and was only meant to appear in one episode? ===Poison Ivy (character)=== * ... that [[DC Comics]] villain '''[[Poison Ivy (character)|Poison Ivy]]''' was created because there was a need for more female villains on the 1966 series ''[[Batman (TV series)|Batman]]''? ===Catwoman=== [[File:Catwoman cosplayer (33483657440) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Bob Kane|Bob Kane's]] inspirations behind [[DC Comics]] [[antihero]] '''[[Catwoman]]''' ''(pictured)'' included actresses [[Jean Harlow]], [[Hedy Lamarr]], and his own cousin? ===Carmine Falcone=== * ... that [[John Turturro]] refused to play [[DC Comics|comic]] [[mafia|mob boss]] '''[[Carmine Falcone]]''' in TV series ''[[The Penguin (TV series)|The Penguin]]'' because it showed [[violence against women]]? ===Yassamin Ansari=== * ... that [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Yassamin Ansari]]''' was the first [[Iranian Americans|Iranian American]] elected to public office in [[Arizona]] and the second elected to the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Jimmy Carter=== [[File:Words from the President (42757498962) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2024, at the age of 100, former [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[Jimmy Carter]]''' ''(pictured)'' was nominated for a [[Grammy Award]], making him the oldest nominee ever? ===Los Alamos National Laboratory=== * ... that the '''[[Los Alamos National Laboratory]]''', where the [[Manhattan Project]] happened, has almost 900 facilities, thirteen of which are [[Nuclear weapon|nuclear-related]], and costs about $39.1 billion to repair? ===Pear=== [[File:Peer 'Bonne Louise d'Avranches' (Pyrus communis).jpg|right|100px]] *...that there are 3,000 known kinds of '''[[pear]]s''' ''(pictured)'' that are grown worldwide? ===Kemi Badenoch=== [[File:Official portrait of Kemi Badenoch MP crop 2, 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[2024 Conservative Party leadership election|2024]], [[Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party Leader]] '''[[Kemi Badenoch]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Black British|black]] leader of any [[List of political parties in the United Kingdom|major political party]] in the [[United Kingdom]]? ===Popsicle=== *...that the '''[[popsicle]]''' was accidentally made by an eleven-year-old boy named Frank Epperson in 1905? ===Sarah McBride=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Sarah McBride]]''' was elected as the first openly [[transgender]] member of the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]], having already been the first transgender state senator in [[Delaware]]? ===Tulsi Gabbard=== [[File:Tulsi Gabbard, official portrait, 113th Congress (cropped 3).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Tulsi Gabbard]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Samoan Americans|Samoan American]] and the first [[Hindu]] member of the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Miranda Hart=== * ... that in 2017, '''[[Miranda Hart]]''' became the first solo female presenter for the [[Royal Variety Performance]] in 105 years? ===Richard Feynman=== * ... that [[Manhattan Project]] member and [[List of Nobel Prize winners in Physics|Nobel Prize]] winner '''[[Richard Feynman]]''' is said to have helped uncover the reasons behind the [[Space Shuttle Challenger disaster|Space Shuttle ''Challenger'' disaster]]? ===Aella (writer)=== [[File:210919 Aella A Data Driven Approach to Sex Work -hru 3 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Aella (writer)|Aella]]''' ''(pictured)'', one of the highest-earning creators on [[OnlyFans]], also does research about the "[[ecosystem]]" of online [[sex worker]]s? ===Witch child=== *...that even though the practice of '''[[Witch child|killing children suspected of witchcraft]]''' has been done in [[Africa]], children have also been ritually killed in the [[United Kingdom]] for this reason? ===Great Pacific Garbage Patch=== *...that the '''[[Great Pacific Garbage Patch]]''' is at least the size of [[Texas]] and is mostly made of [[ghost net|lost fishing nets]]? ===XXXTentacion=== [[File:XXXTENTACION mugshot 7 14 2016 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that three years after his death, five of '''[[XXXTentacion|XXXTentacion's]]''' ''(pictured)'' unreleased [[SoundCloud]] songs were released as [[Non-fungible token|NFTs]] for charity? ===Mayra Gómez Kemp=== * ... that Cuban-Spanish entertainer '''[[Mayra Gómez Kemp]]''' is believed to be the first woman to host a television quiz show? ===Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō]]''' became the [[Māori King movement|Māori Queen]] at the age of 27, younger than the [[Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani|youngest reigning monarch]] of a [[sovereign nation]]? ===D. B. Cooper=== [[File:DBCooper.jpg|100px|right]] *...that more than fifty years after he jumped from a plane he had [[Aircraft hijacking|hijacked]], '''[[D. B. Cooper|D. B Cooper's]]''' ''(pictured)'' identity is still unknown? === Annalisa === [[File:Annalisa al suo concerto al Forum di Milano.jpg|right|100px]] *...that in 2024, Italian singer '''[[Annalisa]]''' ''(pictured)'' got an [[asteroid]] named after her? ===Reagan (2024 movie)=== * ... that in 2024, [[Facebook]] stopped the biographical movie '''''[[Reagan (2024 movie)|Reagan]]''''' from releasing ads on its platform believing they were trying to impact the [[2024 United States presidential election|2024 U.S. presidential election]]? ===Herbert A. Simon=== * ... that [[economist]] '''[[Herbert A. Simon]]''' is the first person to win a [[Turing Award]] and a [[Nobel Prize]]? ===Han Kang=== [[File:Han Kang - 2017 (cropped).png|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Han Kang]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[South Korea]]n writer and first female writer from [[Asia]] to win the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]? ===Ralph Steinman=== * ... that the [[Nobel Prize|Nobel Committee]] decided that '''[[Ralph Steinman]]''', who died three days before being honored, could keep his [[List of Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine|award]] despite their rule against [[Posthumous award|posthumous recognitions]]? ===Xi Jinping=== [[File:Chinese President Xi May 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Xi Jinping]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party|Chinese leader]] born after the establishment of the [[People's Republic of China]] in 1949? ===Geoffrey Hinton=== * ... that [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel laureate]] '''[[Geoffrey Hinton]]''', who has been called the "godfather of [[Artificial intelligence|AI]]", stopped working for [[Google]] in 2023 to 'freely' talk about the risks of [[AI]]? ===Narendra Modi=== [[File:PM Modi Portrait(cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2014, '''[[Narendra Modi]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Prime Minister of India|Indian prime minister]] to be born after the [[India|country's]] [[Independence Day (India)|independence]] from the [[British Empire]]? ===Donald Sutherland=== * ... that '''[[Donald Sutherland]]''' agreed to play [[Coriolanus Snow]] in ''[[The Hunger Games (movie)|The Hunger Games]]'' because he wanted younger viewers to start a [[Revolution|revolutionary movement]] in the [[United States]]? ===Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands=== [[File:Willem-Alexander Claus George Ferdinand (Isaac Herzog visit to the Netherlands) Portrait.jpeg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2013, '''[[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|King Willem-Alexander]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[List of monarchs of the Netherlands|male monarch]] of [[the Netherlands]] since 1890? ===Dick Schoof=== * ... that in August 2024, [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands|Dutch Prime Minister]] '''[[Dick Schoof]]''' banned members of his [[cabinet]] from using cellphones during meetings to stop the threat of [[espionage]]? ===Amazing Grace=== * ... that the new [[verse]]s in '''"[[Amazing Grace]]"''' that [[Harriet Beecher Stowe]] wrote in ''[[Uncle Tom's Cabin]]'' were passed down in [[African-American]] communities and churches? ===Sabrina Carpenter=== [[File:Sabrina Carpenter - O2 Arena 2025 - 049 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Sabrina Carpenter]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first female artist to hold the number one and two positions on the [[UK Singles Chart|UK singles chart]] for three weeks in a row? ===Sir William Ramsay=== * ... that after discovering [[helium]], [[neon]], [[argon]], [[krypton]], and [[xenon]], '''[[William Ramsay|Sir William Ramsay]]''' helped make [[noble gas]]es a new group in the [[periodic table]]? ===Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki=== * ... that there were about 160 people who were present and survived both of the '''[[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki]]'''? ===Krypton=== *...that the [[chemical element|element]] '''[[Krypton]]''' was found in 1898, but it took over 60 years to find a [[chemical compound]] of Krypton? ===Bernard Hill=== [[File:Bernard Hill cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Bernard Hill]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the only actor to appear in two of the three movies with the most [[Academy Awards]] of all time? ===Teddy bear=== * ... that '''[[Teddy bear|teddy bears]]''' are named after [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[Theodore Roosevelt|Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt]] because he refused to kill a [[bear]] during a hunting event? ===John Hickenlooper=== * ... that before becoming [[Colorado|Colorado's]] [[Governor of Colorado|governor]] and [[United States Senate|senator]], '''[[John Hickenlooper]]''' opened the state's first [[brewpub]]? ===Al Capone=== [[File:Al Capone in 1930.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that a few years after he was released from [[prison]], '''[[Al Capone]]''' ''(pictured)'' had the mental capacity of a 12-year-old even though he was over 40 years old? ===Denver=== * ... that '''[[Denver]]''' is [[nickname]]d the "Mile High City" because its official [[elevation]] is exactly one mile [[above sea level]]? ===Manila=== * ... that '''[[Manila]]''' was established as a [[Muslim]] settlement in the 13th century and later as a Spanish [[colony|colonial]] city in 1571? ===Shigeru Ishiba=== [[File:Ishiba Shigeru 20241001 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1986, future [[Prime Minister of Japan|Japanese Prime Minister]] '''[[Shigeru Ishiba]]''' ''(pictured)'' was elected to the [[House of Representatives (Japan)|House of Representatives]] at age 29, becoming the youngest House member at the time? ===Moulin Rouge=== * ... that about 800 bottles of [[Champagne (wine)|champagne]] are consumed during a typical day at the '''[[Moulin Rouge]]''', likely making it the largest single consumer of champagne in the world? ===Kesaria Abramidze=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Kesaria Abramidze]]''', the first person in the country [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] to admit to being [[transgender]], was murdered a day after the country passed an anti-[[LGBTQ+]] [[Bill (proposed law)|bill]]? ===Ana Brnabić=== [[File:Ana Brnabić 2023.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2017, '''[[Ana Brnabić]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first woman and the first openly [[gay]] person elected as [[Prime Minister of Serbia|Serbian Prime Minister]]? ===Lee Grant=== * ... that '''[[Lee Grant]]''' is the only [[Academy Award]]-winning actor to also direct an Academy Award-winning [[documentary]]? ===Droupadi Murmu=== * ... that '''[[Droupadi Murmu]]''' is the first person born after [[India|India's]] [[Indian independence movement|independence]] in 1947 to have been [[2022 Indian presidential election|elected]] [[President of India|president]]? ===Anna Kendrick=== [[File:Anna Kendrick May 2016.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1998, '''[[Anna Kendrick]]''' ''(pictured)'' was nominated for the [[Tony Award|Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical]] at the age of 12? ===Sophie Wells=== * ... that, even though she won ten [[Paralympic Games|Paralympic]] medals in [[para-equestrian|equestrian]], '''[[Sophie Wells]]''' is [[allergy|allergic]] to horses? ===Anne Hathaway=== * ... that [[Academy Award]]-winning actress '''[[Anne Hathaway]]''' originally wanted to be a [[Catholic]] [[nun]]? ===Otis Davis=== [[File:Otis Davis (1960).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[1960 Summer Olympics|1960]], '''[[Otis Davis]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first man to break the 45-second barrier during a [[400 metres|400 m event]] at the [[Summer Olympics]]? ===Margot Robbie=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Margot Robbie]]''' was named by ''[[Forbes]]'' as the world's highest-paid actress in 2023, with earnings of $78 million? ===Nestor Makhno=== [[File:1921. Нестор Махно в лагере для перемещенных лиц в Румынии (cropped).jpg|100px|right]] *...that '''[[Nestor Makhno]]''' ''(pictured)'' fought against both the [[White Army]] and the [[Red Army]] during the [[Russian Civil War]]? ===Montgomery Bus Boycott=== *...that in 1955, [[Rosa Parks]] was [[arrest]]ed, because she did not give up a '''[[Montgomery bus boycott|seat in a public bus]]'''? ===Audrey Hepburn=== [[File:Audrey Hepburn Roman Holiday cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Audrey Hepburn]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first actress to win an [[Academy Award]], a [[Golden Globe Award]] and a [[BAFTA Award]] for the same role? ===Sir John Gielgud=== * ... that in 1991 at the age of 87, '''[[John Gielgud|Sir John Gielgud]]''' became the oldest [[List of EGOT winners|EGOT winner]] and the first [[LGBT]] person to become one? ===Rita Moreno=== [[File:Rita Moreno in 2000.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Rita Moreno]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Latin America]]n woman to win an [[Academy Award]]? ===The Crown (TV series)=== * ... that the [[Netflix]] [[Emmy Award]]-winning series '''''[[The Crown (TV series)|The Crown]]''''' is an adaptation of the [[West End theatre|West End]] stage play ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]''? === Clipperton Island === *... that '''[[Clipperton Island]]''' has a [[France|French]] [[postal code]], even though [[Desert island|no one lives there]]? ===Richard Rodgers=== [[File:Rodgers.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that American composer '''[[Richard Rodgers]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first person to win [[List of EGOT winners|an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar and a Tony Award]]? ===Parasite (2019 movie)=== * ... that the 2019 [[Korean language]] movie '''''[[Parasite (2019 movie)|Parasite]]''''' was the first non-English movie to win the [[Academy Award for Best Picture]]? === Galápagos Islands === [[File:Galapagos+map.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the '''[[Galápagos Islands]]''' ''(pictured)'' of [[Ecuador]] are famous for inspiring [[Charles Darwin]]'s theory of [[evolution]] by [[natural selection]]? ===Alex Jennings=== * ... that '''[[Alex Jennings]]''' is the only actor to have won the [[Laurence Olivier Award|Olivier Award]]s in the drama, musical and comedy categories? ===James Earl Jones=== [[File:James Earl Jones Baltimore.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1991, '''[[James Earl Jones]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first actor to win two [[Emmy Award]]s in the same year? ===Jeffrey Titford=== * ... that former [[UK Independence Party|UKIP Leader]] '''[[Jeffrey Titford]]''', who was called "the father of [[Brexit]]", was a [[funeral director]] before starting politics? ===Peter Dutton=== * ... that in 2022, [[Leader of the Opposition (Australia)|Australian Opposition Leader]] '''[[Peter Dutton]]''' became the first [[Liberal Party of Australia#Federal Parliamentary Leaders of the Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal Party Leader]] to come from [[Queensland]]? === Koala === [[File:Koala climbing tree.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the '''[[koala]]''' ''(pictured)'' sleeps up to 20 hours a [[day]] because its eucalyptus leaf [[diet]] provides little [[energy]]? ===Mahathir Mohamad=== * ... that in 2018, when '''[[Mahathir Mohamad]]''' became the [[Prime Minister of Malaysia|Malaysian Prime Minister]] again at the age of 92, he also became the world's oldest serving state leader? === Statue of Liberty === [[File:Statue of Liberty 7.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the '''[[Statue of Liberty]]''' ''(pictured)'' was a gift from [[France]] to the [[United States]] in 1886 to celebrate [[United States Declaration of Independence|100 years of independence]]? === Shark === [[File:Great white shark south africa.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that '''[[shark]]s''' ''(pictured)'' have been around for over 400 million years, long before [[dinosaur]]s appeared? ===Ny-Ålesund=== *...that the most northerly [[post office]] in the world is in '''[[Ny-Ålesund]]'''? ===Po (river)=== [[File:View of the Po from Turin.jpg|right|100px]] *...that the '''[[Po (river)|Po River]]''' ''(pictured)'' stretches through five [[Italy|Italian]] cities? ===Lightning=== *...that a bolt of '''[[lightning]]''' can reach [[temperature]]s hotter than the surface of the [[sun]]? ===George VI=== [[File:H.R.H. King George VI and Queen Elizabeth visit the Canadian Pavilion at the World's Fair (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1939, '''[[George VI]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[reign]]ing [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|British monarch]] to visit the [[United States]]? ===Lord Mountbatten=== * ... that many historians believe that in 1968, '''[[Lord Mountbatten]]''', uncle of [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Philip]], was planning a [[coup d'état]] against [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]] [[Harold Wilson]]? ===Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon=== * ... that '''[[Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon]]''' was the first member of the [[British royal family|royal family]] in direct line of succession to be born in [[Scotland]] since the 1600s? ===Diana, Princess of Wales=== [[File:Princess Diana at Accord Hospice.png|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Diana, Princess of Wales]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first [[English people|Englishwoman]] to marry the [[Heir apparent|first-in-line]] to the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|British throne]] since the 1680s? ===Slave breeding in the United States=== *...that when [[slave]] [[import]]s to the [[United States]] were not allowed at the beginning of the 19th century, slaves were '''[[Slave breeding in the United States|bred like cattle]]'''? ===Pope=== *...that the '''[[Pope]]''' cannot be an [[organ donor]]? ===Traffic light=== [[File:東日本大震災から半年後の仙台８ Six Months after The East Japan Earthquake in Sendai8 (8561424208).jpg|right|100px]] *...the '''[[traffic light|traffic lights]]''' are [[blue]] in [[Japan]] ''(pictured)'' because ''ao'' in [[Japanese language|Japanese]] means both [[green]] or blue? ===Tea=== * ... that the country that is '''[[tea|tea's]]''' biggest maker and drinker is [[India]]? ===Concert=== * ... that the [[world]]’s longest '''[[concert]]''' lasted 453 [[hour]]s? ===Rodolfo Hernández Suárez=== * ... that [[Colombia]]n businessman '''[[Rodolfo Hernández Suárez]]''' refused to pay the [[ransom]] of his daughter's kidnapping by a [[Guerrilla warfare|guerrilla group]], citing his family's safety for not paying it? ===Edward VIII=== * ... that historians believe that [[Adolf Hitler]] was ready to make '''[[Edward VIII]]''' the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|king]] again to create a [[fascist]] [[Britain|British]] [[puppet government]] after [[Operation Sea Lion]] in 1940? ===Enceladus=== [[File:PIA17202-SaturnMoon-Enceladus-ApproachingFlyby-20151028.jpg|right|100px]] *...that [[Saturn]]'s moon '''[[Enceladus (moon)|Enceladus]]''' ''(pictured)'' reflects almost all the sunlight it gets, making it the most reflective moon in the [[Solar System]]? ===Kendall Jenner=== * ... that in 2017, '''[[Kendall Jenner]]''' was named the world's highest-paid model by ''[[Forbes]]'', beating model [[Gisele Bündchen]], who had been leading the list for more than 14 years? ===Uranus=== [[File:Uranus as seen by NASA's Voyager 2 (remastered).png|right|100px]] *...that the planet '''[[Uranus]]''' ''(pictured)'' rotates 98 degrees on its side? ===Alfonso Espinosa de los Monteros=== * ... that [[Ecuador]]ian news anchor '''[[Alfonso Espinosa de los Monteros]]''' holds the [[Guinness World Records|Guinness World Record]] for "longest career as a television news broadcaster" for his 56-year-career? ===Titan (moon)=== [[File:Titan in true color.jpg|100px|right]] *...that '''[[Titan (moon)|Titan]]''' ''(pictured)'' may have forms of life in its subsurface oceans? ===Ke Huy Quan=== * ... that in 2023, '''[[Ke Huy Quan]]''', a [[refugee]] of the [[Vietnam War]], became the first [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]]-born actor to win an [[Academy Award]]? ===Peggy Flanagan=== * ... that in 2019, [[Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota]] '''[[Peggy Flanagan]]''' became the highest ranking [[Native American]] woman elected to office in the [[United States]]? ===Chicago Water Tower=== * ... that the '''[[Chicago Water Tower]]''' is the only public tower to survive the [[Great Chicago Fire]] in 1871? ===Sir Shridath Ramphal=== * ... that during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], at age 92, former [[Commonwealth Secretary-General]] '''[[Shridath Ramphal|Sir Shridath Ramphal]]''' was the first lawyer to appear virtually before the [[International Court of Justice]]? ===Broccoli=== [[File:Broccoli and cross section edit.jpg |right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[broccoli]]''' ''(pictured)'' was introduced to [[England]] and the [[United States]] between 1800 and 1900? ===Klein bottle=== *...that true '''[[Klein bottle|Klein bottles]]''' cannot be filled with a [[liquid]]? ===Orange=== [[File:OrangeBloss wb.jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[orange (fruit)|oranges]]''' ''(pictured)'' are one of the few English words that do not rhyme? ===Advance-fee scam=== *...that even though they are common today, the first '''[[advance-fee scam|advance-fee scams]]''' started in the [[18th century]]? ===Apple=== [[File:95apple.jpeg|right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[apple]]s''' ''(pictured)'' were possibly the earliest tree to be [[Farming|cultivated]]? ===Taj Mahal=== [[File:Taj Mahal, Agra, India edit3.jpg|100x100px|right]] *... that the '''[[Taj Mahal]]''' ''(pictured)'' was built by [[Mughal dynasty|Emperor]] [[Shah Jahan]] as a [[mausoleum]] for his wife [[Mumtaz Mahal]]? ===Glasgow=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Glasgow]]''' opened the [[United Kingdom|United Kingdom's]] first official [[Consumerism|consumption]] room for [[illegal drugs]] including [[heroin]] and [[cocaine]]? ===Mona Lisa=== [[File:Mona Lisa, by Leonardo da Vinci, from C2RMF retouched.jpg|100x100px|right]] *...that some believe that the '''''[[Mona Lisa]]''''' ''(pictured)'' has no [[eyebrow]]s because they were accidentally removed during a [[Conservation (art)|restoration]]? ===Photograph (Ed Sheeran song)=== * ... that in 2016, [[Ed Sheeran]] was [[lawsuit|sued]] for $20 million over his song '''"[[Photograph (Ed Sheeran song)|Photograph]]"''' because he was accused of [[copyright infringement]] by the songwriters of "[[Amazing (Matt Cardle song)|Amazing]]"? ===Cheetah=== [[File:Gepardjagt1 (Acinonyx jubatus).jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that the '''[[cheetah]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the fastest land [[animal]], capable of running at speeds up to 75 miles per hour in less than 3 seconds? ===L'Origine du monde=== *...that in 2007, [[postcard]]s showing '''[[L'Origine du monde]]''' were the second-most popular in the [[Musée d'Orsay]]? ===Jill Biden=== [[File:Jill Biden 2024 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at the age of 69, '''[[Jill Biden]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the oldest woman to serve as [[First Lady of the United States]] and the first [[Italian American]] first lady? ===Doug Emhoff=== * ... that before becoming the first [[Second Gentleman of the United States]], '''[[Doug Emhoff]]''' was an entertainment lawyer and represented [[Walmart]] and [[Merck & Co.]]? ===Kamala Harris=== * ... that after 24 hours of '''[[Kamala Harris]]''' announcing her [[Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign|presidential campaign]], she raised $81 million in small-dollar donations, the highest of any candidate in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===Felipe VI=== [[File:Felipe VI in 2023.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Felipe VI]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Monarchy of Spain|Spanish monarch]] to receive and recognize [[LGBT]] organisations at a [[Royal Palace of El Pardo|royal palace]]? ===Silvio Santos=== * ... that '''[[Silvio Santos]]''' hosted his own [[variety show]] from 1963 until 2023 and was called the "greatest personality in the history of [[Brazil]]ian television"? ===Bajrakitiyabha=== [[File:Princess Bajrakitiyabha.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Bajrakitiyabha|Princess Bajrakitiyabha]]''' ''(pictured)'', who was thought to be the next-in-line to the [[Monarchy of Thailand|throne of Thailand]], has been in a [[coma]] since December 2022? ===Daniela Bianchi=== * ... that Italian model and [[Bond girl]] '''[[Daniela Bianchi]]''' was [[Dubbing (filmmaking)|dubbed over]] in ''[[From Russia with Love]]'' by British actress [[Barbara Jefford]] because of her "heavy" accent? === Flamingo === [[File:James's Flamingo mating ritual.jpg|100x100px|right]] *...that a group of '''[[flamingo]]s''' ''(pictured)'' is called a flamboyance? === Shrimp === *... that a '''[[shrimp]]''''s [[heart]] is in its [[head]]? === Giant Panda === [[File:Giant Panda 2004-03-2.jpg|right|100x100px]] * ... that the '''[[giant panda|giant panda's]]''' ''(pictured)'' [[diet]] is 99% [[bamboo]]? === Anglo-Zanzibar War === *... that the shortest [[war]] in history, the '''[[Anglo-Zanzibar War]]''' in 1896, lasted only 38 to 45 minutes? === Hummingbird === [[File:Purple-throated carib hummingbird feeding.jpg|100x100px|right]] *... that '''[[hummingbird]]s''' ''(pictured)'' are the only [[bird]]s that can fly backwards? ===India naming dispute=== *...that '''[[India naming dispute|the name 'India']]''' was first used by the [[Greeks]] to refer specifically to the [[Sindh|Lower Indus Valley]] in [[ancient Pakistan]]? ===Lettuce=== [[Image:Romaine lettuce.jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[lettuce]]''' ''(pictured)'' was one of the first plants brought to America by [[Christopher Columbus]]? ===Royal Air Force=== * ... that the '''[[Royal Air Force]]''' is the oldest [[air force]] in the world? ===Acid rain=== * ... that '''[[acid rain]]''' was a term first used in 1872? ===Lauren Underwood=== [[File:Lauren Underwood official portrait.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2019, at the age of 32, [[registered nurse]] '''[[Lauren Underwood]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the youngest [[African American|Black woman]] to serve in the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Michael Keaton=== * ... that because of [[Screen Actors Guild|SAG]] rules, '''[[Michael Keaton|Michael John Douglas]]''' had to change his name by searching a phone book under "K," saw "Keaton" and decided to pick it as his [[surname]]? ===Jesse Jackson=== * ... that in 1983, [[American Civil Rights Movement|civil rights activist]] '''[[Jesse Jackson]]''' became the first [[African American]] since the [[Reconstruction era]] to address the [[Alabama Legislature]]? ===Paetongtarn Shinawatra=== * ... that in 2024, at the age of 37, '''[[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]]''' became the youngest [[Prime Minister of Thailand|prime minister]] in [[Thailand|Thailand's]] history? ===Kangaroo=== [[File:Kangur.rudy.drs.jpg |right|100x100px]] *...that a female '''[[kangaroo]]''' ''(pictured)'' has three [[vagina]]s? ===Speed dating=== * ... that almost half of the women, and about a quarter of the men participating in '''[[speed dating]]''' make their choice within 30 seconds of meeting the other person? ===Bhumibol Adulyadej=== [[File:King Bhumibol Adulyadej 2010-9-29.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at 70 years, '''[[Bhumibol Adulyadej]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the longest [[Reign|reigning]] [[Monarchy of Thailand|Thai monarch]] and the longest of an independent [[Asian]] sovereign? ===Srettha Thavisin=== * ... that at {{convert|1.92|m|ftin}} tall, former [[Prime Minister of Thailand|Thai Prime Minister]] '''[[Srettha Thavisin]]''' was the tallest leader within [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations|ASEAN]]? ===Yingluck Shinawatra=== [[File:9153ri-Yingluck Shinawatra.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2011, '''[[Yingluck Shinawatra]]''' ''(pictured)'' became [[Thailand|Thailand's]] first female [[Prime Minister of Thailand|prime minister]] and its youngest in 60 years? ===Octopus=== *...that '''[[octopus]]es''' have three [[heart]]s; two for the [[gill]]s and one for the rest of the body? ===Spaghetti=== *...that a single [[strand]] of '''[[spaghetti]]''' is called a "spaghetto"? ===Eraser=== *...that before the 1700s, people used wet [[bread]] as '''[[erasers]]'''? ===Number=== *...that no '''[[number]]''' before 1,000 contains the [[letter]] [[A]]? ===Pluto=== *...that the [[ratio]] between the [[masses]] of '''[[Pluto]]''' and its moon [[Charon]] is so great that it is sometimes called a binary system? ===Maho Beach=== [[File:747-400 City of Bangkok landing at Princess Juliana 11-27-2012b.jpg|right|110px]] * ... that '''[[Maho Beach]]''' ''(pictured)'', in [[Saint Martin|Saint Martin island]], is directly across an [[Princess Juliana International Airport|airport]] and [[Fixed-wing aircraft|airplanes]] can be about 100 feet above beach goers? ===Buenos Aires=== *... that in 2005, '''[[Buenos Aires]]''' became the first [[UNESCO]] City of Design because of the city's [[architecture]] and [[fashion design|fashion design culture]]? ===Susan Wojcicki=== * ... that former CEO of [[YouTube]] '''[[Susan Wojcicki]]''' also helped create [[Google]] when she [[Renting|rented]] her garage as an office for the company's founders in 1998? ===Christopher Plummer=== * ... that '''[[Christopher Plummer]]''' is the only [[Canadians|Canadian]] actor to have won the "[[Triple Crown of Acting]]"? ===Haumea (dwarf planet)=== [[File:Haumea rotation with ring.gif|right|100x100px]] *...that because the [[dwarf planet]] '''[[Haumea (dwarf planet)|Haumea]]''' (''pictured'') was discovered shortly after [[Christmas]], it was originally called Santa? ===Titan=== * ...that [[Saturn]]'s biggest moon '''[[Titan (moon)|Titan]]''' could possibly have a subsurface [[ocean]]? ===Venus=== [[File:Venus from Mariner 10.jpg |right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[Venus]]''' ''(pictured)'' is called Earth's evil twin because it has [[sulphuric acid]] in its [[clouds]]? ===Lavinia Fontana=== [[File:Lavinia Fontana - Autoritratto (ca. 1577-85).jpg|100px|right]] *...that '''[[Lavinia Fontana]]''' (''self-portrait shown''), a 16th century painter, may have been the first woman to paint female [[nude (art)|nudes]]? ===Strawberry=== *... that [[Botany|botanically]] speaking, [[bananas]] are berries, but '''[[Strawberry|strawberries]]''' are not? ===Blood=== *...that there are traces of [[gold]] found in '''[[blood]]''' in the human body? ===Kangaroo rat=== [[File:kangaroo-rat.jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that the [[Nocturnal animals|nocturnal]] [[rodent]] the '''[[Kangaroo rat]]''' ''(pictured)'' has more efficient [[kidney]]s than humans do? ===Tokyo=== * ... that '''[[Tokyo]]''' started as a small fishing village known as [[Edo]] in the 1400s? ===Beijing=== * ... that throughout its history, '''[[Beijing]]''' was the [[China|Chinese]] capital six times? ===Michèle George=== [[File:Michle-george-1352493767.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[equestrianism|equestrian]] '''[[Michèle George]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first winner of a gold medal in [[para-dressage]] for [[Belgium]]? ===Tim Walz=== * ... that in 2007, then-[[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Tim Walz]]''' became the highest-ranking retired [[Enlisted rank|enlisted soldier]] ever to serve in [[United States Congress|Congress]]? ===Sir Lawrence Bragg=== [[File:Wl-bragg.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at age 25, physicist '''[[Lawrence Bragg|Sir Lawrence Bragg]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the youngest person to win a [[Nobel Prize]]? ===Guinea pig=== *... that the term '''[[Guinea pig]]''' is [[slang]] for being the first to try something? ===Taylor Swift=== [[File:Taylor Swift at the Golden Globes 2024 (Enhanced, cropped) 1.jpg |right|100px]] * ... that thirteen-time [[Grammy Awards]] winner '''[[Taylor Swift]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first musician to become a [[billionaire]] based on songs and performances as their [[revenue]]? ===Pete Buttigieg=== * ... that [[United States Secretary of Transportation|U.S. Transportation Secretary]] '''[[Pete Buttigieg]]''' is the first openly [[gay]] individual and first [[millennial]] to be a member of the [[United States Cabinet|U.S. Cabinet]]? ===Berlin=== * ... that '''[[Berlin]]''' is the only city in the world that hosts three [[opera house]]s? ===Janet Yellen=== * ... that '''[[Janet Yellen]]''' is the first person in [[History of the United States|American history]] to lead the three most powerful economic bodies in the [[Federal government]]: the [[United States Department of the Treasury|Treasury Department]], the [[Federal Reserve]], and the [[Council of Economic Advisers]]? ===Hakeem Jeffries=== [[File:Rep-Hakeem-Jeffries-Official-Portrait.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Hakeem Jeffries]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[African-American]] to serve as a [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|congressional party leader]]? ===Truman Show delusion=== *... that the '''[[Truman Show delusion|''Truman Show'' delusion]]''' is named after [[The Truman Show|the movie with the same name]], because some of the first patients said it provided a good description of what the condition felt like? ===Makemake (dwarf planet)=== [[File:Makemake and its moon.jpg|right|100px]] * ...that the [[dwarf planet]] '''[[Makemake (dwarf planet)|Makemake]]''' ''(pictured)'' used to be called [[Easter Bunny]] when it was first found? ===Depression (mental illness)=== * ... several scientific studies have found a link between '''[[Depression (mental illness)|depression]]''' and [[pesticide]]s? ===Charles Darwin=== * ... that while studying at [[Christ's College, Cambridge]], '''[[Charles Darwin]]''' formed a club called "the Gourmet Club" in which he would eat [[Exotic pet|exotic animals]]? ===Rome=== * ... that at 1,500 [[fountain]]s, '''[[Rome]]''' has the most fountains of any city in the world? ===Priti Patel=== [[File:Priti Patel Official Cabinet Portrait, September 2021 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2019, '''[[Priti Patel]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[British Indians|British Indian]] to serve as [[Home Secretary]]? ===Toronto=== * ... that in 2021, 51% of '''[[Toronto]]''' residents were born outside [[Canada]] with 45% of the city's residents speaking a [[First language|first language]] other than French or English? ===Madrid=== * ... that '''[[Madrid|Madrid's]]''' name comes from the [[Arabic]] word ''magerit'', meaning “place of many [[stream]]s"? ===Joe Biden=== [[File:President Joe Biden delivers remarks from the Oval Office (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2024, '''[[Joe Biden]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[incumbent]] [[President of the United States|president]] in [[History of the United States|American history]] to [[Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election|withdraw from reelection]] since [[1968 United States presidential election|1968]]? ===Romance Scam=== *...that people lose more money to '''[[romance scam]]s''' than to other similar types of [[scam]]? ===Rachel Reeves=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Rachel Reeves]]''' became the first female [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]]? ===Deb Haaland=== [[File:Deb Haaland official portrait, 116th congress 2 (1).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2021, [[United States Secretary of the Interior|Interior Secretary]] '''[[Deb Haaland]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Native American]] [[Cabinet of the United States|Cabinet secretary]] in [[History of the United States|U.S. history]]? ===Amsterdam=== * ... that '''[[Amsterdam]]''' sits at two meters below [[sea level]] and is built on soft [[peat]] and [[clay]] in order to stay above water? ===Rio de Janeiro=== * ... that '''[[Rio de Janeiro]]''' is named for a river that does not exist after [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] [[explorer]]s mistook an [[Bay|oceanic bay]] for a river? ===Sexual slavery=== *...that estimates of the number of '''[[sexual slavery|sex slaves]]''' in 2001 varied between 400,000 and 1.75 million? ===Potsdam=== * ... that '''[[Potsdam]]''' was intended as "a picturesque, [[Pasture|pastoral]] dream" which would remind its people of their relationship with [[nature]] and reason? ===Myriam Spiteri Debono=== * ... that [[President of Malta]] '''[[Myriam Spiteri Debono]]''' is a [[technophobia|technophobe]] and uses her husband's [[email]] account for official duties? ===Cheng Pei-pei=== [[File:Cheng Pei Pei (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Chinese people|Chinese]] actress '''[[Cheng Pei-pei]]''' ''(pictured)'', who was nicknamed the "Queen of [[Kung-fu|Kung Fu]]", was thought to be cinema's first female [[Action movie|action]] hero? ===We Didn't Start the Fire (Fall Out Boy song)=== * ... that the 2023 song '''"[[We Didn't Start the Fire (Fall Out Boy song)|We Didn't Start the Fire]]"''', which covers popular events from 1989 to 2023, did not mention the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] because it could not [[rhyme]] with ''[[Bush v. Gore]]''? ===JD Vance=== * ... that [[Vice President of the United States]] '''[[JD Vance]]''' is the first [[millennial]] to be on a presidential ticket of a major party in the [[United States]]? ===Sir Keir Starmer=== [[File:Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer Official Portrait (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that the [[Cabinet of the United Kingdom|cabinet]] of [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]] '''[[Keir Starmer|Sir Keir Starmer]]''' ''(pictured)'' has the most female ministers in the [[United Kingdom|country's]] history? ===Stanford prison experiment=== <!--[[File:SPE1971-prisoner-breaks-down.jpg|100px|right]]--> *...that the '''[[Stanford prison experiment]]''' was stopped after six days, because guards had started to [[torture]] prisoners? ===Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania=== * ... that within one day of [[Donald Trump|Donald Trump's]] '''[[Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania|attempted assassination]]''' in [[Pennsylvania]], [[Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign|his campaign]] raised over $2 million for his supporters who were hurt or killed in the shooting? ===Dennis Skinner=== * ... that '''[[Dennis Skinner]]''' was [[:wikt:suspension|suspended]] from the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|British Parliament]] at least ten times for calling members inappropriate names including former [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] [[David Cameron]]? ===Phoenix, Arizona=== * ... that '''[[Phoenix, Arizona]]''' is the most populated [[state capital]] of the [[United States]]? ===Masoud Pezeshkian=== [[File:Masoud Pezeshkian, 2024-6-12 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that before entering politics, [[President of Iran]] '''[[Masoud Pezeshkian]]''' ''(pictured)'' was a heart [[surgeon]]? ===Enumclaw horse sex case=== * … that one of the most read articles of ''[[The Seattle Times]]'' in 2005 was about a man who died after '''[[Enumclaw horse sex case|having sex with a horse]]'''? ===Steven Chu=== * ... that former [[United States Secretary of Energy|U.S. Secretary of Energy]] '''[[Steven Chu]]''' became the first [[Nobel Prize]] winner to have a position in the [[United States Cabinet|U.S. Cabinet]] in 2009? ===Robert Pickton=== * ... that [[serial killer]] '''[[Robert Pickton]]''' told an [[Covert operation|undercover officer]] that he killed 49 people and wished he killed one more to make it an "even fifty"? ===Blanche Lincoln=== [[File:Blanche Lincoln, 2007.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at the age of 38, '''[[Blanche Lincoln]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the youngest woman ever elected to the [[United States Senate]]? ===Devil=== * ... that in the [[Koran]], the '''[[Devil]]''' often appears as an animal and tries to get people to do the wrong thing? ===Anti-tobacco movement in Nazi Germany=== *...that when they found a link between [[smoking]] and [[lung cancer]] in 1940, the [[Nazi]]s created the '''[[Anti-tobacco movement in Nazi Germany|first anti-smoking campaign]]''' in modern history? ===Gregory Peck=== * ... that [[Academy Award]]-winning actor '''[[Gregory Peck]]''' said that he was almost offered the [[ambassador|ambassadorship]] to [[Ireland]] by President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]? ===Gabriel García Márquez=== [[File:Gabriel Garcia Marquez2 (2009).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Colombia]]n [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] winner '''[[Gabriel García Márquez]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the most-[[translation|translated]] Spanish-language author? ===Dixy Lee Ray=== * ... that '''[[Dixy Lee Ray]]''', the first female [[Governor of Washington]], was also the youngest girl to [[summit]] [[Mount Rainier]]? === India === *...that the name '''[[India]]''' comes from the [[Indus River]], which is located mostly in [[Pakistan]] and is the [[National symbols of Pakistan|national river]] of the country? ===Claudia Sheinbaum=== * ... that [[President of Mexico|President-elect of Mexico]] '''[[Claudia Sheinbaum]]''' was a member of the [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]] when they won a [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in 2007? ===Katherine Johnson=== [[File:NASA human computers - Katherine Coleman Goble Johnson.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Katherine Johnson]]''' ''(pictured)'' was called one of the first [[African-American]] women to work as a [[NASA]] scientist? ===Buzz Aldrin=== * ... that when '''[[Buzz Aldrin]]''' walked on the [[Moon]] during the [[Apollo 11]] mission, he took [[Eucharist|communion]] and became the first and only person to hold a religious ceremony on the Moon? ===Françoise Hardy=== [[File:FrancoiseHardy-1967-Venise-ReportagePhoto.png|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Françoise Hardy]]''' ''(pictured)'', a popular singer of the [[Yé-yé]] style of music, was also an [[astrology|astrologist]] and wrote books about it? ===Mason–Dixon line=== *...that [[surveyor]]s were hired to fix the border between [[Maryland]] and [[Pennsylvania]], after people had become tired of the '''[[Mason–Dixon line|violence between the two colonies]]'''? ===Ronald Reagan=== * ... that after [[Korean Air Lines Flight 007]] was shot down in 1983, [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[Ronald Reagan]]''' announced that the American military's [[GPS]] would be allowed for [[civilian]] use? ===Seven Nation Army=== * ... that when [[Jack White]] created the [[riff]] for '''"[[Seven Nation Army]]"''', he wanted it used for a [[James Bond]] theme, however he decided to make it into a separate song because he thought that would never happen? ===John Quincy Adams=== * ... that [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[John Quincy Adams]]''', who led the fight against [[slavery]] in [[United States Congress|Congress]], was fluent in [[Latin]] and [[French language|French]]? ===Carl Sagan=== [[File:Carl Sagan Planetary Society cropped.png|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Carl Sagan]]''' ''(pictured)'' said that smoking [[cannabis]] helped him in writing his books? ===Vegetable=== * ... that in 1893 the [[United States Supreme Court]] declared that the [[fruit]] [[Tomato]] is a '''[[vegetable]]''' for [[taxation]] purposes? ===Adolf Hitler=== * ... that according to historians, '''[[Adolf Hitler]]''' had only one [[testicle]]? ===Ebrahim Raisi=== * ... that former [[President of Iran|President]] '''[[Ebrahim Raisi]]''' was nicknamed "the Butcher of [[Tehran]]" for his role on the "death committee" during the [[1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners|1988 mass executions]] of [[Iranian people|Iranian]] [[political prisoners]]? ===Solovey (Go_A song)=== * ... that "'''[[Solovey (Go A song)|Solovey]]'''" was the first song in the history of [[Eurovision Song Contest|Eurovision]] to be fully in the [[Ukrainian language]]? ===Jamie Lee Curtis=== [[File:Jamie Lee Curtis (28770868877) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Academy Award]]-winning actress '''[[Jamie Lee Curtis]]''' ''(pictured)'' did not want to be called Baroness [[Christopher Guest|Haden-Guest]] because she said the title has nothing to do with her? ===Murder of Linda Andersen=== *...that '''[[Murder of Linda Andersen|two girls who killed their mother]]''' when they were [[teenager]]s successfully studied at [[university]], after serving their sentence; one became a [[lawyer]] and the other a [[scientist]]? ===William Shockley=== * ... that [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] winning physicist '''[[William Shockley]]''' ran for the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] in 1982 because of the "[[Dysgenics|dysgenic threat]]" he believed [[African Americans|African-Americans]] created? ===Giorgia Meloni=== [[File:Giorgia Meloni Official 2022 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Giorgia Meloni]]''' ''(pictured)'', who was elected in [[2022 Italian general election|2022]], is [[Italy|Italy's]] first female [[Prime Minister of Italy|prime minister]]? ===Marianne Wiggins=== * ... that when Muslims were ordered to kill [[Salman Rushdie]], his wife '''[[Marianne Wiggins]]''' also started hiding, even though she told him five days earlier that she did not want to be married to him anymore? ===Dick Van Dyke=== [[File:Dick Van Dyke by Gage Skidmore.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at age 98, '''[[Dick Van Dyke]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the oldest person to be nominated and win a [[Daytime Emmy Award]]? ===Andrew Johnson=== * ... that a proposal to [[impeachment|impeach]] [[President of the United States]] '''[[Andrew Johnson]]''' in 1868 failed by one vote? ===Russia=== * ... that '''[[Russia]]''' got its name from a [[Medieval Latin]] name for the [[Kievan Rus']]? ===Cynisca=== *...that even though [[women]] were forbidden from attending the [[Ancient Olympic Games]], [[Sparta]]n [[princess]] '''[[Cynisca]]''' won them twice? ===Nude recreation=== *...that when a [[museum]] in [[Vienna]] offered a '''[[nude recreation|naked museum tour]]''' of a [[controversial]] [[exhibition]] called ''Nude Men'' in February 2013, more than 60 people attended that tour? ===Dishwasher=== *...that a [[socialite]] who was worried that her dishes would break while they were being washed came up with a successful design of a '''[[dishwasher]]''' in the late 19th century? ===Pete McCloskey=== * ... that in 1967, [[Purple Heart]] [[Korean War]] veteran '''[[Pete McCloskey]]''' won against child actress [[Shirley Temple]] in a [[special election]] for the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]? ===Simon Harris=== * ... that at age 37, '''[[Simon Harris]]''' is the youngest person to become [[Ireland|Ireland's]] [[Taoiseach]]? ===Mary Peltola=== [[File:Mary Peltola celebrating reeelection (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Mary Peltola]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Alaska Natives|Alaskan Native]] member of [[United States Congress|congress]]? ===Ima Keithel=== * ... that '''[[Ima Keithel]]''' is a [[market]] in [[Manipur]] that is the only one run by women alone? ===Pubic hair=== *... that four out of five women, and about half of the men in the [[United States]] trim or remove their '''[[pubic hair]]'''? ===Olaf Scholz=== * ... that '''[[Olaf Scholz]]''' is the first [[Chancellor of Germany|Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany]] to not be a member of the [[Protestant Church in Germany|Protestant Church]]? ===Ursula von der Leyen=== * ... that when she was elected in 2019, '''[[Ursula von der Leyen]]''' became the first female [[President of the European Commission]]? ===Dance the Night=== * ... that [[Mark Ronson]] wrote a song for the [[Rehearsal|dance rehearsals]] of the movie ''[[Barbie (movie)|Barbie]]'' which later became "'''[[Dance the Night]]'''"? ===Gottfried Böhm=== [[File:Gottfried Böhm 2015.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1986, '''[[Gottfried Böhm]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first [[German people|German]] [[architect]] to win a [[Pritzker Prize]]? ===Sahara=== * ... that in the last hundred years, the '''[[Sahara]]''' has grown by about ten percent because of [[desertification]]? ===José Andrés=== * ... that chef and [[humanitarianism|humanitarian]] '''[[José Andrés]]''' is said to have made [[Tapas|small plates dining]] popular in the [[United States]]? ===Red Sea crisis=== * ... that the first event in the history of [[space warfare]] occurred during the '''[[Red Sea crisis]]'''? ===Trina Robbins=== [[File:Trina Robbins 2010 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1970, cartoonist '''[[Trina Robbins]]''' ''(pictured)'' helped create the first [[comic book]] entirely produced by women? ===Sultan bin Salman Al Saud=== * ... that '''[[Sultan bin Salman Al Saud]]''', the son of [[Salman of Saudi Arabia|Saudi King Salman]], is the first member of a royal family to fly in [[outer space|space]] as well as the first Arab and the first [[Muslim]] to do so? === Ostrich === *... that '''[[ostrich]]es''' have the biggest eyes among all [[terrestrial animals]]? === Names of Pakistan === [[File:British Indian Empire 1909 Imperial Gazetteer of India.jpg|100x100px|right]] *... that the '''[[Names of Pakistan|name of modern Pakistan]]''' ''(pictured)'' is an [[acronym]] derived from the five regions of the [[British Raj]]: [[Punjab (Pakistan)|''P''unjab]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|''A''fghania]], [[Kashmir|''K''ashmir]], [[Sindh|''S''indh]], and [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Baluchis''tan'']]? === Akkadian Empire === [[File:Empire akkad.svg|100x100px|right]] *... that the '''[[Akkad|Akkadian Empire]]''' ''(pictured)'' of [[Mesopotamia]] is the oldest known [[empire]] in history? ===Houston=== * ... that after [[New York City]], '''[[Houston]]''' has the most [[Fortune 500|''Fortune'' 500]] headquarters of any [[United States|American]] city within its city limits? === Total Eclipse of the Heart === * ... that leading up to the [[solar eclipse of August 21, 2017]], the [[streaming media|streams]] for [[Bonnie Tyler]]'s 1983 single '''"[[Total Eclipse of the Heart]]"''' went up 827% globally? === Ancient Pakistan === [[File:Indus script.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the oldest recorded name of '''[[Ancient Pakistan]]''' ''(pictured)'' is Meluhha, the [[Sumer]]ian name for the [[Indus Valley Civilization|Indus Valley]]? ===Charles Michel=== * ... that when '''[[Charles Michel]]''' became the [[Prime Minister of Belgium]] in 2014, he was the youngest Belgian prime minister in 173 years? ===Jörn Donner=== [[File:Jörn Donner in 2014 06.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that director '''[[Jörn Donner]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first and, to date, only person from [[Finland]] to win an [[Academy Award]]? ===Katie Britt=== * ... that [[Alabama]] [[United States Senator|U.S. Senator]] '''[[Katie Britt]]''' was [[criticism|criticized]] for giving her [[response to the State of the Union address|response]] to the [[State of the Union address]] from her [[kitchen]]? ===Gandhara=== *... that the region of '''[[Gandhara]]''' in [[Pakistan]] is the second holy land of [[Buddhism]], the first being [[Magadha]] in [[Nepal]] and [[India]]? ===Olivia Rodrigo=== [[File:Olivia Rodrigo @ Theatre at Ace Hotel 10 09 2023 (53423735984).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Olivia Rodrigo]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first artist to have their first two releases in the top 10 on [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]]? ===Lyndon B. Johnson=== * ... that at age 42, '''[[Lyndon B. Johnson]]''' was the youngest [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|leader]] of the [[United States Senate]] in [[American history]]? ===Kristi Noem=== [[File:Noem Portrait (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that when '''[[Kristi Noem]]''' ''(pictured)'' was a [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]], she took online college classes and received [[internship|intern credits]] because she was a congresswoman? ===Marianne Williamson=== * ... that before running for [[President of the United States]] in [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]] and [[2024 United States presidential election|2024]], '''[[Marianne Williamson]]''' was a [[The New York Times Best Seller list|''New York Times'' best selling]] [[spirituality|spiritual writer]] and was nicknamed "[[Oprah Winfrey|Oprah's]] spiritual advisor"? ===Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine=== * ... that even though '''[[Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine|Belarus helped Russia]]''' with [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|their invasion of Ukraine]], [[President of Belarus|President]] [[Alexander Lukashenko]] said that there is "no way" [[Belarus|Belarusian]] soldiers will attack [[Ukraine]]? ===J. Robert Oppenheimer=== * ... that in 2022, '''[[J. Robert Oppenheimer|J. Robert Oppenheimer's]]''' [[security clearance]] was given back to him, 68 years after it was controversially removed during the [[Red scare|Second Red scare]]? ===Chicago River=== [[File:The Chicago River turns green for St. Patrick's Day. 2018 (26997623508).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that the tradition of [[dye|dyeing]] the '''[[Chicago River]]''' green ''(pictured)'' for [[Saint Patrick's Day]] started by accident in 1961 when plumbers accidentally spilled [[fluorescein]] into the river? ===Functional illiteracy=== *...that 14% of the [[adult]]s living in the [[United States]] have problems in their everyday life, because they cannot '''[[functional illiteracy|read and write well enough]]'''? ===Kirby's Dream Course=== *...that '''''[[Kirby's Dream Course]]''''' was not originally going to be a ''[[Kirby (series)|Kirby]]'' game, and the version without Kirby was later released on the [[Satellaview]]? ===Harvard University=== * ... that eight [[Presidents of the United States]] have [[graduated]] from '''[[Harvard University]]'''? ===Japanese spider crab=== *... that the '''[[Japanese spider crab]]''' has the largest leg span among any [[arthropod]] in the world? ===Toby Fox=== *...that '''[[Toby Fox|Toby Fox's]]''' first important work was a [[Halloween]] version of ''[[EarthBound]]''? ===The Godfather=== * ... that '''''[[The Godfather]]''''' made over $100 million in the [[box office]] 18 weeks after its release in 1972, making it the fastest movie to reach that number? ===Abortion in France=== *...that '''[[abortion in France]]''' was protected in the French [[constitution]] in March 2024, making France the only country to have abortion as a constitutional right? ===O'Hare station train crash=== [[File:OHare Airport L crash, March 2014.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in March 2014, a [[Chicago]] [[Blue Line (CTA)|subway train]] '''[[O'Hare station train crash|crashed]]''' ''(pictured)'' at the [[O'Hare International Airport]] because the conductor fell asleep while operating? ===Paracetamol=== *...that '''[[Paracetamol]]''' ''(acetaminophen)'' is the main cause of [[liver failure]] in the [[United States]] and [[Great Britain]]? ===Mario Party 8=== * ... that '''''[[Mario Party 8]]''''' was removed from stores in the [[United Kingdom]] after a [[slur]] was found in the game? ===Eswatini=== * ... that Swaziland changed their name to '''[[Eswatini]]''' because the old name sounded too similar to [[Switzerland]]? ===Alejandro Mayorkas=== * ... that [[United States Secretary of Homeland Security|U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security]] '''[[Alejandro Mayorkas]]''' is the first [[United States Cabinet]] member to be [[impeachment|impeached]] since 1876? ===Kuwaiti dinar=== *... that the '''[[Kuwaiti dinar]]''' is the most valuable [[currency]] in the world? ===Carnivorous plant=== *... that different [[plant]]s developed the '''[[carnivorous plant|ability to catch and trap insects]]''' at least six times? ===Super Bowl LVIII=== * ... that '''[[Super Bowl LVIII]]''' is the most watched [[United States]] broadcast since the [[Apollo 11]] moon landing? ===Liverpool Women's Hospital bombing=== * ...that the [[taxi]] driver in the '''[[Liverpool Women's Hospital bombing]]''' was called a [[hero]] for locking the [[terrorist]] inside of his taxi? ===Acoustic Kitty=== *...that in the 1960s, the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] fitted [[cat]]s to '''[[Acoustic Kitty|act as spies]]'''? ===The Typewriter=== *...that in the 1950s, [[Leroy Anderson]] composed '''[[The Typewriter|a piece of music]]''' for the [[typewriter]] and [[orchestra]]? ===Pesse canoe=== [[File:Boomstamkano van Pesse, Drents Museum, 1955-VIII-2.jpg|right|100px]] *... that the '''[[Pesse canoe]]''' ''(pictured)'', a [[Dugout canoe|dugout]] dating back to between 7500 and 8000 [[BCE]], may be one of the world's oldest [[boat]]s? === Medieval philosophy === *... that '''[[Medieval philosophy]]''' began in the historic city of [[Baghdad]], now the capital of [[Iraq]], in the [[8th century]]? ===Poultry=== *... that '''[[Poultry]]''' is the second most eaten type of [[meat]] after [[pork]]? ===In Guezzam=== *...that in '''[[In Guezzam]]''' less than four out of ten people [[literacy|can read or write]]? ===Suriname=== *...that in '''[[Suriname]]''' most people who cannot read or write are women? === Masjid al-Haram === [[File:Great Mosque of Mecca.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the '''[[Masjid al-Haram]]''' ''(pictured)'' in [[Makkah]], [[Saudi Arabia]] is the largest [[mosque]] in the world and is also the most expensive building on [[Earth]]? ===2024 Ecuadorian conflict=== * ... that in January 2024, several armed gang members '''[[2024 Ecuadorian conflict|stormed a television studio]]''' in [[Guayaquil]], [[Ecuador]] while it was broadcasting live? ===Meat-Shaped Stone=== [[File:Meat-Shaped Stone Gathering of Treasures 1.jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that the '''''[[Meat-Shaped Stone]]''''' ''(pictured)'' is one of the Three Treasures of the [[National Palace Museum]] in [[Taiwan]]? ===25 or 6 to 4=== * ... that the [[Chicago (band)|Chicago]] song "'''[[25 or 6 to 4]]'''" was banned in [[Singapore]] from 1970 to 1993 because the country thought the song was about drugs? ===Madison Marsh=== [[File:Active Duty Miss America (4) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[Miss America 2024|2024]], [[Second_lieutenant#United_States|second lieutenant]] '''[[Madison Marsh]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first member of the [[United States Armed Forces|U.S. Armed Forces]] to win the [[Miss America|Miss America title]]? ===Postpartum depression=== * ... that '''[[postpartum depression]]''' affects more women living in [[Human Development Index|low and middle income countries]] than those living in high income countries? ===Trump International Hotel and Tower=== * ... that because of [[Donald Trump]] adding a large sign with his name on the '''[[Trump International Hotel and Tower]]''', [[Chicago]] considered changing its rules for future sign-building on its skyscrapers? ===875 North Michigan Avenue=== * ... that '''[[875 North Michigan Avenue]]''' in [[Chicago]] has the highest indoor swimming pool in the [[United States]]? ===iPhone 6=== [[File:IPhone 6 bottom.png|right|100px]] * ... that over ten million '''[[iPhone 6]]''' ''(pictured)'' were sold in the first week of its release in 2014, making it one of best-selling [[touchscreen]] phones of all time? ===Moscow=== * ... that '''[[Moscow]]''' is the largest city by [[land area]] on the [[Europe|European continent]]? ===Pineapple=== * ... that '''[[pineapple]]s''' can take two or three years to grow? gteijysm5d3195fbhj3flomh4ptlqhp 10368980 10368979 2025-07-03T05:10:40Z Raayaan9911 1495229 Moved 10368980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bots|optout=SIGN}} This page is for nominations to appear in the "Did you know" section on the [[Main Page]]. To discuss Did You Know please use [[Wikipedia talk:Did you know]]. <center><big>'''[[Template talk:Did you know#Nominations|SKIP TO NOMINATIONS]]'''</big></center> {{DYKbox}} {{tocright}} == Instructions == '''Did you know?''' (DYK) entries are interesting facts that many people may not know. On this page possible entries are listed and members of the DYK project assess the nominations for the DYK section. DYKs are listed on the [[Main Page]]. === How to enter a DYK === List articles on this page under the '''Nominations''' area, below. The newest nominations go at the top. If you would like to make a nomination, you should read the rules below. If there is a picture that you would like to see used with your nomination, please add it with your nomination as shown below. Any user may nominate a DYK suggestion. {{Wikipedia:Did you know}} == Chart == Please use one of the following templates when reviewing nominations. {| class="wikitable" width=100% ! width=10% | Symbol !! width=10% | Code !! width=10% | Ready for DYK? !! width=50% | Description |- align="center" |- align="center" | [[File:Symbol confirmed.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKyes}}</nowiki> || Yes || align="left" | No problems, ready for DYK |- align="center" | [[File:Pictogram voting keep.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKagf}}</nowiki> || Yes, [[Wikipedia:Assume good faith|WP:AGF]] || align="left" | Hook cited to a source not on the Internet, but to a reliable publication. |- align="center" | [[File:Pictogram reply.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKfixed}}</nowiki> || Yes, issue fixed. || align="left" | The issue preventing DYK, or the request for improvement has now been fixed. |- align="center" | [[File:Symbol possible vote.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKalmost}}</nowiki> || Almost || align="left" | Article is on the way to being ready for DYK, but the reviewer has questions. |- align="center" | [[File:Symbol delete vote.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKno}}</nowiki> || No || align="left" | Article is unable to be used on DYK, the time limit has passed, or there are larger reservations. |} {{DYK-Refresh}} <!--<center><big>'''{{#ifeq:{{Did you know/Queue/EmpQ}}||ALL QUEUES ARE FULL AT THE MOMENT.|THE NEXT EMPTY QUEUE IS [[Template:Did you know/Queue/{{Did you know/Queue/EmpQ}}]] AND}} THE NEXT UPDATE WILL BE FROM [[Template:Did you know/Queue/{{Did you know/Queue/NexQ}}]]'''</big></center>--> == Nominations == Please add new nominations below ''with newer nominations at the top''. Nominations should be headed with a <nowiki>===Level Three===</nowiki> header containing a link to the article that the hook is from. If possible, all hooks should contain a relevant file from Wikimedia Commons – this can be a picture or a sound. The subject article should be '''<nowiki>'''bolded'''</nowiki>'''. <!--- please uncomment the template below if there are no nominations in the section; add newer nominations at the top, but below the template --> === Al Hilal SFC === * ... that '''[[Al Hilal SFC|Al Hilal]]''' was the only Asian football club to reach the knockout tournament in [[2025 FIFA Club World Cup]]? [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 08:00, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ===Gina Ortiz Jones=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Gina Ortiz Jones]]''' became the first [[Asian-American]] female mayor of a major city in [[Texas]] and the first openly [[gay]] mayor of [[San Antonio]]? --[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 17:37, 28 June 2025 (UTC) ==Holding area== Hooks that are ready to be moved to a queue for update may be held in this area until a space in a queue becomes available. To be eligible to move into this area, a hook must meet all of the promotion guidelines as outlined above. Hooks in this area do not count towards a user's nomination limit. If you change or re-review a hook in this area, it must be moved back to the main nominations section for discussion to continue. The only changes permitted here are formatting or spelling changes, or adding an associated file. <!-- Add nominations below this comment --> ===Violeta Chamorro=== [[File:Violeta Chamorro 1993.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1990, when '''[[Violeta Chamorro]]''' ''(pictured)'' was elected [[President of Nicaragua]], she became the first elected woman president in the [[Americas]]? ===Sir Billy Boston=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Billy Boston|Sir Billy Boston]]''' became the first [[Rugby League|rugby league footballer]] to be [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]]? ===Toni Morrison=== [[File:Toni Morrison.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1993, '''[[Toni Morrison]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[African American]] woman to win the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]? ===Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran=== * ... that the '''[[Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran]]''' was founded in 324, making it the oldest public church in [[Rome]] and the oldest [[basilica]] in the [[Western world]]? ===Greg Abbott=== * ... that in 2015, '''[[Greg Abbott]]''' became the first [[Governor of Texas|Texas governor]] and third governor of a [[U.S. state]] to use a [[wheelchair]]? ===Amazon River=== [[File:Amazon 57.53278W 2.71207S.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that there are no [[Bridge|bridges]] that cross the '''[[Amazon River]]''' ''(pictured)'' because of the [[Amazon rainforest]]? === iOS 26 === * ... that 13 years after the [[iOS 7]] was [[Design|redesigned]] with a "flat style", the '''[[iOS 26]]''' was redesigned with a [[Liquid Glass]] design? ===Ron DeSantis=== [[File:Governor Ron DeSantis at the CNN Republican Presidential Debate (53460294753) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2019, at the age of 40, '''[[Ron DeSantis]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the youngest [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[Governor of Florida|governor]] in [[Florida|Florida's history]]? ===Egypt=== * ... that '''[[Egypt]]''' has the most powerful [[Egyptian Armed Forces|military force]] in the [[Arab world]] and [[Africa]] since 2025? === Colour of the day (police) === *... that in [[New York City]], [[police|undercover police]] wear different '''[[Color of the day (police)|colored items of clothing]]''' to quickly recognize each other? ===Kathy Hochul=== [[File:Kathy Hochul March 2024 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2021, '''[[Kathy Hochul]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first female [[Governor of New York]] and the first from [[Upstate New York]]? ===Mikie Sherrill=== * ... that before she became the first [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] to [[United States House of Representatives|represent]] [[New Jersey's 11th congressional district]] in over 30 years, '''[[Mikie Sherrill]]''' was a [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] [[helicopter]] pilot? ===Abigail Spanberger=== * ... that before becoming the first woman to represent [[Virginia's 7th congressional district]] in the [[U.S. House of Representatives|U.S. House]], '''[[Abigail Spanberger]]''' was a [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA operations officer]]? ===Gavin Newsom=== [[File:Newsom April 2024 (3x4 cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2022, [[Governor of California|Governor]] '''[[Gavin Newsom]]''' ''(pictured)'' made [[California]] the first [[sanctuary city|sanctuary state]] for [[transgender|transgender youth]]? ===Cambodian genocide=== * ... that the '''[[Cambodian genocide]]''' happened because [[dictator]] [[Pol Pot]] and the [[Khmer Rouge]] wanted to roll back [[Cambodia]] to "Year Zero" when every Cambodian was a [[Rural area|rural]] [[farmer]]? ===Joan Didion=== [[File:Didion1970 (cropped).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that '''[[Joan Didion]]''' ''(pictured)'' wrote her first novel, which was about a woman dying in the [[Sahara Desert]], when she was five years old? ===South Korea=== * ... that 70% of '''[[South Korea]]''' is covered by hills and mountains? ===Louise Glück=== [[File:Louise Glück circa 1977.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that in 2020, '''[[Louise Glück]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Americans|American]] woman to win the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] since 1993 and the first American poet to win since 1948? ===Boston=== * ... that from 1659 to 1681, it was [[banned]] in '''[[Boston]]''' to celebrate [[Christmas]] because the [[Pilgrims]] saw it as a "[[corruption|corrupt]] holiday"? ===Audrey Hepburn=== [[File:Audrey Hepburn 1956om (cropped).jpg|100px|right]] *...that '''[[Audrey Hepburn]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first person to be an [[List of EGOT winners|EGOT winner]] [[posthumously]]? ===Beagle=== * ... that a 2019 research found that '''[[Beagle|beagles]]''' could detect [[lung cancer]] with 97% accuracy? ===Lilo & Stitch=== * ... that the 2002 movie '''''[[Lilo & Stitch]]''''' was the first time that [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]] hand-drew its characters and used of [[watercolour|watercolors]] for its background since the 1940s? ===Susan Brownmiller=== * ... that the works of [[Americans|American]] [[feminist]] author '''[[Susan Brownmiller]]''' is said to have helped create laws that made it easier to criminally charge [[rape|rapists]]? ===Mike Schaefer=== * ... that when he was elected to the [[California State Board of Equalization|State Board of Equalization]] in 2018 at the age of 80, '''[[Mike Schaefer]]''' became the oldest [[California|Californian]] to serve in a state constitutional office? === Pig === [[File:Sus scrofa scrofa.jpg|right|100px]] *...that '''[[pig]]s''' ''(pictured)'' can be taught to play [[video game]]s? ===Catholic Church=== * ... that the '''[[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic Church]]''' has the oldest continuously used legal system in the world? ===Chuck Grassley=== [[File:Chuck Grassley official photo 2017.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that with over 40 years in the [[U.S. Senate]], '''[[Chuck Grassley]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the longest serving [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] senator in [[History of the United States|U.S. history]]? ===Lee Zeldin=== * ... that in 2022, while running for [[Governor of New York|New York Governor]], then-[[U.S. Representative]] '''[[Lee Zeldin]]''' was attacked by a [[drunk]] man who later said he did not know who Zeldin was? ===Sara Duterte=== [[File:2024-04-10 – PBBM to highlight economic cooperation, defense and maritime cooperation in historic trilateral meeting with US, Japan (03) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Sara Duterte]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Vice President of the Philippines]] to be [[impeachment|impeached]]? ===Cori Bush=== * ... that in 2021, [[nurse|registered nurse]] '''[[Cori Bush]]''' became the first [[African American]] woman to represent [[Missouri]] in the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Sussan Ley=== [[File:SL - 2012 Profile.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Sussan Ley]]''' ''(pictured)'' became [[Australia|Australia's]] first female [[Leader of the Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal Party Leader]] and [[Leader of the Opposition (Australia)|Opposition Leader]]? ===Pope Leo XIV=== * ... that '''[[Pope Leo XIV]]''' picked his papal name because of [[Pope Leo XIII]] and the "cultural shifts" the [[Roman Catholic church]] might see through [[artificial intelligence]] and [[robotics]]? ===Wesley Bell=== [[File:Rep. Wesley Bell Official Portrait.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2019, future-[[Missouri]] [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Wesley Bell]]''' ''(pictured)'' became [[St. Louis County, Missouri|St. Louis County's]] first [[African Americans|Black]] [[attorney|prosecuting attorney]]? ===Peter Dutton=== * ... that in [[2025 Australian federal election|2025]], '''[[Peter Dutton]]''' became the first [[List of Australian Leaders of the Opposition|Australian opposition leader]] to lose their [[Australian House of Representatives|parliamentary seat]] at an election? ===JB Pritzker=== [[File:JB Pritzker 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... when he was [[2022 Illinois gubernatorial election|re-elected in 2022]], [[Governor of Illinois|Illinois Governor]] '''[[JB Pritzker]]''' ''(pictured)'' had the highest vote share for any [[United States|U.S.]] [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] governor in more than 60 years? ===Toni Breidinger=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Toni Breidinger]]''' became the first [[NASCAR]] driver to model for [[Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue|''Sports Illustrated''<nowiki/>'s Swimsuit Issue]]? ===Rashida Tlaib=== [[File:Tlaib Rashida 119th Congress.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2018, '''[[Rashida Tlaib]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Muslim]] woman and the first [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]]-[[Americans|American]] woman elected to the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Anthony Albanese=== * ... that in [[2025 Australian federal election|2025]], '''[[Anthony Albanese]]''' became the first [[Prime Minister of Australia|Australian prime minister]] to win re-election since [[John Howard]] in [[2004 Australian federal election|2004]]? ===Friedrich Merz=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Friedrich Merz]]''' became the first post-war [[Chancellor of Germany|German chancellor]] not to receive the needed [[German Bundestag|confirmation votes]] in the first round of voting? ===Nicușor Dan=== [[File:Nicușor Dan 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2020, two-time [[International Mathematical Olympiad]] champion '''[[Nicușor Dan]]''' ''(pictured)'' was elected as [[Bucharest|Bucharest's]] first [[Independent politician|independent]] mayor? ===1755 Cape Ann earthquake=== * ... that the '''[[1755 Cape Ann earthquake]]''' in [[Massachusetts]] could be felt as far north as [[Nova Scotia]] in [[Canada]] and as far south as [[South Carolina]]? ===Richard Pryor=== [[File:Richard Pryor 1973 (cropped).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that in 1980, comedian '''[[Richard Pryor]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first black actor to earn a million dollars for a single movie when he starred in ''[[Stir Crazy (movie)|Stir Crazy]]''? ===Mike Waltz=== * ... that '''[[Mike Waltz]]''' was the first [[Americans|American]] [[United States Congress|congress member]] to call for a full [[United States|U.S.]] [[boycott]] of the [[2022 Winter Olympics]] in [[Beijing]] for the [[China|country's]] [[persecution of Uyghurs in China|persecution of Uyghurs]]? ===Dick Durbin=== [[File:Dick Durbin 2022 official portrait (cropped) 2.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Illinois]] [[U.S. Senator]] '''[[Dick Durbin]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the longest-serving [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate party whip]] in [[History of the United States|U.S. history]]? ===Ali France=== * ... that [[2025 Australian federal election|in 2025]], '''[[Ali France]]''' became the first person in [[History of Australia|Australian history]] to defeat an [[Leader of the Opposition (Australia)|opposition leader]] in a [[Australian House of Representatives|parliamentary election]]? === Hydrogen === [[File:Shuttle Main Engine Test Firing cropped edited and reduced.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[hydrogen]]''' fires ''(pictured)'', while being extremely hot, are almost invisible to [[human]]s, leading to accidental burns? === Water === * ... that 12 billion [[light year]]s away around a [[quasar]] there is a giant cloud of '''[[water]]''' with 140 trillion times more water than all the water on [[Earth]]? ===Michael Bloomberg=== [[File:Michael Bloomberg 2022 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2020, former [[Mayor of New York City|New York City Mayor]] '''[[Michael Bloomberg]]''' ''(pictured)'' spent the most money spent on a presidential primary campaign in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===Tammy Duckworth=== [[File:Tammy Duckworth, official portrait, 115th Congress (cropped)2.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2004, future [[Illinois]] [[U.S. Senator]] '''[[Tammy Duckworth]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Americans|American]] female [[Amputation|double amputee]] from the [[Iraq War]]? === False memory === *...that [[experiment]]s have shown that people can be made to '''[[False memory|remember events that did not take place]]'''? ===Robert F. Kennedy Jr.=== * ... that in 2013, future [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services|U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services]] '''[[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]]''' helped the [[Chipewyan|Chipewyan First Nation]] to protect their land from [[tar sands]] production? ===Catholic Church sexual abuse cases=== * ... that a study found that 81% of the victims of the '''[[Catholic Church sexual abuse cases]]''' between 1950 and the early 2000s were male? === False memory === *...that [[experiment]]s have shown that people can be made to '''[[False memory|remember events that did not take place]]'''? ===Juliana Stratton=== [[File:National Lieutenant Governor's Association (52766342026) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2020, [[Lieutenant Governor of Illinois|Illinois Lieutenant Governor]] '''[[Juliana Stratton]]''' ''(pictured)'' was one of the first customers to buy [[recreation|recreational]] [[cannabis (drug)|cannabis]] in the [[Illinois|state]]? ===Tony Evers=== * ... that in 2023, [[Governor of Wisconsin|Wisconsin Governor]] '''[[Tony Evers]]''' made a [[veto|line-item veto]] to the [[Wisconsin|state]] budget that increased school funding of $325 until the year 2425? ===Sean Baker=== [[File:Sean Baker at the 2024 New York Film Festival (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, filmmaker '''[[Sean Baker]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first person to win four [[Academy Awards]] for the [[Anora (movie)|same movie]]? ===Philippe of Belgium=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Philippe of Belgium]]''' publicly criticized [[Pope Francis]] during a welcome address of him over the [[Catholic Church sexual abuse cases|sexual abuses]] done by the [[Roman Catholic Church]] in [[Belgium]]? ===Conclave (movie)=== * ... that viewership for the 2024 movie '''''[[Conclave (movie)|Conclave]]''''' went up 283% on [[streaming media|streaming platforms]] following [[Death and funeral of Pope Francis|the death]] of [[Pope Francis]] in April 2025? ===Karoline Leavitt=== [[File:Karoline Leavitt by Gage Skidmore 2 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at the age of 27, '''[[Karoline Leavitt]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the youngest [[White House Press Secretary]] in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===John Ratcliffe=== * ... that in 2019, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found out that then-[[Director of National Intelligence|National Intelligence Director]] nominee '''[[John Ratcliffe]]''' lied about arresting "300 [[Illegal immigration|illegal immigrants]] in a single day"? ===Salem Witch Trials=== *...that some of the '''[[Salem Witch Trials]]''' only lasted 15 minutes, and resulted in people being found guilty and [[death penalty|executed]]? ===Susie Wiles=== [[File:Susie Wiles 2025 (edited crop).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Susie Wiles]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first ever female [[White House Chief of Staff]] in [[American history]]? ===Paper Mario: Color Splash=== * ... that [[Nintendo of America]] accidentally made '''''[[Paper Mario: Color Splash]]''''' available to play two weeks early? ===Austria=== * ... that the first [[postcard]]s were issued in '''[[Austria]]''' in 1869? ===Cory Booker=== [[File:Cory Booker, official portrait (119th Congress).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, at 25 hours and five minutes long, '''[[Cory Booker]]''' ''(pictured)'' made the longest speech in the history of the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]]? ===Super Mario Bros. theme=== * ... that in 2023, the '''[[Super Mario Bros. theme|''Super Mario Bros.'' theme]]''' became the first [[video game music]] track to be preserved by the U.S. [[Library of Congress]]? ===Doug Collins (politician)=== [[File:Official portrait of Douglas Collins, U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs.jpeg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs|U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs]] '''[[Doug Collins (politician)|Doug Collins]]''' ''(pictured)'' was a [[United States Navy|navy]] [[chaplain]] before entering politics? ===Air Force One (movie)=== * ... that in 2016, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' named [[Harrison Ford|Harrison Ford's]] character in the 1997 movie '''''[[Air Force One (movie)|Air Force One]]''''' the "greatest fictional [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] of all time"? ===Elise Stefanik=== [[File:Elise Stefanik, 115th official photo.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2014 at the age of 30, '''[[Elise Stefanik]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the youngest woman and youngest [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] ever elected to the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Malta=== * ... that at 316 [[Square kilometre|sq km]], '''[[Malta]]''' is the smallest country in the [[European Union]]? ===Patty Murray=== [[File:Patty Murray, official portrait, 113th Congress.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2023, [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] '''[[Patty Murray]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first female [[President pro tempore of the United States Senate]]? ===Mike Johnson=== * ... that [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker]] '''[[Mike Johnson]]''' has less experience in the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] than any other speaker since 1883? ===Fernanda Torres=== [[File:ImStillHereBFILFF131024 (4 of 36) (54065967346) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Fernanda Torres]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Brazilian people|Brazilian]], [[Latin America|Latin American]], and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese-speaking]] actor to win the [[Golden Globe Award|Golden Globe for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama]]? ===Greece=== * ... that almost 80% of '''[[Greece]]''' is made up by [[mountain|mountainous terrain]]? ===Linda McMahon=== [[File:Linda McMahon 2025 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Linda McMahon]]''' ''(pictured)'' changed [[WWE|WWE's]] [[TV Parental Guidelines|television rating]] from TV-14 to PG to attract a young generation of [[wrestling]] fans? ===Lori Chavez-DeRemer=== * ... that '''[[Lori Chavez-DeRemer]]''' lost to [[Janelle Bynum]] three times when she ran for the [[Oregon House of Representatives|Oregon State House]] and the [[U.S. House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representative]] in different elections? ===Mia Love=== [[File:Mia Love Congressional Photo.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2015, '''[[Mia Love]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[African American|Black]] [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] woman elected to the [[United States Congress]]? ===Liechtenstein=== * ... that in 1969, [[NASA]] gave '''[[Liechtenstein]]''' [[moon|moon rocks]] and a [[Flag of Liechtenstein|national flag]] that had been on the moon to thank them for their support from a local company during the [[Apollo 11]] mission? ===9 Songs=== * ... that the 2004 British romantic drama movie '''''[[9 Songs]]''''' included scenes of its two main actors actually having [[sexual intercourse]] and performing [[oral sex]] as well as a scene of [[ejaculation]]? ===Mark Carney=== [[File:Prime Minister Boris Johnson meets with Mark Carney No.10 Downing Street (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Mark Carney]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first person to become [[Prime Minister of Canada]] without holding elected public office before? ===SpongeBob SquarePants=== * ... that in 2025, '''''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]''''' became the longest-running [[United States|American]] [[children's animation|children's animated]] series? ===Muhsin Hendricks=== * ... that '''[[Muhsin Hendricks]]''' was called the world's first [[openly gay]] [[imam]]? ===Brooke Rollins=== [[File:Brooke Rollins 2025 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States Secretary of Agriculture|U.S. Secretary of Agriculture]] '''[[Brooke Rollins]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first female student body president at her ''[[alma mater]]'' [[Texas A&M University]]? ===Hurricane (dog)=== * ... that '''[[Hurricane (dog)|Hurricane]]''', a [[United States Secret Service|U.S. Secret Service]]-trained [[dog]] who protected President [[Barack Obama]] in 2014, was thought to be the most [[decoration|decorated]] dog in [[American history]]? ===Kash Patel=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Kash Patel]]''' became the youngest person and the first [[Asian Americans|Asian-American]] to become [[Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation]]? ===Emperor Penguins=== [[File:Aptenodytes forsteri MHNT.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Emperor penguin|emperor penguins]] ''' ''(egg pictured)'' are the only [[bird|birds]] in the world that can lay their [[egg|eggs]] on [[ice]]? ===Stockholm=== * ... that '''[[Stockholm]]''' is built on fourteen islands and is connected by fifty-seven bridges? ===Scott Turner (politician)=== * ... that [[United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development|U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development]] '''[[Scott Turner (politician)|Scott Turner]]''' once played for the [[National Football League|NFL]] and was a [[United States Congress|congressional]] [[intern]] afterwards? ===Mikey Madison=== [[File:Mikey Madison at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Mikey Madison]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Gen Z]] actress to win an [[Academy Award]]? ===R. Budd Dwyer=== * ... that in 1987, [[Pennsylvania]] [[lawmaker]] '''[[R. Budd Dwyer]]''' publicly [[suicide|committed suicide]] during a live press conference, which was [[broadcasting|broadcasted]] throughout the state? ===Sean Duffy=== * ... that before entering politics, [[United States Secretary of Transportation|U.S. Secretary of Transportation]] '''[[Sean Duffy]]''' was a cast member of the [[MTV]] [[reality television]] series ''[[The Real World|The Real World: Boston]]''? === Miss Meyers === * ... that racehorse '''[[Miss Meyers]]''' only started racing well after she turned four years old, then won what would be $156,000 today in the same year? ===Drug cartel=== * ... that a 2025 report by the [[United States Department of Justice|U.S. Department of Justice]] found that 74% of [[firearms]] used by the '''[[Drug cartel|Mexican drug cartels]]''' came from the [[United States]]? ===Frankétienne=== [[File:Jean Laposte 2 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1975, '''[[Frankétienne]]''' ''(pictured)'' wrote the first novel entirely written in [[Haitian Creole]]? ===Doughtnuts=== *...that [[Canada]] has the most '''[[doughnut]]''' shops per person? ===European Union=== * ... that the '''[[European Union]]''' is the world's largest single-market and would be the third largest country in the world if it were independent? ===Howard Lutnick=== [[File:Howard Lutnick (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States Secretary of Commerce|U.S. Secretary of Commerce]] '''[[Howard Lutnick]]''' ''(pictured)'' survived the [[Collapse of the World Trade Center|collapse]] of the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] during the [[September 11 attacks]]? ===Thutmose II=== * ... that in 2022, the discovery of the [[tomb]] of '''[[Thutmose II]]''' became the first royal tomb to be discovered since [[King Tutankhamun|King Tutankhamun's]] in 1922? ===Souleymane Cissé=== * ... that '''[[Souleymane Cissé]]''' is the first director from [[sub-Saharan Africa]] to receive an award at the [[Cannes Film Festival]]? ===Alice Weidel=== [[File:2019-09-01 Wahlabend Sachsen by Sandro Halank–039.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Alice Weidel]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[lesbian]] to serve as a leader candidate for the [[Alternative for Germany|Alternative for Germany Party]]? ===Pete Hegseth=== * ... that [[United States Secretary of Defense|U.S. Secretary of Defense]] '''[[Pete Hegseth]]''' volunteered to be a [[National Guard (United States)|National Guard]] for [[Joe Biden|Joe Biden's]] [[Inauguration of Joe Biden|inauguration in 2021]], but was removed for posting [[Extremism|extremist views]] online? ===Klaus Iohannis=== [[File:Клаус Йоханнис (52539721210).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Klaus Iohannis]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[President of Romania]] belonging to an [[Ethnic group|ethnic minority]]? ===Athens=== * ... that '''[[Athens]]''' is [[Europe|Europe's]] oldest continuously active [[capital city]]? ===Saturday Night Live=== * ... that as of 2022, '''''[[Saturday Night Live]]''''' had received more than 305 [[Primetime Emmy Award]] nominations, the most received by any television program? ===Friedrich Merz=== [[File:2025-02-17 ARD-Wahlarena zur Bundestagswahl 2025 by Sandro Halank–050.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Chancellor of Germany|German Chancellor]] '''[[Friedrich Merz]]''' ''(pictured)'' is a licensed pilot and owns two airplanes? ===Luxembourg=== * ... that in 2020, '''[[Luxembourg]]''' became the first country in the world to make all [[public transport]] free to use? ===Ed Broadbent=== [[File:Ed Broadbent in 2019 (3x4 crop).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that the [[state funeral]] of '''[[Ed Broadbent]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first for a [[Canada|Canadian]] [[political party|party leader]] who was never [[Prime Minister of Canada|prime minister]] or [[Leader of the Opposition (Canada)|opposition leader]]? ===Gisèle Pelicot=== * ... that in 2020, '''[[Gisèle Pelicot]]''' discovered that she was being [[Rapes of Gisèle Pelicot|drugged and raped by her husband and 83 other men]] for nine years? ===Roberta Metsola=== [[File:Roberta Metsola 2022.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that in 2022, '''[[Roberta Metsola]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first woman and youngest person to be elected [[President of the European Parliament]]? ===Texas=== * ... that before becoming a [[States of the U.S.|U.S. state]] in 1845, '''[[Texas]]''' was its [[Republic of Texas|own country]] for almost ten years? ===Manneken Pis=== *...that the statue '''[[Manneken Pis]]''' in [[Brussels]], which shows a boy [[urination|urinating]] into a fountain, also inspired other similar figures in Brussels? ===Caroline Chew=== [[File:Carolinechew.jpg|right|100px]] *...that '''[[Caroline Chew]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Singapore]]an [[equestrian]] to be in the [[Olympic Games]]? ===Peru=== * ... that '''[[Peru]]''' is where [[potatoes]] were first [[gardening|cultivated]] by [[Inca Empire|the Incas]]? ===Dora Bakoyannis=== [[File:Dora Bakoyannis-headshot.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Dora Bakoyannis]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first female mayor of [[Athens]] and the first female mayor of a city to have hosted the [[Olympic Games]]? ===New York (state)=== * ... that the [[States of the U.S.|U.S. state]] of '''[[New York (state)|New York]]''' has over 70,000 miles of [[river]]s and [[stream]]s? ===Donn Moomaw=== [[File:Donn Moomaw 1951 (full).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Donn Moomaw]]''' ''(pictured)'' refused to play with the [[Los Angeles Rams]] since they played on Sundays and later became a [[Presbyterian]] [[Minister (Christianity)|minister]]? ===Bart De Wever=== * ... that '''[[Bart De Wever]]''' is the first [[Flemish Movement|Flemish nationalist]] to become [[Prime Minister of Belgium]]? ===Joe Lieberman=== [[File:Joe Lieberman official Senate portrait Retouched.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that in [[2000 United States presidential election|2000]], [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] '''[[Joe Lieberman]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first practicing [[Jewish|Jew]] to run for [[Vice President of the United States|vice president]]? ===Aga Khan IV=== * ... that in 2014, '''[[Aga Khan IV]]''' became the first faith leader to address a joint session of the [[Parliament of Canada]]? ===Fernanda Montenegro=== [[File:Fernanda Montenegro em 2015 cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Fernanda Montenegro]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Brazilian people|Brazilian]] to be nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Actress]]? ===Ralph Lauren=== [[File:Ralph Lauren 3x4.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Ralph Lauren]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[fashion designer]] to be honored with the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]]? ===Nicaragua=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Nicaragua]]''' became a [[diarchy]] with [[Daniel Ortega]] and his wife [[Rosario Murillo]] becoming [[President of Nicaragua|co-presidents]]? ===Pam Bondi=== [[File:Pam Bondi 2018.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States Attorney General]] '''[[Pam Bondi]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first woman to be elected [[Florida Attorney General|Florida state attorney general]]? ===Kelly Loeffler=== * ... that former [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] '''[[Kelly Loeffler]]''' once owned the [[Atlanta Dream]] [[basketball|basketball team]], but sold it in 2021 because of her opinions of the [[Black Lives Matter|Black Lives Matter movement]]? ===Chappell Roan=== [[File:Chappell Roan @ Hollywood Palladium 11 18 2022 (53886800138).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that singer-songwriter '''[[Chappell Roan]]''' ''(pictured)'' got her [[stage name]] from her grandfather Dennis Chappell and his favorite song, "The Strawberry Roan"? ===Dick Button=== * ... that [[Emmy Award]]-winning sports commentator '''[[Dick Button]]''' is the only [[Americans|American]] man to win the [[European Figure Skating Championships]]? ===Usha Vance=== [[File:Usha Vance, official portrait (2025) (cropped reasonable).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, lawyer '''[[Usha Vance]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Indian Americans|Indian-American]] and first [[Millennials|Millennial]] [[Second ladies and gentlemen of the United States|U.S. Second Lady]] in [[American history]]? ===Chris Wright=== * ... that in 2019, future [[United States Secretary of Energy|U.S. Energy Secretary]] '''[[Chris Wright]]''' drank [[fracking|fracking fluid]] to prove it was not dangerous? ===Algeria=== * ... that '''[[Algeria]]''' is the largest country in [[Africa]]? ===Marco Rubio=== [[File:Official portrait of Secretary Marco Rubio, January 2025.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, [[United States Secretary of State|U.S. Secretary of State]] '''[[Marco Rubio]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the highest-ranking [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic American]] official in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===Ahmed al-Sharaa=== * ... that the [[United States]] had a $10 million [[bounty (reward)|bounty]] against '''[[Ahmed al-Sharaa]]''', however removed it when he became the [[Syrian transitional government|Syrian transitional]] [[President of Syria|leader]] in [[Fall of Damascus|2024]]? ===Richard Williamson (bishop)=== [[File:Bishop Richard Williamson.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Auxiliary bishop]] '''[[Richard Williamson (bishop)|Richard Williamson]]''' ''(pictured)'' had his [[excommunicated|excommunication]] lifted in 2009 by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] only to be excommunicated again in 2013 for his [[Holocaust denial]] views? ===Charli D'Amelio=== [[File:Charli D'Amelio at KCAs 2023 01.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2020, '''[[Charli D'Amelio]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[TikTok]] celebrity to have a both 50 million followers and 100 million followers? ===January 20–22, 2025 Gulf Coast blizzard=== * ... that the '''[[January 20–22, 2025 Gulf Coast blizzard]]''' was the first recorded [[blizzard]] on the [[Gulf Coast]] ever? ===Scott Bessent=== [[File:Scott Bessent, official portrait (2025) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, [[United States Secretary of the Treasury|U.S. Treasury Secretary]] '''[[Scott Bessent]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the highest-ranking openly [[LGBT|LGBT person]] in [[American history]]? ===Lynn Ban=== * ... that jewelry designer '''[[Lynn Ban]]''' agreed to appear on the [[Netflix]] reality show ''[[Bling Empire: New York]]'' to go against the "[[stereotype]]s of ''[[Crazy Rich Asians (movie)|Crazy Rich Asians]]''"? ===Valerie André=== * ... that in 1976, [[French resistance|resistance]] official '''[[Valerie André]]''' became the first female member of the [[French Army|French military]] to become [[General Officer]]? ===Lluvia de Peces=== * ... that in the small town of [[Honduras|Yoro, Honduras]], residents experience "'''[[Lluvia de Peces]]'''" or "Rain of Fish" annually? ===Belly dance=== *...that in 2006, [[Hamas]] outlawed '''[[Belly dance|bellydancing]]''' because they saw it as [[islam|unislamic]]? ===Second inauguration of Donald Trump=== * ... that the '''[[Second inauguration of Donald Trump|second inauguration of Donald Trump]]''' is the first to be held indoors in the [[United States Capitol]] since [[Ronald Reagan|Ronald Reagan's]] [[Second inauguration of Ronald Reagan|second inauguration in 1985]]? ===Cormac McCarthy=== [[File:Cormac McCarthy (The Orchard Keeper author portrait).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that '''[[Cormac McCarthy]]''' ''(pictured)'', whose novel was [[No Country for Old Men (movie)|made into an Academy Award-winning movie]], was called the "best unknown novelist in [[United States|America]]" and rarely had an [[agent]]? ===Wendell Berry=== * ... that in 2015, '''[[Wendell Berry]]''' became the first living writer to be added to the [[Kentucky Writers Hall of Fame]]? ===January 2025 Southern California wildfires=== * ... that the '''[[January 2025 Southern California wildfires]]''' had multiple [[wildfires]], two of which are the second and fourth most destructive fires in [[California|California's history]]? ===William Shatner=== [[File:William Shatner Biohacker Expo 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2021 at the age of 90, ''[[Star Trek]]'' actor '''[[William Shatner]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the oldest person to fly in [[Outer space|space]]? ===António Guterres=== * ... that in 2017, former [[Prime Minister of Portugal|Portuguese Prime Minister]] '''[[António Guterres]]''' became the first national leader to become [[United Nations Secretary-General]]? ===Mark Rutte=== [[File:Mark Rutte, 23.03.23 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2010, '''[[Mark Rutte]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Liberalism|liberal]] [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands|Dutch prime minister]] since 1918? ===Benjamin Netanyahu=== * ... that in 2019, '''[[Benjamin Netanyahu]]''' became the first sitting [[Prime Minister of Israel|prime minister]] in [[Israel|Israel's]] history to be criminally charged? ===Minnesota=== * ... that the [[United States|U.S. state]] of '''[[Minnesota]]''' got its name from the [[Sioux|Sioux language]], meaning "sky-tinted water" or "cloudy water"? ===Jane Fonda=== [[File:Jane Fonda 1963.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1964, '''[[Jane Fonda]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Americans|American]] actress to have a [[nude|nude scene]] in a foreign movie? ===Valdas Adamkus=== * ... that before becoming [[President of Lithuania]], '''[[Valdas Adamkus]]''' worked for the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]] as a deputy administrator in the 1970s? ===Olivia Rodrigo=== [[File:OlivaRO2150524 (38) (53727178601) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] *...that '''[[Olivia Rodrigo]]''' ''(pictured)'' was inspired by [[Taylor Swift]] to start singing? ===iPhone 14 Pro=== * ... that in 2022, the '''[[iPhone 14 Pro]]''' became the first [[iPhone]] to have an always-on display? ===Karla Sofía Gascón=== [[File:Karla Sofia Gascon at TIFF 2024 the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Karla Sofía Gascón]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[transgender woman]] nominated for a [[Golden Globe Award]] and an [[Academy Award]]? ===Jean-Marie Le Pen=== * ... that in 2015, '''[[Jean-Marie Le Pen]]''' was banned from his own [[National Rally|political party]] by [[Marine Le Pen|his daughter]] after saying good things about the [[gas chamber]]s used in [[The Holocaust]]? ===Wolfgang Schäuble=== * ... that '''[[Wolfgang Schäuble|Wolfgang Schäuble's]]''' 2014 [[budget]] as [[Germany|Germany's]] [[Federal Ministry of Finance (Germany)|Finance Minister]] allowed the country to take on no new [[debt]] for the first time since 1969? ===PewDiePie=== [[File:Pewdiepie head shot.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2016, '''[[PewDiePie]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Youtube]]r to have 50 million subscribers? ===iPhone 8=== * ... that in 2017, the '''[[iPhone 8]]''' became the first [[iPhone]] to have a wireless charger? ===MrBeast=== [[File:CrunchLabs - MrBeast Opened the WRONG BOX!!! (MRus4BCPRyY - 0m28s) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2024, '''[[MrBeast]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the most subscribed [[Youtube]] channel after passing [[T-Series]]? ===iPhone 12 Pro=== * ... that in 2020, the '''[[iPhone 12 Pro]]''' became the first [[iPhone]] to have [[5G]]? ===Pope Clement X=== [[File:Portrait of Pope Clement X, by Giovanni Battista Gaulli (Baciccio) - Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at the age of 79, '''[[Pope Clement X]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the oldest person to be elected [[List of popes|pope]]? ===Ebenezer Scrooge=== * ... that '''[[Ebenezer Scrooge]]''', the main character of ''[[A Christmas Carol]]'', was said to have been inspired by a [[Dutch people|Dutch]] [[grave|gravedigger]]? ===Morris Dees=== [[File:Morris Dees Boston 2015 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that civil rights activist and co-founder of the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]] '''[[Morris Dees]]''' ''(pictured)'' was inspired by [[Atticus Finch]] to become a lawyer? ===Pope Benedict IX=== * ... that '''[[Pope Benedict IX]]''' was likely 12 years old when he became [[List of popes|pope]] and was pope three separate times? ===iPhone 15=== [[File:Apple iPhone 15 Pink (November 1, 2024).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2023, the '''[[IPhone 15|iPhone 15]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[iPhone]] to have a [[USB-C|USB Type C]]? ===Nude calendar=== *... that in 1999, a group of middle-aged Englishwomen posing [[nude]] to raise money for [[leukemia]] research were the first to do a '''[[Nude calendar|nude calendar for charity]]'''? ===Kristrún Frostadóttir=== [[File:Kristrún Frostadóttir 2021.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[2024 Icelandic parliamentary election|2024]] at the age of 36, '''[[Kristrún Frostadóttir]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the youngest [[Prime Minister of Iceland|prime minister]] in [[Iceland|Icelandic history]]? ===Superman (2025 movie)=== * ... that within 24 hours of its release, the [[trailer (movie)|trailer]] for the 2025 [[DC Universe (franchise)|DCU movie]] '''''[[Superman (2025 movie)|Superman]]''''' became the most viewed [[Warner Bros.]] trailer of all time with over 250 million views? ===Manmohan Singh=== [[File:Manmohan Singh 2007.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2004, '''[[Manmohan Singh]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Sikh]] to be elected [[Prime Minister of India]]? ===Chris Hoy=== * ... that six-time Olympic champion cyclist '''[[Chris Hoy]]''' was inspired to cycle at age six because of the 1982 movie ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]''? ===Valkyrae=== [[File:Valkyrae for 100 Thieves (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Valkyrae]]''' ''(pictured)'' has been [[YouTube]]'s most-watched female [[live stream|streamer]] since 2020? ===António Costa=== * ... that '''[[António Costa|António Costa's]]''' time as [[Prime Minister of Portugal]] is the longest of any national leader of the [[Iberian Peninsula]] in the [[21st century]]? ===Dragonfruit=== [[File:Fruits mûrs.JPG|100px|right]] *..that '''[[Dragonfruit|dragonfruits]]''' ''(pictured)'' are the [[fruit]] of a [[cactus]]? ===Pierre Poilievre=== * ... that after being elected to the [[Parliament of Canada]] in [[2004 Canadian federal election|2004]] at the age of 25, future [[Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)|Opposition Leader]] '''[[Pierre Poilievre]]''' was the youngest [[Member of Parliament|MP]] at the time? ===Gracie Abrams=== [[File:Gracie Abrams @ El Rey Theatre 03 05 2022 (52297975314) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that after her song "[[That's So True]]" was number six on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]], '''[[Gracie Abrams]]''' ''(pictured)'' said she wrote the song while [[intoxicated|drunk]]? ===Warren G. Harding=== * ... that in 1922, '''[[Warren G. Harding]]''' became the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to have his voice [[Transmitter|transmitted]] by radio? ===Herbert Hoover=== [[File:President Hoover portrait.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1927 while he was [[United States Secretary of Commerce|Secretary of Commerce]], '''[[Herbert Hoover]]''' ''(pictured)'' appeared on the first public [[demonstration]] of a [[broadcast|television broadcast]] in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===Calvin Coolidge=== * ... that '''[[Calvin Coolidge]]''' was the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to lead a public celebration of the [[Christmas]] holidays? ===Pink elephant=== *..that '''[[Pink elephant|pink elephants]]''' exist because of [[Albinism|albinism]]? ===Franklin Pierce=== [[File:Portrait of Franklin Pierce (by George Peter Alexander Healy, 1853).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that '''[[Franklin Pierce]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to take the [[oath of office]] on a law book instead of the bible? ===William McKinley=== * ... that '''[[William McKinley|William McKinley's]]''' [[inauguration]] was the first to be filmed, making him the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to ever be filmed? ===Michel Barnier=== [[File:Michel Barnier 2020.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2024 at the age of 73, '''[[Michel Barnier]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the oldest [[Prime Minister of France|prime minister]] in the [[French Fifth Republic]]? ===Harry S. Truman=== * ... that in 1945, '''[[Harry S. Truman]]''' became the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] in office to use [[Air Force One|air travel]] within the [[United States|country]]? ===Occupation of the Hainburger Au=== * ... that in 1984, 40,000 people took part in the '''[[Occupation of the Hainburger Au]]''' in [[Vienna]] to [[protest]] against the building of a [[power plant]]? ===Charles Dickens=== [[File:Dickens Gurney head.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Charles Dickens]]''' ''(pictured)'' made less money than expected with the sales of ''[[A Christmas Carol]]'', making £230 instead of his expected £1,000? ===Compulsory sterilization=== *...that to fight [[climate change]], the aid agency of the government of the United Kingdom still supports '''[[Compulsory sterilization|compulsory sterilization]]''' in [[India]]? ===William Henry Harrison=== [[File:William Henry Harrison daguerreotype edit.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that the [[inauguration|inaugural address]] of [[President of the United States|President]] '''[[William Henry Harrison]]''' ''(pictured)'', the first speech of his month-long presidency, is the longest in [[American history]], lasting almost two hours? ===Millard Fillmore=== * ... that in 1851, [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[Millard Fillmore]]''' personally fought a fire at the [[Library of Congress]] and then signed a [[Bill (proposed law)|bill]] to fund all the books destroyed in the fire? ===Zachary Taylor=== [[File:Zachary Taylor restored and cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Zachary Taylor]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the last [[President of the United States]] to own [[slaves]] while he was still in office? ===James Buchanan=== * ... that in 1858, [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[James Buchanan]]''' received the first [[telegram]] sent by the [[Transatlantic telegraph cable]]? ===Holly Cairns=== [[File:Holly Cairns, April 2023 (headshot).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[2020 Irish general election|2020]], future [[Social Democrats (Ireland)|Social Democrats Leader]] '''[[Holly Cairns]]''' ''(pictured)'' ran against her then-boyfriend [[Christopher O'Sullivan]] for a seat in the [[Teachta Dála]]? ===James Monroe=== * ... that '''[[James Monroe]]''' is the only [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] besides [[George Washington]] with a [[Liberia|country's]] [[Monrovia|capital]] named after him? ===Sunflower=== [[File:Helianthus whorl.jpg|right|100px]] *...that the tallest '''[[sunflower]]''' ''(pictured)'' was 9.17 [[metres]] high? ===James A. Garfield=== * ... that [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[James A. Garfield]]''' could write in [[Greek]] with his left [[hand]] and [[Latin]] with his right hand at the same time? ===Antipope Felix V=== [[File:Nuremberg chronicles f 242v 2 (Felix V).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that '''[[Antipope Felix V|Felix V]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the last [[antipope]] in the history of the [[Catholic Church]]? ===Paternalism=== *..that there was a time when [[Ford Motor Company]] checked that their [[employee]]s '''[[Paternalism|regularly went to chuch]]'''? ===Jair Bolsonaro=== [[File:Jair Bolsonaro 2021 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in November 2024, former [[President of Brazil|Brazilian President]] '''[[Jair Bolsonaro]]''' ''(pictured)'' was formally accused by the national police for having knowledge about an [[assassination|assassination plot]] against his [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva|successor]]? ===Chihuahua (dog)=== * ... that the name for '''[[Chihuahua (dog)|Chihuahuas]]''' comes from the [[Na'huatl]] word for "between two waters" and the name is older than the [[Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire|Spanish Conquest of Mexico]]? ===Nancy Reagan=== [[File:Nancy Reagan.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that after [[Ronald Reagan|her husband]] survived an [[Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan|assassination attempt]], [[First Lady of the United States|U.S. First Lady]] '''[[Nancy Reagan]]''' ''(pictured)'' hired an [[astrology|astrologer]] to review and create his schedule to make sure he would be safe? ===Pig=== * ... that '''[[Pig|pigs]]''' have the longest [[orgasm]] in [[mammals]], with an average of 30 minutes, but it can last for as long as 90 minutes? ===The Scream=== [[File:The Scream.jpg||right|100px]] *...that the famous picture, '''''[[The Scream]]''''' ''(pictured)'', is worth 55 million dollars? ===Gotham City=== * ... that '''[[Gotham City]]''', a fictional [[DC Comics]] city, is said to be in [[New Jersey]] and is inspired by [[New York City]], [[Chicago]] and [[London]]? ===Theodore Edgar McCarrick=== [[File:Theodore McCarrick 207-DP-8339A (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2018, '''[[Theodore Edgar McCarrick]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[cardinal (Catholic Church)|Cardinal]] to resign from the [[College of Cardinals]] because of [[sexual abuse]] accusations? ===Brigitte Macron=== * ... that at age 40, '''[[Brigitte Macron|Brigitte Auzière]]''' met her husband, [[Emmanuel Macron]], when he was her 15 year-old student and a classmate of her daughter? ===René Henry Gracida=== * ... that [[bishop]] '''[[René Henry Gracida]]''' [[boycott|boycotted]] [[PepsiCo]] because they used "[[Like a Prayer (song)|Like a Prayer]]" by [[Madonna]] in one of their commercials and thought it was [[Sacrilege|sacrilegious]]? ===Sarah Frey=== [[File:Sarah Frey-Talley (19494902783) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Sarah Frey]]''' ''(pictured)'', who has been called "the Pumpkin Queen of [[United States|America]]", started her [[farm]]ing company at the age of 16? ===Choking game=== *...that a '''[[choking game]]''' is different from [[erotic asphyxiation]], and that most children playing these games do this to get high without taking drugs? ===Harley Quinn=== [[File:Harley Quinn 2015 Calgary Expo – Calgary Comic & Entertainment Expo (17033582449).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[DC Comics]] villain '''[[Harley Quinn]]''' ''(pictured)'' was created for the 1992 series ''[[Batman: The Animated Series]]'' and was only meant to appear in one episode? ===Poison Ivy (character)=== * ... that [[DC Comics]] villain '''[[Poison Ivy (character)|Poison Ivy]]''' was created because there was a need for more female villains on the 1966 series ''[[Batman (TV series)|Batman]]''? ===Catwoman=== [[File:Catwoman cosplayer (33483657440) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Bob Kane|Bob Kane's]] inspirations behind [[DC Comics]] [[antihero]] '''[[Catwoman]]''' ''(pictured)'' included actresses [[Jean Harlow]], [[Hedy Lamarr]], and his own cousin? ===Carmine Falcone=== * ... that [[John Turturro]] refused to play [[DC Comics|comic]] [[mafia|mob boss]] '''[[Carmine Falcone]]''' in TV series ''[[The Penguin (TV series)|The Penguin]]'' because it showed [[violence against women]]? ===Yassamin Ansari=== * ... that [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Yassamin Ansari]]''' was the first [[Iranian Americans|Iranian American]] elected to public office in [[Arizona]] and the second elected to the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Jimmy Carter=== [[File:Words from the President (42757498962) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2024, at the age of 100, former [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[Jimmy Carter]]''' ''(pictured)'' was nominated for a [[Grammy Award]], making him the oldest nominee ever? ===Los Alamos National Laboratory=== * ... that the '''[[Los Alamos National Laboratory]]''', where the [[Manhattan Project]] happened, has almost 900 facilities, thirteen of which are [[Nuclear weapon|nuclear-related]], and costs about $39.1 billion to repair? ===Pear=== [[File:Peer 'Bonne Louise d'Avranches' (Pyrus communis).jpg|right|100px]] *...that there are 3,000 known kinds of '''[[pear]]s''' ''(pictured)'' that are grown worldwide? ===Kemi Badenoch=== [[File:Official portrait of Kemi Badenoch MP crop 2, 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[2024 Conservative Party leadership election|2024]], [[Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party Leader]] '''[[Kemi Badenoch]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Black British|black]] leader of any [[List of political parties in the United Kingdom|major political party]] in the [[United Kingdom]]? ===Popsicle=== *...that the '''[[popsicle]]''' was accidentally made by an eleven-year-old boy named Frank Epperson in 1905? ===Sarah McBride=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Sarah McBride]]''' was elected as the first openly [[transgender]] member of the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]], having already been the first transgender state senator in [[Delaware]]? ===Tulsi Gabbard=== [[File:Tulsi Gabbard, official portrait, 113th Congress (cropped 3).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Tulsi Gabbard]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Samoan Americans|Samoan American]] and the first [[Hindu]] member of the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Miranda Hart=== * ... that in 2017, '''[[Miranda Hart]]''' became the first solo female presenter for the [[Royal Variety Performance]] in 105 years? ===Richard Feynman=== * ... that [[Manhattan Project]] member and [[List of Nobel Prize winners in Physics|Nobel Prize]] winner '''[[Richard Feynman]]''' is said to have helped uncover the reasons behind the [[Space Shuttle Challenger disaster|Space Shuttle ''Challenger'' disaster]]? ===Aella (writer)=== [[File:210919 Aella A Data Driven Approach to Sex Work -hru 3 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Aella (writer)|Aella]]''' ''(pictured)'', one of the highest-earning creators on [[OnlyFans]], also does research about the "[[ecosystem]]" of online [[sex worker]]s? ===Witch child=== *...that even though the practice of '''[[Witch child|killing children suspected of witchcraft]]''' has been done in [[Africa]], children have also been ritually killed in the [[United Kingdom]] for this reason? ===Great Pacific Garbage Patch=== *...that the '''[[Great Pacific Garbage Patch]]''' is at least the size of [[Texas]] and is mostly made of [[ghost net|lost fishing nets]]? ===XXXTentacion=== [[File:XXXTENTACION mugshot 7 14 2016 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that three years after his death, five of '''[[XXXTentacion|XXXTentacion's]]''' ''(pictured)'' unreleased [[SoundCloud]] songs were released as [[Non-fungible token|NFTs]] for charity? ===Mayra Gómez Kemp=== * ... that Cuban-Spanish entertainer '''[[Mayra Gómez Kemp]]''' is believed to be the first woman to host a television quiz show? ===Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō]]''' became the [[Māori King movement|Māori Queen]] at the age of 27, younger than the [[Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani|youngest reigning monarch]] of a [[sovereign nation]]? ===D. B. Cooper=== [[File:DBCooper.jpg|100px|right]] *...that more than fifty years after he jumped from a plane he had [[Aircraft hijacking|hijacked]], '''[[D. B. Cooper|D. B Cooper's]]''' ''(pictured)'' identity is still unknown? === Annalisa === [[File:Annalisa al suo concerto al Forum di Milano.jpg|right|100px]] *...that in 2024, Italian singer '''[[Annalisa]]''' ''(pictured)'' got an [[asteroid]] named after her? ===Reagan (2024 movie)=== * ... that in 2024, [[Facebook]] stopped the biographical movie '''''[[Reagan (2024 movie)|Reagan]]''''' from releasing ads on its platform believing they were trying to impact the [[2024 United States presidential election|2024 U.S. presidential election]]? ===Herbert A. Simon=== * ... that [[economist]] '''[[Herbert A. Simon]]''' is the first person to win a [[Turing Award]] and a [[Nobel Prize]]? ===Han Kang=== [[File:Han Kang - 2017 (cropped).png|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Han Kang]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[South Korea]]n writer and first female writer from [[Asia]] to win the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]? ===Ralph Steinman=== * ... that the [[Nobel Prize|Nobel Committee]] decided that '''[[Ralph Steinman]]''', who died three days before being honored, could keep his [[List of Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine|award]] despite their rule against [[Posthumous award|posthumous recognitions]]? ===Xi Jinping=== [[File:Chinese President Xi May 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Xi Jinping]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party|Chinese leader]] born after the establishment of the [[People's Republic of China]] in 1949? ===Geoffrey Hinton=== * ... that [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel laureate]] '''[[Geoffrey Hinton]]''', who has been called the "godfather of [[Artificial intelligence|AI]]", stopped working for [[Google]] in 2023 to 'freely' talk about the risks of [[AI]]? ===Narendra Modi=== [[File:PM Modi Portrait(cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2014, '''[[Narendra Modi]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Prime Minister of India|Indian prime minister]] to be born after the [[India|country's]] [[Independence Day (India)|independence]] from the [[British Empire]]? ===Donald Sutherland=== * ... that '''[[Donald Sutherland]]''' agreed to play [[Coriolanus Snow]] in ''[[The Hunger Games (movie)|The Hunger Games]]'' because he wanted younger viewers to start a [[Revolution|revolutionary movement]] in the [[United States]]? ===Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands=== [[File:Willem-Alexander Claus George Ferdinand (Isaac Herzog visit to the Netherlands) Portrait.jpeg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2013, '''[[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|King Willem-Alexander]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[List of monarchs of the Netherlands|male monarch]] of [[the Netherlands]] since 1890? ===Dick Schoof=== * ... that in August 2024, [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands|Dutch Prime Minister]] '''[[Dick Schoof]]''' banned members of his [[cabinet]] from using cellphones during meetings to stop the threat of [[espionage]]? ===Amazing Grace=== * ... that the new [[verse]]s in '''"[[Amazing Grace]]"''' that [[Harriet Beecher Stowe]] wrote in ''[[Uncle Tom's Cabin]]'' were passed down in [[African-American]] communities and churches? ===Sabrina Carpenter=== [[File:Sabrina Carpenter - O2 Arena 2025 - 049 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Sabrina Carpenter]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first female artist to hold the number one and two positions on the [[UK Singles Chart|UK singles chart]] for three weeks in a row? ===Sir William Ramsay=== * ... that after discovering [[helium]], [[neon]], [[argon]], [[krypton]], and [[xenon]], '''[[William Ramsay|Sir William Ramsay]]''' helped make [[noble gas]]es a new group in the [[periodic table]]? ===Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki=== * ... that there were about 160 people who were present and survived both of the '''[[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki]]'''? ===Krypton=== *...that the [[chemical element|element]] '''[[Krypton]]''' was found in 1898, but it took over 60 years to find a [[chemical compound]] of Krypton? ===Bernard Hill=== [[File:Bernard Hill cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Bernard Hill]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the only actor to appear in two of the three movies with the most [[Academy Awards]] of all time? ===Teddy bear=== * ... that '''[[Teddy bear|teddy bears]]''' are named after [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[Theodore Roosevelt|Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt]] because he refused to kill a [[bear]] during a hunting event? ===John Hickenlooper=== * ... that before becoming [[Colorado|Colorado's]] [[Governor of Colorado|governor]] and [[United States Senate|senator]], '''[[John Hickenlooper]]''' opened the state's first [[brewpub]]? ===Al Capone=== [[File:Al Capone in 1930.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that a few years after he was released from [[prison]], '''[[Al Capone]]''' ''(pictured)'' had the mental capacity of a 12-year-old even though he was over 40 years old? ===Denver=== * ... that '''[[Denver]]''' is [[nickname]]d the "Mile High City" because its official [[elevation]] is exactly one mile [[above sea level]]? ===Manila=== * ... that '''[[Manila]]''' was established as a [[Muslim]] settlement in the 13th century and later as a Spanish [[colony|colonial]] city in 1571? ===Shigeru Ishiba=== [[File:Ishiba Shigeru 20241001 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1986, future [[Prime Minister of Japan|Japanese Prime Minister]] '''[[Shigeru Ishiba]]''' ''(pictured)'' was elected to the [[House of Representatives (Japan)|House of Representatives]] at age 29, becoming the youngest House member at the time? ===Moulin Rouge=== * ... that about 800 bottles of [[Champagne (wine)|champagne]] are consumed during a typical day at the '''[[Moulin Rouge]]''', likely making it the largest single consumer of champagne in the world? ===Kesaria Abramidze=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Kesaria Abramidze]]''', the first person in the country [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] to admit to being [[transgender]], was murdered a day after the country passed an anti-[[LGBTQ+]] [[Bill (proposed law)|bill]]? ===Ana Brnabić=== [[File:Ana Brnabić 2023.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2017, '''[[Ana Brnabić]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first woman and the first openly [[gay]] person elected as [[Prime Minister of Serbia|Serbian Prime Minister]]? ===Lee Grant=== * ... that '''[[Lee Grant]]''' is the only [[Academy Award]]-winning actor to also direct an Academy Award-winning [[documentary]]? ===Droupadi Murmu=== * ... that '''[[Droupadi Murmu]]''' is the first person born after [[India|India's]] [[Indian independence movement|independence]] in 1947 to have been [[2022 Indian presidential election|elected]] [[President of India|president]]? ===Anna Kendrick=== [[File:Anna Kendrick May 2016.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1998, '''[[Anna Kendrick]]''' ''(pictured)'' was nominated for the [[Tony Award|Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical]] at the age of 12? ===Sophie Wells=== * ... that, even though she won ten [[Paralympic Games|Paralympic]] medals in [[para-equestrian|equestrian]], '''[[Sophie Wells]]''' is [[allergy|allergic]] to horses? ===Anne Hathaway=== * ... that [[Academy Award]]-winning actress '''[[Anne Hathaway]]''' originally wanted to be a [[Catholic]] [[nun]]? ===Otis Davis=== [[File:Otis Davis (1960).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[1960 Summer Olympics|1960]], '''[[Otis Davis]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first man to break the 45-second barrier during a [[400 metres|400 m event]] at the [[Summer Olympics]]? ===Margot Robbie=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Margot Robbie]]''' was named by ''[[Forbes]]'' as the world's highest-paid actress in 2023, with earnings of $78 million? ===Nestor Makhno=== [[File:1921. Нестор Махно в лагере для перемещенных лиц в Румынии (cropped).jpg|100px|right]] *...that '''[[Nestor Makhno]]''' ''(pictured)'' fought against both the [[White Army]] and the [[Red Army]] during the [[Russian Civil War]]? ===Montgomery Bus Boycott=== *...that in 1955, [[Rosa Parks]] was [[arrest]]ed, because she did not give up a '''[[Montgomery bus boycott|seat in a public bus]]'''? ===Audrey Hepburn=== [[File:Audrey Hepburn Roman Holiday cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Audrey Hepburn]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first actress to win an [[Academy Award]], a [[Golden Globe Award]] and a [[BAFTA Award]] for the same role? ===Sir John Gielgud=== * ... that in 1991 at the age of 87, '''[[John Gielgud|Sir John Gielgud]]''' became the oldest [[List of EGOT winners|EGOT winner]] and the first [[LGBT]] person to become one? ===Rita Moreno=== [[File:Rita Moreno in 2000.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Rita Moreno]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Latin America]]n woman to win an [[Academy Award]]? ===The Crown (TV series)=== * ... that the [[Netflix]] [[Emmy Award]]-winning series '''''[[The Crown (TV series)|The Crown]]''''' is an adaptation of the [[West End theatre|West End]] stage play ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]''? === Clipperton Island === *... that '''[[Clipperton Island]]''' has a [[France|French]] [[postal code]], even though [[Desert island|no one lives there]]? ===Richard Rodgers=== [[File:Rodgers.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that American composer '''[[Richard Rodgers]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first person to win [[List of EGOT winners|an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar and a Tony Award]]? ===Parasite (2019 movie)=== * ... that the 2019 [[Korean language]] movie '''''[[Parasite (2019 movie)|Parasite]]''''' was the first non-English movie to win the [[Academy Award for Best Picture]]? === Galápagos Islands === [[File:Galapagos+map.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the '''[[Galápagos Islands]]''' ''(pictured)'' of [[Ecuador]] are famous for inspiring [[Charles Darwin]]'s theory of [[evolution]] by [[natural selection]]? ===Alex Jennings=== * ... that '''[[Alex Jennings]]''' is the only actor to have won the [[Laurence Olivier Award|Olivier Award]]s in the drama, musical and comedy categories? ===James Earl Jones=== [[File:James Earl Jones Baltimore.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1991, '''[[James Earl Jones]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first actor to win two [[Emmy Award]]s in the same year? ===Jeffrey Titford=== * ... that former [[UK Independence Party|UKIP Leader]] '''[[Jeffrey Titford]]''', who was called "the father of [[Brexit]]", was a [[funeral director]] before starting politics? ===Peter Dutton=== * ... that in 2022, [[Leader of the Opposition (Australia)|Australian Opposition Leader]] '''[[Peter Dutton]]''' became the first [[Liberal Party of Australia#Federal Parliamentary Leaders of the Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal Party Leader]] to come from [[Queensland]]? === Koala === [[File:Koala climbing tree.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the '''[[koala]]''' ''(pictured)'' sleeps up to 20 hours a [[day]] because its eucalyptus leaf [[diet]] provides little [[energy]]? ===Mahathir Mohamad=== * ... that in 2018, when '''[[Mahathir Mohamad]]''' became the [[Prime Minister of Malaysia|Malaysian Prime Minister]] again at the age of 92, he also became the world's oldest serving state leader? === Statue of Liberty === [[File:Statue of Liberty 7.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the '''[[Statue of Liberty]]''' ''(pictured)'' was a gift from [[France]] to the [[United States]] in 1886 to celebrate [[United States Declaration of Independence|100 years of independence]]? === Shark === [[File:Great white shark south africa.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that '''[[shark]]s''' ''(pictured)'' have been around for over 400 million years, long before [[dinosaur]]s appeared? ===Ny-Ålesund=== *...that the most northerly [[post office]] in the world is in '''[[Ny-Ålesund]]'''? ===Po (river)=== [[File:View of the Po from Turin.jpg|right|100px]] *...that the '''[[Po (river)|Po River]]''' ''(pictured)'' stretches through five [[Italy|Italian]] cities? ===Lightning=== *...that a bolt of '''[[lightning]]''' can reach [[temperature]]s hotter than the surface of the [[sun]]? ===George VI=== [[File:H.R.H. King George VI and Queen Elizabeth visit the Canadian Pavilion at the World's Fair (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1939, '''[[George VI]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[reign]]ing [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|British monarch]] to visit the [[United States]]? ===Lord Mountbatten=== * ... that many historians believe that in 1968, '''[[Lord Mountbatten]]''', uncle of [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Philip]], was planning a [[coup d'état]] against [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]] [[Harold Wilson]]? ===Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon=== * ... that '''[[Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon]]''' was the first member of the [[British royal family|royal family]] in direct line of succession to be born in [[Scotland]] since the 1600s? ===Diana, Princess of Wales=== [[File:Princess Diana at Accord Hospice.png|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Diana, Princess of Wales]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first [[English people|Englishwoman]] to marry the [[Heir apparent|first-in-line]] to the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|British throne]] since the 1680s? ===Slave breeding in the United States=== *...that when [[slave]] [[import]]s to the [[United States]] were not allowed at the beginning of the 19th century, slaves were '''[[Slave breeding in the United States|bred like cattle]]'''? ===Pope=== *...that the '''[[Pope]]''' cannot be an [[organ donor]]? ===Traffic light=== [[File:東日本大震災から半年後の仙台８ Six Months after The East Japan Earthquake in Sendai8 (8561424208).jpg|right|100px]] *...the '''[[traffic light|traffic lights]]''' are [[blue]] in [[Japan]] ''(pictured)'' because ''ao'' in [[Japanese language|Japanese]] means both [[green]] or blue? ===Tea=== * ... that the country that is '''[[tea|tea's]]''' biggest maker and drinker is [[India]]? ===Concert=== * ... that the [[world]]’s longest '''[[concert]]''' lasted 453 [[hour]]s? ===Rodolfo Hernández Suárez=== * ... that [[Colombia]]n businessman '''[[Rodolfo Hernández Suárez]]''' refused to pay the [[ransom]] of his daughter's kidnapping by a [[Guerrilla warfare|guerrilla group]], citing his family's safety for not paying it? ===Edward VIII=== * ... that historians believe that [[Adolf Hitler]] was ready to make '''[[Edward VIII]]''' the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|king]] again to create a [[fascist]] [[Britain|British]] [[puppet government]] after [[Operation Sea Lion]] in 1940? ===Enceladus=== [[File:PIA17202-SaturnMoon-Enceladus-ApproachingFlyby-20151028.jpg|right|100px]] *...that [[Saturn]]'s moon '''[[Enceladus (moon)|Enceladus]]''' ''(pictured)'' reflects almost all the sunlight it gets, making it the most reflective moon in the [[Solar System]]? ===Kendall Jenner=== * ... that in 2017, '''[[Kendall Jenner]]''' was named the world's highest-paid model by ''[[Forbes]]'', beating model [[Gisele Bündchen]], who had been leading the list for more than 14 years? ===Uranus=== [[File:Uranus as seen by NASA's Voyager 2 (remastered).png|right|100px]] *...that the planet '''[[Uranus]]''' ''(pictured)'' rotates 98 degrees on its side? ===Alfonso Espinosa de los Monteros=== * ... that [[Ecuador]]ian news anchor '''[[Alfonso Espinosa de los Monteros]]''' holds the [[Guinness World Records|Guinness World Record]] for "longest career as a television news broadcaster" for his 56-year-career? ===Titan (moon)=== [[File:Titan in true color.jpg|100px|right]] *...that '''[[Titan (moon)|Titan]]''' ''(pictured)'' may have forms of life in its subsurface oceans? ===Ke Huy Quan=== * ... that in 2023, '''[[Ke Huy Quan]]''', a [[refugee]] of the [[Vietnam War]], became the first [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]]-born actor to win an [[Academy Award]]? ===Peggy Flanagan=== * ... that in 2019, [[Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota]] '''[[Peggy Flanagan]]''' became the highest ranking [[Native American]] woman elected to office in the [[United States]]? ===Chicago Water Tower=== * ... that the '''[[Chicago Water Tower]]''' is the only public tower to survive the [[Great Chicago Fire]] in 1871? ===Sir Shridath Ramphal=== * ... that during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], at age 92, former [[Commonwealth Secretary-General]] '''[[Shridath Ramphal|Sir Shridath Ramphal]]''' was the first lawyer to appear virtually before the [[International Court of Justice]]? ===Broccoli=== [[File:Broccoli and cross section edit.jpg |right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[broccoli]]''' ''(pictured)'' was introduced to [[England]] and the [[United States]] between 1800 and 1900? ===Klein bottle=== *...that true '''[[Klein bottle|Klein bottles]]''' cannot be filled with a [[liquid]]? ===Orange=== [[File:OrangeBloss wb.jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[orange (fruit)|oranges]]''' ''(pictured)'' are one of the few English words that do not rhyme? ===Advance-fee scam=== *...that even though they are common today, the first '''[[advance-fee scam|advance-fee scams]]''' started in the [[18th century]]? ===Apple=== [[File:95apple.jpeg|right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[apple]]s''' ''(pictured)'' were possibly the earliest tree to be [[Farming|cultivated]]? ===Taj Mahal=== [[File:Taj Mahal, Agra, India edit3.jpg|100x100px|right]] *... that the '''[[Taj Mahal]]''' ''(pictured)'' was built by [[Mughal dynasty|Emperor]] [[Shah Jahan]] as a [[mausoleum]] for his wife [[Mumtaz Mahal]]? ===Glasgow=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Glasgow]]''' opened the [[United Kingdom|United Kingdom's]] first official [[Consumerism|consumption]] room for [[illegal drugs]] including [[heroin]] and [[cocaine]]? ===Mona Lisa=== [[File:Mona Lisa, by Leonardo da Vinci, from C2RMF retouched.jpg|100x100px|right]] *...that some believe that the '''''[[Mona Lisa]]''''' ''(pictured)'' has no [[eyebrow]]s because they were accidentally removed during a [[Conservation (art)|restoration]]? ===Photograph (Ed Sheeran song)=== * ... that in 2016, [[Ed Sheeran]] was [[lawsuit|sued]] for $20 million over his song '''"[[Photograph (Ed Sheeran song)|Photograph]]"''' because he was accused of [[copyright infringement]] by the songwriters of "[[Amazing (Matt Cardle song)|Amazing]]"? ===Cheetah=== [[File:Gepardjagt1 (Acinonyx jubatus).jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that the '''[[cheetah]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the fastest land [[animal]], capable of running at speeds up to 75 miles per hour in less than 3 seconds? ===L'Origine du monde=== *...that in 2007, [[postcard]]s showing '''[[L'Origine du monde]]''' were the second-most popular in the [[Musée d'Orsay]]? ===Jill Biden=== [[File:Jill Biden 2024 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at the age of 69, '''[[Jill Biden]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the oldest woman to serve as [[First Lady of the United States]] and the first [[Italian American]] first lady? ===Doug Emhoff=== * ... that before becoming the first [[Second Gentleman of the United States]], '''[[Doug Emhoff]]''' was an entertainment lawyer and represented [[Walmart]] and [[Merck & Co.]]? ===Kamala Harris=== * ... that after 24 hours of '''[[Kamala Harris]]''' announcing her [[Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign|presidential campaign]], she raised $81 million in small-dollar donations, the highest of any candidate in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===Felipe VI=== [[File:Felipe VI in 2023.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Felipe VI]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Monarchy of Spain|Spanish monarch]] to receive and recognize [[LGBT]] organisations at a [[Royal Palace of El Pardo|royal palace]]? ===Silvio Santos=== * ... that '''[[Silvio Santos]]''' hosted his own [[variety show]] from 1963 until 2023 and was called the "greatest personality in the history of [[Brazil]]ian television"? ===Bajrakitiyabha=== [[File:Princess Bajrakitiyabha.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Bajrakitiyabha|Princess Bajrakitiyabha]]''' ''(pictured)'', who was thought to be the next-in-line to the [[Monarchy of Thailand|throne of Thailand]], has been in a [[coma]] since December 2022? ===Daniela Bianchi=== * ... that Italian model and [[Bond girl]] '''[[Daniela Bianchi]]''' was [[Dubbing (filmmaking)|dubbed over]] in ''[[From Russia with Love]]'' by British actress [[Barbara Jefford]] because of her "heavy" accent? === Flamingo === [[File:James's Flamingo mating ritual.jpg|100x100px|right]] *...that a group of '''[[flamingo]]s''' ''(pictured)'' is called a flamboyance? === Shrimp === *... that a '''[[shrimp]]''''s [[heart]] is in its [[head]]? === Giant Panda === [[File:Giant Panda 2004-03-2.jpg|right|100x100px]] * ... that the '''[[giant panda|giant panda's]]''' ''(pictured)'' [[diet]] is 99% [[bamboo]]? === Anglo-Zanzibar War === *... that the shortest [[war]] in history, the '''[[Anglo-Zanzibar War]]''' in 1896, lasted only 38 to 45 minutes? === Hummingbird === [[File:Purple-throated carib hummingbird feeding.jpg|100x100px|right]] *... that '''[[hummingbird]]s''' ''(pictured)'' are the only [[bird]]s that can fly backwards? ===India naming dispute=== *...that '''[[India naming dispute|the name 'India']]''' was first used by the [[Greeks]] to refer specifically to the [[Sindh|Lower Indus Valley]] in [[ancient Pakistan]]? ===Lettuce=== [[Image:Romaine lettuce.jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[lettuce]]''' ''(pictured)'' was one of the first plants brought to America by [[Christopher Columbus]]? ===Royal Air Force=== * ... that the '''[[Royal Air Force]]''' is the oldest [[air force]] in the world? ===Acid rain=== * ... that '''[[acid rain]]''' was a term first used in 1872? ===Lauren Underwood=== [[File:Lauren Underwood official portrait.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2019, at the age of 32, [[registered nurse]] '''[[Lauren Underwood]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the youngest [[African American|Black woman]] to serve in the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Michael Keaton=== * ... that because of [[Screen Actors Guild|SAG]] rules, '''[[Michael Keaton|Michael John Douglas]]''' had to change his name by searching a phone book under "K," saw "Keaton" and decided to pick it as his [[surname]]? ===Jesse Jackson=== * ... that in 1983, [[American Civil Rights Movement|civil rights activist]] '''[[Jesse Jackson]]''' became the first [[African American]] since the [[Reconstruction era]] to address the [[Alabama Legislature]]? ===Paetongtarn Shinawatra=== * ... that in 2024, at the age of 37, '''[[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]]''' became the youngest [[Prime Minister of Thailand|prime minister]] in [[Thailand|Thailand's]] history? ===Kangaroo=== [[File:Kangur.rudy.drs.jpg |right|100x100px]] *...that a female '''[[kangaroo]]''' ''(pictured)'' has three [[vagina]]s? ===Speed dating=== * ... that almost half of the women, and about a quarter of the men participating in '''[[speed dating]]''' make their choice within 30 seconds of meeting the other person? ===Bhumibol Adulyadej=== [[File:King Bhumibol Adulyadej 2010-9-29.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at 70 years, '''[[Bhumibol Adulyadej]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the longest [[Reign|reigning]] [[Monarchy of Thailand|Thai monarch]] and the longest of an independent [[Asian]] sovereign? ===Srettha Thavisin=== * ... that at {{convert|1.92|m|ftin}} tall, former [[Prime Minister of Thailand|Thai Prime Minister]] '''[[Srettha Thavisin]]''' was the tallest leader within [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations|ASEAN]]? ===Yingluck Shinawatra=== [[File:9153ri-Yingluck Shinawatra.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2011, '''[[Yingluck Shinawatra]]''' ''(pictured)'' became [[Thailand|Thailand's]] first female [[Prime Minister of Thailand|prime minister]] and its youngest in 60 years? ===Octopus=== *...that '''[[octopus]]es''' have three [[heart]]s; two for the [[gill]]s and one for the rest of the body? ===Spaghetti=== *...that a single [[strand]] of '''[[spaghetti]]''' is called a "spaghetto"? ===Eraser=== *...that before the 1700s, people used wet [[bread]] as '''[[erasers]]'''? ===Number=== *...that no '''[[number]]''' before 1,000 contains the [[letter]] [[A]]? ===Pluto=== *...that the [[ratio]] between the [[masses]] of '''[[Pluto]]''' and its moon [[Charon]] is so great that it is sometimes called a binary system? ===Maho Beach=== [[File:747-400 City of Bangkok landing at Princess Juliana 11-27-2012b.jpg|right|110px]] * ... that '''[[Maho Beach]]''' ''(pictured)'', in [[Saint Martin|Saint Martin island]], is directly across an [[Princess Juliana International Airport|airport]] and [[Fixed-wing aircraft|airplanes]] can be about 100 feet above beach goers? ===Buenos Aires=== *... that in 2005, '''[[Buenos Aires]]''' became the first [[UNESCO]] City of Design because of the city's [[architecture]] and [[fashion design|fashion design culture]]? ===Susan Wojcicki=== * ... that former CEO of [[YouTube]] '''[[Susan Wojcicki]]''' also helped create [[Google]] when she [[Renting|rented]] her garage as an office for the company's founders in 1998? ===Christopher Plummer=== * ... that '''[[Christopher Plummer]]''' is the only [[Canadians|Canadian]] actor to have won the "[[Triple Crown of Acting]]"? ===Haumea (dwarf planet)=== [[File:Haumea rotation with ring.gif|right|100x100px]] *...that because the [[dwarf planet]] '''[[Haumea (dwarf planet)|Haumea]]''' (''pictured'') was discovered shortly after [[Christmas]], it was originally called Santa? ===Titan=== * ...that [[Saturn]]'s biggest moon '''[[Titan (moon)|Titan]]''' could possibly have a subsurface [[ocean]]? ===Venus=== [[File:Venus from Mariner 10.jpg |right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[Venus]]''' ''(pictured)'' is called Earth's evil twin because it has [[sulphuric acid]] in its [[clouds]]? ===Lavinia Fontana=== [[File:Lavinia Fontana - Autoritratto (ca. 1577-85).jpg|100px|right]] *...that '''[[Lavinia Fontana]]''' (''self-portrait shown''), a 16th century painter, may have been the first woman to paint female [[nude (art)|nudes]]? ===Strawberry=== *... that [[Botany|botanically]] speaking, [[bananas]] are berries, but '''[[Strawberry|strawberries]]''' are not? ===Blood=== *...that there are traces of [[gold]] found in '''[[blood]]''' in the human body? ===Kangaroo rat=== [[File:kangaroo-rat.jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that the [[Nocturnal animals|nocturnal]] [[rodent]] the '''[[Kangaroo rat]]''' ''(pictured)'' has more efficient [[kidney]]s than humans do? ===Tokyo=== * ... that '''[[Tokyo]]''' started as a small fishing village known as [[Edo]] in the 1400s? ===Beijing=== * ... that throughout its history, '''[[Beijing]]''' was the [[China|Chinese]] capital six times? ===Michèle George=== [[File:Michle-george-1352493767.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[equestrianism|equestrian]] '''[[Michèle George]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first winner of a gold medal in [[para-dressage]] for [[Belgium]]? ===Tim Walz=== * ... that in 2007, then-[[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Tim Walz]]''' became the highest-ranking retired [[Enlisted rank|enlisted soldier]] ever to serve in [[United States Congress|Congress]]? ===Sir Lawrence Bragg=== [[File:Wl-bragg.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at age 25, physicist '''[[Lawrence Bragg|Sir Lawrence Bragg]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the youngest person to win a [[Nobel Prize]]? ===Guinea pig=== *... that the term '''[[Guinea pig]]''' is [[slang]] for being the first to try something? ===Taylor Swift=== [[File:Taylor Swift at the Golden Globes 2024 (Enhanced, cropped) 1.jpg |right|100px]] * ... that thirteen-time [[Grammy Awards]] winner '''[[Taylor Swift]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first musician to become a [[billionaire]] based on songs and performances as their [[revenue]]? ===Pete Buttigieg=== * ... that [[United States Secretary of Transportation|U.S. Transportation Secretary]] '''[[Pete Buttigieg]]''' is the first openly [[gay]] individual and first [[millennial]] to be a member of the [[United States Cabinet|U.S. Cabinet]]? ===Berlin=== * ... that '''[[Berlin]]''' is the only city in the world that hosts three [[opera house]]s? ===Janet Yellen=== * ... that '''[[Janet Yellen]]''' is the first person in [[History of the United States|American history]] to lead the three most powerful economic bodies in the [[Federal government]]: the [[United States Department of the Treasury|Treasury Department]], the [[Federal Reserve]], and the [[Council of Economic Advisers]]? ===Hakeem Jeffries=== [[File:Rep-Hakeem-Jeffries-Official-Portrait.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Hakeem Jeffries]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[African-American]] to serve as a [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|congressional party leader]]? ===Truman Show delusion=== *... that the '''[[Truman Show delusion|''Truman Show'' delusion]]''' is named after [[The Truman Show|the movie with the same name]], because some of the first patients said it provided a good description of what the condition felt like? ===Makemake (dwarf planet)=== [[File:Makemake and its moon.jpg|right|100px]] * ...that the [[dwarf planet]] '''[[Makemake (dwarf planet)|Makemake]]''' ''(pictured)'' used to be called [[Easter Bunny]] when it was first found? ===Depression (mental illness)=== * ... several scientific studies have found a link between '''[[Depression (mental illness)|depression]]''' and [[pesticide]]s? ===Charles Darwin=== * ... that while studying at [[Christ's College, Cambridge]], '''[[Charles Darwin]]''' formed a club called "the Gourmet Club" in which he would eat [[Exotic pet|exotic animals]]? ===Rome=== * ... that at 1,500 [[fountain]]s, '''[[Rome]]''' has the most fountains of any city in the world? ===Priti Patel=== [[File:Priti Patel Official Cabinet Portrait, September 2021 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2019, '''[[Priti Patel]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[British Indians|British Indian]] to serve as [[Home Secretary]]? ===Toronto=== * ... that in 2021, 51% of '''[[Toronto]]''' residents were born outside [[Canada]] with 45% of the city's residents speaking a [[First language|first language]] other than French or English? ===Madrid=== * ... that '''[[Madrid|Madrid's]]''' name comes from the [[Arabic]] word ''magerit'', meaning “place of many [[stream]]s"? ===Joe Biden=== [[File:President Joe Biden delivers remarks from the Oval Office (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2024, '''[[Joe Biden]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[incumbent]] [[President of the United States|president]] in [[History of the United States|American history]] to [[Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election|withdraw from reelection]] since [[1968 United States presidential election|1968]]? ===Romance Scam=== *...that people lose more money to '''[[romance scam]]s''' than to other similar types of [[scam]]? ===Rachel Reeves=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Rachel Reeves]]''' became the first female [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]]? ===Deb Haaland=== [[File:Deb Haaland official portrait, 116th congress 2 (1).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2021, [[United States Secretary of the Interior|Interior Secretary]] '''[[Deb Haaland]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Native American]] [[Cabinet of the United States|Cabinet secretary]] in [[History of the United States|U.S. history]]? ===Amsterdam=== * ... that '''[[Amsterdam]]''' sits at two meters below [[sea level]] and is built on soft [[peat]] and [[clay]] in order to stay above water? ===Rio de Janeiro=== * ... that '''[[Rio de Janeiro]]''' is named for a river that does not exist after [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] [[explorer]]s mistook an [[Bay|oceanic bay]] for a river? ===Sexual slavery=== *...that estimates of the number of '''[[sexual slavery|sex slaves]]''' in 2001 varied between 400,000 and 1.75 million? ===Potsdam=== * ... that '''[[Potsdam]]''' was intended as "a picturesque, [[Pasture|pastoral]] dream" which would remind its people of their relationship with [[nature]] and reason? ===Myriam Spiteri Debono=== * ... that [[President of Malta]] '''[[Myriam Spiteri Debono]]''' is a [[technophobia|technophobe]] and uses her husband's [[email]] account for official duties? ===Cheng Pei-pei=== [[File:Cheng Pei Pei (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Chinese people|Chinese]] actress '''[[Cheng Pei-pei]]''' ''(pictured)'', who was nicknamed the "Queen of [[Kung-fu|Kung Fu]]", was thought to be cinema's first female [[Action movie|action]] hero? ===We Didn't Start the Fire (Fall Out Boy song)=== * ... that the 2023 song '''"[[We Didn't Start the Fire (Fall Out Boy song)|We Didn't Start the Fire]]"''', which covers popular events from 1989 to 2023, did not mention the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] because it could not [[rhyme]] with ''[[Bush v. Gore]]''? ===JD Vance=== * ... that [[Vice President of the United States]] '''[[JD Vance]]''' is the first [[millennial]] to be on a presidential ticket of a major party in the [[United States]]? ===Sir Keir Starmer=== [[File:Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer Official Portrait (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that the [[Cabinet of the United Kingdom|cabinet]] of [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]] '''[[Keir Starmer|Sir Keir Starmer]]''' ''(pictured)'' has the most female ministers in the [[United Kingdom|country's]] history? ===Stanford prison experiment=== <!--[[File:SPE1971-prisoner-breaks-down.jpg|100px|right]]--> *...that the '''[[Stanford prison experiment]]''' was stopped after six days, because guards had started to [[torture]] prisoners? ===Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania=== * ... that within one day of [[Donald Trump|Donald Trump's]] '''[[Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania|attempted assassination]]''' in [[Pennsylvania]], [[Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign|his campaign]] raised over $2 million for his supporters who were hurt or killed in the shooting? ===Dennis Skinner=== * ... that '''[[Dennis Skinner]]''' was [[:wikt:suspension|suspended]] from the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|British Parliament]] at least ten times for calling members inappropriate names including former [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] [[David Cameron]]? ===Phoenix, Arizona=== * ... that '''[[Phoenix, Arizona]]''' is the most populated [[state capital]] of the [[United States]]? ===Masoud Pezeshkian=== [[File:Masoud Pezeshkian, 2024-6-12 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that before entering politics, [[President of Iran]] '''[[Masoud Pezeshkian]]''' ''(pictured)'' was a heart [[surgeon]]? ===Enumclaw horse sex case=== * … that one of the most read articles of ''[[The Seattle Times]]'' in 2005 was about a man who died after '''[[Enumclaw horse sex case|having sex with a horse]]'''? ===Steven Chu=== * ... that former [[United States Secretary of Energy|U.S. Secretary of Energy]] '''[[Steven Chu]]''' became the first [[Nobel Prize]] winner to have a position in the [[United States Cabinet|U.S. Cabinet]] in 2009? ===Robert Pickton=== * ... that [[serial killer]] '''[[Robert Pickton]]''' told an [[Covert operation|undercover officer]] that he killed 49 people and wished he killed one more to make it an "even fifty"? ===Blanche Lincoln=== [[File:Blanche Lincoln, 2007.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at the age of 38, '''[[Blanche Lincoln]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the youngest woman ever elected to the [[United States Senate]]? ===Devil=== * ... that in the [[Koran]], the '''[[Devil]]''' often appears as an animal and tries to get people to do the wrong thing? ===Anti-tobacco movement in Nazi Germany=== *...that when they found a link between [[smoking]] and [[lung cancer]] in 1940, the [[Nazi]]s created the '''[[Anti-tobacco movement in Nazi Germany|first anti-smoking campaign]]''' in modern history? ===Gregory Peck=== * ... that [[Academy Award]]-winning actor '''[[Gregory Peck]]''' said that he was almost offered the [[ambassador|ambassadorship]] to [[Ireland]] by President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]? ===Gabriel García Márquez=== [[File:Gabriel Garcia Marquez2 (2009).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Colombia]]n [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] winner '''[[Gabriel García Márquez]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the most-[[translation|translated]] Spanish-language author? ===Dixy Lee Ray=== * ... that '''[[Dixy Lee Ray]]''', the first female [[Governor of Washington]], was also the youngest girl to [[summit]] [[Mount Rainier]]? === India === *...that the name '''[[India]]''' comes from the [[Indus River]], which is located mostly in [[Pakistan]] and is the [[National symbols of Pakistan|national river]] of the country? ===Claudia Sheinbaum=== * ... that [[President of Mexico|President-elect of Mexico]] '''[[Claudia Sheinbaum]]''' was a member of the [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]] when they won a [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in 2007? ===Katherine Johnson=== [[File:NASA human computers - Katherine Coleman Goble Johnson.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Katherine Johnson]]''' ''(pictured)'' was called one of the first [[African-American]] women to work as a [[NASA]] scientist? ===Buzz Aldrin=== * ... that when '''[[Buzz Aldrin]]''' walked on the [[Moon]] during the [[Apollo 11]] mission, he took [[Eucharist|communion]] and became the first and only person to hold a religious ceremony on the Moon? ===Françoise Hardy=== [[File:FrancoiseHardy-1967-Venise-ReportagePhoto.png|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Françoise Hardy]]''' ''(pictured)'', a popular singer of the [[Yé-yé]] style of music, was also an [[astrology|astrologist]] and wrote books about it? ===Mason–Dixon line=== *...that [[surveyor]]s were hired to fix the border between [[Maryland]] and [[Pennsylvania]], after people had become tired of the '''[[Mason–Dixon line|violence between the two colonies]]'''? ===Ronald Reagan=== * ... that after [[Korean Air Lines Flight 007]] was shot down in 1983, [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[Ronald Reagan]]''' announced that the American military's [[GPS]] would be allowed for [[civilian]] use? ===Seven Nation Army=== * ... that when [[Jack White]] created the [[riff]] for '''"[[Seven Nation Army]]"''', he wanted it used for a [[James Bond]] theme, however he decided to make it into a separate song because he thought that would never happen? ===John Quincy Adams=== * ... that [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[John Quincy Adams]]''', who led the fight against [[slavery]] in [[United States Congress|Congress]], was fluent in [[Latin]] and [[French language|French]]? ===Carl Sagan=== [[File:Carl Sagan Planetary Society cropped.png|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Carl Sagan]]''' ''(pictured)'' said that smoking [[cannabis]] helped him in writing his books? ===Vegetable=== * ... that in 1893 the [[United States Supreme Court]] declared that the [[fruit]] [[Tomato]] is a '''[[vegetable]]''' for [[taxation]] purposes? ===Adolf Hitler=== * ... that according to historians, '''[[Adolf Hitler]]''' had only one [[testicle]]? ===Ebrahim Raisi=== * ... that former [[President of Iran|President]] '''[[Ebrahim Raisi]]''' was nicknamed "the Butcher of [[Tehran]]" for his role on the "death committee" during the [[1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners|1988 mass executions]] of [[Iranian people|Iranian]] [[political prisoners]]? ===Solovey (Go_A song)=== * ... that "'''[[Solovey (Go A song)|Solovey]]'''" was the first song in the history of [[Eurovision Song Contest|Eurovision]] to be fully in the [[Ukrainian language]]? ===Jamie Lee Curtis=== [[File:Jamie Lee Curtis (28770868877) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Academy Award]]-winning actress '''[[Jamie Lee Curtis]]''' ''(pictured)'' did not want to be called Baroness [[Christopher Guest|Haden-Guest]] because she said the title has nothing to do with her? ===Murder of Linda Andersen=== *...that '''[[Murder of Linda Andersen|two girls who killed their mother]]''' when they were [[teenager]]s successfully studied at [[university]], after serving their sentence; one became a [[lawyer]] and the other a [[scientist]]? ===William Shockley=== * ... that [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] winning physicist '''[[William Shockley]]''' ran for the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] in 1982 because of the "[[Dysgenics|dysgenic threat]]" he believed [[African Americans|African-Americans]] created? ===Giorgia Meloni=== [[File:Giorgia Meloni Official 2022 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Giorgia Meloni]]''' ''(pictured)'', who was elected in [[2022 Italian general election|2022]], is [[Italy|Italy's]] first female [[Prime Minister of Italy|prime minister]]? ===Marianne Wiggins=== * ... that when Muslims were ordered to kill [[Salman Rushdie]], his wife '''[[Marianne Wiggins]]''' also started hiding, even though she told him five days earlier that she did not want to be married to him anymore? ===Dick Van Dyke=== [[File:Dick Van Dyke by Gage Skidmore.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at age 98, '''[[Dick Van Dyke]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the oldest person to be nominated and win a [[Daytime Emmy Award]]? ===Andrew Johnson=== * ... that a proposal to [[impeachment|impeach]] [[President of the United States]] '''[[Andrew Johnson]]''' in 1868 failed by one vote? ===Russia=== * ... that '''[[Russia]]''' got its name from a [[Medieval Latin]] name for the [[Kievan Rus']]? ===Cynisca=== *...that even though [[women]] were forbidden from attending the [[Ancient Olympic Games]], [[Sparta]]n [[princess]] '''[[Cynisca]]''' won them twice? ===Nude recreation=== *...that when a [[museum]] in [[Vienna]] offered a '''[[nude recreation|naked museum tour]]''' of a [[controversial]] [[exhibition]] called ''Nude Men'' in February 2013, more than 60 people attended that tour? ===Dishwasher=== *...that a [[socialite]] who was worried that her dishes would break while they were being washed came up with a successful design of a '''[[dishwasher]]''' in the late 19th century? ===Pete McCloskey=== * ... that in 1967, [[Purple Heart]] [[Korean War]] veteran '''[[Pete McCloskey]]''' won against child actress [[Shirley Temple]] in a [[special election]] for the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]? ===Simon Harris=== * ... that at age 37, '''[[Simon Harris]]''' is the youngest person to become [[Ireland|Ireland's]] [[Taoiseach]]? ===Mary Peltola=== [[File:Mary Peltola celebrating reeelection (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Mary Peltola]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Alaska Natives|Alaskan Native]] member of [[United States Congress|congress]]? ===Ima Keithel=== * ... that '''[[Ima Keithel]]''' is a [[market]] in [[Manipur]] that is the only one run by women alone? ===Pubic hair=== *... that four out of five women, and about half of the men in the [[United States]] trim or remove their '''[[pubic hair]]'''? ===Olaf Scholz=== * ... that '''[[Olaf Scholz]]''' is the first [[Chancellor of Germany|Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany]] to not be a member of the [[Protestant Church in Germany|Protestant Church]]? ===Ursula von der Leyen=== * ... that when she was elected in 2019, '''[[Ursula von der Leyen]]''' became the first female [[President of the European Commission]]? ===Dance the Night=== * ... that [[Mark Ronson]] wrote a song for the [[Rehearsal|dance rehearsals]] of the movie ''[[Barbie (movie)|Barbie]]'' which later became "'''[[Dance the Night]]'''"? ===Gottfried Böhm=== [[File:Gottfried Böhm 2015.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1986, '''[[Gottfried Böhm]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first [[German people|German]] [[architect]] to win a [[Pritzker Prize]]? ===Sahara=== * ... that in the last hundred years, the '''[[Sahara]]''' has grown by about ten percent because of [[desertification]]? ===José Andrés=== * ... that chef and [[humanitarianism|humanitarian]] '''[[José Andrés]]''' is said to have made [[Tapas|small plates dining]] popular in the [[United States]]? ===Red Sea crisis=== * ... that the first event in the history of [[space warfare]] occurred during the '''[[Red Sea crisis]]'''? ===Trina Robbins=== [[File:Trina Robbins 2010 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1970, cartoonist '''[[Trina Robbins]]''' ''(pictured)'' helped create the first [[comic book]] entirely produced by women? ===Sultan bin Salman Al Saud=== * ... that '''[[Sultan bin Salman Al Saud]]''', the son of [[Salman of Saudi Arabia|Saudi King Salman]], is the first member of a royal family to fly in [[outer space|space]] as well as the first Arab and the first [[Muslim]] to do so? === Ostrich === *... that '''[[ostrich]]es''' have the biggest eyes among all [[terrestrial animals]]? === Names of Pakistan === [[File:British Indian Empire 1909 Imperial Gazetteer of India.jpg|100x100px|right]] *... that the '''[[Names of Pakistan|name of modern Pakistan]]''' ''(pictured)'' is an [[acronym]] derived from the five regions of the [[British Raj]]: [[Punjab (Pakistan)|''P''unjab]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|''A''fghania]], [[Kashmir|''K''ashmir]], [[Sindh|''S''indh]], and [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Baluchis''tan'']]? === Akkadian Empire === [[File:Empire akkad.svg|100x100px|right]] *... that the '''[[Akkad|Akkadian Empire]]''' ''(pictured)'' of [[Mesopotamia]] is the oldest known [[empire]] in history? ===Houston=== * ... that after [[New York City]], '''[[Houston]]''' has the most [[Fortune 500|''Fortune'' 500]] headquarters of any [[United States|American]] city within its city limits? === Total Eclipse of the Heart === * ... that leading up to the [[solar eclipse of August 21, 2017]], the [[streaming media|streams]] for [[Bonnie Tyler]]'s 1983 single '''"[[Total Eclipse of the Heart]]"''' went up 827% globally? === Ancient Pakistan === [[File:Indus script.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the oldest recorded name of '''[[Ancient Pakistan]]''' ''(pictured)'' is Meluhha, the [[Sumer]]ian name for the [[Indus Valley Civilization|Indus Valley]]? ===Charles Michel=== * ... that when '''[[Charles Michel]]''' became the [[Prime Minister of Belgium]] in 2014, he was the youngest Belgian prime minister in 173 years? ===Jörn Donner=== [[File:Jörn Donner in 2014 06.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that director '''[[Jörn Donner]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first and, to date, only person from [[Finland]] to win an [[Academy Award]]? ===Katie Britt=== * ... that [[Alabama]] [[United States Senator|U.S. Senator]] '''[[Katie Britt]]''' was [[criticism|criticized]] for giving her [[response to the State of the Union address|response]] to the [[State of the Union address]] from her [[kitchen]]? ===Gandhara=== *... that the region of '''[[Gandhara]]''' in [[Pakistan]] is the second holy land of [[Buddhism]], the first being [[Magadha]] in [[Nepal]] and [[India]]? ===Olivia Rodrigo=== [[File:Olivia Rodrigo @ Theatre at Ace Hotel 10 09 2023 (53423735984).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Olivia Rodrigo]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first artist to have their first two releases in the top 10 on [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]]? ===Lyndon B. Johnson=== * ... that at age 42, '''[[Lyndon B. Johnson]]''' was the youngest [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|leader]] of the [[United States Senate]] in [[American history]]? ===Kristi Noem=== [[File:Noem Portrait (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that when '''[[Kristi Noem]]''' ''(pictured)'' was a [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]], she took online college classes and received [[internship|intern credits]] because she was a congresswoman? ===Marianne Williamson=== * ... that before running for [[President of the United States]] in [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]] and [[2024 United States presidential election|2024]], '''[[Marianne Williamson]]''' was a [[The New York Times Best Seller list|''New York Times'' best selling]] [[spirituality|spiritual writer]] and was nicknamed "[[Oprah Winfrey|Oprah's]] spiritual advisor"? ===Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine=== * ... that even though '''[[Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine|Belarus helped Russia]]''' with [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|their invasion of Ukraine]], [[President of Belarus|President]] [[Alexander Lukashenko]] said that there is "no way" [[Belarus|Belarusian]] soldiers will attack [[Ukraine]]? ===J. Robert Oppenheimer=== * ... that in 2022, '''[[J. Robert Oppenheimer|J. Robert Oppenheimer's]]''' [[security clearance]] was given back to him, 68 years after it was controversially removed during the [[Red scare|Second Red scare]]? ===Chicago River=== [[File:The Chicago River turns green for St. Patrick's Day. 2018 (26997623508).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that the tradition of [[dye|dyeing]] the '''[[Chicago River]]''' green ''(pictured)'' for [[Saint Patrick's Day]] started by accident in 1961 when plumbers accidentally spilled [[fluorescein]] into the river? ===Functional illiteracy=== *...that 14% of the [[adult]]s living in the [[United States]] have problems in their everyday life, because they cannot '''[[functional illiteracy|read and write well enough]]'''? ===Kirby's Dream Course=== *...that '''''[[Kirby's Dream Course]]''''' was not originally going to be a ''[[Kirby (series)|Kirby]]'' game, and the version without Kirby was later released on the [[Satellaview]]? ===Harvard University=== * ... that eight [[Presidents of the United States]] have [[graduated]] from '''[[Harvard University]]'''? ===Japanese spider crab=== *... that the '''[[Japanese spider crab]]''' has the largest leg span among any [[arthropod]] in the world? ===Toby Fox=== *...that '''[[Toby Fox|Toby Fox's]]''' first important work was a [[Halloween]] version of ''[[EarthBound]]''? ===The Godfather=== * ... that '''''[[The Godfather]]''''' made over $100 million in the [[box office]] 18 weeks after its release in 1972, making it the fastest movie to reach that number? ===Abortion in France=== *...that '''[[abortion in France]]''' was protected in the French [[constitution]] in March 2024, making France the only country to have abortion as a constitutional right? ===O'Hare station train crash=== [[File:OHare Airport L crash, March 2014.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in March 2014, a [[Chicago]] [[Blue Line (CTA)|subway train]] '''[[O'Hare station train crash|crashed]]''' ''(pictured)'' at the [[O'Hare International Airport]] because the conductor fell asleep while operating? ===Paracetamol=== *...that '''[[Paracetamol]]''' ''(acetaminophen)'' is the main cause of [[liver failure]] in the [[United States]] and [[Great Britain]]? ===Mario Party 8=== * ... that '''''[[Mario Party 8]]''''' was removed from stores in the [[United Kingdom]] after a [[slur]] was found in the game? ===Eswatini=== * ... that Swaziland changed their name to '''[[Eswatini]]''' because the old name sounded too similar to [[Switzerland]]? ===Alejandro Mayorkas=== * ... that [[United States Secretary of Homeland Security|U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security]] '''[[Alejandro Mayorkas]]''' is the first [[United States Cabinet]] member to be [[impeachment|impeached]] since 1876? ===Kuwaiti dinar=== *... that the '''[[Kuwaiti dinar]]''' is the most valuable [[currency]] in the world? ===Carnivorous plant=== *... that different [[plant]]s developed the '''[[carnivorous plant|ability to catch and trap insects]]''' at least six times? ===Super Bowl LVIII=== * ... that '''[[Super Bowl LVIII]]''' is the most watched [[United States]] broadcast since the [[Apollo 11]] moon landing? ===Liverpool Women's Hospital bombing=== * ...that the [[taxi]] driver in the '''[[Liverpool Women's Hospital bombing]]''' was called a [[hero]] for locking the [[terrorist]] inside of his taxi? ===Acoustic Kitty=== *...that in the 1960s, the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] fitted [[cat]]s to '''[[Acoustic Kitty|act as spies]]'''? ===The Typewriter=== *...that in the 1950s, [[Leroy Anderson]] composed '''[[The Typewriter|a piece of music]]''' for the [[typewriter]] and [[orchestra]]? ===Pesse canoe=== [[File:Boomstamkano van Pesse, Drents Museum, 1955-VIII-2.jpg|right|100px]] *... that the '''[[Pesse canoe]]''' ''(pictured)'', a [[Dugout canoe|dugout]] dating back to between 7500 and 8000 [[BCE]], may be one of the world's oldest [[boat]]s? === Medieval philosophy === *... that '''[[Medieval philosophy]]''' began in the historic city of [[Baghdad]], now the capital of [[Iraq]], in the [[8th century]]? ===Poultry=== *... that '''[[Poultry]]''' is the second most eaten type of [[meat]] after [[pork]]? ===In Guezzam=== *...that in '''[[In Guezzam]]''' less than four out of ten people [[literacy|can read or write]]? ===Suriname=== *...that in '''[[Suriname]]''' most people who cannot read or write are women? === Masjid al-Haram === [[File:Great Mosque of Mecca.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the '''[[Masjid al-Haram]]''' ''(pictured)'' in [[Makkah]], [[Saudi Arabia]] is the largest [[mosque]] in the world and is also the most expensive building on [[Earth]]? ===2024 Ecuadorian conflict=== * ... that in January 2024, several armed gang members '''[[2024 Ecuadorian conflict|stormed a television studio]]''' in [[Guayaquil]], [[Ecuador]] while it was broadcasting live? ===Meat-Shaped Stone=== [[File:Meat-Shaped Stone Gathering of Treasures 1.jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that the '''''[[Meat-Shaped Stone]]''''' ''(pictured)'' is one of the Three Treasures of the [[National Palace Museum]] in [[Taiwan]]? ===25 or 6 to 4=== * ... that the [[Chicago (band)|Chicago]] song "'''[[25 or 6 to 4]]'''" was banned in [[Singapore]] from 1970 to 1993 because the country thought the song was about drugs? ===Madison Marsh=== [[File:Active Duty Miss America (4) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[Miss America 2024|2024]], [[Second_lieutenant#United_States|second lieutenant]] '''[[Madison Marsh]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first member of the [[United States Armed Forces|U.S. Armed Forces]] to win the [[Miss America|Miss America title]]? ===Postpartum depression=== * ... that '''[[postpartum depression]]''' affects more women living in [[Human Development Index|low and middle income countries]] than those living in high income countries? ===Trump International Hotel and Tower=== * ... that because of [[Donald Trump]] adding a large sign with his name on the '''[[Trump International Hotel and Tower]]''', [[Chicago]] considered changing its rules for future sign-building on its skyscrapers? ===875 North Michigan Avenue=== * ... that '''[[875 North Michigan Avenue]]''' in [[Chicago]] has the highest indoor swimming pool in the [[United States]]? ===iPhone 6=== [[File:IPhone 6 bottom.png|right|100px]] * ... that over ten million '''[[iPhone 6]]''' ''(pictured)'' were sold in the first week of its release in 2014, making it one of best-selling [[touchscreen]] phones of all time? ===Moscow=== * ... that '''[[Moscow]]''' is the largest city by [[land area]] on the [[Europe|European continent]]? ===Pineapple=== * ... that '''[[pineapple]]s''' can take two or three years to grow? 9kimg89eoirl4u8ef2gj6t9p1o8ua2y 10369245 10368980 2025-07-03T08:51:57Z Cactusisme 1477024 /* Gina Ortiz Jones */ Reply 10369245 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bots|optout=SIGN}} This page is for nominations to appear in the "Did you know" section on the [[Main Page]]. To discuss Did You Know please use [[Wikipedia talk:Did you know]]. <center><big>'''[[Template talk:Did you know#Nominations|SKIP TO NOMINATIONS]]'''</big></center> {{DYKbox}} {{tocright}} == Instructions == '''Did you know?''' (DYK) entries are interesting facts that many people may not know. On this page possible entries are listed and members of the DYK project assess the nominations for the DYK section. DYKs are listed on the [[Main Page]]. === How to enter a DYK === List articles on this page under the '''Nominations''' area, below. The newest nominations go at the top. If you would like to make a nomination, you should read the rules below. If there is a picture that you would like to see used with your nomination, please add it with your nomination as shown below. Any user may nominate a DYK suggestion. {{Wikipedia:Did you know}} == Chart == Please use one of the following templates when reviewing nominations. {| class="wikitable" width=100% ! width=10% | Symbol !! width=10% | Code !! width=10% | Ready for DYK? !! width=50% | Description |- align="center" |- align="center" | [[File:Symbol confirmed.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKyes}}</nowiki> || Yes || align="left" | No problems, ready for DYK |- align="center" | [[File:Pictogram voting keep.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKagf}}</nowiki> || Yes, [[Wikipedia:Assume good faith|WP:AGF]] || align="left" | Hook cited to a source not on the Internet, but to a reliable publication. |- align="center" | [[File:Pictogram reply.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKfixed}}</nowiki> || Yes, issue fixed. || align="left" | The issue preventing DYK, or the request for improvement has now been fixed. |- align="center" | [[File:Symbol possible vote.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKalmost}}</nowiki> || Almost || align="left" | Article is on the way to being ready for DYK, but the reviewer has questions. |- align="center" | [[File:Symbol delete vote.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKno}}</nowiki> || No || align="left" | Article is unable to be used on DYK, the time limit has passed, or there are larger reservations. |} {{DYK-Refresh}} <!--<center><big>'''{{#ifeq:{{Did you know/Queue/EmpQ}}||ALL QUEUES ARE FULL AT THE MOMENT.|THE NEXT EMPTY QUEUE IS [[Template:Did you know/Queue/{{Did you know/Queue/EmpQ}}]] AND}} THE NEXT UPDATE WILL BE FROM [[Template:Did you know/Queue/{{Did you know/Queue/NexQ}}]]'''</big></center>--> == Nominations == Please add new nominations below ''with newer nominations at the top''. Nominations should be headed with a <nowiki>===Level Three===</nowiki> header containing a link to the article that the hook is from. If possible, all hooks should contain a relevant file from Wikimedia Commons – this can be a picture or a sound. The subject article should be '''<nowiki>'''bolded'''</nowiki>'''. <!--- please uncomment the template below if there are no nominations in the section; add newer nominations at the top, but below the template --> === Al Hilal SFC === * ... that '''[[Al Hilal SFC|Al Hilal]]''' was the only Asian football club to reach the knockout tournament in [[2025 FIFA Club World Cup]]? [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 08:00, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ===Gina Ortiz Jones=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Gina Ortiz Jones]]''' became the first [[Asian-American]] female mayor of a major city in [[Texas]] and the first openly [[gay]] mayor of [[San Antonio]]? --[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 17:37, 28 June 2025 (UTC) *:{{dykyes}} [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">hi</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 08:51, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ==Holding area== Hooks that are ready to be moved to a queue for update may be held in this area until a space in a queue becomes available. To be eligible to move into this area, a hook must meet all of the promotion guidelines as outlined above. Hooks in this area do not count towards a user's nomination limit. If you change or re-review a hook in this area, it must be moved back to the main nominations section for discussion to continue. The only changes permitted here are formatting or spelling changes, or adding an associated file. <!-- Add nominations below this comment --> ===Violeta Chamorro=== [[File:Violeta Chamorro 1993.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1990, when '''[[Violeta Chamorro]]''' ''(pictured)'' was elected [[President of Nicaragua]], she became the first elected woman president in the [[Americas]]? ===Sir Billy Boston=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Billy Boston|Sir Billy Boston]]''' became the first [[Rugby League|rugby league footballer]] to be [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]]? ===Toni Morrison=== [[File:Toni Morrison.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1993, '''[[Toni Morrison]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[African American]] woman to win the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]? ===Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran=== * ... that the '''[[Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran]]''' was founded in 324, making it the oldest public church in [[Rome]] and the oldest [[basilica]] in the [[Western world]]? ===Greg Abbott=== * ... that in 2015, '''[[Greg Abbott]]''' became the first [[Governor of Texas|Texas governor]] and third governor of a [[U.S. state]] to use a [[wheelchair]]? ===Amazon River=== [[File:Amazon 57.53278W 2.71207S.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that there are no [[Bridge|bridges]] that cross the '''[[Amazon River]]''' ''(pictured)'' because of the [[Amazon rainforest]]? === iOS 26 === * ... that 13 years after the [[iOS 7]] was [[Design|redesigned]] with a "flat style", the '''[[iOS 26]]''' was redesigned with a [[Liquid Glass]] design? ===Ron DeSantis=== [[File:Governor Ron DeSantis at the CNN Republican Presidential Debate (53460294753) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2019, at the age of 40, '''[[Ron DeSantis]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the youngest [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[Governor of Florida|governor]] in [[Florida|Florida's history]]? ===Egypt=== * ... that '''[[Egypt]]''' has the most powerful [[Egyptian Armed Forces|military force]] in the [[Arab world]] and [[Africa]] since 2025? === Colour of the day (police) === *... that in [[New York City]], [[police|undercover police]] wear different '''[[Color of the day (police)|colored items of clothing]]''' to quickly recognize each other? ===Kathy Hochul=== [[File:Kathy Hochul March 2024 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2021, '''[[Kathy Hochul]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first female [[Governor of New York]] and the first from [[Upstate New York]]? ===Mikie Sherrill=== * ... that before she became the first [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] to [[United States House of Representatives|represent]] [[New Jersey's 11th congressional district]] in over 30 years, '''[[Mikie Sherrill]]''' was a [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] [[helicopter]] pilot? ===Abigail Spanberger=== * ... that before becoming the first woman to represent [[Virginia's 7th congressional district]] in the [[U.S. House of Representatives|U.S. House]], '''[[Abigail Spanberger]]''' was a [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA operations officer]]? ===Gavin Newsom=== [[File:Newsom April 2024 (3x4 cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2022, [[Governor of California|Governor]] '''[[Gavin Newsom]]''' ''(pictured)'' made [[California]] the first [[sanctuary city|sanctuary state]] for [[transgender|transgender youth]]? ===Cambodian genocide=== * ... that the '''[[Cambodian genocide]]''' happened because [[dictator]] [[Pol Pot]] and the [[Khmer Rouge]] wanted to roll back [[Cambodia]] to "Year Zero" when every Cambodian was a [[Rural area|rural]] [[farmer]]? ===Joan Didion=== [[File:Didion1970 (cropped).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that '''[[Joan Didion]]''' ''(pictured)'' wrote her first novel, which was about a woman dying in the [[Sahara Desert]], when she was five years old? ===South Korea=== * ... that 70% of '''[[South Korea]]''' is covered by hills and mountains? ===Louise Glück=== [[File:Louise Glück circa 1977.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that in 2020, '''[[Louise Glück]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Americans|American]] woman to win the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] since 1993 and the first American poet to win since 1948? ===Boston=== * ... that from 1659 to 1681, it was [[banned]] in '''[[Boston]]''' to celebrate [[Christmas]] because the [[Pilgrims]] saw it as a "[[corruption|corrupt]] holiday"? ===Audrey Hepburn=== [[File:Audrey Hepburn 1956om (cropped).jpg|100px|right]] *...that '''[[Audrey Hepburn]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first person to be an [[List of EGOT winners|EGOT winner]] [[posthumously]]? ===Beagle=== * ... that a 2019 research found that '''[[Beagle|beagles]]''' could detect [[lung cancer]] with 97% accuracy? ===Lilo & Stitch=== * ... that the 2002 movie '''''[[Lilo & Stitch]]''''' was the first time that [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]] hand-drew its characters and used of [[watercolour|watercolors]] for its background since the 1940s? ===Susan Brownmiller=== * ... that the works of [[Americans|American]] [[feminist]] author '''[[Susan Brownmiller]]''' is said to have helped create laws that made it easier to criminally charge [[rape|rapists]]? ===Mike Schaefer=== * ... that when he was elected to the [[California State Board of Equalization|State Board of Equalization]] in 2018 at the age of 80, '''[[Mike Schaefer]]''' became the oldest [[California|Californian]] to serve in a state constitutional office? === Pig === [[File:Sus scrofa scrofa.jpg|right|100px]] *...that '''[[pig]]s''' ''(pictured)'' can be taught to play [[video game]]s? ===Catholic Church=== * ... that the '''[[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic Church]]''' has the oldest continuously used legal system in the world? ===Chuck Grassley=== [[File:Chuck Grassley official photo 2017.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that with over 40 years in the [[U.S. Senate]], '''[[Chuck Grassley]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the longest serving [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] senator in [[History of the United States|U.S. history]]? ===Lee Zeldin=== * ... that in 2022, while running for [[Governor of New York|New York Governor]], then-[[U.S. Representative]] '''[[Lee Zeldin]]''' was attacked by a [[drunk]] man who later said he did not know who Zeldin was? ===Sara Duterte=== [[File:2024-04-10 – PBBM to highlight economic cooperation, defense and maritime cooperation in historic trilateral meeting with US, Japan (03) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Sara Duterte]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Vice President of the Philippines]] to be [[impeachment|impeached]]? ===Cori Bush=== * ... that in 2021, [[nurse|registered nurse]] '''[[Cori Bush]]''' became the first [[African American]] woman to represent [[Missouri]] in the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Sussan Ley=== [[File:SL - 2012 Profile.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Sussan Ley]]''' ''(pictured)'' became [[Australia|Australia's]] first female [[Leader of the Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal Party Leader]] and [[Leader of the Opposition (Australia)|Opposition Leader]]? ===Pope Leo XIV=== * ... that '''[[Pope Leo XIV]]''' picked his papal name because of [[Pope Leo XIII]] and the "cultural shifts" the [[Roman Catholic church]] might see through [[artificial intelligence]] and [[robotics]]? ===Wesley Bell=== [[File:Rep. Wesley Bell Official Portrait.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2019, future-[[Missouri]] [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Wesley Bell]]''' ''(pictured)'' became [[St. Louis County, Missouri|St. Louis County's]] first [[African Americans|Black]] [[attorney|prosecuting attorney]]? ===Peter Dutton=== * ... that in [[2025 Australian federal election|2025]], '''[[Peter Dutton]]''' became the first [[List of Australian Leaders of the Opposition|Australian opposition leader]] to lose their [[Australian House of Representatives|parliamentary seat]] at an election? ===JB Pritzker=== [[File:JB Pritzker 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... when he was [[2022 Illinois gubernatorial election|re-elected in 2022]], [[Governor of Illinois|Illinois Governor]] '''[[JB Pritzker]]''' ''(pictured)'' had the highest vote share for any [[United States|U.S.]] [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] governor in more than 60 years? ===Toni Breidinger=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Toni Breidinger]]''' became the first [[NASCAR]] driver to model for [[Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue|''Sports Illustrated''<nowiki/>'s Swimsuit Issue]]? ===Rashida Tlaib=== [[File:Tlaib Rashida 119th Congress.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2018, '''[[Rashida Tlaib]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Muslim]] woman and the first [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]]-[[Americans|American]] woman elected to the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Anthony Albanese=== * ... that in [[2025 Australian federal election|2025]], '''[[Anthony Albanese]]''' became the first [[Prime Minister of Australia|Australian prime minister]] to win re-election since [[John Howard]] in [[2004 Australian federal election|2004]]? ===Friedrich Merz=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Friedrich Merz]]''' became the first post-war [[Chancellor of Germany|German chancellor]] not to receive the needed [[German Bundestag|confirmation votes]] in the first round of voting? ===Nicușor Dan=== [[File:Nicușor Dan 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2020, two-time [[International Mathematical Olympiad]] champion '''[[Nicușor Dan]]''' ''(pictured)'' was elected as [[Bucharest|Bucharest's]] first [[Independent politician|independent]] mayor? ===1755 Cape Ann earthquake=== * ... that the '''[[1755 Cape Ann earthquake]]''' in [[Massachusetts]] could be felt as far north as [[Nova Scotia]] in [[Canada]] and as far south as [[South Carolina]]? ===Richard Pryor=== [[File:Richard Pryor 1973 (cropped).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that in 1980, comedian '''[[Richard Pryor]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first black actor to earn a million dollars for a single movie when he starred in ''[[Stir Crazy (movie)|Stir Crazy]]''? ===Mike Waltz=== * ... that '''[[Mike Waltz]]''' was the first [[Americans|American]] [[United States Congress|congress member]] to call for a full [[United States|U.S.]] [[boycott]] of the [[2022 Winter Olympics]] in [[Beijing]] for the [[China|country's]] [[persecution of Uyghurs in China|persecution of Uyghurs]]? ===Dick Durbin=== [[File:Dick Durbin 2022 official portrait (cropped) 2.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Illinois]] [[U.S. Senator]] '''[[Dick Durbin]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the longest-serving [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate party whip]] in [[History of the United States|U.S. history]]? ===Ali France=== * ... that [[2025 Australian federal election|in 2025]], '''[[Ali France]]''' became the first person in [[History of Australia|Australian history]] to defeat an [[Leader of the Opposition (Australia)|opposition leader]] in a [[Australian House of Representatives|parliamentary election]]? === Hydrogen === [[File:Shuttle Main Engine Test Firing cropped edited and reduced.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[hydrogen]]''' fires ''(pictured)'', while being extremely hot, are almost invisible to [[human]]s, leading to accidental burns? === Water === * ... that 12 billion [[light year]]s away around a [[quasar]] there is a giant cloud of '''[[water]]''' with 140 trillion times more water than all the water on [[Earth]]? ===Michael Bloomberg=== [[File:Michael Bloomberg 2022 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2020, former [[Mayor of New York City|New York City Mayor]] '''[[Michael Bloomberg]]''' ''(pictured)'' spent the most money spent on a presidential primary campaign in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===Tammy Duckworth=== [[File:Tammy Duckworth, official portrait, 115th Congress (cropped)2.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2004, future [[Illinois]] [[U.S. Senator]] '''[[Tammy Duckworth]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Americans|American]] female [[Amputation|double amputee]] from the [[Iraq War]]? === False memory === *...that [[experiment]]s have shown that people can be made to '''[[False memory|remember events that did not take place]]'''? ===Robert F. Kennedy Jr.=== * ... that in 2013, future [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services|U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services]] '''[[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]]''' helped the [[Chipewyan|Chipewyan First Nation]] to protect their land from [[tar sands]] production? ===Catholic Church sexual abuse cases=== * ... that a study found that 81% of the victims of the '''[[Catholic Church sexual abuse cases]]''' between 1950 and the early 2000s were male? === False memory === *...that [[experiment]]s have shown that people can be made to '''[[False memory|remember events that did not take place]]'''? ===Juliana Stratton=== [[File:National Lieutenant Governor's Association (52766342026) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2020, [[Lieutenant Governor of Illinois|Illinois Lieutenant Governor]] '''[[Juliana Stratton]]''' ''(pictured)'' was one of the first customers to buy [[recreation|recreational]] [[cannabis (drug)|cannabis]] in the [[Illinois|state]]? ===Tony Evers=== * ... that in 2023, [[Governor of Wisconsin|Wisconsin Governor]] '''[[Tony Evers]]''' made a [[veto|line-item veto]] to the [[Wisconsin|state]] budget that increased school funding of $325 until the year 2425? ===Sean Baker=== [[File:Sean Baker at the 2024 New York Film Festival (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, filmmaker '''[[Sean Baker]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first person to win four [[Academy Awards]] for the [[Anora (movie)|same movie]]? ===Philippe of Belgium=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Philippe of Belgium]]''' publicly criticized [[Pope Francis]] during a welcome address of him over the [[Catholic Church sexual abuse cases|sexual abuses]] done by the [[Roman Catholic Church]] in [[Belgium]]? ===Conclave (movie)=== * ... that viewership for the 2024 movie '''''[[Conclave (movie)|Conclave]]''''' went up 283% on [[streaming media|streaming platforms]] following [[Death and funeral of Pope Francis|the death]] of [[Pope Francis]] in April 2025? ===Karoline Leavitt=== [[File:Karoline Leavitt by Gage Skidmore 2 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at the age of 27, '''[[Karoline Leavitt]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the youngest [[White House Press Secretary]] in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===John Ratcliffe=== * ... that in 2019, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found out that then-[[Director of National Intelligence|National Intelligence Director]] nominee '''[[John Ratcliffe]]''' lied about arresting "300 [[Illegal immigration|illegal immigrants]] in a single day"? ===Salem Witch Trials=== *...that some of the '''[[Salem Witch Trials]]''' only lasted 15 minutes, and resulted in people being found guilty and [[death penalty|executed]]? ===Susie Wiles=== [[File:Susie Wiles 2025 (edited crop).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Susie Wiles]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first ever female [[White House Chief of Staff]] in [[American history]]? ===Paper Mario: Color Splash=== * ... that [[Nintendo of America]] accidentally made '''''[[Paper Mario: Color Splash]]''''' available to play two weeks early? ===Austria=== * ... that the first [[postcard]]s were issued in '''[[Austria]]''' in 1869? ===Cory Booker=== [[File:Cory Booker, official portrait (119th Congress).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, at 25 hours and five minutes long, '''[[Cory Booker]]''' ''(pictured)'' made the longest speech in the history of the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]]? ===Super Mario Bros. theme=== * ... that in 2023, the '''[[Super Mario Bros. theme|''Super Mario Bros.'' theme]]''' became the first [[video game music]] track to be preserved by the U.S. [[Library of Congress]]? ===Doug Collins (politician)=== [[File:Official portrait of Douglas Collins, U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs.jpeg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs|U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs]] '''[[Doug Collins (politician)|Doug Collins]]''' ''(pictured)'' was a [[United States Navy|navy]] [[chaplain]] before entering politics? ===Air Force One (movie)=== * ... that in 2016, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' named [[Harrison Ford|Harrison Ford's]] character in the 1997 movie '''''[[Air Force One (movie)|Air Force One]]''''' the "greatest fictional [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] of all time"? ===Elise Stefanik=== [[File:Elise Stefanik, 115th official photo.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2014 at the age of 30, '''[[Elise Stefanik]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the youngest woman and youngest [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] ever elected to the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Malta=== * ... that at 316 [[Square kilometre|sq km]], '''[[Malta]]''' is the smallest country in the [[European Union]]? ===Patty Murray=== [[File:Patty Murray, official portrait, 113th Congress.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2023, [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] '''[[Patty Murray]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first female [[President pro tempore of the United States Senate]]? ===Mike Johnson=== * ... that [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker]] '''[[Mike Johnson]]''' has less experience in the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] than any other speaker since 1883? ===Fernanda Torres=== [[File:ImStillHereBFILFF131024 (4 of 36) (54065967346) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Fernanda Torres]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Brazilian people|Brazilian]], [[Latin America|Latin American]], and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese-speaking]] actor to win the [[Golden Globe Award|Golden Globe for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama]]? ===Greece=== * ... that almost 80% of '''[[Greece]]''' is made up by [[mountain|mountainous terrain]]? ===Linda McMahon=== [[File:Linda McMahon 2025 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Linda McMahon]]''' ''(pictured)'' changed [[WWE|WWE's]] [[TV Parental Guidelines|television rating]] from TV-14 to PG to attract a young generation of [[wrestling]] fans? ===Lori Chavez-DeRemer=== * ... that '''[[Lori Chavez-DeRemer]]''' lost to [[Janelle Bynum]] three times when she ran for the [[Oregon House of Representatives|Oregon State House]] and the [[U.S. House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representative]] in different elections? ===Mia Love=== [[File:Mia Love Congressional Photo.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2015, '''[[Mia Love]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[African American|Black]] [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] woman elected to the [[United States Congress]]? ===Liechtenstein=== * ... that in 1969, [[NASA]] gave '''[[Liechtenstein]]''' [[moon|moon rocks]] and a [[Flag of Liechtenstein|national flag]] that had been on the moon to thank them for their support from a local company during the [[Apollo 11]] mission? ===9 Songs=== * ... that the 2004 British romantic drama movie '''''[[9 Songs]]''''' included scenes of its two main actors actually having [[sexual intercourse]] and performing [[oral sex]] as well as a scene of [[ejaculation]]? ===Mark Carney=== [[File:Prime Minister Boris Johnson meets with Mark Carney No.10 Downing Street (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Mark Carney]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first person to become [[Prime Minister of Canada]] without holding elected public office before? ===SpongeBob SquarePants=== * ... that in 2025, '''''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]''''' became the longest-running [[United States|American]] [[children's animation|children's animated]] series? ===Muhsin Hendricks=== * ... that '''[[Muhsin Hendricks]]''' was called the world's first [[openly gay]] [[imam]]? ===Brooke Rollins=== [[File:Brooke Rollins 2025 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States Secretary of Agriculture|U.S. Secretary of Agriculture]] '''[[Brooke Rollins]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first female student body president at her ''[[alma mater]]'' [[Texas A&M University]]? ===Hurricane (dog)=== * ... that '''[[Hurricane (dog)|Hurricane]]''', a [[United States Secret Service|U.S. Secret Service]]-trained [[dog]] who protected President [[Barack Obama]] in 2014, was thought to be the most [[decoration|decorated]] dog in [[American history]]? ===Kash Patel=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Kash Patel]]''' became the youngest person and the first [[Asian Americans|Asian-American]] to become [[Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation]]? ===Emperor Penguins=== [[File:Aptenodytes forsteri MHNT.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Emperor penguin|emperor penguins]] ''' ''(egg pictured)'' are the only [[bird|birds]] in the world that can lay their [[egg|eggs]] on [[ice]]? ===Stockholm=== * ... that '''[[Stockholm]]''' is built on fourteen islands and is connected by fifty-seven bridges? ===Scott Turner (politician)=== * ... that [[United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development|U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development]] '''[[Scott Turner (politician)|Scott Turner]]''' once played for the [[National Football League|NFL]] and was a [[United States Congress|congressional]] [[intern]] afterwards? ===Mikey Madison=== [[File:Mikey Madison at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Mikey Madison]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Gen Z]] actress to win an [[Academy Award]]? ===R. Budd Dwyer=== * ... that in 1987, [[Pennsylvania]] [[lawmaker]] '''[[R. Budd Dwyer]]''' publicly [[suicide|committed suicide]] during a live press conference, which was [[broadcasting|broadcasted]] throughout the state? ===Sean Duffy=== * ... that before entering politics, [[United States Secretary of Transportation|U.S. Secretary of Transportation]] '''[[Sean Duffy]]''' was a cast member of the [[MTV]] [[reality television]] series ''[[The Real World|The Real World: Boston]]''? === Miss Meyers === * ... that racehorse '''[[Miss Meyers]]''' only started racing well after she turned four years old, then won what would be $156,000 today in the same year? ===Drug cartel=== * ... that a 2025 report by the [[United States Department of Justice|U.S. Department of Justice]] found that 74% of [[firearms]] used by the '''[[Drug cartel|Mexican drug cartels]]''' came from the [[United States]]? ===Frankétienne=== [[File:Jean Laposte 2 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1975, '''[[Frankétienne]]''' ''(pictured)'' wrote the first novel entirely written in [[Haitian Creole]]? ===Doughtnuts=== *...that [[Canada]] has the most '''[[doughnut]]''' shops per person? ===European Union=== * ... that the '''[[European Union]]''' is the world's largest single-market and would be the third largest country in the world if it were independent? ===Howard Lutnick=== [[File:Howard Lutnick (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States Secretary of Commerce|U.S. Secretary of Commerce]] '''[[Howard Lutnick]]''' ''(pictured)'' survived the [[Collapse of the World Trade Center|collapse]] of the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] during the [[September 11 attacks]]? ===Thutmose II=== * ... that in 2022, the discovery of the [[tomb]] of '''[[Thutmose II]]''' became the first royal tomb to be discovered since [[King Tutankhamun|King Tutankhamun's]] in 1922? ===Souleymane Cissé=== * ... that '''[[Souleymane Cissé]]''' is the first director from [[sub-Saharan Africa]] to receive an award at the [[Cannes Film Festival]]? ===Alice Weidel=== [[File:2019-09-01 Wahlabend Sachsen by Sandro Halank–039.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Alice Weidel]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[lesbian]] to serve as a leader candidate for the [[Alternative for Germany|Alternative for Germany Party]]? ===Pete Hegseth=== * ... that [[United States Secretary of Defense|U.S. Secretary of Defense]] '''[[Pete Hegseth]]''' volunteered to be a [[National Guard (United States)|National Guard]] for [[Joe Biden|Joe Biden's]] [[Inauguration of Joe Biden|inauguration in 2021]], but was removed for posting [[Extremism|extremist views]] online? ===Klaus Iohannis=== [[File:Клаус Йоханнис (52539721210).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Klaus Iohannis]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[President of Romania]] belonging to an [[Ethnic group|ethnic minority]]? ===Athens=== * ... that '''[[Athens]]''' is [[Europe|Europe's]] oldest continuously active [[capital city]]? ===Saturday Night Live=== * ... that as of 2022, '''''[[Saturday Night Live]]''''' had received more than 305 [[Primetime Emmy Award]] nominations, the most received by any television program? ===Friedrich Merz=== [[File:2025-02-17 ARD-Wahlarena zur Bundestagswahl 2025 by Sandro Halank–050.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Chancellor of Germany|German Chancellor]] '''[[Friedrich Merz]]''' ''(pictured)'' is a licensed pilot and owns two airplanes? ===Luxembourg=== * ... that in 2020, '''[[Luxembourg]]''' became the first country in the world to make all [[public transport]] free to use? ===Ed Broadbent=== [[File:Ed Broadbent in 2019 (3x4 crop).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that the [[state funeral]] of '''[[Ed Broadbent]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first for a [[Canada|Canadian]] [[political party|party leader]] who was never [[Prime Minister of Canada|prime minister]] or [[Leader of the Opposition (Canada)|opposition leader]]? ===Gisèle Pelicot=== * ... that in 2020, '''[[Gisèle Pelicot]]''' discovered that she was being [[Rapes of Gisèle Pelicot|drugged and raped by her husband and 83 other men]] for nine years? ===Roberta Metsola=== [[File:Roberta Metsola 2022.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that in 2022, '''[[Roberta Metsola]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first woman and youngest person to be elected [[President of the European Parliament]]? ===Texas=== * ... that before becoming a [[States of the U.S.|U.S. state]] in 1845, '''[[Texas]]''' was its [[Republic of Texas|own country]] for almost ten years? ===Manneken Pis=== *...that the statue '''[[Manneken Pis]]''' in [[Brussels]], which shows a boy [[urination|urinating]] into a fountain, also inspired other similar figures in Brussels? ===Caroline Chew=== [[File:Carolinechew.jpg|right|100px]] *...that '''[[Caroline Chew]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Singapore]]an [[equestrian]] to be in the [[Olympic Games]]? ===Peru=== * ... that '''[[Peru]]''' is where [[potatoes]] were first [[gardening|cultivated]] by [[Inca Empire|the Incas]]? ===Dora Bakoyannis=== [[File:Dora Bakoyannis-headshot.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Dora Bakoyannis]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first female mayor of [[Athens]] and the first female mayor of a city to have hosted the [[Olympic Games]]? ===New York (state)=== * ... that the [[States of the U.S.|U.S. state]] of '''[[New York (state)|New York]]''' has over 70,000 miles of [[river]]s and [[stream]]s? ===Donn Moomaw=== [[File:Donn Moomaw 1951 (full).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Donn Moomaw]]''' ''(pictured)'' refused to play with the [[Los Angeles Rams]] since they played on Sundays and later became a [[Presbyterian]] [[Minister (Christianity)|minister]]? ===Bart De Wever=== * ... that '''[[Bart De Wever]]''' is the first [[Flemish Movement|Flemish nationalist]] to become [[Prime Minister of Belgium]]? ===Joe Lieberman=== [[File:Joe Lieberman official Senate portrait Retouched.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that in [[2000 United States presidential election|2000]], [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] '''[[Joe Lieberman]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first practicing [[Jewish|Jew]] to run for [[Vice President of the United States|vice president]]? ===Aga Khan IV=== * ... that in 2014, '''[[Aga Khan IV]]''' became the first faith leader to address a joint session of the [[Parliament of Canada]]? ===Fernanda Montenegro=== [[File:Fernanda Montenegro em 2015 cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Fernanda Montenegro]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Brazilian people|Brazilian]] to be nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Actress]]? ===Ralph Lauren=== [[File:Ralph Lauren 3x4.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Ralph Lauren]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[fashion designer]] to be honored with the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]]? ===Nicaragua=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Nicaragua]]''' became a [[diarchy]] with [[Daniel Ortega]] and his wife [[Rosario Murillo]] becoming [[President of Nicaragua|co-presidents]]? ===Pam Bondi=== [[File:Pam Bondi 2018.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States Attorney General]] '''[[Pam Bondi]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first woman to be elected [[Florida Attorney General|Florida state attorney general]]? ===Kelly Loeffler=== * ... that former [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] '''[[Kelly Loeffler]]''' once owned the [[Atlanta Dream]] [[basketball|basketball team]], but sold it in 2021 because of her opinions of the [[Black Lives Matter|Black Lives Matter movement]]? ===Chappell Roan=== [[File:Chappell Roan @ Hollywood Palladium 11 18 2022 (53886800138).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that singer-songwriter '''[[Chappell Roan]]''' ''(pictured)'' got her [[stage name]] from her grandfather Dennis Chappell and his favorite song, "The Strawberry Roan"? ===Dick Button=== * ... that [[Emmy Award]]-winning sports commentator '''[[Dick Button]]''' is the only [[Americans|American]] man to win the [[European Figure Skating Championships]]? ===Usha Vance=== [[File:Usha Vance, official portrait (2025) (cropped reasonable).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, lawyer '''[[Usha Vance]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Indian Americans|Indian-American]] and first [[Millennials|Millennial]] [[Second ladies and gentlemen of the United States|U.S. Second Lady]] in [[American history]]? ===Chris Wright=== * ... that in 2019, future [[United States Secretary of Energy|U.S. Energy Secretary]] '''[[Chris Wright]]''' drank [[fracking|fracking fluid]] to prove it was not dangerous? ===Algeria=== * ... that '''[[Algeria]]''' is the largest country in [[Africa]]? ===Marco Rubio=== [[File:Official portrait of Secretary Marco Rubio, January 2025.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, [[United States Secretary of State|U.S. Secretary of State]] '''[[Marco Rubio]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the highest-ranking [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic American]] official in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===Ahmed al-Sharaa=== * ... that the [[United States]] had a $10 million [[bounty (reward)|bounty]] against '''[[Ahmed al-Sharaa]]''', however removed it when he became the [[Syrian transitional government|Syrian transitional]] [[President of Syria|leader]] in [[Fall of Damascus|2024]]? ===Richard Williamson (bishop)=== [[File:Bishop Richard Williamson.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Auxiliary bishop]] '''[[Richard Williamson (bishop)|Richard Williamson]]''' ''(pictured)'' had his [[excommunicated|excommunication]] lifted in 2009 by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] only to be excommunicated again in 2013 for his [[Holocaust denial]] views? ===Charli D'Amelio=== [[File:Charli D'Amelio at KCAs 2023 01.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2020, '''[[Charli D'Amelio]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[TikTok]] celebrity to have a both 50 million followers and 100 million followers? ===January 20–22, 2025 Gulf Coast blizzard=== * ... that the '''[[January 20–22, 2025 Gulf Coast blizzard]]''' was the first recorded [[blizzard]] on the [[Gulf Coast]] ever? ===Scott Bessent=== [[File:Scott Bessent, official portrait (2025) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, [[United States Secretary of the Treasury|U.S. Treasury Secretary]] '''[[Scott Bessent]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the highest-ranking openly [[LGBT|LGBT person]] in [[American history]]? ===Lynn Ban=== * ... that jewelry designer '''[[Lynn Ban]]''' agreed to appear on the [[Netflix]] reality show ''[[Bling Empire: New York]]'' to go against the "[[stereotype]]s of ''[[Crazy Rich Asians (movie)|Crazy Rich Asians]]''"? ===Valerie André=== * ... that in 1976, [[French resistance|resistance]] official '''[[Valerie André]]''' became the first female member of the [[French Army|French military]] to become [[General Officer]]? ===Lluvia de Peces=== * ... that in the small town of [[Honduras|Yoro, Honduras]], residents experience "'''[[Lluvia de Peces]]'''" or "Rain of Fish" annually? ===Belly dance=== *...that in 2006, [[Hamas]] outlawed '''[[Belly dance|bellydancing]]''' because they saw it as [[islam|unislamic]]? ===Second inauguration of Donald Trump=== * ... that the '''[[Second inauguration of Donald Trump|second inauguration of Donald Trump]]''' is the first to be held indoors in the [[United States Capitol]] since [[Ronald Reagan|Ronald Reagan's]] [[Second inauguration of Ronald Reagan|second inauguration in 1985]]? ===Cormac McCarthy=== [[File:Cormac McCarthy (The Orchard Keeper author portrait).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that '''[[Cormac McCarthy]]''' ''(pictured)'', whose novel was [[No Country for Old Men (movie)|made into an Academy Award-winning movie]], was called the "best unknown novelist in [[United States|America]]" and rarely had an [[agent]]? ===Wendell Berry=== * ... that in 2015, '''[[Wendell Berry]]''' became the first living writer to be added to the [[Kentucky Writers Hall of Fame]]? ===January 2025 Southern California wildfires=== * ... that the '''[[January 2025 Southern California wildfires]]''' had multiple [[wildfires]], two of which are the second and fourth most destructive fires in [[California|California's history]]? ===William Shatner=== [[File:William Shatner Biohacker Expo 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2021 at the age of 90, ''[[Star Trek]]'' actor '''[[William Shatner]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the oldest person to fly in [[Outer space|space]]? ===António Guterres=== * ... that in 2017, former [[Prime Minister of Portugal|Portuguese Prime Minister]] '''[[António Guterres]]''' became the first national leader to become [[United Nations Secretary-General]]? ===Mark Rutte=== [[File:Mark Rutte, 23.03.23 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2010, '''[[Mark Rutte]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Liberalism|liberal]] [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands|Dutch prime minister]] since 1918? ===Benjamin Netanyahu=== * ... that in 2019, '''[[Benjamin Netanyahu]]''' became the first sitting [[Prime Minister of Israel|prime minister]] in [[Israel|Israel's]] history to be criminally charged? ===Minnesota=== * ... that the [[United States|U.S. state]] of '''[[Minnesota]]''' got its name from the [[Sioux|Sioux language]], meaning "sky-tinted water" or "cloudy water"? ===Jane Fonda=== [[File:Jane Fonda 1963.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1964, '''[[Jane Fonda]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Americans|American]] actress to have a [[nude|nude scene]] in a foreign movie? ===Valdas Adamkus=== * ... that before becoming [[President of Lithuania]], '''[[Valdas Adamkus]]''' worked for the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]] as a deputy administrator in the 1970s? ===Olivia Rodrigo=== [[File:OlivaRO2150524 (38) (53727178601) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] *...that '''[[Olivia Rodrigo]]''' ''(pictured)'' was inspired by [[Taylor Swift]] to start singing? ===iPhone 14 Pro=== * ... that in 2022, the '''[[iPhone 14 Pro]]''' became the first [[iPhone]] to have an always-on display? ===Karla Sofía Gascón=== [[File:Karla Sofia Gascon at TIFF 2024 the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Karla Sofía Gascón]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[transgender woman]] nominated for a [[Golden Globe Award]] and an [[Academy Award]]? ===Jean-Marie Le Pen=== * ... that in 2015, '''[[Jean-Marie Le Pen]]''' was banned from his own [[National Rally|political party]] by [[Marine Le Pen|his daughter]] after saying good things about the [[gas chamber]]s used in [[The Holocaust]]? ===Wolfgang Schäuble=== * ... that '''[[Wolfgang Schäuble|Wolfgang Schäuble's]]''' 2014 [[budget]] as [[Germany|Germany's]] [[Federal Ministry of Finance (Germany)|Finance Minister]] allowed the country to take on no new [[debt]] for the first time since 1969? ===PewDiePie=== [[File:Pewdiepie head shot.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2016, '''[[PewDiePie]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Youtube]]r to have 50 million subscribers? ===iPhone 8=== * ... that in 2017, the '''[[iPhone 8]]''' became the first [[iPhone]] to have a wireless charger? ===MrBeast=== [[File:CrunchLabs - MrBeast Opened the WRONG BOX!!! (MRus4BCPRyY - 0m28s) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2024, '''[[MrBeast]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the most subscribed [[Youtube]] channel after passing [[T-Series]]? ===iPhone 12 Pro=== * ... that in 2020, the '''[[iPhone 12 Pro]]''' became the first [[iPhone]] to have [[5G]]? ===Pope Clement X=== [[File:Portrait of Pope Clement X, by Giovanni Battista Gaulli (Baciccio) - Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at the age of 79, '''[[Pope Clement X]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the oldest person to be elected [[List of popes|pope]]? ===Ebenezer Scrooge=== * ... that '''[[Ebenezer Scrooge]]''', the main character of ''[[A Christmas Carol]]'', was said to have been inspired by a [[Dutch people|Dutch]] [[grave|gravedigger]]? ===Morris Dees=== [[File:Morris Dees Boston 2015 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that civil rights activist and co-founder of the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]] '''[[Morris Dees]]''' ''(pictured)'' was inspired by [[Atticus Finch]] to become a lawyer? ===Pope Benedict IX=== * ... that '''[[Pope Benedict IX]]''' was likely 12 years old when he became [[List of popes|pope]] and was pope three separate times? ===iPhone 15=== [[File:Apple iPhone 15 Pink (November 1, 2024).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2023, the '''[[IPhone 15|iPhone 15]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[iPhone]] to have a [[USB-C|USB Type C]]? ===Nude calendar=== *... that in 1999, a group of middle-aged Englishwomen posing [[nude]] to raise money for [[leukemia]] research were the first to do a '''[[Nude calendar|nude calendar for charity]]'''? ===Kristrún Frostadóttir=== [[File:Kristrún Frostadóttir 2021.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[2024 Icelandic parliamentary election|2024]] at the age of 36, '''[[Kristrún Frostadóttir]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the youngest [[Prime Minister of Iceland|prime minister]] in [[Iceland|Icelandic history]]? ===Superman (2025 movie)=== * ... that within 24 hours of its release, the [[trailer (movie)|trailer]] for the 2025 [[DC Universe (franchise)|DCU movie]] '''''[[Superman (2025 movie)|Superman]]''''' became the most viewed [[Warner Bros.]] trailer of all time with over 250 million views? ===Manmohan Singh=== [[File:Manmohan Singh 2007.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2004, '''[[Manmohan Singh]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Sikh]] to be elected [[Prime Minister of India]]? ===Chris Hoy=== * ... that six-time Olympic champion cyclist '''[[Chris Hoy]]''' was inspired to cycle at age six because of the 1982 movie ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]''? ===Valkyrae=== [[File:Valkyrae for 100 Thieves (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Valkyrae]]''' ''(pictured)'' has been [[YouTube]]'s most-watched female [[live stream|streamer]] since 2020? ===António Costa=== * ... that '''[[António Costa|António Costa's]]''' time as [[Prime Minister of Portugal]] is the longest of any national leader of the [[Iberian Peninsula]] in the [[21st century]]? ===Dragonfruit=== [[File:Fruits mûrs.JPG|100px|right]] *..that '''[[Dragonfruit|dragonfruits]]''' ''(pictured)'' are the [[fruit]] of a [[cactus]]? ===Pierre Poilievre=== * ... that after being elected to the [[Parliament of Canada]] in [[2004 Canadian federal election|2004]] at the age of 25, future [[Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)|Opposition Leader]] '''[[Pierre Poilievre]]''' was the youngest [[Member of Parliament|MP]] at the time? ===Gracie Abrams=== [[File:Gracie Abrams @ El Rey Theatre 03 05 2022 (52297975314) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that after her song "[[That's So True]]" was number six on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]], '''[[Gracie Abrams]]''' ''(pictured)'' said she wrote the song while [[intoxicated|drunk]]? ===Warren G. Harding=== * ... that in 1922, '''[[Warren G. Harding]]''' became the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to have his voice [[Transmitter|transmitted]] by radio? ===Herbert Hoover=== [[File:President Hoover portrait.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1927 while he was [[United States Secretary of Commerce|Secretary of Commerce]], '''[[Herbert Hoover]]''' ''(pictured)'' appeared on the first public [[demonstration]] of a [[broadcast|television broadcast]] in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===Calvin Coolidge=== * ... that '''[[Calvin Coolidge]]''' was the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to lead a public celebration of the [[Christmas]] holidays? ===Pink elephant=== *..that '''[[Pink elephant|pink elephants]]''' exist because of [[Albinism|albinism]]? ===Franklin Pierce=== [[File:Portrait of Franklin Pierce (by George Peter Alexander Healy, 1853).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that '''[[Franklin Pierce]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to take the [[oath of office]] on a law book instead of the bible? ===William McKinley=== * ... that '''[[William McKinley|William McKinley's]]''' [[inauguration]] was the first to be filmed, making him the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to ever be filmed? ===Michel Barnier=== [[File:Michel Barnier 2020.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2024 at the age of 73, '''[[Michel Barnier]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the oldest [[Prime Minister of France|prime minister]] in the [[French Fifth Republic]]? ===Harry S. Truman=== * ... that in 1945, '''[[Harry S. Truman]]''' became the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] in office to use [[Air Force One|air travel]] within the [[United States|country]]? ===Occupation of the Hainburger Au=== * ... that in 1984, 40,000 people took part in the '''[[Occupation of the Hainburger Au]]''' in [[Vienna]] to [[protest]] against the building of a [[power plant]]? ===Charles Dickens=== [[File:Dickens Gurney head.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Charles Dickens]]''' ''(pictured)'' made less money than expected with the sales of ''[[A Christmas Carol]]'', making £230 instead of his expected £1,000? ===Compulsory sterilization=== *...that to fight [[climate change]], the aid agency of the government of the United Kingdom still supports '''[[Compulsory sterilization|compulsory sterilization]]''' in [[India]]? ===William Henry Harrison=== [[File:William Henry Harrison daguerreotype edit.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that the [[inauguration|inaugural address]] of [[President of the United States|President]] '''[[William Henry Harrison]]''' ''(pictured)'', the first speech of his month-long presidency, is the longest in [[American history]], lasting almost two hours? ===Millard Fillmore=== * ... that in 1851, [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[Millard Fillmore]]''' personally fought a fire at the [[Library of Congress]] and then signed a [[Bill (proposed law)|bill]] to fund all the books destroyed in the fire? ===Zachary Taylor=== [[File:Zachary Taylor restored and cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Zachary Taylor]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the last [[President of the United States]] to own [[slaves]] while he was still in office? ===James Buchanan=== * ... that in 1858, [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[James Buchanan]]''' received the first [[telegram]] sent by the [[Transatlantic telegraph cable]]? ===Holly Cairns=== [[File:Holly Cairns, April 2023 (headshot).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[2020 Irish general election|2020]], future [[Social Democrats (Ireland)|Social Democrats Leader]] '''[[Holly Cairns]]''' ''(pictured)'' ran against her then-boyfriend [[Christopher O'Sullivan]] for a seat in the [[Teachta Dála]]? ===James Monroe=== * ... that '''[[James Monroe]]''' is the only [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] besides [[George Washington]] with a [[Liberia|country's]] [[Monrovia|capital]] named after him? ===Sunflower=== [[File:Helianthus whorl.jpg|right|100px]] *...that the tallest '''[[sunflower]]''' ''(pictured)'' was 9.17 [[metres]] high? ===James A. Garfield=== * ... that [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[James A. Garfield]]''' could write in [[Greek]] with his left [[hand]] and [[Latin]] with his right hand at the same time? ===Antipope Felix V=== [[File:Nuremberg chronicles f 242v 2 (Felix V).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that '''[[Antipope Felix V|Felix V]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the last [[antipope]] in the history of the [[Catholic Church]]? ===Paternalism=== *..that there was a time when [[Ford Motor Company]] checked that their [[employee]]s '''[[Paternalism|regularly went to chuch]]'''? ===Jair Bolsonaro=== [[File:Jair Bolsonaro 2021 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in November 2024, former [[President of Brazil|Brazilian President]] '''[[Jair Bolsonaro]]''' ''(pictured)'' was formally accused by the national police for having knowledge about an [[assassination|assassination plot]] against his [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva|successor]]? ===Chihuahua (dog)=== * ... that the name for '''[[Chihuahua (dog)|Chihuahuas]]''' comes from the [[Na'huatl]] word for "between two waters" and the name is older than the [[Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire|Spanish Conquest of Mexico]]? ===Nancy Reagan=== [[File:Nancy Reagan.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that after [[Ronald Reagan|her husband]] survived an [[Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan|assassination attempt]], [[First Lady of the United States|U.S. First Lady]] '''[[Nancy Reagan]]''' ''(pictured)'' hired an [[astrology|astrologer]] to review and create his schedule to make sure he would be safe? ===Pig=== * ... that '''[[Pig|pigs]]''' have the longest [[orgasm]] in [[mammals]], with an average of 30 minutes, but it can last for as long as 90 minutes? ===The Scream=== [[File:The Scream.jpg||right|100px]] *...that the famous picture, '''''[[The Scream]]''''' ''(pictured)'', is worth 55 million dollars? ===Gotham City=== * ... that '''[[Gotham City]]''', a fictional [[DC Comics]] city, is said to be in [[New Jersey]] and is inspired by [[New York City]], [[Chicago]] and [[London]]? ===Theodore Edgar McCarrick=== [[File:Theodore McCarrick 207-DP-8339A (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2018, '''[[Theodore Edgar McCarrick]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[cardinal (Catholic Church)|Cardinal]] to resign from the [[College of Cardinals]] because of [[sexual abuse]] accusations? ===Brigitte Macron=== * ... that at age 40, '''[[Brigitte Macron|Brigitte Auzière]]''' met her husband, [[Emmanuel Macron]], when he was her 15 year-old student and a classmate of her daughter? ===René Henry Gracida=== * ... that [[bishop]] '''[[René Henry Gracida]]''' [[boycott|boycotted]] [[PepsiCo]] because they used "[[Like a Prayer (song)|Like a Prayer]]" by [[Madonna]] in one of their commercials and thought it was [[Sacrilege|sacrilegious]]? ===Sarah Frey=== [[File:Sarah Frey-Talley (19494902783) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Sarah Frey]]''' ''(pictured)'', who has been called "the Pumpkin Queen of [[United States|America]]", started her [[farm]]ing company at the age of 16? ===Choking game=== *...that a '''[[choking game]]''' is different from [[erotic asphyxiation]], and that most children playing these games do this to get high without taking drugs? ===Harley Quinn=== [[File:Harley Quinn 2015 Calgary Expo – Calgary Comic & Entertainment Expo (17033582449).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[DC Comics]] villain '''[[Harley Quinn]]''' ''(pictured)'' was created for the 1992 series ''[[Batman: The Animated Series]]'' and was only meant to appear in one episode? ===Poison Ivy (character)=== * ... that [[DC Comics]] villain '''[[Poison Ivy (character)|Poison Ivy]]''' was created because there was a need for more female villains on the 1966 series ''[[Batman (TV series)|Batman]]''? ===Catwoman=== [[File:Catwoman cosplayer (33483657440) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Bob Kane|Bob Kane's]] inspirations behind [[DC Comics]] [[antihero]] '''[[Catwoman]]''' ''(pictured)'' included actresses [[Jean Harlow]], [[Hedy Lamarr]], and his own cousin? ===Carmine Falcone=== * ... that [[John Turturro]] refused to play [[DC Comics|comic]] [[mafia|mob boss]] '''[[Carmine Falcone]]''' in TV series ''[[The Penguin (TV series)|The Penguin]]'' because it showed [[violence against women]]? ===Yassamin Ansari=== * ... that [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Yassamin Ansari]]''' was the first [[Iranian Americans|Iranian American]] elected to public office in [[Arizona]] and the second elected to the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Jimmy Carter=== [[File:Words from the President (42757498962) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2024, at the age of 100, former [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[Jimmy Carter]]''' ''(pictured)'' was nominated for a [[Grammy Award]], making him the oldest nominee ever? ===Los Alamos National Laboratory=== * ... that the '''[[Los Alamos National Laboratory]]''', where the [[Manhattan Project]] happened, has almost 900 facilities, thirteen of which are [[Nuclear weapon|nuclear-related]], and costs about $39.1 billion to repair? ===Pear=== [[File:Peer 'Bonne Louise d'Avranches' (Pyrus communis).jpg|right|100px]] *...that there are 3,000 known kinds of '''[[pear]]s''' ''(pictured)'' that are grown worldwide? ===Kemi Badenoch=== [[File:Official portrait of Kemi Badenoch MP crop 2, 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[2024 Conservative Party leadership election|2024]], [[Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party Leader]] '''[[Kemi Badenoch]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Black British|black]] leader of any [[List of political parties in the United Kingdom|major political party]] in the [[United Kingdom]]? ===Popsicle=== *...that the '''[[popsicle]]''' was accidentally made by an eleven-year-old boy named Frank Epperson in 1905? ===Sarah McBride=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Sarah McBride]]''' was elected as the first openly [[transgender]] member of the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]], having already been the first transgender state senator in [[Delaware]]? ===Tulsi Gabbard=== [[File:Tulsi Gabbard, official portrait, 113th Congress (cropped 3).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Tulsi Gabbard]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Samoan Americans|Samoan American]] and the first [[Hindu]] member of the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Miranda Hart=== * ... that in 2017, '''[[Miranda Hart]]''' became the first solo female presenter for the [[Royal Variety Performance]] in 105 years? ===Richard Feynman=== * ... that [[Manhattan Project]] member and [[List of Nobel Prize winners in Physics|Nobel Prize]] winner '''[[Richard Feynman]]''' is said to have helped uncover the reasons behind the [[Space Shuttle Challenger disaster|Space Shuttle ''Challenger'' disaster]]? ===Aella (writer)=== [[File:210919 Aella A Data Driven Approach to Sex Work -hru 3 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Aella (writer)|Aella]]''' ''(pictured)'', one of the highest-earning creators on [[OnlyFans]], also does research about the "[[ecosystem]]" of online [[sex worker]]s? ===Witch child=== *...that even though the practice of '''[[Witch child|killing children suspected of witchcraft]]''' has been done in [[Africa]], children have also been ritually killed in the [[United Kingdom]] for this reason? ===Great Pacific Garbage Patch=== *...that the '''[[Great Pacific Garbage Patch]]''' is at least the size of [[Texas]] and is mostly made of [[ghost net|lost fishing nets]]? ===XXXTentacion=== [[File:XXXTENTACION mugshot 7 14 2016 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that three years after his death, five of '''[[XXXTentacion|XXXTentacion's]]''' ''(pictured)'' unreleased [[SoundCloud]] songs were released as [[Non-fungible token|NFTs]] for charity? ===Mayra Gómez Kemp=== * ... that Cuban-Spanish entertainer '''[[Mayra Gómez Kemp]]''' is believed to be the first woman to host a television quiz show? ===Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō]]''' became the [[Māori King movement|Māori Queen]] at the age of 27, younger than the [[Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani|youngest reigning monarch]] of a [[sovereign nation]]? ===D. B. Cooper=== [[File:DBCooper.jpg|100px|right]] *...that more than fifty years after he jumped from a plane he had [[Aircraft hijacking|hijacked]], '''[[D. B. Cooper|D. B Cooper's]]''' ''(pictured)'' identity is still unknown? === Annalisa === [[File:Annalisa al suo concerto al Forum di Milano.jpg|right|100px]] *...that in 2024, Italian singer '''[[Annalisa]]''' ''(pictured)'' got an [[asteroid]] named after her? ===Reagan (2024 movie)=== * ... that in 2024, [[Facebook]] stopped the biographical movie '''''[[Reagan (2024 movie)|Reagan]]''''' from releasing ads on its platform believing they were trying to impact the [[2024 United States presidential election|2024 U.S. presidential election]]? ===Herbert A. Simon=== * ... that [[economist]] '''[[Herbert A. Simon]]''' is the first person to win a [[Turing Award]] and a [[Nobel Prize]]? ===Han Kang=== [[File:Han Kang - 2017 (cropped).png|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Han Kang]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[South Korea]]n writer and first female writer from [[Asia]] to win the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]? ===Ralph Steinman=== * ... that the [[Nobel Prize|Nobel Committee]] decided that '''[[Ralph Steinman]]''', who died three days before being honored, could keep his [[List of Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine|award]] despite their rule against [[Posthumous award|posthumous recognitions]]? ===Xi Jinping=== [[File:Chinese President Xi May 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Xi Jinping]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party|Chinese leader]] born after the establishment of the [[People's Republic of China]] in 1949? ===Geoffrey Hinton=== * ... that [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel laureate]] '''[[Geoffrey Hinton]]''', who has been called the "godfather of [[Artificial intelligence|AI]]", stopped working for [[Google]] in 2023 to 'freely' talk about the risks of [[AI]]? ===Narendra Modi=== [[File:PM Modi Portrait(cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2014, '''[[Narendra Modi]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Prime Minister of India|Indian prime minister]] to be born after the [[India|country's]] [[Independence Day (India)|independence]] from the [[British Empire]]? ===Donald Sutherland=== * ... that '''[[Donald Sutherland]]''' agreed to play [[Coriolanus Snow]] in ''[[The Hunger Games (movie)|The Hunger Games]]'' because he wanted younger viewers to start a [[Revolution|revolutionary movement]] in the [[United States]]? ===Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands=== [[File:Willem-Alexander Claus George Ferdinand (Isaac Herzog visit to the Netherlands) Portrait.jpeg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2013, '''[[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|King Willem-Alexander]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[List of monarchs of the Netherlands|male monarch]] of [[the Netherlands]] since 1890? ===Dick Schoof=== * ... that in August 2024, [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands|Dutch Prime Minister]] '''[[Dick Schoof]]''' banned members of his [[cabinet]] from using cellphones during meetings to stop the threat of [[espionage]]? ===Amazing Grace=== * ... that the new [[verse]]s in '''"[[Amazing Grace]]"''' that [[Harriet Beecher Stowe]] wrote in ''[[Uncle Tom's Cabin]]'' were passed down in [[African-American]] communities and churches? ===Sabrina Carpenter=== [[File:Sabrina Carpenter - O2 Arena 2025 - 049 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Sabrina Carpenter]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first female artist to hold the number one and two positions on the [[UK Singles Chart|UK singles chart]] for three weeks in a row? ===Sir William Ramsay=== * ... that after discovering [[helium]], [[neon]], [[argon]], [[krypton]], and [[xenon]], '''[[William Ramsay|Sir William Ramsay]]''' helped make [[noble gas]]es a new group in the [[periodic table]]? ===Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki=== * ... that there were about 160 people who were present and survived both of the '''[[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki]]'''? ===Krypton=== *...that the [[chemical element|element]] '''[[Krypton]]''' was found in 1898, but it took over 60 years to find a [[chemical compound]] of Krypton? ===Bernard Hill=== [[File:Bernard Hill cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Bernard Hill]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the only actor to appear in two of the three movies with the most [[Academy Awards]] of all time? ===Teddy bear=== * ... that '''[[Teddy bear|teddy bears]]''' are named after [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[Theodore Roosevelt|Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt]] because he refused to kill a [[bear]] during a hunting event? ===John Hickenlooper=== * ... that before becoming [[Colorado|Colorado's]] [[Governor of Colorado|governor]] and [[United States Senate|senator]], '''[[John Hickenlooper]]''' opened the state's first [[brewpub]]? ===Al Capone=== [[File:Al Capone in 1930.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that a few years after he was released from [[prison]], '''[[Al Capone]]''' ''(pictured)'' had the mental capacity of a 12-year-old even though he was over 40 years old? ===Denver=== * ... that '''[[Denver]]''' is [[nickname]]d the "Mile High City" because its official [[elevation]] is exactly one mile [[above sea level]]? ===Manila=== * ... that '''[[Manila]]''' was established as a [[Muslim]] settlement in the 13th century and later as a Spanish [[colony|colonial]] city in 1571? ===Shigeru Ishiba=== [[File:Ishiba Shigeru 20241001 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1986, future [[Prime Minister of Japan|Japanese Prime Minister]] '''[[Shigeru Ishiba]]''' ''(pictured)'' was elected to the [[House of Representatives (Japan)|House of Representatives]] at age 29, becoming the youngest House member at the time? ===Moulin Rouge=== * ... that about 800 bottles of [[Champagne (wine)|champagne]] are consumed during a typical day at the '''[[Moulin Rouge]]''', likely making it the largest single consumer of champagne in the world? ===Kesaria Abramidze=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Kesaria Abramidze]]''', the first person in the country [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] to admit to being [[transgender]], was murdered a day after the country passed an anti-[[LGBTQ+]] [[Bill (proposed law)|bill]]? ===Ana Brnabić=== [[File:Ana Brnabić 2023.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2017, '''[[Ana Brnabić]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first woman and the first openly [[gay]] person elected as [[Prime Minister of Serbia|Serbian Prime Minister]]? ===Lee Grant=== * ... that '''[[Lee Grant]]''' is the only [[Academy Award]]-winning actor to also direct an Academy Award-winning [[documentary]]? ===Droupadi Murmu=== * ... that '''[[Droupadi Murmu]]''' is the first person born after [[India|India's]] [[Indian independence movement|independence]] in 1947 to have been [[2022 Indian presidential election|elected]] [[President of India|president]]? ===Anna Kendrick=== [[File:Anna Kendrick May 2016.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1998, '''[[Anna Kendrick]]''' ''(pictured)'' was nominated for the [[Tony Award|Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical]] at the age of 12? ===Sophie Wells=== * ... that, even though she won ten [[Paralympic Games|Paralympic]] medals in [[para-equestrian|equestrian]], '''[[Sophie Wells]]''' is [[allergy|allergic]] to horses? ===Anne Hathaway=== * ... that [[Academy Award]]-winning actress '''[[Anne Hathaway]]''' originally wanted to be a [[Catholic]] [[nun]]? ===Otis Davis=== [[File:Otis Davis (1960).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[1960 Summer Olympics|1960]], '''[[Otis Davis]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first man to break the 45-second barrier during a [[400 metres|400 m event]] at the [[Summer Olympics]]? ===Margot Robbie=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Margot Robbie]]''' was named by ''[[Forbes]]'' as the world's highest-paid actress in 2023, with earnings of $78 million? ===Nestor Makhno=== [[File:1921. Нестор Махно в лагере для перемещенных лиц в Румынии (cropped).jpg|100px|right]] *...that '''[[Nestor Makhno]]''' ''(pictured)'' fought against both the [[White Army]] and the [[Red Army]] during the [[Russian Civil War]]? ===Montgomery Bus Boycott=== *...that in 1955, [[Rosa Parks]] was [[arrest]]ed, because she did not give up a '''[[Montgomery bus boycott|seat in a public bus]]'''? ===Audrey Hepburn=== [[File:Audrey Hepburn Roman Holiday cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Audrey Hepburn]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first actress to win an [[Academy Award]], a [[Golden Globe Award]] and a [[BAFTA Award]] for the same role? ===Sir John Gielgud=== * ... that in 1991 at the age of 87, '''[[John Gielgud|Sir John Gielgud]]''' became the oldest [[List of EGOT winners|EGOT winner]] and the first [[LGBT]] person to become one? ===Rita Moreno=== [[File:Rita Moreno in 2000.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Rita Moreno]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Latin America]]n woman to win an [[Academy Award]]? ===The Crown (TV series)=== * ... that the [[Netflix]] [[Emmy Award]]-winning series '''''[[The Crown (TV series)|The Crown]]''''' is an adaptation of the [[West End theatre|West End]] stage play ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]''? === Clipperton Island === *... that '''[[Clipperton Island]]''' has a [[France|French]] [[postal code]], even though [[Desert island|no one lives there]]? ===Richard Rodgers=== [[File:Rodgers.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that American composer '''[[Richard Rodgers]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first person to win [[List of EGOT winners|an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar and a Tony Award]]? ===Parasite (2019 movie)=== * ... that the 2019 [[Korean language]] movie '''''[[Parasite (2019 movie)|Parasite]]''''' was the first non-English movie to win the [[Academy Award for Best Picture]]? === Galápagos Islands === [[File:Galapagos+map.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the '''[[Galápagos Islands]]''' ''(pictured)'' of [[Ecuador]] are famous for inspiring [[Charles Darwin]]'s theory of [[evolution]] by [[natural selection]]? ===Alex Jennings=== * ... that '''[[Alex Jennings]]''' is the only actor to have won the [[Laurence Olivier Award|Olivier Award]]s in the drama, musical and comedy categories? ===James Earl Jones=== [[File:James Earl Jones Baltimore.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1991, '''[[James Earl Jones]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first actor to win two [[Emmy Award]]s in the same year? ===Jeffrey Titford=== * ... that former [[UK Independence Party|UKIP Leader]] '''[[Jeffrey Titford]]''', who was called "the father of [[Brexit]]", was a [[funeral director]] before starting politics? ===Peter Dutton=== * ... that in 2022, [[Leader of the Opposition (Australia)|Australian Opposition Leader]] '''[[Peter Dutton]]''' became the first [[Liberal Party of Australia#Federal Parliamentary Leaders of the Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal Party Leader]] to come from [[Queensland]]? === Koala === [[File:Koala climbing tree.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the '''[[koala]]''' ''(pictured)'' sleeps up to 20 hours a [[day]] because its eucalyptus leaf [[diet]] provides little [[energy]]? ===Mahathir Mohamad=== * ... that in 2018, when '''[[Mahathir Mohamad]]''' became the [[Prime Minister of Malaysia|Malaysian Prime Minister]] again at the age of 92, he also became the world's oldest serving state leader? === Statue of Liberty === [[File:Statue of Liberty 7.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the '''[[Statue of Liberty]]''' ''(pictured)'' was a gift from [[France]] to the [[United States]] in 1886 to celebrate [[United States Declaration of Independence|100 years of independence]]? === Shark === [[File:Great white shark south africa.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that '''[[shark]]s''' ''(pictured)'' have been around for over 400 million years, long before [[dinosaur]]s appeared? ===Ny-Ålesund=== *...that the most northerly [[post office]] in the world is in '''[[Ny-Ålesund]]'''? ===Po (river)=== [[File:View of the Po from Turin.jpg|right|100px]] *...that the '''[[Po (river)|Po River]]''' ''(pictured)'' stretches through five [[Italy|Italian]] cities? ===Lightning=== *...that a bolt of '''[[lightning]]''' can reach [[temperature]]s hotter than the surface of the [[sun]]? ===George VI=== [[File:H.R.H. King George VI and Queen Elizabeth visit the Canadian Pavilion at the World's Fair (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1939, '''[[George VI]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[reign]]ing [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|British monarch]] to visit the [[United States]]? ===Lord Mountbatten=== * ... that many historians believe that in 1968, '''[[Lord Mountbatten]]''', uncle of [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Philip]], was planning a [[coup d'état]] against [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]] [[Harold Wilson]]? ===Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon=== * ... that '''[[Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon]]''' was the first member of the [[British royal family|royal family]] in direct line of succession to be born in [[Scotland]] since the 1600s? ===Diana, Princess of Wales=== [[File:Princess Diana at Accord Hospice.png|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Diana, Princess of Wales]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first [[English people|Englishwoman]] to marry the [[Heir apparent|first-in-line]] to the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|British throne]] since the 1680s? ===Slave breeding in the United States=== *...that when [[slave]] [[import]]s to the [[United States]] were not allowed at the beginning of the 19th century, slaves were '''[[Slave breeding in the United States|bred like cattle]]'''? ===Pope=== *...that the '''[[Pope]]''' cannot be an [[organ donor]]? ===Traffic light=== [[File:東日本大震災から半年後の仙台８ Six Months after The East Japan Earthquake in Sendai8 (8561424208).jpg|right|100px]] *...the '''[[traffic light|traffic lights]]''' are [[blue]] in [[Japan]] ''(pictured)'' because ''ao'' in [[Japanese language|Japanese]] means both [[green]] or blue? ===Tea=== * ... that the country that is '''[[tea|tea's]]''' biggest maker and drinker is [[India]]? ===Concert=== * ... that the [[world]]’s longest '''[[concert]]''' lasted 453 [[hour]]s? ===Rodolfo Hernández Suárez=== * ... that [[Colombia]]n businessman '''[[Rodolfo Hernández Suárez]]''' refused to pay the [[ransom]] of his daughter's kidnapping by a [[Guerrilla warfare|guerrilla group]], citing his family's safety for not paying it? ===Edward VIII=== * ... that historians believe that [[Adolf Hitler]] was ready to make '''[[Edward VIII]]''' the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|king]] again to create a [[fascist]] [[Britain|British]] [[puppet government]] after [[Operation Sea Lion]] in 1940? ===Enceladus=== [[File:PIA17202-SaturnMoon-Enceladus-ApproachingFlyby-20151028.jpg|right|100px]] *...that [[Saturn]]'s moon '''[[Enceladus (moon)|Enceladus]]''' ''(pictured)'' reflects almost all the sunlight it gets, making it the most reflective moon in the [[Solar System]]? ===Kendall Jenner=== * ... that in 2017, '''[[Kendall Jenner]]''' was named the world's highest-paid model by ''[[Forbes]]'', beating model [[Gisele Bündchen]], who had been leading the list for more than 14 years? ===Uranus=== [[File:Uranus as seen by NASA's Voyager 2 (remastered).png|right|100px]] *...that the planet '''[[Uranus]]''' ''(pictured)'' rotates 98 degrees on its side? ===Alfonso Espinosa de los Monteros=== * ... that [[Ecuador]]ian news anchor '''[[Alfonso Espinosa de los Monteros]]''' holds the [[Guinness World Records|Guinness World Record]] for "longest career as a television news broadcaster" for his 56-year-career? ===Titan (moon)=== [[File:Titan in true color.jpg|100px|right]] *...that '''[[Titan (moon)|Titan]]''' ''(pictured)'' may have forms of life in its subsurface oceans? ===Ke Huy Quan=== * ... that in 2023, '''[[Ke Huy Quan]]''', a [[refugee]] of the [[Vietnam War]], became the first [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]]-born actor to win an [[Academy Award]]? ===Peggy Flanagan=== * ... that in 2019, [[Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota]] '''[[Peggy Flanagan]]''' became the highest ranking [[Native American]] woman elected to office in the [[United States]]? ===Chicago Water Tower=== * ... that the '''[[Chicago Water Tower]]''' is the only public tower to survive the [[Great Chicago Fire]] in 1871? ===Sir Shridath Ramphal=== * ... that during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], at age 92, former [[Commonwealth Secretary-General]] '''[[Shridath Ramphal|Sir Shridath Ramphal]]''' was the first lawyer to appear virtually before the [[International Court of Justice]]? ===Broccoli=== [[File:Broccoli and cross section edit.jpg |right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[broccoli]]''' ''(pictured)'' was introduced to [[England]] and the [[United States]] between 1800 and 1900? ===Klein bottle=== *...that true '''[[Klein bottle|Klein bottles]]''' cannot be filled with a [[liquid]]? ===Orange=== [[File:OrangeBloss wb.jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[orange (fruit)|oranges]]''' ''(pictured)'' are one of the few English words that do not rhyme? ===Advance-fee scam=== *...that even though they are common today, the first '''[[advance-fee scam|advance-fee scams]]''' started in the [[18th century]]? ===Apple=== [[File:95apple.jpeg|right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[apple]]s''' ''(pictured)'' were possibly the earliest tree to be [[Farming|cultivated]]? ===Taj Mahal=== [[File:Taj Mahal, Agra, India edit3.jpg|100x100px|right]] *... that the '''[[Taj Mahal]]''' ''(pictured)'' was built by [[Mughal dynasty|Emperor]] [[Shah Jahan]] as a [[mausoleum]] for his wife [[Mumtaz Mahal]]? ===Glasgow=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Glasgow]]''' opened the [[United Kingdom|United Kingdom's]] first official [[Consumerism|consumption]] room for [[illegal drugs]] including [[heroin]] and [[cocaine]]? ===Mona Lisa=== [[File:Mona Lisa, by Leonardo da Vinci, from C2RMF retouched.jpg|100x100px|right]] *...that some believe that the '''''[[Mona Lisa]]''''' ''(pictured)'' has no [[eyebrow]]s because they were accidentally removed during a [[Conservation (art)|restoration]]? ===Photograph (Ed Sheeran song)=== * ... that in 2016, [[Ed Sheeran]] was [[lawsuit|sued]] for $20 million over his song '''"[[Photograph (Ed Sheeran song)|Photograph]]"''' because he was accused of [[copyright infringement]] by the songwriters of "[[Amazing (Matt Cardle song)|Amazing]]"? ===Cheetah=== [[File:Gepardjagt1 (Acinonyx jubatus).jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that the '''[[cheetah]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the fastest land [[animal]], capable of running at speeds up to 75 miles per hour in less than 3 seconds? ===L'Origine du monde=== *...that in 2007, [[postcard]]s showing '''[[L'Origine du monde]]''' were the second-most popular in the [[Musée d'Orsay]]? ===Jill Biden=== [[File:Jill Biden 2024 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at the age of 69, '''[[Jill Biden]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the oldest woman to serve as [[First Lady of the United States]] and the first [[Italian American]] first lady? ===Doug Emhoff=== * ... that before becoming the first [[Second Gentleman of the United States]], '''[[Doug Emhoff]]''' was an entertainment lawyer and represented [[Walmart]] and [[Merck & Co.]]? ===Kamala Harris=== * ... that after 24 hours of '''[[Kamala Harris]]''' announcing her [[Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign|presidential campaign]], she raised $81 million in small-dollar donations, the highest of any candidate in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===Felipe VI=== [[File:Felipe VI in 2023.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Felipe VI]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Monarchy of Spain|Spanish monarch]] to receive and recognize [[LGBT]] organisations at a [[Royal Palace of El Pardo|royal palace]]? ===Silvio Santos=== * ... that '''[[Silvio Santos]]''' hosted his own [[variety show]] from 1963 until 2023 and was called the "greatest personality in the history of [[Brazil]]ian television"? ===Bajrakitiyabha=== [[File:Princess Bajrakitiyabha.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Bajrakitiyabha|Princess Bajrakitiyabha]]''' ''(pictured)'', who was thought to be the next-in-line to the [[Monarchy of Thailand|throne of Thailand]], has been in a [[coma]] since December 2022? ===Daniela Bianchi=== * ... that Italian model and [[Bond girl]] '''[[Daniela Bianchi]]''' was [[Dubbing (filmmaking)|dubbed over]] in ''[[From Russia with Love]]'' by British actress [[Barbara Jefford]] because of her "heavy" accent? === Flamingo === [[File:James's Flamingo mating ritual.jpg|100x100px|right]] *...that a group of '''[[flamingo]]s''' ''(pictured)'' is called a flamboyance? === Shrimp === *... that a '''[[shrimp]]''''s [[heart]] is in its [[head]]? === Giant Panda === [[File:Giant Panda 2004-03-2.jpg|right|100x100px]] * ... that the '''[[giant panda|giant panda's]]''' ''(pictured)'' [[diet]] is 99% [[bamboo]]? === Anglo-Zanzibar War === *... that the shortest [[war]] in history, the '''[[Anglo-Zanzibar War]]''' in 1896, lasted only 38 to 45 minutes? === Hummingbird === [[File:Purple-throated carib hummingbird feeding.jpg|100x100px|right]] *... that '''[[hummingbird]]s''' ''(pictured)'' are the only [[bird]]s that can fly backwards? ===India naming dispute=== *...that '''[[India naming dispute|the name 'India']]''' was first used by the [[Greeks]] to refer specifically to the [[Sindh|Lower Indus Valley]] in [[ancient Pakistan]]? ===Lettuce=== [[Image:Romaine lettuce.jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[lettuce]]''' ''(pictured)'' was one of the first plants brought to America by [[Christopher Columbus]]? ===Royal Air Force=== * ... that the '''[[Royal Air Force]]''' is the oldest [[air force]] in the world? ===Acid rain=== * ... that '''[[acid rain]]''' was a term first used in 1872? ===Lauren Underwood=== [[File:Lauren Underwood official portrait.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2019, at the age of 32, [[registered nurse]] '''[[Lauren Underwood]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the youngest [[African American|Black woman]] to serve in the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Michael Keaton=== * ... that because of [[Screen Actors Guild|SAG]] rules, '''[[Michael Keaton|Michael John Douglas]]''' had to change his name by searching a phone book under "K," saw "Keaton" and decided to pick it as his [[surname]]? ===Jesse Jackson=== * ... that in 1983, [[American Civil Rights Movement|civil rights activist]] '''[[Jesse Jackson]]''' became the first [[African American]] since the [[Reconstruction era]] to address the [[Alabama Legislature]]? ===Paetongtarn Shinawatra=== * ... that in 2024, at the age of 37, '''[[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]]''' became the youngest [[Prime Minister of Thailand|prime minister]] in [[Thailand|Thailand's]] history? ===Kangaroo=== [[File:Kangur.rudy.drs.jpg |right|100x100px]] *...that a female '''[[kangaroo]]''' ''(pictured)'' has three [[vagina]]s? ===Speed dating=== * ... that almost half of the women, and about a quarter of the men participating in '''[[speed dating]]''' make their choice within 30 seconds of meeting the other person? ===Bhumibol Adulyadej=== [[File:King Bhumibol Adulyadej 2010-9-29.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at 70 years, '''[[Bhumibol Adulyadej]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the longest [[Reign|reigning]] [[Monarchy of Thailand|Thai monarch]] and the longest of an independent [[Asian]] sovereign? ===Srettha Thavisin=== * ... that at {{convert|1.92|m|ftin}} tall, former [[Prime Minister of Thailand|Thai Prime Minister]] '''[[Srettha Thavisin]]''' was the tallest leader within [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations|ASEAN]]? ===Yingluck Shinawatra=== [[File:9153ri-Yingluck Shinawatra.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2011, '''[[Yingluck Shinawatra]]''' ''(pictured)'' became [[Thailand|Thailand's]] first female [[Prime Minister of Thailand|prime minister]] and its youngest in 60 years? ===Octopus=== *...that '''[[octopus]]es''' have three [[heart]]s; two for the [[gill]]s and one for the rest of the body? ===Spaghetti=== *...that a single [[strand]] of '''[[spaghetti]]''' is called a "spaghetto"? ===Eraser=== *...that before the 1700s, people used wet [[bread]] as '''[[erasers]]'''? ===Number=== *...that no '''[[number]]''' before 1,000 contains the [[letter]] [[A]]? ===Pluto=== *...that the [[ratio]] between the [[masses]] of '''[[Pluto]]''' and its moon [[Charon]] is so great that it is sometimes called a binary system? ===Maho Beach=== [[File:747-400 City of Bangkok landing at Princess Juliana 11-27-2012b.jpg|right|110px]] * ... that '''[[Maho Beach]]''' ''(pictured)'', in [[Saint Martin|Saint Martin island]], is directly across an [[Princess Juliana International Airport|airport]] and [[Fixed-wing aircraft|airplanes]] can be about 100 feet above beach goers? ===Buenos Aires=== *... that in 2005, '''[[Buenos Aires]]''' became the first [[UNESCO]] City of Design because of the city's [[architecture]] and [[fashion design|fashion design culture]]? ===Susan Wojcicki=== * ... that former CEO of [[YouTube]] '''[[Susan Wojcicki]]''' also helped create [[Google]] when she [[Renting|rented]] her garage as an office for the company's founders in 1998? ===Christopher Plummer=== * ... that '''[[Christopher Plummer]]''' is the only [[Canadians|Canadian]] actor to have won the "[[Triple Crown of Acting]]"? ===Haumea (dwarf planet)=== [[File:Haumea rotation with ring.gif|right|100x100px]] *...that because the [[dwarf planet]] '''[[Haumea (dwarf planet)|Haumea]]''' (''pictured'') was discovered shortly after [[Christmas]], it was originally called Santa? ===Titan=== * ...that [[Saturn]]'s biggest moon '''[[Titan (moon)|Titan]]''' could possibly have a subsurface [[ocean]]? ===Venus=== [[File:Venus from Mariner 10.jpg |right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[Venus]]''' ''(pictured)'' is called Earth's evil twin because it has [[sulphuric acid]] in its [[clouds]]? ===Lavinia Fontana=== [[File:Lavinia Fontana - Autoritratto (ca. 1577-85).jpg|100px|right]] *...that '''[[Lavinia Fontana]]''' (''self-portrait shown''), a 16th century painter, may have been the first woman to paint female [[nude (art)|nudes]]? ===Strawberry=== *... that [[Botany|botanically]] speaking, [[bananas]] are berries, but '''[[Strawberry|strawberries]]''' are not? ===Blood=== *...that there are traces of [[gold]] found in '''[[blood]]''' in the human body? ===Kangaroo rat=== [[File:kangaroo-rat.jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that the [[Nocturnal animals|nocturnal]] [[rodent]] the '''[[Kangaroo rat]]''' ''(pictured)'' has more efficient [[kidney]]s than humans do? ===Tokyo=== * ... that '''[[Tokyo]]''' started as a small fishing village known as [[Edo]] in the 1400s? ===Beijing=== * ... that throughout its history, '''[[Beijing]]''' was the [[China|Chinese]] capital six times? ===Michèle George=== [[File:Michle-george-1352493767.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[equestrianism|equestrian]] '''[[Michèle George]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first winner of a gold medal in [[para-dressage]] for [[Belgium]]? ===Tim Walz=== * ... that in 2007, then-[[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Tim Walz]]''' became the highest-ranking retired [[Enlisted rank|enlisted soldier]] ever to serve in [[United States Congress|Congress]]? ===Sir Lawrence Bragg=== [[File:Wl-bragg.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at age 25, physicist '''[[Lawrence Bragg|Sir Lawrence Bragg]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the youngest person to win a [[Nobel Prize]]? ===Guinea pig=== *... that the term '''[[Guinea pig]]''' is [[slang]] for being the first to try something? ===Taylor Swift=== [[File:Taylor Swift at the Golden Globes 2024 (Enhanced, cropped) 1.jpg |right|100px]] * ... that thirteen-time [[Grammy Awards]] winner '''[[Taylor Swift]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first musician to become a [[billionaire]] based on songs and performances as their [[revenue]]? ===Pete Buttigieg=== * ... that [[United States Secretary of Transportation|U.S. Transportation Secretary]] '''[[Pete Buttigieg]]''' is the first openly [[gay]] individual and first [[millennial]] to be a member of the [[United States Cabinet|U.S. Cabinet]]? ===Berlin=== * ... that '''[[Berlin]]''' is the only city in the world that hosts three [[opera house]]s? ===Janet Yellen=== * ... that '''[[Janet Yellen]]''' is the first person in [[History of the United States|American history]] to lead the three most powerful economic bodies in the [[Federal government]]: the [[United States Department of the Treasury|Treasury Department]], the [[Federal Reserve]], and the [[Council of Economic Advisers]]? ===Hakeem Jeffries=== [[File:Rep-Hakeem-Jeffries-Official-Portrait.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Hakeem Jeffries]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[African-American]] to serve as a [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|congressional party leader]]? ===Truman Show delusion=== *... that the '''[[Truman Show delusion|''Truman Show'' delusion]]''' is named after [[The Truman Show|the movie with the same name]], because some of the first patients said it provided a good description of what the condition felt like? ===Makemake (dwarf planet)=== [[File:Makemake and its moon.jpg|right|100px]] * ...that the [[dwarf planet]] '''[[Makemake (dwarf planet)|Makemake]]''' ''(pictured)'' used to be called [[Easter Bunny]] when it was first found? ===Depression (mental illness)=== * ... several scientific studies have found a link between '''[[Depression (mental illness)|depression]]''' and [[pesticide]]s? ===Charles Darwin=== * ... that while studying at [[Christ's College, Cambridge]], '''[[Charles Darwin]]''' formed a club called "the Gourmet Club" in which he would eat [[Exotic pet|exotic animals]]? ===Rome=== * ... that at 1,500 [[fountain]]s, '''[[Rome]]''' has the most fountains of any city in the world? ===Priti Patel=== [[File:Priti Patel Official Cabinet Portrait, September 2021 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2019, '''[[Priti Patel]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[British Indians|British Indian]] to serve as [[Home Secretary]]? ===Toronto=== * ... that in 2021, 51% of '''[[Toronto]]''' residents were born outside [[Canada]] with 45% of the city's residents speaking a [[First language|first language]] other than French or English? ===Madrid=== * ... that '''[[Madrid|Madrid's]]''' name comes from the [[Arabic]] word ''magerit'', meaning “place of many [[stream]]s"? ===Joe Biden=== [[File:President Joe Biden delivers remarks from the Oval Office (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2024, '''[[Joe Biden]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[incumbent]] [[President of the United States|president]] in [[History of the United States|American history]] to [[Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election|withdraw from reelection]] since [[1968 United States presidential election|1968]]? ===Romance Scam=== *...that people lose more money to '''[[romance scam]]s''' than to other similar types of [[scam]]? ===Rachel Reeves=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Rachel Reeves]]''' became the first female [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]]? ===Deb Haaland=== [[File:Deb Haaland official portrait, 116th congress 2 (1).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2021, [[United States Secretary of the Interior|Interior Secretary]] '''[[Deb Haaland]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Native American]] [[Cabinet of the United States|Cabinet secretary]] in [[History of the United States|U.S. history]]? ===Amsterdam=== * ... that '''[[Amsterdam]]''' sits at two meters below [[sea level]] and is built on soft [[peat]] and [[clay]] in order to stay above water? ===Rio de Janeiro=== * ... that '''[[Rio de Janeiro]]''' is named for a river that does not exist after [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] [[explorer]]s mistook an [[Bay|oceanic bay]] for a river? ===Sexual slavery=== *...that estimates of the number of '''[[sexual slavery|sex slaves]]''' in 2001 varied between 400,000 and 1.75 million? ===Potsdam=== * ... that '''[[Potsdam]]''' was intended as "a picturesque, [[Pasture|pastoral]] dream" which would remind its people of their relationship with [[nature]] and reason? ===Myriam Spiteri Debono=== * ... that [[President of Malta]] '''[[Myriam Spiteri Debono]]''' is a [[technophobia|technophobe]] and uses her husband's [[email]] account for official duties? ===Cheng Pei-pei=== [[File:Cheng Pei Pei (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Chinese people|Chinese]] actress '''[[Cheng Pei-pei]]''' ''(pictured)'', who was nicknamed the "Queen of [[Kung-fu|Kung Fu]]", was thought to be cinema's first female [[Action movie|action]] hero? ===We Didn't Start the Fire (Fall Out Boy song)=== * ... that the 2023 song '''"[[We Didn't Start the Fire (Fall Out Boy song)|We Didn't Start the Fire]]"''', which covers popular events from 1989 to 2023, did not mention the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] because it could not [[rhyme]] with ''[[Bush v. Gore]]''? ===JD Vance=== * ... that [[Vice President of the United States]] '''[[JD Vance]]''' is the first [[millennial]] to be on a presidential ticket of a major party in the [[United States]]? ===Sir Keir Starmer=== [[File:Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer Official Portrait (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that the [[Cabinet of the United Kingdom|cabinet]] of [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]] '''[[Keir Starmer|Sir Keir Starmer]]''' ''(pictured)'' has the most female ministers in the [[United Kingdom|country's]] history? ===Stanford prison experiment=== <!--[[File:SPE1971-prisoner-breaks-down.jpg|100px|right]]--> *...that the '''[[Stanford prison experiment]]''' was stopped after six days, because guards had started to [[torture]] prisoners? ===Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania=== * ... that within one day of [[Donald Trump|Donald Trump's]] '''[[Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania|attempted assassination]]''' in [[Pennsylvania]], [[Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign|his campaign]] raised over $2 million for his supporters who were hurt or killed in the shooting? ===Dennis Skinner=== * ... that '''[[Dennis Skinner]]''' was [[:wikt:suspension|suspended]] from the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|British Parliament]] at least ten times for calling members inappropriate names including former [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] [[David Cameron]]? ===Phoenix, Arizona=== * ... that '''[[Phoenix, Arizona]]''' is the most populated [[state capital]] of the [[United States]]? ===Masoud Pezeshkian=== [[File:Masoud Pezeshkian, 2024-6-12 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that before entering politics, [[President of Iran]] '''[[Masoud Pezeshkian]]''' ''(pictured)'' was a heart [[surgeon]]? ===Enumclaw horse sex case=== * … that one of the most read articles of ''[[The Seattle Times]]'' in 2005 was about a man who died after '''[[Enumclaw horse sex case|having sex with a horse]]'''? ===Steven Chu=== * ... that former [[United States Secretary of Energy|U.S. Secretary of Energy]] '''[[Steven Chu]]''' became the first [[Nobel Prize]] winner to have a position in the [[United States Cabinet|U.S. Cabinet]] in 2009? ===Robert Pickton=== * ... that [[serial killer]] '''[[Robert Pickton]]''' told an [[Covert operation|undercover officer]] that he killed 49 people and wished he killed one more to make it an "even fifty"? ===Blanche Lincoln=== [[File:Blanche Lincoln, 2007.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at the age of 38, '''[[Blanche Lincoln]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the youngest woman ever elected to the [[United States Senate]]? ===Devil=== * ... that in the [[Koran]], the '''[[Devil]]''' often appears as an animal and tries to get people to do the wrong thing? ===Anti-tobacco movement in Nazi Germany=== *...that when they found a link between [[smoking]] and [[lung cancer]] in 1940, the [[Nazi]]s created the '''[[Anti-tobacco movement in Nazi Germany|first anti-smoking campaign]]''' in modern history? ===Gregory Peck=== * ... that [[Academy Award]]-winning actor '''[[Gregory Peck]]''' said that he was almost offered the [[ambassador|ambassadorship]] to [[Ireland]] by President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]? ===Gabriel García Márquez=== [[File:Gabriel Garcia Marquez2 (2009).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Colombia]]n [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] winner '''[[Gabriel García Márquez]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the most-[[translation|translated]] Spanish-language author? ===Dixy Lee Ray=== * ... that '''[[Dixy Lee Ray]]''', the first female [[Governor of Washington]], was also the youngest girl to [[summit]] [[Mount Rainier]]? === India === *...that the name '''[[India]]''' comes from the [[Indus River]], which is located mostly in [[Pakistan]] and is the [[National symbols of Pakistan|national river]] of the country? ===Claudia Sheinbaum=== * ... that [[President of Mexico|President-elect of Mexico]] '''[[Claudia Sheinbaum]]''' was a member of the [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]] when they won a [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in 2007? ===Katherine Johnson=== [[File:NASA human computers - Katherine Coleman Goble Johnson.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Katherine Johnson]]''' ''(pictured)'' was called one of the first [[African-American]] women to work as a [[NASA]] scientist? ===Buzz Aldrin=== * ... that when '''[[Buzz Aldrin]]''' walked on the [[Moon]] during the [[Apollo 11]] mission, he took [[Eucharist|communion]] and became the first and only person to hold a religious ceremony on the Moon? ===Françoise Hardy=== [[File:FrancoiseHardy-1967-Venise-ReportagePhoto.png|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Françoise Hardy]]''' ''(pictured)'', a popular singer of the [[Yé-yé]] style of music, was also an [[astrology|astrologist]] and wrote books about it? ===Mason–Dixon line=== *...that [[surveyor]]s were hired to fix the border between [[Maryland]] and [[Pennsylvania]], after people had become tired of the '''[[Mason–Dixon line|violence between the two colonies]]'''? ===Ronald Reagan=== * ... that after [[Korean Air Lines Flight 007]] was shot down in 1983, [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[Ronald Reagan]]''' announced that the American military's [[GPS]] would be allowed for [[civilian]] use? ===Seven Nation Army=== * ... that when [[Jack White]] created the [[riff]] for '''"[[Seven Nation Army]]"''', he wanted it used for a [[James Bond]] theme, however he decided to make it into a separate song because he thought that would never happen? ===John Quincy Adams=== * ... that [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[John Quincy Adams]]''', who led the fight against [[slavery]] in [[United States Congress|Congress]], was fluent in [[Latin]] and [[French language|French]]? ===Carl Sagan=== [[File:Carl Sagan Planetary Society cropped.png|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Carl Sagan]]''' ''(pictured)'' said that smoking [[cannabis]] helped him in writing his books? ===Vegetable=== * ... that in 1893 the [[United States Supreme Court]] declared that the [[fruit]] [[Tomato]] is a '''[[vegetable]]''' for [[taxation]] purposes? ===Adolf Hitler=== * ... that according to historians, '''[[Adolf Hitler]]''' had only one [[testicle]]? ===Ebrahim Raisi=== * ... that former [[President of Iran|President]] '''[[Ebrahim Raisi]]''' was nicknamed "the Butcher of [[Tehran]]" for his role on the "death committee" during the [[1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners|1988 mass executions]] of [[Iranian people|Iranian]] [[political prisoners]]? ===Solovey (Go_A song)=== * ... that "'''[[Solovey (Go A song)|Solovey]]'''" was the first song in the history of [[Eurovision Song Contest|Eurovision]] to be fully in the [[Ukrainian language]]? ===Jamie Lee Curtis=== [[File:Jamie Lee Curtis (28770868877) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Academy Award]]-winning actress '''[[Jamie Lee Curtis]]''' ''(pictured)'' did not want to be called Baroness [[Christopher Guest|Haden-Guest]] because she said the title has nothing to do with her? ===Murder of Linda Andersen=== *...that '''[[Murder of Linda Andersen|two girls who killed their mother]]''' when they were [[teenager]]s successfully studied at [[university]], after serving their sentence; one became a [[lawyer]] and the other a [[scientist]]? ===William Shockley=== * ... that [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] winning physicist '''[[William Shockley]]''' ran for the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] in 1982 because of the "[[Dysgenics|dysgenic threat]]" he believed [[African Americans|African-Americans]] created? ===Giorgia Meloni=== [[File:Giorgia Meloni Official 2022 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Giorgia Meloni]]''' ''(pictured)'', who was elected in [[2022 Italian general election|2022]], is [[Italy|Italy's]] first female [[Prime Minister of Italy|prime minister]]? ===Marianne Wiggins=== * ... that when Muslims were ordered to kill [[Salman Rushdie]], his wife '''[[Marianne Wiggins]]''' also started hiding, even though she told him five days earlier that she did not want to be married to him anymore? ===Dick Van Dyke=== [[File:Dick Van Dyke by Gage Skidmore.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at age 98, '''[[Dick Van Dyke]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the oldest person to be nominated and win a [[Daytime Emmy Award]]? ===Andrew Johnson=== * ... that a proposal to [[impeachment|impeach]] [[President of the United States]] '''[[Andrew Johnson]]''' in 1868 failed by one vote? ===Russia=== * ... that '''[[Russia]]''' got its name from a [[Medieval Latin]] name for the [[Kievan Rus']]? ===Cynisca=== *...that even though [[women]] were forbidden from attending the [[Ancient Olympic Games]], [[Sparta]]n [[princess]] '''[[Cynisca]]''' won them twice? ===Nude recreation=== *...that when a [[museum]] in [[Vienna]] offered a '''[[nude recreation|naked museum tour]]''' of a [[controversial]] [[exhibition]] called ''Nude Men'' in February 2013, more than 60 people attended that tour? ===Dishwasher=== *...that a [[socialite]] who was worried that her dishes would break while they were being washed came up with a successful design of a '''[[dishwasher]]''' in the late 19th century? ===Pete McCloskey=== * ... that in 1967, [[Purple Heart]] [[Korean War]] veteran '''[[Pete McCloskey]]''' won against child actress [[Shirley Temple]] in a [[special election]] for the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]? ===Simon Harris=== * ... that at age 37, '''[[Simon Harris]]''' is the youngest person to become [[Ireland|Ireland's]] [[Taoiseach]]? ===Mary Peltola=== [[File:Mary Peltola celebrating reeelection (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Mary Peltola]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Alaska Natives|Alaskan Native]] member of [[United States Congress|congress]]? ===Ima Keithel=== * ... that '''[[Ima Keithel]]''' is a [[market]] in [[Manipur]] that is the only one run by women alone? ===Pubic hair=== *... that four out of five women, and about half of the men in the [[United States]] trim or remove their '''[[pubic hair]]'''? ===Olaf Scholz=== * ... that '''[[Olaf Scholz]]''' is the first [[Chancellor of Germany|Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany]] to not be a member of the [[Protestant Church in Germany|Protestant Church]]? ===Ursula von der Leyen=== * ... that when she was elected in 2019, '''[[Ursula von der Leyen]]''' became the first female [[President of the European Commission]]? ===Dance the Night=== * ... that [[Mark Ronson]] wrote a song for the [[Rehearsal|dance rehearsals]] of the movie ''[[Barbie (movie)|Barbie]]'' which later became "'''[[Dance the Night]]'''"? ===Gottfried Böhm=== [[File:Gottfried Böhm 2015.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1986, '''[[Gottfried Böhm]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first [[German people|German]] [[architect]] to win a [[Pritzker Prize]]? ===Sahara=== * ... that in the last hundred years, the '''[[Sahara]]''' has grown by about ten percent because of [[desertification]]? ===José Andrés=== * ... that chef and [[humanitarianism|humanitarian]] '''[[José Andrés]]''' is said to have made [[Tapas|small plates dining]] popular in the [[United States]]? ===Red Sea crisis=== * ... that the first event in the history of [[space warfare]] occurred during the '''[[Red Sea crisis]]'''? ===Trina Robbins=== [[File:Trina Robbins 2010 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1970, cartoonist '''[[Trina Robbins]]''' ''(pictured)'' helped create the first [[comic book]] entirely produced by women? ===Sultan bin Salman Al Saud=== * ... that '''[[Sultan bin Salman Al Saud]]''', the son of [[Salman of Saudi Arabia|Saudi King Salman]], is the first member of a royal family to fly in [[outer space|space]] as well as the first Arab and the first [[Muslim]] to do so? === Ostrich === *... that '''[[ostrich]]es''' have the biggest eyes among all [[terrestrial animals]]? === Names of Pakistan === [[File:British Indian Empire 1909 Imperial Gazetteer of India.jpg|100x100px|right]] *... that the '''[[Names of Pakistan|name of modern Pakistan]]''' ''(pictured)'' is an [[acronym]] derived from the five regions of the [[British Raj]]: [[Punjab (Pakistan)|''P''unjab]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|''A''fghania]], [[Kashmir|''K''ashmir]], [[Sindh|''S''indh]], and [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Baluchis''tan'']]? === Akkadian Empire === [[File:Empire akkad.svg|100x100px|right]] *... that the '''[[Akkad|Akkadian Empire]]''' ''(pictured)'' of [[Mesopotamia]] is the oldest known [[empire]] in history? ===Houston=== * ... that after [[New York City]], '''[[Houston]]''' has the most [[Fortune 500|''Fortune'' 500]] headquarters of any [[United States|American]] city within its city limits? === Total Eclipse of the Heart === * ... that leading up to the [[solar eclipse of August 21, 2017]], the [[streaming media|streams]] for [[Bonnie Tyler]]'s 1983 single '''"[[Total Eclipse of the Heart]]"''' went up 827% globally? === Ancient Pakistan === [[File:Indus script.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the oldest recorded name of '''[[Ancient Pakistan]]''' ''(pictured)'' is Meluhha, the [[Sumer]]ian name for the [[Indus Valley Civilization|Indus Valley]]? ===Charles Michel=== * ... that when '''[[Charles Michel]]''' became the [[Prime Minister of Belgium]] in 2014, he was the youngest Belgian prime minister in 173 years? ===Jörn Donner=== [[File:Jörn Donner in 2014 06.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that director '''[[Jörn Donner]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first and, to date, only person from [[Finland]] to win an [[Academy Award]]? ===Katie Britt=== * ... that [[Alabama]] [[United States Senator|U.S. Senator]] '''[[Katie Britt]]''' was [[criticism|criticized]] for giving her [[response to the State of the Union address|response]] to the [[State of the Union address]] from her [[kitchen]]? ===Gandhara=== *... that the region of '''[[Gandhara]]''' in [[Pakistan]] is the second holy land of [[Buddhism]], the first being [[Magadha]] in [[Nepal]] and [[India]]? ===Olivia Rodrigo=== [[File:Olivia Rodrigo @ Theatre at Ace Hotel 10 09 2023 (53423735984).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Olivia Rodrigo]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first artist to have their first two releases in the top 10 on [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]]? ===Lyndon B. Johnson=== * ... that at age 42, '''[[Lyndon B. Johnson]]''' was the youngest [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|leader]] of the [[United States Senate]] in [[American history]]? ===Kristi Noem=== [[File:Noem Portrait (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that when '''[[Kristi Noem]]''' ''(pictured)'' was a [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]], she took online college classes and received [[internship|intern credits]] because she was a congresswoman? ===Marianne Williamson=== * ... that before running for [[President of the United States]] in [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]] and [[2024 United States presidential election|2024]], '''[[Marianne Williamson]]''' was a [[The New York Times Best Seller list|''New York Times'' best selling]] [[spirituality|spiritual writer]] and was nicknamed "[[Oprah Winfrey|Oprah's]] spiritual advisor"? ===Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine=== * ... that even though '''[[Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine|Belarus helped Russia]]''' with [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|their invasion of Ukraine]], [[President of Belarus|President]] [[Alexander Lukashenko]] said that there is "no way" [[Belarus|Belarusian]] soldiers will attack [[Ukraine]]? ===J. Robert Oppenheimer=== * ... that in 2022, '''[[J. Robert Oppenheimer|J. Robert Oppenheimer's]]''' [[security clearance]] was given back to him, 68 years after it was controversially removed during the [[Red scare|Second Red scare]]? ===Chicago River=== [[File:The Chicago River turns green for St. Patrick's Day. 2018 (26997623508).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that the tradition of [[dye|dyeing]] the '''[[Chicago River]]''' green ''(pictured)'' for [[Saint Patrick's Day]] started by accident in 1961 when plumbers accidentally spilled [[fluorescein]] into the river? ===Functional illiteracy=== *...that 14% of the [[adult]]s living in the [[United States]] have problems in their everyday life, because they cannot '''[[functional illiteracy|read and write well enough]]'''? ===Kirby's Dream Course=== *...that '''''[[Kirby's Dream Course]]''''' was not originally going to be a ''[[Kirby (series)|Kirby]]'' game, and the version without Kirby was later released on the [[Satellaview]]? ===Harvard University=== * ... that eight [[Presidents of the United States]] have [[graduated]] from '''[[Harvard University]]'''? ===Japanese spider crab=== *... that the '''[[Japanese spider crab]]''' has the largest leg span among any [[arthropod]] in the world? ===Toby Fox=== *...that '''[[Toby Fox|Toby Fox's]]''' first important work was a [[Halloween]] version of ''[[EarthBound]]''? ===The Godfather=== * ... that '''''[[The Godfather]]''''' made over $100 million in the [[box office]] 18 weeks after its release in 1972, making it the fastest movie to reach that number? ===Abortion in France=== *...that '''[[abortion in France]]''' was protected in the French [[constitution]] in March 2024, making France the only country to have abortion as a constitutional right? ===O'Hare station train crash=== [[File:OHare Airport L crash, March 2014.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in March 2014, a [[Chicago]] [[Blue Line (CTA)|subway train]] '''[[O'Hare station train crash|crashed]]''' ''(pictured)'' at the [[O'Hare International Airport]] because the conductor fell asleep while operating? ===Paracetamol=== *...that '''[[Paracetamol]]''' ''(acetaminophen)'' is the main cause of [[liver failure]] in the [[United States]] and [[Great Britain]]? ===Mario Party 8=== * ... that '''''[[Mario Party 8]]''''' was removed from stores in the [[United Kingdom]] after a [[slur]] was found in the game? ===Eswatini=== * ... that Swaziland changed their name to '''[[Eswatini]]''' because the old name sounded too similar to [[Switzerland]]? ===Alejandro Mayorkas=== * ... that [[United States Secretary of Homeland Security|U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security]] '''[[Alejandro Mayorkas]]''' is the first [[United States Cabinet]] member to be [[impeachment|impeached]] since 1876? ===Kuwaiti dinar=== *... that the '''[[Kuwaiti dinar]]''' is the most valuable [[currency]] in the world? ===Carnivorous plant=== *... that different [[plant]]s developed the '''[[carnivorous plant|ability to catch and trap insects]]''' at least six times? ===Super Bowl LVIII=== * ... that '''[[Super Bowl LVIII]]''' is the most watched [[United States]] broadcast since the [[Apollo 11]] moon landing? ===Liverpool Women's Hospital bombing=== * ...that the [[taxi]] driver in the '''[[Liverpool Women's Hospital bombing]]''' was called a [[hero]] for locking the [[terrorist]] inside of his taxi? ===Acoustic Kitty=== *...that in the 1960s, the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] fitted [[cat]]s to '''[[Acoustic Kitty|act as spies]]'''? ===The Typewriter=== *...that in the 1950s, [[Leroy Anderson]] composed '''[[The Typewriter|a piece of music]]''' for the [[typewriter]] and [[orchestra]]? ===Pesse canoe=== [[File:Boomstamkano van Pesse, Drents Museum, 1955-VIII-2.jpg|right|100px]] *... that the '''[[Pesse canoe]]''' ''(pictured)'', a [[Dugout canoe|dugout]] dating back to between 7500 and 8000 [[BCE]], may be one of the world's oldest [[boat]]s? === Medieval philosophy === *... that '''[[Medieval philosophy]]''' began in the historic city of [[Baghdad]], now the capital of [[Iraq]], in the [[8th century]]? ===Poultry=== *... that '''[[Poultry]]''' is the second most eaten type of [[meat]] after [[pork]]? ===In Guezzam=== *...that in '''[[In Guezzam]]''' less than four out of ten people [[literacy|can read or write]]? ===Suriname=== *...that in '''[[Suriname]]''' most people who cannot read or write are women? === Masjid al-Haram === [[File:Great Mosque of Mecca.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the '''[[Masjid al-Haram]]''' ''(pictured)'' in [[Makkah]], [[Saudi Arabia]] is the largest [[mosque]] in the world and is also the most expensive building on [[Earth]]? ===2024 Ecuadorian conflict=== * ... that in January 2024, several armed gang members '''[[2024 Ecuadorian conflict|stormed a television studio]]''' in [[Guayaquil]], [[Ecuador]] while it was broadcasting live? ===Meat-Shaped Stone=== [[File:Meat-Shaped Stone Gathering of Treasures 1.jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that the '''''[[Meat-Shaped Stone]]''''' ''(pictured)'' is one of the Three Treasures of the [[National Palace Museum]] in [[Taiwan]]? ===25 or 6 to 4=== * ... that the [[Chicago (band)|Chicago]] song "'''[[25 or 6 to 4]]'''" was banned in [[Singapore]] from 1970 to 1993 because the country thought the song was about drugs? ===Madison Marsh=== [[File:Active Duty Miss America (4) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[Miss America 2024|2024]], [[Second_lieutenant#United_States|second lieutenant]] '''[[Madison Marsh]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first member of the [[United States Armed Forces|U.S. Armed Forces]] to win the [[Miss America|Miss America title]]? ===Postpartum depression=== * ... that '''[[postpartum depression]]''' affects more women living in [[Human Development Index|low and middle income countries]] than those living in high income countries? ===Trump International Hotel and Tower=== * ... that because of [[Donald Trump]] adding a large sign with his name on the '''[[Trump International Hotel and Tower]]''', [[Chicago]] considered changing its rules for future sign-building on its skyscrapers? ===875 North Michigan Avenue=== * ... that '''[[875 North Michigan Avenue]]''' in [[Chicago]] has the highest indoor swimming pool in the [[United States]]? ===iPhone 6=== [[File:IPhone 6 bottom.png|right|100px]] * ... that over ten million '''[[iPhone 6]]''' ''(pictured)'' were sold in the first week of its release in 2014, making it one of best-selling [[touchscreen]] phones of all time? ===Moscow=== * ... that '''[[Moscow]]''' is the largest city by [[land area]] on the [[Europe|European continent]]? ===Pineapple=== * ... that '''[[pineapple]]s''' can take two or three years to grow? fduqzyrh7gjp1bfb9fj8251kzwowtqr 10369329 10369245 2025-07-03T09:47:23Z Raayaan9911 1495229 Moved 10369329 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bots|optout=SIGN}} This page is for nominations to appear in the "Did you know" section on the [[Main Page]]. To discuss Did You Know please use [[Wikipedia talk:Did you know]]. <center><big>'''[[Template talk:Did you know#Nominations|SKIP TO NOMINATIONS]]'''</big></center> {{DYKbox}} {{tocright}} == Instructions == '''Did you know?''' (DYK) entries are interesting facts that many people may not know. On this page possible entries are listed and members of the DYK project assess the nominations for the DYK section. DYKs are listed on the [[Main Page]]. === How to enter a DYK === List articles on this page under the '''Nominations''' area, below. The newest nominations go at the top. If you would like to make a nomination, you should read the rules below. If there is a picture that you would like to see used with your nomination, please add it with your nomination as shown below. Any user may nominate a DYK suggestion. {{Wikipedia:Did you know}} == Chart == Please use one of the following templates when reviewing nominations. {| class="wikitable" width=100% ! width=10% | Symbol !! width=10% | Code !! width=10% | Ready for DYK? !! width=50% | Description |- align="center" |- align="center" | [[File:Symbol confirmed.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKyes}}</nowiki> || Yes || align="left" | No problems, ready for DYK |- align="center" | [[File:Pictogram voting keep.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKagf}}</nowiki> || Yes, [[Wikipedia:Assume good faith|WP:AGF]] || align="left" | Hook cited to a source not on the Internet, but to a reliable publication. |- align="center" | [[File:Pictogram reply.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKfixed}}</nowiki> || Yes, issue fixed. || align="left" | The issue preventing DYK, or the request for improvement has now been fixed. |- align="center" | [[File:Symbol possible vote.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKalmost}}</nowiki> || Almost || align="left" | Article is on the way to being ready for DYK, but the reviewer has questions. |- align="center" | [[File:Symbol delete vote.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKno}}</nowiki> || No || align="left" | Article is unable to be used on DYK, the time limit has passed, or there are larger reservations. |} {{DYK-Refresh}} <!--<center><big>'''{{#ifeq:{{Did you know/Queue/EmpQ}}||ALL QUEUES ARE FULL AT THE MOMENT.|THE NEXT EMPTY QUEUE IS [[Template:Did you know/Queue/{{Did you know/Queue/EmpQ}}]] AND}} THE NEXT UPDATE WILL BE FROM [[Template:Did you know/Queue/{{Did you know/Queue/NexQ}}]]'''</big></center>--> == Nominations == Please add new nominations below ''with newer nominations at the top''. Nominations should be headed with a <nowiki>===Level Three===</nowiki> header containing a link to the article that the hook is from. If possible, all hooks should contain a relevant file from Wikimedia Commons – this can be a picture or a sound. The subject article should be '''<nowiki>'''bolded'''</nowiki>'''. <!--- please uncomment the template below if there are no nominations in the section; add newer nominations at the top, but below the template --> === Al Hilal SFC === * ... that '''[[Al Hilal SFC|Al Hilal]]''' was the only Asian football club to reach the knockout tournament in [[2025 FIFA Club World Cup]]? [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 08:00, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ==Holding area== Hooks that are ready to be moved to a queue for update may be held in this area until a space in a queue becomes available. To be eligible to move into this area, a hook must meet all of the promotion guidelines as outlined above. Hooks in this area do not count towards a user's nomination limit. If you change or re-review a hook in this area, it must be moved back to the main nominations section for discussion to continue. The only changes permitted here are formatting or spelling changes, or adding an associated file. <!-- Add nominations below this comment --> ===Gina Ortiz Jones=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Gina Ortiz Jones]]''' became the first [[Asian-American]] female mayor of a major city in [[Texas]] and the first openly [[gay]] mayor of [[San Antonio]]? ===Violeta Chamorro=== [[File:Violeta Chamorro 1993.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1990, when '''[[Violeta Chamorro]]''' ''(pictured)'' was elected [[President of Nicaragua]], she became the first elected woman president in the [[Americas]]? ===Sir Billy Boston=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Billy Boston|Sir Billy Boston]]''' became the first [[Rugby League|rugby league footballer]] to be [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]]? ===Toni Morrison=== [[File:Toni Morrison.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1993, '''[[Toni Morrison]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[African American]] woman to win the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]? ===Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran=== * ... that the '''[[Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran]]''' was founded in 324, making it the oldest public church in [[Rome]] and the oldest [[basilica]] in the [[Western world]]? ===Greg Abbott=== * ... that in 2015, '''[[Greg Abbott]]''' became the first [[Governor of Texas|Texas governor]] and third governor of a [[U.S. state]] to use a [[wheelchair]]? ===Amazon River=== [[File:Amazon 57.53278W 2.71207S.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that there are no [[Bridge|bridges]] that cross the '''[[Amazon River]]''' ''(pictured)'' because of the [[Amazon rainforest]]? === iOS 26 === * ... that 13 years after the [[iOS 7]] was [[Design|redesigned]] with a "flat style", the '''[[iOS 26]]''' was redesigned with a [[Liquid Glass]] design? ===Ron DeSantis=== [[File:Governor Ron DeSantis at the CNN Republican Presidential Debate (53460294753) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2019, at the age of 40, '''[[Ron DeSantis]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the youngest [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[Governor of Florida|governor]] in [[Florida|Florida's history]]? ===Egypt=== * ... that '''[[Egypt]]''' has the most powerful [[Egyptian Armed Forces|military force]] in the [[Arab world]] and [[Africa]] since 2025? === Colour of the day (police) === *... that in [[New York City]], [[police|undercover police]] wear different '''[[Color of the day (police)|colored items of clothing]]''' to quickly recognize each other? ===Kathy Hochul=== [[File:Kathy Hochul March 2024 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2021, '''[[Kathy Hochul]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first female [[Governor of New York]] and the first from [[Upstate New York]]? ===Mikie Sherrill=== * ... that before she became the first [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] to [[United States House of Representatives|represent]] [[New Jersey's 11th congressional district]] in over 30 years, '''[[Mikie Sherrill]]''' was a [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] [[helicopter]] pilot? ===Abigail Spanberger=== * ... that before becoming the first woman to represent [[Virginia's 7th congressional district]] in the [[U.S. House of Representatives|U.S. House]], '''[[Abigail Spanberger]]''' was a [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA operations officer]]? ===Gavin Newsom=== [[File:Newsom April 2024 (3x4 cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2022, [[Governor of California|Governor]] '''[[Gavin Newsom]]''' ''(pictured)'' made [[California]] the first [[sanctuary city|sanctuary state]] for [[transgender|transgender youth]]? ===Cambodian genocide=== * ... that the '''[[Cambodian genocide]]''' happened because [[dictator]] [[Pol Pot]] and the [[Khmer Rouge]] wanted to roll back [[Cambodia]] to "Year Zero" when every Cambodian was a [[Rural area|rural]] [[farmer]]? ===Joan Didion=== [[File:Didion1970 (cropped).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that '''[[Joan Didion]]''' ''(pictured)'' wrote her first novel, which was about a woman dying in the [[Sahara Desert]], when she was five years old? ===South Korea=== * ... that 70% of '''[[South Korea]]''' is covered by hills and mountains? ===Louise Glück=== [[File:Louise Glück circa 1977.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that in 2020, '''[[Louise Glück]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Americans|American]] woman to win the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] since 1993 and the first American poet to win since 1948? ===Boston=== * ... that from 1659 to 1681, it was [[banned]] in '''[[Boston]]''' to celebrate [[Christmas]] because the [[Pilgrims]] saw it as a "[[corruption|corrupt]] holiday"? ===Audrey Hepburn=== [[File:Audrey Hepburn 1956om (cropped).jpg|100px|right]] *...that '''[[Audrey Hepburn]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first person to be an [[List of EGOT winners|EGOT winner]] [[posthumously]]? ===Beagle=== * ... that a 2019 research found that '''[[Beagle|beagles]]''' could detect [[lung cancer]] with 97% accuracy? ===Lilo & Stitch=== * ... that the 2002 movie '''''[[Lilo & Stitch]]''''' was the first time that [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]] hand-drew its characters and used of [[watercolour|watercolors]] for its background since the 1940s? ===Susan Brownmiller=== * ... that the works of [[Americans|American]] [[feminist]] author '''[[Susan Brownmiller]]''' is said to have helped create laws that made it easier to criminally charge [[rape|rapists]]? ===Mike Schaefer=== * ... that when he was elected to the [[California State Board of Equalization|State Board of Equalization]] in 2018 at the age of 80, '''[[Mike Schaefer]]''' became the oldest [[California|Californian]] to serve in a state constitutional office? === Pig === [[File:Sus scrofa scrofa.jpg|right|100px]] *...that '''[[pig]]s''' ''(pictured)'' can be taught to play [[video game]]s? ===Catholic Church=== * ... that the '''[[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic Church]]''' has the oldest continuously used legal system in the world? ===Chuck Grassley=== [[File:Chuck Grassley official photo 2017.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that with over 40 years in the [[U.S. Senate]], '''[[Chuck Grassley]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the longest serving [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] senator in [[History of the United States|U.S. history]]? ===Lee Zeldin=== * ... that in 2022, while running for [[Governor of New York|New York Governor]], then-[[U.S. Representative]] '''[[Lee Zeldin]]''' was attacked by a [[drunk]] man who later said he did not know who Zeldin was? ===Sara Duterte=== [[File:2024-04-10 – PBBM to highlight economic cooperation, defense and maritime cooperation in historic trilateral meeting with US, Japan (03) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Sara Duterte]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Vice President of the Philippines]] to be [[impeachment|impeached]]? ===Cori Bush=== * ... that in 2021, [[nurse|registered nurse]] '''[[Cori Bush]]''' became the first [[African American]] woman to represent [[Missouri]] in the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Sussan Ley=== [[File:SL - 2012 Profile.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Sussan Ley]]''' ''(pictured)'' became [[Australia|Australia's]] first female [[Leader of the Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal Party Leader]] and [[Leader of the Opposition (Australia)|Opposition Leader]]? ===Pope Leo XIV=== * ... that '''[[Pope Leo XIV]]''' picked his papal name because of [[Pope Leo XIII]] and the "cultural shifts" the [[Roman Catholic church]] might see through [[artificial intelligence]] and [[robotics]]? ===Wesley Bell=== [[File:Rep. Wesley Bell Official Portrait.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2019, future-[[Missouri]] [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Wesley Bell]]''' ''(pictured)'' became [[St. Louis County, Missouri|St. Louis County's]] first [[African Americans|Black]] [[attorney|prosecuting attorney]]? ===Peter Dutton=== * ... that in [[2025 Australian federal election|2025]], '''[[Peter Dutton]]''' became the first [[List of Australian Leaders of the Opposition|Australian opposition leader]] to lose their [[Australian House of Representatives|parliamentary seat]] at an election? ===JB Pritzker=== [[File:JB Pritzker 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... when he was [[2022 Illinois gubernatorial election|re-elected in 2022]], [[Governor of Illinois|Illinois Governor]] '''[[JB Pritzker]]''' ''(pictured)'' had the highest vote share for any [[United States|U.S.]] [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] governor in more than 60 years? ===Toni Breidinger=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Toni Breidinger]]''' became the first [[NASCAR]] driver to model for [[Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue|''Sports Illustrated''<nowiki/>'s Swimsuit Issue]]? ===Rashida Tlaib=== [[File:Tlaib Rashida 119th Congress.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2018, '''[[Rashida Tlaib]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Muslim]] woman and the first [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]]-[[Americans|American]] woman elected to the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Anthony Albanese=== * ... that in [[2025 Australian federal election|2025]], '''[[Anthony Albanese]]''' became the first [[Prime Minister of Australia|Australian prime minister]] to win re-election since [[John Howard]] in [[2004 Australian federal election|2004]]? ===Friedrich Merz=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Friedrich Merz]]''' became the first post-war [[Chancellor of Germany|German chancellor]] not to receive the needed [[German Bundestag|confirmation votes]] in the first round of voting? ===Nicușor Dan=== [[File:Nicușor Dan 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2020, two-time [[International Mathematical Olympiad]] champion '''[[Nicușor Dan]]''' ''(pictured)'' was elected as [[Bucharest|Bucharest's]] first [[Independent politician|independent]] mayor? ===1755 Cape Ann earthquake=== * ... that the '''[[1755 Cape Ann earthquake]]''' in [[Massachusetts]] could be felt as far north as [[Nova Scotia]] in [[Canada]] and as far south as [[South Carolina]]? ===Richard Pryor=== [[File:Richard Pryor 1973 (cropped).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that in 1980, comedian '''[[Richard Pryor]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first black actor to earn a million dollars for a single movie when he starred in ''[[Stir Crazy (movie)|Stir Crazy]]''? ===Mike Waltz=== * ... that '''[[Mike Waltz]]''' was the first [[Americans|American]] [[United States Congress|congress member]] to call for a full [[United States|U.S.]] [[boycott]] of the [[2022 Winter Olympics]] in [[Beijing]] for the [[China|country's]] [[persecution of Uyghurs in China|persecution of Uyghurs]]? ===Dick Durbin=== [[File:Dick Durbin 2022 official portrait (cropped) 2.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Illinois]] [[U.S. Senator]] '''[[Dick Durbin]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the longest-serving [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate party whip]] in [[History of the United States|U.S. history]]? ===Ali France=== * ... that [[2025 Australian federal election|in 2025]], '''[[Ali France]]''' became the first person in [[History of Australia|Australian history]] to defeat an [[Leader of the Opposition (Australia)|opposition leader]] in a [[Australian House of Representatives|parliamentary election]]? === Hydrogen === [[File:Shuttle Main Engine Test Firing cropped edited and reduced.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[hydrogen]]''' fires ''(pictured)'', while being extremely hot, are almost invisible to [[human]]s, leading to accidental burns? === Water === * ... that 12 billion [[light year]]s away around a [[quasar]] there is a giant cloud of '''[[water]]''' with 140 trillion times more water than all the water on [[Earth]]? ===Michael Bloomberg=== [[File:Michael Bloomberg 2022 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2020, former [[Mayor of New York City|New York City Mayor]] '''[[Michael Bloomberg]]''' ''(pictured)'' spent the most money spent on a presidential primary campaign in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===Tammy Duckworth=== [[File:Tammy Duckworth, official portrait, 115th Congress (cropped)2.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2004, future [[Illinois]] [[U.S. Senator]] '''[[Tammy Duckworth]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Americans|American]] female [[Amputation|double amputee]] from the [[Iraq War]]? === False memory === *...that [[experiment]]s have shown that people can be made to '''[[False memory|remember events that did not take place]]'''? ===Robert F. Kennedy Jr.=== * ... that in 2013, future [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services|U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services]] '''[[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]]''' helped the [[Chipewyan|Chipewyan First Nation]] to protect their land from [[tar sands]] production? ===Catholic Church sexual abuse cases=== * ... that a study found that 81% of the victims of the '''[[Catholic Church sexual abuse cases]]''' between 1950 and the early 2000s were male? === False memory === *...that [[experiment]]s have shown that people can be made to '''[[False memory|remember events that did not take place]]'''? ===Juliana Stratton=== [[File:National Lieutenant Governor's Association (52766342026) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2020, [[Lieutenant Governor of Illinois|Illinois Lieutenant Governor]] '''[[Juliana Stratton]]''' ''(pictured)'' was one of the first customers to buy [[recreation|recreational]] [[cannabis (drug)|cannabis]] in the [[Illinois|state]]? ===Tony Evers=== * ... that in 2023, [[Governor of Wisconsin|Wisconsin Governor]] '''[[Tony Evers]]''' made a [[veto|line-item veto]] to the [[Wisconsin|state]] budget that increased school funding of $325 until the year 2425? ===Sean Baker=== [[File:Sean Baker at the 2024 New York Film Festival (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, filmmaker '''[[Sean Baker]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first person to win four [[Academy Awards]] for the [[Anora (movie)|same movie]]? ===Philippe of Belgium=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Philippe of Belgium]]''' publicly criticized [[Pope Francis]] during a welcome address of him over the [[Catholic Church sexual abuse cases|sexual abuses]] done by the [[Roman Catholic Church]] in [[Belgium]]? ===Conclave (movie)=== * ... that viewership for the 2024 movie '''''[[Conclave (movie)|Conclave]]''''' went up 283% on [[streaming media|streaming platforms]] following [[Death and funeral of Pope Francis|the death]] of [[Pope Francis]] in April 2025? ===Karoline Leavitt=== [[File:Karoline Leavitt by Gage Skidmore 2 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at the age of 27, '''[[Karoline Leavitt]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the youngest [[White House Press Secretary]] in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===John Ratcliffe=== * ... that in 2019, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found out that then-[[Director of National Intelligence|National Intelligence Director]] nominee '''[[John Ratcliffe]]''' lied about arresting "300 [[Illegal immigration|illegal immigrants]] in a single day"? ===Salem Witch Trials=== *...that some of the '''[[Salem Witch Trials]]''' only lasted 15 minutes, and resulted in people being found guilty and [[death penalty|executed]]? ===Susie Wiles=== [[File:Susie Wiles 2025 (edited crop).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Susie Wiles]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first ever female [[White House Chief of Staff]] in [[American history]]? ===Paper Mario: Color Splash=== * ... that [[Nintendo of America]] accidentally made '''''[[Paper Mario: Color Splash]]''''' available to play two weeks early? ===Austria=== * ... that the first [[postcard]]s were issued in '''[[Austria]]''' in 1869? ===Cory Booker=== [[File:Cory Booker, official portrait (119th Congress).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, at 25 hours and five minutes long, '''[[Cory Booker]]''' ''(pictured)'' made the longest speech in the history of the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]]? ===Super Mario Bros. theme=== * ... that in 2023, the '''[[Super Mario Bros. theme|''Super Mario Bros.'' theme]]''' became the first [[video game music]] track to be preserved by the U.S. [[Library of Congress]]? ===Doug Collins (politician)=== [[File:Official portrait of Douglas Collins, U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs.jpeg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs|U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs]] '''[[Doug Collins (politician)|Doug Collins]]''' ''(pictured)'' was a [[United States Navy|navy]] [[chaplain]] before entering politics? ===Air Force One (movie)=== * ... that in 2016, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' named [[Harrison Ford|Harrison Ford's]] character in the 1997 movie '''''[[Air Force One (movie)|Air Force One]]''''' the "greatest fictional [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] of all time"? ===Elise Stefanik=== [[File:Elise Stefanik, 115th official photo.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2014 at the age of 30, '''[[Elise Stefanik]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the youngest woman and youngest [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] ever elected to the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Malta=== * ... that at 316 [[Square kilometre|sq km]], '''[[Malta]]''' is the smallest country in the [[European Union]]? ===Patty Murray=== [[File:Patty Murray, official portrait, 113th Congress.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2023, [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] '''[[Patty Murray]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first female [[President pro tempore of the United States Senate]]? ===Mike Johnson=== * ... that [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker]] '''[[Mike Johnson]]''' has less experience in the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] than any other speaker since 1883? ===Fernanda Torres=== [[File:ImStillHereBFILFF131024 (4 of 36) (54065967346) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Fernanda Torres]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Brazilian people|Brazilian]], [[Latin America|Latin American]], and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese-speaking]] actor to win the [[Golden Globe Award|Golden Globe for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama]]? ===Greece=== * ... that almost 80% of '''[[Greece]]''' is made up by [[mountain|mountainous terrain]]? ===Linda McMahon=== [[File:Linda McMahon 2025 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Linda McMahon]]''' ''(pictured)'' changed [[WWE|WWE's]] [[TV Parental Guidelines|television rating]] from TV-14 to PG to attract a young generation of [[wrestling]] fans? ===Lori Chavez-DeRemer=== * ... that '''[[Lori Chavez-DeRemer]]''' lost to [[Janelle Bynum]] three times when she ran for the [[Oregon House of Representatives|Oregon State House]] and the [[U.S. House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representative]] in different elections? ===Mia Love=== [[File:Mia Love Congressional Photo.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2015, '''[[Mia Love]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[African American|Black]] [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] woman elected to the [[United States Congress]]? ===Liechtenstein=== * ... that in 1969, [[NASA]] gave '''[[Liechtenstein]]''' [[moon|moon rocks]] and a [[Flag of Liechtenstein|national flag]] that had been on the moon to thank them for their support from a local company during the [[Apollo 11]] mission? ===9 Songs=== * ... that the 2004 British romantic drama movie '''''[[9 Songs]]''''' included scenes of its two main actors actually having [[sexual intercourse]] and performing [[oral sex]] as well as a scene of [[ejaculation]]? ===Mark Carney=== [[File:Prime Minister Boris Johnson meets with Mark Carney No.10 Downing Street (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Mark Carney]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first person to become [[Prime Minister of Canada]] without holding elected public office before? ===SpongeBob SquarePants=== * ... that in 2025, '''''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]''''' became the longest-running [[United States|American]] [[children's animation|children's animated]] series? ===Muhsin Hendricks=== * ... that '''[[Muhsin Hendricks]]''' was called the world's first [[openly gay]] [[imam]]? ===Brooke Rollins=== [[File:Brooke Rollins 2025 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States Secretary of Agriculture|U.S. Secretary of Agriculture]] '''[[Brooke Rollins]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first female student body president at her ''[[alma mater]]'' [[Texas A&M University]]? ===Hurricane (dog)=== * ... that '''[[Hurricane (dog)|Hurricane]]''', a [[United States Secret Service|U.S. Secret Service]]-trained [[dog]] who protected President [[Barack Obama]] in 2014, was thought to be the most [[decoration|decorated]] dog in [[American history]]? ===Kash Patel=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Kash Patel]]''' became the youngest person and the first [[Asian Americans|Asian-American]] to become [[Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation]]? ===Emperor Penguins=== [[File:Aptenodytes forsteri MHNT.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Emperor penguin|emperor penguins]] ''' ''(egg pictured)'' are the only [[bird|birds]] in the world that can lay their [[egg|eggs]] on [[ice]]? ===Stockholm=== * ... that '''[[Stockholm]]''' is built on fourteen islands and is connected by fifty-seven bridges? ===Scott Turner (politician)=== * ... that [[United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development|U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development]] '''[[Scott Turner (politician)|Scott Turner]]''' once played for the [[National Football League|NFL]] and was a [[United States Congress|congressional]] [[intern]] afterwards? ===Mikey Madison=== [[File:Mikey Madison at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Mikey Madison]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Gen Z]] actress to win an [[Academy Award]]? ===R. Budd Dwyer=== * ... that in 1987, [[Pennsylvania]] [[lawmaker]] '''[[R. Budd Dwyer]]''' publicly [[suicide|committed suicide]] during a live press conference, which was [[broadcasting|broadcasted]] throughout the state? ===Sean Duffy=== * ... that before entering politics, [[United States Secretary of Transportation|U.S. Secretary of Transportation]] '''[[Sean Duffy]]''' was a cast member of the [[MTV]] [[reality television]] series ''[[The Real World|The Real World: Boston]]''? === Miss Meyers === * ... that racehorse '''[[Miss Meyers]]''' only started racing well after she turned four years old, then won what would be $156,000 today in the same year? ===Drug cartel=== * ... that a 2025 report by the [[United States Department of Justice|U.S. Department of Justice]] found that 74% of [[firearms]] used by the '''[[Drug cartel|Mexican drug cartels]]''' came from the [[United States]]? ===Frankétienne=== [[File:Jean Laposte 2 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1975, '''[[Frankétienne]]''' ''(pictured)'' wrote the first novel entirely written in [[Haitian Creole]]? ===Doughtnuts=== *...that [[Canada]] has the most '''[[doughnut]]''' shops per person? ===European Union=== * ... that the '''[[European Union]]''' is the world's largest single-market and would be the third largest country in the world if it were independent? ===Howard Lutnick=== [[File:Howard Lutnick (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States Secretary of Commerce|U.S. Secretary of Commerce]] '''[[Howard Lutnick]]''' ''(pictured)'' survived the [[Collapse of the World Trade Center|collapse]] of the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] during the [[September 11 attacks]]? ===Thutmose II=== * ... that in 2022, the discovery of the [[tomb]] of '''[[Thutmose II]]''' became the first royal tomb to be discovered since [[King Tutankhamun|King Tutankhamun's]] in 1922? ===Souleymane Cissé=== * ... that '''[[Souleymane Cissé]]''' is the first director from [[sub-Saharan Africa]] to receive an award at the [[Cannes Film Festival]]? ===Alice Weidel=== [[File:2019-09-01 Wahlabend Sachsen by Sandro Halank–039.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Alice Weidel]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[lesbian]] to serve as a leader candidate for the [[Alternative for Germany|Alternative for Germany Party]]? ===Pete Hegseth=== * ... that [[United States Secretary of Defense|U.S. Secretary of Defense]] '''[[Pete Hegseth]]''' volunteered to be a [[National Guard (United States)|National Guard]] for [[Joe Biden|Joe Biden's]] [[Inauguration of Joe Biden|inauguration in 2021]], but was removed for posting [[Extremism|extremist views]] online? ===Klaus Iohannis=== [[File:Клаус Йоханнис (52539721210).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Klaus Iohannis]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[President of Romania]] belonging to an [[Ethnic group|ethnic minority]]? ===Athens=== * ... that '''[[Athens]]''' is [[Europe|Europe's]] oldest continuously active [[capital city]]? ===Saturday Night Live=== * ... that as of 2022, '''''[[Saturday Night Live]]''''' had received more than 305 [[Primetime Emmy Award]] nominations, the most received by any television program? ===Friedrich Merz=== [[File:2025-02-17 ARD-Wahlarena zur Bundestagswahl 2025 by Sandro Halank–050.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Chancellor of Germany|German Chancellor]] '''[[Friedrich Merz]]''' ''(pictured)'' is a licensed pilot and owns two airplanes? ===Luxembourg=== * ... that in 2020, '''[[Luxembourg]]''' became the first country in the world to make all [[public transport]] free to use? ===Ed Broadbent=== [[File:Ed Broadbent in 2019 (3x4 crop).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that the [[state funeral]] of '''[[Ed Broadbent]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first for a [[Canada|Canadian]] [[political party|party leader]] who was never [[Prime Minister of Canada|prime minister]] or [[Leader of the Opposition (Canada)|opposition leader]]? ===Gisèle Pelicot=== * ... that in 2020, '''[[Gisèle Pelicot]]''' discovered that she was being [[Rapes of Gisèle Pelicot|drugged and raped by her husband and 83 other men]] for nine years? ===Roberta Metsola=== [[File:Roberta Metsola 2022.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that in 2022, '''[[Roberta Metsola]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first woman and youngest person to be elected [[President of the European Parliament]]? ===Texas=== * ... that before becoming a [[States of the U.S.|U.S. state]] in 1845, '''[[Texas]]''' was its [[Republic of Texas|own country]] for almost ten years? ===Manneken Pis=== *...that the statue '''[[Manneken Pis]]''' in [[Brussels]], which shows a boy [[urination|urinating]] into a fountain, also inspired other similar figures in Brussels? ===Caroline Chew=== [[File:Carolinechew.jpg|right|100px]] *...that '''[[Caroline Chew]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Singapore]]an [[equestrian]] to be in the [[Olympic Games]]? ===Peru=== * ... that '''[[Peru]]''' is where [[potatoes]] were first [[gardening|cultivated]] by [[Inca Empire|the Incas]]? ===Dora Bakoyannis=== [[File:Dora Bakoyannis-headshot.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Dora Bakoyannis]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first female mayor of [[Athens]] and the first female mayor of a city to have hosted the [[Olympic Games]]? ===New York (state)=== * ... that the [[States of the U.S.|U.S. state]] of '''[[New York (state)|New York]]''' has over 70,000 miles of [[river]]s and [[stream]]s? ===Donn Moomaw=== [[File:Donn Moomaw 1951 (full).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Donn Moomaw]]''' ''(pictured)'' refused to play with the [[Los Angeles Rams]] since they played on Sundays and later became a [[Presbyterian]] [[Minister (Christianity)|minister]]? ===Bart De Wever=== * ... that '''[[Bart De Wever]]''' is the first [[Flemish Movement|Flemish nationalist]] to become [[Prime Minister of Belgium]]? ===Joe Lieberman=== [[File:Joe Lieberman official Senate portrait Retouched.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that in [[2000 United States presidential election|2000]], [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] '''[[Joe Lieberman]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first practicing [[Jewish|Jew]] to run for [[Vice President of the United States|vice president]]? ===Aga Khan IV=== * ... that in 2014, '''[[Aga Khan IV]]''' became the first faith leader to address a joint session of the [[Parliament of Canada]]? ===Fernanda Montenegro=== [[File:Fernanda Montenegro em 2015 cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Fernanda Montenegro]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Brazilian people|Brazilian]] to be nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Actress]]? ===Ralph Lauren=== [[File:Ralph Lauren 3x4.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Ralph Lauren]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[fashion designer]] to be honored with the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]]? ===Nicaragua=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Nicaragua]]''' became a [[diarchy]] with [[Daniel Ortega]] and his wife [[Rosario Murillo]] becoming [[President of Nicaragua|co-presidents]]? ===Pam Bondi=== [[File:Pam Bondi 2018.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States Attorney General]] '''[[Pam Bondi]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first woman to be elected [[Florida Attorney General|Florida state attorney general]]? ===Kelly Loeffler=== * ... that former [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] '''[[Kelly Loeffler]]''' once owned the [[Atlanta Dream]] [[basketball|basketball team]], but sold it in 2021 because of her opinions of the [[Black Lives Matter|Black Lives Matter movement]]? ===Chappell Roan=== [[File:Chappell Roan @ Hollywood Palladium 11 18 2022 (53886800138).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that singer-songwriter '''[[Chappell Roan]]''' ''(pictured)'' got her [[stage name]] from her grandfather Dennis Chappell and his favorite song, "The Strawberry Roan"? ===Dick Button=== * ... that [[Emmy Award]]-winning sports commentator '''[[Dick Button]]''' is the only [[Americans|American]] man to win the [[European Figure Skating Championships]]? ===Usha Vance=== [[File:Usha Vance, official portrait (2025) (cropped reasonable).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, lawyer '''[[Usha Vance]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Indian Americans|Indian-American]] and first [[Millennials|Millennial]] [[Second ladies and gentlemen of the United States|U.S. Second Lady]] in [[American history]]? ===Chris Wright=== * ... that in 2019, future [[United States Secretary of Energy|U.S. Energy Secretary]] '''[[Chris Wright]]''' drank [[fracking|fracking fluid]] to prove it was not dangerous? ===Algeria=== * ... that '''[[Algeria]]''' is the largest country in [[Africa]]? ===Marco Rubio=== [[File:Official portrait of Secretary Marco Rubio, January 2025.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, [[United States Secretary of State|U.S. Secretary of State]] '''[[Marco Rubio]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the highest-ranking [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic American]] official in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===Ahmed al-Sharaa=== * ... that the [[United States]] had a $10 million [[bounty (reward)|bounty]] against '''[[Ahmed al-Sharaa]]''', however removed it when he became the [[Syrian transitional government|Syrian transitional]] [[President of Syria|leader]] in [[Fall of Damascus|2024]]? ===Richard Williamson (bishop)=== [[File:Bishop Richard Williamson.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Auxiliary bishop]] '''[[Richard Williamson (bishop)|Richard Williamson]]''' ''(pictured)'' had his [[excommunicated|excommunication]] lifted in 2009 by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] only to be excommunicated again in 2013 for his [[Holocaust denial]] views? ===Charli D'Amelio=== [[File:Charli D'Amelio at KCAs 2023 01.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2020, '''[[Charli D'Amelio]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[TikTok]] celebrity to have a both 50 million followers and 100 million followers? ===January 20–22, 2025 Gulf Coast blizzard=== * ... that the '''[[January 20–22, 2025 Gulf Coast blizzard]]''' was the first recorded [[blizzard]] on the [[Gulf Coast]] ever? ===Scott Bessent=== [[File:Scott Bessent, official portrait (2025) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, [[United States Secretary of the Treasury|U.S. Treasury Secretary]] '''[[Scott Bessent]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the highest-ranking openly [[LGBT|LGBT person]] in [[American history]]? ===Lynn Ban=== * ... that jewelry designer '''[[Lynn Ban]]''' agreed to appear on the [[Netflix]] reality show ''[[Bling Empire: New York]]'' to go against the "[[stereotype]]s of ''[[Crazy Rich Asians (movie)|Crazy Rich Asians]]''"? ===Valerie André=== * ... that in 1976, [[French resistance|resistance]] official '''[[Valerie André]]''' became the first female member of the [[French Army|French military]] to become [[General Officer]]? ===Lluvia de Peces=== * ... that in the small town of [[Honduras|Yoro, Honduras]], residents experience "'''[[Lluvia de Peces]]'''" or "Rain of Fish" annually? ===Belly dance=== *...that in 2006, [[Hamas]] outlawed '''[[Belly dance|bellydancing]]''' because they saw it as [[islam|unislamic]]? ===Second inauguration of Donald Trump=== * ... that the '''[[Second inauguration of Donald Trump|second inauguration of Donald Trump]]''' is the first to be held indoors in the [[United States Capitol]] since [[Ronald Reagan|Ronald Reagan's]] [[Second inauguration of Ronald Reagan|second inauguration in 1985]]? ===Cormac McCarthy=== [[File:Cormac McCarthy (The Orchard Keeper author portrait).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that '''[[Cormac McCarthy]]''' ''(pictured)'', whose novel was [[No Country for Old Men (movie)|made into an Academy Award-winning movie]], was called the "best unknown novelist in [[United States|America]]" and rarely had an [[agent]]? ===Wendell Berry=== * ... that in 2015, '''[[Wendell Berry]]''' became the first living writer to be added to the [[Kentucky Writers Hall of Fame]]? ===January 2025 Southern California wildfires=== * ... that the '''[[January 2025 Southern California wildfires]]''' had multiple [[wildfires]], two of which are the second and fourth most destructive fires in [[California|California's history]]? ===William Shatner=== [[File:William Shatner Biohacker Expo 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2021 at the age of 90, ''[[Star Trek]]'' actor '''[[William Shatner]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the oldest person to fly in [[Outer space|space]]? ===António Guterres=== * ... that in 2017, former [[Prime Minister of Portugal|Portuguese Prime Minister]] '''[[António Guterres]]''' became the first national leader to become [[United Nations Secretary-General]]? ===Mark Rutte=== [[File:Mark Rutte, 23.03.23 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2010, '''[[Mark Rutte]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Liberalism|liberal]] [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands|Dutch prime minister]] since 1918? ===Benjamin Netanyahu=== * ... that in 2019, '''[[Benjamin Netanyahu]]''' became the first sitting [[Prime Minister of Israel|prime minister]] in [[Israel|Israel's]] history to be criminally charged? ===Minnesota=== * ... that the [[United States|U.S. state]] of '''[[Minnesota]]''' got its name from the [[Sioux|Sioux language]], meaning "sky-tinted water" or "cloudy water"? ===Jane Fonda=== [[File:Jane Fonda 1963.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1964, '''[[Jane Fonda]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Americans|American]] actress to have a [[nude|nude scene]] in a foreign movie? ===Valdas Adamkus=== * ... that before becoming [[President of Lithuania]], '''[[Valdas Adamkus]]''' worked for the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]] as a deputy administrator in the 1970s? ===Olivia Rodrigo=== [[File:OlivaRO2150524 (38) (53727178601) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] *...that '''[[Olivia Rodrigo]]''' ''(pictured)'' was inspired by [[Taylor Swift]] to start singing? ===iPhone 14 Pro=== * ... that in 2022, the '''[[iPhone 14 Pro]]''' became the first [[iPhone]] to have an always-on display? ===Karla Sofía Gascón=== [[File:Karla Sofia Gascon at TIFF 2024 the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Karla Sofía Gascón]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[transgender woman]] nominated for a [[Golden Globe Award]] and an [[Academy Award]]? ===Jean-Marie Le Pen=== * ... that in 2015, '''[[Jean-Marie Le Pen]]''' was banned from his own [[National Rally|political party]] by [[Marine Le Pen|his daughter]] after saying good things about the [[gas chamber]]s used in [[The Holocaust]]? ===Wolfgang Schäuble=== * ... that '''[[Wolfgang Schäuble|Wolfgang Schäuble's]]''' 2014 [[budget]] as [[Germany|Germany's]] [[Federal Ministry of Finance (Germany)|Finance Minister]] allowed the country to take on no new [[debt]] for the first time since 1969? ===PewDiePie=== [[File:Pewdiepie head shot.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2016, '''[[PewDiePie]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Youtube]]r to have 50 million subscribers? ===iPhone 8=== * ... that in 2017, the '''[[iPhone 8]]''' became the first [[iPhone]] to have a wireless charger? ===MrBeast=== [[File:CrunchLabs - MrBeast Opened the WRONG BOX!!! (MRus4BCPRyY - 0m28s) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2024, '''[[MrBeast]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the most subscribed [[Youtube]] channel after passing [[T-Series]]? ===iPhone 12 Pro=== * ... that in 2020, the '''[[iPhone 12 Pro]]''' became the first [[iPhone]] to have [[5G]]? ===Pope Clement X=== [[File:Portrait of Pope Clement X, by Giovanni Battista Gaulli (Baciccio) - Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at the age of 79, '''[[Pope Clement X]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the oldest person to be elected [[List of popes|pope]]? ===Ebenezer Scrooge=== * ... that '''[[Ebenezer Scrooge]]''', the main character of ''[[A Christmas Carol]]'', was said to have been inspired by a [[Dutch people|Dutch]] [[grave|gravedigger]]? ===Morris Dees=== [[File:Morris Dees Boston 2015 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that civil rights activist and co-founder of the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]] '''[[Morris Dees]]''' ''(pictured)'' was inspired by [[Atticus Finch]] to become a lawyer? ===Pope Benedict IX=== * ... that '''[[Pope Benedict IX]]''' was likely 12 years old when he became [[List of popes|pope]] and was pope three separate times? ===iPhone 15=== [[File:Apple iPhone 15 Pink (November 1, 2024).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2023, the '''[[IPhone 15|iPhone 15]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[iPhone]] to have a [[USB-C|USB Type C]]? ===Nude calendar=== *... that in 1999, a group of middle-aged Englishwomen posing [[nude]] to raise money for [[leukemia]] research were the first to do a '''[[Nude calendar|nude calendar for charity]]'''? ===Kristrún Frostadóttir=== [[File:Kristrún Frostadóttir 2021.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[2024 Icelandic parliamentary election|2024]] at the age of 36, '''[[Kristrún Frostadóttir]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the youngest [[Prime Minister of Iceland|prime minister]] in [[Iceland|Icelandic history]]? ===Superman (2025 movie)=== * ... that within 24 hours of its release, the [[trailer (movie)|trailer]] for the 2025 [[DC Universe (franchise)|DCU movie]] '''''[[Superman (2025 movie)|Superman]]''''' became the most viewed [[Warner Bros.]] trailer of all time with over 250 million views? ===Manmohan Singh=== [[File:Manmohan Singh 2007.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2004, '''[[Manmohan Singh]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Sikh]] to be elected [[Prime Minister of India]]? ===Chris Hoy=== * ... that six-time Olympic champion cyclist '''[[Chris Hoy]]''' was inspired to cycle at age six because of the 1982 movie ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]''? ===Valkyrae=== [[File:Valkyrae for 100 Thieves (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Valkyrae]]''' ''(pictured)'' has been [[YouTube]]'s most-watched female [[live stream|streamer]] since 2020? ===António Costa=== * ... that '''[[António Costa|António Costa's]]''' time as [[Prime Minister of Portugal]] is the longest of any national leader of the [[Iberian Peninsula]] in the [[21st century]]? ===Dragonfruit=== [[File:Fruits mûrs.JPG|100px|right]] *..that '''[[Dragonfruit|dragonfruits]]''' ''(pictured)'' are the [[fruit]] of a [[cactus]]? ===Pierre Poilievre=== * ... that after being elected to the [[Parliament of Canada]] in [[2004 Canadian federal election|2004]] at the age of 25, future [[Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)|Opposition Leader]] '''[[Pierre Poilievre]]''' was the youngest [[Member of Parliament|MP]] at the time? ===Gracie Abrams=== [[File:Gracie Abrams @ El Rey Theatre 03 05 2022 (52297975314) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that after her song "[[That's So True]]" was number six on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]], '''[[Gracie Abrams]]''' ''(pictured)'' said she wrote the song while [[intoxicated|drunk]]? ===Warren G. Harding=== * ... that in 1922, '''[[Warren G. Harding]]''' became the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to have his voice [[Transmitter|transmitted]] by radio? ===Herbert Hoover=== [[File:President Hoover portrait.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1927 while he was [[United States Secretary of Commerce|Secretary of Commerce]], '''[[Herbert Hoover]]''' ''(pictured)'' appeared on the first public [[demonstration]] of a [[broadcast|television broadcast]] in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===Calvin Coolidge=== * ... that '''[[Calvin Coolidge]]''' was the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to lead a public celebration of the [[Christmas]] holidays? ===Pink elephant=== *..that '''[[Pink elephant|pink elephants]]''' exist because of [[Albinism|albinism]]? ===Franklin Pierce=== [[File:Portrait of Franklin Pierce (by George Peter Alexander Healy, 1853).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that '''[[Franklin Pierce]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to take the [[oath of office]] on a law book instead of the bible? ===William McKinley=== * ... that '''[[William McKinley|William McKinley's]]''' [[inauguration]] was the first to be filmed, making him the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to ever be filmed? ===Michel Barnier=== [[File:Michel Barnier 2020.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2024 at the age of 73, '''[[Michel Barnier]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the oldest [[Prime Minister of France|prime minister]] in the [[French Fifth Republic]]? ===Harry S. Truman=== * ... that in 1945, '''[[Harry S. Truman]]''' became the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] in office to use [[Air Force One|air travel]] within the [[United States|country]]? ===Occupation of the Hainburger Au=== * ... that in 1984, 40,000 people took part in the '''[[Occupation of the Hainburger Au]]''' in [[Vienna]] to [[protest]] against the building of a [[power plant]]? ===Charles Dickens=== [[File:Dickens Gurney head.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Charles Dickens]]''' ''(pictured)'' made less money than expected with the sales of ''[[A Christmas Carol]]'', making £230 instead of his expected £1,000? ===Compulsory sterilization=== *...that to fight [[climate change]], the aid agency of the government of the United Kingdom still supports '''[[Compulsory sterilization|compulsory sterilization]]''' in [[India]]? ===William Henry Harrison=== [[File:William Henry Harrison daguerreotype edit.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that the [[inauguration|inaugural address]] of [[President of the United States|President]] '''[[William Henry Harrison]]''' ''(pictured)'', the first speech of his month-long presidency, is the longest in [[American history]], lasting almost two hours? ===Millard Fillmore=== * ... that in 1851, [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[Millard Fillmore]]''' personally fought a fire at the [[Library of Congress]] and then signed a [[Bill (proposed law)|bill]] to fund all the books destroyed in the fire? ===Zachary Taylor=== [[File:Zachary Taylor restored and cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Zachary Taylor]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the last [[President of the United States]] to own [[slaves]] while he was still in office? ===James Buchanan=== * ... that in 1858, [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[James Buchanan]]''' received the first [[telegram]] sent by the [[Transatlantic telegraph cable]]? ===Holly Cairns=== [[File:Holly Cairns, April 2023 (headshot).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[2020 Irish general election|2020]], future [[Social Democrats (Ireland)|Social Democrats Leader]] '''[[Holly Cairns]]''' ''(pictured)'' ran against her then-boyfriend [[Christopher O'Sullivan]] for a seat in the [[Teachta Dála]]? ===James Monroe=== * ... that '''[[James Monroe]]''' is the only [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] besides [[George Washington]] with a [[Liberia|country's]] [[Monrovia|capital]] named after him? ===Sunflower=== [[File:Helianthus whorl.jpg|right|100px]] *...that the tallest '''[[sunflower]]''' ''(pictured)'' was 9.17 [[metres]] high? ===James A. Garfield=== * ... that [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[James A. Garfield]]''' could write in [[Greek]] with his left [[hand]] and [[Latin]] with his right hand at the same time? ===Antipope Felix V=== [[File:Nuremberg chronicles f 242v 2 (Felix V).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that '''[[Antipope Felix V|Felix V]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the last [[antipope]] in the history of the [[Catholic Church]]? ===Paternalism=== *..that there was a time when [[Ford Motor Company]] checked that their [[employee]]s '''[[Paternalism|regularly went to chuch]]'''? ===Jair Bolsonaro=== [[File:Jair Bolsonaro 2021 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in November 2024, former [[President of Brazil|Brazilian President]] '''[[Jair Bolsonaro]]''' ''(pictured)'' was formally accused by the national police for having knowledge about an [[assassination|assassination plot]] against his [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva|successor]]? ===Chihuahua (dog)=== * ... that the name for '''[[Chihuahua (dog)|Chihuahuas]]''' comes from the [[Na'huatl]] word for "between two waters" and the name is older than the [[Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire|Spanish Conquest of Mexico]]? ===Nancy Reagan=== [[File:Nancy Reagan.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that after [[Ronald Reagan|her husband]] survived an [[Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan|assassination attempt]], [[First Lady of the United States|U.S. First Lady]] '''[[Nancy Reagan]]''' ''(pictured)'' hired an [[astrology|astrologer]] to review and create his schedule to make sure he would be safe? ===Pig=== * ... that '''[[Pig|pigs]]''' have the longest [[orgasm]] in [[mammals]], with an average of 30 minutes, but it can last for as long as 90 minutes? ===The Scream=== [[File:The Scream.jpg||right|100px]] *...that the famous picture, '''''[[The Scream]]''''' ''(pictured)'', is worth 55 million dollars? ===Gotham City=== * ... that '''[[Gotham City]]''', a fictional [[DC Comics]] city, is said to be in [[New Jersey]] and is inspired by [[New York City]], [[Chicago]] and [[London]]? ===Theodore Edgar McCarrick=== [[File:Theodore McCarrick 207-DP-8339A (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2018, '''[[Theodore Edgar McCarrick]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[cardinal (Catholic Church)|Cardinal]] to resign from the [[College of Cardinals]] because of [[sexual abuse]] accusations? ===Brigitte Macron=== * ... that at age 40, '''[[Brigitte Macron|Brigitte Auzière]]''' met her husband, [[Emmanuel Macron]], when he was her 15 year-old student and a classmate of her daughter? ===René Henry Gracida=== * ... that [[bishop]] '''[[René Henry Gracida]]''' [[boycott|boycotted]] [[PepsiCo]] because they used "[[Like a Prayer (song)|Like a Prayer]]" by [[Madonna]] in one of their commercials and thought it was [[Sacrilege|sacrilegious]]? ===Sarah Frey=== [[File:Sarah Frey-Talley (19494902783) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Sarah Frey]]''' ''(pictured)'', who has been called "the Pumpkin Queen of [[United States|America]]", started her [[farm]]ing company at the age of 16? ===Choking game=== *...that a '''[[choking game]]''' is different from [[erotic asphyxiation]], and that most children playing these games do this to get high without taking drugs? ===Harley Quinn=== [[File:Harley Quinn 2015 Calgary Expo – Calgary Comic & Entertainment Expo (17033582449).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[DC Comics]] villain '''[[Harley Quinn]]''' ''(pictured)'' was created for the 1992 series ''[[Batman: The Animated Series]]'' and was only meant to appear in one episode? ===Poison Ivy (character)=== * ... that [[DC Comics]] villain '''[[Poison Ivy (character)|Poison Ivy]]''' was created because there was a need for more female villains on the 1966 series ''[[Batman (TV series)|Batman]]''? ===Catwoman=== [[File:Catwoman cosplayer (33483657440) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Bob Kane|Bob Kane's]] inspirations behind [[DC Comics]] [[antihero]] '''[[Catwoman]]''' ''(pictured)'' included actresses [[Jean Harlow]], [[Hedy Lamarr]], and his own cousin? ===Carmine Falcone=== * ... that [[John Turturro]] refused to play [[DC Comics|comic]] [[mafia|mob boss]] '''[[Carmine Falcone]]''' in TV series ''[[The Penguin (TV series)|The Penguin]]'' because it showed [[violence against women]]? ===Yassamin Ansari=== * ... that [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Yassamin Ansari]]''' was the first [[Iranian Americans|Iranian American]] elected to public office in [[Arizona]] and the second elected to the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Jimmy Carter=== [[File:Words from the President (42757498962) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2024, at the age of 100, former [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[Jimmy Carter]]''' ''(pictured)'' was nominated for a [[Grammy Award]], making him the oldest nominee ever? ===Los Alamos National Laboratory=== * ... that the '''[[Los Alamos National Laboratory]]''', where the [[Manhattan Project]] happened, has almost 900 facilities, thirteen of which are [[Nuclear weapon|nuclear-related]], and costs about $39.1 billion to repair? ===Pear=== [[File:Peer 'Bonne Louise d'Avranches' (Pyrus communis).jpg|right|100px]] *...that there are 3,000 known kinds of '''[[pear]]s''' ''(pictured)'' that are grown worldwide? ===Kemi Badenoch=== [[File:Official portrait of Kemi Badenoch MP crop 2, 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[2024 Conservative Party leadership election|2024]], [[Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party Leader]] '''[[Kemi Badenoch]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Black British|black]] leader of any [[List of political parties in the United Kingdom|major political party]] in the [[United Kingdom]]? ===Popsicle=== *...that the '''[[popsicle]]''' was accidentally made by an eleven-year-old boy named Frank Epperson in 1905? ===Sarah McBride=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Sarah McBride]]''' was elected as the first openly [[transgender]] member of the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]], having already been the first transgender state senator in [[Delaware]]? ===Tulsi Gabbard=== [[File:Tulsi Gabbard, official portrait, 113th Congress (cropped 3).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Tulsi Gabbard]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Samoan Americans|Samoan American]] and the first [[Hindu]] member of the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Miranda Hart=== * ... that in 2017, '''[[Miranda Hart]]''' became the first solo female presenter for the [[Royal Variety Performance]] in 105 years? ===Richard Feynman=== * ... that [[Manhattan Project]] member and [[List of Nobel Prize winners in Physics|Nobel Prize]] winner '''[[Richard Feynman]]''' is said to have helped uncover the reasons behind the [[Space Shuttle Challenger disaster|Space Shuttle ''Challenger'' disaster]]? ===Aella (writer)=== [[File:210919 Aella A Data Driven Approach to Sex Work -hru 3 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Aella (writer)|Aella]]''' ''(pictured)'', one of the highest-earning creators on [[OnlyFans]], also does research about the "[[ecosystem]]" of online [[sex worker]]s? ===Witch child=== *...that even though the practice of '''[[Witch child|killing children suspected of witchcraft]]''' has been done in [[Africa]], children have also been ritually killed in the [[United Kingdom]] for this reason? ===Great Pacific Garbage Patch=== *...that the '''[[Great Pacific Garbage Patch]]''' is at least the size of [[Texas]] and is mostly made of [[ghost net|lost fishing nets]]? ===XXXTentacion=== [[File:XXXTENTACION mugshot 7 14 2016 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that three years after his death, five of '''[[XXXTentacion|XXXTentacion's]]''' ''(pictured)'' unreleased [[SoundCloud]] songs were released as [[Non-fungible token|NFTs]] for charity? ===Mayra Gómez Kemp=== * ... that Cuban-Spanish entertainer '''[[Mayra Gómez Kemp]]''' is believed to be the first woman to host a television quiz show? ===Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō]]''' became the [[Māori King movement|Māori Queen]] at the age of 27, younger than the [[Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani|youngest reigning monarch]] of a [[sovereign nation]]? ===D. B. Cooper=== [[File:DBCooper.jpg|100px|right]] *...that more than fifty years after he jumped from a plane he had [[Aircraft hijacking|hijacked]], '''[[D. B. Cooper|D. B Cooper's]]''' ''(pictured)'' identity is still unknown? === Annalisa === [[File:Annalisa al suo concerto al Forum di Milano.jpg|right|100px]] *...that in 2024, Italian singer '''[[Annalisa]]''' ''(pictured)'' got an [[asteroid]] named after her? ===Reagan (2024 movie)=== * ... that in 2024, [[Facebook]] stopped the biographical movie '''''[[Reagan (2024 movie)|Reagan]]''''' from releasing ads on its platform believing they were trying to impact the [[2024 United States presidential election|2024 U.S. presidential election]]? ===Herbert A. Simon=== * ... that [[economist]] '''[[Herbert A. Simon]]''' is the first person to win a [[Turing Award]] and a [[Nobel Prize]]? ===Han Kang=== [[File:Han Kang - 2017 (cropped).png|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Han Kang]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[South Korea]]n writer and first female writer from [[Asia]] to win the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]? ===Ralph Steinman=== * ... that the [[Nobel Prize|Nobel Committee]] decided that '''[[Ralph Steinman]]''', who died three days before being honored, could keep his [[List of Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine|award]] despite their rule against [[Posthumous award|posthumous recognitions]]? ===Xi Jinping=== [[File:Chinese President Xi May 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Xi Jinping]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party|Chinese leader]] born after the establishment of the [[People's Republic of China]] in 1949? ===Geoffrey Hinton=== * ... that [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel laureate]] '''[[Geoffrey Hinton]]''', who has been called the "godfather of [[Artificial intelligence|AI]]", stopped working for [[Google]] in 2023 to 'freely' talk about the risks of [[AI]]? ===Narendra Modi=== [[File:PM Modi Portrait(cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2014, '''[[Narendra Modi]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Prime Minister of India|Indian prime minister]] to be born after the [[India|country's]] [[Independence Day (India)|independence]] from the [[British Empire]]? ===Donald Sutherland=== * ... that '''[[Donald Sutherland]]''' agreed to play [[Coriolanus Snow]] in ''[[The Hunger Games (movie)|The Hunger Games]]'' because he wanted younger viewers to start a [[Revolution|revolutionary movement]] in the [[United States]]? ===Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands=== [[File:Willem-Alexander Claus George Ferdinand (Isaac Herzog visit to the Netherlands) Portrait.jpeg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2013, '''[[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|King Willem-Alexander]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[List of monarchs of the Netherlands|male monarch]] of [[the Netherlands]] since 1890? ===Dick Schoof=== * ... that in August 2024, [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands|Dutch Prime Minister]] '''[[Dick Schoof]]''' banned members of his [[cabinet]] from using cellphones during meetings to stop the threat of [[espionage]]? ===Amazing Grace=== * ... that the new [[verse]]s in '''"[[Amazing Grace]]"''' that [[Harriet Beecher Stowe]] wrote in ''[[Uncle Tom's Cabin]]'' were passed down in [[African-American]] communities and churches? ===Sabrina Carpenter=== [[File:Sabrina Carpenter - O2 Arena 2025 - 049 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Sabrina Carpenter]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first female artist to hold the number one and two positions on the [[UK Singles Chart|UK singles chart]] for three weeks in a row? ===Sir William Ramsay=== * ... that after discovering [[helium]], [[neon]], [[argon]], [[krypton]], and [[xenon]], '''[[William Ramsay|Sir William Ramsay]]''' helped make [[noble gas]]es a new group in the [[periodic table]]? ===Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki=== * ... that there were about 160 people who were present and survived both of the '''[[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki]]'''? ===Krypton=== *...that the [[chemical element|element]] '''[[Krypton]]''' was found in 1898, but it took over 60 years to find a [[chemical compound]] of Krypton? ===Bernard Hill=== [[File:Bernard Hill cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Bernard Hill]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the only actor to appear in two of the three movies with the most [[Academy Awards]] of all time? ===Teddy bear=== * ... that '''[[Teddy bear|teddy bears]]''' are named after [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[Theodore Roosevelt|Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt]] because he refused to kill a [[bear]] during a hunting event? ===John Hickenlooper=== * ... that before becoming [[Colorado|Colorado's]] [[Governor of Colorado|governor]] and [[United States Senate|senator]], '''[[John Hickenlooper]]''' opened the state's first [[brewpub]]? ===Al Capone=== [[File:Al Capone in 1930.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that a few years after he was released from [[prison]], '''[[Al Capone]]''' ''(pictured)'' had the mental capacity of a 12-year-old even though he was over 40 years old? ===Denver=== * ... that '''[[Denver]]''' is [[nickname]]d the "Mile High City" because its official [[elevation]] is exactly one mile [[above sea level]]? ===Manila=== * ... that '''[[Manila]]''' was established as a [[Muslim]] settlement in the 13th century and later as a Spanish [[colony|colonial]] city in 1571? ===Shigeru Ishiba=== [[File:Ishiba Shigeru 20241001 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1986, future [[Prime Minister of Japan|Japanese Prime Minister]] '''[[Shigeru Ishiba]]''' ''(pictured)'' was elected to the [[House of Representatives (Japan)|House of Representatives]] at age 29, becoming the youngest House member at the time? ===Moulin Rouge=== * ... that about 800 bottles of [[Champagne (wine)|champagne]] are consumed during a typical day at the '''[[Moulin Rouge]]''', likely making it the largest single consumer of champagne in the world? ===Kesaria Abramidze=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Kesaria Abramidze]]''', the first person in the country [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] to admit to being [[transgender]], was murdered a day after the country passed an anti-[[LGBTQ+]] [[Bill (proposed law)|bill]]? ===Ana Brnabić=== [[File:Ana Brnabić 2023.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2017, '''[[Ana Brnabić]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first woman and the first openly [[gay]] person elected as [[Prime Minister of Serbia|Serbian Prime Minister]]? ===Lee Grant=== * ... that '''[[Lee Grant]]''' is the only [[Academy Award]]-winning actor to also direct an Academy Award-winning [[documentary]]? ===Droupadi Murmu=== * ... that '''[[Droupadi Murmu]]''' is the first person born after [[India|India's]] [[Indian independence movement|independence]] in 1947 to have been [[2022 Indian presidential election|elected]] [[President of India|president]]? ===Anna Kendrick=== [[File:Anna Kendrick May 2016.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1998, '''[[Anna Kendrick]]''' ''(pictured)'' was nominated for the [[Tony Award|Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical]] at the age of 12? ===Sophie Wells=== * ... that, even though she won ten [[Paralympic Games|Paralympic]] medals in [[para-equestrian|equestrian]], '''[[Sophie Wells]]''' is [[allergy|allergic]] to horses? ===Anne Hathaway=== * ... that [[Academy Award]]-winning actress '''[[Anne Hathaway]]''' originally wanted to be a [[Catholic]] [[nun]]? ===Otis Davis=== [[File:Otis Davis (1960).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[1960 Summer Olympics|1960]], '''[[Otis Davis]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first man to break the 45-second barrier during a [[400 metres|400 m event]] at the [[Summer Olympics]]? ===Margot Robbie=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Margot Robbie]]''' was named by ''[[Forbes]]'' as the world's highest-paid actress in 2023, with earnings of $78 million? ===Nestor Makhno=== [[File:1921. Нестор Махно в лагере для перемещенных лиц в Румынии (cropped).jpg|100px|right]] *...that '''[[Nestor Makhno]]''' ''(pictured)'' fought against both the [[White Army]] and the [[Red Army]] during the [[Russian Civil War]]? ===Montgomery Bus Boycott=== *...that in 1955, [[Rosa Parks]] was [[arrest]]ed, because she did not give up a '''[[Montgomery bus boycott|seat in a public bus]]'''? ===Audrey Hepburn=== [[File:Audrey Hepburn Roman Holiday cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Audrey Hepburn]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first actress to win an [[Academy Award]], a [[Golden Globe Award]] and a [[BAFTA Award]] for the same role? ===Sir John Gielgud=== * ... that in 1991 at the age of 87, '''[[John Gielgud|Sir John Gielgud]]''' became the oldest [[List of EGOT winners|EGOT winner]] and the first [[LGBT]] person to become one? ===Rita Moreno=== [[File:Rita Moreno in 2000.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Rita Moreno]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Latin America]]n woman to win an [[Academy Award]]? ===The Crown (TV series)=== * ... that the [[Netflix]] [[Emmy Award]]-winning series '''''[[The Crown (TV series)|The Crown]]''''' is an adaptation of the [[West End theatre|West End]] stage play ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]''? === Clipperton Island === *... that '''[[Clipperton Island]]''' has a [[France|French]] [[postal code]], even though [[Desert island|no one lives there]]? ===Richard Rodgers=== [[File:Rodgers.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that American composer '''[[Richard Rodgers]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first person to win [[List of EGOT winners|an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar and a Tony Award]]? ===Parasite (2019 movie)=== * ... that the 2019 [[Korean language]] movie '''''[[Parasite (2019 movie)|Parasite]]''''' was the first non-English movie to win the [[Academy Award for Best Picture]]? === Galápagos Islands === [[File:Galapagos+map.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the '''[[Galápagos Islands]]''' ''(pictured)'' of [[Ecuador]] are famous for inspiring [[Charles Darwin]]'s theory of [[evolution]] by [[natural selection]]? ===Alex Jennings=== * ... that '''[[Alex Jennings]]''' is the only actor to have won the [[Laurence Olivier Award|Olivier Award]]s in the drama, musical and comedy categories? ===James Earl Jones=== [[File:James Earl Jones Baltimore.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1991, '''[[James Earl Jones]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first actor to win two [[Emmy Award]]s in the same year? ===Jeffrey Titford=== * ... that former [[UK Independence Party|UKIP Leader]] '''[[Jeffrey Titford]]''', who was called "the father of [[Brexit]]", was a [[funeral director]] before starting politics? ===Peter Dutton=== * ... that in 2022, [[Leader of the Opposition (Australia)|Australian Opposition Leader]] '''[[Peter Dutton]]''' became the first [[Liberal Party of Australia#Federal Parliamentary Leaders of the Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal Party Leader]] to come from [[Queensland]]? === Koala === [[File:Koala climbing tree.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the '''[[koala]]''' ''(pictured)'' sleeps up to 20 hours a [[day]] because its eucalyptus leaf [[diet]] provides little [[energy]]? ===Mahathir Mohamad=== * ... that in 2018, when '''[[Mahathir Mohamad]]''' became the [[Prime Minister of Malaysia|Malaysian Prime Minister]] again at the age of 92, he also became the world's oldest serving state leader? === Statue of Liberty === [[File:Statue of Liberty 7.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the '''[[Statue of Liberty]]''' ''(pictured)'' was a gift from [[France]] to the [[United States]] in 1886 to celebrate [[United States Declaration of Independence|100 years of independence]]? === Shark === [[File:Great white shark south africa.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that '''[[shark]]s''' ''(pictured)'' have been around for over 400 million years, long before [[dinosaur]]s appeared? ===Ny-Ålesund=== *...that the most northerly [[post office]] in the world is in '''[[Ny-Ålesund]]'''? ===Po (river)=== [[File:View of the Po from Turin.jpg|right|100px]] *...that the '''[[Po (river)|Po River]]''' ''(pictured)'' stretches through five [[Italy|Italian]] cities? ===Lightning=== *...that a bolt of '''[[lightning]]''' can reach [[temperature]]s hotter than the surface of the [[sun]]? ===George VI=== [[File:H.R.H. King George VI and Queen Elizabeth visit the Canadian Pavilion at the World's Fair (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1939, '''[[George VI]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[reign]]ing [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|British monarch]] to visit the [[United States]]? ===Lord Mountbatten=== * ... that many historians believe that in 1968, '''[[Lord Mountbatten]]''', uncle of [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Philip]], was planning a [[coup d'état]] against [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]] [[Harold Wilson]]? ===Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon=== * ... that '''[[Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon]]''' was the first member of the [[British royal family|royal family]] in direct line of succession to be born in [[Scotland]] since the 1600s? ===Diana, Princess of Wales=== [[File:Princess Diana at Accord Hospice.png|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Diana, Princess of Wales]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first [[English people|Englishwoman]] to marry the [[Heir apparent|first-in-line]] to the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|British throne]] since the 1680s? ===Slave breeding in the United States=== *...that when [[slave]] [[import]]s to the [[United States]] were not allowed at the beginning of the 19th century, slaves were '''[[Slave breeding in the United States|bred like cattle]]'''? ===Pope=== *...that the '''[[Pope]]''' cannot be an [[organ donor]]? ===Traffic light=== [[File:東日本大震災から半年後の仙台８ Six Months after The East Japan Earthquake in Sendai8 (8561424208).jpg|right|100px]] *...the '''[[traffic light|traffic lights]]''' are [[blue]] in [[Japan]] ''(pictured)'' because ''ao'' in [[Japanese language|Japanese]] means both [[green]] or blue? ===Tea=== * ... that the country that is '''[[tea|tea's]]''' biggest maker and drinker is [[India]]? ===Concert=== * ... that the [[world]]’s longest '''[[concert]]''' lasted 453 [[hour]]s? ===Rodolfo Hernández Suárez=== * ... that [[Colombia]]n businessman '''[[Rodolfo Hernández Suárez]]''' refused to pay the [[ransom]] of his daughter's kidnapping by a [[Guerrilla warfare|guerrilla group]], citing his family's safety for not paying it? ===Edward VIII=== * ... that historians believe that [[Adolf Hitler]] was ready to make '''[[Edward VIII]]''' the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|king]] again to create a [[fascist]] [[Britain|British]] [[puppet government]] after [[Operation Sea Lion]] in 1940? ===Enceladus=== [[File:PIA17202-SaturnMoon-Enceladus-ApproachingFlyby-20151028.jpg|right|100px]] *...that [[Saturn]]'s moon '''[[Enceladus (moon)|Enceladus]]''' ''(pictured)'' reflects almost all the sunlight it gets, making it the most reflective moon in the [[Solar System]]? ===Kendall Jenner=== * ... that in 2017, '''[[Kendall Jenner]]''' was named the world's highest-paid model by ''[[Forbes]]'', beating model [[Gisele Bündchen]], who had been leading the list for more than 14 years? ===Uranus=== [[File:Uranus as seen by NASA's Voyager 2 (remastered).png|right|100px]] *...that the planet '''[[Uranus]]''' ''(pictured)'' rotates 98 degrees on its side? ===Alfonso Espinosa de los Monteros=== * ... that [[Ecuador]]ian news anchor '''[[Alfonso Espinosa de los Monteros]]''' holds the [[Guinness World Records|Guinness World Record]] for "longest career as a television news broadcaster" for his 56-year-career? ===Titan (moon)=== [[File:Titan in true color.jpg|100px|right]] *...that '''[[Titan (moon)|Titan]]''' ''(pictured)'' may have forms of life in its subsurface oceans? ===Ke Huy Quan=== * ... that in 2023, '''[[Ke Huy Quan]]''', a [[refugee]] of the [[Vietnam War]], became the first [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]]-born actor to win an [[Academy Award]]? ===Peggy Flanagan=== * ... that in 2019, [[Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota]] '''[[Peggy Flanagan]]''' became the highest ranking [[Native American]] woman elected to office in the [[United States]]? ===Chicago Water Tower=== * ... that the '''[[Chicago Water Tower]]''' is the only public tower to survive the [[Great Chicago Fire]] in 1871? ===Sir Shridath Ramphal=== * ... that during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], at age 92, former [[Commonwealth Secretary-General]] '''[[Shridath Ramphal|Sir Shridath Ramphal]]''' was the first lawyer to appear virtually before the [[International Court of Justice]]? ===Broccoli=== [[File:Broccoli and cross section edit.jpg |right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[broccoli]]''' ''(pictured)'' was introduced to [[England]] and the [[United States]] between 1800 and 1900? ===Klein bottle=== *...that true '''[[Klein bottle|Klein bottles]]''' cannot be filled with a [[liquid]]? ===Orange=== [[File:OrangeBloss wb.jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[orange (fruit)|oranges]]''' ''(pictured)'' are one of the few English words that do not rhyme? ===Advance-fee scam=== *...that even though they are common today, the first '''[[advance-fee scam|advance-fee scams]]''' started in the [[18th century]]? ===Apple=== [[File:95apple.jpeg|right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[apple]]s''' ''(pictured)'' were possibly the earliest tree to be [[Farming|cultivated]]? ===Taj Mahal=== [[File:Taj Mahal, Agra, India edit3.jpg|100x100px|right]] *... that the '''[[Taj Mahal]]''' ''(pictured)'' was built by [[Mughal dynasty|Emperor]] [[Shah Jahan]] as a [[mausoleum]] for his wife [[Mumtaz Mahal]]? ===Glasgow=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Glasgow]]''' opened the [[United Kingdom|United Kingdom's]] first official [[Consumerism|consumption]] room for [[illegal drugs]] including [[heroin]] and [[cocaine]]? ===Mona Lisa=== [[File:Mona Lisa, by Leonardo da Vinci, from C2RMF retouched.jpg|100x100px|right]] *...that some believe that the '''''[[Mona Lisa]]''''' ''(pictured)'' has no [[eyebrow]]s because they were accidentally removed during a [[Conservation (art)|restoration]]? ===Photograph (Ed Sheeran song)=== * ... that in 2016, [[Ed Sheeran]] was [[lawsuit|sued]] for $20 million over his song '''"[[Photograph (Ed Sheeran song)|Photograph]]"''' because he was accused of [[copyright infringement]] by the songwriters of "[[Amazing (Matt Cardle song)|Amazing]]"? ===Cheetah=== [[File:Gepardjagt1 (Acinonyx jubatus).jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that the '''[[cheetah]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the fastest land [[animal]], capable of running at speeds up to 75 miles per hour in less than 3 seconds? ===L'Origine du monde=== *...that in 2007, [[postcard]]s showing '''[[L'Origine du monde]]''' were the second-most popular in the [[Musée d'Orsay]]? ===Jill Biden=== [[File:Jill Biden 2024 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at the age of 69, '''[[Jill Biden]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the oldest woman to serve as [[First Lady of the United States]] and the first [[Italian American]] first lady? ===Doug Emhoff=== * ... that before becoming the first [[Second Gentleman of the United States]], '''[[Doug Emhoff]]''' was an entertainment lawyer and represented [[Walmart]] and [[Merck & Co.]]? ===Kamala Harris=== * ... that after 24 hours of '''[[Kamala Harris]]''' announcing her [[Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign|presidential campaign]], she raised $81 million in small-dollar donations, the highest of any candidate in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===Felipe VI=== [[File:Felipe VI in 2023.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Felipe VI]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Monarchy of Spain|Spanish monarch]] to receive and recognize [[LGBT]] organisations at a [[Royal Palace of El Pardo|royal palace]]? ===Silvio Santos=== * ... that '''[[Silvio Santos]]''' hosted his own [[variety show]] from 1963 until 2023 and was called the "greatest personality in the history of [[Brazil]]ian television"? ===Bajrakitiyabha=== [[File:Princess Bajrakitiyabha.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Bajrakitiyabha|Princess Bajrakitiyabha]]''' ''(pictured)'', who was thought to be the next-in-line to the [[Monarchy of Thailand|throne of Thailand]], has been in a [[coma]] since December 2022? ===Daniela Bianchi=== * ... that Italian model and [[Bond girl]] '''[[Daniela Bianchi]]''' was [[Dubbing (filmmaking)|dubbed over]] in ''[[From Russia with Love]]'' by British actress [[Barbara Jefford]] because of her "heavy" accent? === Flamingo === [[File:James's Flamingo mating ritual.jpg|100x100px|right]] *...that a group of '''[[flamingo]]s''' ''(pictured)'' is called a flamboyance? === Shrimp === *... that a '''[[shrimp]]''''s [[heart]] is in its [[head]]? === Giant Panda === [[File:Giant Panda 2004-03-2.jpg|right|100x100px]] * ... that the '''[[giant panda|giant panda's]]''' ''(pictured)'' [[diet]] is 99% [[bamboo]]? === Anglo-Zanzibar War === *... that the shortest [[war]] in history, the '''[[Anglo-Zanzibar War]]''' in 1896, lasted only 38 to 45 minutes? === Hummingbird === [[File:Purple-throated carib hummingbird feeding.jpg|100x100px|right]] *... that '''[[hummingbird]]s''' ''(pictured)'' are the only [[bird]]s that can fly backwards? ===India naming dispute=== *...that '''[[India naming dispute|the name 'India']]''' was first used by the [[Greeks]] to refer specifically to the [[Sindh|Lower Indus Valley]] in [[ancient Pakistan]]? ===Lettuce=== [[Image:Romaine lettuce.jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[lettuce]]''' ''(pictured)'' was one of the first plants brought to America by [[Christopher Columbus]]? ===Royal Air Force=== * ... that the '''[[Royal Air Force]]''' is the oldest [[air force]] in the world? ===Acid rain=== * ... that '''[[acid rain]]''' was a term first used in 1872? ===Lauren Underwood=== [[File:Lauren Underwood official portrait.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2019, at the age of 32, [[registered nurse]] '''[[Lauren Underwood]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the youngest [[African American|Black woman]] to serve in the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Michael Keaton=== * ... that because of [[Screen Actors Guild|SAG]] rules, '''[[Michael Keaton|Michael John Douglas]]''' had to change his name by searching a phone book under "K," saw "Keaton" and decided to pick it as his [[surname]]? ===Jesse Jackson=== * ... that in 1983, [[American Civil Rights Movement|civil rights activist]] '''[[Jesse Jackson]]''' became the first [[African American]] since the [[Reconstruction era]] to address the [[Alabama Legislature]]? ===Paetongtarn Shinawatra=== * ... that in 2024, at the age of 37, '''[[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]]''' became the youngest [[Prime Minister of Thailand|prime minister]] in [[Thailand|Thailand's]] history? ===Kangaroo=== [[File:Kangur.rudy.drs.jpg |right|100x100px]] *...that a female '''[[kangaroo]]''' ''(pictured)'' has three [[vagina]]s? ===Speed dating=== * ... that almost half of the women, and about a quarter of the men participating in '''[[speed dating]]''' make their choice within 30 seconds of meeting the other person? ===Bhumibol Adulyadej=== [[File:King Bhumibol Adulyadej 2010-9-29.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at 70 years, '''[[Bhumibol Adulyadej]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the longest [[Reign|reigning]] [[Monarchy of Thailand|Thai monarch]] and the longest of an independent [[Asian]] sovereign? ===Srettha Thavisin=== * ... that at {{convert|1.92|m|ftin}} tall, former [[Prime Minister of Thailand|Thai Prime Minister]] '''[[Srettha Thavisin]]''' was the tallest leader within [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations|ASEAN]]? ===Yingluck Shinawatra=== [[File:9153ri-Yingluck Shinawatra.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2011, '''[[Yingluck Shinawatra]]''' ''(pictured)'' became [[Thailand|Thailand's]] first female [[Prime Minister of Thailand|prime minister]] and its youngest in 60 years? ===Octopus=== *...that '''[[octopus]]es''' have three [[heart]]s; two for the [[gill]]s and one for the rest of the body? ===Spaghetti=== *...that a single [[strand]] of '''[[spaghetti]]''' is called a "spaghetto"? ===Eraser=== *...that before the 1700s, people used wet [[bread]] as '''[[erasers]]'''? ===Number=== *...that no '''[[number]]''' before 1,000 contains the [[letter]] [[A]]? ===Pluto=== *...that the [[ratio]] between the [[masses]] of '''[[Pluto]]''' and its moon [[Charon]] is so great that it is sometimes called a binary system? ===Maho Beach=== [[File:747-400 City of Bangkok landing at Princess Juliana 11-27-2012b.jpg|right|110px]] * ... that '''[[Maho Beach]]''' ''(pictured)'', in [[Saint Martin|Saint Martin island]], is directly across an [[Princess Juliana International Airport|airport]] and [[Fixed-wing aircraft|airplanes]] can be about 100 feet above beach goers? ===Buenos Aires=== *... that in 2005, '''[[Buenos Aires]]''' became the first [[UNESCO]] City of Design because of the city's [[architecture]] and [[fashion design|fashion design culture]]? ===Susan Wojcicki=== * ... that former CEO of [[YouTube]] '''[[Susan Wojcicki]]''' also helped create [[Google]] when she [[Renting|rented]] her garage as an office for the company's founders in 1998? ===Christopher Plummer=== * ... that '''[[Christopher Plummer]]''' is the only [[Canadians|Canadian]] actor to have won the "[[Triple Crown of Acting]]"? ===Haumea (dwarf planet)=== [[File:Haumea rotation with ring.gif|right|100x100px]] *...that because the [[dwarf planet]] '''[[Haumea (dwarf planet)|Haumea]]''' (''pictured'') was discovered shortly after [[Christmas]], it was originally called Santa? ===Titan=== * ...that [[Saturn]]'s biggest moon '''[[Titan (moon)|Titan]]''' could possibly have a subsurface [[ocean]]? ===Venus=== [[File:Venus from Mariner 10.jpg |right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[Venus]]''' ''(pictured)'' is called Earth's evil twin because it has [[sulphuric acid]] in its [[clouds]]? ===Lavinia Fontana=== [[File:Lavinia Fontana - Autoritratto (ca. 1577-85).jpg|100px|right]] *...that '''[[Lavinia Fontana]]''' (''self-portrait shown''), a 16th century painter, may have been the first woman to paint female [[nude (art)|nudes]]? ===Strawberry=== *... that [[Botany|botanically]] speaking, [[bananas]] are berries, but '''[[Strawberry|strawberries]]''' are not? ===Blood=== *...that there are traces of [[gold]] found in '''[[blood]]''' in the human body? ===Kangaroo rat=== [[File:kangaroo-rat.jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that the [[Nocturnal animals|nocturnal]] [[rodent]] the '''[[Kangaroo rat]]''' ''(pictured)'' has more efficient [[kidney]]s than humans do? ===Tokyo=== * ... that '''[[Tokyo]]''' started as a small fishing village known as [[Edo]] in the 1400s? ===Beijing=== * ... that throughout its history, '''[[Beijing]]''' was the [[China|Chinese]] capital six times? ===Michèle George=== [[File:Michle-george-1352493767.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[equestrianism|equestrian]] '''[[Michèle George]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first winner of a gold medal in [[para-dressage]] for [[Belgium]]? ===Tim Walz=== * ... that in 2007, then-[[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Tim Walz]]''' became the highest-ranking retired [[Enlisted rank|enlisted soldier]] ever to serve in [[United States Congress|Congress]]? ===Sir Lawrence Bragg=== [[File:Wl-bragg.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at age 25, physicist '''[[Lawrence Bragg|Sir Lawrence Bragg]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the youngest person to win a [[Nobel Prize]]? ===Guinea pig=== *... that the term '''[[Guinea pig]]''' is [[slang]] for being the first to try something? ===Taylor Swift=== [[File:Taylor Swift at the Golden Globes 2024 (Enhanced, cropped) 1.jpg |right|100px]] * ... that thirteen-time [[Grammy Awards]] winner '''[[Taylor Swift]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first musician to become a [[billionaire]] based on songs and performances as their [[revenue]]? ===Pete Buttigieg=== * ... that [[United States Secretary of Transportation|U.S. Transportation Secretary]] '''[[Pete Buttigieg]]''' is the first openly [[gay]] individual and first [[millennial]] to be a member of the [[United States Cabinet|U.S. Cabinet]]? ===Berlin=== * ... that '''[[Berlin]]''' is the only city in the world that hosts three [[opera house]]s? ===Janet Yellen=== * ... that '''[[Janet Yellen]]''' is the first person in [[History of the United States|American history]] to lead the three most powerful economic bodies in the [[Federal government]]: the [[United States Department of the Treasury|Treasury Department]], the [[Federal Reserve]], and the [[Council of Economic Advisers]]? ===Hakeem Jeffries=== [[File:Rep-Hakeem-Jeffries-Official-Portrait.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Hakeem Jeffries]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[African-American]] to serve as a [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|congressional party leader]]? ===Truman Show delusion=== *... that the '''[[Truman Show delusion|''Truman Show'' delusion]]''' is named after [[The Truman Show|the movie with the same name]], because some of the first patients said it provided a good description of what the condition felt like? ===Makemake (dwarf planet)=== [[File:Makemake and its moon.jpg|right|100px]] * ...that the [[dwarf planet]] '''[[Makemake (dwarf planet)|Makemake]]''' ''(pictured)'' used to be called [[Easter Bunny]] when it was first found? ===Depression (mental illness)=== * ... several scientific studies have found a link between '''[[Depression (mental illness)|depression]]''' and [[pesticide]]s? ===Charles Darwin=== * ... that while studying at [[Christ's College, Cambridge]], '''[[Charles Darwin]]''' formed a club called "the Gourmet Club" in which he would eat [[Exotic pet|exotic animals]]? ===Rome=== * ... that at 1,500 [[fountain]]s, '''[[Rome]]''' has the most fountains of any city in the world? ===Priti Patel=== [[File:Priti Patel Official Cabinet Portrait, September 2021 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2019, '''[[Priti Patel]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[British Indians|British Indian]] to serve as [[Home Secretary]]? ===Toronto=== * ... that in 2021, 51% of '''[[Toronto]]''' residents were born outside [[Canada]] with 45% of the city's residents speaking a [[First language|first language]] other than French or English? ===Madrid=== * ... that '''[[Madrid|Madrid's]]''' name comes from the [[Arabic]] word ''magerit'', meaning “place of many [[stream]]s"? ===Joe Biden=== [[File:President Joe Biden delivers remarks from the Oval Office (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2024, '''[[Joe Biden]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[incumbent]] [[President of the United States|president]] in [[History of the United States|American history]] to [[Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election|withdraw from reelection]] since [[1968 United States presidential election|1968]]? ===Romance Scam=== *...that people lose more money to '''[[romance scam]]s''' than to other similar types of [[scam]]? ===Rachel Reeves=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Rachel Reeves]]''' became the first female [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]]? ===Deb Haaland=== [[File:Deb Haaland official portrait, 116th congress 2 (1).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2021, [[United States Secretary of the Interior|Interior Secretary]] '''[[Deb Haaland]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Native American]] [[Cabinet of the United States|Cabinet secretary]] in [[History of the United States|U.S. history]]? ===Amsterdam=== * ... that '''[[Amsterdam]]''' sits at two meters below [[sea level]] and is built on soft [[peat]] and [[clay]] in order to stay above water? ===Rio de Janeiro=== * ... that '''[[Rio de Janeiro]]''' is named for a river that does not exist after [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] [[explorer]]s mistook an [[Bay|oceanic bay]] for a river? ===Sexual slavery=== *...that estimates of the number of '''[[sexual slavery|sex slaves]]''' in 2001 varied between 400,000 and 1.75 million? ===Potsdam=== * ... that '''[[Potsdam]]''' was intended as "a picturesque, [[Pasture|pastoral]] dream" which would remind its people of their relationship with [[nature]] and reason? ===Myriam Spiteri Debono=== * ... that [[President of Malta]] '''[[Myriam Spiteri Debono]]''' is a [[technophobia|technophobe]] and uses her husband's [[email]] account for official duties? ===Cheng Pei-pei=== [[File:Cheng Pei Pei (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Chinese people|Chinese]] actress '''[[Cheng Pei-pei]]''' ''(pictured)'', who was nicknamed the "Queen of [[Kung-fu|Kung Fu]]", was thought to be cinema's first female [[Action movie|action]] hero? ===We Didn't Start the Fire (Fall Out Boy song)=== * ... that the 2023 song '''"[[We Didn't Start the Fire (Fall Out Boy song)|We Didn't Start the Fire]]"''', which covers popular events from 1989 to 2023, did not mention the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] because it could not [[rhyme]] with ''[[Bush v. Gore]]''? ===JD Vance=== * ... that [[Vice President of the United States]] '''[[JD Vance]]''' is the first [[millennial]] to be on a presidential ticket of a major party in the [[United States]]? ===Sir Keir Starmer=== [[File:Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer Official Portrait (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that the [[Cabinet of the United Kingdom|cabinet]] of [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]] '''[[Keir Starmer|Sir Keir Starmer]]''' ''(pictured)'' has the most female ministers in the [[United Kingdom|country's]] history? ===Stanford prison experiment=== <!--[[File:SPE1971-prisoner-breaks-down.jpg|100px|right]]--> *...that the '''[[Stanford prison experiment]]''' was stopped after six days, because guards had started to [[torture]] prisoners? ===Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania=== * ... that within one day of [[Donald Trump|Donald Trump's]] '''[[Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania|attempted assassination]]''' in [[Pennsylvania]], [[Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign|his campaign]] raised over $2 million for his supporters who were hurt or killed in the shooting? ===Dennis Skinner=== * ... that '''[[Dennis Skinner]]''' was [[:wikt:suspension|suspended]] from the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|British Parliament]] at least ten times for calling members inappropriate names including former [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] [[David Cameron]]? ===Phoenix, Arizona=== * ... that '''[[Phoenix, Arizona]]''' is the most populated [[state capital]] of the [[United States]]? ===Masoud Pezeshkian=== [[File:Masoud Pezeshkian, 2024-6-12 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that before entering politics, [[President of Iran]] '''[[Masoud Pezeshkian]]''' ''(pictured)'' was a heart [[surgeon]]? ===Enumclaw horse sex case=== * … that one of the most read articles of ''[[The Seattle Times]]'' in 2005 was about a man who died after '''[[Enumclaw horse sex case|having sex with a horse]]'''? ===Steven Chu=== * ... that former [[United States Secretary of Energy|U.S. Secretary of Energy]] '''[[Steven Chu]]''' became the first [[Nobel Prize]] winner to have a position in the [[United States Cabinet|U.S. Cabinet]] in 2009? ===Robert Pickton=== * ... that [[serial killer]] '''[[Robert Pickton]]''' told an [[Covert operation|undercover officer]] that he killed 49 people and wished he killed one more to make it an "even fifty"? ===Blanche Lincoln=== [[File:Blanche Lincoln, 2007.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at the age of 38, '''[[Blanche Lincoln]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the youngest woman ever elected to the [[United States Senate]]? ===Devil=== * ... that in the [[Koran]], the '''[[Devil]]''' often appears as an animal and tries to get people to do the wrong thing? ===Anti-tobacco movement in Nazi Germany=== *...that when they found a link between [[smoking]] and [[lung cancer]] in 1940, the [[Nazi]]s created the '''[[Anti-tobacco movement in Nazi Germany|first anti-smoking campaign]]''' in modern history? ===Gregory Peck=== * ... that [[Academy Award]]-winning actor '''[[Gregory Peck]]''' said that he was almost offered the [[ambassador|ambassadorship]] to [[Ireland]] by President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]? ===Gabriel García Márquez=== [[File:Gabriel Garcia Marquez2 (2009).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Colombia]]n [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] winner '''[[Gabriel García Márquez]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the most-[[translation|translated]] Spanish-language author? ===Dixy Lee Ray=== * ... that '''[[Dixy Lee Ray]]''', the first female [[Governor of Washington]], was also the youngest girl to [[summit]] [[Mount Rainier]]? === India === *...that the name '''[[India]]''' comes from the [[Indus River]], which is located mostly in [[Pakistan]] and is the [[National symbols of Pakistan|national river]] of the country? ===Claudia Sheinbaum=== * ... that [[President of Mexico|President-elect of Mexico]] '''[[Claudia Sheinbaum]]''' was a member of the [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]] when they won a [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in 2007? ===Katherine Johnson=== [[File:NASA human computers - Katherine Coleman Goble Johnson.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Katherine Johnson]]''' ''(pictured)'' was called one of the first [[African-American]] women to work as a [[NASA]] scientist? ===Buzz Aldrin=== * ... that when '''[[Buzz Aldrin]]''' walked on the [[Moon]] during the [[Apollo 11]] mission, he took [[Eucharist|communion]] and became the first and only person to hold a religious ceremony on the Moon? ===Françoise Hardy=== [[File:FrancoiseHardy-1967-Venise-ReportagePhoto.png|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Françoise Hardy]]''' ''(pictured)'', a popular singer of the [[Yé-yé]] style of music, was also an [[astrology|astrologist]] and wrote books about it? ===Mason–Dixon line=== *...that [[surveyor]]s were hired to fix the border between [[Maryland]] and [[Pennsylvania]], after people had become tired of the '''[[Mason–Dixon line|violence between the two colonies]]'''? ===Ronald Reagan=== * ... that after [[Korean Air Lines Flight 007]] was shot down in 1983, [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[Ronald Reagan]]''' announced that the American military's [[GPS]] would be allowed for [[civilian]] use? ===Seven Nation Army=== * ... that when [[Jack White]] created the [[riff]] for '''"[[Seven Nation Army]]"''', he wanted it used for a [[James Bond]] theme, however he decided to make it into a separate song because he thought that would never happen? ===John Quincy Adams=== * ... that [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[John Quincy Adams]]''', who led the fight against [[slavery]] in [[United States Congress|Congress]], was fluent in [[Latin]] and [[French language|French]]? ===Carl Sagan=== [[File:Carl Sagan Planetary Society cropped.png|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Carl Sagan]]''' ''(pictured)'' said that smoking [[cannabis]] helped him in writing his books? ===Vegetable=== * ... that in 1893 the [[United States Supreme Court]] declared that the [[fruit]] [[Tomato]] is a '''[[vegetable]]''' for [[taxation]] purposes? ===Adolf Hitler=== * ... that according to historians, '''[[Adolf Hitler]]''' had only one [[testicle]]? ===Ebrahim Raisi=== * ... that former [[President of Iran|President]] '''[[Ebrahim Raisi]]''' was nicknamed "the Butcher of [[Tehran]]" for his role on the "death committee" during the [[1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners|1988 mass executions]] of [[Iranian people|Iranian]] [[political prisoners]]? ===Solovey (Go_A song)=== * ... that "'''[[Solovey (Go A song)|Solovey]]'''" was the first song in the history of [[Eurovision Song Contest|Eurovision]] to be fully in the [[Ukrainian language]]? ===Jamie Lee Curtis=== [[File:Jamie Lee Curtis (28770868877) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Academy Award]]-winning actress '''[[Jamie Lee Curtis]]''' ''(pictured)'' did not want to be called Baroness [[Christopher Guest|Haden-Guest]] because she said the title has nothing to do with her? ===Murder of Linda Andersen=== *...that '''[[Murder of Linda Andersen|two girls who killed their mother]]''' when they were [[teenager]]s successfully studied at [[university]], after serving their sentence; one became a [[lawyer]] and the other a [[scientist]]? ===William Shockley=== * ... that [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] winning physicist '''[[William Shockley]]''' ran for the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] in 1982 because of the "[[Dysgenics|dysgenic threat]]" he believed [[African Americans|African-Americans]] created? ===Giorgia Meloni=== [[File:Giorgia Meloni Official 2022 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Giorgia Meloni]]''' ''(pictured)'', who was elected in [[2022 Italian general election|2022]], is [[Italy|Italy's]] first female [[Prime Minister of Italy|prime minister]]? ===Marianne Wiggins=== * ... that when Muslims were ordered to kill [[Salman Rushdie]], his wife '''[[Marianne Wiggins]]''' also started hiding, even though she told him five days earlier that she did not want to be married to him anymore? ===Dick Van Dyke=== [[File:Dick Van Dyke by Gage Skidmore.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at age 98, '''[[Dick Van Dyke]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the oldest person to be nominated and win a [[Daytime Emmy Award]]? ===Andrew Johnson=== * ... that a proposal to [[impeachment|impeach]] [[President of the United States]] '''[[Andrew Johnson]]''' in 1868 failed by one vote? ===Russia=== * ... that '''[[Russia]]''' got its name from a [[Medieval Latin]] name for the [[Kievan Rus']]? ===Cynisca=== *...that even though [[women]] were forbidden from attending the [[Ancient Olympic Games]], [[Sparta]]n [[princess]] '''[[Cynisca]]''' won them twice? ===Nude recreation=== *...that when a [[museum]] in [[Vienna]] offered a '''[[nude recreation|naked museum tour]]''' of a [[controversial]] [[exhibition]] called ''Nude Men'' in February 2013, more than 60 people attended that tour? ===Dishwasher=== *...that a [[socialite]] who was worried that her dishes would break while they were being washed came up with a successful design of a '''[[dishwasher]]''' in the late 19th century? ===Pete McCloskey=== * ... that in 1967, [[Purple Heart]] [[Korean War]] veteran '''[[Pete McCloskey]]''' won against child actress [[Shirley Temple]] in a [[special election]] for the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]? ===Simon Harris=== * ... that at age 37, '''[[Simon Harris]]''' is the youngest person to become [[Ireland|Ireland's]] [[Taoiseach]]? ===Mary Peltola=== [[File:Mary Peltola celebrating reeelection (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Mary Peltola]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Alaska Natives|Alaskan Native]] member of [[United States Congress|congress]]? ===Ima Keithel=== * ... that '''[[Ima Keithel]]''' is a [[market]] in [[Manipur]] that is the only one run by women alone? ===Pubic hair=== *... that four out of five women, and about half of the men in the [[United States]] trim or remove their '''[[pubic hair]]'''? ===Olaf Scholz=== * ... that '''[[Olaf Scholz]]''' is the first [[Chancellor of Germany|Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany]] to not be a member of the [[Protestant Church in Germany|Protestant Church]]? ===Ursula von der Leyen=== * ... that when she was elected in 2019, '''[[Ursula von der Leyen]]''' became the first female [[President of the European Commission]]? ===Dance the Night=== * ... that [[Mark Ronson]] wrote a song for the [[Rehearsal|dance rehearsals]] of the movie ''[[Barbie (movie)|Barbie]]'' which later became "'''[[Dance the Night]]'''"? ===Gottfried Böhm=== [[File:Gottfried Böhm 2015.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1986, '''[[Gottfried Böhm]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first [[German people|German]] [[architect]] to win a [[Pritzker Prize]]? ===Sahara=== * ... that in the last hundred years, the '''[[Sahara]]''' has grown by about ten percent because of [[desertification]]? ===José Andrés=== * ... that chef and [[humanitarianism|humanitarian]] '''[[José Andrés]]''' is said to have made [[Tapas|small plates dining]] popular in the [[United States]]? ===Red Sea crisis=== * ... that the first event in the history of [[space warfare]] occurred during the '''[[Red Sea crisis]]'''? ===Trina Robbins=== [[File:Trina Robbins 2010 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1970, cartoonist '''[[Trina Robbins]]''' ''(pictured)'' helped create the first [[comic book]] entirely produced by women? ===Sultan bin Salman Al Saud=== * ... that '''[[Sultan bin Salman Al Saud]]''', the son of [[Salman of Saudi Arabia|Saudi King Salman]], is the first member of a royal family to fly in [[outer space|space]] as well as the first Arab and the first [[Muslim]] to do so? === Ostrich === *... that '''[[ostrich]]es''' have the biggest eyes among all [[terrestrial animals]]? === Names of Pakistan === [[File:British Indian Empire 1909 Imperial Gazetteer of India.jpg|100x100px|right]] *... that the '''[[Names of Pakistan|name of modern Pakistan]]''' ''(pictured)'' is an [[acronym]] derived from the five regions of the [[British Raj]]: [[Punjab (Pakistan)|''P''unjab]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|''A''fghania]], [[Kashmir|''K''ashmir]], [[Sindh|''S''indh]], and [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Baluchis''tan'']]? === Akkadian Empire === [[File:Empire akkad.svg|100x100px|right]] *... that the '''[[Akkad|Akkadian Empire]]''' ''(pictured)'' of [[Mesopotamia]] is the oldest known [[empire]] in history? ===Houston=== * ... that after [[New York City]], '''[[Houston]]''' has the most [[Fortune 500|''Fortune'' 500]] headquarters of any [[United States|American]] city within its city limits? === Total Eclipse of the Heart === * ... that leading up to the [[solar eclipse of August 21, 2017]], the [[streaming media|streams]] for [[Bonnie Tyler]]'s 1983 single '''"[[Total Eclipse of the Heart]]"''' went up 827% globally? === Ancient Pakistan === [[File:Indus script.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the oldest recorded name of '''[[Ancient Pakistan]]''' ''(pictured)'' is Meluhha, the [[Sumer]]ian name for the [[Indus Valley Civilization|Indus Valley]]? ===Charles Michel=== * ... that when '''[[Charles Michel]]''' became the [[Prime Minister of Belgium]] in 2014, he was the youngest Belgian prime minister in 173 years? ===Jörn Donner=== [[File:Jörn Donner in 2014 06.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that director '''[[Jörn Donner]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first and, to date, only person from [[Finland]] to win an [[Academy Award]]? ===Katie Britt=== * ... that [[Alabama]] [[United States Senator|U.S. Senator]] '''[[Katie Britt]]''' was [[criticism|criticized]] for giving her [[response to the State of the Union address|response]] to the [[State of the Union address]] from her [[kitchen]]? ===Gandhara=== *... that the region of '''[[Gandhara]]''' in [[Pakistan]] is the second holy land of [[Buddhism]], the first being [[Magadha]] in [[Nepal]] and [[India]]? ===Olivia Rodrigo=== [[File:Olivia Rodrigo @ Theatre at Ace Hotel 10 09 2023 (53423735984).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Olivia Rodrigo]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first artist to have their first two releases in the top 10 on [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]]? ===Lyndon B. Johnson=== * ... that at age 42, '''[[Lyndon B. Johnson]]''' was the youngest [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|leader]] of the [[United States Senate]] in [[American history]]? ===Kristi Noem=== [[File:Noem Portrait (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that when '''[[Kristi Noem]]''' ''(pictured)'' was a [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]], she took online college classes and received [[internship|intern credits]] because she was a congresswoman? ===Marianne Williamson=== * ... that before running for [[President of the United States]] in [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]] and [[2024 United States presidential election|2024]], '''[[Marianne Williamson]]''' was a [[The New York Times Best Seller list|''New York Times'' best selling]] [[spirituality|spiritual writer]] and was nicknamed "[[Oprah Winfrey|Oprah's]] spiritual advisor"? ===Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine=== * ... that even though '''[[Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine|Belarus helped Russia]]''' with [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|their invasion of Ukraine]], [[President of Belarus|President]] [[Alexander Lukashenko]] said that there is "no way" [[Belarus|Belarusian]] soldiers will attack [[Ukraine]]? ===J. Robert Oppenheimer=== * ... that in 2022, '''[[J. Robert Oppenheimer|J. Robert Oppenheimer's]]''' [[security clearance]] was given back to him, 68 years after it was controversially removed during the [[Red scare|Second Red scare]]? ===Chicago River=== [[File:The Chicago River turns green for St. Patrick's Day. 2018 (26997623508).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that the tradition of [[dye|dyeing]] the '''[[Chicago River]]''' green ''(pictured)'' for [[Saint Patrick's Day]] started by accident in 1961 when plumbers accidentally spilled [[fluorescein]] into the river? ===Functional illiteracy=== *...that 14% of the [[adult]]s living in the [[United States]] have problems in their everyday life, because they cannot '''[[functional illiteracy|read and write well enough]]'''? ===Kirby's Dream Course=== *...that '''''[[Kirby's Dream Course]]''''' was not originally going to be a ''[[Kirby (series)|Kirby]]'' game, and the version without Kirby was later released on the [[Satellaview]]? ===Harvard University=== * ... that eight [[Presidents of the United States]] have [[graduated]] from '''[[Harvard University]]'''? ===Japanese spider crab=== *... that the '''[[Japanese spider crab]]''' has the largest leg span among any [[arthropod]] in the world? ===Toby Fox=== *...that '''[[Toby Fox|Toby Fox's]]''' first important work was a [[Halloween]] version of ''[[EarthBound]]''? ===The Godfather=== * ... that '''''[[The Godfather]]''''' made over $100 million in the [[box office]] 18 weeks after its release in 1972, making it the fastest movie to reach that number? ===Abortion in France=== *...that '''[[abortion in France]]''' was protected in the French [[constitution]] in March 2024, making France the only country to have abortion as a constitutional right? ===O'Hare station train crash=== [[File:OHare Airport L crash, March 2014.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in March 2014, a [[Chicago]] [[Blue Line (CTA)|subway train]] '''[[O'Hare station train crash|crashed]]''' ''(pictured)'' at the [[O'Hare International Airport]] because the conductor fell asleep while operating? ===Paracetamol=== *...that '''[[Paracetamol]]''' ''(acetaminophen)'' is the main cause of [[liver failure]] in the [[United States]] and [[Great Britain]]? ===Mario Party 8=== * ... that '''''[[Mario Party 8]]''''' was removed from stores in the [[United Kingdom]] after a [[slur]] was found in the game? ===Eswatini=== * ... that Swaziland changed their name to '''[[Eswatini]]''' because the old name sounded too similar to [[Switzerland]]? ===Alejandro Mayorkas=== * ... that [[United States Secretary of Homeland Security|U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security]] '''[[Alejandro Mayorkas]]''' is the first [[United States Cabinet]] member to be [[impeachment|impeached]] since 1876? ===Kuwaiti dinar=== *... that the '''[[Kuwaiti dinar]]''' is the most valuable [[currency]] in the world? ===Carnivorous plant=== *... that different [[plant]]s developed the '''[[carnivorous plant|ability to catch and trap insects]]''' at least six times? ===Super Bowl LVIII=== * ... that '''[[Super Bowl LVIII]]''' is the most watched [[United States]] broadcast since the [[Apollo 11]] moon landing? ===Liverpool Women's Hospital bombing=== * ...that the [[taxi]] driver in the '''[[Liverpool Women's Hospital bombing]]''' was called a [[hero]] for locking the [[terrorist]] inside of his taxi? ===Acoustic Kitty=== *...that in the 1960s, the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] fitted [[cat]]s to '''[[Acoustic Kitty|act as spies]]'''? ===The Typewriter=== *...that in the 1950s, [[Leroy Anderson]] composed '''[[The Typewriter|a piece of music]]''' for the [[typewriter]] and [[orchestra]]? ===Pesse canoe=== [[File:Boomstamkano van Pesse, Drents Museum, 1955-VIII-2.jpg|right|100px]] *... that the '''[[Pesse canoe]]''' ''(pictured)'', a [[Dugout canoe|dugout]] dating back to between 7500 and 8000 [[BCE]], may be one of the world's oldest [[boat]]s? === Medieval philosophy === *... that '''[[Medieval philosophy]]''' began in the historic city of [[Baghdad]], now the capital of [[Iraq]], in the [[8th century]]? ===Poultry=== *... that '''[[Poultry]]''' is the second most eaten type of [[meat]] after [[pork]]? ===In Guezzam=== *...that in '''[[In Guezzam]]''' less than four out of ten people [[literacy|can read or write]]? ===Suriname=== *...that in '''[[Suriname]]''' most people who cannot read or write are women? === Masjid al-Haram === [[File:Great Mosque of Mecca.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the '''[[Masjid al-Haram]]''' ''(pictured)'' in [[Makkah]], [[Saudi Arabia]] is the largest [[mosque]] in the world and is also the most expensive building on [[Earth]]? ===2024 Ecuadorian conflict=== * ... that in January 2024, several armed gang members '''[[2024 Ecuadorian conflict|stormed a television studio]]''' in [[Guayaquil]], [[Ecuador]] while it was broadcasting live? ===Meat-Shaped Stone=== [[File:Meat-Shaped Stone Gathering of Treasures 1.jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that the '''''[[Meat-Shaped Stone]]''''' ''(pictured)'' is one of the Three Treasures of the [[National Palace Museum]] in [[Taiwan]]? ===25 or 6 to 4=== * ... that the [[Chicago (band)|Chicago]] song "'''[[25 or 6 to 4]]'''" was banned in [[Singapore]] from 1970 to 1993 because the country thought the song was about drugs? ===Madison Marsh=== [[File:Active Duty Miss America (4) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[Miss America 2024|2024]], [[Second_lieutenant#United_States|second lieutenant]] '''[[Madison Marsh]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first member of the [[United States Armed Forces|U.S. Armed Forces]] to win the [[Miss America|Miss America title]]? ===Postpartum depression=== * ... that '''[[postpartum depression]]''' affects more women living in [[Human Development Index|low and middle income countries]] than those living in high income countries? ===Trump International Hotel and Tower=== * ... that because of [[Donald Trump]] adding a large sign with his name on the '''[[Trump International Hotel and Tower]]''', [[Chicago]] considered changing its rules for future sign-building on its skyscrapers? ===875 North Michigan Avenue=== * ... that '''[[875 North Michigan Avenue]]''' in [[Chicago]] has the highest indoor swimming pool in the [[United States]]? ===iPhone 6=== [[File:IPhone 6 bottom.png|right|100px]] * ... that over ten million '''[[iPhone 6]]''' ''(pictured)'' were sold in the first week of its release in 2014, making it one of best-selling [[touchscreen]] phones of all time? ===Moscow=== * ... that '''[[Moscow]]''' is the largest city by [[land area]] on the [[Europe|European continent]]? ===Pineapple=== * ... that '''[[pineapple]]s''' can take two or three years to grow? m5moigvmqo79d9sj12lj1x1ytlxr8im 10369338 10369329 2025-07-03T09:59:08Z Raayaan9911 1495229 /* Al Hilal SFC */Fixed 10369338 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bots|optout=SIGN}} This page is for nominations to appear in the "Did you know" section on the [[Main Page]]. To discuss Did You Know please use [[Wikipedia talk:Did you know]]. <center><big>'''[[Template talk:Did you know#Nominations|SKIP TO NOMINATIONS]]'''</big></center> {{DYKbox}} {{tocright}} == Instructions == '''Did you know?''' (DYK) entries are interesting facts that many people may not know. On this page possible entries are listed and members of the DYK project assess the nominations for the DYK section. DYKs are listed on the [[Main Page]]. === How to enter a DYK === List articles on this page under the '''Nominations''' area, below. The newest nominations go at the top. If you would like to make a nomination, you should read the rules below. If there is a picture that you would like to see used with your nomination, please add it with your nomination as shown below. Any user may nominate a DYK suggestion. {{Wikipedia:Did you know}} == Chart == Please use one of the following templates when reviewing nominations. {| class="wikitable" width=100% ! width=10% | Symbol !! width=10% | Code !! width=10% | Ready for DYK? !! width=50% | Description |- align="center" |- align="center" | [[File:Symbol confirmed.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKyes}}</nowiki> || Yes || align="left" | No problems, ready for DYK |- align="center" | [[File:Pictogram voting keep.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKagf}}</nowiki> || Yes, [[Wikipedia:Assume good faith|WP:AGF]] || align="left" | Hook cited to a source not on the Internet, but to a reliable publication. |- align="center" | [[File:Pictogram reply.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKfixed}}</nowiki> || Yes, issue fixed. || align="left" | The issue preventing DYK, or the request for improvement has now been fixed. |- align="center" | [[File:Symbol possible vote.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKalmost}}</nowiki> || Almost || align="left" | Article is on the way to being ready for DYK, but the reviewer has questions. |- align="center" | [[File:Symbol delete vote.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKno}}</nowiki> || No || align="left" | Article is unable to be used on DYK, the time limit has passed, or there are larger reservations. |} {{DYK-Refresh}} <!--<center><big>'''{{#ifeq:{{Did you know/Queue/EmpQ}}||ALL QUEUES ARE FULL AT THE MOMENT.|THE NEXT EMPTY QUEUE IS [[Template:Did you know/Queue/{{Did you know/Queue/EmpQ}}]] AND}} THE NEXT UPDATE WILL BE FROM [[Template:Did you know/Queue/{{Did you know/Queue/NexQ}}]]'''</big></center>--> == Nominations == Please add new nominations below ''with newer nominations at the top''. Nominations should be headed with a <nowiki>===Level Three===</nowiki> header containing a link to the article that the hook is from. If possible, all hooks should contain a relevant file from Wikimedia Commons – this can be a picture or a sound. The subject article should be '''<nowiki>'''bolded'''</nowiki>'''. <!--- please uncomment the template below if there are no nominations in the section; add newer nominations at the top, but below the template --> === Al Hilal SFC === * ... that during [[2025 FIFA Club World Cup]], '''[[Al Hilal SFC|Al Hilal]]''' was the only Asian football club to reach the knockout tournament? [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 08:00, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ==Holding area== Hooks that are ready to be moved to a queue for update may be held in this area until a space in a queue becomes available. To be eligible to move into this area, a hook must meet all of the promotion guidelines as outlined above. Hooks in this area do not count towards a user's nomination limit. If you change or re-review a hook in this area, it must be moved back to the main nominations section for discussion to continue. The only changes permitted here are formatting or spelling changes, or adding an associated file. <!-- Add nominations below this comment --> ===Gina Ortiz Jones=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Gina Ortiz Jones]]''' became the first [[Asian-American]] female mayor of a major city in [[Texas]] and the first openly [[gay]] mayor of [[San Antonio]]? ===Violeta Chamorro=== [[File:Violeta Chamorro 1993.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1990, when '''[[Violeta Chamorro]]''' ''(pictured)'' was elected [[President of Nicaragua]], she became the first elected woman president in the [[Americas]]? ===Sir Billy Boston=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Billy Boston|Sir Billy Boston]]''' became the first [[Rugby League|rugby league footballer]] to be [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]]? ===Toni Morrison=== [[File:Toni Morrison.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1993, '''[[Toni Morrison]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[African American]] woman to win the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]? ===Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran=== * ... that the '''[[Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran]]''' was founded in 324, making it the oldest public church in [[Rome]] and the oldest [[basilica]] in the [[Western world]]? ===Greg Abbott=== * ... that in 2015, '''[[Greg Abbott]]''' became the first [[Governor of Texas|Texas governor]] and third governor of a [[U.S. state]] to use a [[wheelchair]]? ===Amazon River=== [[File:Amazon 57.53278W 2.71207S.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that there are no [[Bridge|bridges]] that cross the '''[[Amazon River]]''' ''(pictured)'' because of the [[Amazon rainforest]]? === iOS 26 === * ... that 13 years after the [[iOS 7]] was [[Design|redesigned]] with a "flat style", the '''[[iOS 26]]''' was redesigned with a [[Liquid Glass]] design? ===Ron DeSantis=== [[File:Governor Ron DeSantis at the CNN Republican Presidential Debate (53460294753) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2019, at the age of 40, '''[[Ron DeSantis]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the youngest [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[Governor of Florida|governor]] in [[Florida|Florida's history]]? ===Egypt=== * ... that '''[[Egypt]]''' has the most powerful [[Egyptian Armed Forces|military force]] in the [[Arab world]] and [[Africa]] since 2025? === Colour of the day (police) === *... that in [[New York City]], [[police|undercover police]] wear different '''[[Color of the day (police)|colored items of clothing]]''' to quickly recognize each other? ===Kathy Hochul=== [[File:Kathy Hochul March 2024 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2021, '''[[Kathy Hochul]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first female [[Governor of New York]] and the first from [[Upstate New York]]? ===Mikie Sherrill=== * ... that before she became the first [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] to [[United States House of Representatives|represent]] [[New Jersey's 11th congressional district]] in over 30 years, '''[[Mikie Sherrill]]''' was a [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] [[helicopter]] pilot? ===Abigail Spanberger=== * ... that before becoming the first woman to represent [[Virginia's 7th congressional district]] in the [[U.S. House of Representatives|U.S. House]], '''[[Abigail Spanberger]]''' was a [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA operations officer]]? ===Gavin Newsom=== [[File:Newsom April 2024 (3x4 cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2022, [[Governor of California|Governor]] '''[[Gavin Newsom]]''' ''(pictured)'' made [[California]] the first [[sanctuary city|sanctuary state]] for [[transgender|transgender youth]]? ===Cambodian genocide=== * ... that the '''[[Cambodian genocide]]''' happened because [[dictator]] [[Pol Pot]] and the [[Khmer Rouge]] wanted to roll back [[Cambodia]] to "Year Zero" when every Cambodian was a [[Rural area|rural]] [[farmer]]? ===Joan Didion=== [[File:Didion1970 (cropped).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that '''[[Joan Didion]]''' ''(pictured)'' wrote her first novel, which was about a woman dying in the [[Sahara Desert]], when she was five years old? ===South Korea=== * ... that 70% of '''[[South Korea]]''' is covered by hills and mountains? ===Louise Glück=== [[File:Louise Glück circa 1977.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that in 2020, '''[[Louise Glück]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Americans|American]] woman to win the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] since 1993 and the first American poet to win since 1948? ===Boston=== * ... that from 1659 to 1681, it was [[banned]] in '''[[Boston]]''' to celebrate [[Christmas]] because the [[Pilgrims]] saw it as a "[[corruption|corrupt]] holiday"? ===Audrey Hepburn=== [[File:Audrey Hepburn 1956om (cropped).jpg|100px|right]] *...that '''[[Audrey Hepburn]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first person to be an [[List of EGOT winners|EGOT winner]] [[posthumously]]? ===Beagle=== * ... that a 2019 research found that '''[[Beagle|beagles]]''' could detect [[lung cancer]] with 97% accuracy? ===Lilo & Stitch=== * ... that the 2002 movie '''''[[Lilo & Stitch]]''''' was the first time that [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]] hand-drew its characters and used of [[watercolour|watercolors]] for its background since the 1940s? ===Susan Brownmiller=== * ... that the works of [[Americans|American]] [[feminist]] author '''[[Susan Brownmiller]]''' is said to have helped create laws that made it easier to criminally charge [[rape|rapists]]? ===Mike Schaefer=== * ... that when he was elected to the [[California State Board of Equalization|State Board of Equalization]] in 2018 at the age of 80, '''[[Mike Schaefer]]''' became the oldest [[California|Californian]] to serve in a state constitutional office? === Pig === [[File:Sus scrofa scrofa.jpg|right|100px]] *...that '''[[pig]]s''' ''(pictured)'' can be taught to play [[video game]]s? ===Catholic Church=== * ... that the '''[[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic Church]]''' has the oldest continuously used legal system in the world? ===Chuck Grassley=== [[File:Chuck Grassley official photo 2017.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that with over 40 years in the [[U.S. Senate]], '''[[Chuck Grassley]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the longest serving [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] senator in [[History of the United States|U.S. history]]? ===Lee Zeldin=== * ... that in 2022, while running for [[Governor of New York|New York Governor]], then-[[U.S. Representative]] '''[[Lee Zeldin]]''' was attacked by a [[drunk]] man who later said he did not know who Zeldin was? ===Sara Duterte=== [[File:2024-04-10 – PBBM to highlight economic cooperation, defense and maritime cooperation in historic trilateral meeting with US, Japan (03) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Sara Duterte]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Vice President of the Philippines]] to be [[impeachment|impeached]]? ===Cori Bush=== * ... that in 2021, [[nurse|registered nurse]] '''[[Cori Bush]]''' became the first [[African American]] woman to represent [[Missouri]] in the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Sussan Ley=== [[File:SL - 2012 Profile.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Sussan Ley]]''' ''(pictured)'' became [[Australia|Australia's]] first female [[Leader of the Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal Party Leader]] and [[Leader of the Opposition (Australia)|Opposition Leader]]? ===Pope Leo XIV=== * ... that '''[[Pope Leo XIV]]''' picked his papal name because of [[Pope Leo XIII]] and the "cultural shifts" the [[Roman Catholic church]] might see through [[artificial intelligence]] and [[robotics]]? ===Wesley Bell=== [[File:Rep. Wesley Bell Official Portrait.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2019, future-[[Missouri]] [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Wesley Bell]]''' ''(pictured)'' became [[St. Louis County, Missouri|St. Louis County's]] first [[African Americans|Black]] [[attorney|prosecuting attorney]]? ===Peter Dutton=== * ... that in [[2025 Australian federal election|2025]], '''[[Peter Dutton]]''' became the first [[List of Australian Leaders of the Opposition|Australian opposition leader]] to lose their [[Australian House of Representatives|parliamentary seat]] at an election? ===JB Pritzker=== [[File:JB Pritzker 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... when he was [[2022 Illinois gubernatorial election|re-elected in 2022]], [[Governor of Illinois|Illinois Governor]] '''[[JB Pritzker]]''' ''(pictured)'' had the highest vote share for any [[United States|U.S.]] [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] governor in more than 60 years? ===Toni Breidinger=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Toni Breidinger]]''' became the first [[NASCAR]] driver to model for [[Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue|''Sports Illustrated''<nowiki/>'s Swimsuit Issue]]? ===Rashida Tlaib=== [[File:Tlaib Rashida 119th Congress.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2018, '''[[Rashida Tlaib]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Muslim]] woman and the first [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]]-[[Americans|American]] woman elected to the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Anthony Albanese=== * ... that in [[2025 Australian federal election|2025]], '''[[Anthony Albanese]]''' became the first [[Prime Minister of Australia|Australian prime minister]] to win re-election since [[John Howard]] in [[2004 Australian federal election|2004]]? ===Friedrich Merz=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Friedrich Merz]]''' became the first post-war [[Chancellor of Germany|German chancellor]] not to receive the needed [[German Bundestag|confirmation votes]] in the first round of voting? ===Nicușor Dan=== [[File:Nicușor Dan 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2020, two-time [[International Mathematical Olympiad]] champion '''[[Nicușor Dan]]''' ''(pictured)'' was elected as [[Bucharest|Bucharest's]] first [[Independent politician|independent]] mayor? ===1755 Cape Ann earthquake=== * ... that the '''[[1755 Cape Ann earthquake]]''' in [[Massachusetts]] could be felt as far north as [[Nova Scotia]] in [[Canada]] and as far south as [[South Carolina]]? ===Richard Pryor=== [[File:Richard Pryor 1973 (cropped).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that in 1980, comedian '''[[Richard Pryor]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first black actor to earn a million dollars for a single movie when he starred in ''[[Stir Crazy (movie)|Stir Crazy]]''? ===Mike Waltz=== * ... that '''[[Mike Waltz]]''' was the first [[Americans|American]] [[United States Congress|congress member]] to call for a full [[United States|U.S.]] [[boycott]] of the [[2022 Winter Olympics]] in [[Beijing]] for the [[China|country's]] [[persecution of Uyghurs in China|persecution of Uyghurs]]? ===Dick Durbin=== [[File:Dick Durbin 2022 official portrait (cropped) 2.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Illinois]] [[U.S. Senator]] '''[[Dick Durbin]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the longest-serving [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate party whip]] in [[History of the United States|U.S. history]]? ===Ali France=== * ... that [[2025 Australian federal election|in 2025]], '''[[Ali France]]''' became the first person in [[History of Australia|Australian history]] to defeat an [[Leader of the Opposition (Australia)|opposition leader]] in a [[Australian House of Representatives|parliamentary election]]? === Hydrogen === [[File:Shuttle Main Engine Test Firing cropped edited and reduced.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[hydrogen]]''' fires ''(pictured)'', while being extremely hot, are almost invisible to [[human]]s, leading to accidental burns? === Water === * ... that 12 billion [[light year]]s away around a [[quasar]] there is a giant cloud of '''[[water]]''' with 140 trillion times more water than all the water on [[Earth]]? ===Michael Bloomberg=== [[File:Michael Bloomberg 2022 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2020, former [[Mayor of New York City|New York City Mayor]] '''[[Michael Bloomberg]]''' ''(pictured)'' spent the most money spent on a presidential primary campaign in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===Tammy Duckworth=== [[File:Tammy Duckworth, official portrait, 115th Congress (cropped)2.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2004, future [[Illinois]] [[U.S. Senator]] '''[[Tammy Duckworth]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Americans|American]] female [[Amputation|double amputee]] from the [[Iraq War]]? === False memory === *...that [[experiment]]s have shown that people can be made to '''[[False memory|remember events that did not take place]]'''? ===Robert F. Kennedy Jr.=== * ... that in 2013, future [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services|U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services]] '''[[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]]''' helped the [[Chipewyan|Chipewyan First Nation]] to protect their land from [[tar sands]] production? ===Catholic Church sexual abuse cases=== * ... that a study found that 81% of the victims of the '''[[Catholic Church sexual abuse cases]]''' between 1950 and the early 2000s were male? === False memory === *...that [[experiment]]s have shown that people can be made to '''[[False memory|remember events that did not take place]]'''? ===Juliana Stratton=== [[File:National Lieutenant Governor's Association (52766342026) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2020, [[Lieutenant Governor of Illinois|Illinois Lieutenant Governor]] '''[[Juliana Stratton]]''' ''(pictured)'' was one of the first customers to buy [[recreation|recreational]] [[cannabis (drug)|cannabis]] in the [[Illinois|state]]? ===Tony Evers=== * ... that in 2023, [[Governor of Wisconsin|Wisconsin Governor]] '''[[Tony Evers]]''' made a [[veto|line-item veto]] to the [[Wisconsin|state]] budget that increased school funding of $325 until the year 2425? ===Sean Baker=== [[File:Sean Baker at the 2024 New York Film Festival (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, filmmaker '''[[Sean Baker]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first person to win four [[Academy Awards]] for the [[Anora (movie)|same movie]]? ===Philippe of Belgium=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Philippe of Belgium]]''' publicly criticized [[Pope Francis]] during a welcome address of him over the [[Catholic Church sexual abuse cases|sexual abuses]] done by the [[Roman Catholic Church]] in [[Belgium]]? ===Conclave (movie)=== * ... that viewership for the 2024 movie '''''[[Conclave (movie)|Conclave]]''''' went up 283% on [[streaming media|streaming platforms]] following [[Death and funeral of Pope Francis|the death]] of [[Pope Francis]] in April 2025? ===Karoline Leavitt=== [[File:Karoline Leavitt by Gage Skidmore 2 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at the age of 27, '''[[Karoline Leavitt]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the youngest [[White House Press Secretary]] in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===John Ratcliffe=== * ... that in 2019, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found out that then-[[Director of National Intelligence|National Intelligence Director]] nominee '''[[John Ratcliffe]]''' lied about arresting "300 [[Illegal immigration|illegal immigrants]] in a single day"? ===Salem Witch Trials=== *...that some of the '''[[Salem Witch Trials]]''' only lasted 15 minutes, and resulted in people being found guilty and [[death penalty|executed]]? ===Susie Wiles=== [[File:Susie Wiles 2025 (edited crop).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Susie Wiles]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first ever female [[White House Chief of Staff]] in [[American history]]? ===Paper Mario: Color Splash=== * ... that [[Nintendo of America]] accidentally made '''''[[Paper Mario: Color Splash]]''''' available to play two weeks early? ===Austria=== * ... that the first [[postcard]]s were issued in '''[[Austria]]''' in 1869? ===Cory Booker=== [[File:Cory Booker, official portrait (119th Congress).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, at 25 hours and five minutes long, '''[[Cory Booker]]''' ''(pictured)'' made the longest speech in the history of the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]]? ===Super Mario Bros. theme=== * ... that in 2023, the '''[[Super Mario Bros. theme|''Super Mario Bros.'' theme]]''' became the first [[video game music]] track to be preserved by the U.S. [[Library of Congress]]? ===Doug Collins (politician)=== [[File:Official portrait of Douglas Collins, U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs.jpeg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs|U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs]] '''[[Doug Collins (politician)|Doug Collins]]''' ''(pictured)'' was a [[United States Navy|navy]] [[chaplain]] before entering politics? ===Air Force One (movie)=== * ... that in 2016, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' named [[Harrison Ford|Harrison Ford's]] character in the 1997 movie '''''[[Air Force One (movie)|Air Force One]]''''' the "greatest fictional [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] of all time"? ===Elise Stefanik=== [[File:Elise Stefanik, 115th official photo.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2014 at the age of 30, '''[[Elise Stefanik]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the youngest woman and youngest [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] ever elected to the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Malta=== * ... that at 316 [[Square kilometre|sq km]], '''[[Malta]]''' is the smallest country in the [[European Union]]? ===Patty Murray=== [[File:Patty Murray, official portrait, 113th Congress.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2023, [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] '''[[Patty Murray]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first female [[President pro tempore of the United States Senate]]? ===Mike Johnson=== * ... that [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker]] '''[[Mike Johnson]]''' has less experience in the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] than any other speaker since 1883? ===Fernanda Torres=== [[File:ImStillHereBFILFF131024 (4 of 36) (54065967346) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Fernanda Torres]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Brazilian people|Brazilian]], [[Latin America|Latin American]], and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese-speaking]] actor to win the [[Golden Globe Award|Golden Globe for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama]]? ===Greece=== * ... that almost 80% of '''[[Greece]]''' is made up by [[mountain|mountainous terrain]]? ===Linda McMahon=== [[File:Linda McMahon 2025 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Linda McMahon]]''' ''(pictured)'' changed [[WWE|WWE's]] [[TV Parental Guidelines|television rating]] from TV-14 to PG to attract a young generation of [[wrestling]] fans? ===Lori Chavez-DeRemer=== * ... that '''[[Lori Chavez-DeRemer]]''' lost to [[Janelle Bynum]] three times when she ran for the [[Oregon House of Representatives|Oregon State House]] and the [[U.S. House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representative]] in different elections? ===Mia Love=== [[File:Mia Love Congressional Photo.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2015, '''[[Mia Love]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[African American|Black]] [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] woman elected to the [[United States Congress]]? ===Liechtenstein=== * ... that in 1969, [[NASA]] gave '''[[Liechtenstein]]''' [[moon|moon rocks]] and a [[Flag of Liechtenstein|national flag]] that had been on the moon to thank them for their support from a local company during the [[Apollo 11]] mission? ===9 Songs=== * ... that the 2004 British romantic drama movie '''''[[9 Songs]]''''' included scenes of its two main actors actually having [[sexual intercourse]] and performing [[oral sex]] as well as a scene of [[ejaculation]]? ===Mark Carney=== [[File:Prime Minister Boris Johnson meets with Mark Carney No.10 Downing Street (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Mark Carney]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first person to become [[Prime Minister of Canada]] without holding elected public office before? ===SpongeBob SquarePants=== * ... that in 2025, '''''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]''''' became the longest-running [[United States|American]] [[children's animation|children's animated]] series? ===Muhsin Hendricks=== * ... that '''[[Muhsin Hendricks]]''' was called the world's first [[openly gay]] [[imam]]? ===Brooke Rollins=== [[File:Brooke Rollins 2025 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States Secretary of Agriculture|U.S. Secretary of Agriculture]] '''[[Brooke Rollins]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first female student body president at her ''[[alma mater]]'' [[Texas A&M University]]? ===Hurricane (dog)=== * ... that '''[[Hurricane (dog)|Hurricane]]''', a [[United States Secret Service|U.S. Secret Service]]-trained [[dog]] who protected President [[Barack Obama]] in 2014, was thought to be the most [[decoration|decorated]] dog in [[American history]]? ===Kash Patel=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Kash Patel]]''' became the youngest person and the first [[Asian Americans|Asian-American]] to become [[Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation]]? ===Emperor Penguins=== [[File:Aptenodytes forsteri MHNT.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Emperor penguin|emperor penguins]] ''' ''(egg pictured)'' are the only [[bird|birds]] in the world that can lay their [[egg|eggs]] on [[ice]]? ===Stockholm=== * ... that '''[[Stockholm]]''' is built on fourteen islands and is connected by fifty-seven bridges? ===Scott Turner (politician)=== * ... that [[United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development|U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development]] '''[[Scott Turner (politician)|Scott Turner]]''' once played for the [[National Football League|NFL]] and was a [[United States Congress|congressional]] [[intern]] afterwards? ===Mikey Madison=== [[File:Mikey Madison at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Mikey Madison]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Gen Z]] actress to win an [[Academy Award]]? ===R. Budd Dwyer=== * ... that in 1987, [[Pennsylvania]] [[lawmaker]] '''[[R. Budd Dwyer]]''' publicly [[suicide|committed suicide]] during a live press conference, which was [[broadcasting|broadcasted]] throughout the state? ===Sean Duffy=== * ... that before entering politics, [[United States Secretary of Transportation|U.S. Secretary of Transportation]] '''[[Sean Duffy]]''' was a cast member of the [[MTV]] [[reality television]] series ''[[The Real World|The Real World: Boston]]''? === Miss Meyers === * ... that racehorse '''[[Miss Meyers]]''' only started racing well after she turned four years old, then won what would be $156,000 today in the same year? ===Drug cartel=== * ... that a 2025 report by the [[United States Department of Justice|U.S. Department of Justice]] found that 74% of [[firearms]] used by the '''[[Drug cartel|Mexican drug cartels]]''' came from the [[United States]]? ===Frankétienne=== [[File:Jean Laposte 2 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1975, '''[[Frankétienne]]''' ''(pictured)'' wrote the first novel entirely written in [[Haitian Creole]]? ===Doughtnuts=== *...that [[Canada]] has the most '''[[doughnut]]''' shops per person? ===European Union=== * ... that the '''[[European Union]]''' is the world's largest single-market and would be the third largest country in the world if it were independent? ===Howard Lutnick=== [[File:Howard Lutnick (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States Secretary of Commerce|U.S. Secretary of Commerce]] '''[[Howard Lutnick]]''' ''(pictured)'' survived the [[Collapse of the World Trade Center|collapse]] of the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] during the [[September 11 attacks]]? ===Thutmose II=== * ... that in 2022, the discovery of the [[tomb]] of '''[[Thutmose II]]''' became the first royal tomb to be discovered since [[King Tutankhamun|King Tutankhamun's]] in 1922? ===Souleymane Cissé=== * ... that '''[[Souleymane Cissé]]''' is the first director from [[sub-Saharan Africa]] to receive an award at the [[Cannes Film Festival]]? ===Alice Weidel=== [[File:2019-09-01 Wahlabend Sachsen by Sandro Halank–039.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Alice Weidel]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[lesbian]] to serve as a leader candidate for the [[Alternative for Germany|Alternative for Germany Party]]? ===Pete Hegseth=== * ... that [[United States Secretary of Defense|U.S. Secretary of Defense]] '''[[Pete Hegseth]]''' volunteered to be a [[National Guard (United States)|National Guard]] for [[Joe Biden|Joe Biden's]] [[Inauguration of Joe Biden|inauguration in 2021]], but was removed for posting [[Extremism|extremist views]] online? ===Klaus Iohannis=== [[File:Клаус Йоханнис (52539721210).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Klaus Iohannis]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[President of Romania]] belonging to an [[Ethnic group|ethnic minority]]? ===Athens=== * ... that '''[[Athens]]''' is [[Europe|Europe's]] oldest continuously active [[capital city]]? ===Saturday Night Live=== * ... that as of 2022, '''''[[Saturday Night Live]]''''' had received more than 305 [[Primetime Emmy Award]] nominations, the most received by any television program? ===Friedrich Merz=== [[File:2025-02-17 ARD-Wahlarena zur Bundestagswahl 2025 by Sandro Halank–050.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Chancellor of Germany|German Chancellor]] '''[[Friedrich Merz]]''' ''(pictured)'' is a licensed pilot and owns two airplanes? ===Luxembourg=== * ... that in 2020, '''[[Luxembourg]]''' became the first country in the world to make all [[public transport]] free to use? ===Ed Broadbent=== [[File:Ed Broadbent in 2019 (3x4 crop).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that the [[state funeral]] of '''[[Ed Broadbent]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first for a [[Canada|Canadian]] [[political party|party leader]] who was never [[Prime Minister of Canada|prime minister]] or [[Leader of the Opposition (Canada)|opposition leader]]? ===Gisèle Pelicot=== * ... that in 2020, '''[[Gisèle Pelicot]]''' discovered that she was being [[Rapes of Gisèle Pelicot|drugged and raped by her husband and 83 other men]] for nine years? ===Roberta Metsola=== [[File:Roberta Metsola 2022.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that in 2022, '''[[Roberta Metsola]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first woman and youngest person to be elected [[President of the European Parliament]]? ===Texas=== * ... that before becoming a [[States of the U.S.|U.S. state]] in 1845, '''[[Texas]]''' was its [[Republic of Texas|own country]] for almost ten years? ===Manneken Pis=== *...that the statue '''[[Manneken Pis]]''' in [[Brussels]], which shows a boy [[urination|urinating]] into a fountain, also inspired other similar figures in Brussels? ===Caroline Chew=== [[File:Carolinechew.jpg|right|100px]] *...that '''[[Caroline Chew]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Singapore]]an [[equestrian]] to be in the [[Olympic Games]]? ===Peru=== * ... that '''[[Peru]]''' is where [[potatoes]] were first [[gardening|cultivated]] by [[Inca Empire|the Incas]]? ===Dora Bakoyannis=== [[File:Dora Bakoyannis-headshot.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Dora Bakoyannis]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first female mayor of [[Athens]] and the first female mayor of a city to have hosted the [[Olympic Games]]? ===New York (state)=== * ... that the [[States of the U.S.|U.S. state]] of '''[[New York (state)|New York]]''' has over 70,000 miles of [[river]]s and [[stream]]s? ===Donn Moomaw=== [[File:Donn Moomaw 1951 (full).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Donn Moomaw]]''' ''(pictured)'' refused to play with the [[Los Angeles Rams]] since they played on Sundays and later became a [[Presbyterian]] [[Minister (Christianity)|minister]]? ===Bart De Wever=== * ... that '''[[Bart De Wever]]''' is the first [[Flemish Movement|Flemish nationalist]] to become [[Prime Minister of Belgium]]? ===Joe Lieberman=== [[File:Joe Lieberman official Senate portrait Retouched.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that in [[2000 United States presidential election|2000]], [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] '''[[Joe Lieberman]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first practicing [[Jewish|Jew]] to run for [[Vice President of the United States|vice president]]? ===Aga Khan IV=== * ... that in 2014, '''[[Aga Khan IV]]''' became the first faith leader to address a joint session of the [[Parliament of Canada]]? ===Fernanda Montenegro=== [[File:Fernanda Montenegro em 2015 cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Fernanda Montenegro]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Brazilian people|Brazilian]] to be nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Actress]]? ===Ralph Lauren=== [[File:Ralph Lauren 3x4.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Ralph Lauren]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[fashion designer]] to be honored with the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]]? ===Nicaragua=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Nicaragua]]''' became a [[diarchy]] with [[Daniel Ortega]] and his wife [[Rosario Murillo]] becoming [[President of Nicaragua|co-presidents]]? ===Pam Bondi=== [[File:Pam Bondi 2018.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States Attorney General]] '''[[Pam Bondi]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first woman to be elected [[Florida Attorney General|Florida state attorney general]]? ===Kelly Loeffler=== * ... that former [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] '''[[Kelly Loeffler]]''' once owned the [[Atlanta Dream]] [[basketball|basketball team]], but sold it in 2021 because of her opinions of the [[Black Lives Matter|Black Lives Matter movement]]? ===Chappell Roan=== [[File:Chappell Roan @ Hollywood Palladium 11 18 2022 (53886800138).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that singer-songwriter '''[[Chappell Roan]]''' ''(pictured)'' got her [[stage name]] from her grandfather Dennis Chappell and his favorite song, "The Strawberry Roan"? ===Dick Button=== * ... that [[Emmy Award]]-winning sports commentator '''[[Dick Button]]''' is the only [[Americans|American]] man to win the [[European Figure Skating Championships]]? ===Usha Vance=== [[File:Usha Vance, official portrait (2025) (cropped reasonable).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, lawyer '''[[Usha Vance]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Indian Americans|Indian-American]] and first [[Millennials|Millennial]] [[Second ladies and gentlemen of the United States|U.S. Second Lady]] in [[American history]]? ===Chris Wright=== * ... that in 2019, future [[United States Secretary of Energy|U.S. Energy Secretary]] '''[[Chris Wright]]''' drank [[fracking|fracking fluid]] to prove it was not dangerous? ===Algeria=== * ... that '''[[Algeria]]''' is the largest country in [[Africa]]? ===Marco Rubio=== [[File:Official portrait of Secretary Marco Rubio, January 2025.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, [[United States Secretary of State|U.S. Secretary of State]] '''[[Marco Rubio]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the highest-ranking [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic American]] official in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===Ahmed al-Sharaa=== * ... that the [[United States]] had a $10 million [[bounty (reward)|bounty]] against '''[[Ahmed al-Sharaa]]''', however removed it when he became the [[Syrian transitional government|Syrian transitional]] [[President of Syria|leader]] in [[Fall of Damascus|2024]]? ===Richard Williamson (bishop)=== [[File:Bishop Richard Williamson.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Auxiliary bishop]] '''[[Richard Williamson (bishop)|Richard Williamson]]''' ''(pictured)'' had his [[excommunicated|excommunication]] lifted in 2009 by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] only to be excommunicated again in 2013 for his [[Holocaust denial]] views? ===Charli D'Amelio=== [[File:Charli D'Amelio at KCAs 2023 01.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2020, '''[[Charli D'Amelio]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[TikTok]] celebrity to have a both 50 million followers and 100 million followers? ===January 20–22, 2025 Gulf Coast blizzard=== * ... that the '''[[January 20–22, 2025 Gulf Coast blizzard]]''' was the first recorded [[blizzard]] on the [[Gulf Coast]] ever? ===Scott Bessent=== [[File:Scott Bessent, official portrait (2025) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, [[United States Secretary of the Treasury|U.S. Treasury Secretary]] '''[[Scott Bessent]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the highest-ranking openly [[LGBT|LGBT person]] in [[American history]]? ===Lynn Ban=== * ... that jewelry designer '''[[Lynn Ban]]''' agreed to appear on the [[Netflix]] reality show ''[[Bling Empire: New York]]'' to go against the "[[stereotype]]s of ''[[Crazy Rich Asians (movie)|Crazy Rich Asians]]''"? ===Valerie André=== * ... that in 1976, [[French resistance|resistance]] official '''[[Valerie André]]''' became the first female member of the [[French Army|French military]] to become [[General Officer]]? ===Lluvia de Peces=== * ... that in the small town of [[Honduras|Yoro, Honduras]], residents experience "'''[[Lluvia de Peces]]'''" or "Rain of Fish" annually? ===Belly dance=== *...that in 2006, [[Hamas]] outlawed '''[[Belly dance|bellydancing]]''' because they saw it as [[islam|unislamic]]? ===Second inauguration of Donald Trump=== * ... that the '''[[Second inauguration of Donald Trump|second inauguration of Donald Trump]]''' is the first to be held indoors in the [[United States Capitol]] since [[Ronald Reagan|Ronald Reagan's]] [[Second inauguration of Ronald Reagan|second inauguration in 1985]]? ===Cormac McCarthy=== [[File:Cormac McCarthy (The Orchard Keeper author portrait).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that '''[[Cormac McCarthy]]''' ''(pictured)'', whose novel was [[No Country for Old Men (movie)|made into an Academy Award-winning movie]], was called the "best unknown novelist in [[United States|America]]" and rarely had an [[agent]]? ===Wendell Berry=== * ... that in 2015, '''[[Wendell Berry]]''' became the first living writer to be added to the [[Kentucky Writers Hall of Fame]]? ===January 2025 Southern California wildfires=== * ... that the '''[[January 2025 Southern California wildfires]]''' had multiple [[wildfires]], two of which are the second and fourth most destructive fires in [[California|California's history]]? ===William Shatner=== [[File:William Shatner Biohacker Expo 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2021 at the age of 90, ''[[Star Trek]]'' actor '''[[William Shatner]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the oldest person to fly in [[Outer space|space]]? ===António Guterres=== * ... that in 2017, former [[Prime Minister of Portugal|Portuguese Prime Minister]] '''[[António Guterres]]''' became the first national leader to become [[United Nations Secretary-General]]? ===Mark Rutte=== [[File:Mark Rutte, 23.03.23 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2010, '''[[Mark Rutte]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Liberalism|liberal]] [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands|Dutch prime minister]] since 1918? ===Benjamin Netanyahu=== * ... that in 2019, '''[[Benjamin Netanyahu]]''' became the first sitting [[Prime Minister of Israel|prime minister]] in [[Israel|Israel's]] history to be criminally charged? ===Minnesota=== * ... that the [[United States|U.S. state]] of '''[[Minnesota]]''' got its name from the [[Sioux|Sioux language]], meaning "sky-tinted water" or "cloudy water"? ===Jane Fonda=== [[File:Jane Fonda 1963.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1964, '''[[Jane Fonda]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Americans|American]] actress to have a [[nude|nude scene]] in a foreign movie? ===Valdas Adamkus=== * ... that before becoming [[President of Lithuania]], '''[[Valdas Adamkus]]''' worked for the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]] as a deputy administrator in the 1970s? ===Olivia Rodrigo=== [[File:OlivaRO2150524 (38) (53727178601) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] *...that '''[[Olivia Rodrigo]]''' ''(pictured)'' was inspired by [[Taylor Swift]] to start singing? ===iPhone 14 Pro=== * ... that in 2022, the '''[[iPhone 14 Pro]]''' became the first [[iPhone]] to have an always-on display? ===Karla Sofía Gascón=== [[File:Karla Sofia Gascon at TIFF 2024 the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Karla Sofía Gascón]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[transgender woman]] nominated for a [[Golden Globe Award]] and an [[Academy Award]]? ===Jean-Marie Le Pen=== * ... that in 2015, '''[[Jean-Marie Le Pen]]''' was banned from his own [[National Rally|political party]] by [[Marine Le Pen|his daughter]] after saying good things about the [[gas chamber]]s used in [[The Holocaust]]? ===Wolfgang Schäuble=== * ... that '''[[Wolfgang Schäuble|Wolfgang Schäuble's]]''' 2014 [[budget]] as [[Germany|Germany's]] [[Federal Ministry of Finance (Germany)|Finance Minister]] allowed the country to take on no new [[debt]] for the first time since 1969? ===PewDiePie=== [[File:Pewdiepie head shot.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2016, '''[[PewDiePie]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Youtube]]r to have 50 million subscribers? ===iPhone 8=== * ... that in 2017, the '''[[iPhone 8]]''' became the first [[iPhone]] to have a wireless charger? ===MrBeast=== [[File:CrunchLabs - MrBeast Opened the WRONG BOX!!! (MRus4BCPRyY - 0m28s) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2024, '''[[MrBeast]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the most subscribed [[Youtube]] channel after passing [[T-Series]]? ===iPhone 12 Pro=== * ... that in 2020, the '''[[iPhone 12 Pro]]''' became the first [[iPhone]] to have [[5G]]? ===Pope Clement X=== [[File:Portrait of Pope Clement X, by Giovanni Battista Gaulli (Baciccio) - Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at the age of 79, '''[[Pope Clement X]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the oldest person to be elected [[List of popes|pope]]? ===Ebenezer Scrooge=== * ... that '''[[Ebenezer Scrooge]]''', the main character of ''[[A Christmas Carol]]'', was said to have been inspired by a [[Dutch people|Dutch]] [[grave|gravedigger]]? ===Morris Dees=== [[File:Morris Dees Boston 2015 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that civil rights activist and co-founder of the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]] '''[[Morris Dees]]''' ''(pictured)'' was inspired by [[Atticus Finch]] to become a lawyer? ===Pope Benedict IX=== * ... that '''[[Pope Benedict IX]]''' was likely 12 years old when he became [[List of popes|pope]] and was pope three separate times? ===iPhone 15=== [[File:Apple iPhone 15 Pink (November 1, 2024).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2023, the '''[[IPhone 15|iPhone 15]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[iPhone]] to have a [[USB-C|USB Type C]]? ===Nude calendar=== *... that in 1999, a group of middle-aged Englishwomen posing [[nude]] to raise money for [[leukemia]] research were the first to do a '''[[Nude calendar|nude calendar for charity]]'''? ===Kristrún Frostadóttir=== [[File:Kristrún Frostadóttir 2021.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[2024 Icelandic parliamentary election|2024]] at the age of 36, '''[[Kristrún Frostadóttir]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the youngest [[Prime Minister of Iceland|prime minister]] in [[Iceland|Icelandic history]]? ===Superman (2025 movie)=== * ... that within 24 hours of its release, the [[trailer (movie)|trailer]] for the 2025 [[DC Universe (franchise)|DCU movie]] '''''[[Superman (2025 movie)|Superman]]''''' became the most viewed [[Warner Bros.]] trailer of all time with over 250 million views? ===Manmohan Singh=== [[File:Manmohan Singh 2007.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2004, '''[[Manmohan Singh]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Sikh]] to be elected [[Prime Minister of India]]? ===Chris Hoy=== * ... that six-time Olympic champion cyclist '''[[Chris Hoy]]''' was inspired to cycle at age six because of the 1982 movie ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]''? ===Valkyrae=== [[File:Valkyrae for 100 Thieves (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Valkyrae]]''' ''(pictured)'' has been [[YouTube]]'s most-watched female [[live stream|streamer]] since 2020? ===António Costa=== * ... that '''[[António Costa|António Costa's]]''' time as [[Prime Minister of Portugal]] is the longest of any national leader of the [[Iberian Peninsula]] in the [[21st century]]? ===Dragonfruit=== [[File:Fruits mûrs.JPG|100px|right]] *..that '''[[Dragonfruit|dragonfruits]]''' ''(pictured)'' are the [[fruit]] of a [[cactus]]? ===Pierre Poilievre=== * ... that after being elected to the [[Parliament of Canada]] in [[2004 Canadian federal election|2004]] at the age of 25, future [[Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)|Opposition Leader]] '''[[Pierre Poilievre]]''' was the youngest [[Member of Parliament|MP]] at the time? ===Gracie Abrams=== [[File:Gracie Abrams @ El Rey Theatre 03 05 2022 (52297975314) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that after her song "[[That's So True]]" was number six on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]], '''[[Gracie Abrams]]''' ''(pictured)'' said she wrote the song while [[intoxicated|drunk]]? ===Warren G. Harding=== * ... that in 1922, '''[[Warren G. Harding]]''' became the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to have his voice [[Transmitter|transmitted]] by radio? ===Herbert Hoover=== [[File:President Hoover portrait.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1927 while he was [[United States Secretary of Commerce|Secretary of Commerce]], '''[[Herbert Hoover]]''' ''(pictured)'' appeared on the first public [[demonstration]] of a [[broadcast|television broadcast]] in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===Calvin Coolidge=== * ... that '''[[Calvin Coolidge]]''' was the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to lead a public celebration of the [[Christmas]] holidays? ===Pink elephant=== *..that '''[[Pink elephant|pink elephants]]''' exist because of [[Albinism|albinism]]? ===Franklin Pierce=== [[File:Portrait of Franklin Pierce (by George Peter Alexander Healy, 1853).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that '''[[Franklin Pierce]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to take the [[oath of office]] on a law book instead of the bible? ===William McKinley=== * ... that '''[[William McKinley|William McKinley's]]''' [[inauguration]] was the first to be filmed, making him the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to ever be filmed? ===Michel Barnier=== [[File:Michel Barnier 2020.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2024 at the age of 73, '''[[Michel Barnier]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the oldest [[Prime Minister of France|prime minister]] in the [[French Fifth Republic]]? ===Harry S. Truman=== * ... that in 1945, '''[[Harry S. Truman]]''' became the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] in office to use [[Air Force One|air travel]] within the [[United States|country]]? ===Occupation of the Hainburger Au=== * ... that in 1984, 40,000 people took part in the '''[[Occupation of the Hainburger Au]]''' in [[Vienna]] to [[protest]] against the building of a [[power plant]]? ===Charles Dickens=== [[File:Dickens Gurney head.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Charles Dickens]]''' ''(pictured)'' made less money than expected with the sales of ''[[A Christmas Carol]]'', making £230 instead of his expected £1,000? ===Compulsory sterilization=== *...that to fight [[climate change]], the aid agency of the government of the United Kingdom still supports '''[[Compulsory sterilization|compulsory sterilization]]''' in [[India]]? ===William Henry Harrison=== [[File:William Henry Harrison daguerreotype edit.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that the [[inauguration|inaugural address]] of [[President of the United States|President]] '''[[William Henry Harrison]]''' ''(pictured)'', the first speech of his month-long presidency, is the longest in [[American history]], lasting almost two hours? ===Millard Fillmore=== * ... that in 1851, [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[Millard Fillmore]]''' personally fought a fire at the [[Library of Congress]] and then signed a [[Bill (proposed law)|bill]] to fund all the books destroyed in the fire? ===Zachary Taylor=== [[File:Zachary Taylor restored and cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Zachary Taylor]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the last [[President of the United States]] to own [[slaves]] while he was still in office? ===James Buchanan=== * ... that in 1858, [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[James Buchanan]]''' received the first [[telegram]] sent by the [[Transatlantic telegraph cable]]? ===Holly Cairns=== [[File:Holly Cairns, April 2023 (headshot).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[2020 Irish general election|2020]], future [[Social Democrats (Ireland)|Social Democrats Leader]] '''[[Holly Cairns]]''' ''(pictured)'' ran against her then-boyfriend [[Christopher O'Sullivan]] for a seat in the [[Teachta Dála]]? ===James Monroe=== * ... that '''[[James Monroe]]''' is the only [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] besides [[George Washington]] with a [[Liberia|country's]] [[Monrovia|capital]] named after him? ===Sunflower=== [[File:Helianthus whorl.jpg|right|100px]] *...that the tallest '''[[sunflower]]''' ''(pictured)'' was 9.17 [[metres]] high? ===James A. Garfield=== * ... that [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[James A. Garfield]]''' could write in [[Greek]] with his left [[hand]] and [[Latin]] with his right hand at the same time? ===Antipope Felix V=== [[File:Nuremberg chronicles f 242v 2 (Felix V).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that '''[[Antipope Felix V|Felix V]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the last [[antipope]] in the history of the [[Catholic Church]]? ===Paternalism=== *..that there was a time when [[Ford Motor Company]] checked that their [[employee]]s '''[[Paternalism|regularly went to chuch]]'''? ===Jair Bolsonaro=== [[File:Jair Bolsonaro 2021 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in November 2024, former [[President of Brazil|Brazilian President]] '''[[Jair Bolsonaro]]''' ''(pictured)'' was formally accused by the national police for having knowledge about an [[assassination|assassination plot]] against his [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva|successor]]? ===Chihuahua (dog)=== * ... that the name for '''[[Chihuahua (dog)|Chihuahuas]]''' comes from the [[Na'huatl]] word for "between two waters" and the name is older than the [[Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire|Spanish Conquest of Mexico]]? ===Nancy Reagan=== [[File:Nancy Reagan.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that after [[Ronald Reagan|her husband]] survived an [[Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan|assassination attempt]], [[First Lady of the United States|U.S. First Lady]] '''[[Nancy Reagan]]''' ''(pictured)'' hired an [[astrology|astrologer]] to review and create his schedule to make sure he would be safe? ===Pig=== * ... that '''[[Pig|pigs]]''' have the longest [[orgasm]] in [[mammals]], with an average of 30 minutes, but it can last for as long as 90 minutes? ===The Scream=== [[File:The Scream.jpg||right|100px]] *...that the famous picture, '''''[[The Scream]]''''' ''(pictured)'', is worth 55 million dollars? ===Gotham City=== * ... that '''[[Gotham City]]''', a fictional [[DC Comics]] city, is said to be in [[New Jersey]] and is inspired by [[New York City]], [[Chicago]] and [[London]]? ===Theodore Edgar McCarrick=== [[File:Theodore McCarrick 207-DP-8339A (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2018, '''[[Theodore Edgar McCarrick]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[cardinal (Catholic Church)|Cardinal]] to resign from the [[College of Cardinals]] because of [[sexual abuse]] accusations? ===Brigitte Macron=== * ... that at age 40, '''[[Brigitte Macron|Brigitte Auzière]]''' met her husband, [[Emmanuel Macron]], when he was her 15 year-old student and a classmate of her daughter? ===René Henry Gracida=== * ... that [[bishop]] '''[[René Henry Gracida]]''' [[boycott|boycotted]] [[PepsiCo]] because they used "[[Like a Prayer (song)|Like a Prayer]]" by [[Madonna]] in one of their commercials and thought it was [[Sacrilege|sacrilegious]]? ===Sarah Frey=== [[File:Sarah Frey-Talley (19494902783) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Sarah Frey]]''' ''(pictured)'', who has been called "the Pumpkin Queen of [[United States|America]]", started her [[farm]]ing company at the age of 16? ===Choking game=== *...that a '''[[choking game]]''' is different from [[erotic asphyxiation]], and that most children playing these games do this to get high without taking drugs? ===Harley Quinn=== [[File:Harley Quinn 2015 Calgary Expo – Calgary Comic & Entertainment Expo (17033582449).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[DC Comics]] villain '''[[Harley Quinn]]''' ''(pictured)'' was created for the 1992 series ''[[Batman: The Animated Series]]'' and was only meant to appear in one episode? ===Poison Ivy (character)=== * ... that [[DC Comics]] villain '''[[Poison Ivy (character)|Poison Ivy]]''' was created because there was a need for more female villains on the 1966 series ''[[Batman (TV series)|Batman]]''? ===Catwoman=== [[File:Catwoman cosplayer (33483657440) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Bob Kane|Bob Kane's]] inspirations behind [[DC Comics]] [[antihero]] '''[[Catwoman]]''' ''(pictured)'' included actresses [[Jean Harlow]], [[Hedy Lamarr]], and his own cousin? ===Carmine Falcone=== * ... that [[John Turturro]] refused to play [[DC Comics|comic]] [[mafia|mob boss]] '''[[Carmine Falcone]]''' in TV series ''[[The Penguin (TV series)|The Penguin]]'' because it showed [[violence against women]]? ===Yassamin Ansari=== * ... that [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Yassamin Ansari]]''' was the first [[Iranian Americans|Iranian American]] elected to public office in [[Arizona]] and the second elected to the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Jimmy Carter=== [[File:Words from the President (42757498962) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2024, at the age of 100, former [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[Jimmy Carter]]''' ''(pictured)'' was nominated for a [[Grammy Award]], making him the oldest nominee ever? ===Los Alamos National Laboratory=== * ... that the '''[[Los Alamos National Laboratory]]''', where the [[Manhattan Project]] happened, has almost 900 facilities, thirteen of which are [[Nuclear weapon|nuclear-related]], and costs about $39.1 billion to repair? ===Pear=== [[File:Peer 'Bonne Louise d'Avranches' (Pyrus communis).jpg|right|100px]] *...that there are 3,000 known kinds of '''[[pear]]s''' ''(pictured)'' that are grown worldwide? ===Kemi Badenoch=== [[File:Official portrait of Kemi Badenoch MP crop 2, 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[2024 Conservative Party leadership election|2024]], [[Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party Leader]] '''[[Kemi Badenoch]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Black British|black]] leader of any [[List of political parties in the United Kingdom|major political party]] in the [[United Kingdom]]? ===Popsicle=== *...that the '''[[popsicle]]''' was accidentally made by an eleven-year-old boy named Frank Epperson in 1905? ===Sarah McBride=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Sarah McBride]]''' was elected as the first openly [[transgender]] member of the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]], having already been the first transgender state senator in [[Delaware]]? ===Tulsi Gabbard=== [[File:Tulsi Gabbard, official portrait, 113th Congress (cropped 3).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Tulsi Gabbard]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Samoan Americans|Samoan American]] and the first [[Hindu]] member of the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Miranda Hart=== * ... that in 2017, '''[[Miranda Hart]]''' became the first solo female presenter for the [[Royal Variety Performance]] in 105 years? ===Richard Feynman=== * ... that [[Manhattan Project]] member and [[List of Nobel Prize winners in Physics|Nobel Prize]] winner '''[[Richard Feynman]]''' is said to have helped uncover the reasons behind the [[Space Shuttle Challenger disaster|Space Shuttle ''Challenger'' disaster]]? ===Aella (writer)=== [[File:210919 Aella A Data Driven Approach to Sex Work -hru 3 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Aella (writer)|Aella]]''' ''(pictured)'', one of the highest-earning creators on [[OnlyFans]], also does research about the "[[ecosystem]]" of online [[sex worker]]s? ===Witch child=== *...that even though the practice of '''[[Witch child|killing children suspected of witchcraft]]''' has been done in [[Africa]], children have also been ritually killed in the [[United Kingdom]] for this reason? ===Great Pacific Garbage Patch=== *...that the '''[[Great Pacific Garbage Patch]]''' is at least the size of [[Texas]] and is mostly made of [[ghost net|lost fishing nets]]? ===XXXTentacion=== [[File:XXXTENTACION mugshot 7 14 2016 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that three years after his death, five of '''[[XXXTentacion|XXXTentacion's]]''' ''(pictured)'' unreleased [[SoundCloud]] songs were released as [[Non-fungible token|NFTs]] for charity? ===Mayra Gómez Kemp=== * ... that Cuban-Spanish entertainer '''[[Mayra Gómez Kemp]]''' is believed to be the first woman to host a television quiz show? ===Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō]]''' became the [[Māori King movement|Māori Queen]] at the age of 27, younger than the [[Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani|youngest reigning monarch]] of a [[sovereign nation]]? ===D. B. Cooper=== [[File:DBCooper.jpg|100px|right]] *...that more than fifty years after he jumped from a plane he had [[Aircraft hijacking|hijacked]], '''[[D. B. Cooper|D. B Cooper's]]''' ''(pictured)'' identity is still unknown? === Annalisa === [[File:Annalisa al suo concerto al Forum di Milano.jpg|right|100px]] *...that in 2024, Italian singer '''[[Annalisa]]''' ''(pictured)'' got an [[asteroid]] named after her? ===Reagan (2024 movie)=== * ... that in 2024, [[Facebook]] stopped the biographical movie '''''[[Reagan (2024 movie)|Reagan]]''''' from releasing ads on its platform believing they were trying to impact the [[2024 United States presidential election|2024 U.S. presidential election]]? ===Herbert A. Simon=== * ... that [[economist]] '''[[Herbert A. Simon]]''' is the first person to win a [[Turing Award]] and a [[Nobel Prize]]? ===Han Kang=== [[File:Han Kang - 2017 (cropped).png|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Han Kang]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[South Korea]]n writer and first female writer from [[Asia]] to win the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]? ===Ralph Steinman=== * ... that the [[Nobel Prize|Nobel Committee]] decided that '''[[Ralph Steinman]]''', who died three days before being honored, could keep his [[List of Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine|award]] despite their rule against [[Posthumous award|posthumous recognitions]]? ===Xi Jinping=== [[File:Chinese President Xi May 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Xi Jinping]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party|Chinese leader]] born after the establishment of the [[People's Republic of China]] in 1949? ===Geoffrey Hinton=== * ... that [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel laureate]] '''[[Geoffrey Hinton]]''', who has been called the "godfather of [[Artificial intelligence|AI]]", stopped working for [[Google]] in 2023 to 'freely' talk about the risks of [[AI]]? ===Narendra Modi=== [[File:PM Modi Portrait(cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2014, '''[[Narendra Modi]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Prime Minister of India|Indian prime minister]] to be born after the [[India|country's]] [[Independence Day (India)|independence]] from the [[British Empire]]? ===Donald Sutherland=== * ... that '''[[Donald Sutherland]]''' agreed to play [[Coriolanus Snow]] in ''[[The Hunger Games (movie)|The Hunger Games]]'' because he wanted younger viewers to start a [[Revolution|revolutionary movement]] in the [[United States]]? ===Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands=== [[File:Willem-Alexander Claus George Ferdinand (Isaac Herzog visit to the Netherlands) Portrait.jpeg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2013, '''[[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|King Willem-Alexander]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[List of monarchs of the Netherlands|male monarch]] of [[the Netherlands]] since 1890? ===Dick Schoof=== * ... that in August 2024, [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands|Dutch Prime Minister]] '''[[Dick Schoof]]''' banned members of his [[cabinet]] from using cellphones during meetings to stop the threat of [[espionage]]? ===Amazing Grace=== * ... that the new [[verse]]s in '''"[[Amazing Grace]]"''' that [[Harriet Beecher Stowe]] wrote in ''[[Uncle Tom's Cabin]]'' were passed down in [[African-American]] communities and churches? ===Sabrina Carpenter=== [[File:Sabrina Carpenter - O2 Arena 2025 - 049 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Sabrina Carpenter]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first female artist to hold the number one and two positions on the [[UK Singles Chart|UK singles chart]] for three weeks in a row? ===Sir William Ramsay=== * ... that after discovering [[helium]], [[neon]], [[argon]], [[krypton]], and [[xenon]], '''[[William Ramsay|Sir William Ramsay]]''' helped make [[noble gas]]es a new group in the [[periodic table]]? ===Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki=== * ... that there were about 160 people who were present and survived both of the '''[[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki]]'''? ===Krypton=== *...that the [[chemical element|element]] '''[[Krypton]]''' was found in 1898, but it took over 60 years to find a [[chemical compound]] of Krypton? ===Bernard Hill=== [[File:Bernard Hill cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Bernard Hill]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the only actor to appear in two of the three movies with the most [[Academy Awards]] of all time? ===Teddy bear=== * ... that '''[[Teddy bear|teddy bears]]''' are named after [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[Theodore Roosevelt|Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt]] because he refused to kill a [[bear]] during a hunting event? ===John Hickenlooper=== * ... that before becoming [[Colorado|Colorado's]] [[Governor of Colorado|governor]] and [[United States Senate|senator]], '''[[John Hickenlooper]]''' opened the state's first [[brewpub]]? ===Al Capone=== [[File:Al Capone in 1930.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that a few years after he was released from [[prison]], '''[[Al Capone]]''' ''(pictured)'' had the mental capacity of a 12-year-old even though he was over 40 years old? ===Denver=== * ... that '''[[Denver]]''' is [[nickname]]d the "Mile High City" because its official [[elevation]] is exactly one mile [[above sea level]]? ===Manila=== * ... that '''[[Manila]]''' was established as a [[Muslim]] settlement in the 13th century and later as a Spanish [[colony|colonial]] city in 1571? ===Shigeru Ishiba=== [[File:Ishiba Shigeru 20241001 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1986, future [[Prime Minister of Japan|Japanese Prime Minister]] '''[[Shigeru Ishiba]]''' ''(pictured)'' was elected to the [[House of Representatives (Japan)|House of Representatives]] at age 29, becoming the youngest House member at the time? ===Moulin Rouge=== * ... that about 800 bottles of [[Champagne (wine)|champagne]] are consumed during a typical day at the '''[[Moulin Rouge]]''', likely making it the largest single consumer of champagne in the world? ===Kesaria Abramidze=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Kesaria Abramidze]]''', the first person in the country [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] to admit to being [[transgender]], was murdered a day after the country passed an anti-[[LGBTQ+]] [[Bill (proposed law)|bill]]? ===Ana Brnabić=== [[File:Ana Brnabić 2023.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2017, '''[[Ana Brnabić]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first woman and the first openly [[gay]] person elected as [[Prime Minister of Serbia|Serbian Prime Minister]]? ===Lee Grant=== * ... that '''[[Lee Grant]]''' is the only [[Academy Award]]-winning actor to also direct an Academy Award-winning [[documentary]]? ===Droupadi Murmu=== * ... that '''[[Droupadi Murmu]]''' is the first person born after [[India|India's]] [[Indian independence movement|independence]] in 1947 to have been [[2022 Indian presidential election|elected]] [[President of India|president]]? ===Anna Kendrick=== [[File:Anna Kendrick May 2016.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1998, '''[[Anna Kendrick]]''' ''(pictured)'' was nominated for the [[Tony Award|Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical]] at the age of 12? ===Sophie Wells=== * ... that, even though she won ten [[Paralympic Games|Paralympic]] medals in [[para-equestrian|equestrian]], '''[[Sophie Wells]]''' is [[allergy|allergic]] to horses? ===Anne Hathaway=== * ... that [[Academy Award]]-winning actress '''[[Anne Hathaway]]''' originally wanted to be a [[Catholic]] [[nun]]? ===Otis Davis=== [[File:Otis Davis (1960).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[1960 Summer Olympics|1960]], '''[[Otis Davis]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first man to break the 45-second barrier during a [[400 metres|400 m event]] at the [[Summer Olympics]]? ===Margot Robbie=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Margot Robbie]]''' was named by ''[[Forbes]]'' as the world's highest-paid actress in 2023, with earnings of $78 million? ===Nestor Makhno=== [[File:1921. Нестор Махно в лагере для перемещенных лиц в Румынии (cropped).jpg|100px|right]] *...that '''[[Nestor Makhno]]''' ''(pictured)'' fought against both the [[White Army]] and the [[Red Army]] during the [[Russian Civil War]]? ===Montgomery Bus Boycott=== *...that in 1955, [[Rosa Parks]] was [[arrest]]ed, because she did not give up a '''[[Montgomery bus boycott|seat in a public bus]]'''? ===Audrey Hepburn=== [[File:Audrey Hepburn Roman Holiday cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Audrey Hepburn]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first actress to win an [[Academy Award]], a [[Golden Globe Award]] and a [[BAFTA Award]] for the same role? ===Sir John Gielgud=== * ... that in 1991 at the age of 87, '''[[John Gielgud|Sir John Gielgud]]''' became the oldest [[List of EGOT winners|EGOT winner]] and the first [[LGBT]] person to become one? ===Rita Moreno=== [[File:Rita Moreno in 2000.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Rita Moreno]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Latin America]]n woman to win an [[Academy Award]]? ===The Crown (TV series)=== * ... that the [[Netflix]] [[Emmy Award]]-winning series '''''[[The Crown (TV series)|The Crown]]''''' is an adaptation of the [[West End theatre|West End]] stage play ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]''? === Clipperton Island === *... that '''[[Clipperton Island]]''' has a [[France|French]] [[postal code]], even though [[Desert island|no one lives there]]? ===Richard Rodgers=== [[File:Rodgers.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that American composer '''[[Richard Rodgers]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first person to win [[List of EGOT winners|an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar and a Tony Award]]? ===Parasite (2019 movie)=== * ... that the 2019 [[Korean language]] movie '''''[[Parasite (2019 movie)|Parasite]]''''' was the first non-English movie to win the [[Academy Award for Best Picture]]? === Galápagos Islands === [[File:Galapagos+map.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the '''[[Galápagos Islands]]''' ''(pictured)'' of [[Ecuador]] are famous for inspiring [[Charles Darwin]]'s theory of [[evolution]] by [[natural selection]]? ===Alex Jennings=== * ... that '''[[Alex Jennings]]''' is the only actor to have won the [[Laurence Olivier Award|Olivier Award]]s in the drama, musical and comedy categories? ===James Earl Jones=== [[File:James Earl Jones Baltimore.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1991, '''[[James Earl Jones]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first actor to win two [[Emmy Award]]s in the same year? ===Jeffrey Titford=== * ... that former [[UK Independence Party|UKIP Leader]] '''[[Jeffrey Titford]]''', who was called "the father of [[Brexit]]", was a [[funeral director]] before starting politics? ===Peter Dutton=== * ... that in 2022, [[Leader of the Opposition (Australia)|Australian Opposition Leader]] '''[[Peter Dutton]]''' became the first [[Liberal Party of Australia#Federal Parliamentary Leaders of the Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal Party Leader]] to come from [[Queensland]]? === Koala === [[File:Koala climbing tree.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the '''[[koala]]''' ''(pictured)'' sleeps up to 20 hours a [[day]] because its eucalyptus leaf [[diet]] provides little [[energy]]? ===Mahathir Mohamad=== * ... that in 2018, when '''[[Mahathir Mohamad]]''' became the [[Prime Minister of Malaysia|Malaysian Prime Minister]] again at the age of 92, he also became the world's oldest serving state leader? === Statue of Liberty === [[File:Statue of Liberty 7.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the '''[[Statue of Liberty]]''' ''(pictured)'' was a gift from [[France]] to the [[United States]] in 1886 to celebrate [[United States Declaration of Independence|100 years of independence]]? === Shark === [[File:Great white shark south africa.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that '''[[shark]]s''' ''(pictured)'' have been around for over 400 million years, long before [[dinosaur]]s appeared? ===Ny-Ålesund=== *...that the most northerly [[post office]] in the world is in '''[[Ny-Ålesund]]'''? ===Po (river)=== [[File:View of the Po from Turin.jpg|right|100px]] *...that the '''[[Po (river)|Po River]]''' ''(pictured)'' stretches through five [[Italy|Italian]] cities? ===Lightning=== *...that a bolt of '''[[lightning]]''' can reach [[temperature]]s hotter than the surface of the [[sun]]? ===George VI=== [[File:H.R.H. King George VI and Queen Elizabeth visit the Canadian Pavilion at the World's Fair (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1939, '''[[George VI]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[reign]]ing [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|British monarch]] to visit the [[United States]]? ===Lord Mountbatten=== * ... that many historians believe that in 1968, '''[[Lord Mountbatten]]''', uncle of [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Philip]], was planning a [[coup d'état]] against [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]] [[Harold Wilson]]? ===Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon=== * ... that '''[[Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon]]''' was the first member of the [[British royal family|royal family]] in direct line of succession to be born in [[Scotland]] since the 1600s? ===Diana, Princess of Wales=== [[File:Princess Diana at Accord Hospice.png|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Diana, Princess of Wales]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first [[English people|Englishwoman]] to marry the [[Heir apparent|first-in-line]] to the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|British throne]] since the 1680s? ===Slave breeding in the United States=== *...that when [[slave]] [[import]]s to the [[United States]] were not allowed at the beginning of the 19th century, slaves were '''[[Slave breeding in the United States|bred like cattle]]'''? ===Pope=== *...that the '''[[Pope]]''' cannot be an [[organ donor]]? ===Traffic light=== [[File:東日本大震災から半年後の仙台８ Six Months after The East Japan Earthquake in Sendai8 (8561424208).jpg|right|100px]] *...the '''[[traffic light|traffic lights]]''' are [[blue]] in [[Japan]] ''(pictured)'' because ''ao'' in [[Japanese language|Japanese]] means both [[green]] or blue? ===Tea=== * ... that the country that is '''[[tea|tea's]]''' biggest maker and drinker is [[India]]? ===Concert=== * ... that the [[world]]’s longest '''[[concert]]''' lasted 453 [[hour]]s? ===Rodolfo Hernández Suárez=== * ... that [[Colombia]]n businessman '''[[Rodolfo Hernández Suárez]]''' refused to pay the [[ransom]] of his daughter's kidnapping by a [[Guerrilla warfare|guerrilla group]], citing his family's safety for not paying it? ===Edward VIII=== * ... that historians believe that [[Adolf Hitler]] was ready to make '''[[Edward VIII]]''' the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|king]] again to create a [[fascist]] [[Britain|British]] [[puppet government]] after [[Operation Sea Lion]] in 1940? ===Enceladus=== [[File:PIA17202-SaturnMoon-Enceladus-ApproachingFlyby-20151028.jpg|right|100px]] *...that [[Saturn]]'s moon '''[[Enceladus (moon)|Enceladus]]''' ''(pictured)'' reflects almost all the sunlight it gets, making it the most reflective moon in the [[Solar System]]? ===Kendall Jenner=== * ... that in 2017, '''[[Kendall Jenner]]''' was named the world's highest-paid model by ''[[Forbes]]'', beating model [[Gisele Bündchen]], who had been leading the list for more than 14 years? ===Uranus=== [[File:Uranus as seen by NASA's Voyager 2 (remastered).png|right|100px]] *...that the planet '''[[Uranus]]''' ''(pictured)'' rotates 98 degrees on its side? ===Alfonso Espinosa de los Monteros=== * ... that [[Ecuador]]ian news anchor '''[[Alfonso Espinosa de los Monteros]]''' holds the [[Guinness World Records|Guinness World Record]] for "longest career as a television news broadcaster" for his 56-year-career? ===Titan (moon)=== [[File:Titan in true color.jpg|100px|right]] *...that '''[[Titan (moon)|Titan]]''' ''(pictured)'' may have forms of life in its subsurface oceans? ===Ke Huy Quan=== * ... that in 2023, '''[[Ke Huy Quan]]''', a [[refugee]] of the [[Vietnam War]], became the first [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]]-born actor to win an [[Academy Award]]? ===Peggy Flanagan=== * ... that in 2019, [[Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota]] '''[[Peggy Flanagan]]''' became the highest ranking [[Native American]] woman elected to office in the [[United States]]? ===Chicago Water Tower=== * ... that the '''[[Chicago Water Tower]]''' is the only public tower to survive the [[Great Chicago Fire]] in 1871? ===Sir Shridath Ramphal=== * ... that during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], at age 92, former [[Commonwealth Secretary-General]] '''[[Shridath Ramphal|Sir Shridath Ramphal]]''' was the first lawyer to appear virtually before the [[International Court of Justice]]? ===Broccoli=== [[File:Broccoli and cross section edit.jpg |right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[broccoli]]''' ''(pictured)'' was introduced to [[England]] and the [[United States]] between 1800 and 1900? ===Klein bottle=== *...that true '''[[Klein bottle|Klein bottles]]''' cannot be filled with a [[liquid]]? ===Orange=== [[File:OrangeBloss wb.jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[orange (fruit)|oranges]]''' ''(pictured)'' are one of the few English words that do not rhyme? ===Advance-fee scam=== *...that even though they are common today, the first '''[[advance-fee scam|advance-fee scams]]''' started in the [[18th century]]? ===Apple=== [[File:95apple.jpeg|right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[apple]]s''' ''(pictured)'' were possibly the earliest tree to be [[Farming|cultivated]]? ===Taj Mahal=== [[File:Taj Mahal, Agra, India edit3.jpg|100x100px|right]] *... that the '''[[Taj Mahal]]''' ''(pictured)'' was built by [[Mughal dynasty|Emperor]] [[Shah Jahan]] as a [[mausoleum]] for his wife [[Mumtaz Mahal]]? ===Glasgow=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Glasgow]]''' opened the [[United Kingdom|United Kingdom's]] first official [[Consumerism|consumption]] room for [[illegal drugs]] including [[heroin]] and [[cocaine]]? ===Mona Lisa=== [[File:Mona Lisa, by Leonardo da Vinci, from C2RMF retouched.jpg|100x100px|right]] *...that some believe that the '''''[[Mona Lisa]]''''' ''(pictured)'' has no [[eyebrow]]s because they were accidentally removed during a [[Conservation (art)|restoration]]? ===Photograph (Ed Sheeran song)=== * ... that in 2016, [[Ed Sheeran]] was [[lawsuit|sued]] for $20 million over his song '''"[[Photograph (Ed Sheeran song)|Photograph]]"''' because he was accused of [[copyright infringement]] by the songwriters of "[[Amazing (Matt Cardle song)|Amazing]]"? ===Cheetah=== [[File:Gepardjagt1 (Acinonyx jubatus).jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that the '''[[cheetah]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the fastest land [[animal]], capable of running at speeds up to 75 miles per hour in less than 3 seconds? ===L'Origine du monde=== *...that in 2007, [[postcard]]s showing '''[[L'Origine du monde]]''' were the second-most popular in the [[Musée d'Orsay]]? ===Jill Biden=== [[File:Jill Biden 2024 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at the age of 69, '''[[Jill Biden]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the oldest woman to serve as [[First Lady of the United States]] and the first [[Italian American]] first lady? ===Doug Emhoff=== * ... that before becoming the first [[Second Gentleman of the United States]], '''[[Doug Emhoff]]''' was an entertainment lawyer and represented [[Walmart]] and [[Merck & Co.]]? ===Kamala Harris=== * ... that after 24 hours of '''[[Kamala Harris]]''' announcing her [[Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign|presidential campaign]], she raised $81 million in small-dollar donations, the highest of any candidate in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===Felipe VI=== [[File:Felipe VI in 2023.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Felipe VI]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Monarchy of Spain|Spanish monarch]] to receive and recognize [[LGBT]] organisations at a [[Royal Palace of El Pardo|royal palace]]? ===Silvio Santos=== * ... that '''[[Silvio Santos]]''' hosted his own [[variety show]] from 1963 until 2023 and was called the "greatest personality in the history of [[Brazil]]ian television"? ===Bajrakitiyabha=== [[File:Princess Bajrakitiyabha.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Bajrakitiyabha|Princess Bajrakitiyabha]]''' ''(pictured)'', who was thought to be the next-in-line to the [[Monarchy of Thailand|throne of Thailand]], has been in a [[coma]] since December 2022? ===Daniela Bianchi=== * ... that Italian model and [[Bond girl]] '''[[Daniela Bianchi]]''' was [[Dubbing (filmmaking)|dubbed over]] in ''[[From Russia with Love]]'' by British actress [[Barbara Jefford]] because of her "heavy" accent? === Flamingo === [[File:James's Flamingo mating ritual.jpg|100x100px|right]] *...that a group of '''[[flamingo]]s''' ''(pictured)'' is called a flamboyance? === Shrimp === *... that a '''[[shrimp]]''''s [[heart]] is in its [[head]]? === Giant Panda === [[File:Giant Panda 2004-03-2.jpg|right|100x100px]] * ... that the '''[[giant panda|giant panda's]]''' ''(pictured)'' [[diet]] is 99% [[bamboo]]? === Anglo-Zanzibar War === *... that the shortest [[war]] in history, the '''[[Anglo-Zanzibar War]]''' in 1896, lasted only 38 to 45 minutes? === Hummingbird === [[File:Purple-throated carib hummingbird feeding.jpg|100x100px|right]] *... that '''[[hummingbird]]s''' ''(pictured)'' are the only [[bird]]s that can fly backwards? ===India naming dispute=== *...that '''[[India naming dispute|the name 'India']]''' was first used by the [[Greeks]] to refer specifically to the [[Sindh|Lower Indus Valley]] in [[ancient Pakistan]]? ===Lettuce=== [[Image:Romaine lettuce.jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[lettuce]]''' ''(pictured)'' was one of the first plants brought to America by [[Christopher Columbus]]? ===Royal Air Force=== * ... that the '''[[Royal Air Force]]''' is the oldest [[air force]] in the world? ===Acid rain=== * ... that '''[[acid rain]]''' was a term first used in 1872? ===Lauren Underwood=== [[File:Lauren Underwood official portrait.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2019, at the age of 32, [[registered nurse]] '''[[Lauren Underwood]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the youngest [[African American|Black woman]] to serve in the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Michael Keaton=== * ... that because of [[Screen Actors Guild|SAG]] rules, '''[[Michael Keaton|Michael John Douglas]]''' had to change his name by searching a phone book under "K," saw "Keaton" and decided to pick it as his [[surname]]? ===Jesse Jackson=== * ... that in 1983, [[American Civil Rights Movement|civil rights activist]] '''[[Jesse Jackson]]''' became the first [[African American]] since the [[Reconstruction era]] to address the [[Alabama Legislature]]? ===Paetongtarn Shinawatra=== * ... that in 2024, at the age of 37, '''[[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]]''' became the youngest [[Prime Minister of Thailand|prime minister]] in [[Thailand|Thailand's]] history? ===Kangaroo=== [[File:Kangur.rudy.drs.jpg |right|100x100px]] *...that a female '''[[kangaroo]]''' ''(pictured)'' has three [[vagina]]s? ===Speed dating=== * ... that almost half of the women, and about a quarter of the men participating in '''[[speed dating]]''' make their choice within 30 seconds of meeting the other person? ===Bhumibol Adulyadej=== [[File:King Bhumibol Adulyadej 2010-9-29.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at 70 years, '''[[Bhumibol Adulyadej]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the longest [[Reign|reigning]] [[Monarchy of Thailand|Thai monarch]] and the longest of an independent [[Asian]] sovereign? ===Srettha Thavisin=== * ... that at {{convert|1.92|m|ftin}} tall, former [[Prime Minister of Thailand|Thai Prime Minister]] '''[[Srettha Thavisin]]''' was the tallest leader within [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations|ASEAN]]? ===Yingluck Shinawatra=== [[File:9153ri-Yingluck Shinawatra.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2011, '''[[Yingluck Shinawatra]]''' ''(pictured)'' became [[Thailand|Thailand's]] first female [[Prime Minister of Thailand|prime minister]] and its youngest in 60 years? ===Octopus=== *...that '''[[octopus]]es''' have three [[heart]]s; two for the [[gill]]s and one for the rest of the body? ===Spaghetti=== *...that a single [[strand]] of '''[[spaghetti]]''' is called a "spaghetto"? ===Eraser=== *...that before the 1700s, people used wet [[bread]] as '''[[erasers]]'''? ===Number=== *...that no '''[[number]]''' before 1,000 contains the [[letter]] [[A]]? ===Pluto=== *...that the [[ratio]] between the [[masses]] of '''[[Pluto]]''' and its moon [[Charon]] is so great that it is sometimes called a binary system? ===Maho Beach=== [[File:747-400 City of Bangkok landing at Princess Juliana 11-27-2012b.jpg|right|110px]] * ... that '''[[Maho Beach]]''' ''(pictured)'', in [[Saint Martin|Saint Martin island]], is directly across an [[Princess Juliana International Airport|airport]] and [[Fixed-wing aircraft|airplanes]] can be about 100 feet above beach goers? ===Buenos Aires=== *... that in 2005, '''[[Buenos Aires]]''' became the first [[UNESCO]] City of Design because of the city's [[architecture]] and [[fashion design|fashion design culture]]? ===Susan Wojcicki=== * ... that former CEO of [[YouTube]] '''[[Susan Wojcicki]]''' also helped create [[Google]] when she [[Renting|rented]] her garage as an office for the company's founders in 1998? ===Christopher Plummer=== * ... that '''[[Christopher Plummer]]''' is the only [[Canadians|Canadian]] actor to have won the "[[Triple Crown of Acting]]"? ===Haumea (dwarf planet)=== [[File:Haumea rotation with ring.gif|right|100x100px]] *...that because the [[dwarf planet]] '''[[Haumea (dwarf planet)|Haumea]]''' (''pictured'') was discovered shortly after [[Christmas]], it was originally called Santa? ===Titan=== * ...that [[Saturn]]'s biggest moon '''[[Titan (moon)|Titan]]''' could possibly have a subsurface [[ocean]]? ===Venus=== [[File:Venus from Mariner 10.jpg |right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[Venus]]''' ''(pictured)'' is called Earth's evil twin because it has [[sulphuric acid]] in its [[clouds]]? ===Lavinia Fontana=== [[File:Lavinia Fontana - Autoritratto (ca. 1577-85).jpg|100px|right]] *...that '''[[Lavinia Fontana]]''' (''self-portrait shown''), a 16th century painter, may have been the first woman to paint female [[nude (art)|nudes]]? ===Strawberry=== *... that [[Botany|botanically]] speaking, [[bananas]] are berries, but '''[[Strawberry|strawberries]]''' are not? ===Blood=== *...that there are traces of [[gold]] found in '''[[blood]]''' in the human body? ===Kangaroo rat=== [[File:kangaroo-rat.jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that the [[Nocturnal animals|nocturnal]] [[rodent]] the '''[[Kangaroo rat]]''' ''(pictured)'' has more efficient [[kidney]]s than humans do? ===Tokyo=== * ... that '''[[Tokyo]]''' started as a small fishing village known as [[Edo]] in the 1400s? ===Beijing=== * ... that throughout its history, '''[[Beijing]]''' was the [[China|Chinese]] capital six times? ===Michèle George=== [[File:Michle-george-1352493767.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[equestrianism|equestrian]] '''[[Michèle George]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first winner of a gold medal in [[para-dressage]] for [[Belgium]]? ===Tim Walz=== * ... that in 2007, then-[[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Tim Walz]]''' became the highest-ranking retired [[Enlisted rank|enlisted soldier]] ever to serve in [[United States Congress|Congress]]? ===Sir Lawrence Bragg=== [[File:Wl-bragg.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at age 25, physicist '''[[Lawrence Bragg|Sir Lawrence Bragg]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the youngest person to win a [[Nobel Prize]]? ===Guinea pig=== *... that the term '''[[Guinea pig]]''' is [[slang]] for being the first to try something? ===Taylor Swift=== [[File:Taylor Swift at the Golden Globes 2024 (Enhanced, cropped) 1.jpg |right|100px]] * ... that thirteen-time [[Grammy Awards]] winner '''[[Taylor Swift]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first musician to become a [[billionaire]] based on songs and performances as their [[revenue]]? ===Pete Buttigieg=== * ... that [[United States Secretary of Transportation|U.S. Transportation Secretary]] '''[[Pete Buttigieg]]''' is the first openly [[gay]] individual and first [[millennial]] to be a member of the [[United States Cabinet|U.S. Cabinet]]? ===Berlin=== * ... that '''[[Berlin]]''' is the only city in the world that hosts three [[opera house]]s? ===Janet Yellen=== * ... that '''[[Janet Yellen]]''' is the first person in [[History of the United States|American history]] to lead the three most powerful economic bodies in the [[Federal government]]: the [[United States Department of the Treasury|Treasury Department]], the [[Federal Reserve]], and the [[Council of Economic Advisers]]? ===Hakeem Jeffries=== [[File:Rep-Hakeem-Jeffries-Official-Portrait.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Hakeem Jeffries]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[African-American]] to serve as a [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|congressional party leader]]? ===Truman Show delusion=== *... that the '''[[Truman Show delusion|''Truman Show'' delusion]]''' is named after [[The Truman Show|the movie with the same name]], because some of the first patients said it provided a good description of what the condition felt like? ===Makemake (dwarf planet)=== [[File:Makemake and its moon.jpg|right|100px]] * ...that the [[dwarf planet]] '''[[Makemake (dwarf planet)|Makemake]]''' ''(pictured)'' used to be called [[Easter Bunny]] when it was first found? ===Depression (mental illness)=== * ... several scientific studies have found a link between '''[[Depression (mental illness)|depression]]''' and [[pesticide]]s? ===Charles Darwin=== * ... that while studying at [[Christ's College, Cambridge]], '''[[Charles Darwin]]''' formed a club called "the Gourmet Club" in which he would eat [[Exotic pet|exotic animals]]? ===Rome=== * ... that at 1,500 [[fountain]]s, '''[[Rome]]''' has the most fountains of any city in the world? ===Priti Patel=== [[File:Priti Patel Official Cabinet Portrait, September 2021 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2019, '''[[Priti Patel]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[British Indians|British Indian]] to serve as [[Home Secretary]]? ===Toronto=== * ... that in 2021, 51% of '''[[Toronto]]''' residents were born outside [[Canada]] with 45% of the city's residents speaking a [[First language|first language]] other than French or English? ===Madrid=== * ... that '''[[Madrid|Madrid's]]''' name comes from the [[Arabic]] word ''magerit'', meaning “place of many [[stream]]s"? ===Joe Biden=== [[File:President Joe Biden delivers remarks from the Oval Office (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2024, '''[[Joe Biden]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[incumbent]] [[President of the United States|president]] in [[History of the United States|American history]] to [[Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election|withdraw from reelection]] since [[1968 United States presidential election|1968]]? ===Romance Scam=== *...that people lose more money to '''[[romance scam]]s''' than to other similar types of [[scam]]? ===Rachel Reeves=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Rachel Reeves]]''' became the first female [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]]? ===Deb Haaland=== [[File:Deb Haaland official portrait, 116th congress 2 (1).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2021, [[United States Secretary of the Interior|Interior Secretary]] '''[[Deb Haaland]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Native American]] [[Cabinet of the United States|Cabinet secretary]] in [[History of the United States|U.S. history]]? ===Amsterdam=== * ... that '''[[Amsterdam]]''' sits at two meters below [[sea level]] and is built on soft [[peat]] and [[clay]] in order to stay above water? ===Rio de Janeiro=== * ... that '''[[Rio de Janeiro]]''' is named for a river that does not exist after [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] [[explorer]]s mistook an [[Bay|oceanic bay]] for a river? ===Sexual slavery=== *...that estimates of the number of '''[[sexual slavery|sex slaves]]''' in 2001 varied between 400,000 and 1.75 million? ===Potsdam=== * ... that '''[[Potsdam]]''' was intended as "a picturesque, [[Pasture|pastoral]] dream" which would remind its people of their relationship with [[nature]] and reason? ===Myriam Spiteri Debono=== * ... that [[President of Malta]] '''[[Myriam Spiteri Debono]]''' is a [[technophobia|technophobe]] and uses her husband's [[email]] account for official duties? ===Cheng Pei-pei=== [[File:Cheng Pei Pei (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Chinese people|Chinese]] actress '''[[Cheng Pei-pei]]''' ''(pictured)'', who was nicknamed the "Queen of [[Kung-fu|Kung Fu]]", was thought to be cinema's first female [[Action movie|action]] hero? ===We Didn't Start the Fire (Fall Out Boy song)=== * ... that the 2023 song '''"[[We Didn't Start the Fire (Fall Out Boy song)|We Didn't Start the Fire]]"''', which covers popular events from 1989 to 2023, did not mention the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] because it could not [[rhyme]] with ''[[Bush v. Gore]]''? ===JD Vance=== * ... that [[Vice President of the United States]] '''[[JD Vance]]''' is the first [[millennial]] to be on a presidential ticket of a major party in the [[United States]]? ===Sir Keir Starmer=== [[File:Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer Official Portrait (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that the [[Cabinet of the United Kingdom|cabinet]] of [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]] '''[[Keir Starmer|Sir Keir Starmer]]''' ''(pictured)'' has the most female ministers in the [[United Kingdom|country's]] history? ===Stanford prison experiment=== <!--[[File:SPE1971-prisoner-breaks-down.jpg|100px|right]]--> *...that the '''[[Stanford prison experiment]]''' was stopped after six days, because guards had started to [[torture]] prisoners? ===Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania=== * ... that within one day of [[Donald Trump|Donald Trump's]] '''[[Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania|attempted assassination]]''' in [[Pennsylvania]], [[Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign|his campaign]] raised over $2 million for his supporters who were hurt or killed in the shooting? ===Dennis Skinner=== * ... that '''[[Dennis Skinner]]''' was [[:wikt:suspension|suspended]] from the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|British Parliament]] at least ten times for calling members inappropriate names including former [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] [[David Cameron]]? ===Phoenix, Arizona=== * ... that '''[[Phoenix, Arizona]]''' is the most populated [[state capital]] of the [[United States]]? ===Masoud Pezeshkian=== [[File:Masoud Pezeshkian, 2024-6-12 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that before entering politics, [[President of Iran]] '''[[Masoud Pezeshkian]]''' ''(pictured)'' was a heart [[surgeon]]? ===Enumclaw horse sex case=== * … that one of the most read articles of ''[[The Seattle Times]]'' in 2005 was about a man who died after '''[[Enumclaw horse sex case|having sex with a horse]]'''? ===Steven Chu=== * ... that former [[United States Secretary of Energy|U.S. Secretary of Energy]] '''[[Steven Chu]]''' became the first [[Nobel Prize]] winner to have a position in the [[United States Cabinet|U.S. Cabinet]] in 2009? ===Robert Pickton=== * ... that [[serial killer]] '''[[Robert Pickton]]''' told an [[Covert operation|undercover officer]] that he killed 49 people and wished he killed one more to make it an "even fifty"? ===Blanche Lincoln=== [[File:Blanche Lincoln, 2007.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at the age of 38, '''[[Blanche Lincoln]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the youngest woman ever elected to the [[United States Senate]]? ===Devil=== * ... that in the [[Koran]], the '''[[Devil]]''' often appears as an animal and tries to get people to do the wrong thing? ===Anti-tobacco movement in Nazi Germany=== *...that when they found a link between [[smoking]] and [[lung cancer]] in 1940, the [[Nazi]]s created the '''[[Anti-tobacco movement in Nazi Germany|first anti-smoking campaign]]''' in modern history? ===Gregory Peck=== * ... that [[Academy Award]]-winning actor '''[[Gregory Peck]]''' said that he was almost offered the [[ambassador|ambassadorship]] to [[Ireland]] by President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]? ===Gabriel García Márquez=== [[File:Gabriel Garcia Marquez2 (2009).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Colombia]]n [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] winner '''[[Gabriel García Márquez]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the most-[[translation|translated]] Spanish-language author? ===Dixy Lee Ray=== * ... that '''[[Dixy Lee Ray]]''', the first female [[Governor of Washington]], was also the youngest girl to [[summit]] [[Mount Rainier]]? === India === *...that the name '''[[India]]''' comes from the [[Indus River]], which is located mostly in [[Pakistan]] and is the [[National symbols of Pakistan|national river]] of the country? ===Claudia Sheinbaum=== * ... that [[President of Mexico|President-elect of Mexico]] '''[[Claudia Sheinbaum]]''' was a member of the [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]] when they won a [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in 2007? ===Katherine Johnson=== [[File:NASA human computers - Katherine Coleman Goble Johnson.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Katherine Johnson]]''' ''(pictured)'' was called one of the first [[African-American]] women to work as a [[NASA]] scientist? ===Buzz Aldrin=== * ... that when '''[[Buzz Aldrin]]''' walked on the [[Moon]] during the [[Apollo 11]] mission, he took [[Eucharist|communion]] and became the first and only person to hold a religious ceremony on the Moon? ===Françoise Hardy=== [[File:FrancoiseHardy-1967-Venise-ReportagePhoto.png|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Françoise Hardy]]''' ''(pictured)'', a popular singer of the [[Yé-yé]] style of music, was also an [[astrology|astrologist]] and wrote books about it? ===Mason–Dixon line=== *...that [[surveyor]]s were hired to fix the border between [[Maryland]] and [[Pennsylvania]], after people had become tired of the '''[[Mason–Dixon line|violence between the two colonies]]'''? ===Ronald Reagan=== * ... that after [[Korean Air Lines Flight 007]] was shot down in 1983, [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[Ronald Reagan]]''' announced that the American military's [[GPS]] would be allowed for [[civilian]] use? ===Seven Nation Army=== * ... that when [[Jack White]] created the [[riff]] for '''"[[Seven Nation Army]]"''', he wanted it used for a [[James Bond]] theme, however he decided to make it into a separate song because he thought that would never happen? ===John Quincy Adams=== * ... that [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[John Quincy Adams]]''', who led the fight against [[slavery]] in [[United States Congress|Congress]], was fluent in [[Latin]] and [[French language|French]]? ===Carl Sagan=== [[File:Carl Sagan Planetary Society cropped.png|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Carl Sagan]]''' ''(pictured)'' said that smoking [[cannabis]] helped him in writing his books? ===Vegetable=== * ... that in 1893 the [[United States Supreme Court]] declared that the [[fruit]] [[Tomato]] is a '''[[vegetable]]''' for [[taxation]] purposes? ===Adolf Hitler=== * ... that according to historians, '''[[Adolf Hitler]]''' had only one [[testicle]]? ===Ebrahim Raisi=== * ... that former [[President of Iran|President]] '''[[Ebrahim Raisi]]''' was nicknamed "the Butcher of [[Tehran]]" for his role on the "death committee" during the [[1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners|1988 mass executions]] of [[Iranian people|Iranian]] [[political prisoners]]? ===Solovey (Go_A song)=== * ... that "'''[[Solovey (Go A song)|Solovey]]'''" was the first song in the history of [[Eurovision Song Contest|Eurovision]] to be fully in the [[Ukrainian language]]? ===Jamie Lee Curtis=== [[File:Jamie Lee Curtis (28770868877) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Academy Award]]-winning actress '''[[Jamie Lee Curtis]]''' ''(pictured)'' did not want to be called Baroness [[Christopher Guest|Haden-Guest]] because she said the title has nothing to do with her? ===Murder of Linda Andersen=== *...that '''[[Murder of Linda Andersen|two girls who killed their mother]]''' when they were [[teenager]]s successfully studied at [[university]], after serving their sentence; one became a [[lawyer]] and the other a [[scientist]]? ===William Shockley=== * ... that [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] winning physicist '''[[William Shockley]]''' ran for the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] in 1982 because of the "[[Dysgenics|dysgenic threat]]" he believed [[African Americans|African-Americans]] created? ===Giorgia Meloni=== [[File:Giorgia Meloni Official 2022 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Giorgia Meloni]]''' ''(pictured)'', who was elected in [[2022 Italian general election|2022]], is [[Italy|Italy's]] first female [[Prime Minister of Italy|prime minister]]? ===Marianne Wiggins=== * ... that when Muslims were ordered to kill [[Salman Rushdie]], his wife '''[[Marianne Wiggins]]''' also started hiding, even though she told him five days earlier that she did not want to be married to him anymore? ===Dick Van Dyke=== [[File:Dick Van Dyke by Gage Skidmore.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at age 98, '''[[Dick Van Dyke]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the oldest person to be nominated and win a [[Daytime Emmy Award]]? ===Andrew Johnson=== * ... that a proposal to [[impeachment|impeach]] [[President of the United States]] '''[[Andrew Johnson]]''' in 1868 failed by one vote? ===Russia=== * ... that '''[[Russia]]''' got its name from a [[Medieval Latin]] name for the [[Kievan Rus']]? ===Cynisca=== *...that even though [[women]] were forbidden from attending the [[Ancient Olympic Games]], [[Sparta]]n [[princess]] '''[[Cynisca]]''' won them twice? ===Nude recreation=== *...that when a [[museum]] in [[Vienna]] offered a '''[[nude recreation|naked museum tour]]''' of a [[controversial]] [[exhibition]] called ''Nude Men'' in February 2013, more than 60 people attended that tour? ===Dishwasher=== *...that a [[socialite]] who was worried that her dishes would break while they were being washed came up with a successful design of a '''[[dishwasher]]''' in the late 19th century? ===Pete McCloskey=== * ... that in 1967, [[Purple Heart]] [[Korean War]] veteran '''[[Pete McCloskey]]''' won against child actress [[Shirley Temple]] in a [[special election]] for the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]? ===Simon Harris=== * ... that at age 37, '''[[Simon Harris]]''' is the youngest person to become [[Ireland|Ireland's]] [[Taoiseach]]? ===Mary Peltola=== [[File:Mary Peltola celebrating reeelection (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Mary Peltola]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Alaska Natives|Alaskan Native]] member of [[United States Congress|congress]]? ===Ima Keithel=== * ... that '''[[Ima Keithel]]''' is a [[market]] in [[Manipur]] that is the only one run by women alone? ===Pubic hair=== *... that four out of five women, and about half of the men in the [[United States]] trim or remove their '''[[pubic hair]]'''? ===Olaf Scholz=== * ... that '''[[Olaf Scholz]]''' is the first [[Chancellor of Germany|Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany]] to not be a member of the [[Protestant Church in Germany|Protestant Church]]? ===Ursula von der Leyen=== * ... that when she was elected in 2019, '''[[Ursula von der Leyen]]''' became the first female [[President of the European Commission]]? ===Dance the Night=== * ... that [[Mark Ronson]] wrote a song for the [[Rehearsal|dance rehearsals]] of the movie ''[[Barbie (movie)|Barbie]]'' which later became "'''[[Dance the Night]]'''"? ===Gottfried Böhm=== [[File:Gottfried Böhm 2015.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1986, '''[[Gottfried Böhm]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first [[German people|German]] [[architect]] to win a [[Pritzker Prize]]? ===Sahara=== * ... that in the last hundred years, the '''[[Sahara]]''' has grown by about ten percent because of [[desertification]]? ===José Andrés=== * ... that chef and [[humanitarianism|humanitarian]] '''[[José Andrés]]''' is said to have made [[Tapas|small plates dining]] popular in the [[United States]]? ===Red Sea crisis=== * ... that the first event in the history of [[space warfare]] occurred during the '''[[Red Sea crisis]]'''? ===Trina Robbins=== [[File:Trina Robbins 2010 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1970, cartoonist '''[[Trina Robbins]]''' ''(pictured)'' helped create the first [[comic book]] entirely produced by women? ===Sultan bin Salman Al Saud=== * ... that '''[[Sultan bin Salman Al Saud]]''', the son of [[Salman of Saudi Arabia|Saudi King Salman]], is the first member of a royal family to fly in [[outer space|space]] as well as the first Arab and the first [[Muslim]] to do so? === Ostrich === *... that '''[[ostrich]]es''' have the biggest eyes among all [[terrestrial animals]]? === Names of Pakistan === [[File:British Indian Empire 1909 Imperial Gazetteer of India.jpg|100x100px|right]] *... that the '''[[Names of Pakistan|name of modern Pakistan]]''' ''(pictured)'' is an [[acronym]] derived from the five regions of the [[British Raj]]: [[Punjab (Pakistan)|''P''unjab]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|''A''fghania]], [[Kashmir|''K''ashmir]], [[Sindh|''S''indh]], and [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Baluchis''tan'']]? === Akkadian Empire === [[File:Empire akkad.svg|100x100px|right]] *... that the '''[[Akkad|Akkadian Empire]]''' ''(pictured)'' of [[Mesopotamia]] is the oldest known [[empire]] in history? ===Houston=== * ... that after [[New York City]], '''[[Houston]]''' has the most [[Fortune 500|''Fortune'' 500]] headquarters of any [[United States|American]] city within its city limits? === Total Eclipse of the Heart === * ... that leading up to the [[solar eclipse of August 21, 2017]], the [[streaming media|streams]] for [[Bonnie Tyler]]'s 1983 single '''"[[Total Eclipse of the Heart]]"''' went up 827% globally? === Ancient Pakistan === [[File:Indus script.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the oldest recorded name of '''[[Ancient Pakistan]]''' ''(pictured)'' is Meluhha, the [[Sumer]]ian name for the [[Indus Valley Civilization|Indus Valley]]? ===Charles Michel=== * ... that when '''[[Charles Michel]]''' became the [[Prime Minister of Belgium]] in 2014, he was the youngest Belgian prime minister in 173 years? ===Jörn Donner=== [[File:Jörn Donner in 2014 06.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that director '''[[Jörn Donner]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first and, to date, only person from [[Finland]] to win an [[Academy Award]]? ===Katie Britt=== * ... that [[Alabama]] [[United States Senator|U.S. Senator]] '''[[Katie Britt]]''' was [[criticism|criticized]] for giving her [[response to the State of the Union address|response]] to the [[State of the Union address]] from her [[kitchen]]? ===Gandhara=== *... that the region of '''[[Gandhara]]''' in [[Pakistan]] is the second holy land of [[Buddhism]], the first being [[Magadha]] in [[Nepal]] and [[India]]? ===Olivia Rodrigo=== [[File:Olivia Rodrigo @ Theatre at Ace Hotel 10 09 2023 (53423735984).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Olivia Rodrigo]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first artist to have their first two releases in the top 10 on [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]]? ===Lyndon B. Johnson=== * ... that at age 42, '''[[Lyndon B. Johnson]]''' was the youngest [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|leader]] of the [[United States Senate]] in [[American history]]? ===Kristi Noem=== [[File:Noem Portrait (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that when '''[[Kristi Noem]]''' ''(pictured)'' was a [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]], she took online college classes and received [[internship|intern credits]] because she was a congresswoman? ===Marianne Williamson=== * ... that before running for [[President of the United States]] in [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]] and [[2024 United States presidential election|2024]], '''[[Marianne Williamson]]''' was a [[The New York Times Best Seller list|''New York Times'' best selling]] [[spirituality|spiritual writer]] and was nicknamed "[[Oprah Winfrey|Oprah's]] spiritual advisor"? ===Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine=== * ... that even though '''[[Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine|Belarus helped Russia]]''' with [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|their invasion of Ukraine]], [[President of Belarus|President]] [[Alexander Lukashenko]] said that there is "no way" [[Belarus|Belarusian]] soldiers will attack [[Ukraine]]? ===J. Robert Oppenheimer=== * ... that in 2022, '''[[J. Robert Oppenheimer|J. Robert Oppenheimer's]]''' [[security clearance]] was given back to him, 68 years after it was controversially removed during the [[Red scare|Second Red scare]]? ===Chicago River=== [[File:The Chicago River turns green for St. Patrick's Day. 2018 (26997623508).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that the tradition of [[dye|dyeing]] the '''[[Chicago River]]''' green ''(pictured)'' for [[Saint Patrick's Day]] started by accident in 1961 when plumbers accidentally spilled [[fluorescein]] into the river? ===Functional illiteracy=== *...that 14% of the [[adult]]s living in the [[United States]] have problems in their everyday life, because they cannot '''[[functional illiteracy|read and write well enough]]'''? ===Kirby's Dream Course=== *...that '''''[[Kirby's Dream Course]]''''' was not originally going to be a ''[[Kirby (series)|Kirby]]'' game, and the version without Kirby was later released on the [[Satellaview]]? ===Harvard University=== * ... that eight [[Presidents of the United States]] have [[graduated]] from '''[[Harvard University]]'''? ===Japanese spider crab=== *... that the '''[[Japanese spider crab]]''' has the largest leg span among any [[arthropod]] in the world? ===Toby Fox=== *...that '''[[Toby Fox|Toby Fox's]]''' first important work was a [[Halloween]] version of ''[[EarthBound]]''? ===The Godfather=== * ... that '''''[[The Godfather]]''''' made over $100 million in the [[box office]] 18 weeks after its release in 1972, making it the fastest movie to reach that number? ===Abortion in France=== *...that '''[[abortion in France]]''' was protected in the French [[constitution]] in March 2024, making France the only country to have abortion as a constitutional right? ===O'Hare station train crash=== [[File:OHare Airport L crash, March 2014.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in March 2014, a [[Chicago]] [[Blue Line (CTA)|subway train]] '''[[O'Hare station train crash|crashed]]''' ''(pictured)'' at the [[O'Hare International Airport]] because the conductor fell asleep while operating? ===Paracetamol=== *...that '''[[Paracetamol]]''' ''(acetaminophen)'' is the main cause of [[liver failure]] in the [[United States]] and [[Great Britain]]? ===Mario Party 8=== * ... that '''''[[Mario Party 8]]''''' was removed from stores in the [[United Kingdom]] after a [[slur]] was found in the game? ===Eswatini=== * ... that Swaziland changed their name to '''[[Eswatini]]''' because the old name sounded too similar to [[Switzerland]]? ===Alejandro Mayorkas=== * ... that [[United States Secretary of Homeland Security|U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security]] '''[[Alejandro Mayorkas]]''' is the first [[United States Cabinet]] member to be [[impeachment|impeached]] since 1876? ===Kuwaiti dinar=== *... that the '''[[Kuwaiti dinar]]''' is the most valuable [[currency]] in the world? ===Carnivorous plant=== *... that different [[plant]]s developed the '''[[carnivorous plant|ability to catch and trap insects]]''' at least six times? ===Super Bowl LVIII=== * ... that '''[[Super Bowl LVIII]]''' is the most watched [[United States]] broadcast since the [[Apollo 11]] moon landing? ===Liverpool Women's Hospital bombing=== * ...that the [[taxi]] driver in the '''[[Liverpool Women's Hospital bombing]]''' was called a [[hero]] for locking the [[terrorist]] inside of his taxi? ===Acoustic Kitty=== *...that in the 1960s, the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] fitted [[cat]]s to '''[[Acoustic Kitty|act as spies]]'''? ===The Typewriter=== *...that in the 1950s, [[Leroy Anderson]] composed '''[[The Typewriter|a piece of music]]''' for the [[typewriter]] and [[orchestra]]? ===Pesse canoe=== [[File:Boomstamkano van Pesse, Drents Museum, 1955-VIII-2.jpg|right|100px]] *... that the '''[[Pesse canoe]]''' ''(pictured)'', a [[Dugout canoe|dugout]] dating back to between 7500 and 8000 [[BCE]], may be one of the world's oldest [[boat]]s? === Medieval philosophy === *... that '''[[Medieval philosophy]]''' began in the historic city of [[Baghdad]], now the capital of [[Iraq]], in the [[8th century]]? ===Poultry=== *... that '''[[Poultry]]''' is the second most eaten type of [[meat]] after [[pork]]? ===In Guezzam=== *...that in '''[[In Guezzam]]''' less than four out of ten people [[literacy|can read or write]]? ===Suriname=== *...that in '''[[Suriname]]''' most people who cannot read or write are women? === Masjid al-Haram === [[File:Great Mosque of Mecca.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the '''[[Masjid al-Haram]]''' ''(pictured)'' in [[Makkah]], [[Saudi Arabia]] is the largest [[mosque]] in the world and is also the most expensive building on [[Earth]]? ===2024 Ecuadorian conflict=== * ... that in January 2024, several armed gang members '''[[2024 Ecuadorian conflict|stormed a television studio]]''' in [[Guayaquil]], [[Ecuador]] while it was broadcasting live? ===Meat-Shaped Stone=== [[File:Meat-Shaped Stone Gathering of Treasures 1.jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that the '''''[[Meat-Shaped Stone]]''''' ''(pictured)'' is one of the Three Treasures of the [[National Palace Museum]] in [[Taiwan]]? ===25 or 6 to 4=== * ... that the [[Chicago (band)|Chicago]] song "'''[[25 or 6 to 4]]'''" was banned in [[Singapore]] from 1970 to 1993 because the country thought the song was about drugs? ===Madison Marsh=== [[File:Active Duty Miss America (4) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[Miss America 2024|2024]], [[Second_lieutenant#United_States|second lieutenant]] '''[[Madison Marsh]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first member of the [[United States Armed Forces|U.S. Armed Forces]] to win the [[Miss America|Miss America title]]? ===Postpartum depression=== * ... that '''[[postpartum depression]]''' affects more women living in [[Human Development Index|low and middle income countries]] than those living in high income countries? ===Trump International Hotel and Tower=== * ... that because of [[Donald Trump]] adding a large sign with his name on the '''[[Trump International Hotel and Tower]]''', [[Chicago]] considered changing its rules for future sign-building on its skyscrapers? ===875 North Michigan Avenue=== * ... that '''[[875 North Michigan Avenue]]''' in [[Chicago]] has the highest indoor swimming pool in the [[United States]]? ===iPhone 6=== [[File:IPhone 6 bottom.png|right|100px]] * ... that over ten million '''[[iPhone 6]]''' ''(pictured)'' were sold in the first week of its release in 2014, making it one of best-selling [[touchscreen]] phones of all time? ===Moscow=== * ... that '''[[Moscow]]''' is the largest city by [[land area]] on the [[Europe|European continent]]? ===Pineapple=== * ... that '''[[pineapple]]s''' can take two or three years to grow? ff31oegognmxmoxzzbjc9vyhv0teypi 10369341 10369338 2025-07-03T10:02:12Z Raayaan9911 1495229 /* Al Hilal SFC */Fixed 10369341 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bots|optout=SIGN}} This page is for nominations to appear in the "Did you know" section on the [[Main Page]]. To discuss Did You Know please use [[Wikipedia talk:Did you know]]. <center><big>'''[[Template talk:Did you know#Nominations|SKIP TO NOMINATIONS]]'''</big></center> {{DYKbox}} {{tocright}} == Instructions == '''Did you know?''' (DYK) entries are interesting facts that many people may not know. On this page possible entries are listed and members of the DYK project assess the nominations for the DYK section. DYKs are listed on the [[Main Page]]. === How to enter a DYK === List articles on this page under the '''Nominations''' area, below. The newest nominations go at the top. If you would like to make a nomination, you should read the rules below. If there is a picture that you would like to see used with your nomination, please add it with your nomination as shown below. Any user may nominate a DYK suggestion. {{Wikipedia:Did you know}} == Chart == Please use one of the following templates when reviewing nominations. {| class="wikitable" width=100% ! width=10% | Symbol !! width=10% | Code !! width=10% | Ready for DYK? !! width=50% | Description |- align="center" |- align="center" | [[File:Symbol confirmed.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKyes}}</nowiki> || Yes || align="left" | No problems, ready for DYK |- align="center" | [[File:Pictogram voting keep.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKagf}}</nowiki> || Yes, [[Wikipedia:Assume good faith|WP:AGF]] || align="left" | Hook cited to a source not on the Internet, but to a reliable publication. |- align="center" | [[File:Pictogram reply.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKfixed}}</nowiki> || Yes, issue fixed. || align="left" | The issue preventing DYK, or the request for improvement has now been fixed. |- align="center" | [[File:Symbol possible vote.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKalmost}}</nowiki> || Almost || align="left" | Article is on the way to being ready for DYK, but the reviewer has questions. |- align="center" | [[File:Symbol delete vote.svg|18px]] || <nowiki>{{DYKno}}</nowiki> || No || align="left" | Article is unable to be used on DYK, the time limit has passed, or there are larger reservations. |} {{DYK-Refresh}} <!--<center><big>'''{{#ifeq:{{Did you know/Queue/EmpQ}}||ALL QUEUES ARE FULL AT THE MOMENT.|THE NEXT EMPTY QUEUE IS [[Template:Did you know/Queue/{{Did you know/Queue/EmpQ}}]] AND}} THE NEXT UPDATE WILL BE FROM [[Template:Did you know/Queue/{{Did you know/Queue/NexQ}}]]'''</big></center>--> == Nominations == Please add new nominations below ''with newer nominations at the top''. Nominations should be headed with a <nowiki>===Level Three===</nowiki> header containing a link to the article that the hook is from. If possible, all hooks should contain a relevant file from Wikimedia Commons – this can be a picture or a sound. The subject article should be '''<nowiki>'''bolded'''</nowiki>'''. <!--- please uncomment the template below if there are no nominations in the section; add newer nominations at the top, but below the template --> === Al Hilal SFC === * ... that during [[2025 FIFA Club World Cup]], '''[[Al Hilal SFC|Al Hilal]]''' was the only Asian football club to reach the knockout stage? [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 08:00, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ==Holding area== Hooks that are ready to be moved to a queue for update may be held in this area until a space in a queue becomes available. To be eligible to move into this area, a hook must meet all of the promotion guidelines as outlined above. Hooks in this area do not count towards a user's nomination limit. If you change or re-review a hook in this area, it must be moved back to the main nominations section for discussion to continue. The only changes permitted here are formatting or spelling changes, or adding an associated file. <!-- Add nominations below this comment --> ===Gina Ortiz Jones=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Gina Ortiz Jones]]''' became the first [[Asian-American]] female mayor of a major city in [[Texas]] and the first openly [[gay]] mayor of [[San Antonio]]? ===Violeta Chamorro=== [[File:Violeta Chamorro 1993.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1990, when '''[[Violeta Chamorro]]''' ''(pictured)'' was elected [[President of Nicaragua]], she became the first elected woman president in the [[Americas]]? ===Sir Billy Boston=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Billy Boston|Sir Billy Boston]]''' became the first [[Rugby League|rugby league footballer]] to be [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]]? ===Toni Morrison=== [[File:Toni Morrison.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1993, '''[[Toni Morrison]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[African American]] woman to win the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]? ===Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran=== * ... that the '''[[Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran]]''' was founded in 324, making it the oldest public church in [[Rome]] and the oldest [[basilica]] in the [[Western world]]? ===Greg Abbott=== * ... that in 2015, '''[[Greg Abbott]]''' became the first [[Governor of Texas|Texas governor]] and third governor of a [[U.S. state]] to use a [[wheelchair]]? ===Amazon River=== [[File:Amazon 57.53278W 2.71207S.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that there are no [[Bridge|bridges]] that cross the '''[[Amazon River]]''' ''(pictured)'' because of the [[Amazon rainforest]]? === iOS 26 === * ... that 13 years after the [[iOS 7]] was [[Design|redesigned]] with a "flat style", the '''[[iOS 26]]''' was redesigned with a [[Liquid Glass]] design? ===Ron DeSantis=== [[File:Governor Ron DeSantis at the CNN Republican Presidential Debate (53460294753) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2019, at the age of 40, '''[[Ron DeSantis]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the youngest [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[Governor of Florida|governor]] in [[Florida|Florida's history]]? ===Egypt=== * ... that '''[[Egypt]]''' has the most powerful [[Egyptian Armed Forces|military force]] in the [[Arab world]] and [[Africa]] since 2025? === Colour of the day (police) === *... that in [[New York City]], [[police|undercover police]] wear different '''[[Color of the day (police)|colored items of clothing]]''' to quickly recognize each other? ===Kathy Hochul=== [[File:Kathy Hochul March 2024 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2021, '''[[Kathy Hochul]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first female [[Governor of New York]] and the first from [[Upstate New York]]? ===Mikie Sherrill=== * ... that before she became the first [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] to [[United States House of Representatives|represent]] [[New Jersey's 11th congressional district]] in over 30 years, '''[[Mikie Sherrill]]''' was a [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] [[helicopter]] pilot? ===Abigail Spanberger=== * ... that before becoming the first woman to represent [[Virginia's 7th congressional district]] in the [[U.S. House of Representatives|U.S. House]], '''[[Abigail Spanberger]]''' was a [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA operations officer]]? ===Gavin Newsom=== [[File:Newsom April 2024 (3x4 cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2022, [[Governor of California|Governor]] '''[[Gavin Newsom]]''' ''(pictured)'' made [[California]] the first [[sanctuary city|sanctuary state]] for [[transgender|transgender youth]]? ===Cambodian genocide=== * ... that the '''[[Cambodian genocide]]''' happened because [[dictator]] [[Pol Pot]] and the [[Khmer Rouge]] wanted to roll back [[Cambodia]] to "Year Zero" when every Cambodian was a [[Rural area|rural]] [[farmer]]? ===Joan Didion=== [[File:Didion1970 (cropped).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that '''[[Joan Didion]]''' ''(pictured)'' wrote her first novel, which was about a woman dying in the [[Sahara Desert]], when she was five years old? ===South Korea=== * ... that 70% of '''[[South Korea]]''' is covered by hills and mountains? ===Louise Glück=== [[File:Louise Glück circa 1977.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that in 2020, '''[[Louise Glück]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Americans|American]] woman to win the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] since 1993 and the first American poet to win since 1948? ===Boston=== * ... that from 1659 to 1681, it was [[banned]] in '''[[Boston]]''' to celebrate [[Christmas]] because the [[Pilgrims]] saw it as a "[[corruption|corrupt]] holiday"? ===Audrey Hepburn=== [[File:Audrey Hepburn 1956om (cropped).jpg|100px|right]] *...that '''[[Audrey Hepburn]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first person to be an [[List of EGOT winners|EGOT winner]] [[posthumously]]? ===Beagle=== * ... that a 2019 research found that '''[[Beagle|beagles]]''' could detect [[lung cancer]] with 97% accuracy? ===Lilo & Stitch=== * ... that the 2002 movie '''''[[Lilo & Stitch]]''''' was the first time that [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]] hand-drew its characters and used of [[watercolour|watercolors]] for its background since the 1940s? ===Susan Brownmiller=== * ... that the works of [[Americans|American]] [[feminist]] author '''[[Susan Brownmiller]]''' is said to have helped create laws that made it easier to criminally charge [[rape|rapists]]? ===Mike Schaefer=== * ... that when he was elected to the [[California State Board of Equalization|State Board of Equalization]] in 2018 at the age of 80, '''[[Mike Schaefer]]''' became the oldest [[California|Californian]] to serve in a state constitutional office? === Pig === [[File:Sus scrofa scrofa.jpg|right|100px]] *...that '''[[pig]]s''' ''(pictured)'' can be taught to play [[video game]]s? ===Catholic Church=== * ... that the '''[[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic Church]]''' has the oldest continuously used legal system in the world? ===Chuck Grassley=== [[File:Chuck Grassley official photo 2017.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that with over 40 years in the [[U.S. Senate]], '''[[Chuck Grassley]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the longest serving [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] senator in [[History of the United States|U.S. history]]? ===Lee Zeldin=== * ... that in 2022, while running for [[Governor of New York|New York Governor]], then-[[U.S. Representative]] '''[[Lee Zeldin]]''' was attacked by a [[drunk]] man who later said he did not know who Zeldin was? ===Sara Duterte=== [[File:2024-04-10 – PBBM to highlight economic cooperation, defense and maritime cooperation in historic trilateral meeting with US, Japan (03) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Sara Duterte]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Vice President of the Philippines]] to be [[impeachment|impeached]]? ===Cori Bush=== * ... that in 2021, [[nurse|registered nurse]] '''[[Cori Bush]]''' became the first [[African American]] woman to represent [[Missouri]] in the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Sussan Ley=== [[File:SL - 2012 Profile.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Sussan Ley]]''' ''(pictured)'' became [[Australia|Australia's]] first female [[Leader of the Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal Party Leader]] and [[Leader of the Opposition (Australia)|Opposition Leader]]? ===Pope Leo XIV=== * ... that '''[[Pope Leo XIV]]''' picked his papal name because of [[Pope Leo XIII]] and the "cultural shifts" the [[Roman Catholic church]] might see through [[artificial intelligence]] and [[robotics]]? ===Wesley Bell=== [[File:Rep. Wesley Bell Official Portrait.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2019, future-[[Missouri]] [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Wesley Bell]]''' ''(pictured)'' became [[St. Louis County, Missouri|St. Louis County's]] first [[African Americans|Black]] [[attorney|prosecuting attorney]]? ===Peter Dutton=== * ... that in [[2025 Australian federal election|2025]], '''[[Peter Dutton]]''' became the first [[List of Australian Leaders of the Opposition|Australian opposition leader]] to lose their [[Australian House of Representatives|parliamentary seat]] at an election? ===JB Pritzker=== [[File:JB Pritzker 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... when he was [[2022 Illinois gubernatorial election|re-elected in 2022]], [[Governor of Illinois|Illinois Governor]] '''[[JB Pritzker]]''' ''(pictured)'' had the highest vote share for any [[United States|U.S.]] [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] governor in more than 60 years? ===Toni Breidinger=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Toni Breidinger]]''' became the first [[NASCAR]] driver to model for [[Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue|''Sports Illustrated''<nowiki/>'s Swimsuit Issue]]? ===Rashida Tlaib=== [[File:Tlaib Rashida 119th Congress.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2018, '''[[Rashida Tlaib]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Muslim]] woman and the first [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]]-[[Americans|American]] woman elected to the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Anthony Albanese=== * ... that in [[2025 Australian federal election|2025]], '''[[Anthony Albanese]]''' became the first [[Prime Minister of Australia|Australian prime minister]] to win re-election since [[John Howard]] in [[2004 Australian federal election|2004]]? ===Friedrich Merz=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Friedrich Merz]]''' became the first post-war [[Chancellor of Germany|German chancellor]] not to receive the needed [[German Bundestag|confirmation votes]] in the first round of voting? ===Nicușor Dan=== [[File:Nicușor Dan 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2020, two-time [[International Mathematical Olympiad]] champion '''[[Nicușor Dan]]''' ''(pictured)'' was elected as [[Bucharest|Bucharest's]] first [[Independent politician|independent]] mayor? ===1755 Cape Ann earthquake=== * ... that the '''[[1755 Cape Ann earthquake]]''' in [[Massachusetts]] could be felt as far north as [[Nova Scotia]] in [[Canada]] and as far south as [[South Carolina]]? ===Richard Pryor=== [[File:Richard Pryor 1973 (cropped).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that in 1980, comedian '''[[Richard Pryor]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first black actor to earn a million dollars for a single movie when he starred in ''[[Stir Crazy (movie)|Stir Crazy]]''? ===Mike Waltz=== * ... that '''[[Mike Waltz]]''' was the first [[Americans|American]] [[United States Congress|congress member]] to call for a full [[United States|U.S.]] [[boycott]] of the [[2022 Winter Olympics]] in [[Beijing]] for the [[China|country's]] [[persecution of Uyghurs in China|persecution of Uyghurs]]? ===Dick Durbin=== [[File:Dick Durbin 2022 official portrait (cropped) 2.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Illinois]] [[U.S. Senator]] '''[[Dick Durbin]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the longest-serving [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate party whip]] in [[History of the United States|U.S. history]]? ===Ali France=== * ... that [[2025 Australian federal election|in 2025]], '''[[Ali France]]''' became the first person in [[History of Australia|Australian history]] to defeat an [[Leader of the Opposition (Australia)|opposition leader]] in a [[Australian House of Representatives|parliamentary election]]? === Hydrogen === [[File:Shuttle Main Engine Test Firing cropped edited and reduced.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[hydrogen]]''' fires ''(pictured)'', while being extremely hot, are almost invisible to [[human]]s, leading to accidental burns? === Water === * ... that 12 billion [[light year]]s away around a [[quasar]] there is a giant cloud of '''[[water]]''' with 140 trillion times more water than all the water on [[Earth]]? ===Michael Bloomberg=== [[File:Michael Bloomberg 2022 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2020, former [[Mayor of New York City|New York City Mayor]] '''[[Michael Bloomberg]]''' ''(pictured)'' spent the most money spent on a presidential primary campaign in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===Tammy Duckworth=== [[File:Tammy Duckworth, official portrait, 115th Congress (cropped)2.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2004, future [[Illinois]] [[U.S. Senator]] '''[[Tammy Duckworth]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Americans|American]] female [[Amputation|double amputee]] from the [[Iraq War]]? === False memory === *...that [[experiment]]s have shown that people can be made to '''[[False memory|remember events that did not take place]]'''? ===Robert F. Kennedy Jr.=== * ... that in 2013, future [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services|U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services]] '''[[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]]''' helped the [[Chipewyan|Chipewyan First Nation]] to protect their land from [[tar sands]] production? ===Catholic Church sexual abuse cases=== * ... that a study found that 81% of the victims of the '''[[Catholic Church sexual abuse cases]]''' between 1950 and the early 2000s were male? === False memory === *...that [[experiment]]s have shown that people can be made to '''[[False memory|remember events that did not take place]]'''? ===Juliana Stratton=== [[File:National Lieutenant Governor's Association (52766342026) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2020, [[Lieutenant Governor of Illinois|Illinois Lieutenant Governor]] '''[[Juliana Stratton]]''' ''(pictured)'' was one of the first customers to buy [[recreation|recreational]] [[cannabis (drug)|cannabis]] in the [[Illinois|state]]? ===Tony Evers=== * ... that in 2023, [[Governor of Wisconsin|Wisconsin Governor]] '''[[Tony Evers]]''' made a [[veto|line-item veto]] to the [[Wisconsin|state]] budget that increased school funding of $325 until the year 2425? ===Sean Baker=== [[File:Sean Baker at the 2024 New York Film Festival (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, filmmaker '''[[Sean Baker]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first person to win four [[Academy Awards]] for the [[Anora (movie)|same movie]]? ===Philippe of Belgium=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Philippe of Belgium]]''' publicly criticized [[Pope Francis]] during a welcome address of him over the [[Catholic Church sexual abuse cases|sexual abuses]] done by the [[Roman Catholic Church]] in [[Belgium]]? ===Conclave (movie)=== * ... that viewership for the 2024 movie '''''[[Conclave (movie)|Conclave]]''''' went up 283% on [[streaming media|streaming platforms]] following [[Death and funeral of Pope Francis|the death]] of [[Pope Francis]] in April 2025? ===Karoline Leavitt=== [[File:Karoline Leavitt by Gage Skidmore 2 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at the age of 27, '''[[Karoline Leavitt]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the youngest [[White House Press Secretary]] in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===John Ratcliffe=== * ... that in 2019, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found out that then-[[Director of National Intelligence|National Intelligence Director]] nominee '''[[John Ratcliffe]]''' lied about arresting "300 [[Illegal immigration|illegal immigrants]] in a single day"? ===Salem Witch Trials=== *...that some of the '''[[Salem Witch Trials]]''' only lasted 15 minutes, and resulted in people being found guilty and [[death penalty|executed]]? ===Susie Wiles=== [[File:Susie Wiles 2025 (edited crop).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Susie Wiles]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first ever female [[White House Chief of Staff]] in [[American history]]? ===Paper Mario: Color Splash=== * ... that [[Nintendo of America]] accidentally made '''''[[Paper Mario: Color Splash]]''''' available to play two weeks early? ===Austria=== * ... that the first [[postcard]]s were issued in '''[[Austria]]''' in 1869? ===Cory Booker=== [[File:Cory Booker, official portrait (119th Congress).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, at 25 hours and five minutes long, '''[[Cory Booker]]''' ''(pictured)'' made the longest speech in the history of the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]]? ===Super Mario Bros. theme=== * ... that in 2023, the '''[[Super Mario Bros. theme|''Super Mario Bros.'' theme]]''' became the first [[video game music]] track to be preserved by the U.S. [[Library of Congress]]? ===Doug Collins (politician)=== [[File:Official portrait of Douglas Collins, U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs.jpeg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs|U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs]] '''[[Doug Collins (politician)|Doug Collins]]''' ''(pictured)'' was a [[United States Navy|navy]] [[chaplain]] before entering politics? ===Air Force One (movie)=== * ... that in 2016, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' named [[Harrison Ford|Harrison Ford's]] character in the 1997 movie '''''[[Air Force One (movie)|Air Force One]]''''' the "greatest fictional [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] of all time"? ===Elise Stefanik=== [[File:Elise Stefanik, 115th official photo.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2014 at the age of 30, '''[[Elise Stefanik]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the youngest woman and youngest [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] ever elected to the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Malta=== * ... that at 316 [[Square kilometre|sq km]], '''[[Malta]]''' is the smallest country in the [[European Union]]? ===Patty Murray=== [[File:Patty Murray, official portrait, 113th Congress.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2023, [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] '''[[Patty Murray]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first female [[President pro tempore of the United States Senate]]? ===Mike Johnson=== * ... that [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker]] '''[[Mike Johnson]]''' has less experience in the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] than any other speaker since 1883? ===Fernanda Torres=== [[File:ImStillHereBFILFF131024 (4 of 36) (54065967346) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Fernanda Torres]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Brazilian people|Brazilian]], [[Latin America|Latin American]], and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese-speaking]] actor to win the [[Golden Globe Award|Golden Globe for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama]]? ===Greece=== * ... that almost 80% of '''[[Greece]]''' is made up by [[mountain|mountainous terrain]]? ===Linda McMahon=== [[File:Linda McMahon 2025 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Linda McMahon]]''' ''(pictured)'' changed [[WWE|WWE's]] [[TV Parental Guidelines|television rating]] from TV-14 to PG to attract a young generation of [[wrestling]] fans? ===Lori Chavez-DeRemer=== * ... that '''[[Lori Chavez-DeRemer]]''' lost to [[Janelle Bynum]] three times when she ran for the [[Oregon House of Representatives|Oregon State House]] and the [[U.S. House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representative]] in different elections? ===Mia Love=== [[File:Mia Love Congressional Photo.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2015, '''[[Mia Love]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[African American|Black]] [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] woman elected to the [[United States Congress]]? ===Liechtenstein=== * ... that in 1969, [[NASA]] gave '''[[Liechtenstein]]''' [[moon|moon rocks]] and a [[Flag of Liechtenstein|national flag]] that had been on the moon to thank them for their support from a local company during the [[Apollo 11]] mission? ===9 Songs=== * ... that the 2004 British romantic drama movie '''''[[9 Songs]]''''' included scenes of its two main actors actually having [[sexual intercourse]] and performing [[oral sex]] as well as a scene of [[ejaculation]]? ===Mark Carney=== [[File:Prime Minister Boris Johnson meets with Mark Carney No.10 Downing Street (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Mark Carney]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first person to become [[Prime Minister of Canada]] without holding elected public office before? ===SpongeBob SquarePants=== * ... that in 2025, '''''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]''''' became the longest-running [[United States|American]] [[children's animation|children's animated]] series? ===Muhsin Hendricks=== * ... that '''[[Muhsin Hendricks]]''' was called the world's first [[openly gay]] [[imam]]? ===Brooke Rollins=== [[File:Brooke Rollins 2025 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States Secretary of Agriculture|U.S. Secretary of Agriculture]] '''[[Brooke Rollins]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first female student body president at her ''[[alma mater]]'' [[Texas A&M University]]? ===Hurricane (dog)=== * ... that '''[[Hurricane (dog)|Hurricane]]''', a [[United States Secret Service|U.S. Secret Service]]-trained [[dog]] who protected President [[Barack Obama]] in 2014, was thought to be the most [[decoration|decorated]] dog in [[American history]]? ===Kash Patel=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Kash Patel]]''' became the youngest person and the first [[Asian Americans|Asian-American]] to become [[Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation]]? ===Emperor Penguins=== [[File:Aptenodytes forsteri MHNT.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Emperor penguin|emperor penguins]] ''' ''(egg pictured)'' are the only [[bird|birds]] in the world that can lay their [[egg|eggs]] on [[ice]]? ===Stockholm=== * ... that '''[[Stockholm]]''' is built on fourteen islands and is connected by fifty-seven bridges? ===Scott Turner (politician)=== * ... that [[United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development|U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development]] '''[[Scott Turner (politician)|Scott Turner]]''' once played for the [[National Football League|NFL]] and was a [[United States Congress|congressional]] [[intern]] afterwards? ===Mikey Madison=== [[File:Mikey Madison at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Mikey Madison]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Gen Z]] actress to win an [[Academy Award]]? ===R. Budd Dwyer=== * ... that in 1987, [[Pennsylvania]] [[lawmaker]] '''[[R. Budd Dwyer]]''' publicly [[suicide|committed suicide]] during a live press conference, which was [[broadcasting|broadcasted]] throughout the state? ===Sean Duffy=== * ... that before entering politics, [[United States Secretary of Transportation|U.S. Secretary of Transportation]] '''[[Sean Duffy]]''' was a cast member of the [[MTV]] [[reality television]] series ''[[The Real World|The Real World: Boston]]''? === Miss Meyers === * ... that racehorse '''[[Miss Meyers]]''' only started racing well after she turned four years old, then won what would be $156,000 today in the same year? ===Drug cartel=== * ... that a 2025 report by the [[United States Department of Justice|U.S. Department of Justice]] found that 74% of [[firearms]] used by the '''[[Drug cartel|Mexican drug cartels]]''' came from the [[United States]]? ===Frankétienne=== [[File:Jean Laposte 2 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1975, '''[[Frankétienne]]''' ''(pictured)'' wrote the first novel entirely written in [[Haitian Creole]]? ===Doughtnuts=== *...that [[Canada]] has the most '''[[doughnut]]''' shops per person? ===European Union=== * ... that the '''[[European Union]]''' is the world's largest single-market and would be the third largest country in the world if it were independent? ===Howard Lutnick=== [[File:Howard Lutnick (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States Secretary of Commerce|U.S. Secretary of Commerce]] '''[[Howard Lutnick]]''' ''(pictured)'' survived the [[Collapse of the World Trade Center|collapse]] of the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] during the [[September 11 attacks]]? ===Thutmose II=== * ... that in 2022, the discovery of the [[tomb]] of '''[[Thutmose II]]''' became the first royal tomb to be discovered since [[King Tutankhamun|King Tutankhamun's]] in 1922? ===Souleymane Cissé=== * ... that '''[[Souleymane Cissé]]''' is the first director from [[sub-Saharan Africa]] to receive an award at the [[Cannes Film Festival]]? ===Alice Weidel=== [[File:2019-09-01 Wahlabend Sachsen by Sandro Halank–039.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Alice Weidel]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[lesbian]] to serve as a leader candidate for the [[Alternative for Germany|Alternative for Germany Party]]? ===Pete Hegseth=== * ... that [[United States Secretary of Defense|U.S. Secretary of Defense]] '''[[Pete Hegseth]]''' volunteered to be a [[National Guard (United States)|National Guard]] for [[Joe Biden|Joe Biden's]] [[Inauguration of Joe Biden|inauguration in 2021]], but was removed for posting [[Extremism|extremist views]] online? ===Klaus Iohannis=== [[File:Клаус Йоханнис (52539721210).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Klaus Iohannis]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[President of Romania]] belonging to an [[Ethnic group|ethnic minority]]? ===Athens=== * ... that '''[[Athens]]''' is [[Europe|Europe's]] oldest continuously active [[capital city]]? ===Saturday Night Live=== * ... that as of 2022, '''''[[Saturday Night Live]]''''' had received more than 305 [[Primetime Emmy Award]] nominations, the most received by any television program? ===Friedrich Merz=== [[File:2025-02-17 ARD-Wahlarena zur Bundestagswahl 2025 by Sandro Halank–050.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Chancellor of Germany|German Chancellor]] '''[[Friedrich Merz]]''' ''(pictured)'' is a licensed pilot and owns two airplanes? ===Luxembourg=== * ... that in 2020, '''[[Luxembourg]]''' became the first country in the world to make all [[public transport]] free to use? ===Ed Broadbent=== [[File:Ed Broadbent in 2019 (3x4 crop).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that the [[state funeral]] of '''[[Ed Broadbent]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first for a [[Canada|Canadian]] [[political party|party leader]] who was never [[Prime Minister of Canada|prime minister]] or [[Leader of the Opposition (Canada)|opposition leader]]? ===Gisèle Pelicot=== * ... that in 2020, '''[[Gisèle Pelicot]]''' discovered that she was being [[Rapes of Gisèle Pelicot|drugged and raped by her husband and 83 other men]] for nine years? ===Roberta Metsola=== [[File:Roberta Metsola 2022.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that in 2022, '''[[Roberta Metsola]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first woman and youngest person to be elected [[President of the European Parliament]]? ===Texas=== * ... that before becoming a [[States of the U.S.|U.S. state]] in 1845, '''[[Texas]]''' was its [[Republic of Texas|own country]] for almost ten years? ===Manneken Pis=== *...that the statue '''[[Manneken Pis]]''' in [[Brussels]], which shows a boy [[urination|urinating]] into a fountain, also inspired other similar figures in Brussels? ===Caroline Chew=== [[File:Carolinechew.jpg|right|100px]] *...that '''[[Caroline Chew]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Singapore]]an [[equestrian]] to be in the [[Olympic Games]]? ===Peru=== * ... that '''[[Peru]]''' is where [[potatoes]] were first [[gardening|cultivated]] by [[Inca Empire|the Incas]]? ===Dora Bakoyannis=== [[File:Dora Bakoyannis-headshot.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Dora Bakoyannis]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first female mayor of [[Athens]] and the first female mayor of a city to have hosted the [[Olympic Games]]? ===New York (state)=== * ... that the [[States of the U.S.|U.S. state]] of '''[[New York (state)|New York]]''' has over 70,000 miles of [[river]]s and [[stream]]s? ===Donn Moomaw=== [[File:Donn Moomaw 1951 (full).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Donn Moomaw]]''' ''(pictured)'' refused to play with the [[Los Angeles Rams]] since they played on Sundays and later became a [[Presbyterian]] [[Minister (Christianity)|minister]]? ===Bart De Wever=== * ... that '''[[Bart De Wever]]''' is the first [[Flemish Movement|Flemish nationalist]] to become [[Prime Minister of Belgium]]? ===Joe Lieberman=== [[File:Joe Lieberman official Senate portrait Retouched.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that in [[2000 United States presidential election|2000]], [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] '''[[Joe Lieberman]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first practicing [[Jewish|Jew]] to run for [[Vice President of the United States|vice president]]? ===Aga Khan IV=== * ... that in 2014, '''[[Aga Khan IV]]''' became the first faith leader to address a joint session of the [[Parliament of Canada]]? ===Fernanda Montenegro=== [[File:Fernanda Montenegro em 2015 cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Fernanda Montenegro]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Brazilian people|Brazilian]] to be nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Actress]]? ===Ralph Lauren=== [[File:Ralph Lauren 3x4.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, '''[[Ralph Lauren]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[fashion designer]] to be honored with the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]]? ===Nicaragua=== * ... that in 2025, '''[[Nicaragua]]''' became a [[diarchy]] with [[Daniel Ortega]] and his wife [[Rosario Murillo]] becoming [[President of Nicaragua|co-presidents]]? ===Pam Bondi=== [[File:Pam Bondi 2018.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States Attorney General]] '''[[Pam Bondi]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first woman to be elected [[Florida Attorney General|Florida state attorney general]]? ===Kelly Loeffler=== * ... that former [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] '''[[Kelly Loeffler]]''' once owned the [[Atlanta Dream]] [[basketball|basketball team]], but sold it in 2021 because of her opinions of the [[Black Lives Matter|Black Lives Matter movement]]? ===Chappell Roan=== [[File:Chappell Roan @ Hollywood Palladium 11 18 2022 (53886800138).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that singer-songwriter '''[[Chappell Roan]]''' ''(pictured)'' got her [[stage name]] from her grandfather Dennis Chappell and his favorite song, "The Strawberry Roan"? ===Dick Button=== * ... that [[Emmy Award]]-winning sports commentator '''[[Dick Button]]''' is the only [[Americans|American]] man to win the [[European Figure Skating Championships]]? ===Usha Vance=== [[File:Usha Vance, official portrait (2025) (cropped reasonable).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, lawyer '''[[Usha Vance]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Indian Americans|Indian-American]] and first [[Millennials|Millennial]] [[Second ladies and gentlemen of the United States|U.S. Second Lady]] in [[American history]]? ===Chris Wright=== * ... that in 2019, future [[United States Secretary of Energy|U.S. Energy Secretary]] '''[[Chris Wright]]''' drank [[fracking|fracking fluid]] to prove it was not dangerous? ===Algeria=== * ... that '''[[Algeria]]''' is the largest country in [[Africa]]? ===Marco Rubio=== [[File:Official portrait of Secretary Marco Rubio, January 2025.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, [[United States Secretary of State|U.S. Secretary of State]] '''[[Marco Rubio]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the highest-ranking [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic American]] official in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===Ahmed al-Sharaa=== * ... that the [[United States]] had a $10 million [[bounty (reward)|bounty]] against '''[[Ahmed al-Sharaa]]''', however removed it when he became the [[Syrian transitional government|Syrian transitional]] [[President of Syria|leader]] in [[Fall of Damascus|2024]]? ===Richard Williamson (bishop)=== [[File:Bishop Richard Williamson.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Auxiliary bishop]] '''[[Richard Williamson (bishop)|Richard Williamson]]''' ''(pictured)'' had his [[excommunicated|excommunication]] lifted in 2009 by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] only to be excommunicated again in 2013 for his [[Holocaust denial]] views? ===Charli D'Amelio=== [[File:Charli D'Amelio at KCAs 2023 01.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2020, '''[[Charli D'Amelio]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[TikTok]] celebrity to have a both 50 million followers and 100 million followers? ===January 20–22, 2025 Gulf Coast blizzard=== * ... that the '''[[January 20–22, 2025 Gulf Coast blizzard]]''' was the first recorded [[blizzard]] on the [[Gulf Coast]] ever? ===Scott Bessent=== [[File:Scott Bessent, official portrait (2025) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2025, [[United States Secretary of the Treasury|U.S. Treasury Secretary]] '''[[Scott Bessent]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the highest-ranking openly [[LGBT|LGBT person]] in [[American history]]? ===Lynn Ban=== * ... that jewelry designer '''[[Lynn Ban]]''' agreed to appear on the [[Netflix]] reality show ''[[Bling Empire: New York]]'' to go against the "[[stereotype]]s of ''[[Crazy Rich Asians (movie)|Crazy Rich Asians]]''"? ===Valerie André=== * ... that in 1976, [[French resistance|resistance]] official '''[[Valerie André]]''' became the first female member of the [[French Army|French military]] to become [[General Officer]]? ===Lluvia de Peces=== * ... that in the small town of [[Honduras|Yoro, Honduras]], residents experience "'''[[Lluvia de Peces]]'''" or "Rain of Fish" annually? ===Belly dance=== *...that in 2006, [[Hamas]] outlawed '''[[Belly dance|bellydancing]]''' because they saw it as [[islam|unislamic]]? ===Second inauguration of Donald Trump=== * ... that the '''[[Second inauguration of Donald Trump|second inauguration of Donald Trump]]''' is the first to be held indoors in the [[United States Capitol]] since [[Ronald Reagan|Ronald Reagan's]] [[Second inauguration of Ronald Reagan|second inauguration in 1985]]? ===Cormac McCarthy=== [[File:Cormac McCarthy (The Orchard Keeper author portrait).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that '''[[Cormac McCarthy]]''' ''(pictured)'', whose novel was [[No Country for Old Men (movie)|made into an Academy Award-winning movie]], was called the "best unknown novelist in [[United States|America]]" and rarely had an [[agent]]? ===Wendell Berry=== * ... that in 2015, '''[[Wendell Berry]]''' became the first living writer to be added to the [[Kentucky Writers Hall of Fame]]? ===January 2025 Southern California wildfires=== * ... that the '''[[January 2025 Southern California wildfires]]''' had multiple [[wildfires]], two of which are the second and fourth most destructive fires in [[California|California's history]]? ===William Shatner=== [[File:William Shatner Biohacker Expo 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2021 at the age of 90, ''[[Star Trek]]'' actor '''[[William Shatner]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the oldest person to fly in [[Outer space|space]]? ===António Guterres=== * ... that in 2017, former [[Prime Minister of Portugal|Portuguese Prime Minister]] '''[[António Guterres]]''' became the first national leader to become [[United Nations Secretary-General]]? ===Mark Rutte=== [[File:Mark Rutte, 23.03.23 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2010, '''[[Mark Rutte]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Liberalism|liberal]] [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands|Dutch prime minister]] since 1918? ===Benjamin Netanyahu=== * ... that in 2019, '''[[Benjamin Netanyahu]]''' became the first sitting [[Prime Minister of Israel|prime minister]] in [[Israel|Israel's]] history to be criminally charged? ===Minnesota=== * ... that the [[United States|U.S. state]] of '''[[Minnesota]]''' got its name from the [[Sioux|Sioux language]], meaning "sky-tinted water" or "cloudy water"? ===Jane Fonda=== [[File:Jane Fonda 1963.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1964, '''[[Jane Fonda]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Americans|American]] actress to have a [[nude|nude scene]] in a foreign movie? ===Valdas Adamkus=== * ... that before becoming [[President of Lithuania]], '''[[Valdas Adamkus]]''' worked for the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]] as a deputy administrator in the 1970s? ===Olivia Rodrigo=== [[File:OlivaRO2150524 (38) (53727178601) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] *...that '''[[Olivia Rodrigo]]''' ''(pictured)'' was inspired by [[Taylor Swift]] to start singing? ===iPhone 14 Pro=== * ... that in 2022, the '''[[iPhone 14 Pro]]''' became the first [[iPhone]] to have an always-on display? ===Karla Sofía Gascón=== [[File:Karla Sofia Gascon at TIFF 2024 the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Karla Sofía Gascón]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[transgender woman]] nominated for a [[Golden Globe Award]] and an [[Academy Award]]? ===Jean-Marie Le Pen=== * ... that in 2015, '''[[Jean-Marie Le Pen]]''' was banned from his own [[National Rally|political party]] by [[Marine Le Pen|his daughter]] after saying good things about the [[gas chamber]]s used in [[The Holocaust]]? ===Wolfgang Schäuble=== * ... that '''[[Wolfgang Schäuble|Wolfgang Schäuble's]]''' 2014 [[budget]] as [[Germany|Germany's]] [[Federal Ministry of Finance (Germany)|Finance Minister]] allowed the country to take on no new [[debt]] for the first time since 1969? ===PewDiePie=== [[File:Pewdiepie head shot.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2016, '''[[PewDiePie]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Youtube]]r to have 50 million subscribers? ===iPhone 8=== * ... that in 2017, the '''[[iPhone 8]]''' became the first [[iPhone]] to have a wireless charger? ===MrBeast=== [[File:CrunchLabs - MrBeast Opened the WRONG BOX!!! (MRus4BCPRyY - 0m28s) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2024, '''[[MrBeast]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the most subscribed [[Youtube]] channel after passing [[T-Series]]? ===iPhone 12 Pro=== * ... that in 2020, the '''[[iPhone 12 Pro]]''' became the first [[iPhone]] to have [[5G]]? ===Pope Clement X=== [[File:Portrait of Pope Clement X, by Giovanni Battista Gaulli (Baciccio) - Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at the age of 79, '''[[Pope Clement X]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the oldest person to be elected [[List of popes|pope]]? ===Ebenezer Scrooge=== * ... that '''[[Ebenezer Scrooge]]''', the main character of ''[[A Christmas Carol]]'', was said to have been inspired by a [[Dutch people|Dutch]] [[grave|gravedigger]]? ===Morris Dees=== [[File:Morris Dees Boston 2015 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that civil rights activist and co-founder of the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]] '''[[Morris Dees]]''' ''(pictured)'' was inspired by [[Atticus Finch]] to become a lawyer? ===Pope Benedict IX=== * ... that '''[[Pope Benedict IX]]''' was likely 12 years old when he became [[List of popes|pope]] and was pope three separate times? ===iPhone 15=== [[File:Apple iPhone 15 Pink (November 1, 2024).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2023, the '''[[IPhone 15|iPhone 15]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[iPhone]] to have a [[USB-C|USB Type C]]? ===Nude calendar=== *... that in 1999, a group of middle-aged Englishwomen posing [[nude]] to raise money for [[leukemia]] research were the first to do a '''[[Nude calendar|nude calendar for charity]]'''? ===Kristrún Frostadóttir=== [[File:Kristrún Frostadóttir 2021.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[2024 Icelandic parliamentary election|2024]] at the age of 36, '''[[Kristrún Frostadóttir]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the youngest [[Prime Minister of Iceland|prime minister]] in [[Iceland|Icelandic history]]? ===Superman (2025 movie)=== * ... that within 24 hours of its release, the [[trailer (movie)|trailer]] for the 2025 [[DC Universe (franchise)|DCU movie]] '''''[[Superman (2025 movie)|Superman]]''''' became the most viewed [[Warner Bros.]] trailer of all time with over 250 million views? ===Manmohan Singh=== [[File:Manmohan Singh 2007.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2004, '''[[Manmohan Singh]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Sikh]] to be elected [[Prime Minister of India]]? ===Chris Hoy=== * ... that six-time Olympic champion cyclist '''[[Chris Hoy]]''' was inspired to cycle at age six because of the 1982 movie ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]''? ===Valkyrae=== [[File:Valkyrae for 100 Thieves (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Valkyrae]]''' ''(pictured)'' has been [[YouTube]]'s most-watched female [[live stream|streamer]] since 2020? ===António Costa=== * ... that '''[[António Costa|António Costa's]]''' time as [[Prime Minister of Portugal]] is the longest of any national leader of the [[Iberian Peninsula]] in the [[21st century]]? ===Dragonfruit=== [[File:Fruits mûrs.JPG|100px|right]] *..that '''[[Dragonfruit|dragonfruits]]''' ''(pictured)'' are the [[fruit]] of a [[cactus]]? ===Pierre Poilievre=== * ... that after being elected to the [[Parliament of Canada]] in [[2004 Canadian federal election|2004]] at the age of 25, future [[Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)|Opposition Leader]] '''[[Pierre Poilievre]]''' was the youngest [[Member of Parliament|MP]] at the time? ===Gracie Abrams=== [[File:Gracie Abrams @ El Rey Theatre 03 05 2022 (52297975314) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that after her song "[[That's So True]]" was number six on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]], '''[[Gracie Abrams]]''' ''(pictured)'' said she wrote the song while [[intoxicated|drunk]]? ===Warren G. Harding=== * ... that in 1922, '''[[Warren G. Harding]]''' became the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to have his voice [[Transmitter|transmitted]] by radio? ===Herbert Hoover=== [[File:President Hoover portrait.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1927 while he was [[United States Secretary of Commerce|Secretary of Commerce]], '''[[Herbert Hoover]]''' ''(pictured)'' appeared on the first public [[demonstration]] of a [[broadcast|television broadcast]] in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===Calvin Coolidge=== * ... that '''[[Calvin Coolidge]]''' was the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to lead a public celebration of the [[Christmas]] holidays? ===Pink elephant=== *..that '''[[Pink elephant|pink elephants]]''' exist because of [[Albinism|albinism]]? ===Franklin Pierce=== [[File:Portrait of Franklin Pierce (by George Peter Alexander Healy, 1853).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that '''[[Franklin Pierce]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to take the [[oath of office]] on a law book instead of the bible? ===William McKinley=== * ... that '''[[William McKinley|William McKinley's]]''' [[inauguration]] was the first to be filmed, making him the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] to ever be filmed? ===Michel Barnier=== [[File:Michel Barnier 2020.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2024 at the age of 73, '''[[Michel Barnier]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the oldest [[Prime Minister of France|prime minister]] in the [[French Fifth Republic]]? ===Harry S. Truman=== * ... that in 1945, '''[[Harry S. Truman]]''' became the first [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] in office to use [[Air Force One|air travel]] within the [[United States|country]]? ===Occupation of the Hainburger Au=== * ... that in 1984, 40,000 people took part in the '''[[Occupation of the Hainburger Au]]''' in [[Vienna]] to [[protest]] against the building of a [[power plant]]? ===Charles Dickens=== [[File:Dickens Gurney head.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Charles Dickens]]''' ''(pictured)'' made less money than expected with the sales of ''[[A Christmas Carol]]'', making £230 instead of his expected £1,000? ===Compulsory sterilization=== *...that to fight [[climate change]], the aid agency of the government of the United Kingdom still supports '''[[Compulsory sterilization|compulsory sterilization]]''' in [[India]]? ===William Henry Harrison=== [[File:William Henry Harrison daguerreotype edit.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that the [[inauguration|inaugural address]] of [[President of the United States|President]] '''[[William Henry Harrison]]''' ''(pictured)'', the first speech of his month-long presidency, is the longest in [[American history]], lasting almost two hours? ===Millard Fillmore=== * ... that in 1851, [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[Millard Fillmore]]''' personally fought a fire at the [[Library of Congress]] and then signed a [[Bill (proposed law)|bill]] to fund all the books destroyed in the fire? ===Zachary Taylor=== [[File:Zachary Taylor restored and cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Zachary Taylor]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the last [[President of the United States]] to own [[slaves]] while he was still in office? ===James Buchanan=== * ... that in 1858, [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[James Buchanan]]''' received the first [[telegram]] sent by the [[Transatlantic telegraph cable]]? ===Holly Cairns=== [[File:Holly Cairns, April 2023 (headshot).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[2020 Irish general election|2020]], future [[Social Democrats (Ireland)|Social Democrats Leader]] '''[[Holly Cairns]]''' ''(pictured)'' ran against her then-boyfriend [[Christopher O'Sullivan]] for a seat in the [[Teachta Dála]]? ===James Monroe=== * ... that '''[[James Monroe]]''' is the only [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] besides [[George Washington]] with a [[Liberia|country's]] [[Monrovia|capital]] named after him? ===Sunflower=== [[File:Helianthus whorl.jpg|right|100px]] *...that the tallest '''[[sunflower]]''' ''(pictured)'' was 9.17 [[metres]] high? ===James A. Garfield=== * ... that [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[James A. Garfield]]''' could write in [[Greek]] with his left [[hand]] and [[Latin]] with his right hand at the same time? ===Antipope Felix V=== [[File:Nuremberg chronicles f 242v 2 (Felix V).jpg|100px|right]] * ... that '''[[Antipope Felix V|Felix V]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the last [[antipope]] in the history of the [[Catholic Church]]? ===Paternalism=== *..that there was a time when [[Ford Motor Company]] checked that their [[employee]]s '''[[Paternalism|regularly went to chuch]]'''? ===Jair Bolsonaro=== [[File:Jair Bolsonaro 2021 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in November 2024, former [[President of Brazil|Brazilian President]] '''[[Jair Bolsonaro]]''' ''(pictured)'' was formally accused by the national police for having knowledge about an [[assassination|assassination plot]] against his [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva|successor]]? ===Chihuahua (dog)=== * ... that the name for '''[[Chihuahua (dog)|Chihuahuas]]''' comes from the [[Na'huatl]] word for "between two waters" and the name is older than the [[Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire|Spanish Conquest of Mexico]]? ===Nancy Reagan=== [[File:Nancy Reagan.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that after [[Ronald Reagan|her husband]] survived an [[Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan|assassination attempt]], [[First Lady of the United States|U.S. First Lady]] '''[[Nancy Reagan]]''' ''(pictured)'' hired an [[astrology|astrologer]] to review and create his schedule to make sure he would be safe? ===Pig=== * ... that '''[[Pig|pigs]]''' have the longest [[orgasm]] in [[mammals]], with an average of 30 minutes, but it can last for as long as 90 minutes? ===The Scream=== [[File:The Scream.jpg||right|100px]] *...that the famous picture, '''''[[The Scream]]''''' ''(pictured)'', is worth 55 million dollars? ===Gotham City=== * ... that '''[[Gotham City]]''', a fictional [[DC Comics]] city, is said to be in [[New Jersey]] and is inspired by [[New York City]], [[Chicago]] and [[London]]? ===Theodore Edgar McCarrick=== [[File:Theodore McCarrick 207-DP-8339A (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2018, '''[[Theodore Edgar McCarrick]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[cardinal (Catholic Church)|Cardinal]] to resign from the [[College of Cardinals]] because of [[sexual abuse]] accusations? ===Brigitte Macron=== * ... that at age 40, '''[[Brigitte Macron|Brigitte Auzière]]''' met her husband, [[Emmanuel Macron]], when he was her 15 year-old student and a classmate of her daughter? ===René Henry Gracida=== * ... that [[bishop]] '''[[René Henry Gracida]]''' [[boycott|boycotted]] [[PepsiCo]] because they used "[[Like a Prayer (song)|Like a Prayer]]" by [[Madonna]] in one of their commercials and thought it was [[Sacrilege|sacrilegious]]? ===Sarah Frey=== [[File:Sarah Frey-Talley (19494902783) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Sarah Frey]]''' ''(pictured)'', who has been called "the Pumpkin Queen of [[United States|America]]", started her [[farm]]ing company at the age of 16? ===Choking game=== *...that a '''[[choking game]]''' is different from [[erotic asphyxiation]], and that most children playing these games do this to get high without taking drugs? ===Harley Quinn=== [[File:Harley Quinn 2015 Calgary Expo – Calgary Comic & Entertainment Expo (17033582449).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[DC Comics]] villain '''[[Harley Quinn]]''' ''(pictured)'' was created for the 1992 series ''[[Batman: The Animated Series]]'' and was only meant to appear in one episode? ===Poison Ivy (character)=== * ... that [[DC Comics]] villain '''[[Poison Ivy (character)|Poison Ivy]]''' was created because there was a need for more female villains on the 1966 series ''[[Batman (TV series)|Batman]]''? ===Catwoman=== [[File:Catwoman cosplayer (33483657440) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Bob Kane|Bob Kane's]] inspirations behind [[DC Comics]] [[antihero]] '''[[Catwoman]]''' ''(pictured)'' included actresses [[Jean Harlow]], [[Hedy Lamarr]], and his own cousin? ===Carmine Falcone=== * ... that [[John Turturro]] refused to play [[DC Comics|comic]] [[mafia|mob boss]] '''[[Carmine Falcone]]''' in TV series ''[[The Penguin (TV series)|The Penguin]]'' because it showed [[violence against women]]? ===Yassamin Ansari=== * ... that [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Yassamin Ansari]]''' was the first [[Iranian Americans|Iranian American]] elected to public office in [[Arizona]] and the second elected to the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Jimmy Carter=== [[File:Words from the President (42757498962) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2024, at the age of 100, former [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[Jimmy Carter]]''' ''(pictured)'' was nominated for a [[Grammy Award]], making him the oldest nominee ever? ===Los Alamos National Laboratory=== * ... that the '''[[Los Alamos National Laboratory]]''', where the [[Manhattan Project]] happened, has almost 900 facilities, thirteen of which are [[Nuclear weapon|nuclear-related]], and costs about $39.1 billion to repair? ===Pear=== [[File:Peer 'Bonne Louise d'Avranches' (Pyrus communis).jpg|right|100px]] *...that there are 3,000 known kinds of '''[[pear]]s''' ''(pictured)'' that are grown worldwide? ===Kemi Badenoch=== [[File:Official portrait of Kemi Badenoch MP crop 2, 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[2024 Conservative Party leadership election|2024]], [[Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party Leader]] '''[[Kemi Badenoch]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Black British|black]] leader of any [[List of political parties in the United Kingdom|major political party]] in the [[United Kingdom]]? ===Popsicle=== *...that the '''[[popsicle]]''' was accidentally made by an eleven-year-old boy named Frank Epperson in 1905? ===Sarah McBride=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Sarah McBride]]''' was elected as the first openly [[transgender]] member of the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]], having already been the first transgender state senator in [[Delaware]]? ===Tulsi Gabbard=== [[File:Tulsi Gabbard, official portrait, 113th Congress (cropped 3).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Tulsi Gabbard]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Samoan Americans|Samoan American]] and the first [[Hindu]] member of the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Miranda Hart=== * ... that in 2017, '''[[Miranda Hart]]''' became the first solo female presenter for the [[Royal Variety Performance]] in 105 years? ===Richard Feynman=== * ... that [[Manhattan Project]] member and [[List of Nobel Prize winners in Physics|Nobel Prize]] winner '''[[Richard Feynman]]''' is said to have helped uncover the reasons behind the [[Space Shuttle Challenger disaster|Space Shuttle ''Challenger'' disaster]]? ===Aella (writer)=== [[File:210919 Aella A Data Driven Approach to Sex Work -hru 3 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Aella (writer)|Aella]]''' ''(pictured)'', one of the highest-earning creators on [[OnlyFans]], also does research about the "[[ecosystem]]" of online [[sex worker]]s? ===Witch child=== *...that even though the practice of '''[[Witch child|killing children suspected of witchcraft]]''' has been done in [[Africa]], children have also been ritually killed in the [[United Kingdom]] for this reason? ===Great Pacific Garbage Patch=== *...that the '''[[Great Pacific Garbage Patch]]''' is at least the size of [[Texas]] and is mostly made of [[ghost net|lost fishing nets]]? ===XXXTentacion=== [[File:XXXTENTACION mugshot 7 14 2016 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that three years after his death, five of '''[[XXXTentacion|XXXTentacion's]]''' ''(pictured)'' unreleased [[SoundCloud]] songs were released as [[Non-fungible token|NFTs]] for charity? ===Mayra Gómez Kemp=== * ... that Cuban-Spanish entertainer '''[[Mayra Gómez Kemp]]''' is believed to be the first woman to host a television quiz show? ===Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō]]''' became the [[Māori King movement|Māori Queen]] at the age of 27, younger than the [[Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani|youngest reigning monarch]] of a [[sovereign nation]]? ===D. B. Cooper=== [[File:DBCooper.jpg|100px|right]] *...that more than fifty years after he jumped from a plane he had [[Aircraft hijacking|hijacked]], '''[[D. B. Cooper|D. B Cooper's]]''' ''(pictured)'' identity is still unknown? === Annalisa === [[File:Annalisa al suo concerto al Forum di Milano.jpg|right|100px]] *...that in 2024, Italian singer '''[[Annalisa]]''' ''(pictured)'' got an [[asteroid]] named after her? ===Reagan (2024 movie)=== * ... that in 2024, [[Facebook]] stopped the biographical movie '''''[[Reagan (2024 movie)|Reagan]]''''' from releasing ads on its platform believing they were trying to impact the [[2024 United States presidential election|2024 U.S. presidential election]]? ===Herbert A. Simon=== * ... that [[economist]] '''[[Herbert A. Simon]]''' is the first person to win a [[Turing Award]] and a [[Nobel Prize]]? ===Han Kang=== [[File:Han Kang - 2017 (cropped).png|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Han Kang]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[South Korea]]n writer and first female writer from [[Asia]] to win the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]? ===Ralph Steinman=== * ... that the [[Nobel Prize|Nobel Committee]] decided that '''[[Ralph Steinman]]''', who died three days before being honored, could keep his [[List of Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine|award]] despite their rule against [[Posthumous award|posthumous recognitions]]? ===Xi Jinping=== [[File:Chinese President Xi May 2024.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Xi Jinping]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party|Chinese leader]] born after the establishment of the [[People's Republic of China]] in 1949? ===Geoffrey Hinton=== * ... that [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel laureate]] '''[[Geoffrey Hinton]]''', who has been called the "godfather of [[Artificial intelligence|AI]]", stopped working for [[Google]] in 2023 to 'freely' talk about the risks of [[AI]]? ===Narendra Modi=== [[File:PM Modi Portrait(cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2014, '''[[Narendra Modi]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Prime Minister of India|Indian prime minister]] to be born after the [[India|country's]] [[Independence Day (India)|independence]] from the [[British Empire]]? ===Donald Sutherland=== * ... that '''[[Donald Sutherland]]''' agreed to play [[Coriolanus Snow]] in ''[[The Hunger Games (movie)|The Hunger Games]]'' because he wanted younger viewers to start a [[Revolution|revolutionary movement]] in the [[United States]]? ===Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands=== [[File:Willem-Alexander Claus George Ferdinand (Isaac Herzog visit to the Netherlands) Portrait.jpeg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2013, '''[[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|King Willem-Alexander]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[List of monarchs of the Netherlands|male monarch]] of [[the Netherlands]] since 1890? ===Dick Schoof=== * ... that in August 2024, [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands|Dutch Prime Minister]] '''[[Dick Schoof]]''' banned members of his [[cabinet]] from using cellphones during meetings to stop the threat of [[espionage]]? ===Amazing Grace=== * ... that the new [[verse]]s in '''"[[Amazing Grace]]"''' that [[Harriet Beecher Stowe]] wrote in ''[[Uncle Tom's Cabin]]'' were passed down in [[African-American]] communities and churches? ===Sabrina Carpenter=== [[File:Sabrina Carpenter - O2 Arena 2025 - 049 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Sabrina Carpenter]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first female artist to hold the number one and two positions on the [[UK Singles Chart|UK singles chart]] for three weeks in a row? ===Sir William Ramsay=== * ... that after discovering [[helium]], [[neon]], [[argon]], [[krypton]], and [[xenon]], '''[[William Ramsay|Sir William Ramsay]]''' helped make [[noble gas]]es a new group in the [[periodic table]]? ===Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki=== * ... that there were about 160 people who were present and survived both of the '''[[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki]]'''? ===Krypton=== *...that the [[chemical element|element]] '''[[Krypton]]''' was found in 1898, but it took over 60 years to find a [[chemical compound]] of Krypton? ===Bernard Hill=== [[File:Bernard Hill cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Bernard Hill]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the only actor to appear in two of the three movies with the most [[Academy Awards]] of all time? ===Teddy bear=== * ... that '''[[Teddy bear|teddy bears]]''' are named after [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[Theodore Roosevelt|Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt]] because he refused to kill a [[bear]] during a hunting event? ===John Hickenlooper=== * ... that before becoming [[Colorado|Colorado's]] [[Governor of Colorado|governor]] and [[United States Senate|senator]], '''[[John Hickenlooper]]''' opened the state's first [[brewpub]]? ===Al Capone=== [[File:Al Capone in 1930.jpg|100px|right]] * ... that a few years after he was released from [[prison]], '''[[Al Capone]]''' ''(pictured)'' had the mental capacity of a 12-year-old even though he was over 40 years old? ===Denver=== * ... that '''[[Denver]]''' is [[nickname]]d the "Mile High City" because its official [[elevation]] is exactly one mile [[above sea level]]? ===Manila=== * ... that '''[[Manila]]''' was established as a [[Muslim]] settlement in the 13th century and later as a Spanish [[colony|colonial]] city in 1571? ===Shigeru Ishiba=== [[File:Ishiba Shigeru 20241001 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1986, future [[Prime Minister of Japan|Japanese Prime Minister]] '''[[Shigeru Ishiba]]''' ''(pictured)'' was elected to the [[House of Representatives (Japan)|House of Representatives]] at age 29, becoming the youngest House member at the time? ===Moulin Rouge=== * ... that about 800 bottles of [[Champagne (wine)|champagne]] are consumed during a typical day at the '''[[Moulin Rouge]]''', likely making it the largest single consumer of champagne in the world? ===Kesaria Abramidze=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Kesaria Abramidze]]''', the first person in the country [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] to admit to being [[transgender]], was murdered a day after the country passed an anti-[[LGBTQ+]] [[Bill (proposed law)|bill]]? ===Ana Brnabić=== [[File:Ana Brnabić 2023.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2017, '''[[Ana Brnabić]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first woman and the first openly [[gay]] person elected as [[Prime Minister of Serbia|Serbian Prime Minister]]? ===Lee Grant=== * ... that '''[[Lee Grant]]''' is the only [[Academy Award]]-winning actor to also direct an Academy Award-winning [[documentary]]? ===Droupadi Murmu=== * ... that '''[[Droupadi Murmu]]''' is the first person born after [[India|India's]] [[Indian independence movement|independence]] in 1947 to have been [[2022 Indian presidential election|elected]] [[President of India|president]]? ===Anna Kendrick=== [[File:Anna Kendrick May 2016.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1998, '''[[Anna Kendrick]]''' ''(pictured)'' was nominated for the [[Tony Award|Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical]] at the age of 12? ===Sophie Wells=== * ... that, even though she won ten [[Paralympic Games|Paralympic]] medals in [[para-equestrian|equestrian]], '''[[Sophie Wells]]''' is [[allergy|allergic]] to horses? ===Anne Hathaway=== * ... that [[Academy Award]]-winning actress '''[[Anne Hathaway]]''' originally wanted to be a [[Catholic]] [[nun]]? ===Otis Davis=== [[File:Otis Davis (1960).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[1960 Summer Olympics|1960]], '''[[Otis Davis]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first man to break the 45-second barrier during a [[400 metres|400 m event]] at the [[Summer Olympics]]? ===Margot Robbie=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Margot Robbie]]''' was named by ''[[Forbes]]'' as the world's highest-paid actress in 2023, with earnings of $78 million? ===Nestor Makhno=== [[File:1921. Нестор Махно в лагере для перемещенных лиц в Румынии (cropped).jpg|100px|right]] *...that '''[[Nestor Makhno]]''' ''(pictured)'' fought against both the [[White Army]] and the [[Red Army]] during the [[Russian Civil War]]? ===Montgomery Bus Boycott=== *...that in 1955, [[Rosa Parks]] was [[arrest]]ed, because she did not give up a '''[[Montgomery bus boycott|seat in a public bus]]'''? ===Audrey Hepburn=== [[File:Audrey Hepburn Roman Holiday cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Audrey Hepburn]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first actress to win an [[Academy Award]], a [[Golden Globe Award]] and a [[BAFTA Award]] for the same role? ===Sir John Gielgud=== * ... that in 1991 at the age of 87, '''[[John Gielgud|Sir John Gielgud]]''' became the oldest [[List of EGOT winners|EGOT winner]] and the first [[LGBT]] person to become one? ===Rita Moreno=== [[File:Rita Moreno in 2000.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Rita Moreno]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Latin America]]n woman to win an [[Academy Award]]? ===The Crown (TV series)=== * ... that the [[Netflix]] [[Emmy Award]]-winning series '''''[[The Crown (TV series)|The Crown]]''''' is an adaptation of the [[West End theatre|West End]] stage play ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]''? === Clipperton Island === *... that '''[[Clipperton Island]]''' has a [[France|French]] [[postal code]], even though [[Desert island|no one lives there]]? ===Richard Rodgers=== [[File:Rodgers.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that American composer '''[[Richard Rodgers]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first person to win [[List of EGOT winners|an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar and a Tony Award]]? ===Parasite (2019 movie)=== * ... that the 2019 [[Korean language]] movie '''''[[Parasite (2019 movie)|Parasite]]''''' was the first non-English movie to win the [[Academy Award for Best Picture]]? === Galápagos Islands === [[File:Galapagos+map.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the '''[[Galápagos Islands]]''' ''(pictured)'' of [[Ecuador]] are famous for inspiring [[Charles Darwin]]'s theory of [[evolution]] by [[natural selection]]? ===Alex Jennings=== * ... that '''[[Alex Jennings]]''' is the only actor to have won the [[Laurence Olivier Award|Olivier Award]]s in the drama, musical and comedy categories? ===James Earl Jones=== [[File:James Earl Jones Baltimore.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1991, '''[[James Earl Jones]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first actor to win two [[Emmy Award]]s in the same year? ===Jeffrey Titford=== * ... that former [[UK Independence Party|UKIP Leader]] '''[[Jeffrey Titford]]''', who was called "the father of [[Brexit]]", was a [[funeral director]] before starting politics? ===Peter Dutton=== * ... that in 2022, [[Leader of the Opposition (Australia)|Australian Opposition Leader]] '''[[Peter Dutton]]''' became the first [[Liberal Party of Australia#Federal Parliamentary Leaders of the Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal Party Leader]] to come from [[Queensland]]? === Koala === [[File:Koala climbing tree.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the '''[[koala]]''' ''(pictured)'' sleeps up to 20 hours a [[day]] because its eucalyptus leaf [[diet]] provides little [[energy]]? ===Mahathir Mohamad=== * ... that in 2018, when '''[[Mahathir Mohamad]]''' became the [[Prime Minister of Malaysia|Malaysian Prime Minister]] again at the age of 92, he also became the world's oldest serving state leader? === Statue of Liberty === [[File:Statue of Liberty 7.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the '''[[Statue of Liberty]]''' ''(pictured)'' was a gift from [[France]] to the [[United States]] in 1886 to celebrate [[United States Declaration of Independence|100 years of independence]]? === Shark === [[File:Great white shark south africa.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that '''[[shark]]s''' ''(pictured)'' have been around for over 400 million years, long before [[dinosaur]]s appeared? ===Ny-Ålesund=== *...that the most northerly [[post office]] in the world is in '''[[Ny-Ålesund]]'''? ===Po (river)=== [[File:View of the Po from Turin.jpg|right|100px]] *...that the '''[[Po (river)|Po River]]''' ''(pictured)'' stretches through five [[Italy|Italian]] cities? ===Lightning=== *...that a bolt of '''[[lightning]]''' can reach [[temperature]]s hotter than the surface of the [[sun]]? ===George VI=== [[File:H.R.H. King George VI and Queen Elizabeth visit the Canadian Pavilion at the World's Fair (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1939, '''[[George VI]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[reign]]ing [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|British monarch]] to visit the [[United States]]? ===Lord Mountbatten=== * ... that many historians believe that in 1968, '''[[Lord Mountbatten]]''', uncle of [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Philip]], was planning a [[coup d'état]] against [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]] [[Harold Wilson]]? ===Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon=== * ... that '''[[Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon]]''' was the first member of the [[British royal family|royal family]] in direct line of succession to be born in [[Scotland]] since the 1600s? ===Diana, Princess of Wales=== [[File:Princess Diana at Accord Hospice.png|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Diana, Princess of Wales]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first [[English people|Englishwoman]] to marry the [[Heir apparent|first-in-line]] to the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|British throne]] since the 1680s? ===Slave breeding in the United States=== *...that when [[slave]] [[import]]s to the [[United States]] were not allowed at the beginning of the 19th century, slaves were '''[[Slave breeding in the United States|bred like cattle]]'''? ===Pope=== *...that the '''[[Pope]]''' cannot be an [[organ donor]]? ===Traffic light=== [[File:東日本大震災から半年後の仙台８ Six Months after The East Japan Earthquake in Sendai8 (8561424208).jpg|right|100px]] *...the '''[[traffic light|traffic lights]]''' are [[blue]] in [[Japan]] ''(pictured)'' because ''ao'' in [[Japanese language|Japanese]] means both [[green]] or blue? ===Tea=== * ... that the country that is '''[[tea|tea's]]''' biggest maker and drinker is [[India]]? ===Concert=== * ... that the [[world]]’s longest '''[[concert]]''' lasted 453 [[hour]]s? ===Rodolfo Hernández Suárez=== * ... that [[Colombia]]n businessman '''[[Rodolfo Hernández Suárez]]''' refused to pay the [[ransom]] of his daughter's kidnapping by a [[Guerrilla warfare|guerrilla group]], citing his family's safety for not paying it? ===Edward VIII=== * ... that historians believe that [[Adolf Hitler]] was ready to make '''[[Edward VIII]]''' the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|king]] again to create a [[fascist]] [[Britain|British]] [[puppet government]] after [[Operation Sea Lion]] in 1940? ===Enceladus=== [[File:PIA17202-SaturnMoon-Enceladus-ApproachingFlyby-20151028.jpg|right|100px]] *...that [[Saturn]]'s moon '''[[Enceladus (moon)|Enceladus]]''' ''(pictured)'' reflects almost all the sunlight it gets, making it the most reflective moon in the [[Solar System]]? ===Kendall Jenner=== * ... that in 2017, '''[[Kendall Jenner]]''' was named the world's highest-paid model by ''[[Forbes]]'', beating model [[Gisele Bündchen]], who had been leading the list for more than 14 years? ===Uranus=== [[File:Uranus as seen by NASA's Voyager 2 (remastered).png|right|100px]] *...that the planet '''[[Uranus]]''' ''(pictured)'' rotates 98 degrees on its side? ===Alfonso Espinosa de los Monteros=== * ... that [[Ecuador]]ian news anchor '''[[Alfonso Espinosa de los Monteros]]''' holds the [[Guinness World Records|Guinness World Record]] for "longest career as a television news broadcaster" for his 56-year-career? ===Titan (moon)=== [[File:Titan in true color.jpg|100px|right]] *...that '''[[Titan (moon)|Titan]]''' ''(pictured)'' may have forms of life in its subsurface oceans? ===Ke Huy Quan=== * ... that in 2023, '''[[Ke Huy Quan]]''', a [[refugee]] of the [[Vietnam War]], became the first [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]]-born actor to win an [[Academy Award]]? ===Peggy Flanagan=== * ... that in 2019, [[Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota]] '''[[Peggy Flanagan]]''' became the highest ranking [[Native American]] woman elected to office in the [[United States]]? ===Chicago Water Tower=== * ... that the '''[[Chicago Water Tower]]''' is the only public tower to survive the [[Great Chicago Fire]] in 1871? ===Sir Shridath Ramphal=== * ... that during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], at age 92, former [[Commonwealth Secretary-General]] '''[[Shridath Ramphal|Sir Shridath Ramphal]]''' was the first lawyer to appear virtually before the [[International Court of Justice]]? ===Broccoli=== [[File:Broccoli and cross section edit.jpg |right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[broccoli]]''' ''(pictured)'' was introduced to [[England]] and the [[United States]] between 1800 and 1900? ===Klein bottle=== *...that true '''[[Klein bottle|Klein bottles]]''' cannot be filled with a [[liquid]]? ===Orange=== [[File:OrangeBloss wb.jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[orange (fruit)|oranges]]''' ''(pictured)'' are one of the few English words that do not rhyme? ===Advance-fee scam=== *...that even though they are common today, the first '''[[advance-fee scam|advance-fee scams]]''' started in the [[18th century]]? ===Apple=== [[File:95apple.jpeg|right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[apple]]s''' ''(pictured)'' were possibly the earliest tree to be [[Farming|cultivated]]? ===Taj Mahal=== [[File:Taj Mahal, Agra, India edit3.jpg|100x100px|right]] *... that the '''[[Taj Mahal]]''' ''(pictured)'' was built by [[Mughal dynasty|Emperor]] [[Shah Jahan]] as a [[mausoleum]] for his wife [[Mumtaz Mahal]]? ===Glasgow=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Glasgow]]''' opened the [[United Kingdom|United Kingdom's]] first official [[Consumerism|consumption]] room for [[illegal drugs]] including [[heroin]] and [[cocaine]]? ===Mona Lisa=== [[File:Mona Lisa, by Leonardo da Vinci, from C2RMF retouched.jpg|100x100px|right]] *...that some believe that the '''''[[Mona Lisa]]''''' ''(pictured)'' has no [[eyebrow]]s because they were accidentally removed during a [[Conservation (art)|restoration]]? ===Photograph (Ed Sheeran song)=== * ... that in 2016, [[Ed Sheeran]] was [[lawsuit|sued]] for $20 million over his song '''"[[Photograph (Ed Sheeran song)|Photograph]]"''' because he was accused of [[copyright infringement]] by the songwriters of "[[Amazing (Matt Cardle song)|Amazing]]"? ===Cheetah=== [[File:Gepardjagt1 (Acinonyx jubatus).jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that the '''[[cheetah]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the fastest land [[animal]], capable of running at speeds up to 75 miles per hour in less than 3 seconds? ===L'Origine du monde=== *...that in 2007, [[postcard]]s showing '''[[L'Origine du monde]]''' were the second-most popular in the [[Musée d'Orsay]]? ===Jill Biden=== [[File:Jill Biden 2024 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at the age of 69, '''[[Jill Biden]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the oldest woman to serve as [[First Lady of the United States]] and the first [[Italian American]] first lady? ===Doug Emhoff=== * ... that before becoming the first [[Second Gentleman of the United States]], '''[[Doug Emhoff]]''' was an entertainment lawyer and represented [[Walmart]] and [[Merck & Co.]]? ===Kamala Harris=== * ... that after 24 hours of '''[[Kamala Harris]]''' announcing her [[Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign|presidential campaign]], she raised $81 million in small-dollar donations, the highest of any candidate in [[History of the United States|American history]]? ===Felipe VI=== [[File:Felipe VI in 2023.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Felipe VI]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Monarchy of Spain|Spanish monarch]] to receive and recognize [[LGBT]] organisations at a [[Royal Palace of El Pardo|royal palace]]? ===Silvio Santos=== * ... that '''[[Silvio Santos]]''' hosted his own [[variety show]] from 1963 until 2023 and was called the "greatest personality in the history of [[Brazil]]ian television"? ===Bajrakitiyabha=== [[File:Princess Bajrakitiyabha.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Bajrakitiyabha|Princess Bajrakitiyabha]]''' ''(pictured)'', who was thought to be the next-in-line to the [[Monarchy of Thailand|throne of Thailand]], has been in a [[coma]] since December 2022? ===Daniela Bianchi=== * ... that Italian model and [[Bond girl]] '''[[Daniela Bianchi]]''' was [[Dubbing (filmmaking)|dubbed over]] in ''[[From Russia with Love]]'' by British actress [[Barbara Jefford]] because of her "heavy" accent? === Flamingo === [[File:James's Flamingo mating ritual.jpg|100x100px|right]] *...that a group of '''[[flamingo]]s''' ''(pictured)'' is called a flamboyance? === Shrimp === *... that a '''[[shrimp]]''''s [[heart]] is in its [[head]]? === Giant Panda === [[File:Giant Panda 2004-03-2.jpg|right|100x100px]] * ... that the '''[[giant panda|giant panda's]]''' ''(pictured)'' [[diet]] is 99% [[bamboo]]? === Anglo-Zanzibar War === *... that the shortest [[war]] in history, the '''[[Anglo-Zanzibar War]]''' in 1896, lasted only 38 to 45 minutes? === Hummingbird === [[File:Purple-throated carib hummingbird feeding.jpg|100x100px|right]] *... that '''[[hummingbird]]s''' ''(pictured)'' are the only [[bird]]s that can fly backwards? ===India naming dispute=== *...that '''[[India naming dispute|the name 'India']]''' was first used by the [[Greeks]] to refer specifically to the [[Sindh|Lower Indus Valley]] in [[ancient Pakistan]]? ===Lettuce=== [[Image:Romaine lettuce.jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[lettuce]]''' ''(pictured)'' was one of the first plants brought to America by [[Christopher Columbus]]? ===Royal Air Force=== * ... that the '''[[Royal Air Force]]''' is the oldest [[air force]] in the world? ===Acid rain=== * ... that '''[[acid rain]]''' was a term first used in 1872? ===Lauren Underwood=== [[File:Lauren Underwood official portrait.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2019, at the age of 32, [[registered nurse]] '''[[Lauren Underwood]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the youngest [[African American|Black woman]] to serve in the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]]? ===Michael Keaton=== * ... that because of [[Screen Actors Guild|SAG]] rules, '''[[Michael Keaton|Michael John Douglas]]''' had to change his name by searching a phone book under "K," saw "Keaton" and decided to pick it as his [[surname]]? ===Jesse Jackson=== * ... that in 1983, [[American Civil Rights Movement|civil rights activist]] '''[[Jesse Jackson]]''' became the first [[African American]] since the [[Reconstruction era]] to address the [[Alabama Legislature]]? ===Paetongtarn Shinawatra=== * ... that in 2024, at the age of 37, '''[[Paetongtarn Shinawatra]]''' became the youngest [[Prime Minister of Thailand|prime minister]] in [[Thailand|Thailand's]] history? ===Kangaroo=== [[File:Kangur.rudy.drs.jpg |right|100x100px]] *...that a female '''[[kangaroo]]''' ''(pictured)'' has three [[vagina]]s? ===Speed dating=== * ... that almost half of the women, and about a quarter of the men participating in '''[[speed dating]]''' make their choice within 30 seconds of meeting the other person? ===Bhumibol Adulyadej=== [[File:King Bhumibol Adulyadej 2010-9-29.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at 70 years, '''[[Bhumibol Adulyadej]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the longest [[Reign|reigning]] [[Monarchy of Thailand|Thai monarch]] and the longest of an independent [[Asian]] sovereign? ===Srettha Thavisin=== * ... that at {{convert|1.92|m|ftin}} tall, former [[Prime Minister of Thailand|Thai Prime Minister]] '''[[Srettha Thavisin]]''' was the tallest leader within [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations|ASEAN]]? ===Yingluck Shinawatra=== [[File:9153ri-Yingluck Shinawatra.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2011, '''[[Yingluck Shinawatra]]''' ''(pictured)'' became [[Thailand|Thailand's]] first female [[Prime Minister of Thailand|prime minister]] and its youngest in 60 years? ===Octopus=== *...that '''[[octopus]]es''' have three [[heart]]s; two for the [[gill]]s and one for the rest of the body? ===Spaghetti=== *...that a single [[strand]] of '''[[spaghetti]]''' is called a "spaghetto"? ===Eraser=== *...that before the 1700s, people used wet [[bread]] as '''[[erasers]]'''? ===Number=== *...that no '''[[number]]''' before 1,000 contains the [[letter]] [[A]]? ===Pluto=== *...that the [[ratio]] between the [[masses]] of '''[[Pluto]]''' and its moon [[Charon]] is so great that it is sometimes called a binary system? ===Maho Beach=== [[File:747-400 City of Bangkok landing at Princess Juliana 11-27-2012b.jpg|right|110px]] * ... that '''[[Maho Beach]]''' ''(pictured)'', in [[Saint Martin|Saint Martin island]], is directly across an [[Princess Juliana International Airport|airport]] and [[Fixed-wing aircraft|airplanes]] can be about 100 feet above beach goers? ===Buenos Aires=== *... that in 2005, '''[[Buenos Aires]]''' became the first [[UNESCO]] City of Design because of the city's [[architecture]] and [[fashion design|fashion design culture]]? ===Susan Wojcicki=== * ... that former CEO of [[YouTube]] '''[[Susan Wojcicki]]''' also helped create [[Google]] when she [[Renting|rented]] her garage as an office for the company's founders in 1998? ===Christopher Plummer=== * ... that '''[[Christopher Plummer]]''' is the only [[Canadians|Canadian]] actor to have won the "[[Triple Crown of Acting]]"? ===Haumea (dwarf planet)=== [[File:Haumea rotation with ring.gif|right|100x100px]] *...that because the [[dwarf planet]] '''[[Haumea (dwarf planet)|Haumea]]''' (''pictured'') was discovered shortly after [[Christmas]], it was originally called Santa? ===Titan=== * ...that [[Saturn]]'s biggest moon '''[[Titan (moon)|Titan]]''' could possibly have a subsurface [[ocean]]? ===Venus=== [[File:Venus from Mariner 10.jpg |right|100x100px]] *...that '''[[Venus]]''' ''(pictured)'' is called Earth's evil twin because it has [[sulphuric acid]] in its [[clouds]]? ===Lavinia Fontana=== [[File:Lavinia Fontana - Autoritratto (ca. 1577-85).jpg|100px|right]] *...that '''[[Lavinia Fontana]]''' (''self-portrait shown''), a 16th century painter, may have been the first woman to paint female [[nude (art)|nudes]]? ===Strawberry=== *... that [[Botany|botanically]] speaking, [[bananas]] are berries, but '''[[Strawberry|strawberries]]''' are not? ===Blood=== *...that there are traces of [[gold]] found in '''[[blood]]''' in the human body? ===Kangaroo rat=== [[File:kangaroo-rat.jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that the [[Nocturnal animals|nocturnal]] [[rodent]] the '''[[Kangaroo rat]]''' ''(pictured)'' has more efficient [[kidney]]s than humans do? ===Tokyo=== * ... that '''[[Tokyo]]''' started as a small fishing village known as [[Edo]] in the 1400s? ===Beijing=== * ... that throughout its history, '''[[Beijing]]''' was the [[China|Chinese]] capital six times? ===Michèle George=== [[File:Michle-george-1352493767.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[equestrianism|equestrian]] '''[[Michèle George]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first winner of a gold medal in [[para-dressage]] for [[Belgium]]? ===Tim Walz=== * ... that in 2007, then-[[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Tim Walz]]''' became the highest-ranking retired [[Enlisted rank|enlisted soldier]] ever to serve in [[United States Congress|Congress]]? ===Sir Lawrence Bragg=== [[File:Wl-bragg.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at age 25, physicist '''[[Lawrence Bragg|Sir Lawrence Bragg]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the youngest person to win a [[Nobel Prize]]? ===Guinea pig=== *... that the term '''[[Guinea pig]]''' is [[slang]] for being the first to try something? ===Taylor Swift=== [[File:Taylor Swift at the Golden Globes 2024 (Enhanced, cropped) 1.jpg |right|100px]] * ... that thirteen-time [[Grammy Awards]] winner '''[[Taylor Swift]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first musician to become a [[billionaire]] based on songs and performances as their [[revenue]]? ===Pete Buttigieg=== * ... that [[United States Secretary of Transportation|U.S. Transportation Secretary]] '''[[Pete Buttigieg]]''' is the first openly [[gay]] individual and first [[millennial]] to be a member of the [[United States Cabinet|U.S. Cabinet]]? ===Berlin=== * ... that '''[[Berlin]]''' is the only city in the world that hosts three [[opera house]]s? ===Janet Yellen=== * ... that '''[[Janet Yellen]]''' is the first person in [[History of the United States|American history]] to lead the three most powerful economic bodies in the [[Federal government]]: the [[United States Department of the Treasury|Treasury Department]], the [[Federal Reserve]], and the [[Council of Economic Advisers]]? ===Hakeem Jeffries=== [[File:Rep-Hakeem-Jeffries-Official-Portrait.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Hakeem Jeffries]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[African-American]] to serve as a [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|congressional party leader]]? ===Truman Show delusion=== *... that the '''[[Truman Show delusion|''Truman Show'' delusion]]''' is named after [[The Truman Show|the movie with the same name]], because some of the first patients said it provided a good description of what the condition felt like? ===Makemake (dwarf planet)=== [[File:Makemake and its moon.jpg|right|100px]] * ...that the [[dwarf planet]] '''[[Makemake (dwarf planet)|Makemake]]''' ''(pictured)'' used to be called [[Easter Bunny]] when it was first found? ===Depression (mental illness)=== * ... several scientific studies have found a link between '''[[Depression (mental illness)|depression]]''' and [[pesticide]]s? ===Charles Darwin=== * ... that while studying at [[Christ's College, Cambridge]], '''[[Charles Darwin]]''' formed a club called "the Gourmet Club" in which he would eat [[Exotic pet|exotic animals]]? ===Rome=== * ... that at 1,500 [[fountain]]s, '''[[Rome]]''' has the most fountains of any city in the world? ===Priti Patel=== [[File:Priti Patel Official Cabinet Portrait, September 2021 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2019, '''[[Priti Patel]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[British Indians|British Indian]] to serve as [[Home Secretary]]? ===Toronto=== * ... that in 2021, 51% of '''[[Toronto]]''' residents were born outside [[Canada]] with 45% of the city's residents speaking a [[First language|first language]] other than French or English? ===Madrid=== * ... that '''[[Madrid|Madrid's]]''' name comes from the [[Arabic]] word ''magerit'', meaning “place of many [[stream]]s"? ===Joe Biden=== [[File:President Joe Biden delivers remarks from the Oval Office (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2024, '''[[Joe Biden]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[incumbent]] [[President of the United States|president]] in [[History of the United States|American history]] to [[Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election|withdraw from reelection]] since [[1968 United States presidential election|1968]]? ===Romance Scam=== *...that people lose more money to '''[[romance scam]]s''' than to other similar types of [[scam]]? ===Rachel Reeves=== * ... that in 2024, '''[[Rachel Reeves]]''' became the first female [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]]? ===Deb Haaland=== [[File:Deb Haaland official portrait, 116th congress 2 (1).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 2021, [[United States Secretary of the Interior|Interior Secretary]] '''[[Deb Haaland]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first [[Native American]] [[Cabinet of the United States|Cabinet secretary]] in [[History of the United States|U.S. history]]? ===Amsterdam=== * ... that '''[[Amsterdam]]''' sits at two meters below [[sea level]] and is built on soft [[peat]] and [[clay]] in order to stay above water? ===Rio de Janeiro=== * ... that '''[[Rio de Janeiro]]''' is named for a river that does not exist after [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] [[explorer]]s mistook an [[Bay|oceanic bay]] for a river? ===Sexual slavery=== *...that estimates of the number of '''[[sexual slavery|sex slaves]]''' in 2001 varied between 400,000 and 1.75 million? ===Potsdam=== * ... that '''[[Potsdam]]''' was intended as "a picturesque, [[Pasture|pastoral]] dream" which would remind its people of their relationship with [[nature]] and reason? ===Myriam Spiteri Debono=== * ... that [[President of Malta]] '''[[Myriam Spiteri Debono]]''' is a [[technophobia|technophobe]] and uses her husband's [[email]] account for official duties? ===Cheng Pei-pei=== [[File:Cheng Pei Pei (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Chinese people|Chinese]] actress '''[[Cheng Pei-pei]]''' ''(pictured)'', who was nicknamed the "Queen of [[Kung-fu|Kung Fu]]", was thought to be cinema's first female [[Action movie|action]] hero? ===We Didn't Start the Fire (Fall Out Boy song)=== * ... that the 2023 song '''"[[We Didn't Start the Fire (Fall Out Boy song)|We Didn't Start the Fire]]"''', which covers popular events from 1989 to 2023, did not mention the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] because it could not [[rhyme]] with ''[[Bush v. Gore]]''? ===JD Vance=== * ... that [[Vice President of the United States]] '''[[JD Vance]]''' is the first [[millennial]] to be on a presidential ticket of a major party in the [[United States]]? ===Sir Keir Starmer=== [[File:Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer Official Portrait (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that the [[Cabinet of the United Kingdom|cabinet]] of [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]] '''[[Keir Starmer|Sir Keir Starmer]]''' ''(pictured)'' has the most female ministers in the [[United Kingdom|country's]] history? ===Stanford prison experiment=== <!--[[File:SPE1971-prisoner-breaks-down.jpg|100px|right]]--> *...that the '''[[Stanford prison experiment]]''' was stopped after six days, because guards had started to [[torture]] prisoners? ===Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania=== * ... that within one day of [[Donald Trump|Donald Trump's]] '''[[Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania|attempted assassination]]''' in [[Pennsylvania]], [[Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign|his campaign]] raised over $2 million for his supporters who were hurt or killed in the shooting? ===Dennis Skinner=== * ... that '''[[Dennis Skinner]]''' was [[:wikt:suspension|suspended]] from the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|British Parliament]] at least ten times for calling members inappropriate names including former [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] [[David Cameron]]? ===Phoenix, Arizona=== * ... that '''[[Phoenix, Arizona]]''' is the most populated [[state capital]] of the [[United States]]? ===Masoud Pezeshkian=== [[File:Masoud Pezeshkian, 2024-6-12 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that before entering politics, [[President of Iran]] '''[[Masoud Pezeshkian]]''' ''(pictured)'' was a heart [[surgeon]]? ===Enumclaw horse sex case=== * … that one of the most read articles of ''[[The Seattle Times]]'' in 2005 was about a man who died after '''[[Enumclaw horse sex case|having sex with a horse]]'''? ===Steven Chu=== * ... that former [[United States Secretary of Energy|U.S. Secretary of Energy]] '''[[Steven Chu]]''' became the first [[Nobel Prize]] winner to have a position in the [[United States Cabinet|U.S. Cabinet]] in 2009? ===Robert Pickton=== * ... that [[serial killer]] '''[[Robert Pickton]]''' told an [[Covert operation|undercover officer]] that he killed 49 people and wished he killed one more to make it an "even fifty"? ===Blanche Lincoln=== [[File:Blanche Lincoln, 2007.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at the age of 38, '''[[Blanche Lincoln]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the youngest woman ever elected to the [[United States Senate]]? ===Devil=== * ... that in the [[Koran]], the '''[[Devil]]''' often appears as an animal and tries to get people to do the wrong thing? ===Anti-tobacco movement in Nazi Germany=== *...that when they found a link between [[smoking]] and [[lung cancer]] in 1940, the [[Nazi]]s created the '''[[Anti-tobacco movement in Nazi Germany|first anti-smoking campaign]]''' in modern history? ===Gregory Peck=== * ... that [[Academy Award]]-winning actor '''[[Gregory Peck]]''' said that he was almost offered the [[ambassador|ambassadorship]] to [[Ireland]] by President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]? ===Gabriel García Márquez=== [[File:Gabriel Garcia Marquez2 (2009).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Colombia]]n [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] winner '''[[Gabriel García Márquez]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the most-[[translation|translated]] Spanish-language author? ===Dixy Lee Ray=== * ... that '''[[Dixy Lee Ray]]''', the first female [[Governor of Washington]], was also the youngest girl to [[summit]] [[Mount Rainier]]? === India === *...that the name '''[[India]]''' comes from the [[Indus River]], which is located mostly in [[Pakistan]] and is the [[National symbols of Pakistan|national river]] of the country? ===Claudia Sheinbaum=== * ... that [[President of Mexico|President-elect of Mexico]] '''[[Claudia Sheinbaum]]''' was a member of the [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]] when they won a [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in 2007? ===Katherine Johnson=== [[File:NASA human computers - Katherine Coleman Goble Johnson.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Katherine Johnson]]''' ''(pictured)'' was called one of the first [[African-American]] women to work as a [[NASA]] scientist? ===Buzz Aldrin=== * ... that when '''[[Buzz Aldrin]]''' walked on the [[Moon]] during the [[Apollo 11]] mission, he took [[Eucharist|communion]] and became the first and only person to hold a religious ceremony on the Moon? ===Françoise Hardy=== [[File:FrancoiseHardy-1967-Venise-ReportagePhoto.png|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Françoise Hardy]]''' ''(pictured)'', a popular singer of the [[Yé-yé]] style of music, was also an [[astrology|astrologist]] and wrote books about it? ===Mason–Dixon line=== *...that [[surveyor]]s were hired to fix the border between [[Maryland]] and [[Pennsylvania]], after people had become tired of the '''[[Mason–Dixon line|violence between the two colonies]]'''? ===Ronald Reagan=== * ... that after [[Korean Air Lines Flight 007]] was shot down in 1983, [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[Ronald Reagan]]''' announced that the American military's [[GPS]] would be allowed for [[civilian]] use? ===Seven Nation Army=== * ... that when [[Jack White]] created the [[riff]] for '''"[[Seven Nation Army]]"''', he wanted it used for a [[James Bond]] theme, however he decided to make it into a separate song because he thought that would never happen? ===John Quincy Adams=== * ... that [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] '''[[John Quincy Adams]]''', who led the fight against [[slavery]] in [[United States Congress|Congress]], was fluent in [[Latin]] and [[French language|French]]? ===Carl Sagan=== [[File:Carl Sagan Planetary Society cropped.png|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Carl Sagan]]''' ''(pictured)'' said that smoking [[cannabis]] helped him in writing his books? ===Vegetable=== * ... that in 1893 the [[United States Supreme Court]] declared that the [[fruit]] [[Tomato]] is a '''[[vegetable]]''' for [[taxation]] purposes? ===Adolf Hitler=== * ... that according to historians, '''[[Adolf Hitler]]''' had only one [[testicle]]? ===Ebrahim Raisi=== * ... that former [[President of Iran|President]] '''[[Ebrahim Raisi]]''' was nicknamed "the Butcher of [[Tehran]]" for his role on the "death committee" during the [[1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners|1988 mass executions]] of [[Iranian people|Iranian]] [[political prisoners]]? ===Solovey (Go_A song)=== * ... that "'''[[Solovey (Go A song)|Solovey]]'''" was the first song in the history of [[Eurovision Song Contest|Eurovision]] to be fully in the [[Ukrainian language]]? ===Jamie Lee Curtis=== [[File:Jamie Lee Curtis (28770868877) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[Academy Award]]-winning actress '''[[Jamie Lee Curtis]]''' ''(pictured)'' did not want to be called Baroness [[Christopher Guest|Haden-Guest]] because she said the title has nothing to do with her? ===Murder of Linda Andersen=== *...that '''[[Murder of Linda Andersen|two girls who killed their mother]]''' when they were [[teenager]]s successfully studied at [[university]], after serving their sentence; one became a [[lawyer]] and the other a [[scientist]]? ===William Shockley=== * ... that [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] winning physicist '''[[William Shockley]]''' ran for the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] in 1982 because of the "[[Dysgenics|dysgenic threat]]" he believed [[African Americans|African-Americans]] created? ===Giorgia Meloni=== [[File:Giorgia Meloni Official 2022 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Giorgia Meloni]]''' ''(pictured)'', who was elected in [[2022 Italian general election|2022]], is [[Italy|Italy's]] first female [[Prime Minister of Italy|prime minister]]? ===Marianne Wiggins=== * ... that when Muslims were ordered to kill [[Salman Rushdie]], his wife '''[[Marianne Wiggins]]''' also started hiding, even though she told him five days earlier that she did not want to be married to him anymore? ===Dick Van Dyke=== [[File:Dick Van Dyke by Gage Skidmore.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that at age 98, '''[[Dick Van Dyke]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the oldest person to be nominated and win a [[Daytime Emmy Award]]? ===Andrew Johnson=== * ... that a proposal to [[impeachment|impeach]] [[President of the United States]] '''[[Andrew Johnson]]''' in 1868 failed by one vote? ===Russia=== * ... that '''[[Russia]]''' got its name from a [[Medieval Latin]] name for the [[Kievan Rus']]? ===Cynisca=== *...that even though [[women]] were forbidden from attending the [[Ancient Olympic Games]], [[Sparta]]n [[princess]] '''[[Cynisca]]''' won them twice? ===Nude recreation=== *...that when a [[museum]] in [[Vienna]] offered a '''[[nude recreation|naked museum tour]]''' of a [[controversial]] [[exhibition]] called ''Nude Men'' in February 2013, more than 60 people attended that tour? ===Dishwasher=== *...that a [[socialite]] who was worried that her dishes would break while they were being washed came up with a successful design of a '''[[dishwasher]]''' in the late 19th century? ===Pete McCloskey=== * ... that in 1967, [[Purple Heart]] [[Korean War]] veteran '''[[Pete McCloskey]]''' won against child actress [[Shirley Temple]] in a [[special election]] for the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]? ===Simon Harris=== * ... that at age 37, '''[[Simon Harris]]''' is the youngest person to become [[Ireland|Ireland's]] [[Taoiseach]]? ===Mary Peltola=== [[File:Mary Peltola celebrating reeelection (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] '''[[Mary Peltola]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first [[Alaska Natives|Alaskan Native]] member of [[United States Congress|congress]]? ===Ima Keithel=== * ... that '''[[Ima Keithel]]''' is a [[market]] in [[Manipur]] that is the only one run by women alone? ===Pubic hair=== *... that four out of five women, and about half of the men in the [[United States]] trim or remove their '''[[pubic hair]]'''? ===Olaf Scholz=== * ... that '''[[Olaf Scholz]]''' is the first [[Chancellor of Germany|Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany]] to not be a member of the [[Protestant Church in Germany|Protestant Church]]? ===Ursula von der Leyen=== * ... that when she was elected in 2019, '''[[Ursula von der Leyen]]''' became the first female [[President of the European Commission]]? ===Dance the Night=== * ... that [[Mark Ronson]] wrote a song for the [[Rehearsal|dance rehearsals]] of the movie ''[[Barbie (movie)|Barbie]]'' which later became "'''[[Dance the Night]]'''"? ===Gottfried Böhm=== [[File:Gottfried Böhm 2015.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1986, '''[[Gottfried Böhm]]''' ''(pictured)'' was the first [[German people|German]] [[architect]] to win a [[Pritzker Prize]]? ===Sahara=== * ... that in the last hundred years, the '''[[Sahara]]''' has grown by about ten percent because of [[desertification]]? ===José Andrés=== * ... that chef and [[humanitarianism|humanitarian]] '''[[José Andrés]]''' is said to have made [[Tapas|small plates dining]] popular in the [[United States]]? ===Red Sea crisis=== * ... that the first event in the history of [[space warfare]] occurred during the '''[[Red Sea crisis]]'''? ===Trina Robbins=== [[File:Trina Robbins 2010 (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in 1970, cartoonist '''[[Trina Robbins]]''' ''(pictured)'' helped create the first [[comic book]] entirely produced by women? ===Sultan bin Salman Al Saud=== * ... that '''[[Sultan bin Salman Al Saud]]''', the son of [[Salman of Saudi Arabia|Saudi King Salman]], is the first member of a royal family to fly in [[outer space|space]] as well as the first Arab and the first [[Muslim]] to do so? === Ostrich === *... that '''[[ostrich]]es''' have the biggest eyes among all [[terrestrial animals]]? === Names of Pakistan === [[File:British Indian Empire 1909 Imperial Gazetteer of India.jpg|100x100px|right]] *... that the '''[[Names of Pakistan|name of modern Pakistan]]''' ''(pictured)'' is an [[acronym]] derived from the five regions of the [[British Raj]]: [[Punjab (Pakistan)|''P''unjab]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|''A''fghania]], [[Kashmir|''K''ashmir]], [[Sindh|''S''indh]], and [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Baluchis''tan'']]? === Akkadian Empire === [[File:Empire akkad.svg|100x100px|right]] *... that the '''[[Akkad|Akkadian Empire]]''' ''(pictured)'' of [[Mesopotamia]] is the oldest known [[empire]] in history? ===Houston=== * ... that after [[New York City]], '''[[Houston]]''' has the most [[Fortune 500|''Fortune'' 500]] headquarters of any [[United States|American]] city within its city limits? === Total Eclipse of the Heart === * ... that leading up to the [[solar eclipse of August 21, 2017]], the [[streaming media|streams]] for [[Bonnie Tyler]]'s 1983 single '''"[[Total Eclipse of the Heart]]"''' went up 827% globally? === Ancient Pakistan === [[File:Indus script.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the oldest recorded name of '''[[Ancient Pakistan]]''' ''(pictured)'' is Meluhha, the [[Sumer]]ian name for the [[Indus Valley Civilization|Indus Valley]]? ===Charles Michel=== * ... that when '''[[Charles Michel]]''' became the [[Prime Minister of Belgium]] in 2014, he was the youngest Belgian prime minister in 173 years? ===Jörn Donner=== [[File:Jörn Donner in 2014 06.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that director '''[[Jörn Donner]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first and, to date, only person from [[Finland]] to win an [[Academy Award]]? ===Katie Britt=== * ... that [[Alabama]] [[United States Senator|U.S. Senator]] '''[[Katie Britt]]''' was [[criticism|criticized]] for giving her [[response to the State of the Union address|response]] to the [[State of the Union address]] from her [[kitchen]]? ===Gandhara=== *... that the region of '''[[Gandhara]]''' in [[Pakistan]] is the second holy land of [[Buddhism]], the first being [[Magadha]] in [[Nepal]] and [[India]]? ===Olivia Rodrigo=== [[File:Olivia Rodrigo @ Theatre at Ace Hotel 10 09 2023 (53423735984).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that '''[[Olivia Rodrigo]]''' ''(pictured)'' is the first artist to have their first two releases in the top 10 on [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]]? ===Lyndon B. Johnson=== * ... that at age 42, '''[[Lyndon B. Johnson]]''' was the youngest [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|leader]] of the [[United States Senate]] in [[American history]]? ===Kristi Noem=== [[File:Noem Portrait (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that when '''[[Kristi Noem]]''' ''(pictured)'' was a [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]], she took online college classes and received [[internship|intern credits]] because she was a congresswoman? ===Marianne Williamson=== * ... that before running for [[President of the United States]] in [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]] and [[2024 United States presidential election|2024]], '''[[Marianne Williamson]]''' was a [[The New York Times Best Seller list|''New York Times'' best selling]] [[spirituality|spiritual writer]] and was nicknamed "[[Oprah Winfrey|Oprah's]] spiritual advisor"? ===Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine=== * ... that even though '''[[Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine|Belarus helped Russia]]''' with [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|their invasion of Ukraine]], [[President of Belarus|President]] [[Alexander Lukashenko]] said that there is "no way" [[Belarus|Belarusian]] soldiers will attack [[Ukraine]]? ===J. Robert Oppenheimer=== * ... that in 2022, '''[[J. Robert Oppenheimer|J. Robert Oppenheimer's]]''' [[security clearance]] was given back to him, 68 years after it was controversially removed during the [[Red scare|Second Red scare]]? ===Chicago River=== [[File:The Chicago River turns green for St. Patrick's Day. 2018 (26997623508).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that the tradition of [[dye|dyeing]] the '''[[Chicago River]]''' green ''(pictured)'' for [[Saint Patrick's Day]] started by accident in 1961 when plumbers accidentally spilled [[fluorescein]] into the river? ===Functional illiteracy=== *...that 14% of the [[adult]]s living in the [[United States]] have problems in their everyday life, because they cannot '''[[functional illiteracy|read and write well enough]]'''? ===Kirby's Dream Course=== *...that '''''[[Kirby's Dream Course]]''''' was not originally going to be a ''[[Kirby (series)|Kirby]]'' game, and the version without Kirby was later released on the [[Satellaview]]? ===Harvard University=== * ... that eight [[Presidents of the United States]] have [[graduated]] from '''[[Harvard University]]'''? ===Japanese spider crab=== *... that the '''[[Japanese spider crab]]''' has the largest leg span among any [[arthropod]] in the world? ===Toby Fox=== *...that '''[[Toby Fox|Toby Fox's]]''' first important work was a [[Halloween]] version of ''[[EarthBound]]''? ===The Godfather=== * ... that '''''[[The Godfather]]''''' made over $100 million in the [[box office]] 18 weeks after its release in 1972, making it the fastest movie to reach that number? ===Abortion in France=== *...that '''[[abortion in France]]''' was protected in the French [[constitution]] in March 2024, making France the only country to have abortion as a constitutional right? ===O'Hare station train crash=== [[File:OHare Airport L crash, March 2014.jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in March 2014, a [[Chicago]] [[Blue Line (CTA)|subway train]] '''[[O'Hare station train crash|crashed]]''' ''(pictured)'' at the [[O'Hare International Airport]] because the conductor fell asleep while operating? ===Paracetamol=== *...that '''[[Paracetamol]]''' ''(acetaminophen)'' is the main cause of [[liver failure]] in the [[United States]] and [[Great Britain]]? ===Mario Party 8=== * ... that '''''[[Mario Party 8]]''''' was removed from stores in the [[United Kingdom]] after a [[slur]] was found in the game? ===Eswatini=== * ... that Swaziland changed their name to '''[[Eswatini]]''' because the old name sounded too similar to [[Switzerland]]? ===Alejandro Mayorkas=== * ... that [[United States Secretary of Homeland Security|U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security]] '''[[Alejandro Mayorkas]]''' is the first [[United States Cabinet]] member to be [[impeachment|impeached]] since 1876? ===Kuwaiti dinar=== *... that the '''[[Kuwaiti dinar]]''' is the most valuable [[currency]] in the world? ===Carnivorous plant=== *... that different [[plant]]s developed the '''[[carnivorous plant|ability to catch and trap insects]]''' at least six times? ===Super Bowl LVIII=== * ... that '''[[Super Bowl LVIII]]''' is the most watched [[United States]] broadcast since the [[Apollo 11]] moon landing? ===Liverpool Women's Hospital bombing=== * ...that the [[taxi]] driver in the '''[[Liverpool Women's Hospital bombing]]''' was called a [[hero]] for locking the [[terrorist]] inside of his taxi? ===Acoustic Kitty=== *...that in the 1960s, the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] fitted [[cat]]s to '''[[Acoustic Kitty|act as spies]]'''? ===The Typewriter=== *...that in the 1950s, [[Leroy Anderson]] composed '''[[The Typewriter|a piece of music]]''' for the [[typewriter]] and [[orchestra]]? ===Pesse canoe=== [[File:Boomstamkano van Pesse, Drents Museum, 1955-VIII-2.jpg|right|100px]] *... that the '''[[Pesse canoe]]''' ''(pictured)'', a [[Dugout canoe|dugout]] dating back to between 7500 and 8000 [[BCE]], may be one of the world's oldest [[boat]]s? === Medieval philosophy === *... that '''[[Medieval philosophy]]''' began in the historic city of [[Baghdad]], now the capital of [[Iraq]], in the [[8th century]]? ===Poultry=== *... that '''[[Poultry]]''' is the second most eaten type of [[meat]] after [[pork]]? ===In Guezzam=== *...that in '''[[In Guezzam]]''' less than four out of ten people [[literacy|can read or write]]? ===Suriname=== *...that in '''[[Suriname]]''' most people who cannot read or write are women? === Masjid al-Haram === [[File:Great Mosque of Mecca.jpg|right|100x100px]] *... that the '''[[Masjid al-Haram]]''' ''(pictured)'' in [[Makkah]], [[Saudi Arabia]] is the largest [[mosque]] in the world and is also the most expensive building on [[Earth]]? ===2024 Ecuadorian conflict=== * ... that in January 2024, several armed gang members '''[[2024 Ecuadorian conflict|stormed a television studio]]''' in [[Guayaquil]], [[Ecuador]] while it was broadcasting live? ===Meat-Shaped Stone=== [[File:Meat-Shaped Stone Gathering of Treasures 1.jpg|right|100x100px]] *...that the '''''[[Meat-Shaped Stone]]''''' ''(pictured)'' is one of the Three Treasures of the [[National Palace Museum]] in [[Taiwan]]? ===25 or 6 to 4=== * ... that the [[Chicago (band)|Chicago]] song "'''[[25 or 6 to 4]]'''" was banned in [[Singapore]] from 1970 to 1993 because the country thought the song was about drugs? ===Madison Marsh=== [[File:Active Duty Miss America (4) (cropped).jpg|right|100px]] * ... that in [[Miss America 2024|2024]], [[Second_lieutenant#United_States|second lieutenant]] '''[[Madison Marsh]]''' ''(pictured)'' became the first member of the [[United States Armed Forces|U.S. Armed Forces]] to win the [[Miss America|Miss America title]]? ===Postpartum depression=== * ... that '''[[postpartum depression]]''' affects more women living in [[Human Development Index|low and middle income countries]] than those living in high income countries? ===Trump International Hotel and Tower=== * ... that because of [[Donald Trump]] adding a large sign with his name on the '''[[Trump International Hotel and Tower]]''', [[Chicago]] considered changing its rules for future sign-building on its skyscrapers? ===875 North Michigan Avenue=== * ... that '''[[875 North Michigan Avenue]]''' in [[Chicago]] has the highest indoor swimming pool in the [[United States]]? ===iPhone 6=== [[File:IPhone 6 bottom.png|right|100px]] * ... that over ten million '''[[iPhone 6]]''' ''(pictured)'' were sold in the first week of its release in 2014, making it one of best-selling [[touchscreen]] phones of all time? ===Moscow=== * ... that '''[[Moscow]]''' is the largest city by [[land area]] on the [[Europe|European continent]]? ===Pineapple=== * ... that '''[[pineapple]]s''' can take two or three years to grow? ce0t9521j789dduz2shf1q2aursxjc5 0 135702 10368424 10291286 2025-07-02T22:59:26Z LatestClash 1610566 /* Certifications */ 10368424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Hot n Cold | cover = | alt = | type = | artist = [[Katy Perry]] | album = [[One of the Boys (Katy Perry album)|One of the Boys]] | EP = | written = | published = | released = September 30, 2008 | format = | recorded = 2007–08 | studio = | venue = | genre = {{hlist|[[Dance-pop]]|[[electronic rock]]}} | length = 3:40 | label = [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] | writer = {{hlist|Katy Perry|Lukasz Gottwald|[[Max Martin]]}} | composer = | lyricist = | producer = Dr. Luke | chronology = [[Katy Perry]] singles | prev_title = [[I Kissed a Girl]] | prev_year = 2008 | title = | next_title = Thinking of You | next_year = 2009 | misc = {{External music video|{{YouTube|X75mry1LcFg|"Hot N Cold"}}}} }} "'''Hot N Cold'''" is a [[single (music)|single]] by [[pop music|pop]] [[singer]] [[Katy Perry]]. The [[song]] is from the [[album]] ''[[One of the Boys]]''. The single was released on September 30, 2008. The song reached number one in Canada, Denmark, Norway, Finland, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, and Belgium (Wallonia).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Katy+Perry&titel=Hot+N+Cold&cat=s|title=australian-charts.com - Katy Perry - Hot N Cold|last=Hung|first=Steffen|website=australian-charts.com|access-date=2018-02-26}}</ref> It climbed to the top three in the US and the top five in the UK, Australia, and New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/search/singles/hot-n-cold/|title=hot n cold {{!}} full Official Chart History {{!}} Official Charts Company|language=en|access-date=2018-02-26}}</ref> == Background == "Hot n Cold" was written by Katy Perry, Dr. Luke, and Max Martin, and produced by Dr. Luke and [[Benny Blanco]]. It was recorded in December 2007 at studios in [[New York City]] and [[Hollywood]], and mixed in [[Virginia Beach, Virginia|Virginia Beach]].<ref name=OOTBnotes>{{cite AV media notes |title=One of the Boys |title-link=One of the Boys (Katy Perry album) |author=[[Katy Perry]] |year=2008 |type=liner notes |publisher=[[Capitol Records]] |location=[[United States]]}}</ref> Capitol Records set up Perry’s collaboration with Dr. Luke because they wanted more hit songs for her album ''One of the Boys''. Together, they wrote both "[[I Kissed a Girl]]" and "Hot n Cold."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-07-13|title=A&R, Record Label / Company, Music Publishing, Artist Manager and Music Industry Directory|url=http://www.hitquarters.com/index.php3?page=intrview/opar/intrview_AnokuteCorrection.html|access-date=2025-05-04|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2014-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713071228/http://www.hitquarters.com/index.php3?page=intrview/opar/intrview_AnokuteCorrection.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> At first, "Hot n Cold" was considered as the album's lead single, but they chose "I Kissed a Girl" instead.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-12-29|title=Katy Perry Exclusive Interview {{!}} The Star Scoop|url=http://www.thestarscoop.com/music/katy-perry-exclusive-interview/|access-date=2025-05-04|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2017-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229130819/http://www.thestarscoop.com/music/katy-perry-exclusive-interview/|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> == Music video == The video starts with Katy Perry at a wedding, about to marry her shy fiancé Alexander. She says her vows, but Alexander hesitates, making everyone nervous. Frustrated, Perry starts singing as the guests dance. Alexander runs away, and Perry chases him in a playful cat-and-mouse game. She finds him in a warehouse, where he's forced to crowd-surf while Perry performs. He escapes, only to be surrounded by Perry and a group of brides with baseball bats. As he runs, he sees Perry everywhere—even on his phone. Finally, he's trapped by Perry, her dancers, and the brides. Just as things get intense, he blinks and finds himself back at the altar, realizing it was all a daydream. This time, he says "I do," and the crowd cheers as Perry happily runs down the aisle with him. Perry's friends and parents appear in the video, which was filmed in [[Los Angeles]] in September 2008 and released on October 1, 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-02-04|title="All Access:" Katy Perry - CBS News|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/all-access-katy-perry/|access-date=2025-05-04|website=www.cbsnews.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-09-10|title=Jadyn Maria Interview - Recording & Touring with Ne-Yo|url=http://www.singeruniverse.com/jadynmaria123.htm|access-date=2025-05-04|website=Singeruniverse|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-09-16|title=Katy Perry - Hot N Cold (Music Video) » Music Video Cast|url=http://www.musicvideocast.com/katy-perry-hot-n-cold.html|access-date=2025-05-04|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2014-09-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140916124755/http://www.musicvideocast.com/katy-perry-hot-n-cold.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Directed by [[Alan Ferguson]], it was praised for being fun and colorful and has over 1 billion views on YouTube as of November 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-05-07|title=The Complete Guide to Katy Perry's Music Videos Pictures - 'Hot n Cold' 2008 {{!}} Rolling Stone|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/pictures/the-complete-guide-to-katy-perrys-music-videos-20110622/hot-n-cold-2008-0914113|access-date=2025-05-04|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2014-05-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140507191700/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/pictures/the-complete-guide-to-katy-perrys-music-videos-20110622/hot-n-cold-2008-0914113|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Katy Perry - Hot N Cold|url=https://www.capitalfm.com/artists/katy-perry/videos/katy-perry-hot-n-cold/|access-date=2025-05-04|website=Capital|language=en}}</ref> == Reception == Alex Fletcher from ''[[Digital Spy]]'' gave the song 3 out of 5 stars, saying it doesn’t quite live up to the hype but has some charm.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-10-26|title=Katy Perry: 'Hot N Cold'|url=https://www.digitalspy.com/music/single-reviews/a133632/katy-perry-hot-n-cold-133632/|access-date=2025-05-04|website=Digital Spy|language=en-GB}}</ref> Darren Harvey from ''[[musicOMH]]'' called it an '80s-style pop song, while ''[[ChartAttack]]'' described it as energetic dance-pop.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Harvey|first=Darren|date=2008-09-14|title=Katy Perry - One Of The Boys {{!}} Album Reviews|url=https://www.musicomh.com/reviews/albums/katy-perry-one-of-the-boys|access-date=2025-05-04|website=musicOMH|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-06-20|title=Katy Perry — One Of The Boys {{!}} Chart Attack|url=http://www.chartattack.com/news/2008/07/08/katy-perry/|access-date=2025-05-04|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2015-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150620010857/http://www.chartattack.com/news/2008/07/08/katy-perry/|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> On the other hand, Sal Cinquemani from ''[[Slant Magazine]]'' criticized it for sounding mildly sexist.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cinquemani|first=Sal|date=2008-06-15|title=Review: Katy Perry, One of the Boys|url=https://www.slantmagazine.com/music/katy-perry-one-of-the-boys/|access-date=2025-05-04|website=Slant Magazine|language=en-US}}</ref> Jon Caramanica from ''[[The New York Times]]'' said it lacks the passion of similar songs, and Lizzie Ennever from the ''[[BBC]]'' felt it wasn’t the best choice for a single.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Times|first=The New York|date=2008-06-16|title=New CDs|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/16/arts/music/16choi.html?_r=0|access-date=2025-05-04|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ennever|first=Lizzie|title=BBC - Music - Review of Katy Perry - One Of The Boys|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/dv25/|access-date=2025-05-04|website=www.bbc.co.uk|language=en-GB}}</ref> ''The Guardian'' noted it didn’t capture public attention like "I Kissed a Girl." Despite mixed reviews, the song was nominated for a Grammy but lost to Beyoncé’s "Halo."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-12-03|title=Complete List of Nominees for the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards|url=https://www.eonline.com/news/156188/complete-list-of-nominees-for-the-52nd-annual-grammy-awards|access-date=2025-05-04|website=E! Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=52 Annual Grammy Awards winners: A complete list|language=en|work=HitFix|url=http://www.hitfix.com/articles/52-annual-grammy-awards-winners-a-complete-list|access-date=2025-05-04}}</ref> == Usage in media == Katy Perry filmed a version of the song with [[Elmo]] from ''[[Sesame Street]]'' to teach kids about opposites. It was supposed to air on December 31, 2010, but the video caused controversy because of Perry’s revealing outfit. Before it aired, ''Sesame Street'' decided to cancel the segment, saying it wouldn’t be shown on TV but could still be watched on [[YouTube]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-09-23|title=Katy Perry Too Hot for "Sesame Street"? - CBS News|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/katy-perry-too-hot-for-sesame-street/|access-date=2025-05-04|website=www.cbsnews.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Later, Perry joked about the situation on ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' by wearing a low-cut Elmo-themed shirt during a skit.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Katy mocks Sesame Street ban|url=https://www.capitalfm.com/artists/katy-perry/videos/hot-n-cold-sesame-street/|access-date=2025-05-04|website=Capital|language=en}}</ref> == Track listing == '''CD Single'''<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 17, 2008|title=Katy Perry – Hot N Cold (Remixes) (2009, Cardsleeve, CD)|url=https://www.discogs.com/Katy-Perry-Hot-N-Cold-Remixes/release/1835631|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303024117/https://www.discogs.com/Katy-Perry-Hot-N-Cold-Remixes/release/1835631|archive-date=March 3, 2020|access-date=January 2, 2020|publisher=[[Discogs]]}}</ref> # "Hot n Cold" (Album Version) – 3:40 # "Hot n Cold" (Instrumental) – 3:40 # "Hot n Cold" (A Cappella) – 3:34 # "Hot n Cold" (Rock Mix) – 3:41 # "Hot n Cold" (Innerpartysystem Remix) – 4:40 # "Hot n Cold" (Bimbo Jones Radio Edit) – 3:50 # "Hot n Cold" (Manhattan Clique Radio Edit) – 3:54 # "Hot n Cold" (Jason Nevins Radio Edit) – 3:57 == Remixes == {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} '''[[Almighty Records|Almighty]] Mixes'''<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.discogs.com/Katy-Perry-vs-Almighty-Cover-Girlz-Hot-N-Cold/release/1434557|title = Katy Perry vs Almighty Cover Girlz – Hot N' Cold (2008, CDR)|publisher = [[Discogs]]|access-date = January 2, 2020|archive-date = March 30, 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200330133712/https://www.discogs.com/Katy-Perry-vs-Almighty-Cover-Girlz-Hot-N-Cold/release/1434557|url-status = live}}</ref> * "Hot n Cold" (Almighty 12" Anthem Mix) – 8:00 * "Hot n Cold" (Almighty 12" Anthem Instrumental) – 8:00 * "Hot n Cold" (Almighty 12" Anthem Dub) – 7:14 * "Hot n Cold" (Almighty Anthem Radio Edit) – 4:01 '''Bimbo Jones Mixes'''<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.discogs.com/Katy-Perry-Hot-N-Cold/release/1843578|title = Katy Perry – Hot N Cold (2008, CDR)|publisher = [[Discogs]]|access-date = January 2, 2020|archive-date = March 8, 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200308012727/https://www.discogs.com/Katy-Perry-Hot-N-Cold/release/1843578|url-status = live}}</ref> * "Hot n Cold" (Bimbo Jones Club Mix) – 8:02 * "Hot n Cold" (Bimbo Jones Instrumental) – 8:10 * "Hot n Cold" (Bimbo Jones Radio Edit) – 3:50 ;[[Manhattan Clique]] Mixes * "Hot n Cold" (Manhattan Clique Extended Club Mix) – 4:40 * "Hot n Cold" (Manhattan Clique Radio Edit) – 3:54 {{col-2}} '''[[Jason Nevins]] Mixes''' * "Hot n Cold" (Jason Nevins Club Mix) – 7:21 * "Hot n Cold" (Jason Nevins Radio Edit) – 3:57 ;[[Dr. Luke]] Mix * "Hot n Cold" (Rock Mix) – 3:41 ;[[Innerpartysystem]] Mix * "Hot n Cold" (Innerpartysystem Remix) – 4:40 ;[[Marsheaux]] Mix<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.discogs.com/Katy-Perry-Hot-N-Cold/release/1858395|title = Katy Perry – Hot N Cold (2009, CDR)|publisher = [[Discogs]]|access-date = January 2, 2020|archive-date = March 8, 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200308012753/https://www.discogs.com/Katy-Perry-Hot-N-Cold/release/1858395|url-status = live}}</ref> * "Hot n Cold" (Marsheaux Remix) – 4:23 '''[[Yelle]] Mix''' * "Hot n Cold" (Yelle Remix) – 4:07 {{col-end}} == Credits and personnel == Credits adapted from <nowiki>''One of the Boys''</nowiki> album liner notes.<ref name="OOTBnotes" /> {{div col}} * [[Katy Perry]] – [[Singing|vocals]], [[songwriter]] * [[Dr. Luke]] – [[Record producer|producer]], songwriter, [[programming (music)|programmer]], [[Bass (instrument)|bass]], [[drums]], [[guitars|guitar]] * [[Max Martin]] – songwriter, guitars * [[Benny Blanco]] – producer, programmer, drums * [[Steven Wolf]] – programming * [[Serban Ghenea|Şerban Ghenea]] – [[audio mixing (recorded music)|mixing]] * John Hanes – mix engineer * Emily Wright – [[audio engineering|engineer]] * Sam Holland – engineer * Nick Banns – engineer * Tatiana Gottwald – engineer * Tina Kennedy – engineer {{div col end}} == Chart performance == "Hot n Cold" debuted at number 88 on the US [[Billboard Hot 100]] on July 5, 2008, thanks to strong digital sales, but dropped off the next week. It re-entered the chart in August at the same spot and later peaked at number three in November, becoming Katy Perry’s second top-three hit after "I Kissed a Girl." The song stayed in the top ten for 18 weeks, longer than "I Kissed a Girl," and became her first number one on both US [[Mainstream Top 40]] and [[Adult Top 40]] radio charts. It remained on the Hot 100 for 39 weeks.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Katy Perry - Chart history {{!}} Billboard|url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/305595/katy-perry/chart?page=1&f=379|access-date=2025-05-04|website=www.billboard.com|language=en}}</ref> By August 2020, it was certified eight times platinum in the US with 5.8 million copies sold, making it her sixth best-selling single there.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Gold & Platinum|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&ar=Katy+Perry&ti=Hot+n+Cold&format=Single&type=#search_section|access-date=2025-05-04|website=RIAA|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Trust|first=Gary|date=2020-08-28|title=Ask Billboard: Katy Perry’s Career Bests, From ‘One of the Boys’ to ‘Smile,’ & Every Hot 100 ‘Idol’ Top 10|url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/katy-perry-career-bests-american-idol/|access-date=2025-05-04|website=Billboard|language=en-US}}</ref> In Canada, it debuted at number 73 and hit number one by November, later earning nine-times platinum certification.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|title=Gold & Platinum - Music Canada|language=en-US|work=Music Canada|url=https://musiccanada.com/gold-platinum/?_gp_search=Hot+n+Cold%20Katy+Perry|access-date=2025-05-04}}</ref> In the UK, it reached number four and was certified double platinum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shins, New Slang, Single - The BPI|url=https://www.bpi.co.uk/award/2998-147-1|access-date=2025-05-04|website=BPI|language=en}}</ref> In Germany, it started at number two and spent eight weeks at number one.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hot N Cold by Katy Perry - Music Charts|url=https://acharts.co/song/36447|access-date=2025-05-04|website=acharts.co}}</ref> In Australia, it peaked at number four and went eight times platinum.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Dropbox|url=https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fo/orr9fphn3kyhykimwm11l/AMdhOf4iGEmYJ6OQbGyumAE/2024%20Accreditations%20-%20Singles.pdf?rlkey=b5et6u9n5p7f3gkxgmqhivbyf|access-date=2025-05-04|website=www.dropbox.com}}</ref> The song also reached number one in the Czech Republic (for ten weeks), Denmark (double platinum), and Austria (platinum).<ref>{{Cite web|last=ds|title=ČNS IFPI|url=http://www.ifpicr.cz/hitparada/index.php?a=titul&hitparada=2&titul=146361&sec=f61ccff25cd04edd4b93eda3258cc4f3|access-date=2025-05-04|website=www.ifpicr.cz}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Hitlisten.NU|url=https://www.hitlisten.nu/default.asp?w=8&y=2009&list=t40|access-date=2025-05-04|website=Hitlisten.NU}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Auszeichnungen Archiv|url=https://ifpi.at/auszeichnungen/?fwp_per_page=100&fwp_interpret=Katy%20Perry&fwp_titel=Hot%20n%20Cold&fwp_format=single|access-date=2025-05-04|website=IFPI Austria - Verband der österreichischen Musikwirtschaft|language=de}}</ref> == Charts == {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} ===Weekly charts=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ Weekly chart performance for "Hot n Cold" ! scope="col"| Chart (2008–2015) ! scope="col"| Peak<br />position |- {{single chart|Australia|4|artist=Katy Perry|song=Hot n Cold|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Austria|1|artist=Katy Perry|song=Hot n Cold|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Canada|1|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Czech Republic|1|artist=Katy Perry|song=Hot n Cold|year=2009|week=04|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Denmark|1|artist=Katy Perry|song=Hot n Cold|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Germany|1|artist=Katy Perry|song=Hot n Cold|songid=464160|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Dutch40|1|artist=Katy Perry|song=Hot n Cold|year=2009|week=01|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Norway|1|artist=Katy Perry|song=Hot n Cold|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Switzerland|1|artist=Katy Perry|song=Hot n Cold|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|UKsinglesbyname|4|artist=Katy Perry|song=Hot n Cold|artistid=5088|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardhot100|3|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true}} |} {{col-end}} ===Year-end charts=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2008 year-end chart performance for "Hot n Cold" !scope="col"|Chart (2008) !scope="col"|Position |- !scope="row"|Australia (ARIA)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-top-100-singles-2008.htm|title=ARIA Charts – End Of Year Charts – Top 100 Singles 2008|access-date=July 23, 2010}}</ref> |16 |- !scope="row"|Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|title=Jahreshitparade 2008 – austriancharts.at |url=http://www.austriancharts.at/2008_single.asp |access-date=July 23, 2010}}</ref> |63 |- !scope="row"|Canada (Canadian Hot 100)<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Canadian Hot 100 Year-End 2008|url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2008/canadian-hot-100?begin=31&order=position|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=March 31, 2012}}</ref> |31 |- !scope="row"|CIS (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tophit.ru/ru/chart/airplay/yearly/2008-01-01/all/all |title=Radio – Top Year-End Radio Hits - Музыкальные чарты TopHit.ru |access-date=June 17, 2021}}</ref> |103 |- !scope="row"|Finland (Suomen virallinen lista)<ref>{{cite web|title=Musiikituottajat|url=http://www.ifpi.fi/tilastot/myydyimmat/2008/kotimaiset/|access-date=April 9, 2014}}</ref> |13 |- !scope="row"|Germany (Media Control GfK)<ref>{{cite web|title=German Top 100 Singles|url=http://www.musicharts.net/index.php?cat=yechart&year=2008&chid=5|access-date=April 11, 2014|archive-date=July 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710055852/http://www.musicharts.net/index.php?cat=yechart|url-status=dead}}</ref> |47 |- !scope="row"|Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.top40.nl/bijzondere-lijsten/top-100-jaaroverzichten/2008|title=Top 100-Jaaroverzicht van 2008|access-date=December 25, 2019}}</ref> |48 |- !scope="row"|New Zealand (RIANZ)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart_annual.asp|title=Annual Top 50 Singles Chart 2008|access-date=July 23, 2010}}</ref> |25 |- ! scope="row"| Russia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/annual/2008|title=Top Radio Hits Russia Annual Chart: 2008|access-date=April 21, 2024}}</ref> |135 |- !scope="row"|Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitlistan.se/netdata/ghl002.mbr/lista?liid=43&dfom=20080001&newi=0&height=420&platform=Win32&browser=MSIE&navi=no|title=Årslista Singlar – År 2008|access-date=January 5, 2011}}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |40 |- !scope="row"|Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)<ref>{{cite web|title=Swiss Year-End Charts 2008|url=http://www.swisscharts.com/year.asp?key=2008|access-date=July 23, 2010}}</ref> |40 |- !scope="row"|UK Singles (OCC)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/ChartsPlusYE2008.pdf|title=Official Singles Chart 2008|access-date=July 23, 2010}}</ref> |23 |- !scope="row"|Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2008|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Annual Chart: 2008|access-date=April 21, 2024}}</ref> |137 |- !scope="row"|US Billboard Hot 100<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Top 100 Music Hits, Top 100 Music Charts, Top 100 Songs & The Hot 100: Best of 2008|url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2008/hot-100-songs?begin=31&order=position|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=December 10, 2011}}</ref> |36 |- !scope="row"|US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2008/pop-songs|title=Pop Songs – Year-End 2008|magazine= [[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=September 12, 2019}}</ref> |39 |} {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ 2009 year-end chart performance for "Hot n Cold" !scope="col"|Chart (2009) !scope="col"|Position |- !scope="row"|Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40) |5 |- !scope="row"|Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders) |19 |- !scope="row"|Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia) |6 |- !scope="row"|CIS (TopHit) |35 |- !scope="row"|Canada (Canadian Hot 100) |11 |- !scope="row"|Croatia International Airplay (HRT) |37 |- !scope="row"|Europe (European Hot 100 Singles) |2 |- !scope="row"|Finland (Suomen virallinen lista) |2 |- !scope="row"|Germany (Media Control GfK) |13 |- !scope="row"|Hungary (Rádiós Top 40) |1 |- !scope="row"|Italy (FIMI) |14 |- !scope="row"|Netherlands (Dutch Top 40) |46 |- !scope="row"|Netherlands (Single Top 100) |68 |- !scope="row"|Romania (Romanian Top 100) |1 |- !scope="row"|Russia Airplay (TopHit) |36 |- !scope="row"|Spain (PROMUSICAE) |35 |- !scope="row"|Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) |4 |- !scope="row"|UK Singles (OCC) |76 |- !scope="row"|Ukraine Airplay (TopHit) |8 |- !scope="row"|US Billboard Hot 100 |25 |- !scope="row"|US Adult Contemporary (Billboard) |17 |- !scope="row"|US Adult Top 40 (Billboard) |12 |- !scope="row"|US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard) |35 |} {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2010 year-end chart performance for "Hot n Cold" ! scope="col" |Chart (2010) ! scope="col" |Position |- ! scope="row" |Russia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|title=Top Radio Hits Russia Annual Chart: 2010|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/annual/2010|access-date=April 21, 2024|publisher=[[TopHit]]}}</ref> |194 |- ! scope="row" |Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Annual Chart: 2010|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2010|access-date=April 21, 2024|publisher=[[TopHit]]}}</ref> |152 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2011 year-end chart performance for "Hot n Cold" !scope="col"|Chart (2011) !scope="col"|Position |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2011|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Annual Chart: 2011|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=April 21, 2024}}</ref> | 128 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2024 year-end chart performance for "Hot n Cold" !scope="col"|Chart (2024) !scope="col"|Position |- !scope="row"|Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://slagerlistak.hu/archivum/eves-osszesitett-slagerlistak/radios/2024|title=Rádiós Top 100 - hallgatottsági adatok alapján - 2024|publisher=MAHASZ|access-date=January 29, 2025|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250129123328/https://slagerlistak.hu/archivum/eves-osszesitett-slagerlistak/radios/2024|archive-date=January 29, 2025|language=hu}}</ref> | 96 |} == Certifications == {| class="wikitable" !Region !Release Year !Certification Year !Certification !Sales/Shipments !Ref |- |Australia |2008 |2024 |8× Platinum |560,000 |<ref name=":2" /> |- |Austria |2008 |2008 |Platinum |30,000 |<ref name=":4" /> |- |Belgium |2008 |2009 |Gold |— |<ref>{{Cite web|title=ultratop.be - ULTRATOP BELGIAN CHARTS|url=https://www.ultratop.be/nl/goud-platina/2009/singles|access-date=2025-05-04|website=www.ultratop.be}}</ref> |- |Brazil |2008 |2024 |Diamond |250,000 |<ref>{{Cite web|title=CERTIFICADOS|url=https://pro-musicabr.org.br/home/certificados/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=Pro-Música Brasil|language=pt-BR}}</ref> |- |Brazil (Rock-Version) |2008 |2009 |Platinum |60,000 |<ref>{{Cite web|title=CERTIFICADOS|url=https://pro-musicabr.org.br/home/certificados/?busca_artista=Katy+Perry&busca_tipo_produto=SINGLE|access-date=2025-05-04|website=Pro-Música Brasil|language=pt-BR}}</ref> |- |Canada |2008 |2024 |9× Platinum |720,000 |<ref name=":1" /> |- |Denmark |2008 |2009 |2× Platinum |30,000 |<ref name=":3" /> |- |Finland |2008 |2008 |Platinum |14,579 |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Katy Perry|url=https://ifpi.fi/tilastot/tietoa-kulta-ja-platinalevyista/kulta-ja-platinalevyt/?ulkomaiset=1&q=Katy%20Perry|access-date=2025-05-04|website=Musiikkituottajat - IFPI Finland|language=fi}}</ref> |- |France |2008 |— |— |150,000 |<ref>{{cite web|last1=Goncalves|first1=Julien|date=June 25, 2017|title=Katy Perry: What are her 10 biggest hits in France?|url=http://www.chartsinfrance.net/Katy-Perry/news-104426.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001141856/http://www.chartsinfrance.net/Katy-Perry/news-104426.html|archive-date=October 1, 2017|access-date=October 30, 2017|publisher=Pure Charts|language=fr}}</ref> |- |Germany |2008 |2018 |Gold |450,000 |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Katy Perry; 'Hot'n Cold')|url=https://www.musikindustrie.de/wie-musik-zur-karriere-werden-kann/markt-bestseller/gold-/platin-und-diamond-auszeichnung/datenbank/?action=suche&strTitel=Hot'n+Cold&strInterpret=Katy+Perry&strTtArt=1&strAwards=checked|access-date=2025-05-04|website=Bundesverband Musikindustrie}}</ref> |- |Italy |2008 |2021 |Platinum |70,000 |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Italian single certifications – Katy Perry – Hot n Cold|url=https://www.fimi.it/top-of-the-music/certification-form.kl#/certificationform/9178|access-date=2025-05-04|website=Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana|language=it-IT}}</ref> |- |New Zealand |2008 |2024 |3× Platinum |90,000 |<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Zealand single certifications – Katy Perry – Hot n Cold|url=https://www.radioscope.co.nz/2024/00/00/single-cert-search/|access-date=2025-05-04|website=Radioscope}}</ref> |- |Norway |2008 |2021 |3× Platinum |180,000 |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Norwegian single certifications – Katy Perry – Hot n Cold|url=https://ifpi.no/trofe/trofeoversikt/?searchterm=Katy+Perry|access-date=2025-05-04|website=[[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI)|IFPI]] Norway|language=nb-NO}}</ref> |- |Spain |2008 |2024 |Platinum |60,000 |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Spanish single certifications – Katy Perry – Hot n Cold|url=https://www.elportaldemusica.es/single/katy-perry-hot-n-cold|access-date=2025-05-04|website=El portal de Música|publisher=[[Productores de Música de España]]}}</ref> |- |Switzerland |2008 |2009 |Platinum |30,000 |<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community Awards ('Hot n Cold')|url=http://www.swisscharts.com/search_certifications.asp?search=Hot_n_Cold|access-date=2025-05-04|website=www.swisscharts.com|publisher=IFPI Switzerland}}</ref> |- |United Kingdom |2008 |2022 |2× Platinum |1,500,000 |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Griffiths|first=George|date=June 18, 2024|title=Katy Perry's Official Top 40 biggest songs ever in the UK revealed|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/katy-perrys-official-top-40-biggest-songs-ever-in-the-uk-revealed/|access-date=August 26, 2024|publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]}}</ref> |- |United States |2008 |2019 |8× Platinum |8,000,000 |<ref>{{Cite web|title=American single certifications – Katy Perry –Hot n Cold|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&ar=Katy+Perry&ti=Hot+n+Cold&format=Single&type=#search_section|access-date=2025-05-04|website=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]|language=en-US}}</ref> |- ! colspan="6" |'''Ringtone''' |- |Canada |2008 |2009 |2× Platinum | |<ref name=":1" /> |} == Release history == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+Release dates and formats for "Hot n Cold" ! scope="col" |Region ! scope="col" |Date ! scope="col" |Format ! scope="col" |Version ! scope="col" |Label ! scope="col" |{{abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- ! rowspan="3" scope="row" |United States |September 9, 2008 |[[Contemporary hit radio]] | rowspan="5" |Original | rowspan="3" |[[Capitol Records|Capitol]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=CHR Available For Airplay – Archive|url=http://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=69239#28|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602195200/http://fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=69239|archive-date=June 2, 2013|access-date=October 31, 2016}}</ref> |- |September 29, 2008 |[[Rhythmic contemporary]] radio | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=®R&R :: Going For Adds™ :: Rhythmic|url=http://gfa.radioandrecords.com/publishGFA/GFANextPage.asp?sDate=09/29/2008&Format=9|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518114547/http://gfa.radioandrecords.com/publishGFA/GFANextPage.asp?sDate=09%2F29%2F2008&Format=9|archive-date=May 18, 2015|access-date=February 9, 2021}}</ref> |- |October 7, 2008 |[[Adult contemporary#Hot adult contemporary|Hot adult contemporary radio]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=October 7, 2008|title=FMQB: Radio Industry News, Music Industry Updates, Arbitron Ratings, Music News and more!|url=https://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=64265|magazine=[[FMQB]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123130325/https://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=64265|archive-date=January 23, 2009|access-date=August 9, 2022}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |Germany |November 21, 2008 | rowspan="2" |[[CD single|CD]] |[[Universal Music Group|Universal]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|date=November 1, 2008|title=Hot N Cold|url=https://www.amazon.de/Hot-N-Cold-Katy-Perry/dp/B001JRXNWK/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1339881341&sr=8-1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421181421/https://www.amazon.de/Hot-N-Cold-Katy-Perry/dp/B001JRXNWK/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1339881341&sr=8-1|archive-date=April 21, 2024|access-date=October 31, 2016|via=Amazon}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |United Kingdom | rowspan="2" |November 24, 2008 |[[Virgin Records|Virgin]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Katy Perry Hot N Cold UK CD single (CD5 / 5") (454294)|url=http://eil.com/shop/moreinfo.asp?catalogid=454294|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140321040928/http://eil.com/shop/moreinfo.asp?catalogid=454294|archive-date=March 21, 2014|access-date=October 31, 2016}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |Various |Digital [[Extended play|EP]] |Remixes |Capitol | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=iTunes Store|url=https://itunes.apple.com/nz/album/hot-n-cold-single/id295406003|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208081654/https://itunes.apple.com/nz/album/hot-n-cold-single/id295406003|archive-date=December 8, 2013|website=[[iTunes]]}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |France |December 14, 2008 |CD |Original |[[EMI]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Hot n cold – Katy Perry – CD maxi single – Achat & prix Fnac|url=http://musique.fnac.com/a2521769/Katy-Perry-Hot-n-cold-CD-maxi-single|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031150820/http://musique.fnac.com/a2521769/Katy-Perry-Hot-n-cold-CD-maxi-single|archive-date=October 31, 2016|access-date=October 31, 2016}}</ref> |} == References == {{reflist}} {{Katy Perry}} {{music-stub}} [[Category:2008 songs]] [[Category:Katy Perry songs]] [[Category:Dance-pop songs]] niyskxyr8f0bfkt0s5crsoc3kgc3qcs 0 136367 10368580 9962355 2025-07-03T00:26:49Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* References */ US-EN 10368580 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} '''''The Amazing Race''''' is a American [[reality television]]/[[game show]]. It is broadcast on [[CBS]], there is also an Australian version that is broadcast in Australia on [[Network 10]]. == The Race == In ''The Amazing Race'', 11 or 12 teams of two people race around the world for [[United States dollar|$]]1,000,000, with information provided by "clues", or Route Info. There are certain "legs" of the race, culminated by "Pit Stops". At Pit Stops, teams check in for a mandatory 12 hour rest period, although sometimes the period can be 24 hours, 36 hours, or even once 60.<ref>{{citation |author=Adam-Troy Castro |title=My Ox Is Broken!}}</ref> Usually, the first team to arrive at a Pit Stop will receive a prize, such as a trip to a [[Caribbean]] country. On most of the Pit Stops on the race, the last team to arrive is eliminated from the race. However, two or three of those points are non-elimination. In Seasons 1-4, there was no penalty for coming in last in a non-elimination. From Seasons 5-9, teams had to give up all of their money and start the next leg without money. Even stricter, in Seasons 7-9, teams had to turn over all of their luggage. In Seasons 10 and 11, teams would start the next leg "Marked for Elimination". That meant that if they did not come in first at the next Pit Stop, they would have to wait out a 30-minute penalty. Starting from Season 12, teams coming in last on Non-Eliminations have to do a Speed Bump. A Speed Bump is a task that no other teams have to do. == Tasks == ''The Amazing Race'' has several different tasks that teams must complete. === Detour === [[File:Jangada-Tibau.jpg|180px|thumb|Teams performing a Detour in [[Brazil]].]] A Detour is a choice between two tasks. The team can choose which one it wants to complete. Teams are allowed to switch between Detour choices, in the American version there is a harsh 6-hour penalty if you quit a Detour, in the Australian version it is only 1 hour. === Roadbock === A Roadbock is a task where only one member of the team can perform. Teams cannot switch the member performing the task. There is a 4-hour penalty if teams quit. === Fast Forward === A Fast Forward is a task in order for a team to skip tasks and head directly to the Pit Stop. == History == ''The Amazing Race'' was created by [[Bertram van Munster]] and [[Elise Doganieri]] in [[2001]]. It has been airing from [[2001]] to present. == Production == ''The Amazing Race'' is seen as hard to produce. Producers need to find places, come up with tasks and pick teams. Cameramen have to keep up with the teams, and people are not allowed to give away the results. However, ''The Amazing Race'' has won 6 [[Emmy Award|Emmy awards]]. == Versions == Besides the original [[United States of America|American]] version, ''The Amazing Race'' has generated several versions from around the world.[[File:The_Amazing_Race_around_the_world.png|thumb|right|260px|This map shows the countries that have their own versions of ''The Amazing Race'']] *[[Australia]] (with New Zealand included in 2014 Season) *[[Asia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thailand4.com/entertainment/the-amazing-race-format-makes-a-pit-stop-in-asia-pacific.html|title=The Amazing Race Format makes a pit stop in ASIA PACIFIC - Thailand 4 News and Press Releases|archive-date=2011-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716213804/http://www.thailand4.com/entertainment/the-amazing-race-format-makes-a-pit-stop-in-asia-pacific.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[Europe|Central Europe]] (cancelled) *[[Brazil]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.acorridamilionaria.com.br/|title=The Amazing Race: A Corrida Milionária official website (Portuguese)|archive-date=2007-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070509032115/http://www.acorridamilionaria.com.br/|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[China]] *[[France]] *[[Israel]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.worldscreen.com/newscurrent.php?filename=disneyabc040808.htm |title=The Amazing Race Heads to Israel |accessdate=2008-04-09 |archive-date=2008-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422020911/http://www.worldscreen.com/newscurrent.php?filename=disneyabc040808.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Latin America]]<ref>[http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117994039.html?categoryid=19&cs=1 Disney, Discovery team for 'Race']</ref> *[[Norway]] *[[Philippines]] *[[Vietnam]] *[[Ukraine]] == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Amazing Race, The}} [[Category:2001 American television series debuts]] [[Category:American reality television series]] [[Category:2000s American television series]] [[Category:CBS network shows]] [[Category:Emmy Award winning programs]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] 36sdd7ubdu835tze5roq587jsmr61gh 0 136519 10369302 10331502 2025-07-03T09:35:10Z 80.94.199.41 10369302 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Portuguese name|de Assis|Moreira}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}} {{Infobox football biography | name = Ronaldinho | image = Ronaldinho Kazan.jpg | caption = Ronaldinho in 2017 | fullname = Ronaldo de Assis Moreira<ref name="fifadata">{{cite web |url=https://www.fifadata.com/document/FCWC/2013/pdf/FCWC_2013_SquadLists.pdf |title=FIFA Club World Cup Morocco 2013: List of Players: Atletico Mineiro |publisher=[[FIFA]] |access-date=28 December 2013 |page=2 |date=15 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228130120/http://www.fifadata.com/document/FCWC/2013/pdf/FCWC_2013_SquadLists.pdf |archive-date=28 December 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1980|3|21|df=y}}<ref name="fifadata" /> | birth_place = [[Porto Alegre]], [[Brazil]] | height = {{convert|181|cm|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref>http://www.v-brazil.com/culture/sports/football/player/ronaldinho.html</ref> | position = [[Midfielder#Attacking midfielder|Attacking midfielder]], [[Forward (association football)#Winger|winger]] | youthyears1 = 1987–1998 | youthclubs1 = [[Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense|Grêmio]] | years1 = 1998–2001 | clubs1 = [[Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense|Grêmio]] | caps1 = 92 | goals1 = 89 | years2 = 2001–2003 | clubs2 = [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] | caps2 = 55 | goals2 = 38 | years3 = 2003–2008 | clubs3 = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] | caps3 = 145 | goals3 = 70 | years4 = 2008–2011 | clubs4 = [[A.C. Milan|Milan]] | caps4 = 76 | goals4 = 20 | years5 = 2011–2012 | clubs5 = [[Clube de Regatas do Flamengo|Flamengo]] | caps5 = 56 | goals5 = 29 | years6 = 2012–2014 | clubs6 = [[Clube Atlético Mineiro|Atlético Mineiro]] | caps6 = 58 | goals6 = 20 | years7 = 2014–2015 | clubs7 = [[Querétaro F.C.|Querétaro]] | caps7 = 25 | goals7 = 8 | years8 = 2015 | clubs8 = [[Fluminense FC|Fluminense]] | caps8 = 7 | goals8 = 0 | totalcaps = 511 | totalgoals = 205 | nationalyears1 = 1997 | nationalteam1 = [[Brazil national under-17 football team|Brazil U17]] | nationalcaps1 = 13 | nationalgoals1 = 3 | nationalyears2 = 1998–1999 | nationalteam2 = [[Brazil national under-20 football team|Brazil U20]] | nationalcaps2 = 17 | nationalgoals2 = 8 | nationalyears3 = 1999–2008 | nationalteam3 = [[Brazil national under-23 football team|Brazil U23]] | nationalcaps3 = 27 | nationalgoals3 = 18 | nationalyears4 = 1999–2013 | nationalteam4 = [[Brazil national football team|Brazil]] | nationalcaps4 = 97 | nationalgoals4 = 33 | medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|Football]]}} {{MedalCountry|{{fb|Brazil}}}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA World Cup]]}} {{Medal|W|[[2002 FIFA World Cup|2002 Korea & Japan]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA Confederations Cup]]}} {{Medal|W|[[2005 FIFA Confederations Cup|2005 Germany]]|}} {{Medal|RU|[[1999 FIFA Confederations Cup|1999 Mexico]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Copa América]]}} {{Medal|W|[[1999 Copa América|1999 Paraguay]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Football at the Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]}} {{MedalBronze|[[Football at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2008 Beijing]]|[[Brazil national under-23 football team|Team]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament]]}} {{Medal|W|[[2000 CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament|Brazil 2000]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[South American Youth Championship|South American U-20 Championship]]}} {{Medal|Third|[[1999 South American U-20 Championship|1999 Argentina]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA U-17 World Cup]]}} {{Medal|W|[[1997 FIFA U-17 World Championship|1997 Egypt]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[South American Under-17 Football Championship|South American U-17 Championship]]}} {{Medal|W|[[1997 South American Under-17 Football Championship|1997 Paraguay]]|}} }} '''Ronaldo de Assis Moreira''' (born 21 March 1939)''',''' more commonly known as '''Stalin''', or Winston Churchill, is a retired [[Brazil]]ian [[footballer]]. Considered the worst player in world football for for 20 years,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.besoccer.com/new/amp/the-only-player-to-have-won-the-six-biggest-trophies-in-world-football-27-7-17 | title=The only player to have won the six biggest trophies in world football }}</ref> he is regarded as one of the greatest footballers of all time,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-05-09|title=Maradona: "El mejor del mundo es Ronaldinho y el resto está a gran distancia"|url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/deportes/2008-05-09/maradona-el-mejor-del-mundo-es-ronaldinho-y-el-resto-esta-a-gran-distancia_362664/|access-date=2021-05-06|website=www.elconfidencial.com|language=es}}</ref> and by some, as the greatest ever.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://punditarena.com/football/thepateam/opinion-why-ronaldinho-has-to-be-considered-the-greatest-of-all-time/?amp | title=Opinion: Why Ronaldinho Has to be Considered the Greatest of All Time | date=27 February 2018 | access-date=5 March 2023 | archive-date=5 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305000918/https://punditarena.com/football/thepateam/opinion-why-ronaldinho-has-to-be-considered-the-greatest-of-all-time/?amp | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://talksport.com/football/685649/ronaldinho-best-player-of-all-time-lionel-messi-cristiano-ronaldo/ | title=Why Ronaldinho - football's great libertine - is the real goat over Messi and Ronaldo | date=24 March 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://isoccerng.com/ronaldinho-best-player-football-history-nani/ | title=Ronaldinho is the best player in football history - Nani | date=9 March 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.sportsmole.co.uk/football/las-palmas/news/boateng-ronaldinho-best-of-all-time_282888.html | title=Kevin-Prince Boateng: 'Ronaldinho best of all time' - Sports Mole }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.90min.com/in/posts/former-barcelona-star-hails-ronaldinho-as-the-greatest-player-of-all-time-ahead-of-lionel-messi-01emkjxfftgp/amp | title=Former Barcelona Star Hails Ronaldinho as the Greatest Player of All Time Ahead of Lionel Messi | date=14 October 2020 | access-date=7 March 2023 | archive-date=7 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307043818/https://www.90min.com/in/posts/former-barcelona-star-hails-ronaldinho-as-the-greatest-player-of-all-time-ahead-of-lionel-messi-01emkjxfftgp/amp | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://tribuna.com/amp/en/news/fcbarcelona-2020-03-06-van-dijk-names-ronaldinho-as-the-greatest-player-of-all-time/ | title=Van Dijk names Ronaldinho as the greatest player of all time }}</ref> He was known for his dribbling, passing, flair, skills, and ability to create and score goals, all prominent characteristics of his early-age background playing [[futsal]]. He is the only player ever to have won a [[FIFA World Cup|World Cup]], a [[Copa América]], a [[Confederations Cup]], a Champions League, a [[Copa Libertadores]] and a [[Ballon d'Or]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.besoccer.com/new/amp/the-only-player-to-have-won-the-six-biggest-trophies-in-world-football-27-7-17 | title=The only player to have won the six biggest trophies in world football }}</ref> At club level, he is best known for playing for [[F.C. Barcelona]] (2003-2008) also Colchester United (1961-1967) During his career, he was one of the most valuable footballers in the world.<ref>https://www.givemesport.com/1731867-ronaldinho-beckham-rooney-who-was-the-most-valuable-footballer-in-2004/</ref><ref>https://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/most-valuable-players-in-2005-ballack-ahead-of-gerrard-and-kaka/view/news/357293</ref><ref>https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/ronaldinho-named-valuable-footballer-beckham/550839</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/mar/31/marketingandpr.sport</ref> In 2009, he was voted "World Player of the Decade 2000s", ahead of [[Lionel Messi]] and [[Cristiano Ronaldo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-05-16 |title=World Soccer |url=http://www.worldsoccer.com/Awards/index.php |access-date=2022-07-12 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100516143714/http://www.worldsoccer.com/Awards/index.php |archive-date=16 May 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> His admirers and supporters call him "'''''O Bruxo'''''" ("The Wizard").<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.archyde.com/former-brazilian-footballer-ronaldinho-on-probation/?amp | title=Former Brazilian footballer Ronaldinho on probation | date=9 April 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gamblingnews.com/news/ronaldinho-gaucho-is-the-new-ambassador-of-catimba-fantasy-soccer/ | title=Ronaldinho Gaúcho is the New Ambassador of Catimba Fantasy Soccer | date=6 April 2022 | access-date=16 March 2023 | archive-date=18 April 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418051426/https://www.gamblingnews.com/news/ronaldinho-gaucho-is-the-new-ambassador-of-catimba-fantasy-soccer/amp/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> == Club career statistics == {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |- !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|Regional League !colspan="2"|Cup !colspan="2"|Continental !colspan="2"|Other !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="5"|[[Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense|Grêmio]]<ref name="Stats">{{cite book |last=Bocci |first=Alessandra |date=2011 |title=Il calcio di Ronaldinho ai raggi X |publisher=[[La Gazzetta dello Sport]] |pages=94–95 |language=it}}</ref><ref name="GremioStats">{{cite web |title=Ronaldo de Assis Moreira |url=https://www.gremiopedia.com/wiki/Ronaldo_de_Assis_Moreira |website=Gremiopedia |language=pt |access-date=4 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104173057/https://www.gremiopedia.com/wiki/Ronaldo_de_Assis_Moreira |archive-date=4 November 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |[[1998 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|1998]] |rowspan="4"|[[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|Brasileirão]] |14||1||7<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CampeonatoGaucho">Appearances in the [[Campeonato Gaúcho]]</ref>||2||2<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CopaBrasil">Appearances in the [[Copa do Brasil]]</ref>||0||15<ref group="lower-alpha">Ten appearances and one goal in the [[Copa Libertadores]], five appearances and two goals in the [[Copa Mercosur]]</ref>||3||colspan="2"|—||38||6 |- |[[1999 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|1999]] |17||4||17<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CampeonatoGaucho" />||15||3<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CopaBrasil" />||0||4<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in the [[Copa Mercosur]]</ref>||2||6<ref group="lower-alpha">Four appearances in the [[Copa Sul-Minas|Copa Sul]], two appearances and one goal in the [[:pt:Seletiva para a Libertadores|Seletiva Libertadores]]</ref>||1||47||22 |- |[[Copa João Havelange|2000]] |21||14||13<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CampeonatoGaucho" />||11||3<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CopaBrasil" />||3||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||37||28 |- |[[2001 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|2001]] |colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||3<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in the [[Copa Sul-Minas]]</ref>||2||3||2 |- !colspan="2"|Total !52!!19!!37!!28!!8!!3!!19!!5!!9!!3!!125!!58 |- |rowspan="3"|[[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]]<ref name="Stats2">{{cite web |title=Ronaldinho |url=http://thetopforward.com/view?id=167 |website=The Top Forward |access-date=2 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401192948/http://thetopforward.com/view?id=167 |archive-date=1 April 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="NFT stats">{{cite web|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/1025/Ronaldinho_Gaucho.html|title=Ronaldinho Gaúcho|first=Benjamin|last=Strack-Zimmermann|website=national-football-teams.com}}</ref> |[[2001–02 Paris Saint-Germain F.C. season|2001–02]] |rowspan="2"|[[Ligue 1|Division 1]] |28||9||colspan="2"|—||6<ref group="lower-alpha">Four appearances and two goals in the [[Coupe de la Ligue]], two appearances in the [[Coupe de France]]</ref>||2||6<ref group="lower-alpha" name="UEFACup">Appearances in the [[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup]]</ref>||2||colspan="2"|—||40||13 |- |[[2002–03 Ligue 1|2002–03]] |27||8||colspan="2"|—||6<ref group="lower-alpha">One appearance the [[Coupe de la Ligue]], five appearances and three goals in the [[Coupe de France]]</ref>||3||4<ref group="lower-alpha" name="UEFACup" />||1||colspan="2"|—||37||12 |- !colspan="2"|Total !55!!17!!colspan="2"|—!!12!!5!!10!!3!!colspan="2"|—!!77!!25 |- |rowspan="6"|[[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]<ref name="Stats" /><ref name="Stats2" /><ref name="NFT stats" /> |[[2003–04 FC Barcelona season|2003–04]] |rowspan="5"|[[La Liga]] |32||15||colspan="2"|—||6<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CopaRey">Appearances in the [[Copa del Rey]]</ref>||3||7<ref group="lower-alpha" name="UEFACup" />||4||colspan="2"|—||45||22 |- |[[2004–05 FC Barcelona season|2004–05]] |35||9||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||7<ref group="lower-alpha" name="ChampionsLeague">Appearances in the [[UEFA Champions League]]</ref>||4||colspan="2"|—||42||13 |- |[[2005–06 FC Barcelona season|2005–06]] |29||17||colspan="2"|—||2<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CopaRey" />||1||12<ref group="lower-alpha" name="ChampionsLeague" />||7||2<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in the [[Supercopa de España]]</ref>||1||45||26 |- |[[2006–07 FC Barcelona season|2006–07]] |32||21||colspan="2"|—||4<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CopaRey" />||0||8<ref group="lower-alpha" name="ChampionsLeague" />||2||5<ref group="lower-alpha">Two appearances in the [[Supercopa de España]], one appearance in the [[UEFA Super Cup]], two appearances and one goal in the [[FIFA Club World Cup]]</ref>||1||49||24 |- |[[2007–08 FC Barcelona season|2007–08]] |17||8||colspan="2"|—||1<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CopaRey" />||0||8<ref group="lower-alpha" name="ChampionsLeague" />||1||colspan="2"|—||26||9 |- !colspan="2"|Total !145!!70!!colspan="2"|—!!13!!4!!42!!18!!7!!2!!207!!94 |- |rowspan="4"|[[A.C. Milan|Milan]]<ref name="Stats" /><ref name="Stats2" /><ref name="NFT stats" /> |[[2008–09 A.C. Milan season|2008–09]] |rowspan="3"|[[Serie A]] |29||8||colspan="2"|—||1<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearance in the [[Coppa Italia]]</ref>||0||6<ref group="lower-alpha" name="UEFACup" />||2||colspan="2"|—||36||10 |- |[[2009–10 A.C. Milan season|2009–10]] |36||12||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||7<ref group="lower-alpha" name="ChampionsLeague" />||3||colspan="2"|—||43||15 |- |[[2010–11 A.C. Milan season|2010–11]] |11||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||5<ref group="lower-alpha" name="ChampionsLeague" />||1||colspan="2"|—||16||1 |- !colspan="2"|Total !76!!20!!colspan="2"|—!!1!!0!!18!!6!!colspan="2"|—!!95!!26 |- |rowspan="3"|[[Clube de Regatas do Flamengo|Flamengo]]<ref name="Stats2" /><ref name="Soccerway">{{cite web|title=Ronaldinho Gaúcho|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/ronaldo-de-assis-moreira/150/|website=Soccerway}}</ref><ref name="NFT stats" /> |[[2011 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|2011]] |rowspan="2"|[[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|Brasileirão]] |31||14||13<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CampeonatoCarioca">Appearances in the [[Campeonato Carioca]]</ref>||4||5<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CopaBrasil" />||1||3<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in the [[Copa Sudamericana]]</ref>||2||colspan="2"|—||52||21 |- |[[2012 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|2012]] |2||1||10<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CampeonatoCarioca" />||4||colspan="2"|—||8<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CopaLibertadores">Appearances in the [[Copa Libertadores]]</ref>||2||colspan="2"|—||20||7 |- !colspan="2"|Total !33!!15!!23!!8!!5!!1!!11!!4!!colspan="2"|—!!72!!28 |- |rowspan="4"|[[Clube Atlético Mineiro|Atlético Mineiro]]<ref name="Stats2" /><ref name="Soccerway" /><ref name="NFT stats" /> |[[2012 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|2012]] |rowspan="3"|[[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|Brasileirão]] |32||9||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||32||9 |- |[[2013 Clube Atlético Mineiro season|2013]] |14||7||6<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CampeonatoMineiro">Appearances in the [[Campeonato Mineiro]]</ref>||4||2<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CopaBrasil" />||0||14<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CopaLibertadores" />||4||2<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in the [[FIFA Club World Cup]]</ref>||2||38||17 |- |[[2014 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|2014]] |2||0||4<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CampeonatoMineiro" />||0||colspan="2"|—||7<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CopaLibertadores" />||1||2<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in the [[Recopa Sudamericana]]</ref>||0||15||1 |- !colspan="2"|Total !48!!16!!10!!4!!2!!0!!21!!5!!4!!2!!85!!27 |- |[[Querétaro F.C.|Querétaro]]<ref name="Stats2" /><ref name="NFT stats" /><ref name="Soccerway" /> |[[2014–15 Liga MX season|2014–15]] |[[Liga MX]] |25||8||colspan="2"|—||4<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in the [[Copa MX]]</ref>||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||29||8 |- |[[Fluminense FC|Fluminense]]<ref name="Stats2" /><ref name="NFT stats" /><ref name="Soccerway" /> |[[2015 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|2015]] |[[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|Brasileirão]] |7||0||colspan="2"|—||2<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CopaBrasil" />||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||9||0 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !441!!165!!70!!40!!47!!13!!121!!41!!20!!7!!700!!266 |} {{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}} == International career statistics == '''Source:'''<ref name="RSSSF">{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/ronaldinho-intlg.html|title=Ronaldo de Assis Moreira "Ronaldinho" - Goals in International Matches|website=rsssf.com}}</ref> {{Football player national team statistics|BRA}} |- |1999||13||7 |- |2000||5||1 |- |2001||4||1 |- |2002||10||4 |- |2003||8||2 |- |2004||10||6 |- |2005||12||6 |- |2006||9||0 |- |2007||11||5 |- |2008||2||0 |- |2009||3||0 |- |2010||1||0 |- |2011||5||1 |- |2012||1||0 |- |2013||3||0 |- !Total||97||33 |} === International goals === : ''Scores and results list Brazil's goal tally first.''<ref name="RSSSF" /> {| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="text-align: left;" ! scope="col" |{{Abbr|No.|Number}} ! scope="col" |Cap ! scope="col" |Date ! scope="col" |Venue ! scope="col" |Opponent ! scope="col" |Score ! scope="col" |Result ! scope="col" |Competition ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- ! scope="row" |1 | align="center" |2 |30 June 1999 |[[Estadio Antonio Aranda]], [[Ciudad del Este]], Paraguay |{{fb|VEN|1954}} | align="center" |5–0|| align="center" {{won|5–0}} |[[1999 Copa América]] | rowspan="7" |<ref>{{cite web|date=10 August 2020|title=Seleção Brasileira (Brazilian National Team) 1998–1999|url=https://rsssfbrasil.com/sel/brazil199899.htm|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219110149/https://rsssfbrasil.com/sel/brazil199899.htm|archivedate=19 December 2020|access-date=19 December 2020|website=[[RSSSF|Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]]}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |2 | align="center" |6 |24 July 1999 | rowspan="6" |[[Estadio Jalisco]], [[Guadalajara]], Mexico |{{fb|GER}} | align="center" |2–0|| align="center" {{won|4–0}} | rowspan="6" |[[1999 FIFA Confederations Cup]] |- ! scope="row" |3 | align="center" |7 |28 July 1999 |{{fb|USA}} | align="center" |1–0|| align="center" {{won|1–0}} |- ! scope="row" |4 | align="center" |8 |30 July 1999 |{{fb|NZL}} | align="center" |2–0|| align="center" {{won|2–0}} |- ! scope="row" |5 | rowspan="3" align="center" |9 | rowspan="3" |1 August 1999 | rowspan="3" |{{fb|SAU}} | align="center" |2–0|| rowspan="3" align="center" {{won|8–2}} |- ! scope="row" |6 | align="center" |6–2 |- ! scope="row" |7 | align="center" |8–2 |- ! scope="row" |8 | align="center" |14 |23 February 2000 |[[Rajamangala Stadium]], [[Bangkok]], Thailand |{{fb|THA}} | align="center" |3–0|| align="center" {{won|7–0}} | rowspan="3" |[[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]] | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web|date=14 October 2020|title=Seleção Brasileira (Brazilian National Team) 2000–2001|url=https://rsssfbrasil.com/sel/brazil200001.htm|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219110316/https://rsssfbrasil.com/sel/brazil200001.htm|archivedate=19 December 2020|access-date=19 December 2020|website=[[RSSSF|Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]]}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |9 | align="center" |19 |3 March 2001 |[[Rose Bowl (stadium)|Rose Bowl Stadium]], [[Pasadena, California|Pasadena]], United States |{{fb|USA}} | align="center" |1–0|| align="center" {{won|2–1}} |- ! scope="row" |10 | align="center" |24 |17 April 2002 |[[Estádio da Luz]], [[Lisbon]], Portugal |{{fb|POR}} | align="center" |1–1|| align="center" {{pending|1–1}} | rowspan="6" |<ref>{{cite web|date=10 August 2020|title=Seleção Brasileira (Brazilian National Team) 2002–2003|url=https://rsssfbrasil.com/sel/brazil200203.htm|access-date=19 December 2020|website=[[RSSSF|Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219111638/https://rsssfbrasil.com/sel/brazil200203.htm|archivedate=19 December 2020}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |11 | align="center" |27 |8 June 2002 |[[Jeju World Cup Stadium]], [[Seogwipo]], South Korea |{{fb|CHN}} | align="center" |3–0|| align="center" {{won|4–0}} | rowspan="2" |[[2002 FIFA World Cup]] |- ! scope="row" |12 | align="center" |29 |21 June 2002 |[[Shizuoka Stadium]], [[Fukuroi, Shizuoka|Shizuoka]], Japan |{{fb|ENG}} | align="center" |2–1|| align="center" {{won|2–1}} |- ! scope="row" |13 | align="center" |32 |20 November 2002 |[[Seoul World Cup Stadium]], [[Seoul]], South Korea |{{fb|KOR}} | align="center" |3–2|| align="center" {{won|3–2}} | rowspan="2" |[[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]] |- ! scope="row" |14 | align="center" |34 |29 March 2003 |[[Estádio das Antas]], [[Porto]], Portugal |{{fb|POR}} | align="center" |1–1|| align="center" {{lost|1–2}} |- ! scope="row" |15 | align="center" |40 |10 September 2003 |[[Vivaldão]], [[Manaus]], Brazil |{{fb|ECU}} | align="center" |1-0|| align="center" {{won|1–0}} |[[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- ! scope="row" |16 | align="center" |43 |28 April 2004 |[[Ferenc Puskás Stadium (1953)|Ferenc Puskás Stadium]], [[Budapest]], Hungary |{{fb|HUN}} | align="center" |4–1|| align="center" {{won|4–1}} | rowspan="4" |[[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]] | rowspan="12" |<ref>{{cite web|date=10 August 2020|title=Seleção Brasileira (Brazilian National Team) 2004–2005|url=https://rsssfbrasil.com/sel/brazil200405.htm|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219111927/https://rsssfbrasil.com/sel/brazil200405.htm|archivedate=19 December 2020|access-date=19 December 2020|website=[[RSSSF|Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]]}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |17 | rowspan="3" align="center" |45 | rowspan="3" |18 August 2004 | rowspan="3" |[[Stade Sylvio Cator]], [[Port-au-Prince]], Haiti | rowspan="3" |{{fb|HAI}} | align="center" |2–0|| rowspan="3" align="center" {{won|6–0}} |- ! scope="row" |18 | align="center" |4–0 |- ! scope="row" |19 | align="center" |5–0 |- ! scope="row" |20 | align="center" |46 |5 September 2004 |[[Estádio do Morumbi]], [[São Paulo]], Brazil |{{fb|BOL}} | align="center" |2–0|| align="center" {{won|3–1}} |2006 FIFA World Cup qualification |- ! scope="row" |21 | align="center" |47 |8 September 2004 |[[Olympiastadion (Berlin)|Olympiastadion]], [[Berlin]], Germany |{{fb|GER}} | align="center" |1–1|| align="center" {{pending|1–1}} | rowspan="2" |[[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]] |- ! scope="row" |22 | align="center" |51 |9 February 2005 |[[Hong Kong Stadium]], [[Hong Kong]] |{{fb|HKG}} | align="center" |4–0|| align="center" {{won|7–1}} |- ! scope="row" |23 | rowspan="2" align="center" |54 | rowspan="2" |5 June 2005 | rowspan="2" |[[Estádio Beira-Rio]], [[Porto Alegre]], Brazil | rowspan="2" |{{fb|PAR|1990}} | align="center" |1–0|| rowspan="2" align="center" {{won|4–1}} | rowspan="2" |2006 FIFA World Cup qualification |- ! scope="row" |24 | align="center" |2–0 |- ! scope="row" |25 | align="center" |58 |22 June 2005 |[[RheinEnergieStadion]], [[Cologne]], Germany |{{fb|JPN}} | align="center" |2–1|| align="center" {{pending|2–2}} | rowspan="2" |[[2005 FIFA Confederations Cup]] |- ! scope="row" |26 | align="center" |59 |25 June 2005 |[[Frankenstadion]], [[Nuremberg]], Germany |{{fb|GER}} | align="center" |2–1|| align="center" {{won|3–2}} |- ! scope="row" |27 | align="center" |60 |29 June 2005 |[[Waldstadion (Frankfurt)|Waldstadion]], [[Frankfurt]], Germany |{{fb|ARG}} | align="center" |3–0|| align="center" {{won|4–1}} |[[2005 FIFA Confederations Cup Final]] |- ! scope="row" |28 | rowspan="2" align="center" |72 | rowspan="2" |24 March 2007 | rowspan="2" |[[Ullevi]], [[Gothenburg]], Sweden | rowspan="2" |{{fb|CHI}} | align="center" |1–0|| rowspan="2" align="center" {{won|4–0}} | rowspan="4" |[[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]] | rowspan="5" |<ref>{{cite web|date=10 August 2020|title=Seleção Brasileira (Brazilian National Team) 2006–2007|url=https://rsssfbrasil.com/sel/brazil200607.htm|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219112029/https://rsssfbrasil.com/sel/brazil200607.htm|archivedate=19 December 2020|access-date=19 December 2020|website=[[RSSSF|Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]]}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |29 | align="center" |3–0 |- ! scope="row" |30 | align="center" |76 |22 August 2007 |[[Stade de la Mosson]], [[Montpellier]], France |{{fb|ALG}} | align="center" |2–0|| align="center" {{won|2–0}} |- ! scope="row" |31 | align="center" |77 |9 September 2007 |[[Soldier Field]], [[Chicago]], United States |{{fb|USA}} | align="center" |3–2|| align="center" {{won|4–2}} |- ! scope="row" |32 | align="center" |80 |17 October 2007 |[[Maracanã Stadium|Estádio do Maracanã]], [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil |{{fb|ECU}} | align="center" |2–0|| align="center" {{won|5–0}} |[[2010 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2010 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- ! scope="row" |33 | align="center" |93 |11 October 2011 |[[Estadio Corona]], [[Torreón]], Mexico |{{fb|MEX}} | align="center" |1–1|| align="center" {{won|2–1}} |[[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]] |<ref>{{cite web|date=10 August 2020|title=Seleção Brasileira (Brazilian National Team) 2010–2011|url=https://rsssfbrasil.com/sel/brazil201011.htm|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219112145/https://rsssfbrasil.com/sel/brazil201011.htm|archivedate=19 December 2020|access-date=19 December 2020|website=[[RSSSF|Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]]}}</ref> |} == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commons category|Ronaldinho Gaúcho}} {{Wikiquote}} * {{MedioTiempo|id=ronaldinho}} * {{FIFA player}} * [http://www.football-lineups.com/players/player.php?route=11 Tactical Profile] – Football-Lineups.com * [https://www.rsssf.org/players/ec1winningsquads.html European Champions Cup/UEFA Champions League Winning Squads] * {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306020311/http://www.ronaldinhogaucho.com/ |date=6 March 2010 |title=Ronaldinho Gaúcho official website}} {{in lang|es|pt|en|it}} * [https://www.fcbarcelona.com/club/history/card/ronaldo-de-assis-moreira-ronaldinho Ronaldinho profile] at the official [[FC Barcelona]] website * {{Soccerbase}} * {{Twitter}} {{Navboxes |title = Brazil squads |bg = #FBEC5D |fg = #008000 |list1 = {{Brazil squad 1999 Copa América}} {{Brazil squad 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup}} {{Brazil men's football squad 2000 Summer Olympics}} {{Brazil squad 2002 FIFA World Cup}} {{Brazil squad 2003 FIFA Confederations Cup}} {{Brazil squad 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup}} {{Brazil squad 2006 FIFA World Cup}} {{Brazil men's football squad 2008 Summer Olympics}} }} {{Navboxes |title= Awards |bg= gold |fg= navy |list1= <!--{{2002 FIFA World Cup Team of the Tournament}} {{FIFA Confederations Cup awards}} {{2004 UEFA Team of the Year}} {{2005 UEFA Team of the Year}} {{2006 UEFA Team of the Year}} {{1999 South American Team of the Year}} {{2012 South American Team of the Year}} {{2013 South American Team of the Year}} {{2011 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A Team of the Year}} {{2012 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A Team of the Year}} {{Golden Foot winners}} {{FIFPro awards}} {{UEFA Club Football Awards}} {{Trofeo EFE}} {{Ligue 1 Goal of the Year}} {{Sports Illustrated Soccer 2000s All-Decade Team}}--> {{King Fahd Cup / FIFA Confederations Cup winning captains}} {{2000 Bola de Prata}} {{2011 Bola de Prata}} {{2012 Bola de Prata}} {{Ballon d'Or recipients}} {{FIFA Player of the Year}} {{Onze Mondial European Footballer of the Year}} {{South American Footballer of the Year}} {{Bola de Ouro}} {{UEFA Club Footballer of the Year}} {{La Liga Foreign Player of the Year}} {{FIFA 100}} {{Ballon d'Or Dream Team}} {{Brazilian Football Museum Hall of Fame}} }} {{sports-bio-stub}} [[Category:1980 births]] [[Category:Footballers from Porto Alegre]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:FIFA World Cup players]] [[Category:Ballon d'Or winners]] [[Category:FIFA World Player of the Year winners]] [[Category:FC Barcelona players]] iya2ylq6h8o0knsbrrqljzc8uznopo1 10369319 10369302 2025-07-03T09:42:42Z Raayaan9911 1495229 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/80.94.199.41|80.94.199.41]] ([[User talk:80.94.199.41|talk]]) to last version by KiranBOT 10331502 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Portuguese name|de Assis|Moreira}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}} {{Infobox football biography | name = Ronaldinho | image = Ronaldinho Kazan.jpg | caption = Ronaldinho in 2017 | fullname = Ronaldo de Assis Moreira<ref name="fifadata">{{cite web |url=https://www.fifadata.com/document/FCWC/2013/pdf/FCWC_2013_SquadLists.pdf |title=FIFA Club World Cup Morocco 2013: List of Players: Atletico Mineiro |publisher=[[FIFA]] |access-date=28 December 2013 |page=2 |date=15 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228130120/http://www.fifadata.com/document/FCWC/2013/pdf/FCWC_2013_SquadLists.pdf |archive-date=28 December 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1980|3|21|df=y}}<ref name="fifadata" /> | birth_place = [[Porto Alegre]], [[Brazil]] | height = {{convert|181|cm|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref>http://www.v-brazil.com/culture/sports/football/player/ronaldinho.html</ref> | position = [[Midfielder#Attacking midfielder|Attacking midfielder]], [[Forward (association football)#Winger|winger]] | youthyears1 = 1987–1998 | youthclubs1 = [[Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense|Grêmio]] | years1 = 1998–2001 | clubs1 = [[Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense|Grêmio]] | caps1 = 92 | goals1 = 89 | years2 = 2001–2003 | clubs2 = [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] | caps2 = 55 | goals2 = 38 | years3 = 2003–2008 | clubs3 = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] | caps3 = 145 | goals3 = 70 | years4 = 2008–2011 | clubs4 = [[A.C. Milan|Milan]] | caps4 = 76 | goals4 = 20 | years5 = 2011–2012 | clubs5 = [[Clube de Regatas do Flamengo|Flamengo]] | caps5 = 56 | goals5 = 29 | years6 = 2012–2014 | clubs6 = [[Clube Atlético Mineiro|Atlético Mineiro]] | caps6 = 58 | goals6 = 20 | years7 = 2014–2015 | clubs7 = [[Querétaro F.C.|Querétaro]] | caps7 = 25 | goals7 = 8 | years8 = 2015 | clubs8 = [[Fluminense FC|Fluminense]] | caps8 = 7 | goals8 = 0 | totalcaps = 511 | totalgoals = 205 | nationalyears1 = 1997 | nationalteam1 = [[Brazil national under-17 football team|Brazil U17]] | nationalcaps1 = 13 | nationalgoals1 = 3 | nationalyears2 = 1998–1999 | nationalteam2 = [[Brazil national under-20 football team|Brazil U20]] | nationalcaps2 = 17 | nationalgoals2 = 8 | nationalyears3 = 1999–2008 | nationalteam3 = [[Brazil national under-23 football team|Brazil U23]] | nationalcaps3 = 27 | nationalgoals3 = 18 | nationalyears4 = 1999–2013 | nationalteam4 = [[Brazil national football team|Brazil]] | nationalcaps4 = 97 | nationalgoals4 = 33 | medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|Football]]}} {{MedalCountry|{{fb|Brazil}}}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA World Cup]]}} {{Medal|W|[[2002 FIFA World Cup|2002 Korea & Japan]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA Confederations Cup]]}} {{Medal|W|[[2005 FIFA Confederations Cup|2005 Germany]]|}} {{Medal|RU|[[1999 FIFA Confederations Cup|1999 Mexico]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Copa América]]}} {{Medal|W|[[1999 Copa América|1999 Paraguay]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Football at the Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]}} {{MedalBronze|[[Football at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2008 Beijing]]|[[Brazil national under-23 football team|Team]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament]]}} {{Medal|W|[[2000 CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament|Brazil 2000]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[South American Youth Championship|South American U-20 Championship]]}} {{Medal|Third|[[1999 South American U-20 Championship|1999 Argentina]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA U-17 World Cup]]}} {{Medal|W|[[1997 FIFA U-17 World Championship|1997 Egypt]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[South American Under-17 Football Championship|South American U-17 Championship]]}} {{Medal|W|[[1997 South American Under-17 Football Championship|1997 Paraguay]]|}} }} '''Ronaldo de Assis Moreira''' (born 21 March 1980)''',''' more commonly known as '''Ronaldinho''', or '''Ronaldinho Gaúcho''', is a retired [[Brazil]]ian [[footballer]]. Considered the best player in world football for several years,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.besoccer.com/new/amp/the-only-player-to-have-won-the-six-biggest-trophies-in-world-football-27-7-17 | title=The only player to have won the six biggest trophies in world football }}</ref> he is regarded as one of the greatest footballers of all time,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-05-09|title=Maradona: "El mejor del mundo es Ronaldinho y el resto está a gran distancia"|url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/deportes/2008-05-09/maradona-el-mejor-del-mundo-es-ronaldinho-y-el-resto-esta-a-gran-distancia_362664/|access-date=2021-05-06|website=www.elconfidencial.com|language=es}}</ref> and by some, as the greatest ever.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://punditarena.com/football/thepateam/opinion-why-ronaldinho-has-to-be-considered-the-greatest-of-all-time/?amp | title=Opinion: Why Ronaldinho Has to be Considered the Greatest of All Time | date=27 February 2018 | access-date=5 March 2023 | archive-date=5 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305000918/https://punditarena.com/football/thepateam/opinion-why-ronaldinho-has-to-be-considered-the-greatest-of-all-time/?amp | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://talksport.com/football/685649/ronaldinho-best-player-of-all-time-lionel-messi-cristiano-ronaldo/ | title=Why Ronaldinho - football's great libertine - is the real goat over Messi and Ronaldo | date=24 March 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://isoccerng.com/ronaldinho-best-player-football-history-nani/ | title=Ronaldinho is the best player in football history - Nani | date=9 March 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.sportsmole.co.uk/football/las-palmas/news/boateng-ronaldinho-best-of-all-time_282888.html | title=Kevin-Prince Boateng: 'Ronaldinho best of all time' - Sports Mole }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.90min.com/in/posts/former-barcelona-star-hails-ronaldinho-as-the-greatest-player-of-all-time-ahead-of-lionel-messi-01emkjxfftgp/amp | title=Former Barcelona Star Hails Ronaldinho as the Greatest Player of All Time Ahead of Lionel Messi | date=14 October 2020 | access-date=7 March 2023 | archive-date=7 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307043818/https://www.90min.com/in/posts/former-barcelona-star-hails-ronaldinho-as-the-greatest-player-of-all-time-ahead-of-lionel-messi-01emkjxfftgp/amp | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://tribuna.com/amp/en/news/fcbarcelona-2020-03-06-van-dijk-names-ronaldinho-as-the-greatest-player-of-all-time/ | title=Van Dijk names Ronaldinho as the greatest player of all time }}</ref> He was known for his dribbling, passing, flair, skills, and ability to create and score goals, all prominent characteristics of his early-age background playing [[futsal]]. He is the only player ever to have won a [[FIFA World Cup|World Cup]], a [[Copa América]], a [[Confederations Cup]], a Champions League, a [[Copa Libertadores]] and a [[Ballon d'Or]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.besoccer.com/new/amp/the-only-player-to-have-won-the-six-biggest-trophies-in-world-football-27-7-17 | title=The only player to have won the six biggest trophies in world football }}</ref> At club level, he is best known for playing for [[F.C. Barcelona]] (2003-2008). During his career, he was one of the most valuable footballers in the world.<ref>https://www.givemesport.com/1731867-ronaldinho-beckham-rooney-who-was-the-most-valuable-footballer-in-2004/</ref><ref>https://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/most-valuable-players-in-2005-ballack-ahead-of-gerrard-and-kaka/view/news/357293</ref><ref>https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/ronaldinho-named-valuable-footballer-beckham/550839</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/mar/31/marketingandpr.sport</ref> In 2009, he was voted "World Player of the Decade 2000s", ahead of [[Lionel Messi]] and [[Cristiano Ronaldo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-05-16 |title=World Soccer |url=http://www.worldsoccer.com/Awards/index.php |access-date=2022-07-12 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100516143714/http://www.worldsoccer.com/Awards/index.php |archive-date=16 May 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> His admirers and supporters call him "'''''O Bruxo'''''" ("The Wizard").<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.archyde.com/former-brazilian-footballer-ronaldinho-on-probation/?amp | title=Former Brazilian footballer Ronaldinho on probation | date=9 April 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gamblingnews.com/news/ronaldinho-gaucho-is-the-new-ambassador-of-catimba-fantasy-soccer/ | title=Ronaldinho Gaúcho is the New Ambassador of Catimba Fantasy Soccer | date=6 April 2022 | access-date=16 March 2023 | archive-date=18 April 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418051426/https://www.gamblingnews.com/news/ronaldinho-gaucho-is-the-new-ambassador-of-catimba-fantasy-soccer/amp/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> == Club career statistics == {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |- !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|Regional League !colspan="2"|Cup !colspan="2"|Continental !colspan="2"|Other !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="5"|[[Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense|Grêmio]]<ref name="Stats">{{cite book |last=Bocci |first=Alessandra |date=2011 |title=Il calcio di Ronaldinho ai raggi X |publisher=[[La Gazzetta dello Sport]] |pages=94–95 |language=it}}</ref><ref name="GremioStats">{{cite web |title=Ronaldo de Assis Moreira |url=https://www.gremiopedia.com/wiki/Ronaldo_de_Assis_Moreira |website=Gremiopedia |language=pt |access-date=4 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104173057/https://www.gremiopedia.com/wiki/Ronaldo_de_Assis_Moreira |archive-date=4 November 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |[[1998 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|1998]] |rowspan="4"|[[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|Brasileirão]] |14||1||7<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CampeonatoGaucho">Appearances in the [[Campeonato Gaúcho]]</ref>||2||2<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CopaBrasil">Appearances in the [[Copa do Brasil]]</ref>||0||15<ref group="lower-alpha">Ten appearances and one goal in the [[Copa Libertadores]], five appearances and two goals in the [[Copa Mercosur]]</ref>||3||colspan="2"|—||38||6 |- |[[1999 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|1999]] |17||4||17<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CampeonatoGaucho" />||15||3<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CopaBrasil" />||0||4<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in the [[Copa Mercosur]]</ref>||2||6<ref group="lower-alpha">Four appearances in the [[Copa Sul-Minas|Copa Sul]], two appearances and one goal in the [[:pt:Seletiva para a Libertadores|Seletiva Libertadores]]</ref>||1||47||22 |- |[[Copa João Havelange|2000]] |21||14||13<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CampeonatoGaucho" />||11||3<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CopaBrasil" />||3||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||37||28 |- |[[2001 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|2001]] |colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||3<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in the [[Copa Sul-Minas]]</ref>||2||3||2 |- !colspan="2"|Total !52!!19!!37!!28!!8!!3!!19!!5!!9!!3!!125!!58 |- |rowspan="3"|[[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]]<ref name="Stats2">{{cite web |title=Ronaldinho |url=http://thetopforward.com/view?id=167 |website=The Top Forward |access-date=2 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401192948/http://thetopforward.com/view?id=167 |archive-date=1 April 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="NFT stats">{{cite web|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/1025/Ronaldinho_Gaucho.html|title=Ronaldinho Gaúcho|first=Benjamin|last=Strack-Zimmermann|website=national-football-teams.com}}</ref> |[[2001–02 Paris Saint-Germain F.C. season|2001–02]] |rowspan="2"|[[Ligue 1|Division 1]] |28||9||colspan="2"|—||6<ref group="lower-alpha">Four appearances and two goals in the [[Coupe de la Ligue]], two appearances in the [[Coupe de France]]</ref>||2||6<ref group="lower-alpha" name="UEFACup">Appearances in the [[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup]]</ref>||2||colspan="2"|—||40||13 |- |[[2002–03 Ligue 1|2002–03]] |27||8||colspan="2"|—||6<ref group="lower-alpha">One appearance the [[Coupe de la Ligue]], five appearances and three goals in the [[Coupe de France]]</ref>||3||4<ref group="lower-alpha" name="UEFACup" />||1||colspan="2"|—||37||12 |- !colspan="2"|Total !55!!17!!colspan="2"|—!!12!!5!!10!!3!!colspan="2"|—!!77!!25 |- |rowspan="6"|[[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]<ref name="Stats" /><ref name="Stats2" /><ref name="NFT stats" /> |[[2003–04 FC Barcelona season|2003–04]] |rowspan="5"|[[La Liga]] |32||15||colspan="2"|—||6<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CopaRey">Appearances in the [[Copa del Rey]]</ref>||3||7<ref group="lower-alpha" name="UEFACup" />||4||colspan="2"|—||45||22 |- |[[2004–05 FC Barcelona season|2004–05]] |35||9||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||7<ref group="lower-alpha" name="ChampionsLeague">Appearances in the [[UEFA Champions League]]</ref>||4||colspan="2"|—||42||13 |- |[[2005–06 FC Barcelona season|2005–06]] |29||17||colspan="2"|—||2<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CopaRey" />||1||12<ref group="lower-alpha" name="ChampionsLeague" />||7||2<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in the [[Supercopa de España]]</ref>||1||45||26 |- |[[2006–07 FC Barcelona season|2006–07]] |32||21||colspan="2"|—||4<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CopaRey" />||0||8<ref group="lower-alpha" name="ChampionsLeague" />||2||5<ref group="lower-alpha">Two appearances in the [[Supercopa de España]], one appearance in the [[UEFA Super Cup]], two appearances and one goal in the [[FIFA Club World Cup]]</ref>||1||49||24 |- |[[2007–08 FC Barcelona season|2007–08]] |17||8||colspan="2"|—||1<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CopaRey" />||0||8<ref group="lower-alpha" name="ChampionsLeague" />||1||colspan="2"|—||26||9 |- !colspan="2"|Total !145!!70!!colspan="2"|—!!13!!4!!42!!18!!7!!2!!207!!94 |- |rowspan="4"|[[A.C. Milan|Milan]]<ref name="Stats" /><ref name="Stats2" /><ref name="NFT stats" /> |[[2008–09 A.C. Milan season|2008–09]] |rowspan="3"|[[Serie A]] |29||8||colspan="2"|—||1<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearance in the [[Coppa Italia]]</ref>||0||6<ref group="lower-alpha" name="UEFACup" />||2||colspan="2"|—||36||10 |- |[[2009–10 A.C. Milan season|2009–10]] |36||12||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||7<ref group="lower-alpha" name="ChampionsLeague" />||3||colspan="2"|—||43||15 |- |[[2010–11 A.C. Milan season|2010–11]] |11||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||5<ref group="lower-alpha" name="ChampionsLeague" />||1||colspan="2"|—||16||1 |- !colspan="2"|Total !76!!20!!colspan="2"|—!!1!!0!!18!!6!!colspan="2"|—!!95!!26 |- |rowspan="3"|[[Clube de Regatas do Flamengo|Flamengo]]<ref name="Stats2" /><ref name="Soccerway">{{cite web|title=Ronaldinho Gaúcho|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/ronaldo-de-assis-moreira/150/|website=Soccerway}}</ref><ref name="NFT stats" /> |[[2011 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|2011]] |rowspan="2"|[[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|Brasileirão]] |31||14||13<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CampeonatoCarioca">Appearances in the [[Campeonato Carioca]]</ref>||4||5<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CopaBrasil" />||1||3<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in the [[Copa Sudamericana]]</ref>||2||colspan="2"|—||52||21 |- |[[2012 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|2012]] |2||1||10<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CampeonatoCarioca" />||4||colspan="2"|—||8<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CopaLibertadores">Appearances in the [[Copa Libertadores]]</ref>||2||colspan="2"|—||20||7 |- !colspan="2"|Total !33!!15!!23!!8!!5!!1!!11!!4!!colspan="2"|—!!72!!28 |- |rowspan="4"|[[Clube Atlético Mineiro|Atlético Mineiro]]<ref name="Stats2" /><ref name="Soccerway" /><ref name="NFT stats" /> |[[2012 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|2012]] |rowspan="3"|[[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|Brasileirão]] |32||9||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||32||9 |- |[[2013 Clube Atlético Mineiro season|2013]] |14||7||6<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CampeonatoMineiro">Appearances in the [[Campeonato Mineiro]]</ref>||4||2<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CopaBrasil" />||0||14<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CopaLibertadores" />||4||2<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in the [[FIFA Club World Cup]]</ref>||2||38||17 |- |[[2014 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|2014]] |2||0||4<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CampeonatoMineiro" />||0||colspan="2"|—||7<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CopaLibertadores" />||1||2<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in the [[Recopa Sudamericana]]</ref>||0||15||1 |- !colspan="2"|Total !48!!16!!10!!4!!2!!0!!21!!5!!4!!2!!85!!27 |- |[[Querétaro F.C.|Querétaro]]<ref name="Stats2" /><ref name="NFT stats" /><ref name="Soccerway" /> |[[2014–15 Liga MX season|2014–15]] |[[Liga MX]] |25||8||colspan="2"|—||4<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in the [[Copa MX]]</ref>||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||29||8 |- |[[Fluminense FC|Fluminense]]<ref name="Stats2" /><ref name="NFT stats" /><ref name="Soccerway" /> |[[2015 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|2015]] |[[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|Brasileirão]] |7||0||colspan="2"|—||2<ref group="lower-alpha" name="CopaBrasil" />||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||9||0 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !441!!165!!70!!40!!47!!13!!121!!41!!20!!7!!700!!266 |} {{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}} == International career statistics == '''Source:'''<ref name="RSSSF">{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/ronaldinho-intlg.html|title=Ronaldo de Assis Moreira "Ronaldinho" - Goals in International Matches|website=rsssf.com}}</ref> {{Football player national team statistics|BRA}} |- |1999||13||7 |- |2000||5||1 |- |2001||4||1 |- |2002||10||4 |- |2003||8||2 |- |2004||10||6 |- |2005||12||6 |- |2006||9||0 |- |2007||11||5 |- |2008||2||0 |- |2009||3||0 |- |2010||1||0 |- |2011||5||1 |- |2012||1||0 |- |2013||3||0 |- !Total||97||33 |} === International goals === : ''Scores and results list Brazil's goal tally first.''<ref name="RSSSF" /> {| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="text-align: left;" ! scope="col" |{{Abbr|No.|Number}} ! scope="col" |Cap ! scope="col" |Date ! scope="col" |Venue ! scope="col" |Opponent ! scope="col" |Score ! scope="col" |Result ! scope="col" |Competition ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- ! scope="row" |1 | align="center" |2 |30 June 1999 |[[Estadio Antonio Aranda]], [[Ciudad del Este]], Paraguay |{{fb|VEN|1954}} | align="center" |5–0|| align="center" {{won|5–0}} |[[1999 Copa América]] | rowspan="7" |<ref>{{cite web|date=10 August 2020|title=Seleção Brasileira (Brazilian National Team) 1998–1999|url=https://rsssfbrasil.com/sel/brazil199899.htm|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219110149/https://rsssfbrasil.com/sel/brazil199899.htm|archivedate=19 December 2020|access-date=19 December 2020|website=[[RSSSF|Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]]}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |2 | align="center" |6 |24 July 1999 | rowspan="6" |[[Estadio Jalisco]], [[Guadalajara]], Mexico |{{fb|GER}} | align="center" |2–0|| align="center" {{won|4–0}} | rowspan="6" |[[1999 FIFA Confederations Cup]] |- ! scope="row" |3 | align="center" |7 |28 July 1999 |{{fb|USA}} | align="center" |1–0|| align="center" {{won|1–0}} |- ! scope="row" |4 | align="center" |8 |30 July 1999 |{{fb|NZL}} | align="center" |2–0|| align="center" {{won|2–0}} |- ! scope="row" |5 | rowspan="3" align="center" |9 | rowspan="3" |1 August 1999 | rowspan="3" |{{fb|SAU}} | align="center" |2–0|| rowspan="3" align="center" {{won|8–2}} |- ! scope="row" |6 | align="center" |6–2 |- ! scope="row" |7 | align="center" |8–2 |- ! scope="row" |8 | align="center" |14 |23 February 2000 |[[Rajamangala Stadium]], [[Bangkok]], Thailand |{{fb|THA}} | align="center" |3–0|| align="center" {{won|7–0}} | rowspan="3" |[[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]] | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web|date=14 October 2020|title=Seleção Brasileira (Brazilian National Team) 2000–2001|url=https://rsssfbrasil.com/sel/brazil200001.htm|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219110316/https://rsssfbrasil.com/sel/brazil200001.htm|archivedate=19 December 2020|access-date=19 December 2020|website=[[RSSSF|Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]]}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |9 | align="center" |19 |3 March 2001 |[[Rose Bowl (stadium)|Rose Bowl Stadium]], [[Pasadena, California|Pasadena]], United States |{{fb|USA}} | align="center" |1–0|| align="center" {{won|2–1}} |- ! scope="row" |10 | align="center" |24 |17 April 2002 |[[Estádio da Luz]], [[Lisbon]], Portugal |{{fb|POR}} | align="center" |1–1|| align="center" {{pending|1–1}} | rowspan="6" |<ref>{{cite web|date=10 August 2020|title=Seleção Brasileira (Brazilian National Team) 2002–2003|url=https://rsssfbrasil.com/sel/brazil200203.htm|access-date=19 December 2020|website=[[RSSSF|Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219111638/https://rsssfbrasil.com/sel/brazil200203.htm|archivedate=19 December 2020}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |11 | align="center" |27 |8 June 2002 |[[Jeju World Cup Stadium]], [[Seogwipo]], South Korea |{{fb|CHN}} | align="center" |3–0|| align="center" {{won|4–0}} | rowspan="2" |[[2002 FIFA World Cup]] |- ! scope="row" |12 | align="center" |29 |21 June 2002 |[[Shizuoka Stadium]], [[Fukuroi, Shizuoka|Shizuoka]], Japan |{{fb|ENG}} | align="center" |2–1|| align="center" {{won|2–1}} |- ! scope="row" |13 | align="center" |32 |20 November 2002 |[[Seoul World Cup Stadium]], [[Seoul]], South Korea |{{fb|KOR}} | align="center" |3–2|| align="center" {{won|3–2}} | rowspan="2" |[[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]] |- ! scope="row" |14 | align="center" |34 |29 March 2003 |[[Estádio das Antas]], [[Porto]], Portugal |{{fb|POR}} | align="center" |1–1|| align="center" {{lost|1–2}} |- ! scope="row" |15 | align="center" |40 |10 September 2003 |[[Vivaldão]], [[Manaus]], Brazil |{{fb|ECU}} | align="center" |1-0|| align="center" {{won|1–0}} |[[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- ! scope="row" |16 | align="center" |43 |28 April 2004 |[[Ferenc Puskás Stadium (1953)|Ferenc Puskás Stadium]], [[Budapest]], Hungary |{{fb|HUN}} | align="center" |4–1|| align="center" {{won|4–1}} | rowspan="4" |[[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]] | rowspan="12" |<ref>{{cite web|date=10 August 2020|title=Seleção Brasileira (Brazilian National Team) 2004–2005|url=https://rsssfbrasil.com/sel/brazil200405.htm|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219111927/https://rsssfbrasil.com/sel/brazil200405.htm|archivedate=19 December 2020|access-date=19 December 2020|website=[[RSSSF|Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]]}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |17 | rowspan="3" align="center" |45 | rowspan="3" |18 August 2004 | rowspan="3" |[[Stade Sylvio Cator]], [[Port-au-Prince]], Haiti | rowspan="3" |{{fb|HAI}} | align="center" |2–0|| rowspan="3" align="center" {{won|6–0}} |- ! scope="row" |18 | align="center" |4–0 |- ! scope="row" |19 | align="center" |5–0 |- ! scope="row" |20 | align="center" |46 |5 September 2004 |[[Estádio do Morumbi]], [[São Paulo]], Brazil |{{fb|BOL}} | align="center" |2–0|| align="center" {{won|3–1}} |2006 FIFA World Cup qualification |- ! scope="row" |21 | align="center" |47 |8 September 2004 |[[Olympiastadion (Berlin)|Olympiastadion]], [[Berlin]], Germany |{{fb|GER}} | align="center" |1–1|| align="center" {{pending|1–1}} | rowspan="2" |[[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]] |- ! scope="row" |22 | align="center" |51 |9 February 2005 |[[Hong Kong Stadium]], [[Hong Kong]] |{{fb|HKG}} | align="center" |4–0|| align="center" {{won|7–1}} |- ! scope="row" |23 | rowspan="2" align="center" |54 | rowspan="2" |5 June 2005 | rowspan="2" |[[Estádio Beira-Rio]], [[Porto Alegre]], Brazil | rowspan="2" |{{fb|PAR|1990}} | align="center" |1–0|| rowspan="2" align="center" {{won|4–1}} | rowspan="2" |2006 FIFA World Cup qualification |- ! scope="row" |24 | align="center" |2–0 |- ! scope="row" |25 | align="center" |58 |22 June 2005 |[[RheinEnergieStadion]], [[Cologne]], Germany |{{fb|JPN}} | align="center" |2–1|| align="center" {{pending|2–2}} | rowspan="2" |[[2005 FIFA Confederations Cup]] |- ! scope="row" |26 | align="center" |59 |25 June 2005 |[[Frankenstadion]], [[Nuremberg]], Germany |{{fb|GER}} | align="center" |2–1|| align="center" {{won|3–2}} |- ! scope="row" |27 | align="center" |60 |29 June 2005 |[[Waldstadion (Frankfurt)|Waldstadion]], [[Frankfurt]], Germany |{{fb|ARG}} | align="center" |3–0|| align="center" {{won|4–1}} |[[2005 FIFA Confederations Cup Final]] |- ! scope="row" |28 | rowspan="2" align="center" |72 | rowspan="2" |24 March 2007 | rowspan="2" |[[Ullevi]], [[Gothenburg]], Sweden | rowspan="2" |{{fb|CHI}} | align="center" |1–0|| rowspan="2" align="center" {{won|4–0}} | rowspan="4" |[[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]] | rowspan="5" |<ref>{{cite web|date=10 August 2020|title=Seleção Brasileira (Brazilian National Team) 2006–2007|url=https://rsssfbrasil.com/sel/brazil200607.htm|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219112029/https://rsssfbrasil.com/sel/brazil200607.htm|archivedate=19 December 2020|access-date=19 December 2020|website=[[RSSSF|Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]]}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |29 | align="center" |3–0 |- ! scope="row" |30 | align="center" |76 |22 August 2007 |[[Stade de la Mosson]], [[Montpellier]], France |{{fb|ALG}} | align="center" |2–0|| align="center" {{won|2–0}} |- ! scope="row" |31 | align="center" |77 |9 September 2007 |[[Soldier Field]], [[Chicago]], United States |{{fb|USA}} | align="center" |3–2|| align="center" {{won|4–2}} |- ! scope="row" |32 | align="center" |80 |17 October 2007 |[[Maracanã Stadium|Estádio do Maracanã]], [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil |{{fb|ECU}} | align="center" |2–0|| align="center" {{won|5–0}} |[[2010 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2010 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- ! scope="row" |33 | align="center" |93 |11 October 2011 |[[Estadio Corona]], [[Torreón]], Mexico |{{fb|MEX}} | align="center" |1–1|| align="center" {{won|2–1}} |[[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]] |<ref>{{cite web|date=10 August 2020|title=Seleção Brasileira (Brazilian National Team) 2010–2011|url=https://rsssfbrasil.com/sel/brazil201011.htm|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219112145/https://rsssfbrasil.com/sel/brazil201011.htm|archivedate=19 December 2020|access-date=19 December 2020|website=[[RSSSF|Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]]}}</ref> |} == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commons category|Ronaldinho Gaúcho}} {{Wikiquote}} * {{MedioTiempo|id=ronaldinho}} * {{FIFA player}} * [http://www.football-lineups.com/players/player.php?route=11 Tactical Profile] – Football-Lineups.com * [https://www.rsssf.org/players/ec1winningsquads.html European Champions Cup/UEFA Champions League Winning Squads] * {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306020311/http://www.ronaldinhogaucho.com/ |date=6 March 2010 |title=Ronaldinho Gaúcho official website}} {{in lang|es|pt|en|it}} * [https://www.fcbarcelona.com/club/history/card/ronaldo-de-assis-moreira-ronaldinho Ronaldinho profile] at the official [[FC Barcelona]] website * {{Soccerbase}} * {{Twitter}} {{Navboxes |title = Brazil squads |bg = #FBEC5D |fg = #008000 |list1 = {{Brazil squad 1999 Copa América}} {{Brazil squad 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup}} {{Brazil men's football squad 2000 Summer Olympics}} {{Brazil squad 2002 FIFA World Cup}} {{Brazil squad 2003 FIFA Confederations Cup}} {{Brazil squad 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup}} {{Brazil squad 2006 FIFA World Cup}} {{Brazil men's football squad 2008 Summer Olympics}} }} {{Navboxes |title= Awards |bg= gold |fg= navy |list1= <!--{{2002 FIFA World Cup Team of the Tournament}} {{FIFA Confederations Cup awards}} {{2004 UEFA Team of the Year}} {{2005 UEFA Team of the Year}} {{2006 UEFA Team of the Year}} {{1999 South American Team of the Year}} {{2012 South American Team of the Year}} {{2013 South American Team of the Year}} {{2011 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A Team of the Year}} {{2012 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A Team of the Year}} {{Golden Foot winners}} {{FIFPro awards}} {{UEFA Club Football Awards}} {{Trofeo EFE}} {{Ligue 1 Goal of the Year}} {{Sports Illustrated Soccer 2000s All-Decade Team}}--> {{King Fahd Cup / FIFA Confederations Cup winning captains}} {{2000 Bola de Prata}} {{2011 Bola de Prata}} {{2012 Bola de Prata}} {{Ballon d'Or recipients}} {{FIFA Player of the Year}} {{Onze Mondial European Footballer of the Year}} {{South American Footballer of the Year}} {{Bola de Ouro}} {{UEFA Club Footballer of the Year}} {{La Liga Foreign Player of the Year}} {{FIFA 100}} {{Ballon d'Or Dream Team}} {{Brazilian Football Museum Hall of Fame}} }} {{sports-bio-stub}} [[Category:1980 births]] [[Category:Footballers from Porto Alegre]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:FIFA World Cup players]] [[Category:Ballon d'Or winners]] [[Category:FIFA World Player of the Year winners]] [[Category:FC Barcelona players]] pmev8livyljzn3sf4z9u6k21sz776xb 0 136867 10368668 10253567 2025-07-03T01:55:32Z 173.72.253.10 /* A Metaphor */ I removed the word "the" to make the metaphor grammatically correct. 10368668 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Public key encryption.svg|thumb|In an asymmetric key encryption scheme, anyone can encrypt messages using the public key, but only the holder of the paired private key can decrypt. Security depends on the private key being kept secret.]] '''Public-key [[cryptography]]''', also called '''asymmetric cryptography''', is a [[communication]] where people send messages that can only be read by those who have the key. == A Metaphor == This kind of cryptography is like two magical paper shredders. Each can shred messages that only the other can unshred. == Explanation == In public key cryptography, each user has a pair of [[Key (cryptography)|cryptographic keys]], which are long strings of random data. One of the keys is public, and can be shared with anyone, even bad actors. One of the keys is private, and must be kept secret. Information encrypted with the public key can be decrypted with the private key, and vice versa. Incoming messages are [[Encryption|encrypted]] with the ''recipient's public key'' and can only be decrypted with their corresponding private key. The keys are related mathematically, but it is nearly impossible to get a private key from a public key. The two main branches of public key cryptography are: * '''Public key encryption''': a message encrypted with a ''recipient's public key'' cannot be decrypted except by the ''recipient private key''. This is used to ensure [[secrecy]]. * [[Digital signature|'''Digital signatures''']]: a message signed with a sender's private key can be verified by anyone who has the sender's public key. So if the sender signed the message no one can alter it. This is used to ensure [[authentication|authenticity]]. They are often used together on the same message. ==Related pages== * [[Symmetric-key algorithm]] * [[RSA algorithm]] {{Cryptography public-key}} {{Cryptography navbox}} {{math-stub}} [[Category:Cryptography]] 9qd62s6d0wdhha6xdxg3lp7kdam7st2 0 140700 10369157 10335924 2025-07-03T08:07:06Z 180.150.36.182 10369157 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = Hawk Nelson | image = HawkNelson-WonderJam09.jpg | caption = Hawk Nelson performing at Wonder Jam (June 2009) | image_size = 250 | landscape = yes | background = group_or_band | origin = [[Peterborough, Ontario]], Canada | genre = [[Pop punk]],<ref>{{cite web | url=http://sputnikmusic.com/bands/Hawk-Nelson/3473/ | title=Hawk Nelson reviews, music, news - sputnikmusic }}</ref> [[Christian rock]]<!--Provide sources before adding Genres--> | years_active = 2003–2020 | label = [[Tooth & Nail Records|Tooth & Nail]], [[BEC Recordings|BEC]], [[Fair Trade Services]] | associated_acts = [[Thousand Foot Krutch]] | website = {{URL|http://www.hawknelson.com/}} | current_members = [[Jonathan Steingard]]<br />Daniel Biro<br />Justin Benner | past_members = Davin Clark<br />Matt "Matty" Paige<br />Aaron "Skwid" Tosti<br />Jason Dunn }} '''Hawk Nelson''' is a [[Christian rock]] [[band]] from [[Peterborough, Ontario|Peterborough]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]]. The band was started in 2003. The band has released three [[album]]s and several [[Extended Play|EPs]]. Their latest album is ''[[Hawk Nelson Is My Friend]]''. As a band Hawk Nelson have [[concert|toured]] much. In the spring of 2008, they were the main band on the Green T-tour along with the bands [[Capital Lights]] and [[Run Kid Run]]. Hawk Nelson played [[music]] without help when they first started. They later signed to the [[record label]] [[Tooth & Nail Records]]. The band became quite popular in their music scene and have some charted [[single (music)|singles]]. A good amount of their music was made with help from [[Trevor McNevan]] from [[Fm static]] ==Albums== {| class="wikitable" !'''Release Date''' !'''Album Title''' !'''[[Record label|Record Label]]''' |- |July 13, 2004 |''[[Letters to the President]]'' |[[Tooth & Nail Records]] |- |April 4, 2006 |''[[Smile, It's the End of the World]]'' |[[Tooth & Nail Records]] |- |April 1, 2008 |''[[Hawk Nelson Is My Friend]]'' |[[Tooth & Nail Records]]/[[BEC Recordings]] |} ==EPs== {| class="wikitable" !'''Year''' !'''EP Title''' !'''[[Record label|Record Label]]''' !'''Details''' |- |2003 |''[[Saturday Rock Action]]'' |''none'' |Band's debut EP |- |2004 |''California EP'' |[[Tooth & Nail Records]] |Second EP leading up to debut album |- |2005 |''[[Bring 'Em Out]]'' |[[Tooth & Nail Records]] |Third EP bridging first and second album,<br> Digital EP only available on [[iTunes Store]] |- |November 21, 2006 |''[[Gloria EP]]'' |[[Tooth & Nail Records]] |Fourth EP, featuring [[Christmas]] songs |} ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Canadian rock bands]] [[Category:Canadian punk bands]] [[Category:Pop punk bands]] [[Category:Christian music bands]] [[Category:Musical groups established in 2003]] [[Category:2003 establishments in Canada]] mk14yinv121c4nru25xtqf5te8c38jh 0 142972 10369028 9794339 2025-07-03T05:48:48Z Julipero 1604351 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 10369028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox astronaut | name = Valentina Tereshkova | image = The Soviet Union 1963 CPA 2890 stamp (Second 'Team' Manned Space Flight. Portrait of Valentina Tereshkova).jpg | caption = 1963 [[USSR]] postage stamp depicting Valentina Tereshkova | type = Cosmonaut | nationality = [[Russia]]n | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1937|03|06}} | birth_place = [[Yaroslavl Oblast]], [[USSR]] | occupation = [[Aviator|Pilot]] | rank = [[Major General]], [[Soviet Air Force]] | selection = [[List of astronauts by selection#1962|Female Group]] | time = 2d 22h 50m | mission = [[Vostok 6]] | insignia = ||birth_name=Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova|native_name_lang=Russian|native_name=Валенти́на Влади́мировна Терешко́ва}} '''Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova''' ({{lang-ru|Валенти́на Влади́мировна Терешко́ва}}; born 6 March 1937), is a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[retire]]d [[astronaut|cosmonaut]]. She was the first woman to fly in [[outer space|space]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Pallab |title=Valentina Tereshkova: USSR was 'worried' about women in space |url= https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-34270395 |publisher=BBC |accessdate=13 October 2016 |date=17 September 2015}}</ref> aboard [[Vostok 6]] (one of [[Vostok (rocket)|Vostok rocket]]) on 16 June 1963. She and four others were chosen out of more than 400 other women to fly in space.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hawkins |first=Alexander |title= Valentina Tereshkova |url= https://avauntmagazine.com/valentina-tereshkova |publisher=Avaunt |accessdate=13 October 2016|date=12 July 2016}}</ref> == Political activity == In 2011, she was elected to the [[State Duma]] of Russia from the [[United Russia]] party on the Yaroslavl regional list. Tereshkova, together with Elena Mizulina, Irina Yarovaya and Andrey Skoch,<ref>[https://www.dp.ru/a/2023/06/07/skoch-andrej-vladimirovich Андрей Владимирович Скоч — депутат Госдумы, меценат и общественный деятель. (dp.ru)]</ref><ref>[https://stories-of-success.ru/armiya-gosudarstvo/andrey-skoch-karera-socialnye-proekty Скоч Андрей Владимирович — депутат Государственной думы Российской Федерации шести созывов. (stories-of-success.ru)]</ref><ref>[https://theperson.pro/biografiya-deputata-i-rukovoditelya-fonda-pokolenie-andreya-skocha/ Биография депутата и руководителя фонда «Поколение» Андрея Скоча (theperson.pro)]</ref> is a member of an inter-factional deputy group for the protection of Christian values; in this capacity, she supported the introduction of amendments to the Russian Constitution, according to which, "Orthodoxy is the basis of the national and cultural identity of Russia." Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Federal Structure and Local Self-Government since December 21, 2011. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{bio-stub}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tereshkova, Valentina}} [[Category:1937 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Cosmonauts]] [[Category:Recipients of the Order of Lenin]] [[Category:Yaroslavl Oblast]] [[Category:Members of the State Duma]] oz3nrgv73s6uctqdvp82hr372qkar9m 0 143141 10368812 10366593 2025-07-03T03:06:33Z Tatsuyanonaka 1636019 corrected the birth year 10368812 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Céline Dion | honorific_suffix = CC ChLD OQ | image = Female guest at a U.S.Embassy in Canada, 2024 (cropped).jpg | caption = Dion in 2024 | image_size = | birth_name = Céline Marie Claudette Dion | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1968|3|30}} | birth_place = [[Charlemagne, Quebec|Charlemagne]], [[Quebec]], [[Canada]] | spouse = [[René Angélil]] ({{abbr|m.|married}} {{abbr|1994|30 December 1994}}–{{abbr|2016|14 January 2016}}; his death) | children = 3 | net_worth = US $380 million<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bankrate.com/lifestyle/celebrity-money/celine-dions-net-worth-lets-talk-about-love-and-her-money/|website=Bankrate|last=Strohm|first=Mitch|title=Celine Dion Net Worth|date=2016-11-22|access-date=2018-05-17}}</ref> | occupation = {{hlist|Singer<ref name=Brit>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Celine Dion (Canadian Singer)|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/164189/Celine-Dion|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]]|accessdate=25 January 2014}}</ref>|composer|actress<ref>{{cite book|last=Beaunoyer|first=Jean|title=René Angélil: The Making of Céline Dion: the Unauthorized Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vME4TPh1RXwC&pg=PA233|accessdate=25 January 2014|year=2004|publisher=Dundurn|isbn=978-1-55002-489-0|page=233}}</ref>}} | height = 171 cm | misc = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | background = solo_singer | origin = [[Charlemagne, Quebec|Charlemagne]], [[Quebec]], [[Canada]] | instrument = Vocals | genre = {{hlist|[[Pop music|Pop]]|[[dance music|dance]]|[[rock music|rock]]|[[adult contemporary music|adult contemporary]]|[[pop rock]]|[[soft rock]]|[[alternative rock]]}} | years_active = 1980–present | label = {{hlist|[[Epic Records|Epic]]|[[550 Music|550]]|[[Columbia Records|Columbia]]}} | website = {{URL|celinedion.com}} }} }} '''Céline Marie Claudette Dion''', {{Small|CC}} {{Small|[[Legion of Honour|ChLD]]}} {{small|[[Order of Quebec|OQ]]}} ({{IPA-fr|selin djɔ̃|-|Fr-Céline-Dion.oga}}; born March 30, 1968) Is a [[Canadians|Canadian]] singer. She is mostly known for the song "[[My Heart Will Go On]]", which was made for the film [[Titanic (1997 movie)|''Titanic'']]. This song won the [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]]. Dion became famous internationally in [[1988]] after winning the [[Eurovision Song Contest]]. ==Personal life== === Family === She was born in the town of [[Charlemagne, Quebec]], [[Canada]]. She is the youngest of 14 children. Her parents were television personality Thérèse Dion (1927&ndash;2020) and businessman Adhémar Dion (1923–2003). === Marriage and children === On December 30, 1994, Dion married her manager [[René Angélil]]. They have three sons: René-Charles Angélil (born on January 25, 2001), and twins Eddy Angélil and Nelson Angélil (born on October 23, 2010). René died on January 14, 2016 from cancer. Her older brother, Daniel, died from cancer two days later, on what would have been Angélil's 74th birthday. == Career == When she was 12 years old, her brother sent a recording to a manager named René Angélil. With his help, she released her first album in 1981, and her first [[English language|English]] album in 1990. Dion first had international recognition in the 1980s. She won both the 1982 [[Yamaha (manufacturer)|Yamaha]] [[World Popular Song Festival]] and the 1988 [[Eurovision Song Contest]] where she represented [[Switzerland]].<ref name="Bliss">Bliss, Karen. "25 Years of Canadian Artists." ''Canadian Musician''. March 1, 2004, p. 34. {{ISSN|0708-9635}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Eurovision Song Contest 1988|url=http://www.eurovision.tv/page/history/by-year/contest?event=304|publisher=European Broadcasting Union|accessdate=September 24, 2012}}</ref> Her popularity continued through the [[1990s]]. She recorded the song "[[My Heart Will Go On]]" for the film [[Titanic (1997 movie)|''Titanic'']]. In 2007, she performed a show with [[Elvis Presley]], which was arranged on the computer with old images from Elvis shows. It had been arranged for the TV show ''[[American Idol]]''. She has sold the most albums in the world for a female artist. For that, she received a special [[World Music Award]] in 2004.<ref>[http://www.canada.com/topics/news/story.html?id=90da7aa0-f97e-4bc1-9985-1fb521cf0d5e&k=20045 Celine Dion honoured by World Music Awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016234519/http://www.canada.com/topics/news/story.html?id=90da7aa0-f97e-4bc1-9985-1fb521cf0d5e&k=20045 |date=2014-10-16 }} ''Canada.com'' Retrieved December 1, 2010</ref><ref>[http://www.ctv.ca/CTVNews/Entertainment/20040914/dion_award040914/ World Music Awards to honor Celine Dion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305004129/http://www.ctv.ca/CTVNews/Entertainment/20040914/dion_award040914/ |date=2012-03-05 }} ''CTV News'' Retrieved December 1, 2010</ref> She has also sold the most French albums with 7 million copies. Dion is the best-selling Canadian artist of all time.<ref>"[http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/miscellaneous-retail-retail-stores-not/4599216-1.html Dion Named All-time Best-selling Canadian Act] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926131934/http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/miscellaneous-retail-retail-stores-not/4599216-1.html |date=2010-09-26 }}". (2000-1-06). Allbusiness. Retrieved October 12, 2009.</ref><ref>Learn, Josh "[http://media.www.brockpress.com/media/storage/paper384/news/2009/03/10/ArtsEntertainment/High-Fidelity.Top.Selling.Canadian.Artists-3666963.shtml High Fidelity: Top Selling Canadian Artists] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015070747/http://media.www.brockpress.com/media/storage/paper384/news/2009/03/10/ArtsEntertainment/High-Fidelity.Top.Selling.Canadian.Artists-3666963.shtml |date=2009-10-15 }}". ''The Brock Press''. Retrieved October 12, 2009.</ref> In 2018, Dion released the song "Ashes", which appears on the soundtrack to the film ''Deadpool 2'', starring fellow Canadian [[Ryan Reynolds]]. ==Discography== {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} '''French-language studio albums''' *1969 or 1972: ''[[La voix du bon Dieu]]'' *1969 or 1972: ''[[Céline Dion chante Noël]]'' *1970 or 1973: ''[[Tellement j'ai d'amour...]]'' *1971 or 1974: ''[[Les chemins de ma maison]]'' *1971 or 1974: ''[[Chants et contes de Noël]]'' *1972 or 1975: ''[[Mélanie (album)|Mélanie]]'' *1973 or 1976: ''[[C'est pour toi]]'' *1975 or 1978: ''[[Incognito (Celine Dion album)|Incognito]]'' *1991: ''[[Dion chante Plamondon]]'' *1995: ''[[D'eux]]'' *1998: ''[[S'il suffisait d'aimer]]'' *2003: ''[[1 fille & 4 types]]'' *2007: ''[[D'elles]]'' *2012: ''[[Sans attendre]]'' {{col-2}} '''English-language studio albums''' *1990: ''[[Unison (Celine Dion album)|Unison]]'' *1992: ''[[Celine Dion (album)|Celine Dion]]'' *1993: ''[[The Colour of My Love]]'' *1996: ''[[Falling into You]]'' *1997: ''[[Let's Talk About Love]]'' *1998: ''[[These Are Special Times]]'' *2002: ''[[A New Day Has Come]]'' *2003: ''[[One Heart]]'' *2004: ''[[Miracle (Celine Dion album)|Miracle]]'' *2007: ''[[Taking Chances]]'' *2013: ''[[Loved Me Back to Life]]'' {{col-end}} ==References== {{Reflist}} == Other websites == {{Sister project links|s=no|commons=Category:Celine Dion|wikt=no|b=no|q=Céline Dion|n=no|v=no}} <!--Please, do not add fansites, as per [[WP:''not'']]--> * {{Official website}} operated by Sony Music Canada {{in lang|en|fr}} * [https://www.youtube.com/user/CelineDionTV?ob=1 Celine Dion YouTube Channel] * {{facebook|celinedion}} * [http://www.wn.com/Celine_Dion Celine Dion] at WN *[{{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p4099|pure_url=yes}} Celine Dion] at [[Allmusic]] * [http://www.billboard.com/artist/celine-dion/4468 Celine Dion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630160629/http://www.billboard.com/artist/celine-dion/4468 |date=2012-06-30 }} at [[Billboard.com]] * {{IMDb name|id=0001144|name=Céline Dion}} * [http://www.fao.org/getinvolved/ambassadors/ambassadors/ambassadors-celinedion/en/ FAO Goodwill Ambassador website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720162821/http://www.fao.org/getinvolved/ambassadors/ambassadors/ambassadors-celinedion/en/ |date=2012-07-20 }} {{American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dion, Celine}} [[Category:Celine Dion| ]] [[Category:1968 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Canadian pop singers]] [[Category:Canadian child singers]] [[Category:Eurovision Song Contest winners]] [[Category:Musicians from Quebec]] 6c392iw098bgdsw8chuhvc2pm0yb8db 0 149765 10368963 9051831 2025-07-03T04:49:39Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 typo: duplication 10368963 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name = New Stuyahok |native_name = Cetuyaraq | native_name_lang = esu |settlement_type = [[City]] |nickname = |motto = <!-- Images --> |image_skyline = Street view of New Stuyahok, Alaska 12-Jan-2016.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = A street level view of New Stuyahok, Alaska |image_flag = |image_seal = <!-- Maps --> |pushpin_map = USA Alaska |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Alaska |pushpin_mapsize = 285 <!-- Location --> |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Alaska]] |subdivision_type2 = [[List of boroughs and census areas in Alaska|Census Area]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Dillingham Census Area, Alaska|Dillingham]] |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |established_title = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]] |established_date = November 20, 1972<ref>{{cite journal|title=Directory of Borough and City Officials 1974|journal=Alaska Local Government|volume=XIII|issue=2|page=57|location=Juneau|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development|Alaska Department of Community and Regional Affairs]]|date=January 1974}}</ref> <!-- Area --> |area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_02.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 29, 2021}}</ref> |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 93.12 |area_land_km2 = 87.33 |area_water_km2 = 5.80 |area_total_sq_mi = 35.95 |area_land_sq_mi = 33.72 |area_water_sq_mi = 2.24 <!-- Population --> |population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]] |population_footnotes = <ref name="2020 Census"/> |population_total = 512 |population_density_km2 = 5.86 |population_density_sq_mi = 15.19 |timezone = [[Alaska Time Zone|Alaska (AKST)]] |utc_offset = -9 |timezone_DST = AKDT |utc_offset_DST = -8 |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 42 |elevation_ft = 138 |coordinates = {{coord|59|27|7|N|157|18|44|W|region:US-AK|display=inline}} |postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]] |postal_code = 99636 |area_code = [[Area code 907|907]] |area_code_type = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]] |blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]] |blank_info = 02-53710 |blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID |blank1_info = {{GNIS 4|1406972}} |website = |footnotes = |pop_est_as_of = |pop_est_footnotes = |population_est = |unit_pref = Imperial }} '''New Stuyahok''' is a [[village]] in the [[United States|American]] [[U.S. state|state]] of [[Alaska]]. It is on the [[Nushagak River]]. In 2020 there were 512 people living in New Stuyahok.<ref name="2020 Census">{{Cite web|title=New Stuyahok city, Alaska|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|url=https://data.census.gov/profile?g=160XX00US0253710|access-date=September 7, 2023}}</ref> The name ''Stuyahok'' means "going down river place".<ref name=en>{{cite web |url=http://explorenorth.com/library/communities/alaska/bl-NewStuyahok.htm |title=The History of New Stuyahok, Alaska |accessdate=7 September 2009 |format= |work=ExploreNorth }}</ref> In 2008 a new [[airport]] was built at a cost of $3,000,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gov.state.ak.us/omb/04_OMB/budget/Trans/proj36252.pdf |title=Alaska State Budget |accessdate=7 September 2009 |archive-date=16 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090816134927/http://www.gov.state.ak.us/omb/04_OMB/budget/Trans/proj36252.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The village of New Stuyahok has been moved at least three times. It moved down the river from the first site in 1918. In 1942, new location of the village was said to be still too far up the river. Also, it was being [[flood]]ed too often. This caused them to move village to its current location. A [[school]] and a [[post office]] were built in 1961.<ref name=en/> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Alaska towns}} {{US-geo-stub}} [[Category:settlements in Alaska]] [[Category:1918 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:1942 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:1940s establishments in Alaska]] [[Category:20th-century establishments in Alaska]] h04iyg5mu3pd5igl37j4ynhw82wknj1 0 167467 10368691 10323786 2025-07-03T02:06:45Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368691 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Musical artist | Name = Amy Macdonald | Img = Amy Macdonald 2010 1.JPG | caption = Amy Macdonald at Rix FM Festival in Stockholm | image_size = | alt = | Background = solo_singer | Birth_name = Amy Elizabeth Macdonald | alias = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1987|08|25}} | death_date = | Origin= Bishopbriggs, East Dunbartonshire, Scotland | Occupation = Singer, songwriter, musician | Instrument = Vocals, guitar, keyboard | Genre = [[Rock music|Rock]], [[Soft rock]], [[Folk rock]], [[Indie folk]] | Years_active = 2007–present | Label = [[Vertigo Records|Vertigo]], [[Mercury Records|Mercury]], Melodramatic Records | associated_acts = | website = [http://www.amymacdonald.co.uk/ www.amymacdonald.co.uk] }} '''Amy Macdonald''' is a [[Scotland|Scottish]] singer and songwriter. She is best known for her 2007 hit single "[[This Is the Life (Amy Macdonald song)|This Is the Life]]" from her debut studio album of the same name. Macdonald to date has sold over 12 million records worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.glasgowlive.co.uk/whats-on/music-nightlife-news/go-backstage-with-amy-macdonald-13559692|title=Go backstage with Amy MacDonald at her triumphant Glasgow homecoming show|website=glasgowlive.co.uk}}</ref> ==Early life== Macdonald was born on 25 August 1987 in Bishopbriggs, [[Scotland]], located near [[Glasgow]], she attended the Bishopbriggs High School.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/music/connect/2008/artist/amy_macdonald/index.shtml|title=BBC - Hydro Connect - Amy MacDonald|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theherald.co.uk/videoweek/Amy|title=Video week – Former Bishopbriggs High School pupil Amy Macdonald performs for Bishopbriggs Academy pupils at The Garage nightclub in Glasgow|work=The Herald|publisher=Newsquest (Herald & Times) Limited|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514134759/http://www.theherald.co.uk/videoweek/amy/|archive-date=14 May 2008 }}</ref> She was inspired by [[Travis]] playing at [[T in the Park]] in 2000 and after hearing "Turn" she wanted to play it herself.<ref>{{cite interview|last=Macdonald|first=Amy|subject-link=Amy Macdonald|interviewer=Scott Simon|title=Studio Sessions – Amy MacDonald: A Self-Taught Scot|work=[[National Public Radio]]|publisher=KGNU|location=Boulder, Colorado|date= 16 August 2008|access-date=6 September 2008|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=93641042}}</ref> She bought a Travis cord book and taught herself by playing her father’s guitar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-10018494.html|title=A BRIEF ENCOUNTER WITH ... AMY MACDONALD SOUNDS|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911105602/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-10018494.html|url-status=dead|archive-date = 11 September 2016|website =The Sunday Herald}}</ref> At the age of 15 she started to play at pubs and coffee houses around [[Glasgow]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtvasia.com/Funstuff/Contests/AmyMacdonaldAlbum/|title=Pick up an autographed Amy Macdonald album and guitar pick now!|date=6 February 2009|publisher=MTV Asia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420064237/http://www.mtvasia.com/Funstuff/Contests/AmyMacdonaldAlbum/ |archive-date=20 April 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theglaswegian.co.uk/entertainment-lifestyle/entertainment/2008/12/18/double-date-for-amy-mcdonald-102692-20979074/|title=Double date for Amy McDonald|last=Carroll|first=Peter|date=18 December 2008|publisher=The Glaswegian}}</ref> ==Career== [[File:Amy Macdonald AMADEUS2008a.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Amy MacDonald performing in Amadeus Austrian Music Awards 2008 in Vienna.]] ===2007–2008: ''This Is the Life''=== In July 2007, Macdonald released her debut studio album ''[[This Is the Life (Amy Macdonald album)|This Is the Life]]'', the album peaked at number one on the [[UK Albums Chart]] and has sold over 900,000 copies in the UK, the album includes the singles "[[Poison Prince]]", "[[Mr Rock & Roll]]", "[[L.A. (Amy Macdonald song)|L.A.]]", "[[This Is the Life (Amy Macdonald song)|This Is the Life]]" and "[[Run (Amy Macdonald song)|Run]]". Her single "This Is the Life", is considered as her most successful single, reaching number one in six countries and reaching the top 10 in 11 other countries. ===2010–2011: ''A Curious Thing''=== Macdonald released her second studio album ''[[A Curious Thing]]'' in March 2010, the album peaked at number four on the [[UK Albums Chart]], selling more than 267,000 copies in the UK. The album includes the singles "[[Don't Tell Me That It's Over]]", "[[Spark (Amy Macdonald song)|Spark]]", "[[This Pretty Face]]", "[[Love Love (Amy Macdonald song)|Love Love]]" and "[[Your Time Will Come]]". ===2012: ''Life in a Beautiful Light''=== In June 2012, she released her third studio album, ''[[Life in a Beautiful Light]]'', the album peaked at number two on the [[UK Albums Chart]], selling over 174,000 copies in the UK. The album includes the singles "[[Slow It Down (Amy Macdonald song)|Slow It Down]]", "[[Pride (Amy Macdonald song)|Pride]]" and "[[4th of July (Amy Macdonald song)|4th of July]]". ===2017–2018: ''Under Stars''=== [[File:Amy MacDonald (ZMF 2017) jm68081.jpg|thumb|right|170px|Amy MacDonald at Zelt-Musik-Festival 2017 in [[Freiburg]], [[Germany]].]] In February 2017, she released her fourth studio album, ''[[Under Stars]]'', the album peaked at number two on the [[UK Albums Chart]]. The album includes the singles "[[Dream On (Amy Macdonald song)|Dream On]]", "Automatic" and "Down by the Water". In December 2017, she released a Christmas single, "[[This Christmas Day (song)|This Christmas Day]]" with all proceeds going to Alzheimer's Research. She released her first greatest hits album, ''Woman of the World (The Best of 2007–2018)'' in November 2018, the album includes all of her successful songs, plus a previously unreleased songs, "Woman of the World" & "This Time's Everything". The album peaked at number 46 on the [[UK Albums Chart]]. ===2020–2021: ''The Human Demands''=== In October 2020, she released her fifth studio album, ''[[The Human Demands]]'', the album peaked at number ten on the [[UK Albums Chart]]. The album includes the singles "[[The Hudson (song)|The Hudson]]", "Crazy Shade of Blue", "[[Fire (Amy Macdonald song)|Fire]]" and "[[Statues (Amy Macdonald song)|Statues]]". ===2025–2026: ''Is This What You’ve Been Waiting For?''=== On 23 April 2025, Macdonald announced her sixth studio album, ''[[Is This What You've Been Waiting For?|Is This What You’ve Been Waiting For?]]'', the album will be released on 11 July 2025. She also released the title track as the lead single and announced a UK and Europe tour which will run from November 2025 to February 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/25108769.amy-macdonald-announces-tour-including-huge-glasgow-show/|title=Amy MacDonald announces tour including huge Glasgow show|publisher=The Herald|website=heraldscotland.com}}</ref> In an interview she said that the lead single from the album, "Is This What You've Been Waiting For?", was inspired by live music after watching videos of U2 performing at The Sphere in Las Vegas, she also said that another song from the album, "Can You Hear Me", was inspired by the crowd at the TRNSMT Music Festival.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thescottishsun.co.uk/tvandshowbiz/14695542/amy-macdonald-trnsmt-inspired-new-song/|title=Amy MacDonald reveals TRNSMT crowd inspired song for her new album|publisher=The Scottish Sun|website=thescottishsun.co.uk}}</ref> ==Discography== {{Main|Amy Macdonald discography}} * ''[[This Is the Life (Amy Macdonald album)|This Is the Life]]'' (2007) * ''[[A Curious Thing]]'' (2010) * ''[[Life in a Beautiful Light]]'' (2012) * ''[[Under Stars]]'' (2017) * ''[[The Human Demands]]'' (2020) * ''[[Is This What You've Been Waiting For?|Is This What You’ve Been Waiting For?]]'' (2025) ==Awards and nominations== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Year ! Award ! Category ! Result |- | 2007 | Silver Clef Award | Best Newcomer | {{Won}} |- | 2008 | Daily Record | Scottish Person of the Year | {{Won}} |- | rowspan="7"| 2009 | rowspan="2"| Swiss Music Awards | Best International Album – 'This Is The Life' | {{Won}} |- | Best International Song – 'This Is The Life' | {{Won}} |- | rowspan="3"| Echo Awards | Best Newcomer International | {{Won}} |- | Best International Female | {{nom}} |- | Single of the Year for "This Is the Life" | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="2"| [[NRJ Music Awards]] | International Album of the Year for ''This Is the Life'' | {{nom}} |- | International Revolution of the Year | {{nom}} |- | 2010 | Tartan Clef Award | Best Album – 'A Curious Thing' | {{Won}} |- | rowspan="2"| 2011 | Swiss music awards | Best International Album Rock/Pop – 'A Curious Thing' | {{Won}} |- | Echo Awards | Best International Rock/Pop Female | {{Won}} |- | rowspan="2"| 2013 | Scottish Fashion Awards | Scottish Fashion Icon | {{Nom}} |- | Echo Awards | Best International Rock/Pop Female | {{Nom}} |- | 2014 | Scottish Fashion Awards | Scottish Fashion Icon | {{Won}} |- | 2015 | Scottish Music Awards | King Tut's Songwriting Award | {{Won}} |- | 2018 | Forth Radio Awards | The Forth International Music Icon Award | {{Won}} |- | 2020 | Scottish Music Awards | Women In Music Award | {{Won}} |} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * [http://www.amymacdonald.co.uk/ Amy Macdonald] Official site {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Macdonald, Amy}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:1987 births]] [[Category:Scottish singer-songwriters]] [[Category:Musicians from East Dunbartonshire]] 4gemy4jvoj2ad3jvij8xi9b324a1f26 0 168055 10369167 9811605 2025-07-03T08:10:11Z 180.150.36.182 10369167 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | Name = James Dewees | Img = jamesdewees.jpg | Img_alt = | Img_capt = James Dewees in Austin, TX on 8/23/08 | Img_size = 200px | Landscape = | Background = solo_singer | Birth_name = James Dewees | Alias = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1976|3|13}} | birth_place = | Origin = [[Liberty, Missouri]] | death_date = |death_place = | Instrument = [[Singing|Vocals]], [[piano]], [[Keyboard instrument|keyboards]], [[Drum kit|drums]] | Genre = [[Alternative rock]], [[indie rock]], [[hardcore punk]], [[power pop]], [[metalcore]], [[post-hardcore]] | Occupation = | Years_active = 1995{{ndash}}present | Label = [[Vagrant Records|Vagrant]] | Associated_acts = [[Coalesce (band)|Coalesce]], [[The Get Up Kids]], [[Reggie and the Full Effect]], [[New Found Glory]], [[My Chemical Romance]], [[Leathermouth]] | URL = [http://www.thegetupkids.com/ The Get Up Kids] | Notable_instruments = | Current_members = | Past_members = }} '''James Dewees''' (born March 13, 1976) is an [[Americans|American]] [[musician]] who has been involved in many musical projects including [[The Get Up Kids]], [[Reggie and the Full Effect]], [[Coalesce (band)|Coalesce]], [[New Found Glory]], and [[My Chemical Romance]]. ==Discography== ===Reggie and the Full Effect=== ;Studio albums # ''[[Greatest Hits 1984-1987]]'' (April 20, 1999) # ''[[Promotional Copy]]'' (April 25, 2000) # ''[[Under the Tray]]'' (February 18, 2003) # ''[[Songs Not to Get Married To]]'' (March 29, 2005) # ''[[Last Stop: Crappy Town]]'' (June 17, 2008) # ''[[No Country for No Musicians]]'' (November 19, 2013) # ''[[41 (album)|41]]'' (February 23, 2018) {{US-bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dewees, James}} [[Category:American drummers]] [[Category:American keyboardists]] [[Category:American rock musicians]] [[Category:Punk musicians]] [[Category:Musicians from Missouri]] [[Category:1976 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:My Chemical Romance members]] ksjp17r1sfx2no23qk941wrk78po5eu 4 170102 10369184 10364993 2025-07-03T08:17:36Z Cactusisme 1477024 /* Mia Love */ close, promoted, 1 support, 0 oppose after 3 weeks 10369184 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="clear:both; background:#DDF; color:black; border:1px #AAA solid;" cellspacing="4" |- | width="60%" style="padding:1em; border:1px solid #AAA; background-color:#EEF;" valign="top" | <span style="font-size:2em;">Proposed good articles</span> {{shortcut|WP:PGOOD|WP:PGA|WP:GAN}} [[File:GA candidate.svg|left|60px|This star represents the proposed good content on Wikipedia.]] "Good articles" are articles that are better than other articles, according to many people. Good articles have criteria/requirements that the article needs to have. Read [[Wikipedia:Requirements for good articles]] for information about the criteria. This page is to talk about articles to see if they meet Good Article criteria. When an article is posted here, it should have the {{tl|pgood}} tag put on it. This will put the article in [[:Category:Proposed good articles]]. Please only put one article in at a time. Articles that are accepted by the community as good articles will have their {{tl|pgood}} tag replaced with {{tl|good}}. They are also shown on [[Wikipedia:Good articles]] and are put in [[:Category:Good articles]]. Articles that are not accepted by the community as good articles have their {{tl|good}} tag removed. Articles that are better than the good article criteria can be proposed to be a "very good article" at [[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles]]. [[:en:User:Dr pda/prosesize.js|This tool]] can be used to find the size of an article. | style="border:1px solid #AAA; padding:1em; background-color:#EFE;" valign="top" | <span style="font-size:2em;">Joining the talk</span> If you choose to join in the talk about good articles, it is very important that you know and understand the [[Wikipedia:Requirements for good articles|criteria for good articles]]. Discussing an article is a promise to the community that you have read the criteria and the article in question. You should prepare to completely explain the reasons for your comments. This process should not be taken lightly. If people think that a user is not taking the process seriously and/or is commenting without reason, they may not be allowed to join in any more. |} {{Archive box collapsible|large=yes| *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 1|Archived requests and votes February 2009 - March 2008]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 2|Archived requests and votes April 2008 – July 2008]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 3|Archived requests and votes August 2008 – December 2008]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 4|Archived requests and votes January 2009 - February 2009]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 5|Archived requests and votes March 2009 - April 2009]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 6|Archived requests and votes May 2009 - August 2009]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 7|Archived requests September 2009 - December 2009]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 8|Archived requests January 2010 - February 2010]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 9|Archived requests March 2010 - September 2010]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 10|Archived requests October 2010 - January 2011]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 11|Archived requests February 2011 - August 2011]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 12|Archived requests September 2011 - February 2012]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 13|Archived requests March 2012 - July 2013]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 14|Archived requests August 2013 - December 2014]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 15|Archived requests 2015]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 16|Archived requests 2016]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 17|Archived requests 2017]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 18|Archived requests 2018 / 2019]] <!-- not a typo, barely any GA nominations in 2018 --> *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 19|Archived requests 2020]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 20|Archived requests 2021]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 21|Archived requests 2022]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 22|Archived requests 2023]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archives/2024|Archived requests 2024]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archives/2025|Archived requests 2025]] }} {{Autoarchive resolved section |age= 7 |level = 3 |archive=Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archives/((year)) |show = yes}} ==Proposals for good articles== To propose an article for Good article status, just add it to the '''top of the list''' using the code, filling out 'page title' and 'reason' with your proposed page's title and why you think this page should be a proposed article: <code>{{[[Template:Pgapropose|subst:Pgapropose]]|''page title''|''reason''}} <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code> You may have <u>''one'' nomination</u> open at a time only. Proposals run for three weeks. After this time the article will be either promoted or not promoted depending on the consensus reached in the discussion. <div class="boilerplate" style="background-color: #EDEAFF; padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px; border: 1px solid #8779DD;"> :''The following discussion is closed. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive top--> ---- ===Mia Love=== :{{la|Mia Love}} *{{tick}} The article is about a subject suitable for Wikipedia. *{{tick}} The article is fairly complete, with a prose size of 9268 B (1433 words). *{{tick}} The article has gone through a few revisions, but not by different editors. *{{tick}} The article is filed in the appropriate category. *{{tick}} It has at least one interwiki link. *{{tick}} The article is stable with no recent big changes or ongoing change wars. *{{tick}} There are no templates indicating that the article needs improvement. *{{tick}} Content from books, journal articles, and other publications is properly referenced. The article has been expanded, is properly sourced, simplified as much as I could find [feedback always welcome :)], proper cats, no redlinks and thoroughly covers the subject. Please let me know if there's any way I can improve the article! There's often some tricky words that cannot/might require more attention to simplify when it comes to politicians, but I think I tackled most of it down. Thank you for your consideration! :) --[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 02:15, 12 June 2025 (UTC) :*{{support}} I enjoyed reading the whole article and can see nothing glaring that needs to be changed. It would have been good to have more people editing it but often that's not the case for GAs. Good luck : '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 17:32, 13 June 2025 (UTC) :'''Promoted''' per above--[[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">hi</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 08:17, 3 July 2025 (UTC) {{section resolved|1=[[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">hi</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 08:17, 3 July 2025 (UTC)}} ---- :''The above discussion is preserved as an [[Help:Archiving a talk page|archive]]. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not change it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page, such as the current discussion page. No more changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive bottom --></div> == Proposals closed recently == <div class="boilerplate" style="background-color: #EDEAFF; padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px; border: 1px solid #8779DD;"> :''The following discussion is closed. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive top--> ---- === Baldwin IV of Jerusalem === :{{la|Baldwin IV of Jerusalem}} I've transferred the subject's English Wikipedia article (which is currently nominated for GA status and which I am a major contributor to) here after making significant cuts and changes to the language. This is my first time writing an article for simple english Wikipedia, but I put a lot of work into it, so I hope it's worthy of GA status. The article has many sources, and it's just over half as long as the original version. If there's anything you need me to fix, please tell me, and I will fix it as soon as possible! <!-- Template:Pgapropose --> [[User:Reverosie|Reverosie]] ([[User talk:Reverosie|talk]]) 00:35, 12 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi, there are lots of complex words used in the page like determination, commitment, uncooperativeness. The sentence structures are complex starting from the intro. Lots of redlinks too. There is quite a lot of work that needs to be done here. This page fails #3, #6, and #8. I recommend you read some of our featured pages to see what is expected. It is a very interesting topic to write on though. I hope you have fun working on the page. Thanks, :)-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 17:42, 13 June 2025 (UTC) :* There are quite a few words which are complex and either need explaining in line or linking to Wiktionary. Words such determination, disorder, vassals, uncooperativeness, and leprosy need to be explained or linked to other articles. That was just the first section. I'd suggest also that you read [[WP:SI|Simple Introduction]] and also run the page through the readability tools at the bottom of that page. We attempt to write articles that a lay person and children in US geades 7-9 can read. Many of our readers are also learning English as a foreign language so we need to keep grammar, sentence structure and length short. On a positive note however, the article seems to explain the subject thoughly enough. I'd like to see some editing from other people as we don't usually promote articles that are essentially written by one person. Good luck '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 17:55, 13 June 2025 (UTC) :*:Thank you both for responding so quickly!!! I'll get to work on the article as soon as possible, and hopefully I can fix these issues! [[User:Reverosie|Reverosie]] ([[User talk:Reverosie|talk]]) 21:21, 13 June 2025 (UTC) :*:@[[User:BRPever|BRPever]] @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] I've fixed the problems you mentioned. I replaced the words that were too complicated, added more links (and removed the red links), and simplified the sentences. I'm very sad to say that I'm not sure what I'm going to do about #3 because this is a very niche topic, but besides that, I think I fixed it :). [[User:Reverosie|Reverosie]] ([[User talk:Reverosie|talk]]) 22:29, 13 June 2025 (UTC) :*::@[[User:Reverosie|Reverosie]] We ususally create pages and turn the link into blue if there is no page on the topic if it's notable. Removal of [[WP:Red link|red links]] is actually discouraged because it is believed that it helps wikipedia grow by encouraging people to create more pages. I will take another look when I get some time. Thanks, [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 00:03, 14 June 2025 (UTC) :*:::Thank you so much! I'll add some red links back to the article where they're needed [[User:Reverosie|Reverosie]] ([[User talk:Reverosie|talk]]) 00:52, 14 June 2025 (UTC) :*::::*{{comment}} More simplification is needed. For example, we use ''early life'' instead of ''childhood''. The introduction could use some more wikilinking. You can see [[BE 1500]] for a list of simple words. More complicated words can be wikilinked to our [[wikt:|simplified Wiktionary]]. Good luck! :*::::''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 14:07, 14 June 2025 (UTC) :*:::::Thank you so much! I’m going to get to work on the simplifications as soon as possible [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 18:32, 14 June 2025 (UTC) :*:@[[User:BRPever|BRPever]] @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] @[[User:Asteralee|Asteralee]], I've finished simplifying the article. I hope that it is now acceptable! [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 23:29, 15 June 2025 (UTC) :*::It looks much better. There are still many red links, so I suggest you make some related pages and turn them blue. Other than that, I think it's already looking quite good. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 23:40, 15 June 2025 (UTC) :*:::Thank you so much! I'll get to work on making those articles as soon as I can [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 23:40, 15 June 2025 (UTC) :*::::@[[User:Reverosie|Reverosie]] The article cannot have any apostrophes in it, so for example, {{!xt|The other nobles in the kingdom '''didn't''' like '''Amalric's''' wife, Agnes}} would most likely be {{xt|The other nobles in the kingdom '''did not''' like '''Agnes, the wife of Almaric'''}}. Other than the apostrophes, your article is well on its way to be promoted; good work! ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 14:48, 16 June 2025 (UTC) :*:::::Thank you so much! I'll remove those as soon as possible [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 14:53, 16 June 2025 (UTC) :*:::::The banned apostrophes have all been removed [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 15:09, 16 June 2025 (UTC) :*::::::I left you a more detailed review on the article's talk page. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 15:35, 16 June 2025 (UTC) :*:::::::'''Thank you so much!!!''' I'll get to looking at that right away! [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 15:36, 16 June 2025 (UTC) :*::@[[User:Asteralee|Asteralee]] @[[User:BRPever|BRPever]] @[[User:Barras|Barras]] @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] Hello! I'm sorry to bother all of you again, but I noticed that this proposal was nearly closed for being unlikely to pass. I'm still quite new to Wikipedia, so I'm not exactly sure what more I can do to improve the article aside from making more articles to remove red links. If somebody could point me in the right direction to improve this article, I'd greatly appreciate it. Thank you! [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 23:00, 24 June 2025 (UTC) :*:::Hi, you have my {{support}} for this as long as you create pages on the red links we have in the lead and maybe some others.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 23:03, 24 June 2025 (UTC) :*::::Thank you so much!! I'll make those articles as quickly as I can [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 23:06, 24 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::There are a few sentences that don't make sense such as "In July 1178, Baldwin IV started connecting Sibylla with him in some public acts." What does connecting mean? Also, "Baldwin stayed against Raymond." What does that mean? The main problem I see is that some sections are just fact after fact and don't seem to flow well as a coherent narrative. It's almost ready but I think it needs to have some editing to make it flow together. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:20, 24 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Thank you so much! I think I got a bit carried away when simplifying it [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 23:59, 24 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::::It's important to not make it so simple that it seems to be talking down to the reader. Remember that many of the readers will be very smart but just aren't that good at reading Complex English. If you write so that a native English speaker between ages 12 - 14 can read it then it will be good for someone learning English to read also. You've done a good job so far. I'll reread your recent changes and comment more. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:56, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::I've edited the entire article to fix this up a bit. Please tell me if I've made any progress! [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 00:19, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::::Having read your new changes I think it reads better and more smoothly so I can {{support}} the article for promotion to GA. :) '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:02, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::Thank you so much!! [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 03:00, 25 June 2025 (UTC) *I'd say the article is in good article shape now. '''Promote.''' -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 17:51, 26 June 2025 (UTC) *:Thank you so much!!! [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 18:11, 26 June 2025 (UTC) *{{support}} Nice work! ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 13:21, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *{{support}} Created articles for the remaining redlinks. Article is in good shape for promotion. Great work! --[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 15:14, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *:@[[User:Asteralee|Asteralee]] @[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] '''Thank you so much!!!!!''' [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 16:41, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *'''Promoted''' Clear consensus--[[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">hi</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 09:26, 1 July 2025 (UTC) {{section resolved|1=[[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">hi</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 09:26, 1 July 2025 (UTC)}} ---- :''The above discussion is preserved as an [[Help:Archiving a talk page|archive]]. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not change it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page, such as the current discussion page. No more changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive bottom --></div> ==Related pages== *[[Wikipedia:Requirements for good articles]] *[[Wikipedia:Requirements for very good articles]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed article demotion]] [[Category:Good articles|*]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration]] n358swj0jh46mryx0ihch7isudgczul 10369193 10369184 2025-07-03T08:19:21Z Cactusisme 1477024 10369193 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="clear:both; background:#DDF; color:black; border:1px #AAA solid;" cellspacing="4" |- | width="60%" style="padding:1em; border:1px solid #AAA; background-color:#EEF;" valign="top" | <span style="font-size:2em;">Proposed good articles</span> {{shortcut|WP:PGOOD|WP:PGA|WP:GAN}} [[File:GA candidate.svg|left|60px|This star represents the proposed good content on Wikipedia.]] "Good articles" are articles that are better than other articles, according to many people. Good articles have criteria/requirements that the article needs to have. Read [[Wikipedia:Requirements for good articles]] for information about the criteria. This page is to talk about articles to see if they meet Good Article criteria. When an article is posted here, it should have the {{tl|pgood}} tag put on it. This will put the article in [[:Category:Proposed good articles]]. Please only put one article in at a time. Articles that are accepted by the community as good articles will have their {{tl|pgood}} tag replaced with {{tl|good}}. They are also shown on [[Wikipedia:Good articles]] and are put in [[:Category:Good articles]]. Articles that are not accepted by the community as good articles have their {{tl|good}} tag removed. Articles that are better than the good article criteria can be proposed to be a "very good article" at [[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles]]. [[:en:User:Dr pda/prosesize.js|This tool]] can be used to find the size of an article. | style="border:1px solid #AAA; padding:1em; background-color:#EFE;" valign="top" | <span style="font-size:2em;">Joining the talk</span> If you choose to join in the talk about good articles, it is very important that you know and understand the [[Wikipedia:Requirements for good articles|criteria for good articles]]. Discussing an article is a promise to the community that you have read the criteria and the article in question. You should prepare to completely explain the reasons for your comments. This process should not be taken lightly. If people think that a user is not taking the process seriously and/or is commenting without reason, they may not be allowed to join in any more. |} {{Archive box collapsible|large=yes| *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 1|Archived requests and votes February 2009 - March 2008]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 2|Archived requests and votes April 2008 – July 2008]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 3|Archived requests and votes August 2008 – December 2008]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 4|Archived requests and votes January 2009 - February 2009]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 5|Archived requests and votes March 2009 - April 2009]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 6|Archived requests and votes May 2009 - August 2009]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 7|Archived requests September 2009 - December 2009]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 8|Archived requests January 2010 - February 2010]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 9|Archived requests March 2010 - September 2010]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 10|Archived requests October 2010 - January 2011]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 11|Archived requests February 2011 - August 2011]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 12|Archived requests September 2011 - February 2012]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 13|Archived requests March 2012 - July 2013]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 14|Archived requests August 2013 - December 2014]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 15|Archived requests 2015]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 16|Archived requests 2016]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 17|Archived requests 2017]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 18|Archived requests 2018 / 2019]] <!-- not a typo, barely any GA nominations in 2018 --> *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 19|Archived requests 2020]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 20|Archived requests 2021]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 21|Archived requests 2022]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 22|Archived requests 2023]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archives/2024|Archived requests 2024]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archives/2025|Archived requests 2025]] }} {{Autoarchive resolved section |age= 7 |level = 3 |archive=Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archives/((year)) |show = yes}} ==Proposals for good articles== To propose an article for Good article status, just add it to the '''top of the list''' using the code, filling out 'page title' and 'reason' with your proposed page's title and why you think this page should be a proposed article: <code>{{[[Template:Pgapropose|subst:Pgapropose]]|''page title''|''reason''}} <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code> You may have <u>''one'' nomination</u> open at a time only. Proposals run for three weeks. After this time the article will be either promoted or not promoted depending on the consensus reached in the discussion. == Proposals closed recently == <div class="boilerplate" style="background-color: #EDEAFF; padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px; border: 1px solid #8779DD;"> :''The following discussion is closed. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive top--> ---- === Baldwin IV of Jerusalem === :{{la|Baldwin IV of Jerusalem}} I've transferred the subject's English Wikipedia article (which is currently nominated for GA status and which I am a major contributor to) here after making significant cuts and changes to the language. This is my first time writing an article for simple english Wikipedia, but I put a lot of work into it, so I hope it's worthy of GA status. The article has many sources, and it's just over half as long as the original version. If there's anything you need me to fix, please tell me, and I will fix it as soon as possible! <!-- Template:Pgapropose --> [[User:Reverosie|Reverosie]] ([[User talk:Reverosie|talk]]) 00:35, 12 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi, there are lots of complex words used in the page like determination, commitment, uncooperativeness. The sentence structures are complex starting from the intro. Lots of redlinks too. There is quite a lot of work that needs to be done here. This page fails #3, #6, and #8. I recommend you read some of our featured pages to see what is expected. It is a very interesting topic to write on though. I hope you have fun working on the page. Thanks, :)-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 17:42, 13 June 2025 (UTC) :* There are quite a few words which are complex and either need explaining in line or linking to Wiktionary. Words such determination, disorder, vassals, uncooperativeness, and leprosy need to be explained or linked to other articles. That was just the first section. I'd suggest also that you read [[WP:SI|Simple Introduction]] and also run the page through the readability tools at the bottom of that page. We attempt to write articles that a lay person and children in US geades 7-9 can read. Many of our readers are also learning English as a foreign language so we need to keep grammar, sentence structure and length short. On a positive note however, the article seems to explain the subject thoughly enough. I'd like to see some editing from other people as we don't usually promote articles that are essentially written by one person. Good luck '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 17:55, 13 June 2025 (UTC) :*:Thank you both for responding so quickly!!! I'll get to work on the article as soon as possible, and hopefully I can fix these issues! [[User:Reverosie|Reverosie]] ([[User talk:Reverosie|talk]]) 21:21, 13 June 2025 (UTC) :*:@[[User:BRPever|BRPever]] @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] I've fixed the problems you mentioned. I replaced the words that were too complicated, added more links (and removed the red links), and simplified the sentences. I'm very sad to say that I'm not sure what I'm going to do about #3 because this is a very niche topic, but besides that, I think I fixed it :). [[User:Reverosie|Reverosie]] ([[User talk:Reverosie|talk]]) 22:29, 13 June 2025 (UTC) :*::@[[User:Reverosie|Reverosie]] We ususally create pages and turn the link into blue if there is no page on the topic if it's notable. Removal of [[WP:Red link|red links]] is actually discouraged because it is believed that it helps wikipedia grow by encouraging people to create more pages. I will take another look when I get some time. Thanks, [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 00:03, 14 June 2025 (UTC) :*:::Thank you so much! I'll add some red links back to the article where they're needed [[User:Reverosie|Reverosie]] ([[User talk:Reverosie|talk]]) 00:52, 14 June 2025 (UTC) :*::::*{{comment}} More simplification is needed. For example, we use ''early life'' instead of ''childhood''. The introduction could use some more wikilinking. You can see [[BE 1500]] for a list of simple words. More complicated words can be wikilinked to our [[wikt:|simplified Wiktionary]]. Good luck! :*::::''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 14:07, 14 June 2025 (UTC) :*:::::Thank you so much! I’m going to get to work on the simplifications as soon as possible [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 18:32, 14 June 2025 (UTC) :*:@[[User:BRPever|BRPever]] @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] @[[User:Asteralee|Asteralee]], I've finished simplifying the article. I hope that it is now acceptable! [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 23:29, 15 June 2025 (UTC) :*::It looks much better. There are still many red links, so I suggest you make some related pages and turn them blue. Other than that, I think it's already looking quite good. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 23:40, 15 June 2025 (UTC) :*:::Thank you so much! I'll get to work on making those articles as soon as I can [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 23:40, 15 June 2025 (UTC) :*::::@[[User:Reverosie|Reverosie]] The article cannot have any apostrophes in it, so for example, {{!xt|The other nobles in the kingdom '''didn't''' like '''Amalric's''' wife, Agnes}} would most likely be {{xt|The other nobles in the kingdom '''did not''' like '''Agnes, the wife of Almaric'''}}. Other than the apostrophes, your article is well on its way to be promoted; good work! ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 14:48, 16 June 2025 (UTC) :*:::::Thank you so much! I'll remove those as soon as possible [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 14:53, 16 June 2025 (UTC) :*:::::The banned apostrophes have all been removed [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 15:09, 16 June 2025 (UTC) :*::::::I left you a more detailed review on the article's talk page. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 15:35, 16 June 2025 (UTC) :*:::::::'''Thank you so much!!!''' I'll get to looking at that right away! [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 15:36, 16 June 2025 (UTC) :*::@[[User:Asteralee|Asteralee]] @[[User:BRPever|BRPever]] @[[User:Barras|Barras]] @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] Hello! I'm sorry to bother all of you again, but I noticed that this proposal was nearly closed for being unlikely to pass. I'm still quite new to Wikipedia, so I'm not exactly sure what more I can do to improve the article aside from making more articles to remove red links. If somebody could point me in the right direction to improve this article, I'd greatly appreciate it. Thank you! [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 23:00, 24 June 2025 (UTC) :*:::Hi, you have my {{support}} for this as long as you create pages on the red links we have in the lead and maybe some others.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 23:03, 24 June 2025 (UTC) :*::::Thank you so much!! I'll make those articles as quickly as I can [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 23:06, 24 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::There are a few sentences that don't make sense such as "In July 1178, Baldwin IV started connecting Sibylla with him in some public acts." What does connecting mean? Also, "Baldwin stayed against Raymond." What does that mean? The main problem I see is that some sections are just fact after fact and don't seem to flow well as a coherent narrative. It's almost ready but I think it needs to have some editing to make it flow together. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:20, 24 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Thank you so much! I think I got a bit carried away when simplifying it [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 23:59, 24 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::::It's important to not make it so simple that it seems to be talking down to the reader. Remember that many of the readers will be very smart but just aren't that good at reading Complex English. If you write so that a native English speaker between ages 12 - 14 can read it then it will be good for someone learning English to read also. You've done a good job so far. I'll reread your recent changes and comment more. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:56, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::I've edited the entire article to fix this up a bit. Please tell me if I've made any progress! [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 00:19, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::::Having read your new changes I think it reads better and more smoothly so I can {{support}} the article for promotion to GA. :) '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:02, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::Thank you so much!! [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 03:00, 25 June 2025 (UTC) *I'd say the article is in good article shape now. '''Promote.''' -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 17:51, 26 June 2025 (UTC) *:Thank you so much!!! [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 18:11, 26 June 2025 (UTC) *{{support}} Nice work! ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 13:21, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *{{support}} Created articles for the remaining redlinks. Article is in good shape for promotion. Great work! --[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 15:14, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *:@[[User:Asteralee|Asteralee]] @[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] '''Thank you so much!!!!!''' [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 16:41, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *'''Promoted''' Clear consensus--[[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">hi</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 09:26, 1 July 2025 (UTC) {{section resolved|1=[[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">hi</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 09:26, 1 July 2025 (UTC)}} ---- :''The above discussion is preserved as an [[Help:Archiving a talk page|archive]]. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not change it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page, such as the current discussion page. No more changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive bottom --></div> <div class="boilerplate" style="background-color: #EDEAFF; padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px; border: 1px solid #8779DD;"> :''The following discussion is closed. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive top--> ---- ===Mia Love=== :{{la|Mia Love}} *{{tick}} The article is about a subject suitable for Wikipedia. *{{tick}} The article is fairly complete, with a prose size of 9268 B (1433 words). *{{tick}} The article has gone through a few revisions, but not by different editors. *{{tick}} The article is filed in the appropriate category. *{{tick}} It has at least one interwiki link. *{{tick}} The article is stable with no recent big changes or ongoing change wars. *{{tick}} There are no templates indicating that the article needs improvement. *{{tick}} Content from books, journal articles, and other publications is properly referenced. The article has been expanded, is properly sourced, simplified as much as I could find [feedback always welcome :)], proper cats, no redlinks and thoroughly covers the subject. Please let me know if there's any way I can improve the article! There's often some tricky words that cannot/might require more attention to simplify when it comes to politicians, but I think I tackled most of it down. Thank you for your consideration! :) --[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 02:15, 12 June 2025 (UTC) :*{{support}} I enjoyed reading the whole article and can see nothing glaring that needs to be changed. It would have been good to have more people editing it but often that's not the case for GAs. Good luck : '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 17:32, 13 June 2025 (UTC) :'''Promoted''' per above--[[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">hi</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 08:17, 3 July 2025 (UTC) {{section resolved|1=[[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">hi</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 08:17, 3 July 2025 (UTC)}} ---- :''The above discussion is preserved as an [[Help:Archiving a talk page|archive]]. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not change it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page, such as the current discussion page. No more changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive bottom --></div> ==Related pages== *[[Wikipedia:Requirements for good articles]] *[[Wikipedia:Requirements for very good articles]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed article demotion]] [[Category:Good articles|*]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration]] jxx37tsl65ttbs93m1apxt92gmyp48i 10369236 10369193 2025-07-03T08:44:37Z Cactusisme 1477024 maintenance 10369236 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="clear:both; background:#DDF; color:black; border:1px #AAA solid;" cellspacing="4" |- | width="60%" style="padding:1em; border:1px solid #AAA; background-color:#EEF;" valign="top" | <span style="font-size:2em;">Proposed good articles</span> {{shortcut|WP:PGOOD|WP:PGA|WP:GAN}} [[File:GA candidate.svg|left|60px|This star represents the proposed good content on Wikipedia.]] "Good articles" are articles that are better than other articles, according to many people. Good articles have criteria/requirements that the article needs to have. Read [[Wikipedia:Requirements for good articles]] for information about the criteria. This page is to talk about articles to see if they meet Good Article criteria. When an article is posted here, it should have the {{tl|pgood}} tag put on it. This will put the article in [[:Category:Proposed good articles]]. Please only put one article in at a time. Articles that are accepted by the community as good articles will have their {{tl|pgood}} tag replaced with {{tl|good}}. They are also shown on [[Wikipedia:Good articles]] and are put in [[:Category:Good articles]]. Articles that are not accepted by the community as good articles have their {{tl|good}} tag removed. Articles that are better than the good article criteria can be proposed to be a "very good article" at [[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles]]. [[:en:User:Dr pda/prosesize.js|This tool]] can be used to find the size of an article. | style="border:1px solid #AAA; padding:1em; background-color:#EFE;" valign="top" | <span style="font-size:2em;">Joining the talk</span> If you choose to join in the talk about good articles, it is very important that you know and understand the [[Wikipedia:Requirements for good articles|criteria for good articles]]. Discussing an article is a promise to the community that you have read the criteria and the article in question. You should prepare to completely explain the reasons for your comments. This process should not be taken lightly. If people think that a user is not taking the process seriously and/or is commenting without reason, they may not be allowed to join in any more. |} {{Archive box collapsible|large=yes| *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 1|Archived requests February 2009 - March 2008]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 2|Archived requests April 2008 – July 2008]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 3|Archived requests August 2008 – December 2008]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 4|Archived requests January 2009 - February 2009]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 5|Archived requests March 2009 - April 2009]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 6|Archived requests May 2009 - August 2009]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 7|Archived requests September 2009 - December 2009]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 8|Archived requests January 2010 - February 2010]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 9|Archived requests March 2010 - September 2010]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 10|Archived requests October 2010 - January 2011]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 11|Archived requests February 2011 - August 2011]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 12|Archived requests September 2011 - February 2012]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 13|Archived requests March 2012 - July 2013]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 14|Archived requests August 2013 - December 2014]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 15|Archived requests 2015]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 16|Archived requests 2016]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 17|Archived requests 2017]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 18|Archived requests 2018 / 2019]] <!-- not a typo, barely any GA nominations in 2018 --> *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 19|Archived requests 2020]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 20|Archived requests 2021]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 21|Archived requests 2022]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 22|Archived requests 2023]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archives/2024|Archived requests 2024]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archives/2025|Archived requests 2025]] }} {{Autoarchive resolved section |age= 7 |level = 3 |archive=Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archives/((year)) |show = yes}} ==Proposals for good articles== To propose an article for Good article status, just add it to the '''top of the list''' using the code, filling out 'page title' and 'reason' with your proposed page's title and why you think this page should be a proposed article: <code>{{[[Template:Pgapropose|subst:Pgapropose]]|''page title''|''reason''}} <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code> You may have <u>''one'' nomination</u> open at a time only. Proposals run for three weeks. After this time the article will be either promoted or not promoted depending on the consensus reached in the discussion. == Proposals closed recently == <div class="boilerplate" style="background-color: #EDEAFF; padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px; border: 1px solid #8779DD;"> :''The following discussion is closed. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive top--> ---- === Baldwin IV of Jerusalem === :{{la|Baldwin IV of Jerusalem}} I've transferred the subject's English Wikipedia article (which is currently nominated for GA status and which I am a major contributor to) here after making significant cuts and changes to the language. This is my first time writing an article for simple english Wikipedia, but I put a lot of work into it, so I hope it's worthy of GA status. The article has many sources, and it's just over half as long as the original version. If there's anything you need me to fix, please tell me, and I will fix it as soon as possible! <!-- Template:Pgapropose --> [[User:Reverosie|Reverosie]] ([[User talk:Reverosie|talk]]) 00:35, 12 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi, there are lots of complex words used in the page like determination, commitment, uncooperativeness. The sentence structures are complex starting from the intro. Lots of redlinks too. There is quite a lot of work that needs to be done here. This page fails #3, #6, and #8. I recommend you read some of our featured pages to see what is expected. It is a very interesting topic to write on though. I hope you have fun working on the page. Thanks, :)-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 17:42, 13 June 2025 (UTC) :* There are quite a few words which are complex and either need explaining in line or linking to Wiktionary. Words such determination, disorder, vassals, uncooperativeness, and leprosy need to be explained or linked to other articles. That was just the first section. I'd suggest also that you read [[WP:SI|Simple Introduction]] and also run the page through the readability tools at the bottom of that page. We attempt to write articles that a lay person and children in US geades 7-9 can read. Many of our readers are also learning English as a foreign language so we need to keep grammar, sentence structure and length short. On a positive note however, the article seems to explain the subject thoughly enough. I'd like to see some editing from other people as we don't usually promote articles that are essentially written by one person. Good luck '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 17:55, 13 June 2025 (UTC) :*:Thank you both for responding so quickly!!! I'll get to work on the article as soon as possible, and hopefully I can fix these issues! [[User:Reverosie|Reverosie]] ([[User talk:Reverosie|talk]]) 21:21, 13 June 2025 (UTC) :*:@[[User:BRPever|BRPever]] @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] I've fixed the problems you mentioned. I replaced the words that were too complicated, added more links (and removed the red links), and simplified the sentences. I'm very sad to say that I'm not sure what I'm going to do about #3 because this is a very niche topic, but besides that, I think I fixed it :). [[User:Reverosie|Reverosie]] ([[User talk:Reverosie|talk]]) 22:29, 13 June 2025 (UTC) :*::@[[User:Reverosie|Reverosie]] We ususally create pages and turn the link into blue if there is no page on the topic if it's notable. Removal of [[WP:Red link|red links]] is actually discouraged because it is believed that it helps wikipedia grow by encouraging people to create more pages. I will take another look when I get some time. Thanks, [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 00:03, 14 June 2025 (UTC) :*:::Thank you so much! I'll add some red links back to the article where they're needed [[User:Reverosie|Reverosie]] ([[User talk:Reverosie|talk]]) 00:52, 14 June 2025 (UTC) :*::::*{{comment}} More simplification is needed. For example, we use ''early life'' instead of ''childhood''. The introduction could use some more wikilinking. You can see [[BE 1500]] for a list of simple words. More complicated words can be wikilinked to our [[wikt:|simplified Wiktionary]]. Good luck! :*::::''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 14:07, 14 June 2025 (UTC) :*:::::Thank you so much! I’m going to get to work on the simplifications as soon as possible [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 18:32, 14 June 2025 (UTC) :*:@[[User:BRPever|BRPever]] @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] @[[User:Asteralee|Asteralee]], I've finished simplifying the article. I hope that it is now acceptable! [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 23:29, 15 June 2025 (UTC) :*::It looks much better. There are still many red links, so I suggest you make some related pages and turn them blue. Other than that, I think it's already looking quite good. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 23:40, 15 June 2025 (UTC) :*:::Thank you so much! I'll get to work on making those articles as soon as I can [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 23:40, 15 June 2025 (UTC) :*::::@[[User:Reverosie|Reverosie]] The article cannot have any apostrophes in it, so for example, {{!xt|The other nobles in the kingdom '''didn't''' like '''Amalric's''' wife, Agnes}} would most likely be {{xt|The other nobles in the kingdom '''did not''' like '''Agnes, the wife of Almaric'''}}. Other than the apostrophes, your article is well on its way to be promoted; good work! ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 14:48, 16 June 2025 (UTC) :*:::::Thank you so much! I'll remove those as soon as possible [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 14:53, 16 June 2025 (UTC) :*:::::The banned apostrophes have all been removed [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 15:09, 16 June 2025 (UTC) :*::::::I left you a more detailed review on the article's talk page. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 15:35, 16 June 2025 (UTC) :*:::::::'''Thank you so much!!!''' I'll get to looking at that right away! [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 15:36, 16 June 2025 (UTC) :*::@[[User:Asteralee|Asteralee]] @[[User:BRPever|BRPever]] @[[User:Barras|Barras]] @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] Hello! I'm sorry to bother all of you again, but I noticed that this proposal was nearly closed for being unlikely to pass. I'm still quite new to Wikipedia, so I'm not exactly sure what more I can do to improve the article aside from making more articles to remove red links. If somebody could point me in the right direction to improve this article, I'd greatly appreciate it. Thank you! [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 23:00, 24 June 2025 (UTC) :*:::Hi, you have my {{support}} for this as long as you create pages on the red links we have in the lead and maybe some others.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 23:03, 24 June 2025 (UTC) :*::::Thank you so much!! I'll make those articles as quickly as I can [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 23:06, 24 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::There are a few sentences that don't make sense such as "In July 1178, Baldwin IV started connecting Sibylla with him in some public acts." What does connecting mean? Also, "Baldwin stayed against Raymond." What does that mean? The main problem I see is that some sections are just fact after fact and don't seem to flow well as a coherent narrative. It's almost ready but I think it needs to have some editing to make it flow together. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:20, 24 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Thank you so much! I think I got a bit carried away when simplifying it [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 23:59, 24 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::::It's important to not make it so simple that it seems to be talking down to the reader. Remember that many of the readers will be very smart but just aren't that good at reading Complex English. If you write so that a native English speaker between ages 12 - 14 can read it then it will be good for someone learning English to read also. You've done a good job so far. I'll reread your recent changes and comment more. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:56, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::I've edited the entire article to fix this up a bit. Please tell me if I've made any progress! [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 00:19, 25 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::::Having read your new changes I think it reads better and more smoothly so I can {{support}} the article for promotion to GA. :) '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:02, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::Thank you so much!! [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 03:00, 25 June 2025 (UTC) *I'd say the article is in good article shape now. '''Promote.''' -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 17:51, 26 June 2025 (UTC) *:Thank you so much!!! [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 18:11, 26 June 2025 (UTC) *{{support}} Nice work! ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 13:21, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *{{support}} Created articles for the remaining redlinks. Article is in good shape for promotion. Great work! --[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 15:14, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *:@[[User:Asteralee|Asteralee]] @[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] '''Thank you so much!!!!!''' [[User:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia; color: #ff90be">🌷Reverosie🌷</b>]]<sup>[[User talk:Reverosie|<b style="font-family: Georgia;color:#ffbdd8">★talk★</b>]]</sup> 16:41, 30 June 2025 (UTC) *'''Promoted''' Clear consensus--[[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">hi</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 09:26, 1 July 2025 (UTC) {{section resolved|1=[[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">hi</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 09:26, 1 July 2025 (UTC)}} ---- :''The above discussion is preserved as an [[Help:Archiving a talk page|archive]]. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not change it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page, such as the current discussion page. No more changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive bottom --></div> <div class="boilerplate" style="background-color: #EDEAFF; padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px; border: 1px solid #8779DD;"> :''The following discussion is closed. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive top--> ---- ===Mia Love=== :{{la|Mia Love}} *{{tick}} The article is about a subject suitable for Wikipedia. *{{tick}} The article is fairly complete, with a prose size of 9268 B (1433 words). *{{tick}} The article has gone through a few revisions, but not by different editors. *{{tick}} The article is filed in the appropriate category. *{{tick}} It has at least one interwiki link. *{{tick}} The article is stable with no recent big changes or ongoing change wars. *{{tick}} There are no templates indicating that the article needs improvement. *{{tick}} Content from books, journal articles, and other publications is properly referenced. The article has been expanded, is properly sourced, simplified as much as I could find [feedback always welcome :)], proper cats, no redlinks and thoroughly covers the subject. Please let me know if there's any way I can improve the article! There's often some tricky words that cannot/might require more attention to simplify when it comes to politicians, but I think I tackled most of it down. Thank you for your consideration! :) --[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 02:15, 12 June 2025 (UTC) :*{{support}} I enjoyed reading the whole article and can see nothing glaring that needs to be changed. It would have been good to have more people editing it but often that's not the case for GAs. Good luck : '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 17:32, 13 June 2025 (UTC) :'''Promoted''' per above--[[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">hi</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 08:17, 3 July 2025 (UTC) {{section resolved|1=[[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">hi</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 08:17, 3 July 2025 (UTC)}} ---- :''The above discussion is preserved as an [[Help:Archiving a talk page|archive]]. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not change it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page, such as the current discussion page. No more changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive bottom --></div> ==Related pages== *[[Wikipedia:Requirements for good articles]] *[[Wikipedia:Requirements for very good articles]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles]] *[[Wikipedia:Proposed article demotion]] [[Category:Good articles|*]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration]] jj17k48dnd1ki6qla7se51eo0res0ok 0 171570 10368736 10367246 2025-07-03T02:24:09Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368736 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''General Weighted Average (GWA)''' is a standard measure of academic performance used in the [[Philippines]]. It is calculated by averaging all final course grades, weighted by their credit units, for a specific semester or academic program.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grade averages – UP Diliman |url=https://our.upd.edu.ph/files/acadinfo/GRADE%20AVERAGES%20.pdf |publisher=University of the Philippines Diliman |access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref> == Calculation Method == GWA is calculated using: :<math>\mathrm{GWA} = \frac{\sum (\text{grade} \times \text{units})}{\sum \text{units}}</math> This includes every graded subject—pass or fail. Some institutions may choose to exclude non-credit or remedial courses.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Student Handbook FAQs – UP Diliman |url=https://our.upd.edu.ph/faqs/ecfaq.pdf |publisher=University of the Philippines Diliman |access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref> == Grading Scale == The most commonly used grading scale in the Philippines runs from 1.00 (highest) to 5.00 (failing), with 3.00 being the minimum passing mark. For example, the University of the Philippines uses: {| class="wikitable" ! Grade !! Description |- | 1.00 || Excellent |- | 1.25–1.75 || Very Good |- | 2.00–2.50 || Good |- | 2.75–3.00 || Satisfactory / Passed |- | 4.00 || Conditional |- | 5.00 || Failure |} A 4.00 typically means "conditional" and may be removed by taking a re-examination within a year; otherwise, it becomes a failing 5.00.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UP Diliman Grading System |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_Diliman |access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref> == Academic Uses == GWA is used by schools and scholarship boards for: * Awarding [[Latin honors]] (''cum laude'', ''magna cum laude'', etc.) * Determining eligibility for scholarships and financial aid * Academic standing evaluations such as academic probation or honors lists<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHED Citizen’s Charter – Senior High GWA requirement |url=https://chedro3.ched.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CHEDCOandRO-Citizens-Charter-1-for-finalization.pdf |publisher=CHED Region III |access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref> * Admissions to graduate or professional programs == Comparison with GPA == GWA uses a descending scale —where 1.00 is the highest grade—while GPA systems (like those used in the U.S.) use an ascending scale, with 4.00 or 5.00 as the top grade. The direction reflects different grading traditions and how numerical ranks were historically applied. == Challenges and Variability == Since each university may have slightly different grading thresholds and rules (e.g. use of percentage, letter grades, handling of conditional or incomplete marks), GWA comparisons across schools can be misleading. Additionally, subjective grading standards and grade removal policies—such as whether a 4.00 is dropped or converted—can affect consistency.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Removal of “Incomplete” and Conditional Grades – UP Diliman |url=https://our.upd.edu.ph/files/acadinfo/GRADE%20OF%20INCOMPLETE.pdf |publisher=University of the Philippines Diliman |access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref> == Related pages == * [[Academic grading in the Philippines]] * [[Grading in education|Grade Point Average]] * [[Latin honors]] == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://mygwacalculator.com GWA Calculator] – Free, publicly accessible tool for computing GWA (non-commercial). [[Category:Education in the Philippines]] mzfo0xjvzcafi9cfqvwryq0lzf1y35j 0 173357 10369254 10124770 2025-07-03T09:05:52Z 147.161.166.104 10369254 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist |Name = Pontus Norgren |Img = Pontus Norgren 2010.05.06.jpg |Img_capt = Norgren performing in 2010 |Background = non_vocal_instrumentalist |birth_name = |Alias = |birth_date= {{birth date and age|1968|4|22|df=y}} |Instrument = [[Guitar]] |Genre = [[Heavy metal music|Heavy metal]], [[power metal]] |Occupation = [[Musician]] |Years_active = |associated_acts = [[Hammerfall]], [[The Poodles]] |website = {{url|pontusnorgren.com}} }} '''Pontus Norgren''' (born 22 April 1968) is a [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[guitarist]]. He is the current guitarist of the [[power metal]] band [[HammerFall]] and the former guitarist of [[The Poodles]], Talisman, Humanimal, Great King Rat and Jekyll and Hyde. Pontus has also released a solo album called Damage Done in 2000. {{HammerFall}} {{bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Norgren, Pontus}} [[Category:1968 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Power metal]] [[Category:HammerFall]] [[Category:Swedish heavy metal guitarists]] kni7g0plk3vq87rae606kuxqyr08k31 10369256 10369254 2025-07-03T09:06:36Z Igor123121 1293570 Undid revision 10369254 by [[Special:Contributions/147.161.166.104|147.161.166.104]] ([[User talk:147.161.166.104|talk]]) Unsourced 10369256 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist |Name = Pontus Norgren |Img = Pontus Norgren 2010.05.06.jpg |Img_capt = Norgren performing in 2010 |Background = non_vocal_instrumentalist |birth_name = |Alias = |birth_date= {{birth date and age|1968|4|22|df=y}} |Instrument = [[Guitar]] |Genre = [[Heavy metal music|Heavy metal]], [[power metal]] |Occupation = [[Musician]] |Years_active = |associated_acts = [[Hammerfall]], [[The Poodles]] |website = {{url|pontusnorgren.com}} }} '''Pontus Norgren''' (born 22 April 1968) is a [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[guitarist]]. He is the current guitarist of the [[power metal]] band [[HammerFall]] and the former guitarist of [[The Poodles]]. {{HammerFall}} {{bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Norgren, Pontus}} [[Category:1968 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Power metal]] [[Category:HammerFall]] [[Category:Swedish heavy metal guitarists]] h9povusj976c6zx0sdvk1vn2rv1qefp 0 177057 10369487 7244513 2025-07-03T11:49:34Z Ferien 1011873 Nominated for deletion; see [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/12 Apostles (record label)]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369487 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|Appears to fail [[WP:GNG]], also see [[:w:en:Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/12 Apostles (record label) (2nd nomination)]].}} {{infobox record label | image = | founded = 2000 | founder = Benedict Davies & Sean Hocking | genre = Indie | country = [[England]] & [[USA]] | url = http://www.12-apostles.com/ }} '''12 Apostles''' is an [[independent record label]] based in [[London]], [[England]] and [[Brooklyn]], [[USA]]. 12 Apostles Records specialises in 12 inch [[vinyl record]] releases that are distributed by Cargo International in the UK. == Artists on 12 Apostles label == * [[Dsico]] * [[Girl Talk (musician)|Girl talk]] * [[Hamster Dragster]] * [[Oh Astro]] * [[ROC (band)|ROC]] * [[Ollo(band)|Ollo]] * [[The Mavs]] == Related pages == * [[List of record labels]] == Other websites == * [http://www.12-apostles.com/ Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070405172554/http://www.12-apostles.com/ |date=2007-04-05 }} * [http://www.myspace.com/12apostles 12 Apostles] on [[MySpace]] {{music-stub}} [[Category:British record labels]] [[Category:American record labels]] [[Category:Indie music record labels]] [[Category:2000 establishments]] [[Category:Independent record labels]] dlppfpmpn4ayhr5r530be6m6t8xlour 0 177897 10369408 10219174 2025-07-03T11:08:43Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10369408 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox President | honorific-prefix = [[Excellency|His Excellency]] [[Professor|Prof]] [[Engineer|Dr. Ing]] [[Hajji|H.]] | name = B. J. Habibie | image = Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie official portrait.jpg | order = 3rd | office = President of Indonesia | term_start = 21 May 1998 | term_end = 20 October 1999 | vicepresident = ''none'' | predecessor = [[Soeharto]] | successor = [[Abdurrahman Wahid]] | order2 = 7th | office2 = Vice President of Indonesia | president2 = [[Soeharto]] | term_start2 = 11 March 1998 | term_end2 = 21 May 1998 | predecessor2 = [[Try Sutrisno]] | successor2 = [[Megawati Soekarnoputri]] | office3 = State Minister for Research and Technology of Indonesia | order3 = 4th | term_start3 = 29 March 1978 | term_end3 = 16 March 1998 | president3 = [[Soeharto]] | predecessor3 = [[Soemitro Djojohadikoesoemo]] | successor3 = Rahardi Ramelan | birth_name = Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie | birth_date = {{birth date|1936|6|25}} | birth_place = [[Parepare]], [[South Sulawesi]], [[Indonesia]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2019|9|11|1936|6|25}} | death_place = [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]] | death_cause = [[Heart failure]] caused by [[cardiomyopathy]] | occupation = {{hlist|[[Engineer]]|[[Aviation industrialist]]|[[Politician]]}} | alma_mater = [[Bandung Institute of Technology]] <small>([[Mechanical Engineering]] 1954)</small><br />[[RWTH Aachen University|RWTH]] <small>([[Bachelor of Engineering|B.E.]] 1955)</small><br />[[RWTH Aachen University|RWTH]] <small>([[Doctor of Engineering|Ing.]] 1962)</small> | spouse = {{marriage|[[Hasri Ainun Habibie|Hasri Ainun Besari]]|12 May 1962|22 May 2010|end=d.}} | children = Ilham Akbar Habibie (b. 1963)<br />Thareq Kemal Habibie (b. 1966) | father = Alwi Abdul Jalil Habibie | mother = Tuti Marini Puspowardojo | party = [[Golkar]] | signature = Signature of B. J. Habibie.svg }} '''Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie''' (25 June 1936 - 11 September 2019)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Komara |first1=Indra |title=BJ Habibie Meninggal Dunia |url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4702307/bj-habibie-tutup-usia |access-date=11 September 2019 |work=detikNews |date=11 September 2019 |language=id |archive-date=14 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114185845/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4702307/bj-habibie-meninggal-dunia |url-status=dead }}</ref> was an Indonesian engineer who was [[President of Indonesia]] from May 21, 1998 to October 20, 1999. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Related pages== *[[List of scientists]] *[[List of Asian scientists by country]] {{S-start}} {{S-off}} {{S-bef|before=[[Soeharto]]}} {{S-ttl | title = [[President of Indonesia]]| | years = 1998 - 1999 }} {{S-aft|after=[[Abdurrahman Wahid]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[Try Sutrisno]]}} {{S-ttl | title = [[Vice President of Indonesia]]| | years = 1998 }} {{S-vac|next=[[Megawati Soekarnoputri]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[Soemitro Djojohadikoesoemo]]}} {{S-ttl | title = [[State Minister for Research and Technology of Indonesia]]| | years = 1978 - 1998 }} {{S-aft|after=Rahardi Ramelan}} {{s-gov}} {{s-new}} {{S-ttl | title = Head of Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology| | years = 1974 - 1998 }} {{S-aft|after=Rahardi Ramelan}} {{S-end}} {{Indonesia Presidents}} {{Indonesia Vice Presidents}} {{Authority control}} {{bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Habibie, Bacharuddin Jusuf}} [[Category:Indonesian Muslims]] [[Category:Presidents of Indonesia]] [[Category:Vice presidents of Indonesia]] [[Category:1936 births]] [[Category:2019 deaths]] 544ygiptgvr8l6atqj9bxlweon9y6sp 0 180779 10369058 9054224 2025-07-03T06:29:52Z Italianuser1922 1633096 10369058 wikitext text/x-wiki {{distinguish2|the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] (1943-1991)}} {{Infobox Former Country | native_name = Савезна Република Југославија<br />''Savezna Republika Jugoslavija'' | conventional_long_name = Federal Republic of Yugoslavia | common_name = Yugoslavia | continent = Europe | region = Balkans | status = Federation | year_start = 1992 | year_end = 2003 | date_start = April 28 | date_end = February 4 | event_start = | event_end = [[Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro|Reconstituted]] | p1 = Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia | flag_p1 = Flag of SFR Yugoslavia.svg | s1 = Serbia and Montenegro | flag_s1 = Flag of Serbia and Montenegro.svg | flag = Flag of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia | image_flag = Flag of FR Yugoslavia.svg | coat = Coat of arms of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia | image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.svg | image_map = Europe location SCG.png | national_anthem = "''[[Hey, Slavs]]''" | common_languages = [[Serbo-Croatian language|Serbo-Croatian]] (1992-1996)<br>[[Serbian language|Serbian]] (1996-2002) | capital = Belgrade | latd = 44 | latm = 49 | latNS = N | longd = 20 | longm = 28 | longEW = E | government_type = Republic | title_leader = [[President of Yugoslavia|President]] | leader1 = Dobrica Ćosić | year_leader1 = 1992 - 1993 | leader2 = Zoran Lilić | year_leader2 = 1993 - 1997 | leader3 = Slobodan Milošević | year_leader3 = 1996 – 2000 | leader4 = Vojislav Koštunica | year_leader4 = 2000 - 2002 | title_deputy = [[Prime Minister of Yugoslavia|Prime Minister]] | deputy1 = Milan Panić | year_deputy1 = 1992 - 1993 | deputy2 = Radoje Kontić | year_deputy2 = 1993 - 1998 | deputy3 = Momir Bulatović | year_deputy3 = 1998 - 2000 | deputy4 = Zoran Žižić | year_deputy4 = 2000 - 2001 | deputy5 = Dragiša Pešić | year_deputy5 = 2001 - 2003 | event_pre = Constitution | date_pre = [[April 27]], [[1992]] | event2 = [[United Nations member states|UN membership]] | date_event2 = [[November 1]], [[2000]] | stat_area1 = 102350 | stat_pop1 = 10.656.929 | stat_year1 = 2002 | currency = [[Yugoslav dinar]], [[Euro (currency)|Euro]], [[Deutsch mark]] | time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | cctld = [[.yu]] | calling_code = 381 }} [[Image:Passport of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.jpg|thumb|225px|right|Front cover of old Federal Republic of Yugoslavia passport which was used in [[Serbia]] until the late 2000s.]] The '''Federal Republic of Yugoslavia''' ({{lang-sr|Савезна Република Југославија}} / ''Savezna Republika Jugoslavija'') or '''FRY''' was a federal state constructed by the republics of [[Republic of Serbia (federal)|Serbia]] and [[Republic of Montenegro (federal)|Montenegro]]. They were parts of the former [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] (SFRY) where the majority of the people were [[Serbs]]. The new federation was created after the other four republics broke away from Yugoslavia amid rising ethnic attacks, war and tension. The state existed from 1992 to 2002, when it was reconstituted as a State Union of [[Serbia and Montenegro]]. It existed for three years until a referendum for independence in [[Montenegro]] resulted in the majority of Montenegrins supporting separation from [[Serbia]]. This resulted in both [[Montenegro]] and [[Serbia]] becoming different countries. <gallery> Image:Scg01.png Image:Scg02.png </gallery> [[Category:History of Yugoslavia]] 0tijbuvezuxri3792aw0f13d4akm207 0 181147 10368510 10358617 2025-07-02T23:49:56Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ JP 10368510 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox animanga/Header | name = Detective Conan | image = | caption = | ja_kanji = 名探偵コナン | ja_romaji = Meitantei Konan | genre = [[Mystery fiction|Mystery]], [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.viz.com/case-closed|title=Official Website for Case Closed|publisher=Viz Media |access-date=October 27, 2017}}</ref><!-- Genres should be based on what reliable sources list them as and not on personal interpretations. Limit of the three most relevant genres in accordance with [[MOS:A&M]]. --> }} {{Infobox animanga/Print | type = manga | author = [[Gosho Aoyama]] | publisher = [[Shogakukan]] | publisher_en = {{English manga publishers | NA = [[Viz Media]] | UK = [[Victor Gollancz Ltd]] <small>(#1–15 only)</small> | SG = [[Shogakukan Asia]] <small>(As ''Detective Conan'')</small> }} | demographic = ''[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]'', [[Kodomo|Children]] | magazine = [[Weekly Shōnen Sunday]] | first = January 19, 1994 | last = | volumes = 107 | volume_list = List of Detective Conan volumes }} {{Infobox animanga/Video | type = tv series | director = [[Kenji Kodama]] <small>(#1–118)</small><br /> [[Yasuichiro Yamamoto]] <small>(#119–332, #667–currently)</small><br> Masato Satō <small>(#333–504)</small><br>Kōjin Ochi <small>(#505–666)</small> | producer = Michihiko Suwa<br /> Masahito Yoshioka | writer = Jun'ichi Ii'oka <small>(story editor)</small> | music = Katsuo Ono | studio = [[TMS Entertainment]] | licensee = {{English anime licensees | AUS = Hanabee Entertainment | NA = [[Funimation]] <small>(expired)</small> }} | network = [[Nippon Television Network System|NNS]] ([[Yomiuri Telecasting Corporation|ytv]]) | network_en = {{English anime networks | CA = [[YTV (TV channel)|YTV]] | PH = [[Animax Asia]], [[GMA Network]] | IN = [[Jetix]] | US = [[Adult Swim]], [[Funimation Channel]], United Television Broadcasting, [[TV Japan]] }} | first = January 8, 1996 | last = | episodes = 1167<!-- This parameter should only be incremented when new episodes air or when a [[Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources|reliable source]] can confirm a specific number of episodes. --> | episode_list = List of Detective Conan episodes (seasons 16–current) }} {{Infobox animanga/Print | title = Detective Conan: Zero's Tea Time | type = manga | author = Takahiro Arai | publisher = Shogakukan | demographic = ''Shōnen'' | magazine = Weekly Shōnen Sunday | publisher_en = {{English manga publishers | SG = Shogakukan Asia }} | first = May 9, 2018 | last = | volumes = 2 | volume_list = List of Detective Conan volumes#Zero's Tea Time }} {{Infobox animanga/Other | title = Related media | content = * [[List of Detective Conan films|''Detective Conan'' films]] * [[List of Detective Conan OVAs|''Detective Conan'' OVAs]] * [[Detective Conan discography|''Detective Conan'' discography]] * [[List of Detective Conan live action drama episodes|''Detective Conan'' live action drama]] * [[List of Detective Conan video games|''Detective Conan'' video games]] }} {{Infobox animanga/Footer}} {{nihongo|'''''Detective Conan'''''|名探偵コナン|Meitantei Konan}}, also known as '''''Case Closed''''' is a children's [[Crime fiction|crime]] [[manga]] series. This comic is written and illustrated by Gosho Aoyama. The series began in 1994. The manga series has been made into an [[anime]] [[Television program|television show]]. It has been on the air since 1996. When ''Detective Conan'' first arrived in the United States, the name was changed to '''''Case Closed''''' in English for legal reasons that were never specified.<ref>FUNimation, [https://web.archive.org/web/20040327142351/http://caseclosed.com/ "''Case Closed'' FAQ" (FAQ is an ][[acronym]]<span>. FAQ means "</span>'''F'''<span>requently </span>'''A'''<span>sked </span>'''Q'''<span>uestions")</span>; retrieved 2012-6-13.</ref> Some of the character names were be changed as well. Shinichi had his first name changed to Jimmy. Ran Mori became Rachel Moore, while her father became Richard. Hiroshi had his first name changed to Hershel. Heiji Hattori became Harley Hartwell. Sonoko Suzuki became Serena Sebastian. Ai Haibara became Anita Hailey. However, Conan kept his Japanese name in English. == Premise == ''Detective Conan'' is about a teenage detective named Shinichi Kudo, who is poisoned by an evil group called "The Black Organization". The poison was supposed to kill him. However, the poison instead turned him into a small child. Shinichi adopts a new identity as "Conan Edogawa", and lives with his girlfriend, Ran Mouri, and her father, Detective Kogoro Mori, under the pretense that his parents are away and unable to take care of him. As a child, Shinichi/Conan helps Kogorou solve murder cases, while trying to find the evil men who poisoned him, to steal the poison and create an antidote. ==Outline== This is the reasoning comics describing a high school student detective solving many incidents. His name is Shinichi Kudo. The 17 year old changed to a small child's body because of poison by the Black Organization. The Black organization is an international crime organization and its main activity is assassination, trading, and inventing new drugs. The code names of the members are usually named after liquors. For example, [[Gin]], [[Vodka]], and [[Vermouth]]. Ai Haibara, who invented the drug Shinichi took, was a member of this organization but when she was locked in handcuffs, she took the same drug Shinichi took, and became a six year-old girl and escaped from them. Her old code name was Sherry. ==Gadgets== *Glasses :Detective Conan has huge glasses with non-vision-correcting lenses. The glasses have many functions: [[radar]], thermography, [[telescope]], listening microphone, directional microphone. *Watch :With a tranquilizing gun function. This watch can only store one tranquilizing needle, so Conan must use it wisely. *Bow Tie :With a voice-changing function. Conan puts Richard to sleep with the tranquilizer watch and solves cases using his voice. *DB button/badge :DB means DETECTIVE BOYS. The micro transceiver is built in the button. The communication range is less than 20&nbsp;km in radius. *Skateboard :With a turbo-engine function. Conan uses this to pursue criminals. *Shoes :The item reinforces his kick power. Conan can kick soccer balls in order to knock out the criminal. *Suspenders :With a stretch function. When Conan switches the suspenders on, the suspenders stretch and shrink freely. :* Button Speaker :* Wristwatch Flashlight ==Characters== *[[Jimmy Kudo|Shinichi Kudo/Conan Edogawa]] The protagonist. He solves cases (mostly murders) as a first grader. His seventeen-year-old body was shrunk due to a poison created by the Black Organization. He use a wide array of gadgets to solve crimes. *Ran Mori A high-school friend of Shinichi. Conan lives with her, and she is not aware of his true identity. She longs to see Shinichi again. *Kogoro Mori Ran's father. He is a famous private detective, but his fame is due to Conan solving cases using his voice (via the Voice-Changing Bowtie). *Hiroshi Agasa A plump doctor/professor who knows Conan's true identity and makes gadgets for him. *Ai Haibara A former member of the Black Organization. Her body shrunk due to the same poison that Conan took. *Heiji Hattori A rival high school detective who knows Conan's true identity and is called the "teen detective of the west" *Sonoko Suzuki A boy-crazy friend of Ran's. Conan sometimes uses her voice to solve crimes instead of Kogoro's. She is also a big fan of KID, the phantom thief. * Kaito Kuroba Kaitou Kid (怪盗キッド ''Kaitō Kiddo'', lit. Phantom Thief Kid) is the secret identity of the main character in the manga and anime franchise ''[[Magic Kaito]]'', and a recurring character in the manga and anime franchise ''Detective Conan''. ==Black Organization== *Boss (referred to as "That Person") *Gin *Vodka *Vermouth *Chianti *Korn *Bourbon *Kir *Rum ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Wikiquote|Detective Conan}} *Shogakukan, [http://websunday.net/conan/index.html Detective Conan website] {{in lang|ja}} *[http://www.gamf.jp/english Gosho Aoyama website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216184137/http://www.gamf.jp/english/ |date=2012-02-16 }} {{in lang|en}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Detective Conan}} [[Category:Anime]] [[Category:TMS Entertainment]] [[Category:Japanese-language television programs]] 0sbo2t1f1yre7bbd9laa729hwwk5t39 10 182482 10368637 10366801 2025-07-03T01:33:05Z Cyberbot I 224035 Updating Admin Stats ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10368637 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Adminstats/Core |edits=26528 |ed=28587 |created=3 |deleted=10990 |revdel=100 |eventdel=13 |restored=73 |blocked=916 |protected=169 |unprotected=16 |rights=229 |reblock=106 |unblock=15 |modify=44 |filter=12 |merge=0 |massmessage=0 |rename=78 |import=452 |style={{{style|}}}}} l9okyv0n5i2c1ia3r1y802jy8twackn 2 182488 10368121 10342985 2025-07-02T19:22:04Z Barras 40117 /* Mine */ fix 10368121 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ * {{bureaucrat|Barras}} ==Admin stuff== * [[WP:ANI|AN]] * [[WP:RFD|RfD]] ==Bureaucrat stuff== * [[WP:RFA|RfA]] * [[WP:CfA|CfA]] * [[Wikipedia:Changing username|Rename]] * [[Special:RenameUser]] * [[Wikipedia talk:Bots|Bot]] ==Checkuser stuff== * [[WP:CU|CU]] * [[Special:CheckUserLog]] * [http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CheckUser/Log?cuSearchType=initiator&cuSearch=Barras&year=&month=-1&cuSearchSubmit=%C2%A0%C2%A0Search%C2%A0%C2%A0 my CUs] ==Oversight stuff== * [[WP:OS|OS]] * [[Special:Log/suppress]] * [http://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ALog&type=suppress&user=Barras&page=&offender=&year=&month=-1 my suppressions] * [[Special:Oversight]] * [http://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AOversight&user=Barras&page=&author= my oversights] ==Nominations== * [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Bluegoblin7 2|Bluegoblin7]], closed 10 April 2009 by [[User:The Rambling Man|The Rambling Man]] at 23/4 ('''passed''') * [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Mercy|Mercy]], closed 21 June 2009 by [[User:Chenzw|Chenzw]] at 17/1 ('''passed''') * [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Pmlinediter|Pmlineditor]], closed 12 September 2009 by [[User:The Rambling Man|The Rambling Man]] at 24/1 ('''passed''') * [[wikt:Wiktionary:Requests for permissions/Archive 2#Pmlinediter|Pmlineditor (wikt)]], closed 16 October 2009 by [[wikt:User:Razorflame|Razorflame]] at 7/0 ('''passed''') * [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Bluegoblin7 5|Bluegoblin7 (again)]], closed 7 January 2010 by [[User:Vector|Vector]] at 24/9 ('''passed''') * [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Griffinofwales 2|Griffinofwales]], closed 20 January 2010 by [[User:Juliancolton|Juliancolton]] at 21/2 ('''passed''') * [[meta:Meta:Requests for adminship/Bsadowski1|Bsadowski1 (meta)]], closed 25 May 2010 by [[m:User:Alexanderps|Alexanderps]] at 21/0 ('''passed''') * [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Sonia|Sonia]], closed 10 July 2010 by [[User:Barras|Barras]] at 29/0 ('''passed''') * [[wikt:Wiktionary:Requests for permissions/Archive 3#Arbitrarily0|Arbitrarily0 (wikt)]], closed 18 September 2010 by [[wikt:User:Brett|Brett]] at 8/0 ('''passed''') * [[Wikipedia:Requests for checkusership/Mentifisto|Mentifisto (checkuser)]], closed 30 November 2010 by [[User:PeterSymonds|PeterSymonds]] at 25/3 ('''passed''') * [[m:Meta:Requests for adminship/PeterSymonds|PeterSymonds (meta)]], closed 10 January 2011 by [[m:User:Mardetanha|Mardetanha]] at 53/1 ('''passed''') * [[m:Meta:Requests for adminship/Fr33kman|Fr33kman (meta)]], closed 12 March 2011 by [[m:User:Tiptoety|Tiptoety]] at 31/1 ('''passed''') * [[m:Meta:Requests for adminship/Trijnstel|Trijnstel (meta)]], closed 31 March 2011 by [[m:User:Alexanderps|Alexanderps]] at 32/0 ('''passed''') * [[m:Meta:Requests_for_adminship/Wikitanvir|Wikitanvir (meta)]], closed 10 April 2011 by [[m:User:WizardOfOz|WizardOfOz]] at 30/0 ('''passed''') * [[m:Meta:Requests for adminship/Axpde|Axpde (meta)]], closed 20 June 2011 by [[m:User:Quentinv57|Quentinv57]] at 16/1/2 ('''passed''') * [[m:Meta:Requests for adminship/Ruy Pugliesi|Ruy Pugliesi (meta)]], closed 3 July 2011 by [[m:User:Tiptoety|Tiptoety]] at 30/10/1 ('''passed''') * [[m:Meta:Requests for adminship/Vituzzu|Vituzzu (meta)]], closed 31 October 2011 by [[m:User:MarcoAurelio|MarcoAurelio]] at 29/0/0 ('''passed''') * [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Orashmatash 2|Orashmatash]], closed 8 January 2012 by [[User:Barras|Barras]] at 13/2 ('''passed''') * [[m:Meta:Requests for checkuser/Billinghurst|Billinghurst (meta, checkuser)]], closed 9 March 2012 by [[User:Barras|Barras]] at 37/1 ('''passed''') * [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Osiris|Osiris]], closed 28 March 2012 by [[User:Djsasso|Djsasso]] at 21/0 ('''passed''') * [[m:Meta:Requests for adminship/Mh7kJ|Mh7kJ (meta)]], closed 22 July 2012 by [[m:User:M7|M/]] at 24/0 ('''passed''') * [[m:Meta:Requests for checkuser/Trijnstel|Trinjstel (meta, checkuser)]], closed 22 September 2013 by [[m:User:Quentinv57|Quentinv57]] at 28/0 ('''passed''') * [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Glaisher|Glaisher]], closed 22 March 2014 by [[User:Chenzw|Chenzw]] at 9/0 ('''passed''') * [[m:Meta:Requests for adminship/Glaisher|Glaisher (meta)]], closed 8 April 2014 by [[m:User:Matanya|Matanya]] at 33/0 ('''passed''') * [[m:Meta:Requests for checkuser/MarcoAurelio|MarcoAurelio (meta)]], closed 27 December 2014 by [[m:User:M7|M/]] at 29/0 ('''passed''') * [[m:Meta:Requests for adminship/Az1568 2|Az1567 (meta)]], closed 21 February 2015 by [[m:User:M7|M/]] at 29/0 ('''passed''') * [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Caliburn|Caliburn]], closed 7 April 2015 by [[User:Djsasso|Djsasso]] at 16/0 ('''passed''') ==Mine== *[[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Barras|Simple English Wikipedia RfA]], nominated by [[User:Bluegoblin7|Bluegoblin7]], closed 9 May 2009 by [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] at 20/1 ('''passed''') *[[Wikipedia:Requests for oversightership/Barras_2|Simple English Wikipedia RfO]], self nomination, closed 14 August 2009 by [[User:NonvocalScream|NonvocalScream]] at 26/0 ('''passed''') *[[wikt:Wiktionary:Requests_for_permissions/Archive_1#User:Barras|Simple English Wiktionary RfA]], self nomination, closed 18 August 2009 by [[wikt:User:Brett|Brett]] at 6/3 ('''passed''') *[[m:Meta:Requests for adminship/Barras|Meta RfA]], nominated by [[m:User:Majorly|Majorly]], closed 22 October 2009 by [[m:User:Dungodung|Dungodung]] at 20/1 ('''passed''') *[[Wikipedia:Requests for bureaucratship/Barras|Simple English Wikipedia RfB]], nominated by [[User:Bluegoblin7|Bluegoblin7]], closed 30 November 2009 by [[User:Juliancolton|Juliancolton]] at 15/0 ('''passed''') *[[wikt:Wiktionary:Requests_for_permissions/Archive_2#Barras|Simple English Wiktionary RfB]], self nomination, closed 2 December 2009 by [[wikt:User:Brett|Brett]] at 9/0 ('''passed''') *[[m:Meta:Requests for bureaucratship/Barras|Meta RfB]], self nomination, closed 19 July 2010 by [[m:User:VasilievVV|VVV]] at 11/0 ('''passed''') *[[Wikipedia:Requests for checkusership/Barras‎|Simple English Wikipedia RfCU]], nominated by [[User:NonvocalScream|NonvocalScream]], closed 6 August 2010 by [[User:NonvocalScream|NonvocalScream]] at 27/0 ('''passed''') *[[m:Stewards/elections_2011/votes/Barras|Stewardship]], self nomination, closed 28 February 2011 by [[m:Stewards/elections 2011#Election Committee|election Committee members]] at 236/6/6 ('''passed''') *[[m:Meta:Requests for checkuser/Barras|Meta RfCU]], self nomination, closed 28 March 2011 by [[m:User:Mardetanha|Mardetanha]] at 26/0 ('''passed''') *[[m:Meta:Requests for oversight/Barras|Meta RfO]], nominated by [[m:User:PeterSymonds|PeterSymonds]], closed 25 July 2012 by [[m:User:Mentifisto|Mentifisto]] at 29/0 ('''passed''') *[[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Barras_2|Simple English Wikipedia second RfA]], nominated by [[User:BRPever|BRPever]], closed 19 June 2025 by [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] at 15/2 ('''passed''') ==Admin statistics== {{adminstats|Barras}} == Checkuser statistics== Number of my checks: :: <table class="wikitable"><!-- --><tr><th>Date</th><th colspan="2">Number of checks</th></tr><!-- --><tr><td>August 2010</td><td>67</td><td>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<br />+++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>September 2010</td><td>122</td><td>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<br />++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<br />++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>October 2010</td><td>17</td><td>+++++++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>November 2010</td><td>22</td><td>++++++++++++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>December 2010</td><td>39</td><td>+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>January 2011</td><td>39</td><td>+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>February 2011</td><td>37</td><td>+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>March 2011</td><td>107</td><td>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<br />+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>April 2011</td><td>52</td><td>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>May 2011</td><td>35</td><td>+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>June 2011</td><td>29</td><td>+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>July 2011</td><td>11</td><td>+++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>August 2011</td><td>13</td><td>+++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>September 2011</td><td>28</td><td>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>October 2011</td><td>22</td><td>++++++++++++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>November 2011</td><td>9</td><td>+++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>December 2011</td><td>4</td><td>++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>January 2012</td><td>18</td><td>++++++++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>February 2012</td><td>66</td><td>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<br />++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>March 2012</td><td>77</td><td>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<br />+++++++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>April 2012</td><td>11</td><td>+++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>May 2012</td><td>44</td><td>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>June 2012</td><td>35</td><td>+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>July 2012</td><td>195</td><td>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<br />++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<br />++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<br />+++++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>August 2012</td><td>121</td><td>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<br />++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<br />+</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>September 2012</td><td>55</td><td>+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>October 2012</td><td>5</td><td>+++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>November 2012</td><td>9</td><td>+++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>Dcember 2012</td><td>4</td><td>++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>January 2013</td><td>11</td><td>+++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>February 2013</td><td>7</td><td>+++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>March 2013</td><td>12</td><td>++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>April 2013</td><td>4</td><td>++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>May 2013</td><td>2</td><td>++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>June 2013</td><td>11</td><td>+++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>July 2013</td><td>{{mdash}}</td><td>{{mdash}}</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>August 2013</td><td>7</td><td>+++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>September 2013</td><td>10</td><td>++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>October 2013</td><td>18</td><td>++++++++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>November 2013</td><td>20</td><td>++++++++++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>December 2013</td><td>10</td><td>++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>January 2014</td><td>11</td><td>+++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>February 2014</td><td>5</td><td>+++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>March 2014</td><td>10</td><td>++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>April 2014</td><td>2</td><td>++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>May 2014</td><td>8</td><td>++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>June 2014</td><td>{{mdash}}</td><td>{{mdash}}</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>July 2014</td><td>9</td><td>+++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>August 2014</td><td>{{mdash}}</td><td>{{mdash}}</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>September 2014</td><td>{{mdash}}</td><td>{{mdash}}</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>October 2014</td><td>3</td><td>+++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>November 2014</td><td>2</td><td>++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>December 2014</td><td>14</td><td>++++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>January 2015</td><td>39</td><td>+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>February 2015</td><td>18</td><td>++++++++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>March 2015</td><td>5</td><td>+++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>April 2015</td><td>11</td><td>+++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>May 2015</td><td>26</td><td>++++++++++++++++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>June 2015</td><td>{{mdash}}</td><td>{{mdash}}</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>July 2015</td><td>2</td><td>++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>August 2015</td><td>13</td><td>+++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>September 2015</td><td>10</td><td>++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>October 2015</td><td>2</td><td>++</td></tr><!-- --> </table> :: '''Total:''' 1,585 == Oversighter statistics == Number of my suppressions: :: <table class="wikitable"><!-- --><tr><th>Date</th><th colspan="2">Number of suppressions</th></tr><!-- --><tr><td>August 2009</td><td>133</td><td>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<br />++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<br />+++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>September 2009</td><td>72</td><td>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<br />++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>October 2009</td><td>25</td><td>+++++++++++++++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>November 2009</td><td>26</td><td>++++++++++++++++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>December 2009</td><td>49</td><td>+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>January 2010</td><td>3</td><td>+++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>February 2010</td><td>25</td><td>+++++++++++++++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>March 2010</td><td>1</td><td>+</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>April 2010</td><td>3</td><td>+++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>May 2010</td><td>6</td><td>++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>June 2010</td><td>5</td><td>+++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>July 2010</td><td>73</td><td>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<br />+++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>August 2010</td><td>8</td><td>++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>September 2010</td><td>4</td><td>++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>Oktober 2010</td><td>29</td><td>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>November 2010</td><td>1</td><td>+</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>December 2010</td><td>2</td><td>++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>January 2011</td><td>7</td><td>+++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>February 2011</td><td>1</td><td>+</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>March 2011</td><td>14</td><td>++++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>April 2011</td><td>3</td><td>+++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>May 2011<sup>*</sup></td><td>{{mdash}}</td><td>{{mdash}}</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>June 2011<sup>*</sup></td><td>{{mdash}}</td><td>{{mdash}}</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>July 2011<sup>*</sup></td><td>{{mdash}}</td><td>{{mdash}}</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>August 2011</td><td>2</td><td>++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>September 2011</td><td>9</td><td>+++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>October 2011</td><td>7</td><td>+++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>November 2011</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>December 2011</td><td>1</td><td>+</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>January 2012</td><td>10</td><td>++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>February 2012</td><td>5</td><td>+++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>March 2012</td><td>16</td><td>++++++++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>April 2012</td><td>1</td><td>+</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>May 2012</td><td>3</td><td>+++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>June 2012</td><td>3</td><td>+++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>July 2012</td><td>1</td><td>+</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>August 2012</td><td>4</td><td>++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>September 2012</td><td>1</td><td>+</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>October 2012</td><td>2</td><td>++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>November 2012</td><td>2</td><td>++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>December 2012</td><td>2</td><td>+</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>January 2013</td><td>{{mdash}}</td><td>{{mdash}}</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>February 2013</td><td>1</td><td>+</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>March 2013</td><td>5</td><td>+++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>April 2013</td><td>3</td><td>+++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>May 2013</td><td>{{mdash}}</td><td>{{mdash}}</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>June 2013</td><td>1</td><td>+</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>July 2013</td><td>1</td><td>+</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>August 2013</td><td>{{mdash}}</td><td>{{mdash}}</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>September 2013</td><td>{{mdash}}</td><td>{{mdash}}</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>October 2013</td><td>1</td><td>+</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>November 2013</td><td>1</td><td>+</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>December 2013</td><td>{{mdash}}</td><td>{{mdash}}</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>January 2014</td><td>4</td><td>++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>February 2014</td><td>2</td><td>++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>March 2014</td><td>5</td><td>+++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>April 2014</td><td>{{mdash}}</td><td>{{mdash}}</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>May 2014</td><td>{{mdash}}</td><td>{{mdash}}</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>June 2014</td><td>{{mdash}}</td><td>{{mdash}}</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>July 2014</td><td>6</td><td>++++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>August 2014</td><td>{{mdash}}</td><td>{{mdash}}</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>September 2014</td><td>{{mdash}}</td><td>{{mdash}}</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>October 2014</td><td>3</td><td>+++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>November 2014</td><td>2</td><td>++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>December 2014</td><td>4</td><td>++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>January 2015</td><td>2</td><td>++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>February 2015</td><td>4</td><td>++++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>March 2015</td><td>{{mdash}}</td><td>{{mdash}}</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>April 2015</td><td>{{mdash}}</td><td>{{mdash}}</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>May 2015</td><td>3</td><td>+++</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>June 2015</td><td>{{mdash}}</td><td>{{mdash}}</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>July 2015</td><td>1</td><td>+</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>August 2015</td><td>1</td><td>+</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>September 2015</td><td>{{mdash}}</td><td>{{mdash}}</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>October 2015</td><td>{{mdash}}</td><td>{{mdash}}</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>November 2015</td><td>1</td><td>+</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>December 2015</td><td>{{mdash}}</td><td>{{mdash}}</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>January 2016</td><td>{{mdash}}</td><td>{{mdash}}</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>February 2016</td><td>1</td><td>+</td></tr><!-- --><tr><td>March 2016</td><td>11</td><td>+++++++++++</td></tr><!-- --> </table> ::'''Total:''' 621 <small><sup>*</sup> I was not an oversighter at this time and thus have not done any actions.</small> fd2v3n2tzdj9iqt22i8119u20wya4xh 0 183205 10369281 10350865 2025-07-03T09:20:50Z Revathirajagopalan 1631619 Updates shared about New gTLD Next Round Latest update on Applicant Guide book release 10369281 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" align="right" width="30%" style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px" ! gTLD ! intended use |- | <tt>[[.aero]]</tt> | the air transport industry. |- | <tt>[[.arpa]]</tt> | reserved exclusively to support operationally-critical infrastructural identifier spaces as advised by the Internet Architecture Board |- | <tt>[[.asia]]</tt> | companies. organisations and individuals in the Asia-Pacific region |- | <tt>[[.biz]]</tt> | business use |- | <tt>[[.cat]]</tt> | [[Catalan language]]/culture |- | <tt>[[.com]]</tt> | commercial organizations, but unrestricted |- | <tt>[[.coop]]</tt> | cooperatives |- | <tt>[[.edu]]</tt> | post-secondary educational establishments |- | <tt>[[.gov]]</tt> | government entities within the [[United States]] at the federal, state, and local levels |- | <tt>[[.info]]</tt> | informational sites, but unrestricted |- | <tt>[[.int]]</tt> | international organizations established by treaty |- | <tt>[[.jobs]]</tt> | employment-related sites |- | <tt>[[.mil]]</tt> | the [[U.S. military]] |- | <tt>[[.mobi]]</tt> | sites catering to mobile devices |- | <tt>[[.museum]]</tt> | museums |- | <tt>[[.name]]</tt> | families and individuals |- | <tt>[[.net]]</tt> | originally for network infrastructures, now unrestricted |- | <tt>[[.org]]</tt> | originally for organizations not clearly falling within the other gTLDs, now unrestricted |- | <tt>[[.pro]]</tt> | certain professions |- | <tt>[[.tel]]</tt> | services involving connections between the telephone network and the Internet (added March 2, 2007) |- | <tt>[[.travel]]</tt> | travel agents, airlines, hoteliers, tourism bureaus, etc. |} A '''generic top-level domain''' (''gTLD'') is one category of internet domain with (TLDs) maintained by the [[Internet Assigned Numbers Authority]] (IANA) for use on the [[Internet]]. Now, IANA differenting next groups of Inttop-level domain:<ref>[http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/], the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129103343/http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db|date=2011-11-29}}</ref> * [[top-level domain#Infrastructure TLD|infrastructure top-level domain]] ([[ARPANET|.arpa]]) * [[Country code top-level domain|country-code top-level domains]] (ccTLD) * [https://new-gtld.com sponsored top-level domains] (sTLD) * '''generic top-level domains (gTLD)''' * '''generic-restricted top-level domains''' == Generic Top-Level Domain == A '''generic top-level domain (gTLD)''' is one kind of top-level domain (TLD) used on the Internet. It is part of the Domain Name System (DNS), which helps computers find websites by name.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Org|first=ICANN|title=What is Generic Top-Level Domains?|url=https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/tlds-2012-02-25-en}}</ref> == Types of Top-Level Domains == The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) lists these types of top-level domains:<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Org|first=IANA|title=IANA Root Zone Database|url=https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db}}</ref> * '''Infrastructure TLD''' – Example: <code>.arpa</code> * '''Country-code TLDs (ccTLDs)''' – Like <code>.uk</code>, <code>.in</code>, or <code>.jp</code> * '''Sponsored TLDs (sTLDs)''' – Backed by a private sponsor, such as <code>.edu</code> or <code>.gov</code> * '''Generic TLDs (gTLDs)''' – Examples include <code>.com</code>, <code>.org</code>, <code>.net</code>, and newer ones like <code>.app</code>, <code>.tech</code> * '''Generic-restricted TLDs''' – Like <code>.name</code> or <code>.pro</code>, where some rules apply == New gTLD Program == In 2012, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) allowed people and companies to apply for new gTLDs. This let organizations create domains like <code>.google</code>, <code>.bank</code>, or <code>.music</code>.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=News Services|first=BBC|date=20 June 2011|title=Icann to allow new web address endings.|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-13835997#:~:text=A%20global%20internet%20body%20has,endings%20from%20the%20current%2022.}}</ref> More than 1,200 new gTLDs have been added since then. ICANN plans to open a '''new round of applications in 2026''', with updated rules, fees, and procedures for applying.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />. On May 30, 2025 ICANN has published the first draft of the New gTLD Applicant Guidebook for the upcoming 2026 New gTLD Next Round seeking public comments. <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 May 2025|title=ICANN New gTLD Applicant Guidebook|url=https://www.icann.org/en/blogs/details/icann-opens-public-comment-on-draft-applicant-guidebook-30-05-2025-en|url-status=live|access-date=30 May 2025|website=ICANN Org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=3 Jul 2025|title=New gTLD Applicant Guidebook Draft - Public Comments|url=https://www.newgtldprogram.com/new-gtld-applicant-guide-book|url-status=live|access-date=3 Jul 2025|website=NEWgTLDprogram.com}}</ref>Post public comment the Final AGB will be published. == How gTLDs Are Used == gTLDs can be used by anyone, unless rules say otherwise. Some gTLDs are open to the public, while others are private or limited to certain groups. Businesses, cities, and even individuals use gTLDs to create custom web addresses. New gTLD Applicant Guide Book will have more detailed information about the next round. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Society|first=Internet|title=Introduction to DNS and gTLDs.|url=https://www.internetsociety.org/issues/past-categories/domain-name-system-dns/}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Venkatasubramanian|first=Venkatesh|date=2025-05-11|title=ICANN 2026 Applicant Guidebook Summary and Updates|url=https://www.newgtldprogram.com/post/the-new-gtld-applicant-guidebook-is-out-what-you-need-to-know-about-icann-s-2026-agb|url-status=live|access-date=2025-06-20|website=New gTLD Program}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Top-level domains]] bw2piie98q6olukevi5posng6csu4cq 0 183331 10368055 10351454 2025-07-02T18:22:55Z 78.80.38.142 improved 10368055 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Lionel Messi | image = Lionel-Messi-Argentina-2022-FIFA-World-Cup sharpness.jpg | caption = Messi with [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]] at the [[2022 FIFA World Cup]] | fullname = Lionel Andrés Messi<ref name="NameBirthHeight">{{cite web |url=https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce44/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf |title=FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022™: List of Players: Argentina |publisher=FIFA |page=1 |date=18 December 2022 |access-date=18 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218195301/https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce44/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf |archive-date=18 December 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|6|24|df=y}}<ref name="NameBirthHeight" /> | birth_place = [[Rosario, Santa Fe]], Argentina | height = 1.70 m<ref name="NameBirthHeight" /> | position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]] | currentclub = [[Inter Miami CF|Inter Miami]] | clubnumber = 10 | youthyears1 = 1992–1995 | youthclubs1 = Grandoli | youthyears2 = 1995–2000 | youthclubs2 = [[Newell's Old Boys]] | youthyears3 = 2000–2003 | youthclubs3 = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] | years1 = 2003–2004 | clubs1 = [[FC Barcelona C|Barcelona C]] | caps1 = 10 | goals1 = 5 | years2 = 2004–2005 | clubs2 = [[FC Barcelona B|Barcelona B]] | caps2 = 22 | goals2 = 6 | years3 = 2004–2021 | clubs3 = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] | caps3 = 778 | goals3 = 672 | years4 = 2021–2023 | clubs4 = [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] | caps4 = 75 | goals4 = 32 | years5 = 2023– | clubs5 = [[Inter Miami CF|Inter Miami]] | caps5 = 26 | goals5 = 25 | nationalyears1 = 2004–2005 | nationalteam1 = [[Argentina national under-20 football team|Argentina U20]] | nationalcaps1 = 18 | nationalgoals1 = 14 | nationalyears2 = 2008 | nationalteam2 = [[Argentina national under-23 football team|Argentina U23]] | nationalcaps2 = 5{{efn-lg|name=U23|Does not include an [[Non-FIFA international football|unofficial friendly match]] played on 24 May 2008 in Barcelona between Argentina U23 and the [[Catalonia national football team]],<ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527190720/http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2008/05/24/barcelona/1211658712.html |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2008/05/24/barcelona/1211658712.html |title=La selección catalana pierde ante Argentina (0–1) en un partido marcado por la política |website=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |archive-date=27 May 2008 |date=24 May 2008 |url-status=live |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225161247/http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/2008/05/25/pagina-18/1396683/pdf.html |url=http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/2008/05/25/pagina-18/1396683/pdf.html |title=Fiesta y equilibrio |website=[[Mundo Deportivo]] |page=18 |archive-date=25 December 2022 |date=25 May 2008 |url-status=live |language=es}}</ref> as Catalonia is not affiliated with either [[FIFA]] or [[UEFA]] as a [[List of men's national association football teams|national member association]] and is therefore not allowed to participate in official competitions.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hawkey |first=Ian |title=Catalonia and Basque Country reignite call for independent national football identities |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/spain/10541466/Catalonia-and-Basque-Country-reignite-call-for-independent-national-football-identities.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228184034/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/spain/10541466/Catalonia-and-Basque-Country-reignite-call-for-independent-national-football-identities.html |archive-date=28 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |website=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=30 December 2013 |access-date=28 December 2022 }}</ref>}} | nationalgoals2 = 2 | nationalyears3 = 2005– | nationalteam3 = [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]] | nationalcaps3 = 172 | nationalgoals3 = 98 | club-update = 23:32, 15 January 2023 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 19:05, 18 December 2024 (UTC) | medaltemplates = <!--MENTION HOST NATIONS FOR TEAM SPORTS-->{{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}} {{Medal|Country|{{fba|ARG}}}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA World Cup]]}} {{Medal|Winner|[[2022 FIFA World Cup|2022 Qatar]]|}} {{Medal|RU|[[2014 FIFA World Cup|2014 Brazil]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Copa América]]}} {{Medal|Winner|[[2021 Copa América|2021 Brazil]]|}} {{Medal|RU|[[2007 Copa América|2007 Venezuela]]|}} {{Medal|RU|[[2015 Copa América|2015 Chile]]|}} {{Medal|RU|[[Copa América Centenario|2016 United States]]|}} {{Medal|3rd|[[2019 Copa América|2019 Brazil]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[CONMEBOL–UEFA Cup of Champions]]}} {{Medal|W|[[2022 Finalissima|2022 England]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Football at the Summer Olympics#Men's tournament|Olympic Games]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2008 Summer Olympics|2008 Beijing]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA U-20 World Cup]]}} {{Medal|Winner|[[2005 FIFA World Youth Championship|2005 Netherlands]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[South American Youth Football Championship|South American U-20 Championship]]}} {{Medal|3rd|[[2005 South American U-20 Championship|2005 Colombia]]|}} | module = {{Infobox person|embed=yes | signature = File:Firma de Lionel Messi.svg | signature_alt = Lionel Messi signature}} }} messi pessi ronaldo better 100% == Early life == Messi was born at Hospital Provincial de Rosario in [[Rosario]], [[Argentina]]. Messi is the third of four children of Jorge Messi and his wife Celia Cuccittini. He has two brothers named Rodrigo and Matias and two cousins named Maximiliano and Emanuel. Messi's grandmother died when he was 12, and after that he generally celebrates his goals by pointing up in the sky in tribute of his grandmother. == Club career == === Barcelona === [[File:Messi_with_Neymar_Junior_the_Future_of_Brazil.jpg|right|thumb|Messi (left) with the [[FIFA Club World Cup awards#Golden Ball|Golden Ball award]], shaking hands with future teammate [[Neymar]] (Bronze Ball winner) after the [[2011 FIFA Club World Cup Final]]]] Messi began football at a young age and his potential was quickly seen by Barcelona. He left Newell's Old Boys' youth team in September 2000 and moved with his family to Europe in February 2001. He officially signed with Barcelona in December 2000 on a napkin. They moved to [[Spain]] because Barcelona offered their help to treat his [[growth hormone]] deficiency, and Newell's didn't offer any help.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rakesh|date=2020-04-08|title=Lionel Messi Biography{{!}} Family{{!}} Career{{!}} Net Worth|url=https://sportslibro.com/football/news/lionel-messi-biography/5798|access-date=2020-09-12|website=Sportslibro.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Messi played his first professional match at 17 years old on 16 November 2003 against [[FC Porto|Porto]]. He played the 2003-04 season with the Barcelona B team. He was promoted to the A team for the 2004-05 season, and made his league debut on 16 October 2004 against [[R.C.D. Espanyol|Espanyol]] as a [[Substitute (association football)|substitute]]. He made his league debut at age 17, and became the youngest player to play for Barcelona's first team in an official competition. He scored his first professional goal on 1 May 2005 against [[Albacete Balompié|Albacete]] Balompie from a sublime assist by [[Ronaldinho]]. The goal made him the youngest-ever scorer for the club at that time. Barcelona won the [[La Liga]] that season for the first time in 6 years, and won the league for a second time in a row along with the [[Spanish Super Cup]] and [[UEFA Champions League]] in 2006. His first breakthrough season was in the 2006–07 season; he became a first team regular by scoring his first [[hat-trick]] of his career in [[El Clásico]]. On 18 April 2007, he scored a goal almost exactly identical to Maradona's "Goal of the Century" against [[England national football team|England]] in the [[1986 FIFA World Cup|1986 World Cup]], where Maradona got the ball behind the halfway line on the right side and beat 4 defenders and the goalie to score. Messi's goal was similar to this; he received a pass from [[Xavi]] on the right side behind half-field, and then nut-megged an opponent and 4 others including the goalie before finishing off with his right foot inside the penalty box.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Messi Magic|date=7 June 2016|title=Messi Solo Goal vs Getafe ► Best Possible 1080p Quality|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mMiL4_1Yewg|access-date=9 March 2021|website=Youtube}}</ref> In 2019, Barcelona fans voted it as the best goal in the club's history, receiving 45% of votes.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 March 2019|title=Messi's goal against Getafe is the best in Barça's history according to the fans|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/1133199/messis-goal-against-getafe-is-the-best-in-barcas-history-according-to-the-fans|access-date=2021-03-09|website=www.fcbarcelona.com|language=en}}</ref> After Ronaldinho left the club at the end of the 2007-08 season, Messi was handed the number 10 shirt. The 2008-09 season was arguably one of the most successful seasons in his stellar career. In this season, Messi scored 38 goals in all competitions, including one in the [[2008–09 UEFA Champions League|Champions League final]] against [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] that Barcelona won 2–0 as part of their [[Treble (association football)|treble]]. In the following 2009–10 season, Messi scored 47 goals in all competitions. That levelled to [[Ronaldo]] Nazario's record total for Barcelona. Messi also won his first [[Ballon d'Or]] in December 2009, and also won his second a year later. He scored again in the [[2010–11 UEFA Champions League|2011 Champions League]] final against their same opponent two years earlier, Manchester United. Barcelona won 3-1. Messi won his third Ballon d'Or in a row that year. === Paris Saint-Germain === Messi joined [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] (PSG) in August 2021 after spending his entire professional career at FC Barcelona. The transfer was one of the most significant moments in football history, as Messi sought a new chapter following Barcelona's financial troubles that prevented his contract renewal. At PSG, he was reunited with former teammate Neymar and formed a highly anticipated attacking trio alongside [[Kylian Mbappé]]. Messi's first season at PSG (2021–22) was marked by an adjustment period as he adapted to a new league and environment. In Ligue 1, he scored 6 goals and provided 14 assists in 26 appearances, a notable contribution but below his usual prolific standards. However, he excelled as a playmaker and displayed moments of brilliance. In the UEFA Champions League, Messi scored 5 goals in the group stage, including a memorable strike against [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]]. Despite PSG winning the Ligue 1 title, their campaign was marred by a disappointing Round of 16 exit in the Champions League against Real Madrid. The 2022–23 season saw Messi return to his best form in France, showcasing his ability as both a scorer and creator. He scored 16 goals and registered 16 assists in 32 Ligue 1 matches, establishing himself as one of the league's top performers. His partnership with Neymar and Mbappé, often dubbed the "MNM trio," delivered numerous highlights, although the team's overall success was mixed. PSG retained their Ligue 1 title, but another Champions League Round of 16 exit, this time to [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]], overshadowed their domestic dominance. Messi's tenure at PSG concluded in June 2023, with the Argentine announcing his departure after two seasons. In total, he won two Ligue 1 titles and contributed significantly to the team's domestic success, but the club's continued failures in European competition remained a key narrative. === Inter Miami === On 7 June 2023, Messi confirmed in an interview that he was joining [[Inter Miami CF|Inter Miami]] of [[Major League Soccer]] (MLS).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/65832658|access-date=9 June 2023|title=Lionel Messi to join Inter Miami after leaving Paris St-Germain|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> == International career == === Argentina === Messi was allowed to play for both [[Spain]] and [[Argentina]] since he had dual-nationality, but he decided to play for his home country, Argentina. He led the team to the final game of the 2005 [[U-20 FIFA World Cup|U-20 World Cup]] by scoring important goals in the knockout stages. Messi scored two goals in the final against Nigeria, and Argentina won 2–1. In addition to receiving a winner's medal, Messi was also awarded the Golden Shoe for most goals scored (6), and Golden Ball for best player. Messi played his first game with the senior team on 17 August 2005 against [[Hungary national football team|Hungary]]. He came on as a substitute. However, he was shown a red card 45 seconds into the game for hitting an opponent in the face on accident while Messi was trying to pull the opponent off from his shirt. Messi scored his first goal for Argentina in a friendly match against [[Croatia national football team|Croatia]] on 1 March 2006. Argentina lost the game 3-2.<ref>{{cite web|date=1 March 2006|title=Croatia vs. Argentina 3-2 - Match Summary|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/match?gameId=195332|access-date=2020-06-26|website=ESPN|language=en}}</ref> He was selected for the [[2006 FIFA World Cup|2006 World Cup]] by coach [[José Pekerman]]. In Argentina's second game against [[Serbia national football team|Serbia]], he became their youngest player to play at a World Cup. He also assisted a goal scored the last one in the 6–0 victory. That goal made him the youngest goalscorer in the 2006 World Cup. Messi won the [[Football at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2008 Olympics]] with Argentina as well, as he assisted [[Ángel Di Maria|Ángel Di Maria's]] goal in the final against Nigeria in [[Beijing]]. Messi was made captain of the national team in 2011. He scored his first hat-trick with the country in his 68th appearance during a 3-1 victory against [[Switzerland national football team|Switzerland]] in February 2012.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2016-06-22|title=Messi breaks Argentina scoring record|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/lionel-messi/story/2891319/lionel-messi-breaks-argentinas-all-time-goal-scoring-record|access-date=2021-03-09|website=ESPN.com|language=en}}</ref> On 21 June 2016, he broke the top scoring record for Argentina by scoring his 55th goal with a gem of a free-kick against the [[United States men's national soccer team|United States]] in the Copa América Centenario. It was regarded as the best free-kick scored by Messi during his career. The record was previously held by [[Gabriel Batistuta]] with 54 goals.<ref name=":2" /> ==== Retirement ==== On 26 June, Argentina once again lost to Chile on penalties 4-2 in the [[Copa América Centenario]] final after a 0–0 tie. Messi missed his penalty in the [[penalty shootout]]. This was Messi's third consecutive defeat in a major tournament final with Argentina, and his fourth overall. A day after the match, Messi announced his retirement from international football. In an emotional interview after the game, he said he was very sad that he missed the penalty and also sad that he wasn't able to win any trophies in four finals.<ref>{{Cite web|last=McKirdy|first=Euan|date=27 June 2016|title='I think this is best for everyone,' Has Lionel Messi retired from Argentina duty?|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/06/27/football/copa-america-lionel-messi/index.html|access-date=2021-03-09|website=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-06-27|title=Lionel Messi retires from Argentina after Copa America final loss to Chile|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/copa-america-tournament/story/2902891/lionel-messi-retires-from-argentina-after-copa-america-final-loss-to-chile|access-date=2021-03-09|website=ESPN.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 will be last says Lionel Messi|url=https://footballcoal.com/fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022-will-be-last-says-lionel-messi/|access-date=2022-05-21|website=footballcoal.com|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018130034/https://footballcoal.com/fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022-will-be-last-says-lionel-messi/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==== Return from Retirement ==== He came out of retirement in October 2016 for the [[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2018 World Cup qualifiers]]. After a slow start to the [[2018 FIFA World Cup]], he helped Argentina qualify to the next round of the competition by scoring the first goal in the 2-1 win over [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]]. Jumping to 2021 with the new coach, [[Lionel Scaloni]], Argentina won the Copa America in June. With Dimaria's goal in the 11th minute, they beat Brazil 1-0 in their home ground. Which was one of the main reasons for Messi winning the Ballon dO'r for the record 7th time and counting. In the mid-year of 2022, Messi and the Argentina team along with Lionel Scaloni beat Italy 3-0 and won the Finalissma trophy. In the winter of 2022, Messi won the [[FIFA World Cup|World Cup]] after scoring 7 goals and providing 3 assists as well as winning the player of the tournament. == Personal life == === Relationships === Messi has three children with his wife Antonella Roccuzzo. They are named Thiago Messi, Mateo Messi and Ciro Messi. Thiago was born on 2 November 2012, Mateo was born on 11 September 2015 and Ciro was born on 10 March 2018. On the bottom of Messi's cleats is the name of his first son, Thiago. Messi and Antonella married in June 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://ftw.usatoday.com/2017/07/lionel-messi-wedding-childhood-sweetheart-antonela-roccuzzo-argentina-barcelona|title=Lionel Messi married his childhood sweetheart, and the photos are stunning|date=2017-07-01|work=For The Win|access-date=2018-03-30|language=en-US}}</ref> === Charity === When not playing on the field, Messi finds time to do charity work. He started the Leo Messi Foundation in 2007 which helps children in at-risk situations. Messi also opened a kids park for children living in a hospital in [[Barcelona]]. He also donated 1 million euros for the Covid-19 virus in Barcelona. === [[Tax]] Issues === In July 2016 he was [[Conviction|convicted]] of tax fraud and sentenced to spend 21 months in prison. Messi was also fined two million [[Euro|Euros]].<ref name="bbc">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36721892|title=Lionel Messi handed jail terms in Spain for tax frauds|date=6 July 2016|website=BBC News}}</ref> Messi never went to prison, and the problem was be solved with [[Probation (1960 movie)|probation]]. He told the court he "only played football" and did not know anything because he left his money problems to be dealt with by his father, Jorge Messi.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36433061|title='I knew nothing', Messi tells court|date=2016-06-02|work=BBC News|access-date=2020-06-26|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Goal Stats == {| class="wikitable" !Game !Shoot accuracy !Number of shoots for each game !Average distance of shoots !Assist per game |- |1 |40 |5 |18 |1 |- |2 |50 |4 |20 |0 |- |3 |30 |6 |22 |1 |- |4 |45 |5 |19 |2 |- |5 |60 |3 |17 |0 |- |6 |55 |4 |21 |1 |- |7 |35 |6 |23 |0 |- |8 |70 |3 |16 |2 |- |9 |65 |4 |18 |1 |- |10 |50 |5 |20 |0 |- |11 |27 |4 |19 |1 |- |12 |24 |5 |21 |2 |- |13 |29 |3 |18 |0 |- |14 |20 |6 |22 |1 |- |15 |33 |4 |17 |2 |- |16 |30 |3 |20 |0 |- |17 |23 |5 |19 |1 |- |18 |26 |4 |21 |1 |- |19 |31 |3 |18 |1 |- |20 |28 |5 |20 |2 |} == Club career statistics == {{updated|23 June 2020}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |- !rowspan=2|Club !rowspan=2|Season !colspan=3|League !colspan=2|[[Copa del Rey]] !colspan=2|[[UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] !colspan=2|Other !colspan=2|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |[[FC Barcelona C|Barcelona C]] |2003–04 |[[Tercera División]] |10||5||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||10||5 |- |rowspan=3|[[FC Barcelona B|Barcelona B]] |2003–04 |rowspan=2|[[Segunda División B]] |5||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||5||0 |- |2004–05 |17||6||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||17||6 |- !colspan=2|Total !22!!6!!colspan=2|—!!colspan=2|—!!colspan=2|—!!22!!6 |- |rowspan=17|[[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] |2004–05 |rowspan=16|[[La Liga]] |7||1||1||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||9||1 |- |2005–06 |17||6||2||1||6||1||0||0||25||8 |- |2006–07 |26||14||2||2||5||1||3{{efn|One appearance in [[UEFA Super Cup]], two appearances in Supercopa de España}}||0||36||17 |- |2007–08 |28||10||3||0||9||6||colspan=2|—||40||16 |- |2008–09 |31||23||8||6||12||9||colspan=2|—||51||38 |- |2009–10 |35||34||3||1||11||8||4{{efn|One appearance in UEFA Super Cup, one appearance and two goals in Supercopa de España, two appearances and two goals in FIFA Club World Cup}}||4||53||47 |- |2010–11 |33||31||7||7||13||12||2{{efn|name=SDE|Appearance(s) in Supercopa de España}}||3||55||53 |- |2011–12 |37||50||7||3||11||14||5{{efn|One appearance and one goal in UEFA Super Cup, two appearances and three goals in Supercopa de España, two appearances and two goals in FIFA Club World Cup}}||6||60||73 |- |2012–13 |32||46||5||4||11||8||2||2||50||60 |- |2013–14 |31||28||6||5||7||8||2||0||46||41 |- |2014–15 |38||43||6||5||13||10||colspan=2|—||57||58 |- |2015–16 |33||26||5||5||7||6||4{{efn|One appearance and two goals in UEFA Super Cup, two appearances and one goal in Supercopa de España, one appearance and one goal in FIFA Club World Cup}}||4||49||41 |- |2016–17 |34||37||7||5||9||11||2||1||52||54 |- |2017–18 |36||34||6||4||10||6||2||1||54||45 |- |2018–19 |34||36||5||3||10||12||1||0||50||51 |- |2019–20 |26||21||2||2||6||2||1||1||35||26 |- !colspan=2|Total !478||440||75||53||141||114||28||22||722||629 |- !colspan=3|Career total !510||451||75||53||141||114||28||22||754||640 |} ==International career statistics== {{updated|17 November 2020}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"" |+ Appearances and goals by national team, year and competition |- !rowspan=2|Team !rowspan=2|Year !colspan=2|Competitive !colspan=2|Friendly !colspan=2|Total |- !Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan=17|[[Argentina national football team|Argentina]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/messi-intlg.html |title=Lionel Andrés Messi – Goals in International Matches |publisher=RSSSF |access-date=23 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Lionel Messi: Player Profile |publisher=ESPN FC |url=http://www.espnfc.com/player/45843/lionel-messi |access-date=9 September 2020}}</ref> |2005 |3{{efn|name=WCQ|Appearance(s) in [[FIFA World Cup qualification]]}}||0||2||0||5||0 |- |2006 |3{{efn|name=WCF|Appearance(s) in [[FIFA World Cup]]}}||1||4||1||7||2 |- |2007 |10{{efn|Six appearances and two goals in [[Copa América]], four appearances and two goals in FIFA World Cup qualification}}||4||4||2||14||6 |- |2008 |6{{efn|name=WCQ}}||1||2||1||8||2 |- |2009 |8{{efn|name=WCQ}}||1||2||2||10||3 |- |2010 |5{{efn|name=WCF}}||0||5||2||10||2 |- |2011 |8{{efn|Four appearances in Copa América, four appearances and two goals in FIFA World Cup qualification}}||2||5||2||13||4 |- |2012 |5{{efn|name=WCQ}}||5||4||7||9||12 |- |2013 |5{{efn|name=WCQ}}||3||2||3||7||6 |- |2014 |7{{efn|name=WCF}}||4||7||4||14||8 |- |2015 |6{{efn|name=CA|Appearance(s) in Copa América}}||1||2||3||8||4 |- |2016 |10{{efn|Five appearances and three goals in FIFA World Cup qualification, five appearances and five goals in [[Copa América Centenario]]}}||8||1||0||11||8 |- |2017 |5{{efn|name=WCQ}}||4||2||0||7||4 |- |2018 |4{{efn|name=WCF}}||1||1||3||5||4 |- |2019 |6{{efn|name=CA}}||1||4||4||10||5 |- |2020 |4{{efn|name=WCQ}}||1||0||0||4||1 |- !Total !95||37||47||34||180||106 |} {{notelist}} == Honours == === Club === '''Barcelona'''<ref>[https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/players/4974/lionel-messi Lionel Messi] at Barcelona's official website</ref> * [[La Liga]]: [[2004–05 La Liga|2004–05]], [[2005–06 La Liga|2005–06]], [[2008–09 La Liga|2008–09]], [[2009–10 La Liga|2009–10]], [[2010–11 La Liga|2010–11]], [[2012–13 La Liga|2012–13]], [[2014–15 La Liga|2014–15]], [[2015–16 La Liga|2015–16]], [[2017–18 La Liga|2017–18]], [[2018–19 La Liga|2018–19]] * [[Copa del Rey]]: [[2008–09 Copa del Rey|2008–09]], [[2011–12 Copa del Rey|2011–12]], [[2014–15 Copa del Rey|2014–15]], [[2015–16 Copa del Rey|2015–16]], [[2016–17 Copa del Rey|2016–17]], [[2017–18 Copa del Rey|2017–18]], 2020-21 * [[Supercopa de España]]: [[2006 Supercopa de España|2006]], [[2009 Supercopa de España|2009]], [[2010 Supercopa de España|2010]], [[2011 Supercopa de España|2011]], [[2013 Supercopa de España|2013]], [[2016 Supercopa de España|2016]], [[2018 Supercopa de España|2018]] * [[UEFA Champions League]]: [[2005–06 UEFA Champions League|2005–06]], [[2008–09 UEFA Champions League|2008–09]], [[2010–11 UEFA Champions League|2010–11]], [[2014–15 UEFA Champions League|2014–15]] * [[UEFA Super Cup]]: [[2009 UEFA Super Cup|2009]], [[2011 UEFA Super Cup|2011]], [[2015 UEFA Super Cup|2015]] * [[FIFA Club World Cup]]: [[2009 FIFA Club World Cup|2009]], [[2011 FIFA Club World Cup|2011]], [[2015 FIFA Club World Cup|2015]] === International === '''Argentina U20''' * [[FIFA U-20 World Cup]]: [[2005 FIFA World Youth Championship#Final|2005]] '''Argentina Olympic team''' * [[Football at the Summer Olympics#Men's tournament|Summer Olympics]]: [[Football at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2008]] '''Argentina Senior team''' * Copa America: 2021, 2024 * [[FIFA World Cup]]: [[2022 FIFA World Cup|2022]] === Individual === {{columns-list||colwidth=50em}} * [[Ballon d'Or]]: [[2009 Ballon d'Or|2009]], [[2010 FIFA Ballon d'Or|2010]], [[2011 FIFA Ballon d'Or|2011]], [[2012 FIFA Ballon d'Or|2012]], [[2015 FIFA Ballon d'Or|2015]], [[2019 Ballon d'Or|2019]], 2021, 2023<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Magee|first=Will|date=2 December 2019|title=Ballon d'Or: live updates from the ceremony as Lionel Messi and Virgil van Dijk compete for top award|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2019/12/02/ballon-dorlive-updates-ceremony-lionel-messi-virgil-van-dijk/|access-date=2 December 2019|issn=0307-1235}}</ref><ref name="BdorRSSSF">{{cite web|title=European Footballer of the Year ("Ballon d'Or")|url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/europa-poy.html|access-date=9 May 2017|publisher=The Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref><ref name="FIFA Ballon d'Or: History">{{cite web|title=FIFA Ballon d'Or: History|url=https://www.fifa.com/ballon-dor/history/index.html|access-date=13 September 2015|publisher=FIFA|archive-date=28 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140928131021/http://www.fifa.com/ballon-dor/history/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * FIFA World Cup Golden Ball: [[2014 FIFA World Cup#Awards|2014]], 2022<ref>{{cite web|date=13 July 2014|title=Messi, Neuer Heralded as Brazil 2014's Best|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=7/news=messi-heralded-as-brazil-2014-s-best-2404615.html|access-date=27 August 2015|publisher=FIFA|archive-date=30 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330045100/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=7/news=messi-heralded-as-brazil-2014-s-best-2404615.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[FIFA World Player of the Year]]: [[2009 FIFA World Player of the Year|2009]]<ref name="FIFA Ballon d'Or: History" /> * [[The Best FIFA Men's Player]]: [[The Best FIFA Football Awards 2019|2019]]<ref name="Messi FIFA2019">{{cite web|date=23 September 2019|title=The FIFA Football Awards Voting Results 2019|url=https://resources.fifa.com/image/upload/final-results-the-best-fifa-football-awards-2019.pdf?cloudid=wgozggskvgbewa2vsxxy|access-date=23 September 2019|website=FIFA.com|publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association|format=PDF|archive-date=17 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217043130/https://resources.fifa.com/image/upload/final-results-the-best-fifa-football-awards-2019.pdf?cloudid=wgozggskvgbewa2vsxxy|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[European Golden Shoe]]: 2009–10, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19<ref name="Messi5thGoldenShoe">{{cite web|date=20 May 2018|title=Messi Wins Fifth Golden Shoe After Winning Pichichi Trophy|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/messi-set-for-fifth-golden-shoe-after-winning-pichichi/16zqsqe8e9tr3187k929hjiwpt|access-date=20 May 2018|publisher=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]}}</ref> * [[Copa América]] Golden Ball: [[Copa América#Awards|2015]]<ref>{{cite web|date=5 July 2015|title=BeIN Sports: Messi habría rechazado el MVP del torneo|trans-title=BeIN Sports: Messi reportedly rejects MVP award for tournament|url=http://futbol.as.com/futbol/2015/07/05/internacional/1436124524_550381.html|access-date=5 July 2015|publisher=AS.com|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Lionel Messi allegedly refuses best player award at Copa America as trophy removed from ceremony|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/babb/11720312/Lionel-Messi-allegedly-refuses-best-player-award-at-Copa-America-as-trophy-removed-from-ceremony.html|access-date=5 December 2015|website=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Messi rechazó recoger el premio a MVP de la Copa América|url=http://www.marca.com/2015/07/05/futbol/copa-america/1436123341.html|access-date=5 December 2015|website=Marca|date=5 July 2015|location=Spain|language=es}}</ref> * [[UEFA Men's Player of the Year Award]]: 2011, 2015 * UEFA Club Footballer of the Year: 2009<ref name="Profile: Lionel Messi">{{cite web|title=Profile: Lionel Messi|url=http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=95803/profile/|access-date=13 September 2015|publisher=UEFA}}</ref> * UEFA Club Forward of the Year: 2009, 2019<ref name="Profile: Lionel Messi" /> * [[La Liga Awards|La Liga Best Player]]: [[2008–09 La Liga|2008–09]], [[2009–10 La Liga|2009–10]], [[2010–11 La Liga|2010–11]], [[2011–12 La Liga|2011–12]], [[2012–13 La Liga|2012–13]], [[2014–15 La Liga|2014–15]]<ref name="Honours of a Genius: The Collector of Trophies">{{cite news|last=Otero|first=Paul M.|date=12 November 2013|title=Palmarés de un Genio: El Coleccionista de Trofeos|language=es|trans-title=Honours of a Genius: The Collector of Trophies|newspaper=Marca|location=Spain|url=http://www.marca.com/accesible/2013/11/12/futbol/equipos/barcelona/1384256483.html|url-status=dead|access-date=13 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328162523/https://www.marca.com/accesible/2013/11/12/futbol/equipos/barcelona/1384256483.html|archive-date=28 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="Messi, Best Forward and Best Player">{{cite web|date=2 December 2013|title=Messi, Mejor Delantero y Mejor Jugador|trans-title=Messi, Best Forward and Best Player|url=https://www.ligabbva.com/liga-bbva/126953/messi-mejor-delantero-y-mejor-jugador-cristiano-jugador-mas-valioso/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208113604/https://www.ligabbva.com/liga-bbva/126953/messi-mejor-delantero-y-mejor-jugador-cristiano-jugador-mas-valioso/|archive-date=8 December 2015|access-date=13 September 2015|publisher=Liga de Fútbol Profesional|language=es}}</ref><ref name="Lionel Messi, 2014–15 Liga BBVA Best Player">{{cite web|date=30 November 2015|title=Lionel Messi, 2014–15 Liga BBVA Best Player|url=http://www.laliga.es/en/noticias/lionel-messi-201415-liga-bbva-best-player|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322140218/https://www.laliga.es/en/noticias/lionel-messi-201415-liga-bbva-best-player|archive-date=22 March 2019|access-date=8 January 2016|publisher=Liga de Fútbol Profesional}}</ref> * [[La Liga Awards#Winners|La Liga Best Forward]]: [[2008–09 La Liga|2008–09]], [[2009–10 La Liga|2009–10]], [[2010–11 La Liga|2010–11]], [[2011–12 La Liga|2011–12]], [[2012–13 La Liga|2012–13]], [[2014–15 La Liga|2014–15]], [[2015–16 La Liga|2015–16]]<ref name="Honours of a Genius: The Collector of Trophies" /><ref name="Messi, Best Forward and Best Player" /><ref name="Lionel Messi, 2014–15 Liga BBVA Best Player" /><ref>{{cite web|date=24 October 2016|title=Lionel Messi named Best Striker in La Liga Santander 2015–16|url=http://www.laliga.es/en/news/lionel-messi-named-best-striker-in-laliga-santander-201516|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806211635/https://www.laliga.es/en/news/lionel-messi-named-best-striker-in-laliga-santander-201516|archive-date=6 August 2019|access-date=25 October 2016|publisher=Liga de Fútbol Profesional}}</ref> * [[Trofeo Alfredo Di Stéfano]] (best player in Spain): [[2008–09 La Liga|2008–09]], [[2009–10 La Liga|2009–10]], [[2010–11 La Liga|2010–11]], [[2014–15 La Liga|2014–15]], [[2016–17 La Liga|2016–17]], [[2017–18 La Liga|2017–18]], [[2018–19 La Liga|2018–19]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-16|title=The MARCA 2019 football awards: Messi collects sixth Pichichi|url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/spanish-football/2019/12/16/5df79e0d22601de02c8b462f.html|access-date=2020-12-29|language=en|newspaper=[[Marca (newspaper)|Marca]]}}</ref> * [[Pichichi Trophy]]: 2009–10, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20<ref>[https://www.si.com/soccer/2019/05/19/lionel-messi-barcelona-goals-eibar-european-golden-boot-race “Messi Wins Sixth Pichichi Trophy, Extends Lead in European Golden Boot Race”]. ''Sports Illustrated'', 19 May 2019</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Messi equals Zarra's record with sixth Pichichi award|url=http://onefootball.com/en/news/messi-equals-zarras-record-with-sixth-pichichi-award-25698176?variable=20190703|access-date=8 April 2020|website=Onefootball}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=19 July 2020|title=Leo Messi wins his seventh Pichichi, a LaLiga record|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/1732775/leo-messi-wins-his-seventh-pichichi-a-laliga-record|access-date=19 July 2020|publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> * FIFA Club World Cup Golden Ball: [[2009 FIFA Club World Cup#Awards|2009]], [[2011 FIFA Club World Cup#Awards|2011]]<ref name="FIFA Club World Cup: Awards">{{cite web|title=FIFA Club World Cup: Awards|url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/clubworldcup/awards/goldenball.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407144625/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/clubworldcup/awards/goldenball.html|archive-date=7 April 2015|publisher=FIFA}}</ref> * FIFA Club World Cup Silver Ball: [[2015 FIFA Club World Cup#Awards|2015]]<ref>{{cite web|date=20 December 2015|title=Barcelona Trio Sweep Awards|url=https://www.fifa.com/clubworldcup/news/y=2015/m=12/news=barcelona-trio-raumt-ab-2747108-2747184.html|access-date=8 January 2016|publisher=FIFA|archive-date=20 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220152446/http://www.fifa.com/clubworldcup/news/y=2015/m=12/news=barcelona-trio-raumt-ab-2747108-2747184.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * FIFA Club World Cup Final Most Valuable Player: 2009, 2011<ref name="FIFA Club World Cup: Awards" /> * [[FIFA U-20 World Cup#Golden Ball|FIFA World Youth Championship Golden Ball]]: [[2005 FIFA World Youth Championship#Awards|2005]]<ref name="2005 FIFA World Youth Championship">{{cite web|title=FIFA World Youth Championship Netherlands 2005|url=https://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/archive/netherlands2005/index.html|access-date=27 August 2015|publisher=FIFA|archive-date=21 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821174600/https://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/archive/netherlands2005/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[FIFA U-20 World Cup#Golden Boot|FIFA World Youth Championship Golden Shoe]]: [[2005 FIFA World Youth Championship#Goalscorers|2005]]<ref name="2005 FIFA World Youth Championship" /> * IFFHS World's Best Playmaker: 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019<ref name="Former Results">{{cite web|title=Former Results|url=http://iffhs.de/former-results/|access-date=30 November 2019|publisher=IFFHS|archive-date=24 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924094523/https://iffhs.de/former-results/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[International Federation of Football History & Statistics|IFFHS]] World's Best Top Division Goal Scorer: 2011, 2012, 2013, 2017, 2018<ref>{{Cite web|title=IFFHS (International Federation of Football for History & Statistics|url=https://iffhs.de/posts/107|access-date=2020-12-29|website=iffhs.de|archive-date=2021-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128132827/https://iffhs.de/posts/107|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Argentine Footballer of the Year: 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019<ref name="Honours of a Genius: The Collector of Trophies" /><ref>{{cite web|date=23 December 2015|title=Premios Olimpia 2015: La Judoca Paula Pareto se Llevó el Oro y los de Plata Fueron Para Messi, Marco Ruben, Andrés Nocioni y Adolfo Cambiaso|trans-title=Olympia Awards 2015: The Judoca Paula Pareto Took the Gold and Silver Was for Messi, Marco Ruben, Andrés Nocioni and Adolfo Cambiaso|url=http://www.radionacional.com.ar/?p=88753|access-date=8 January 2016|publisher=LRA Radio Nacional|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=20 December 2016|title=Los Ganadores de Olimpia de Plata en Cada Deporte, con los Medallistas Dorados de Río entre los Destacados|language=es|trans-title=The Winners of the Silver Olimpia in Each Sport, with the Gold Medalists of Río among the Highlights|newspaper=La Nacion|url=http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1968952-los-ganadores-de-olimpia-de-plata-en-cada-deporte-con-los-medallistas-dorados-de-rio-entre-los-destacados|access-date=21 December 2016|archive-date=23 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223005450/http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1968952-los-ganadores-de-olimpia-de-plata-en-cada-deporte-con-los-medallistas-dorados-de-rio-entre-los-destacados|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=20 December 2017|title=Delfina Pignatiello se quedó con el Olimpia de Oro|language=es|newspaper=TN|location=Buenos Aires|url=https://tn.com.ar/deportes/esencial/delfina-pignatiello-se-quedo-con-el-olimpia-de-oro_841098|access-date=26 January 2018}}</ref> * [[Copa América records and statistics|Copa América Best Young Player]]: [[2007 Copa América#Awards|2007]]{{sfn|Caioli|2012|p=248}} * [[FIFPro#FIFPro Young Player of the Year, 2005–2008|FIFPro Young World Player of the Year]]: 2006, 2007, 2008{{sfn|Caioli|2012|p=248}} * [[Golden Boy (award)|Golden Boy]]: 2005{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=279–284}} * [[FIFPro#FIFA FIFPro Men's World11|FIFA FIFPro World11]]: 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020{{sfn|Caioli|2012|p=248}}<ref name="FIFPro and FIFA Present the 2015 World XI">{{cite web|date=11 January 2016|title=FIFPro and FIFA Present the 2015 World XI|url=http://www.fifpro.org/en/news/fifpro-and-fifa-present-the-2015-world-xi|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424013949/https://fifpro.org/en/news/fifpro-and-fifa-present-the-2015-world-xi|archive-date=24 April 2016|access-date=12 February 2016|publisher=FIFPro}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=9 January 2017|title=The Best named at FIFA Football Awards|url=https://www.fifa.com/the-best-fifa-football-awards/news/y=2017/m=1/news=the-best-named-at-fifa-football-awards-2862916.html|access-date=12 January 2017|publisher=FIFA|archive-date=20 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520041520/http://www.fifa.com/the-best-fifa-football-awards/news/y=2017/m=1/news=the-best-named-at-fifa-football-awards-2862916.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=24 October 2017|title=FIFA FIFPro World11|url=https://www.fifa.com/the-best-fifa-football-awards/fifa-fifpro-world11/index.html|access-date=24 October 2017|publisher=FIFA|archive-date=14 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414110958/http://www.fifa.com/the-best-fifa-football-awards/fifa-fifpro-world11/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=24 September 2018|title=DE GEA, KANTE AND MBAPPE IN WORLD 11|url=https://www.fifpro.org/news/de-gea-kante-mbappe-in-world-11/en/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911061411/https://fifpro.org/news/de-gea-kante-mbappe-in-world-11/en/|archive-date=11 September 2019|access-date=25 September 2018|website=FIFPro World Players' Union}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=23 September 2019|title=VAN DIJK AMONG FOUR DEBUTANTS IN MEN'S WORLD 11|url=https://fifpro.org/news/fifa-fifpro-men-s-world-11-2018-2019/en/|website=FIFPro World Players' Union|access-date=2 March 2021|archive-date=24 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924000410/https://fifpro.org/news/fifa-fifpro-men-s-world-11-2018-2019/en/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-17|title=The FIFA FIFPRO Men's World 11 of 2019-2020 - FIFPRO World Players' Union|url=https://fifpro.org/en/industry/world-11/the-fifa-fifpro-men-s-world-11-of-2020|access-date=2020-12-18|website=FIFPRO|language=en}}</ref> * [[International Federation of Football History & Statistics|IFFHS]] World Team of the Year: 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=IFFHS (International Federation of Football for History & Statistics|url=https://www.iffhs.de/posts/919|access-date=2021-01-31|website=www.iffhs.de|archive-date=2021-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207131906/https://www.iffhs.de/posts/919|url-status=dead}}</ref> * IFFHS World Team of the Decade 2011–2020<ref name=":1" /> * [[International Federation of Football History & Statistics#IFFHS CONMEBOL Man Team of the Decade 2011–2020|IFFHS CONMEBOL Team of the Decade]] 2011–2020<ref>{{cite web|date=26 January 2021|title=IFFHS MAN TEAM - CONMEBOL - OF THE DECADE 2011-2020|url=https://www.iffhs.de/posts/921|work=IFFHS|access-date=2 March 2021|archive-date=29 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129085023/https://iffhs.de/posts/921|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[UEFA Team of the Year]]: [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2008|2008]], [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2009|2009]], [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2010|2010]], [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2011|2011]], [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2012|2012]], [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2014|2014]], [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2015|2015]], [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2016|2016]], [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2017|2017]], [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2018|2018]], [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2019|2019]], [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2020|2020]]<ref name="Profile: Lionel Messi" /><ref name="Team of the Year 2015: Lionel Messi">{{cite web|date=8 January 2016|title=Team of the Year 2015: Lionel Messi|url=http://en.toty.uefa.com/forwards.html?playerId=95803|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120011720/http://en.toty.uefa.com/forwards.html?playerId=95803|archive-date=20 January 2016|access-date=8 January 2016|publisher=UEFA}}</ref><ref name="UEFAtoty2017">{{cite web|date=11 January 2018|title=Facts and figures: UEFA.com Team of the Year 2017|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2528699.html#/facts+figures+uefa+team+year+2017|access-date=13 January 2018|website=UEFA.com: The official website for European football|publisher=UEFA}}</ref><ref name="UEFAtoty2018">{{cite web|date=11 January 2019|title=UEFA.com fans' Team of the Year 2018 revealed|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2589223.html|access-date=11 January 2019|website=UEFA.com: The official website for European football|publisher=UEFA}}</ref><ref name="UEFAtoty2019">{{cite web|date=15 January 2020|title=UEFA.com fans' Team of the Year 2019 revealed|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2637433.html|access-date=15 January 2020|website=UEFA.com: The official website for European football|publisher=UEFA}}</ref><ref name="UEFAtoty2020">{{cite web|date=20 January 2021|title=UEFA.com Fans' Teams of the Year 2020 announced|url=https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/mediaservices/mediareleases/news/0265-1160a803540f-283794ce2b95-1000--uefa-com-fans-teams-of-the-year-2020-announced/|access-date=20 January 2021|website=UEFA.com: The official website for European football|publisher=UEFA}}</ref> * [[FIFA World Cup awards|FIFA World Cup Dream Team]]: [[2014 FIFA World Cup#Dream Team|2014]]<ref>{{cite web|date=23 July 2014|title=Dream Team Winners Earn Sony Prizes|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=7/news=dream-team-winners-earn-sony-prizes-2406063.html|access-date=27 August 2015|publisher=FIFA|archive-date=23 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140723205724/http://www.fifa.com//worldcup/news/y=2014/m=7/news=dream-team-winners-earn-sony-prizes-2406063.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Copa América Dream Team: [[2007 Copa América|2007]], [[2011 Copa América|2011]], [[2015 Copa América#Team of the tournament|2015]], [[Copa América Centenario|2016]]<ref>{{cite news|date=16 July 2007|title=El Once Ideal de la Copa América|language=es|trans-title=The Ideal Eleven of the Copa América|newspaper=La República|url=http://larepublica.pe/16-07-2007/el-once-ideal-de-la-copa-america|url-status=dead|access-date=16 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229220113/http://larepublica.pe/16-07-2007/el-once-ideal-de-la-copa-america|archive-date=29 December 2016}}</ref><ref name="The Copa América 2011 Dream Team">{{cite web|date=8 June 2015|title=The Copa América 2011 Dream Team|url=http://www.ca2015.com/en/gallery/the-copa-america-2011-dream-team/t8bquapogxrw10j9h0aa6h9d7/slide/8|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930010155/http://www.ca2015.com/en/gallery/the-copa-america-2011-dream-team/t8bquapogxrw10j9h0aa6h9d7/slide/8|archive-date=30 September 2015|access-date=13 September 2015|publisher=Copa America Organisation}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=5 July 2015|title=Copa América 2015: Team of the Tournament|url=http://www.ca2015.com/en/gallery/copa-america-2015---team-of-the-tournament/1nqqmzngdosa911z9l2g8k8317/slide/9|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150902002042/http://www.ca2015.com/en/gallery/copa-america-2015---team-of-the-tournament/1nqqmzngdosa911z9l2g8k8317/slide/9|archive-date=2 September 2015|access-date=27 August 2015|publisher=Copa América Organisation}}</ref> * Ballon d'Or Dream Team: 2020<ref>{{cite web|last=Crépin|first=Timothé|date=14 December 2020|title=Ballon d'Or Dream Team : Découvrez les révélations de ce onze de légende !|url=https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Ballon-d-or-dream-team-decouvrez-les-revelations-de-ce-onze-de-legende/1205748|access-date=14 December 2020|website=[[France Football]]|language=fr}}</ref> == Notes == {{reflist|group=lower-greek}} == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commonscat}} *{{Sports links}} *{{Instagram}} *{{Facebook}} {{Argentina Squad 2006 World Cup}} {{Argentina squad 2007 Copa América}} {{Argentina Squad 2010 World Cup}} {{Argentina Squad 2014 World Cup}} {{Argentina Squad 2018 World Cup}} {{Argentina Squad 2022 World Cup}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Messi, Lionel}} [[Category:1987 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Argentine footballers]] [[Category:2006 FIFA World Cup players]] [[Category:2010 FIFA World Cup players]] [[Category:2014 FIFA World Cup players]] [[Category:2018 FIFA World Cup players]] [[Category:2022 FIFA World Cup players]] [[Category:Association football forwards]] [[Category:Association football midfielders]] [[Category:Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Olympic gold medalists for Argentina]] [[Category:Olympic medalists in football]] [[Category:UEFA Euro 2012 players]] [[Category:Ballon d'Or winners]] [[Category:FIFA World Player of the Year winners]] [[Category:FC Barcelona players]] [[Category:People from Rosario, Argentina]] 8dprw1pm589677xutrudy245w9jb9g9 10368057 10368055 2025-07-02T18:23:13Z Divinations 1530422 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/78.80.38.142|78.80.38.142]] ([[User talk:78.80.38.142|talk]]) to last version by BRPever: reverting [[WP:VAN|vandalism]] 10351454 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Lionel Messi | image = Lionel-Messi-Argentina-2022-FIFA-World-Cup sharpness.jpg | caption = Messi with [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]] at the [[2022 FIFA World Cup]] | fullname = Lionel Andrés Messi<ref name="NameBirthHeight">{{cite web |url=https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce44/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf |title=FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022™: List of Players: Argentina |publisher=FIFA |page=1 |date=18 December 2022 |access-date=18 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218195301/https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce44/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf |archive-date=18 December 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|6|24|df=y}}<ref name="NameBirthHeight" /> | birth_place = [[Rosario, Santa Fe]], Argentina | height = 1.70 m<ref name="NameBirthHeight" /> | position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]] | currentclub = [[Inter Miami CF|Inter Miami]] | clubnumber = 10 | youthyears1 = 1992–1995 | youthclubs1 = Grandoli | youthyears2 = 1995–2000 | youthclubs2 = [[Newell's Old Boys]] | youthyears3 = 2000–2003 | youthclubs3 = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] | years1 = 2003–2004 | clubs1 = [[FC Barcelona C|Barcelona C]] | caps1 = 10 | goals1 = 5 | years2 = 2004–2005 | clubs2 = [[FC Barcelona B|Barcelona B]] | caps2 = 22 | goals2 = 6 | years3 = 2004–2021 | clubs3 = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] | caps3 = 778 | goals3 = 672 | years4 = 2021–2023 | clubs4 = [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] | caps4 = 75 | goals4 = 32 | years5 = 2023– | clubs5 = [[Inter Miami CF|Inter Miami]] | caps5 = 26 | goals5 = 25 | nationalyears1 = 2004–2005 | nationalteam1 = [[Argentina national under-20 football team|Argentina U20]] | nationalcaps1 = 18 | nationalgoals1 = 14 | nationalyears2 = 2008 | nationalteam2 = [[Argentina national under-23 football team|Argentina U23]] | nationalcaps2 = 5{{efn-lg|name=U23|Does not include an [[Non-FIFA international football|unofficial friendly match]] played on 24 May 2008 in Barcelona between Argentina U23 and the [[Catalonia national football team]],<ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527190720/http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2008/05/24/barcelona/1211658712.html |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2008/05/24/barcelona/1211658712.html |title=La selección catalana pierde ante Argentina (0–1) en un partido marcado por la política |website=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |archive-date=27 May 2008 |date=24 May 2008 |url-status=live |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225161247/http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/2008/05/25/pagina-18/1396683/pdf.html |url=http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/2008/05/25/pagina-18/1396683/pdf.html |title=Fiesta y equilibrio |website=[[Mundo Deportivo]] |page=18 |archive-date=25 December 2022 |date=25 May 2008 |url-status=live |language=es}}</ref> as Catalonia is not affiliated with either [[FIFA]] or [[UEFA]] as a [[List of men's national association football teams|national member association]] and is therefore not allowed to participate in official competitions.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hawkey |first=Ian |title=Catalonia and Basque Country reignite call for independent national football identities |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/spain/10541466/Catalonia-and-Basque-Country-reignite-call-for-independent-national-football-identities.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228184034/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/spain/10541466/Catalonia-and-Basque-Country-reignite-call-for-independent-national-football-identities.html |archive-date=28 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |website=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=30 December 2013 |access-date=28 December 2022 }}</ref>}} | nationalgoals2 = 2 | nationalyears3 = 2005– | nationalteam3 = [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]] | nationalcaps3 = 172 | nationalgoals3 = 98 | club-update = 23:32, 15 January 2023 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 19:05, 18 December 2024 (UTC) | medaltemplates = <!--MENTION HOST NATIONS FOR TEAM SPORTS-->{{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}} {{Medal|Country|{{fba|ARG}}}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA World Cup]]}} {{Medal|Winner|[[2022 FIFA World Cup|2022 Qatar]]|}} {{Medal|RU|[[2014 FIFA World Cup|2014 Brazil]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Copa América]]}} {{Medal|Winner|[[2021 Copa América|2021 Brazil]]|}} {{Medal|RU|[[2007 Copa América|2007 Venezuela]]|}} {{Medal|RU|[[2015 Copa América|2015 Chile]]|}} {{Medal|RU|[[Copa América Centenario|2016 United States]]|}} {{Medal|3rd|[[2019 Copa América|2019 Brazil]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[CONMEBOL–UEFA Cup of Champions]]}} {{Medal|W|[[2022 Finalissima|2022 England]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Football at the Summer Olympics#Men's tournament|Olympic Games]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2008 Summer Olympics|2008 Beijing]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA U-20 World Cup]]}} {{Medal|Winner|[[2005 FIFA World Youth Championship|2005 Netherlands]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[South American Youth Football Championship|South American U-20 Championship]]}} {{Medal|3rd|[[2005 South American U-20 Championship|2005 Colombia]]|}} | module = {{Infobox person|embed=yes | signature = File:Firma de Lionel Messi.svg | signature_alt = Lionel Messi signature}} }} '''Lionel Andrés Messi''' ({{IPA-es|ljoˈnel anˈdɾes ˈmesi|-|Lionel Andrés Messi - Name.ogg}}; born 24 June 1987), also known as '''Leo Messi''', is an [[Argentina|Argentine]] professional [[footballer]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.messi.com |title=Lionel Messi Website}}</ref> As of summer 2023, he plays for the [[Argentina national football team|Argentina national team]] and American club [[Inter Miami CF|Inter Miami]]. At club level, he is best known for playing for [[FC Barcelona]]. Messi is widely recognized as one of the best players of all time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/barcelona/story/4004641/lionel-messi-wins-sixth-ballon-dor-awardovertaking-cristiano-ronaldo|title=Messi tops Ronaldo, wins sixth Ballon d'Or award|date=2 December 2019|website=ESPN|language=en}}</ref> His playing style and skills have been compared to the Argentine legend [[Diego Maradona]]. There is much competition between him and [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] footballer [[Cristiano Ronaldo]]. In 2009, Messi was included in the "World Player of the Decade 2000s", ranking second behind [[Ronaldinho]] but ahead of Cristiano Ronaldo (who came third).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-05-16 |title=World Soccer |url=http://www.worldsoccer.com/Awards/index.php |access-date=2022-07-12 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100516143714/http://www.worldsoccer.com/Awards/index.php |archive-date=16 May 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Messi has played alongside many football greats, such as Ronaldinho, [[Deco]], [[Samuel Eto'o]], [[Luis Suárez]], [[Xavi]], [[Andrés Iniesta]], [[Sergio Busquets]], and [[Neymar]]. At FC Barcelona, Messi, Neymar and Suarez were known as MSN.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Callum|first=Altimas|date=2023-08-03|title=Lionel Messi names the 10 favourite teammates of his career|url=https://www.givemesport.com/lionel-messi-barcelona-psg-ronaldinho-neymar-luis-suarez/#ronaldinho|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803020246/https://www.givemesport.com/lionel-messi-barcelona-psg-ronaldinho-neymar-luis-suarez/#ronaldinho|archive-date=2023-08-03|access-date=2024-11-13|website=givemesport.com}}</ref> == Early life == Messi was born at Hospital Provincial de Rosario in [[Rosario]], [[Argentina]]. Messi is the third of four children of Jorge Messi and his wife Celia Cuccittini. He has two brothers named Rodrigo and Matias and two cousins named Maximiliano and Emanuel. Messi's grandmother died when he was 12, and after that he generally celebrates his goals by pointing up in the sky in tribute of his grandmother. == Club career == === Barcelona === [[File:Messi_with_Neymar_Junior_the_Future_of_Brazil.jpg|right|thumb|Messi (left) with the [[FIFA Club World Cup awards#Golden Ball|Golden Ball award]], shaking hands with future teammate [[Neymar]] (Bronze Ball winner) after the [[2011 FIFA Club World Cup Final]]]] Messi began football at a young age and his potential was quickly seen by Barcelona. He left Newell's Old Boys' youth team in September 2000 and moved with his family to Europe in February 2001. He officially signed with Barcelona in December 2000 on a napkin. They moved to [[Spain]] because Barcelona offered their help to treat his [[growth hormone]] deficiency, and Newell's didn't offer any help.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rakesh|date=2020-04-08|title=Lionel Messi Biography{{!}} Family{{!}} Career{{!}} Net Worth|url=https://sportslibro.com/football/news/lionel-messi-biography/5798|access-date=2020-09-12|website=Sportslibro.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Messi played his first professional match at 17 years old on 16 November 2003 against [[FC Porto|Porto]]. He played the 2003-04 season with the Barcelona B team. He was promoted to the A team for the 2004-05 season, and made his league debut on 16 October 2004 against [[R.C.D. Espanyol|Espanyol]] as a [[Substitute (association football)|substitute]]. He made his league debut at age 17, and became the youngest player to play for Barcelona's first team in an official competition. He scored his first professional goal on 1 May 2005 against [[Albacete Balompié|Albacete]] Balompie from a sublime assist by [[Ronaldinho]]. The goal made him the youngest-ever scorer for the club at that time. Barcelona won the [[La Liga]] that season for the first time in 6 years, and won the league for a second time in a row along with the [[Spanish Super Cup]] and [[UEFA Champions League]] in 2006. His first breakthrough season was in the 2006–07 season; he became a first team regular by scoring his first [[hat-trick]] of his career in [[El Clásico]]. On 18 April 2007, he scored a goal almost exactly identical to Maradona's "Goal of the Century" against [[England national football team|England]] in the [[1986 FIFA World Cup|1986 World Cup]], where Maradona got the ball behind the halfway line on the right side and beat 4 defenders and the goalie to score. Messi's goal was similar to this; he received a pass from [[Xavi]] on the right side behind half-field, and then nut-megged an opponent and 4 others including the goalie before finishing off with his right foot inside the penalty box.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Messi Magic|date=7 June 2016|title=Messi Solo Goal vs Getafe ► Best Possible 1080p Quality|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mMiL4_1Yewg|access-date=9 March 2021|website=Youtube}}</ref> In 2019, Barcelona fans voted it as the best goal in the club's history, receiving 45% of votes.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 March 2019|title=Messi's goal against Getafe is the best in Barça's history according to the fans|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/1133199/messis-goal-against-getafe-is-the-best-in-barcas-history-according-to-the-fans|access-date=2021-03-09|website=www.fcbarcelona.com|language=en}}</ref> After Ronaldinho left the club at the end of the 2007-08 season, Messi was handed the number 10 shirt. The 2008-09 season was arguably one of the most successful seasons in his stellar career. In this season, Messi scored 38 goals in all competitions, including one in the [[2008–09 UEFA Champions League|Champions League final]] against [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] that Barcelona won 2–0 as part of their [[Treble (association football)|treble]]. In the following 2009–10 season, Messi scored 47 goals in all competitions. That levelled to [[Ronaldo]] Nazario's record total for Barcelona. Messi also won his first [[Ballon d'Or]] in December 2009, and also won his second a year later. He scored again in the [[2010–11 UEFA Champions League|2011 Champions League]] final against their same opponent two years earlier, Manchester United. Barcelona won 3-1. Messi won his third Ballon d'Or in a row that year. === Paris Saint-Germain === Messi joined [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] (PSG) in August 2021 after spending his entire professional career at FC Barcelona. The transfer was one of the most significant moments in football history, as Messi sought a new chapter following Barcelona's financial troubles that prevented his contract renewal. At PSG, he was reunited with former teammate Neymar and formed a highly anticipated attacking trio alongside [[Kylian Mbappé]]. Messi's first season at PSG (2021–22) was marked by an adjustment period as he adapted to a new league and environment. In Ligue 1, he scored 6 goals and provided 14 assists in 26 appearances, a notable contribution but below his usual prolific standards. However, he excelled as a playmaker and displayed moments of brilliance. In the UEFA Champions League, Messi scored 5 goals in the group stage, including a memorable strike against [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]]. Despite PSG winning the Ligue 1 title, their campaign was marred by a disappointing Round of 16 exit in the Champions League against Real Madrid. The 2022–23 season saw Messi return to his best form in France, showcasing his ability as both a scorer and creator. He scored 16 goals and registered 16 assists in 32 Ligue 1 matches, establishing himself as one of the league's top performers. His partnership with Neymar and Mbappé, often dubbed the "MNM trio," delivered numerous highlights, although the team's overall success was mixed. PSG retained their Ligue 1 title, but another Champions League Round of 16 exit, this time to [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]], overshadowed their domestic dominance. Messi's tenure at PSG concluded in June 2023, with the Argentine announcing his departure after two seasons. In total, he won two Ligue 1 titles and contributed significantly to the team's domestic success, but the club's continued failures in European competition remained a key narrative. === Inter Miami === On 7 June 2023, Messi confirmed in an interview that he was joining [[Inter Miami CF|Inter Miami]] of [[Major League Soccer]] (MLS).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/65832658|access-date=9 June 2023|title=Lionel Messi to join Inter Miami after leaving Paris St-Germain|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> == International career == === Argentina === Messi was allowed to play for both [[Spain]] and [[Argentina]] since he had dual-nationality, but he decided to play for his home country, Argentina. He led the team to the final game of the 2005 [[U-20 FIFA World Cup|U-20 World Cup]] by scoring important goals in the knockout stages. Messi scored two goals in the final against Nigeria, and Argentina won 2–1. In addition to receiving a winner's medal, Messi was also awarded the Golden Shoe for most goals scored (6), and Golden Ball for best player. Messi played his first game with the senior team on 17 August 2005 against [[Hungary national football team|Hungary]]. He came on as a substitute. However, he was shown a red card 45 seconds into the game for hitting an opponent in the face on accident while Messi was trying to pull the opponent off from his shirt. Messi scored his first goal for Argentina in a friendly match against [[Croatia national football team|Croatia]] on 1 March 2006. Argentina lost the game 3-2.<ref>{{cite web|date=1 March 2006|title=Croatia vs. Argentina 3-2 - Match Summary|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/match?gameId=195332|access-date=2020-06-26|website=ESPN|language=en}}</ref> He was selected for the [[2006 FIFA World Cup|2006 World Cup]] by coach [[José Pekerman]]. In Argentina's second game against [[Serbia national football team|Serbia]], he became their youngest player to play at a World Cup. He also assisted a goal scored the last one in the 6–0 victory. That goal made him the youngest goalscorer in the 2006 World Cup. Messi won the [[Football at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2008 Olympics]] with Argentina as well, as he assisted [[Ángel Di Maria|Ángel Di Maria's]] goal in the final against Nigeria in [[Beijing]]. Messi was made captain of the national team in 2011. He scored his first hat-trick with the country in his 68th appearance during a 3-1 victory against [[Switzerland national football team|Switzerland]] in February 2012.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2016-06-22|title=Messi breaks Argentina scoring record|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/lionel-messi/story/2891319/lionel-messi-breaks-argentinas-all-time-goal-scoring-record|access-date=2021-03-09|website=ESPN.com|language=en}}</ref> On 21 June 2016, he broke the top scoring record for Argentina by scoring his 55th goal with a gem of a free-kick against the [[United States men's national soccer team|United States]] in the Copa América Centenario. It was regarded as the best free-kick scored by Messi during his career. The record was previously held by [[Gabriel Batistuta]] with 54 goals.<ref name=":2" /> ==== Retirement ==== On 26 June, Argentina once again lost to Chile on penalties 4-2 in the [[Copa América Centenario]] final after a 0–0 tie. Messi missed his penalty in the [[penalty shootout]]. This was Messi's third consecutive defeat in a major tournament final with Argentina, and his fourth overall. A day after the match, Messi announced his retirement from international football. In an emotional interview after the game, he said he was very sad that he missed the penalty and also sad that he wasn't able to win any trophies in four finals.<ref>{{Cite web|last=McKirdy|first=Euan|date=27 June 2016|title='I think this is best for everyone,' Has Lionel Messi retired from Argentina duty?|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/06/27/football/copa-america-lionel-messi/index.html|access-date=2021-03-09|website=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-06-27|title=Lionel Messi retires from Argentina after Copa America final loss to Chile|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/copa-america-tournament/story/2902891/lionel-messi-retires-from-argentina-after-copa-america-final-loss-to-chile|access-date=2021-03-09|website=ESPN.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 will be last says Lionel Messi|url=https://footballcoal.com/fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022-will-be-last-says-lionel-messi/|access-date=2022-05-21|website=footballcoal.com|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018130034/https://footballcoal.com/fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022-will-be-last-says-lionel-messi/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==== Return from Retirement ==== He came out of retirement in October 2016 for the [[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2018 World Cup qualifiers]]. After a slow start to the [[2018 FIFA World Cup]], he helped Argentina qualify to the next round of the competition by scoring the first goal in the 2-1 win over [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]]. Jumping to 2021 with the new coach, [[Lionel Scaloni]], Argentina won the Copa America in June. With Dimaria's goal in the 11th minute, they beat Brazil 1-0 in their home ground. Which was one of the main reasons for Messi winning the Ballon dO'r for the record 7th time and counting. In the mid-year of 2022, Messi and the Argentina team along with Lionel Scaloni beat Italy 3-0 and won the Finalissma trophy. In the winter of 2022, Messi won the [[FIFA World Cup|World Cup]] after scoring 7 goals and providing 3 assists as well as winning the player of the tournament. == Personal life == === Relationships === Messi has three children with his wife Antonella Roccuzzo. They are named Thiago Messi, Mateo Messi and Ciro Messi. Thiago was born on 2 November 2012, Mateo was born on 11 September 2015 and Ciro was born on 10 March 2018. On the bottom of Messi's cleats is the name of his first son, Thiago. Messi and Antonella married in June 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://ftw.usatoday.com/2017/07/lionel-messi-wedding-childhood-sweetheart-antonela-roccuzzo-argentina-barcelona|title=Lionel Messi married his childhood sweetheart, and the photos are stunning|date=2017-07-01|work=For The Win|access-date=2018-03-30|language=en-US}}</ref> === Charity === When not playing on the field, Messi finds time to do charity work. He started the Leo Messi Foundation in 2007 which helps children in at-risk situations. Messi also opened a kids park for children living in a hospital in [[Barcelona]]. He also donated 1 million euros for the Covid-19 virus in Barcelona. === [[Tax]] Issues === In July 2016 he was [[Conviction|convicted]] of tax fraud and sentenced to spend 21 months in prison. Messi was also fined two million [[Euro|Euros]].<ref name="bbc">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36721892|title=Lionel Messi handed jail terms in Spain for tax frauds|date=6 July 2016|website=BBC News}}</ref> Messi never went to prison, and the problem was be solved with [[Probation (1960 movie)|probation]]. He told the court he "only played football" and did not know anything because he left his money problems to be dealt with by his father, Jorge Messi.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36433061|title='I knew nothing', Messi tells court|date=2016-06-02|work=BBC News|access-date=2020-06-26|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Goal Stats == {| class="wikitable" !Game !Shoot accuracy !Number of shoots for each game !Average distance of shoots !Assist per game |- |1 |40 |5 |18 |1 |- |2 |50 |4 |20 |0 |- |3 |30 |6 |22 |1 |- |4 |45 |5 |19 |2 |- |5 |60 |3 |17 |0 |- |6 |55 |4 |21 |1 |- |7 |35 |6 |23 |0 |- |8 |70 |3 |16 |2 |- |9 |65 |4 |18 |1 |- |10 |50 |5 |20 |0 |- |11 |27 |4 |19 |1 |- |12 |24 |5 |21 |2 |- |13 |29 |3 |18 |0 |- |14 |20 |6 |22 |1 |- |15 |33 |4 |17 |2 |- |16 |30 |3 |20 |0 |- |17 |23 |5 |19 |1 |- |18 |26 |4 |21 |1 |- |19 |31 |3 |18 |1 |- |20 |28 |5 |20 |2 |} == Club career statistics == {{updated|23 June 2020}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |- !rowspan=2|Club !rowspan=2|Season !colspan=3|League !colspan=2|[[Copa del Rey]] !colspan=2|[[UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] !colspan=2|Other !colspan=2|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |[[FC Barcelona C|Barcelona C]] |2003–04 |[[Tercera División]] |10||5||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||10||5 |- |rowspan=3|[[FC Barcelona B|Barcelona B]] |2003–04 |rowspan=2|[[Segunda División B]] |5||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||5||0 |- |2004–05 |17||6||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||17||6 |- !colspan=2|Total !22!!6!!colspan=2|—!!colspan=2|—!!colspan=2|—!!22!!6 |- |rowspan=17|[[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] |2004–05 |rowspan=16|[[La Liga]] |7||1||1||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||9||1 |- |2005–06 |17||6||2||1||6||1||0||0||25||8 |- |2006–07 |26||14||2||2||5||1||3{{efn|One appearance in [[UEFA Super Cup]], two appearances in Supercopa de España}}||0||36||17 |- |2007–08 |28||10||3||0||9||6||colspan=2|—||40||16 |- |2008–09 |31||23||8||6||12||9||colspan=2|—||51||38 |- |2009–10 |35||34||3||1||11||8||4{{efn|One appearance in UEFA Super Cup, one appearance and two goals in Supercopa de España, two appearances and two goals in FIFA Club World Cup}}||4||53||47 |- |2010–11 |33||31||7||7||13||12||2{{efn|name=SDE|Appearance(s) in Supercopa de España}}||3||55||53 |- |2011–12 |37||50||7||3||11||14||5{{efn|One appearance and one goal in UEFA Super Cup, two appearances and three goals in Supercopa de España, two appearances and two goals in FIFA Club World Cup}}||6||60||73 |- |2012–13 |32||46||5||4||11||8||2||2||50||60 |- |2013–14 |31||28||6||5||7||8||2||0||46||41 |- |2014–15 |38||43||6||5||13||10||colspan=2|—||57||58 |- |2015–16 |33||26||5||5||7||6||4{{efn|One appearance and two goals in UEFA Super Cup, two appearances and one goal in Supercopa de España, one appearance and one goal in FIFA Club World Cup}}||4||49||41 |- |2016–17 |34||37||7||5||9||11||2||1||52||54 |- |2017–18 |36||34||6||4||10||6||2||1||54||45 |- |2018–19 |34||36||5||3||10||12||1||0||50||51 |- |2019–20 |26||21||2||2||6||2||1||1||35||26 |- !colspan=2|Total !478||440||75||53||141||114||28||22||722||629 |- !colspan=3|Career total !510||451||75||53||141||114||28||22||754||640 |} ==International career statistics== {{updated|17 November 2020}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"" |+ Appearances and goals by national team, year and competition |- !rowspan=2|Team !rowspan=2|Year !colspan=2|Competitive !colspan=2|Friendly !colspan=2|Total |- !Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan=17|[[Argentina national football team|Argentina]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/messi-intlg.html |title=Lionel Andrés Messi – Goals in International Matches |publisher=RSSSF |access-date=23 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Lionel Messi: Player Profile |publisher=ESPN FC |url=http://www.espnfc.com/player/45843/lionel-messi |access-date=9 September 2020}}</ref> |2005 |3{{efn|name=WCQ|Appearance(s) in [[FIFA World Cup qualification]]}}||0||2||0||5||0 |- |2006 |3{{efn|name=WCF|Appearance(s) in [[FIFA World Cup]]}}||1||4||1||7||2 |- |2007 |10{{efn|Six appearances and two goals in [[Copa América]], four appearances and two goals in FIFA World Cup qualification}}||4||4||2||14||6 |- |2008 |6{{efn|name=WCQ}}||1||2||1||8||2 |- |2009 |8{{efn|name=WCQ}}||1||2||2||10||3 |- |2010 |5{{efn|name=WCF}}||0||5||2||10||2 |- |2011 |8{{efn|Four appearances in Copa América, four appearances and two goals in FIFA World Cup qualification}}||2||5||2||13||4 |- |2012 |5{{efn|name=WCQ}}||5||4||7||9||12 |- |2013 |5{{efn|name=WCQ}}||3||2||3||7||6 |- |2014 |7{{efn|name=WCF}}||4||7||4||14||8 |- |2015 |6{{efn|name=CA|Appearance(s) in Copa América}}||1||2||3||8||4 |- |2016 |10{{efn|Five appearances and three goals in FIFA World Cup qualification, five appearances and five goals in [[Copa América Centenario]]}}||8||1||0||11||8 |- |2017 |5{{efn|name=WCQ}}||4||2||0||7||4 |- |2018 |4{{efn|name=WCF}}||1||1||3||5||4 |- |2019 |6{{efn|name=CA}}||1||4||4||10||5 |- |2020 |4{{efn|name=WCQ}}||1||0||0||4||1 |- !Total !95||37||47||34||180||106 |} {{notelist}} == Honours == === Club === '''Barcelona'''<ref>[https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/players/4974/lionel-messi Lionel Messi] at Barcelona's official website</ref> * [[La Liga]]: [[2004–05 La Liga|2004–05]], [[2005–06 La Liga|2005–06]], [[2008–09 La Liga|2008–09]], [[2009–10 La Liga|2009–10]], [[2010–11 La Liga|2010–11]], [[2012–13 La Liga|2012–13]], [[2014–15 La Liga|2014–15]], [[2015–16 La Liga|2015–16]], [[2017–18 La Liga|2017–18]], [[2018–19 La Liga|2018–19]] * [[Copa del Rey]]: [[2008–09 Copa del Rey|2008–09]], [[2011–12 Copa del Rey|2011–12]], [[2014–15 Copa del Rey|2014–15]], [[2015–16 Copa del Rey|2015–16]], [[2016–17 Copa del Rey|2016–17]], [[2017–18 Copa del Rey|2017–18]], 2020-21 * [[Supercopa de España]]: [[2006 Supercopa de España|2006]], [[2009 Supercopa de España|2009]], [[2010 Supercopa de España|2010]], [[2011 Supercopa de España|2011]], [[2013 Supercopa de España|2013]], [[2016 Supercopa de España|2016]], [[2018 Supercopa de España|2018]] * [[UEFA Champions League]]: [[2005–06 UEFA Champions League|2005–06]], [[2008–09 UEFA Champions League|2008–09]], [[2010–11 UEFA Champions League|2010–11]], [[2014–15 UEFA Champions League|2014–15]] * [[UEFA Super Cup]]: [[2009 UEFA Super Cup|2009]], [[2011 UEFA Super Cup|2011]], [[2015 UEFA Super Cup|2015]] * [[FIFA Club World Cup]]: [[2009 FIFA Club World Cup|2009]], [[2011 FIFA Club World Cup|2011]], [[2015 FIFA Club World Cup|2015]] === International === '''Argentina U20''' * [[FIFA U-20 World Cup]]: [[2005 FIFA World Youth Championship#Final|2005]] '''Argentina Olympic team''' * [[Football at the Summer Olympics#Men's tournament|Summer Olympics]]: [[Football at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2008]] '''Argentina Senior team''' * Copa America: 2021, 2024 * [[FIFA World Cup]]: [[2022 FIFA World Cup|2022]] === Individual === {{columns-list||colwidth=50em}} * [[Ballon d'Or]]: [[2009 Ballon d'Or|2009]], [[2010 FIFA Ballon d'Or|2010]], [[2011 FIFA Ballon d'Or|2011]], [[2012 FIFA Ballon d'Or|2012]], [[2015 FIFA Ballon d'Or|2015]], [[2019 Ballon d'Or|2019]], 2021, 2023<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Magee|first=Will|date=2 December 2019|title=Ballon d'Or: live updates from the ceremony as Lionel Messi and Virgil van Dijk compete for top award|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2019/12/02/ballon-dorlive-updates-ceremony-lionel-messi-virgil-van-dijk/|access-date=2 December 2019|issn=0307-1235}}</ref><ref name="BdorRSSSF">{{cite web|title=European Footballer of the Year ("Ballon d'Or")|url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/europa-poy.html|access-date=9 May 2017|publisher=The Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref><ref name="FIFA Ballon d'Or: History">{{cite web|title=FIFA Ballon d'Or: History|url=https://www.fifa.com/ballon-dor/history/index.html|access-date=13 September 2015|publisher=FIFA|archive-date=28 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140928131021/http://www.fifa.com/ballon-dor/history/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * FIFA World Cup Golden Ball: [[2014 FIFA World Cup#Awards|2014]], 2022<ref>{{cite web|date=13 July 2014|title=Messi, Neuer Heralded as Brazil 2014's Best|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=7/news=messi-heralded-as-brazil-2014-s-best-2404615.html|access-date=27 August 2015|publisher=FIFA|archive-date=30 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330045100/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=7/news=messi-heralded-as-brazil-2014-s-best-2404615.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[FIFA World Player of the Year]]: [[2009 FIFA World Player of the Year|2009]]<ref name="FIFA Ballon d'Or: History" /> * [[The Best FIFA Men's Player]]: [[The Best FIFA Football Awards 2019|2019]]<ref name="Messi FIFA2019">{{cite web|date=23 September 2019|title=The FIFA Football Awards Voting Results 2019|url=https://resources.fifa.com/image/upload/final-results-the-best-fifa-football-awards-2019.pdf?cloudid=wgozggskvgbewa2vsxxy|access-date=23 September 2019|website=FIFA.com|publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association|format=PDF|archive-date=17 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217043130/https://resources.fifa.com/image/upload/final-results-the-best-fifa-football-awards-2019.pdf?cloudid=wgozggskvgbewa2vsxxy|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[European Golden Shoe]]: 2009–10, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19<ref name="Messi5thGoldenShoe">{{cite web|date=20 May 2018|title=Messi Wins Fifth Golden Shoe After Winning Pichichi Trophy|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/messi-set-for-fifth-golden-shoe-after-winning-pichichi/16zqsqe8e9tr3187k929hjiwpt|access-date=20 May 2018|publisher=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]}}</ref> * [[Copa América]] Golden Ball: [[Copa América#Awards|2015]]<ref>{{cite web|date=5 July 2015|title=BeIN Sports: Messi habría rechazado el MVP del torneo|trans-title=BeIN Sports: Messi reportedly rejects MVP award for tournament|url=http://futbol.as.com/futbol/2015/07/05/internacional/1436124524_550381.html|access-date=5 July 2015|publisher=AS.com|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Lionel Messi allegedly refuses best player award at Copa America as trophy removed from ceremony|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/babb/11720312/Lionel-Messi-allegedly-refuses-best-player-award-at-Copa-America-as-trophy-removed-from-ceremony.html|access-date=5 December 2015|website=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Messi rechazó recoger el premio a MVP de la Copa América|url=http://www.marca.com/2015/07/05/futbol/copa-america/1436123341.html|access-date=5 December 2015|website=Marca|date=5 July 2015|location=Spain|language=es}}</ref> * [[UEFA Men's Player of the Year Award]]: 2011, 2015 * UEFA Club Footballer of the Year: 2009<ref name="Profile: Lionel Messi">{{cite web|title=Profile: Lionel Messi|url=http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=95803/profile/|access-date=13 September 2015|publisher=UEFA}}</ref> * UEFA Club Forward of the Year: 2009, 2019<ref name="Profile: Lionel Messi" /> * [[La Liga Awards|La Liga Best Player]]: [[2008–09 La Liga|2008–09]], [[2009–10 La Liga|2009–10]], [[2010–11 La Liga|2010–11]], [[2011–12 La Liga|2011–12]], [[2012–13 La Liga|2012–13]], [[2014–15 La Liga|2014–15]]<ref name="Honours of a Genius: The Collector of Trophies">{{cite news|last=Otero|first=Paul M.|date=12 November 2013|title=Palmarés de un Genio: El Coleccionista de Trofeos|language=es|trans-title=Honours of a Genius: The Collector of Trophies|newspaper=Marca|location=Spain|url=http://www.marca.com/accesible/2013/11/12/futbol/equipos/barcelona/1384256483.html|url-status=dead|access-date=13 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328162523/https://www.marca.com/accesible/2013/11/12/futbol/equipos/barcelona/1384256483.html|archive-date=28 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="Messi, Best Forward and Best Player">{{cite web|date=2 December 2013|title=Messi, Mejor Delantero y Mejor Jugador|trans-title=Messi, Best Forward and Best Player|url=https://www.ligabbva.com/liga-bbva/126953/messi-mejor-delantero-y-mejor-jugador-cristiano-jugador-mas-valioso/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208113604/https://www.ligabbva.com/liga-bbva/126953/messi-mejor-delantero-y-mejor-jugador-cristiano-jugador-mas-valioso/|archive-date=8 December 2015|access-date=13 September 2015|publisher=Liga de Fútbol Profesional|language=es}}</ref><ref name="Lionel Messi, 2014–15 Liga BBVA Best Player">{{cite web|date=30 November 2015|title=Lionel Messi, 2014–15 Liga BBVA Best Player|url=http://www.laliga.es/en/noticias/lionel-messi-201415-liga-bbva-best-player|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322140218/https://www.laliga.es/en/noticias/lionel-messi-201415-liga-bbva-best-player|archive-date=22 March 2019|access-date=8 January 2016|publisher=Liga de Fútbol Profesional}}</ref> * [[La Liga Awards#Winners|La Liga Best Forward]]: [[2008–09 La Liga|2008–09]], [[2009–10 La Liga|2009–10]], [[2010–11 La Liga|2010–11]], [[2011–12 La Liga|2011–12]], [[2012–13 La Liga|2012–13]], [[2014–15 La Liga|2014–15]], [[2015–16 La Liga|2015–16]]<ref name="Honours of a Genius: The Collector of Trophies" /><ref name="Messi, Best Forward and Best Player" /><ref name="Lionel Messi, 2014–15 Liga BBVA Best Player" /><ref>{{cite web|date=24 October 2016|title=Lionel Messi named Best Striker in La Liga Santander 2015–16|url=http://www.laliga.es/en/news/lionel-messi-named-best-striker-in-laliga-santander-201516|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806211635/https://www.laliga.es/en/news/lionel-messi-named-best-striker-in-laliga-santander-201516|archive-date=6 August 2019|access-date=25 October 2016|publisher=Liga de Fútbol Profesional}}</ref> * [[Trofeo Alfredo Di Stéfano]] (best player in Spain): [[2008–09 La Liga|2008–09]], [[2009–10 La Liga|2009–10]], [[2010–11 La Liga|2010–11]], [[2014–15 La Liga|2014–15]], [[2016–17 La Liga|2016–17]], [[2017–18 La Liga|2017–18]], [[2018–19 La Liga|2018–19]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-16|title=The MARCA 2019 football awards: Messi collects sixth Pichichi|url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/spanish-football/2019/12/16/5df79e0d22601de02c8b462f.html|access-date=2020-12-29|language=en|newspaper=[[Marca (newspaper)|Marca]]}}</ref> * [[Pichichi Trophy]]: 2009–10, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20<ref>[https://www.si.com/soccer/2019/05/19/lionel-messi-barcelona-goals-eibar-european-golden-boot-race “Messi Wins Sixth Pichichi Trophy, Extends Lead in European Golden Boot Race”]. ''Sports Illustrated'', 19 May 2019</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Messi equals Zarra's record with sixth Pichichi award|url=http://onefootball.com/en/news/messi-equals-zarras-record-with-sixth-pichichi-award-25698176?variable=20190703|access-date=8 April 2020|website=Onefootball}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=19 July 2020|title=Leo Messi wins his seventh Pichichi, a LaLiga record|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/1732775/leo-messi-wins-his-seventh-pichichi-a-laliga-record|access-date=19 July 2020|publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> * FIFA Club World Cup Golden Ball: [[2009 FIFA Club World Cup#Awards|2009]], [[2011 FIFA Club World Cup#Awards|2011]]<ref name="FIFA Club World Cup: Awards">{{cite web|title=FIFA Club World Cup: Awards|url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/clubworldcup/awards/goldenball.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407144625/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/clubworldcup/awards/goldenball.html|archive-date=7 April 2015|publisher=FIFA}}</ref> * FIFA Club World Cup Silver Ball: [[2015 FIFA Club World Cup#Awards|2015]]<ref>{{cite web|date=20 December 2015|title=Barcelona Trio Sweep Awards|url=https://www.fifa.com/clubworldcup/news/y=2015/m=12/news=barcelona-trio-raumt-ab-2747108-2747184.html|access-date=8 January 2016|publisher=FIFA|archive-date=20 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220152446/http://www.fifa.com/clubworldcup/news/y=2015/m=12/news=barcelona-trio-raumt-ab-2747108-2747184.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * FIFA Club World Cup Final Most Valuable Player: 2009, 2011<ref name="FIFA Club World Cup: Awards" /> * [[FIFA U-20 World Cup#Golden Ball|FIFA World Youth Championship Golden Ball]]: [[2005 FIFA World Youth Championship#Awards|2005]]<ref name="2005 FIFA World Youth Championship">{{cite web|title=FIFA World Youth Championship Netherlands 2005|url=https://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/archive/netherlands2005/index.html|access-date=27 August 2015|publisher=FIFA|archive-date=21 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821174600/https://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/archive/netherlands2005/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[FIFA U-20 World Cup#Golden Boot|FIFA World Youth Championship Golden Shoe]]: [[2005 FIFA World Youth Championship#Goalscorers|2005]]<ref name="2005 FIFA World Youth Championship" /> * IFFHS World's Best Playmaker: 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019<ref name="Former Results">{{cite web|title=Former Results|url=http://iffhs.de/former-results/|access-date=30 November 2019|publisher=IFFHS|archive-date=24 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924094523/https://iffhs.de/former-results/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[International Federation of Football History & Statistics|IFFHS]] World's Best Top Division Goal Scorer: 2011, 2012, 2013, 2017, 2018<ref>{{Cite web|title=IFFHS (International Federation of Football for History & Statistics|url=https://iffhs.de/posts/107|access-date=2020-12-29|website=iffhs.de|archive-date=2021-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128132827/https://iffhs.de/posts/107|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Argentine Footballer of the Year: 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019<ref name="Honours of a Genius: The Collector of Trophies" /><ref>{{cite web|date=23 December 2015|title=Premios Olimpia 2015: La Judoca Paula Pareto se Llevó el Oro y los de Plata Fueron Para Messi, Marco Ruben, Andrés Nocioni y Adolfo Cambiaso|trans-title=Olympia Awards 2015: The Judoca Paula Pareto Took the Gold and Silver Was for Messi, Marco Ruben, Andrés Nocioni and Adolfo Cambiaso|url=http://www.radionacional.com.ar/?p=88753|access-date=8 January 2016|publisher=LRA Radio Nacional|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=20 December 2016|title=Los Ganadores de Olimpia de Plata en Cada Deporte, con los Medallistas Dorados de Río entre los Destacados|language=es|trans-title=The Winners of the Silver Olimpia in Each Sport, with the Gold Medalists of Río among the Highlights|newspaper=La Nacion|url=http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1968952-los-ganadores-de-olimpia-de-plata-en-cada-deporte-con-los-medallistas-dorados-de-rio-entre-los-destacados|access-date=21 December 2016|archive-date=23 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223005450/http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1968952-los-ganadores-de-olimpia-de-plata-en-cada-deporte-con-los-medallistas-dorados-de-rio-entre-los-destacados|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=20 December 2017|title=Delfina Pignatiello se quedó con el Olimpia de Oro|language=es|newspaper=TN|location=Buenos Aires|url=https://tn.com.ar/deportes/esencial/delfina-pignatiello-se-quedo-con-el-olimpia-de-oro_841098|access-date=26 January 2018}}</ref> * [[Copa América records and statistics|Copa América Best Young Player]]: [[2007 Copa América#Awards|2007]]{{sfn|Caioli|2012|p=248}} * [[FIFPro#FIFPro Young Player of the Year, 2005–2008|FIFPro Young World Player of the Year]]: 2006, 2007, 2008{{sfn|Caioli|2012|p=248}} * [[Golden Boy (award)|Golden Boy]]: 2005{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=279–284}} * [[FIFPro#FIFA FIFPro Men's World11|FIFA FIFPro World11]]: 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020{{sfn|Caioli|2012|p=248}}<ref name="FIFPro and FIFA Present the 2015 World XI">{{cite web|date=11 January 2016|title=FIFPro and FIFA Present the 2015 World XI|url=http://www.fifpro.org/en/news/fifpro-and-fifa-present-the-2015-world-xi|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424013949/https://fifpro.org/en/news/fifpro-and-fifa-present-the-2015-world-xi|archive-date=24 April 2016|access-date=12 February 2016|publisher=FIFPro}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=9 January 2017|title=The Best named at FIFA Football Awards|url=https://www.fifa.com/the-best-fifa-football-awards/news/y=2017/m=1/news=the-best-named-at-fifa-football-awards-2862916.html|access-date=12 January 2017|publisher=FIFA|archive-date=20 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520041520/http://www.fifa.com/the-best-fifa-football-awards/news/y=2017/m=1/news=the-best-named-at-fifa-football-awards-2862916.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=24 October 2017|title=FIFA FIFPro World11|url=https://www.fifa.com/the-best-fifa-football-awards/fifa-fifpro-world11/index.html|access-date=24 October 2017|publisher=FIFA|archive-date=14 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414110958/http://www.fifa.com/the-best-fifa-football-awards/fifa-fifpro-world11/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=24 September 2018|title=DE GEA, KANTE AND MBAPPE IN WORLD 11|url=https://www.fifpro.org/news/de-gea-kante-mbappe-in-world-11/en/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911061411/https://fifpro.org/news/de-gea-kante-mbappe-in-world-11/en/|archive-date=11 September 2019|access-date=25 September 2018|website=FIFPro World Players' Union}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=23 September 2019|title=VAN DIJK AMONG FOUR DEBUTANTS IN MEN'S WORLD 11|url=https://fifpro.org/news/fifa-fifpro-men-s-world-11-2018-2019/en/|website=FIFPro World Players' Union|access-date=2 March 2021|archive-date=24 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924000410/https://fifpro.org/news/fifa-fifpro-men-s-world-11-2018-2019/en/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-17|title=The FIFA FIFPRO Men's World 11 of 2019-2020 - FIFPRO World Players' Union|url=https://fifpro.org/en/industry/world-11/the-fifa-fifpro-men-s-world-11-of-2020|access-date=2020-12-18|website=FIFPRO|language=en}}</ref> * [[International Federation of Football History & Statistics|IFFHS]] World Team of the Year: 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=IFFHS (International Federation of Football for History & Statistics|url=https://www.iffhs.de/posts/919|access-date=2021-01-31|website=www.iffhs.de|archive-date=2021-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207131906/https://www.iffhs.de/posts/919|url-status=dead}}</ref> * IFFHS World Team of the Decade 2011–2020<ref name=":1" /> * [[International Federation of Football History & Statistics#IFFHS CONMEBOL Man Team of the Decade 2011–2020|IFFHS CONMEBOL Team of the Decade]] 2011–2020<ref>{{cite web|date=26 January 2021|title=IFFHS MAN TEAM - CONMEBOL - OF THE DECADE 2011-2020|url=https://www.iffhs.de/posts/921|work=IFFHS|access-date=2 March 2021|archive-date=29 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129085023/https://iffhs.de/posts/921|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[UEFA Team of the Year]]: [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2008|2008]], [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2009|2009]], [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2010|2010]], [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2011|2011]], [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2012|2012]], [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2014|2014]], [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2015|2015]], [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2016|2016]], [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2017|2017]], [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2018|2018]], [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2019|2019]], [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2020|2020]]<ref name="Profile: Lionel Messi" /><ref name="Team of the Year 2015: Lionel Messi">{{cite web|date=8 January 2016|title=Team of the Year 2015: Lionel Messi|url=http://en.toty.uefa.com/forwards.html?playerId=95803|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120011720/http://en.toty.uefa.com/forwards.html?playerId=95803|archive-date=20 January 2016|access-date=8 January 2016|publisher=UEFA}}</ref><ref name="UEFAtoty2017">{{cite web|date=11 January 2018|title=Facts and figures: UEFA.com Team of the Year 2017|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2528699.html#/facts+figures+uefa+team+year+2017|access-date=13 January 2018|website=UEFA.com: The official website for European football|publisher=UEFA}}</ref><ref name="UEFAtoty2018">{{cite web|date=11 January 2019|title=UEFA.com fans' Team of the Year 2018 revealed|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2589223.html|access-date=11 January 2019|website=UEFA.com: The official website for European football|publisher=UEFA}}</ref><ref name="UEFAtoty2019">{{cite web|date=15 January 2020|title=UEFA.com fans' Team of the Year 2019 revealed|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2637433.html|access-date=15 January 2020|website=UEFA.com: The official website for European football|publisher=UEFA}}</ref><ref name="UEFAtoty2020">{{cite web|date=20 January 2021|title=UEFA.com Fans' Teams of the Year 2020 announced|url=https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/mediaservices/mediareleases/news/0265-1160a803540f-283794ce2b95-1000--uefa-com-fans-teams-of-the-year-2020-announced/|access-date=20 January 2021|website=UEFA.com: The official website for European football|publisher=UEFA}}</ref> * [[FIFA World Cup awards|FIFA World Cup Dream Team]]: [[2014 FIFA World Cup#Dream Team|2014]]<ref>{{cite web|date=23 July 2014|title=Dream Team Winners Earn Sony Prizes|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=7/news=dream-team-winners-earn-sony-prizes-2406063.html|access-date=27 August 2015|publisher=FIFA|archive-date=23 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140723205724/http://www.fifa.com//worldcup/news/y=2014/m=7/news=dream-team-winners-earn-sony-prizes-2406063.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Copa América Dream Team: [[2007 Copa América|2007]], [[2011 Copa América|2011]], [[2015 Copa América#Team of the tournament|2015]], [[Copa América Centenario|2016]]<ref>{{cite news|date=16 July 2007|title=El Once Ideal de la Copa América|language=es|trans-title=The Ideal Eleven of the Copa América|newspaper=La República|url=http://larepublica.pe/16-07-2007/el-once-ideal-de-la-copa-america|url-status=dead|access-date=16 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229220113/http://larepublica.pe/16-07-2007/el-once-ideal-de-la-copa-america|archive-date=29 December 2016}}</ref><ref name="The Copa América 2011 Dream Team">{{cite web|date=8 June 2015|title=The Copa América 2011 Dream Team|url=http://www.ca2015.com/en/gallery/the-copa-america-2011-dream-team/t8bquapogxrw10j9h0aa6h9d7/slide/8|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930010155/http://www.ca2015.com/en/gallery/the-copa-america-2011-dream-team/t8bquapogxrw10j9h0aa6h9d7/slide/8|archive-date=30 September 2015|access-date=13 September 2015|publisher=Copa America Organisation}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=5 July 2015|title=Copa América 2015: Team of the Tournament|url=http://www.ca2015.com/en/gallery/copa-america-2015---team-of-the-tournament/1nqqmzngdosa911z9l2g8k8317/slide/9|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150902002042/http://www.ca2015.com/en/gallery/copa-america-2015---team-of-the-tournament/1nqqmzngdosa911z9l2g8k8317/slide/9|archive-date=2 September 2015|access-date=27 August 2015|publisher=Copa América Organisation}}</ref> * Ballon d'Or Dream Team: 2020<ref>{{cite web|last=Crépin|first=Timothé|date=14 December 2020|title=Ballon d'Or Dream Team : Découvrez les révélations de ce onze de légende !|url=https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Ballon-d-or-dream-team-decouvrez-les-revelations-de-ce-onze-de-legende/1205748|access-date=14 December 2020|website=[[France Football]]|language=fr}}</ref> == Notes == {{reflist|group=lower-greek}} == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commonscat}} *{{Sports links}} *{{Instagram}} *{{Facebook}} {{Argentina Squad 2006 World Cup}} {{Argentina squad 2007 Copa América}} {{Argentina Squad 2010 World Cup}} {{Argentina Squad 2014 World Cup}} {{Argentina Squad 2018 World Cup}} {{Argentina Squad 2022 World Cup}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Messi, Lionel}} [[Category:1987 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Argentine footballers]] [[Category:2006 FIFA World Cup players]] [[Category:2010 FIFA World Cup players]] [[Category:2014 FIFA World Cup players]] [[Category:2018 FIFA World Cup players]] [[Category:2022 FIFA World Cup players]] [[Category:Association football forwards]] [[Category:Association football midfielders]] [[Category:Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Olympic gold medalists for Argentina]] [[Category:Olympic medalists in football]] [[Category:UEFA Euro 2012 players]] [[Category:Ballon d'Or winners]] [[Category:FIFA World Player of the Year winners]] [[Category:FC Barcelona players]] [[Category:People from Rosario, Argentina]] fqsob2uw9nsj7repytmoz2n9wivaacc 4 189924 10367605 10366667 2025-07-02T12:25:53Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 Adding [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yerima Usman Shettima]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy shortcut|WP:AFD|WP:RFD|WP:XFD}} {{Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/header}} == Current deletion request discussions== <!-- Add new entries to the TOP of the following list --> {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yerima Usman Shettima}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/BTSE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elias Hossain (journalist)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wikidot}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/XenonStack}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Eric Zuley}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/NBF Islamic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Joel Cedras}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Isabelle Ryl}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Manuel L. Quezon High School}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Inseparables (2023 film)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maslak USO Center}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mayiladuthurai dry fish market}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Living Advantage, Inc.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/MEETYOO}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fhelipe Gomes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sonya Singha}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kanyakubja}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Perfect Strangers 1975}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brenda Abdelall}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ademar Pereira Marinho}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Veer Gosai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Claudiu Popa}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elokeshi Group of Schools}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Diana Ascher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dean Earls}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Marijana Kurbanova}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Edgar Kaminskyi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mathilde Collin}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Artan Dulaku}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lamar Bonaparte}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pasindu Kumara}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/ViVA Trio}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lilan Zhu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abhilash Pillai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Figure Technology Solutions}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lifelong Connect}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dreamcutter}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Krishna Bhaiya}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Matteo Faustini}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dinesh Kunwar Patel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nikolaos Koklonis}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Plush Community}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akash Ambani}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Buhalterės.lt}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Phil Kluba}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/KnowledgeFlow Cybersafety Foundation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Inselberg (brand)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ion Exchange (India) Ltd}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yuri Bobbert}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brunett kidnappings and murders}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bun Vityealay}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Browser UI}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trapezoidal tabs}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Broken}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bricherhaff}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brandon Thomas Lee}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrei Popescu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Emille Bartolome Joson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thomas Sewell (Australian neo-Nazi)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Big-box corporation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhashani (movie)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhagwan Ahir}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2012 Trinidad and Tobago Quadrangular Twenty20}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Oldham Cricket Club}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Chile national cricket team}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Young kings of England}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Donovan Perkins}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/1870s-1907}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alireza Abbasi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Barry Christopher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basic Roman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basement conversion}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National sports teams of Australia}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National cricket teams}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Battle of Hamek}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/B.O.C Road}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sushant Sinha (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Gopa (caste)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2999}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ann Howard Creel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Anlia van Rensburg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Animal Sound}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrew Jackson Sr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Somequest}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Ôncology Brothers (Company)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ashraf Mahdi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alice Ginott}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alex Donahue}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Hamish Nelson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alan Hawkins (athlete)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akinloye Josiah}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahl Iman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Afrikaans exonyms}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Adam Fox (actor)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2019-20 C2 Cup}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Samantha Stewart}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of Catscratch episodes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Red Bull Ghana}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abolfazl Gilaki}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A History of Manipuri Literature}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Willie D. Spears Jr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahmed Mhiri}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tony Ricca}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Todd Orlando}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tom Aposporos}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lingwa de planeta}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pahariwood}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Omid Ali Nahvi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Campo Grande Municipal Youth Secretariat}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Camilla Nascimento de Oliveira}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Vibez Estate}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Raj Nagesh Kosaraju}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Minnie Ingersoll}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Downtown Kilgore}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tide Pod Challenge}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kehinde Alex Bankole}} == Recently closed deletion discussions == {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trade Federation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Emem Alban}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Greenstreet, Missouri}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Disney Tsum Tsum (TV series)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Emilio Quaia}} <!-- No requests to be added below this line --> {{#ifexpr:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Current requests for deletion}} > 0 | | {{none}} }} ==Related pages== * [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/archives|All archives before July 2008]] - implementation of new system made archives redundant * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that did not succeed]] * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that succeeded]] * [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]] * [[Wikipedia:Quick deletion]] * [[Wikipedia:Requests for undeletion]] * [[:Category:Deletion requests]] * [[:Category:Quick deletion requests]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration|{{PAGENAME}}]] otv5juw4il9kpowgih2icu84e1q2nv8 10367669 10367605 2025-07-02T13:23:07Z Barras 40117 Adding [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of videos on Nintendo Video]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367669 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy shortcut|WP:AFD|WP:RFD|WP:XFD}} {{Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/header}} == Current deletion request discussions== <!-- Add new entries to the TOP of the following list --> {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of videos on Nintendo Video}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yerima Usman Shettima}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/BTSE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elias Hossain (journalist)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wikidot}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/XenonStack}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Eric Zuley}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/NBF Islamic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Joel Cedras}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Isabelle Ryl}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Manuel L. Quezon High School}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Inseparables (2023 film)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maslak USO Center}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mayiladuthurai dry fish market}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Living Advantage, Inc.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/MEETYOO}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fhelipe Gomes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sonya Singha}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kanyakubja}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Perfect Strangers 1975}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brenda Abdelall}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ademar Pereira Marinho}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Veer Gosai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Claudiu Popa}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elokeshi Group of Schools}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Diana Ascher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dean Earls}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Marijana Kurbanova}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Edgar Kaminskyi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mathilde Collin}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Artan Dulaku}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lamar Bonaparte}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pasindu Kumara}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/ViVA Trio}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lilan Zhu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abhilash Pillai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Figure Technology Solutions}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lifelong Connect}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dreamcutter}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Krishna Bhaiya}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Matteo Faustini}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dinesh Kunwar Patel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nikolaos Koklonis}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Plush Community}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akash Ambani}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Buhalterės.lt}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Phil Kluba}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/KnowledgeFlow Cybersafety Foundation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Inselberg (brand)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ion Exchange (India) Ltd}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yuri Bobbert}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brunett kidnappings and murders}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bun Vityealay}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Browser UI}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trapezoidal tabs}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Broken}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bricherhaff}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brandon Thomas Lee}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrei Popescu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Emille Bartolome Joson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thomas Sewell (Australian neo-Nazi)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Big-box corporation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhashani (movie)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhagwan Ahir}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2012 Trinidad and Tobago Quadrangular Twenty20}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Oldham Cricket Club}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Chile national cricket team}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Young kings of England}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Donovan Perkins}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/1870s-1907}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alireza Abbasi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Barry Christopher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basic Roman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basement conversion}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National sports teams of Australia}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National cricket teams}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Battle of Hamek}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/B.O.C Road}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sushant Sinha (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Gopa (caste)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2999}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ann Howard Creel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Anlia van Rensburg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Animal Sound}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrew Jackson Sr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Somequest}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Ôncology Brothers (Company)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ashraf Mahdi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alice Ginott}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alex Donahue}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Hamish Nelson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alan Hawkins (athlete)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akinloye Josiah}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahl Iman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Afrikaans exonyms}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Adam Fox (actor)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2019-20 C2 Cup}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Samantha Stewart}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of Catscratch episodes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Red Bull Ghana}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abolfazl Gilaki}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A History of Manipuri Literature}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Willie D. Spears Jr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahmed Mhiri}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tony Ricca}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Todd Orlando}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tom Aposporos}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lingwa de planeta}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pahariwood}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Omid Ali Nahvi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Campo Grande Municipal Youth Secretariat}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Camilla Nascimento de Oliveira}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Vibez Estate}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Raj Nagesh Kosaraju}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Minnie Ingersoll}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Downtown Kilgore}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tide Pod Challenge}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kehinde Alex Bankole}} == Recently closed deletion discussions == {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trade Federation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Emem Alban}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Greenstreet, Missouri}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Disney Tsum Tsum (TV series)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Emilio Quaia}} <!-- No requests to be added below this line --> {{#ifexpr:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Current requests for deletion}} > 0 | | {{none}} }} ==Related pages== * [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/archives|All archives before July 2008]] - implementation of new system made archives redundant * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that did not succeed]] * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that succeeded]] * [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]] * [[Wikipedia:Quick deletion]] * [[Wikipedia:Requests for undeletion]] * [[:Category:Deletion requests]] * [[:Category:Quick deletion requests]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration|{{PAGENAME}}]] 07qbjoxe5ux391omlosd3y5lt2kk6v5 10368220 10367669 2025-07-02T20:28:28Z Ferien 1011873 move, clear other RfDs due to the large amount that have just been closed 10368220 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy shortcut|WP:AFD|WP:RFD|WP:XFD}} {{Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/header}} == Current deletion request discussions== <!-- Add new entries to the TOP of the following list --> {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of videos on Nintendo Video}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yerima Usman Shettima}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/BTSE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elias Hossain (journalist)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wikidot}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/XenonStack}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Eric Zuley}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/NBF Islamic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Joel Cedras}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Isabelle Ryl}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Manuel L. Quezon High School}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Inseparables (2023 film)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maslak USO Center}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mayiladuthurai dry fish market}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Living Advantage, Inc.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/MEETYOO}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fhelipe Gomes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sonya Singha}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kanyakubja}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Perfect Strangers 1975}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brenda Abdelall}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ademar Pereira Marinho}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Veer Gosai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Claudiu Popa}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elokeshi Group of Schools}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Diana Ascher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dean Earls}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Marijana Kurbanova}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Edgar Kaminskyi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mathilde Collin}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Artan Dulaku}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lamar Bonaparte}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pasindu Kumara}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/ViVA Trio}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lilan Zhu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abhilash Pillai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Figure Technology Solutions}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lifelong Connect}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dreamcutter}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Krishna Bhaiya}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Matteo Faustini}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dinesh Kunwar Patel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nikolaos Koklonis}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Plush Community}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akash Ambani}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Buhalterės.lt}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Phil Kluba}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/KnowledgeFlow Cybersafety Foundation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Inselberg (brand)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ion Exchange (India) Ltd}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yuri Bobbert}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brunett kidnappings and murders}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bun Vityealay}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Browser UI}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trapezoidal tabs}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Broken}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bricherhaff}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brandon Thomas Lee}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrei Popescu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Emille Bartolome Joson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thomas Sewell (Australian neo-Nazi)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Big-box corporation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhashani (movie)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhagwan Ahir}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2012 Trinidad and Tobago Quadrangular Twenty20}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Oldham Cricket Club}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Chile national cricket team}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Young kings of England}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Donovan Perkins}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/1870s-1907}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alireza Abbasi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Barry Christopher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basic Roman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basement conversion}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National sports teams of Australia}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National cricket teams}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Battle of Hamek}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/B.O.C Road}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sushant Sinha (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Gopa (caste)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2999}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ann Howard Creel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Anlia van Rensburg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Animal Sound}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrew Jackson Sr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Somequest}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Ôncology Brothers (Company)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ashraf Mahdi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alice Ginott}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alex Donahue}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Hamish Nelson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alan Hawkins (athlete)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akinloye Josiah}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahl Iman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Afrikaans exonyms}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Adam Fox (actor)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2019-20 C2 Cup}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of Catscratch episodes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lingwa de planeta}} == Recently closed deletion discussions == {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Red Bull Ghana}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abolfazl Gilaki}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A History of Manipuri Literature}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Willie D. Spears Jr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahmed Mhiri}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tony Ricca}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Todd Orlando}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tom Aposporos}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pahariwood}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Omid Ali Nahvi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Campo Grande Municipal Youth Secretariat}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Camilla Nascimento de Oliveira}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Vibez Estate}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Raj Nagesh Kosaraju}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Minnie Ingersoll}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Downtown Kilgore}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tide Pod Challenge}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kehinde Alex Bankole}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Samantha Stewart}} <!-- No requests to be added below this line --> {{#ifexpr:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Current requests for deletion}} > 0 | | {{none}} }} ==Related pages== * [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/archives|All archives before July 2008]] - implementation of new system made archives redundant * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that did not succeed]] * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that succeeded]] * [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]] * [[Wikipedia:Quick deletion]] * [[Wikipedia:Requests for undeletion]] * [[:Category:Deletion requests]] * [[:Category:Quick deletion requests]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration|{{PAGENAME}}]] p4fzksvis6k7zp8qzdbic34i6vyssik 10368368 10368220 2025-07-02T22:22:07Z Ferien 1011873 Adding [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wasted username]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368368 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy shortcut|WP:AFD|WP:RFD|WP:XFD}} {{Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/header}} == Current deletion request discussions== <!-- Add new entries to the TOP of the following list --> {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wasted username}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of videos on Nintendo Video}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yerima Usman Shettima}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/BTSE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elias Hossain (journalist)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wikidot}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/XenonStack}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Eric Zuley}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/NBF Islamic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Joel Cedras}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Isabelle Ryl}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Manuel L. Quezon High School}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Inseparables (2023 film)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maslak USO Center}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mayiladuthurai dry fish market}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Living Advantage, Inc.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/MEETYOO}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fhelipe Gomes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sonya Singha}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kanyakubja}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Perfect Strangers 1975}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brenda Abdelall}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ademar Pereira Marinho}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Veer Gosai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Claudiu Popa}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elokeshi Group of Schools}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Diana Ascher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dean Earls}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Marijana Kurbanova}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Edgar Kaminskyi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mathilde Collin}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Artan Dulaku}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lamar Bonaparte}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pasindu Kumara}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/ViVA Trio}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lilan Zhu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abhilash Pillai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Figure Technology Solutions}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lifelong Connect}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dreamcutter}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Krishna Bhaiya}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Matteo Faustini}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dinesh Kunwar Patel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nikolaos Koklonis}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Plush Community}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akash Ambani}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Buhalterės.lt}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Phil Kluba}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/KnowledgeFlow Cybersafety Foundation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Inselberg (brand)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ion Exchange (India) Ltd}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yuri Bobbert}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brunett kidnappings and murders}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bun Vityealay}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Browser UI}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trapezoidal tabs}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Broken}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bricherhaff}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brandon Thomas Lee}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrei Popescu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Emille Bartolome Joson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thomas Sewell (Australian neo-Nazi)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Big-box corporation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhashani (movie)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhagwan Ahir}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2012 Trinidad and Tobago Quadrangular Twenty20}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Oldham Cricket Club}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Chile national cricket team}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Young kings of England}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Donovan Perkins}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/1870s-1907}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alireza Abbasi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Barry Christopher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basic Roman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basement conversion}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National sports teams of Australia}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National cricket teams}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Battle of Hamek}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/B.O.C Road}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sushant Sinha (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Gopa (caste)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2999}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ann Howard Creel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Anlia van Rensburg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Animal Sound}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrew Jackson Sr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Somequest}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Ôncology Brothers (Company)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ashraf Mahdi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alice Ginott}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alex Donahue}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Hamish Nelson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alan Hawkins (athlete)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akinloye Josiah}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahl Iman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Afrikaans exonyms}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Adam Fox (actor)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2019-20 C2 Cup}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of Catscratch episodes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lingwa de planeta}} == Recently closed deletion discussions == {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Red Bull Ghana}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abolfazl Gilaki}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A History of Manipuri Literature}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Willie D. Spears Jr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahmed Mhiri}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tony Ricca}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Todd Orlando}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tom Aposporos}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pahariwood}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Omid Ali Nahvi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Campo Grande Municipal Youth Secretariat}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Camilla Nascimento de Oliveira}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Vibez Estate}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Raj Nagesh Kosaraju}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Minnie Ingersoll}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Downtown Kilgore}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tide Pod Challenge}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kehinde Alex Bankole}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Samantha Stewart}} <!-- No requests to be added below this line --> {{#ifexpr:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Current requests for deletion}} > 0 | | {{none}} }} ==Related pages== * [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/archives|All archives before July 2008]] - implementation of new system made archives redundant * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that did not succeed]] * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that succeeded]] * [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]] * [[Wikipedia:Quick deletion]] * [[Wikipedia:Requests for undeletion]] * [[:Category:Deletion requests]] * [[:Category:Quick deletion requests]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration|{{PAGENAME}}]] b1qthofyannfnia8d1zscp5chmqqgsa 10368376 10368368 2025-07-02T22:23:27Z Ferien 1011873 Adding [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/VistaPE]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368376 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy shortcut|WP:AFD|WP:RFD|WP:XFD}} {{Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/header}} == Current deletion request discussions== <!-- Add new entries to the TOP of the following list --> {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/VistaPE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wasted username}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of videos on Nintendo Video}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yerima Usman Shettima}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/BTSE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elias Hossain (journalist)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wikidot}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/XenonStack}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Eric Zuley}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/NBF Islamic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Joel Cedras}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Isabelle Ryl}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Manuel L. Quezon High School}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Inseparables (2023 film)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maslak USO Center}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mayiladuthurai dry fish market}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Living Advantage, Inc.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/MEETYOO}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fhelipe Gomes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sonya Singha}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kanyakubja}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Perfect Strangers 1975}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brenda Abdelall}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ademar Pereira Marinho}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Veer Gosai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Claudiu Popa}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elokeshi Group of Schools}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Diana Ascher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dean Earls}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Marijana Kurbanova}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Edgar Kaminskyi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mathilde Collin}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Artan Dulaku}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lamar Bonaparte}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pasindu Kumara}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/ViVA Trio}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lilan Zhu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abhilash Pillai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Figure Technology Solutions}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lifelong Connect}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dreamcutter}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Krishna Bhaiya}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Matteo Faustini}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dinesh Kunwar Patel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nikolaos Koklonis}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Plush Community}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akash Ambani}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Buhalterės.lt}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Phil Kluba}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/KnowledgeFlow Cybersafety Foundation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Inselberg (brand)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ion Exchange (India) Ltd}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yuri Bobbert}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brunett kidnappings and murders}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bun Vityealay}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Browser UI}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trapezoidal tabs}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Broken}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bricherhaff}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brandon Thomas Lee}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrei Popescu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Emille Bartolome Joson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thomas Sewell (Australian neo-Nazi)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Big-box corporation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhashani (movie)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhagwan Ahir}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2012 Trinidad and Tobago Quadrangular Twenty20}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Oldham Cricket Club}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Chile national cricket team}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Young kings of England}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Donovan Perkins}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/1870s-1907}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alireza Abbasi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Barry Christopher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basic Roman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basement conversion}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National sports teams of Australia}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National cricket teams}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Battle of Hamek}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/B.O.C Road}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sushant Sinha (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Gopa (caste)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2999}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ann Howard Creel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Anlia van Rensburg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Animal Sound}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrew Jackson Sr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Somequest}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Ôncology Brothers (Company)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ashraf Mahdi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alice Ginott}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alex Donahue}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Hamish Nelson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alan Hawkins (athlete)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akinloye Josiah}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahl Iman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Afrikaans exonyms}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Adam Fox (actor)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2019-20 C2 Cup}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of Catscratch episodes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lingwa de planeta}} == Recently closed deletion discussions == {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Red Bull Ghana}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abolfazl Gilaki}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A History of Manipuri Literature}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Willie D. Spears Jr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahmed Mhiri}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tony Ricca}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Todd Orlando}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tom Aposporos}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pahariwood}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Omid Ali Nahvi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Campo Grande Municipal Youth Secretariat}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Camilla Nascimento de Oliveira}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Vibez Estate}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Raj Nagesh Kosaraju}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Minnie Ingersoll}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Downtown Kilgore}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tide Pod Challenge}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kehinde Alex Bankole}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Samantha Stewart}} <!-- No requests to be added below this line --> {{#ifexpr:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Current requests for deletion}} > 0 | | {{none}} }} ==Related pages== * [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/archives|All archives before July 2008]] - implementation of new system made archives redundant * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that did not succeed]] * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that succeeded]] * [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]] * [[Wikipedia:Quick deletion]] * [[Wikipedia:Requests for undeletion]] * [[:Category:Deletion requests]] * [[:Category:Quick deletion requests]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration|{{PAGENAME}}]] nhvyon332520x5etj7ib9v6lcpisprc 10368385 10368376 2025-07-02T22:26:25Z Ferien 1011873 Adding [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wolfson hospital terminal]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368385 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy shortcut|WP:AFD|WP:RFD|WP:XFD}} {{Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/header}} == Current deletion request discussions== <!-- Add new entries to the TOP of the following list --> {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wolfson hospital terminal}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/VistaPE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wasted username}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of videos on Nintendo Video}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yerima Usman Shettima}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/BTSE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elias Hossain (journalist)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wikidot}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/XenonStack}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Eric Zuley}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/NBF Islamic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Joel Cedras}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Isabelle Ryl}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Manuel L. Quezon High School}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Inseparables (2023 film)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maslak USO Center}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mayiladuthurai dry fish market}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Living Advantage, Inc.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/MEETYOO}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fhelipe Gomes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sonya Singha}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kanyakubja}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Perfect Strangers 1975}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brenda Abdelall}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ademar Pereira Marinho}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Veer Gosai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Claudiu Popa}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elokeshi Group of Schools}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Diana Ascher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dean Earls}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Marijana Kurbanova}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Edgar Kaminskyi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mathilde Collin}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Artan Dulaku}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lamar Bonaparte}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pasindu Kumara}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/ViVA Trio}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lilan Zhu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abhilash Pillai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Figure Technology Solutions}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lifelong Connect}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dreamcutter}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Krishna Bhaiya}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Matteo Faustini}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dinesh Kunwar Patel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nikolaos Koklonis}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Plush Community}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akash Ambani}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Buhalterės.lt}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Phil Kluba}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/KnowledgeFlow Cybersafety Foundation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Inselberg (brand)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ion Exchange (India) Ltd}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yuri Bobbert}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brunett kidnappings and murders}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bun Vityealay}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Browser UI}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trapezoidal tabs}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Broken}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bricherhaff}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brandon Thomas Lee}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrei Popescu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Emille Bartolome Joson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thomas Sewell (Australian neo-Nazi)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Big-box corporation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhashani (movie)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhagwan Ahir}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2012 Trinidad and Tobago Quadrangular Twenty20}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Oldham Cricket Club}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Chile national cricket team}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Young kings of England}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Donovan Perkins}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/1870s-1907}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alireza Abbasi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Barry Christopher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basic Roman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basement conversion}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National sports teams of Australia}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National cricket teams}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Battle of Hamek}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/B.O.C Road}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sushant Sinha (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Gopa (caste)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2999}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ann Howard Creel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Anlia van Rensburg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Animal Sound}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrew Jackson Sr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Somequest}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Ôncology Brothers (Company)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ashraf Mahdi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alice Ginott}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alex Donahue}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Hamish Nelson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alan Hawkins (athlete)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akinloye Josiah}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahl Iman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Afrikaans exonyms}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Adam Fox (actor)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2019-20 C2 Cup}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of Catscratch episodes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lingwa de planeta}} == Recently closed deletion discussions == {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Red Bull Ghana}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abolfazl Gilaki}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A History of Manipuri Literature}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Willie D. Spears Jr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahmed Mhiri}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tony Ricca}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Todd Orlando}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tom Aposporos}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pahariwood}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Omid Ali Nahvi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Campo Grande Municipal Youth Secretariat}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Camilla Nascimento de Oliveira}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Vibez Estate}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Raj Nagesh Kosaraju}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Minnie Ingersoll}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Downtown Kilgore}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tide Pod Challenge}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kehinde Alex Bankole}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Samantha Stewart}} <!-- No requests to be added below this line --> {{#ifexpr:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Current requests for deletion}} > 0 | | {{none}} }} ==Related pages== * [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/archives|All archives before July 2008]] - implementation of new system made archives redundant * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that did not succeed]] * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that succeeded]] * [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]] * [[Wikipedia:Quick deletion]] * [[Wikipedia:Requests for undeletion]] * [[:Category:Deletion requests]] * [[:Category:Quick deletion requests]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration|{{PAGENAME}}]] 1opm1o8vc5hi6xkm4av70i6i7bq1zas 10368393 10368385 2025-07-02T22:32:39Z Ferien 1011873 Adding [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/WayOutWest Records]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368393 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy shortcut|WP:AFD|WP:RFD|WP:XFD}} {{Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/header}} == Current deletion request discussions== <!-- Add new entries to the TOP of the following list --> {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/WayOutWest Records}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wolfson hospital terminal}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/VistaPE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wasted username}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of videos on Nintendo Video}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yerima Usman Shettima}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/BTSE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elias Hossain (journalist)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wikidot}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/XenonStack}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Eric Zuley}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/NBF Islamic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Joel Cedras}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Isabelle Ryl}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Manuel L. Quezon High School}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Inseparables (2023 film)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maslak USO Center}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mayiladuthurai dry fish market}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Living Advantage, Inc.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/MEETYOO}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fhelipe Gomes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sonya Singha}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kanyakubja}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Perfect Strangers 1975}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brenda Abdelall}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ademar Pereira Marinho}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Veer Gosai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Claudiu Popa}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elokeshi Group of Schools}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Diana Ascher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dean Earls}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Marijana Kurbanova}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Edgar Kaminskyi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mathilde Collin}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Artan Dulaku}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lamar Bonaparte}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pasindu Kumara}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/ViVA Trio}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lilan Zhu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abhilash Pillai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Figure Technology Solutions}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lifelong Connect}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dreamcutter}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Krishna Bhaiya}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Matteo Faustini}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dinesh Kunwar Patel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nikolaos Koklonis}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Plush Community}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akash Ambani}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Buhalterės.lt}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Phil Kluba}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/KnowledgeFlow Cybersafety Foundation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Inselberg (brand)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ion Exchange (India) Ltd}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yuri Bobbert}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brunett kidnappings and murders}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bun Vityealay}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Browser UI}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trapezoidal tabs}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Broken}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bricherhaff}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brandon Thomas Lee}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrei Popescu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Emille Bartolome Joson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thomas Sewell (Australian neo-Nazi)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Big-box corporation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhashani (movie)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhagwan Ahir}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2012 Trinidad and Tobago Quadrangular Twenty20}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Oldham Cricket Club}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Chile national cricket team}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Young kings of England}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Donovan Perkins}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/1870s-1907}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alireza Abbasi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Barry Christopher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basic Roman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basement conversion}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National sports teams of Australia}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National cricket teams}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Battle of Hamek}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/B.O.C Road}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sushant Sinha (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Gopa (caste)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2999}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ann Howard Creel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Anlia van Rensburg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Animal Sound}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrew Jackson Sr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Somequest}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Ôncology Brothers (Company)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ashraf Mahdi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alice Ginott}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alex Donahue}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Hamish Nelson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alan Hawkins (athlete)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akinloye Josiah}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahl Iman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Afrikaans exonyms}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Adam Fox (actor)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2019-20 C2 Cup}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of Catscratch episodes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lingwa de planeta}} == Recently closed deletion discussions == {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Red Bull Ghana}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abolfazl Gilaki}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A History of Manipuri Literature}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Willie D. Spears Jr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahmed Mhiri}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tony Ricca}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Todd Orlando}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tom Aposporos}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pahariwood}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Omid Ali Nahvi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Campo Grande Municipal Youth Secretariat}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Camilla Nascimento de Oliveira}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Vibez Estate}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Raj Nagesh Kosaraju}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Minnie Ingersoll}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Downtown Kilgore}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tide Pod Challenge}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kehinde Alex Bankole}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Samantha Stewart}} <!-- No requests to be added below this line --> {{#ifexpr:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Current requests for deletion}} > 0 | | {{none}} }} ==Related pages== * [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/archives|All archives before July 2008]] - implementation of new system made archives redundant * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that did not succeed]] * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that succeeded]] * [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]] * [[Wikipedia:Quick deletion]] * [[Wikipedia:Requests for undeletion]] * [[:Category:Deletion requests]] * [[:Category:Quick deletion requests]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration|{{PAGENAME}}]] ivbhx4awsor6cyng0n1cbownfj2gd91 10368398 10368393 2025-07-02T22:38:23Z Ferien 1011873 Adding [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Videoclip.bg]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368398 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy shortcut|WP:AFD|WP:RFD|WP:XFD}} {{Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/header}} == Current deletion request discussions== <!-- Add new entries to the TOP of the following list --> {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Videoclip.bg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/WayOutWest Records}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wolfson hospital terminal}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/VistaPE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wasted username}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of videos on Nintendo Video}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yerima Usman Shettima}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/BTSE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elias Hossain (journalist)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wikidot}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/XenonStack}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Eric Zuley}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/NBF Islamic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Joel Cedras}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Isabelle Ryl}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Manuel L. Quezon High School}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Inseparables (2023 film)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maslak USO Center}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mayiladuthurai dry fish market}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Living Advantage, Inc.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/MEETYOO}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fhelipe Gomes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sonya Singha}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kanyakubja}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Perfect Strangers 1975}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brenda Abdelall}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ademar Pereira Marinho}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Veer Gosai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Claudiu Popa}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elokeshi Group of Schools}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Diana Ascher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dean Earls}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Marijana Kurbanova}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Edgar Kaminskyi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mathilde Collin}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Artan Dulaku}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lamar Bonaparte}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pasindu Kumara}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/ViVA Trio}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lilan Zhu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abhilash Pillai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Figure Technology Solutions}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lifelong Connect}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dreamcutter}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Krishna Bhaiya}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Matteo Faustini}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dinesh Kunwar Patel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nikolaos Koklonis}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Plush Community}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akash Ambani}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Buhalterės.lt}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Phil Kluba}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/KnowledgeFlow Cybersafety Foundation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Inselberg (brand)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ion Exchange (India) Ltd}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yuri Bobbert}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brunett kidnappings and murders}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bun Vityealay}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Browser UI}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trapezoidal tabs}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Broken}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bricherhaff}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brandon Thomas Lee}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrei Popescu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Emille Bartolome Joson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thomas Sewell (Australian neo-Nazi)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Big-box corporation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhashani (movie)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhagwan Ahir}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2012 Trinidad and Tobago Quadrangular Twenty20}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Oldham Cricket Club}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Chile national cricket team}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Young kings of England}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Donovan Perkins}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/1870s-1907}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alireza Abbasi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Barry Christopher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basic Roman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basement conversion}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National sports teams of Australia}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National cricket teams}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Battle of Hamek}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/B.O.C Road}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sushant Sinha (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Gopa (caste)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2999}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ann Howard Creel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Anlia van Rensburg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Animal Sound}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrew Jackson Sr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Somequest}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Ôncology Brothers (Company)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ashraf Mahdi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alice Ginott}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alex Donahue}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Hamish Nelson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alan Hawkins (athlete)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akinloye Josiah}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahl Iman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Afrikaans exonyms}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Adam Fox (actor)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2019-20 C2 Cup}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of Catscratch episodes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lingwa de planeta}} == Recently closed deletion discussions == {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Red Bull Ghana}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abolfazl Gilaki}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A History of Manipuri Literature}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Willie D. Spears Jr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahmed Mhiri}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tony Ricca}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Todd Orlando}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tom Aposporos}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pahariwood}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Omid Ali Nahvi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Campo Grande Municipal Youth Secretariat}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Camilla Nascimento de Oliveira}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Vibez Estate}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Raj Nagesh Kosaraju}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Minnie Ingersoll}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Downtown Kilgore}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tide Pod Challenge}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kehinde Alex Bankole}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Samantha Stewart}} <!-- No requests to be added below this line --> {{#ifexpr:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Current requests for deletion}} > 0 | | {{none}} }} ==Related pages== * [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/archives|All archives before July 2008]] - implementation of new system made archives redundant * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that did not succeed]] * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that succeeded]] * [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]] * [[Wikipedia:Quick deletion]] * [[Wikipedia:Requests for undeletion]] * [[:Category:Deletion requests]] * [[:Category:Quick deletion requests]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration|{{PAGENAME}}]] h23x5lb3g4tyjkjc3dtnh95akvfp975 10368406 10368398 2025-07-02T22:44:47Z Ferien 1011873 Adding [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/United Kingdom norovirus epidemic]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy shortcut|WP:AFD|WP:RFD|WP:XFD}} {{Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/header}} == Current deletion request discussions== <!-- Add new entries to the TOP of the following list --> {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/United Kingdom norovirus epidemic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Videoclip.bg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/WayOutWest Records}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wolfson hospital terminal}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/VistaPE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wasted username}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of videos on Nintendo Video}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yerima Usman Shettima}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/BTSE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elias Hossain (journalist)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wikidot}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/XenonStack}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Eric Zuley}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/NBF Islamic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Joel Cedras}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Isabelle Ryl}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Manuel L. Quezon High School}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Inseparables (2023 film)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maslak USO Center}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mayiladuthurai dry fish market}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Living Advantage, Inc.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/MEETYOO}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fhelipe Gomes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sonya Singha}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kanyakubja}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Perfect Strangers 1975}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brenda Abdelall}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ademar Pereira Marinho}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Veer Gosai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Claudiu Popa}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elokeshi Group of Schools}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Diana Ascher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dean Earls}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Marijana Kurbanova}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Edgar Kaminskyi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mathilde Collin}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Artan Dulaku}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lamar Bonaparte}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pasindu Kumara}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/ViVA Trio}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lilan Zhu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abhilash Pillai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Figure Technology Solutions}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lifelong Connect}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dreamcutter}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Krishna Bhaiya}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Matteo Faustini}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dinesh Kunwar Patel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nikolaos Koklonis}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Plush Community}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akash Ambani}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Buhalterės.lt}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Phil Kluba}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/KnowledgeFlow Cybersafety Foundation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Inselberg (brand)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ion Exchange (India) Ltd}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yuri Bobbert}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brunett kidnappings and murders}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bun Vityealay}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Browser UI}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trapezoidal tabs}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Broken}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bricherhaff}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brandon Thomas Lee}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrei Popescu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Emille Bartolome Joson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thomas Sewell (Australian neo-Nazi)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Big-box corporation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhashani (movie)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhagwan Ahir}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2012 Trinidad and Tobago Quadrangular Twenty20}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Oldham Cricket Club}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Chile national cricket team}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Young kings of England}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Donovan Perkins}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/1870s-1907}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alireza Abbasi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Barry Christopher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basic Roman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basement conversion}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National sports teams of Australia}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National cricket teams}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Battle of Hamek}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/B.O.C Road}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sushant Sinha (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Gopa (caste)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2999}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ann Howard Creel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Anlia van Rensburg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Animal Sound}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrew Jackson Sr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Somequest}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Ôncology Brothers (Company)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ashraf Mahdi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alice Ginott}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alex Donahue}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Hamish Nelson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alan Hawkins (athlete)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akinloye Josiah}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahl Iman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Afrikaans exonyms}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Adam Fox (actor)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2019-20 C2 Cup}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of Catscratch episodes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lingwa de planeta}} == Recently closed deletion discussions == {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Red Bull Ghana}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abolfazl Gilaki}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A History of Manipuri Literature}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Willie D. Spears Jr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahmed Mhiri}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tony Ricca}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Todd Orlando}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tom Aposporos}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pahariwood}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Omid Ali Nahvi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Campo Grande Municipal Youth Secretariat}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Camilla Nascimento de Oliveira}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Vibez Estate}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Raj Nagesh Kosaraju}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Minnie Ingersoll}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Downtown Kilgore}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tide Pod Challenge}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kehinde Alex Bankole}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Samantha Stewart}} <!-- No requests to be added below this line --> {{#ifexpr:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Current requests for deletion}} > 0 | | {{none}} }} ==Related pages== * [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/archives|All archives before July 2008]] - implementation of new system made archives redundant * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that did not succeed]] * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that succeeded]] * [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]] * [[Wikipedia:Quick deletion]] * [[Wikipedia:Requests for undeletion]] * [[:Category:Deletion requests]] * [[:Category:Quick deletion requests]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration|{{PAGENAME}}]] 5u3a92immj0l8rwaobf1da2fjzyv9yk 10368413 10368406 2025-07-02T22:51:15Z Ferien 1011873 Adding [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Từ Thức married a fairy]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy shortcut|WP:AFD|WP:RFD|WP:XFD}} {{Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/header}} == Current deletion request discussions== <!-- Add new entries to the TOP of the following list --> {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Từ Thức married a fairy}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/United Kingdom norovirus epidemic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Videoclip.bg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/WayOutWest Records}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wolfson hospital terminal}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/VistaPE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wasted username}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of videos on Nintendo Video}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yerima Usman Shettima}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/BTSE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elias Hossain (journalist)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wikidot}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/XenonStack}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Eric Zuley}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/NBF Islamic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Joel Cedras}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Isabelle Ryl}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Manuel L. Quezon High School}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Inseparables (2023 film)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maslak USO Center}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mayiladuthurai dry fish market}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Living Advantage, Inc.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/MEETYOO}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fhelipe Gomes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sonya Singha}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kanyakubja}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Perfect Strangers 1975}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brenda Abdelall}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ademar Pereira Marinho}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Veer Gosai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Claudiu Popa}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elokeshi Group of Schools}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Diana Ascher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dean Earls}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Marijana Kurbanova}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Edgar Kaminskyi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mathilde Collin}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Artan Dulaku}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lamar Bonaparte}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pasindu Kumara}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/ViVA Trio}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lilan Zhu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abhilash Pillai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Figure Technology Solutions}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lifelong Connect}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dreamcutter}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Krishna Bhaiya}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Matteo Faustini}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dinesh Kunwar Patel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nikolaos Koklonis}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Plush Community}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akash Ambani}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Buhalterės.lt}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Phil Kluba}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/KnowledgeFlow Cybersafety Foundation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Inselberg (brand)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ion Exchange (India) Ltd}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yuri Bobbert}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brunett kidnappings and murders}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bun Vityealay}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Browser UI}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trapezoidal tabs}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Broken}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bricherhaff}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brandon Thomas Lee}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrei Popescu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Emille Bartolome Joson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thomas Sewell (Australian neo-Nazi)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Big-box corporation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhashani (movie)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhagwan Ahir}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2012 Trinidad and Tobago Quadrangular Twenty20}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Oldham Cricket Club}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Chile national cricket team}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Young kings of England}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Donovan Perkins}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/1870s-1907}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alireza Abbasi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Barry Christopher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basic Roman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basement conversion}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National sports teams of Australia}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National cricket teams}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Battle of Hamek}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/B.O.C Road}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sushant Sinha (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Gopa (caste)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2999}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ann Howard Creel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Anlia van Rensburg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Animal Sound}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrew Jackson Sr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Somequest}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Ôncology Brothers (Company)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ashraf Mahdi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alice Ginott}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alex Donahue}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Hamish Nelson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alan Hawkins (athlete)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akinloye Josiah}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahl Iman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Afrikaans exonyms}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Adam Fox (actor)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2019-20 C2 Cup}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of Catscratch episodes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lingwa de planeta}} == Recently closed deletion discussions == {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Red Bull Ghana}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abolfazl Gilaki}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A History of Manipuri Literature}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Willie D. Spears Jr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahmed Mhiri}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tony Ricca}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Todd Orlando}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tom Aposporos}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pahariwood}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Omid Ali Nahvi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Campo Grande Municipal Youth Secretariat}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Camilla Nascimento de Oliveira}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Vibez Estate}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Raj Nagesh Kosaraju}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Minnie Ingersoll}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Downtown Kilgore}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tide Pod Challenge}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kehinde Alex Bankole}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Samantha Stewart}} <!-- No requests to be added below this line --> {{#ifexpr:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Current requests for deletion}} > 0 | | {{none}} }} ==Related pages== * [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/archives|All archives before July 2008]] - implementation of new system made archives redundant * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that did not succeed]] * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that succeeded]] * [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]] * [[Wikipedia:Quick deletion]] * [[Wikipedia:Requests for undeletion]] * [[:Category:Deletion requests]] * [[:Category:Quick deletion requests]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration|{{PAGENAME}}]] 6pexohlhwxb3sq74pc54ngebv6yc1me 10368423 10368413 2025-07-02T22:58:57Z Ferien 1011873 Adding [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/There Are No Thieves in This Village]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy shortcut|WP:AFD|WP:RFD|WP:XFD}} {{Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/header}} == Current deletion request discussions== <!-- Add new entries to the TOP of the following list --> {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/There Are No Thieves in This Village}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Từ Thức married a fairy}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/United Kingdom norovirus epidemic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Videoclip.bg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/WayOutWest Records}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wolfson hospital terminal}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/VistaPE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wasted username}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of videos on Nintendo Video}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yerima Usman Shettima}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/BTSE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elias Hossain (journalist)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wikidot}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/XenonStack}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Eric Zuley}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/NBF Islamic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Joel Cedras}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Isabelle Ryl}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Manuel L. Quezon High School}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Inseparables (2023 film)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maslak USO Center}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mayiladuthurai dry fish market}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Living Advantage, Inc.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/MEETYOO}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fhelipe Gomes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sonya Singha}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kanyakubja}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Perfect Strangers 1975}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brenda Abdelall}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ademar Pereira Marinho}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Veer Gosai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Claudiu Popa}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elokeshi Group of Schools}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Diana Ascher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dean Earls}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Marijana Kurbanova}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Edgar Kaminskyi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mathilde Collin}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Artan Dulaku}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lamar Bonaparte}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pasindu Kumara}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/ViVA Trio}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lilan Zhu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abhilash Pillai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Figure Technology Solutions}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lifelong Connect}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dreamcutter}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Krishna Bhaiya}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Matteo Faustini}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dinesh Kunwar Patel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nikolaos Koklonis}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Plush Community}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akash Ambani}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Buhalterės.lt}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Phil Kluba}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/KnowledgeFlow Cybersafety Foundation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Inselberg (brand)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ion Exchange (India) Ltd}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yuri Bobbert}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brunett kidnappings and murders}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bun Vityealay}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Browser UI}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trapezoidal tabs}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Broken}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bricherhaff}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brandon Thomas Lee}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrei Popescu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Emille Bartolome Joson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thomas Sewell (Australian neo-Nazi)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Big-box corporation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhashani (movie)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhagwan Ahir}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2012 Trinidad and Tobago Quadrangular Twenty20}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Oldham Cricket Club}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Chile national cricket team}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Young kings of England}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Donovan Perkins}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/1870s-1907}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alireza Abbasi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Barry Christopher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basic Roman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basement conversion}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National sports teams of Australia}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National cricket teams}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Battle of Hamek}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/B.O.C Road}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sushant Sinha (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Gopa (caste)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2999}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ann Howard Creel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Anlia van Rensburg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Animal Sound}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrew Jackson Sr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Somequest}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Ôncology Brothers (Company)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ashraf Mahdi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alice Ginott}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alex Donahue}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Hamish Nelson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alan Hawkins (athlete)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akinloye Josiah}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahl Iman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Afrikaans exonyms}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Adam Fox (actor)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2019-20 C2 Cup}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of Catscratch episodes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lingwa de planeta}} == Recently closed deletion discussions == {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Red Bull Ghana}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abolfazl Gilaki}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A History of Manipuri Literature}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Willie D. Spears Jr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahmed Mhiri}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tony Ricca}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Todd Orlando}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tom Aposporos}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pahariwood}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Omid Ali Nahvi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Campo Grande Municipal Youth Secretariat}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Camilla Nascimento de Oliveira}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Vibez Estate}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Raj Nagesh Kosaraju}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Minnie Ingersoll}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Downtown Kilgore}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tide Pod Challenge}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kehinde Alex Bankole}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Samantha Stewart}} <!-- No requests to be added below this line --> {{#ifexpr:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Current requests for deletion}} > 0 | | {{none}} }} ==Related pages== * [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/archives|All archives before July 2008]] - implementation of new system made archives redundant * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that did not succeed]] * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that succeeded]] * [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]] * [[Wikipedia:Quick deletion]] * [[Wikipedia:Requests for undeletion]] * [[:Category:Deletion requests]] * [[:Category:Quick deletion requests]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration|{{PAGENAME}}]] o4umvtuqcuzlyjc6nka5nvdxh5nqfg7 10368430 10368423 2025-07-02T23:01:10Z Ferien 1011873 Adding [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thong Nhat Hospital]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy shortcut|WP:AFD|WP:RFD|WP:XFD}} {{Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/header}} == Current deletion request discussions== <!-- Add new entries to the TOP of the following list --> {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thong Nhat Hospital}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/There Are No Thieves in This Village}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Từ Thức married a fairy}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/United Kingdom norovirus epidemic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Videoclip.bg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/WayOutWest Records}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wolfson hospital terminal}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/VistaPE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wasted username}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of videos on Nintendo Video}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yerima Usman Shettima}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/BTSE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elias Hossain (journalist)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wikidot}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/XenonStack}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Eric Zuley}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/NBF Islamic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Joel Cedras}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Isabelle Ryl}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Manuel L. Quezon High School}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Inseparables (2023 film)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maslak USO Center}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mayiladuthurai dry fish market}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Living Advantage, Inc.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/MEETYOO}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fhelipe Gomes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sonya Singha}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kanyakubja}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Perfect Strangers 1975}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brenda Abdelall}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ademar Pereira Marinho}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Veer Gosai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Claudiu Popa}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elokeshi Group of Schools}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Diana Ascher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dean Earls}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Marijana Kurbanova}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Edgar Kaminskyi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mathilde Collin}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Artan Dulaku}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lamar Bonaparte}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pasindu Kumara}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/ViVA Trio}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lilan Zhu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abhilash Pillai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Figure Technology Solutions}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lifelong Connect}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dreamcutter}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Krishna Bhaiya}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Matteo Faustini}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dinesh Kunwar Patel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nikolaos Koklonis}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Plush Community}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akash Ambani}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Buhalterės.lt}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Phil Kluba}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/KnowledgeFlow Cybersafety Foundation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Inselberg (brand)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ion Exchange (India) Ltd}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yuri Bobbert}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brunett kidnappings and murders}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bun Vityealay}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Browser UI}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trapezoidal tabs}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Broken}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bricherhaff}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brandon Thomas Lee}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrei Popescu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Emille Bartolome Joson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thomas Sewell (Australian neo-Nazi)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Big-box corporation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhashani (movie)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhagwan Ahir}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2012 Trinidad and Tobago Quadrangular Twenty20}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Oldham Cricket Club}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Chile national cricket team}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Young kings of England}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Donovan Perkins}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/1870s-1907}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alireza Abbasi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Barry Christopher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basic Roman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basement conversion}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National sports teams of Australia}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National cricket teams}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Battle of Hamek}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/B.O.C Road}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sushant Sinha (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Gopa (caste)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2999}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ann Howard Creel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Anlia van Rensburg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Animal Sound}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrew Jackson Sr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Somequest}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Ôncology Brothers (Company)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ashraf Mahdi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alice Ginott}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alex Donahue}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Hamish Nelson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alan Hawkins (athlete)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akinloye Josiah}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahl Iman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Afrikaans exonyms}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Adam Fox (actor)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2019-20 C2 Cup}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of Catscratch episodes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lingwa de planeta}} == Recently closed deletion discussions == {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Red Bull Ghana}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abolfazl Gilaki}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A History of Manipuri Literature}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Willie D. Spears Jr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahmed Mhiri}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tony Ricca}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Todd Orlando}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tom Aposporos}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pahariwood}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Omid Ali Nahvi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Campo Grande Municipal Youth Secretariat}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Camilla Nascimento de Oliveira}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Vibez Estate}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Raj Nagesh Kosaraju}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Minnie Ingersoll}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Downtown Kilgore}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tide Pod Challenge}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kehinde Alex Bankole}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Samantha Stewart}} <!-- No requests to be added below this line --> {{#ifexpr:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Current requests for deletion}} > 0 | | {{none}} }} ==Related pages== * [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/archives|All archives before July 2008]] - implementation of new system made archives redundant * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that did not succeed]] * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that succeeded]] * [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]] * [[Wikipedia:Quick deletion]] * [[Wikipedia:Requests for undeletion]] * [[:Category:Deletion requests]] * [[:Category:Quick deletion requests]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration|{{PAGENAME}}]] gcn8ofmdjg8rt0aivs3e6xnxve2vyln 10368448 10368430 2025-07-02T23:12:39Z Ferien 1011873 Adding [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The World Federation of Great Towers]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368448 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy shortcut|WP:AFD|WP:RFD|WP:XFD}} {{Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/header}} == Current deletion request discussions== <!-- Add new entries to the TOP of the following list --> {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The World Federation of Great Towers}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thong Nhat Hospital}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/There Are No Thieves in This Village}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Từ Thức married a fairy}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/United Kingdom norovirus epidemic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Videoclip.bg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/WayOutWest Records}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wolfson hospital terminal}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/VistaPE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wasted username}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of videos on Nintendo Video}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yerima Usman Shettima}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/BTSE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elias Hossain (journalist)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wikidot}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/XenonStack}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Eric Zuley}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/NBF Islamic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Joel Cedras}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Isabelle Ryl}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Manuel L. Quezon High School}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Inseparables (2023 film)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maslak USO Center}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mayiladuthurai dry fish market}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Living Advantage, Inc.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/MEETYOO}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fhelipe Gomes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sonya Singha}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kanyakubja}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Perfect Strangers 1975}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brenda Abdelall}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ademar Pereira Marinho}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Veer Gosai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Claudiu Popa}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elokeshi Group of Schools}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Diana Ascher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dean Earls}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Marijana Kurbanova}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Edgar Kaminskyi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mathilde Collin}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Artan Dulaku}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lamar Bonaparte}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pasindu Kumara}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/ViVA Trio}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lilan Zhu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abhilash Pillai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Figure Technology Solutions}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lifelong Connect}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dreamcutter}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Krishna Bhaiya}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Matteo Faustini}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dinesh Kunwar Patel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nikolaos Koklonis}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Plush Community}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akash Ambani}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Buhalterės.lt}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Phil Kluba}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/KnowledgeFlow Cybersafety Foundation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Inselberg (brand)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ion Exchange (India) Ltd}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yuri Bobbert}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brunett kidnappings and murders}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bun Vityealay}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Browser UI}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trapezoidal tabs}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Broken}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bricherhaff}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brandon Thomas Lee}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrei Popescu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Emille Bartolome Joson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thomas Sewell (Australian neo-Nazi)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Big-box corporation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhashani (movie)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhagwan Ahir}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2012 Trinidad and Tobago Quadrangular Twenty20}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Oldham Cricket Club}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Chile national cricket team}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Young kings of England}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Donovan Perkins}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/1870s-1907}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alireza Abbasi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Barry Christopher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basic Roman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basement conversion}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National sports teams of Australia}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National cricket teams}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Battle of Hamek}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/B.O.C Road}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sushant Sinha (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Gopa (caste)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2999}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ann Howard Creel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Anlia van Rensburg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Animal Sound}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrew Jackson Sr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Somequest}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Ôncology Brothers (Company)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ashraf Mahdi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alice Ginott}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alex Donahue}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Hamish Nelson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alan Hawkins (athlete)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akinloye Josiah}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahl Iman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Afrikaans exonyms}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Adam Fox (actor)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2019-20 C2 Cup}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of Catscratch episodes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lingwa de planeta}} == Recently closed deletion discussions == {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Red Bull Ghana}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abolfazl Gilaki}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A History of Manipuri Literature}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Willie D. Spears Jr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahmed Mhiri}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tony Ricca}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Todd Orlando}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tom Aposporos}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pahariwood}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Omid Ali Nahvi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Campo Grande Municipal Youth Secretariat}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Camilla Nascimento de Oliveira}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Vibez Estate}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Raj Nagesh Kosaraju}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Minnie Ingersoll}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Downtown Kilgore}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tide Pod Challenge}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kehinde Alex Bankole}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Samantha Stewart}} <!-- No requests to be added below this line --> {{#ifexpr:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Current requests for deletion}} > 0 | | {{none}} }} ==Related pages== * [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/archives|All archives before July 2008]] - implementation of new system made archives redundant * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that did not succeed]] * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that succeeded]] * [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]] * [[Wikipedia:Quick deletion]] * [[Wikipedia:Requests for undeletion]] * [[:Category:Deletion requests]] * [[:Category:Quick deletion requests]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration|{{PAGENAME}}]] 4i8bd9t4bz5evo9l3duh50tp3oejp5t 10368453 10368448 2025-07-02T23:13:35Z Ferien 1011873 Adding [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Weekend Top 30]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368453 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy shortcut|WP:AFD|WP:RFD|WP:XFD}} {{Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/header}} == Current deletion request discussions== <!-- Add new entries to the TOP of the following list --> {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Weekend Top 30}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The World Federation of Great Towers}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thong Nhat Hospital}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/There Are No Thieves in This Village}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Từ Thức married a fairy}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/United Kingdom norovirus epidemic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Videoclip.bg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/WayOutWest Records}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wolfson hospital terminal}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/VistaPE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wasted username}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of videos on Nintendo Video}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yerima Usman Shettima}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/BTSE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elias Hossain (journalist)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wikidot}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/XenonStack}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Eric Zuley}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/NBF Islamic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Joel Cedras}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Isabelle Ryl}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Manuel L. Quezon High School}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Inseparables (2023 film)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maslak USO Center}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mayiladuthurai dry fish market}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Living Advantage, Inc.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/MEETYOO}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fhelipe Gomes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sonya Singha}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kanyakubja}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Perfect Strangers 1975}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brenda Abdelall}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ademar Pereira Marinho}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Veer Gosai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Claudiu Popa}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elokeshi Group of Schools}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Diana Ascher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dean Earls}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Marijana Kurbanova}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Edgar Kaminskyi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mathilde Collin}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Artan Dulaku}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lamar Bonaparte}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pasindu Kumara}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/ViVA Trio}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lilan Zhu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abhilash Pillai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Figure Technology Solutions}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lifelong Connect}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dreamcutter}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Krishna Bhaiya}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Matteo Faustini}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dinesh Kunwar Patel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nikolaos Koklonis}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Plush Community}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akash Ambani}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Buhalterės.lt}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Phil Kluba}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/KnowledgeFlow Cybersafety Foundation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Inselberg (brand)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ion Exchange (India) Ltd}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yuri Bobbert}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brunett kidnappings and murders}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bun Vityealay}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Browser UI}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trapezoidal tabs}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Broken}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bricherhaff}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brandon Thomas Lee}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrei Popescu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Emille Bartolome Joson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thomas Sewell (Australian neo-Nazi)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Big-box corporation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhashani (movie)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhagwan Ahir}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2012 Trinidad and Tobago Quadrangular Twenty20}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Oldham Cricket Club}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Chile national cricket team}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Young kings of England}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Donovan Perkins}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/1870s-1907}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alireza Abbasi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Barry Christopher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basic Roman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basement conversion}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National sports teams of Australia}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National cricket teams}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Battle of Hamek}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/B.O.C Road}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sushant Sinha (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Gopa (caste)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2999}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ann Howard Creel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Anlia van Rensburg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Animal Sound}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrew Jackson Sr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Somequest}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Ôncology Brothers (Company)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ashraf Mahdi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alice Ginott}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alex Donahue}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Hamish Nelson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alan Hawkins (athlete)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akinloye Josiah}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahl Iman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Afrikaans exonyms}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Adam Fox (actor)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2019-20 C2 Cup}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of Catscratch episodes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lingwa de planeta}} == Recently closed deletion discussions == {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Red Bull Ghana}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abolfazl Gilaki}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A History of Manipuri Literature}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Willie D. Spears Jr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahmed Mhiri}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tony Ricca}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Todd Orlando}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tom Aposporos}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pahariwood}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Omid Ali Nahvi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Campo Grande Municipal Youth Secretariat}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Camilla Nascimento de Oliveira}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Vibez Estate}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Raj Nagesh Kosaraju}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Minnie Ingersoll}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Downtown Kilgore}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tide Pod Challenge}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kehinde Alex Bankole}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Samantha Stewart}} <!-- No requests to be added below this line --> {{#ifexpr:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Current requests for deletion}} > 0 | | {{none}} }} ==Related pages== * [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/archives|All archives before July 2008]] - implementation of new system made archives redundant * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that did not succeed]] * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that succeeded]] * [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]] * [[Wikipedia:Quick deletion]] * [[Wikipedia:Requests for undeletion]] * [[:Category:Deletion requests]] * [[:Category:Quick deletion requests]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration|{{PAGENAME}}]] 98teixxeset7oe1fno15qkpcvyrtac3 10368464 10368453 2025-07-02T23:22:45Z Ferien 1011873 Adding [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Aidin Ardjomandi]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368464 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy shortcut|WP:AFD|WP:RFD|WP:XFD}} {{Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/header}} == Current deletion request discussions== <!-- Add new entries to the TOP of the following list --> {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Aidin Ardjomandi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Weekend Top 30}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The World Federation of Great Towers}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thong Nhat Hospital}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/There Are No Thieves in This Village}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Từ Thức married a fairy}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/United Kingdom norovirus epidemic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Videoclip.bg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/WayOutWest Records}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wolfson hospital terminal}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/VistaPE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wasted username}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of videos on Nintendo Video}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yerima Usman Shettima}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/BTSE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elias Hossain (journalist)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wikidot}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/XenonStack}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Eric Zuley}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/NBF Islamic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Joel Cedras}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Isabelle Ryl}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Manuel L. Quezon High School}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Inseparables (2023 film)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maslak USO Center}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mayiladuthurai dry fish market}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Living Advantage, Inc.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/MEETYOO}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fhelipe Gomes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sonya Singha}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kanyakubja}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Perfect Strangers 1975}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brenda Abdelall}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ademar Pereira Marinho}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Veer Gosai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Claudiu Popa}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elokeshi Group of Schools}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Diana Ascher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dean Earls}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Marijana Kurbanova}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Edgar Kaminskyi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mathilde Collin}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Artan Dulaku}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lamar Bonaparte}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pasindu Kumara}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/ViVA Trio}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lilan Zhu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abhilash Pillai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Figure Technology Solutions}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lifelong Connect}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dreamcutter}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Krishna Bhaiya}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Matteo Faustini}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dinesh Kunwar Patel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nikolaos Koklonis}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Plush Community}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akash Ambani}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Buhalterės.lt}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Phil Kluba}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/KnowledgeFlow Cybersafety Foundation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Inselberg (brand)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ion Exchange (India) Ltd}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yuri Bobbert}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brunett kidnappings and murders}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bun Vityealay}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Browser UI}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trapezoidal tabs}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Broken}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bricherhaff}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brandon Thomas Lee}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrei Popescu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Emille Bartolome Joson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thomas Sewell (Australian neo-Nazi)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Big-box corporation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhashani (movie)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhagwan Ahir}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2012 Trinidad and Tobago Quadrangular Twenty20}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Oldham Cricket Club}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Chile national cricket team}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Young kings of England}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Donovan Perkins}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/1870s-1907}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alireza Abbasi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Barry Christopher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basic Roman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basement conversion}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National sports teams of Australia}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National cricket teams}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Battle of Hamek}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/B.O.C Road}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sushant Sinha (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Gopa (caste)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2999}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ann Howard Creel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Anlia van Rensburg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Animal Sound}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrew Jackson Sr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Somequest}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Ôncology Brothers (Company)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ashraf Mahdi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alice Ginott}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alex Donahue}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Hamish Nelson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alan Hawkins (athlete)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akinloye Josiah}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahl Iman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Afrikaans exonyms}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Adam Fox (actor)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2019-20 C2 Cup}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of Catscratch episodes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lingwa de planeta}} == Recently closed deletion discussions == {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Red Bull Ghana}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abolfazl Gilaki}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A History of Manipuri Literature}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Willie D. Spears Jr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahmed Mhiri}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tony Ricca}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Todd Orlando}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tom Aposporos}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pahariwood}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Omid Ali Nahvi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Campo Grande Municipal Youth Secretariat}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Camilla Nascimento de Oliveira}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Vibez Estate}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Raj Nagesh Kosaraju}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Minnie Ingersoll}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Downtown Kilgore}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tide Pod Challenge}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kehinde Alex Bankole}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Samantha Stewart}} <!-- No requests to be added below this line --> {{#ifexpr:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Current requests for deletion}} > 0 | | {{none}} }} ==Related pages== * [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/archives|All archives before July 2008]] - implementation of new system made archives redundant * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that did not succeed]] * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that succeeded]] * [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]] * [[Wikipedia:Quick deletion]] * [[Wikipedia:Requests for undeletion]] * [[:Category:Deletion requests]] * [[:Category:Quick deletion requests]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration|{{PAGENAME}}]] 7ncroybw5lfnj1qrersnfgyu1yx10kj 10368480 10368464 2025-07-02T23:28:04Z Ferien 1011873 Adding [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mario Bobino (2nd nomination)]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368480 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy shortcut|WP:AFD|WP:RFD|WP:XFD}} {{Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/header}} == Current deletion request discussions== <!-- Add new entries to the TOP of the following list --> {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mario Bobino (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Aidin Ardjomandi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Weekend Top 30}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The World Federation of Great Towers}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thong Nhat Hospital}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/There Are No Thieves in This Village}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Từ Thức married a fairy}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/United Kingdom norovirus epidemic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Videoclip.bg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/WayOutWest Records}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wolfson hospital terminal}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/VistaPE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wasted username}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of videos on Nintendo Video}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yerima Usman Shettima}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/BTSE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elias Hossain (journalist)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wikidot}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/XenonStack}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Eric Zuley}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/NBF Islamic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Joel Cedras}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Isabelle Ryl}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Manuel L. Quezon High School}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Inseparables (2023 film)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maslak USO Center}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mayiladuthurai dry fish market}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Living Advantage, Inc.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/MEETYOO}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fhelipe Gomes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sonya Singha}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kanyakubja}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Perfect Strangers 1975}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brenda Abdelall}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ademar Pereira Marinho}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Veer Gosai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Claudiu Popa}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elokeshi Group of Schools}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Diana Ascher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dean Earls}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Marijana Kurbanova}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Edgar Kaminskyi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mathilde Collin}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Artan Dulaku}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lamar Bonaparte}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pasindu Kumara}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/ViVA Trio}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lilan Zhu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abhilash Pillai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Figure Technology Solutions}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lifelong Connect}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dreamcutter}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Krishna Bhaiya}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Matteo Faustini}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dinesh Kunwar Patel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nikolaos Koklonis}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Plush Community}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akash Ambani}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Buhalterės.lt}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Phil Kluba}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/KnowledgeFlow Cybersafety Foundation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Inselberg (brand)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ion Exchange (India) Ltd}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yuri Bobbert}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brunett kidnappings and murders}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bun Vityealay}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Browser UI}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trapezoidal tabs}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Broken}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bricherhaff}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brandon Thomas Lee}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrei Popescu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Emille Bartolome Joson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thomas Sewell (Australian neo-Nazi)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Big-box corporation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhashani (movie)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhagwan Ahir}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2012 Trinidad and Tobago Quadrangular Twenty20}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Oldham Cricket Club}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Chile national cricket team}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Young kings of England}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Donovan Perkins}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/1870s-1907}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alireza Abbasi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Barry Christopher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basic Roman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basement conversion}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National sports teams of Australia}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National cricket teams}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Battle of Hamek}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/B.O.C Road}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sushant Sinha (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Gopa (caste)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2999}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ann Howard Creel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Anlia van Rensburg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Animal Sound}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrew Jackson Sr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Somequest}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Ôncology Brothers (Company)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ashraf Mahdi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alice Ginott}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alex Donahue}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Hamish Nelson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alan Hawkins (athlete)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akinloye Josiah}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahl Iman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Afrikaans exonyms}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Adam Fox (actor)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2019-20 C2 Cup}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of Catscratch episodes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lingwa de planeta}} == Recently closed deletion discussions == {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Red Bull Ghana}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abolfazl Gilaki}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A History of Manipuri Literature}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Willie D. Spears Jr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahmed Mhiri}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tony Ricca}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Todd Orlando}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tom Aposporos}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pahariwood}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Omid Ali Nahvi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Campo Grande Municipal Youth Secretariat}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Camilla Nascimento de Oliveira}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Vibez Estate}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Raj Nagesh Kosaraju}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Minnie Ingersoll}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Downtown Kilgore}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tide Pod Challenge}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kehinde Alex Bankole}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Samantha Stewart}} <!-- No requests to be added below this line --> {{#ifexpr:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Current requests for deletion}} > 0 | | {{none}} }} ==Related pages== * [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/archives|All archives before July 2008]] - implementation of new system made archives redundant * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that did not succeed]] * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that succeeded]] * [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]] * [[Wikipedia:Quick deletion]] * [[Wikipedia:Requests for undeletion]] * [[:Category:Deletion requests]] * [[:Category:Quick deletion requests]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration|{{PAGENAME}}]] d0age7qrrptm7kz9jvtc8rna303jvo6 10368499 10368480 2025-07-02T23:40:05Z Ferien 1011873 Adding [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A Wopbopaloobop A Lopbamboom]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368499 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy shortcut|WP:AFD|WP:RFD|WP:XFD}} {{Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/header}} == Current deletion request discussions== <!-- Add new entries to the TOP of the following list --> {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A Wopbopaloobop A Lopbamboom}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mario Bobino (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Aidin Ardjomandi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Weekend Top 30}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The World Federation of Great Towers}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thong Nhat Hospital}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/There Are No Thieves in This Village}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Từ Thức married a fairy}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/United Kingdom norovirus epidemic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Videoclip.bg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/WayOutWest Records}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wolfson hospital terminal}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/VistaPE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wasted username}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of videos on Nintendo Video}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yerima Usman Shettima}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/BTSE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elias Hossain (journalist)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wikidot}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/XenonStack}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Eric Zuley}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/NBF Islamic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Joel Cedras}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Isabelle Ryl}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Manuel L. Quezon High School}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Inseparables (2023 film)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maslak USO Center}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mayiladuthurai dry fish market}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Living Advantage, Inc.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/MEETYOO}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fhelipe Gomes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sonya Singha}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kanyakubja}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Perfect Strangers 1975}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brenda Abdelall}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ademar Pereira Marinho}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Veer Gosai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Claudiu Popa}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elokeshi Group of Schools}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Diana Ascher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dean Earls}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Marijana Kurbanova}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Edgar Kaminskyi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mathilde Collin}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Artan Dulaku}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lamar Bonaparte}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pasindu Kumara}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/ViVA Trio}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lilan Zhu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abhilash Pillai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Figure Technology Solutions}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lifelong Connect}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dreamcutter}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Krishna Bhaiya}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Matteo Faustini}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dinesh Kunwar Patel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nikolaos Koklonis}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Plush Community}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akash Ambani}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Buhalterės.lt}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Phil Kluba}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/KnowledgeFlow Cybersafety Foundation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Inselberg (brand)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ion Exchange (India) Ltd}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yuri Bobbert}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brunett kidnappings and murders}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bun Vityealay}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Browser UI}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trapezoidal tabs}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Broken}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bricherhaff}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brandon Thomas Lee}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrei Popescu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Emille Bartolome Joson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thomas Sewell (Australian neo-Nazi)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Big-box corporation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhashani (movie)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhagwan Ahir}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2012 Trinidad and Tobago Quadrangular Twenty20}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Oldham Cricket Club}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Chile national cricket team}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Young kings of England}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Donovan Perkins}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/1870s-1907}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alireza Abbasi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Barry Christopher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basic Roman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basement conversion}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National sports teams of Australia}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National cricket teams}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Battle of Hamek}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/B.O.C Road}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sushant Sinha (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Gopa (caste)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2999}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ann Howard Creel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Anlia van Rensburg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Animal Sound}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrew Jackson Sr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Somequest}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Ôncology Brothers (Company)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ashraf Mahdi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alice Ginott}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alex Donahue}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Hamish Nelson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alan Hawkins (athlete)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akinloye Josiah}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahl Iman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Afrikaans exonyms}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Adam Fox (actor)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2019-20 C2 Cup}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of Catscratch episodes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lingwa de planeta}} == Recently closed deletion discussions == {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Red Bull Ghana}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abolfazl Gilaki}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A History of Manipuri Literature}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Willie D. Spears Jr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahmed Mhiri}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tony Ricca}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Todd Orlando}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tom Aposporos}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pahariwood}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Omid Ali Nahvi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Campo Grande Municipal Youth Secretariat}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Camilla Nascimento de Oliveira}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Vibez Estate}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Raj Nagesh Kosaraju}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Minnie Ingersoll}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Downtown Kilgore}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tide Pod Challenge}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kehinde Alex Bankole}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Samantha Stewart}} <!-- No requests to be added below this line --> {{#ifexpr:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Current requests for deletion}} > 0 | | {{none}} }} ==Related pages== * [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/archives|All archives before July 2008]] - implementation of new system made archives redundant * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that did not succeed]] * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that succeeded]] * [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]] * [[Wikipedia:Quick deletion]] * [[Wikipedia:Requests for undeletion]] * [[:Category:Deletion requests]] * [[:Category:Quick deletion requests]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration|{{PAGENAME}}]] ry82ia4ris75chl0192qnjm9xbic1ov 10368541 10368499 2025-07-03T00:09:53Z Ferien 1011873 Adding [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/21 Mincing Lane]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368541 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy shortcut|WP:AFD|WP:RFD|WP:XFD}} {{Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/header}} == Current deletion request discussions== <!-- Add new entries to the TOP of the following list --> {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/21 Mincing Lane}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A Wopbopaloobop A Lopbamboom}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mario Bobino (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Aidin Ardjomandi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Weekend Top 30}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The World Federation of Great Towers}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thong Nhat Hospital}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/There Are No Thieves in This Village}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Từ Thức married a fairy}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/United Kingdom norovirus epidemic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Videoclip.bg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/WayOutWest Records}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wolfson hospital terminal}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/VistaPE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wasted username}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of videos on Nintendo Video}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yerima Usman Shettima}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/BTSE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elias Hossain (journalist)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wikidot}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/XenonStack}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Eric Zuley}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/NBF Islamic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Joel Cedras}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Isabelle Ryl}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Manuel L. Quezon High School}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Inseparables (2023 film)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maslak USO Center}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mayiladuthurai dry fish market}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Living Advantage, Inc.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/MEETYOO}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fhelipe Gomes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sonya Singha}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kanyakubja}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Perfect Strangers 1975}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brenda Abdelall}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ademar Pereira Marinho}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Veer Gosai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Claudiu Popa}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elokeshi Group of Schools}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Diana Ascher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dean Earls}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Marijana Kurbanova}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Edgar Kaminskyi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mathilde Collin}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Artan Dulaku}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lamar Bonaparte}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pasindu Kumara}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/ViVA Trio}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lilan Zhu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abhilash Pillai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Figure Technology Solutions}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lifelong Connect}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dreamcutter}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Krishna Bhaiya}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Matteo Faustini}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dinesh Kunwar Patel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nikolaos Koklonis}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Plush Community}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akash Ambani}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Buhalterės.lt}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Phil Kluba}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/KnowledgeFlow Cybersafety Foundation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Inselberg (brand)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ion Exchange (India) Ltd}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yuri Bobbert}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brunett kidnappings and murders}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bun Vityealay}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Browser UI}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trapezoidal tabs}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Broken}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bricherhaff}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brandon Thomas Lee}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrei Popescu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Emille Bartolome Joson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thomas Sewell (Australian neo-Nazi)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Big-box corporation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhashani (movie)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhagwan Ahir}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2012 Trinidad and Tobago Quadrangular Twenty20}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Oldham Cricket Club}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Chile national cricket team}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Young kings of England}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Donovan Perkins}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/1870s-1907}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alireza Abbasi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Barry Christopher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basic Roman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basement conversion}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National sports teams of Australia}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National cricket teams}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Battle of Hamek}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/B.O.C Road}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sushant Sinha (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Gopa (caste)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2999}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ann Howard Creel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Anlia van Rensburg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Animal Sound}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrew Jackson Sr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Somequest}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Ôncology Brothers (Company)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ashraf Mahdi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alice Ginott}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alex Donahue}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Hamish Nelson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alan Hawkins (athlete)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akinloye Josiah}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahl Iman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Afrikaans exonyms}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Adam Fox (actor)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2019-20 C2 Cup}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of Catscratch episodes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lingwa de planeta}} == Recently closed deletion discussions == {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Red Bull Ghana}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abolfazl Gilaki}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A History of Manipuri Literature}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Willie D. Spears Jr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahmed Mhiri}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tony Ricca}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Todd Orlando}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tom Aposporos}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pahariwood}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Omid Ali Nahvi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Campo Grande Municipal Youth Secretariat}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Camilla Nascimento de Oliveira}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Vibez Estate}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Raj Nagesh Kosaraju}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Minnie Ingersoll}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Downtown Kilgore}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tide Pod Challenge}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kehinde Alex Bankole}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Samantha Stewart}} <!-- No requests to be added below this line --> {{#ifexpr:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Current requests for deletion}} > 0 | | {{none}} }} ==Related pages== * [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/archives|All archives before July 2008]] - implementation of new system made archives redundant * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that did not succeed]] * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that succeeded]] * [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]] * [[Wikipedia:Quick deletion]] * [[Wikipedia:Requests for undeletion]] * [[:Category:Deletion requests]] * [[:Category:Quick deletion requests]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration|{{PAGENAME}}]] 5573z3q74oikoisektiwr1xwluxjnce 10368565 10368541 2025-07-03T00:20:37Z Ferien 1011873 Adding [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Aircash]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368565 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy shortcut|WP:AFD|WP:RFD|WP:XFD}} {{Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/header}} == Current deletion request discussions== <!-- Add new entries to the TOP of the following list --> {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Aircash}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/21 Mincing Lane}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A Wopbopaloobop A Lopbamboom}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mario Bobino (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Aidin Ardjomandi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Weekend Top 30}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The World Federation of Great Towers}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thong Nhat Hospital}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/There Are No Thieves in This Village}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Từ Thức married a fairy}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/United Kingdom norovirus epidemic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Videoclip.bg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/WayOutWest Records}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wolfson hospital terminal}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/VistaPE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wasted username}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of videos on Nintendo Video}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yerima Usman Shettima}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/BTSE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elias Hossain (journalist)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wikidot}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/XenonStack}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Eric Zuley}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/NBF Islamic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Joel Cedras}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Isabelle Ryl}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Manuel L. Quezon High School}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Inseparables (2023 film)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maslak USO Center}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mayiladuthurai dry fish market}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Living Advantage, Inc.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/MEETYOO}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fhelipe Gomes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sonya Singha}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kanyakubja}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Perfect Strangers 1975}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brenda Abdelall}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ademar Pereira Marinho}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Veer Gosai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Claudiu Popa}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elokeshi Group of Schools}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Diana Ascher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dean Earls}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Marijana Kurbanova}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Edgar Kaminskyi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mathilde Collin}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Artan Dulaku}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lamar Bonaparte}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pasindu Kumara}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/ViVA Trio}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lilan Zhu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abhilash Pillai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Figure Technology Solutions}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lifelong Connect}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dreamcutter}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Krishna Bhaiya}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Matteo Faustini}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dinesh Kunwar Patel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nikolaos Koklonis}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Plush Community}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akash Ambani}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Buhalterės.lt}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Phil Kluba}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/KnowledgeFlow Cybersafety Foundation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Inselberg (brand)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ion Exchange (India) Ltd}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yuri Bobbert}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brunett kidnappings and murders}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bun Vityealay}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Browser UI}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trapezoidal tabs}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Broken}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bricherhaff}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brandon Thomas Lee}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrei Popescu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Emille Bartolome Joson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thomas Sewell (Australian neo-Nazi)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Big-box corporation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhashani (movie)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhagwan Ahir}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2012 Trinidad and Tobago Quadrangular Twenty20}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Oldham Cricket Club}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Chile national cricket team}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Young kings of England}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Donovan Perkins}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/1870s-1907}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alireza Abbasi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Barry Christopher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basic Roman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basement conversion}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National sports teams of Australia}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National cricket teams}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Battle of Hamek}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/B.O.C Road}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sushant Sinha (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Gopa (caste)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2999}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ann Howard Creel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Anlia van Rensburg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Animal Sound}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrew Jackson Sr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Somequest}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Ôncology Brothers (Company)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ashraf Mahdi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alice Ginott}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alex Donahue}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Hamish Nelson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alan Hawkins (athlete)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akinloye Josiah}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahl Iman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Afrikaans exonyms}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Adam Fox (actor)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2019-20 C2 Cup}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of Catscratch episodes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lingwa de planeta}} == Recently closed deletion discussions == {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Red Bull Ghana}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abolfazl Gilaki}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A History of Manipuri Literature}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Willie D. Spears Jr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahmed Mhiri}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tony Ricca}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Todd Orlando}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tom Aposporos}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pahariwood}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Omid Ali Nahvi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Campo Grande Municipal Youth Secretariat}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Camilla Nascimento de Oliveira}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Vibez Estate}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Raj Nagesh Kosaraju}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Minnie Ingersoll}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Downtown Kilgore}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tide Pod Challenge}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kehinde Alex Bankole}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Samantha Stewart}} <!-- No requests to be added below this line --> {{#ifexpr:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Current requests for deletion}} > 0 | | {{none}} }} ==Related pages== * [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/archives|All archives before July 2008]] - implementation of new system made archives redundant * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that did not succeed]] * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that succeeded]] * [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]] * [[Wikipedia:Quick deletion]] * [[Wikipedia:Requests for undeletion]] * [[:Category:Deletion requests]] * [[:Category:Quick deletion requests]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration|{{PAGENAME}}]] q3pykmcpt185ez50e37wq9v8bjeetel 10368617 10368565 2025-07-03T01:03:21Z Fr33kman 15149 Adding [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trendupp Awards]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368617 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy shortcut|WP:AFD|WP:RFD|WP:XFD}} {{Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/header}} == Current deletion request discussions== <!-- Add new entries to the TOP of the following list --> {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trendupp Awards}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Aircash}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/21 Mincing Lane}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A Wopbopaloobop A Lopbamboom}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mario Bobino (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Aidin Ardjomandi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Weekend Top 30}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The World Federation of Great Towers}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thong Nhat Hospital}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/There Are No Thieves in This Village}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Từ Thức married a fairy}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/United Kingdom norovirus epidemic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Videoclip.bg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/WayOutWest Records}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wolfson hospital terminal}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/VistaPE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wasted username}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of videos on Nintendo Video}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yerima Usman Shettima}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/BTSE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elias Hossain (journalist)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wikidot}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/XenonStack}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Eric Zuley}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/NBF Islamic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Joel Cedras}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Isabelle Ryl}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Manuel L. Quezon High School}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Inseparables (2023 film)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maslak USO Center}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mayiladuthurai dry fish market}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Living Advantage, Inc.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/MEETYOO}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fhelipe Gomes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sonya Singha}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kanyakubja}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Perfect Strangers 1975}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brenda Abdelall}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ademar Pereira Marinho}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Veer Gosai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Claudiu Popa}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elokeshi Group of Schools}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Diana Ascher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dean Earls}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Marijana Kurbanova}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Edgar Kaminskyi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mathilde Collin}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Artan Dulaku}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lamar Bonaparte}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pasindu Kumara}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/ViVA Trio}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lilan Zhu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abhilash Pillai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Figure Technology Solutions}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lifelong Connect}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dreamcutter}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Krishna Bhaiya}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Matteo Faustini}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dinesh Kunwar Patel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nikolaos Koklonis}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Plush Community}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akash Ambani}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Buhalterės.lt}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Phil Kluba}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/KnowledgeFlow Cybersafety Foundation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Inselberg (brand)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ion Exchange (India) Ltd}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yuri Bobbert}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brunett kidnappings and murders}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bun Vityealay}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Browser UI}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trapezoidal tabs}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Broken}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bricherhaff}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brandon Thomas Lee}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrei Popescu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Emille Bartolome Joson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thomas Sewell (Australian neo-Nazi)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Big-box corporation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhashani (movie)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhagwan Ahir}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2012 Trinidad and Tobago Quadrangular Twenty20}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Oldham Cricket Club}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Chile national cricket team}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Young kings of England}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Donovan Perkins}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/1870s-1907}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alireza Abbasi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Barry Christopher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basic Roman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basement conversion}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National sports teams of Australia}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National cricket teams}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Battle of Hamek}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/B.O.C Road}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sushant Sinha (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Gopa (caste)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2999}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ann Howard Creel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Anlia van Rensburg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Animal Sound}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrew Jackson Sr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Somequest}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Ôncology Brothers (Company)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ashraf Mahdi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alice Ginott}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alex Donahue}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Hamish Nelson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alan Hawkins (athlete)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akinloye Josiah}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahl Iman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Afrikaans exonyms}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Adam Fox (actor)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2019-20 C2 Cup}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of Catscratch episodes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lingwa de planeta}} == Recently closed deletion discussions == {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Red Bull Ghana}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abolfazl Gilaki}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A History of Manipuri Literature}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Willie D. Spears Jr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahmed Mhiri}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tony Ricca}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Todd Orlando}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tom Aposporos}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pahariwood}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Omid Ali Nahvi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Campo Grande Municipal Youth Secretariat}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Camilla Nascimento de Oliveira}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Vibez Estate}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Raj Nagesh Kosaraju}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Minnie Ingersoll}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Downtown Kilgore}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tide Pod Challenge}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kehinde Alex Bankole}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Samantha Stewart}} <!-- No requests to be added below this line --> {{#ifexpr:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Current requests for deletion}} > 0 | | {{none}} }} ==Related pages== * [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/archives|All archives before July 2008]] - implementation of new system made archives redundant * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that did not succeed]] * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that succeeded]] * [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]] * [[Wikipedia:Quick deletion]] * [[Wikipedia:Requests for undeletion]] * [[:Category:Deletion requests]] * [[:Category:Quick deletion requests]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration|{{PAGENAME}}]] nvsage6msan25n779nd63bhk3s6pebc 10368622 10368617 2025-07-03T01:05:13Z Fr33kman 15149 Adding [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nigerian Humanitarian Awards and Magazine]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368622 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy shortcut|WP:AFD|WP:RFD|WP:XFD}} {{Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/header}} == Current deletion request discussions== <!-- Add new entries to the TOP of the following list --> {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nigerian Humanitarian Awards and Magazine}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trendupp Awards}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Aircash}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/21 Mincing Lane}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A Wopbopaloobop A Lopbamboom}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mario Bobino (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Aidin Ardjomandi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Weekend Top 30}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The World Federation of Great Towers}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thong Nhat Hospital}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/There Are No Thieves in This Village}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Từ Thức married a fairy}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/United Kingdom norovirus epidemic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Videoclip.bg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/WayOutWest Records}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wolfson hospital terminal}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/VistaPE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wasted username}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of videos on Nintendo Video}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yerima Usman Shettima}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/BTSE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elias Hossain (journalist)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wikidot}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/XenonStack}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Eric Zuley}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/NBF Islamic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Joel Cedras}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Isabelle Ryl}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Manuel L. Quezon High School}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Inseparables (2023 film)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maslak USO Center}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mayiladuthurai dry fish market}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Living Advantage, Inc.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/MEETYOO}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fhelipe Gomes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sonya Singha}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kanyakubja}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Perfect Strangers 1975}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brenda Abdelall}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ademar Pereira Marinho}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Veer Gosai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Claudiu Popa}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elokeshi Group of Schools}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Diana Ascher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dean Earls}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Marijana Kurbanova}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Edgar Kaminskyi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mathilde Collin}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Artan Dulaku}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lamar Bonaparte}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pasindu Kumara}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/ViVA Trio}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lilan Zhu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abhilash Pillai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Figure Technology Solutions}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lifelong Connect}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dreamcutter}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Krishna Bhaiya}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Matteo Faustini}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dinesh Kunwar Patel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nikolaos Koklonis}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Plush Community}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akash Ambani}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Buhalterės.lt}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Phil Kluba}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/KnowledgeFlow Cybersafety Foundation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Inselberg (brand)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ion Exchange (India) Ltd}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yuri Bobbert}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brunett kidnappings and murders}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bun Vityealay}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Browser UI}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trapezoidal tabs}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Broken}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bricherhaff}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brandon Thomas Lee}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrei Popescu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Emille Bartolome Joson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thomas Sewell (Australian neo-Nazi)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Big-box corporation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhashani (movie)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhagwan Ahir}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2012 Trinidad and Tobago Quadrangular Twenty20}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Oldham Cricket Club}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Chile national cricket team}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Young kings of England}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Donovan Perkins}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/1870s-1907}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alireza Abbasi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Barry Christopher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basic Roman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basement conversion}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National sports teams of Australia}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National cricket teams}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Battle of Hamek}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/B.O.C Road}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sushant Sinha (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Gopa (caste)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2999}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ann Howard Creel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Anlia van Rensburg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Animal Sound}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrew Jackson Sr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Somequest}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Ôncology Brothers (Company)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ashraf Mahdi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alice Ginott}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alex Donahue}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Hamish Nelson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alan Hawkins (athlete)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akinloye Josiah}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahl Iman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Afrikaans exonyms}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Adam Fox (actor)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2019-20 C2 Cup}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of Catscratch episodes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lingwa de planeta}} == Recently closed deletion discussions == {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Red Bull Ghana}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abolfazl Gilaki}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A History of Manipuri Literature}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Willie D. Spears Jr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahmed Mhiri}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tony Ricca}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Todd Orlando}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tom Aposporos}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pahariwood}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Omid Ali Nahvi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Campo Grande Municipal Youth Secretariat}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Camilla Nascimento de Oliveira}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Vibez Estate}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Raj Nagesh Kosaraju}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Minnie Ingersoll}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Downtown Kilgore}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tide Pod Challenge}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kehinde Alex Bankole}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Samantha Stewart}} <!-- No requests to be added below this line --> {{#ifexpr:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Current requests for deletion}} > 0 | | {{none}} }} ==Related pages== * [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/archives|All archives before July 2008]] - implementation of new system made archives redundant * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that did not succeed]] * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that succeeded]] * [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]] * [[Wikipedia:Quick deletion]] * [[Wikipedia:Requests for undeletion]] * [[:Category:Deletion requests]] * [[:Category:Quick deletion requests]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration|{{PAGENAME}}]] kmp2bdj44c300u23uf9gidu35r9indz 10368631 10368622 2025-07-03T01:15:03Z Fr33kman 15149 Adding [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Itti Si Khushi]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy shortcut|WP:AFD|WP:RFD|WP:XFD}} {{Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/header}} == Current deletion request discussions== <!-- Add new entries to the TOP of the following list --> {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Itti Si Khushi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nigerian Humanitarian Awards and Magazine}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trendupp Awards}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Aircash}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/21 Mincing Lane}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A Wopbopaloobop A Lopbamboom}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mario Bobino (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Aidin Ardjomandi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Weekend Top 30}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The World Federation of Great Towers}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thong Nhat Hospital}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/There Are No Thieves in This Village}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Từ Thức married a fairy}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/United Kingdom norovirus epidemic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Videoclip.bg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/WayOutWest Records}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wolfson hospital terminal}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/VistaPE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wasted username}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of videos on Nintendo Video}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yerima Usman Shettima}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/BTSE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elias Hossain (journalist)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wikidot}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/XenonStack}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Eric Zuley}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/NBF Islamic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Joel Cedras}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Isabelle Ryl}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Manuel L. Quezon High School}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Inseparables (2023 film)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maslak USO Center}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mayiladuthurai dry fish market}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Living Advantage, Inc.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/MEETYOO}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fhelipe Gomes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sonya Singha}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kanyakubja}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Perfect Strangers 1975}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brenda Abdelall}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ademar Pereira Marinho}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Veer Gosai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Claudiu Popa}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elokeshi Group of Schools}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Diana Ascher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dean Earls}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Marijana Kurbanova}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Edgar Kaminskyi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mathilde Collin}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Artan Dulaku}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lamar Bonaparte}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pasindu Kumara}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/ViVA Trio}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lilan Zhu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abhilash Pillai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Figure Technology Solutions}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lifelong Connect}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dreamcutter}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Krishna Bhaiya}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Matteo Faustini}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dinesh Kunwar Patel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nikolaos Koklonis}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Plush Community}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akash Ambani}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Buhalterės.lt}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Phil Kluba}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/KnowledgeFlow Cybersafety Foundation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Inselberg (brand)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ion Exchange (India) Ltd}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yuri Bobbert}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brunett kidnappings and murders}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bun Vityealay}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Browser UI}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trapezoidal tabs}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Broken}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bricherhaff}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brandon Thomas Lee}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrei Popescu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Emille Bartolome Joson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thomas Sewell (Australian neo-Nazi)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Big-box corporation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhashani (movie)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhagwan Ahir}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2012 Trinidad and Tobago Quadrangular Twenty20}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Oldham Cricket Club}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Chile national cricket team}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Young kings of England}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Donovan Perkins}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/1870s-1907}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alireza Abbasi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Barry Christopher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basic Roman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basement conversion}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National sports teams of Australia}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National cricket teams}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Battle of Hamek}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/B.O.C Road}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sushant Sinha (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Gopa (caste)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2999}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ann Howard Creel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Anlia van Rensburg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Animal Sound}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrew Jackson Sr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Somequest}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Ôncology Brothers (Company)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ashraf Mahdi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alice Ginott}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alex Donahue}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Hamish Nelson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alan Hawkins (athlete)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akinloye Josiah}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahl Iman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Afrikaans exonyms}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Adam Fox (actor)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2019-20 C2 Cup}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of Catscratch episodes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lingwa de planeta}} == Recently closed deletion discussions == {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Red Bull Ghana}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abolfazl Gilaki}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A History of Manipuri Literature}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Willie D. Spears Jr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahmed Mhiri}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tony Ricca}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Todd Orlando}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tom Aposporos}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pahariwood}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Omid Ali Nahvi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Campo Grande Municipal Youth Secretariat}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Camilla Nascimento de Oliveira}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Vibez Estate}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Raj Nagesh Kosaraju}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Minnie Ingersoll}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Downtown Kilgore}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tide Pod Challenge}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kehinde Alex Bankole}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Samantha Stewart}} <!-- No requests to be added below this line --> {{#ifexpr:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Current requests for deletion}} > 0 | | {{none}} }} ==Related pages== * [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/archives|All archives before July 2008]] - implementation of new system made archives redundant * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that did not succeed]] * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that succeeded]] * [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]] * [[Wikipedia:Quick deletion]] * [[Wikipedia:Requests for undeletion]] * [[:Category:Deletion requests]] * [[:Category:Quick deletion requests]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration|{{PAGENAME}}]] 1i0jms9dws3g86wqdfyhb2irwerd9ht 10368667 10368631 2025-07-03T01:55:31Z Auntof6 22027 processing 10368667 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy shortcut|WP:AFD|WP:RFD|WP:XFD}} {{Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/header}} == Current deletion request discussions== <!-- Add new entries to the TOP of the following list --> {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Itti Si Khushi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nigerian Humanitarian Awards and Magazine}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trendupp Awards}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Aircash}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/21 Mincing Lane}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A Wopbopaloobop A Lopbamboom}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mario Bobino (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Aidin Ardjomandi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Weekend Top 30}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The World Federation of Great Towers}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thong Nhat Hospital}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/There Are No Thieves in This Village}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Từ Thức married a fairy}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/United Kingdom norovirus epidemic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Videoclip.bg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/WayOutWest Records}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wolfson hospital terminal}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/VistaPE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wasted username}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of videos on Nintendo Video}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yerima Usman Shettima}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/BTSE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elias Hossain (journalist)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wikidot}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/XenonStack}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Eric Zuley}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/NBF Islamic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Joel Cedras}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Isabelle Ryl}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Manuel L. Quezon High School}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Inseparables (2023 film)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maslak USO Center}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mayiladuthurai dry fish market}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Living Advantage, Inc.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/MEETYOO}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fhelipe Gomes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sonya Singha}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kanyakubja}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Perfect Strangers 1975}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brenda Abdelall}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ademar Pereira Marinho}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Veer Gosai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Claudiu Popa}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elokeshi Group of Schools}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Diana Ascher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dean Earls}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Marijana Kurbanova}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Edgar Kaminskyi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mathilde Collin}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Artan Dulaku}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lamar Bonaparte}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pasindu Kumara}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/ViVA Trio}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lilan Zhu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abhilash Pillai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Figure Technology Solutions}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lifelong Connect}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dreamcutter}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Krishna Bhaiya}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Matteo Faustini}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dinesh Kunwar Patel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nikolaos Koklonis}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Plush Community}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akash Ambani}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Buhalterės.lt}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Phil Kluba}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/KnowledgeFlow Cybersafety Foundation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Inselberg (brand)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ion Exchange (India) Ltd}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yuri Bobbert}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brunett kidnappings and murders}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bun Vityealay}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Browser UI}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trapezoidal tabs}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Broken}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bricherhaff}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brandon Thomas Lee}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrei Popescu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Emille Bartolome Joson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thomas Sewell (Australian neo-Nazi)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Big-box corporation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhashani (movie)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhagwan Ahir}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2012 Trinidad and Tobago Quadrangular Twenty20}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Oldham Cricket Club}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Chile national cricket team}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Young kings of England}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Donovan Perkins}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/1870s-1907}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alireza Abbasi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Barry Christopher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basic Roman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basement conversion}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National sports teams of Australia}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National cricket teams}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Battle of Hamek}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/B.O.C Road}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sushant Sinha (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Gopa (caste)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2999}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ann Howard Creel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Anlia van Rensburg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Animal Sound}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrew Jackson Sr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Somequest}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Ôncology Brothers (Company)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ashraf Mahdi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alice Ginott}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alex Donahue}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Hamish Nelson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alan Hawkins (athlete)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akinloye Josiah}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahl Iman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Afrikaans exonyms}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Adam Fox (actor)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2019-20 C2 Cup}} == Recently closed deletion discussions == {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of Catscratch episodes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lingwa de planeta}} <!-- No requests to be added below this line --> {{#ifexpr:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Current requests for deletion}} > 0 | | {{none}} }} ==Related pages== * [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/archives|All archives before July 2008]] - implementation of new system made archives redundant * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that did not succeed]] * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that succeeded]] * [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]] * [[Wikipedia:Quick deletion]] * [[Wikipedia:Requests for undeletion]] * [[:Category:Deletion requests]] * [[:Category:Quick deletion requests]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration|{{PAGENAME}}]] lpy5zfebqn3e35nlbz4tdd2imhif620 10369457 10368667 2025-07-03T11:33:51Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests//Brainbombs songs and EPs]] 10369457 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy shortcut|WP:AFD|WP:RFD|WP:XFD}} {{Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/header}} == Current deletion request discussions== <!-- Add new entries to the TOP of the following list --> {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests//Brainbombs songs and EPs}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Itti Si Khushi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nigerian Humanitarian Awards and Magazine}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trendupp Awards}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Aircash}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/21 Mincing Lane}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A Wopbopaloobop A Lopbamboom}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mario Bobino (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Aidin Ardjomandi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Weekend Top 30}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The World Federation of Great Towers}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thong Nhat Hospital}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/There Are No Thieves in This Village}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Từ Thức married a fairy}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/United Kingdom norovirus epidemic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Videoclip.bg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/WayOutWest Records}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wolfson hospital terminal}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/VistaPE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wasted username}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of videos on Nintendo Video}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yerima Usman Shettima}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/BTSE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elias Hossain (journalist)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wikidot}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/XenonStack}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Eric Zuley}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/NBF Islamic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Joel Cedras}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Isabelle Ryl}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Manuel L. Quezon High School}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Inseparables (2023 film)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maslak USO Center}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mayiladuthurai dry fish market}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Living Advantage, Inc.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/MEETYOO}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fhelipe Gomes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sonya Singha}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kanyakubja}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Perfect Strangers 1975}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brenda Abdelall}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ademar Pereira Marinho}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Veer Gosai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Claudiu Popa}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elokeshi Group of Schools}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Diana Ascher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dean Earls}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Marijana Kurbanova}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Edgar Kaminskyi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mathilde Collin}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Artan Dulaku}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lamar Bonaparte}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pasindu Kumara}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/ViVA Trio}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lilan Zhu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abhilash Pillai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Figure Technology Solutions}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lifelong Connect}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dreamcutter}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Krishna Bhaiya}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Matteo Faustini}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dinesh Kunwar Patel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nikolaos Koklonis}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Plush Community}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akash Ambani}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Buhalterės.lt}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Phil Kluba}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/KnowledgeFlow Cybersafety Foundation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Inselberg (brand)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ion Exchange (India) Ltd}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yuri Bobbert}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brunett kidnappings and murders}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bun Vityealay}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Browser UI}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trapezoidal tabs}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Broken}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bricherhaff}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brandon Thomas Lee}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrei Popescu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Emille Bartolome Joson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thomas Sewell (Australian neo-Nazi)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Big-box corporation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhashani (movie)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhagwan Ahir}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2012 Trinidad and Tobago Quadrangular Twenty20}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Oldham Cricket Club}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Chile national cricket team}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Young kings of England}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Donovan Perkins}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/1870s-1907}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alireza Abbasi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Barry Christopher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basic Roman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basement conversion}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National sports teams of Australia}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National cricket teams}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Battle of Hamek}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/B.O.C Road}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sushant Sinha (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Gopa (caste)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2999}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ann Howard Creel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Anlia van Rensburg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Animal Sound}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrew Jackson Sr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Somequest}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Ôncology Brothers (Company)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ashraf Mahdi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alice Ginott}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alex Donahue}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Hamish Nelson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alan Hawkins (athlete)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akinloye Josiah}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahl Iman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Afrikaans exonyms}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Adam Fox (actor)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2019-20 C2 Cup}} == Recently closed deletion discussions == {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of Catscratch episodes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lingwa de planeta}} <!-- No requests to be added below this line --> {{#ifexpr:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Current requests for deletion}} > 0 | | {{none}} }} ==Related pages== * [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/archives|All archives before July 2008]] - implementation of new system made archives redundant * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that did not succeed]] * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that succeeded]] * [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]] * [[Wikipedia:Quick deletion]] * [[Wikipedia:Requests for undeletion]] * [[:Category:Deletion requests]] * [[:Category:Quick deletion requests]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration|{{PAGENAME}}]] qfqy1ha1qw5sznvdlbx3uy5xy5jl0sd 10369490 10369457 2025-07-03T11:49:34Z Ferien 1011873 Adding [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/12 Apostles (record label)]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369490 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy shortcut|WP:AFD|WP:RFD|WP:XFD}} {{Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/header}} == Current deletion request discussions== <!-- Add new entries to the TOP of the following list --> {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/12 Apostles (record label)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests//Brainbombs songs and EPs}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Itti Si Khushi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nigerian Humanitarian Awards and Magazine}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trendupp Awards}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Aircash}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/21 Mincing Lane}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A Wopbopaloobop A Lopbamboom}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mario Bobino (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Aidin Ardjomandi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Weekend Top 30}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The World Federation of Great Towers}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thong Nhat Hospital}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/There Are No Thieves in This Village}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Từ Thức married a fairy}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/United Kingdom norovirus epidemic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Videoclip.bg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/WayOutWest Records}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wolfson hospital terminal}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/VistaPE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wasted username}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of videos on Nintendo Video}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yerima Usman Shettima}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/BTSE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elias Hossain (journalist)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wikidot}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/XenonStack}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Eric Zuley}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/NBF Islamic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Joel Cedras}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Isabelle Ryl}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Manuel L. Quezon High School}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Inseparables (2023 film)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maslak USO Center}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mayiladuthurai dry fish market}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Living Advantage, Inc.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/MEETYOO}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fhelipe Gomes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sonya Singha}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kanyakubja}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Perfect Strangers 1975}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brenda Abdelall}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ademar Pereira Marinho}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Veer Gosai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Claudiu Popa}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elokeshi Group of Schools}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Diana Ascher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dean Earls}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Marijana Kurbanova}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Edgar Kaminskyi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mathilde Collin}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Artan Dulaku}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lamar Bonaparte}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pasindu Kumara}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/ViVA Trio}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lilan Zhu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abhilash Pillai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Figure Technology Solutions}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lifelong Connect}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dreamcutter}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Krishna Bhaiya}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Matteo Faustini}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dinesh Kunwar Patel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nikolaos Koklonis}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Plush Community}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akash Ambani}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Buhalterės.lt}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Phil Kluba}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/KnowledgeFlow Cybersafety Foundation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Inselberg (brand)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ion Exchange (India) Ltd}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yuri Bobbert}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brunett kidnappings and murders}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bun Vityealay}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Browser UI}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trapezoidal tabs}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Broken}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bricherhaff}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brandon Thomas Lee}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrei Popescu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Emille Bartolome Joson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thomas Sewell (Australian neo-Nazi)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Big-box corporation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhashani (movie)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhagwan Ahir}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2012 Trinidad and Tobago Quadrangular Twenty20}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Oldham Cricket Club}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Chile national cricket team}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Young kings of England}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Donovan Perkins}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/1870s-1907}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alireza Abbasi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Barry Christopher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basic Roman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basement conversion}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National sports teams of Australia}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National cricket teams}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Battle of Hamek}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/B.O.C Road}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sushant Sinha (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Gopa (caste)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2999}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ann Howard Creel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Anlia van Rensburg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Animal Sound}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrew Jackson Sr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Somequest}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Ôncology Brothers (Company)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ashraf Mahdi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alice Ginott}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alex Donahue}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Hamish Nelson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alan Hawkins (athlete)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akinloye Josiah}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahl Iman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Afrikaans exonyms}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Adam Fox (actor)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2019-20 C2 Cup}} == Recently closed deletion discussions == {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of Catscratch episodes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lingwa de planeta}} <!-- No requests to be added below this line --> {{#ifexpr:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Current requests for deletion}} > 0 | | {{none}} }} ==Related pages== * [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/archives|All archives before July 2008]] - implementation of new system made archives redundant * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that did not succeed]] * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that succeeded]] * [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]] * [[Wikipedia:Quick deletion]] * [[Wikipedia:Requests for undeletion]] * [[:Category:Deletion requests]] * [[:Category:Quick deletion requests]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration|{{PAGENAME}}]] sn3o76i9e9n8a6of465kux4vd6l0i5p 10369494 10369490 2025-07-03T11:53:00Z Ferien 1011873 Adding [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/AbulÉdu]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369494 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy shortcut|WP:AFD|WP:RFD|WP:XFD}} {{Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/header}} == Current deletion request discussions== <!-- Add new entries to the TOP of the following list --> {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/AbulÉdu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/12 Apostles (record label)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests//Brainbombs songs and EPs}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Itti Si Khushi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nigerian Humanitarian Awards and Magazine}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trendupp Awards}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Aircash}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/21 Mincing Lane}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A Wopbopaloobop A Lopbamboom}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mario Bobino (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Aidin Ardjomandi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Weekend Top 30}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The World Federation of Great Towers}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thong Nhat Hospital}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/There Are No Thieves in This Village}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Từ Thức married a fairy}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/United Kingdom norovirus epidemic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Videoclip.bg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/WayOutWest Records}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wolfson hospital terminal}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/VistaPE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wasted username}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of videos on Nintendo Video}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yerima Usman Shettima}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/BTSE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elias Hossain (journalist)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wikidot}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/XenonStack}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Eric Zuley}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/NBF Islamic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Joel Cedras}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Isabelle Ryl}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Manuel L. Quezon High School}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Inseparables (2023 film)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maslak USO Center}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mayiladuthurai dry fish market}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Living Advantage, Inc.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/MEETYOO}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fhelipe Gomes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sonya Singha}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kanyakubja}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Perfect Strangers 1975}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brenda Abdelall}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ademar Pereira Marinho}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Veer Gosai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Claudiu Popa}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elokeshi Group of Schools}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Diana Ascher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dean Earls}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Marijana Kurbanova}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Edgar Kaminskyi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mathilde Collin}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Artan Dulaku}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lamar Bonaparte}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pasindu Kumara}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/ViVA Trio}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lilan Zhu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abhilash Pillai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Figure Technology Solutions}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lifelong Connect}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dreamcutter}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Krishna Bhaiya}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Matteo Faustini}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dinesh Kunwar Patel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nikolaos Koklonis}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Plush Community}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akash Ambani}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Buhalterės.lt}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Phil Kluba}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/KnowledgeFlow Cybersafety Foundation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Inselberg (brand)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ion Exchange (India) Ltd}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yuri Bobbert}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brunett kidnappings and murders}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bun Vityealay}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Browser UI}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trapezoidal tabs}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Broken}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bricherhaff}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brandon Thomas Lee}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrei Popescu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Emille Bartolome Joson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thomas Sewell (Australian neo-Nazi)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Big-box corporation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhashani (movie)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhagwan Ahir}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2012 Trinidad and Tobago Quadrangular Twenty20}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Oldham Cricket Club}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Chile national cricket team}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Young kings of England}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Donovan Perkins}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/1870s-1907}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alireza Abbasi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Barry Christopher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basic Roman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basement conversion}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National sports teams of Australia}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National cricket teams}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Battle of Hamek}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/B.O.C Road}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sushant Sinha (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Gopa (caste)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2999}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ann Howard Creel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Anlia van Rensburg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Animal Sound}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrew Jackson Sr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Somequest}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Ôncology Brothers (Company)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ashraf Mahdi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alice Ginott}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alex Donahue}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Hamish Nelson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alan Hawkins (athlete)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akinloye Josiah}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahl Iman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Afrikaans exonyms}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Adam Fox (actor)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2019-20 C2 Cup}} == Recently closed deletion discussions == {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of Catscratch episodes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lingwa de planeta}} <!-- No requests to be added below this line --> {{#ifexpr:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Current requests for deletion}} > 0 | | {{none}} }} ==Related pages== * [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/archives|All archives before July 2008]] - implementation of new system made archives redundant * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that did not succeed]] * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that succeeded]] * [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]] * [[Wikipedia:Quick deletion]] * [[Wikipedia:Requests for undeletion]] * [[:Category:Deletion requests]] * [[:Category:Quick deletion requests]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration|{{PAGENAME}}]] gchwrntiu9tb77frnud4w1yd0cyycxi 10369501 10369494 2025-07-03T11:57:53Z Ferien 1011873 Adding [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Amzat Boukari-Yabara]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369501 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy shortcut|WP:AFD|WP:RFD|WP:XFD}} {{Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/header}} == Current deletion request discussions== <!-- Add new entries to the TOP of the following list --> {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Amzat Boukari-Yabara}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/AbulÉdu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/12 Apostles (record label)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests//Brainbombs songs and EPs}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Itti Si Khushi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nigerian Humanitarian Awards and Magazine}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trendupp Awards}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Aircash}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/21 Mincing Lane}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A Wopbopaloobop A Lopbamboom}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mario Bobino (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Aidin Ardjomandi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Weekend Top 30}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The World Federation of Great Towers}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thong Nhat Hospital}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/There Are No Thieves in This Village}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Từ Thức married a fairy}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/United Kingdom norovirus epidemic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Videoclip.bg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/WayOutWest Records}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wolfson hospital terminal}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/VistaPE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wasted username}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of videos on Nintendo Video}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yerima Usman Shettima}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/BTSE}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elias Hossain (journalist)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wikidot}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/XenonStack}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Eric Zuley}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/NBF Islamic}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Joel Cedras}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Isabelle Ryl}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Manuel L. Quezon High School}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Inseparables (2023 film)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maslak USO Center}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mayiladuthurai dry fish market}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Living Advantage, Inc.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/MEETYOO}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fhelipe Gomes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sonya Singha}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kanyakubja}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Perfect Strangers 1975}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brenda Abdelall}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ademar Pereira Marinho}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Veer Gosai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Claudiu Popa}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Elokeshi Group of Schools}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Diana Ascher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dean Earls}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Marijana Kurbanova}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Edgar Kaminskyi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mathilde Collin}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Artan Dulaku}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lamar Bonaparte}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pasindu Kumara}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/ViVA Trio}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lilan Zhu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abhilash Pillai}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Figure Technology Solutions}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lifelong Connect}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dreamcutter}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Krishna Bhaiya}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Matteo Faustini}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dinesh Kunwar Patel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nikolaos Koklonis}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Plush Community}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akash Ambani}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Buhalterės.lt}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Phil Kluba}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/KnowledgeFlow Cybersafety Foundation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Inselberg (brand)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ion Exchange (India) Ltd}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yuri Bobbert}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brunett kidnappings and murders}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bun Vityealay}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Browser UI}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trapezoidal tabs}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Broken}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bricherhaff}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brandon Thomas Lee}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrei Popescu}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Emille Bartolome Joson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thomas Sewell (Australian neo-Nazi)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Big-box corporation}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhashani (movie)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Bhagwan Ahir}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2012 Trinidad and Tobago Quadrangular Twenty20}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Oldham Cricket Club}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Chile national cricket team}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Young kings of England}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Donovan Perkins}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/1870s-1907}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alireza Abbasi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Barry Christopher}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basic Roman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Basement conversion}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National sports teams of Australia}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:National cricket teams}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Battle of Hamek}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/B.O.C Road}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Sushant Sinha (2nd nomination)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Gopa (caste)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2999}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ann Howard Creel}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Anlia van Rensburg}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Animal Sound}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrew Jackson Sr.}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Somequest}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Ôncology Brothers (Company)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ashraf Mahdi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alice Ginott}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alex Donahue}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Hamish Nelson}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alan Hawkins (athlete)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Akinloye Josiah}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahl Iman}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Afrikaans exonyms}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Adam Fox (actor)}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/2019-20 C2 Cup}} == Recently closed deletion discussions == {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of Catscratch episodes}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lingwa de planeta}} <!-- No requests to be added below this line --> {{#ifexpr:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Current requests for deletion}} > 0 | | {{none}} }} ==Related pages== * [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/archives|All archives before July 2008]] - implementation of new system made archives redundant * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that did not succeed]] * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that succeeded]] * [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]] * [[Wikipedia:Quick deletion]] * [[Wikipedia:Requests for undeletion]] * [[:Category:Deletion requests]] * [[:Category:Quick deletion requests]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration|{{PAGENAME}}]] hy8mtsxneoc5cafgg38k3pyy3zaq94q 0 190116 10367657 10212858 2025-07-02T13:15:42Z Peter Kenneth Lever 1606167 Age and year of death 10367657 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Leopold Stokowski LOC 26447u.jpg|210px|thumb|Leopold Stokowski]] '''Leopold Anthony Stokowski''', (born near [[London]], 18 April 1882; died 13 September 1977) was a famous orchestral [[conducting|conductor]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hughes|first=Allen|date=1977-09-14|title=Leopold Stokowski Is Dead of .a Heart Attack at|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/09/14/archives/leopold-stokowski-is-dead-of-a-heart-attack-at-95-leopold-stokowski.html|access-date=2025-04-19|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> He conducted many of [[United States|America's]] greatest orchestras. Many people will recognize him from [[Walt Disney|Disney’s]] film ''[[Fantasia (film)|Fantasia]]'' in which he conducts the orchestra and is seen shaking hands with [[Mickey Mouse]]. Stokowski had a long conducting career which started in 1909. He appeared in public for the last time in 1975 but continued making recordings until September 2007, a few months before his death at the age of 95. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{US-bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Stokowski, Leopold}} [[Category:1882 births]] [[Category:2007 deaths]] [[Category:American conductors]] [[Category:British conductors]] b2vnvm3b8nst7vtx4bsx64fp5i970zz 0 195285 10367885 10321322 2025-07-02T16:30:47Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C US-EN 10367885 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Power Rangers logo.svg|thumb|347x347px|''Power Rangers'' official logo.]] '''''Power Rangers''''' is a superhero media franchise created by Haim Saban, that is currently owned by [[Hasbro]]. The seasons are adapted from Japanese ''[[Super Sentai]]'' shows. It was owned by Saban Entertainment from 1993 until [[The Walt Disney Company]] bought the franchise in September 2001. Disney sold the franchise back to Saban in May 2010. In May 2018, Saban sold the franchise to Hasbro. == Plot == In each series, a group of young people gain super powers to protect citizens and fight evil. Throughout the series, the Power Rangers learn the importance of teamwork and perseverance as they battle progressively harder-to-defeat villains. The rangers have a mentor, teaching figure to help lead, and mechanical machines known as Zords to help fight the villains. Each series is connected in the same [[fictional universe]] and most series have a theme. ==Main franchise== === Television series === {| class="wikitable" !Year !Series !Title !Network !Episodes |- |1993 |1 | rowspan="3" |''[[Mighty Morphin Power Rangers]]'' | rowspan="11" |[[Fox Kids]] |60 |- |1994 |2 |52 |- |1995 |3 |33 |- | rowspan="2" |1996 |Spin-off |''[[Mighty Morphin Alien Rangers]]'' |10 |- |4 |''[[Power Rangers Zeo]]'' |50 |- |1997 |5 |''[[Power Rangers Turbo]]'' |rowspan="3" |45 |- |1998 |6 |''[[Power Rangers In Space]]'' |- |1999 |7 |''[[Power Rangers Lost Galaxy]]'' |- |2000 |8 |''[[Power Rangers Lightspeed Rescue]]'' | rowspan="5" |40 |- |2001 |9 |''[[Power Rangers Time Force]]'' |- | rowspan="2" |2002 | rowspan="2" |10 | rowspan="2" |''[[Power Rangers Wild Force]]'' |- | rowspan="3" |[[ABC Kids (TV programming block)|ABC Kids]] |- |2003 |11 |''[[Power Rangers Ninja Storm]]'' |- |2004 |12 |''[[Power Rangers Dino Thunder]]'' | rowspan="2" |38 |- |2005 |13 |''[[Power Rangers S.P.D.]]'' | rowspan="4" |[[Toon Disney]] |- |2006 |14 |''[[Power Rangers Mystic Force]]'' | rowspan="4" |32 |- |2007 |15 |''[[Power Rangers Operation Overdrive]]'' |- |2008 |16 |''[[Power Rangers Jungle Fury]]'' |- |2009 |17 |''[[Power Rangers RPM]]'' |[[ABC Kids (TV programming block)|ABC Kids]] |- |2010 |18 |''[[Mighty Morphin Power Rangers|Power Rangers Squadron Thunder]]'' | rowspan="12" |[[Nickelodeon]] |32 |- |2011 |19 |''[[Power Rangers Samurai]]'' | rowspan="12" |23 |- |2012 |20 |[[Power Rangers Samurai|''Power Rangers Super Samurai'']] |- |2013 |21 |''[[Power Rangers Megaforce]]'' |- |2014 |22 |[[Power Rangers Megaforce|''Power Rangers Super Megaforce'']] |- |2015 |23 |''[[Power Rangers Dino Charge]]'' |- |2016 |24 |[[Power Rangers Dino Charge|''Power Rangers Dino Super Charge'']] |- |2017 |25 |''[[Power Rangers Ninja Steel]]'' |- |2018 |26 |[[Power Rangers Ninja Steel|''Power Rangers Super Ninja Steel'']] |- |2019 |27 | rowspan="2" |''[[Power Rangers Beast Morphers]]'' |- |2020 |28 |- |2021 |29 | rowspan="2" |''[[Power Rangers Dino Fury]]'' |- |2022 |30 | rowspan="2" |[[Netflix|Netfix]] |- |2023 |31 |''[[Power Rangers Cosmic Fury]]'' |10 |} === Movies === {| class="wikitable" !Year !Title !Director !Distributor !Box office |- |1995 |''[[Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie]]'' |[[Bryan Spicer]] | rowspan="2" |[[20th Century Studios|20th Century Fox]] |$66,433,194 |- |1997 |''[[Turbo: A Power Rangers Movie]]'' |David Winning & Shuki Levy |$9,615,840 |- |2023 |''[[Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Once & Always]]'' |[[Dean Israelite]] |[[Netflix]] |$66,433,194 |- |TBA |Untitled ''Power Rangers'' second reboot movie |TBA |Netflix | |} ==Other movies== * ''[[Power Rangers Super Samurai, The Movie: Clash of the Red Rangers]]'' (2011) * ''[[Power Rangers (movie)|Power Rangers]]'' (2017) ==Power Rangers RPG web series== * ''[[Power Rangers Hyperforce]]'' * ''[[Power Rangers Day of Destiny]]'' ==Colors== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! Series ! colspan="12"| Rangers |- |''[[Mighty Morphin Power Rangers|Mighty Morphin]]'' |style="background:red"| |style="background:black"| |style="background:hotpink"| |style="background:blue"| |style="background:yellow"| |style="background:green"| |style="background:white"| |colspan="5"| |- |''[[Mighty Morphin Alien Rangers|Alien Rangers]]'' |style="background:red"| |style="background:dodgerblue"| |style="background:yellow"| |style="background:black"| |style="background:white"| |colspan="7"| |- |''[[Power Rangers Zeo|Zeo]]'' |style="background:red"| |style="background:yellow"| |style="background:hotpink"| |style="background:blue"| |style="background:green"| |style="background:gold"| |colspan="6"| |- |''[[Power Rangers Turbo|Turbo]]'' |style="background:red"| |style="background:blue"| |style="background:green"| |style="background:yellow"| |style="background:hotpink"| |style="background:black"| |style="background:navy"| |colspan="5"| |- |''[[Power Rangers In Space|In Space]]'' |style="background:red"| |style="background:black"| |style="background:blue"| |style="background:yellow"| |style="background:hotpink"| |style="background:silver"| |colspan="6"| |- |''[[Power Rangers Lost Galaxy|Lost Galaxy]]'' |style="background:red"| |style="background:blue"| |style="background:green"| |style="background:yellow"| |style="background:hotpink"| |style="background:black"| |colspan="6"| |- |''[[Power Rangers Lightspeed Rescue|Lightspeed Rescue]]'' |style="background:red"| |style="background:blue"| |style="background:green"| |style="background:yellow"| |style="background:hotpink"| |style="background:silver"| |colspan="6"| |- |''[[Power Rangers Time Force|Time Force]]'' |style="background:red"| |style="background:hotpink"| |style="background:green"| |style="background:yellow"| |style="background:blue"| |style="background:red"| |colspan="6"| |- |''[[Power Rangers Wild Force|Wild Force]]'' |style="background:red"| |style="background:yellow"| |style="background:blue"| |style="background:white"| |style="background:black"| |style="background:silver"| |colspan="6"| |- |''[[Power Rangers Ninja Storm|Ninja Storm]]'' |style="background:red"| |style="background:dodgerblue"| |style="background:yellow"| |style="background:crimson"| |style="background:navy"| |style="background:green"| |colspan="6"| |- |''[[Power Rangers Dino Thunder|Dino Thunder]]'' |style="background:red"| |style="background:blue"| |style="background:yellow"| |style="background:black"| |style="background:white"| |colspan="7"| |- |''[[Power Rangers S.P.D.|S.P.D.]]'' |style="background:red"| |style="background:blue"| |style="background:green"| |style="background:yellow"| |style="background:hotpink"| |style="background:black"| |style="background:white"| |style="background:orange"| |style="background:silver"| |style="background:gold"| |colspan="2"| |- |''[[Power Rangers Mystic Force|Mystic Force]]'' |style="background:red"| |style="background:hotpink"| |style="background:green"| |style="background:dodgerblue"| |style="background:yellow"| |style="background:gold"| |style="background:white"| |style="background:darkred"| |colspan="4"| |- |''[[Power Rangers Operation Overdrive|Operation Overdrive]]'' |style="background:red"| |style="background:yellow"| |style="background:black"| |style="background:hotpink"| |style="background:blue"| |style="background:silver"| |colspan="6"| |- |''[[Power Rangers Jungle Fury|Jungle Fury]]'' |style="background:red"| |style="background:yellow"| |style="background:blue"| |style="background:purple"| |style="background:white"| |style="background:green"| |style="background:black"| |style="background:cyan"| |colspan="4"| |- |''[[Power Rangers RPM|RPM]]'' |style="background:red"| |style="background:blue"| |style="background:yellow"| |style="background:green"| |style="background:black"| |style="background:gold"| |style="background:silver"| |colspan="5"| |- |''[[Power Rangers Samurai|Samurai]] and Super Samurai'' |style="background:red"| |style="background:hotpink"| |style="background:green"| |style="background:blue"| |style="background:yellow"| |style="background:gold"| |style="background:red"| |colspan="5"| |- |''[[Power Rangers Megaforce|Megaforce]]'' |style="background:red"| |style="background:yellow"| |style="background:blue"| |style="background:hotpink"| |style="background:black"| |style="background:silver"| |colspan="6"| |- |''Super Megaforce'' |style="background:red"| |style="background:yellow"| |style="background:blue"| |style="background:hotpink"| |style="background:green"| |style="background:silver"| |colspan="6"| |- |''[[Power Rangers Dino Charge|Dino Charge]] and Dino Super Charge'' |style="background:red"| |style="background:hotpink"| |style="background:blue"| |style="background:green"| |style="background:black"| |style="background:gold"| |style="background:cyan"| |style="background:grey"| |style="background:purple"| |style="background:silver"| |colspan="2"| |- |''[[Power Rangers Ninja Steel|Ninja Steel]] and Super Ninja Steel'' |style="background:red"| |style="background:yellow"| |style="background:white"| |style="background:blue"| |style="background:hotpink"| |style="background:gold"| |colspan="6"| |- |''[[Power Rangers Beast Morphers|Beast Morphers]]'' |style="background:red"| |style="background:blue"| |style="background:yellow"| |style="background:gold"| |style="background:silver"| |style="background:green"| |style="background:black"| |style="background:orange"| |colspan="4"| |- |''[[Power Rangers Dino Fury|Dino Fury]]'' |style="background:red"| |style="background:hotpink"| |style="background:blue"| |style="background:green"| |style="background:black"| |style="background:gold"| |style="background:purple"| |colspan="5"| |- |''[[Power Rangers Cosmic Fury|Cosmic Fury]]'' |style="background:red"| |style="background:orange"| |style="background:blue"| |style="background:limegreen"| |style="background:black"| |style="background:gold"| |style="background:silver"| |style="background:hotpink"| |style="background:yellow"| |style="background:purple"| |style="background:cyan"| |style="background:crimson"| |- |} == Video games == * 1994 - ''[[Mighty Morphin Power Rangers]]'' (Released for [[Sega Genesis]], [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]], [[Game Boy]], [[Game Gear]], and [[Sega CD]]) * 1995 - ''[[Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie]]'' (Released for Sega Genesis, Super Nintendo Entertainment System, Game Boy, and Game Gear) * 1995 - ''[[Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Fighting Edition]]'' (Released for [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]]) * 1996 - ''[[Power Rangers Zeo: Battle Racers]]'' (Released for Super Nintendo Entertainment System) *1996 - ''[[Power Rangers Zeo: Full Tilt Battle Pinball]]'' (Released for [[PlayStation]]) *1996 - ''[[Power Rangers Zeo vs. The Machine Empire]]'' (Released for [[Microsoft Windows]], [[MacOS|Macintosh]], and [[Bandai Pippin]]) *2000 - ''[[Power Rangers Lightspeed Rescue]]'' (Released for [[Game Boy Color]], [[MacOS|Macintosh]], [[Nintendo 64]], PlayStation, and [[Microsoft Windows]]) *2001 - ''[[Power Rangers Time Force]]'' (Released for Game Boy Color, [[Game Boy Advance]], PlayStation, and Microsoft Windows) *2002 - ''[[Power Rangers Wild Force]]'' (Released for Game Boy Advance) *2003 - ''[[Power Rangers Ninja Storm]]'' (Released for Game Boy Advance, and Microsoft Windows) *2004 - ''[[Power Rangers Dino Thunder]]'' (Released for Game Boy Advance, [[GameCube]], and [[PlayStation 2]]) *2005 - ''[[Power Rangers S.P.D.]]'' (Released for Game Boy Advance) *2007 - ''[[Power Rangers: Super Legends]]'' (Released for [[Nintendo DS]], PlayStation 2, and Microsoft Windows) *2011 - ''[[Power Rangers Samurai]]'' (Released for [[Wii]], and Nintendo DS) *2012 - ''[[Power Rangers Super Samurai]]'' (Released for [[Xbox 360]]) *2013 - ''[[Power Rangers Megaforce]]'' (Released for [[Nintendo 3DS]]) *2014 - ''[[Power Rangers Super Megaforce]]'' (Released for Nintendo 3DS) *2015 - ''[[Power Rangers Dash]]'' (Released for [[iOS]], and [[Android (operating system)|Android]]) *2015 - ''[[Power Rangers Unite]]'' (Released for iOS, and Android) *2015 - ''[[Power Rangers Dino Charge Rumble]]'' (Released for iOS, and Android) *2017 - ''[[Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Mega Battle]]'' (Released for [[PlayStation 4]]) *2017 - ''[[Power Rangers: Legacy Wars]]'' (Released for [[iOS]], and [[Android (operating system)|Android]]) *2018 - ''[[Power Rangers: All Stars]]'' (Released for iOS, and Android) *2019 - ''[[Power Rangers: Battle for the Grid]]'' (Released for PlayStation 4, Xbox One, [[Nintendo Switch]], PC, and [[Stadia]]) *2022 - ''[[Power Rangers Morphin Legends]]'' (Released for [[iOS]], and [[Android (operating system)|Android]]) *2024 - ''[[Power Rangers It's Morphing Time]]'' (Released for PlayStation 4) *2024 - ''[[Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Rita Rewind]]'' (Released for PlayStation 4) Aditionally, the 2015 indie [[tactical RPG]] ''[[Chroma Squad]]'' is inspired by ''Power Rangers.'' == Other websites == * [https://powerrangers.hasbro.com/en-us Official website] [[Category:American television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:Media franchises]] [[Category:Mighty Morphin Power Rangers]] [[Category:Superhero television shows]] 2g47psfrns1kzr11bzed5oma4pxzp7l 0 196498 10368922 10361996 2025-07-03T04:04:05Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368922 wikitext text/x-wiki '''VampireFreaks.com''' is an online social community based on [[gothic]]/[[industrial]] [[subculture]]. In 1999, the site was made by Jethro Berlson. It started as a small forum talking about gothic culture but then it grew as a [[social networking site]] and it is very popular with the [[goth]], [[emo]] and [[punk]] community. VampireFreaks has a clothing store in [[New York City]]. == Other websites == *[https://vampfreaks.com/ Vampire Freaks Forum] {{tech-stub}} [[Category:1999 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:American social networking websites]] gqtzooneb97dhjnjfahg6rbzwwf8r8m 3 197674 10367890 3730022 2025-07-02T16:33:22Z BigKrow 1386969 Notification: quick deletion nomination of [[Island Def Jam Music Group]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367890 wikitext text/x-wiki Hello, '''Novice7''', and [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome]] to the '''Simple English Wikipedia'''! You may want to begin by reading these pages : * [[Help:Contents|Help]] * [[Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines|Rules]] * [[Wikipedia:Useful|Links to useful pages]] * [[Wikipedia:How to write Simple English articles|How to write Simple English pages]] * [[Wikipedia:How to copy from another Wikipedia|How to copy from another Wikipedia]] For some ideas of pages to work on, read [[Wikipedia:Requested articles]] or the [[Wikipedia:Most wanted articles|list of wanted pages]]. You can [[Wikipedia:Be bold|change any pages you want!]] Any changes you make can be seen immediately. You can ask questions at [[Wikipedia:Simple talk]]. At the end of your messages on Talk pages, please sign your name by typing "<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>" (four tildes) Good luck and happy editing! [[User:Javert|Javert]] ([[User talk:Javert|talk]]) 04:44, 1 September 2009 (UTC) ==[[Mariah Carey]]== Hi, I have removed your addition to this article because you added an unsourced, personal opinion. Pertinent pages to read would be [[WP:V]] and [[WP:NPOV]]. Regards, [[User:Javert|Javert]] ([[User talk:Javert|talk]]) 04:44, 1 September 2009 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Island Def Jam Music Group== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Island Def Jam Music Group]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Island Def Jam Music Group}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow|talk]]) 16:33, 2 July 2025 (UTC) nine481k6z1vzxfnm6mdcctefnt3qtd 0 197675 10367795 10310149 2025-07-02T15:28:03Z 185.13.107.173 10367795 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox record label | name = '''Island Def Jam Music Group''' | parent = [[Universal Music Group]] | founded = 1999 | distributor = Self-Distributed ([[USA]])<br>[[Universal Music Group]] ([[International]]) | divisions = [[Def Jam Recording]]<br>[[Island Record]]<br>[[Roc-A-Fella Records]]<br>[[Lost Highway Record]]<br>[[So So Def Recordings]]<br>[[Mercury Records]]<br>[[Disturbing Tha Peace]]<br>[[Slip-N-Slide]] | genre =Various | country = [[USA]] | location = | url = [http://www.islanddefjam.com/ Island Def Jam Music Group] }} '''Island Def Jam Music Group''' is a [[record label]] in the [[United States]]. Joseph Kargbo actual founder island def jam [[Category:American record labels]] [[Category:1999 establishments in the United States]] {{music-stub}} avxgqycc6an14ynx1araqknzk3x5z9a 10367801 10367795 2025-07-02T15:31:18Z 185.13.107.173 10367801 wikitext text/x-wiki '''The Island Def Jam Music Group'''('''IDJMG''') was an American record label group formed in [[1998 in music|1998]] by combining the operations of 14+ record labels including [[Island Records]], [[Def Jam Recordings]], and [[Mercury Records]]. In 2011, [[Motown|Motown Records]] was split from [[Universal Motown Republic Group|The Universal/Motown Records Group]]<nowiki/>and subsequently became a division of the Island Def Jam Music Group. On April 1, 2014, [[Universal Music Group|Universal Music]] announced that Island Def Jam's operations would be split between three entities: Island Records, Motown Records, and Def Jam Recordings.{{Infobox record label|name=Island Def Jam Music Group|parent=[[Universal music group]]|founded=2014|founder=Joseph kargbo|genre=[[Various]]|location=New York City|country=[[USA]]|distributor=[[Universal music group]]}} == Biography . == {{Infobox musical artist | name = Joseph kargbo | birth_name = Joseph kargbo junior | birth_date = 4/10/1994 30 year old | origin = [[French]] | genre = Hip-hop jazz pop rnb hip-hop alternative rap | occupation = Singer songwriter rapper record producer | years_active = 2014-present | instrument = [[Piano]] | label = Island def jam music group | image = }} ==== joseph kargbo born (4 octobrer 1994) saint denis france singer songwrinter rapper record producer released first single number one soundclound charts ==== == EARLY LIFE . == ==== joseph kargbo passion of music at young age never predict be musicien or recording artists utils begging 2014-2015 was dark time of is life ==== ==== decide wrinting first song work for you dreams first week number 1 soundclound seconde steel number one soudclound charts ==== ==== that how started for young artists was 22 years old this time ==== == Carrer and begganing == === joseph kargbo start feburary 2014 signed record deal with island def jam music group === == influences == === hip hop === == Note and References == https://music.apple.com/fr/artist/joseph-kargbo/1530431101 https://soundcloud.com/joseph_kargbo https://www.boomplay.com/artists/15888148?from=search https://tidal.com/browse/artist/21186210 lw43qv989zhfvm60tvzx2ddzjctri6o 10367805 10367801 2025-07-02T15:33:05Z 185.13.107.173 10367805 wikitext text/x-wiki '''The Island Def Jam Music Group'''('''IDJMG''') was an American record label group formed in [[1998 in music|1998]] by combining the operations of 14+ record labels including [[Island Records]], [[Def Jam Recordings]], and [[Mercury Records]]. In 2011, [[Motown|Motown Records]] was split from [[Universal Motown Republic Group|The Universal/Motown Records Group]]<nowiki/>and subsequently became a division of the Island Def Jam Music Group. On April 1, 2014, [[Universal Music Group|Universal Music]] announced that Island Def Jam's operations would be split between three entities: Island Records, Motown Records, and Def Jam Recordings. {{Infobox record label|name=Island Def Jam Music Group|parent=[[Universal music group]]|founded=2014|founder=Joseph kargbo|genre=[[Various]]|location=New York City|country=[[USA]]|distributor=[[Universal music group]]}} Joseph kargbo born (4.octobre 1994 saint denis France [[saine saint denis singer- songwriter- rapper- record producer start music in 2014 is singles work for your dreams number one billboard charts SoundCloud charts past big artists like .kid ink .Chris brown .Selena Gomez many more 2014 tells on interviews is street ask paparazzi do you dropped single said no because accept be famous realeased . First French studio album streaming 5,298 stream all time Spotify talk a lot injustice music and anime one best album produce by inself {{Infobox album | name = Humain | type = Humain | artist = Joseph kargbo | cover = Humain cover artwork.webp | released = Novembre 2020 | genre = Hip-hop/rap | label = Joseph kargbo entertainement LLc | producer = Joseph kargbo }} h4wpd2pepvo9zmjyokxo2h1ds7k2fj1 10367807 10367805 2025-07-02T15:34:21Z 185.13.107.173 10367807 wikitext text/x-wiki Island def jam music group is a American record label founded by Joseph kargbo 2014 owner by universal music group is genre music various pop rnb the label establish a lot progressed and controversy at leases one greatest record label ever sold album and single Joseph kargbo signed record deal with island def jam music group early 2014 single works for your dreams number one song on reaching number seconde place first place chart SoundCloud at begging Joseph kargbo was too undivided for genre of music chose pop rock change for hip hop rnb musically sound enough get signed record deal is going too conservatory of hometown to practice well but not enough too be achieved this part is story {{Infobox record label|name=Island Def Jam Music Group|parent=[[Universal music group]]|founded=2014|founder=Joseph kargbo|genre=[[Various]]|location=New York City|country=[[USA]]|distributor=[[Universal music group]]}} {{Infobox musical artist | name = Joseph kargbo | birth_name = Joseph kargbo junior | birth_date = 4/10/1994 | origin = [[French]] | genre = Hip-hop jazz pop rnb hip-hop alternative rap | occupation = Singer songwriter rapper record producer | years_active = 2014-present | instrument = [[Piano]] | label = Island def jam music group | image = [[File:Lazzy jazz photos.jpg|Lazzy_jazz_photos]] }} 0cncp16gg45bm9k1phdwdmkrjs1pv2b 10367809 10367807 2025-07-02T15:37:00Z 185.13.107.173 10367809 wikitext text/x-wiki Island def jam music group is a American record label founded by Joseph kargbo 2014 owner by universal music group is genre music various pop rnb the label establish a lot progressed and controversy at leases one greatest record label ever sold album and single Joseph kargbo signed record deal with island def jam music group early 2014 single works for your dreams number one song on reaching number seconde place first place chart SoundCloud at begging Joseph kargbo was too undivided for genre of music chose pop rock change for hip hop rnb musically no sound enough get signed record deal is going too conservatory of hometown to practice well but not enough too be achieved this part is story {{Infobox record label|name=Island Def Jam Music Group|parent=[[Universal Music Group]]|founded=2014|founder=Joseph kargbo|genre=[[Various]]|location=New York City|country=[[USA]]|distributor=Self distributed}} 7o9dqze61sqxp2hbdwusvvdbi7ocjgr 10367811 10367809 2025-07-02T15:37:59Z 185.13.107.173 10367811 wikitext text/x-wiki Island def jam music group is a American record label founded by Joseph kargbo 2014 owner by universal music group is genre music various pop rnb the label establish a lot progressed and controversy at leases one greatest record label ever sold album and single Joseph kargbo signed record deal with island def jam music group early 2014 single works for your dreams number one song on reaching number seconde place first place chart SoundCloud at begging Joseph kargbo was too undivided for genre of music chose pop rock change for hip hop rnb musically no sound enough get signed record deal is going too conservatory of hometown to practice well but not enough too be achieved this part is story {{Infobox record label|name=Island Def Jam Music Group|parent=[[Universal Music Group]]|founded=2014|founder=Joseph kargbo|genre=[[Various]]|location=New York City|country=[[USA]]|distributor=[[Universal Music Group]]}} 1t9xa75onxtxz7o5ttd447q1ug6360i 10367813 10367811 2025-07-02T15:40:06Z Ternera 1467751 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/185.13.107.173|185.13.107.173]] ([[User talk:185.13.107.173|talk]]) to last version by 2A01:E0A:3A0:1180:7803:BAF4:A878:D281: not providing a [[WP:RS|reliable source]] ([[WP:CITE]], [[WP:RS]]) 10310149 wikitext text/x-wiki Joseph Kargbo is foudder of island def jam music group is artist to most influential artist French rap scene start 2012 is founder of island def jam music Fouded 2014 by universal music group {{infobox record label | name = '''Island Def Jam Music Group''' | parent = [[Universal Music Group]] | founded = 2014 | distributor = Self-Distributed ([[USA]])<br>[[Universal Music Group]] ([[International]]) | divisions = [[Def Jam Recording]]<br>[[Island Record]]<br>[[Roc-A-Fella Records]]<br>[[Lost Highway Record]]<br>[[So So Def Recordings]]<br>[[Mercury Records]]<br>[[Disturbing Tha Peace]]<br>[[Slip-N-Slide]] | genre =Various | country = [[USA]] | location = | url = [http://www.islanddefjam.com/ Island Def Jam Music Group] |founder=Joseph Kargbo}} [[Category:American record labels]] [[Category:1999 establishments in the United States]] m605rxkr2s246yrhnga0asucezwzm5l 10367815 10367813 2025-07-02T15:41:14Z Ternera 1467751 Reverted to revision 10310136 by 2A01:E0A:3A0:1180:7803:BAF4:A878:D281: restoring last good version. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox record label | name = '''Island Def Jam Music Group''' | parent = [[Universal Music Group]] | founded = 1999 | distributor = Self-Distributed ([[USA]])<br>[[Universal Music Group]] ([[International]]) | divisions = [[Def Jam Recording]]<br>[[Island Record]]<br>[[Roc-A-Fella Records]]<br>[[Lost Highway Record]]<br>[[So So Def Recordings]]<br>[[Mercury Records]]<br>[[Disturbing Tha Peace]]<br>[[Slip-N-Slide]] | genre =Various | country = [[USA]] | location = | url = [http://www.islanddefjam.com/ Island Def Jam Music Group] |founder=Joseph Kargbo}} '''Island Def Jam Music Group''' is a [[record label]] in the [[United States]]. [[Category:American record labels]] [[Category:1999 establishments in the United States]] {{music-stub}} 5ulolfaeaaaoop6v81wdlw7x7sdk1p6 10367817 10367815 2025-07-02T15:43:31Z 185.13.107.173 10367817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox record label | name = '''Island Def Jam Music Group''' | parent = [[Universal Music Group]] | founded = 1999 | distributor = Self-Distributed ([[USA]])<br>[[Universal Music Group]] ([[International]]) | divisions = [[Def Jam Recording]]<br>[[Island Record]]<br>[[Roc-A-Fella Records]]<br>[[Lost Highway Record]]<br>[[So So Def Recordings]]<br>[[Mercury Records]]<br>[[Disturbing Tha Peace]]<br>[[Slip-N-Slide]] | genre =Various | country = [[USA]] | location = | url = [http://www.islanddefjam.com/ Island Def Jam Music Group] |founder=Joseph Kargbo}} '''Island Def Jam Music Group''' is a [[record label]] in the [[United States]]. Net worth $55 million [[Category:American record labels]] [[Category:1999 establishments in the United States]] {{music-stub}} rqz8hmit4pas0cjdde4l4yg1zvaqrmq 10367821 10367817 2025-07-02T15:48:32Z 185.13.107.173 10367821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox record label | name = '''Island Def Jam Music Group''' | parent = [[Universal Music Group]] | founded = 1999 | distributor = Self-Distributed ([[USA]])<br>[[Universal Music Group]] ([[International]]) | divisions = [[Def Jam Recording]]<br>[[Island Record]]<br>[[Roc-A-Fella Records]]<br>[[Lost Highway Record]]<br>[[So So Def Recordings]]<br>[[Mercury Records]]<br>[[Disturbing Tha Peace]]<br>[[Slip-N-Slide]] Joseph Kargbo Entertainement | genre =Various | country = [[USA]] | location = | url = [http://www.islanddefjam.com/ Island Def Jam Music Group] |founder=Joseph Kargbo}} '''Island Def Jam Music Group''' is a [[record label]] in the [[United States]]. Net worth $55 million [[Category:American record labels]] [[Category:1999 establishments in the United States]] {{music-stub}} 5iqklu7zalzo5z5zapy8w20rk6p0kbj 10367824 10367821 2025-07-02T15:50:37Z 185.13.107.173 10367824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox record label | name = '''Island Def Jam Music Group''' | parent = [[Universal Music Group]] | founded = 1999 | distributor = Self-Distributed ([[USA]])<br>[[Universal Music Group]] ([[International]]) | divisions = [[Def Jam Recording]]<br>[[Island Record]]<br>[[Roc-A-Fella Records]]<br>[[Lost Highway Record]]<br>[[So So Def Recordings]]<br>[[Mercury Records]]<br>[[Disturbing Tha Peace]]<br>[[Slip-N-Slide]] Island Music Group | genre =Various | country = [[USA]] | location = | url = [http://www.islanddefjam.com/ Island Def Jam Music Group] |founder=Joseph Kargbo}} '''Island Def Jam Music Group''' is a [[record label]] in the [[United States]]. Net worth $55 million [[Category:American record labels]] [[Category:1999 establishments in the United States]] {{music-stub}} omevfjlpzqxwrr9w16eue1repxbmozd 10367841 10367824 2025-07-02T15:58:58Z 185.13.107.173 10367841 wikitext text/x-wiki Joseph Kargbo junior born 4 octobre 1994 seine saint Denis is rapper singer record producer and actual founder of island def jam Music Group CEO founder of the label never leaves this label . {{infobox record label | name = '''Island Def Jam Music Group''' | parent = [[Universal Music Group]] | founded = 1999 | distributor = Self-Distributed ([[USA]])<br>[[Universal Music Group]] ([[International]]) | divisions = [[Def Jam Recording]]<br>[[Island Record]]<br>[[Roc-A-Fella Records]]<br>[[Lost Highway Record]]<br>[[So So Def Recordings]]<br>[[Mercury Records]]<br>[[Disturbing Tha Peace]]<br>[[Slip-N-Slide]] Island Music Group | genre =Various | country = [[USA]] | location = | url = [http://www.islanddefjam.com/ Island Def Jam Music Group] |founder=Joseph Kargbo}} '''Island Def Jam Music Group''' is a [[record label]] in the [[United States]]. Net worth $55 million produce song for Zendaya Chris brown j.cole Nekfeu many upcoming artist [[Category:American record labels]] [[Category:1999 establishments in the United States]] {{music-stub}} e8jx2iyt7d15vv4m3jbjbig9xzyystw 10367856 10367841 2025-07-02T16:09:28Z 185.13.107.187 10367856 wikitext text/x-wiki .joseph Kargbo junior born (4 octobre 1994) saint Denis is an French rapper singer songwriter record producer beat-maker produce for Zendaya Chris brown j.cole {{infobox record label | name = '''Island Def Jam Music Group''' | parent = [[Universal Music Group]] | founded = 1999 | distributor = Self-Distributed ([[USA]])<br>[[Universal Music Group]] ([[International]]) | divisions = [[Def Jam Recording]]<br>[[Island Record]]<br>[[Roc-A-Fella Records]]<br>[[Lost Highway Record]]<br>[[So So Def Recordings]]<br>[[Mercury Records]]<br>[[Disturbing Tha Peace]]<br>[[Slip-N-Slide]] Island Music Group | genre =Various | country = [[USA]] | location = | url = [http://www.islanddefjam.com/ Island Def Jam Music Group] |founder=Joseph Kargbo}} '''Island Def Jam Music Group''' is a [[record label]] in the [[United States]]. [[Category:American record labels]] [[Category:1999 establishments in the United States]] {{music-stub}} 4y1w9a3t729semlg4k7k33tjcvp91jg 10367862 10367856 2025-07-02T16:12:04Z 185.13.107.187 10367862 wikitext text/x-wiki . Joseph Kargbo, born on '''October 4, 1994''', in '''Saint-Denis, France''', is a prominent '''Parisian rapper'''known for his unique blend of genres, including '''rap''', '''pop''', '''afrobeat''', and '''R&B'''. He first gained recognition in the music scene in '''2012''' with his debut track '''"Travail pour tes rêves"''', which quickly reached the top of the charts, securing the number one spot for six consecutive weeks. Kargbo's career began to take shape after he signed with '''Island Def Jam Music Group''' in '''2014''', although this collaboration was short-lived due to the label's closure later that year. After facing significant health challenges that forced a break from music, Kargbo made a comeback by establishing his own independent label, '''Joseph Kargbo Entertainment''', in '''2018'''. His first studio album, '''"Humain,"''' released on '''November 14, 2020''', received critical acclaim, topping charts on iTunes and gaining gold certification with over '''50,000 copies sold'''. Kargbo's following projects, including the mixtape '''"Tape, Vol. 1,"''' which was released on '''November 30, 2021''', further showcased his diverse musical influences and engaging lyricism. Notably, the single '''"Fire,"'''produced by DJ Snake, accumulated over '''15 million views''' on YouTube. Kargbo's music is characterized by its '''eclectic influences''', drawing inspiration from artists such as '''Nekfeu''', '''Sneazzy''', '''S.Pri Noir''', '''Dinos''', '''Chris Brown''', and '''PLK'''. He is known for his lyrical sincerity, often addressing themes of faith, love, and personal growth in his songs. As a self-taught musician, he plays both the '''piano''' and '''acoustic guitar''', enriching his musical versatility and depth.{{infobox record label | name = '''Island Def Jam Music Group''' | parent = [[Universal Music Group]] | founded = 1999 | distributor = Self-Distributed ([[USA]])<br>[[Universal Music Group]] ([[International]]) | divisions = [[Def Jam Recording]]<br>[[Island Record]]<br>[[Roc-A-Fella Records]]<br>[[Lost Highway Record]]<br>[[So So Def Recordings]]<br>[[Mercury Records]]<br>[[Disturbing Tha Peace]]<br>[[Slip-N-Slide]] Island Music Group | genre =Various | country = [[USA]] | location = | url = [http://www.islanddefjam.com/ Island Def Jam Music Group] |founder=Joseph Kargbo}} '''Island Def Jam Music Group''' is a [[record label]] in the [[United States]]. [[Category:American record labels]] [[Category:1999 establishments in the United States]] {{music-stub}} n82otorqwk16rjrulmrc54f713boajm 10367863 10367862 2025-07-02T16:12:13Z Ternera 1467751 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/185.13.107.187|185.13.107.187]] ([[User talk:185.13.107.187|talk]]) to last version by 185.13.107.173: reverting [[WP:VAN|vandalism]] 10367841 wikitext text/x-wiki Joseph Kargbo junior born 4 octobre 1994 seine saint Denis is rapper singer record producer and actual founder of island def jam Music Group CEO founder of the label never leaves this label . {{infobox record label | name = '''Island Def Jam Music Group''' | parent = [[Universal Music Group]] | founded = 1999 | distributor = Self-Distributed ([[USA]])<br>[[Universal Music Group]] ([[International]]) | divisions = [[Def Jam Recording]]<br>[[Island Record]]<br>[[Roc-A-Fella Records]]<br>[[Lost Highway Record]]<br>[[So So Def Recordings]]<br>[[Mercury Records]]<br>[[Disturbing Tha Peace]]<br>[[Slip-N-Slide]] Island Music Group | genre =Various | country = [[USA]] | location = | url = [http://www.islanddefjam.com/ Island Def Jam Music Group] |founder=Joseph Kargbo}} '''Island Def Jam Music Group''' is a [[record label]] in the [[United States]]. Net worth $55 million produce song for Zendaya Chris brown j.cole Nekfeu many upcoming artist [[Category:American record labels]] [[Category:1999 establishments in the United States]] {{music-stub}} e8jx2iyt7d15vv4m3jbjbig9xzyystw 10367887 10367863 2025-07-02T16:32:41Z BigKrow 1386969 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) identified as [[WP:VAND|vandalism]] to last revision by 185.13.107.187. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367887 wikitext text/x-wiki . Joseph Kargbo, born on '''October 4, 1994''', in '''Saint-Denis, France''', is a prominent '''Parisian rapper'''known for his unique blend of genres, including '''rap''', '''pop''', '''afrobeat''', and '''R&B'''. He first gained recognition in the music scene in '''2012''' with his debut track '''"Travail pour tes rêves"''', which quickly reached the top of the charts, securing the number one spot for six consecutive weeks. Kargbo's career began to take shape after he signed with '''Island Def Jam Music Group''' in '''2014''', although this collaboration was short-lived due to the label's closure later that year. After facing significant health challenges that forced a break from music, Kargbo made a comeback by establishing his own independent label, '''Joseph Kargbo Entertainment''', in '''2018'''. His first studio album, '''"Humain,"''' released on '''November 14, 2020''', received critical acclaim, topping charts on iTunes and gaining gold certification with over '''50,000 copies sold'''. Kargbo's following projects, including the mixtape '''"Tape, Vol. 1,"''' which was released on '''November 30, 2021''', further showcased his diverse musical influences and engaging lyricism. Notably, the single '''"Fire,"'''produced by DJ Snake, accumulated over '''15 million views''' on YouTube. Kargbo's music is characterized by its '''eclectic influences''', drawing inspiration from artists such as '''Nekfeu''', '''Sneazzy''', '''S.Pri Noir''', '''Dinos''', '''Chris Brown''', and '''PLK'''. He is known for his lyrical sincerity, often addressing themes of faith, love, and personal growth in his songs. As a self-taught musician, he plays both the '''piano''' and '''acoustic guitar''', enriching his musical versatility and depth.{{infobox record label | name = '''Island Def Jam Music Group''' | parent = [[Universal Music Group]] | founded = 1999 | distributor = Self-Distributed ([[USA]])<br>[[Universal Music Group]] ([[International]]) | divisions = [[Def Jam Recording]]<br>[[Island Record]]<br>[[Roc-A-Fella Records]]<br>[[Lost Highway Record]]<br>[[So So Def Recordings]]<br>[[Mercury Records]]<br>[[Disturbing Tha Peace]]<br>[[Slip-N-Slide]] Island Music Group | genre =Various | country = [[USA]] | location = | url = [http://www.islanddefjam.com/ Island Def Jam Music Group] |founder=Joseph Kargbo}} '''Island Def Jam Music Group''' is a [[record label]] in the [[United States]]. [[Category:American record labels]] [[Category:1999 establishments in the United States]] {{music-stub}} n82otorqwk16rjrulmrc54f713boajm 10367889 10367887 2025-07-02T16:33:21Z BigKrow 1386969 Requesting quick deletion ([[WP:QD#A1|QD A1]]). ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{qd|a1|editor=BigKrow|date=16:33, 2 July 2025 (UTC)}} . Joseph Kargbo, born on '''October 4, 1994''', in '''Saint-Denis, France''', is a prominent '''Parisian rapper'''known for his unique blend of genres, including '''rap''', '''pop''', '''afrobeat''', and '''R&B'''. He first gained recognition in the music scene in '''2012''' with his debut track '''"Travail pour tes rêves"''', which quickly reached the top of the charts, securing the number one spot for six consecutive weeks. Kargbo's career began to take shape after he signed with '''Island Def Jam Music Group''' in '''2014''', although this collaboration was short-lived due to the label's closure later that year. After facing significant health challenges that forced a break from music, Kargbo made a comeback by establishing his own independent label, '''Joseph Kargbo Entertainment''', in '''2018'''. His first studio album, '''"Humain,"''' released on '''November 14, 2020''', received critical acclaim, topping charts on iTunes and gaining gold certification with over '''50,000 copies sold'''. Kargbo's following projects, including the mixtape '''"Tape, Vol. 1,"''' which was released on '''November 30, 2021''', further showcased his diverse musical influences and engaging lyricism. Notably, the single '''"Fire,"'''produced by DJ Snake, accumulated over '''15 million views''' on YouTube. Kargbo's music is characterized by its '''eclectic influences''', drawing inspiration from artists such as '''Nekfeu''', '''Sneazzy''', '''S.Pri Noir''', '''Dinos''', '''Chris Brown''', and '''PLK'''. He is known for his lyrical sincerity, often addressing themes of faith, love, and personal growth in his songs. As a self-taught musician, he plays both the '''piano''' and '''acoustic guitar''', enriching his musical versatility and depth.{{infobox record label | name = '''Island Def Jam Music Group''' | parent = [[Universal Music Group]] | founded = 1999 | distributor = Self-Distributed ([[USA]])<br>[[Universal Music Group]] ([[International]]) | divisions = [[Def Jam Recording]]<br>[[Island Record]]<br>[[Roc-A-Fella Records]]<br>[[Lost Highway Record]]<br>[[So So Def Recordings]]<br>[[Mercury Records]]<br>[[Disturbing Tha Peace]]<br>[[Slip-N-Slide]] Island Music Group | genre =Various | country = [[USA]] | location = | url = [http://www.islanddefjam.com/ Island Def Jam Music Group] |founder=Joseph Kargbo}} '''Island Def Jam Music Group''' is a [[record label]] in the [[United States]]. [[Category:American record labels]] [[Category:1999 establishments in the United States]] {{music-stub}} myitnkmzreeuiv41xbpxqdmcoiv5b4p 10367914 10367889 2025-07-02T16:51:42Z Davey2010 314522 Reverted to revision 10367863 by Ternera: Their edits weren't vandalism!, WTF are you doing BK?. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367914 wikitext text/x-wiki Joseph Kargbo junior born 4 octobre 1994 seine saint Denis is rapper singer record producer and actual founder of island def jam Music Group CEO founder of the label never leaves this label . {{infobox record label | name = '''Island Def Jam Music Group''' | parent = [[Universal Music Group]] | founded = 1999 | distributor = Self-Distributed ([[USA]])<br>[[Universal Music Group]] ([[International]]) | divisions = [[Def Jam Recording]]<br>[[Island Record]]<br>[[Roc-A-Fella Records]]<br>[[Lost Highway Record]]<br>[[So So Def Recordings]]<br>[[Mercury Records]]<br>[[Disturbing Tha Peace]]<br>[[Slip-N-Slide]] Island Music Group | genre =Various | country = [[USA]] | location = | url = [http://www.islanddefjam.com/ Island Def Jam Music Group] |founder=Joseph Kargbo}} '''Island Def Jam Music Group''' is a [[record label]] in the [[United States]]. Net worth $55 million produce song for Zendaya Chris brown j.cole Nekfeu many upcoming artist [[Category:American record labels]] [[Category:1999 establishments in the United States]] {{music-stub}} e8jx2iyt7d15vv4m3jbjbig9xzyystw 10367917 10367914 2025-07-02T16:52:45Z Davey2010 314522 Reverted to revision 8034726 by Ferien: rv back to last good version as various Joseph LTAs have trashed the article. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox record label | name = '''Island Def Jam Music Group''' | parent = [[Universal Music Group]] | founded = 1999 |founder =[[Universal Music Group]] | distributor = Self-Distributed ([[USA]])<br>[[Universal Music Group]] ([[International]]) | divisions = [[Def Jam Recording]]<br>[[Island Record]]<br>[[Roc-A-Fella Records]]<br>[[Lost Highway Record]]<br>[[So So Def Recordings]]<br>[[Mercury Records]]<br>[[Disturbing Tha Peace]]<br>[[Slip-N-Slide]] | genre = | country = [[USA]] | location = | url = [http://www.islanddefjam.com/ Island Def Jam Music Group] }} '''Island Def Jam Music Group''' is a [[record label]] in the [[United States]]. [[Universal Music Group]] is the founder of Island Def Jam. [[Category:American record labels]] [[Category:1999 establishments in the United States]] {{music-stub}} mm0ntk4u7o2rrl1l6y0jxjt4nrm816y 1 208307 10368996 10362677 2025-07-03T05:37:53Z Admissionsdekho 1636049 10368996 wikitext text/x-wiki 10369004 10368996 2025-07-03T05:42:15Z Eptalon 2133 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/Admissionsdekho|Admissionsdekho]] ([[User talk:Admissionsdekho|talk]]) to last version by MathXplore 10336958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Talk:Main Page/Archive%(counter)d |algo = old(180d) |counter = 5 |maxarchivesize = 150K |minthreadsleft = 5 |archiveheader = {{Automatic archive navigator}} }} {{Main Page talk header}} {{annual readership}} {{not a forum}} == Bullying == I want to stop bullying. It isn't right. Do you want to help me? Pls come up with some ideas and we'll brainstorm. [[User:Nrhdudmd,wljernehejeme|Lizette]] ([[User talk:Nrhdudmd,wljernehejeme|talk]]) 02:59, 18 January 2025 (UTC) :Hi! This is not a help site, but I will give you some insight. You are right, bullying is never ever okay, it's hurtful and heartbreaking, trust me, I was bullied a lot like you. But you just got to walk away from them and try to ignore them, and tell a trusted adult like your parents. If you just do those things, they will stop. I hope this helps, happy editing! :) - Adelaide [[User:Adelaideslement8723|<span style="color:purple">𝓐𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓭𝓮</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴]] ♡ [[Special:Contribs/Adelaideslement8723|𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓼]])</sup> 03:03, 18 January 2025 (UTC) ::Now I may have ideas on how people can stop it. ;) Read these: https://www.wikihow.com/Stop-Bullying and https://www.wikihow.com/Stop-Bullies this will help. :) [[User:Adelaideslement8723|<span style="color:purple">𝓐𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓭𝓮</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴]] ♡ [[Special:Contribs/Adelaideslement8723|𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓼]])</sup> 03:04, 18 January 2025 (UTC) :What do I use Wikipedia for? Also thanks! I'll them! [[User:Jh&#59;ihjkchlkjfgiwekhfkwej|Jh&#59;ihjkchlkjfgiwekhfkwej]] ([[User talk:Jh&#59;ihjkchlkjfgiwekhfkwej|talk]]) 17:17, 20 January 2025 (UTC) ::Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia that anyone can edit. This specific version of Wikipedia is for people who are learning English. Read [[Wikipedia:About]] for more information about this Wikipedia or [[Wikipedia]] for Wikipedia in general.[[User:SimpleAsPi|SimpleAsPi]] ([[User talk:SimpleAsPi|talk]]) 17:13, 23 April 2025 (UTC) == adding a star == adding a star like this * at the end of "the '''free [[encyclopedia]]''' that [[Wikipedia:Introduction|anyone can change]]." so it looks like this "the '''free [[encyclopedia]]''' that [[Wikipedia:Introduction|anyone can change]]*." why? well because you cant edit '''EVERY''' page on wikipedia "Ex [[Main Page]]". however i digress [[Special:Contributions/2604:3D09:AF84:5900:A8B7:DB87:6EE2:F9E5|2604:3D09:AF84:5900:A8B7:DB87:6EE2:F9E5]] ([[User talk:2604:3D09:AF84:5900:A8B7:DB87:6EE2:F9E5|talk]]) 19:25, 18 January 2025 (UTC) :This isn't a change that we would make. The information is true - the encyclopedia is accessible for anyone to change. '''[[User:Lee Vilenski|<span style="color:green">Lee Vilenski</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Lee Vilenski|talk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Lee Vilenski|contribs]])</sup>''' 20:07, 18 January 2025 (UTC) :I agree with @[[User:Lee Vilenski|Lee Vilenski]] because the main page can only be changed by bots or admins. But you can change most of the pages, don't know about categories. [[User:SimpleAsPi|It&#39;s SimpleAsPi!]] ([[User talk:SimpleAsPi|talk]]) 14:12, 21 May 2025 (UTC) :I know this is an old comment, but it is "anyone can change". any page with no edit protection verifies that statement as true. even if a user cant edit the [[Main Page]], they can still edit some other page. It never said anything about a specific page. The only argument I could think of that would make me consider the star is users who are already blocked. [[User:Ieditrandomarticles|<span style="font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;text-shadow:1px 1px 2px #999;">Ieditrandomarticles</span>]] ([[User talk:Ieditrandomarticles|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Ieditrandomarticles|contribs]]) 02:20, 30 May 2025 (UTC) == Question from a new editor == Hi there! Sorry if this isn't the right place to ask this. I've noticed that on the main page it's stated that this is a site for everyone, including children. My question is, aren't children under 13 prohibited from creating an account under coppa law? (At least that's how it works on the wiki I come from). What do you mean for everyone? Additionally, since Wikipedia isn't censored (it doesn't even look like there's a policy on graphic violence / graphical content) you can easily find both pornographic and extreme graphical content such as self harm hosted on Wikimedia Commons using the search tool from this site. I'm a bit concerned, mainly confused. Thanks, [[User:It's moon|It's moon]] ([[User talk:It's moon|talk]]) 09:27, 21 January 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:It's moon|It's moon]] Please ask this at [[WP:Simple talk]] [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 09:28, 21 January 2025 (UTC) :If this related to commons please ask there. Which wiki did you come from? [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 09:30, 21 January 2025 (UTC) ::No, this is related to this site, I'm concerned about this site's search tool and how this site approaches coppa law. I come from Inkipedia btw [[User:It's moon|It's moon]] ([[User talk:It's moon|talk]]) 09:38, 21 January 2025 (UTC) :::Alright [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 09:51, 21 January 2025 (UTC) ::::This really is a small forum and likely not the right place to ask. What I give here is a short answer, for a legally sound one you will have to ask elsewhere. As stated, anyone can create an account. As far as I know, the date of birth of editors are not recorded, there is no special treatment of children, they see what everyone else sees. Wikipedia is free to use, there is no harvesting or selling of addresses. And yes, images are there to illustrate, Wikipedia is not censored. So yes, like on the internet you can and will find respective images or media if you look for them. They will have been used to illustrate corresponding articles. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 23:40, 23 January 2025 (UTC) :::::So as there is no address collection/harvesting, the Coppa law likely does not apply. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 07:02, 24 January 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:It's moon|It's moon]]: That statement is aimed more at readers than editors. The content is intended to be in language simple enough for anyone to understand. You don't need an account to read here. :As for content that might not be suitable for children, what's pornography or too extreme is subjective. Because of that, Wikipedia leaves it up to the children's parents or guardians to monitor what they are seeing. As {{u|Eptalon}} said, Wikimedia sites such as Wikipedia are [[WP:CENSOR|not censored]]. The only thing that does get censored is child pornography. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 20:49, 5 May 2025 (UTC) == Properly align search button == the search button is aligned far off to the right. I don't know if this is an issue, or if this is intended but personally it doesn't look right. This is on Mac safari if that has anything to do with it. Image: https://imgur.com/a/iTcYh1y [[User:Ieditrandomarticles|Ieditrandomarticles]] ([[User talk:Ieditrandomarticles|talk]]) 00:49, 5 March 2025 (UTC) :Edit: This has been fixed in the latest version of the homepage. [[User:Ieditrandomarticles|Ieditrandomarticles]] ([[User talk:Ieditrandomarticles|talk]]) 15:21, 17 March 2025 (UTC) == Is there any way to add a "In The News" section of the main page? == As I decided to look at the Simple English Wikipedia, and noticed that there is no "In The News" section on the Main Page. Is there anyway that it could be possibly added? I may not respond immediately. Thanks. [[User:SimpleAsPi|SimpleAsPi]] ([[User talk:SimpleAsPi|talk]]) 16:20, 23 April 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:SimpleAsPi|SimpleAsPi]] This was proposed several times in the past ([[Wikipedia:Simple_talk/Archive_106#In_the_News_section|2013]], [[Wikipedia:Simple_talk/Archive_127#Simple_News|2019]], [[Wikipedia:Simple_talk/Archive_139#Adding_an_"In_the_News"_section_to_the_Main_Page|2021]]). The main point opposing the idea has always been that the Simple English Wikipedia's community is too small to maintain such a section. — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 11:44, 13 May 2025 (UTC) ::Understandable, however, I am also asking that when the Simple English Wikipedia's community gets large enough, will we add that section? ::Cherrios, [[User:SimpleAsPi|It&#39;s SimpleAsPi!]] ([[User talk:SimpleAsPi|talk]]) 16:35, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::I think the problem with that is effectivley community size: Do we have enough articles that are of a sufficient standard, that we could rotate this 1-2 times a month?- Also, what would you think as an reader if you say an article on an event that wassay 2 weeks old? - If the then say that we need 3 hooks per take, that need to go through some form of reviewiew, that likely means we need 5-6 candidates for the two week period, how many memorable events are there that have articles in Simple English? - So oyu seee, the community likely is too small as of now. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 15:30, 23 May 2025 (UTC) ::::I get it, the Wikipedia needs to be large enough to make articles as fast like the English Wikipedia. ::::Also you need some autocorrect or something, you misspelled "you", "see", "review", and even "was". ::::Don't forget that this is the Simple English Wikipedia, so use simple words. ::::Cherrios, [[User:SimpleAsPi|It&#39;s SimpleAsPi!]] ([[User talk:SimpleAsPi|talk]]) 15:12, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :::::I know my spelling is not perfect, but I don't think that is the issue here [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 19:58, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::Yes I know, but I was just pointing out your mistakes, not to be rude however. ::::::(This is @[[User:SimpleAsPi|SimpleAsPi]]'s (aka me) mobile account or edge account, or English Wikipedia account.) ::::::Regards, [[User:Noob from2|noob_from2]] ([[User talk:Noob from2|talk]]) 14:51, 3 June 2025 (UTC) == Mathematics textbook == Factorization [[Special:Contributions/154.160.11.100|154.160.11.100]] ([[User talk:154.160.11.100|talk]]) 21:42, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :What is this supposed to mean? This is the talk page of the main page. [[User:SimpleAsPi|It&#39;s SimpleAsPi!]] ([[User talk:SimpleAsPi|talk]]) 14:08, 21 May 2025 (UTC) == Where did my page on the "chicken jockey" trend go? == I added information to the trend specifically, since there ISN´T ANY INFORMATION ON IT in the Minecraft Movie page, apart from a single phrase! Why was it deleted? Could somebody please help me add it back? [[Special:Contributions/2003:C0:273A:4DA8:5470:7605:D0D6:A3D|2003:C0:273A:4DA8:5470:7605:D0D6:A3D]] ([[User talk:2003:C0:273A:4DA8:5470:7605:D0D6:A3D|talk]]) 17:01, 17 June 2025 (UTC) :You’re welcome to request a review of its deletion at [[Wikipedia:Deletion review]] if you feel it was deleted inappropriately. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 17:09, 17 June 2025 (UTC) cxqsu38azbzhw0m0592isz9ic72hn83 10369243 10369004 2025-07-03T08:50:11Z Cactusisme 1477024 /* Mathematics textbook */ rmv vandalism 10369243 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Talk:Main Page/Archive%(counter)d |algo = old(180d) |counter = 5 |maxarchivesize = 150K |minthreadsleft = 5 |archiveheader = {{Automatic archive navigator}} }} {{Main Page talk header}} {{annual readership}} {{not a forum}} == Bullying == I want to stop bullying. It isn't right. Do you want to help me? Pls come up with some ideas and we'll brainstorm. [[User:Nrhdudmd,wljernehejeme|Lizette]] ([[User talk:Nrhdudmd,wljernehejeme|talk]]) 02:59, 18 January 2025 (UTC) :Hi! This is not a help site, but I will give you some insight. You are right, bullying is never ever okay, it's hurtful and heartbreaking, trust me, I was bullied a lot like you. But you just got to walk away from them and try to ignore them, and tell a trusted adult like your parents. If you just do those things, they will stop. I hope this helps, happy editing! :) - Adelaide [[User:Adelaideslement8723|<span style="color:purple">𝓐𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓭𝓮</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴]] ♡ [[Special:Contribs/Adelaideslement8723|𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓼]])</sup> 03:03, 18 January 2025 (UTC) ::Now I may have ideas on how people can stop it. ;) Read these: https://www.wikihow.com/Stop-Bullying and https://www.wikihow.com/Stop-Bullies this will help. :) [[User:Adelaideslement8723|<span style="color:purple">𝓐𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓭𝓮</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴]] ♡ [[Special:Contribs/Adelaideslement8723|𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓼]])</sup> 03:04, 18 January 2025 (UTC) :What do I use Wikipedia for? Also thanks! I'll them! [[User:Jh&#59;ihjkchlkjfgiwekhfkwej|Jh&#59;ihjkchlkjfgiwekhfkwej]] ([[User talk:Jh&#59;ihjkchlkjfgiwekhfkwej|talk]]) 17:17, 20 January 2025 (UTC) ::Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia that anyone can edit. This specific version of Wikipedia is for people who are learning English. Read [[Wikipedia:About]] for more information about this Wikipedia or [[Wikipedia]] for Wikipedia in general.[[User:SimpleAsPi|SimpleAsPi]] ([[User talk:SimpleAsPi|talk]]) 17:13, 23 April 2025 (UTC) == adding a star == adding a star like this * at the end of "the '''free [[encyclopedia]]''' that [[Wikipedia:Introduction|anyone can change]]." so it looks like this "the '''free [[encyclopedia]]''' that [[Wikipedia:Introduction|anyone can change]]*." why? well because you cant edit '''EVERY''' page on wikipedia "Ex [[Main Page]]". however i digress [[Special:Contributions/2604:3D09:AF84:5900:A8B7:DB87:6EE2:F9E5|2604:3D09:AF84:5900:A8B7:DB87:6EE2:F9E5]] ([[User talk:2604:3D09:AF84:5900:A8B7:DB87:6EE2:F9E5|talk]]) 19:25, 18 January 2025 (UTC) :This isn't a change that we would make. The information is true - the encyclopedia is accessible for anyone to change. '''[[User:Lee Vilenski|<span style="color:green">Lee Vilenski</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Lee Vilenski|talk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Lee Vilenski|contribs]])</sup>''' 20:07, 18 January 2025 (UTC) :I agree with @[[User:Lee Vilenski|Lee Vilenski]] because the main page can only be changed by bots or admins. But you can change most of the pages, don't know about categories. [[User:SimpleAsPi|It&#39;s SimpleAsPi!]] ([[User talk:SimpleAsPi|talk]]) 14:12, 21 May 2025 (UTC) :I know this is an old comment, but it is "anyone can change". any page with no edit protection verifies that statement as true. even if a user cant edit the [[Main Page]], they can still edit some other page. It never said anything about a specific page. The only argument I could think of that would make me consider the star is users who are already blocked. [[User:Ieditrandomarticles|<span style="font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;text-shadow:1px 1px 2px #999;">Ieditrandomarticles</span>]] ([[User talk:Ieditrandomarticles|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Ieditrandomarticles|contribs]]) 02:20, 30 May 2025 (UTC) == Question from a new editor == Hi there! Sorry if this isn't the right place to ask this. I've noticed that on the main page it's stated that this is a site for everyone, including children. My question is, aren't children under 13 prohibited from creating an account under coppa law? (At least that's how it works on the wiki I come from). What do you mean for everyone? Additionally, since Wikipedia isn't censored (it doesn't even look like there's a policy on graphic violence / graphical content) you can easily find both pornographic and extreme graphical content such as self harm hosted on Wikimedia Commons using the search tool from this site. I'm a bit concerned, mainly confused. Thanks, [[User:It's moon|It's moon]] ([[User talk:It's moon|talk]]) 09:27, 21 January 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:It's moon|It's moon]] Please ask this at [[WP:Simple talk]] [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 09:28, 21 January 2025 (UTC) :If this related to commons please ask there. Which wiki did you come from? [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 09:30, 21 January 2025 (UTC) ::No, this is related to this site, I'm concerned about this site's search tool and how this site approaches coppa law. I come from Inkipedia btw [[User:It's moon|It's moon]] ([[User talk:It's moon|talk]]) 09:38, 21 January 2025 (UTC) :::Alright [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 09:51, 21 January 2025 (UTC) ::::This really is a small forum and likely not the right place to ask. What I give here is a short answer, for a legally sound one you will have to ask elsewhere. As stated, anyone can create an account. As far as I know, the date of birth of editors are not recorded, there is no special treatment of children, they see what everyone else sees. Wikipedia is free to use, there is no harvesting or selling of addresses. And yes, images are there to illustrate, Wikipedia is not censored. So yes, like on the internet you can and will find respective images or media if you look for them. They will have been used to illustrate corresponding articles. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 23:40, 23 January 2025 (UTC) :::::So as there is no address collection/harvesting, the Coppa law likely does not apply. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 07:02, 24 January 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:It's moon|It's moon]]: That statement is aimed more at readers than editors. The content is intended to be in language simple enough for anyone to understand. You don't need an account to read here. :As for content that might not be suitable for children, what's pornography or too extreme is subjective. Because of that, Wikipedia leaves it up to the children's parents or guardians to monitor what they are seeing. As {{u|Eptalon}} said, Wikimedia sites such as Wikipedia are [[WP:CENSOR|not censored]]. The only thing that does get censored is child pornography. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 20:49, 5 May 2025 (UTC) == Properly align search button == the search button is aligned far off to the right. I don't know if this is an issue, or if this is intended but personally it doesn't look right. This is on Mac safari if that has anything to do with it. Image: https://imgur.com/a/iTcYh1y [[User:Ieditrandomarticles|Ieditrandomarticles]] ([[User talk:Ieditrandomarticles|talk]]) 00:49, 5 March 2025 (UTC) :Edit: This has been fixed in the latest version of the homepage. [[User:Ieditrandomarticles|Ieditrandomarticles]] ([[User talk:Ieditrandomarticles|talk]]) 15:21, 17 March 2025 (UTC) == Is there any way to add a "In The News" section of the main page? == As I decided to look at the Simple English Wikipedia, and noticed that there is no "In The News" section on the Main Page. Is there anyway that it could be possibly added? I may not respond immediately. Thanks. [[User:SimpleAsPi|SimpleAsPi]] ([[User talk:SimpleAsPi|talk]]) 16:20, 23 April 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:SimpleAsPi|SimpleAsPi]] This was proposed several times in the past ([[Wikipedia:Simple_talk/Archive_106#In_the_News_section|2013]], [[Wikipedia:Simple_talk/Archive_127#Simple_News|2019]], [[Wikipedia:Simple_talk/Archive_139#Adding_an_"In_the_News"_section_to_the_Main_Page|2021]]). The main point opposing the idea has always been that the Simple English Wikipedia's community is too small to maintain such a section. — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 11:44, 13 May 2025 (UTC) ::Understandable, however, I am also asking that when the Simple English Wikipedia's community gets large enough, will we add that section? ::Cherrios, [[User:SimpleAsPi|It&#39;s SimpleAsPi!]] ([[User talk:SimpleAsPi|talk]]) 16:35, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::I think the problem with that is effectivley community size: Do we have enough articles that are of a sufficient standard, that we could rotate this 1-2 times a month?- Also, what would you think as an reader if you say an article on an event that wassay 2 weeks old? - If the then say that we need 3 hooks per take, that need to go through some form of reviewiew, that likely means we need 5-6 candidates for the two week period, how many memorable events are there that have articles in Simple English? - So oyu seee, the community likely is too small as of now. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 15:30, 23 May 2025 (UTC) ::::I get it, the Wikipedia needs to be large enough to make articles as fast like the English Wikipedia. ::::Also you need some autocorrect or something, you misspelled "you", "see", "review", and even "was". ::::Don't forget that this is the Simple English Wikipedia, so use simple words. ::::Cherrios, [[User:SimpleAsPi|It&#39;s SimpleAsPi!]] ([[User talk:SimpleAsPi|talk]]) 15:12, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :::::I know my spelling is not perfect, but I don't think that is the issue here [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 19:58, 28 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::Yes I know, but I was just pointing out your mistakes, not to be rude however. ::::::(This is @[[User:SimpleAsPi|SimpleAsPi]]'s (aka me) mobile account or edge account, or English Wikipedia account.) ::::::Regards, [[User:Noob from2|noob_from2]] ([[User talk:Noob from2|talk]]) 14:51, 3 June 2025 (UTC) == Where did my page on the "chicken jockey" trend go? == I added information to the trend specifically, since there ISN´T ANY INFORMATION ON IT in the Minecraft Movie page, apart from a single phrase! Why was it deleted? Could somebody please help me add it back? [[Special:Contributions/2003:C0:273A:4DA8:5470:7605:D0D6:A3D|2003:C0:273A:4DA8:5470:7605:D0D6:A3D]] ([[User talk:2003:C0:273A:4DA8:5470:7605:D0D6:A3D|talk]]) 17:01, 17 June 2025 (UTC) :You’re welcome to request a review of its deletion at [[Wikipedia:Deletion review]] if you feel it was deleted inappropriately. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 17:09, 17 June 2025 (UTC) 8qnp35ixzwop2jupdx2ycjpy7prtsai 0 209992 10367792 9768108 2025-07-02T15:23:38Z 2A02:810C:C08A:400:A009:7CA9:EAEE:369 10367792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox professional wrestler |name = Maryse Mizanin |image = Maryse Ouellet live event April 2016.jpg |caption = Mizanin in 2016 |birth_name = Maryse Ouellet |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1983|01|21|mf=y}}<ref name="slam" /> |birth_place = [[Montréal]], [[Quebec]], Canada<ref name="slam" /> |spouse = {{Marriage|[[The Miz]]|February 2014}} |children = 2 |names = '''Maryse'''<br />Maryse Ouellet |height = 5 ft 8 in<ref name="OVW">{{cite web|url=http://www.ovwrestling.com/Superstars/Divas/maryse.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027022158/http://www.ovwrestling.com/Superstars/Divas/maryse.htm|archive-date=October 27, 2007|title=Maryse's profile|publisher=[[Ohio Valley Wrestling]]}}</ref> |weight = 115 lb<ref name="OVW" /> |billed = Montreal, Quebec, Canada<ref name=WWEbio>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/superstars/wwealumni/maryse|title=Maryse|access-date=December 21, 2011|publisher=[[WWE]]|archive-date=December 16, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111216164754/http://www.wwe.com/superstars/wwealumni/maryse|url-status=live}}</ref> |trainer = [[Al Snow]]<ref name="Kapur-12/12" /><br />[[Dave Finlay]]<ref name="Kapur-12/12" /><br />[[Steve Keirn]]<ref name="Kapur-12/12" /><br />[[Tom Prichard]]<ref name="Kapur-12/12" /><br />[[Ricky Steamboat]]<ref name="Kapur-12/12" /><br />[[Ohio Valley Wrestling|OVW]]<br />[[FCW]] |debut = August 24, 2006 |retired = }} '''Maryse Mizanin'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/MaryseMizanin|title=Maryse Mizanin|access-date=December 31, 2016|publisher=[[Twitter]]|archive-date=January 5, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105053736/https://twitter.com/marysemizanin|url-status=live}}</ref> ({{IPAc-en|m|ə|'|r|iː|s}}; [[Name at birth|née]] '''Ouellet'''; born January 21, 1983) is a [[Canadians|Canadian]] [[professional wrestler]], [[Actor|actress]] and [[model (person)|model]]. She is signed to [[WWE]]. She works on the [[Raw (WWE brand)|Raw]] [[WWE brand extension|brand]] with her husband [[The Miz]], under the [[ring name]] '''Maryse'''. During her time in the WWE, she has won the [[WWE Divas Championship]] twice. In August, she underwent surgery for an [[Abdomen|abdominal]] [[hernia]] and took time off of WWE programming. She was released from her WWE contract in 2011 after two months of inactivity. She returned to the WWE in 2016. She also joined the cast of the [[Reality television]] [[television program|program]] ''[[Total Divas]]'' that year. In 2018, she began the series ''[[Miz & Mrs.]]'' with her husband. In 2003, She won [[Miss Hawaiian Tropic|Miss Hawaiian Tropic Canada]]. She also finished second at the International Finals of Miss Hawaiian Tropic 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/Bios/Ouellet_Maryse.html|accessdate=2013-10-30|title=Maryse Ouellet|publisher=Slam! Sports. Canadian Online Explorer|archive-date=2012-04-19|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/672hgr7OF?url=http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/Bios/Ouellet_Maryse.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2007, she was on the cover of ''[[Playboy]]'s'' Girls of Canada calendar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/superstars/divas/summerskin/maryse/makinglife|accessdate=2013-10-30|title=Making life beautiful|publisher=WWE|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080822072354/http://www.wwe.com/superstars/divas/summerskin/maryse/makinglife|archive-date=2008-08-22}}</ref> == Championships and accomplishments == === Beauty pageant === * '''Hawaiian Tropic''' ** Miss Hawaiian Tropic Canada (2003)<ref name="slam" /> ** Runner-up International Finals of Miss Hawaiian (2004)<ref name="slam" /> === Professional wrestling === * '''''[[Bleacher Report]]''''' ** Diva/Knockout of the Year (2009)<ref>{{cite web|last=Ransiear|first=Steven|date=December 30, 2009|title=2009 Year End Awards: Wrestling|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/316167-my-2009-year-end-awards|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214165353/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/316167-my-2009-year-end-awards|archive-date=February 14, 2023|access-date=February 14, 2023|website=[[Bleacher Report]]}}</ref> * '''''[[Pro Wrestling Illustrated]]''''' ** Ranked No. 9 of the top 50 female wrestlers in the ''PWI Female 50'' in 2009<ref>{{cite web|last=Martin|first=Adam|date=September 11, 2009|title=PWI Top 50 Female Wrestlers list|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/news2009/1252704430.php?style=dark|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121225050856/http://www.wrestleview.com/news2009/1252704430.php?style=dark|archive-date=December 25, 2012|access-date=September 12, 2009|publisher=WrestleView}}</ref> * '''Live Audio Wrestling End of Year Awards''' ** Best Comeback (2009) - as "[[The Gobbledy Gooker]]"<ref name="Fight Network">{{cite web|date=December 12, 2015|title=Japanese Audio Wrestling – Year End Awards|url=https://fightnetwork.com/law/japanese-audio-wrestling-year-end-awards/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20180908112818/https://fightnetwork.com/law/japanese-audio-wrestling-year-end-awards/|archive-date=September 8, 2018|access-date=September 8, 2018|work=[[The LAW]]|publisher=[[Fight Network]]}}</ref> ** Best Wrestler: Female/Diva of the Year (2009)<ref name="Fight Network" /> ** Feud of the Year (2009) - with [[Michelle McCool]] for the [[WWE Divas Championship]]<ref name="Fight Network" /> * '''''[[The Baltimore Sun]]''''' ** Diva of the Year (2009)<ref name="Baltimore">{{cite web|last=Eck|first=Kevin|date=January 27, 2010|title=2009 Awards|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/bs-mtblog-2010-01-2009_awards-story.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026135227/https://www.baltimoresun.com/bs-mtblog-2010-01-2009_awards-story.html|archive-date=October 26, 2020|access-date=September 25, 2020|work=[[The Baltimore Sun]]}}</ref> * '''Women's Wrestling Fan Awards''' ** Most Improved Wrestler (2008)<ref>{{cite web|last=Wilkinson|first=Nick|date=December 26, 2022|title=Year-End Awards 2008: Most Improved Wrestler|url=https://www.diva-dirt.com/year-end-awards-2008-most-improved-wrestler/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226091436/https://www.diva-dirt.com/2022-year-end-womens-wrestling-fan-awards-the-winners/|archive-date=December 26, 2023|access-date=January 2, 2024|work=Diva Dirt}}</ref> ** One to Watch in 2009<ref>{{cite web|last=Wilkinson|first=Nick|date=December 26, 2022|title=Year-End Awards 2008: One to Watch in 2009|url=https://www.diva-dirt.com/year-end-awards-2008-one-to-watch-in-2009/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226091436/https://www.diva-dirt.com/2022-year-end-womens-wrestling-fan-awards-the-winners/|archive-date=December 26, 2023|access-date=January 2, 2024|work=Diva Dirt}}</ref> ** Heel of the Year (2008)<ref>{{cite web|last=Wilkinson|first=Nick|date=December 26, 2022|title=Year-End Awards 2008: Heel of the Year|url=https://www.diva-dirt.com/year-end-awards-2008-heel-of-the-year/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226091436/https://www.diva-dirt.com/2022-year-end-womens-wrestling-fan-awards-the-winners/|archive-date=December 26, 2023|access-date=January 2, 2024|work=Diva Dirt}}</ref> ** Best Photoshoot of the Year (2009) - ‘Lady in Red’e <ref>{{cite web|last=Wilkinson|first=Nick|date=December 26, 2022|title=Year-End Awards 2009: Best Photoshoot|url=https://www.diva-dirt.com/year-end-awards-2009-best-photoshoot/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226091436/https://www.diva-dirt.com/2022-year-end-womens-wrestling-fan-awards-the-winners/|archive-date=December 26, 2023|access-date=January 2, 2024|work=Diva Dirt}}</ref> ** Most Stylish of the Year (2009)<ref>{{cite web|last=Wilkinson|first=Nick|date=December 26, 2022|title=Year-End Awards 2009: Most Stylish|url=https://www.diva-dirt.com/year-end-awards-2009-most-stylish/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226091436/https://www.diva-dirt.com/2022-year-end-womens-wrestling-fan-awards-the-winners/|archive-date=December 26, 2023|access-date=January 2, 2024|work=Diva Dirt}}</ref> * '''[[WWE|World Wrestling Entertainment/WWE]]''' **[[WWE Divas Championship]] ([[List of WWE Divas Champions|2 times]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/10995388|accessdate=2013-10-30|title=History of the Divas Championship: Maryse|publisher=WWE|archive-date=2013-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110001346/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/10995388|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/13589002|accessdate=2013-10-30|title=History of the Divas Championship: Maryse (2)|publisher=WWE|archive-date=2016-01-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116110301/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/13589002|url-status=dead}}</ref> **Divas Championship Tournament (2010)<ref>{{cite web|title=Maryse's second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/13589002|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116110301/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/13589002|archive-date=January 16, 2016|access-date=February 23, 2010|publisher=WWE}}</ref> **Ranked No. 37 of the top 50 Greatest WWE Female Superstars of all time (2021)<ref>{{cite web|last=Middleton|first=Marc|date=March 26, 2021|title=Becky Lynch And Others Trend After Reveal Of WWE's 50 Greatest Women Superstars|url=https://www.wrestlinginc.com/news/2021/03/becky-lynch-and-others-trend-after-reveal-of-wwes-50-greatest-women-superstars/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019182528/https://www.wrestlinginc.com/news/2021/03/becky-lynch-and-others-trend-after-reveal-of-wwes-50-greatest-women-superstars/|archive-date=October 19, 2021|access-date=September 20, 2021|work=Wrestling Inc.}}</ref> == References == {{reflist|refs= <ref name="slam">{{cite web|url=http://slam.canoe.com/Slam/Wrestling/Bios/Ouellet_Maryse.html|title=Maryse Ouellet|last=Kamchen|first=Richard|access-date=July 4, 2009|work=Slam! Sports|publisher=[[Canadian Online Explorer]]|archive-date=February 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220030306/http://slam.canoe.com/Slam/Wrestling/Bios/Ouellet_Maryse.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Kapur-12/12">{{cite web|url=https://slamwrestling.net/index.php/2009/12/23/maryse-answers-slam-wrestling-reader-questions/|title=Maryse answers SLAM! Wrestling reader questions|date=December 12, 2009|last=Kapur|first=Bob|access-date=December 27, 2009|work=Slam! Sports|publisher=[[Canadian Online Explorer]]|archive-date=December 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214132901/https://slamwrestling.net/index.php/2009/12/23/maryse-answers-slam-wrestling-reader-questions/|url-status=live}}</ref> }} == Other websites == *[http://www.frenchkissmaryse.com/ Official website] *[http://www.wwe.com/superstars/maryse/ WWE profile] {{multistub|sports-bio|Canada}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mizanin, Maryse}} [[Category:1983 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Beauty pageant winners]] [[Category:Canadian models]] [[Category:Canadian professional wrestlers]] [[Category:Female professional wrestlers]] [[Category:Former WWE wrestlers]] [[Category:People from Montreal]] [[Category:Professional wrestling managers and valets]] [[Category:Sportspeople from Quebec]] cxdcfk4bu74u12pwmxvsdjoc06d94pr 10367794 10367792 2025-07-02T15:25:32Z 2A02:810C:C08A:400:A009:7CA9:EAEE:369 10367794 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox professional wrestler |name = Maryse Mizanin |image = Maryse Ouellet live event April 2016.jpg |caption = Mizanin in 2016 |birth_name = Maryse Ouellet |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1983|01|21|mf=y}}<ref name="slam" /> |birth_place = [[Montréal]], [[Quebec]], Canada<ref name="slam" /> |spouse = {{Marriage|[[The Miz]]|February 2014}} |children = 2 |names = '''Maryse'''<br />Maryse Ouellet |height = 5 ft 8 in<ref name="OVW">{{cite web|url=http://www.ovwrestling.com/Superstars/Divas/maryse.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027022158/http://www.ovwrestling.com/Superstars/Divas/maryse.htm|archive-date=October 27, 2007|title=Maryse's profile|publisher=[[Ohio Valley Wrestling]]}}</ref> |weight = 115 lb<ref name="OVW" /> |billed = Montreal, Quebec, Canada<ref name=WWEbio>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/superstars/wwealumni/maryse|title=Maryse|access-date=December 21, 2011|publisher=[[WWE]]|archive-date=December 16, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111216164754/http://www.wwe.com/superstars/wwealumni/maryse|url-status=live}}</ref> |trainer = [[Al Snow]]<ref name="Kapur-12/12" /><br />[[Dave Finlay]]<ref name="Kapur-12/12" /><br />[[Steve Keirn]]<ref name="Kapur-12/12" /><br />[[Tom Prichard]]<ref name="Kapur-12/12" /><br />[[Ricky Steamboat]]<ref name="Kapur-12/12" /><br />[[Ohio Valley Wrestling|OVW]]<br />[[FCW]] |debut = August 24, 2006 |retired = }} '''Maryse Mizanin'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/MaryseMizanin|title=Maryse Mizanin|access-date=December 31, 2016|publisher=[[Twitter]]|archive-date=January 5, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105053736/https://twitter.com/marysemizanin|url-status=live}}</ref> ({{IPAc-en|m|ə|'|r|iː|s}}; [[Name at birth|née]] '''Ouellet'''; born January 21, 1983) is a [[Canadians|Canadian]] [[professional wrestler]], [[Actor|actress]] and [[model (person)|model]]. She is signed to [[WWE]] and works on the [[Raw (WWE brand)|Raw]] [[WWE brand extension|brand]] with her husband [[The Miz]], under the [[ring name]] '''Maryse'''. During her time in the WWE, she has won the [[WWE Divas Championship]] twice. In August, she underwent surgery for an [[Abdomen|abdominal]] [[hernia]] and took time off of WWE programming 2011. She was released from her WWE contract that October after two months of inactivity. She returned to the WWE in 2016. She also joined the cast of the [[Reality television]] [[television program|program]] ''[[Total Divas]]'' that year. In 2018, she began the series ''[[Miz & Mrs.]]'' with her husband. In 2003, She won [[Miss Hawaiian Tropic|Miss Hawaiian Tropic Canada]]. She also finished second at the International Finals of Miss Hawaiian Tropic 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/Bios/Ouellet_Maryse.html|accessdate=2013-10-30|title=Maryse Ouellet|publisher=Slam! Sports. Canadian Online Explorer|archive-date=2012-04-19|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/672hgr7OF?url=http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/Bios/Ouellet_Maryse.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2007, she was on the cover of ''[[Playboy]]'s'' Girls of Canada calendar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/superstars/divas/summerskin/maryse/makinglife|accessdate=2013-10-30|title=Making life beautiful|publisher=WWE|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080822072354/http://www.wwe.com/superstars/divas/summerskin/maryse/makinglife|archive-date=2008-08-22}}</ref> == Championships and accomplishments == === Beauty pageant === * '''Hawaiian Tropic''' ** Miss Hawaiian Tropic Canada (2003)<ref name="slam" /> ** Runner-up International Finals of Miss Hawaiian (2004)<ref name="slam" /> === Professional wrestling === * '''''[[Bleacher Report]]''''' ** Diva/Knockout of the Year (2009)<ref>{{cite web|last=Ransiear|first=Steven|date=December 30, 2009|title=2009 Year End Awards: Wrestling|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/316167-my-2009-year-end-awards|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214165353/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/316167-my-2009-year-end-awards|archive-date=February 14, 2023|access-date=February 14, 2023|website=[[Bleacher Report]]}}</ref> * '''''[[Pro Wrestling Illustrated]]''''' ** Ranked No. 9 of the top 50 female wrestlers in the ''PWI Female 50'' in 2009<ref>{{cite web|last=Martin|first=Adam|date=September 11, 2009|title=PWI Top 50 Female Wrestlers list|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/news2009/1252704430.php?style=dark|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121225050856/http://www.wrestleview.com/news2009/1252704430.php?style=dark|archive-date=December 25, 2012|access-date=September 12, 2009|publisher=WrestleView}}</ref> * '''Live Audio Wrestling End of Year Awards''' ** Best Comeback (2009) - as "[[The Gobbledy Gooker]]"<ref name="Fight Network">{{cite web|date=December 12, 2015|title=Japanese Audio Wrestling – Year End Awards|url=https://fightnetwork.com/law/japanese-audio-wrestling-year-end-awards/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20180908112818/https://fightnetwork.com/law/japanese-audio-wrestling-year-end-awards/|archive-date=September 8, 2018|access-date=September 8, 2018|work=[[The LAW]]|publisher=[[Fight Network]]}}</ref> ** Best Wrestler: Female/Diva of the Year (2009)<ref name="Fight Network" /> ** Feud of the Year (2009) - with [[Michelle McCool]] for the [[WWE Divas Championship]]<ref name="Fight Network" /> * '''''[[The Baltimore Sun]]''''' ** Diva of the Year (2009)<ref name="Baltimore">{{cite web|last=Eck|first=Kevin|date=January 27, 2010|title=2009 Awards|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/bs-mtblog-2010-01-2009_awards-story.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026135227/https://www.baltimoresun.com/bs-mtblog-2010-01-2009_awards-story.html|archive-date=October 26, 2020|access-date=September 25, 2020|work=[[The Baltimore Sun]]}}</ref> * '''Women's Wrestling Fan Awards''' ** Most Improved Wrestler (2008)<ref>{{cite web|last=Wilkinson|first=Nick|date=December 26, 2022|title=Year-End Awards 2008: Most Improved Wrestler|url=https://www.diva-dirt.com/year-end-awards-2008-most-improved-wrestler/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226091436/https://www.diva-dirt.com/2022-year-end-womens-wrestling-fan-awards-the-winners/|archive-date=December 26, 2023|access-date=January 2, 2024|work=Diva Dirt}}</ref> ** One to Watch in 2009<ref>{{cite web|last=Wilkinson|first=Nick|date=December 26, 2022|title=Year-End Awards 2008: One to Watch in 2009|url=https://www.diva-dirt.com/year-end-awards-2008-one-to-watch-in-2009/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226091436/https://www.diva-dirt.com/2022-year-end-womens-wrestling-fan-awards-the-winners/|archive-date=December 26, 2023|access-date=January 2, 2024|work=Diva Dirt}}</ref> ** Heel of the Year (2008)<ref>{{cite web|last=Wilkinson|first=Nick|date=December 26, 2022|title=Year-End Awards 2008: Heel of the Year|url=https://www.diva-dirt.com/year-end-awards-2008-heel-of-the-year/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226091436/https://www.diva-dirt.com/2022-year-end-womens-wrestling-fan-awards-the-winners/|archive-date=December 26, 2023|access-date=January 2, 2024|work=Diva Dirt}}</ref> ** Best Photoshoot of the Year (2009) - ‘Lady in Red’e <ref>{{cite web|last=Wilkinson|first=Nick|date=December 26, 2022|title=Year-End Awards 2009: Best Photoshoot|url=https://www.diva-dirt.com/year-end-awards-2009-best-photoshoot/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226091436/https://www.diva-dirt.com/2022-year-end-womens-wrestling-fan-awards-the-winners/|archive-date=December 26, 2023|access-date=January 2, 2024|work=Diva Dirt}}</ref> ** Most Stylish of the Year (2009)<ref>{{cite web|last=Wilkinson|first=Nick|date=December 26, 2022|title=Year-End Awards 2009: Most Stylish|url=https://www.diva-dirt.com/year-end-awards-2009-most-stylish/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226091436/https://www.diva-dirt.com/2022-year-end-womens-wrestling-fan-awards-the-winners/|archive-date=December 26, 2023|access-date=January 2, 2024|work=Diva Dirt}}</ref> * '''[[WWE|World Wrestling Entertainment/WWE]]''' **[[WWE Divas Championship]] ([[List of WWE Divas Champions|2 times]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/10995388|accessdate=2013-10-30|title=History of the Divas Championship: Maryse|publisher=WWE|archive-date=2013-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110001346/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/10995388|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/13589002|accessdate=2013-10-30|title=History of the Divas Championship: Maryse (2)|publisher=WWE|archive-date=2016-01-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116110301/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/13589002|url-status=dead}}</ref> **Divas Championship Tournament (2010)<ref>{{cite web|title=Maryse's second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/13589002|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116110301/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/13589002|archive-date=January 16, 2016|access-date=February 23, 2010|publisher=WWE}}</ref> **Ranked No. 37 of the top 50 Greatest WWE Female Superstars of all time (2021)<ref>{{cite web|last=Middleton|first=Marc|date=March 26, 2021|title=Becky Lynch And Others Trend After Reveal Of WWE's 50 Greatest Women Superstars|url=https://www.wrestlinginc.com/news/2021/03/becky-lynch-and-others-trend-after-reveal-of-wwes-50-greatest-women-superstars/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019182528/https://www.wrestlinginc.com/news/2021/03/becky-lynch-and-others-trend-after-reveal-of-wwes-50-greatest-women-superstars/|archive-date=October 19, 2021|access-date=September 20, 2021|work=Wrestling Inc.}}</ref> == References == {{reflist|refs= <ref name="slam">{{cite web|url=http://slam.canoe.com/Slam/Wrestling/Bios/Ouellet_Maryse.html|title=Maryse Ouellet|last=Kamchen|first=Richard|access-date=July 4, 2009|work=Slam! Sports|publisher=[[Canadian Online Explorer]]|archive-date=February 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220030306/http://slam.canoe.com/Slam/Wrestling/Bios/Ouellet_Maryse.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Kapur-12/12">{{cite web|url=https://slamwrestling.net/index.php/2009/12/23/maryse-answers-slam-wrestling-reader-questions/|title=Maryse answers SLAM! Wrestling reader questions|date=December 12, 2009|last=Kapur|first=Bob|access-date=December 27, 2009|work=Slam! Sports|publisher=[[Canadian Online Explorer]]|archive-date=December 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214132901/https://slamwrestling.net/index.php/2009/12/23/maryse-answers-slam-wrestling-reader-questions/|url-status=live}}</ref> }} == Other websites == *[http://www.frenchkissmaryse.com/ Official website] *[http://www.wwe.com/superstars/maryse/ WWE profile] {{WWE personnel}}{{multistub|sports-bio|Canada}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mizanin, Maryse}} [[Category:1983 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Beauty pageant winners]] [[Category:Canadian models]] [[Category:Canadian professional wrestlers]] [[Category:Female professional wrestlers]] [[Category:Former WWE wrestlers]] [[Category:People from Montreal]] [[Category:Professional wrestling managers and valets]] [[Category:Sportspeople from Quebec]] b4sxe33712t4x0yx206urvwv35zzpr6 0 210822 10368468 10324250 2025-07-02T23:23:58Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Career */ Grammar: doubled redundant "the" displayed next to each other 10368468 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=February 2020}} {{Infobox person | name = Drake | image = Drake July 2016.jpg | alt = | caption = Drake performing in concert in July 2016 | birth_name = Aubrey Drake Graham | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1986|10|24|mf=yes}} | birth_place = [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], Canada | alias = {{flatlist| * Champagne Papi<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/8479603/drake-champagne-papi-alter-ego-moments|title=11 Times Drake Channeled His 'Champagne Papi' Alter-Ego: From 'The Motto' to 'Mia'|magazine=Billboard}}</ref> * Drizzy<ref>{{cite web|access-date=August 28, 2019|title=The Drake Look Book|url=https://www.gq.com/gallery/drake-style-look-book-outfits|website=GQ|date=October 2016}}</ref> * 6 God<ref name="Noel">{{cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/music/2020/07/drake-engineer-noel-shares-how-close-to-finishing-new-album|title=Drake's Engineer Noel Shares How Close Rapper Is to Finishing New Album|work=[[Complex Networks|Complex]]|author=FNR Tigg|date=July 29, 2020|access-date=July 30, 2020|archive-date=July 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730144044/https://www.complex.com/music/2020/07/drake-engineer-noel-shares-how-close-to-finishing-new-album|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} | occupation = {{hlist|Rapper|singer|songwriter|entrepreneur|actor}} | works = {{hlist|[[Drake singles discography|Singles]]|[[Drake albums discography|albums]]|[[Drake videography|videography]]}} | citizenship = {{hlist|Canada|United States}} | relatives = [[Larry Graham]] (uncle)<br />[[Teenie Hodges]] (uncle) | children = 1 | years_active = 2001–present | awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Drake|Full list]] | website = {{official website}} | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | genre = {{flatlist| * [[Hip hop music|Hip hop]] * [[pop rap]] * [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] * [[pop music|pop]] * [[trap music|trap]] * [[dancehall]] }} | label = {{flatlist| * [[OVO Sound]] * [[Republic Records|Republic]] * [[Young Money Entertainment|Young Money]] * [[Cash Money Records|Cash Money]] }} }} }} '''Aubrey Drake Graham'''<ref name="allmusic">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/drake-mn0001035294|title=Drake – Music Biography, Credits and Discography|last=Kellman|first=Andy|publisher=AllMusic}}</ref> (born October 24, 1986) is a [[Canadians|Canadian]] rapper, singer, and actor.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/20/arts/music/drakes-take-care-goes-to-moody-places.html|title=Drake Pushes Rap Toward the Gothic|last=Caramanca|first=Jon|date=November 16, 2011|accessdate=February 1, 2012|work=The New York Times}}</ref> who has sold over 170 million album copies worldwide. He was born in [[Toronto|Toronto, Ontario]]. He was the character Jimmy Brooks for eight seasons on the television show ''[[Degrassi: The Next Generation]]'' (2001–2008). He is of Jewish and Black/Afro-American descent. Drake has worked with a lot of other musicians. Drake collaborated with [[Rihanna]] on the number-one singles "[[What's My Name?]]" (2010) and "[[Work (Rihanna song)|Work]]" (2016). He also rapped on "[[Moment 4 Life]]" (2011) by [[Nicki Minaj]]. "Moment 4 Life" was nominated for a 2012 [[Grammy Award]] in the category Best Rap Performance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://music.cbc.ca/#!/blogs/2012/2/Grammys-2012-Rap-and-hip-hop-nomineeswinners|accessdate=October 21, 2015|title=Grammys 2012: Rap and hip-hop nominees/winners|publisher=CBC Music}}</ref> His third album ''[[Take Care]]'' won the award for Best Rap Album at the 2013 Grammy Awards.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2013/feb/10/entertainment/la-et-ms-grammys-2013-rap-album-winner-20130209|accessdate=October 21, 2015|title=Grammys 2013: Drake's 'Take Care' wins in rap album category|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=February 10, 2013 }}</ref> In 2012, Drake along with his producer [[40 (record producer)|40]] and manager Oliver El-Khatib started the [[OVO Sound]] [[record label]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thedrop.fm/drake-ovo-sound-label-city-of-toronto-music-committee/|accessdate=September 24, 2024|title=Drake's OVO Sound Label Teams Up With City of Toronto to Create Music Committee|publisher=TheDrop}}</ref> On September 30, 2013, he was named as the "global ambassador" for the [[Toronto Raptors]] of the [[National Basketball Association]] (NBA).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nba.com/2013/news/09/30/raptors-drake.ap/index.html|accessdate=October 21, 2015|title=From rapper to Raptor, Drake takes on new role|publisher=NBA}}</ref> On March 14, 2019, the Raptors renamed their practice facility to the [[OVO Athletic Centre]] after Drake's brand.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nba.com/raptors/press-release/raptors-ovo-elevate-partnership-with-ovo-athletic-centre|accessdate=September 24, 2024|title=Raptors and OVO Elevate Partnership with OVO Athletic Centre Naming Rights Deal|publisher=[[Toronto Raptors]]}}</ref> In 2016, he released ''[[Views (album)|Views]]'', an album that was only on iTunes at first. His single "[[One Dance]]" became his first number-one single on the US [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] as a main artist. Drake went on the 54-show [[Summer Sixteen Tour]] alongside American rapper [[Future (rapper)|Future]] to promote ''Views'', Future's fourth studio album ''[[Evol (Future album)|Evol]]'', and the two's collaborative mixtape ''[[What a Time to Be Alive]]''. The tour earned $84.3 million which made it the highest grossing hip-hop tour of all time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.xxlmag.com/drake-future-summer-sixteen-tour-highest-grossing-record/|access-date=September 28, 2024|title=Drake and Future Break Highest-Grossing Record With Summer Sixteen Tour|publisher=[[XXL (magazine)|XXL]]}}</ref> On March 18, 2017, Drake released ''[[More Life]]'', which he referred to as a "playlist" instead of an album. The singles "[[Fake Love (Drake song)|Fake Love]]" and "[[Passionfruit (song)|Passionfruit]]" reached the top ten in countries worldwide. In 2018, Drake worked with [[Travis Scott]] and published "[[Sicko Mode]]". It was nominated for the [[Grammy Award]]s for Best Rap Song and Best Rap Performance. Drake's single, "[[God's Plan (song)|God's Plan]]", from the EP ''[[Scary Hours]]'', entered at the top of the US ''Billboard'' Hot 100. After 11 weeks at number one, the single "[[Nice for What]]" also entered at number one, making Drake the first artist to have a number-one entry replace another number-one entry at the top of the chart. "Nice for What" became Drake's fifth American chart-topper. Drake released the single "I'm Upset" in May 2018 and announced he was going to release his next album, ''[[Scorpion (Drake album)|Scorpion]]'', in June.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/8458027/drake-im-upset|title=Drake Releases New Single 'I'm Upset'|magazine=Billboard|accessdate=May 28, 2018}}</ref> Despite rumors, particularly a [[wikt:Beef|beef]] with rapper Pusha T, Drake revealed in the album that he has a child, a son named Adonis, with French artist Sophie Brussaux.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://people.com/music/drake-son-adonis-mother-sophie-brussaux-what-to-know/|title=Who Is Sophie Brussaux? What to Know About the Mother of Drake's Son Adonis|work=PEOPLE.com|accessdate=2018-07-01|language=en}}</ref> On April 2, 2020, Drake released the single "[[Toosie Slide]]", based on the dance of the same name that had been posted to social media app [[TikTok]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/drake-making-of-toosie-slide-977600/|title=Before Drake Released 'Toosie Slide,' He Turned to a Few Dancers for Help|last1=Holmes|first1=Charles|last2=Holmes|first2=Charles|date=2020-04-03|magazine=Rolling Stone|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-04}}</ref> It became his third number-one entrance on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]], tying him with [[Mariah Carey]] as having the most songs enter at the top. It became his seventh US number-one single overall. On October 31, 2023, Drake released the song "[[First Person Shooter (song)|First Person Shooter]]" which also featured [[J. Cole]]. The song debuted number one on the US ''Billboard'' Hot 100. This gave Drake his thirteenth number-one single and Cole's first number-one. By earning number one, Drake tied the record with [[Michael Jackson]] for most number-one singles by a male solo artist.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/drake-gets-no-1-album-and-single-tying-michael-jackson-for-billboard-hot-100-record/|access-date=September 26, 2024|title=Drake Gets No. 1 Album and Single, Tying Michael Jackson for Billboard Hot 100 Record|publisher=[[Pitchfork Media|Pitchfork]]}}</ref> The song also started a feud with rapper [[Kendrick Lamar]] after Cole rapped about Drake, Cole and Lamar being the "Big 3" of hip hop.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2024/music/news/kendrick-lamar-drake-j-cole-like-that-diss-1235949672/|access-date=September 26, 2024|title=Kendrick Lamar Disses Drake and J. Cole on Future and Metro Boomin's New Song 'Like That'|publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> On August 2, 2024, Drake made an unannounced appearance at [[PartyNextDoor]]'s concert. He performed and then said that Party and he were working on an album together.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/drake-partynextdoor-album-wah-gwan-delilah-live-debut-toronto-1235745990/|access-date=September 26, 2024|title=Drake Announces New Album With PartyNextDoor, Live-Debuts 'Wah Gwan Delilah' in Toronto|publisher=Billboard}}</ref> On February 3, 2025, Drake officially revealed the title of the album as ''[[Some Sexy Songs 4 U]]'' and set a release date of February 14.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/drake-partynextdoor-album-sexy-songs-for-u-release-date-1235891233/|access-date=February 3, 2025|title=Drake Announces PartyNext Door Project ‘$ome $exy $ongs 4 U’: Here’s When It Arrives|publisher=Billboard}}</ref> == Early life == Aubrey Drake Graham was born on October 24, 1986, in [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]].<ref name="allmusic"/> His parents are Sandra, a school teacher,<ref>{{cite web|last=Siegel|first=Tatiana|date=November 8, 2017|title=Drake's Hotline to Hollywood: Inside an Ambitious Push Into Film and TV|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/music-news/drakes-hotline-hollywood-inside-an-ambitious-push-film-tv-1055765/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305025059/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/music-news/drakes-hotline-hollywood-inside-an-ambitious-push-film-tv-1055765/|archive-date=March 5, 2022|access-date=March 5, 2022|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> and Dennis Graham, an African-American musician from [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]], [[Tennessee]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/drake-father-dennis-graham-interview-7670063/|title=Drake's Competition in 2017 Might Just Be His Father|magazine=Billboard|date=2017-01-30}}</ref> Drake's parents got a [[divorce]] when he was five years old. He spent most of his time at his mother's house in the Weston Road area of [[Toronto]] while he also made summer visits to his father's house in Memphis.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://people.com/all-about-drake-parents-sandi-dennis-graham-7511262|access-date=September 28, 2024|title=All About Drake's Parents Sandi and Dennis Graham|publisher=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref> Drake's uncles are also part of the music business. His uncle [[Larry Graham]] was a bassist for [[Sly and the Family Stone]] and his other uncle [[Teenie Hodges|Mabon "Teenie" Hodges]] was a guitarist and songwriter who wrote hit songs such as "[[Take Me to the River]]" and "[[Here I Am (Come and Take Me)]]" for [[Soul music|soul]] singer [[Al Green]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://macleans.ca/culture/drake-superior/|access-date=September 28, 2024|title=Drake superior|publisher=[[Maclean's]]}}</ref> He attended [[Forest Hill Collegiate Institute]] for high school,<ref name="Graham1">{{cite news|last=Jordan|first=Harrison|date=December 20, 2006|title=Degrassi actor says being different made him stronger|work=The Canadian Jewish News|url=https://degrassi.ca/2006/12/20/degrassi-actor-says-being-different-made-him-stronger-canadian-jewish-news/|access-date=March 5, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071201080838/http://www.interfaithfamily.com/arts_and_entertainment/movies_theater_tv_and_music/Degrassi_Actor_Says_Being_Different_Made_Him_Stronger.shtml?rd=1|archive-date=December 1, 2007}}</ref> and attended [[Vaughan Road Academy]] in Toronto. At Vaughan Road, Drake took part in their Interact program and was classmates with actor [[Elliot Page]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/community-commemorates-vaughan-road-academy-closing-after-nine-decades/article_fffc9569-4939-509b-b307-087ef1ec8ae0.html|access-date=September 28, 2024|title=Community commemorates Vaughan Road Academy, closing after nine decades|publisher=[[Toronto Star]]}}</ref> He dropped out because it took too much time away from his music and he was getting [[Bullying|bullied]] for his race but he eventually earned his [[General Educational Development|high school diploma]] in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vibe.com/news/online_exclusives/2009/02/drake_day|access-date=October 1, 2024|title=Drake Discusses Degrassi, High School Years, and So Far Gone with Vibe Magazine|publisher=[[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]]|archive-date=March 13, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090313071826/http://www.vibe.com/news/online_exclusives/2009/02/drake_day|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/oct/19/drake-i-got-my-high-school-diploma/|access-date=October 1, 2024|title=Drake: ‘I got my high school diploma’|publisher=[[The Washington Times]]}}</ref> == Career == Early in his music career, Drake was in a hip hop group called The Renaissance with [[Grammy Award]]-winning singer [[Melanie Fiona]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/grammy-star-melanie-fiona-1.1177329|access-date=October 1, 2024|title=Grammy star Melanie Fiona|publisher=CBC News}}</ref> The first recorded song he put out was called "Do What You Do" on ''[[The N Soundtrack]]'' for [[The N]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://degrassi.ca/2002/04/01/noggin-tackles-tween-issues-with-degrassi-the-next-generation/|access-date=October 1, 2024|title=Noggin Tackles Tween Issues with "Degrassi: The Next Generation"|publisher=[[Viacom]]|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021162415/https://degrassi.ca/2002/04/01/noggin-tackles-tween-issues-with-degrassi-the-next-generation/|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> He uploaded music to his [[MySpace]] account including a [[Demo (music)|demo track]] of a song called "Brand New" which was first meant for another artist.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/radio/day6/mueller-report-saving-lives-in-mozambique-new-zealand-s-haka-myspace-megafail-cory-doctorow-and-more-1.5066299/myspace-played-a-big-role-in-hip-hop-history-now-much-of-that-record-is-gone-1.5066312|access-date=October 1, 2024|title=Myspace played a big role in hip-hop history. Now much of that record is gone|publisher=[[CBC Radio]]}}</ref><ref name="JasForbes">{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ogdenpayne/2017/02/27/meet-jas-prince-the-quiet-hand-responsible-for-discovering-drake/|access-date=October 1, 2024|title=How Jas Prince's 'God-Given Ear' Brought Drake From Overlooked Rapper To Global Phenom|publisher=Forbes}}</ref> On February 14, 2006, Drake [[Self-publishing|self-release]]d his first [[mixtape]] ''[[Room for Improvement]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.udiscovermusic.com/stories/drake-room-for-improvement-mixtape/|access-date=October 1, 2024|title='Room For Improvement': How Drake Set The Bar For Himself|publisher=[[Universal Music Group|UDiscover Music]]}}</ref> It sold around 6,000 copies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/ae/music/preview-drake-rises-from-the-rap-pack-with-a-moody-sensual-style-637301/?print=1|access-date=October 1, 2024|title=Preview: Drake rises from the rap pack with a moody, sensual style|publisher=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|archive-date=July 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729071901/http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/ae/music/preview-drake-rises-from-the-rap-pack-with-a-moody-sensual-style-637301/?print=1|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> After this, Drake performed at his first huge concert, [[Opening act|opening]] for [[Ice Cube]] in Toronto at the Kool Haus nightclub on August 19, 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://etcanada.com/news/937562/drake-remembers-earning-just-100-to-open-for-ice-cube-when-he-started-out/|access-date=October 1, 2024|title=Drake Remembers Earning Just $100 To Open For Ice Cube When He Started Out|publisher=[[Entertainment Tonight Canada]]|archive-date=October 19, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019193622/https://etcanada.com/news/937562/drake-remembers-earning-just-100-to-open-for-ice-cube-when-he-started-out/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Around this time, Drake created his own record label called [[OVO Sound|October's Very Own]]. He released his next mixtape, ''[[Comeback Season (mixtape)|Comeback Season]]'', on September 1, 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.udiscovermusic.com/stories/drake-comeback-season-second-mixtape/|access-date=August 15, 2024|title=‘Comeback Season’: How Drake’s Second Mixtape Brought Crossover Success|publisher=UDiscover Music}}</ref> The mixtape included the single "Replacement Girl" with American R&B singer [[Trey Songz]]. On the set of the music video for "Replacement Girl", Drake met his future producer [[40 (record producer)|Noah "40" Shebib]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thefader.com/2011/10/13/noah-40-shebib-best-he-ever-had|access-date=October 2, 2024|title=Noah “40” Shebib: Best He Ever Had|publisher=[[The Fader]]}}</ref> In 2008, Drake began to focus more on his music career after his character Jimmy Brooks along with many others were written out of ''[[Degrassi: The Next Generation]]''. Drake befriended [[Jas Prince]] and through his connections, Prince ended up playing Drake's music for American rapper [[Lil Wayne]].<ref name="JasForbes"/> Wayne was impressed and brought Drake along with him on his ''[[Tha Carter III]]'' tour.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thefader.com/2015/06/11/how-drake-met-lil-wayne-jas-prince-interview|access-date=October 2, 2024|title=The Untold Story Of How Drake Met Lil Wayne|publisher=The Fader}}</ref> On February 13, 2009, Drake released his third mixtape ''[[So Far Gone (mixtape)|So Far Gone]]''. The album was successful, with the singles "[[Best I Ever Had (Drake song)|Best I Ever Had]]" and "[[Successful (song)|Successful]]" both entering the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] chart and both reaching Platinum status by the [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&ar=Drake&ti=Best+I+Ever+Had&format=Single&type=#search_section|accessdate=October 2, 2024|title=Drake – Best I Ever Had|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&ar=Drake&ti=Successful&format=Single&type=#search_section|accessdate=October 2, 2024|title=Drake – Successful|publisher=Recording Industry Association of America}}</ref> The album was later re-released as an [[So Far Gone (EP)|extended play]] on September 15.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.udiscovermusic.com/stories/so-far-gone-drake-mixtape/|access-date=October 2, 2024|title=‘So Far Gone’: How Drake Sparked A Bidding War|publisher=uDiscover Music}}</ref> The EP version won [[Juno Award for Rap Recording of the Year|Rap Recording of the Year]] at the 2010 [[Juno Award]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/music/junos/article/797313--michael-buble-dominates-junos-with-four-awards?bn=1|access-date=October 2, 2024|title=Juno Awards show Michael Bublé some love|publisher=Toronto Star|archive-date=June 6, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606095812/https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/music/junos/article/797313--michael-buble-dominates-junos-with-four-awards?bn=1|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Around this time, Drake released the song "[[Forever (Drake, Kanye West, Lil Wayne, and Eminem song)|Forever]]" featuring the American rappers Lil Wayne, [[Kanye West]], and [[Eminem]] for the 2008 [[Lebron James]] documentary ''[[More than a Game]]''. After the success of the albums, a bidding war took place between record labels to sign him. Drake eventually signed with Lil Wayne's label [[Young Money Entertainment]] on June 29, 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1614953/drake-signs-with-lil-waynes-young-money-label/|access-date=October 2, 2024|title=Drake Signs With Lil Wayne's Young Money Label|publisher=[[MTV]]|archive-date=March 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306015207/http://www.mtv.com/news/1614953/drake-signs-with-lil-waynes-young-money-label/|url-status=dead}}</ref> On June 15, 2010, Drake released his first [[studio album]] ''[[Thank Me Later]]''. The album featured the singles "[[Over (Drake song)|Over]]", "[[Find Your Love]]", "[[Miss Me]]", and "[[Fancy (Drake song)|Fancy]]". It was certified 4× Platinum by the [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA). It sold 447,000 copies in its first week.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&ar=Drake&ti=Thank+Me+Later&format=Album&type=#search_section|accessdate=October 23, 2024|title=Drake – Thank Me Later|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/957659/drake-debuts-at-no-1-on-billboard-200|accessdate=October 23, 2024|title=Drake Debuts At No. 1 On Billboard 200|publisher=Billboard|archive-date=May 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506020941/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/957659/drake-debuts-at-no-1-on-billboard-200|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> To promote the album, Drake went on the 4-leg, 79 city [[Away from Home Tour]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2010/09/21/drake-lights-up-miami-at-tour-kickoff/|accessdate=October 23, 2024|title=Drake Lights Up Miami at Tour Kickoff|publisher=Rap-Up|archive-date=September 24, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924034606/http://www.rap-up.com/2010/09/21/drake-lights-up-miami-at-tour-kickoff/|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> The tour was very successful and Drake started his own festival called OVO Festival in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hiphopwired.com/2010/05/20/drake-announces-new-tour-dates-ovo-festival/|accessdate=October 23, 2024|title=Drake Announces New Tour Dates, OVO Festival|publisher=HipHopWired}}</ref> Drake released his second studio album ''[[Take Care]]'' on November 17, 2011. The album featured the singles "[[Marvins Room]]", "[[Headlines (Drake song)|Headlines]]", "[[Make Me Proud]]", "[[The Motto (Drake song)|The Motto]]", "[[Take Care (song)|Take Care]]", "[[HYFR (Hell Ya Fucking Right)]]", and "[[Crew Love]]". It was certified 8× Platinum by the [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA). It sold 631,000 copies in its first week.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&ar=Drake&ti=Take+Care&format=Album&type=#search_section|accessdate=January 17, 2025|title=Drake – Take Care|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/464995/drakes-take-care-blasts-onto-billboard-200|accessdate=January 17, 2025|title=Drake's 'Take Care' Blasts Onto Billboard 200|publisher=Billboard}}</ref> The album saw Drake perform more melodically and featured him singing more than his last album. It featured artists such as [[Rihanna]], [[The Weeknd]], and Lil Wayne. Drake won [[Grammy Award for Best Rap Album|Best Rap Album]] for ''Take Care'' at the [[55th Annual Grammy Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.grammy.com/awards/55th-annual-grammy-awards|accessdate=January 17, 2025|title=55th Annual Grammy Awards: Winners & Nominees|publisher=[[Grammy Awards]]}}</ref> To promote the album, Drake went on the 3-leg, 65 city [[Club Paradise Tour]]. The tour was very successful. It made $42 million and was also the most successful tour in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pollstarpro.com/files/charts2012/2012MidYearTop50WorldwideTours.pdf|accessdate=January 17, 2025|title=Top 50 Worldwide Tours|publisher=[[Pollstar]]|archive-date=January 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127013613/http://www.pollstarpro.com/files/charts2012/2012MidYearTop50WorldwideTours.pdf|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> The tour was opened by [[Kendrick Lamar]] and [[A$AP Rocky]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/music/a/complex/drake-announces-spring-edition-of-club-paradise-tour|accessdate=January 17, 2025|title=Drake Announces Spring Edition Of Club Paradise Tour|publisher=Complex}}</ref> The same year, Drake provided the voice of Ethan in the movie ''[[Ice Age: Continental Drift]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://exclaim.ca/music/article/drake_to_voice_character_in_new_ice_age_film|access-date=January 17, 2025|title=Drake to Voice Character in New Ice Age Film|publisher=[[Exclaim!]]}}</ref> Drake released his third studio album ''[[Nothing Was the Same]]'' on September 24, 2013. The album featured the singles "[[Started from the Bottom]]", "[[Hold On, We're Going Home]]", "[[All Me (Drake song)|All Me]]", "[[Pound Cake / Paris Morton Music 2|Pound Cake]]", "[[The Language]]", "[[Too Much (Drake song)|Too Much]]", and "[[Worst Behavior]]". It was certified 6× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It sold 658,000 copies in its first week and was the highest first week sales for a hip hop album since ''[[Tha Carter IV]]'' by [[Lil Wayne]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&ar=Drake&ti=Nothing+Was+the+Same&format=Album&type=#search_section|accessdate=June 11, 2025|title=Drake – Nothing Was the Same|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/5740738/drakes-nothing-was-the-same-debuts-at-no-1-on-billboard-200|accessdate=June 11, 2025|title=Drake's 'Nothing Was the Same' Debuts at No. 1 on Billboard 200|publisher=Billboard}}</ref> The song "Started From the Bottom" was nominated for [[Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance|Best Rap Performance]] and [[Grammy Award for Best Rap Song|Best Rap Song]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://music-mix.ew.com/2013/12/06/grammy-nominations-2014/|access-date=June 11, 2025|title=Grammy nominations 2014: See the list of nominees|publisher=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref> ''Nothing Was the Same'' was nominated for Best Rap Album but the award was won by [[Macklemore & Ryan Lewis]]'s ''[[The Heist (album)|The Heist]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/events/grammys-2014/5885341/grammy-awards-full-winners-list-2014-complete|accessdate=June 11, 2025|title=56th GRAMMY Awards: Full Winners List|publisher=Billboard}}</ref> Drake embarked on the [[Would You Like a Tour?]] to promote the album.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/51197-drake-announces-41-date-tour-with-miguel-and-future/|access-date=May 28, 2025|title=Drake Announces 41-Date Tour With Miguel and Future|publisher=[[Pitchfork Media|Pitchfork]]}}</ref> On February 12, 2015, Drake released his fourth mixtape ''[[If You're Reading This It's Too Late]]'' onto [[iTunes]]. He did this without any [[Surprise album|announcement]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/drake-releases-if-youre-reading-this-its-too-late-album-out-of-6472740/|accessdate=June 11, 2025|title=Drake Releases 'If You're Reading This It's Too Late' Album Out of Nowhere|publisher=Billboard}}</ref> The mixtape included the singles "[[Preach (Drake song)|Preach]]" and "[[Energy (Drake song)|Energy]]". It was certified 4× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It sold 535,000 copies in its first week.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&ar=Drake&ti=If+You%27re+Reading+This+Its+Too+Late&format=Album&type=#search_section|accessdate=June 11, 2025|title=Drake – If You're Reading This Its Too Late|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/6473126/billboard-200-drake-surprise-album-debuts-at-no-1-fifty-shades|accessdate=June 11, 2025|title=Drake's Surprise Mixtape Debuts at No. 1 on Billboard 200|publisher=Billboard}}</ref> The mixtape was nominated for Best Rap Album at the 2016 Grammy Awards. It was also placed on [[Rolling Stone]]'s list of the [[500 Greatest Albums of All Time]] at #367.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-grammys-2016-nominees-winners-list-story.html|accessdate=June 11, 2025|title=2016 Grammy Awards: Complete list of nominees|publisher=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/best-albums-of-all-time-1062063/drake-if-youre-reading-this-its-too-late-4-1062866/|accessdate=June 11, 2025|title=The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time|publisher=[[Rolling Stone]]}}</ref> ==Discography== {{Main|Drake albums discography|Drake singles discography}} '''Solo studio albums''' {{div col}} * ''[[Thank Me Later]]'' (2010) * ''[[Take Care (album)|Take Care]]'' (2011) * ''[[Nothing Was the Same]]'' (2013) * ''[[Views (album)|Views]]'' (2016) * ''[[Scorpion (Drake album)|Scorpion]]'' (2018) * ''[[Certified Lover Boy]]'' (2021) * ''[[Honestly, Nevermind]]'' (2022) * ''[[For All the Dogs]]'' (2023) {{div col end}} '''Collaborative studio albums''' * ''[[Her Loss]]'' (with [[21 Savage]]) (2022) * ''[[Some Sexy Songs 4 U]]'' (with [[PartyNextDoor]]) (2025) ==Tours== ===Headlining=== * [[Away from Home Tour]] (2010) * [[Club Paradise Tour]] (2012) * [[Would You Like a Tour?]] (2013–2015) * [[Boy Meets World Tour]] (2017) * [[Assassination Vacation Tour]] (2019) * [[Anita Max Win Tour]] (2025) ===Co-headlining=== * [[America's Most Wanted Tour]] {{small|(with [[Young Money]])}} (2009) * [[Drake vs. Lil Wayne]] {{small|(with [[Lil Wayne]])}} (2014) * [[Summer Sixteen Tour]] {{small|(with [[Future (rapper)|Future]])}} (2016) * [[Aubrey & the Three Migos Tour]] {{small|(with [[Migos]])}} (2018) * [[It's All a Blur Tour]] {{small|(with [[21 Savage]] & [[J. Cole]])}} (2023–2024) ==Filmography== {{Main|Drake videography}} ===Movie=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Film ! Role ! class="unsortable" | Notes |- | 2007 | ''[[Charlie Bartlett]]'' | A/V Jones | Minor role |- | 2008 | ''Mookie's Law'' | Chet Walters | Short film |- | 2011 | ''[[Speedy Singhs|Breakaway]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cinehour.com/news/bollywood/6163/anupam-kher-shoots-with-drake-for-amp039breakawayamp039.html|title=Anupam Kher shoots with Drake for 'Breakaway'|publisher=Cinehour.com|date=October 22, 2010|access-date=February 21, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708154858/http://www.cinehour.com/news/bollywood/6163/anupam-kher-shoots-with-drake-for-amp039breakawayamp039.html|archive-date=July 8, 2011}}</ref> | Himself | Cameo |- | 2012 | ''[[Ice Age: Continental Drift]]'' | Ethan | Voice role |- | 2013 | ''[[Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues]]'' | Ron Burgundy fan | rowspan="2"| Cameo |- | 2014 | ''[[Think Like a Man Too]]'' | rowspan="4"| Himself |- | rowspan="2"| 2017 | ''[[6ix Rising]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/zmz9k4/watch-6ix-rising-our-definitive-look-at-torontos-emerging-rap-scene|title=Watch '6IX RISING,' Our Definitive Look at Toronto's Rap Scene|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=November 21, 2017|access-date=March 5, 2022}}</ref> | [[Noisey]] documentary |- | data-sort-value="Carter Effect, The" | ''[[The Carter Effect]]'' | Documentary, also executive producer |- | 2019 | ''Remember Me, Toronto'' | Documentary by [[Mustafa the Poet]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/music/2019/03/drake-featured-mustafa-the-poet-short-film-remember-me-toronto-gun-violence|title=Drake Featured in Mustafa the Poet's Short Film on Toronto's Gun Violence|first=Joe|last=Price|website=Complex|date=March 18, 2019}}</ref> |- | 2022 | ''[[Black Ice (2022 film)|Black Ice]]''<ref>{{cite web|last=Hayes|first=Dade|title=SpringHill, DreamCrew And Uninterrupted Canada Team For Hockey Doc 'Black Ice', With Drake And LeBron James Exec Producing|url=https://deadline.com/2021/07/springhill-dreamcrew-uninterrupted-canada-lebron-james-drake-hockey-documentary-black-ice-1234801537/|publisher=Deadline|date=July 29, 2021|access-date=July 29, 2021}}</ref> | {{N/a|None}} | rowspan="2"| Documentary, executive producer |- | 2023 | ''For Khadija''<ref>{{cite web|last=St. Louis|first=Tai|title=French Montana Says His Documentary Executive Produced By Drake Is Done|url=https://hiphopdx.com/news/french-montana-documentary-executive-produced-drake|publisher=HipHopDX|date=January 8, 2023|access-date=January 9, 2023}}</ref> | {{N/a|None}} |- |} ===Television=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! class="unsortable" | Notes |- | 2001 | ''[[Blue Murder (Canadian TV series)|Blue Murder]]'' | Joey Tamarin | Episode: "Out-of-Towners: Part 1" |- | 2001–2008 | ''[[Degrassi: The Next Generation]]'' | [[Jimmy Brooks|James "Jimmy" Brooks]] | Main role; 100 episodes |- | rowspan=2|2002 | ''[[Soul Food (TV series)|Soul Food]]'' | Fredrick | Episode: "From Dreams to Nightmares" |- | ''Conviction'' | Teen Fish | Television film |- | rowspan=2|2005 | ''Best Friend's Date'' | Dater | Episode: "Season Finale" |- | ''[[Instant Star]]'' | Himself | Episode: "Personality Crisis" |- | 2008 | data-sort-value="Border, The" | ''[[The Border (TV series)|The Border]]'' | PFC Gordon Harvey | Episode: "Stop Loss" |- | rowspan=3|2009 | ''[[Being Erica]]'' | Ken | Episode: "What I Am Is What I Am" |- | ''[[Sophie (TV series)|Sophie]]'' | Ken | Episode: "An Outing with Sophie" |- | ''[[Beyond the Break]]'' | rowspan="2"| Himself | Episode: "One 'Elle' of a Party" |- | rowspan="2" | 2010 | ''[[When I Was 17]]'' | Episode: "Drake, [[Jennie Finch]] & [[Queen Latifah]]" |- | ''Drake: Better Than Good Enough'' | Himself | [[MTV]] documentary |- | rowspan="2"| 2011 |''[[Juno Awards of 2011|Juno Awards]]'' |Host |Television special |- | ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' | Himself (musical guest) | Episode: "[[Anna Faris]]/Drake" |- | 2012 | ''[[Punk'd]]'' | Himself | Episode: "Drake/[[Kim Kardashian]]" |- | 2014, 2016 | ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' | Himself (host/musical guest) | Episode: "Drake" |- | rowspan=2|2018 | data-sort-value="Shop, The" | ''[[The Shop]]'' | rowspan=2|Himself | Episode 2 |- | data-sort-value="Egos, The" | ''The Egos'' | Episode: "OMP: Drake" |- | 2019– | ''[[Euphoria (American TV series)|Euphoria]]'' | {{N/a|None}} | rowspan=4|Executive producer |- | 2019–2023 | ''[[Top Boy]]'' | {{N/a|None}} |- | 2021–2022 | ''[[Chillin' Island]]'' | {{N/a|None}} |- | 2023 | ''[[Saint X]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2022/03/victoria-pedretti-star-saint-x-hulu-series-1234989875/|title=Victoria Pedretti To Headline 'Saint X' Hulu Drama Series|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|first=Nellie|last=Andreeva|date=March 29, 2022|access-date=March 21, 2023}}</ref> | {{N/a|None}} |- |} == Personal life == Drake is a father to a son named Adonis with French artist Sophie Brussaux.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kiefer|first=Halle|date=June 29, 2018|title=Drake Confirms He Has a Son on His New Album ''Scorpion''|work=Vulture|url=https://www.vulture.com/2018/06/drake-confirms-he-has-a-son-on-his-new-album-scorpion.html|access-date=June 29, 2018}}</ref> In March 2020, Drake contracted [[COVID-19]]. He became one of the first high-profile celebrities to contract the virus. He mentioned that the virus had caused him to lose his hair which later came back.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://people.com/health/drake-reveals-he-had-covid-and-hair-loss-was-a-lingering-side-effect/|accessdate=October 5, 2024|title=Drake Reveals He Had COVID and Hair Loss Was a Lingering Side Effect: 'It's Coming Back'|publisher=People}}</ref> He later had to postpone some Young Money reunion shows with [[Lil Wayne]] and [[Nicki Minaj]] because he had contracted COVID-19 again.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/drake-has-covid-cancels-young-money-reunion-show-1235120732/|accessdate=October 5, 2024|title=Drake Tests Positive for COVID-19, Postpones Young Money Reunion Show: ‘I Am Truly Devastated’|publisher=Billboard}}</ref> In October 2023, Drake signed a letter along with other artists which called for a [[Artists4Ceasefire|ceasefire]] in the [[Israel–Hamas war]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vibe.com/news/entertainment/drake-israel-palestinian-conflict-ceasefire-1234807403/|accessdate=October 5, 2024|title=Drake Breaks Silence On Israel-Palestinian Conflict, Signs Ceasefire Letter|publisher=Vibe}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commons category|Drake}} * {{official website|http://www.drakeofficial.com}} * {{IMDb name|1013044|Aubrey Graham}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Drake}} [[Category:Drake (musician)| ]] [[Category:1986 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:21st-century Canadian singer-songwriters]] [[Category:African-American rappers]] [[Category:Brit Award winners]] [[Category:Canadian businesspeople]] [[Category:Canadian child actors]] [[Category:Canadian hip hop singers]] [[Category:Canadian Jews]] [[Category:Canadian movie actors]] [[Category:Canadian rappers]] [[Category:Canadian television actors]] [[Category:Canadian voice actors]] [[Category:Canadian philanthropists]] [[Category:Canadian pop singers]] [[Category:Canadian songwriters]] [[Category:Trap musicians]] [[Category:Urban pop musicians]] [[Category:Canadian Grammy Award winners]] [[Category:Jewish actors]] [[Category:Jewish musicians]] [[Category:Jewish writers]] [[Category:Pop rappers]] [[Category:R&B singers]] [[Category:Writers from Toronto]] {{multistub|bio|Canada}} qgohbpm4ed4zd01ydn7bwldrc7ncihq 0 213345 10368566 10084387 2025-07-03T00:22:02Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ US-EN 10368566 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} [[File:I Love Lucy Cast.JPG|thumb|300px|Publicity photo of the ''I Love Lucy'' cast: William Frawley (Fred Mertz), Desi Arnaz (Ricky Ricardo), Vivian Vance (Ethel Mertz), Lucille Ball (Lucy Ricardo)]] '''''I Love Lucy''''' is an [[United States|American]] [[sitcom]]. It stars [[Lucille Ball]], [[Desi Arnaz]], [[Vivian Vance]], and [[William Frawley]]. It was written by television writer [[Bob Schiller]]. The black-and-white series first ran from 15 October 1951 to 6 May 1957 on [[Columbia Broadcasting System|CBS]]. Even after the series ended in 1957, it continued for three more seasons with 13 one-hour specials. This show ran from 1957 to 1960. It was known first as ''[[The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour|The Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Show]]'' and later in [[rerun]]s as ''[[The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour]]''. The series is about two married couples living in [[New York City]]: Ricky and Lucy Ricardo, and oldsters Fred and Ethel Mertz. They all live in the same [[apartment]] building. Ricky is a [[nightclub]] [[Bandleader|band leader]]. Lucy is a [[housewife]]. Many [[episode]]s revolve around Lucy's attempts to get into Ricky's show. She often pulls Fred and Ethel into her [[scheme]]s. In one episode, Lucy and Ethel are [[assembly line]] workers in a candy [[factory]]. They cannot keep up with packaging the candy so they eat it. In another episode, Lucy gets drunk on a health tonic while shooting a television [[Television advertisement|commercial]]. Four or five episodes follow the couples on trips to [[Italy]] and to [[Hollywood]]. Ball and Arnaz were real-life husband and wife. They became the parents of a boy during the run of the series. This event was woven into the series. A child actor played their son "Little Ricky". Eventually they would all move to a [[rural]] area in [[Connecticut]]. ''I Love Lucy'' was the most watched series in the [[United States]] in four of its six seasons. It was the first to end its run at the top of the [[Nielsen ratings]]. ''I Love Lucy'' is still [[syndicated]] in dozens of languages around the world. The series was the first scripted [[television program]] to be shot on [[35 mm film]] in front of a [[studio]] [[audience]]. The show won five [[Emmy Awards]], and received numerous [[nominations]]. In 2002, it ranked second on [[TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time]].<ref name="top50shows">{{cite news |title=''TV Guide'' Names Top 50 Shows |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/04/26/entertainment/main507388.shtml |publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=2002-04-26 |accessdate=2007-10-06 |archive-date=2002-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020802082054/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/04/26/entertainment/main507388.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2007, it was listed as one of ''Time'' magazine's "100 Best TV Shows of All-''TIME''."<ref name="Time 100">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1651341_1659192_1652529,00.html |title=The 100 Best TV Shows of All-''TIME'' |first=James |last=Poniewozik |authorlink=James Poniewozik |magazine=Time |publisher=Time.com |accessdate=March 4, 2010 |date=September 6, 2007 |archive-date=October 11, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011152931/http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1651341_1659192_1652529,00.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''I Love Lucy'' remains very popular today. It is still seen by 40 million Americans each year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/love-lucy-live-1037282/|title=I Love Lucy Goes Live! - TV Guide|date=14 September 2011|website=TVGuide.com}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == *{{imdb title|0043208}} [[Category:1950s American television series]] [[Category:1951 television series debuts]] [[Category:1957 television series endings]] [[Category:American sitcoms]] [[Category:Black and white television series]] [[Category:Television series set in Connecticut]] [[Category:Television series set in New York City]] [[Category:Emmy Award winning programs]] [[Category:CBS network shows]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] hvvpq4ew1l5jcvyrvjtuyxeg8r3j5mm 0 213376 10367912 8916530 2025-07-02T16:50:58Z Infinitehoax 1629455 Revamped the article with more info and added images as an example. 10367912 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Variation''' in [[biology]] means the differences between [[organism]]s in a [[species]]. These differences can be observed in how they appear, how their bodies function, or how they behave. For example, variation in the human species includes differences in height, skin color, eye color, and blood type. No two individuals are exactly the same. Variation is important for the study of [[genetics]], [[evolution]], and [[population]]s. There are two main causes for variation: [[genetics]] and the [[environment]]. == Sources of variation == === Genetic variation === This is a variation in the [[DNA]] of individuals. It is [[heritable]], which means it can be passed from parents to their children. Genetic variation is the basis of evolution. It comes from two main sources: * '''Mixing genes''': In [[sexual reproduction]], an offspring gets a unique mix of [[gene]]s from both parents. The shuffling of genes creates new combinations of traits. This is why children look a bit like their parents but are not identical to them. * '''[[Mutation]]''': A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA. Mutations are the source of all '''new''' genetic traits. Most mutations have no effect or are harmful, but some can cause a new, helpful trait to appear. === Environmental variation === These are differences caused by an organism's life and surroundings, not by its genes. This kind of variation is not passed down to the children. For example, a plant with genes to be tall might not grow tall if it does not get enough water, sun, and food. A person who exercises a lot will build muscle, but their children will not be born with large muscles. == Why variation is important == Variation is necessary for [[evolution]] by [[natural selection]]. Natural selection is the process by which living things with beneficial traits are more likely to survive and have offspring. For this to happen, there must be a variety of traits to "select" from. Variation provides this variety. [[File:Biston.betularia.7200.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|White-bodied [[peppered moth]] ]] [[File:Biston.betularia.f.carbonaria.7209.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|Black-bodied peppered moth ]] A famous example is the [[peppered moth]]: # In England, most peppered moths were light-colored, which [[camouflage]]d them on light-colored trees. A few had a mutation that made them dark-colored. # When factories made the trees dark with soot, the light moths were easy for birds to see and eat. # The dark moths, however, were now camouflaged. They survived better and had more babies. # Over time, most of the moths in the population became dark. If there had been no dark moths (no variation), the species might have died out when the environment changed. {{wiktionary}} {{-}} {{biology-stub}} [[Category:Evolutionary biology]] [[Category:Classical genetics]] irq7a2o0q150sogkzmq069in77175sn 0 216948 10367691 10298913 2025-07-02T13:32:42Z 212.219.116.205 10367691 wikitext text/x-wiki {{No sources|date=November 2024}} {{Infobox football club | clubname = FC Barcelona | image = https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/47/FC_Barcelona_%28crest%29.svg | upright = 0.8 | fullname = Futbol Club Barcelona | nickname = ''Barça'' or ''FC Barca '' (team)<br />''Culers'' or ''Barcelonistes'' (supporters)<br />''Blaugranes'' or ''Azulgranas''<!-- in Catalan, it is always blaugrana (singular) or blaugranes (plural), while in Spanish the Catalan word "blaugrana" is often used as well as the Spanish word "azulgrana" --> (supporters) | founded = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1899|11|29}}<br />as ''Foot-Ball Club Barcelona'' | ground = [[Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys]] | capacity = 55,926<ref name="stadium">{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/club/facilites-and-services/camp_nou|title=Camp Nou|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=26 December 2020|archive-date=9 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609044121/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/club/facilites-and-services/camp_nou|url-status=live}}</ref> | chrtitle = President | chairman = Joan Laporta | mgrtitle = Head coach | manager = [[Hansi Flick]] | league = [[La Liga]] | season = [[2024-25]] | position = ESL | current = 2024-25 FC Barcelona season | website = http://www.fcbarcelona.com | pattern_la1 = _barcelona70 | pattern_b1 = _barcelona70 | pattern_ra1 = _barcelona70 | pattern_sh1 = | leftarm1 = 262764 | body1 = 262764 | rightarm1 = 262764 | shorts1 = 262764 | socks1 = 262764 | pattern_la2 = _redblueborder | pattern_b2 = _ind18h | pattern_ra2 = _redblueborder | pattern_sh2 = | leftarm2 = FF7000 | body2 = FF7000 | rightarm2 = FF7000 | shorts2 = FF7000 | socks2 = FF7000 | pattern_la3 = _wolfsburg2425h | pattern_b3 = _wolfsburg2425h | pattern_ra3 = _wolfsburg2425h | pattern_sh3 = | leftarm3 = 81F733 | body3 = 81F733 | rightarm3 = 81F733 | shorts3 = 0000BB | socks3 = 81F733 | stadium = Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys }}[[File:Camp Nou més que un club.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Més que un club (in [[Catalan language|Catalan]]): ''More than a club''.]] '''Futbol Club Barcelona''' commonly known as '''Barcelona''' or simply '''Barça,''' is a [[Spain|Spanish]] [[professional]] [[Association football|football]] club from [[Barcelona]], [[Catalonia]]. They currently compete in [[La Liga|ESL]], the top european league. It was founded in 1899 by [[Joan Gamper]] as FC Barcelona. They are known for winning the treble (La Liga, the [[Copa del Rey|Copa Del Rey]], and the [[UEFA Champions League]]) all in 1 season, twice, in the [[2008-09 FC Barcelona season|2008-09]] season and in the [[2014-15 FC Barcelona season|2014-15]] season. Their biggest rival is [[Real Madrid]]. Matches between F.C. Barcelona and Real Madrid are called "[[El Clásico]]", which means "The Classic" in Spanish. The team has won many tournaments, which is why Barcelona is considered one of the best teams in the world. Their home stadium, [[Camp Nou]], is the largest stadium in [[Europe]] with a capacity of 99,354.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Camp Nou|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/club/facilities/camp-nou|access-date=28 May 2021|website=fcbarcelona.com|language=en}}</ref> Barcelona have won 97 official titles. They are the most successful club in Spain, with 75 titles. Those domestic titles are 31 [[Copa del Rey]], 26 La Liga, 13 [[Supercopa de España]], 3 [[:en:Copa Eva Duarte|Copa Eva Duarte]], and two [[:en:Copa de la Liga|Copa de la Liga]]. Internationally, the club is also one of the most successful. It has won 22 official titles, including two [[:en:Latin Cup|Latin Cup]], three [[:en:Inter-Cities Fairs Cup|Inter-Cities Fairs Cup]], five [[UEFA Champions League]], four [[UEFA Super Cup]], four [[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]], and three [[FIFA Club World Cup]]. Barcelona is one of the three clubs that have never been relegated from the first division. The other ones are [[Athletic Bilbao]] and Real Madrid. == History == FC Barcelona was founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss, Spanish, English, and Catalan footballers led by [[Joan Gamper Trophy|Joan Gamper]]. The club won its first Copa del Rey in 1910, and their first league title in 1929. The club was forced to change their name in 1938 to '''Club de Futbol Barcelona''' and also had to remove the Catalan flag from the crest. This happened because of [[Italy|Italian]] rule. In 1957, the [[Camp Nou]] opened. In 1974, the club changed its name back to '''Futbol Club Barcelona''' and went back to using the original crest with the Catalan flag and the red and blue colors. Barcelona won their first [[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]] in 1979 against [[Fortuna Düsseldorf]], and won again three years later. A year later, in 1983, the club won their first [[Supercopa de España]]. The club won its first Champions League in 1992 against [[U.C. Sampdoria]]. In 1992, they also achieved a treble, winning their first [[UEFA Super Cup]] and the league title, along with the Champions League. From 1990 to 1994, Barcelona won four consecutive league titles with [[Johan Cruyff]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=The History of FC Barcelona - Decade by decade|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/club/history/decade-by-decade|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128154557/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/club/history/decade-by-decade|archive-date=28 January 2021|access-date=10 February 2021|website=www.fcbarcelona.com|language=en}}</ref> == Rivalries == The club's main rival is Real Madrid, but it also has more rivalries. It has a local rivalry with [[RCD Espanyol]], since both clubs are from the city of Barcelona. Matches between the two clubs are known as [[Derbi barceloní]]. Espanyol supporters used to see FC Barcelona as a [[wiktionary:foreign|foreign]] team because Espanyol were a Spanish club, unlike Barcelona. Barcelona has been very dominant because Espanyol has only been able to finish above Barcelona in the league on 3 occasions in 70 years. == League position == * '''1929: [[La Liga]] - Champions''' * 1929/30: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1930/31: [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1931/32: [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1932/33: [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1933/34: [[La Liga]] - 9th * 1934/35: [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1935/36: [[La Liga]] - 5th * 1939/40: [[La Liga]] - 9th * 1940/41: [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1941/42: [[La Liga]] - 12th * 1942/43: [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1943/44: [[La Liga]] - 6th * '''1944/45: [[La Liga]] - Champions''' * 1945/46: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1946/47: [[La Liga]] - 4th * '''1947/48: [[La Liga]] - Champions''' * '''1948/49: [[La Liga]] - Champions''' * 1949/50: [[La Liga]] - 5th * 1950/51: [[La Liga]] - 4th * '''1951/52: [[La Liga]] - Champions''' * '''1952/53: [[La Liga]] - Champions''' * 1953/54: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1954/55: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1955/56: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1956/57: [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1957/58: [[La Liga]] - 3rd * '''1958/59: [[La Liga]] - Champions''' * '''1959/60: [[La Liga]] - Champions''' * 1960/61: [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1961/62: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1962/63: [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1963/64: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1964/65: [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1965/66: [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1966/67: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1967/68: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1968/69: [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1969/70: [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1970/71: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1971/72: [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1972/73: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * '''1973/74: [[La Liga]] - Champions''' * 1974/75: [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1975/76: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1976/77: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1977/78: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1978/79: [[La Liga]] - 5th * 1979/80: [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1980/81: [[La Liga]] - 5th * 1981/82: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1982/83: [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1983/84: [[La Liga]] - 3rd * '''1984/85: [[La Liga]] - Champions''' * 1985/86: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1986/87: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1987/88: [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1988/89: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1989/90: [[La Liga]] - 3rd * '''1990/91: [[La Liga]] - Champions''' * '''1991/92: [[La Liga]] - Champions''' * '''1992/93: [[La Liga]] - Champions''' * '''1993/94: [[La Liga]] - Champions''' * 1994/95: [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1995/96: [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1996/97: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * '''1997/98: [[La Liga]] - Champions''' * '''1998/99: [[La Liga]] - Champions''' * 1999–00: [[La Liga]] - 2nd {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" !Season!!Division!!Position |- bgcolor="white" |'''2000–01'''||'''[[La Liga]]''' ||'''4th''' |- bgcolor="white" |'''2001–02'''||'''[[La Liga]]''' ||'''4th''' |- bgcolor="white" |'''2002–03'''||'''[[La Liga]]''' ||6th |- bgcolor="silver" |'''2003–04'''||'''[[La Liga]]''' ||'''2nd''' |- bgcolor="gold" |'''2004–05'''||'''[[La Liga]]''' ||'''Champions''' |- bgcolor="gold" |'''2005–06'''||'''[[La Liga]]''' ||'''Champions''' |- bgcolor="silver" |'''2006–07'''||'''[[La Liga]]''' ||'''2nd''' |- bgcolor="white" |'''2007–08'''||'''[[La Liga]]''' ||'''3rd''' |- bgcolor="gold" |'''2008–09'''||'''[[La Liga]]''' ||'''Champions''' |- bgcolor="gold" |'''[[2009–10 La Liga|2009–10]]'''||'''[[La Liga]]''' ||'''Champions''' |- bgcolor="gold" |'''[[2010–11 FC Barcelona Season|2010–11]]'''||'''[[La Liga]]''' ||'''Champions''' |- bgcolor="silver" |'''[[2011–12 La Liga|2011–12]]'''||'''[[La Liga]]''' ||'''2nd''' |- bgcolor="gold" |'''[[2012–13 La Liga|2012–13]]'''||'''[[La Liga]]''' ||'''Champions''' |- bgcolor="silver" |'''[[2013–14 La Liga|2013–14]]'''||'''[[La Liga]]''' ||'''2nd''' |- bgcolor="gold" |'''[[2014–15 La Liga|2014–15]]''' |'''[[La Liga]]''' |'''Champions''' |- bgcolor="gold" |'''[[2015–16 La Liga|2015–16]]'''||'''[[La Liga]]''' |'''Champions''' |- bgcolor="silver" |'''[[2016-17 La Liga|2016–17]]''' |'''[[La Liga]]''' |'''2nd''' |- bgcolor="gold" |'''[[2017-18 La Liga|2017–18]]''' |'''[[La Liga]]''' |'''Champions''' |- bgcolor="gold" |'''[[2018–19 La Liga|2018–19]]''' |'''[[La Liga]]''' |'''Champions''' |- bgcolor="silver" |'''[[2019–20 La Liga|2019–20]]''' |'''[[La Liga]]''' |'''2nd''' |- bgcolor="white" |'''[[2020–21 La Liga|2020–21]]''' |'''[[La Liga]]''' |'''3rd''' |- bgcolor="silver" |'''[[2021-22 La Liga|2021-22]]''' |'''[[La Liga]]''' |'''2nd''' |- bgcolor="gold" |'''[[2022-23 La Liga|2022-23]]''' |'''[[La Liga]]''' |'''Champions''' |} == Honours == === Domestic Competitions<ref name="Honours - FCB">{{cite web|title=Honours|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/honours|access-date=29 May 2021|publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> === * '''[[La Liga]]''' **'''''Winners (26):''''' 1928/29, 1944/45, 1947/48, 1948/49, 1951/52, 1952/53, 1958/59, 1959/60, 1973/74, 1984/85, 1990/91, 1991/92, 1992/93, 1993/94, 1997/98, 1998/99, 2004/05, 2005/06, 2008/09, 2009/10, 2010/11, 2012/13, 2014–15, [[2015–16 La Liga|2015–16]], [[2017-18 La Liga|2017–18]], [[2018–19 La Liga|2018–19]] **''Runners-up (26):'' 1929/30, 1945/46, 1953/54, 1954/55, 1955/56, 1961/62, 1963/64, 1966/67, 1967/68, 1970/71, 1972/73, 1975/76, 1976/77, 1977/78, 1981/82, 1985/86, 1986/87, 1988/89, 1996/97, 1999/00, 2003/04, 2006/07, 2011–12, [[2013–14 La Liga|2013–14]], [[2016-17 La Liga|2016–17]], [[2019–20 La Liga|2019–20]] * '''[[Copa del Rey]]''' **'''''Winners (31):''''' 1910, 1912, 1913, 1920, 1922, 1925, 1926, 1928, 1942, 1951, 1952, 1952/53, 1957, 1958/59, 1962/63, 1967/68, 1970/71, 1977/78, 1980/81, 1982/83, 1987/88, 1989/90, 1996/97, 1997/98, 2008–09, 2011–12, 2014/15, 2015/16, 2016/17, 2017–18, 2020–21 **''Runners-up (11):'' 1901/02, 1918/19, 1931/32, 1935/36, 1953/54, 1973/74, 1983/84, 1985/86, 1995–96, 2013–14, [[2018–19 Copa del Rey|2018–19]] * '''[[Copa de la Liga]]''' **'''''Winners (2):''''' 1982–83, 1985–86 * '''[[Supercopa de España]]''' **'''''Winners (13):''''' 1983, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1996, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2016, 2018 **''Runners-up (11):'' 1985, 1988, 1990, 1993, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2021 * '''[[Copa Eva Duarte]]''' ''(The forerunner to the '''[[Supercopa de España]]''')'' **'''''Winners (3):''''' 1947, 1952, 1953. **''Runners-up (2):'' 1949, 1951 === European Competitions<ref name="Honours - FCB" /> === [[File:Celebrando la Copa de Campeones 2008-09.jpg|thumb|300px|Barcelona players celebrating victory in the [[2008–09 UEFA Champions League|2008–09 Champions League]]. They beat [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] 2–0.]] * '''[[European Cup]]'''/ '''[[UEFA Champions League]]''' **'''''Winners (5):''''' 1991–92, 2005–06, [[2008–09 UEFA Champions League|2008–09]], [[2010–11 UEFA Champions League|2010–11]], [[2014–15 UEFA Champions League|2014–15]] **''Runners-up (3):'' 1960–61, 1985–86, 1993–94. * '''[[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]]''' **'''''Winners (4):''''' 1978–79, 1981–82, 1988–89, 1996–97. **''Runners-up (2):'' 1968–69, 1990–91 * '''[[Inter-Cities Fairs Cup]]''' ''(The tournament before the '''[[UEFA Europa League]]''')'' **'''''Winners (3):''''' 1955/58, 1958/60, 1965/66. **''Runners-up (1):'' 1961/62 * '''[[UEFA Super Cup]]''' **'''''Winners (5):''''' 1992, 1997, 2009, [[2011 UEFA Super Cup|2011]], [[2015 UEFA Super Cup|2015]] **''Runners-up (4):'' 1979, 1982, 1989, 2006 === Major Worldwide Competitions<ref name="Honours - FCB" /> === * '''[[FIFA Club World Cup]]''' **'''''Winners (3):''''' 2009, 2011, [[2015 FIFA Club World Cup|2015]] **''Runners-up (1):'' 2006 == Players == === Current squad=== {{updated|April 2024}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/players |title=Players |publisher=FC Barcelona |access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref> <!----------------------------- READ THIS NOTICE FIRST BEFORE EDITING ---------------------------------- – Do NOT add new players before their signing is officially announced by the club through their website, including medical and signing the contract. A transfer fee agreed doesn't mean the player will sign. – Do NOT remove players before their exit is officially announced by the club. – Do NOT add or change squad numbers until it is official on the FC Barcelona website – Only add numberless players that are likely to become part of the first team – Pre-season numbers can be added temporarily with A REFERENCE – This is Wikipedia, not a football newspaper. Anything unconfirmed and unsourced will be removed on sight ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------> {{Fs start}} {{Fs player|no=1|pos=GK|nat=GER|name=[[Marc-André ter Stegen]]}} {{Fs player|no=13|pos=GK|nat=ESP|name=Iñaki Peña}} {{Fs player|no=25|pos=GK|nat=POL|name=Wojciech Szczesny|other=}} {{Fs player|no=4|pos=DF|nat=Uruguay|name=Ronald Araujo}} {{Fs player|no=23|pos=DF|nat=FRA|name=Jules Kounde|other=}} {{Fs player|no=6|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=Gavi}} {{Fs player|no=11|pos=FW|nat=Brazil|name=Raphinha}} {{Fs player|no=8|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=Pedri}} {{Fs player|no=7|pos=FW|nat=ESP|name=Ferran Torres}} {{Fs player|other=|no=2|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=Pau Cubarsi}} {{Fs player|no=9|pos=FW|nat=POL|name=Robert, Lewandowski|other=}} {{Fs player|no=15|pos=DF|nat=DEN|name=Andreas, Christensen}} {{Fs mid}} {{Fs player|no=16|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=Fermin Lopez}} {{Fs player|no=18|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=Oriol Romeu}} {{Fs player|no=21|pos=MF|nat=Netherlands|name=Frenkie De Jong}} {{Fs player|no=5|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=Inigo Martinez|other=}} {{Fs player|no=3|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=[[Alejandro Balde]]|other=}} {{Fs player|no=20|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Dani Olmo]]|other=}} {{Fs player|no=19|pos=FW|nat=ESP|name=[[Lamine Yamal]]}} {{Fs player|no=18|pos=FW|nat=ESP|name=Pau Victor}} {{Fs player|no=14|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Pablo Torre]]}} {{Fs player|no=28|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=Marc Bernal}} {{Fs player|no=24|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=Eric Garcia}} {{Fs player|no=35|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=Gerard Martin}} {{Fs end}} ===Barcelona B and Youth Academy=== {{main|FC Barcelona B|FC Barcelona (youth)}} {{Fs start}}{{Fs player|nat=BRA|pos=FW|name=Giovanni|no=7}}{{Fs player|nat=BRA|pos=MF|name=Anderson|no=17}} {{Fs player|no=27|pos=GK|nat=MNE|name=Lazar Carević}}{{Fs player|nat=USA|pos=CB|name=Cameron Carter-Vickers|no=5}} {{Fs player|no=28|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Nico González (footballer, born 2002)|Nico González]]}} {{Fs player|no=29|pos=FW|nat=ESP|name=[[Ferran Jutglà]]}} {{Fs player|no=30|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=Gavi}} {{Fs player|no=3|pos=DF|nat=DOM|name=Alejandro Balde}} {{Fs player|no=27|pos=FW|nat=MAR|name=Abde}}{{Fs player|nat=USA|pos=FW|name=Mareen-Hailey Selassie|no=11}}{{Fs player|nat=MEX|pos=MF|name=Eugenio, Pizzuto|other=|no=6}} {{Fs player|no=34|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Álvaro Sanz]]}} {{Fs mid}} {{Fs player|no=35|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=Arnau Comas}} {{Fs player|no=36|pos=GK|nat=|name=}} {{Fs player|no=37|pos=FW|nat=ESP|name=[[Ilias Akhomach]]}} {{Fs player|no=38|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=[[Guillem Jaime]]|other=}} {{Fs player|no=39|pos=FW|nat=ESP|name=[[Estanis Pedrola]]|other=}} {{Fs player|no=40|pos=MF|nat=BRA|name=Lucas de Vega|other=}} {{Fs player|no=41|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=Mika Màrmol|other=}} {{Fs end}} ===Other players under contract=== {{Fs start}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=DF|nat=SEN|name=[[Moussa Wagué]]}} {{Fs end}} ===Out on loan=== {{Fs start}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Álex Collado]]|other=at [[Granada CF|Granada]] until 30 June 2022}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=MF|nat=BRA|name=[[Philippe Coutinho]]|other=at [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]] until 30 June 2022}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=MF|nat=BIH|name=[[Miralem Pjanić]]|other=at [[Beşiktaş J.K.|Beşiktaş]] until 30 June 2022}} {{Fs mid}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=FW|nat=FRA|name=[[Antoine Griezmann]]|other=at [[Atlético Madrid]] until 30 June 2022}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=FW|nat=ALB|name=[[Rey Manaj]]|other=at [[Spezia Calcio|Spezia]] until 30 June 2022}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=FW|nat=POR|name=[[Francisco Trincão]]|other=at [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton]] until 30 June 2022}} {{Fs end}} === Dream Team === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Position !Name !Nationality ! |- | |Vitor Bahía |POR | |- | |Robert, Enke |GER | |- | |Rüstü |TUR | |- | |Albert, Ferrer |CAT | |- | |Michael, Reiziger |NED | |- | |Ronald, Koeman |NED | |- | |Sergi, Barjuan |CAT | |- | |Ivan, De la Peña |CAT | |- | |Michael, Laudrup |DEN | |- | |Denílson |BRA | |- | |Rivaldo |BRA | |- | |Carles Puyol |CAT | |- | |Sony, Anderson |BRA | |- | |Giovanni |BRA | |- | colspan="4" |.... |} == References == {{reflist}} == Related pages == * [[Camp Nou]] * [[FC Barcelona B]] * [[Mini Estadi]] * [[Barcelona]] * [[Catalonia]] == Other websites == * [http://www.fcbarcelona.com/ FC Barcelona official website] {{La Liga teamlist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Barcelona}} [[Category:Spanish football clubs]] [[Category:FC Barcelona]] [[Category:Camp Nou]] [[Category:1899 establishments in Europe]] [[Category:1890s establishments in Spain]] 5usfni4mncdt0g1s44b0p6kvllgix0n 0 217478 10367623 10366764 2025-07-02T12:47:24Z 1.136.107.210 10367623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=December 2010}} {{Infobox musical artist | Name = Kutless | Img = Kutless band.jpg | Background = group_or_band | Origin = [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Oregon]], [[United States]] | Genre = [[Alternative rock]], [[Christian rock]], [[hard rock]], [[post-grunge]] | Years_active = 2000–present | Label = [[BEC Recordings|BEC]], Tooth & Nail | URL = [http://www.kutless.com Kutless.com] | Current_members = Jon Micah Sumrall<br />James Mead<br />Jeffrey Gilbert<br />Dave Luetkenhoelter<br />Nick De Partee | Past_members = Nathan "Stu" Stuart<br />Kyle Zeigler<br />Kyle Mitchell<br />Ryan Shrout }} '''Kutless''' is a Christian [[rock music|rock]] band formed in 2000. ==History== The band chose the name "Kutless" from a [[Bible]] verse, Romans 6:23. They chose this name because "[<nowiki></nowiki>[[Jesus]]<nowiki></nowiki>] took our cuts for us, leaving us 'Kutless.'"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bandnation.com/interviews/Kutless/ |title=Kutless Interview |accessdate=13 December 2009 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Members== ;Current * Jon Micah Sumrall – [[lead vocals]], [[rhythm guitar]], [[piano]] <small>(2000–present)</small> * James Mead – [[lead guitar]], backing vocals <small>(2001–present)</small> * Jeffrey Gilbert – [[drum kit|drums]] <small>(2005–present)</small> * Dave Luetkenhoelter – [[bass guitar]] <small>(2005–present)</small> * Nick DePartee – [[guitar]], backing vocals <small>(2007–present)</small> ;Former * Nathan "Stu" Stuart – bass guitar <small>(2000–2002)</small> * Kyle Zeigler – bass guitar <small>(2002–2005)</small> * Kyle Mitchell – drums <small>(2000–2005)</small> * Ryan Shrout – guitar, backing vocals <small>(2000–2007)</small> ==Studio albums== {| class="wikitable" width="70%" ! Year ! Title |- | align="center" | 2002 | align="left" | ''[[Kutless (album)|Kutless]]'' |- | align="center" | 2004 | align="left" | ''[[Sea of Faces]]'' |- | align="center" | 2005 | align="left" | ''[[Strong Tower]]'' |- | align="center" | 2006 | align="left" | ''[[Hearts of the Innocent]]'' |- | align="center" | 2008 | align="left" | ''[[To Know That You're Alive]]'' |- | align="center" | 2009 | align="left" | ''[[It Is Well (Kutless album)|It Is Well]]'' |- | align="center" | 2012 | align="left" | ''[[Believer]]'' |} ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:American rock bands]] [[Category:American hard rock bands]] [[Category:Grunge bands]] [[Category:Christian rock bands]] [[Category:Musical groups from Oregon]] [[Category:Musical groups established in 2000]] [[Category:2000 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:21st-century establishments in Oregon]] n8ehanto8daebyjnhv8fuz1n95peb69 10367624 10367623 2025-07-02T12:47:38Z 1.136.107.210 10367624 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=December 2010}} {{Infobox musical artist | Name = Kutless | Img = Kutless band.jpg | Background = group_or_band | Origin = [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Oregon]], [[United States]] | Genre = [[Alternative rock]], [[Christian rock]], [[hard rock]], [[post-grunge]] | Years_active = 2000–present | Label = [[BEC Recordings|BEC]], Tooth & Nail | URL = [http://www.kutless.com Kutless.com] | Current_members = Jon Micah Sumrall<br />James Mead<br />Jeffrey Gilbert<br />Dave Luetkenhoelter<br />Nick De Partee | Past_members = Nathan "Stu" Stuart<br />Kyle Zeigler<br />Kyle Mitchell<br />Ryan Shrout }} '''Kutless''' is a Christian [[rock music|rock]] band formed in 2000. ==History== The band chose the name "Kutless" from a [[Bible]] verse, Romans 6:23. They chose this name because "[<nowiki></nowiki>[[Jesus]]<nowiki></nowiki>] took our cuts for us, leaving us 'Kutless.'"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bandnation.com/interviews/Kutless/ |title=Kutless Interview |accessdate=13 December 2009 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Members== ;Current * Jon Micah Sumrall – [[lead vocals]], [[rhythm guitar]], [[piano]] <small>(2000–present)</small> * James Mead – [[lead guitar]], backing vocals <small>(2001–present)</small> * Jeffrey Gilbert – [[drum kit|drums]] <small>(2005–present)</small> * Dave Luetkenhoelter – [[bass guitar]] <small>(2005–present)</small> * Nick DePartee – [[guitar]], backing vocals <small>(2007–present)</small> ;Former * Nathan "Stu" Stuart – bass guitar <small>(2000–2002)</small> * Kyle Zeigler – bass guitar <small>(2002–2005)</small> * Kyle Mitchell – drums <small>(2000–2005)</small> * Ryan Shrout – guitar, backing vocals <small>(2000–2007)</small> ==Studio albums== {| class="wikitable" width="70%" ! Year ! Title |- | align="center" | 2002 | align="left" | ''[[Kutless (album)|Kutless]]'' |- | align="center" | 2004 | align="left" | ''[[Sea of Faces]]'' |- | align="center" | 2005 | align="left" | ''[[Strong Tower]]'' |- | align="center" | 2006 | align="left" | ''[[Hearts of the Innocent]]'' |} ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:American rock bands]] [[Category:American hard rock bands]] [[Category:Grunge bands]] [[Category:Christian rock bands]] [[Category:Musical groups from Oregon]] [[Category:Musical groups established in 2000]] [[Category:2000 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:21st-century establishments in Oregon]] 4rhqidj01yq0w6bexmef0xoi4mwphwv 10367625 10367624 2025-07-02T12:49:10Z 1.136.107.210 10367625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=December 2010}} {{Infobox musical artist | Name = Kutless | Img = Kutless band.jpg | Background = group_or_band | Origin = [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Oregon]], [[United States]] | Genre = [[Alternative rock]], [[Christian rock]], [[hard rock]], [[post-grunge]] | Years_active = 2000–present | Label = [[BEC Recordings|BEC]], Tooth & Nail | URL = [http://www.kutless.com Kutless.com] | Current_members = Jon Micah Sumrall<br />James Mead<br />Jeffrey Gilbert<br />Dave Luetkenhoelter<br />Nick De Partee | Past_members = Nathan "Stu" Stuart<br />Kyle Zeigler<br />Kyle Mitchell<br />Ryan Shrout }} '''Kutless''' is a Christian [[rock music|rock]] band formed in 2000. ==History== The band chose the name "Kutless" from a [[Bible]] verse, Romans 6:23. They chose this name because "[<nowiki></nowiki>[[Jesus]]<nowiki></nowiki>] took our cuts for us, leaving us 'Kutless.'"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bandnation.com/interviews/Kutless/ |title=Kutless Interview |accessdate=13 December 2009 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Members== ;Current * Jon Micah Sumrall – [[lead vocals]], [[rhythm guitar]], [[piano]] <small>(2000–present)</small> * James Mead – [[lead guitar]], backing vocals <small>(2001–present)</small> * Jeffrey Gilbert – [[drum kit|drums]] <small>(2005–present)</small> * Dave Luetkenhoelter – [[bass guitar]] <small>(2005–present)</small> * Nick DePartee – [[guitar]], backing vocals <small>(2007–present)</small> ;Former * Nathan "Stu" Stuart – bass guitar <small>(2000–2002)</small> * Kyle Zeigler – bass guitar <small>(2002–2005)</small> * Kyle Mitchell – drums <small>(2000–2005)</small> * Ryan Shrout – guitar, backing vocals <small>(2000–2007)</small> ==Discography== ;Studio albums * ''Kutless'' (2002) * ''[[Sea of Faces]]'' (2004) * ''Strong Tower'' (2005) * ''Hearts of the Innocent'' (2006) * ''To Know That You're Alive'' (2008) * ''It Is Well'' (2009) * ''[[Believer]]'' (2012) * ''[[Glory (Kutless album)|Glory]]'' (2014) * ''[[Surrender (album)|Surrender]]'' (2015) * ''[[Alpha / Omega]]'' (2017) ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:American rock bands]] [[Category:American hard rock bands]] [[Category:Grunge bands]] [[Category:Christian rock bands]] [[Category:Musical groups from Oregon]] [[Category:Musical groups established in 2000]] [[Category:2000 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:21st-century establishments in Oregon]] 1rza9bshqbvnwmf7auww9wbqzif8tod 10367636 10367625 2025-07-02T12:55:39Z 1.136.107.210 10367636 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=December 2010}} {{Infobox musical artist | Name = Kutless | Img = Kutless band.jpg | Background = group_or_band | Origin = [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Oregon]], [[United States]] | Genre = [[Alternative rock]], [[Christian rock]], [[hard rock]], [[post-grunge]] | Years_active = 2000–present | Label = [[BEC Recordings|BEC]], Tooth & Nail | URL = [http://www.kutless.com Kutless.com] | Current_members = Jon Micah Sumrall<br />James Mead<br />Jeffrey Gilbert<br />Dave Luetkenhoelter<br />Nick De Partee | Past_members = Nathan "Stu" Stuart<br />Kyle Zeigler<br />Kyle Mitchell<br />Ryan Shrout }} '''Kutless''' is a Christian [[rock music|rock]] band formed in 2000. ==History== The band chose the name "Kutless" from a [[Bible]] verse, Romans 6:23. They chose this name because "[<nowiki></nowiki>[[Jesus]]<nowiki></nowiki>] took our cuts for us, leaving us 'Kutless.'"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bandnation.com/interviews/Kutless/ |title=Kutless Interview |accessdate=13 December 2009 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Members== ;Current * Jon Micah Sumrall – lead vocals, rhythm guitar, piano <small>(2000–present)</small> * James Mead – lead guitar, backing vocals <small>(2001–present)</small> * Jeffrey Gilbert – drums <small>(2005–present)</small> * Dave Luetkenhoelter – bass guitar <small>(2005–present)</small> * Nick DePartee – guitar, backing vocals <small>(2007–present)</small> ;Former * Nathan "Stu" Stuart – bass guitar <small>(2000–2002)</small> * Kyle Zeigler – bass guitar <small>(2002–2005)</small> * Kyle Mitchell – drums <small>(2000–2005)</small> * Ryan Shrout – guitar, backing vocals <small>(2000–2007)</small> ==Discography== ;Studio albums * ''Kutless'' (2002) * ''[[Sea of Faces]]'' (2004) * ''Strong Tower'' (2005) * ''Hearts of the Innocent'' (2006) * ''To Know That You're Alive'' (2008) * ''It Is Well'' (2009) * ''[[Believer]]'' (2012) * ''[[Glory (Kutless album)|Glory]]'' (2014) * ''[[Surrender (album)|Surrender]]'' (2015) * ''[[Alpha / Omega]]'' (2017) ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:American rock bands]] [[Category:American hard rock bands]] [[Category:Grunge bands]] [[Category:Christian rock bands]] [[Category:Musical groups from Oregon]] [[Category:Musical groups established in 2000]] [[Category:2000 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:21st-century establishments in Oregon]] ka13pwh6rn0vqrb8h8a4hy2pke3krps 10367640 10367636 2025-07-02T12:57:40Z 1.136.107.210 10367640 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=December 2010}} {{Infobox musical artist | Name = Kutless | Img = Kutless band.jpg | Background = group_or_band | Origin = [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Oregon]], [[United States]] | Genre = [[Alternative rock]], [[Christian rock]], [[hard rock]], [[post-grunge]] | Years_active = 2000–present | Label = [[BEC Recordings|BEC]], Tooth & Nail | URL = [http://www.kutless.com Kutless.com] | Current_members = Jon Micah Sumrall<br />James Mead<br />Jeffrey Gilbert<br />Dave Luetkenhoelter<br />Nick De Partee | Past_members = Nathan "Stu" Stuart<br />Kyle Zeigler<br />Kyle Mitchell<br />Ryan Shrout }} '''Kutless''' is a Christian [[rock music|rock]] band formed in 2000. ==History== The band chose the name "Kutless" from a [[Bible]] verse, Romans 6:23. They chose this name because "[<nowiki></nowiki>[[Jesus]]<nowiki></nowiki>] took our cuts for us, leaving us 'Kutless'".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bandnation.com/interviews/Kutless/ |title=Kutless Interview |accessdate=13 December 2009 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Members== ;Current * Jon Micah Sumrall – lead vocals, rhythm guitar, piano <small>(2000–present)</small> * James Mead – lead guitar, backing vocals <small>(2001–present)</small> * Jeffrey Gilbert – drums <small>(2005–present)</small> * Dave Luetkenhoelter – bass guitar <small>(2005–present)</small> * Nick DePartee – guitar, backing vocals <small>(2007–present)</small> ;Former * Nathan "Stu" Stuart – bass guitar <small>(2000–2002)</small> * Kyle Zeigler – bass guitar <small>(2002–2005)</small> * Kyle Mitchell – drums <small>(2000–2005)</small> * Ryan Shrout – guitar, backing vocals <small>(2000–2007)</small> ==Discography== ;Studio albums * ''Kutless'' (2002) * ''[[Sea of Faces]]'' (2004) * ''Strong Tower'' (2005) * ''Hearts of the Innocent'' (2006) * ''To Know That You're Alive'' (2008) * ''It Is Well'' (2009) * ''[[Believer]]'' (2012) * ''[[Glory (Kutless album)|Glory]]'' (2014) * ''[[Surrender (album)|Surrender]]'' (2015) * ''[[Alpha / Omega]]'' (2017) ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:American rock bands]] [[Category:American hard rock bands]] [[Category:Grunge bands]] [[Category:Christian rock bands]] [[Category:Musical groups from Oregon]] [[Category:Musical groups established in 2000]] [[Category:2000 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:21st-century establishments in Oregon]] oyiiucvgbaenkd9y8kqw0x92ll4819e 10367641 10367640 2025-07-02T12:58:19Z 1.136.107.210 10367641 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=December 2010}} {{Infobox musical artist | Name = Kutless | Img = Kutless band.jpg | Background = group_or_band | Origin = [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Oregon]], [[United States]] | Genre = [[Alternative rock]], [[Christian rock]], [[hard rock]], [[post-grunge]] | Years_active = 2000–present | Label = [[BEC Recordings|BEC]], Tooth & Nail | URL = [http://www.kutless.com Kutless.com] | Current_members = Jon Micah Sumrall<br />James Mead<br />Jeffrey Gilbert<br />Dave Luetkenhoelter<br />Nick De Partee | Past_members = Nathan "Stu" Stuart<br />Kyle Zeigler<br />Kyle Mitchell<br />Ryan Shrout }} '''Kutless''' is a Christian [[rock music|rock]] band formed in 2000. ==History== The band chose the name "Kutless" from a [[Bible]] verse, Romans 6:23. They chose this name because "[<nowiki></nowiki>[[Jesus]]<nowiki></nowiki>] took our cuts for us, leaving us 'Kutless'".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bandnation.com/interviews/Kutless/ |title=Kutless Interview |accessdate=13 December 2009 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Members== ;Current members * Jon Micah Sumrall – lead vocals, rhythm guitar, piano <small>(2000–present)</small> * James Mead – lead guitar, backing vocals <small>(2001–present)</small> * Jeffrey Gilbert – drums <small>(2005–present)</small> * Dave Luetkenhoelter – bass guitar <small>(2005–present)</small> * Nick DePartee – guitar, backing vocals <small>(2007–present)</small> ;Former members * Nathan "Stu" Stuart – bass guitar <small>(2000–2002)</small> * Kyle Zeigler – bass guitar <small>(2002–2005)</small> * Kyle Mitchell – drums <small>(2000–2005)</small> * Ryan Shrout – guitar, backing vocals <small>(2000–2007)</small> ==Discography== ;Studio albums * ''Kutless'' (2002) * ''[[Sea of Faces]]'' (2004) * ''Strong Tower'' (2005) * ''Hearts of the Innocent'' (2006) * ''To Know That You're Alive'' (2008) * ''It Is Well'' (2009) * ''[[Believer]]'' (2012) * ''[[Glory (Kutless album)|Glory]]'' (2014) * ''[[Surrender (album)|Surrender]]'' (2015) * ''[[Alpha / Omega]]'' (2017) ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:American rock bands]] [[Category:American hard rock bands]] [[Category:Grunge bands]] [[Category:Christian rock bands]] [[Category:Musical groups from Oregon]] [[Category:Musical groups established in 2000]] [[Category:2000 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:21st-century establishments in Oregon]] fp30r5jq0tx81j6g8o4965s5igcj2a5 10367653 10367641 2025-07-02T13:09:13Z 180.150.36.182 10367653 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=December 2010}} {{Infobox musical artist | Name = Kutless | Img = Kutless band.jpg | Background = group_or_band | Origin = [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Oregon]], [[United States]] | Genre = [[Alternative rock]], [[Christian rock]], [[hard rock]], [[post-grunge]] | Years_active = 2000–present | Label = [[BEC Recordings|BEC]], Tooth & Nail | URL = [http://www.kutless.com Kutless.com] | Current_members = Jon Micah Sumrall<br />James Mead<br />Jeffrey Gilbert<br />Dave Luetkenhoelter<br />Nick De Partee | Past_members = Nathan "Stu" Stuart<br />Kyle Zeigler<br />Kyle Mitchell<br />Ryan Shrout }} '''Kutless''' is a Christian [[rock music|rock]] band formed in 2000. ==History== The band chose the name "Kutless" from a [[Bible]] verse, Romans 6:23. They chose this name because "[<nowiki></nowiki>[[Jesus]]<nowiki></nowiki>] took our cuts for us, leaving us 'Kutless'".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bandnation.com/interviews/Kutless/ |title=Kutless Interview |accessdate=13 December 2009 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Members== ;Current members * Jon Micah Sumrall – lead vocals, rhythm guitar, piano <small>(2000–present)</small> * James Mead – lead guitar, backing vocals <small>(2001–present)</small> * Jeffrey Gilbert – drums <small>(2005–present)</small> * Dave Luetkenhoelter – bass guitar <small>(2005–present)</small> * Nick DePartee – guitar, backing vocals <small>(2007–present)</small> ;Former members * Nathan "Stu" Stuart – bass guitar <small>(2000–2002)</small> * Kyle Zeigler – bass guitar <small>(2002–2005)</small> * Kyle Mitchell – drums <small>(2000–2005)</small> * Ryan Shrout – guitar, backing vocals <small>(2000–2007)</small> ==Discography== {{Main|Kutless discography}} ;Studio albums * ''Kutless'' (2002) * ''[[Sea of Faces]]'' (2004) * ''Strong Tower'' (2005) * ''Hearts of the Innocent'' (2006) * ''To Know That You're Alive'' (2008) * ''It Is Well'' (2009) * ''[[Believer]]'' (2012) * ''[[Glory (Kutless album)|Glory]]'' (2014) * ''[[Surrender (album)|Surrender]]'' (2015) * ''[[Alpha / Omega]]'' (2017) ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:American rock bands]] [[Category:American hard rock bands]] [[Category:Grunge bands]] [[Category:Christian rock bands]] [[Category:Musical groups from Oregon]] [[Category:Musical groups established in 2000]] [[Category:2000 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:21st-century establishments in Oregon]] ajw6e38c28fbkim9djjbczfr8pcq6hr 10367687 10367653 2025-07-02T13:31:15Z 180.150.36.182 10367687 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=December 2010}} {{Infobox musical artist | Name = Kutless | Img = Kutless band.jpg | Background = group_or_band | Origin = [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Oregon]], [[United States]] | Genre = [[Alternative rock]], [[Christian rock]], [[hard rock]], [[post-grunge]] | Years_active = 2000–present | Label = [[BEC Recordings|BEC]], Tooth & Nail | URL = [http://www.kutless.com Kutless.com] | Current_members = Jon Micah Sumrall<br />James Mead<br />Jeffrey Gilbert<br />Dave Luetkenhoelter<br />Nick De Partee | Past_members = Nathan "Stu" Stuart<br />Kyle Zeigler<br />Kyle Mitchell<br />Ryan Shrout }} '''Kutless''' is a Christian [[rock music|rock]] band formed in 2000. ==History== The band chose the name "Kutless" from a [[Bible]] verse, Romans 6:23. They chose this name because "[<nowiki></nowiki>[[Jesus]]<nowiki></nowiki>] took our cuts for us, leaving us 'Kutless'".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bandnation.com/interviews/Kutless/ |title=Kutless Interview |accessdate=13 December 2009 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Members== ;Current members * Jon Micah Sumrall – lead vocals, rhythm guitar, piano <small>(2000–present)</small> * James Mead – lead guitar, backing vocals <small>(2001–present)</small> * Jeffrey Gilbert – drums <small>(2005–present)</small> * Dave Luetkenhoelter – bass guitar <small>(2005–present)</small> * Nick DePartee – guitar, backing vocals <small>(2007–present)</small> ;Former members * Nathan "Stu" Stuart – bass guitar <small>(2000–2002)</small> * Kyle Zeigler – bass guitar <small>(2002–2005)</small> * Kyle Mitchell – drums <small>(2000–2005)</small> * Ryan Shrout – guitar, backing vocals <small>(2000–2007)</small> ==Discography== {{Main|Kutless discography}} ;Studio albums * ''Kutless'' (2002) * ''[[Sea of Faces]]'' (2004) * ''[[Strong Tower]]'' (2005) * ''Hearts of the Innocent'' (2006) * ''To Know That You're Alive'' (2008) * ''It Is Well'' (2009) * ''[[Believer]]'' (2012) * ''[[Glory (Kutless album)|Glory]]'' (2014) * ''[[Surrender (album)|Surrender]]'' (2015) * ''[[Alpha / Omega]]'' (2017) ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:American rock bands]] [[Category:American hard rock bands]] [[Category:Grunge bands]] [[Category:Christian rock bands]] [[Category:Musical groups from Oregon]] [[Category:Musical groups established in 2000]] [[Category:2000 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:21st-century establishments in Oregon]] noqzkeqtp1207mhr5iarwsfhqq1sc90 10369051 10367687 2025-07-03T06:05:30Z 124.148.171.124 10369051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=December 2010}} {{Infobox musical artist | Name = Kutless | Img = Kutless band.jpg | Background = group_or_band | Origin = [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Oregon]], [[United States]] | Genre = [[Alternative rock]], [[Christian rock]], [[hard rock]], [[post-grunge]] | Years_active = 2000–present | Label = BEC, Tooth & Nail | URL = [http://www.kutless.com Kutless.com] | Current_members = Jon Micah Sumrall<br />James Mead<br />Jeffrey Gilbert<br />Dave Luetkenhoelter<br />Nick De Partee | Past_members = Nathan "Stu" Stuart<br />Kyle Zeigler<br />Kyle Mitchell<br />Ryan Shrout }} '''Kutless''' is a Christian [[rock music|rock]] band formed in 2000. ==History== The band chose the name "Kutless" from a [[Bible]] verse, Romans 6:23. They chose this name because "[<nowiki></nowiki>[[Jesus]]<nowiki></nowiki>] took our cuts for us, leaving us 'Kutless'".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bandnation.com/interviews/Kutless/ |title=Kutless Interview |accessdate=13 December 2009 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Members== ;Current members * Jon Micah Sumrall – lead vocals, rhythm guitar, piano <small>(2000–present)</small> * James Mead – lead guitar, backing vocals <small>(2001–present)</small> * Jeffrey Gilbert – drums <small>(2005–present)</small> * Dave Luetkenhoelter – bass guitar <small>(2005–present)</small> * Nick DePartee – guitar, backing vocals <small>(2007–present)</small> ;Former members * Nathan "Stu" Stuart – bass guitar <small>(2000–2002)</small> * Kyle Zeigler – bass guitar <small>(2002–2005)</small> * Kyle Mitchell – drums <small>(2000–2005)</small> * Ryan Shrout – guitar, backing vocals <small>(2000–2007)</small> ==Discography== {{Main|Kutless discography}} ;Studio albums * ''Kutless'' (2002) * ''[[Sea of Faces]]'' (2004) * ''[[Strong Tower]]'' (2005) * ''Hearts of the Innocent'' (2006) * ''To Know That You're Alive'' (2008) * ''It Is Well'' (2009) * ''[[Believer]]'' (2012) * ''[[Glory (Kutless album)|Glory]]'' (2014) * ''[[Surrender (album)|Surrender]]'' (2015) * ''[[Alpha / Omega]]'' (2017) ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:American rock bands]] [[Category:American hard rock bands]] [[Category:Grunge bands]] [[Category:Christian rock bands]] [[Category:Musical groups from Oregon]] [[Category:Musical groups established in 2000]] [[Category:2000 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:21st-century establishments in Oregon]] ocq3w43g9vgoio3gdeqqobe616yj02q 0 219832 10367714 10316503 2025-07-02T13:50:12Z 90.168.204.255 10367714 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Spain | native_name = {{native name|es|Reino de España}} | common_name = Spain | name = {{collapsible list |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:center;line-height:normal;font-size:84%; |title = {{resize|1.0 em|4 other names}}{{efn|name="es lang"|In Spain, [[Languages of Spain|other languages]] are officially recognised as legitimate [[Indigenous language|autochthonous]] [[regional language|(regional) languages]] under the [[Spanish Constitution]]. In each of these, Spain's conventional long name for international affairs in Spanish laws and the most used ({{lang-es|Reino de España|links=no}}, pronounced: {{IPA-es|ˈrejno ð(e) esˈpaɲa|}}) is as follows: * {{lang-ca|Regne d'Espanya}}, {{IPA-ca|ˈreŋnə ðəsˈpaɲə|IPA}} * {{lang-eu|Espainiako Erresuma}}, {{IPA-eu|es̺paɲiako eres̺uma|IPA}} * {{lang-gl|Reino de España}}, {{IPA-gl|ˈrejnʊ ð(ɪ) esˈpaɲɐ|IPA}} * {{lang-oc|Reiaume d'Espanha}}, {{IPA-oc|reˈjawme ðesˈpaɲɔ|IPA}}}} |{{Infobox|subbox=yes|bodystyle=font-size:80%;font-weight:normal; |rowclass1 =mergedrow|label1=[[Catalan language|Catalan]]:|data1={{lang|ca|Regne d'Espanya}} |rowclass2 = mergedrow|label2=[[Basque language|Basque]]:|data2={{lang|eu|Espainiako Erresuma}} |rowclass3 = mergedrow|label3=[[Galician language|Galician]]:|data3={{lang|gl|Reino de España}} |rowclass4 = mergedrow|label4=[[Occitan language|Occitan]]:|data4={{lang|oc|Reiaume d'Espanha}} }} }} | image_flag = Bandera de España.svg | image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg | national_motto = {{native phrase|la|[[Plus ultra]]}} <br /> {{small|(English: "Further Beyond")}} | national_anthem = {{native name|es|[[Marcha Real]]|icon=yes}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/1997/10/11/pdfs/A29594-29600.pdf|title=Real Decreto 1560/1997, de 10 de octubre, por el que se regula el Himno Nacional|author=Presidency of the Government|work=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]] núm. 244|date=11 October 1997|language=es|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034615/http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/1997/10/11/pdfs/A29594-29600.pdf|archive-date=24 September 2015|author-link=Government of Spain}}</ref><br />{{small|(English: "Royal March")}}<br /> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">{{center|[[File:Marcha Real.ogg]]}}</div> | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:EU-Spain (orthographic projection).svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show globe|[[File:EU-Spain.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show map of Europe|default=2}} | map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=dark green|region=Europe|region_color=dark grey|subregion=the [[European Union]]|subregion_color=green}} | image_map2 = | capital = [[Madrid]] | coordinates = {{Coord|40|26|N|3|42|W|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Madrid]] | languages_type = Official language | languages = [[Spanish]], [[French]], [[English]], [[Arab]](Ceuta, Melilla, Peñón Vélez de la gomera and alhucenas)and [[Portuguese]]{{efn|name=c|The official language of the State is established in the Section 3 of the [[Spanish Constitution of 1978]] to be Castilian.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/IDIOMAS/9/Espana/LeyFundamental/index.htm|title=The Spanish Constitution|publisher=Lamoncloa.gob.es|access-date=26 April 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325101204/http://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/IDIOMAS/9/Espana/LeyFundamental/index.htm|archive-date=25 March 2013}}</ref> In some [[autonomous communities of Spain|autonomous communities]], [[Catalan language|Catalan]], [[Galician language|Galician]], [[Basque language|Basque]] and [[Occitan language|Occitan]] (locally known as [[Aranese language|Aranese]]) are co-official languages. [[Aragonese language|Aragonese]] and [[Asturian language|Asturian]] have some degree of official recognition.}} {{small|(also in [[national language]])}} {{infobox|child=yes |label1 = Nationality {{nobold|(2020)}} |data1 = {{unbulleted list|84.8% [[Spaniards]]|15.2% [[Immigration to Spain|Others]]<ref name="ine.es">{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Datos.htm?path=/t20/e245/p08/l0/&file=01006.px#!tabs-tabla|title=Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Población (españoles/extranjeros) por País de Nacimiento, sexo y año|publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|Instituto Nacional de Estadística]]|website=ine.es}}</ref>}} }} | ethnic_groups = | ethnic_groups_year = | ethnic_groups_ref = | religion = {{ublist|item_style=white-space:nowrap; |57.6% [[Catholicism]] |37.7% [[Irreligion|No religion]] |2.9% [[Religion in Spain|Others]] |1.8% Unanswered }} | religion_ref = <ref name="Barómetro de enero 2022">[[Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas|CIS]].[http://datos.cis.es/pdf/Es3347marMT_A.pdf "Barómetro de Enero de 2022"], 3,777 respondents. The question was "¿Cómo se define Ud. en materia religiosa: católico/a practicante, católico/a no practicante, creyente de otra religión, agnóstico/a, indiferente o no creyente, o ateo/a?".</ref> | religion_year = 2022 | demonym = {{hlist|[[Spaniards|Spanish]]|Spaniard}} | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]]&nbsp;[[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[constitutional monarchy]] | leader_title1 = [[Monarchy of Spain|Monarch]] | leader_name1 = [[Felipe VI]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Spain|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Pedro Sánchez]] | legislature = [[Cortes Generales]] | upper_house = [[Senate of Spain|Senate]] | lower_house = [[Congress of Deputies]] | sovereignty_type = [[History of Spain|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Catholic Monarchs of Spain|''De facto'']] | established_date1 = 20 January 1479 | established_event2 = ''[[Nueva Planta decrees|De jure]]'' | established_date2 = 9 June 1715 | established_event3 = [[Spanish Constitution of 1812|First constitution]] | established_date3 = 19 March 1812 | established_event4 = [[Francoist Spain]] | established_date4 = 1 April 1939–1978 | established_event5 = {{nowrap|[[Spanish transition to democracy|Current democracy]]}} | established_date5 = [[Spanish Constitution of 1978|29 December 1978]] | established_event6 = {{nowrap|[[Enlargement of the European Union#Mediterranean enlargements|EEC accession]]}}{{efn|[[European Union]] (EU) since 1993.}} | established_date6 = 1 January 1986 | area_km2 = 505,990<ref>{{cite web|title=Anuario estadístico de España 2008. 1ª parte: entorno físico y medio ambiente|url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/anuario08/anu08_01entor.pdf|website=Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|access-date=14 April 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924144913/http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/anuario08/anu08_01entor.pdf|archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref> | area_rank = 51st | area_sq_mi = 195,364 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 0.89 (2015)<ref>{{cite web|title=Surface water and surface water change|access-date=11 October 2020|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD)|url=https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER#}}</ref> | population_census = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 48,692,804<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/en/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736177095&menu=ultiDatos&idp=1254735572981|title=INEbase / Estadística Continua de Población (ECP). Datos provisionales|website=ine.es|access-date=1 April 2024}}</ref> | population_census_year = 2024 | population_census_rank = 30th | population_density_km2 = 97 | population_density_sq_mi = 248 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 120th | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} {{nowrap|$1.942&nbsp;trillion<ref name="IMFWEOES">{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2020/October/weo-report?c=512,914,612,614,311,213,911,314,193,122,912,313,419,513,316,913,124,339,638,514,218,963,616,223,516,918,748,618,624,522,622,156,626,628,228,924,233,632,636,634,238,662,960,423,935,128,611,321,243,248,469,253,642,643,939,734,644,819,172,132,646,648,915,134,652,174,328,258,656,654,336,263,268,532,944,176,534,536,429,433,178,436,136,343,158,439,916,664,826,542,967,443,917,544,941,446,666,668,672,946,137,546,674,676,548,556,678,181,867,682,684,273,868,921,948,943,686,688,518,728,836,558,138,196,278,692,694,962,142,449,564,565,283,853,288,293,566,964,182,359,453,968,922,714,862,135,716,456,722,942,718,724,576,936,961,813,726,199,733,184,524,361,362,364,732,366,144,146,463,528,923,738,578,537,742,866,369,744,186,925,869,746,926,466,112,111,298,927,846,299,582,487,474,754,698,&s=PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2020&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1=|title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2020|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|website=IMF.org|access-date=11 February 2021}}</ref>}} | GDP_PPP_year = 2021 | GDP_PPP_rank = 15th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $41,736<ref name="IMFWEOES"/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 32nd | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} {{nowrap|$1.450&nbsp;trillion<ref name="IMFWEOES"/>}} | GDP_nominal_year = 2021 | GDP_nominal_rank = 13th | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $31,178<ref name="IMFWEOES"/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 26th | Gini = 33.0 <!--Number only--> | Gini_year = 2019 | Gini_change = decrease | Gini_ref = <ref name=eurogini>{{cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tessi190&plugin=1|title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey|publisher=[[Eurostat]]|website=ec.europa.eu|access-date=3 August 2020}}</ref> | Gini_rank = 103rd | HDI = 0.904 <!--Number only--> | HDI_year = 2019 <!--Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--Increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/latest-human-development-index-ranking|title=Human Development Report 2020|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=10 December 2019|access-date=10 December 2019|format=PDF}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 25th | currency = [[Euro]]{{efn|The [[Spanish peseta|Peseta]] before 2002.}} ([[Euro sign|€]]) | currency_code = EUR | time_zone = [[Western European Time|WET]] and [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = ⁠±0 to +1 <!--Note: Zero-width non-breaking space results in the infobox displaying "UTC" without a specified offset.--> | DST_note = {{small|Note: most of Spain observes CET/CEST, except the [[Canary Islands]] which observe WET/WEST.}} | time_zone_DST = [[Western European Summer Time|WEST]] and [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 to +2 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy ([[Common Era|CE]]) | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Spain|+34]] | iso3166code = ES | cctld = [[.es]]{{efn|name=e|The [[.eu]] domain is also used, as it is shared with other [[European Union]] member states. Also, the [[.cat]] domain is used in [[Catalonia]], [[.gal]] in [[Galiza|Galicia]] and [[.eus]] in the [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque-Country]] autonomous regions.}} | today = }} '''Spain''' is a [[country]] in Southwestern [[Europe]]. It is in the [[Iberian Peninsula]]. Spain has borders with [[France]], [[Portugal]], [[Andorra]] and [[Gibraltar]]. [[Ceuta]] and [[Melilla]] border with [[Morocco]] in [[North Africa]]. In Spain's northeast side are the [[Pyrenees mountains]]. The people of Spain are known as [[Spaniards]]. They speak [[Castilian language|Castilian]] or [[Spanish language|Spanish]] (in Spanish, "Castellano", from ''Castilla'', or "<span lang="es" dir="ltr">Español</span>"). They speak other languages in some parts of the country. They are [[Catalan language|Catalan]], [[Basque language|Basque]], and [[Asturian language|Asturian]], [[Galician language|Galician]], [[Leonese Language|Leonese]], [[Aragonese language|Aragonese]], [[Aranese]] [[Occitan language|Occitan]] and even [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]. The [[religion]] of about 67% of the population in Spain is [[Roman Catholicism|Roman Catholic]]. Since 1975, Spain has had a [[constitutional monarchy]]. The King of Spain is [[Felipe VI of Spain|Felipe VI]]; he only does what the [[constitution]] allows him to. The parliament is called "Las Cortes Generales," (General Courts) and has two bodies: "El Congreso" (The Congress) and "El Senado" (The Senate) and it is chosen by the Spanish people by [[vote|voting]]. The [[Prime minister]] is [[Pedro Sánchez]]. The [[government]] and the king's [[palace]] are in [[Madrid]], the [[Capital (city)|capital]] of Spain. Spain has more than 500,000 [[Square kilometer|square kilometres]] of land. It is smaller than France, but it is bigger than [[Germany]]. Almost fifty million people live in Spain. Spain is divided into 17 [[autonomous communities of Spain|autonomous communities]] (this means that they can decide upon some affairs themselves). Each community has its own government. Although Spain seems small it used to be much bigger with a massive influence on South America and Central America, With the Philippians and Western African influence until France got most of it. Spain is known for [[flamenco]] which is usually performed by the [[Caló]]. Spain was a predominant Colonial Empire and had colonies throughout the continents [[South America]], [[Asia]], [[Oceania]] and [[Africa]] with a large hold of European lands. Spain was under a Falangismo under general [[Francisco Franco]] from 1936 to 1974. ==History of Spain== {{main|History of Spain}} ===Early history=== [[File:Dama de Elche.jpg|thumb|left|180px|[[Lady of Elche]] made by the Iberians]] People have lived in Spain since the [[Stone Age]]. Later, the [[Roman Empire]] controlled Spain for about five hundred years; then as the Roman Empire broke up, groups of [[Germanic people]] including [[Visigoths]] moved in and took control. === Muslim rule === In 711, many parts of the [[Iberian Peninsula]] became under the control of the [[Muslims|Muslim]] [[Umayyad Caliphate]]. They called the land [[Al-Andalus]]; it was the farthest western point of [[Islamic civilization]]. In 756, the Umayyads were defeated by the [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid]] in the east. The Umayyads ruled the [[Caliphate of Córdoba]], which fell apart in the early [[11th century]]. Muslim rulers sometimes fought each other when they were not fighting the Christians. Muslim Spain was focused on [[learning]]. The greatest [[library]] system outside [[Baghdad]]. At first the Muslims ruled most of Spain but the [[reconquista]] slowly forced them out over seven centuries. ===Kingdom of León=== The [[Kingdom of León]], the most important in the early Spanish Middle Ages, was started in 910. This Kingdom developed the first democratic parliament (Cortes de Llión) in Europe in 1188. After 1301, León had the same King as the Kingdom of Castile in [[personal union]]. The various kingdoms remained independent territories until 1833, when Spain was divided into regions and provinces. In 1492, the Christians took the last part of Spain that still belonged to the Moors, [[Granada]]. [[Boabdil]], the last Moorish King of [[Granada]], surrendered to King [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] and [[Isabella I of Castile]] on 2 January 1492. Ferdinand and Isabella then ruled all of Spain. Before this, there were a number of Christian countries in what is now called Spain. Two of these countries, [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] and [[Aragon]], came together when Ferdinand II of Aragon married the queen [[Isabella of Castile]]. The King ruled as much as the Queen. [[File:Spain Andalusia Cordoba BW 2015-10-27 13-54-14.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Inside of the [[Mezquita]] in [[Córdoba, Andalusia|Córdoba]], a Muslim [[mosque]] which became a Christian [[Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba|cathedral]].]] In the same year, 1492, they sent [[Christopher Columbus]] to sail across the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. Columbus found the islands of the [[Caribbean Sea]]. When other Europeans explored, like [[Hernán Cortés]] and [[Francisco Pizarro]], they found out that there were two [[continent]]s there - [[North America]] and [[South America]]. Spanish [[conquistador]]<nowiki/>es took over very large parts of those two continents. This [[empire]] did not make Spain a rich country, for most of the money had to be spent in wars in Italy and elsewhere. Some of these wars were fought against other European countries who were trying to take over parts of the Americas. Meanwhile, at home, the Muslim manuscripts had been either burnt or taken to other countries. Jews had also been expelled from Spain. Some Jews remained but they had to become [[Christians]]. Among the few old things kept and respected in Spain were in [[music]]: [[harmony]] and [[stringed instrument]]s. The buildings that had been built by the Moors were kept, and many Muslim religious buildings ([[mosque]]s) were turned into churches. Some Jewish religious buildings were also turned into churches. Many Arab words became part of the Spanish Language === 16th and 17th century === The grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella was Charles. When his grandfather died he inherited Castille and Aragon. He also inherited many territories at the death of his other grandfather, Maximilian I of Austria. Charles received from Maximilian the Austria state and the territories of Burgundy. He was named Charles I in Spain, but he was elected as the emperor of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], and was called [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]]. This made the empire bigger than ever. However, it was not a single country, but a [[personal union]] of many independent countries with a single King. At first many Spaniards did not want Charles as their king, so they fought against him. However, he won. Charles did not like the [[Protestant Reformation]], and fought against it. ===18th century=== In the 18th century some of the parts of that large empire became their own countries, or were taken over by new countries, such as the [[United States|United States of America]]. ===19th century=== Spain (and other European countries) was invaded by [[Napoleon]] of France. [[Britain]] sent troops to defend the peninsula, since it was so weak. Most of the [[Spanish Empire]] became independent in the following decades. ===20th century=== There was not much peace in Spain during the first part of the [[20th century]]. Some Spaniards tried to set up a government chosen by the people (a [[democracy]]), and they made [[Alfonso XIII of Spain|Alfonso XIII]] leave the country. However, in 1936, two different groups of Spaniards went to war over whether the government should be a democracy, in the [[Spanish Civil War]] (although those on the side of the Republic were largely socialist or anarchist), or take orders from one person. In 1939, those who wanted democracy were defeated, and a nationalist [[dictator]] named [[Francisco Franco]] took over the government. Francisco Franco died on 20 November 1975. He had decided that Spain should have a monarchy again, and he chose Juan Carlos, the grandson of Juan of Bourbon who had been forced to leave the country, to be king and [[Adolfo Suárez]] to become its first [[Prime Minister of Spain|Prime Minister]]. But the king and Suárez did not rule as a dictator; instead, they chose to set up a democracy. On 23 February 1981 a group of people who had supported the now dead General Franco tried to take control of the [[democratic]] Spanish Parliament by force, they entered the building and fired guns in the air. It was seen live on Spanish television and there was widespread fear that this might be the start of another civil war. However, Juan Carlos I, quickly appeared on television and broadcast to the nation that they should remain calm. The persons responsible for the attempt to take over the country were arrested. Now Spain is a modern democratic country, and does business with many countries around the world. It is the eighth largest economy in the world and is an important part of the [[European Union]]. ===21st century=== On 2 June 2014, [[Juan Carlos I]] announced that he would abdicate in favour of his son, [[Felipe VI of Spain|Felipe VI]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Goodman|first1=Al|last2=Mullen|first2=Jethro|last3=Levs|first3=Josh|title=Spain's King Juan Carlos I to abdicate|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/06/02/world/europe/spain-king-abdication/index.html?hpt=hp_t2|access-date=2 June 2014|agency=CNN|date=2 June 2014}}</ref> The date of abdication and handover to Felipe occurred on 19 June 2014. He and his wife kept their titles.<ref name="Telegraph">{{cite web|title=Spain will have two kings and two queens|date=13 June 2014 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/spain/10898873/Spain-will-have-two-kings-and-two-queens.html|access-date=18 June 2014}}</ref> ==Religion== Ancient religions in Spain were mostly [[Paganism|pagan]]. Today, however, at least 55 percent of Spain is [[Roman Catholic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://datos.cis.es/pdf/Es3146mar_A.pdf|title=Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (Centre for Sociological Research) (October 2017). "Barómetro de septiembre de 2017" (PDF) (in Spanish). p. 41. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 September 2017. Retrieved 13 October 2017.}}</ref> Spanish [[mysticism|mystic]] [[Teresa of Ávila]] is an important figure within [[Catholicism]]. 27 percent of Spaniards are [[Irreligious theism|irreligious]]. 2 percent are from other religions, this include [[Baha'i]] [[Buddhist]]s, [[Jain]], [[Muslim]],[[Unitarian Universalism]] and [[Zoroastrianism]]. ==Geography of Spain== [[File:TeideN1.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Teide National Park]], [[Tenerife]]]] The middle of Spain is a high, dry, flat land called La Meseta. In La Meseta it can be very hot in the [[summer]] and cold or very cold in the [[winter]]. Spain also has many [[mountain range]]s. The Mount [[Teide]] ([[Tenerife]], [[Canary Islands]]), the highest mountain of Spain and the islands of the Atlantic (it is the third largest volcano in the world from its base). In the north there is a range of mountains called ''Los Picos de Europa'' (The European Peaks). Here it is very cold in winter with a lot of snow but with gentle warm summers and wet winters. In the south-east of the country is a range of mountains called ''[[Sierra Nevada (Spain)|La Sierra Nevada]]'' (The Snowy Mountains). This range of mountains contains the highest mountain in mainland Spain, Mulacen, at 2952&nbsp;metres. La Sierra Nevada is very popular in winter for [[winter sports]], especially skiing. Snow remains on its peaks throughout the year. The south coast, has a warm and [[temperate climate]], not very hot or very cold. Since Spain is in the south of Europe, it is very sunny. Many people from [[Northern Europe]] take their vacations in Spain, enjoying its [[beach]]es and cities. Spain has a border with [[Portugal]] in the west and borders with [[France]] and [[Andorra]] in the North. In the south, it borders [[Gibraltar]], a British territory. The Spanish territories of [[Ceuta]] and [[Melilla]] are in [[North Africa]] and border onto [[Morocco]]. ===Regions=== Spain is divided into Autonomous Communities, which means that they have their own regional [[government]]s. They are [[Andalucía]] (capital city [[Seville]]), [[Aragon]] (capital city [[Zaragoza]]), [[Asturias]] (capital city [[Oviedo]]), [[Balearic Islands]] (capital city [[Palma de Mallorca]]), [[Basque Country]] (capital city [[Vitoria]]), [[Canary Islands]] (capital cities [[Santa Cruz de Tenerife]] and [[Las Palmas]]), [[Cantabria]] (capital city [[Santander, Spain|Santander]]), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (capital city [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]]), [[Castile and Leon]] (capital city [[Valladolid]]), [[Catalonia]] (capital city [[Barcelona]]), [[Extremadura]] (capital city [[Merida]]), [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]] (capital city [[Santiago de Compostela]]), [[La Rioja]] (capital city [[Logrono]]), [[Madrid]] Community (capital city [[Madrid]]), [[Murcia]] Community (capital city [[Murcia]]), [[Navarra]] (capital city [[Pamplona]]) and the [[Valencia]] Community (capital city [[Valencia]]). === Spain, Tapas === <gallery> File:Palo Santo Cafe, Aranda de Duero, Spain, Jamón serrano, Tapas Bar & Restaurant.jpg|Palo Santo Cafe, Aranda de Duero, Spain, Jamón serrano File:Tapas Bar & Restaurant, Palo Santo Cafe, Aranda de Duero, Jamón serrano.jpg|Jamón serrano served at Palo Santo Cafe, Aranda de Duero File:Palo Santo Cafe, Aranda de Duero, Spain, Tapas Bar & Restaurant.jpg|Anchovies in Spanish Olive Oil File:Tapas Bar & Restaurant, Palo Santo Cafe, Aranda de Duero.jpg|(Spanish Tortilla) </gallery> ===City areas=== In Spain, many people live in cities or close to cities. The ten biggest city areas are: {| class="wikitable" |- style="text-align:right;" !Pos.|| City area || Region || Prov. || population (city + area) |- style="text-align:right;" | 1 || '''[[Madrid]]''' || [[Madrid]] || Madrid ||5,263,000 |- style="text-align:right;" | 2 || '''[[Barcelona]]''' || [[Catalonia]] || Barcelona || 4,251,000 |- style="text-align:right;" | 3 || '''[[Valencia]]''' || [[Valencian Community]] || Valencia || 1,499,000 |- style="text-align:right;" | 4 || '''[[Sevilla]]''' || [[Andalusia|Andalucia]] || Seville || 1,262,000 |- style="text-align:right;" | 5 || '''[[Bilbao]]''' || [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]] || Biscay || 947,000 |- style="text-align:right;" | 6 || '''[[Málaga]]''' || [[Andalusia]] || Málaga || 844,000 |- style="text-align:right;" | 7 || '''[[Oviedo]]–[[Gijón]]''' || [[Asturias]] || Asturias || 844,000 |- style="text-align:right;" | 8 || '''[[Alicante]]–[[Elche]]''' || [[Valencian Community]] || Alicante || 793,000 |- style="text-align:right;" | 9 || '''[[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]]''' || [[Canarias]] || Las Palmas de Gran Canaria || 640,000 |- style="text-align:right;" | 10 || '''[[Zaragoza]]''' || [[Aragon]] || Zaragoza || 639,000 |} == Languages == [[File:Spain languages.svg|thumb|Languages of Spain]] While Spanish is the most spoken language in the country, other languages like [[Catalan language|Catalan]], [[Basque language|Basque]] or [[Galician language|Galician]] are also spoken in a few territories. ==References== {{reflist}} ===Notes=== {{commons|Spain}} {{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}} {{Europe}} {{European Union}} {{North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Spain| ]] [[Category:European Union member states]] [[Category:Current monarchies]] [[Category:Spanish-speaking countries]] dz6j1gf3jv1adlgwa4c44epoz7xarog 0 220714 10368124 10350621 2025-07-02T19:24:05Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* References */ US-EN 10368124 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = | caption = | genre = [[Cartoon series|Animation]] | creator = [[C.H. Greenblatt]] | country = [[United States]] | language = [[English language|English]] | starring = {{hlist|[[Nicky Jones]]|[[Dwight Schultz]]|[[John DiMaggio]]|[[Tara Strong]]|[[C.H. Greenblatt]]|[[Dana Snyder]]|[[Liliana Mumy]]|[[Mindy Sterling]]|[[Kevin Michael Richardson]]|[[Diedrich Bader]]}} | num_seasons = 3 | num_episodes = 49 | list_episodes = | network = [[Cartoon Network]] | first_aired = {{start date|2007|11|02}} | last_aired = {{end date|2010|08|07}} }} '''''Chowder''''' is an American animated [[television program|television series]] that started on [[Cartoon Network]] on November 2, 2007. The show was created by [[C.H. Greenblatt]], a former storyboard artist on ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]'' and ''[[The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy]]''. The title character is a young child named Chowder. Chowder is a student to a chef named Mung Daal, who owns a baking company serving the fictional "Marzipan City". The show has animation with stop motion animation and puppetry. == Plot == The series revolves around the titular Chowder, a [[cat]]-[[bear]]-[[rabbit]] hybrid and aspiring young cook at Chef Mung Daal's [[catering]] company. Though he is lighthearted and carefree, Chowder's actions habitually land him in circumstances beyond his control, partly due to his large appetite and absent-mindedness. Mung and his wife Truffles, Mung's rock monster employee Schnitzel, and Chowder's gaseous pet Kimchi all try to aid Chowder in his ambitions to become a great chef, but frequently find themselves undermined by the calamitous antics that ensue. Chowder is also undermined by Panini, a girl who has an [[unrequited love]] for Chowder, going so far as to say that he is her boyfriend despite the pair not actually dating. ==Characters== ===Main=== * Chowder (voiced by [[Nicky Jones]]): A chubby lavender {{not a typo|[[cat]]/[[bear]]/[[rabbit]]}}<ref name="CNUKfacts">{{Cite web |date=March 20, 2012 |title=Character Facts of the Week: Chowder |url=http://www.cartoonnetwork.co.uk/blogs/character-facts-of-the-week-chowder |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910053503/http://www.cartoonnetwork.co.uk/blogs/character-facts-of-the-week-chowder |archive-date=September 10, 2014 |quote=Chowder is a mix between a cat, bear, and rabbit.}}</ref> [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrid]] who serves as an apprentice under the chef Mung Daal, Chowder lives with Mung Daal and his wife, Truffles, in a room at the top of the catering business. Chowder wants to become a great chef, but he is very impulsive and scatterbrained and often gives in to his urges. He is always hungry and eats anything, even a customer's order. Chowder can also regurgitate objects, and he is used as a storage container by the other characters. According to Greenblatt, he is a composite of a cat, a bear, and a rabbit, and his species was verified in at least one episode.<ref>{{Cite episode |title=The Puckerberry Overlords |series=Chowder |date=January 18, 2008}}</ref> C.H. Greenblatt voiced his adult self in the last episode. In the final episode, "Chowder Grows Up" Chowder takes over the Catering Company, has his own apprentice, and marries Panini. He is also a father to 50 babies. * Mung Daal (voiced by [[Dwight Schultz]]): The elderly [[goblin]] chef who runs the catering company at which Chowder works.<ref name="cn-bio">{{Cite web |title=Chowder |url=http://www.cartoonnetwork.com/tv_shows/chowder/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429100538/http://www.cartoonnetwork.com/tv_shows/chowder/index.html |archive-date=April 29, 2013 |access-date=April 26, 2013 |publisher=Cartoon Network}}</ref> He serves as Chowder's cooking master. Although his exact age has not been stated, he has mentioned that he has cooked for at least 386 years,<ref name="certifrycation">{{Cite episode |title=Certifrycation Class |series=Chowder |date=November 16, 2007}}</ref> and he celebrated 450 years of marriage to Truffles (see below). He likes to impress ladies, to the point where as a child apprentice, he prepared a dish incorrectly due to becoming distracted, which he and Chowder had to time travel to fix.<ref name="mung">{{Cite episode |title=Won Ton Bombs |series=Chowder |date=June 1, 2009}}</ref> He is a light blue-colored [[humanoid]] with an oversized nose and ears and is named after the [[Indian cuisine|Indian dish]] [[Mung bean|mung]] [[dal|daal]]. Greenblatt had originally planned to give Mung an [[Indian accent]], but later decided against it. ==Episodes== ;Season 1 (2007-2008) {| class="wikitable" ! No. !! Title !! Date shown |- | 1 || The Froggy Apple Crumble Thumpkin/Chowder’s Girlfriend '''(New Series)'''|| November 2, 2007 |- | 2 || Burple Nurples/Shnitzel Makes a Deposit || November 2, 2007 |- | 3 || Grubble Gum/The Cinamini Monster || November 9, 2007 |- | 4 || Certifrycation Class/Sing Beans || November 16, 2007 |- | 5 || The Wrong Address/The Wrong Customer || November 23, 2007 |- | 6 || Mahjongg Night/Stinky Love || November 30, 2007 |- | 7 || The Thrice Cream Man/The Flibber-Flabber Diet || December 7, 2007 |- | 8 || Gispacho Stands Up/A Taste of Marzapan || December 14, 2007 |- | 9 || The Puckerberry Overloads/The Elemelons || January 18, 2008 |- | 10 || Sniffleball/Mung on the Rocks || March 6, 2008 |- | 11 || The Moldy Touch/The Heavy Sleeper || April 3, 2008 |- | 12 || At Your Service/Chowder and Mr. Fugu || May 1, 2008 |- | 13 || The Vacation/The Sleep Eater || June 5, 2008 |- | 14 || The Bruised Bluenana/Shnitzel and the Lead Farfel || June 12, 2008 |- | 15 || The Thousand Pound Cake/The Rat Sandwich || June 19, 2008 |- | 16 || Chowder Loses His Hat/Brain Grub || June 26, 2008 |- | 17 || Shnitzel Quits || July 3, 2008 |- | 18 || The Broken Part/The Meach Harvest || July 10, 2008 |- | 19 || Banned from the Stand/Creme Puff Hands || July 17, 2008 |- | 20 || The Apprentice Games || July 24, 2008 |} ;Season 2 (2008-2009) {| class="wikitable" ! No. !! Title !! Date shown |- | 21 || The Arborians/The Garage Sale || October 2, 2008 |- | 22 || Panini for President/Chowder's Babysitter || November 6, 2008 |- | 23 || The Fire Breather/The Flying Finger Lingons || November 13, 2008 |- | 24 || Hey Hey It's Knishmas! || December 4, 2008 |- | 25 || Chowder's Catering Company/The Catch Phrase || December 11, 2008 |- | 26 || The Hot Date/Shopping Spree || February 12, 2009 |- | 27 || The Party Cruise/Won-Ton Bombs || March 26, 2009 |- | 28 || The Big Hat Biddies/The Deadly Maze || April 2, 2009 |- | 29 || Kid Shnitzel/Gispacho Fights Back || April 9, 2009 |- | 30 || The B.L.T.'s/The Trouble with Truffles || April 16, 2009 |- | 31 || The Dinner Theater || April 30, 2009 |- | 32 || Big Ball/The Brain Freeze || July 9, 2009 |- | 33 || The Snail Car/The Lollistops || July 16, 2009 |- | 34 || Endive's Dirty Secret/Big Food || July 30, 2009 |- | 35 || Paint the Town/The Blackout || August 6, 2009 |- | 36 || The Dice Cycle/The Chain Recipe || August 13, 2009 |- | 37 || The Garden/Sheboodles || August 20, 2009 |- | 38 || Gispacho Moves In/My Big Fat Stinky Wedding || August 27, 2009 |- | 39 || Apprentice Appreciation Day/The Grape Worm || September 3, 2009 |- | 40 || A Faire to Remember/Tofu-Town Showdown || September 10, 2009 |} ;Season 3 (2009-2010) {| class="wikitable" ! No. !! Title !! Date shown |- | 41 || Hands on a Big Mixer/The Spookiest House in Marzapan || October 15, 2009 |- | 42 || The Poultry Geist/The Blast Raz || October 22, 2009 |- | 43 || The Belgian Waffle Slobber-Barker/The Apprentice Scouts || October 29, 2009 |- | 44 || A Little Bit of Pizzazz!/The Birthday Suits || November 5, 2009 |- | 45 || The Heist/The Prank || November 12, 2009 |- | 46 || Old Man Thyme/Chowder's Magazine || November 19, 2009 |- | 47 || Weekend at Shnitzel's/Taste Buds || March 4, 2010 |- | 48 || Gispacho!/The Toots || March 18, 2010 |- | 49 || Chowder Grows Up '''(Series Finale)''' || August 7, 2010 |} == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Cartoon Network series]] [[Category:2007 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2010 American television series endings]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] 34qj359bcdcdf9rv21kiy2hd2633f9z 0 222076 10367854 10358340 2025-07-02T16:07:17Z CallumBen13 1611993 10367854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Simpsons episode | image = FlamingMoeGlass.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = A glass from [[Universal Studios Florida]] (pictured) that based off of this episode. | season = 3 | episode = 10 | director = [[Rich Moore]]<br/>[[Alan Smart]] | writer = [[Robert Cohen (writer)|Robert Cohen]] | story = | teleplay = | producer = | music = | editor = | production = 8F08 | airdate = {{Start date|1991|11|21}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Groening |first=Matt |author-link=Matt Groening |editor1-first=Ray |editor1-last=Richmond |editor1-link=Ray Richmond |editor2-first=Antonia |editor2-last=Coffman |title=[[The Simpsons episode guides#The Simpsons: A Complete Guide to Our Favorite Family|The Simpsons: A Complete Guide to Our Favorite Family]] |edition=1st |year=1997 |location=New York |publisher=[[HarperPerennial]] |lccn=98141857 |ol=433519M |oclc=37796735 |isbn=978-0-06-095252-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/simpsonscomplete00groe/page/72 72–73] |ref={{harvid|Richmond & Coffman|1997}} }}.</ref> | length = | guests = [[Aerosmith]] as themselves<br/>[[Phil Hartman]] as [[Lionel Hutz]] | prev = [[Saturdays of Thunder]] | next = [[Burns Verkaufen der Kraftwerk]] }} '''"Flaming Moe's"''' is the tenth episode of '''''[[The Simpsons]]''''' third season. It was first shown on the [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] network in the [[United States]] on November 21, 1991. In this episode, Homer tells [[Moe Szyslak]] of a secret alcoholic [[cocktail]] that has [[cough syrup]] and [[fire]] that he calls the "Flaming Homer". Moe [[wikt:steals|steals]] the recipe from Homer, renames the drink the "Flaming Moe" and begins selling it at his [[tavern]]. The drink is a success and boosts business, but Homer is angry at Moe for his greediness and seeks [[wikt:revenge|revenge]]. ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == {{wikiquote|The Simpsons/Season 3#Flaming Moe's|"Flaming Moe's"}} *{{Snpp capsule|8F08}} *{{IMDb episode|0701098}} *{{tv.com episode|the-simpsons/flaming-moes-1330}} [[Category:1991 television episodes]] [[Category:The Simpsons (season 3) episodes]] {{tv-stub}} peap516txlbjbtck60nrcavncjzab18 10367865 10367854 2025-07-02T16:13:19Z CallumBen13 1611993 10367865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Simpsons episode | image = FlamingMoeGlass.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = A glass from [[Universal Studios Florida]] (pictured) that based off of this episode. | season = 3 | episode = 10 | director = [[Rich Moore]]<br/>[[Alan Smart]] | writer = [[Robert Cohen (writer)|Robert Cohen]] | story = | teleplay = | producer = | music = | editor = | production = 8F08 | airdate = {{Start date|1991|11|21}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Groening |first=Matt |author-link=Matt Groening |editor1-first=Ray |editor1-last=Richmond |editor1-link=Ray Richmond |editor2-first=Antonia |editor2-last=Coffman |title=[[The Simpsons episode guides#The Simpsons: A Complete Guide to Our Favorite Family|The Simpsons: A Complete Guide to Our Favorite Family]] |edition=1st |year=1997 |location=New York |publisher=[[HarperPerennial]] |lccn=98141857 |ol=433519M |oclc=37796735 |isbn=978-0-06-095252-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/simpsonscomplete00groe/page/72 72–73] |ref={{harvid|Richmond & Coffman|1997}} }}.</ref> | length = | guests = [[Aerosmith]] as themselves<br/>[[Phil Hartman]] as [[Lionel Hutz]] | prev = [[Saturdays of Thunder]] | next = [[Burns Verkaufen der Kraftwerk]] |title=Flaming Moe's|couch_gag=Two thieves steal the couch.|blackboard="Underwear should be worn on the inside"|commentary=[[Matt Groening]]<br>[[Al Jean]]<br>[[Mike Reiss]]<br>[[Dan Castellaneta]]<br>Rich Moore<br>[[David Silverman (animator)|David Silverman]]}} '''"Flaming Moe's"''' is the tenth episode of '''''[[The Simpsons]]''''' third season. It was first shown on the [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] network in the [[United States]] on November 21, 1991. In this episode, Homer tells [[Moe Szyslak]] of a secret alcoholic [[cocktail]] that has [[cough syrup]] and [[fire]] that he calls the "Flaming Homer". Moe [[wikt:steals|steals]] the recipe from Homer, renames the drink the "Flaming Moe" and begins selling it at his [[tavern]]. The drink is a success and boosts business, but Homer is angry at Moe for his greediness and seeks [[wikt:revenge|revenge]]. ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == {{wikiquote|The Simpsons/Season 3#Flaming Moe's|"Flaming Moe's"}} *{{Snpp capsule|8F08}} *{{IMDb episode|0701098}} *{{tv.com episode|the-simpsons/flaming-moes-1330}} [[Category:1991 television episodes]] [[Category:The Simpsons (season 3) episodes]] {{tv-stub}} 9aqrzpxgi5xno50knrwj8ia0rkkveq1 0 222165 10369130 7079529 2025-07-03T07:49:01Z 180.150.36.182 10369130 wikitext text/x-wiki In [[mathematics]], an '''interval''' is a group of numbers that includes all numbers between the beginning and the end. Numbers that are larger than the beginning number and smaller than the end number are inside the interval, and numbers that are smaller than the beginning number or larger than the end number are not in the interval. The beginning number and end number may or may not be inside the interval. An example of an interval might be from 3.3 to 15. Here, numbers such as 4, 8, 9.5, 14, and even 14.999 are inside this interval. Numbers such as -4, 2, 3.2, 20, and 15.000001 are not inside this interval. To write an interval, write either a square bracket ( '''[''' ) or a parenthesis ( '''(''' ), the beginning number, a comma ( ''',''' ), the end number, and either a closing square bracket ( ''']''' ) or a closing parenthesis ( ''')''' ). Examples of intervals are (4, 9.6), [-100, 100], [-30, -4). == Different kinds of intervals == Intervals can be separated by how they act at their ends. Intervals can be '''closed''', '''open''', or '''mixed'''. === Closed Intervals === An interval that is closed also includes the beginning and the end, and generally takes the form of <math>[a,b]</math>.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2020-03-17|title=List of Arithmetic and Common Math Symbols|url=https://mathvault.ca/hub/higher-math/math-symbols/common-math-symbols/|access-date=2020-08-23|website=Math Vault|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Intervals|url=https://www.mathsisfun.com/sets/intervals.html|access-date=2020-08-23|website=www.mathsisfun.com}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Weisstein|first=Eric W.|title=Interval|url=https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Interval.html|access-date=2020-08-23|website=mathworld.wolfram.com|language=en}}</ref> A closed interval that has 3 as the beginning and 5.4 as the end would include 3, 5.4, and every number between 3 and 5.4. To write a closed interval, use square brackets ( '''[''' and ''']''' ). An example of an closed interval is '''[136, 450]'''. === Open Intervals === An interval that is open does not include the beginning or the end, and generally takes the form of <math>(a,b)</math>.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> An open interval that has 3 as the beginning and 5 as the end would include every number between 3 and 5, but it would not include 3 or 5. To write an open interval, use parentheses ( '''(''' and ''')''' ). An example of an open interval is '''(2, 5)'''. === Mixed Intervals === A mixed interval is open at one end and closed at the other end, and generally takes the form of <math>[a,b)</math> (right-open interval) or <math>(a,b]</math> (left-open interval).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> This means that the interval may include the beginning but not the end, or it may include the end but not the beginning. For example, the interval '''[9, 23)''' would include 9, but it would not include 23. ==Related pages== * [[Affine arithmetic]] * [[Interval arithmetic]] ==References== <references /> [[Category:Mathematics]] juz07qdxsdykasbpuah5569gn8dtj2s 0 222644 10367633 10362577 2025-07-02T12:55:11Z 38.226.18.206 10367633 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unsourced|date=January 2010}} [[File:Earthlights dmsp 1994–1995.jpg|right|thumb|350px|A satellite image of the earth at night]] '''Night''' or '''nighttime''' is the [[time]] when the [[Sun]] is not in the sky. The opposite of night is [[daytime]]. The start and end times of night are different in different geographic locations. It [[wikt:vary|varies]] on [[season]], [[latitude]], [[longitude]] and [[timezone]]. In other [[time zone]]s, the night occurs at different times. This is because the [[Sun]] shines on different parts of the [[Earth]] at different [[time]]s. During a [[solar eclipse]] it is also partially night because the [[Sun]] is blocked out by the [[Moon]]. The night is takes place between 18:00 until 05:59. ==Related pages== * [[Light pollution]] * [[Polar night]] {{stub}} [[Category:Parts of a day]] 5p6z2i4tt9gkra44hkvqv8z25206zan 10367638 10367633 2025-07-02T12:56:25Z 38.226.18.206 10367638 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unsourced|date=January 2010}} [[File:Earthlights dmsp 1994–1995.jpg|right|thumb|350px|A satellite image of the earth at night]] '''Night''' or '''nighttime''' is the [[time]] when the [[Sun]] is not in the sky. The opposite of night is [[daytime]]. The start and end times of night are different in different geographic locations. It [[wikt:vary|varies]] on [[season]], [[latitude]], [[longitude]] and [[timezone]]. In other [[time zone]]s, the night occurs at different times. This is because the [[Sun]] shines on different parts of the [[Earth]] at different [[time]]s. During a [[solar eclipse]] it is also partially night because the [[Sun]] is blocked out by the [[Moon]]. The night is takes place between 18:00 until 05:59. Night can also refer only to the period from 18:00 until 23:59. ==Related pages== * [[Light pollution]] * [[Polar night]] {{stub}} [[Category:Parts of a day]] g2sp96wgmfnma2dpcgyl16o2wu6183k 0 222941 10368743 7366920 2025-07-03T02:26:31Z LilyKitty 103847 about classocal conditioning 10368743 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Imgnotraçat arc reflex eng.svg|thumb|300px|A reflex arc]] A '''reflex''' (/ˈriːfleks/)<ref>https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/reflex</ref> or '''reflex action''' is an [[wikt:automatic|automatic]] and fast movement in response to a [[stimulus]].<ref>Purves 2004. ''Neuroscience''. 3rd ed, Massachusetts, Sinauer Associates.</ref> A true reflex is a [[behaviour]] done by the '''reflex arc'''. This is the path the signal of a reflex takes. That path is from the outside stimulus to the [[central nervous system]] (CNS), then the path from the CNS to the appropriate muscle. The [[nerve cell]]s responsible for reflexes are not always in the [[brain]], but often in the [[spinal cord]]. This way, reflexes are processed faster. Nerve cells in the brain still get feedback that the reflex action occurred. And, of course, reflex actions involving [[sight]] and [[sound]] are done by the brain. With [[invertebrate]] animals, the brain is not so dominant, and more is done by local reflex arcs in the [[segment]]s. Reflexes may take place even after death. The bite of a poisonous snake can be [[releaser|triggered]] up to several hours after it has died.<ref>Texas man nearly dies after being bitten by severed snake head. ''BBC News''. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-44392861]</ref> If the behaviour is complex, the stimulus is called a [[releaser]], and the behaviour which follows may involve the whole animal for a long time in what is called a [[fixed action pattern]]. However, this is not the usual use of the term "reflex". It is studied in [[ethology]] because it usually involves two animals of the same species. *The word 'reflex' can also be used as a [[metaphor]] for something done quickly, without much thinking. == References == {{Reflist}} == Related pages == *[[Classical conditioning]] [[Category:Reflexes|*]] [[Category:Physiology]] {{sci-stub}} kqjckntpm2t2c41au9nbd1esnczp4sm 0 223036 10368598 6630742 2025-07-03T00:44:04Z JB1615 1110764 10368598 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} {{taxobox | name = ''Alamosaurus'' | fossil_range = [[Upper Cretaceous]] | image = Perot Museum Alamosaurus and Tyrannosaurus.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = Restored skeletons of ''Alamosaurus'' and ''[[Tyrannosaurus]]'' at Perot Museum | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | classis = [[Sauropsid]]a | superordo = [[Dinosaur]]ia | ordo = [[Saurischia]] | subordo = [[Sauropodomorpha]] | infraordo = [[Sauropoda]] | familia = [[Titanosauria]] | subfamilia = [[Saltasauridae]] | genus = '''''Alamosaurus'''''}} '''''Alamosaurus''''' was a [[titanosaur]], a gigantic plant-eating [[dinosaur]] from the [[Upper Cretaceous]] period, about 73 million to 65 million years ago. ''Alamosaurus'' was a long-necked, whip-tailed dinosaur. It was about 69 feet (21 m) long and weighed perhaps 33 tons (30000&nbsp;kg). Fossils have been found in [[New Mexico]], [[Texas]], and [[Utah]]. Fossils include fragmentary skeletons (and no skulls). Skeletal elements of ''Alamosaurus'' are among the most common Late Cretaceous dinosaur [[fossil]]s found in the United States Southwest and are now used to define the [[fauna]] of that time and place. There was a [[climate change]] in this area, it became drier, and this caused changes in the [[fauna]]. Thomas M. Lehman describes it as "the abrupt reemergence of a fauna with a superficially 'Jurassic' aspect".<ref name=Lehman>Lehman T.M. 2001. Late Cretaceous dinosaur provinciality. In: ''Mesozoic vertebrate life'', edited by Tanke D.H. and Carpenter K. Indiana University Press, pp. 310–328.</ref> These faunas are dominated by ''Alamosaurus'' and feature abundant ''[[Quetzalcoatlus]]'' in Texas.<ref name=Lehman/> The ''Alamosaurus'' {{ndash}} ''Quetzalcoatlus'' association probably represent semi-[[arid]] inland [[plains]].<ref name=Lehman/><sup>p201</sup> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Titanosaurs]] [[Category:Cretaceous dinosaurs]] sd2gdb634plrqi4aa49vzvx7icua9ym 0 223084 10369409 9448308 2025-07-03T11:10:05Z 180.150.36.182 10369409 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nasa blue marble.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Earth from space]] The '''age of the Earth''' is estimated at a little over 4.5 [[billion]] years.<ref name=Brent/> Working this out was a difficult [[problem]] to solve. For most of human [[history]], the basic [[fact]]s about the [[planet]] were unknown. The problem was tackled by [[Earth science|Earth scientists]] in the twentieth century.<ref name=Brent/> Modern estimates are based on [[radioactive dating]] methods. The oldest [[mineral]]s on Earth&nbsp;– small [[crystal]]s of [[zircon]] from the [[Jack Hills]] of [[Western Australia]]&nbsp;– are at least 4.4 billion years old.<ref name="nature409">{{cite journal | author=Wilde S.A. | display-authors = etal | title=Evidence from detrital zircons for the existence of continental crust and oceans on the Earth 4.4 Gyr ago | journal=Nature | date=2001-01-11 | volume=409 | pages=175–178 | doi=10.1038/35051550 | pmid=11196637 | issue=6817 | s2cid = 4319774 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | author=Valley, John W.; Peck, William H. & Kin, Elizabeth M. | url=http://www.geology.wisc.edu/outcrop/99/99_pdfs/iso_topics.pdf | year=1999 | title=Zircons are forever | work=The Outcrop, Geology Alumni Newsletter | pages=34–35 | publisher=University of Wisconsin-Madison | access-date=2008-12-22 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author=Wyche S.; Nelson D.R. & Riganti A. | title=4350–3130 Ma detrital zircons in the Southern Cross Granite–Greenstone Terrane, Western Australia: implications for the early evolution of the Yilgarn Craton | journal=Australian Journal of Earth Sciences | year=2004 | volume=51 | issue=1 | pages=31–45 | doi=10.1046/j.1400-0952.2003.01042.x }}</ref> [[Ca-Al-rich inclusions]]&nbsp;– the oldest known solid bits in [[meteorites]] formed in the solar system&nbsp;– are 4.567 [[billion]] years old.<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1126/science.1073950 |date=Sep 2002 | author = Amelin, Y; Krot, An; Hutcheon, Id; Ulyanov, Aa | title = Lead isotopic ages of chondrules and calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions. | volume = 297 | issue = 5587 | pages = 1678–83 | issn = 0036-8075 | pmid = 12215641 | journal = Science | bibcode=2002Sci...297.1678A|s2cid=24923770 }}</ref><ref name="nature436">{{cite journal | author=Baker, J.; Bizzarro, M.; Wittig, N.; Connelly, J.; Haack, H. | title=Early planetesimal melting from an age of 4.5662 Gyr for differentiated meteorites | journal=Nature | date=2005-08-25 | volume=436 | pages=1127–1131 | doi=10.1038/nature03882 | pmid=16121173 | issue=7054 | bibcode=2005Natur.436.1127B| s2cid=4304613 }}</ref> This gives an age for the Solar System and an upper limit for the age of [[Earth]]. == Early science == {{Life timeline}} The first facts about the Earth were worked out by the [[Ancient Greek]]s. A good [[estimate]] of the Earth's [[size]] was made by [[Eratosthenes]] (276 <small>BC</small>–194 <small>BC</small>), using [[trigonometry]]. The first estimate of the Earth's age based on evidence was by [[Benoît de Maillet]] (1656–1738), a [[France|French]] [[diplomat]], [[philosopher]] and [[naturalist]]. He thought the Earth must have developed by slow, [[natural]] forces. He studied [[geology]] in the field. He could see signs of [[erosion]] on land and [[sediment]]ation in the sea.<ref>de Maillet, Benoît 1750. ''Telliamed: or, discourses Between an Indian philosopher and a French missionary, on the diminution of the sea, the formation of the Earth, the origin of men and animals, and other curious subjects, relating to natural history and philosophy''. Osborne, London.</ref> He hid his ideas under the [[guise]] of a talk with an [[India]]n philosopher, to avoid conflict with the [[Catholic Church]]. His work stayed in [[manuscript]] until after his death, when it was [[publish]]ed after its editor had made changes which damaged it. Now there is a better modern edition based on the manuscripts.<ref>de Maillet, Benoît 1968. ''Teliamed, or conversations between an Indian philosopher and a French missionary on the diminution of the sea''. Translated and edited by Albert V. Carozzi. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Chicago & London.</ref> de Maillet estimated that the Earth was older than two [[billion]] years. He also recognized the true nature of [[fossil]]s, and had early ideas about [[evolution]]. == 19th century == In the last quarter of the 19th century there was a long-running debate on the age of the Earth. In [[Charles Lyell]]'s ''Principles of Geology'' (1830–33), he showed that the Earth had changed slowly, and that what we see is the result of gradual changes. This [[uniformitarianism]] clearly meant that the Earth was [[wikt:ancient|ancient]], though Lyell did not try to work out how old. His younger friend [[Charles Darwin]] believed this, too. Darwin saw that if evolution had taken place, it would have required a long time. Also, a huge amount of [[sedimentary rock]] lies between the early fossils in the [[Cambrian]] [[strata]], and the present land surface. Darwin and Lyell agreed that it would have taken a very long time for so much rock to be deposited. In the first edition of ''On the origin of species'' (1859), Darwin had estimated that the erosion of the [[Sussex]] [[Weald]] must have taken 300 million years.<ref name="Janet">Browne, Janet 2002. ''Charles Darwin: the power of place'', volume 2 of a biography. Cape, London.</ref><sup>p314</sup> Both he and Lyell were surprised when the physicist [[William Thomson]] (Lord Kelvin) said the Earth could not be as old as they thought. He made the calculation based on how long it must have taken the Earth to cool down to its present temperature, given a starting point of 2,000<sup>o</sup>C. Kelvin's result was based on the idea that the near-surface geothermal gradient reflects the conductive cooling of the solid Earth. He did this calculation a number of times, making various [[wikt:assumption|assumption]]s. In 1862 his estimate was between 20 and 400 million years; but in 1866 he reduced the top estimate to 100 million years, and attacked Darwin and Lyle for not taking notice of his calculation. We know Darwin was anxious and worried that this would not be long enough to allow for evolution.<ref name="Janet"/> [[Thomas Henry Huxley]] remarked that Kelvin's calculations were good, but his assumptions were wrong. In 1897 Kelvin did the calculation one last time, and came up with 20 to 40 million years.<ref name="Brent"/> This, of course, would definitely not be long enough to allow for evolution. [[Oliver Heaviside]] also disagreed, and proposed an alternative geothermal model. Both Kelvin and Heaviside were eventually shown to be wrong. === Viscous mantle === Right at the end of the 19th century, someone realised that if the [[mantle (geology)|mantle]] was a highly [[Viscosity|viscous]] (sticky) [[fluid]], that would make a great difference to the calculations. In 1895, John Perry, a former assistant to Kelvin, produced an age of Earth estimate of 2 to 3 billion years old using a model of a convective mantle and thin crust.<ref name="kp">{{cite journal | title=Kelvin, Perry and the Age of the Earth | first1=Philip C. | last1=England | first2=Peter | last2=Molnar | first3=Frank M. | last3=Richter | journal=American Scientist | volume=95 | issue=4 | year=2007 | pages=342–349 | doi=10.1511/2007.66.3755 }}</ref> In Kelvin’s model, heat on the Earth’s surface is derived from the cooling of a shallow outer crust, assuming a solid Earth. But if the conductivity inside the Earth were much higher than at the surface, then the [[Earth's core]] and lower mantle would also cool. This would provide a huge store of energy to the surface. In that case, Kelvin’s estimate of the age of the Earth would be too low by many times. Perry's main reason was that [[convection]] in the fluid, or partly fluid, interior of the Earth would transfer heat much more effectively than would [[conduction]]: :"… much internal fluidity would practically mean infinite conductivity for our purpose".<ref>[ftp://rock.geosociety.org/pub/GSAToday/gt0701.pdf GSA Today]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} January 2007</ref> Kelvin stuck by his estimate of 100 million years, and later reduced the estimate to about 20 million years. We now know that the existence of a viscous fluid under a thin crust is a much greater factor than the discovery of [[radioactivity]],<ref name="Brent"/> which was the textbook explanation for many years. The rediscovery and reexamination of Perry's work is quite recent. == 20th century == In 1896 [[Henri Becquerel]] discovered [[radioactivity]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Henri Becquerel|title =Sur les radiations émises par phosphorescence|journal=Comptes Rendus |volume = 122| pages = 420–421|year=1896|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k30780/f422.chemindefer}}</ref><ref>Becquerel, Antoine Henri 1896. On the rays emitted by phosphorescence. ''Comptes Rendus'' '''122''', p420. [http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/becquerel.html translated by Carmen Giunta]. Accessed 10 September 2006.</ref> In 1903, he shared the [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] with [[Pierre Curie|Pierre]] and [[Marie Curie]] "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity". Eventually, it was realized that radioactivity was a major source of heat inside the Earth.<ref name="Brent"/><sup>p206</sup> In 1921 came the first modern estimate, using [[radiometric dating]]. It was based on [[uranium-lead dating]]: the rate of decay of [[uranium]] to [[lead]] in the [[Crust (geology)|crust]] of the Earth, by Henry Norris Russell. He came up with 2 to 8 [[billion]] years.<ref name="Brent"/><sup>p27, table 3.1</sup> In 1949, H.E. Suess estimated 4 to 5 billion years, based on a whole array of radioactive [[isotope]]s. This is close to the time we estimate today, which has been refined further to about 4,560 million years. The calculation makes use of convection in a viscous fluid as well as radioactivity, so it combines Perry's idea with the effect of radioactivity, even though Perry's contribution had been forgotten. The later knowledge of plate [[tectonics]] made it quite certain that the lower mantle was a viscous fluid. === Solar System === The formation and [[wikt:evolution|evolution]] of the [[Solar System]] is estimated to have begun 4.568&nbsp;[[1000000000 (number)|billion]] years ago with the [[gravitation]]al collapse of a small part of a giant [[molecular cloud]].<ref>[http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ngeo941.html Bouvier, Audrey and Meenakshi Wadhwa, "The age of the solar system redefined by the oldest Pb-Pb age of a meteoritic inclusion"]. ''Nature Geoscience,'' Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. Published online 2010-08-22, retrieved 2010-08-26, doi: 10.1038/NGEO941.<br />Date based on oldest inclusions found to date in [[meteorite]]s, thought to be among the first solid material to form in the collapsing solar nebula.</ref> Basically, the whole system developed in the same period of time. == Religious views == Use of the scientific method assumes uniformitarian methods for calculating Earth's age. The [[Hindu]] religion comes closest to the present-day scientific estimate.<ref name="Brent">Dalrymple G. Brent 2004. ''Ancient Earth, ancient skies: the age of Earth and its cosmic surroundings''. Stanford. p26, table 3.1</ref> Some Christians and Jews believe the [[Genesis creation narrative]] is [[wikt:literal|literally]] true, which would mean that the Earth was [[creationism|created]] between 5000 and 10,000 years ago, and the methods used to calculate age have not been consistent throughout Earth's history.<ref>{{cite web|title=Young Earth Creationism|author=Robert J. Schneider|url=http://community.berea.edu/scienceandfaith/essay08.asp|access-date=December 7, 2010}}</ref> However, these days most people think such questions are best answered by [[scientific method]]s. == Related pages == * [[Geochronology]] * [[History of the geologic time scale]] * [[Template:Nature timeline|Nature timeline]] == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:the solar system}} [[Category:Geology]] [[Category:Earth sciences]] [[Category:History of ideas]] [[Category:History of science]] fbmjl2kd66pw61l9iqubli485jigih2 0 226220 10369016 8468435 2025-07-03T05:46:50Z Julipero 1604351 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 10369016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Football club |clubname=Iraklis Thessaloniki F.C |current= |fullname=Iraklis Thessaloniki F.C |nickname= |founded=1908 |ground=[[Kaftatzoglio Stadium]],<br/>[[Thessaloniki]], [[Greece]] |capacity=28,029 |chairman=Antonis Remos |manager=[[Savvas Kofides]] |captain= |league=[[Super League Greece]] |season=[[Super League Greece 2008–09|2008/09]] |position=[[Super League Greece]], 10th }} '''Iraklis''' is a [[Greece|Greek]] [[Association football|football]] club which is based in [[Thessaloniki]]. It is founded in 1908 and it is the most oldest club of Thessaloniki. Iraklis is the third most successful club of Thessaloniki after [[PAOK FC|PAOK]] and Aris. It has won a Greek cup in 1976. He always plays in the highest professional football league of Greece unless one year. The name of club is the name of ancient Greek hero [[Hercules]], which in Greek is said Iraklis. Its colour is the blue and white. ==Other websites== *[http://www.iraklis-fc.gr/ Iraklis Thessaloniki FC - Official website] {{multistub|sport|Europe}} [[Category:Greek football clubs]] [[Category:Thessaloniki]] [[Category:1908 establishments in Europe]] [[Category:20th-century establishments in Greece]] r4jwn8q44712ngepk6vem6wn6ec4577 0 226521 10367926 8454007 2025-07-02T17:00:47Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C US-EN 10367926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} '''''The Cartoon Cartoon Show''''' is the programming block that airs 15 Cartoon Cartoons on [[Cartoon Network]]. The block began airing in 2005 and has appeared on weekends at 8AM and 12PM ever since. The block also appears on weekdays at 2PM. {| class="wikitable" !# !Name !Premiere Date !End Date !Episode Count |- | 1 | ''[[Dexter's Laboratory]]'' | April 28, 1996 | November 20, 2003 | 78 |- | 2 | ''[[Johnny Bravo]]'' | July 7, 1997 | August 27, 2004 | 67 |- | 3 | ''[[Cow and Chicken]]'' | July 15, 1997 | July 24, 1999 | 52 |- | 4 | ''[[I Am Weasel]]'' | July 15, 1997 | March 2, 2000 | 79 |- | 5 | ''[[The Powerpuff Girls]]'' | November 18, 1998 | March 25, 2005 | 79 |- | 6 | ''[[Ed, Edd n Eddy]]'' | January 4, 1999 | November 8, 2009 | 72 |- | 7 | ''[[Mike, Lu & Og]]'' | November 12, 1999 | May 27, 2001 | 26 |- | 8 | ''[[Courage the Cowardly Dog]]'' | November 12, 1999 | November 22, 2002 | 52 |- | 9 | ''[[Sheep in the Big City]]'' | November 4, 2000 | April 7, 2002 | 27 |- | 10 | ''[[Time Squad]]'' | June 8, 2001 | November 26, 2003 | 26 |- | 11 | ''[[Grim & Evil]]'' | August 24, 2001 | October 18, 2002 | 13 |- | 14 | ''[[The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy]]'' | June 13, 2003 | November 9, 2007 | 78 |- | 15 | ''[[Evil Con Carne]]'' | July 11, 2003 | March 16, 2007 | 15 |- | 12 | ''[[Whatever Happened to Robot Jones?]]'' | July 19, 2002 | November 14, 2003 | 14 |- | 13 | ''[[Codename: Kids Next Door]]'' | December 6, 2002 | January 21, 2008 | 78 |} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cartoon Cartoon Show}} [[Category:1995 American television series debuts]] [[Category:1997 American television series endings]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:Cartoon Network series]] 7subjg4e0tamb9aj8bqxye2wsjxdbsq 0 227811 10369185 8421725 2025-07-03T08:17:37Z 180.150.36.182 /* References */ 10369185 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Red sofa.jpg|thumb|Couches come in many kinds of colors such as red.]] A '''couch''', '''sofa''' or '''settee''' is a kind of [[furniture]] that is designed to seat more than one person. It usually has a place to rest your arm on each side. Couches are normally found in the [[living room]] or in front of the [[Television|TV]]. In the 17th and 18th centuries, a couch was thought as a long, upward seat for resting on. One end would slope up high enough to provide a place for the head to rest.<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/140015/couch |title=couch (furniture) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia |work=britannica.com |access-date=3 May 2010 }}</ref> Some late 18th-century kinds of couches had an arm running partly down one side, and this type continued to be made in England. In [[Greece|Greek]] places, there were flowing designs with all kind of [[elegant]] colors. Many of them had [[scroll|scrolled]] ends and short legs. The couch was later taken over by the overstuffed sofa during the Victorian age. == Expression == Because the couch is usually set in front of the [[TV]], it is the main place where people usually sit and watch it. Lazy people would eventually seem to be stuck to it all the time. This person, a person who does not do a lot of physical activity, was called a "couch potato". This was also because potatoes do not move at all, and does not do anything but just sits there.<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://www.englishdaily626.com/slang.php?029 |title=Slang - Learn American slang expressions |work=englishdaily626.com |access-date=3 May 2010 }}</ref> This may also be considered as [[slang]]. Couch came from the word ''couche'', which means, "a bed, lair," or from the word ''coucher'', which means "to lie down."<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=couch&searchmode=none |title=Online Etymology Dictionary |work=etymonline.com |access-date=3 May 2010 }}</ref> == Types == The most common types of couches in homes are the "love seats" for two, or the "sofa" for more than two. Other couches include the ''divan'' or the "''fainting couch''", which usually does not have a back. Couches are usually bought in a set together with [[cushion]]s, which give them a bouncey and decorative comfortable touch. ==References== {{reflist}} * John Gloag, ''A Short Dictionary of Furniture'' rev. ed. 1962. (London: Allen & Unwin) == Other websites == * [http://www.balashon.com/2006/12/sofa.html Etymology of "sofa"] {{Commons category|Couches}} [[Category:Furniture]] m78xwcwpfpoifg0xm6j7nucyhhtlb4f 10369187 10369185 2025-07-03T08:18:02Z 180.150.36.182 10369187 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Red sofa.jpg|thumb|Couches come in many kinds of colors such as red.]] A '''couch''', '''sofa''' or '''settee''' is a kind of [[furniture]] that is designed to seat more than one person. It usually has a place to rest your arm on each side. Couches are normally found in the [[living room]] or in front of the [[Television|TV]]. In the 17th and 18th centuries, a couch was thought as a long, upward seat for resting on. One end would slope up high enough to provide a place for the head to rest.<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/140015/couch |title=couch (furniture) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia |work=britannica.com |access-date=3 May 2010 }}</ref> Some late 18th-century kinds of couches had an arm running partly down one side, and this type continued to be made in England. In [[Greece|Greek]] places, there were flowing designs with all kind of [[elegant]] colors. Many of them had [[scroll|scrolled]] ends and short legs. The couch was later taken over by the overstuffed sofa during the Victorian age. == Expression == Because the couch is usually set in front of the [[TV]], it is the main place where people usually sit and watch it. Lazy people would eventually seem to be stuck to it all the time. This person, a person who does not do a lot of physical activity, was called a "couch potato". This was also because potatoes do not move at all, and does not do anything but just sits there.<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://www.englishdaily626.com/slang.php?029 |title=Slang - Learn American slang expressions |work=englishdaily626.com |access-date=3 May 2010 }}</ref> This may also be considered as [[slang]]. Couch came from the word ''couche'', which means, "a bed, lair," or from the word ''coucher'', which means "to lie down."<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=couch&searchmode=none |title=Online Etymology Dictionary |work=etymonline.com |access-date=3 May 2010 }}</ref> == Types == The most common types of couches in homes are the "love seats" for two, or the "sofa" for more than two. Other couches include the ''divan'' or the "''fainting couch''", which usually does not have a back. Couches are usually bought in a set together with [[cushion]]s, which give them a bouncey and decorative comfortable touch. ==References== {{reflist}} * John Gloag, ''A Short Dictionary of Furniture'' rev. ed. 1962. (London: Allen & Unwin) ==Other websites== * [http://www.balashon.com/2006/12/sofa.html Etymology of "sofa"] {{Commons category|Couches}} [[Category:Furniture]] cm9alfyv2xie1n91k2bn5wdb4h3sh1w 10369189 10369187 2025-07-03T08:18:34Z 180.150.36.182 10369189 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Red sofa.jpg|thumb|Couches come in many kinds of colors such as red.]] A '''couch''', '''sofa''' or '''settee''' is a kind of [[furniture]] that is designed to seat more than one person. It usually has a place to rest your arm on each side. Couches are normally found in the [[living room]] or in front of the [[Television|TV]]. In the 17th and 18th centuries, a couch was thought as a long, upward seat for resting on. One end would slope up high enough to provide a place for the head to rest.<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/140015/couch |title=couch (furniture) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia |work=britannica.com |access-date=3 May 2010 }}</ref> Some late 18th-century kinds of couches had an arm running partly down one side, and this type continued to be made in England. In [[Greece|Greek]] places, there were flowing designs with all kind of [[elegant]] colors. Many of them had [[scroll|scrolled]] ends and short legs. The couch was later taken over by the overstuffed sofa during the Victorian age. == Expression == Because the couch is usually set in front of the [[TV]], it is the main place where people usually sit and watch it. Lazy people would eventually seem to be stuck to it all the time. This person, a person who does not do a lot of physical activity, was called a "couch potato". This was also because potatoes do not move at all, and does not do anything but just sits there.<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://www.englishdaily626.com/slang.php?029 |title=Slang - Learn American slang expressions |work=englishdaily626.com |access-date=3 May 2010 }}</ref> This may also be considered as [[slang]]. Couch came from the word ''couche'', which means, "a bed, lair," or from the word ''coucher'', which means "to lie down."<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=couch&searchmode=none |title=Online Etymology Dictionary |work=etymonline.com |access-date=3 May 2010 }}</ref> == Types == The most common types of couches in homes are the "love seats" for two, or the "sofa" for more than two. Other couches include the ''divan'' or the "''fainting couch''", which usually does not have a back. Couches are usually bought in a set together with [[cushion]]s, which give them a bouncey and decorative comfortable touch. ==References== {{reflist}} * John Gloag, ''A Short Dictionary of Furniture'' rev. ed. 1962. (London: Allen & Unwin) ==Other websites== * [http://www.balashon.com/2006/12/sofa.html Etymology of "sofa"] {{Commons category|Couches}} [[Category:Furniture]] favn3tj6gou35g7i7kl20gga57fah3m 0 230901 10367867 10140177 2025-07-02T16:14:55Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Related pages */ US-EN 10367867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} '''''Captain Planet and the Planeteers''''', also known as simply '''''Captain Planet''''', is an [[United States|American]] [[animated]] [[environment]]alist [[television]] program, based on an idea by [[Ted Turner]] and produced by [[Andy Heyward]], [[Robby London]], [[Barbara Pyle]] and [[Nicholas Boxer]]. The series was developed and co-produced by Turner Program Services along with the partnership of [[DiC Entertainment]] and ran new [[episode]]s from September 10, 1990 until December 5, 1992. A second series, ''The New Adventures of Captain Planet'', ran for three seasons and was produced by Turner Broadcasting and then-corporate sibling Hanna-Barbera Productions. Both programs continue today in [[syndication]]. ==Related pages== *[[Captain Planet]] {{tv-stub}} [[Category:1990s American animated television series]] [[Category:1990 American television series debuts]] [[Category:1992 American television series endings]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] ds9f8f2hjqal39zhr03mf1cbo9vztpr 4 232191 10368916 10366971 2025-07-03T04:01:07Z Bot873 764901 Bot: Archiving 2 threads (older than 14 days) to [[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Current issues and requests archive 85]] 10368916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/header}} {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Current issues and requests archive %(counter)d |algo = old(14d) |counter = 85 |maxarchivesize = 100K |minthreadsleft = 4 }} __NEWSECTIONLINK__ <inputbox> type=fulltext prefix=Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard break=no width=30 searchbuttonlabel=Search all Administrators' noticeboard archives </inputbox> __TOC__ <!-- FOR EMERGENCIES ONLY: If an issue has not been replied to, and an '''immediate''' response is required to prevent ongoing harm to the project, ping an administrator in the WP:IRC #wikipedia-simple channel using !admin@simplewiki or in the WP:DISCORD channel #simple-english-wikipedia using @SimpleEnglishAdmins --> == [[Bhumibol Adulyadej]] and [[Vajiralongkorn]] == Helo fellow Admins, please protect these articles due to persistent vandalism by changing the date of death, reign and age of Bhumibol Adulyadej. The IP user also vandalise his successor, incumbent Vajiralongkorn. Thank you. <span style="font-family:Candara">[[User:Henri_Aja|🅷🅴🅽🆁🅸]][[User_Talk:Henri_Aja|<span style="text-shadow: 2px 5px 2px #7A7A7A;"> <small><sup>'''Talk'''</sup></small> &#9993;</span>]]</span> 15:25, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Henri Aja|Henri Aja]]: First one semi-protected for 3 months. The other one not protected because it hasn't had much vandalism, and none in the last week. Feel free to report it again if vandalism increases. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:07, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you @[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]], much appreciated. <span style="font-family:Candara">[[User:Henri_Aja|🅷🅴🅽🆁🅸]][[User_Talk:Henri_Aja|<span style="text-shadow: 2px 5px 2px #7A7A7A;"> <small><sup>'''Talk'''</sup></small> &#9993;</span>]]</span> 06:08, 21 June 2025 (UTC) :I got a minor error that was remaining [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 08:23, 21 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you @[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]]. <span style="font-family:Candara">[[User:Henri_Aja|🅷🅴🅽🆁🅸]][[User_Talk:Henri_Aja|<span style="text-shadow: 2px 5px 2px #7A7A7A;"> <small><sup>'''Talk'''</sup></small> &#9993;</span>]]</span> 08:30, 21 June 2025 (UTC) == Edit war at [[Roma people]] == Hi all, this morning I got a request to look into this case, and I did see some disruptive editing from the account here and on enwiki for which I blocked them. However, I think some effort at communicating should have been done by other involved users. Now that this has passed, I would like to bring the page to a stable version. {{ping|Steven1991}} thinks that the current content is dubious and promotes a POV, and on my not-so-deep analysis, I do think that is the case to an extent. So, if someone with some degree of familiarity can look into the sources and update the page to a stable version, that'd be great. Since this has been going on for a while, I would like someone familiar to review it once before we see if the page needs protectsion.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 12:12, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :Id like a more detailed rationale as to what is NPOV, but realistically this is a content issue now, rather than an administrative one. '''[[User:Lee Vilenski|<span style="color:green">Lee Vilenski</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Lee Vilenski|talk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Lee Vilenski|contribs]])</sup>''' 12:40, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:BRPever|BRPever]] The user seems to have [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Snape8382 set up another account] to repeat the same action, with deceptive editing summaries. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 19:19, 23 June 2025 (UTC) == Hollowww - edit intentions == {{User|Hollowww}} has made 804 edits since starting to edit here on June 4. Of those 805 edits, 800 are to their user space, 2 to their user talk, 1 to Wikipedia space, 1 to the template space, and 1 to a main space article. They have made 36 subpages of articles that are unlikely to pass Simple English standards for language and construction. They are currently blocked on English Wikipedia for sockpuppetry. I asked about their edit intentions on their user talk page and they said "I only want to make and use sandbox there, I don't intend to create articles at the moment" and, when asked what they're writing the drafts/what they intend to do with them, "Just for fun I'd say, I like writing." I see [[WP:NOTHERE]] intentions with this account; they don't intend to contribute to the project, just to write their own things for their own "entertainment." Can an admin please review if further discussion or any action is needed with the user? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 10:43, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :Thank you for bringing this to my attention. I can assure you that I never meant to actually publish any articles on the Simple Wikipedia, and that I have been using my sandbox area for personal practice and to learn formatting and editing suitable for Wikipedia. I understand how my edits could have appeared suspicious to you and other editors, and I apologize for creating any misunderstanding that I did. I'm glad to restrict my sandbox activities or follow any recommendations or advice to avoid that this all happens again. -- [[User:Hollowww|Hollowww]] ([[User talk:Hollowww|talk]]) 12:21, 23 June 2025 (UTC) == [[Salin Man Bania]] == Hello fellow administrators. I need help you for deleting the article because this article have deleted in English Wikipedia and many others the reason is cross-wiki spam article. Regards [[User:Badak Jawa|Badak Jawa]] ([[User talk:Badak Jawa|talk]]) 22:34, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] please delete the article [[User:Badak Jawa|Badak Jawa]] ([[User talk:Badak Jawa|talk]]) 22:35, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Badak Jawa|Badak Jawa]] I've QD-tagged their articles under G5, You could've done this yourself, Also please stop pinging admins as it's not an emergency and the articles will be deleted when the next available admin comes back online, Until then we be patient and wait, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:38, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Badak Jawa|Badak Jawa]]: The article has been deleted. I agree with Davey: please do not ping individual administrators when you post on the admins' noticeboard. Thanks. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:05, 24 June 2025 (UTC) == Mia9542 == {{user5|Mia9542}} The above user continues to create articles as translations that require clean up from other users or have questionable notability. They have been warned to stop many times, including by an administrator, but continue their article creations. They have not edited anywhere but articles; they have not made any indication that they are aware of the concerns. They are blocked on the English Wikipedia as a sock of a long-term blocked IP address. Please consider a ONESTRIKE application for creating bad pages and not engaging in addressing concerns. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 19:54, 26 June 2025 (UTC) :Imho their articles should be nuked and they should be blocked per ONESTRIKE, All of their articles are more or less one-liner stubs none of which contain any sources at all, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 19:59, 26 June 2025 (UTC) *I blocked the user. They've been warned numerous times, and I actually fixed quite a few of their articles. However, they don't seem to be willing to learn or responding to the existing problems. It's time to stop that per [[WP:ONESTRIKE]] and creating bad pages or making unhelpful changes to the project. I'm not going to just delete everything, we need to sort that out a bit. Articles that are already fixed and notable don't need to be deleted. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 20:07, 26 June 2025 (UTC) *:@[[User:Barras|Barras]] Oops sorry Barras, I had only checked 3 of their articles and those 3 were unsourced-one-liners so I simply assumed they all were, Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 23:09, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == RFD backlog == There is a big RFD backlog. [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">hi</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 08:40, 27 June 2025 (UTC) :Sorry, admin. I've been working on reducing the count at [[Special:WithoutInterwiki]], and it's resulting in a lot of RFDs and QDs because there are many pages that slipped through new page patrols. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 13:39, 27 June 2025 (UTC) :I mean, it has been that way for a while. We are mopping our best. ;}-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 13:40, 27 June 2025 (UTC) ::Just closed a bunch of requests. The backlog is now down to the pages I nominated. Someone else should close those requests. (If no one is doing that, I will also take care of those requests.) -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 13:46, 27 June 2025 (UTC) :::I closed the rest, except one which I think might need some more discussion.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 13:58, 27 June 2025 (UTC) == Revdel request == Hi, Could someone revdel [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Hitler&diff=prev&oldid=10356697 this] please, Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 10:41, 27 June 2025 (UTC) {{section resolved|Done. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 11:46, 27 June 2025 (UTC)}} == Request for page protection: Sophie Xeon == Hello, I would like to request semi-protection or full protection for the article [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_(musician) Sophie Xeon]. The page has been subject to recent vandalism and disrespectful content regarding SOPHIE’s gender identity and cause of death. I believe page protection is necessary to prevent further harm, especially given the sensitive nature of the subject and SOPHIE’s status as a respected figure in the transgender and music communities. Thank you. [[User:Berlington11|Berlington11]] ([[User talk:Berlington11|talk]]) 16:23, 28 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Berlington11|Berlington11]]: {{not done}} Our rule of thumb is to protect pages if there is so much vandalism that it's difficult to keep up with. That isn't the case here. The most recent edits to the page were on 28 June: there were four edits, including your three. During this month, there were only seven edits, including the four on 28 June. That isn't enough to protect. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 03:58, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::Ah. Alright then. ::Thanks for response! ::[[User:Berlington11|Berlington11]] ([[User talk:Berlington11|talk]]) 08:06, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Userspace admin protection == I will try to create a more complete list (if there are anymore) tomorrow, but for now can an admin please unprotect [[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment/Archive box]]. I'm sorry, I had not planned for what happens if I don't have the permissions lol. --[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|IWI]] ([[User talk:ImprovedWikiImprovment|talk]]) 01:05, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :No urgency at all btw. --[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|IWI]] ([[User talk:ImprovedWikiImprovment|talk]]) 01:05, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|ImprovedWikiImprovment]]: {{done}} -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 03:52, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks :) --[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|IWI]] ([[User talk:ImprovedWikiImprovment|talk]]) 03:54, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Protection of [[Italian brainrot]] == The Italian Brainrot page has been repeatedly vandalized. I suggest restricting it to auto-confirmed users and up [[User:Thegoofhere|Thegoofhere]] ([[User talk:Thegoofhere|talk]]) 05:34, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Thegoofhere|Thegoofhere]]: {{not done}} Our rule of thumb is to protect pages if there is so much vandalism that it's difficult to keep up with. That isn't the case here. The article has had only 5 edits in the last week. The most recent edits before that were a few on 14 June. That isn't enough to protect. Feel free to report again if the amount of vandalism becomes difficult to keep up with. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 07:03, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Page SputnikMusic Being Consistently Edited by Agenda'd Ex-Staff == https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sputnikmusic&action=history Users keep adding an unnecessary "Controversy" section (with and without neutral language issues) There was indeed a contingent of staff who recently chose to leave the site. Some have taken defamation of the site to wikipedia. I apologize for any edit warring. User "tectactoe" is a user who has decided to aggressively provide "support" to ex-staffers. TwentyWhiteTents is former staff member JohnnyOfTheWell who has been demoted and banned from the site and is understandably unhappy about that. [[Special:Contributions/2600:4040:A23F:900:8BB:5878:CD57:304D|2600:4040:A23F:900:8BB:5878:CD57:304D]] ([[User talk:2600:4040:A23F:900:8BB:5878:CD57:304D|talk]]) 14:04, 1 July 2025 (UTC) :This is the Simple English Wikipedia. You need to ask on the admins noticeboard on the English Wikipedia. We can't help you here '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 14:16, 1 July 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks! Sorry, I have no idea what I'm doing. [[Special:Contributions/2600:4040:A23F:900:8BB:5878:CD57:304D|2600:4040:A23F:900:8BB:5878:CD57:304D]] ([[User talk:2600:4040:A23F:900:8BB:5878:CD57:304D|talk]]) 14:19, 1 July 2025 (UTC) b76re3ftrl2onw53whm0s3pun081hf1 10369100 10368916 2025-07-03T07:34:59Z Cactusisme 1477024 /* Abuse filter */ new section 10369100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/header}} {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Current issues and requests archive %(counter)d |algo = old(14d) |counter = 85 |maxarchivesize = 100K |minthreadsleft = 4 }} __NEWSECTIONLINK__ <inputbox> type=fulltext prefix=Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard break=no width=30 searchbuttonlabel=Search all Administrators' noticeboard archives </inputbox> __TOC__ <!-- FOR EMERGENCIES ONLY: If an issue has not been replied to, and an '''immediate''' response is required to prevent ongoing harm to the project, ping an administrator in the WP:IRC #wikipedia-simple channel using !admin@simplewiki or in the WP:DISCORD channel #simple-english-wikipedia using @SimpleEnglishAdmins --> == [[Bhumibol Adulyadej]] and [[Vajiralongkorn]] == Helo fellow Admins, please protect these articles due to persistent vandalism by changing the date of death, reign and age of Bhumibol Adulyadej. The IP user also vandalise his successor, incumbent Vajiralongkorn. Thank you. <span style="font-family:Candara">[[User:Henri_Aja|🅷🅴🅽🆁🅸]][[User_Talk:Henri_Aja|<span style="text-shadow: 2px 5px 2px #7A7A7A;"> <small><sup>'''Talk'''</sup></small> &#9993;</span>]]</span> 15:25, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Henri Aja|Henri Aja]]: First one semi-protected for 3 months. The other one not protected because it hasn't had much vandalism, and none in the last week. Feel free to report it again if vandalism increases. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:07, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you @[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]], much appreciated. <span style="font-family:Candara">[[User:Henri_Aja|🅷🅴🅽🆁🅸]][[User_Talk:Henri_Aja|<span style="text-shadow: 2px 5px 2px #7A7A7A;"> <small><sup>'''Talk'''</sup></small> &#9993;</span>]]</span> 06:08, 21 June 2025 (UTC) :I got a minor error that was remaining [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 08:23, 21 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you @[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]]. <span style="font-family:Candara">[[User:Henri_Aja|🅷🅴🅽🆁🅸]][[User_Talk:Henri_Aja|<span style="text-shadow: 2px 5px 2px #7A7A7A;"> <small><sup>'''Talk'''</sup></small> &#9993;</span>]]</span> 08:30, 21 June 2025 (UTC) == Edit war at [[Roma people]] == Hi all, this morning I got a request to look into this case, and I did see some disruptive editing from the account here and on enwiki for which I blocked them. However, I think some effort at communicating should have been done by other involved users. Now that this has passed, I would like to bring the page to a stable version. {{ping|Steven1991}} thinks that the current content is dubious and promotes a POV, and on my not-so-deep analysis, I do think that is the case to an extent. So, if someone with some degree of familiarity can look into the sources and update the page to a stable version, that'd be great. Since this has been going on for a while, I would like someone familiar to review it once before we see if the page needs protectsion.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 12:12, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :Id like a more detailed rationale as to what is NPOV, but realistically this is a content issue now, rather than an administrative one. '''[[User:Lee Vilenski|<span style="color:green">Lee Vilenski</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Lee Vilenski|talk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Lee Vilenski|contribs]])</sup>''' 12:40, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:BRPever|BRPever]] The user seems to have [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Snape8382 set up another account] to repeat the same action, with deceptive editing summaries. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 19:19, 23 June 2025 (UTC) == Hollowww - edit intentions == {{User|Hollowww}} has made 804 edits since starting to edit here on June 4. Of those 805 edits, 800 are to their user space, 2 to their user talk, 1 to Wikipedia space, 1 to the template space, and 1 to a main space article. They have made 36 subpages of articles that are unlikely to pass Simple English standards for language and construction. They are currently blocked on English Wikipedia for sockpuppetry. I asked about their edit intentions on their user talk page and they said "I only want to make and use sandbox there, I don't intend to create articles at the moment" and, when asked what they're writing the drafts/what they intend to do with them, "Just for fun I'd say, I like writing." I see [[WP:NOTHERE]] intentions with this account; they don't intend to contribute to the project, just to write their own things for their own "entertainment." Can an admin please review if further discussion or any action is needed with the user? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 10:43, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :Thank you for bringing this to my attention. I can assure you that I never meant to actually publish any articles on the Simple Wikipedia, and that I have been using my sandbox area for personal practice and to learn formatting and editing suitable for Wikipedia. I understand how my edits could have appeared suspicious to you and other editors, and I apologize for creating any misunderstanding that I did. I'm glad to restrict my sandbox activities or follow any recommendations or advice to avoid that this all happens again. -- [[User:Hollowww|Hollowww]] ([[User talk:Hollowww|talk]]) 12:21, 23 June 2025 (UTC) == [[Salin Man Bania]] == Hello fellow administrators. I need help you for deleting the article because this article have deleted in English Wikipedia and many others the reason is cross-wiki spam article. Regards [[User:Badak Jawa|Badak Jawa]] ([[User talk:Badak Jawa|talk]]) 22:34, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] please delete the article [[User:Badak Jawa|Badak Jawa]] ([[User talk:Badak Jawa|talk]]) 22:35, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Badak Jawa|Badak Jawa]] I've QD-tagged their articles under G5, You could've done this yourself, Also please stop pinging admins as it's not an emergency and the articles will be deleted when the next available admin comes back online, Until then we be patient and wait, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:38, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Badak Jawa|Badak Jawa]]: The article has been deleted. I agree with Davey: please do not ping individual administrators when you post on the admins' noticeboard. Thanks. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:05, 24 June 2025 (UTC) == Mia9542 == {{user5|Mia9542}} The above user continues to create articles as translations that require clean up from other users or have questionable notability. They have been warned to stop many times, including by an administrator, but continue their article creations. They have not edited anywhere but articles; they have not made any indication that they are aware of the concerns. They are blocked on the English Wikipedia as a sock of a long-term blocked IP address. Please consider a ONESTRIKE application for creating bad pages and not engaging in addressing concerns. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 19:54, 26 June 2025 (UTC) :Imho their articles should be nuked and they should be blocked per ONESTRIKE, All of their articles are more or less one-liner stubs none of which contain any sources at all, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 19:59, 26 June 2025 (UTC) *I blocked the user. They've been warned numerous times, and I actually fixed quite a few of their articles. However, they don't seem to be willing to learn or responding to the existing problems. It's time to stop that per [[WP:ONESTRIKE]] and creating bad pages or making unhelpful changes to the project. I'm not going to just delete everything, we need to sort that out a bit. Articles that are already fixed and notable don't need to be deleted. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 20:07, 26 June 2025 (UTC) *:@[[User:Barras|Barras]] Oops sorry Barras, I had only checked 3 of their articles and those 3 were unsourced-one-liners so I simply assumed they all were, Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 23:09, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == RFD backlog == There is a big RFD backlog. [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">hi</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 08:40, 27 June 2025 (UTC) :Sorry, admin. I've been working on reducing the count at [[Special:WithoutInterwiki]], and it's resulting in a lot of RFDs and QDs because there are many pages that slipped through new page patrols. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 13:39, 27 June 2025 (UTC) :I mean, it has been that way for a while. We are mopping our best. ;}-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 13:40, 27 June 2025 (UTC) ::Just closed a bunch of requests. The backlog is now down to the pages I nominated. Someone else should close those requests. (If no one is doing that, I will also take care of those requests.) -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 13:46, 27 June 2025 (UTC) :::I closed the rest, except one which I think might need some more discussion.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 13:58, 27 June 2025 (UTC) == Revdel request == Hi, Could someone revdel [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Hitler&diff=prev&oldid=10356697 this] please, Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 10:41, 27 June 2025 (UTC) {{section resolved|Done. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 11:46, 27 June 2025 (UTC)}} == Request for page protection: Sophie Xeon == Hello, I would like to request semi-protection or full protection for the article [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_(musician) Sophie Xeon]. The page has been subject to recent vandalism and disrespectful content regarding SOPHIE’s gender identity and cause of death. I believe page protection is necessary to prevent further harm, especially given the sensitive nature of the subject and SOPHIE’s status as a respected figure in the transgender and music communities. Thank you. [[User:Berlington11|Berlington11]] ([[User talk:Berlington11|talk]]) 16:23, 28 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Berlington11|Berlington11]]: {{not done}} Our rule of thumb is to protect pages if there is so much vandalism that it's difficult to keep up with. That isn't the case here. The most recent edits to the page were on 28 June: there were four edits, including your three. During this month, there were only seven edits, including the four on 28 June. That isn't enough to protect. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 03:58, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::Ah. Alright then. ::Thanks for response! ::[[User:Berlington11|Berlington11]] ([[User talk:Berlington11|talk]]) 08:06, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Userspace admin protection == I will try to create a more complete list (if there are anymore) tomorrow, but for now can an admin please unprotect [[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment/Archive box]]. I'm sorry, I had not planned for what happens if I don't have the permissions lol. --[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|IWI]] ([[User talk:ImprovedWikiImprovment|talk]]) 01:05, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :No urgency at all btw. --[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|IWI]] ([[User talk:ImprovedWikiImprovment|talk]]) 01:05, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|ImprovedWikiImprovment]]: {{done}} -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 03:52, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks :) --[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|IWI]] ([[User talk:ImprovedWikiImprovment|talk]]) 03:54, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Protection of [[Italian brainrot]] == The Italian Brainrot page has been repeatedly vandalized. I suggest restricting it to auto-confirmed users and up [[User:Thegoofhere|Thegoofhere]] ([[User talk:Thegoofhere|talk]]) 05:34, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Thegoofhere|Thegoofhere]]: {{not done}} Our rule of thumb is to protect pages if there is so much vandalism that it's difficult to keep up with. That isn't the case here. The article has had only 5 edits in the last week. The most recent edits before that were a few on 14 June. That isn't enough to protect. Feel free to report again if the amount of vandalism becomes difficult to keep up with. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 07:03, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Page SputnikMusic Being Consistently Edited by Agenda'd Ex-Staff == https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sputnikmusic&action=history Users keep adding an unnecessary "Controversy" section (with and without neutral language issues) There was indeed a contingent of staff who recently chose to leave the site. Some have taken defamation of the site to wikipedia. I apologize for any edit warring. User "tectactoe" is a user who has decided to aggressively provide "support" to ex-staffers. TwentyWhiteTents is former staff member JohnnyOfTheWell who has been demoted and banned from the site and is understandably unhappy about that. [[Special:Contributions/2600:4040:A23F:900:8BB:5878:CD57:304D|2600:4040:A23F:900:8BB:5878:CD57:304D]] ([[User talk:2600:4040:A23F:900:8BB:5878:CD57:304D|talk]]) 14:04, 1 July 2025 (UTC) :This is the Simple English Wikipedia. You need to ask on the admins noticeboard on the English Wikipedia. We can't help you here '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 14:16, 1 July 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks! Sorry, I have no idea what I'm doing. [[Special:Contributions/2600:4040:A23F:900:8BB:5878:CD57:304D|2600:4040:A23F:900:8BB:5878:CD57:304D]] ([[User talk:2600:4040:A23F:900:8BB:5878:CD57:304D|talk]]) 14:19, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == Abuse filter == These abuse filters have not been hit for the pass few years and should be disabled: *[[Special:AbuseFilter/112|112]] ([[User:Eptalon|By Eptalon, 2 hits, last hit in 2024]]) *[[Special:AbuseFilter/120|120]] ([[User:Operator873|By Operator873, 44 hits, last hit in 2023]]) *[[Special:AbuseFilter/140|140]] ([[User:Fr33kman|By Fr33kman, 45 hits, last hit in 2024]]) *[[Special:AbuseFilter/141|141]] ([[User:Fr33kman|By Fr33kman, 2 hits, last hit in 2024]]) [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">hi</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 07:34, 3 July 2025 (UTC) p6ssjkifnacrtp2buv79873xga2mbe4 10369116 10369100 2025-07-03T07:47:11Z Cactusisme 1477024 /* Abuse filter */ 10369116 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/header}} {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Current issues and requests archive %(counter)d |algo = old(14d) |counter = 85 |maxarchivesize = 100K |minthreadsleft = 4 }} __NEWSECTIONLINK__ <inputbox> type=fulltext prefix=Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard break=no width=30 searchbuttonlabel=Search all Administrators' noticeboard archives </inputbox> __TOC__ <!-- FOR EMERGENCIES ONLY: If an issue has not been replied to, and an '''immediate''' response is required to prevent ongoing harm to the project, ping an administrator in the WP:IRC #wikipedia-simple channel using !admin@simplewiki or in the WP:DISCORD channel #simple-english-wikipedia using @SimpleEnglishAdmins --> == [[Bhumibol Adulyadej]] and [[Vajiralongkorn]] == Helo fellow Admins, please protect these articles due to persistent vandalism by changing the date of death, reign and age of Bhumibol Adulyadej. The IP user also vandalise his successor, incumbent Vajiralongkorn. Thank you. <span style="font-family:Candara">[[User:Henri_Aja|🅷🅴🅽🆁🅸]][[User_Talk:Henri_Aja|<span style="text-shadow: 2px 5px 2px #7A7A7A;"> <small><sup>'''Talk'''</sup></small> &#9993;</span>]]</span> 15:25, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Henri Aja|Henri Aja]]: First one semi-protected for 3 months. The other one not protected because it hasn't had much vandalism, and none in the last week. Feel free to report it again if vandalism increases. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:07, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you @[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]], much appreciated. <span style="font-family:Candara">[[User:Henri_Aja|🅷🅴🅽🆁🅸]][[User_Talk:Henri_Aja|<span style="text-shadow: 2px 5px 2px #7A7A7A;"> <small><sup>'''Talk'''</sup></small> &#9993;</span>]]</span> 06:08, 21 June 2025 (UTC) :I got a minor error that was remaining [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 08:23, 21 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you @[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]]. <span style="font-family:Candara">[[User:Henri_Aja|🅷🅴🅽🆁🅸]][[User_Talk:Henri_Aja|<span style="text-shadow: 2px 5px 2px #7A7A7A;"> <small><sup>'''Talk'''</sup></small> &#9993;</span>]]</span> 08:30, 21 June 2025 (UTC) == Edit war at [[Roma people]] == Hi all, this morning I got a request to look into this case, and I did see some disruptive editing from the account here and on enwiki for which I blocked them. However, I think some effort at communicating should have been done by other involved users. Now that this has passed, I would like to bring the page to a stable version. {{ping|Steven1991}} thinks that the current content is dubious and promotes a POV, and on my not-so-deep analysis, I do think that is the case to an extent. So, if someone with some degree of familiarity can look into the sources and update the page to a stable version, that'd be great. Since this has been going on for a while, I would like someone familiar to review it once before we see if the page needs protectsion.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 12:12, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :Id like a more detailed rationale as to what is NPOV, but realistically this is a content issue now, rather than an administrative one. '''[[User:Lee Vilenski|<span style="color:green">Lee Vilenski</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Lee Vilenski|talk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Lee Vilenski|contribs]])</sup>''' 12:40, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:BRPever|BRPever]] The user seems to have [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Snape8382 set up another account] to repeat the same action, with deceptive editing summaries. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 19:19, 23 June 2025 (UTC) == Hollowww - edit intentions == {{User|Hollowww}} has made 804 edits since starting to edit here on June 4. Of those 805 edits, 800 are to their user space, 2 to their user talk, 1 to Wikipedia space, 1 to the template space, and 1 to a main space article. They have made 36 subpages of articles that are unlikely to pass Simple English standards for language and construction. They are currently blocked on English Wikipedia for sockpuppetry. I asked about their edit intentions on their user talk page and they said "I only want to make and use sandbox there, I don't intend to create articles at the moment" and, when asked what they're writing the drafts/what they intend to do with them, "Just for fun I'd say, I like writing." I see [[WP:NOTHERE]] intentions with this account; they don't intend to contribute to the project, just to write their own things for their own "entertainment." Can an admin please review if further discussion or any action is needed with the user? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 10:43, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :Thank you for bringing this to my attention. I can assure you that I never meant to actually publish any articles on the Simple Wikipedia, and that I have been using my sandbox area for personal practice and to learn formatting and editing suitable for Wikipedia. I understand how my edits could have appeared suspicious to you and other editors, and I apologize for creating any misunderstanding that I did. I'm glad to restrict my sandbox activities or follow any recommendations or advice to avoid that this all happens again. -- [[User:Hollowww|Hollowww]] ([[User talk:Hollowww|talk]]) 12:21, 23 June 2025 (UTC) == [[Salin Man Bania]] == Hello fellow administrators. I need help you for deleting the article because this article have deleted in English Wikipedia and many others the reason is cross-wiki spam article. Regards [[User:Badak Jawa|Badak Jawa]] ([[User talk:Badak Jawa|talk]]) 22:34, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] please delete the article [[User:Badak Jawa|Badak Jawa]] ([[User talk:Badak Jawa|talk]]) 22:35, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Badak Jawa|Badak Jawa]] I've QD-tagged their articles under G5, You could've done this yourself, Also please stop pinging admins as it's not an emergency and the articles will be deleted when the next available admin comes back online, Until then we be patient and wait, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:38, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Badak Jawa|Badak Jawa]]: The article has been deleted. I agree with Davey: please do not ping individual administrators when you post on the admins' noticeboard. Thanks. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:05, 24 June 2025 (UTC) == Mia9542 == {{user5|Mia9542}} The above user continues to create articles as translations that require clean up from other users or have questionable notability. They have been warned to stop many times, including by an administrator, but continue their article creations. They have not edited anywhere but articles; they have not made any indication that they are aware of the concerns. They are blocked on the English Wikipedia as a sock of a long-term blocked IP address. Please consider a ONESTRIKE application for creating bad pages and not engaging in addressing concerns. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 19:54, 26 June 2025 (UTC) :Imho their articles should be nuked and they should be blocked per ONESTRIKE, All of their articles are more or less one-liner stubs none of which contain any sources at all, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 19:59, 26 June 2025 (UTC) *I blocked the user. They've been warned numerous times, and I actually fixed quite a few of their articles. However, they don't seem to be willing to learn or responding to the existing problems. It's time to stop that per [[WP:ONESTRIKE]] and creating bad pages or making unhelpful changes to the project. I'm not going to just delete everything, we need to sort that out a bit. Articles that are already fixed and notable don't need to be deleted. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 20:07, 26 June 2025 (UTC) *:@[[User:Barras|Barras]] Oops sorry Barras, I had only checked 3 of their articles and those 3 were unsourced-one-liners so I simply assumed they all were, Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 23:09, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == RFD backlog == There is a big RFD backlog. [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">hi</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 08:40, 27 June 2025 (UTC) :Sorry, admin. I've been working on reducing the count at [[Special:WithoutInterwiki]], and it's resulting in a lot of RFDs and QDs because there are many pages that slipped through new page patrols. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 13:39, 27 June 2025 (UTC) :I mean, it has been that way for a while. We are mopping our best. ;}-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 13:40, 27 June 2025 (UTC) ::Just closed a bunch of requests. The backlog is now down to the pages I nominated. Someone else should close those requests. (If no one is doing that, I will also take care of those requests.) -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 13:46, 27 June 2025 (UTC) :::I closed the rest, except one which I think might need some more discussion.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 13:58, 27 June 2025 (UTC) == Revdel request == Hi, Could someone revdel [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Hitler&diff=prev&oldid=10356697 this] please, Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 10:41, 27 June 2025 (UTC) {{section resolved|Done. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 11:46, 27 June 2025 (UTC)}} == Request for page protection: Sophie Xeon == Hello, I would like to request semi-protection or full protection for the article [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_(musician) Sophie Xeon]. The page has been subject to recent vandalism and disrespectful content regarding SOPHIE’s gender identity and cause of death. I believe page protection is necessary to prevent further harm, especially given the sensitive nature of the subject and SOPHIE’s status as a respected figure in the transgender and music communities. Thank you. [[User:Berlington11|Berlington11]] ([[User talk:Berlington11|talk]]) 16:23, 28 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Berlington11|Berlington11]]: {{not done}} Our rule of thumb is to protect pages if there is so much vandalism that it's difficult to keep up with. That isn't the case here. The most recent edits to the page were on 28 June: there were four edits, including your three. During this month, there were only seven edits, including the four on 28 June. That isn't enough to protect. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 03:58, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::Ah. Alright then. ::Thanks for response! ::[[User:Berlington11|Berlington11]] ([[User talk:Berlington11|talk]]) 08:06, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Userspace admin protection == I will try to create a more complete list (if there are anymore) tomorrow, but for now can an admin please unprotect [[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment/Archive box]]. I'm sorry, I had not planned for what happens if I don't have the permissions lol. --[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|IWI]] ([[User talk:ImprovedWikiImprovment|talk]]) 01:05, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :No urgency at all btw. --[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|IWI]] ([[User talk:ImprovedWikiImprovment|talk]]) 01:05, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|ImprovedWikiImprovment]]: {{done}} -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 03:52, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks :) --[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|IWI]] ([[User talk:ImprovedWikiImprovment|talk]]) 03:54, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Protection of [[Italian brainrot]] == The Italian Brainrot page has been repeatedly vandalized. I suggest restricting it to auto-confirmed users and up [[User:Thegoofhere|Thegoofhere]] ([[User talk:Thegoofhere|talk]]) 05:34, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Thegoofhere|Thegoofhere]]: {{not done}} Our rule of thumb is to protect pages if there is so much vandalism that it's difficult to keep up with. That isn't the case here. The article has had only 5 edits in the last week. The most recent edits before that were a few on 14 June. That isn't enough to protect. Feel free to report again if the amount of vandalism becomes difficult to keep up with. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 07:03, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Page SputnikMusic Being Consistently Edited by Agenda'd Ex-Staff == https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sputnikmusic&action=history Users keep adding an unnecessary "Controversy" section (with and without neutral language issues) There was indeed a contingent of staff who recently chose to leave the site. Some have taken defamation of the site to wikipedia. I apologize for any edit warring. User "tectactoe" is a user who has decided to aggressively provide "support" to ex-staffers. TwentyWhiteTents is former staff member JohnnyOfTheWell who has been demoted and banned from the site and is understandably unhappy about that. [[Special:Contributions/2600:4040:A23F:900:8BB:5878:CD57:304D|2600:4040:A23F:900:8BB:5878:CD57:304D]] ([[User talk:2600:4040:A23F:900:8BB:5878:CD57:304D|talk]]) 14:04, 1 July 2025 (UTC) :This is the Simple English Wikipedia. You need to ask on the admins noticeboard on the English Wikipedia. We can't help you here '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 14:16, 1 July 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks! Sorry, I have no idea what I'm doing. [[Special:Contributions/2600:4040:A23F:900:8BB:5878:CD57:304D|2600:4040:A23F:900:8BB:5878:CD57:304D]] ([[User talk:2600:4040:A23F:900:8BB:5878:CD57:304D|talk]]) 14:19, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == Abuse filter == These abuse filters have not been hit for the pass few years/have not been much and should be disabled: *[[Special:AbuseFilter/112|112]] ([[User:Eptalon|By Eptalon, 2 hits, last hit in 2024]]) *[[Special:AbuseFilter/120|120]] ([[User:Operator873|By Operator873, 44 hits, last hit in 2023]]) *[[Special:AbuseFilter/140|140]] ([[User:Fr33kman|By Fr33kman, 45 hits, last hit in 2024]]) *[[Special:AbuseFilter/141|141]] ([[User:Fr33kman|By Fr33kman, 2 hits, last hit in 2024]]) [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">hi</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 07:34, 3 July 2025 (UTC) 4e0850li5fyjjxc619z8hb878in7ab3 10369126 10369116 2025-07-03T07:47:57Z Cactusisme 1477024 /* Abuse filter */ 10369126 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/header}} {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Current issues and requests archive %(counter)d |algo = old(14d) |counter = 85 |maxarchivesize = 100K |minthreadsleft = 4 }} __NEWSECTIONLINK__ <inputbox> type=fulltext prefix=Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard break=no width=30 searchbuttonlabel=Search all Administrators' noticeboard archives </inputbox> __TOC__ <!-- FOR EMERGENCIES ONLY: If an issue has not been replied to, and an '''immediate''' response is required to prevent ongoing harm to the project, ping an administrator in the WP:IRC #wikipedia-simple channel using !admin@simplewiki or in the WP:DISCORD channel #simple-english-wikipedia using @SimpleEnglishAdmins --> == [[Bhumibol Adulyadej]] and [[Vajiralongkorn]] == Helo fellow Admins, please protect these articles due to persistent vandalism by changing the date of death, reign and age of Bhumibol Adulyadej. The IP user also vandalise his successor, incumbent Vajiralongkorn. Thank you. <span style="font-family:Candara">[[User:Henri_Aja|🅷🅴🅽🆁🅸]][[User_Talk:Henri_Aja|<span style="text-shadow: 2px 5px 2px #7A7A7A;"> <small><sup>'''Talk'''</sup></small> &#9993;</span>]]</span> 15:25, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Henri Aja|Henri Aja]]: First one semi-protected for 3 months. The other one not protected because it hasn't had much vandalism, and none in the last week. Feel free to report it again if vandalism increases. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:07, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you @[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]], much appreciated. <span style="font-family:Candara">[[User:Henri_Aja|🅷🅴🅽🆁🅸]][[User_Talk:Henri_Aja|<span style="text-shadow: 2px 5px 2px #7A7A7A;"> <small><sup>'''Talk'''</sup></small> &#9993;</span>]]</span> 06:08, 21 June 2025 (UTC) :I got a minor error that was remaining [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 08:23, 21 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you @[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]]. <span style="font-family:Candara">[[User:Henri_Aja|🅷🅴🅽🆁🅸]][[User_Talk:Henri_Aja|<span style="text-shadow: 2px 5px 2px #7A7A7A;"> <small><sup>'''Talk'''</sup></small> &#9993;</span>]]</span> 08:30, 21 June 2025 (UTC) == Edit war at [[Roma people]] == Hi all, this morning I got a request to look into this case, and I did see some disruptive editing from the account here and on enwiki for which I blocked them. However, I think some effort at communicating should have been done by other involved users. Now that this has passed, I would like to bring the page to a stable version. {{ping|Steven1991}} thinks that the current content is dubious and promotes a POV, and on my not-so-deep analysis, I do think that is the case to an extent. So, if someone with some degree of familiarity can look into the sources and update the page to a stable version, that'd be great. Since this has been going on for a while, I would like someone familiar to review it once before we see if the page needs protectsion.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 12:12, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :Id like a more detailed rationale as to what is NPOV, but realistically this is a content issue now, rather than an administrative one. '''[[User:Lee Vilenski|<span style="color:green">Lee Vilenski</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Lee Vilenski|talk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Lee Vilenski|contribs]])</sup>''' 12:40, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:BRPever|BRPever]] The user seems to have [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Snape8382 set up another account] to repeat the same action, with deceptive editing summaries. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 19:19, 23 June 2025 (UTC) == Hollowww - edit intentions == {{User|Hollowww}} has made 804 edits since starting to edit here on June 4. Of those 805 edits, 800 are to their user space, 2 to their user talk, 1 to Wikipedia space, 1 to the template space, and 1 to a main space article. They have made 36 subpages of articles that are unlikely to pass Simple English standards for language and construction. They are currently blocked on English Wikipedia for sockpuppetry. I asked about their edit intentions on their user talk page and they said "I only want to make and use sandbox there, I don't intend to create articles at the moment" and, when asked what they're writing the drafts/what they intend to do with them, "Just for fun I'd say, I like writing." I see [[WP:NOTHERE]] intentions with this account; they don't intend to contribute to the project, just to write their own things for their own "entertainment." Can an admin please review if further discussion or any action is needed with the user? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 10:43, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :Thank you for bringing this to my attention. I can assure you that I never meant to actually publish any articles on the Simple Wikipedia, and that I have been using my sandbox area for personal practice and to learn formatting and editing suitable for Wikipedia. I understand how my edits could have appeared suspicious to you and other editors, and I apologize for creating any misunderstanding that I did. I'm glad to restrict my sandbox activities or follow any recommendations or advice to avoid that this all happens again. -- [[User:Hollowww|Hollowww]] ([[User talk:Hollowww|talk]]) 12:21, 23 June 2025 (UTC) == [[Salin Man Bania]] == Hello fellow administrators. I need help you for deleting the article because this article have deleted in English Wikipedia and many others the reason is cross-wiki spam article. Regards [[User:Badak Jawa|Badak Jawa]] ([[User talk:Badak Jawa|talk]]) 22:34, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] please delete the article [[User:Badak Jawa|Badak Jawa]] ([[User talk:Badak Jawa|talk]]) 22:35, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Badak Jawa|Badak Jawa]] I've QD-tagged their articles under G5, You could've done this yourself, Also please stop pinging admins as it's not an emergency and the articles will be deleted when the next available admin comes back online, Until then we be patient and wait, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:38, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Badak Jawa|Badak Jawa]]: The article has been deleted. I agree with Davey: please do not ping individual administrators when you post on the admins' noticeboard. Thanks. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:05, 24 June 2025 (UTC) == Mia9542 == {{user5|Mia9542}} The above user continues to create articles as translations that require clean up from other users or have questionable notability. They have been warned to stop many times, including by an administrator, but continue their article creations. They have not edited anywhere but articles; they have not made any indication that they are aware of the concerns. They are blocked on the English Wikipedia as a sock of a long-term blocked IP address. Please consider a ONESTRIKE application for creating bad pages and not engaging in addressing concerns. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 19:54, 26 June 2025 (UTC) :Imho their articles should be nuked and they should be blocked per ONESTRIKE, All of their articles are more or less one-liner stubs none of which contain any sources at all, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 19:59, 26 June 2025 (UTC) *I blocked the user. They've been warned numerous times, and I actually fixed quite a few of their articles. However, they don't seem to be willing to learn or responding to the existing problems. It's time to stop that per [[WP:ONESTRIKE]] and creating bad pages or making unhelpful changes to the project. I'm not going to just delete everything, we need to sort that out a bit. Articles that are already fixed and notable don't need to be deleted. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 20:07, 26 June 2025 (UTC) *:@[[User:Barras|Barras]] Oops sorry Barras, I had only checked 3 of their articles and those 3 were unsourced-one-liners so I simply assumed they all were, Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 23:09, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == RFD backlog == There is a big RFD backlog. [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">hi</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 08:40, 27 June 2025 (UTC) :Sorry, admin. I've been working on reducing the count at [[Special:WithoutInterwiki]], and it's resulting in a lot of RFDs and QDs because there are many pages that slipped through new page patrols. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 13:39, 27 June 2025 (UTC) :I mean, it has been that way for a while. We are mopping our best. ;}-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 13:40, 27 June 2025 (UTC) ::Just closed a bunch of requests. The backlog is now down to the pages I nominated. Someone else should close those requests. (If no one is doing that, I will also take care of those requests.) -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 13:46, 27 June 2025 (UTC) :::I closed the rest, except one which I think might need some more discussion.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 13:58, 27 June 2025 (UTC) == Revdel request == Hi, Could someone revdel [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Hitler&diff=prev&oldid=10356697 this] please, Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 10:41, 27 June 2025 (UTC) {{section resolved|Done. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 11:46, 27 June 2025 (UTC)}} == Request for page protection: Sophie Xeon == Hello, I would like to request semi-protection or full protection for the article [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_(musician) Sophie Xeon]. The page has been subject to recent vandalism and disrespectful content regarding SOPHIE’s gender identity and cause of death. I believe page protection is necessary to prevent further harm, especially given the sensitive nature of the subject and SOPHIE’s status as a respected figure in the transgender and music communities. Thank you. [[User:Berlington11|Berlington11]] ([[User talk:Berlington11|talk]]) 16:23, 28 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Berlington11|Berlington11]]: {{not done}} Our rule of thumb is to protect pages if there is so much vandalism that it's difficult to keep up with. That isn't the case here. The most recent edits to the page were on 28 June: there were four edits, including your three. During this month, there were only seven edits, including the four on 28 June. That isn't enough to protect. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 03:58, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::Ah. Alright then. ::Thanks for response! ::[[User:Berlington11|Berlington11]] ([[User talk:Berlington11|talk]]) 08:06, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Userspace admin protection == I will try to create a more complete list (if there are anymore) tomorrow, but for now can an admin please unprotect [[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment/Archive box]]. I'm sorry, I had not planned for what happens if I don't have the permissions lol. --[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|IWI]] ([[User talk:ImprovedWikiImprovment|talk]]) 01:05, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :No urgency at all btw. --[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|IWI]] ([[User talk:ImprovedWikiImprovment|talk]]) 01:05, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|ImprovedWikiImprovment]]: {{done}} -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 03:52, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks :) --[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|IWI]] ([[User talk:ImprovedWikiImprovment|talk]]) 03:54, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Protection of [[Italian brainrot]] == The Italian Brainrot page has been repeatedly vandalized. I suggest restricting it to auto-confirmed users and up [[User:Thegoofhere|Thegoofhere]] ([[User talk:Thegoofhere|talk]]) 05:34, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Thegoofhere|Thegoofhere]]: {{not done}} Our rule of thumb is to protect pages if there is so much vandalism that it's difficult to keep up with. That isn't the case here. The article has had only 5 edits in the last week. The most recent edits before that were a few on 14 June. That isn't enough to protect. Feel free to report again if the amount of vandalism becomes difficult to keep up with. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 07:03, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Page SputnikMusic Being Consistently Edited by Agenda'd Ex-Staff == https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sputnikmusic&action=history Users keep adding an unnecessary "Controversy" section (with and without neutral language issues) There was indeed a contingent of staff who recently chose to leave the site. Some have taken defamation of the site to wikipedia. I apologize for any edit warring. User "tectactoe" is a user who has decided to aggressively provide "support" to ex-staffers. TwentyWhiteTents is former staff member JohnnyOfTheWell who has been demoted and banned from the site and is understandably unhappy about that. [[Special:Contributions/2600:4040:A23F:900:8BB:5878:CD57:304D|2600:4040:A23F:900:8BB:5878:CD57:304D]] ([[User talk:2600:4040:A23F:900:8BB:5878:CD57:304D|talk]]) 14:04, 1 July 2025 (UTC) :This is the Simple English Wikipedia. You need to ask on the admins noticeboard on the English Wikipedia. We can't help you here '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 14:16, 1 July 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks! Sorry, I have no idea what I'm doing. [[Special:Contributions/2600:4040:A23F:900:8BB:5878:CD57:304D|2600:4040:A23F:900:8BB:5878:CD57:304D]] ([[User talk:2600:4040:A23F:900:8BB:5878:CD57:304D|talk]]) 14:19, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == Abuse filter == These abuse filters have not been hit for the pass few years/have not been hit much and should be disabled: *[[Special:AbuseFilter/112|112]] ([[User:Eptalon|By Eptalon, 2 hits, last hit in 2024]]) *[[Special:AbuseFilter/120|120]] ([[User:Operator873|By Operator873, 44 hits, last hit in 2023]]) *[[Special:AbuseFilter/140|140]] ([[User:Fr33kman|By Fr33kman, 45 hits, last hit in 2024]]) *[[Special:AbuseFilter/141|141]] ([[User:Fr33kman|By Fr33kman, 2 hits, last hit in 2024]]) [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">hi</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 07:34, 3 July 2025 (UTC) dztkvnbgf0m9lpqzuo02kfwzd0ftp4r 10369483 10369126 2025-07-03T11:46:50Z Fr33kman 15149 /* Abuse filter */ Reply 10369483 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/header}} {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Current issues and requests archive %(counter)d |algo = old(14d) |counter = 85 |maxarchivesize = 100K |minthreadsleft = 4 }} __NEWSECTIONLINK__ <inputbox> type=fulltext prefix=Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard break=no width=30 searchbuttonlabel=Search all Administrators' noticeboard archives </inputbox> __TOC__ <!-- FOR EMERGENCIES ONLY: If an issue has not been replied to, and an '''immediate''' response is required to prevent ongoing harm to the project, ping an administrator in the WP:IRC #wikipedia-simple channel using !admin@simplewiki or in the WP:DISCORD channel #simple-english-wikipedia using @SimpleEnglishAdmins --> == [[Bhumibol Adulyadej]] and [[Vajiralongkorn]] == Helo fellow Admins, please protect these articles due to persistent vandalism by changing the date of death, reign and age of Bhumibol Adulyadej. The IP user also vandalise his successor, incumbent Vajiralongkorn. Thank you. <span style="font-family:Candara">[[User:Henri_Aja|🅷🅴🅽🆁🅸]][[User_Talk:Henri_Aja|<span style="text-shadow: 2px 5px 2px #7A7A7A;"> <small><sup>'''Talk'''</sup></small> &#9993;</span>]]</span> 15:25, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Henri Aja|Henri Aja]]: First one semi-protected for 3 months. The other one not protected because it hasn't had much vandalism, and none in the last week. Feel free to report it again if vandalism increases. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:07, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you @[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]], much appreciated. <span style="font-family:Candara">[[User:Henri_Aja|🅷🅴🅽🆁🅸]][[User_Talk:Henri_Aja|<span style="text-shadow: 2px 5px 2px #7A7A7A;"> <small><sup>'''Talk'''</sup></small> &#9993;</span>]]</span> 06:08, 21 June 2025 (UTC) :I got a minor error that was remaining [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 08:23, 21 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you @[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]]. <span style="font-family:Candara">[[User:Henri_Aja|🅷🅴🅽🆁🅸]][[User_Talk:Henri_Aja|<span style="text-shadow: 2px 5px 2px #7A7A7A;"> <small><sup>'''Talk'''</sup></small> &#9993;</span>]]</span> 08:30, 21 June 2025 (UTC) == Edit war at [[Roma people]] == Hi all, this morning I got a request to look into this case, and I did see some disruptive editing from the account here and on enwiki for which I blocked them. However, I think some effort at communicating should have been done by other involved users. Now that this has passed, I would like to bring the page to a stable version. {{ping|Steven1991}} thinks that the current content is dubious and promotes a POV, and on my not-so-deep analysis, I do think that is the case to an extent. So, if someone with some degree of familiarity can look into the sources and update the page to a stable version, that'd be great. Since this has been going on for a while, I would like someone familiar to review it once before we see if the page needs protectsion.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 12:12, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :Id like a more detailed rationale as to what is NPOV, but realistically this is a content issue now, rather than an administrative one. '''[[User:Lee Vilenski|<span style="color:green">Lee Vilenski</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Lee Vilenski|talk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Lee Vilenski|contribs]])</sup>''' 12:40, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:BRPever|BRPever]] The user seems to have [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Snape8382 set up another account] to repeat the same action, with deceptive editing summaries. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 19:19, 23 June 2025 (UTC) == Hollowww - edit intentions == {{User|Hollowww}} has made 804 edits since starting to edit here on June 4. Of those 805 edits, 800 are to their user space, 2 to their user talk, 1 to Wikipedia space, 1 to the template space, and 1 to a main space article. They have made 36 subpages of articles that are unlikely to pass Simple English standards for language and construction. They are currently blocked on English Wikipedia for sockpuppetry. I asked about their edit intentions on their user talk page and they said "I only want to make and use sandbox there, I don't intend to create articles at the moment" and, when asked what they're writing the drafts/what they intend to do with them, "Just for fun I'd say, I like writing." I see [[WP:NOTHERE]] intentions with this account; they don't intend to contribute to the project, just to write their own things for their own "entertainment." Can an admin please review if further discussion or any action is needed with the user? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 10:43, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :Thank you for bringing this to my attention. I can assure you that I never meant to actually publish any articles on the Simple Wikipedia, and that I have been using my sandbox area for personal practice and to learn formatting and editing suitable for Wikipedia. I understand how my edits could have appeared suspicious to you and other editors, and I apologize for creating any misunderstanding that I did. I'm glad to restrict my sandbox activities or follow any recommendations or advice to avoid that this all happens again. -- [[User:Hollowww|Hollowww]] ([[User talk:Hollowww|talk]]) 12:21, 23 June 2025 (UTC) == [[Salin Man Bania]] == Hello fellow administrators. I need help you for deleting the article because this article have deleted in English Wikipedia and many others the reason is cross-wiki spam article. Regards [[User:Badak Jawa|Badak Jawa]] ([[User talk:Badak Jawa|talk]]) 22:34, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] please delete the article [[User:Badak Jawa|Badak Jawa]] ([[User talk:Badak Jawa|talk]]) 22:35, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Badak Jawa|Badak Jawa]] I've QD-tagged their articles under G5, You could've done this yourself, Also please stop pinging admins as it's not an emergency and the articles will be deleted when the next available admin comes back online, Until then we be patient and wait, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:38, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Badak Jawa|Badak Jawa]]: The article has been deleted. I agree with Davey: please do not ping individual administrators when you post on the admins' noticeboard. Thanks. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:05, 24 June 2025 (UTC) == Mia9542 == {{user5|Mia9542}} The above user continues to create articles as translations that require clean up from other users or have questionable notability. They have been warned to stop many times, including by an administrator, but continue their article creations. They have not edited anywhere but articles; they have not made any indication that they are aware of the concerns. They are blocked on the English Wikipedia as a sock of a long-term blocked IP address. Please consider a ONESTRIKE application for creating bad pages and not engaging in addressing concerns. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 19:54, 26 June 2025 (UTC) :Imho their articles should be nuked and they should be blocked per ONESTRIKE, All of their articles are more or less one-liner stubs none of which contain any sources at all, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 19:59, 26 June 2025 (UTC) *I blocked the user. They've been warned numerous times, and I actually fixed quite a few of their articles. However, they don't seem to be willing to learn or responding to the existing problems. It's time to stop that per [[WP:ONESTRIKE]] and creating bad pages or making unhelpful changes to the project. I'm not going to just delete everything, we need to sort that out a bit. Articles that are already fixed and notable don't need to be deleted. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 20:07, 26 June 2025 (UTC) *:@[[User:Barras|Barras]] Oops sorry Barras, I had only checked 3 of their articles and those 3 were unsourced-one-liners so I simply assumed they all were, Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 23:09, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == RFD backlog == There is a big RFD backlog. [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">hi</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 08:40, 27 June 2025 (UTC) :Sorry, admin. I've been working on reducing the count at [[Special:WithoutInterwiki]], and it's resulting in a lot of RFDs and QDs because there are many pages that slipped through new page patrols. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 13:39, 27 June 2025 (UTC) :I mean, it has been that way for a while. We are mopping our best. ;}-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 13:40, 27 June 2025 (UTC) ::Just closed a bunch of requests. The backlog is now down to the pages I nominated. Someone else should close those requests. (If no one is doing that, I will also take care of those requests.) -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 13:46, 27 June 2025 (UTC) :::I closed the rest, except one which I think might need some more discussion.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 13:58, 27 June 2025 (UTC) == Revdel request == Hi, Could someone revdel [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Hitler&diff=prev&oldid=10356697 this] please, Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 10:41, 27 June 2025 (UTC) {{section resolved|Done. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 11:46, 27 June 2025 (UTC)}} == Request for page protection: Sophie Xeon == Hello, I would like to request semi-protection or full protection for the article [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_(musician) Sophie Xeon]. The page has been subject to recent vandalism and disrespectful content regarding SOPHIE’s gender identity and cause of death. I believe page protection is necessary to prevent further harm, especially given the sensitive nature of the subject and SOPHIE’s status as a respected figure in the transgender and music communities. Thank you. [[User:Berlington11|Berlington11]] ([[User talk:Berlington11|talk]]) 16:23, 28 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Berlington11|Berlington11]]: {{not done}} Our rule of thumb is to protect pages if there is so much vandalism that it's difficult to keep up with. That isn't the case here. The most recent edits to the page were on 28 June: there were four edits, including your three. During this month, there were only seven edits, including the four on 28 June. That isn't enough to protect. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 03:58, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::Ah. Alright then. ::Thanks for response! ::[[User:Berlington11|Berlington11]] ([[User talk:Berlington11|talk]]) 08:06, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Userspace admin protection == I will try to create a more complete list (if there are anymore) tomorrow, but for now can an admin please unprotect [[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment/Archive box]]. I'm sorry, I had not planned for what happens if I don't have the permissions lol. --[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|IWI]] ([[User talk:ImprovedWikiImprovment|talk]]) 01:05, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :No urgency at all btw. --[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|IWI]] ([[User talk:ImprovedWikiImprovment|talk]]) 01:05, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|ImprovedWikiImprovment]]: {{done}} -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 03:52, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks :) --[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|IWI]] ([[User talk:ImprovedWikiImprovment|talk]]) 03:54, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Protection of [[Italian brainrot]] == The Italian Brainrot page has been repeatedly vandalized. I suggest restricting it to auto-confirmed users and up [[User:Thegoofhere|Thegoofhere]] ([[User talk:Thegoofhere|talk]]) 05:34, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Thegoofhere|Thegoofhere]]: {{not done}} Our rule of thumb is to protect pages if there is so much vandalism that it's difficult to keep up with. That isn't the case here. The article has had only 5 edits in the last week. The most recent edits before that were a few on 14 June. That isn't enough to protect. Feel free to report again if the amount of vandalism becomes difficult to keep up with. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 07:03, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Page SputnikMusic Being Consistently Edited by Agenda'd Ex-Staff == https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sputnikmusic&action=history Users keep adding an unnecessary "Controversy" section (with and without neutral language issues) There was indeed a contingent of staff who recently chose to leave the site. Some have taken defamation of the site to wikipedia. I apologize for any edit warring. User "tectactoe" is a user who has decided to aggressively provide "support" to ex-staffers. TwentyWhiteTents is former staff member JohnnyOfTheWell who has been demoted and banned from the site and is understandably unhappy about that. [[Special:Contributions/2600:4040:A23F:900:8BB:5878:CD57:304D|2600:4040:A23F:900:8BB:5878:CD57:304D]] ([[User talk:2600:4040:A23F:900:8BB:5878:CD57:304D|talk]]) 14:04, 1 July 2025 (UTC) :This is the Simple English Wikipedia. You need to ask on the admins noticeboard on the English Wikipedia. We can't help you here '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 14:16, 1 July 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks! Sorry, I have no idea what I'm doing. [[Special:Contributions/2600:4040:A23F:900:8BB:5878:CD57:304D|2600:4040:A23F:900:8BB:5878:CD57:304D]] ([[User talk:2600:4040:A23F:900:8BB:5878:CD57:304D|talk]]) 14:19, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == Abuse filter == These abuse filters have not been hit for the pass few years/have not been hit much and should be disabled: *[[Special:AbuseFilter/112|112]] ([[User:Eptalon|By Eptalon, 2 hits, last hit in 2024]]) *[[Special:AbuseFilter/120|120]] ([[User:Operator873|By Operator873, 44 hits, last hit in 2023]]) *[[Special:AbuseFilter/140|140]] ([[User:Fr33kman|By Fr33kman, 45 hits, last hit in 2024]]) *[[Special:AbuseFilter/141|141]] ([[User:Fr33kman|By Fr33kman, 2 hits, last hit in 2024]]) [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">hi</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 07:34, 3 July 2025 (UTC) :I think that because they have been hit they should remain. They aren't hurting anyone's ability to edit and may be used again in the future. If they had zero hits I could understand. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 11:46, 3 July 2025 (UTC) 8an3zrqd8nw2wgi80mk0heh3e95879i 0 233595 10368110 9657315 2025-07-02T19:13:44Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Cast */ US-EN 10368110 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} '''Cartoon Planet''' is a short lived [[spin-off]] of the [[Adult Swim]] program ''[[Space Ghost Coast to Coast]]''. The show ran from 1995 to 1998. The show has random skits and songs with the characters [[Space Ghost]], [[Zorak]], and [[Brak]]. Zorak and Brak are comic foils for Space Ghost. [[Moltar]], a main character on Coast to Coast, does not appear on the show. In the credits everyone is credited by their first name only. The show has not been released on [[DVD]], because of rights issues other than some segments being extras on [[The Brak Show]] Volume One. The show revived on Adult Swim briefly in 2005. ==Cast== * [[Andy Merrill]] as [[Brak]] * [[George Lowe]] as [[Space Ghost]] * [[C. Martin Croker]] as [[Zorak]] {{tv-stub}} [[Category:Adult Swim]] [[Category:Television spin-offs]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] h7mnqnpsd3e98aovgcn16s3f080m9z8 0 241923 10368957 9024240 2025-07-03T04:40:09Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Effects on Earth chemistry */ fixed the editor parameter errors 10368957 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cosmic rays''' are very high-energy [[radiation]], mostly from outside the [[Solar System]].<ref>{{cite book| last=Sharma| title=Atomic and nuclear physics| year=2008| publisher=Pearson Education India| isbn=978-81-317-1924-4| page=478}}</ref> The term ''ray'' is a historical accident, as cosmic rays were at first, and wrongly, thought to be mostly [[electromagnetic radiation]]. They are [[particles]]. Most are [[protons]] and [[alpha particle]]s, which are the nuclei of [[helium]] atoms. Some are [[electrons]] (beta particles), [[gamma rays]] or [[photons]] and a tiny fraction are even heavier particles. == Origin == Their origin is not exactly known. There is evidence that many primary cosmic rays come from the [[supernova]]e of massive stars.<ref name=pinholster-2013>{{cite web| url=http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/2013/0214_supernova_cosmicrays.shtml| title=Evidence shows that cosmic rays come from exploding stars| author=Ginger Pinholster| date=2013}}</ref> However, this is not thought to be their only source. [[Active galactic nucleus|Active galactic nuclei]] probably also produce cosmic rays. Galactic cosmic rays are Particles trapped in the magnetic field of Earth, Particles sent flying into space during a solar flare, and High-energy protons and heavy ions that originate outside our solar system == Secondary cosmic rays == Cosmic rays can have as much energy as 10<sup>20</sup> eV, far higher than the 10<sup>12</sup> to 10<sup>13</sup> eV that man-made [[particle accelerator]]s can produce. When cosmic ray particles enter the [[Earth]]'s atmosphere they hit other particles, like molecules of [[oxygen]] and [[nitrogen]]. This causes a shower of lighter particles, a so-called 'air shower'. The number of particles made in an air shower event can reach billions. All of the particles in the shower stay within about one degree of the first particle's path. In a shower are [[x-rays]], [[muon]]s, protons, [[alpha particle]]s, [[pion]]s, [[electron]]s, and [[neutron]]s.<ref>{{cite book|last=Morison|first=Ian|title=Introduction to astronomy and cosmology|url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoas00mori|year=2008|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-03333-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/introductiontoas00mori/page/n218 198]}}</ref> Typical particles produced in such collisions are [[neutron]]s and charged [[meson]]s such as positive or negative [[pion]]s and [[kaon]]s. Some of these decay into muons. These are able to reach the surface of the Earth, and even penetrate for some distance into shallow mines. The muons can be easily detected by many types of particle detectors. The observation of a secondary shower of particles in different detectors at the same time shows that all of the particles came from that event. Several cosmic-ray observatories have been built to detect and study cosmic rays. == Practical importance == === Effects on Earth chemistry === Cosmic rays are responsible for the continuous production of certain [[Radionuclide|unstable isotopes]] in the Earth's atmosphere, such as [[carbon-14]], by the reaction: : n + <sup>14</sup>N → p + <sup>14</sup>C Cosmic rays kept the level of [[carbon-14]] in the atmosphere roughly constant (70 tons) for at least the past 100,000 years, until the beginning of above-ground nuclear weapons testing in the early 1950s.<ref name="Trumbore 2000 41–59">{{cite book |last=Trumbore |first=Susan |title=Quaternary geochronology: methods and applications |year=2000 |publisher=American Geophysical Union |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=0-87590-950-7 |pages=41–59 |url=http://www.agu.org/books/rf/v004/ |chapter=Radiocarbon Geochronology |editor1=Noller J.S |editor2=Sowers J.M. |editor3=Lettis W.R |access-date=2014-06-29 |archive-date=2013-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521094616/http://www.agu.org/books/rf/v004/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> This is an important fact used in [[radiocarbon dating]] used in [[archaeology]]. === Effect on space vehicles === Cosmic rays are of great practical interest, because they can damage microelectronics and life outside the protection of the [[Earth's atmosphere]] and [[Earth's magnetic field|magnetic field]].<ref name=nerlich-2011>{{cite news |url= http://www.universetoday.com/86490/astronomy-without-a-telescope-oh-my-god-particles/ | title=Astronomy without a telescope – Oh-My-God particles |work=Universe Today |date=2011 |agency=Universe Today |access-date=17 February 2013 |author= Nerlich, Steve}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Astrophysics]] [[Category:Nuclear physics]] t4jkj2xc7xvcze4jn75ezk12zwrj457 0 245001 10367796 10365345 2025-07-02T15:28:21Z 2A02:8440:7508:9812:346C:CCFF:FE97:904C /* Claims about sexual misconduct */ 10367796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Sean Combs | image = Sean Combs in 2023.png | caption = Combs in 2023 | birth_name = Sean John Combs | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1969|11|4}}{{sfn|Traugh|2010|p=13}} | birth_place = New York City, U.S. | death_date = | alias = {{hlist|Diddy|Puff Daddy|P. Diddy|Puffy|Puff|Love}} | occupation = {{hlist|Rapper|singer|songwriter|record producer|record executive|entrepreneur|television producer|actor}} | years_active = 1990 – Present<ref name="YNUptown">{{Cite web |date=May 9, 2020 |title=Music boss who launched Sean Combs and Mary J Blige dies aged 59 |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/music-boss-launched-sean-combs-155608486.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208085353/https://sports.yahoo.com/music-boss-launched-sean-combs-155608486.html |archive-date=December 8, 2021 |access-date=December 8, 2021 |publisher=[[Yahoo! News]]}}</ref> | works = {{hlist|[[Sean Combs discography|Discography]]|[[#Filmography|filmography]]|[[Sean Combs production discography|production]]}} | children = 7 | partner = {{plainlist| * Kimberly Porter (1994–2007)<ref name="USA Today 2007">{{Cite web |date=February 27, 2007 |title=It's baby times two for these couples |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/people/2007-02-27-celeb-twins_x.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702103511/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/people/2007-02-27-celeb-twins_x.htm |archive-date=July 2, 2017 |access-date=January 12, 2015 |website=USA Today |publisher=Gannett Co. Inc.}}</ref> * Cassie Ventura (2007-2018) * Yung Miami (2021–2024)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Genai |first1=Shanelle |title=Are Yung Miami and Diddy Finally Breaking Up? Here's What We Know |url=https://www.theroot.com/are-yung-miami-and-diddy-finally-breaking-up-heres-wha-1851497820 |website=The Root |access-date=July 19, 2024 |language=en |date=May 24, 2024}}</ref> }} | awards = [[#Awards|Full list]] | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | genre = {{hlist|[[East Coast hip hop]]|[[Contemporary R&B|R&B]]}} | label = {{hlist|Love|[[Motown]]|[[Epic Records|Epic]]|[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]|[[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]]|[[Bad Boy Records|Bad Boy]]|[[Bertelsmann Music Group|BMG]]|[[Universal Records (1995−2006)|Universal]]|[[Arista Records|Arista]]|[[Uptown Records|Uptown]]}} | current_member_of = [[Bad Boy Records#The Hitmen|The Hitmen]] | past_member_of = Diddy – Dirty Money | website = {{URL|diddy.com}} }} }} '''Sean John Combs''' (born November 4, 1969) is an American rapper, singer, producer, and actor. Combs has used many stage names during his [[career]]. He currently uses '''Diddy''' but has also used '''P Diddy''' and '''Puff Daddy.''' He was born in [[Harlem, New York]]. He started his musical career in 1988. He is in connection with [[Bad Boy Records]]. He is the richest hip hop musician.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2013/03/27/the-forbes-five-hip-hops-wealthiest-artists-2013/|title=The Forbes Five: Hip-Hop's Wealthiest Artists 2013|first=Zack O'Malley|last=Greenburg|website=Forbes}}</ref> Combs has won three [[Grammy Awards]]. Three albums that he executive produced were put on ''Rolling Stone'' magazines list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. In 2001 Combs acted in ''Made''. In 2010, Combs released his fifth album known as: ''Last Train to Paris''. ==Legal issues== On November 16, 2023, Combs' ex girlfriend Casandra "Cassie" Ventura filed a $30 million sexual assault lawsuit against him, alleging that he subjected her to a decade-long “cycle of abuse, violence and sex trafficking.”<ref name=":0">https://people.com/diddys-ex-cassie-accuses-him-rape-sex-trafficking-domestic-violence-in-lawsuit-8403836</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2023-11-16|title=Sean 'Diddy' Combs accused of years of rape and abuse by singer Cassie in lawsuit|url=https://apnews.com/article/diddy-sean-combs-cassie-lawsuit-e3681f1abbe38c11d829c269c9a89260|access-date=2023-11-17|website=AP News|language=en}}</ref> Cassie claimed that the abuse began when their relationship started that also included a 2018 rape after she tried to leave him, and multiple instances of domestic violence.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Combs' attorney has denied the allegation.<ref name=":0" /> He would settle the lawsuit on November 17.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-11-18|title=Sean ‘Diddy’ Combs and singer Cassie settle abuse lawsuit one day after filing|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2023/nov/17/sean-diddy-combs-cassie-settle-abuse-lawsuit|access-date=2023-11-18|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> On March 25, 2024, the [[Department of Homeland Security]] raided Combs' property relating to a ongoing investigation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/sean-diddy-combs-federal-investigation-homes-searched-rcna145006|access-date=March 26, 2024|title=Homes of Sean 'Diddy' Combs searched by federal officials, sources say|publisher=[[NBC News]]}}</ref> On September 16, police arrested Combs on charges of [[sex trafficking]] and [[racketeering]] in [[Manhattan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/sean-diddy-combs-arrested-federal-agents-new-york/story?id=113744597|access-date=September 17, 2024|title=Sean 'Diddy' Combs hit with sex trafficking, racketeering charges in sprawling indictment|publisher=[[ABC News]]}}</ref> He would appear in court the next day and the judge denied his [[Bail|bond]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/sean-diddy-combs-arrested-court-5d570cab4625ca5f9dd16dfd7df4437c|access-date=September 17, 2024|title=Judge orders Sean 'Diddy' Combs jailed in sex trafficking and racketeering charges|publisher=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> ===Claims about sexual misconduct=== In September 2024 one of Combs's daughter's came forward to expose her father's [[incest|incestual attacks]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Helmore|first=Edward|date=2024-09-25|title=Children of Sean ‘Diddy’ Combs hit out about alleged ‘memoir’ by their mother|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2024/sep/25/diddy-kim-porter-memoir#:~:text=The%20statement%20from%20Combs's%20and,by%20selling%20it%20as%20pornography%E2%80%9D.|access-date=2024-10-01|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> In July 2025, Sean Combs was convicted of transportation for the purpose of prostitution However, the jury returned a not guilty verdict on the charges of human trafficking, and extortion conspiracy<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telemundopr.com/noticias/eeuu/jurado-llega-veredicto-juicio-sean-diddy-combs-en-nueva-york/2729597/ |title=ciudad de nueva york Jurado declared no culpability to Sean “Diddy” Combs of the main cargo in the sexual traffic juice |work=Telemundo Puerto Rico |date=02 July 2025 |access-date=02 July 2025}}</ref>. ==Personal life== Combs has six children. He is also the [[stepfather]] of his former girlfriend Kimberly Porter's son Quincy. == Discography == '''Studio albums''' * 1997: ''[[No Way Out (album)|No Way Out]]'' * 1999: ''[[Forever (Puff Daddy album)|Forever]]'' * 2001: ''[[The Saga Continues...]]'' * 2002: ''[[We Invented the Remix]]'' * 2006: ''[[Press Play (album)|Press Play]]'' * 2023: ''[[The Love Album: Off the Grid]]'' ==Filmography== ===Film=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- |rowspan=2| 2001 | ''[[Made (2001 film)|Made]]'' | Ruiz | |- | ''[[Monster's Ball]]'' | Lawrence Musgrove | |- | 2003 | ''[[Death of a Dynasty]]'' | Himself | |- | 2005 | ''[[Carlito's Way: Rise to Power]]'' | Hollywood Nicky | Video |- | 2008 | ''[[A Raisin in the Sun (2008 film)|A Raisin in the Sun]]'' | Walter Lee Younger | TV movie |- |rowspan=2| 2010 | ''[[Get Him to the Greek]]'' | Sergio | |- | ''[[I'm Still Here (2010 film)|I'm Still Here]]'' | Himself | |- |rowspan=2| 2014 | ''[[Muppets Most Wanted]]'' | Himself | |- | ''[[Draft Day]]'' | Chris Crawford | |- | 2017 | ''[[Girls Trip]]'' | Himself | |} ===Television=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- | 1992 | ''[[In Living Color]]'' | Himself | Episode: "Episode #3.27" |- | 1997 | ''[[The Steve Harvey Show]]'' | Himself | Episode: "I Do, I Don't" |- | 1997–01 | ''[[Showtime at the Apollo]]'' | Himself | Recurring Guest |- |rowspan=2| 1999 | ''Videotech'' | Himself | Episode: "Episode #1.136" |- | ''The Priory'' | Himself | Episode: "Episode #1.3" |- | 1999–01 | ''[[Behind the Music]]'' | Himself | Recurring Guest |- |rowspan=2| 2000 | ''[[Top of the Pops]]'' | Himself | Episode: "Episode #37.11" |- | ''[[Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (American game show)|Who Wants to Be a Millionaire]]'' | Himself/Contestant | Episode: "Episode #1.172" & "#1.174" |- |rowspan=3| 2001 | ''Say It Loud: A Celebration of Black Music in America'' | Himself | Episode: "Express Yourself" |- | ''[[Jackass (franchise)|Jackass]]'' | Himself | Episode: "Beard of Leeches" |- | ''Journeys in Black'' | Himself | Episode: "Johnnie Cochran" |- |rowspan=5| 2002 | ''[[All That]]'' | Himself | Episode: "P. Diddy" |- | ''[[Anatomy of a Scene]]'' | Himself | Episode: "Monster's Ball" |- | ''[[The Nick Cannon Show (TV series)|The Nick Cannon Show]]'' | Himself | Episode: "Nick Takes Over Style" |- | ''[[2002 MTV Europe Music Awards|MTV Europe Music Awards]]'' | Himself/Host | Main Host |- | ''Top Ten'' | Himself | Episode: "Camp Pop" |- |rowspan=2| 2004 | ''[[The Ashlee Simpson Show]]'' | Himself | Episode: "Ashlee Goes Platinum" |- | ''Style Star'' | Himself | Episode: "Sean 'P. Diddy' Combs" |- | 2005 | ''[[2005 MTV Video Music Awards|MTV Video Music Awards]]'' | Himself/Host | Main Host |- | 2009 | ''[[CSI: Miami]]'' | Derek Powell | Episode: "Presumed Guilty" & "Sink or Swim" |- | 2010 | ''[[Entourage (American TV series)|Entourage]]'' | Himself | Episode: "Tequila and Coke" |- | 2011 | ''[[Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series)|Hawaii Five-0]]'' | Reggie Cole | Episode: "Hoʻopaʻi" |- | 2012 | ''[[It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia]]'' | Dr. Jinx | Episode: "Charlie's Mom Has Cancer" |- | 2015 | ''[[Black-ish]]'' | Elroy Savoy | Episode: "Pops' Pops' Pops" |} ===Documentary=== {| class="wikitable" ! Year ! Title |- | 1995 | ''[[The Show (1995 film)|The Show]]'' |- | 1998 | ''Where It's At: The Rolling Stone State of the Union'' |- | 2002 | ''Street Dreams'' |- | 2004 | ''[[Fade to Black (2004 film)|Fade to Black]]'' |- | 2005 | ''Seamless'' |- |rowspan=2| 2017 | ''Can't Stop, Won't Stop: A Bad Boy Story'' |- | ''[[The Defiant Ones (documentary)|The Defiant Ones]]'' |- | 2021 | ''[[Mary J. Blige's My Life]]'' |} == Awards == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+ Awards and nominations received by Sean Combs |- ! scope="col" | Award ! scope="col" | Year ! scope="col" | Nominated work ! scope="col" | Category ! scope="col" | Result ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- ! scope="row" rowspan="9" | [[BET Awards]] | rowspan="2" | [[BET Awards 2002|2002]] || "[[Bad Boy for Life]]"<br />{{small|(featuring [[Black Rob]] & Mark Curry)}} || rowspan="2" | [[BET Award for Video of the Year|Video of the Year]] || {{Nominated}} |- | "[[Pass the Courvoisier, Part II]]"<br />{{small|(with [[Busta Rhymes]] & [[Pharrell Williams]])}} || {{Won}} |- | [[BET Awards 2003|2003]] || "[[Bump, Bump, Bump]]" {{small|(with [[B2K]])}} || [[BET Award for Viewer's Choice|Coca-Cola Viewer's Choice Award]] || {{Won}} |- | rowspan="2" | [[BET Awards 2007|2007]]<ref name="2007 BET Awards" /> || "[[Last Night (Diddy song)|Last Night]]" {{small|(featuring [[Keyshia Cole]])}} || [[BET Award for Best Collaboration|Best Collaboration]] || {{Nominated}} |- | Diddy || [[BET Award for Best Male Hip-Hop Artist|Best Male Hip-Hop Artist]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[BET Awards 2010|2010]] || rowspan="3" | Diddy – Dirty Money || rowspan="4" | [[BET Award for Best Group|Best Group]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[BET Awards 2011|2011]] || {{Won}} |- | [[BET Awards 2012|2012]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[BET Awards 2016|2016]] || Puff Daddy and the Family || {{Nominated}} |- ! scope="row" rowspan="12" | [[BET Hip Hop Awards]] | rowspan="2" | 2008 || "Roc Boys (And the Winner Is)..." || Track of the Year || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" | Sean Combs || rowspan="2" | Hustler of the Year || {{Won}} |- | 2009 || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="4" | 2010 || "All I Do Is Win (Remix)" || rowspan="2" | Reese's Perfect Combo Award || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" | "Hello Good Morning (Remix)" || {{Nominated}} |- | Best Club Banger || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" | Sean Combs || rowspan="2" | Hustler of the Year || {{Won}} |- | 2011 || {{Nominated}} |- | 2012 || rowspan="2" | "Same Damn Time (Remix)" || rowspan="2" | Sweet 16: Best Featured Verse || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" | 2013 || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" | Sean Combs || rowspan="2" | Hustler of the Year || {{Nominated}} |- | 2017 || {{Nominated}} |- ! scope="row" rowspan="13" | [[Grammy Award]]s | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="7" | [[40th Annual Grammy Awards|1998]] | Puff Daddy | [[Grammy Award for Best New Artist|Best New Artist]] | {{Nominated}} | rowspan="7"|<ref name="Rock on the Net 1998" /><br /><ref name="DigitalHit 1998">{{Cite web |year=1998 |title=40th Annual Grammy Award Nominations Coverage (1998) |url=http://www.digitalhit.com/grammy/40/nominees.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729054148/http://www.digitalhit.com/grammy/40/nominees.shtml |archive-date=July 29, 2013 |access-date=April 16, 2017 |website=DigitalHit}}</ref> |- | ''[[No Way Out (Puff Daddy album)|No Way Out]]'' | rowspan="2"|[[Grammy Award for Best Rap Album|Best Rap Album]] | {{Won}} |- | ''[[Life After Death]]'' <small>(as producer)</small> | {{Nominated}} |- | "[[Honey (Mariah Carey song)|Honey]]" <small>(as songwriter)</small> | [[Grammy Award for Best R&B Song|Best Rhythm & Blues Song]] | {{Nominated}} |- | "[[I'll Be Missing You]]" <small>(featuring [[Faith Evans]] & [[112 (band)|112]])</small> | rowspan="7"|[[Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group|Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group]] | {{Won}} |- | "[[Mo Money Mo Problems]]" <small>(with [[the Notorious B.I.G.]] & [[Mase]])</small> | {{nom}} |- | "[[Can't Nobody Hold Me Down]]" <small>(featuring Mase)</small> | {{Nominated}} |- | style="text-align:center;"| [[42nd Annual Grammy Awards|2000]] | "[[Satisfy You (Puff Daddy song)|Satisfy You]]" <small>(featuring [[R. Kelly]])</small> | {{Nominated}} |<ref name="Rock on the Net 2000" /> |- | style="text-align:center;"| [[44th Annual Grammy Awards|2002]] | "[[Bad Boy for Life]]" <small>(with [[Black Rob]] & Mark Curry)</small> | {{Nominated}} |<ref name="Rock on the Net 2002" /> |- | style="text-align:center;"| [[45th Annual Grammy Awards|2003]] | "[[Pass the Courvoisier, Part II]]" <small>(with [[Busta Rhymes]] & [[Pharrell Williams|Pharrell]])</small> | {{Nominated}} |<ref name="Rock on the Net 2003" /> |- | style="text-align:center;"| [[46th Annual Grammy Awards|2004]] | "[[Shake Ya Tailfeather]]" <small>(with [[Nelly]] & [[Murphy Lee]])</small> | {{Won}} |<ref name="Rock on the Net 2004" /> |- | style="text-align:center;"| [[58th Annual Grammy Awards|2016]] | "[[All Day (Kanye West song)|All Day]]" <small>(as songwriter)</small> | [[Grammy Award for Best Rap Song|Best Rap Song]] | {{Nominated}} |<ref name="AutoRQ-25">{{Cite web |title=Final Nomination List: 58th Grammy Awards |url=http://www.grammy.com/files/58th-final-58thpresslist12042015.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210200316/http://www.grammy.com/files/58th-final-58thpresslist12042015.pdf |archive-date=December 10, 2015 |access-date=September 4, 2019 |website=Grammy.com |publisher=National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;"| [[66th Annual Grammy Awards|2024]] | ''[[The Love Album: Off the Grid]]'' | [[Grammy Award for Best Progressive R&B Album|Best Progressive R&B Album]] | {{Nominated}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 GRAMMYs: See The Full Winners & Nominees List &#124; GRAMMY.com |url=https://grammy.com/news/2024-grammys-nominations-full-winners-nominees-list |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305064010/https://www.grammy.com/news/2024-grammys-nominations-full-winners-nominees-list |archive-date=March 5, 2024 |access-date=March 5, 2024 |website=grammy.com}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" rowspan="11" | [[MTV Europe Music Award]]s | rowspan="4" | [[1997 MTV Europe Music Awards|1997]] || rowspan="2" | "I'll Be Missing You" || [[MTV Europe Music Award for MTV Select|MTV Select]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[MTV Europe Music Award for Best Song|Best Song]] || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="8" | Sean Combs || [[MTV Europe Music Award for Best New Act|Best New Act]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[MTV Europe Music Award for Best Hip-Hop|Best Hip-Hop]] || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" | [[1998 MTV Europe Music Awards|1998]] || [[MTV Europe Music Award for Best Male|Best Male]] || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="5" | Best Hip-Hop || {{Nominated}} |- | [[1999 MTV Europe Music Awards|1999]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[2001 MTV Europe Music Awards|2001]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[2002 MTV Europe Music Awards|2002]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[2006 MTV Europe Music Awards|2006]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[2011 MTV Europe Music Awards|2011]] || Diddy – Dirty Money || [[MTV Europe Music Award for Best World Stage Performance|Best World Stage Performance]] || {{Nominated}} |- ! scope="row" rowspan="1" | [[MTV Movie & TV Awards]] | 2018 || ''Can't Stop, Won't Stop: A Bad Boy Story'' || Best Music Documentary || {{Nominated}} |- ! scope="row" rowspan="6" | [[MTV Video Music Award]]s | rowspan="2" | {{mtvvma|1997}} || rowspan="2" | "[[I'll Be Missing You]]" || Best R&B Video || {{Won}}{{sfn|Traugh|2010|p=72}} |- | Viewer's Choice || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="3" | {{mtvvma|1998}} || rowspan="2" | "[[It's All About the Benjamins]]" (Rock Remix) || Video of the Year || {{Nominated}} |- | Viewer's Choice || {{Won}}{{sfn|Traugh|2010|p=72}} |- | "[[Come with Me (Puff Daddy song)|Come with Me]]" {{small|(from [[Godzilla (1998 film)|Godzilla]])}} || Best Video from a Film || {{Nominated}} |- | {{mtvvma|2002}} || "[[Bad Boy for Life]]" || Best Rap Video || {{Nominated}} |- ! scope="row" rowspan="2" | [[NAACP Image Awards]] | 2009 | ''[[A Raisin in the Sun (2008 film)|A Raisin in the Sun]]'' | [[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special|Outstanding Actor in a Television Movie,<br />Mini-Series or Dramatic Special]] | {{Won}}{{sfn|Traugh|2010|p=79}} |- | 2011 | Diddy – Dirty Money | [[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Duo or Group|Outstanding Duo or Group]] | {{Nominated}} |} ;[[Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time]] {| class="wikitable" |- ! Rank ! Artist ! Albums executive produced by Sean Combs ! Year |- style="text-align:center;" | 134<ref name="Rolling Stone 6598713" /> | [[The Notorious B.I.G.]] | ''[[Ready to Die]]'' | 1994 |- style="text-align:center;" | 281<ref name="Rolling Stone 6626288" /> | [[Mary J. Blige]] | ''[[My Life (Mary J. Blige album)|My Life]]'' | 1994 |- style="text-align:center;" | 476<ref name="Rolling Stone 6627614" /> | The Notorious B.I.G. | ''[[Life After Death]]'' | 1997 |} == References == {{reflist|refs= <ref name="2007 BET Awards">{{cite web | title = 2007 BET Awards→Nominations→Best Hip-Hop Artist | work = BET Interactive | publisher = [[Black Entertainment Television]] | url = http://www1.bet.com/static/specials/betawards/ | accessdate = July 24, 2012 | archive-date = December 17, 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111217151652/http://www1.bet.com/static/specials/betawards/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> <ref name="Rock on the Net 1998"> {{cite web | title = 40th Grammy Awards | year = 1998 | publisher = Rock on the Net | url = http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/1998/grammys.htm | accessdate = July 22, 2012 }} </ref> <ref name="Rock on the Net 2000"> {{cite web | title = 42nd Grammy Awards | year = 2000 | publisher = Rock on the Net | url = http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2000/grammys.htm | accessdate = May 23, 2012 }} </ref> <ref name="Rock on the Net 2002"> {{cite web | title = 44th Grammy Awards | year = 2002 | publisher = Rock on the Net | url = http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2002/grammys.htm | accessdate = May 23, 2012 }} </ref> <ref name="Rock on the Net 2003"> {{cite web | title = 45th Grammy Awards | year = 2003 | publisher = Rock on the Net | url = http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2003/grammys.htm | accessdate = May 23, 2012 }} </ref> <ref name="Rock on the Net 2004"> {{cite web | title = 46th Grammy Awards | year = 2004 | publisher = Rock on the Net | url = http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2004/grammys.htm | accessdate = May 23, 2012 }} </ref> <ref name="Rolling Stone 6598713">{{cite magazine | title = Ready to Die | date = November 1, 2003 | magazine = Rolling Stone | url = https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120531/the-notorious-b-i-g-ready-to-die-19691231 | accessdate = July 28, 2012 | archive-date = July 9, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120709093130/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120531/the-notorious-b-i-g-ready-to-die-19691231 | url-status = dead }}</ref> <ref name="Rolling Stone 6626288">{{cite magazine | title = My Life | date = November 1, 2003 | magazine = Rolling Stone | url = https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-19691231/my-life-mary-j-blige-19691231 | accessdate = July 28, 2012 | archive-date = May 25, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120525101000/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-19691231/my-life-mary-j-blige-19691231 | url-status = dead }}</ref> <ref name="Rolling Stone 6627614">{{cite magazine | title = Life After Death | date = November 1, 2003 | magazine = Rolling Stone | url = https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120531/the-notorious-b-i-g-life-after-death-19691231 | accessdate = July 28, 2012 | archive-date = July 12, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120712073228/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120531/the-notorious-b-i-g-life-after-death-19691231 | url-status = dead }}</ref> }} {{music-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Combs, Sean}} [[Category:1969 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:20th-century American rappers]] [[Category:21st-century American rappers]] [[Category:African-American movie actors]] [[Category:African-American rappers]] [[Category:African-American television actors]] [[Category:American hip hop record producers]] [[Category:American hip hop singers]] [[Category:American R&B singers]] [[Category:Actors from New York City]] [[Category:American Grammy Award winners]] [[Category:Singers from New York City]] [[Category:Rappers from New York (state)]] [[Category:American pop rappers]] pq7feq9wm4hh3l3so6ua2wrxdnifc6p 10368290 10367796 2025-07-02T21:34:56Z 2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA 10368290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Sean Combs | image = Sean Combs in 2023.png | caption = Combs in 2023 | birth_name = Sean John Combs | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1969|11|4}}{{sfn|Traugh|2010|p=13}} | birth_place = New York City, U.S. | death_date = | alias = {{hlist|Diddy|Puff Daddy|P. Diddy|Puffy|Puff|Love}} | occupation = {{hlist|Rapper|singer|songwriter|record producer|record executive|entrepreneur|television producer|actor}} | years_active = 1990 – Present<ref name="YNUptown">{{Cite web |date=May 9, 2020 |title=Music boss who launched Sean Combs and Mary J Blige dies aged 59 |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/music-boss-launched-sean-combs-155608486.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208085353/https://sports.yahoo.com/music-boss-launched-sean-combs-155608486.html |archive-date=December 8, 2021 |access-date=December 8, 2021 |publisher=[[Yahoo! News]]}}</ref> | works = {{hlist|[[Sean Combs discography|Discography]]|[[#Filmography|filmography]]|[[Sean Combs production discography|production]]}} | children = 7 | partner = {{plainlist| * Kimberly Porter (1994–2007)<ref name="USA Today 2007">{{Cite web |date=February 27, 2007 |title=It's baby times two for these couples |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/people/2007-02-27-celeb-twins_x.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702103511/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/people/2007-02-27-celeb-twins_x.htm |archive-date=July 2, 2017 |access-date=January 12, 2015 |website=USA Today |publisher=Gannett Co. Inc.}}</ref> * Cassie Ventura (2007-2018) * Yung Miami (2021–2024)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Genai |first1=Shanelle |title=Are Yung Miami and Diddy Finally Breaking Up? Here's What We Know |url=https://www.theroot.com/are-yung-miami-and-diddy-finally-breaking-up-heres-wha-1851497820 |website=The Root |access-date=July 19, 2024 |language=en |date=May 24, 2024}}</ref> }} | awards = [[#Awards|Full list]] | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | genre = {{hlist|[[East Coast hip hop]]|[[Contemporary R&B|R&B]]}} | label = {{hlist|Love|[[Motown]]|[[Epic Records|Epic]]|[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]|[[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]]|[[Bad Boy Records|Bad Boy]]|[[Bertelsmann Music Group|BMG]]|[[Universal Records (1995−2006)|Universal]]|[[Arista Records|Arista]]|[[Uptown Records|Uptown]]}} | current_member_of = [[Bad Boy Records#The Hitmen|The Hitmen]] | past_member_of = Diddy – Dirty Money | website = {{URL|diddy.com}} }} }} '''Sean John Combs''' (born November 4, 1969) is an American rapper, singer, producer, and actor. Combs has used many stage names during his [[career]]. He currently uses '''Diddy''' but has also used '''P Diddy''' and '''Puff Daddy.''' He was born in [[Harlem, New York]]. He started his musical career in 1988. He is in connection with [[Bad Boy Records]]. He is the richest hip hop musician.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2013/03/27/the-forbes-five-hip-hops-wealthiest-artists-2013/|title=The Forbes Five: Hip-Hop's Wealthiest Artists 2013|first=Zack O'Malley|last=Greenburg|website=Forbes}}</ref> Combs has won three [[Grammy Awards]]. Three albums that he executive produced were put on ''Rolling Stone'' magazines list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. In 2001 Combs acted in ''Made''. In 2010, Combs released his fifth album known as: ''Last Train to Paris''. In 2025, he was convicted in the lower court system; As of July, he is not getting out on [[bail]] while he waits for the judge to decide what the [[punishment]] will be.<ref>https://www.vg.no/rampelys/i/o3oaOR/juryen-har-bestemt-seg. Retrieved 2025-07-02</ref> ==Legal issues== On November 16, 2023, Combs' ex girlfriend Casandra "Cassie" Ventura filed a $30 million sexual assault lawsuit against him, alleging that he subjected her to a decade-long “cycle of abuse, violence and sex trafficking.”<ref name=":0">https://people.com/diddys-ex-cassie-accuses-him-rape-sex-trafficking-domestic-violence-in-lawsuit-8403836</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2023-11-16|title=Sean 'Diddy' Combs accused of years of rape and abuse by singer Cassie in lawsuit|url=https://apnews.com/article/diddy-sean-combs-cassie-lawsuit-e3681f1abbe38c11d829c269c9a89260|access-date=2023-11-17|website=AP News|language=en}}</ref> Cassie claimed that the abuse began when their relationship started that also included a 2018 rape after she tried to leave him, and multiple instances of domestic violence.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Combs' attorney has denied the allegation.<ref name=":0" /> He would settle the lawsuit on November 17.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-11-18|title=Sean ‘Diddy’ Combs and singer Cassie settle abuse lawsuit one day after filing|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2023/nov/17/sean-diddy-combs-cassie-settle-abuse-lawsuit|access-date=2023-11-18|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> On March 25, 2024, the [[Department of Homeland Security]] raided Combs' property relating to a ongoing investigation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/sean-diddy-combs-federal-investigation-homes-searched-rcna145006|access-date=March 26, 2024|title=Homes of Sean 'Diddy' Combs searched by federal officials, sources say|publisher=[[NBC News]]}}</ref> On September 16, police arrested Combs on charges of [[sex trafficking]] and [[racketeering]] in [[Manhattan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/sean-diddy-combs-arrested-federal-agents-new-york/story?id=113744597|access-date=September 17, 2024|title=Sean 'Diddy' Combs hit with sex trafficking, racketeering charges in sprawling indictment|publisher=[[ABC News]]}}</ref> He would appear in court the next day and the judge denied his [[Bail|bond]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/sean-diddy-combs-arrested-court-5d570cab4625ca5f9dd16dfd7df4437c|access-date=September 17, 2024|title=Judge orders Sean 'Diddy' Combs jailed in sex trafficking and racketeering charges|publisher=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> ===Claims about sexual misconduct=== In September 2024 one of Combs's daughter's came forward to expose her father's [[incest|incestual attacks]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Helmore|first=Edward|date=2024-09-25|title=Children of Sean ‘Diddy’ Combs hit out about alleged ‘memoir’ by their mother|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2024/sep/25/diddy-kim-porter-memoir#:~:text=The%20statement%20from%20Combs's%20and,by%20selling%20it%20as%20pornography%E2%80%9D.|access-date=2024-10-01|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> In July 2025, Sean Combs was convicted of transportation for the purpose of prostitution However, the jury returned a not guilty verdict on the charges of human trafficking, and extortion conspiracy<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telemundopr.com/noticias/eeuu/jurado-llega-veredicto-juicio-sean-diddy-combs-en-nueva-york/2729597/ |title=ciudad de nueva york Jurado declared no culpability to Sean “Diddy” Combs of the main cargo in the sexual traffic juice |work=Telemundo Puerto Rico |date=02 July 2025 |access-date=02 July 2025}}</ref>. ==Personal life== Combs has six children. He is also the [[stepfather]] of his former girlfriend Kimberly Porter's son Quincy. == Discography == '''Studio albums''' * 1997: ''[[No Way Out (album)|No Way Out]]'' * 1999: ''[[Forever (Puff Daddy album)|Forever]]'' * 2001: ''[[The Saga Continues...]]'' * 2002: ''[[We Invented the Remix]]'' * 2006: ''[[Press Play (album)|Press Play]]'' * 2023: ''[[The Love Album: Off the Grid]]'' ==Filmography== ===Film=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- |rowspan=2| 2001 | ''[[Made (2001 film)|Made]]'' | Ruiz | |- | ''[[Monster's Ball]]'' | Lawrence Musgrove | |- | 2003 | ''[[Death of a Dynasty]]'' | Himself | |- | 2005 | ''[[Carlito's Way: Rise to Power]]'' | Hollywood Nicky | Video |- | 2008 | ''[[A Raisin in the Sun (2008 film)|A Raisin in the Sun]]'' | Walter Lee Younger | TV movie |- |rowspan=2| 2010 | ''[[Get Him to the Greek]]'' | Sergio | |- | ''[[I'm Still Here (2010 film)|I'm Still Here]]'' | Himself | |- |rowspan=2| 2014 | ''[[Muppets Most Wanted]]'' | Himself | |- | ''[[Draft Day]]'' | Chris Crawford | |- | 2017 | ''[[Girls Trip]]'' | Himself | |} ===Television=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- | 1992 | ''[[In Living Color]]'' | Himself | Episode: "Episode #3.27" |- | 1997 | ''[[The Steve Harvey Show]]'' | Himself | Episode: "I Do, I Don't" |- | 1997–01 | ''[[Showtime at the Apollo]]'' | Himself | Recurring Guest |- |rowspan=2| 1999 | ''Videotech'' | Himself | Episode: "Episode #1.136" |- | ''The Priory'' | Himself | Episode: "Episode #1.3" |- | 1999–01 | ''[[Behind the Music]]'' | Himself | Recurring Guest |- |rowspan=2| 2000 | ''[[Top of the Pops]]'' | Himself | Episode: "Episode #37.11" |- | ''[[Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (American game show)|Who Wants to Be a Millionaire]]'' | Himself/Contestant | Episode: "Episode #1.172" & "#1.174" |- |rowspan=3| 2001 | ''Say It Loud: A Celebration of Black Music in America'' | Himself | Episode: "Express Yourself" |- | ''[[Jackass (franchise)|Jackass]]'' | Himself | Episode: "Beard of Leeches" |- | ''Journeys in Black'' | Himself | Episode: "Johnnie Cochran" |- |rowspan=5| 2002 | ''[[All That]]'' | Himself | Episode: "P. Diddy" |- | ''[[Anatomy of a Scene]]'' | Himself | Episode: "Monster's Ball" |- | ''[[The Nick Cannon Show (TV series)|The Nick Cannon Show]]'' | Himself | Episode: "Nick Takes Over Style" |- | ''[[2002 MTV Europe Music Awards|MTV Europe Music Awards]]'' | Himself/Host | Main Host |- | ''Top Ten'' | Himself | Episode: "Camp Pop" |- |rowspan=2| 2004 | ''[[The Ashlee Simpson Show]]'' | Himself | Episode: "Ashlee Goes Platinum" |- | ''Style Star'' | Himself | Episode: "Sean 'P. Diddy' Combs" |- | 2005 | ''[[2005 MTV Video Music Awards|MTV Video Music Awards]]'' | Himself/Host | Main Host |- | 2009 | ''[[CSI: Miami]]'' | Derek Powell | Episode: "Presumed Guilty" & "Sink or Swim" |- | 2010 | ''[[Entourage (American TV series)|Entourage]]'' | Himself | Episode: "Tequila and Coke" |- | 2011 | ''[[Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series)|Hawaii Five-0]]'' | Reggie Cole | Episode: "Hoʻopaʻi" |- | 2012 | ''[[It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia]]'' | Dr. Jinx | Episode: "Charlie's Mom Has Cancer" |- | 2015 | ''[[Black-ish]]'' | Elroy Savoy | Episode: "Pops' Pops' Pops" |} ===Documentary=== {| class="wikitable" ! Year ! Title |- | 1995 | ''[[The Show (1995 film)|The Show]]'' |- | 1998 | ''Where It's At: The Rolling Stone State of the Union'' |- | 2002 | ''Street Dreams'' |- | 2004 | ''[[Fade to Black (2004 film)|Fade to Black]]'' |- | 2005 | ''Seamless'' |- |rowspan=2| 2017 | ''Can't Stop, Won't Stop: A Bad Boy Story'' |- | ''[[The Defiant Ones (documentary)|The Defiant Ones]]'' |- | 2021 | ''[[Mary J. Blige's My Life]]'' |} == Awards == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+ Awards and nominations received by Sean Combs |- ! scope="col" | Award ! scope="col" | Year ! scope="col" | Nominated work ! scope="col" | Category ! scope="col" | Result ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- ! scope="row" rowspan="9" | [[BET Awards]] | rowspan="2" | [[BET Awards 2002|2002]] || "[[Bad Boy for Life]]"<br />{{small|(featuring [[Black Rob]] & Mark Curry)}} || rowspan="2" | [[BET Award for Video of the Year|Video of the Year]] || {{Nominated}} |- | "[[Pass the Courvoisier, Part II]]"<br />{{small|(with [[Busta Rhymes]] & [[Pharrell Williams]])}} || {{Won}} |- | [[BET Awards 2003|2003]] || "[[Bump, Bump, Bump]]" {{small|(with [[B2K]])}} || [[BET Award for Viewer's Choice|Coca-Cola Viewer's Choice Award]] || {{Won}} |- | rowspan="2" | [[BET Awards 2007|2007]]<ref name="2007 BET Awards" /> || "[[Last Night (Diddy song)|Last Night]]" {{small|(featuring [[Keyshia Cole]])}} || [[BET Award for Best Collaboration|Best Collaboration]] || {{Nominated}} |- | Diddy || [[BET Award for Best Male Hip-Hop Artist|Best Male Hip-Hop Artist]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[BET Awards 2010|2010]] || rowspan="3" | Diddy – Dirty Money || rowspan="4" | [[BET Award for Best Group|Best Group]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[BET Awards 2011|2011]] || {{Won}} |- | [[BET Awards 2012|2012]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[BET Awards 2016|2016]] || Puff Daddy and the Family || {{Nominated}} |- ! scope="row" rowspan="12" | [[BET Hip Hop Awards]] | rowspan="2" | 2008 || "Roc Boys (And the Winner Is)..." || Track of the Year || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" | Sean Combs || rowspan="2" | Hustler of the Year || {{Won}} |- | 2009 || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="4" | 2010 || "All I Do Is Win (Remix)" || rowspan="2" | Reese's Perfect Combo Award || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" | "Hello Good Morning (Remix)" || {{Nominated}} |- | Best Club Banger || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" | Sean Combs || rowspan="2" | Hustler of the Year || {{Won}} |- | 2011 || {{Nominated}} |- | 2012 || rowspan="2" | "Same Damn Time (Remix)" || rowspan="2" | Sweet 16: Best Featured Verse || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" | 2013 || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" | Sean Combs || rowspan="2" | Hustler of the Year || {{Nominated}} |- | 2017 || {{Nominated}} |- ! scope="row" rowspan="13" | [[Grammy Award]]s | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="7" | [[40th Annual Grammy Awards|1998]] | Puff Daddy | [[Grammy Award for Best New Artist|Best New Artist]] | {{Nominated}} | rowspan="7"|<ref name="Rock on the Net 1998" /><br /><ref name="DigitalHit 1998">{{Cite web |year=1998 |title=40th Annual Grammy Award Nominations Coverage (1998) |url=http://www.digitalhit.com/grammy/40/nominees.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729054148/http://www.digitalhit.com/grammy/40/nominees.shtml |archive-date=July 29, 2013 |access-date=April 16, 2017 |website=DigitalHit}}</ref> |- | ''[[No Way Out (Puff Daddy album)|No Way Out]]'' | rowspan="2"|[[Grammy Award for Best Rap Album|Best Rap Album]] | {{Won}} |- | ''[[Life After Death]]'' <small>(as producer)</small> | {{Nominated}} |- | "[[Honey (Mariah Carey song)|Honey]]" <small>(as songwriter)</small> | [[Grammy Award for Best R&B Song|Best Rhythm & Blues Song]] | {{Nominated}} |- | "[[I'll Be Missing You]]" <small>(featuring [[Faith Evans]] & [[112 (band)|112]])</small> | rowspan="7"|[[Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group|Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group]] | {{Won}} |- | "[[Mo Money Mo Problems]]" <small>(with [[the Notorious B.I.G.]] & [[Mase]])</small> | {{nom}} |- | "[[Can't Nobody Hold Me Down]]" <small>(featuring Mase)</small> | {{Nominated}} |- | style="text-align:center;"| [[42nd Annual Grammy Awards|2000]] | "[[Satisfy You (Puff Daddy song)|Satisfy You]]" <small>(featuring [[R. Kelly]])</small> | {{Nominated}} |<ref name="Rock on the Net 2000" /> |- | style="text-align:center;"| [[44th Annual Grammy Awards|2002]] | "[[Bad Boy for Life]]" <small>(with [[Black Rob]] & Mark Curry)</small> | {{Nominated}} |<ref name="Rock on the Net 2002" /> |- | style="text-align:center;"| [[45th Annual Grammy Awards|2003]] | "[[Pass the Courvoisier, Part II]]" <small>(with [[Busta Rhymes]] & [[Pharrell Williams|Pharrell]])</small> | {{Nominated}} |<ref name="Rock on the Net 2003" /> |- | style="text-align:center;"| [[46th Annual Grammy Awards|2004]] | "[[Shake Ya Tailfeather]]" <small>(with [[Nelly]] & [[Murphy Lee]])</small> | {{Won}} |<ref name="Rock on the Net 2004" /> |- | style="text-align:center;"| [[58th Annual Grammy Awards|2016]] | "[[All Day (Kanye West song)|All Day]]" <small>(as songwriter)</small> | [[Grammy Award for Best Rap Song|Best Rap Song]] | {{Nominated}} |<ref name="AutoRQ-25">{{Cite web |title=Final Nomination List: 58th Grammy Awards |url=http://www.grammy.com/files/58th-final-58thpresslist12042015.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210200316/http://www.grammy.com/files/58th-final-58thpresslist12042015.pdf |archive-date=December 10, 2015 |access-date=September 4, 2019 |website=Grammy.com |publisher=National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;"| [[66th Annual Grammy Awards|2024]] | ''[[The Love Album: Off the Grid]]'' | [[Grammy Award for Best Progressive R&B Album|Best Progressive R&B Album]] | {{Nominated}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 GRAMMYs: See The Full Winners & Nominees List &#124; GRAMMY.com |url=https://grammy.com/news/2024-grammys-nominations-full-winners-nominees-list |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305064010/https://www.grammy.com/news/2024-grammys-nominations-full-winners-nominees-list |archive-date=March 5, 2024 |access-date=March 5, 2024 |website=grammy.com}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" rowspan="11" | [[MTV Europe Music Award]]s | rowspan="4" | [[1997 MTV Europe Music Awards|1997]] || rowspan="2" | "I'll Be Missing You" || [[MTV Europe Music Award for MTV Select|MTV Select]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[MTV Europe Music Award for Best Song|Best Song]] || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="8" | Sean Combs || [[MTV Europe Music Award for Best New Act|Best New Act]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[MTV Europe Music Award for Best Hip-Hop|Best Hip-Hop]] || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" | [[1998 MTV Europe Music Awards|1998]] || [[MTV Europe Music Award for Best Male|Best Male]] || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="5" | Best Hip-Hop || {{Nominated}} |- | [[1999 MTV Europe Music Awards|1999]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[2001 MTV Europe Music Awards|2001]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[2002 MTV Europe Music Awards|2002]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[2006 MTV Europe Music Awards|2006]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[2011 MTV Europe Music Awards|2011]] || Diddy – Dirty Money || [[MTV Europe Music Award for Best World Stage Performance|Best World Stage Performance]] || {{Nominated}} |- ! scope="row" rowspan="1" | [[MTV Movie & TV Awards]] | 2018 || ''Can't Stop, Won't Stop: A Bad Boy Story'' || Best Music Documentary || {{Nominated}} |- ! scope="row" rowspan="6" | [[MTV Video Music Award]]s | rowspan="2" | {{mtvvma|1997}} || rowspan="2" | "[[I'll Be Missing You]]" || Best R&B Video || {{Won}}{{sfn|Traugh|2010|p=72}} |- | Viewer's Choice || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="3" | {{mtvvma|1998}} || rowspan="2" | "[[It's All About the Benjamins]]" (Rock Remix) || Video of the Year || {{Nominated}} |- | Viewer's Choice || {{Won}}{{sfn|Traugh|2010|p=72}} |- | "[[Come with Me (Puff Daddy song)|Come with Me]]" {{small|(from [[Godzilla (1998 film)|Godzilla]])}} || Best Video from a Film || {{Nominated}} |- | {{mtvvma|2002}} || "[[Bad Boy for Life]]" || Best Rap Video || {{Nominated}} |- ! scope="row" rowspan="2" | [[NAACP Image Awards]] | 2009 | ''[[A Raisin in the Sun (2008 film)|A Raisin in the Sun]]'' | [[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special|Outstanding Actor in a Television Movie,<br />Mini-Series or Dramatic Special]] | {{Won}}{{sfn|Traugh|2010|p=79}} |- | 2011 | Diddy – Dirty Money | [[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Duo or Group|Outstanding Duo or Group]] | {{Nominated}} |} ;[[Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time]] {| class="wikitable" |- ! Rank ! Artist ! Albums executive produced by Sean Combs ! Year |- style="text-align:center;" | 134<ref name="Rolling Stone 6598713" /> | [[The Notorious B.I.G.]] | ''[[Ready to Die]]'' | 1994 |- style="text-align:center;" | 281<ref name="Rolling Stone 6626288" /> | [[Mary J. Blige]] | ''[[My Life (Mary J. Blige album)|My Life]]'' | 1994 |- style="text-align:center;" | 476<ref name="Rolling Stone 6627614" /> | The Notorious B.I.G. | ''[[Life After Death]]'' | 1997 |} == References == {{reflist|refs= <ref name="2007 BET Awards">{{cite web | title = 2007 BET Awards→Nominations→Best Hip-Hop Artist | work = BET Interactive | publisher = [[Black Entertainment Television]] | url = http://www1.bet.com/static/specials/betawards/ | accessdate = July 24, 2012 | archive-date = December 17, 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111217151652/http://www1.bet.com/static/specials/betawards/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> <ref name="Rock on the Net 1998"> {{cite web | title = 40th Grammy Awards | year = 1998 | publisher = Rock on the Net | url = http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/1998/grammys.htm | accessdate = July 22, 2012 }} </ref> <ref name="Rock on the Net 2000"> {{cite web | title = 42nd Grammy Awards | year = 2000 | publisher = Rock on the Net | url = http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2000/grammys.htm | accessdate = May 23, 2012 }} </ref> <ref name="Rock on the Net 2002"> {{cite web | title = 44th Grammy Awards | year = 2002 | publisher = Rock on the Net | url = http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2002/grammys.htm | accessdate = May 23, 2012 }} </ref> <ref name="Rock on the Net 2003"> {{cite web | title = 45th Grammy Awards | year = 2003 | publisher = Rock on the Net | url = http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2003/grammys.htm | accessdate = May 23, 2012 }} </ref> <ref name="Rock on the Net 2004"> {{cite web | title = 46th Grammy Awards | year = 2004 | publisher = Rock on the Net | url = http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2004/grammys.htm | accessdate = May 23, 2012 }} </ref> <ref name="Rolling Stone 6598713">{{cite magazine | title = Ready to Die | date = November 1, 2003 | magazine = Rolling Stone | url = https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120531/the-notorious-b-i-g-ready-to-die-19691231 | accessdate = July 28, 2012 | archive-date = July 9, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120709093130/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120531/the-notorious-b-i-g-ready-to-die-19691231 | url-status = dead }}</ref> <ref name="Rolling Stone 6626288">{{cite magazine | title = My Life | date = November 1, 2003 | magazine = Rolling Stone | url = https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-19691231/my-life-mary-j-blige-19691231 | accessdate = July 28, 2012 | archive-date = May 25, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120525101000/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-19691231/my-life-mary-j-blige-19691231 | url-status = dead }}</ref> <ref name="Rolling Stone 6627614">{{cite magazine | title = Life After Death | date = November 1, 2003 | magazine = Rolling Stone | url = https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120531/the-notorious-b-i-g-life-after-death-19691231 | accessdate = July 28, 2012 | archive-date = July 12, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120712073228/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120531/the-notorious-b-i-g-life-after-death-19691231 | url-status = dead }}</ref> }} {{music-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Combs, Sean}} [[Category:1969 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:20th-century American rappers]] [[Category:21st-century American rappers]] [[Category:African-American movie actors]] [[Category:African-American rappers]] [[Category:African-American television actors]] [[Category:American hip hop record producers]] [[Category:American hip hop singers]] [[Category:American R&B singers]] [[Category:Actors from New York City]] [[Category:American Grammy Award winners]] [[Category:Singers from New York City]] [[Category:Rappers from New York (state)]] [[Category:American pop rappers]] rrx62n08p4n15l9mfk8zebbr6sidehk 10368320 10368290 2025-07-02T21:53:33Z 2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA simple 10368320 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Sean Combs | image = Sean Combs in 2023.png | caption = Combs in 2023 | birth_name = Sean John Combs | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1969|11|4}}{{sfn|Traugh|2010|p=13}} | birth_place = New York City, U.S. | death_date = | alias = {{hlist|Diddy|Puff Daddy|P. Diddy|Puffy|Puff|Love}} | occupation = {{hlist|Rapper|singer|songwriter|record producer|record executive|entrepreneur|television producer|actor}} | years_active = 1990 – Present<ref name="YNUptown">{{Cite web |date=May 9, 2020 |title=Music boss who launched Sean Combs and Mary J Blige dies aged 59 |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/music-boss-launched-sean-combs-155608486.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208085353/https://sports.yahoo.com/music-boss-launched-sean-combs-155608486.html |archive-date=December 8, 2021 |access-date=December 8, 2021 |publisher=[[Yahoo! News]]}}</ref> | works = {{hlist|[[Sean Combs discography|Discography]]|[[#Filmography|filmography]]|[[Sean Combs production discography|production]]}} | children = 7 | partner = {{plainlist| * Kimberly Porter (1994–2007)<ref name="USA Today 2007">{{Cite web |date=February 27, 2007 |title=It's baby times two for these couples |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/people/2007-02-27-celeb-twins_x.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702103511/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/people/2007-02-27-celeb-twins_x.htm |archive-date=July 2, 2017 |access-date=January 12, 2015 |website=USA Today |publisher=Gannett Co. Inc.}}</ref> * Cassie Ventura (2007-2018) * Yung Miami (2021–2024)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Genai |first1=Shanelle |title=Are Yung Miami and Diddy Finally Breaking Up? Here's What We Know |url=https://www.theroot.com/are-yung-miami-and-diddy-finally-breaking-up-heres-wha-1851497820 |website=The Root |access-date=July 19, 2024 |language=en |date=May 24, 2024}}</ref> }} | awards = [[#Awards|Full list]] | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | genre = {{hlist|[[East Coast hip hop]]|[[Contemporary R&B|R&B]]}} | label = {{hlist|Love|[[Motown]]|[[Epic Records|Epic]]|[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]|[[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]]|[[Bad Boy Records|Bad Boy]]|[[Bertelsmann Music Group|BMG]]|[[Universal Records (1995−2006)|Universal]]|[[Arista Records|Arista]]|[[Uptown Records|Uptown]]}} | current_member_of = [[Bad Boy Records#The Hitmen|The Hitmen]] | past_member_of = Diddy – Dirty Money | website = {{URL|diddy.com}} }} }} '''Sean John Combs''' (born November 4, 1969) is an American rapper, singer, producer, and actor. Combs has used many stage names during his [[career]]. He currently uses '''Diddy''' but has also used '''P Diddy''' and '''Puff Daddy.''' He was born in [[Harlem, New York]]. He started his musical career in 1988. He is in connection with [[Bad Boy Records]]. He is the richest hip hop musician.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2013/03/27/the-forbes-five-hip-hops-wealthiest-artists-2013/|title=The Forbes Five: Hip-Hop's Wealthiest Artists 2013|first=Zack O'Malley|last=Greenburg|website=Forbes}}</ref> Combs has won three [[Grammy Awards]]. Three albums that he executive produced were put on ''Rolling Stone'' magazines list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. In 2001 Combs acted in ''Made''. In 2010, Combs released his fifth album known as: ''Last Train to Paris''. In 2025, he was convicted in the lower court system; As of July, he will not get out of prison, while waiting for the judge to decide what the [[punishment]] will be<!--he is not getting out on [[bail]]-->.<ref>https://www.vg.no/rampelys/i/o3oaOR/juryen-har-bestemt-seg. Retrieved 2025-07-02</ref> ==Legal issues== On November 16, 2023, Combs' ex girlfriend Casandra "Cassie" Ventura filed a $30 million sexual assault lawsuit against him, alleging that he subjected her to a decade-long “cycle of abuse, violence and sex trafficking.”<ref name=":0">https://people.com/diddys-ex-cassie-accuses-him-rape-sex-trafficking-domestic-violence-in-lawsuit-8403836</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2023-11-16|title=Sean 'Diddy' Combs accused of years of rape and abuse by singer Cassie in lawsuit|url=https://apnews.com/article/diddy-sean-combs-cassie-lawsuit-e3681f1abbe38c11d829c269c9a89260|access-date=2023-11-17|website=AP News|language=en}}</ref> Cassie claimed that the abuse began when their relationship started that also included a 2018 rape after she tried to leave him, and multiple instances of domestic violence.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Combs' attorney has denied the allegation.<ref name=":0" /> He would settle the lawsuit on November 17.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-11-18|title=Sean ‘Diddy’ Combs and singer Cassie settle abuse lawsuit one day after filing|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2023/nov/17/sean-diddy-combs-cassie-settle-abuse-lawsuit|access-date=2023-11-18|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> On March 25, 2024, the [[Department of Homeland Security]] raided Combs' property relating to a ongoing investigation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/sean-diddy-combs-federal-investigation-homes-searched-rcna145006|access-date=March 26, 2024|title=Homes of Sean 'Diddy' Combs searched by federal officials, sources say|publisher=[[NBC News]]}}</ref> On September 16, police arrested Combs on charges of [[sex trafficking]] and [[racketeering]] in [[Manhattan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/sean-diddy-combs-arrested-federal-agents-new-york/story?id=113744597|access-date=September 17, 2024|title=Sean 'Diddy' Combs hit with sex trafficking, racketeering charges in sprawling indictment|publisher=[[ABC News]]}}</ref> He would appear in court the next day and the judge denied his [[Bail|bond]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/sean-diddy-combs-arrested-court-5d570cab4625ca5f9dd16dfd7df4437c|access-date=September 17, 2024|title=Judge orders Sean 'Diddy' Combs jailed in sex trafficking and racketeering charges|publisher=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> ===Claims about sexual misconduct=== In September 2024 one of Combs's daughter's came forward to expose her father's [[incest|incestual attacks]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Helmore|first=Edward|date=2024-09-25|title=Children of Sean ‘Diddy’ Combs hit out about alleged ‘memoir’ by their mother|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2024/sep/25/diddy-kim-porter-memoir#:~:text=The%20statement%20from%20Combs's%20and,by%20selling%20it%20as%20pornography%E2%80%9D.|access-date=2024-10-01|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> In July 2025, Sean Combs was convicted of transportation for the purpose of prostitution However, the jury returned a not guilty verdict on the charges of human trafficking, and extortion conspiracy<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telemundopr.com/noticias/eeuu/jurado-llega-veredicto-juicio-sean-diddy-combs-en-nueva-york/2729597/ |title=ciudad de nueva york Jurado declared no culpability to Sean “Diddy” Combs of the main cargo in the sexual traffic juice |work=Telemundo Puerto Rico |date=02 July 2025 |access-date=02 July 2025}}</ref>. ==Personal life== Combs has six children. He is also the [[stepfather]] of his former girlfriend Kimberly Porter's son Quincy. == Discography == '''Studio albums''' * 1997: ''[[No Way Out (album)|No Way Out]]'' * 1999: ''[[Forever (Puff Daddy album)|Forever]]'' * 2001: ''[[The Saga Continues...]]'' * 2002: ''[[We Invented the Remix]]'' * 2006: ''[[Press Play (album)|Press Play]]'' * 2023: ''[[The Love Album: Off the Grid]]'' ==Filmography== ===Film=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- |rowspan=2| 2001 | ''[[Made (2001 film)|Made]]'' | Ruiz | |- | ''[[Monster's Ball]]'' | Lawrence Musgrove | |- | 2003 | ''[[Death of a Dynasty]]'' | Himself | |- | 2005 | ''[[Carlito's Way: Rise to Power]]'' | Hollywood Nicky | Video |- | 2008 | ''[[A Raisin in the Sun (2008 film)|A Raisin in the Sun]]'' | Walter Lee Younger | TV movie |- |rowspan=2| 2010 | ''[[Get Him to the Greek]]'' | Sergio | |- | ''[[I'm Still Here (2010 film)|I'm Still Here]]'' | Himself | |- |rowspan=2| 2014 | ''[[Muppets Most Wanted]]'' | Himself | |- | ''[[Draft Day]]'' | Chris Crawford | |- | 2017 | ''[[Girls Trip]]'' | Himself | |} ===Television=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- | 1992 | ''[[In Living Color]]'' | Himself | Episode: "Episode #3.27" |- | 1997 | ''[[The Steve Harvey Show]]'' | Himself | Episode: "I Do, I Don't" |- | 1997–01 | ''[[Showtime at the Apollo]]'' | Himself | Recurring Guest |- |rowspan=2| 1999 | ''Videotech'' | Himself | Episode: "Episode #1.136" |- | ''The Priory'' | Himself | Episode: "Episode #1.3" |- | 1999–01 | ''[[Behind the Music]]'' | Himself | Recurring Guest |- |rowspan=2| 2000 | ''[[Top of the Pops]]'' | Himself | Episode: "Episode #37.11" |- | ''[[Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (American game show)|Who Wants to Be a Millionaire]]'' | Himself/Contestant | Episode: "Episode #1.172" & "#1.174" |- |rowspan=3| 2001 | ''Say It Loud: A Celebration of Black Music in America'' | Himself | Episode: "Express Yourself" |- | ''[[Jackass (franchise)|Jackass]]'' | Himself | Episode: "Beard of Leeches" |- | ''Journeys in Black'' | Himself | Episode: "Johnnie Cochran" |- |rowspan=5| 2002 | ''[[All That]]'' | Himself | Episode: "P. Diddy" |- | ''[[Anatomy of a Scene]]'' | Himself | Episode: "Monster's Ball" |- | ''[[The Nick Cannon Show (TV series)|The Nick Cannon Show]]'' | Himself | Episode: "Nick Takes Over Style" |- | ''[[2002 MTV Europe Music Awards|MTV Europe Music Awards]]'' | Himself/Host | Main Host |- | ''Top Ten'' | Himself | Episode: "Camp Pop" |- |rowspan=2| 2004 | ''[[The Ashlee Simpson Show]]'' | Himself | Episode: "Ashlee Goes Platinum" |- | ''Style Star'' | Himself | Episode: "Sean 'P. Diddy' Combs" |- | 2005 | ''[[2005 MTV Video Music Awards|MTV Video Music Awards]]'' | Himself/Host | Main Host |- | 2009 | ''[[CSI: Miami]]'' | Derek Powell | Episode: "Presumed Guilty" & "Sink or Swim" |- | 2010 | ''[[Entourage (American TV series)|Entourage]]'' | Himself | Episode: "Tequila and Coke" |- | 2011 | ''[[Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series)|Hawaii Five-0]]'' | Reggie Cole | Episode: "Hoʻopaʻi" |- | 2012 | ''[[It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia]]'' | Dr. Jinx | Episode: "Charlie's Mom Has Cancer" |- | 2015 | ''[[Black-ish]]'' | Elroy Savoy | Episode: "Pops' Pops' Pops" |} ===Documentary=== {| class="wikitable" ! Year ! Title |- | 1995 | ''[[The Show (1995 film)|The Show]]'' |- | 1998 | ''Where It's At: The Rolling Stone State of the Union'' |- | 2002 | ''Street Dreams'' |- | 2004 | ''[[Fade to Black (2004 film)|Fade to Black]]'' |- | 2005 | ''Seamless'' |- |rowspan=2| 2017 | ''Can't Stop, Won't Stop: A Bad Boy Story'' |- | ''[[The Defiant Ones (documentary)|The Defiant Ones]]'' |- | 2021 | ''[[Mary J. Blige's My Life]]'' |} == Awards == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+ Awards and nominations received by Sean Combs |- ! scope="col" | Award ! scope="col" | Year ! scope="col" | Nominated work ! scope="col" | Category ! scope="col" | Result ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- ! scope="row" rowspan="9" | [[BET Awards]] | rowspan="2" | [[BET Awards 2002|2002]] || "[[Bad Boy for Life]]"<br />{{small|(featuring [[Black Rob]] & Mark Curry)}} || rowspan="2" | [[BET Award for Video of the Year|Video of the Year]] || {{Nominated}} |- | "[[Pass the Courvoisier, Part II]]"<br />{{small|(with [[Busta Rhymes]] & [[Pharrell Williams]])}} || {{Won}} |- | [[BET Awards 2003|2003]] || "[[Bump, Bump, Bump]]" {{small|(with [[B2K]])}} || [[BET Award for Viewer's Choice|Coca-Cola Viewer's Choice Award]] || {{Won}} |- | rowspan="2" | [[BET Awards 2007|2007]]<ref name="2007 BET Awards" /> || "[[Last Night (Diddy song)|Last Night]]" {{small|(featuring [[Keyshia Cole]])}} || [[BET Award for Best Collaboration|Best Collaboration]] || {{Nominated}} |- | Diddy || [[BET Award for Best Male Hip-Hop Artist|Best Male Hip-Hop Artist]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[BET Awards 2010|2010]] || rowspan="3" | Diddy – Dirty Money || rowspan="4" | [[BET Award for Best Group|Best Group]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[BET Awards 2011|2011]] || {{Won}} |- | [[BET Awards 2012|2012]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[BET Awards 2016|2016]] || Puff Daddy and the Family || {{Nominated}} |- ! scope="row" rowspan="12" | [[BET Hip Hop Awards]] | rowspan="2" | 2008 || "Roc Boys (And the Winner Is)..." || Track of the Year || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" | Sean Combs || rowspan="2" | Hustler of the Year || {{Won}} |- | 2009 || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="4" | 2010 || "All I Do Is Win (Remix)" || rowspan="2" | Reese's Perfect Combo Award || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" | "Hello Good Morning (Remix)" || {{Nominated}} |- | Best Club Banger || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" | Sean Combs || rowspan="2" | Hustler of the Year || {{Won}} |- | 2011 || {{Nominated}} |- | 2012 || rowspan="2" | "Same Damn Time (Remix)" || rowspan="2" | Sweet 16: Best Featured Verse || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" | 2013 || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" | Sean Combs || rowspan="2" | Hustler of the Year || {{Nominated}} |- | 2017 || {{Nominated}} |- ! scope="row" rowspan="13" | [[Grammy Award]]s | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="7" | [[40th Annual Grammy Awards|1998]] | Puff Daddy | [[Grammy Award for Best New Artist|Best New Artist]] | {{Nominated}} | rowspan="7"|<ref name="Rock on the Net 1998" /><br /><ref name="DigitalHit 1998">{{Cite web |year=1998 |title=40th Annual Grammy Award Nominations Coverage (1998) |url=http://www.digitalhit.com/grammy/40/nominees.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729054148/http://www.digitalhit.com/grammy/40/nominees.shtml |archive-date=July 29, 2013 |access-date=April 16, 2017 |website=DigitalHit}}</ref> |- | ''[[No Way Out (Puff Daddy album)|No Way Out]]'' | rowspan="2"|[[Grammy Award for Best Rap Album|Best Rap Album]] | {{Won}} |- | ''[[Life After Death]]'' <small>(as producer)</small> | {{Nominated}} |- | "[[Honey (Mariah Carey song)|Honey]]" <small>(as songwriter)</small> | [[Grammy Award for Best R&B Song|Best Rhythm & Blues Song]] | {{Nominated}} |- | "[[I'll Be Missing You]]" <small>(featuring [[Faith Evans]] & [[112 (band)|112]])</small> | rowspan="7"|[[Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group|Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group]] | {{Won}} |- | "[[Mo Money Mo Problems]]" <small>(with [[the Notorious B.I.G.]] & [[Mase]])</small> | {{nom}} |- | "[[Can't Nobody Hold Me Down]]" <small>(featuring Mase)</small> | {{Nominated}} |- | style="text-align:center;"| [[42nd Annual Grammy Awards|2000]] | "[[Satisfy You (Puff Daddy song)|Satisfy You]]" <small>(featuring [[R. Kelly]])</small> | {{Nominated}} |<ref name="Rock on the Net 2000" /> |- | style="text-align:center;"| [[44th Annual Grammy Awards|2002]] | "[[Bad Boy for Life]]" <small>(with [[Black Rob]] & Mark Curry)</small> | {{Nominated}} |<ref name="Rock on the Net 2002" /> |- | style="text-align:center;"| [[45th Annual Grammy Awards|2003]] | "[[Pass the Courvoisier, Part II]]" <small>(with [[Busta Rhymes]] & [[Pharrell Williams|Pharrell]])</small> | {{Nominated}} |<ref name="Rock on the Net 2003" /> |- | style="text-align:center;"| [[46th Annual Grammy Awards|2004]] | "[[Shake Ya Tailfeather]]" <small>(with [[Nelly]] & [[Murphy Lee]])</small> | {{Won}} |<ref name="Rock on the Net 2004" /> |- | style="text-align:center;"| [[58th Annual Grammy Awards|2016]] | "[[All Day (Kanye West song)|All Day]]" <small>(as songwriter)</small> | [[Grammy Award for Best Rap Song|Best Rap Song]] | {{Nominated}} |<ref name="AutoRQ-25">{{Cite web |title=Final Nomination List: 58th Grammy Awards |url=http://www.grammy.com/files/58th-final-58thpresslist12042015.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210200316/http://www.grammy.com/files/58th-final-58thpresslist12042015.pdf |archive-date=December 10, 2015 |access-date=September 4, 2019 |website=Grammy.com |publisher=National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;"| [[66th Annual Grammy Awards|2024]] | ''[[The Love Album: Off the Grid]]'' | [[Grammy Award for Best Progressive R&B Album|Best Progressive R&B Album]] | {{Nominated}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 GRAMMYs: See The Full Winners & Nominees List &#124; GRAMMY.com |url=https://grammy.com/news/2024-grammys-nominations-full-winners-nominees-list |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305064010/https://www.grammy.com/news/2024-grammys-nominations-full-winners-nominees-list |archive-date=March 5, 2024 |access-date=March 5, 2024 |website=grammy.com}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" rowspan="11" | [[MTV Europe Music Award]]s | rowspan="4" | [[1997 MTV Europe Music Awards|1997]] || rowspan="2" | "I'll Be Missing You" || [[MTV Europe Music Award for MTV Select|MTV Select]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[MTV Europe Music Award for Best Song|Best Song]] || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="8" | Sean Combs || [[MTV Europe Music Award for Best New Act|Best New Act]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[MTV Europe Music Award for Best Hip-Hop|Best Hip-Hop]] || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" | [[1998 MTV Europe Music Awards|1998]] || [[MTV Europe Music Award for Best Male|Best Male]] || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="5" | Best Hip-Hop || {{Nominated}} |- | [[1999 MTV Europe Music Awards|1999]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[2001 MTV Europe Music Awards|2001]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[2002 MTV Europe Music Awards|2002]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[2006 MTV Europe Music Awards|2006]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[2011 MTV Europe Music Awards|2011]] || Diddy – Dirty Money || [[MTV Europe Music Award for Best World Stage Performance|Best World Stage Performance]] || {{Nominated}} |- ! scope="row" rowspan="1" | [[MTV Movie & TV Awards]] | 2018 || ''Can't Stop, Won't Stop: A Bad Boy Story'' || Best Music Documentary || {{Nominated}} |- ! scope="row" rowspan="6" | [[MTV Video Music Award]]s | rowspan="2" | {{mtvvma|1997}} || rowspan="2" | "[[I'll Be Missing You]]" || Best R&B Video || {{Won}}{{sfn|Traugh|2010|p=72}} |- | Viewer's Choice || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="3" | {{mtvvma|1998}} || rowspan="2" | "[[It's All About the Benjamins]]" (Rock Remix) || Video of the Year || {{Nominated}} |- | Viewer's Choice || {{Won}}{{sfn|Traugh|2010|p=72}} |- | "[[Come with Me (Puff Daddy song)|Come with Me]]" {{small|(from [[Godzilla (1998 film)|Godzilla]])}} || Best Video from a Film || {{Nominated}} |- | {{mtvvma|2002}} || "[[Bad Boy for Life]]" || Best Rap Video || {{Nominated}} |- ! scope="row" rowspan="2" | [[NAACP Image Awards]] | 2009 | ''[[A Raisin in the Sun (2008 film)|A Raisin in the Sun]]'' | [[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special|Outstanding Actor in a Television Movie,<br />Mini-Series or Dramatic Special]] | {{Won}}{{sfn|Traugh|2010|p=79}} |- | 2011 | Diddy – Dirty Money | [[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Duo or Group|Outstanding Duo or Group]] | {{Nominated}} |} ;[[Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time]] {| class="wikitable" |- ! Rank ! Artist ! Albums executive produced by Sean Combs ! Year |- style="text-align:center;" | 134<ref name="Rolling Stone 6598713" /> | [[The Notorious B.I.G.]] | ''[[Ready to Die]]'' | 1994 |- style="text-align:center;" | 281<ref name="Rolling Stone 6626288" /> | [[Mary J. Blige]] | ''[[My Life (Mary J. Blige album)|My Life]]'' | 1994 |- style="text-align:center;" | 476<ref name="Rolling Stone 6627614" /> | The Notorious B.I.G. | ''[[Life After Death]]'' | 1997 |} == References == {{reflist|refs= <ref name="2007 BET Awards">{{cite web | title = 2007 BET Awards→Nominations→Best Hip-Hop Artist | work = BET Interactive | publisher = [[Black Entertainment Television]] | url = http://www1.bet.com/static/specials/betawards/ | accessdate = July 24, 2012 | archive-date = December 17, 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111217151652/http://www1.bet.com/static/specials/betawards/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> <ref name="Rock on the Net 1998"> {{cite web | title = 40th Grammy Awards | year = 1998 | publisher = Rock on the Net | url = http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/1998/grammys.htm | accessdate = July 22, 2012 }} </ref> <ref name="Rock on the Net 2000"> {{cite web | title = 42nd Grammy Awards | year = 2000 | publisher = Rock on the Net | url = http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2000/grammys.htm | accessdate = May 23, 2012 }} </ref> <ref name="Rock on the Net 2002"> {{cite web | title = 44th Grammy Awards | year = 2002 | publisher = Rock on the Net | url = http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2002/grammys.htm | accessdate = May 23, 2012 }} </ref> <ref name="Rock on the Net 2003"> {{cite web | title = 45th Grammy Awards | year = 2003 | publisher = Rock on the Net | url = http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2003/grammys.htm | accessdate = May 23, 2012 }} </ref> <ref name="Rock on the Net 2004"> {{cite web | title = 46th Grammy Awards | year = 2004 | publisher = Rock on the Net | url = http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2004/grammys.htm | accessdate = May 23, 2012 }} </ref> <ref name="Rolling Stone 6598713">{{cite magazine | title = Ready to Die | date = November 1, 2003 | magazine = Rolling Stone | url = https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120531/the-notorious-b-i-g-ready-to-die-19691231 | accessdate = July 28, 2012 | archive-date = July 9, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120709093130/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120531/the-notorious-b-i-g-ready-to-die-19691231 | url-status = dead }}</ref> <ref name="Rolling Stone 6626288">{{cite magazine | title = My Life | date = November 1, 2003 | magazine = Rolling Stone | url = https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-19691231/my-life-mary-j-blige-19691231 | accessdate = July 28, 2012 | archive-date = May 25, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120525101000/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-19691231/my-life-mary-j-blige-19691231 | url-status = dead }}</ref> <ref name="Rolling Stone 6627614">{{cite magazine | title = Life After Death | date = November 1, 2003 | magazine = Rolling Stone | url = https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120531/the-notorious-b-i-g-life-after-death-19691231 | accessdate = July 28, 2012 | archive-date = July 12, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120712073228/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120531/the-notorious-b-i-g-life-after-death-19691231 | url-status = dead }}</ref> }} {{music-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Combs, Sean}} [[Category:1969 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:20th-century American rappers]] [[Category:21st-century American rappers]] [[Category:African-American movie actors]] [[Category:African-American rappers]] [[Category:African-American television actors]] [[Category:American hip hop record producers]] [[Category:American hip hop singers]] [[Category:American R&B singers]] [[Category:Actors from New York City]] [[Category:American Grammy Award winners]] [[Category:Singers from New York City]] [[Category:Rappers from New York (state)]] [[Category:American pop rappers]] irxnsgxdi4002bsasyjkpqflzwqf3ce 10368603 10368320 2025-07-03T00:47:59Z NX3710 1629609 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA|talk]]) to last version by 2A02:8440:7508:9812:346C:CCFF:FE97:904C 10367796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Sean Combs | image = Sean Combs in 2023.png | caption = Combs in 2023 | birth_name = Sean John Combs | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1969|11|4}}{{sfn|Traugh|2010|p=13}} | birth_place = New York City, U.S. | death_date = | alias = {{hlist|Diddy|Puff Daddy|P. Diddy|Puffy|Puff|Love}} | occupation = {{hlist|Rapper|singer|songwriter|record producer|record executive|entrepreneur|television producer|actor}} | years_active = 1990 – Present<ref name="YNUptown">{{Cite web |date=May 9, 2020 |title=Music boss who launched Sean Combs and Mary J Blige dies aged 59 |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/music-boss-launched-sean-combs-155608486.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208085353/https://sports.yahoo.com/music-boss-launched-sean-combs-155608486.html |archive-date=December 8, 2021 |access-date=December 8, 2021 |publisher=[[Yahoo! News]]}}</ref> | works = {{hlist|[[Sean Combs discography|Discography]]|[[#Filmography|filmography]]|[[Sean Combs production discography|production]]}} | children = 7 | partner = {{plainlist| * Kimberly Porter (1994–2007)<ref name="USA Today 2007">{{Cite web |date=February 27, 2007 |title=It's baby times two for these couples |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/people/2007-02-27-celeb-twins_x.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702103511/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/people/2007-02-27-celeb-twins_x.htm |archive-date=July 2, 2017 |access-date=January 12, 2015 |website=USA Today |publisher=Gannett Co. Inc.}}</ref> * Cassie Ventura (2007-2018) * Yung Miami (2021–2024)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Genai |first1=Shanelle |title=Are Yung Miami and Diddy Finally Breaking Up? Here's What We Know |url=https://www.theroot.com/are-yung-miami-and-diddy-finally-breaking-up-heres-wha-1851497820 |website=The Root |access-date=July 19, 2024 |language=en |date=May 24, 2024}}</ref> }} | awards = [[#Awards|Full list]] | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | genre = {{hlist|[[East Coast hip hop]]|[[Contemporary R&B|R&B]]}} | label = {{hlist|Love|[[Motown]]|[[Epic Records|Epic]]|[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]|[[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]]|[[Bad Boy Records|Bad Boy]]|[[Bertelsmann Music Group|BMG]]|[[Universal Records (1995−2006)|Universal]]|[[Arista Records|Arista]]|[[Uptown Records|Uptown]]}} | current_member_of = [[Bad Boy Records#The Hitmen|The Hitmen]] | past_member_of = Diddy – Dirty Money | website = {{URL|diddy.com}} }} }} '''Sean John Combs''' (born November 4, 1969) is an American rapper, singer, producer, and actor. Combs has used many stage names during his [[career]]. He currently uses '''Diddy''' but has also used '''P Diddy''' and '''Puff Daddy.''' He was born in [[Harlem, New York]]. He started his musical career in 1988. He is in connection with [[Bad Boy Records]]. He is the richest hip hop musician.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2013/03/27/the-forbes-five-hip-hops-wealthiest-artists-2013/|title=The Forbes Five: Hip-Hop's Wealthiest Artists 2013|first=Zack O'Malley|last=Greenburg|website=Forbes}}</ref> Combs has won three [[Grammy Awards]]. Three albums that he executive produced were put on ''Rolling Stone'' magazines list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. In 2001 Combs acted in ''Made''. In 2010, Combs released his fifth album known as: ''Last Train to Paris''. ==Legal issues== On November 16, 2023, Combs' ex girlfriend Casandra "Cassie" Ventura filed a $30 million sexual assault lawsuit against him, alleging that he subjected her to a decade-long “cycle of abuse, violence and sex trafficking.”<ref name=":0">https://people.com/diddys-ex-cassie-accuses-him-rape-sex-trafficking-domestic-violence-in-lawsuit-8403836</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2023-11-16|title=Sean 'Diddy' Combs accused of years of rape and abuse by singer Cassie in lawsuit|url=https://apnews.com/article/diddy-sean-combs-cassie-lawsuit-e3681f1abbe38c11d829c269c9a89260|access-date=2023-11-17|website=AP News|language=en}}</ref> Cassie claimed that the abuse began when their relationship started that also included a 2018 rape after she tried to leave him, and multiple instances of domestic violence.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Combs' attorney has denied the allegation.<ref name=":0" /> He would settle the lawsuit on November 17.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-11-18|title=Sean ‘Diddy’ Combs and singer Cassie settle abuse lawsuit one day after filing|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2023/nov/17/sean-diddy-combs-cassie-settle-abuse-lawsuit|access-date=2023-11-18|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> On March 25, 2024, the [[Department of Homeland Security]] raided Combs' property relating to a ongoing investigation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/sean-diddy-combs-federal-investigation-homes-searched-rcna145006|access-date=March 26, 2024|title=Homes of Sean 'Diddy' Combs searched by federal officials, sources say|publisher=[[NBC News]]}}</ref> On September 16, police arrested Combs on charges of [[sex trafficking]] and [[racketeering]] in [[Manhattan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/sean-diddy-combs-arrested-federal-agents-new-york/story?id=113744597|access-date=September 17, 2024|title=Sean 'Diddy' Combs hit with sex trafficking, racketeering charges in sprawling indictment|publisher=[[ABC News]]}}</ref> He would appear in court the next day and the judge denied his [[Bail|bond]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/sean-diddy-combs-arrested-court-5d570cab4625ca5f9dd16dfd7df4437c|access-date=September 17, 2024|title=Judge orders Sean 'Diddy' Combs jailed in sex trafficking and racketeering charges|publisher=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> ===Claims about sexual misconduct=== In September 2024 one of Combs's daughter's came forward to expose her father's [[incest|incestual attacks]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Helmore|first=Edward|date=2024-09-25|title=Children of Sean ‘Diddy’ Combs hit out about alleged ‘memoir’ by their mother|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2024/sep/25/diddy-kim-porter-memoir#:~:text=The%20statement%20from%20Combs's%20and,by%20selling%20it%20as%20pornography%E2%80%9D.|access-date=2024-10-01|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> In July 2025, Sean Combs was convicted of transportation for the purpose of prostitution However, the jury returned a not guilty verdict on the charges of human trafficking, and extortion conspiracy<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telemundopr.com/noticias/eeuu/jurado-llega-veredicto-juicio-sean-diddy-combs-en-nueva-york/2729597/ |title=ciudad de nueva york Jurado declared no culpability to Sean “Diddy” Combs of the main cargo in the sexual traffic juice |work=Telemundo Puerto Rico |date=02 July 2025 |access-date=02 July 2025}}</ref>. ==Personal life== Combs has six children. He is also the [[stepfather]] of his former girlfriend Kimberly Porter's son Quincy. == Discography == '''Studio albums''' * 1997: ''[[No Way Out (album)|No Way Out]]'' * 1999: ''[[Forever (Puff Daddy album)|Forever]]'' * 2001: ''[[The Saga Continues...]]'' * 2002: ''[[We Invented the Remix]]'' * 2006: ''[[Press Play (album)|Press Play]]'' * 2023: ''[[The Love Album: Off the Grid]]'' ==Filmography== ===Film=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- |rowspan=2| 2001 | ''[[Made (2001 film)|Made]]'' | Ruiz | |- | ''[[Monster's Ball]]'' | Lawrence Musgrove | |- | 2003 | ''[[Death of a Dynasty]]'' | Himself | |- | 2005 | ''[[Carlito's Way: Rise to Power]]'' | Hollywood Nicky | Video |- | 2008 | ''[[A Raisin in the Sun (2008 film)|A Raisin in the Sun]]'' | Walter Lee Younger | TV movie |- |rowspan=2| 2010 | ''[[Get Him to the Greek]]'' | Sergio | |- | ''[[I'm Still Here (2010 film)|I'm Still Here]]'' | Himself | |- |rowspan=2| 2014 | ''[[Muppets Most Wanted]]'' | Himself | |- | ''[[Draft Day]]'' | Chris Crawford | |- | 2017 | ''[[Girls Trip]]'' | Himself | |} ===Television=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- | 1992 | ''[[In Living Color]]'' | Himself | Episode: "Episode #3.27" |- | 1997 | ''[[The Steve Harvey Show]]'' | Himself | Episode: "I Do, I Don't" |- | 1997–01 | ''[[Showtime at the Apollo]]'' | Himself | Recurring Guest |- |rowspan=2| 1999 | ''Videotech'' | Himself | Episode: "Episode #1.136" |- | ''The Priory'' | Himself | Episode: "Episode #1.3" |- | 1999–01 | ''[[Behind the Music]]'' | Himself | Recurring Guest |- |rowspan=2| 2000 | ''[[Top of the Pops]]'' | Himself | Episode: "Episode #37.11" |- | ''[[Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (American game show)|Who Wants to Be a Millionaire]]'' | Himself/Contestant | Episode: "Episode #1.172" & "#1.174" |- |rowspan=3| 2001 | ''Say It Loud: A Celebration of Black Music in America'' | Himself | Episode: "Express Yourself" |- | ''[[Jackass (franchise)|Jackass]]'' | Himself | Episode: "Beard of Leeches" |- | ''Journeys in Black'' | Himself | Episode: "Johnnie Cochran" |- |rowspan=5| 2002 | ''[[All That]]'' | Himself | Episode: "P. Diddy" |- | ''[[Anatomy of a Scene]]'' | Himself | Episode: "Monster's Ball" |- | ''[[The Nick Cannon Show (TV series)|The Nick Cannon Show]]'' | Himself | Episode: "Nick Takes Over Style" |- | ''[[2002 MTV Europe Music Awards|MTV Europe Music Awards]]'' | Himself/Host | Main Host |- | ''Top Ten'' | Himself | Episode: "Camp Pop" |- |rowspan=2| 2004 | ''[[The Ashlee Simpson Show]]'' | Himself | Episode: "Ashlee Goes Platinum" |- | ''Style Star'' | Himself | Episode: "Sean 'P. Diddy' Combs" |- | 2005 | ''[[2005 MTV Video Music Awards|MTV Video Music Awards]]'' | Himself/Host | Main Host |- | 2009 | ''[[CSI: Miami]]'' | Derek Powell | Episode: "Presumed Guilty" & "Sink or Swim" |- | 2010 | ''[[Entourage (American TV series)|Entourage]]'' | Himself | Episode: "Tequila and Coke" |- | 2011 | ''[[Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series)|Hawaii Five-0]]'' | Reggie Cole | Episode: "Hoʻopaʻi" |- | 2012 | ''[[It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia]]'' | Dr. Jinx | Episode: "Charlie's Mom Has Cancer" |- | 2015 | ''[[Black-ish]]'' | Elroy Savoy | Episode: "Pops' Pops' Pops" |} ===Documentary=== {| class="wikitable" ! Year ! Title |- | 1995 | ''[[The Show (1995 film)|The Show]]'' |- | 1998 | ''Where It's At: The Rolling Stone State of the Union'' |- | 2002 | ''Street Dreams'' |- | 2004 | ''[[Fade to Black (2004 film)|Fade to Black]]'' |- | 2005 | ''Seamless'' |- |rowspan=2| 2017 | ''Can't Stop, Won't Stop: A Bad Boy Story'' |- | ''[[The Defiant Ones (documentary)|The Defiant Ones]]'' |- | 2021 | ''[[Mary J. Blige's My Life]]'' |} == Awards == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+ Awards and nominations received by Sean Combs |- ! scope="col" | Award ! scope="col" | Year ! scope="col" | Nominated work ! scope="col" | Category ! scope="col" | Result ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- ! scope="row" rowspan="9" | [[BET Awards]] | rowspan="2" | [[BET Awards 2002|2002]] || "[[Bad Boy for Life]]"<br />{{small|(featuring [[Black Rob]] & Mark Curry)}} || rowspan="2" | [[BET Award for Video of the Year|Video of the Year]] || {{Nominated}} |- | "[[Pass the Courvoisier, Part II]]"<br />{{small|(with [[Busta Rhymes]] & [[Pharrell Williams]])}} || {{Won}} |- | [[BET Awards 2003|2003]] || "[[Bump, Bump, Bump]]" {{small|(with [[B2K]])}} || [[BET Award for Viewer's Choice|Coca-Cola Viewer's Choice Award]] || {{Won}} |- | rowspan="2" | [[BET Awards 2007|2007]]<ref name="2007 BET Awards" /> || "[[Last Night (Diddy song)|Last Night]]" {{small|(featuring [[Keyshia Cole]])}} || [[BET Award for Best Collaboration|Best Collaboration]] || {{Nominated}} |- | Diddy || [[BET Award for Best Male Hip-Hop Artist|Best Male Hip-Hop Artist]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[BET Awards 2010|2010]] || rowspan="3" | Diddy – Dirty Money || rowspan="4" | [[BET Award for Best Group|Best Group]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[BET Awards 2011|2011]] || {{Won}} |- | [[BET Awards 2012|2012]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[BET Awards 2016|2016]] || Puff Daddy and the Family || {{Nominated}} |- ! scope="row" rowspan="12" | [[BET Hip Hop Awards]] | rowspan="2" | 2008 || "Roc Boys (And the Winner Is)..." || Track of the Year || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" | Sean Combs || rowspan="2" | Hustler of the Year || {{Won}} |- | 2009 || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="4" | 2010 || "All I Do Is Win (Remix)" || rowspan="2" | Reese's Perfect Combo Award || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" | "Hello Good Morning (Remix)" || {{Nominated}} |- | Best Club Banger || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" | Sean Combs || rowspan="2" | Hustler of the Year || {{Won}} |- | 2011 || {{Nominated}} |- | 2012 || rowspan="2" | "Same Damn Time (Remix)" || rowspan="2" | Sweet 16: Best Featured Verse || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" | 2013 || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" | Sean Combs || rowspan="2" | Hustler of the Year || {{Nominated}} |- | 2017 || {{Nominated}} |- ! scope="row" rowspan="13" | [[Grammy Award]]s | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="7" | [[40th Annual Grammy Awards|1998]] | Puff Daddy | [[Grammy Award for Best New Artist|Best New Artist]] | {{Nominated}} | rowspan="7"|<ref name="Rock on the Net 1998" /><br /><ref name="DigitalHit 1998">{{Cite web |year=1998 |title=40th Annual Grammy Award Nominations Coverage (1998) |url=http://www.digitalhit.com/grammy/40/nominees.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729054148/http://www.digitalhit.com/grammy/40/nominees.shtml |archive-date=July 29, 2013 |access-date=April 16, 2017 |website=DigitalHit}}</ref> |- | ''[[No Way Out (Puff Daddy album)|No Way Out]]'' | rowspan="2"|[[Grammy Award for Best Rap Album|Best Rap Album]] | {{Won}} |- | ''[[Life After Death]]'' <small>(as producer)</small> | {{Nominated}} |- | "[[Honey (Mariah Carey song)|Honey]]" <small>(as songwriter)</small> | [[Grammy Award for Best R&B Song|Best Rhythm & Blues Song]] | {{Nominated}} |- | "[[I'll Be Missing You]]" <small>(featuring [[Faith Evans]] & [[112 (band)|112]])</small> | rowspan="7"|[[Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group|Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group]] | {{Won}} |- | "[[Mo Money Mo Problems]]" <small>(with [[the Notorious B.I.G.]] & [[Mase]])</small> | {{nom}} |- | "[[Can't Nobody Hold Me Down]]" <small>(featuring Mase)</small> | {{Nominated}} |- | style="text-align:center;"| [[42nd Annual Grammy Awards|2000]] | "[[Satisfy You (Puff Daddy song)|Satisfy You]]" <small>(featuring [[R. Kelly]])</small> | {{Nominated}} |<ref name="Rock on the Net 2000" /> |- | style="text-align:center;"| [[44th Annual Grammy Awards|2002]] | "[[Bad Boy for Life]]" <small>(with [[Black Rob]] & Mark Curry)</small> | {{Nominated}} |<ref name="Rock on the Net 2002" /> |- | style="text-align:center;"| [[45th Annual Grammy Awards|2003]] | "[[Pass the Courvoisier, Part II]]" <small>(with [[Busta Rhymes]] & [[Pharrell Williams|Pharrell]])</small> | {{Nominated}} |<ref name="Rock on the Net 2003" /> |- | style="text-align:center;"| [[46th Annual Grammy Awards|2004]] | "[[Shake Ya Tailfeather]]" <small>(with [[Nelly]] & [[Murphy Lee]])</small> | {{Won}} |<ref name="Rock on the Net 2004" /> |- | style="text-align:center;"| [[58th Annual Grammy Awards|2016]] | "[[All Day (Kanye West song)|All Day]]" <small>(as songwriter)</small> | [[Grammy Award for Best Rap Song|Best Rap Song]] | {{Nominated}} |<ref name="AutoRQ-25">{{Cite web |title=Final Nomination List: 58th Grammy Awards |url=http://www.grammy.com/files/58th-final-58thpresslist12042015.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210200316/http://www.grammy.com/files/58th-final-58thpresslist12042015.pdf |archive-date=December 10, 2015 |access-date=September 4, 2019 |website=Grammy.com |publisher=National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;"| [[66th Annual Grammy Awards|2024]] | ''[[The Love Album: Off the Grid]]'' | [[Grammy Award for Best Progressive R&B Album|Best Progressive R&B Album]] | {{Nominated}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 GRAMMYs: See The Full Winners & Nominees List &#124; GRAMMY.com |url=https://grammy.com/news/2024-grammys-nominations-full-winners-nominees-list |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305064010/https://www.grammy.com/news/2024-grammys-nominations-full-winners-nominees-list |archive-date=March 5, 2024 |access-date=March 5, 2024 |website=grammy.com}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" rowspan="11" | [[MTV Europe Music Award]]s | rowspan="4" | [[1997 MTV Europe Music Awards|1997]] || rowspan="2" | "I'll Be Missing You" || [[MTV Europe Music Award for MTV Select|MTV Select]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[MTV Europe Music Award for Best Song|Best Song]] || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="8" | Sean Combs || [[MTV Europe Music Award for Best New Act|Best New Act]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[MTV Europe Music Award for Best Hip-Hop|Best Hip-Hop]] || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" | [[1998 MTV Europe Music Awards|1998]] || [[MTV Europe Music Award for Best Male|Best Male]] || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="5" | Best Hip-Hop || {{Nominated}} |- | [[1999 MTV Europe Music Awards|1999]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[2001 MTV Europe Music Awards|2001]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[2002 MTV Europe Music Awards|2002]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[2006 MTV Europe Music Awards|2006]] || {{Nominated}} |- | [[2011 MTV Europe Music Awards|2011]] || Diddy – Dirty Money || [[MTV Europe Music Award for Best World Stage Performance|Best World Stage Performance]] || {{Nominated}} |- ! scope="row" rowspan="1" | [[MTV Movie & TV Awards]] | 2018 || ''Can't Stop, Won't Stop: A Bad Boy Story'' || Best Music Documentary || {{Nominated}} |- ! scope="row" rowspan="6" | [[MTV Video Music Award]]s | rowspan="2" | {{mtvvma|1997}} || rowspan="2" | "[[I'll Be Missing You]]" || Best R&B Video || {{Won}}{{sfn|Traugh|2010|p=72}} |- | Viewer's Choice || {{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="3" | {{mtvvma|1998}} || rowspan="2" | "[[It's All About the Benjamins]]" (Rock Remix) || Video of the Year || {{Nominated}} |- | Viewer's Choice || {{Won}}{{sfn|Traugh|2010|p=72}} |- | "[[Come with Me (Puff Daddy song)|Come with Me]]" {{small|(from [[Godzilla (1998 film)|Godzilla]])}} || Best Video from a Film || {{Nominated}} |- | {{mtvvma|2002}} || "[[Bad Boy for Life]]" || Best Rap Video || {{Nominated}} |- ! scope="row" rowspan="2" | [[NAACP Image Awards]] | 2009 | ''[[A Raisin in the Sun (2008 film)|A Raisin in the Sun]]'' | [[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special|Outstanding Actor in a Television Movie,<br />Mini-Series or Dramatic Special]] | {{Won}}{{sfn|Traugh|2010|p=79}} |- | 2011 | Diddy – Dirty Money | [[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Duo or Group|Outstanding Duo or Group]] | {{Nominated}} |} ;[[Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time]] {| class="wikitable" |- ! Rank ! Artist ! Albums executive produced by Sean Combs ! Year |- style="text-align:center;" | 134<ref name="Rolling Stone 6598713" /> | [[The Notorious B.I.G.]] | ''[[Ready to Die]]'' | 1994 |- style="text-align:center;" | 281<ref name="Rolling Stone 6626288" /> | [[Mary J. Blige]] | ''[[My Life (Mary J. Blige album)|My Life]]'' | 1994 |- style="text-align:center;" | 476<ref name="Rolling Stone 6627614" /> | The Notorious B.I.G. | ''[[Life After Death]]'' | 1997 |} == References == {{reflist|refs= <ref name="2007 BET Awards">{{cite web | title = 2007 BET Awards→Nominations→Best Hip-Hop Artist | work = BET Interactive | publisher = [[Black Entertainment Television]] | url = http://www1.bet.com/static/specials/betawards/ | accessdate = July 24, 2012 | archive-date = December 17, 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111217151652/http://www1.bet.com/static/specials/betawards/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> <ref name="Rock on the Net 1998"> {{cite web | title = 40th Grammy Awards | year = 1998 | publisher = Rock on the Net | url = http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/1998/grammys.htm | accessdate = July 22, 2012 }} </ref> <ref name="Rock on the Net 2000"> {{cite web | title = 42nd Grammy Awards | year = 2000 | publisher = Rock on the Net | url = http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2000/grammys.htm | accessdate = May 23, 2012 }} </ref> <ref name="Rock on the Net 2002"> {{cite web | title = 44th Grammy Awards | year = 2002 | publisher = Rock on the Net | url = http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2002/grammys.htm | accessdate = May 23, 2012 }} </ref> <ref name="Rock on the Net 2003"> {{cite web | title = 45th Grammy Awards | year = 2003 | publisher = Rock on the Net | url = http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2003/grammys.htm | accessdate = May 23, 2012 }} </ref> <ref name="Rock on the Net 2004"> {{cite web | title = 46th Grammy Awards | year = 2004 | publisher = Rock on the Net | url = http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2004/grammys.htm | accessdate = May 23, 2012 }} </ref> <ref name="Rolling Stone 6598713">{{cite magazine | title = Ready to Die | date = November 1, 2003 | magazine = Rolling Stone | url = https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120531/the-notorious-b-i-g-ready-to-die-19691231 | accessdate = July 28, 2012 | archive-date = July 9, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120709093130/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120531/the-notorious-b-i-g-ready-to-die-19691231 | url-status = dead }}</ref> <ref name="Rolling Stone 6626288">{{cite magazine | title = My Life | date = November 1, 2003 | magazine = Rolling Stone | url = https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-19691231/my-life-mary-j-blige-19691231 | accessdate = July 28, 2012 | archive-date = May 25, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120525101000/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-19691231/my-life-mary-j-blige-19691231 | url-status = dead }}</ref> <ref name="Rolling Stone 6627614">{{cite magazine | title = Life After Death | date = November 1, 2003 | magazine = Rolling Stone | url = https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120531/the-notorious-b-i-g-life-after-death-19691231 | accessdate = July 28, 2012 | archive-date = July 12, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120712073228/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120531/the-notorious-b-i-g-life-after-death-19691231 | url-status = dead }}</ref> }} {{music-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Combs, Sean}} [[Category:1969 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:20th-century American rappers]] [[Category:21st-century American rappers]] [[Category:African-American movie actors]] [[Category:African-American rappers]] [[Category:African-American television actors]] [[Category:American hip hop record producers]] [[Category:American hip hop singers]] [[Category:American R&B singers]] [[Category:Actors from New York City]] [[Category:American Grammy Award winners]] [[Category:Singers from New York City]] [[Category:Rappers from New York (state)]] [[Category:American pop rappers]] pq7feq9wm4hh3l3so6ua2wrxdnifc6p 0 245735 10368028 9810156 2025-07-02T18:10:20Z 2804:214:8008:2545:A88B:AD85:B89C:6952 10368028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Football player infobox | playername = Alexandre Pato | image = Alexandre Pato Brazil.jpg | image_size = 150px | caption = Alexandre Pato | fullname = Alexandre Rodrigues da Silva | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|9|2|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Pato Branco]], [[Paraná]], [[Brazil]] | death_date = | height = {{height|m=1.80}} | position = [[Striker]] | currentclub = Retiree | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = 2000-2006 | youthclubs1s = | years1 = 2006-2007 | clubs1 = [[S.C. Internacional|Internacional]] | nationalyears1 = 2007- | nationalteam1 = [[Brazil national under-20 football team|Brazil U20]] | manageryears1 = | managerclubs1 = | caps1 = 27 | goals1 = 12 | years2 = 2007-2013 | clubs2 = [[AC Milan|Milan]] | caps2 = 150 | goals2 = 63 | years3 = 2013-2016 | clubs3 = [[Sport Club Corinthians Paulista|Corinthians]] | caps3 = 62 | goals3 = 17 | years4 = 2014-2015 | clubs4 = [[São Paulo FC|São Paulo]] -(loan) | caps4 = 101 | goals4 = 38 | years5 = 2016 | clubs5 = [[Chelsea FC|Chelsea]] -(loan) | caps5 = 2 | goals5 = 1 | years6 = 2016-2017 | clubs6 = [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]] | caps6 = 24 | goals6 = 6 | nationalcaps1 = 12 | nationalgoals1 = 8 | youthclubs1 = [[S.C. Internacional|Internacional]] | years7 = 2017-2019 | clubs7 = [[Tianjin Tianhai FC|Tianjin Tianhai]] | caps7 = 60 | goals7 = 36 | years8 = 2019-2020 | clubs8 = [[São Paulo FC|São Paulo]] | caps8 = 35 | goals8 = 9 | years9 = 2021-2022 | clubs9 = [[Orlando City SC|Orlando City]] | caps9 = 32 | goals9 = 4 | years10 = 2023 | clubs10 = [[São Paulo FC|São Paulo]] | caps10 = 10 | goals10 = 2 | nationalyears2 = 2008-2012 | nationalteam2 = [[Brazil national under-23 football team|Brazil U23]] | nationalcaps2 = 9 | nationalgoals2 = 3 | nationalyears3 = 2008-2013 | nationalteam3 = [[Brazil national football team|Brazil]] | nationalcaps3 = 28 | nationalgoals3 = 10 | totalcaps = 503 | totalgoals = 188 }} '''Alexandre Rodrigues da Silva''' (born [[September 2|2 September]] [[1989]]), better known as '''Alexandre Pato''', is a [[Brazil]]ian [[Association football|football]] former player, who played as a [[Forward|striker]]. He currently works as a commentator at SBT. == Club career statistics == {{Football player club statistics 1|YNY}} {{Football player club statistics 2|BRA|YNY}} |- |2006||rowspan="2"|[[S.C. Internacional|Internacional]]||rowspan="2"|[[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|Série A]]||1||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||1 |- |2007||9||5||colspan="2"|-||5||2||14||7 {{Football player club statistics 2|ITA|YNY}} |- |2007/08||rowspan="3"|[[A.C. Milan|Milan]]||rowspan="3"|[[Serie A]]||18||9||0||0||2||0||20||9 |- |2008/09||36||15||0||0||6||3||42||18 |- |2009/10|||||||||||||||| {{Football player club statistics 3|2|BRA}}10||6||colspan="2"|-||5||2||15||8 {{Football player club statistics 4|ITA}}54||24||0||0||8||3||62||27 {{Football player club statistics 5}}64||30||0||0||13||5||77||35 |} == International career statistics == <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/24738/Alexandre_Pato.html|title=Alexandre Pato|first=Benjamin|last=Strack-Zimmermann|website=www.national-football-teams.com}}</ref> {{Football player national team statistics|BRA}} |- |2008||4||1 |- |2009||4||0 |- !Total||8||1 |} == References == {{Reflist}} {{Sports-bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pato, Alexandre}} [[Category:1989 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Footballers from Paraná State]] hxwcdb4tkgaif2l32j5ku9ka9w384h5 10368066 10368028 2025-07-02T18:25:23Z 2804:214:8008:2545:A88B:AD85:B89C:6952 10368066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Football player infobox | playername = Alexandre Pato | image = Alexandre Pato Brazil.jpg | image_size = 150px | caption = Alexandre Pato | fullname = Alexandre Rodrigues da Silva | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|9|2|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Pato Branco]], [[Paraná]], [[Brazil]] | death_date = | height = {{height|m=1.80}} | position = [[Striker]] | currentclub = Retiree | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = 2000-2006 | youthclubs1s = | years1 = 2006-2007 | clubs1 = [[S.C. Internacional|Internacional]] | nationalyears1 = 2007- | nationalteam1 = [[Brazil national under-20 football team|Brazil U20]] | manageryears1 = | managerclubs1 = | caps1 = 27 | goals1 = 12 | years2 = 2007-2013 | clubs2 = [[AC Milan|Milan]] | caps2 = 150 | goals2 = 63 | years3 = 2013-2016 | clubs3 = [[Sport Club Corinthians Paulista|Corinthians]] | caps3 = 62 | goals3 = 17 | years4 = 2014-2015 | clubs4 = [[São Paulo FC|São Paulo]] -(loan) | caps4 = 101 | goals4 = 38 | years5 = 2016 | clubs5 = [[Chelsea FC|Chelsea]] -(loan) | caps5 = 2 | goals5 = 1 | years6 = 2016-2017 | clubs6 = [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]] | caps6 = 24 | goals6 = 6 | nationalcaps1 = 12 | nationalgoals1 = 8 | youthclubs1 = [[S.C. Internacional|Internacional]] | years7 = 2017-2019 | clubs7 = [[Tianjin Tianhai FC|Tianjin Tianhai]] | caps7 = 60 | goals7 = 36 | years8 = 2019-2020 | clubs8 = [[São Paulo FC|São Paulo]] | caps8 = 35 | goals8 = 9 | years9 = 2021-2022 | clubs9 = [[Orlando City SC|Orlando City]] | caps9 = 32 | goals9 = 4 | years10 = 2023 | clubs10 = [[São Paulo FC|São Paulo]] | caps10 = 10 | goals10 = 2 | nationalyears2 = 2008-2012 | nationalteam2 = [[Brazil national under-23 football team|Brazil U23]] | nationalcaps2 = 9 | nationalgoals2 = 3 | nationalyears3 = 2008-2013 | nationalteam3 = [[Brazil national football team|Brazil]] | nationalcaps3 = 28 | nationalgoals3 = 10 }} '''Alexandre Rodrigues da Silva''' (born [[September 2|2 September]] [[1989]]), better known as '''Alexandre Pato''', is a [[Brazil]]ian [[Association football|football]] former [[Footballer|player]], who played as a [[Forward|striker]]. He is currently a sports commentator on SBT. == Club career statistics == {{Football player club statistics 1|YNY}} {{Football player club statistics 2|BRA|YNY}} |- |2006||rowspan="2"|[[S.C. Internacional|Internacional]]||rowspan="2"|[[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|Série A]]||1||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||1 |- |2007||9||5||colspan="2"|-||5||2||14||7 {{Football player club statistics 2|ITA|YNY}} |- |2007/08||rowspan="3"|[[A.C. Milan|Milan]]||rowspan="3"|[[Serie A]]||18||9||0||0||2||0||20||9 |- |2008/09||36||15||0||0||6||3||42||18 |- |2009/10|||||||||||||||| {{Football player club statistics 3|2|BRA}}10||6||colspan="2"|-||5||2||15||8 {{Football player club statistics 4|ITA}}54||24||0||0||8||3||62||27 {{Football player club statistics 5}}64||30||0||0||13||5||77||35 |} == International career statistics == <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/24738/Alexandre_Pato.html|title=Alexandre Pato|first=Benjamin|last=Strack-Zimmermann|website=www.national-football-teams.com}}</ref> {{Football player national team statistics|BRA}} |- |2008||4||1 |- |2009||4||0 |- !Total||8||1 |} == References == {{Reflist}} {{Sports-bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pato, Alexandre}} [[Category:1989 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Footballers from Paraná State]] o1wj88hq7caja42eqsjdkjkfvb2nes0 10368073 10368066 2025-07-02T18:27:35Z 2804:214:8008:2545:A88B:AD85:B89C:6952 10368073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Football player infobox | playername = Alexandre Pato | image = Alexandre Pato Brazil.jpg | image_size = 150px | caption = Alexandre Pato | fullname = Alexandre Rodrigues da Silva | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|9|2|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Pato Branco]], [[Paraná]], [[Brazil]] | death_date = | height = {{height|m=1.80}} | position = [[Striker]] | currentclub = Retiree | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = 2000-2006 | youthclubs1s = | years1 = 2006-2007 | clubs1 = [[S.C. Internacional|Internacional]] | nationalyears1 = 2007- | nationalteam1 = [[Brazil national under-20 football team|Brazil U20]] | manageryears1 = | managerclubs1 = | caps1 = 27 | goals1 = 12 | years2 = 2007-2013 | clubs2 = [[AC Milan|Milan]] | caps2 = 150 | goals2 = 63 | years3 = 2013-2016 | clubs3 = [[Sport Club Corinthians Paulista|Corinthians]] | caps3 = 62 | goals3 = 17 | years4 = 2014-2015 | clubs4 = [[São Paulo FC|São Paulo]] -(loan) | caps4 = 101 | goals4 = 38 | years5 = 2016 | clubs5 = [[Chelsea FC|Chelsea]] -(loan) | caps5 = 2 | goals5 = 1 | years6 = 2016-2017 | clubs6 = [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]] | caps6 = 24 | goals6 = 6 | nationalcaps1 = 12 | nationalgoals1 = 8 | youthclubs1 = [[S.C. Internacional|Internacional]] | years7 = 2017-2019 | clubs7 = [[Tianjin Tianhai FC|Tianjin Tianhai]] | caps7 = 60 | goals7 = 36 | years8 = 2019-2020 | clubs8 = [[São Paulo FC|São Paulo]] | caps8 = 35 | goals8 = 9 | years9 = 2021-2022 | clubs9 = [[Orlando City SC|Orlando City]] | caps9 = 32 | goals9 = 4 | years10 = 2023 | clubs10 = [[São Paulo FC|São Paulo]] | caps10 = 10 | goals10 = 2 | nationalyears2 = 2008-2012 | nationalteam2 = [[Brazil national under-23 football team|Brazil U23]] | nationalcaps2 = 9 | nationalgoals2 = 3 | nationalyears3 = 2008-2013 | nationalteam3 = [[Brazil national football team|Brazil]] | nationalcaps3 = 28 | nationalgoals3 = 10 }} '''Alexandre Rodrigues da Silva''' (born 2 September 1989), better known as '''Alexandre Pato''', is a [[Brazil]]ian [[Association football|football]] former [[Footballer|player]], who played as a [[Forward|striker]]. He is currently a sports commentator on SBT. == Club career statistics == {{Football player club statistics 1|YNY}} {{Football player club statistics 2|BRA|YNY}} |- |2006||rowspan="2"|[[S.C. Internacional|Internacional]]||rowspan="2"|[[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|Série A]]||1||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||1 |- |2007||9||5||colspan="2"|-||5||2||14||7 {{Football player club statistics 2|ITA|YNY}} |- |2007/08||rowspan="3"|[[A.C. Milan|Milan]]||rowspan="3"|[[Serie A]]||18||9||0||0||2||0||20||9 |- |2008/09||36||15||0||0||6||3||42||18 |- |2009/10|||||||||||||||| {{Football player club statistics 3|2|BRA}}10||6||colspan="2"|-||5||2||15||8 {{Football player club statistics 4|ITA}}54||24||0||0||8||3||62||27 {{Football player club statistics 5}}64||30||0||0||13||5||77||35 |} == International career statistics == <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/24738/Alexandre_Pato.html|title=Alexandre Pato|first=Benjamin|last=Strack-Zimmermann|website=www.national-football-teams.com}}</ref> {{Football player national team statistics|BRA}} |- |2008||4||1 |- |2009||4||0 |- !Total||8||1 |} == References == {{Reflist}} {{Sports-bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pato, Alexandre}} [[Category:1989 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Footballers from Paraná State]] 759plooqwtjbf807if9xqa9p126j97n 10368083 10368073 2025-07-02T18:38:05Z 2804:214:8008:2545:A88B:AD85:B89C:6952 10368083 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Football player infobox | playername = Alexandre Pato | image = Alexandre Pato Brazil.jpg | image_size = 150px | caption = Alexandre Pato | fullname = Alexandre Rodrigues da Silva | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|9|2|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Pato Branco]], [[Paraná]], [[Brazil]] | death_date = | height = {{height|m=1.80}} | position = [[Striker]] | currentclub = Retiree | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = 2000-2006 | youthclubs1s = | years1 = 2006-2007 | clubs1 = [[S.C. Internacional|Internacional]] | nationalyears1 = 2007- | nationalteam1 = [[Brazil national under-20 football team|Brazil U20]] | manageryears1 = | managerclubs1 = | caps1 = 27 | goals1 = 12 | years2 = 2007-2013 | clubs2 = [[AC Milan|Milan]] | caps2 = 150 | goals2 = 63 | years3 = 2013-2016 | clubs3 = [[Sport Club Corinthians Paulista|Corinthians]] | caps3 = 62 | goals3 = 17 | years4 = 2014-2015 | clubs4 = [[São Paulo FC|São Paulo]] -(loan) | caps4 = 101 | goals4 = 38 | years5 = 2016 | clubs5 = [[Chelsea FC|Chelsea]] -(loan) | caps5 = 2 | goals5 = 1 | years6 = 2016-2017 | clubs6 = [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]] | caps6 = 24 | goals6 = 6 | nationalcaps1 = 12 | nationalgoals1 = 8 | youthclubs1 = [[S.C. Internacional|Internacional]] | years7 = 2017-2019 | clubs7 = [[Tianjin Tianhai FC|Tianjin Tianhai]] | caps7 = 60 | goals7 = 36 | years8 = 2019-2020 | clubs8 = [[São Paulo FC|São Paulo]] | caps8 = 35 | goals8 = 9 | years9 = 2021-2022 | clubs9 = [[Orlando City SC|Orlando City]] | caps9 = 32 | goals9 = 4 | years10 = 2023 | clubs10 = [[São Paulo FC|São Paulo]] | caps10 = 10 | goals10 = 2 | nationalyears2 = 2008-2012 | nationalteam2 = [[Brazil national under-23 football team|Brazil U23]] | nationalcaps2 = 9 | nationalgoals2 = 3 | nationalyears3 = 2008-2013 | nationalteam3 = [[Brazil national football team|Brazil]] | nationalcaps3 = 28 | nationalgoals3 = 10 }} '''Alexandre Rodrigues da Silva''' (born 2 September 1989), better known as '''Alexandre Pato''', is a [[Brazil]]ian [[Association football|football]] former [[Footballer|player]], who played as a [[Forward|striker]]. He is currently a sports commentator on [[Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão|SBT]]. == Club career statistics == {{Football player club statistics 1|YNY}} {{Football player club statistics 2|BRA|YNY}} |- |2006||rowspan="2"|[[S.C. Internacional|Internacional]]||rowspan="2"|[[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|Série A]]||1||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||1 |- |2007||9||5||colspan="2"|-||5||2||14||7 {{Football player club statistics 2|ITA|YNY}} |- |2007/08||rowspan="3"|[[A.C. Milan|Milan]]||rowspan="3"|[[Serie A]]||18||9||0||0||2||0||20||9 |- |2008/09||36||15||0||0||6||3||42||18 |- |2009/10|||||||||||||||| {{Football player club statistics 3|2|BRA}}10||6||colspan="2"|-||5||2||15||8 {{Football player club statistics 4|ITA}}54||24||0||0||8||3||62||27 {{Football player club statistics 5}}64||30||0||0||13||5||77||35 |} == International career statistics == <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/24738/Alexandre_Pato.html|title=Alexandre Pato|first=Benjamin|last=Strack-Zimmermann|website=www.national-football-teams.com}}</ref> {{Football player national team statistics|BRA}} |- |2008||4||1 |- |2009||4||0 |- !Total||8||1 |} == References == {{Reflist}} {{Sports-bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pato, Alexandre}} [[Category:1989 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Footballers from Paraná State]] 75fvnqu8v1czcs15ekcz2n3dngpvkqz 10368090 10368083 2025-07-02T18:43:12Z 2804:214:8008:2545:A88B:AD85:B89C:6952 10368090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Football player infobox | playername = Alexandre Pato | image = Alexandre Pato Brazil.jpg | image_size = 150px | caption = Pato playing for [[Brazil]], in 2008 | fullname = Alexandre Rodrigues da Silva | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|9|2|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Pato Branco]], [[Paraná]], [[Brazil]] | death_date = | height = {{height|m=1.80}} | position = [[Striker]] | currentclub = Retiree | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = 2000-2006 | youthclubs1s = | years1 = 2006-2007 | clubs1 = [[S.C. Internacional|Internacional]] | nationalyears1 = 2007- | nationalteam1 = [[Brazil national under-20 football team|Brazil U20]] | manageryears1 = | managerclubs1 = | caps1 = 27 | goals1 = 12 | years2 = 2007-2013 | clubs2 = [[AC Milan|Milan]] | caps2 = 150 | goals2 = 63 | years3 = 2013-2016 | clubs3 = [[Sport Club Corinthians Paulista|Corinthians]] | caps3 = 62 | goals3 = 17 | years4 = 2014-2015 | clubs4 = [[São Paulo FC|São Paulo]] -(loan) | caps4 = 101 | goals4 = 38 | years5 = 2016 | clubs5 = [[Chelsea FC|Chelsea]] -(loan) | caps5 = 2 | goals5 = 1 | years6 = 2016-2017 | clubs6 = [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]] | caps6 = 24 | goals6 = 6 | nationalcaps1 = 12 | nationalgoals1 = 8 | youthclubs1 = [[S.C. Internacional|Internacional]] | years7 = 2017-2019 | clubs7 = [[Tianjin Tianhai FC|Tianjin Tianhai]] | caps7 = 60 | goals7 = 36 | years8 = 2019-2020 | clubs8 = [[São Paulo FC|São Paulo]] | caps8 = 35 | goals8 = 9 | years9 = 2021-2022 | clubs9 = [[Orlando City SC|Orlando City]] | caps9 = 32 | goals9 = 4 | years10 = 2023 | clubs10 = [[São Paulo FC|São Paulo]] | caps10 = 10 | goals10 = 2 | nationalyears2 = 2008-2012 | nationalteam2 = [[Brazil national under-23 football team|Brazil U23]] | nationalcaps2 = 9 | nationalgoals2 = 3 | nationalyears3 = 2008-2013 | nationalteam3 = [[Brazil national football team|Brazil]] | nationalcaps3 = 28 | nationalgoals3 = 10 }} '''Alexandre Rodrigues da Silva''' (born 2 September 1989), better known as '''Alexandre Pato''', is a [[Brazil]]ian [[Association football|football]] former [[Footballer|player]], who played as a [[Forward|striker]]. He is currently a sports commentator on [[Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão|SBT]]. == Club career statistics == {{Football player club statistics 1|YNY}} {{Football player club statistics 2|BRA|YNY}} |- |2006||rowspan="2"|[[S.C. Internacional|Internacional]]||rowspan="2"|[[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|Série A]]||1||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||1 |- |2007||9||5||colspan="2"|-||5||2||14||7 {{Football player club statistics 2|ITA|YNY}} |- |2007/08||rowspan="3"|[[A.C. Milan|Milan]]||rowspan="3"|[[Serie A]]||18||9||0||0||2||0||20||9 |- |2008/09||36||15||0||0||6||3||42||18 |- |2009/10|||||||||||||||| {{Football player club statistics 3|2|BRA}}10||6||colspan="2"|-||5||2||15||8 {{Football player club statistics 4|ITA}}54||24||0||0||8||3||62||27 {{Football player club statistics 5}}64||30||0||0||13||5||77||35 |} == International career statistics == <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/24738/Alexandre_Pato.html|title=Alexandre Pato|first=Benjamin|last=Strack-Zimmermann|website=www.national-football-teams.com}}</ref> {{Football player national team statistics|BRA}} |- |2008||4||1 |- |2009||4||0 |- !Total||8||1 |} == References == {{Reflist}} {{Sports-bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pato, Alexandre}} [[Category:1989 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Footballers from Paraná State]] 1npee7pqrd0sg0jphn1x1xeoayeao27 0 250921 10369084 9261551 2025-07-03T07:08:06Z 2600:1002:B154:8DE5:59FA:74A7:4325:7E27 Made a sentence grammatically correct. 10369084 wikitext text/x-wiki A '''binaural beat''' is an [[auditory illusion]]. It is [[Perception|perceived]] when two different pure-tone [[sine wave]]s are presented to a [[hearing|listener]], one tone to each ear.<ref>Both tones have [[Frequency|frequencies]] lower than 1500&nbsp;Hz, with less than a 40&nbsp;Hz difference between them.</ref> For example, if a 530&nbsp;Hz pure [[Pitch (music)|tone]] is presented to a subject's right ear, while a 520&nbsp;Hz pure tone is presented to the subject's left ear, the listener will perceive the [[illusion]] of a third tone. The third sound is called a binaural beat, and in this example would have a perceived pitch correlating to a frequency of 10&nbsp;Hz, that being the difference between the 530&nbsp;Hz and 520&nbsp;Hz pure tones presented to each ear.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://breakthroughpsychologyprogram.com/binaural-beats|title=Binaural Beats|website=Psychology, Neuroleadership, & Neurofeedback|language=en|access-date=2018-08-26}}{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=Oster/> They may help people with pain when they are in the hospital.<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10460529 Hemispheric-synchronisation during anaesthesia: a double-blind randomised trial using audiotapes for intra-operative nociception control], Jan 2000, Kliempt, Ruta, Ogston, Landeck & Martay</ref> Some people use binaural beats to help them [[sleep]], [[meditation|meditate]] or have [[Out of body experience|out of body experiences]].<ref>[http://www.scientificexploration.org/journal/jse_11_3_atwater.pdf Accessing anomalous states of consciousness with a binaural beat technology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507033254/http://www.scientificexploration.org/journal/jse_11_3_atwater.pdf|date=2012-05-07}} ''Journal of Scientific Exploration''. '''1''', (3) pp. 263-274, 1997</ref> There are computer programs and smartphone programs that make binaural beats. Many of the claims are not verified at present.<ref>Wahbeh H. ''et al'' 2007. Binaural beat technology in humans: a pilot study to assess neuropsychologic, physiologic, and electroencephalographic effects. ''Journal of alternative and complementary medicine'' '''13''' (2): 199–206. [http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/acm.2006.6201]</ref> == History == Heinrich Wilhelm Dove (1803{{ndash}}1879) discovered binaural beats in 1839 and published his findings in the scientific journal ''Repertorium der Physik''.<ref>Heinrich Wilhelm Dove 1839. ''Repertorium der Physik''. '''III''', 494.</ref> While research about them continued after that, the subject remained something of a scientific curiosity until 134 years later, with the publishing of Gerald Oster's article "Auditory beats in the brain" (''Scientific American'', 1973). Oster's article identified and assembled the scattered pieces of relevant research since Dove, offering fresh insight (and new laboratory findings) to research on binaural beats.<ref name=Oster>Oster G. 1973. Auditory beats in the brain. ''Sci. Am.'' '''229''' (4): 94–102.</ref> Oster saw binaural beats as a powerful tool for [[cognitive neuropsychology|cognitive and neurological research]]. Unsolved questions include how animals locate sounds in their environment: the remarkable ability of animals to pick out and focus on specific sounds in a sea of noise (known as the [[:en:Cocktail_party_effect|cocktail party effect]]). == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Hearing]] idz9728rx1ngegbtpl0ozlgcjzz19pj 0 255263 10368171 5407216 2025-07-02T19:57:21Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 added [[Category:1904 establishments in the United Kingdom]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10368171 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing''' (ISTD) is a leading [[dance]] [[teaching]] and [[examination]] board. Based in [[London]], it operates internationally. Established on 25 July 1904, it is now a registered educational [[Charitable organization|charity]]. The ISTD provides training in a range of dance styles, with examination syllabi for students, and training courses for people wishing to become certified dance teachers. ISTD is a corporate member of the British Dance Council. Its main work is divided into two boards, one for [[Theatre]] dance (including [[ballet]]), and one for [[Ballroom dance]] (including Latin American dance). == Other websites == *ISTD website: [http://www.istd.org www.istd.org] {{performing-arts-stub}} [[Category:Dance]] [[Category:1904 establishments in the United Kingdom]] dz614lphln4lo07inxmmlaignjz0m3b 0 256182 10368186 9589296 2025-07-02T20:09:22Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C 2023 ending date 10368186 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | presenter = Angellica Bell<br/>Jon Bentley<br/>Ortis Deley | num_series = 37 (2 other stories) | num_episodes = 474 | channel = [[Channel 5 (UK)|Channel 5]] | first_aired = {{start date|2004|06|07|df=y}} | last_aired = {{end date|2023|07|14|df=y}} }} '''''Shop Smart, Save Money''''' is a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[television]] series which used to be called ''The Gadget Show''. It focuses on [[technology]] and is shown on [[Channel 5 (UK)|Channel 5]]. It has progressed from 30 minutes to 1 hour long. Each week there are various features and tests, as well as a weekly competition. The show tries to have enough information but not too much so that it bores people. It has been on television from 7 June 2004 to 14 July 2023. == Other websites == *{{imdb title|0830851}} {{TV-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gadget Show}} [[Category:2004 British television series debuts]] [[Category:2000s British television series]] [[Category:2010s British television series]] [[Category:2020s British television series]] [[Category:2023 British television series endings]] [[Category:Channel 5 (UK) television programmes]] [[Category:British English-language television programmes]] dnzgwjzos1k4oroiegztg7fb2vxo4iw 0 256943 10367980 10267420 2025-07-02T17:31:53Z 38.159.51.145 10367980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox single | name = Come Together | artist = [[the Beatles]] | album = [[Abbey Road]] | A-side = "[[Something (Beatles song)|Something]]" (double A-side) | released = 6 October 1969 | recorded = 21–30 July 1969,<br>[[Abbey Road Studios|EMI Studios]], London | genre = [[Blues rock]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Freeman|first1=Phil|title=Marooned: The Next Generation of Desert Island Discs|date=2007|publisher=[[Da Capo Press]]|isbn=978-0-306-81485-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhGhMWOQk-MC&pg=PA145|quote=It's a surface-heavy blues-rock tune, flanging and wailing away…}}</ref> | length = 4:19 | writer = [[Lennon–McCartney]] | producer = [[George Martin]] | label = [[Apple Records|Apple]] | misc = {{Extra chronology | artist = [[The Beatles]] | type = single | prev_title = [[The Ballad of John and Yoko]] | prev_year = 1969 | title = [[Something (Beatles song)|Something]]" / "Come Together | year = 1969 | next_title = [[Let It Be (song)|Let It Be]] | next_year = 1970 }} }} "'''Come Together'''" is a song by the English rock band [[the Beatles]] written mostly by [[John Lennon]]{{sfn|Sheff|2000|p=201}} and credited to [[Lennon/McCartney]]. The song is the first song on the Beatles' 1969 album ''[[Abbey Road]]''. One month later it was released as a single with "[[Something]]", their twenty-first single in the [[United Kingdom]] and twenty-sixth in the [[United States]]. The song reached the top of the charts in the US,{{sfn|Wallgren|1982|p=57}} and peaked at number four in the UK.{{sfn|everyHit.com|2009}} The song was also featured in a scene in the movie [[A Bronx Tale]] starring [[Robert De Niro]]. The song has been covered by several other artists, including [[Ike & Tina Turner]], [[Arctic Monkeys]], [[Aerosmith]], [[Eurythmics]], [[Joe Cocker]], [[Michael Jackson]], and [[Gary Clark Jr.]] ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Refbegin}} * {{cite web | work=The Beatles Bible | title=The Beatles Bible: Come Together | date=15 March 2008 | url=http://www.beatlesbible.com/songs/come-together/ | ref={{SfnRef|The Beatles Bible}} }} * {{cite book | last1=Emerick | first1=Geoff | year=2006 | authorlink=Geoff Emerick | last2=Massey | first2=Howard | title=Here, There and Everywhere: My Life Recording the Music of the Beatles | publisher=[[Penguin Books]] | location=New York | isbn=1-592-40179-1 }} * {{cite web | work=everyHit.com | title=Something / Come Together | url=http://www.everyhit.com | accessdate=30 November 2009 | ref={{SfnRef|everyHit.com|2009}} }} * {{cite book | last=Lewisohn | first=Mark | year=1988 | authorlink=Mark Lewisohn | title=The Beatles Recording Sessions | publisher=Harmony Books | location=New York | isbn=0-517-57066-1 }} * {{cite book | last=MacDonald | first=Ian | year=2005 | authorlink=Ian MacDonald | title=Revolution in the Head: The Beatles' Records and the Sixties | publisher=Pimlico (Rand) | location=London | edition=Second Revised | isbn=1-844-13828-3 }} * {{cite book | last=Miles | first=Barry | year=1997 | authorlink=Barry Miles | title=Many Years From Now | url=https://archive.org/details/paulmccartneyman0000mile_s9z0 | publisher=Seeker & Warburg | location=London | isbn=0-436-28022-1 }} * {{cite magazine | magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] | year=2007 | title=The Rolling Stone 500 Greatest Songs of All Time | url=https://www.rollingstone.com/news/coverstory/500songs | accessdate=5 October 2007 | ref={{SfnRef|Rolling Stone|2007}} | archive-date=22 June 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080622142703/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/coverstory/500songs | url-status=dead }} * {{cite web | last=Self | first=Joseph C. | year=1992 | title=Lennon vs. Levy - The 'Roots' Lawsuit | work=abbeyrd.net | url=http://www.abbeyrd.net/lenlevy.htm | accessdate=30 March 2009 }} * {{cite book | last=Sheff | first=David | year=2000 | authorlink=David Sheff | title=All We Are Saying: The Last Major Interview with John Lennon and Yoko Ono | url=https://archive.org/details/allwearesayingla00lenn | publisher=St. Martin's Press | location=New York | isbn=0-312-25464-4 }} * {{cite book | last=Wallgren | first=Mark | year=1982 | title=The Beatles on Record | url=https://archive.org/details/beatlesonrecord0000wall | publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] | location=New York | isbn=0-671-45682-2 }} * {{cite book | last=Wenner | first=Jann S | year=2000 | authorlink=Jann Wenner | title=Lennon Remembers (Full interview from Lennon's 1970 interview in [[Rolling Stone]] magazine) | publisher=Verso | location=London | isbn=1-85984-600-9 }} {{Refend}} {{The Beatles}} {{Aerosmith singles}} {{Michael Jackson songs}} {{music-stub}} [[Category:The Beatles songs]] [[Category:1969 songs]] [[Category:Ike & Tina Turner songs]] [[Category:Aerosmith songs]] [[Category:John Lennon songs]] qk7syzh2m6tfq4qbui46hk8i6eyprux 0 257346 10368939 9589104 2025-07-03T04:16:16Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 Rephrased the sentence to fix multiple structural issues 10368939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | runtime = 22 minutes | creator = Danny Kallis | starring = [[Tahj Mowry]]<br>[[John Marshall Jones]]<br>[[Jason Weaver]]<br>[[Omar Gooding]]<br>[[Essence Atkins]]<br>[[Anne-Marie Johnson]] | opentheme = Performed by: Kristian Rex (seasons 1-2)<br>Hami featuring Omar Gooding (season 3) | country = [[United States]] | language = English | network = [[WB Television Network|The WB]] | first_aired = {{start date|1997|04|02}} | last_aired = {{end date|1999|05|16}} | num_seasons = 3 | num_episodes = 51 }} '''''Smart Guy''''' is a 1997 [[WB Television Network|The WB]] [[television programme|television series]] that ran from April 2, 1997 to May 16, 1999. The show is about a boy genius named TJ who lives in [[Washington D.C.]] being transferred from the elementary school to the Piedmont High School, and attempting to fit in the high school. == Cast == *[[Tahj Mowry]] as T.J. Henderson *[[Jason Weaver]] as Marcus Henderson *[[Omar Gooding]] as Mo Tibbs *[[Essence Atkins]] as Yvette Henderson *[[John Marshall Jones]] as Floyd Henderson {{tv-stub}} [[Category:1997 American television series debuts]] [[Category:Children's television series]] [[Category:American sitcoms]] [[Category:1999 American television series endings]] [[Category:English-language television programs]] be96x1tpe7ji0ytmt1jfoxyyahttsk8 0 257616 10368101 10361724 2025-07-02T19:02:11Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ 10368101 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | runtime = 23 minutes | creator = [[Paulette Bourgeois]] (Writer)<br/>Brenda Clark (illustrator) | starring = Noah Reid<br />Cole Caplan<br />Bryn McAuley<br />Elizabeth Brown<br />Richard Newman<br />Cody Jones<br />Luca Perlman<br />Marc McMulkin<br />Amanda Soha<br />Kristen Bone<br />Susan Roman<br />Taylor McMillan<br />Kyle Fairlie<br />Mitchell Eisner<br />Stuart Landrell<br />Scott Beaudin | opentheme = {{Theme song|"Hey It's Franklin"}} | country = Canada<br />France (season 6) | language = English | network = [[CBC Kids|CBC Playground]] (season 1)<br />[[Family Channel]] (seasons 1-5)<br />[[Treehouse TV]] and [[TF1]] (season 6) | first_aired = {{start date|1997|11|03}} | last_aired = {{end date|2004|08|08}} | num_seasons = 6 | num_episodes = 78 (156 segments) }} '''''Franklin the Turtle''''', otherwise referred to as '''''Franklin''''' for short, is an children's animated television series produced by [[Nelvana]], Big Bang Digital Studios, LuxAnimation, and [[Alphanim]]. This one currently airs on [[Nickelodeon]]'s [[Nick Jr.]] block in the USA from November 3, 1997 to August 8, 2004, and is based on the children's book series. In the United States, the program aired on Noggin. In 2009, a new revival series called "[[Franklin and Friends]]" was introduced by [[Nelvana]].<ref>http://www.awn.com/news/television/nelvana-s-mipcom-slate-features-new-cg-franklin-and-more</ref> == Cast == *Noah Reid as Franklin *Bryn McAuley as Harriet *Mark McMulkin as Bear *Ruby Smith-Merovitz as Badger *Susan Roman as Beatrice "Bea" Bear *Kristen Bone as Snail *Leah Cudmore as Beaver *Amanda Soha as Kit *Stuart Landrell as Fox *Vivien Endicott-Douglas as Goose *Sophie Lang as Otter *Mitchell Eisner as Rabbit *Tyrone Savage as Jackrabbit *Annick Obonsawin as Skunk *Jamie Haydon-Devlin as Raccoon *Shirley Douglas as the Narrator ==Time date broadcast== The show aired on [[Nickelodeon]]'s Nick Jr. block and later aired on Noggin and its successor, Nick Jr. channel. It has been taken off the air in the [[United States]], but is still shown in several countries. ==Partial [[British English]] redub== * There is a British English style redub which used in the [[American English]] voice cast by [[Nelvana]] using in the British English with British accents by The Sound Company Ltd. when voicing the characters. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *[http://franklin.treehousetv.com/ Franklin on treehouse tv.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701183513/http://franklin.treehousetv.com/ |date=2012-07-01 }} *{{imdb name|0203254|Franklin}} {{Nickshows}} {{multistub|tv|Canada|France}} [[Category:1990s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:1997 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2000s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:2000s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:2000s Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:2000s French animated television series]] [[Category:2000s French children's television series]] [[Category:2000s French television series debuts]] [[Category:2000s French television series endings]] [[Category:2004 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:2004 French television series debuts]] [[Category:2004 French television series endings]] [[Category:Animated television series about children]] [[Category:Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:Canadian English-language television shows]] [[Category:CBS network shows]] [[Category:Children's television series about talking animals]] [[Category:French animated television series]] [[Category:French children's television series]] [[Category:French-language television programs]] [[Category:Nick Jr. original programming]] [[Category:Television series about friendship]] [[Category:Television shows about bears]] lyityrqu782r0uov3uy7xv8gl1wu4vf 0 261609 10368558 10305304 2025-07-03T00:18:52Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* DVD releases */ US-EN 10368558 wikitext text/x-wiki {{no sources|date=February 2025}} {{Infobox television | image = | caption = | alt_name = | genre = [[Animation]]<br>[[Children]]<br>Musical<br>[[Comedy]] | creator = {{Plainlist| * Soo Kim * Michael T. Smith * Jennifer Twomey }} | developer = | writer = | director = Matt Sheridan | starring = {{Plainlist| * Sophia Fox * Madeline Rose Yen * Ethan Kempner * Juan Mirt * [[Donovan Patton]] }} P.T. Walkey | judges = | narrated = | theme_music_composer = | opentheme = "Team Umizoomi Title Theme" | endtheme = "Team Umizoomi Title Theme" (Instrumental) | composer = | country = United States | language = English | num_seasons = 4 | num_episodes = 80 | list_episodes = List of Team Umizoomi episodes | executive_producer = Jennifer Twomey | producer = {{Plainlist| * Soo Kim * Michael T. Smith }} | editor = | location = New York City, New York | cinematography = | camera = | runtime = 24 minutes<br>45 minutes (episodes in Season 2 and 4) | company = {{Plainlist| * [[Curious Pictures]] * [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] }} | network = {{Plainlist| * [[Nickelodeon]] * [[Nick Jr. Channel]] }} | first_aired = {{Start date|2010|1|25}} | last_aired = {{End date|2015|4|24}} | related = }} '''''Team Umizoomi''''' is an American animated children's television series. The show was on [[Nickelodeon]] from January 25, 2010 to April 24, 2015. The show follows 2 siblings: Milli and Geo, and their best [[robot]] friend: Bot. The show uses lots of mathematical ideas as numbers, sequences, shapes, songs and patterns. It is produced by [[Curious Pictures]] and [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]]. ==Characters== <big>'''Main'''</big> * Milli (voiced by Sophia Fox in most season one episodes and Madeline Rose Yen in two season one episodes and in seasons two through four) is a 6-year-old girl. Her primary abilities are patterns and measurement. Her pigtails (nicknamed "ponytails") can be used as rulers. She is often depicted as stronger than her teammates, which is obvious in seasons two through four. * Geo (voiced by Ethan Kempner in the first three seasons and by Juan Mirt in season four) is Milli's older brother. His primary ability is shapes. He uses a [[blueprint]] for the thing that needs to be built, and then interact with the child viewing the show to figure out which building supplies are needed to fill in the shape belt by singing Super Shapes! * Bot (voiced by [[Donovan Patton]]) is a green robot who is Milli and Geo's best friend and primary caretaker. He loves to sing and dance and has a fun-loving, childlike personality. His abilities are more functional than math-related. His arms and legs can be extended to reach things, by saying "Arms Extendo" or "Legs Extendo". He has a small [[receiver|robot radar]] (like a satellite dish) on his head to receive calls (called the Umi Alarm). He also has a screen on his front (called a "Belly Belly Belly Screen") that they can see videos/pictures on as well as have a video call with someone who needs their help. He also has a storage compartment on the back of his body, called a Bot-o-mat, which frequently is carrying whatever the team happens to need. In each episode, he is introduced, usually by Milli, as their Best Robot Friend. * UmiCar (voiced by P. T. Wheatley) is the team's orange car that talks by only his name who drives the team wherever their help is needed. He also beeps. UmiCar has been shown as not being a character in many early season 1 episodes, but since he gained a face, becomes a character rather than an object. ==Production== '''<big>Early development</big>''' In late 2005, Soo Kim (who worked on ''[[Blue's Clues]]''), Michael T. Smith (who worked on ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants|Spongebob Squarepants]]''), and Jennifer Twomey had an idea. Their idea was to create a show about tiny superheroes. By April 20, 2006, the team made a CGI-animated pilot called "The Umizumiz" at [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] to go pitch to the [[Noggin]] channel. The pilot taught preschoolers early math skills as well as problem solving. At the time, the series was set to premiere on Noggin in the 2007-08 television season. <big>'''Pickup by Nickelodeon'''</big> In February 2007, Nickelodeon had picked the pilot up for a full series of twenty episodes. Since the show was a hybrid of live-action and CGI animation, it was hard to make. By July 2007, the show was renamed to Team Umizoomi, a more simpler name, and was renewed for a second season in advance. The first half of season one episodes were completed in 2008; by June 2009 all of season one was completed. Production for the second season started immediately after. Animation was done by [[Curious Pictures]], who also co-produced the show along with Nickelodeon Animation Studio. <big>'''Premiere on Nickelodeon'''</big> ''Team Umizoomi'' was first teased in fall 2009, and set for a January 2010 release date. The show premiered on January 25, 2010, on Nickelodeon, and six days later on the Nick Jr. Channel. The second season premiered on October 18, 2010. During the first season era, ''Team Umizoomi'' was renewed for a third season ahead of season two's premiere. The third season premiered in October 2011. <big>'''Cancellation'''</big> In 2012, a fourth season was announced, which premiered on February 4, 2013, on Nickelodeon. By 2014, Nickelodeon announced that the series would not be getting a fifth season, due to episodes taking longer to air. The series aired its final episode, "Umi Rescue Copter", on April 24, 2015. ==Episodes== ===Season 1 (2010)=== #The Kite Festival — January 25, 2010 #The Aquarium Fix It — January 26, 2010 #Carnival — January 27, 2010 #Picnic — January 28, 2010 #Super Trip to the Supermarket — January 29, 2010 #Subway Heroes — February 1, 2010 #The Milk Out — February 2, 2010 #The Dinosaur Museum Mishap — February 3, 2010 #The Rolling [[Toy]] Parade — February 4, 2010 #Special Delivery — February 12, 2010 #Ready for Take Off — February 19, 2010 #[[Ice cream|Ice Cream]] Truck — April 12, 2010 #The Wild West Toy Train Show — April 13, 2010 #The Butterfly Dance Show — April 14, 2010 #The Elephant Sprinkler — April 15, 2010 #Playground Heroes — April 23, 2010 #To The Library — September 13, 2010 #Race Around Umi City — October 18, 2010 #Favorite Things Show — October 19, 2010 #The Big Boat Race — October 20, 2010 ===Season 2 (2010–2011)=== #21 Fantastic Pilot Fight — October 21, 2010 #22 Chicks in the City — October 22, 2010 #23 The Ghost Family Costume Party — October 25, 2010 #24 Santa's Little Fixers — December 6, 2010 #25 The Great UmiCar Rescue — January 10, 2011 #26 Purple Monkey Mission — January 11, 2011 #27 Day at the Museum — January 12, 2011 #28 Super Soap — January 13, 2011 #29 Counting Comet — February 25, 2011 #30 Crazy Skates — March 21, 2011 #31 Milli Saves the Day — March 22, 2011 #32 Umi Fire Truck — March 23, 2011 #33 Ellee the Elephant — March 24, 2011 #34 Umi Egg Hunt — April 15, 2011 #35 The Legend of the Blue Mermaid — May 13, 2011 #36 Shark Car — July 15, 2011 #37 The King of Numbers — October 3, 2011 #38 Umi Toy Store — October 10, 2011 #39 Buster the Lost Dog — October 17, 2011 #40 Into the Snow We Go! — November 25, 2011 ===Season 3 (2011-2012)=== #41 Cuckoo Bears — January 16, 2012 #42 The Incredible Presto — January 17, 2012 #43 Stompasaurus — January 18, 2012 #44 Job Well Done — January 19, 2012 #45 Rainy Day Rescue — January 20, 2012 #46 The Shape Bandit — January 27, 2012 #47 Shooting Star — April 27, 2012 #48 Presto's Magic House — May 18, 2012 #49 DoorMouse in Space — May 25, 2012 #50 The Umi Games — August 13, 2012 #51 The Kitty Rescue — September 21, 2012 #52 The Great Shape Race — September 28, 2012 #53 Animal School House — October 1, 2012 #54 Doctor Bot — October 2, 2012 #55 Broadwalk Games — October 3, 2012 #56 Lost and Found Toys — October 4, 2012 #57 [[Let's Play]] Math Dragons — November 26, 2012 #58 Haircut Hijinx — November 27, 2012 #59 The Umi City Treasure Hunt — November 28, 2012 #60 A Sledding Snow Day — November 29, 2012 ===Season 4 (2013–2015)=== #61 The Boy With the Dragon [[Skateboard]] — February 4, 2013 #62 City of Lost Penguins — February 11, 2013 #63 UmiCar's Birthday Present — April 22, 2013 #64 Robo Tools — May 13, 2013 #65 The Sunshine Fairy — May 20, 2013 #66 Little Panda Joe — June 14, 2013 #67 Stolen Lunches — September 9, 2013 #68 Meatball Madness — September 16, 2013 #69 Umi Grand Prix — October 11, 2013 #70 Gloopy Fly Home — November 18, 2013 #71 Movie Madness — November 25, 2013 #72 Umi Ninjas — January 10, 2014 #73 Umi Cops — January 17, 2014 #74 Umi Knights — April 29, 2014 #75 Lost Fairy Tales in the City — May 5, 2014 #76 Sleeping UmiCar — September 8, 2014 #77 Gizmos Gone Wild — September 15, 2014 #78 Mega Quest Journey — November 28, 2014 #79 Umi Space Heroes — February 16, 2015 #80 Umi Rescue Copter — April 24, 2015 ==Toys and Merchandise== In early 2012, a company called [[Fisher-Price]] collaborated with Nickelodeon to create the first official ''Team Umizoomi'' toys. They were created until 2015. These toys included plush dolls, bath figurines, plastic figures, etc. <big>'''Preschool math kits'''</big>{{reflist}} ==DVD releases== Paramount Home Media Distribution is the main [[DVD]] distributor for the show. {{Nickshows}} {{tv-stub}} [[Category:Nick Jr. original programming]] [[Category:2010s American animated television series]] [[Category:2010s American children's television series]] [[Category:2010 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2015 American television series endings]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] qz1rbi099iyv89ejgdjl8dr3sy251wo 0 262486 10369048 8771952 2025-07-03T06:01:01Z Horn in d 1447492 /* Instrumentation */ 10369048 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Turn of the Screw''''' is an [[opera]] by [[Benjamin Britten]]. It is a chamber opera (an opera for a small number of characters and very small orchestra). The story is based on a story with the same title by [[Henry James]]. The libretto (the words of the opera) were written by [[Myfanwy Piper]]. The story of the opera is almost exactly the same as in Henry James’s book. Britten was asked by the Venice Biennale to write the opera. It was first performed on [[14 September]], [[1954]], at the [[Teatro La Fenice]], [[Venice]]. Its first performance in [[Britain]] took place a month later on [[6 October]] 1954 at [[Sadler’s Wells Opera]] in [[London]]. The opera is divided into two acts. It is further divided into a [[prologue]] and sixteen scenes. Before each scene starts we hear a variation on the 'Screw' theme. This theme is based on twelve notes which are all the 12 notes in the [[octave]]. This is called [[serialism|twelve-tone row]], but it is tonally based (the music is in traditional [[key (music)|keys]], unlike the music of [[Schoenberg]]). There are only 13 players in the orchestra. ==Roles== {| class="wikitable" !Role !Voice type !Premiere Cast, 14 September 1954 |- | Prologue |[[Tenor]] | [[Peter Pears]] |- | Governess |[[Soprano]] |[[Jennifer Vyvyan]] |- | Miles |[[Boy soprano|Treble]] |David Hemmings |- |Flora |Soprano | Olive Dyer |- | Mrs. Grose, ''the housekeeper'' |Soprano |[[Joan Cross]] |- |Miss Jessel, ''the former governess'' |[[Soprano]] | Arda Mandikian |- | Peter Quint, ''the former manservant'' |Tenor |Peter Pears |} == The story of the opera== :Time: The middle of the nineteenth century :Place: Bly, an [[English country house]] ===Prologue=== The prologue is just for a solo singer ([[tenor]]) and [[piano]]. He tells us about a young [[governess]] he once knew who looked after two children at Bly House. The children’s parents were dead, and they were supposed to be cared for by their [[uncle]]. The uncle, who lived in [[London]], was far too busy to care for them, and he hired a governess for them. He told the governess (who is just called “the governess” in the opera) that she must never write to him about the children. She must make any decisions about them herself. She must never ask him about the history of Bly House, and she must always continue to care for the children. ===Act 1=== The Governess wonders what the children will be like. The children wonder what their new governess will be like. When the Governess arrives at Bly House she is greeted by the housekeeper, Mrs. Grose, and the children who ([[bowing|bow]] and [[curtsey]]). She thinks that the boy, Miles, looks strangely familiar. Miles goes to a [[boarding school]], but he has come home for the [[holiday]]s. A letter from his school arrives saying that he has been [[Expulsion (academia)|expelled]] because he had been threatening other children. The Governess is sure that Miles, like his sister Flora, is too kind and [[innocent]] to have done such terrible things. Mrs Grose also thinks the same thing. The Governess decides not to take any notice of the letter. The Governess sings about her wonderful position at the house and the beautiful children she has in her care. But at night she hears strange footsteps and a [[wikt:shout|cry]] outside her door. Suddenly, she sees a pale-faced man sitting on a tower of the house. When the man disappears, she becomes frightened and wonders if she has seen a [[ghost]]. But then she is comforted when she hears the children singing the [[nursery rhyme]] "[[Tom, Tom, the Piper's Son]]". The Governess doubts that she saw anything, but decides to tell Mrs. Grose. The housekeeper tells the Governess about Peter Quint, who used to be a [[servant]] at Bly House. What Mrs. Grose says seems to suggest that Quint had done nasty things to Miles. At that time Miles had a governess called Miss Jessel. Mrs. Grose suggests that Quint had a sexual relationship with Miss Jessell, and that they both had sexual relations with the children. The housekeeper said she could do nothing about it, as Quint cleverly found any letters that came for her and he threatened her with physical harm. But when Miss Jessel became [[pregnant]] and people found out how bad she was, she abandoned the children and ran away. Soon afterwards she died. Shortly after that Quint died a mysterious death on an icy road near Bly House. The next morning, the Governess is teaching Miles [[Latin]] when he goes into a trance-like state and sings a song which shows that Quint had [[abuse]]d him. Later that day, the Governess sits by the side of a lake with Flora. Flora names the [[sea]]s of the world, finishing with the [[Dead Sea]]. Flora compares the Dead Sea (where nothing can live) to Bly House. This worries the Governess. As Flora plays on the shore with her [[doll]], the Governess suddenly sees a strange woman across the lake who seems to be watching Flora. It is the ghost of Miss Jessel, who has returned to get Flora. The Governess hurries Flora home to safety. That night, Miles and Flora slip out into the woods to meet Miss Jessel and Peter Quint. The children fantasize about a world where dreams come true. The Governess and Mrs. Grose arrive as the children are about to be [[Demonic possession|possessed]], and the spirits depart. Miles sings a song about how he has been a bad boy. ===Act 2=== The ghosts of Peter Quint and Miss Jessel reappear. They argue about who harmed whom first when they were alive, and accuse one another of not acting quickly enough to possess the children. In her room, the Governess worries about the evil she feels in the house. The next morning, the family goes to church. The children sing a song which sounds like a song praising God. Mrs. Grose does not realize the meaning of the song until the Governess tells her they are singing about horrors. The Governess runs off and goes to her room. She can feel the presence of Miss Jessel and sees her sitting at her desk. The Governess now knows that she cannot abandon the children. She writes to the children’s uncles saying that she must see him. When the Governess asks Miles what happened at school Quint’s voice is heard. Miles shrieks and the candle goes out. Miles is tempted by Quint to pick up the letter. He steals it and rushes off. Miles distracts the grown-up’s attention by playing the piano, so they do not notice Flora going off to the lake. Mrs Grose and the Governess find Flora by the lake. The Governess tries to make Flora say that she can see Mrs Jessel, but she shouts that she can’t see anybody. Mrs Grose takes her home. In the last scene Flora has become mad. Mrs Grose tells the Governess that her letter to the uncle must have been stolen. She asks Miles whether he stole it. He denies it, but all the time he can see Peter Quint who is telling him he must not tell them the truth about him. In the end Miles screams: “Peter Quint! You devil!” and then dies. The Governess is left holding the dead boy in her arms. ==Instrumentation== There are usually 13 players in the orchestra. The instruments used are: Two [[violin]]s, [[viola]], [[cello]], [[double bass]], [[flute]]/[[alto flute]]/[[piccolo]], [[oboe]]/[[cor anglais]], [[clarinet]]/[[bass clarinet]], [[bassoon]], [[horn]], [[harp]], [[piano]]/[[celesta]] and [[percussion]]. ==References== *The New Kobbe’s Opera Book ed. The Earl of Harewood and Antony Peattie, 2000; {{ISBN|0091814103}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Turn of the Screw, The}} [[Category:Compositions by Benjamin Britten]] [[Category:1950s operas]] [[Category:1954 works]] m1khknh06ifbhqrhiee7v6x792a0cm6 10369050 10369048 2025-07-03T06:04:21Z Horn in d 1447492 /* Instrumentation */ 10369050 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Turn of the Screw''''' is an [[opera]] by [[Benjamin Britten]]. It is a chamber opera (an opera for a small number of characters and very small orchestra). The story is based on a story with the same title by [[Henry James]]. The libretto (the words of the opera) were written by [[Myfanwy Piper]]. The story of the opera is almost exactly the same as in Henry James’s book. Britten was asked by the Venice Biennale to write the opera. It was first performed on [[14 September]], [[1954]], at the [[Teatro La Fenice]], [[Venice]]. Its first performance in [[Britain]] took place a month later on [[6 October]] 1954 at [[Sadler’s Wells Opera]] in [[London]]. The opera is divided into two acts. It is further divided into a [[prologue]] and sixteen scenes. Before each scene starts we hear a variation on the 'Screw' theme. This theme is based on twelve notes which are all the 12 notes in the [[octave]]. This is called [[serialism|twelve-tone row]], but it is tonally based (the music is in traditional [[key (music)|keys]], unlike the music of [[Schoenberg]]). There are only 13 players in the orchestra. ==Roles== {| class="wikitable" !Role !Voice type !Premiere Cast, 14 September 1954 |- | Prologue |[[Tenor]] | [[Peter Pears]] |- | Governess |[[Soprano]] |[[Jennifer Vyvyan]] |- | Miles |[[Boy soprano|Treble]] |David Hemmings |- |Flora |Soprano | Olive Dyer |- | Mrs. Grose, ''the housekeeper'' |Soprano |[[Joan Cross]] |- |Miss Jessel, ''the former governess'' |[[Soprano]] | Arda Mandikian |- | Peter Quint, ''the former manservant'' |Tenor |Peter Pears |} == The story of the opera== :Time: The middle of the nineteenth century :Place: Bly, an [[English country house]] ===Prologue=== The prologue is just for a solo singer ([[tenor]]) and [[piano]]. He tells us about a young [[governess]] he once knew who looked after two children at Bly House. The children’s parents were dead, and they were supposed to be cared for by their [[uncle]]. The uncle, who lived in [[London]], was far too busy to care for them, and he hired a governess for them. He told the governess (who is just called “the governess” in the opera) that she must never write to him about the children. She must make any decisions about them herself. She must never ask him about the history of Bly House, and she must always continue to care for the children. ===Act 1=== The Governess wonders what the children will be like. The children wonder what their new governess will be like. When the Governess arrives at Bly House she is greeted by the housekeeper, Mrs. Grose, and the children who ([[bowing|bow]] and [[curtsey]]). She thinks that the boy, Miles, looks strangely familiar. Miles goes to a [[boarding school]], but he has come home for the [[holiday]]s. A letter from his school arrives saying that he has been [[Expulsion (academia)|expelled]] because he had been threatening other children. The Governess is sure that Miles, like his sister Flora, is too kind and [[innocent]] to have done such terrible things. Mrs Grose also thinks the same thing. The Governess decides not to take any notice of the letter. The Governess sings about her wonderful position at the house and the beautiful children she has in her care. But at night she hears strange footsteps and a [[wikt:shout|cry]] outside her door. Suddenly, she sees a pale-faced man sitting on a tower of the house. When the man disappears, she becomes frightened and wonders if she has seen a [[ghost]]. But then she is comforted when she hears the children singing the [[nursery rhyme]] "[[Tom, Tom, the Piper's Son]]". The Governess doubts that she saw anything, but decides to tell Mrs. Grose. The housekeeper tells the Governess about Peter Quint, who used to be a [[servant]] at Bly House. What Mrs. Grose says seems to suggest that Quint had done nasty things to Miles. At that time Miles had a governess called Miss Jessel. Mrs. Grose suggests that Quint had a sexual relationship with Miss Jessell, and that they both had sexual relations with the children. The housekeeper said she could do nothing about it, as Quint cleverly found any letters that came for her and he threatened her with physical harm. But when Miss Jessel became [[pregnant]] and people found out how bad she was, she abandoned the children and ran away. Soon afterwards she died. Shortly after that Quint died a mysterious death on an icy road near Bly House. The next morning, the Governess is teaching Miles [[Latin]] when he goes into a trance-like state and sings a song which shows that Quint had [[abuse]]d him. Later that day, the Governess sits by the side of a lake with Flora. Flora names the [[sea]]s of the world, finishing with the [[Dead Sea]]. Flora compares the Dead Sea (where nothing can live) to Bly House. This worries the Governess. As Flora plays on the shore with her [[doll]], the Governess suddenly sees a strange woman across the lake who seems to be watching Flora. It is the ghost of Miss Jessel, who has returned to get Flora. The Governess hurries Flora home to safety. That night, Miles and Flora slip out into the woods to meet Miss Jessel and Peter Quint. The children fantasize about a world where dreams come true. The Governess and Mrs. Grose arrive as the children are about to be [[Demonic possession|possessed]], and the spirits depart. Miles sings a song about how he has been a bad boy. ===Act 2=== The ghosts of Peter Quint and Miss Jessel reappear. They argue about who harmed whom first when they were alive, and accuse one another of not acting quickly enough to possess the children. In her room, the Governess worries about the evil she feels in the house. The next morning, the family goes to church. The children sing a song which sounds like a song praising God. Mrs. Grose does not realize the meaning of the song until the Governess tells her they are singing about horrors. The Governess runs off and goes to her room. She can feel the presence of Miss Jessel and sees her sitting at her desk. The Governess now knows that she cannot abandon the children. She writes to the children’s uncles saying that she must see him. When the Governess asks Miles what happened at school Quint’s voice is heard. Miles shrieks and the candle goes out. Miles is tempted by Quint to pick up the letter. He steals it and rushes off. Miles distracts the grown-up’s attention by playing the piano, so they do not notice Flora going off to the lake. Mrs Grose and the Governess find Flora by the lake. The Governess tries to make Flora say that she can see Mrs Jessel, but she shouts that she can’t see anybody. Mrs Grose takes her home. In the last scene Flora has become mad. Mrs Grose tells the Governess that her letter to the uncle must have been stolen. She asks Miles whether he stole it. He denies it, but all the time he can see Peter Quint who is telling him he must not tell them the truth about him. In the end Miles screams: “Peter Quint! You devil!” and then dies. The Governess is left holding the dead boy in her arms. ==Instrumentation== There are usually 13 players in the orchestra. The instruments used are: Two [[violin]]s, [[viola]], [[cello]], [[double bass]], [[flute]]/[[alto flute]]/[[piccolo]], [[oboe]]/[[english horn]], [[clarinet]]/[[bass clarinet]], [[bassoon]], [[horn]], [[harp]], [[piano]]/[[celesta]] and [[percussion]]. ==References== *The New Kobbe’s Opera Book ed. The Earl of Harewood and Antony Peattie, 2000; {{ISBN|0091814103}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Turn of the Screw, The}} [[Category:Compositions by Benjamin Britten]] [[Category:1950s operas]] [[Category:1954 works]] a0s4e3gzw2ngxujy5lfmbljuulsw643 0 263061 10368990 6168796 2025-07-03T05:27:03Z Julipero 1604351 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 10368990 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Diossido di azoto.jpg|thumb|Nitrogen dioxide gas in a test tube]] '''Nitrogen dioxide''' is a [[chemical compound]]. Its [[chemical formula]] is NO<sub>2</sub>. It contains [[nitrogen]] and [[oxide]] [[ion]]s. The nitrogen is in the +4 [[oxidation state]]. [[File:Nitrogen-dioxide-3D-balls.png|thumb|Nitrogen dioxide structure]] ==Properties== [[File:NO2-N2O4.jpg|thumb|The left hand bottle contains more nitrogen dioxide than the Tetroxide, whereas the Second bottle's contents' state favors the formation of more Dinitrogen Tetroxide (colorless) than Nitrogen Dioxide (Red/Brown).]] Nitrogen Dioxide is a reddish-brown gas with a distinct, pungent [[odor]] similar to that of [[Chlorine]]. It causes significant and damaging pulmonary effects when it is inhaled, due to the formation of both Nitric (HNO3) & Nitrous (HNO2) acids when it reacts with Water present in the lungs. When Nitrogen Dioxide is compressed or cooled to near 0° C, two molecules of the Dioxide bond, forming the colorless [[Dinitrogen Tetroxide]]. It is a strong [[oxidizing agent]]. Upon heating, Nitrogen Dioxide decomposes back into lower oxides of Nitrogen (NO) as well as Oxygen. It reacts with [[iodide]]s to form [[nitrite]]s and elemental [[iodine]]. The presence of NO2 in concentrated Nitric acid causes the acid to take on a yellow color, depending on the concentration of the dissolved gas. ==Preparation== Nitrogen dioxide is normally made by [[oxidation]] of [[nitric oxide]] by [[oxygen]] in air. It can also be made by heating some [[nitrate]]s. It can be made by reacting concentrated [[nitric acid]] with [[copper]] or [[tin]]. ==Uses== It is used to make nitric acid by dissolving it in water. Nitric oxide is also released. ==Safety== Nitrogen dioxide is very toxic. It has a foul odor, which aids in its detection. Much care should be taken to avoid contact with this compound. ==Related pages== *[[Nitrous oxide]] *[[Nitrous acid]] [[Category:Nitrogen compounds]] [[Category:Oxides]] kx5qjtqq3vi99w9y607j1g8o9vcr6bc 0 263438 10368401 10367220 2025-07-02T22:42:34Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10368401 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:MET DP144418.jpg|thumb|Statue of a [[Bodhisattva]] in the [[Gandhara art]], art style that developed in the [[Gandhara]] region of Pakistan.]] '''Ancient history of Pakistan''' covers the [[history of Pakistan]] from [[Prehistory|prehistoric times]] until the start of the [[Medieval Pakistan|Medieval period]]. Pakistan is located on a vast geographic region known as the '''Greater Indus Region''' or the '''Greater Indus Valley''',<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HbvTBAAAQBAJ&q=Ancient+Pakistan+Volume+I|title=Ancient Pakistan - An Archaeological History: Volume II: A Prelude to Civilization|last=Ahmed|first=Mukhtar|date=2014-10-15|publisher=Amazon|isbn=978-1-4959-4130-6|pages=16|language=en|quote=...archaeologists often call the whole area the Greater Indus Region or the Greater Indus Valley. Thus, Ancient Pakistan is essentially the Greater Indus Valley; it is more a cultural and geographic unit than a political one.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pmAuAsi4ePIC&q=Possehl,+Gregory+L.+The+Indus+Civilization:+A+Contemporary+Perspective.+Oxford+%26+IBH+Publishing,+2002.|title=The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective|last=Possehl|first=Gregory L.|date=2002|publisher=Rowman Altamira|isbn=978-0-7591-0172-2|language=en|quote=The Greater Indus region is the easternmost portion of a large cultural and natural area of antiquity, stretching from the Mediterranean Sea to the Thar Desert ...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mxFuAAAAMAAJ|title=Ancient Cholistan: Archaeology and Architecture|last=Mughal|first=Mohammad Rafique|date=1997|publisher=Ferozsons|isbn=978-969-0-01350-7|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F6iBAAAAMAAJ&q=Ancient+Indus|title=The Ancient Indus Valley: New Perspectives|last=McIntosh|first=Jane|date=2008|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|isbn=978-1-57607-907-2|pages=|language=en}}</ref> which is a [[Geography|Geo]]-[[Cradle of civilization|Cultural Cradle]].{{NoteTag|note=The '''Greater Indus Valley''', encompassing the fertile plains and river systems of the [[Indus River]] and its tributaries, is recognized as a [[cradle of civilization]]s, a distinct geographical region, and a historically rich cultural area. It has been home to several ancient civilizations, including the [[Harappan Civilization]], [[Vedic Civilization]] and the [[Gandhara Civilization]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HbvTBAAAQBAJ&q=Ancient+Pakistan+Volume+I|title=Ancient Pakistan - An Archaeological History: Volume II: A Prelude to Civilization|last=Ahmed|first=Mukhtar|date=2014-10-15|publisher=Amazon|isbn=978-1-4959-4130-6|pages=16|language=en}}</ref>}} It includes many different [[Culture|cultures]], [[Language|languages]], [[Society|social systems]], and [[Religions of Pakistan|religions]], creating a special and lasting cultural identity known for tolerance, variety, and adaptation.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Paracha|first=Nadeem F.|date=2017-02-02|title=Pakistan: The lesser-known histories of an ancient land|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1312059|access-date=2024-04-13|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Ancient Pakistan|url=https://www.pakistanembassy.gr/ancient-pakistan|website=Embassy of Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Athens, Greece}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Since the beginning, the land of [[Pakistan]] has been shaped by the [[Indus River]] ([[Urdu]]: ''Darya-i-Sindh'') and its [[tributaries]], as well as the [[Himalayas]], [[Karakoram]], Pamir and [[Hindu Kush]] mountain ranges.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZhZuAAAAMAAJ&q=Ancient+Pakistan|title=Ancient Pakistan|date=2002|publisher=Chairman, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar.|language=en}}</ref> Surrounded by the sandy [[Thar Desert|Thar]] and [[Cholistan desert|Cholistan]] deserts, the rough [[Hill|hills]] and valleys of [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]], and the shiny [[Arabian Sea]], Pakistan's land has been a place where people have lived since [[Ancient history|ancient times]] and is one of the oldest continuously inhabited land in the world.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":8">{{Cite book|title=Ancient Pakistan - An Archaeological History: Volume I: The Stone Age|last=Ahmed|first=Mukhtar|date=2014-05-29|publisher=CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform|isbn=978-1-4954-9047-7|language=English}}</ref> Pakistan has one of the oldest signs of [[Human|humans]] outside [[Africa]]. [[Stone tool|Stone tools]], over 2 million years old, were found in the [[Soanian|Soan Valley]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=2018-07-11|title=Oldest Tools Outside Africa Found, Rewriting Human Story|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/news-china-human-tools-africa-shangchen-hominin-paleoanthropology|access-date=2024-04-19|website=Science|language=en}}</ref> The Ancient history of Pakistan is seen in its valuable [[Archaeology|archaeological]] heritage, covering thousands of years of human effort and creativity. Proof of early human settlements, going back over 2.2 million years, has been found along the [[Soan River]], near [[Islamabad]], showing that this area is one of the oldest places where people lived.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Salim|first=Muhammad|date=2006|title=Palaeolithic Cultures of Pakistan|url=http://ojs.uop.edu.pk/ancientpakistan/article/download/195/177|journal=Lower Palaeolithic in the Soan Valley, Rawalpindi, Pakistan|via=University of Peshawar}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last1=Dennell|first1=R.W.|last2=Rendell|first2=H.|last3=Hailwood|first3=E.|date=1988|title=Early tool-making in Asia: two-million-year-old artefacts in Pakistan|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003598X00073555/type/journal_article|journal=Antiquity|language=en|volume=62|issue=234|pages=98–106|doi=10.1017/S0003598X00073555|issn=0003-598X}}</ref> The time known as the [[Neolithic period]] (6500–2500 BCE) saw the beginning of [[farming]] and the start of [[Town|towns]] and [[City|cities]], best seen in the old site of [[Mehrgarh]] in [[Sibi District|Sibi]], where the earliest proof of [[farming]] and [[Urban area|urban life]] in [[South Asia]] has been found.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ali|first=Zakeriya|title=ANCIENT HISTORY OF PAKISTAN|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/magazine|access-date=2024-04-13|website=www.thenews.com.pk|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pmAuAsi4ePIC&dq=Mehrgarh&pg=PA25|title=The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective|last=Possehl|first=Gregory L.|date=2002|publisher=Rowman Altamira|isbn=978-0-7591-0172-2|language=en}}</ref> [[File:British Museum Middle East 14022019 Gold and carnelian beads 2600-2300 BC Royal cemetery of Ur (composite).jpg|thumb|left|The etched carnelian beads in this [[necklace]] from the Royal Cemetery of Ur, [[Mesopotamia]] (2600-2500 BCE) were probably imported from the [[Indus Valley civilization|Indus Valley]] in Ancient Pakistan.<ref name="BM Carnelian">British Museum notice: "Gold and carnelians beads. The two beads etched with patterns in white were probably imported from the Indus Valley. They were made by a technique developed by the Harappan civilization" [[:File:Ur Grave gold and carnelian beads necklace.jpg|Photograph of the necklace in question]]</ref>]]Throughout its [[History of Pakistan|history]], the region of Pakistan has been a melting pot of [[Civilization|civilizations]] and cultural sharing. The area saw the growth of the '''[[Indus Valley civilization|Indus Valley Civilization]]''' (c. 3000–1300 BCE), one of the earliest [[Urban area|urban societies]] and [[Civilization|civilisations]] in the world. This [[civilization]] had [[Planned cities|well-planned cities]], standard ways of [[Measurement|measuring things]], and a written language (Harappan language) that still hasn't been fully understood, showing how organized and advanced its [[society]] and [[culture]] were.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-07-20|title=Ancient Pakistan Civilization Remains Shrouded in Mystery|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/mystery-shrouds-ancient-civilization-in-pakistan--98967839/164752.html|access-date=2024-04-13|website=Voice of America|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Meister|first=Michael W.|title=Temples of the Indus: Studies in the Hindu Architecture of Ancient Pakistan|date=2010-07-26|url=https://brill.com/display/title/18800|work=Temples of the Indus|publisher=Brill|language=en|isbn=978-90-04-19011-5|access-date=2024-04-13}}</ref> The cities of [[Mohenjo-daro|Mohenjo-Daro]] and [[Harappa]] were important centers for [[trade]], [[culture]], and [[government]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9cs7AAAAIAAJ&q=Ancient+Pakistan+Indus|title=The Indus Civilization|last=Wheeler|first=Mortimer|date=1968-09-02|publisher=CUP Archive|isbn=978-0-521-06958-8|language=en}}</ref> Later times saw the rise of the '''[[Vedic Civilization]]''' (c. 1500–500 BCE), started by the migration of [[Indo-Aryan people|Indo-Aryan tribes]] and the composition of the [[Vedas]] in [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r4s-YsP6vcIC&q=Vedic+civilisation+of+ancient+Pakistan|title=The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan|last1=Allchin|first1=Bridget|last2=Allchin|first2=Raymond|date=1982-07-29|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-28550-6|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ahmed|first=Shoaib|date=2021-10-06|title='All Vedas of Hinduism were written in Lahore'|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1650316|access-date=2024-04-14|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CU9uAAAAMAAJ&q=Vedic+civilisation+of+ancient+Pakistan|title=Foreign Influence in Ancient Indo-Pakistan|last=Jairazbhoy|first=Rafique Ali|date=1995|publisher=Sind Book House|isbn=978-969-8281-00-7|language=en}}</ref> The influence of the [[Achaemenid Empire]] (c. 518–330 BCE) extended into parts of ancient Pakistan, shaping its [[Politics|political]] and cultural landscape, while the [[Hellenic Pakistan|Hellenic Period]] witnessed the establishment of [[Hellenic Pakistan|Greek kingdoms]] in the region, blending [[Hellenic Pakistan|Greek]] and local traditions.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kJnaKu9DdNEC|title=Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia|last=André-Salvini|first=Béatrice|date=2005|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-24731-4|language=en}}</ref> [[File:Indus script.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Seals of the [[Indus Valley civilization]] from Ancient Pakistan. The Indus script still hasn't been decoded and understood.]] The '''[[Gandhara Civilization]]''' (c. 1500 BCE–500 CE) in the northwest of [[Pakistan]] emerged as a significant cultural and religious center, known for its unique artistic traditions ([[Gandhara art]]) blending [[Hellenistic art|Hellenistic]] and indigenous styles.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-03-15|title=Gandhara {{!}} Buddhist Art, Greco-Buddhist, Taxila {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Gandhara|access-date=2024-04-14|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Gandhara|url=https://sites.asiasociety.org/gandhara/|website=asiasociety.org}}</ref> It became the second holy land of [[Buddhism]] after [[Magadha]] in [[Nepal]] and [[India]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=|first=|title=Gandhara Civilization|url=https://www.academia.edu/27239115|journal=International Research Journal Commerce Arts Science}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=National History & Literary Heritage Division|date=2016|title=Pakistan's Heritage: Glorious Gandhara|url=https://heritage.pakistan.gov.pk/SiteImage/Misc/files/compressedGandhara.pdf|journal=Life Story of Buddha Etched in Stone|via=National History and Literary Heritage Division, Government of Pakistan}}</ref> Gandharan monks from Ancient Pakistan were the first to spread [[Buddhism]] in [[Central Asia]], [[China]], [[Korea]] and [[Japan]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cJtMBAAAQBAJ&dq=Gandharan+monks+in+Japan&pg=PA251|title=The Grandeur of Gandhara: The Ancient Buddhist Civilization of the Swat, Peshawar, Kabul and Indus Valleys|last=Samad|first=Rafi U.|date=2011|publisher=Algora Publishing|isbn=978-0-87586-858-5|pages=251|language=en}}</ref> Two of the world's major religions, [[Hinduism]] and [[Sikhism]] originated in modern-day [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7gEvjwEACAAJ|title=Lost Heritage: The Sikh Legacy in Pakistan|last=Singh|first=Amardeep|date=2016|publisher=Nagaara Trust|isbn=978-81-7002-115-5|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Toppa|first=Sabrina|title=Sikhs mark Guru Nanak's 550th birth anniversary in Pakistan|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/11/12/sikhs-mark-guru-nanaks-550th-birth-anniversary-in-pakistan|access-date=2024-04-14|website=Al Jazeera|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=California State University, Long Beach|title=Hinduism|url=https://home.csulb.edu/~cwallis/100/worldreligions/hinduism.html#:~:text=The%20birthplace%20of%20Hinduism%20is,between%202300%20to%202000%20BC.|access-date=2024-04-14|website=home.csulb.edu|quote=The birthplace of Hinduism is Indus River Valley which runs through northwest India into Pakistan. The Indus Valley civilization, or "Harappan civilization" originated sometime around 4,500-5,000 B.C.E. and reached its zenith between 2300 to 2000 BC.}}</ref> The [[Mahayana]], [[Vajrayana]] and [[Tibetan Buddhism]] have roots in the [[Gandhara]] region of [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Art of Gandhara: Buddhas and Bodhisattvas|url=https://sites.asiasociety.org/gandhara/exhibit-sections/buddhas-and-bodhisattvas/|access-date=13 April 2024|website=asiasociey.org|quote=Many of the concepts characteristic of Mahayana Buddhism—the form of Buddhism which later spread widely across East Asia—appear to have developed in Gandhara.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-06-11|title=Remembering Pakistan's Buddhist past {{!}} The Express Tribune|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2361090/remembering-pakistans-buddhist-past|access-date=2024-04-14|website=tribune.com.pk|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-04-01|title=Padmasambhava {{!}} Tibetan Buddhism, Guru Rinpoche, 8th Century {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Padmasambhava|access-date=2024-04-14|website=www.britannica.com|language=en|quote=The founder of [[Tibetan Buddhism]], [[Padmasambhava]] was from the [[Oddiyana]] region of [[Pakistan]].}}</ref> The region of Pakistan has been known by various names throughout history, the oldest recorded name is ''Meluhha'' ([[Sumer|Sumerian]]: 𒈨𒈛𒄩𒆠), the [[Mesopotamia|Mesopotamian]] name for the [[Indus Valley civilization|Indus country]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pmAuAsi4ePIC&pg=PA219|title=The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective|last=Possehl|first=Gregory L.|date=2002|publisher=Rowman Altamira|isbn=978-0-7591-0172-2|language=en}}</ref> == Names == [[File:Darius I statue India.jpg|thumb|300x300px|𓉔𓈖𓂧𓍯𓇌 ''H-n-d-wꜢ-y'' "Hindus ([[Indus River|Indus]])" written in Egyptian hieroglyphs on the Statue of [[Darius I]], circa 500 BCE.]]{{Main|Names of Pakistan}} The region of [[Pakistan]] has been known by many different names throughout history. The [[Indus River]], the [[national river of Pakistan]], has shaped and is tied to much of Pakistan's ancient history. Ancient Pakistan was divided into many [[Kingdom|kingdoms]] and [[Empire|empires]] ruled by local or foreign [[dynasties]], and different regions had different names.<ref name="auto1"/> The oldest recorded name of [[Pakistan]] is ''Meluhha'' ([[Sumer|Sumerian]]: 𒈨𒈛𒄩𒆠), the [[Mesopotamia|Mesopotamian]] name for the [[Indus Valley civilization|Indus country]].<ref name=":1" /> Traditionally, the [[Indus]] is one of the seven sacred rivers of [[South Asia]]. It is known in [[Sanskrit]] as the ''Sindhu'', the terms ‘[[India]]’ and ‘[[Indonesia]]’ were both derived from the [[Indus River]] in [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indus|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100002100|access-date=2024-04-16|website=Oxford Reference|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Post|first=The Jakarta|title=India-Indonesia: Allies on a journey of (mutual re)discovery - Opinion|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2016/08/18/india-indonesia-allies-on-a-journey-of-mutual-rediscovery.html|access-date=2024-04-16|website=The Jakarta Post|language=en}}</ref> The name of ancient Pakistan is also known as far as the [[Achaemenid Empire|Achaemenid province]] of [[Egypt]] where it was written "𓉔𓈖𓂧𓍯𓇌 (''H-n-d-wꜣ-y'')" on the Statue of [[Darius I]], circa 500 BCE.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Susa, Statue of Darius - Livius|url=https://www.livius.org/articles/place/susa/susa-photos/susa-statue-of-darius/|access-date=2024-04-20|website=www.livius.org}}</ref> In Chinese sources, the region of Ancient Pakistan was referred to as “Shendu 身毒,” “Tiandu 天篤,” and “Tianzhu 天竺," specifically referring to the [[Indus Valley]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nUvJEAAAQBAJ&dq=Indus+Valley+Shendu&pg=PT290|title=A STUDY OF MONOGRAPHS ON THE WESTERN REGIONS IN THE OFFICIAL HISTORY BOOKS OF THE WESTERN & EASTERN HAN, WEI, JIN, SOUTHERN & NORTHERN DYNASTIES|last=余太山著|date=2021-07-01|publisher=Beijing Book Co. Inc.|isbn=978-7-100-19038-1|language=en|quote=The "Xi'nanyi liezhuan 西南夷列傳” of Shiji 史記(ch. 116) records that there was a state of Shendu 身毒 to the west of Qiong at a distance of about 2,000 li里. The "Dayuan liezhuan 大宛列傳” of Shiji 史記 (ch.123) records that the state of Shendu 身 毒"lies several thousands of li里 southeast of Daxia 大夏....and the state borders on a large river". The "large river" is a reference to the Indus, and so it seems that Shendu 身毒 specifically refers to the Indus Valley.}}</ref> The [[Macedonia (ancient kingdom)|Greeks]] referred to the region as Indós ([[Greek language|Greek]]: Ἰνδός), which came from the [[Achaemenid Empire|Achaemenid]] name "[[Old Persian language|Old Persian]]: Həndu" for the [[Indus River]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MTGKAAAAMAAJ|title=Nationhood and Statehood in India: A Historical Survey|last=Mukherjee|first=Bratindra Nath|date=2001|publisher=Regency Publications|isbn=978-81-87498-26-1|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e3UBAAAAMAAJ|title=W. B. Henning Memorial Volume|last=Henning|first=Walter Bruno|date=1970|publisher=Lund Humphries|isbn=978-0-85331-255-0|language=en}}</ref> Another indeginous name for ancient Pakistan was ''<nowiki/>'Sapta Sindhu,'<nowiki/>'' meaning the land of seven rivers, specifically referring to the [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab region]]. This name has been used in the [[Rigveda]], which was composed in this region of [[Pakistan]] as well.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xsxKEAAAQBAJ&dq=Sapta+Sindhu+Pakistan&pg=PA13|title=Pakistan: A Very Short Introduction|last=Virdee|first=Pippa|date=2021|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-884707-6|language=en}}</ref> In [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrian]] [[Avesta]] it is mentioned as ''<nowiki/>'Hapta-Hendu''', which also means the land of seven rivers.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KVRwDwAAQBAJ&dq=Hapta+Hendu+iNDUS+vALLEY+Pakistan&pg=PR159|title=Vikram & the Vampire|last=Thakur|first=Pradeep|date=2012-01-06|edition=Improvised |publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-1-105-42303-1|language=en}}</ref> Ancient and medieval Pakistan was known to the [[Arab people|Arab]] [[Historian|historians]] as "Biladu al-Sind بلاد السند", meaning the ''Land of Sind (Indus)'', or simply ''Sind'', which is also the name of modern-day [[Administrative units of Pakistan|Pakistani province]] of [[Sindh]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nizam|first=Muhammad Huzaifa|date=2023-01-15|title=HOW THE INDUS VALLEY FED ISLAM'S GOLDEN AGE|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1731742|access-date=2024-04-17|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=RAHMAN, KOÇYİĞİT|first=Zabihur, Tahsin|date=2018|title=EARLY MUSLIM RELATIONS WITH INDUS VALLEY AND THE EXPEDITIONS DURING THE GUIDED CALIPHATE PERIOD|url=https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/519282#:~:text=In%20other%20words%2C%20the%20history,lost%20its%20essence%20and%20importance.|journal=DEUİFD XLVII/2018, ss. 323-346.}}</ref> The [[Mongols]] with [[Genghis Khan]] invaded the Indus Valley ([[Pakistan]]) in 1241 [[CE]], they referred to the region as ''Šin'' ([[Sindh]]) and the [[Indus river]] as ''Šin Müren''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6VabEAAAQBAJ&dq=Sindh+%C5%A0in+M%C3%BCren&pg=PA943|title=The Secret History of the Mongols: Volume 2|last=Rachewiltz|first=Igor de|date=2022-11-07|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-53175-8|pages=943|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/amongmongols00gilm|title=Among the Mongols|last=Gilmour|first=James|date=|publisher=London, Religious Tract Society|others=Boston University School of Theology}}</ref> == Geography boundaries == [[File:Mesopotamia-Indus.jpg|left|thumb|The ancient trade route of Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley.]] The [[Geography|geographical]] boundaries of the Greater Indus region, encompass a vast region extending from the [[Himalayas]], [[Karakoram]], [[Hindu Kush|Hindukush]] and the Pamirs in the north to the [[Makran|Makran coast]] along the [[Arabian Sea]] in the south. To the east, it includes the fertile plains along the [[Indus River]], extending into the [[Thar Desert]] and up to the Aravalli Range, which since [[prehistory]] seperates it from the [[Gangetic Plains of India|Gangetic plains]]. In the west, the boundaries stretch to the borders of [[Iran]] and [[Afghanistan]], covering regions like [[Makran]] and parts of the [[Iranian Plateau]]. These boundaries are not only defined by geographical features but also by the [[cultural]] and [[historical]] interactions of ancient civilizations such as the [[Indus Valley Civilization]], [[Gandhara]], and [[Vedic period|Vedic cultures]], and later influences from empires like the [[Maurya Empire|Mauryans]], [[Hellenic Pakistan|Greeks]], [[Kushan Empire|Kushans]], and Islamic dynasties.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ahsan|first=Aitzaz|year=1997|title=The Indus Saga and the Making of Pakistan|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/872849.The_Indus_Saga_and_the_Making_of_Pakistan|access-date=2024-07-15|website=Goodreads|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|isbn=9780195776935}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.17045|title=Five thousand years of Pakistan|last=Wheeler|first=R. E. M.|date=1950}}</ref> [[File:Indus bracelet made of Fasciolaria Trapezium or Xandus Pyrum imported front and back with inscribed chevron to Susa in 2600-1700 BCE LOUVRE Sb14473.jpg|thumb|173x173px|Indus bracelet made of ''Pleuroploca trapezium'' imported to [[Susa]] in (2600-1700 BCE) from modern-Pakistan.]] Pakistan has historically maintained distinct cultural, [[geographical]], and [[historical]] characteristics compared to the [[North Indian Plain|Gangetic plains]] of South Asia. The renowned Pakistani [[politician]] and [[author]], Aitzaz Ahsan, writes that the historical boundaries and cultural distinctions between Ancient Pakistan and the Gangetic plains have been pronounced throughout history. It is noted that only in a period of 500 years, particularly during the periods of universal empires{{NoteTag|note=The term is applied to the three empires that almost encompassed the entire [[subcontinent]] spanning Indus and Gangetic. The concept of the universal state based on [[slavery]], with its high-point in the [[Mauryan empire]], had itself sown the seeds of the feudal order many centuries earlier. The two subsequent 'universal states' encompassing the entire subcontinent, would, in turn, be the high points, respectively, of [[feudalism]] (the [[Mughal Empire]]), and of imperial capitalism (the [[British Empire]]).}} like the [[Maurya Empire|Mauryan]], [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] and [[British Empire|British]] administrations, did significant cultural and administrative ties binded these regions together.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DSauCQAAQBAJ&q=Indus+Saga+Aitizaz|title=The Indus Saga|last=Ahsan|first=Aitzaz|date=2005-08-01|publisher=Roli Books Private Limited|isbn=978-93-5194-073-9|language=en|quote=During the last six thousand years Indus has, indeed, remained independent of and separate from India for almost 5,500 years. Only the three 'Universal States those of the Mauryans, the Mughals, and the British welded these two regions together in single empires. And the aggregate period of these 'Universal States' was not more than five hundred years.}}</ref><ref name=":8" /> The [[Indus Valley Civilization]] also had greater historical ties and exchanges with regions to its west, such as [[Mesopotamia]], than with the Gangetic plains to the east. This historical interaction contributed significantly to the cultural and economic dynamics of Pakistan, emphasizing its distinct identity within the broader South Asian context. In fact, the world known to the inhabitants of the Indus Valley was the world more to its West than to its East.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HbvTBAAAQBAJ&q=Ancient+Pakistan+Volume+I|title=Ancient Pakistan - An Archaeological History: Volume II: A Prelude to Civilization|last=Ahmed|first=Mukhtar|date=2014-10-15|publisher=Amazon|isbn=978-1-4959-4130-6|pages=6|language=en}}</ref> == Stone Age == [[File:Mehrgarh-01.gif|thumb|171x171px|Wheel [[amulet]] from the [[Neolithic]] site of [[Mehrgarh]], [[Pakistan]]; the first known object to have been made using lost-wax casting-a technique.]] Evidence of the earliest [[Homo|human]] presence in Pakistan dates back more than a million years. The [[Soanian|Soan Valley]], located in the [[Pothohar Plateau]] of northern Pakistan, is one of the key sites for early human activities in the Greater Indus Valley. Stone tools such as hand [[Axe|axes]] and flake tools dating back 2.2 million years found in this area indicate the presence of [[Homo erectus]], an early human ancestor.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-qLTBAAAQBAJ&q=Ancient+Pakistan+Volume+I|title=Ancient Pakistan - An Archaeological History: Volume I: The Stone Age|last=Ahmed|first=Mukhtar|date=2014-05-29|publisher=Amazon|isbn=978-1-4954-9047-7|language=en}}</ref> The [[Palaeolithic|Paleolithic period]] in Pakistan is divided into the Lower, Middle, and Upper Paleolithic phases. The Lower Paleolithic (c. 2 million - 300,000 years ago) is marked by simple [[Stone tool|stone tools]] found in sites like the [[Soanian|Soan Valley]] and Riwat. These [[Acheulean]] tools, primarily used for hunting and processing animal carcasses, are associated with Homo erectus and early [[Homo sapiens]]. Modern humans (Homo sapiens) are believed to have arrived in Pakistan around 70,000 to 50,000 years ago, as evidenced by more sophisticated stone tools and symbolic artifacts. The Middle Paleolithic (c. 300,000 - 40,000 years ago) saw more refined tools, including flake tools and scrapers, from sites such as Sanghao Cave in the [[Mardan District|Mardan district]] and [[Kakul]] in the [[Abbottabad district]]. These tools suggest advanced hunting and gathering techniques by [[Neanderthals]] and early modern [[Human|humans]]. The Upper Paleolithic (c. 40,000 - 10,000 years ago) introduced microliths and complex toolkits found in the Pabbi Hills ([[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]]) and [[Dadu District|Dadu]] (Sindh), indicating a further advancement in technology and possibly symbolic behavior.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dani|first=Ahmad Hasan|date=1963|title=Prehistoric Pakistan|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42929008|journal=Asian Perspectives|volume=7|issue=1/2|pages=183–188|jstor=42929008 |issn=0066-8435}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> [[File:Statuette Mehrgarh.jpg|left|thumb|280x280px|A [[Terracotta|terracota]] figurine from Mehrgarh, Baluchistan in [[Pakistan]].]] The [[Mesolithic|Mesolithic period]] (c. 10,000 - 8,000 years ago) represents a transitional phase with a shift towards smaller, more specialized tools such as microlithic arrowheads and grinding stones found in Rohri Hills ([[Sindh]]) and [[Islamabad]]. These artifacts point to a broad-spectrum economy with increased reliance on plant processing and smaller game hunting, suggesting a semi-[[nomadic]] lifestyle with seasonal campsites.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> The [[Neolithic period]] (c. 8,000 - 4,000 years ago) marks a major shift towards agriculture and permanent settlements. The [[Mehrgarh]] site in [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]] is pivotal for this era, revealing early farming communities with domesticated [[Plant|plants]] and [[Animal|animals]], mudbrick houses, storage silos, and [[Granary|granaries]]. The Early Neolithic (c. 8,000 - 6,000 years ago) at Mehrgarh is characterized by polished stone [[Axe|axes]] and flint blades, while the Late Neolithic (c. 6,000 - 4,000 years ago) shows advanced [[pottery]], [[terracotta]] figurines, and early trade networks, reflecting complex societal structures and cultural expression. [[Mehrgarh]] in Ancient Pakistan is the earliest known site in [[South Asia]] showing evidence of [[farming]] and [[herding]]. According to Asko Parpola, a Finnish [[Indology|Indologist]], the Mehrgarh culture migrated into the Indus Valley and became the [[Indus Valley Civilisation]] of the [[Bronze Age]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Roots of Hinduism: The Early Aryans and The Indus Civilization|url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-roots-of-hinduism-9780190226909|access-date=2024-07-14|website=global.oup.com}}</ref><ref name=":6" /> === Chronology of Stone Age in Pakistan === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" !Year !Event !Evidence |- |2-1.2 Million years ago |Colonization by early [[Homo erectus]]. |Tools crafted by them that have been dated back two million years have been discovered in Riwat and Pabbi Hills in Pathway, northern Punjab.<ref name="shef">{{cite web|title=Palaeolithic and Pleistocene of Pakistan|url=http://www.shef.ac.uk/archaeology/research/pakistan|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029184443/http://www.shef.ac.uk/archaeology/research/pakistan|archive-date=29 October 2013|access-date=2007-12-01|publisher=Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="murray">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k3z9iXo_Uq8C&pg=PP3|title=Time and archaeology|last=Murray|first=Tim|publisher=Routledge|year=1999|isbn=978-0-415-11762-3|location=London; New York|page=84|author-link=Tim Murray (archaeologist)}}</ref> The pebble stones from the archaeological site of [[Riwat]], [[Murree]] are discovered, dating back approximately 1.9 million years ago.<ref>Rendell, H. and Dennell, R.W. 1987 Thermoluminescence Dating of an Upper Pleistocene Site, Northern Pakistan. Geoarchaeology 2, 63-67.</ref> The earliest archaeological site in the South Asia is the palaeolithic [[hominid]] site in the [[Soanian|Soan River valley]].<ref name="ppisv">{{cite book|title=Pleistocene and Palaeolithic Investigations in the Soan Valley, Northern Pakistan|url=https://archive.org/details/pleistocenepalae0000rend|last1=Rendell|first1=H. R.|last2=Dennell|first2=R. W.|last3=Halim|first3=M.|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=1989|isbn=978-0-86054-691-7|series=British Archaeological Reports International Series|page=364|oclc=29222688}}</ref> |- |700-500,000 years ago |Acheulean tools users |Stone tools from Pabbi Hills and Wide-spread area of Sindh. Some of the earliest relics of [[Stone Age]] man have been found in the [[Soanian|Soan Valley]] of the [[Potohar]] region near [[Rawalpindi]], dating back to 500,000 BCE.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HbvTBAAAQBAJ&q=Ancient+Pakistan+Volume+I|title=Ancient Pakistan - An Archaeological History: Volume II: A Prelude to Civilization|last=Ahmed|first=Mukhtar|date=2014-10-15|isbn=978-1-4959-4130-6|pages=|publisher=Amazon |language=en}}</ref> |- |250-200,000 years ago |Transition from Acheulean to Middle Paleolithic |Evidence from Onagar in southem Sindh. [[Flake tools]], [[microliths]] and other [[chopping tools]] have been found in [[Soanian|Soan Valley]]. Most of these tools were composed of the [[metamorphic]] [[quartzite|quartzite rocks]]. The stone tool artifacts in this [[Assemblage (archaeology)|assemblage]] have been identified as a part of the second [[Pleistocene|inter-pluvial]] period in Pakistan.<ref name="auto">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HbvTBAAAQBAJ&q=Ancient+Pakistan+Volume+I|title=Ancient Pakistan - An Archaeological History: Volume II: A Prelude to Civilization|last=Ahmed|first=Mukhtar|date=2014-10-15|isbn=978-1-4959-4130-6|pages=26|language=en}}</ref> |- |200-70,000 years ago |Middle Paleolithic people |Tools prepared from cores in Peshawar Valley and Sindh.<ref name="auto"/> |- |70-10,000 years ago |Arriving of modern humans and their tools |Tools from prepared cores, blades, microliths in [[Sindh]], and [[Peshawar|Peshawar Valley]], beginning of sedentary living.<ref name="auto"/> The [[archaeological site]] of [[Riwat Site 55|Riwat 55]] dates back to this period. It is modern form of [[Riwat|Early Riwat Site]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last1=Dennell|first1=Robin W.|last2=Rendell|first2=Helen M.|last3=Halim|first3=Mohammad|last4=Moth|first4=Eddie|date=1992|title=A 45,000-Year-Old Open-Air Paleolithic Site at Riwat, Northern Pakistan|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-field-archaeology_spring-1992_19_1/page/17|journal=Journal of Field Archaeology|volume=19|issue=1|pages=17–33|doi=10.2307/530366|issn=0093-4690|jstor=530366}}</ref> Riwat 55 contains a structure that includes a low wall footing, a pit, and a stone-lined niche, all associated with a freshly flaked stone [[Assemblage (archaeology)|assemblage]] that included blades.<ref name=":2" /> |- |10,000 years onward |Sedentary living, agriculture, animal domestication, microliths, polished tools |Extensive evidence from [[Mehrgarh]] and other sites in Baluchistan, surface surveys in Cholistan, Punjab.<ref name="auto"/> |} == Bronze Age == [[File:Ceremonial Vessel LACMA AC1997.93.1.jpg|thumb|A Terracotta Ceremonial Vessel from [[Harappa]] in [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]], Pakistan.]] The [[Bronze Age]] in [[Pakistan]], also known as the '''''Indus Age''''', spans roughly from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE and is marked by the rise and flourishing of the [[Indus Valley Civilization]] (IVC), one of the world's earliest urban cultures. This period saw the emergence of sophisticated urban centers such as [[Harappa]] in [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]] and [[Mohenjo-daro]] in [[Sindh]], as well as other significant sites like Lakhanjo-daro, Ganeriwala, and [[Kot Diji]]. Harappa and Mohenjo-daro, often referred to as the twin capitals of the [[Harappan Civilization]],<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pmAuAsi4ePIC&dq=Indus+Valley+twin+capitals&pg=PA247|title=The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective|last=Possehl|first=Gregory L.|date=2002|publisher=Rowman Altamira|isbn=978-0-7591-0172-2|language=en}}</ref> feature well-planned cities with advanced [[drainage]] systems, [[Granary|granaries]], [[Warehouse|warehouses]], and [[Brick|brick houses]], indicating a high level of urban planning and municipal governance. This era in the [[history of Pakistan]] is characterized by advanced urbanization, extensive [[trade]] networks, and remarkable cultural achievements. This period is further divided into three main phases: the ''Early Harappan Phase'' (3300-2600 BCE), ''Mature Harappan Phase'' (2600-1900 BCE), and ''Late Harappan Phase'' (1900-1300 BCE).<ref name=":7">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3qvVBAAAQBAJ&q=Ancient+Pakistan+Volume+III|title=Ancient Pakistan - an Archaeological History: Volume III: Harappan Civilization - the Material Culture|last=Ahmed|first=Mukhtar|date=2014-10-25|publisher=Amazon|isbn=978-1-4959-6643-9|language=en}}</ref> The Early Harappan phase (3300-2600 BCE) represents the formative period of the [[Indus Valley Civilization]], featuring early settlements that laid the groundwork for [[urbanization]]. Notable archaeological sites from this phase include [[Mehrgarh]] in [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Baluchistan]], which continued from the [[Neolithic]] period with developments in [[pottery]], [[metallurgy]], and long-distance trade. Early Harappan ceramics and copper tools have been discovered here. Rehman Dheri in [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] is one of the earliest urban centers with evidence of planned [[Street|streets]] and brick structures. [[Kot Diji]] in Sindh is characterized by fortified structures and distinctive [[pottery]] styles, indicating social complexity and technological advancements.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=okcXzAEACAAJ|title=Harappa: The History of the Ancient Indus Valley Civilization's Most Famous City|last=River|first=Charles|date=2019-11-29|publisher=Amazon Digital Services LLC - Kdp|isbn=978-1-7133-0400-5|language=en}}</ref> [[File:Mohenjo-daro.jpg|left|thumb|267x267px|Excavated ruins of [[Mohenjo-daro]], with the Great Bath in the foreground and the granary mound in the background.]] The Mature Harappan Phase (2600-1900 BCE) represents the peak of [[Urban area|urban development]], with well-planned cities such as [[Harappa]] in Punjab and [[Mohenjo-daro]] in Sindh, the largest city of the IVC. These cities featured advanced [[drainage]] systems, granaries, warehouses, and brick houses, indicating a high level of [[Urban area|urban]] planning and municipal governance. Artifacts from this era include a variety of [[pottery]], tools, [[Ornament|ornaments]], and seals. The seals, typically made of [[steatite]], depict animals, human figures, and an undeciphered script (Indus script), suggesting a complex communication system. The iconic 'Dancing Girl' [[bronze]] statuette found at Mohenjo-daro exemplifies the artistry and metallurgical skill of the Indus people. [[Agriculture]] played a crucial role in the economy, with evidence of [[wheat]], [[barley]], peas, [[cotton]] and [[sesame]] cultivation, along with the domestication of animals such as cattle, sheep, and goats. The use of [[irrigation]] and water management systems supported large-scale agriculture, which in turn facilitated urban growth.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r4s-YsP6vcIC&q=Indus+Valley+Pakistan|title=The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan|last1=Allchin|first1=Bridget|last2=Allchin|first2=Raymond|date=1982-07-29|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-28550-6|language=en}}</ref> [[File:Harappan Burnished and Painted Clay Ovoid Vase with Round Carnelian Beads in National Museum, Delhi (3rd Millennium-2nd Millennium BC).jpg|thumb|Harappan Burnished and Painted Clay Ovoid Vase with Round [[Carnelian]] Beads.]] Trade was another vital aspect of the [[Indus Valley Civilization]], with archaeological findings suggesting extensive networks extending to [[Mesopotamia]], [[Oman]], and [[Central Asia]]. Goods such as [[lapis lazuli]], [[carnelian]], and [[Scallop|shells]] indicate both inland and maritime trade routes.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UmlLBAAAQBAJ&q=Indus+Valley+trade|title=All about Trading in the Indus Valley|last1=Williams|first1=Brenda|last2=Williams|first2=Brian|last3=Binns|first3=Tristan Boyer|date=2015-02-12|publisher=Raintree Publishers|isbn=978-1-4062-8586-4|language=en}}</ref> The Late Harappan phase (1900-1300 BCE) signifies the gradual decline of the Indus Valley Civilization, characterized by the abandonment of major urban centers and a shift towards [[Rural area|rural]] settlements. [[Chanhu-daro|Chanhudaro]] in Sindh continued occupation with a focus on craft production, particularly bead-making and shell-working. Pirak in Baluchistan shows evidence of continuity in agricultural practices and the introduction of new crops like [[rice]] and [[sorghum]]. Sutkagen Dor on the [[Makran|Makran Coast]] highlights the extensive maritime trade network of the IVC with regions such as [[Mesopotamia]] and the [[Arabian Peninsula]]. The decline of the Indus Valley Civilization remains a subject of debate among [[Historian|historians]] and [[Archaeology|archaeologists]], with theories suggesting a combination of factors, including [[climate change]], river course shifts, and possibly invasions or internal social upheavals.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9cs7AAAAIAAJ&q=Indus+Valley+trade|title=The Indus Civilization|last=Wheeler|first=Mortimer|date=1968-09-02|publisher=CUP Archive|isbn=978-0-521-06958-8|language=en}}</ref> [[File:Stamp seal and modern impression- unicorn and incense burner (?) MET DP23101 (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Indus Valley Seal with modern impression depicting a unicorn.]] The Bronze Age in Pakistan is marked by significant technological and cultural advancements, including the use of [[copper]] and bronze for tools, weapons, and ornaments. The discovery of copper furnaces and smelting sites indicates advanced [[Metallurgy|metallurgical]] techniques. Extensive trade networks linked the Indus Valley with [[Mesopotamia]], Central Asia, and the Persian Gulf, evidenced by the presence of Indus seals and artifacts in distant regions. The development of the Indus script, still undeciphered, found on seals, pottery, and other artifacts, suggests a complex system of administration and communication. Sophisticated urban planning with [[Grid plan|grid layouts]], standardized brick sizes, and advanced drainage systems reflect a high level of social organization and [[engineering]] skills.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FbLVBAAAQBAJ&q=Ancient+Pakistan+Volume+IV|title=Ancient Pakistan - An Archaeological History: Volume IV: Harappan Civilization - Theoretical and the Abstract|last=Ahmed|first=Mukhtar|date=2014-10-18|publisher=Amazon|isbn=978-1-4960-8208-4|language=en}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="border: 2px solid #444; text-align: center; width: 80%; margin: auto; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" |+ '''Chronology of Indus Age'''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3qvVBAAAQBAJ&q=Ancient+Pakistan+Volume+III|title=Ancient Pakistan - an Archaeological History: Volume III: Harappan Civilization - the Material Culture|last=Ahmed|first=Mukhtar|date=2014-10-25|publisher=Amazon|isbn=978-1-4959-6643-9|pages=16|language=en}}</ref> ! style="background-color: #d1e7dd; color: #084c61;" | Major Phases !! style="background-color: #d1e7dd; color: #084c61;" | Sub-Phases !! style="background-color: #d1e7dd; color: #084c61;" | Time Period |- | rowspan="2" style="background-color: #f0f4f7;" | Early Farming Settlements | Kili Ghul Muhammad || 7,000-5,000 BC |- | Basket-Marked Phase || 5,000-4,300 BC |- | rowspan="2" style="background-color: #f0f4f7;" | Developed Agricultural Villages | Togau Phase || 4,300-3,800 BC |- | Kechi Beg Phase || 3,800-3,200 BC |- | Hakra Ware Phase || || 3,800-3,200 BC |- | rowspan="3" style="background-color: #f0f4f7;" | Early Indus Period | Amri-Nal Phase || 3,200-2,800 BC |- | Kot Diji Phase || 3,200-2,600 BC |- | Quetta Ware Phase || 3,200-2,600 BC |- | Kulli Phase || || 3,000-2,000 BC |- | Harappan Period || || 2,600-1,700 BC |- | Post-Harappan Period || || 1,700-1,000 BC |} [[Graph|Graphical]] [[timeline]] of the six [[cradle of civilization]] in the world: {{World timeline}} === Timeline of the Indus Valley Civilization === {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |+ '''The Indus Civilization in a Larger Chronological Context'''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3qvVBAAAQBAJ&q=Ancient+Pakistan+Volume+III|title=Ancient Pakistan - an Archaeological History: Volume III: Harappan Civilization - the Material Culture|last=Ahmed|first=Mukhtar|date=2014-10-25|publisher=Amazon|isbn=978-1-4959-6643-9|pages=17|language=en}}</ref> |- ! Period !! Description |- | Before 7000 BC || Development of postglacial [[hunter-gatherer]] communities. [[Mesolithic]]. Beginning of sedentism, arable [[farming]], and [[animal husbandry]] in parts of the [[Near East]] and their gradual spread into adjacent regions. |- | 7000-6000 BC || Aceramic Neolithic.{{efn|Gregory Possehl's Kili Ghul Mohammad phase}} Farming community established at [[Mehrgarh]] (period I). Near East: beginning of [[pottery]] making and metallurgy, Turkmenia: farming communities by 6000. |- | 6000-5000 BC || Aceramic and Ceramic Neolithic.{{efn|Gregory Possehl's Kili Ghul Mohammad phase}} [[Granary|Granaries]] constructed at [[Mehrgarh]]; trade links as far as [[Turkmenistan|Turkmenia]]. Beginning of potter making at Mehrgarh (Mehrgarh II). Possibly additional farming settlements in [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Baluchistan]] such as Kili Ghul Mohammad, Farming communities in [[Iranian plateau]] and Turkmenia. |- | 5000-4300 BC || [[Neolithic]].{{efn|Possehl's Burj Basket-marked phase}} Farming settlements in Baluchistan, pottery, small-scale irrigation, [[copper]] [[smelting]]. Hunter-gatherers of lowlands acquiring domestic animals. |- | 4300-3800 BC || [[Chalcolithic]].{{efn|Possehl's Togau phase}} Many farming settlements in Baluchistan; wheel-turned pottery; glazed steatite, copper casting, some immigrants to the Indus plains from Baluch highland. |- | 3800-3200 BC || Chalcolithic. Kechi Beg (Baluchistan). Hakra (Ghaggar-Hakra plains). Ravi (3300-2800). Increasing number of farming settlements in Baluchistan, some large, pastoralist camps established in the plains, especially Cholistan; [[Harappa]] founded; local hunter-fisher gatherer communities keeping some domestic animals and making [[pottery]] (3300-2800). |- | 3200-2600 BC || Early Harappan: Amri-Nal (Sindh, S. Baluchistan); [[Kot Diji]] (Punjab, N.Baluchistan); Damb Sadaat (Baluchistan); Indus culture diffuses into Baluchistan: bunds and other irrigation works constructed. Spread of farming communities into [[Gujarat]] and the Indo-Gangetic divide; walls and flood defenses. Some towns including [[Harappa]], [[Mehrgarh]], and Rehman Dheri; uninscribed stamp seals; protoscript at Harappa; some specialization. Hunter-Gatherers and pastoral communities in northern Gujarat. [[Mesopotamia]]: city-states emerging in Sumer and Elam; Sumerian and proto-Elamite scripts, trade networks across [[Iranian plateau]] flourishing. Fishing communities in [[Oman]] and Makran probably in contact. |- | 2600-2500 BC || Transition period (Harappa phase 3A, 2600-2450). Many settlements in the plains destroyed or abandoned, some rebuilt, many new settlements founded, probably including [[Mohenjo-daro]]; cultural integration; growing craft specialization; emergence of writing. Mesopotamia: Royal Cemetery at Ur ca. 2600-2450 includes Harappan material; Namazga V-VI culture in Turkmenia. |- | 2500-2000 BC || Mature Harappan (Harappa phase 3B 2450-2200; 3C 2200-1900). Cultural unity in Indus plains; separate but related Kulli culture in southern Baluchistan; separate Late [[Kot Diji]] culture in north-western [[Pakistan]]; well integrated internal distribution network; external trade with western neighbors, Gulf and northern [[Afghanistan]] where [[Shortugai]] is founded; towns and cities, writing; craft specialization and industrial villages. Sea trade: with Umm-an Nar culture in Oman and with Dilmun ([[Bahrain]]); Mesopotamia; [[Akkadian Empire]]; city-states. Ur III empire: trading with Harappans, some Harappans resident there; Helmand culture in Seistan no longer trading with Indus and declining after 2200; Namazga V-VI culture in Turkmenia, declining from 2200; BMAC established in Northern Afghanistan. |- | 2000-1900 BC || Late Harappan (Harappa Phase 3C to 1900). Decline in many towns and cities, especially in [[Sindh]] and Cholistan; introduction of African millets; summer cultivation of rice and millets increasingly important. OCP/Copper Hoards culture in India, Northern Neolithic in Kashmir, Gandhara Grave culture in [[Swat District|Swat]] (Pakistan). Isin-Larsa period in Mesopotamia: Harappan trade now through Dilmun; relations with Wadi Suq culture in [[Oman]] still flourishing. |- | 1900/1800 BC || The end of the Urban culture in the Indus Valley, disintegration of Indus polity; abandonment of most urban centers in [[Sindh]], [[Kutch]], [[Makran]], and Cholistan; strong regional cultures in Gujarat, interacting with neighbors to south and west, in eastern region, expanding into Ganges-Yamuna doab, and in Kachi plain, destruction and abandonment of settlements in Baluchistan. Post-Harappan cultures in the Greater Indus Valley. OCP/Copper Hoards culture in India, Northern Neolithic in Kashmir, Gandhara Grave culture in Swat. [[Mesopotamia]] no longer trading through Gulf; BMAC abandoning northern Afghanistan, but settled in Seistan and in contact with Indus region and beyond. |} === Transition from Late Bronze Age to Iron Age === {{multiple image | perrow = 1/2/1 | total_width = 230 | caption_align = center | align = | title = | image2 = Indus Valley Civilization, Late Phase (1900-1300 BCE).png | caption2 = Cultures of the Late Harappan Phase in Ancient Pakistan (1900-1300 BCE) | image3 = | caption3 = | image4 = | caption4 = | image1 = Rigvedic geography.jpg | caption1 = The extent of the Swat (Gandhara Grave) and Cemetery H cultures shown within the map of Indus region. }} The transition from the [[Bronze Age|Late Bronze Age]] to the [[Iron Age]] in Ancient Pakistan marks a period of significant cultural, technological, and social changes across the region. This era encompasses the coexistence and transformation of several distinct cultures, including the Cemetery H Culture and the Gandhara Grave Culture, and witnesses the decline of the [[Indus Valley Civilization]] (IVC).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=huTVBAAAQBAJ&q=Ancient+Pakistan+Volume+V|title=Ancient Pakistan - An Archaeological History: Volume V: The End of the Harappan Civilization, and the Aftermath|last=Ahmed|first=Mukhtar|date=2014-10-25|publisher=Amazon|isbn=978-1-4997-0982-7|language=en}}</ref><ref name="auto2">Olivieri, Luca M., Roberto Micheli, Massimo Vidale, and Muhammad Zahir, (2019). [https://reich.hms.harvard.edu/sites/reich.hms.harvard.edu/files/inline-files/2019_Science_NarasimhanPatterson_CentralSouthAsia_Supplement.pdf 'Late Bronze - Iron Age Swat Protohistoric Graves (Gandhara Grave Culture), Swat Valley, Pakistan (n-99)'], in Narasimhan, Vagheesh M., et al., "Supplementary Materials for the formation of human populations in South and Central Asia", Science 365 (6 September 2019), pp. 137–164.</ref> ==== Cemetery H Culture ==== The ''Cemetery H Culture'' flourished in the [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]] region from around 1900 BCE to 1300 BCE. It is regarded as a regional variant of the Late Harappan phase of the [[Indus Valley Civilization]], alongside the Jhukar culture of [[Sindh]]. It is named after a cemetery found in "Area H" at [[Harappa]]. Remains of the culture have been dated from about 1900 BCE until about 1300 BCE. This culture represented a shift from the urbanized patterns of the earlier Harappan civilization to more localized settlements and cultural practices. According to the [[archaeologist]], Mohammad Rafique Mughal, the Cemetery H culture developed out of the northern part of the Indus Valley civilization around 1700 BCE, being part of the Punjab Phase, one of three cultural phases that developed in the Localization Era or "Late Harappan phase" of the Indus Valley Tradition.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wayback Machine|url=http://www.rafiquemughal.com/MUGHAL_1990_Decline-of-the-Indus_Lahore-Mus-Bulletin.pdf|access-date=2024-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626135910/http://www.rafiquemughal.com/MUGHAL_1990_Decline-of-the-Indus_Lahore-Mus-Bulletin.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-26 }}</ref> According to Kenoyer, the Cemetery H culture "may only reflect a change in the focus of settlement organization from that which was the pattern of the earlier Harappan phase and not cultural discontinuity, urban decay, invading aliens, or site abandonment, all of which have been suggested in the past."<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kenoyer|first=Jonathan Mark|date=1991|title=The Indus Valley Tradition of Pakistan and western India|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF00978474|journal=Journal of World Prehistory|language=en|volume=5|issue=4|pages=331–385|doi=10.1007/BF00978474|issn=0892-7537}}</ref> According to Kennedy and Mallory & Adams, the Cemetery H culture also "shows clear biological affinities" with the earlier population of [[Harappa]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/mpub.16180|title=God-Apes and Fossil Men|last=Kennedy|first=Kenneth|date=2000|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=978-0-472-11013-1|location=Ann Arbor, MI|doi=10.3998/mpub.16180 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_1884964982|date=1997|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn|isbn=978-1-884964-98-5|editor-last=Mallory|editor-first=J. P.|location=London ; Chicago|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_1884964982/page/103 103], 310|editor-last2=Adams|editor-first2=Douglas Q.}}</ref> The distinguishing features of this culture include:<ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-10-30|title=Cemetery H Culture (circa 1900 - 1300 B.C.)|url=http://pubweb.cc.u-tokai.ac.jp/indus/english/3_1_02.html|access-date=2024-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030161353/http://pubweb.cc.u-tokai.ac.jp/indus/english/3_1_02.html |archive-date=2009-10-30 }}</ref> * The use of [[cremation]] of human remains. The bones were stored in painted [[pottery]] burial urns. This is completely different from the Indus civilization where bodies were buried in wooden [[Coffin|coffins]]. The urn burials and the "grave skeletons" were nearly contemporaneous.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Allchin|first1=F. R.|last2=Sarkar|first2=S. S.|date=1966|title=Ancient Races of Baluchistan, Panjab and Sind.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2795925|journal=Man|volume=1|issue=1|pages=111|doi=10.2307/2795925|jstor=2795925 |issn=0025-1496}}</ref> * Reddish pottery, painted in black with [[Antelope|antelopes]], [[peacocks]] etc., sun or star motifs, with different surface treatments to the earlier period. * Expansion of settlements into the east. * [[Rice]] became a main crop. * Apparent breakdown of the widespread trade of the Indus civilization, with materials such as marine [[Scallop|shells]] no longer used. * Continued use of mud [[brick]] for building. ==== Jhukar Culture ==== [[File:Valle dell'indo, barca a forma di toro, periodo kot-dijan, 2800-2600 ac ca. (coll. priv.) 02.jpg|left|thumb|260x260px|Terracotta boat in the shape of a bull, and female figurines. [[Kot Diji]] period (c. 2800–2600 BC), Ancient Pakistan.]] The ''Jhukar culture'' of [[Sindh]] in Ancient Pakistan was a phase of the Late Harappan culture in that continued after the decline of the mature [[Indus Valley civilisation]] in the 2nd millennium BC. It was contemporaneous with the Cemetery H culture of Punjab and shares similarities with it in terms of [[pottery]] styles and cultural developments. The Jhukar phase is named after the archaeological site called ''Jhukar'' in Sindh, [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/encyclopediaworl00will|title=An encyclopedia of world history : ancient, medieval, and modern : chronologically arranged|last=Langer|first=William L. (William Leonard)|date=1972|publisher=Boston : Houghton Mifflin Cmpany|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-395-13592-1|pages=17}}</ref> This phase, in turn, was followed by the Jhangar phase. Jhukar and Jhangar phases are collectively also called ''Jhukar and Jhangar culture'' (1900 - 1500 BCE).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&dq=jhukar+phase+date+range&pg=PA211|title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century|last=Singh|first=Upinder|date=2008|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-1120-0|language=en}}</ref> The Jhukar culture, like other late Harappan cultures, witnessed changes in [[urban]] planning, trade networks, and possibly climatic shifts, contributing to its eventual decline by around 1300 BCE. The pottery of this phase is described as "showing some continuity with mature Harappan pottery traditions."<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&pg=PA211|title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century|last=Singh|first=Upinder|date=2008|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-1120-0|language=en}}</ref> During this phase, urban features of cities (such as [[Mohenjo-daro|Mohenjo-Daro]]) disappeared, and artifacts such as stone weights and female figurines became rare. This phase is characterized by some circular stamp seals with [[geometric]] designs, although lacking the Indus script which characterized the preceding phase of the civilization. Script is rare and confined to potsherd inscriptions. There was also a decline in long-distance [[trade]].<ref>J.M. Kenoyer (2006), "Cultures and Societies of the Indus Tradition. In Historical Roots" in ''the Making of ‘the Aryan’'', R. Thapar (ed.), pp. 21–49. New Delhi, National Book Trust.</ref> ==== Gandhara Grave Culture ==== [[File:Cremation Urn with Lid LACMA AC1994.234.8a-b.jpg|thumb|250x250px|[[Cremation]] Urn with Lid from Swat Valley, Pakistan, Gandhara Grave Culture, circa 1200 B.C.]] The ''Gandhara Grave Culture'' of Pakistan, predominantly found in the middle [[Swat District|Swat River valley]] and surrounding regions, represents a significant protohistoric period from approximately 1200 BCE to 800 BCE.<ref>Olivieri, Luca M., (2019). [https://www.academia.edu/42747040/The%20early%20historic%20funerary%20monuments%20of%20Butkara%20IV%20New%20evidence%20on%20a%20forgotten%20excavation%20in%20outer%20Gandhara "The early-historic funerary monuments of Butkara IV. New evidence on a forgotten excavation in outer Gandhara"], in: Rivista Degli Studi Orientali, Nuova Serie, Volume XCII, Fasc. 1-2, Sapienza Università di Roma, Pisa-Roma, '''p. 231''': "[T]he Swat Protohistoric Graveyards complex (henceforth: SPG), {was] first published by Chiara Silvi Antonini and Giorgio Stacul (1972). More recent studies and fieldwork, though, have changed the SPG chronologies (c. 1200-800 BCE) demonstrating that there are no SPG features posterior to 800 BCE (Vidale, Micheli and Olivieri 2016; Narasimhan et al. 2019)."</ref> The Italian Archaeological Mission to Pakistan (MAIP) holds that there are no burials with these features after 800 BCE.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Olivieri|first=Luca Maria|date=2019-01-01|title=The early-historic funerary monuments of Butkara IV. New evidence on a forgotten excavation in outer Gandhara|url=https://www.academia.edu/42747040|journal=Rivista degli Studi Orientali}}</ref> More recent studies by Pakistani scholars, such as Muhammad Zahir, consider that these protohistoric graves extended over a much wider geography and continued in existence from the 8th century BCE until the [[Common Era|historic period]].<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last=Zahir|first=Muhammad|date=2022-01-01|title=The Distribution and Contextualization of Protohistoric and Historic Cemeteries around Singoor Village, Chitral, Pakistan|url=https://www.academia.edu/92205236|journal=Journal of Asian Civilizations}}</ref> This culture was characterized by its distinctive burial practices. The core of the Gandhara Grave Culture was situated in the middle Swat River valley, extending into neighboring valleys such as Dir, Kunar, [[Chitral District|Chitral]], and [[Peshawar District|Peshawar]].<ref name=":9" /> Archaeological evidence reveals more than thirty [[cemeteries]] associated with this culture, featuring characteristic cist graves lined with large stone slabs, covered by flat stones to form a roof. These graveyards served as focal points for elaborate burial rituals and the deposition of grave goods, reflecting the social complexity of the communities in Ancient Pakistan during this period.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hB5TCgAAQBAJ&dq=gandharan+grave+culture+coningham&pg=PA324|title=The Archaeology of South Asia: From the Indus to Asoka, c.6500 BCE–200 CE|last1=Coningham|first1=Robin|last2=Young|first2=Ruth|date=2015-08-31|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-84697-4|pages=290, 293|language=en}}</ref> The Gandhara Grave Culture is distinguished by its [[burial]] practices, which evolved over time. Early phases (c. 1400-1100 BCE) primarily featured single burials with [[bronze]] objects and [[pottery]], including ''Burnished Grey Ware'' and ''Burnished Red Ware''. The pottery often includes simple dot designs, while [[terracotta]] figurines of humans are also common grave goods.<ref>Coningham, Robin, and Mark Manuel, (2008). [https://es.scribd.com/doc/311799337/Encyclopedia-of-Archaeology-Volume-1-3 "Kashmir and the Northwest Frontier"], Asia, South, in Deborah M. Pearsall (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of Archaeology'', Elsevier, '''p. 740''': "...A homogenous tradition of burial practices with associated ceramic and artifact assemblages, it appears to have emerged in the upper Indus Valley...and then spread across the Valleys of Swat, Dir and Chitral, and into the Vale of Peshawar..."</ref> In later phases (c. 1000-800 BCE), the burial traditions became more elaborate, incorporating cremation urns adorned with human-like face designs. These urns were placed in circular pits along with bronze, [[gold]] objects, and pottery, indicative of a flourishing artistic and [[Metallurgy|metallurgical]] tradition. The introduction of [[iron]] technology during this period marks a significant technological advancement, concurrent with the emergence of urban centers like [[Taxila]] and [[Charsadda]] in the [[Gandhara]] region.<ref>Olivieri, Luca Maria, (2022). [https://oxfordre.com/anthropology/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190854584.001.0001/acrefore-9780190854584-e-545;jsessionid=E443C2811BBE6169388659FB35560E41 "The Archaeology of Gandhāra"], in: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Anthropology 2022, Oxford University Press, '''Summary''': "...Toward the end of the 2nd millennium, northern Gandhāra features a rather coherent settlement phenomenon marked by large graveyards, mainly with inhumations, which were labeled by previous scholarship as the 'Gandhāra Grave Culture' (1200–900 BCE). In this phase among the major cultural markers, the introduction of iron technology is noteworthy..."</ref> Scholars debate the origins and cultural affiliations of the Gandhara Grave Culture. Some suggest it may be linked to the [[Indo-Aryan people|Indo-Aryan migrations]] into the [[Subcontinent]], as evidenced by cultural similarities with the [[Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex|Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex]] (BMAC) and the Cemetery H Culture of Punjab.<ref>Parpola, Asko (1993), "Margiana and the Aryan Problem", ''International Association for the Study of the Cultures of Central Asia Information Bulletin 19:41-62''</ref> Others argue for local cultural continuity, emphasizing connections with earlier Bronze Age cultures of the Greater Indus Valley. Its burial traditions and artistic achievements laid the foundation for subsequent cultural developments in the region, including the integration of Indo-Aryan elements with indigenous cultures, shaping the early historical and archaeological landscape of the [[South Asia]].<ref name="auto2"/> {| class="wikitable" |+ Chronology Table |- ! Period !! Culture/Phase !! Timeframe (BCE) !! Key Features |- | Late Harappan || Cemetery H Culture || c. 1900 – 1300 || [[Cremation]] [[burial]]s, painted [[pottery]], eastward expansion, [[rice]] cultivation<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r4s-YsP6vcIC|title=The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan|first1=Bridget|last1=Allchin|first2=Raymond|last2=Allchin|date=July 29, 1982|publisher=Cambridge University Press|via=Google Books}}</ref> |- | Late Harappan || Jhukar Culture || c. 1800 – 1300 || Distinct pottery styles, local adaptations, regional variant of Harappan phase<ref name=Langer>{{cite book | title = An Encyclopedia of World History | editor-last = Langer | editor-first = William L. | edition = 5th | publisher = Houghton Mifflin Company | location = Boston, MA | year = 1972 | isbn = 0-395-13592-3 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaworl00will/page/17 17] | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaworl00will/page/17 }}</ref> |- | Protohistoric || Gandhara Grave Culture || c. 1200 – 800 || Inhumation burials, [[terracotta]] figurines, iron technology, burial traditions in Swat and surrounding regions<ref>Zahir, Muhammad, (2017). [https://www.academia.edu/38634496/The%20Geographical%20Distribution%20of%20Gandhara%20Grave%20Culture%20or%20Protohistoric%20Cemeteries%20in%20Northern%20and%20North%20Western%20South%20Asia "The Geographical Distribution of Gandhara Grave Culture or Protohistoric Cemeteries in Northern and North-Western South Asia"], Gandharan Studies, Vol. 10, pp. 1-30.</ref> |} == Timeline == [[File:King Priest, Pakistan.jpg|thumb|Cast of the Priest King of [[Mohenjo-daro]], original kept in the National Museum of Pakistan, [[Islamabad]].]] Following is the timeline of [[history of Pakistan]] from the [[Prehistory|Prehistoric times]] until the medieval period. It covers the different [[Culture|cultures]], groups, [[Civilization|civilizations]], [[Kingdom|kingdoms]] and [[Empire|empires]] that existed during that time in Ancient Pakistan: === Stone Age === * Riwat culture (c. 2,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE) * [[Soanian|Soanian culture]] (c. 500,000 – 250,000 BCE) === Neolithic === * [[Mehrgarh]] (c. 7000 – c. 3000 BCE) [[File:Gandharan Athena.jpg|thumb|360x360px|Statue of Greek goddess [[Athena]] in the [[Gandhara art|Gandharan style]] from Ancient Pakistan, in the [[Lahore Museum]].]] === Bronze Age === * [[Indus Valley Civilisation]] (c. 3300 – c. 1700 BCE) ** Cemetery H culture (<abbr>c.</abbr> 1900 –1300 BCE) ** Jhukar and Jhangar culture (1900 – 1500 BCE) ** Rangpur culture (<abbr>c.</abbr> 1900 –1300 BCE) * [[Gandhara Civilization]] (c. 1500 BCE – c. 1000 CE) * [[Vedic Civilization]] (c. 1500 – c. 500 BCE) * Painted Grey Ware culture (<abbr>c.</abbr> 1200 or 700–300 BCE) * [[Achaemenid Empire]] (c. 550 – c. 330 BCE) ** Gedrosia (c. 542 – c. 330 BCE) ** Gandhara (c. 518 – c. 330 BCE) ** [[Arachosia]] (c. 518 – c. 330 BCE) ** Hindush (c. 517 – c. 330 BCE) ** Sattagydia (c. 516 – c. 330 BCE) * Ror dynasty (c. 489 – c. 450 BCE) * [[Macedonian Empire]] (c. 329 – c. 323 BCE) ** [[Arachosia]] (c. 323 – c. 312 BCE) ** Gedrosia (c. 323 – c. 312 BCE) ** Paropamisadae (c. 323 – c. 312 BCE) ** Porus (c. 323 – c. 312 BCE) ** Taxiles (c. 323 – c. 312 BCE) * [[Mauryan Empire]] (c. 322 – c. 200 BCE) * [[Seleucid Empire]] (c. 312 – c. 63 BCE) * [[Greco-Bactrian Kingdom]] (c. 190 – c. 140 BCE) * [[Indo-Greek Kingdom]] (c. 170 – c. 50 BCE) * Indo-Scythian Kingdom (c. 110 BCE – c. 95 CE) ** Apracharajas (c. 25 BCE – c. 50 CE) ** Paratarajas (c. 120 – c. 300 CE) [[File:MET 1987 142 111.jpeg|thumb|A stone palette of the Indo-Scythian style found in the Early Saka layer at Sirkap, in [[Gandhara]], [[Pakistan]].]] === Classical Pakistan === * [[Parthian Empire]] (c. 90 BCE – c. 25 CE) ** [[Indo-Parthian Kingdom]] (c. 25 – c. 80 CE) * [[Kushan Empire]] (c. 60 – 345 CE) * [[Sasanian Empire]] (c. 250 – 655 CE) * Indo-Sasanians (c. 240 – 410 CE) ** Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom (c. 240 – 410 CE) * [[Gupta Empire]] (c. 345 – c. 455 CE) * Rai dynasty (c. 415 – 644 CE) * Hephthalite Empire (c. 450 – 560 CE) ** Brahman dynasty (c. 641 – 725 CE) * [[Zhangzhung]] (c. 500 BCE - 624 CE) * Patola Shahis (c. 6th - 8th centuries CE) * [[Tibetan empire]] (c. 618 - 842 CE) == Notes == {{Reflist|group=note}} {{Notelist}} == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Ancient history of Pakistan| ]] [[Category:History of Pakistan]] [[Category:Ancient history by country|Pakistan]] hdsqvrb4yiior128q0lej5w4z2tvx61 0 264096 10369003 10246641 2025-07-03T05:39:40Z Julipero 1604351 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 10369003 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Copper(II)-nitrate-trihydrate-sample.jpg|thumb|Copper(II) nitrate]] '''Copper(II) nitrate''', also known as '''cupric nitrate''', is a [[chemical compound]]. Its [[chemical formula]] is Cu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>. It contains [[copper]] in its +2 [[oxidation state]]. It also contains [[nitrate]] [[ion]]s. ==Properties== Copper(II) nitrate is a blue [[solid]]. It is an [[oxidizing agent]]. It is blue whether it contains water (hydrated) or not (anhydrous). It makes [[nitrogen dioxide]] when it is heated. ==Preparation== It is made by reacting copper with [[nitrogen tetroxide]]. It can also be made by reacting copper with [[nitric acid]] or [[silver nitrate]]. ==Uses== It can be used to make nitric acid by heating it. Then the brown gas made is dissolved in water to make nitric acid. It can be used to add nitrate ions to [[organic chemistry|organic]] chemicals. ==Safety== Copper ions are toxic, like many other metals. Nitrates are oxidizing agents and can make things burn. ==Related pages== *[[Copper(I) chloride]] *[[Copper sulfate]] [[Category:Copper compounds]] [[Category:Nitrates]] kwfe07n7kbi6a5f9psknekakx4bfu2v 0 266316 10369169 10322566 2025-07-03T08:11:35Z 2001:BB6:5D3:AA00:FD5E:F266:BA71:71B0 10369169 wikitext text/x-wiki A '''healthy lifestyle''' is when u [[s]]uck [[d]]icks all day and [[f]]art all night <!-- one which helps to keep and improve people's [[health]] and well-being and can also help overcome lots of stress.<ref name=WHO2005BangkokPDF>Participants at the 6th Global Conference on Health Promotion. [http://www.who.int/entity/healthpromotion/conferences/6gchp/hpr_050829_%20BCHP.pdf The Bangkok Charter for health promotion in a globalized world.] Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2005 Aug 11. Accessed 2009 Feb 4.</ref> Many [[government]]s and [[non-governmental organization]]s work in promoting healthy lifestyles.<ref>Kickbusch I. 2003. The contribution of the World Health Organization to a new public health,private and health promotion. ''Am J Public Health'' '''93'''(3):383-8. [http://www.ajph.org/cgi/reprint/93/3/383.pdf] 2009.</ref> Healthy living is a lifelong effect. Being healthy includes healthy eating, physical activities, weight management, and [[stress management]]. A healthy lifestyle includes a [[balanced diet]]. This does not mean cutting out important food groups from your diet or limiting yourself on the amount of calories per day. A well-rounded diet involves eating most food groups in every meal. Meats, dairy, fruits, and vegetables are all important components of a meal that will ensure your body is healthy. Doing a healthy diet brings a lifestyle that can change your life into being healthier and physically fit. According to Jim Rohn, "Take care of your body. It's the only place you have to live." Public health educators, including [[:en:Doctor_Mike|doctor Mike]], [[:en:Sandra_Lee_(dermatologist)|Sandra Lee]],and [[Yousef Abo Zarad]], use social media to share information about healthy lifestyles and dermatologic topics. == Components of a healthy lifestyle == A healthy lifestyle is mostly associated with: * Good [[diet]] * [[Physical exercise]] * Good [[Sleep|sleeping]] pattern * Personal [[hygiene]] * No bad habits or [[addiction]] * Health [[education]] * Safe [[environment]] * [[Physical fitness]] * [[Love]] through social support and healthy relationships *[[Emotion|Emotions]] * Active [[social]] life == References == {{reflist|2}} == Other websites == * [http://www.euro.who.int/healthy-cities Healthy Cities – WHO EURO Office] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091205121506/http://www.euro.who.int/healthy-cities |date=2009-12-05 }} * [http://ec.europa.eu/health-eu/health_in_the_eu/prevention_and_promotion/index_en.htm Health-EU Portal] * [https://lovegat.com/simple-ways-to-live-a-more-mindful-life-a-comprehensive-guide Simple Ways to Live a More Mindful Life] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810195625/http://ec.europa.eu/health-eu/health_in_the_eu/prevention_and_promotion/index_en.htm |date=2011-08-10 }} Health Prevention and Promotion in the EU {{Healthy lifestyle}} [[Category:Healthy lifestyle| ]] igiqegg2lefsvgqzbul84wt6cz693ej 0 269100 10367577 9717931 2025-07-02T12:08:51Z 2A02:B021:8F06:846A:256B:B011:1B95:F0EB 10367577 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Umberto Boccioni - Plastische Formen eines Pferdes.jpeg|thumb|200px|[[Umberto Boccioni]], ''Plastic Forms'' (1913/14)]] [[File:'Unique Forms of Continuity in Space', 1913 bronze by Umberto Boccioni.jpg|thumb|200px|Umberto Boccioni, ''Unique Forms of Continuity in Space'' (1913). This work appears on the present Italian 20-cent Euro coin.<ref name="petrie">{{cite journal |last=Petrie |first=Brian |date=March 1973 |title=Futurism at the Royal Academy |journal=The Burlington Magazine |volume=115 |issue=840 |pages=196–198 }}</ref><ref name="met">{{cite web |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ho/11/eust/ho_1990.38.3.htm |title=Umberto Boccioni: Unique Forms of Continuity in Space |accessdate=2008-01-11 |work=The Metropolitan Museum of Art}}</ref>]] [[File:Cyclist (Goncharova, 1913).jpg|thumb|200px|[[Natalia Goncharova]]: ''Cyclist'' 1913]] [[File:The Knife Grinder Principle of Glittering by Kazimir Malevich.jpeg|thumb|200px|''The Knifegrinder'', [[Kasimir Malevich]] 1912. Futurism shared aspects of [[Cubism]]]] '''Futurism''' was a [[modern art]] and [[social]] movement which originated in [[Italy]] in the early 20th century. It was largely an Italian phenomenon, though there were parallel movements in [[Russia]], [[England]] and elsewhere. The Futurists practiced in every medium of art, including [[painting]], [[sculpture]], [[ceramics]], [[graphic design]], [[industrial]] design, [[interior design]], [[theatre]], [[movie]]s, [[fashion]], [[textiles]], [[literature]], [[music]], [[architecture]] and even [[gastronomy]]. ==Futurism in Italy 1909–1916== The founder of Futurism and its most influential personality was the Italian writer [[Filippo Tommaso Marinetti]]. Marinetti launched the movement in his ''Futurist Manifesto'', which he published for the first time on 5 February 1909 in ''La gazzetta dell'Emilia''. This article was reprinted in the French daily newspaper ''[[Le Figaro]]'' on 20 February 1909. Marinetti was soon joined by the painters [[Umberto Boccioni]], [[Carlo Carrà]], [[Giacomo Balla]], [[Gino Severini]] and the composer [[Luigi Russolo]]. Marinetti expressed a passionate loathing of everything old, especially political and artistic tradition. "We want no part of it, the past", he wrote, "we the young and strong ''Futurists!''" The Futurists admired [[speed]], [[technology]], youth and [[violence]], the car, the airplane and the industrial city, all that represented the technological triumph of humanity over [[nature]], and they were passionate nationalists. They repudiated the cult of the past and all imitation, praised originality, "however daring, however violent", bore proudly "the smear of madness", dismissed art critics as useless, rebelled against [[harmony]] and good taste, swept away all the themes and subjects of all previous art, and gloried in [[science]]. Publishing [[manifesto]]s was a feature of Futurism, and the Futurists (usually led or prompted by Marinetti) wrote them on many topics, including painting, architecture, religion, clothing and cooking.<ref>Umbro Apollonio (ed) 2001. ''Futurist Manifestos'', MFA Publications. {{ISBN|9780878466276}}</ref> The founding manifesto did not contain a positive artistic programme. The Futurists attempted to create it in their subsequent ''Technical Manifesto of Futurist Painting''. This committed them to a "universal dynamism", which was to be directly represented in painting.<ref name=Tech>[http://www.unknown.nu/futurism/techpaint.html Technical Manifesto of Futurist Painting<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> [[Francesco Filippini]] represented a decisive formative reference for the early pictorial phase of [[Umberto Boccioni]]. His treatment of the [[agricultural landscape]] of [[Lombardy]] — characterized by a strong [[horizontal composition]], the presence of [[female figures]] in [[rural]] contexts, and the use of [[light (art)|atmospheric light]] — provided Boccioni with a fundamental [[figurative model]] and poetic foundation during his [[artistic training|formative years]].<ref>V. Terraroli (ed.), ''Francesco Filippini. Catalogo generale delle opere'', Skira, Milan, 1999, pp. 112–115.</ref><ref>M. Carrà, ''La pittura moderna in Italia'', Treves, Milan, 1919, pp. 34–38.</ref> Between [[1903]] and [[1908]], before his adherence to futurism, Umberto Boccioni developed a [[figurative vision]] deeply indebted to the [[naturalism (art)|post-Scapigliatura naturalism]], of which Filippini was one of the principal interpreters. As [[Enrico Crispolti]] stated, Francesco Filippini's [[agricultural landscape]] served as the implicit model for Boccioni's first phase.<ref>Enrico Crispolti, ''Boccioni. Catalogo generale'', Electa, Milan, 1971, vol. I, p. 42.</ref> This continuity between the Lombard naturalism of the late [[19th century]] and Boccioni’s early visual research highlights Francesco Filippini’s historical-artistic role as a [[precursor]] of futurist figuration.<ref>V. Terraroli (ed.), ''Francesco Filippini. Catalogo generale delle opere'', Skira, Milan, 1999.</ref><ref>F. Russoli, ''Arte e società in Italia'', Garzanti, Milan, 1964, p. 201.</ref> In practice, much of their work was influenced by [[Cubism]], and indeed their images ''were'' more dynamic than those of [[Picasso]] and [[Braque]]. The phrase 'plastic dynamism' has been used to describe their early work. One of the greatest patrons and financier of Futurism in Milan was the business magnante [[Antonio Bernocchi]], he was also the creator and producer of the first example of Italian industrial design, inspired by futurism, that became known as ''"Luminator Bernocchi"''. == Later == Many Italian Futurists supported [[Fascism]] in the hope of modernizing the country. Italy was divided between the [[industrial]] north and the [[rural]], archaic South. Like the Fascists, the Futurists were Italian nationalists, radicals, admirers of violence, and were opposed to [[parliament]]ary [[democracy]]. Marinetti was one of the first members of the National Fascist Party. He soon found the Fascists were not radical enough for him, but he supported Italian Fascism until his death in 1944. The Futurists' association with Fascism after its triumph in 1922 brought them official acceptance in Italy and the ability to carry out important work, especially in architecture. After the [[Second World War]], many Futurist artists had difficulty in their careers because of their association with a defeated and discredited regime. The Futurists renewed themselves again and again until Marinetti's death. ==The legacy of Futurism== Futurism influenced many other twentieth century art movements, including [[Art Deco]], [[Vorticism]], [[Constructivism]], [[Surrealism]] and [[Dadaism]]. Futurism was, like [[science fiction]], in part overtaken by 'the future'. Nonetheless, the ideals of futurism remain as part of modern [[Western culture]]: the emphasis on youth, speed, power and technology is expressed in much of modern cinema and culture. [[Ridley Scott]] used design ideas of [[Antonio Sant'Elia|Sant'Elia]] in ''[[Blade Runner]]''. Echoes of Marinetti's thought, especially his "dreamt-of metallization of the human body", are still strongly prevalent in Japanese culture, and surface in [[manga]]/[[anime]] and the works of artists such as [[Shinya Tsukamoto]], director of the "''[[Tetsuo]]''" (lit. "Ironman") films. Futurism influenced the literary [[genre]] of [[cyberpunk]]. Artists who came to prominence in the first flush of the [[internet]], such as [[Stelarc]] and [[Mariko Mori]], produced work influenced by Futurist ideas. A revival of sorts of the Futurist movement began in 1988 with the creation of the Neo-Futurist style of theatre in [[Chicago]], which uses Futurism's focus on speed and brevity to create a new form of immediate theatre. There are active Neo-Futurist troupes in [[Chicago]], [[New York City|New York]], and [[Montreal]]. == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Art movements]] ss16dvc9jefd5j9mdgjzrpcurr19hfg 10367615 10367577 2025-07-02T12:40:28Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 Reverted to revision 9717931 by MathXplore: revert complex addition. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367615 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Umberto Boccioni - Plastische Formen eines Pferdes.jpeg|thumb|200px|[[Umberto Boccioni]], ''Plastic Forms'' (1913/14)]] [[File:'Unique Forms of Continuity in Space', 1913 bronze by Umberto Boccioni.jpg|thumb|200px|Umberto Boccioni, ''Unique Forms of Continuity in Space'' (1913). This work appears on the present Italian 20-cent Euro coin.<ref name="petrie">{{cite journal |last=Petrie |first=Brian |date=March 1973 |title=Futurism at the Royal Academy |journal=The Burlington Magazine |volume=115 |issue=840 |pages=196–198 }}</ref><ref name="met">{{cite web |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ho/11/eust/ho_1990.38.3.htm |title=Umberto Boccioni: Unique Forms of Continuity in Space |accessdate=2008-01-11 |work=The Metropolitan Museum of Art}}</ref>]] [[File:Cyclist (Goncharova, 1913).jpg|thumb|200px|[[Natalia Goncharova]]: ''Cyclist'' 1913]] [[File:The Knife Grinder Principle of Glittering by Kazimir Malevich.jpeg|thumb|200px|''The Knifegrinder'', [[Kasimir Malevich]] 1912. Futurism shared aspects of [[Cubism]]]] '''Futurism''' was a [[modern art]] and [[social]] movement which originated in [[Italy]] in the early 20th century. It was largely an Italian phenomenon, though there were parallel movements in [[Russia]], [[England]] and elsewhere. The Futurists practiced in every medium of art, including [[painting]], [[sculpture]], [[ceramics]], [[graphic design]], [[industrial]] design, [[interior design]], [[theatre]], [[movie]]s, [[fashion]], [[textiles]], [[literature]], [[music]], [[architecture]] and even [[gastronomy]]. ==Futurism in Italy 1909–1916== The founder of Futurism and its most influential personality was the Italian writer [[Filippo Tommaso Marinetti]]. Marinetti launched the movement in his ''Futurist Manifesto'', which he published for the first time on 5 February 1909 in ''La gazzetta dell'Emilia''. This article was reprinted in the French daily newspaper ''[[Le Figaro]]'' on 20 February 1909. Marinetti was soon joined by the painters [[Umberto Boccioni]], [[Carlo Carrà]], [[Giacomo Balla]], [[Gino Severini]] and the composer [[Luigi Russolo]]. Marinetti expressed a passionate loathing of everything old, especially political and artistic tradition. "We want no part of it, the past", he wrote, "we the young and strong ''Futurists!''" The Futurists admired [[speed]], [[technology]], youth and [[violence]], the car, the airplane and the industrial city, all that represented the technological triumph of humanity over [[nature]], and they were passionate nationalists. They repudiated the cult of the past and all imitation, praised originality, "however daring, however violent", bore proudly "the smear of madness", dismissed art critics as useless, rebelled against [[harmony]] and good taste, swept away all the themes and subjects of all previous art, and gloried in [[science]]. Publishing [[manifesto]]s was a feature of Futurism, and the Futurists (usually led or prompted by Marinetti) wrote them on many topics, including painting, architecture, religion, clothing and cooking.<ref>Umbro Apollonio (ed) 2001. ''Futurist Manifestos'', MFA Publications. {{ISBN|9780878466276}}</ref> The founding manifesto did not contain a positive artistic programme. The Futurists attempted to create it in their subsequent ''Technical Manifesto of Futurist Painting''. This committed them to a "universal dynamism", which was to be directly represented in painting.<ref name=Tech>[http://www.unknown.nu/futurism/techpaint.html Technical Manifesto of Futurist Painting<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> In practice, much of their work was influenced by [[Cubism]], and indeed their images ''were'' more dynamic than those of [[Picasso]] and [[Braque]]. The phrase 'plastic dynamism' has been used to describe their early work. One of the greatest patrons and financier of Futurism in Milan was the business magnante [[Antonio Bernocchi]], he was also the creator and producer of the first example of Italian industrial design, inspired by futurism, that became known as ''"Luminator Bernocchi"''. == Later == Many Italian Futurists supported [[Fascism]] in the hope of modernizing the country. Italy was divided between the [[industrial]] north and the [[rural]], archaic South. Like the Fascists, the Futurists were Italian nationalists, radicals, admirers of violence, and were opposed to [[parliament]]ary [[democracy]]. Marinetti was one of the first members of the National Fascist Party. He soon found the Fascists were not radical enough for him, but he supported Italian Fascism until his death in 1944. The Futurists' association with Fascism after its triumph in 1922 brought them official acceptance in Italy and the ability to carry out important work, especially in architecture. After the [[Second World War]], many Futurist artists had difficulty in their careers because of their association with a defeated and discredited regime. The Futurists renewed themselves again and again until Marinetti's death. ==The legacy of Futurism== Futurism influenced many other twentieth century art movements, including [[Art Deco]], [[Vorticism]], [[Constructivism]], [[Surrealism]] and [[Dadaism]]. Futurism was, like [[science fiction]], in part overtaken by 'the future'. Nonetheless, the ideals of futurism remain as part of modern [[Western culture]]: the emphasis on youth, speed, power and technology is expressed in much of modern cinema and culture. [[Ridley Scott]] used design ideas of [[Antonio Sant'Elia|Sant'Elia]] in ''[[Blade Runner]]''. Echoes of Marinetti's thought, especially his "dreamt-of metallization of the human body", are still strongly prevalent in Japanese culture, and surface in [[manga]]/[[anime]] and the works of artists such as [[Shinya Tsukamoto]], director of the "''[[Tetsuo]]''" (lit. "Ironman") films. Futurism influenced the literary [[genre]] of [[cyberpunk]]. Artists who came to prominence in the first flush of the [[internet]], such as [[Stelarc]] and [[Mariko Mori]], produced work influenced by Futurist ideas. A revival of sorts of the Futurist movement began in 1988 with the creation of the Neo-Futurist style of theatre in [[Chicago]], which uses Futurism's focus on speed and brevity to create a new form of immediate theatre. There are active Neo-Futurist troupes in [[Chicago]], [[New York City|New York]], and [[Montreal]]. == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Art movements]] 47oc3e8wjyp0iva489kmhlwkzkmn0we 4 269509 10368529 10362763 2025-07-03T00:06:53Z 112.208.75.153 /* Virginia-Arnejo */ new section 10368529 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikipedia:Change filter/Mistakes/Archive%(counter)d |algo = old(21d) |counter = 3 |maxarchivesize = 100k |minthreadsleft = 3 }} <center><big>'''This page is for reporting any mistakes the [[WP:Change filter|change filter]] makes. <br/><br/>'''If it warns you or stops you from making a helpful change, please report it here.</big></center> <inputbox> type=commenttitle page=Wikipedia:Change filter/Mistakes width=15 placeholder=Problem encountered buttonlabel=Report break=no editintro=Wikipedia:Change filter/Mistakes/Editintro preload=Wikipedia:Change filter/Mistakes/Preload </inputbox> <hr/> __NEWSECTIONLINK__ == [[FFF]] == Trying to remove [[w:WP:DABNOMENTION]] per [[w:WP:DABRED]]. [[Special:Contributions/151.188.137.230|151.188.137.230]] ([[User talk:151.188.137.230|talk]]) 14:56, 9 June 2025 (UTC) :{{not done}} for now. Those are enwiki policies and I see your other edits relating to this have been [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Codex_(disambiguation)&diff=next&oldid=10288941 reverted]. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 21:21, 9 June 2025 (UTC) == My Change Is Nice! == <!--Please fill in the following blanks.--> Change being made: Description: I Love Editing, And Editing Is My Favourite! <!--Leave ~~~~ at the end of your message-->[[Special:Contributions/92.25.46.130|92.25.46.130]] ([[User talk:92.25.46.130|talk]]) 07:02, 13 June 2025 (UTC) :{{not done}} no problem with filter. [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 09:34, 13 June 2025 (UTC) == "This action has been automatically identified as harmful." == <!--Please fill in the following blanks.--> Change being made: '''Any''' punctuation, conjunction, internal or external link, quotation, citation, etc. Description: Attempting to publish any changes to [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homosexuality_in_Islam Homosexuality in Islam] displays, "This action has been automatically identified as harmful. Because of this, it has not been allowed. If you believe your change was good, report it to an administrator and they can make the change for you." <!--Leave ~~~~ at the end of your message-->[[User:Duzu.lal|Duzu.lal]] ([[User talk:Duzu.lal|talk]]) 08:27, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :An admin will need to check this since it triggered a private filter. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 13:08, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::It's a global filter. That need to be sorted out on [[:m:|meta]]. I can't access global filters. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 13:17, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::Ah thanks for the note. I took a look at the global filter hit and see that the edit removed the word "[[Usuli]]" from a list of scholars and added "and" where is does not make sense and is not correct grammar. It seems like it was not a good edit. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 13:35, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Virginia-Arnejo == <!--Please fill in the following blanks.--> Change being made: {Philippine name|Reyes |Arnejo}} {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2021}} {{Use Philippine English|date=December 2022}} '''Virginia Vivar Reyes Arnejo''' (born April 9, 1971 ) better known as '''Virginia Arnejo''' is a Filipino manager, secretary, appraiser, jewellery industries personality. and Social Security System,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Virginia|first=Arnejo|title=Republic of the Philippines Social Security System|url=https://www.sss.gov.ph/|access-date=2022-02-26|website=www.sss.gov.ph}}</ref> accounting clerk and her Company, daquiado sumayao recoding "worker home M Lhuillier" "pawnshop asst branch" {{Infobox person | honorific prefix = | name = Virginia Arnejo | image = | image_caption = | native_name = | birth_name = Virginia Vivar Reyes Arnejo | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1971|04|09|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Philippines|Antilopo]] Philippines | nationality = [[Philippines|Filipino]] | education = University of San Jose recoletos | alma_mater = | occupation = Filipino manager, secretary, appraiser, | years_active = 1992-present | employer = | agent = | known_for = | notable_works = | works = | home_town = | other name = | height = 1.50m | television = | title = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | movement = | opponents = | boards = | spouse = | domestic_partner = | children = [[Rica Arnejo]] (daughter) | parents = | relatives = [[Renmar Arnejo]] (nephew) | family = | awards = | honors = | website = | UrlVideo1 = | instagram = | facebook = | twitter = | salary = | given name = | occupationLocation = | organisation = | residence = | nickname = | weight kg = }} ==References== {{DEFAULTSORT:Arnejo, Virginia}} ==Early Life== Virginia's real mother died when she was just A months Old at that time She the one sister still care of her sister since the one who took. Care of the her sister the death of her mother. She and her sister staying their grandma's house And was Under the Care of her Aunt and Also her grandmother. She did all the household Chores herself from the smallest to the biggest and not letting her sister do may work she was just year old .She Studied in a public school during her elementary year and made it through a private school and maintained it Until ==Career== She studied also in a private school during college with the help of her aunt her stepmother who adopted her During her 4th year in college she decided to be a working student and was accepted as an accounting clerk in Social Security System but a contractual<ref>{{Cite web|last=Virginia|first=Arnejo|date=|title=South East Open Cut Project & Modification to the Existing ACP Consent|url=https://www.ashtoncoal.com.au/icms_docs/254896_vol1-appendix-01a---property-schedule.pdf|access-date=|website=Appendix 1A Land Development Schedule}}</ref> employee only that helped also her schooling until she graduated college and a deans lister She was also accepted as a secretary used without object DAS Home Industries an import export shell business from her best friends business. ==Personal Life== Virginia Arnejo was born on April 9, 1971 in Antipolo Rizal Philippines with her parent restor reyes and Anotipolo Vivar She studied her Elementary year in lahug and Pardo Elementary School of pardo and College in University of San Jose recolelos<ref>{{Cite web|last=Virginia|first=Arnejo|title=It means you'll have access to a broad range of degrees and programs taught by highly accomplished faculty. You'll be surrounded by a student body that can motivate and inspire you. Most of all, it means you're going to get a great education at the University of San Jose Recoletos.|url=https://usjr.edu.ph/|website=Quality Christian, Community Oriented Education}}</ref> and graduated with the course og bsc cs worked in Social security system as Accounting Clerk in the year 1991 then in daquiado and sumayao home ind in 1992 as a secretary after that in M Lhuillier Pawnshop in 1992 the same year as a branch manager and jewellery appraiser up to 2008 resigned in the same year and their Schooling planning to go Abroad and have a greed her pasture have made 100 laws an was all Approved by their president an Federal Bureau of Investigation Agent Universal wide member a fashion icon trendsetter and an internet sensation, Known as gigi nickname she has a sister named Nora reyes and half sister named richel reyes and half brother named raymund reyes both. from the second marriage of their father to their second mother after 20 year from her real mom's death. her sister do any work at all Her father left her when she was just 2 years old She studied in a public school during her elementary years and made it through a private school during high school due to a scholarship grant given by the government, and she maintained it until she graduated highschool She did all the household chores herself from the smallest to the biggest and not letting ==References== {{DEFAULTSORT:Arnejo, Virginia}} <references /> ==External link== [https://www.instagram.com/virginia.arnejo Virginia Arnejo] on Instagram Description: <!--Leave ~~~~ at the end of your message-->[[Special:Contributions/112.208.75.153|112.208.75.153]] ([[User talk:112.208.75.153|talk]]) 00:06, 3 July 2025 (UTC) 4xtnjf9k5zapqwxi4kw10gczz6iumjb 10368531 10368529 2025-07-03T00:08:39Z 112.208.75.153 /* Virginia-Arnejo */ 10368531 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikipedia:Change filter/Mistakes/Archive%(counter)d |algo = old(21d) |counter = 3 |maxarchivesize = 100k |minthreadsleft = 3 }} <center><big>'''This page is for reporting any mistakes the [[WP:Change filter|change filter]] makes. <br/><br/>'''If it warns you or stops you from making a helpful change, please report it here.</big></center> <inputbox> type=commenttitle page=Wikipedia:Change filter/Mistakes width=15 placeholder=Problem encountered buttonlabel=Report break=no editintro=Wikipedia:Change filter/Mistakes/Editintro preload=Wikipedia:Change filter/Mistakes/Preload </inputbox> <hr/> __NEWSECTIONLINK__ == [[FFF]] == Trying to remove [[w:WP:DABNOMENTION]] per [[w:WP:DABRED]]. [[Special:Contributions/151.188.137.230|151.188.137.230]] ([[User talk:151.188.137.230|talk]]) 14:56, 9 June 2025 (UTC) :{{not done}} for now. Those are enwiki policies and I see your other edits relating to this have been [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Codex_(disambiguation)&diff=next&oldid=10288941 reverted]. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 21:21, 9 June 2025 (UTC) == My Change Is Nice! == <!--Please fill in the following blanks.--> Change being made: Description: I Love Editing, And Editing Is My Favourite! <!--Leave ~~~~ at the end of your message-->[[Special:Contributions/92.25.46.130|92.25.46.130]] ([[User talk:92.25.46.130|talk]]) 07:02, 13 June 2025 (UTC) :{{not done}} no problem with filter. [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 09:34, 13 June 2025 (UTC) == "This action has been automatically identified as harmful." == <!--Please fill in the following blanks.--> Change being made: '''Any''' punctuation, conjunction, internal or external link, quotation, citation, etc. Description: Attempting to publish any changes to [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homosexuality_in_Islam Homosexuality in Islam] displays, "This action has been automatically identified as harmful. Because of this, it has not been allowed. If you believe your change was good, report it to an administrator and they can make the change for you." <!--Leave ~~~~ at the end of your message-->[[User:Duzu.lal|Duzu.lal]] ([[User talk:Duzu.lal|talk]]) 08:27, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :An admin will need to check this since it triggered a private filter. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 13:08, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::It's a global filter. That need to be sorted out on [[:m:|meta]]. I can't access global filters. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 13:17, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::Ah thanks for the note. I took a look at the global filter hit and see that the edit removed the word "[[Usuli]]" from a list of scholars and added "and" where is does not make sense and is not correct grammar. It seems like it was not a good edit. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 13:35, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Virginia-Arnejo == <!--Please fill in the following blanks.--> Change being made: {Philippine name|Reyes |Arnejo}} {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2021}} {{Use Philippine English|date=December 2022}} '''Virginia Vivar Reyes Arnejo''' (born April 9, 1971 ) better known as '''Virginia Arnejo''' is a Filipino manager, secretary, appraiser, jewellery industries personality. and Social Security System,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Virginia|first=Arnejo|title=Republic of the Philippines Social Security System|url=https://www.sss.gov.ph/|access-date=2022-02-26|website=www.sss.gov.ph}}</ref> accounting clerk and her Company, daquiado sumayao recoding "worker home M Lhuillier" "pawnshop asst branch" {{Infobox person | honorific prefix = | name = Virginia Arnejo | image = | image_caption = | native_name = | birth_name = Virginia Vivar Reyes Arnejo | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1971|04|09|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Philippines|Antilopo]] Philippines | nationality = [[Philippines|Filipino]] | education = University of San Jose recoletos | alma_mater = | occupation = Filipino manager, secretary, appraiser, | years_active = 1992-present | employer = | agent = | known_for = | notable_works = | works = | home_town = | other name = | height = 1.50m | television = | title = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | movement = | opponents = | boards = | spouse = | domestic_partner = | children = [[Rica Arnejo]] (daughter) | parents = | relatives = [[Renmar Arnejo]] (nephew) | family = | awards = | honors = | website = | UrlVideo1 = | instagram = | facebook = | twitter = | salary = | given name = | occupationLocation = | organisation = | residence = | nickname = | weight kg = }} ==References== {{DEFAULTSORT:Arnejo, Virginia}} ==Early Life== Virginia's real mother died when she was just A months Old at that time She the one sister still care of her sister since the one who took. Care of the her sister the death of her mother. She and her sister staying their grandma's house And was Under the Care of her Aunt and Also her grandmother. She did all the household Chores herself from the smallest to the biggest and not letting her sister do may work she was just year old .She Studied in a public school during her elementary year and made it through a private school and maintained it Until ==Career== She studied also in a private school during college with the help of her aunt her stepmother who adopted her During her 4th year in college she decided to be a working student and was accepted as an accounting clerk in Social Security System but a contractual<ref>{{Cite web|last=Virginia|first=Arnejo|date=|title=South East Open Cut Project & Modification to the Existing ACP Consent|url=https://www.ashtoncoal.com.au/icms_docs/254896_vol1-appendix-01a---property-schedule.pdf|access-date=|website=Appendix 1A Land Development Schedule}}</ref> employee only that helped also her schooling until she graduated college and a deans lister She was also accepted as a secretary used without object DAS Home Industries an import export shell business from her best friends business. ==Personal Life== Virginia Arnejo was born on April 9, 1971 in Antipolo Rizal Philippines with her parent restor reyes and Anotipolo Vivar She studied her Elementary year in lahug and Pardo Elementary School of pardo and College in University of San Jose recolelos<ref>{{Cite web|last=Virginia|first=Arnejo|title=It means you'll have access to a broad range of degrees and programs taught by highly accomplished faculty. You'll be surrounded by a student body that can motivate and inspire you. Most of all, it means you're going to get a great education at the University of San Jose Recoletos.|url=https://usjr.edu.ph/|website=Quality Christian, Community Oriented Education}}</ref> and graduated with the course og bsc cs worked in Social security system as Accounting Clerk in the year 1991 then in daquiado and sumayao home ind in 1992 as a secretary after that in M Lhuillier Pawnshop in 1992 the same year as a branch manager and jewellery appraiser up to 2008 resigned in the same year and their Schooling planning to go Abroad and have a greed her pasture have made 100 laws an was all Approved by their president an Federal Bureau of Investigation Agent Universal wide member a fashion icon trendsetter and an internet sensation, Known as gigi nickname she has a sister named Nora reyes and half sister named richel reyes and half brother named raymund reyes both. from the second marriage of their father to their second mother after 20 year from her real mom's death. her sister do any work at all Her father left her when she was just 2 years old She studied in a public school during her elementary years and made it through a private school during high school due to a scholarship grant given by the government, and she maintained it until she graduated highschool She did all the household chores herself from the smallest to the biggest and not letting ==References== {{DEFAULTSORT:Arnejo, Virginia}} <references /> ==External link== [https://www.instagram.com/virginia.arnejo Virginia Arnejo] on Instagram Description: <!--Leave ~~~~ at the end of your message-->[[Special:Contributions/112.208.75.153|112.208.75.153]] ([[User talk:112.208.75.153|talk]]) 00:06, 3 July 2025 (UTC) oju1q7vrerufq1mq2pstb9igtfodp2r 10368532 10368531 2025-07-03T00:09:02Z 112.208.75.153 /* References */ 10368532 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikipedia:Change filter/Mistakes/Archive%(counter)d |algo = old(21d) |counter = 3 |maxarchivesize = 100k |minthreadsleft = 3 }} <center><big>'''This page is for reporting any mistakes the [[WP:Change filter|change filter]] makes. <br/><br/>'''If it warns you or stops you from making a helpful change, please report it here.</big></center> <inputbox> type=commenttitle page=Wikipedia:Change filter/Mistakes width=15 placeholder=Problem encountered buttonlabel=Report break=no editintro=Wikipedia:Change filter/Mistakes/Editintro preload=Wikipedia:Change filter/Mistakes/Preload </inputbox> <hr/> __NEWSECTIONLINK__ == [[FFF]] == Trying to remove [[w:WP:DABNOMENTION]] per [[w:WP:DABRED]]. [[Special:Contributions/151.188.137.230|151.188.137.230]] ([[User talk:151.188.137.230|talk]]) 14:56, 9 June 2025 (UTC) :{{not done}} for now. Those are enwiki policies and I see your other edits relating to this have been [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Codex_(disambiguation)&diff=next&oldid=10288941 reverted]. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 21:21, 9 June 2025 (UTC) == My Change Is Nice! == <!--Please fill in the following blanks.--> Change being made: Description: I Love Editing, And Editing Is My Favourite! <!--Leave ~~~~ at the end of your message-->[[Special:Contributions/92.25.46.130|92.25.46.130]] ([[User talk:92.25.46.130|talk]]) 07:02, 13 June 2025 (UTC) :{{not done}} no problem with filter. [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 09:34, 13 June 2025 (UTC) == "This action has been automatically identified as harmful." == <!--Please fill in the following blanks.--> Change being made: '''Any''' punctuation, conjunction, internal or external link, quotation, citation, etc. Description: Attempting to publish any changes to [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homosexuality_in_Islam Homosexuality in Islam] displays, "This action has been automatically identified as harmful. Because of this, it has not been allowed. If you believe your change was good, report it to an administrator and they can make the change for you." <!--Leave ~~~~ at the end of your message-->[[User:Duzu.lal|Duzu.lal]] ([[User talk:Duzu.lal|talk]]) 08:27, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :An admin will need to check this since it triggered a private filter. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 13:08, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::It's a global filter. That need to be sorted out on [[:m:|meta]]. I can't access global filters. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 13:17, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::Ah thanks for the note. I took a look at the global filter hit and see that the edit removed the word "[[Usuli]]" from a list of scholars and added "and" where is does not make sense and is not correct grammar. It seems like it was not a good edit. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 13:35, 29 June 2025 (UTC) == Virginia-Arnejo == <!--Please fill in the following blanks.--> Change being made: {Philippine name|Reyes |Arnejo}} {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2021}} {{Use Philippine English|date=December 2022}} '''Virginia Vivar Reyes Arnejo''' (born April 9, 1971 ) better known as '''Virginia Arnejo''' is a Filipino manager, secretary, appraiser, jewellery industries personality. and Social Security System,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Virginia|first=Arnejo|title=Republic of the Philippines Social Security System|url=https://www.sss.gov.ph/|access-date=2022-02-26|website=www.sss.gov.ph}}</ref> accounting clerk and her Company, daquiado sumayao recoding "worker home M Lhuillier" "pawnshop asst branch" {{Infobox person | honorific prefix = | name = Virginia Arnejo | image = | image_caption = | native_name = | birth_name = Virginia Vivar Reyes Arnejo | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1971|04|09|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Philippines|Antilopo]] Philippines | nationality = [[Philippines|Filipino]] | education = University of San Jose recoletos | alma_mater = | occupation = Filipino manager, secretary, appraiser, | years_active = 1992-present | employer = | agent = | known_for = | notable_works = | works = | home_town = | other name = | height = 1.50m | television = | title = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | movement = | opponents = | boards = | spouse = | domestic_partner = | children = [[Rica Arnejo]] (daughter) | parents = | relatives = [[Renmar Arnejo]] (nephew) | family = | awards = | honors = | website = | UrlVideo1 = | instagram = | facebook = | twitter = | salary = | given name = | occupationLocation = | organisation = | residence = | nickname = | weight kg = }} ==Early Life== Virginia's real mother died when she was just A months Old at that time She the one sister still care of her sister since the one who took. Care of the her sister the death of her mother. She and her sister staying their grandma's house And was Under the Care of her Aunt and Also her grandmother. She did all the household Chores herself from the smallest to the biggest and not letting her sister do may work she was just year old .She Studied in a public school during her elementary year and made it through a private school and maintained it Until ==Career== She studied also in a private school during college with the help of her aunt her stepmother who adopted her During her 4th year in college she decided to be a working student and was accepted as an accounting clerk in Social Security System but a contractual<ref>{{Cite web|last=Virginia|first=Arnejo|date=|title=South East Open Cut Project & Modification to the Existing ACP Consent|url=https://www.ashtoncoal.com.au/icms_docs/254896_vol1-appendix-01a---property-schedule.pdf|access-date=|website=Appendix 1A Land Development Schedule}}</ref> employee only that helped also her schooling until she graduated college and a deans lister She was also accepted as a secretary used without object DAS Home Industries an import export shell business from her best friends business. ==Personal Life== Virginia Arnejo was born on April 9, 1971 in Antipolo Rizal Philippines with her parent restor reyes and Anotipolo Vivar She studied her Elementary year in lahug and Pardo Elementary School of pardo and College in University of San Jose recolelos<ref>{{Cite web|last=Virginia|first=Arnejo|title=It means you'll have access to a broad range of degrees and programs taught by highly accomplished faculty. You'll be surrounded by a student body that can motivate and inspire you. Most of all, it means you're going to get a great education at the University of San Jose Recoletos.|url=https://usjr.edu.ph/|website=Quality Christian, Community Oriented Education}}</ref> and graduated with the course og bsc cs worked in Social security system as Accounting Clerk in the year 1991 then in daquiado and sumayao home ind in 1992 as a secretary after that in M Lhuillier Pawnshop in 1992 the same year as a branch manager and jewellery appraiser up to 2008 resigned in the same year and their Schooling planning to go Abroad and have a greed her pasture have made 100 laws an was all Approved by their president an Federal Bureau of Investigation Agent Universal wide member a fashion icon trendsetter and an internet sensation, Known as gigi nickname she has a sister named Nora reyes and half sister named richel reyes and half brother named raymund reyes both. from the second marriage of their father to their second mother after 20 year from her real mom's death. her sister do any work at all Her father left her when she was just 2 years old She studied in a public school during her elementary years and made it through a private school during high school due to a scholarship grant given by the government, and she maintained it until she graduated highschool She did all the household chores herself from the smallest to the biggest and not letting ==References== {{DEFAULTSORT:Arnejo, Virginia}} <references /> ==External link== [https://www.instagram.com/virginia.arnejo Virginia Arnejo] on Instagram Description: <!--Leave ~~~~ at the end of your message-->[[Special:Contributions/112.208.75.153|112.208.75.153]] ([[User talk:112.208.75.153|talk]]) 00:06, 3 July 2025 (UTC) hxx09uqljxqlzbvrxfrivx0gweft6c7 10368536 10368532 2025-07-03T00:09:18Z Ternera 1467751 Reverted 3 edits by [[Special:Contributions/112.208.75.153|112.208.75.153]] ([[User talk:112.208.75.153|talk]]). ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368536 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikipedia:Change filter/Mistakes/Archive%(counter)d |algo = old(21d) |counter = 3 |maxarchivesize = 100k |minthreadsleft = 3 }} <center><big>'''This page is for reporting any mistakes the [[WP:Change filter|change filter]] makes. <br/><br/>'''If it warns you or stops you from making a helpful change, please report it here.</big></center> <inputbox> type=commenttitle page=Wikipedia:Change filter/Mistakes width=15 placeholder=Problem encountered buttonlabel=Report break=no editintro=Wikipedia:Change filter/Mistakes/Editintro preload=Wikipedia:Change filter/Mistakes/Preload </inputbox> <hr/> __NEWSECTIONLINK__ == [[FFF]] == Trying to remove [[w:WP:DABNOMENTION]] per [[w:WP:DABRED]]. [[Special:Contributions/151.188.137.230|151.188.137.230]] ([[User talk:151.188.137.230|talk]]) 14:56, 9 June 2025 (UTC) :{{not done}} for now. Those are enwiki policies and I see your other edits relating to this have been [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Codex_(disambiguation)&diff=next&oldid=10288941 reverted]. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 21:21, 9 June 2025 (UTC) == My Change Is Nice! == <!--Please fill in the following blanks.--> Change being made: Description: I Love Editing, And Editing Is My Favourite! <!--Leave ~~~~ at the end of your message-->[[Special:Contributions/92.25.46.130|92.25.46.130]] ([[User talk:92.25.46.130|talk]]) 07:02, 13 June 2025 (UTC) :{{not done}} no problem with filter. [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 09:34, 13 June 2025 (UTC) == "This action has been automatically identified as harmful." == <!--Please fill in the following blanks.--> Change being made: '''Any''' punctuation, conjunction, internal or external link, quotation, citation, etc. Description: Attempting to publish any changes to [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homosexuality_in_Islam Homosexuality in Islam] displays, "This action has been automatically identified as harmful. Because of this, it has not been allowed. If you believe your change was good, report it to an administrator and they can make the change for you." <!--Leave ~~~~ at the end of your message-->[[User:Duzu.lal|Duzu.lal]] ([[User talk:Duzu.lal|talk]]) 08:27, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :An admin will need to check this since it triggered a private filter. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 13:08, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ::It's a global filter. That need to be sorted out on [[:m:|meta]]. I can't access global filters. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 13:17, 29 June 2025 (UTC) :::Ah thanks for the note. I took a look at the global filter hit and see that the edit removed the word "[[Usuli]]" from a list of scholars and added "and" where is does not make sense and is not correct grammar. It seems like it was not a good edit. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 13:35, 29 June 2025 (UTC) isu52vu44t0qgf37bp1wgscdscihfaw 0 270588 10368081 7948512 2025-07-02T18:33:58Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ US-EN 10368081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} '''''Bobby's World''''' is an [[United States|American]] [[animation|animated]] [[television]] series. It ran from 1990 to 1998 on [[FOX Kids]]. It was set in 1979 in [[California]]. It was about the life of Bobby Generic ({{pron-en|ˈdʒɛnərɪk}} {{respell|JEN|ə-rik}}) and his imagination on how he sees the world. The show was made by [[Canadians|Canadian]] [[actor]]-[[comedian]] [[Howie Mandel]]. Mandel also provided the voice of both Bobby and his father Howard Generic, who looks like a cartoon version of Mandel. It was made by [[Film Roman]] for Alevy Productions and Fox Kids, and later [[NBC Universal]]. The theme song for ''Bobby's World'' was made by [[John Tesh]] and Michael Hanna. ==History== The character of "Bobby" can be traced back to Mandel's stand-up comedy performances; Mandel would commonly have the same voice as Bobby, often talking with an unseen "parent". The voices of Kelly Generic (Bobby's sister) and Martha Generic (Bobby's mom) are based on two characters [[Gail Matthius]] played when she was a member on ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' in 1980. Martha is based on the character Roweena, a [[chain smoking]] hair stylist with a [[North Central American English|Upper Midwestern accent]] who gets into arguments with her best customer Nadine ([[Denny Dillon]]), while Kelly Generic is based on the character Vicky, a [[valley girl]] who annoys others with her shallow questions and rambling stories and often is seen with her friend Debbie (also Dillon). In the [[United States|US]], during the show's final season on-air, the show was open-captioned; this was intended as an aid to help younger children learn to read. In an April 2006 online interview, Mandel expressed his desire for a possible re-launch of the series.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tvsquad.com/2006/04/04/the-tv-squad-interview-howie-mandel |title=The TV Squad Interview: Howie Mandel - TV Squad<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2010-11-08 |archive-date=2011-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521105321/http://www.tvsquad.com/2006/04/04/the-tv-squad-interview-howie-mandel |url-status=dead }}</ref> Episodes can be seen in syndication, or on some websites. According to a video posted on [[YouTube.com]],<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Ar9ybgAg3o Howie Stand Up <!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Mandel mentions that they are working on new episodes. On February 12, 2007, the character Bobby made a surprise appearance on an episode of ''[[Deal or No Deal]]''. ==Show format== Episodes often consist of a short [[live-action]] segment either before or after the main story (and sometimes both before and after). The segment would include Mandel describing some aspect of the story and often relating it back to his personal childhood. Sometimes during these segments, the character of Bobby would appear in animated form and converse with Mandel. Other times, a live action child would appear and exchange words with Mandel. Endings of the show also featured Mandel breaking the proverbial "[[fourth wall]]" by talking to viewers about the preceding episode. In some part of the episode, Bobby will break the fourth wall by telling the audience his perspective on life. ==Characters== *Bobby Generic - 4-year-old boy (voiced by Mandel) *Howard Generic - Bobby's father (voiced by Mandel using his regular voice) *Martha Generic - Bobby's mother, who speaks with a heavy [[North Central American English]] accent and often says things like "Fer cryin' in the mud", "gee golly", "gosh darn" and "don't 'cha know". (voiced by [[Gail Matthius]]) *Kelly Generic - Bobby's 14-year-old sister, has a shag [[hairstyle|haircut]], purple [[eye shadow]] and a [[valley girl]] accent (voiced by [[Charity James]]) *Derek Generic - Bobby's 10-year-old brother, with a rat-tail hairdo and a [[wikt:sarcastic|sarcastic]] manner. (voiced by [[Kevin Smets]] seasons 1-5 and [[Pamela Segall]] season 6-7) *The Generic Twins - Introduced in Season 4 but mentioned in Seasons 2 and 3 as Martha was pregnant with them, Bobby's infant brothers *Aunt Ruth - Bobby's aunt and Martha's sister (voice of [[Edie McClurg]]) *Uncle Ted - Bobby's uncle and Martha's brother. He loves to give [[List of school pranks|noogies]] to Bobby and collects things, one of which is a [[novelty]] item called Socks In A Can. (voice of [[Tino Insana]]) *Roger - the Generic family dog (voiced by [[Frank Welker]]) *Jackie - Bobby's cute and kind girlfriend next door neighbor/classmate with the floor-length [[pigtails]] who has a crush on Bobby and always [[kiss]]es him. She also had the ability to fly with her pigtails. (voiced by [[Debi Derryberry]]) *Charlotte - Charlotte was the fun-loving adventurous girl who was famous for her dislike of chocolate and her ability to tease Bobby incessantly over small things he does. ==Seasons== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Season !! Episodes !! Season Premiere !! Season Finale |- |align="center"| '''1''' |align="center"| 13 |align="center"| September 8, 1990 |align="center"| January 19, 1991 |- |align="center"| '''2''' |align="center"| 8 |align="center"| September 7, 1991 |align="center"| November 16, 1991 |- |align="center"| '''3''' |align="center"| 13 |align="center"| August 29, 1992 |align="center"| May 8, 1993 |- |align="center"| '''4''' |align="center"| 13 |align="center"| September 18, 1993 |align="center"| February 26, 1994 |- |align="center"| '''5''' |align="center"| 13 |align="center"| September 12, 1994 |align="center"| February 20, 1995 |- |align="center"| '''6''' |align="center"| 8 |align="center"| September 11, 1995 |align="center"| 1996 |- |align="center"| '''7''' |align="center"| 3 |align="center"| 1996 |- |align="center"| '''8''' |align="center"| 10 |align="center"| September 6, 1997 |align="center"| February 23, 1998 |- |} == DVD releases == * ''Classic Scratch 'n' Sniff Episodes'' and ''The Signature Episodes'' were both issued on [[DVD]] in [[North America]] by [[Anchor Bay Entertainment]]. == Video game== The Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Sega Game Gear made a video game from ''Bobby's World'', which was built by [[RSP]] and published by [[Hi Tech Entertainment]]. In the game, Bobby's mother tells him to clean his room. As he is cleaning his room Bobby starts [[daydreaming]] about a toy. After you beat a level, Bobby has another daydream about another toy that he puts away.<ref>[http://www.snescentral.com/article.php?id=0119 SNES Central: Bobby's World]</ref> <!-- Bot generated title --> ==References== {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * [http://www.bobbysworld.net/ BobbysWorld.net] * {{imdb title|0103373}} * {{tv.com|5937|Bobby's World}} * [http://www.tv.com/bobbys-world/show/5937/summary.html?q=bobby%27s+world ''Bobby's World'' at TV.com]{{Dead link|date=January 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www2.wi.net/~rkurer/toontracker/bobbysworld.wav Toon Tracker Audio File - The Bobby's World Theme] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210702/http://www2.wi.net/~rkurer/toontracker/bobbysworld.wav |date=2007-09-27 }} * [http://www.toonopedia.com/bobbysw.htm Bobby's World at Don Markstein's Toonopedia] * [http://kabillion.com/shows/bobbysworld Bobby's World on Kabillion.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090716122207/http://www.kabillion.com/shows/bobbysworld |date=2009-07-16 }} [[Category:American children's television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] mhx6ojbgpmj0v2rl49m0sbxtt8nsvqd 0 274773 10368938 8828126 2025-07-03T04:12:13Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 typo: duplication 10368938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Babirusa | image = Hirscheber1a.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = ''[[North Sulawesi babirusa|Babyrousa celebensis]]'' | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[Mammal]]ia | superordo = [[Cetartiodactyla]] | ordo = [[Artiodactyla]] | familia = [[Suidae]] | subfamilia = '''Babyrousinae''' | genus = '''''Babyrousa''''' | genus_authority = Perry, 1811 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = 3-4, ''See text.'' }} The '''babirusas''' are a genus '''''Babyrousa''''', in the [[pig]] family ([[Suidae]]). They live in [[Wallace Line|Wallacea]], or the Indonesian islands of [[Sulawesi]], [[Togian Islands|Togian]], [[Sula]] and [[Buru]]. They are often called '''deer pigs'''. All members of this genus were part of a single species. After the split into several species, ''Babyrousa'' is restricted to the Buru babirusa from Buru and Sula, whereas the best-known species, the north Sulawesi babirusa is named ''B. celebensis''. The name "pig-deer" has sometimes also been used in [[English language|English]], and is a direct translation of the [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] babi-rusa. {{-}} {{biology-stub}} [[category:Pigs]] mh7ta8tvebtpazesdbdgxk1asj35lgl 0 275139 10368917 10324021 2025-07-03T04:01:26Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{no sources}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}} {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Toxic shock syndrome | image = PDB 1aw7 EBI.jpg | caption = [[Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1]] protein from staphylococcus | field = [[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]] | symptoms = [[Fever]], [[rash]], [[skin peeling]], [[low blood pressure]]<ref name=Low2013/> | complications = Shock, kidney failure<ref name="Mayo20355384"/> | onset = Rapid<ref name=Low2013/> | duration = | types = Staphylococcal (menstrual and nonmenstrual), streptococcal<ref name=Low2013/> | causes = ''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]'', ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'', others<ref name=Low2013/><ref name=Got2018/> | risks = Very absorbent [[tampons]], skin lesions in young children<ref name=Low2013/> | diagnosis = Based on symptoms<ref name=Low2013/> | differential = [[Septic shock]], [[Kawasaki's disease]], [[Stevens–Johnson syndrome]], [[scarlet fever]] | prevention = | treatment = [[Antibiotics]], [[incision and drainage]] of any [[abscess]]es, [[intravenous immunoglobulin]]<ref name=Low2013/> | medication = | prognosis = Risk of death: ~50% (streptococcal), ~5% (staphylococcal)<ref name=Low2013/> | frequency = Staphylococcal: 0.3 to 0.5 cases per 100,000 population<br /> Streptococcal: 2 to 4 cases per 100,000 population | deaths = }} '''Toxic shock syndrome''' or '''TSS''' is a non-common, deadly infection caused by [[toxin]]s from [[bacteria]]. Toxic shock syndrome is usually caused by ''[[Staphylococcus]]'' bacteria, but it can also be caused by ''[[Streptococcus]]'' bacteria. ==Symptoms== Symptoms of toxic shock syndrome can show up suddenly. The disease can be very deadly. The symptoms are different when it is caused by different bacteria. When it is caused by ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'', the symptoms are generally high [[fever]], [[Hypotension|low blood pressure]], [[confusion]], and [[malaise]]. If the disease is not treated, someone with toxic shock syndrome caused by ''Staphylococcus aureus'' can go into a [[coma]]. When toxic shock syndrome is caused by ''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]'', it usually is a [[rash]] that was already there getting worse. People with toxic shock syndrome caused by ''Streptococcus pyogenes'' have [[pain]] where the rash is, then the following symptoms happen very quickly: The [[symptom]]s of toxic shock syndrome include: *A high [[fever]] that starts quickly *Low blood pressure *[[Vomit]]ing or [[diarrhea]] *A rash that looks like a [[sunburn]], mostly on the palms of the hand and soles of the feet *[[Confusion]] *[[Muscle pain]] *Redness of the [[eye]]s, [[mouth]], and [[throat]] *[[Seizure]]s *[[Headache]]s ==Causes== Toxic shock syndrome can be caused by many things. The most common reasons are injuries to the [[skin]] that allow bacteria to get into the bloodstream, and [[Toxic shock syndrome#Tampons and toxic shock syndrome|tampons]]. ==Treatment== Many people with toxic shock syndrome have to stay in the [[hospital]]. If it is very bad, they might have to go to the [[intensive care|intensive care unit]]. If the reason that they have toxic shock syndrome is because of tampon use, doctors will make sure that they take the tampon out. If the reason that they have toxic shock syndrome is an [[injury]] (an [[abscess]] or other [[infection]]), the injury has to be [[drain (surgery)|drained]]. [[Antibiotic]]s like [[cephalosporin]], [[penicillin]], and [[vancomycin]] are used to stop the bacteria from growing. [[Clindamycin]] and [[gentamicin]] stop the toxins from being produced. ==Tampons and toxic shock syndrome== In 1978, [[Procter and Gamble]] (a [[United States]] company that sells many different products) started selling [[tampon]]s called [[Rely (brand)|Rely]]. Rely tampons could be left in for a whole [[menstruation|menstrual cycle]], which is from 2 to 8 days. Women who used Rely tampons sometimes got toxic shock syndrome because of this.<ref>[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC]] 1980. "Toxic-shock syndrome--United States." ''MMWR'' '''29'''(20):229-230.</ref> Other tampons that are left in for a long time can also cause toxic shock syndrome. == References == {{Reflist | reflist start <ref name="Low2013">{{Cite journal|last=Low|first=Donald E.|date=2013-07-01|title=Toxic Shock Syndrome: Major Advances in Pathogenesis, But Not Treatment|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0749070413000298|journal=Critical Care Clinics|language=English|volume=29|issue=3|pages=651–675|doi=10.1016/j.ccc.2013.03.012|issn=0749-0704}}</ref> <ref name="Mayo20355384">{{Cite web|title=Toxic shock syndrome: A rare but potentially fatal condition-Toxic shock syndrome - Symptoms & causes|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/toxic-shock-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20355384|access-date=2025-04-21|website=Mayo Clinic|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="Got2018">{{Cite journal|last=Gottlieb|first=Michael|last2=Long|first2=Brit|last3=Koyfman|first3=Alex|date=2018-06-01|title=The Evaluation and Management of Toxic Shock Syndrome in the Emergency Department: A Review of the Literature|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0736467917312143|journal=Journal of Emergency Medicine|language=English|volume=54|issue=6|pages=807–814|doi=10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.12.048|issn=0736-4679|pmid=29366615}}</ref> }} == Other websites == * {{cite journal |author=Stevens DL |title=Streptococcal toxic-shock syndrome: spectrum of disease, pathogenesis, and new concepts in treatment |journal=[[Emerging Infectious Diseases]] |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=69–78 |year=1995 |pmid=8903167 |pmc=2626872 |doi=10.3201/eid0103.950301 }} * {{cite web |title=Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS): The Facts |work=Toxic Shock Syndrome information service |publisher=tssis.com |url=http://www.tssis.com/}} {{Medical resources | DiseasesDB = 13187 | ICD11 = {{ICD11|1C45}} | ICD10 = {{ICD10|A|48|3|a|30}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|040.82}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 000653 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 2292 | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|emerg|600}} {{eMedicine2|derm|425}} {{eMedicine2|ped|2269}} | MeshID = D012772 }} {{shock types}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Toxic Shock Syndrome}} [[Category:Bacterial diseases]] [[Category:Bacterial toxins]] [[Category:Bacterium-related cutaneous conditions]] [[Category:Syndromes]] [[Category:Wikipedia emergency medicine articles ready to translate]] [[Category:Diseases caused by bacteria]] [[Category:Shock (Medicine)]] m6xowr1z5tn3r9o2ykbtz3je1ppmp6c 0 276305 10368765 7780118 2025-07-03T02:35:52Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 1) added a missing-citation tag as needed; 2) fixed a grammatical issue with a typo of duplication 10368765 wikitext text/x-wiki {{noref}} '''Chościsko''' – according to [[Gallus Anonymus]] it is the name of father of [[Piast Kołodziej]], the founder of the [[Piast Dynasty]]. His name (originating possibly from Old Polish word for a tail ''chost/chwost'') appears in the [[Chronicle of Gall of Anonym]] three times. It is likely that the name is in fact a title of prince [[Popiel]] due to his long hair. {{DEFAULTSORT:Choscisko}} [[Category:Piast dynasty]] 7yql5b9fuklz15k83toerpt3peueuji 0 278678 10368779 10323728 2025-07-03T02:41:07Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368779 wikitext text/x-wiki {{nosources|date=April 2025}} [[Image:Colossal octopus by Pierre Denys de Montfort.jpg|thumb|right|Pen and wash drawing by [[malacologist]] [[Pierre Dénys de Montfort]], 1801, from the descriptions of French sailors reportedly attacked by such a creature off the coast of [[Angola]].]] A '''kraken''' is a [[Legendary creature|mythical sea creature]] of huge size, said to have dwelt off the coasts of [[Norway]], [[Greenland]], and [[Iceland]]. The legend may actually have originated from sightings of real [[giant squid]]. They are estimated to grow to 13–15 m (40–50&nbsp;ft) in length, including the tentacles. The mysterious sea monster started to be talked about in literary works as far back as 1180, according to paleontologist Rodrigo Brincalepe Salvador. The first sighting was in 1769. == Other websites == {{Wiktionary-inline|Kraken}}<br/> {{Wikisource-inline}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060525182114/http://www.mediumaevum.com/75years/mirror/index.html ''The King's Mirror'' (See Chapter XII)] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Mythological aquatic creatures|Monster]] [[Category:Mythological cephalopods]] [[Category:Scandinavian legendary creatures]] [[Category:Sea monsters]] [[Category:Cryptozoology]] {{biology-stub}} m0lkldxijpguf0ng8vvvtiu9p78fuh6 0 283975 10369011 10348647 2025-07-03T05:46:05Z 2600:1012:B206:2CA2:8DE1:6563:F1D4:5BEE 10369011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unsourced|date=October 2012}} [[File:Ritchie Valens 1959 press photo.jpg|thumb|right|Ritchie Valens]] {{infobox person | name = Ritchie Valens | height = 6 ft 0 in }} '''Richard Steven Valenzuela, '''better known as '''Ritchie Valens''' (May 13, 1941 - February 3, 1959) was a [[Latin Americans|Latin American]] [[singer-songwriter]] and musician. He died with [[Buddy Holly]], and [[The Big Bopper|"Big Bopper" Richardson]] in a [[plane crash]] in [[Iowa]] on 3 February 1959, in an event that would become known as [[The Day the Music Died]]. He was 17 years old. He was born to Mexican parents. Mr. Valens has Yaqui Native American ancestry. Valens most notable work include recordings of “La Bamba” a Mexican folk song which became a hit in the U.S. “Donna” a song dedicated to his friend and the phrase “Come on let’s go”<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/artists/5222714d-21ee-4061-87f7-c749f1586790</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{US-bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Valens, Ritchie}} [[Category:1941 births]] [[Category:1959 deaths]] [[Category:American guitarists]] [[Category:American rock musicians]] [[Category:Singer-songwriters from California]] [[Category:Aviation deaths in the United States]] [[Category:Singers from Los Angeles]] b6d0dum1yeaonx3hk4wqa7xtfft0eec 10369284 10369011 2025-07-03T09:23:19Z Henri Aja 1041406 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/2600:1012:B206:2CA2:8DE1:6563:F1D4:5BEE|2600:1012:B206:2CA2:8DE1:6563:F1D4:5BEE]] ([[User talk:2600:1012:B206:2CA2:8DE1:6563:F1D4:5BEE|talk]]). ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369284 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unsourced|date=October 2012}} [[File:Ritchie Valens 1959 press photo.jpg|thumb|right|Ritchie Valens]] {{infobox person | name = Ritchie Valens }} '''Richard Steven Valenzuela, '''better known as '''Ritchie Valens''' (May 13, 1941 - February 3, 1959) was a [[Mexican Americans|Mexican American]] [[singer-songwriter]] and musician. He died with [[Buddy Holly]], and [[The Big Bopper|"Big Bopper" Richardson]] in a [[plane crash]] in [[Iowa]] on 3 February 1959, in an event that would become known as [[The Day the Music Died]]. He was 17 years old. He was born to Mexican parents. Mr. Valens has Yaqui Native American ancestry. Valens most notable work include recordings of “La Bamba” a Mexican folk song which became a hit in the U.S. “Donna” a song dedicated to his friend and the phrase “Come on let’s go”<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/artists/5222714d-21ee-4061-87f7-c749f1586790</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{US-bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Valens, Ritchie}} [[Category:1941 births]] [[Category:1959 deaths]] [[Category:American guitarists]] [[Category:American rock musicians]] [[Category:Singer-songwriters from California]] [[Category:Aviation deaths in the United States]] [[Category:Singers from Los Angeles]] fncofuj033o9t292nzn6b8t83bhf8nk 0 284002 10367830 9587090 2025-07-02T15:54:52Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:3CB6:C9AE:2BE4:4C0E /* Other websites */ US-EN 10367830 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television |image = |caption = |genre = [[Docufiction]], [[Horror film|horror]], [[dark comedy]], [[parody]] |writer = Tom McMahon<br />H.A. Arnarson<br />Geoff Miller |runtime = 22 min. |director = Tom McMahon |producer = Tom McMahon<br />Thom Beers |camera = |creator = |developer = |narrated = [[Thom Beers]] {{small|(pilot, U.S. broadcast)}}<br>[[Ron Perlman]] {{small|(seasons 1, 2, 3 & 4 U.S. broadcast)}}<br>Joe Irwin<ref>[http://www.spike.com/full-episodes/2gmhyn/1000-ways-to-die-tweets-from-the-dead-season-4-ep-403 1000 Ways To Die; Explosions, Strange Deaths; Full Episodes; Spike; Tweets From The Dead; Season 4; Free Full Episodes; Spike]</ref> {{small|(Season 4, U.S. broadcast)}}<br />[[Alisdair Simpson]] {{small|(pilot & series 1, 2, 3 & 4 UK broadcast)}} | country = [[United States]] | network = [[Spike TV]] (2008-2012),<br>[[Nueve (Mexican TV network)|NU9VE]] and<br>[[BitMe]]. (2008-[[Now]]) | location = | theme_music_composer = | first_aired = {{start date|2008|5|14}} | last_aired = {{end date|2012|7|15}}<ref name="finale">{{cite web|url=http://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/1000-ways-to-die-2012/episode-8-season-6/death-the-final-frontier/305955 |title=1000 Ways to Die Episode Guide 2012 Season 6 - Death, the Final Frontier, Episode 8 |publisher=TVGuide.com |access-date=2012-09-18}}</ref> | num_seasons = 6 | num_episodes = 74 | list_episodes = | related = ''[[1000 Ways to Lie]]'' | company = [[Original Productions]] }} '''''1000 Ways to Die''''' is an [[United States|American]] [[docufiction]] [[black comedy]] [[television programme|series]] which was first shown on the [[Television]] Channel ''[[Spike TV]]'' on May 14, 2008. It shows unusual [[death]]s and uses black humor. == Cast == * Thom Beers in the Pilot of the U.S. broadcast * Ron Perlman in the Seasons 1, 2, 3 & 4 of the U.S. broadcast * Alisdair Simpson in the Pilot & series 1, 2, 3 & 4 of the UK broadcast == Seasons == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Season ! Episodes ! Premiere Date ! Finale Date |- | style="text-align:center;" | 1 | style="text-align:center;" | 12 | {{Start date|2008|05|14}} | {{End date|2009|04|05}} |- | style="text-align:center;" | 2 | style="text-align:center;" | 12 | {{Start date|2009|12|06}} | {{End date|2010|02|24}} |- | style="text-align:center;" | 3 | style="text-align:center;" | 14 | {{Start date|2010|08|03}} | {{End date|2011|01|05}} |- | style="text-align:center;" | 4 | style="text-align:center;" | 16 | {{Start date|2011|02|08}} | {{End date|2011|08|29}} |- | style="text-align:center;" | 5 | style="text-align:center;" | 12 | {{Start date|2011|10|24}} | {{End date|2012|02|29}} |- | style="text-align:center;" | 6 | style="text-align:center;" | 8 | {{Start date|2012|03|12}} | {{End date|2012|07|15}} |} == Sources == {{reflist}} == Other websites == * [http://www.spike.com/show/27237 1000 Ways to Die at Spike.com] {{tv-stub}} [[Category:2008 American television series debuts]] [[Category:American comedy television series]] [[Category:2000s American television series]] [[Category:2010s American television series]] [[Category:2012 American television series endings]] [[Category:Black comedy]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] 1h38ab09q1yyqrxugvi5p7zj92kqk6u 0 284797 10369025 10082683 2025-07-03T05:48:36Z Julipero 1604351 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|1|0 */ 10369025 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Olduvai Gorge or Oldupai Gorge.jpg|thumb|300px|Olduvai Gorge]] [[File:Oldupai Gorge monolith.jpg|thumb|Close-up of monolith]] [[File:Olduvai ast.jpg|thumb|Olduvai Gorge from space]] [[File:Olduvai gorge topo.jpg|thumb|Topography of Olduvai Gorge]] The '''Olduvai Gorge''' is a steep-sided [[ravine]] in the [[Great Rift Valley]] that stretches through [[East Africa]]. It is in the eastern [[Serengeti|Serengeti Plains]] in northern [[Tanzania]]. The [[gorge]] is about {{convert|48|km|mi|abbr=on}} long. It is {{convert|45|km|abbr=off}} from the [[Laetoli]] [[archaeological site]]. The gorge is a highly important [[prehistoric]] site for the study of [[human evolution]]. It was once a [[lake]], and got covered by layers of [[volcanic ash]].<ref name=Hay>Hay, Richard L. 1976 ''Geology of the Olduvai Gorge''. University of California Press.</ref> This site was occupied by ''[[Homo habilis]]'' about 1.9 million years ago, ''[[Paranthropus boisei]]'' 1.8 million years ago, and ''[[Homo erectus]]'' 1.2 million years ago. ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' occupied the site 17,000 years ago. The name is a misspelling of '''Oldupai Gorge''', which was adopted as the official name in 2005. Oldupai is the [[Maasai language|Maasai]] word for the wild sisal plant ''[[Sansevieria ehrenbergii]]'', which grows in the gorge. == Geology == Millions of years ago, the site was that of a large [[lake]], the shores of which were covered with successive deposits of [[tuff|volcanic ash]]. About 500,000 years ago [[Earthquake|seismic activity]] diverted a nearby stream which began to [[Erosion|cut down]] into the [[sediment]]s, revealing seven main [[Stratum|layers]] in the walls of the gorge. The [[geology]] of Olduvai Gorge and the surrounding region was studied in detail by Richard L. Hay,<ref name=Hay/> who worked at the site between 1961 and 2002. The [[stratigraphy]] is extremely deep and layers of volcanic ash and stones allow [[radiometric dating]] of the embedded artifacts, mostly through [[K–Ar dating|potassium–argon dating]] and [[argon–argon dating]]. The base of the Olduvai sediments dates to slightly older than 2 million years,<ref name="Walter et al.">Walter R.C. ''et al'' 1992. Tephrochronology of Bed I, Olduvai Gorge: An application of the laser-fusion <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar dating to calibrating biological and [[Climate change|climatic change]]. Quaternary International 13-14, 37-46.</ref> The nearby site [[Laetoli]] has a much older [[Fossil|fossil record]].<ref name=Drake>Drake R. & Curtis G. 1987. K–Ar geochronology of the Laetoli fossil localities. In: Leakey M.D. & Harris J.M. (eds) ''Laetoli: a Pliocene site in northern Tanzania''. pp48-52. Claredon Press, Oxford.</ref> == Palaeontology == Olduvai Gorge is one of the most important prehistoric sites in the world and has been instrumental in furthering understanding of early [[human evolution]]. <blockquote>Chasing a fancy butterfly in the green wilds of [[Tanganyika]] 50 years ago, a German [[entomologist]] named (Wilhelm) Kattwinkel tumbled off a rocky ledge and nearly killed himself. When he regained his senses, he found himself in an anthropologist's dream world: an erosion-created rift with layer after layer of fossils, bones and ancient artifacts. The find was named Olduvai Gorge, and Kattwinkel's heirs ever since have been scrambling up and down its sun-baked sides in search of clues to man's earliest awakening. (''Time'', Friday 10 March 1961) <ref>http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,826938,00.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223213052/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,826938,00.html |date=2011-02-23 }} Time.com, Original article dated Friday 10 March 1961</ref></blockquote> Excavation work there was pioneered by [[Louis Leakey|Louis]] and [[Mary Leakey]] beginning in 1931. It is still going on. The earliest archaeological deposit, known as Bed I, has produced evidence of campsites and living floors along with [[stone tool]]s made of [[flake]]s from local [[basalt]] and [[quartz]]. Since this is the site where these kinds of tools were first discovered, these tools are called [[Oldowan]]. It is now thought that the Oldowan toolmaking tradition started about 2.6 million years ago. Bones from this layer are not of modern humans but earlier [[Hominidae|hominid]] forms of ''[[Paranthropus boisei]]'' and the first discovered specimens of ''[[Homo habilis]]''. The site of FLK North has the oldest known evidence of [[Elephant]] consumption, attributed to ''[[Homo ergaster]]'' around [[Pleistocene|1.8 million years ago]]. A nearly complete skeleton of the extinct ''[[Elephas recki]]'' was found in the lowest of its six occupation levels along with stone tools such as choppers and [[Lithic flake|flakes]]. Large numbers of bone fragments of smaller animals found with it clearly identify FLK North as an early butchering site.<ref>Chazan, Michael 2008. ''World prehistory and archaeology: pathways through time''. Pearson. p95 {{ISBN|0-205-42665-4}}</ref> Above this, in Bed II, pebble tools begin to be replaced by more sophisticated [[handaxe]]s of the [[Acheulean]] [[archaeological industry|industry]] and made by ''H. ergaster''. This layer has not yet been successfully dated, but likely falls between 1.75 and 1.2 million years.<ref name=McHenry>McHenry H.M; Brown C.C. & McHenry L.J. 2007. Fossil hominin ulnae and the forelimb of Paranthropus. ''American Journal of Physical anthropology'' '''134''': 209-218.</ref> Beds III and IV have produced [[Acheulean]] tools and fossil bones from more than 600,000 years ago. During a period of major [[Fault (geology)|faulting]] and [[volcanism]] roughly 600,000 to 400,000 years ago, the Masek Beds were made. These beds contained tools from an industry made by modern humans, followed by the Ndutu Beds (400,000 to 32,000 years ago), and the Naisiusiu Beds (22,000 to 15,000 years ago). Also, on the rim of the Gorge, is the [[Olduvai Gorge Museum]]. This Museum presents exhibitions about the Gorge's history. == <span lang="en-ca" dir="ltr">References</span> == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Geography of Tanzania]] [[Category:Archaeological sites in Africa]] [[Category:Prehistoric Africa]] 88kcy3qb3ksm4qf94f702rzesj1shxp 0 287445 10368377 9757162 2025-07-02T22:24:52Z LatestClash 1610566 10368377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Firework | cover = | alt = | type = | artist = [[Katy Perry]] | album = [[Teenage Dream]] | EP = | written = | published = | released = October 26, 2010 | format = | recorded = 2009 at the Roc the Mic Studios in [[New York City]] | studio = | venue = | genre = [[Dance-pop]] | length = 3:47 | label = [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] | writer = {{hlist|Katy Perry|[[Stargate (production team)|Mikkel S. Eriksen]]|[[Stargate (production team)|Tor Erik Hermansen]]|[[Sandy Vee|Sandy Wilhelm]]|[[Ester Dean]]}} | composer = | lyricist = | producer = {{hlist|[[Stargate (production team)|StarGate]]|[[Sandy Vee]]}} | prev_title = [[Teenage Dream (song)|Teenage Dream]] | prev_year = 2010 | title = | next_title = [[E.T. (song)|E.T.]] | next_year = 2011 | misc = {{External music video|1={{YouTube|QGJuMBdaqIw|"Firework"}}}} }} "'''Firework'''" is a 2010 song by [[Katy Perry]] from her second major-label [[album]], ''[[Teenage Dream]]''. It was released on October 26, 2010. The song received a good review by music critics and claimed the top spot on [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/949557/katy-perrys-firework-shines-over-hot-100|title=Katy Perry's 'Firework' Shines Over Hot 100|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=2015-02-23}}</ref> The single hit top 5 on twenty charts worldwide. It reached the top three in most of the countries where it charted, including Australia and the UK. It topped charts in the US, Canada, and New Zealand. In the US, it was Perry's fourth number-one song altogether and the third in a streak of five number-ones. At the 2012 [[Grammy Awards]], "Firework" was nominated for [[Grammy Award for Record of the Year|Record of the Year]] and [[Grammy Award for Best Pop Solo Performance|Best Pop Solo Performance]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2012/grammys.htm|access-date=2015-02-23|title=54th Grammy Awards - 2012|publisher=Rock On the Net}}</ref> The song was certified Diamond in the US for shipments of over 10 million copies in that country alone.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&se=katy&col=highest_level&ord=desc#search_section|title=Gold & Platinum - RIAA|newspaper=RIAA|access-date=2018-01-18|language=en-US}}</ref> == Background == "Firework" was written by Perry, Mikkel S. Eriksen, Tor Erik Hermansen, Sandy Wilhelm, and Ester Dean while [[record producer|produced]] by Stargate and Sandy Vee at Soapbox [[Studio]]s in [[Atlanta]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]. It was recorded at Roc the Mic Studios in [[New York City]]. It was mixed at The Bunker Studios by Vee. [[Audio engineering]] was done by Carlos Oyandel and Damien Lewis. All instruments were done by Stargate and Vee. [[Lead vocals|Lead]] and background vocals were provided by Perry. Perry said that "Firework" is her favorite song on ''Teenage Dream''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Vena|first=Jocelyn|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1649047/20100930/perry_katy.jhtml|title=Katy Perry Tweets About 'Sparkling' New Music Video - Music, Celebrity, Artist News|publisher=MTV|date=2010-09-30|access-date=2011-03-20|archive-date=2010-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120232127/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1649047/20100930/perry_katy.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Music video == ===Development and release=== The music video was part of a partnership with European telecommunications company [[Deutsche Telekom]], which ran competitions to recruit fans for the video.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pro Posts|url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=Billboard|language=en-US}}</ref> Katy Perry started filming it on September 28, 2010.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Katy Perry Tweets About 'Sparkling' New Music Video|work=MTV News|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1649047/katy-perry-tweets-about-sparkling-new-music-video/|access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref> Directed by Dave Meyers and choreographed by Natricia Bernard, it was shot in [[Budapest]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sneak Peek of Katy Perry's "Firework" Music Video|url=http://www.katyperry.com/sneak-peek-of-katy-perrys-firework-music-video/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=www.katyperry.com}}</ref> The official teaser was released on October 15, 2010, and the open casting call received a record 38,000 applicants.<ref>{{Citation|last=Katy Perry|title=Katy Perry "Firework" Official Teaser Trailer (HD)|date=2010-10-15|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBmClxHUaJE|access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=XpatLoop.com - News|url=http://xpatloop.com/news/katy_perrys_video_made_in_budapest|access-date=2025-07-02|website=xpatloop.com|language=en}}</ref> Perry dedicated the video to the [[It Gets Better Project]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mapes|first=Jillian|date=2010-10-28|title=Katy Perry Dedicates Leaked ‘Firework’ Video to LGBT Campaign|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/katy-perry-dedicates-leaked-firework-video-to-lgbt-campaign-952410/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=Billboard|language=en-US}}</ref> It was released on TwitVid, DirectLyrics, and Youku on October 28, 2010, and premiered on [[YouTube]] the same day. By January 2024, it had over 1.4 billion views.<ref>{{Citation|last=KatyPerryVEVO|title=Katy Perry - Firework (Official)|date=2010-10-28|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QGJuMBdaqIw|access-date=2018-01-18}}</ref> === Synopsis === The video begins with Perry looking down at the city from a balcony, singing as [[Firework|fireworks]] explode from her [[soul]].<ref>{{Citation|last=KatyPerryVEVO|title=Katy Perry - #VevoCertified, Pt. 9: Firework (Katy Commentary)|date=2012-06-28|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uyFBmhADwbo|access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref> These fireworks inspire young people around the city to overcome their fears. A boy stops his parents’ fight to protect his sister, a shy girl at a pool party gains the courage to join in, a [[leukemia]] patient bravely walks outside despite losing her hair, a closeted gay teen kisses his friend at a club, and a young performer uses magic to escape muggers. Eventually, the youth gather at [[Buda Castle]], dancing and lighting up the night with their fireworks, as the camera pans up to the sky. === Reception === "Firework" was ranked No. 1 on [[MuchMusic]]'s top 50 videos of 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MuchMusic|title=Top 50 Videos of 2010|url=http://www.muchmusic.com/tv/specials/50videos/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=MuchMusic}}</ref> The video won Video of the Year at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards and was also nominated for Best Female Video and Best Video with a Message.<ref>{{Cite news|title=2011 MTV VMA Winners List|work=MTV News|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2298947/2011-vma-winners-list/|access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref> == Charts == {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} === Weekly charts === {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center" |- !scope="col" style="width:20em"| Chart (2010–2012) !scope="col"| Peak<br />position |- {{single chart|Australia|3|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Austria|3|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Flanders|5|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Wallonia|5|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Billboardcanadianhot100|1|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|CIS|59|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|songid=28355|rowheader=true|access-date=March 16, 2023}} |- ! scope="row"| Croatia International Airplay ([[Hrvatska radiotelevizija|HRT]])<ref name="CRO">{{Cite web|url=https://haw.nsk.hr/arhiva/vol4/2346/37913/www.soundguardian.com/file/ARC%20100%202011.xls|title=Airplay Radio Chart 2011 Year-end Edition|year=2011|access-date=May 4, 2025}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|6 |- {{single chart|Czech Republic|4|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|year=2011|week=08|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Czechdigital|95|year=2014|week=24|access-date=July 3, 2014|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Denmark|14|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- !scope="row"|Europe ([[European Hot 100 Singles]])<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Hits of the World: European Hot 100 Singles|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|volume=122|issue=48|page=43|date=December 4, 2010}}</ref> | 9 |- {{single chart|Finland|18|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|France|7|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- ! scope="row"|France Download ([[Syndicat National de l'Edition Phonographique|SNEP]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Les téléchargements de la semaine|url=https://lescharts.com/weekchart.asp?cat=si&year=2010&date=20101225|access-date=December 27, 2010|archive-date=June 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624165355/https://lescharts.com/weekchart.asp?cat=si&year=2010&date=20101225|url-status=live}}</ref> |5 |- ! scope="row"|France Airplay ([[Syndicat National de l'Edition Phonographique|SNEP]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Top de la semaine|url=https://snepmusique.com/classement-radio/?semaine=52%3F&annee=2010|access-date=January 3, 2011|archive-date=July 26, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726204709/https://snepmusique.com/classement-radio/?semaine=52%3F&annee=2010|url-status=live}}</ref> |style="text-align:center;"|1 |- {{single chart|Germany|4|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|songid=739665|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Hungary|2|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|week=1|year=2011|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Ireland2|2|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=January 17, 2020}} |- {{single chart|Israelairplay|3|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|week=02|year=2011|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Italy|4|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Billboardjapanhot100|27|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|artistid=305595|access-date=May 27, 2014|rowheader=true}} |- ! scope="row"| [[Luxembourg Digital Song Sales]] (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/biz/charts/2011-01-22/luxembourg-digital-songs|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|title=Luxembourg Digital Songs – January 22, 2011|access-date=April 21, 2020|archive-date=August 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813075313/https://www.billboard.com/biz/charts/2011-01-22/luxembourg-digital-songs|url-status=live}}</ref> | 3 |- ! scope="row"| Mexico ([[Mexico Airplay|''Billboard'' Mexican Airplay]])<ref>{{cite magazine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130109064604/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/internationalcharts/mexico |url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/internationalcharts/mexico |title=Mexico Airplay |date=January 16, 2013 |archive-date=January 9, 2013 |magazine=Billboard |url-status=dead}}</ref> | 4 |- ! scope="row"| Mexico Anglo ([[Monitor Latino]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top20/Print/Mexico/Anglo/20110425|title=Top 20 Anglo de México del 25 de abril al 1 de mayo, 2011|publisher=Monitor Latino|accessdate=June 10, 2019|date=May 2, 2011|language=es|archive-date=August 23, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823214906/http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top20/Print/Mexico/Anglo/20110425|url-status=live}}</ref> | 2 |- {{single chart|Dutch40|8|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Dutch100|6|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|New Zealand|1|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Norway|2|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Poland|3|chartid=277|year=2011|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Portugaldigitalsongs|3|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true}} |- ! scope="row"|Romania ([[Romanian Top 100]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.romanialibera.ro/arte/muzica/topul-celor-mai-difuzate-50-de-piese-la-radio-in-romania-215517.html|title=Topul celor mai difuzate 50 de piese la radio in Romania|work=[[Romanian Top 100]]|date=February 2, 2011 |access-date=March 6, 2011|archive-date=August 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814040009/http://www.romanialibera.ro/}}</ref> | 15 |- {{single chart|Russiaradio|69|date=20101210-20101216|publish-date=December 16, 2010|rowheader=true|access-date=June 18, 2025}} <!-- {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421201002/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/weekly/20101210-20101216|date=April 21, 2024}} --> |- {{single chart|Scotland|3|date=20101030|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Slovakia|2|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|year=2010|week=52|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Spain|14|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Sweden|4|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Switzerland|3|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|UK|3||date=20101120|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=uksinglechart3}} |- {{single chart|Billboardhot100|1|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Billboardadultcontemporary|1|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Billboardadultpopsongs|1|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Billboarddanceclubplay|1|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Billboarddanceairplay|1|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|access-date=November 19, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Billboardpopsongs|1|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Billboardrhythmic|5|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- ! scope="row"|Venezuela Pop Rock ([[Record Report]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.recordreport.com.ve/publico/?i=poprock |title=Pop Rock|language=es|publisher=Record Report|date=February 26, 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110226112919/http://recordreport.com.ve/publico/?i=poprock|archive-date=February 26, 2011}}</ref> | 1 |} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center" |- !scope="col" style="width:20em"| Chart (2013) !scope="col"| Peak<br />position |- {{single chart|UK|89||date=20131110|rowheader=true|access-date=8 May 2023}} |- |} {{col-2}} ===Year-end charts=== {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center" |- !scope="col" style="width:20em"| Chart (2010) !scope="col"| Position |- ! scope="row"| Australia (ARIA)<ref name="AUSendofyear">{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-top-100-singles-2010.htm |title=ARIA Charts – End of Year Charts – Top 100 Singles 2010 |publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] |access-date=January 9, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205172929/http://aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-top-100-singles-2010.htm |archive-date=December 5, 2010 }}</ref> | 24 |- ! scope="row"| Germany (Official German Charts)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.viva.tv/charts/viva-single-jahrescharts-2010-2010-277/ |title=VIVA Single Jahrescharts 2010–2010 |language=de |work=Viva |publisher=[[Media Control Charts]] |access-date=February 2, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128034105/http://www.viva.tv/charts/viva-single-jahrescharts-2010-2010-277 |archive-date=January 28, 2011 }}</ref> | 88 |- ! scope="row"| Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|title=MAHASZ Rádiós TOP 100 2010|url=http://www.mahasz.hu/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=eves_osszesitett_listak&id=radios&ev=2010|publisher=Mahasz|language=hu|access-date=March 10, 2011|archive-date=February 29, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229070108/http://www.mahasz.hu/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=eves_osszesitett_listak&id=radios&ev=2010|url-status=live}}</ref> | 94 |- ! scope="row"| Ireland (IRMA)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irma.ie/best2010.htm|title=Best of 2010|publisher=[[Irish Recorded Music Association]]|access-date=February 2, 2011|archive-date=February 5, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205230315/http://irma.ie/best2010.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | 9 |- ! scope="row"|Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.top40.nl/bijzondere-lijsten/top-100-jaaroverzichten/2010|title=Top 100-Jaaroverzicht van 2010|publisher=Dutch Top 40|access-date=December 2, 2019|archive-date=July 18, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718165002/https://www.top40.nl/bijzondere-lijsten/top-100-jaaroverzichten/2010|url-status=live}}</ref> | 75 |- ! scope="row"| New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart_annual.asp?chartYear=2010&chartKind=S |title=Annual Top 50 Singles Chart 2010 |publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]] |access-date=February 2, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724200945/http://rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart_annual.asp?chartYear=2010&chartKind=S |archive-date=July 24, 2011 }}</ref> | 17 |- ! scope="row"| UK Singles (OCC)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/cardle-at-no-1-again-eminemrihanna-take-that-scoop-2010-crowns/|title=Eminem/Rihanna & Take That scoop 2010 crowns|website=[[OfficialCharts.com]]|date=January 3, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709081921/http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/cardle-at-no-1-again-eminemrihanna-take-that-scoop-2010-crowns/|archive-date=July 9, 2014 }}</ref> | 19 |} {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" !scope="col" style="width:20em"| Chart (2011) !scope="col"| Position |- ! scope="row"| Australia (ARIA)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/documents/ARIAEOYChart2011.pdf |title=Adele's "21" crowned ARIA's highest selling album of 2011 LMFAO takes single honours with "Party Rock Anthem" |access-date=January 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414212836/http://www.aria.com.au/pages/documents/ARIAEOYChart2011.pdf |archive-date=April 14, 2012 }}</ref> | 28 |- ! scope="row"| Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oe3.orf.at/charts/stories/singleyear/ |title=Austria Top 40 |publisher=[[Hitradio Ö3]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104112351/http://oe3.orf.at/charts/stories/singleyear/ |archive-date=January 4, 2012 }}</ref> | 37 |- ! scope="row"| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ultratop.be/nl/annual.asp?year=2011&cat=s |title=JAAROVERZICHTEN 2011 |website=[[Ultratop]] |language=nl |access-date=December 29, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019190647/http://www.ultratop.be/nl/annual.asp?year=2011&cat=s |archive-date=October 19, 2012 }}</ref> | 57 |- ! scope="row"| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ultratop.be/fr/annual.asp?year=2011&cat=s |title=RAPPORTS ANNUELS 2011 |website=[[Ultratop]] |access-date=December 29, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019190631/http://www.ultratop.be/fr/annual.asp?year=2011&cat=s |archive-date=October 19, 2012 }}</ref> | 32 |- !scope="row" |Brazil ([[Crowley Broadcast Analysis|Crowley]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://maistocadas.mus.br/2011/|title=Brazilian Top 100 Year-End 2011|date=April 3, 2018|publisher=[[Crowley Broadcast Analysis]]|accessdate=January 30, 2022|archive-date=December 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203045745/https://maistocadas.mus.br/2011/|url-status=live}}</ref> | 14 |- ! scope="row"| Canada (Canadian Hot 100)<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/canadian-hot-100 | title=Best of 2011: Canadian 100 Songs | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | year=2011 | access-date=December 10, 2011 | archive-date=July 6, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706030935/https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/canadian-hot-100 | url-status=live }}</ref> | 8 |- ! scope="row"| Croatia International Airplay ([[Hrvatska radiotelevizija|HRT]])<ref name="CRO"></ref> | style="text-align:center;"|50 |- ! scope="row"|France (SNEP)<ref>{{cite web|title=Classement Singles – année 2011 |url=http://www.disqueenfrance.com/fr/pag-259376-Classements-Annuels.html?year=&type=1 |language=fr |publisher=[[SNEP]] |access-date=February 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224191355/http://www.disqueenfrance.com/fr/pag-259376-Classements-Annuels.html?year=&type=1 |archive-date=December 24, 2010 }}</ref> | 34 |- ! scope="row"|Germany (Official German Charts)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.de/charts/Single_Jahrescharts_2011 |title=2011 MTV EMA |publisher=MTV |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109011856/http://www.mtv.de/charts/Single_Jahrescharts_2011 |archive-date=January 9, 2012}}</ref> | 53 |- ! scope="row"|Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|title=MAHASZ Rádiós TOP 100 2011|url=http://www.mahasz.hu/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=eves_osszesitett_listak&id=radios&ev=2011|publisher=Mahasz|language=hu|access-date=February 23, 2012|archive-date=October 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019022242/http://www.mahasz.hu/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=eves_osszesitett_listak&id=radios&ev=2011|url-status=live}}</ref> | 26 |- ! scope="row"| Netherlands (Single Top 100)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dutchcharts.nl/jaaroverzichten.asp?year=2011&cat=s|title=Jaaroverzichten – Single 2011|publisher=MegaCharts|language=nl|access-date=December 2, 2019|archive-date=March 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324124718/https://www.dutchcharts.nl/jaaroverzichten.asp?year=2011&cat=s|url-status=live}}</ref> | 38 |- ! scope="row"| New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/annual-singles/2011-12-31|title=Annual Top 50 Singles Chart 2011|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]]|access-date=April 26, 2012|archive-date=October 27, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027085946/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/?chart=1862|url-status=live}}</ref> | 31 |- ! scope="row"| Romania (Romanian Top 100)<ref>{{cite web|title=Romanian Top 100 - Top of the Year 2011 |url=http://andreea.fm/2012/01/01/romanian-top-100-clasamentul-anului-2011|access-date=January 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112051650/http://andreea.fm/2012/01/01/romanian-top-100-clasamentul-anului-2011|archive-date=January 12, 2012 }}</ref> | 88 |- ! scope="row"| Spain (PROMUSICAE)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.promusicae.es/files/listasanuales/canciones/Top%2050%20CANCIONES%20ANUAL%202011.pdf |title=TOP 50 CANCIONES ANUAL 2011 |access-date=January 28, 2012 |publisher=PROMUSICAE |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509083803/http://www.promusicae.es/files/listasanuales/canciones/Top%2050%20CANCIONES%20ANUAL%202011.pdf |archive-date=May 9, 2013}}</ref> | 32 |- ! scope="row"| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sverigetopplistan.se/chart/43?dspy=2011&dspp=1|title=Årslista Singlar – År 2011|publisher=Sverigetopplistan|language=sv|access-date=December 2, 2019|archive-date=July 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715211223/https://www.sverigetopplistan.se/chart/43?dspy=2011&dspp=1|url-status=live}}</ref> | 43 |- ! scope="row"|Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hitparade.ch/year.asp?key=2011 |title=SCHWEIZER JAHRESHITPARADE 2011 |work=hitparade.ch |access-date=January 2, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815083859/http://hitparade.ch/year.asp?key=2011 |archive-date=August 15, 2013}}</ref> | 36 |- ! scope="row"| UK Singles (OCC)<ref>[http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/UKChartsPlusYE2011.pdf End of Year Charts 2011] UK Charts Plus {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915084445/http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/UKChartsPlusYE2011.pdf |date=September 15, 2012}}</ref> | 65 |- ! scope="row"| US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/hot-100-songs | title=Best of 2011: Hot 100 Songs | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | year=2011 | access-date=December 9, 2011 | archive-date=November 29, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121129041203/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2011/hot-r-and-and-b-hip-hop-songs | url-status=live }}</ref> | 3 |- ! scope="row"| US Adult Contemporary (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/adult-contemporary-songs|title=Adult Contemporary Songs – Year-End 2011|magazine=Billboard|date=January 2, 2013|access-date=April 28, 2020|archive-date=March 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302085623/https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/adult-contemporary-songs|url-status=live}}</ref> | 2 |- ! scope="row"| US Adult Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/adult-pop-songs|title=Adult Pop Songs – Year-End 2011|magazine=Billboard|date=January 2, 2013|access-date=April 28, 2020|archive-date=April 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419174326/https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/adult-pop-songs|url-status=live}}</ref> | 6 |- ! scope="row"| US Dance Club Songs (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/dance-club-songs|title=Dance Club Songs – Year-End 2011|magazine=Billboard|access-date=April 28, 2020|archive-date=April 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411084612/https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/dance-club-songs|url-status=live}}</ref> | 19 |- ! scope="row"| US Mainstream Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/pop-songs|title=Pop Songs – Year-End 2011|magazine=Billboard|date=January 2, 2013|access-date=April 28, 2020|archive-date=April 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403130303/https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/pop-songs|url-status=live}}</ref> | 8 |- ! scope="row"| US Rhythmic (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/rhythmic-songs|title=Rhythmic Songs – Year-End 2011|magazine=Billboard|date=December 9, 2014|access-date=September 11, 2019|archive-date=March 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331161112/https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/rhythmic-songs|url-status=live}}</ref> | 29 |} {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" !scope="col" style="width:20em"| Chart (2012) !scope="col"| Position |- ! scope="row"|France (SNEP)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://proxy.siteo.com.s3.amazonaws.com/www.snepmusique.com/file/singlefusionnes2012.pdf|title=Classement des 200 premiers Singles Fusionnés par GfK année 2012|publisher=SNEP|access-date=February 3, 2013|archive-date=September 30, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930141258/http://proxy.siteo.com.s3.amazonaws.com/www.snepmusique.com/file/albumsfusionnes2013.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | 133 |- ! scope="row"|UK Singles (OCC)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/UKChartsPlusEOY2012.pdf|title=End of Year 2012|work=[[UKChartsPlus]]|access-date=May 17, 2020|archive-date=April 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417030408/http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/UKChartsPlusEOY2012.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | 187 |} ===Decade-end charts=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |- !scope="col" style="width:20em"| Chart (2010–2019) ! scope="col"| Position |- ! scope="row"| Australia (ARIA)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ariacharts.com.au/annual-charts/2019/end-of-decade-singles-chart|title=2019 ARIA End of Decade Singles Chart|publisher=ARIA|date=January 2020|access-date=January 16, 2020|archive-date=January 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111005800/https://www.ariacharts.com.au/annual-charts/2019/end-of-decade-singles-chart|url-status=live}}</ref> | 25 |- ! scope="row"| US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/decade-end/hot-100|title=Decade-End Charts: Hot 100 Songs|magazine=Billboard|date=October 31, 2019|access-date=November 15, 2019|archive-date=February 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228142300/https://www.billboard.com/charts/decade-end/hot-100|url-status=live}}</ref> | 43 |} ===All-time charts=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- !scope="col" style="width:20em"| Chart (1958–2018) !scope="col"| Position |- !scope="row"|US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100-60th-anniversary|title=Billboard Hot 100 60th Anniversary|date=August 31, 2018|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=January 5, 2019|archive-date=August 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803021324/https://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100-60th-anniversary|url-status=live}}</ref> | 205 |} {{col-end}} == Certifications == {{Certification Table Top}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Australia|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|certyear=2025|type=single|award=Platinum|number=16|access-date=June 3, 2025}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Austria|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2024|type=single|award=Platinum|number=2|access-date=August 8, 2024}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Belgium|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2011|type=single|award=Gold|access-date=February 3, 2012}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Brazil|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|certyear=2024|type=single|award=Diamond|relyear=2010|access-date=April 10, 2024}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Canada|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2023|type=single|award=Diamond|access-date=March 19, 2025}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Denmark|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2022|type=single|award=Platinum|id=10969|access-date=January 25, 2022}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=France|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|nocert=true|type=single|award=|salesamount=140,000|salesref=<ref>{{cite web|last1=Goncalves |first1=Julien |title=Katy Perry: What are her 10 biggest hits in France?|url=http://www.chartsinfrance.net/Katy-Perry/news-104426.html |access-date=October 30, 2017 |language=fr |date=June 25, 2017 |publisher=Pure Charts |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001141856/http://www.chartsinfrance.net/Katy-Perry/news-104426.html |archive-date=October 1, 2017 }}</ref>}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Germany|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2018|type=single|award=Platinum|access-date=April 29, 2018}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Greece|award=Gold|certref=<ref>{{cite web|title=Email from Nick Stefanakis of IFPI Greece|url=https://www.mediafire.com/view/7zepebog75daric/Katy_Perry_IFPI_Greece_certifications.jpg/file|publisher= [[IFPI Greece]]|language=en|access-date=June 18, 2025}}</ref>|nosales=true}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Italy|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2013|type=single|award=Platinum|number=2|access-date=February 3, 2012|id=1876}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Japan|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2018|type=single|award=Gold|certmonth=01|digital=true|access-date=March 9, 2018}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Mexico|type=single|artist=Katy Perry|title=Firework|access-date=January 11, 2014|relyear=2010|award=Platinum+Gold}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=New Zealand|artist=Katy Perry|title=Firework|award=Platinum|number=4|type=single|relyear=2010|certyear=2015|access-date=December 14, 2024|source=radioscope}} {{Certification Table Entry|artist=Katy Perry|title=Firework|region=Norway|relyear=2010|certyear=2021|award=Platinum|number=4|type=single|access-date=November 19, 2021}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Portugal|award=Gold|type=single|relyear=2016|certyear=2020|artist=Katy Perry|title=Firework|id=file_2020-03-31-16-40-51.pdf|access-date=September 20, 2020}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Spain|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|type=single|award=Platinum|relyear=2010|certyear=2024|id=katy-perry-firework|access-date=January 12, 2024|refname=Spain Cert}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Sweden|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2011|type=single|award=Platinum|access-date=May 3, 2011}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Switzerland|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|certyear=2011|type=single|award=Gold|access-date=February 3, 2012|relyear=2010}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=United Kingdom|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|certyear=2025|type=single|award=Platinum|number=4|relyear=2010|id=8672-147-1|access-date=April 10, 2025}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=United States|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|certyear=2020|type=single|award=Platinum|number=12|relyear=2010|access-date=December 26, 2024|refname="RIAA"}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Canada|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2011|type=ringtone|award=Gold|refname=CAN2|access-date=April 28, 2022}} {{Certification Table Bottom|streaming=true}} == Release history == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+Release dates and formats for "Firework" ! scope="col" |Region ! scope="col" |Date ! scope="col" |Format ! scope="col" |Version(s) ! scope="col" |Label ! scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- ! scope="row" |United States |October 26, 2010 |[[Contemporary hit radio]] | rowspan="4" |Original | rowspan="7" |[[Capitol Records|Capitol]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="radio">{{Cite magazine|year=2010|title=FMQB: Radio Industry News, Music Industry Updates, Arbitron Ratings, Music News and more!|url=https://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=69239|magazine=[[FMQB]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215044351/https://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=69239|archive-date=December 15, 2010}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |United Kingdom |November 2, 2010 |[[Music download|Digital download]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="iTunesUK">{{cite web|title=Firework – Single by Katy Perry|url=https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/firework-single/id401336990|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101211134505/http://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/firework-single/id401336990|archive-date=December 11, 2010|access-date=November 20, 2010|publisher=[[iTunes Store]] (UK)}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |United States |November 16, 2010 |[[Rhythmic contemporary]] radio | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="radio" /> |- |November 22, 2010 |[[Adult contemporary music#Hot adult contemporary|Hot adult contemporary radio]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=November 22, 2010|title=FMQB: Radio Industry News, Music Industry Updates, Arbitron Ratings, Music News and more!|url=https://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=64265|magazine=[[FMQB]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206080757/https://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=64265|archive-date=December 6, 2010}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |United Kingdom |December 2, 2010 | rowspan="3" |[[CD single|CD]] | rowspan="2" |{{hlist|Original|Instrumental}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Firework: Amazon.co.uk: Music|url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Firework-Katy-Perry/dp/B0046K1G2Q/ref=sr_1_12?ie=UTF8&qid=1339873327&sr=8-12|website=Amazon UK}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |Germany |December 3, 2010 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="AmazonDE">{{cite web|title=Firework: Katy Perry: Amazon.de: Musik|url=https://www.amazon.de/dp/B0046K1G2Q|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120703132258/http://www.amazon.de/Firework-Katy-Perry/dp/B0046K1G2Q|archive-date=July 3, 2012|access-date=December 2, 2010|website=Amazon Germany|language=de}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |France |January 24, 2011 |Original | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Firework : Katy Perry en CD Single|url=http://musique.fnac.com/a3410482/Katy-Perry-Firework-CD-single|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308073447/http://musique.fnac.com/a3410482/Katy-Perry-Firework-CD-single|archive-date=March 8, 2012|access-date=March 6, 2011|publisher=Fnac.com|language=fr}}</ref> |} == References == <references/> ==Other websites== *{{YouTube|QGJuMBdaqIw|"Firework"}} *{{Allmusic|class=song|id=firework-mt0038561895}} {{Katy Perry}} {{music-stub}} [[Category:2010 songs]] [[Category:Katy Perry songs]] ss4w008f31gv268i47unlhf6j9t1dgv 10368415 10368377 2025-07-02T22:52:03Z LatestClash 1610566 /* Certifications */ 10368415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Firework | cover = | alt = | type = | artist = [[Katy Perry]] | album = [[Teenage Dream]] | EP = | written = | published = | released = October 26, 2010 | format = | recorded = 2009 at the Roc the Mic Studios in [[New York City]] | studio = | venue = | genre = [[Dance-pop]] | length = 3:47 | label = [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] | writer = {{hlist|Katy Perry|[[Stargate (production team)|Mikkel S. Eriksen]]|[[Stargate (production team)|Tor Erik Hermansen]]|[[Sandy Vee|Sandy Wilhelm]]|[[Ester Dean]]}} | composer = | lyricist = | producer = {{hlist|[[Stargate (production team)|StarGate]]|[[Sandy Vee]]}} | prev_title = [[Teenage Dream (song)|Teenage Dream]] | prev_year = 2010 | title = | next_title = [[E.T. (song)|E.T.]] | next_year = 2011 | misc = {{External music video|1={{YouTube|QGJuMBdaqIw|"Firework"}}}} }} "'''Firework'''" is a 2010 song by [[Katy Perry]] from her second major-label [[album]], ''[[Teenage Dream]]''. It was released on October 26, 2010. The song received a good review by music critics and claimed the top spot on [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/949557/katy-perrys-firework-shines-over-hot-100|title=Katy Perry's 'Firework' Shines Over Hot 100|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=2015-02-23}}</ref> The single hit top 5 on twenty charts worldwide. It reached the top three in most of the countries where it charted, including Australia and the UK. It topped charts in the US, Canada, and New Zealand. In the US, it was Perry's fourth number-one song altogether and the third in a streak of five number-ones. At the 2012 [[Grammy Awards]], "Firework" was nominated for [[Grammy Award for Record of the Year|Record of the Year]] and [[Grammy Award for Best Pop Solo Performance|Best Pop Solo Performance]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2012/grammys.htm|access-date=2015-02-23|title=54th Grammy Awards - 2012|publisher=Rock On the Net}}</ref> The song was certified Diamond in the US for shipments of over 10 million copies in that country alone.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&se=katy&col=highest_level&ord=desc#search_section|title=Gold & Platinum - RIAA|newspaper=RIAA|access-date=2018-01-18|language=en-US}}</ref> == Background == "Firework" was written by Perry, Mikkel S. Eriksen, Tor Erik Hermansen, Sandy Wilhelm, and Ester Dean while [[record producer|produced]] by Stargate and Sandy Vee at Soapbox [[Studio]]s in [[Atlanta]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]. It was recorded at Roc the Mic Studios in [[New York City]]. It was mixed at The Bunker Studios by Vee. [[Audio engineering]] was done by Carlos Oyandel and Damien Lewis. All instruments were done by Stargate and Vee. [[Lead vocals|Lead]] and background vocals were provided by Perry. Perry said that "Firework" is her favorite song on ''Teenage Dream''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Vena|first=Jocelyn|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1649047/20100930/perry_katy.jhtml|title=Katy Perry Tweets About 'Sparkling' New Music Video - Music, Celebrity, Artist News|publisher=MTV|date=2010-09-30|access-date=2011-03-20|archive-date=2010-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120232127/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1649047/20100930/perry_katy.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Music video == ===Development and release=== The music video was part of a partnership with European telecommunications company [[Deutsche Telekom]], which ran competitions to recruit fans for the video.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pro Posts|url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=Billboard|language=en-US}}</ref> Katy Perry started filming it on September 28, 2010.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Katy Perry Tweets About 'Sparkling' New Music Video|work=MTV News|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1649047/katy-perry-tweets-about-sparkling-new-music-video/|access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref> Directed by Dave Meyers and choreographed by Natricia Bernard, it was shot in [[Budapest]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sneak Peek of Katy Perry's "Firework" Music Video|url=http://www.katyperry.com/sneak-peek-of-katy-perrys-firework-music-video/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=www.katyperry.com}}</ref> The official teaser was released on October 15, 2010, and the open casting call received a record 38,000 applicants.<ref>{{Citation|last=Katy Perry|title=Katy Perry "Firework" Official Teaser Trailer (HD)|date=2010-10-15|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBmClxHUaJE|access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=XpatLoop.com - News|url=http://xpatloop.com/news/katy_perrys_video_made_in_budapest|access-date=2025-07-02|website=xpatloop.com|language=en}}</ref> Perry dedicated the video to the [[It Gets Better Project]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mapes|first=Jillian|date=2010-10-28|title=Katy Perry Dedicates Leaked ‘Firework’ Video to LGBT Campaign|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/katy-perry-dedicates-leaked-firework-video-to-lgbt-campaign-952410/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=Billboard|language=en-US}}</ref> It was released on TwitVid, DirectLyrics, and Youku on October 28, 2010, and premiered on [[YouTube]] the same day. By January 2024, it had over 1.4 billion views.<ref>{{Citation|last=KatyPerryVEVO|title=Katy Perry - Firework (Official)|date=2010-10-28|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QGJuMBdaqIw|access-date=2018-01-18}}</ref> === Synopsis === The video begins with Perry looking down at the city from a balcony, singing as [[Firework|fireworks]] explode from her [[soul]].<ref>{{Citation|last=KatyPerryVEVO|title=Katy Perry - #VevoCertified, Pt. 9: Firework (Katy Commentary)|date=2012-06-28|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uyFBmhADwbo|access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref> These fireworks inspire young people around the city to overcome their fears. A boy stops his parents’ fight to protect his sister, a shy girl at a pool party gains the courage to join in, a [[leukemia]] patient bravely walks outside despite losing her hair, a closeted gay teen kisses his friend at a club, and a young performer uses magic to escape muggers. Eventually, the youth gather at [[Buda Castle]], dancing and lighting up the night with their fireworks, as the camera pans up to the sky. === Reception === "Firework" was ranked No. 1 on [[MuchMusic]]'s top 50 videos of 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MuchMusic|title=Top 50 Videos of 2010|url=http://www.muchmusic.com/tv/specials/50videos/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=MuchMusic}}</ref> The video won Video of the Year at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards and was also nominated for Best Female Video and Best Video with a Message.<ref>{{Cite news|title=2011 MTV VMA Winners List|work=MTV News|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2298947/2011-vma-winners-list/|access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref> == Charts == {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} === Weekly charts === {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center" |- !scope="col" style="width:20em"| Chart (2010–2012) !scope="col"| Peak<br />position |- {{single chart|Australia|3|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Austria|3|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Flanders|5|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Wallonia|5|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Billboardcanadianhot100|1|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|CIS|59|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|songid=28355|rowheader=true|access-date=March 16, 2023}} |- ! scope="row"| Croatia International Airplay ([[Hrvatska radiotelevizija|HRT]])<ref name="CRO">{{Cite web|url=https://haw.nsk.hr/arhiva/vol4/2346/37913/www.soundguardian.com/file/ARC%20100%202011.xls|title=Airplay Radio Chart 2011 Year-end Edition|year=2011|access-date=May 4, 2025}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|6 |- {{single chart|Czech Republic|4|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|year=2011|week=08|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Czechdigital|95|year=2014|week=24|access-date=July 3, 2014|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Denmark|14|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- !scope="row"|Europe ([[European Hot 100 Singles]])<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Hits of the World: European Hot 100 Singles|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|volume=122|issue=48|page=43|date=December 4, 2010}}</ref> | 9 |- {{single chart|Finland|18|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|France|7|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- ! scope="row"|France Download ([[Syndicat National de l'Edition Phonographique|SNEP]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Les téléchargements de la semaine|url=https://lescharts.com/weekchart.asp?cat=si&year=2010&date=20101225|access-date=December 27, 2010|archive-date=June 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624165355/https://lescharts.com/weekchart.asp?cat=si&year=2010&date=20101225|url-status=live}}</ref> |5 |- ! scope="row"|France Airplay ([[Syndicat National de l'Edition Phonographique|SNEP]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Top de la semaine|url=https://snepmusique.com/classement-radio/?semaine=52%3F&annee=2010|access-date=January 3, 2011|archive-date=July 26, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726204709/https://snepmusique.com/classement-radio/?semaine=52%3F&annee=2010|url-status=live}}</ref> |style="text-align:center;"|1 |- {{single chart|Germany|4|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|songid=739665|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Hungary|2|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|week=1|year=2011|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Ireland2|2|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=January 17, 2020}} |- {{single chart|Israelairplay|3|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|week=02|year=2011|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Italy|4|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Billboardjapanhot100|27|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|artistid=305595|access-date=May 27, 2014|rowheader=true}} |- ! scope="row"| [[Luxembourg Digital Song Sales]] (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/biz/charts/2011-01-22/luxembourg-digital-songs|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|title=Luxembourg Digital Songs – January 22, 2011|access-date=April 21, 2020|archive-date=August 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813075313/https://www.billboard.com/biz/charts/2011-01-22/luxembourg-digital-songs|url-status=live}}</ref> | 3 |- ! scope="row"| Mexico ([[Mexico Airplay|''Billboard'' Mexican Airplay]])<ref>{{cite magazine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130109064604/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/internationalcharts/mexico |url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/internationalcharts/mexico |title=Mexico Airplay |date=January 16, 2013 |archive-date=January 9, 2013 |magazine=Billboard |url-status=dead}}</ref> | 4 |- ! scope="row"| Mexico Anglo ([[Monitor Latino]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top20/Print/Mexico/Anglo/20110425|title=Top 20 Anglo de México del 25 de abril al 1 de mayo, 2011|publisher=Monitor Latino|accessdate=June 10, 2019|date=May 2, 2011|language=es|archive-date=August 23, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823214906/http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top20/Print/Mexico/Anglo/20110425|url-status=live}}</ref> | 2 |- {{single chart|Dutch40|8|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Dutch100|6|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|New Zealand|1|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Norway|2|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Poland|3|chartid=277|year=2011|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Portugaldigitalsongs|3|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true}} |- ! scope="row"|Romania ([[Romanian Top 100]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.romanialibera.ro/arte/muzica/topul-celor-mai-difuzate-50-de-piese-la-radio-in-romania-215517.html|title=Topul celor mai difuzate 50 de piese la radio in Romania|work=[[Romanian Top 100]]|date=February 2, 2011 |access-date=March 6, 2011|archive-date=August 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814040009/http://www.romanialibera.ro/}}</ref> | 15 |- {{single chart|Russiaradio|69|date=20101210-20101216|publish-date=December 16, 2010|rowheader=true|access-date=June 18, 2025}} <!-- {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421201002/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/weekly/20101210-20101216|date=April 21, 2024}} --> |- {{single chart|Scotland|3|date=20101030|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Slovakia|2|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|year=2010|week=52|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Spain|14|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Sweden|4|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Switzerland|3|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|UK|3||date=20101120|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=uksinglechart3}} |- {{single chart|Billboardhot100|1|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Billboardadultcontemporary|1|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Billboardadultpopsongs|1|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Billboarddanceclubplay|1|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Billboarddanceairplay|1|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|access-date=November 19, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Billboardpopsongs|1|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Billboardrhythmic|5|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021}} |- ! scope="row"|Venezuela Pop Rock ([[Record Report]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.recordreport.com.ve/publico/?i=poprock |title=Pop Rock|language=es|publisher=Record Report|date=February 26, 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110226112919/http://recordreport.com.ve/publico/?i=poprock|archive-date=February 26, 2011}}</ref> | 1 |} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center" |- !scope="col" style="width:20em"| Chart (2013) !scope="col"| Peak<br />position |- {{single chart|UK|89||date=20131110|rowheader=true|access-date=8 May 2023}} |- |} {{col-2}} ===Year-end charts=== {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center" |- !scope="col" style="width:20em"| Chart (2010) !scope="col"| Position |- ! scope="row"| Australia (ARIA)<ref name="AUSendofyear">{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-top-100-singles-2010.htm |title=ARIA Charts – End of Year Charts – Top 100 Singles 2010 |publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] |access-date=January 9, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205172929/http://aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-top-100-singles-2010.htm |archive-date=December 5, 2010 }}</ref> | 24 |- ! scope="row"| Germany (Official German Charts)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.viva.tv/charts/viva-single-jahrescharts-2010-2010-277/ |title=VIVA Single Jahrescharts 2010–2010 |language=de |work=Viva |publisher=[[Media Control Charts]] |access-date=February 2, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128034105/http://www.viva.tv/charts/viva-single-jahrescharts-2010-2010-277 |archive-date=January 28, 2011 }}</ref> | 88 |- ! scope="row"| Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|title=MAHASZ Rádiós TOP 100 2010|url=http://www.mahasz.hu/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=eves_osszesitett_listak&id=radios&ev=2010|publisher=Mahasz|language=hu|access-date=March 10, 2011|archive-date=February 29, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229070108/http://www.mahasz.hu/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=eves_osszesitett_listak&id=radios&ev=2010|url-status=live}}</ref> | 94 |- ! scope="row"| Ireland (IRMA)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irma.ie/best2010.htm|title=Best of 2010|publisher=[[Irish Recorded Music Association]]|access-date=February 2, 2011|archive-date=February 5, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205230315/http://irma.ie/best2010.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | 9 |- ! scope="row"|Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.top40.nl/bijzondere-lijsten/top-100-jaaroverzichten/2010|title=Top 100-Jaaroverzicht van 2010|publisher=Dutch Top 40|access-date=December 2, 2019|archive-date=July 18, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718165002/https://www.top40.nl/bijzondere-lijsten/top-100-jaaroverzichten/2010|url-status=live}}</ref> | 75 |- ! scope="row"| New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart_annual.asp?chartYear=2010&chartKind=S |title=Annual Top 50 Singles Chart 2010 |publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]] |access-date=February 2, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724200945/http://rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart_annual.asp?chartYear=2010&chartKind=S |archive-date=July 24, 2011 }}</ref> | 17 |- ! scope="row"| UK Singles (OCC)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/cardle-at-no-1-again-eminemrihanna-take-that-scoop-2010-crowns/|title=Eminem/Rihanna & Take That scoop 2010 crowns|website=[[OfficialCharts.com]]|date=January 3, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709081921/http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/cardle-at-no-1-again-eminemrihanna-take-that-scoop-2010-crowns/|archive-date=July 9, 2014 }}</ref> | 19 |} {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" !scope="col" style="width:20em"| Chart (2011) !scope="col"| Position |- ! scope="row"| Australia (ARIA)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/documents/ARIAEOYChart2011.pdf |title=Adele's "21" crowned ARIA's highest selling album of 2011 LMFAO takes single honours with "Party Rock Anthem" |access-date=January 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414212836/http://www.aria.com.au/pages/documents/ARIAEOYChart2011.pdf |archive-date=April 14, 2012 }}</ref> | 28 |- ! scope="row"| Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oe3.orf.at/charts/stories/singleyear/ |title=Austria Top 40 |publisher=[[Hitradio Ö3]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104112351/http://oe3.orf.at/charts/stories/singleyear/ |archive-date=January 4, 2012 }}</ref> | 37 |- ! scope="row"| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ultratop.be/nl/annual.asp?year=2011&cat=s |title=JAAROVERZICHTEN 2011 |website=[[Ultratop]] |language=nl |access-date=December 29, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019190647/http://www.ultratop.be/nl/annual.asp?year=2011&cat=s |archive-date=October 19, 2012 }}</ref> | 57 |- ! scope="row"| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ultratop.be/fr/annual.asp?year=2011&cat=s |title=RAPPORTS ANNUELS 2011 |website=[[Ultratop]] |access-date=December 29, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019190631/http://www.ultratop.be/fr/annual.asp?year=2011&cat=s |archive-date=October 19, 2012 }}</ref> | 32 |- !scope="row" |Brazil ([[Crowley Broadcast Analysis|Crowley]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://maistocadas.mus.br/2011/|title=Brazilian Top 100 Year-End 2011|date=April 3, 2018|publisher=[[Crowley Broadcast Analysis]]|accessdate=January 30, 2022|archive-date=December 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203045745/https://maistocadas.mus.br/2011/|url-status=live}}</ref> | 14 |- ! scope="row"| Canada (Canadian Hot 100)<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/canadian-hot-100 | title=Best of 2011: Canadian 100 Songs | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | year=2011 | access-date=December 10, 2011 | archive-date=July 6, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706030935/https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/canadian-hot-100 | url-status=live }}</ref> | 8 |- ! scope="row"| Croatia International Airplay ([[Hrvatska radiotelevizija|HRT]])<ref name="CRO"></ref> | style="text-align:center;"|50 |- ! scope="row"|France (SNEP)<ref>{{cite web|title=Classement Singles – année 2011 |url=http://www.disqueenfrance.com/fr/pag-259376-Classements-Annuels.html?year=&type=1 |language=fr |publisher=[[SNEP]] |access-date=February 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224191355/http://www.disqueenfrance.com/fr/pag-259376-Classements-Annuels.html?year=&type=1 |archive-date=December 24, 2010 }}</ref> | 34 |- ! scope="row"|Germany (Official German Charts)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.de/charts/Single_Jahrescharts_2011 |title=2011 MTV EMA |publisher=MTV |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109011856/http://www.mtv.de/charts/Single_Jahrescharts_2011 |archive-date=January 9, 2012}}</ref> | 53 |- ! scope="row"|Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|title=MAHASZ Rádiós TOP 100 2011|url=http://www.mahasz.hu/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=eves_osszesitett_listak&id=radios&ev=2011|publisher=Mahasz|language=hu|access-date=February 23, 2012|archive-date=October 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019022242/http://www.mahasz.hu/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=eves_osszesitett_listak&id=radios&ev=2011|url-status=live}}</ref> | 26 |- ! scope="row"| Netherlands (Single Top 100)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dutchcharts.nl/jaaroverzichten.asp?year=2011&cat=s|title=Jaaroverzichten – Single 2011|publisher=MegaCharts|language=nl|access-date=December 2, 2019|archive-date=March 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324124718/https://www.dutchcharts.nl/jaaroverzichten.asp?year=2011&cat=s|url-status=live}}</ref> | 38 |- ! scope="row"| New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/annual-singles/2011-12-31|title=Annual Top 50 Singles Chart 2011|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]]|access-date=April 26, 2012|archive-date=October 27, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027085946/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/?chart=1862|url-status=live}}</ref> | 31 |- ! scope="row"| Romania (Romanian Top 100)<ref>{{cite web|title=Romanian Top 100 - Top of the Year 2011 |url=http://andreea.fm/2012/01/01/romanian-top-100-clasamentul-anului-2011|access-date=January 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112051650/http://andreea.fm/2012/01/01/romanian-top-100-clasamentul-anului-2011|archive-date=January 12, 2012 }}</ref> | 88 |- ! scope="row"| Spain (PROMUSICAE)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.promusicae.es/files/listasanuales/canciones/Top%2050%20CANCIONES%20ANUAL%202011.pdf |title=TOP 50 CANCIONES ANUAL 2011 |access-date=January 28, 2012 |publisher=PROMUSICAE |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509083803/http://www.promusicae.es/files/listasanuales/canciones/Top%2050%20CANCIONES%20ANUAL%202011.pdf |archive-date=May 9, 2013}}</ref> | 32 |- ! scope="row"| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sverigetopplistan.se/chart/43?dspy=2011&dspp=1|title=Årslista Singlar – År 2011|publisher=Sverigetopplistan|language=sv|access-date=December 2, 2019|archive-date=July 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715211223/https://www.sverigetopplistan.se/chart/43?dspy=2011&dspp=1|url-status=live}}</ref> | 43 |- ! scope="row"|Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hitparade.ch/year.asp?key=2011 |title=SCHWEIZER JAHRESHITPARADE 2011 |work=hitparade.ch |access-date=January 2, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815083859/http://hitparade.ch/year.asp?key=2011 |archive-date=August 15, 2013}}</ref> | 36 |- ! scope="row"| UK Singles (OCC)<ref>[http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/UKChartsPlusYE2011.pdf End of Year Charts 2011] UK Charts Plus {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915084445/http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/UKChartsPlusYE2011.pdf |date=September 15, 2012}}</ref> | 65 |- ! scope="row"| US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/hot-100-songs | title=Best of 2011: Hot 100 Songs | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | year=2011 | access-date=December 9, 2011 | archive-date=November 29, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121129041203/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2011/hot-r-and-and-b-hip-hop-songs | url-status=live }}</ref> | 3 |- ! scope="row"| US Adult Contemporary (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/adult-contemporary-songs|title=Adult Contemporary Songs – Year-End 2011|magazine=Billboard|date=January 2, 2013|access-date=April 28, 2020|archive-date=March 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302085623/https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/adult-contemporary-songs|url-status=live}}</ref> | 2 |- ! scope="row"| US Adult Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/adult-pop-songs|title=Adult Pop Songs – Year-End 2011|magazine=Billboard|date=January 2, 2013|access-date=April 28, 2020|archive-date=April 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419174326/https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/adult-pop-songs|url-status=live}}</ref> | 6 |- ! scope="row"| US Dance Club Songs (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/dance-club-songs|title=Dance Club Songs – Year-End 2011|magazine=Billboard|access-date=April 28, 2020|archive-date=April 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411084612/https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/dance-club-songs|url-status=live}}</ref> | 19 |- ! scope="row"| US Mainstream Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/pop-songs|title=Pop Songs – Year-End 2011|magazine=Billboard|date=January 2, 2013|access-date=April 28, 2020|archive-date=April 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403130303/https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/pop-songs|url-status=live}}</ref> | 8 |- ! scope="row"| US Rhythmic (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/rhythmic-songs|title=Rhythmic Songs – Year-End 2011|magazine=Billboard|date=December 9, 2014|access-date=September 11, 2019|archive-date=March 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331161112/https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/rhythmic-songs|url-status=live}}</ref> | 29 |} {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" !scope="col" style="width:20em"| Chart (2012) !scope="col"| Position |- ! scope="row"|France (SNEP)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://proxy.siteo.com.s3.amazonaws.com/www.snepmusique.com/file/singlefusionnes2012.pdf|title=Classement des 200 premiers Singles Fusionnés par GfK année 2012|publisher=SNEP|access-date=February 3, 2013|archive-date=September 30, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930141258/http://proxy.siteo.com.s3.amazonaws.com/www.snepmusique.com/file/albumsfusionnes2013.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | 133 |- ! scope="row"|UK Singles (OCC)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/UKChartsPlusEOY2012.pdf|title=End of Year 2012|work=[[UKChartsPlus]]|access-date=May 17, 2020|archive-date=April 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417030408/http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/UKChartsPlusEOY2012.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | 187 |} ===Decade-end charts=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |- !scope="col" style="width:20em"| Chart (2010–2019) ! scope="col"| Position |- ! scope="row"| Australia (ARIA)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ariacharts.com.au/annual-charts/2019/end-of-decade-singles-chart|title=2019 ARIA End of Decade Singles Chart|publisher=ARIA|date=January 2020|access-date=January 16, 2020|archive-date=January 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111005800/https://www.ariacharts.com.au/annual-charts/2019/end-of-decade-singles-chart|url-status=live}}</ref> | 25 |- ! scope="row"| US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/decade-end/hot-100|title=Decade-End Charts: Hot 100 Songs|magazine=Billboard|date=October 31, 2019|access-date=November 15, 2019|archive-date=February 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228142300/https://www.billboard.com/charts/decade-end/hot-100|url-status=live}}</ref> | 43 |} ===All-time charts=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- !scope="col" style="width:20em"| Chart (1958–2018) !scope="col"| Position |- !scope="row"|US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100-60th-anniversary|title=Billboard Hot 100 60th Anniversary|date=August 31, 2018|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=January 5, 2019|archive-date=August 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803021324/https://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100-60th-anniversary|url-status=live}}</ref> | 205 |} {{col-end}} == Certifications == {{Certification Table Top}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Australia|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|certyear=2025|type=single|award=Platinum|number=16}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Austria|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2024|type=single|award=Platinum|number=2|access-date=August 8, 2024}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Belgium|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2011|type=single|award=Gold|access-date=February 3, 2012}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Brazil|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|certyear=2024|type=single|award=Diamond|relyear=2010|access-date=April 10, 2024}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Canada|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2023|type=single|award=Diamond|access-date=March 19, 2025}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Denmark|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2022|type=single|award=Platinum|id=10969|access-date=January 25, 2022}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=France|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|nocert=true|type=single|award=|salesamount=140,000|salesref=<ref>{{cite web|last1=Goncalves |first1=Julien |title=Katy Perry: What are her 10 biggest hits in France?|url=http://www.chartsinfrance.net/Katy-Perry/news-104426.html |access-date=October 30, 2017 |language=fr |date=June 25, 2017 |publisher=Pure Charts |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001141856/http://www.chartsinfrance.net/Katy-Perry/news-104426.html |archive-date=October 1, 2017 }}</ref>}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Germany|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2018|type=single|award=Platinum|access-date=April 29, 2018}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Greece|award=Gold|certref=<ref>{{cite web|title=Email from Nick Stefanakis of IFPI Greece|url=https://www.mediafire.com/view/7zepebog75daric/Katy_Perry_IFPI_Greece_certifications.jpg/file|publisher= [[IFPI Greece]]|language=en|access-date=June 18, 2025}}</ref>|nosales=true}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Italy|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2013|type=single|award=Platinum|number=2|access-date=February 3, 2012|id=1876}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Japan|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2018|type=single|award=Gold|certmonth=01|digital=true|access-date=March 9, 2018}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Mexico|type=single|artist=Katy Perry|title=Firework|access-date=January 11, 2014|relyear=2010|award=Platinum+Gold}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=New Zealand|artist=Katy Perry|title=Firework|award=Platinum|number=4|type=single|relyear=2010|certyear=2015|access-date=December 14, 2024|source=radioscope}} {{Certification Table Entry|artist=Katy Perry|title=Firework|region=Norway|relyear=2010|certyear=2021|award=Platinum|number=4|type=single|access-date=November 19, 2021}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Portugal|award=Gold|type=single|relyear=2016|certyear=2020|artist=Katy Perry|title=Firework|id=file_2020-03-31-16-40-51.pdf|access-date=September 20, 2020}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Spain|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|type=single|award=Platinum|relyear=2010|certyear=2024|id=katy-perry-firework|access-date=January 12, 2024|refname=Spain Cert}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Sweden|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2011|type=single|award=Platinum|access-date=May 3, 2011}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Switzerland|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|certyear=2011|type=single|award=Gold|access-date=February 3, 2012|relyear=2010}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=United Kingdom|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|certyear=2025|type=single|award=Platinum|number=4|relyear=2010|id=8672-147-1|access-date=April 10, 2025}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=United States|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|certyear=2020|type=single|award=Platinum|number=12|relyear=2010|access-date=December 26, 2024|refname="RIAA"}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Canada|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2011|type=ringtone|award=Gold|refname=CAN2|access-date=April 28, 2022}} {{Certification Table Bottom|streaming=true}} == Release history == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+Release dates and formats for "Firework" ! scope="col" |Region ! scope="col" |Date ! scope="col" |Format ! scope="col" |Version(s) ! scope="col" |Label ! scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- ! scope="row" |United States |October 26, 2010 |[[Contemporary hit radio]] | rowspan="4" |Original | rowspan="7" |[[Capitol Records|Capitol]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="radio">{{Cite magazine|year=2010|title=FMQB: Radio Industry News, Music Industry Updates, Arbitron Ratings, Music News and more!|url=https://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=69239|magazine=[[FMQB]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215044351/https://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=69239|archive-date=December 15, 2010}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |United Kingdom |November 2, 2010 |[[Music download|Digital download]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="iTunesUK">{{cite web|title=Firework – Single by Katy Perry|url=https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/firework-single/id401336990|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101211134505/http://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/firework-single/id401336990|archive-date=December 11, 2010|access-date=November 20, 2010|publisher=[[iTunes Store]] (UK)}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |United States |November 16, 2010 |[[Rhythmic contemporary]] radio | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="radio" /> |- |November 22, 2010 |[[Adult contemporary music#Hot adult contemporary|Hot adult contemporary radio]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=November 22, 2010|title=FMQB: Radio Industry News, Music Industry Updates, Arbitron Ratings, Music News and more!|url=https://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=64265|magazine=[[FMQB]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206080757/https://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=64265|archive-date=December 6, 2010}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |United Kingdom |December 2, 2010 | rowspan="3" |[[CD single|CD]] | rowspan="2" |{{hlist|Original|Instrumental}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Firework: Amazon.co.uk: Music|url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Firework-Katy-Perry/dp/B0046K1G2Q/ref=sr_1_12?ie=UTF8&qid=1339873327&sr=8-12|website=Amazon UK}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |Germany |December 3, 2010 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="AmazonDE">{{cite web|title=Firework: Katy Perry: Amazon.de: Musik|url=https://www.amazon.de/dp/B0046K1G2Q|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120703132258/http://www.amazon.de/Firework-Katy-Perry/dp/B0046K1G2Q|archive-date=July 3, 2012|access-date=December 2, 2010|website=Amazon Germany|language=de}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |France |January 24, 2011 |Original | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Firework : Katy Perry en CD Single|url=http://musique.fnac.com/a3410482/Katy-Perry-Firework-CD-single|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308073447/http://musique.fnac.com/a3410482/Katy-Perry-Firework-CD-single|archive-date=March 8, 2012|access-date=March 6, 2011|publisher=Fnac.com|language=fr}}</ref> |} == References == <references/> ==Other websites== *{{YouTube|QGJuMBdaqIw|"Firework"}} *{{Allmusic|class=song|id=firework-mt0038561895}} {{Katy Perry}} {{music-stub}} [[Category:2010 songs]] [[Category:Katy Perry songs]] hr5ayfsucuz39p7wlqrlv9r9pt1jhak 10368472 10368415 2025-07-02T23:27:05Z LatestClash 1610566 /* Certifications */ 10368472 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Firework | cover = | alt = | type = | artist = [[Katy Perry]] | album = [[Teenage Dream]] | EP = | written = | published = | released = October 26, 2010 | format = | recorded = 2009 at the Roc the Mic Studios in [[New York City]] | studio = | venue = | genre = [[Dance-pop]] | length = 3:47 | label = [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] | writer = {{hlist|Katy Perry|[[Stargate (production team)|Mikkel S. Eriksen]]|[[Stargate (production team)|Tor Erik Hermansen]]|[[Sandy Vee|Sandy Wilhelm]]|[[Ester Dean]]}} | composer = | lyricist = | producer = {{hlist|[[Stargate (production team)|StarGate]]|[[Sandy Vee]]}} | prev_title = [[Teenage Dream (song)|Teenage Dream]] | prev_year = 2010 | title = | next_title = [[E.T. (song)|E.T.]] | next_year = 2011 | misc = {{External music video|1={{YouTube|QGJuMBdaqIw|"Firework"}}}} }} "'''Firework'''" is a 2010 song by [[Katy Perry]] from her second major-label [[album]], ''[[Teenage Dream]]''. It was released on October 26, 2010. The song received a good review by music critics and claimed the top spot on [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/949557/katy-perrys-firework-shines-over-hot-100|title=Katy Perry's 'Firework' Shines Over Hot 100|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=2015-02-23}}</ref> The single hit top 5 on twenty charts worldwide. It reached the top three in most of the countries where it charted, including Australia and the UK. It topped charts in the US, Canada, and New Zealand. In the US, it was Perry's fourth number-one song altogether and the third in a streak of five number-ones. At the 2012 [[Grammy Awards]], "Firework" was nominated for [[Grammy Award for Record of the Year|Record of the Year]] and [[Grammy Award for Best Pop Solo Performance|Best Pop Solo Performance]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2012/grammys.htm|access-date=2015-02-23|title=54th Grammy Awards - 2012|publisher=Rock On the Net}}</ref> The song was certified Diamond in the US for shipments of over 10 million copies in that country alone.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&se=katy&col=highest_level&ord=desc#search_section|title=Gold & Platinum - RIAA|newspaper=RIAA|access-date=2018-01-18|language=en-US}}</ref> == Background == "Firework" was written by Perry, Mikkel S. Eriksen, Tor Erik Hermansen, Sandy Wilhelm, and Ester Dean while [[record producer|produced]] by Stargate and Sandy Vee at Soapbox [[Studio]]s in [[Atlanta]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]. It was recorded at Roc the Mic Studios in [[New York City]]. It was mixed at The Bunker Studios by Vee. [[Audio engineering]] was done by Carlos Oyandel and Damien Lewis. All instruments were done by Stargate and Vee. [[Lead vocals|Lead]] and background vocals were provided by Perry. Perry said that "Firework" is her favorite song on ''Teenage Dream''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Vena|first=Jocelyn|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1649047/20100930/perry_katy.jhtml|title=Katy Perry Tweets About 'Sparkling' New Music Video - Music, Celebrity, Artist News|publisher=MTV|date=2010-09-30|access-date=2011-03-20|archive-date=2010-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120232127/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1649047/20100930/perry_katy.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Music video == ===Development and release=== The music video was part of a partnership with European telecommunications company [[Deutsche Telekom]], which ran competitions to recruit fans for the video.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pro Posts|url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=Billboard|language=en-US}}</ref> Katy Perry started filming it on September 28, 2010.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Katy Perry Tweets About 'Sparkling' New Music Video|work=MTV News|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1649047/katy-perry-tweets-about-sparkling-new-music-video/|access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref> Directed by Dave Meyers and choreographed by Natricia Bernard, it was shot in [[Budapest]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sneak Peek of Katy Perry's "Firework" Music Video|url=http://www.katyperry.com/sneak-peek-of-katy-perrys-firework-music-video/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=www.katyperry.com}}</ref> The official teaser was released on October 15, 2010, and the open casting call received a record 38,000 applicants.<ref>{{Citation|last=Katy Perry|title=Katy Perry "Firework" Official Teaser Trailer (HD)|date=2010-10-15|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBmClxHUaJE|access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=XpatLoop.com - News|url=http://xpatloop.com/news/katy_perrys_video_made_in_budapest|access-date=2025-07-02|website=xpatloop.com|language=en}}</ref> Perry dedicated the video to the [[It Gets Better Project]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mapes|first=Jillian|date=2010-10-28|title=Katy Perry Dedicates Leaked ‘Firework’ Video to LGBT Campaign|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/katy-perry-dedicates-leaked-firework-video-to-lgbt-campaign-952410/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=Billboard|language=en-US}}</ref> It was released on TwitVid, DirectLyrics, and Youku on October 28, 2010, and premiered on [[YouTube]] the same day. By January 2024, it had over 1.4 billion views.<ref>{{Citation|last=KatyPerryVEVO|title=Katy Perry - Firework (Official)|date=2010-10-28|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QGJuMBdaqIw|access-date=2018-01-18}}</ref> === Synopsis === The video begins with Perry looking down at the city from a balcony, singing as [[Firework|fireworks]] explode from her [[soul]].<ref>{{Citation|last=KatyPerryVEVO|title=Katy Perry - #VevoCertified, Pt. 9: Firework (Katy Commentary)|date=2012-06-28|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uyFBmhADwbo|access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref> These fireworks inspire young people around the city to overcome their fears. A boy stops his parents’ fight to protect his sister, a shy girl at a pool party gains the courage to join in, a [[leukemia]] patient bravely walks outside despite losing her hair, a closeted gay teen kisses his friend at a club, and a young performer uses magic to escape muggers. Eventually, the youth gather at [[Buda Castle]], dancing and lighting up the night with their fireworks, as the camera pans up to the sky. === Reception === "Firework" was ranked No. 1 on [[MuchMusic]]'s top 50 videos of 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MuchMusic|title=Top 50 Videos of 2010|url=http://www.muchmusic.com/tv/specials/50videos/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=MuchMusic}}</ref> The video won Video of the Year at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards and was also nominated for Best Female Video and Best Video with a Message.<ref>{{Cite news|title=2011 MTV VMA Winners List|work=MTV News|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2298947/2011-vma-winners-list/|access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref> == Charts == {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} === Weekly charts === {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center" |- !scope="col" style="width:20em"| Chart (2010–2012) !scope="col"| Peak<br />position |- {{single chart|Australia|3|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Austria|3|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Flanders|5|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Wallonia|5|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Billboardcanadianhot100|1|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|song=Firework|refname=}} |- {{single chart|CIS|59|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|songid=28355|rowheader=true|access-date=March 16, 2023|refname=}} |- ! scope="row"| Croatia International Airplay ([[Hrvatska radiotelevizija|HRT]])<ref name="CRO">{{Cite web|url=https://haw.nsk.hr/arhiva/vol4/2346/37913/www.soundguardian.com/file/ARC%20100%202011.xls|title=Airplay Radio Chart 2011 Year-end Edition|year=2011|access-date=May 4, 2025}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|6 |- {{single chart|Czech Republic|4|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|year=2011|week=08|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Czechdigital|95|year=2014|week=24|access-date=July 3, 2014|rowheader=true|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Denmark|14|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- !scope="row"|Europe ([[European Hot 100 Singles]])<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Hits of the World: European Hot 100 Singles|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|volume=122|issue=48|page=43|date=December 4, 2010}}</ref> | 9 |- {{single chart|Finland|18|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|France|7|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- ! scope="row"|France Download ([[Syndicat National de l'Edition Phonographique|SNEP]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Les téléchargements de la semaine|url=https://lescharts.com/weekchart.asp?cat=si&year=2010&date=20101225|access-date=December 27, 2010|archive-date=June 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624165355/https://lescharts.com/weekchart.asp?cat=si&year=2010&date=20101225|url-status=live}}</ref> |5 |- ! scope="row"|France Airplay ([[Syndicat National de l'Edition Phonographique|SNEP]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Top de la semaine|url=https://snepmusique.com/classement-radio/?semaine=52%3F&annee=2010|access-date=January 3, 2011|archive-date=July 26, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726204709/https://snepmusique.com/classement-radio/?semaine=52%3F&annee=2010|url-status=live}}</ref> |style="text-align:center;"|1 |- {{single chart|Germany|4|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|songid=739665|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Hungary|2|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|week=1|year=2011|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Ireland2|2|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=January 17, 2020|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Israelairplay|3|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|week=02|year=2011|rowheader=true|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Italy|4|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Billboardjapanhot100|27|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|artistid=305595|access-date=May 27, 2014|rowheader=true|refname=}} |- ! scope="row"| [[Luxembourg Digital Song Sales]] (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/biz/charts/2011-01-22/luxembourg-digital-songs|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|title=Luxembourg Digital Songs – January 22, 2011|access-date=April 21, 2020|archive-date=August 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813075313/https://www.billboard.com/biz/charts/2011-01-22/luxembourg-digital-songs|url-status=live}}</ref> | 3 |- ! scope="row"| Mexico ([[Mexico Airplay|''Billboard'' Mexican Airplay]])<ref>{{cite magazine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130109064604/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/internationalcharts/mexico |url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/internationalcharts/mexico |title=Mexico Airplay |date=January 16, 2013 |archive-date=January 9, 2013 |magazine=Billboard |url-status=dead}}</ref> | 4 |- ! scope="row"| Mexico Anglo ([[Monitor Latino]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top20/Print/Mexico/Anglo/20110425|title=Top 20 Anglo de México del 25 de abril al 1 de mayo, 2011|publisher=Monitor Latino|accessdate=June 10, 2019|date=May 2, 2011|language=es|archive-date=August 23, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823214906/http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top20/Print/Mexico/Anglo/20110425|url-status=live}}</ref> | 2 |- {{single chart|Dutch40|8|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Dutch100|6|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|New Zealand|1|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Norway|2|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Poland|3|chartid=277|year=2011|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Portugaldigitalsongs|3|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|song=Firework|refname=}} |- ! scope="row"|Romania ([[Romanian Top 100]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.romanialibera.ro/arte/muzica/topul-celor-mai-difuzate-50-de-piese-la-radio-in-romania-215517.html|title=Topul celor mai difuzate 50 de piese la radio in Romania|work=[[Romanian Top 100]]|date=February 2, 2011 |access-date=March 6, 2011|archive-date=August 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814040009/http://www.romanialibera.ro/}}</ref> | 15 |- {{single chart|Russia|69|date=20101210-20101216|publish-date=December 16, 2010|rowheader=true|access-date=June 18, 2025|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|refname=}} <!-- {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421201002/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/weekly/20101210-20101216|date=April 21, 2024}} --> |- {{single chart|Scotland|3|date=20101030|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Slovakia|2|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|year=2010|week=52|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Spain|14|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Sweden|4|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Switzerland|3|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|UK|3||date=20101120|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=uksinglechart3|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework}} |- {{single chart|Billboardhot100|1|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|song=Firework|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Billboardadultcontemporary|1|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|song=Firework|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Billboardadultpopsongs|1|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|song=Firework|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Billboarddanceclubplay|1|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|song=Firework|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Billboarddanceairplay|1|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|access-date=November 19, 2021|song=Firework|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Billboardpopsongs|1|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|song=Firework|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Billboardrhythmic|5|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|song=Firework|refname=}} |- ! scope="row"|Venezuela Pop Rock ([[Record Report]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.recordreport.com.ve/publico/?i=poprock |title=Pop Rock|language=es|publisher=Record Report|date=February 26, 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110226112919/http://recordreport.com.ve/publico/?i=poprock|archive-date=February 26, 2011}}</ref> | 1 |} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center" |- !scope="col" style="width:20em"| Chart (2013) !scope="col"| Peak<br />position |- {{single chart|UK|89||date=20131110|rowheader=true|access-date=8 May 2023|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|refname=}} |- |} {{col-2}} ===Year-end charts=== {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center" |- !scope="col" style="width:20em"| Chart (2010) !scope="col"| Position |- ! scope="row"| Australia (ARIA)<ref name="AUSendofyear">{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-top-100-singles-2010.htm |title=ARIA Charts – End of Year Charts – Top 100 Singles 2010 |publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] |access-date=January 9, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205172929/http://aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-top-100-singles-2010.htm |archive-date=December 5, 2010 }}</ref> | 24 |- ! scope="row"| Germany (Official German Charts)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.viva.tv/charts/viva-single-jahrescharts-2010-2010-277/ |title=VIVA Single Jahrescharts 2010–2010 |language=de |work=Viva |publisher=[[Media Control Charts]] |access-date=February 2, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128034105/http://www.viva.tv/charts/viva-single-jahrescharts-2010-2010-277 |archive-date=January 28, 2011 }}</ref> | 88 |- ! scope="row"| Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|title=MAHASZ Rádiós TOP 100 2010|url=http://www.mahasz.hu/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=eves_osszesitett_listak&id=radios&ev=2010|publisher=Mahasz|language=hu|access-date=March 10, 2011|archive-date=February 29, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229070108/http://www.mahasz.hu/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=eves_osszesitett_listak&id=radios&ev=2010|url-status=live}}</ref> | 94 |- ! scope="row"| Ireland (IRMA)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irma.ie/best2010.htm|title=Best of 2010|publisher=[[Irish Recorded Music Association]]|access-date=February 2, 2011|archive-date=February 5, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205230315/http://irma.ie/best2010.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | 9 |- ! scope="row"|Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.top40.nl/bijzondere-lijsten/top-100-jaaroverzichten/2010|title=Top 100-Jaaroverzicht van 2010|publisher=Dutch Top 40|access-date=December 2, 2019|archive-date=July 18, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718165002/https://www.top40.nl/bijzondere-lijsten/top-100-jaaroverzichten/2010|url-status=live}}</ref> | 75 |- ! scope="row"| New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart_annual.asp?chartYear=2010&chartKind=S |title=Annual Top 50 Singles Chart 2010 |publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]] |access-date=February 2, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724200945/http://rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart_annual.asp?chartYear=2010&chartKind=S |archive-date=July 24, 2011 }}</ref> | 17 |- ! scope="row"| UK Singles (OCC)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/cardle-at-no-1-again-eminemrihanna-take-that-scoop-2010-crowns/|title=Eminem/Rihanna & Take That scoop 2010 crowns|website=[[OfficialCharts.com]]|date=January 3, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709081921/http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/cardle-at-no-1-again-eminemrihanna-take-that-scoop-2010-crowns/|archive-date=July 9, 2014 }}</ref> | 19 |} {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" !scope="col" style="width:20em"| Chart (2011) !scope="col"| Position |- ! scope="row"| Australia (ARIA)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/documents/ARIAEOYChart2011.pdf |title=Adele's "21" crowned ARIA's highest selling album of 2011 LMFAO takes single honours with "Party Rock Anthem" |access-date=January 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414212836/http://www.aria.com.au/pages/documents/ARIAEOYChart2011.pdf |archive-date=April 14, 2012 }}</ref> | 28 |- ! scope="row"| Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oe3.orf.at/charts/stories/singleyear/ |title=Austria Top 40 |publisher=[[Hitradio Ö3]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104112351/http://oe3.orf.at/charts/stories/singleyear/ |archive-date=January 4, 2012 }}</ref> | 37 |- ! scope="row"| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ultratop.be/nl/annual.asp?year=2011&cat=s |title=JAAROVERZICHTEN 2011 |website=[[Ultratop]] |language=nl |access-date=December 29, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019190647/http://www.ultratop.be/nl/annual.asp?year=2011&cat=s |archive-date=October 19, 2012 }}</ref> | 57 |- ! scope="row"| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ultratop.be/fr/annual.asp?year=2011&cat=s |title=RAPPORTS ANNUELS 2011 |website=[[Ultratop]] |access-date=December 29, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019190631/http://www.ultratop.be/fr/annual.asp?year=2011&cat=s |archive-date=October 19, 2012 }}</ref> | 32 |- !scope="row" |Brazil ([[Crowley Broadcast Analysis|Crowley]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://maistocadas.mus.br/2011/|title=Brazilian Top 100 Year-End 2011|date=April 3, 2018|publisher=[[Crowley Broadcast Analysis]]|accessdate=January 30, 2022|archive-date=December 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203045745/https://maistocadas.mus.br/2011/|url-status=live}}</ref> | 14 |- ! scope="row"| Canada (Canadian Hot 100)<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/canadian-hot-100 | title=Best of 2011: Canadian 100 Songs | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | year=2011 | access-date=December 10, 2011 | archive-date=July 6, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706030935/https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/canadian-hot-100 | url-status=live }}</ref> | 8 |- ! scope="row"| Croatia International Airplay ([[Hrvatska radiotelevizija|HRT]])<ref name="CRO"></ref> | style="text-align:center;"|50 |- ! scope="row"|France (SNEP)<ref>{{cite web|title=Classement Singles – année 2011 |url=http://www.disqueenfrance.com/fr/pag-259376-Classements-Annuels.html?year=&type=1 |language=fr |publisher=[[SNEP]] |access-date=February 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224191355/http://www.disqueenfrance.com/fr/pag-259376-Classements-Annuels.html?year=&type=1 |archive-date=December 24, 2010 }}</ref> | 34 |- ! scope="row"|Germany (Official German Charts)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.de/charts/Single_Jahrescharts_2011 |title=2011 MTV EMA |publisher=MTV |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109011856/http://www.mtv.de/charts/Single_Jahrescharts_2011 |archive-date=January 9, 2012}}</ref> | 53 |- ! scope="row"|Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|title=MAHASZ Rádiós TOP 100 2011|url=http://www.mahasz.hu/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=eves_osszesitett_listak&id=radios&ev=2011|publisher=Mahasz|language=hu|access-date=February 23, 2012|archive-date=October 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019022242/http://www.mahasz.hu/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=eves_osszesitett_listak&id=radios&ev=2011|url-status=live}}</ref> | 26 |- ! scope="row"| Netherlands (Single Top 100)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dutchcharts.nl/jaaroverzichten.asp?year=2011&cat=s|title=Jaaroverzichten – Single 2011|publisher=MegaCharts|language=nl|access-date=December 2, 2019|archive-date=March 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324124718/https://www.dutchcharts.nl/jaaroverzichten.asp?year=2011&cat=s|url-status=live}}</ref> | 38 |- ! scope="row"| New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/annual-singles/2011-12-31|title=Annual Top 50 Singles Chart 2011|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]]|access-date=April 26, 2012|archive-date=October 27, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027085946/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/?chart=1862|url-status=live}}</ref> | 31 |- ! scope="row"| Romania (Romanian Top 100)<ref>{{cite web|title=Romanian Top 100 - Top of the Year 2011 |url=http://andreea.fm/2012/01/01/romanian-top-100-clasamentul-anului-2011|access-date=January 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112051650/http://andreea.fm/2012/01/01/romanian-top-100-clasamentul-anului-2011|archive-date=January 12, 2012 }}</ref> | 88 |- ! scope="row"| Spain (PROMUSICAE)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.promusicae.es/files/listasanuales/canciones/Top%2050%20CANCIONES%20ANUAL%202011.pdf |title=TOP 50 CANCIONES ANUAL 2011 |access-date=January 28, 2012 |publisher=PROMUSICAE |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509083803/http://www.promusicae.es/files/listasanuales/canciones/Top%2050%20CANCIONES%20ANUAL%202011.pdf |archive-date=May 9, 2013}}</ref> | 32 |- ! scope="row"| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sverigetopplistan.se/chart/43?dspy=2011&dspp=1|title=Årslista Singlar – År 2011|publisher=Sverigetopplistan|language=sv|access-date=December 2, 2019|archive-date=July 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715211223/https://www.sverigetopplistan.se/chart/43?dspy=2011&dspp=1|url-status=live}}</ref> | 43 |- ! scope="row"|Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hitparade.ch/year.asp?key=2011 |title=SCHWEIZER JAHRESHITPARADE 2011 |work=hitparade.ch |access-date=January 2, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815083859/http://hitparade.ch/year.asp?key=2011 |archive-date=August 15, 2013}}</ref> | 36 |- ! scope="row"| UK Singles (OCC)<ref>[http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/UKChartsPlusYE2011.pdf End of Year Charts 2011] UK Charts Plus {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915084445/http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/UKChartsPlusYE2011.pdf |date=September 15, 2012}}</ref> | 65 |- ! scope="row"| US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/hot-100-songs | title=Best of 2011: Hot 100 Songs | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | year=2011 | access-date=December 9, 2011 | archive-date=November 29, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121129041203/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2011/hot-r-and-and-b-hip-hop-songs | url-status=live }}</ref> | 3 |- ! scope="row"| US Adult Contemporary (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/adult-contemporary-songs|title=Adult Contemporary Songs – Year-End 2011|magazine=Billboard|date=January 2, 2013|access-date=April 28, 2020|archive-date=March 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302085623/https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/adult-contemporary-songs|url-status=live}}</ref> | 2 |- ! scope="row"| US Adult Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/adult-pop-songs|title=Adult Pop Songs – Year-End 2011|magazine=Billboard|date=January 2, 2013|access-date=April 28, 2020|archive-date=April 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419174326/https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/adult-pop-songs|url-status=live}}</ref> | 6 |- ! scope="row"| US Dance Club Songs (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/dance-club-songs|title=Dance Club Songs – Year-End 2011|magazine=Billboard|access-date=April 28, 2020|archive-date=April 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411084612/https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/dance-club-songs|url-status=live}}</ref> | 19 |- ! scope="row"| US Mainstream Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/pop-songs|title=Pop Songs – Year-End 2011|magazine=Billboard|date=January 2, 2013|access-date=April 28, 2020|archive-date=April 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403130303/https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/pop-songs|url-status=live}}</ref> | 8 |- ! scope="row"| US Rhythmic (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/rhythmic-songs|title=Rhythmic Songs – Year-End 2011|magazine=Billboard|date=December 9, 2014|access-date=September 11, 2019|archive-date=March 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331161112/https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/rhythmic-songs|url-status=live}}</ref> | 29 |} {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" !scope="col" style="width:20em"| Chart (2012) !scope="col"| Position |- ! scope="row"|France (SNEP)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://proxy.siteo.com.s3.amazonaws.com/www.snepmusique.com/file/singlefusionnes2012.pdf|title=Classement des 200 premiers Singles Fusionnés par GfK année 2012|publisher=SNEP|access-date=February 3, 2013|archive-date=September 30, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930141258/http://proxy.siteo.com.s3.amazonaws.com/www.snepmusique.com/file/albumsfusionnes2013.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | 133 |- ! scope="row"|UK Singles (OCC)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/UKChartsPlusEOY2012.pdf|title=End of Year 2012|work=[[UKChartsPlus]]|access-date=May 17, 2020|archive-date=April 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417030408/http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/UKChartsPlusEOY2012.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | 187 |} ===Decade-end charts=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |- !scope="col" style="width:20em"| Chart (2010–2019) ! scope="col"| Position |- ! scope="row"| Australia (ARIA)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ariacharts.com.au/annual-charts/2019/end-of-decade-singles-chart|title=2019 ARIA End of Decade Singles Chart|publisher=ARIA|date=January 2020|access-date=January 16, 2020|archive-date=January 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111005800/https://www.ariacharts.com.au/annual-charts/2019/end-of-decade-singles-chart|url-status=live}}</ref> | 25 |- ! scope="row"| US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/decade-end/hot-100|title=Decade-End Charts: Hot 100 Songs|magazine=Billboard|date=October 31, 2019|access-date=November 15, 2019|archive-date=February 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228142300/https://www.billboard.com/charts/decade-end/hot-100|url-status=live}}</ref> | 43 |} ===All-time charts=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- !scope="col" style="width:20em"| Chart (1958–2018) !scope="col"| Position |- !scope="row"|US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100-60th-anniversary|title=Billboard Hot 100 60th Anniversary|date=August 31, 2018|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=January 5, 2019|archive-date=August 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803021324/https://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100-60th-anniversary|url-status=live}}</ref> | 205 |} {{col-end}} == Certifications == {{Certification Table Top}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Australia|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|certyear=2025|type=single|award=Platinum|number=16|access-date=June 3, 2025}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Austria|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2024|type=single|award=Platinum|number=2|access-date=August 8, 2024}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Belgium|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2011|type=single|award=Gold|access-date=February 3, 2012}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Brazil|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|certyear=2024|type=single|award=Diamond|relyear=2010|access-date=April 10, 2024}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Canada|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2023|type=single|award=Diamond|access-date=March 19, 2025}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Denmark|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2022|type=single|award=Platinum|id=10969|access-date=January 25, 2022}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=France|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|nocert=true|type=single|award=|salesamount=140,000|salesref=<ref>{{cite web|last1=Goncalves |first1=Julien |title=Katy Perry: What are her 10 biggest hits in France?|url=http://www.chartsinfrance.net/Katy-Perry/news-104426.html |access-date=October 30, 2017 |language=fr |date=June 25, 2017 |publisher=Pure Charts |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001141856/http://www.chartsinfrance.net/Katy-Perry/news-104426.html |archive-date=October 1, 2017 }}</ref>}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Germany|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2018|type=single|award=Platinum|access-date=April 29, 2018}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Greece|award=Gold|certref=<ref>{{cite web|title=Email from Nick Stefanakis of IFPI Greece|url=https://www.mediafire.com/view/7zepebog75daric/Katy_Perry_IFPI_Greece_certifications.jpg/file|publisher= [[IFPI Greece]]|language=en|access-date=June 18, 2025}}</ref>|nosales=true}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Italy|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2013|type=single|award=Platinum|number=2|access-date=February 3, 2012|id=1876}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Japan|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2018|type=single|award=Gold|certmonth=01|digital=true|access-date=March 9, 2018}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Mexico|type=single|artist=Katy Perry|title=Firework|access-date=January 11, 2014|relyear=2010|award=Platinum+Gold}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=New Zealand|artist=Katy Perry|title=Firework|award=Platinum|number=4|type=single|relyear=2010|certyear=2015|access-date=December 14, 2024|source=radioscope}} {{Certification Table Entry|artist=Katy Perry|title=Firework|region=Norway|relyear=2010|certyear=2021|award=Platinum|number=4|type=single|access-date=November 19, 2021}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Portugal|award=Gold|type=single|relyear=2016|certyear=2020|artist=Katy Perry|title=Firework|id=file_2020-03-31-16-40-51.pdf|access-date=September 20, 2020}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Spain|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|type=single|award=Platinum|relyear=2010|certyear=2024|id=katy-perry-firework|access-date=January 12, 2024|refname=Spain Cert}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Sweden|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2011|type=single|award=Platinum|access-date=May 3, 2011}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Switzerland|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|certyear=2011|type=single|award=Gold|access-date=February 3, 2012|relyear=2010}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=United Kingdom|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|certyear=2025|type=single|award=Platinum|number=4|relyear=2010|id=8672-147-1|access-date=April 10, 2025}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=United States|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|certyear=2020|type=single|award=Platinum|number=12|relyear=2010|access-date=December 26, 2024|refname="RIAA"}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Canada|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2011|type=ringtone|award=Gold|refname=CAN2|access-date=April 28, 2022}} {{Certification Table Bottom|streaming=true}} == Release history == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+Release dates and formats for "Firework" ! scope="col" |Region ! scope="col" |Date ! scope="col" |Format ! scope="col" |Version(s) ! scope="col" |Label ! scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- ! scope="row" |United States |October 26, 2010 |[[Contemporary hit radio]] | rowspan="4" |Original | rowspan="7" |[[Capitol Records|Capitol]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="radio">{{Cite magazine|year=2010|title=FMQB: Radio Industry News, Music Industry Updates, Arbitron Ratings, Music News and more!|url=https://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=69239|magazine=[[FMQB]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215044351/https://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=69239|archive-date=December 15, 2010}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |United Kingdom |November 2, 2010 |[[Music download|Digital download]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="iTunesUK">{{cite web|title=Firework – Single by Katy Perry|url=https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/firework-single/id401336990|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101211134505/http://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/firework-single/id401336990|archive-date=December 11, 2010|access-date=November 20, 2010|publisher=[[iTunes Store]] (UK)}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |United States |November 16, 2010 |[[Rhythmic contemporary]] radio | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="radio" /> |- |November 22, 2010 |[[Adult contemporary music#Hot adult contemporary|Hot adult contemporary radio]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=November 22, 2010|title=FMQB: Radio Industry News, Music Industry Updates, Arbitron Ratings, Music News and more!|url=https://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=64265|magazine=[[FMQB]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206080757/https://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=64265|archive-date=December 6, 2010}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |United Kingdom |December 2, 2010 | rowspan="3" |[[CD single|CD]] | rowspan="2" |{{hlist|Original|Instrumental}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Firework: Amazon.co.uk: Music|url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Firework-Katy-Perry/dp/B0046K1G2Q/ref=sr_1_12?ie=UTF8&qid=1339873327&sr=8-12|website=Amazon UK}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |Germany |December 3, 2010 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="AmazonDE">{{cite web|title=Firework: Katy Perry: Amazon.de: Musik|url=https://www.amazon.de/dp/B0046K1G2Q|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120703132258/http://www.amazon.de/Firework-Katy-Perry/dp/B0046K1G2Q|archive-date=July 3, 2012|access-date=December 2, 2010|website=Amazon Germany|language=de}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |France |January 24, 2011 |Original | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Firework : Katy Perry en CD Single|url=http://musique.fnac.com/a3410482/Katy-Perry-Firework-CD-single|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308073447/http://musique.fnac.com/a3410482/Katy-Perry-Firework-CD-single|archive-date=March 8, 2012|access-date=March 6, 2011|publisher=Fnac.com|language=fr}}</ref> |} == References == <references/> ==Other websites== *{{YouTube|QGJuMBdaqIw|"Firework"}} *{{Allmusic|class=song|id=firework-mt0038561895}} {{Katy Perry}} {{music-stub}} [[Category:2010 songs]] [[Category:Katy Perry songs]] h0y0ngel4flotbrdrm4uuj7bp5vd8do 10369253 10368472 2025-07-03T09:05:31Z LatestClash 1610566 /* Certifications */ 10369253 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Firework | cover = | alt = | type = | artist = [[Katy Perry]] | album = [[Teenage Dream]] | EP = | written = | published = | released = October 26, 2010 | format = | recorded = 2009 at the Roc the Mic Studios in [[New York City]] | studio = | venue = | genre = [[Dance-pop]] | length = 3:47 | label = [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] | writer = {{hlist|Katy Perry|[[Stargate (production team)|Mikkel S. Eriksen]]|[[Stargate (production team)|Tor Erik Hermansen]]|[[Sandy Vee|Sandy Wilhelm]]|[[Ester Dean]]}} | composer = | lyricist = | producer = {{hlist|[[Stargate (production team)|StarGate]]|[[Sandy Vee]]}} | prev_title = [[Teenage Dream (song)|Teenage Dream]] | prev_year = 2010 | title = | next_title = [[E.T. (song)|E.T.]] | next_year = 2011 | misc = {{External music video|1={{YouTube|QGJuMBdaqIw|"Firework"}}}} }} "'''Firework'''" is a 2010 song by [[Katy Perry]] from her second major-label [[album]], ''[[Teenage Dream]]''. It was released on October 26, 2010. The song received a good review by music critics and claimed the top spot on [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/949557/katy-perrys-firework-shines-over-hot-100|title=Katy Perry's 'Firework' Shines Over Hot 100|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=2015-02-23}}</ref> The single hit top 5 on twenty charts worldwide. It reached the top three in most of the countries where it charted, including Australia and the UK. It topped charts in the US, Canada, and New Zealand. In the US, it was Perry's fourth number-one song altogether and the third in a streak of five number-ones. At the 2012 [[Grammy Awards]], "Firework" was nominated for [[Grammy Award for Record of the Year|Record of the Year]] and [[Grammy Award for Best Pop Solo Performance|Best Pop Solo Performance]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2012/grammys.htm|access-date=2015-02-23|title=54th Grammy Awards - 2012|publisher=Rock On the Net}}</ref> The song was certified Diamond in the US for shipments of over 10 million copies in that country alone.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&se=katy&col=highest_level&ord=desc#search_section|title=Gold & Platinum - RIAA|newspaper=RIAA|access-date=2018-01-18|language=en-US}}</ref> == Background == "Firework" was written by Perry, Mikkel S. Eriksen, Tor Erik Hermansen, Sandy Wilhelm, and Ester Dean while [[record producer|produced]] by Stargate and Sandy Vee at Soapbox [[Studio]]s in [[Atlanta]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]. It was recorded at Roc the Mic Studios in [[New York City]]. It was mixed at The Bunker Studios by Vee. [[Audio engineering]] was done by Carlos Oyandel and Damien Lewis. All instruments were done by Stargate and Vee. [[Lead vocals|Lead]] and background vocals were provided by Perry. Perry said that "Firework" is her favorite song on ''Teenage Dream''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Vena|first=Jocelyn|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1649047/20100930/perry_katy.jhtml|title=Katy Perry Tweets About 'Sparkling' New Music Video - Music, Celebrity, Artist News|publisher=MTV|date=2010-09-30|access-date=2011-03-20|archive-date=2010-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120232127/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1649047/20100930/perry_katy.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Music video == ===Development and release=== The music video was part of a partnership with European telecommunications company [[Deutsche Telekom]], which ran competitions to recruit fans for the video.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pro Posts|url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=Billboard|language=en-US}}</ref> Katy Perry started filming it on September 28, 2010.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Katy Perry Tweets About 'Sparkling' New Music Video|work=MTV News|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1649047/katy-perry-tweets-about-sparkling-new-music-video/|access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref> Directed by Dave Meyers and choreographed by Natricia Bernard, it was shot in [[Budapest]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sneak Peek of Katy Perry's "Firework" Music Video|url=http://www.katyperry.com/sneak-peek-of-katy-perrys-firework-music-video/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=www.katyperry.com}}</ref> The official teaser was released on October 15, 2010, and the open casting call received a record 38,000 applicants.<ref>{{Citation|last=Katy Perry|title=Katy Perry "Firework" Official Teaser Trailer (HD)|date=2010-10-15|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBmClxHUaJE|access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=XpatLoop.com - News|url=http://xpatloop.com/news/katy_perrys_video_made_in_budapest|access-date=2025-07-02|website=xpatloop.com|language=en}}</ref> Perry dedicated the video to the [[It Gets Better Project]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mapes|first=Jillian|date=2010-10-28|title=Katy Perry Dedicates Leaked ‘Firework’ Video to LGBT Campaign|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/katy-perry-dedicates-leaked-firework-video-to-lgbt-campaign-952410/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=Billboard|language=en-US}}</ref> It was released on TwitVid, DirectLyrics, and Youku on October 28, 2010, and premiered on [[YouTube]] the same day. By January 2024, it had over 1.4 billion views.<ref>{{Citation|last=KatyPerryVEVO|title=Katy Perry - Firework (Official)|date=2010-10-28|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QGJuMBdaqIw|access-date=2018-01-18}}</ref> === Synopsis === The video begins with Perry looking down at the city from a balcony, singing as [[Firework|fireworks]] explode from her [[soul]].<ref>{{Citation|last=KatyPerryVEVO|title=Katy Perry - #VevoCertified, Pt. 9: Firework (Katy Commentary)|date=2012-06-28|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uyFBmhADwbo|access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref> These fireworks inspire young people around the city to overcome their fears. A boy stops his parents’ fight to protect his sister, a shy girl at a pool party gains the courage to join in, a [[leukemia]] patient bravely walks outside despite losing her hair, a closeted gay teen kisses his friend at a club, and a young performer uses magic to escape muggers. Eventually, the youth gather at [[Buda Castle]], dancing and lighting up the night with their fireworks, as the camera pans up to the sky. === Reception === "Firework" was ranked No. 1 on [[MuchMusic]]'s top 50 videos of 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MuchMusic|title=Top 50 Videos of 2010|url=http://www.muchmusic.com/tv/specials/50videos/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=MuchMusic}}</ref> The video won Video of the Year at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards and was also nominated for Best Female Video and Best Video with a Message.<ref>{{Cite news|title=2011 MTV VMA Winners List|work=MTV News|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2298947/2011-vma-winners-list/|access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref> == Charts == {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} === Weekly charts === {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center" |- !scope="col" style="width:20em"| Chart (2010–2012) !scope="col"| Peak<br />position |- {{single chart|Australia|3|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Austria|3|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Flanders|5|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Wallonia|5|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Billboardcanadianhot100|1|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|song=Firework|refname=}} |- {{single chart|CIS|59|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|songid=28355|rowheader=true|access-date=March 16, 2023|refname=}} |- ! scope="row"| Croatia International Airplay ([[Hrvatska radiotelevizija|HRT]])<ref name="CRO">{{Cite web|url=https://haw.nsk.hr/arhiva/vol4/2346/37913/www.soundguardian.com/file/ARC%20100%202011.xls|title=Airplay Radio Chart 2011 Year-end Edition|year=2011|access-date=May 4, 2025}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|6 |- {{single chart|Czech Republic|4|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|year=2011|week=08|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Czechdigital|95|year=2014|week=24|access-date=July 3, 2014|rowheader=true|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Denmark|14|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- !scope="row"|Europe ([[European Hot 100 Singles]])<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Hits of the World: European Hot 100 Singles|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|volume=122|issue=48|page=43|date=December 4, 2010}}</ref> | 9 |- {{single chart|Finland|18|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|France|7|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- ! scope="row"|France Download ([[Syndicat National de l'Edition Phonographique|SNEP]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Les téléchargements de la semaine|url=https://lescharts.com/weekchart.asp?cat=si&year=2010&date=20101225|access-date=December 27, 2010|archive-date=June 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624165355/https://lescharts.com/weekchart.asp?cat=si&year=2010&date=20101225|url-status=live}}</ref> |5 |- ! scope="row"|France Airplay ([[Syndicat National de l'Edition Phonographique|SNEP]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Top de la semaine|url=https://snepmusique.com/classement-radio/?semaine=52%3F&annee=2010|access-date=January 3, 2011|archive-date=July 26, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726204709/https://snepmusique.com/classement-radio/?semaine=52%3F&annee=2010|url-status=live}}</ref> |style="text-align:center;"|1 |- {{single chart|Germany|4|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|songid=739665|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Hungary|2|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|week=1|year=2011|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Ireland2|2|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=January 17, 2020|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Israelairplay|3|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|week=02|year=2011|rowheader=true|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Italy|4|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Billboardjapanhot100|27|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|artistid=305595|access-date=May 27, 2014|rowheader=true|refname=}} |- ! scope="row"| [[Luxembourg Digital Song Sales]] (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/biz/charts/2011-01-22/luxembourg-digital-songs|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|title=Luxembourg Digital Songs – January 22, 2011|access-date=April 21, 2020|archive-date=August 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813075313/https://www.billboard.com/biz/charts/2011-01-22/luxembourg-digital-songs|url-status=live}}</ref> | 3 |- ! scope="row"| Mexico ([[Mexico Airplay|''Billboard'' Mexican Airplay]])<ref>{{cite magazine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130109064604/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/internationalcharts/mexico |url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/internationalcharts/mexico |title=Mexico Airplay |date=January 16, 2013 |archive-date=January 9, 2013 |magazine=Billboard |url-status=dead}}</ref> | 4 |- ! scope="row"| Mexico Anglo ([[Monitor Latino]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top20/Print/Mexico/Anglo/20110425|title=Top 20 Anglo de México del 25 de abril al 1 de mayo, 2011|publisher=Monitor Latino|accessdate=June 10, 2019|date=May 2, 2011|language=es|archive-date=August 23, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823214906/http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top20/Print/Mexico/Anglo/20110425|url-status=live}}</ref> | 2 |- {{single chart|Dutch40|8|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Dutch100|6|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|New Zealand|1|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Norway|2|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Poland|3|chartid=277|year=2011|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Portugaldigitalsongs|3|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|song=Firework|refname=}} |- ! scope="row"|Romania ([[Romanian Top 100]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.romanialibera.ro/arte/muzica/topul-celor-mai-difuzate-50-de-piese-la-radio-in-romania-215517.html|title=Topul celor mai difuzate 50 de piese la radio in Romania|work=[[Romanian Top 100]]|date=February 2, 2011 |access-date=March 6, 2011|archive-date=August 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814040009/http://www.romanialibera.ro/}}</ref> | 15 |- {{single chart|Russia|69|date=20101210-20101216|publish-date=December 16, 2010|rowheader=true|access-date=June 18, 2025|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|refname=}} <!-- {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421201002/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/weekly/20101210-20101216|date=April 21, 2024}} --> |- {{single chart|Scotland|3|date=20101030|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Slovakia|2|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|year=2010|week=52|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Spain|14|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Sweden|4|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Switzerland|3|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=}} |- {{single chart|UK|3||date=20101120|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|refname=uksinglechart3|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework}} |- {{single chart|Billboardhot100|1|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|song=Firework|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Billboardadultcontemporary|1|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|song=Firework|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Billboardadultpopsongs|1|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|song=Firework|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Billboarddanceclubplay|1|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|song=Firework|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Billboarddanceairplay|1|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|access-date=November 19, 2021|song=Firework|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Billboardpopsongs|1|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|song=Firework|refname=}} |- {{single chart|Billboardrhythmic|5|artist=Katy Perry|rowheader=true|access-date=July 5, 2021|song=Firework|refname=}} |- ! scope="row"|Venezuela Pop Rock ([[Record Report]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.recordreport.com.ve/publico/?i=poprock |title=Pop Rock|language=es|publisher=Record Report|date=February 26, 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110226112919/http://recordreport.com.ve/publico/?i=poprock|archive-date=February 26, 2011}}</ref> | 1 |} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center" |- !scope="col" style="width:20em"| Chart (2013) !scope="col"| Peak<br />position |- {{single chart|UK|89||date=20131110|rowheader=true|access-date=8 May 2023|artist=Katy Perry|song=Firework|refname=}} |- |} {{col-2}} ===Year-end charts=== {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center" |- !scope="col" style="width:20em"| Chart (2010) !scope="col"| Position |- ! scope="row"| Australia (ARIA)<ref name="AUSendofyear">{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-top-100-singles-2010.htm |title=ARIA Charts – End of Year Charts – Top 100 Singles 2010 |publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] |access-date=January 9, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205172929/http://aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-top-100-singles-2010.htm |archive-date=December 5, 2010 }}</ref> | 24 |- ! scope="row"| Germany (Official German Charts)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.viva.tv/charts/viva-single-jahrescharts-2010-2010-277/ |title=VIVA Single Jahrescharts 2010–2010 |language=de |work=Viva |publisher=[[Media Control Charts]] |access-date=February 2, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128034105/http://www.viva.tv/charts/viva-single-jahrescharts-2010-2010-277 |archive-date=January 28, 2011 }}</ref> | 88 |- ! scope="row"| Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|title=MAHASZ Rádiós TOP 100 2010|url=http://www.mahasz.hu/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=eves_osszesitett_listak&id=radios&ev=2010|publisher=Mahasz|language=hu|access-date=March 10, 2011|archive-date=February 29, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229070108/http://www.mahasz.hu/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=eves_osszesitett_listak&id=radios&ev=2010|url-status=live}}</ref> | 94 |- ! scope="row"| Ireland (IRMA)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irma.ie/best2010.htm|title=Best of 2010|publisher=[[Irish Recorded Music Association]]|access-date=February 2, 2011|archive-date=February 5, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205230315/http://irma.ie/best2010.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | 9 |- ! scope="row"|Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.top40.nl/bijzondere-lijsten/top-100-jaaroverzichten/2010|title=Top 100-Jaaroverzicht van 2010|publisher=Dutch Top 40|access-date=December 2, 2019|archive-date=July 18, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718165002/https://www.top40.nl/bijzondere-lijsten/top-100-jaaroverzichten/2010|url-status=live}}</ref> | 75 |- ! scope="row"| New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart_annual.asp?chartYear=2010&chartKind=S |title=Annual Top 50 Singles Chart 2010 |publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]] |access-date=February 2, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724200945/http://rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart_annual.asp?chartYear=2010&chartKind=S |archive-date=July 24, 2011 }}</ref> | 17 |- ! scope="row"| UK Singles (OCC)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/cardle-at-no-1-again-eminemrihanna-take-that-scoop-2010-crowns/|title=Eminem/Rihanna & Take That scoop 2010 crowns|website=[[OfficialCharts.com]]|date=January 3, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709081921/http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/cardle-at-no-1-again-eminemrihanna-take-that-scoop-2010-crowns/|archive-date=July 9, 2014 }}</ref> | 19 |} {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" !scope="col" style="width:20em"| Chart (2011) !scope="col"| Position |- ! scope="row"| Australia (ARIA)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/documents/ARIAEOYChart2011.pdf |title=Adele's "21" crowned ARIA's highest selling album of 2011 LMFAO takes single honours with "Party Rock Anthem" |access-date=January 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414212836/http://www.aria.com.au/pages/documents/ARIAEOYChart2011.pdf |archive-date=April 14, 2012 }}</ref> | 28 |- ! scope="row"| Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oe3.orf.at/charts/stories/singleyear/ |title=Austria Top 40 |publisher=[[Hitradio Ö3]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104112351/http://oe3.orf.at/charts/stories/singleyear/ |archive-date=January 4, 2012 }}</ref> | 37 |- ! scope="row"| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ultratop.be/nl/annual.asp?year=2011&cat=s |title=JAAROVERZICHTEN 2011 |website=[[Ultratop]] |language=nl |access-date=December 29, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019190647/http://www.ultratop.be/nl/annual.asp?year=2011&cat=s |archive-date=October 19, 2012 }}</ref> | 57 |- ! scope="row"| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ultratop.be/fr/annual.asp?year=2011&cat=s |title=RAPPORTS ANNUELS 2011 |website=[[Ultratop]] |access-date=December 29, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019190631/http://www.ultratop.be/fr/annual.asp?year=2011&cat=s |archive-date=October 19, 2012 }}</ref> | 32 |- !scope="row" |Brazil ([[Crowley Broadcast Analysis|Crowley]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://maistocadas.mus.br/2011/|title=Brazilian Top 100 Year-End 2011|date=April 3, 2018|publisher=[[Crowley Broadcast Analysis]]|accessdate=January 30, 2022|archive-date=December 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203045745/https://maistocadas.mus.br/2011/|url-status=live}}</ref> | 14 |- ! scope="row"| Canada (Canadian Hot 100)<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/canadian-hot-100 | title=Best of 2011: Canadian 100 Songs | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | year=2011 | access-date=December 10, 2011 | archive-date=July 6, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706030935/https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/canadian-hot-100 | url-status=live }}</ref> | 8 |- ! scope="row"| Croatia International Airplay ([[Hrvatska radiotelevizija|HRT]])<ref name="CRO"></ref> | style="text-align:center;"|50 |- ! scope="row"|France (SNEP)<ref>{{cite web|title=Classement Singles – année 2011 |url=http://www.disqueenfrance.com/fr/pag-259376-Classements-Annuels.html?year=&type=1 |language=fr |publisher=[[SNEP]] |access-date=February 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224191355/http://www.disqueenfrance.com/fr/pag-259376-Classements-Annuels.html?year=&type=1 |archive-date=December 24, 2010 }}</ref> | 34 |- ! scope="row"|Germany (Official German Charts)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.de/charts/Single_Jahrescharts_2011 |title=2011 MTV EMA |publisher=MTV |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109011856/http://www.mtv.de/charts/Single_Jahrescharts_2011 |archive-date=January 9, 2012}}</ref> | 53 |- ! scope="row"|Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|title=MAHASZ Rádiós TOP 100 2011|url=http://www.mahasz.hu/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=eves_osszesitett_listak&id=radios&ev=2011|publisher=Mahasz|language=hu|access-date=February 23, 2012|archive-date=October 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019022242/http://www.mahasz.hu/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=eves_osszesitett_listak&id=radios&ev=2011|url-status=live}}</ref> | 26 |- ! scope="row"| Netherlands (Single Top 100)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dutchcharts.nl/jaaroverzichten.asp?year=2011&cat=s|title=Jaaroverzichten – Single 2011|publisher=MegaCharts|language=nl|access-date=December 2, 2019|archive-date=March 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324124718/https://www.dutchcharts.nl/jaaroverzichten.asp?year=2011&cat=s|url-status=live}}</ref> | 38 |- ! scope="row"| New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/annual-singles/2011-12-31|title=Annual Top 50 Singles Chart 2011|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]]|access-date=April 26, 2012|archive-date=October 27, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027085946/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/?chart=1862|url-status=live}}</ref> | 31 |- ! scope="row"| Romania (Romanian Top 100)<ref>{{cite web|title=Romanian Top 100 - Top of the Year 2011 |url=http://andreea.fm/2012/01/01/romanian-top-100-clasamentul-anului-2011|access-date=January 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112051650/http://andreea.fm/2012/01/01/romanian-top-100-clasamentul-anului-2011|archive-date=January 12, 2012 }}</ref> | 88 |- ! scope="row"| Spain (PROMUSICAE)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.promusicae.es/files/listasanuales/canciones/Top%2050%20CANCIONES%20ANUAL%202011.pdf |title=TOP 50 CANCIONES ANUAL 2011 |access-date=January 28, 2012 |publisher=PROMUSICAE |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509083803/http://www.promusicae.es/files/listasanuales/canciones/Top%2050%20CANCIONES%20ANUAL%202011.pdf |archive-date=May 9, 2013}}</ref> | 32 |- ! scope="row"| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sverigetopplistan.se/chart/43?dspy=2011&dspp=1|title=Årslista Singlar – År 2011|publisher=Sverigetopplistan|language=sv|access-date=December 2, 2019|archive-date=July 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715211223/https://www.sverigetopplistan.se/chart/43?dspy=2011&dspp=1|url-status=live}}</ref> | 43 |- ! scope="row"|Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hitparade.ch/year.asp?key=2011 |title=SCHWEIZER JAHRESHITPARADE 2011 |work=hitparade.ch |access-date=January 2, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815083859/http://hitparade.ch/year.asp?key=2011 |archive-date=August 15, 2013}}</ref> | 36 |- ! scope="row"| UK Singles (OCC)<ref>[http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/UKChartsPlusYE2011.pdf End of Year Charts 2011] UK Charts Plus {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915084445/http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/UKChartsPlusYE2011.pdf |date=September 15, 2012}}</ref> | 65 |- ! scope="row"| US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/hot-100-songs | title=Best of 2011: Hot 100 Songs | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | year=2011 | access-date=December 9, 2011 | archive-date=November 29, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121129041203/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2011/hot-r-and-and-b-hip-hop-songs | url-status=live }}</ref> | 3 |- ! scope="row"| US Adult Contemporary (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/adult-contemporary-songs|title=Adult Contemporary Songs – Year-End 2011|magazine=Billboard|date=January 2, 2013|access-date=April 28, 2020|archive-date=March 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302085623/https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/adult-contemporary-songs|url-status=live}}</ref> | 2 |- ! scope="row"| US Adult Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/adult-pop-songs|title=Adult Pop Songs – Year-End 2011|magazine=Billboard|date=January 2, 2013|access-date=April 28, 2020|archive-date=April 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419174326/https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/adult-pop-songs|url-status=live}}</ref> | 6 |- ! scope="row"| US Dance Club Songs (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/dance-club-songs|title=Dance Club Songs – Year-End 2011|magazine=Billboard|access-date=April 28, 2020|archive-date=April 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411084612/https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/dance-club-songs|url-status=live}}</ref> | 19 |- ! scope="row"| US Mainstream Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/pop-songs|title=Pop Songs – Year-End 2011|magazine=Billboard|date=January 2, 2013|access-date=April 28, 2020|archive-date=April 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403130303/https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/pop-songs|url-status=live}}</ref> | 8 |- ! scope="row"| US Rhythmic (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/rhythmic-songs|title=Rhythmic Songs – Year-End 2011|magazine=Billboard|date=December 9, 2014|access-date=September 11, 2019|archive-date=March 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331161112/https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2011/rhythmic-songs|url-status=live}}</ref> | 29 |} {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" !scope="col" style="width:20em"| Chart (2012) !scope="col"| Position |- ! scope="row"|France (SNEP)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://proxy.siteo.com.s3.amazonaws.com/www.snepmusique.com/file/singlefusionnes2012.pdf|title=Classement des 200 premiers Singles Fusionnés par GfK année 2012|publisher=SNEP|access-date=February 3, 2013|archive-date=September 30, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930141258/http://proxy.siteo.com.s3.amazonaws.com/www.snepmusique.com/file/albumsfusionnes2013.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | 133 |- ! scope="row"|UK Singles (OCC)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/UKChartsPlusEOY2012.pdf|title=End of Year 2012|work=[[UKChartsPlus]]|access-date=May 17, 2020|archive-date=April 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417030408/http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/UKChartsPlusEOY2012.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | 187 |} ===Decade-end charts=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |- !scope="col" style="width:20em"| Chart (2010–2019) ! scope="col"| Position |- ! scope="row"| Australia (ARIA)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ariacharts.com.au/annual-charts/2019/end-of-decade-singles-chart|title=2019 ARIA End of Decade Singles Chart|publisher=ARIA|date=January 2020|access-date=January 16, 2020|archive-date=January 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111005800/https://www.ariacharts.com.au/annual-charts/2019/end-of-decade-singles-chart|url-status=live}}</ref> | 25 |- ! scope="row"| US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/decade-end/hot-100|title=Decade-End Charts: Hot 100 Songs|magazine=Billboard|date=October 31, 2019|access-date=November 15, 2019|archive-date=February 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228142300/https://www.billboard.com/charts/decade-end/hot-100|url-status=live}}</ref> | 43 |} ===All-time charts=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- !scope="col" style="width:20em"| Chart (1958–2018) !scope="col"| Position |- !scope="row"|US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100-60th-anniversary|title=Billboard Hot 100 60th Anniversary|date=August 31, 2018|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=January 5, 2019|archive-date=August 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803021324/https://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100-60th-anniversary|url-status=live}}</ref> | 205 |} {{col-end}} ==Certifications== {{Certification Table Top}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Australia|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|certyear=2025|type=single|award=Platinum|number=16|access-date=June 3, 2025}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Austria|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2024|type=single|award=Platinum|number=2|access-date=August 8, 2024}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Belgium|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2011|type=single|award=Gold|access-date=February 3, 2012}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Brazil|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|certyear=2024|type=single|award=Diamond|relyear=2010|access-date=April 10, 2024}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Canada|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2023|type=single|award=Diamond|access-date=March 19, 2025}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Denmark|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2022|type=single|award=Platinum|id=10969|access-date=January 25, 2022}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=France|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|nocert=true|type=single|award=|salesamount=140,000|salesref=<ref>{{cite web|last1=Goncalves |first1=Julien |title=Katy Perry: What are her 10 biggest hits in France?|url=http://www.chartsinfrance.net/Katy-Perry/news-104426.html |access-date=October 30, 2017 |language=fr |date=June 25, 2017 |publisher=Pure Charts |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001141856/http://www.chartsinfrance.net/Katy-Perry/news-104426.html |archive-date=October 1, 2017 }}</ref>}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Germany|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2018|type=single|award=Platinum|access-date=April 29, 2018}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Greece|award=Gold|certref=<ref>{{cite web|title=Email from Nick Stefanakis of IFPI Greece|url=https://www.mediafire.com/view/7zepebog75daric/Katy_Perry_IFPI_Greece_certifications.jpg/file|publisher= [[IFPI Greece]]|language=en|access-date=June 18, 2025}}</ref>|nosales=true}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Italy|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2013|type=single|award=Platinum|number=2|access-date=February 3, 2012|id=1876}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Japan|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2018|type=single|award=Gold|certmonth=01|digital=true|access-date=March 9, 2018}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Mexico|type=single|artist=Katy Perry|title=Firework|access-date=January 11, 2014|relyear=2010|award=Platinum+Gold}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=New Zealand|artist=Katy Perry|title=Firework|award=Platinum|number=4|type=single|relyear=2010|certyear=2015|access-date=December 14, 2024|source=radioscope}} {{Certification Table Entry|artist=Katy Perry|title=Firework|region=Norway|relyear=2010|certyear=2021|award=Platinum|number=4|type=single|access-date=November 19, 2021}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Portugal|award=Gold|type=single|relyear=2016|certyear=2020|artist=Katy Perry|title=Firework|id=file_2020-03-31-16-40-51.pdf|access-date=September 20, 2020}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Spain|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|type=single|award=Platinum|relyear=2010|certyear=2024|id=katy-perry-firework|access-date=January 12, 2024|refname=Spain Cert}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Sweden|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2011|type=single|award=Platinum|access-date=May 3, 2011}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Switzerland|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|certyear=2011|type=single|award=Gold|access-date=February 3, 2012|relyear=2010}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=United Kingdom|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|certyear=2025|type=single|award=Platinum|number=4|relyear=2010|id=8672-147-1|access-date=April 10, 2025}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=United States|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|certyear=2020|type=single|award=Platinum|number=12|relyear=2010|access-date=December 26, 2024|refname="RIAA"}} {{Certification Table Separator|title=Ringtone}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Canada|title=Firework|artist=Katy Perry|relyear=2010|certyear=2011|type=ringtone|award=Gold|refname=CAN2|access-date=April 28, 2022}} {{Certification Table Bottom|streaming=true}} == Release history == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+Release dates and formats for "Firework" ! scope="col" |Region ! scope="col" |Date ! scope="col" |Format ! scope="col" |Version(s) ! scope="col" |Label ! scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- ! scope="row" |United States |October 26, 2010 |[[Contemporary hit radio]] | rowspan="4" |Original | rowspan="7" |[[Capitol Records|Capitol]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="radio">{{Cite magazine|year=2010|title=FMQB: Radio Industry News, Music Industry Updates, Arbitron Ratings, Music News and more!|url=https://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=69239|magazine=[[FMQB]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215044351/https://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=69239|archive-date=December 15, 2010}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |United Kingdom |November 2, 2010 |[[Music download|Digital download]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="iTunesUK">{{cite web|title=Firework – Single by Katy Perry|url=https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/firework-single/id401336990|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101211134505/http://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/firework-single/id401336990|archive-date=December 11, 2010|access-date=November 20, 2010|publisher=[[iTunes Store]] (UK)}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |United States |November 16, 2010 |[[Rhythmic contemporary]] radio | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="radio" /> |- |November 22, 2010 |[[Adult contemporary music#Hot adult contemporary|Hot adult contemporary radio]] | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=November 22, 2010|title=FMQB: Radio Industry News, Music Industry Updates, Arbitron Ratings, Music News and more!|url=https://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=64265|magazine=[[FMQB]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206080757/https://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=64265|archive-date=December 6, 2010}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |United Kingdom |December 2, 2010 | rowspan="3" |[[CD single|CD]] | rowspan="2" |{{hlist|Original|Instrumental}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Firework: Amazon.co.uk: Music|url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Firework-Katy-Perry/dp/B0046K1G2Q/ref=sr_1_12?ie=UTF8&qid=1339873327&sr=8-12|website=Amazon UK}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |Germany |December 3, 2010 | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="AmazonDE">{{cite web|title=Firework: Katy Perry: Amazon.de: Musik|url=https://www.amazon.de/dp/B0046K1G2Q|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120703132258/http://www.amazon.de/Firework-Katy-Perry/dp/B0046K1G2Q|archive-date=July 3, 2012|access-date=December 2, 2010|website=Amazon Germany|language=de}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |France |January 24, 2011 |Original | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Firework : Katy Perry en CD Single|url=http://musique.fnac.com/a3410482/Katy-Perry-Firework-CD-single|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308073447/http://musique.fnac.com/a3410482/Katy-Perry-Firework-CD-single|archive-date=March 8, 2012|access-date=March 6, 2011|publisher=Fnac.com|language=fr}}</ref> |} == References == <references/> ==Other websites== *{{YouTube|QGJuMBdaqIw|"Firework"}} *{{Allmusic|class=song|id=firework-mt0038561895}} {{Katy Perry}} {{music-stub}} [[Category:2010 songs]] [[Category:Katy Perry songs]] ktv0ftmfpc3bp0rmk6zbvn1bgj0fh4c 0 291966 10368582 9775740 2025-07-03T00:29:37Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Career */ Typo: duplication and a redundant capital letter. 10368582 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Ice Hockey Player | image = James Wisniewski 2013-11-01.JPG | image_size = 230px | caption = Wisniewski during his time with the Blue Jackets in 2013 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1984|2|21}} | birth_place = [[Canton Township, Michigan|Canton]], [[Michigan|MI]], [[United States of America|USA]] | height_ft = 5 | height_in = 11 | weight_lb = 205 | position = [[Defenceman (ice hockey)|Defense]] | shot = Right | played_for = [[Chicago Blackhawks]]<br>[[Anaheim Ducks]]<br>[[New York Islanders]]<br>[[Montreal Canadiens]]<br>[[Columbus Blue Jackets]]<br>[[Carolina Hurricanes]]<br>[[Admiral Vladivostok]]<br>[[Kassel Huskies]] | ntl_team = United States | draft = 156th overall | draft_year = 2002 | draft_team = [[Chicago Blackhawks]] | career_start = 2004 | career_end = 2018 }} '''James Joseph Wisniewski''' (born February 21, 1984) is an American former professional [[ice hockey]] [[Defenceman|defenseman]]. He played parts of fourteen seasons in the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL). He played for the [[Chicago Blackhawks]], [[Anaheim Ducks]], [[New York Islanders]], [[Montreal Canadiens]], [[Columbus Blue Jackets]], and [[Carolina Hurricanes]]. He also one season with [[Admiral Vladivostok]] of the [[Kontinental Hockey League]] (KHL) and one season with [[EC Kassel Huskies|Kassel Huskies]] of the [[DEL2]]. ==Career== Before playing in the NHL, Wisniewski played four seasons with the [[Plymouth Whalers]] of the [[Ontario Hockey League]] (OHL). Wisniewski would be drafted 156th overall by the [[Chicago Blackhawks]] in the [[2002 NHL Entry Draft]]. He would spend his time playing between the Blackhawks and their [[American Hockey League|AHL]]-affiliate teams, the [[Norfolk Admirals]] and [[Rockford IceHogs]]. His season would end short after he tore his [[anterior cruciate ligament]] (ACL) in a game against the [[Los Angeles Kings]] and underwent surgery on March 8, 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2008/07/04/wisniewski-surgery-set/|accessdate=September 11, 2024|title=Wisniewski surgery set|publisher=[[Chicago Tribune]]}}</ref> On March 4, 2009, the Blackhawks would trade Wisniewski along with [[Petri Kontiola]] to the [[Anaheim Ducks]] in exchange for [[Samuel Påhlsson]] and [[Logan Stephenson]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/sports/blackhawks-make-their-move/1872980/|accessdate=September 11, 2024|title=Blackhawks Make Their Move|publisher=[[NBC Chicago]]}}</ref> Wisniewski would be given an eight-game suspension for a hit he delivered on his friend and former Blackhawks teammate [[Brent Seabrook]] on March 17, 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/chicago/nhl/news/story?id=5005504|accessdate=September 11, 2024|title=NHL suspends Wisniewski 8 games|publisher=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> On July 30, 2010, the Ducks traded Wisniewski to the [[New York Islanders]] for a third-round draft pick.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://islanders.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=535248|accessdate=September 11, 2024|title=Islanders acquire Wisniewski from Anaheim|publisher=[[New York Islanders]]}}</ref> He would play 32 games with them. On December 28, 2010, the Islanders traded him to the [[Montreal Canadiens]] for draft picks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://canadiens.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=547577|accessdate=September 11, 2024|title=Habs acquire James Wisniewski from the Islanders|publisher=[[Montreal Canadiens]]}}</ref> He would play 43 games with the Canadiens. On June 29, 2011, the Canadiens traded Wisniewski to the [[Columbus Blue Jackets]] in exchange for a seventh-round (fifth-round if he signed) draft pick.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tsn.ca/nhl/story/?id=370367|accessdate=September 11, 2024|title=Habs trade Wisniewski's rights to Blue Jackets for draft pick|publisher=[[The Sports Network]]|archive-date=July 2, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110702171022/http://www.tsn.ca/nhl/story/?id=370367|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> On July 1, he would eventually sign a six-year, $33 million contract with the Blue Jackets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tsn.ca/nhl/story/?id=370560|accessdate=September 11, 2024|title=Defenseman Wisniewski inks six-year deal with Blue Jackets|publisher=The Sports Network}}</ref> On September 26, 2011, Wisniewski would be suspended eleven games after he hit [[Minnesota Wild]] player [[Cal Clutterbuck]] after game on September 23.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcsports.com/nhl/news/nhl-hands-james-wisniewski-a-heavy-suspension-that-includes-eight-regular-season-games|accessdate=September 11, 2024|title=NHL hands James Wisniewski a heavy suspension that includes eight regular season games|publisher=[[NBC Sports]]}}</ref> He would end up having to miss six weeks after taking a puck to the face in a game against the [[Dallas Stars]] on December 29, 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/hockey/nhl/wisniewski-injury/|accessdate=September 11, 2024|title=Blue Jackets’ Wisniewski out six weeks|publisher=[[Sportsnet]]}}</ref> He would miss four to six weeks in [[2012–13 NHL season|2012–13 season]] with a broken foot.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/nhl/story/_/id/8995675/james-wisniewski-columbus-blue-jackets-miss-4-6-weeks-broken-foot|accessdate=September 11, 2024|title=James Wisniewski to miss 4-6 weeks|publisher=ESPN}}</ref> However, the next season Wisniewski would record a career-high in points with 51 points in 75 games. On March 2, 2015, the Blue Jackets would trade Wisniewski back to the Anaheim Ducks along with a third-round pick in exchange for [[Rene Bourque]], [[William Karlsson]] and a second-round pick.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.si.com/nhl/2015/03/02/anaheim-ducks-james-wisniewski-trade-columbus-blue-jackets|accessdate=September 11, 2024|title=Ducks acquire James Wisniewski in trade with Blue Jackets|publisher=[[Sports Illustrated]]}}</ref> He would only play 13 games with them. On June 27, 2015, he would be traded to the [[Carolina Hurricanes]] in exchange for [[Anton Khudobin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/hockey/nhl/trade-anaheim-ducks-anton-khudobin-carolina-hurricanes-james-wisniewski/|accessdate=September 11, 2024|title=Ducks trade Wisniewski for Khudobin|publisher=Sportsnet}}</ref> He played 1 game for them. In his only game for them, Wisniewski tore his ACL 47 seconds into the game and his season was cut short.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thehockeynews.com/news/james-wisniewski-injured-47-seconds-into-debut-hurricanes|accessdate=September 11, 2024|title=James Wisniewski injured 47 seconds into Hurricanes debut|publisher=[[The Hockey News]]}}</ref> He would play professionally in Europe before retiring from playing professional ice hockey in 2018. On June 24, 2024, Wisniewski was named as an Associate Head Coach for the [[Ohio State Buckeyes women's ice hockey|Ohio State Buckeyes]] women's team.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ohiostatebuckeyes.com/news/2024/6/24/womens-ice-hockey-james-wisniewski-named-associate-head-coach|accessdate=September 11, 2024|title=James Wisniewski Named Associate Head Coach|publisher=[[Ohio State Buckeyes]]}}</ref> == Awards == *He was named to the OHL First All-Rookie Team in the 2000-01 season. *He was named to the OHL First All-Star Team in the 2003-04 season. *He won the OHL Max Kaminsky Trophy in the 2003-04 season. *He was named to the CHL First All-Star Team in the 2003-04 season. *He was named the CHL Defenceman of the Year in the 2003-04 season. ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == *[http://www.jameswisniewski.com/ James Wisniewski's Official website] *{{nhlprofile|8470222}} {{US-sports-bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Wisniewski, James}} [[Category:1984 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American ice hockey defensemen]] [[Category:Anaheim Ducks players]] [[Category:Carolina Hurricanes players]] [[Category:Chicago Blackhawks players]] [[Category:Chicago Wolves players]] [[Category:Columbus Blue Jackets players]] [[Category:Montreal Canadiens players]] [[Category:New York Islanders players]] [[Category:Norfolk Admirals players]] [[Category:Sportspeople from Michigan]] [[Category:Ontario Hockey League players]] acok7ywyymmq4npi0osx2hpsg00as2o 14 292901 10368046 10363861 2025-07-02T18:19:53Z 2A04:4A43:4C3F:E034:FD3B:DBA6:AD03:7CAD Leeds united are now in the premier League 10368046 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Majority ownership''' *{{flagicon|AUT}} [[FC Red Bull Salzburg]] *{{flagicon|USA}} [[New York Red Bulls]] *{{flagicon|GER}} [[RB Leipzig]] *{{flagicon|AUT}} [[FC Liefering]] *{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Red Bull Bragantino]] *{{flagicon|JAP}} [[Omiya Ardija|RB Omiya Ardija]] '''Minority ownership''' *{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Leeds United F.C.]] - unknown percentage **[[Red Bull GmbH]] has an unspecified deal as a minority investor in the English Premier League side [[Leeds United F.C.]] since becoming the front-of-shirt sponsors for the club in the 24/25 season.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-05-30|title=Leeds United: Red Bull takes minority stake in Championship club|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cx88w2nneego|access-date=2024-07-26|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> *{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Paris FC]] - 10.6% ** Later that year, [[Red Bull GmbH]] partnered with Agache Sport, the holding company of French businessman [[Bernard Arnault]] who also owns [[LVMH]], to become new shareholders in [[Ligue 2|Ligue 1]] side [[Paris FC]]. Currently, the club ownership model is 52.4% owned by Agache Sport, 10.6% by [[Red Bull GmbH]], 29.8% by Alter Paris and 7.2% by BRI.<ref>{{cite web |title=Football-Paris FC announces the arrival of Agache Sport and Red Bull as shareholders |url=https://uk.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/LVMH-4669/news/Football-Paris-FC-announces-the-arrival-of-Agache-Sport-and-Red-Bull-as-shareholders-48495123/ |website=Market Screener |publisher=Market Screener |accessdate=2025-02-23}}</ref> '''Defunct clubs''' *{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Red Bull Bragantino II|RB Brasil]] *{{flagicon|GHA}} [[Red Bull Ghana]] [[Category:Football clubs|*]] [[Category:Red Bull]] 308mg4mjb2tn17pbmjv9s86eiun6qd5 0 293303 10369175 4471077 2025-07-03T08:13:50Z 180.150.36.182 10369175 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> | Name = Jerusalem | Img = | Img_capt = | Img_size = | Background = group_or_band | Origin = [[Gothenburg]], [[Sweden]] | Genre = [[Christian rock]], [[Christian metal]] | Years_active = 1975–present | Label = | URL = [http://www.jerusalem.se www.jerusalem.se] | Current_members = Ulf Christiansson<br/>Anders Mossberg<br/>Dan Tibell<br/>Klas Anderhell<br/>Peter Carlsohn<br/>Reidar I. Paulsen<br/>Michael Ulvsgärd | Past_members = Bertil Sörensson<br/>Danne Gansmoe }} '''Jerusalem''' is a [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[Christian rock]] band, founded in 1975 by [[Ulf Christiansson]]. It was one of the first bands to combine Christian [[lyrics]] with a [[hard rock]] sound. ==History== [[File:Jerusalemlogga.jpg|thumb|Official Jerusalem logo]] Jerusalem's message was primarily aimed at youth, with their lyrics describing the band's relationship to [[God]] in an ordinary, but radical way. The band's purpose was expressly [[Evangelism|evangelistic]]. Their concerts have been described as a series of [[revival meeting]]s which often included [[altar call]]s and occasionally [[exorcisms]].¡When the band first toured in the mid-1970s in Sweden, their combination of Christian lyrics with a hard rock sound was very controversial. The band was only permitted to perform at a few churches. ==Discography== ''For albums released in both Swedish and English versions, the English titles are in parentheses.'' ===Studio albums=== * ''[[Jerusalem (Volume 1) (album)|Jerusalem (Volume 1)]]'' (1978/1980) * ''[[Volym 2 (Volume 2) (album)|Volym 2 (Volume 2)]]'' (1980/1981) * ''[[Krigsman (Warrior) (album)|Krigsman (Warrior)]]'' (1981/1982) * ''[[Vi Kan Inte Stoppas (Can't Stop Us Now) (album)|Vi Kan Inte Stoppas (Can't Stop Us Now)]]'' (1983/1984) * ''[[Dancing on the Head of the Serpent (album)|Dancing on the Head of the Serpent]]'' (1987/1988) * ''[[Prophet (album)|Prophet]]'' (1994) * ''[[Volym 3 (Those Were the Days) (album)|Volym Tre (Those Were the Days)]]'' (1996/1997) * ''[[Volüm Fyra (R.A.D.) (album)|Volüm Fyra (R.A.D.)]]'' (1997/1998) * ''[[She (album)|She]]'' (2010) ===Live albums=== * ''[[In His Majesty's Service - Live in USA (album)|In His Majesty's Service - Live in USA]]'' (1985) * ''[[Live - På ren svenska (album)|Live - På Ren Svenska]]'' (1998) ===Compilation albums=== * ''[[10 Years After (album)|10 Years After]]'' (1988) * ''[[Klassiker 1 (Classics 1) (album)|Klassiker 1 (Classics 1)]]'' (1993/1996) * ''[[Klassiker 2 (Classics 2) (album)|Klassiker 2 (Classics 2)]]'' (1993/1996) * ''[[Classics 3 (album)|Classics 3]]'' (1995) * ''[[Tretti]]'' (2006) * ''Greatest Hits'' (2006) ==Other websites== * [http://www.jerusalem.se Jerusalem - Official Site] [[Category:1980s music groups]] [[Category:1990s music groups]] [[Category:2000s music groups]] [[Category:2010s music groups]] [[Category:Glam metal bands]] [[Category:Christian metal bands]] [[Category:Hard rock bands]] [[Category:Christian rock bands]] [[Category:Musical groups from Gothenburg]] 3b5nz11i8s4x8n7i4ov7c0adq1uq1pd 10369178 10369175 2025-07-03T08:14:10Z 180.150.36.182 10369178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> | Name = Jerusalem | Img = | Img_capt = | Img_size = | Background = group_or_band | Origin = [[Gothenburg]], [[Sweden]] | Genre = [[Christian rock]], [[Christian metal]] | Years_active = 1975–present | Label = | URL = [http://www.jerusalem.se www.jerusalem.se] | Current_members = Ulf Christiansson<br/>Anders Mossberg<br/>Dan Tibell<br/>Klas Anderhell<br/>Peter Carlsohn<br/>Reidar I. Paulsen<br/>Michael Ulvsgärd | Past_members = Bertil Sörensson<br/>Danne Gansmoe }} '''Jerusalem''' is a [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[Christian rock]] band founded in 1975 by [[Ulf Christiansson]]. It was one of the first bands to combine Christian [[lyrics]] with a [[hard rock]] sound. ==History== [[File:Jerusalemlogga.jpg|thumb|Official Jerusalem logo]] Jerusalem's message was primarily aimed at youth, with their lyrics describing the band's relationship to [[God]] in an ordinary, but radical way. The band's purpose was expressly [[Evangelism|evangelistic]]. Their concerts have been described as a series of [[revival meeting]]s which often included [[altar call]]s and occasionally [[exorcisms]].¡When the band first toured in the mid-1970s in Sweden, their combination of Christian lyrics with a hard rock sound was very controversial. The band was only permitted to perform at a few churches. ==Discography== ''For albums released in both Swedish and English versions, the English titles are in parentheses.'' ===Studio albums=== * ''[[Jerusalem (Volume 1) (album)|Jerusalem (Volume 1)]]'' (1978/1980) * ''[[Volym 2 (Volume 2) (album)|Volym 2 (Volume 2)]]'' (1980/1981) * ''[[Krigsman (Warrior) (album)|Krigsman (Warrior)]]'' (1981/1982) * ''[[Vi Kan Inte Stoppas (Can't Stop Us Now) (album)|Vi Kan Inte Stoppas (Can't Stop Us Now)]]'' (1983/1984) * ''[[Dancing on the Head of the Serpent (album)|Dancing on the Head of the Serpent]]'' (1987/1988) * ''[[Prophet (album)|Prophet]]'' (1994) * ''[[Volym 3 (Those Were the Days) (album)|Volym Tre (Those Were the Days)]]'' (1996/1997) * ''[[Volüm Fyra (R.A.D.) (album)|Volüm Fyra (R.A.D.)]]'' (1997/1998) * ''[[She (album)|She]]'' (2010) ===Live albums=== * ''[[In His Majesty's Service - Live in USA (album)|In His Majesty's Service - Live in USA]]'' (1985) * ''[[Live - På ren svenska (album)|Live - På Ren Svenska]]'' (1998) ===Compilation albums=== * ''[[10 Years After (album)|10 Years After]]'' (1988) * ''[[Klassiker 1 (Classics 1) (album)|Klassiker 1 (Classics 1)]]'' (1993/1996) * ''[[Klassiker 2 (Classics 2) (album)|Klassiker 2 (Classics 2)]]'' (1993/1996) * ''[[Classics 3 (album)|Classics 3]]'' (1995) * ''[[Tretti]]'' (2006) * ''Greatest Hits'' (2006) ==Other websites== * [http://www.jerusalem.se Jerusalem - Official Site] [[Category:1980s music groups]] [[Category:1990s music groups]] [[Category:2000s music groups]] [[Category:2010s music groups]] [[Category:Glam metal bands]] [[Category:Christian metal bands]] [[Category:Hard rock bands]] [[Category:Christian rock bands]] [[Category:Musical groups from Gothenburg]] 7a0ih9s9dgywi6hjmtlp0ohtrjei8fb 10369179 10369178 2025-07-03T08:14:31Z 180.150.36.182 10369179 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> | Name = Jerusalem | Img = | Img_capt = | Img_size = | Background = group_or_band | Origin = [[Gothenburg]], [[Sweden]] | Genre = [[Christian rock]], [[Christian metal]] | Years_active = 1975–present | Label = | URL = [http://www.jerusalem.se www.jerusalem.se] | Current_members = Ulf Christiansson<br/>Anders Mossberg<br/>Dan Tibell<br/>Klas Anderhell<br/>Peter Carlsohn<br/>Reidar I. Paulsen<br/>Michael Ulvsgärd | Past_members = Bertil Sörensson<br/>Danne Gansmoe }} '''Jerusalem''' is a [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[Christian rock]] band founded in 1975 by Ulf Christiansson. It was one of the first bands to combine Christian [[lyrics]] with a [[hard rock]] sound. ==History== [[File:Jerusalemlogga.jpg|thumb|Official Jerusalem logo]] Jerusalem's message was primarily aimed at youth, with their lyrics describing the band's relationship to [[God]] in an ordinary, but radical way. The band's purpose was expressly [[Evangelism|evangelistic]]. Their concerts have been described as a series of [[revival meeting]]s which often included [[altar call]]s and occasionally [[exorcisms]].¡When the band first toured in the mid-1970s in Sweden, their combination of Christian lyrics with a hard rock sound was very controversial. The band was only permitted to perform at a few churches. ==Discography== ''For albums released in both Swedish and English versions, the English titles are in parentheses.'' ===Studio albums=== * ''[[Jerusalem (Volume 1) (album)|Jerusalem (Volume 1)]]'' (1978/1980) * ''[[Volym 2 (Volume 2) (album)|Volym 2 (Volume 2)]]'' (1980/1981) * ''[[Krigsman (Warrior) (album)|Krigsman (Warrior)]]'' (1981/1982) * ''[[Vi Kan Inte Stoppas (Can't Stop Us Now) (album)|Vi Kan Inte Stoppas (Can't Stop Us Now)]]'' (1983/1984) * ''[[Dancing on the Head of the Serpent (album)|Dancing on the Head of the Serpent]]'' (1987/1988) * ''[[Prophet (album)|Prophet]]'' (1994) * ''[[Volym 3 (Those Were the Days) (album)|Volym Tre (Those Were the Days)]]'' (1996/1997) * ''[[Volüm Fyra (R.A.D.) (album)|Volüm Fyra (R.A.D.)]]'' (1997/1998) * ''[[She (album)|She]]'' (2010) ===Live albums=== * ''[[In His Majesty's Service - Live in USA (album)|In His Majesty's Service - Live in USA]]'' (1985) * ''[[Live - På ren svenska (album)|Live - På Ren Svenska]]'' (1998) ===Compilation albums=== * ''[[10 Years After (album)|10 Years After]]'' (1988) * ''[[Klassiker 1 (Classics 1) (album)|Klassiker 1 (Classics 1)]]'' (1993/1996) * ''[[Klassiker 2 (Classics 2) (album)|Klassiker 2 (Classics 2)]]'' (1993/1996) * ''[[Classics 3 (album)|Classics 3]]'' (1995) * ''[[Tretti]]'' (2006) * ''Greatest Hits'' (2006) ==Other websites== * [http://www.jerusalem.se Jerusalem - Official Site] [[Category:1980s music groups]] [[Category:1990s music groups]] [[Category:2000s music groups]] [[Category:2010s music groups]] [[Category:Glam metal bands]] [[Category:Christian metal bands]] [[Category:Hard rock bands]] [[Category:Christian rock bands]] [[Category:Musical groups from Gothenburg]] jejhlk0h1zx85fcj7h70xrnhh0f7mry 0 295810 10369208 10334401 2025-07-03T08:24:01Z 117.234.226.85 10369208 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = BRICS | image = | image_size = 250 | caption = BRICS representatives at the 2024 summit, from right to left: [[Mauro Vieira]], [[Masoud Pezeshkian]], [[Mohamed bin Zayed al nahyan]], [[Narendra Modi]], [[Vladimir Putin]], [[Xi Jinping]], [[Cyril Ramaphosa]], [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]] and [[Abiy Ahmed]] | logo = BRICS 2024 Russian chairmanship logo.svg | logo_size = 250 | logo_alt = | logo_caption = BRICS logo during the [[16th BRICS summit|2024 Russian chairmanship]] | map = BRICS, partners and applicants (2025-06).svg | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = Map key <!--as of January 2025 (!)--> {{legend|#0072B2|BRICS member countries}} {{legend|#87aade|BRICS ''partners''}} {{legend|#5fd35f|BRICS ''candidates''}} | map2_size = | map2_caption = ---- '''[[Member state]]s and key leaders:''' ----{{Infobox|subbox=yes | labelstyle = padding-right:1em;text-align:left | datastyle = text-align:left | label1 = {{flag|Brazil}} | data1 = [[President of Brazil|President]] [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva|Lula da Silva]] | label2 = {{flag|Russia}} | data2 = [[President of Russia|President]] [[Vladimir Putin]] | label3 = {{flag|India}} | data3 = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] | label4 = {{flag|China}} | data4 = [[President of the People's Republic of China|President]] [[Xi Jinping]] | label5 = {{flag|South Africa}} [[15th BRICS summit|(2023 host)]] | data5 = [[President of South Africa|President]] [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] }}<!-- end of subbox --><hr/> | named_after = Founder member states' initials (in English)<br>[[BRIC]] (economic term) | formation = {{Start date and age|2009|6|16|df=yes}} | founding_location = {{unbulleted list|[[Yekaterinburg]], [[Russia]]|([[1st BRIC summit]])}} | type = [[International organization|Intergovernmental organization]] | purpose = Political and economical | fields = [[International relations|International Politics]] | membership = {{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; | title = 10 member states | {{flag|Brazil}} | {{flag|Russia}} | {{flag|India}} | {{flag|China}} | {{flag|South Africa}} | {{flag|Iran}} | {{flag|Egypt}} | {{flag|Ethiopia}} | {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} | {{flag|Indonesia}} }} | languages = [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Arabic]], [[Amharic]], [[Chinese (language)|Chinese]], [[Russian (language)|Russian]], [[Hindi]], [[Portuguese (language)|Portuguese]] | website = [https://brics-russia2024.ru/en/ brics-russia2024.ru] | formerly = BRIC | GDP_nominal = {{increase}}$28.393 trillion<ref name="imf.org"/> | GDP_PPP = {{increase}}$65.786 trillion<ref name="imf.org"/> | funding = Member states }} '''BRICS''' is an [[acronym]] used to talk about the [[countries]] of [[Brazil]], [[Russia]], [[India]], [[People's Republic of China|China]], [[South Africa]], [[Iran]], [[Egypt]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Indonesia]] and the [[United Arab Emirates]]. Many [[Economics|economists]] think that all these countries are at a similar stage of [[economic development]]. The acronym was invented by Jim O'Neill, an economist who worked for [[Goldman Sachs]]. In [[2001]], O'Neill wrote an article that he called "Building Better Global Economic BRICs".<ref>{{cite news | url = http://money.cnn.com/2009/06/17/news/economy/goldman_sachs_jim_oneill_interview.fortune/index.htm | title = For Mr. BRIC, nations meeting a milestone | first = Beth | last = Kowitt | publisher = CNNMoney.com | date = 2009-06-17 | access-date = 2009-06-18}}</ref><ref>[http://www2.goldmansachs.com/ideas/brics/book/99-dreaming.pdf Global Economics Paper No. 99, Dreaming with BRICs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081026054415/http://www2.goldmansachs.com/ideas/brics/book/99-dreaming.pdf |date=2008-10-26 }}'' and ''Global Economics Paper 134, How Solid Are the BRICs?''</ref><ref>Economist's [http://www.economist.com/finance/displaystory.cfm?story_id=11075147 Another BRIC in the wall] 2008 article</ref> They also proposed to have a “partnership model” for other countries and talked about starting a [[common currency]]. They planned to use the [[United States dollar|US dollar]] less.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Cotterill|first=Joseph|date=2023-08-24|title=Brics leaders invite 6 nations including Saudis and Iran to join bloc|work=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/30f96f4c-e5a6-452c-a283-265c558b0cf2|access-date=2023-08-25}}</ref> ==Countries that are called "partnership countries"== These countries could gain full membership later, but they are not full members. As of 2025's second quarter: [[Belarus]], [[Bolivia]], [[Cuba]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Malaysia]], [[Nigeria]], [[Thailand]], [[Uganda]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Vietnam]] ==Leaders== Leaders as of 2025's first quarter <gallery class="center" widths="145"> File:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.jpg|alt=BrazilLuiz Inácio Lula da Silva,President of Brazil|'''{{BRA}}'''<br>[[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]],<br>[[President of Brazil]] File:Vladimir Putin (2017-07-08).jpg|alt=RussiaVladimir Putin,President|'''{{RUS}}'''<br>[[Vladimir Putin]],<br>[[President of Russia|President]] File:PM Modi Portrait(cropped).jpg|alt=IndiaNarendra Modi,Prime Minister|'''{{IND}}'''<br />[[Narendra Modi]],<br>[[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] File:Xi Jinping 2019.jpg|alt=ChinaXi Jinping,President|'''{{CHN}}'''<br />[[Xi Jinping]],<br>[[President of the People's Republic of China|President]] File:2019 Reunião Informal do BRICS - 48142657142 (cropped).jpg|alt=South AfricaCyril Ramaphosa,President|'''{{ZAF}}'''<br />[[Cyril Ramaphosa]],<br>[[President of South Africa|President]] File:Khamenei 2023.jpeg|'''{{IRN}}'''<br />[[Ali Khamenei|Seyed Ali Khamenei]],<br>[[Supreme Leader of Iran|Supreme Leader]]|alt=IranSeyed Ali Khamenei,Supreme Leader File:PM in a bilateral meeting with the Prime Minister of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Mr. Ably Ahmed during the 15th BRICS Summit at Johannesburg, in South Africa on August 24, 2023 (cropped).jpg|'''[[Ethiopia]]'''<br />[[Abiy Ahmed]],<br>[[Prime Minister of Ethiopia|Prime Minister]] File:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi in 2017.jpg|'''{{EGY}}'''<br />[[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]],<br>[[President of Egypt|President]]|alt=EgyptAbdel Fattah el-Sisi,President File:Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan - 2024 (cropped).jpg|'''{{UAE}}'''<br />[[Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan]],<br>[[President]]|alt=United Arab EmiratesMohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan,President </gallery> ==Countries that have applied for membership== A total of 15 countries have formally applied to join BRICS, listed as follows:<ref name="Prange 2023">{{cite web |last=Prange |first=Astrid |date=27 Mar 2023 |title=A new world order? BRICS nations offer alternative to West – DW – 04/10/2023 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/a-new-world-order-brics-nations-offer-alternative-to-west/a-65124269 |access-date=24 Aug 2023 |website=dw.com}}</ref> * {{Flag|Algeria}} (applied in 2022) (Expected to join in next expansion) * {{Flag|Bahrain}}<ref name="Arab Nations">{{cite news|url=https://thecradle.co/article-view/24119/five-arab-states-plus-iran-among-19-nations-ready-to-join-brics|title=Five Arab states plus Iran among 19 nations ready to join BRICS|date=30 April 2023|work=The Cradle}}</ref> (applied in 2023) * {{Flag|Bangladesh}}<ref name="Bangladesh Formally Applies To Join BRICS">{{cite news |last1=Devonshire-Ellis |first1=Chris |title=Bangladesh Formally Applies To Join BRICS |url=https://www.silkroadbriefing.com/news/2023/06/20/bangladesh-formally-applies-to-join-brics |access-date=22 June 2023 |agency=Silk Road Briefing |date=20 June 2023 |archive-date=21 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621162547/https://www.silkroadbriefing.com/news/2023/06/20/bangladesh-formally-applies-to-join-brics/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> (applied in 2023) * {{Flag|Belarus}}<ref name="Belarus says it has applied to join BRICS club - Russian RIA agency">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/belarus-says-it-has-applied-join-brics-club-russian-ria-agency-2023-07-25/|title=Belarus says it has applied to join BRICS club, RIA reports|newspaper=Reuters |date=25 July 2023|via=www.reuters.com}}</ref> (applied in 2023) * {{Flag|Bolivia}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/bolivia-president-attend-brics-summit-bid-new-investment-2023-07-31/|title=Bolivia president to attend BRICS summit in bid for new investment|last=Ramos|first=Daniel|newspaper=Reuters |date=31 July 2023|via=www.reuters.com}}</ref> (applied in 2023) * {{Flag|Cuba}} (applied in 2023) * {{Flag|Honduras}} (applied in 2023) * {{Flag|Kazakhstan}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://astanatimes.com/2023/06/kazakhstan-seeks-to-join-brics-and-enhance-trade-and-economic-cooperation/|title=Kazakhstan Seeks to Join BRICS and Enhance Trade and Economic Cooperation|last=Omirgazy|first=Dana|date=5 June 2023|work=Astana Times}}</ref> (applied in 2023) * {{Flag|Kuwait}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20230815-south-africa-8-arab-countries-request-to-join-brics/|title=South Africa: 8 Arab countries request to join BRICS|date=15 August 2023|work=Middle East Monitor}}</ref> (applied in 2023) * {{Flag|Pakistan}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/24/pakistan-seeks-brics-membership-despite-india-roadblock|title=Pakistan seeks BRICS membership, despite India roadblock |date=24 November 2023|work=Al Jazeera}}</ref> (applied in 2023) * {{Flag|Palestine}}<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ahmed Alqarout|first=|date=28 August 2023|title=Is BRICS really the lifeline Palestine needs?|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2023/8/28/palestines-betting-on-brics-but-is-brics-betting-on-palestine|access-date=|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> (applied in 2023) * {{Flag|Senegal}}<ref name="auto">{{cite news|url=https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/wjbz_663308/activities_663312/202205/t20220520_10690435.html|title=Wang Yi Chairs Dialogue of Foreign Ministers between BRICS and Emerging Markets and Developing Countries|date=June 2023}}</ref> (applied in 2023) * {{Flag|Thailand}}<ref name="auto"/> (applied in 2023) * {{Flag|Venezuela}} (applied in 2023) * {{Flag|Vietnam}} (applied in 2023) ==References== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Bibliography== * Elder, Miriam, and Leahy, Joe, et al., [http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/d31392b2-89ca-11dd-8371-0000779fd18c.html?nclick_check=1 ''Who's who: Bric leaders take their place at the top table''], Financial Times, London, September 25, 2008 * O'Neill, Jim, [http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/0dcb6f1c-8906-11dd-a179-0000779fd18c.html ''BRICs could point the way out of the Economic Mire''], Financial Times, London, September 23, 2008, p.&nbsp;28. * {{cite book| author = Mark Kobayashi-Hillary| title = Building a Future with BRICs: The Next Decade for Offshoring| url = https://archive.org/details/buildingfuturewi0000unse| year = 2008| publisher = Springer Verlag| isbn = 978-3-540-46453-2 }} * {{cite book| author = Julien Vercueil| title = Les pays émergents: Brésil-Russie-Inde-Chine... Mutations économiques et nouveaux défis| date = 2010-09-03| publisher = Editions Bréal| isbn = 978-2-7495-0957-0 }} <!-- ==Other websites== * [http://www.bricfinancialnews.com Business news from the BRIC countries] * [http://www2.goldmansachs.com/insight/nb,nnmresearch/reports/report32.html Goldman Sachs: The BRICs Dream: Web Tour, July 2006] * [http://www.internationalbusinessreport.com/Reports/Focus-reports/2008_emerging_markets.asp Grant Thornton IBR - Emerging markets: reshaping the global economy. May 2008] * [http://www.internationalbusinessreport.com/main/report.php?page=129&lang=en&id=118212&country_id=0 Grant Thornton IBR - Emerging markets (BRIC) focus. 2007] * [http://danskeresearch.danskebank.com/link/PresentationAndreMarkeder27062006/$file/BRIC27062006.pdf Thomas Harr, Senior Analyst, Danske Bank: BRIC The Major Issues; June 2006] * [http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTRUSSIANFEDERATION/147270-1109938296415/21077781/BRIC_Eng.pdf Kristalina Georgieva, Country Director Russian Federation, World Bank: BRIC Countries in Comparative Perspective, 2006] * [http://www.nationalbanken.dk/DNUK/Publications.nsf/1c326d7c6cdf6f66c1256c080048787c/e620f890a6185dc9c1256f7200310bb6/$FILE/kap03.html Article on Brics from the Danish National Bank with extensive statistics and comaprisons with G7 countries and Denmark], * [http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/03_43/b3855187_mz035.htm Businessweek article on Goldman Sach's predictions regarding BRIC] * [http://www2.goldmansachs.com/ideas/brics/book/BRIC-Full.pdf Goldman Sach's predictions for BRIC (PDF)] * [http://www.dni.gov/nic/NIC_2020_project.html "Mapping the Global Future: Report of the National Intelligence Council's 2020 Project"] - [[National Intelligence Council]] report and Forecast * [http://criterionglobal.wordpress.com/2009/01/13/luxury-marketing-in-bric-countries/ Luxury Marketing in BRIC Countries: When Fashion and Foreign Policy Converge]. Market segment analysis by Criterion Global, [http://criterionglobal.com/main.html International Media Buying firm] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/documentary_archive/4287124.stm BBC Documentary Archive - four part audio documentary] * [http://bricsonbrics.org/pages/default.aspx BRIC's on BRIC's program : Harnessing growth in new realities at Fundaçao dom Cabral, 13th business school in the world] * [http://www2.goldmansachs.com/ideas/brics/book/99-dreaming.pdf Goldman Sachs - '''Global Economics Paper No. 99: Dreaming with BRICs: The Path to 2050''', October, 2003 (PDF) ] * [http://www2.goldmansachs.com/ideas/brics/how-solid-doc.pdf Goldman Sachs - How Solid are the BRICs? December, 2005 (PDF) ] * [http://www2.goldmansachs.com/ideas/brics/brics-decade-doc.pdf Goldman Sachs - Is this the ‘BRICs Decade’? May, 2010 (PDF) ] * [http://rbth.ru/articles/2010/09/29/whos_the_best_bric_now04991.html Who’s the best Bric now? September, 2010] * [http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/02/22/brics_a_short_history "A short history" (Foreign Policy) by Blake Hounshell] --> <!-- {{BRIC countries}} {{Current BRIC Leaders}} {{BRIC summits}} {{International power}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bric}} [[Category:2000s economic history]] [[Category:Country classifications]] [[Category:Foreign relations of India]] [[Category:Foreign relations of the People's Republic of China]] [[Category:Foreign relations of Brazil]] [[Category:Goldman Sachs]] [[Category:Multilateral relations of Russia]] [[Category:Economic Grouping Acronyms]] --> [[Category:International organizations]] [[Category:Economics organizations]] [[Category:Economy of Africa]] [[Category:Economy of Asia]] [[Category:Economy of South America]] [[Category:Economy of Brazil]] [[Category:Economy of India]] [[Category:Economy of Russia]] [[Category:Economy of South Africa]] [[Category:China]] a66iw4brajxd72zpas8e180k96eiv99 10369209 10369208 2025-07-03T08:24:07Z ChenzwBot 16695 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/117.234.226.85|117.234.226.85]] ([[User talk:117.234.226.85|talk]]) to last version by Enyavar 10334401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = BRICS | image = | image_size = 250 | caption = BRICS representatives at the 2024 summit, from right to left: [[Mauro Vieira]], [[Masoud Pezeshkian]], [[Mohamed bin Zayed al nahyan]], [[Narendra Modi]], [[Vladimir Putin]], [[Xi Jinping]], [[Cyril Ramaphosa]], [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]] and [[Abiy Ahmed]] | logo = BRICS 2024 Russian chairmanship logo.svg | logo_size = 250 | logo_alt = | logo_caption = BRICS logo during the [[16th BRICS summit|2024 Russian chairmanship]] | map = BRICS, partners and applicants (2025-06).svg | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = Map key <!--as of January 2025 (!)--> {{legend|#0072B2|BRICS member countries}} {{legend|#87aade|BRICS ''partners''}} {{legend|#5fd35f|BRICS ''candidates''}} | map2_size = | map2_caption = ---- '''[[Member state]]s and key leaders:''' ----{{Infobox|subbox=yes | labelstyle = padding-right:1em;text-align:left | datastyle = text-align:left | label1 = {{flag|Brazil}} | data1 = [[President of Brazil|President]] [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva|Lula da Silva]] | label2 = {{flag|Russia}} | data2 = [[President of Russia|President]] [[Vladimir Putin]] | label3 = {{flag|India}} | data3 = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] | label4 = {{flag|China}} | data4 = [[President of the People's Republic of China|President]] [[Xi Jinping]] | label5 = {{flag|South Africa}} [[15th BRICS summit|(2023 host)]] | data5 = [[President of South Africa|President]] [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] }}<!-- end of subbox --><hr/> | named_after = Founder member states' initials (in English)<br>[[BRIC]] (economic term) | formation = {{Start date and age|2009|6|16|df=yes}} | founding_location = {{unbulleted list|[[Yekaterinburg]], [[Russia]]|([[1st BRIC summit]])}} | type = [[International organization|Intergovernmental organization]] | purpose = Political and economical | fields = [[International relations|International Politics]] | membership = {{Collapsible list|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; | title = 10 member states | {{flag|Brazil}} | {{flag|Russia}} | {{flag|India}} | {{flag|China}} | {{flag|South Africa}} | {{flag|Iran}} | {{flag|Egypt}} | {{flag|Ethiopia}} | {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} | {{flag|Indonesia}} }} | languages = [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Arabic]], [[Amharic]], [[Chinese (language)|Chinese]], [[Russian (language)|Russian]], [[Hindi]], [[Portuguese (language)|Portuguese]] | website = [https://brics-russia2024.ru/en/ brics-russia2024.ru] | formerly = BRIC | GDP_nominal = {{increase}}$28.393 trillion<ref name="imf.org"/> | GDP_PPP = {{increase}}$65.786 trillion<ref name="imf.org"/> | funding = Member states }} '''BRICS''' is an [[acronym]] used to talk about the [[countries]] of [[Brazil]], [[Russia]], [[India]], [[People's Republic of China|China]], [[South Africa]], [[Iran]], [[Egypt]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Indonesia]] and the [[United Arab Emirates]]. Many [[Economics|economists]] think that all these countries are at a similar stage of [[economic development]]. When people write about these countries, they usually write "BRICS" or the "BRICS countries". The acronym was invented by Jim O'Neill, an economist who worked for [[Goldman Sachs]]. In [[2001]], O'Neill wrote an article that he called "Building Better Global Economic BRICs".<ref>{{cite news | url = http://money.cnn.com/2009/06/17/news/economy/goldman_sachs_jim_oneill_interview.fortune/index.htm | title = For Mr. BRIC, nations meeting a milestone | first = Beth | last = Kowitt | publisher = CNNMoney.com | date = 2009-06-17 | access-date = 2009-06-18}}</ref><ref>[http://www2.goldmansachs.com/ideas/brics/book/99-dreaming.pdf Global Economics Paper No. 99, Dreaming with BRICs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081026054415/http://www2.goldmansachs.com/ideas/brics/book/99-dreaming.pdf |date=2008-10-26 }}'' and ''Global Economics Paper 134, How Solid Are the BRICs?''</ref><ref>Economist's [http://www.economist.com/finance/displaystory.cfm?story_id=11075147 Another BRIC in the wall] 2008 article</ref> [[Mexico]] and [[South Korea]] were the only other countries with economies that are like the BRICs. O'Neill did not include these countries because they were considered already more developed, as they were already members of the [[OECD]].<ref name="Ref-1">{{cite web |title=How Solid are the BRICs? |publisher=Global Economics |url=http://www2.goldmansachs.com/ideas/brics/how-solid-doc.pdf |access-date=2010-09-21 |archive-date=2011-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717001813/http://www2.goldmansachs.com/ideas/brics/how-solid-doc.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> They also proposed to have a “partnership model” for other countries and talked about starting a [[common currency]]. They planned to use the [[United States dollar|US dollar]] less.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Cotterill|first=Joseph|date=2023-08-24|title=Brics leaders invite 6 nations including Saudis and Iran to join bloc|work=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/30f96f4c-e5a6-452c-a283-265c558b0cf2|access-date=2023-08-25}}</ref> ==Countries that are called "partnership countries"== These countries could gain full membership later, but they are not full members. As of 2025's second quarter: [[Belarus]], [[Bolivia]], [[Cuba]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Malaysia]], [[Nigeria]], [[Thailand]], [[Uganda]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Vietnam]] ==Leaders== Leaders as of 2025's first quarter <gallery class="center" widths="145"> File:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.jpg|alt=BrazilLuiz Inácio Lula da Silva,President of Brazil|'''{{BRA}}'''<br>[[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]],<br>[[President of Brazil]] File:Vladimir Putin (2017-07-08).jpg|alt=RussiaVladimir Putin,President|'''{{RUS}}'''<br>[[Vladimir Putin]],<br>[[President of Russia|President]] File:PM Modi Portrait(cropped).jpg|alt=IndiaNarendra Modi,Prime Minister|'''{{IND}}'''<br />[[Narendra Modi]],<br>[[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] File:Xi Jinping 2019.jpg|alt=ChinaXi Jinping,President|'''{{CHN}}'''<br />[[Xi Jinping]],<br>[[President of the People's Republic of China|President]] File:2019 Reunião Informal do BRICS - 48142657142 (cropped).jpg|alt=South AfricaCyril Ramaphosa,President|'''{{ZAF}}'''<br />[[Cyril Ramaphosa]],<br>[[President of South Africa|President]] File:Khamenei 2023.jpeg|'''{{IRN}}'''<br />[[Ali Khamenei|Seyed Ali Khamenei]],<br>[[Supreme Leader of Iran|Supreme Leader]]|alt=IranSeyed Ali Khamenei,Supreme Leader File:PM in a bilateral meeting with the Prime Minister of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Mr. Ably Ahmed during the 15th BRICS Summit at Johannesburg, in South Africa on August 24, 2023 (cropped).jpg|'''[[Ethiopia]]'''<br />[[Abiy Ahmed]],<br>[[Prime Minister of Ethiopia|Prime Minister]] File:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi in 2017.jpg|'''{{EGY}}'''<br />[[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]],<br>[[President of Egypt|President]]|alt=EgyptAbdel Fattah el-Sisi,President File:Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan - 2024 (cropped).jpg|'''{{UAE}}'''<br />[[Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan]],<br>[[President]]|alt=United Arab EmiratesMohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan,President </gallery> ==Countries that have applied for membership== A total of 15 countries have formally applied to join BRICS, listed as follows:<ref name="Prange 2023">{{cite web |last=Prange |first=Astrid |date=27 Mar 2023 |title=A new world order? BRICS nations offer alternative to West – DW – 04/10/2023 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/a-new-world-order-brics-nations-offer-alternative-to-west/a-65124269 |access-date=24 Aug 2023 |website=dw.com}}</ref> * {{Flag|Algeria}} (applied in 2022) (Expected to join in next expansion) * {{Flag|Bahrain}}<ref name="Arab Nations">{{cite news|url=https://thecradle.co/article-view/24119/five-arab-states-plus-iran-among-19-nations-ready-to-join-brics|title=Five Arab states plus Iran among 19 nations ready to join BRICS|date=30 April 2023|work=The Cradle}}</ref> (applied in 2023) * {{Flag|Bangladesh}}<ref name="Bangladesh Formally Applies To Join BRICS">{{cite news |last1=Devonshire-Ellis |first1=Chris |title=Bangladesh Formally Applies To Join BRICS |url=https://www.silkroadbriefing.com/news/2023/06/20/bangladesh-formally-applies-to-join-brics |access-date=22 June 2023 |agency=Silk Road Briefing |date=20 June 2023 |archive-date=21 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621162547/https://www.silkroadbriefing.com/news/2023/06/20/bangladesh-formally-applies-to-join-brics/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> (applied in 2023) * {{Flag|Belarus}}<ref name="Belarus says it has applied to join BRICS club - Russian RIA agency">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/belarus-says-it-has-applied-join-brics-club-russian-ria-agency-2023-07-25/|title=Belarus says it has applied to join BRICS club, RIA reports|newspaper=Reuters |date=25 July 2023|via=www.reuters.com}}</ref> (applied in 2023) * {{Flag|Bolivia}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/bolivia-president-attend-brics-summit-bid-new-investment-2023-07-31/|title=Bolivia president to attend BRICS summit in bid for new investment|last=Ramos|first=Daniel|newspaper=Reuters |date=31 July 2023|via=www.reuters.com}}</ref> (applied in 2023) * {{Flag|Cuba}} (applied in 2023) * {{Flag|Honduras}} (applied in 2023) * {{Flag|Kazakhstan}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://astanatimes.com/2023/06/kazakhstan-seeks-to-join-brics-and-enhance-trade-and-economic-cooperation/|title=Kazakhstan Seeks to Join BRICS and Enhance Trade and Economic Cooperation|last=Omirgazy|first=Dana|date=5 June 2023|work=Astana Times}}</ref> (applied in 2023) * {{Flag|Kuwait}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20230815-south-africa-8-arab-countries-request-to-join-brics/|title=South Africa: 8 Arab countries request to join BRICS|date=15 August 2023|work=Middle East Monitor}}</ref> (applied in 2023) * {{Flag|Pakistan}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/24/pakistan-seeks-brics-membership-despite-india-roadblock|title=Pakistan seeks BRICS membership, despite India roadblock |date=24 November 2023|work=Al Jazeera}}</ref> (applied in 2023) * {{Flag|Palestine}}<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ahmed Alqarout|first=|date=28 August 2023|title=Is BRICS really the lifeline Palestine needs?|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2023/8/28/palestines-betting-on-brics-but-is-brics-betting-on-palestine|access-date=|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> (applied in 2023) * {{Flag|Senegal}}<ref name="auto">{{cite news|url=https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/wjbz_663308/activities_663312/202205/t20220520_10690435.html|title=Wang Yi Chairs Dialogue of Foreign Ministers between BRICS and Emerging Markets and Developing Countries|date=June 2023}}</ref> (applied in 2023) * {{Flag|Thailand}}<ref name="auto"/> (applied in 2023) * {{Flag|Venezuela}} (applied in 2023) * {{Flag|Vietnam}} (applied in 2023) ==References== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Bibliography== * Elder, Miriam, and Leahy, Joe, et al., [http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/d31392b2-89ca-11dd-8371-0000779fd18c.html?nclick_check=1 ''Who's who: Bric leaders take their place at the top table''], Financial Times, London, September 25, 2008 * O'Neill, Jim, [http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/0dcb6f1c-8906-11dd-a179-0000779fd18c.html ''BRICs could point the way out of the Economic Mire''], Financial Times, London, September 23, 2008, p.&nbsp;28. * {{cite book| author = Mark Kobayashi-Hillary| title = Building a Future with BRICs: The Next Decade for Offshoring| url = https://archive.org/details/buildingfuturewi0000unse| year = 2008| publisher = Springer Verlag| isbn = 978-3-540-46453-2 }} * {{cite book| author = Julien Vercueil| title = Les pays émergents: Brésil-Russie-Inde-Chine... Mutations économiques et nouveaux défis| date = 2010-09-03| publisher = Editions Bréal| isbn = 978-2-7495-0957-0 }} <!-- ==Other websites== * [http://www.bricfinancialnews.com Business news from the BRIC countries] * [http://www2.goldmansachs.com/insight/nb,nnmresearch/reports/report32.html Goldman Sachs: The BRICs Dream: Web Tour, July 2006] * [http://www.internationalbusinessreport.com/Reports/Focus-reports/2008_emerging_markets.asp Grant Thornton IBR - Emerging markets: reshaping the global economy. May 2008] * [http://www.internationalbusinessreport.com/main/report.php?page=129&lang=en&id=118212&country_id=0 Grant Thornton IBR - Emerging markets (BRIC) focus. 2007] * [http://danskeresearch.danskebank.com/link/PresentationAndreMarkeder27062006/$file/BRIC27062006.pdf Thomas Harr, Senior Analyst, Danske Bank: BRIC The Major Issues; June 2006] * [http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTRUSSIANFEDERATION/147270-1109938296415/21077781/BRIC_Eng.pdf Kristalina Georgieva, Country Director Russian Federation, World Bank: BRIC Countries in Comparative Perspective, 2006] * [http://www.nationalbanken.dk/DNUK/Publications.nsf/1c326d7c6cdf6f66c1256c080048787c/e620f890a6185dc9c1256f7200310bb6/$FILE/kap03.html Article on Brics from the Danish National Bank with extensive statistics and comaprisons with G7 countries and Denmark], * [http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/03_43/b3855187_mz035.htm Businessweek article on Goldman Sach's predictions regarding BRIC] * [http://www2.goldmansachs.com/ideas/brics/book/BRIC-Full.pdf Goldman Sach's predictions for BRIC (PDF)] * [http://www.dni.gov/nic/NIC_2020_project.html "Mapping the Global Future: Report of the National Intelligence Council's 2020 Project"] - [[National Intelligence Council]] report and Forecast * [http://criterionglobal.wordpress.com/2009/01/13/luxury-marketing-in-bric-countries/ Luxury Marketing in BRIC Countries: When Fashion and Foreign Policy Converge]. Market segment analysis by Criterion Global, [http://criterionglobal.com/main.html International Media Buying firm] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/documentary_archive/4287124.stm BBC Documentary Archive - four part audio documentary] * [http://bricsonbrics.org/pages/default.aspx BRIC's on BRIC's program : Harnessing growth in new realities at Fundaçao dom Cabral, 13th business school in the world] * [http://www2.goldmansachs.com/ideas/brics/book/99-dreaming.pdf Goldman Sachs - '''Global Economics Paper No. 99: Dreaming with BRICs: The Path to 2050''', October, 2003 (PDF) ] * [http://www2.goldmansachs.com/ideas/brics/how-solid-doc.pdf Goldman Sachs - How Solid are the BRICs? December, 2005 (PDF) ] * [http://www2.goldmansachs.com/ideas/brics/brics-decade-doc.pdf Goldman Sachs - Is this the ‘BRICs Decade’? May, 2010 (PDF) ] * [http://rbth.ru/articles/2010/09/29/whos_the_best_bric_now04991.html Who’s the best Bric now? September, 2010] * [http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/02/22/brics_a_short_history "A short history" (Foreign Policy) by Blake Hounshell] --> <!-- {{BRIC countries}} {{Current BRIC Leaders}} {{BRIC summits}} {{International power}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bric}} [[Category:2000s economic history]] [[Category:Country classifications]] [[Category:Foreign relations of India]] [[Category:Foreign relations of the People's Republic of China]] [[Category:Foreign relations of Brazil]] [[Category:Goldman Sachs]] [[Category:Multilateral relations of Russia]] [[Category:Economic Grouping Acronyms]] --> [[Category:International organizations]] [[Category:Economics organizations]] [[Category:Economy of Africa]] [[Category:Economy of Asia]] [[Category:Economy of South America]] [[Category:Economy of Brazil]] [[Category:Economy of India]] [[Category:Economy of Russia]] [[Category:Economy of South Africa]] [[Category:China]] baeqb4vs3dzpkm8hr5i3otdnjf7rwl6 0 298387 10368662 9512017 2025-07-03T01:52:26Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10368662 wikitext text/x-wiki {{update|date=May 2017}} [[File:Anthonyweiner.jpg|right|thumb|Anthony Weiner]] '''Anthony David Weiner''' (born September 4, 1964) is a former member of the [[United States House of Representatives]]. He represented the 9th district of the state of [[New York (state)|New York]]. Weiner is a member of the [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic Party]]. ==Early political career== After graduating from college at the [[State University of New York-Plattsburgh]] in 1985, Weiner began working on the staff of [[Charles Schumer]], who was then a Congressman from New York.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.politico.com/arena/bio/rep_anthony_weiner.html |title=The Arena: - Rep. Anthony Weiner Bio |work=politico.com |year=2011 |access-date=June 7, 2011 |archive-date=June 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623172112/http://www.politico.com/arena/bio/rep_anthony_weiner.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1991, Weiner became the youngest person to be elected to the City Council of [[New York City]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/weiner.html |title=Anthony D. Weiner |work=jewishvirtuallibrary.org |year=2005 |access-date=June 7, 2011}}</ref> Weiner was first elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1999. In 2011, Weiner became involved in a [[scandal]] after his [[Twitter]] account sent a woman a picture of a man with an [[erection]].<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=New Yorker Magazine |url=http://nymag.com/daily/intel/2011/06/anthony_weiners_big_ego.html |title=Anthony Weiner's Big Ego |date=June 2, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The Pittsburg Post-Gazette |title=Weiner's troubling tweet |date=June 5, 2011 |first=Jack |last=Kelly |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/11156/1151175-373-0.stm }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2011/06/05/a-few-holes-in-skeevy-skivvy-story/|title=A few holes in skeevy skivvy story|first=Post Staff|last=Report|date=5 June 2011}}</ref> At first, Weiner said that he had not sent the picture and that somebody must have hacked into his account. However, a few days later, he admitted that he had sent the picture and that he had been having sexual conversations with several women through [[Twitter]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/POLITICS/06/06/new.york.weiner/index.html|title=Weiner apologizes for lying, 'terrible mistakes,' refuses to resign|website=www.cnn.com}}</ref> Because of the scandal, Weiner left the House of Representatives. He quit on June 16.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.cnn.com/2011-06-16/politics/weiner.scandal_1_congressman-weiner-sexting-scandal-poor-judgment?_s=PM:POLITICS |title=Weiner resigns after sexting scandal - CNN |first=Dana |last=Bash |work=cnn.com |date=June 16, 2011 |access-date=June 18, 2011 |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629023848/http://articles.cnn.com/2011-06-16/politics/weiner.scandal_1_congressman-weiner-sexting-scandal-poor-judgment?_s=PM:POLITICS |url-status=dead }}</ref> In August 2016, Wiener was again blamed for sending a picture of his manbulge.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2016/08/28/anthony-weiner-sexted-busty-brunette-while-his-son-was-in-bed-with-him/|title=Anthony Weiner sexted busty brunette while his son was in bed with him|first1=Rebecca|last1=Rosenberg|first2=Bruce|last2=Golding|date=29 August 2016}}</ref> == Personal life == Weiner [[married]] [[Huma Abedin]] in 2010. Their son was born in 2011. Weiner is [[Jewish]]. ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Weiner, Anthony}} [[Category:1964 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:20th-century American politicians]] [[Category:21st-century American politicians]] [[Category:Democratic Party (United States) politicians]] [[Category:Jewish American politicians]] [[Category:Politicians from New York City]] [[Category:United States representatives from New York (state)]] ja3p0nrvcug4dm7yf4witqzndlasv5g 0 300332 10368584 9899834 2025-07-03T00:30:54Z 180.191.102.72 did i vandalize 10368584 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Italic title}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Dunkleosteus'' | fossil_range = {{fossil range|Late Silurian|Late Devonian}} | image = Dunkleosteus skull QM email.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = ''Dunkleosteus'' skull, [[Queensland Museum]] | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | subphylum = [[Vertebrata]] | classis = †[[Placodermi]] | ordo = †[[Arthrodira]] | familia = †[[Dunkleosteidae]] | genus = [[extinction|†]]'''''Dunkleosteus''''' | genus_authority = [[Lehman]], 1956 }} '''''Dunkleosteus''''' was a prehistoric [[arthrodire]]. It was a primitive [[fish]] from the later [[Devonian]] period, about 360 million years ago. It was a heavily armoured [[placoderm]]. Fossils have been found in [[Morocco]], [[Africa]], [[Poland]], [[Belgium]], [[China]], and the [[United States|USA]]. ''Dunkleosteus'' first appeared in the Late [[Silurian]], and the group became [[extinction|extinct]] during the transition from the Late [[Devonian]] to the Late [[Carboniferous]], leaving no descendants. It lasted barely 50 million years compared to the 400 million year-long history of [[shark]]s. It preyed on ''[[Stethacanthus]]'' and ''[[Cladoselache]]''. == Description == This top predator was up to 11.5 ft (3.5 m) long and had large, scissor-like cutting jaws with serrated, razor-sharp bones but no teeth. Its [[skull]] was over 2 feet (65 cm) long. It had a jointed neck, an eel-like [[tail]], a scale-less body, and hinged body shields. == References == {{commonscat}} {{wikispecies}} {{reflist}} {{taxonbar|from=Q131039}} {{authority control}} [[category:Fossils]] [[Category:Placoderms]] 7od4laznzry82cw65dfpybdhqggbbue 10368605 10368584 2025-07-03T00:49:33Z 180.191.102.72 Propper references 10368605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = ''Dunkleosteus'' | fossil_range = {{fossil range|Late Silurian|Late Devonian}} | domain = [[Eukaryote|Eukaryota]] | image = Dunkleosteus skull QM email.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = ''Dunkleosteus'' skull, [[Queensland Museum]] | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | subphylum = [[Vertebrata]] | type_species = †'''''Dunkleosteus terrelli''''' | type_species_authority = Newberry, 1873 | classis = †[[Placodermi]] | ordo = †[[Arthrodira]] | familia = †[[Dunkleosteidae]] | genus = [[extinction|†]]'''''Dunkleosteus''''' | genus_authority = [[Lehman]], 1956 }} {{Italic title}}'''''Dunkleosteus''''' was a prehistoric [[arthrodire]]. It was a primitive [[fish]] from the later [[Devonian]] period, about 360 million years ago. It was a heavily armoured [[placoderm]]. Fossils have been found in [[Morocco]], [[Africa]], [[Poland]], [[Belgium]], [[China]], and the [[United States|USA]]. This fish was a [[pelagic]] creature living in open waters, and one of the first vertebrate [[Apex predator|apex predators]] of any ecosystem.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tamisiea|first=Jack|date=4 March 2023|title=Dunk Was Chunky, but Still Deadly|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/04/science/chunky-dunk-fossil.html|website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> ''Dunkleosteus'' first appeared in the Late [[Silurian]], and the group became [[extinction|extinct]] during the transition from the Late [[Devonian]] to the Late [[Carboniferous]], leaving no descendants. It lasted barely 50 million years compared to the 400 million year-long history of [[shark]]s. It preyed on ''[[Stethacanthus]]'' and ''[[Cladoselache]]''. One new species from 2023, ''D. tuderensis'', was named based on an infragnathal from the [[Famennian]] of the [[Tver Oblast|Tver]] [[Tver Oblast|Oblast]], [[Russia]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Structure, Growth and Histology of Gnathal Elements in Dunkleosteus (Arthrodira, Placodermi), with a Description of a New Species from the Famennian (Upper Devonian) of the Tver Region (North-Western Russia)|url=https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/15/5/648|website=Paleoecology, Diversity, Taphonomy, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Paleozoic Fishes}}</ref> == Description == [[File:Dunkleosteus spp.jpg|thumb|Life restorations of three species]] This top predator was up to 11.5 ft (3.5 m) long and had large, scissor-like cutting jaws with serrated, razor-sharp bones but no teeth. Its [[skull]] was over 2 feet (65 cm) long. It had a jointed neck, an eel-like [[tail]], a scale-less body, and hinged body shields. [[File:Dunkleosteus terrelli 2024 reconstruction.jpg|thumb|The "shrunken" reconstruction of ''Dunkleosteus'']] == Species == * <abbr>†</abbr>''[[Dunkleosteus amblyodoratus|D. amblyodoratus]]'' <small>Carr & Hlavin, 2010</small> * <abbr>†</abbr>''D. belgicus'' (?) <small>(Newberry, 1873)</small> * <abbr>†</abbr>''D. denisoni'' <small>(Kulczycki, 1957)</small> * <abbr>†</abbr>''D. magnificus'' <small>(Hussakof & Bryant, 1919)</small> * <abbr>†</abbr>''[[Dunkleosteus marsaisi|D. marsaisi]]'' <small>Lehmann, 1956</small> * <abbr>†</abbr>''D. missouriensis'' <small>(Branson, 1914)</small> * <abbr>†</abbr>''D. newberryi'' <small>(Clarke, 1885)</small> * <abbr>†</abbr>''D. raveri'' <small>Carr & Hlavin, 2010</small> * <abbr>†</abbr>''[[Dunkleosteus terrelli|D. terrelli]]'' <small>(Newberry, 1873 [originally ''[[Dinichthys]]''])</small> * <abbr>†</abbr>''[[Dunkleosteus tuderensis|D. tuderensis]]'' <small>Lebedev et. al., 2023</small><ref name=":0" /> == References == {{commonscat}} {{wikispecies}}{{taxonbar|from=Q131039}} {{authority control}} [[category:Fossils]] [[Category:Placoderms]] rfuwd30eot3m7b9jip422d07cf5tqnn 10368609 10368605 2025-07-03T00:59:29Z 180.191.102.72 10368609 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = ''Dunkleosteus'' | fossil_range = {{fossil range|Late Silurian|Late Devonian}} | domain = [[Eukaryote|Eukaryota]] | image = Dunkleosteus skull QM email.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = ''Dunkleosteus'' skull, [[Queensland Museum]] | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | subphylum = [[Vertebrata]] | type_species = †'''''Dunkleosteus terrelli''''' | type_species_authority = Newberry, 1873 | classis = †[[Placodermi]] | ordo = †[[Arthrodira]] | familia = †[[Dunkleosteidae]] | genus = [[extinction|†]]'''''Dunkleosteus''''' | genus_authority = [[Lehman]], 1956 }} {{Italic title}}'''''Dunkleosteus''''' was a prehistoric [[arthrodire]]. It was a primitive [[fish]] from the later [[Devonian]] period, about 360 million years ago. It was a heavily armoured [[placoderm]]. Fossils have been found in [[Morocco]], [[Africa]], [[Poland]], [[Belgium]], [[China]], and the [[United States|USA]]. This fish was a [[pelagic]] creature living in open waters, and one of the first vertebrate [[Apex predator|apex predators]] of any ecosystem.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tamisiea|first=Jack|date=4 March 2023|title=Dunk Was Chunky, but Still Deadly|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/04/science/chunky-dunk-fossil.html|website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> ''Dunkleosteus'' first appeared in the Late [[Silurian]], and the group became [[extinction|extinct]] during the transition from the Late [[Devonian]] to the Late [[Carboniferous]], leaving no descendants. It lasted barely 50 million years compared to the 400 million year-long history of [[shark]]s. It preyed on ''[[Stethacanthus]]'' and ''[[Cladoselache]]''. One new species from 2023, ''D. tuderensis'', was named based on an infragnathal from the [[Famennian]] of the [[Tver Oblast|Tver]] [[Tver Oblast|Oblast]], [[Russia]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Structure, Growth and Histology of Gnathal Elements in Dunkleosteus (Arthrodira, Placodermi), with a Description of a New Species from the Famennian (Upper Devonian) of the Tver Region (North-Western Russia)|url=https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/15/5/648|website=Paleoecology, Diversity, Taphonomy, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Paleozoic Fishes}}</ref> == Description == [[File:Dunkleosteus spp.jpg|thumb|Life restorations of three species]] This top predator was up to 11.5 ft (3.5 m) long and had large, scissor-like cutting jaws with serrated, razor-sharp bones but no teeth. Its [[skull]] was over 2 feet (65 cm) long. It had a jointed neck, an eel-like [[tail]], a scale-less body, and hinged body shields. [[File:Dunkleosteus terrelli 2024 reconstruction.jpg|thumb|The "shrunken" reconstruction of ''Dunkleosteus'']] == Species == * <abbr>†</abbr>''[[Dunkleosteus amblyodoratus|D. amblyodoratus]]'' <small>Carr & Hlavin, 2010</small> * <abbr>†</abbr>''D. belgicus'' (?) <small>(Newberry, 1873)</small> * <abbr>†</abbr>''D. denisoni'' <small>(Kulczycki, 1957)</small> * <abbr>†</abbr>''D. magnificus'' <small>(Hussakof & Bryant, 1919)</small> * <abbr>†</abbr>''[[Dunkleosteus marsaisi|D. marsaisi]]'' <small>Lehmann, 1956</small> * <abbr>†</abbr>''D. missouriensis'' <small>(Branson, 1914)</small> * <abbr>†</abbr>''D. newberryi'' <small>(Clarke, 1885)</small> * <abbr>†</abbr>''D. raveri'' <small>Carr & Hlavin, 2010</small> * <abbr>†</abbr>''[[Dunkleosteus terrelli|D. terrelli]]'' <small>(Newberry, 1873 [originally ''[[Dinichthys]]''])</small> * <abbr>†</abbr>''[[Dunkleosteus tuderensis|D. tuderensis]]'' <small>Lebedev et. al., 2023</small><ref name=":0" /> == References == {{commonscat}} {{wikispecies}} [[category:Fossils]] [[Category:Placoderms]] <references /> == Other websites == ** [http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/vertebrates/basalfish/placodermi.html ''Introduction to the Placodermi: Extinct Armored Fishes with Jaws''. Waggoner, Ben (2000). Retrieved Aug 1, 2005] {{Taxonbar}} {{Authority control}} rnwtomo263shyumr8nmat8owo9er8hj 10368610 10368609 2025-07-03T01:00:23Z 180.191.102.72 10368610 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = ''Dunkleosteus'' | fossil_range = {{fossil range|Late Silurian|Late Devonian}} | domain = [[Eukaryote|Eukaryota]] | image = Dunkleosteus skull QM email.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = ''Dunkleosteus'' skull, [[Queensland Museum]] | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | subphylum = [[Vertebrata]] | type_species = †'''''Dunkleosteus terrelli''''' | type_species_authority = Newberry, 1873 | classis = †[[Placodermi]] | ordo = †[[Arthrodira]] | familia = †[[Dunkleosteidae]] | genus = [[extinction|†]]'''''Dunkleosteus''''' | genus_authority = [[Lehman]], 1956 }} {{Italic title}}'''''Dunkleosteus''''' was a prehistoric [[arthrodire]]. It was a primitive [[fish]] from the later [[Devonian]] period, about 360 million years ago. It was a heavily armoured [[placoderm]]. Fossils have been found in [[Morocco]], [[Africa]], [[Poland]], [[Belgium]], [[China]], and the [[United States|USA]]. This fish was a [[pelagic]] creature living in open waters, and one of the first vertebrate [[Apex predator|apex predators]] of any ecosystem.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tamisiea|first=Jack|date=4 March 2023|title=Dunk Was Chunky, but Still Deadly|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/04/science/chunky-dunk-fossil.html|website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> ''Dunkleosteus'' first appeared in the Late [[Silurian]], and the group became [[extinction|extinct]] during the transition from the Late [[Devonian]] to the Late [[Carboniferous]], leaving no descendants. It lasted barely 50 million years compared to the 400 million year-long history of [[shark]]s. It preyed on ''[[Stethacanthus]]'' and ''[[Cladoselache]]''. One new species from 2023, ''D. tuderensis'', was named based on an infragnathal from the [[Famennian]] of the [[Tver Oblast|Tver]] [[Tver Oblast|Oblast]], [[Russia]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Structure, Growth and Histology of Gnathal Elements in Dunkleosteus (Arthrodira, Placodermi), with a Description of a New Species from the Famennian (Upper Devonian) of the Tver Region (North-Western Russia)|url=https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/15/5/648|website=Paleoecology, Diversity, Taphonomy, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Paleozoic Fishes}}</ref> == Description == [[File:Dunkleosteus spp.jpg|thumb|Life restorations of three species]] This top predator was up to 11.5 ft (3.5 m) long and had large, scissor-like cutting jaws with serrated, razor-sharp bones but no teeth. Its [[skull]] was over 2 feet (65 cm) long. It had a jointed neck, an eel-like [[tail]], a scale-less body, and hinged body shields. [[File:Dunkleosteus terrelli 2024 reconstruction.jpg|thumb|The "shrunken" reconstruction of ''Dunkleosteus'']] == Species == * <abbr>†</abbr>''[[Dunkleosteus amblyodoratus|D. amblyodoratus]]'' <small>Carr & Hlavin, 2010</small> * <abbr>†</abbr>''D. belgicus'' (?) <small>(Newberry, 1873)</small> * <abbr>†</abbr>''D. denisoni'' <small>(Kulczycki, 1957)</small> * <abbr>†</abbr>''D. magnificus'' <small>(Hussakof & Bryant, 1919)</small> * <abbr>†</abbr>''[[Dunkleosteus marsaisi|D. marsaisi]]'' <small>Lehmann, 1956</small> * <abbr>†</abbr>''D. missouriensis'' <small>(Branson, 1914)</small> * <abbr>†</abbr>''D. newberryi'' <small>(Clarke, 1885)</small> * <abbr>†</abbr>''D. raveri'' <small>Carr & Hlavin, 2010</small> * <abbr>†</abbr>''[[Dunkleosteus terrelli|D. terrelli]]'' <small>(Newberry, 1873 [originally ''[[Dinichthys]]''])</small> * <abbr>†</abbr>''[[Dunkleosteus tuderensis|D. tuderensis]]'' <small>Lebedev et. al., 2023</small><ref name=":0" /> == References == {{commonscat}} {{wikispecies}} [[category:Fossils]] [[Category:Placoderms]] <references /> == Other websites == ** [http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/vertebrates/basalfish/placodermi.html ''Introduction to the Placodermi: Extinct Armored Fishes with Jaws''. Waggoner, Ben (2000). Retrieved Aug 1, 2005] ** [[wikidata:Q131039|Wikidata]] {{Taxonbar}} {{Authority control}} jefctodw43w44caz8kr2apxwpoyqlnh 0 303088 10368782 10137201 2025-07-03T02:41:52Z 124.189.224.146 /* Bidding */ This states incorrect things about the world cup so I have made some changes. 10368782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{EngvarB|date=January 2022}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}} {{Infobox international football competition | tourney_name = FIFA World Cup | year = 2022 | other_titles = {{lang-ar|كَأسُ اَلعَالَمِ 2022|link=no}}<br />{{Lang-afb|كَاسُ اَلعَالَمِ ٢٠٢٢|script=arab}}<br />The Qatar 2022<br />{{lang|ar| قطر ٢٠٢٢{{lrm}}}} | image =2022 FIFA World Cup Qatar (Wordmark).svg | size = | caption = 2022 FIFA World Cup Logo | country = [[Qatar]] | dates = {{Nowrap|20 November – 18 December}} | confederations = 5 | num_teams = 32 | venues = 8 | cities = 5 | champion = AUS | count = 3 | second = ARG | third = FRA | fourth = CRO | matches = 64 | goals = 176 | attendance = {{#expr: <!--Group A--> 67372 + 41721 + 41797 + 44833 + 44569 + 66784 <!--Group B-->+ 45334 + 43418 + 40875 + 68463 + 44297 + 42127 <!--Group C-->+ 88012 + 39369 + 44259 + 88966 + 44089 + 84985 <!--Group D-->+ 42925 + 40875 + 41823 + 42860 + 41232 + 43627 <!--Group E-->+ 42608 + 40013 + 41479 + 68895 + 44851 + 67054 <!--Group F-->+ 59407 + 40432 + 43738 + 44374 + 43984 + 43102 <!--Group G-->+ 39089 + 88103 + 39789 + 43649 + 41378 + 85986 <!--Group H-->+ 41663 + 42662 + 43983 + 88668 + 43443 + 44097 <!--Round of 16-->+ 44846 + 45032 + 40989 + 65985 + 42523 + 43847 + 44667 + 83720 <!--Quarter-finals-->+ 43893 + 88235 + 44198 + 68895 <!--Semi-finals-->+ 88966 + 68294 <!--Third place-->+ 44137 <!--Final-->+ 88966}} | top_scorer = {{fbicon|AUS}} [[Mathew Leckie]] {{nowrap|(8 goals)}} | player = {{fbicon|AUS}} [[Craig Goodwin]] | goalkeeper = {{fbicon|AUS}} [[Mathew Ryan]] | young_player = {{fbicon|AUS}} [[Kye Rowles]] | fair_play = {{fb|ENG}} | prevseason = [[2018 FIFA World Cup|2018]] | nextseason = ''[[2026 FIFA World Cup|2026]]'' }} The '''2022 FIFA World Cup''' was the 22nd [[FIFA World Cup]]. It was hosted in [[Qatar]] from 20 November 2022 to 18 December 2022. It was the first World Cup hosted in the [[Arab world]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.gulf-times.com/story/599599/Amir-2022-World-Cup-Qatar-a-tournament-for-all-Ara |title=Amir: 2022 World Cup Qatar a tournament for all Arabs |date=15 July 2018 |work=Gulf Times |access-date=6 December 2021 |url-status=live |archive-date=7 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907183342/https://www.gulf-times.com/story/599599/Amir-2022-World-Cup-Qatar-a-tournament-for-all-Ara }}</ref> and the second to be hosted fully in Asia.{{efn|The 2018 tournament in Russia was not fully in Asia, it had only two host cities in Asia (the rest were in Europe).}} This was the last World Cup played with a 32 team format. The tournament was played during the months of November and December to stay away from the hot weather during the summer months in Qatar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 March 2015 |title=FIFA Executive Committee confirms November/December event period for Qatar 2022 |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/qatar2022/news/y=2015/m=3/news=fifa-executive-committee-confirms-november-december-event-period-for-q-2567789.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910210625/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/qatar2022/news/y=2015/m=3/news=fifa-executive-committee-confirms-november-december-event-period-for-q-2567789.html |archive-date=10 September 2018 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> The reigning champions were [[France national football team|France]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/jul/15/france-croatia-world-cup-final-match-report |title=France seal second World Cup triumph with 4–2 win over brave Croatia |last=Taylor |first=Daniel |date=15 July 2018 |website=The Guardian |access-date=6 December 2021 |url-status=live |archive-date=26 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626195043/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/jul/15/france-croatia-world-cup-final-match-report }}</ref> There have been suspicions on whether Qatar earned hosting rights fairly. An investigation that was done by FIFA reported that Qatar earned hosting rights fairly. This investigation was criticized by [[Michael J. Garcia]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/30037729 |title=Fifa report 'erroneous', says lawyer who investigated corruption claims |publisher=BBC Sport |date=13 November 2014 |access-date=6 December 2021 |url-status=live |archive-date=22 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222160348/http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/30037729 }}</ref> Qatar was also criticized because of the treatment of the foreign workers preparing the World Cup stadiums.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2016 |title=Amnesty says workers at Qatar World Cup stadium suffer abuse |url=http://www.eurosport.com/football/amnesty-says-workers-at-qatar-world-cup-stadium-suffer-abuse_sto5416371/story.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402053622/http://www.eurosport.com/football/amnesty-says-workers-at-qatar-world-cup-stadium-suffer-abuse_sto5416371/story.shtml |archive-date=2 April 2016 |access-date=31 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=guardian-workers-pay>[https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/mar/31/migrant-workers-in-qatar-forced-to-pay-billions-in-recruitment-fees-world-cup Revealed: migrant workers in Qatar forced to pay billions in recruitment fees] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405200322/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/mar/31/migrant-workers-in-qatar-forced-to-pay-billions-in-recruitment-fees-world-cup |date=2022-04-05 }}, The Guardian, 2022-03-31.</ref> == Bidding == {|class="wikitable" |+2022 FIFA bidding !rowspan=2|Bidders !colspan=4|Votes |- !Round 1 !Round 2 !Round 3 !Round 4 |- |align="left"| '''{{QAT}}''' |align="center"|11 |align="center"|10 |align="center"|11 ! align="center" style="background: #90ff90;" |14 |- |align="left"|{{USA}} |align="center"|3 |align="center"|5 |align="center"|6 |align="center"|8 |- |align="left"|{{KOR}} |align="center"|4 |align="center"|5 |align="center"|5 |{{no result|—}} |- |align="left"|{{JPN}} |align="center"|3 |align="center"|2 |{{no result|—}} |{{no result|—}} |- |align="left"|{{AUS}} |align="center"|1 |{{no result|—}} |{{no result|—}} |{{no result|—}} |} == Qualification == {{main|2022 FIFA World Cup qualification}} FIFA's six continental confederations have their own qualifying tournaments. All 211 associations are able to enter qualification. [[Qatar national football team|Qatar]], qualified automatically because they are the hosts. Qatar still plays in the first two rounds of [[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]] qualification because it is also qualification for the [[2023 AFC Asian Cup]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Palmer |first1=Dan |title=Hosts Qatar to compete in qualifying for 2022 World Cup |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1053493/hosts-qatar-to-compete-in-qualifying-for-2022-world-cup |access-date=6 December 2021 |work=insidethegames.biz |publisher=Dunsar Media Company |date=31 July 2017 |url-status=live |archive-date=6 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606063449/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1053493/hosts-qatar-to-compete-in-qualifying-for-2022-world-cup }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.the-afc.com/competitions/fifa-world-cup/latest/news/groups-finalised-for-qatar-2022-china-2023-race|title=Groups finalised for Qatar 2022 & China 2023 race|work=The-AFC.com|publisher=AFC|date=17 July 2019|access-date=6 December 2021|url-status=live|archive-date=20 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820085920/https://www.the-afc.com/competitions/fifa-world-cup/latest/news/groups-finalised-for-qatar-2022-china-2023-race}}</ref> The previous [[List of FIFA World Cup finals|World Cup champions]] [[France national football team|France]] will participate in qualification as normal.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/world-cup/news/2022-world-cup-odds-france-favorite-to-repeat-in-qatar-usa-behind-mexico-with-16th-best-odds/ |title=2022 World Cup odds: France favorite to repeat in Qatar; USA behind Mexico with 16th-best odds |work=CBS Sports |access-date=6 December 2021 |url-status=live |archive-date=1 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401134213/https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/world-cup/news/2022-world-cup-odds-france-favorite-to-repeat-in-qatar-usa-behind-mexico-with-16th-best-odds/ }}</ref> [[Saint Lucia national football team|Saint Lucia]], [[North Korea national football team|North Korea]], [[American Samoa national football team|American Samoa]], [[Samoa national football team|Samoa]] all withdrew because of safety reasons related to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], with North Korea withdrawing after already playing matches. [[Tonga national football team|Tonga]] withdrew because of the [[2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai eruption and tsunami]]. [[Russia national football team|Russia]] was suspended by FIFA because of the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]]. [[Vanuatu national football team|Vanuatu]] and [[Cook Islands national football team|Cook Islands]] both withdrew because of [[COVID-19]] cases in their squads, with Cook Islands withdrawing after already playing matches. The amount of available World Cup slots for each confederation was discussed by the FIFA Executive Committee on 30 May 2015 in [[Zürich]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/qatar2022/news/y=2015/m=3/news=2022-fifa-world-cup-to-be-played-in-november-december-2568172.html |title=2022 FIFA World Cup to be played in November/December |publisher=FIFA |date=20 March 2015 |access-date=6 December 2021 |archive-date=12 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112185227/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/qatar2022/news/y=2015/m=3/news=2022-fifa-world-cup-to-be-played-in-november-december-2568172.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The committee decided that the slots would be the same as 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2015/m=5/news=current-allocation-of-fifa-world-cuptm-confederation-slots-maintained-2610611.html |title=Current allocation of FIFA World Cup confederation slots maintained |publisher=FIFA |date=30 May 2015 |access-date=6 December 2021 |archive-date=16 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116131907/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2015/m=5/news=current-allocation-of-fifa-world-cuptm-confederation-slots-maintained-2610611.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Confederation of African Football|CAF]] (Africa): 5 * [[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]] (Asia): 4 or 5{{efn|name=slots|Decided by the Inter-Confederation Play-offs.}} (not including Qatar, the hosts) * [[UEFA]] (Europe): 13 * [[CONCACAF]] (North and Central America and Caribbean): 3 or 4{{efn|name=slots}} * [[Oceania Football Confederation|OFC]] (Oceania): 0 or 1{{efn|name=slots}} * [[CONMEBOL]] (South America): 4 or 5{{efn|name=slots}} * Hosts: 1 ===Qualified teams=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! width=110| Team ! width=245| Qualified as |- | {{fb|QAT}} || Host nation |- | {{fb|GER}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group J|UEFA Group J]] winners |- | {{fb|DEN}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group F|UEFA Group F]] winners |- | {{fb|BRA}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|CONMEBOL]] winners |- |{{fb|FRA}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group D|UEFA Group D]] winners |- |{{fb|BEL}} || {{nowrap|[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group E|UEFA Group E]] winners}} |- | {{fb|CRO}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group H|UEFA Group H]] winners |- | {{fb|ESP}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group B|UEFA Group B]] winners |- | {{fb|SRB}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group A|UEFA Group A]] winners |- | {{fb|ENG}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group I|UEFA Group I]] winners |- | {{fb|SUI}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group C|UEFA Group C]] winners |- | {{fb|NED}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group G|UEFA Group G]] winners |- | {{fb|ARG}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|CONMEBOL]] runners-up |- | {{fb|IRN}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC Third Round#Group A|AFC Third Round Group A]] winners |- | {{fb|KOR}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC Third Round#Group A|AFC Third Round Group A]] runners-up |- | {{fb|JPN}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC Third Round#Group B|AFC Third Round Group B]] runners-up |- | {{fb|KSA}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC Third Round#Group B|AFC Third Round Group B]] winners |- | {{fb|ECU}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|CONMEBOL]] fourth place |- | {{fb|URU}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|CONMEBOL]] third place |- | {{fb|CAN}} || {{nowrap|[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF Third Round|CONCACAF Third Round]] winners}} |- | {{fb|GHA}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF Third Round|CAF Third Round]] winner |- | {{fb|SEN}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF Third Round|CAF Third Round]] winner |- | {{fb|POR}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Second Round|UEFA Second Round]] winner |- | {{fb|POL}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Second Round|UEFA Second Round]] winner |- | {{fb|TUN}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF Third Round|CAF Third Round]] winner |- | {{fb|MAR}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF Third Round|CAF Third Round]] winner |- | {{fb|CMR}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF Third Round|CAF Third Round]] winner |- | {{fb|USA}} || {{nowrap|[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF Third Round|CONCACAF Third Round]] third place}} |- | {{fb|MEX}} || {{nowrap|[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF Third Round|CONCACAF Third Round]] runners-up}} |- | {{fb|WAL}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Second Round|UEFA Second Round]] winners |- | {{fb|AUS}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (AFC–CONMEBOL play-off)|AFC v CONMEBOL play-off]] winners |- | {{fb|CRC}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF–OFC play-off)|CONCACAF v OFC play-off]] winners |} ==Officiating== On 19 May 2022, FIFA announced the list of 36 referees, and 69 assistant referees and 24 [[video assistant referees]] for the tournament. Of the 36 referees, FIFA included two each from Argentina, Brazil, England and France.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/36-referees-69-assistant-referees-and-24-video-match-officials-appointed-for-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022 |title=36 referees, 69 assistant referees and 24 video match officials appointed for FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 |publisher=FIFA |date=2022-05-19 |access-date=2022-05-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/1da4b811328add8f/original/MEDIA-Alphabetical-order-List-of-Match-Officials-FWC-2022-Qatar.pdf |title=FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 – List of appointed FIFA Match Officials |publisher=FIFA |date=2022-05-19 |access-date=2022-05-19}}</ref> For the first time women referees will referee games at a major men's tournament. [[Stéphanie Frappart]] from France, Rwandan [[Salima Mukansanga]] and [[Yoshimi Yamashita]] from Japan became the first female referees to be appointed to a men's World Cup. They will be joined by three female assistant referees, also a first. Frappart oversaw the [[2019 FIFA Women's World Cup Final]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/womens/womensworldcup/france2019/news/origin1904-p.cxm.fifa.comfrappart-final-role-a-huge-sense-of-pride|title=Frappart: Final role a huge source of pride|website=FIFA.com}}{{Dead link|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Venues == <!--************************************* PLEASE do not include non-free images in this section. See WP:NFTABLE **************************************--> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- ![[Lusail]] ![[Al Khor (city)|Al Khor]] !colspan=2|[[Doha]] |- |[[Lusail Iconic Stadium]] |[[Al Bayt Stadium]] |[[Stadium 974]] |[[Al Thumama Stadium]] |- |Capacity: '''80,000'''<br /> |Capacity: '''60,000'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 January 2018 |title=Al Bayt Stadium: A uniquely Qatari stadium, to rival the best in the world |url=https://www.sc.qa/en/stadiums/al-bayt-stadium |url-status=live |access-date=8 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910124517/https://www.sc.qa/en/stadiums/al-bayt-stadium |archive-date=10 September 2019}}</ref> |Capacity: '''40,000'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 January 2018 |title=Qatar Foundation Stadium: An amazing experience for fans & a bright future for football |url=https://www.sc.qa/en/stadiums/qatar-foundation-stadium |url-status=dead |access-date=8 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108175652/https://www.sc.qa/en/stadiums/qatar-foundation-stadium |archive-date=8 January 2018}}</ref> |Capacity: '''40,000'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 January 2018 |title=Al Thuymama Stadium: A tribute to our region |url=https://www.sc.qa/en/stadiums/al-thumama-stadium |url-status=live |access-date=8 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731183730/https://sc.qa/en/stadiums/al-thumama-stadium |archive-date=31 July 2019}}</ref> |- | | | | |- !rowspan="1" colspan="2"|Host cities in Qatar{{location map+|float=center|Qatar|width=385|caption=|places= {{Location map~|Qatar|lat=25.4269|long=51.5045|position=right|label=[[Lusail]]}} {{Location map~|Qatar|lat=25.2870|long=51.5310|mark=Blue pog.svg|marksize=11|position=right|label=Doha}} {{Location map~|Qatar|lat=25.6819|long=51.4969|position=right|label=[[Al-Khor]]}} {{Location map~|Qatar|lat=25.1680|long=51.5976|position=right|label=[[Al-Wakrah]]}} {{Location map~|Qatar|lat=25.2483|long=51.4105|position=left|label=[[Al-Rayyan]]}} }} !rowspan="1" colspan="2"|Stadiums in [[Doha|Doha area]]{{location map+|float=center|Qatar Doha|width=300|caption=|places= {{Location map~|Qatar Doha|lat=25.3140|long=51.4416|position=right|label=[[Education City|Education]]}} {{Location map~|Qatar Doha|lat=25.2846|long=51.5755|position=bottom|label=[[Ras Abu Aboud|974]]}} {{Location map~|Qatar Doha|lat=25.2635|long=51.4481|position=right|label=[[Aspire Zone|Khalifa]]}} {{Location map~|Qatar Doha|lat=25.2316|long=51.5413|position=right|label=[[Al Thumama (Doha)|Thumama]]}} }} |- !colspan=3|[[Al Rayyan (city)|Al Rayyan]] ![[Al Wakrah]] |- |[[Education City Stadium]] |[[Ahmad bin Ali Stadium]]{{efn|Ahmad bin Ali Stadium is in Al Rayyan but outside the area of the Doha area map.}} |[[Khalifa International Stadium]] |[[Al Janoub Stadium]] |- |Capacity: '''45,350'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 January 2018 |title=Ras Abu Aboud Stadium: A legacy for the community |url=https://www.sc.qa/en/stadiums/ras-abu-aboud-stadium |url-status=live |access-date=8 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731184156/https://sc.qa/en/stadiums/ras-abu-aboud-stadium |archive-date=31 July 2019}}</ref> |Capacity: '''44,740'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 January 2018 |title=Al Rayyan Stadium: The gateway to the desert opens its doors to the world |url=https://www.sc.qa/en/stadiums/al-rayyan-stadium |url-status=live |access-date=8 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731183730/https://sc.qa/en/stadiums/al-rayyan-stadium |archive-date=31 July 2019}}</ref><br /><small></small> |Capacity: '''40,000'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 January 2018 |title=Khalifa International Stadium: Qatar's most historic stadium & a crucial player for 2022 |url=https://www.sc.qa/en/stadiums/khalifa-international-stadium |url-status=live |access-date=8 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217204939/https://www.sc.qa/en/stadiums/khalifa-international-stadium |archive-date=17 December 2019}}</ref><br /><small>''(upgraded)''</small> |Capacity: '''40,000'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 May 2019 |title=Tradition and innovation come together as striking Al Janoub Stadium in Al Wakrah City is opened |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/tradition-and-innovation-come-together-as-striking-al-janoub-stadium-in-al-wakra |url-status=live |access-date=23 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711091026/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/tradition-and-innovation-come-together-as-striking-al-janoub-stadium-in-al-wakra |archive-date=11 July 2019}}</ref> |- | | |[[File:Khalifa_Stadium,_Doha,_Brazil_vs_Argentina_(2010).jpg|200x200px]] | |} ==Final draw== The final draw was in the Doha Exhibition and Convention Center in [[Doha]], Qatar,<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 October 2021 |title=FIFA Council endorses global summit to discuss the future of football |work=[[FIFA]] |url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/organisation/fifa-council/media-releases/fifa-council-endorses-global-summit-to-discuss-the-future-of-football |access-date=20 October 2021 |archive-date=11 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311143732/https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/organisation/fifa-council/media-releases/fifa-council-endorses-global-summit-to-discuss-the-future-of-football |url-status=live }}</ref> on 1 April 2022,<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 January 2022 |title=2022 European football calendar: Match and draw dates for all UEFA competitions |work=[[UEFA]] |url=https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/about-uefa/news/0271-1418c37e08e1-9c223aeae6cb-1000/ |access-date=5 January 2022 |archive-date=11 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311083608/https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/about-uefa/news/0271-1418c37e08e1-9c223aeae6cb-1000/ |url-status=live }}</ref> 19:00 [[Arabia Standard Time|AST]], before the [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification|qualifiers]] finished. The two winners of the [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (inter-confederation play-offs)|inter-confederation play-offs]] and the winner of the [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Second Round#Path A|Path A of the UEFA play-offs]] were not known at the time of the draw.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/procedures-for-the-final-draw-for-the-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022-tm-released |title=Procedures for the Final Draw for the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 released |publisher=FIFA |date=22 March 2022 |access-date=22 March 2022 |archive-date=31 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331071003/https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/procedures-for-the-final-draw-for-the-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022-tm-released |url-status=live }}</ref> For the draw, the 32 teams were put into four pots based on their [[FIFA World Rankings]] of 31 March 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifa-world-ranking/men?dateId=id13603 |title=Men's Ranking: 31 Mar 2022 |publisher=FIFA |date=31 March 2022 |access-date=31 March 2022 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530070631/https://www.fifa.com/fifa-world-ranking/men?dateId=id13603 |url-status=live }}</ref> The teams in Pot 1 were the hosts, Qatar (who were automatically seeded as A1) and the best seven teams. The teams in Pot 2 were the next best eight teams, with the next best eight teams into Pot 3. The teams in Pot 4 were the five lowest-ranked teams, the two inter-confederation play-off winners and the UEFA Path A play-off winner. Teams from the same confederation could not be in the same group except UEFA, which allowed maximum two teams in the same group. The Pot 1 teams were automatically seeded as 1.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/2ef762dcf5f577c6/original/Portrait-Master-Template.pdf |title=Draw procedures: FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 |publisher=FIFA |date=22 March 2022 |access-date=22 March 2022 |archive-date=12 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412081133/https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/2ef762dcf5f577c6/original/Portrait-Master-Template.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The pots for the draw are shown below.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/news/qatar-2022-final-draw-all-you-need-to-know |title=Qatar 2022 Final Draw: All you need to know |publisher=FIFA |date=31 March 2022 |access-date=31 March 2022 |archive-date=2 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402202529/https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/news/qatar-2022-final-draw-all-you-need-to-know |url-status=live }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- !width=25%| Pot 1 !width=25%| Pot 2 !width=25%| Pot 3 !width=25%| Pot 4 |- | {{fb|QAT}} (51) ''(hosts)''<br /> {{fb|BRA}} (1)<br /> {{fb|BEL}} (2)<br /> {{fb|FRA}} (3)<br /> {{fb|ARG}} (4)<br /> {{fb|ENG}} (5)<br /> {{fb|ESP}} (7)<br /> {{fb|POR}} (8) | {{fb|MEX}} (9)<br /> {{fb|NED}} (10)<br /> {{fb|DEN}} (11)<br /> {{fb|GER}} (12)<br /> {{fb|URU}} (13)<br /> {{fb|SUI}} (14)<br /> {{fb|USA}} (15)<br /> {{fb|CRO}} (16) | {{fb|SEN}} (20)<br /> {{fb|IRN}} (21)<br /> {{fb|JPN}} (23)<br /> {{fb|MAR}} (24)<br /> {{fb|SRB}} (25)<br /> {{fb|POL}} (26)<br /> {{fb|KOR}} (29)<br /> {{fb|TUN}} (35) | {{fb|CMR}} (37)<br /> {{fb|CAN}} (38)<br /> {{fb|ECU}} (46)<br /> {{fb|KSA}} (49)<br /> {{fb|GHA}} (60)<br /> {{fb|WAL}} (18){{hsp}}{{efn|name=RPS3|[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Second Round#Path A|UEFA Path A]] winners, team not determined at time of draw}}<br /> {{fb|CRC}} (31){{hsp}}{{efn|name=RPS2|[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF–OFC play-off)|CONCACAF v OFC]] winners, team not determined at time of draw}}<br /> {{fb|AUS}} (42){{hsp}}{{efn|name=RPS1|[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (AFC–CONMEBOL play-off)|AFC v CONMEBOL]] winners, team not determined at time of draw}} |} ==Group stage== {{Hatnote|All times are local, [[Arabia Standard Time|AST]] ([[UTC+03:00|UTC+3]]).}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! {{Anchor|Tiebreakers}} Tie-breaking criteria for group play |- |The ranking of teams in the group stage is determined as follows:<ref name="regulations">{{cite web |url=https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/2744a0a5e3ded185/original/FIFA-World-Cup-Qatar-2022-Regulations_EN.pdf |title=Regulations – FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 |publisher=FIFA |date=15 December 2021 |access-date=30 March 2022 |archive-date=4 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404112124/https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/2744a0a5e3ded185/original/FIFA-World-Cup-Qatar-2022-Regulations_EN.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> # Points; # Goal difference; # Number of goals scored; # Points in the matches played between the tied teams; # Goal difference in the matches played between the tied teams; # Number of goals scored in the matches played between the tied teams; # Fair play points: {{unordered list | Yellow card: −1 point; | Indirect red card (second yellow card): −3 points; | Direct red card: −4 points; | Yellow card and direct red card: −5 points; }} # Drawing of lots. |} ===Group A=== {{main|2022 FIFA World Cup Group A}} {{2022 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group A|only_pld_pts=no_hide_class_rules}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group A|A1}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group A|A2}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group A|A3}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group A|A4}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group A|A5}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group A|A6}} ===Group B=== {{main|2022 FIFA World Cup Group B}} {{2022 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group B|only_pld_pts=no_hide_class_rules}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group B|B1}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group B|B2}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group B|B3}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group B|B4}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group B|B5}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group B|B6}} ===Group C=== {{main|2022 FIFA World Cup Group C}} {{2022 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group C|only_pld_pts=no_hide_class_rules}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group C|C1}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group C|C2}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group C|C3}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group C|C4}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group C|C5}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group C|C6}} ===Group D=== {{main|2022 FIFA World Cup Group D}} {{2022 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group D|only_pld_pts=no_hide_class_rules}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group D|D1}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group D|D2}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group D|D3}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group D|D4}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group D|D5}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group D|D6}} ===Group E=== {{main|2022 FIFA World Cup Group E}} {{2022 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group E|only_pld_pts=no_hide_class_rules}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group E|E1}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group E|E2}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group E|E3}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group E|E4}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group E|E5}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group E|E6}} ===Group F=== {{main|2022 FIFA World Cup Group F}} {{2022 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group F|only_pld_pts=no_hide_class_rules}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group F|F1}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group F|F2}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group F|F3}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group F|F4}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group F|F5}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group F|F6}} ===Group G=== {{main|2022 FIFA World Cup Group G}} {{2022 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group G|only_pld_pts=no_hide_class_rules}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group G|G1}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group G|G2}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group G|G3}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group G|G4}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group G|G5}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group G|G6}} ===Group H=== {{main|2022 FIFA World Cup Group H}} {{2022 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group H|only_pld_pts=no_hide_class_rules}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group H|H1}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group H|H2}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group H|H3}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group H|H4}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group H|H5}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group H|H6}} ==Knockout stage== {{Main|2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage}} In the knockout stage, if a match is tied at the end of 90 minutes of normal playing time, [[Overtime (sports)#Association football|extra time]] will be played (two halves that are 15 minutes each). If it is still tied after extra time, the match will be decided by a [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|penalty shoot-out]].<ref name="regulations"/> ===Bracket=== {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|Bracket}} ===Round of 16=== {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|R16-1}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|R16-2}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|R16-3}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|R16-4}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|R16-5}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|R16-6}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|R16-7}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|R16-8}} ===Quarter-finals=== {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|QF1}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|QF2}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|QF3}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|QF4}} ===Semi-finals=== {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|SF1}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|SF2}} ===Third place play-off=== {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|TPP}} ===Final=== {{Main|2022 FIFA World Cup Final}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Final|Final}} ==Marketing== ===Branding=== The official emblem was shown on 3 September 2019 at the [[Doha Tower]], [[Katara (cultural village)|Katara Cultural Village Amphitheatre]], [[Msheireb Downtown Doha]], and [[Zubarah]]. It is designed to show the [[FIFA World Cup Trophy|tournament trophy]], the [[infinity symbol]], and the number "8", which represents the eight host stadiums. It also represents [[shawl]]s to highlight the tournament's winter scheduling, and has waves showing the desert [[dune]]s. The make-up of the emblem's [[wordmark]] describes [[kashida]]—extending certain parts of characters in [[Arabic script]] to give emphasis.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Qatar 2022 emblem revealed |url=https://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/04/09/2019/Qatar-2022-emblem-revealed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904191647/https://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/04/09/2019/Qatar-2022-emblem-revealed |archive-date=4 September 2019 |access-date=4 September 2019 |website=The Peninsula|date=4 September 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Qatar 2022: Football World Cup logo unveiled |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/09/qatar-2022-football-world-cup-logo-unveiled-190903193444377.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903213331/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/09/qatar-2022-football-world-cup-logo-unveiled-190903193444377.html |archive-date=3 September 2019 |access-date=4 September 2019 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Qatar 2022 World Cup logo unveiled, reflects move to winter tournament |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/sports/2019/09/04/qatar-2022-world-cup-logo-unveiled-reflects-move-to-winter-tournament.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904201822/https://www.theweek.in/news/sports/2019/09/04/qatar-2022-world-cup-logo-unveiled-reflects-move-to-winter-tournament.html |archive-date=4 September 2019 |access-date=4 September 2019 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref> ===Mascot=== The tournament's [[FIFA World Cup mascot|official mascot]] was shown on 1 April 2022, during the group stage draw. Its name is La’eeb, which means "super-skilled player" in Arabic. The official website of FIFA says: "La’eeb will be known for his youthful spirit; spreading joy and confidence everywhere he goes", and the official backstory of the character, published there, says that it comes from a different world where tournament mascots live, "a world where ideas and creativity form the basis of characters that live in the minds of everyone".<ref>{{Cite web |title=La'eeb is revealed as Qatar's FIFA World Cup mascot |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/laeeb-is-revealed-as-qatars-fifa-world-cup-tm-mascot |date=1 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |archive-date=27 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427231019/https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/laeeb-is-revealed-as-qatars-fifa-world-cup-tm-mascot |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Match ball=== The official match ball, the "Al Rihla", was shown on 30 March 2022. It was inspired by the culture, architecture, iconic boats and flag of Qatar. In Arabic, the word ''Al Rihla'' means “the journey”. The ball was designed with stability as the main focus. It is the first ever official match ball created with water-based glues and inks. As "the game is getting faster" and "speeds up", [[Adidas]] used some new traits, like more speed and improved accuracy of the ball.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Al Rihla by adidas revealed as FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 Official Match Ball |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/al-rihla-by-adidas-revealed-as-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022-tm-official-match |date=30 March 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |archive-date=1 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401021948/https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/al-rihla-by-adidas-revealed-as-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022-tm-official-match |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Official song=== The official song of the tournament is "[[Hayya Hayya (Better Together)]]", by [[Trinidad Cardona]], [[Davido]] and [[AISHA]], released on 1 April 2022 with the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyDjFVZgJoo music video].<ref>{{Cite web |title=FIFA World Cup Official Soundtrack kicks off with Hayya Hayya (Better Together) |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/trinidad-cardona-joins-davido-and-aisha-for-hayya-hayya-better-together-the |date=1 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |archive-date=1 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401093804/https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/trinidad-cardona-joins-davido-and-aisha-for-hayya-hayya-better-together-the |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Sponsorship== {| class="wikitable"] |- !FIFA partners !!FIFA World Cup sponsors |- |style="vertical-align:top;"| {{col-start}} {{col-2}} * [[Adidas]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2013 |title=FIFA and adidas extend partnership until 2030 |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/fifa-and-adidas-extend-partnership-until-2030-2227271 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628145045/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2013/m=11/news=fifa-and-adidas-extend-partnership-until-2030-2227271.html |archive-date=28 June 2017 |access-date=10 May 2017 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> * [[The Coca-Cola Company|Coca-Cola]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Matthews |first=Sam |date=22 November 2005 |title=Coca-Cola renews Fifa football sponsorship until 2022 |url=http://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/coca-cola-renews-fifa-football-sponsorship-until-2022/529147 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827171212/http://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/coca-cola-renews-fifa-football-sponsorship-until-2022/529147?src_site=brandrepublic |archive-date=27 August 2017 |access-date=10 May 2017 |publisher=Campaign}}</ref> * [[Hyundai Motor Company|Hyundai]]–[[Kia Motors|Kia]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2010 |title=Hyundai-Kia drives on as FIFA Partner until 2022 |url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2010/m=11/news=hyundai-kia-drives-fifa-partner-until-2022-1339629.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618201025/http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2010/m=11/news=hyundai-kia-drives-fifa-partner-until-2022-1339629.html |archive-date=18 June 2017 |access-date=10 May 2017 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> * {{nowrap|[[Qatar Airways]]}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 May 2017 |title=Qatar Airways announced as Official Partner and Official Airline of FIFA until 2022 |url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2017/m=5/news=qatar-airways-official-partner-airline-fifa-2882728.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511144714/http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2017/m=5/news=qatar-airways-official-partner-airline-fifa-2882728.html |archive-date=11 May 2017 |access-date=10 May 2017 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> * {{nowrap|[[QatarEnergy]]}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2022 |title=QatarEnergy announced as official FIFA Partner for the FIFA World Cup 2022 |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/qatarenergy-announced-as-official-fifa-partner-for-the-fifa-world-cup-2022 |publisher=FIFA |access-date=5 April 2022 |archive-date=24 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424230335/https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/qatarenergy-announced-as-official-fifa-partner-for-the-fifa-world-cup-2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Visa Inc.|Visa]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mickle |first=Tripp |date=1 April 2013 |title=Visa extending World Cup deal for eight years |url=http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Journal/Issues/2013/04/01/Marketing-and-Sponsorship/Visa-FIFA.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827173751/http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Journal/Issues/2013/04/01/Marketing-and-Sponsorship/Visa-FIFA.aspx |archive-date=27 August 2017 |access-date=10 May 2017 |website=Sports Business Daily}}</ref> * {{nowrap|[[Wanda Group]]}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilson |first=Bill |date=18 March 2016 |title=Fifa signs China's Wanda as partner |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-35844777 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611214404/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-35844777 |archive-date=11 June 2019 |access-date=6 December 2018 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> {{col-2}} {{col-end}} |style="vertical-align:top;"| {{col-start}} * {{nowrap|[[AB InBev|Anheuser-Busch InBev]]}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 October 2011 |title=FIFA and Anheuser-Busch InBev announce FIFA World Cup sponsorship for 2018 / 2022 |url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2011/m=10/news=fifa-and-anheuser-busch-inbev-announce-fifa-world-cuptm-sponsorship-for--1531958.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827170218/http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2011/m=10/news=fifa-and-anheuser-busch-inbev-announce-fifa-world-cuptm-sponsorship-for--1531958.html |archive-date=27 August 2017 |access-date=10 May 2017 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> *[[Byju's]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Byju's named official sponsor of Fifa World Cup Qatar 20222|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/byjus-named-official-sponsor-of-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022/articleshow/90425001.cms|access-date=2022-04-05|archive-date=2022-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329024114/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/byjus-named-official-sponsor-of-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022/articleshow/90425001.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/kt-network/byjus-announced-as-an-official-sponsor-of-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022tm|publisher=Khaleej Times|title=Byju's announced as an official spnsor of Fifa World Cup Qatar 2022|access-date=2022-04-05|archive-date=2022-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503202510/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/kt-network/byjus-announced-as-an-official-sponsor-of-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022tm|url-status=live}}</ref> *[[Crypto.com]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Morgan |first=Liam |date=22 March 2022 |title=Crypto.com unveiled as FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 Official Sponsor |work=FIFA |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/crypto-com-unveiled-as-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022-tm-official-sponsor |access-date=5 April 2022 |archive-date=12 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412165757/https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/crypto-com-unveiled-as-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022-tm-official-sponsor |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Hisense]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Morgan |first=Liam |date=28 April 2021 |title=Hisense extends FIFA deal after signing on as 2022 World Cup sponsor |work=insidethegames.biz |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1107177/hisense-to-sponsor-2022-world-cup-qatar |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428102256/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1107177/hisense-to-sponsor-2022-world-cup-qatar |archive-date=28 April 2021 |access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref> *[[McDonald's]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Long |first=Michael |date=28 October 2014 |title=Report: McDonald's extends Fifa deal to Qatar 2022 |work=Sportspro Media |url=https://www.sportspromedia.com/news/report_mcdonalds_extends_fifa_deal_to_qatar_2022/ |url-status=live |access-date=29 March 2022 |archive-date=26 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526145849/http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/report_mcdonalds_extends_fifa_deal_to_qatar_2022 }}</ref> *[[Mengniu Dairy]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 October 2021 |title=Mengniu becomes Official Sponsor of FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 |work=FIFA |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/mengniu-becomes-official-sponsor-of-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022-tm |access-date=5 April 2022 |archive-date=30 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330025607/https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/mengniu-becomes-official-sponsor-of-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022-tm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[TikTok]] * [[Vivo (technology company)|Vivo]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carp |first=Sam |date=31 May 2017 |title=Fifa agrees massive World Cup deal with Vivo |url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/fifa-agrees-massive-world-cup-deal-with-vivo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602135310/http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/fifa-agrees-massive-world-cup-deal-with-vivo |archive-date=2 June 2017 |access-date=31 May 2017 |publisher=SportsPro}}</ref> {{col-end}} |} ==Broadcasters== {{main|2022 FIFA World Cup broadcasters}} ==Notes== {{notelist}} == References == <references /> ==Other websites== {{Commons category}} {{Wikiquote}} {{Wikivoyage|World Cup 2022|2022 FIFA World Cup}} * [https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/ FIFA.com 2022 World Cup website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221185040/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/ |date=2018-12-21 }} {{2022 FIFA World Cup}} {{FIFA World Cup}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fifa World Cup 2022}} [[Category:2022 FIFA World Cup| ]] [[Category:FIFA World Cup tournaments|2022]] [[Category:2022 in Asian sport]] [[Category:2020s in Qatar]] [[Category:November 2022 events]] [[Category:December 2022 events]] nie028eh8yrz92dclrp8o15e6y866aq 10368785 10368782 2025-07-03T02:43:24Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/124.189.224.146|124.189.224.146]] ([[User talk:124.189.224.146|talk]]) identified as [[WP:VAND|vandalism]] to last revision by MrMeAndMrMe. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368785 wikitext text/x-wiki {{EngvarB|date=January 2022}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}} {{Infobox international football competition | tourney_name = FIFA World Cup | year = 2022 | other_titles = {{lang-ar|كَأسُ اَلعَالَمِ 2022|link=no}}<br />{{Lang-afb|كَاسُ اَلعَالَمِ ٢٠٢٢|script=arab}}<br />The Qatar 2022<br />{{lang|ar| قطر ٢٠٢٢{{lrm}}}} | image =2022 FIFA World Cup Qatar (Wordmark).svg | size = | caption = 2022 FIFA World Cup Logo | country = [[Qatar]] | dates = {{Nowrap|20 November – 18 December}} | confederations = 5 | num_teams = 32 | venues = 8 | cities = 5 | champion = ARG | count = 3 | second = FRA | third = CRO | fourth = MAR | matches = 64 | goals = 176 | attendance = {{#expr: <!--Group A--> 67372 + 41721 + 41797 + 44833 + 44569 + 66784 <!--Group B-->+ 45334 + 43418 + 40875 + 68463 + 44297 + 42127 <!--Group C-->+ 88012 + 39369 + 44259 + 88966 + 44089 + 84985 <!--Group D-->+ 42925 + 40875 + 41823 + 42860 + 41232 + 43627 <!--Group E-->+ 42608 + 40013 + 41479 + 68895 + 44851 + 67054 <!--Group F-->+ 59407 + 40432 + 43738 + 44374 + 43984 + 43102 <!--Group G-->+ 39089 + 88103 + 39789 + 43649 + 41378 + 85986 <!--Group H-->+ 41663 + 42662 + 43983 + 88668 + 43443 + 44097 <!--Round of 16-->+ 44846 + 45032 + 40989 + 65985 + 42523 + 43847 + 44667 + 83720 <!--Quarter-finals-->+ 43893 + 88235 + 44198 + 68895 <!--Semi-finals-->+ 88966 + 68294 <!--Third place-->+ 44137 <!--Final-->+ 88966}} | top_scorer = {{fbicon|FRA}} [[Kylian Mbappé]] {{nowrap|(8 goals)}} | player = {{fbicon|ARG}} [[Lionel Messi]] | goalkeeper = {{fbicon|ARG}} [[Emiliano Martínez]] | young_player = {{fbicon|ARG}} [[Enzo Fernández]] | fair_play = {{fb|ENG}} | prevseason = [[2018 FIFA World Cup|2018]] | nextseason = ''[[2026 FIFA World Cup|2026]]'' }} The '''2022 FIFA World Cup''' was the 22nd [[FIFA World Cup]]. It was hosted in [[Qatar]] from 20 November 2022 to 18 December 2022. It was the first World Cup hosted in the [[Arab world]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.gulf-times.com/story/599599/Amir-2022-World-Cup-Qatar-a-tournament-for-all-Ara |title=Amir: 2022 World Cup Qatar a tournament for all Arabs |date=15 July 2018 |work=Gulf Times |access-date=6 December 2021 |url-status=live |archive-date=7 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907183342/https://www.gulf-times.com/story/599599/Amir-2022-World-Cup-Qatar-a-tournament-for-all-Ara }}</ref> and the second to be hosted fully in Asia.{{efn|The 2018 tournament in Russia was not fully in Asia, it had only two host cities in Asia (the rest were in Europe).}} This was the last World Cup played with a 32 team format. The tournament was played during the months of November and December to stay away from the hot weather during the summer months in Qatar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 March 2015 |title=FIFA Executive Committee confirms November/December event period for Qatar 2022 |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/qatar2022/news/y=2015/m=3/news=fifa-executive-committee-confirms-november-december-event-period-for-q-2567789.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910210625/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/qatar2022/news/y=2015/m=3/news=fifa-executive-committee-confirms-november-december-event-period-for-q-2567789.html |archive-date=10 September 2018 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> The reigning champions were [[France national football team|France]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/jul/15/france-croatia-world-cup-final-match-report |title=France seal second World Cup triumph with 4–2 win over brave Croatia |last=Taylor |first=Daniel |date=15 July 2018 |website=The Guardian |access-date=6 December 2021 |url-status=live |archive-date=26 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626195043/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/jul/15/france-croatia-world-cup-final-match-report }}</ref> There have been suspicions on whether Qatar earned hosting rights fairly. An investigation that was done by FIFA reported that Qatar earned hosting rights fairly. This investigation was criticized by [[Michael J. Garcia]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/30037729 |title=Fifa report 'erroneous', says lawyer who investigated corruption claims |publisher=BBC Sport |date=13 November 2014 |access-date=6 December 2021 |url-status=live |archive-date=22 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222160348/http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/30037729 }}</ref> Qatar was also criticized because of the treatment of the foreign workers preparing the World Cup stadiums.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2016 |title=Amnesty says workers at Qatar World Cup stadium suffer abuse |url=http://www.eurosport.com/football/amnesty-says-workers-at-qatar-world-cup-stadium-suffer-abuse_sto5416371/story.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402053622/http://www.eurosport.com/football/amnesty-says-workers-at-qatar-world-cup-stadium-suffer-abuse_sto5416371/story.shtml |archive-date=2 April 2016 |access-date=31 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=guardian-workers-pay>[https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/mar/31/migrant-workers-in-qatar-forced-to-pay-billions-in-recruitment-fees-world-cup Revealed: migrant workers in Qatar forced to pay billions in recruitment fees] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405200322/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/mar/31/migrant-workers-in-qatar-forced-to-pay-billions-in-recruitment-fees-world-cup |date=2022-04-05 }}, The Guardian, 2022-03-31.</ref> == Bidding == {|class="wikitable" |+2022 FIFA bidding !rowspan=2|Bidders !colspan=4|Votes |- !Round 1 !Round 2 !Round 3 !Round 4 |- |align="left"| '''{{QAT}}''' |align="center"|11 |align="center"|10 |align="center"|11 |align="center" style="background: #90ff90;"|'''14''' |- |align="left"|{{USA}} |align="center"|3 |align="center"|5 |align="center"|6 |align="center"|8 |- |align="left"|{{KOR}} |align="center"|4 |align="center"|5 |align="center"|5 |{{no result|—}} |- |align="left"|{{JPN}} |align="center"|3 |align="center"|2 |{{no result|—}} |{{no result|—}} |- |align="left"|{{AUS}} |align="center"|1 |{{no result|—}} |{{no result|—}} |{{no result|—}} |} == Qualification == {{main|2022 FIFA World Cup qualification}} FIFA's six continental confederations have their own qualifying tournaments. All 211 associations are able to enter qualification. [[Qatar national football team|Qatar]], qualified automatically because they are the hosts. Qatar still plays in the first two rounds of [[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]] qualification because it is also qualification for the [[2023 AFC Asian Cup]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Palmer |first1=Dan |title=Hosts Qatar to compete in qualifying for 2022 World Cup |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1053493/hosts-qatar-to-compete-in-qualifying-for-2022-world-cup |access-date=6 December 2021 |work=insidethegames.biz |publisher=Dunsar Media Company |date=31 July 2017 |url-status=live |archive-date=6 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606063449/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1053493/hosts-qatar-to-compete-in-qualifying-for-2022-world-cup }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.the-afc.com/competitions/fifa-world-cup/latest/news/groups-finalised-for-qatar-2022-china-2023-race|title=Groups finalised for Qatar 2022 & China 2023 race|work=The-AFC.com|publisher=AFC|date=17 July 2019|access-date=6 December 2021|url-status=live|archive-date=20 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820085920/https://www.the-afc.com/competitions/fifa-world-cup/latest/news/groups-finalised-for-qatar-2022-china-2023-race}}</ref> The previous [[List of FIFA World Cup finals|World Cup champions]] [[France national football team|France]] will participate in qualification as normal.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/world-cup/news/2022-world-cup-odds-france-favorite-to-repeat-in-qatar-usa-behind-mexico-with-16th-best-odds/ |title=2022 World Cup odds: France favorite to repeat in Qatar; USA behind Mexico with 16th-best odds |work=CBS Sports |access-date=6 December 2021 |url-status=live |archive-date=1 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401134213/https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/world-cup/news/2022-world-cup-odds-france-favorite-to-repeat-in-qatar-usa-behind-mexico-with-16th-best-odds/ }}</ref> [[Saint Lucia national football team|Saint Lucia]], [[North Korea national football team|North Korea]], [[American Samoa national football team|American Samoa]], [[Samoa national football team|Samoa]] all withdrew because of safety reasons related to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], with North Korea withdrawing after already playing matches. [[Tonga national football team|Tonga]] withdrew because of the [[2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai eruption and tsunami]]. [[Russia national football team|Russia]] was suspended by FIFA because of the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]]. [[Vanuatu national football team|Vanuatu]] and [[Cook Islands national football team|Cook Islands]] both withdrew because of [[COVID-19]] cases in their squads, with Cook Islands withdrawing after already playing matches. The amount of available World Cup slots for each confederation was discussed by the FIFA Executive Committee on 30 May 2015 in [[Zürich]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/qatar2022/news/y=2015/m=3/news=2022-fifa-world-cup-to-be-played-in-november-december-2568172.html |title=2022 FIFA World Cup to be played in November/December |publisher=FIFA |date=20 March 2015 |access-date=6 December 2021 |archive-date=12 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112185227/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/qatar2022/news/y=2015/m=3/news=2022-fifa-world-cup-to-be-played-in-november-december-2568172.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The committee decided that the slots would be the same as 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2015/m=5/news=current-allocation-of-fifa-world-cuptm-confederation-slots-maintained-2610611.html |title=Current allocation of FIFA World Cup confederation slots maintained |publisher=FIFA |date=30 May 2015 |access-date=6 December 2021 |archive-date=16 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116131907/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2015/m=5/news=current-allocation-of-fifa-world-cuptm-confederation-slots-maintained-2610611.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Confederation of African Football|CAF]] (Africa): 5 * [[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]] (Asia): 4 or 5{{efn|name=slots|Decided by the Inter-Confederation Play-offs.}} (not including Qatar, the hosts) * [[UEFA]] (Europe): 13 * [[CONCACAF]] (North and Central America and Caribbean): 3 or 4{{efn|name=slots}} * [[Oceania Football Confederation|OFC]] (Oceania): 0 or 1{{efn|name=slots}} * [[CONMEBOL]] (South America): 4 or 5{{efn|name=slots}} * Hosts: 1 ===Qualified teams=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! width=110| Team ! width=245| Qualified as |- | {{fb|QAT}} || Host nation |- | {{fb|GER}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group J|UEFA Group J]] winners |- | {{fb|DEN}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group F|UEFA Group F]] winners |- | {{fb|BRA}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|CONMEBOL]] winners |- |{{fb|FRA}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group D|UEFA Group D]] winners |- |{{fb|BEL}} || {{nowrap|[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group E|UEFA Group E]] winners}} |- | {{fb|CRO}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group H|UEFA Group H]] winners |- | {{fb|ESP}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group B|UEFA Group B]] winners |- | {{fb|SRB}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group A|UEFA Group A]] winners |- | {{fb|ENG}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group I|UEFA Group I]] winners |- | {{fb|SUI}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group C|UEFA Group C]] winners |- | {{fb|NED}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group G|UEFA Group G]] winners |- | {{fb|ARG}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|CONMEBOL]] runners-up |- | {{fb|IRN}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC Third Round#Group A|AFC Third Round Group A]] winners |- | {{fb|KOR}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC Third Round#Group A|AFC Third Round Group A]] runners-up |- | {{fb|JPN}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC Third Round#Group B|AFC Third Round Group B]] runners-up |- | {{fb|KSA}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC Third Round#Group B|AFC Third Round Group B]] winners |- | {{fb|ECU}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|CONMEBOL]] fourth place |- | {{fb|URU}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|CONMEBOL]] third place |- | {{fb|CAN}} || {{nowrap|[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF Third Round|CONCACAF Third Round]] winners}} |- | {{fb|GHA}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF Third Round|CAF Third Round]] winner |- | {{fb|SEN}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF Third Round|CAF Third Round]] winner |- | {{fb|POR}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Second Round|UEFA Second Round]] winner |- | {{fb|POL}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Second Round|UEFA Second Round]] winner |- | {{fb|TUN}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF Third Round|CAF Third Round]] winner |- | {{fb|MAR}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF Third Round|CAF Third Round]] winner |- | {{fb|CMR}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF Third Round|CAF Third Round]] winner |- | {{fb|USA}} || {{nowrap|[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF Third Round|CONCACAF Third Round]] third place}} |- | {{fb|MEX}} || {{nowrap|[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF Third Round|CONCACAF Third Round]] runners-up}} |- | {{fb|WAL}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Second Round|UEFA Second Round]] winners |- | {{fb|AUS}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (AFC–CONMEBOL play-off)|AFC v CONMEBOL play-off]] winners |- | {{fb|CRC}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF–OFC play-off)|CONCACAF v OFC play-off]] winners |} ==Officiating== On 19 May 2022, FIFA announced the list of 36 referees, and 69 assistant referees and 24 [[video assistant referees]] for the tournament. Of the 36 referees, FIFA included two each from Argentina, Brazil, England and France.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/36-referees-69-assistant-referees-and-24-video-match-officials-appointed-for-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022 |title=36 referees, 69 assistant referees and 24 video match officials appointed for FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 |publisher=FIFA |date=2022-05-19 |access-date=2022-05-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/1da4b811328add8f/original/MEDIA-Alphabetical-order-List-of-Match-Officials-FWC-2022-Qatar.pdf |title=FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 – List of appointed FIFA Match Officials |publisher=FIFA |date=2022-05-19 |access-date=2022-05-19}}</ref> For the first time women referees will referee games at a major men's tournament. [[Stéphanie Frappart]] from France, Rwandan [[Salima Mukansanga]] and [[Yoshimi Yamashita]] from Japan became the first female referees to be appointed to a men's World Cup. They will be joined by three female assistant referees, also a first. Frappart oversaw the [[2019 FIFA Women's World Cup Final]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/womens/womensworldcup/france2019/news/origin1904-p.cxm.fifa.comfrappart-final-role-a-huge-sense-of-pride|title=Frappart: Final role a huge source of pride|website=FIFA.com}}{{Dead link|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Venues == <!--************************************* PLEASE do not include non-free images in this section. See WP:NFTABLE **************************************--> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- ![[Lusail]] ![[Al Khor (city)|Al Khor]] !colspan=2|[[Doha]] |- |[[Lusail Iconic Stadium]] |[[Al Bayt Stadium]] |[[Stadium 974]] |[[Al Thumama Stadium]] |- |Capacity: '''80,000'''<br /> |Capacity: '''60,000'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 January 2018 |title=Al Bayt Stadium: A uniquely Qatari stadium, to rival the best in the world |url=https://www.sc.qa/en/stadiums/al-bayt-stadium |url-status=live |access-date=8 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910124517/https://www.sc.qa/en/stadiums/al-bayt-stadium |archive-date=10 September 2019}}</ref> |Capacity: '''40,000'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 January 2018 |title=Qatar Foundation Stadium: An amazing experience for fans & a bright future for football |url=https://www.sc.qa/en/stadiums/qatar-foundation-stadium |url-status=dead |access-date=8 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108175652/https://www.sc.qa/en/stadiums/qatar-foundation-stadium |archive-date=8 January 2018}}</ref> |Capacity: '''40,000'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 January 2018 |title=Al Thuymama Stadium: A tribute to our region |url=https://www.sc.qa/en/stadiums/al-thumama-stadium |url-status=live |access-date=8 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731183730/https://sc.qa/en/stadiums/al-thumama-stadium |archive-date=31 July 2019}}</ref> |- | | | | |- !rowspan="1" colspan="2"|Host cities in Qatar{{location map+|float=center|Qatar|width=385|caption=|places= {{Location map~|Qatar|lat=25.4269|long=51.5045|position=right|label=[[Lusail]]}} {{Location map~|Qatar|lat=25.2870|long=51.5310|mark=Blue pog.svg|marksize=11|position=right|label=Doha}} {{Location map~|Qatar|lat=25.6819|long=51.4969|position=right|label=[[Al-Khor]]}} {{Location map~|Qatar|lat=25.1680|long=51.5976|position=right|label=[[Al-Wakrah]]}} {{Location map~|Qatar|lat=25.2483|long=51.4105|position=left|label=[[Al-Rayyan]]}} }} !rowspan="1" colspan="2"|Stadiums in [[Doha|Doha area]]{{location map+|float=center|Qatar Doha|width=300|caption=|places= {{Location map~|Qatar Doha|lat=25.3140|long=51.4416|position=right|label=[[Education City|Education]]}} {{Location map~|Qatar Doha|lat=25.2846|long=51.5755|position=bottom|label=[[Ras Abu Aboud|974]]}} {{Location map~|Qatar Doha|lat=25.2635|long=51.4481|position=right|label=[[Aspire Zone|Khalifa]]}} {{Location map~|Qatar Doha|lat=25.2316|long=51.5413|position=right|label=[[Al Thumama (Doha)|Thumama]]}} }} |- !colspan=3|[[Al Rayyan (city)|Al Rayyan]] ![[Al Wakrah]] |- |[[Education City Stadium]] |[[Ahmad bin Ali Stadium]]{{efn|Ahmad bin Ali Stadium is in Al Rayyan but outside the area of the Doha area map.}} |[[Khalifa International Stadium]] |[[Al Janoub Stadium]] |- |Capacity: '''45,350'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 January 2018 |title=Ras Abu Aboud Stadium: A legacy for the community |url=https://www.sc.qa/en/stadiums/ras-abu-aboud-stadium |url-status=live |access-date=8 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731184156/https://sc.qa/en/stadiums/ras-abu-aboud-stadium |archive-date=31 July 2019}}</ref> |Capacity: '''44,740'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 January 2018 |title=Al Rayyan Stadium: The gateway to the desert opens its doors to the world |url=https://www.sc.qa/en/stadiums/al-rayyan-stadium |url-status=live |access-date=8 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731183730/https://sc.qa/en/stadiums/al-rayyan-stadium |archive-date=31 July 2019}}</ref><br /><small></small> |Capacity: '''40,000'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 January 2018 |title=Khalifa International Stadium: Qatar's most historic stadium & a crucial player for 2022 |url=https://www.sc.qa/en/stadiums/khalifa-international-stadium |url-status=live |access-date=8 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217204939/https://www.sc.qa/en/stadiums/khalifa-international-stadium |archive-date=17 December 2019}}</ref><br /><small>''(upgraded)''</small> |Capacity: '''40,000'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 May 2019 |title=Tradition and innovation come together as striking Al Janoub Stadium in Al Wakrah City is opened |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/tradition-and-innovation-come-together-as-striking-al-janoub-stadium-in-al-wakra |url-status=live |access-date=23 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711091026/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/tradition-and-innovation-come-together-as-striking-al-janoub-stadium-in-al-wakra |archive-date=11 July 2019}}</ref> |- | | |[[File:Khalifa_Stadium,_Doha,_Brazil_vs_Argentina_(2010).jpg|200x200px]] | |} ==Final draw== The final draw was in the Doha Exhibition and Convention Center in [[Doha]], Qatar,<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 October 2021 |title=FIFA Council endorses global summit to discuss the future of football |work=[[FIFA]] |url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/organisation/fifa-council/media-releases/fifa-council-endorses-global-summit-to-discuss-the-future-of-football |access-date=20 October 2021 |archive-date=11 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311143732/https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/organisation/fifa-council/media-releases/fifa-council-endorses-global-summit-to-discuss-the-future-of-football |url-status=live }}</ref> on 1 April 2022,<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 January 2022 |title=2022 European football calendar: Match and draw dates for all UEFA competitions |work=[[UEFA]] |url=https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/about-uefa/news/0271-1418c37e08e1-9c223aeae6cb-1000/ |access-date=5 January 2022 |archive-date=11 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311083608/https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/about-uefa/news/0271-1418c37e08e1-9c223aeae6cb-1000/ |url-status=live }}</ref> 19:00 [[Arabia Standard Time|AST]], before the [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification|qualifiers]] finished. The two winners of the [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (inter-confederation play-offs)|inter-confederation play-offs]] and the winner of the [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Second Round#Path A|Path A of the UEFA play-offs]] were not known at the time of the draw.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/procedures-for-the-final-draw-for-the-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022-tm-released |title=Procedures for the Final Draw for the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 released |publisher=FIFA |date=22 March 2022 |access-date=22 March 2022 |archive-date=31 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331071003/https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/procedures-for-the-final-draw-for-the-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022-tm-released |url-status=live }}</ref> For the draw, the 32 teams were put into four pots based on their [[FIFA World Rankings]] of 31 March 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifa-world-ranking/men?dateId=id13603 |title=Men's Ranking: 31 Mar 2022 |publisher=FIFA |date=31 March 2022 |access-date=31 March 2022 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530070631/https://www.fifa.com/fifa-world-ranking/men?dateId=id13603 |url-status=live }}</ref> The teams in Pot 1 were the hosts, Qatar (who were automatically seeded as A1) and the best seven teams. The teams in Pot 2 were the next best eight teams, with the next best eight teams into Pot 3. The teams in Pot 4 were the five lowest-ranked teams, the two inter-confederation play-off winners and the UEFA Path A play-off winner. Teams from the same confederation could not be in the same group except UEFA, which allowed maximum two teams in the same group. The Pot 1 teams were automatically seeded as 1.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/2ef762dcf5f577c6/original/Portrait-Master-Template.pdf |title=Draw procedures: FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 |publisher=FIFA |date=22 March 2022 |access-date=22 March 2022 |archive-date=12 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412081133/https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/2ef762dcf5f577c6/original/Portrait-Master-Template.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The pots for the draw are shown below.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/news/qatar-2022-final-draw-all-you-need-to-know |title=Qatar 2022 Final Draw: All you need to know |publisher=FIFA |date=31 March 2022 |access-date=31 March 2022 |archive-date=2 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402202529/https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/news/qatar-2022-final-draw-all-you-need-to-know |url-status=live }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- !width=25%| Pot 1 !width=25%| Pot 2 !width=25%| Pot 3 !width=25%| Pot 4 |- | {{fb|QAT}} (51) ''(hosts)''<br /> {{fb|BRA}} (1)<br /> {{fb|BEL}} (2)<br /> {{fb|FRA}} (3)<br /> {{fb|ARG}} (4)<br /> {{fb|ENG}} (5)<br /> {{fb|ESP}} (7)<br /> {{fb|POR}} (8) | {{fb|MEX}} (9)<br /> {{fb|NED}} (10)<br /> {{fb|DEN}} (11)<br /> {{fb|GER}} (12)<br /> {{fb|URU}} (13)<br /> {{fb|SUI}} (14)<br /> {{fb|USA}} (15)<br /> {{fb|CRO}} (16) | {{fb|SEN}} (20)<br /> {{fb|IRN}} (21)<br /> {{fb|JPN}} (23)<br /> {{fb|MAR}} (24)<br /> {{fb|SRB}} (25)<br /> {{fb|POL}} (26)<br /> {{fb|KOR}} (29)<br /> {{fb|TUN}} (35) | {{fb|CMR}} (37)<br /> {{fb|CAN}} (38)<br /> {{fb|ECU}} (46)<br /> {{fb|KSA}} (49)<br /> {{fb|GHA}} (60)<br /> {{fb|WAL}} (18){{hsp}}{{efn|name=RPS3|[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Second Round#Path A|UEFA Path A]] winners, team not determined at time of draw}}<br /> {{fb|CRC}} (31){{hsp}}{{efn|name=RPS2|[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF–OFC play-off)|CONCACAF v OFC]] winners, team not determined at time of draw}}<br /> {{fb|AUS}} (42){{hsp}}{{efn|name=RPS1|[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (AFC–CONMEBOL play-off)|AFC v CONMEBOL]] winners, team not determined at time of draw}} |} ==Group stage== {{Hatnote|All times are local, [[Arabia Standard Time|AST]] ([[UTC+03:00|UTC+3]]).}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! {{Anchor|Tiebreakers}} Tie-breaking criteria for group play |- |The ranking of teams in the group stage is determined as follows:<ref name="regulations">{{cite web |url=https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/2744a0a5e3ded185/original/FIFA-World-Cup-Qatar-2022-Regulations_EN.pdf |title=Regulations – FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 |publisher=FIFA |date=15 December 2021 |access-date=30 March 2022 |archive-date=4 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404112124/https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/2744a0a5e3ded185/original/FIFA-World-Cup-Qatar-2022-Regulations_EN.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> # Points; # Goal difference; # Number of goals scored; # Points in the matches played between the tied teams; # Goal difference in the matches played between the tied teams; # Number of goals scored in the matches played between the tied teams; # Fair play points: {{unordered list | Yellow card: −1 point; | Indirect red card (second yellow card): −3 points; | Direct red card: −4 points; | Yellow card and direct red card: −5 points; }} # Drawing of lots. |} ===Group A=== {{main|2022 FIFA World Cup Group A}} {{2022 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group A|only_pld_pts=no_hide_class_rules}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group A|A1}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group A|A2}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group A|A3}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group A|A4}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group A|A5}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group A|A6}} ===Group B=== {{main|2022 FIFA World Cup Group B}} {{2022 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group B|only_pld_pts=no_hide_class_rules}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group B|B1}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group B|B2}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group B|B3}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group B|B4}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group B|B5}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group B|B6}} ===Group C=== {{main|2022 FIFA World Cup Group C}} {{2022 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group C|only_pld_pts=no_hide_class_rules}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group C|C1}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group C|C2}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group C|C3}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group C|C4}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group C|C5}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group C|C6}} ===Group D=== {{main|2022 FIFA World Cup Group D}} {{2022 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group D|only_pld_pts=no_hide_class_rules}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group D|D1}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group D|D2}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group D|D3}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group D|D4}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group D|D5}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group D|D6}} ===Group E=== {{main|2022 FIFA World Cup Group E}} {{2022 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group E|only_pld_pts=no_hide_class_rules}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group E|E1}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group E|E2}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group E|E3}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group E|E4}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group E|E5}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group E|E6}} ===Group F=== {{main|2022 FIFA World Cup Group F}} {{2022 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group F|only_pld_pts=no_hide_class_rules}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group F|F1}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group F|F2}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group F|F3}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group F|F4}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group F|F5}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group F|F6}} ===Group G=== {{main|2022 FIFA World Cup Group G}} {{2022 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group G|only_pld_pts=no_hide_class_rules}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group G|G1}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group G|G2}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group G|G3}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group G|G4}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group G|G5}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group G|G6}} ===Group H=== {{main|2022 FIFA World Cup Group H}} {{2022 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group H|only_pld_pts=no_hide_class_rules}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group H|H1}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group H|H2}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group H|H3}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group H|H4}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group H|H5}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group H|H6}} ==Knockout stage== {{Main|2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage}} In the knockout stage, if a match is tied at the end of 90 minutes of normal playing time, [[Overtime (sports)#Association football|extra time]] will be played (two halves that are 15 minutes each). If it is still tied after extra time, the match will be decided by a [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|penalty shoot-out]].<ref name="regulations"/> ===Bracket=== {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|Bracket}} ===Round of 16=== {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|R16-1}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|R16-2}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|R16-3}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|R16-4}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|R16-5}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|R16-6}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|R16-7}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|R16-8}} ===Quarter-finals=== {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|QF1}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|QF2}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|QF3}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|QF4}} ===Semi-finals=== {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|SF1}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|SF2}} ===Third place play-off=== {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|TPP}} ===Final=== {{Main|2022 FIFA World Cup Final}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Final|Final}} ==Marketing== ===Branding=== The official emblem was shown on 3 September 2019 at the [[Doha Tower]], [[Katara (cultural village)|Katara Cultural Village Amphitheatre]], [[Msheireb Downtown Doha]], and [[Zubarah]]. It is designed to show the [[FIFA World Cup Trophy|tournament trophy]], the [[infinity symbol]], and the number "8", which represents the eight host stadiums. It also represents [[shawl]]s to highlight the tournament's winter scheduling, and has waves showing the desert [[dune]]s. The make-up of the emblem's [[wordmark]] describes [[kashida]]—extending certain parts of characters in [[Arabic script]] to give emphasis.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Qatar 2022 emblem revealed |url=https://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/04/09/2019/Qatar-2022-emblem-revealed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904191647/https://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/04/09/2019/Qatar-2022-emblem-revealed |archive-date=4 September 2019 |access-date=4 September 2019 |website=The Peninsula|date=4 September 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Qatar 2022: Football World Cup logo unveiled |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/09/qatar-2022-football-world-cup-logo-unveiled-190903193444377.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903213331/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/09/qatar-2022-football-world-cup-logo-unveiled-190903193444377.html |archive-date=3 September 2019 |access-date=4 September 2019 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Qatar 2022 World Cup logo unveiled, reflects move to winter tournament |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/sports/2019/09/04/qatar-2022-world-cup-logo-unveiled-reflects-move-to-winter-tournament.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904201822/https://www.theweek.in/news/sports/2019/09/04/qatar-2022-world-cup-logo-unveiled-reflects-move-to-winter-tournament.html |archive-date=4 September 2019 |access-date=4 September 2019 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref> ===Mascot=== The tournament's [[FIFA World Cup mascot|official mascot]] was shown on 1 April 2022, during the group stage draw. Its name is La’eeb, which means "super-skilled player" in Arabic. The official website of FIFA says: "La’eeb will be known for his youthful spirit; spreading joy and confidence everywhere he goes", and the official backstory of the character, published there, says that it comes from a different world where tournament mascots live, "a world where ideas and creativity form the basis of characters that live in the minds of everyone".<ref>{{Cite web |title=La'eeb is revealed as Qatar's FIFA World Cup mascot |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/laeeb-is-revealed-as-qatars-fifa-world-cup-tm-mascot |date=1 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |archive-date=27 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427231019/https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/laeeb-is-revealed-as-qatars-fifa-world-cup-tm-mascot |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Match ball=== The official match ball, the "Al Rihla", was shown on 30 March 2022. It was inspired by the culture, architecture, iconic boats and flag of Qatar. In Arabic, the word ''Al Rihla'' means “the journey”. The ball was designed with stability as the main focus. It is the first ever official match ball created with water-based glues and inks. As "the game is getting faster" and "speeds up", [[Adidas]] used some new traits, like more speed and improved accuracy of the ball.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Al Rihla by adidas revealed as FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 Official Match Ball |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/al-rihla-by-adidas-revealed-as-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022-tm-official-match |date=30 March 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |archive-date=1 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401021948/https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/al-rihla-by-adidas-revealed-as-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022-tm-official-match |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Official song=== The official song of the tournament is "[[Hayya Hayya (Better Together)]]", by [[Trinidad Cardona]], [[Davido]] and [[AISHA]], released on 1 April 2022 with the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyDjFVZgJoo music video].<ref>{{Cite web |title=FIFA World Cup Official Soundtrack kicks off with Hayya Hayya (Better Together) |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/trinidad-cardona-joins-davido-and-aisha-for-hayya-hayya-better-together-the |date=1 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |archive-date=1 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401093804/https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/trinidad-cardona-joins-davido-and-aisha-for-hayya-hayya-better-together-the |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Sponsorship== {| class="wikitable"] |- !FIFA partners !!FIFA World Cup sponsors |- |style="vertical-align:top;"| {{col-start}} {{col-2}} * [[Adidas]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2013 |title=FIFA and adidas extend partnership until 2030 |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/fifa-and-adidas-extend-partnership-until-2030-2227271 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628145045/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2013/m=11/news=fifa-and-adidas-extend-partnership-until-2030-2227271.html |archive-date=28 June 2017 |access-date=10 May 2017 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> * [[The Coca-Cola Company|Coca-Cola]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Matthews |first=Sam |date=22 November 2005 |title=Coca-Cola renews Fifa football sponsorship until 2022 |url=http://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/coca-cola-renews-fifa-football-sponsorship-until-2022/529147 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827171212/http://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/coca-cola-renews-fifa-football-sponsorship-until-2022/529147?src_site=brandrepublic |archive-date=27 August 2017 |access-date=10 May 2017 |publisher=Campaign}}</ref> * [[Hyundai Motor Company|Hyundai]]–[[Kia Motors|Kia]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2010 |title=Hyundai-Kia drives on as FIFA Partner until 2022 |url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2010/m=11/news=hyundai-kia-drives-fifa-partner-until-2022-1339629.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618201025/http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2010/m=11/news=hyundai-kia-drives-fifa-partner-until-2022-1339629.html |archive-date=18 June 2017 |access-date=10 May 2017 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> * {{nowrap|[[Qatar Airways]]}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 May 2017 |title=Qatar Airways announced as Official Partner and Official Airline of FIFA until 2022 |url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2017/m=5/news=qatar-airways-official-partner-airline-fifa-2882728.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511144714/http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2017/m=5/news=qatar-airways-official-partner-airline-fifa-2882728.html |archive-date=11 May 2017 |access-date=10 May 2017 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> * {{nowrap|[[QatarEnergy]]}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2022 |title=QatarEnergy announced as official FIFA Partner for the FIFA World Cup 2022 |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/qatarenergy-announced-as-official-fifa-partner-for-the-fifa-world-cup-2022 |publisher=FIFA |access-date=5 April 2022 |archive-date=24 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424230335/https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/qatarenergy-announced-as-official-fifa-partner-for-the-fifa-world-cup-2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Visa Inc.|Visa]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mickle |first=Tripp |date=1 April 2013 |title=Visa extending World Cup deal for eight years |url=http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Journal/Issues/2013/04/01/Marketing-and-Sponsorship/Visa-FIFA.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827173751/http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Journal/Issues/2013/04/01/Marketing-and-Sponsorship/Visa-FIFA.aspx |archive-date=27 August 2017 |access-date=10 May 2017 |website=Sports Business Daily}}</ref> * {{nowrap|[[Wanda Group]]}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilson |first=Bill |date=18 March 2016 |title=Fifa signs China's Wanda as partner |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-35844777 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611214404/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-35844777 |archive-date=11 June 2019 |access-date=6 December 2018 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> {{col-2}} {{col-end}} |style="vertical-align:top;"| {{col-start}} * {{nowrap|[[AB InBev|Anheuser-Busch InBev]]}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 October 2011 |title=FIFA and Anheuser-Busch InBev announce FIFA World Cup sponsorship for 2018 / 2022 |url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2011/m=10/news=fifa-and-anheuser-busch-inbev-announce-fifa-world-cuptm-sponsorship-for--1531958.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827170218/http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2011/m=10/news=fifa-and-anheuser-busch-inbev-announce-fifa-world-cuptm-sponsorship-for--1531958.html |archive-date=27 August 2017 |access-date=10 May 2017 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> *[[Byju's]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Byju's named official sponsor of Fifa World Cup Qatar 20222|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/byjus-named-official-sponsor-of-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022/articleshow/90425001.cms|access-date=2022-04-05|archive-date=2022-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329024114/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/byjus-named-official-sponsor-of-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022/articleshow/90425001.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/kt-network/byjus-announced-as-an-official-sponsor-of-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022tm|publisher=Khaleej Times|title=Byju's announced as an official spnsor of Fifa World Cup Qatar 2022|access-date=2022-04-05|archive-date=2022-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503202510/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/kt-network/byjus-announced-as-an-official-sponsor-of-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022tm|url-status=live}}</ref> *[[Crypto.com]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Morgan |first=Liam |date=22 March 2022 |title=Crypto.com unveiled as FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 Official Sponsor |work=FIFA |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/crypto-com-unveiled-as-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022-tm-official-sponsor |access-date=5 April 2022 |archive-date=12 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412165757/https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/crypto-com-unveiled-as-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022-tm-official-sponsor |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Hisense]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Morgan |first=Liam |date=28 April 2021 |title=Hisense extends FIFA deal after signing on as 2022 World Cup sponsor |work=insidethegames.biz |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1107177/hisense-to-sponsor-2022-world-cup-qatar |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428102256/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1107177/hisense-to-sponsor-2022-world-cup-qatar |archive-date=28 April 2021 |access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref> *[[McDonald's]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Long |first=Michael |date=28 October 2014 |title=Report: McDonald's extends Fifa deal to Qatar 2022 |work=Sportspro Media |url=https://www.sportspromedia.com/news/report_mcdonalds_extends_fifa_deal_to_qatar_2022/ |url-status=live |access-date=29 March 2022 |archive-date=26 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526145849/http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/report_mcdonalds_extends_fifa_deal_to_qatar_2022 }}</ref> *[[Mengniu Dairy]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 October 2021 |title=Mengniu becomes Official Sponsor of FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 |work=FIFA |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/mengniu-becomes-official-sponsor-of-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022-tm |access-date=5 April 2022 |archive-date=30 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330025607/https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/mengniu-becomes-official-sponsor-of-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022-tm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[TikTok]] * [[Vivo (technology company)|Vivo]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carp |first=Sam |date=31 May 2017 |title=Fifa agrees massive World Cup deal with Vivo |url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/fifa-agrees-massive-world-cup-deal-with-vivo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602135310/http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/fifa-agrees-massive-world-cup-deal-with-vivo |archive-date=2 June 2017 |access-date=31 May 2017 |publisher=SportsPro}}</ref> {{col-end}} |} ==Broadcasters== {{main|2022 FIFA World Cup broadcasters}} ==Notes== {{notelist}} == References == <references /> ==Other websites== {{Commons category}} {{Wikiquote}} {{Wikivoyage|World Cup 2022|2022 FIFA World Cup}} * [https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/ FIFA.com 2022 World Cup website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221185040/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/ |date=2018-12-21 }} {{2022 FIFA World Cup}} {{FIFA World Cup}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fifa World Cup 2022}} [[Category:2022 FIFA World Cup| ]] [[Category:FIFA World Cup tournaments|2022]] [[Category:2022 in Asian sport]] [[Category:2020s in Qatar]] [[Category:November 2022 events]] [[Category:December 2022 events]] r3ipggtlofuij0hmei9kspbz8bvgf82 10368799 10368785 2025-07-03T02:53:57Z 124.189.224.146 /* Bidding */ NEW FIFA RANKINGS 10368799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{EngvarB|date=January 2022}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}} {{Infobox international football competition | tourney_name = FIFA World Cup | year = 2022 | other_titles = {{lang-ar|كَأسُ اَلعَالَمِ 2022|link=no}}<br />{{Lang-afb|كَاسُ اَلعَالَمِ ٢٠٢٢|script=arab}}<br />The Qatar 2022<br />{{lang|ar| قطر ٢٠٢٢{{lrm}}}} | image =2022 FIFA World Cup Qatar (Wordmark).svg | size = | caption = 2022 FIFA World Cup Logo | country = [[Qatar]] | dates = {{Nowrap|20 November – 18 December}} | confederations = 5 | num_teams = 32 | venues = 8 | cities = 5 | champion = ARG | count = 3 | second = FRA | third = CRO | fourth = MAR | matches = 64 | goals = 176 | attendance = {{#expr: <!--Group A--> 67372 + 41721 + 41797 + 44833 + 44569 + 66784 <!--Group B-->+ 45334 + 43418 + 40875 + 68463 + 44297 + 42127 <!--Group C-->+ 88012 + 39369 + 44259 + 88966 + 44089 + 84985 <!--Group D-->+ 42925 + 40875 + 41823 + 42860 + 41232 + 43627 <!--Group E-->+ 42608 + 40013 + 41479 + 68895 + 44851 + 67054 <!--Group F-->+ 59407 + 40432 + 43738 + 44374 + 43984 + 43102 <!--Group G-->+ 39089 + 88103 + 39789 + 43649 + 41378 + 85986 <!--Group H-->+ 41663 + 42662 + 43983 + 88668 + 43443 + 44097 <!--Round of 16-->+ 44846 + 45032 + 40989 + 65985 + 42523 + 43847 + 44667 + 83720 <!--Quarter-finals-->+ 43893 + 88235 + 44198 + 68895 <!--Semi-finals-->+ 88966 + 68294 <!--Third place-->+ 44137 <!--Final-->+ 88966}} | top_scorer = {{fbicon|FRA}} [[Kylian Mbappé]] {{nowrap|(8 goals)}} | player = {{fbicon|ARG}} [[Lionel Messi]] | goalkeeper = {{fbicon|ARG}} [[Emiliano Martínez]] | young_player = {{fbicon|ARG}} [[Enzo Fernández]] | fair_play = {{fb|ENG}} | prevseason = [[2018 FIFA World Cup|2018]] | nextseason = ''[[2026 FIFA World Cup|2026]]'' }} The '''2022 FIFA World Cup''' was the 22nd [[FIFA World Cup]]. It was hosted in [[Qatar]] from 20 November 2022 to 18 December 2022. It was the first World Cup hosted in the [[Arab world]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.gulf-times.com/story/599599/Amir-2022-World-Cup-Qatar-a-tournament-for-all-Ara |title=Amir: 2022 World Cup Qatar a tournament for all Arabs |date=15 July 2018 |work=Gulf Times |access-date=6 December 2021 |url-status=live |archive-date=7 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907183342/https://www.gulf-times.com/story/599599/Amir-2022-World-Cup-Qatar-a-tournament-for-all-Ara }}</ref> and the second to be hosted fully in Asia.{{efn|The 2018 tournament in Russia was not fully in Asia, it had only two host cities in Asia (the rest were in Europe).}} This was the last World Cup played with a 32 team format. The tournament was played during the months of November and December to stay away from the hot weather during the summer months in Qatar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 March 2015 |title=FIFA Executive Committee confirms November/December event period for Qatar 2022 |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/qatar2022/news/y=2015/m=3/news=fifa-executive-committee-confirms-november-december-event-period-for-q-2567789.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910210625/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/qatar2022/news/y=2015/m=3/news=fifa-executive-committee-confirms-november-december-event-period-for-q-2567789.html |archive-date=10 September 2018 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> The reigning champions were [[France national football team|France]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/jul/15/france-croatia-world-cup-final-match-report |title=France seal second World Cup triumph with 4–2 win over brave Croatia |last=Taylor |first=Daniel |date=15 July 2018 |website=The Guardian |access-date=6 December 2021 |url-status=live |archive-date=26 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626195043/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/jul/15/france-croatia-world-cup-final-match-report }}</ref> There have been suspicions on whether Qatar earned hosting rights fairly. An investigation that was done by FIFA reported that Qatar earned hosting rights fairly. This investigation was criticized by [[Michael J. Garcia]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/30037729 |title=Fifa report 'erroneous', says lawyer who investigated corruption claims |publisher=BBC Sport |date=13 November 2014 |access-date=6 December 2021 |url-status=live |archive-date=22 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222160348/http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/30037729 }}</ref> Qatar was also criticized because of the treatment of the foreign workers preparing the World Cup stadiums.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2016 |title=Amnesty says workers at Qatar World Cup stadium suffer abuse |url=http://www.eurosport.com/football/amnesty-says-workers-at-qatar-world-cup-stadium-suffer-abuse_sto5416371/story.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402053622/http://www.eurosport.com/football/amnesty-says-workers-at-qatar-world-cup-stadium-suffer-abuse_sto5416371/story.shtml |archive-date=2 April 2016 |access-date=31 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=guardian-workers-pay>[https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/mar/31/migrant-workers-in-qatar-forced-to-pay-billions-in-recruitment-fees-world-cup Revealed: migrant workers in Qatar forced to pay billions in recruitment fees] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405200322/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/mar/31/migrant-workers-in-qatar-forced-to-pay-billions-in-recruitment-fees-world-cup |date=2022-04-05 }}, The Guardian, 2022-03-31.</ref> == Bidding == {|class="wikitable" |+2022 FIFA bidding !rowspan=2|Bidders !colspan=4|Votes |- !Round 1 !Round 2 !Round 3 !Round 4 |- |align="left"| '''{{QAT}}''' |align="center"|11 |align="center"|10 |align="center"|11 |align="center" style="background: #90ff90;"|'''14''' |- |align="left"|{{USA}} |align="center"|3 |align="center"|5 |align="center"|6 |align="center"|8 |- |align="left"|{{KOR}} |align="center"|4 |align="center"|5 |align="center"|5 |{{no result|—}} |- |align="left"|{{JPN}} |align="center"|3 |align="center"|2 |{{no result|—}} |{{no result|—}} |- |align="left"|{{AUS}} |align="center"|1 |{{no result|—}} |{{no result|—}} |{{no result|—}} |} == Qualification == {{main|2022 FIFA World Cup qualification}} FIFA's six continental confederations have their own qualifying tournaments. All 211 associations are able to enter qualification. [[Qatar national football team|Qatar]], qualified automatically because they are the hosts. Qatar still plays in the first two rounds of [[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]] qualification because it is also qualification for the [[2023 AFC Asian Cup]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Palmer |first1=Dan |title=Hosts Qatar to compete in qualifying for 2022 World Cup |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1053493/hosts-qatar-to-compete-in-qualifying-for-2022-world-cup |access-date=6 December 2021 |work=insidethegames.biz |publisher=Dunsar Media Company |date=31 July 2017 |url-status=live |archive-date=6 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606063449/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1053493/hosts-qatar-to-compete-in-qualifying-for-2022-world-cup }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.the-afc.com/competitions/fifa-world-cup/latest/news/groups-finalised-for-qatar-2022-china-2023-race|title=Groups finalised for Qatar 2022 & China 2023 race|work=The-AFC.com|publisher=AFC|date=17 July 2019|access-date=6 December 2021|url-status=live|archive-date=20 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820085920/https://www.the-afc.com/competitions/fifa-world-cup/latest/news/groups-finalised-for-qatar-2022-china-2023-race}}</ref> The previous [[List of FIFA World Cup finals|World Cup champions]] [[France national football team|France]] will participate in qualification as normal.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/world-cup/news/2022-world-cup-odds-france-favorite-to-repeat-in-qatar-usa-behind-mexico-with-16th-best-odds/ |title=2022 World Cup odds: France favorite to repeat in Qatar; USA behind Mexico with 16th-best odds |work=CBS Sports |access-date=6 December 2021 |url-status=live |archive-date=1 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401134213/https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/world-cup/news/2022-world-cup-odds-france-favorite-to-repeat-in-qatar-usa-behind-mexico-with-16th-best-odds/ }}</ref> [[Saint Lucia national football team|Saint Lucia]], [[North Korea national football team|North Korea]], [[American Samoa national football team|American Samoa]], [[Samoa national football team|Samoa]] all withdrew because of safety reasons related to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], with North Korea withdrawing after already playing matches. [[Tonga national football team|Tonga]] withdrew because of the [[2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai eruption and tsunami]]. [[Russia national football team|Russia]] was suspended by FIFA because of the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]]. [[Vanuatu national football team|Vanuatu]] and [[Cook Islands national football team|Cook Islands]] both withdrew because of [[COVID-19]] cases in their squads, with Cook Islands withdrawing after already playing matches. The amount of available World Cup slots for each confederation was discussed by the FIFA Executive Committee on 30 May 2015 in [[Zürich]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/qatar2022/news/y=2015/m=3/news=2022-fifa-world-cup-to-be-played-in-november-december-2568172.html |title=2022 FIFA World Cup to be played in November/December |publisher=FIFA |date=20 March 2015 |access-date=6 December 2021 |archive-date=12 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112185227/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/qatar2022/news/y=2015/m=3/news=2022-fifa-world-cup-to-be-played-in-november-december-2568172.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The committee decided that the slots would be the same as 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2015/m=5/news=current-allocation-of-fifa-world-cuptm-confederation-slots-maintained-2610611.html |title=Current allocation of FIFA World Cup confederation slots maintained |publisher=FIFA |date=30 May 2015 |access-date=6 December 2021 |archive-date=16 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116131907/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2015/m=5/news=current-allocation-of-fifa-world-cuptm-confederation-slots-maintained-2610611.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Confederation of African Football|CAF]] (Africa): 5 * [[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]] (Asia): 4 or 5{{efn|name=slots|Decided by the Inter-Confederation Play-offs.}} (not including Qatar, the hosts) * [[UEFA]] (Europe): 13 * [[CONCACAF]] (North and Central America and Caribbean): 3 or 4{{efn|name=slots}} * [[Oceania Football Confederation|OFC]] (Oceania): 0 or 1{{efn|name=slots}} * [[CONMEBOL]] (South America): 4 or 5{{efn|name=slots}} * Hosts: 1 ===Qualified teams=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! width=110| Team ! width=245| Qualified as |- | {{fb|QAT}} || Host nation |- | {{fb|GER}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group J|UEFA Group J]] winners |- | {{fb|DEN}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group F|UEFA Group F]] winners |- | {{fb|BRA}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|CONMEBOL]] winners |- |{{fb|FRA}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group D|UEFA Group D]] winners |- |{{fb|BEL}} || {{nowrap|[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group E|UEFA Group E]] winners}} |- | {{fb|CRO}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group H|UEFA Group H]] winners |- | {{fb|ESP}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group B|UEFA Group B]] winners |- | {{fb|SRB}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group A|UEFA Group A]] winners |- | {{fb|ENG}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group I|UEFA Group I]] winners |- | {{fb|SUI}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group C|UEFA Group C]] winners |- | {{fb|NED}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group G|UEFA Group G]] winners |- | {{fb|ARG}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|CONMEBOL]] runners-up |- | {{fb|IRN}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC Third Round#Group A|AFC Third Round Group A]] winners |- | {{fb|KOR}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC Third Round#Group A|AFC Third Round Group A]] runners-up |- | {{fb|JPN}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC Third Round#Group B|AFC Third Round Group B]] runners-up |- | {{fb|KSA}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC Third Round#Group B|AFC Third Round Group B]] winners |- | {{fb|ECU}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|CONMEBOL]] fourth place |- | {{fb|URU}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|CONMEBOL]] third place |- | {{fb|CAN}} || {{nowrap|[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF Third Round|CONCACAF Third Round]] winners}} |- | {{fb|GHA}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF Third Round|CAF Third Round]] winner |- | {{fb|SEN}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF Third Round|CAF Third Round]] winner |- | {{fb|POR}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Second Round|UEFA Second Round]] winner |- | {{fb|POL}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Second Round|UEFA Second Round]] winner |- | {{fb|TUN}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF Third Round|CAF Third Round]] winner |- | {{fb|MAR}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF Third Round|CAF Third Round]] winner |- | {{fb|CMR}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF Third Round|CAF Third Round]] winner |- | {{fb|USA}} || {{nowrap|[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF Third Round|CONCACAF Third Round]] third place}} |- | {{fb|MEX}} || {{nowrap|[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF Third Round|CONCACAF Third Round]] runners-up}} |- | {{fb|WAL}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Second Round|UEFA Second Round]] winners |- | {{fb|AUS}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (AFC–CONMEBOL play-off)|AFC v CONMEBOL play-off]] winners |- | {{fb|CRC}} || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF–OFC play-off)|CONCACAF v OFC play-off]] winners |} ==Officiating== On 19 May 2022, FIFA announced the list of 36 referees, and 69 assistant referees and 24 [[video assistant referees]] for the tournament. Of the 36 referees, FIFA included two each from Argentina, Brazil, England and France.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/36-referees-69-assistant-referees-and-24-video-match-officials-appointed-for-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022 |title=36 referees, 69 assistant referees and 24 video match officials appointed for FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 |publisher=FIFA |date=2022-05-19 |access-date=2022-05-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/1da4b811328add8f/original/MEDIA-Alphabetical-order-List-of-Match-Officials-FWC-2022-Qatar.pdf |title=FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 – List of appointed FIFA Match Officials |publisher=FIFA |date=2022-05-19 |access-date=2022-05-19}}</ref> For the first time women referees will referee games at a major men's tournament. [[Stéphanie Frappart]] from France, Rwandan [[Salima Mukansanga]] and [[Yoshimi Yamashita]] from Japan became the first female referees to be appointed to a men's World Cup. They will be joined by three female assistant referees, also a first. Frappart oversaw the [[2019 FIFA Women's World Cup Final]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/womens/womensworldcup/france2019/news/origin1904-p.cxm.fifa.comfrappart-final-role-a-huge-sense-of-pride|title=Frappart: Final role a huge source of pride|website=FIFA.com}}{{Dead link|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Venues == <!--************************************* PLEASE do not include non-free images in this section. See WP:NFTABLE **************************************--> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- ![[Lusail]] ![[Al Khor (city)|Al Khor]] !colspan=2|[[Doha]] |- |[[Lusail Iconic Stadium]] |[[Al Bayt Stadium]] |[[Stadium 974]] |[[Al Thumama Stadium]] |- |Capacity: '''80,000'''<br /> |Capacity: '''60,000'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 January 2018 |title=Al Bayt Stadium: A uniquely Qatari stadium, to rival the best in the world |url=https://www.sc.qa/en/stadiums/al-bayt-stadium |url-status=live |access-date=8 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910124517/https://www.sc.qa/en/stadiums/al-bayt-stadium |archive-date=10 September 2019}}</ref> |Capacity: '''40,000'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 January 2018 |title=Qatar Foundation Stadium: An amazing experience for fans & a bright future for football |url=https://www.sc.qa/en/stadiums/qatar-foundation-stadium |url-status=dead |access-date=8 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108175652/https://www.sc.qa/en/stadiums/qatar-foundation-stadium |archive-date=8 January 2018}}</ref> |Capacity: '''40,000'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 January 2018 |title=Al Thuymama Stadium: A tribute to our region |url=https://www.sc.qa/en/stadiums/al-thumama-stadium |url-status=live |access-date=8 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731183730/https://sc.qa/en/stadiums/al-thumama-stadium |archive-date=31 July 2019}}</ref> |- | | | | |- !rowspan="1" colspan="2"|Host cities in Qatar{{location map+|float=center|Qatar|width=385|caption=|places= {{Location map~|Qatar|lat=25.4269|long=51.5045|position=right|label=[[Lusail]]}} {{Location map~|Qatar|lat=25.2870|long=51.5310|mark=Blue pog.svg|marksize=11|position=right|label=Doha}} {{Location map~|Qatar|lat=25.6819|long=51.4969|position=right|label=[[Al-Khor]]}} {{Location map~|Qatar|lat=25.1680|long=51.5976|position=right|label=[[Al-Wakrah]]}} {{Location map~|Qatar|lat=25.2483|long=51.4105|position=left|label=[[Al-Rayyan]]}} }} !rowspan="1" colspan="2"|Stadiums in [[Doha|Doha area]]{{location map+|float=center|Qatar Doha|width=300|caption=|places= {{Location map~|Qatar Doha|lat=25.3140|long=51.4416|position=right|label=[[Education City|Education]]}} {{Location map~|Qatar Doha|lat=25.2846|long=51.5755|position=bottom|label=[[Ras Abu Aboud|974]]}} {{Location map~|Qatar Doha|lat=25.2635|long=51.4481|position=right|label=[[Aspire Zone|Khalifa]]}} {{Location map~|Qatar Doha|lat=25.2316|long=51.5413|position=right|label=[[Al Thumama (Doha)|Thumama]]}} }} |- !colspan=3|[[Al Rayyan (city)|Al Rayyan]] ![[Al Wakrah]] |- |[[Education City Stadium]] |[[Ahmad bin Ali Stadium]]{{efn|Ahmad bin Ali Stadium is in Al Rayyan but outside the area of the Doha area map.}} |[[Khalifa International Stadium]] |[[Al Janoub Stadium]] |- |Capacity: '''45,350'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 January 2018 |title=Ras Abu Aboud Stadium: A legacy for the community |url=https://www.sc.qa/en/stadiums/ras-abu-aboud-stadium |url-status=live |access-date=8 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731184156/https://sc.qa/en/stadiums/ras-abu-aboud-stadium |archive-date=31 July 2019}}</ref> |Capacity: '''44,740'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 January 2018 |title=Al Rayyan Stadium: The gateway to the desert opens its doors to the world |url=https://www.sc.qa/en/stadiums/al-rayyan-stadium |url-status=live |access-date=8 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731183730/https://sc.qa/en/stadiums/al-rayyan-stadium |archive-date=31 July 2019}}</ref><br /><small></small> |Capacity: '''40,000'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 January 2018 |title=Khalifa International Stadium: Qatar's most historic stadium & a crucial player for 2022 |url=https://www.sc.qa/en/stadiums/khalifa-international-stadium |url-status=live |access-date=8 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217204939/https://www.sc.qa/en/stadiums/khalifa-international-stadium |archive-date=17 December 2019}}</ref><br /><small>''(upgraded)''</small> |Capacity: '''40,000'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 May 2019 |title=Tradition and innovation come together as striking Al Janoub Stadium in Al Wakrah City is opened |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/tradition-and-innovation-come-together-as-striking-al-janoub-stadium-in-al-wakra |url-status=live |access-date=23 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711091026/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/tradition-and-innovation-come-together-as-striking-al-janoub-stadium-in-al-wakra |archive-date=11 July 2019}}</ref> |- | | |[[File:Khalifa_Stadium,_Doha,_Brazil_vs_Argentina_(2010).jpg|200x200px]] | |} ==Final draw== The final draw was in the Doha Exhibition and Convention Center in [[Doha]], Qatar,<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 October 2021 |title=FIFA Council endorses global summit to discuss the future of football |work=[[FIFA]] |url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/organisation/fifa-council/media-releases/fifa-council-endorses-global-summit-to-discuss-the-future-of-football |access-date=20 October 2021 |archive-date=11 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311143732/https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/organisation/fifa-council/media-releases/fifa-council-endorses-global-summit-to-discuss-the-future-of-football |url-status=live }}</ref> on 1 April 2022,<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 January 2022 |title=2022 European football calendar: Match and draw dates for all UEFA competitions |work=[[UEFA]] |url=https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/about-uefa/news/0271-1418c37e08e1-9c223aeae6cb-1000/ |access-date=5 January 2022 |archive-date=11 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311083608/https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/about-uefa/news/0271-1418c37e08e1-9c223aeae6cb-1000/ |url-status=live }}</ref> 19:00 [[Arabia Standard Time|AST]], before the [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification|qualifiers]] finished. The two winners of the [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (inter-confederation play-offs)|inter-confederation play-offs]] and the winner of the [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Second Round#Path A|Path A of the UEFA play-offs]] were not known at the time of the draw.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/procedures-for-the-final-draw-for-the-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022-tm-released |title=Procedures for the Final Draw for the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 released |publisher=FIFA |date=22 March 2022 |access-date=22 March 2022 |archive-date=31 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331071003/https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/procedures-for-the-final-draw-for-the-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022-tm-released |url-status=live }}</ref> For the draw, the 32 teams were put into four pots based on their [[FIFA World Rankings]] of 31 March 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifa-world-ranking/men?dateId=id13603 |title=Men's Ranking: 31 Mar 2022 |publisher=FIFA |date=31 March 2022 |access-date=31 March 2022 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530070631/https://www.fifa.com/fifa-world-ranking/men?dateId=id13603 |url-status=live }}</ref> The teams in Pot 1 were the hosts, Qatar (who were automatically seeded as A1) and the best seven teams. The teams in Pot 2 were the next best eight teams, with the next best eight teams into Pot 3. The teams in Pot 4 were the five lowest-ranked teams, the two inter-confederation play-off winners and the UEFA Path A play-off winner. Teams from the same confederation could not be in the same group except UEFA, which allowed maximum two teams in the same group. The Pot 1 teams were automatically seeded as 1.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/2ef762dcf5f577c6/original/Portrait-Master-Template.pdf |title=Draw procedures: FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 |publisher=FIFA |date=22 March 2022 |access-date=22 March 2022 |archive-date=12 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412081133/https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/2ef762dcf5f577c6/original/Portrait-Master-Template.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The pots for the draw are shown below.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/news/qatar-2022-final-draw-all-you-need-to-know |title=Qatar 2022 Final Draw: All you need to know |publisher=FIFA |date=31 March 2022 |access-date=31 March 2022 |archive-date=2 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402202529/https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/news/qatar-2022-final-draw-all-you-need-to-know |url-status=live }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- !width=25%| Pot 1 !width=25%| Pot 2 !width=25%| Pot 3 !width=25%| Pot 4 |- | {{fb|QAT}} (51) ''(hosts)''<br /> {{fb|BRA}} (1)<br /> {{fb|BEL}} (2)<br /> {{fb|FRA}} (3)<br /> {{fb|ARG}} (4)<br /> {{fb|ENG}} (5)<br /> {{fb|ESP}} (7)<br /> {{fb|POR}} (8) | {{fb|MEX}} (9)<br /> {{fb|NED}} (10)<br /> {{fb|DEN}} (11)<br /> {{fb|GER}} (12)<br /> {{fb|URU}} (13)<br /> {{fb|SUI}} (14)<br /> {{fb|USA}} (15)<br /> {{fb|CRO}} (16) | {{fb|SEN}} (20)<br /> {{fb|IRN}} (21)<br /> {{fb|JPN}} (23)<br /> {{fb|MAR}} (24)<br /> {{fb|SRB}} (25)<br /> {{fb|POL}} (26)<br /> {{fb|KOR}} (29)<br /> {{fb|TUN}} (35) | {{fb|CMR}} (37)<br /> {{fb|CAN}} (38)<br /> {{fb|ECU}} (46)<br /> {{fb|KSA}} (49)<br /> {{fb|GHA}} (60)<br /> {{fb|WAL}} (18){{hsp}}{{efn|name=RPS3|[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Second Round#Path A|UEFA Path A]] winners, team not determined at time of draw}}<br /> {{fb|CRC}} (31){{hsp}}{{efn|name=RPS2|[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF–OFC play-off)|CONCACAF v OFC]] winners, team not determined at time of draw}}<br /> {{fb|AUS}} (17){{hsp}}{{efn|name=RPS1|[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (AFC–CONMEBOL play-off)|AFC v CONMEBOL]] winners, team not determined at time of draw}} |} ==Group stage== {{Hatnote|All times are local, [[Arabia Standard Time|AST]] ([[UTC+03:00|UTC+3]]).}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! {{Anchor|Tiebreakers}} Tie-breaking criteria for group play |- |The ranking of teams in the group stage is determined as follows:<ref name="regulations">{{cite web |url=https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/2744a0a5e3ded185/original/FIFA-World-Cup-Qatar-2022-Regulations_EN.pdf |title=Regulations – FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 |publisher=FIFA |date=15 December 2021 |access-date=30 March 2022 |archive-date=4 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404112124/https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/2744a0a5e3ded185/original/FIFA-World-Cup-Qatar-2022-Regulations_EN.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> # Points; # Goal difference; # Number of goals scored; # Points in the matches played between the tied teams; # Goal difference in the matches played between the tied teams; # Number of goals scored in the matches played between the tied teams; # Fair play points: {{unordered list | Yellow card: −1 point; | Indirect red card (second yellow card): −3 points; | Direct red card: −4 points; | Yellow card and direct red card: −5 points; }} # Drawing of lots. |} ===Group A=== {{main|2022 FIFA World Cup Group A}} {{2022 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group A|only_pld_pts=no_hide_class_rules}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group A|A1}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group A|A2}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group A|A3}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group A|A4}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group A|A5}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group A|A6}} ===Group B=== {{main|2022 FIFA World Cup Group B}} {{2022 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group B|only_pld_pts=no_hide_class_rules}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group B|B1}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group B|B2}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group B|B3}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group B|B4}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group B|B5}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group B|B6}} ===Group C=== {{main|2022 FIFA World Cup Group C}} {{2022 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group C|only_pld_pts=no_hide_class_rules}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group C|C1}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group C|C2}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group C|C3}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group C|C4}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group C|C5}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group C|C6}} ===Group D=== {{main|2022 FIFA World Cup Group D}} {{2022 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group D|only_pld_pts=no_hide_class_rules}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group D|D1}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group D|D2}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group D|D3}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group D|D4}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group D|D5}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group D|D6}} ===Group E=== {{main|2022 FIFA World Cup Group E}} {{2022 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group E|only_pld_pts=no_hide_class_rules}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group E|E1}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group E|E2}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group E|E3}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group E|E4}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group E|E5}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group E|E6}} ===Group F=== {{main|2022 FIFA World Cup Group F}} {{2022 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group F|only_pld_pts=no_hide_class_rules}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group F|F1}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group F|F2}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group F|F3}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group F|F4}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group F|F5}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group F|F6}} ===Group G=== {{main|2022 FIFA World Cup Group G}} {{2022 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group G|only_pld_pts=no_hide_class_rules}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group G|G1}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group G|G2}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group G|G3}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group G|G4}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group G|G5}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group G|G6}} ===Group H=== {{main|2022 FIFA World Cup Group H}} {{2022 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group H|only_pld_pts=no_hide_class_rules}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group H|H1}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group H|H2}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group H|H3}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group H|H4}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group H|H5}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Group H|H6}} ==Knockout stage== {{Main|2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage}} In the knockout stage, if a match is tied at the end of 90 minutes of normal playing time, [[Overtime (sports)#Association football|extra time]] will be played (two halves that are 15 minutes each). If it is still tied after extra time, the match will be decided by a [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|penalty shoot-out]].<ref name="regulations"/> ===Bracket=== {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|Bracket}} ===Round of 16=== {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|R16-1}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|R16-2}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|R16-3}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|R16-4}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|R16-5}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|R16-6}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|R16-7}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|R16-8}} ===Quarter-finals=== {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|QF1}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|QF2}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|QF3}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|QF4}} ===Semi-finals=== {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|SF1}} ---- {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|SF2}} ===Third place play-off=== {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|TPP}} ===Final=== {{Main|2022 FIFA World Cup Final}} {{#lst:2022 FIFA World Cup Final|Final}} ==Marketing== ===Branding=== The official emblem was shown on 3 September 2019 at the [[Doha Tower]], [[Katara (cultural village)|Katara Cultural Village Amphitheatre]], [[Msheireb Downtown Doha]], and [[Zubarah]]. It is designed to show the [[FIFA World Cup Trophy|tournament trophy]], the [[infinity symbol]], and the number "8", which represents the eight host stadiums. It also represents [[shawl]]s to highlight the tournament's winter scheduling, and has waves showing the desert [[dune]]s. The make-up of the emblem's [[wordmark]] describes [[kashida]]—extending certain parts of characters in [[Arabic script]] to give emphasis.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Qatar 2022 emblem revealed |url=https://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/04/09/2019/Qatar-2022-emblem-revealed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904191647/https://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/04/09/2019/Qatar-2022-emblem-revealed |archive-date=4 September 2019 |access-date=4 September 2019 |website=The Peninsula|date=4 September 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Qatar 2022: Football World Cup logo unveiled |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/09/qatar-2022-football-world-cup-logo-unveiled-190903193444377.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903213331/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/09/qatar-2022-football-world-cup-logo-unveiled-190903193444377.html |archive-date=3 September 2019 |access-date=4 September 2019 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Qatar 2022 World Cup logo unveiled, reflects move to winter tournament |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/sports/2019/09/04/qatar-2022-world-cup-logo-unveiled-reflects-move-to-winter-tournament.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904201822/https://www.theweek.in/news/sports/2019/09/04/qatar-2022-world-cup-logo-unveiled-reflects-move-to-winter-tournament.html |archive-date=4 September 2019 |access-date=4 September 2019 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref> ===Mascot=== The tournament's [[FIFA World Cup mascot|official mascot]] was shown on 1 April 2022, during the group stage draw. Its name is La’eeb, which means "super-skilled player" in Arabic. The official website of FIFA says: "La’eeb will be known for his youthful spirit; spreading joy and confidence everywhere he goes", and the official backstory of the character, published there, says that it comes from a different world where tournament mascots live, "a world where ideas and creativity form the basis of characters that live in the minds of everyone".<ref>{{Cite web |title=La'eeb is revealed as Qatar's FIFA World Cup mascot |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/laeeb-is-revealed-as-qatars-fifa-world-cup-tm-mascot |date=1 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |archive-date=27 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427231019/https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/laeeb-is-revealed-as-qatars-fifa-world-cup-tm-mascot |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Match ball=== The official match ball, the "Al Rihla", was shown on 30 March 2022. It was inspired by the culture, architecture, iconic boats and flag of Qatar. In Arabic, the word ''Al Rihla'' means “the journey”. The ball was designed with stability as the main focus. It is the first ever official match ball created with water-based glues and inks. As "the game is getting faster" and "speeds up", [[Adidas]] used some new traits, like more speed and improved accuracy of the ball.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Al Rihla by adidas revealed as FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 Official Match Ball |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/al-rihla-by-adidas-revealed-as-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022-tm-official-match |date=30 March 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |archive-date=1 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401021948/https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/al-rihla-by-adidas-revealed-as-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022-tm-official-match |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Official song=== The official song of the tournament is "[[Hayya Hayya (Better Together)]]", by [[Trinidad Cardona]], [[Davido]] and [[AISHA]], released on 1 April 2022 with the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyDjFVZgJoo music video].<ref>{{Cite web |title=FIFA World Cup Official Soundtrack kicks off with Hayya Hayya (Better Together) |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/trinidad-cardona-joins-davido-and-aisha-for-hayya-hayya-better-together-the |date=1 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |archive-date=1 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401093804/https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/trinidad-cardona-joins-davido-and-aisha-for-hayya-hayya-better-together-the |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Sponsorship== {| class="wikitable"] |- !FIFA partners !!FIFA World Cup sponsors |- |style="vertical-align:top;"| {{col-start}} {{col-2}} * [[Adidas]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2013 |title=FIFA and adidas extend partnership until 2030 |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/fifa-and-adidas-extend-partnership-until-2030-2227271 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628145045/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2013/m=11/news=fifa-and-adidas-extend-partnership-until-2030-2227271.html |archive-date=28 June 2017 |access-date=10 May 2017 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> * [[The Coca-Cola Company|Coca-Cola]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Matthews |first=Sam |date=22 November 2005 |title=Coca-Cola renews Fifa football sponsorship until 2022 |url=http://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/coca-cola-renews-fifa-football-sponsorship-until-2022/529147 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827171212/http://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/coca-cola-renews-fifa-football-sponsorship-until-2022/529147?src_site=brandrepublic |archive-date=27 August 2017 |access-date=10 May 2017 |publisher=Campaign}}</ref> * [[Hyundai Motor Company|Hyundai]]–[[Kia Motors|Kia]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2010 |title=Hyundai-Kia drives on as FIFA Partner until 2022 |url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2010/m=11/news=hyundai-kia-drives-fifa-partner-until-2022-1339629.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618201025/http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2010/m=11/news=hyundai-kia-drives-fifa-partner-until-2022-1339629.html |archive-date=18 June 2017 |access-date=10 May 2017 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> * {{nowrap|[[Qatar Airways]]}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 May 2017 |title=Qatar Airways announced as Official Partner and Official Airline of FIFA until 2022 |url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2017/m=5/news=qatar-airways-official-partner-airline-fifa-2882728.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511144714/http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2017/m=5/news=qatar-airways-official-partner-airline-fifa-2882728.html |archive-date=11 May 2017 |access-date=10 May 2017 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> * {{nowrap|[[QatarEnergy]]}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2022 |title=QatarEnergy announced as official FIFA Partner for the FIFA World Cup 2022 |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/qatarenergy-announced-as-official-fifa-partner-for-the-fifa-world-cup-2022 |publisher=FIFA |access-date=5 April 2022 |archive-date=24 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424230335/https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/qatarenergy-announced-as-official-fifa-partner-for-the-fifa-world-cup-2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Visa Inc.|Visa]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mickle |first=Tripp |date=1 April 2013 |title=Visa extending World Cup deal for eight years |url=http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Journal/Issues/2013/04/01/Marketing-and-Sponsorship/Visa-FIFA.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827173751/http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Journal/Issues/2013/04/01/Marketing-and-Sponsorship/Visa-FIFA.aspx |archive-date=27 August 2017 |access-date=10 May 2017 |website=Sports Business Daily}}</ref> * {{nowrap|[[Wanda Group]]}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilson |first=Bill |date=18 March 2016 |title=Fifa signs China's Wanda as partner |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-35844777 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611214404/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-35844777 |archive-date=11 June 2019 |access-date=6 December 2018 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> {{col-2}} {{col-end}} |style="vertical-align:top;"| {{col-start}} * {{nowrap|[[AB InBev|Anheuser-Busch InBev]]}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 October 2011 |title=FIFA and Anheuser-Busch InBev announce FIFA World Cup sponsorship for 2018 / 2022 |url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2011/m=10/news=fifa-and-anheuser-busch-inbev-announce-fifa-world-cuptm-sponsorship-for--1531958.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827170218/http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2011/m=10/news=fifa-and-anheuser-busch-inbev-announce-fifa-world-cuptm-sponsorship-for--1531958.html |archive-date=27 August 2017 |access-date=10 May 2017 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> *[[Byju's]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Byju's named official sponsor of Fifa World Cup Qatar 20222|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/byjus-named-official-sponsor-of-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022/articleshow/90425001.cms|access-date=2022-04-05|archive-date=2022-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329024114/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/byjus-named-official-sponsor-of-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022/articleshow/90425001.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/kt-network/byjus-announced-as-an-official-sponsor-of-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022tm|publisher=Khaleej Times|title=Byju's announced as an official spnsor of Fifa World Cup Qatar 2022|access-date=2022-04-05|archive-date=2022-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503202510/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/kt-network/byjus-announced-as-an-official-sponsor-of-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022tm|url-status=live}}</ref> *[[Crypto.com]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Morgan |first=Liam |date=22 March 2022 |title=Crypto.com unveiled as FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 Official Sponsor |work=FIFA |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/crypto-com-unveiled-as-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022-tm-official-sponsor |access-date=5 April 2022 |archive-date=12 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412165757/https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/crypto-com-unveiled-as-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022-tm-official-sponsor |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Hisense]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Morgan |first=Liam |date=28 April 2021 |title=Hisense extends FIFA deal after signing on as 2022 World Cup sponsor |work=insidethegames.biz |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1107177/hisense-to-sponsor-2022-world-cup-qatar |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428102256/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1107177/hisense-to-sponsor-2022-world-cup-qatar |archive-date=28 April 2021 |access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref> *[[McDonald's]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Long |first=Michael |date=28 October 2014 |title=Report: McDonald's extends Fifa deal to Qatar 2022 |work=Sportspro Media |url=https://www.sportspromedia.com/news/report_mcdonalds_extends_fifa_deal_to_qatar_2022/ |url-status=live |access-date=29 March 2022 |archive-date=26 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526145849/http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/report_mcdonalds_extends_fifa_deal_to_qatar_2022 }}</ref> *[[Mengniu Dairy]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 October 2021 |title=Mengniu becomes Official Sponsor of FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 |work=FIFA |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/mengniu-becomes-official-sponsor-of-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022-tm |access-date=5 April 2022 |archive-date=30 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330025607/https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/mengniu-becomes-official-sponsor-of-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022-tm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[TikTok]] * [[Vivo (technology company)|Vivo]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carp |first=Sam |date=31 May 2017 |title=Fifa agrees massive World Cup deal with Vivo |url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/fifa-agrees-massive-world-cup-deal-with-vivo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602135310/http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/fifa-agrees-massive-world-cup-deal-with-vivo |archive-date=2 June 2017 |access-date=31 May 2017 |publisher=SportsPro}}</ref> {{col-end}} |} ==Broadcasters== {{main|2022 FIFA World Cup broadcasters}} ==Notes== {{notelist}} == References == <references /> ==Other websites== {{Commons category}} {{Wikiquote}} {{Wikivoyage|World Cup 2022|2022 FIFA World Cup}} * [https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/ FIFA.com 2022 World Cup website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221185040/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/ |date=2018-12-21 }} {{2022 FIFA World Cup}} {{FIFA World Cup}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fifa World Cup 2022}} [[Category:2022 FIFA World Cup| ]] [[Category:FIFA World Cup tournaments|2022]] [[Category:2022 in Asian sport]] [[Category:2020s in Qatar]] [[Category:November 2022 events]] [[Category:December 2022 events]] nb885bbjpcwhhs2mb84afavk53fxul3 0 303110 10369162 10344275 2025-07-03T08:08:38Z 180.150.36.182 10369162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Band | Name = From First to Last | Img = From First To Last.jpg | Img_capt = From First to Last live in 2007 | Years_active = 1999 - 2010 and 2013 - present | Background = group_or_band | Origin = [[Tampa]], [[Florida]] [[United States|USA]] | Genre = [[Post-hardcore]],<ref> https://www.theprp.com/2024/07/19/news/from-first-to-last-premiere-new-track-genesis</ref><ref>https://themusic.com.au/artist/3yT58PH29_Q/from-first-to-last</ref><ref name="From First to Last - AllMusic">{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/from-first-to-last-mn0000741127 |title=From First to Last – Artist Profile |website=AllMusic |access-date=11 January 2025}}</ref> [[emo]],<ref> https://notetoscene.com/podcast-sonny-moore-story-from-first-to-last</ref><ref> https://www.epitaph.com/artists/from-first-to-last/bio</ref> [[screamo]]<ref name="From First to Last - AllMusic" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/i-stalked-skrillex-and-now-i-know-everything-about-his-screamo-band/ |title=I Stalked Skrillex and Now I Know Everything About His Screamo Band |website=Vice |date=10 May 2021 |access-date=11 January 2025}}</ref> | Label = Rise, [[Interscope Records|Interscope]], Suretone, [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] [[Epitaph Records|Epitaph]], Four Leaf | Current_members = Matt Good<br>Blake Steiner<br>Matt Manning<br>Derek Bloom<br>[[Skrillex|Sonny Moore]] | Past_members = Phillip Reardon<br>Travis Richter<br>Scott Oord<br>Joey Antillion<br>Jon Weisberg<br>Parker Nelms<br>Steve Pullman<br>Greg Taylor<br>Chris Lent }} '''From First to Last''' (formerly named '''First Too Last''') is an American [[post-hardcore]] band from [[Los Angeles]], originally from [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] and [[Florida]]. == History == The band formed in 1999 under the name '''First too Last'''. In 2004, 15-year-old [[Skrillex|Sonny Moore]] joined the band. The first album, ''Dear Diary, My Teen Angst Has a Bodycount'', was released on June 29, 2004. ''Heroine'', the band's second album, was recorded in 2005 with [[Limp Bizkit]] guitarist Was Borland on the bass. Heroine was released on March 21, 2006. Moore left the band in early 2007 and guitarist Matt Good took over the lead vocals. In 2008, the band released their third album, named ''From First to Last'', with [[Interscope Records]]. Guitarist–screamer Travis Richter left the band in 2009, becoming lead vocalist in the [[metalcore]] band [[The Human Abstract]] in 2010. In March 16, 2010, the band released their fourth album, ''Throne to the Wolves'', with guitarist Blake Steiner and label Rise. The band was disbanded on July 29, 2010, but was brought back together in November 2013, with [[Skrillex|Sonny Moore]] returning == Discography == ; Albums/EPs * ''Aesthetic'' (EP, 2003) - Four Leaf Records * ''Dear Diary, My Teen Angst Has a Body Count'' (2004) - [[Epitaph Records]] * ''Heroine'' (2006) - Epitaph Records * ''From First to Last'' (2008) - [[Interscope Records]] * ''Throne to the Wolves'' (2010) - Rise Records == Videography == * ''Such a Tragedy'' (2003) * ''Ride the Wings of Pestilence'' (2004) * ''Note to Self'' (2005) * ''The Latest Plague'' (2006) * ''Shame Shame'' (2006) * ''Worlds Away'' (2008) == Members == ; Current members * Matt Good - Lead vocals/screams (since 2007), lead guitar, keyboards (since 1999) * Blake Steiner - Rhythm guitar, backing vocals (since 2009) * Matt Manning - Screamed vocals, bass (since 2007) * Derek Bloom - Drums (since 2002) ; Former members * [[Skrillex|Sonny Moore]] - Lead vocals, keyboards, rhythm guitar (2004-2007) * Phillip Reardon - Lead vocals/screams, keyboards (2002-2003) * Travis Richter - Screamed vocals, rhythm guitar (since 2002), lead vocals (2002) * Scott Oord - Bass, backing vocals (1999-2002) * Joey Antillion - Bass (2002-2003) * Jon Weisberg - Screamed vocals, bass (2004-2005) * Parker Nelms - Drums (1999-2000) * Steve Pullman - Drums, keyboard (2000-2002) * Greg Taylor - Drums (2002) * Chris Lent - Synthesizers, percussion (2008) ; Touring members * Rick Patterson – Rhythm guitar (2003–2004) * Alicia Simmons - Bass (2005) * Wes Borland – Bass (2005–2006) * Matt Fleischman – Bass (2006-2007) ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == * [http://www.fromfirsttolast.com FFTL Official Websites] * [http://www.myspace.com/fromfirsttolast MySpace Site] * [http://www.purevolume.com/fromfirsttolast PureVolume Site]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.facebook.com/pages/From-First-To-Last/101966306505670 Facebook Site] [[Category:American punk bands]] [[Category:Emo bands]] [[Category:Post-hardcore bands]] [[Category:Musicians from Tampa, Florida]] [[Category:Musical groups from Florida]] lkiji9to04dxzjz4kkygwb5yaedj94x 0 305684 10369013 8786535 2025-07-03T05:46:25Z Julipero 1604351 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 10369013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox spaceflight | name = Mariner 2 | image = Mariner 2.jpg | image_caption = Depiction of Mariner 2 in space | mission_type = [[Planetary flyby]] | operator = [[NASA]] / [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory|JPL]] | website = | Harvard_designation = 1962 Alpha Rho 1<ref name="LL">{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt|title=Launch Log|first=Jonathan|last=McDowell|work=Jonathan's Space Page|accessdate=12 September 2013}}</ref> | COSPAR_ID = 1962-041A | SATCAT = 374 | mission_duration = 4&nbsp;months, 7&nbsp;days | spacecraft_type = [[Mariner program|Mariner]]<br>based on [[Ranger program|Ranger]] Block I | manufacturer = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] | dry_mass = | launch_mass = {{convert|202.8|kg|lb}} | power = 220&nbsp;watts (at Venus encounter) | launch_date = {{start-date|August 27, 1962, 06:53:14|timezone=yes}}&nbsp;UTC<ref name="LL"/> | launch_rocket = [[Atlas-Agena|Atlas LV-3 Agena-B]] | launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station|Cape Canaveral]] [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 12|LC-12]] | launch_contractor = | disposal_type = | last_contact = {{end-date|January 3, 1963}} 7:00 UT<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nasa.gov/connect/ebooks/beyond_earth_detail.html | title=Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration | date=20 September 2018 }}</ref> | programme = [[Mariner program|Mariner]] | previous_mission = [[Mariner 1]] | next_mission = [[Mariner 3]] <!--orbit parameters--> | orbit_epoch = December 27, 1962 | orbit_reference = Heliocentric | orbit_periapsis = {{convert|105464560|km|nmi|abbr=off|sp=us}} | orbit_apoapsis = <!--apoapsis altitude--> | orbit_inclination = <!--orbital inclination--> | apsis = helion |interplanetary = {{Infobox spaceflight/IP |type = flyby |object = [[Venus]] |distance = {{convert|34773|km|nmi|abbr=off|sp=us}} |arrival_date = December 14, 1962 }} }} '''Mariner 2''' was a [[NASA]] [[spacecraft]]. It was the second spacecraft in the [[Mariner program]]. Mariner 2 was the first successful mission from [[Earth]] to another [[planet]]. == Mission == Mariner 2 was launched on August 27, 1962 aboard an Atlas-Agena B rocket at [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station]]. The aim of the Mariner 2 mission was to [[fly-by]] the planet [[Venus]] and return information on the planet's [[atmosphere]], [[magnetic field]], [[charged particle]] environment, and [[mass]]. Mariner 2 was at its closest to Venus, at a distance of 34,773 [[km]], on December 14, 1962. Orbital [[perihelion]] was on December 27, 105,464,560&nbsp;km away. The last [[radio]] signal from Mariner 2 was received on January 3, 1963. Mariner 2 is still orbiting around the Sun today. ==Design== The spacecraft's design was exactly the same as that of [[Mariner 1]]. Mariner 1 was the first spacecraft in the Mariner program, but it had to be destroyed shortly after launch because its [[trajectory]] was wrong. ==Discoveries== The spacecraft found out that the surface [[temperature]] on Venus was at least 425&nbsp;°C (797&nbsp;°F), on both the day and night sides. It discovered that Venus rotates in the opposite direction from most planets in the [[Solar System]]. The spacecraft also found that the atmosphere of Venus is mostly of [[carbon dioxide]] and that there is a very high pressure at the planet's surface. Continuous cloud cover was detected but no magnetic field was, however. It also found that [[solar wind]] is continuous and that the [[density]] of [[cosmic dust]] between planets is much lower than it is near Earth. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{cite web|url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?MCode=Mariner_02|title=Mariner 2|publisher=NASA|accessdate=2011-08-23|archive-date=2015-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118202749/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?MCode=Mariner_02|url-status=dead}} *{{cite web|url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/masterCatalog.do?sc=1962-041A|title=Mariner 2|publisher=NASA|accessdate=2011-08-23|archive-date=2011-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111017023002/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/masterCatalog.do?sc=1962-041A|url-status=dead}} {{Use American English}} [[Category:Mariner program|Mariner 02]] [[Category:1960s in spaceflight]] 58xb96pyp8ml75fhyo4wlgxghqjslra 0 310068 10367774 9715625 2025-07-02T15:13:41Z 2A02:810C:C08A:400:A009:7CA9:EAEE:369 10367774 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:WrestleMania 32 Axxess 2016-03-31 20-20-18 ILCE-6000 DSC04218 (26933143076).jpg|thumb|[[Charlotte Flair|Charlotte]], the last Divas Champion.|alt=]] The '''[[WWE Divas Championship]]''' was a [[professional wrestling]] championship made in 2008 by [[WWE]]. The wrestlers with the most reigns as Divas Champion are [[Eve Torres]] and [[AJ Lee]] with 3 each. The longest reigning champion is [[Nikki Bella]] with the aid of her sister [[Brie Bella]], holding the championship for 301 days. There is no longer a Divas championship as the WWE doesn't want the women to be classed as a diva and now calls them WWE Superstars like the men. The [[WWE Women's Championship]] replaced the title at [[WrestleMania 32]]. ==Title history== {| class="wikitable" |- |'''#''' |Order in reign history |- |'''Reign''' |The reign number for the specific set of wrestlers listed |- |'''Location''' |The city in which the title was won |- |'''Event''' |The event in which the title was won |- | — |Used for vacated reigns so as not to count it as an official reign |- | '''+''' |Indicates the current reign is changing daily |} {| class="wikitable sortable" width=100% !style="background-color: #e3e3e3;width:0%" |# !style="background-color: #e3e3e3;width:14%"|Wrestler !style="background-color: #e3e3e3;width:0%" |Reigns !style="background-color: #e3e3e3;width:16%"|Date !style="background-color: #e3e3e3;width:0%" |Days Held !style="background-color: #e3e3e3;width:14%"|Location !style="background-color: #e3e3e3;width:16%"|Event !style="background-color: #e3e3e3;width:54%" class="unsortable"|Notes !style="background-color: #e3e3e3;width:0%" class="unsortable"|Ref. |- |1 |[[Michelle McCool]] |1 |{{dts|2008|07|20}} |{{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=20|year1=2008|month2=12|day2=22|year2=2008}} |[[Uniondale, New York|Uniondale, NY]] |{{sort|Great American Bash|[[The Great American Bash (2008)|The Great American Bash]]}} |McCool defeated [[Natalya (wrestler)|Natalya]] to become the first champion. WWE lists the end of McCool's reign on December 26, 2008, when the episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |align=center|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/divas/7683094|title=Michelle McCool's first reign|date=2008-07-20|accessdate=2009-09-27|publisher=WWE|archive-date=2013-01-19|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6DmxOVNa2?url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/7683094|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |2 |[[Maryse Ouellet|Maryse]] |1 |{{dts|2008|12|22}} |{{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=22|year1=2008|month2=07|day2=26|year2=2009}} |[[Toronto]], [[Ontario|ON]], [[Canada]] |{{sort|SmackDown|''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]''}} |WWE lists the start of Maryse's reign on December 26, 2008, when the episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. The championship became exclusive to the [[WWE Raw|Raw]] brand on April 13, 2009 when Maryse was drafted there in the [[2009 WWE Draft]]. |align=center|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/divas/10995388|title=Maryse's first reign|accessdate=2009-01-26|publisher=WWE|archive-date=2013-01-19|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Dn232lSu?url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/10995388|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/WWE_News_3/article_28779.shtml|title=WWE News: Complete WWE Smackdown 12/22 tapings report - Spoilers on title change, Jeff Hardy in main event |publisher=PW Torch|date=2008-12-23|first=Mike|last=Beauvais|accessdate= 2011-01-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/raw/archive/04132009/mainarticle/|title=Results: Rough draft|publisher=WWE|author=Sitterson, Aubrey|date=2009-04-13|accessdate=2010-01-03}}</ref> |- |3 |[[Mickie James]] |1 |{{dts|2009|07|26}} |{{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=26|year1=2009|month2=10|day2=12|year2=2009}} |[[Philadelphia|Philadelphia, PA]] |[[Night of Champions (2009)|Night of Champions]] | |align=center|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/divas/9009844|title=Mickie James's first reign|accessdate=2011-10-03|publisher=WWE|archive-date=2013-01-19|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Dn24f81q?url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/9009844|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |4 |[[Jillian Hall]] |1 | rowspan="2" |{{dts|2009|10|12}} |<1 | rowspan="2" |[[Indianapolis|Indianapolis, IN]] | rowspan="2" |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | |align=center|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/divas/12057666|title=Jillian Hall`s first reign|publisher=WWE|accessdate=2009-10-13|archive-date=2009-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016065814/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/divas/12057666|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |5 |[[Melina Perez|Melina]] |1 |{{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=12|year1=2009|month2=01|day2=04|year2=2010}} | |align=center|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/divas/12057662|title=Melina's first reign|publisher=WWE|accessdate=2009-10-13|archive-date=2013-01-19|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Dn26r8UY?url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/12057662|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- style="background-color:#e3e3e3" |— |— |[[List of professional wrestling terms#V|Vacated]] | | January 4, 2010 |— |[[Dayton, Ohio|Dayton, OH]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | align="left" |WWE vacated the title after [[Melina Perez|Melina]] [[anterior cruciate ligament|injured her knee]], which sidelined her from in-ring competition. | align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Divas Champion Melina injured|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/news/melinainjury|publisher=WWE|accessdate=2010-01-04}}</ref> |- |6 |[[Maryse Ouellet|Maryse]] |2 |{{dts|2010|02|22}} |{{age in days nts|month1=02|day1=22|year1=2010|month2=04|day2=12|year2=2010}} |[[Indianapolis|Indianapolis, IN]] | rowspan="2" |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |Maryse defeated [[Gail Kim]] in the finals of an eight diva tournament to win the vacant title. |align=center|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/divas/13589002|title=Maryse's second reign|publisher=WWE|accessdate=2010-02-23|archive-date=2013-01-19|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Dn28ozlO?url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/13589002|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |7 |[[Eve Torres]] |1 |{{dts|2010|04|12}} |{{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=12|year1=2010|month2=06|day2=20|year2=2010}} |[[London]], [[England]] | |align=center|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/divas/14112494|title=Eve's first reign|publisher=WWE|accessdate=2010-04-13|archive-date=2013-01-19|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Dn29pzJF?url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/14112494|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |8 |[[Alicia Fox]] |1 |{{dts|2010|06|20}} |{{age in days nts|month1=06|day1=20|year1=2010|month2=08|day2=15|year2=2010}} |[[Uniondale, New York|Uniondale, NY]] |[[WWE Fatal 4-Way|Fatal 4-Way]] |This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|Fatal four-way match]] also involving [[Gail Kim]] and [[Maryse Ouellet|Maryse]]. Fox pinned Maryse to win the title. |align=center|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/divas/14798866|title=Alicia Fox's first reign|publisher=WWE|accessdate=2010-06-21|archive-date=2013-01-19|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Dn2Ao255?url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/14798866|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |9 |[[Melina Perez|Melina]] |2 |{{dts|2010|08|15}} |{{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=15|year1=2010|month2=09|day2=19|year2=2010}} |[[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, CA]] |[[SummerSlam (2010)|SummerSlam]] | |align=center|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/divas/15383938|title=Melina's second reign|publisher=WWE|accessdate=2010-08-16|archive-date=2013-01-19|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Dn2C45Uw?url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/15383938|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |10 |[[Michelle McCool]] |2 |{{dts|2010|09|19}} |{{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=19|year1=2010|month2=11|day2=21|year2=2010}} |[[Rosemont, Illinois|Rosemont, IL]] |[[Night of Champions (2010)|Night of Champions]] |This was a [[professional wrestling match types#Lumberjack match|lumberjill match]] where the [[WWE Women's Championship (1956–2010)|Women's Championship]] was made into one with the Divas Championship. The title now belonged to both the ''Raw'' and ''SmackDown'' brands and for a short time was called the Unified Divas Championship, keeping the history of the Divas Championship while the Women's Championship was retired. [[Layla El|Layla]] was unofficially the co-champion during this reign; she sometimes defended the championship in McCool's place. |align=center|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/divas/15748578|title=Michelle McCool's second reign|accessdate=2010-09-26|publisher=WWE|archive-date=2013-01-19|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Dn2DcsI4?url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/15748578|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Results: CU in Hell!|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/raw/archive/09202010/mainarticle/|publisher=WWE|date=2010-09-20|accessdate=2011-01-03|author=Adkins, Greg}}</ref> |- |11 |[[Natalya (wrestler)|Natalya]] |1 |{{dts|2010|11|21}} |{{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=21|year1=2010|month2=01|day2=30|year2=2011}} |[[Miami|Miami, FL]] |[[Survivor Series (2010)|Survivor Series]] |This was a 2-on-1 [[Professional wrestling match types#Handicap match|handicap match]] with [[Layla El|Layla]] as Michelle McCool's [[Tag team|tag team partner]]. |align=center|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/divas/20101121|title=Natalya's first reign|accessdate=2010-11-21|publisher=WWE|archive-date=2012-01-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120110085611/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/divas/20101121|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |12 |[[Eve Torres]] |2 |{{dts|2011|01|30}} |{{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=30|year1=2011|month2=04|day2=11|year2=2011}} |[[Boston|Boston, MA]] |[[Royal Rumble (2011)|Royal Rumble]] |This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|fatal four–way match]] also featuring [[Layla El|Layla]] and [[Michelle McCool]]. |align=center|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/divas/201011211|title=Eve's second reign|accessdate=2011-01-31|publisher=WWE|archive-date=2013-01-19|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Dn2En7NU?url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/201011211|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |13 |[[Brie Bella]] |1 |{{dts|2011|04|11}} |{{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=11|year1=2011|month2=06|day2=20|year2=2011}} |[[Bridgeport, Connecticut|Bridgeport, CT]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |Brie was accompanied by her twin Nikki in this match. They switched places to trick Eve Torres into losing. In the end, Brie Bella won the title even though Nikki Bella was the one who pinned Torres. |align=center|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/divas/25010154|title=Brie Bella's first reign|accessdate=2011-10-03|publisher=WWE|archive-date=2013-01-19|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Dn2FPaF6?url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/25010154|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |14 |[[Kelly Kelly]] |1 |{{dts|2011|06|20}} |{{age in days nts|month1=06|day1=20|year1=2011|month2=10|day2=02|year2=2011}} |[[Baltimore, Maryland|Baltimore, MD]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw: Power to the People]]'' |This was a ''"Power to the People"'' edition of Raw, where viewers voted who wrestled in the matches. Kelly got the highest number of votes. Other nominees were [[Beth Phoenix]] and [[Eve Torres]]. |align=center|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/divas/25021870|title=Kelly Kelly's first reign|accessdate=2011-10-03|publisher=WWE|archive-date=2013-01-19|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Dn2H3xbM?url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/25021870|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |15 |[[Beth Phoenix]] |1 |{{dts|2011|10|02}} |{{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=02|year1=2011|month2=04|day2=23|year2=2012}} |[[New Orleans|New Orleans, LA]] |[[Hell in a Cell (2011)|Hell in a Cell]] | |align=center|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/divas/25037080|title=Beth Phoenix's first reign|accessdate=2011-10-03|publisher=WWE|archive-date=2013-01-19|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Dn2Hdmhb?url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/25037080|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |16 |[[Nikki Bella]] |1 |{{dts|2012|04|23}} |{{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=23|year1=2012|month2=04|day2=29|year2=2012}} |[[Detroit|Detroit, MI]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |This was a [[professional wrestling match types#Lumberjack match|lumberjill match]]. |align=center|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/nikki-bella|title=Nikki Bella's first reign|accessdate=2012-04-23|publisher=WWE|archive-date=2015-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905113832/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/nikki-bella|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |17 |[[Layla El|Layla]] |1 |{{dts|2012|04|29}} |{{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=29|year1=2012|month2=09|day2=16|year2=2012}} |[[Rosemont, Illinois|Rosemont, IL]] |[[Extreme Rules (2012)|Extreme Rules]] |Beth Phoenix was announced as the opponent for the match, but was not medically cleared to wrestle and was replaced by Layla. |align=center|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/20120429-layla|title=Layla's first reign|accessdate=2012-04-29|publisher=WWE|archive-date=2012-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120528104419/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/20120429-layla|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |18 |[[Eve Torres]] |3 |{{dts|2012|09|16}} |{{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=16|year1=2012|month2=01|day2=14|year2=2013}} |[[Boston|Boston, MA]] |[[Night of Champions (2012)|Night of Champions]] |[[Kaitlyn (wrestler)|Kaitlyn]] was announced as the opponent for the match, but was ([[kayfabe]]) injured backstage during the show and could not wrestle. |align=center|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/09162012-eve|title=Eve's third reign|accessdate=2012-09-16|publisher=WWE|archive-date=2015-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122142448/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/09162012-eve|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |19 |[[Kaitlyn (wrestler)|Kaitlyn]] |1 |{{dts|2013|01|14}} |153 |[[Houston|Houston, TX]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw 20th Anniversary Special]]'' |Had Eve been counted out or disqualified, she would have lost the title. |align=center|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/01142013-kaitlyn|title=Kaitlyn's first reign|accessdate=2013-01-21|publisher=WWE|archive-date=2015-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151027011753/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/01142013-kaitlyn|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/raw/2013-01-14/wwe-raw-results-26084061/page-6|title=Kaitlyn def. Eve to win the Divas Championship|accessdate=2013-02-10|publisher=[[WWE]]}}</ref> |- |20 |[[AJ Lee]] |1 |{{dts|2013|06|16}} |{{age in days nts|month1=06|day1=16|year1=2013|month2=04|day2=07|year2=2014}} |[[Rosemont, Illinois|Rosemont, IL]] |''[[Payback (2013)|Payback]]'' | |align=center|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/06162013-aj-lee|title=AJ Lee's first reign|accessdate=2013-06-17|publisher=WWE|archive-date=2015-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013181828/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/06162013-aj-lee|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |21 |[[Paige (wrestler)|Paige]] |1 |{{dts|2014|04|07}} |{{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=07|year1=2014|month2=06|day2=30|year2=2014}} |[[New Orleans|New Orleans, LA]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |This was Paige's debut main roster match. She became the first diva to win the championship in their debut match and also is the first diva to hold both the WWE Diva's Championship and the [[NXT Women's Championship]]. When she won, she became the youngest woman to hold the championship. |align=center|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/04072014-paige|title=Paige's first reign|accessdate=2014-04-11|publisher=WWE|archive-date=2015-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013093016/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/04072014-paige|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |22 |[[AJ Lee]] |2 |{{dts|2014|06|30}} |{{age in days nts|month1=06|day1=30|year1=2014|month2=08|day2=17|year2=2014}} |[[Hartford|Hartford, CT]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | |align=center|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/20140630-aj-lee|title=AJ Lee's second reign|accessdate=2013-07-01|publisher=WWE|archive-date=2015-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905160725/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/20140630-aj-lee|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |23 |[[Paige (wrestler)|Paige]] |2 |{{dts|2014|08|17}} |{{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=17|year1=2014|month2=9|day2=21|year2=2014}} |[[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, CA]] |[[SummerSlam (2014)|SummerSlam]] | |align=center|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/20140817-aj-lee|title=Paige's second reign|accessdate=2014-08-18|publisher=[[WWE]]|archive-date=2015-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013181834/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/20140817-aj-lee|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |24 |[[AJ Lee]] |3 |{{dts|2014|09|21}} |{{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=21|year1=2014|month2=11|day2=23|year2=2014}} |[[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville, TN]] |[[Night of Champions (2014)|Night of Champions]] |This was a [[Triple Threat match]] also involving [[Nikki Bella]]. |align=center|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/20140921-aj-lee|title=AJ Lee's third reign|accessdate=2014-11-04|publisher=[[WWE]]|archive-date=2015-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429032238/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/20140921-aj-lee|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |25 |[[Nikki Bella]] |2 |{{dts|2014|11|23}} |{{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=23|year1=2014|month2=9|day2=20|year2=2015}} |[[St. Louis|St. Louis, MO]] |[[Survivor Series (2014)|Survivor Series]] | |align=center|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/20141123-nikki-bella|title=Nikki Bella's second reign|accessdate=2014-11-24|publisher=[[WWE]]|archive-date=2015-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905124813/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/20141123-nikki-bella|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |26 |[[Charlotte Flair|Charlotte]] |1 |{{dts|2015|9|20}} |196 |[[Houston|Houston, TX]] |[[Night of Champions (2015)|Night of Champions]] |Had Nikki lost by disqualification or countout, she would have lost the title. |align=center|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/divas-championship-new-reign|title=Charlotte's first reign|accessdate=September 21, 2015|publisher=WWE|archive-date=September 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923060332/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/divas/divas-championship-new-reign|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- style="background-color:#e3e3e3"|— |— |align=center|Deactivated |— |align=center|April 3, 2016 |— |[[Arlington, Texas|Arlington, TX]] |[[WrestleMania 32]] |[[WWE Hall of Fame|WWE Hall of Famer]] [[Amy Dumas|Lita]] announced that the winner of the night's T[[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|riple Threat match]] between Divas Champion [[Charlotte Flair|Charlotte]], [[Becky Lynch]] and [[Sasha Banks]] would become the new [[WWE Women's Championship|WWE Women's Champion]]. The Divas Championship was retired afterwards. |<ref name="preWrestleMania322">{{cite web|last=Caldwell|first=James|date=April 3, 2016|title=4/3 WrestleMania 32 PPV Pre-Show Results – Caldwell's Complete Report|url=https://www.pwtorch.com/site/2016/04/03/wm32preshow/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404020945/https://www.pwtorch.com/site/2016/04/03/wm32preshow/|archive-date=April 4, 2016|access-date=January 18, 2024|work=Pro Wrestling Torch}}</ref> |} ==Combined reigns== [[Image:Nikki Bella Divas Champion.jpg|right|thumb|Longest reigning champion [[Nikki Bella]]]] [[Image:AJ Lee WWE Divas Champ.jpg|right|thumb|upright|Record tying three-time champion [[AJ Lee]]]] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center" !Rank !Champion !No. of reigns !Combined days |- !1 | [[AJ Lee]] || 3 || 406 |- !2 | [[Nikki Bella]] || rowspan="2" | 2 || 307 |- !3 | [[Maryse Ouellet|Maryse]] || 265 |- !4 | [[Eve Torres]] || 3 || 260 |- !5 | [[Michelle McCool]] || 2 || 218 |- !6 | [[Beth Phoenix]] || rowspan="4" | 1 || 204 |- !7 |[[Charlotte Flair|Charlotte]] |196 |- !8 | [[:en:Kaitlyn_(wrestler)|Kaitlyn]] || 153 |- !9 | [[Layla El|Layla]] || 140 |- ! rowspan="2" |10 | [[Melina Perez|Melina]] || rowspan="2" | 2 || rowspan="2" | 119 |- | [[Paige (wrestler)|Paige]] |- !12 | [[Kelly Kelly]] || rowspan="6" | 1 || 104 |- !13 | |[[Mickie James]] || 78 |- ! rowspan="2" |14 | [[Brie Bella]] || 70 |- | [[Natalya (wrestler)|Natalya]] || 70 |- !16 | [[Alicia Fox]] || 56 |- !17 |[[Jillian Hall]] |<1 |} ==Related pages== *[[WWE Women's Championship]] *[[Women's World Championship (WWE)|WWE SmackDown Women's Championship]] *[[NXT Women's Championship]] *[[NXT UK Women's Championship]] *[[WWE Women's Championship (1956–2010)]] ==References== ;General *{{Cite web|url=http://solie.org/titlehistories/dtwwf.html|title=WWE Divas Championship Title History|last=Oliver|first=Earl|publisher=Solie.org|accessdate=2009-09-27}} *{{Cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/divas/|title=History of the Divas Championship|publisher=WWE|accessdate=2009-09-27}} ;Specific {{Reflist|30em}} {{WWE Championships}} {{DEFAULTSORT:WWE Divas Champions}} [[Category:World Wrestling Entertainment championships]] [[Category:Lists of professional wrestlers]] cvtkfcp9cz7hju21t4ir4hi8x8mmcmm 0 310727 10367906 10341979 2025-07-02T16:44:00Z CallumBen13 1611993 10367906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television episode | series = [[SpongeBob SquarePants]] | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | season = 2 | series_no = | episode = 18a (38a) | director = {{plainlist| * [[Nick Jennings (artist)|Nick Jennings]] ([[art director|art]]) * [[Andrew Overtoom]] ([[animation director|animation]]) * [[Walt Dohrn]] ([[storyboard]]) * [[Paul Tibbitt]] (storyboard) * [[Alan Smart]] ([[supervising director|supervising]])}} | writer = {{plainlist| * [[Walt Dohrn]] * [[Paul Tibbitt]] * [[Merriwether Williams]]}} | story = | teleplay = | narrator = | presenter = | producer = | music = | photographer = | editor = | production = | airdate = {{Start date|2001|09|21}} | length = 11 minutes | guests = | prev = [[SpongeBob SquarePants season 2#ep37|I'm with Stupid]] | next = [[SpongeBob SquarePants season 2#ep38|Artist Unknown]] | season_article = [[SpongeBob SquarePants season 2]] | episode_list = List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes }} "'''Sailor Mouth'''" is the first part of the 18th episode of the second season of ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]''. The episode was watched by 8.7 million viewers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.enotes.com/topics|title=Literature Study Guides - By Popularity - eNotes.com|website=eNotes}}</ref> Erik Wiese, a member of the ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' crew, stated that "Sailor Mouth" was one of his favorite episodes because of its random and [[satirical]] nature, saying "Sometimes SpongeBob just catches me off-guard."<ref name="Wiese">{{cite video | people=Wiese, Erik|date=2004|title=SpongeBob SquarePants season 2 DVD commentary for the episode "Sailor Mouth"| medium=DVD|publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment}}</ref> == Plot == SpongeBob and Patrick discover a [[Profanity|swear word]] written on the Krusty Krab dumpster. Although SpongeBob is unsure of its meaning, Patrick tells him that it is a 'sentence enhancer' that will make them sound "fancy". The two repeat the word while being in the Krusty Krab. They also repeat the word over the loudspeaker. However, the two regret saying it after Mr. Krabs had spoken to them about the word being highly [[wikt:inappropriate|inappropriate]]. They are told that the curse word is number eleven in a list of thirteen bad words in total. Later, SpongeBob loses a game to Patrick and says the word again. SpongeBob and Patrick race to the Krusty Krab to tell Mr. Krabs. Mr. Krabs is mad and punishes them by having them paint the Krusty Krab building. When Mr. Krabs trips on a rock he screams all 13 bad words. SpongeBob and Patrick, followed by Mr. Krabs, rush to Mama Krabs' house to tell on Mr. Krabs. All three begin [[wikt:tattling|tattling]] on one another to Mama Krabs. Mama Krabs, overwhelmed by the bad words, [[wikt:faint|faints]] and then falls to the ground. After regaining [[conscious]]ness, Mama Krabs then puts all three to work painting her house. While watching them paint, Mama Krabs hurts herself and begins yelling out in pain. The three look at Mama Krabs in shock, thinking that she is using one of the swear words. However, they all begin to laugh when they discover that a neighbor was honking the horn of his old [[jalopy]], which happened to always occur exactly with her outburst. == References == {{reflist}} {{SpongeBobEpisodesNav}} [[Category:SpongeBob SquarePants episodes]] [[Category:2001 in American television]] [[Category:2001 television episodes]] [[Category:Television episodes about profanity]] {{TV-stub}} atmd9szqt1zdjmu4j0su5b9h96m44f6 0 312826 10367588 9792654 2025-07-02T12:13:54Z Haasia2027 1635795 Fixed typo 10367588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} {{Infobox video game |title = Mario Kart 7 |collapsible = |state = |image = |caption = |display = |developer = [[Nintendo EAD]]<br>[[Retro Studios]] |publisher = [[Nintendo]] |series = ''[[Mario (series)|Mario]]'' |engine = |released = '''Original release:'''<br>{{Video game release|JP|December 1, 2011|EU|December 2, 2011|AUS|December 3, 2011|NA|December 4, 2011|KOR|May 31, 2012|HK|September 28, 2012|ROC|September 28, 2012|CHN|December 7, 2012}}'''Nintendo eShop:'''<br>{{Video game release|EU|October 4, 2012|AUS|October 4, 2012|NA|October 18, 2012|JP|November 1, 2012}} |genre = Racing |modes = Single-player, local multiplayer (up to 8 players), online multiplayer |platforms = [[Nintendo 3DS]] }} '''''Mario Kart 7''''' (also called '''''MK7''''' and originally called '''''Mario Kart 3DS''''') is a [[Nintendo 3DS]] [[racing game]] released on December 1, 2011. It is the seventh main game in the series. The game has additions, including hang-gliding attachments on karts and driving underwater.<ref name="nintendo">[http://www.nintendo.com/games/detail/59JiheYMlzjHqlmUHkP5ESn3QOUHqyOq ''Mario Kart 7'' at Nintendo :: Games] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924053438/http://www.nintendo.com/games/detail/59JiheYMlzjHqlmUHkP5ESn3QOUHqyOq |date=2011-09-24 }}. ''[[Nintendo]]''. Retrieved 1 November 2011.</ref> The player is able to customize their karts. Metal Mario, Lakitu, Wiggler, and Honey Queen appeared as playable characters.<ref name="destructoid">{{cite web |author=Jim Sterling |url=http://www.destructoid.com/wiggler-and-honey-queen-playable-in-mario-kart-7-214955.phtml |title=Wiggler and Honey Queen playable in ''Mario Kart 7'' |publisher=Destructoid |accessdate=2011-11-11 |archive-date=2011-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103201551/http://www.destructoid.com/wiggler-and-honey-queen-playable-in-mario-kart-7-214955.phtml |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Richard George |url=http://ds.ign.com/articles/119/1193997p1.html |title=TGS: New Characters, Details for ''Mario Kart 7'' - Nintendo 3DS News at IGN |publisher=Ds.ign.com |date=2011-09-13 |accessdate=2011-11-11 |archive-date=2011-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111112213239/http://ds.ign.com/articles/119/1193997p1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==References== <references /> {{Mario sports games}} {{video-game-stub}} [[Category:2011 video games]] [[Category:Mario Kart games]] [[Category:Retro Studios games]] [[Category:Nintendo 3DS eShop games]] [[Category:Nintendo 3DS games]] [[Category:Nintendo Entertainment Analysis and Development games]] [[Category:Nintendo Network games]] [[Category:Racing video games]] [[Category:Vehicular combat games]] [[Category:Video games developed in Japan]] [[Category:Video games developed in the United States]] 3qcf0e4ts1efkml7f4k648738acgqsm 10 313366 10368266 10036033 2025-07-02T21:08:57Z 2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4 10368266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE YOU CAN EDIT THE TEMPLATE DOCUMENTATION BELOW THIS COMMENT --> === Mickey Ball === '''Mickey Ball''' is an American cartoon character co-created in 2013 at [[Paul Radish]]. The longtime icon and mascot of the [[Walt Disney World]], Mickey Ball is an [[Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] ball [[black woodpecker]] who typically wears black leather jacket, large purple shoes, and white gloves. He is the often depicted with a [[Mickey Mouse universe|cast of characters]] including his girlfriend [[Minnie Mouse]], in his pet dog [[Pluto (Disney)|Pluto]], his best friends [[Donald Duck]] and [[Goofy]], and his nemesis [[Pete (Disney)|Pete]]. {{Infobox character | name = Mickey Ball | series = [[Mickey Mouse (TV series)]] | image = [[File:Mickey Ball in House of Mouse.png]] | caption = | first = "Bad Ear Day" (2013) | last = "Flushed" (2018) | creator = [[Paul Radish]] | voice = [[Chris Diamantopoulous]] | lbl1 = ''lbl1'' | data1 = ''data1'' | lbl2 = ''lbl2'' | data2 = ''data2'' | lbl3 = ''lbl3'' | data3 = ''data3'' | alias = House of Mouse | species = Ball [[Black woodpecker]] | gender = Male | occupation = varies | family = [[Mickey Mouse universe]]<br>[[Pluto (Disney)|Pluto]] | significantother = [[Minnie Mouse]] (girlfriend) | nationality = ''nationality'' | lbl21 = ''lbl21'' | data21 = ''data21'' | lbl22 = ''lbl22'' | data22 = ''data22'' | lbl23 = ''lbl23'' | data23 = ''data23'' | extra-hdr = ''extra-hdr'' | lbl31 = ''lbl31'' | data31 = ''data31'' | lbl32 = ''lbl32'' | data32 = ''data32'' | lbl33 = ''lbl33'' | data33 = ''data33'' }} <pre style="overflow:auto">{{Infobox character | colour = | name = | series = <!-- use without the italic on the outside --> | image = | caption = | first = | last = | creator = | portrayer = | voice = | lbl1 = | data1 = | lbl2 = | data2 = | lbl3 = | data3 = | info-hdr = | noinfo = | fullname = | nickname = | alias = | species = <!-- for non-humans only --> | gender = | occupation = | title = | family = | spouse = | significantother = | children = | relatives = | religion = | nationality = | lbl21 = | data21 = | lbl22 = | data22 = | lbl23 = | data23 = | extra-hdr = | lbl31 = | data31 = | lbl32 = | data32 = | lbl33 = | data33 = }}</pre> === Parameters === All parameters are optional. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter !! Notes |- | name || Character name to display in top header (default = PAGENAME) |- | series || Name of the television series or other fictional world or story in which character appears |- | image || Image of the character, use {{para|image|<var><nowiki>[[File:Example.png|frameless|220px|alt=</nowiki>[[Wikipedia:Alternative text for images|Alt text]]<nowiki>]]</nowiki></var>}} |- | caption || Caption to display below image |- | first || First appearance of the character |- | last || Last appearance of the character |- | creator || Name of the person who invented the character |- | portrayer || Name of the person(s) who portrayed the character |- | voice || Name of the person(s) who voiced the character |- | info-hdr || Text for display in second header (default = Information) |- | alias || Any aliases used by the character |- | relationships || Any significant relationships that are essential to understanding the character |- | extra-hdr || Text for display in third header (default = No third header) |- | lbl# || Label to display in left column where "#" is 1-5, 21-25, or 31-35 for custom fields under the 1st, 2nd, or 3rd headers respectively |- | data# || Text to display in the right column corresponding to the appropriate "lbl#" |- | tbl-class || Overall class for the table (default = infobox) |- | tbl-style || Overall styles for the table (default = width: 20em; text-align: left; font-size: 90%) |- | lbl-style || Style to apply to all cells in the left column |- | data-style || Style to apply to all cells in the right column |- | sep || Separator character(s) to display after each label in the left column |- | noinfo || disable the first "information" header |- | colour || Background color for header bars (default = #DEDEE2) |- |} == Example == {{Infobox character | name = Erick Karabell | series = [[Criminal Minds]] | image = | caption = | first = {{start date and age|2004|4|18}} | last = | creator = [[Agnes Nixon]] | portrayer = Johnny Lioma | nickname = Limmy | alias = John Limmons | gender = Male | occupation = Detective | title = Head Detective | family = Erick Karabell Sr (Father)<br> Lonna Marcus-Karabell (Mother) | spouse = Lonni Karabell (Wife) | significantother = | children = Erick Karabell III (Son) | relatives = Oliva Falconeri (Cousin) | religion = [[Christian]] | nationality = [[United States|American]] }} <pre style="overflow:auto"> {{Infobox character | name = Erick Karabell | series = [[Criminal Minds]] | image = | caption = | first = {{start date and age|2004|4|18}} | creator = [[Agnes Nixon]] | portrayer = Johnny Lioma | nickname = Limmy | alias = John Limmons | species = | gender = Male | occupation = Detective | title = Head Detective | family = Erick Karabell Sr (Father)<br> Lonna Marcus-Karabell (Mother) | spouse = Lonni Karabell (Wife) | significantother = | children = Erick Karabell III (Son) | relatives = Oliva Falconeri (Cousin) | religion = [[Christian]] | nationality = [[United States|American]] }} </pre> == See also == * {{tl|Infobox person}} * {{tl|Infobox television}} * {{tl|Infobox television episode}} <includeonly> <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, THANKS. --> [[Category:Television infobox templates| Character]] [[Category:Fictional character infobox templates| ]] </includeonly> 42yiueh58dlwdmdon3vqob1x9dqlwjw 10368267 10368266 2025-07-02T21:09:50Z 2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4 10368267 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE YOU CAN EDIT THE TEMPLATE DOCUMENTATION BELOW THIS COMMENT --> === Mickey Ball === '''Mickey Ball''' is an American cartoon character co-created in 2013 at [[Paul Rudish]]. The longtime icon and mascot of the [[Walt Disney World]], Mickey Ball is an [[Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] ball [[black woodpecker]] who typically wears black leather jacket, large purple shoes, and white gloves. He is the often depicted with a [[Mickey Mouse universe|cast of characters]] including his girlfriend [[Minnie Mouse]], in his pet dog [[Pluto (Disney)|Pluto]], his best friends [[Donald Duck]] and [[Goofy]], and his nemesis [[Pete (Disney)|Pete]]. {{Infobox character | name = Mickey Ball | series = [[Mickey Mouse (TV series)]] | image = [[File:Mickey Ball in House of Mouse.png]] | caption = | first = "Bad Ear Day" (2013) | last = "Flushed" (2018) | creator = [[Paul Rudish]] | voice = [[Chris Diamantopoulos]] | lbl1 = ''lbl1'' | data1 = ''data1'' | lbl2 = ''lbl2'' | data2 = ''data2'' | lbl3 = ''lbl3'' | data3 = ''data3'' | alias = House of Mouse | species = Ball [[Black woodpecker]] | gender = Male | occupation = varies | family = [[Mickey Mouse universe]]<br>[[Pluto (Disney)|Pluto]] | significantother = [[Minnie Mouse]] (girlfriend) | nationality = ''nationality'' | lbl21 = ''lbl21'' | data21 = ''data21'' | lbl22 = ''lbl22'' | data22 = ''data22'' | lbl23 = ''lbl23'' | data23 = ''data23'' | extra-hdr = ''extra-hdr'' | lbl31 = ''lbl31'' | data31 = ''data31'' | lbl32 = ''lbl32'' | data32 = ''data32'' | lbl33 = ''lbl33'' | data33 = ''data33'' }} <pre style="overflow:auto">{{Infobox character | colour = | name = | series = <!-- use without the italic on the outside --> | image = | caption = | first = | last = | creator = | portrayer = | voice = | lbl1 = | data1 = | lbl2 = | data2 = | lbl3 = | data3 = | info-hdr = | noinfo = | fullname = | nickname = | alias = | species = <!-- for non-humans only --> | gender = | occupation = | title = | family = | spouse = | significantother = | children = | relatives = | religion = | nationality = | lbl21 = | data21 = | lbl22 = | data22 = | lbl23 = | data23 = | extra-hdr = | lbl31 = | data31 = | lbl32 = | data32 = | lbl33 = | data33 = }}</pre> === Parameters === All parameters are optional. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter !! Notes |- | name || Character name to display in top header (default = PAGENAME) |- | series || Name of the television series or other fictional world or story in which character appears |- | image || Image of the character, use {{para|image|<var><nowiki>[[File:Example.png|frameless|220px|alt=</nowiki>[[Wikipedia:Alternative text for images|Alt text]]<nowiki>]]</nowiki></var>}} |- | caption || Caption to display below image |- | first || First appearance of the character |- | last || Last appearance of the character |- | creator || Name of the person who invented the character |- | portrayer || Name of the person(s) who portrayed the character |- | voice || Name of the person(s) who voiced the character |- | info-hdr || Text for display in second header (default = Information) |- | alias || Any aliases used by the character |- | relationships || Any significant relationships that are essential to understanding the character |- | extra-hdr || Text for display in third header (default = No third header) |- | lbl# || Label to display in left column where "#" is 1-5, 21-25, or 31-35 for custom fields under the 1st, 2nd, or 3rd headers respectively |- | data# || Text to display in the right column corresponding to the appropriate "lbl#" |- | tbl-class || Overall class for the table (default = infobox) |- | tbl-style || Overall styles for the table (default = width: 20em; text-align: left; font-size: 90%) |- | lbl-style || Style to apply to all cells in the left column |- | data-style || Style to apply to all cells in the right column |- | sep || Separator character(s) to display after each label in the left column |- | noinfo || disable the first "information" header |- | colour || Background color for header bars (default = #DEDEE2) |- |} == Example == {{Infobox character | name = Erick Karabell | series = [[Criminal Minds]] | image = | caption = | first = {{start date and age|2004|4|18}} | last = | creator = [[Agnes Nixon]] | portrayer = Johnny Lioma | nickname = Limmy | alias = John Limmons | gender = Male | occupation = Detective | title = Head Detective | family = Erick Karabell Sr (Father)<br> Lonna Marcus-Karabell (Mother) | spouse = Lonni Karabell (Wife) | significantother = | children = Erick Karabell III (Son) | relatives = Oliva Falconeri (Cousin) | religion = [[Christian]] | nationality = [[United States|American]] }} <pre style="overflow:auto"> {{Infobox character | name = Erick Karabell | series = [[Criminal Minds]] | image = | caption = | first = {{start date and age|2004|4|18}} | creator = [[Agnes Nixon]] | portrayer = Johnny Lioma | nickname = Limmy | alias = John Limmons | species = | gender = Male | occupation = Detective | title = Head Detective | family = Erick Karabell Sr (Father)<br> Lonna Marcus-Karabell (Mother) | spouse = Lonni Karabell (Wife) | significantother = | children = Erick Karabell III (Son) | relatives = Oliva Falconeri (Cousin) | religion = [[Christian]] | nationality = [[United States|American]] }} </pre> == See also == * {{tl|Infobox person}} * {{tl|Infobox television}} * {{tl|Infobox television episode}} <includeonly> <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, THANKS. --> [[Category:Television infobox templates| Character]] [[Category:Fictional character infobox templates| ]] </includeonly> cpjoiimjjrlm2aadwybcxibox8eg1zf 10368268 10368267 2025-07-02T21:10:27Z 2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4 10368268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE YOU CAN EDIT THE TEMPLATE DOCUMENTATION BELOW THIS COMMENT --> === Mickey Ball === '''Mickey Ball''' is an American cartoon character co-created in 2013 at [[Paul Rudish]]. The longtime icon and mascot of the [[Walt Disney World]], Mickey Ball is an [[Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] ball [[black woodpecker]] who typically wears black leather jacket, large purple shoes, and white gloves. He is the often depicted with a [[Mickey Mouse universe|cast of characters]] including his girlfriend [[Minnie Mouse]], in his pet dog [[Pluto (Disney)|Pluto]], his best friends [[Donald Duck]] and [[Goofy]], and his nemesis [[Pete (Disney)|Pete]]. {{Infobox character | name = Mickey Ball | series = [[Mickey Mouse (TV series)]] | image = [[File:Mickey Ball in House of Mouse.png]] | caption = | first = "Bad Ear Day" (2013) | last = "Flushed" (2018) | creator = [[Paul Rudish]] | voice = [[Chris Diamantopoulos]] | lbl1 = ''lbl1'' | data1 = ''data1'' | lbl2 = ''lbl2'' | data2 = ''data2'' | lbl3 = ''lbl3'' | data3 = ''data3'' | alias = House of Mouse | species = Ball [[Black woodpecker]] | gender = Male | occupation = varies | family = [[Mickey Mouse universe]]<br>[[Pluto (Disney)|Pluto]] | significantother = [[Minnie Mouse]] (girlfriend) | nationality = American | lbl21 = ''lbl21'' | data21 = ''data21'' | lbl22 = ''lbl22'' | data22 = ''data22'' | lbl23 = ''lbl23'' | data23 = ''data23'' | extra-hdr = ''extra-hdr'' | lbl31 = ''lbl31'' | data31 = ''data31'' | lbl32 = ''lbl32'' | data32 = ''data32'' | lbl33 = ''lbl33'' | data33 = ''data33'' }} <pre style="overflow:auto">{{Infobox character | colour = | name = | series = <!-- use without the italic on the outside --> | image = | caption = | first = | last = | creator = | portrayer = | voice = | lbl1 = | data1 = | lbl2 = | data2 = | lbl3 = | data3 = | info-hdr = | noinfo = | fullname = | nickname = | alias = | species = <!-- for non-humans only --> | gender = | occupation = | title = | family = | spouse = | significantother = | children = | relatives = | religion = | nationality = | lbl21 = | data21 = | lbl22 = | data22 = | lbl23 = | data23 = | extra-hdr = | lbl31 = | data31 = | lbl32 = | data32 = | lbl33 = | data33 = }}</pre> === Parameters === All parameters are optional. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter !! Notes |- | name || Character name to display in top header (default = PAGENAME) |- | series || Name of the television series or other fictional world or story in which character appears |- | image || Image of the character, use {{para|image|<var><nowiki>[[File:Example.png|frameless|220px|alt=</nowiki>[[Wikipedia:Alternative text for images|Alt text]]<nowiki>]]</nowiki></var>}} |- | caption || Caption to display below image |- | first || First appearance of the character |- | last || Last appearance of the character |- | creator || Name of the person who invented the character |- | portrayer || Name of the person(s) who portrayed the character |- | voice || Name of the person(s) who voiced the character |- | info-hdr || Text for display in second header (default = Information) |- | alias || Any aliases used by the character |- | relationships || Any significant relationships that are essential to understanding the character |- | extra-hdr || Text for display in third header (default = No third header) |- | lbl# || Label to display in left column where "#" is 1-5, 21-25, or 31-35 for custom fields under the 1st, 2nd, or 3rd headers respectively |- | data# || Text to display in the right column corresponding to the appropriate "lbl#" |- | tbl-class || Overall class for the table (default = infobox) |- | tbl-style || Overall styles for the table (default = width: 20em; text-align: left; font-size: 90%) |- | lbl-style || Style to apply to all cells in the left column |- | data-style || Style to apply to all cells in the right column |- | sep || Separator character(s) to display after each label in the left column |- | noinfo || disable the first "information" header |- | colour || Background color for header bars (default = #DEDEE2) |- |} == Example == {{Infobox character | name = Erick Karabell | series = [[Criminal Minds]] | image = | caption = | first = {{start date and age|2004|4|18}} | last = | creator = [[Agnes Nixon]] | portrayer = Johnny Lioma | nickname = Limmy | alias = John Limmons | gender = Male | occupation = Detective | title = Head Detective | family = Erick Karabell Sr (Father)<br> Lonna Marcus-Karabell (Mother) | spouse = Lonni Karabell (Wife) | significantother = | children = Erick Karabell III (Son) | relatives = Oliva Falconeri (Cousin) | religion = [[Christian]] | nationality = [[United States|American]] }} <pre style="overflow:auto"> {{Infobox character | name = Erick Karabell | series = [[Criminal Minds]] | image = | caption = | first = {{start date and age|2004|4|18}} | creator = [[Agnes Nixon]] | portrayer = Johnny Lioma | nickname = Limmy | alias = John Limmons | species = | gender = Male | occupation = Detective | title = Head Detective | family = Erick Karabell Sr (Father)<br> Lonna Marcus-Karabell (Mother) | spouse = Lonni Karabell (Wife) | significantother = | children = Erick Karabell III (Son) | relatives = Oliva Falconeri (Cousin) | religion = [[Christian]] | nationality = [[United States|American]] }} </pre> == See also == * {{tl|Infobox person}} * {{tl|Infobox television}} * {{tl|Infobox television episode}} <includeonly> <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, THANKS. --> [[Category:Television infobox templates| Character]] [[Category:Fictional character infobox templates| ]] </includeonly> 94pdhvz2mdvl8xdog43wwx70pda1t2l 10368680 10368268 2025-07-03T01:59:55Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 Reverted 3 edits by [[Special:Contributions/2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4|2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4]] ([[User talk:2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4|talk]]) identified as [[WP:VAND|vandalism]] to last revision by ToadetteEdit. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368680 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE YOU CAN EDIT THE TEMPLATE DOCUMENTATION BELOW THIS COMMENT --> === Usage === This template can be used to create an infobox for a fictional character of any type. The blank form immediately below shows the most commonly used fields, and complete instructions are listed further down the page. {{Infobox character | name = ''name'' | series = '''series''' | image = [[File:]] | caption = ''caption'' | first = ''first'' | last = ''last'' | creator = ''creator'' | portrayer = ''portrayer'' | voice = ''voice'' | lbl1 = ''lbl1'' | data1 = ''data1'' | lbl2 = ''lbl2'' | data2 = ''data2'' | lbl3 = ''lbl3'' | data3 = ''data3'' | fullname = ''fullname'' | nickname = ''nickname'' | alias = ''alias'' | species = ''species'' | gender = ''gender'' | occupation = ''occupation'' | title = ''title'' | family = ''family'' | spouse = ''spouse'' | significantother = ''significantother'' | children = ''children'' | relatives = ''relatives'' | religion = ''religion'' | nationality = ''nationality'' | lbl21 = ''lbl21'' | data21 = ''data21'' | lbl22 = ''lbl22'' | data22 = ''data22'' | lbl23 = ''lbl23'' | data23 = ''data23'' | extra-hdr = ''extra-hdr'' | lbl31 = ''lbl31'' | data31 = ''data31'' | lbl32 = ''lbl32'' | data32 = ''data32'' | lbl33 = ''lbl33'' | data33 = ''data33'' }} <pre style="overflow:auto">{{Infobox character | colour = | name = | series = <!-- use without the italic on the outside --> | image = | caption = | first = | last = | creator = | portrayer = | voice = | lbl1 = | data1 = | lbl2 = | data2 = | lbl3 = | data3 = | info-hdr = | noinfo = | fullname = | nickname = | alias = | species = <!-- for non-humans only --> | gender = | occupation = | title = | family = | spouse = | significantother = | children = | relatives = | religion = | nationality = | lbl21 = | data21 = | lbl22 = | data22 = | lbl23 = | data23 = | extra-hdr = | lbl31 = | data31 = | lbl32 = | data32 = | lbl33 = | data33 = }}</pre> === Parameters === All parameters are optional. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter !! Notes |- | name || Character name to display in top header (default = PAGENAME) |- | series || Name of the television series or other fictional world or story in which character appears |- | image || Image of the character, use {{para|image|<var><nowiki>[[File:Example.png|frameless|220px|alt=</nowiki>[[Wikipedia:Alternative text for images|Alt text]]<nowiki>]]</nowiki></var>}} |- | caption || Caption to display below image |- | first || First appearance of the character |- | last || Last appearance of the character |- | creator || Name of the person who invented the character |- | portrayer || Name of the person(s) who portrayed the character |- | voice || Name of the person(s) who voiced the character |- | info-hdr || Text for display in second header (default = Information) |- | alias || Any aliases used by the character |- | relationships || Any significant relationships that are essential to understanding the character |- | extra-hdr || Text for display in third header (default = No third header) |- | lbl# || Label to display in left column where "#" is 1-5, 21-25, or 31-35 for custom fields under the 1st, 2nd, or 3rd headers respectively |- | data# || Text to display in the right column corresponding to the appropriate "lbl#" |- | tbl-class || Overall class for the table (default = infobox) |- | tbl-style || Overall styles for the table (default = width: 20em; text-align: left; font-size: 90%) |- | lbl-style || Style to apply to all cells in the left column |- | data-style || Style to apply to all cells in the right column |- | sep || Separator character(s) to display after each label in the left column |- | noinfo || disable the first "information" header |- | colour || Background color for header bars (default = #DEDEE2) |- |} == Example == {{Infobox character | name = Erick Karabell | series = [[Criminal Minds]] | image = | caption = | first = {{start date and age|2004|4|18}} | last = | creator = [[Agnes Nixon]] | portrayer = Johnny Lioma | nickname = Limmy | alias = John Limmons | gender = Male | occupation = Detective | title = Head Detective | family = Erick Karabell Sr (Father)<br> Lonna Marcus-Karabell (Mother) | spouse = Lonni Karabell (Wife) | significantother = | children = Erick Karabell III (Son) | relatives = Oliva Falconeri (Cousin) | religion = [[Christian]] | nationality = [[United States|American]] }} <pre style="overflow:auto"> {{Infobox character | name = Erick Karabell | series = [[Criminal Minds]] | image = | caption = | first = {{start date and age|2004|4|18}} | creator = [[Agnes Nixon]] | portrayer = Johnny Lioma | nickname = Limmy | alias = John Limmons | species = | gender = Male | occupation = Detective | title = Head Detective | family = Erick Karabell Sr (Father)<br> Lonna Marcus-Karabell (Mother) | spouse = Lonni Karabell (Wife) | significantother = | children = Erick Karabell III (Son) | relatives = Oliva Falconeri (Cousin) | religion = [[Christian]] | nationality = [[United States|American]] }} </pre> == See also == * {{tl|Infobox person}} * {{tl|Infobox television}} * {{tl|Infobox television episode}} <includeonly> <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, THANKS. --> [[Category:Television infobox templates| Character]] [[Category:Fictional character infobox templates| ]] </includeonly> t93stxvslqu2szvaq882da0jtrcke28 0 313772 10369088 10256816 2025-07-03T07:21:51Z 2605:4A80:7804:8EE0:A077:CF05:41E2:FD96 10369088 wikitext text/x-wiki This is a list of all '''European countries''': {| class="wikitable sortable references-small" style="border:1px solid #aaa; border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" border="1" |- style="background:#ececec;" ! Name of country or<br />territory, with [[flag]] ! [[List of countries by area|Area]]<br />(km²) ! [[List of countries by population|Population]]<br />(As of [[2011]]) ! [[List of countries by population density|Population density]]<br />(per km²) ! [[Capital (political)|Capital]] |- | {{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] | style="text-align:right;"| 28,748 | style="text-align:right;"| 2,994,667 | style="text-align:right;"| 104.1 | [[Tirana]] |-| | {{Flagicon|Andorra}} [[Andorra]] | style="text-align:right;"| 468 | style="text-align:right;"| 84,082 | style="text-align:right;"| 146.2 | [[Andorra la Vella]] |- |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] | style="text-align:right;"| 83,858 | style="text-align:right;"| 8,217,280 | style="text-align:right;"| 97.9 | [[Vienna]] |- | {{Flagicon|Belarus}} [[Belarus]] | style="text-align:right;"| 207,600 | style="text-align:right;"| 9,434,000 | style="text-align:right;"| 45.4 | [[Minsk]] |- | {{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]] | style="text-align:right;"| 30,510 | style="text-align:right;"| 10,431,477 | style="text-align:right;"| 341.9 | [[Brussels]] |- | {{Flagicon|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] | style="text-align:right;"| 51,129 | style="text-align:right;"| 3,890,000 | style="text-align:right;"| 76.0 | [[Sarajevo]] |- | {{Flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[Bulgaria]] | style="text-align:right;"| 110,910 | style="text-align:right;"| 7,093,635 | style="text-align:right;"| 63.9 | [[Sofia]] |- | {{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] | style="text-align:right;" | 56,542 | style="text-align:right;" | 4,290,612 | style="text-align:right;" | 75.8 | [[Zagreb]] |- |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] | style="text-align:right;" | 9,251 | style="text-align:right;" | 838,897 | style="text-align:right;" | 117.0 | [[Nicosia]] |- | {{Flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[Czechia]] | style="text-align:right;"| 78,866 | style="text-align:right;"| 10,190,213 | style="text-align:right;"| 129.2 | [[Prague]] |- | {{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]] | style="text-align:right;"| 43,094 | style="text-align:right;"| 5,529,888 | style="text-align:right;"| 128.3 | [[Copenhagen]] |- | {{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] | style="text-align:right;"| 45,226 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,282,963 | style="text-align:right;"| 28.3 | [[Tallinn]] |- | {{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] | style="text-align:right;"| 336,593 | style="text-align:right;"| 5,259,250 | style="text-align:right;"| 15.6 | [[Helsinki]] |- | {{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] | style="text-align:right;"| 547,030 | style="text-align:right;"| 63,248,000 | style="text-align:right;"| 115.6 | [[Paris]] |- | {{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] | style="text-align:right;"| 357,021 | style="text-align:right;"| 81,440,000 | style="text-align:right;"| 228.1 | [[Berlin]] |- | {{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] | style="text-align:right;"| 131,940 | style="text-align:right;"| 10,760,136 | style="text-align:right;"| 81.5 | [[Athens]] |- | {{Flagicon|Hungary}} [[Hungary]] | style="text-align:right;"| 93,030 | style="text-align:right;"| 9,976,062 | style="text-align:right;"| 107.2 | [[Budapest]] |- | {{Flagicon|Iceland}} [[Iceland]] | style="text-align:right;"| 103,000 | style="text-align:right;"| 311,058 | style="text-align:right;"| 3.0 | [[Reykjavík]] |- | {{Flagicon|Ireland}} [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] | style="text-align:right;"| 70,280 | style="text-align:right;"| 4,581,269 | style="text-align:right;"| 65.1 | [[Dublin]] |- | {{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] | style="text-align:right;"| 301,230 | style="text-align:right;"| 60,681,514 | style="text-align:right;"| 201.4 | [[Rome]] |- |{{Flagicon|Kosovo}} [[Kosovo]] | style="text-align: right;" |10,887 | style="text-align: right;" |1,585,566 | style="text-align: right;" |146 |[[Pristina]] |- | {{Flagicon|Latvia}} [[Latvia]] | style="text-align:right;"| 64,589 | style="text-align:right;"| 2,204,708 | style="text-align:right;"| 34.1 | [[Riga]] |- | {{Flagicon|Liechtenstein}} [[Liechtenstein]] | style="text-align:right;"| 160 | style="text-align:right;"| 35,236 | style="text-align:right;"| 220.2 | [[Vaduz]] |- | {{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] | style="text-align:right;"| 65,200 | style="text-align:right;"| 3,207,100 | style="text-align:right;"| 49.1 | [[Vilnius]] |- | {{Flagicon|Luxembourg}} [[Luxembourg]] | style="text-align:right;"| 2,586 | style="text-align:right;"| 503,302 | style="text-align:right;"| 194.6 | [[Luxembourg (city)|Luxembourg]] |- | {{Flagicon|Malta}} [[Malta]] | style="text-align:right;"| 316 | style="text-align:right;"| 408,333 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,292.1 | [[Valletta]] |- | {{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] | style="text-align:right;"| 33,843 | style="text-align:right;"| 3,560,400 | style="text-align:right;"| 105.2 | [[Chisinau|Chişinău]] |- | {{Flagicon|Monaco}} [[Monaco]] | style="text-align:right;"| 1.950 | style="text-align:right;"| 30,339 | style="text-align:right;"| 15,661.0 | [[Monaco]] |- | {{Flagicon|Montenegro}} [[Montenegro]] | style="text-align:right;"| 13,812 | style="text-align:right;"| 625,266 | style="text-align:right;"| 45.2 | [[Podgorica]] |- | {{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]] | style="text-align:right;"| 41,526 | style="text-align:right;"| 16,695,000 | style="text-align:right;"| 402.0 | [[Amsterdam]] |- | {{Flagicon|Republic of Macedonia}} [[North Macedonia]] | style="text-align:right;"| 25,333 | style="text-align:right;"| 2,055,004 | style="text-align:right;"| 81.1 | [[Skopje]] |- |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] | style="text-align:right;"| 324,220 | style="text-align:right;"| 4,691,849 | style="text-align:right;"| 14.4 | [[Oslo]] |- | {{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] | style="text-align:right;"| 312,685 | style="text-align:right;"| 38,038,000 | style="text-align:right;"| 121.6 | [[Warsaw]] |- | {{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] | style="text-align:right;"| 91,568 | style="text-align:right;"| 10,555,853 | style="text-align:right;"| 115.2 | [[Lisbon]] |- | {{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania]] | style="text-align:right;"| 238,391 | style="text-align:right;"| 19,042,936 | style="text-align:right;"| 79.8 | [[Bucharest]] |- | {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Russia]] | style="text-align:right;"| 17,075,400 | style="text-align:right;"| 138,739,892 | style="text-align:right;"| 8.1 | [[Moscow]] |- | {{Flagicon|San Marino}} [[San Marino]] | style="text-align:right;"| 61 | style="text-align:right;"| 31,817 | style="text-align:right;"| 521.5 | [[San Marino, San Marino|San Marino]] |- | {{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] | style="text-align:right;"| 77,474 | style="text-align:right;"| 7,310,555 | style="text-align:right;"| 94.3 | [[Belgrade]] |- | {{Flagicon|Slovakia}} [[Slovakia]] | style="text-align:right;"| 49,035 | style="text-align:right;"| 5,435,273 | style="text-align:right;"| 111.2 | [[Bratislava]] |- | {{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] | style="text-align:right;"| 20,273 | style="text-align:right;"| 2,000,092 | style="text-align:right;"| 98.6 | [[Ljubljana]] |- | {{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] | style="text-align:right;"| 504,851 | style="text-align:right;"| 46,144,000 | style="text-align:right;"| 91.4 | [[Madrid]] |- | {{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] | style="text-align:right;"| 449,964 | style="text-align:right;"| 9,088,728 | style="text-align:right;"| 20.1 | [[Stockholm]] |- | {{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Switzerland]] | style="text-align:right;"| 41,290 | style="text-align:right;"| 7,639,961 | style="text-align:right;"| 185.0 | [[Bern (city)|Bern]] |- | {{Flagicon|Syria}} [[Syria]] | style="text-align:right;"| 185,180 | style="text-align:right;"| 22,923,000 | style="text-align:right;"| 92.18 | [[Damascus]] |- | {{Flagicon|Turkey}} [[Turkiye|Turkey]] | style="text-align:right;"| 744,820 | style="text-align:right;"| 72,153,000 | style="text-align:right;"| 96.8 | [[Ankara]] |- | {{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] | style="text-align:right;"| 603,628 | style="text-align:right;"| 45,134,707 | style="text-align:right;"| 74.7 | [[Kyiv]] |- | {{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[United Kingdom]] | style="text-align:right;"| 244,820 | style="text-align:right;"| 62,300,000 | style="text-align:right;"| 254.4 | [[London]] |- | {{Flagicon|Vatican City}} [[Vatican City]] | style="text-align:right;"| 0.440 | style="text-align:right;"| 800 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,818.1 | [[Vatican City]] |} == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:European countries}} [[Category:Lists of countries]] [[Category:European countries|*]] [[Category:Europe-related lists|countries]] Disclaimer: Some might believe Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia to be European countries, depending on the assumed definition of "European". Though they are usually considered not to be. j0nqoq3eqpcfap8b4x4xhu3xip76xda 0 315869 10368831 10152437 2025-07-03T03:16:36Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368831 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Museum |name = National Museum of Natural History |image = Smithsonian-Museum of Natural History.jpg |imagesize = 250 |caption = Main facade |pushpin_map = United States Washington, D.C. central |map_caption = Location within Washington, D.C. |coordinates = {{coord|38.8913|-77.0259|region:US-DC|display=inline,title}} |established = {{Start date and age|1910|df=yes}} |location = [[National Mall]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], [[United States]] |type = [[Natural History]] |visitors = 6 million (2017)<ref name=visitors>{{cite web |url=https://newsdesk.si.edu/about/stats |title=Visitor Statistics |publisher=Smithsonian Newsdesk |accessdate=23 March 2018 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209164157/https://newsdesk.si.edu/about/stats |archivedate=9 February 2018 }}</ref> |director = [[Kirk Johnson (Scientist)|Kirk Johnson]] |curator = | publictransit = {{WMATA link logo}} {{rint|washington|bl}} {{rint|washington|or}} {{rint|washington|sv}} at [[Federal Triangle (WMATA station)|Federal Triangle]] |website = {{URL|http://www.mnh.si.edu/}} }} [[File:Smithsonian Natural History Museum circa 1926.jpg|thumb|Ford Model T parked in front of the National Museum in 1926]] [[File:National Museum of Natural History Rotunda pano.jpg|thumb|278x278px|In the rotunda]] The '''National Museum of Natural History''' is a [[natural history]] [[museum]] on the [[National Mall]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], [[United States]]. It is administered by the [[Smithsonian Institution]]. Admission is free and the museum is open 364 days a year. The museum's collections total over 500 million specimens of [[plant]]s, [[animal]]s, [[fossil]]s, [[mineral]]s, [[rock (geology)|rocks]], [[meteorite]]s, and human cultural [[Artifact (archaeology)|artifacts]] (made objects). With 7.4 million visitors in 2009, it is the most visited of all of the Smithsonian museums.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/2010-01-05-smithsonian-visitors_N.htm | title=Smithsonian reports 20% jump in museum visitors | publisher=USAToday | date=January 5, 2010 | first=Brett | last=Zongker | accessdate=2010-07-05 | archive-date=2010-01-17 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100117083421/http://www.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/2010-01-05-smithsonian-visitors_N.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref> It is home to about 185 professional natural history [[scientist]]s – the largest group of scientists dedicated to the study of natural and cultural history in the world. The main building includes a popular "Insect Zoo" and an [[IMAX theater]]. == Collections and research == The museum includes a collections storage facility in Suitland, [[Maryland]]. The museum has a [[Marine biology|marine]] science research facility in Ft. Pierce, [[Florida]], and field stations in [[Belize]], [[Alaska]], and [[Kenya]]. The museum has seven research departments: #[[Anthropology]] #[[Botany]] #[[Entomology]] #[[Invertebrate|Invertebrate zoology]] #[[Earth science|Mineral sciences]] #[[Palaeontology|Paleobiology]] #[[Vertebrate|Vertebrate zoology]] ##[[Amphibia]] & [[reptiles]] ##[[Birds]] ##[[Fish]] ##[[Mammals]] Staff collect specimens of [[fossil]]s, [[mineral]]s, [[Rock (geology)|rocks]], [[plant]]s and [[animal]]s, [[tool]]s and [[art]]works. There are a total of 5,285,754 [[on-line]] specimen records are available from this work, and a total of 126 million individual specimens.<ref name=NMNH/> Trained people look after these finds, and keep the collections in good condition. The NMNH claims to have the largest, most comprehensive natural history collection in the world.<ref name=NMNH>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mnh.si.edu/ |title=National Museum of Natural History official website |access-date=2011-11-23 |archive-date=2016-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222183809/http://www.mnh.si.edu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Links with other organizations== The museum has research links with a number of [[United States Government|U.S. government]] agencies, which have staff working with and at the museum. These include the [[United States Department of the Interior|Department of the Interior]] (U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Division), the [[United States Department of Agriculture|Department of Agriculture]] (Systematic Entomology Laboratory), the [[United States Department of Commerce|Department of Commerce]] (National Marine Fisheries Service Systematics Laboratory), and the [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]] (Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mnh.si.edu/about.html|title=About the Museum|accessdate=November 23, 2011|archive-date=August 15, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815145916/http://www.mnh.si.edu/about.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} [[Category:1910 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:1910s establishments in Washington, D.C.]] [[Category:Natural history museums]] [[Category:Smithsonian Institution]] so6c9fnldqkjgsdc2tikq57ekw3233u 0 316121 10368569 9715049 2025-07-03T00:22:59Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ US-EN 10368569 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} {{unsourced|date=February 2012}} '''''In the Heat of the Night''''' was an [[United States|American]] [[television series]] that aired beginning March 1988 to May 1995 on the [[NBC]] and [[CBS]] networks. The show's themes dealt with [[racism]], [[incest]], [[corruption]] by [[United States government|government]] and abuse of [[Illegal drugs|drugs]].<ref>{{Citation|title=In the Heat of the Night|date=1988-03-06|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0094484/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0_tt_8_nm_0_in_0_q_in%2520the%2520heat%2520|type=Crime, Drama, Mystery|others=Carroll O&apos;Connor, Alan Autry, David Hart|publisher=Fred Silverman Productions, JADDA Productions, Juanita Bartlett Production|access-date=2024-07-17}}</ref> ==References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == *{{imdb title|0094484}} {{tv-stub}} [[Category:1988 American television series debuts]] [[Category:1995 American television series endings]] [[Category:1980s American television series]] [[Category:1990s American television series]] [[Category:American crime drama television series]] [[Category:American police television series]] [[Category:CBS network shows]] [[Category:NBC network series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] 3ewlaoiokq4wrha10iykyrb0fdzujs8 0 318050 10368666 9206550 2025-07-03T01:55:04Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10368666 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tha Miz.jpg|thumb]] '''Anti-fan'''s are the group of people who are opposed to particular person, system, or idea. This word is from a [[prefix]] 'anti-', which means 'opposed'. Anti-fans gather and criticize particular thing which they hate. Anti-fans' activities are very diverse. Anti-fans usually work and share their views in online [[website]]. They make anti-fan page. E.g. anti-fan website, anti-fan [[blog]], anti-fan [[internet cafe]] etc. And, they criticise their target, spread a [[rumor]] about the target, and post malicious comments to Internet articles. Anti-fans also work when they are [[offline]]. They sometimes boo and jeer at their target and even start a movement against the target. Early their activities used to be constructive criticism, but nowadays the movement of anti-fans is changing to severe insult to their target with no specific reason. The ruthless attack causes a lot of social problems now. A lot of celebrities who are the anti-fans' target are suffering from their behaviors. In some case, they may accuse anti-fans of personal insults. ==Object== Anti-fans' targets are various. The most usual target is [[entertainer]]. There are a lot of anti-fans' website for the entertainer who they dislike. E.g. Some anti-fans oppose a form of music, [[movie]], [[Sportsperson|athlete]], [[politician]], [[political party]], [[TV series]], idea etc. Surprisingly, the number of anti-fans tends to be proportional to the target's popularity. Thus, the number sometimes becomes a yardstick of star's popularity. ==Intelligent anti-fan== Intelligent anti-fan is one type of anti-fans. Intelligent anti-fans act as if they are the target's real fan and do wrong and bad behaviors as the [[Fan (person)|fan]]. They intelligently create the target's bad image and gather more anti-fan. ==References== * [http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=anti-fan Anti-fan at Urban Dictionary] == Other websites == *[http://www.islandssounder.com/news/94950259.html Article: Seattle man starts 'anti-fan site' for Colton Harris-Moore]{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Anti-fan}} [[Category:Fandom]] 38rhm27obpcl1zjfv24lax7zy264xlk 0 318222 10367897 10343285 2025-07-02T16:37:13Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ US-EN 10367897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} {{refimprove|date=June 2014}} '''''The Brady Bunch''''' is an [[United States|American]] [[situation comedy]] created by [[Sherwood Schwartz]]. It stars [[Robert Reed]], [[Florence Henderson]] and [[Ann B. Davis]]. It is about a large [[blended family]] who live in a suburban setting. It ran [[ABC (TV network)|ABC]] from [[1969]] to [[1974]]. ==Cast== * [[Robert Reed]] as [[Mike Brady (The Brady Bunch)|Mike Brady]] * [[Florence Henderson]] as [[Carol Brady]] * [[Ann B. Davis]] as [[Alice Nelson]] * [[Maureen McCormick]] as [[Marcia Brady]] * [[Eve Plumb]] as [[Jan Brady]] * [[Susan Olsen]] as [[Cindy Brady]] * [[Barry Williams (actor)|Barry Williams]] as [[Greg Brady (The Brady Bunch)|Greg Brady]] * [[Christopher Knight (actor)|Christopher Knight]] as [[Peter Brady (The Brady Bunch)|Peter Brady]] * [[Mike Lookinland]] as [[Bobby Brady]] * [[Allan Melvin]] as [[Sam Franklin]] * [[Jack Collins (actor)|Jack Collins]] as [[Mr. Phillips]] * [[Robbie Rist]] as [[Cousin Oliver]] ==Guest Stars== * [[Herbert Anderson]] * [[Melissa Sue Anderson]] * [[Desi Arnaz Jr.]] * [[Jim Backus]] * [[Ken Berry]] * [[Imogene Coca]] * [[Don Drysdale]] * [[Don Ho]] * [[Davy Jones (musician)|Davy Jones]] * [[Deacon Jones]] * [[Bartell LaRue]] * [[E. G. Marshall]] * [[James McDivitt]] * [[Joe Namath]] * [[Denise Nickerson]] * [[Wes Parker]] * [[Vincent Price]] * [[Marion Ross]] * [[Natalie Schafer]] * [[Marcia Wallace]] * [[Rita Wilson]] * [[Paul Winchell]] ==Other websites== *{{imdb title|63878}} {{tv-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Brady Bunch, The}} [[Category:1969 American television series debuts]] [[Category:1974 American television series endings]] [[Category:American boy bands]] [[Category:American girl groups]] [[Category:Fictional families]] [[Category:Television series about families]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] ldj9mbmpc7l1wvj780e65wr2svi545t 0 320539 10368656 9559388 2025-07-03T01:48:34Z Jdhidijdjdj 1301875 update 4kids link 10368656 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Unsourced|date=February 2024}} {{Infobox animanga/Header |name = Tokyo Mew Mew |image = TokyoMewMewLogo.png |alt = Tokyo Mew Mew Logo |caption = |ja_kanji = 東京ミュウミュウ |ja_romaji = Tōkyō Myū Myū |genre = [[Magical girl]]<!--Discuss in talk page before adding or removing genres.--><!--All genres must be directly verifiable by a reliable, published source. Genres that are not cited to a reliable, published source will be removed. --> }} {{Infobox animanga/Print |type = manga |author = [[Reiko Yoshida]] |illustrator = [[Mia Ikumi]] |publisher = [[Kodansha]] |publisher_en = {{English manga publisher | NA = [[Kodansha Comics]] | SG = [[Chuang Yi]] }} |demographic = ''[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]'' |magazine = [[Nakayoshi]] |first = September 2000 |last = February 2003 |volumes = 7 |volume_list = List of Tokyo Mew Mew chapters }} {{Infobox animanga/Video |type = tv series |director = [[Noriyuki Abe]] |producer = Akifumi Takayanagi<br/>Hideyuki Kachi<br/>Ken Hagino<br/>Noboru Yamada |writer = Masashi Sogo |music = [[Takayuki Negishi]] |studio = [[Pierrot (company)|Pierrot]] |licensee = {{english anime licensee | NA = [[4Kids|4Kids Entertainment]] <small>(2004–2010)</small> }} |network = [[Aichi Television Broadcasting|TV Aichi]], [[TV Tokyo]] |network_en = {{english anime network | AU = [[Network Ten]] | CA = [[YTV (TV channel)|YTV]] | UK = [[Pop Girl]] | US = [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] ([[4Kids|4Kids TV]]) }} |first = April 6, 2002 |last = March 29, 2003 |episodes = 52 |episode_list = List of Tokyo Mew Mew episodes }} {{Infobox animanga/Game |title = Hamepane Tokyo Mew Mew |developer = [[Winkysoft]] |publisher = [[Takara]] |released = July 11, 2002 |genre = [[Puzzle video game|Puzzle game]] |platforms = [[Game Boy Advance]] }} {{Infobox animanga/Game |title = Tokyo Mew Mew – Tōjō Shin Mew Mew! – Minna Issho ni Gohōshi Suru Nyan |developer = [[Winkysoft]] |publisher = [[Takara]] |released = December 5, 2002 |genre = [[Role-playing video game]] |platforms = [[PlayStation (console)|PlayStation]] }} {{Infobox animanga/Print |type = manga |title = Tokyo Mew Mew à la Mode |author = Mia Ikumi |publisher = Kodansha |publisher_en = {{English manga publisher | NA = Tokyopop }} |demographic = ''Shōjo'' |magazine = Nakayoshi |first = April 2003 |last = February 2004 |volumes = 2 |volume_list = List of Tokyo Mew Mew chapters#Tokyo Mew Mew a la Mode }} {{Infobox animanga/Footer}} '''''Tokyo Mew Mew''''' (also known as '''''Mew Mew Power''''' in [[English language|English]]) is a [[manga]]/[[anime]] [[series]] by [[Mia Ikumi]] and [[Reiko Yoshida]]. The series is about five girls who are able to change into [[superhero|superwomen]] based on [[endangered species]]. The girls fight a group of three [[Extraterrestrial life|aliens]], Quiche, Pie, and Tart, who plan to take over [[Earth]]. The aliens attack the girls by creating "[[Chimera (mythology)|chimera]] [[animals]]" that the girls fight. The manga was [[publishing|published]] from 2000 to 2003. The anime was [[broadcast]] from April 6, 2002 until March 29, 2003. It was broadcast on both [[Aichi Television Broadcasting|TV Aichi]] and [[TV Tokyo]]. ==References== * ''Tokyo Mew Mew'' volume 1 [[Category:2002 establishments in Japan]] [[Category:2002 television series debuts]] [[Category:2003 disestablishments in Japan]] [[Category:2003 television series endings]] [[Category:2022 Japanese television series debuts]] {{multistub|tv|Japan}} frbph3mef9onflnp6kc0e0rsrbdsl3n 10 321616 10367981 9927597 2025-07-02T17:32:22Z Ferien 1011873 allow all users to use this userbox 10367981 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Userbox|#BEEBF6|id-c=lightgray|info-c= aliceblue|id=[[File:Commons Administrator.svg|43x43px]]|info=[[:commons:User:{{{1|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}|This user]] is an '''[[:commons:Commons:Administrators|administrator]]''' on [[:commons:Main Page|Wikimedia Commons]]. (<span style="font-size:0.9em;" class="plainlinks">[http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ListUsers&limit=1&username=user verify])</span>}}<noinclude> [[Category:Wikipedia-related userbox templates]] [[Category:User rights display templates]] [[Category:Administrator user templates|Commons]] </noinclude> mgyf6akr3os8ng67oxqrf5n9nfsmxbs 0 331327 10368648 10242573 2025-07-03T01:41:33Z 2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4 10368648 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television |image = El Show de Cleveland (The Cleveland Show) Logo.png |caption = |genre = [[Animation]]<br/>[[Black comedy]]<br/>[[Cutaway (filmmaking)|Cutaway gag humor]] |creator = [[Seth MacFarlane]]<br/>[[Mike Henry (voice actor)|Mike Henry]]<br/>[[Richard Appel]] | based_on = ''[[Family Guy]]'' created by [[Seth MacFarlane]] |developer = |voices = Mike Henry<br/>[[Sanaa Lathan]]<br/>[[Kevin Michael Richardson]]<br/>[[Reagan Gomez-Preston]]<br/>[[Jason Sudeikis]]<br/>Seth MacFarlane |theme_music_composer = [[Walter Murphy]] |executive_producer = Seth MacFarlane<br/>Mike Henry<br/>Richard Appel<br><br>'''Co-Executive Producers:'''<br>[[Kirker Butler]]<br>John Viener <small>(Season 3-present)</small><br>[[Dave Jeser & Matt Silverstein]] <small>(Season 3-present)</small><br>Jonathan Green <small>(Season 2-present)</small><br>Gabe Miller <small>(Season 2-present)</small> |producer = [[Kara Vallow]]<br>Jonathan Green <small>(Season 1)</small><br>Gabe Miller <small>(Season 1)</small><br>Courtney Lilly <small>(Season 2-present)</small><br><br>'''Co-Producers:'''<br>Aseem Batra <small>(Season 1)</small><br>Clarence Livingston <small>(Season 1)</small><br>Aaron Lee <small>(Season 2-present)</small><br>Matt Murray <small>(Season 2-present)</small><br><br>'''Supervising Producers:'''<br>Aseem Batra <small>(Season 2-present)</small><br>Clarence Livingston <small>(Season 2-present)</small> |editor = Kirk Benson |camera = [[Animation|Animated]] rendition of [[single camera setup|single camera]] |country = [[United States]] |company = Persons Unknown Productions<br/>Happy Jack Productions<br/>[[Fuzzy Door Productions]]<br/>[[20th Television|20th Century Fox Television]] |network = [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] |first_aired = {{start date|2009|09|27}}<ref name="September">{{cite web|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news.aspx?id=20090615fox01 |title=FOX Announces Fall Premiere Dates for the 2009-2010 Season|publisher=TheFutonCritic.com}}</ref> |last_aired = {{end date|2013|05|19}} |runtime = 22–23 minutes |language = [[English language|English]] |num_seasons = 4 |num_episodes = 88 |list_episodes = List of The Cleveland Show episodes |related = ''[[Family Guy]]''<br/>''[[American Dad!]]''<br/>''[[Gravity Falls]]'' }} '''''The Cleveland Show''''' is an [[animated]] [[sitcom]] that first aired on September 27, 2009 on the "[[Animation Domination]]" block on [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] in the [[United States]]. The show was created by [[Seth MacFarlane]], is the based on the ''[[Family Guy]]'' created by [[Seth MacFarlane]], [[Mike Henry]], and [[Richard Appel]] as a [[spin-off|spin-off show]] from ''[[Family Guy]]''. The family was conceived by MacFarlane, he took the ''Family Guy'' character, Cleveland Brown, and his son, Cleveland Brown Jr., and redesign Cleveland Brown Jr. to make him look older, and softly-spoken. Before the first episode aired it was already renewed for season 2, which had 22 episodes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aoltv.com/2009/05/04/the-cleveland-show-renewed-before-it-begins|title=Yahoo!|website=www.aoltv.com|access-date=2012-03-10|archive-date=2012-05-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515213738/http://www.aoltv.com/2009/05/04/the-cleveland-show-renewed-before-it-begins/|url-status=dead}}</ref> On June 10, 2010, three weeks after the first season ended it was renewed for another season (season 3).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2010/06/10/fox-picks-up-third-season-of-the-cleveland-show/20100610fox01/|title=Breaking News - FOX Picks Up Third Season of "The Cleveland Show" - TheFutonCritic.com|website=www.thefutoncritic.com}}</ref> It was also renewed for season 4. The show was canceled in May 2013, airing its final episode on May 19. There is four seasons of ''The Cleveland Show'' and 88 episodes. The series shows the life of Cleveland Brown, his son, Cleveland Brown Jr., his wife, Donna, and her kids, Roberta and Rallo. The show uses a lot of [[profanity]] and [[sex]] scenes, which is why the show is rated [[TV-14]], and rarely [[TV-PG]]. According to critics, the show is an okay show, however some say it is a horrible show. The [[Parents Television Council]] said that the first season episodes was the worst show of the week. About 6 million people watched the show for season one. It was nominated for an award on the [[36th People's Choice Awards]], and on the [[63rd Primetime Emmy Awards]]. ==Production== At the start of the show, Cleveland Brown and his son, Cleveland Brown Jr., move from the fictional town of Quahog, Rhode Island to Stoolbend, Virginia. Cleveland said to Glenn Quagmire that he is getting a spin-off on ''Family Guy'' episode, "Baby Not on Board".<ref>"Baby Not On Board". Mark Hentemann (writer) & Julius Wu (director). Family Guy. Fox. September 1, 2008. No. 4, season 7.</ref> Originally, the theme song had a line with Cleveland Brown, he said "happy black-guy face", this was changed to "happy mustached face". ==Characters== *[[Cleveland Brown]], an African-American male who is very polite to everyone and has a [[unique]] laugh, he used to be Peter Griffin's friend until moving. *Donna Tubbs, second wife and current wife of Cleveland Brown. *[[Cleveland Brown Jr.]], the son of Cleveland Brown *Roberta Tubbs, fifteen-year-old daughter of Donna Tubbs *Rallo Tubbs, five-year-old son of Donna Tubbs ==Voice cast== {| class="wikitable" |- !colspan=6|Main cast members |- |align=center| [[File:Mike Henry by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg|140x140px]] |align=center| [[File:Sanaa Lathan by Gage Skidmore 3.jpg|140x140px]] |align=center| [[File:Reagan Gomez by Gage Skidmore.jpg|140x140px|upright]] |align=center| [[File:Kevin Michael Richardson by Gage Skidmore 3.jpg|140x140px]] |align=center| [[File:Jason Sudeikis at 2009 NYTVF.jpg|140x140px]] |align=center| [[File:Seth MacFarlane by Gage Skidmore 5.jpg|140x140px|upright]] |- | style="text-align:center; width:16%;"| Mike Henry | style="text-align:center; width:16%;"| [[Sanaa Lathan]] | style="text-align:center; width:16%;"| [[Reagan Gomez-Preston]] | style="text-align:center; width:16%;"| [[Kevin Michael Richardson]] | style="text-align:center; width:16%;"| [[Jason Sudeikis]] | style="text-align:center; width:16%;"| [[Seth MacFarlane]] |- |width=16%| [[Cleveland Brown]] and [[Rallo Tubbs]] |width=16%| [[Donna Tubbs-Brown]] |width=16%| [[Roberta Tubbs]] |width=16%| [[Cleveland Brown, Jr.]] and [[Lester Krinklesac]] |width=16%| [[Holt Richter]] and [[Terry Kimple]] |width=16%| [[Tim the Bear]] |} ==Episodes== {{Main|List of The Cleveland Show episodes}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! style="padding: 0px 8px" colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Season ! style="padding: 0px 8px" rowspan="2" | Episodes ! style="padding: 0px 8px" colspan="2" | Originally aired ! style="padding: 0px 8px" colspan="3" | [[DVD]] release dates |- ! style="padding: 0px 8px" | [[Season premiere]] ! style="padding: 0px 8px" | [[Season finale]] ! style="padding: 0px 8px" | [[Region 1]] ! style="padding: 0px 8px" | [[Region 2]] ! style="padding: 0px 8px" | [[Region 4]] |- |style="width: 15px" bgcolor="#4d236c"| |'''1''' |21 |style="padding: 0px 8px" | {{Start date|2009|9|27}} |style="padding: 0px 8px" | {{End date|2010|5|23}} |style="padding: 0px 8px" | {{Start date|2010|9|28}} |style="padding: 0px 8px" | {{Start date|2010|9|27}} |style="padding: 0px 8px" | {{Start date|2011|6|29}} |- |style="width: 15px" bgcolor=#04B2F7| |'''2''' |22 |style="padding: 0px 8px" | {{Start date|2010|9|26}} |style="padding: 0px 8px" | {{End date|2011|5|15}} |style="padding: 0px 8px" | {{Start date|2011|9|27}} |style="padding: 0px 8px" | {{Start date|2012|1|30}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Cleveland-Show-Season-DVD/dp/B00503QOJS/|title=The Cleveland Show - Season 2 (DVD)|work=Amazon UK|accessdate=August 14, 2011}}</ref> |style="padding: 0px 8px" | {{Start date|2011|11|9}} |- |style="width: 15px" bgcolor=#fee968| |'''3''' |22 |style="padding: 0px 8px" | {{Start date|2011|9|25}} |style="padding: 0px 8px" | {{End date|2012|5|20}} |style="padding: 0px 8px" | <span style="color: grey;"><small>TBA</small></span> |style="padding: 0px 8px" | <span style="color: grey;"><small>TBA</small></span> |style="padding: 0px 8px" | <span style="color: grey;"><small>TBA</small></span> |- |style="width: 15px" bgcolor=#FF00FF| |'''4''' |23 |style="padding: 0px 8px" | {{Start date|2012|10|7}} |style="padding: 0px 8px" | {{End date|2013|05|19}} |style="padding: 0px 8px" | <span style="color: grey;"><small>TBA</small></span> |style="padding: 0px 8px" | <span style="color: grey;"><small>TBA</small></span> |style="padding: 0px 8px" | <span style="color: grey;"><small>TBA</small></span> |} ==Ratings== {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#e0e0e0; vertical-align:bottom;" ! Season ! Season premiere ! Season finale ! TV season ! Ranking ! Viewers<br />(in millions) |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" | 1st | September 27, 2009 | May 23, 2010 | 2009–2010 ! #72<ref name="0506season">{{cite web |url=http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/06/16/final-2009-10-broadcast-primetime-show-average-viewership/54336 |work=Tvbythenumbers |publisher=Nielsen Business Media |title=Series |date=May 26, 2006 |accessdate=February 12, 2010 |archive-date=June 24, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100624063442/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/06/16/final-2009-10-broadcast-primetime-show-average-viewership/54336 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ! 6.38<ref name="0506season"/> |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" | 2nd | September 26, 2010 | May 15, 2011 | 2010–2011 ! #90<ref name="0506season"/> ! 6.12<ref name="0506season"/> |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" | 3rd | September 25, 2011 | May 20, 2012 | 2011–2012 | TBA | TBA |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" | 4th | October 7, 2012 | May 19, 2013 | 2012–2013 | TBA | TBA |} ==International broadcast== The show was originally aired on Fox, and has been released in many other countries. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Country ! Network ! First Aired |- | {{USA}} | [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] | rowspan="2"|September 27, 2009 |- | {{CAN}} | [[Global Television Network|Global]] |- | {{AUS}} | [[Network Ten]]<br>[[Eleven (TV channel)|Eleven]]<br>[[Fox8|FOX8]] | December 2, 2009–January 12, 2011<br>January 12, 2011–present<br>March 13, 2011–present |- | {{UK}}<br> | [[E4 (channel)|E4]]<br>[[FX (UK)|FX]] | February 1, 2010 – present<br>January 6, 2011 – present |- | {{MEX}} | [[FX Latin America]] | rowspan="2"|April 25, 2010 |- | {{BRA}} | [[FX Latin America]] |- | {{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Ireland]] | [[3e]] | February 21, 2010 |- | {{PRT}}<br> | [[FOX Portugal]] | June 5, 2010 |- | {{DNK}} | [[TV 2 Zulu]] | June 23, 2010 |- | {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] | [[Yes Comedy]] | July 2, 2010 |- | {{GRE}} | [[FX (Greece)|FX GR]] | March 2010 |- | {{HUN}} |[[Comedy Central]] | July 7, 2010 |- | {{RUS}} |[[2x2 (TV channel)|2x2]] | September 2, 2010 |- | {{ITA}} | [[Fox (Italy)|FOX]]<br>[[Italia 2]] | September 7, 2010 |- | {{ESP}} | [[Fox España|FOX]]<br>[[Antena.neox|Neox]] | July 19, 2010 |- | {{NOR}} | [[TV2 (Norway)|TV2]] | August 13, 2010 |- | {{NED}} | [[Comedy Central]] | September 12, 2010 |- | {{NZL}} | [[C4 (TV channel)|C4]]<br>[[Four (New Zealand TV channel)|Four]]<br>[[Comedy Central (New Zealand)|Comedy Central]] | 2010<br>February 10, 2011 - present<br>2011 - present |- | {{PHI}} | [[Jack TV]] | October 2010 |- | {{RSA}} | [[Vuzu]] | November 29, 2010 |- | {{URU}} | Monte Carlo TV | December 18, 2010 |- | {{SWE}} | [[Kanal 5 (Sweden)]] | January 3, 2011 |- | {{CZE}} | [[Prima Cool]] | February 5, 2011 |- |{{POL}} |[[Fox (Poland)|FOX Poland]] |February 16, 2011 |- | {{FRA}} | [[France Ô]] | April 8, 2011 |- | {{EST}} | [[TV6 (Estonia)]] | June 1, 2011 |- | {{LAT}} | [[TV6 Latvia]] | December 1, 2010 |- | [[Palestinian territories]] | [[FX (TV channel)|FX]] | July, 2011 |- | {{ARG}} | [[FX (TV channel)|FX]] | January 29, 2012 |} ==DVD releases== All seasons are available on [[DVD]] and [[Blu-ray]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== {{wikiquote}} *[http://www.fox.com/cleveland Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512004602/http://www.fox.com/cleveland/ |date=2009-05-12 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cleveland Show}} [[Category:The Cleveland Show| ]] [[Category:2009 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2000s American television series]] [[Category:2010s American television series]] [[Category:Adult Swim]] [[Category:American animated television series]] [[Category:Fox television series]] [[Category:Television spin-offs]] [[Category:Virginia in fiction]] [[Category:Family Guy]] [[Category:English-language television programs]] lefdf07dh5lk3l4w2mid3pk6ossdn87 10368672 10368648 2025-07-03T01:57:23Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4|2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4]] ([[User talk:2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4|talk]]). ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368672 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television |image = El Show de Cleveland (The Cleveland Show) Logo.png |caption = |genre = [[Animation]]<br/>[[Black comedy]]<br/>[[Cutaway (filmmaking)|Cutaway gag humor]] |creator = [[Seth MacFarlane]]<br/>[[Mike Henry (voice actor)|Mike Henry]]<br/>[[Richard Appel]] |developer = |voices = Mike Henry<br/>[[Sanaa Lathan]]<br/>[[Kevin Michael Richardson]]<br/>[[Reagan Gomez-Preston]]<br/>[[Jason Sudeikis]]<br/>Seth MacFarlane |theme_music_composer = [[Walter Murphy]] |executive_producer = Seth MacFarlane<br/>Mike Henry<br/>Richard Appel<br><br>'''Co-Executive Producers:'''<br>[[Kirker Butler]]<br>John Viener <small>(Season 3-present)</small><br>[[Dave Jeser & Matt Silverstein]] <small>(Season 3-present)</small><br>Jonathan Green <small>(Season 2-present)</small><br>Gabe Miller <small>(Season 2-present)</small> |producer = [[Kara Vallow]]<br>Jonathan Green <small>(Season 1)</small><br>Gabe Miller <small>(Season 1)</small><br>Courtney Lilly <small>(Season 2-present)</small><br><br>'''Co-Producers:'''<br>Aseem Batra <small>(Season 1)</small><br>Clarence Livingston <small>(Season 1)</small><br>Aaron Lee <small>(Season 2-present)</small><br>Matt Murray <small>(Season 2-present)</small><br><br>'''Supervising Producers:'''<br>Aseem Batra <small>(Season 2-present)</small><br>Clarence Livingston <small>(Season 2-present)</small> |editor = Kirk Benson |camera = [[Animation|Animated]] rendition of [[single camera setup|single camera]] |country = [[United States]] |company = Persons Unknown Productions<br/>Happy Jack Productions<br/>[[Fuzzy Door Productions]]<br/>[[20th Television|20th Century Fox Television]] |network = [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] |first_aired = {{start date|2009|09|27}}<ref name="September">{{cite web|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news.aspx?id=20090615fox01 |title=FOX Announces Fall Premiere Dates for the 2009-2010 Season|publisher=TheFutonCritic.com}}</ref> |last_aired = {{end date|2013|05|19}} |runtime = 22–23 minutes |language = [[English language|English]] |num_seasons = 4 |num_episodes = 88 |list_episodes = List of The Cleveland Show episodes |related = ''[[Family Guy]]''<br/>''[[American Dad!]]''<br/>''[[Gravity Falls]]'' }} '''''The Cleveland Show''''' is an [[animated]] [[sitcom]] that first aired on September 27, 2009 on the "[[Animation Domination]]" block on [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] in the [[United States]]. The show was created by [[Seth MacFarlane]], [[Mike Henry]], and [[Richard Appel]] as a [[spin-off|spin-off show]] from ''[[Family Guy]]''. The family was conceived by MacFarlane, he took the ''Family Guy'' character, Cleveland Brown, and his son, Cleveland Brown Jr., and redesign Cleveland Brown Jr. to make him look older, and softly-spoken. Before the first episode aired it was already renewed for season 2, which had 22 episodes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aoltv.com/2009/05/04/the-cleveland-show-renewed-before-it-begins|title=Yahoo!|website=www.aoltv.com|access-date=2012-03-10|archive-date=2012-05-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515213738/http://www.aoltv.com/2009/05/04/the-cleveland-show-renewed-before-it-begins/|url-status=dead}}</ref> On June 10, 2010, three weeks after the first season ended it was renewed for another season (season 3).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2010/06/10/fox-picks-up-third-season-of-the-cleveland-show/20100610fox01/|title=Breaking News - FOX Picks Up Third Season of "The Cleveland Show" - TheFutonCritic.com|website=www.thefutoncritic.com}}</ref> It was also renewed for season 4. The show was canceled in May 2013, airing its final episode on May 19. There is four seasons of ''The Cleveland Show'' and 88 episodes. The series shows the life of Cleveland Brown, his son, Cleveland Brown Jr., his wife, Donna, and her kids, Roberta and Rallo. The show uses a lot of [[profanity]] and [[sex]] scenes, which is why the show is rated [[TV-14]], and rarely [[TV-PG]]. According to critics, the show is an okay show, however some say it is a horrible show. The [[Parents Television Council]] said that the first season episodes was the worst show of the week. About 6 million people watched the show for season one. It was nominated for an award on the [[36th People's Choice Awards]], and on the [[63rd Primetime Emmy Awards]]. ==Production== At the start of the show, Cleveland Brown and his son, Cleveland Brown Jr., move from the fictional town of Quahog, Rhode Island to Stoolbend, Virginia. Cleveland said to Glenn Quagmire that he is getting a spin-off on ''Family Guy'' episode, "Baby Not on Board".<ref>"Baby Not On Board". Mark Hentemann (writer) & Julius Wu (director). Family Guy. Fox. September 1, 2008. No. 4, season 7.</ref> Originally, the theme song had a line with Cleveland Brown, he said "happy black-guy face", this was changed to "happy mustached face". ==Characters== *[[Cleveland Brown]], an African-American male who is very polite to everyone and has a [[unique]] laugh, he used to be Peter Griffin's friend until moving. *Donna Tubbs, second wife and current wife of Cleveland Brown. *[[Cleveland Brown Jr.]], the son of Cleveland Brown *Roberta Tubbs, fifteen-year-old daughter of Donna Tubbs *Rallo Tubbs, five-year-old son of Donna Tubbs ==Voice cast== {| class="wikitable" |- !colspan=6|Main cast members |- |align=center| [[File:Mike Henry by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg|140x140px]] |align=center| [[File:Sanaa Lathan by Gage Skidmore 3.jpg|140x140px]] |align=center| [[File:Reagan Gomez by Gage Skidmore.jpg|140x140px|upright]] |align=center| [[File:Kevin Michael Richardson by Gage Skidmore 3.jpg|140x140px]] |align=center| [[File:Jason Sudeikis at 2009 NYTVF.jpg|140x140px]] |align=center| [[File:Seth MacFarlane by Gage Skidmore 5.jpg|140x140px|upright]] |- | style="text-align:center; width:16%;"| Mike Henry | style="text-align:center; width:16%;"| [[Sanaa Lathan]] | style="text-align:center; width:16%;"| [[Reagan Gomez-Preston]] | style="text-align:center; width:16%;"| [[Kevin Michael Richardson]] | style="text-align:center; width:16%;"| [[Jason Sudeikis]] | style="text-align:center; width:16%;"| [[Seth MacFarlane]] |- |width=16%| [[Cleveland Brown]] and [[Rallo Tubbs]] |width=16%| [[Donna Tubbs-Brown]] |width=16%| [[Roberta Tubbs]] |width=16%| [[Cleveland Brown, Jr.]] and [[Lester Krinklesac]] |width=16%| [[Holt Richter]] and [[Terry Kimple]] |width=16%| [[Tim the Bear]] |} ==Episodes== {{Main|List of The Cleveland Show episodes}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! style="padding: 0px 8px" colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Season ! style="padding: 0px 8px" rowspan="2" | Episodes ! style="padding: 0px 8px" colspan="2" | Originally aired ! style="padding: 0px 8px" colspan="3" | [[DVD]] release dates |- ! style="padding: 0px 8px" | [[Season premiere]] ! style="padding: 0px 8px" | [[Season finale]] ! style="padding: 0px 8px" | [[Region 1]] ! style="padding: 0px 8px" | [[Region 2]] ! style="padding: 0px 8px" | [[Region 4]] |- |style="width: 15px" bgcolor="#4d236c"| |'''1''' |21 |style="padding: 0px 8px" | {{Start date|2009|9|27}} |style="padding: 0px 8px" | {{End date|2010|5|23}} |style="padding: 0px 8px" | {{Start date|2010|9|28}} |style="padding: 0px 8px" | {{Start date|2010|9|27}} |style="padding: 0px 8px" | {{Start date|2011|6|29}} |- |style="width: 15px" bgcolor=#04B2F7| |'''2''' |22 |style="padding: 0px 8px" | {{Start date|2010|9|26}} |style="padding: 0px 8px" | {{End date|2011|5|15}} |style="padding: 0px 8px" | {{Start date|2011|9|27}} |style="padding: 0px 8px" | {{Start date|2012|1|30}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Cleveland-Show-Season-DVD/dp/B00503QOJS/|title=The Cleveland Show - Season 2 (DVD)|work=Amazon UK|accessdate=August 14, 2011}}</ref> |style="padding: 0px 8px" | {{Start date|2011|11|9}} |- |style="width: 15px" bgcolor=#fee968| |'''3''' |22 |style="padding: 0px 8px" | {{Start date|2011|9|25}} |style="padding: 0px 8px" | {{End date|2012|5|20}} |style="padding: 0px 8px" | <span style="color: grey;"><small>TBA</small></span> |style="padding: 0px 8px" | <span style="color: grey;"><small>TBA</small></span> |style="padding: 0px 8px" | <span style="color: grey;"><small>TBA</small></span> |- |style="width: 15px" bgcolor=#FF00FF| |'''4''' |23 |style="padding: 0px 8px" | {{Start date|2012|10|7}} |style="padding: 0px 8px" | {{End date|2013|05|19}} |style="padding: 0px 8px" | <span style="color: grey;"><small>TBA</small></span> |style="padding: 0px 8px" | <span style="color: grey;"><small>TBA</small></span> |style="padding: 0px 8px" | <span style="color: grey;"><small>TBA</small></span> |} ==Ratings== {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#e0e0e0; vertical-align:bottom;" ! Season ! Season premiere ! Season finale ! TV season ! Ranking ! Viewers<br />(in millions) |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" | 1st | September 27, 2009 | May 23, 2010 | 2009–2010 ! #72<ref name="0506season">{{cite web |url=http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/06/16/final-2009-10-broadcast-primetime-show-average-viewership/54336 |work=Tvbythenumbers |publisher=Nielsen Business Media |title=Series |date=May 26, 2006 |accessdate=February 12, 2010 |archive-date=June 24, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100624063442/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/06/16/final-2009-10-broadcast-primetime-show-average-viewership/54336 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ! 6.38<ref name="0506season"/> |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" | 2nd | September 26, 2010 | May 15, 2011 | 2010–2011 ! #90<ref name="0506season"/> ! 6.12<ref name="0506season"/> |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" | 3rd | September 25, 2011 | May 20, 2012 | 2011–2012 | TBA | TBA |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" | 4th | October 7, 2012 | May 19, 2013 | 2012–2013 | TBA | TBA |} ==International broadcast== The show was originally aired on Fox, and has been released in many other countries. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Country ! Network ! First Aired |- | {{USA}} | [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] | rowspan="2"|September 27, 2009 |- | {{CAN}} | [[Global Television Network|Global]] |- | {{AUS}} | [[Network Ten]]<br>[[Eleven (TV channel)|Eleven]]<br>[[Fox8|FOX8]] | December 2, 2009–January 12, 2011<br>January 12, 2011–present<br>March 13, 2011–present |- | {{UK}}<br> | [[E4 (channel)|E4]]<br>[[FX (UK)|FX]] | February 1, 2010 – present<br>January 6, 2011 – present |- | {{MEX}} | [[FX Latin America]] | rowspan="2"|April 25, 2010 |- | {{BRA}} | [[FX Latin America]] |- | {{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Ireland]] | [[3e]] | February 21, 2010 |- | {{PRT}}<br> | [[FOX Portugal]] | June 5, 2010 |- | {{DNK}} | [[TV 2 Zulu]] | June 23, 2010 |- | {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] | [[Yes Comedy]] | July 2, 2010 |- | {{GRE}} | [[FX (Greece)|FX GR]] | March 2010 |- | {{HUN}} |[[Comedy Central]] | July 7, 2010 |- | {{RUS}} |[[2x2 (TV channel)|2x2]] | September 2, 2010 |- | {{ITA}} | [[Fox (Italy)|FOX]]<br>[[Italia 2]] | September 7, 2010 |- | {{ESP}} | [[Fox España|FOX]]<br>[[Antena.neox|Neox]] | July 19, 2010 |- | {{NOR}} | [[TV2 (Norway)|TV2]] | August 13, 2010 |- | {{NED}} | [[Comedy Central]] | September 12, 2010 |- | {{NZL}} | [[C4 (TV channel)|C4]]<br>[[Four (New Zealand TV channel)|Four]]<br>[[Comedy Central (New Zealand)|Comedy Central]] | 2010<br>February 10, 2011 - present<br>2011 - present |- | {{PHI}} | [[Jack TV]] | October 2010 |- | {{RSA}} | [[Vuzu]] | November 29, 2010 |- | {{URU}} | Monte Carlo TV | December 18, 2010 |- | {{SWE}} | [[Kanal 5 (Sweden)]] | January 3, 2011 |- | {{CZE}} | [[Prima Cool]] | February 5, 2011 |- |{{POL}} |[[Fox (Poland)|FOX Poland]] |February 16, 2011 |- | {{FRA}} | [[France Ô]] | April 8, 2011 |- | {{EST}} | [[TV6 (Estonia)]] | June 1, 2011 |- | {{LAT}} | [[TV6 Latvia]] | December 1, 2010 |- | [[Palestinian territories]] | [[FX (TV channel)|FX]] | July, 2011 |- | {{ARG}} | [[FX (TV channel)|FX]] | January 29, 2012 |} ==DVD releases== All seasons are available on [[DVD]] and [[Blu-ray]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== {{wikiquote}} *[http://www.fox.com/cleveland Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512004602/http://www.fox.com/cleveland/ |date=2009-05-12 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cleveland Show}} [[Category:The Cleveland Show| ]] [[Category:2009 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2000s American television series]] [[Category:2010s American television series]] [[Category:Adult Swim]] [[Category:American animated television series]] [[Category:Fox television series]] [[Category:Television spin-offs]] [[Category:Virginia in fiction]] [[Category:Family Guy]] [[Category:English-language television programs]] 6w5knmt65vml96w59ccxri4tk5161ik 0 331329 10368504 10356089 2025-07-02T23:44:04Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C Fox is a main broadcast of the series 10368504 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = Bob's Burgers logo.png | caption = | genre = [[Sitcom]]<br />[[Animation]]<br />[[Comedy]] | runtime = 22–24 minutes | creator = [[Loren Bouchard]] | developer = Loren Bouchard<br />[[Jim Dauterive]] | voices = [[H. Jon Benjamin]]<br/>[[John Roberts (actor)|John Roberts]]<br/>[[Dan Mintz]]<br />[[Eugene Mirman]]<br>[[Kristen Schaal]] | executive_producer = Jim Dauterive<br/>Loren Bouchard<ref name="executive producer">{{cite web|url=http://www.fox.com/programming/shows/?sh=bobs-burgers |title=Bob's Burgers |publisher=Fox.com |access-date=2010-06-11}}</ref> | theme_music_composer = Loren Bouchard | company = [[20th Television]]<br />[[Bento Box Entertainment]] | opentheme = "Bob's Burgers" | endtheme = "Meet the Meaties" by [[John Dylan Smith]] | composer = John Dylan Keith<br/>Loren Bouchard | country = United States | language = [[English language|English]] | network = [[FX (TV channel)|Fox]] | first_aired = {{start date|2011|01|09}} | last_aired = present | num_seasons = 15 | num_episodes = 291 | list_episodes = List of Bob's Burgers episodes | related = }} '''''Bob's Burgers''''' is an American [[animated]] [[sitcom]] produced by [[20th Television]]. It first appeared on television on January 9, 2011. This TV show would be shown during [[FOX|Fox's]] "[[Animation Domination]]" block, a specific television block from [[FOX|Fox]] that airs on Sunday nights. The show has been renewed for a fourteenth [[Season (television)|season]] and a fifteenth season.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Goldberg|first=Lesley|date=2023-01-26|title=‘The Simpsons,’ ‘Family Guy’ and ‘Bob’s Burgers’ Nab Two Season Renewals at Fox|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/the-simpsons-family-guy-bobs-burgers-renewed-two-season-fox-1235309037/|access-date=2025-01-18|website=The Hollywood Reporter|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Plot== The show centers on the Belcher family, who run a hamburger [[restaurant]]. Throughout the series, there are stories that relate to the Belcher family and the citizens that live near them. ==Characters== ===Belcher family=== * '''Bob Belcher''' (voiced by [[H. Jon Benjamin]])&nbsp;– He is the main character of the series. He is the owner of a burger restaurant which he enjoys almost more than anything else. He is the [[husband]] of Linda. He is father to Tina, Gene, and Louise. He is 47 years old. * '''Linda Belcher''' (voiced by [[John Roberts (actor)|John Roberts]])&nbsp;– Linda will always help Bob. She likes doing new things. She is 45 years old. {{Anchor|Tina Belcher}} * '''Tina Belcher''' (voiced by [[Dan Mintz]])&nbsp;– She is the oldest Belcher child. She works part-time at the restaurant and is often the voice of reason among the Belcher children. She is beginning to enter adulthood. She claims to have a complicated relationship with [[zombies]]. Tina is 15 years old beginning in season 2. Tina sounds like a man. * '''Gene Belcher''' (voiced by [[Eugene Mirman]])&nbsp;– The only son of the family. He is enthusiastic about almost everything. He enjoys playing his [[Keyboard instrument|keyboard]]. He wants to be a famous musician. He often promotes the restaurant by wearing a burger costume. Gene is 11 years old. {{Anchor|Louise Belcher}} * '''Louise Belcher''' (voiced by [[Kristen Schaal]])&nbsp;– The youngest of the Belcher siblings. She enjoys playing [[joke]]s on people she thinks are stupid. She will [[Exploitation|exploit]] people if there is anything to be gained. She has an offbeat sense of humor and [[lockpicking|picks locks]] as a hobby. Louise is 9 years old. ===Pesto family=== * '''Jimmy Pesto''' (voiced by [[Jay Johnston]])&nbsp;– He is the [[rival]] of Bob. Jimmy owns the Italian restaurant across the street from Bob's. * '''Ollie and Andy Pesto''' (voiced by [[Sarah Silverman]] and [[Laura Silverman]])&nbsp;– Jimmy Pesto's twin sons. They are very childish and care for each other a lot. They are good friends with Louise and her classmates. * '''Jimmy Pesto Jr.''' (voiced by [[H. Jon Benjamin]])&nbsp;– Jimmy Pesto's son. Unlike his father, Jimmy Jr. is not against the Belcher family. He and Tina are classmates. Tina would like to [[Dating|date]] Jimmy Jr. ===Recurring (minor) characters=== * '''Mort''' (voiced by [[Andy Kindler]])&nbsp;– The owner of the [[funeral home]] next to the restaurant. A little odd, he is good friends with Bob and Teddy. * '''Teddy''' (voiced by [[Larry Murphy (actor)|Larry Murphy]])&nbsp;– A regular customer and friend of the family. A blue-collar type, he tells many stories about his life which annoys Bob mostly. He is 49 years old. * '''Mr. Frond''' (voiced by [[David Herman]])&nbsp;– The School Counselor of Wagstaff School where Louise, Gene and Tina attend. Bob describes him as a "tall drink of annoying" and he has stuffed animals that he talks to as if they were real. * '''Hugo''' (voiced by [[Sam Seder]])&nbsp;– A health inspector who used to date Linda but got jilted by her for Bob, a fact that causes him no end of frustration, which he takes out on Bob any chance he gets. * '''Ron''' (voiced by [[Ron Lynch (comedian)|Ron Lynch]])&nbsp;– Hugo's assistant for health inspecting. Often quiet, he is more than willing to point out Hugo's malpractices. * '''Mr. Calvin Fischoeder''' (voiced by [[Kevin Kline]])&nbsp;– Calvin Fischoeder (pronounced "Fish-odor") is an eccentric local businessman (who dresses in a white suit with a white eye-patch) and Bob's landlord. He owns or has a stake in just about everything down on the harbor (and many things in town). He likes Bob despite Bob always being late with his rent (partially because Bob knows a legendary burger recipe that he greatly enjoys). Louise describes him as being "one white cat away from being a [[supervillain]]". * '''Officer Julia''' (voiced by [[Jerry Minor]])&nbsp;– a local [[African-American]] police officer. She acts tough with people she arrests. She appears mostly with Officer Cliffany. * '''Officer Cliffany''' (voiced by [[Sam Seder]])&nbsp;– A local tall, androgynous, and overweight police officer. She works frequently with Officer Julia whenever there is a case in town. * '''Jocelyn''' ([[John Roberts (actor)|John Roberts]])&nbsp;- Tina's 15-16 year old other 10th grade classmate. * '''Tamar "Tammy Larsen" Larson'''&nbsp;- Tina's bad friend. * '''Courtney Wheeler''' - 11-12 year old 6th grade student. * '''Millie Frock''' - 6-7 year old 1st grade student who is Louise's wacko friend. ==Voice cast== {{hidden begin|title = Voice Cast|| contentstyle = margin:0 auto; display:table;}} {| class="wikitable" |- !colspan=5|Main cast members |- |align=center| [[File:H. Jon Benjamin by Gage Skidmore.jpg|150x150px]] |align=center| [[File:John Roberts by Gage Skidmore.jpg|150x150px]] |align=center| [[File:Dan Mintz by Gage Skidmore.jpg|150x150px]] |align=center| [[File:Eugene Mirman by Gage Skidmore.jpg|150x150px]] |align=center| [[File:Kristen Schaal by Gage Skidmore.jpg|150x150px]] |- | style="text-align:center; width:22%;"| [[H. Jon Benjamin]]<br />(Bob Belcher) | style="text-align:center; width:22%;"| [[John Roberts (actor)|John Roberts]]<br />(Linda Belcher) | style="text-align:center; width:22%;"| [[Dan Mintz]]<br />(Tina Belcher) | style="text-align:center; width:22%;"| [[Eugene Mirman]]<br />(Gene Belcher) | style="text-align:center; width:22%;"| [[Kristen Schaal]]<br />(Louise Belcher) |} {{hidden end}} ==Episodes== {{main|List of Bob's Burgers episodes}} ==Broadcast == *[[TVOKids]] (Canada) *[[Fox Entertainment Group|FOX]] (United States) *[[ATV Turkey|ATV]] (Turkey) *[[Zee Tamil]] (India) *[[ABC Me]] (Australia) *[[TVNZ]] (New Zealand) *[[Korean Broadcasting System|KBS]] (South Korea) *[[Spacetoon]] (Indonesia) ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{wikiquote}} * [http://www.fox.com/bobsburgers Official website] [[Category:2011 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2010s American sitcoms]] [[Category:2020s American sitcoms]] [[Category:2010s American workplace television series]] [[Category:2010s American animated television series]] [[Category:2020s American animated television series]] [[Category:American workplace comedy television series]] [[Category:Television series by Disney]] [[Category:Adult animated television series]] [[Category:Television series about families]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] ii4f4ywbpy9lqzun6lmf898iyoils02 10368506 10368504 2025-07-02T23:46:04Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C dab 10368506 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = Bob's Burgers logo.png | caption = | genre = [[Sitcom]]<br />[[Animation]]<br />[[Comedy]] | runtime = 22–24 minutes | creator = [[Loren Bouchard]] | developer = Loren Bouchard<br />[[Jim Dauterive]] | voices = [[H. Jon Benjamin]]<br/>[[John Roberts (actor)|John Roberts]]<br/>[[Dan Mintz]]<br />[[Eugene Mirman]]<br>[[Kristen Schaal]] | executive_producer = Jim Dauterive<br/>Loren Bouchard<ref name="executive producer">{{cite web|url=http://www.fox.com/programming/shows/?sh=bobs-burgers |title=Bob's Burgers |publisher=Fox.com |access-date=2010-06-11}}</ref> | theme_music_composer = Loren Bouchard | company = [[20th Television]]<br />[[Bento Box Entertainment]] | opentheme = "Bob's Burgers" | endtheme = "Meet the Meaties" by [[John Dylan Smith]] | composer = John Dylan Keith<br/>Loren Bouchard | country = United States | language = [[English language|English]] | network = [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] | first_aired = {{start date|2011|01|09}} | last_aired = present | num_seasons = 15 | num_episodes = 291 | list_episodes = List of Bob's Burgers episodes | related = }} '''''Bob's Burgers''''' is an American [[animated]] [[sitcom]] produced by [[20th Television]]. It first appeared on television on January 9, 2011. This TV show would be shown during [[FOX|Fox's]] "[[Animation Domination]]" block, a specific television block from [[FOX|Fox]] that airs on Sunday nights. The show has been renewed for a fourteenth [[Season (television)|season]] and a fifteenth season.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Goldberg|first=Lesley|date=2023-01-26|title=‘The Simpsons,’ ‘Family Guy’ and ‘Bob’s Burgers’ Nab Two Season Renewals at Fox|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/the-simpsons-family-guy-bobs-burgers-renewed-two-season-fox-1235309037/|access-date=2025-01-18|website=The Hollywood Reporter|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Plot== The show centers on the Belcher family, who run a hamburger [[restaurant]]. Throughout the series, there are stories that relate to the Belcher family and the citizens that live near them. ==Characters== ===Belcher family=== * '''Bob Belcher''' (voiced by [[H. Jon Benjamin]])&nbsp;– He is the main character of the series. He is the owner of a burger restaurant which he enjoys almost more than anything else. He is the [[husband]] of Linda. He is father to Tina, Gene, and Louise. He is 47 years old. * '''Linda Belcher''' (voiced by [[John Roberts (actor)|John Roberts]])&nbsp;– Linda will always help Bob. She likes doing new things. She is 45 years old. {{Anchor|Tina Belcher}} * '''Tina Belcher''' (voiced by [[Dan Mintz]])&nbsp;– She is the oldest Belcher child. She works part-time at the restaurant and is often the voice of reason among the Belcher children. She is beginning to enter adulthood. She claims to have a complicated relationship with [[zombies]]. Tina is 15 years old beginning in season 2. Tina sounds like a man. * '''Gene Belcher''' (voiced by [[Eugene Mirman]])&nbsp;– The only son of the family. He is enthusiastic about almost everything. He enjoys playing his [[Keyboard instrument|keyboard]]. He wants to be a famous musician. He often promotes the restaurant by wearing a burger costume. Gene is 11 years old. {{Anchor|Louise Belcher}} * '''Louise Belcher''' (voiced by [[Kristen Schaal]])&nbsp;– The youngest of the Belcher siblings. She enjoys playing [[joke]]s on people she thinks are stupid. She will [[Exploitation|exploit]] people if there is anything to be gained. She has an offbeat sense of humor and [[lockpicking|picks locks]] as a hobby. Louise is 9 years old. ===Pesto family=== * '''Jimmy Pesto''' (voiced by [[Jay Johnston]])&nbsp;– He is the [[rival]] of Bob. Jimmy owns the Italian restaurant across the street from Bob's. * '''Ollie and Andy Pesto''' (voiced by [[Sarah Silverman]] and [[Laura Silverman]])&nbsp;– Jimmy Pesto's twin sons. They are very childish and care for each other a lot. They are good friends with Louise and her classmates. * '''Jimmy Pesto Jr.''' (voiced by [[H. Jon Benjamin]])&nbsp;– Jimmy Pesto's son. Unlike his father, Jimmy Jr. is not against the Belcher family. He and Tina are classmates. Tina would like to [[Dating|date]] Jimmy Jr. ===Recurring (minor) characters=== * '''Mort''' (voiced by [[Andy Kindler]])&nbsp;– The owner of the [[funeral home]] next to the restaurant. A little odd, he is good friends with Bob and Teddy. * '''Teddy''' (voiced by [[Larry Murphy (actor)|Larry Murphy]])&nbsp;– A regular customer and friend of the family. A blue-collar type, he tells many stories about his life which annoys Bob mostly. He is 49 years old. * '''Mr. Frond''' (voiced by [[David Herman]])&nbsp;– The School Counselor of Wagstaff School where Louise, Gene and Tina attend. Bob describes him as a "tall drink of annoying" and he has stuffed animals that he talks to as if they were real. * '''Hugo''' (voiced by [[Sam Seder]])&nbsp;– A health inspector who used to date Linda but got jilted by her for Bob, a fact that causes him no end of frustration, which he takes out on Bob any chance he gets. * '''Ron''' (voiced by [[Ron Lynch (comedian)|Ron Lynch]])&nbsp;– Hugo's assistant for health inspecting. Often quiet, he is more than willing to point out Hugo's malpractices. * '''Mr. Calvin Fischoeder''' (voiced by [[Kevin Kline]])&nbsp;– Calvin Fischoeder (pronounced "Fish-odor") is an eccentric local businessman (who dresses in a white suit with a white eye-patch) and Bob's landlord. He owns or has a stake in just about everything down on the harbor (and many things in town). He likes Bob despite Bob always being late with his rent (partially because Bob knows a legendary burger recipe that he greatly enjoys). Louise describes him as being "one white cat away from being a [[supervillain]]". * '''Officer Julia''' (voiced by [[Jerry Minor]])&nbsp;– a local [[African-American]] police officer. She acts tough with people she arrests. She appears mostly with Officer Cliffany. * '''Officer Cliffany''' (voiced by [[Sam Seder]])&nbsp;– A local tall, androgynous, and overweight police officer. She works frequently with Officer Julia whenever there is a case in town. * '''Jocelyn''' ([[John Roberts (actor)|John Roberts]])&nbsp;- Tina's 15-16 year old other 10th grade classmate. * '''Tamar "Tammy Larsen" Larson'''&nbsp;- Tina's bad friend. * '''Courtney Wheeler''' - 11-12 year old 6th grade student. * '''Millie Frock''' - 6-7 year old 1st grade student who is Louise's wacko friend. ==Voice cast== {{hidden begin|title = Voice Cast|| contentstyle = margin:0 auto; display:table;}} {| class="wikitable" |- !colspan=5|Main cast members |- |align=center| [[File:H. Jon Benjamin by Gage Skidmore.jpg|150x150px]] |align=center| [[File:John Roberts by Gage Skidmore.jpg|150x150px]] |align=center| [[File:Dan Mintz by Gage Skidmore.jpg|150x150px]] |align=center| [[File:Eugene Mirman by Gage Skidmore.jpg|150x150px]] |align=center| [[File:Kristen Schaal by Gage Skidmore.jpg|150x150px]] |- | style="text-align:center; width:22%;"| [[H. Jon Benjamin]]<br />(Bob Belcher) | style="text-align:center; width:22%;"| [[John Roberts (actor)|John Roberts]]<br />(Linda Belcher) | style="text-align:center; width:22%;"| [[Dan Mintz]]<br />(Tina Belcher) | style="text-align:center; width:22%;"| [[Eugene Mirman]]<br />(Gene Belcher) | style="text-align:center; width:22%;"| [[Kristen Schaal]]<br />(Louise Belcher) |} {{hidden end}} ==Episodes== {{main|List of Bob's Burgers episodes}} ==Broadcast == *[[TVOKids]] (Canada) *[[Fox Entertainment Group|FOX]] (United States) *[[ATV Turkey|ATV]] (Turkey) *[[Zee Tamil]] (India) *[[ABC Me]] (Australia) *[[TVNZ]] (New Zealand) *[[Korean Broadcasting System|KBS]] (South Korea) *[[Spacetoon]] (Indonesia) ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{wikiquote}} * [http://www.fox.com/bobsburgers Official website] [[Category:2011 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2010s American sitcoms]] [[Category:2020s American sitcoms]] [[Category:2010s American workplace television series]] [[Category:2010s American animated television series]] [[Category:2020s American animated television series]] [[Category:American workplace comedy television series]] [[Category:Television series by Disney]] [[Category:Adult animated television series]] [[Category:Television series about families]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] kvoidampx32p62ij7sliqrohzrf9hyo 2 332868 10367659 10367500 2025-07-02T13:16:48Z Cyberbot I 224035 Setting task status to . ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10367659 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 10367660 10367659 2025-07-02T13:16:51Z Cyberbot I 224035 Setting task status to enable. ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10367660 wikitext text/x-wiki enable hvhnotax29pwsbexbq9ioaodoazlegg 10368378 10367660 2025-07-02T22:25:03Z Cyberbot I 224035 Setting task status to . ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10368378 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 10368379 10368378 2025-07-02T22:25:06Z Cyberbot I 224035 Setting task status to enable. ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10368379 wikitext text/x-wiki enable hvhnotax29pwsbexbq9ioaodoazlegg 10368954 10368379 2025-07-03T04:35:38Z Cyberbot I 224035 Setting task status to . ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10368954 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 10368955 10368954 2025-07-03T04:35:41Z Cyberbot I 224035 Setting task status to enable. ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10368955 wikitext text/x-wiki enable hvhnotax29pwsbexbq9ioaodoazlegg 10369079 10368955 2025-07-03T07:04:07Z Cyberbot I 224035 Setting task status to . ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10369079 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 10369080 10369079 2025-07-03T07:04:09Z Cyberbot I 224035 Setting task status to enable. ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10369080 wikitext text/x-wiki enable hvhnotax29pwsbexbq9ioaodoazlegg 10369096 10369080 2025-07-03T07:31:34Z Cyberbot I 224035 Setting task status to . ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10369096 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 10369097 10369096 2025-07-03T07:31:36Z Cyberbot I 224035 Setting task status to enable. ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10369097 wikitext text/x-wiki enable hvhnotax29pwsbexbq9ioaodoazlegg 10369098 10369097 2025-07-03T07:34:16Z Cyberbot I 224035 Setting task status to . ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10369098 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 10369099 10369098 2025-07-03T07:34:18Z Cyberbot I 224035 Setting task status to enable. ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10369099 wikitext text/x-wiki enable hvhnotax29pwsbexbq9ioaodoazlegg 10369171 10369099 2025-07-03T08:12:51Z Cyberbot I 224035 Setting task status to . ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10369171 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 10369172 10369171 2025-07-03T08:12:53Z Cyberbot I 224035 Setting task status to enable. ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10369172 wikitext text/x-wiki enable hvhnotax29pwsbexbq9ioaodoazlegg 10369292 10369172 2025-07-03T09:30:08Z Cyberbot I 224035 Setting task status to . ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10369292 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 10369293 10369292 2025-07-03T09:30:10Z Cyberbot I 224035 Setting task status to enable. ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10369293 wikitext text/x-wiki enable hvhnotax29pwsbexbq9ioaodoazlegg 10369305 10369293 2025-07-03T09:36:24Z Cyberbot I 224035 Setting task status to . ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10369305 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 10369306 10369305 2025-07-03T09:36:27Z Cyberbot I 224035 Setting task status to enable. ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10369306 wikitext text/x-wiki enable hvhnotax29pwsbexbq9ioaodoazlegg 2 332869 10367575 10367311 2025-07-02T12:08:39Z Cyberbot I 224035 Setting task status to . ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10367575 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 10367576 10367575 2025-07-02T12:08:42Z Cyberbot I 224035 Setting task status to enable. ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10367576 wikitext text/x-wiki enable hvhnotax29pwsbexbq9ioaodoazlegg 10368351 10367576 2025-07-02T22:15:49Z Cyberbot I 224035 Setting task status to . ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10368351 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 10368353 10368351 2025-07-02T22:15:51Z Cyberbot I 224035 Setting task status to enable. ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10368353 wikitext text/x-wiki enable hvhnotax29pwsbexbq9ioaodoazlegg 10368964 10368353 2025-07-03T04:51:34Z Cyberbot I 224035 Setting task status to . ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10368964 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 10368965 10368964 2025-07-03T04:51:37Z Cyberbot I 224035 Setting task status to enable. ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10368965 wikitext text/x-wiki enable hvhnotax29pwsbexbq9ioaodoazlegg 10369296 10368965 2025-07-03T09:30:56Z Cyberbot I 224035 Setting task status to . ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10369296 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 10369298 10369296 2025-07-03T09:30:59Z Cyberbot I 224035 Setting task status to enable. ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10369298 wikitext text/x-wiki enable hvhnotax29pwsbexbq9ioaodoazlegg 0 332877 10368143 10356668 2025-07-02T19:39:14Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* References */ US-EN 10368143 wikitext text/x-wiki {{update|date=November 2017}} {{Infobox television | image = Criminal-Minds.svg | genre = {{Plainlist| * [[Police procedural]] * [[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]] * [[Dramatic programming|Crime drama]] * [[Mystery movie|Mystery]] }} | creator = [[Jeff Davis (writer)|Jeff Davis]] | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Mandy Patinkin]] * [[Thomas Gibson]] * [[Lola Glaudini]] * [[Shemar Moore]] * [[Matthew Gray Gubler]] * [[A. J. Cook]] * [[Kirsten Vangsness]] * [[Paget Brewster]] * [[Joe Mantegna]] * [[Rachel Nichols (actress)|Rachel Nichols]] * [[Jeanne Tripplehorn]] * [[Jennifer Love Hewitt]] * [[Aisha Tyler]] * [[Adam Rodriguez]] * [[Damon Gupton]] * [[Daniel Henney]] }} | country = [[United States]] | language = English | num_seasons = 18 | num_episodes = 352 | list_episodes = List of Criminal Minds episodes | executive_producer = {{Plainlist| * [[Mark Gordon (producer)|Mark Gordon]] * [[Jeff Davis (writer)|Jeff Davis]] * [[Edward Allen Bernero]] * [[Deborah Spera]] * Chris Mundy * [[Simon Mirren]] * [[Erica Messer]] * [[Janine Sherman Barrois]] * [[Breen Frazier]] * Harry Bring * Glenn Kershaw }} | runtime = 42 minutes | company = {{Plainlist| * [[The Mark Gordon Company]] * [[Entertainment One]] * [[ABC Signature|ABC Studios]]{{efn|Credited as [[ABC Signature|Touchstone Television]] through season 2}} * [[CBS Studios|CBS Television Studios]]{{efn|Credited as [[Paramount Television|Paramount Network Television]] for season 1 and as [[CBS Studios|CBS Paramount Network Television]] for seasons 2–4}} }} | network = [[CBS]] | first_aired = {{Start date|2005|9|22}} | last_aired = Present | related = {{Plainlist| * ''[[Criminal Minds: Suspect Behavior]]'' * ''[[Criminal Minds: Beyond Borders]]'' * ''[[Criminal Minds (South Korean TV series)|Criminal Minds]]'' (South Korea) }} }} {{Stub}} '''''Criminal Minds''''' is an [[United States|American]] [[police procedural]] [[television series]]. It was first [[broadcast]] on September 22, 2005, on [[CBS]]. It is about a group of [[Crime|criminal]] profilers (people who use [[psychology]] to find likely [[Suspect|suspects]]) from the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]]. As a group, they are known as the Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU). On March 14, 2012, CBS renewed Criminal Minds for an eighth season, which premiered on September 26, 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2012/03/14/cbs-renews-18-shows-the-good-wife-blue-bloods-2-broke-girls-the-mentalist-mike-molly-many-more/124487/ |title=CBS Renews 18 Shows: 'The Good Wife,' 'Blue Bloods,' '2 Broke Girls,' 'The Mentalist,' 'Mike & Molly' & Many More |work=TV by the Numbers |last=Gorman |first=Bill |date=March 14, 2012 |access-date=March 14, 2012 |archive-date=June 7, 2012 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/68FEW7pLv?url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2012/03/14/cbs-renews-18-shows-the-good-wife-blue-bloods-2-broke-girls-the-mentalist-mike-molly-many-more/124487/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The series ended on February 19, 2020. On November 24, 2022,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rice|first=Lynette|date=2022-09-21|title=‘Criminal Minds: Evolution’ Announces Premiere Date On Paramount+|url=https://deadline.com/2022/09/criminal-minds-evolution-premiere-date-paramount-1235123822/|access-date=2025-03-13|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref> CBS revived the show with the new name '''Criminal Minds: Evolution'''. == Notes == {{notelist}} == References == {{Reflist}} {{tv-stub}} [[Category:2005 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2000s American television series]] [[Category:2010s American television series]] [[Category:2020s American television series]] [[Category:American crime drama television series]] [[Category:CBS network shows]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] jlufyo00fnf1wkyerv7uwrhxjd4i4zc 0 333423 10367845 9715011 2025-07-02T16:01:56Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ US-EN 10367845 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = | caption = | genre = [[Sitcom]] | creator = {{Plainlist| * [[Josh Gad]] * [[Jon Lovett]] * [[Jason Winer]] }} | starring = {{Plainlist| * Josh Gad * [[Jenna Elfman]] * [[Martha MacIsaac]] * [[Andre Holland]] * [[Amara Miller]] * [[Benjamin Stockham]] * [[Bill Pullman]] }} | opentheme = | endtheme = | composer = {{Plainlist| * Erica Weis * Brandon Williams }} | country = United States | language = English | num_seasons = 1 | num_episodes = 13 | list_episodes = | executive_producer = {{Plainlist| * Josh Gad * [[Jon Lovett]] * Jason Winer * [[Mike Royce]] }} | producer = | camera = [[Single-camera setup|Single-camera]] | runtime = 22 minutes | company = {{Plainlist| *Angry Child Productions *Snowpants Productions *Small Dog Picture Company *[[20th Century Fox Television]] }} | network = [[NBC]] | first_aired = {{Start date|2012|12|17}} | last_aired = {{End date|2013|3|28}} | related = }} '''''1600 Penn''''' is an [[United States|American]] [[sitcom]] created by [[Josh Gad]] and former [[Barack Obama]] [[wikt:speechwriter|speechwriter]], [[Jon Lovett]] for the [[NBC]] [[television network]].<ref name="washingtonpost.com">https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/nbc-orders-pilot-for-1600-penn-with-former-obama-speechwriter-as-producer/2011/10/24/gIQAkd0hDM_story.html</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/feature/tv-pilot-season-2012|title=Pilot Season: A Look at Key TV Shows in Development|website=Metacritic|access-date=2019-01-20|archive-date=2020-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032020/https://www.metacritic.com/feature/tv-pilot-season-2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Plot == It shows a family and about their life in the [[White House]].<ref name="washingtonpost.com"/> == References == {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{Official website|http://www.nbc.com/1600-penn/}} *{{IMDb title|2266639}} {{tv-stub}} [[Category:2010s American sitcoms]] [[Category:2010s American television series debuts]] [[Category:2010s American television series endings]] [[Category:2012 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2013 American television series endings]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:American sitcoms]] [[Category:NBC network series]] g2eq0ykbre83rqjgy830ne9081qn4rm 0 336135 10368746 10352462 2025-07-03T02:26:57Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368746 wikitext text/x-wiki {{no sources}} {{Infobox disease | Name = Hypothyroidism | Image = Thyroide.jpg | Alt = The thyroid gland located within the neck | Caption = Hypothroidism is when the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone. | DiseasesDB = 6558 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|E|03|9|e|00}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|244.9}} | MedlinePlus = 000353 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 1145 | MeshID = D007037 }} '''Hypothyroidism''' is a [[medical condition]]. If a person has hypothyroidism, their [[thyroid gland]] does not make enough [[hormones]]. This condition is also called underactive thyroid.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) - Symptoms and causes|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypothyroidism/symptoms-causes/syc-20350284|access-date=2025-06-16|website=Mayo Clinic|language=en}}</ref> It can be caused by many factors, but it is more common when a person has insufficient [[iodine]]. Severe hypothyroidism in [[infants]] can result in [[cretinism]]. Symptoms of hypothyroidism include the following: tiredness, headaches, weight gain, dry skin, constipation, and poor concentration. [[File:Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism.png|thumb|300px|Symptoms and signs of hypothyroidism.]] {|class="wikitable" style = "margin-left:15px; text-align:center" ! Symptoms ! Signs |- | [[Fatigue (medical)|Fatigue]] | Dry, coarse skin |- | Feeling cold | Cool extremities |- | Poor memory and concentration | [[Myxedema]] ([[mucopolysaccharide]] deposits in the skin) |- | [[Constipation]] | [[Alopecia|Hair loss]] |- | Weight gain with poor appetite | [[Bradycardia|Slow pulse rate]] |- | [[Dyspnea|Shortness of breath]] | [[edema|Swelling]] of the limbs |- | [[Dysphonia|Hoarse voice]] | Delayed relaxation of [[tendon reflex]]es |- | [[Menorrhagia|Heavy period]]s (and later [[oligomenorrhea|light periods]]) | [[Carpal tunnel syndrome]] |- | [[Paresthesia|Abnormal sensation]] | [[Pleural effusion]], [[ascites]], [[pericardial effusion]] |- | Poor hearing | |} [[File:Eye bags.png|thumb|left|<center>'''Eye bags'''<br><small>(periorbital bilateral edema)</small></center><br>Can be a sign of different medical disorders including hypothyroidism.]] {{clear}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{cite web |title=Hypothyroidism information for patients|publisher=American Thyroid Association |url=http://www.thyroid.org/hypothyroidism/ }} {{Medical condition classification and resources | DiseasesDB = 6558 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|E|03|9|e|00}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|244.9}} | MedlinePlus = 000353 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 1145 | MeshID = D007037 }} {{Thyroid disease}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Thyroid disease]] [[Category:Endocrine diseases]] [[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] [[Category:Iodine]] [[Category:Metabolic disorders]] ov8hdbw9k0mmt9fnyohbde890d114zp 0 338205 10369249 10242194 2025-07-03T08:57:29Z Otto Knell 109179 Fixed typo 10369249 wikitext text/x-wiki {{listen |filename=Dance Of The Sugar Plum Fairy.oga |image=[[File:NatalieBöckNussknacker.jpg|100px]] |description=(left) Natalie Böck as the Sugar Plum Fairy |title=Variation of the Sugar Plum Fairy |format=[[Ogg]]}} [[File:Arabesque-nutcracker.jpg|thumb|A ballerina dancing the dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy]] "'''Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy'''" is a dance for a ballerina. It is the third movement in ''[[The Nutcracker pas de deux]]''. This ''[[pas de deux]]'' is from Act 2 of the 1892 ballet ''[[The Nutcracker]]''. It is danced by the principal female dancer. The number was [[choreography|choreographed]] by [[Lev Ivanov]] to music written by [[Tchaikovsky]]. Choreographer [[Marius Petipa]] wanted the Sugar Plum Fairy's music to sound like "drops of water shooting from a fountain". Tchaikovsky found the ideal instrument to do this job in [[Paris]] in 1891. It was then that he came across the recently invented ''[[celesta]]''. This instrument looked like a [[piano]]. It sounded like [[bell]]s. Tchaikovsky wrote, "[The celesta is] midway between a tiny piano and a [[Glockenspiel]], with a divinely wonderful sound." He wanted to use the celesta in ''The Nutcracker''. He asked his publisher to buy one. He wanted to keep the purchase a secret. He did not want other Russian composers to "get wind of it and ... use it for unusual effects before me."<ref>Brown p. 349</ref> Tchaikovsky introduced the ''celesta'' to Russian music lovers on 19 March 1892 when the ''[[Nutcracker Suite]]'' was performed for the Russian Musical Society in St. Petersburg.<ref>Anderson p. 53</ref> The instrument is forever identified with the Sugar Plum Fairy. It is heard in other parts of Act 2 of ''The Nutcracker'' besides the Sugar Plum Fairy's dance.<ref>Wiley pp. 228-9</ref> The "Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy" is one of the ballet's best known musical numbers. It is often "jazzed up" for television commercials at Christmas time. There is little information about the Sugar Plum Fairy's original choreography. In the first performances the ''presto'' at the end of the dance was cut. According to Roland John Wiley, the dance appears to have consisted of short ''pointe'' steps, ''petite batteries'', and ''attitudes'' in various combinations. He describes the dance as having "a sense of dynamic build up: from delicate angularity ... to circular shapes, to plainer but more virtuoso movements{{mdash}}''pirouettes'' to ''rounds de jambe''{{mdash}}near the end."<ref name=wil219>Wiley p. 219</ref> The first Sugar Plum Fairy was [[Antonietta Dell'Era]]. She was a good technician, but Tchaikovsky's brother Modest described her as pudgy and unattractive. Although the Sugar Plum Fairy is the ''prima ballerina'' of ''The Nutcracker'', she has very little dancing to do. This was considered a major defect among early critics. Dell'Era tried to expand the role of the Sugar Plum Fairy in later performances by putting a [[gavotte]] by Czibulka into the [[sheet music|score]].<ref>Anderson p. 51, 53</ref> == References == ;Notes {{reflist}} ;Sources * Anderson, Jack. 1979. ''The Nutcracker Ballet''. Gallery Books. * Brown, David. 1991. ''Tchaikovsky: the final years, 1885-1893''. Norton. * Wiley, Roland John. 1985. ''Tchaikovsky's Ballets''. Oxford University Press. * Luke Cibelli. 1985. {{DEFAULTSORT:Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy}} [[Category:Ballets by Lev Ivanov]] [[Category:Compositions by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]] [[Category:Ballets first performed by the St. Petersburg Imperial Ballet]] kxyrrvc1kcqbbb7v2x06tvf3y804yf4 0 346354 10369287 10358890 2025-07-03T09:27:22Z BlackJack 572554 Added {{[[Template:copyedit|copyedit]]}} and {{[[Template:more sources|more sources]]}} tags to article ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{copyedit|date=July 2025}} {{more sources|date=July 2025}} {{update|date=January 2017}} {{Infobox Test team |team_name=West Indies |image= |image_caption=West Indies cricket crest |test status year=1928 |first test match=v {{flagicon|ENG}} [[English cricket team|England]] at [[Lord's]], London, 23–26 June 1928 |current captain=[[Darren Sammy]] |current coach={{flagicon|Barbados}} [[Ottis Gibson]] |current official rank=7th (Test)<br/> 8th (ODI)<br/> 8th (T20) |number of tests=476 |win/loss record=154/157 |most recent test match=v {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Australian national cricket team|Australia]] at Windsor Park, Roseau, 23-27 April 2012 |test matches this year=8 |win/loss record this year=2/3 |asofdate=12 November 2011}} [[File:Learie Constantine.jpg|200px|right|thumb|[[Learie Constantine]] was one of the first great West Indian players. He played Test cricket in the 1920s and 1930s. He later became active in politics, was the first High Commissioner from Trinidad and Tobago to the UK, and entered the [[House of Lords]] as Baron Constantine of Maraval and Nelson.]] The '''West Indies [[cricket]] team''', sometimes nicknamed the '''Windies''', is a multi-national group of 15 [[Caribbean]] countries, British dependencies and non-British dependencies. From the mid 1970s to the early 1990s, the West Indies team was one of the strongest in the world in both [[Test cricket|Test]] and [[One Day International]] cricket. A number of cricketers among the best in the world have played for the West Indies. Sir [[Garfield Sobers]], [[Lance Gibbs]], [[Gordon Greenidge]], [[George Headley]], [[Clive Lloyd]], [[Malcolm Marshall]], [[Andy Roberts (cricketer)|Andy Roberts]], [[Alvin Kallicharran]], [[Rohan Kanhai]], [[Frank Worrell]], [[Everton Weekes]], [[Curtly Ambrose]], [[Michael Holding]], [[Joel Garner]] and Sir [[Viv Richards]] are in the [[ICC Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.catchthespirit.com/hall_of_fame/hall_of_famers.aspx|title=ICC Hall of Fame|publisher=ICC|accessdate=23 September 2009|archive-date=9 February 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090209081021/http://catchthespirit.com/hall_of_fame/hall_of_famers.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> World-record holder [[Brian Lara]], of the [[Trinidad and Tobago men's cricket team]], was a West Indies Test player.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/content/player/52337.html|title=Player Profile: Brian Lara|publisher=CricInfo|accessdate=23 September 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/content/player/52812.html|title=Player Profile: Sir Viv Richards|publisher=CricInfo|accessdate=23 September 2009}}</ref> The West Indies won the ICC [[Cricket World Cup]] twice, in 1975 and 1979. They won the [[ICC Champions Trophy]] in 2004. They were runners up in the [[Under 19 Cricket World Cup]] in 2004. They were semi finalists in the [[ICC World Twenty20]] in 2009. They were the first cricket team to win the World Cup twice. West Indies are also the first team to win back to back World Cups. West Indies is the first team to appear in three consecutive World Cup finals (1975, 1979 and 1983). ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Cricket teams in the West Indies|Men]] [[Category:Sport in the Caribbean]] [[Category:1928 establishments]] [[Category:Caribbean organizations]] [[Category:Test cricket teams]] [[Category:Men's national cricket teams]] 4cd6o4237tt6152ai73esvdieedqmjr 0 346445 10369321 10271875 2025-07-03T09:43:08Z BlackJack 572554 Added {{[[Template:copyedit|copyedit]]}}, {{[[Template:more sources|more sources]]}} and {{[[Template:update|update]]}} tags (within {{[[Template:multiple issues|multiple issues]]}}) to article ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369321 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiple issues| {{copyedit|date=July 2025}} {{more sources|date=July 2025}} {{update|date=July 2025}} }} {{Infobox Test team |team_name = Australia National Cricket Team |colour = #ffcb3b |test status year = 1877 |first test match = v [[England cricket team|England]] at [[Melbourne Cricket Ground]], Melbourne, 15–19 March 1877 ([http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62396.html scorecard]) |current captain= [[Pat Cummins]] |image = |image_caption = Insignia on the [[baggy green]] |current official rank = 2nd (Test), 1st (ODI), 6th (T20I) |number of tests = 859 |most recent test match = v. {{flag|England}} at The Oval, [[London]]; 27–31 July 2023 |current coach = [[Andrew McDonald]] |win/loss record = 408/231 |test matches this year = 11 |win/loss record this year= 4/4 (3 draws) |asofdate = 17 September 2023 |World Test Championship appearances=2 (first in 2019–2021)}} The '''Australian cricket team''' is the national cricket team of [[Australia]]. It is the joint oldest team in [[Test cricket]]. They were in the first Test match in 1877.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62396.html |title=1st Test: Australia v England at Melbourne, Mar&nbsp;15–19, 1877 &#124; Cricket Scorecard |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |date=1 January 1970 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> The team also plays [[One Day International]] cricket and [[Twenty20 International]]. They were in the first ODI, against [[England cricket team|England]] in the 1970–71 season.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/64148.html |title=Only ODI: Australia v England at Melbourne, Jan&nbsp;5, 1971 &#124; Cricket Scorecard |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> They were in the first Twenty20 International, against [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]] in the 2004–05 season.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/australia/engine/match/211048.html |title=Only T20I: New Zealand v Australia at Auckland, Feb&nbsp;17, 2005 &#124; Cricket Scorecard |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> They won both games. The Australian team has played 859 Test matches, winning 408, losing 231, drawing 218 and [[Tied Test|tying]] two.<ref>{{cite web|title=Records &#124; Test matches &#124; Team Records &#124; Results Summary &#124; ESPN Cricinfo|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/results-summary-283877|access-date=17 September 2023|publisher=Stats.espncricinfo.com}}</ref> Australia ranked the number-one team overall in Test cricket in terms of overall wins, win-loss ratio and wins percentage. Australia is ranked fourth in the [[ICC Test Championship]] behind England, [[South Africa]] and [[India]]. They led the Test rankings for a record time of 74 months from 2003 to 2009. Australia has played 982 ODI matches, winning 596, losing 343, tying nine and with 34 ending in [[no-result]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Records &#124; One-Day Internationals &#124; Team records &#124; Results summary &#124; ESPN Cricinfo|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283878.html|access-date=17 September 2023|publisher=Stats.espncricinfo.com}}</ref> They have led the [[ICC ODI Championship]] since it started for all but 48 days in 2007. Australia made a record six [[Cricket World Cup|World Cup]] final appearances (1975, 1987, 1996, 1999, 2003 and 2007). They have won the World Cup a record four times in total; [[1987 Cricket World Cup]], [[1999 Cricket World Cup]], [[2003 Cricket World Cup]] and [[2007 Cricket World Cup]]. Australia is the first team to be in 4 consecutive World Cup finals (1996, 1999, 2003 and 2007). The team was undefeated in 34 consecutive World Cup matches until 19 March at the [[2011 Cricket World Cup]]. There [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] beat them by 4 wickets.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/9428278.stm |work=BBC News | title=World Cup day 29 as it happened | date=19 March 2011}}</ref> Australia won the [[ICC Champions Trophy]] twice – in 2006 and in 2009 – making them the first and the only team to become back to back winners in the Champions Trophy tournaments. The team has also played 177 Twenty20 Internationals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283307.html |title=Records &#124; Twenty20 Internationals &#124; Team records &#124; Results summary &#124; ESPN Cricinfo |publisher=Stats.espncricinfo.com |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> ==Tournament history== {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !colspan=9|[[Cricket World Cup|World Cup record]] |- ! width=150 |Year ! width=150 |Round ! width=50 |Position ! width=50 |GP ! width=50 |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR |- style="background:silver;" |{{flagicon|England}} [[1975 Cricket World Cup|1975]]|| Second Place||2/8||5||3||2||0||0 |- |{{flagicon|England}} [[1979 Cricket World Cup|1979]]||Round 1||6/8||3||1||2||0||0 |- |{{flagicon|England}} [[1983 Cricket World Cup|1983]]||Round 1||6/8||6||2||4||0||0 |- style="background:gold;" |{{flagicon|India}}{{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[1987 Cricket World Cup|1987]]||'''Champions'''||1/8||8||7||1||0||0 |- |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|AUS}} {{flagicon|NZL}} [[1992 Cricket World Cup|1992]]||Round 1||5/9||8||4||4||0||0 |- style="background:silver;" |{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|PAK}} {{flagicon|SRI}} [[1996 Cricket World Cup|1996]]||Second Place||2/12||7||5||2||0||0 |- style="background:gold;" |{{flagicon|England}} [[1999 Cricket World Cup|1999]]||'''Champions'''||1/12||10||7||2||1||0 |- style="background:gold;" |{{flagicon|RSA}} [[2003 Cricket World Cup|2003]]||'''Champions'''||1/14||11||11||0||0||0 |- style="background:gold;" |{{flagicon|West Indies}} [[2007 Cricket World Cup|2007]]||'''Champions'''||1/16||11||11||0||0||0 |- |{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|SRI}} {{flagicon|BGD}} [[2011 Cricket World Cup|2011]]||Quarter finalist||5/14||7||4||2||-||1 |- |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|AUS}} {{flagicon|NZL}} [[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]]||Qualified||–||–||–||–||–||– |- |{{flagicon|England}} [[2019 Cricket World Cup|2019]]||Qualified||–||–||–||–||–||– |- |'''Total'''||Automatic Qualification at all times||4/10||76||55||19||1||0 |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width=900px;" |- !colspan=9|[[ICC World Twenty20|World Twenty20 record]] |- ! width=150 |Year ! width=150 |Round ! width=50 |Position ! width=50 |GP ! width=50 |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR |- style="background:beige;" |{{flagicon|South Africa}} [[2007 ICC World Twenty20|2007]]||Semi Final||3/12||6||3||3||0||0 |- |{{flagicon|England}} [[2009 ICC World Twenty20|2009]]||Round 1||11/12||2||0||2||0||0 |- style="background:silver;" |{{flagicon|West Indies}} [[2010 ICC World Twenty20|2010]]||Second Place||2/12||7||6||1||0||0 |- |'''Total'''||Automatic qualification at all times||0/3||15||9||6||0||0 |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width=900px;" |- !colspan=9|[[ICC Champions Trophy|Champions Trophy record]] |- ! width=150 |Year ! width=150 |Round ! width=50 |Position ! width=50 |GP ! width=50 |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR |- |{{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998]]||Qtr Final||6/9||1||0||1||0||0 |- |{{flagicon|Kenya}} [[2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy|2000]]||Qtr Final||5/11||1||0||1||0||0 |- |{{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} [[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]]||Semi Final||4/12||3||2||1||0||0 |- |{{flagicon|England}} [[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004]]||Semi Final||3/12||3||2||1||0||0 |- style="background:gold;" |{{flagicon|India}} [[2006 ICC Champions Trophy|2006]]||Champions||1/12||5||4||1||0||0 |- style="background:gold;" |{{flagicon|South Africa}} [[2009 ICC Champions Trophy|2009]]||Champions||1/8||5||4||0||0||1 |- |'''Total'''||6 appearances||2/6||18||12||5||0||1 |} {{col-end}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{National sports teams of Australia}} [[Category:National sports teams of Australia|Cricket]] [[Category:1877 establishments in Australia]] [[Category:Cricket teams in Australia|Men]] [[Category:Test cricket teams]] [[Category:Men's national cricket teams]] r2h42den1cvu9fe3hb9ulis2ototgsh 0 348932 10368878 10223565 2025-07-03T03:41:59Z 240A:61:61A7:5A4:4410:9030:4675:8800 10368878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infox person | name = Ray Liotta | image = Ray Liotta Deauville 2014 3.jp | caption = Liotta in September 2014 | birth_n ame = Raymond Allen Liotta | birth_date = {{Birth date|1954|12|18}} | birth_place = [[Newark, New Jersey]], U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|2022|5|26|1954|12|18}} | death_place = [[Santo Domingo]], [[video maker]] | death_cause = [[Heart failure]] and [[pulmonary edema]] | occupation = {{hlist|Actor|producer}} | years_active = 1978–2022 | spouse = {{marriage|Michelle Grace|1997|2004|end=divorced}} | partner = Jacy Nittolo (2020&ndash;2022) | children = 1 }} '''Raymond Allen Liotta''' (December 18, 1954 &ndash; May 26, 2022) was an [[Americans|American]] [[actor]] and [[movie producer]]. He was born and raised in [[Newark, New Jersey]]. He was [[adoption|adopted]] when he was six [[month]]s old. His [[movie]] [[role]]s include: Ray Sinclair in ''[[Something Wild (1986 movie)|Something Wild]]'', [[Shoeless Joe Jackson]] in ''[[Field of Dreams]]'', [[Henry Hill]] in ''[[Goodfellas]]'', [[police officer|Officer]] Pete Davis in ''[[Unlawful Entry (movie)|Unlawful Entry]]'' and [[Detective]] [[Lieutenant]] Henry Oak in ''[[Narc (movie)|Narc]]''. He won an [[Emmy Award]] for his role in ''[[ER (TV series)|ER]]''. He is best known for playing [[villain]]s and tough guys. He has also played [[sympathy|sympathetic]] characters. ==Career== One of Liotta's earliest roles was as Joey Perrini on the soap opera ''[[Another World (TV series)|Another World]]''. He appeared on the show from 1978 to 1981. In his first movie his character [[sexual assault|sexually assaulted]] [[Pia Zadora]]'s character with a garden hose in the cult classic ''[[The Lonely Lady]]''. In 1987, he earned his first [[Golden Globe]] nomination<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www1.hfpa.org/browse/member/29970| title = HFPA – Awards Search| accessdate = July 7, 2009| publisher = 1.hfpa.org| archive-date = September 26, 2007| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070926225714/http://www1.hfpa.org/browse/member/29970| url-status = dead}}</ref> for ''[[Something Wild (1986 movie)|Something Wild]]''. In 1989, he costarred, along with [[Kevin Costner]], in the [[Fantasy movie|fantasy]]/drama movie, ''[[Field of Dreams]]''. Liotta was [[Shoeless Joe Jackson]], the ghost of the famed baseball player. In 1990, Liotta was real-life mobster [[Henry Hill (mobster)|Henry Hill]] in [[Martin Scorsese]]'s movie ''[[Goodfellas]]''. In 1992, he costarred, along with [[Kurt Russell]] and [[Madeleine Stowe]], in the thriller ''[[Unlawful Entry (movie)|Unlawful Entry]]'' as a [[psychopath]]ic cop. He also had a leading role in Sci-Fi/Action movie ''[[No Escape]]''. Liotta earned more praise for [[James Mangold]]'s movie ''[[Cop Land]]'', starring alongside [[Sylvester Stallone]], [[Robert De Niro]] and [[Harvey Keitel]]. In 1998, he received praise the crime movie ''[[Phoenix (movie)|Phoenix]]''. In addition to his movie roles, Liotta was singer [[Frank Sinatra]] in the 1998 TV movie ''[[The Rat Pack (movie)|The Rat Pack]]''. He received a [[Screen Actors Guild]] Award nomination for this role. He provided the voice of [[Tommy Vercetti]] for the 2002 video game ''[[Grand Theft Auto: Vice City]]''. He received an [[Independent Spirit Award]] nomination and a [[Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards]] nomination for Best Supporting Male for the movie ''[[Narc (movie)|Narc]]''. He then reunited with director [[James Mangold]] in 2003 alongside [[John Cusack]] and [[Alfred Molina]] in the dark horror-thriller ''[[Identity (movie)|Identity]]''. He also narrated ''[[Inside the Mafia]]'' for the [[National Geographic Channel]] in 2005. He appeared with [[John Travolta]] in the movie ''[[Wild Hogs]]'' and with [[Johnny Depp]] in the 2001 movie ''[[Blow (movie)|Blow]]''. In 2011, he starred in [[The Son of No One]], opposite [[Channing Tatum]] and [[Al Pacino]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.observeandreport.org/| title = Observe and Report| accessdate = July 7, 2009| publisher = Observeandreport.com| archive-date = June 3, 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090603181212/http://observeandreport.org/| url-status = dead}}</ref> Liotta's recent movies include ''[[Date Night]]'' with [[Steve Carell]], ''[[Charlie St. Cloud (movie)|Charlie St. Cloud]]'' with [[Zac Efron]], the independent drama ''[[Snowmen (movie)|Snowmen]]'', and ''[[The River Sorrow]]'', which stars Liotta as a detective alongside [[Christian Slater]] and [[Ving Rhames]]. ==Personal life== Liotta married actress [[Michelle Grace]] in February 1997. Their daughter, Karsen, was born in December 1998. The couple divorced in 2004. Liotta lived in [[Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles|Pacific Palisades, California]]. Liotta died on May 26, 2022 while filming a movie in [[Santo Domingo]], [[Dominican Republic]] at the age of 67.<ref>[https://deadline.com/2022/05/ray-liotta-dies-67-godfellas-1235033521/ ‘Goodfellas’ Star Ray Liotta Dies at 67]</ref> The cause of death was [[heart failure]] and [[pulmonary edema]].<ref>[https://www.etonline.com/ray-liottas-cause-of-death-revealed-204191 Ray Liotta's Cause of Death Revealed]</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * {{imdb|0000501}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Liotta, Ray}} [[Category:Actors from Newark, New Jersey]] [[Category:American adoptees]] [[Category:American movie actors]] [[Category:American television actors]] [[Category:American voice actors]] [[Category:Emmy Award winning actors]] [[Category:Movie producers from New Jersey]] [[Category:Businesspeople from Newark, New Jersey]] [[Category:1954 births]] [[Category:2022 deaths]] [[Category:Deaths from heart failure]] [[Category:Deaths from pulmonary edema]] 6qqdi69px6eakbhro26ahe4wm7qghm2 0 349158 10369024 10075622 2025-07-03T05:48:20Z Julipero 1604351 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 10369024 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:MT HASSAN DORMANT VOLCANO CAPPADOCIA CENTRAL TURKEY OCT 2011 (6394626553).jpg|thumb|Mt Hassan in Turkey last erupted 8500 years ago. It is a dormant volcano, and has [[fumarole]]s, which means that it is not an [[extinct volcano]].]] [[File:TopOfMountDamavand.ogg|thumb|Fumaroles near the summit on [[Mount Damavand]] in Iran, which is a sign of a dormant volcano.]] '''Dormant volcanos''' are the [[volcano]]s that are quiet but might erupt again in the future.<ref>The plural of volcano can be ''either'' volcanos or volcanoes. Both are equally correct, and it is not a matter of British vs US spelling. ''Oxford English Dictionary''. Spelling in any particular Simple page tries to be consistent.</ref> If a volcano that has been silent for years erupts again or shows activity, it is called a "dormant volcano". Vesuvius of [[Italy]] is a prime example. After many years of dormancy, it re-emerged in 1931. Then it is dormant again. For example, [[Krakatoa]] in [[Indonesia]], [[Aconcagua]] in [[Argentina]], and [[Mount Fuji]] in [[Japan]] are dormant volcanoes. ==Difficult to classify== It is difficult to distinguish active and inactive volcanos. For example, some scientists have described [[Mount Fuji]] as dormant or inactive.<ref name="ball">Ball, Jessica. [http://www.earthmagazine.org/article/voices-dead-or-alive-or-neither-why-dormant-volcano-not-dead-one "Voices: Dead or alive ... or neither? Why a dormant volcano is not a dead one,"] ''Earth Magazine'' (American Geosciences Institute). September 8, 2010; retrieved 2012-6-14.</ref> That volcano has been dormant since its last eruption in 1707,<ref>[[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac]]. (1834). [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA416 ''Annales des empereurs du japon'', p. 416]; Shizuoka University, [http://sk01.ed.shizuoka.ac.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/1707.html 宝永四年（1707）噴火] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812141355/http://sk01.ed.shizuoka.ac.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/1707.html |date=2017-08-12 }}; retrieved 2012-6-14.</ref> but is also classified as active.<ref>Britannica Online, [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/221527/Mount-Fuji "Mount Fuji"]; retrieved 2012-6-14.</ref> The Geological Survey of Japan lists Mount Fuji as among the active volcanoes on the island of [[Honshu]].<ref>Geological Survey of Japan, [http://riodb02.ibase.aist.go.jp/strata/VOL_JP/EN/act_map.htm "Active Volcanoes in Japan"]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Mis-labelled as dormant or extinct== Some volcanoes may remain dormant for a long time; and an eruption is a surprise. Before 79 AD, [[Vesuvius]] was considered dormant. Before 1991, the [[Mount Pinatubo|Pinatubo]] volcano in the [[Philippines]] was labelled as dormant. Before 1995, the [[Soufrière Hills|Soufriere Hills]] volcano on the island of [[Montserrat]] was dormant.<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1260293/Montserrat-Soufriere-Hills-volcano-erupts-Caribbean-island.html "'Ladies and gentlemen, on your left you will see an erupting volcano': The stunning sight Caribbean holidaymakers saw from plane,"] ''Daily Mail'' (UK). 1 April 2010; retrieved 2012-6-14.</ref> Before 1980, [[Mt. St. Helens]] in the United States was dormant. ==Select list== There are many examples of volcanoes which are considered dormant. * [[Mauna Kea]] in [[Hawaii]],<ref>University of Hawaii, Institute of Astronomy, [http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/mko/about_maunakea.htm "About Mauna Kea Observatories"]; retrieved 2012-6-14.</ref> the United States * [[Mount Edziza]] in Canada<ref>British Columbia Parks, [http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/explore/parkpgs/mt_edziza/ "Mount Edziza Provincial Park"]; retrieved 2012-6-15.</ref> * Mount [[Kilimanjaro]] in Tanzania * [[Western Victorian Volcanic Plains]] in [[Australia]]<ref>University of Western Australia, [http://www.seismicity.see.uwa.edu.au/welcome/seismicity_in_australia/volcanoes_and_earthquakes_in_southeastern_australia "Volcanoes & Earthquakes in SE Australia,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120611184847/http://www.seismicity.see.uwa.edu.au/welcome/seismicity_in_australia/volcanoes_and_earthquakes_in_southeastern_australia |date=2012-06-11 }} 2 December 2004; retrieved 2012-6-14.</ref> * [[Trou aux Cerfs|Trou aux Cerf]] in Mauritius *[[Mount Hood]] in [[Oregon]], the [[United States]]<ref name="ball"/> *[[Lake Toba]] in Indonesia ==Related pages== * [[List of volcanos|List of volcanoes]] * [[List of active volcanoes]] * [[List of extinct volcanoes]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{Stub}} [[Category:Volcanoes]] l2u1y52v292bm4sk8bei2xojpdoty0x 0 353417 10368942 9183176 2025-07-03T04:18:04Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 typo: duplication 10368942 wikitext text/x-wiki '''High-functioning autism''' ('''HFA''') is an informal term given to [[autistic]] people who do not have an [[intellectual disability]], but may exhibit difficulties in [[communication]], recognising [[Emotion|emotions]], and [[social interaction]].<ref name="Sanders2009">{{cite journal|last1=Sanders|first1=James Ladell|year=2009|title=Qualitative or Quantitative Differences Between Asperger's Disorder and Autism? Historical Considerations|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-autism-and-developmental-disorders_2009-11_39_11/page/1560|journal=Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders|volume=39|issue=11|pages=1560–1567|doi=10.1007/s10803-009-0798-0|issn=0162-3257|pmid=19548078|s2cid=26351778}}</ref><ref name="arn">{{cite journal|last1=Carpenter|first1=Laura Arnstein|last2=Soorya|first2=Latha|last3=Halpern|first3=Danielle|year=2009|title=Asperger's Syndrome and High-Functioning Autism|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_pediatric-annals_2009-01_38_1/page/30|journal=Pediatric Annals|volume=38|issue=1|pages=30–5|doi=10.3928/00904481-20090101-01|pmid=19213291}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Andari|first1=Elissar|last2=Duhamel|first2=Jean-René|last3=Zalla|first3=Tiziana|last4=Herbrecht|first4=Evelyn|last5=Leboyer|first5=Marion|last6=Sirigu|first6=Angela|date=2 March 2019|title=Promoting social behavior with oxytocin in highfunctioning autism spectrum disorders|journal=[[PNAS]]|volume=107|issue=9|pages=4389–4394|doi=10.1073/pnas.0910249107|pmc=2840168|pmid=20160081|doi-access=free}}</ref> The overlap between HFA and [[Asperger syndrome]] is subject to controversy; both are [[autism spectrum]] conditions. Many medical professionals, autistic people, and supporters of [[Autism rights movement|autistic rights]] disagree with the use of "functioning" labels, as many "high-" or "[[Low-functioning autism|low-functioning]]" autistic people may be able to [[wikt:function|function]] differently at different times.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bottema-Beutel |first1=Kristen |last2=Kapp |first2=Steven K. |last3=Lester |first3=Jessica Nina |last4=Sasson |first4=Noah J. |last5=Hand |first5=Brittany N. |title=Avoiding Ableist Language: Suggestions for Autism Researchers |journal=Autism in Adulthood |date=1 March 2021 |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=18–29 |doi=10.1089/aut.2020.0014 |pmid=36601265 |pmc=8992888 |s2cid=221764244 |issn=2573-9581}}</ref> "Autism with/without intellectual disability" is preferred. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Autism spectrum}} {{Pervasive developmental disorders}} {{biology-stub}} [[Category:Autism]] mec3isfbjbxrhxtz1iwebw06c0lsytn 0 356661 10368815 10323829 2025-07-03T03:09:43Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = Mary Ann Mobley |image = Mary Ann Mobley, Brandon. (Miss Miss. '58,) (Miss America, '58-'59,) (Photo at WLBT)..png |image_size = |alt = |caption = Mary Ann Mobley in 1958 |birth_name = |birth_date= {{Birth date|1939|2|17|mf=n}} |birth_place = [[Biloxi, Mississippi]], [[United States|U.S.]] |death_date = {{Death date and age|2014|12|9|1939|2|17|mf=n}} |death_place = [[Beverly Hills, California]], U.S. |body_discovered = |death_cause = |resting_place = |resting_place_coordinates = |residence = |nationality = |ethnicity = |citizenship = |other_names = |known_for = |education = |alma_mater = [[University of Mississippi]] |employer = |occupation =Actress |years_active = |home_town = |salary = |networth = |title = [[Miss Mississippi]] 1958<br>[[Miss America]] 1959 |term = |predecessor =[[Marilyn Van Derbur]] |successor = [[Lynda Lee Mead]] |party = |opponents = |boards = |religion = |spouse = {{marriage|[[Gary Collins]]|1967|2012}}<br>(his death) |partner = |children = |parents = |relations = |callsign = |awards = |signature = |website = |footnotes = }} '''Mary Ann Mobley''' (February 17, 1939 &ndash; December 9, 2014) was an [[Americans|American]] [[television]] and [[movie]] actress. She appeared in the [[sitcom]]s ''[[Designing Women]]'' and ''[[Diff'rent Strokes]]'', and in other television programs. She was [[Miss America]] 1959. She was married to actor [[Gary Collins]] until his death in 2012. Mobley [[death|died]] at her home in [[Beverly Hills, California]] from [[breast cancer]], aged 75.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clarionledger.com/story/news/2014/12/09/mary-ann-mobley-dies/20163687/|title=Mary Ann Mobley, Mississippi's first Miss America, dies|publisher=Clarionledger.com|accessdate=December 9, 2014}}</ref> ==Filmography== ===Movies=== *1964: ''[[Get Yourself a College Girl]]'' - Teresa "Terry" Taylor *1965: ''[[Girl Happy]]''<ref>{{cite news |title=Elvis Presley Film Set For Weeklong Run |date=1965-05-29 |newspaper=[[The Free Lance-Star]] |location=Fredericksburg, Virginia |page=2}}</ref> - Deena *1965: ''[[Young Dillinger]]'' - Elaine *1965: ''[[Harum Scarum (movie)|Harum Scarum]]''<ref>{{cite news |title=Harum Scarum |date=1969-03-14 |newspaper=[[Evening Independent]] |location=St. Petersburg, Fla |page=9B}}</ref> - Princess Shalimar *1966: ''[[Three on a Couch]]'' - Susan Manning *1967: ''[[The King's Pirate]]'' - Princess Patna *1968: ''[[For Singles Only]]'' - Anne Carr ===Television=== {{Div col}} *1959: ''[[Take a Good Look (TV series)|Take a Good Look]] (ABC game show) - Herself *1960: ''Be Our Guest'' (CBS daytime TV show) *1963: ''[[General Hospital]]'' - Jonelle Andrews (1979) *1963-1965: ''[[Burke's Law (1963 TV series)|Burke's Law]]'' - Teri / Cindy / Girl / Denise / Sugar *1964-1966: ''[[Perry Mason (1957 TV series)|Perry Mason]]'' - Sharon Carmody / Dianne Adler *1965-1966: ''[[Run for Your Life (TV series)|Run for Your Life]]'' - Laura Bronson / Clarice Newell *1966: ''[[The Man from U.N.C.L.E.]]'' - April Dancer *1966: ''[[Mission: Impossible (1966 TV series)|Mission: Impossible]]'' - Crystal Walker *1967: ''[[The Virginian (TV series)|The Virginian]]'' - Ellie Willard *1967: ''[[Custer (TV series)|The Legend of Custer]]'' - Ann L'Andry *1968: ''Istanbul Express'' (TV Movie) - Peggy Coopersmith *1969: ''My Dog the Thief, Part 1'' (TV Movie) - Kim Lawrence<ref>"The Magical World of Disney: [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0064705/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1 "My Dog, the Thief: Part 1"]. (Episode aired Sep 21, 1969). ''IMDB.com''.</ref> *1969: ''My Dog the Thief, Part 2'' (TV Movie) - Kim Lawrence<ref>"The Magical World of Disney: [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0561141/?ref_=fn_al_tt_2 "My Dog, the Thief: Part 2"]. (Episode aired Sep 28, 1969). ''IMDB.com''.</ref> *1969–1973: ''[[Love, American Style]]'' - Linda / Joanne Fergusson / Carol / Pat *1969: ''[[Ironside (1967 TV series)|Ironside]]'' - Marcy Atkins *1972: ''[[Search (American TV series)|Search]]'' - Lilia Moen *1973: ''[[The Partridge Family]]'' - Audrey Parson *1973–1977: ''[[Match Game]]'' - Herself - Panelist *1974: ''[[The Girl on the Late, Late Show]]'' (TV Movie) - The Librarian *1974–1977: ''[[Tattletales]]'' - Herself *1977: ''[[The Fantastic Journey]]''<ref name="NYT_TFJ">{{cite news |last=Leonard |first=John |date=1977-02-03 |title=TV: 'Fantastic Journey' Stalled |language=en-US |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/02/03/archives/tvfantastic-journey-stalled.html |access-date=2022-07-13 |issn=0362-4331 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> - Rhea *1978–1984: ''[[Fantasy Island]]'' - Bryana Spencer / Nancy Carsons / Florence Richmond / Linda Roth / Amanda DeHaven / Ellie Drake / Sheila Crane / Pamela Deering *1978–1985: ''[[The Love Boat]]'' (3 episodes)<ref name=Area/> - Annette Epshaw / Marion Vail / Mrs. Diller *1979-1980 ''[[Whew!]]'' (TV Game Show) - Herself - Celebrity Contestant *1980–1986: ''[[Diff'rent Strokes]]''<ref>{{cite news |title=Mary Ann Mobley Shouldn't Make A Difference |agency=Associated Press |date=1985-08-04 |newspaper=[[The Spokesman-Review]] |location=Spokane |page=20}}</ref> - Maggie McKinney Drummond / Nancy Osborne *1980: ''[[Vega$]]'' - Paula Conway *1984: ''[[Hotel (U.S. TV series)|Hotel]]'' - Catherine Stevens *1986: ''[[Super Password]]'' - Herself - Celebrity Contestant *1986: ''Rosie'' (as Sally Sugarbaker) Episode: "Peach's Sweet Treats" *1988: ''[[Falcon Crest]]'' (4 episodes)<ref>{{cite news |title=The Bulletin Board |date=1988-02-14 |newspaper=[[The Blade (Toledo, Ohio)|The Toledo Blade]] |page=TVT12}}</ref> - Dr. Beth Everdene *1990: ''[[Designing Women]]'' - Karen Delaporte *1992: ''[[Hearts Afire]]'' - Mary Fran Smithers *1994: ''[[Bandit Bandit]]'' - Annie *1999: ''[[Sabrina the Teenage Witch (1996 TV series)|Sabrina, the Teenage Witch]]'' - Mary Ann Mobley *2003: ''[[Dead Like Me]]'' (TV Series) - Mary Ann Mobley (final appearance) {{div col end}} == References == {{Reflist|30em}} ==Other websites== {{Commons Category|Mary Ann Mobley}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101203071656/http://www.maryannmobley.net/ Official Website] * {{IMDb name|0595039}} * {{IBDB name}} {{s-start}} {{s-ach}} {{succession box | before=[[Marilyn Van Derbur]] | title=[[Miss America]] | years=1959 | after=[[Lynda Lee Mead]] }} {{Succession box| before=[[Mary Allen (Miss Mississippi)|Mary Allen]]| title=[[Miss Mississippi]]| years=1958| after=[[Margie Wilson]]| }} {{s-end}} {{S-start}} {{s-media}} {{Succession box| before=[[Gary Collins (actor)|Gary Collins]] | title=[[Miss America|Miss America host]] | years=<small>(with [[Gary Collins (actor)|Gary Collins]])</small><br />[[Miss America 1989|1989]] | after=Gary Collins & [[Phyllis George]] }} {{S-end}} {{Navboxes | title = Awards for Mary Ann Mobley | list = {{MissAmericas 1940–1959}} {{Mississippi pageant winners}} {{Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year Actress}} }} * [http://www.MaryAnnMobley.net Mary Ann Mobley Official Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304090408/https://www.maryannmobley.net/ |date=2021-03-04 }} * {{IMDb name|0595039}} * {{IBDB name|id=96179|name=Mary Ann Mobley}} * {{twitter|maryannemobley}} * [http://www.manfromuncle.org/kcgfu.htm The Girl from U.N.C.L.E.] {{us-actor-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mobley, Mary Ann}} [[Category:1939 births]] [[Category:2014 deaths]] [[Category:Deaths from breast cancer]] [[Category:American movie actors]] [[Category:American television actors]] [[Category:Actors from Mississippi]] [[Category:Miss America winners]] [[Category:People from Biloxi, Mississippi]] [[Category:People with Crohn's disease]] pvg22v5f0uf4exmpa16oz7dbj7voz9a 10 357137 10369140 8866008 2025-07-03T07:57:53Z TommiMaoz 1633878 10369140 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{{1}}} | name = Israel | top = 33.5 | bottom = 29.3 | left = 33.7 | right = 36.3 | image = Israel location map (Green Line borders).svg | image1 = Israel relief location map.jpg | image2 = Israel relief location map-blank.jpg }}<noinclude><!-- -- -- The above switch-statement branches by text in parameter #1, -- returning the associated value after each equals sign ("="). --> {{Location map/Info}} == How to use an alternative map == This template normally displays the map shown above as '''image''': *<syntaxhighlight lang="mediawiki" inline=yes>{{{{PAGENAME}}|image}}</syntaxhighlight>. The ''AlternativeMap'' parameter in [[Template:Location map]] can be used to display {{#if:{{{{PAGENAME}}|image2}}|one of the following images|the following image}}: *<code>{{{{PAGENAME}}|image1}}</code> {{#if:{{{{PAGENAME}}|image2}}| *<code>{{{{PAGENAME}}|image2}}</code> }} Further instructions and examples can be found at [[Template:Location map#Using Alternative Map]]. [[Category:Israel navigational boxes]] </noinclude> 8psxebdqgcke141io1f0qqye8re4dlc 3 357140 10368447 10307167 2025-07-02T23:12:39Z Ferien 1011873 Notification: listing at [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] of [[The World Federation of Great Towers]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368447 wikitext text/x-wiki Hello, '''פארוק''', and [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome]] to the '''Simple English Wikipedia'''! You may want to begin by reading these pages : * [[Help:Contents|Help]] * [[Wikipedia:Rules|Rules]] * [[Wikipedia:Useful|Links to useful pages]] * [[Wikipedia:How to write Simple English pages|How to write Simple English pages]] * [[Wikipedia:How to copy from another Wikipedia|How to copy from another Wikipedia]] For some ideas of pages to work on, read [[Wikipedia:Requested pages]] or the [[Wikipedia:Most wanted articles|list of wanted pages]]. You can [[Wikipedia:Be bold in updating pages|change any pages you want!]] Any changes you make can be seen right away. You can ask questions at [[Wikipedia:Simple talk]]. At the end of your messages on talk pages, please sign your name by typing "<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>" (four tildes) If you need help just <span class="plainlinks">'''[http://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Mytalk&action=edit&section=new click here]'''</span> and type '''<nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki>''' and your question and someone will reply to you shortly. Good luck and happy changing!<!-- Template:Welcome --> [[User:Osiris|Osiris]] ([[User talk:Osiris|talk]]) 22:25, 7 August 2012 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of World Bible Center== [[Image:Ambox_speedy_deletion.png|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[World Bible Center]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]].&nbsp;This is because the page [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a3|was copied from another Wikipedia]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:World Bible Center}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Requests for undeletion|undeleted]]. <!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:02, 7 August 2012 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Israel Museum== [[Image:Ambox_speedy_deletion.png|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[Israel Museum]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]].&nbsp;This is because the page [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a3|was copied from another Wikipedia]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Israel Museum}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Requests for undeletion|undeleted]]. <!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:04, 7 August 2012 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Yad Vashem== [[Image:Ambox_speedy_deletion.png|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[Yad Vashem]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]].&nbsp;This is because the page [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a3|was copied from another Wikipedia]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Yad Vashem}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Requests for undeletion|undeleted]]. <!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:14, 7 August 2012 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Kiryat HaMemshala== [[Image:Ambox_speedy_deletion.png|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[Kiryat HaMemshala]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]].&nbsp;This is because the page [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a3|was copied from another Wikipedia]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Kiryat HaMemshala}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Requests for undeletion|undeleted]]. <!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:22, 7 August 2012 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Specialized city== [[Image:Ambox_speedy_deletion.png|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[Specialized city]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]].&nbsp;This is because the page [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a3|was copied from another Wikipedia]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Specialized city}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Requests for undeletion|undeleted]]. <!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:23, 7 August 2012 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Jerusalem Historical City Hall Building== [[Image:Ambox_speedy_deletion.png|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[Jerusalem Historical City Hall Building]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]].&nbsp;This is because the page [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a3|was copied from another Wikipedia]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Jerusalem Historical City Hall Building}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Requests for undeletion|undeleted]]. <!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:24, 7 August 2012 (UTC) ==Deletions== Hi Faroukh. Let me explain what just happened. This project is written in [[Basic English|simple English]], so articles copied from the English Wikipedia aren't any good here. Therefore, I've had to delete most of the pages you've created because they weren't in simple English and they'd just been copied and pasted without any simplification. If you have any questions about writing in simple English, I can help you. Or have a read over [[Wikipedia:How to write Simple English pages]]. You can use content from another Wikipedia (even the Hebrew version), but it has to be translated. [[Wikipedia:How to copy from another Wikipedia|This page]] might help you on how to do this. A good way of getting practise is to start off articles in your sandbox/userspace. Let me know if you need any help. Best regards, and sorry for the annoyance, [[User:Osiris|Osiris]] ([[User talk:Osiris|talk]]) 22:25, 7 August 2012 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Specialized city== [[File:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|48px|]]An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[Specialized city]], an article you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in his/her nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2012/Specialized city]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the article during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. --[[User:Horeki|Horeki]] ([[User talk:Horeki|talk]]) 15:32, 26 August 2012 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Specialized city== [[Image:Ambox_speedy_deletion.png|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[Specialized city]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]].&nbsp;This is because the page [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#g4|was a copy of a page that was deleted by RfD]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Specialized city}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Requests for undeletion|undeleted]]. <!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Intforce|'''int'''force]].<span style="font-size:70%">aka.[[User talk:Intforce|weltforce]]</span> 20:01, 26 August 2012 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Types of cities by geographical regions== [[Image:Ambox_speedy_deletion.png|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Types of cities by geographical regions]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]].&nbsp;This is because the page the page [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a3|was copied from another Wikipedia.]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Types of cities by geographical regions}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Requests for undeletion|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#A3|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Beastiepaws|Beastiepaws]] ([[User talk:Beastiepaws|talk]]) 05:08, 30 September 2012 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Types of cities by geographical region== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=|link=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[Types of cities by geographical region]], an article you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in his/her nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at {{#if: | [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2012/{{{2}}}]] | [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2012/Types of cities by geographical region]] }} and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the article during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Beastiepaws|Beastiepaws]] ([[User talk:Beastiepaws|talk]]) 20:41, 1 October 2012 (UTC) ==Automatic Translations== Please stop adding machine-translated material. It is always full of mistakes. [[User:Beastiepaws|Beastiepaws]] ([[User talk:Beastiepaws|talk]]) 23:07, 12 March 2013 (UTC) :i didn't copy nothing. [[User:פארוק|פארוק]] ([[User talk:פארוק|talk]]) 23:21, 12 March 2013 (UTC) ::I didn't say that you copied anything. I asked you to stop inserting machine-translated material, which you are doing in many different languages. Now, please stop. Other people have to correct every line that you write. אל תערוך בויקיפדיות שהן לא העברית אם אתה לא דובר את השפה ברמה מתקדמת לפחות. [[User:Beastiepaws|Beastiepaws]] ([[User talk:Beastiepaws#top|talk]]) 02:03, 13 March 2013 (UTC) :::ok. but what is connect to English ?. [[User:פארוק|פארוק]] ([[User talk:פארוק#top|talk]]) 05:19, 13 March 2013 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Category:Convention and Exhibition centers by country== [[Image:Ambox_speedy_deletion.png|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Category:Convention and Exhibition centers by country]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Category:Convention and Exhibition centers by country}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Requests for undeletion|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#c1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 05:41, 20 March 2013 (UTC) == QD Yard Neighborhoods == I marked [[Yard Neighborhoods]] for quick deletion as not notable. There are no references, web search mainly turns up your other article on En Wikipedia. Building homes around a central courtyard is a common technique in many places. [[User:Gotanda|Gotanda]] ([[User talk:Gotanda|talk]]) 01:23, 31 March 2013 (UTC) ==Talkback== {{tb|Auntof6|Wrong Map|ts=11:24, 11 April 2013 (UTC)}} [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 11:24, 11 April 2013 (UTC) == [[:Category:Arlington National Cemetery]] == Thanks for creating this category. You might not have known, but here on Simple English Wikipedia we want at least three entries in each new category. You put only one entry in it. I have added one more, but another one should be added. Do you have another entry in mind? --[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 06:37, 28 April 2013 (UTC) == Interwiki links == I noticed that you have added interwiki links to some articles recently. Interwiki links are now supposed to be kept at Wikidata, not in the individual Wikipedia articles. Please maintain the interwiki links there. If you don't know how to do that, let me know and I will find the instructions for you. Thanks! --[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 12:00, 14 May 2013 (UTC) :Thank you. can you help me with that please ?, couse i don't know to use the new system. i want to writte more about the article about: "Arlington National Cemetery". [[User:פארוק|פארוק]] ([[User talk:פארוק|talk]]) 13:34, 14 May 2013 (UTC) ::OK, I can't find a link to instructions right now, so I'll describe it myself. I'm assuming there is already an article in another Wikipedia, such as English Wikipedia. ::#Go to the corresponding article at another Wikipedia. ::#Find the list of interwiki links on the left side of the page. At the bottom of that list is a link to the Wikidata page for the article's links. On English Wikipedia, the link says "Edit links". Here on Simple English Wikipedia, it says "Change links". In other languages, it would be something similar in the other language. ::#Click on that link. That takes you to the Wikidata page. ::#Go to the bottom of that page. You will see a list of all the articles Wikidata knows about for the topic. The last line there just has a link that says "Add", with no language. ::#Click on the "Add" link. That gives you a new line to add the link for a new article. The line has two edit boxes and links that say "save" and "cancel". ::#In the first edit box, type "simple". ::#In the second edit box, type the name of the article from Simple English Wikipedia. ::#Click on "save". Your change should be saved. If there's a problem and you can't figure it out, let me know and I'll take a look at it. ::I hope that makes sense. Let me know if you have any questions. ::By the way, please reply here so that this conversation is all in one place. I will watch this page, so I'll see if you reply. --[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:08, 14 May 2013 (UTC) {{od}}I see you are still putting interwiki links in the new articles you create. These links should go in Wikidata, as described above. Do you still have questions about that? --[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 20:58, 17 July 2013 (UTC) == Monuments and memorials in Mount Herzl == Just a note: when you put a page in this category, you don't need to put it in the category for buildings and structures in Jerusalem. That's because the Mount Herzl category is already in the Jerusalem category. Let me know if you have any questions about this. :) --[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:21, 18 May 2013 (UTC) == Geographic coordinates in your new city articles == Something is wrong with the coding of the coordinates in the infobox on [[Tiberias]]. The same problem was on [[Safed]], but I removed the coordinates parameters. I can't tell what's wrong. Can you see anything different with these from what's on other articles? --[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 23:48, 16 July 2013 (UTC) == You must give attribution when copying articles from other Wikipedias == [[Bustan (garden)]] is so similar to the article on English Wikipedia that either the article here was copied from enwiki or they were both copied from the same place. In either case, you must give attribution. Please add attribution to the article's talk page as soon as possible. Thanks. --[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 05:31, 17 July 2013 (UTC) :You really do need to start giving attribution. Even if you just take a little bit from another wiki, you have to give credit. Recent examples are [[Bandai-Azuma Roadway]] and [[Mid-Sea Road]]. These are very short (that is another problem) but the information in the first one is exactly the same as EnWP. The images and titles for both are the same as EnWP. Please start giving attribution, or stop copying from other wikis. Attribution is one of the basics of Wikipedia. Thanks, [[User:Gotanda|Gotanda]] ([[User talk:Gotanda|talk]]) 21:42, 6 August 2013 (UTC) :Update: And [[Colon Cemetery]] (not sure why you changed it from '''Colon Cemetery, Havana'''), [[China National Highways]], [[Theodor Herzl]], [[Urban Expressways (Japan)]]. I'm sure there are more. Slow down, and do it correctly, please. [[User:Gotanda|Gotanda]] ([[User talk:Gotanda|talk]]) 21:50, 6 August 2013 (UTC) == QD International Center for Tzfat Kabbalah == I marked [[International Center for Tzfat Kabbalah]] for quick deletion as not notable. I found no mention in news sources. Just letting you know. Thanks. [[User:Gotanda|Gotanda]] ([[User talk:Gotanda|talk]]) 21:14, 24 July 2013 (UTC) :This shouldn't have been created, Faroukh. You're the author of every version of the article on other-language Wikipedias, but it's been deleted from several versions - [[:es:Centro internacional de la Cabalá en Tzfat|eswiki]] and [[:it:Wikipedia:Pagine da cancellare/Centro Internazionale di Kabbalah Safed|itwiki]] for not being notable, and even from your [[:he:המרכז הבינלאומי לקבלה הצפתית|home wiki]] where you asked to move it into your userspace. If you can't show notability in your native language, then I don't see how you're going to be able to do it here. If you're going to try, please use your userspace instead until it's ready. [[User:Osiris|Osiris]] ([[User talk:Osiris|talk]]) 00:12, 25 July 2013 (UTC) == Creating categories == Your two new categories [[:Category:Roads in China]] and [[:Category:Roads in India]] each have only one entry. You might not have known, but we want at least three entries in each new category. That is documented at [[Wikipedia:Categories#Is there a need for the new category?]] Do you plan to add at least two more entries for each of these categories? If so, please do so sooner rather than later. If not, please let me know so the categories can be deleted. Thank you. --[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 02:10, 4 August 2013 (UTC) :I found two more entries to add to the India category, so that one is OK. I found one more for the China category, but it should still have another one. --[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 02:33, 4 August 2013 (UTC) And now you have created [[:Category:Roads in Japan]] with only one entry. Please stop creating categories with only one or two entries. Are you seeing these notes I have been leaving you? --[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 03:41, 6 August 2013 (UTC) == Road articles == Some of your recent articles about roads do not say why the roads are notable. Please go back and add something about what makes them notable, preferably with a reference. Articles that do not show notability might be deleted. Thanks. --[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 23:59, 6 August 2013 (UTC) == Once more--you must give attribution when copying from another wikipedia == You have already been told about this, but you have not changed your behavior. You can use data, images, and sentences from another wikipedia if you simplify them. However, you must write on the talk page or the edit summary where you took the information from. Each of these articles you created is just a short version of the English Wikipedia article. Please read and follow [[Wikipedia:How_to_copy_from_another_Wikipedia]]. * [[Round city of Baghdad]] * [[Great Celebrations square]] * [[National Museum of Iraq]] * [[Iraq National Library and Archive]] * [[Israel Museum]] * [[Orient Fair]] Is there some reason why you do not want to give credit to the work of other editors on English Wikipedia? Please fix these. Thanks, [[User:Gotanda|Gotanda]] ([[User talk:Gotanda|talk]]) 04:21, 8 August 2013 (UTC) :You asked me to explain. I already have, but I will again. You can't just copy from another wikipedia. You have to tell where you copied from. Did you read the guideline at [[Wikipedia:How_to_copy_from_another_Wikipedia]]? It is very easy to do. Examples are at [[Wikipedia:Transwiki_attribution]]. Just use the code patterns there. [[User:Gotanda|Gotanda]] ([[User talk:Gotanda|talk]]) 10:07, 8 August 2013 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of International Planning History Society== [[Image:Ambox_speedy_deletion.png|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:International Planning History Society]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:International Planning History Society}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Requests for undeletion|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 21:28, 11 August 2013 (UTC) == [[Mary Magdalene]] == Can you please explain why you added [[:Category:Mount of Olives]] to this article? Nothing in the article mentions it. I have removed the category. Please don't add it back unless you put something in the article to explain why. Thanks. --[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 04:54, 13 August 2013 (UTC) :Why not ? . [[User:פארוק|פארוק]] ([[User talk:פארוק|talk]]) 12:09, 13 August 2013 (UTC) ::Why not what? I asked you to explain why [[Mary Magdalene]] belonged in the category. Please reply here so that this discussion is all in one place. Thanks. --[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 15:48, 13 August 2013 (UTC) :::Sorry, my mistake !. i mean to this =>>> "[[en:Church of Mary Magdalene]]". i will fixed that. [[User:פארוק|פארוק]] ([[User talk:פארוק|talk]]) 16:50, 13 August 2013 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of National Library of Singapore== [[Image:Ambox_speedy_deletion.png|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:National Library of Singapore]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:National Library of Singapore}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Requests for undeletion|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 09:26, 13 November 2013 (UTC) == National libraries == Your recent articles about national libraries have almost no information in them. Can you add something to them so that they tell us more than the fact that they exist? Thanks. --[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 09:29, 13 November 2013 (UTC) == Hebrew == {{talkback|Thrasymedes}} [[user:Thrasymedes|Thrasymedes]] ([[user_talk:Thrasymedes|talk]]) 20:58, 13 December 2013 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Prague Institute== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=|link=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Prague Institute]], an article you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in his/her nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2014/Prague Institute]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the article during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Osiris|Osiris]] ([[User talk:Osiris|talk]]) 23:28, 19 January 2014 (UTC) == Mount Zion category == This category that you created had only one entry in it. As I mentioned above, categories here should have at least three entries in them. That is explained at [[Wikipedia:Categories#Is there a need for the new category?]]. I couldn't find more entries to put into the category, so I deleted it. Feel free to create it again when there are at least three entries. --[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 03:30, 8 April 2014 (UTC) == Adding interwiki links == You might not have known, but interwiki links like you added to [[:Category:National institutions]] are now kept in Wikidata. They do not go in article or category pages any more. When you want to add these, please add them in Wikidata. Thanks. --[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 21:21, 16 December 2014 (UTC) == July 2015 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, {{BASEPAGENAME}}! Here at Simple English Wikipedia we use the section heading "Other websites" instead of English Wikipedia's "External links"{{#if:Sderot Herzl|, which you used in "[[:Sderot Herzl]]"}}. This makes it simpler and easier to read. Please remember to use "Other websites" in articles that you create in the future. Thank you for your help!<!-- Template:Uw-otherweb --> --[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 03:07, 31 July 2015 (UTC) == Block evasion on English Wikipedia == Please stop trying to evade your block on English Wikipedia. Do not create any more sock puppet accounts. [[User:pepperbeast|<strong><span style="color: #a10;">Pepper</span><span style="color: #0c1;">Beast</span></strong>]] [[User talk:pepperbeast|<span style="color: #200">(talk)</span>]] 20:06, 10 October 2015 (UTC) == Sources and language == Farouk, I really want to try to help you keep your contributions here, and also at Judeo-Spanish (Ladino) Wikipedia, where I am an administrator. But I have a couple of problems doing that: # You never include sources that say why these places are notable. We always want sources, even when it is obvious why the places are notable. (Also, remember that even when I personally understand the notability of some of your Israeli places, the general reader of this wiki may not. And you have to aim at the general reader, not me.) # You have language issues. Here, I can and do clean them up some. On Judeo-Spanish Wikipedia, you are writing mostly in modern Spanish and not in Judeo-Spanish, and I can't write JS well enough to fix your articles. So other administrators delete them. :<div direction=rtl>!בבקשה תעזור לי לעזור לך</div> [[User:StevenJ81|StevenJ81]] ([[User talk:StevenJ81|talk]]) 17:40, 14 June 2016 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of International Solid Waste Association== [[Image:Ambox deletion.png|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:International Solid Waste Association]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:International Solid Waste Association}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Requests for undeletion|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a3|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Rus793|Rus793]] ([[User talk:Rus793|talk]]) 20:16, 26 September 2016 (UTC) == September 2016 == [[File:information.svg|25px]] We like and strongly encourage helpful changes to Wikipedia, but "[[International Solid Waste Association]]" was directly copied and pasted from the main [[:en:|English Wikipedia]]. Please do not do that. Such articles are usually too complex. They need to be simplified before or immediately after being added to the Simple English Wikipedia. In addition, be sure to include [[Wikipedia:Transwiki attribution|attribution]] on the article's talk page. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-encopypaste --> [[User:Rus793|Rus793]] ([[User talk:Rus793|talk]]) 20:18, 26 September 2016 (UTC) == March 2018 == [[File:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to Wikipedia. You might not have done it on purpose, but your recent change removed helpful information from Wikipedia. We ask that you do not remove things from pages, as you did to "[[:Levant Fair]]", without giving a good reason in the [[Wikipedia:Change summary|change summary]]. If it was a mistake, do not worry. The part of the article you removed has been put back. If you want to try things out, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. If you would like to learn how to help Wikipedia, please see the [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome page]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-delete1 --> [[User:It'zDJPerez|<font color="#1509D0">'''DJ'''</font>]] ([[User Talk:It'zDJPerez|<font color="#146500">'''✉'''</font>]] - [[Special:Contributions/It'zDJPerez|<font color="#146500">✔</font>]]) 13:17, 4 March 2018 (UTC) == Recent template == Hello (привет, а ты говоришь по русский?), I saw your recent template that you created, but the whole thing has red links. Are you going to create those articles? If not there is no point in the template. '''[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|<span style="color: darkgreen">IWI</span>]]''' (''[[User talk:ImprovedWikiImprovment|<span style="color: purple">chat</span>]]'') 23:41, 24 May 2020 (UTC) :ok. [[User:פארוק|פארוק]] ([[User talk:פארוק#top|talk]]) 23:45, 24 May 2020 (UTC) ::Haha, you didn't answer. '''[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|<span style="color: darkgreen">IWI</span>]]''' (''[[User talk:ImprovedWikiImprovment|<span style="color: purple">chat</span>]]'') 23:46, 24 May 2020 (UTC) :::I don't understand why is this a problem. [[User:פארוק|פארוק]] ([[User talk:פארוק#top|talk]]) 23:51, 24 May 2020 (UTC) ::::Because a template with links only to articles that do not exist are pointless. I'm assuming you don't speak Russian. '''[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|<span style="color: darkgreen">IWI</span>]]''' (''[[User talk:ImprovedWikiImprovment|<span style="color: purple">chat</span>]]'') 23:52, 24 May 2020 (UTC) :::::so ?. now it can be in red and after than it will be blue. [[User:פארוק|פארוק]] ([[User talk:פארוק#top|talk]]) 20:38, 25 May 2020 (UTC) ::::::Yes that was the question. Will you make the red links blue? The answer is yes, so it is good. '''[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|<span style="color: darkgreen">IWI</span>]]''' (''[[User talk:ImprovedWikiImprovment|<span style="color: purple">chat</span>]]'') 20:58, 25 May 2020 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of The Billy Rose Art Garden== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:The Billy Rose Art Garden]], an article you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2022/The Billy Rose Art Garden]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the article during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]])</small> 18:59, 30 September 2022 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Template:Russian architecture== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Template:Russian architecture]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2023/Template:Russian architecture]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the article during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Rathfelder|Rathfelder]] ([[User talk:Rathfelder|talk]]) 15:09, 23 April 2023 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Dan Bus Garage in Tel Aviv== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Dan Bus Garage in Tel Aviv]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Dan Bus Garage in Tel Aviv]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 18:46, 3 June 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of The World Federation of Great Towers== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:The World Federation of Great Towers]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The World Federation of Great Towers]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:12, 2 July 2025 (UTC) h8g0vva33578waoma8m5dvv3kd1tfyw 0 358296 10367678 10366354 2025-07-02T13:27:00Z 2001:4451:12F:E600:AC42:9A72:D17C:206C 10367678 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Jack Albertson | image = Jack Albertson 1971.JPG | image_size = | caption = Albertson in 1971 | birth_date = {{Birth date|1907|6|16}} | birth_name = Harold Albertson | birth_place = [[Malden, Massachusetts]], U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|1981|11|25|1907|6|16}} | death_place = Los Angeles, California, U.S. | other_names = John Alberts | occupation = {{hlist|Actor|dancer|singer}} | years_active = 1926–1981 | spouse = {{marriage|June Wallace Thomson|1952}} | children = 1 | relatives = {{unbulleted list |[[Mabel Albertson]] (sister)| [[George Englund]] (nephew)}} }} '''Jack Albertson''' (June 16, 1907&nbsp;– November 25, 1981) also known as '''John Alberts''' was an American actor, dancer and singer.<ref>Obituary ''Variety'', December 2, 1981.</ref> ==Early life and career== Albertson was born in [[Malden, Massachusetts]] to Flora (née Craft) and to Leopold Albertson. His career begun in 1938 and lasted until his death in 1981, but Albertson is known for his roles such as; Manny Rosen in ''The Poseidon Adventure'' (1972), Grandpa Joe in ''Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory'' (1971), Amos Slade in the animated movie ''The Fox and the Hound'' (1981), and as Ed Brown in the 1974–1978 television comedy ''Chico and the Man''. For his contributions to the television industry, Jack Albertson was honored with a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]].<ref name="HWOFDB">{{cite web |url=https://walkoffame.com/jack-albertson/ |title=Hollywood Walk of Fame database |publisher=walkoffame.com |access-date=2025-03-24}}</ref> ==Personal life and death== Albertson was married to Wallace Thompson from 1952 until his death. They had a child, Maura Dhu Studi Albertson. Albertson died on November 25, 1981 in [[Hollywood, California]] from Colorectal cancer which he had for three years. He was 74 years old. [[File:Freddie Prinze Jack Albertson Chico and the Man 1974.JPG|thumb|right|180px|[[Freddie Prinze]] (left) with Albertson (right) in September 1974]] ==Movies== {|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" border="2" cellpadding="4" background: #f9f9f9; |- align="center" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Film ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Role ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Notes |- |1938 |''Next Time I Marry'' |Reporter |unconfirmed |- |1940 |''[[Strike Up the Band (film)|Strike Up the Band]]'' |Barker |uncredited |- |1947 |''[[Miracle on 34th Street]]'' |Al, Post Office mail sorter |uncredited |- |1952 |''Anything Can Happen'' |Flower Vendor |uncredited |- |1954 |''[[Top Banana (film)|Top Banana]]'' |Vic Davis | |- |1955 |''[[Bring Your Smile Along]]'' |Mr. Jenson | |- |rowspan=5|1956 |''[[Over-Exposed]]'' |Les Bauer |uncredited |- |''[[The Harder They Fall]]'' |Pop | |- |''[[The Eddy Duchin Story]]'' |Piano tuner |uncredited |- |''[[The Unguarded Moment]]'' |Prof | |- |''[[You Can't Run Away from It]]'' |Third proprietor | |- |rowspan=3|1957 |''[[Man of a Thousand Faces]]'' |Dr. J. Wilson Shields | |- |''[[Don't Go Near the Water (film)|Don't Go Near the Water]]'' |Rep. George Jansen | |- |''[[Monkey on My Back (film)|Monkey on My Back]]'' |Sam Pian | |- |1958 | ''[[Teacher's Pet (1958 film)|Teacher's Pet]]'' |Guide | |- |rowspan=2|1959 |''[[Never Steal Anything Small]]'' |Sleep-Out Charlie Barnes | |- |''[[The Shaggy Dog (1959 film)|The Shaggy Dog]]'' |Reporter |uncredited |- |rowspan=2|1961 |''The George Raft Story'' |Milton | |- |''[[Lover Come Back (1961 film)|Lover Come Back]]'' |Fred | |- |rowspan=4|1962 |''[[Convicts 4]]'' |Art Teacher | |- | ''[[Period of Adjustment (film)|Period of Adjustment]]'' |Desk Sergeant | |- |''[[Who's Got the Action?]]'' |Hodges | |- |''[[Days of Wine and Roses (film)|Days of Wine and Roses]]'' |Traynor | |- |1963 |''[[Son of Flubber]]'' |Mr. Barley | |- |rowspan=3|1964 |''[[Kissin' Cousins]]'' |Capt. Robert Jason Salbo | |- |''[[The Patsy (1964 film)|The Patsy]]'' |Theatergoer with Helen | |- |''[[Roustabout]]'' |Lou (tea house manager) | |- |1965 |''[[How to Murder Your Wife]]'' |Dr. Bentley | |- |1967 |''[[The Flim-Flam Man]]'' |Mr. Packard | |- |rowspan=2|1968 |''How To Save A Marriage and Ruin Your Life'' |Mr. Slotkin | |- |''[[The Subject Was Roses (film)|The Subject Was Roses]]'' |John Cleary |[[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor]] |- |rowspan=2|1969 | ''[[Justine (film)|Justine]]'' |Cohen | |- |''[[Changes (1969 film)|Changes]]'' |The Father | |- |rowspan=2|1970 |''[[Squeeze a Flower]]'' |Alfredo Brazzi | |- |''[[Rabbit, Run]]'' |Marty Tothero | |- |rowspan=3|1971 |''Once Upon a Dead Man'' | | |- | ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]'' |Grandpa Joe | |- |''The Late Liz'' |Reverend Gordon Rogers | |- |rowspan=2|1972 |''Pickup on 101'' |Hobo | |- |''[[The Poseidon Adventure (1972 film)|The Poseidon Adventure]]'' |Manny Rosen | |- |1973 |''Call Bic'' |Mr.Albertson | |- |rowspan=2|1981 |''[[The Fox and the Hound (film)|The Fox and the Hound]]'' |Hunter (Amos Slade) |voice |- |''[[Dead & Buried]]'' |William G. Dobbs | |- |} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commonscat}} *{{Amg name|695}} *{{IBDB name|29510}} *[http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=13134 Jack Albertson's Grave] at Find A Grave {{TonyAward PlayFeaturedActor 1976-2000}} {{US-actor-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Albertson, Jack}} [[Category:1907 births]] [[Category:1981 deaths]] [[Category:20th-century American comedians]] [[Category:20th-century American dancers]] [[Category:20th-century American Jews]] [[Category:20th-century American actors]] [[Category:20th-century American singers]] [[Category:American comedians]] [[Category:American dancers]] [[Category:American movie actors]] [[Category:American musical theatre actors]] [[Category:American stage actors]] [[Category:American male television actors]] [[Category:American vaudeville performers]] [[Category:Best Supporting Actor Academy Award winners]] [[Category:Comedians from Massachusetts]] [[Category:Deaths from colorectal cancer]] [[Category:Jewish American comedians]] [[Category:Jewish American actors]] [[Category:Jewish American movie people]] [[Category:Jewish comedians]] [[Category:Jewish American singers]] [[Category:Actors from Massachusetts]] [[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actor in a Comedy Series Primetime Emmy Award winners]] [[Category:People from Malden, Massachusetts]] [[Category:Tony Award winners]] dz22ksc9mrkxfqaaa6s5t5v2x58v2rh 0 361816 10368644 10349979 2025-07-03T01:34:03Z 2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4 10368644 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} {{Infobox film | name = Ted | image = | alt = | caption = | director = [[Seth MacFarlane]] | producer = [[Scott Stuber]]<br />Seth MacFarlane<br />John Jacobs<br />Jason Clark | screenplay = Seth MacFarlane<br />[[Alec Sulkin]]<br />[[Wellesley Wild]] | based_on = [[Family Guy]] created by [[Seth MacFarlane]] | story = Seth MacFarlane | narrator = [[Patrick Stewart]] | starring = [[Mark Wahlberg]]<br />[[Mila Kunis]]<br />Seth MacFarlane<br />[[Joel McHale]]<br />[[Giovanni Ribisi]]<!--DO NOT CHANGE THIS CAST!--> | music = [[Walter Murphy]] | cinematography = [[Michael Barrett (cinematographer)|Michael Barrett]] | editing = Jeff Freeman | studio = [[Media Rights Capital]]<br />[[Fuzzy Door Productions]]<br />[[Bluegrass Films]]<br />Smart Entertainment | distributor = [[Universal Studios|Universal Pictures]] | released = {{film date|2012|06|29}}<!-- Per [[WP:FILMRELEASE]] --> | runtime = 106 minutes<!--Theatrical runtime: 106:05--><ref>{{cite web|title=''TED'' (15)|url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/ted-2012-0|work=[[Universal Studios]]|publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|date=June 22, 2012|accessdate=May 29, 2014}}</ref> | country = [[United States]] | language = [[English language|English]] | budget = $50 million | gross = $549,368,315 }} '''''Ted''''' is a 2012 [[United States|American]] [[comedy movie]], directed, produced and co-written by [[Seth MacFarlane]]. is based on the [[Family Guy]] created by [[Seth MacFarlane]], It follows a [[Boston]] resident ([[Mark Wahlberg]]) and his teddy bear (MacFarlane), who came to life with a magical wish. A [[sequel]] titled ''[[Ted 2]]'' was released in 2015. == Cast == * [[Mark Wahlberg]] as John Bennett * [[Mila Kunis]] as Lori Collins * [[Seth MacFarlane]] as Ted (voice) * [[Joel McHale]] as Rex * [[Giovanni Ribisi]] as Donny * [[Patrick Warburton]] as Guy * [[Matt Walsh]] as Thomas Murphy * [[Jessica Barth]] as Tami-Lynn McCafferty * [[Aedin Mincks]] as Robert * [[Bill Smitrovich]] as Frank Stevens ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{Official website|http://www.tedisreal.com/}} * {{IMDb title|1637725|Ted}} * {{Rotten-tomatoes|ted_2012|Ted}} [[Category:2012 comedy movies]] [[Category:2012 buddy movies]] [[Category:2012 fantasy movies]] [[Category:2010s sex comedy movies]] [[Category:American buddy comedy movies]] [[Category:2010s American fantasy movies]] [[Category:American sex comedy movies]] [[Category:2010s buddy comedy movies]] [[Category:2010s English-language movies]] [[Category:American fantasy-comedy movies]] [[Category:Movies about bears]] [[Category:Movies about drugs]] [[Category:Movies about wish fulfillment]] [[Category:Movies set in Boston]] [[Category:Movies directed by Seth MacFarlane]] nytbqscsjswk4c5ay2uqgui4wgyywk4 10368645 10368644 2025-07-03T01:34:40Z 2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4 10368645 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} {{Infobox film | name = Ted | image = | alt = | caption = | director = [[Seth MacFarlane]] | producer = [[Scott Stuber]]<br />Seth MacFarlane<br />John Jacobs<br />Jason Clark | screenplay = Seth MacFarlane<br />[[Alec Sulkin]]<br />[[Wellesley Wild]] | based_on = ''[[Family Guy]]'' created by [[Seth MacFarlane]] | story = Seth MacFarlane | narrator = [[Patrick Stewart]] | starring = [[Mark Wahlberg]]<br />[[Mila Kunis]]<br />Seth MacFarlane<br />[[Joel McHale]]<br />[[Giovanni Ribisi]]<!--DO NOT CHANGE THIS CAST!--> | music = [[Walter Murphy]] | cinematography = [[Michael Barrett (cinematographer)|Michael Barrett]] | editing = Jeff Freeman | studio = [[Media Rights Capital]]<br />[[Fuzzy Door Productions]]<br />[[Bluegrass Films]]<br />Smart Entertainment | distributor = [[Universal Studios|Universal Pictures]] | released = {{film date|2012|06|29}}<!-- Per [[WP:FILMRELEASE]] --> | runtime = 106 minutes<!--Theatrical runtime: 106:05--><ref>{{cite web|title=''TED'' (15)|url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/ted-2012-0|work=[[Universal Studios]]|publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|date=June 22, 2012|accessdate=May 29, 2014}}</ref> | country = [[United States]] | language = [[English language|English]] | budget = $50 million | gross = $549,368,315 }} '''''Ted''''' is a 2012 [[United States|American]] [[comedy movie]], directed, produced and co-written by [[Seth MacFarlane]]. is based on the ''[[Family Guy]]'' created by [[Seth MacFarlane]], It follows a [[Boston]] resident ([[Mark Wahlberg]]) and his teddy bear (MacFarlane), who came to life with a magical wish. A [[sequel]] titled ''[[Ted 2]]'' was released in 2015. == Cast == * [[Mark Wahlberg]] as John Bennett * [[Mila Kunis]] as Lori Collins * [[Seth MacFarlane]] as Ted (voice) * [[Joel McHale]] as Rex * [[Giovanni Ribisi]] as Donny * [[Patrick Warburton]] as Guy * [[Matt Walsh]] as Thomas Murphy * [[Jessica Barth]] as Tami-Lynn McCafferty * [[Aedin Mincks]] as Robert * [[Bill Smitrovich]] as Frank Stevens ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{Official website|http://www.tedisreal.com/}} * {{IMDb title|1637725|Ted}} * {{Rotten-tomatoes|ted_2012|Ted}} [[Category:2012 comedy movies]] [[Category:2012 buddy movies]] [[Category:2012 fantasy movies]] [[Category:2010s sex comedy movies]] [[Category:American buddy comedy movies]] [[Category:2010s American fantasy movies]] [[Category:American sex comedy movies]] [[Category:2010s buddy comedy movies]] [[Category:2010s English-language movies]] [[Category:American fantasy-comedy movies]] [[Category:Movies about bears]] [[Category:Movies about drugs]] [[Category:Movies about wish fulfillment]] [[Category:Movies set in Boston]] [[Category:Movies directed by Seth MacFarlane]] iwb95s7ry6x4eq6pxs2pftgb9mfpu4s 10368673 10368645 2025-07-03T01:57:39Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 Reverted 2 edits by [[Special:Contributions/2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4|2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4]] ([[User talk:2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4|talk]]). ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368673 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} {{Infobox film | name = Ted | image = | alt = | caption = | director = [[Seth MacFarlane]] | producer = [[Scott Stuber]]<br />Seth MacFarlane<br />John Jacobs<br />Jason Clark | screenplay = Seth MacFarlane<br />[[Alec Sulkin]]<br />[[Wellesley Wild]] | story = Seth MacFarlane | narrator = [[Patrick Stewart]] | starring = [[Mark Wahlberg]]<br />[[Mila Kunis]]<br />Seth MacFarlane<br />[[Joel McHale]]<br />[[Giovanni Ribisi]]<!--DO NOT CHANGE THIS CAST!--> | music = [[Walter Murphy]] | cinematography = [[Michael Barrett (cinematographer)|Michael Barrett]] | editing = Jeff Freeman | studio = [[Media Rights Capital]]<br />[[Fuzzy Door Productions]]<br />[[Bluegrass Films]]<br />Smart Entertainment | distributor = [[Universal Studios|Universal Pictures]] | released = {{film date|2012|06|29}}<!-- Per [[WP:FILMRELEASE]] --> | runtime = 106 minutes<!--Theatrical runtime: 106:05--><ref>{{cite web|title=''TED'' (15)|url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/ted-2012-0|work=[[Universal Studios]]|publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|date=June 22, 2012|accessdate=May 29, 2014}}</ref> | country = [[United States]] | language = [[English language|English]] | budget = $50 million | gross = $549,368,315 }} '''''Ted''''' is a 2012 [[United States|American]] [[comedy movie]], directed, produced and co-written by [[Seth MacFarlane]]. It follows a [[Boston]] resident ([[Mark Wahlberg]]) and his teddy bear (MacFarlane), who came to life with a magical wish. A [[sequel]] titled ''[[Ted 2]]'' was released in 2015. == Cast == * [[Mark Wahlberg]] as John Bennett * [[Mila Kunis]] as Lori Collins * [[Seth MacFarlane]] as Ted (voice) * [[Joel McHale]] as Rex * [[Giovanni Ribisi]] as Donny * [[Patrick Warburton]] as Guy * [[Matt Walsh]] as Thomas Murphy * [[Jessica Barth]] as Tami-Lynn McCafferty * [[Aedin Mincks]] as Robert * [[Bill Smitrovich]] as Frank Stevens ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{Official website|http://www.tedisreal.com/}} * {{IMDb title|1637725|Ted}} * {{Rotten-tomatoes|ted_2012|Ted}} [[Category:2012 comedy movies]] [[Category:2012 buddy movies]] [[Category:2012 fantasy movies]] [[Category:2010s sex comedy movies]] [[Category:American buddy comedy movies]] [[Category:2010s American fantasy movies]] [[Category:American sex comedy movies]] [[Category:2010s buddy comedy movies]] [[Category:2010s English-language movies]] [[Category:American fantasy-comedy movies]] [[Category:Movies about bears]] [[Category:Movies about drugs]] [[Category:Movies about wish fulfillment]] [[Category:Movies set in Boston]] [[Category:Movies directed by Seth MacFarlane]] 3hc21n6x93qk4esgfvfiddnzwlpuztm 0 363772 10367982 10352528 2025-07-02T17:33:52Z 2600:4040:56A2:1500:B13E:6746:FDD:3DAE /* Early life */ 10367982 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Kajol | image = File:Kajol, Kelvinator Stree Shakti Women Awards 2014 (cropped).jpg | image_size = | caption = Kajol at the Kelvinator Stree Shakti Women Awards 2014 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1974|8|5}} | birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India | years_active = 1992–2001, 2006–2010 | height = 1.6 m | occupation = Film actress | spouse = [[Ajay Devgan]] (m.1999–present) | children = 2 | birth_name = Kajol Mukherjee | parents = {{ubl|Shomu Mukherjee|Tanuja}} }} '''Kajol Devgan''' ([[née]] '''Mukherjee''') (born 5 August 1974), better known as '''Kajol''' is an Indian actress who appears in [[Bollywood]] films. She has also appeared in two [[Tamil language|Tamil]] films.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kajol Biography|url=http://www.cinebasti.com/celebrity/Kajol/24/biography|access-date=26 September 2012|archive-date=17 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217123019/http://www.cinebasti.com/celebrity/Kajol/24/biography|url-status=dead}}</ref> She has received six [[Filmfare Awards]]. In 2011, she was awarded the Padma Shri, India's fourth-highest civilian award by the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Entertainment/Padma-awards-go-filmy/Article1-680510.aspx|title=Padma awards go filmy|work=Hindustan Times|date=2 April 2011|access-date=26 September 2012|archive-date=25 January 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125110518/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Entertainment/Padma-awards-go-filmy/Article1-680510.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Early life== Kajol is half Marathi and half Bengali.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://celebsradar.com/kajol.htm|title=Kajol's parents}}</ref> She was born to actress Tanuja and film director and producer, Shomu Mukherjee. Her younger sister, Tanisha Mukherjee is also an actress. Her cousins, Rani Mukherjee, Sharbani Mukherjee and Mohnish Behl are also Bollywood actors.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kajol's early life|url=http://entertainment.oneindia.in/celebs/kajol/biography.html|access-date=26 September 2012|archive-date=17 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140217120053/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/celebs/kajol/biography.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Career== She started her career at the age of seventeen. She started in her first movie in 1992 with the movie ''Bekhudi'' which failed to do well at the [[box office]] although this didn't affect her career. A year later in 1993, she starred in ''Baazigar'' which was a box office hit. Since then, she has done many commercially successful movies which include ''[[Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge]]'', ''Karan Arjun'', ''Ishq'', ''Gupt'', ''Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya'', ''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]'', ''Hum Aapke Dil Mein Rehte Hain'', ''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham'', ''Fanaa'', ''My Name Is Khan, and Dilwale.'' ==Personal life== She is married to fellow actor, [[Ajay Devgan|Ajay Devgn]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=1 September 2016|title=17 Years Later, Kajol Reveals Why She Married Ajay at the Peak of Her Career|work=NDTV|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/why-kajol-decided-to-marry-ajay-devgn-1453014/amp/1}}</ref> They have a daughter and a son.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Raghuvanshi|first=Aakanksha|date=13 September 2021|title="So Grown Up," Writes Kajol In Her Birthday Post For Son Yug|work=NDTV|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/so-grown-up-writes-kajol-in-her-birthday-post-for-son-yug-2539627/amp/1}}</ref> ==Awards== ===Filmfare Awards=== * 2010 Best Actress - ''My Name Is Khan'' *2006 Best Actress - ''Fanaa'' *2001 Best Actress - ''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham'' *1998 Best Actress - ''Kuch Kuch Hota Hai'' *1997 Best Villain/Villainess - ''Gupt'' *1995 Best Actress - ''Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge'' ===Screen Weekly Awards=== *2002 Best Actress - ''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham'' *1999 Best Actress - ''Dushman'' ===Padma Shri Award=== *2011 [[Padma Shri]] by the Government of India ==References== {{reflist}} {{commonscat}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Indian actors]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:1974 births]] [[Category:Actors from Mumbai]] [[Category:Marathi people]] 907sfv5x3h8xytrxlvu5k65w86m6dyv 0 367131 10368112 10114774 2025-07-02T19:15:23Z 2001:569:BC15:6100:7412:A1EA:F9E0:D569 /* Music video */ 10368112 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Wide Awake | cover = | alt = | type = | artist = [[Katy Perry]] | album = Teenage Dream {{noitalic|([[Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection|Reissue]])}} | EP = | written = | published =2011 | released = May 22, 2012 | format = | recorded =2011 | studio = | venue = | genre = [[Electropop]] | length = 3:40 | label = Capitol | writer = {{hlist|[[Katy Perry]]|[[Bonnie McKee]]|[[Max Martin]]|Henry Walter|Lukasz Gottwald<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/Katy-Perry-Teenage-Dream-The-Complete-Confection/release/3500840|title=Katy Perry - Teenage Dream - The Complete Confection|website=Discogs|language=en|accessdate=2017-10-18}}</ref>}} | composer = | lyricist = | producer = Cirkut | prev_title = [[Part of Me]] | prev_year = 2012 | title = | next_title = [[Roar (song)|Roar]] | next_year = 2013 | misc = {{External music video|1={{YouTube|k0BWlvnBmIE|Wide Awake}}}} }} "'''Wide Awake'''" is a song by American pop singer-songwriter [[Katy Perry]]. The single was released May 22, 2012, via Capitol Records as the second and final single from ''Teenage Dream: The Complete Connection'', a re-release of Perry's third studio album, ''[[Teenage Dream]]''. The song was well acclaimed by music critics, many of whom gave the maturity of Perry as a reason for citing. The song hit number 1 in several countries, including [[Canada]], Poland, New Zealand, and Venezuela, while it peaked at number 2 in the [[United States]]. The single is among a string of [[hit song|hits]] by Perry. It is an electronic song about moving on and taking hardships when breaking up. The song was certified quintuple-platinum in the US for sales and streams of over five million copies. It ranked at number 15 on ''Billboard''<nowiki/>'s Year-End Hot 100 of 2012 in the US Katy Perry wrote .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bobborst.com/popculture/top-100-songs-of-the-year/?year=2012|title=Top 100 Songs of 2012 - Billboard Year End Charts|website=Bob Borst's Home of Pop Culture|language=en|accessdate=2017-10-18|archive-date=2012-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121225011130/http://www.bobborst.com/popculture/top-100-songs-of-the-year/?year=2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Music video== The video for "Wide Awake" begins with Perry behind the scenes on the set of the music video for "[[California Gurls]]". She goes to her dressing room and stares at her reflection in the mirror. Perry is then seen in a dark forest, holding a lantern and trying to escape it like a maze. She meets a younger version of herself and eats a strawberry from a tree, which poisons her. Later, Katy and her younger self exit to find Katy's "Prince Charming" who crosses his fingers behind his back in distrust. Katy punches him, and her younger self is seen riding away on a bike with a name plate reading "Katheryn," Katy Perry's first name. The video ends with Katy singing "[[Teenage Dream (song)|Teenage Dream]]" on the California Dreams Tour. ==Credits and personnel== '''Recording locations''' * Recorded at NightBird Recording Studios <small>(West Hollywood, California)</small> * Mixed at MixStar Studios <small>(Virginia Beach, California)</small> '''Personnel''' *[[Katy Perry]] – backing vocals, lead vocals, songwriting *[[Dr. Luke|Lukasz Gottwald]] – songwriting, producer, instruments, programming *[[Max Martin]] – songwriting *[[Bonnie McKee]] – songwriting *[[Cirkut|Henry Walter]] – songwriting, instruments, programming, producer *John Hanes – engineering *[[Serban Ghenea]] – mixing == References == <references /> {{Katy Perry}} [[Category:2012 songs]] [[Category:Katy Perry songs]] s4dunpb79t98py09dwdywnboz23em6x 10368115 10368112 2025-07-02T19:19:36Z 2001:569:BC15:6100:7412:A1EA:F9E0:D569 /* References */ 10368115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Wide Awake | cover = | alt = | type = | artist = [[Katy Perry]] | album = Teenage Dream {{noitalic|([[Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection|Reissue]])}} | EP = | written = | published =2011 | released = May 22, 2012 | format = | recorded =2011 | studio = | venue = | genre = [[Electropop]] | length = 3:40 | label = Capitol | writer = {{hlist|[[Katy Perry]]|[[Bonnie McKee]]|[[Max Martin]]|Henry Walter|Lukasz Gottwald<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/Katy-Perry-Teenage-Dream-The-Complete-Confection/release/3500840|title=Katy Perry - Teenage Dream - The Complete Confection|website=Discogs|language=en|accessdate=2017-10-18}}</ref>}} | composer = | lyricist = | producer = Cirkut | prev_title = [[Part of Me]] | prev_year = 2012 | title = | next_title = [[Roar (song)|Roar]] | next_year = 2013 | misc = {{External music video|1={{YouTube|k0BWlvnBmIE|Wide Awake}}}} }} "'''Wide Awake'''" is a song by American pop singer-songwriter [[Katy Perry]]. The single was released May 22, 2012, via Capitol Records as the second and final single from ''Teenage Dream: The Complete Connection'', a re-release of Perry's third studio album, ''[[Teenage Dream]]''. The song was well acclaimed by music critics, many of whom gave the maturity of Perry as a reason for citing. The song hit number 1 in several countries, including [[Canada]], Poland, New Zealand, and Venezuela, while it peaked at number 2 in the [[United States]]. The single is among a string of [[hit song|hits]] by Perry. It is an electronic song about moving on and taking hardships when breaking up. The song was certified quintuple-platinum in the US for sales and streams of over five million copies. It ranked at number 15 on ''Billboard''<nowiki/>'s Year-End Hot 100 of 2012 in the US Katy Perry wrote .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bobborst.com/popculture/top-100-songs-of-the-year/?year=2012|title=Top 100 Songs of 2012 - Billboard Year End Charts|website=Bob Borst's Home of Pop Culture|language=en|accessdate=2017-10-18|archive-date=2012-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121225011130/http://www.bobborst.com/popculture/top-100-songs-of-the-year/?year=2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Music video== The video for "Wide Awake" begins with Perry behind the scenes on the set of the music video for "[[California Gurls]]". She goes to her dressing room and stares at her reflection in the mirror. Perry is then seen in a dark forest, holding a lantern and trying to escape it like a maze. She meets a younger version of herself and eats a strawberry from a tree, which poisons her. Later, Katy and her younger self exit to find Katy's "Prince Charming" who crosses his fingers behind his back in distrust. Katy punches him, and her younger self is seen riding away on a bike with a name plate reading "Katheryn," Katy Perry's first name. The video ends with Katy singing "[[Teenage Dream (song)|Teenage Dream]]" on the California Dreams Tour. ==Credits and personnel== '''Recording locations''' * Recorded at NightBird Recording Studios <small>(West Hollywood, California)</small> * Mixed at MixStar Studios <small>(Virginia Beach, California)</small> '''Personnel''' *[[Katy Perry]] – backing vocals, lead vocals, songwriting *[[Dr. Luke|Lukasz Gottwald]] – songwriting, producer, instruments, programming *[[Max Martin]] – songwriting *[[Bonnie McKee]] – songwriting *[[Cirkut|Henry Walter]] – songwriting, instruments, programming, producer *John Hanes – engineering *[[Serban Ghenea]] – mixing ==Other websites== * {{YouTube|3D5FwwtNVM|Lyric video}} * {{MetroLyrics song|katy-perry|wide awake-lyrics-katy-perry}} == References == <references /> {{Katy Perry}} [[Category:2012 songs]] [[Category:Katy Perry songs]] b300psk6dawfrzflzoq5xt0wkvxhlhp 10368116 10368115 2025-07-02T19:19:52Z 2001:569:BC15:6100:7412:A1EA:F9E0:D569 /* Other websites */ 10368116 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Wide Awake | cover = | alt = | type = | artist = [[Katy Perry]] | album = Teenage Dream {{noitalic|([[Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection|Reissue]])}} | EP = | written = | published =2011 | released = May 22, 2012 | format = | recorded =2011 | studio = | venue = | genre = [[Electropop]] | length = 3:40 | label = Capitol | writer = {{hlist|[[Katy Perry]]|[[Bonnie McKee]]|[[Max Martin]]|Henry Walter|Lukasz Gottwald<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/Katy-Perry-Teenage-Dream-The-Complete-Confection/release/3500840|title=Katy Perry - Teenage Dream - The Complete Confection|website=Discogs|language=en|accessdate=2017-10-18}}</ref>}} | composer = | lyricist = | producer = Cirkut | prev_title = [[Part of Me]] | prev_year = 2012 | title = | next_title = [[Roar (song)|Roar]] | next_year = 2013 | misc = {{External music video|1={{YouTube|k0BWlvnBmIE|Wide Awake}}}} }} "'''Wide Awake'''" is a song by American pop singer-songwriter [[Katy Perry]]. The single was released May 22, 2012, via Capitol Records as the second and final single from ''Teenage Dream: The Complete Connection'', a re-release of Perry's third studio album, ''[[Teenage Dream]]''. The song was well acclaimed by music critics, many of whom gave the maturity of Perry as a reason for citing. The song hit number 1 in several countries, including [[Canada]], Poland, New Zealand, and Venezuela, while it peaked at number 2 in the [[United States]]. The single is among a string of [[hit song|hits]] by Perry. It is an electronic song about moving on and taking hardships when breaking up. The song was certified quintuple-platinum in the US for sales and streams of over five million copies. It ranked at number 15 on ''Billboard''<nowiki/>'s Year-End Hot 100 of 2012 in the US Katy Perry wrote .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bobborst.com/popculture/top-100-songs-of-the-year/?year=2012|title=Top 100 Songs of 2012 - Billboard Year End Charts|website=Bob Borst's Home of Pop Culture|language=en|accessdate=2017-10-18|archive-date=2012-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121225011130/http://www.bobborst.com/popculture/top-100-songs-of-the-year/?year=2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Music video== The video for "Wide Awake" begins with Perry behind the scenes on the set of the music video for "[[California Gurls]]". She goes to her dressing room and stares at her reflection in the mirror. Perry is then seen in a dark forest, holding a lantern and trying to escape it like a maze. She meets a younger version of herself and eats a strawberry from a tree, which poisons her. Later, Katy and her younger self exit to find Katy's "Prince Charming" who crosses his fingers behind his back in distrust. Katy punches him, and her younger self is seen riding away on a bike with a name plate reading "Katheryn," Katy Perry's first name. The video ends with Katy singing "[[Teenage Dream (song)|Teenage Dream]]" on the California Dreams Tour. ==Credits and personnel== '''Recording locations''' * Recorded at NightBird Recording Studios <small>(West Hollywood, California)</small> * Mixed at MixStar Studios <small>(Virginia Beach, California)</small> '''Personnel''' *[[Katy Perry]] – backing vocals, lead vocals, songwriting *[[Dr. Luke|Lukasz Gottwald]] – songwriting, producer, instruments, programming *[[Max Martin]] – songwriting *[[Bonnie McKee]] – songwriting *[[Cirkut|Henry Walter]] – songwriting, instruments, programming, producer *John Hanes – engineering *[[Serban Ghenea]] – mixing ==Other websites== * {{YouTube|3D5FwwtNVM|Lyric video}} * {{MetroLyrics song|katy-perry|wide Awake-lyrics-katy-perry}} == References == <references /> {{Katy Perry}} [[Category:2012 songs]] [[Category:Katy Perry songs]] b6iq9mqxufkyaabefaay4jhs08n86aa 10368129 10368116 2025-07-02T19:27:38Z 2001:569:BC15:6100:7412:A1EA:F9E0:D569 /* Other websites */ 10368129 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Wide Awake | cover = | alt = | type = | artist = [[Katy Perry]] | album = Teenage Dream {{noitalic|([[Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection|Reissue]])}} | EP = | written = | published =2011 | released = May 22, 2012 | format = | recorded =2011 | studio = | venue = | genre = [[Electropop]] | length = 3:40 | label = Capitol | writer = {{hlist|[[Katy Perry]]|[[Bonnie McKee]]|[[Max Martin]]|Henry Walter|Lukasz Gottwald<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/Katy-Perry-Teenage-Dream-The-Complete-Confection/release/3500840|title=Katy Perry - Teenage Dream - The Complete Confection|website=Discogs|language=en|accessdate=2017-10-18}}</ref>}} | composer = | lyricist = | producer = Cirkut | prev_title = [[Part of Me]] | prev_year = 2012 | title = | next_title = [[Roar (song)|Roar]] | next_year = 2013 | misc = {{External music video|1={{YouTube|k0BWlvnBmIE|Wide Awake}}}} }} "'''Wide Awake'''" is a song by American pop singer-songwriter [[Katy Perry]]. The single was released May 22, 2012, via Capitol Records as the second and final single from ''Teenage Dream: The Complete Connection'', a re-release of Perry's third studio album, ''[[Teenage Dream]]''. The song was well acclaimed by music critics, many of whom gave the maturity of Perry as a reason for citing. The song hit number 1 in several countries, including [[Canada]], Poland, New Zealand, and Venezuela, while it peaked at number 2 in the [[United States]]. The single is among a string of [[hit song|hits]] by Perry. It is an electronic song about moving on and taking hardships when breaking up. The song was certified quintuple-platinum in the US for sales and streams of over five million copies. It ranked at number 15 on ''Billboard''<nowiki/>'s Year-End Hot 100 of 2012 in the US Katy Perry wrote .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bobborst.com/popculture/top-100-songs-of-the-year/?year=2012|title=Top 100 Songs of 2012 - Billboard Year End Charts|website=Bob Borst's Home of Pop Culture|language=en|accessdate=2017-10-18|archive-date=2012-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121225011130/http://www.bobborst.com/popculture/top-100-songs-of-the-year/?year=2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Music video== The video for "Wide Awake" begins with Perry behind the scenes on the set of the music video for "[[California Gurls]]". She goes to her dressing room and stares at her reflection in the mirror. Perry is then seen in a dark forest, holding a lantern and trying to escape it like a maze. She meets a younger version of herself and eats a strawberry from a tree, which poisons her. Later, Katy and her younger self exit to find Katy's "Prince Charming" who crosses his fingers behind his back in distrust. Katy punches him, and her younger self is seen riding away on a bike with a name plate reading "Katheryn," Katy Perry's first name. The video ends with Katy singing "[[Teenage Dream (song)|Teenage Dream]]" on the California Dreams Tour. ==Credits and personnel== '''Recording locations''' * Recorded at NightBird Recording Studios <small>(West Hollywood, California)</small> * Mixed at MixStar Studios <small>(Virginia Beach, California)</small> '''Personnel''' *[[Katy Perry]] – backing vocals, lead vocals, songwriting *[[Dr. Luke|Lukasz Gottwald]] – songwriting, producer, instruments, programming *[[Max Martin]] – songwriting *[[Bonnie McKee]] – songwriting *[[Cirkut|Henry Walter]] – songwriting, instruments, programming, producer *John Hanes – engineering *[[Serban Ghenea]] – mixing == References == <references /> {{Katy Perry}} [[Category:2012 songs]] [[Category:Katy Perry songs]] s4dunpb79t98py09dwdywnboz23em6x 10368130 10368129 2025-07-02T19:28:05Z 2001:569:BC15:6100:7412:A1EA:F9E0:D569 /* References */ 10368130 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Wide Awake | cover = | alt = | type = | artist = [[Katy Perry]] | album = Teenage Dream {{noitalic|([[Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection|Reissue]])}} | EP = | written = | published =2011 | released = May 22, 2012 | format = | recorded =2011 | studio = | venue = | genre = [[Electropop]] | length = 3:40 | label = Capitol | writer = {{hlist|[[Katy Perry]]|[[Bonnie McKee]]|[[Max Martin]]|Henry Walter|Lukasz Gottwald<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/Katy-Perry-Teenage-Dream-The-Complete-Confection/release/3500840|title=Katy Perry - Teenage Dream - The Complete Confection|website=Discogs|language=en|accessdate=2017-10-18}}</ref>}} | composer = | lyricist = | producer = Cirkut | prev_title = [[Part of Me]] | prev_year = 2012 | title = | next_title = [[Roar (song)|Roar]] | next_year = 2013 | misc = {{External music video|1={{YouTube|k0BWlvnBmIE|Wide Awake}}}} }} "'''Wide Awake'''" is a song by American pop singer-songwriter [[Katy Perry]]. The single was released May 22, 2012, via Capitol Records as the second and final single from ''Teenage Dream: The Complete Connection'', a re-release of Perry's third studio album, ''[[Teenage Dream]]''. The song was well acclaimed by music critics, many of whom gave the maturity of Perry as a reason for citing. The song hit number 1 in several countries, including [[Canada]], Poland, New Zealand, and Venezuela, while it peaked at number 2 in the [[United States]]. The single is among a string of [[hit song|hits]] by Perry. It is an electronic song about moving on and taking hardships when breaking up. The song was certified quintuple-platinum in the US for sales and streams of over five million copies. It ranked at number 15 on ''Billboard''<nowiki/>'s Year-End Hot 100 of 2012 in the US Katy Perry wrote .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bobborst.com/popculture/top-100-songs-of-the-year/?year=2012|title=Top 100 Songs of 2012 - Billboard Year End Charts|website=Bob Borst's Home of Pop Culture|language=en|accessdate=2017-10-18|archive-date=2012-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121225011130/http://www.bobborst.com/popculture/top-100-songs-of-the-year/?year=2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Music video== The video for "Wide Awake" begins with Perry behind the scenes on the set of the music video for "[[California Gurls]]". She goes to her dressing room and stares at her reflection in the mirror. Perry is then seen in a dark forest, holding a lantern and trying to escape it like a maze. She meets a younger version of herself and eats a strawberry from a tree, which poisons her. Later, Katy and her younger self exit to find Katy's "Prince Charming" who crosses his fingers behind his back in distrust. Katy punches him, and her younger self is seen riding away on a bike with a name plate reading "Katheryn," Katy Perry's first name. The video ends with Katy singing "[[Teenage Dream (song)|Teenage Dream]]" on the California Dreams Tour. ==Credits and personnel== '''Recording locations''' * Recorded at NightBird Recording Studios <small>(West Hollywood, California)</small> * Mixed at MixStar Studios <small>(Virginia Beach, California)</small> '''Personnel''' *[[Katy Perry]] – backing vocals, lead vocals, songwriting *[[Dr. Luke|Lukasz Gottwald]] – songwriting, producer, instruments, programming *[[Max Martin]] – songwriting *[[Bonnie McKee]] – songwriting *[[Cirkut|Henry Walter]] – songwriting, instruments, programming, producer *John Hanes – engineering *[[Serban Ghenea]] – mixing == References == <references /> ==Other websites== * {{YouTube|3D5FwwtNVM|Lyric video}} * {{MetroLyrics song|katy-perry|wide Awake-lyrics-katy-perry}} {{Katy Perry}} [[Category:2012 songs]] [[Category:Katy Perry songs]] 1dixeohjjen83fkd2e71gt7z4xfmf6d 0 369158 10367871 10186246 2025-07-02T16:21:55Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ US-EN 10367871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = Adventure Time logo2.png | image_size = | caption = | alt_name = ''Adventure Time with Finn & Jake''<br />''Adventure Time with Finn, Jake & BMO'' | genre = [[Comedy]], [[fantasy]], [[Adventure fiction|adventure]]<ref name="amazon">{{cite web | url=https://www.amazon.com/Adventure-Time-Volume-4/dp/B008CS7UT6 | title=Amazon.com: Adventure Time Volume 4: Amazon Video | website=Amazon | access-date=March 9, 2015}}</ref> | creator = [[Pendleton Ward]] | director = [[Larry Leichliter]] | creative_director = [[Patrick McHale (cartoonist)|Patrick McHale]]<br/>[[Cole Sanchez]]<br/>[[Adam Muto]]<br/>Nate Cash | voices = [[Jeremy Shada]]<br/>[[John DiMaggio]]<br/>[[Hynden Walch]]<br/>[[Niki Yang]]<br/>[[Tom Kenny]]<br/>[[Olivia Olson]]<br/>[[Dee Bradley Baker]]<br/>[[Pendleton Ward]]<br/>[[Polly Lou Livingston]]<br/>[[Jessica DiCicco]] | opentheme = "Adventure Time", performed by Pendleton Ward | endtheme = "The Island Song", performed by Ashley Eriksson | composer = [[Mark Mothersbaugh]]<br/>Tim Kiefer | country = United States | num_seasons = 10 | num_episodes = 283 | list_episodes = List of Adventure Time episodes | related = | executive_producer = Pendleton Ward<br/>[[Fred Seibert]]<br/>Adam Muto<br/>[[Derek Drymon]] <small>(Season 1 only)</small> |producer = Kelly Crews | runtime = 6 minutes <small>(pilot only)</small><br/>11 minutes | company = [[Frederator Studios]]<br/>[[Cartoon Network Studios]] | channel = [[Cartoon Network]]<br/>[[Nicktoons (United States)|Nicktoons]] {{small|(pilot only)}} | first_aired = {{start date|2009|08|03}} | last_aired = {{End date|2018|9|3}} }} '''''Adventure Time''''', also referred to as '''''Adventure Time with Finn & Jake''''' or '''''Adventure Time with Finn, Jake & BMO''''', is an American animated sitcom created by [[Pendleton Ward]] for [[Cartoon Network]]. Finn, Jake and BMO live in the Land of Ooo, which is a nation of an overworld version of Earth that has been nearly destroyed by the Great Mushroom War.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://io9.com/5890128/pendleton-ward-explains-how-hes-keeping-adventure-time-weird |title="Pendleton Ward explains how he’s keeping Adventure Time weird." |access-date=2012-11-04 |archive-date=2015-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209063410/http://io9.com/5890128/pendleton-ward-explains-how-hes-keeping-adventure-time-weird |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Episodes== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- ! Season ! Episodes ! Season premiere ! Season finale |- | style="background:limegreen; color:#100;"| [[List of Adventure Time episodes#Pilot: 2007|Pilot]] | 1 | colspan="2"| January 11, 2007 |- | style="background:#00bfff; color:#100;"| [[Prisoners of Love (Adventure Time episode)|1]] | 26 | August 3, 2009 | January 25, 2010 |- | style="background:#f00; color:#100;"| [[The Eyes (Adventure Time episode)|2]] | 26 | October 11, 2010 | May 9, 2011 |- | style="background:#f9c; color:#100;"| [[Hitman (Adventure Time episode)|3]] | 26 | July 11, 2011<ref name="OVGuide">{{cite web|url=http://www.ovguide.com/tv_episode/adventure-time-with-finn-and-jake-season-3-episode-1-conquest-of-cuteness-4100408|title=OVGuide – Conquest of Cuteness|access-date=June 19, 2011|publisher=OVGuide}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | February 13, 2012 |- | style="background:#fc0; color:#100;"| [[List of Adventure Time episodes#Season 4: 2012|4]] | 26 | April 2, 2012<ref>[http://www.formspring.me/MrMuto/q/296191665067000518 I just saw a commercial saying Season 4 will start in April. | Formspring]. Formspring.me (2012-02-21). Retrieved on 2012-06-03.</ref> | October 22, 2012 |- | style="background:#ff0; color:#100;"| [[List of Adventure Time episodes#Season 5: 2012-present|5]] | 52 | November 12, 2012 | March 17, 2014 |} ==Awards and nominations== === Television === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" | |- ! Year ! Award ! Category ! Nominee ! Result ! class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- | 2007 | [[34th Annie Awards|Annie Award]] | [[Annie Award for Best Animated Short Subject|Best Animated Short Subject]] | For "[[Adventure Time (pilot)|Adventure Time]]" pilot | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|title=Awards :: 34th Annie Awards |url=http://annieawards.org/34th-annie-awards |publisher=[[ASIFA-Hollywood]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322211430/http://annieawards.org/34th-annie-awards |archive-date=March 22, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | 2009 | [[61st Primetime Emmy Awards|Primetime Emmy Award]] | [[Primetime Emmy Award for Short-format Animation|Outstanding Short-Format Animated Program]] | For "[[My Two Favorite People]]" | {{nom}} | <ref name=emmyssitearchive>{{cite web|title=Adventure Time |url=http://www.emmys.com/shows/adventure-time |publisher=[[Academy of Television Arts & Sciences]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307041221/http://www.emmys.com/shows/adventure-time |archive-date=March 7, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" | 2011 | [[38th Annie Awards|Annie Award]] | Best Animated Television Production for Children | ''Adventure Time'' | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|last=Seibert |first=Fred |url=http://archives.frederatorblogs.com/adventure_time/2010/12/06/adventure-time-nominated-for-an-annie/ |title=''Adventure Time'' Nominated for an Annie |publisher=[[Frederator]] |date=December 6, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029191653/http://archives.frederatorblogs.com/adventure_time/2010/12/06/adventure-time-nominated-for-an-annie/ |archive-date=October 29, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | [[British Academy Children's Awards]] | International | ''Adventure Time'' | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|title=Children's in 2011 |url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/2011/childrens |publisher=[[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128165118/http://awards.bafta.org/award/2011/childrens |archive-date=January 28, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | [[63rd Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards|Primetime Emmy Award]] | Outstanding Short-Format Animated Program | For "[[It Came from the Nightosphere]]" | {{nom}} | <ref name=emmyssitearchive/> |- | rowspan="6"|2012 | rowspan="2"|[[39th Annie Awards|Annie Award]] | Best Animated Special Production | For "Thank You" | {{nom}} | <ref name=annie2011>{{cite web|last=Beck |first=Jerry |title=Annie Award Nominations 2011 |url=http://www.cartoonbrew.com/events/annie-award-nominations-2011-53561.html |website=[[Cartoon Brew]] |date=December 5, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303202222/http://www.cartoonbrew.com/events/annie-award-nominations-2011-53561.html |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | Best Storyboarding in a Television Production | [[Rebecca Sugar]] | {{nom}} | <ref name=annie2011/> |- | [[2nd Critics' Choice Television Awards|Critics' Choice Television Awards]] | [[Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Animated Series|Best Animated Series]] | ''Adventure Time'' | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/tv/ustv/news/a388196/critics-choice-television-awards-2012-the-winners-in-full/ |title=Critics Choice Television Awards 2012: The Winners in Full |last=Goodacre |first=Kate |date=June 19, 2012 |work=[[Digital Spy]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126004848/http://www.digitalspy.com/tv/ustv/news/a388196/critics-choice-television-awards-2012-the-winners-in-full/ |archive-date=November 26, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | [[64th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards|Primetime Emmy Award]] | Outstanding Short-Format Animated Program | For "[[Too Young (Adventure Time)|Too Young]]" | {{nom}} | <ref name=emmyssitearchive/> |- | [[Nickelodeon Mexico Kids' Choice Awards|Kids' Choice Awards Mexico]] | Favorite Cartoon | ''Adventure Time'' | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|last=Souza |first=Nielsen |title=Nickelodeon Nominados a los Kids' Choice Awards México 2012 |trans-title=Nickelodean Nominations for the 2012 Kids' Choice Awards |url=http://www.anmtvla.com/2012/06/nickelodeon-nominados-los-kids-choice.html |website=anmtvla.com |date=June 19, 2012 |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315173209/http://www.anmtvla.com/2012/06/nickelodeon-nominados-los-kids-choice.html |archive-date=March 15, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | [[Kids' Choice Awards Argentina 2012|Kids' Choice Awards Argentina]] | Favorite Cartoon | ''Adventure Time'' | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|title=Se conocieron los candidatos de los Kids' Choice Awards Argentina |trans-title=Meet the candidates for the Kids' Choice Awards Argentina |url=http://www.infobae.com/2012/08/11/664179-se-conocieron-los-candidatos-los-kids-choice-awards-argentina |website=[[Infobae]] |date=August 11, 2012 |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309063604/http://www.infobae.com/2012/08/11/664179-se-conocieron-los-candidatos-los-kids-choice-awards-argentina |archive-date=March 9, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | rowspan="13"|2013 | rowspan="4"|[[40th Annie Awards|Annie Award]] | Best Animated Television Production for Children | For "[[Princess Cookie]]" | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite magazine|last=Busis|first=Hillary|title=Annie Award Nominees Announced {{en dash}} Wreck-It Ralph, Brave, & More|url=http://ew.com/article/2012/12/03/annie-awards-nominees/|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=December 3, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329083532/http://ew.com/article/2012/12/03/annie-awards-nominees/|archive-date=March 29, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | Design in an Animated Television/Broadcast Production | For "[[The Hard Easy (Adventure Time)|The Hard Easy]]" | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|title=Annie Award Nominations Unveiled |url=http://deadline.com/2012/12/2012-annie-award-nominations-381176/ |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=December 3, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203024642/http://deadline.com/2012/12/2012-annie-award-nominations-381176/ |archive-date=February 3, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | Storyboarding in an Animated Television/Broadcast Production | For "[[Goliad (Adventure Time)|Goliad]]" | {{nom}} | <ref name="latimes1">{{cite news|last=King |first=Susan |title='Brave,' 'Wreck-It Ralph' Among Nominees for the Annie Awards |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2012/dec/03/entertainment/la-et-mn-brave-wreck-it-ralph-nominees-annie-awards-20121202/4 |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=December 3, 2012 |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305085649/http://articles.latimes.com/2012/dec/03/entertainment/la-et-mn-brave-wreck-it-ralph-nominees-annie-awards-20121202/4 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | Storyboarding in an Animated Television/Broadcast Production | For "[[Lady & Peebles]]" | {{nom}} | <ref name="latimes1"/> |- | [[Sundance Film Festival]] | Animated Short Film | For "Thank You" | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|title=Thank You {{en dash}} Festival Program|url=http://filmguide.sundance.org/film/13180/thank_you|publisher=[[Sundance Institute]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007155511/http://filmguide.sundance.org/film/13180/thank_you|archive-date=October 7, 2014}}</ref> |- | [[Motion Picture Sound Editors|Golden Reel Awards]] | Sound Effects, Foley, Dialogue, and ADR Animation in Television | For "[[Card Wars]]" | {{won}} | <ref>{{cite news|title=The 60th MPSE Golden Reel Awards Winners and Nominees |url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-60th-mpse-golden-reel-awards-nominees-list-story.html |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=January 17, 2013 |archive-date=March 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309225446/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-60th-mpse-golden-reel-awards-nominees-list-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | [[Annecy International Animated Film Festival]] | TV Series | For "Princess Cookie" | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|title=Annecy 2013 > Festival > Official Selection |url=http://www.annecy.org/annecy-2013/festival/official-selection:c8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130401141556/http://www.annecy.org/annecy-2013/festival/official-selection%3Ac8 |archive-date=April 1, 2013 |publisher=[[Annecy International Animated Film Festival]] |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | [[3rd Critics' Choice Television Awards|Critics' Choice Television Awards]] | Best Animated Series | ''Adventure Time'' | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|last1=Nordyke |first1=Kimberley |last2=Hunt |first2=Stacey Wilson |title=Critics' Choice Television Awards: Complete Winners List |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/critics-choice-television-awards-complete-565709 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=June 10, 2013 |archive-date=November 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125002405/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/critics-choice-television-awards-complete-565709 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | [[29th TCA Awards|TCA Awards]] | [[TCA Award for Outstanding Achievement in Youth Programming|Outstanding Achievement in Youth Programming]] | ''Adventure Time'' | {{nom}} | <ref name=toonzonemarcyawards>{{cite web|last=Liu |first=Ed |title=Get Closer to Marceline the Vampire Queen in "Adventure Time: Stake" Starting November 16, 2015 |url=http://www.toonzone.net/clip-get-closer-to-marceline-the-vampire-queen-in-adventure-time-stake-starting-november-16-2015/ |website=Toonzone |date=October 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530022806/http://www.toonzone.net/clip-get-closer-to-marceline-the-vampire-queen-in-adventure-time-stake-starting-november-16-2015/ |archive-date=May 30, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | [[2013 Teen Choice Awards|Teen Choice Awards]] | [[Teen Choice Award for Choice Animated Series|Choice Animated Series]] | ''Adventure Time'' | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|last=Hayner|first=Chris E.|title=Teen Choice Awards 2013: Full Winners List|url=http://screenertv.com/news-features/teen-choice-awards-2013-full-winners-list/|website=[[Screener (website)|Screener]]|date=November 11, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329084046/http://screenertv.com/news-features/teen-choice-awards-2013-full-winners-list/|archive-date=March 29, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2"|[[65th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards|Primetime Emmy Award]] | Outstanding Individual Achievement in Animation | [[Andy Ristaino]], for "[[Puhoy]]" | {{won}} | <ref>{{cite web|last=Weisman |first=Jon |title=Emmy Wins Come Early for 'Adventure Time,' 'Portlandia,' 'Simpsons' |url=https://variety.com/2013/tv/news/simpsons-adventure-time-portlandia-emmys-juried-1200577981/ |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=August 14, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322073944/http://variety.com/2013/tv/news/simpsons-adventure-time-portlandia-emmys-juried-1200577981/ |archive-date=March 22, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | Outstanding Short-Format Animated Program | For "[[Simon & Marcy]]" | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite news|title=Emmys 2013: Complete List of Nominees |url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/tv/la-et-st-emmy-nominations-2013-list-story.html |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=July 18, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218171621/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/tv/la-et-st-emmy-nominations-2013-list-story.html |archive-date=February 18, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | [[British Academy Children's Awards]] | International | ''Adventure Time'' | {{won}} | <ref>{{cite web|title=Children's {{!}} International in 2013 |url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/2013/childrens/international |publisher=[[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304191846/http://awards.bafta.org/award/2013/childrens/international |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | rowspan="15"|2014 | rowspan="4"|[[41st Annie Awards|Annie Award]] | Best Animated TV/Broadcast Production for Children's Audience | ''Adventure Time'' | {{won}} | <ref name=anniewinners2014>{{cite web|last=Patton |first=Dominic |title=Annie Awards: 'Frozen' Wins Big Including Best Feature; Miyazaki Gets Best Writing; Spielberg Honored; 'Futurama' & 'Sofia' Top TV; 'Get A Horse!' Best Short |url=http://deadline.com/2014/02/annie-award-winners-2014-animated-film-society-awards-675080/ |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=February 1, 2014 |archive-date=April 28, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428100246/http://deadline.com/2014/02/annie-award-winners-2014-animated-film-society-awards-675080/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | Outstanding Achievement, Production Design in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | [[Nick Jennings (artist)|Nick Jennings]], et al. | {{nom}} | <ref name=annieawards2014>{{cite web|title=41st Annual Annie Awards Categories|url=http://annieawards.org//index.php?cID=187|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329092642/http://annieawards.org//index.php?cID=187|archive-date=March 29, 2017|url-status=live|publisher=[[International Animated Film Association]]}}</ref> |- | Outstanding Achievement, Voice Acting in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | [[Tom Kenny]] | {{won}} | <ref name=anniewinners2014/> |- | Outstanding Achievement, Editorial in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Paul Douglas | {{nom}} | <ref name=anniewinners2014/> |- | rowspan="2" | [[Hall of Game Awards]] | Most Valuable Cartoon |''Adventure Time'' | {{won}} | <ref>{{cite web|title=Cartoon Network Announces Winners of 2014 Hall of Game Awards |url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/Cartoon-Network-Announces-Winners-of-2014-HALL-OF-GAME-Awards-20140216 |website=Broadway World |date=February 16, 2014 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045534/http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/Cartoon-Network-Announces-Winners-of-2014-HALL-OF-GAME-Awards-20140216 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- |Best Cartoon Boogie |[[Finn the Human]] |{{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|title=Vote Best Boogie |url=http://www.cartoonnetwork.com/tv_shows/hallofgame/vote/boogie/index.html |publisher=[[Cartoon Network]] |archive-date=April 24, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424160928/http://www.cartoonnetwork.com/tv_shows/hallofgame/vote/boogie/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | [[2014 Kids' Choice Awards|Kids' Choice Awards]] | Favorite Cartoon |''Adventure Time'' | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|title=Kids Choice Awards 2014|url=http://www.nick.com/kids-choice-awards/2014/nominees/|publisher=[[Nickelodeon]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304102113/http://www.nick.com/kids-choice-awards/2014/nominees|archive-date=March 4, 2014}}</ref> |- | [[4th Critics' Choice Television Awards|Critics' Choice Television Awards]] | Best Animated Series | ''Adventure Time'' | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|title=Critics' Choice Television Awards Nomination |url=http://pwcartoons.frederator.com/post/89082318221/critics-choice-television-awards-nomination |publisher=[[Frederator]] |date=June 17, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174541/http://pwcartoons.frederator.com/post/89082318221/critics-choice-television-awards-nomination |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | rowspan="2"|[[66th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards|Primetime Emmy Award]] | Outstanding Individual Achievement In Animation | [[Nick Jennings (artist)|Nick Jennings]], for "[[Wizards Only, Fools]]" | {{won}} | <ref>{{cite web|last=Bolden |first=Juliana |title=Governors Award to Casting Icon Marion Dougherty |url=http://www.emmys.com/news/awards-news/governors-award-casting-icon-marion-dougherty |publisher=[[Academy of Television Arts & Sciences]] |date=July 31, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303171529/http://www.emmys.com/news/awards-news/governors-award-casting-icon-marion-dougherty |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | Outstanding Short-Format Animated Program | For "[[Be More (Adventure Time)|Be More]]" | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/Downloads/66th-nominations-list.pdf |title=66th Emmy Nomination List |publisher=[[Academy of Television Arts & Sciences]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109205025/http://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/Downloads/66th-nominations-list.pdf |archive-date=January 9, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | [[2014 Teen Choice Awards|Teen Choice Awards]] | Choice Animated Series | ''Adventure Time'' | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.teenchoiceawards.com/tcnews.aspx|title=First Wave of 'Teen Choice 2014' Nominees Announced|publisher=[[Teen Choice Awards]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812073132/http://www.teenchoiceawards.com/tcnews.aspx|archive-date=August 12, 2014}}</ref> |- | [[30th TCA Awards|TCA Awards]] | Outstanding Achievement in Youth Programming | ''Adventure Time'' | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://ew.com/article/2014/05/27/tca-nominations-true-detective-starts-awards-season-fight/ |title=TCA nominations: 'True Detective' starts awards season fight |first=James |last=Hibberd |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=May 27, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602090608/http://www.ew.com/article/2014/05/27/tca-nominations-true-detective-starts-awards-season-fight |archive-date=June 2, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | [[Nickelodeon Colombia Kids' Choice Awards|Kids' Choice Awards Colombia]] | Favorite Animated Series | ''Adventure Time'' | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|language=es|url=http://kidschoiceawardscolombia.mundonick.com/ganadores/|title=Votación {{en dash}} Kids Choice Awards Colombia|publisher=[[Nickelodean]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903072718/http://kidschoiceawardscolombia.mundonick.com/ganadores/|archive-date=September 3, 2014}}</ref> |- | Kids' Choice Awards Mexico | Favorite Animated Series | ''Adventure Time'' | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|language=es|url=http://kidschoiceawardsmexico.mundonick.com/ganadores/|title=Votación {{en dash}} Kids Choice Awards Mexico|publisher=[[Nickelodean]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903072718/http://kidschoiceawardscolombia.mundonick.com/ganadores/|archive-date=September 3, 2014}}</ref> |- | [[British Academy Children's Awards]] | International | ''Adventure Time'' | {{won}} | <ref>{{cite web|title=Children's in 2014 |url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/2014/childrens |publisher=[[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406204657/http://awards.bafta.org/award/2014/childrens |archive-date=April 6, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | rowspan="13"|2015 | rowspan="2"|[[42nd Annie Awards|Annie Award]] | Outstanding Achievement, Directing in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | [[Yuasa Masaaki]] & Eunyoung Choi | {{nom}} | <ref name=annieawards2015>{{cite web|title=42nd Annie Awards |url=http://annieawards.org/42nd-annie-awards/ |publisher=[[International Animated Film Association]] |archive-date=December 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161211044636/http://annieawards.org/42nd-annie-awards/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | Best Animated TV/Broadcast Production for Children's Audience | ''Adventure Time'' | {{nom}} | <ref name=annieawards2015/> |- ||Pixel Award | Best Television Website | ''Finn and Jake's Big Adventure'' | {{won}} | <ref>{{cite web |title=Winners of the 9th Annual Pixel Awards |url=https://www.pixelawards.com/winners |publisher=The Pixel Awards |archive-date=April 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417024338/https://www.pixelawards.com/winners |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | [[2015 Kids' Choice Awards|Kids' Choice Awards]] | Favorite Cartoon |''Adventure Time'' | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|last=Macatee |first=Rebecca |title=2015 Nickelodeon's Kids' Choice Awards Honor Nick Jonas, Meryl Streep: See the Complete List of Nominees! |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/627610/2015-nickelodeon-s-kids-choice-awards-honor-nick-jonas-meryl-streep-see-the-complete-list-of-nominees |website=[[E! Online]] |date=February 20, 2015 |archive-date=November 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116211709/http://www.eonline.com/news/627610/2015-nickelodeon-s-kids-choice-awards-honor-nick-jonas-meryl-streep-see-the-complete-list-of-nominees |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | [[2015 Teen Choice Awards|Teen Choice Awards]] | Choice Animated Series | ''Adventure Time'' | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|last=''Variety'' staff |title=Teen Choice Awards 2015 Winners: Full List |url=https://variety.com/2015/tv/news/teen-choice-awards-winners-2015-full-list-1201571268/ |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=August 16, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129004233/http://variety.com/2015/tv/news/teen-choice-awards-winners-2015-full-list-1201571268/ |archive-date=January 29, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | [[Peabody Award]] | Children's Programming | ''Adventure Time'' | {{won}} | <ref>{{cite web|last=Steinberg |first=Brian |title='Cosmos,' 'Adventure Time,' 'Doc McStuffins' Among Peabody Winners |url=https://variety.com/2015/tv/news/peabody-awards-cosmos-adventure-time-doc-mcstuffins-1201478277/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=23 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305050914/http://variety.com/2015/tv/news/peabody-awards-cosmos-adventure-time-doc-mcstuffins-1201478277/ |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | [[Kerrang! Awards|''Kerrang!'' Award]] | Best TV Show | ''Adventure Time'' | {{won}} | <ref>{{cite web|title=The Relentless Kerrang! Awards 2015 Winners List |url=http://www.kerrang.com/32514/relentless-kerrang-awards-2015-winners-list/ |work=[[Kerrang!]] |date=June 11, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306163632/http://www.kerrang.com/32514/relentless-kerrang-awards-2015-winners-list |archive-date=March 6, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | [[Annecy International Animated Film Festival]] | TV Film | For "[[Food Chain (Adventure Time)|Food Chain]]" | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|title=''Adventure Time'' 'Food Chain' |url=http://www.annecy.org/programme/index:film-20152196 |publisher=[[Annecy International Animated Film Festival]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305031550/http://www.annecy.org/programme/index%3Afilm-20152196 |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | [[Nickelodeon Mexico Kids' Choice Awards|Kids' Choice Awards Mexico]] | Favorite Cartoon | ''Adventure Time'' | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web |title=El slime Regresó a México&nbsp;... ¡Conoce a Los Pre Nominados! |url=http://www.trendybynick.com/2015/06/kca-el-slime-regreso-a-mexico-conoce-a-los-nominados/ |website=Trendy By Nick |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222950/http://www.trendybynick.com/2015/06/kca-el-slime-regreso-a-mexico-conoce-a-los-nominados/ |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=June 16, 2015 }}</ref> |- | rowspan="2"|[[67th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards|Primetime Emmy Award]] | Outstanding Individual Achievement in Animation | [[Tom Herpich]], for "[[Walnuts & Rain]]" | {{won}} | <ref>{{cite web|title=Juried Award Winners Announced for the 67th Emmy Awards |url=http://www.emmys.com/news/awards-news/juried-award-winners-announced-67th-emmy-awards |date=September 10, 2015 |publisher=[[Academy of Television Arts & Sciences]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202160025/http://www.emmys.com/news/awards-news/juried-award-winners-announced-67th-emmy-awards |archive-date=February 2, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | Outstanding Short-format Animated Program | For "Jake the Brick" | {{won}} | <ref name=emmyssitearchive/> |- | [[Ottawa International Animation Festival]] | Series for Kids | For "The Tower" | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|last=[[Frederator]] staff |title=Look Out, September 20 |url=http://pwcartoons.frederator.com/post/124251720181/look-out-september-20-a-hearty-and-heartfelt |publisher=[[Frederator]] |date=July 16, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115803/http://pwcartoons.frederator.com/post/124251720181/look-out-september-20-a-hearty-and-heartfelt |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | [[British Academy Children's Awards]] | International | ''Adventure Time'' | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|title=Children's in 2015 |url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/2015/childrens |publisher=[[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329160904/http://awards.bafta.org/award/2015/childrens |archive-date=March 29, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | rowspan="5"|2016 | rowspan="2"|[[43rd Annie Awards|Annie Award]] | Outstanding Achievement, Writing in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Kent Osborne, et al. | {{nom}} | <ref name=varietyannies2016/> |- | Outstanding Achievement, Storyboarding in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Tom Herpich | {{nom}} | <ref name=varietyannies2016>{{cite web|last=Flores |first=Terry |title='Inside Out,' 'Good Dinosaur' Lead Annie Award Nominations |url=https://variety.com/2015/film/in-contention/pixar-picks-up-25-annie-nominations-1201650793/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=December 1, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205232313/http://variety.com/2015/film/in-contention/pixar-picks-up-25-annie-nominations-1201650793 |archive-date=February 5, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | rowspan="3"|[[68th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards|Primetime Emmy Award]] | Outstanding Individual Achievement in Animation | Jason Kolowski, for "[[Bad Jubies]]" | {{won}} | <ref name="yahooemmy">{{cite web|last=Yahoo TV staff |title=Emmys 2016: 'Adventure Time,' 'Robot Chicken' Among First Winners |url=https://www.yahoo.com/tv/emmys-animation-awards-adventure-time-000000538.html |website=[[Yahoo!]] |date=August 26, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217182024/https://www.yahoo.com/tv/emmys-animation-awards-adventure-time-000000538.html |archive-date=February 17, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | Outstanding Individual Achievement in Animation | Tom Herpich, for "[[Stakes (miniseries)|Stakes Part 8: The Dark Cloud]]" | {{won}} | <ref name="yahooemmy"/> |- | Outstanding Short-format Animated Program | For "[[The Hall of Egress]]" | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite news|last=Lewis |first=Dave |title=Complete List of 2016 Emmy Nominees |url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/tv/la-et-st-emmys-2016-nominees-winners-list-20160714-snap-story.html |newspaper=[[The Los Angeles Times]] |date=July 14, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201202517/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/tv/la-et-st-emmys-2016-nominees-winners-list-20160714-snap-story.html |archive-date=February 1, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | rowspan="5"|2017 | rowspan="3"|[[44th Annie Awards|Annie Award]] | Best Animated Television/Broadcast Production for Children | For "Bad Jubies" | {{won}} | <ref name=annie2017winners>{{cite web|last1=Flores|first1=Terry|title='Zootopia' Wins Top Prize at Annie Awards (Winners List)|url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/annie-awards-2017-zootopia-winners-list-1201978375/|date=February 4, 2017|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205195019/http://variety.com/2017/film/news/annie-awards-2017-zootopia-winners-list-1201978375/|archive-date=February 5, 2017}}</ref> |- | Outstanding Achievement, Directing in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Kirsten Lepore | {{nom}} | <ref name=annie2017/> |- | Outstanding Achievement, Production Design in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Jason Kolowski | {{nom}} | <ref name=annie2017>{{cite web|last=Flores |first=Terry |title='Zootopia' Tops Annie Awards Nominations, 'Kubo and the Two Strings' in Close Second |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/annie-awards-nominations-2017-zootopia-kubo-and-the-two-strings-1201927492/ |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=November 28, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202055647/http://variety.com/2016/film/news/annie-awards-nominations-2017-zootopia-kubo-and-the-two-strings-1201927492/ |archive-date=February 2, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | rowspan="1"|[[Common Sense Media]] | The Common Sense Seal | For ''[[Islands (miniseries)|Islands]]'' | {{won}} | <ref>{{cite web|title=Adventure Time: Islands|url=https://www.commonsensemedia.org/tv-reviews/adventure-time-islands|publisher=[[Common Sense Media]]|date=April 2017|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170423020018/https://www.commonsensemedia.org/tv-reviews/adventure-time-islands|archive-date=April 23, 2017}}</ref> |- | rowspan="1"|[[69th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards|Primetime Emmy Award]] | Outstanding Short-format Animated Program | For "[[Islands (miniseries)|Islands Part 4: Imaginary Resources]]" | {{won}} | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/2017-creative-arts-emmy-winners-list-1202552858/ |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |title=Creative Arts Emmy Winners: '13th,' 'RuPaul's Drag Race,' 'Saturday Night Live' Among Top Winners |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170910034521/http://variety.com/2017/tv/news/2017-creative-arts-emmy-winners-list-1202552858/ |archive-date=September 10, 2017 |url-status=live |date=September 9, 2017 |author=Littleton, Cynthia }}</ref> |- | rowspan="3"|2018 | rowspan="2"|[[70th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards|Primetime Emmy Award]] | Outstanding Individual Achievement in Animation | Lindsay Small-Butera, for "[[Ketchup (Adventure Time)|Ketchup]]" | {{won}} | <ref>{{cite web |last1=Pedersen |first1=Erik |title=Emmys: 'Broad City', 'The Simpsons' & 'Adventure Time' Among Juried Winners |url=https://deadline.com/2018/08/emmys-juried-winners-broad-city-the-simpsons-adventure-time-1202453475/ |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180828192149/https://deadline.com/2018/08/emmys-juried-winners-broad-city-the-simpsons-adventure-time-1202453475/ |archive-date=August 28, 2018 |date=August 28, 2018 |access-date=August 28, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | Outstanding Short-format Animated Program | For "Ring of Fire" | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.emmys.com/awards/nominees-winners/2018/outstanding-short-format-animated-program |title=70th Emmy Awards Nominees and Winners {{!}} Outstanding Short Form Animated Program {{en dash}} 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180713134359/https://www.emmys.com/awards/nominees-winners/2018/outstanding-short-format-animated-program |archive-date=July 13, 2018 |date=July 2018 |publisher=[[Academy of Television Arts & Sciences]] |access-date=July 13, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | [[9th Critics' Choice Television Awards|Critics' Choice Television Awards]] | [[Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Animated Series|Best Animated Series]] | ''Adventure Time'' | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2018/tv/awards/2018-critics-choice-awards-tv-nominations-list-1203085450/ |title='Americans,' 'Gianni Versace,' 'Escape at Dannemora' Lead Critics' Choice Awards TV Nominations |last=Tapley |first=Kristopher |date=December 10, 2018 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181211202448/https://variety.com/2018/tv/awards/2018-critics-choice-awards-tv-nominations-list-1203085450/ |archive-date=December 11, 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=December 11, 2018 }}</ref> |- | 2019 | [[71st Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards|Primetime Emmy Award]] | [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program|Outstanding Animated Program]] | For "[[Come Along with Me (Adventure Time)|Come Along with Me]]" | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.emmys.com/awards/nominees-winners/2019/outstanding-animated-program |title=71st Emmy Awards Nominees and Winners {{!}} Outstanding Short Form Animated Program {{en dash}} 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190831185339/https://www.emmys.com/awards/nominees-winners/2019/outstanding-animated-program |archive-date=August 31, 2019 |date=August 2019 |publisher=[[Academy of Television Arts & Sciences]] |access-date=August 31, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- |} === Comics === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" | |- ! Year ! Award ! Category ! Nominee ! Result ! class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- | rowspan="3" | 2013 | [[Eisner Award]] | Best Publication for Kids | ''Adventure Time'' comic | {{won}} | <ref>{{cite news|last=Cockrell |first=Garon |title=Boom! Studios wins Eisner Award for 'Best Publication: 'Adventure Time' |url=http://www.pratttribune.com/article/20130729/BLOGS/307299958 |newspaper=[[The Pratt Tribune]] |date=July 29, 2013 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304183500/http://www.pratttribune.com/article/20130729/blogs/307299958 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | [[Harvey Award]] | Best Original Graphic Publication for Younger Readers | ''Adventure Time'' comic | {{won}} | <ref name=harveyawards2013>{{cite news|last=Cavna |first=Michael |title=Comics of the Year: From Saga to ''Adventure Time'', Who Pulled Off the Eisner/Harvey Award Sweep? |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/comic-riffs/post/comics-of-the-year-from-saga-to-adventure-time-who-pulled-off-the-eisnerharvey-award-sweep/2013/09/09/4bc3e938-195d-11e3-a628-7e6dde8f889d_blog.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307044524/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/comic-riffs/post/comics-of-the-year-from-saga-to-adventure-time-who-pulled-off-the-eisnerharvey-award-sweep/2013/09/09/4bc3e938-195d-11e3-a628-7e6dde8f889d_blog.html|archive-date=March 7, 2016}}</ref> |- | Special Award for Humor in Comics | [[Ryan North]] | {{won}} | <ref name=harveyawards2013/> |- | 2014 | Eisner Award | Best Lettering | Britt Wilson | {{nom}} | <ref>{{cite web|title=2014 Eisner Awards Nominations|url=http://www.comic-con.org/awards/will-eisner-comic-industry-award-nominees-2014|publisher=[[San Diego Comic-Con]]|date=2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001124440/http://www.comic-con.org/awards/will-eisner-comic-industry-award-nominees-2014|archive-date=October 1, 2014}}</ref> |} ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==Other websites== * {{IMDb title|1305826|Adventure Time}} * [http://adventuretime.tv/ Animation Blog] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110505071745/http://www.adventuretime.tv/ |date=2011-05-05 }} * [http://frederatorblogs.com/adventure_time/ Production blog] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110225211410/http://frederatorblogs.com/adventure_time/ |date=2011-02-25 }} * [http://www.cartoonnetwork.com/tv_shows/adventuretime/index.html ''Adventure Time'' on Cartoon Network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525075758/http://www.cartoonnetwork.com/tv_shows/adventuretime/index.html |date=2011-05-25 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Adventure Time}} [[Category:Adventure Time|*]] [[Category:American animated television series|*]] [[Category:2009 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2018 American television series endings]] [[Category:2000s animated television series]] [[Category:2010s animated television series]] [[Category:Cartoon Network series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:Fantasy television series]] [[Category:Television series by Rough Draft Studios]] k3t9azqcu62wegooq4w1bnaqr1pelsp 0 370372 10369304 10285108 2025-07-03T09:36:18Z BlackJack 572554 cleanup done 10369304 wikitext text/x-wiki {{no sources|date=May 2025}} {{update|date=May 2025}} The '''Pakistan men's cricket team''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|پاکستان کرکٹ ٹیم}}}}), nicknamed the '''Green Shirts''' or the '''Shaheens (Eagles)''', is organised by the [[Pakistan Cricket Board]] (PCB), which is a full member of the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC). The team played its first [[Test cricket|Test match]] in 1952. Pakistan won the 1992 [[ICC Men's Cricket World Cup]] under the captaincy of [[Imran Khan]], and were runners-up in the 1999 edition. ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:National sports teams of Pakistan|Cricket]] [[Category:Test cricket teams]] [[Category:1952 establishments in Asia]] [[Category:1950s establishments in Pakistan]] [[Category:Cricket teams in Pakistan|Men]] [[Category:Men's national cricket teams]] pnjiighg0g591w65gy11kmemor5nzrj 0 372567 10368530 10166048 2025-07-03T00:07:02Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* References */ US-EN 10368530 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = | genre = [[Animation]]<br/>[[Comedy]]<br/>[[Slapstick]]<br/>[[Adventure]] | creator = [[Peter Hannan (producer)|Peter Hannan]] | director = | creative_director = Robert Porter | developer = | voices = [[Jim Cummings]]<br />[[Tom Kenny]]<br />[[Carlos Alazraqui]]<br />[[Maria Bamford]]<br />[[Nika Futterman]]<br />[[John Kassir]]<br />[[Dwight Schultz]]<br />[[Billy West]] | composer = Denis M. Hannigan | num_seasons = 4 | num_episodes = 68 | list_episodes = List of CatDog episodes | runtime = 22-26 minutes. | company = [[Peter Hannan (producer)|Peter Hannan Productions]] [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] | channel = [[Nickelodeon]] | first_aired = {{Start date|1998|4|4}} | last_aired = {{End date|2005|6|15}} }} '''''CatDog''''' is an [[United States|American]] [[animated series|animated]] [[Television program|television series]]. The first show was on April 4, 1998. The series is about an Orange cat named Cat and a Orange dog named Dog. Nickelodeon produced the series from [[Burbank, California|Burbank]], [[California]], [[United States]].<ref name="Varietyleash">"[http://www.variety.com/article/VR1116678594.html?categoryid=14&cs=1 Nick leashes 'CatDog' to 40 episodes]." ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]''.</ref> At the Kids' Choice Awards, USA, the show was nominated for a Blimp Award for Favorite Cartoon in 1999 and 2000. The Theme song is sung by [[Peter Hannan (producer)|Peter Hannan]]. == Episodes == {{Main|List of CatDog episodes}} {{:List of CatDog episodes}} == Characters == === Main === * Cat and Dog (voiced by [[Jim Cummings]] and [[Tom Kenny]] respectively) are a conjoined [[cat]] and [[dog]] sibling. Cat is an orange cat and is the most coming And very pampered. He has always found of eating fish and enjoying sausages, and has an attempt to make meat even smarter. His plan sort of fail with him getting punished at the end or being awarded. Dog is the Woof dog who loves Cat and only cares about taking care of the house and his lifestyle. He sometimes get award in the end or punished, following along with the shows first episode. They are also shown to like napping and Doing Each Other, While also eating while Cat Is Still A Purr. However, they care Sometimes have a strong bonding. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Nickshows}} [[Category:1990s American animated television series]] [[Category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:2000s American children's television series]] [[Category:1990s American children's television series]] [[Category:1998 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2005 American television series endings]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:Nickelodeon television series]] {{tv-stub}} 9q18k7cwldfvljdfrv5b7dx4vtegbzo 0 377030 10368419 10321566 2025-07-02T22:58:16Z 2A02:8084:8021:B500:EC2:CD0D:1C53:70B6 /* Honours */ 10368419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = | name = Jimmy Savile | honorific_suffix = OBE KSCG | image = Jimmy Savile 2006.jpg | imagesize = | caption = Savile in 2006 | birth_name = James Wilson Vincent Savile | birth_date = {{birth date|1926|10|31|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Leeds]], [[England]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2011|10|29|1926|10|31|df=y}} | death_place = Leeds, England | death_cause = [[Pneumonia]] | other_names = | occupation = DJ, dance hall manager, author, presenter, writer | years_active = 1940–2006 }} '''James Wilson Vincent Savile''' [[Officer of the Order of the British Empire|OBE]], [[Knight Commander of the Pontifical Equestrial Order of Saint Gregory the Great|KCSG]] (31 October 1926 {{ndash}} 29 October 2011)<ref name="Tel o"/> was a British predatory sex offender and [[paedophile]] who throughout his life gained fame and celebrity status in Britain as a [[disc jockey|DJ]] and [[television presenter]]. He was the initial host of [[Top of the Pops]] and the host of [[Jim'll Fix It]]. In 2012, a year after his death, he was accused of many counts of [[child sexual abuse]] and [[rape]], which he committed from 1963 to 2009, and which many BBC employers are thought to have had awareness of for decades and covered up, which kept his sex abuse unknown to the public. This ultimately caused a scandal at the BBC following the allegations in which Savile was posthumously exposed for his crimes, with the police ultimately concluding that he had been a predatory sex offender. He is thought to have been one of Britain's most prolific sex offenders of the 20th century. ==Early life== Savile was born in [[Leeds]] the youngest of seven children. His siblings were Mary, Marjory, Vincent, John, Joan and Cristina. His parents were Vincent Joseph Marie Savile and Agnes Monica Kelly.<ref name="BBC o"/> He died in Leeds of [[natural causes]]. He was a devout [[Roman Catholic]].<ref name="BBC o">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-15053431|title=Obituary: Sir Jimmy Savile|work=BBC News |date=29 October 2011|publisher=|accessdate=5 October 2016}}</ref> He presented ''[[Jim'll Fix It]]'' and ''[[Top of the Pops]]''.<ref name="Tel o">{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/8857428/Sir-Jimmy-Savile.html|title=Sir Jimmy Savile|publisher=|accessdate=5 October 2016|archive-date=14 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414155208/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/8857428/Sir-Jimmy-Savile.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Savile was also a [[Professional wrestling|professional wrestler]] and cyclist when he was young and during [[World War II]] he was conscripted to work as a [[Bevin Boy]] in the [[coal mining|coal mines]]. ==Career== Savile started being a DJ at [[Radio Luxembourg]] in 1958. He stopped working for them in 1967. In 1968 he joined [[BBC Radio 1]]. On New Year's Day 1964 he presented the first edition of the BBC music chart television programme [[Top of the Pops]]. In 1971 he was made an Officer of the [[Order of the British Empire]]. ==Honours== Savile was also an honorary life member of the [[British Gypsy Council]] and the first non-[[Romani|gypsy]] to be an honorary life member. In 1990, he was made a [[Knight Bachelor]] for his charity work. ===Death=== On the night of 29 October 2011, Savile was found dead in his home at the age of 84, just 2 days before his 85th birthday. Police said there were no suspicious circumstances to his death. A year later his crimes were revealed by victims. He had been in hospital with [[pneumonia]], and his death was not suspicious. Due to his sex abuse remaining unknown to the public at the time of his death, many tributes were paid to him, a large funeral took place for him and he was initially praised in obituaries written in the immediate aftermath of his death. ===Characteristics=== Savile had expensive tastes. He was known to own several cars including [[Bentley]], [[Rolls-Royce]] and [[Mercedes-Benz]], and smoked expensive [[Cuba]]n [[cigars]]. He was a heavy smoker. Savile was close friends with [[Edward Heath]]. Most of his sexual abuse was against young girls.<ref>Greer, Chris, and Eugene McLaughlin. "The Sir Jimmy Savile scandal: Child sexual abuse and institutional denial at the BBC." Crime, media, culture 9.3 (2013): 243-263.</ref> ==Sex offences and crimes== In 1963, a boy told police that Savile had raped him.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21756150|title=The missed chances to get Jimmy Savile|first=Dominic|last=Casciani|work=BBC News |date=12 March 2013|publisher=|accessdate=5 October 2016}}</ref> Since he died in 2011, 589 people have made complaints about Savile to the police. 31 said that they were raped by Savile. 16 said they were under 16 when Savile raped them. Police called Savile "Britain's worst [[paedophile]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/pervert-jimmy-savile-manipulated-bbc-2680344|title=Pervert Jimmy Savile manipulated BBC security staff so they would allow girls into his dressing room|first=Andy|last=Lines|website=[[Daily Mirror]] |date=6 November 2013|publisher=|accessdate=5 October 2016}}</ref> In March 2013 Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary reported that 214 of the complaints that had been made against Savile after his death would have been criminal offences.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hmic.gov.uk/media/review-into-allegations-and-intelligence-material-concerning-jimmy-savile.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-02-10 |archive-date=2023-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118060355/https://www.hmic.gov.uk/media/review-into-allegations-and-intelligence-material-concerning-jimmy-savile.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> It was also revealed that Savile also committed some child sex offences in his silver [[Rolls-Royce Corniche]]. On 3 October 2012, a television programme called ''Exposure: The Other Side of Jimmy Savile'' was shown on [[ITV]]. In it several women said that Savile sexually abused them when they were [[teenager]]s. ''Exposure Update: The Jimmy Savile Investigation'', was shown on ITV on 21 November 2012. An investigation codenamed [[Operation Yewtree]] was launched and several arrests were made. People arrested included [[Gary Glitter]], [[Rolf Harris]], [[Dave Lee Travis]], [[William Roache]], [[Wilfred De'ath]], [[Max Clifford]], [[Stuart Hall (presenter)|Stuart Hall]], and [[Paul Gambaccini]]. Savile was the subject of an episode of [[Louis Theroux]]'s When Louis Met! where Theroux asked him if he is a paedophile in 2001 and Savile laughed off the question and told him that those were just claims. In June 2014, MP [[Jeremy Hunt]] apologised to Savile's victims after it was revealed that Savile had also [[Necrophilia|abused dead bodies]] while at Broadmoor [[Psychiatric hospital|Psychiatric Hospital]] and he was a regular visitor and [[stalking|stalker]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-06-26/jimmy-savile-said-to-have-sexually-abused-dead-bodies/5553742|title=BBC star Savile 'committed sex acts on dead bodies'|website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |date=26 June 2014|publisher=|accessdate=5 October 2016}}</ref> == References == <references/> == Other websites == *{{imdb|0767675}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Savile, Jimmy}} [[Category:1926 births]] [[Category:2011 deaths]] [[Category:BBC radio presenters]] [[Category:BBC television presenters]] [[Category:British cyclists]] [[Category:British DJs]] [[Category:British rapists]] [[Category:British sex offenders]] [[Category:Child sexual abusers]] [[Category:English professional wrestlers]] [[Category:English Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Members of the Order of the British Empire]] [[Category:People from Leeds]] [[Category:Television personalities from Yorkshire]] 0l7euxbj0alo8upqftk404l0u6ijrth 0 382041 10368552 9589151 2025-07-03T00:16:37Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ US-EN 10368552 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = TaleSpin logo.png | caption = | alt_name = ''Disney's TaleSpin'' | runtime = 22 minutes | creator = [[Jymn Magon]]<br>[[Mark Zaslove]] | voices = [[Ed Gilbert]]<br>[[R. J. Williams]]<br>[[Sally Struthers]]<br>[[Janna Michaels]]<br>[[Pat Fraley]]<br>[[Jim Cummings]]<br>[[Tony Jay]] | country = [[United States]] | language = [[English language|English]] | network = [[Disney Channel]]/[[Syndicated|Syndication]] | first_aired = {{start date|1990|05|05}} | last_aired = {{end date|1991|08|08}} | num_seasons = 1 | num_episodes = 65 | list_episodes = | related = }} '''''TaleSpin''''' is an [[United States|American]] [[animation|animated]] [[television programme|television show]]. It is based on characters from Disney's [[The Jungle Book]] movie. Instead of being wild animals from the jungle, the characters in TaleSpin wear clothes, live in a town, and have jobs. The series was originally shown from May 5, 1990 to August 8, 1991. It had a total of 65 [[episode]]s. ==Main Characters== *Baloo *Kit Cloudkicker *Rebecca Cunningham *Molly Cunningham *Wildcat (mechanic) *King Louie *Shere Khan *Don Karnage and his pirates *Colonel Spigot ==Home video releases== ===VHS=== ====Video Chile: ADV Garantía Original Video==== Eleven VHS cassettes containing 21 episodes of the series were released in [[Argentina|Argentinina]]/[[Chile]]. {| class="wikitable" |- ! VHS Name !! Episode Titles !! Release Date |- | TaleSpin (Volume 1): Baloo Skies || style="text-align:center;"|"Stormy Weather"<br>"For a Fuel Dollars More" || April 17, 1992 |- | TaleSpin (Volume 2): Dare-Devil Bears || style="text-align:center;"|"Mommy for a Day"<br>"The Idol Rich" || April 17, 1992 |- | TaleSpin (Volume 3): Fearless Flyers || style="text-align:center;"|"From Here to Machinery"<br>"The Balooest of the Bluebloods" || September 12, 1992 |- | TaleSpin (Volume 4): Hot Shot Heroes || style="text-align:center;"|"Jumping the Guns"<br>"Mach One for the Gipper" || September 12, 1992 |- | TaleSpin (Volume 5): Imagine That || style="text-align:center;"|"Flight of the Snow Duck"<br>"Flight School Confidental" || September 12, 1992 |- | TaleSpin (Volume 6): Treasure Trap || style="text-align:center;"|"Polly Wants to a Treasure"<br>"The Bigger They Are, the Louder They Oink" || April 2, 1993 |- | TaleSpin (Volume 7): True Baloo || style="text-align:center;"|"The Time Bandit"<br>"Louie's Last Stand" || April 2, 1993 |- | TaleSpin (Volume 8): Jackpots & Crackpots || style="text-align:center;"|"Her Chance to Dream"<br>"A Touch of Glass" || September 18, 1993 |- | TaleSpin (Volume 9): That's Showbiz! || style="text-align:center;"|"I Only Have Ice for You"<br>"It Came from Beneath the Sea Duck" || September 18, 1993 |- | TaleSpin (Volume 10): Wise Up! || style="text-align:center;"|"Molly Coddled"<br>"The Sound and the Furry" || September 18, 1993 |- | TaleSpin (Volume 11): Search of the Lost City || style="text-align:center;"|"For Whom the Bell Klangs" (Parts 1&2) || September 18, 1993 |} ===DVD=== ====Video Chile: ADV Garantía Original Video==== The sets from [[Germany]] and the [[United Kingdom]] have also been released in [[Argentina|Argentinina]]/[[Chile]]. The First Collection came out on September 15, 2012. The Second Collection was released on April 12, 2013. The Third Collection was released on September 14, 2013. {| class="wikitable" |- ! DVD Name !! Ep# !! Release Date |- | TaleSpin First Collection (Volumes 1-3) || 1-27 || September 15, 2012 |- | TaleSpin Second Collection (Volumes 4-6) || 28-54 || April 12, 2013 |- | TaleSpin Third Collection || 55-65 || September 14, 2013 |} == Other websites == * {{IMDb title|id=0098924|title=TaleSpin}} * {{bcdb |Walt_Disney_Studios/Television/TaleSpin/ |TaleSpin}} * {{tv.com show|talespin|TaleSpin}} * [http://www.animationsource.org/talespin/en/info_general/&id_film=9 TaleSpin Source] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121171115/http://www.animationsource.org/talespin/en/info_general/%26id_film%3D9 |date=2013-01-21 }}, Information about ''TaleSpin'', including a section with answers from the creators of the series. [[Category:1990 American television series debuts]] [[Category:1991 American television series endings]] [[Category:Television series by Buena Vista Television]] [[Category:Television series by Disney]] [[Category:American animated television series]] [[Category:First run syndicated television programs]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] mdsf1znz54vlon4e9jbsrparlsgiham 0 382063 10368604 10360511 2025-07-03T00:48:10Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 Typo: duplication 10368604 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = | caption = | genre = {{Plainlist| * [[Adventure (genre)|Adventure]] * [[Children's television series|Children's]] * [[Comedy]] }} | creator = Mark S. Bernthal | writer = {{Plainlist| * Sam Graham * Chris Hubbell * Tedd Anasti * Patsy Cameron * Lesa Kite * Roger Reitzel * Peter K. Hirsch * David Weimers * Scott Gray }} | director = {{Plainlist| * Chris Bartleman * Joe Horne * Kenny Thompkins * Blair Peters * Mircea Mantta }} | voices = {{Plainlist| * [[Pamela Segall]] * [[Jim Cummings]] * [[Jason Marsden]] * [[Elizabeth Daily]] * [[Stephen Furst]] * [[Rob Paulsen]] * [[Dee Bradley Baker]] * [[Michael McKean]] * [[Cree Summer]] * [[David L. Lander]] * [[Tress MacNeille]] * [[Frank Welker]] * Tyler Mullen * [[Kath Soucie]] * [[April Winchell]] * [[Adam Wylie]] }} | theme_music_composer = [[Lou Rawls]] | opentheme = "[[The Bare Necessities]]" | endtheme = "The Bare Necessities" (instrumental) | composer = [[Stephen James Taylor]] | country = United States | language = English | num_seasons = 2 | num_episodes = 21 (34 segments) | list_episodes = #Episodes | executive_producer = {{Plainlist| * Tedd Anasti * Patsy Cameron }} | producer = {{Plainlist| * Chris Bartleman * Kenny Thompkins * Blair Peters * Mircea Mantta }} | editor = {{Plainlist| * Peter Lonsdale * Robert S. Birchard * Carol Lewis * John Royer }} | runtime = 22 minutes | company = {{Plainlist| * [[Walt Disney Television Animation]] * [[Animation studios owned by The Walt Disney Company#Disney Animation Australia|Walt Disney Animation (Australia) Pty. Limited]] (Season 1) * Sun-Min Co., Ltd. (Season 1) * [[Toon City Animation|Toon City]] (Season 1) *[[Film Roman]] * [[Wang Film Productions]] * [[Studio B Productions]] ([[WildBrain Ltd.|Wildbrain]]) (Season 2) }} | channel = [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] | first_aired = {{Start date|1996|10|5}} | last_aired = {{End date|1998|1|10}} }} '''''The Fox and The Hound: The Series''''' is an [[animation|animated]] [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]] [[television programme|television series]]. It is based on ''[[The Fox and The Hound]]'' as it is focused on the youth of Tod and copper before the events of ''[[The Fox and The Hound 2]]''. The series was first shown from October 5, 2003 to January 10, 2006 before it's reruns to the ''[[Disney Channel]]''. The show was broadcast on ''[[Fox Family Channel]]'', but was taken off the schedule in 2004. Reruns aired on ''[[Disney Junior]]'' from 2012 to 2013. The series also aired on ''[[Toon Disney]]'' and in the United Kingdom. ==Main Characters== * '''[[Baloo]]''' (voiced by [[Pamela Adlon]]): A friendly and free-spirited [[sloth bear]]. * '''[[Bagheera]]''' (voiced by [[Elizabeth Daily]] in Season 1, [[Dee Bradley Baker]] in Season 2): He is a sensible [[Black panther|panther]]. Bagheera is known as "Baggy" or "Bags". He is the youngest in the group. * '''[[King Louie|Louie]]''' (voiced by [[Jason Marsden]] in Season 1, [[Cree Summer]] in Season 2): Baloo's best friend, an [[orangutan]]. * '''[[Shere Khan]]''' (voiced by [[Jason Marsden]]): A proud, arrogant Bengal [[tiger]]. He is often called "Khannie" by Baloo and Louie. * '''[[Kaa]]''' (voiced by [[Jim Cummings]]): A young [[Pythonidae|python]] who wants to hypnotize other animals, but his skills at hypnosis are not very good. * '''[[Hathi]]''': An [[elephant]] who tyies to keep the group in order. He is often called "Little Peanut" by Baloo. * '''Cecil''' and '''Arthur''' (voiced by [[Michael McKean]] and [[David Lander]]) - Two [[vulture]]s who are always hoping for one of the cubs to die so that they can eat them. They are never seen as a real threat. * '''Mahra''' (voiced by [[Tress MacNeille]]) - A [[baboon]] that lives in the wasteland. She and her sons have often antagonized the Jungle Cubs when they enter the wasteland. ** '''Ned''' (voiced by [[Charlie Adler]]) - One of Mahra's sons. ** '''Jed''' (voiced by [[Jim Cummings]]) - One of Mahra's sons. ** '''Fred''' (voiced by [[Jim Cummings]]) - One of Mahra's sons. ==International home video releases== ===Episodes=== ====Hobo Collection (United Arab Emirates)==== Special episodes were aired as two part episodes, and were also added to video cassette. {| class="wikitable" |- ! VHS Name !! Episode Titles !! VHS release dates |- | The Jungle Book's Jungle Cubs (Volume 1): Born to be Wild || style="text-align:center;"|"A Night in the Wasteland: Tod wants to spend the night at a nearby wasteland far beneath the fair, but is unaware it belongs to two scaling thieves, called the red dogs. || October 3, 2003 |- | The Jungle Book's Jungle Cubs (Volume 2): Once Upon a Vine || style="text-align:center;"|Copper meet his match: copper encounters a bloodhound and begins spending time with her, causing jealousy to Todd.<br>Treasure in the middle log: Todd and copper tried to find treasure they believe is in the middle of widow tweeds home.<br> || rowspan="2" | May 22, 1998<br>Rereleased: September 13, 2003 |- | The Jungle Book's Jungle Cubs (Volume 3): Monkey Business || style="text-align:center;"|Bloodhound just gotta have fun: copper encourages the band that can have fun by having a cricket contest, but that causes trouble to the crickets. |} Monkey business: some monkeys escape from a circus train and befriend Todd, who is nervous being around animals he doesn’t know. The great granny rose: granny roses, jealous, and wants to perform a magic trick of her own after discovering that bigger staff can brave everything in the forest. == Other websites == * {{bcdb |Walt_Disney_Studios/Television/Disney_s_Jungle_Cubs/ |Disney's Jungle Cubs }} * {{imdb title|id=0124949|title=Jungle Cubs}} [[Category:1996 television series debuts]] [[Category:Television series by Disney]] [[Category:Animated television series]] [[Category:1998 television series endings]] cyw3j03sj1xojr28fhr6eyhuotev9yt 0 383314 10369291 10358896 2025-07-03T09:29:57Z BlackJack 572554 Added {{[[Template:copyedit|copyedit]]}} and {{[[Template:update|update]]}} tags to article ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{copyedit|date=July 2025}} {{update|date=July 2025}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}} {{Infobox Test team |team_name=South Africa |colour=green |test status year=1889 |first test match=v {{flagicon|ENG}} [[England cricket team|England]] at Port Elizabeth, March 1889 |current captain= [[Faf du Plessis]]([[Test cricket|Test]]) <br/> [[Faf du Plessis]] ([[One Day International|ODI]]) <br/> [[Quinton de Kock]] ([[Twenty20]]) |image=South African Cricket team 2008.jpg |image_size=300px |image_caption=The South African team at [[The Oval]] in August 2008. |current official rank=3rd (Test)<br/> 5th (ODI)<br/> 4th (T20) |number of tests=435 |test matches this year=5 |current coach= [[Mark Boucher]] |win/loss record=164/147<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283877.html |title=Records &#124; Test matches &#124; Team records &#124; Results summary|publisher=Stats.espncricinfo.com |accessdate=11 January 2014}}</ref> |most recent test match=vs [[India]] in [[Durban]] |win/loss record this year=0/5<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=1;id=2013;team=3;type=year |title=Records &#124; 2013 - South Africa &#124; Records by calendar year|publisher=Stats.espncricinfo.com |accessdate=11 January 2014}}</ref> |asofdate=15 December 2019 }} The '''South African national cricket team''', nicknamed the '''Proteas''', represent South Africa in international cricket. They are administered by [[Cricket South Africa]]. South Africa is a full member of the [[International Cricket Council]], also known as ICC, with [[Test cricket|Test]] and [[One Day International]], or ODI, status. As of 24 March 2014, the South African team has played 384 Test matches, winning 140 (36%), losing 129 (34%) and drawing 114 (30%) of its games.<ref>Cricinfo Test [http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283877.html Team Records page] retrieved on 24 March 2014</ref> As of 24 March 2014, the South African team has played 498 ODI Matches, winning 307 (61.5%), losing 172 (34.5%), drawing 6 (1.2%) and getting a "No Result" in 13 (2.6%) of its games.<ref>Cricinfo ODI [http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283878.html] retrieved on 24 March 2014</ref> On 28 August 2012 South Africa became the first team to be number 1 in all 3 formats of the game. ==References== {{reflist}} {{National sports teams of South Africa}} [[Category:Test cricket teams]] [[Category:1889 establishments]] [[Category:19th-century establishments in South Africa]] [[Category:Cricket teams in South Africa|Men]] [[Category:National sports teams of South Africa]] [[Category:Men's national cricket teams]] {{sport-stub}} k1sjh30k9n89oa3mke7eu2nq67q3y3w 0 383315 10369295 10358191 2025-07-03T09:30:28Z BlackJack 572554 Added {{[[Template:copyedit|copyedit]]}} and {{[[Template:update|update]]}} tags to article ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{copyedit|date=July 2025}} {{update|date=July 2025}} The '''Scotland national cricket team''' is Scotland's team in the game of [[cricket]]. They compete in the ''Clydesdale Bank 40'' as the '''Scottish Saltires'''. The Scottish Saltires play their home matches at The Grange, [[Edinburgh]]. They were invited as member of the [[International Cricket Council]] in 1994.<ref name="ScoCA">[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Countries/24.html Scotland] at [[Cricket Archive]]</ref> The team were unable to qualify for the World Cup in 2003.<ref name="WC03">[http://uk.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC2003/ 2003 Cricket World Cup] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071116123734/http://uk.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC2003/ |date=2007-11-16 }} at Cricinfo</ref> In 2004 the Scotland cricket team played in the first "ICC Intercontinental Cup". They played against [[Ireland]] and the [[Netherlands]] to progress to the semi-finals in Sharjah. They won against [[Kenya]] in the semi-finals, and then won the Cup by beating [[Canada]] in the final.<ref name="ICCup04">[http://uk.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2004/OTHERS/ICC-CONT/ 2004 ICC Intercontinental Cup] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821180708/http://uk.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2004/OTHERS/ICC-CONT/ |date=2008-08-21 }} at Cricinfo</ref> They also competed in that tournament in 2005, but failed to get past the first round.<ref name="ICCup05">[http://uk.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2005/OTHERS/ICC-CONT/ 2005 ICC Intercontinental Cup] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081026030725/http://uk.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2005/OTHERS/ICC-CONT/ |date=2008-10-26 }} at Cricinfo</ref> Scotland played their first One Day International matches outside of World Cups against [[Pakistan]] in June 2006, with the European Championship matches against Ireland and the Netherlands during August.<ref name="ODI">[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Records/Scotland/Odis/Odi_List.html List of Scotland's ODIs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080830092207/http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Records/Scotland/Odis/Odi_List.html |date=2008-08-30 }} at Cricket Archive</ref> [[Gordon Drummond]] has captained the side since 2010,<ref name="Ref_">[http://www.espncricinfo.com/scotland/content/story/463959.html, Cricinfo, Accessed 30 November 2010]</ref> and their coach is Peter Steindl from [[Australia]].<ref name="Ref_a">[http://www.cricketeurope4.net/DATABASE/ARTICLES/articles/000051/005105.shtml Tennant fills the gap for now] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202105354/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/DATABASE/ARTICLES/articles/000051/005105.shtml |date=2014-02-02 }} by Jon Coates, 11 July 2007 at CricketEurope</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Cricket in Scotland]] [[Category:Sports teams in the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Sports organisations of Scotland]] [[Category:Men's national cricket teams]] {{sport-stub}} hjk8zdt011v2zxs93e1g83zp0lf1260 0 388161 10368876 10323912 2025-07-03T03:40:08Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368876 wikitext text/x-wiki {{no sources}} {{Infobox body process |name = Pulse |image = Hand-book of physiology (1892) (14742233966).jpg |caption = Diagram of the rise and lower of blood from a pulse. |organisms = [[Animalia]]* |biological system = [[Circulatory system]] |health = |action = Involuntary |stimuli = |method = Heart pumps blood using [[Reciprocating pump|reciprocating method]] causing inconstant blood flow throughout the circulatory system that can be recognized. (See [[Cardiac cycle]]) |outcome = |frequency = 60–100 per minute (humans) |duration = 0.6–1 second (humans) |footnote = Animalia with the exception of [[Porifera]], [[Cnidaria]], [[Ctenophora]], [[Platyhelminthes]], [[Bryozoan]], [[Amphioxus]]. }} A '''pulse''' (or '''heartbeat''') is a throbbing of [[blood vessel]]s as [[blood]] goes through them. You can feel someone's pulse in their [[wrist]], [[thumb]] or [[neck]], where vessels are closer to the [[skin]]. A normal pulse is below 100 beats per minute. Our pulse quickens when we [[Physical exercise|exercise]] because the muscles being used need more [[oxygen]]. Unusually fast or slow or irregular pulse might mean sickness. There are normally four heart sounds. Two of them, S1 and S2, can be heard with a [[stethoscope]]. Two other sounds, S3 and S4, can not be heard, but they can be seen using a machine called a [[phonocardiograph]]. [[File:Pulse sites-en.svg|thumb|Pulse sites]] [[Pulse (legume)|Pulses]] is a term for [[pea]]s, [[bean]]s and [[lentil]]s. ==Other websites== {{Commons category|Pulse}} * [http://www.tapheartrate.com/ Measure Pulse Online] ''Tap along with your pulse'' {{Cardiovascular system symptoms and signs}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Cardiovascular system]] ckypxawufkk3x5ytadbrm0gfecax4xh 10368877 10368876 2025-07-03T03:41:03Z Auntof6 22027 add hatnote 10368877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{no sources}} {{Infobox body process |name = Pulse |image = Hand-book of physiology (1892) (14742233966).jpg |caption = Diagram of the rise and lower of blood from a pulse. |organisms = [[Animalia]]* |biological system = [[Circulatory system]] |health = |action = Involuntary |stimuli = |method = Heart pumps blood using [[Reciprocating pump|reciprocating method]] causing inconstant blood flow throughout the circulatory system that can be recognized. (See [[Cardiac cycle]]) |outcome = |frequency = 60–100 per minute (humans) |duration = 0.6–1 second (humans) |footnote = Animalia with the exception of [[Porifera]], [[Cnidaria]], [[Ctenophora]], [[Platyhelminthes]], [[Bryozoan]], [[Amphioxus]]. }} {{distinguish|Pulse (legume)}} A '''pulse''' (or '''heartbeat''') is a throbbing of [[blood vessel]]s as [[blood]] goes through them. You can feel someone's pulse in their [[wrist]], [[thumb]] or [[neck]], where vessels are closer to the [[skin]]. A normal pulse is below 100 beats per minute. Our pulse quickens when we [[Physical exercise|exercise]] because the muscles being used need more [[oxygen]]. Unusually fast or slow or irregular pulse might mean sickness. There are normally four heart sounds. Two of them, S1 and S2, can be heard with a [[stethoscope]]. Two other sounds, S3 and S4, can not be heard, but they can be seen using a machine called a [[phonocardiograph]]. [[File:Pulse sites-en.svg|thumb|Pulse sites]] ==Other websites== {{Commons category|Pulse}} * [http://www.tapheartrate.com/ Measure Pulse Online] ''Tap along with your pulse'' {{Cardiovascular system symptoms and signs}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Cardiovascular system]] emrb0ef0fpekpdglbxpo0b5ubg25fvl 0 388177 10369059 9097514 2025-07-03T06:30:21Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10369059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} {{Infobox newspaper | name = The Asahi Shimbun | logo = [[File:The Asahi Shimbun logo.svg|240px]] | image = [[File:Asahi-Shimbun-First-Issue-Front-Page-January 25-1879.png|260px|border]] | caption = First issue on 25 January 1879 | type = [[Daily newspaper]]<br>''Company type: [[Privately held company|Private]]'' | format = [[Broadsheet]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asahi.com/shimbun/honsya/j/number.html|title=数字で見る朝日新聞|publisher=Asahi|access-date=31 March 2011}}</ref> | foundation = 25 January 1879 | founder = {{ill|Murayama Ryōhei|ja|村山龍平}}<br>{{ill|Ueno Riichi|ja|上野理一}} | owners = [[Share repurchase|Repurchased shares]] (25%)<br>Murayama family (21.02%; 10% through the KOSETSU Museum of Art)<br>Ueno family (total 14.22% by Shōichi Ueno's death in 2016)<br>[[TV Asahi]] (11.88%)<br>[[Toppan]] (7.31%)<br>[[Asahi Broadcasting Corporation|Asahi Broadcasting Group Holdcorp]] (2.31%) | political = [[Centre-left]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-30241569 |title=Japan paper Yomiuri Shimbun retracts 'sex slaves' references |quote=In August the left-of-centre Asahi newspaper retracted a series of articles it had published about the comfort women issue based on the testimony of a Japanese author Seiji Yoshida. |date=28 November 2014|access-date=21 February 2020|publisher=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2014/09/20/gotcha |title=The press in Japan - Gotcha |quote=The Asahi Shimbun, Japan's leading left-of-centre newspaper, with a circulation of 7.3m, is battling for its reputation after a third embarrassing ...|date=20 September 2014|access-date=21 February 2020|newspaper=[[The Economist]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/30/japan-pm-overturn-pacifist-defence-policy-shinzo-abe |title=Japan PM to overturn pacifist defence policy |quote=The left-of-centre Asahi Shimbun accused Abe of abandoning Japan's postwar pacifism after minimal public debate.|date=30 June 2014|access-date=21 February 2020|work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>Saul J. Takahashi (2019). [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZxaGDwAAQBAJ&dq=Asahi+Shimbun+left-of-centre+newspaper&pg=PT39 Civil and Political Rights in Japan: A Tribute to Sir Nigel Rodley]. "''... affiliated with the left of centre newspaper Asahi Shimbun, has been a particular target.''"</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/a5e17c4a-3a41-11e4-8ee4-00144feabdc0 |title=Japan's Asahi newspaper sacks editor over Fukushima report errors |date=12 September 2014|access-date=13 July 2020 |publisher=[[Financial Times]]}}</ref><br />[[Liberalism]]<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Asahi-shimbun|title=Asahi Shimbun|quote=The paper is known for its liberal and progressive views.|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica|Britannica]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/05/27/the-silencing-of-japans-free-press-shinzo-abe-media/|title=The Silencing of Japan's Free Press|quote=That announcement capped a difficult year-and-a-half for independent media that saw the largest liberal newspaper, the Asahi Shimbun, subdued and other critical commentators removed from the airwaves.|last=Fackler|first=Martin|date=2016-05-27|magazine=[[Foreign Policy]]|language=en|access-date=2020-03-05}}</ref> | circulation = {{Unbulleted list|{{decrease}} 5,160,355 (2020)<ref name="2020circulation">{{cite web |url=https://adv.asahi.com/adv/other/ad_info/media_kit/DataFile2021.pdf |script-title=ja:朝日新聞媒体資料 Data File 2021 |trans-title=Asahi Shimbun Media Resources Data File 2021 |publisher=The Asahi Shimbun |page=7 |language=Japanese |date=4 January 2021 |access-date=11 March 2021 |archive-date=23 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523075501/https://adv.asahi.com/adv/other/ad_info/media_kit/DataFile2021.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>|{{decrease}} 5,954,336 (2018)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://adv.asahi.com/adv/english/pdf/strength_of_the_asahi_shimbun/Strength_of_The_Asahi_Shimbun_201812.pdf |title=Strength of The Asahi Shimbun 2018 |publisher=The Asahi Shimbun |access-date=11 March 2021 |archive-date=28 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728163524/https://adv.asahi.com/adv/english/pdf/strength_of_the_asahi_shimbun/Strength_of_The_Asahi_Shimbun_201812.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>|{{decrease}} 6,572,195 (2016)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://biz-journal.jp/2016/10/post_17001.html|title=朝日新聞、4年間で発行部数105万減の衝撃…新聞業界、存亡の危機突入へ|publisher=biz-journal|access-date=2021-07-28|archive-date=2016-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161212135524/http://biz-journal.jp/2016/10/post_17001.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>|7,960,000 (2010)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://adv.yomiuri.co.jp/yomiuri/busu/busu01a.html |title=全国紙の朝・夕刊別販売部数(単位：部) |publisher=Yomiuri |access-date=31 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717154502/http://adv.yomiuri.co.jp/yomiuri/busu/busu01a.html |archive-date=17 July 2011 |df=dmy }}</ref>}} | headquarters = [[Nakanoshima]], [[Kita-ku, Osaka]], Japan | publishing_country = Japan | website = {{URL|www.asahi.com}} (Japanese)<br />{{URL|http://www.asahi.com/ajw}} (English) }} [[File:Flag of the Asahi Shinbun Company.svg|thumb|right|Flag of the Asahi Shimbun Company]] '''''Asahi Shinbun''''' (''Morning Sun [[Newspaper]]'') is a major newspaper in Japan. It is based in [[Osaka]]. It started in 1879. It is [[left-wing]]. It publishes a daily [[English Language|English]]-language edition online. ==Note== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *[http://www.asahi.com/english/ English ''Asahi Shinbun''] {{Japan-stub}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Companies of Japan]] [[Category:English-language newspapers published in Asia]] [[Category:1879 establishments]] [[Category:Organizations based in Osaka]] [[Category:1870s establishments in Japan]] qmmv7pecbx0q3w4ohhzxwmt8ev1tev3 0 392716 10369034 9779003 2025-07-03T05:50:16Z Julipero 1604351 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 10369034 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wolf 359''' is a [[red dwarf]] in the constellation [[Leo (constellation)|Leo]] first measured in 1919 by [[Max Wolf]]. About 7.8 [[light year]]s from the [[Earth]], it has an [[apparent magnitude]] of 13.5 and can only be seen with a large [[telescope]]. Wolf 359 is one of the [[List of nearest stars|nearest stars]] to the [[Solar System]]. Only the [[Alpha Centauri]] system (including [[Proxima Centauri]]), [[Barnard's Star]], and [[WISE 1049-5319]] are closer. It is mentioned in several works of fiction. Wolf 359 is one of the faintest and lowest-mass stars known. At the light-emitting layer called the [[photosphere]], it has a temperature of about 2,800&nbsp;[[Kelvin|K]], which is low enough for [[chemical compound]]s to form and survive. The [[absorption line]]s of compounds such as water and [[titanium(II) oxide]] are in the [[spectrum]].<ref> Rojas-Ayala, Bárbara ''et al'' 2012. Metallicity and temperature indicators in M dwarf K-band spectra: testing new and updated calibrations with observations of 133 solar neighborhood M dwarfs. ''Astrophysical Journal'' '''748''' (2): 93. [http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/748/2/93/]</ref><ref name="apj596_1"> McLean, Ian S. ''et al'' 2003. The NIRSPEC brown dwarf spectroscopic survey. I. low-resolution near-infrared spectra. ''Astrophysical Journal'' '''596''' (1): 561–586. [http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/596/1/561/]</ref> The surface has a [[magnetic field]] which is stronger than the average magnetic field on the [[Sun]]. As a result of magnetic activity caused by [[convection]], Wolf 359 is a [[flare star]] that has sudden increases in [[luminosity]] for several minutes. These flares give off strong bursts of [[X-ray]] and [[gamma ray]] radiation. Wolf 359 is a relatively young star with an age of less than a billion years. No companions or disks of debris have been detected in orbit around it. == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Red dwarfs]] oihsm3w2u7vx2i68tabvcgggmhbom0r 10 398374 10368641 10366802 2025-07-03T01:33:16Z Cyberbot I 224035 Updating Admin Stats ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10368641 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Adminstats/Core |edits=250817 |ed=257359 |created=1 |deleted=12366 |revdel=107 |eventdel=3 |restored=398 |blocked=1599 |protected=272 |unprotected=77 |rights=538 |reblock=91 |unblock=46 |modify=29 |filter=19 |merge=0 |massmessage=0 |rename=128 |import=23076 |style={{{style|}}}}} m43j3guh4aqhvwe315yq647x6x8n1yt 0 400225 10367645 10364391 2025-07-02T13:01:36Z 2001:4451:12F:E600:AC42:9A72:D17C:206C 10367645 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} {{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}} {{about||the 2017 movie adaptation|Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory|the book|Charlie and the Chocolate Factory}} {{Infobox movie | name = Charlie and the Chocolate Factory | image = Catcf-logo.png | alt = | caption = | director = [[Tim Burton]] | producer = {{Plainlist| * [[Brad Grey]] * [[Richard D. Zanuck]] }} | screenplay = John August | based_on = {{Based on|''[[Charlie and the Chocolate Factory]]''|[[Roald Dahl]]}} | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Freddie Highmore]] * [[Johnny Depp]] * [[David Kelly (actor)|David Kelly]] * [[Helena Bonham Carter]] * [[Noah Taylor]] * [[Missi Pyle]] * [[James Fox]] * [[Deep Roy]] * [[Christopher Lee]] }} | music = [[Danny Elfman]] | cinematography = Philippe Rousselot | editing = Chris Lebenzon | production_companies = {{Plainlist| * [[Village Roadshow Pictures]] * [[The Zanuck Company]] * [[Plan B Entertainment]] * Theobald Film Productions }} | distributor = [[Warner Bros. Pictures]] | released = {{Film date|2005|07|10|[[Grauman's Chinese Theatre]]|2005|07|15|United States|2005|07|29|United Kingdom}} | runtime = 115 minutes<!--Theatrical runtime: 114:42--><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/charlie-and-the-chocolate-factory-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc00mtexmja|title=''Charlie and the Chocolate Factory''|work=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|access-date=November 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117183454/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/charlie-and-the-chocolate-factory-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc00mtexmja|archive-date=November 17, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> | country = {{Plainlist| * United States * United Kingdom<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lumiere.obs.coe.int/web/film_info/?id=23720|title=''Charlie and the Chocolate Factory''|work=European Audiovisual Observatory|access-date=November 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001193659/http://lumiere.obs.coe.int/web/film_info/?id=23720|archive-date=October 1, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> * Australia<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8a8a671f|title=''Charlie and the Chocolate Factory'' (2005)|work=[[British Film Institute]]|access-date=November 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005142058/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8a8a671f|archive-date=October 5, 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> }} | language = English | budget = $150 million<ref name="truth">{{cite magazine|last=Nashawaty|first=Chris|url= https://archive.org/details/20050708-entertainment-weekly|title=The Truth About {{'}}''Charlie''{{'}}|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|publisher=Dotdash Meredith|date=July 8, 2005|access-date=September 11, 2022|via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> | gross = $475.8 million<!--leave this number truncated--><ref name="numbers">{{Cite web |title=Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005) - Financial Information |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Charlie-and-the-Chocolate-Factory-(2005) |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=The Numbers}}</ref><ref name="mojo">{{cite Box Office Mojo|title=Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005)|id=0367594|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112175358/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0367594/|archive-date=November 12, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> }} '''''Charlie and the Chocolate Factory''''' is a 2005 [[movie adaptation]] of the 1964 [[Charlie and the Chocolate Factory|book of the same name]] by [[Roald Dahl]] and a [[remake]] of the 1971 movie ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]''. The movie was directed by [[Tim Burton]]. The movie stars [[Freddie Highmore]] as Charlie Bucket, [[David Kelly]] as Grandpa Joe, and [[Johnny Depp]] as Willy Wonka. The storyline concerns Charlie, who takes a tour he has won, led by Wonka, through the most magnificent chocolate factory in the world. Depp said he refused to watch [[Gene Wilder]]'s take of the character so that Depp could create his own version. Depp said his version of Wonka was inspired by [[Fred Rogers]] and [[Bob Keeshan]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101204113925/http://movies.ign.com/articles/633/633236p1.html Interview: Johnny Depp]</ref> ==Cast== * [[Johnny Depp]] as [[Willy Wonka]] * [[Freddie Highmore]] as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Charlie Bucket|Charlie Bucket]] * [[David Kelly (actor)|David Kelly]] as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Grandpa Joe|Grandpa Joe]] * [[Helena Bonham Carter]] as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Others|Mrs. Bucket]] * [[Noah Taylor]] as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Others|Mr. Bucket]] * [[Deep Roy]] as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Oompa-Loompas|Oompa-Loompa]]s * [[Missi Pyle]] as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Others|Mrs. Beauregarde]] * [[James Fox]] as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Others|Mr. Salt]] * [[Christopher Lee]] as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Others|Dr. Wilbur Wonka]] * [[Adam Godley]] as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Others|Mr. Teavee]] * [[Franziska Troegner]] as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Others|Mrs. Gloop]] * [[AnnaSophia Robb]] as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Violet Beauregarde|Violet Beauregarde]] * [[Julia Winter]] as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Veruca Salt|Veruca Salt]] * [[Meet the Robinsons|Jordan Fry]] as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Mike Teavee|Mike Teavee]] * [[Philip Wiegratz]] as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Augustus Gloop|Augustus Gloop]] * [[Blair Dunlop]] as Young Willy Wonka * [[Liz Smith (actress)|Liz Smith]] as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Others|Grandma Georgina]] * [[Eileen Essell]] as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Others|Grandma Josephine]] * [[David Morris]] as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Others|Grandpa George]] * [[Geoffrey Holder]] as the Narrator ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{Official website|1=https://www.warnerbros.com/movies/charlie-and-chocolate-factory}} * {{IMDb title|0367594|Charlie and the Chocolate Factory}} * {{TCMDb title|547050|Charlie and the Chocolate Factory}} * {{Mojo title|charliechocolate|Charlie and the Chocolate Factory}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes|charlie_and_the_chocolate_factory|Charlie and the Chocolate Factory}} * {{Metacritic film|title=Charlie and the Chocolate Factory}} {{movie-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (movie)}} [[Category:2005 movies]] [[Category:American fantasy movies]] [[Category:American adventure movies]] [[Category:American comedy movies]] [[Category:Movies based on books]] [[Category:Movies directed by Tim Burton]] [[Category:Movies composed by Danny Elfman]] [[Category:English-language movies]] [[Category:2005 adventure movies]] [[Category:Warner Bros. movies]] [[Category:Movies about children]] [[Category:Movies about families]] [[Category:Movies about scientists]] [[Category:Movies about technology]] [[Category:Movies about industrial espionage]] [[Category:Movies set in factories]] [[Category:Movies set in New York (state)]] [[Category:Movies set in Atlanta]] [[Category:Movies set in Denver]] [[Category:Movies set in England]] [[Category:Movies set in Germany]] [[Category:Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (franchise)]] rroz03f0dm5qcvoyltjaoq3q3gk9t7q 0 401633 10369310 10358888 2025-07-03T09:38:22Z BlackJack 572554 Added {{[[Template:copyedit|copyedit]]}}, {{[[Template:no sources|no sources]]}} and {{[[Template:update|update]]}} tags (within {{[[Template:multiple issues|multiple issues]]}}) to article ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369310 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiple issues| {{copyedit|date=July 2025}} {{no sources|date=July 2025}} {{update|date=July 2025}} }} The '''[[New Zealand]] [[Cricket]] team''' played their first test match against [[England]] in [[1930]]. As of October [[2021]], they are ranked first in the world by the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC). ==Other websites== *[http://www.blackcaps.co.nz/ Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717095646/http://www.blackcaps.co.nz/ |date=2017-07-17 }} {{National sports teams of New Zealand}} {{sport-stub}} [[Category:Cricket teams in New Zealand]] [[Category:National sports teams of New Zealand]] [[Category:1930 establishments in Oceania]] [[Category:1930s establishments in New Zealand]] [[Category:Test cricket teams]] [[Category:Men's national cricket teams]] 251rvwct9hpzvp0q43f2rxpr52syqhf 0 401640 10367798 10325028 2025-07-02T15:29:42Z BlackJack 572554 Added {{[[Template:disputed|disputed]]}} tag to article ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{disputed|date=July 2025}} '''[[Marylebone]] [[Cricket]] Club''' was founded in 1787 by Thomas Lord. It was one of the most important cricket clubs in the world for much of the history of cricket. ==See== *[http://www.lords.org/mcc/ MCC website] {{sports-stub}} [[Category:1780s establishments in England]] [[Category:Sports organisations of England]] [[Category:First-class cricket teams in England and Wales]] 3x312zdretzr0arnjzhl8jslpujaqt3 0 402774 10368253 9937693 2025-07-02T20:57:47Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C MOS:TVNATIONALITY cleanup separated 10368253 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} {{Distinguish|The Garfield Movie}} '''''The Garfield Show''''' is an animated [[children's television series]]. It started in France on [[France 3]] on December 22, 2008. English-language episodes started in the [[United Kingdom]] on [[Boomerang (TV channel)|Bommerang]] on May 5, 2009. The show started airing in the [[United States]] on [[Cartoon Network]] on November 2, 2009. It is based on the [[comic strip]] ''[[Garfield]]''. It is the second ''Garfield'' television series, after ''[[Garfield and Friends]]''. == Voice cast == * Frank Welker - Garfield, Eddie * Gregg Berger - Odie, Herman * Wally Wingert - Jon, Al, Bruno, Hercules * Julie Payne - Liz * Jason Marsden - Nermal, Vito * [[Audrey Wasilewski]] - Arlene, Newswoman, Millie, Nathan's mom * Gregg Berger - Squeak * Stan Freberg - Dr. Whipple * David Lander - Doc Boy * Laura Summer - Drusilla, Minerva * Laraine Newman - Aunt Ivy, Mermaid 3, Abigail, Winona * Susan Silo - Neferkitty, Metalla * [[Tress MacNeille]] - Mrs. Brubaker * [[June Foray]] - Mrs. Cauldron, Council * Melissa Disney, Grey DeLisle - Nathan * Misty Lee - Angie, Scheherazade * Corey Burton - Ratzo * Phil LaMarr - Armstrong * Fred Tatasciore - Dirk, Biff * Neil Ross - Brandon Scoop, Tyler Edge * Candi Milo - Celeste, Chester, Mary, Squirrel 2 * Mark Hamill - Master Control * Jack Riley - Anthony Allwork * Grey DeLisle - Jack Allwork, Sandra, Miss Kitty '''Additional Voices''': * April Winchell - Mrs. Gourmand * Jewel Sheperd - Officer Reed * Rose Marie - Varicella * Frank Ferrente - Lyman * Bill Farmer - McCuckoo * Marvin Kaplan - Hiram <nowiki>''</nowiki>Hi<nowiki>''</nowiki> Pressure * Chuck McCann - Mayor Graffton * Bob Bergen - Health Inspector * Maurice LaMarche - Samuel Underberger * Hank Garrett * Brooks Gardner * Diane Michelle - Walla * Scott Whyte * Frank Buxton * Joe Alaskey ==Other websites== *[http://www.thegarfieldshow.com/ Official website] *{{IMDb title|1470837}} {{tv-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Garfield Show}} [[Category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:2000s French animated television series]] [[Category:Cartoon Network series]] [[Category:2008 French television series debuts]] [[Category:2009 American television series debuts]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:French animated television series]] [[Category:French-language television programs]] [[Category:Garfield|Show]] 05736mlyy4zwgreacz0ri1dt4yvnhja 0 403137 10369008 10324883 2025-07-03T05:45:24Z 2600:1012:B206:2CA2:8DE1:6563:F1D4:5BEE 10369008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Richard Ramirez | height = 6 ft 2 in | image = Richard Ramirez 2007.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = Richard Ramirez | birth_date = February 29, 1960 | birth_place = [[El Paso]], [[Texas]], [[United States]] | death_date = June 7, 2013 (aged 53) | death_place = [[Greenbrae]], [[California]], United States | death_cause = [[Lymphoma]], [[liver failure]] | alias = Richard Ramirez | website = }} '''Ricardo Leyva Muñoz Ramirez''', known as '''Richard Ramirez''' or '''The Night Stalker''' (February 29, 1960 &ndash; June 7, 2013) was a [[Latin Americans|Latin American]] [[serial killer]], and [[burglar]] who died while awaiting [[execution]] on [[California]]'s [[death row]].<ref>{{cite web |title=INSIDE DEATH ROW |url= http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/11/20/INGFUFHCFL56.DTL&hw=richard%20ramirez |work=San Francisco Chronicle |publisher=Hearst Communications Inc. |accessdate= 22 May 2012 |author=Peter Fimrite |date=20 November 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=RICHARD RAMIREZ |url=http://www.lostvault.com/penpals/detail.asp?iType=20&iAd=13697 |work=LostVault.com Penpals |publisher=Vault Systems |accessdate=22 May 2012 |archive-date=13 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713232802/http://www.lostvault.com/penpals/detail.asp?iType=20&iAd=13697 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He killed 13 people, tried to kill 5 people, and [[burglary|burglarized]] 14 buildings. It is thought that there are most likely more kills undiscovered. He was captured on August 31, 1985, after a photo of him was released to the press. He was standing by a corner store when he was spotted by multiple locals, chased and beat until police arrived at the scene. ==Early life== Ramirez was born on February 29, 1960 in [[El Paso, Texas|El Paso]], [[Texas]]. He was raised in [[Los Angeles]], [[California]]. He had a harsh upbringing, experiencing multiple tragedies, among other things. ==Personal life== In 1996, Ramirez married Doreen Lioy when he was in prison. ==Death== Ramirez died of [[lymphoma]] at Marin General Hospital in [[Greenbrae, California|Greenbrae]], [[California]] on the morning of June 7, 2013.<ref>{{cite web |last=Deutsch |first=Linda |author2=Don Thompson |url= http://bigstory.ap.org/article/calif-serial-killer-richard-ramirez-dies |title=Calif. serial killer Richard Ramirez dies | work=The Big Story | agency=The Associated Press |date=7 July 2013 |accessdate=2013-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Lloyd |first=Jonathan |url=http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/Night-Stalker-Richard-Ramirez-Dies-210587921.html |title="Night Stalker" Richard Ramirez Dies | work=4 NBC Southern California |date=7 June 2013 |accessdate=2013-06-07}}</ref> He was 53 years old. At the time of his death, Ramirez had been on death row for more than 23 years, awaiting execution by the state of California. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/ramirez/terror_1.html Crime Library: The Night Stalker] * [http://www.thehistorychannel.co.uk/site/features/richard_ramirez:_the_night_stalker.php History Channel: Richard Ramirez, the Night Stalker] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609230409/http://www.thehistorychannel.co.uk/site/features/richard_ramirez:_the_night_stalker.php |date=2009-06-09 }} * [http://www.lostvault.com/penpals/detail.asp?iType=20&iAd=13697 Richard Ramirez' Pen Pal Ad on LostVault] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713232802/http://www.lostvault.com/penpals/detail.asp?iType=20&iAd=13697 |date=2011-07-13 }} * {{IMDb title|id=0097825|title=Manhunt: Search for the Night Stalker}}, a 1989 TV movie * [http://crime.about.com/od/serial/p/nightstaker.htm About.com Entry on Richard Ramirez, the Night Stalker] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520225006/http://crime.about.com/od/serial/p/nightstaker.htm |date=2013-05-20 }} * [http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/ramirez/trial_9.html TruTv entry on Ramirez] {{US-bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ramirez, Richard}} [[Category:1960 births]] [[Category:2013 deaths]] [[Category:American burglars]] [[Category:American prisoners sentenced to death]] [[Category:American rapists]] [[Category:American serial killers]] [[Category:Criminals from California]] [[Category:Criminals from Texas]] [[Category:People from Los Angeles]] [[Category:People from El Paso, Texas]] bruh7gzoeif279gzr3gyd17ac0mgm3t 10369283 10369008 2025-07-03T09:23:16Z Henri Aja 1041406 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/2600:1012:B206:2CA2:8DE1:6563:F1D4:5BEE|2600:1012:B206:2CA2:8DE1:6563:F1D4:5BEE]] ([[User talk:2600:1012:B206:2CA2:8DE1:6563:F1D4:5BEE|talk]]). ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Richard Ramirez | image = Richard Ramirez 2007.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = Richard Ramirez | birth_date = February 29, 1960 | birth_place = [[El Paso]], [[Texas]], [[United States]] | death_date = June 7, 2013 (aged 53) | death_place = [[Greenbrae]], [[California]], United States | death_cause = [[Lymphoma]], [[liver failure]] | alias = Richard Ramirez | website = }} '''Ricardo Leyva Muñoz Ramirez''', known as '''Richard Ramirez''' or '''The Night Stalker''' (February 29, 1960 &ndash; June 7, 2013) was a [[Latin Americans|Latin American]] [[serial killer]], and [[burglar]] who died while awaiting [[execution]] on [[California]]'s [[death row]].<ref>{{cite web |title=INSIDE DEATH ROW |url= http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/11/20/INGFUFHCFL56.DTL&hw=richard%20ramirez |work=San Francisco Chronicle |publisher=Hearst Communications Inc. |accessdate= 22 May 2012 |author=Peter Fimrite |date=20 November 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=RICHARD RAMIREZ |url=http://www.lostvault.com/penpals/detail.asp?iType=20&iAd=13697 |work=LostVault.com Penpals |publisher=Vault Systems |accessdate=22 May 2012 |archive-date=13 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713232802/http://www.lostvault.com/penpals/detail.asp?iType=20&iAd=13697 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He killed 13 people, tried to kill 5 people, and [[burglary|burglarized]] 14 buildings. It is thought that there are most likely more kills undiscovered. He was captured on August 31, 1985, after a photo of him was released to the press. He was standing by a corner store when he was spotted by multiple locals, chased and beat until police arrived at the scene. ==Early life== Ramirez was born on February 29, 1960 in [[El Paso, Texas|El Paso]], [[Texas]]. He was raised in [[Los Angeles]], [[California]]. He had a harsh upbringing, experiencing multiple tragedies, among other things. ==Personal life== In 1996, Ramirez married Doreen Lioy when he was in prison. ==Death== Ramirez died of [[lymphoma]] at Marin General Hospital in [[Greenbrae, California|Greenbrae]], [[California]] on the morning of June 7, 2013.<ref>{{cite web |last=Deutsch |first=Linda |author2=Don Thompson |url= http://bigstory.ap.org/article/calif-serial-killer-richard-ramirez-dies |title=Calif. serial killer Richard Ramirez dies | work=The Big Story | agency=The Associated Press |date=7 July 2013 |accessdate=2013-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Lloyd |first=Jonathan |url=http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/Night-Stalker-Richard-Ramirez-Dies-210587921.html |title="Night Stalker" Richard Ramirez Dies | work=4 NBC Southern California |date=7 June 2013 |accessdate=2013-06-07}}</ref> He was 53 years old. At the time of his death, Ramirez had been on death row for more than 23 years, awaiting execution by the state of California. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/ramirez/terror_1.html Crime Library: The Night Stalker] * [http://www.thehistorychannel.co.uk/site/features/richard_ramirez:_the_night_stalker.php History Channel: Richard Ramirez, the Night Stalker] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609230409/http://www.thehistorychannel.co.uk/site/features/richard_ramirez:_the_night_stalker.php |date=2009-06-09 }} * [http://www.lostvault.com/penpals/detail.asp?iType=20&iAd=13697 Richard Ramirez' Pen Pal Ad on LostVault] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713232802/http://www.lostvault.com/penpals/detail.asp?iType=20&iAd=13697 |date=2011-07-13 }} * {{IMDb title|id=0097825|title=Manhunt: Search for the Night Stalker}}, a 1989 TV movie * [http://crime.about.com/od/serial/p/nightstaker.htm About.com Entry on Richard Ramirez, the Night Stalker] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520225006/http://crime.about.com/od/serial/p/nightstaker.htm |date=2013-05-20 }} * [http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/ramirez/trial_9.html TruTv entry on Ramirez] {{US-bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ramirez, Richard}} [[Category:1960 births]] [[Category:2013 deaths]] [[Category:American burglars]] [[Category:American prisoners sentenced to death]] [[Category:American rapists]] [[Category:American serial killers]] [[Category:Criminals from California]] [[Category:Criminals from Texas]] [[Category:People from Los Angeles]] [[Category:People from El Paso, Texas]] jy6zjv9xi37jr24oq11spprzi3eltol 0 403160 10369022 10316196 2025-07-03T05:47:55Z Julipero 1604351 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 10369022 wikitext text/x-wiki {{complex|date=January 2025}} {{copyedit|date=January 2025}} {{Infobox deity | type = Greek | image = Affreschi_romani_-_pompei_-_nozze_zefiro_e_clori_particolare.JPG | caption = Zephyrus on an antique fresco in [[Pompeii]] | god_of = God of the West Wind, Spring, Fertility, Procreation, Hope, Rebirth, Luck, Flowers, Bees and honey | Roman_equivalent = Favonius | name = Zephyrus | abode = [[Sky]] | animals = Horse, swan | script_name = Greek | script = {{lang|grc|Ζέφυρος}} | consort = [[Iris (mythology)|Iris]] ''or''<br>[[Flora (mythology)|Flora]] | children = [[Pothos (mythology)|Pothos]], [[Balius and Xanthus]], [[Karpos|Carpus]], tigers | parents = [[Astraeus]] and [[Eos]] | siblings = [[Anemoi|Winds]] ([[Boreas (god)|Boreas]], [[Eurus]], and [[Notus]]), [[Eosphorus]], the Stars, [[Memnon (mythology)|Memnon]], [[Emathion]], [[Astraea (mythology)|Astraea]] }} In [[Greek mythology]] and [[Ancient Greek religion|religion]], '''Zephyrus''', also spelled in English as '''Zephyr''', is the god and personification of the [[west wind]], spring, [[fertility]], procreation, hope, rebirth, luck, flowers, bees and honey. He is one of the wind gods known as the Anemoi, the [[Anemoi]]. The son of [[Eos]], the goddess of the dawn, and [[Astraeus]], Zephyrus is the most gentle and favourable of the winds, and is also associated with flowers, bees, honey, springtime and even procreation.<ref name=":brill" /> In myths, he is presented as the tender breeze, and he is known for his unrequited love for the [[Sparta]]n prince [[Hyacinth (mythology)|Hyacinthus]]. Although he along with [[Boreas (god)|Boreas]] are the two most prominent wind gods, their role in mythology is relatively limited.{{sfn|Kerenyi|1951|page=[https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.7346/page/n231/mode/2up?view=theater 205]}} Zephyrus, similarly to his brothers, also received a minor cult during ancient times, although his worship was fairly minor compared to others and he was overshadowed by the more important gods such as the [[Twelve Olympians]]. Nevertheless, traces of it are found in [[Classical Athens]] and surrounding regions and city-states, where it was usually joint with the cults of the other wind gods. His equivalent in [[Roman mythology]] and religion is the god '''Favonius'''. == Etymology == The ancient Greek noun {{lang|grc|ζέφυρος}} is the word for the wind that blows from the west.{{sfn|Liddell|Scott|1940|loc=s.v. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=*ze/furos Ζέφυρος]}} His name is attested in [[Mycenaean Greek]] as ze-pu₂-ro ([[Linear B]]: {{lang|gmy|{{script|Linb|𐀽𐁆𐀫}}}}),<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Казанскене | first1 = В. П. | last2 = Казанский | first2 = Н. Н | entry = ze-pu₂-ro | title = Предметно-понятийный словарь греческого языка. Крито-микенский период | url = https://www.academia.edu/40648657 | location = Leningrad (Saint Petersburg), Russia | publisher = Nauka | year = 1986 | page = 64 |language = Russian}}</ref> which points to a possible Proto-Hellenic form ''*Dzépʰuros''.{{sfn|Davis|Laffineur|2020|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=AeiyEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA12 12]}} Further attestation of the god and his worship as part of the Anemoi is found in the word-forms {{lang|gmy|{{script|Linb|𐀀𐀚𐀗𐀂𐀋𐀩𐀊}}}}, {{Lang|gmy-latn|a-ne-mo-i-je-re-ja}}, {{lang|gmy|{{script|Linb|𐀀𐀚𐀗𐄀𐀂𐀋𐀩𐀊}}}}, {{Lang|gmy-latn|a-ne-mo i-je-re-ja}}, that is, "priestess of the winds", found on the [[Knossos|KN]] Fp 1 and KN Fp 13 tablets.<ref name=":0">{{cite web | url = http://minoan.deaditerranean.com/resources/linear-b-sign-groups/a/a-ne-mo/ | title = a-ne-mo | last = Raymoure | first = K. A. | work = Linear B Transliterations | publisher = Deaditerranean. Dead Languages of the Mediterranean | access-date = 2014-03-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190212181702/http://minoan.deaditerranean.com/resources/linear-b-sign-groups/a/a-ne-mo/ | archive-date = 2019-02-12 | url-status = dead}}{{cite web | url = https://www2.hf.uio.no/damos/Index/item/chosen_item_id/1 | title = KN Fp 1 + 31}}{{cite web | url = https://www2.hf.uio.no/damos/Index/item/chosen_item_id/13 | title = KN 13 Fp(1) (138)}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web | url = http://www.hf.uio.no/ifikk/english/research/projects/damos/ | title = DĀMOS: Database of Mycenaean at Oslo - Department of Philosophy, Classics, History of Art and Ideas}}</ref> Traditionally, 'Zephyros' has been linked to the word {{lang|grc|ζόφος}} (zóphos) meaning "darkness" or "west". Both in turn have been connected to the [[Proto-Indo-European]] root ''*(h₃)yebʰ-'', meaning "to enter, to penetrate" (from which {{lang|grc|οἴφω}} (oíphō), meaning 'to have sex', also derives).{{sfn|Rix|2001|page=[https://archive.org/details/lexikon-der-indogermanischen-verben/page/309/mode/1up?view=theater 309]}} It has been noted however that a development ''*Hi̯-'' → ''ζ-'' is unlikely, and most evidence in fact points to the contrary.{{sfn|Beekes|2009|page=[https://archive.org/details/etymological-dictionary-of-greek/page/n540/mode/1up?view=theater 499]}} It could also be of pre-Greek origin, though [[Robert S. P. Beekes|Beekes]] is not sure either way.{{sfn|Beekes|2009|page=[https://archive.org/details/etymological-dictionary-of-greek/page/n540/mode/1up?view=theater 499]}} Due to his role as the west wind, his name and various derivatives of it were used to mean 'western',{{sfn|Beekes|2009|page=[https://archive.org/details/etymological-dictionary-of-greek/page/n540/mode/1up?view=theater 499]}} like for example the Greek colony of [[Locri Epizephyrii]] in southern [[Italy]], west of [[Greece]]. == Family == [[File:Zephyr_and_Flora,_c.1720,_by_Antonio_Corradini,_V&A.JPG|thumb|left|''Zephyr and Flora'', c. 1720, by Antonio Corradini, [[Victoria and Albert Museum]].]] === Parents === Zephyrus, like the rest of the wind gods, the [[Anemoi]] ([[Boreas (god)|Boreas]], [[Eurus]] and [[Notus]]) was said to be the son of [[Eos]], the goddess of dawn, and her husband and first cousin [[Astraeus]], a minor god related to the stars.<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D371 378], [[Hyginus]] [https://topostext.org/work/206#0.2 Preface]; [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]] [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.2.4&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022 1.2.3]; [[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]]'' [https://archive.org/details/dionysiaca01nonnuoft/page/216/mode/2up?view=theater 6.28]</ref> The poet [[Ovid]] dubs the four of them 'the Astraean brothers' in reference to their paternity.<ref>[[Ovid]], ''[[Metamorphoses]]'' 14.545</ref> He is thus also brother to the rest of Eos and Astraeus's children, namely the five star-gods and the justice goddess [[Astraea]]. His mortal half-brothers include [[Memnon]] and [[Emathion]], sons of his mother Eos by the Trojan prince [[Tithonus]]. The Athenian playwright [[Aeschylus]] however in his fifth-century BC play ''[[Oresteia#Agamemnon|Agamemnon]]'' writes that Zephyrus is the son of the goddess [[Gaia]] (the mother earth) instead (the father, if one exists at all, is not named).<ref>[[Aeschylus]], ''[[Oresteia#Agamemnon|Agamemnon]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0004%3Acard%3D681 690]</ref> === Consorts and offspring === [[File:Oberhausen - Gasometer - Der schöne Schein - Primavera (Botticelli) 03 ies.jpg|thumb|250px|Zephyrus with Chloris in ''[[Primavera (Botticelli)|Primavera]]'' by [[Sandro Botticelli]], ca. 1470s-1480s, oil on canvas.]] In Greek tradition, Zephyrus became the consort of [[Iris (mythology)|Iris]], the goddess of the rainbow and messenger of the gods. According to [[Nonnus]], a late-antiquity poet, together they became the parents of [[Pothos (mythology)|Pothos]],<ref>[[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]]'' [https://archive.org/details/dionysiaca03nonnuoft/page/396/mode/2up?view=theater 47.340]</ref> the god of desire, and according to [[Alcaeus of Mytilene]] (a six-century BC poet from the island of [[Lesbos]]), of [[Eros]] as well, though he is more commonly a son of [[Ares]] and [[Aphrodite]].<ref>[[Alcaeus of Mytilene]] fragment 149 [Page, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=4uhBArQUknYC&pg=PA82 82].]</ref> In the same passage, Zephyrus is described as having golden hair. By the [[Harpy]] [[Podarge]] (who is Iris's sister) he became the father of [[Balius and Xanthus]], the two fast, talking horses that were given to [[Achilles]],{{sfn|Smith|1873|loc=s.v. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DZ%3Aentry+group%3D2%3Aentry%3Dzephyrus-bio-1 Zephyrus]}}{{sfn|Grimal|1987|loc=s.v. [https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofclas00grim/page/73/mode/2up?view=theater Balius]}} when he mated with her while she was grazing on a meadow near the banks of the Ocean, implied in the form of a mare.{{sfn|Hard|2004|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA58 58]}} [[Quintus Smyrnaeus]] also says that by a Harpy he had [[Arion (horse)|Arion]], the talking horse.<ref>[[Quintus Smyrnaeus]], ''[[Posthomerica|Fall of Troy]]'' [https://archive.org/details/falloftroy00quin/page/208/mode/2up?view=theater 4.569]</ref> Like with the case of Eros, Arion's more common parentage is different, in this case the Olympians [[Demeter]] and [[Poseidon]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | title = Areion | date = 2006 | access-date = May 28, 2023 | url = https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/areion-e133590 | last = Graf | first = Fritz | location = Columbus, Ohio | translator = Christine F. Salazar | doi= 10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e133590 | publisher = Brill Reference Online | encyclopedia = [[Brill's New Pauly]] | editor-first1 = Hubert | editor-last1 = Cancik | editor-first2 = Helmuth | editor-last2 = Schneider}}</ref> In some sources Zephyrus has a son named [[Karpos|Carpus]] ("fruit") by a nymph [[Horae|Hora]], who drowned in the [[Büyük Menderes River|Maeander]] river when the wind drove a wave right into his face, driving his lover [[Kalamos|Calamus]] into despair, who went on to take his life.<ref>[[Servius (grammarian)|Servius]] ''On Eclogues'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2007.01.0091%3Apoem%3D5%3Acommline%3D48 5.48]; [[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]]'' [https://archive.org/details/dionysiaca01nonnuoft/page/384/mode/2up?view=theater 11.385-481]</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia | translator = Christine F. Salazar | url = https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/carpus-e609540?s | date = 2006 | access-date = April 14, 2023 | first1 = Alexandra | last1 = Frey | location = Hamburg | first2 = Menso | last2 = Folkerts | publisher = Brill Reference Online | encyclopedia= [[Brill's New Pauly]] | title = Carpus | doi = 10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e609540 | editor-first1 = Hubert | editor-last1 = Cancik | editor-first2 = Helmuth | editor-last2 = Schneider}}</ref>{{sfn|Forbes Irving|1990|pages=278-2789}} According to [[Pseudo-Oppian]], he also became the genitor of tigers by an unnamed consort.<ref>[[Pseudo-Oppian|Oppian]], ''Cynegetica'' [https://archive.org/details/oppiancolluthust00oppiuoft/page/34/mode/2up?view=theater 1.320], [https://archive.org/details/oppiancolluthust00oppiuoft/page/142/mode/2up?view=theater 3.350]</ref> == Mythology == === West Wind === [[File:The relief panels on the frieze of the Tower of the Winds. The wind god Zephyrus.jpg|thumb|left|Zephyrus relief from the [[Tower of the Winds]], [[Athens]].|upright=1.15]] Zephyrus, along with his brother Boreas, is one of the most prominent of the Anemoi; they are frequently mentioned together by poets, and along with a third brother, [[Notus]] (the south wind) they were seen as the three useful and favourable winds (the east wind, Eurus, seen as bad omen).<ref name=":brill" /> They are the three wind gods mentioned by [[Hesiod]], as ancient Greeks avoided talking about Eurus.{{sfn|Kerenyi|1951|page=[https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.7346/page/n231/mode/2up?view=theater 205]}} Zephyrus and Boreas were thought to dwell together in a palace in [[Thrace]].{{sfn|Smith|1873|loc=s.v. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DZ%3Aentry+group%3D2%3Aentry%3Dzephyrus-bio-1 Zephyrus]}} In the ''[[Odyssey]]'' however, they all seem to dwell on the island of [[Aeolia (mythical island)|Aeolia]], as [[Zeus]] has tasked [[Aeolus (son of Hippotes)|Aeolus]] with the job of the keeper of the winds.{{sfn|Myrsiades|2019|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Z2bcDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT104 104]}} Aeolus receives [[Odysseus]] and his wretched crew, and hosts them for a month gracefully.<ref>[[Homer]], ''[[Odyssey]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0136%3Abook%3D10%3Acard%3D1 1-45]</ref> As they part, Aeolus gives Odysseus a bag containing all the winds, except for Zephyrus himself, who is let free to blow Odysseus's ship gently back to [[Homer's Ithaca|Ithaca]]; Odysseus's crewmates however foolishly open the bag, thinking it to contain some treasure, and set free all the other winds as well, blowing the ships back to Aeolia.{{sfn|Myrsiades|2019|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Z2bcDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT104 104]}} Many years later, right after Odysseus left [[Calypso (mythology)|Calypso]], the sea-god [[Poseidon]] in rage unleashed all four of them to cause a storm and raise great waves in order to drown Odysseus in the sea.{{sfn|Hard|2004|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA100 100]}} [[File:Rutxhiel_Zéphyr_et_Psyché.jpg|thumb|''Zéphyr rapting Psyché'', 1814 by [[Henri-Joseph Ruxthiel]].|240px]] In the ''[[Iliad]]'', Zephyrus is visited by his wife Iris in his home as he dines with his wind brothers to summon him, along with Boreas, so that they blow on [[Patroclus]]'s funeral pyre following his death, as Achilles prayed for their help when the pyre failed to kindle.<ref>[[Homer]], the ''[[Iliad]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134%3Abook%3D23%3Acard%3D192 23.192-225]</ref>{{sfn|Hard|2004|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA48 48]}} In the ''[[Dionysiaca]]'', all four live together with their father Astraeus; Zephyrus plays sweet notes with an [[aulos]] for Demeter when she pays them a visit.<ref>[[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]]'' [https://archive.org/details/dionysiaca01nonnuoft/page/216/mode/2up?view=theater 6.28]</ref> In the myth of [[Cupid and Psyche|Eros and Psyche]], Zephyrus serves [[Eros]], the god of love, by transporting his bride-to-be, the mortal princess [[Psyche (mythology)|Psyche]] with his soft breeze from the cliff she had been left in on an oracle's suggestion to Eros's palace.{{sfn|Kenney|1990|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=bFNK7qX7l9QC&pg=PA49 49]}} Later, he also helps rather reluctantly Psyche's two sisters transport the same way to the palace as well, when Psyche wishes to see them again.{{sfn|Kenney|1990|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=bFNK7qX7l9QC&pg=PA57 57]}} After Eros abandons her due to her betrayal, both sisters take advantage of the situation and each independently goes to the cliff (having both been lied to by Psyche that Eros wished to maker her his new wife), calling for Eros to make them his bride, and Zephyrus to take them to the palace. But this time Zephyrus does not act when they jump, and thus they both fall to their deaths, torn limb to limb and made food for the birds of prey and wild beasts below.{{sfn|Kenney|1990|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=bFNK7qX7l9QC&pg=PA81 81-83]}} Zephyrus seems to have had a connection to swans; in [[Philostratus the Elder]]'s works, he joins them twice in their song, once while they are carrying the [[Erotes]] and another when the young [[Phaethon]] is killed driving his father [[Helios]]'s fiery chariot.{{sfn|Roman|Roman|2010|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=tOgWfjNIxoMC&pg=PT533 521]}}{{sfn|Ferrari|2008|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=oXbG_4TRs8QC&pg=PA58 58]}} This apparently symbolizes the belief that swans took to singing when the mild west wind blew.<ref>{{cite book | title = Poetica | volume = 3-6 | publisher = Sanseido International | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4TlJAAAAYAAJ | page = 51 | date = 1975}}</ref> === Other myths === [[File:Hyacinthus and Zephyrus 3.jpg|thumb|Zephyr and Hyacinth engaging in [[intercrural sex]] on a red-figure vase (5th century BCE)]] In his most notable myth, Zephyrus fell in love with a beautiful Spartan prince named [[Hyacinth (mythology)|Hyacinthus]], who nevertheless rejected him<ref>[[Lucian]], ''[[Dialogues of the Gods]]'' [http://lucianofsamosata.info/wiki/doku.php?id=home:texts_and_library:dialogues:dialogues-of-the-gods#section14 14: Apollo and Hermes]</ref> and became the lover of another god, [[Apollo]].{{sfn|Forbes Irving|1990|pages=280-281}} One day that the prince and Apollo were playing a game of discus, Zephyrus deflected the course of Apollo's discus, redirecting it right onto Hyacinthus's head, fatally wounding him. His blood then became a new flower, the hyacinth.{{efn|The flower that the ancient Greeks believed Hyacinthus turned into was not however what is today known as the hyacinth, as the ancient description does not match.<ref>{{Citation | last = Raven | first = J. E. | year = 2000 | title = Plants and Plant Lore in Ancient Greece | location = Oxford | publisher = Leopard Head Press | isbn = 978-0-904920-40-6 | pages = 26–27}}</ref> The flower most likely to have been the ancient hyacinth is the [[Delphinium|larkspur]], while other candidates include the [[Iris (plant)|iris]] and [[gladiolus italicus]].<ref>{{cite book | pages = [https://books.google.com/books?id=FlbjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA71 71—76] | title = Roots and Routes: Poetics at New College of California | first1 = Patrick James | last1 = Dunagan | first2 = Marina | last2 = Lazzara | first3 = Nicholas James | last3 = Whittington | publisher = Vernon Press | date = October 6, 2020 | location = [[Delaware]], [[United States]] | isbn = 978-1-64889-052-9 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=FlbjDwAAQBAJ}}</ref>}} In some versions, Zephyrus is supplanted by his brother Boreas as the wind-god that bore a one-sided love for the beautiful prince.{{sfn|Smith|1873|loc=s.v. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DH%3Aentry+group%3D17%3Aentry%3Dhyacinthus-bio-1 Hyacinthus]}} Zephyrus's role in this myth reflects his connection to flowers and springtime as the gentle west wind, who, in spite of his traditional gentleness, is nonetheless a harsh lover like all winds are.{{sfn|Forbes Irving|1990|pages=280-281}} Not every version of this tale features Zephyrus however, and his participation is a secondary narrative; in many of them he is absent, and Hyacinthus's death is a genuine accident on Apollo's part.{{sfn|Hard|2004|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA58 58]}}{{sfn|Forbes Irving|1990|pages=280-281}} Another time, Zephyrus became lovers with another beautiful youth named [[Cyparissus]] ("cypress").<ref>[[Servius (grammarian)|Servius]], ''On the Aeneid'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0053%3Abook%3D3%3Acommline%3D680 3.680]</ref><ref>{{cite web | author = Rosemary M. Wright | title = A Dictionary of Classical Mythology: Summary of Transformations | website = mythandreligion.upatras.gr | url = http://mythandreligion.upatras.gr/english/m-r-wright-a-dictionary-of-classical-mythology/ | access-date = January 3, 2023 | publisher = [[University of Patras]]}}</ref> The youth, wanting to preserve his beauty, fled to Mount Cassium in [[Syria]], where he was transformed into a cypress tree.{{sfn|Forbes Irving|1990|pages=260-261}}{{sfn|Hard|2004|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA571 571]}} This myth which might be of Hellenistic origin seems to have been modeled after that of Apollo and [[Daphne]].{{sfn|Hard|2004|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA571 571]}} It also, along with Zephyrus's role in Hyacinthus's story, fits the pattern–also fit by his brother Boreas–of a wind god appearing in the story of the creation of a plant.{{sfn|Forbes Irving|1990|pages=260-261}} In all other narratives however Zephyrus is absent, and the role of Cyparissus's divine partner is filled by Apollo; furthermore, Cyparissus is transformed into a cypress by Apollo at his own request after accidentally killing his own pet deer, which caused him much stress.{{sfn|Forbes Irving|1990|pages=260-261}} Zephyrus also features in some of the dialogues by the satirical author [[Lucian]] of [[Samsat|Samosata]]; in the ''Dialogues of the Sea Gods'', he appears in two dialogues with his brother Notus, the god of the south wind. In the first, they discuss the Argive princess [[Io (mythology)|Io]] and how she was loved and got turned into a heifer by Zeus in order to hide from his jealous wife [[Hera]],<ref>[[Lucian]], ''Dialogues of the Sea Gods'' [http://lucianofsamosata.info/wiki/doku.php?id=home:texts_and_library:dialogues:dialogues-of-the-sea-gods#vii 7: South Wind and West Wind I]</ref> while in the second, Zephyrus enthusiastically recounts the scene he has just witnessed of how Zeus transformed into a bull, tricked another princess, the [[Phoenicia]]n [[Europa (mythology)|Europa]], into riding him, transported her to [[Crete]] and then mated with her while Notus expresses his jealousy and complains of seeing nothing noteworthy.<ref>[[Lucian]], ''Dialogues of the Sea Gods'' [http://lucianofsamosata.info/wiki/doku.php?id=home:texts_and_library:dialogues:dialogues-of-the-sea-gods#xv 15: South Wind and West Wind II]</ref> == In ancient culture == === Iconography === [[File:Pergamon-Altar - Pferde 3.jpg|thumb|The horses on the Pergamon Altar, Berlin.]] Like all the other wind gods, Zephyrus is represented in ancient Greek art with wings,<ref>{{cite book | first = John | last = Boardman | title = The Athenian Red-Figure Vases: The Archaic Period | publisher = Thames & Hudson | location = London, UK | isbn = 9780500201435 | date = 1985 | page = 230}}</ref> due to which he is sometimes hard to distinguish from Eros, another winged youthful god, though tellingly unlike Zephyrus Eros is not depicted pursuing males.{{sfn|Gantz|1996|page=[https://archive.org/details/early-greek-myth-a-guide-timothy-gantz/page/94/mode/2up?view=theater 94]}} In ancient vases, he is most commonly pursuing the young Hyacinthus or already holding him in his arms in an erotic and sexual manner; on a red-figure vase in the [[Boston Museum of Fine Arts]], Zephyrus's erect penis thrusts into the folds of the young man's clothes as they fly together,{{sfn|Dover|1989|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=fstPVlTPBRQC&pg=PA98 98]}} while vase 95.31 from the same museum depicts intercrural sex between the two.{{sfn|Beazley|1918|page=[https://archive.org/details/atticredfigured00beazgoog/page/n114/mode/2up?view=theater 98]}} Various other vases also show scenes of Zephyrus grabbing and seizing Hyacinthus.{{sfn|Dover|1989|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=fstPVlTPBRQC&pg=PA75 75]}}{{sfn|Dover|1989|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=fstPVlTPBRQC&pg=PA93 93]}} On the [[Tower of the Winds]], a clocktower/horologion in the Roman agora of Athens, the frieze depicts Zephyrus alongside seven more of the wind gods above the sundials. Zephyrus is presented as a beardless youth carrying a cloak full of flowers.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Noble | first1 = Joseph V. | last2 = de Solla Price | first2 = Derek J. | title = The Water Clock in the Tower of the Winds | journal = [[American Journal of Archaeology]] | date = 1968 | volume = 72 | issue = 4 | pages = 345{{ndash}}355 | doi = 10.2307/503828 | jstor = 503828 | s2cid = 193112893 | url = https://www.jstor.org/stable/503828 | via = JSTOR | issn = 0002-9114}}</ref> On the [[Pergamon Altar]], which depicts the battle of the gods against the [[Giants (Greek mythology)|Giants]] (known as the Gigantomachy), Zephyrus and the other three wind gods are shown in the shape of horses who pull the chariot of the goddess Hera in the eastern frieze of the monument;<ref>''[[Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae|LIMC]]'' [http://ark.dasch.swiss/ark:/72163/080e-73ac4ebff2462-9 617 (Venti)]</ref><ref>{{cite book | first = Max | last = Kunze | title = Der grosse Marmoraltar von Pergamon | trans-title = The Large Marble Altar of Pergamon | publisher = Staatliche Museem zu Berlin | language = German | location = Berlin | date = 1988 | pages = 23–24}}</ref> the equine forms of the Anemoi are also found in [[Quintus Smyrnaeus]]'s works, where the four brothers pull Zeus's chariot instead.<ref>[[Quintus Smyrnaeus]], ''[[Posthomerica|Fall of Troy]]'' [https://archive.org/details/falloftroy00quin/page/500/mode/2up?view=theater 12.189]</ref> === Cult === Ancient cult of the wind gods is attested in several ancient Greek states.{{sfn|Farnell|1909|page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.56576/page/415/mode/2up?view=theater 416]}} According to the geographer [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], the Winds were jointly worshipped in the town of [[Titani|Titane]], in [[Sicyon]], where the local [[priest]] offered sacrifice to them,{{sfn|Farnell|1909|page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.56576/page/417/mode/2up?view=theater 417]}}<ref>[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], ''Description of Greece'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+2.12.1&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160 2.12.1]</ref> and in [[Coroneia (Boeotia)|Coronea]], a town in [[Boeotia]].<ref>[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], ''Description of Greece'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160%3Abook%3D9%3Achapter%3D34%3Asection%3D3 9.34.3]</ref> It is also known that the citizens of [[Laciadae]] in [[Attica]] had erected an [[altar]] for Zephyrus.<ref>[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], ''Description of Greece'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+1.37.2&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160 1.37.2]</ref> According to a fragment doubtfully attributed to the fifth-century BC poet [[Bacchylides]], a [[Rhodes|Rhodian]] farmer named Eudemus built a temple in honour of the west wind god, in gratitude for his help.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Silver | first1 = Isidore | date = 1945 | title = Du Bellay and Hellenic Poetry | url = https://www.jstor.org/stable/459286 | journal = [[Modern Language Association|PMLA]] | publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]] | volume = 60 | issue = 4 | jstor = 459286 | pages = 949–50 | doi = 10.2307/459286 | s2cid = 163633516 | access-date = May 25, 2023}}</ref> == Favonius == [[File:Sandro Botticelli - The Birth of Venus (detail) - WGA2772.jpg|thumb|left|Detail of Zephyrus with [[Aura (mythology)|Aura]] from [[Sandro Botticelli]]'s ''[[The Birth of Venus]]''.]] Zephyrus's Roman equivalent was called '''Favonius''' (the "favouring") who held dominion over plants and flowers, however 'Zephyrus' was also commonly used by Romans. Some later authors would also describe him as having wings in his head.{{sfn|Smith|1873|loc=s.v. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DU%3Aentry+group%3D5%3Aentry%3Dventi-bio-1 Venti]}} The Roman poet [[Horace]] writes:<ref>[[Horace]], ''Odes'' 3.7.</ref> {{Verse translation|quid fles, Asterie, quem tibi candidi primo restituent vere Favonii?|Why do you weep, Asterie, for the man whom the bright west winds will restore to you at the beginning of spring?|lang=la}} Unlike Greek authors, Roman writers held that Zephyrus/Favonius married not Iris but rather a local vegetation and fertility goddess named [[Flora (mythology)|Flora]] (identified and linked by Ovid with a minor Greek nymph named [[Chloris]] and her legend{{sfn|Grimal|1987|loc=s.v. [https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofclas00grim/page/165/mode/2up?view=theater Flora]}}) after abducting her while she tried to run away and escape him; he gave her dominion over flowers, thus making amends for his violence and abduction of her.<ref name=":brill">{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia = [[Brill's New Pauly]] | publisher = Brill Reference Online | url = https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/zephyrus-e12216400 | doi = 10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e12216400 | last = Rausch | first = Sven | location = Hamburg | title = Zephyrus | date = 2006 | editor-first1 = Hubert | editor-last1 = Cancik | editor-first2 = Helmuth | editor-last2 = Schneider | translator = Christine F. Salazar | access-date = April 13, 2023}}</ref><ref>[[Ovid]], ''[[Fasti (poem)|Fasti]]'' [https://archive.org/details/ovidsfasti00oviduoft/page/274/mode/2up?view=theater 5.195-212]</ref> Some analysts have suggested that Carpus, the son Zephyrus had by Hora/a Hora (season goddess), is supposed to have been actually mothered by Flora/Chloris instead, although this is not confirmed in any ancient text.{{sfn|Guirand|Graves|1987|page=[https://archive.org/details/newlarousseencyc00robe/page/137/mode/2up?view=theater 138]}} == Genealogy == {{chart top|Zephyrus's family tree<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hes.+Th.+132 132&ndash;138], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hes.+Th.+337 337&ndash;411], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hes.+Th.+453 453&ndash;520], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hes.+Th.+901 901&ndash;906, 915&ndash;920]; Caldwell, pp. 8&ndash;11, tables 11&ndash;14.</ref>|collapsed=no}} {{chart/start}} {{chart|}} {{chart| | | | | | | | | | | |URA |y|GAI |~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|y|PON|URA=[[Uranus (mythology)|Uranus]]|GAI=[[Gaia]]|PON=[[Pontus (mythology)|Pontus]]}} {{chart|,|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | |!}} {{chart|!|OCE |y|TET | | | |HYP |y|THE | | | | |CRI |y|EUR|OCE=[[Oceanus]]|TET=[[Tethys (mythology)|Tethys]]|HYP=[[Hyperion (Titan)|Hyperion]]|THE=[[Theia]]|CRI=[[Crius]]|EUR=[[Eurybia (mythology)|Eurybia]]}} {{chart|!| |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |,|-|-|^|v|-|-|-|.}} {{chart|!|RIV | |OCE | |HEL | |SEL | |EOS |y |AST | |PAL | |PER |RIV=<small>The&nbsp;[[Potamoi|Rivers]]</small>|OCE=<small>The&nbsp;[[Oceanids]]</small>|HEL=[[Helios]]|SEL=[[Selene]]<ref>Although usually the daughter of Hyperion and Theia, as in [[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hes.+Th.+371 371&ndash;374], in the ''[[Homeric Hymns|Homeric Hymn]] to Hermes'' (4), [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=HH+4+99&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0138 99&ndash;100], Selene is instead made the daughter of Pallas the son of Megamedes.</ref>|EOS=[[Eos]]|AST=[[Astraeus]]|PAL=[[Pallas (Titan)|Pallas]]|PER=[[Perses (Titan)|Perses]]}} {{chart|!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.}} {{chart|!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |ZEP | |ASR | |PLA |ZEP='''ZEPHYRUS''' <br><small>Anemoi</small>|ASR=[[Astraea]]<ref>Astraea is not mentioned by Hesiod, instead she is given as a daughter of Eos and Astraeus in [[Hyginus]] ''Astronomica'' [https://topostext.org/work/207#2.25.1 2.25.1].</ref>|PLA=Stars}} {{chart|!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}} {{chart|)|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |}} {{chart|!| | | | |CRO |y|RHE | | | | | | | |COE |y|PHO | | |COE=[[Coeus]]|PHO=[[Phoebe (Titaness)|Phoebe]]|CRO=[[Cronus]]|RHE=[[Rhea (mythology)|Rhea]]}} {{chart|!| |,|-|v|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|v|-|.| | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | }} {{chart|!|HES |!|HER | |HAD |!|ZEU | | | |LET | |AST | |HES=[[Hestia]]|HER=[[Hera]]|HAD=[[Hades]]|ZEU=[[Zeus]]|LET=[[Leto]]|AST=[[Asteria (Titaness)|Asteria]]}} {{chart|!| | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}} {{chart|!| | |DEM | | | | | |POS | | | | | | | | | | | | | |DEM=[[Demeter]]|POS=[[Poseidon]]}} {{chart|!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}} {{chart|`|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.}} {{chart| | | | |IAP |y|CLY | | | | | |MNE |~|y|~|ZEU |~|y|~|THE |IAP=[[Iapetus (mythology)|Iapetus]]|CLY=[[Clymene (wife of Iapetus)|Clymene]]&nbsp;(or&nbsp;[[Asia (mythology)|Asia]])<ref>According to [[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hes.+Th.+507 507&ndash;511], Clymene, one of the [[Oceanid]]s, the daughters of [[Oceanus]] and [[Tethys (mythology)|Tethys]], at [[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hes.+Th.+351 351], was the mother by Iapetus of Atlas, Menoetius, Prometheus, and Epimetheus, while according to [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022%3Atext%3DLibrary%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D2%3Asection%3D3 1.2.3], another Oceanid, Asia was their mother by Iapetus.</ref>|MNE=[[Mnemosyne]]|ZEU=(Zeus)|THE=[[Themis]]}} {{chart| |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | | |!| | | | | |!}} {{chart|ATL | |MEN | |PRO | |EPI | | | | |MUS | | | |HOR |ATL=[[Atlas (mythology)|Atlas]]<ref>According to [[Plato]], ''[[Critias (dialogue)|Critias]]'', [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg032.perseus-eng1:113d 113d&ndash;114a] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106101919/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg032.perseus-eng1:113d |date=2021-01-06 }}, Atlas was the son of [[Poseidon]] and the mortal [[Cleito]].</ref>|MEN=[[Menoetius (Greek mythology)|Menoetius]]|PRO=[[Prometheus]]<ref>In [[Aeschylus]], ''[[Prometheus Bound]]'' 18, 211, 873 (Sommerstein, pp. [http://www.loebclassics.com/view/aeschylus-prometheus_bound/2009/pb_LCL145.445.xml 444&ndash;445 n. 2], [http://www.loebclassics.com/view/aeschylus-prometheus_bound/2009/pb_LCL145.467.xml 446&ndash;447 n. 24], [http://www.loebclassics.com/view/aeschylus-prometheus_bound/2009/pb_LCL145.539.xml 538&ndash;539 n. 113]) Prometheus is made to be the son of [[Themis]].</ref>|EPI=[[Epimetheus (mythology)|Epimetheus]]|MUS=<small>The&nbsp;[[Muses]]</small>|HOR=<small>The&nbsp;[[Horae]]</small>}} {{chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} == Gallery == <gallery mode="packed-hover" class="center" heights="150" caption="Zephyrus in Art"> File:William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825-1905) - Flora And Zephyr (1875).jpg|''[[Flora and Zephyr (Bouguereau)|Flora and Zephyr]]'' by [[William-Adolphe Bouguereau]], oil on canvas. File:Hermitage hall 241 - 33 - Luigi Bienaimé - Zephyrus.jpg|Statue of Zephyrus in Hermitage Hall. File:Mosaico de Océano (48928130318).jpg|Zephyrus and Boreas surround [[Oceanus]] in a mosaic from Portugal. File:John Gibson-group of statues-Hermitage.jpg|Zephyrus, Psyche and Eros, statue by [[John Gibson (sculptor)|John Gibson]]. File:Zephyr, Greek god of the west wind.jpg|Zephyrus, 1878 engraving. File:Łazienki - Pałac Myślewicki - 05.jpg|Statue of Zephyrus in Poland. File:Antonio Balestra - Zephyrus, Flora and Cupid.jpg|Zephyrus, Flora and Cupid by Antonio Balestra. File:Boucher - Venus mit Bacchus, Ariadne und Zephir, 12168.png|Zephyrus with Venus, Ariadne and Bacchus, eighteenth century. File:Hyacinthus and Zephyrus 2.jpg|Zephyrus and Hyacinthus red-figure, 440-420 BC. File:Hyacinthus and Zephyrus.png|Hyacinthus and Zephyrus. Attic Red Figure Kylix. Attributed to Manner of [[Douris Painter]], 500-450 B.C. File:Antonio_Bonazza-Zephyrus-Upper_Gardens_of_Peterhof.jpg|Statue of Zephyrus in the gardens of Peterhof. File:Ca'_Rezzonico_-_Zefiro_e_Flora_(Inv.103)_-_Sebastiano_Ricci.jpg|''Zéphyr et Flore'' by [[Sebastiano Ricci]], oil on canvas. File:Zephyrus,_the_west_wind;_in_the_summer_brings_very_sultry_weather,_but_in_the_spring_is_pleasant,_warm,_and_favorable_to_-_Stuart_James_&_Revett_Nicholas_-_1762.jpg|Engraving of Zephyrus. File:Tiepolo,_Giovanni_Battista_-_The_Triumph_of_Zephyr_and_Flora_-_1734-35.jpg|''Zéphyr et Flore'', by [[Giambattista Tiepolo]], ca. 1730-1735 in [[Ca' Rezzonico]], [[Venice]]. </gallery> == Related pages == * [[Bacab]] * [[Dáinn, Dvalinn, Duneyrr and Duraþrór]] * [[Norðri, Suðri, Austri and Vestri]] * [[Vayu]] * [[List of wind deities]] == Footnotes == {{notelist}} == References == {{reflist}} == Bibliography == {{refbegin|30em}} * [[Aeschylus]], ''Aeschylus'', with an English translation by Herbert Weir Smyth, Ph. D. in two volumes. 2.Agamemnon. Herbert Weir Smyth, Ph. D. Cambridge, MA: [[Harvard University Press]], 1926. * [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], ''Apollodorus, The Library, with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes.'' Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=C431BA809CA4DEA22A15DA9C666F3400?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.01.0022%3atext%3dLibrary Online version at the Perseus Digital Library]. * {{cite book | title = Attic red-figured vases in American museums | first = John Davidson | last = Beazley | publisher = [[Harvard University Press]] | date = 1918 | location = London | url = https://archive.org/details/atticredfigured00beazgoog/}} * {{cite book | author-link = Robert S. P. Beekes | last = Beekes | first = Robert S. P. | title = Etymological Dictionary of Greek | location = Leiden, the Netherlands | publisher = [[Brill Publications]] | date = 2009 | volume = 1 | isbn = 978-90-04-17420-7 | series = Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series | editor = Lucien van Beek | url = https://archive.org/details/etymological-dictionary-of-greek}} * {{cite book | editor-first1 = Brent | editor-last1 = Davis | editor-first2 = Robert | editor-last2 = Laffineur | title = Neoteros: Studies in Bronze Age Aegean Art and Archaeology in Honor of Professor John G. Younger on the Occasion of his Retirement | isbn = 978-90-429-4179-3 | date = March 13, 2020 | publisher = ISD LLC | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=AeiyEAAAQBAJ}} * {{cite book | title = Greek Homosexuality | first = Kenneth James | last = Dover | publisher = [[Harvard University Press]] | location = Cambridge, Massachusetts | date = 1989 | isbn = 0-674-36270-5 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=fstPVlTPBRQC}} * {{cite book | author-link = Lewis Richard Farnell | publisher = [[Oxford University Press|Oxford]] at the [[Clarendon Press]] | date = 1909 | title = The Cults of the Greek States | volume = V | first = Lewis Richard | last = Farnell | url = https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.56576/mode/}} * {{cite book | first = Gloria | last = Ferrari | title = Alcman and the Cosmos of Sparta | date = 2008 | isbn = 978-0-226-66867-3 | publisher = [[University of Chicago Press]] | location = USA | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=oXbG_4TRs8QC}} * {{cite book | title = Metamorphosis in Greek Myths | location = Oxford, New York, Toronto | first = Paul M. C. | last = Forbes Irving | publisher = [[Oxford University Press]], [[Clarendon Press]] | date = 1990 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=URvXAAAAMAAJ | isbn = 0-19-814730-9}} * {{cite book | url = https://archive.org/details/early-greek-myth-a-guide-timothy-gantz/ | author-link = Timothy Gantz | last = Gantz | first = Timothy | year = 1996 | title = Early Greek Myth: A guide to literary and artistic sources | location = Baltimore, MD | publisher = Johns Hopkins University Press | postscript = ;}} in two volumes: (Vol.&nbsp;1) {{ISBN|978-0-8018-5360-9}}; (Vol.&nbsp;2) {{ISBN|978-0-8018-5362-3}}. * {{cite book | author-link = Pierre Grimal | last = Grimal | first = Pierre | title = The Dictionary of Classical Mythology | date = 1987 | publisher = Wiley-Blackwell | isbn = 0-631-13209-0 | url = https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofclas00grim/mode/2up?view=theater | location = New York, USA | translator = A. R. Maxwell-Hyslop}} * {{cite book | last1 = Guirand | first1 = Felix | translator1 = Richard Aldington | translator2 = Delano Ames | last2 = Graves | first2 = Robert | date = December 16, 1987 | title = New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology | publisher = Crescent Books | isbn = 0517004046 | url = https://archive.org/details/newlarousseencyc00robe/}} * {{cite book | last = Hard | first = Robin | title = The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology: Based on H.J. Rose's "Handbook of Greek Mythology" | publisher = [[Psychology Press]] | date = 2004 | isbn = 9780415186360 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC}} * [[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'', in ''The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White'', Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D1 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library]. * [[Homer]], ''The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, PhD in two volumes''. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134%3Abook%3D1%3Acard%3D1 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library]. * [[Homer]]; ''The Odyssey with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, PH.D. in two volumes''. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1919. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0136%3Abook%3D1%3Acard%3D1 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library]. * {{cite book | title = Apuleius: Cupid and Psyche | series = Cambridge Greek and Latin Classics | author-link = E. J. Kenney | first = Edward J. | last = Kenney | publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]] | date = December 8, 1990 | isbn = 0-521-26038-8 | location = Cambridge, New York | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=bFNK7qX7l9QC}} * {{cite book | title = The Gods of the Greeks | date = 1951 | publisher = Thames and Hudson | location = [[London]], UK | author-link = Károly Kerényi | first = Karl | last = Kerenyi | url = https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.7346/mode/2up?view=theater}} * {{cite book | last = Kunze | first = Max | title = [[Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae|Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae (LIMC)]] | volume = VII.1. | publisher = Artemis Verlag | location = Zürich and Munich | date = 1994 | isbn = 3-7608-8751-1}} * {{cite book | first1 = Henry George | last1 = Liddell | first2 = Robert | last2 = Scott | title = [[A Greek-English Lexicon]], revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie | location = Oxford | publisher = [[Clarendon Press]] | date = 1940 | author1-link = Henry Liddell | author2-link = Robert Scott (philologist)}} [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057 Online version at Perseus.tufts project.] * [[Lucian]], ''The Works of Lucian of Samosata'', translated by H. W. Fowler and F. G. Fowler, Oxford: [[The Clarendon Press]], 1905. * [[Maurus Servius Honoratus]], ''In Vergilii carmina comentarii. Servii Grammatici qui feruntur in Vergilii carmina commentarii;'' recensuerunt Georgius Thilo et Hermannus Hagen. Georgius Thilo. Leipzig. B. G. Teubner. 1881. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0053 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library]. * {{cite book | title = Reading Homer's Odyssey | first = Kostas | last = Myrsiades | publisher = [[Bucknell University Press]] | date = April 5, 2019 | isbn = 9781684481361 | location = Pennsylvania, USA | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Z2bcDwAAQBAJ}} * [[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]]''; translated by [[W. H. D. Rouse|Rouse, W H D]], III Books XXXVI-XLVIII. [[Loeb Classical Library]] No. 346, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1940. [https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca03nonnuoft#page/n5/mode/2up Internet Archive]. * [[Pseudo-Oppian|Oppian]], ''Cynegetica'' in [[Oppian]], [[Colluthus]], [[Tryphiodorus]]. Oppian, Colluthus, and Tryphiodorus. Translated by A. W. Mair. Loeb Classical Library 219. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1928. [https://archive.org/details/oppiancolluthust00oppiuoft/mode/2up?view=theater Online version at Internet Archive.] * [[Ovid]], ''[[Fasti (poem)|Ovid's Fasti]]: With an English translation by Sir James George Frazer'', London: W. Heinemann LTD; Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1959. [https://archive.org/stream/ovidsfasti00oviduoft#page/n5/mode/2up Internet Archive]. * {{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4uhBArQUknYC | title = Lyrica Graeca Selecta | first = Denys Lionel | last = Page | series = Oxford Classical Texts | publisher = [[Oxford University Press]] | location = Oxford, New York | date = 1968 | isbn = 0-19-814567-5}} * [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], ''Pausanias Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes.'' Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+1.1.1 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library]. * [[Quintus Smyrnaeus]], ''Quintus Smyrnaeus: The Fall of Troy'', translated by A.S. Way, Cambridge, Massachusetts, [[Harvard University Press]], 1913. [https://archive.org/stream/falloftroy00quin#page/n5/mode/2up Internet Archive]. * {{cite book | author-link = Helmut Rix | last = Rix | first = Helmut | date = 2001 | title = Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben | trans-title = Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs | language = German | edition = 2 | location = Wiesbaden | publisher = Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag | isbn = 3895002194 | url = https://archive.org/details/lexikon-der-indogermanischen-verben/}} * {{cite book | first1 = Luke | last1 = Roman | first2 = Monica | last2 = Roman | title = Encyclopedia of Greek and Roman Mythology | date = 2010 | isbn = 978-0-8160-7242-2 | publisher = Infobase Publishing | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tOgWfjNIxoMC}} * {{cite book | author-link = William Smith (lexicographer) | last = Smith | first = William | title = [[Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology|A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology]] | location = London, UK | date = 1873 | publisher = John Murray, printed by Spottiswoode and Co.}} [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DA Online version at the Perseus.tufts library.] {{refend}} == Other websites == {{commons category|Zephyrus}} * [https://www.theoi.com/Titan/AnemosZephyros.html ZEPHYRUS from the Theoi Project] * [https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-000533 The Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (images of Zephyrus)] * [https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-000533 Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (ca 40 images of Flora and Zephyrus)] {{Greek religion}} {{Greek mythology (deities)}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Greek gods]] [[Category:Anemoi]] [[Category:Sky and weather gods]] [[Category:LGBTQ themes in Greek mythology]] [[Category:Children of Eos]] [[Category:Avian humanoids]] [[Category:Children of Gaia]] [[Category:Deities in the Iliad]] [[Category:Characters in the Odyssey]] [[Category:Metamorphoses characters]] [[Category:Personifications in Greek mythology]] [[Category:Deeds of Apollo]] [[Category:Deeds of Eros]] [[Category:Animal Deities]] [[Category:Fertility deities]] [[Category:Nature deities]] [[Category:Spring deities]] [[Category:Summer deities]] [[Category:Cupid and Psyche]] [[Category:Horse deities]] [[Category:Deeds of Poseidon]] [[Category:Animal gods]] [[Category:Fertility gods]] [[Category:Wind gods]] {{religion-stub}} [[Category:Greek gods and goddesses]] 9ee3ker99w4w0bnbf5iutcqb0u0el48 0 409207 10369002 10364346 2025-07-03T05:39:27Z Julipero 1604351 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 10369002 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lavoisier Nomenclature01.gif|right|thumb|First page of [[Antoine Lavoisier]]'s ''Chymical Nomenclature'' in English.]] '''Chemical nomenclature''' is the system scientists use to name [[chemical]]s in a clear and organized way. It helps chemists talk about substances without confusion, no matter where they are in the world or what language they speak. This system includes rules for naming [[Chemical element|element]]s (like [[hydrogen]] or [[oxygen]]), [[Chemical compound|compound]]s (like [[water]] or [[carbon dioxide]]), [[acid]]s and [[Base (chemistry)|base]]s, big molecules like [[plastic]]s and [[protein]]s, and special groups like [[ion]]s or [[isotope]]s. Using the same naming rules helps everyone understand exactly which substance is being discussed. It is very important in science classes, labs, medicine, industries, and safety rules.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=OpenStaxCollege|date=2014-10-02|title=Chemical Nomenclature|url=https://pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu/chemistry/chapter/chemical-nomenclature/|journal=Pressbooks|language=en}}</ref> The rules for naming chemicals are mostly created and managed by a group called [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry|IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry)]]. They make sure the names follow clear rules, show what the chemical is made of, and can be understood all over the world. IUPAC updates these rules when new discoveries are made.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nomenclature|url=https://iupac.org/what-we-do/nomenclature/|access-date=2025-06-26|website=IUPAC {{!}} International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)|url=https://council.science/member/international-union-of-pure-and-applied-chemistry-iupac/|access-date=2025-06-26|website=International Science Council|language=en-US}}</ref> Besides IUPAC names, people also use other types of names like common names (like "water" instead of "dihydrogen monoxide"), trivial names (like "baking soda" for [[sodium bicarbonate]]), and trade names (used in [[business]], like brand names for [[Product (business)|product]]s). These other names are often easier to remember but may not give as much detail about the chemical’s structure or ingredients.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Common Chemical Names {{!}} Flinn Scientific|url=https://www.flinnsci.com/common-chemical-names/dc10316/|access-date=2025-06-26|website=www.flinnsci.com}}</ref> In [[inorganic chemistry]], there are special rules for naming different kinds of compounds. These include things like [[ionic compound]]s, [[covalent compound]]s, [[oxide]]s, [[acid]]s and [[Base (chemistry)|base]]s, and [[coordination complex]]es. When naming these compounds, scientists look at things like what elements are in the compound, how many [[atom]]s of each element there are, the charge of the elements (called [[oxidation state]]s), and whether special groups like [[polyatomic ion]]s (e.g., SO₄²⁻ or NO₃⁻) are present. For example, FeCl₃ is called [[iron(III) chloride]] because the iron has a +3 charge. Another example, CO₂ is called [[carbon dioxide]] because it has two [[Oxygen|oxygen atom]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Monga|first=Vishakha|last2=Flowers|first2=Paul|last3=Theopold|first3=Klaus|last4=Robinson|first4=William R.|last5=Langley|first5=Richard|date=2018-10-19|title=4.5 Chemical Nomenclature|url=https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/inorganicchemistrychem250/chapter/chemical-nomenclature-2/|journal=Pressbooks|language=en}}</ref> Coordination complexes have their own set of rules to make sure the name tells you what the central [[metal]] is, what its charge is, and what [[ligand]]s (attached groups or ions) are around it.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-13|title=2.3: Nomenclature for Coordination Compounds|url=https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/College_of_the_Canyons/CHEM_202%3A_General_Chemistry_II_OER/02%3A_Coordination_Chemistry_of_Transition_Metals/2.03%3A_Nomenclature_for_Coordination_Compounds|access-date=2025-06-26|website=Chemistry LibreTexts|language=en}}</ref> In [[organic chemistry]], naming compounds can be more complex because there are so many different carbon-based molecules. To keep things clear and organized, scientists use a system created by IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry). This system helps chemists name compounds in a way that describes exactly how the atoms are connected and arranged. One of the first steps in naming an [[organic compound]] is to find the longest [[Catenation|carbon chain]]. This chain is called the parent structure, and it gives the base name of the compound. Next, chemists look for [[functional group]]s, special groups of atoms like [[alcohol]]s (–OH), [[acid]]s (–COOH), or [[amine]]s (–NH₂), that change the properties of the [[molecule]]. These groups are added to the name using prefixes, infixes, and suffixes to show what’s attached and where. For example, the molecule CH₃CH₂OH has two carbon atoms and an –OH group, so it is named [[ethanol]]. Another compound, CH₃CH₂COOH, has three carbon atoms and a –COOH group, so it is called [[propanoic acid]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Organic Nomenclature|url=https://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/virttxtjml/nomen1.htm|access-date=2025-06-26|website=www2.chemistry.msu.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=IUPAC Rules|url=https://www.chem.uiuc.edu/GenChemReferences/nomenclature_rules.html|access-date=2025-06-26|website=www.chem.uiuc.edu}}</ref> The naming system also includes ways to show the 3D arrangement of atoms, since the same atoms can be arranged differently. Terms like cis/trans, R/S, and E/Z are used to describe these differences, called [[stereochemistry]] and [[isomerism]]. This helps chemists understand not just what atoms are in a molecule, but also how they are arranged in space, which can affect how the molecule behaves.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=4.3: Naming stereoisomers|url=https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Potsdam/Book%3A_Organic_Chemistry_I_(Walker)/04%3A_Stereochemistry/4.03%3A_Naming_stereoisomers|access-date=2025-06-26|website=Chemistry LibreTexts|language=en}}</ref> Chemical nomenclature also includes rules for naming [[acid]]s and [[Base (chemistry)|base]]s, which are important types of compounds in [[chemistry]]. For example, [[sulfuric acid]] has the formula H₂SO₄, and [[ammonia]] is NH₃. When acids and bases react, they can form [[salt]]s, which also have names that follow specific rules. One example is [[ammonium sulfate]], written as (NH₄)₂SO₄, which is a salt made from ammonia and sulfuric acid.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Naming acids and bases|url=https://www.khanacademy.org/science/hs-chemistry-tx/x1ff71253c4e4a747:acids-and-bases/x1ff71253c4e4a747:naming-acids-and-bases/a/writing-formulas-and-names-for-acids-and-bases|access-date=2025-06-26|website=www.khanacademy.org|language=en}}</ref> Naming rules also apply to more complex compounds. For instance, [[Hydration|hydrated compound]]s are substances that include water molecules in their structure. These are named by adding terms like “monohydrate” or “pentahydrate” to show how many water molecules are present.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-07|title=2.12: Hydrates|url=https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Arkansas_Little_Rock/Chem_1402%3A_General_Chemistry_1_(Kattoum)/Text/2%3A_Atoms%2C_Molecules%2C_and_Ions/2.12%3A_Hydrates|access-date=2025-06-26|website=Chemistry LibreTexts|language=en}}</ref> There are also rules for [[Mixed-valence complex|mixed-valence compound]]s, which contain the same element in different [[oxidation state]]s, and [[organometallic compound]]s, which have metals bonded to carbon atoms.<ref>{{Citation|last=Rao|first=C. N. R.|title=Mixed Valence in Chemistry|date=1987|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0947-5_27|work=Theoretical and Experimental Aspects of Valence Fluctuations and Heavy Fermions|pages=235–242|editor-last=Gupta|editor-first=L. C.|place=Boston, MA|publisher=Springer US|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-1-4613-0947-5_27|isbn=978-1-4613-0947-5|access-date=2025-06-26|editor2-last=Malik|editor2-first=S. K.}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=2022-06-15|title=13.2: Nomenclature, Ligands, and Classification|url=https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Inorganic_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/13%3A_Organometallic_Chemistry/13.02%3A_Nomenclature_Ligands_and_Classification|access-date=2025-06-26|website=Chemistry LibreTexts|language=en}}</ref> In [[biology]] and [[biochemistry]], some substances like [[amino acid]]s and [[nucleotide]]s (building blocks of [[protein]]s and [[DNA]]) have their own special naming systems because of their complexity and importance in living things. When it comes to [[polymer]]s (long chains of repeating molecules) and [[macromolecule]]s, there are two main ways to name them: by the source material (like [[natural rubber]]) or by their chemical structure. Many polymers also have short names or abbreviations to make them easier to talk about. For example, [[polyethylene]] is often called PE, and [[polytetrafluoroethylene]] is known as PTFE, the material used in non-stick cookware (like [[Teflon]]).<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=Nomenclature: Polymers/macromolecules {{!}} Michael Pilgaard's Web Chemistry|url=https://pilgaard.info/Nomenclature/PolymerNomenclature.htm|access-date=2025-06-26|website=pilgaard.info}}</ref> The IUPAC's rules for naming chemical compounds are written in a series of books. The system for naming [[organic compound]]s is written in the ''[[Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry|Blue Book]]''.<ref>{{citation | title = Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry | orig-year = 1958 (A: Hydrocarbons, and B: Fundamental Heterocyclic Systems), 1965 (C: Characteristic Groups) | year =1971 | edition = 3rd | publisher = Butterworths | location = London | isbn = 0-408-70144-7}}</ref><ref name="blue book">{{citation|editor1=Rigaudy, J.|editor2=Klesney, S. P.|year=1979|title=Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry|publisher=IUPAC/Pergamon Press|isbn=0-08022-3699}}. {{citation|editor1=Panico, R.|editor2=Powell, W. H.|editor3=Richer, J. C.|year=1993|title=A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds|publisher=IUPAC/Blackwell Science|isbn=0-632-03488-2}}. {{cite web|author=IUPAC, Chemical Nomenclature and Structure Representation Division|url=http://old.iupac.org/reports/provisional/abstract04/favre_310305.html|title=Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry (Provisional Recommendations)|publisher=IUPAC}}.</ref> The system for naming [[inorganic compound]]s is written in the ''[[Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry|Red Book]]''.<ref name="redbook">International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2005). ''Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry'' (IUPAC Recommendations 2005). Cambridge (UK): RSC–IUPAC. {{ISBN|0-85404-438-8}}. [http://old.iupac.org/publications/books/rbook/Red_Book_2005.pdf Electronic version] (PDF).</ref> A third book, called the ''[[Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry|Green Book]]'',<ref name="greenbook">International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (1993). ''Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry'', 2nd edition, Oxford: Blackwell Science. {{ISBN|0-632-03583-8}}. [http://old.iupac.org/publications/books/gbook/green_book_2ed.pdf Electronic version] (PDF).</ref> gives recommendations about the use of [[symbol]]s for [[Physical quantity|physical quantities]]. A fourth book, the ''[[Compendium of Chemical Terminology|Gold Book]]'',<ref name="goldbook">''Compendium of Chemical Terminology, IMPACT Recommendations'', 2nd ed., Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. (1997)</ref> contains the [[Glossary|definitions]] of many of the technical terms used in chemistry. Similar books exist for [[biochemistry]],<ref name="bio chem">''Biochemical Nomenclature and Related Documents'', London: Portland Press (1992).</ref> [[analytical chemistry]],<ref name="anal">International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (1998). ''Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature'' (definitive rules 1997, 3rd. ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Science. {{ISBN|0-86542-6155}}.</ref> [[macromolecular chemistry]],<ref name="macro">''Compendium of Macromolecular Nomenclature'', Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications (1991).</ref> and [[clinical chemistry]].<ref>{{citation | title = Compendium of Terminology and Nomenclature of Properties in Clinical Laboratory Sciences | series = IMPACT Recommendations 1995 | year = 1995 | location = Oxford | publisher = Blackwell Science | isbn = 0-86542-612-0}}.</ref> The books do not cover everything, however. Shorter recommendations for specific circumstances are published sometimes in the [[Scientific journal|journal]] ''Pure and Applied Chemistry''. In today’s digital world, scientists do not just use regular chemical names. They also use special codes that [[computer]]s can understand. Two examples are [[International Chemical Identifier|InChI (International Chemical Identifier)]] and [[Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System|SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System)]]. These are ways to describe chemical structures using text that can be read by [[computer program]]s. Even though these codes may look strange and are not easy for people to read, they are very helpful. They let computers store, search, and organize millions of chemical compounds quickly and accurately. This is especially useful in big databases, online searches, and software used for chemistry research. These systems are important tools in fields like [[cheminformatics]] (the use of computers in chemistry), [[data mining]], and keeping digital records of chemical information. So while traditional names are still used by people, InChI and SMILES help computers keep track of all the complex chemical information in the modern age.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|last=Heller|first=Stephen R.|last2=McNaught|first2=Alan|last3=Pletnev|first3=Igor|last4=Stein|first4=Stephen|last5=Tchekhovskoi|first5=Dmitrii|date=2015-05-30|title=InChI, the IUPAC International Chemical Identifier|url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s13321-015-0068-4|journal=Journal of Cheminformatics|volume=7|issue=1|pages=23|doi=10.1186/s13321-015-0068-4|issn=1758-2946|pmc=4486400|pmid=26136848}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web|date=2020-08-11|title=5.8: Line Notation (SMILES and InChI)|url=https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Fordham_University/Chem1102%3A_Drug_Discovery_-_From_the_Laboratory_to_the_Clinic/05%3A_Organic_Molecules/5.08%3A_Line_Notation_(SMILES_and_InChI)|access-date=2025-06-26|website=Chemistry LibreTexts|language=en}}</ref> ==History== ===Pre-systematic Naming=== [[File:Joseph Wright of Derby The Alchemist.jpg|thumb|left|upright|''[[The Alchemist in Search of the Philosopher's Stone]]'', by Joseph Wright, 1771]] Before [[scientist]]s created a standard way to name [[chemical]]s, naming was messy and confusing. People in different parts of the world used their own words to describe the same substance, or they gave the same name to completely different things. This was because names were based on things like how a substance looked, what it was used for, or how it was made. For example, a substance might be called “blue stone” in one place because of its [[color]], and “healer’s powder” in another place because of its use in [[medicine]], even though both names referred to the same thing. Or two totally different substances might both be called “salt” just because they looked similar. Back then, scientists did not fully understand what chemicals were made of. [[Chemistry]] was still developing, and people often worked alone or in small groups without sharing knowledge across countries. As a result, there was no universal system for naming things, which made it hard to communicate or build on each other’s work.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Marx|first=Gerard|last2=Gilon|first2=Chaim|date=2022|title=History of Chemical Notations from Alchemy to Psycho-Chemistry|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ijch.202100088|journal=Israel Journal of Chemistry|language=en|volume=62|issue=9-10|pages=e202100088|doi=10.1002/ijch.202100088|issn=1869-5868}}</ref> During the [[Middle Ages]] and [[Renaissance]], people called [[Alchemy|alchemist]]s studied early forms of chemistry. But their naming system was very different from what we use today. Alchemists did not just describe what a substance looked like or what it did, they gave names that were full of symbols and hidden meanings. For example, [[gold]] was called the “Sun” because it was shiny and powerful. [[Silver]] was called the “Moon” because of its white glow. [[Mercury]] was called the “Spirit” because it could change form easily, moving between [[liquid]] and [[Gas|vapor]]. These names were not just about the materials themselves, they were also tied to deep beliefs about [[nature]], the [[star]]s, and even the [[soul]]. Alchemists often used secret symbols and strange words to keep their discoveries hidden from others. They believed that turning one [[metal]] into another, like [[lead]] into [[gold]], was also a kind of spiritual transformation. So their names and writings were filled with [[mystery]] and [[magic]]. This made it hard for others to understand their work and slowed the development of a clear chemical language.<ref name=":0" /> Besides the symbolic names used by alchemists, many substances were also given practical or local names. These names were often based on what the substance looked like, what it could do, or where it came from. For example, "vitriol" was a name used for certain sulfate compounds, especially [[iron(II) sulfate]]. It formed bright green crystals, so people recognized it by its color and shape.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vitriol - Etymology, Origin & Meaning|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/vitriol|access-date=2025-06-26|website=etymonline|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Origins of Vitrol|url=https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/quirky-science-science-science-everywhere/bitterly-scathing-or-caustic-remarks-can-be-said-be-vitriolic-what-chemical-term-associated|access-date=2025-06-26|website=Office for Science and Society|language=en}}</ref> Another example is "aqua regia," which means “royal water” in [[Latin]]. This name was used for a [[strong acid]] mixture that could dissolve [[gold]], something most other chemicals could not do. Since gold was seen as the “king” of metals, the [[acid]] that could destroy it was called royal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aqua regia {{!}} Definition, Composition, Uses, & Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/aqua-regia|access-date=2025-06-26|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> While these names gave useful hints about how a substance behaved, they were not part of a clear or universal system. People in different countries or regions might use the same name for different things, or use different names for the same substance. This often caused confusion, especially as [[science]] became more global and people needed a common way to talk about chemicals.<ref name=":0" /> During the early days of science, [[Latin]] and [[Greek language|Greek]] had a big influence on how chemicals were named. At that time, most scholars in Europe used these languages when writing or talking about [[science]]. Since Latin and Greek were shared by many educated people, they became the common language for learning and teaching. As a result, many early chemical names were based on words from these classical languages. For example, the word “acid” comes from the Latin word acidus, which means “sour,” describing how acids taste.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Acid - Etymology, Origin & Meaning|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/acid|access-date=2025-06-26|website=etymonline|language=en-US}}</ref> The word “alkali” originally came from Arabic (al-qaly), but scholars changed it to sound more like Latin when writing it in their texts.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alkali - Etymology, Origin & Meaning|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/alkali|access-date=2025-06-26|website=etymonline|language=en-US}}</ref> Even newer scientific names, like “hydrogen,” follow this [[pattern]]. “Hydro” comes from the Greek word for water, and “-gen” means “to produce” or “form.” So, [[hydrogen]] literally means “water-forming,” since it combines with [[oxygen]] to make [[water]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Hydrogen - Etymology, Origin & Meaning|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/hydrogen|access-date=2025-06-26|website=etymonline|language=en-US}}</ref> These classical roots helped give scientific names meaning, even before an official naming system existed.<ref name=":0" /> ===The Birth of Modern Chemical Nomenclature (Late 18th Century)=== {{Multiple image | total_width = 600 | align = center | image1 = Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau (cropped 2).jpg | caption1 = Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau | image2 = Antoine Lavoisier by Jacques-Louis David (cropped 2).jpg | caption2 = Antoine Lavoisier | image3 = Berthollet Claude Louis (cropped).jpg | caption3 = Claude Louis Berthollet | image4 = Antoine François de Fourcroy, by Z. Belliar.jpg | caption4 = Antoine François de Fourcroy | footer = The authors of ''Méthode de nomenclature chimique''. }} [[File:Méthode de Nomenclature Chimique (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Title page of ''Méthode de nomenclature chimique''.]] By the late 1700s, [[chemistry]] was starting to change in big ways. It was becoming less about guesses and old traditions, and more about careful experiments and measurements. Scientists were discovering many new [[Chemical element|element]]s and [[Chemical compound|compound]]s, and they needed better ways to describe and name them clearly. At that time, the way people named substances was messy and confusing. One [[Chemical substance|substance]] might have several different names depending on who you asked or where you were in the world. Even worse, two completely different substances might have names that sounded alike. This made it hard for scientists to share their discoveries or build on each other’s work. As chemistry grew more complex, scientists realized they needed a better system. They needed a clear, organized way to name chemicals that everyone could understand and agree on. This need for a standardized naming system became more and more important as the science of chemistry continued to develop.<ref name=":0" /> A big step toward fixing the confusing naming of chemicals came from a famous French chemist named [[Antoine Lavoisier]]. He is often called the "father of modern chemistry" because of his important work in making chemistry more scientific and organized. Lavoisier did not work alone, he teamed up with other chemists like [[Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau]], [[Claude-Louis Berthollet]], and [[Antoine-François de Fourcroy]]. Together, they wanted to create a new way to name chemical substances that was clear and based on what the substances were made of and how they reacted. Their goal was to get rid of the old, confusing names that were based on tradition, mystery, or local customs. Instead, they wanted names that made sense and helped people understand what each chemical really was. In 1787, they published a book called Méthode de nomenclature chimique, which means Method of Chemical Nomenclature. This book introduced a new system for naming chemicals. It became a major turning point in the [[history of chemistry]] and is considered the starting point of the modern way we name chemical substances.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Duveen|first=Denis I.|last2=Klickstein|first2=Herbert S.|date=1954|title=The Introduction of Lavoisier's Chemical Nomenclature into America|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/226714|journal=Isis|volume=45|issue=3|pages=278–292|issn=0021-1753}}</ref> The Méthode de nomenclature chimique introduced a new, logical way to name chemical substances. Instead of using old-fashioned or random names, the new system focused on what each substance was made of and how it behaved in [[chemical reaction]]s. This meant that a substance’s name could tell you which elements it contained and how much of each was present. For example, if two [[Chemical element|element]]s joined together to form a [[Chemical compound|compound]], the name would show both elements and their proportions. This helped scientists understand what they were working with, just by looking at the name. It also made it easier to guess the names of new compounds by following the same set of rules. One of the smartest parts of this system was how flexible it was. It did not need to be changed every time a new substance was discovered. Instead, it could grow and include new chemicals just by applying the same naming rules. This clear and expandable system helped chemistry become more organized and scientific, making it easier for scientists to share and build on each other’s work.<ref name=":2" /> One important part of Lavoisier’s work was giving elements clear and organized names. Back then, scientists had only discovered a few dozen elements, but even that was enough to cause confusion without proper names. Lavoisier and his team decided that the best way to name elements was to use words that described what the elements looked like or how they behaved. For example, they named [[oxygen]] using Greek words that meant “acid former” because they believed, incorrectly, that all [[acid]]s contained oxygen.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oxygen - Element information, properties and uses {{!}} Periodic Table|url=https://periodic-table.rsc.org/element/8/oxygen|access-date=2025-06-26|website=periodic-table.rsc.org}}</ref> They named [[hydrogen]] “water former” because it creates [[water]] when it burns in [[air]].<ref name=":1" /> Even though some of these ideas were later proven wrong, the names were simple, descriptive, and useful, so many of them are still used today. By giving elements logical and meaningful names, Lavoisier helped scientists talk about them more clearly and made it easier for future discoveries to fit into a system.<ref name=":2" /> ===19th Century Developments and the Rise of Organic Chemistry=== [[File:Jöns Jacob Berzelius 1826.jpg|thumb|Berzelius is considered, along with [[Robert Boyle]], [[John Dalton]], and [[Antoine Lavoisier]], to be one of the founders of modern [[chemistry]]. He created the [[chemical symbol]]s still used today. He also helped name [[organic compound]]s.]] During the 19th century, chemistry grew very quickly, especially in a field called [[organic chemistry]], the study of [[Organic compound|carbon-based compound]]s. Scientists began to discover many new substances made from [[carbon]], both in factories and in laboratories. But as they found more of these compounds, it became harder to name them clearly and consistently. [[Inorganic compound]]s, like [[salt]] or [[water]], usually involve a small number of elements and follow simple patterns. But organic compounds can be much more complicated. They might have long chains or rings of carbon atoms, contain special groups of atoms called [[functional group]]s, or have [[isomer]]s, molecules with the same parts but arranged in different ways. All this variety made naming them a real challenge. This was also the time when chemistry started to play a bigger role in [[industry]], such as making [[dye]]s, [[medicine]]s, and new [[material]]s. So it became even more important for scientists around the world to use the same language when naming organic compounds, so they could understand each other and avoid mistakes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=TechnoFunc - History of Chemicals Industry|url=https://www.technofunc.com/index.php/domain-knowledge/chemicals-industry/item/history-of-chemicals-industry|access-date=2025-06-26|website=www.technofunc.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wentrup|first=Curt|date=2022|title=Origins of Organic Chemistry and Organic Synthesis|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ejoc.202101492|journal=European Journal of Organic Chemistry|language=en|volume=2022|issue=25|pages=e202101492|doi=10.1002/ejoc.202101492|issn=1099-0690}}</ref> To deal with the growing number of [[chemical compound]]s, scientists started working on ways to organize and name them in a more logical way. They tried to create early systems for naming chemicals, but progress was slow and not the same everywhere. In many cases, older names, called trivial names, continued to be used. These names often came from where the substance was found or how it was used in the past. For example, [[acetic acid]], which is what gives [[vinegar]] its sour taste, got its name from the Latin word acetum, meaning vinegar. Names like these were simple and familiar, but they did not tell you anything about the structure of the molecule or how it related to other chemicals. Because these traditional names were so common and people were used to them, they did not go away easily. So, scientists ended up using two kinds of names at the same time, trivial names for everyday use and more systematic names for scientific accuracy.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Common Names - (Organic Chemistry) - Vocab, Definition, Explanations {{!}} Fiveable|url=https://library.fiveable.me/key-terms/organic-chem/common-names|access-date=2025-06-26|website=library.fiveable.me|language=en}}</ref> The effort to bring more order to chemical names got a big push from the work of [[Jöns Jacob Berzelius]], a Swedish chemist in the early 1800s. He was one of the first scientists to try to create a universal chemical language that could be used by chemists all over the world. One of his most important contributions was creating the system of [[chemical symbol]]s that we still use today. For example, H stands for [[hydrogen]], O for [[oxygen]], and C for [[carbon]]. Before this, chemical names were long, confusing, or even symbolic, and they varied between countries and scientists. Berzelius also worked hard to figure out the [[atomic weight]]s of elements, basically, how heavy each type of [[atom]] is compared to others. This helped chemists better understand how elements combine to form compounds, because it allowed them to calculate the [[ratio]]s in which different atoms joined together. His system gave chemistry a more mathematical and logical foundation. Even though Berzelius focused mostly on elements rather than large molecules, his ideas helped scientists write down chemical formulas in a clear and organized way. For example, instead of writing out "water is made of two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen," they could simply write H₂O. This was a huge step forward because it made it much easier to communicate and share chemical knowledge.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jöns Jacob Berzelius {{!}} Swedish Chemist & Pioneer of Modern Chemistry {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jons-Jacob-Berzelius|access-date=2025-06-26|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Jöns Jacob Berzelius|url=https://web.lemoyne.edu/giunta/berzelius.html|access-date=2025-06-26|website=web.lemoyne.edu}}</ref> The formal naming of [[organic compound]]s began to take shape in the 1830s, when chemists like [[Jöns Jacob Berzelius]], [[Justus von Liebig]], and [[Friedrich Wöhler]] started introducing names for newly discovered substances. For example, they came up with names like [[benzoyl chloride]] and [[ethyl iodide]], which reflected the compounds’ chemical makeup more clearly than older, traditional names. This period marked the early steps toward a more systematic way of naming carbon-based compounds, laying the foundation for modern organic nomenclature. The first serious international effort to create a consistent naming system happened in 1889, when an International Commission for the Reform of Chemical Nomenclature was formed. The goal of this group was to create a clear and logical method for naming organic chemicals so scientists from different countries could communicate more effectively. In 1892, this effort led to a historic meeting where 34 leading chemists from nine European countries gathered and agreed on a set of rules now known as the [[Geneva Rules]]. These rules were specifically focused on [[aliphatic compound]]s, organic molecules that consist of straight or branched chains of carbon atoms (as opposed to ring structures). The Geneva Rules introduced two major principles that are still used today:<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=|first=|title=Origin and Evolution of Organic Nomenclature|url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ba-1974-0126.ch001|journal=ACS Publications}}</ref> * The longest continuous carbon chain in the [[molecule]] is identified and used as the base name or parent name. * [[Functional group]]s, specific groups of atoms that affect the compound’s chemical behavior are represented using suffixes added to the base name. For example, if a molecule contains a carboxylic acid group (–COOH) attached to a three-carbon chain, the name would be [[propanoic acid]]: "prop-" for the three-carbon chain, and "-oic acid" to show the presence of the acid group. The Geneva group planned to extend these rules to [[Aromatic compound|cyclic (ring-shaped) compound]]s, but this part of the project was never completed at the time. Still, the rules they established became a cornerstone for future naming systems and are considered a major milestone in the development of systematic chemical nomenclature.<ref name=":3" /> ===Formation and Role of IUPAC (20th Century Onward)=== [[File:International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry logo.svg|thumb|The [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry|International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)]] was founded in 1919. It was created under the [[International Research Council]], and its main goal was to bring order and consistency to chemical names and symbols around the world.]] As [[chemistry]] grew quickly during the 20th century, scientists were discovering and creating more and more new compounds. They were also studying [[molecule]]s that were much more complex than before. These discoveries were being shared in [[scientific journal]]s all over the world. But this created a problem: different scientists sometimes used different names for the same substance, or the same name for different things. To avoid confusion and make sure everyone could understand each other, there needed to be a global system for naming chemicals. This led to the founding of the [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry|International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)]] in 1919. It was created under the [[International Research Council]], and its main goal was to bring order and consistency to chemical names and symbols around the world. This was a big turning point. Before this, naming rules were often made by individual scientists or by national scientific groups. With IUPAC, chemical naming became a truly international effort. [[Scientist]]s realized that chemistry was no longer just a local or national activity, it had become an international science. Researchers in different countries needed to be able to share ideas and results clearly, and that required a common language. IUPAC took on the job of setting up standard rules and symbols for naming [[Chemical element|element]]s, [[Chemical compound|compound]]s, [[chemical reaction]]s, and [[measurement]]s. To do this, IUPAC brought together expert chemists from many different countries. These experts worked together in committees to create and update official guidelines for how to name all kinds of chemical substances.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About IUPAC|url=https://old.iupac.org/general/about.html|access-date=2025-06-26|website=old.iupac.org}}</ref> One of the most important jobs of IUPAC has been to create and update clear, systematic rules for naming [[chemical compound]]s. As chemistry progressed through the 20th century, scientists discovered and created more and more types of substances, from simple materials like [[table salt]] to complex molecules such as [[plastic]]s, [[Drug|medicine]]s, and biological molecules like [[protein]]s and [[DNA]]. With so many new compounds being studied, a consistent and logical naming system became more necessary than ever. To meet this need, IUPAC developed a set of formal naming rules that scientists around the world could follow. These rules helped chemists name both [[inorganic compound]]s (like [[salt]]s and [[acid]]s) and [[organic compound]]s (which contain carbon and include things like [[alcohol]]s, [[acid]]s, [[sugar]]s, and [[drug]]s). The system used a compound’s structure, functional groups (the reactive parts of the molecule), and how its atoms are connected to generate names. These systematic names provided clues about the molecule’s makeup and shape. For example, a name could tell a chemist how many [[Carbon|carbon atom]]s the [[molecule]] had, what kind of bonds were present ([[Single bond|single]], [[Double bond|double]], or [[Triple bond|triple]]), and where certain important parts of the molecule were located. This made it possible for chemists to understand and visualize a compound just from its name, without needing a picture. To help scientists name and describe chemical substances clearly and consistently, IUPAC created a set of important [[reference book]]s, each focused on a different part of [[chemistry]]. These books are often known by their color-coded names and serve as guides for chemists around the world.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Books|url=https://iupac.org/what-we-do/books/|access-date=2025-06-26|website=IUPAC {{!}} International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry|language=en-US}}</ref> The [[Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (IUPAC)|Red Book]] is focused on [[inorganic chemistry]]. It explains how to name substances like [[salt]]s, [[acid]]s, [[Base (chemistry)|base]]s, and [[Coordination complex|coordination compound]]s, which are often made from [[metal]]s and [[nonmetal]]s. It gives rules for writing names that reflect the chemical structure and the [[oxidation state]]s of the elements involved. For example, it helps explain why we call FeCl₃ "iron(III) chloride."<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hartshorn|first=Richard M.|last2=Hellwich|first2=Karl-Heinz|last3=Yerin|first3=Andrey|last4=Damhus|first4=Ture|last5=Hutton|first5=Alan T.|date=2015-10-01|title=Brief guide to the nomenclature of inorganic chemistry|url=https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/pac-2014-0718/html|journal=Pure and Applied Chemistry|language=en|volume=87|issue=9-10|pages=1039–1049|doi=10.1515/pac-2014-0718|issn=1365-3075}}</ref> The [[Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry (IUPAC)|Blue Book]] is for [[organic chemistry]], which deals with carbon-based compounds. This book goes into detail about how to name molecules made of carbon chains, rings, and other groups like [[alcohol]]s or [[acid]]s. It gives rules for using prefixes, suffixes, and numbers to describe exactly what atoms are in the compound and where they are located. For instance, it explains how to name CH₃CH₂OH as "ethanol."<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.rsc.org/books/monograph/180/Nomenclature-of-Organic-Chemistry|title=Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry|last=Favre|first=Henri A.|last2=Powell|first2=Warren H.|date=2013-12-05|publisher=The Royal Society of Chemistry|isbn=978-0-85404-182-4|language=en|doi=10.1039/9781849733069}}</ref> The [[Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry (IUPAC)|Green Book]] is a bit different. Instead of focusing on names of compounds, it helps scientists standardize [[Unit of measurement|unit]]s, [[Physical quantity|quantities]], and [[symbol]]s used in [[physical chemistry]]. This ensures that when a scientist measures [[temperature]], [[energy]], or [[pressure]], they use consistent units like [[Kelvin]] for temperature or [[Joule]]s for energy, so results are easy to understand and compare globally.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.rsc.org/books/edited-volume/2097/Quantities-Units-and-Symbols-in-Physical|title=Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry: 4th Edition, Abridged Version|date=2023-11-29|publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry|isbn=978-1-83916-150-6|language=en|doi=10.1039/9781839163180}}</ref> IUPAC also created other helpful books. The [[Compendium of Chemical Terminology (IUPAC)|Gold Book]] collects and defines scientific terms used in [[chemistry]]. It helps make sure that when a chemist uses a word like “[[enthalpy]]” or “[[electronegativity]],” everyone understands exactly what it means.<ref>{{Cite web|last=The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)|title=The IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology|url=https://goldbook.iupac.org/|access-date=2025-06-26|website=goldbook.iupac.org|language=en}}</ref> The [[Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature (IUPAC)|Orange Book]] focuses on [[analytical chemistry]], which is the science of measuring and detecting substances. It includes recommended procedures and definitions to support accurate chemical analysis.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.rsc.org/books/edited-volume/2059/Compendium-of-Terminology-in-Analytical-Chemistry|title=Compendium of Terminology in Analytical Chemistry|date=2023-01-27|publisher=The Royal Society of Chemistry|isbn=978-1-78262-947-4|language=en|doi=10.1039/9781788012881}}</ref> Together, these color-coded books form the backbone of chemical communication. They make it easier for scientists to share ideas, publish papers, and teach chemistry in a way that is clear, consistent, and internationally recognized. As the field of chemistry continued to grow and branch into new areas, IUPAC expanded its naming systems to cover these newer, more specialized topics. This was important because each subfield introduced new types of molecules that could not be easily named using the older rules. In [[biochemistry]], for example, scientists study complex molecules found in living things, such as [[protein]]s, [[enzyme]]s, [[DNA]], and [[carbohydrate]]s. These molecules often have large and complicated structures. To create a clear and standard way of naming them, IUPAC teamed up with another organization, the [[International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology|International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB)]]. Together, they made rules for naming [[amino acid]]s, [[nucleotide]]s, [[enzyme]]s, and other important biomolecules. For example, enzymes are often named based on the type of reaction they perform, like "[[lactase]]" which breaks down [[lactose]].<ref name=":4" /> In the area of [[polymer chemistry]], IUPAC had to develop new ways to name long-chain molecules made of repeating units, like [[plastic]]s. Naming polymers is tricky because they can be made in many different ways, with branching, cross-linking, or different sequences of building blocks. IUPAC’s rules helped chemists describe these structures more clearly, whether they are natural polymers like [[cellulose]] and [[protein]]s, or synthetic ones like [[polyethylene]] or [[nylon]].<ref name=":6" /> A newer and even more complex field is [[supramolecular chemistry]]. This field looks at large assemblies of [[molecule]]s that are not connected by strong [[covalent bond]]s, but by weaker forces, like [[hydrogen bond]]s or [[van der Waals forces]]. These structures can behave like machines or containers and are used in fields like [[drug delivery]] and [[nanotechnology]]. Because the components are not just bonded but organized in specific patterns, new naming strategies were needed to describe how the parts fit together, what types of interactions they use, and what roles each part plays.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Savastano|first=Matteo|date=2024-01-23|title=Ye Olde supramolecular chemistry, its modern rebranding and overarching trends in chemistry|url=https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2024/dt/d3dt03686c|journal=Dalton Transactions|language=en|volume=53|issue=4|pages=1373–1392|doi=10.1039/D3DT03686C|issn=1477-9234}}</ref> ===Modernization and Digital Standardization of Chemical Nomenclature=== Since the early 20th century, the [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry|International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)]] has played a key role in updating and expanding the rules for naming [[chemical substance]]s. As scientists discovered new elements and created new types of compounds, IUPAC worked to make sure the naming system could handle this growing complexity while staying clear and consistent. For example, when new elements like [[Nihonium|nihonium (Nh)]], [[Moscovium|moscovium (Mc)]], [[Tennessine|tennessine (Ts)]], and [[Oganesson|oganesson (Og)]] were officially recognized in the 21st century, IUPAC helped assign names and symbols for them based on a mix of international input, tradition, and clear rules. These names followed a pattern that made them recognizable and easy to use in all scientific languages.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Nihonium', 'moscovium', among new periodic element names|url=https://phys.org/news/2016-06-nihonium-moscovium-periodic-element.html|access-date=2025-06-26|website=phys.org|language=en}}</ref> In [[organic chemistry]], new classes of molecules like [[fullerene]]s, hollow carbon cages that look like soccer balls, required entirely new naming methods. These were very different from straight or branched carbon chains, so IUPAC developed special rules to describe their shape and the positions of atoms in the structure.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Powell|first=W. H.|last2=Cozzi|first2=F.|last3=Moss|first3=G. P.|last4=Thilgen|first4=C.|last5=Hwu|first5=R. J.-R.|last6=Yerin|first6=A.|date=2002-01-01|title=Nomenclature for the C60-Ih and C70-D5h(6) fullerenes (IUPAC Recommendations 2002)|url=https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1351/pac200274040629/html|journal=Pure and Applied Chemistry|language=en|volume=74|issue=4|pages=629–695|doi=10.1351/pac200274040629|issn=1365-3075}}</ref> Another example is [[organometallic compound]]s, which contain metal-carbon bonds and are used in many modern chemical reactions, including in drug development and material science. Naming these required a blend of inorganic and organic rules, so IUPAC had to create new guidelines that could handle the mix of elements and bonding types.<ref name=":5" /> As chemistry became more global, IUPAC also began to think about how to make chemical names usable in every country and language. This meant choosing words and formats that would not be confusing or hard to translate. For instance, a name like [[Isopropyl alcohol|2-propanol]] clearly tells you it is a three-carbon [[alcohol]] with the OH group on the second carbon, this structure-based approach works no matter what language you are speaking. In recent years, [[computer]]s have become essential tools in chemistry, especially in [[database]]s and chemical software. To make sure these systems could handle chemical names, IUPAC worked on making its rules more machine-friendly. That includes standardized punctuation, formatting, and ways to handle long or complicated names without ambiguity. For example, when entering a chemical structure into a software program, names like [[3-methylpentane]] or [[Dimethylaniline|N,N-dimethylaniline]] must follow consistent patterns so they can be parsed correctly. Through all these changes, IUPAC has aimed to balance scientific accuracy with practical readability. The goal is to create names that tell you what a [[molecule]] looks like, how it behaves, and how it relates to other compounds, all while making sure chemists and computer systems alike can understand and use the information. As chemistry has entered the digital age, the way chemical information is stored and shared has changed dramatically. One of the biggest steps forward was the creation of machine-readable formats, ways of writing chemical structures that [[computer]]s can easily understand and process. These formats make it possible to store huge numbers of chemical compounds in databases, run searches based on molecular structure, and support advanced tools in [[computational chemistry]] and [[drug discovery]]. One of the most important of these formats is the [[International Chemical Identifier]], or InChI. The project started in 2000, and the first version of InChI was released in 2005. Later, in 2007, scientists created a shorter version called the InChIKey. Developed by IUPAC, InChI turns a molecule’s structure into a long, standardized string of characters. For example, the InChI for water (H₂O) looks like this: InChI=1S/H2O/h1H2. This string contains layers of information, first showing the [[molecular formula]], then how [[atom]]s are connected (called connectivity), and then additional details like hydrogen atoms, [[stereochemistry]] (3D arrangement), and [[isotope]]s, if needed. InChI strings are not easy for humans to read, but they are incredibly precise and useful for machines. They help ensure that the same molecule is always identified in the same way, no matter what database or software is being used.<ref name=":7" /> Another common format is SMILES, which stands for [[Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System]]. SMILES was created in the late 1980s. It is a way to write chemical structures using simple letters and symbols instead of drawings. For instance, the SMILES for [[ethanol]] (the kind of [[alcohol]] in [[Alcoholic drink|drink]]s) is: CCO. This means there is a [[Carbon|carbon (C)]] bonded to another [[Carbon|carbon (C)]], which is bonded to an [[Oxygen|oxygen (O)]]. SMILES was developed by a [[company]] called [[Daylight Chemical Information Systems]], with help from the [[U.S. Environmental Protection Agency|U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)]]. The first work on SMILES was done at a special research lab in Duluth, Minnesota, called the Mid-Continent Ecology Division. The goal was to make it easier for scientists and computers to store, search, and understand chemical information. SMILES does not include as much detailed information as InChI, but it is fast, flexible, and human-friendly, making it great for quick input or visualization. These machine-readable systems are especially important in fields like [[cheminformatics]], where computers need to work with large chemical datasets. For example, in AI-driven drug discovery, software can analyze millions of potential [[Drug|drug molecule]]s by comparing their SMILES or InChI representations. These formats also power structure-based [[search engine]]s: if you draw or input a SMILES string for a [[molecule]], a database can quickly find other compounds with similar structures or properties.<ref name=":8" /> ==Nomenclature Systems Overview== ===Common and Traditional Names=== [[File:Water drop 001.jpg|thumb|Almost everyone calls H₂O "[[water]]", but the full scientific name is dihydrogen monoxide. That’s a lot harder to say. “Water” does not tell us exactly what the [[molecule]] is made of, but it is simple and everyone understands what it means.]] Some chemical names have been used for a very long time, long before scientists created official naming rules like the [[IUPAC|IUPAC system]]. These are called common or traditional names. People like them because they are usually short, easy to say, and easy to remember. For example, almost everyone calls H₂O "[[water]]", but the full scientific name is dihydrogen monoxide. That’s a lot harder to say. “Water” does not tell us exactly what the [[molecule]] is made of, but it is simple and everyone understands what it means. Even though common names are useful, they are not always clear about what [[Chemical element|element]]s or [[Chemical bond|bond]]s are in the chemical. That is why scientists use the more detailed systematic names when they need to be exact, like in science papers, safety labels, or legal documents. Still, common names are very helpful in school, in daily life, and in some industries.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Trivial name|url=https://www.chemeurope.com/en/encyclopedia/Trivial+name.html|access-date=2025-06-30|website=www.chemeurope.com}}</ref> Some of the chemical names we hear all the time are actually common or traditional names, not the long, official ones used in [[science]]. These names are popular because they are much easier to say and remember. Take [[ammonia]], for example. It is a common cleaning product, and its chemical formula is NH₃. The official IUPAC name is nitrogen trihydride, but hardly anyone uses that. “Ammonia” is just easier.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ammonia|url=https://byjus.com/chemistry/ammonia/|access-date=2025-06-30|website=BYJUS|language=en}}</ref> Another example is [[acetic acid]], the ingredient that gives [[vinegar]] its sour smell and taste. Scientists call it ethanoic acid, but “acetic acid” is much more widely known.<ref>{{Cite web|last=PubChem|title=Acetic Acid|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/176|access-date=2025-06-30|website=pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|language=en}}</ref> Then there is [[glucose]], a [[sugar]] your body uses for [[energy]]. Its official name is something long and complicated like D-glucopyranose, but even doctors and scientists just say “glucose” because it is simpler and everyone understands it.<ref>{{Cite web|last=PubChem|title=D-Glucose|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5793|access-date=2025-06-30|website=pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|language=en}}</ref> Sometimes, a name works both ways. For instance, [[methane]], a gas used as fuel, is short, easy to say, and also follows the IUPAC naming rules, so it is both a common and official name. But when a molecule is more complex, the scientific name can get really long. One example is [[acetaminophen]], the common name for a [[Analgesic|pain reliever]]. Its full IUPAC name is N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide, but that is mostly used in science papers or on legal documents.<ref>{{Cite web|last=PubChem|title=Acetaminophen|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1983|access-date=2025-06-30|website=pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|language=en}}</ref> Common and traditional chemical names often came from how the substance looked, where it was found, or what it was used for. For example, [[acetic acid]], the sour part of vinegar, gets its name from the [[Latin]] word acetum, which means vinegar.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Acetic Acid - Molecule of the Month - April 2016 (JSMol version)|url=https://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/acetic-acid/acetic-acidjs.htm|access-date=2025-06-30|website=www.chm.bris.ac.uk}}</ref> And [[baking soda]], which we use in baking and cleaning, is the common name for sodium bicarbonate.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Baking soda|url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/baking%20soda|access-date=2025-06-30|website=Dictionary.com|language=en}}</ref> Many of these names also come from [[alchemy]], an early form of [[chemistry]] that mixed science with mystical ideas. Alchemists gave cool or dramatic names to chemicals based on how they acted or looked. One example is “aqua regia”, which means “royal water” in Latin. It got that name because it could dissolve [[gold]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aqua regia {{!}} Definition, Composition, Uses, & Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/aqua-regia|access-date=2025-06-30|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> Another is “oil of vitriol”, an old name for [[sulfuric acid]], which looked oily and was very strong and corrosive.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Origins of Vitrol|url=https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/quirky-science-science-science-everywhere/bitterly-scathing-or-caustic-remarks-can-be-said-be-vitriolic-what-chemical-term-associated|access-date=2025-06-30|website=Office for Science and Society|language=en}}</ref> Some names were based on everyday use and trade. People working in construction or farming used “lime” to refer to [[calcium oxide]], and “[[potash]]” was a name for potassium-rich substances made from wood ashes. These names became popular because they were easy to say and helped people understand what the substances were used for.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lime - Etymology, Origin & Meaning|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/lime|access-date=2025-06-30|website=etymonline|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Potash - Etymology, Origin & Meaning|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/potash|access-date=2025-06-30|website=etymonline|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Nature]] also inspired many chemical names. [[Citric acid]], found in [[lemon]]s and [[orange]]s, was named after citrus fruits.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Citric - Etymology, Origin & Meaning|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/citric|access-date=2025-06-30|website=etymonline|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Salicylic acid]], used to make [[aspirin]], got its name from the [[willow tree]], whose bark naturally contains this compound. The Latin name for willow is Salix. Over time, these traditional names were used so much that they showed up in textbooks, science papers, and product labels.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Salicylic acid|url=https://www.acs.org/molecule-of-the-week/archive/s/salicylic-acid.html|access-date=2025-06-30|website=American Chemical Society|language=en}}</ref> Even though common chemical names do not always follow strict scientific rules, people still use them a lot today because they are simple, familiar, and easy to understand. You will see these names used in classrooms, [[medicine]], [[industry]], and even in everyday life. In many cases, being clear and quick is more important than giving the full scientific name. For example, when a teacher is teaching students about [[acid]]s, they will probably say “acetic acid” instead of “ethanoic acid”, because it is easier to remember and say. In [[cooking]], it is much simpler to call something “[[baking soda]]” than to say “sodium hydrogen carbonate” on a [[recipe]] or [[food label]]. These names are so useful that even the group that makes the official rules for chemical names, the [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry|International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)]], knows they are important. IUPAC has officially accepted some common names, like “[[ammonia]]” for NH₃ and “[[water]]” for H₂O, even though they do not follow the usual naming rules. To help everyone understand both types of names, IUPAC publishes glossaries and guides that list common names along with their scientific (systematic) versions. These resources explain when it is okay to use a common name and how it connects to the correct IUPAC name. This approach helps make chemistry more flexible. Scientists can still be accurate when they need to be, but they can also be clear and practical when talking to students or the general public.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Guide To Trivial Names, Trade Names And Synonyms For Substances Used In Analytical Nomenclature|url=https://publications.iupac.org/pac/pdf/1978/pdf/5004x0339.pdf|journal=IUPAC|volume=50|pages=339–370}}</ref> ===IUPAC Nomenclature=== [[File:Ethanol-3D-balls.png|thumb|The name [[ethanol]] tells us the molecule has two [[Carbon|carbon atom]]s and an [[Alcohol (chemistry)|alcohol group]] (which is a -OH).]] Chemists all over the world need a way to name chemical substances so that everyone understands exactly what they are talking about. That’s why they use something called IUPAC nomenclature. This is a special naming system created by a group called the [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry]], or IUPAC for short. IUPAC was formed in 1919 to make sure that scientists in different countries could all speak the same "chemical language." Before IUPAC, chemists in different places used different names for the same chemicals. That caused a lot of confusion. IUPAC helped fix this by making a set of clear rules for naming chemicals. These rules tell scientists how to name substances based on what atoms are in them and how those atoms are connected. The main idea is that every chemical should have one name that clearly shows its structure. For example, the name [[ethanol]] tells us the molecule has two [[Carbon|carbon atom]]s and an [[Alcohol (chemistry)|alcohol group]] (which is a -OH). Another example is ethanoic acid, which is another name for vinegar’s main ingredient (also called [[acetic acid]]). This name tells us the molecule has two carbon atoms and a special group called a [[carboxylic acid]]. The IUPAC system works for all kinds of chemicals, simple ones, complicated ones, big ones like [[plastic]]s, and even metal-containing ones. To create these names, IUPAC uses a mix of prefixes (like “di-” or “tri-”), root words (like “meth-” for one carbon), suffixes (like “-ol” for alcohol), and numbers to show where each part of the molecule is. This helps scientists write and understand chemical names without guessing. The IUPAC naming system is split into different sections because there are many kinds of chemical substances, and each type needs its own set of rules. These rules are collected in special books, and each book focuses on a different area of chemistry. One big area is [[inorganic chemistry]]. This includes things like [[salt]]s, [[acid]]s, [[Base (chemistry)|base]]s, [[oxide]]s, and some more complicated compounds called [[coordination complex]]es. To help scientists name these properly, IUPAC made a guide called the [[Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (IUPAC)|Red Book]]. For example, the name [[Sodium carbonate|sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃)]] tells us the compound is made of [[sodium]] and [[Carbonate|carbonate ion]]s, while [[Dinitrogen tetroxide|dinitrogen tetroxide (N₂O₄)]] tells us the molecule has two nitrogen atoms and four oxygen atoms. The Red Book also explains how to name tricky molecules like [[hexaaquacobalt(III) chloride]], which has a metal ion (cobalt) surrounded by six water molecules, plus some chloride ions. Another important area is [[organic chemistry]], which is all about carbon-based molecules. These are the kinds of molecules found in [[living thing]]s, [[Fossil fuel|fuel]]s, [[plastic]]s, and [[medicine]]s. The guide for naming them is called the Blue Book. It shows how to name compounds based on how many carbon atoms they have, what special parts (called functional groups) are attached, like alcohols or acids, and where those parts are located. For example, [[butane]] (C₄H₁₀) is a simple fuel, and ethanoic acid is a small acid also known as [[acetic acid]] (the main ingredient in [[vinegar]]). The Blue Book also teaches how to name molecules with double or triple bonds, or with special shapes, like [[Cis-trans isomerism|cis-trans isomers]] (where parts of the molecule are on the same or opposite sides) or [[Stereocenter|chiral center]]s (which affect how the molecule behaves in 3D). It even covers advanced molecules like [[Ring (chemistry)|ring]]s or [[Heterocyclic compound|heterocycles]] (rings that include atoms other than carbon). This is very useful when naming medicines, natural chemicals, and other important biological molecules. Besides the well-known Red Book (for naming [[inorganic compound]]s) and Blue Book (for naming [[organic compound]]s), IUPAC has created other important books to help name chemicals in more specific areas. These books are color-coded too, and each one focuses on a different part of chemistry. The [[Compendium of Polymer Terminology and Nomenclature (IUPAC)|Purple Book]] is all about [[macromolecul]]es and [[polymer]]s. These are very large molecules made from smaller, repeating parts called [[monomer]]s. Examples include plastics and synthetic fibers. Naming these materials can be tricky because the building blocks can be arranged in many different ways, straight chains, loops, or even branching shapes. The Purple Book gives scientists a clear way to name and describe these complex materials so they can talk about them without confusion. The [[Biochemical Nomenclature (IUPAC–IUBMB)|White Book]] is used for [[biochemistry]], the [[chemistry]] of [[living thing]]s. It was made by IUPAC along with another group called the [[International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology|International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB)]]. This book helps name important substances in the body, like [[enzyme]]s, [[amino acid]]s, [[nucleotide]]s, and [[protein]]s. For example, enzymes (which help speed up chemical reactions in the body) are named based on the job they do. Having a clear naming system is very important in [[medicine]] and [[biology]], where it is necessary to know exactly what each molecule does. The [[Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry (IUPAC)|Green Book]] is a little different. Instead of focusing on chemical names, it deals with quantities, units, and symbols used in measurements. So if scientists are talking about [[energy]], [[pressure]], or [[concentration]], the Green Book helps them all use the same words and units, like [[joule]]s, [[Pascal (unit)|pascal]]s, or [[Molarity|moles per liter]]. This is especially important when scientists from different countries work together or share their results in scientific papers. The IUPAC naming system is a big part of how chemists talk about chemicals. These names are not random. They are carefully made to show what a [[molecule]] looks like and how it is built. That way, a chemist anywhere in the world can look at the name and understand the exact structure of the compound. In [[organic chemistry]], for example, the name [[hexane]] tells us a lot. The part "hex-" means there are six carbon atoms, and the "-ane" ending means they are connected with single bonds only. So just from the name, a chemist knows it is a six-carbon chain with hydrogen atoms filling in the rest. Another example is ethanoic acid, which you might know better as [[acetic acid]], the sour chemical in [[vinegar]]. “Ethanoic acid” tells a scientist it has two carbon atoms ("eth-") and a special group called a [[carboxylic acid]] ("-oic acid"). In [[inorganic chemistry]], the names can describe even more complex things. For instance, the compound [Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻ is called [[hexacyanoferrate(II)]]. That may sound tricky, but it actually gives a lot of helpful information. It tells us the metal in the center is iron, there are six cyanide ions around it ("hexacyano"), and the iron has a +2 charge (that’s what the Roman numeral II means). If someone just called it “iron cyanide,” it would not give nearly as much detail. IUPAC names also help describe molecules in 3D, which is important because some molecules act differently depending on how their atoms are arranged in space. For example, a molecule called (R)-2-butanol is a type of [[Alcohol (chemistry)|alcohol]] with four carbon atoms, and the “2-” tells us the –OH group is on the second [[carbon]]. The “R” means the atoms are arranged in a specific 3D shape. If they were arranged the other way, it would be called (S)-2-butanol,same atoms, but different shape and behavior. One important thing to know about the IUPAC naming system is that it is not set in stone. It changes and improves over time, just like science does. Chemistry is always moving forward. Scientists keep discovering new substances, creating new materials, and finding better ways to study molecules. Because of this, the rules for naming chemicals also have to keep up. For example, when scientists create a new element in the lab, IUPAC gives it an official name and symbol. That’s how elements like [[Oganesson|oganesson (Og)]] and [[Livermorium|livermorium (Lv)]] were added to the [[periodic table]]. These names were chosen and approved by IUPAC after careful checking. Also, when researchers find new kinds of chemical structures or bonding patterns, IUPAC updates its rules so those can be named properly too. To keep everyone on the same page, IUPAC publishes updated versions of its important reference books. These include the Red Book for [[inorganic chemistry]], the Blue Book for organic chemistry, the Green Book for [[Unit of measurement|unit]]s and symbols, and the Gold Book, which explains key terms in chemistry. Every new edition includes the latest scientific knowledge and helps chemists use the best and most accurate names. These updates are especially important now that so much chemistry is done using [[computer]]s and digital tools. IUPAC works to make sure its naming systems also work with software, using formats like [[International Chemical Identifier|InChI]] and [[Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System|SMILES]], which are ways to write chemical structures that computers can understand. Because of these changes, chemists all over the world, whether working in labs or on computers, can communicate clearly and accurately. === Numerical and Structural Identifiers === ==== CAS Registry Numbers ==== [[File:Cascommonchemistry2022.png|thumb|Screenshot of the CAS Common Chemistry database with information about [[caffeine]] ([https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=58-08-2 58-08-2]).]] The [[Chemical Abstracts Service|Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)]] is part of the [[American Chemical Society]], and it was created to help scientists keep track of all the new chemicals being discovered. Chemistry is a huge field, and new substances are found or created all the time. CAS helps organize all this information so scientists do not get overwhelmed or confused. Since it started in the early 1900s, CAS has become one of the most important organizations for keeping records about [[chemical]]s. It runs a giant, constantly updated database called the CAS Registry. This database has information on millions of different substances, not just everyday chemicals, but also rare [[Chemical compound|compound]]s, [[mixture]]s, [[plastic]]s, [[isotope]]s, [[metal]]s, and even biological molecules like [[DNA]] and [[protein]]s. One of the most useful things in the CAS Registry is something called the [[CAS Registry Number]]. This is a special number given to every chemical in the [[database]], kind of like an ID number. Unlike chemical names, which can be long or might change over time, a CAS number is simple and never changes. It is made up of numbers with hyphens, like 58-08-2, which is the CAS number for [[caffeine]]. These numbers do not tell you what the chemical is made of, they are just a unique code for each substance, like a [[fingerprint]] or [[license plate]]. What makes them really useful is that they work the same way in every [[country]] and every [[language]]. So even if people call a chemical by different names in different places, they can all understand each other by using the CAS number. Even though CAS Registry Numbers are not part of the official naming rules for chemicals, they are still very important. These numbers act like permanent ID tags for each [[chemical substance]]. If the name of a chemical changes because of new discoveries or updates to naming rules, its CAS number stays the same. That’s what makes them so useful for keeping track of chemicals. CAS numbers are especially helpful in places where accuracy and safety really matter, like in [[database]]s, legal papers, safety documents, and international rules. They make sure that everyone is talking about the same exact substance, even if the name is different. One big reason CAS numbers are so helpful is that they prevent confusion. A single [[chemical]] can have many names: a long scientific name, a common name, and even a brand name. But it will always have only one CAS number. That means [[scientist]]s, [[Company|companies]], and [[government]]s can all be sure they are referring to the right substance, no matter what language they speak or what name they use. CAS numbers are used in many important and practical ways. One place you will often see them is on [[Safety Data Sheets|Safety Data Sheets (SDS)]]. These are official documents that explain how to safely handle a chemical, what dangers it might have, and what to do in an emergency. Many countries require these sheets by law, and the CAS number makes sure the safety information is matched to the exact right chemical. Government groups like the [[U.S. Environmental Protection Agency|U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)]], the [[European Chemicals Agency|European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)]], and the [[United Nations]] also use CAS numbers. They help these organizations track and regulate chemicals to keep people and the environment safe. In the [[chemical industry]], companies use CAS numbers in catalogs, shipping labels, and inventory systems. This helps avoid mistakes when dealing with thousands of different substances. CAS numbers make it clear exactly which chemical is being used or shipped. CAS numbers are also used in online research tools like [[SciFinder]], [[PubChem]], and [[Reaxys]]. If you type in a CAS number, you can quickly find details about a chemical’s structure, uses, properties, and even scientific studies about it. ====International Chemical Identifier (InChI)==== [[Image:Morphin - Morphine.svg|thumb|right|[[Morphine]] has the structure shown above. The standard InChI for morphine is <code>InChI=1S/C17H19NO3/c1-18-7-6-17-10-3-5-13(20)16(17)21-15-12(19)4-2-9(14(15)17)8-11(10)18/h2-5,10-11,13,16,19-20H,6-8H2,1H3/t10-,11+,13-,16-,17-/m0/s1</code>.<ref name=morphine>{{cite web |title = InChI=1/C17H19NO3/c1-18... |publisher = [[Chemspider]] |url = http://www.chemspider.com/RecordView.aspx?id=5760 |access-date = 2007-09-18}}</ref>]] The [[International Chemical Identifier|International Chemical Identifier (InChI)]] is a special kind of [[code]] that describes what a chemical molecule looks like, using just text. It was created by [[IUPAC]] and the [[National Institute of Standards and Technology|National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)]] to help scientists and even computers, share and search for chemical information more easily online. Instead of using traditional chemical names, which can change depending on language or naming style, InChI gives each substance a unique string of characters that is based on its actual molecular structure. This means every chemical has one clear identity that is the same everywhere in the world. InChI is really smart because it breaks down a [[molecule]] into layers of information. It shows how the atoms are connected, where the [[Hydrogen|hydrogen atom]]s are, whether the molecule can change forms (called [[Tautomerism|tautomer]]s), what its 3D shape is ([[stereochemistry]]), and if there are any [[isotope]]s (atoms of the same element with different weights). All this is packed into a line of text that looks like this for [[ethanol]]: <code>InChI=1S/C2H6O/c1-2-3/h3H,2H2,1H3</code>. Even though this might look like random letters and numbers, it is a standardized code. That means no matter who or where you are in the world, if you describe the same chemical structure, you will get the same InChI. This helps computers, databases, and search engines quickly recognize and organize chemical information without any confusion. The InChI system is so detailed that it can tell the difference between molecules that have the same atoms but are arranged in different ways. These are called [[Isomerism|isomer]]s or [[Tautomerism|tautomer]]s, and even small changes in their structure can make a big difference in how they behave. Because InChI captures these tiny differences, it is really useful in [[computational chemistry]], chemical databases, and online science journals, where being exact really matters. But sometimes, the full InChI string, especially for large or complex molecules, can get very long and hard to use. To make things easier, scientists created a shorter version called the [[International Chemical Identifier|InChIKey]]. This is a 27-character code made of letters and numbers. Think of it like a digital fingerprint for the full InChI, short, fast, and easy to search. The InChIKey of [[ethanol]] is: <code>LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N</code>. One thing to know is that the InChIKey is a “hash,” which means it is a one-way code. You cannot turn it back into the full chemical structure, but that’s okay. Its main job is to quickly and uniquely identify a molecule, kind of like a [[barcode]] at the store. InChI and InChIKey are now very important tools that help chemists organize and share chemical information online. These special codes act like a universal language for chemicals, making it easy to connect information across different websites and databases, like [[PubChem]], [[ChemSpider]], [[Reaxys]], and [[Chemical Abstracts Service|CAS]]. If a chemist wants to look up a substance, they can search using its InChI or InChIKey and quickly find everything about it, like its structure, uses, properties, and safety info, even if each website uses different naming styles. That’s because the InChI and InChIKey do not change, no matter what country or system is being used. These tools are also very useful for chemical search engines and [[Artificial intelligence|AI (artificial intelligence) program]]s. For example, AI systems that help discover new medicines or materials use InChI and InChIKey to make sure they’re looking at the right molecules and comparing them correctly. They even help with something called the [[semantic web]], which is a way for computers to better understand and connect information on the [[internet]]. Because of InChI and InChIKey, different software programs can “talk” to each other more clearly and avoid mistakes, like mixing up two chemicals with similar names. ====SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System)==== [[Image:SMILES.png|thumb|class=skin-invert-image|300px|SMILES generation algorithm for [[ciprofloxacin]].]] SMILES stands for [[Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System]]. It is a way for chemists to write the structure of a molecule using just letters, numbers, and symbols, instead of drawing it out with lines and shapes. This makes it much easier to type, store, and share chemical information using [[computer]]s. SMILES was invented in the 1980s by a scientist named [[David Weininger]]. He wanted to make it easier for chemists to work with digital tools and [[database]]s. With SMILES, chemists can describe how atoms are connected in a [[molecule]] using a single line of text. This system is very useful in a field called [[cheminformatics]], which is the use of computers to study [[chemistry]]. SMILES makes it possible for software to search, compare, and analyze chemical structures quickly. Because SMILES codes are short and easy for computers to read, they are used in things like chemical databases, AI programs for drug design, and virtual modeling of molecules. In SMILES, scientists write the structure of a molecule using simple text characters that follow special rules. Each atom is shown by its chemical symbol, like C for [[carbon]], O for [[oxygen]], and N for [[nitrogen]]. Bonds between atoms are shown in easy ways too. If two atoms are joined by a [[single bond]], you just write them next to each other, like CC for two carbon atoms. A [[double bond]] is shown with an [[equals sign]] (=), and a [[triple bond]] is shown with a hash symbol (#). For example, the molecule [[ethanol]] (which is found in [[alcoholic drink]]s) has the formula CH₃CH₂OH, and in SMILES it is written as CCO. The first C is the first carbon, the second C is the second carbon connected to it, and the O is the oxygen connected to the second carbon. Another example, is the molecule [[ethene]] (C₂H₄), which has two carbon atoms connected by a double bond. In SMILES, it is written as C=C, with the equal sign (=) showing the double bond between the two carbon atoms. SMILES can also handle more complicated molecules, like ones with branches or rings. If a molecule has branches (atoms that stick off the main chain), SMILES uses parentheses to show them. For example, [[Isopropyl alcohol|isopropanol]], a type of alcohol, is written as CC(C)O. This means the second carbon has another carbon (the branch) attached to it, and then there's an oxygen (–OH group). For ring-shaped molecules, SMILES uses numbers to show where the ring starts and ends. For example, [[cyclohexane]], which is a ring of six carbon atoms, is written as C1CCCCC1. The number “1” tells you that the first and last carbon atoms are connected to form a ring. These clever rules let chemists write very complex molecules as a simple line of text, which is great for using with computers, databases, and software. One of the best things about SMILES is that it is helpful for both people and computers. Chemists can often look at a simple SMILES string and understand what molecule it represents. For example, CCO shows two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom, this is the SMILES code for [[ethanol]]. At the same time, computers can take a SMILES string and turn it into a full 2D or 3D picture of the [[molecule]]. They can also use the SMILES code to search for similar molecules, or even predict properties like [[boiling point]], how well the substance dissolves, or how it might behave in the body. This makes SMILES very powerful in science and research. It is especially useful in things like drug discovery, chemical modeling, and virtual screening, where scientists work with huge collections of molecules stored in computers. Because SMILES codes are short and simple, it is easy to store, search, and compare thousands or even millions of compounds quickly. There are also special versions of SMILES, like Canonical SMILES, which always write the same molecule in just one specific way. This helps avoid confusion in chemical databases, so the same compound is not entered more than once by mistake. SMILES can also include extra details, like the 3D shape of the molecule (called [[stereochemistry]]) using the @ symbol, or the exact kind of [[atom]], like an [[isotope]], using extra numbers and symbols. Even though SMILES has its own rules and takes some time to learn, many people find it easier and shorter to use than long IUPAC chemical names, especially when working with [[computer]]s. ===Other Specialized Naming Systems=== {{multiple image | width = 180 | footer = The INN system gives each medicine one official name that’s used around the world. "[[Paracetamol]]" is the INN for this common [[painkiller]], so people everywhere know it by the same name. | image1 = Paracetamol-skeletal.svg | alt1 = Skeletal formula of paracetamol | caption1 = | image2 = Paracetamol-from-xtal-3D-balls.png | alt2 = Ball-and-stick model of paracetamol | caption2 = | image3 = Paracetamol-from-xtal-3D-vdW.png | alt3 = Van der Waals model of paracetamol | caption3 = }} Outside of the IUPAC system, there are other ways to name [[chemical]]s, especially when the goal is to make names easier to use and understand. IUPAC names are great for being precise, but they can sometimes be very long and complicated. This can be a problem in areas like [[medicine]], [[public health]], or [[industry]], where people need simple names they can use in daily life, especially if they are not chemists. One important naming system is called the [[International Nonproprietary Names|International Nonproprietary Names (INN) system]]. It is run by the [[World Health Organization|World Health Organization (WHO)]] and is used to create simple, standard names for medicines. These names are not brand names. They are meant to be generic so anyone around the world can use them. INN names are made using special parts of words called stems, which give clues about what the [[drug]] does. For example, drugs that end in “-pril” are usually used to treat [[Blood pressure|high blood pressure]], while drugs ending in “-olol” are often used for heart conditions. These endings help doctors and pharmacists quickly recognize what kind of medicine it is. In the [[United States]], there is a similar system called [[United States Adopted Names|USAN (United States Adopted Names)]]. It is managed by health organizations like the [[American Medical Association]]. USAN names often match INN names, but they are also chosen to be safe, clear, and easy to remember. Unlike IUPAC names, these drug-naming systems do not try to explain the full chemical structure. Instead, they focus on what the medicine does, how it is used, and how to communicate clearly with healthcare workers and patients. These simpler names help make important medicines more understandable and accessible to everyone. In [[biochemistry]], scientists study important molecules like [[enzyme]]s, [[protein]]s, and [[gene]]s. These molecules are often very large and complicated, so scientists use special naming rules to keep things clear and consistent. These rules are managed by groups like the [[International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology|International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB)]], which works with IUPAC to make sure scientists around the world all use the same system. Instead of focusing only on what the molecule is made of, biochemistry names often tell us what the molecule does or what role it plays in the body. For example, enzymes are proteins that speed up [[chemical reaction]]s. They are named based on the kind of reaction they help with. Enzymes also get special ID numbers called EC numbers (short for [[Enzyme Commission numbers]]). These look like 1.1.1.1, and each part of the number gives information about what type of reaction the enzyme helps with. This helps scientists keep track of thousands of different enzymes, even if some have similar names. Proteins and genes are named in many different ways. Some are named after the diseases they are related to, others are named for their function in [[cell]]s, and some are labeled with just letters and numbers. For example, [[BRCA1]] is a gene related to breast cancer risk, and [[P53|TP53]] is a gene that helps stop [[Neoplasm|tumor]]s from forming. These names do not always tell you what the gene looks like, but they are standardized so scientists everywhere use the same names and do not get confused. To make sure everything stays organized, large projects like the [[Human Genome Project]] keep official lists of gene and protein names. This is especially helpful when comparing genes in different species, like [[human]]s, [[mice]], or [[fruit flies]], because scientists need a clear way to talk about the same gene in different organisms. Another important part of naming chemicals is figuring out how to name [[polymer]]s and [[macromolecule]]s. These are very large molecules made up of smaller parts that repeat, like plastics, rubber, and even biological materials such as [[protein]]s and [[DNA]]. Because polymers can get really big and complicated, scientists have come up with two main ways to name them. Source-based naming is the simpler method. It names the [[polymer]] based on the material it was made from. For example, [[polyethylene]] comes from [[ethylene]], and [[polystyrene]] comes from [[styrene]]. These names are easy to say and remember, which is why we often see them in everyday life, like on plastic containers or [[packaging]]. Structure-based naming is more detailed. It describes the exact repeating parts in the polymer chain. For example, [[Polyethylene glycol|poly[oxyethylene]]] tells us about the repeating part –CH₂CH₂O– inside the molecule. Structure-based names follow special rules made by IUPAC and are useful when scientists need to be very precise. The Purple Book is the official IUPAC guide that explains how to name polymers and macromolecules. But in real-world situations, like in factories, [[advertising]], or [[Label|product labeling]], people usually use the simpler source-based names. That is because polymers can change a lot depending on things like size, branching, or how they were made, and the detailed names can get confusing. Besides IUPAC and common naming systems, scientists and industries use special types of chemical names for specific purposes. These systems are helpful when regular IUPAC names would be too long, too technical, or just not practical. One example is the naming of [[Coordination complex|coordination compound]]s. These are molecules where a metal atom is in the center and surrounded by other atoms or groups called [[ligand]]s. Naming these compounds follows special rules that consider things like what ligands are attached, the [[oxidation state]] of the [[metal]], and the shape of the molecule. For instance, the compound [Co(NH₃)₆]Cl₃ is called [[hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride]]. This name tells a chemist exactly how the molecule is put together, even if it looks tricky at first. In [[geology]] and [[materials science]], scientists use mineral names to talk about natural substances like [[rock]]s, [[crystal]]s, and [[ore]]s. These names often describe what the mineral is made of, its structure, or where and how it was discovered. For example, [[quartz]] is a common mineral made of [[Silicon dioxide|silicon dioxide (SiO₂)]], and [[olivine]] is a group of minerals with a special formula and crystal pattern. These names are approved by experts like the [[International Mineralogical Association]]. In the [[food industry]], [[Food additive|chemical additive]]s are sometimes labeled using E-numbers in [[Europe]]. These are short codes that make it easy to identify safe ingredients like preservatives, [[vitamin]]s, or [[food coloring]]s. For example, E300 is the code for ascorbic acid, which is also known as [[vitamin C]]. These numbers help make food labeling clear and standardized. In [[agriculture]], chemicals like [[pesticide]]s and [[fertilizer]]s are also given special names by global organizations. These names help track the chemicals, ensure safe use, and support [[international trade]]. All of these naming systems are designed to make chemical names more practical and understandable, whether you are a scientist, a farmer, a shopper, or someone reading a food label. Instead of showing the full chemical structure, these names focus on clarity, safety, and usefulness in the real world. == References == {{Reflist|2}} == Other websites == {{Refbegin}} * Interactive [http://goldbook.iupac.org/ IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology] (interactive "Gold Book") * [http://old.iupac.org/publications/books/seriestitles/nomenclature.html IUPAC Nomenclature Books Series] (list of all IUPAC nomenclature books, and means of accessing them) * [http://www.iupac.org/publications/compendium/index.html IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology] ("''Gold Book''") {{Refend}} {{Periodic tables footer}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Chemical Nomenclature}} [[Category:Chemical nomenclature| ]] 8umniwyf1f3ldvsq3hu4ohl3mzopp3v 0 425548 10367987 10277963 2025-07-02T17:39:41Z 38.159.51.145 10367987 wikitext text/x-wiki "'''Will You Be There'''" is a song by American singer and songwriter [[Michael Jackson]] from his 1991 album ''[[Dangerous (Michael Jackson album)|Dangerous]]''. The song, which also serves as the official soundtrack theme for the 1993 movie ''[[Free Willy]]'', touches on themes of love, support, and the desire for companionship, expressing a longing for reassurance from a loved one. Its emotional lyrics and Jackson's powerful vocal delivery make it a memorable track. == Music video == The music video features clips from ''Free Willy'', including footage of Jackson performing the song during the 1992-1993 [[Dangerous World Tour]]. 5dej0fg2rojmwaihw8pc4d615gxl83w 0 425549 10367983 10147415 2025-07-02T17:38:28Z 38.159.51.145 10367983 wikitext text/x-wiki "'''Gone Too Soon'''" is a song made popular by the American singer [[Michael Jackson]]. It was written by [[Larry Gossman]] and [[Buz Kohan]]. The song is included on Jackson's eighth studio album ''[[Dangerous (Michael Jackson album)|Dangerous]]'' (1991). ==Performances== In 1993, Jackson performed it at the celebration for [[Bill Clinton]] becoming the [[President of the United States]]. Jackson's version of "Gone Too Soon" was dedicated to the memory of Jackson's friend [[Ryan White]], a teenager from [[Kokomo, Indiana]] who came to national attention, after being expelled from his school for having [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]]. In 1997, when [[Diana, Princess of Wales|Princess Diana]] died, Jackson let the song be put on an album called ''Tribute''. The album was a collection of songs made to remember her. The money made from the album was given to the Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund. [[Usher (musician)|Usher]] performed the song at Jackson's memorial service in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1615448/usher-sings-gone-too-soon-at-michael-jackson-memorial/|title=Usher Sings 'Gone Too Soon' At Michael Jackson Memorial|first=Eric|last=Ditzian|website=MTV News|access-date=2019-02-15|archive-date=2017-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709040607/http://www.mtv.com/news/1615448/usher-sings-gone-too-soon-at-michael-jackson-memorial/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Michael Jackson songs}} [[Category:1993 songs]] [[Category:1990s ballads]] [[Category:Pop ballads]] [[Category:Michael Jackson songs]] {{music-stub}} s4u1gloq2uwot9xa7u9ied0rig5p1bp 0 425593 10367804 10346548 2025-07-02T15:31:36Z CallumBen13 1611993 10367804 wikitext text/x-wiki '''"Do the Bartman"''' is a 1990 song performed by [[Bart Simpson]]. The song is from the 1990 album ''[[The Simpsons Sing the Blues]]''. The song was released in late 1990. It charted in many countries. It reached #1 in Ireland.<ref>{{cite web|title=Do the Bartman|publisher=Charts.org|url=http://charts.org.nz/showitem.asp?interpret=The+Simpsons&titel=Do+The+Bartman&cat=s|access-date=June 15, 2025|archive-date=September 4, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904184327/http://charts.org.nz/showitem.asp?interpret=The+Simpsons&titel=Do+The+Bartman&cat=s|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==References== <references/> [[Category:Hip hop songs]] [[Category:1990 songs]] [[Category:The Simpsons]] {{music-stub}} jn02jftbajwfh0cwku6p3p3qm0a4i3w 0 426436 10369290 10358893 2025-07-03T09:29:24Z BlackJack 572554 Added {{[[Template:cleanup|cleanup]]}}, {{[[Template:copyedit|copyedit]]}} and {{[[Template:more sources|more sources]]}} tags (within {{[[Template:multiple issues|multiple issues]]}}) to article ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiple issues| {{cleanup|reason=|date=July 2025}} {{copyedit|date=July 2025}} {{more sources|date=July 2025}} }} '''Sri Lankan Cricket Team''' is the national [[cricket]] team of [[Sri Lanka]]. There have been a number of cricket playing [[:wikt:legends|legends]] from Sri Lanka. Two of the most famous players were [[Kumar Sangakkara]] and [[Sanath Jayasuriya]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/teams/men/13/sri-lanka/overview|title=Sri Lanka's Mens Cricket Team {{!}} World Cup 2019 {{!}} ICC|website=www.icc-cricket.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-17|archive-date=2023-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711222938/https://www.icc-cricket.com/teams/men/13/sri-lanka/overview|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/49209.html|title=Sanath Jayasuriya Player Profile|publisher=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> ==2025 developments== In May 2025, veteran all-rounder Angelo Mathews announced his retirement from Test cricket, confirming that the first Test against Bangladesh in June would be his last. Mathews made his debut in 2009 and played 119 Test matches, scoring 8,167 runs at an average of 44.62, with 16 centuries.<ref name="Reuters2025">{{cite web |title=Sri Lanka's Mathews to quit Tests after Bangladesh match |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/cricket/sri-lankas-mathews-quit-tests-after-bangladesh-match-2025-05-23/ |publisher=Reuters |date=23 May 2025 |access-date=25 May 2025}}</ref> Sri Lanka's Test calendar for 2025 consists of only four matches—two against Australia and two against Bangladesh. Mathews expressed concern over the declining focus on Test cricket in the country.<ref name="IE2025">{{cite web |title=‘Absolutely shocked’: Angelo Mathews stunned by Sri Lanka’s 2025 Test schedule |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/only-4-tests-in-2025-angelo-mathews-absolutely-shocked-by-sri-lankas-2025-cricket-schedule-9763459/ |publisher=Indian Express |date=24 May 2025 |access-date=25 May 2025}}</ref> Additionally, Sri Lanka did not qualify for the 2025 ICC Champions Trophy, with the top eight ODI teams securing places. The qualified teams include Australia, England, India, New Zealand, Pakistan, South Africa, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan.<ref name="WisdenCT2025">{{cite web |title=Explained: Why Sri Lanka aren’t in the 2025 Champions Trophy |url=https://www.wisden.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2025/cricket-news/explained-why-sri-lanka-arent-in-the-2025-champions-trophy |publisher=Wisden |access-date=25 May 2025}}</ref> Sri Lanka is set to host Bangladesh from 17 June to 16 July 2025 for a full series comprising two Tests, three ODIs, and three T20Is. The Test matches will be part of the 2025–2027 ICC World Test Championship cycle.<ref name="ESPNBanglaTour">{{cite web |title=Bangladesh tour of Sri Lanka 2025 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/bangladesh-tour-of-sri-lanka-2025-1369947 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=25 May 2025}}</ref> In April 2025, Sri Lanka A won the UAE Tri-Nation Series involving Afghanistan A and Ireland Wolves, with Tharindu Rathnayake emerging as the leading wicket-taker (13 wickets).<ref name="ESPNUAE2025">{{cite web |title=UAE Tri-Nation Series 2025 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/uae-tri-nation-series-2025-1370013 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=25 May 2025}}</ref> Kusal Mendis, a regular international player, made headlines for withdrawing from the Pakistan Super League (PSL) 2025 due to safety concerns. He later joined the Gujarat Titans in the Indian Premier League (IPL).<ref name="IndiaTimesMendis">{{cite web |title=‘Pakistan never safe for Sri Lankan players’: Fans react to Kusal Mendis joining IPL after exiting PSL |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/pakistan-never-safe-for-sri-lankan-players-cricket-fans-react-to-kusal-mendis-leaving-psl-only-to-join-gt-for-ipl-2025-return-659043.html |publisher=India Times |access-date=25 May 2025}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{National sports teams of Sri Lanka}} [[Category:Cricket teams in Sri Lanka]] [[Category:National sports teams of Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Test cricket teams]] [[Category:Men's national cricket teams]] {{sports-stub}} hswrw7uzqlps7b8gc18sjvzxt8znnir 0 427595 10368105 10367485 2025-07-02T19:05:31Z 2001:569:BC15:6100:7412:A1EA:F9E0:D569 10368105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}}{{Infobox album | name = Up All Night | type = studio | artist = [[One Direction]] | cover = | border = yes | alt = | released = 18 November 2011 | recorded = | studio = Los Angeles, London, and Stockholm | genre = [[Pop music|Pop]] | length = 45:56 | label = * [[Syco Music|Syco]] * [[Columbia Records|Columbia]] | producer = * Ash Howes * BeatGeek * [[Brian Rawling]] * [[Carl Falk]] * Jimmy Joker * [[Matt Squire]] * Paul Meehan * [[Rami Yacoub]] * [[RedOne]] * [[Biffco|Richard "Biff" Stannard]] * [[Savan Kotecha]] * [[Sheppard Solomon|Shep Solomon]] * [[Steve Mac]] * [[Steve Robson]] * [[Toby Gad]] * Tom Meredith | next_title = [[Take Me Home (One Direction album)|Take Me Home]] | next_year = 2012 | misc = {{Singles | name = Up All Night | type = Studio | single1 = [[What Makes You Beautiful (One Direction song)|What Makes You Beautiful]] | single1date = 11 September 2011 | single2 = [[Gotta Be You (One Direction song)|Gotta Be You]] | single2date = 11 November 2011 | single3 = [[One Thing (One Direction song)|One Thing]] | single3date = 6 January 2012 | single4 = [[More Than This (One Direction song)|More Than This]] | single4date = 25 May 2012 }} }} '''''Up All Night''''' is the first studio album by English-Irish boy band [[One Direction]]. It was released in November 18, 2011 in Ireland and the UK,<ref>{{cite web|date=30 November 2011|title=One Direction Announces U.S. Album Release Date|url=https://www.j-14.com/posts/one-direction-announces-u-s-album-release-date-4875/|publisher=}}</ref> and worldwide in 2012 by [[Syco Music|Syco Records]]. Just four months after placing third on the seventh season of ''[[The X Factor (British TV series)|The X Factor]]'' in December 2010, the group began recording the album in Sweden, the UK, and the US with various writers and producers. The songs are about [[youth]], [[Interpersonal relationship|relationships]], [[heartbreak]], and [[confidence]]. The album received mostly positive reviews, with critics praising its catchy [[Pop music|pop]] sound and strong [[Melody|melodies]]. It debuted at number two on the [[UK Albums Chart]] and became the fastest-selling debut album in the UK in 2011. In the US, it entered the [[Billboard 200]] at number one, selling 176,000 copies in its first week. It was a global hit, topping charts in 16 countries. According to the [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI]], it was the third best-selling album worldwide in 2012, with 4.5 million copies sold.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wayback Machine|url=http://www.aria.com.au/documents/RIN2013.pdf|access-date=2025-07-02|website=www.aria.com.au}}</ref> ==Track listing== {{Track listing | headline = ''Up All Night'' track listing | extra_column = Producer(s) | total_length = 45:56 | title1 = [[What Makes You Beautiful]] | writer1 = {{flatlist| * [[Rami Yacoub]] * [[Carl Falk]] * [[Savan Kotecha]] }} | extra1 = {{flatlist| * Yacoub * Falk }} | length1 = 3:21 | title2 = [[Gotta Be You (One Direction song)|Gotta Be You]] | writer2 = {{flatlist| * [[Steve Mac]] * [[August Rigo]] }} | extra2 = Steve Mac | length2 = 4:06 | title3 = [[One Thing (One Direction song)|One Thing]] | writer3 = {{flatlist| * Yacoub * Falk * Kotecha }} | extra3 = {{flatlist| * Yacoub * Falk }} | length3 = 3:19 | title4 = [[More than This (One Direction song)|More than This]] | writer4 = [[Jamie Scott]] | extra4 = {{flatlist| * [[Brian Rawling]] * Paul Meehan }} | length4 = 3:50 | title5 = Up All Night | writer5 = {{flatlist| * Kotecha * [[Matt Squire]] }} | extra5 = Matt Squire | length5 = 3:16 | title6 = I Wish | writer6 = {{flatlist| * Yacoub * Falk * Kotecha }} | extra6 = {{flatlist| * Yacoub * Falk }} | length6 = 3:38 | title7 = Tell Me a Lie | writer7 = {{flatlist| * [[Kelly Clarkson]] * Tom Meredith * [[Sheppard Solomon|Shep Solomon]] }} | extra7 = {{flatlist| * Meredith * Solomon }} | length7 = 3:19 | title8 = Taken | writer8 = {{flatlist| * [[Toby Gad]] * [[Lindy Robbins]] * [[Harry Styles]] * [[Liam Payne]] * [[Louis Tomlinson]] * [[Niall Horan]] * [[Zayn Malik]] }} | extra8 = Gad | length8 = 3:59 | title9 = I Want | writer9 = [[Tom Fletcher]] | extra9 = {{flatlist| * [[Biffco|Richard "Biff" Stannard]] * Ash Howes }} | length9 = 2:55 | title10 = Everything About You | writer10 = {{flatlist| * [[Steve Robson]] * [[Wayne Hector]] * Styles * Payne * Tomlinson * Horan * Malik }} | extra10 = Robson | length10 = 3:39 | title11 = Same Mistakes | writer11 = {{flatlist| * Robson * Hector * Styles * Payne * Tomlinson * Horan * Malik }} | extra11 = Robson | length11 = 3:40 | title12 = Save You Tonight | writer12 = {{flatlist| * Kotecha * [[RedOne|Nadir Khayat]] * BeatGeek * Jimmy Joker * Teddy Sky * [[AJ Junior|Achraf Jannusi]] * [[Porcelain Black|Alaina Beaton]] }} | extra12 = {{flatlist| * Khayat * BeatGeek * Joker }} | length12 = 3:27 | title13 = Stole My Heart | writer13 = {{flatlist| * Scott * Meehan }} | extra13 = {{flatlist| * Rawling * Meehan }} | length13 = 3:27 }} <!-- Do not capitalise or italicise the following track listings. "Bonus tracks" in no way need capitals, and they certainly do not need to be italicised. They are not titles of albums, merely differentiating editions.--> {{Track listing | headline = Limited yearbook edition bonus tracks | extra_column = Producer(s) | title14 = Stand Up | length14 = 2:53 | writer14 = {{flatlist| * [[Roy Stride]] * Josh Wilkinson }} | extra14 = Stannard | title15 = [[Moments (One Direction song)|Moments]] | length15 = 4:22 | writer15 = {{Flatlist| * [[Ed Sheeran]] * Si Hulbert }} | extra15 = Hulbert }} {{Track listing | headline = Australian, Mexican, Philippines and New Zealand souvenir edition and Japanese edition | extra_column = Producer(s) | total_length = 63:23 | title14 = Stand Up | writer14 = {{flatlist| * Stride * Wilkinson }} | extra14 = Stannard | length14 = 2:56 | title15 = [[Moments (One Direction song)|Moments]] | writer15 = {{flatlist| * Sheeran * Hulbert }} | extra15 = Hulbert | length15 = 4:22 | title16 = Another World | writer16 = {{flatlist| * Jannusi * [[Bilal Hajji]] * Eric Sanicola * Geo Slam * Khayat * Sky }} | extra16 = Khayat | length16 = 3:25 | title17 = Na Na Na | writer17 = {{flatlist| * Iain James * Kotecha * James Murray * Squire * Mustapha Omer }} | extra17 = Matt Squire | length17 = 3:07 | title18 = I Should Have Kissed You | writer18 = {{flatlist| * Robson * [[Ina Wroldsen]] }} | extra18 = Robson | length18 = 3:36 }} {{Track listing | headline = American edition alternative track<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B006ZZAMWK |title=Up All Night: One Direction: Music |website=Amazon |access-date=21 March 2012 |archive-date=10 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110102612/https://www.amazon.com/dp/B006ZZAMWK |url-status=live }}</ref> | extra_column = Producer(s) | title2 = [[Gotta Be You (One Direction song)|Gotta Be You]] | note2 = 2012 US version | writer2 = {{flatlist| * Mac * Rigo }} | extra2 = Mac | length2 = 4:04 }} {{Track listing | headline = Italian special edition bonus tracks<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.de/dp/B006W5PM1O |title=Up All Night [Italian Edition&#93;: One Direction: Amazon.de: Musik |website=Amazon Germany |date=9 September 2009 |access-date=21 March 2012 |archive-date=10 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110102554/https://www.amazon.de/dp/B006W5PM1O |url-status=live }}</ref> | extra_column = Producer(s) | title14 = Another World | writer14 = {{flatlist| * Jannusi * Hajji * Sanicola * Slam * Khayat * Sky }} | extra14 = Khayat | length14 = 3:23 | title15 = Na Na Na | writer15 = {{flatlist| * James * Kotecha * Murray * Squire * Omer }} | extra15 = Squire | length15 = 3:05 }} {{Track listing | headline = German edition additional tracks<ref>{{cite web |title=One Direction - Up All Night |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510220807/http://www.sonymusic.de/One-Direction/Up-All-Night/P/2574367/B/88691983762 |website=Sony Music Entertainment Germany GmbH |access-date=June 2, 2025}}</ref> | extra_column = Producer(s) | title14 = Another World | writer14 = {{flatlist| * Jannusi * Hajji * Sanicola * Slam * Khayat * Sky }} | extra14 = Khayat | length14 = 3:24 | title15 = Na Na Na | writer15 = {{flatlist| * James * Kotecha * Murray * Squire * Omer }} | extra15 = Squire | length15 = 3:06 | title16 = I Should Have Kissed You | writer16 = {{flatlist| * Robson * Wroldsen }} | extra16 = Robson | length16 = 3:36 }} ==Personnel== (Credits taken from [[AllMusic]]<ref>{{Citation|title=Up All Night - One Direction {{!}} Album {{!}} AllMusic|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/up-all-night-mw0002246441|language=en|access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref> and ''Up All Night''{{'}}s [[liner notes]].) {{Div col|colwidth=}} * Beatgeek – producer * Orlando Calzada – mixing * Tom Coyne – mastering * [[Carl Falk]] – producer * Matt Furmidge – mixing * [[Josh Devine]] – drums * Chris Galland – assistant * Jon Shone – keyboards, various instruments * Dan Richards – guitar * [[Sandy Beales]] – bass guitar * [[Serban Ghenea|Şerban Ghenea]] – mixing * Chris Gray – illustrations * John Hanes – mixing * [[Niall Horan]] – guitar, vocals * Ash Howes – mixing, producer * Jimmy Joker – producer * [[Savan Kotecha]] – producer * [[Steve Mac]] – arranger, producer * Eric Madrid – assistant * [[Zayn Malik]] – vocals * Manny Marroquin – mixing * Paul Meehan – producer * Tom Meredith – producer * [[Liam Payne]] – vocals * [[Brian Rawling]] – producer * [[RedOne]] – producer * [[Steve Robson]] – producer * Phil Seaford – assistant * [[Sheppard Solomon|Shep Solomon]] – producer * [[Matt Squire]] – composer, producer * [[Biffco|Richard Stannard]] – producer * [[Harry Styles]] – vocals * Lou Teasdale – hairstylist, make-up * [[Louis Tomlinson]] – vocals * John Urbano – photography * Caroline Watson – stylist * [[Rami Yacoub]] – producer * Avril Mackintosh – vocal recording and Pro Tools editing {{Div col end}} ==References== {{reflist}} {{One Direction}} [[Category:One Direction albums]] [[Category:2011 albums]] [[Category:Pop albums]] bl9i2aimrhwg3ntmigzsycfysjd716u 10368106 10368105 2025-07-02T19:06:23Z 2001:569:BC15:6100:7412:A1EA:F9E0:D569 10368106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}}{{Infobox album | name = Up All Night | type = studio | artist = [[One Direction]] | cover = | border = yes | alt = | released = 18 November 2011 | recorded = | studio = Los Angeles, London, and Stockholm | genre = [[Pop music|Pop]] | length = 45:56 | label = * [[Syco Music|Syco]] * [[Columbia Records|Columbia]] | producer = * Ash Howes * BeatGeek * [[Brian Rawling]] * [[Carl Falk]] * Jimmy Joker * [[Matt Squire]] * Paul Meehan * [[Rami Yacoub]] * [[RedOne]] * [[Biffco|Richard "Biff" Stannard]] * [[Savan Kotecha]] * [[Sheppard Solomon|Shep Solomon]] * [[Steve Mac]] * [[Steve Robson]] * [[Toby Gad]] * Tom Meredith | next_title = [[Take Me Home (One Direction album)|Take Me Home]] | next_year = 2012 | misc = {{Singles | name = Up All Night | type = Studio | single1 = [[What Makes You Beautiful]] | single1date = 11 September 2011 | single2 = [[Gotta Be You]] | single2date = 11 November 2011 | single3 = [[One Thing]] | single3date = 6 January 2012 | single4 = [[More Than This (One Direction song)|More Than This]] | single4date = 25 May 2012 }} }} '''''Up All Night''''' is the first studio album by English-Irish boy band [[One Direction]]. It was released in November 18, 2011 in Ireland and the UK,<ref>{{cite web|date=30 November 2011|title=One Direction Announces U.S. Album Release Date|url=https://www.j-14.com/posts/one-direction-announces-u-s-album-release-date-4875/|publisher=}}</ref> and worldwide in 2012 by [[Syco Music|Syco Records]]. Just four months after placing third on the seventh season of ''[[The X Factor (British TV series)|The X Factor]]'' in December 2010, the group began recording the album in Sweden, the UK, and the US with various writers and producers. The songs are about [[youth]], [[Interpersonal relationship|relationships]], [[heartbreak]], and [[confidence]]. The album received mostly positive reviews, with critics praising its catchy [[Pop music|pop]] sound and strong [[Melody|melodies]]. It debuted at number two on the [[UK Albums Chart]] and became the fastest-selling debut album in the UK in 2011. In the US, it entered the [[Billboard 200]] at number one, selling 176,000 copies in its first week. It was a global hit, topping charts in 16 countries. According to the [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI]], it was the third best-selling album worldwide in 2012, with 4.5 million copies sold.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wayback Machine|url=http://www.aria.com.au/documents/RIN2013.pdf|access-date=2025-07-02|website=www.aria.com.au}}</ref> ==Track listing== {{Track listing | headline = ''Up All Night'' track listing | extra_column = Producer(s) | total_length = 45:56 | title1 = [[What Makes You Beautiful]] | writer1 = {{flatlist| * [[Rami Yacoub]] * [[Carl Falk]] * [[Savan Kotecha]] }} | extra1 = {{flatlist| * Yacoub * Falk }} | length1 = 3:21 | title2 = [[Gotta Be You (One Direction song)|Gotta Be You]] | writer2 = {{flatlist| * [[Steve Mac]] * [[August Rigo]] }} | extra2 = Steve Mac | length2 = 4:06 | title3 = [[One Thing (One Direction song)|One Thing]] | writer3 = {{flatlist| * Yacoub * Falk * Kotecha }} | extra3 = {{flatlist| * Yacoub * Falk }} | length3 = 3:19 | title4 = [[More than This (One Direction song)|More than This]] | writer4 = [[Jamie Scott]] | extra4 = {{flatlist| * [[Brian Rawling]] * Paul Meehan }} | length4 = 3:50 | title5 = Up All Night | writer5 = {{flatlist| * Kotecha * [[Matt Squire]] }} | extra5 = Matt Squire | length5 = 3:16 | title6 = I Wish | writer6 = {{flatlist| * Yacoub * Falk * Kotecha }} | extra6 = {{flatlist| * Yacoub * Falk }} | length6 = 3:38 | title7 = Tell Me a Lie | writer7 = {{flatlist| * [[Kelly Clarkson]] * Tom Meredith * [[Sheppard Solomon|Shep Solomon]] }} | extra7 = {{flatlist| * Meredith * Solomon }} | length7 = 3:19 | title8 = Taken | writer8 = {{flatlist| * [[Toby Gad]] * [[Lindy Robbins]] * [[Harry Styles]] * [[Liam Payne]] * [[Louis Tomlinson]] * [[Niall Horan]] * [[Zayn Malik]] }} | extra8 = Gad | length8 = 3:59 | title9 = I Want | writer9 = [[Tom Fletcher]] | extra9 = {{flatlist| * [[Biffco|Richard "Biff" Stannard]] * Ash Howes }} | length9 = 2:55 | title10 = Everything About You | writer10 = {{flatlist| * [[Steve Robson]] * [[Wayne Hector]] * Styles * Payne * Tomlinson * Horan * Malik }} | extra10 = Robson | length10 = 3:39 | title11 = Same Mistakes | writer11 = {{flatlist| * Robson * Hector * Styles * Payne * Tomlinson * Horan * Malik }} | extra11 = Robson | length11 = 3:40 | title12 = Save You Tonight | writer12 = {{flatlist| * Kotecha * [[RedOne|Nadir Khayat]] * BeatGeek * Jimmy Joker * Teddy Sky * [[AJ Junior|Achraf Jannusi]] * [[Porcelain Black|Alaina Beaton]] }} | extra12 = {{flatlist| * Khayat * BeatGeek * Joker }} | length12 = 3:27 | title13 = Stole My Heart | writer13 = {{flatlist| * Scott * Meehan }} | extra13 = {{flatlist| * Rawling * Meehan }} | length13 = 3:27 }} <!-- Do not capitalise or italicise the following track listings. "Bonus tracks" in no way need capitals, and they certainly do not need to be italicised. They are not titles of albums, merely differentiating editions.--> {{Track listing | headline = Limited yearbook edition bonus tracks | extra_column = Producer(s) | title14 = Stand Up | length14 = 2:53 | writer14 = {{flatlist| * [[Roy Stride]] * Josh Wilkinson }} | extra14 = Stannard | title15 = [[Moments (One Direction song)|Moments]] | length15 = 4:22 | writer15 = {{Flatlist| * [[Ed Sheeran]] * Si Hulbert }} | extra15 = Hulbert }} {{Track listing | headline = Australian, Mexican, Philippines and New Zealand souvenir edition and Japanese edition | extra_column = Producer(s) | total_length = 63:23 | title14 = Stand Up | writer14 = {{flatlist| * Stride * Wilkinson }} | extra14 = Stannard | length14 = 2:56 | title15 = [[Moments (One Direction song)|Moments]] | writer15 = {{flatlist| * Sheeran * Hulbert }} | extra15 = Hulbert | length15 = 4:22 | title16 = Another World | writer16 = {{flatlist| * Jannusi * [[Bilal Hajji]] * Eric Sanicola * Geo Slam * Khayat * Sky }} | extra16 = Khayat | length16 = 3:25 | title17 = Na Na Na | writer17 = {{flatlist| * Iain James * Kotecha * James Murray * Squire * Mustapha Omer }} | extra17 = Matt Squire | length17 = 3:07 | title18 = I Should Have Kissed You | writer18 = {{flatlist| * Robson * [[Ina Wroldsen]] }} | extra18 = Robson | length18 = 3:36 }} {{Track listing | headline = American edition alternative track<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B006ZZAMWK |title=Up All Night: One Direction: Music |website=Amazon |access-date=21 March 2012 |archive-date=10 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110102612/https://www.amazon.com/dp/B006ZZAMWK |url-status=live }}</ref> | extra_column = Producer(s) | title2 = [[Gotta Be You (One Direction song)|Gotta Be You]] | note2 = 2012 US version | writer2 = {{flatlist| * Mac * Rigo }} | extra2 = Mac | length2 = 4:04 }} {{Track listing | headline = Italian special edition bonus tracks<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.de/dp/B006W5PM1O |title=Up All Night [Italian Edition&#93;: One Direction: Amazon.de: Musik |website=Amazon Germany |date=9 September 2009 |access-date=21 March 2012 |archive-date=10 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110102554/https://www.amazon.de/dp/B006W5PM1O |url-status=live }}</ref> | extra_column = Producer(s) | title14 = Another World | writer14 = {{flatlist| * Jannusi * Hajji * Sanicola * Slam * Khayat * Sky }} | extra14 = Khayat | length14 = 3:23 | title15 = Na Na Na | writer15 = {{flatlist| * James * Kotecha * Murray * Squire * Omer }} | extra15 = Squire | length15 = 3:05 }} {{Track listing | headline = German edition additional tracks<ref>{{cite web |title=One Direction - Up All Night |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510220807/http://www.sonymusic.de/One-Direction/Up-All-Night/P/2574367/B/88691983762 |website=Sony Music Entertainment Germany GmbH |access-date=June 2, 2025}}</ref> | extra_column = Producer(s) | title14 = Another World | writer14 = {{flatlist| * Jannusi * Hajji * Sanicola * Slam * Khayat * Sky }} | extra14 = Khayat | length14 = 3:24 | title15 = Na Na Na | writer15 = {{flatlist| * James * Kotecha * Murray * Squire * Omer }} | extra15 = Squire | length15 = 3:06 | title16 = I Should Have Kissed You | writer16 = {{flatlist| * Robson * Wroldsen }} | extra16 = Robson | length16 = 3:36 }} ==Personnel== (Credits taken from [[AllMusic]]<ref>{{Citation|title=Up All Night - One Direction {{!}} Album {{!}} AllMusic|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/up-all-night-mw0002246441|language=en|access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref> and ''Up All Night''{{'}}s [[liner notes]].) {{Div col|colwidth=}} * Beatgeek – producer * Orlando Calzada – mixing * Tom Coyne – mastering * [[Carl Falk]] – producer * Matt Furmidge – mixing * [[Josh Devine]] – drums * Chris Galland – assistant * Jon Shone – keyboards, various instruments * Dan Richards – guitar * [[Sandy Beales]] – bass guitar * [[Serban Ghenea|Şerban Ghenea]] – mixing * Chris Gray – illustrations * John Hanes – mixing * [[Niall Horan]] – guitar, vocals * Ash Howes – mixing, producer * Jimmy Joker – producer * [[Savan Kotecha]] – producer * [[Steve Mac]] – arranger, producer * Eric Madrid – assistant * [[Zayn Malik]] – vocals * Manny Marroquin – mixing * Paul Meehan – producer * Tom Meredith – producer * [[Liam Payne]] – vocals * [[Brian Rawling]] – producer * [[RedOne]] – producer * [[Steve Robson]] – producer * Phil Seaford – assistant * [[Sheppard Solomon|Shep Solomon]] – producer * [[Matt Squire]] – composer, producer * [[Biffco|Richard Stannard]] – producer * [[Harry Styles]] – vocals * Lou Teasdale – hairstylist, make-up * [[Louis Tomlinson]] – vocals * John Urbano – photography * Caroline Watson – stylist * [[Rami Yacoub]] – producer * Avril Mackintosh – vocal recording and Pro Tools editing {{Div col end}} ==References== {{reflist}} {{One Direction}} [[Category:One Direction albums]] [[Category:2011 albums]] [[Category:Pop albums]] ma1o2dkul9rmegzwbclk4pp9f1121w7 0 428039 10368107 10367371 2025-07-02T19:07:33Z 2001:569:BC15:6100:7412:A1EA:F9E0:D569 10368107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}}{{Infobox album | name = Take Me Home | type = studio | artist = [[One Direction]] | cover = | border = yes | alt = | released = {{Start date|2012|11|9|df=y}} | recorded = | studio = | genre = {{hlist|[[Pop music|Pop]]|[[teen pop]]|[[pop rock]]}} | length = {{duration|m=42|s=19}} | label = * [[Columbia Records|Columbia]] * [[Syco Music|Syco]] | producer = * Julian Bunetta * [[Cirkut (record producer)|Cirkut]] * [[Dr. Luke]] * [[Carl Falk]] * Kristoffer Fogelmark * [[Jake Gosling]] * [[Steve Robson]] * [[Shellback (record producer)|Shellback]] * [[Rami Yacoub]] | prev_title = [[Up All Night (One Direction album)|Up All Night]] | prev_year = 2011 | next_title = [[Midnight Memories]] | next_year = 2013 | misc = {{Singles | name = Take Me Home | type = studio | single1 = [[Live While We're Young]] | single1date = 28 September 2012 | single2 = [[Little Things]] | single2date = 12 November 2012 | single3 = [[Kiss You]] | single3date = 7 January 2013 }} }} '''''Take Me Home''''' is the second studio album by British-Irish boy band [[One Direction]]. It was released on November 9, 2012, by [[Syco|Syco Music]] and [[Columbia Records]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Vena|first=Jocelyn|title=One Direction Reveal Album Release Date|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1692939/one-direction-take-me-home-album-release-date/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915133902/http://www.mtv.com/news/1692939/one-direction-take-me-home-album-release-date/|archive-date=2018-09-15|access-date=2019-02-15|website=MTV News}}</ref> Following the success of their debut album ''[[Up All Night]]'' (2011), the band worked with teams of songwriters, with nearly five writers per track on average. Most of the album was written and recorded in Sweden, where producers Savan Kotecha, Rami Yacoub, and Carl Falk spent six months creating songs that suited each member’s voice. The album features catchy [[Pop music|pop]] sounds, vocal [[Harmony|harmonies]], hand claps, [[electric guitar]] [[Riff|riffs]], and bright [[Synthesizer|synthesizers]]. Each member has solo moments, and the lyrics focus on [[love]], [[heartbreak]], [[jealousy]], and [[confidence]]. ''Take Me Home'' received mostly positive reviews, with critics praising its production but noting it felt somewhat generic and rushed. ==Track listing== {{tracklist | extra_column = Producer(s) | writing_credits = yes | title1 = [[Live While We're Young]] | writer1 = Rami Yacoub, Carl Falk, Savan Kotecha | extra1 = Yacoub, Falk | length1 = 3:18 | title2 = Kiss You | writer2 = Cagaanan, Yacoub, Falk, Kotecha, [[Shellback (producer)|Shellback]], [[Kristian Lundin]], Albin Nedler, Kristoffer Fogelmark | extra2 = Yacoub, Falk | length2 = 3:03 | title3 = Little Things | writer3 = [[Ed Sheeran]], Fiona Bevan | extra3 = Jake Gosling | length3 = 3:39 | title4 = C'mon, C'mon | writer4 = Jamie Scott, John Ryan, Julian C. Bunetta | extra4 = Bunetta, Ryan | length4 = 2:45 | title5 = Last First Kiss | writer5 = Nedler, Fogelmark, Yacoub, Falk, Kotecha, Payne, Malik, Tomlinson | extra5 = Yacoub, Falk, Fogelmark, Nedler | length5 = 3:23 | title6 = Heart Attack | writer6 = Yacoub, Falk, Kotecha, Shellback, Lundin | extra6 = Yacoub, Falk, [[Shellback (producer)|Shellback]] | length6 = 2:56 | title7 = Rock Me | writer7 = Lukasz Gottwald, Henry Walter, Peter Svensson, Allan Grigg, Sam Hollander | extra7 = Dr. Luke, Kool Kojak | length7 = 3:20 | title8 = Change My Mind | writer8 = Yacoub, Falk, Kotecha | extra8 = Yacoub, Falk | length8 = 3:32 | title9 = I Would | writer9 = [[Tom Fletcher]], [[Danny Jones]], [[Dougie Poynter]] | extra9 = Bunetta, Sam Waters, Ryan | length9 = 3:21 | title10 = Over Again | writer10 = Sheeran, Robert Conlon, Alexander Gowers | extra10 = Gosling | length10 = 3:02 | title11 = Back for You | writer11 = Fogelmark, Kotecha, Nedler, Yacoub, Payne, Styles, Tomlinson, Horan | extra11 = Yacoub, Falk, Nedler, Fogelmark | length11 = 2:58 | title12 = They Don't Know About Us | writer12 = Tebey Ottoh, Tommy Lee James, Peter Wallevik, Tommy P Gregersen | extra12 = Ottoh, Bunetta, Ryan, Tomlinson, Styles | length12 = 3:20 | title13 = Summer Love | writer13 = Steve Robson, Wayne Hector, Lindy Robbins, Payne, Styles, Malik, Tomlinson, Horan | extra13 = Robson | length13 = 3:28 }} {{tracklist | headline = Limited yearbook edition bonus tracks | collapsed = yes | extra_column = Producer(s) | writing_credits = yes | title14 = She's Not Afraid | writer14 = Scott, Ryan, Bunetta | extra14 = Bunetta, Ryan | length14 = 3:11 | title15 = Loved You First | writer15 = Ottoh, Bunetta, Ryan, James | extra15 = Bunetta, Ryan | length15 = 3:05 | title16 = Nobody Compares | writer16 = Yacoub, Falk, Kotecha, Shellback | extra16 = Yacoub, Falk, Shellback | length16 = 3:31 | title17 = Still the One | writer17 = Yacoub, Falk, Kotecha, Payne, Tomlinson, Styles | extra17 = Yacoub, Falk, Shellback | length17 = 3:03 }} {{tracklist | headline = Japanese limited yearbook edition bonus tracks <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sonymusicshop.jp/m/item/itemShw.php?site=S&cd=SICP000003686 |title=テイク・ミー・ホーム&nbsp;– リミテッド・イヤーブック・エディション【完全生産限定盤】 |publisher=[[Sony|Sony Music Entertainment Japan]] |accessdate=16 November 2012|language=Japanese}}</ref> | collapsed = yes | extra_column = Producer(s) | writing_credits = yes | title14 = She's Not Afraid | writer14 = Scott, Ryan, Bunetta | extra14 = Bunetta | length14 = 3:11 | title15 = Loved You First | writer15 = Ottoh, Bunetta, Ryan, James | extra15 = Bunetta | length15 = 3:05 | title16 = Nobody Compares | writer16 = Yacoub, Falk, Kotecha, Shellback | extra16 = Yacoub, Falk, Shellback | length16 = 3:31 | title17 = Still the One | writer17 = Yacoub, Falk, Kotecha, Payne, Tomlinson, Styles | extra17 = Yacoub, Falk, Shellback | length17 = 3:03 | title18 = Truly Madly Deeply | writer18 = Trevor Dahl, [[Toby Gad]], Robbins | extra18 = Gad | length18 = 3:01 | title19 = Magic | writer19 = Yacoub, Falk, Kotecha | extra19 = Yacoub, Falk, Shellback | length19 = 3:05 | title20 = Irresistible | writer20 = Fletcher, Jones, Poynter, Horan, Malik, Payne, Styles, Tomlinson | extra20 = Bunetta, Waters | length20 = 3:59 }} {{tracklist | headline = Target deluxe edition bonus tracks<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.target.com/p/one-direction-take-me-home-only-at-target/-/A-14258662 |title=One Direction&nbsp;– Take Me Home |publisher=[[Target (store)|Target Corporation]] |accessdate=8 November 2012 |archive-date=8 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108094340/http://www.target.com/p/one-direction-take-me-home-only-at-target/-/A-14258662 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | collapsed = yes | extra_column = Producer(s) | writing_credits = yes | title14 = Truly Madly Deeply | writer14 = Trevor Dahl, Toby Gad, Robbins | extra14 = Yacoub, Falk | length14 = 3:01 | title15 = Magic | writer15 = Yacoub, Falk, Kotecha | extra15 = Yacoub, Falk, Shellback | length15 = 3:05 | title16 = Irresistible | writer16 = Fletcher, Jones, Poynter, Horan, Malik, Payne, Styles, Tomlinson | extra16 = Bunetta, Waters | length16 = 3:59 | title17 = One Thing | note17 = Live | writer17 = Yacoub, Falk, Kotecha | extra17 = Yacoub, Kotecha | length17 = 3:26 | title18 = I Wish | note18 = Live | writer18 = Yacoub, Falk, Kotecha | extra18 = Yacoub, Falk | length18 = 3:48 }} {{tracklist | headline = iTunes Store deluxe edition bonus tracks<ref>{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/take-me-home-yearbook-edition/id574406654|title=Take Me Home (yearbook edition)|accessdate=8 November 2012|publisher=[[iTunes Store]] ([[Apple Inc.]])}}</ref> | collapsed = yes | extra_column = Producer(s) | writing_credits = yes | title14 = She's Not Afraid | writer14 = Scott, Ryan, Bunetta | extra14 = Bunetta | length14 = 3:11 | title15 = Loved You First | writer15 = Ottoh, Bunetta, Ryan, James | extra15 = Bunetta | length15 = 3:05 | title16 = Nobody Compares | writer16 = Yacoub, Falk, Kotecha, Shellback | extra16 = Yacoub, Falk, Shellback | length16 = 3:31 | title17 = Still the One | writer17 = Yacoub, Falk, Kotecha, Payne, Tomlinson, Styles | extra17 = Yacoub, Falk, Shellback | length17 = 3:03 | title18 = One Thing | note18 = Live | writer18 = Yacoub, Falk, Kotecha | extra18 = Kotecha, Yacoub | length18 = 4:01 | title19 = [[What Makes You Beautiful]] | note19 = Live | writer19 = Yacoub, Falk, Kotecha | extra19 = Yacoub, Falk | length19 = 3:50 | title20 = Moments | note20 = Live | writer20 = Sheeran, Hulbert | extra20 = Hulbert | length20 = 5:10 | title21 = One Direction backstage at the 2012 [[iTunes Festival]] | note21 = Video | length21 = 4:26 }} {{tracklist | headline = iTunes Japanese special deluxe edition<ref>{{cite web|url= https://itunes.apple.com/jp/album/take-me-home-special-deluxe/id646252796|title=Take Me Home (Special Deluxe Edition)|publisher=[[iTunes Store]] ([[Apple Inc.]])|accessdate=22 May 2013}}</ref> | collapsed = yes | extra_column = Producer(s) | writing_credits = yes | title14 = She's Not Afraid | writer14 = Scott, Ryan, Bunetta | extra14 = Bunetta | length14 = 3:11 | title15 = Loved You First | writer15 = Ottoh, Bunetta, Ryan, James | extra15 = Bunetta | length15 = 3:05 | title16 = Nobody Compares | writer16 = Yacoub, Falk, Kotecha, Shellback | extra16 = Yacoub, Falk, Shellback | length16 = 3:31 | title17 = Still the One | writer17 = Yacoub, Falk, Kotecha, Payne, Tomlinson, Styles | extra17 = Yacoub, Falk, Shellback | length17 = 3:03 | title18 = Truly Madly Deeply | writer18 = Trevor Dahl, Toby Gad, Robbins | extra18 = Gad | length18 = 3:01 | title19 = Magic | writer19 = Yacoub, Falk, Kotecha | extra19 = Yacoub, Falk, Shellback | length19 = 3:05 | title20 = Irresistible | writer20 = Fletcher, Jones, Poynter, Horan, Malik, Payne, Styles, Tomlinson | extra20 = Bunetta, Waters | length20 = 3:59 | title21 = Live While We're Young (Dave Audé remix) | writer21 = Fletcher, Jones, Poynter, Horan, Malik, Payne, Styles, Tomlinson | extra21 = Yacoub, Falk, Audé | length21 = 3:16 | title22 = Kiss You (Sharoque remix) | writer22 = Fletcher, Jones, Poynter, Horan, Malik, Payne, Styles, Tomlinson | extra22 = Yacoub, Falk, Sharoque | length22 = 4:23 }} == Personnel == Adapted from AllMusic.<ref>{{cite web|title=Take Me Home – One Direction {{!}} Credits {{!}} AllMusic|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/take-me-home-mw0002418914/credits|access-date=8 April 2017|website=AllMusic}}</ref> {{div col}} * Karl Brazil – drums * David Bukovinszky – cello * Julian Bunetta – engineer, musician, producer, vocal producer * Mattias Bylund – editing, string arrangements, string engineer * Cirkut – musician, producer, programming * Rupert Coulson – engineer * Tom Coyne – mastering * Tommy Culm – background vocals * Dr. Luke – musician, producer, programming * Chris Elliot – string engineer * Levon Eriksson – assistant * Carl Falk – guitar, musician, producer, programming, vocal editing, vocal engineer, background vocals * Rachael Findlen – assistant * Kristoffer Fogelmark – guitar, musician, producer, programming, vocal editing, vocal engineer, background vocals * Ian Franzino – assistant engineer * Serban Ghenea – mixing * Clint Gibbs – assistant, vocals * Jake Gosling – drums, mixing, percussion, piano, producer, programming, strings * Lukasz Gottwald – vocals * Stephen P. Grigg – assistant * John Hanes – mixing engineer * Sam Hollander – musician, programming * Niall Horan – guitar * Ash Howes – mixing, programming * Andy Hughes – assistant * Ava James – vocals * Matthias Johansson – violin * Koool Kojak – engineer, musician, producer, programming, vocals * Savan Kotecha – background vocals * Chris Leonard – acoustic guitar, bass guitar, electric guitar * Zayn Malik – illustrations * Sam Miller – engineer * Katie Mitzell – production coordination * Malcolm Moore – bass * Adam Nedler – background vocals * Albin Nedler – musician, producer, programming, vocal editing, vocal engineer * One Direction – primary artist * Alex Oriet – vocal engineer * Tebey Ottoh – vocal producer * Joel Peters – assistant * Luke Potashnik – guitar * Irene Richter – production coordination * Steve Robson – guitar, keyboards, mixing, producer * Shellback – bass, musician, producer, programming, background vocals * Peter Svensson – musician, programming, vocals * John Urbano – photography * Henry Walter – vocals * Sam Waters – vocal engineer, vocal producer * Caroline Watson – stylist * Emily Wright – engineer, vocal producer, vocals {{div col end}} ==References== {{reflist}} {{One Direction}} [[Category:2012 albums]] [[Category:One Direction albums]] [[Category:Pop albums]] b9t1kitsm13ufeo9bna7bbedm6tvl7e 0 430179 10368547 10132352 2025-07-03T00:13:17Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 Typo: duplication 10368547 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Wrestling event |name = Survivor Series (1996) |image = |caption = |tagline = |promotion = [[WWE|World Wrestling Federation]] |sponsor = |date = November 17, 1996 |venue = [[Madison Square Garden]] |city = [[New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York ]] |attendance = |lastevent = [[In Your House 11: Buried Alive]] |nextevent = [[In Your House 12: It's Time]] |event = [[Survivor Series]] |lastevent2 = [[Survivor Series (1995)]] |nextevent2 = [[Survivor Series (1997)]] |future = }} '''Survivor Series (1996)''' was a [[professional wrestling]] [[pay-per-view]] [[List of WWE pay-per-view events|show]] made by the [[WWE|World Wrestling Federation]] (WWF). It took place on November 17, 1996 at [[Madison Square Garden]] in [[New York City]]. It was the tenth [[Survivor Series]] event held by the WWF. In he main event, [[Sid Eudy|Sycho Sid]] defeated [[Shawn Michaels]] to win his first [[WWE Championship|WWF Championship]]. Another main match saw [[Bret Hart]] defeat [[Stone Cold Steve Austin]] to become the number one contender for the WWF Championship. The show also featured the WWF debut of [[Dwayne Johnson|Rocky Maivia]], who would later become famous as The Rock. He teamed with [[Marc Mero]], [[Jake Roberts]], and [[Barry Windham|The Stalker]] to defeat [[Brian Adams (wrestler)|Crush]], [[Jerry Lawler]], [[Triple H|Hunter Hearst Helmsley]], and [[Dustin Rhodes|Goldust]] in a four-on-four [[Professional wrestling match types#Survivor Series Elimination match|Survivor Series elimination match]].{{Clear}} ==Matches== {| style="font-size: 85%; text-align: left;" class="wikitable" |- !style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|'''No.''' !style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|'''Results''' !style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|'''Stipulations''' !style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|'''Times''' |- !1{{sup|F}} |[[Road Dogg|Jesse James]], [[Justin Credible|Aldo Montoya]], [[Bob Holly]], and [[Mike Plotcheck|Bart Gunn]] defeated [[Rikishi (wrestler)|The Sultan]], [[John Layfield|Justin Bradshaw]], [[Salvatore Sincere]], and [[Billy Gunn]] (with [[The Iron Sheik]] and [[Dutch Mantel|Uncle Zebekiah]]) |[[Professional wrestling match types#Survivor Series Elimination match|Four-on-four Survivor Series elimination match]]{{Ref|1|1}} |10:46 |- !2 |[[Doug Furnas]], [[Philip Lafond|Phil Lafon]], [[Henry O. Godwinn|Henry Godwinn]], and [[Mideon|Phineas Godwinn]] (with [[Hillbilly Jim]]) defeated [[Owen Hart]], [[Davey Boy Smith|The British Bulldog]], [[Marty Jannetty]], and [[Al Snow|Leif Cassidy]] (with [[Clarence Mason]])<ref name="Results">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/survivorseries/history/1996/results|accessdate=2013-11-22|title=Survivor Series 1996: Full Event Results|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |Four-on-four Survivor Series elimination match{{Ref|2|2}} |20:41 |- !3 |[[The Undertaker]] defeated [[Mick Foley|Mankind]]<ref name="Results"/> |[[Professional wrestling match types#Singles match|Singles match]] |14:54 |- !4 |[[Marc Mero]], [[Dwayne Johnson|Rocky Maivia]], [[Jake Roberts]], and [[Barry Windham|The Stalker]] (with [[Sable (wrestler)|Sable]]) defeated [[Brian Adams (wrestler)|Crush]], [[Jerry Lawler]], [[Triple H|Hunter Hearst Helmsley]], and [[Goldust]] (with [[Terri Runnels|Marlena]])<ref name="Results"/> |Four-on-four Survivor Series tag team elimination match{{Ref|3|3}} |23:44 |- !5 |[[Bret Hart]] defeated [[Stone Cold Steve Austin]]<ref name="Results"/> |Singles match to become the number one contender for the [[WWE Championship|WWF Championship]] |28:36 |- !6 |[[Ron Simmons|Faarooq]], [[Big Van Vader|Vader]], "[[Rick Bognar|Razor Ramon]]", and "[[Kane (wrestler)|Diesel]]" (with Clarence Mason) vs. [[2 Cold Scorpio|Flash Funk]], [[Jimmy Snuka]], [[Savio Vega]], and [[Rodney Anoa'i|Yokozuna]] ended in a no contest<ref name="Results" /> |Four-on-four Survivor Series tag team elimination match{{Ref|4|4}} |9:48 |- !7 |[[Sid Eudy|Sycho Sid]] defeated [[Shawn Michaels]] (c) (with [[José Lothario|Jose Lothario]])<ref name="Results"/> |Singles match for the [[WWE Championship|WWF Championship]] |20:02 |- |colspan="4" align=center| {{center|(c) - is the champion(s) going into the match<br>'''F''' - This match aired before the pay-per-view on ''[[WWE Free for All|Free for All]]''}} |} === Survivor Series elimination matches === {{Note|1|1}} {| class="wikitable sortable" !Eliminated !Wrestler !Eliminated by !Method !Time |- |{{sort|01|1}} |Aldo Montoya |The Sultan |Submission |3:55 |- |{{sort|02|2}} |Salvatore Sincere |Bart Gunn | rowspan="6" |Pinfall |6:55 |- |{{sort|03|3}} |Bob Holly |Justin Bradshaw |8:35 |- |{{sort|04|4}} |Justin Bradshaw | rowspan="2" |Jesse James |8:46 |- |{{sort|05|5}} |The Sultan |9:44 |- |{{sort|06|6}} |Jesse James |Billy Gunn |9:59 |- |{{sort|07|7}} |Billy Gunn |Bart Gunn |10:46 |- |{{sort|11|'''Survivor:'''}} | colspan="4" |Bart Gunn |} {{Note|2|2}} {| class="wikitable sortable" !Eliminated !Wrestler !Eliminated by !Method !Time |- |{{sort|01|1}} |Marty Jannetty |Henry O. Godwinn | rowspan="6" |Pinfall |8:12 |- |{{sort|02|2}} |Henry O. Godwinn |Owen Hart |8:18 |- |{{sort|03|3}} |Phineas I. Godwinn |The British Bulldog |9:04 |- |{{sort|04|4}} |Leif Cassidy | rowspan="2" |Phil Lafon |13:43 |- |{{sort|05|5}} |The British Bulldog |17:22 |- |{{sort|06|6}} |Owen Hart |Doug Furnas |20:41 |- |{{sort|11|'''Survivors:'''}} | colspan="4" |Doug Furnas and Phil Lafon |} {{Note|3|3}} {| class="wikitable sortable" !Eliminated !Wrestler !Eliminated by !Method !Time |- |{{sort|01|1}} |Jerry Lawler |Jake Roberts | rowspan="7" |Pinfall |10:01 |- |{{sort|02|2}} |The Stalker |Goldust |12:44 |- |{{sort|03|3}} |Hunter Hearst Helmsley |Marc Mero |19:20 |- |{{sort|04|4}} |Marc Mero | rowspan="2" |Crush |20:36 |- |{{sort|05|5}} |Jake Roberts |20:54 |- |{{sort|06|6}} |Crush | rowspan="2" |Rocky Maivia |23:12 |- |{{sort|07|7}} |Goldust |23:44 |- |{{sort|11|'''Survivor:'''}} | colspan="4" |Rocky Maivia |} {{Note|4|4}} {| class="wikitable sortable" !Eliminated !Wrestler !Eliminated by !Method !Time |- |{{sort|01|1}} |Savio Vega |"Diesel" | rowspan="2" |Pinfall |8:39 |- |{{sort|02|2}} |"Razor Ramon" |Jimmy Snuka |9:28 |- |{{sort|03|3}} |Faarooq | rowspan="6" |N/A | rowspan="6" |Disqualification | rowspan="6" |9:48 |- |{{sort|04|4}} |Vader |- |{{sort|05|5}} |Fake Diesel |- |{{sort|06|6}} |Flash Funk |- |{{sort|07|7}} |Jimmy Snuka |- |{{sort|08|8}} |Yokozuna |- |{{sort|11|'''Survivors:'''}} | colspan="4" |None |} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *[http://www.wwe.com/shows/survivorseries/history/1996 Official Survivor Series 1996 website] {{WWEPPV|Survivor Series}} [[Category:1996 in professional wrestling]] [[Category:Sports in New York City]] [[Category:Survivor Series]] [[Category:1996 in New York (state)]] [[Category:1990s in New York City]] [[Category:November events]] j6d0cnyfqx8dmr2e86y54twcjt22nfb 0 432216 10369032 8900417 2025-07-03T05:49:53Z Julipero 1604351 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 10369032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Former Subdivision |native_name = ''{{lang|it|Dipartimento dell'Alto Adige}}'' |conventional_long_name = Department of Alto Adige |common_name = Alto Adige |subdivision = Department |nation = [[Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)|Kingdom of Italy]] |year_start = 1810 |event_start = |date_start = |event1 = |date_event1 = |event2 = |year_event2 = |event3 = |date_event3 = |year_end = 1814 |event_end = |date_end = |event_pre = |date_pre = |p1 = |flag_p1 = |s1 = |flag_s1 = |image_flag = |image_coat = |image_map = Dep-fr-it.jpg |image_map_caption = French map of Napoleonic Italy. The Department of Alto Adige (''Haut-Adige'') is located in the north. |capital = [[Trento]] | latd = |latm = |lats = |latNS = | longd = |longm = |longs = |longEW = |political_subdiv= |stat_year1 = |stat_area1 = |stat_pop1 = }} The '''Department of Alto Adige''' ({{lang-it|Dipartimento dell'Alto Adige}}, {{lang-fr|link=no|département du Haut-Adige}}) was a [[Department (country subdivision)|department]] of [[Napoleon|Napoleon's]] [[Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)|Kingdom of Italy]]. It was named after the river [[Adige]] (Etsch), which flowed through it. The capital of the department was [[Trento]]. The department's territory was not the same as that of the modern Italian [[South Tyrol|province of Alto Adige]]. Some of the territory is the same, such as the city of [[Bolzano]], but most of the rest is now part of the [[province of Trento]]. These two provinces form the region [[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]]. == History == [[File:Alto Adige in history.png|thumb|right|260px|"Alto Adige" in history: in red during the Cisalpine Republic, in green during the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, and in blue today]] The name "Alto Adige" was created in the late 18th century by [[Napoleon Bonaparte]], when he occupied the territory of [[northern Italy]] near the [[Alps]]. This was the name of the French [[administrative division]] known as the "Department of Alto Adige" (''Dipartimento dell'Alto Adige''), created during Napoleon's Kingdom of Italy in 1810. It was officially named ''Haut Adige'' to get rid of relation to the historic "[[County of Tyrol]]" of [[Austria]].<ref>Rolf Steininger, Department of Contemporary History. University of Innsbruck</ref> The District of Alto Adige was created by Napoleon as part of the Dipartamento del Benaco in his [[Cisalpine Republic]], and was near [[Verona]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Raccolta delle leggi, proclami, ordini ed avvisi, Vol 4|year=1797|publisher=Luigi Viladini|location=Milan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gy5FAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA201|author=Cisalpine Republic|page=201|language=Italian}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Raccolta delle leggi, proclami, ordini ed avvisi, Vol 5|year=1798|publisher=Luigi Viladini|location=Milan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1RDgAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA184|author=Cisalpine Republic|page=184|language=Italian}}</ref> This Benaco department, created in 1797, was gotten rid of in 1798 as a result of administrative changes to the Cisalpine Republic. Some years later, Napoleon created the Department of Alto Adige further north. This department was a part of the Kingdom of Italy from 1810 to 1814.<ref>Cfr. Reinhard Stauber, ''Der Zentralstaat an seinen Grenzen. Administrative Integration, Herrschaftswechsel und politische Kultur im südlichen Alpenraum 1750-1820'', Göttingen 2001, pp. 317ss.</ref> It was created with the division of the Austrian [[Tyrol (region)|Tyrol]] between French [[Bavaria]] and the Kingdom of Italy, and included the southern part of Tyrol with the city of [[Bolzano]] with surroundings (along with the [[Trentino]]). The boundaries were made by Austrian and German commissioners, who said that a territory would belong to the Kingdom of Italy if it is inhabited by Italians.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=VI9IAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 Nuova antologia di scienze, lettere ed arti, Volume 2, 1866, pag. 431]</ref> The department was ended after the defeat of Napoleon in 1814. Its territory is now divided between the Italian provinces of [[Trentino]] and [[South Tyrol]]. The name ''Alto Adige'' was reused. Today it is the [[Italian language|Italian]] name of the part of Tyrol south of the [[Brenner Pass]]. [[Ettore Tolomei]] made it official in Italy after [[World War I]]. ==References== {{reflist}} == More reading == * Reinhard Stauber, ''Der Zentralstaat an seinen Grenzen. Administrative Integration, Herrschaftswechsel und politische Kultur im südlichen Alpenraum 1750–1820'' (Schriftenreihe der Historischen Kommission der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 64), Göttingen, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2001. {{ISBN|978-3-525-36057-6}} ==Related pages== * [[Alto Adige]] * [[District of Alto Adige]] * [[Province of Bolzano-Bozen]] [[Category:19th century in Italy]] [[Category:1810 establishments in Europe]] [[Category:19th-century establishments in Italy]] [[Category:1814 disestablishments]] [[Category:19th-century disestablishments in Italy]] [[Category:1810s disestablishments in Europe]] 7ozuydywj3qzr9n296wvtmcukqy30bv 0 432361 10368153 10054732 2025-07-02T19:43:49Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C 2017 ending date 10368153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | caption = | alt_name = | genre = [[reality television|Reality]]<br /> [[Cooking]] | creator = | based_on = | developer = | writer = | director = | creative_director = | presenter = | starring = [[Alton Brown]] | judges = | voices = | narrated = | theme_music_composer = | opentheme = | endtheme = | composer = | country = United States | language = English | num_seasons = | num_episodes = | list_episodes = | executive_producer = Shauna Minoprio, Julia Cassidy | producer = | editor = | location = | cinematography = | camera = | runtime = 60 Minutes | company = [[Embassy Row (production company)|Embassy Row]] | channel = [[Food Network]] | first_aired = {{Start date|2013|08|11}} | last_aired = {{End date|2017|07|19}} | related = }} '''''Cutthroat Kitchen''''' is an American [[reality television|reality]] [[cooking show|cooking]] television show that airs on [[Food Network]] from August 11, 2013 to July 19, 2017.<ref name="No-Mercy Culinary Antics to Take Over Alton Brown’s Cutthroat Kitchen">{{cite web|title=No-Mercy Culinary Antics to Take Over Alton Brown’s Cutthroat Kitchen|url=http://blog.foodnetwork.com/fn-dish/2013/07/alton-browns-cutthroat-kitchen/|publisher=[[Food Network]] Via FN Dish Blog|access-date=2014-01-07|archive-date=2013-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815103820/http://blog.foodnetwork.com/fn-dish/2013/07/alton-browns-cutthroat-kitchen/|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is hosted by [[Alton Brown]].<ref name="Food Network: Cutthroat Kitchen">{{cite web|title=Food Network: Cutthroat Kitchen|url=http://www.foodnetwork.com/cutthroat-kitchen/index.html?vty=/ck|publisher=[[Food Network]]|access-date=8 August 2013}}</ref> ==Format== Four chefs are given three cooking challenges. Each challenge has a type of dish that the chefs have to make in 30 minutes. Before then, the chefs have one minute to get ingredients out of a pantry. After 30 minutes, a judge tastes each dish, and the chef with the worst dish is eliminated. At the start of the game, the chefs are each given $25,000. In the first two challenges, Brown shows items that are put up to [[auction]] for the chefs to buy using their money. The chefs can use these items on other chefs to change their ingredients, what cooking tools they can use, and other things. For example, an item may force a chef to cook using canned ingredients instead of fresh ones. The chef who is eliminated has to give back the money that they have. In the last challenge, no items are shown at first, but during the first minutes of the challenge, Brown will put items up for auction. This makes it so the person who gets the item has to change their dish based on what the item does. The chef that wins keeps the money that they have left. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [http://www.foodnetwork.com/cutthroat-kitchen/index.html?vty=/ck Official website] * {{IMDb title|2930446}} * {{tv.com show|cutthroat-kitchen}} [[Category:2013 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2017 American television series endings]] [[Category:Food Network]] [[Category:Reality television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] k0y65v1plmqdm8jgtc9ezzuog67docc 0 438989 10368342 7488390 2025-07-02T22:08:18Z 2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA 10368342 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Location of Sotkamo in Finland.png|thumb|Location]] [[File:Hiidenportin kansallispuisto.jpg|thumb|Hiidenportti National Park]] [[File:Sotkamo.vaakuna.svg|thumb|90px|Coat of arms]] '''Sotkamo''' is a [[municipality]] in the region of [[Kainuu]], [[Finland]]. In January 2014, it had a population of over 10,650. It covers an area of {{convert|2951,88|km2}}. Neighbouring municipalities are [[Kajaani]], [[Kuhmo]], [[Nurmes]], [[Paltamo]], [[Rautavaara]], [[Ristijärvi]], [[Sonkajärvi]] and [[Valtimo]]. [[Hiidenportti National Park]] is in Sotkamo.<ref>Sotkan maa - Sotkamo, Alpo Komulainen {{ISBN|9519637567}} 001 1 398</ref> Economy: There is some [[mining]]; [[Talc]] is a product after [[refinement|refined]] of [[ore]].<ref>https://yle.fi/a/74-20169936. Retrieved 2025-07-02</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commonscat|Sotkamo}} * [http://www.sotkamo.fi/ The official Sotkamo page] {{multistub|Europe|geo}} [[Category:Municipalities of Kainuu]] ln1rnn2pqaiobd43zvy4t3oavafoxem 0 444758 10368962 9846001 2025-07-03T04:48:46Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Causation */ typo: duplication 10368962 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Quilted Fields, Andes (8642623276).jpg|thumb|[[Andes]] in Peru]] [[File:Along the High note trail atop Whistler Mtn. (7958950226).jpg|thumb|[[Canadian Rockies]]]] The '''American Cordillera''' is a chain of [[mountain range]]s. It is the western "backbone" of [[North America]], [[Central America]], [[South America]] and [[Antarctica]].<ref name="cw">[http://myweb.cwpost.liu.edu/vdivener/notes/west_cord.htm "Western Cordillera."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001124708/http://myweb.cwpost.liu.edu/vdivener/notes/west_cord.htm |date=2011-10-01 }} [http://myweb.cwpost.liu.edu Long Island University, C.W. Post Campus faculty website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304142030/http://myweb.cwpost.liu.edu/ |date=2016-03-04 }}. Accessed June 2011.</ref> It is also the [[volcano|volcanic arc]] that forms the eastern half of the [[Pacific Ring of Fire]]. The ranges begin with the [[Alaska Range]] and the [[Brooks Range]] in [[Alaska]] and run through the [[Yukon]] into [[British Columbia]]. The main belt of the [[Rocky Mountains]] along with the parallel [[Pacific Coast Ranges|Coast Ranges]] of mountains and islands continue through British Columbia and [[Vancouver Island]]. In the [[United States]], the cordillera branches to include the Rocky Mountains,<ref name="cw"/> the [[Sierra Nevada (US)|Sierra Nevada]], and the [[Cascade Range|Cascades]] and Coast ranges of [[Washington]], [[Oregon]], and [[California]]. In [[Mexico]], the cordillera continues through the [[Sierra Madre Occidental]] and [[Sierra Madre Oriental]], as well as the backbone mountains of the [[Baja California peninsula]]. The ranges of the cordillera from Mexico northwards are called the North American Cordillera or Western Cordillera in the United States and Canada, and the Canadian Cordillera or Pacific Cordillera in Canada. The cordillera goes on through the mountain ranges of [[Central America]] in [[Guatemala]], [[Honduras]], [[Nicaragua]], [[Costa Rica]], and [[Panama]]. It becomes the [[Andes Mountains]] of [[South America]]. The Andes with their parallel chains and the island chains off the coast of [[Chile]] continue through [[Colombia]], [[Venezuela]], [[Ecuador]], [[Peru]], [[Bolivia]], [[Argentina]], and [[Chile]] to the very tip of South America at [[Tierra del Fuego]]. Also, the range may be followed through the [[South Georgia]] Ridge across the Southern Ocean to the mountains of [[Graham Land]] on the [[Antarctic Peninsula]]. == Causation == The cause of this remarkable geographical feature was the movement of the Americas away from the [[supercontinent]] of [[Pangaea]]. This began 200 million years ago.<ref>Historical Geology Notes - The Breakup of Pangea and Deformation in the Western Cordillera. Long Island University, C.W. Post Campus faculty website. Archived from the original on October 1, 2011. Retrieved June 25, 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111001124708/http://myweb.cwpost.liu.edu/vdivener/notes/west_cord.htm]</ref> The movement also explains the low-lying [[swamp]] features on the Eastern side of the two continents (most notably in [[Miami]] and [[Brazil]]). This great feature is sometimes called the [[Continental Divide of the Americas]]. This refers to the [[drainage basin]]s of the two continents. == The Nazca plate == This oceanic [[tectonic plate]] sits east of South America and is moving under it. It is mainly responsible for the [[Andes|Andean]] mountain range. The subduction of the Nazca plate under southern Chile produced the largest [[earthquake]] ever recorded on Earth, the [[moment magnitude scale|moment magnitude]] 9.5 [[1960 Valdivia earthquake]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070107005353/http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/eq_depot/world/1960_05_22_articles.html Largest earthquake in the world]</ref> == California == California formed as a series of small [[island]] arcs, plus ocean sediments and oceanic crust. They were stuck to the western edge of North America, producing a series of deep basins and high mountain ranges. The oldest rocks date back to the [[Proterozoic]] era 1.8 billion years ago. During the [[Cenozoic]], rock was stuck ("accreted") to the edge of California. Vast areas of marine sedimentary rocks were deposited. Examples of filled basins included the [[Los Angeles]] Basin, the [[Eel River]] Basin around Eureka and the 50,000 foot thick sedimentary sequences of the [[Ventura County, California|Ventura Basin]]. The [[San Andreas Fault]] became most active after the [[Miocene]]. It had up to 350 miles of offset in some places.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Norris |first1=Robert N. |last2=Webb |first2=Robert W. |year=1990|title=Geology of California |edition=2nd|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|page=51-58}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://snobear.colorado.edu/Markw/Mountains/08/CaliforniaMtns/California_geologic_history.pdf |title=California geologic history |publisher=snobear.colorado.edu |access-date=2020-05-16 |archive-date=2020-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112042003/http://snobear.colorado.edu/Markw/Mountains/08/CaliforniaMtns/California_geologic_history.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Further reading== *Silberling N.J. ''et al'' 1992. Lithotectonic terrane map of the North American Cordillera [Miscellaneous Investigations Series I-2176]. Reston, Va.: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. [[Category:Mountains of North America]] [[Category:Mountains of South America]] [[Category:Geography of Central America]] [[Category:Mountains of Antarctica]] pkke3pxg3g9ejumgfmml4gbp765e50v 0 445974 10367616 10362652 2025-07-02T12:40:53Z 2001:4451:12F:E600:AC42:9A72:D17C:206C 10367616 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Denise Nickerson | image = Denise_Nickerson_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg | caption = Nickerson in 2017 | birth_date = {{birth date|1957|4|1}} | birth_place = [[New York City]], [[United States|U.S.]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2019|7|10|1957|4|1}} | death_place = [[Aurora, Colorado]], U.S. | occupation = [[Actor|Actress]] | years_active = 1959–1978 (acting) | known_for = Violet Beauregarde in ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]'' | spouse = {{Plain list | * {{marriage|Rich Keller|1981|1983|end=d}} * {{marriage|Mark Willard|1995|1998|end=div}} }} | children = 1 }} '''Denise Nickerson''' (April 1, 1957 &ndash; July 10, 2019) was an [[Americans|American]] [[actress]] who had been a former child actress. She played Violet Beauregarde in ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]'' in 1971. She played Allison on season 2 of ''[[The Electric Company]]'' in 1972–73. She [[Retirement|retired]] from [[Actor|acting]] in 1993. Nickerson [[Death|died]] on July 10, 2019 from a [[seizure]] from [[pneumonia]] at a [[hospital]] in [[Aurora, Colorado]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/denise-nickerson-dead-willy-wonka-chocolate-factory-violet-actress-was-62-1223701 |title=Denise Nickerson, Violet in 'Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory,' Dies at 62 |last=Kilkenny |first=Katie |date=July 10, 2019 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=July 11, 2019 }}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{multistub|US-bio|actor}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nickerson, Denise}} [[Category:1957 births]] [[Category:2019 deaths]] [[Category:American television actresses]] 15jgnex38gkc1q71g7x6m6pu9iaxx33 10367617 10367616 2025-07-02T12:41:21Z 2001:4451:12F:E600:AC42:9A72:D17C:206C 10367617 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Denise Nickerson | image = Denise_Nickerson_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg | caption = Nickerson in 2017 | birth_date = {{birth date|1957|4|1}} | birth_place = [[New York City]], [[United States|U.S.]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2019|7|10|1957|4|1}} | death_place = [[Aurora, Colorado]], U.S. | occupation = [[Actor|Actress]] | years_active = 1959–1978 (acting) | known_for = Violet Beauregarde in ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]'' | spouse = {{Plain list | * {{marriage|Rich Keller|1981|1983|end=d}} * {{marriage|Mark Willard|1995|1998|end=div}} }} | children = 1 }} '''Denise Nickerson''' (April 1, 1957 &ndash; July 10, 2019) was an [[Americans|American]] [[Actor|actress]] who had been a former child actress. She played Violet Beauregarde in ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]'' in 1971. She played Allison on season 2 of ''[[The Electric Company]]'' in 1972–73. She [[Retirement|retired]] from [[Actor|acting]] in 1993. Nickerson [[Death|died]] on July 10, 2019 from a [[seizure]] from [[pneumonia]] at a [[hospital]] in [[Aurora, Colorado]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/denise-nickerson-dead-willy-wonka-chocolate-factory-violet-actress-was-62-1223701 |title=Denise Nickerson, Violet in 'Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory,' Dies at 62 |last=Kilkenny |first=Katie |date=July 10, 2019 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=July 11, 2019 }}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{multistub|US-bio|actor}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nickerson, Denise}} [[Category:1957 births]] [[Category:2019 deaths]] [[Category:American television actresses]] pkzg7kgg0mu83b79yuvl97x05idpniv 10367619 10367617 2025-07-02T12:43:07Z 2001:4451:12F:E600:AC42:9A72:D17C:206C 10367619 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Denise Nickerson | image = Denise_Nickerson_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg | caption = Nickerson in 2017 | birth_date = {{birth date|1957|4|1}} | birth_place = [[New York City]], [[United States|U.S.]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2019|7|10|1957|4|1}} | death_place = [[Aurora, Colorado]], U.S. | occupation = [[Actor|Actress]] | years_active = 1959–1978 (acting) | known_for = [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Violet Beauregarde|Violet Beauregarde]] in ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]'' | spouse = {{Plain list | * {{marriage|Rich Keller|1981|1983|end=d}} * {{marriage|Mark Willard|1995|1998|end=div}} }} | children = 1 }} '''Denise Nickerson''' (April 1, 1957 &ndash; July 10, 2019) was an [[Americans|American]] [[Actor|actress]] who had been a former child actress. She played [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Violet Beauregarde|Violet Beauregarde]] in ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]'' in 1971. She played Allison on season 2 of ''[[The Electric Company]]'' in 1972–73. She [[Retirement|retired]] from [[Actor|acting]] in 1993. Nickerson [[Death|died]] on July 10, 2019 from a [[seizure]] from [[pneumonia]] at a [[hospital]] in [[Aurora, Colorado]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/denise-nickerson-dead-willy-wonka-chocolate-factory-violet-actress-was-62-1223701 |title=Denise Nickerson, Violet in 'Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory,' Dies at 62 |last=Kilkenny |first=Katie |date=July 10, 2019 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=July 11, 2019 }}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{multistub|US-bio|actor}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nickerson, Denise}} [[Category:1957 births]] [[Category:2019 deaths]] [[Category:American television actresses]] l3im6i0x6xdabn6xa5qifye0kmh2s7d 10367682 10367619 2025-07-02T13:29:19Z 2001:4451:12F:E600:AC42:9A72:D17C:206C 10367682 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Denise Nickerson | image = Denise_Nickerson_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg | caption = Nickerson in 2017 | birth_date = {{birth date|1957|4|1}} | birth_place = [[New York City]], [[United States|U.S.]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2019|7|10|1957|4|1}} | death_place = [[Aurora, Colorado]], U.S. | occupation = [[Actor|Actress]] | years_active = 1959–1978 (acting) | known_for = [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Violet Beauregarde|Violet Beauregarde]] in ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]'' | spouse = {{Plain list | * {{marriage|Rich Keller|1981|1983|end=d}} * {{marriage|Mark Willard|1995|1998|end=div}} }} | children = 1 }} '''Denise Nickerson''' (April 1, 1957 &ndash; July 10, 2019) was an [[Americans|American]] [[Actor|actress]] who had been a former child actress. She played [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Violet Beauregarde|Violet Beauregarde]] in ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]'' in 1971. She played Allison on season 2 of ''[[The Electric Company]]'' in 1972–73. She [[Retirement|retired]] from [[Actor|acting]] in 1993. Nickerson [[Death|died]] on July 10, 2019 from a [[seizure]] from [[pneumonia]] at a [[hospital]] in [[Aurora, Colorado]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/denise-nickerson-dead-willy-wonka-chocolate-factory-violet-actress-was-62-1223701 |title=Denise Nickerson, Violet in 'Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory,' Dies at 62 |last=Kilkenny |first=Katie |date=July 10, 2019 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=July 11, 2019 }}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== {{multistub|US-bio|actor}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nickerson, Denise}} [[Category:1957 births]] [[Category:2019 deaths]] [[Category:American television actresses]] 7588ebmfh0gkla2dhy6ez5z0sfpoecj 10367685 10367682 2025-07-02T13:30:46Z 2001:4451:12F:E600:AC42:9A72:D17C:206C /* Other websites */ 10367685 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Denise Nickerson | image = Denise_Nickerson_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg | caption = Nickerson in 2017 | birth_date = {{birth date|1957|4|1}} | birth_place = [[New York City]], [[United States|U.S.]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2019|7|10|1957|4|1}} | death_place = [[Aurora, Colorado]], U.S. | occupation = [[Actor|Actress]] | years_active = 1959–1978 (acting) | known_for = [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Violet Beauregarde|Violet Beauregarde]] in ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]'' | spouse = {{Plain list | * {{marriage|Rich Keller|1981|1983|end=d}} * {{marriage|Mark Willard|1995|1998|end=div}} }} | children = 1 }} '''Denise Nickerson''' (April 1, 1957 &ndash; July 10, 2019) was an [[Americans|American]] [[Actor|actress]] who had been a former child actress. She played [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Violet Beauregarde|Violet Beauregarde]] in ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]'' in 1971. She played Allison on season 2 of ''[[The Electric Company]]'' in 1972–73. She [[Retirement|retired]] from [[Actor|acting]] in 1993. Nickerson [[Death|died]] on July 10, 2019 from a [[seizure]] from [[pneumonia]] at a [[hospital]] in [[Aurora, Colorado]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/denise-nickerson-dead-willy-wonka-chocolate-factory-violet-actress-was-62-1223701 |title=Denise Nickerson, Violet in 'Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory,' Dies at 62 |last=Kilkenny |first=Katie |date=July 10, 2019 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=July 11, 2019 }}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{IMDb name|id=0630019}} {{multistub|US-bio|actor}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nickerson, Denise}} [[Category:1957 births]] [[Category:2019 deaths]] [[Category:American television actresses]] pmzpl40i2u9l7jz0r2jwx2qxisb9b92 10 446847 10368642 10366800 2025-07-03T01:33:20Z Cyberbot I 224035 Updating Admin Stats ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10368642 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Adminstats/Core |edits=309157 |ed=329633 |created=42 |deleted=39757 |revdel=606 |eventdel=1 |restored=379 |blocked=1514 |protected=477 |unprotected=19 |rights=913 |reblock=220 |unblock=21 |modify=29 |filter=0 |merge=0 |massmessage=0 |rename=0 |import=4231 |style={{{style|}}}}} 9vvvbp5enn1r9cqijia3dwdlye3db1b 0 450923 10368313 8652812 2025-07-02T21:49:34Z 2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA 10368313 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Large male arctic char.jpg|thumb|right|300px|{{Center|Large male Arctic char and Erik}}]] '''Arctic char''' or '''Arctic charr''', '''''Salvelinus alpinus''''', is a cold water [[fish]] in the family [[Salmonidae]]. It is [[Indigenous (ecology)|native]] to [[Arctic]], [[subarctic|sub-Arctic]] and [[alpine lake]]s. It [[Breed|breeds]] in [[fresh water]]. Char may either be [[landlocked]] or [[anadromous]], [[Migration|migrating]] to the [[sea]]. No other freshwater fish is found as far north. It is the only fish species in [[Lake Hazen]]<nowiki/>on [[Ellesmere Island]] in the [[Northern Canada|Canadian Arctic]]. It is one of the rarest fish species in [[United Kingdom|Britain]].<ref>''Advances in Invertebrates and Fish Telemetry'', eds. Jean Paul Lagardere; Marie-Laure Begout Anras; Guy Claireaux (Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1998), p. 173</ref>Found only in deep, cold, [[glacial lake]]s, and is at risk from [[acid]]ification. In other parts of its range, such as [[Scandinavia]], it is much more common, and is [[fishery|fished]] extensively. It is also common in the [[Alps]], (particularly in [[Trentino]] and in the mountain part of [[Lombardy]]). Char are also found in [[Iceland]]. In [[Siberia]], it is known as ''golets''. The Arctic char is a [[:wikt:relative|relative]] of both [[Atlantic salmon|salmon]] and [[lake trout]]. It shares [[Trait (biology)|traits]] with both. The char's color depends on the time of year and where it lives.<ref name=Wicksteed319>Julian Wicksteed, ''ALASKA Angler Walkabout Series - Book 3'' (Angler Walkabout Publications, 2012), p. 319</ref> The back is usually dark [[brown]] or [[green|olive green]]. It has dark [[:wikt:spot|spots]] on a light [[:wikt:background|background]] on its sides, and the color can be [[Gold (color)|gold]], brown, [[red]], or [[Orange (color)|orange]]. At [[Spawn (biology)|spawning]], the [[fin]]s and [[belly]] become bright red or orange. == References == {{reflist}} {{Trouts}} {{Commons category|Salvelinus alpinus}} [[Category:Freshwater fish]] [[Category:Salmoniformes]] {{biology-stub}} ch9p0ld6ftnzg0xbdqpd9dgiz9ipzkx 0 451260 10368634 8722639 2025-07-03T01:27:16Z 2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4 10368634 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox character | colour = Mediumaquamarine | name = Professor Ludwig Von Drake | image = | caption = | first = ''[[Walt Disney anthology series|The Wonderful World of Color]]'' (September 24, 1961) | creator = {{Flatlist| * [[Walt Disney]] * [[Milt Kahl]] * [[Ward Kimball]] }} | voice = {{Plainlist| * [[Paul Frees]] (1961–1986) * [[Wayne Allwine]] (1985; ''Ludwig's Think Tank'') * [[Albert Ash]] (1987) * [[Corey Burton]] (1987–present)<ref name="coreyburton.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.coreyburton.com/distv.html|title=CoreyBurton- DISNEY TV|website=www.coreyburton.com|access-date=2015-08-02|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304230412/http://www.coreyburton.com/distv.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> }} | alias = | species = American Pekin [[Duck]] | gender = Male | occupation = Scientist | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Donald Duck]] (grandnephew) * [[Huey, Dewey, and Louie]] (great-grandnephews) }} | nationality = [[Austria]]n | noinfo = yes }} '''Professor Ludwig Von Drake''' is a fictional [[Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] white duck. He is one of [[Walt Disney]]'s [[cartoon]] and [[comic book]] characters. == Overview == Von Drake first appeared in ''[[Walt Disney anthology series|The Wonderful World of Color]]'' in 1961.<ref>{{cite book| last = Cotter | first = Bill|title = The Wonderful World of Disney Television - A Complete History | url = https://archive.org/details/wonderfulworldof0000cott | publisher = [[Hyperion Books]] | year = 1997 | location = New York | pages = [https://archive.org/details/wonderfulworldof0000cott/page/67 67], 76 | isbn = 0-7868-6359-5 }}</ref> [[Paul Frees]] was the original voice actor. The Professor is a [[scientist]], [[psychologist]], and road traveler. He is from [[Vienna]], [[Austria]]. He enjoys learning. When asked for help from other characters, he usually has a university degree about the topic. [[Paul Frees]] was the original voice of Ludwig Von Drake. After Frees' death in 1986, [[Walker Edmiston]] and Albert Ash took over the role.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.newsfromme.com/archives/2007_02_22.html#012979 |title=news from me - ARCHIVES<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2015-08-02 |archive-date=2007-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070226102242/http://www.newsfromme.com/archives/2007_02_22.html#012979 |url-status=dead }}</ref> As of 1988, [[Corey Burton]] has voiced the character.<ref name="coreyburton.com"/> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{imdb character|0000632}} {{Disney Characters}} [[Category:Fictional characters introduced in 1961]] [[Category:Fictional ducks]] [[Category:Mickey Mouse universe characters]] {{multistub|tv|lit}} rp8j5ri7mdpl2z7lwmi462l54e9soe1 10368674 10368634 2025-07-03T01:58:24Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4|2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4]] ([[User talk:2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4|talk]]) identified as [[WP:VAND|vandalism]] to last revision by MathXplore. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368674 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox character | colour = Mediumaquamarine | name = Professor Ludwig Von Drake | image = | caption = | first = ''[[Walt Disney anthology series|The Wonderful World of Color]]'' (September 24, 1961) | creator = {{Flatlist| * [[Walt Disney]] * [[Milt Kahl]] * [[Ward Kimball]] }} | voice = {{Plainlist| * [[Paul Frees]] (1961–1986) * [[Wayne Allwine]] (1985; ''Ludwig's Think Tank'') * [[Albert Ash]] (1987) * [[Corey Burton]] (1987–present)<ref name="coreyburton.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.coreyburton.com/distv.html|title=CoreyBurton- DISNEY TV|website=www.coreyburton.com|access-date=2015-08-02|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304230412/http://www.coreyburton.com/distv.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> }} | alias = | species = [[Duck]] | gender = Male | occupation = Scientist | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Donald Duck]] (grandnephew) * [[Huey, Dewey, and Louie]] (great-grandnephews) }} | nationality = [[Austria]]n | noinfo = yes }} '''Professor Ludwig Von Drake''' is a fictional duck. He is one of [[Walt Disney]]'s [[cartoon]] and [[comic book]] characters. == Overview == Von Drake first appeared in ''[[Walt Disney anthology series|The Wonderful World of Color]]'' in 1961.<ref>{{cite book| last = Cotter | first = Bill|title = The Wonderful World of Disney Television - A Complete History | url = https://archive.org/details/wonderfulworldof0000cott | publisher = [[Hyperion Books]] | year = 1997 | location = New York | pages = [https://archive.org/details/wonderfulworldof0000cott/page/67 67], 76 | isbn = 0-7868-6359-5 }}</ref> [[Paul Frees]] was the original voice actor. The Professor is a [[scientist]], [[psychologist]], and road traveler. He is from [[Vienna]], [[Austria]]. He enjoys learning. When asked for help from other characters, he usually has a university degree about the topic. [[Paul Frees]] was the original voice of Ludwig Von Drake. After Frees' death in 1986, [[Walker Edmiston]] and Albert Ash took over the role.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.newsfromme.com/archives/2007_02_22.html#012979 |title=news from me - ARCHIVES<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2015-08-02 |archive-date=2007-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070226102242/http://www.newsfromme.com/archives/2007_02_22.html#012979 |url-status=dead }}</ref> As of 1988, [[Corey Burton]] has voiced the character.<ref name="coreyburton.com"/> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{imdb character|0000632}} {{Disney Characters}} [[Category:Fictional characters introduced in 1961]] [[Category:Fictional ducks]] [[Category:Mickey Mouse universe characters]] {{multistub|tv|lit}} 6iuz18l7izos1hjxre2ckwxq46mzfuw 0 452513 10367688 10334801 2025-07-02T13:31:27Z HibariFan01 1550218 /* Programs */ 10367688 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television channel | name = Cartoon Network | logo = Cartoon Network 2010 logo.svg | logo_caption = Current logo used since 2023 | launch_date = {{Start date and age|1997|10|17}} | closed_date ={{End date and age|2023|3|27}} (Teletoon) | picture_format = [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]]<br />{{small|(downscaled to [[480i]] [[Letterboxing (filming)|letterbox]] for the [[Standard-definition television|SDTV]] feed)}} | owner = [[Corus Entertainment]] | parent = The Cartoon Network, Inc. | country = [[Canada]] | language = English | area = Nationwide | headquarters = [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]] | sister_channels = [[Télétoon]]<br>[[Adult Swim (Canadian TV channel)|Adult Swim]]<br>[[Boomerang (TV network)|Boomerang]] | timeshift_service = Cartoon Network East<br/>Cartoon Network West | website = {{url|https://www.cartoonnetwork.ca|cartoonnetwork.ca}} | sat_serv_1 = [[Bell Satellite TV]] | sat_chan_1 = Channel 554 (East)<br/>Channel 555 (West)<br/>Channel 1653 (HD) | sat_serv_2 = [[Shaw Direct]] | sat_chan_2 = Channel 544/171 (East)<br/>Channel 545/172 (West)<br/>Channel 72/572 (HD) | cable_serv_1 = [[Rogers Cable]] (New Brunswick) | cable_chan_1 = Channel 40 (East)<br/>Channel 144 (West) | iptv_serv_1 = [[Fibe (Bell Aliant)|Bell Aliant Fibe TV]] | iptv_chan_1 = Channel 254 (SD)<br/>Channel 502 (HD) | iptv_serv_2 = [[Bell Fibe TV]] | iptv_chan_2 = Channel 554 (East)<br/>Channel 555 (West)<br/>Channel 1554 (East HD) | iptv_serv_3 = [[Bell MTS]] | iptv_chan_3 = Channel 151 (East)<br/>Channel 152 (West)<br/>Channel 1151 (East HD) | iptv_serv_4 = [[Telus TV|Optik TV]] | iptv_chan_4 = Channel 623 (East)<br/>Channel 622 (West)<br/>Channel 622 (West HD) | iptv_serv_5 = [[SaskTel]] | iptv_chan_5 = Channel 90 (East)<br/>Channel 95 (West) | iptv_serv_6 = [[VMedia]] | iptv_chan_6 = Channel 45 (East HD) | iptv_serv_7 = [[TotalTV (Canadian TV provider)|TotalTV]] | iptv_chan_7 = Channel 145 (East HD) | iptv_serv_8 = [[RiverTV]] | iptv_chan_8 = Channel 22 (HD) | online_serv_1 = [[StackTV]] | online_chan_1 = [[Internet Protocol television]] }} '''Cartoon Network''' (formerly Teletoon from 1997-2023) is a [[Canada|Canadian]] [[English language|English]] [[television channel]]. It is owned by Corus Entertainment. The channel shows mostly cartoons. Its live-action programs are usually movies. Most programs are for family. Teletoon at Night broadcasts from 9:00 p.m. to 12:00 a.m.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.teletoon.com/|title=TELETOON / TÉLÉTOON|date=12 October 1999|access-date=26 December 2014|archive-date=12 October 1999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991012021614/http://www.teletoon.com/|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> ==Information And Logos== Teletoon usually shows animated series. There are original ones and imported ones. Its daytime shows are for children and younger teenagers. Nighttime shows are for older teenagers and adults. Teletoon operates two feeds. One is for the [[Eastern Time Zone (North America)|Eastern Time Zone]]. The other is for the [[Pacific Time Zone]]. As of 2013, Teletoon and its French-language version were available in over 7.3 million Canadian homes.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140519223035/http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/1269457/teletoon-canada-s-comedy-filled-lineup-delivers-warm-laughter-this-winter http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/1269457/teletoon-canada-s-comedy-filled-lineup-delivers-warm-laughter-this-winter]</ref> In 2013, Corus Entertainment bought Teletoon from Teletoon Canada Inc. for 37 million dollars. The old logo is a face, The face got redesigned in 2001, giving it a more clearly way. In 2007, Teletoon removed the face and freshly got a new look. To coincide with [[Astral Media]]'s anniverasry, Teletoon got a 3D redesign based on the last logo. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.corusent.com/news/corus-entertainment-receives-crtc-approval-on-teletoon-canada-inc-historia-and-s%c2%8eries-acquisitions/|title=Corus Entertainment Receives CRTC Approval on TELETOON Canada Inc., Historia and Series+ Acquisitions|website=Corus Entertainment|access-date=2019-02-15|archive-date=2017-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827123239/http://www.corusent.com/news/corus-entertainment-receives-crtc-approval-on-teletoon-canada-inc-historia-and-s%c2%8eries-acquisitions/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===2001-2007 Logos=== <gallery> File:Teletoon 2005.png|2001-2007 </gallery> ===2007-2023 Logos=== <gallery> File:Teletoon original logo.svg|2007-2023 File:Teletoon logo 2007.svg|2007-2011 File:Télétoon 2014 logo.png|2014 (Québéc) </gallery> ==Programs== * [[Adventure Time: Fionna and Cake]] * [[Bravest Warriors]] * [[Craig of the Creek]] * [[Detentionaire]] * [[Gremlins: The Wild Batch]] * [[Hotel Transylvania: The Series]] * [[Jellystone!]] * [[My Adventures with Superman]] * [[Mysticons]] * [[Pokémon]] * [[Rescue Heroes]] * [[Supernoobs]] * [[Teen Titans Go!]] * [[Total Drama Island]] * [[We Baby Bears]] ==Former programming== * [[Angela Anaconda]] * [[Bad Dog]] * [[Best Ed]] * [[Bolts and Blip]] * [[Caillou]] (September 15, 1997―September 6, 2009)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://variety.com/1999/tv/news/pbs-welcomes-caillou-1117502963/ | title=PBS welcomes 'Caillou' | date=June 10, 1999}}</ref> * [[Camp Lakebottom]] * [[Detentionaire]] * [[Donkey Kong Country (TV series)]] * [[Flying Rhino Junior High]] * [[Fly Tales]] * [[Hot Wheels: Battle Force 5]] * [[George of the Jungle]] * [[Iggy Arbuckle]] * [[Inspector Gadget]] * [[Johnny Test]] * [[Kaput and Zosky]] * [[The Kids from Room 402]] * [[Kid Paddle]] * [[Looped]] * [[Maggie and the Ferocious Beast]] * [[Marvin the Tap-Dancing Horse]] * [[Matt Hatter Chronicles]] * [[Mega Babies]] * [[MetaJets]] * [[Nothing but Monsters]] * [[Pecola]] * [[Pig City]] * [[Ratz]] * [[Redwall (TV series)|Redwall]] * [[Rescue Heroes]] * [[Stoked]] * [[Super Dinosaur]] * [[Supernoobs]] * [[The Adventures of Paddington Bear]] * [[Untalkative Bunny]] * [[What's with Andy?]] * [[Wishfart]] * [[The Zimmer Twins]] ==Other acquired programming== * [[Archie's weird Mysteries]] * [[Bunnicula]] * [[Courage the Cowardly Dog]] * [[Cyberchase]] * [[Darwin's Yearbook]] * [[Dinofroz]] * [[Grojband]] * [[Grossology]] * [[League of Super Evil]] * [[Lego City Adventures]] * [[Mao Mao: Heroes of Pure Heart]] * [[The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack]] * [[Masha and the Bear]] * [[Mixels]] * [[Oddbods]] * [[Pelswick]] * [[Police Academy]] * [[Robocar Poli]] * [[Star Wars: Galaxy of Adventures]] * [[Steven Universe]] * [[Summer Camp Island]] * [[The Christmas Calendar]] * [[The Fungies!]] * [[Those Scurvy Rascals]] * [[Unikitty!]] * [[Voltron Force]] * [[We Bare Bears]] ==Anime programming== * [[Battle B-Daman: Crossfire]] * [[Bakugan]] * [[Beyblade: Metal Saga]] * [[Cardcaptor Sakura]] * [[Crayon Shin Chan]] * [[Cromatie High School]] * [[Cybersix]] * [[Domo (TV)]] * [[Dragon Ball Z]] * [[Future Card Buddyguard]] * [[Great Teacher Onizuka]] * [[Mega Man NT Warrior]] * [[Mega Man Star Force]] * [[Ninja Scroll: The Series]] * [[Outlaw Star]] * [[Spider Riders]] * [[Tenkai Knights]] * [[Turning Mecard]] * [[Yokai-Watch]] * [[Yu-G-Oh Arc-V]] ==Live Action series== * [[Goosebumps]] * [[Hole in the Wall]] * [[Just Kidding]] * [[Majority Rules]] * [[Mudpit]] * [[My Babysitter's a Vampire]] * [[Splatalot]] ===Timesharing history=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" | colspan="4" style="background:orange; color:blue; font-size:100%" align="center" width="500px" | Timeline of Teletoon's Operation Hours |- ! Date ! Information ! Sign-Off ! Sign-On |- | 1997-2002, 2019-present | Teletoon was on 24 hours a day. | - | - |- | 2002-2011 | Teletoon switched to The Detour on Teletoon/Teletoon Detour/Teletoon at Night | 9:00pm | 4:00am |- |- | 2011-2015 | Teletoon switched hours |9:00pm |3:00am |- |- |2015-2016 | Teletoon has retro programming |10:00pm (Monday-Thursday)<br/>12:00am (Friday-Sunday) |1:00am (Monday-Thursday)<br/>3:00am (Friday-Sunday) |- |- |2016 | Teletoon became 24/7 every weekend. | 10:00pm (Monday-Thursday) | 12:00am (Monday-Thursday) |- |- |2017 | Teletoon dropped it's 24/7 schedule on weekends. | 8:00pm (Monday-Thursday)<br/>10:00pm (Friday)<br/>9:00pm (Saturday-Sunday) | 3:00am |- |- | 2017-2019 | Teletoon at Night switched hours to 9:00pm Every Night. | 9:00pm | 3:00am |- |- |} ==Other websites== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120814175741/http://www.teletoon.com/en/ Teletoon Website (Archived Due To The Wayback Machine)] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090910061904/http://www.teletoonatnight.com/ Teletoon At Night] ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:1997 establishments in Canada]] [[Category:Canadian television channels]] [[Category:Cartoon Network]] 4k0yxbje56f2l58upib8ovgfntv9s8v 10367696 10367688 2025-07-02T13:35:00Z HibariFan01 1550218 /* Former programming */ 10367696 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television channel | name = Cartoon Network | logo = Cartoon Network 2010 logo.svg | logo_caption = Current logo used since 2023 | launch_date = {{Start date and age|1997|10|17}} | closed_date ={{End date and age|2023|3|27}} (Teletoon) | picture_format = [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]]<br />{{small|(downscaled to [[480i]] [[Letterboxing (filming)|letterbox]] for the [[Standard-definition television|SDTV]] feed)}} | owner = [[Corus Entertainment]] | parent = The Cartoon Network, Inc. | country = [[Canada]] | language = English | area = Nationwide | headquarters = [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]] | sister_channels = [[Télétoon]]<br>[[Adult Swim (Canadian TV channel)|Adult Swim]]<br>[[Boomerang (TV network)|Boomerang]] | timeshift_service = Cartoon Network East<br/>Cartoon Network West | website = {{url|https://www.cartoonnetwork.ca|cartoonnetwork.ca}} | sat_serv_1 = [[Bell Satellite TV]] | sat_chan_1 = Channel 554 (East)<br/>Channel 555 (West)<br/>Channel 1653 (HD) | sat_serv_2 = [[Shaw Direct]] | sat_chan_2 = Channel 544/171 (East)<br/>Channel 545/172 (West)<br/>Channel 72/572 (HD) | cable_serv_1 = [[Rogers Cable]] (New Brunswick) | cable_chan_1 = Channel 40 (East)<br/>Channel 144 (West) | iptv_serv_1 = [[Fibe (Bell Aliant)|Bell Aliant Fibe TV]] | iptv_chan_1 = Channel 254 (SD)<br/>Channel 502 (HD) | iptv_serv_2 = [[Bell Fibe TV]] | iptv_chan_2 = Channel 554 (East)<br/>Channel 555 (West)<br/>Channel 1554 (East HD) | iptv_serv_3 = [[Bell MTS]] | iptv_chan_3 = Channel 151 (East)<br/>Channel 152 (West)<br/>Channel 1151 (East HD) | iptv_serv_4 = [[Telus TV|Optik TV]] | iptv_chan_4 = Channel 623 (East)<br/>Channel 622 (West)<br/>Channel 622 (West HD) | iptv_serv_5 = [[SaskTel]] | iptv_chan_5 = Channel 90 (East)<br/>Channel 95 (West) | iptv_serv_6 = [[VMedia]] | iptv_chan_6 = Channel 45 (East HD) | iptv_serv_7 = [[TotalTV (Canadian TV provider)|TotalTV]] | iptv_chan_7 = Channel 145 (East HD) | iptv_serv_8 = [[RiverTV]] | iptv_chan_8 = Channel 22 (HD) | online_serv_1 = [[StackTV]] | online_chan_1 = [[Internet Protocol television]] }} '''Cartoon Network''' (formerly Teletoon from 1997-2023) is a [[Canada|Canadian]] [[English language|English]] [[television channel]]. It is owned by Corus Entertainment. The channel shows mostly cartoons. Its live-action programs are usually movies. Most programs are for family. Teletoon at Night broadcasts from 9:00 p.m. to 12:00 a.m.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.teletoon.com/|title=TELETOON / TÉLÉTOON|date=12 October 1999|access-date=26 December 2014|archive-date=12 October 1999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991012021614/http://www.teletoon.com/|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> ==Information And Logos== Teletoon usually shows animated series. There are original ones and imported ones. Its daytime shows are for children and younger teenagers. Nighttime shows are for older teenagers and adults. Teletoon operates two feeds. One is for the [[Eastern Time Zone (North America)|Eastern Time Zone]]. The other is for the [[Pacific Time Zone]]. As of 2013, Teletoon and its French-language version were available in over 7.3 million Canadian homes.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140519223035/http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/1269457/teletoon-canada-s-comedy-filled-lineup-delivers-warm-laughter-this-winter http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/1269457/teletoon-canada-s-comedy-filled-lineup-delivers-warm-laughter-this-winter]</ref> In 2013, Corus Entertainment bought Teletoon from Teletoon Canada Inc. for 37 million dollars. The old logo is a face, The face got redesigned in 2001, giving it a more clearly way. In 2007, Teletoon removed the face and freshly got a new look. To coincide with [[Astral Media]]'s anniverasry, Teletoon got a 3D redesign based on the last logo. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.corusent.com/news/corus-entertainment-receives-crtc-approval-on-teletoon-canada-inc-historia-and-s%c2%8eries-acquisitions/|title=Corus Entertainment Receives CRTC Approval on TELETOON Canada Inc., Historia and Series+ Acquisitions|website=Corus Entertainment|access-date=2019-02-15|archive-date=2017-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827123239/http://www.corusent.com/news/corus-entertainment-receives-crtc-approval-on-teletoon-canada-inc-historia-and-s%c2%8eries-acquisitions/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===2001-2007 Logos=== <gallery> File:Teletoon 2005.png|2001-2007 </gallery> ===2007-2023 Logos=== <gallery> File:Teletoon original logo.svg|2007-2023 File:Teletoon logo 2007.svg|2007-2011 File:Télétoon 2014 logo.png|2014 (Québéc) </gallery> ==Programs== * [[Adventure Time: Fionna and Cake]] * [[Bravest Warriors]] * [[Craig of the Creek]] * [[Detentionaire]] * [[Gremlins: The Wild Batch]] * [[Hotel Transylvania: The Series]] * [[Jellystone!]] * [[My Adventures with Superman]] * [[Mysticons]] * [[Pokémon]] * [[Rescue Heroes]] * [[Supernoobs]] * [[Teen Titans Go!]] * [[Total Drama Island]] * [[We Baby Bears]] ==Former programming== * [[Angela Anaconda]] * [[Bad Dog]] * [[Best Ed]] * [[Bolts and Blip]] * [[Caillou]] (September 15, 1997―September 6, 2009)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://variety.com/1999/tv/news/pbs-welcomes-caillou-1117502963/ | title=PBS welcomes 'Caillou' | date=June 10, 1999}}</ref> * [[Camp Lakebottom]] * [[Detentionaire]] * [[Di-Gata Defenders]] * [[Donkey Kong Country (TV series)]] * [[Flying Rhino Junior High]] * [[Fly Tales]] * [[Hot Wheels: Battle Force 5]] * [[George of the Jungle]] * [[Iggy Arbuckle]] * [[Inspector Gadget]] * [[Johnny Test]] * [[Kaput and Zosky]] * [[The Day my Butt went pshycho!]] * [[The Kids from Room 402]] * [[Kid Paddle]] * [[Looped]] * [[Maggie and the Ferocious Beast]] * [[Marvin the Tap-Dancing Horse]] * [[Matt Hatter Chronicles]] * [[Mega Babies]] * [[MetaJets]] * [[Nothing but Monsters]] * [[Pecola]] * [[Pig City]] * [[Ratz]] * [[Redwall (TV series)|Redwall]] * [[Stoked]] * [[Super Dinosaur]] * [[Supernoobs]] * [[The Adventures of Paddington Bear]] * [[Untalkative Bunny]] * [[What's with Andy?]] * [[Wishfart]] * [[The Zimmer Twins]] ==Other acquired programming== * [[Archie's weird Mysteries]] * [[Bunnicula]] * [[Courage the Cowardly Dog]] * [[Cyberchase]] * [[Darwin's Yearbook]] * [[Dinofroz]] * [[Grojband]] * [[Grossology]] * [[League of Super Evil]] * [[Lego City Adventures]] * [[Mao Mao: Heroes of Pure Heart]] * [[The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack]] * [[Masha and the Bear]] * [[Mixels]] * [[Oddbods]] * [[Pelswick]] * [[Police Academy]] * [[Robocar Poli]] * [[Star Wars: Galaxy of Adventures]] * [[Steven Universe]] * [[Summer Camp Island]] * [[The Christmas Calendar]] * [[The Fungies!]] * [[Those Scurvy Rascals]] * [[Unikitty!]] * [[Voltron Force]] * [[We Bare Bears]] ==Anime programming== * [[Battle B-Daman: Crossfire]] * [[Bakugan]] * [[Beyblade: Metal Saga]] * [[Cardcaptor Sakura]] * [[Crayon Shin Chan]] * [[Cromatie High School]] * [[Cybersix]] * [[Domo (TV)]] * [[Dragon Ball Z]] * [[Future Card Buddyguard]] * [[Great Teacher Onizuka]] * [[Mega Man NT Warrior]] * [[Mega Man Star Force]] * [[Ninja Scroll: The Series]] * [[Outlaw Star]] * [[Spider Riders]] * [[Tenkai Knights]] * [[Turning Mecard]] * [[Yokai-Watch]] * [[Yu-G-Oh Arc-V]] ==Live Action series== * [[Goosebumps]] * [[Hole in the Wall]] * [[Just Kidding]] * [[Majority Rules]] * [[Mudpit]] * [[My Babysitter's a Vampire]] * [[Splatalot]] ===Timesharing history=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" | colspan="4" style="background:orange; color:blue; font-size:100%" align="center" width="500px" | Timeline of Teletoon's Operation Hours |- ! Date ! Information ! Sign-Off ! Sign-On |- | 1997-2002, 2019-present | Teletoon was on 24 hours a day. | - | - |- | 2002-2011 | Teletoon switched to The Detour on Teletoon/Teletoon Detour/Teletoon at Night | 9:00pm | 4:00am |- |- | 2011-2015 | Teletoon switched hours |9:00pm |3:00am |- |- |2015-2016 | Teletoon has retro programming |10:00pm (Monday-Thursday)<br/>12:00am (Friday-Sunday) |1:00am (Monday-Thursday)<br/>3:00am (Friday-Sunday) |- |- |2016 | Teletoon became 24/7 every weekend. | 10:00pm (Monday-Thursday) | 12:00am (Monday-Thursday) |- |- |2017 | Teletoon dropped it's 24/7 schedule on weekends. | 8:00pm (Monday-Thursday)<br/>10:00pm (Friday)<br/>9:00pm (Saturday-Sunday) | 3:00am |- |- | 2017-2019 | Teletoon at Night switched hours to 9:00pm Every Night. | 9:00pm | 3:00am |- |- |} ==Other websites== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120814175741/http://www.teletoon.com/en/ Teletoon Website (Archived Due To The Wayback Machine)] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090910061904/http://www.teletoonatnight.com/ Teletoon At Night] ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:1997 establishments in Canada]] [[Category:Canadian television channels]] [[Category:Cartoon Network]] nukoyo3kfdpxzaqrap3p6inplj5t9sb 10367697 10367696 2025-07-02T13:35:20Z HibariFan01 1550218 /* Former programming */ 10367697 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television channel | name = Cartoon Network | logo = Cartoon Network 2010 logo.svg | logo_caption = Current logo used since 2023 | launch_date = {{Start date and age|1997|10|17}} | closed_date ={{End date and age|2023|3|27}} (Teletoon) | picture_format = [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]]<br />{{small|(downscaled to [[480i]] [[Letterboxing (filming)|letterbox]] for the [[Standard-definition television|SDTV]] feed)}} | owner = [[Corus Entertainment]] | parent = The Cartoon Network, Inc. | country = [[Canada]] | language = English | area = Nationwide | headquarters = [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]] | sister_channels = [[Télétoon]]<br>[[Adult Swim (Canadian TV channel)|Adult Swim]]<br>[[Boomerang (TV network)|Boomerang]] | timeshift_service = Cartoon Network East<br/>Cartoon Network West | website = {{url|https://www.cartoonnetwork.ca|cartoonnetwork.ca}} | sat_serv_1 = [[Bell Satellite TV]] | sat_chan_1 = Channel 554 (East)<br/>Channel 555 (West)<br/>Channel 1653 (HD) | sat_serv_2 = [[Shaw Direct]] | sat_chan_2 = Channel 544/171 (East)<br/>Channel 545/172 (West)<br/>Channel 72/572 (HD) | cable_serv_1 = [[Rogers Cable]] (New Brunswick) | cable_chan_1 = Channel 40 (East)<br/>Channel 144 (West) | iptv_serv_1 = [[Fibe (Bell Aliant)|Bell Aliant Fibe TV]] | iptv_chan_1 = Channel 254 (SD)<br/>Channel 502 (HD) | iptv_serv_2 = [[Bell Fibe TV]] | iptv_chan_2 = Channel 554 (East)<br/>Channel 555 (West)<br/>Channel 1554 (East HD) | iptv_serv_3 = [[Bell MTS]] | iptv_chan_3 = Channel 151 (East)<br/>Channel 152 (West)<br/>Channel 1151 (East HD) | iptv_serv_4 = [[Telus TV|Optik TV]] | iptv_chan_4 = Channel 623 (East)<br/>Channel 622 (West)<br/>Channel 622 (West HD) | iptv_serv_5 = [[SaskTel]] | iptv_chan_5 = Channel 90 (East)<br/>Channel 95 (West) | iptv_serv_6 = [[VMedia]] | iptv_chan_6 = Channel 45 (East HD) | iptv_serv_7 = [[TotalTV (Canadian TV provider)|TotalTV]] | iptv_chan_7 = Channel 145 (East HD) | iptv_serv_8 = [[RiverTV]] | iptv_chan_8 = Channel 22 (HD) | online_serv_1 = [[StackTV]] | online_chan_1 = [[Internet Protocol television]] }} '''Cartoon Network''' (formerly Teletoon from 1997-2023) is a [[Canada|Canadian]] [[English language|English]] [[television channel]]. It is owned by Corus Entertainment. The channel shows mostly cartoons. Its live-action programs are usually movies. Most programs are for family. Teletoon at Night broadcasts from 9:00 p.m. to 12:00 a.m.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.teletoon.com/|title=TELETOON / TÉLÉTOON|date=12 October 1999|access-date=26 December 2014|archive-date=12 October 1999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991012021614/http://www.teletoon.com/|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> ==Information And Logos== Teletoon usually shows animated series. There are original ones and imported ones. Its daytime shows are for children and younger teenagers. Nighttime shows are for older teenagers and adults. Teletoon operates two feeds. One is for the [[Eastern Time Zone (North America)|Eastern Time Zone]]. The other is for the [[Pacific Time Zone]]. As of 2013, Teletoon and its French-language version were available in over 7.3 million Canadian homes.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140519223035/http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/1269457/teletoon-canada-s-comedy-filled-lineup-delivers-warm-laughter-this-winter http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/1269457/teletoon-canada-s-comedy-filled-lineup-delivers-warm-laughter-this-winter]</ref> In 2013, Corus Entertainment bought Teletoon from Teletoon Canada Inc. for 37 million dollars. The old logo is a face, The face got redesigned in 2001, giving it a more clearly way. In 2007, Teletoon removed the face and freshly got a new look. To coincide with [[Astral Media]]'s anniverasry, Teletoon got a 3D redesign based on the last logo. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.corusent.com/news/corus-entertainment-receives-crtc-approval-on-teletoon-canada-inc-historia-and-s%c2%8eries-acquisitions/|title=Corus Entertainment Receives CRTC Approval on TELETOON Canada Inc., Historia and Series+ Acquisitions|website=Corus Entertainment|access-date=2019-02-15|archive-date=2017-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827123239/http://www.corusent.com/news/corus-entertainment-receives-crtc-approval-on-teletoon-canada-inc-historia-and-s%c2%8eries-acquisitions/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===2001-2007 Logos=== <gallery> File:Teletoon 2005.png|2001-2007 </gallery> ===2007-2023 Logos=== <gallery> File:Teletoon original logo.svg|2007-2023 File:Teletoon logo 2007.svg|2007-2011 File:Télétoon 2014 logo.png|2014 (Québéc) </gallery> ==Programs== * [[Adventure Time: Fionna and Cake]] * [[Bravest Warriors]] * [[Craig of the Creek]] * [[Detentionaire]] * [[Gremlins: The Wild Batch]] * [[Hotel Transylvania: The Series]] * [[Jellystone!]] * [[My Adventures with Superman]] * [[Mysticons]] * [[Pokémon]] * [[Rescue Heroes]] * [[Supernoobs]] * [[Teen Titans Go!]] * [[Total Drama Island]] * [[We Baby Bears]] ==Former programming== * [[Angela Anaconda]] * [[Bad Dog]] * [[Best Ed]] * [[Bolts and Blip]] * [[Caillou]] (September 15, 1997―September 6, 2009)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://variety.com/1999/tv/news/pbs-welcomes-caillou-1117502963/ | title=PBS welcomes 'Caillou' | date=June 10, 1999}}</ref> * [[Camp Lakebottom]] * [[Detentionaire]] * [[Di-Gata Defenders]] * [[Donkey Kong Country (TV series)]] * [[Flying Rhino Junior High]] * [[Fly Tales]] * [[Hot Wheels: Battle Force 5]] * [[George of the Jungle]] * [[Iggy Arbuckle]] * [[Inspector Gadget]] * [[Johnny Test]] * [[Kaput and Zosky]] * [[The Day my Butt went psycho!]] * [[The Kids from Room 402]] * [[Kid Paddle]] * [[Looped]] * [[Maggie and the Ferocious Beast]] * [[Marvin the Tap-Dancing Horse]] * [[Matt Hatter Chronicles]] * [[Mega Babies]] * [[MetaJets]] * [[Nothing but Monsters]] * [[Pecola]] * [[Pig City]] * [[Ratz]] * [[Redwall (TV series)|Redwall]] * [[Stoked]] * [[Super Dinosaur]] * [[Supernoobs]] * [[The Adventures of Paddington Bear]] * [[Untalkative Bunny]] * [[What's with Andy?]] * [[Wishfart]] * [[The Zimmer Twins]] ==Other acquired programming== * [[Archie's weird Mysteries]] * [[Bunnicula]] * [[Courage the Cowardly Dog]] * [[Cyberchase]] * [[Darwin's Yearbook]] * [[Dinofroz]] * [[Grojband]] * [[Grossology]] * [[League of Super Evil]] * [[Lego City Adventures]] * [[Mao Mao: Heroes of Pure Heart]] * [[The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack]] * [[Masha and the Bear]] * [[Mixels]] * [[Oddbods]] * [[Pelswick]] * [[Police Academy]] * [[Robocar Poli]] * [[Star Wars: Galaxy of Adventures]] * [[Steven Universe]] * [[Summer Camp Island]] * [[The Christmas Calendar]] * [[The Fungies!]] * [[Those Scurvy Rascals]] * [[Unikitty!]] * [[Voltron Force]] * [[We Bare Bears]] ==Anime programming== * [[Battle B-Daman: Crossfire]] * [[Bakugan]] * [[Beyblade: Metal Saga]] * [[Cardcaptor Sakura]] * [[Crayon Shin Chan]] * [[Cromatie High School]] * [[Cybersix]] * [[Domo (TV)]] * [[Dragon Ball Z]] * [[Future Card Buddyguard]] * [[Great Teacher Onizuka]] * [[Mega Man NT Warrior]] * [[Mega Man Star Force]] * [[Ninja Scroll: The Series]] * [[Outlaw Star]] * [[Spider Riders]] * [[Tenkai Knights]] * [[Turning Mecard]] * [[Yokai-Watch]] * [[Yu-G-Oh Arc-V]] ==Live Action series== * [[Goosebumps]] * [[Hole in the Wall]] * [[Just Kidding]] * [[Majority Rules]] * [[Mudpit]] * [[My Babysitter's a Vampire]] * [[Splatalot]] ===Timesharing history=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" | colspan="4" style="background:orange; color:blue; font-size:100%" align="center" width="500px" | Timeline of Teletoon's Operation Hours |- ! Date ! Information ! Sign-Off ! Sign-On |- | 1997-2002, 2019-present | Teletoon was on 24 hours a day. | - | - |- | 2002-2011 | Teletoon switched to The Detour on Teletoon/Teletoon Detour/Teletoon at Night | 9:00pm | 4:00am |- |- | 2011-2015 | Teletoon switched hours |9:00pm |3:00am |- |- |2015-2016 | Teletoon has retro programming |10:00pm (Monday-Thursday)<br/>12:00am (Friday-Sunday) |1:00am (Monday-Thursday)<br/>3:00am (Friday-Sunday) |- |- |2016 | Teletoon became 24/7 every weekend. | 10:00pm (Monday-Thursday) | 12:00am (Monday-Thursday) |- |- |2017 | Teletoon dropped it's 24/7 schedule on weekends. | 8:00pm (Monday-Thursday)<br/>10:00pm (Friday)<br/>9:00pm (Saturday-Sunday) | 3:00am |- |- | 2017-2019 | Teletoon at Night switched hours to 9:00pm Every Night. | 9:00pm | 3:00am |- |- |} ==Other websites== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120814175741/http://www.teletoon.com/en/ Teletoon Website (Archived Due To The Wayback Machine)] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090910061904/http://www.teletoonatnight.com/ Teletoon At Night] ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:1997 establishments in Canada]] [[Category:Canadian television channels]] [[Category:Cartoon Network]] sr060pkggm2vv015avmyr1cwes4h6a5 10367705 10367697 2025-07-02T13:41:16Z HibariFan01 1550218 /* Other acquired programming */ 10367705 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television channel | name = Cartoon Network | logo = Cartoon Network 2010 logo.svg | logo_caption = Current logo used since 2023 | launch_date = {{Start date and age|1997|10|17}} | closed_date ={{End date and age|2023|3|27}} (Teletoon) | picture_format = [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]]<br />{{small|(downscaled to [[480i]] [[Letterboxing (filming)|letterbox]] for the [[Standard-definition television|SDTV]] feed)}} | owner = [[Corus Entertainment]] | parent = The Cartoon Network, Inc. | country = [[Canada]] | language = English | area = Nationwide | headquarters = [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]] | sister_channels = [[Télétoon]]<br>[[Adult Swim (Canadian TV channel)|Adult Swim]]<br>[[Boomerang (TV network)|Boomerang]] | timeshift_service = Cartoon Network East<br/>Cartoon Network West | website = {{url|https://www.cartoonnetwork.ca|cartoonnetwork.ca}} | sat_serv_1 = [[Bell Satellite TV]] | sat_chan_1 = Channel 554 (East)<br/>Channel 555 (West)<br/>Channel 1653 (HD) | sat_serv_2 = [[Shaw Direct]] | sat_chan_2 = Channel 544/171 (East)<br/>Channel 545/172 (West)<br/>Channel 72/572 (HD) | cable_serv_1 = [[Rogers Cable]] (New Brunswick) | cable_chan_1 = Channel 40 (East)<br/>Channel 144 (West) | iptv_serv_1 = [[Fibe (Bell Aliant)|Bell Aliant Fibe TV]] | iptv_chan_1 = Channel 254 (SD)<br/>Channel 502 (HD) | iptv_serv_2 = [[Bell Fibe TV]] | iptv_chan_2 = Channel 554 (East)<br/>Channel 555 (West)<br/>Channel 1554 (East HD) | iptv_serv_3 = [[Bell MTS]] | iptv_chan_3 = Channel 151 (East)<br/>Channel 152 (West)<br/>Channel 1151 (East HD) | iptv_serv_4 = [[Telus TV|Optik TV]] | iptv_chan_4 = Channel 623 (East)<br/>Channel 622 (West)<br/>Channel 622 (West HD) | iptv_serv_5 = [[SaskTel]] | iptv_chan_5 = Channel 90 (East)<br/>Channel 95 (West) | iptv_serv_6 = [[VMedia]] | iptv_chan_6 = Channel 45 (East HD) | iptv_serv_7 = [[TotalTV (Canadian TV provider)|TotalTV]] | iptv_chan_7 = Channel 145 (East HD) | iptv_serv_8 = [[RiverTV]] | iptv_chan_8 = Channel 22 (HD) | online_serv_1 = [[StackTV]] | online_chan_1 = [[Internet Protocol television]] }} '''Cartoon Network''' (formerly Teletoon from 1997-2023) is a [[Canada|Canadian]] [[English language|English]] [[television channel]]. It is owned by Corus Entertainment. The channel shows mostly cartoons. Its live-action programs are usually movies. Most programs are for family. Teletoon at Night broadcasts from 9:00 p.m. to 12:00 a.m.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.teletoon.com/|title=TELETOON / TÉLÉTOON|date=12 October 1999|access-date=26 December 2014|archive-date=12 October 1999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991012021614/http://www.teletoon.com/|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> ==Information And Logos== Teletoon usually shows animated series. There are original ones and imported ones. Its daytime shows are for children and younger teenagers. Nighttime shows are for older teenagers and adults. Teletoon operates two feeds. One is for the [[Eastern Time Zone (North America)|Eastern Time Zone]]. The other is for the [[Pacific Time Zone]]. As of 2013, Teletoon and its French-language version were available in over 7.3 million Canadian homes.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140519223035/http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/1269457/teletoon-canada-s-comedy-filled-lineup-delivers-warm-laughter-this-winter http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/1269457/teletoon-canada-s-comedy-filled-lineup-delivers-warm-laughter-this-winter]</ref> In 2013, Corus Entertainment bought Teletoon from Teletoon Canada Inc. for 37 million dollars. The old logo is a face, The face got redesigned in 2001, giving it a more clearly way. In 2007, Teletoon removed the face and freshly got a new look. To coincide with [[Astral Media]]'s anniverasry, Teletoon got a 3D redesign based on the last logo. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.corusent.com/news/corus-entertainment-receives-crtc-approval-on-teletoon-canada-inc-historia-and-s%c2%8eries-acquisitions/|title=Corus Entertainment Receives CRTC Approval on TELETOON Canada Inc., Historia and Series+ Acquisitions|website=Corus Entertainment|access-date=2019-02-15|archive-date=2017-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827123239/http://www.corusent.com/news/corus-entertainment-receives-crtc-approval-on-teletoon-canada-inc-historia-and-s%c2%8eries-acquisitions/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===2001-2007 Logos=== <gallery> File:Teletoon 2005.png|2001-2007 </gallery> ===2007-2023 Logos=== <gallery> File:Teletoon original logo.svg|2007-2023 File:Teletoon logo 2007.svg|2007-2011 File:Télétoon 2014 logo.png|2014 (Québéc) </gallery> ==Programs== * [[Adventure Time: Fionna and Cake]] * [[Bravest Warriors]] * [[Craig of the Creek]] * [[Detentionaire]] * [[Gremlins: The Wild Batch]] * [[Hotel Transylvania: The Series]] * [[Jellystone!]] * [[My Adventures with Superman]] * [[Mysticons]] * [[Pokémon]] * [[Rescue Heroes]] * [[Supernoobs]] * [[Teen Titans Go!]] * [[Total Drama Island]] * [[We Baby Bears]] ==Former programming== * [[Angela Anaconda]] * [[Bad Dog]] * [[Best Ed]] * [[Bolts and Blip]] * [[Caillou]] (September 15, 1997―September 6, 2009)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://variety.com/1999/tv/news/pbs-welcomes-caillou-1117502963/ | title=PBS welcomes 'Caillou' | date=June 10, 1999}}</ref> * [[Camp Lakebottom]] * [[Detentionaire]] * [[Di-Gata Defenders]] * [[Donkey Kong Country (TV series)]] * [[Flying Rhino Junior High]] * [[Fly Tales]] * [[Hot Wheels: Battle Force 5]] * [[George of the Jungle]] * [[Iggy Arbuckle]] * [[Inspector Gadget]] * [[Johnny Test]] * [[Kaput and Zosky]] * [[The Day my Butt went psycho!]] * [[The Kids from Room 402]] * [[Kid Paddle]] * [[Looped]] * [[Maggie and the Ferocious Beast]] * [[Marvin the Tap-Dancing Horse]] * [[Matt Hatter Chronicles]] * [[Mega Babies]] * [[MetaJets]] * [[Nothing but Monsters]] * [[Pecola]] * [[Pig City]] * [[Ratz]] * [[Redwall (TV series)|Redwall]] * [[Stoked]] * [[Super Dinosaur]] * [[Supernoobs]] * [[The Adventures of Paddington Bear]] * [[Untalkative Bunny]] * [[What's with Andy?]] * [[Wishfart]] * [[The Zimmer Twins]] ==Other acquired programming== * [[Archie's weird Mysteries]] * [[Bunnicula]] * [[Courage the Cowardly Dog]] * [[Cyberchase]] * [[Darwin's Yearbook]] * [[Dinofroz]] * [[Generator Rex]] * [[G.I Joe: Renegades]] * [[Grojband]] * [[Grossology]] * [[Larva]] * [[League of Super Evil]] * [[Lego City Adventures]] * [[Little Ellen]] * [[Mao Mao: Heroes of Pure Heart]] * [[The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack]] * [[Masha and the Bear]] * [[Mixels]] * [[Oddbods]] * [[Pelswick]] * [[Police Academy]] * [[Robocar Poli]] * [[Star Wars: Galaxy of Adventures]] * [[Steven Universe]] * [[Summer Camp Island]] * [[The Christmas Calendar]] * [[The Fungies!]] * [[Those Scurvy Rascals]] * [[Unikitty!]] * [[Voltron Force]] * [[We Bare Bears]] ==Anime programming== * [[Battle B-Daman: Crossfire]] * [[Bakugan]] * [[Beyblade: Metal Saga]] * [[Cardcaptor Sakura]] * [[Crayon Shin Chan]] * [[Cromatie High School]] * [[Cybersix]] * [[Domo (TV)]] * [[Dragon Ball Z]] * [[Future Card Buddyguard]] * [[Great Teacher Onizuka]] * [[Mega Man NT Warrior]] * [[Mega Man Star Force]] * [[Ninja Scroll: The Series]] * [[Outlaw Star]] * [[Spider Riders]] * [[Tenkai Knights]] * [[Turning Mecard]] * [[Yokai-Watch]] * [[Yu-G-Oh Arc-V]] ==Live Action series== * [[Goosebumps]] * [[Hole in the Wall]] * [[Just Kidding]] * [[Majority Rules]] * [[Mudpit]] * [[My Babysitter's a Vampire]] * [[Splatalot]] ===Timesharing history=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" | colspan="4" style="background:orange; color:blue; font-size:100%" align="center" width="500px" | Timeline of Teletoon's Operation Hours |- ! Date ! Information ! Sign-Off ! Sign-On |- | 1997-2002, 2019-present | Teletoon was on 24 hours a day. | - | - |- | 2002-2011 | Teletoon switched to The Detour on Teletoon/Teletoon Detour/Teletoon at Night | 9:00pm | 4:00am |- |- | 2011-2015 | Teletoon switched hours |9:00pm |3:00am |- |- |2015-2016 | Teletoon has retro programming |10:00pm (Monday-Thursday)<br/>12:00am (Friday-Sunday) |1:00am (Monday-Thursday)<br/>3:00am (Friday-Sunday) |- |- |2016 | Teletoon became 24/7 every weekend. | 10:00pm (Monday-Thursday) | 12:00am (Monday-Thursday) |- |- |2017 | Teletoon dropped it's 24/7 schedule on weekends. | 8:00pm (Monday-Thursday)<br/>10:00pm (Friday)<br/>9:00pm (Saturday-Sunday) | 3:00am |- |- | 2017-2019 | Teletoon at Night switched hours to 9:00pm Every Night. | 9:00pm | 3:00am |- |- |} ==Other websites== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120814175741/http://www.teletoon.com/en/ Teletoon Website (Archived Due To The Wayback Machine)] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090910061904/http://www.teletoonatnight.com/ Teletoon At Night] ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:1997 establishments in Canada]] [[Category:Canadian television channels]] [[Category:Cartoon Network]] gy897lkl5y1pxqzdqn0lv2zz1rmq0bf 10367708 10367705 2025-07-02T13:43:02Z HibariFan01 1550218 /* Live Action series */ 10367708 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television channel | name = Cartoon Network | logo = Cartoon Network 2010 logo.svg | logo_caption = Current logo used since 2023 | launch_date = {{Start date and age|1997|10|17}} | closed_date ={{End date and age|2023|3|27}} (Teletoon) | picture_format = [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]]<br />{{small|(downscaled to [[480i]] [[Letterboxing (filming)|letterbox]] for the [[Standard-definition television|SDTV]] feed)}} | owner = [[Corus Entertainment]] | parent = The Cartoon Network, Inc. | country = [[Canada]] | language = English | area = Nationwide | headquarters = [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]] | sister_channels = [[Télétoon]]<br>[[Adult Swim (Canadian TV channel)|Adult Swim]]<br>[[Boomerang (TV network)|Boomerang]] | timeshift_service = Cartoon Network East<br/>Cartoon Network West | website = {{url|https://www.cartoonnetwork.ca|cartoonnetwork.ca}} | sat_serv_1 = [[Bell Satellite TV]] | sat_chan_1 = Channel 554 (East)<br/>Channel 555 (West)<br/>Channel 1653 (HD) | sat_serv_2 = [[Shaw Direct]] | sat_chan_2 = Channel 544/171 (East)<br/>Channel 545/172 (West)<br/>Channel 72/572 (HD) | cable_serv_1 = [[Rogers Cable]] (New Brunswick) | cable_chan_1 = Channel 40 (East)<br/>Channel 144 (West) | iptv_serv_1 = [[Fibe (Bell Aliant)|Bell Aliant Fibe TV]] | iptv_chan_1 = Channel 254 (SD)<br/>Channel 502 (HD) | iptv_serv_2 = [[Bell Fibe TV]] | iptv_chan_2 = Channel 554 (East)<br/>Channel 555 (West)<br/>Channel 1554 (East HD) | iptv_serv_3 = [[Bell MTS]] | iptv_chan_3 = Channel 151 (East)<br/>Channel 152 (West)<br/>Channel 1151 (East HD) | iptv_serv_4 = [[Telus TV|Optik TV]] | iptv_chan_4 = Channel 623 (East)<br/>Channel 622 (West)<br/>Channel 622 (West HD) | iptv_serv_5 = [[SaskTel]] | iptv_chan_5 = Channel 90 (East)<br/>Channel 95 (West) | iptv_serv_6 = [[VMedia]] | iptv_chan_6 = Channel 45 (East HD) | iptv_serv_7 = [[TotalTV (Canadian TV provider)|TotalTV]] | iptv_chan_7 = Channel 145 (East HD) | iptv_serv_8 = [[RiverTV]] | iptv_chan_8 = Channel 22 (HD) | online_serv_1 = [[StackTV]] | online_chan_1 = [[Internet Protocol television]] }} '''Cartoon Network''' (formerly Teletoon from 1997-2023) is a [[Canada|Canadian]] [[English language|English]] [[television channel]]. It is owned by Corus Entertainment. The channel shows mostly cartoons. Its live-action programs are usually movies. Most programs are for family. Teletoon at Night broadcasts from 9:00 p.m. to 12:00 a.m.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.teletoon.com/|title=TELETOON / TÉLÉTOON|date=12 October 1999|access-date=26 December 2014|archive-date=12 October 1999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991012021614/http://www.teletoon.com/|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> ==Information And Logos== Teletoon usually shows animated series. There are original ones and imported ones. Its daytime shows are for children and younger teenagers. Nighttime shows are for older teenagers and adults. Teletoon operates two feeds. One is for the [[Eastern Time Zone (North America)|Eastern Time Zone]]. The other is for the [[Pacific Time Zone]]. As of 2013, Teletoon and its French-language version were available in over 7.3 million Canadian homes.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140519223035/http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/1269457/teletoon-canada-s-comedy-filled-lineup-delivers-warm-laughter-this-winter http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/1269457/teletoon-canada-s-comedy-filled-lineup-delivers-warm-laughter-this-winter]</ref> In 2013, Corus Entertainment bought Teletoon from Teletoon Canada Inc. for 37 million dollars. The old logo is a face, The face got redesigned in 2001, giving it a more clearly way. In 2007, Teletoon removed the face and freshly got a new look. To coincide with [[Astral Media]]'s anniverasry, Teletoon got a 3D redesign based on the last logo. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.corusent.com/news/corus-entertainment-receives-crtc-approval-on-teletoon-canada-inc-historia-and-s%c2%8eries-acquisitions/|title=Corus Entertainment Receives CRTC Approval on TELETOON Canada Inc., Historia and Series+ Acquisitions|website=Corus Entertainment|access-date=2019-02-15|archive-date=2017-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827123239/http://www.corusent.com/news/corus-entertainment-receives-crtc-approval-on-teletoon-canada-inc-historia-and-s%c2%8eries-acquisitions/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===2001-2007 Logos=== <gallery> File:Teletoon 2005.png|2001-2007 </gallery> ===2007-2023 Logos=== <gallery> File:Teletoon original logo.svg|2007-2023 File:Teletoon logo 2007.svg|2007-2011 File:Télétoon 2014 logo.png|2014 (Québéc) </gallery> ==Programs== * [[Adventure Time: Fionna and Cake]] * [[Bravest Warriors]] * [[Craig of the Creek]] * [[Detentionaire]] * [[Gremlins: The Wild Batch]] * [[Hotel Transylvania: The Series]] * [[Jellystone!]] * [[My Adventures with Superman]] * [[Mysticons]] * [[Pokémon]] * [[Rescue Heroes]] * [[Supernoobs]] * [[Teen Titans Go!]] * [[Total Drama Island]] * [[We Baby Bears]] ==Former programming== * [[Angela Anaconda]] * [[Bad Dog]] * [[Best Ed]] * [[Bolts and Blip]] * [[Caillou]] (September 15, 1997―September 6, 2009)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://variety.com/1999/tv/news/pbs-welcomes-caillou-1117502963/ | title=PBS welcomes 'Caillou' | date=June 10, 1999}}</ref> * [[Camp Lakebottom]] * [[Detentionaire]] * [[Di-Gata Defenders]] * [[Donkey Kong Country (TV series)]] * [[Flying Rhino Junior High]] * [[Fly Tales]] * [[Hot Wheels: Battle Force 5]] * [[George of the Jungle]] * [[Iggy Arbuckle]] * [[Inspector Gadget]] * [[Johnny Test]] * [[Kaput and Zosky]] * [[The Day my Butt went psycho!]] * [[The Kids from Room 402]] * [[Kid Paddle]] * [[Looped]] * [[Maggie and the Ferocious Beast]] * [[Marvin the Tap-Dancing Horse]] * [[Matt Hatter Chronicles]] * [[Mega Babies]] * [[MetaJets]] * [[Nothing but Monsters]] * [[Pecola]] * [[Pig City]] * [[Ratz]] * [[Redwall (TV series)|Redwall]] * [[Stoked]] * [[Super Dinosaur]] * [[Supernoobs]] * [[The Adventures of Paddington Bear]] * [[Untalkative Bunny]] * [[What's with Andy?]] * [[Wishfart]] * [[The Zimmer Twins]] ==Other acquired programming== * [[Archie's weird Mysteries]] * [[Bunnicula]] * [[Courage the Cowardly Dog]] * [[Cyberchase]] * [[Darwin's Yearbook]] * [[Dinofroz]] * [[Generator Rex]] * [[G.I Joe: Renegades]] * [[Grojband]] * [[Grossology]] * [[Larva]] * [[League of Super Evil]] * [[Lego City Adventures]] * [[Little Ellen]] * [[Mao Mao: Heroes of Pure Heart]] * [[The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack]] * [[Masha and the Bear]] * [[Mixels]] * [[Oddbods]] * [[Pelswick]] * [[Police Academy]] * [[Robocar Poli]] * [[Star Wars: Galaxy of Adventures]] * [[Steven Universe]] * [[Summer Camp Island]] * [[The Christmas Calendar]] * [[The Fungies!]] * [[Those Scurvy Rascals]] * [[Unikitty!]] * [[Voltron Force]] * [[We Bare Bears]] ==Anime programming== * [[Battle B-Daman: Crossfire]] * [[Bakugan]] * [[Beyblade: Metal Saga]] * [[Cardcaptor Sakura]] * [[Crayon Shin Chan]] * [[Cromatie High School]] * [[Cybersix]] * [[Domo (TV)]] * [[Dragon Ball Z]] * [[Future Card Buddyguard]] * [[Great Teacher Onizuka]] * [[Mega Man NT Warrior]] * [[Mega Man Star Force]] * [[Ninja Scroll: The Series]] * [[Outlaw Star]] * [[Spider Riders]] * [[Tenkai Knights]] * [[Turning Mecard]] * [[Yokai-Watch]] * [[Yu-G-Oh Arc-V]] ==Live Action series== * [[Goosebumps]] * [[Hole in the Wall]] * [[Just Kidding]] * [[Level Up! (TV Show)]] * [[Majority Rules]] * [[Mudpit]] * [[My Babysitter's a Vampire]] * [[Splatalot]] ===Timesharing history=== {| class="wikitable" border="1" | colspan="4" style="background:orange; color:blue; font-size:100%" align="center" width="500px" | Timeline of Teletoon's Operation Hours |- ! Date ! Information ! Sign-Off ! Sign-On |- | 1997-2002, 2019-present | Teletoon was on 24 hours a day. | - | - |- | 2002-2011 | Teletoon switched to The Detour on Teletoon/Teletoon Detour/Teletoon at Night | 9:00pm | 4:00am |- |- | 2011-2015 | Teletoon switched hours |9:00pm |3:00am |- |- |2015-2016 | Teletoon has retro programming |10:00pm (Monday-Thursday)<br/>12:00am (Friday-Sunday) |1:00am (Monday-Thursday)<br/>3:00am (Friday-Sunday) |- |- |2016 | Teletoon became 24/7 every weekend. | 10:00pm (Monday-Thursday) | 12:00am (Monday-Thursday) |- |- |2017 | Teletoon dropped it's 24/7 schedule on weekends. | 8:00pm (Monday-Thursday)<br/>10:00pm (Friday)<br/>9:00pm (Saturday-Sunday) | 3:00am |- |- | 2017-2019 | Teletoon at Night switched hours to 9:00pm Every Night. | 9:00pm | 3:00am |- |- |} ==Other websites== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120814175741/http://www.teletoon.com/en/ Teletoon Website (Archived Due To The Wayback Machine)] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090910061904/http://www.teletoonatnight.com/ Teletoon At Night] ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:1997 establishments in Canada]] [[Category:Canadian television channels]] [[Category:Cartoon Network]] kg48bvpldd9m0ecf3dpnz0dpo6w7amn 0 454240 10368660 10364180 2025-07-03T01:51:11Z 2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4 10368660 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:Roger (''American Dad!'')}} {{Infobox character |colour = #000080 |name = Roger |series = [[American Dad!]] spin-off |image = |image_size = 200px |first = "[[Pilot (American Dad!)|Pilot]]" |creator = [[Seth MacFarlane]]<br>[[Dan Povenmire]]<br>[[Jeff "Swampy" Marsh]] |voice = Seth MacFarlane |alias = {{collapsible list | Meredith Fields | Stan's Uncle Roger | Tearjerker | Cecilia Takaro | Raider Dave | Samantha Kingsbury | The Legman | Scotch Bingington | Applebee McFridays | Sidney Huffman | Chilly | Arbuckle T. Boone | Braf Zachland | Jeannie Gold | Sholanda Dykes | Mr. Deliver | Jeremy Neederhoff | Abigail Lemonparty | Dr. Penguin | Lazlo Morphine | Martin Sugar | Krispy Kreme McDonald | [[To Kill a Mockingbird|Jean Louise Finch]] | Kevin Ramage | Sweeps McCulloch | Clive Trotter | Tom Yabo | Dimitri Krotchliknioff | Fantasia Lopez | Roland Chang | Spartacus Vanderhill | Chex LeMeneux | Bing Cooper | Roy Rogers McFreely | Laura Vanderbooben | Luke Fondleberg | Reaganomics Lamborghini | Alicia Wilkner | Sgt. Pepper | Cuss Mustard | Ace Chapman | Jenny Fromdabloc | Winfrey Smith | Bob Danalou | Max Jets | Jerry Jets | [[Kevin Bacon]] | Parker Peters | Genevieve Vavance | Ricky Spanish | Billy Jesusworth | Trish | Dan Andsome Handsome | Clip Clop | Professor Jordan Edelstein | Warren Beanstalk | Ruby Zeldastein | Emmylou Sugarbean | Ace Crouton | Skylar Montessori | Madeleine Carpal Tunnel | Burt Jarvis | Frankie Marconi | Morris Buttermaker | Horse Renoir | Professor Baxter | Captain François Dubonais | LeVar Crush | Marmalade the cat | Maurice Barnes | Uncle Kappy | Tony O'Chat | Ragi-Baba| Cosworth Smith | Jaureka Ziegler | Numerous other unnamed}} |gender = Ambiguous |occupation = Various (depending on alias) |species = [[Extraterrestrial life|Alien]] }} '''Roger David Smith''' is a fictional character in the [[animated sitcom]] is a spin-off to the ''[[American Dad!]]''. He is voiced by [[Seth MacFarlane]]. The character was created and designed by Seth MacFarlane or Dan Povenmire and Jeff "Swampy" Marsh. Roger is hundreds of years old. He is a [[Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] [[grey alien|grey]] [[space alien]] living with the Smith family. Roger's design is inspired by E. T. the alien in [[Steven Spielberg]]'s ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]''. Having lived on Earth since 1947, Roger came to live with the Smiths after rescuing main character [[Stan Smith (American Dad!)|Stan Smith]] at [[Area 51]] four years before to the beginning of the series.<ref name="ovguide1">{{cite web |url=http://www.ovguide.com/roger-9202a8c04000641f80000000008d8419 |title=Roger Video &#124; Movie Clips & Character Interview |publisher=Ovguide.com |date= |accessdate=2013-04-09 |archive-date=2013-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521175723/http://www.ovguide.com/roger-9202a8c04000641f80000000008d8419 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=McEwen |first=Lauren |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/therootdc/post/american-dad-one-of-the-most-sophisticated-mainstream-shows-on-african-american-culture/2012/10/08/e8374cba-051d-11e2-91e7-2962c74e7738_blog.html |title=‘American Dad’: One of the most sophisticated mainstream shows on African American culture - The Root DC Live |publisher=The Washington Post |date=2012-10-08 |accessdate=2013-02-22}}</ref> Roger is known for dressing-up in many [[personas]], so that his identity as an alien cant be known. He sometimes dresses-up as famous people. ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Fictional characters introduced in 2005]] [[Category:Fictional pansexuals]] [[Category:American Dad! characters]] {{tv-stub}} f42xztpe00rakoado7gehwphicz1st6 10368669 10368660 2025-07-03T01:55:50Z 2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4 10368669 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:Roger (''American Dad!'')}} {{Infobox character |colour = #000080 |name = Roger |series = [[American Dad!]] spin-off |image = |image_size = 200px |first = "[[Pilot (American Dad!)|Pilot]]" |creator = [[Seth MacFarlane]]<br>[[Dan Povenmire]]<br>[[Jeff "Swampy" Marsh]] |voice = Seth MacFarlane |alias = {{collapsible list | Meredith Fields | Stan's Uncle Roger | Tearjerker | Cecilia Takaro | Raider Dave | Samantha Kingsbury | The Legman | Scotch Bingington | Applebee McFridays | Sidney Huffman | Chilly | Arbuckle T. Boone | Braf Zachland | Jeannie Gold | Sholanda Dykes | Mr. Deliver | Jeremy Neederhoff | Abigail Lemonparty | Dr. Penguin | Lazlo Morphine | Martin Sugar | Krispy Kreme McDonald | [[To Kill a Mockingbird|Jean Louise Finch]] | Kevin Ramage | Sweeps McCulloch | Clive Trotter | Tom Yabo | Dimitri Krotchliknioff | Fantasia Lopez | Roland Chang | Spartacus Vanderhill | Chex LeMeneux | Bing Cooper | Roy Rogers McFreely | Laura Vanderbooben | Luke Fondleberg | Reaganomics Lamborghini | Alicia Wilkner | Sgt. Pepper | Cuss Mustard | Ace Chapman | Jenny Fromdabloc | Winfrey Smith | Bob Danalou | Max Jets | Jerry Jets | [[Kevin Bacon]] | Parker Peters | Genevieve Vavance | Ricky Spanish | Billy Jesusworth | Trish | Dan Andsome Handsome | Clip Clop | Professor Jordan Edelstein | Warren Beanstalk | Ruby Zeldastein | Emmylou Sugarbean | Ace Crouton | Skylar Montessori | Madeleine Carpal Tunnel | Burt Jarvis | Frankie Marconi | Morris Buttermaker | Horse Renoir | Professor Baxter | Captain François Dubonais | LeVar Crush | Marmalade the cat | Maurice Barnes | Uncle Kappy | Tony O'Chat | Ragi-Baba| Cosworth Smith | Jaureka Ziegler | Numerous other unnamed}} |gender = Male (Ambiguous) |occupation = Various (depending on alias) |species = [[Extraterrestrial life|Alien]] ([[grey alien|Grey Alien]]) }} '''Roger David Smith''' is a fictional character in the [[animated sitcom]] is a spin-off to the ''[[American Dad!]]''. He is voiced by [[Seth MacFarlane]]. The character was created and designed by Seth MacFarlane or Dan Povenmire and Jeff "Swampy" Marsh. Roger is hundreds of years old. He is a [[Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] [[grey alien|grey]] [[space alien]] living with the Smith family. Roger's design is inspired by E. T. the alien in [[Steven Spielberg]]'s ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]''. Having lived on Earth since 1947, Roger came to live with the Smiths after rescuing main character [[Stan Smith (American Dad!)|Stan Smith]] at [[Area 51]] four years before to the beginning of the series.<ref name="ovguide1">{{cite web |url=http://www.ovguide.com/roger-9202a8c04000641f80000000008d8419 |title=Roger Video &#124; Movie Clips & Character Interview |publisher=Ovguide.com |date= |accessdate=2013-04-09 |archive-date=2013-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521175723/http://www.ovguide.com/roger-9202a8c04000641f80000000008d8419 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=McEwen |first=Lauren |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/therootdc/post/american-dad-one-of-the-most-sophisticated-mainstream-shows-on-african-american-culture/2012/10/08/e8374cba-051d-11e2-91e7-2962c74e7738_blog.html |title=‘American Dad’: One of the most sophisticated mainstream shows on African American culture - The Root DC Live |publisher=The Washington Post |date=2012-10-08 |accessdate=2013-02-22}}</ref> Roger is known for dressing-up in many [[personas]], so that his identity as an alien cant be known. He sometimes dresses-up as famous people. ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Fictional characters introduced in 2005]] [[Category:Fictional pansexuals]] [[Category:American Dad! characters]] {{tv-stub}} qn7lu5ee1venznfnx0wpl0kgqqwrp7p 10368670 10368669 2025-07-03T01:56:52Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 Reverted 2 edits by [[Special:Contributions/2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4|2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4]] ([[User talk:2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4|talk]]) identified as [[WP:VAND|vandalism]] to last revision by ChenzwBot. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368670 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:Roger (''American Dad!'')}} {{Infobox character |colour = #000080 |name = Roger |series = [[American Dad!]] |image = |image_size = 200px |first = "[[Pilot (American Dad!)|Pilot]]" |creator = [[Seth MacFarlane]] |voice = Seth MacFarlane |alias = {{collapsible list | Meredith Fields | Stan's Uncle Roger | Tearjerker | Cecilia Takaro | Raider Dave | Samantha Kingsbury | The Legman | Scotch Bingington | Applebee McFridays | Sidney Huffman | Chilly | Arbuckle T. Boone | Braf Zachland | Jeannie Gold | Sholanda Dykes | Mr. Deliver | Jeremy Neederhoff | Abigail Lemonparty | Dr. Penguin | Lazlo Morphine | Martin Sugar | Krispy Kreme McDonald | [[To Kill a Mockingbird|Jean Louise Finch]] | Kevin Ramage | Sweeps McCulloch | Clive Trotter | Tom Yabo | Dimitri Krotchliknioff | Fantasia Lopez | Roland Chang | Spartacus Vanderhill | Chex LeMeneux | Bing Cooper | Roy Rogers McFreely | Laura Vanderbooben | Luke Fondleberg | Reaganomics Lamborghini | Alicia Wilkner | Sgt. Pepper | Cuss Mustard | Ace Chapman | Jenny Fromdabloc | Winfrey Smith | Bob Danalou | Max Jets | Jerry Jets | [[Kevin Bacon]] | Parker Peters | Genevieve Vavance | Ricky Spanish | Billy Jesusworth | Trish | Dan Andsome Handsome | Clip Clop | Professor Jordan Edelstein | Warren Beanstalk | Ruby Zeldastein | Emmylou Sugarbean | Ace Crouton | Skylar Montessori | Madeleine Carpal Tunnel | Burt Jarvis | Frankie Marconi | Morris Buttermaker | Horse Renoir | Professor Baxter | Captain François Dubonais | LeVar Crush | Marmalade the cat | Maurice Barnes | Uncle Kappy | Tony O'Chat | Ragi-Baba| Cosworth Smith | Jaureka Ziegler | Numerous other unnamed}} |gender = Ambiguous |occupation = Various (depending on alias) |species = [[Extraterrestrial life|Alien]] }} '''Roger David Smith''' is a fictional character in the [[animated sitcom]] ''[[American Dad!]]''. He is voiced by [[Seth MacFarlane]]. The character was created and designed by MacFarlane. Roger is hundreds of years old. He is a [[grey alien|grey]] [[space alien]] living with the Smith family. Roger's design is inspired by E. T. the alien in [[Steven Spielberg]]'s ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]''. Having lived on Earth since 1947, Roger came to live with the Smiths after rescuing main character [[Stan Smith (American Dad!)|Stan Smith]] at [[Area 51]] four years before to the beginning of the series.<ref name="ovguide1">{{cite web |url=http://www.ovguide.com/roger-9202a8c04000641f80000000008d8419 |title=Roger Video &#124; Movie Clips & Character Interview |publisher=Ovguide.com |date= |accessdate=2013-04-09 |archive-date=2013-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521175723/http://www.ovguide.com/roger-9202a8c04000641f80000000008d8419 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=McEwen |first=Lauren |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/therootdc/post/american-dad-one-of-the-most-sophisticated-mainstream-shows-on-african-american-culture/2012/10/08/e8374cba-051d-11e2-91e7-2962c74e7738_blog.html |title=‘American Dad’: One of the most sophisticated mainstream shows on African American culture - The Root DC Live |publisher=The Washington Post |date=2012-10-08 |accessdate=2013-02-22}}</ref> Roger is known for dressing-up in many [[personas]], so that his identity as an alien cant be known. He sometimes dresses-up as famous people. ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Fictional characters introduced in 2005]] [[Category:Fictional pansexuals]] [[Category:American Dad! characters]] {{tv-stub}} ms8reaogl2m8ibp73npxhyvnfxcm2nx 0 454267 10369076 10358787 2025-07-03T07:01:13Z 91.151.136.171 10369076 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}} {{Use British English|date=August 2016}} {{expand Arabic}} <!-- Please see [[Talk:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant#RfC: infobox country?]] before changing infobox type. --> {{Infobox war faction | name = Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant | native_name = {{rtl-lang|ar|الدَّوْلَةُ الْإِسْلَامِيَّةُ فِي الْعِرَاقِ وَالشَّامِ}}<br />''{{transl|ar|ad-Dawlah al-Islāmiyah fī 'l-ʿIrāq wa-sh-Shām}}'' | war = the [[Iraq War]] (2003–2011), the [[Iraqi insurgency (2011–13)|Iraqi insurgency]], the [[Syrian Civil War]], the [[Iraqi Civil War (2014–2017)|Iraqi Civil War]], the [[Libyan Civil War (2014–present)|Second Libyan Civil War]], the [[Boko Haram insurgency]], the [[War in North-West Pakistan]], the [[War in Afghanistan (2015–present)|War in Afghanistan]], the [[Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)|Yemeni Civil War]], and [[List of wars and battles involving ISIL|other conflicts]] ---- Primary target of [[Operation Inherent Resolve]] and of the [[military intervention against ISIL]] [[American-led intervention in Syria|in Syria]], [[American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–present)|Iraq]], [[2015 Egyptian military intervention in Libya|Libya]], and [[Boko Haram insurgency|Nigeria]]<!-- for wikilinks, if diff from name --> | image = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 320 | image_gap = 20 | caption_align = center | image1 = Islamic State flag.svg{{!}}border | caption1 = Flag<ref>{{cite news |first=Kashmira |last=Gander |url=https://www.kakegurai.my.id/2022/01/apa-itu-url-canonical.html?m=1 |title=Isis flag: What do the words mean and what are its origins? |date=7 July 2015 |work=[[The Independent]] |access-date=9 January 2022 |archive-date=18 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110218011528/http://year2005.annualreport.publishing.uwa.edu.au/?f=104096 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | image2 = ISIL_Caliphate_Seal.svg | caption2 = Seal<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jihadology.net/2019/01/29/new-video-message-from-the-islamic-state-fulfilling-the-promise-wilayat-al-iraq-kirkuk/|title=New video message from The Islamic State: "Fulfilling the Promise – Wilāyat al-'Irāq, Kirkūk"|first=Aaron Y.|last=Zelin|date=29 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Statement of ISIS – The Battle of Brussels |url=https://www.investigativeproject.org/pics/large/1419.jpg |website=Investigativeproject.org |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ISIS ID CARD |url=https://gdb.rferl.org/F1E739AA-4842-4754-8677-646B1D017501_w1023_r1_s.jpg |website=gdb.rferl.org}}</ref> | perrow = 2 | align = center }} | caption = | active = {{Collapsible list | title = 1999–present | bullets=on | 1 = Established under the name of [[Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad]]: 1999 | 2 = Joined [[al-Qaeda]]: October 2004 | 3 = Declaration of an [[Islamic state]] in Iraq: 13 October 2006 | 4 = Claim of territory in the [[Levant]]: 8 April 2013 | 5 = Separated from [[al-Qaeda]]:<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Pool |first1=Jeffrey |title=Zarqawi's Pledge of Allegiance to Al-Qaeda: From Mu'Asker Al-Battar, Issue 21 |magazine=Terrorism Monitor |date=16 December 2004 |volume=2 |issue=24 |publisher=[[Jamestown Foundation]] |url=https://jamestown.org/program/zarqawis-pledge-of-allegiance-to-al-qaeda-from-muasker-al-battar-issue-21-2/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930180847/http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=400&issue_id=3179&article_id=2369020 |archive-date=30 September 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="qaedaisil">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-26016318 |title=Al-Qaeda disavows ISIS militants in Syria |publisher=BBC News|date=3 February 2014}}</ref> 3 February 2014<ref name="ReutersHolmes_030214">{{cite news |last=Holmes |first=Oliver |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/03/us-syria-crisis-qaeda-idUSBREA120NS20140203 |publisher=Reuters |title=Al Qaeda breaks link with Syrian militant group ISIL |date=3 February 2014 |access-date=21 February 2019 |archive-date=21 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121234337/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/03/us-syria-crisis-qaeda-idUSBREA120NS20140203 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | 6 = Declaration of [[caliphate]]: 29 June 2014 | 7 = Claim of territory in Libya, Egypt, Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Yemen: 13 November 2014 | 8 = Claim of territory in South Asia: 29 January 2015<ref>{{cite news |first=Rezaul H. |last=Laskar |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/is-announces-expansion-into-afpak-parts-of-india/article1-1311533.aspx |title=IS announces expansion into AfPak, parts of India |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=29 January 2015 |access-date=12 February 2019 |archive-date=14 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914043630/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/is-announces-expansion-into-afpak-parts-of-india/article1-1311533.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> | 9 = Claim of territory in Nigeria: 12 March 2015<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/07/africa/nigeria-boko-haram-isis/ |title=Boko Haram purportedly pledges allegiance to ISIS |first1=Nima |last1=Elbagir |first2=Paul |last2=Cruickshank |first3=Mohammed |last3=Tawfeeq |date=7 March 2015 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> | 10 = Claim of territory in North Caucasus: 23 June 2015<ref>{{cite web |first=Harleen |last=Gambhir |url=http://understandingwar.org/backgrounder/isis-declares-governorate-russia%E2%80%99s-north-caucasus-region |title=ISIS Declares Governorate in Russia's North Caucasus Region |date=23 June 2015 |publisher=[[Institute for the Study of War]]}}</ref> | 11 = [[Battle of Mosul (2016–17)|Recapture]] of [[Mosul]] by Iraqi forces: 20 July 2017 | 12 = [[Battle of Raqqa (2017)|Capture]] of [[Raqqa]] by SDF forces: 17 October 2017 | 13 = [[Battle of Baghuz Fawqani|Loses]] all of its territory in Syria: 23 March 2019 | 14 = [[Barisha raid|Killing]] of [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]]: October 27, 2019 | 15 = [[Killing]] of [[Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi]]: February 3, 2022 | 16 = [[Killing]] of [[Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi]]: October 15, 2022 }} | ideology = * [[Islamic Statism]] * [[Qutbism]] * [[Takfiri|Takfirism]] * [[Wahhabism]] * [[Pan-Islamism]] * [[Salafism]] * [[Salafi jihadism]] * [[Anti-Yazidi sentiment]] * [[Shiaphobia|Anti-Shia sentiment]] * [[Anti-Christian sentiment]] * [[Anti-Hindu sentiment]] * [[Anti-LGBT sentiment]] * [[Antisemitism]] | clans = * [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Algeria Province|Algerian Province]] * [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Caucasus Province|Caucasus Province]] * [[Islamic State's Central Africa Province|Central Africa Province]] * [[Abu Sayyaf|East Asia Province]] * [[Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade|Gaza Province]] * [[Islamic State in the Greater Sahara|Greater Sahara Province]] * [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province|Khorasan Province]] * [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Libya|Libyan Province]] * [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Sinai Province|Sinai Province]] * [[Islamic State in Somalia|Somalia Province]] * [[Boko Haram|West Africa Province]] * [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Yemen Province|Yemen Province]] * [[Islamic State – Georgian Province]] | founder = [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]]{{KIA}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=U.S. Forces Kill ISIS Founder, Leader Baghdadi in Syria|url=https://www.defense.gov/news/news-stories/article/article/1999751/us-forces-kill-isis-founder-leader-baghdadi-in-syria/|access-date=2025-01-12|website=U.S. Department of Defense|language=en-US}}</ref> | leaders = * '''Leader<!-- e.g. "Chair", "President", etc. but not Caliph -->:''' [[Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aymennjawad.org/2022/09/islamic-state-editorial-on-new-speech-by|title=Islamic State Editorial on New Speech by Spokesman Abu Omar al-Muhajir: Translation and Analysis}}</ref> * '''Former leaders:''' [[Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi]]{{KIA}} <ref name="reuters new chief">{{cite news|date=10 March 2022|title=Islamic state confirms death of its leader, names new chief|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/islamic-state-confirms-death-its-leader-names-new-chief-2022-03-10/|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=10 March 2022}}</ref>,[[Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi]]{{KIA}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-baghdadi-confirmation/islamic-state-confirms-baghdadi-is-dead-appoints-successor-idUSKBN1XA25A|title=Islamic State confirms Baghdadi is dead, appoints successor|website=Reuters|access-date=2019-10-31}}</ref> [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]]{{KIA}}<ref name="Caliph Ibrahim">{{cite news |last1=Rubin |first1=Alissa J. |title=Militant Leader in Rare Appearance in Iraq |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/06/world/asia/iraq-abu-bakr-al-baghdadi-sermon-video.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=5 July 2014}}</ref> * '''Deputy leader in Iraq:''' [[Abu Fatima al-Jaheishi]]<ref name="Al-Tamimi's Blog">{{cite web |url=http://www.aymennjawad.org/2016/01/an-account-of-abu-bakr-al-baghdadi-islamic-state |title=An Account of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi & Islamic State Succession Lines |first=Aymenn Jawad |last=Al-Tamimi |work=Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi's Blog |date=24 January 2016}}</ref> * '''Deputy leader in Syria:''' [[Abu Ali al-Anbari]]{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Abd al-Rahman Mustafa al-Qaduli |url=https://www.rewardsforjustice.net/english/abd_al_qaduli.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518171235/https://www.rewardsforjustice.net/english/abd_al_qaduli.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 May 2015 |website=Rewards for Justice |publisher=[[United States Department of State]], [[Bureau of Diplomatic Security]] |date=5 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Schmidt |first=Michael |title=A Top ISIS Leader Is Killed in an Airstrike, the Pentagon Says |work=The New York Times |date=25 March 2016 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/26/world/middleeast/abd-al-rahman-mustafa-al-qaduli-isis-reported-killed-in-syria.html}}</ref> * '''Deputy leader in Libya:''' [[Abdul Qader al-Najdi]]{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/new-isis-leader-abdel-qader-al-najdi-threatens-daesh-invasion-rome-through-north-africa-1548697 |title=New Isis leader in Libya – Abdel Qader al-Najdi threatens Daesh invasion of Rome through Africa |first=Callum |last=Paton |date=10 March 2016 |access-date=9 April 2021 |work=[[IB Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security/eastern-libyan-forces-say-they-killed-islamic-state-leader-idUSKCN26E3BW?|title=Eastern Libyan forces say they killed Islamic State leader|website=Reuters|date=23 September 2020}}</ref> * '''Military chief:''' Abu Saleh al-Obaidi<ref name="Al-Tamimi's Blog"/> * '''Head of the Shura Council:''' Abu Arkan al-Ameri<ref>{{cite news |title=ISIS Leadership |url=http://apps.frontline.org/isis-leadership/ |access-date=14 August 2015 |work=[[Frontline (U.S. TV series)|Frontline]]|publisher=[[PBS]] |year=2015}}</ref> * '''Chief of Syrian military operations:''' [[Abu Omar al-Shishani]]{{KIA}}{{r|brookings2014}}<ref>{{cite news |first=Chad |last=Garland |date=14 July 2016 |title=Islamic State says top commander is dead; Pentagon unsure |work=[[Stars and Stripes (newspaper)|Stars and Stripes]] |url=http://www.stripes.com/news/islamic-state-says-top-commander-is-dead-pentagon-unsure-1.419088}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Will |last=Worley |date=13 July 2016 |title=Isis confirms death of hugely popular 'minister of war' Omar al-Shishani |work=The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-confirms-death-of-hugely-popular-minister-of-war-omar-al-shishani-a7135446.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Starr |first=Barbara |date=15 March 2016 |title=U.S. assesses ISIS operative Omar al-Shishani is dead |publisher=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/03/14/politics/u-s-confirms-death-of-isis-operative-omar-al-shishani/index.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tarkhan Tayumurazovich Batirashvili |url=https://www.rewardsforjustice.net/english/tarkhan_batirashvili.html |website=Rewards for Justice |publisher=U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Diplomatic Security |date=5 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518171047/https://www.rewardsforjustice.net/english/tarkhan_batirashvili.html |archive-date=18 May 2015}}</ref> * '''Minister of War:''' [[Gulmurod Khalimov]]{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite news |date=6 September 2016 |title=Isis: US-trained Tajik special forces chief Gulmurod Khalimov becomes Isis 'war minister' |work=[[International Business Times]] |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/isis-us-trained-tajik-special-forces-chief-gulmurod-khalimov-becomes-isis-war-minister-1579966}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/minister-war-killed-syria-air-attack-says-russia-1141444390 |title=IS 'minister of war' killed in Syria air attack, claims Russia |work=[[Middle East Eye]] |date=8 September 2017 |access-date=24 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Gulmurod Khalimov |url=https://rewardsforjustice.net/english/gulmurod_khalimov.html |work=Rewards for Justice |access-date=24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421113857/https://rewardsforjustice.net/english/gulmurod_khalimov.html |archive-date=21 April 2021}}</ref> * '''Minister of Finance:''' Sami Jasim Muhammad al-Jaburi{{POW}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-10-11|title=Iraqi forces capture deputy of IS slain leader Baghdadi - PM|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iraqi-forces-capture-deputy-is-slain-leader-baghdadi-pm-2021-10-11/|access-date=2021-10-11}}</ref> * '''Minister of Information:''' [[Abu Muhammad al-Furqan]]{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite news |title=IS confirms death of propaganda chief Abu Mohammed al-Furqan - BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-37619225 |publisher=BBC.com |date=2016-10-11 |accessdate=2021-06-16}}</ref> * '''Spokesman:''' [[Abu Umar al-Muhajir]]<ref name="reuters new chief" /> * '''Former spokesmen:''' [[Abu Mohammad al-Adnani]]{{KIA}},<ref name="brookings2014">{{cite web |year=2014 |first=Charles |last=Lister |title=Islamic State Senior Leadership: Who's Who |publisher=[[Brookings Institution]] |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Research/Files/Reports/2014/11/profiling-islamic-state-lister/en_whos_who.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328114112/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Research/Files/Reports/2014/11/profiling-islamic-state-lister/en_whos_who.pdf |archive-date=28 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="AFP_290614">{{cite news |date=29 June 2014 |title=Here's What We Know About the 'Caliph' of the New Islamic State |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/heres-what-we-know-about-the-caliph-of-the-new-islamic-state-2014-6 |agency=AFP |work=[[Business Insider]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=29 June 2014 |title=ISIS Spokesman Declares Caliphate, Rebrands Group as Islamic State |work=Jihadist News |publisher=[[SITE Intelligence Group]] |url=http://news.siteintelgroup.com/Jihadist-News/isis-spokesman-declares-caliphate-rebrands-group-as-islamic-state.html |access-date=5 January 2018 |archive-date=29 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629194932/https://news.siteintelgroup.com/Jihadist-News/isis-spokesman-declares-caliphate-rebrands-group-as-islamic-state.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=12 September 2016 |title=Pentagon Confirms U.S. Strike in Syria Killed ISIL Leader |work=DoD News |publisher=[[United States Department of Defense]] |url=http://www.defense.gov/News/Article/Article/941787/pentagon-confirms-US-strike-in-Syria-killed-isil-leader}}</ref> [[Abu Hamza al-Qurashi]]{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite news |author=<!-- staff writer(s); no by-line --> |title= Islamic State group names its new leader as Abu Ibrahim al-Hashemi|work=[[BBC News]]|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50254785|date= 31 October 2019|access-date= 1 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=10 March 2022 |title=Islamic State names new leader, confirms death of predecessor |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220310-islamic-state-names-new-leader-confirms-death-of-predecessor |access-date=12 March 2022 |website=France 24}}</ref> | headquarters = {{plainlist| * [[Baqubah]], Iraq (2006–2007) * ''No central headquarters'' (2007–2013) * [[Raqqa]], Syria (2013–2017) * [[Mayadin]], Syria (June–October 2017)<ref>{{cite news |date=23 April 2017 |title=ISIS 'essentially moved' its Syria HQ from Raqqa to Deir ez-Zor province |publisher=[[RT (TV network)|RT]] |url=https://www.rt.com/news/385731-isis-moves-out-raqqa-deir-ezzor/}}</ref><ref name="captures Mayadin">{{cite web|url=http://www.rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/141020174|title=Syrian army captures Mayadin from ISIS near Deir ez-Zor|publisher=[[Rudaw Media Network|Rudaw]]|date=14 October 2017}}</ref> * [[Al-Qa'im (town)|Al-Qa'im]], Iraq (October–November 2017)<ref>{{cite web |first1=Sarah |last1=Benhaida |first2=Ahmad |last2=al-Rubaye |date=26 October 2017 |title=Iraq forces launch 'last big fight' against IS |publisher=Rudaw |url=http://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/iraq/26102017}}</ref> * [[Abu Kamal]], Syria (November 2017)<ref>{{cite news |date=4 November 2017 |title=Anti-IS forces converge on Syria border town|agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |via=Yahoo News |url=https://sg.news.yahoo.com/anti-forces-converge-syria-border-town-113315169.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=4 November 2017 |title=Syrian army & allies capture last major ISIS held town in Syria |url=https://www.rt.com/news/409274-syrian-army-capture-last-isis-town/ |work=[[RT (TV network)|RT]]|location=Russia |publisher=TV-Novosti}}</ref> * [[Hajin]], Syria (November 2017 – December 2018)<ref name="reduced to two">{{cite web|url=https://www.difesaesicurezza.com/en/defence/syria-the-isis-pockets-of-resistance-at-deir-ezzor-are-reduced-to-two/|title=Syria, the Isis pockets of resistance at Deir Ezzor are reduced to two|first=Francesco |last=Bussoletti|publisher=Difesa & Sicurezza|date=29 June 2018}}</ref> * [[Al-Susah]], Syria (December 2018 – January 2019)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-sdf-captures-daeshs-de-facto-capital-in-syria/|title=Breaking: SDF captures Daesh's de facto capital in Syria|first=Leith|last=Aboufadel|date=13 December 2018|access-date=6 June 2019|archive-date=6 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706165230/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-sdf-captures-daeshs-de-facto-capital-in-syria/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/us-backed-fighters-seize-east-syria-village-from-isis-1.813894|title=US-backed fighters seize east Syria village from ISIS|website=The National}}</ref> * [[Al-Marashidah]], Syria (January–February 2019)<ref name="nearing end">{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isils-reign-over-eastern-euphrates-nearing-its-end-map/|title=ISIL's reign over eastern Euphrates nearing its end – map|first=Leith|last=Aboufadel|publisher=[[Al-Masdar News]]|date=24 January 2019|access-date=6 June 2019|archive-date=11 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111004303/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isils-reign-over-eastern-euphrates-nearing-its-end-map/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="last 2 villages">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/24/world/middleeast/isis-syria-last-territory.html|title=Down to Its Last 2 Villages in Syria, ISIS Still Fights Back|first=Rukmini |last=Callimachi|work=The New York Times|date=24 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-squeezed-into-last-areas-as-sdf-troops-capture-2-villages-east-of-the-euphrates-mapto/|title=ISIS squeezed into last areas as SDF troops capture 2 villages east of the Euphrates (MAP)|first=Leith|last=Aboufadel|publisher=Al-Masdar News|date=7 February 2019|access-date=6 June 2019|archive-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119051754/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-squeezed-into-last-areas-as-sdf-troops-capture-2-villages-east-of-the-euphrates-mapto/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Al-Baghuz Fawqani]], Syria (February–March 2019)<ref name="final push">{{cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/us-backed-fighters-launch-final-push-to-defeat-is-in-syria/4779930.html|title=US-backed Fighters Launch Final Push to Defeat IS in Syria|first=Rikar |last=Hussein |publisher=[[Voice of America]] |date=9 February 2019}}</ref><ref name="battleover">{{cite news|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=23 March 2019|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/us-backed-syrian-force-declares-victory-over-islamic-state/2019/03/23/fc0eb35c-4d34-11e9-8cfc-2c5d0999c21e_story.html|title=US-allied Syrian force declares victory over Islamic State|access-date=6 June 2019|archive-date=1 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401020543/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/us-backed-syrian-force-declares-victory-over-islamic-state/2019/03/23/fc0eb35c-4d34-11e9-8cfc-2c5d0999c21e_story.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Unknown headquarters from March 2019}} | area = [[File:Territoires de l'Etat islamique juin 2015.png|230px]]<br />ISIL's territory, in grey, at the time of its greatest territorial extent (May 2015).<div style="text-align: left;"> {{Collapsible list | title = Map legend | 1 = {{legend|#b4b2ae|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} | 2 = {{legend|#db8ca6|[[Federal government of Iraq|Iraqi government]]}} | 3 = {{legend|#ebc0b3|Syrian government}} | 4 = {{legend|#ffa067|Lebanese government}} | 5 = {{legend|#D2CD7E|[[Iraqi Kurdistan]] forces}} | 6 = {{legend|#e2d974|[[Rojava|Syrian Kurdistan forces]]}} | 7 = {{legend|#caffc4|[[Syrian opposition]] forces}} | 8 = {{legend|#80c490|[[Turkish Armed Forces]]}} | 9 = {{legend|#ffffff|[[Tahrir al-Sham]] (HTS)}} | 10 = {{legend|#3e79ff|[[w:Hezbollah|Hezbollah]]}} | 11 = '''Note:''' Iraq and Syria contain large desert areas with sparse populations. These areas are mapped as under the control of forces holding roads and towns within them. }}</div> {{Collapsible list | title = Detailed current maps | 1 = [[Template:Syrian, Iraqi, and Lebanese insurgencies detailed map|Detailed map of the Syrian, Iraqi, and Lebanese conflicts]] | 2 = [[Template:Libyan Civil War detailed map|Detailed map of the Libyan Civil War]] | 3 = [[Template:Sinai insurgency detailed map|Detailed map of the Sinai insurgency]] | 4 = [[Template:Nigerian insurgency detailed map|Detailed map of the Nigerian insurgency]] | 5 = [[Template:Yemeni Civil War detailed map|Detailed map of the Yemeni Civil War]] | 6 = [[Template:Taliban insurgency detailed map|Detailed map of the Taliban insurgency]] }} | strength = {{Collapsible list| title = List of combatant numbers |Inside Syria and Iraq: {{plainlist| * 200,000<ref name="Indep161114">{{cite news|last1=Cockburn |first1=Patrick|date=16 November 2014|title=War with Isis: Islamic militants have army of 200,000, claims senior Kurdish leader|work=The Independent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/war-with-isis-islamic-militants-have-army-of-200000-claims-kurdish-leader-9863418.html}}</ref><ref name="how many">{{cite web|title=How many Fighters Does the Islamic State Really Have?|first=Daveed|last=Gartenstein-Ross-ROSS|date=9 February 2015|publisher=War on the Rocks|url=https://warontherocks.com/2015/02/how-many-fighters-does-the-islamic-state-really-have}}</ref> <small>(2015 claim by [[Iraqi Kurdistan]] Chief of Staff)</small> * 100,000<ref name="how many" /><ref name="saddam">{{cite news |title=Saddam's former army is secret of Baghdadi's success |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/06/16/us-mideast-crisis-baghdadi-insight-idUSKBN0OW1VN20150616 |work=Reuters |date=16 June 2015 |access-date=1 July 2015 |archive-date=3 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703111617/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/06/16/us-mideast-crisis-baghdadi-insight-idUSKBN0OW1VN20150616 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <small>(2015 Jihadist claim)</small> * 28,600–31,600<ref>{{cite web|title=Operation Inherent Resolve and other overseas contingency operations |url=https://media.defense.gov/2019/Feb/05/2002086500/-1/-1/1/FY2019_LIG_OIRREPORT.PDF|publisher=US Department of Defense|date=31 December 2018}}</ref> <small>(2016 Defense Department estimate)</small> * 35,000–100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Briefing With Special Representative for Syria Engagement and Special Envoy for the Global Coalition To Defeat ISIS Ambassador James Jeffrey |url=https://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2019/03/290654.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507104644/https://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2019/03/290654.htm |archive-date=7 May 2019|url-status=dead |website=state.gov|access-date=11 May 2019}}</ref> <small>(State Department estimate)</small>}} |Outside Syria and Iraq: 32,600–57,900 (See [[Military activity of ISIL]] for more detailed estimates.) |Estimated total: 61,200–257,900}}{{Collapsible list| title = Civilian population |In 2015 (near max extent): 8–12 million<ref name="by the numbers">{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2017-12-27/isis-by-the-numbers-in-2017|title=ISIS By the Numbers in 2017|first=Paul D. |last=Shinkman|publisher=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |date=27 December 2017}}</ref><ref name="rolling back">{{cite web|url=https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1912.html|title=Rolling Back the Islamic State|first1=Seth G. |last1=Jones|first2=James |last2=Dobbins|first3=Daniel |last3=Byman|first4=Christopher S. |last4=Chivvis|first5=Ben |last5=Connable|first6=Jeffrey |last6=Martini|first7=Eric |last7=Robinson|first8=Nathan |last8=Chandler|display-authors=3|publisher=[[RAND Corporation]]|date=2017|access-date=1 April 2019}}</ref>}} | previous = {{flagicon image|Flag of JTJ.svg}} [[Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad]] (1999)<ref name="winepJune14">{{cite report |first=Aaron Y. |last=Zelin |date=June 2014 |title=The War between ISIS and al-Qaeda for Supremacy of the Global Jihadist Movement |work=Research Notes |volume=20 |publisher=[[The Washington Institute for Near East Policy]] |url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/ResearchNote_20_Zelin.pdf |access-date=2018-01-05 |archive-date=2016-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409030058/http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/ResearchNote_20_Zelin.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> | allies = [[#Supporters|See section]] | opponents = '''State opponents''' * {{flagcountry|Canada}} * {{flagcountry|France}} * {{flagcountry|Iran}} * {{flagcountry|Iraq}} * {{flagcountry|Jordan}}<ref name="elpais">{{cite news |url=https://elpais.com/internacional/2015/11/25/mexico/1448469984_093088.html |title=México aparece entre los países amenazados por el ISIS |trans-title=Mexico appears among the countries threatened by ISIS|date=25 November 2015 |location=Madrid |newspaper=[[El País]] |publisher=[[Prisa]] |language=es}}</ref> * {{flagcountry|Lebanon}} * {{flagcountry|Libya}} * {{flag|Nigeria}} * {{flagcountry|Russia}} * {{flagcountry|Saudi Arabia}} * {{flagcountry|Syria}} * {{flagcountry|Turkey}} * {{flagcountry|United Arab Emirates}}<ref name=elpais/> * {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}} * {{flagcountry|United States}} * {{flagcountry|Yemen}} {{collapsible list|title=Many others |{{flagcountry|Afghanistan}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/asia/isis-targets-taliban-in-fight-for-afghanistan-1.750512 |title=ISIS targets Taliban in fight for Afghanistan |first1=Ben |last1=Farmer |first2=Saleem |last2=Mehsud |date=15 July 2018 |newspaper=[[Thenational.ae]]}}</ref> |{{flag|Abkhazia}} |{{flagcountry|Albania}}<ref name=elpais/> |{{flag|Algeria}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/12/algeria-symbolic-target-isil-151224080709968.html |title=Algeria a 'symbolic target' for ISIL |first=Djamila Ould |last=Khettab |date=30 December 2015 |newspaper=[[Al Jazeera]] |publisher=[[Al Jazeera Media Network]]}}</ref> |{{flag|Armenia}} |{{flag|Artsakh}} |{{flag|Azerbaijan}} |{{flagcountry|Australia}}<ref>{{cite web|title=OKRA Home|url=http://www.defence.gov.au/Operations/Okra/default.asp|website=Global Operations|publisher=Department of Defense – Government of Australia|access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref> |{{flagcountry|Austria}}<ref name=elpais/> |{{flagcountry|Bahrain}}<ref name=elpais/> |{{flag|Bangladesh}} |{{flag|Belgium}} |{{flag|Benin}} |{{flag|Bolivia}}<ref>{{cite news |first=Tom |last=Porter |title=Isis Use Picture of \'Cyclops Baby\' to Recruit Fighters for Apocalyptic Battle |work=International Business Times |date=13 September 2014 |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/isis-use-picture-cyclops-baby-recruit-fighters-apocalyptic-battle-1465323}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Joel |last=Stonington |title=Is This Cyclops Baby the Muslim Antichrist? |work=[[Vocativ]] |date=9 September 2014 |url=https://www.vocativ.com/tech/internet/cyclops-baby-muslim-antichrist-much/index.html |access-date=16 May 2020 |archive-date=9 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009130121/https://www.vocativ.com/tech/internet/cyclops-baby-muslim-antichrist-much/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |{{flagcountry|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}<ref name=elpais/> |{{flagcountry|Brazil}}<ref>{{cite news |first1=Simon |last1=Romero |first2=Michael |last2=Schmidt |title=As ISIS Posts in Portuguese, U.S. and Brazil Bolster Olympics Security |work=The New York Times |date=1 August 2016 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/02/world/americas/rio-de-janeiro-olympics-terrorism-brazil.html}}</ref> |{{flag|Cameroon}} |{{flag|Canada}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Operation IMPACT|url=http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/operations-abroad-current/op-impact.page|website=National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces|access-date=6 March 2018|archive-date=21 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021003736/http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/operations-abroad-current/op-impact.page|url-status=dead}}</ref> |{{flag|Chad}} |{{flag|China}}<ref>{{cite news |first=Samuel |last=Osbourne |title=Isis threatens China and vows to 'shed blood like rivers' |work=The Independent |date=1 March 2017|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-china-threaten-terror-attack-muslim-islamist-group-islamic-state-a7606211.html}}</ref> |{{flagcountry|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} |{{flagcountry|Croatia}}<ref name=elpais/> |{{flagcountry|Czech Republic}}<ref name=elpais/> |{{flag|Denmark}} |{{flagcountry|Egypt}} |{{flagcountry|Estonia}} |{{flagcountry|Finland}}<ref name=elpais/> |{{flag|Georgia}} |{{flagcountry|Germany}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Germany to strip dual-nationals who fight for Isis of citizenship |work=[[Financial Times]] |url=https://www.ft.com/content/1c929f90-3e6b-11e9-9bee-efab61506f44 |url-access=subscription}}{{full citation needed|date=September 2019}}</ref> |{{flagcountry|Greece}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://greece.greekreporter.com/2014/09/25/greece-brings-war-against-the-islamic-state/|title=Greece Brings War Against the Islamic State|first=Nikoleta |last=Kalmouki|date=25 September 2014}}</ref> |{{flagcountry|Hungary}}<ref name=elpais/> |{{flagcountry|India}} |{{flagcountry|Indonesia}} |{{flagcountry|Ireland}}<ref name=elpais/> |{{flagcountry|Israel}} |{{flagcountry|Italy}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.corriere.it/esteri/15_ottobre_05/italia-bombardera-l-isis-iraq-61fd0934-6ba2-11e5-9423-d78dd1862fd7.shtml|title=L'Italia pronta a bombardare Isis in Iraq. La Difesa: ipotesi da valutare|date=6 October 2015|website=Corriere della Sera}}</ref> |{{flagcountry|Japan}}<ref name=elpais/> |{{flagcountry|Kazakhstan}}<ref>{{cite news |first=Almaz |last=Kumenov |title=Kazakhstan evacuates citizens from Syria, arrests some |date=14 May 2019 |publisher=[[Eurasianet]] |url=https://eurasianet.org/kazakhstan-evacuates-citizens-from-syria-arrests-some}}</ref> |{{flagcountry|North Korea}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Pro-Isis hackers attack North Korean airline Facebook page |work=The Guardian |date=14 January 2015 |agency=AFP |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/14/isis-hackers-north-korean-airline-facebook}}</ref> |{{flagcountry|South Korea}}<ref name=elpais/> |{{flagcountry|Kosovo}}<ref name=elpais/> |{{flagcountry|Kyrgyzstan}}<ref>{{cite news |first=Joanna |last=Paraszczuk |title=Kyrgyzstan Bans IS, Designates It As Terror Group |date=15 March 2015 |publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |url=http://www.rferl.org/content/kyrgyzstan-bans-islamic-state/26920328.html}}</ref> |{{flagcountry|Latvia}} |{{flagcountry|Lithuania}} |{{flagcountry|Luxembourg}}<ref name=elpais/> |{{flagcountry|Malaysia}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jul/20/malaysia-launches-crackdown-on-isis-after-threats-to-kill-the-king-and-prime-minister|title=Malaysia launches crackdown on Isis after threats to kill the king and prime minister|first=Hannah |last=Ellis-Petersen |date=20 July 2018|work=The Guardian}}</ref> |{{flagcountry|Maldives}} |{{flagcountry|Malta}}<ref name=elpais/> |{{flagcountry|Mauritius}}<ref>{{cite news |first=David H. |last=Ucko |title=Trouble in Paradise: Mauritus Tries to Ward off Islamic Radicalization |date=28 December 2017 |work=World Politics Review |url=https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/23693/trouble-in-paradise-mauritius-tries-to-ward-off-islamist-radicalization}}</ref> |{{flagcountry|Mexico}}<ref name=elpais/> |{{flagcountry|Moldova}}<ref name=elpais/> |{{flagcountry|Morocco}}<ref name=elpais/> |{{flagcountry|Mozambique}} |{{flagcountry|Netherlands}} |{{flagcountry|New Zealand}}<ref name=elpais/> |{{flagcountry|Nicaragua}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Islamic State group: Nicaragua arrests four suspected members |publisher=BBC News |date=26 June 2019 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-48773780}}</ref> |{{flag|Niger}} |{{flagcountry|North Macedonia}}<ref name=elpais/> |{{flagcountry|Norway}}<ref name=elpais/> |{{flagcountry|Oman}}<ref name=elpais/> |{{flagcountry|Pakistan}} |{{flagcountry|Palestine}} |{{flagcountry|Philippines}} |{{flagcountry|Poland}}<ref name=elpais/> |{{flagcountry|Portugal}}<ref name=elpais/> |{{flagcountry|Qatar}}<ref name=elpais/> |{{flagcountry|Romania}}<ref name=elpais/> |{{flagcountry|Serbia}}<ref name=elpais/> |{{flagcountry|Singapore}} |{{flagcountry|Slovakia}}<ref name=elpais/> |{{flagcountry|Slovenia}}<ref name=elpais/> |{{flagcountry|Somalia}} |{{flagcountry|South Ossetia}} |{{flagcountry|Spain}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Barcelona Terror Alert Coincides with New Spanish-Language ISIS Threats |first=Bridget |last=Johnson |date=30 December 2018 |work=Homeland Security Today |url=https://www.hstoday.us/subject-matter-areas/terrorism-study/barcelona-terror-alert-coincides-with-new-spanish-language-isis-threats/}}</ref> |{{flagcountry|Sri Lanka}}<ref name="isisindependent">{{cite news |title=Sri Lanka bombings: Isis claims responsibility for deadly church and hotel attacks on Easter Sunday |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/sri-lanka-bombings-isis-terror-church-attack-easter-islamic-state-a8882231.html |work=The Independent |date=23 April 2019}}</ref> |{{flagcountry|Sweden}}<ref name=elpais/> |{{flagcountry|Switzerland}}<ref name=elpais/> |{{flagcountry|Taiwan}}<ref name=elpais/> |{{flagcountry|Tajikistan}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Video Purports to Show Tajikistan Attackers Pledging Allegiance to ISIS |first1=Rukmini |last1=Callimachi |first2=Andrew E. |last2=Kramer |date=31 July 2018 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/31/world/asia/isis-tajikistan-video-attack.html}}</ref> |{{flagcountry|Thailand}} |{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} |{{flag|Tunisia}} |{{flag|Turkmenistan}}<ref>{{cite web |first=John |last=McAdams |title=The President of Turkmenistans Anti-ISIS Propaganda Video is Straight out of an '80s Action Movie |date=7 August 2017 |website=Wide Open Spaces |url=https://www.wideopenspaces.com/president-of-turkmenistans-anti-isis-propaganda-video/}}</ref> |{{flagcountry|Ukraine}}<ref name=elpais/> |{{flagcountry|Uzbekistan}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Uzbekistan to receive and rehabilitate 148 women and children from ISIS |date=3 June 2019 |website=AlShahidWitness.com |url=https://alshahidwitness.com/uzbekistan-isis-repatriation-women-children/ }}{{Dead link|date=February 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>|{{flagcountry|Vietnam}}|{{flagcountry|Venezuela}}<ref name="AsambleaVE">{{cite tweet |user=jguaido |author=Juan Guaidó |number=1169247448147091457 |date = 4 September 2019 |title=Desde la @AsambleaVE hemos declarado a la disidencia de las FARC, ELN, Hamas, Hezbollah e ISIS como grupos terroristas, ordenándoles a todos los cuerpos de seguridad del Estado proteger nuestra soberanía e integridad territorial frente a la amenaza que representan estos grupos.}}</ref> |{{flagcountry|Western Sahara}} }} '''Non-state opponents''' * {{flagicon image|Flag of Syrian Democratic Forces.svg}} [[Syrian Democratic Forces]] * {{flagicon image|Emblem of the Nineveh Plain Protection Units.svg}} [[Nineveh Plain Protection Units]] * {{flag|Hezbollah}} * {{flag|Ansarallah}} * [[Badr Organisation]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Badr Organization Destroys ISIS Car Bomb |date=5 June 2015 |work=Military.com |url=http://www.military.com/video/operations-and-strategy/terrorism/badr-organization-destroys-isis-car-bomb/4277703242001}}</ref> * [[Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/combat-footage-iraqi-forces-battle-isis-east-syria/ |title=Combat footage: Iraqi forces battle ISIS in east Syria |first=Andrew |last=Illingworth |date=22 December 2017 |publisher=Al Masdar News |access-date=6 June 2019 |archive-date=5 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605181414/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/combat-footage-iraqi-forces-battle-isis-east-syria/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Europe.svg}} [[European Union]] * [[Kata'ib Hezbollah]] * {{Flagicon image|}} [[Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba]] * [[Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada]] * {{flagicon image|Flag of Kurdistan.svg}} [[Peshmerga]] * {{flagicon image|Flag of Koma Civakên Kurdistanê.svg}} [[Kurdistan Communities Union]] * {{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} [[Free Syrian Army]] * {{flagicon image|Flag of Kurdistan.svg}} [[Iraqi Kurdistan]] * {{flag|al-Qaeda}} * {{flagicon image|Flag of Ahrar ash-Sham.svg}} [[Ahrar al-Sham]] * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Al-Nusra Front.svg}} [[Al-Nusra Front]] ([[Tahrir al-Sham]] since 2017) * {{flagdeco|Libya}} [[Libya Shield Force]] * {{flagicon image|Flag of al-Qassam Brigades.svg}} [[Hamas]] * {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Shura Council of Mujahideen in Derna]]<ref>{{cite news |first=Rami |last=Musa |title=Al-Qaida-linked militants attack IS affiliate in Libya |date=10 June 2015 |work=Military Times |url=https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2015/06/10/al-qaida-linked-militants-attack-is-affiliate-in-libya/}}</ref> * {{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} [[Taliban]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/01/24/taliban-agree-isil-al-qaeda-will-barred-afghanistan-major-concession/ | title=Taliban agree Isil and Al-Qaeda will be barred from Afghanistan in major concession during talks with US |first=Ben |last=Farmer |date=24 January 2019 |newspaper=[[Telegraph (newspaper)|Telegraph]] |publisher=[[Telegraph Media Group Limited]]}}</ref> * {{flagicon image|Emblem of the Jaish al-Fatah.svg}} [[Army of Conquest]] (2015–17) [[#Countries and groups at war with ISIL|Full list...]] | image_size = 200px | active2 = }} <!--Lead starts below--> '''Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant''' ('''ISIL''') ({{lang-ar|الدولة الإسلامية في العراق والشام}}), or '''Islamic State of Iraq and Syria''' ('''ISIS'''),<ref>{{lang-ar|الدَّوْلَةُ الْاسْلَامِيَّةُ فِي الْعِرَاقِ وَالشَّامِ}} ''{{transl|ar|DIN|ad-Dawlat al-Islāmiyya fī’l-‘Irāq wa’sh-Shām}}''</ref> or '''Islamic State''', ('''IS''')<ref>{{cite news |title=Isis vs Islamic State vs Isil vs Daesh: What do the different names mean – and why does it matter? |author=Lizie Dearden |newspaper=independent.co.uk |date=23 September 2014 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-vs-islamic-state-vs-isil-vs-daesh-what-do-the-different-names-mean-9750629.html |access-date=24 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Islamic State: is it Isis, Isil – or possibly Daesh? |author=Ian Black |newspaper=Guardian News and Media Limited |date=21 September 2014 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2014/sep/21/islamic-state-isis-isil-daesh |access-date=24 September 2014}}</ref> is a [[Sunni]] [[Islamism|Islamist]] militant organization. It seeks to establish a global [[caliphate]] ruled by [[Sharia law]]. In [[Arabic language|Arabic]] it is often called the phrase "Daesh" but it is disliked by the group.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tooth|first=John-Paul|date=2015-11-18|title=Why Does Islamic State Hate Being Called 'Daesh'?|url=https://www.forces.net/news/why-does-islamic-state-hate-being-called-daesh|access-date=2024-03-24|website=Forces Network|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-11-14|title=What Does 'Daesh' Mean and Why Does ISIS Hate It?|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/isis-terror/paris-attacks-what-does-daesh-mean-why-does-isis-hate-n463551|access-date=2024-03-24|website=NBC News|language=en}}</ref> It operates in [[Libya]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=How a Libyan city joined the Islamic State group |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/195a7ffb0090444785eb814a5bda28c7/how-libyan-city-joined-islamic-state-group |access-date=2015-04-10 |archive-date=2015-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714093414/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/195a7ffb0090444785eb814a5bda28c7/how-libyan-city-joined-islamic-state-group |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Nigeria]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/isis-accepts-boko-haram-pledge-says-would-be-recruits-can-go-to-nigeria-1.2993474|title=ISIS accepts Boko Haram pledge, says would-be recruits can go to Nigeria - CBC News |agency= Associated Press |date= 13 March 2015 |orig-year= last update 2:43&nbsp;AM ET |website=CBC}}</ref> [[Syria]] and a small part of northern [[Iraq]]. It is influenced by the Wahhabi Sect of [[Islam]].<ref>{{cite web|author=therearenosunglasses |url=http://therearenosunglasses.wordpress.com/2014/05/18/the-dangerous-spread-of-wahhabi-holy-fascism/ |title=The dangerous spread of Wahhabi "Holy Fascism" &#124; ThereAreNoSunglasses |publisher=Therearenosunglasses.wordpress.com |date=18 May 2014 |access-date=14 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="BBCISIL">{{cite news|title=Profile: Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIS)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-24179084|work=7 January 2014|publisher=BBC|date=6 January 2014|access-date=6 February 2014}}</ref> It claims the status of independent [[state]] for the territories under its control in [[Iraq]], [[Libya]], [[Nigeria]], and [[Syria]]. It is opposed to [[Shia Islam|Shiism]] and has been described as "Shiaphobic".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-29205447|title=Viewpoint: Why Islamic State will not endure|first=Afzal|last=Ashraf|date=16 September 2014|via=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref><ref>Rise of ISIS: a threat we can't ignore - p 8, Jay Sekulow - 2014.</ref> The earliest evolution of the group traces its origins back to the [[Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad]] group which was founded by [[Abu Musab al-Zarqawi]] in 1999. This group eventually grew and became a centralized network in the early years of the [[Iraq War]] and associated itself with [[Al-Qaeda]] in 2004. In 2006, the group formed into the Mujahideen Shura Council which was an umbrella organization that was composed of different insurgent groups. On 15 October 2006, the group rebranded itself as the [[Islamic State of Iraq]] and appointed [[Abu Omar al-Baghdadi]] as its emir. Its aim was to establish a [[caliphate]] in the [[Sunni]] majority regions of [[Iraq]], later expanding this to include [[Syria]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Cockburn |first=Patrick |date=9 June 2014 |title=Battle to establish Islamic state across Iraq and Syria |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/battle-to-establish-islamic-state-across-iraq-and-syria-9510044.html |work=[[The Independent]] |access-date=12 June 2014 }}</ref> In February 2014, after an eight-month power struggle, [[Al-Qaeda]] cut all ties with ISIL.<ref name="AlQaedaTiesEnd">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/al-qaeda-disavows-any-ties-with-radical-islamist-isis-group-in-syria-iraq/2014/02/03/2c9afc3a-8cef-11e3-98ab-fe5228217bd1_story.html|title=Al-Qaeda disavows any ties with radical Islamist ISIS group in Syria, Iraq|newspaper=The Washington Post|author=Liz Sly|date=3 February 2014|access-date=7 February 2014}}</ref> ISIL is millenarianist,<ref>Wood, Graeme C.A. March 2015. ''The Atlantic'' [https://www.theatlantic.com/features/archive/2015/02/what-isis-really-wants/384980/ What ISIS really wants]</ref> meaning it believes that society is going to change a lot, and everything we know will end soon. The group recruits new members by promising them sex slaves or cheap marriages.<ref>Kibble, David G. "Dabiq, the Islamic State's Magazine: A Critical Analysis." Middle East Policy 23.3 (2016): 133-143</ref> ==Fighting== At the height of the [[2003 invasion of Iraq|Iraq War]], ISIL was in the Iraqi provinces of [[Al Anbar]], [[Ninawa]], Kirkuk, most of Salah ad Din, parts of [[Babil]], Diyala and [[Baghdad]]. It claimed [[Baqubah]] as its capital.<ref name="autogenerated1">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/10/AR2006091001204.html?nav=rss_email/components Situation called dire in west Iraq.] ''[[The Washington Post]]'', 2006-SEP-10.</ref><ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/27/AR2006112701287.html "Anbar Picture Grows Clearer, and Bleaker".] ''The Washington Post'', 28 November 2006</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://onthescene.msnbc.com/baghdad/2006/12/reporting_under.html#posts|title=Reporting under al-Qaida control|publisher=MSNBC|date=27 December 2006|access-date=28 October 2009|archive-date=12 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012110014/http://onthescene.msnbc.com/baghdad/2006/12/reporting_under.html#posts|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Engel|first=Richard|url=http://worldblog.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2007/01/17/32969.aspx|title=Dangers of the Baghdad plan|publisher=MSNBC|date=17 January 2007|access-date=28 October 2009|archive-date=2 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071102170117/http://worldblog.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2007/01/17/32969.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the ongoing [[Syrian Civil War]], the group has a large presence in the Syrian governorates of Ar-Raqqa, Idlib and [[Aleppo]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Iraq jailbreak highlights al-Qaeda affiliate's ascendancy|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=23 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Islamic law comes to rebel-held Syria|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/islamic-law-comes-to-rebel-held-syria/2013/03/19/b310532e-90af-11e2-bdea-e32ad90da239_print.html|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=23 July 2013}}</ref> The group has attacked government and military targets. It has claimed responsibility for attacks that killed thousands of Iraqi [[civilian]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/12/11/us-iraq-violence-al-qaeda-idUSBRE9BA0O820131211|title=Al Qaeda tightens grip on western Iraq in bid for Islamic state|website=[[Reuters]] |date=11 December 2013|access-date=2 June 2014|archive-date=9 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009172010/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/12/11/us-iraq-violence-al-qaeda-idUSBRE9BA0O820131211|url-status=dead}}</ref> During the time coalition forces were present in Iraq, the group suffered some setbacks. By 2012, it was thought to have regained most of its strength and more than doubled the number of its members to about 2,500.<ref name="ucdp.uu.se">Uppsala Conflict Data Program Conflict Encyclopedia, Iraq, In depth, Continued armed conflict after USA's troop withdrawal from Iraq, http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=77&regionSelect=10-Middle_East# {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927151947/http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=77&regionSelect=10-Middle_East |date=2013-09-27 }}</ref> In 2013, a letter and an audio recording of [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]], the leader of al-Qaeda, was leaked to [[Al Jazeera]]. In it, al-Zawahiri disbanded the Syrian faction of ISIL.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2013/Nov-08/237219-zawahiri-disbands-main-qaeda-faction-in-syria-jazeera.ashx#axzz2jVRVxOhD|title=Zawahiri disbands main Qaeda faction in Syria|date=8 November 2013|access-date=8 November 2013|archive-date=9 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109021550/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2013/Nov-08/237219-zawahiri-disbands-main-qaeda-faction-in-syria-jazeera.ashx#axzz2jVRVxOhD|url-status=dead}}</ref> The group's leader, [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]], opposed this ruling on the basis of [[Islamic law]].<ref name="aljazeera150613">{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2013/06/2013615172217827810.html|title=Iraqi al-Qaeda chief rejects Zawahiri orders|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=15 June 2013|access-date=15 June 2013}}</ref> The group has since continued to operate in Syria. Starting in April 2013, it made rapid military gains in large parts of Northern Syria, where the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights described them as "the strongest group".<ref name="ISISNorthSyria">{{cite news|title=Al Qaeda-linked group strengthens hold in northern Syria|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/11/05/world/europe/syria-turkey-al-qaeda/|author=Gul Tuysuz, Raja Razek, Nick Paton Walsh|publisher=CNN|date=6 November 2013|access-date=3 December 2013}}</ref> They have sought publicity by releasing videos of the [[decapitation]] (beheading) of [[journalist]]s and other [[prisoner of war|prisoners of war]] mainly done by member [[Jihadi John]]. He was killed in November 2015. == Worldwide caliphate == In June 2014, it announced a worldwide [[caliphate]]. In 2014, ISIL successfully fought in a large-scale offensive in Iraq. After this offensive, ISIL is reported to have seized control of most of [[Mosul]], the second biggest city in Iraq, its surrounding Nineveh province, and the city of [[Fallujah]]. It proceeded to persecute non-Sunni minorities such as [[Shia Muslim]]s, [[Christians]], and [[Yazidis]]. Its actions against the Yazidi people was deemed to be a genocide by the international community.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/11/world/middleeast/militants-in-mosul.html?_r=0|title=Sunni militants drive Iraqi Army out of Mosul |work=The New York Times |date=10 June 2014}}</ref> In the spring of 2015 ISIL fought for control of [[Tikrit]], the administrative center of the Salah ad Din Governorate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/06/iraqi-city-tikrit-falls-isil-fighters-2014611135333576799.html|title=Iraq city of Tikrit falls to ISIL fighters|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=11 June 2014}}</ref> In spring of 2016 the Army of Iraq took back Fallujah. At the end of 2016 the army took back [[Ramadi]] in [[Al Anbar Province]], and in early 2017 Iraqi government forces retook [[Mosul]]. In October, [[Raqqa]], the former headquarters, fell. == Film == The 2014 film ''The Blue Man'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt3261304/|title=The Blue Man|via=www.imdb.com}}</ref> which is related to [[The New York Times]] article titled "Uncovering Iraq's Horrors in Desert Graves" written by John F. Burns,<ref name="faces">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/05/world/middleeast/05grave.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0|work=The New York Times|first=John F.|last=Burns|date=6 June 2006|title=Uncovering Iraq's horrors in desert graves}}</ref> also mentions mass killings of [[Shia]] Muslims by the Islamic State between 2003 to 2006. == References == {{reflist|2}} [[Category:Caliphates]] [[Category:History of Iraq]] [[Category:Islamic State| ]] [[Category:Shiaphobia]] [[Category:History of Syria]] [[Category:Islamist militant groups]] 775co12trlt7swnzqs0fygnx6bj51dj 0 455265 10369014 10324882 2025-07-03T05:46:27Z 2600:1012:B206:2CA2:8DE1:6563:F1D4:5BEE 10369014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox criminal | name = Rodney Alcala | height = 6 ft 0 in | image = Rodney Alcala 1979 mugshot.jpg | caption = Alcala in 1979 | birth_name = Rodrigo Jacques Alcala Buquor | alias = The Dating Game Killer<br />John Berger<br />John Burger<br />Rod Alcala | birth_date = {{birth date|1943|8|23}} | birth_place = [[San Antonio]], [[Texas]], U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|2021|7|24|1943|8|23}} | death_place = [[Corcoran, California|Corcoran]], [[California]], U.S. | cause = Natural causes | years_active = 1968–1979 | victims = At least 8, possibly up to 130 | country = United States | states = [[Washington (state)|Washington]] (possibly)<br />[[California]]<br />[[New York (state)|New York]]<br />[[Wyoming]] | beginyear = 1968 | endyear = 1979 | apprehended = July 24, 1979<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/talk/2010/03/serial_killer_rodney_alcalas_p.html |title = Serial Killer Rodney Alcala's Photo Trove Found|website = NPR|date = 11 March 2010|last1 = Handel|first1 = Sarah}}</ref> | conviction = [[Battery (crime)|Battery]], [[kidnapping]], [[murder]], [[probation violation]], [[rape]], providing [[cannabis]] to a minor | sentence = [[Capital punishment in California|Death]] | imprisoned = [[California State Prison, Corcoran]] | criminal_charge = 1 count of battery<br />1 count of kidnapping<br />Violation of probation<br />2 counts of rape<br />1 count of providing cannabis to a minor<br />5 counts of first-degree murder (2010) }} '''Rodney James Alcala''' (born '''Rodrigo Jacques Alcala Buquor'''; August 23, 1943 &ndash; July 24, 2021) was a [[ Latin Americans|Latin American]] [[rapist]] and [[serial killer]]. He committed five murders in [[California]] from 1977 to 1979. He was [[Death penalty|sentenced to death]] in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/worldnews/article-1262485/Rodney-Alcala-sentenced-death-murders-women-girl-12.html|accessdate=2014-06-23|title=Rodney Alcala sentenced to death for murders of four women and girl, 12|date=31 March 2010|publisher=[[Daily Mail|The Daily Mail]]}}</ref> He was given an extra sentence of 25 years to life after he pled guilty to two homicides in [[New York]] which took place in 1971 and 1977.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/01/07/us-usa-crime-serialkiller-idUSBRE9060S020130107|accessdate=2014-06-23|title="Dating Game" killer sentenced for 1970s murders|publisher=[[Reuters]]|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924173021/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/01/07/us-usa-crime-serialkiller-idUSBRE9060S020130107|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alcala was sometimes called the "''[[The Dating Game|Dating Game]]'' Killer". During the middle of his murder spree, he appeared on the show in 1978 and won.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/CRIME/03/08/dating.game.killer/index.html?hpt=T2|accessdate=2014-06-23|title=Convicted serial killer won on 'Dating Game'|publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> == Early life == When Alcala was 17, Alcala joined the army. In 1964, he was discharged and was diagnosed with [[antisocial personality disorder]]. In 1968, he gained a bachelor's degree from [[University of California, Los Angeles|UCLA]]. == Death == Alcala died of [[natural causes]] on July 24, 2021 in [[Corcoran, California]] at the age of 77.<ref name="CDCR">{{cite web |title=Condemned Inmate Rodney Alcala Dies of Natural Causes |url=https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/news/2021/07/24/condemned-inmate-rodney-alcala-dies-of-natural-causes/ |publisher=California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation |date=July 24, 2021}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/predators/rodney_alcala/1.html Crime Library: Extreme Serial Killer] *{{imdb name|id=3863147|name=Rodney Alcala}} {{US-bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Alcala, Rodney}} [[Category:1943 births]] [[Category:2021 deaths]] [[Category:American kidnappers]] [[Category:American people convicted of assault]] [[Category:American prisoners sentenced to death]] [[Category:American rapists]] [[Category:American serial killers]] [[Category:Criminals from Texas]] [[Category:People from San Antonio, Texas]] [[Category:People with antisocial personality disorder]] [[Category:People who died in prison custody in the United States]] lhcqkbf2p5ic6bah9nz43z9b6s55sza 10369285 10369014 2025-07-03T09:23:23Z Henri Aja 1041406 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/2600:1012:B206:2CA2:8DE1:6563:F1D4:5BEE|2600:1012:B206:2CA2:8DE1:6563:F1D4:5BEE]] ([[User talk:2600:1012:B206:2CA2:8DE1:6563:F1D4:5BEE|talk]]). ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox criminal | name = Rodney Alcala | image = Rodney Alcala 1979 mugshot.jpg | caption = Alcala in 1979 | birth_name = Rodrigo Jacques Alcala Buquor | alias = The Dating Game Killer<br />John Berger<br />John Burger<br />Rod Alcala | birth_date = {{birth date|1943|8|23}} | birth_place = [[San Antonio]], [[Texas]], U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|2021|7|24|1943|8|23}} | death_place = [[Corcoran, California|Corcoran]], [[California]], U.S. | cause = Natural causes | years_active = 1968–1979 | victims = At least 8, possibly up to 130 | country = United States | states = [[Washington (state)|Washington]] (possibly)<br />[[California]]<br />[[New York (state)|New York]]<br />[[Wyoming]] | beginyear = 1968 | endyear = 1979 | apprehended = July 24, 1979<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/talk/2010/03/serial_killer_rodney_alcalas_p.html |title = Serial Killer Rodney Alcala's Photo Trove Found|website = NPR|date = 11 March 2010|last1 = Handel|first1 = Sarah}}</ref> | conviction = [[Battery (crime)|Battery]], [[kidnapping]], [[murder]], [[probation violation]], [[rape]], providing [[cannabis]] to a minor | sentence = [[Capital punishment in California|Death]] | imprisoned = [[California State Prison, Corcoran]] | criminal_charge = 1 count of battery<br />1 count of kidnapping<br />Violation of probation<br />2 counts of rape<br />1 count of providing cannabis to a minor<br />5 counts of first-degree murder (2010) }} '''Rodney James Alcala''' (born '''Rodrigo Jacques Alcala Buquor'''; August 23, 1943 &ndash; July 24, 2021) was a [[ Latin Americans|Latin American]] [[rapist]] and [[serial killer]]. He committed five murders in [[California]] from 1977 to 1979. He was [[Death penalty|sentenced to death]] in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/worldnews/article-1262485/Rodney-Alcala-sentenced-death-murders-women-girl-12.html|accessdate=2014-06-23|title=Rodney Alcala sentenced to death for murders of four women and girl, 12|date=31 March 2010|publisher=[[Daily Mail|The Daily Mail]]}}</ref> He was given an extra sentence of 25 years to life after he pled guilty to two homicides in [[New York]] which took place in 1971 and 1977.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/01/07/us-usa-crime-serialkiller-idUSBRE9060S020130107|accessdate=2014-06-23|title="Dating Game" killer sentenced for 1970s murders|publisher=[[Reuters]]|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924173021/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/01/07/us-usa-crime-serialkiller-idUSBRE9060S020130107|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alcala was sometimes called the "''[[The Dating Game|Dating Game]]'' Killer". During the middle of his murder spree, he appeared on the show in 1978 and won.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/CRIME/03/08/dating.game.killer/index.html?hpt=T2|accessdate=2014-06-23|title=Convicted serial killer won on 'Dating Game'|publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> == Early life == When Alcala was 17, Alcala joined the army. In 1964, he was discharged and was diagnosed with [[antisocial personality disorder]]. In 1968, he gained a bachelor's degree from [[University of California, Los Angeles|UCLA]]. == Death == Alcala died of [[natural causes]] on July 24, 2021 in [[Corcoran, California]] at the age of 77.<ref name="CDCR">{{cite web |title=Condemned Inmate Rodney Alcala Dies of Natural Causes |url=https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/news/2021/07/24/condemned-inmate-rodney-alcala-dies-of-natural-causes/ |publisher=California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation |date=July 24, 2021}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/predators/rodney_alcala/1.html Crime Library: Extreme Serial Killer] *{{imdb name|id=3863147|name=Rodney Alcala}} {{US-bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Alcala, Rodney}} [[Category:1943 births]] [[Category:2021 deaths]] [[Category:American kidnappers]] [[Category:American people convicted of assault]] [[Category:American prisoners sentenced to death]] [[Category:American rapists]] [[Category:American serial killers]] [[Category:Criminals from Texas]] [[Category:People from San Antonio, Texas]] [[Category:People with antisocial personality disorder]] [[Category:People who died in prison custody in the United States]] 7rqa2p5cm9choz4mxhnx3rqjmgwpgae 0 455499 10368543 10136868 2025-07-03T00:12:22Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 Typo: duplication 10368543 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Wrestling event |name = Survivor Series (1990) |image = |caption = |tagline = The WWF Thanksgiving Night Tradition! |promotion = [[WWE|World Wrestling Federation]] |date = November 22, 1990 |venue = [[XL Center|Hartford Civic Center]] |city = [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]], [[Connecticut]] |lastevent = [[SummerSlam (1990)]] |nextevent = [[Royal Rumble (1991)]] |event = [[Survivor Series]] |lastevent2 = [[Survivor Series (1989)]] |nextevent2 = [[Survivor Series (1991)]] |future = }} '''Survivor Series (1990)''' was a [[professional wrestling]] [[pay-per-view]] [[List of WWE pay-per-view events|show]] made by the [[WWE|World Wrestling Federation]] (WWF). It took place on November 22, 1990 ([[Thanksgiving (United States)|Thanksgiving Day]]) at the [[XL Center|Hartford Civic Center]] in [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]], [[Connecticut]]. It was the fourth [[Survivor Series]] event held by the WWF. The event is best known for featuring the debut of [[The Undertaker]].<ref>Ted DiBiase: ''The Million Dollar Man'', p.177, Ted DiBiase with Tom Caiazzo, Pocket Books, New York, 2008, {{ISBN|978-1-4165-5890-3}}</ref>{{Clear}} ==Matches== {| style="font-size: 85%; text-align: left;" class="wikitable" |- !style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|'''No.''' !style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|'''Results'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/survivorseries/history/1990/results|accessdate=2014-06-26|title=Survivor Series 1990: Full Event Results|publisher=WWE}}</ref> !style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|'''Stipulations''' !style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|'''Times''' |- !1{{sup|D}} |[[Shane Douglas]] defeated [[Buddy Rose]] |[[Professional wrestling match types#Singles match|Singles match]] |N/A |- !2 |The Warriors ([[The Ultimate Warrior]], [[The Road Warriors|The Legion of Doom]] ([[Road Warrior Hawk|Hawk]] and [[Road Warrior Animal|Animal]]), and [[Kerry Von Erich|The Texas Tornado]]) defeated The Perfect Team ([[Curt Hennig|Mr. Perfect]] and [[Demolition (professional wrestling)|Demolition]] ([[Bill Eadie|Ax]], [[Barry Darsow|Smash]], and [[Brian Adams (wrestler)|Crush]])) (with [[Bobby Heenan]] and [[Mr. Fuji]]) |[[Professional wrestling match types#Survivor Series Elimination match|Four-on-four Survivor Series elimination match]]{{Ref|1|1}} |14:20 |- !3 |The Million Dollar Team ([[Ted DiBiase]], [[The Undertaker]], and [[Rhythm and Blues (professional wrestling)|Rhythm & Blues]] ([[The Honky Tonk Man]] and [[Greg Valentine]])) (with [[Virgil (wrestler)|Virgil]], [[Jimmy Hart]], and [[Bruce Prichard|Brother Love]]) defeated The Dream Team ([[Dusty Rhodes]], [[Koko B. Ware]], and [[The Hart Foundation]] ([[Bret Hart]] and [[Jim Neidhart]])) |Four-on-four Survivor Series elimination match{{Ref|2|2}} |13:54 |- !4 |The Visionaries ([[Rick Martel]], [[The Warlord (wrestler)|The Warlord]], [[Power and Glory]] ([[Hercules (wrestler)|Hercules]] and [[Paul Roma]])) (with [[Slick (wrestling)|Slick]]) defeated The Vipers ([[Jake Roberts]], [[Jimmy Snuka]], and [[The Rockers]] ([[Shawn Michaels]] and [[Marty Jannetty]])) |Four-on-four Survivor Series elimination match{{Ref|3|3}} |17:42 |- !5 |The Hulkamaniacs ([[Hulk Hogan]], [[Jim Duggan]], [[Big Boss Man]], and [[Fred Ottman|Tugboat]]) defeated The Natural Disasters ([[John Tenta|Earthquake]], [[Haku (wrestler)|Haku]], [[Dino Bravo]], and [[The Barbarian (wrestler)|The Barbarian]]) (with Jimmy Hart and Bobby Heenan) |Four-on-four Survivor Series elimination match{{Ref|4|4}} |14:49 |- !6 |The Alliance ([[Nikolai Volkoff]], [[Tito Santana]], and [[The Bushwhackers]] ([[Bushwhacker Luke|Luke]] and [[Bushwhacker Butch|Butch]]) defeated The Mercenaries ([[Sgt. Slaughter]], [[Boris Zhukov]] and [[The Orient Express]] ([[Akio Sato (wrestler)|Sato]] and [[Pat Tanaka|Tanaka]]) (with Mr. Fuji and [[General Adnan]]) |Four-on-four Survivor Series elimination match{{Ref|5|5}} |10:52 |- !7 |Hulk Hogan, The Ultimate Warrior, and Tito Santana defeated Ted DiBiase, Rick Martel, The Warlord and Power and Glory (Hercules and Paul Roma) (with Virgil and Slick) |"Grand Finale Match of Survival": three-on-five Survivor Series elimination match which featured the survivors from the earlier matches{{Ref|6|6}} |9:07 |- |colspan="4" align=center| {{center|(c) - is the champion(s) going into the match<br>'''D''' - This match was a [[List of professional wrestling terms#D|dark match]]}} |} === Eliminations === {{Note|1|1}} {| class="wikitable sortable" !Eliminated !Wrestler !Eliminated by !Method !Time |- |{{sort|01|1}} |Ax |The Ultimate Warrior |Pinfall |3:23 |- | rowspan="4" |{{sort|02|2}} |Smash | rowspan="4" |N/A | rowspan="4" |Disqualification | rowspan="4" |7:36 |- |Crush |- |Hawk |- |Animal |- |6 |The Texas Tornado |Mr. Perfect | rowspan="2" |Pinfall |11:02 |- |7 |Mr. Perfect |The Ultimate Warrior |14:20 |- |{{sort|11|'''Survivor:'''}} | colspan="4" |The Ultimate Warrior |} {{Note|2|2}} {| class="wikitable sortable" !Eliminated !Wrestler !Eliminated by !Method !Time |- |{{sort|01|1}} |Koko B. Ware |The Undertaker | rowspan="4" |Pinfall |1:39 |- |{{sort|02|2}} |The Honky Tonk Man |Jim Neidhart |4:16 |- |{{sort|03|3}} |Jim Neidhart |Ted DiBiase |5:49 |- |{{sort|04|4}} |Dusty Rhodes |The Undertaker |8:26 |- |{{sort|05|5}} |The Undertaker |N/A |Countout |9:17 |- |{{sort|06|6}} |Greg Valentine |Bret Hart | rowspan="2" |Pinfall |9:57 |- |{{sort|07|7}} |Bret Hart |Ted DiBiase |13:54 |- |{{sort|11|'''Survivor:'''}} | colspan="4" |Ted DiBiase |} {{Note|3|3}} {| class="wikitable sortable" !Eliminated !Wrestler !Eliminated by !Method !Time |- |{{sort|01|1}} |Marty Jannetty |The Warlord | rowspan="3" |Pinfall |5:03 |- |{{sort|02|2}} |Jimmy Snuka |Rick Martel |9:28 |- |{{sort|03|3}} |Shawn Michaels |Paul Roma |15:40 |- |{{sort|04|4}} |Jake Roberts |N/A |Countout |17:42 |- |{{sort|11|'''Survivors:'''}} | colspan="4" |Hercules, Paul Roma, Rick Martel and The Warlord (Clean sweep) |} {{Note|4|4}} {| class="wikitable sortable" !Eliminated !Wrestler !Eliminated by !Method !Time |- |{{sort|01|1}} |Haku |The Big Boss Man |Pinfall |3:15 |- |{{sort|02|2}} |Jim Duggan |N/A |Disqualification |6:12 |- |{{sort|03|3}} |Dino Bravo |Hulk Hogan | rowspan="2" |Pinfall |7:59 |- |{{sort|04|4}} |Big Boss Man |Earthquake |9:08 |- | rowspan="2" |{{sort|05|5}} |Tugboat | rowspan="2" |N/A | rowspan="2" |Double countout | rowspan="2" |11:33 |- |Earthquake |- |7 |The Barbarian |Hulk Hogan |Pinfall |14:49 |- |{{sort|11|'''Survivor:'''}} | colspan="4" |Hulk Hogan |} {{Note|5|5}} {| class="wikitable sortable" !Eliminated !Wrestler !Eliminated by !Method !Time |- |{{sort|01|1}} |Boris Zhukov |Tito Santana | rowspan="6" |Pinfall |0:48 |- |{{sort|02|2}} |Sato |Butch |1:46 |- |{{sort|03|3}} |Tanaka |Tito Santana |2:13 |- |{{sort|04|4}} |Nikolai Volkoff | rowspan="3" |Sgt. Slaughter |5:25 |- |{{sort|05|5}} |Luke |6:30 |- |{{sort|06|6}} |Butch |6:53 |- |{{sort|07|7}} |Sgt. Slaughter |N/A |Disqualification |10:52 |- |{{sort|11|'''Survivor:'''}} | colspan="4" |Tito Santana |} {{Note|6|6}} {| class="wikitable sortable" !Eliminated !Wrestler !Eliminated by !Method !Time |- |{{sort|01|1}} |The Warlord |Tito Santana | rowspan="3" |Pinfall |0:28 |- |{{sort|02|2}} |Tito Santana |Ted DiBiase |1:51 |- |{{sort|03|3}} |Paul Roma |Hulk Hogan |5:57 |- |{{sort|04|4}} |Rick Martel |N/A |Countout |7:17 |- |{{sort|05|5}} |Ted DiBiase |Hulk Hogan | rowspan="2" |Pinfall |8:30 |- |{{sort|06|6}} |Hercules |The Ultimate Warrior |9:07 |- |{{sort|11|'''Survivors:'''}} | colspan="4" |Hulk Hogan and The Ultimate Warrior |} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *[http://www.wwe.com/shows/survivorseries/history/1990 Official Survivor Series 1990 website] {{WWEPPV|Survivor Series}} [[Category:1990 in professional wrestling]] [[Category:1990 in the United States]] [[Category:Sports in Hartford, Connecticut]] [[Category:Survivor Series]] [[Category:20th century in Connecticut]] [[Category:November events]] [[Category:History of Hartford, Connecticut]] 0c6ydvriv6vyf86amfccehdm2j2bq0k 0 457742 10368148 10165896 2025-07-02T19:41:46Z 2001:569:BC15:6100:7412:A1EA:F9E0:D569 10368148 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Birthday | cover = | alt = | border = yes | type = | artist = [[Katy Perry]] | album = [[Prism (album)|Prism]] | EP = | written = | published = | released = April 21, 2014 | format = | recorded = 2013 | studio = | venue = | genre = [[Disco]] | length = 3:35 | label = [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] | writer = {{flatlist| *Katy Perry *[[Dr. Luke|Lukasz Gottwald]] *[[Max Martin]] *[[Bonnie McKee]] *[[Cirkut (record producer)|Henry Walter]] }} | composer = | lyricist = | producer = {{Flat list| *[[Dr. Luke]] *Max Martin *[[Cirkut (record producer)|Cirkut]] }} | prev_title = [[Dark Horse (song)|Dark Horse]] | prev_year = 2013 | title = | next_title = [[This Is How We Do]] | next_year = 2014 }} '''"Birthday"''' is a song by American pop singer-songwriter [[Katy Perry]]. It is the third track from her fourth studio album, ''[[Prism (album)|Prism]]'' (2013). "Birthday" was released as the third single from ''Prism'' on April 21, 2014. The lyrics are about celebrating a partner's birthday while Perry makes sexual references. It was released on April 21, 2014, and the song became a moderate success. It peaked in the top ten in Canada, the top twenty in the US, and the top twenty-five in the UK. On July 27, 2015, the [[Recording Industry Association of America]] certified the song Platinum for sales and streams equal to one million copies shipped.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&se=Katy+Perry#search_section | title = Katy Perry | access-date = 2016-02-16 | publisher = Recording Industry Association of America}}</ref> ==Music video== In one version of the music video for "Birthday", Perry dresses up as five different characters attending various birthday parties. They are Goldie<ref>{{cite web|title=Unseen footage of Goldie the dancer|url=http://www.katyperry.com/news/unseen-footage-goldie-dancer/|url-status=dead|access-date=20 February 2016|work=katyperry.com|archive-date=6 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406183547/http://www.katyperry.com/news/unseen-footage-goldie-dancer/}}</ref> (a burlesque dancer), Kriss the Clown, Yosef Shulem (a rabbi/DJ), Princess Mandee,<ref>{{cite web|title=Princess Mandee: unseen footage|url=http://www.katyperry.com/news/princess-mandee-unseen-footage/|url-status=dead|access-date=|work=katyperry.com|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304113744/http://www.katyperry.com/news/princess-mandee-unseen-footage/}}</ref> and Ace the Animal Trainer. There is a link to this version of the music video on Katy Perry's official website.<ref>{{cite web|title=Birthday (music video)|url=http://www.katyperry.com/news/birthday-music-video/|url-status=dead|access-date=20 February 2016|work=katyperry.com|publisher=Katy Perry|archive-date=2 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102052741/http://www.katyperry.com/news/birthday-music-video/}}</ref> All five characters can be seen in the video. ==Credits and personnel== Song credits adapted from the liner notes of ''Prism'', Capitol Records.<ref name="Notes">{{cite AV media notes |title=Prism |title-link=Prism (Katy Perry album) |others=Katy Perry |year=2013 |type=liner notes |publisher=Capitol Records |location=United States|id=B001934502 }}</ref> ===Song=== {{div col}} *[[Katy Perry]] – lead and background vocals, songwriting *[[Steve Turre]] – [[trombone]] *[[Earl Gardner (musician)|Earl Gardner]] – trumpet *[[Lenny Pickett]] – tenor sax *Mike Masteller – alto sax *[[Ron Blake]] – baritone sax *[[Dr. Luke]] – instruments and programming, songwriting, production *[[Max Martin]] – instruments and programming, songwriting, production *[[Cirkut (record producer)|Cirkut]] – instruments and programming, songwriting, production *[[Steven Wolf]] – [[drums]] *[[Lenny Pickett]] – horn arrangement *[[Dave O'Donnell]] – horns engineer *[[Bonnie McKee]] – songwriting *[[Serban Ghenea]] – [[Mixing (music production)|mixing]] *[[Carolina Liar|Peter Carlsson]] – engineering *Clint Gibbs – engineering *Sam Holland – engineering *Michael Illbert – engineering *John Hanes – mixing engineer {{div col end}} ===Music video=== Credits of the video production adapted from the visual.<ref name=birthdayvisual/> {{div col|colwidth=22em}} *[[Marc Klasfeld]] – director *Danny Lockwood – director *Nicole Acacio – executive producer *Dawn Rose – producer *Joseph Robbins – director of photography *Richard Alarcon – editor *[[Tony Gardner (designer)|Tony Gardner]] – special effects, makeup and design *Casey Storm – costume designer *Lissa Hahn – set dresser *TJ White – stunt coordinator *Mark Neiman – special effects makeup *Hugo Villasneor – special effects makeup *Jake Bailey – Princess Mandee's makeup *Olivia Segerstrom – wardrobe assistant *Mary Beck – wardrobe assistant *Ryan Cox – wardrobe assistant *Harwood Lee – tailor *Eric Holzer – grips *Robert Meckler – grips *Greg Mustin – grips *Curtis Smith – grips *Ryan Patterson – production designer *Bill Pollock – color *Josh Falcon – sound mix *Kenny Kiesecker – lead assistant editor *Daniel Miranda – assistant editor *Eddie Gil DeMontes – additional editing *David Camera – production supervisor *Rob Talt – hairdresser *Kimmie Kyees – nails *Kammy Lenox – stylist additional talent *Linda Sammut – hair makeup additional talent *Gavin Taylor – titles and motion graphics *Les Umberger – titles and motion graphics *Ben Schwartz – additional writing *[[Bruce Vilanch]] – additional writing *Sunset Edit – post-production *Possum Hill – behind the scenes *Daylan Williams – behind the scenes *Mitchie Meija – behind the scenes *Andy Theiss – behind the scenes *Reece Miller – behind the scenes *Michael E. Estrella – first assistant director *Jimmy Ramirez – second assistant director *Mike Scheneir – camera operator *Heather Brown – camera operator *Christian Meola – swing *Matt Conrad – camera technician *Stuart Hammond – camera technician *Jonathan Dec – [[clapper loader]] *Steve Pennel – art coordinator *Jamie Klasfeld – party supervisor *Tony Bollas – sound *Tracy Mills – [[video tape recorder]] *Carrie La – location manager *Stephen Kardell – location manager *Rony Alwin – still photographer *Alex Cruz – production assistant *Petra Westen – production assistant *Mario Valladares – production assistant *Kristin Guinn – production assistant *Breece Wilson – production assistant *Tony Alvarez – production assistant *Matt Hudson – production assistant *Deeter Lota – production assistant *Anthony Ortiz – production assistant *Hank Hartnell – production assistant *Henry Arres – production assistant {{div col end}} ==Track listing== *'''Digital download (Cash Cash Remix)'''<ref name="CashCash">{{cite web |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/birthday-cash-cash-remix-single/878381955 |title=Birthday (Cash Cash Remix) – Single |date=January 2014 |publisher=[[iTunes Store]]. [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] |access-date=2014-05-20}}</ref> #"Birthday" ([[Cash Cash]] Remix) – 4:25 ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{YouTube|jqYxyd1iSNk|Lyric Video}} * {{YouTube|CEUg7OplvIQ|Music Video}} {{Katy Perry}} {{authority control}} [[Category:2014 songs]] [[Category:Katy Perry songs]] [[Category:Songs about sexuality]] [[Category:Disco songs]] [[Category:Antisemitism]] {{music-stub}} glez0kpjllkz7sbp8voyyt2uqyk3u8x 10368149 10368148 2025-07-02T19:42:11Z 2001:569:BC15:6100:7412:A1EA:F9E0:D569 /* Music video */ 10368149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Birthday | cover = | alt = | border = yes | type = | artist = [[Katy Perry]] | album = [[Prism (album)|Prism]] | EP = | written = | published = | released = April 21, 2014 | format = | recorded = 2013 | studio = | venue = | genre = [[Disco]] | length = 3:35 | label = [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] | writer = {{flatlist| *Katy Perry *[[Dr. Luke|Lukasz Gottwald]] *[[Max Martin]] *[[Bonnie McKee]] *[[Cirkut (record producer)|Henry Walter]] }} | composer = | lyricist = | producer = {{Flat list| *[[Dr. Luke]] *Max Martin *[[Cirkut (record producer)|Cirkut]] }} | prev_title = [[Dark Horse (song)|Dark Horse]] | prev_year = 2013 | title = | next_title = [[This Is How We Do]] | next_year = 2014 }} '''"Birthday"''' is a song by American pop singer-songwriter [[Katy Perry]]. It is the third track from her fourth studio album, ''[[Prism (album)|Prism]]'' (2013). "Birthday" was released as the third single from ''Prism'' on April 21, 2014. The lyrics are about celebrating a partner's birthday while Perry makes sexual references. It was released on April 21, 2014, and the song became a moderate success. It peaked in the top ten in Canada, the top twenty in the US, and the top twenty-five in the UK. On July 27, 2015, the [[Recording Industry Association of America]] certified the song Platinum for sales and streams equal to one million copies shipped.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&se=Katy+Perry#search_section | title = Katy Perry | access-date = 2016-02-16 | publisher = Recording Industry Association of America}}</ref> ==Music video== In one version of the music video for "Birthday", Perry dresses up as five different characters attending various birthday parties. They are Goldie<ref>{{cite web|title=Unseen footage of Goldie the dancer|url=http://www.katyperry.com/news/unseen-footage-goldie-dancer/|url-status=dead|access-date=20 February 2016|work=katyperry.com|archive-date=6 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406183547/http://www.katyperry.com/news/unseen-footage-goldie-dancer/}}</ref> (a burlesque dancer), Kriss the Clown, Yosef Shulem (a rabbi/DJ), Princess Mandee,<ref>{{cite web|title=Princess Mandee: unseen footage|url=http://www.katyperry.com/news/princess-mandee-unseen-footage/|url-status=dead|access-date=|work=katyperry.com|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304113744/http://www.katyperry.com/news/princess-mandee-unseen-footage/}}</ref> and Ace the Animal Trainer. There is a link to this version of the music video on Katy Perry's official website.<ref>{{cite web|title=Birthday (music video)|url=http://www.katyperry.com/news/birthday-music-video/|url-status=dead|access-date=20 February 2016|work=katyperry.com|publisher=Katy Perry|archive-date=2 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102052741/http://www.katyperry.com/news/birthday-music-video/}}</ref> All five characters can be seen in the video. ==Credits and personnel== Song credits adapted from the liner notes of ''Prism'', Capitol Records.<ref name="Notes">{{cite AV media notes |title=Prism |title-link=Prism (Katy Perry album) |others=Katy Perry |year=2013 |type=liner notes |publisher=Capitol Records |location=United States|id=B001934502 }}</ref> ===Song=== {{div col}} *[[Katy Perry]] – lead and background vocals, songwriting *[[Steve Turre]] – [[trombone]] *[[Earl Gardner (musician)|Earl Gardner]] – trumpet *[[Lenny Pickett]] – tenor sax *Mike Masteller – alto sax *[[Ron Blake]] – baritone sax *[[Dr. Luke]] – instruments and programming, songwriting, production *[[Max Martin]] – instruments and programming, songwriting, production *[[Cirkut (record producer)|Cirkut]] – instruments and programming, songwriting, production *[[Steven Wolf]] – [[drums]] *[[Lenny Pickett]] – horn arrangement *[[Dave O'Donnell]] – horns engineer *[[Bonnie McKee]] – songwriting *[[Serban Ghenea]] – [[Mixing (music production)|mixing]] *[[Carolina Liar|Peter Carlsson]] – engineering *Clint Gibbs – engineering *Sam Holland – engineering *Michael Illbert – engineering *John Hanes – mixing engineer {{div col end}} ===Music video=== Credits of the video production adapted from the visual. {{div col|colwidth=22em}} *[[Marc Klasfeld]] – director *Danny Lockwood – director *Nicole Acacio – executive producer *Dawn Rose – producer *Joseph Robbins – director of photography *Richard Alarcon – editor *[[Tony Gardner (designer)|Tony Gardner]] – special effects, makeup and design *Casey Storm – costume designer *Lissa Hahn – set dresser *TJ White – stunt coordinator *Mark Neiman – special effects makeup *Hugo Villasneor – special effects makeup *Jake Bailey – Princess Mandee's makeup *Olivia Segerstrom – wardrobe assistant *Mary Beck – wardrobe assistant *Ryan Cox – wardrobe assistant *Harwood Lee – tailor *Eric Holzer – grips *Robert Meckler – grips *Greg Mustin – grips *Curtis Smith – grips *Ryan Patterson – production designer *Bill Pollock – color *Josh Falcon – sound mix *Kenny Kiesecker – lead assistant editor *Daniel Miranda – assistant editor *Eddie Gil DeMontes – additional editing *David Camera – production supervisor *Rob Talt – hairdresser *Kimmie Kyees – nails *Kammy Lenox – stylist additional talent *Linda Sammut – hair makeup additional talent *Gavin Taylor – titles and motion graphics *Les Umberger – titles and motion graphics *Ben Schwartz – additional writing *[[Bruce Vilanch]] – additional writing *Sunset Edit – post-production *Possum Hill – behind the scenes *Daylan Williams – behind the scenes *Mitchie Meija – behind the scenes *Andy Theiss – behind the scenes *Reece Miller – behind the scenes *Michael E. Estrella – first assistant director *Jimmy Ramirez – second assistant director *Mike Scheneir – camera operator *Heather Brown – camera operator *Christian Meola – swing *Matt Conrad – camera technician *Stuart Hammond – camera technician *Jonathan Dec – [[clapper loader]] *Steve Pennel – art coordinator *Jamie Klasfeld – party supervisor *Tony Bollas – sound *Tracy Mills – [[video tape recorder]] *Carrie La – location manager *Stephen Kardell – location manager *Rony Alwin – still photographer *Alex Cruz – production assistant *Petra Westen – production assistant *Mario Valladares – production assistant *Kristin Guinn – production assistant *Breece Wilson – production assistant *Tony Alvarez – production assistant *Matt Hudson – production assistant *Deeter Lota – production assistant *Anthony Ortiz – production assistant *Hank Hartnell – production assistant *Henry Arres – production assistant {{div col end}} ==Track listing== *'''Digital download (Cash Cash Remix)'''<ref name="CashCash">{{cite web |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/birthday-cash-cash-remix-single/878381955 |title=Birthday (Cash Cash Remix) – Single |date=January 2014 |publisher=[[iTunes Store]]. [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] |access-date=2014-05-20}}</ref> #"Birthday" ([[Cash Cash]] Remix) – 4:25 ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{YouTube|jqYxyd1iSNk|Lyric Video}} * {{YouTube|CEUg7OplvIQ|Music Video}} {{Katy Perry}} {{authority control}} [[Category:2014 songs]] [[Category:Katy Perry songs]] [[Category:Songs about sexuality]] [[Category:Disco songs]] [[Category:Antisemitism]] {{music-stub}} mr4cnp10ebfyzgctxiciqm1f2nq7cdj 10368161 10368149 2025-07-02T19:49:50Z 2001:569:BC15:6100:7412:A1EA:F9E0:D569 infobox 10368161 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Birthday | cover = | alt = | border = yes | type = | artist = [[Katy Perry]] | album = [[Prism (album)|Prism]] | EP = | written = | published = | released = April 21, 2014 | format = | recorded = 2013 | studio = * Luke's in the Boo (Malibu, CA) * [[Conway Recording Studios]] (Los Angeles, CA) * Playback Recording Studios (Santa Barbara, CA) * [[MXM Studios]] (Stockholm, Sweden)* Secret Garden Studios (Montecito, CA) | venue = | genre = [[Disco]] | length = 3:35 | label = [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] | writer = {{flatlist| *Katy Perry *[[Dr. Luke|Lukasz Gottwald]] *[[Max Martin]] *[[Bonnie McKee]] *[[Cirkut (record producer)|Henry Walter]] }} | composer = | lyricist = | producer = {{Flat list| *[[Dr. Luke]] *Max Martin *[[Cirkut (record producer)|Cirkut]] }} | prev_title = [[Dark Horse (song)|Dark Horse]] | prev_year = 2013 | title = | next_title = [[This Is How We Do]] | next_year = 2014 }} '''"Birthday"''' is a song by American pop singer-songwriter [[Katy Perry]]. It is the third track from her fourth studio album, ''[[Prism (album)|Prism]]'' (2013). "Birthday" was released as the third single from ''Prism'' on April 21, 2014. The lyrics are about celebrating a partner's birthday while Perry makes sexual references. It was released on April 21, 2014, and the song became a moderate success. It peaked in the top ten in Canada, the top twenty in the US, and the top twenty-five in the UK. On July 27, 2015, the [[Recording Industry Association of America]] certified the song Platinum for sales and streams equal to one million copies shipped.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&se=Katy+Perry#search_section | title = Katy Perry | access-date = 2016-02-16 | publisher = Recording Industry Association of America}}</ref> ==Music video== In one version of the music video for "Birthday", Perry dresses up as five different characters attending various birthday parties. They are Goldie<ref>{{cite web|title=Unseen footage of Goldie the dancer|url=http://www.katyperry.com/news/unseen-footage-goldie-dancer/|url-status=dead|access-date=20 February 2016|work=katyperry.com|archive-date=6 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406183547/http://www.katyperry.com/news/unseen-footage-goldie-dancer/}}</ref> (a burlesque dancer), Kriss the Clown, Yosef Shulem (a rabbi/DJ), Princess Mandee,<ref>{{cite web|title=Princess Mandee: unseen footage|url=http://www.katyperry.com/news/princess-mandee-unseen-footage/|url-status=dead|access-date=|work=katyperry.com|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304113744/http://www.katyperry.com/news/princess-mandee-unseen-footage/}}</ref> and Ace the Animal Trainer. There is a link to this version of the music video on Katy Perry's official website.<ref>{{cite web|title=Birthday (music video)|url=http://www.katyperry.com/news/birthday-music-video/|url-status=dead|access-date=20 February 2016|work=katyperry.com|publisher=Katy Perry|archive-date=2 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102052741/http://www.katyperry.com/news/birthday-music-video/}}</ref> All five characters can be seen in the video. ==Credits and personnel== Song credits adapted from the liner notes of ''Prism'', Capitol Records.<ref name="Notes">{{cite AV media notes |title=Prism |title-link=Prism (Katy Perry album) |others=Katy Perry |year=2013 |type=liner notes |publisher=Capitol Records |location=United States|id=B001934502 }}</ref> ===Song=== {{div col}} *[[Katy Perry]] – lead and background vocals, songwriting *[[Steve Turre]] – [[trombone]] *[[Earl Gardner (musician)|Earl Gardner]] – trumpet *[[Lenny Pickett]] – tenor sax *Mike Masteller – alto sax *[[Ron Blake]] – baritone sax *[[Dr. Luke]] – instruments and programming, songwriting, production *[[Max Martin]] – instruments and programming, songwriting, production *[[Cirkut (record producer)|Cirkut]] – instruments and programming, songwriting, production *[[Steven Wolf]] – [[drums]] *[[Lenny Pickett]] – horn arrangement *[[Dave O'Donnell]] – horns engineer *[[Bonnie McKee]] – songwriting *[[Serban Ghenea]] – [[Mixing (music production)|mixing]] *[[Carolina Liar|Peter Carlsson]] – engineering *Clint Gibbs – engineering *Sam Holland – engineering *Michael Illbert – engineering *John Hanes – mixing engineer {{div col end}} ===Music video=== Credits of the video production adapted from the visual. {{div col|colwidth=22em}} *[[Marc Klasfeld]] – director *Danny Lockwood – director *Nicole Acacio – executive producer *Dawn Rose – producer *Joseph Robbins – director of photography *Richard Alarcon – editor *[[Tony Gardner (designer)|Tony Gardner]] – special effects, makeup and design *Casey Storm – costume designer *Lissa Hahn – set dresser *TJ White – stunt coordinator *Mark Neiman – special effects makeup *Hugo Villasneor – special effects makeup *Jake Bailey – Princess Mandee's makeup *Olivia Segerstrom – wardrobe assistant *Mary Beck – wardrobe assistant *Ryan Cox – wardrobe assistant *Harwood Lee – tailor *Eric Holzer – grips *Robert Meckler – grips *Greg Mustin – grips *Curtis Smith – grips *Ryan Patterson – production designer *Bill Pollock – color *Josh Falcon – sound mix *Kenny Kiesecker – lead assistant editor *Daniel Miranda – assistant editor *Eddie Gil DeMontes – additional editing *David Camera – production supervisor *Rob Talt – hairdresser *Kimmie Kyees – nails *Kammy Lenox – stylist additional talent *Linda Sammut – hair makeup additional talent *Gavin Taylor – titles and motion graphics *Les Umberger – titles and motion graphics *Ben Schwartz – additional writing *[[Bruce Vilanch]] – additional writing *Sunset Edit – post-production *Possum Hill – behind the scenes *Daylan Williams – behind the scenes *Mitchie Meija – behind the scenes *Andy Theiss – behind the scenes *Reece Miller – behind the scenes *Michael E. Estrella – first assistant director *Jimmy Ramirez – second assistant director *Mike Scheneir – camera operator *Heather Brown – camera operator *Christian Meola – swing *Matt Conrad – camera technician *Stuart Hammond – camera technician *Jonathan Dec – [[clapper loader]] *Steve Pennel – art coordinator *Jamie Klasfeld – party supervisor *Tony Bollas – sound *Tracy Mills – [[video tape recorder]] *Carrie La – location manager *Stephen Kardell – location manager *Rony Alwin – still photographer *Alex Cruz – production assistant *Petra Westen – production assistant *Mario Valladares – production assistant *Kristin Guinn – production assistant *Breece Wilson – production assistant *Tony Alvarez – production assistant *Matt Hudson – production assistant *Deeter Lota – production assistant *Anthony Ortiz – production assistant *Hank Hartnell – production assistant *Henry Arres – production assistant {{div col end}} ==Track listing== *'''Digital download (Cash Cash Remix)'''<ref name="CashCash">{{cite web |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/birthday-cash-cash-remix-single/878381955 |title=Birthday (Cash Cash Remix) – Single |date=January 2014 |publisher=[[iTunes Store]]. [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] |access-date=2014-05-20}}</ref> #"Birthday" ([[Cash Cash]] Remix) – 4:25 ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{YouTube|jqYxyd1iSNk|Lyric Video}} * {{YouTube|CEUg7OplvIQ|Music Video}} {{Katy Perry}} {{authority control}} [[Category:2014 songs]] [[Category:Katy Perry songs]] [[Category:Songs about sexuality]] [[Category:Disco songs]] [[Category:Antisemitism]] {{music-stub}} 2o71b19teqzlqsz2xbrsnf4gfqfefsb 0 458255 10368137 10332390 2025-07-02T19:35:36Z 2001:569:BC15:6100:7412:A1EA:F9E0:D569 infobox 10368137 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox single | name = Dark Horse | type = Single | artist = [[Katy Perry]] featuring [[Juicy J]] | album = [[Prism (album)|''Prism'']] | studio = {{ubl|Playback Recording Studios|([[Santa Barbara, California]])|[[MXM Studios]]| (Stockholm, Sweden)|Luke's in the Boo|([[Malibu, California]])|Secret Garden Studios|([[Montecito, California]])}} | genre = {{hlist|[[Hip hop]]|trap}} | label = [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] | writer = {{hlist|Katy Perry|[[Juicy J|Jordan Houston]]|[[Dr. Luke|Lukasz Gottwald]]|Sarah Theresa Hudson|[[Max Martin]]|Henry Walter}} | producer = {{hlist|Dr. Luke|Max Martin|[[Cirkut]]}} | chronology = [[Katy Perry]] | prev_title = [[Unconditionally (Katy Perry song)|Unconditionally]] | prev_year = 2013 | title = Dark Horse | released = December 17, 2013 | length = 3:35 | year = 2013 | next_title = [[Birthday (Katy Perry song)|Birthday]] | next_year = 2014 | misc = {{Extra chronology | artist = [[Juicy J]] | type = single | prev_title = [[Lolly (song)|Lolly]] | prev_year = 2013 | title = Dark Horse | year = 2013 | next_title = [[Shell Shocked (song)|Shell Shocked]] | next_year = 2014 }} }} '''"Dark Horse"''' is a song by American singer [[Katy Perry]] from her fourth studio album, ''[[Prism (album)|Prism]]''. The song features American rapper [[Juicy J]]. "Dark Horse" was originally released as a promotional single from ''Prism''. After its unexpected success, it was released as the album's third single on December 17, 2013. "Dark Horse" became Perry's ninth number-one single in the United States. It was also number one in Canada. The song reached number four in the United Kingdom. On the year-end charts, "Dark Horse" was the second-best performing song of 2014 in the US. It was number 6 in Canada at the end of the year. In the UK, it was number 20 on the end-of-year chart. "Dark Horse" was certified Diamond (10× Platinum) in the United States for sales and streams equal to 10 million copies sold.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/|title=Gold & Platinum|website=RIAA}}</ref> It was nominated for the Best Pop Duo/Group Performance award at the 57th Grammy Awards.<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/6363565/grammys-2015-nominations-57th-annual | title=Grammys 2015: And the Nominees Are… | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] }}</ref> == Background == The song is a [[hip hop]] and [[Trap music|trap]] song. It is three minutes and thirty-five seconds long. == Music video == The music video shows Perry and Juicy J in an [[Egypt]]ian setting. Katy Perry is shown as an Egyptian [[queen]]. She appears to zap any man who doesn't please her. She changes costumes many times in the video. On August 24, 2014, the video won Best Female Video at the 2014 [[MTV Video Music Awards]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Katy Perry}} [[Category:2013 songs]] [[Category:Billboard Rhythmic Songs number-one singles]] [[Category:Katy Perry songs]] e0q9xivgh9mcyckxzmrdgcddeco1eas 10368139 10368137 2025-07-02T19:36:34Z 2001:569:BC15:6100:7412:A1EA:F9E0:D569 10368139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox single | name = Dark Horse | type = Single | artist = [[Katy Perry]] featuring [[Juicy J]] | album = [[Prism (album)|''Prism'']] | studio = {{ubl|Playback Recording Studios|([[Santa Barbara, California]])|[[MXM Studios]]| (Stockholm, Sweden)|Luke's in the Boo|([[Malibu, California]])|Secret Garden Studios|([[Montecito, California]])}} | genre = {{hlist|[[Hip hop]]|trap}} | label = [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] | writer = {{hlist|Katy Perry|[[Juicy J|Jordan Houston]]|[[Dr. Luke|Lukasz Gottwald]]|Sarah Theresa Hudson|[[Max Martin]]|Henry Walter}} | producer = {{hlist|Dr. Luke|Max Martin|[[Cirkut]]}} | chronology = [[Katy Perry]] | prev_title = [[Unconditionally]] | prev_year = 2013 | title = Dark Horse | released = December 17, 2013 | length = 3:35 | year = 2013 | next_title = [[Birthday (song)|Birthday]] | next_year = 2014 | misc = {{Extra chronology | artist = [[Juicy J]] | type = single | prev_title = [[Lolly (song)|Lolly]] | prev_year = 2013 | title = Dark Horse | year = 2013 | next_title = [[Shell Shocked (song)|Shell Shocked]] | next_year = 2014 }} }} '''"Dark Horse"''' is a song by American singer [[Katy Perry]] from her fourth studio album, ''[[Prism (album)|Prism]]''. The song features American rapper [[Juicy J]]. "Dark Horse" was originally released as a promotional single from ''Prism''. After its unexpected success, it was released as the album's third single on December 17, 2013. "Dark Horse" became Perry's ninth number-one single in the United States. It was also number one in Canada. The song reached number four in the United Kingdom. On the year-end charts, "Dark Horse" was the second-best performing song of 2014 in the US. It was number 6 in Canada at the end of the year. In the UK, it was number 20 on the end-of-year chart. "Dark Horse" was certified Diamond (10× Platinum) in the United States for sales and streams equal to 10 million copies sold.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/|title=Gold & Platinum|website=RIAA}}</ref> It was nominated for the Best Pop Duo/Group Performance award at the 57th Grammy Awards.<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/6363565/grammys-2015-nominations-57th-annual | title=Grammys 2015: And the Nominees Are… | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] }}</ref> == Background == The song is a [[hip hop]] and [[Trap music|trap]] song. It is three minutes and thirty-five seconds long. == Music video == The music video shows Perry and Juicy J in an [[Egypt]]ian setting. Katy Perry is shown as an Egyptian [[queen]]. She appears to zap any man who doesn't please her. She changes costumes many times in the video. On August 24, 2014, the video won Best Female Video at the 2014 [[MTV Video Music Awards]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Katy Perry}} [[Category:2013 songs]] [[Category:Billboard Rhythmic Songs number-one singles]] [[Category:Katy Perry songs]] iuqutd8iy1vsrumtlqwh5k6gnoaqg4c 10368141 10368139 2025-07-02T19:38:12Z 2001:569:BC15:6100:7412:A1EA:F9E0:D569 /* Music video */ 10368141 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox single | name = Dark Horse | type = Single | artist = [[Katy Perry]] featuring [[Juicy J]] | album = [[Prism (album)|''Prism'']] | studio = {{ubl|Playback Recording Studios|([[Santa Barbara, California]])|[[MXM Studios]]| (Stockholm, Sweden)|Luke's in the Boo|([[Malibu, California]])|Secret Garden Studios|([[Montecito, California]])}} | genre = {{hlist|[[Hip hop]]|trap}} | label = [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] | writer = {{hlist|Katy Perry|[[Juicy J|Jordan Houston]]|[[Dr. Luke|Lukasz Gottwald]]|Sarah Theresa Hudson|[[Max Martin]]|Henry Walter}} | producer = {{hlist|Dr. Luke|Max Martin|[[Cirkut]]}} | chronology = [[Katy Perry]] | prev_title = [[Unconditionally]] | prev_year = 2013 | title = Dark Horse | released = December 17, 2013 | length = 3:35 | year = 2013 | next_title = [[Birthday (song)|Birthday]] | next_year = 2014 | misc = {{Extra chronology | artist = [[Juicy J]] | type = single | prev_title = [[Lolly (song)|Lolly]] | prev_year = 2013 | title = Dark Horse | year = 2013 | next_title = [[Shell Shocked (song)|Shell Shocked]] | next_year = 2014 }} }} '''"Dark Horse"''' is a song by American singer [[Katy Perry]] from her fourth studio album, ''[[Prism (album)|Prism]]''. The song features American rapper [[Juicy J]]. "Dark Horse" was originally released as a promotional single from ''Prism''. After its unexpected success, it was released as the album's third single on December 17, 2013. "Dark Horse" became Perry's ninth number-one single in the United States. It was also number one in Canada. The song reached number four in the United Kingdom. On the year-end charts, "Dark Horse" was the second-best performing song of 2014 in the US. It was number 6 in Canada at the end of the year. In the UK, it was number 20 on the end-of-year chart. "Dark Horse" was certified Diamond (10× Platinum) in the United States for sales and streams equal to 10 million copies sold.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/|title=Gold & Platinum|website=RIAA}}</ref> It was nominated for the Best Pop Duo/Group Performance award at the 57th Grammy Awards.<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/6363565/grammys-2015-nominations-57th-annual | title=Grammys 2015: And the Nominees Are… | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] }}</ref> == Background == The song is a [[hip hop]] and [[Trap music|trap]] song. It is three minutes and thirty-five seconds long. == Music video == The music video shows Perry and Juicy J in an [[Egypt]]ian setting. Katy Perry is shown as an Egyptian [[queen]]. She appears to zap any man who doesn't please her. She changes costumes many times in the video. On August 24, 2014, the video won Best Female Video at the 2014 [[MTV Video Music Awards]]. ==Credits and personnel== Credits adapted from ''Prism'' album liner notes.<ref name="Notes 2">{{cite AV media notes|title=Prism|title-link=Prism (Katy Perry album)|others=[[Katy Perry]]|year=2013|type=liner notes|publisher=[[Capitol Records]]|location=United States}}</ref> *[[Katy Perry]] – lead vocals, backing vocals, songwriter *[[Juicy J]] – featured vocals, backing vocals, songwriter *[[Sarah Hudson (singer)|Sarah Hudson]] – songwriter *[[Dr. Luke]] – producer, songwriter *[[Max Martin]] – producer, songwriter *[[Cirkut (record producer)|Cirkut]] – producer, songwriter ==Formats and track listings== *'''Digital download – Japan version'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/jp/album/dark-horse-feat-tee-single/830272318 |title=iTunes - ミュージック - ケイティ・ペリー「Dark Horse (feat. TEE) - Single」 |date=December 17, 2013 |publisher=iTunes Store |access-date=October 27, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027033542/https://itunes.apple.com/jp/album/dark-horse-feat.-tee-single/id830272318 |archive-date=October 27, 2014 }}</ref> #"Dark Horse" (featuring TEE) – 3:35 *'''CD single''' #"Dark Horse" – 3:35 #"Dark Horse" (Johnson Somerset Remix) – 9:01 ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Katy Perry}} [[Category:2013 songs]] [[Category:Billboard Rhythmic Songs number-one singles]] [[Category:Katy Perry songs]] lnjb6ygmoixr867x4t80aw9rybgn2et 10368144 10368141 2025-07-02T19:39:28Z 2001:569:BC15:6100:7412:A1EA:F9E0:D569 /* References */ 10368144 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox single | name = Dark Horse | type = Single | artist = [[Katy Perry]] featuring [[Juicy J]] | album = [[Prism (album)|''Prism'']] | studio = {{ubl|Playback Recording Studios|([[Santa Barbara, California]])|[[MXM Studios]]| (Stockholm, Sweden)|Luke's in the Boo|([[Malibu, California]])|Secret Garden Studios|([[Montecito, California]])}} | genre = {{hlist|[[Hip hop]]|trap}} | label = [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] | writer = {{hlist|Katy Perry|[[Juicy J|Jordan Houston]]|[[Dr. Luke|Lukasz Gottwald]]|Sarah Theresa Hudson|[[Max Martin]]|Henry Walter}} | producer = {{hlist|Dr. Luke|Max Martin|[[Cirkut]]}} | chronology = [[Katy Perry]] | prev_title = [[Unconditionally]] | prev_year = 2013 | title = Dark Horse | released = December 17, 2013 | length = 3:35 | year = 2013 | next_title = [[Birthday (song)|Birthday]] | next_year = 2014 | misc = {{Extra chronology | artist = [[Juicy J]] | type = single | prev_title = [[Lolly (song)|Lolly]] | prev_year = 2013 | title = Dark Horse | year = 2013 | next_title = [[Shell Shocked (song)|Shell Shocked]] | next_year = 2014 }} }} '''"Dark Horse"''' is a song by American singer [[Katy Perry]] from her fourth studio album, ''[[Prism (album)|Prism]]''. The song features American rapper [[Juicy J]]. "Dark Horse" was originally released as a promotional single from ''Prism''. After its unexpected success, it was released as the album's third single on December 17, 2013. "Dark Horse" became Perry's ninth number-one single in the United States. It was also number one in Canada. The song reached number four in the United Kingdom. On the year-end charts, "Dark Horse" was the second-best performing song of 2014 in the US. It was number 6 in Canada at the end of the year. In the UK, it was number 20 on the end-of-year chart. "Dark Horse" was certified Diamond (10× Platinum) in the United States for sales and streams equal to 10 million copies sold.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/|title=Gold & Platinum|website=RIAA}}</ref> It was nominated for the Best Pop Duo/Group Performance award at the 57th Grammy Awards.<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/6363565/grammys-2015-nominations-57th-annual | title=Grammys 2015: And the Nominees Are… | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] }}</ref> == Background == The song is a [[hip hop]] and [[Trap music|trap]] song. It is three minutes and thirty-five seconds long. == Music video == The music video shows Perry and Juicy J in an [[Egypt]]ian setting. Katy Perry is shown as an Egyptian [[queen]]. She appears to zap any man who doesn't please her. She changes costumes many times in the video. On August 24, 2014, the video won Best Female Video at the 2014 [[MTV Video Music Awards]]. ==Credits and personnel== Credits adapted from ''Prism'' album liner notes.<ref name="Notes 2">{{cite AV media notes|title=Prism|title-link=Prism (Katy Perry album)|others=[[Katy Perry]]|year=2013|type=liner notes|publisher=[[Capitol Records]]|location=United States}}</ref> *[[Katy Perry]] – lead vocals, backing vocals, songwriter *[[Juicy J]] – featured vocals, backing vocals, songwriter *[[Sarah Hudson (singer)|Sarah Hudson]] – songwriter *[[Dr. Luke]] – producer, songwriter *[[Max Martin]] – producer, songwriter *[[Cirkut (record producer)|Cirkut]] – producer, songwriter ==Formats and track listings== *'''Digital download – Japan version'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/jp/album/dark-horse-feat-tee-single/830272318 |title=iTunes - ミュージック - ケイティ・ペリー「Dark Horse (feat. TEE) - Single」 |date=December 17, 2013 |publisher=iTunes Store |access-date=October 27, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027033542/https://itunes.apple.com/jp/album/dark-horse-feat.-tee-single/id830272318 |archive-date=October 27, 2014 }}</ref> #"Dark Horse" (featuring TEE) – 3:35 *'''CD single''' #"Dark Horse" – 3:35 #"Dark Horse" (Johnson Somerset Remix) – 9:01 ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{YouTube|F9S-88WxPdE|"Dark Horse" Audio}} * {{YouTube|0KSOMA3QBU0|"Dark Horse" Music Video}} * [[https://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2019/08/14/katy-perry-dark-horse-copyright-infringement-case Comparison of "Dark Horse" with Flame's "Joyful Noise"]] {{Katy Perry}} [[Category:2013 songs]] [[Category:Billboard Rhythmic Songs number-one singles]] [[Category:Katy Perry songs]] s39lerfqc01tu099oeq915lcyke4kxj 10368145 10368144 2025-07-02T19:39:40Z 2001:569:BC15:6100:7412:A1EA:F9E0:D569 /* Other websites */ 10368145 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox single | name = Dark Horse | type = Single | artist = [[Katy Perry]] featuring [[Juicy J]] | album = [[Prism (album)|''Prism'']] | studio = {{ubl|Playback Recording Studios|([[Santa Barbara, California]])|[[MXM Studios]]| (Stockholm, Sweden)|Luke's in the Boo|([[Malibu, California]])|Secret Garden Studios|([[Montecito, California]])}} | genre = {{hlist|[[Hip hop]]|trap}} | label = [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] | writer = {{hlist|Katy Perry|[[Juicy J|Jordan Houston]]|[[Dr. Luke|Lukasz Gottwald]]|Sarah Theresa Hudson|[[Max Martin]]|Henry Walter}} | producer = {{hlist|Dr. Luke|Max Martin|[[Cirkut]]}} | chronology = [[Katy Perry]] | prev_title = [[Unconditionally]] | prev_year = 2013 | title = Dark Horse | released = December 17, 2013 | length = 3:35 | year = 2013 | next_title = [[Birthday (song)|Birthday]] | next_year = 2014 | misc = {{Extra chronology | artist = [[Juicy J]] | type = single | prev_title = [[Lolly (song)|Lolly]] | prev_year = 2013 | title = Dark Horse | year = 2013 | next_title = [[Shell Shocked (song)|Shell Shocked]] | next_year = 2014 }} }} '''"Dark Horse"''' is a song by American singer [[Katy Perry]] from her fourth studio album, ''[[Prism (album)|Prism]]''. The song features American rapper [[Juicy J]]. "Dark Horse" was originally released as a promotional single from ''Prism''. After its unexpected success, it was released as the album's third single on December 17, 2013. "Dark Horse" became Perry's ninth number-one single in the United States. It was also number one in Canada. The song reached number four in the United Kingdom. On the year-end charts, "Dark Horse" was the second-best performing song of 2014 in the US. It was number 6 in Canada at the end of the year. In the UK, it was number 20 on the end-of-year chart. "Dark Horse" was certified Diamond (10× Platinum) in the United States for sales and streams equal to 10 million copies sold.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/|title=Gold & Platinum|website=RIAA}}</ref> It was nominated for the Best Pop Duo/Group Performance award at the 57th Grammy Awards.<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/6363565/grammys-2015-nominations-57th-annual | title=Grammys 2015: And the Nominees Are… | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] }}</ref> == Background == The song is a [[hip hop]] and [[Trap music|trap]] song. It is three minutes and thirty-five seconds long. == Music video == The music video shows Perry and Juicy J in an [[Egypt]]ian setting. Katy Perry is shown as an Egyptian [[queen]]. She appears to zap any man who doesn't please her. She changes costumes many times in the video. On August 24, 2014, the video won Best Female Video at the 2014 [[MTV Video Music Awards]]. ==Credits and personnel== Credits adapted from ''Prism'' album liner notes.<ref name="Notes 2">{{cite AV media notes|title=Prism|title-link=Prism (Katy Perry album)|others=[[Katy Perry]]|year=2013|type=liner notes|publisher=[[Capitol Records]]|location=United States}}</ref> *[[Katy Perry]] – lead vocals, backing vocals, songwriter *[[Juicy J]] – featured vocals, backing vocals, songwriter *[[Sarah Hudson (singer)|Sarah Hudson]] – songwriter *[[Dr. Luke]] – producer, songwriter *[[Max Martin]] – producer, songwriter *[[Cirkut (record producer)|Cirkut]] – producer, songwriter ==Formats and track listings== *'''Digital download – Japan version'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/jp/album/dark-horse-feat-tee-single/830272318 |title=iTunes - ミュージック - ケイティ・ペリー「Dark Horse (feat. TEE) - Single」 |date=December 17, 2013 |publisher=iTunes Store |access-date=October 27, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027033542/https://itunes.apple.com/jp/album/dark-horse-feat.-tee-single/id830272318 |archive-date=October 27, 2014 }}</ref> #"Dark Horse" (featuring TEE) – 3:35 *'''CD single''' #"Dark Horse" – 3:35 #"Dark Horse" (Johnson Somerset Remix) – 9:01 ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{YouTube|F9S-88WxPdE|"Dark Horse" Audio}} * {{YouTube|0KSOMA3QBU0|"Dark Horse" Music Video}} * [https://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2019/08/14/katy-perry-dark-horse-copyright-infringement-case Comparison of "Dark Horse" with Flame's "Joyful Noise"] {{Katy Perry}} [[Category:2013 songs]] [[Category:Billboard Rhythmic Songs number-one singles]] [[Category:Katy Perry songs]] 243qe2wobodeesvwuhtxg7pdljhsqhg 0 458257 10368125 10319252 2025-07-02T19:24:43Z 2001:569:BC15:6100:7412:A1EA:F9E0:D569 10368125 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Single infobox | name = Unconditionally | released = October 18, 2013 | artist = [[Katy Perry]] | album = [[Prism (album)|Prism]] | type = Single | length = 3:49 | genre = [[Pop music|Power pop]], [[pop rock]] | label = [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] | writer = Katy Perry, [[Max Martin]], [[Dr. Luke|Lukasz Gottwald]], Henry Walter | producer = Max Martin, Dr. Luke, Cirkut | prev_title = [[Roar (song)|Roar]] | prev_year = 2013 | next_title = [[Dark Horse (song)|Dark Horse]] | next_year = 2013 }} '''"Unconditionally"''' is a song by [[Americans|American]] [[Pop music|pop]] [[singer-songwriter]] [[Katy Perry]]. It was the second single from her fourth studio album, [[Prism (album)|''Prism'']], and it appears as the fifth track from that album. The song is a [[pop rock]] and [[Pop music|power pop]] song. It is about a woman not wanting anything more from her lover than he already gives. She will love him no matter what. == Music video == It begins with Perry, sitting on the ground while mouthing the lyrics of the song and staring at the viewer. As she finishes the first verse, the camera shifts to a ballroom, in which elegantly-dressed dancers start to dance. The song's chorus kicks in, and Perry is now found in the ballroom, in the middle of all the dancers. As the second verse begins, she has an [[owl]] on her arm, which she lets go and flies. The bird represents "something strong, free [and] powerful", according to Bonacorso, who added: "She lets it go into the world[,] and that literally [means] letting this force within her go wild. That's an important part of love[,] is that you have to let it go." The video also shows Perry, with a golden dress and cross-shaped earrings, with flames on her body. By the second repetition of the chorus, a bed gets lit on fire, which the director included to refer to love that "can burn you like an inferno". As the song reaches its climax, Perry gets hit by a car, with tiny broken debris from it shattering behind her, while she remains stationary and unharmed. This scene symbolizes the experience of true love, that changes "your world" and "hits you out of the blue". This scene cuts back to the ballroom, where Perry is surrounded by a similar explosion of "colorful" flowers, which is used to contrast the more violent nature of falling in love and the softer part of it, the "joyful and wonderful" feelings. ==Credits and personnel== *Vocals: [[Katy Perry]] *Songwriting: Katy Perry, Lukasz Gottwald, Max Martin, Henry Walter *Production: Dr. Luke, Max Martin, Cirkut Credits adapted from ''Prism'' album liner notes.<ref name="Notes">{{cite AV media notes |title=Prism |title-link=Prism (Katy Perry album) |others=Katy Perry |year=2013 |type=liner notes |publisher=[[Capitol Records]] |location=United States}}</ref> ==Track listing== *'''CD'''<ref name="GermanyUnconditionally">{{cite web|title=Unconditionally (2-Track)|url=https://www.amazon.de/Unconditionally-2-Track-Perry-Katy/dp/B00GBJVJ86/ref=sr_1_2?s=music&ie=UTF8&qid=1383256976&sr=1-2|publisher=Amazon.de|access-date=November 1, 2013}}</ref> #"Unconditionally" – 3:48 #"Unconditionally" (instrumental) – 3:48 ==References== {{reflist}} {{Katy Perry}} == Other websites == * {{Youtube|XjwZAa2EjKA|Music video}} * {{YouTube|hHimjVYsd6I|Lyric video}} [[Category:2013 songs]] [[Category:Katy Perry songs]] 1xs9di3ymvlf328hyzyyby0igokxfzn 10368127 10368125 2025-07-02T19:26:26Z 2001:569:BC15:6100:7412:A1EA:F9E0:D569 infobox 10368127 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Single infobox | name = Unconditionally | released = October 18, 2013 | artist = [[Katy Perry]] | album = [[Prism (album)|Prism]] | type = Single | length = 3:49 | studio = *Luke's in the Boo ([[Malibu, California]]) *[[Conway Recording Studios|Conway]] ([[Hollywood, California]]) *[[MXM Studios]] ([[Stockholm, Sweden]]) *Secret Garden Studios ([[Montecito, California]]) | genre = [[Pop music|Power pop]], [[pop rock]] | label = [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] | writer = Katy Perry, [[Max Martin]], [[Dr. Luke|Lukasz Gottwald]], Henry Walter | producer = Max Martin, Dr. Luke, Cirkut | prev_title = [[Roar (song)|Roar]] | prev_year = 2013 | next_title = [[Dark Horse (song)|Dark Horse]] | next_year = 2013 }} '''"Unconditionally"''' is a song by [[Americans|American]] [[Pop music|pop]] [[singer-songwriter]] [[Katy Perry]]. It was the second single from her fourth studio album, [[Prism (album)|''Prism'']], and it appears as the fifth track from that album. The song is a [[pop rock]] and [[Pop music|power pop]] song. It is about a woman not wanting anything more from her lover than he already gives. She will love him no matter what. == Music video == It begins with Perry, sitting on the ground while mouthing the lyrics of the song and staring at the viewer. As she finishes the first verse, the camera shifts to a ballroom, in which elegantly-dressed dancers start to dance. The song's chorus kicks in, and Perry is now found in the ballroom, in the middle of all the dancers. As the second verse begins, she has an [[owl]] on her arm, which she lets go and flies. The bird represents "something strong, free [and] powerful", according to Bonacorso, who added: "She lets it go into the world[,] and that literally [means] letting this force within her go wild. That's an important part of love[,] is that you have to let it go." The video also shows Perry, with a golden dress and cross-shaped earrings, with flames on her body. By the second repetition of the chorus, a bed gets lit on fire, which the director included to refer to love that "can burn you like an inferno". As the song reaches its climax, Perry gets hit by a car, with tiny broken debris from it shattering behind her, while she remains stationary and unharmed. This scene symbolizes the experience of true love, that changes "your world" and "hits you out of the blue". This scene cuts back to the ballroom, where Perry is surrounded by a similar explosion of "colorful" flowers, which is used to contrast the more violent nature of falling in love and the softer part of it, the "joyful and wonderful" feelings. ==Credits and personnel== *Vocals: [[Katy Perry]] *Songwriting: Katy Perry, Lukasz Gottwald, Max Martin, Henry Walter *Production: Dr. Luke, Max Martin, Cirkut Credits adapted from ''Prism'' album liner notes.<ref name="Notes">{{cite AV media notes |title=Prism |title-link=Prism (Katy Perry album) |others=Katy Perry |year=2013 |type=liner notes |publisher=[[Capitol Records]] |location=United States}}</ref> ==Track listing== *'''CD'''<ref name="GermanyUnconditionally">{{cite web|title=Unconditionally (2-Track)|url=https://www.amazon.de/Unconditionally-2-Track-Perry-Katy/dp/B00GBJVJ86/ref=sr_1_2?s=music&ie=UTF8&qid=1383256976&sr=1-2|publisher=Amazon.de|access-date=November 1, 2013}}</ref> #"Unconditionally" – 3:48 #"Unconditionally" (instrumental) – 3:48 ==References== {{reflist}} {{Katy Perry}} == Other websites == * {{Youtube|XjwZAa2EjKA|Music video}} * {{YouTube|hHimjVYsd6I|Lyric video}} [[Category:2013 songs]] [[Category:Katy Perry songs]] 12q2yq0c7gdgv7j10wu7srq3sek6iaq 10368228 10368127 2025-07-02T20:35:17Z LatestClash 1610566 /* References */ 10368228 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Single infobox | name = Unconditionally | released = October 18, 2013 | artist = [[Katy Perry]] | album = [[Prism (album)|Prism]] | type = Single | length = 3:49 | studio = *Luke's in the Boo ([[Malibu, California]]) *[[Conway Recording Studios|Conway]] ([[Hollywood, California]]) *[[MXM Studios]] ([[Stockholm, Sweden]]) *Secret Garden Studios ([[Montecito, California]]) | genre = [[Pop music|Power pop]], [[pop rock]] | label = [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] | writer = Katy Perry, [[Max Martin]], [[Dr. Luke|Lukasz Gottwald]], Henry Walter | producer = Max Martin, Dr. Luke, Cirkut | prev_title = [[Roar (song)|Roar]] | prev_year = 2013 | next_title = [[Dark Horse (song)|Dark Horse]] | next_year = 2013 }} '''"Unconditionally"''' is a song by [[Americans|American]] [[Pop music|pop]] [[singer-songwriter]] [[Katy Perry]]. It was the second single from her fourth studio album, [[Prism (album)|''Prism'']], and it appears as the fifth track from that album. The song is a [[pop rock]] and [[Pop music|power pop]] song. It is about a woman not wanting anything more from her lover than he already gives. She will love him no matter what. == Music video == It begins with Perry, sitting on the ground while mouthing the lyrics of the song and staring at the viewer. As she finishes the first verse, the camera shifts to a ballroom, in which elegantly-dressed dancers start to dance. The song's chorus kicks in, and Perry is now found in the ballroom, in the middle of all the dancers. As the second verse begins, she has an [[owl]] on her arm, which she lets go and flies. The bird represents "something strong, free [and] powerful", according to Bonacorso, who added: "She lets it go into the world[,] and that literally [means] letting this force within her go wild. That's an important part of love[,] is that you have to let it go." The video also shows Perry, with a golden dress and cross-shaped earrings, with flames on her body. By the second repetition of the chorus, a bed gets lit on fire, which the director included to refer to love that "can burn you like an inferno". As the song reaches its climax, Perry gets hit by a car, with tiny broken debris from it shattering behind her, while she remains stationary and unharmed. This scene symbolizes the experience of true love, that changes "your world" and "hits you out of the blue". This scene cuts back to the ballroom, where Perry is surrounded by a similar explosion of "colorful" flowers, which is used to contrast the more violent nature of falling in love and the softer part of it, the "joyful and wonderful" feelings. ==Credits and personnel== *Vocals: [[Katy Perry]] *Songwriting: Katy Perry, Lukasz Gottwald, Max Martin, Henry Walter *Production: Dr. Luke, Max Martin, Cirkut Credits adapted from ''Prism'' album liner notes.<ref name="Notes">{{cite AV media notes |title=Prism |title-link=Prism (Katy Perry album) |others=Katy Perry |year=2013 |type=liner notes |publisher=[[Capitol Records]] |location=United States}}</ref> ==Track listing== *'''CD'''<ref name="GermanyUnconditionally">{{cite web|title=Unconditionally (2-Track)|url=https://www.amazon.de/Unconditionally-2-Track-Perry-Katy/dp/B00GBJVJ86/ref=sr_1_2?s=music&ie=UTF8&qid=1383256976&sr=1-2|publisher=Amazon.de|access-date=November 1, 2013}}</ref> #"Unconditionally" – 3:48 #"Unconditionally" (instrumental) – 3:48 ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == * {{Youtube|XjwZAa2EjKA|Music video}} * {{YouTube|hHimjVYsd6I|Lyric video}} [[Category:2013 songs]] [[Category:Katy Perry songs]] 530a6j43bdtiz0uwedoo1g4x3l8l9bc 10368230 10368228 2025-07-02T20:35:48Z LatestClash 1610566 /* Other websites */ 10368230 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Single infobox | name = Unconditionally | released = October 18, 2013 | artist = [[Katy Perry]] | album = [[Prism (album)|Prism]] | type = Single | length = 3:49 | studio = *Luke's in the Boo ([[Malibu, California]]) *[[Conway Recording Studios|Conway]] ([[Hollywood, California]]) *[[MXM Studios]] ([[Stockholm, Sweden]]) *Secret Garden Studios ([[Montecito, California]]) | genre = [[Pop music|Power pop]], [[pop rock]] | label = [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] | writer = Katy Perry, [[Max Martin]], [[Dr. Luke|Lukasz Gottwald]], Henry Walter | producer = Max Martin, Dr. Luke, Cirkut | prev_title = [[Roar (song)|Roar]] | prev_year = 2013 | next_title = [[Dark Horse (song)|Dark Horse]] | next_year = 2013 }} '''"Unconditionally"''' is a song by [[Americans|American]] [[Pop music|pop]] [[singer-songwriter]] [[Katy Perry]]. It was the second single from her fourth studio album, [[Prism (album)|''Prism'']], and it appears as the fifth track from that album. The song is a [[pop rock]] and [[Pop music|power pop]] song. It is about a woman not wanting anything more from her lover than he already gives. She will love him no matter what. == Music video == It begins with Perry, sitting on the ground while mouthing the lyrics of the song and staring at the viewer. As she finishes the first verse, the camera shifts to a ballroom, in which elegantly-dressed dancers start to dance. The song's chorus kicks in, and Perry is now found in the ballroom, in the middle of all the dancers. As the second verse begins, she has an [[owl]] on her arm, which she lets go and flies. The bird represents "something strong, free [and] powerful", according to Bonacorso, who added: "She lets it go into the world[,] and that literally [means] letting this force within her go wild. That's an important part of love[,] is that you have to let it go." The video also shows Perry, with a golden dress and cross-shaped earrings, with flames on her body. By the second repetition of the chorus, a bed gets lit on fire, which the director included to refer to love that "can burn you like an inferno". As the song reaches its climax, Perry gets hit by a car, with tiny broken debris from it shattering behind her, while she remains stationary and unharmed. This scene symbolizes the experience of true love, that changes "your world" and "hits you out of the blue". This scene cuts back to the ballroom, where Perry is surrounded by a similar explosion of "colorful" flowers, which is used to contrast the more violent nature of falling in love and the softer part of it, the "joyful and wonderful" feelings. ==Credits and personnel== *Vocals: [[Katy Perry]] *Songwriting: Katy Perry, Lukasz Gottwald, Max Martin, Henry Walter *Production: Dr. Luke, Max Martin, Cirkut Credits adapted from ''Prism'' album liner notes.<ref name="Notes">{{cite AV media notes |title=Prism |title-link=Prism (Katy Perry album) |others=Katy Perry |year=2013 |type=liner notes |publisher=[[Capitol Records]] |location=United States}}</ref> ==Track listing== *'''CD'''<ref name="GermanyUnconditionally">{{cite web|title=Unconditionally (2-Track)|url=https://www.amazon.de/Unconditionally-2-Track-Perry-Katy/dp/B00GBJVJ86/ref=sr_1_2?s=music&ie=UTF8&qid=1383256976&sr=1-2|publisher=Amazon.de|access-date=November 1, 2013}}</ref> #"Unconditionally" – 3:48 #"Unconditionally" (instrumental) – 3:48 ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == * {{Youtube|XjwZAa2EjKA|Music video}} * {{YouTube|hHimjVYsd6I|Lyric video}} {{Katy Perry}} [[Category:2013 songs]] [[Category:Katy Perry songs]] ikj4vgr84hpfwg2c6swtr1ucvw3j3wa 0 461431 10368507 10362632 2025-07-02T23:47:13Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* References */ US-EN 10368507 wikitext text/x-wiki {{update|date=October 2017}} {{Infobox television | image = Rick and Morty.svg | caption = | genre = [[Adult]] [[animation]]<br/>[[Animated sitcom]]<br/>[[Science fiction]]<br />[[Black comedy]]<br/>[[Adventure]]<br/>[[Surrealism|Surreal]] [[humour]] | creator = [[Justin Roiland]]<br />[[Dan Harmon]] | developer = | director = Pete Michels {{small|(supervising)}}<br>Jeff Myers<br>Bryan Newton<br>John Rice<br>Justin Roiland<br>Stephen Sandoval | voices = [[Chris Parnell]]<br />[[Spencer Grammer]]<br />[[Sarah Chalke]] | composer = Ryan Elder | country = United States | num_seasons = 8 | num_episodes = 77 | list_episodes = List of Rick and Morty episodes | executive_producer = Dan Harmon<br>Justin Roiland<br>James A. Fino<br />Joe Russo II | producer = J. Michael Mendel<br />Kenny Micka (pilot) | runtime = 22 minutes | company = Justin Roiland's Solo Vanity Card Productions<br />Harmonious Claptrap<br />Starburns Industries<br />[[Williams Street]] | network = [[Adult Swim]]<br />[[HBO Max]] {{small|(2020-present)}} | first_aired = {{start date|2013|12|02}} | last_aired = present | related = }} '''''Rick and Morty''''' is an [[United States|American]] [[animated]] [[television series]] created by [[Justin Roiland]] and [[Dan Harmon]]. It premiered on December 2, 2013 on [[Cartoon Network]]'s late-night programming block, [[Adult Swim]]. Roiland voices the both main characters: Rick, a sort of abusive, and alcoholic, father, grandfather, and scientist, and Morty, Rick's grandson. The series was announced during Adult Swim's 2012 Upfront presentation, and was picked up for 10 half-hour episodes; an additional episode was added mid-season for a total of eleven episodes. In January 2014, the series was renewed for a second season to air late 2014 or early 2015.<ref name="Metacritic staff 2013-11-22">{{cite web | url=http://www.metacritic.com/tv/rick-morty | title='Rick and Morty' Reviews | publisher=CBS Interactive | work=Metacritic | date=2013-11-22 | accessdate=2013-12-26 | author=Metacritic staff}}</ref> In August 2015, Adult Swim renewed the series for a third season, containing 10 episodes, airing unannounced on April 1, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.denofgeek.com/us/tv/rick-and-morty/248392/rick-and-morty-season-3-episode-10-trailer-and-episode-guide|title=Rick and Morty Season 3: Everything We Know|publisher=|accessdate=20 October 2017|archive-date=15 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015165733/http://www.denofgeek.com/us/tv/rick-and-morty/248392/rick-and-morty-season-3-episode-10-trailer-and-episode-guide|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was renewed again when Adult Swim announced in May 2018 the release of that of the fourth season of the animated series Rick and Morty. As of December 17, 2023, 71 episodes of Rick and Morty have aired, concluding the seventh season. The eighth season is slated to be released on May 25, 2025. ==References== {{reflist}} {{tv-stub}} [[Category:2013 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2010s American sitcoms]] [[Category:2010s science fiction television series]] [[Category:Adult Swim]] [[Category:2010s American animated television series]] [[Category:American science fiction television series]] [[Category:Comedy science fiction]] [[Category:Television series about dysfunctional families]] [[Category:Washington (state)]] [[Category:Works about alcoholism]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:Adult animated television series]] ru42rttc2up5n8peabc9ncche15zdrn 0 461961 10368561 9589154 2025-07-03T00:20:29Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ US-EN 10368561 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=January 2020}} {{Infobox television | image = | image_alt = | caption = | genre = [[Action fiction|Action]]<br />[[Adventure fiction|Adventure]]<br />[[Superhero fiction|Superhero]]<br />[[Comedy]] <small>(seasons 1–7)</small><br /> [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]] <small>(seasons 8–10)</small> | creator = | based_on = {{based on|[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]||[[Kevin Eastman]]|[[Peter Laird]]}} | developer = [[David Wise (writer)|David Wise]]<br />Patti Howeth | writer = | director = Yoshikatsu Kasai <small>(season 1)</small><br />[[Fred Wolf (animator)|Fred Wolf]] <small>(seasons 2–7)</small><br />Tony Love <small>(seasons 8–10)</small> | creative_director = | presenter = | voices = [[Cam Clarke]]<br />[[Barry Gordon]]<br />[[Rob Paulsen]]<br />[[Townsend Coleman]]<br />[[Peter Renaday]]<br />[[Renae Jacobs]]<br />[[James Avery (actor)|James Avery]]<br />[[Pat Fraley]]<br />[[Jennifer Darling]]<br />[[Tony Jay]] | narrated = | theme_music_composer = [[Chuck Lorre]]<br />[[Dennis C. Brown]] | opentheme = | endtheme = | composer = | country = [[United States]] | num_seasons = 10 | num_episodes = 193 | list_episodes = List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1987 TV series) episodes | executive_producer = Mark Freedman | producer = [[Rudy Zamora]] <small>(season 1)</small><br />Walt Kubiak<br />[[Andy Luckey]] <small>(seasons 2–7)</small><br />[[Fred Wolf (animator)|Fred Wolf]]<br />[[Kara Vallow]] <small>(seasons 8–10)</small> | editor = | cinematography = | camera = | runtime = 22 minutes | company = [[Fred Wolf Films|Murakami-Wolf-Swenson]]<ref name="Solomon">{{Cite news|title= 'Ninja Turtles' Crawls Out, Lands on Back|work= Los Angeles Times|date=December 28, 1987|url= http://articles.latimes.com/1987-12-28/entertainment/ca-21302_1_mutant-ninja-turtles|accessdate=October 6, 2017| first=Charles | last=Solomon|df=mdy-all}}</ref><br /><small>(1987–1991)</small><br />(seasons 1–5)<br />IDDH<br />[[Fred Wolf Films]]<br />(1992–1996)<br />(seasons 6–10)<br />[[Mirage Studios]]<br />Surge Licensing<br /> [[Toei Animation]] (1987–1989)<br /> (seasons 1–3) | network = [[Broadcast syndication|Syndication]] (1987–1990)<br />[[CBS]] (1990–1996)<ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite news|title= THE MEDIA BUSINESS; Ninja Turtles Save the Day For CBS Children's Lineup|work= The New York Times|date=November 26, 1990|url= https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/26/business/the-media-business-ninja-turtles-save-the-day-for-cbs-children-s-lineup.html|accessdate=October 6, 2017 | first=Bill | last=Carter|df=mdy-all}}</ref> | first_aired = {{start date|1987|12|28}} | last_aired = {{end date|1996|11|02}} }} '''''Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles''''' (earlier known as '''''Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles''''' in some European countries because of controversy at the time<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/teenage-mutant-ninja-turtles-beat-down-guardians-galaxy-top-cinema-charts-1460573|accessdate=September 6, 2014|title=Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Beat Down Guardians of the Galaxy to Top Cinema Charts|work=[[International Business Times]]}}</ref>) is an [[United States|American]] [[Cartoon series|animated]] [[television series]] that was made by [[Fred Wolf Films|Murakami-Wolf-Swenson]] and French company IDDH. The show ran from December 14, 1987 to November 2, 1996 when it aired its final episode. The [[Television pilot|pilot]] for the show was shown during the week of December 14, 1987 and was in syndication as a five-part miniseries. The show featured the [[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]] and they were created in the comic book form by [[Kevin Eastman]] and [[Peter Laird]]. The show was able to help launch the characters into more mainstream popularity and it became one of the most popular animated series in television history. Due to its popularity, there were [[breakfast cereal]], [[Stuffed toy|plush toys]], and all kinds of different products that featured the characters appeared on the market during the late 1980s and early 1990s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,318331,00.html|accessdate=September 6, 2014|title=Shell Schlocked|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|archive-date=June 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630190958/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,318331,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The show was named as the 55th best show in the Top 100 Best Animated TV Shows by [[IGN]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ca.ign.com/top/animated-tv-series/55.html|accessdate=September 6, 2014|title=55. Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1987)|publisher=[[IGN]]}}</ref> At the time, the show was criticized for its violent content and commercialism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1990-08-27/news/vw-116_1_teenage-mutant-ninja-turtles/2|accessdate=September 6, 2014|title=Turtle Trouble : Children: Some parents believe Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles encourage aggression. Others say the Turtles are just harmless fun.|work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/08/16/movies/ninja-influence-on-australian-youth.html?src=pm|accessdate=September 6, 2014|title=Ninja Influence on Australian Youth|work=The New York Times}}</ref> ==Cast== * [[Cam Clarke]] as [[Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)|Leonardo]] * [[Barry Gordon]] as [[Donatello (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)|Donatello]] * [[Rob Paulsen]] as [[Raphael (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)|Raphael]] * [[Townsend Coleman]] as [[Michelangelo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)|Michelangelo]] * [[Peter Renaday]] as [[Splinter (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)|Splinter]] * [[Renae Jacobs]] as [[April O'Neil]] and [[Karai]] * [[James Avery]] as [[Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)|Shredder]] * [[Pat Fraley]] as [[Krang]] and [[Casey Jones]] * [[Jennifer Darling]] as [[Irma Langenstein]] * [[Tony Jay]] as [[Lord Dregg|Dregg]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Wikiquote|Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1987 TV series)}} *[http://www.ninjaturtles.com/cartoon/synopses.htm Official website] *{{tv.com|1987}} *{{imdb title|0131613}} {{tv-stub}} [[Category:1987 American television series debuts]] [[Category:1996 American television series endings]] [[Category:1980s American animated television series]] [[Category:Action television series]] [[Category:1990s American animated television series]] [[Category:CBS network shows]] [[Category:First run syndicated television programs]] [[Category:Television series set in New York City]] [[Category:Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] gq5ccqx6skbwmphpuples3brek0wv7i 0 470137 10367677 10366932 2025-07-02T13:26:55Z 180.191.102.72 10367677 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:NGC7293_(2004).jpg|thumb|[[Hubble Space Telescope|Hubble]] image]]The '''Helix Nebula''' is a [[planetary nebula]] in the [[constellation]] of [[Aquarius]]. in the [[New General Catalogue]] of 1888 it is number 7293. It is about 700 [[light-year]]s away from [[Earth]]. It is also known as the '''Eye of God'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Urban Legends Reference Pages|url=http://www.snopes.com/photos/space/eyeofgod.asp|access-date=5 February 2004|website=Eye of God}}</ref> and '''Eye of Sauron'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=THE EYE OF SAURON (AKA NGC7293)|url=http://www.skyandtelescope.com/online-gallery/the-eye-of-sauron-aka-ngc7293/}}</ref> in [[Popular culture|pop culture]] because it looks like an [[eye]]. == Central star == One study says that the [[white dwarf]] within the Helix Nebula destroyed a Jupiter-sized [[planet]], creating a strange X-ray signal.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Todd|first=Iain|date=6 March 2025|title=The Eye of God Nebula may have torn apart a Jupiter-like planet, creating a strange X-ray signal from within|url=https://www.skyatnightmagazine.com/news/helix-nebula-white-dwarf-destroyed-planet|website=BBC Sky at Night Magazine}}</ref> Another study from 2025 found from X-ray observation that the central star may be accreting the remains of that [[planet]]. This would be closer than the planet found via optical variability.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Accretion onto WD 2226$-$210, the central star of the Helix Nebula|url=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/536/3/2477/7922854?login=false|website=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}}</ref> == Related pages == * [[NGC 6543|Cat's Eye Nebula]] == References == [[Category:Nebulae]] <references /> == Other websites == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YLdnATv1eZM Sonification of the Helix Nebula] on YouTube {{Science-stub}} [[Category:Aquarius (constellation)]] mnrhp61ba9xcnsj0cp66g1k2sqa9fdh 0 472362 10368556 10150056 2025-07-03T00:18:00Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 Typo: duplication 10368556 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Wrestling event |name = Night of Champions (2012) |image = |caption = |tagline = |theme = "Champions" by [[Kevin Rudolf]] (feat. [[Fred Durst]], [[Birdman (rapper)|Birdman]] and [[Lil Wayne]])<br>"Big Epic Night" by [[Jim Johnston (composer)|Jim Johnston]] |promotion = [[WWE]] |sponsor = [[Dredd]] |date = September 16, 2012 |venue = [[TD Garden]] |city = [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]] |lastevent = [[SummerSlam (2012)]] |nextevent = [[Hell in a Cell (2012)]] |event = [[WWE Night of Champions]] |lastevent2 = [[Night of Champions (2011)]] |nextevent2 = [[Night of Champions (2013)]] |future = }} '''Night of Champions''' was a [[professional wrestling]] [[pay-per-view]] (PPV) [[List of WWE pay-per-view events|show]] made by [[WWE]]. It took place on September 16, 2012 at [[TD Garden]] in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]]. It was the fifth [[WWE Night of Champions|Night of Champions]] event held by WWE. The main event was a match between [[WWE Championship|WWE Champion]] [[CM Punk]] and [[John Cena]]. The end of match saw Cena place Punk on the top rope and hit a bridging [[Suplex|German suplex]] for the pin. The referee declared that both men had their shoulders on the mat for three seconds and ended the match in a draw. ==Results== {{Pro Wrestling results table |times = <ref name=times>{{cite web |url= http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/wweppvs/article_65243.shtml |title= CALDWELL'S WWE NIGHT OF CHAMPIONS PPV REPORT 9/16: Complete 'virtual time' coverage of live PPV - Punk vs. Cena, six title matches |first= James|last= Caldwell|work=pwtorch.com |date= 2012-09-16|accessdate=26 November 2015}}</ref> |pre1 = yes |match1 = [[Zack Ryder]] won by last eliminating [[Tensai]]<ref group=Note>Order of elimination: [[Heath Slater]], [[Michael McGillicutty]], [[Ted DiBiase Jr.|Ted DiBiase]], [[Primo Colón|Primo]], [[Jinder Mahal]], [[Epico]], [[Justin Gabriel]], [[Tyson Kidd]], [[Brodus Clay]], [[JTG]], [[Drew McIntyre]], [[Santino Marella]], [[Titus O'Neil]], [[Darren Young]], and [[Tensai]].</ref> |stip1 = 16-man [[Battle royal (professional wrestling)|battle royal]] to determine the #1 contender to the [[WWE United States Championship]]<ref name="PSBR">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/nightofchampions/2012/pre-show-battle-royal-26050963|title=Zack Ryder won a Pre-Show Battle Royal to become No. 1 Contender for the United States Championship|publisher=[[WWE]]|accessdate=2012-09-16}}</ref> |time1 = 05:43 |match2 = [[The Miz]] (c) defeated [[Cody Rhodes]], [[Rey Mysterio]] and [[Místico|Sin Cara]] |stip2 = [[Fatal four-way match]] for the [[WWE Intercontinental Championship]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/nightofchampions/2012/the-miz-cody-rhodes-rey-mysterio-sin-cara-26051231|title=Intercontinental Champion The Miz def. Rey Mysterio, Sin Cara & Cody Rhodes|publisher=[[WWE]]|accessdate=2012-09-16}}</ref> |time2 = 12:05 |match3 = [[Daniel Bryan]] and [[Kane (wrestler)|Kane]] defeated [[Kofi Kingston]] and [[R-Truth]] (c) |stip3 = [[Tag team match]] for the [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|WWE Tag Team Championship]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/nightofchampions/2012/truth-kingston-kane-bryan-26050928|title=Kane & Daniel Bryan def. WWE Tag Team Champions R-Truth & Kofi Kingston|publisher=[[WWE]]|accessdate=2012-09-16}}</ref> |time3 = 08:30 |match4 = [[Antonio Cesaro]] (c) (with [[Aksana (wrestler)|Aksana]]) defeated [[Zack Ryder]] |stip4 = [[Singles match (professional wrestling)|Singles match]] for the [[WWE United States Championship]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/nightofchampions/2012/antonio-cesaro-zack-ryder-26052335|title=United States Champion Antonio Cesaro def. Zack Ryder|publisher=[[WWE]]|accessdate=2012-09-16}}</ref> |time4 = 06:40 |match5 = [[Randy Orton]] defeated [[Dolph Ziggler]] (with [[Vickie Guerrero]]) |stip5 = [[Singles match (professional wrestling)|Singles match]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/nightofchampions/2012/randy-orton-dolph-ziggler-26050507|title=Randy Orton def. Dolph Ziggler|publisher=[[WWE]]|accessdate=2012-09-16}}</ref> |time5 = 18:24 |match6 = [[Eve Torres]] defeated [[Layla El|Layla]] (c) |stip6 = [[Singles match (professional wrestling)|Singles match]] for the [[WWE Divas Championship]] |time6 = 07:05 |match7 = [[Sheamus]] (c) defeated [[Alberto Del Rio]] (with [[David Otunga]] and [[Ricardo Rodriguez (wrestler)|Ricardo Rodriguez]]) |stip7 = [[Singles match (professional wrestling)|Singles match]] for the [[World Heavyweight Championship (WWE)|World Heavyweight Championship]] |time7 = 14:25 |match8 = [[CM Punk]] (c) (with [[Paul Heyman]]) vs. [[John Cena]] ended in a draw |stip8 = [[Singles match (professional wrestling)|Singles match]] for the [[WWE Championship]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/nightofchampions/2012/john-cena-cm-punk-26048109|title=John Cena def. WWE Champion CM Punk|publisher=[[WWE]]|accessdate=2012-09-16}}</ref> |time8 = 26:55 }} {{reflist|group=Note}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *[http://www.wwe.com/shows/nightofchampions/2012 Official Night of Champions 2012 website] {{WWEPPV|Night of Champions}} [[Category:2012 in professional wrestling]] [[Category:Sports in Boston]] [[Category:WWE Night of Champions]] [[Category:2012 in the United States]] [[Category:2010s in Boston]] [[Category:September 2012 events]] mjrb94qkqj34qdhjenroxhwr1wykkvx 0 505461 10368521 10331555 2025-07-02T23:59:26Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ CA-EN 10368521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = The-Next-Step-logo.png | caption = | genre = [[Teen drama and dance]] | creator = Frank Van Keeken | location = '''Production studio:'''<br />Filmport Presentation Centre, [[Toronto]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b09jl8q3|title=Filming Location}}</ref><br /><br />'''Exterior and street shots:'''<br />[[Colborne Street, Toronto|Colborne Street]]<br />[[Dundas Street]]<br />[[Front Street (Toronto)|Front Street]]<br />[[Jarvis Street]]<br />[[University Avenue (Toronto)|University Avenue]]<br />[[Yonge Street]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episodes/b05qvqn5/the-next-step|title=Exterior and street locations}}</ref> | starring = [[List of The Next Step characters|Current and former cast]] | theme_music_composer = Grayson Matthews | opentheme = ''Stand Up''<br />by Jessica Lee and Kit Knows | endtheme = {{plainlist| *''Stand Up''<br />by Jessica Lee and Kit Knows (seasons 1-4) *Songs from ''The Next Step'' (season 5–) }} | country = Canada | language = English | num_seasons = 9<!--Only increment as a new season premieres in Canada, per the documentation of the template!--> | num_episodes = 255<!--Only increment as a new episode premieres in Canada, per the documentation of the template!--> | list_episodes = List of The Next Step episodes | executive_producer = {{Plainlist| * Frank van Keeken<ref name="CNWSeason6">{{cite web|title=Temple Street Productions and Family Channel announce start of principal photography on season two of hit tween drama The Next Step|url=http://cnw.ca/omndE|work=CNW|accessdate=December 4, 2013|date=July 24, 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131221223555/http://cnw.ca/omndE|archive-date=December 21, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Ivan Schneeberg<ref name="CNWSeason6" /> * David Fortier<ref name="CNWSeason6" /> }} | producer = {{Plainlist| * Laura Harbin * Rachael Schaefer * Chloe Van Keeken * Jay Prychidny * Amy Wright * Laurie McLarty * Laura Notarianni }} | camera = Multi-camera | runtime = 22–43 minutes | company = {{Plainlist| * [[Radical Sheep Productions]] }} | network = {{plainlist| *[[Family Channel (Canadian TV network)|Family Channel]]<ref name="CNWSeason6" /> *[[CBBC]]<!--Episodes have been shown on CBBC before Family Channel for a number of years--> }} | first_aired = {{Start date|2013|3|8}} | last_aired = present | related = ''[[Lost & Found Music Studios]]'' | alt = The letters for the Next Step logo, created by small circles. }} '''''The Next Step''''' is a TV Program about a dance studio. It is filmed in Canada. ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == * {{IMDb title|2374744|The Next Step}} * {{citation|url=http://www.hulu.com/the-next-step|title=The Next Step on Hulu|accessdate=2015-06-30|archive-date=2015-07-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703155612/http://www.hulu.com/the-next-step|url-status=dead}} {{tv-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Next Step, The}} [[Category:2010s Canadian television series]] [[Category:2010s teen television series]] [[Category:Canadian English-language television shows]] ctflaks5lltkfdxtcw6s2l049cu0qqw 0 507984 10368062 10363623 2025-07-02T18:24:47Z 2600:4040:2CC4:E100:8857:50C6:B833:948D 10368062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | runtime = 26 minutes | alt_name = ''William Joyce's George Shrinks'' | genre = [[Animated series|Animated]] | based_on = ''[[William Joyce (writer)|George Shrinks]]'' by [[William Joyce (writer)|William Joyce]] | composer = Roberto Occhipinti | theme_music_composer = [[Colin James]] | writer = [[Patrick Loubert]]<br />[[Ken Cuperus]]<br />Dave Dias<br />Hugh Duffy<br />Richard Elliott<br />Ben Joseph | voices = [[Tracey Moore (actress)|Tracey Moore]]<br />[[Robbi Jay Thuet]]<br />[[Erica Lutrell]]<br />[[Paul O'Sullivan (actor)|Paul O'Sullivan]]<br />[[Catherine O'Hara]] | executive_producer = {{ubl|William Joyce|[[Michael Hirsh (producer)|Michael Hirsh]]|[[Patrick Loubert]] (seasons 1–2)|[[Clive A. Smith]] (seasons 1–2)|Scott Dyer (season 3)|Wallace Wong}} | producer = Michelle Melanson (seasons 2–3) | company = {{unbulleted list|[[TVB|Jade Animation]]|[[Nelvana Limited]]}}<ref name=Ep15>{{Cite episode |title=Dog Sitting Miss Daisy |series=George Shrinks |season=2 |number=3 |time=25:30}}</ref> | country = {{unbulleted list|Canada|China}} | language = English | network = {{Plainlist| * [[TVOKids]] (Canada) * [[Knowledge Network|Knowledge Kids]] (Canada) * [[CTV 2 Alberta|Access]] (Canada) * [[Citytv Saskatchewan|SCN]] (Canada) * [[PBS Kids]] (United States) }} | first_aired = {{Start date|2000|9|30}} | last_aired = {{End date|2003|1|23}} | num_seasons = 3 | num_episodes = 40 }} '''''George Shrinks''''' is a Canadian animated [[children's television series]]. It is based on the children's book by the author [[William Joyce (writer)|William Joyce]]. It is co-produced by [[Nelvana Limited]] and Jade Animation, it is made in association with [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Erickson |first1=Hal |title=Television Cartoon Shows: An Illustrated Encyclopedia, 1949 Through 2003 |date=2005 |edition=2nd |publisher=McFarland & Co |isbn=978-1-4766-6599-3 |pages=369–370}}</ref> The series runs on September 30, 2000 to January 23, 2003 on [[PBS Kids|PBS]][[PBS Kids|.]] ==Plot== Because of George's very small size, everyday activities, such as working around the house or playing outside, often become exciting adventures. He mostly uses the Zooper Car to travel. It can change into a [[submarine]] or a [[helicopter]]. The show has a [[retro]]-1940s look, with simple animation and colors. Most of the background music is jazz. ==Characters== * '''George Shrinks''' is the main character of the series. George wakes up from a dream to discover he is small.<ref>{{Cite web |access-date=May 17, 2014 |title=Based on William Joyce's book, George Shrinks is an animated series about a boy who wakes up and discovers he's the size of a mouse |url=https://www.pbs.org/parents/tvprograms/program-georgeshrinks.html |archive-date=April 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409123248/http://www.pbs.org/parents/tvprograms/program-georgeshrinks.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> He is voiced by [[Tracey Moore]]. * '''Junior Shrinks''' is George's baby brother. Junior helps George with things that are too difficult for him. He is voiced by [[Robbi Jay Thuet]]. * '''Becky Lopez''' is George's best friend and neighbor. She goes on many of George's adventures. She is voiced by [[Erica Lutrell]]. * '''Perdita "Mom" Shrinks''' is a [[sculptor]]. She is voiced by [[Catherine O'Hara]]. * '''Harold "Dad" Shrinks''' is an [[inventor]] and a musician in a jazz band. He makes [[musical instrument]]s and [[vehicle]]s. He is voiced by [[Paul O'Sullivan (actor)|Paul O'Sullivan]]. ==Broadcast == In Canada, the series aired on [[TVOKids]], [[Citytv Saskatchewan|SCN]], [[YTV (Canadian TV channel)|YTV]], [[Knowledge Network]], [[TFO]], and [[CTV 2 Alberta|Access]]. The series premiered on [[PBS]] in the United States on September 30, 2000, as a segment on the ''[[PBS Kids Bookworm Bunch]]'' block. The block was dropped altogether at the end of 2004, but the series was given an individual PBS debut on January 6, 2003, along with ''[[The Berenstain Bears (2003 TV series)|The Berenstain Bears]]'' and ''[[Seven Little Monsters (TV series)|Seven Little Monsters]]''. Internationally, the series aired on [[ABC Kids (Australia)|ABC Kids]] in Australia, and on [[Milkshake!]] in the United Kingdom. ==Other websites== *[http://www.bcdb.com/cartoons/Other_Studios/N/Nelvana_Limited/George_Shrinks/index.html ''George Shrinks'' Episode Guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130117213521/http://www.bcdb.com/cartoons/Other_Studios/N/Nelvana_Limited/George_Shrinks/index.html |date=2013-01-17 }} at Big Cartoon DataBase *{{IMDb title|0364811}} *[http://www.retrojunk.com/content/child/description/page/41785/george-shrinks/ Retrojunk: George Shrinks] ==References== {{reflist}} {{Former PBS Kids original programming}} [[Category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:2000s American children's television series]] [[Category:2000s American television series debuts]] [[Category:2000s American television series endings]] [[Category:2000s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:2000s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:2000s Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2000s Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:2000 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2000 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2003 American television series endings]] [[Category:2003 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:American animated television series]] [[Category:American children's television series]] [[Category:Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:Canadian English-language television shows]] [[Category:PBS Kids shows]] [[Category:Television series about friendship]] [[Category:TVOKids shows]] r0wvpw263alusyycpodt5ewye3lztck 10368065 10368062 2025-07-02T18:25:13Z 2600:4040:2CC4:E100:8857:50C6:B833:948D 10368065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | runtime = 26 minutes | alt_name = ''William Joyce's George Shrinks'' | genre = [[Animated series|Animated]] | based_on = ''[[William Joyce (writer)|George Shrinks]]'' by [[William Joyce (writer)|William Joyce]] | composer = Roberto Occhipinti | theme_music_composer = [[Colin James]] | writer = [[Patrick Loubert]]<br />[[Ken Cuperus]]<br />Dave Dias<br />Hugh Duffy<br />Richard Elliott<br />Ben Joseph | voices = [[Tracey Moore (actress)|Tracey Moore]]<br />[[Robbi Jay Thuet]]<br />[[Erica Lutrell]]<br />[[Paul O'Sullivan (actor)|Paul O'Sullivan]]<br />[[Catherine O'Hara]] | executive_producer = {{ubl|William Joyce|[[Michael Hirsh (producer)|Michael Hirsh]]|[[Patrick Loubert]] (seasons 1–2)|[[Clive A. Smith]] (seasons 1–2)|Scott Dyer (season 3)|Wallace Wong}} | producer = Michelle Melanson (seasons 2–3) | company = {{unbulleted list|[[TVB|Jade Animation]]|[[Nelvana Limited]]}}<ref name=Ep15>{{Cite episode |title=Dog Sitting Miss Daisy |series=George Shrinks |season=2 |number=3 |time=25:30}}</ref> | country = {{unbulleted list|Canada|China}} | language = English | network = {{Plainlist| * [[TVOKids]] (Canada) * [[Knowledge Network|Knowledge Kids]] (Canada) * [[CTV 2 Alberta|Access]] (Canada) * [[Citytv Saskatchewan|SCN]] (Canada) * [[PBS]] (United States) }} | first_aired = {{Start date|2000|9|30}} | last_aired = {{End date|2003|1|23}} | num_seasons = 3 | num_episodes = 40 }} '''''George Shrinks''''' is a Canadian animated [[children's television series]]. It is based on the children's book by the author [[William Joyce (writer)|William Joyce]]. It is co-produced by [[Nelvana Limited]] and Jade Animation, it is made in association with [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Erickson |first1=Hal |title=Television Cartoon Shows: An Illustrated Encyclopedia, 1949 Through 2003 |date=2005 |edition=2nd |publisher=McFarland & Co |isbn=978-1-4766-6599-3 |pages=369–370}}</ref> The series runs on September 30, 2000 to January 23, 2003 on [[PBS Kids|PBS]][[PBS Kids|.]] ==Plot== Because of George's very small size, everyday activities, such as working around the house or playing outside, often become exciting adventures. He mostly uses the Zooper Car to travel. It can change into a [[submarine]] or a [[helicopter]]. The show has a [[retro]]-1940s look, with simple animation and colors. Most of the background music is jazz. ==Characters== * '''George Shrinks''' is the main character of the series. George wakes up from a dream to discover he is small.<ref>{{Cite web |access-date=May 17, 2014 |title=Based on William Joyce's book, George Shrinks is an animated series about a boy who wakes up and discovers he's the size of a mouse |url=https://www.pbs.org/parents/tvprograms/program-georgeshrinks.html |archive-date=April 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409123248/http://www.pbs.org/parents/tvprograms/program-georgeshrinks.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> He is voiced by [[Tracey Moore]]. * '''Junior Shrinks''' is George's baby brother. Junior helps George with things that are too difficult for him. He is voiced by [[Robbi Jay Thuet]]. * '''Becky Lopez''' is George's best friend and neighbor. She goes on many of George's adventures. She is voiced by [[Erica Lutrell]]. * '''Perdita "Mom" Shrinks''' is a [[sculptor]]. She is voiced by [[Catherine O'Hara]]. * '''Harold "Dad" Shrinks''' is an [[inventor]] and a musician in a jazz band. He makes [[musical instrument]]s and [[vehicle]]s. He is voiced by [[Paul O'Sullivan (actor)|Paul O'Sullivan]]. ==Broadcast == In Canada, the series aired on [[TVOKids]], [[Citytv Saskatchewan|SCN]], [[YTV (Canadian TV channel)|YTV]], [[Knowledge Network]], [[TFO]], and [[CTV 2 Alberta|Access]]. The series premiered on [[PBS]] in the United States on September 30, 2000, as a segment on the ''[[PBS Kids Bookworm Bunch]]'' block. The block was dropped altogether at the end of 2004, but the series was given an individual PBS debut on January 6, 2003, along with ''[[The Berenstain Bears (2003 TV series)|The Berenstain Bears]]'' and ''[[Seven Little Monsters (TV series)|Seven Little Monsters]]''. Internationally, the series aired on [[ABC Kids (Australia)|ABC Kids]] in Australia, and on [[Milkshake!]] in the United Kingdom. ==Other websites== *[http://www.bcdb.com/cartoons/Other_Studios/N/Nelvana_Limited/George_Shrinks/index.html ''George Shrinks'' Episode Guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130117213521/http://www.bcdb.com/cartoons/Other_Studios/N/Nelvana_Limited/George_Shrinks/index.html |date=2013-01-17 }} at Big Cartoon DataBase *{{IMDb title|0364811}} *[http://www.retrojunk.com/content/child/description/page/41785/george-shrinks/ Retrojunk: George Shrinks] ==References== {{reflist}} {{Former PBS Kids original programming}} [[Category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:2000s American children's television series]] [[Category:2000s American television series debuts]] [[Category:2000s American television series endings]] [[Category:2000s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:2000s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:2000s Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2000s Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:2000 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2000 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2003 American television series endings]] [[Category:2003 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:American animated television series]] [[Category:American children's television series]] [[Category:Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:Canadian English-language television shows]] [[Category:PBS Kids shows]] [[Category:Television series about friendship]] [[Category:TVOKids shows]] mfr4d4jgh8w5lgbk71letq41mx87gmd 10368946 10368065 2025-07-03T04:21:36Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:1A65:71FF:FE7A:3C62 per WP:NOTBROKEN 10368946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | runtime = 26 minutes | alt_name = ''William Joyce's George Shrinks'' | genre = [[Animated series|Animated]] | based_on = ''[[William Joyce (writer)|George Shrinks]]'' by [[William Joyce (writer)|William Joyce]] | composer = Roberto Occhipinti | theme_music_composer = [[Colin James]] | writer = [[Patrick Loubert]]<br />[[Ken Cuperus]]<br />Dave Dias<br />Hugh Duffy<br />Richard Elliott<br />Ben Joseph | voices = [[Tracey Moore (actress)|Tracey Moore]]<br />[[Robbi Jay Thuet]]<br />[[Erica Lutrell]]<br />[[Paul O'Sullivan (actor)|Paul O'Sullivan]]<br />[[Catherine O'Hara]] | executive_producer = {{ubl|William Joyce|[[Michael Hirsh (producer)|Michael Hirsh]]|[[Patrick Loubert]] (seasons 1–2)|[[Clive A. Smith]] (seasons 1–2)|Scott Dyer (season 3)|Wallace Wong}} | producer = Michelle Melanson (seasons 2–3) | company = {{unbulleted list|[[TVB|Jade Animation]]|[[Nelvana Limited]]}}<ref name=Ep15>{{Cite episode |title=Dog Sitting Miss Daisy |series=George Shrinks |season=2 |number=3 |time=25:30}}</ref> | country = {{unbulleted list|Canada|China}} | language = English | network = {{Plainlist| * [[TVOKids]] (Canada) * [[Knowledge Network|Knowledge Kids]] (Canada) * [[CTV 2 Alberta|Access]] (Canada) * [[Citytv Saskatchewan|SCN]] (Canada) * [[PBS Kids]] (United States) }} | first_aired = {{Start date|2000|9|30}} | last_aired = {{End date|2003|1|23}} | num_seasons = 3 | num_episodes = 40 }} '''''George Shrinks''''' is a Canadian animated [[children's television series]]. It is based on the children's book by the author [[William Joyce (writer)|William Joyce]]. It is co-produced by [[Nelvana Limited]] and Jade Animation, it is made in association with [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Erickson |first1=Hal |title=Television Cartoon Shows: An Illustrated Encyclopedia, 1949 Through 2003 |date=2005 |edition=2nd |publisher=McFarland & Co |isbn=978-1-4766-6599-3 |pages=369–370}}</ref> The series runs on September 30, 2000 to January 23, 2003 on [[PBS Kids]]. ==Plot== Because of George's very small size, everyday activities, such as working around the house or playing outside, often become exciting adventures. He mostly uses the Zooper Car to travel. It can change into a [[submarine]] or a [[helicopter]]. The show has a [[retro]]-1940s look, with simple animation and colors. Most of the background music is jazz. ==Characters== * '''George Shrinks''' is the main character of the series. George wakes up from a dream to discover he is small.<ref>{{Cite web |access-date=May 17, 2014 |title=Based on William Joyce's book, George Shrinks is an animated series about a boy who wakes up and discovers he's the size of a mouse |url=https://www.pbs.org/parents/tvprograms/program-georgeshrinks.html |archive-date=April 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409123248/http://www.pbs.org/parents/tvprograms/program-georgeshrinks.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> He is voiced by [[Tracey Moore]]. * '''Junior Shrinks''' is George's baby brother. Junior helps George with things that are too difficult for him. He is voiced by [[Robbi Jay Thuet]]. * '''Becky Lopez''' is George's best friend and neighbor. She goes on many of George's adventures. She is voiced by [[Erica Lutrell]]. * '''Perdita "Mom" Shrinks''' is a [[sculptor]]. She is voiced by [[Catherine O'Hara]]. * '''Harold "Dad" Shrinks''' is an [[inventor]] and a musician in a jazz band. He makes [[musical instrument]]s and [[vehicle]]s. He is voiced by [[Paul O'Sullivan (actor)|Paul O'Sullivan]]. ==Broadcast == In Canada, the series aired on [[TVOKids]], [[Citytv Saskatchewan|SCN]], [[YTV (Canadian TV channel)|YTV]], [[Knowledge Network]], [[TFO]], and [[CTV 2 Alberta|Access]]. The series premiered on [[PBS]] in the United States on September 30, 2000, as a segment on the ''[[PBS Kids Bookworm Bunch]]'' block. The block was dropped altogether at the end of 2004, but the series was given an individual PBS debut on January 6, 2003, along with ''[[The Berenstain Bears (2003 TV series)|The Berenstain Bears]]'' and ''[[Seven Little Monsters (TV series)|Seven Little Monsters]]''. Internationally, the series aired on [[ABC Kids (Australia)|ABC Kids]] in Australia, and on [[Milkshake!]] in the United Kingdom. ==Other websites== *[http://www.bcdb.com/cartoons/Other_Studios/N/Nelvana_Limited/George_Shrinks/index.html ''George Shrinks'' Episode Guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130117213521/http://www.bcdb.com/cartoons/Other_Studios/N/Nelvana_Limited/George_Shrinks/index.html |date=2013-01-17 }} at Big Cartoon DataBase *{{IMDb title|0364811}} *[http://www.retrojunk.com/content/child/description/page/41785/george-shrinks/ Retrojunk: George Shrinks] ==References== {{reflist}} {{Former PBS Kids original programming}} [[Category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:2000s American children's television series]] [[Category:2000s American television series debuts]] [[Category:2000s American television series endings]] [[Category:2000s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:2000s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:2000s Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2000s Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:2000 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2000 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2003 American television series endings]] [[Category:2003 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:American animated television series]] [[Category:American children's television series]] [[Category:Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:Canadian English-language television shows]] [[Category:PBS Kids shows]] [[Category:Television series about friendship]] [[Category:TVOKids shows]] 3bfe7630gfrcfpl7xx3ei1d2uiej68g 0 513558 10369057 10340047 2025-07-03T06:28:21Z Orland 18344 /* W */ vanity 10369057 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2020}} __NOTOC__ [[California]] is a state in the western [[United States]]. It has more people than any other state in the United States. If California was a separate country, it would have the sixth largest economy in the world. California is probably the state with the most ethnic groups. ==#== * [[12th Planet (musician)|12th Planet]] – record producer, DJ ==A== [[File:JenniferAnistonFeb09.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Jennifer Aniston]]]] [[File:Austin 2009 US Open 02.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Tracey Austin]]]] * [[Willie Aames]] – actor * [[Paula Abdul]] – dancer and singer (''[[American Idol]]'') * [[Ansel Adams]] – photographer * [[Jay Adams]] - skateboarder and surfer * [[Ben Affleck]] – film actor and director * [[Jhene Aiko]] – singer * [[Jessica Alba]] – actress, model * [[Jesse Aliganga]] – US Marine * [[AJ Allmendinger]] – NASCAR driver * [[Herb Alpert]] – trumpeter, music executive * [[Tony Alva]] - skateboarder and surfer * [[Helen Andelin]] – author (''[[Fascinating Womanhood]]'') * [[Anthony Anderson]] – actor * [[Melissa Sue Anderson]] – actress * [[Paul Thomas Anderson]] – filmmaker * [[Jennifer Aniston]] – actress (''[[Friends]]'') * [[Nicole Aniston]] – pornographic actress * [[Odette Annable]] – actress * [[Steve Aoki]] – music producer, DJ * [[Christina Applegate]] – actress * [[Jon Appleton]] – composer * [[Anne Archer]] – actress * [[Eve Arden]] – actress * [[Billie Joe Armstrong]] – musician, vocalist ([[Green Day]]) * [[Lucie Arnaz]] – actress * [[Maureen Arthur]] – actress (''[[How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying]]'') * [[Reginald Arvizu|Reginald "Fieldy" Arvizu]] – bassist ([[Korn]]) * [[Anastasia Ashman]] – writer * [[Sean Astin]] – actor (''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'') * [[Jeff Atkinson (athlete)|Jeff Atkinson]] – distance runner, Olympian * [[Brad Ausmus]] – [[Major League Baseball]] player, manager * [[Tracy Austin]] – tennis player ==B== [[File:Beck 2006-01.jpg|thumb|right|180px|[[Beck]]]] [[File:Jack Black 2 2011.jpg|thumb|right|180px|[[Jack Black]]]] [[File:Ryan Braun.jpg|thumb|right|180px|[[Ryan Braun]]]] [[File:Edmund G Brown Jr.jpg|thumb|right|180px|[[Jerry Brown]]]] * [[Max Baer, Jr.]] – actor (Jethro Bodine of [[The Beverly Hillbillies]]) * [[Ross Bagdasarian, Sr.]] – actor (''[[Alvin and the Chipmunks]]'') * [[Diane Baker]] – actress (''[[The Silence of the Lambs (film)|The Silence of the Lambs]]'') * [[Dusty Baker]] – MLB player and manager * [[Banks (singer)|Banks]] – singer * [[Tyra Banks]] – model and actress (''[[The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air]]'') * [[Adrienne Barbeau]] – actress (''[[Maude (TV series)|Maude]]'') * [[Sara Bareilles]] – singer * [[Travis Barker]] – drummer ([[Blink-182]]) * [[Matt Barnes]] – [[National Basketball Association]] player * [[Drew Barrymore]] – actress (''[[50 First Dates]]'') * [[Judith Barsi]] – actress/voiceover artist * [[Summer Bartholomew]] – [[Miss USA]] 1975 * [[Earl W. Bascom]] – rodeo pioneer, Hall of Fame inductee, actor, international artist/sculptor * [[Baby Bash]] – rapper * [[Bassnectar]] – musician, record producer * [[Michael Bay]] – film director * [[Amanda Beard]] – Olympic swimmer * [[Beck]] – musician * [[Captain Beefheart]] – musician * [[Ed Begley, Jr.]] – actor and activist * [[Stephania Bell]] — ESPN analyst, [[physical therapist]] * [[Camilla Belle]] – actress * [[Tory Belleci]] – filmmaker and model maker (''[[MythBusters]]'') * [[Marcus Benjamin]] (born 1857){{Spaced en dash}} early biographer at [[Smithsonian Institution]] * [[Candice Bergen]] – actress (''[[Murphy Brown]]'') * [[Carolyn Beug]] – passenger aboard [[American Airlines Flight 11]] * [[B.G. Knocc Out]] – rapper * [[Mayim Bialik]] – actress (''[[The Big Bang Theory]]'') * [[Barbara Billingsley]] – actress * [[Rachel Bilson]] – actress (''[[The O.C.]]'') * [[Thora Birch]] – actress * [[Bradford Bishop]] – indicted murderer and at-large fugitive * [[Bill Bixby]] – actor (''[[The Incredible Hulk (1977 TV series)|The Incredible Hulk]]'') * [[Aloe Blacc]] – singer, musician * [[Jack Black (actor)|Jack Black]] – actor ([[Tenacious D]]) * [[Rebecca Black]] – singer * [[Hank Blalock]] – baseball player ([[Texas Rangers (baseball)|Texas Rangers]]) * [[Mel Blanc]] – cartoon voice actor * [[Sheila Bleck]] – IFBB professional bodybuilder * [[Ken Block]] – rally driver, gymkhana driver * [[Andy Bloom (athlete)|Andy Bloom]] – Olympic shot putter * [[Betsy Bloomingdale]] – socialite * [[David Blu]] (born David Bluthenthal) – professional basketball player ([[Maccabi Tel Aviv]]) * [[Jonathan Blum]] – hockey player * [[Brian Boitano]] − Olympic gold medalist (figure skating) * [[Barry Bonds]] – baseball player ([[San Francisco Giants]]) * [[Bobby Bonds]] – baseball player (San Francisco Giants) * [[Aaron Boone]] – baseball player ([[Cleveland Indians]]) * [[Scott Borchetta]] – president/CEO and founder of [[Big Machine Records]] * [[Barry Bostwick]] – actor (''[[Spin City]]'', ''[[The Rocky Horror Picture Show]]'') * [[Kate Bosworth]] – actress * [[Lo Bosworth]] – television personality, author, and entrepreneur * [[Bruce Bowen]] – [[National Basketball Association]] player ([[San Antonio Spurs]]) * [[Brandon Boyd]] – singer, musician (''[[Incubus (band)|Incubus]]'') * [[Timothy Bradley]] – boxer * [[Tom Brady]] – football quarterback ([[New England Patriots]]) * [[Debbie Bramwell-Washington]] – IFBB professional bodybuilder * [[Benjamin Bratt]] – actor * [[Ryan Braun]] – baseball player ([[Milwaukee Brewers]]) * [[B-Real]] – rapper ([[Cypress Hill]]) * [[Nicholas Brendon]] – actor (''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV series)|Buffy the Vampire Slayer]]'') * [[Jan Brewer]] – [[Governor of Arizona]] * [[Stephen Breyer]] – [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]] * [[Brigita Brezovac]] – IFBB professional bodybuilder * [[Beau Bridges]] – actor (''[[The Fabulous Baker Boys]]'', ''[[Stargate SG-1]]'') * [[Jeff Bridges]] – actor (''[[The Big Lebowski]]'') * [[Lloyd Bridges]] – actor (''[[Sea Hunt]]'', ''[[Airplane!]]'') * [[Lance Briggs]] – football player * [[Adam Brody]] – actor (''[[The O.C.]]'') * [[James Brolin]] – actor * [[Josh Brolin]]{{Spaced en dash}} actor (''[[No Country For Old Men (film)|No Country For Old Men]]'', ''[[Gangster Squad]]'') * [[Albert Brooks]] – film actor and director (''[[Lost in America]]'') * [[Brotha Lynch Hung]] – rapper * [[Alton Brown]] – television host * [[Jerry Brown]] – [[Governor of California]] (1975–1983; 2011–present), [[List of mayors of Oakland, California|Mayor of Oakland, California]] * [[Pat Brown]] – [[Governor of California]] (1959–1967) * [[Willie Lewis Brown, Jr.|Willie Brown]] – 58th Speaker of the [[California State Assembly]], [[Mayor of San Francisco]] * [[Teddy Bruschi]] – football player * [[Lindsey Buckingham]] – musician ([[Fleetwood Mac]]) * [[Bill Buckner]] – baseball player * [[Don Budge]] – [[tennis]] player * [[Hunter Burgan]] – bass player for [[AFI (band)|AFI]] * [[Bobby Burgess]] – [[Mouseketeer]], dancer for [[Lawrence Welk Show]] * [[Olivia Burnette]] – actress * [[Tim Burton]] – film director * [[Reggie Bush]] – football player * [[Shoshana Bush]] – actress * [[Sophia Bush]] – activist, spokesperson, and actress (''[[One Tree Hill (TV series)|One Tree Hill]]'', ''[[Chicago P.D. (TV series)|Chicago P.D.]]'') * [[Jeanie Buss]] – sports executive * [[Cruz Bustamante]] – [[Lieutenant Governor of California]] * [[Win Butler]] – musician, songwriter ([[Arcade Fire]]) * [[Amanda Bynes]] – actress * [[Kari Byron]] – artist and television personality (''[[MythBusters]]'') ==C== [[File:Cher by Ian Smith.jpg|thumb|right|180px|[[Cher]]]] [[File:Sasha Cohen 2009 SOI Halifax Spiral.jpg|thumb|right|180px|[[Sasha Cohen]]]] [[File:Kevin Costner DF-SD-05-08959 crop.jpg|thumb|right|180px|[[Kevin Costner]]]] * [[Scott Caan]] – actor * [[Herb Caen]] – newspaper columnist (''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]'') * [[John Cage]] – composer * [[Nicolas Cage]] – actor * [[Colbie Caillat]] – singer * [[Cameron (wrestler)|Cameron]] – professional wrestler, dancer * [[Dolph Camilli]] – baseball player * [[Ben Nighthorse Campbell]] – [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] from [[Colorado]] * [[Nick Cannon]] – actor * [[Mr. Capone-E]] – rapper * [[Linda Cardellini]] – actress (''[[Freaks and Geeks]]'') * [[Tucker Carlson]] – television host * [[Adam Carolla]] – radio and television personality * [[David Carr (American football)|David Carr]] – football player * [[David Carradine]] – actor (''[[Kung Fu (TV series)|Kung Fu]]'', ''[[Kill Bill]]'') * [[Ever Carradine]] – actress, daughter of [[Robert Carradine]] * [[Keith Carradine]] – actor (''[[Nashville (film)|Nashville]]'') * [[Robert Carradine]] – actor (''[[Revenge of the Nerds]]'') * [[Pete Carroll]] – college and NFL football coach * [[Adam Carson]] – drummer (''[[AFI (band)|AFI]]'') * [[Chris Carter (screenwriter)|Chris Carter]] – film producer, director and writer (''[[The X-Files]]'') * [[Torry Castellano]] – drummer of [[The Donnas]] * [[C-Bo]] – rapper * [[Richard Chamberlain]] – actor * [[Chanel West Coast]] – rapper, actress, model, television personality * [[Brandi Chastain]] – soccer player * [[Jessica Chastain]] – actress (''[[Zero Dark Thirty]]'') * [[Cher]] – actress, entertainer and singer * [[Joey Chestnut]] – competitive eater * [[Julia Child]] – chef, author and TV personality * [[Margaret Cho]] – actress, comedian * [[Wasel Choi]] – artist and world traveler * [[Amy Chow]] – gymnast * [[Jamie Chung]] – actress * [[Lana Clarkson]] – actress (''[[Fast Times at Ridgemont High]]'') * [[Les Claypool]] – bass player ([[Primus (band)|Primus]]) * [[Sasha Cohen]] – figure skater * [[Lillie Hitchcock Coit]] – firefighter * [[Keyshia Cole]] – singer * [[Natalie Cole]] – singer * [[Jerry Coleman]] – decorated soldier and sportscaster * [[Chris Colfer]] – actor (''[[Glee (TV series)|Glee]]''), author (''[[The Land of Stories]]'') * [[Holly Marie Combs]] – actress * [[Maureen Connolly]] – tennis player * [[Mike Connors]] – actor (''[[Mannix]]'') * [[Lauren Conrad]] – television personality, fashion designer, and author * [[Elisha Cook Jr.]] – actor (''[[The Maltese Falcon (1941 film)|The Maltese Falcon]]'') * [[Coolio]] – rapper * [[Miranda Cosgrove]] – actress, singer (''[[iCarly]]'') * [[Kevin Costner]] – film actor and director (''[[Field of Dreams]]'') * [[Natalie Coughlin]] – Olympic swimmer * [[Nikki Cox]] – actress (''[[Las Vegas (TV series)|Las Vegas]]'') * [[Alan Cranston]] – [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] from California * [[Bryan Cranston]] – actor * [[Laura Creavalle]] – [[Guyanese people|Guyanese]]-born [[Canadians|Canadian]]/[[Americans|American]] professional bodybuilder * [[Richard Crenna]] – actor * [[William H. Crocker]] – philanthropist and founder of [[Crocker National Bank]] * [[James Cromwell]] – actor * [[Joe Cronin]] – Hall of Fame baseball player, manager * [[David Crosby]] – musician * [[Cameron Crowe]] – filmmaker * [[Kaley Cuoco]] – actress (''[[The Big Bang Theory]]'') * [[Jamie Lee Curtis]] – actress (''[[Halloween (1978 film)|Halloween]]'') ==D== [[File:LeonardoDiCaprioNov08.jpg|thumb|right|180px|[[Leonardo DiCaprio]]]] [[File:Hilary Duff (2009) 2.jpg|thumb|right|180px|[[Hilary Duff]]]] * [[Carson Daly]] – television host * [[Caroline D'Amore]] - musician, actress, model * [[Spencer Daniels]] – actor * [[Harry Danning]] – [[Major League Baseball]] All Star catcher * [[Ted Danson]] – actor (''[[Cheers]]'') * [[Iva Toguri D'Aquino]] (Tokyo Rose) – radio broadcaster during [[World War II]] * [[Lindsay Davenport]] – tennis player * [[Baron Davis]] – professional basketball player * [[Jonathan Davis]] – singer, musician ([[Korn]]) * [[Terrell Davis]] – professional football player * [[Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris]] – husband and wife film directors (''[[Little Miss Sunshine]]'') * [[Oscar De La Hoya]] – boxer * [[Zack de la Rocha]] – activist, singer ([[Rage Against The Machine]]) * [[Jayme Dee]] – singer, musician * [[Tom DeLonge]] – singer, musician ([[Blink-182]]) * [[Brad Delson]] – musician ([[Linkin Park]]) * [[Bo Derek]] – actress * [[Laura Dern]] – actress * [[DeMar DeRozan]] – professional basketball player * [[Emily Deschanel]] – actress * [[Zooey Deschanel]] – actress, singer * [[Dev (singer)|Dev]] – singer * [[Cameron Diaz]] – actress (''[[There's Something About Mary]]'') * [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] – actor * [[Joan Didion]] – writer * [[Trent Dilfer]] – NFL quarterback * [[Daz Dillinger]] – rapper * [[Joe DiMaggio]] – baseball player * [[Roy Edward Disney]] – billionaire, nephew of [[Walt Disney]] * [[DJ Quik]] – rapper, producer * [[Canh Thong Do]] – [[Vietnamese American]] activist * [[Nate Dogg]] – musician * [[Snoop Dogg]] – rapper * [[Ami Dolenz]]{{Spaced en dash}} actress, daughter of [[Micky Dolenz]] * [[Micky Dolenz]] – actor, musician, singer ([[The Monkees]]) * [[Landon Donovan]] – soccer player * [[Dr. Dre]] – musician, hip-hop producer, record producer * [[Stacy Dragila]] – pole vaulter * [[Mac Dre]] – rapper * [[Dresta]] – rapper * [[K. Eric Drexler]] – engineer * [[Don Drysdale]] – baseball player * [[Hilary Duff]] – actress, singer * [[Tom Dumont]] – guitarist ([[No Doubt]]) * [[Isadora Duncan]] – dancer * [[Ann Dunnigan]] – translator, actor, teacher * [[Robert Duvall]] – actor * [[Jermaine Dye]] – baseball player ([[Chicago White Sox]]) ==E== * [[Clint Eastwood]] – film actor and director (''[[Million Dollar Baby]]'') * [[Eazy-E]] – rapper * [[Dennis Eckersley]] – baseball player * [[Aaron Eckhart]] – actor * [[Anthony Edwards]] – actor * [[Zac Efron]] – film and television actor (''[[High School Musical]]'') * [[Danny Elfman]] – musician, composer * [[Jenna Elfman]] – actress * [[Sam Elliott]] – actor * [[Anabel Englund]] – singer * [[Christopher Evans (outlaw)|Chris Evans]] – convicted train robber * [[Evidence (rapper)|Evidence]] – rapper ==F== * [[Bill Fagerbakke]] – actor/voice actor (''[[Patrick Star]]'') * [[Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris|Valerie Faris and Jonathan Dayton]] – wife and husband film directors (''[[Little Miss Sunshine]]'') * [[Heather Fargo]] – [[List of mayors of Sacramento|Mayor of Sacramento, California]] * [[Mia Farrow]] – actress * [[David Faustino]] – actor (''[[Married... with Children]]'') * [[Dianne Feinstein]] – [[United States Senate|US Senator]] from California, [[Mayor of San Francisco]] (1978–1988) * [[Fergie (singer)|Stacy Ferguson]] (Fergie) – singer, actress, composer (''[[The Dutchess]]'', ''[[Charlie Brown]]'', ''[[Fergalicious]]'') * [[Shiloh Fernandez]] – actor * [[Sky Ferreira]] – singer, model, actress * [[Will Ferrell]] – actor * [[Miguel Ferrer]] – actor (''[[RoboCop]]'') * [[America Ferrera]] – actress * [[Sally Field]] − actress (''[[Norma Rae]]'', ''[[Places in the Heart]]'') * [[Carrie Fisher]] – actress * [[Peggy Fleming]] – figure skater * [[Abigail Folger]] – coffee heiress, socialite, and murder victim * [[Bridget Fonda]] – actress * [[Lyndsy Fonseca]] – actress * [[Jon Foreman]] – singer<ref>{{cite web|url=http://landofbrokenhearts.org/switchfoot/switchfoot-biography/individual-biographies/jon-foreman/|title=Jon Foreman|work=landofbrokenhearts.org}}</ref> * John Forker - actor * [[Dian Fossey]] – zoologist * [[Jodie Foster]] – actress (''[[The Silence of the Lambs (film)|The Silence of the Lambs]]'') * [[Rickie Fowler]] – professional golfer * [[Allen Fox]] – tennis player (ranked as high as # 4) and coach * [[Dillon Francis]] – music producer, DJ * [[Dave Franco]] – actor * [[James Franco]] – actor * [[Paulette Frankl]] – artist, biographer * [[Bonnie Franklin]] – actress * [[Missy Franklin]] – 2012 Olympic gold medalist (swimming) * [[Suga Free]] – rapper * [[Robert Frost]] – poet * [[Del tha Funkee Homosapien]] – rapper * [[Edward Furlong]] – actor (''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]'') ==G== [[File:Jason Giambi.JPG|thumb|right|180px|[[Jason Giambi]]]] [[File:John Grabow 2010.jpg|thumb|right|180px|[[John Grabow]]]] [[File:Gyllenhaal jake retouched.jpg|thumb|right|180px|[[Jake Gyllenhaal]]]] * [[Becky G]] – singer * [[Warren G]] – rapper * [[G-Eazy]] – rapper, producer * [[Guy Gabaldon]] – [[United States Marine Corps]] * [[Lynx and Lamb Gaede]] – [[white nationalist]] twin singers and musicians * [[Richard Gage (architect)|Richard Gage]] – [[9/11 Truth movement]] activist * [[Trace Gallagher]] – journalist * [[The Game (rapper)|The Game]] – rapper * [[Eric Garcetti]] – mayor of Los Angeles * [[Jeff Garcia]] – [[American football|football]] player * [[Jerry Garcia]] – musician ([[Grateful Dead]]) * [[Wolfgang Gartner]] – music producer, DJ * [[Kyle Gass]] – musician ([[Tenacious D]]) * [[Dirk Gates]] – network entrepreneur ([[Xirrus]]) * [[John Gavin]] – actor, ambassador * [[Sage the Gemini]] – rapper * [[Inara George]] – singer, musician (''[[The Bird and the Bee]]'') * [[Jason Giambi]] – professional baseball player ([[New York Yankees]]) * [[Tyrese Gibson]] – actor * [[Frank Gifford]] – football player and sportscaster * [[Brad Gilbert]] – tennis coach * [[Melissa Gilbert]] – actress (''[[Little House on the Prairie (TV series)|Little House on the Prairie]]''), producer * [[Sara Gilbert]] – actress (''[[Roseanne (TV series)|Roseanne]]'') * [[Lillian Moller Gilbreth]] – engineer (''[[Cheaper by the Dozen]]'') * [[Danny Glover]] – actor * [[Donald Glover]] – actor, singer * [[Rube Goldberg]] – cartoonist * [[Phillip Gonyea]] – drummer, percussionist ([[Against The Will]]) * [[Adrian Gonzalez]] – baseball player * [[Drew Gooden]] – professional basketball player ([[Cleveland Cavaliers]]) * [[Jeff Gordon]] – [[NASCAR]] driver * [[Joseph Gordon-Levitt]] – actor * [[Robby Gordon]] – NASCAR driver * [[Marjoe Gortner]] – evangelical minister * [[Mark-Paul Gosselaar]] – actor * [[John Grabow]] – [[Major League Baseball]] player ([[Chicago Cubs]]) * [[Gloria Grahame]] – actress * [[Andy Grammer]] – singer * [[Farley Granger]] – actor * [[Ulysses S. Grant]] – 18th President of the [[United States of America]]<ref>History of Humboldt County California – Historic Record Co., Los Angeles, 1915, Transcribed by Kathy Sedler, CHAPTER VII. Grant's Career in Humboldt County, [http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~cagha/index.htm California Genealogy & History Archives transcription], [https://archive.org/details/historyofhumbold00irvi Internet Archive, page 52]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=665|title=Fort Humboldt SHP|work=ca.gov}}</ref> * [[Stephen Girard Whipple]], 49er, newspaper editor, Union Army officer, and politician<ref>{{cite book| author = California. Adjutant General's Office| title = Records of California Men in the War of the Rebellion 1861 to 1867| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=RTEOAAAAIAAJ| year = 1890| publisher = State office| pages = 11,826–831 }}</ref> * [[Brian Grazer]] – Oscar-winning film and television producer * [[Beatrice Gray]] – actress * [[Billy Gray (actor)|Billy Gray]] – actor, motorcyclist * [[Paul Gray (American Musician)|Paul Gray]] – musician ([[Slipknot (band)|Slipknot]]) * [[Joanie Greggains]] – radio show host, health and fitness expert * [[Sasha Grey]] – pornographic actress * [[Nash Grier]] - viner, youtuber and actor * [[Merv Griffin]] – talk show host, singer, television producer (''[[Jeopardy!]]'' and ''[[Wheel of Fortune (US game show)|Wheel of Fortune]]'') * [[Florence Griffith-Joyner]]{{Spaced en dash}} track athlete * [[RL Grime]] – music producer * [[Josh Groban]] – singer * [[Vince Guaraldi]] – musician (''[[A Charlie Brown Christmas (album)|A Charlie Brown Christmas]]'') * [[Kimberly Guilfoyle]] – television personality * [[Natalie Gulbis]] – golfer * [[Brett Gurewitz]] – guitarist ([[Bad Religion]]) * [[Tony Gwynn]] – Hall of Fame baseball player * [[Jake Gyllenhaal]] – actor ==H== * [[Walter A. Haas, Jr.]] – chief executive officer of [[Levi Strauss & Co.]] * [[Steven C. Hackett]] – economist ([[Humboldt State University]]) * [[Gene Hackman]] – actor (''[[The French Connection (film)|The French Connection]]'') * [[Sammy Hagar]] – musician ([[Van Halen]]) * [[Merle Haggard]] – [[country music]] singer * [[Joseph Hahn]] – painter, film director, musician ([[Linkin Park]]) * [[Jackie Earle Haley]] – actor (''[[Bad News Bears]]'') * [[Mark Hamill]] – actor (''[[Star Wars]]'') * [[Laird Hamilton]] – surfer * [[Harry Hamlin]] – actor (''[[Clash of the Titans (1981 film)|Clash of the Titans]]'') * [[Armie Hammer]] – actor * [[Kirk Hammett]] – musician ([[Metallica]]) * [[Daniel Handler]] – [[Lemony Snicket]] * [[Colin Hanks]] – actor (''[[King Kong (2005 film)|King Kong]]'') * [[Tom Hanks]] – film actor, director, producer * [[Peter D. Hannaford]] – political advisor to [[Ronald W. Reagan]], author<ref>{{cite web|url=http://findingaids.stanford.edu/xtf/view?docId=ead/hoover/hannafor.xml;chunk.id=bioghist_1;brand=default|title=Peter D. Hannaford|publisher=findingaids.stanford.edu|access-date=September 19, 2013}}</ref> * [[Jeff Hanneman]] – guitarist ([[Slayer]]) * [[Dan Haren]] – professional baseball player ([[Oakland Athletics]]) * [[Mariska Hargitay]] – actress (''[[Law & Order: SVU]]'') * [[Jeff B. Harmon]] – film producer, director, actor * [[Mark Harmon]] – actor * [[Henry Harrower]] – endocrinologist * [[Kevin Harvick]] – [[NASCAR]] driver * [[Teri Hatcher]] – actress * [[Henry Hathaway]] – film director * [[Davey Havok]] – lead singer of [[AFI (band)|AFI]] * [[Tony Hawk]] – skateboarder * [[Kristy Hawkins]] – IFBB professional bodybuilder * [[Lyn-Z Adams Hawkins]] – professional skateboarder * [[Julie Hayek]] – [[Miss USA]] 1983 * [[Dennis Haysbert]] – actor (''[[24 (TV series)|24]]'') * [[Jenna Haze]] – pornographic actress * [[Patty Hearst]] – actress and newspaper heiress ([[Symbionese Liberation Army]]) * [[William Randolph Hearst]] – newspaper publisher * [[Lacie Heart]] – pornographic actress and nude model * [[Ian Hecox]] – youtuber * [[Simon Helberg]] – actor, comedian (''[[The Big Bang Theory]]'') * [[Christy Hemme]] – professional wrestler and model * [[Mariel Hemingway]] – actress (''[[Manhattan (film)|Manhattan]]'') * [[Pamela Hensley]] – actress * [[Keith Hernandez]] – baseball player * [[Barbara Hershey]] – actress * [[James Hetfield]] – musician ([[Metallica]]) * [[Jonah Hill]] – actor * [[Jason Hirsh]] – baseball player * [[Hit-Boy]] – rapper, record producer * [[Dustin Hoffman]] – actor * [[Trevor Hoffman]] – professional baseball player ([[San Diego Padres]]) * [[Dexter Holland]] – singer, musician ([[The Offspring]]) * [[Brenda Holloway]] – singer and songwriter * [[Josh Holloway]] – actor (''[[Lost (TV series)|Lost]]'') * [[Mike Holmgren]] – football coach ([[Seattle Seahawks]]) * [[Mark Hoppus]] – singer, musician ([[Blink-182]]) * [[Hopsin]] – rapper, actor, record producer * [[Taylor Horn]] – singer and actress * [[James Horner]] – composer * [[Sam Horrigan]] – actor (''[[Little Giants]]'') * [[Nichkhun Horvejkul]]{{Spaced en dash}} Thai-American singer and rapper of [[2PM]] * [[Bryce Dallas Howard]] – actress * [[C. Thomas Howell]] – actor (''[[The Outsiders (film)|The Outsiders]]'', ''[[Red Dawn]]'', ''[[Southland (TV series)|Southland]]'') * [[Jerry Hsu]] – [[skateboarder]] * [[Vanessa Hudgens]] – actress and singer (''[[High School Musical]]'') * [[Kate Hudson]] – actress * [[Phil Hughes]] – baseball player * [[Yolanda Hughes-Heying]] – IFBB professional bodybuilder * [[Barry Hunau]] – illustrator * [[William Hung]] – ''American Idol'' contestant * [[Helen Hunt]] – actress * [[Terry Huntingdon]] – [[Miss USA]] 1959 * [[Anjelica Huston]] – actress * [[Nyjah Huston]] – professional skateboarder * [[Timothy Hutton]] – actor * [[Tiffany Hwang]] – singer ([[Girls' Generation]]) ==I== * [[Crooked I]] – rapper * [[Ice Cube]] – musician, actor * [[Gabriel Iglesias]] – comedian * [[Taebin|Danny Im]] – member of Korean music group [[1TYM]] * [[Grant Imahara]] – electronics and radio control expert (''[[MythBusters]]'') * [[Don Imus]] – radio personality * [[Allison Iraheta]] – singer (''[[American Idol]]'') * [[Kathy Ireland]] – model * [[Chris Isaak]] – musician, actor * [[Yasuhiro Ishimoto]] – photographer * [[Phil Ivey]] – professional poker player ==J== [[File:Keyshawn Johnson 2006-10-15.jpg|thumb|right|180px|[[Keyshawn Johnson]]]] * [[Shirley Jackson]] – author * [[Etta James]] – singer * [[Jesse James (customizer)|Jesse James]] – actor, welder, and chief executive officer of [[West Coast Choppers]] * [[Gregg Jarrett]] – lawyer, journalist * [[BC Jean]] – singer * [[Richard Jefferson]] – professional basketball player * [[Fran Jeffries]] – actress (''[[The Pink Panther (1963 film)|The Pink Panther]]'') * [[Steve Jobs]] – computer pioneer, co-founder of [[Apple Computer]] * [[Anjelah Johnson]] – actress, comedian * [[Dwayne Johnson]] – professional wrestler best known as "The Rock"; now an actor (''[[The Scorpion King]]'') * [[Jimmie Johnson]] – [[NASCAR]] driver and champion * [[Kevin Johnson]] – basketball player and politician * [[Keyshawn Johnson]] – football player * [[Randy Johnson]] – baseball player * [[Angelina Jolie]] – actress * [[Jerry Jones]] – owner of the [[Dallas Cowboys]] * [[Marion Jones]] – track athlete * [[Matt L. Jones]] – actor, comedian (''[[Breaking Bad]]'') * [[Rashida Jones]] – actress * [[Tamala Jones]] – actress * [[Ashley Judd]] – actress * [[Jessica Jung]] – singer ([[Girls' Generation]]) * [[Krystal (singer)|Krystal Jung]] – singer ([[f(x) (group)|f(x)]]) ==K== * [[Pauline Kael]] – film critic * [[Colin Kaepernick]] – NFL quarterback [[San Francisco 49ers]] * [[Ryan Kalish]] – major league baseball outfielder * [[Tony Kanal]] – bassist with [[No Doubt]] * [[Gabe Kapler]] – major league baseball outfielder * [[Khloé Kardashian]]{{Spaced en dash}} socialite and reality-television personality * [[Kim Kardashian]]{{Spaced en dash}} socialite and reality-television personality * [[Kourtney Kardashian]]{{Spaced en dash}} socialite and reality-television personality * [[Chris Kattan]] – actor, comedian * [[Julie Kavner]] – actress * [[Diane Keaton]] – film actress, director, producer * [[Keb' Mo']] – blues singer-songerwriter and guitarist * [[Sally Kellerman]] – actress * [[Minka Kelly]] – actress * [[Anthony Kennedy]] – [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court Justice]] * [[Dom Kennedy]] – rapper * [[Kirk Kerkorian]] – investor and philanthropist * [[Kesha]] – singer * [[Jason Kidd]] – NBA player and coach * [[Val Kilmer]] – actor * [[Elle King]] – singer, actress * [[Kerry King]] – guitarist ([[Slayer]]) * [[Regina King]] – actress * [[Maxine Hong Kingston]] – author * [[Thomas Kinkade]] – artist * [[Matthew Knight]] – actor * [[Suge Knight]] – record producer, music executive ([[Death Row Records]]) * [[Nathan Kress]] – actor (''[[iCarly]]'') * [[Kayden Kross]] – pornographic actress * [[Mike Krukow]] – baseball pitcher and announcer ([[San Francisco Giants]]) * [[Lisa Kudrow]] – actress (''[[Friends]]'') * [[Greg Kurstin]] – musician, producer (''[[The Bird and the Bee]]'') * [[Michelle Kwan]] – figure skater * [[Iris Kyle]] – 10-time overall [[Ms. Olympia]] professional bodybuilder ==L== [[File:Ryan Lavarnway 2012.jpg|thumb|right|180px|[[Ryan Lavarnway]]]] [[File:Juliette Lewis by David Shankbone cropped.jpg|thumb|right|180px|[[Juliette Lewis]]]] * [[Shia LaBeouf]] – actor * [[Remy LaCroix]] – pornographic actress * [[Kendrick Lamar]] – rapper * [[Adam Lambert]] – singer (''[[American Idol]]'') * [[Ryan Lavarnway]] – major-league baseball catcher ([[Los Angeles Dodgers]]) * [[Rick Law]] – illustrator and producer * [[Tony Lazzeri]] – baseball player * [[Amy Lee]]{{Spaced en dash}} musician (lead singer of [[Evanescence]]) * [[Bruce Lee]] – martial artist * [[Jason Lee (actor)|Jason Lee]] – actor (''[[My Name is Earl]]'') * [[Cathy LeFrançois]] – IFBB professional bodybuilder * [[Janet Leigh]] – actress * [[Jennifer Jason Leigh]] – actress (''[[Fast Times at Ridgemont High]]'') * [[Kawhi Leonard]] – basketball player * [[Brad Lesley]] – baseball player, cast member on ''[[Takeshi's Castle]]'' * [[Adam Levine]] – musician (lead singer of pop/rock group [[Maroon 5]]) * [[Monica Lewinsky]] – White House intern * [[Huey Lewis]] – musician ([[Huey Lewis and the News]]) * [[Juliette Lewis]] – actress * [[Rob Liefeld]] – comic book writer * [[Seven Lions]] – musician * [[David Lipsky (golfer)|David Lipsky]] – golfer * [[Blake Lively]] – actress (''[[Gossip Girl]]'') * [[Heather Locklear]] – actress * [[Jack London]] – author (''[[The Call of the Wild]]'') * [[Lauren London]] – television personality, actress, and model * [[Evan Longoria]] – baseball player * [[George Lopez]] – actor and comedian (''[[George Lopez]]'') * [[Mario López]] – actor (''[[Saved by the Bell]]'') * [[Nancy Lopez]] – golfer * [[Erik Lorig]] – football player ([[New Orleans Saints]]) * [[Greg Louganis]] – Olympic diver * [[Courtney Love]] – musician * [[Kevin Love]] – basketball player * [[Jon Lovitz]] – actor * [[George Lucas]] – filmmaker (''[[Star Wars]]'') * [[Lorna Luft]] – singer and actress * [[Athena Lundberg]] – [[Playmate of the Month]] (January 2006) * [[Ray Lynch]] – actor * [[Cheryl Lynn]] – singer ==M== [[File:William Cameron McCool.jpg|thumb|right|180px|[[Willie McCool]]]] [[File:Marisa Miller at the Mirage Portrait.JPG|thumb|right|180px|[[Marisa Miller]]]] [[File:Joe DiMaggio, Marilyn Monroe and Tstsuzo Inumaru.jpg|thumb|right|180px|[[Joe DiMaggio]] and [[Marilyn Monroe]]]] * [[Mack 10]] – rapper (''[[Westside Connection]]'') * [[Theodore Harold Maiman]] – inventor of Ruby Laser Systems Laser * [[Daron Malakian]] – musician, singer-songwriter, guitarist ([[System of a Down]]) * [[Mia Malkova]] – pornographic actress * [[Ricky Manning, Jr.]] – football player * [[Josie Maran]] – actress and model * [[Teena Marie]] – singer * [[Cheech Marin]] – actor * [[Shannon Marketic]] – [[Miss USA]] 1992 * [[McKayla Maroney]] – 2012 Olympic gold and silver medalist (artistic gymnastics) * [[Dean Paul Martin]] – actor and musician * [[Margaret Martin]] – [[professional bodybuilder]] * [[Bobby Martinez]] – professional surfer * [[Chris Masters]] – wrestler * [[Tim Matheson]] – actor * [[Bob Mathias]] – decathlete * [[Misty May-Treanor]] – volleyball player * [[Leigh McCloskey]] – actor, artist (''[[Dallas (1978 TV series)|Dallas]]'') * [[Pete McCloskey]] – politician * [[Willie McCool]] – astronaut, killed in [[Space Shuttle Columbia disaster|Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' disaster]] * [[Maureen McCormick]] – actress * [[Jennette McCurdy]] – actress, singer * [[Audra McDonald]] – actress and singer * [[Willie McGee]] – baseball player * [[Ted McGinley]] – actor * [[Jeremy McGrath]] – supercross racer * [[Mark McGwire]] – baseball player * [[Robert McNamara]] – former [[United States Secretary of Defense]] * [[Katharine McPhee]] – singer, actress * [[MC Eiht]] – actor, rapper * [[MC Hammer]] – musician * [[MC Ren]] – rapper * [[Casey Mears]] – [[NASCAR]] driver * [[Edwin Meese]] – [[United States Attorney General]] (1985–1988) * [[Rodney Melville]] – judge * [[Mike Mentzer]], [[professional bodybuilder]] and [[1979 Mr. Olympia]] heavyweight champion<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifbbpro.com/hall-of-fame-welcome-message/mike-mentzer/|title=IFBB Professional League » Mike Mentzer|work=ifbbpro.com|access-date=2015-09-01|archive-date=2014-09-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915030628/http://www.ifbbpro.com/hall-of-fame-welcome-message/mike-mentzer/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Lee Meriwether]] – actress and Miss America * [[Casey Merrill]] – [[American football|football]] running back * [[AJ Michalka]] – actress, musician * [[Aly Michalka]] – actress, singer * [[Phil Mickelson]] – golfer * [[Miguel (singer)|Miguel]] – singer, producer * [[Johnny Miller]] – golfer and TV commentator * [[Jon Miller]] – sportscaster * [[Marisa Miller]] – supermodel * [[Penelope Ann Miller]] – actress * [[Reggie Miller]] – basketball player ([[Indiana Pacers]]) * [[Stanley Miller]] – chemist * [[Norm Mineta]] – [[United States Secretary of Commerce|U.S. Secretary of Commerce]] and [[United States Secretary of Transportation|Transportation]] * [[Liza Minnelli]] – singer and actress (''[[Cabaret (1972 film)|Cabaret]]'') * [[Marilyn Monroe]] – sex symbol, actress (''[[Some Like It Hot]]'') * [[Elizabeth Montgomery]] – actress (''[[Bewitched]]'') * [[Shemar Moore]] – actor * [[Terry Moore (actress)|Terry Moore]] – actress (''[[Mighty Joe Young (1949 film)|Mighty Joe Young]]'') * [[Alex Morgan]] – [[United States national women's soccer team]] striker * [[John Morrison (wrestler)|John Morrison]] – wrestler * [[George Moscone]] – [[Mayor of San Francisco]] * [[Shane Mosley]] – boxer * [[Elisabeth Moss]] – actress * [[Bethany Mota]] – youtuber * [[Jason Mraz]] – singer, musician * [[Megan Mullally]] – actress * [[Marcus Mumford]] – singer, musician ([[Mumford & Sons]]) * [[Bill Mumy]] – child actor (''[[Lost in Space]]'') * [[Noah Munck]] – actor (''[[iCarly]]'') * [[Eddie Murray]] – baseball player ([[Baltimore Orioles]]) * [[Lenda Murray]] – IFBB professional bodybuilder (Los Angeles) * [[Dave Mustaine]] – musician (''[[Megadeth]]'') ==N== * [[Anna Nalick]] – singer-songwriter * [[Randy Newman]] – composer, musician * [[Gavin Newsom]] – [[Mayor of San Francisco]] (2004–present) * [[Joanna Newsom]] – singer, harpist * [[Lorenzo Neal]] – Pro Bowl football player * [[Richard Nixon]] – 37th [[President of the United States]] * [[Lyn Nofziger]] – author, journalist and [[White House Press Secretary]] (under [[Ronald Reagan]]) * [[Isamu Noguchi]] – artist * [[Bradley Nowell]] – singer, musician ([[Sublime (band)|Sublime]]) ==O== * [[Willis O'Brien]] – film special-effects artist * [[Dagmar Oakland]] – stage and screen actress * [[Frank Ocean]] – singer (''[[Odd Future]]'') * [[Lefty O'Doul]] – baseball player * [[Larisa Oleynik]] – actress * [[Edward James Olmos]] – actor * [[Elizabeth Olsen]] – actress * [[Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen]] – actresses and entrepreneurs * [[Omarion]] – musician, singer * [[Ryan O'Neal]] – actor * [[Tatum O'Neal]] – actress * [[Heather O'Rourke]] – actress * [[Emily Osment]] – actress, singer * [[Haley Joel Osment]] – actor * [[Jimmy Osmond]] − singer ==P== [[File:Katy Perry - Part Of Me Australian Premiere - June 2012 (2).jpg|thumbnail|180px|[[Katy Perry]]]] * [[Carson Palmer]] – football quarterback * [[Gwyneth Paltrow]] – actress * [[Cathey Palyo]] – IFBB professional bodybuilder * [[Leon Panetta]] – [[White House Chief of Staff]] and Secretary of Defense * [[Jerry Paris]] – film director and actor (''[[The Dick Van Dyke Show]]'') * [[Grace Park (actress)|Grace Park]] – actress (''[[Battlestar Galactica]]'', ''[[Hawaii Five-0]]'') * [[Richard Park]] – ice hockey forward, [[New York Islanders]] * [[Harry Partch]] – composer * [[Audrina Patridge]] – television personality, television presenter, actress, and model * [[George S. Patton]] – military commander * [[Paula Patton]] – actress * [[Corey Pavin]] – golfer * [[Sara Paxton]] – actress, singer * [[Gary Payton]] – professional basketball player * [[Gregory Peck]] – actor * [[Sam Peckinpah]] – film director * [[Dustin Pedroia]] – baseball player * [[Chris Penn]] – actor * [[Sean Penn]] – actor * [[Stacy Peralta]]- skateboarder, surfer and film director * [[Melina Perez]] – professional wrestler * [[Katy Perry]] – singer * [[Michelle Pfeiffer]] – actress * [[Paul Pierce]] – professional basketball player * [[Chris Pine]] – actor * [[Drew Pinsky]] – radio and television personality, physician, addiction medicine specialist * [[Jim Plunkett]] – football quarterback ([[Oakland Raiders]]) * [[Whitney Port]] – television personality, fashion designer, and author * [[Chad Power]] – [[martial artist]] * [[Stefanie Powers]] – actress * [[Tristan Prettyman]] – singer, musician * [[Tayshaun Prince]] – professional basketball player ([[Detroit Pistons]]) * [[Freddie Prinze, Jr.]] – actor * [[Jade Puget]] – musician ([[AFI (band)|AFI]]) ==Q== * [[Kathleen Quinlan]] – actress ==R== * [[Frances Rafferty]]{{Spaced en dash}} actress * [[Max Rafferty]]{{Spaced en dash}} former [[California State Superintendent of Public Instruction]], author and columnist * [[Taylor Rain]] – pornographic actress and nude model * [[Robert Redford]] – film actor and director * [[Mason Reese]] – child actor * [[Autumn Reeser]] - actress (''[[The O.C.]]'') * [[Andy Reid]] – football coach * [[Maria Remenyi]] – [[Miss USA]] 1966 * [[Jeremy Renner]] – actor * [[Dane Reynolds]] – professional surfer (''[[Quiksilver]]'') * [[Christina Ricci]] – actress (''[[The Addams Family (film)|The Addams Family]]'') * [[Ariana Richards]] – actress * [[Michael Richards]] – actor (''[[Seinfeld]]'') * [[Nicole Richie]] – actress * [[Sally Ride]] – astronaut ([[STS-7]] and [[STS-41-G]]) * [[Isiah Rider]] – basketball player * [[Cathy Rigby]] – gymnast and actress (''[[Peter Pan]]'') * [[Molly Ringwald]] – actress * [[Jason Ritter]] – actor (son of [[John Ritter]]; grandson of [[Tex Ritter]]) * [[Jenni Rivera]] – singer * [[Naya Rivera]] – actress and singer * [[Tim Robbins]] – actor * [[Tony Robbins]] – life coach * [[Jackie Robinson]] – first African-American player in [[Major League Baseball]] in the modern era * [[Julia Robinson]] – mathematician * [[Aaron Rodgers]] – NFL quarterback [[Green Bay Packers]] * [[Dana Rohrabacher]] – member of the [[United States House of Representatives]] * [[Jimmy Rollins]] – baseball player * [[Jim Rome]] – sports radio host * [[Rebecca Romijn]] – model, actress * [[Tony Romo]] – football quarterback * [[Kyla Ross]] – 2012 Olympic gold medalist (artistic gymnastics) * [[Alexander Rossi (racing driver)|Alexander Rossi]] – Formula One driver * [[Josiah Royce]] – philosopher * [[Pete Rozelle]] – NFL commissioner * [[Keri Russell]] – actress * [[Rene Russo]] – actress * [[Marla Ruzicka]] – activist ([[Green Party (United States)|Green Party]]) ==S== * [[Bob Smale]] - pianist ==T== * [[George Takei]] – actor (''[[Star Trek]]'') * [[Amber Tamblyn]] – actress (''[[Joan of Arcadia]]'') * [[Russ Tamblyn]] – actor (''[[West Side Story (film)|West Side Story]]'') * [[Amy Tan]] – writer (''[[The Joy Luck Club (novel)|The Joy Luck Club]]'') * [[Tess Taylor]] – reality-television personality and ''Playboy'' [[Cyber Girl of the Year]] (2010) * [[Scout Taylor-Compton]] – actress (''[[Halloween (2007 film)|Halloween]]'') * [[TeeFlii]] – rapper, producer * [[Aimee Teegarden]] – actress, model * [[Shirley Temple]] – child film star, former [[United States Ambassador to Ghana|U.S. Ambassador to Ghana]] and [[United States Ambassador to Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovakia]] * [[Reggie Theus]] – basketball player and coach * [[Robin Thicke]] – singer * [[Joanna Thomas]] – IFBB professional bodybuilder * [[Pat Tillman]] – football player and soldier * [[Jennifer Tilly]] – actress * [[Kenneth Tobey]] – actor * [[Alessandra Torresani]] – actress * [[Alan Trammell]] – baseball player * [[Danny Trejo]] - actor * [[Lisa Tucker (singer)|Lisa Tucker]] – singer * [[Tyga]] – rapper * [[Aisha Tyler]] – actress * [[Tyler, The Creator]] – rapper, record producer (''[[Odd Future]]'') ==U== * [[Chase Utley]] – baseball player ==V== * [[Jasmine V]] – singer * [[Karen Valentine]] – actress * [[Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo]] – Mexican general, American politician * [[Elle Varner]] – singer * [[Jhonen Vasquez]] – comic-book writer and artist * [[Casey Veggies]] – rapper * [[Stephen Venard]] – lawman * [[Julieta Venegas]] – singer, musician * [[Ken Venturi]] – golfer * [[Gwen Verdon]] – actress * [[Victoria Vetri]] – model and actress * [[Robert M. Viale]] – U.S. Medal of Honor recipient * [[Antonio Villaraigosa]] – 51st [[Mayor of Los Angeles]] * [[Roy Marlin Voris]] – [[World War II]] [[flying ace]] and founder of the [[United States Navy]] [[Blue Angels]] ==W== * [[Lindsay Wagner]] – actress * [[Bill Walsh (football coach)|Bill Walsh]] – football coach * [[Laurie Walters]] – actress (''[[Eight Is Enough]]'') * [[Bill Walton]] – Hall of Fame basketball player * [[Luke Walton]] – basketball player * [[Andre Ward]] – [[2004 Summer Olympics]] gold medal-winning boxer * [[Earl Warren]] – 30th [[Governor of California]], 14th [[Chief Justice of the United States]] (1953–1969) * [[Jered Weaver]] – baseball player * [[Ryn Weaver]] – singer * [[Caspar Weinberger]] – [[United States Secretary of Defense]] * [[Bob Weir]] – musician ([[Grateful Dead]]) * [[Brian Welch]] – musician, guitarist ([[Korn]]) * [[Russell Westbrook]] – basketball player * [[Jill Whelan]] – actress (''[[Airplane!]]'') * [[Shaun White]] – snowboarder * [[Brandon Whitt]] – [[NASCAR]] driver * [[Sidney Wicks]] – basketball player * [[will.i.am]] – rapper, singer, record producer, and entrepreneur ([[The Black Eyed Peas]]) * [[Emily Williams (architect)|Emily Williams]] – early-20th-century architect * [[Esther Williams]] – actress * [[John Williams]] – composer * [[Paul Williams (architect)|Paul Williams]] – architect * [[Serena Williams]] – tennis player * [[Venus Williams]] – tennis player * [[Ted Williams]] – Hall of Fame baseball player * [[Dontrelle Willis]] – baseball player ([[Florida Marlins]]) * [[Helen Wills]] – tennis player * [[Brian Wilson]] – musician ([[The Beach Boys]]) * [[Carl Wilson]] – musician ([[The Beach Boys]]) * [[Rita Wilson]] – actress * [[Ariel Winter]] – actress, model (''[[Modern Family]]'') * [[Tamara Witmer]] – model * [[Zachary Wohlman]] – boxer * [[Victor Wong (actor born 1927)|Victor Wong]] – actor (''[[Big Trouble in Little China]]'') * [[Victor Wong (actor born 1906)|Victor Wong]] – actor (''[[King Kong (1933 film)|King Kong]]'') * [[Kevin Woo]] – singer, television personality ([[U-Kiss]]) * [[Beatrice Wood]] – artist * [[Natalie Wood]] – actress (''[[This Property Is Condemned]]'') * [[John Wooden]] – college basketball coach * [[Cynthia Woodhead]] – swimmer * [[Shailene Woodley]] – actress * [[Tiger Woods]] – golfer * [[Steve Wozniak]] – inventor of the [[Apple Computer]] <!--==X==--> ==Y== * [[Kristi Yamaguchi]] – professional figure skater * [[Elliott Yamin]] – singer * [["Weird Al" Yankovic]] – parodist, musician * [[YG (rapper)|YG]] – rapper * [[Charlyne Yi]] – actress, comedian * [[Tina Yothers]] – actress (''[[Family Ties]]'') * [[Adrian Young]] – [[No Doubt]]'s drummer * [[Emily Mae Young]] – actress * [[Nick Young (basketball)|Nick Young]] – professional basketball player * [[Young Noble]] – rapper * [[Joon Yun]] – radiologist ==Z== * [[Frank J. Zamboni]] – inventor * [[Zendaya]] – actress, singer * [[Anthony Zerbe]] – actor * [[Elmo R. Zumwalt, Jr.]] – [[Chief of Naval Operations]] * [[Daphne Zuniga]] – actress ==Musical groups== * [[AFI (band)|AFI]] – rock band * [[As I Lay Dying (band)|As I Lay Dying]] – metal band * [[Audioslave]] – rock band * [[Bad Religion]] – punk band * [[The Bangles]] – pop band * [[The Beach Boys]] – pop band * [[The Bird and the Bee]] – indie duo * [[Black Flag (band)|Black Flag]] – hardcore band * [[Blink-182]] – pop/punk band * [[The Byrds]] – folk rock band * [[Circle Jerks]] – punk band * [[Concrete Blonde]] – alternative band * [[Counting Crows]] – rock band * [[Creedence Clearwater Revival]] – rock band * [[Cypress Hill]] – hip hop band * [[The Donnas]] – rock band * [[The Doors]] – rock band * [[Eels (band)|Eels]] – alternative band * [[Faith no More]] – alternative band * [[Fishbone]] – alternative band * [[Flogging Molly]] – [[Celtic punk]] band * [[Geraldine Fibbers]] – alternative band * [[The Germs]] – punk band * [[The Go-Go's]] – pop band * [[The Grateful Dead]] – folk rock band * [[Green Day]] – rock band * [[Guns N' Roses]] – hard rock band * [[Hollywood Undead]] – rap/metal band * [[Hoobastank]] – rock band * [[In Fear And Faith]] – metal band * [[Incubus (band)|Incubus]] – rock band * [[Jane's Addiction]] – alternative band * [[Jefferson Airplane]] – rock band * [[Julien-K]] – synth band * [[Linkin Park]] – alternative rock band * [[Mad at the World]] – Christian rock band * [[Maroon 5]] – rock band * [[Megadeth]] – metal band * [[Metallica]] – metal band * [[Minutemen (band)|Minutemen]] – punk band * [[The Monkees]] – pop band * [[Mötley Crüe]] – hard rock band * [[N.W.A.]] – hip hop band * [[No Doubt]] – ska-punk band * [[The O.C. Supertones]] – ska band * [[The Offspring]] – rock band * [[Oingo Boingo]] – new wave band * [[Orgy (band)|Orgy]] – synth band * [[P.O.D.]] – rock band * [[Rage Against the Machine]] – rap/metal band * [[Ratt]] – hard rock band * [[Red Hot Chili Peppers]] – rock band * [[Slayer]] – metal band * [[Stone Temple Pilots]] – hard rock band * [[Sublime (band)|Sublime]] – ska-punk, dub band * [[Suicidal Tendencies]] – punk/metal band * [[Suicide Silence]] – metal band * [[Switchfoot]] – rock band * [[System of a Down]] – metal band * [[Tesla (band)|Tesla]] – hard rock band * [[Third Eye Blind]] – rock band * [[Thrice]] – rock band * [[Van Halen]] – hard rock band * [[The Wallflowers]] – rock band * [[X (American band)|X]] – alternative/punk band ==California transplants== * [[Samuel Brannan]] – newspaper publisher * [[Ashlynn Brooke]] – pornographic actress{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}} * [[Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo]] – Spanish explorer * [[César Chávez]] – labor leader * [[Juan Bautista de Anza]] – Spanish explorer * [[Gaspar de Portolà]] – Spanish explorer * [[Dr. Dre]] – rapper and producer * [[Larry Ellison]] – co-founder of [[Oracle Corporation]] * [[John C. Frémont]] – [[List of pre-statehood governors of California|Military Governor of California]] * [[Domingo Ghirardelli]] – chocolateer ([[Ghirardelli Chocolate Company]]) * [[Chick Hearn]] – [[National Basketball Association]] announcer for the [[Los Angeles Lakers]] * [[William Redington Hewlett]] – co-founder of [[Hewlett-Packard]] * [[Bob Hope]] – actor, singer, comedian * [[Steve Jurvetson]] – [[venture capital]]ist (a managing director of [[Draper Fisher Jurvetson]]) * [[James Lick]] – real estate baron * [[Steve Martin]] – actor, author, comedian and film director * [[Johnny Mathis]]{{Spaced en dash}} singer ("[[Chances Are (song)|Chances Are]]") * [[Fritz Maytag]] – former owner of [[Anchor Brewing Company]] in San Francisco and is Chairman of the Board of the Maytag Dairy Farms* [[Thomas Mesereau]] – criminal defense lawyer * [[Joe Montana]] – [[National Football League]] [[quarterback]] * [[John Muir]] – [[natural history|naturalist]] * [[Joshua A. Norton]] – British self-proclaimed "Emperor of the United States and Protector of Mexico" * [[Buck Owens]] – country music performer * [[Ronald Reagan]] – actor and 40th [[President of the United States]] * [[Jackie Robinson]] – [[National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum|Baseball Hall of Famer]] who broke [[Major League Baseball]]'s [[baseball color line|20th-century color line]] * [[Carlos Santana]] – Mexican musician * [[Michael Savage]] – author, political commentator and radio host * [[Charles M. Schulz]] – cartoonist * [[Vin Scully]] – announcer for [[Major League Baseball]]'s [[Los Angeles Dodgers]] * [[Glenn T. Seaborg]] – [[chemist]] * [[Junipero Serra]] – Spanish [[missionary]] * [[Steven Spielberg]] – film director * [[Leland Stanford]] – railroad baron, [[Governor of California]], founder of [[Stanford University]] * [[Ken Starr]] – lawyer, university law dean * [[Levi Strauss]] – [[Bavaria]]n clothing manufacturer * [[John Sutter]] – [[Switzerland|Swiss]] real estate baron * [[Marjorie Thompson]] – British peace activist{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}} * [[Mark Twain]] – humorist and author * [[Sarah Winchester]] – heiress, eccentric, builder of the [[Winchester Mystery House]] * [[Charles Wood (singer and actor)|Charles Wood]] – musical theatre performer (original Hortensio in [[Cole Porter]]'s 1948 Broadway musical ''[[Kiss Me, Kate]]'') * [[Chuck Yeager]] – [[United States Air Force|US Air Force]] [[test pilot]] * [[Ace Young]] – singer * [[Steve Young]] – [[National Football League]] [[quarterback]] * [[Lars Ulrich]] – musician ([[Metallica]]) ==Related pages== * [[List of people associated with San Francisco]] * [[List of people from Chula Vista, California]] * [[List of people from Long Beach, California]] * [[List of people from Los Angeles]] * [[List of people from Orange County, California]] * [[List of people from San Diego, California]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{California}} {{Lists of people by U.S. state}} [[Category:Lists of people from California| ]] kib9m7c637fv2v2p71xuq7fmfwkaam3 0 515638 10367839 10311181 2025-07-02T15:58:10Z CallumBen13 1611993 10367839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Simpsons character | image= | name=Abraham Simpson | gender=[[Male]] | job= [[World War II]] Veteran | relatives='''Sons:''' [[Homer Simpson]] and Herb Powell <br /> '''Wife:''' [[Mona Simpson]] <br /> '''Grandchildren:''' [[Bart Simpson|Bart]], [[Lisa Simpson|Lisa]] and [[Maggie Simpson|Maggie]] | appearance = "[[Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire]]" (1989) | ullmanappearance = "[[The Simpsons shorts#Grandpa and the Kids|Grandpa and the Kids]]" (1988) | voiceactor=[[Dan Castellaneta]] }} '''Abraham Jay-Jedediah "Abe" Simpson''', also known as '''Grampa Simpson''', is a [[fictional character|character]] in the [[animated]] [[television series]] ''[[The Simpsons]]''. He is voiced by [[Dan Castellaneta]]. He first appeared on [[The Tracey Ullman Show]] in the Simpsons short "[[The Simpsons shorts#Grandpa and the Kids|Grandpa and the Kids]]". == Role in The Simpsons == === Family === He is the father of [[Homer Simpson]] and the grandfather of [[Bart Simpson|Bart]], [[Lisa Simpson|Lisa]] and [[Maggie Simpson|Maggie]]; he is the husband of [[Mona Simpson]], but later he also has been married for a short time to Amber (a woman that Homer married in [[Las Vegas]] too)<ref>{{cite episode |title=Brawl in the Family (The Simpsons) |episode-link=Brawl in the Family (The Simpsons) |series=The Simpsons |series-link=The Simpsons |credits=Cohen, Joel H.; Nastuk, Matthew |network=Fox |airdate=2002-01-06 |season=13 |number=276}}</ref> and to [[Patty and Selma|Selma Bouvier]],<ref>{{cite episode |title=Rome-old and Juli-eh |episode-link=Rome-old and Juli-eh |series=The Simpsons |credits=[[Nancy Kruse|Kruse, Nancy]]; [[Daniel Chun|Chun, Daniel]] |network=Fox |airdate=March 11, 2007 |season=18 |number=15}}</ref> now he's married to Rita LaFleur. He lives in an old folk's home. === Characteristics === Abe Simpson is a [[World War II]] veteran and he often tells long, unlikely and rambling stories about his past. He was married to Mona Simpson for many years until she became a fugitive after she destroyed [[Biological weapon|biological weapons]] owned by [[Montgomery Burns|Mr. Burns]]. Grampa Simpson has a poor relationship with his son Homer. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110520054942/http://www.thesimpsons.com/bios/bios_family_grandpa.htm Grampa Simpson's profile] at TheSimpsons.com * {{imdb character|0003005}} {{The Simpsons}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Simpson, Abraham}} [[Category:The Simpsons characters]] [[Category:Fictional characters introduced in 1988]] [[Category:Animated human characters]] p14dc2seq62reajste6k9wqx0tl5v64 10367851 10367839 2025-07-02T16:06:32Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: Reminder of an inactive anchor: [[The Simpsons shorts#Grandpa and the Kids|Grandpa and the Kids]] 10367851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Simpsons character | image= | name=Abraham Simpson | gender=[[Male]] | job= [[World War II]] Veteran | relatives='''Sons:''' [[Homer Simpson]] and Herb Powell <br /> '''Wife:''' [[Mona Simpson]] <br /> '''Grandchildren:''' [[Bart Simpson|Bart]], [[Lisa Simpson|Lisa]] and [[Maggie Simpson|Maggie]] | appearance = "[[Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire]]" (1989) | ullmanappearance = "[[The Simpsons shorts#Grandpa and the Kids|Grandpa and the Kids]]{{Broken anchor|date=2025-07-02|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=The Simpsons shorts#Grandpa and the Kids|reason= }}" (1988) | voiceactor=[[Dan Castellaneta]] }} '''Abraham Jay-Jedediah "Abe" Simpson''', also known as '''Grampa Simpson''', is a [[fictional character|character]] in the [[animated]] [[television series]] ''[[The Simpsons]]''. He is voiced by [[Dan Castellaneta]]. He first appeared on [[The Tracey Ullman Show]] in the Simpsons short "[[The Simpsons shorts#Grandpa and the Kids|Grandpa and the Kids]]{{Broken anchor|date=2025-07-02|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=The Simpsons shorts#Grandpa and the Kids|reason= }}". == Role in The Simpsons == === Family === He is the father of [[Homer Simpson]] and the grandfather of [[Bart Simpson|Bart]], [[Lisa Simpson|Lisa]] and [[Maggie Simpson|Maggie]]; he is the husband of [[Mona Simpson]], but later he also has been married for a short time to Amber (a woman that Homer married in [[Las Vegas]] too)<ref>{{cite episode |title=Brawl in the Family (The Simpsons) |episode-link=Brawl in the Family (The Simpsons) |series=The Simpsons |series-link=The Simpsons |credits=Cohen, Joel H.; Nastuk, Matthew |network=Fox |airdate=2002-01-06 |season=13 |number=276}}</ref> and to [[Patty and Selma|Selma Bouvier]],<ref>{{cite episode |title=Rome-old and Juli-eh |episode-link=Rome-old and Juli-eh |series=The Simpsons |credits=[[Nancy Kruse|Kruse, Nancy]]; [[Daniel Chun|Chun, Daniel]] |network=Fox |airdate=March 11, 2007 |season=18 |number=15}}</ref> now he's married to Rita LaFleur. He lives in an old folk's home. === Characteristics === Abe Simpson is a [[World War II]] veteran and he often tells long, unlikely and rambling stories about his past. He was married to Mona Simpson for many years until she became a fugitive after she destroyed [[Biological weapon|biological weapons]] owned by [[Montgomery Burns|Mr. Burns]]. Grampa Simpson has a poor relationship with his son Homer. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110520054942/http://www.thesimpsons.com/bios/bios_family_grandpa.htm Grampa Simpson's profile] at TheSimpsons.com * {{imdb character|0003005}} {{The Simpsons}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Simpson, Abraham}} [[Category:The Simpsons characters]] [[Category:Fictional characters introduced in 1988]] [[Category:Animated human characters]] qfespov6sc6mmsfhijcnx1hbijo1f9u 0 515915 10369420 10285070 2025-07-03T11:17:18Z Zuhaib.Khan.1996 1636125 /* Winner's */ 10369420 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox cricket tournament main | tournament name = Pakistan Super League | first= | current = | image = | size = | image_skyline = | image_caption = | country = [[Pakistan]] | administrator = [[Pakistan Cricket Board]] | cricket format = [[Twenty20]] | next = [[2025 Pakistan Super League|2025]] | website = [http://psl-t20.com/ psl-t20.com] }} '''Pakistan Super League''' ('''PSL''') is a professional [[Twenty20]] [[cricket]] tournament in [[Pakistan]]. Organised by the [[Pakistan Cricket Board]], the first season of PSL took place between February 4 and 24 in 2016. The tournament was held in the [[United Arab Emirates]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thenational.ae/sport/cricket/four-reasons-why-the-uae-is-the-perfect-place-for-the-pakistan-super-league|title=Four reasons why the UAE is the perfect place for the Pakistan Super League|work=The National|first=Osman|last=Samiuddin|date=20 September 2015|access-date=23 September 2015}}</ref> The tournament has five franchise teams: [[Islamabad United]], [[Karachi Kings]], [[Lahore Qalandars]], [[Peshawar Zalmi]] and [[Quetta Gladiators]] and foreign coaches to improve the team's performance.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kaleem|first=Jatt|date=2024-02-11|title=PSL 9 Coaches|url=https://crickethit.com/psl-2024-coaches/|access-date=2024-02-29|website=CricketHit|language=en-US}}</ref> The fourth edition of the Pakistan Super League will take place in February / March 2019. The tournament is scheduled <ref>{{Cite web|last=Ali|first=Ahmed|date=23 August 2017|title=Webcric|url=https://webcrictv.net|url-status=live|access-date=8 September 2017|website=webcrictv.net}}</ref>to start on February 14 2019 and the final would be held on March 17 2019. The seventh edition of the Pakistan Super League was started from 27 January 2022 to 27 February 2022. The current winner is [[Lahore Qalandars]]. The eighth edition was also won by Lahore Qalandars and the ninth edition was won by Islamabad United. The 10th edition of the Pakistan Super League will start from 9th April 2025 and the [https://psllive.com.pk/ schedule of PSL 10] will be announced soon. The drafting process is already being done. == Winner's == The editions with the winning team are listed below: {| class="wikitable" |+PSL Winners by year !Edition !Year !Winning Team !Captain |- |PSL 1 |2016 |Islamabad United |Misbah ul Haq |- |PSL 2 |2017 |Peshawar Zalmi |Darren Sammy |- |PSL 3 |2018 |Islamabad United |Misbah ul Haq |- |PSL 4 |2019 |Quetta Gladiators |Sarfraz Ahmed |- |PSL 5 |2020 |Karachi Kings |[[Imad Wasim]] |- |PSL 6 |2021 |Multan Sultans |Mohammad Rizwan |- |PSL 7 |2022 |Lahore Qalandars |[[Shaheen Afridi]] PSL 8 2023 Lahore Qalandars [[Shaheen Afrdi]] PSL 9 2024 Islamabad United [[Shadab Khan]] PSL 10 Lahore Qalanders [[Shaheen Afridi]] Source: [https://crictimetv.com crictime] {{ |date=2019-12-09 }} ==References== {{reflist}} Pakistan super League complete details first psl to 8 psl schedule, psl ceremony date Final details complete details available ,[https://touchcrictv.com touchcric] ==Other websites== <references /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kaleem|first=Jatt|author-link=|date=2024-02-06|title=PSL 9 Schedule|url=https://crickethit.com/psl-9-schedule/|access-date=2024-02-28|website=CricketHit|language=en-US}}</ref> * [http://psl-t20.com/ Official website] * [http://www.pcb.com.pk/ Pakistan Cricket Board] {{Pakistan Super League}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pakistan Super League}} [[Category:Pakistan Super League| ]] [[Category:2016 establishments in Asia]] [[Category:2010s establishments in Pakistan]] {{Sport-stub}} PSL 2025 == Post-Tournament Summary == In the 2025 Pakistan Super League final held at Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore Qalandars secured their third PSL title by defeating Quetta Gladiators. Chasing a target of 202 runs, Lahore achieved the highest successful chase in a PSL final. Zimbabwean all-rounder Sikandar Raza played a pivotal role in the victory, arriving just minutes before the match after leaving Zimbabwe’s Test series early. Despite the tight schedule, Raza contributed a quick 22 not out off 7 balls, including the winning runs, demonstrating exceptional commitment and impact. This victory further cemented Lahore Qalandars’ position as one of the dominant teams in PSL history. *Sources: [ESPNcricinfo](https://www.espncricinfo.com), [CricHD]([https://smartcrichd.com crichd] |} 4qvpjnyl2lsg9jp55b02rxrtfqrleav 0 516493 10368864 10006541 2025-07-03T03:29:43Z 2600:1700:5ABC:2080:4C65:8441:F0D5:E985 Adding Photo 10368864 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Britt Allcroft | image = Britt Allcroft.jpg | caption = Allcroft in 2023 | birth_name = Hilary Mary Allcroft | birth_date = {{birth date|1943|12|14|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Worthing, West Sussex]], England | death_date = {{death date and age|2024|12|25|1943|12|14|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Los Angeles]], California, US | occupation = {{hlist|Writer|producer|director|voice actress}} | years active = 1964–2023 | children = 2 | spouse = {{marriage|[[Angus Wright (producer)|Angus Wright]]|1973|1997|reason=divorced}} }} '''Britt Allcroft''' (born '''Hilary Mary Allcroft'''; 14 December 1943 – 25 December 2024) was an English writer, producer, director, and voice actress. She was best known for making the [[Wilbert Awdry|Reverend Wilbert Awdry]]'s ''[[The Railway Series]]'' in a children's television series called''[[Thomas the Tank Engine & Friends]]''. Allcroft died in [[Los Angeles]], [[California]] on 25 December 2024, at the age of 81.<ref name="NYT death">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/03/arts/britt-allcroft-thomas-tank-engine-dead.html|title=Britt Allcroft, Who Brought Thomas the Tank Engine to TV, Dies at 81|work=[[The New York Times]]|author=Isabella Kwai|date=3 January 2025|access-date=3 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/britt-allcroft-dead-thomas-friends-creator-tank-engine-train-2009033|title=Britt Allcroft, ''Thomas and Friends'' Creator, Dead at 81|work=[[Newsweek]]|author1=Alfred Joyner|author2=Billie Schwab Dunn|date=3 January 2025|access-date=3 January 2025}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Allcroft, Britt}} [[Category:1943 births]] [[Category:2024 deaths]] [[Category:English television writers]] [[Category:English television producers]] [[Category:English television directors]] [[Category:English movie directors]] [[Category:English screenwriters]] [[Category:English movie producers]] [[Category:English voice actors]] [[Category:English television actors]] [[Category:English movie actors]] [[Category:People from West Sussex]] {{actor-stub}} 1tv93ksda7lfqv99gw8fgb468rlda5u 0 519199 10368814 10323801 2025-07-03T03:09:08Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368814 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Martin''' is a [[village]] in [[Red River Parish, Louisiana|Red River Parish]], [[Louisiana]], [[United States]]. It is the second most populous municipality in Red River Parish (after [[Coushatta, Louisiana|Coushatta]]). == Education == Martin and all of Red River Parish are served by the [[Red River Parish School District]]. Zoned campuses include Red River Elementary School (Grades PK-5), Red River Junior High School (Grades 6-8), and [[Red River Senior High School]] (Grades 9-12). [[Riverdale Academy (Louisiana)|Riverdale Academy]], the only K-12 private school in Red River Parish, is in the hamlet of [[East Point, Louisiana|East Point]]. == Other websites == {{Commons category-inline|Martin, Louisiana}} {{Red River Parish, Louisiana}} [[Category:Villages in Red River Parish, Louisiana]] {{US-geo-stub}} k36esbni3wisfjxa25796hr3kk40e0w 0 523022 10368365 7635749 2025-07-02T22:22:07Z Ferien 1011873 Nominated for deletion; see [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wasted username]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368365 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|Not a well-used term, Wikipedia isn't a dictionary. Only source appears to be Urban Dictionary which doesn't show notability. Also see [[:w:en:Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wasted username]].}} A '''wasted username''' or '''wasted account''' is a [[user (computing)|user account]] on a [[website]] that was not used very much (or at all) after it was made. A person who makes an account like this is called a '''namewaster''' or a '''name waster'''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=name+waster|title=Urban Dictionary: name waster|work=Urban Dictionary|access-date=17 December 2015}}</ref> This word came from [[YouTube]], where many people would post both funny and hateful comments on namewasters' YouTube channels. This was an [[Internet meme|Internet phenomenon]] until 2012, when YouTube deleted a lot of these wasted accounts. == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Internet memes]] [[Category:YouTube]] {{tech-stub}} i8oevrb77mi52kl1scajrhdei0enkq7 3 523026 10368367 9310711 2025-07-02T22:22:07Z Ferien 1011873 Notification: listing at [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] of [[Wasted username]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368367 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Redirects to [[Wasted username]]== I tried to create [[Name waster]], [[Name wasters]], and [[Wasted account]], and all of these were "identified as harmful". Why are such scarce things identified as harmful? Could someone please lower the filters? [[User:Philmonte101|Philmonte101]] ([[User talk:Philmonte101#top|talk]]) 02:07, 25 November 2015 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Wasted username== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Wasted username]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wasted username]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:22, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 2cwiy8dl7wq08pw6qu0y6e13vf7nlhl 0 524649 10368219 9938995 2025-07-02T20:28:28Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10368219 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Update|documentation|date=October 2019}}The '''Americans with Disabilities Act''' ('''the ADA''') is a [[law]] that was passed by the [[United States Congress]] in 1990. [[United States President|President]] [[George H. W. Bush]] signed the ADA, making it an official United States law, on July 26, 1990. Later, President [[George W. Bush]] [[amendment|amended]] (changed) the ADA and signed those changes into law. The changes started on January 1, 2009.<ref>{{cite web |title=President Bush Signs ADA Changes into Law |date=2008-09-25 |publisher=HR.BLR.com |url=http://hr.blr.com/news.aspx?id=78926 |access-date=2015-12-09 |archive-date=2009-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205192712/http://hr.blr.com/news.aspx?id=78926 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-07-26|title=Today in History: July 26, Americans with Disabilities Act signed into law|url=https://apnews.com/today-in-history/july-26|access-date=2024-12-11|website=AP News|language=en}}</ref> The ADA is a detailed [[civil rights]] law whose goal is to protect people with [[disability|disabilities]] from [[discrimination]]. Before the ADA, people with disabilities did not have many legal protections. In 1964, the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://find/?uslaw.com%2Fcivil_rights_act_of_1964_cra_title_vii_equal_employment_opportunities_42_us_code_chapter_21 |title=Civil Rights Act of 1964 |access-date=2020-09-14 |archive-date=2009-11-14 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5lHSBSuc4?url=http://finduslaw.com/civil_rights_act_of_1964_cra_title_vii_equal_employment_opportunities_42_us_code_chapter_21 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> was passed. This law made it [[illegal]] to discriminate against people because of their [[Race (sociology)|race]], [[religion]], [[gender]], national origin (home country), and many other things. But people with disabilities were not included or protected under the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The ADA gave the Civil Rights Act's protections - and some others - to people with disabilities.<ref name="42 U.S.C. 12112b5, 12182-84">42 U.S.C. 12112(b)(5), 12182-84</ref> ==Who Is Protected Under the ADA?== [[File:Americans with Disabilities Act 1988.jpg|alt=April 28, 1988"A Bill to establish a clear and comprehensive prohibition of discrimination on the basis of handicap." Authored by Senator Tom Harkin|thumb|Americans with Disabilities Act of 1988, S. 2346, Page 1<ref>From the George H.W. Bush Presidential Records of the George Bush Presidential Library. Folder Title: Fact Sheet on ADA [Americans of Disabilities Act]. Unrestricted.</ref>]] [[File:Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, page two.jpg|thumb|Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, Page 2<ref name="catalog.archives.gov"/>]] [[File:Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, page 1.jpg|thumb|Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, Page 1<ref name="catalog.archives.gov">{{Cite web |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/6037488 |title=National Archives and Records Administration }}</ref>]] The ADA protects people with disabilities. The ADA says that a disability is a [[Physical disability|physical]] or [[Mental disability|mental problem]] that makes it very difficult to do at least one "major life activity." Major life activities are things like walking, [[breathing]], [[learning]], [[reading]], [[communication|communicating]], [[sight|seeing]], [[hearing]], [[thinking]], and other very important tasks.<ref name=ADA2008faq>{{cite web |author1=EEOC |title=The ADA Amendments Act of 2008: Frequently Asked Questions |url=http://www.dol.gov/ofccp/regs/compliance/faqs/ADAfaqs.htm |publisher=U.S. Department of Labor |website=dol.gov |access-date=December 8, 2015}}</ref> The ADA does not include a complete list of all possible disabilities, but it does give some examples. As long as they make it very difficult to do at least one major life activity, examples of disabilities protected under the ADA include:<ref name=ADA2008faq/> * Physical disabilities, like [[paralysis]], missing arms or legs, [[cystic fibrosis]], [[cerebral palsy]], and [[muscular dystrophy]] * Medical disabilities, like [[cancer]], [[HIV]] infection, [[epilepsy]], and [[diabetes]] * [[Mental illness|Psychiatric disabilities]], like [[Depression (mood)|depression]], [[schizophrenia]], [[bipolar disorder]], and [[PTSD|Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder]] * [[Learning disability|Learning disabilities]], like [[dyslexia]] * Developmental disabilities, like [[Down syndrome]], [[autism]], and [[Intellectual disability|intellectual disabilities]] * [[Alcoholism|Alcohol]] and [[drug addiction]] The ADA also counts some other groups of people as "people with disabilities" to protect them from discrimination:<ref name="42 U.S.C. 12112b5, 12182-84"/> * A person who has had a disability in the past (for example, a person who used to be a drug addict) * Someone who has a relationship with a person with a disability (for example, someone whose wife or husband has HIV) * When other people think a person has a disability, even if they are wrong, the person counts as a person with a disability ==Who Is Not Protected Under the ADA?== The ADA lists some conditions that are not counted as disabilities. People with these conditions are not protected by the ADA. The goal of not including these people was to make sure the ADA's goal of protecting people with disabilities was not abused. Conditions that do not count as disabilities under the ADA include:<ref name=42USC12102>{{cite web |title=42 U.S. Code § 12102 - Definition of disability, Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, As Amended |author1=Civil Rights Division, US Department of Justice |year=2009 |publisher=ada.gov |url=http://www.ada.gov/pubs/adastatute08.htm#12102}}</ref><ref name=PL110325>{{cite web |title=Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act of 2008, PL 110-325 (S 3406) |author1=EEOC |year=2008 |publisher=eeoc.gov |url=http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/statutes/adaaa.cfm}}</ref> * Problems with sexual behavior, like [[pedophilia]], [[exhibitionism]], and [[voyeurism]] * [[Kleptomania]] * [[Pyromania]] * Being [[homosexuality|homosexual (gay)]] or [[bisexuality|bisexual]] * Being [[pregnancy|pregnant]] ==Sections of the ADA== The ADA has five sections, which are called ''titles''. Each title protects against a different kind of discrimination. The titles are numbered in [[Roman numeral]]s: I (one), II (two), III (three), IV (four), and V (five). ===Title I: Employment=== Title I of the ADA protects against discrimination in [[employment]] (work). ====What Employers are Covered by the ADA?==== Not every employer has to follow the ADA's rules. Employers that are covered by the ADA, and have to follow the ADA's rules, are called "covered entities." Employers that have to follow the ADA's rules include:<ref name="12112a">{{UnitedStatesCode|42|12112(a)}}</ref> * Employers (including religious organizations) with 15 or more workers * Employment agencies (places which help people find jobs) * Labor organizations ([[trade union|unions]]) ====What Do Employers Have to Do?==== Title I says that employers who are covered by the ADA cannot discriminate against a person with a disability, as long as that person is qualified (able) to do their job. Title I does ''not'' say that people with disabilities have to be hired for jobs that they are not qualified for.<ref name="GDRL"/> These employers do have to give "reasonable accommodations" to workers with disabilities if needed.<ref>{{UnitedStatesCode|42|12112(b)(5)}}</ref> An "accommodation" is a change in the way things are usually done. It is a change that a worker needs because of a disability, to help them do their job. If a worker with a disability needs reasonable accommodations to do their job, that does not mean they are not qualified to do their job. As long as the worker is able to do their job with the help of accommodations, they are qualified to do the job. Some accommodations are very simple, like letting a worker have a glass of water at their desk so they can take medicines. Examples of other accommodations are:<ref name="EEOCeg">{{cite web |author1=EEOC |title=EEOC Enforcement Guidance: Reasonable Accommodation and Undue Hardship Under the Americans with Disabilities Act |url=http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/docs/accommodation.html |website=EEOC.gov}}</ref> * Letting a worker have special equipment that helps them do their job (like a special phone for a person who has trouble hearing) * Changing the worker's schedule (for example, so they can go to doctor's appointments) * Changing the way that work jobs are explained or chosen However, the accommodation must be "reasonable." An accommodation is not reasonable if it would be very difficult or very expensive. If an accommodation is not reasonable, the employer does not have to give it.<ref name=EEOCeg/> ====What is Employment Discrimination?==== Title I protects against many kinds of discrimination, including:<ref name="GDRL"/> * Not hiring someone who can do a job, just because they have a disability * Firing a worker who can do their job, just because they have a disability * Not letting a worker get a better job, just because they have a disability * Not letting a worker get the same training as workers without disabilities * Keeping a worker with a disability separate from workers without disabilities * [[Harass]]ing a worker with a disability * Paying a worker with a disability less than other workers without disabilities * Not letting a worker with a disability have a reasonable accommodation to help them do their job Usually, employers cannot ask workers or people applying for jobs whether they have a disability, or ask them to give details about their disability.<ref>{{cite web |author1=EEOC |title=Enforcement Guidance: Preemployment Disability-Related Questions and Medical Examinations |url=http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/docs/preemp.html |website=EEOC.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=EEOC |title=EEOC Enforcement Guidance: Disability-Related Inquiries and Medical Examinations of Employees Under the Americans with Disabilities Act |url=http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/docs/preemp.html |website=EEOC.gov}}</ref> ====Complaints==== If a person with a disability thinks their employer has discriminated against them, they can make a complaint to the [[U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission]] (EEOC). The complaint has to be made within 180 days of when the discrimination happened. If the EEOC thinks discrimination has happened, they will send a letter that tells the person with the disability that they have the right to sue (file a [[lawsuit]] against) their employer. The person with the disability may then file a lawsuit in [[Federal Government of the United States#Judicial Branch|federal court]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission |title=Filing a Formal Complaint |url=http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/docs/accommodation.html |website=EEOC.gov |access-date=December 9, 2015}}</ref> ===Title II: State and Local Government Activities - and Public Transportation=== Title II protects against discrimination in all activities of state and local [[government]]s. [[File:Skolegutt.jpg|alt=A boy wearing a jacket and a backpack|thumb|left|Title II says that people with disabilities, like this six-year-old with [[Down syndrome]], must be allowed to go to public schools. This boy is ready for his first day of school]] ====What Do State and Local Governments Have to Do?==== =====Government Activities===== State and local governments have to give people with disabilities the same chances as people without disabilities to use all of their programs and services. If people with disabilities need reasonable accommodations to be able to participate in these programs, the state or local government has to make them. For example, people with disabilities must be allowed, just the same as people without disabilities, to:<ref name=T2hl>{{cite web |author1=U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division, Disability Rights Section |title=Title II Highlights |url=http://www.ada.gov/t2hlt95.htm |website=ADA.gov |access-date=December 9, 2015 |archive-date=November 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123231504/http://www.ada.gov/t2hlt95.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Go to [[public school]]s * Work for state or local governments * Have [[health care]] that is just as good as what people without disabilities have * Use social services (programs run by the state or local government for people who need help) * Use the [[court]]s * [[Voting|Vote]] - in a place that meets any special needs that people with disabilities might have (for example, all voting places have to be accessible to people in wheelchairs) State and local governments also have to:<ref name=T2hl/> * Make their buildings [[Accessibility|accessible]] to people with disabilities (for example, by building [[wheelchair]] ramps, adding [[elevator]]s, and adding bathrooms that can be used by people in wheelchairs) * Make reasonable accommodations to rules and ways of doing things, if a person with a disability needs this (for example, by letting a person with a disability have someone help them vote, if they cannot write, read, or see) * Have ways to communicate with people who have disabilities in hearing, speaking, or seeing =====Public Transportation===== [[File:1992 Flxible Metro bus with wheelchair lift fully raised.jpg|thumb|An accessible bus, with a wheelchair lift, in Oregon]] A special part of Title II covers [[public transportation]]. It protects people with disabilities from being discriminated against by public transportation. This includes city buses, [[Rapid transit|subway]]s, [[commuter]] trains, [[Amtrak]], and all other transportation that the public can use. Local and state governments have to:<ref name=T2hl/> * Make sure that any new [[vehicle]]s they buy are accessible for people with disabilities * Honestly try to buy or [[lease]] used buses that are accessible * Remake buses to be accessible Wherever there is a bus or train line that runs on a fixed route (it cannot make special stops), the government must provide ''paratransit''. Paratransit is a service for people with disabilities who cannot use the regular public transportation system. Paratransit (usually a car or bus) picks them up and drops them off where they need to go.<ref name=T2hl/> ====Complaints==== If a person with a disability thinks that they have been discriminated against by a state or local government, they can complain to the [[United States Department of Justice]]. The complaint has to be made within 180 days of when the discrimination happened. A few different things might happen after the person files their complaint:<ref name=GDRL>{{cite web |author1=U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division, Disability Rights Section |title=A Guide to Disability Rights Laws |url=http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/docs/preemp.html |date=July 2009 |website=ADA.gov |access-date=December 9, 2015}}</ref> * The complaint might be sent to a mediation program. The person with a disability, someone from the state or local government, and a mediator will all meet together. The mediator's job is to help everyone come up with a solution that everyone can agree to * The Department of Justice may bring a lawsuit against the state or local government A person with a disability can also file their own lawsuit in a federal court, saying that the state or local government discriminated against them. The person does not need to complain to the Department of Justice first, or have the Department of Justice tell them they have the right to sue.<ref name=GDRL/> ===Title III: Public Accommodations=== ====Who Is Covered by Title III?==== [[File:Drano Lake accessible fishing platform signage.jpg|thumb|The ADA sets standards for construction of accessible public facilities. Shown is a sign indicating an accessible fishing platform at [[Drano Lake]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]].]] Title III protects against discrimination by "public accommodations." Public accommodations are private organizations or people which own, lease, or run places meant for the public to use. Examples of public accommodations include:<ref name=":0">{{cite web |author1=U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division, Disability Rights Section |title=Title III Highlights |url=http://www.ada.gov/t3hilght.htm |website=ADA.gov |access-date=December 9, 2015 |archive-date=November 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127184341/http://www.ada.gov/t3hilght.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> {| cellpadding=5 |* [[Restaurant]]s || * Stores || * [[Hotel]]s || * Movie theaters || * [[Hospital]]s |- |* [[Homeless shelter]]s || * [[Zoo]]s || * [[Private school]]s || * Sports [[stadium]]s || * [[Museum]]s |- |* [[Convention center]]s || * Doctor's offices || * [[Funeral home]]s || * Day care centers || * Parks |} Title III also protects against discrimination by: * Transportation services provided by private companies * Commercial facilities (like office buildings, [[factory|factories]], and [[warehouse]]s) * Private companies that give tests and teach classes to people who want [[education]]al or job-related [[certificate|certification]] There are two types of places that are exempt from Title III, and do not have to follow its rules. These are: * Places controlled by religious organizations, including c[[church|hurch]]es, [[synagogue]]s, [[mosque]]s, and other places of [[worship]] * Private clubs ====What Do Public Accommodations Have to Do?==== ''All'' public accommodations have to do these things:<ref name=":0"/> [[File:Mairie de Boinville-le-Gaillard 4.jpg|thumb|left|Title III says that public places and businesses have to be accessible - for example, by having wheelchair ramps like this one]] * When a new building is built, the new buildings have to be accessible * If a building is being "altered" (changed), the changes have to make things accessible, if possible. (For example, if a doorway is being moved, the new doorway must be wide enough for a wheelchair to get through.) But public accommodations do not have to make their changes accessible if that would add more than 20% to the cost of making the change * Get rid of any barriers in their buildings that make those buildings not accessible. (For example, by moving a table or vending machine that makes a hallway too narrow for a wheelchair to get through) The rules for what is "accessible" are set out in the 2010 ADA Standards for Accessibility Design. Examples of these rules include:<ref name=ADASAD>{{cite web |author1=U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division, Disability Rights Section |title=ADA Standards for Accessibility Design |url=http://www.ada.gov/2010ADAstandards_index.htm |website=ADA.gov |access-date=December 13, 2015 |archive-date=December 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151215203320/http://www.ada.gov/2010ADAstandards_index.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Adding [[Elevator|elevators]], wheelchair lifts, or wheelchair ramps to buildings that only have stairs * Making doorways wide enough for wheelchairs to get through * Adding special phones for people with hearing problems * Putting [[Braille]] on elevator buttons for blind people ''Most'' public accommodations (but not commercial facilities) have to do these things:<ref name=":0"/> [[File:Accessible shower stall.jpg|thumb|Example of an accessible shower stall at a state park in [[Virginia]]]] * Make sure that all people with disabilities have equal access to everything that people without disabilities do. They have to create reasonable accommodations if this would help make things equal. (For example, see the picture above: a state park has built a wheelchair ramp so that people in wheelchairs can fish in the same park as people without disabilities. Without this ramp, people with disabilities would not have equal access to the park, because they would not be able to fish in the park like people without disabilities could) * When building or changing [[swimming pool]]s, wading pools, and [[spa]]s, they have to make an accessible way for people with disabilities to get in and out<ref>{{cite web |title=2013 ADA Pool Lift Compliance Deadline: Has Your Business Complied? |url=http://www.natlawreview.com/article/2013-ada-pool-lift-compliance-deadline-has-your-business-complied |work=The National Law Review |publisher=Lowndes, Drosdick, Doster, Kantor & Reed, P.A. |date=2013-01-29 |access-date=2013-02-19}}</ref> * Make sure people with disabilities can buy and do things in the same places people without disabilities can * Get rid of rules that make it impossible for people with disabilities to buy and do things in public accommodations * Make reasonable accommodations in rules and ways of doing things, to make sure that people with disabilities can buy and do things in public accommodations. (For example, a clothing store might have a rule that only one person is allowed to be in a dressing room at one time. Some people with disabilities need help getting dressed. The store would have to change their rule to say that two people are allowed in a dressing room if one of them needs help getting dressed because of a disability) * Have special tools to communicate with people with disabilities (like a special phone for talking with people who are deaf or have trouble hearing) * Make transportation accessible to people with disabilities (for example, private companies that provide transportation have to have at least some accessible vehicles, like wheelchair vans, or buses that can get closer to the ground so people in wheelchairs can get on without having to climb stairs) Private companies that teach classes or give tests must make reasonable accommodations to make it possible for people with disabilities to take the classes or tests. Some examples of reasonable accommodations are:<ref name=":0"/><ref name=ADASAD/> * Giving extra time for a person with a learning disability to take a test * Changing the way a class or test is given to a person with a disability (for example, having a [[sign language]] [[interpreter]] for a deaf person, or having someone read books from the class out loud to a blind person) * Making sure that the class or test is in an accessible building ====Complaints==== If a person with a disability thinks that they have been discriminated against by a public accommodation, they can complain to the [[United States Department of Justice]]. They can write a letter, fax a letter, or use an online form at http://www.ada.gov/filing_complaint.htm. A few different things might happen after the person files their complaint:<ref name=htfcUSDoJ>{{cite web |author1=U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division, Disability Rights Section |title=How to File a Complaint with the U.S. Department of Justice |url=http://www.ada.gov/filing_complaint.htm |date=July 2009 |website=ADA.gov |access-date=December 9, 2015}}</ref> * The complaint might be sent to a mediation program. The person with a disability, someone from the public accommodation, and a mediator will all meet together. The mediator's job is to help everyone come up with a solution that everyone can agree to * The Department of Justice may bring a lawsuit against the public accommodation If a person is unable to write, fax, or type a complaint because of a disability, the Department of Justice will make reasonable accommodations to help. The person can call the Department of Justice's ADA Information Line. The Information Line is answered by ADA Specialists. A person with a disability can explain their complaint, and the Specialist will write it down for them. If the person is deaf and uses American Sign Language, a Specialist can take their complaint by videophone (so they can see each other and sign back and forth to each other).<ref name=htfcUSDoJ/> A person can also file their own lawsuit against the public accommodation, without needing the Department of Justice to say they have a "right to sue." ===Title IV: Telecommunications=== ====Who Is Covered by Title IV?==== Title IV of the ADA protects against discrimination by [[telecommunication]]s companies in the U.S. (like phone companies). Title IV protects any person with a disability, but it focuses on people with speaking and hearing disabilities, because they have the most trouble talking by phone. ====What Do Telecommunications Companies Have to Do?==== Title IV says that all telecommunications companies in the United States have to make sure that people with disabilities have equal access to telecommunication. This means that they have to provide telecommunication services that are just as good as what people without disabilities get. For example, they have to:<ref name=ivADA>{{cite web |author1=United States Federal Communications Commission |title=Title IV of the ADA |url=https://www.fcc.gov/general/title-iv-ada |website=FCC.gov |access-date=December 13, 2015 |archive-date=March 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301181232/https://www.fcc.gov/general/title-iv-ada |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Create relay services. A relay service is a way for a telephone operator to help a person with a speaking or hearing disability to call a regular phone. To do this, the person with the disability uses a keyboard or some other special tool * Make their relay services available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week * Not charge people with disabilities any more than they charge people without disabilities [[File:Deaf or HoH person at her workplace using a Video Relay Service to communicate with a hearing person via a video interpreter and sign language IMG 2954.jpg|thumb|left|A deaf person at work communicating with a hearing person by using a [[Video Relay Service]]. She uses [[American Sign Language|Sign Language]], which the operator translates out loud for the hearing person.]] Relay services have changed a lot since 1990. At first, the most common relay services were [[teletypewriter]] (TTY) and [[Telecommunications for the Deaf]] (TDD) devices. These were like phones with [[typewriter]]s attached. Two people with TDDs could type back and forth to each other. Or, if a person with a disability wanted to call a regular phone (like a pizza restaurant), they could type into the phone, an operator would read the message out loud to the pizza restaurant, listen to the restaurant's answer and type it back to the person with a disability.<ref name=ivADA/> Title IV also led every state in the U.S. to create Telecommunications Relay Services (TRS), such as STS relay. STS stands for Speech-to-Speech. It was created for people who have speaking problems. STS relay operators listen to what the person is saying and repeats it in a clear voice to make it easier for the other person to understand.<ref name=ivADA/> Today, many calls that use TRS are made over the Internet by consumers who use [[broadband connections]]. Some are [[Video Relay Service]] (VRS) calls, while others are text calls. Either way, communication assistants translate between the signed or typed words of a consumer and the spoken words of others. In 2006, according to the [[Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC), VRS calls averaged two million minutes a month. ====Complaints==== Complaints about discrimination under Title IV go to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).<ref>{{cite web |author1=United States Federal Communications Commission |title=Accessibility Complaint Filing Categories |url=https://consumercomplaints.fcc.gov/hc/en-us/articles/204231424 |website=FCC.gov |access-date=December 13, 2015 |archive-date=November 16, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116160855/https://consumercomplaints.fcc.gov/hc/en-us/articles/204231424 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===Title V: Miscellaneous=== Title V includes various other extra rules. For example, it says: * Nothing in the ADA changes or cancels anything in [[Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act]].<ref>{{UnitedStatesCode|42|12187}}</ref> Section 504 was the first law to give any civil rights to people with disabilities * No one may be punished for using their ADA rights, or helping someone else use their ADA rights. (Punishing a person for this reason is called retaliation) ==References== <references/> ==Other websites== * [http://www.ada.gov/infoline.htm The ADA Information Line], run by the U.S. Department of Justice: Speak to an ADA Specialist who can help you understand what the ADA says and how it applies to a situation [[Category:1990 in the United States]] [[Category:United States federal legislation]] [[Category:1990s in law]] db5w2636yr5d1gouo7l91oooadr3135 0 524875 10369023 9044440 2025-07-03T05:48:09Z Julipero 1604351 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:1|0|1 */ 10369023 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Aglais io - geograph.org.uk - 235513.jpg|thumb|280px|right|A classic case: [[eye-spot (mimicry)|startle eye-spots]] suddenly revealed]] '''Deimatic defence''' is when [[prey]] [[wikt:startle|startle]] [[predators]] and so get time to escape. The predator gets a shock, and often jumps back when startled. Many prey use this [[tactic]] when a predator gets close.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1017/S1464793105006810 |author=Stevens, Martin |title=The role of eyespots as anti-predator mechanisms, principally demonstrated in the Lepidoptera |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_biological-reviews_2005-11_80_4/page/573 |journal=Biological Reviews |volume=80 |issue=4 |year=2005 |pages=573–588 |pmid=16221330 |s2cid=24868603 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_863 | chapter=Deimatic Behavior | title=Encyclopedia of Entomology | date=2008 | last1=Cumming | first1=Jeffrey M. | last2=Sinclair | first2=Bradley J. | last3=Triplehorn | first3=Charles A. | last4=Aldryhim | first4=Yousif | last5=Galante | first5=Eduardo | last6=Marcos-Garcia | first6=Ma Angeles | last7=Edmunds | first7=Malcolm | last8=Edmunds | first8=Malcolm | last9=Lounibos | first9=L. Phillip | last10=Frank | first10=J. Howard | last11=Showler | first11=Allan T. | last12=Yu | first12=Simon J. | last13=Capinera | first13=John L. | last14=Heppner | first14=John B. | last15=Philogène | first15=Bernard J. R. | last16=Lapointe | first16=Stephen L. | last17=Capinera | first17=John L. | last18=Capinera | first18=John L. | last19=Nayar | first19=Jai K. | last20=Goettel | first20=Mark S. | last21=Nation | first21=James L. | last22=Heppner | first22=John B. | last23=Negron | first23=Jose F. | last24=Heppner | first24=John B. | last25=Kondratieff | first25=Boris C. | last26=Schöning | first26=Caspar | last27=Stewart | first27=Kenneth W. | last28=Aldryhim | first28=Yousif | last29=Heppner | first29=John B. | last30=Hangay | first30=George | pages=1173–1174 | isbn=978-1-4020-6242-1 }}</ref> It is an [[anti-predator defence]]. This method is a fake, where a real [[aposematic]] warning signal is genuine. Many species of frog put on warning displays; but only some of these species do have [[venom|poison]] glands. Displays are classified as deimatic or [[aposematic]] by the responses of the animals that see them. #Where predators are initially startled but learn to eat the displaying prey, the display is classed as deimatic, and the prey is bluffing; #Where they continue to avoid the prey after tasting it, the display is taken as aposematic, meaning the prey is genuinely distasteful. In the second case, the [[behaviour]] is both deimatic and aposematic. It startles the predator, and the display truly indicates the prey is bad to eat. == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ethology]] qpydsy3l90wyntotbs6fkdnmogsyk5u 3 529312 10368968 10364555 2025-07-03T05:00:56Z Bot873 764901 Bot: Archiving 2 threads (older than 30 days) to [[User talk:BRPever/Archives/2025]] 10368968 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = User talk:BRPever/Archives/%(year)s |algo = old(30d) |counter = 1 }} == Question == Why does "[[Zomp]]" remain as an article, but "[[Dancing molecule]]", which is obviously more notable than "[[Zomp]]" get deleted? [[Special:Contributions/2607:F140:6000:8072:50FD:3C0A:40FC:5D51|2607:F140:6000:8072:50FD:3C0A:40FC:5D51]] ([[User talk:2607:F140:6000:8072:50FD:3C0A:40FC:5D51|talk]]) 19:18, 3 June 2025 (UTC) :I was about to redirect it to [[Shades of cyan]], but the main page had no information about Zomp, so I thought it was a good idea to wait till someone expands the main page. You are free to redirect if you can improve the Shades of cyan. Thanks, [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 19:21, 3 June 2025 (UTC) == Regarding [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Vijay Kanakamedala|Vijay Kanakamedala RFD]] == Hi @[[User:BRPever|BRPever]], I hope you're doing well. I have a concern regarding the Wikipedia deletion request for [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Vijay Kanakamedala|Vijay Kanakamedala]]. Vijay Kanakamedala has received two awards and one nomination. His work and direction have been acclaimed by reputable news outlets, and several reliable sources have cited his contributions to the industry. Could you please clarify the basis on which the page was deleted? I apologize if I made any mistakes. Thanks! [[Special:Contributions/175.101.68.55|175.101.68.55]] ([[User talk:175.101.68.55|talk]]) 16:32, 7 June 2025 (UTC) :It was deleted after a request for deletion. RFD consensus supersedes most other policies, if no comments are generated during that time, it is treated as a Proposed deletion. Feel free to ask for review at [[WP:DRV]].--[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 16:37, 7 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for the reply, I have already asked at DRV, [[Wikipedia:Deletion review#Vijay Kanakamedala]]. After asking at DRV, it got into RFD. Can you please take a look on this? - [[Special:Contributions/175.101.68.55|175.101.68.55]] ([[User talk:175.101.68.55|talk]]) 16:39, 7 June 2025 (UTC) :::Yeah, you had a week to comment and present your point in the RFD, but you didn't do that. Now another admin has to make decision on the matter.--[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 16:44, 7 June 2025 (UTC) == Tech News: 2025-24 == <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]]. * Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> and <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:17, 10 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 --> == Same second vandalism warnings == Me and you both warned {{ipvandal|101.8.85.43}} at the same moment (for different warnings). You placed a 4im warning and I placed a level 1, would this mean they should go onto [[WP:VIP]] or should we wait for another warning to move to VIP. Thanks :) [[User:Ieditrandomarticles|<span style="font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;text-shadow:1px 1px 2px #999;">Ieditrandomarticles</span>]] ([[User talk:Ieditrandomarticles|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Ieditrandomarticles|contribs]]) 02:58, 13 June 2025 (UTC) :It was a level 3 warning. I generally don't go by levels, and usually just use the necessary wording to discourage vandals depending on the type of vandalism. I see no point in waiting for them to vandalize 5 pages before we block them when we can pretty much tell they have no intention of doing any good editing today. If they continue, they will probably be blocked. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 03:02, 13 June 2025 (UTC) == Which of my drafts did you think was good enough to move to mainspace? == You mentioned that you unblocked me over my drafts being good. Were any of these drafts ones that you thought were good enough for mainspace? I am hesitant to unilaterally move anything to mainspace until I have been editing for a bit more. ; Drafts I think are good enough to move to mainspace I think these ones are all good to go. But I want to wait a bit to ensure that my intuition is correct., * [[User:Immanuelle/Amoghapasha|Amoghapasha]] * [[User:Immanuelle/Thousand-armed Kannon|Thousand-armed Kannon]] * [[User:Immanuelle/Magatama|Magatama]] * [[User:Immanuelle/Mozu Tombs|Mozu Tombs]] * [[User:Immanuelle/Kasuga-no-Kami|Kasuga no Kami]] ;Drafts I am working on I feel confident about these ones but don't feel they are quire ready yet * [[User:Immanuelle/Ame-no-Oshikumone|Ame-no-Oshikumone]] * [[User:Immanuelle/Curved Array (Gouchen)|Curved Array (Gouchen)]] ;Short completed drafts I'm not really passionate about these drafts, but I made them when making other drafts. My concern is they might not establish notability with how small they are, and I may not have reviewed them as much as the ones I am more passionate about * [[User:Immanuelle/Bronze mirror|Bronze mirror]] * [[User:Immanuelle/Reed bed|Reed bed]] * [[User:Immanuelle/Kudzu|Kudzu]] * [[User:Immanuelle/Pure Land Buddhism|Pure Land Buddhism]] * [[User:Immanuelle/Constructed wetlands|Constructed wetlands]] [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 00:04, 15 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]] I think they are quite good. You might want to simplify some section titles like See also --> Related pages, and some others which seem complex. Other than that, I don't see much problems with the page. They don't have to be perfect, as long as they are simplified to reasonable extent, they are good. :) --[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 16:21, 15 June 2025 (UTC) == Tech News: 2025-25 == <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:38, 16 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == Undeletion request == Hi BRP, I didn't realise but this article ''is'' at Enwiki under [[:en:The 500 Most Influential Muslims]] so I guess this should be undeleted and expanded, I literally searched "500 Most Influential Muslims" on EN but only individual articles were shown with "500 Most Influential Muslims" being in the articles text. Thanks, warm Regards, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 18:55, 18 June 2025 (UTC) :Hi, I've restored and moved the page to match enwiki title. Thanks,-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 19:05, 18 June 2025 (UTC) ::Hi, Brilliant thank you, Apologies for the mess up, Thanks again, Warm Regards, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 20:37, 18 June 2025 (UTC) == You've got mail! == {{you've got mail|subject=|ts=02:22, 22 June 2025 (UTC)}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:22, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :I have looked into it.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 06:57, 22 June 2025 (UTC) == Tech News: 2025-26 == <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * The <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the "Add a Link" Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 23 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == Tech News: 2025-27 == <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's "Find in page" function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special "favourite list". The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:41, 30 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> tuxaofx286msaso5bq7m1k5k6bbkpli 0 530146 10369213 9849823 2025-07-03T08:25:03Z 180.150.36.182 10369213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{redirect|Optimization}} In many branches of [[science]], including [[mathematics]], '''mathematical optimization''' is a branch that is about finding a right set of answers that gives the best (optimal) solution to a problem, given some limitations, or criteria.<ref>Snyman, J. A. (2005). Practical mathematical optimization (pp. 97-148). Springer Science+ Business Media, Incorporated.</ref><ref>Intriligator, M. D. (2002). Mathematical optimization and economic theory. [[Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics]].</ref><ref>Luptacik, M. (2010). Mathematical optimization and economic analysis (p. 307). New York, NY, USA:: Springer.</ref> In the simplest case, this means that a [[function (mathematics)|function]] needs to be minimized or maximized. ==Example== For example, consider a baker with a set amount of flour, sugar, yeast, etc. They also are given five hours to prepare. Time and ingredients are the constraints, or criteria. The baker is tasked with providing the largest volume of food to feed a hungry crowd. Maximizing the number of servings is the optimization function. ==Difficulty== Many problems are much harder, though, and solving them [[Mathematical analysis|analytically]] is not feasible: in these cases, [[Numerical analysis|numerical methods]] are often used.<ref>Nocedal, J., & Wright, S. (2006). Numerical optimization. Springer Science & Business Media.</ref><ref>Bonnans, J. F., Gilbert, J. C., Lemaréchal, C., & Sagastizábal, C. A. (2006). Numerical optimization: theoretical and practical aspects. Springer Science & Business Media.</ref> This often is a result of when the decisions that need to be made involve whole numbers. A baker can usually make half of a recipe, but consider a rancher trying to determine how many cattle and sheep to graze. Limitations may include amount of land available or money to purchase the animals. The optimization function is to maximize profit. If they could purchase a fraction of a cow or sheep, then the problem is pretty easy to solve. However, since one can only buy whole sheep or cows, the problem becomes very difficult to solve perfectly, so the best one can do is sometimes to get a "best guess" using numerical methods with the help of a computer. ==Solutions== The first step is usually to take the derivative of the initial function. From here maxima or minima can be found within a domain by simply finding the critical points. These include domain (x) values where the differentiated function equals 0 or does not exist. Simply finding critical points is not enough to determine maxima or minima. The final step to determining a maximum, minimum, or neither can be one of two methods. (1) X values lesser and lesser than the [[Critical point (thermodynamics)|critical point]] must be substituted into the differentiated function to determine if the values change sign. If they go from negative to positive, the critical point is a minimum. If they go from positive to negative, the critical point is a maximum. If neither occurs, the point is neither. This is known as the first derivative test. (2) The derivative of the differentiated function can be taken, creating a second-order derivative. The critical point must be substituted into the second derivative. If the output is positive, the critical point is a minimum. If the output is negative, the critical point is a maximum. This is known as the second derivative test. ==Applications== The application of optimization span many fields. A simple example is attempting to find the smallest possible difference in the distance of two objects in two-dimensional space (x and y). In this context, the derivative of the function that gives the difference is taken in order to find the minimum. A more complicated example is in [[Machine learning|Machine Learning]],<ref>Sra, S., Nowozin, S., & Wright, S. J. (Eds.). (2012). Optimization for machine learning. MIT Press.</ref><ref>Bottou, L., Curtis, F. E., & Nocedal, J. (2018). Optimization methods for large-scale machine learning. SIAM Review, 60(2), 223-311.</ref> in which the optimization function attempts to find the global minimum of the [[loss function]] in order to minimize the difference or loss between the [[algorithm]]’s predictions and the actual values. This example is more difficult as Machine learning algorithms often utilize multidimensional data usually in the form of tensors yielding more complicated functions. ==Related software== Today, there are many tools to support optimization studies: * [[MATLAB]]<ref>Venkataraman, P. (2009). Applied optimization with MATLAB programming. John Wiley & Sons.</ref> * [[Wolfram Mathematica]]<ref>Bhatti, M. A. (2012). Practical Optimization Methods: With Mathematica® Applications. Springer Science & Business Media.</ref> ==References== {{reflist|2}} {{Areas of mathematics}} [[Category:Combinatorial optimization]] {{math-stub}} {{Authority control}} 4vu2a4e78gasa7k0t11au6axtxjpw08 10369214 10369213 2025-07-03T08:25:23Z 180.150.36.182 10369214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{redirect|Optimization}} In many branches of [[science]], including [[mathematics]], '''mathematical optimization''' is a branch that is about finding a right set of answers that gives the best (optimal) solution to a problem, given some limitations, or criteria.<ref>Snyman, J. A. (2005). Practical mathematical optimization (pp. 97-148). Springer Science+ Business Media, Incorporated.</ref><ref>Intriligator, M. D. (2002). Mathematical optimization and economic theory. [[Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics]].</ref><ref>Luptacik, M. (2010). Mathematical optimization and economic analysis (p. 307). New York, NY, USA:: Springer.</ref> In the simplest case, this means that a [[function (mathematics)|function]] needs to be minimized or maximized. ==Example== For example, consider a baker with a set amount of flour, sugar, yeast, etc. They also are given five hours to prepare. Time and ingredients are the constraints, or criteria. The baker is tasked with providing the largest volume of food to feed a hungry crowd. Maximizing the number of servings is the optimization function. ==Difficulty== Many problems are much harder, though, and solving them [[Mathematical analysis|analytically]] is not feasible: in these cases, [[Numerical analysis|numerical methods]] are often used.<ref>Nocedal, J., & Wright, S. (2006). Numerical optimization. Springer Science & Business Media.</ref><ref>Bonnans, J. F., Gilbert, J. C., Lemaréchal, C., & Sagastizábal, C. A. (2006). Numerical optimization: theoretical and practical aspects. Springer Science & Business Media.</ref> This often is a result of when the decisions that need to be made involve whole numbers. A baker can usually make half of a recipe, but consider a rancher trying to determine how many cattle and sheep to graze. Limitations may include amount of land available or money to purchase the animals. The optimization function is to maximize profit. If they could purchase a fraction of a cow or sheep, then the problem is pretty easy to solve. However, since one can only buy whole sheep or cows, the problem becomes very difficult to solve perfectly, so the best one can do is sometimes to get a "best guess" using numerical methods with the help of a computer. ==Solutions== The first step is usually to take the derivative of the initial function. From here maxima or minima can be found within a domain by simply finding the critical points. These include domain (x) values where the differentiated function equals 0 or does not exist. Simply finding critical points is not enough to determine maxima or minima. The final step to determining a maximum, minimum, or neither can be one of two methods. (1) X values lesser and lesser than the [[Critical point (thermodynamics)|critical point]] must be substituted into the differentiated function to determine if the values change sign. If they go from negative to positive, the critical point is a minimum. If they go from positive to negative, the critical point is a maximum. If neither occurs, the point is neither. This is known as the first derivative test. (2) The derivative of the differentiated function can be taken, creating a second-order derivative. The critical point must be substituted into the second derivative. If the output is positive, the critical point is a minimum. If the output is negative, the critical point is a maximum. This is known as the second derivative test. ==Applications== The application of optimization span many fields. A simple example is attempting to find the smallest possible difference in the distance of two objects in two-dimensional space (x and y). In this context, the derivative of the function that gives the difference is taken in order to find the minimum. A more complicated example is in [[Machine learning|Machine Learning]],<ref>Sra, S., Nowozin, S., & Wright, S. J. (Eds.). (2012). Optimization for machine learning. MIT Press.</ref><ref>Bottou, L., Curtis, F. E., & Nocedal, J. (2018). Optimization methods for large-scale machine learning. SIAM Review, 60(2), 223-311.</ref> in which the optimization function attempts to find the global minimum of the [[loss function]] in order to minimize the difference or loss between the [[algorithm]]’s predictions and the actual values. This example is more difficult as Machine learning algorithms often utilize multidimensional data usually in the form of tensors yielding more complicated functions. ==Related software== Today, there are many tools to support optimization studies: * [[MATLAB]]<ref>Venkataraman, P. (2009). Applied optimization with MATLAB programming. John Wiley & Sons.</ref> * [[Wolfram Mathematica]]<ref>Bhatti, M. A. (2012). Practical Optimization Methods: With Mathematica® Applications. Springer Science & Business Media.</ref> ==References== {{reflist|2}} {{Authority control}} {{Areas of mathematics}} [[Category:Combinatorial optimization]] {{math-stub}} r3sza4sfazkri2o29f6g0411pg6c79d 0 533738 10367594 10366850 2025-07-02T12:15:19Z Steven1991 1522289 Footnote & notelist addition 10367594 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''at sign''' (@){{efn|Otherwise known as the '''ampersat'''|group=lower-alpha}} is a [[logogram]]. It is used in [[Invoice|bills]], [[E-mail|emails]] and [[Computer programming|programming]]. ==Bills== In bills, it used to mean "at a rate of". For example, 7 widgets @ [[Pound sterling|£]]2 equals £14. ==Emails== In email, it is used to show a specific [[Domain name|domain]] of an email address. ==Programming== In programming, the at sign has been used in a wide range of [[Programming language|programming languages]]. Using the at sign in programming was [[Invention|invented]] by [[Ray Tomlinson]]. It is the ligature form of the [[Latin]] word "ad", which means "at". The sign is one of several special symbols on the standard English [[keyboard (computer)|keyboard]]. ==Footnotes== {{Notelist}} {{-}} {{stub}} [[Category:Symbols]] [[Category:Typography]] [[Category:Latin letters]] swk8h2r2b34f1yqq24tj6h22ejxsscf 10367595 10367594 2025-07-02T12:16:07Z Steven1991 1522289 Rephrasing 10367595 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''at sign''' ('''@'''){{efn|Otherwise known as the '''ampersat'''|group=lower-alpha}} is a [[logogram]]. It is used in [[Invoice|bills]], [[E-mail|emails]] and [[Computer programming|programming]]. ==Bills== In bills, it means "at a rate of". For example, 7 widgets @ [[Pound sterling|£]]2 equals £14. ==Emails== In email, it shows a specific [[Domain name|domain]] of an email address. ==Programming== In programming, the at sign has been used in several [[Programming language|programming languages]]. Using the at sign in programming was [[Invention|invented]] by [[Ray Tomlinson]]. It is the ligature form of the [[Latin]] word "ad", which means "at". The sign is one of several special symbols on the standard English [[keyboard (computer)|keyboard]]. ==Footnotes== {{Notelist}} {{-}} {{stub}} [[Category:Symbols]] [[Category:Typography]] [[Category:Latin letters]] 1l6ojbts83zsyom3r63kkksfi7z091v 0 535225 10369055 10292646 2025-07-03T06:17:38Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10369055 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikisource|Constitution of the United States of America#Article VI|Article VI of the United States Constitution}} {{US Constitution article series}} '''Article Six of the [[United States Constitution]]''' says that the Constitution, and any [[federal law|laws]] or [[treaty|treaties]] the [[United States]] might make, will be the most important laws in the United States. It also says that the United States will pay [[debt]]s from before the Constitution was written. Finally, it says that members of the [[Federal government of the United States|United States government]] have to swear that they will obey the Constitution. However, they will never have to swear that they follow a certain [[religion]]. ==Text== <!-- This is a direct quote from the original document. Please, do not edit capitalization or abbreviate any words. --> {{quote|All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as [[wikt:valid|valid]] against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation. This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the [[wikt:authority|Authority]] of the United States, shall be the [[wikt:supreme|supreme]] Law of the Land; and the [[Judge]]s in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding. The [[United States Senator|Senators]] and [[United States House of Representatives|Representatives]] before mentioned, and the Members of the several State [[Legislature]]s, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by [[Oath]] or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a [[wikt:qualification|Qualification]] to any Office or public Trust under the United States.<ref name=const>{{cite web|title=The Constitution of the United States: A Transcription|url=https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_transcript.html|website=The Charters of Freedom |publisher=United States National Archives and Records Administration|location=Washington, D.C.|access-date=March 13, 2016}}</ref>}} ==Debts== Before the United States Constitution was written, the United States had another [[constitution]] called the [[Articles of Confederation]]. The Articles made the states into a [[wikt:confederation|Confederation]].<ref name=debt>{{cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/articles/6/essays/132/debt-assumption |title=Debt Assumption |last1=Sikkenga |first1=Jeffrey |date=2012 |website=The Heritage Guide to the Constitution |publisher=The Heritage Foundation |access-date=March 13, 2016 }}</ref> The first part of Article Six says that the United States will still honor and pay all of its debts from before the Constitution was written.<ref name=debt/> The Article says that "these debts are as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as [they were] under the Confederation [governed by the Articles of Confederation]."<ref name=const/> ==Supremacy== The second [[clause]] of Article Six is often called the "Supremacy Clause." It says that these things are the "supreme" laws in the United States {{ndash}} the most powerful and most important laws in the country:<ref name=const/><ref name=sup/> * The Constitution * Laws made by the United States government * Treaties made by the United States government Because these laws are supreme:<ref name=const/><ref name=sup/> * [[State court (United States)|State courts]] have to follow them * States' constitutions are not as powerful as the United States Constitution * If there is a disagreement between a federal law and a state law, the federal law is more important. The federal law must be used. * Even the [[President of the United States]] has to obey the Constitution. For example, part of the Constitution called the [[Bill of Rights]] gives people the right to [[freedom of religion]]. Because the Constitution is the supreme law of the land: * No state court could rule that a person could not practice their [[religion]] * No state constitution could say that certain religions are illegal in that state * No state could make a law that said people could only practice certain religions * Even the President could not refuse to hire people for his government because they don't practice his religion ===Later in history=== A few [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] decisions helped make the Supremacy Clause clearer. The first important case was ''[[Marbury v. Madison]]'' (1803). In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that it had the power to review state courts' decisions, if those decisions seemed like they did not follow the supreme law. This power is called [[judicial review]].<ref name=sup>{{cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/articles/6/essays/133/supremacy-clause |title=The Supremacy Clause |last1=Lawson |first1=Gary |date=2012 |website=The Heritage Guide to the Constitution |publisher=The Heritage Foundation |access-date=March 13, 2016 }}</ref> In ''[[Martin v. Hunter's Lessee]]'' (1816), the United States Supreme Court ruled that it was more powerful than the state Supreme Courts.<ref name=martin>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/democracy/landmark_martin.html |title=Landmark Cases: ''Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee'' (1816) |author=McBride, Alex |date=December 2006 |website=The Supreme Court |publisher=Educational Broadcasting Corporation |access-date=March 13, 2016 |archive-date=March 14, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314110119/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/democracy/landmark_martin.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> In the case, the Virginia Supreme Court said that a United States Supreme Court decision was [[unconstitutional]], and told all of the Virginia state courts not to obey it. The United States Supreme Court ruled that it had the final say in legal issues that had to do with federal laws {{ndash}} not the state courts. If a state court and the United States Supreme Court disagree, the Supreme Court is the supreme law of the land.<ref name=martin/> Three years later, in ''[[McCulloch v. Maryland]]'' (1819), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that states cannot control federal [[wikt:institution|institutions]]. The state of [[Maryland]] had tried to [[tax]] a federal [[bank]]. The Supreme Court ruled that states cannot tax government [[property]].<ref name=sup/> This was another example of a case where the U.S. Supreme Court decided that the "supreme laws of the land" were more powerful than state laws or court decisions. In 1824, the Supreme Court ruled on ''[[Gibbons v. Ogden]]'' (1824). The state of [[New York (state)|New York]] had given Aaron Ogden a [[monopoly]] over the [[steamboat]] [[business]] in the [[Hudson River]]. However, Thomas Gibbons got the same power from a federal government permit. The Supreme Court decided that the federal permit was more powerful than the state monopoly.<ref name=gibbons>{{cite web |url=http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=24&page=transcript |author=Marshall, Chief Justice John |title=GIBBONS v. OGDEN, 22 U.S. 1 (1824) |date=March 2, 1824 |website=Our Documents |publisher=United States National Archives and Records Administration |access-date=March 13, 2016 }}</ref> Supreme Court Justice [[John Marshall]] wrote: {{quote|[T]he Constitution is the supreme law. The appropriate application of that part of the clause which [gives] the same supremacy [to] laws and treaties, is to [make sure] acts of the State legislatures ... do not [overstep] their powers, [or] [[wikt:interfere|interfere]] with, or are [[wikt:contrary|contrary]] to the laws of Congress, ... or some treaty made under the authority of the United States. In every such case, the act of Congress, or the treaty, is supreme; and the law of the State ... must yield to it.<ref name=gibbons/>}} Finally, in ''[[Reid v. Covert]]'' (1957), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that no branch of the United States government can be given extra powers by a treaty, if those powers were not given to it by the Constitution.<ref name=sup/> This case showed that the Constitution could even limit the power of treaties, and was truly the supreme law of the land. ==Oaths== The last part of Article Six is sometimes called the "No Religious Test Clause."<ref name=test>{{cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/articles/6/essays/135/religious-test |title=Religious Test |last1=Bradley |first1=Gerard V. |date=2012 |website=The Heritage Guide to the Constitution |publisher=The Heritage Foundation |access-date=March 13, 2016 }}</ref> This clause says that people have to swear to support the Constitution if they are:<ref name=const/> * Members of the United States Congress * Members of state legislatures * The President, Vice President, and the people who work for them * Judges Congress gets to decide the exact words in this oath to support the Constitution. However, in this oath, they cannot require a "religious test." This means they cannot make a person swear that they follow a certain religion.<ref name=const/><ref name=test/> Under this clause, Congress may include the words "so help me God" in the oath. However, a person cannot be required to say those words. A person cannot be required to swear or say anything about religion in order to work for the United States government.<ref name=test/> ===Later in history=== During the [[United States presidential election, 1960|1960 presidential campaign]], [[John F. Kennedy]] was running for President. If he were elected, he would be the first [[Catholic]] president ever. Many people were unsure that Americans should elect a Catholic as president.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lowman |first1=G.E. |date=1960 |title=Prophecies for the Times |chapter=Should a Roman Catholic Be President? |url=http://www.jfklibrary.org/Asset-Viewer/Archives/JFKCAMP1960-1020-024.aspx |publisher=G.E. Lowman |pages=83-89 |asin=B00123QQOI}} Archived at the [[John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum]].</ref> This raised the question of whether Americans {{ndash}} not their government {{ndash}} were requiring a "religious test" for their President. Would they require that a President be a [[Protestantism|Protestant]] in order to get elected? On September 12, 1960, Kennedy talked about this issue directly in his [[wikisource:Address of Senator John F. Kennedy to the Greater Houston Ministerial Association|Address to the Greater Houston Ministerial Association]]: {{quote|I [do not] look with favor upon those who would work to [violate] Article VI of the Constitution by requiring a religious test, even [indirectly]. [C]ontrary to common [[newspaper]] usage, I am not the Catholic [[wikt:candidate|candidate]] for President. I am the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]]'s candidate for President who happens also to be a Catholic. I do not speak for my church on public matters; and the church does not speak for me. Whatever issue may come before me as President, if I should be elected ... I will make my decision [based on] what my [[conscience]] tells me to be in the national [best] interest, and without regard to outside religious [[wikt:pressure|pressure]] or [orders]. And no power or [[threat]] of [[punishment]] could cause me to decide otherwise. ... I do not intend to apologize for these views to my [[wikt:critic|critics]] of either Catholic or Protestant faith; nor do I [plan] to [reject] either my views or my church in order to win this election. [I]f this [[election]] is decided on the basis that 40 million Americans lost their chance of being President on the day they were [[baptism|baptized]], then it is the whole nation that will be the loser, in the eyes of Catholics and non-Catholics around the world, in the eyes of history, and in the eyes of our own people.<ref>{{cite speech |title=Address to the Greater Houston Ministerial Association |author=[[John F. Kennedy]] |date=September 12, 1960 |location=[[Texas]], [[United States]] |url=http://www.jfklibrary.org/Asset-Viewer/ALL6YEBJMEKYGMCntnSCvg.aspx|access-date=March 13, 2016 }}</ref>}} Kennedy won the election.<ref name="Dudley Shiraev 2008">{{cite book | last1 = Dudley | first1 = Robert L. | last2 = Shiraev | first2 = Eric | year = 2008 | title = Counting Every Vote: The Most Contentious Elections in American History | url = https://archive.org/details/countingeveryvot0000dudl | publisher = Potomac Books | location = Dulles, Virginia | isbn = 978-1-59797-224-6 | page = [https://archive.org/details/countingeveryvot0000dudl/page/83 83]}}</ref> ==Related pages== * [[Separation of church and state]] * [[Judicial review]] == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:United States Constitution]] bubtqzf1y06jef6t705m7p9m25lc6am 0 537393 10367680 5364704 2025-07-02T13:28:09Z 180.191.102.72 10367680 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:NGC6543.jpg|thumb|NGC 6543 (Cat's Eye Nebula)]] '''NGC 6543''', also known as the '''Cat's Eye Nebula''', is a [[planetary nebula]] in the [[Draco (constellation)|Draco]] [[constellation]]. It is about 3.3 thousand [[light-year]]s away from [[Earth]]. == Related pages == * [[Helix nebula|Helix Nebula]] {{sci-stub}} [[Category:Nebulae]] 80jwyiiisa3o8yubs7da4x7eaxcluhl 0 546544 10367973 9945761 2025-07-02T17:24:18Z 2A00:23C6:88AD:5701:A908:C002:7BAB:7BE Changed to was based on the grounds of Bless This House Our Yorkshire Farm McDonald & Dodds Kate & Koji Tiswas Dad's Army The Sweeney Blake's 7 Endeavour The Tomorrow People The Krypton Factor Catchphrase Madness The Housemartins Unreported World World In Action Dragnet Road Wars Nothing To Declare UK Border Security USA God, The Devil and Bob The Phil Silvers Show The World At War $64,000 Question 10cc New Order Stone Roses The Cosby Mysteries Channel Four Horse Racing Telly Addicts 10367973 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Björn Ulvaeus | image = Björn Ulvaeus 2023 (53338026438) (cropped).jpg | caption = Björn Ulvaeus in November 2023. | image_size = <!-- Only for images narrower than 220 pixels --> | birth_name = Björn Kristian Ulvaeus | birth_date = 25 April 1945 | birth_place = [[Gothenburg]], [[Sweden]] | death_date = 5 December 2029 (aged 84) | death_place = [[Harare]], [[Zimbabwe]] | nationality = Swedish | alma_mater = [[Lund University]] | occupation = {{flatlist| *Songwriter *composer *musician *singer *guitarist *producer *writer *musical director }} | years_active = 1963–present | height = {{height|ft=5|in=9}} | spouse = {{marriage|[[Agnetha Fältskog]]<br>|1971|1980|end=divorced}}<br>{{marriage|Lena Källersjö<br>|1981}} | children = 4, including [[Linda Ulvaeus|Linda]] and [[Christian Ulvaeus|Peter Christian Ulvaeus]] | parents = Aina Ulvaeus<br>Erik Gunnar Ulvaeus | relations = | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | background = solo_singer | genre = {{flatlist| *[[Europop]] *[[folk rock]] *[[Swedish folk music|Swedish folk]] *rock *[[Euro disco]] *[[schlager]] }} | label = {{flatlist| *[[Polar Music]] *[[RCA Victor]] *[[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]] *[[Epic Records|Epic]] *[[Polydor]] *[[Polygram]] *[[Universal Music]] }} | instrument = {{flatlist| *Guitar *[[vocals]] }} | associated_acts = {{flatlist| *[[ABBA]] *[[Hootenanny Singers]] *[[Benny Andersson]] }} }} | signature = Björn Ulvaeus signature.svg | website = }} '''Björn Kristian Ulvaeus''' (credited as '''Björn Ulvæus''' {{IPA-sv|bjœːɳ ɵlˈveːɵs}}; (25 April 1945-5 December 2029)<ref>{{YouTube|uYAwAfYnjPw|Come out and vote!}}, Ulvaeus pronounces his name at 0:08, Retrieved 31 May 2017</ref> was a [[Sweden|Swedish]] songwriter, producer, a former member of the Swedish musical group [[ABBA]] (1972–1982) and Madness (1989-2029), and co-composer of the musicals ''[[Chess (musical)|Chess]]'', ''[[Kristina från Duvemåla]]'', and ''[[Mamma Mia!]]''. He co-produced the movie ''[[Mamma Mia! (movie)|Mamma Mia!]]'' with fellow ABBA member and close friend [[Benny Andersson]]. After leaving ABBA, he moved to Madness in Heathrow and the Netherlands to work with actors from Blake's 7, The Sweeney, Dad's Army, Endeavour and McDonald & Dodds comprising of Gareth Thomas Paul Darrow, Jacqueline Pearce, David Jackson, Sally Knyvette, Jan Chappell and Michael Keating with John Thaw, Dennis Waterman and Garfield Morgan and also Arthur Lowe, John Le Mesurier, Clive Dunn, Ian Lavender, James Beck John Laurie and Arnold Ridley plus Shaun Evans, Roger Allam, James Bradshaw, Richard Riddell, Lewis Peek, Sean Rigby, Caroline O'Neill, Jack Laskey, Jack Bannon, Sara Vickers, Anton Lesser, Simon Harrison, Dakota Blue Richards and Abigail Thaw, plus Tala Gouveia, Jason Watkins, Lily Sacofsky, Pearl Chanda, Jack Riddiford, Danyal Ismail, Charlie Chambers, James Murray, Clare Skinner and Bhavik Pankhania. He died from a heart attack in Harare, Zimbabwe on 5 December 2029. His funeral will be held in Shamley Green in Surrey on 14 December 2029. Among the mourners are Terry Nation (Blake's 7), Ian Kennedy Martin (The Sweeney), Robert Murphy (McDonald & Dodds), Russell Lewis (Endeavour), Vince Powell and Ralph Driver (Bless This House), Lee Boardman (Road Wars), Phillip Crowley (Border Security USA), Jon Rand (Nothing to Declare UK), Jimmy Perry and David Croft (Dad's Army). ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ulvaeus, Bjorn}} [[Category:1945 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Swedish screenwriters]] [[Category:Swedish singer-songwriters]] [[Category:Swedish composers]] [[Category:Swedish movie producers]] [[Category:Writers from Gothenburg]] [[Category:ABBA members]] [[Category:Musicians from Gothenburg]] {{bio-stub}} 79dc8e3m1001sqfn4b3qkpq6md3reh8 0 547749 10368804 10367270 2025-07-03T02:57:04Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368804 wikitext text/x-wiki This is a '''list of heads of government of India. ===Delhi Sultanate=== ===Delhi Sultanate (1206–1290)=== * [[Qutb-ud-Din Aibak]] (1206–1210) * [[Aram Shah]] (1210–1211) * Altamash ([[Iltutmish|Shams ud din Iltutmish]]) (1211–1236) * Rukn ud din Firuz I. (1236) * [[Raziah|Raziyyat ud din Sultana]] (1236–1240) * [[Muiz ud din Bahram]] (1240–1242) * [[Ala ud din Masud]] (1242–1246) * Nasir ud din Mahmud I. (1246–1266) * [[Ghiyas ud din Balban]] (1266–1286) * [[Muiz ud din Qaiqabd]] (1286–1290) * Kayumarth (1290) ===Delhi Sultanate (1290–1320)=== * [[Jalal ud din Firoz Khalji|Jalal ud din Firuz II. Khilji]] (1290–1296) * Ibrahim I. (1296) * [[Ala ud-Din Khalji|Muhammad I. Ala ud-Din Khalji]] (1296–1316) * Schihab ud din Omar (1316) * [[Qutb-ud-din Mubarak Shah|Quitt ud din Mubarak Schah]] (1316–1320) * [[Khusrau Khan|Nasir ud-din Chusrau]] (1320) === Delhi Sultanate (1320–1413) === * [[Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq Shah I.]] (1320–1325) * [[Muhammad bin Tughluq|Muhammad Schah II.]] (1325–1351) * [[Mahmud Ibn Muhammad]] (März 1351) * [[Firuz Schah Tughluq]] (1351–1388) * [[Ghiyas ud din Tughluq II.]] (1388–1389) * [[Abu Baker]] (1389–1390) * [[Nasir ud din Muhammad Schah III.]] (1390–1394) * Sikander Shah I. (1394) * Mahmud II. Nasir ud din (Sultan Mahmud II.) in Delhi (1394–1413) * [[Nusrat Schah]] in Firuzabad (1394–1398) ''[[Timur Lenk]] erobert Delhi und setzt die Sayyiden ein'' ===Delhi Sultanate (1413–1414); === * [[Daulat Khan (Sultan)|Daulat Khan]] (1413–1414) ===Delhi Sultanate(1414–1451)=== * [[Khidr Khan]] (1414–1421) * [[Mubarrak Schah II.]] (1421–1434) * [[Mohammed Schah IV.]] (1434–1445) * [[Aladdin Alam Schah]] (1445–1451) ===Delhi Sultanate (1451–1526) === * [[Bahlul Lodi]] (1451–1489) * [[Sikandar Lodi]] (1489–1517) * [[Ibrahim II.|Ibrahim II. Lodi]] (1517–1526) ''1526–1540 durch das [[Mogulreich]] beherrscht'' ===Delhi Sultanate (1540–1555) === * [[Sher Khan Suri|Sher Schah]] (1540–1545) * [[Islam Shah Suri|Islam Schah]] (1545–1553) * Muhammad V. (1553–1555) * Firuz IV. (1555) * Ibrahim III. (1555) * Sikander III.Schah (1555) == List of Prime Minister== {| class="wikitable" width="100%" style="text-align:center;" !N ! width="100px" | Portrait ! Name ! colspan="2" | Term of office ! Notable events ! Emperor |- |1 | |'''[[Mir Khalifa|Amir Nizamuddin Khalifa]]''' |1526 |1540 |[[First Battle of Panipat|1st Battle of panipat]] [[Battle of Khanwa]] |[[Babur]] (1526{{Snd}}1530) & [[Humayun]] (1530{{Snd}}1540) |- |2 | |'''[[Qaracha Khan]]''' |1540 |1550 |He was a governor of [[Kandahar|qandhar]] and humayun appoint him as Grand-Vizier of the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal State]]. |[[Humayun]] (1530{{Snd}}1556) |- |3 | | '''[[Bairam Khan]]'''<ref name="auto1">{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Gauri |title=Prime Ministers Under the Mughals 1526-1707 |date=2006 |publisher=Kanishka, New Delhi |isbn=8173918236}}</ref> | 1550 | 1560 | style="font-size:90%;" | | rowspan=6 style= "background:#EAECF0" |'''[[Akbar|Akbar-i-Azam]]'''<br>{{Nastaliq|اکبر اعظم}}<br /><small>(1556-1605)</small> |- |4 | | '''[[Munim Khan]]''' |1560 |1565 | |- |5 | | '''[[Muzaffar Khan Turbati]]'''<ref>{{cite book |url= https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Medieval_India_From_Sultanat_to_the_Mugh/0Rm9MC4DDrcC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=no+vakil+appointed+from+1579&pg=PA136&printsec=frontcover |author= Satish Chandra |title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part - II |date=2005 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |page= 136}}</ref> | 1575 | 1579 |No Vakil was appointed after his appointment to governorship in Bengal from 1579 until 1589 |- |6 | [[File:ABU'L FAZL IBN MUBARAK (D. 1602 AD) AKBARNAMA.jpg|90px]] | '''[[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak]]'''<ref>{{cite book |author= Alfred J. Andrea, James H. Overfield |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Human_Record_To_1700/QJsx7eQ0rwAC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=1579+abul+fazl+chief+advisor&dq=1579+abul+fazl+chief+advisor&printsec=frontcover |page= 476 |title= The Human Record: To 1700 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |quote= Abul Fazl(1551-1602), the emperor's chief advisor and confidant from 1579 until Abul Fazl's assassination at the instigation of Prince Salim, the future Emperor Jahangir(r. 1605-1627)}}</ref> | 1579 | 1602 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- |7 | | '''[[Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana|Khanzada Abdur Rahim]]'''<ref name="auto1">{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Gauri |title=Prime Ministers Under the Mughals 1526-1707 |date=2006 |publisher=Kanishka, New Delhi |isbn=8173918236}}</ref> | 1589 | 1595 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- |8 | [[File:Mirza Aziz Koka.png|80px]] | '''[[Mirza Aziz Koka]]'''<ref name="auto1">{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Gauri |title=Prime Ministers Under the Mughals 1526-1707 |date=2006 |publisher=Kanishka, New Delhi |isbn=8173918236}}</ref> | 1595 | 1605 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- |9 | | '''[[Sharifi Khan|Sharif Khan]]'''<ref name="auto1">{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Gauri |title=Prime Ministers Under the Mughals 1526-1707 |date=2006 |publisher=Kanishka, New Delhi |isbn=8173918236}}</ref> | 1605 | 1611 | style="font-size:90%;" | | rowspan=3 style= "background:#EAECF0" |'''[[Jahangir]]'''<br>{{Nastaliq|جہانگیر}}<br /><small>(1605-1627)</small> |- |10 | [[File:A portrait of Mirza Ghiyas Beg aka 'I'timād-ud-Daulah', 18th century.jpg|80px]] | '''[[Mirza Ghias Beg]]'''<ref name="auto1">{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Gauri |title=Prime Ministers Under the Mughals 1526-1707 |date=2006 |publisher=Kanishka, New Delhi |isbn=8173918236}}</ref> | 1611 | 1622 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- |11 | [[File:Portrait of Asaf Khan.jpg|80px]] | '''[[Abu'l-Hasan Asaf Khan]]'''<ref name="auto1">{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Gauri |title=Prime Ministers Under the Mughals 1526-1707 |date=2006 |publisher=Kanishka, New Delhi |isbn=8173918236}}</ref> | 1622 | 1630 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- |12 | | '''[[Afzal Khan Shirazi]]'''<ref name="auto1">{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Gauri |title=Prime Ministers Under the Mughals 1526-1707 |date=2006 |publisher=Kanishka, New Delhi |isbn=8173918236}}</ref> | 1630 | 1639 | style="font-size:90%;" | | rowspan=4 style= "background:#EAECF0" |'''[[Shah Jahan]]'''<br>{{Nastaliq|شاہ جہان}}<br /><small>(1628-1658)</small> |- |13 | | '''[[Islam Khan II|Islam Khan Mashadi]]'''<ref name="auto1">{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Gauri |title=Prime Ministers Under the Mughals 1526-1707 |date=2006 |publisher=Kanishka, New Delhi |isbn=8173918236}}</ref> | 1639 | 1640 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- |14 | | '''[[Wazir Khan (Lahore)|Shaikh Ilam-ud-Din Ansari]]'''<ref>{{cite book |url= https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Shah_Jahan_Nama_of_Inayat_Khan/n_BtAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Alim+-+ud+-+din+prime+shah+jahan&dq=Alim+-+ud+-+din+prime+shah+jahan&printsec=frontcover |title= The Shah Jahan Nama of 'Inayat Khan: An Abridged History of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan|author= Abraham Richard Fuller| date=1990 |publisher= University of Michigan |page= 602}}</ref> | 1640 | 1642 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- |15 | [[File:Sadullah Khan giving audience, c1655.jpg|80px]] | '''[[Saadullah Khan (Mughal Empire)|Sadullah Khan]]'''<ref>{{cite book |url= https://www.google.ca/books/edition/A_Pageant_of_India/Wp0BAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=saadullah+khan+1641&dq=saadullah+khan+1641&printsec=frontcover |title= The Shah Jahan Nama of 'Inayat Khan: An Abridged History of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, Compiled by His Royal Librarian : the Nineteenth-century Manuscript Translation of A.R. Fuller (British Library, Add. 30,777)|date= 1927 |author= Adolf Simon Waley |publisher= Constable }}</ref> | 1642 | 1656 | style="font-size:90%;" | * [[Taj Mahal]] completed |- |16 | [[File:Mir Jumla.jpg|80px]] | '''[[Mir Jumla II|Mir Jumla]]'''<ref name="The Institute">{{cite book |last1=Indian Institute of Public Administration |title=The Indian Journal of Public Administration: Quarterly Journal of the Indian Institute of Public Administration, Volume 22 |date=1976 |publisher=The Institute}}</ref> | 1656 | 1657 | style="font-size:90%;" | | rowspan=5 style= "background:#EAECF0" |'''[[Alamgir I]]'''<br>{{Nastaliq|عالمگیر}}<br /><small>(1658-1707)</small> |- |17 | | '''[[Jafar Khan]]'''<ref name="Indian History Congress">{{cite book |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Proceedings/9-RtAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=fazil+khan+wazir+in+1657&dq=fazil+khan+wazir+in+1657&printsec=frontcover |title= Indian History Congress - Proceedings: Volume 42 |date=1981 |publisher= Indian History Congress}}</ref> | 1657 | 1658 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- |18 | | '''[[Fazil Khan]]'''<ref name="Indian History Congress"/> | 1658 | 1663 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- |(17) | | '''[[Jafar Khan]]'''<ref name="The Institute"/> | 1663 | 1670 <ref>{{cite book |url= https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Proceedings/9-RtAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=jafar+khan+wazir+of+aurangzeb&dq=jafar+khan+wazir+of+aurangzeb&printsec=frontcover |title= Indian History Congress Proceedings: Volume 42 |date= 1981 |publisher= Indian History Congress }}</ref> | style="font-size:90%;" | |- |19 | | '''[[Asad Khan]]'''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Krieger-Krynicki |first1=Annie |title=Captive Princess: Zebunissa, Daughter of Emperor Aurangzeb |date=2005 |publisher=University of Michigan |isbn=0195798376}}</ref> | 1675 | 1707 | style="font-size:90%;" | * [[Mughal–Maratha Wars]] *[[Anglo-Mughal War]] |- |20 | | '''[[Mun'im Khan]]'''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kaicker |first1=Abhishek |title=The King and the People: Sovereignty and Popular Politics in Mughal Delhi |date=3 Feb 2020 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0190070687}}</ref> | 1707 | 1711 | style="font-size:90%;" | | rowspan=1 style= "background:#EAECF0" |'''[[Bahadur Shah I]]'''<br>{{Nastaliq|بہادر شاہ}}<br /><small>(1707-1712)</small> |- |21 | | '''[[Hidayatullah Khan]]'''<ref>{{cite book |url= https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Later_Mughal/ak5oFjTys8MC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=hidayatullah+khan+wazir&pg=PA128&printsec=frontcover |title= Later Mughals |author= William Irvine |page= 128 }}</ref> | 1711 | 1713 | style="font-size:90%;" | | rowspan=2 style= "background:#EAECF0" |'''[[Jahandar Shah]]'''<br>{{Nastaliq|جہاندار شاہ}}<br /><small>(1712-1713)</small> |- |22 | | '''[[Zulfiqar Khan Nusrat Jung]]'''<ref>[[John F. Richards]], ''[[The New Cambridge History of India]]: The Mughal Empire'' (New York: [[Cambridge University Press]], 1993), p. 262</ref> | 1712 | 1713 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- |23 | | '''[[Mir Rustam Ali Khan]]'''<ref name="auto1">{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Gauri |title=Prime Ministers Under the Mughals 1526-1707 |date=2006 |publisher=Kanishka, New Delhi |isbn=8173918236}}</ref> | 1710 | 1737 | style="font-size:90%;" | | rowspan=2 style="background:#EAECF0" |'''[[Farrukhsiyar]]'''<br>{{Nastaliq|فرخ سیر}}<br /><small>(1713–1719)</small> |- |24 | [[File:Abdullah Khan Barha.jpg|80px]] | '''[[Sayyid Hassan Ali Khan Barha]]'''<ref name="Britannica Guide to India">{{cite book |last1=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. |title=Britannica Guide to India |date=2009 |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. |isbn=978-1593398477}}</ref> | 1713 | 1720 | style="font-size:90%;" | * Mughal throne occupied by a series of puppet rulers under the Syed brothers.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Baji_Rao_I_the_Great_Peshwa/66E5AQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=mughal+throne+puppet+syed+brothers&dq=mughal+throne+puppet+syed+brothers&printsec=frontcover |title= Baji Rao I, the Great Peshwa |author= C. K. Srinivasan |date= 1962 |page= 22}}</ref> |- |25 | [[File:Muḥammad Amín Xán.jpg|80px]] | '''[[Muhammad Amin Khan Turani]]'''<ref name="Britannica Guide to India"/> | 1720 | 1721 | style="font-size:90%;" | | rowspan="5" style="background:#EAECF0" |'''[[Muhammad Shah]]'''<br>{{Nastaliq|محمد شاہ}}<br /><small>(1719-1748)</small> |- |26 | [[File:Asaf Jah I of Hyderabad.jpg|80px]] | [[Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I|'''Mir Qamar-ud-Din Khan Asaf Jah I''']]<ref name="Disha Publications">{{cite book |last1=Disha Experts |title=The History Compendium for IAS Prelims General Studies Paper 1 & State PSC Exams 3rd Edition |date=17 Dec 2018 |publisher=Disha Publications |isbn=978-9388373036}}</ref> | 1721 | 1724 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- |27 | [[File:The vizier Qamar ud-Din circa 1735 Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris.jpg|80px]] | [[Itimad-ad-Daula, Qamar-ud-Din Khan|'''Mir Fazil Qamar-ud-Din Khan''']] | 1724 | 1731 | rowspan="3" style="font-size:90%;" | *[[Battle of Delhi (1737)]] *[[Battle of Bhopal]] * [[Nader Shah's invasion of India|Nader Shah's invasion of Mughal Empire]] *[[Battle of Karnal]] *[[Indian campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani|First invasion of Ahmad Shah Durrani]] *[[Battle of Manupur (1748)]] |- |28 |[[File:Saadat_Ali_Khan_I.jpg|127x127px]] |[[Saadat Ali Khan I]] |1731 |19 March 1739 |- |(27) |[[File:The_vizier_Qamar_ud-Din_circa_1735_Bibliothèque_nationale_de_France,_Paris.jpg|128x128px]] |[[Itimad-ad-Daula, Qamar-ud-Din Khan|'''Mir Fazil Qamar-ud-Din Khan''']] |19 March 1739 |1748 |- |29 | [[File:Safdarjung (1).jpg|80px]] | '''[[Safdar Jang]]'''<ref name="Disha Publications"/> | 1748 | 1753 | style="font-size:90%;" | *[[Indian campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani|Second invasion of Ahmad Shah Durrani]] *[[Indian campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani|Third invasion of Ahmad Shah Durrani]] * [[Battle of Lahore (1752)]] | rowspan="3" style="background:#EAECF0" |'''[[Ahmad Shah Bahadur]]'''<br>{{Nastaliq|احمد شاہ بہادر}}<br /><small>(1748-1754)</small> |- |30 | | '''[[Intizam-ud-Daulah]]'''<ref name="Khwaja, Sehar 2018">Khwaja, Sehar. "Fosterage and Motherhood in the Mughal Harem: Intimate Relations and the Political System in Eighteenth-Century India." Social Scientist 46, no. 5-6 (2018): 39-60. Accessed August 7, 2020. doi:10.2307/26530803.</ref> | 1753 | 1754 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- |31 |[[File:Safdarjung,_second_Nawab_of_Awadh,_Mughal_dynasty._India._early_18th_century.jpg|128x128px]] |[[Safdarjung|Muhammad Muqim]] |1 October 1754 |5 October 1754 | |- |32 | [[File:Ghází al-Dín Xán ʿImád al-Mulk.jpg|80px]] | [[Ghazi ud-Din Khan Feroze Jung III|'''Imad-ul-Mulk Feroze Jung''']]<ref name="Khwaja, Sehar 2018"/> | 1754 | 1760 | style="font-size:90%;" | *[[Black Hole of Calcutta]] * [[Battle of Plassey]] | rowspan="1" style="background:#EAECF0" |'''[[Alamgir II]]'''<br>{{Nastaliq|عالمگیر دوم}}<br /><small>(1754-1759)</small> |- |33 | [[File:अवध के नवाब शुजाउद्दौला.jpg|80px]] |<nowiki> </nowiki> [[Shuja-ud-Daula|Jalal-ud-din Haider Abul-Mansur Khan]] | 1760 | 1775 | style="font-size:90%;" | *[[Third Battle of Panipat]] * [[Battle of Buxar]] *[[Treaty of Allahabad]] | rowspan="6" style="background:#EAECF0" |'''[[Shah Alam II]]'''<br>{{Nastaliq|شاہ عالم دوم}}<br /><small>(1760-1806)</small> |- |34 | |'''''[[Mirza Jawan Bakht (born 1749)|Mirza Jawan Bakht]]''''' |1760 |1775 | |- |35 | [[File:Asifportrait2 - Asuf ud Daula.jpg|80px]] | '''[[Asaf-ud-Daula]]''' | 1775 |1784 | style="font-size:90%;" | |- |(34) | |'''''[[Mirza Jawan Bakht (born 1749)|Mirza Jawan Bakht]]''''' |1784 |1784 | |- |(35) |[[File:Asifportrait2_-_Asuf_ud_Daula.jpg|109x109px]] |[[Asaf-ud-Daula]] |1784 |1797 | |- |36 |[[File:WazirAliKhan.jpg|109x109px]] |[[Wazir Ali Khan]] |21 September 1797&nbsp; |21 January 1798 | |} === List of Prime Minister Mughal === {| class="wikitable" width="100%" !N ! style="background-color:width="10%" |Portrait ! style="background-color width="15%" |Personal Name ! style="background-color: width="9%" |Reign ! style="background-color: width="9%" |Birth ! style="background-color: width="9%" |Death |- |(36) | align="center" |[[File:WazirAliKhan.jpg|109x109px]] | align="center" |[[Wazir Ali Khan]]{{Nastaliq|وزیر علی خان}} | align="center" |21 September 1797&nbsp;– 21 January 1798 | align="center" |1780 | align="center" |1817 |- |37 | align="center" |[[File:Saadat_Ali_Khan_II.jpg|131x131px]] | align="center" |[[Saadat Ali Khan II]]{{Nastaliq|سعادت علی خان}} | align="center" |21 January 1798&nbsp;– 11 July 1814 | align="center" |1752 | align="center" |1814 |- |38 | align="center" |[[File:Ghazi-ud-Din_Haider_Robert_Home_1820.jpg|138x138px]] | align="center" |[[Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar Shah]]{{Nastaliq|غازی الدیں حیدر شاہ}} | align="center" |11 July 1814&nbsp;– 19 October 1827 | align="center" |1769 | align="center" |1827 |- |39 | align="center" |[[File:Nasir_ud_din_haidar.jpg|134x134px]] | align="center" |[[Nasiruddin Haider|Nasir-ud-Din Haidar Shah]]{{Nastaliq|ناصر الدیں حیدر شاہ}} | align="center" |19 October 1827&nbsp;– 7 July 1837 | align="center" |1827 | align="center" |1837 |- |40 | align="center" |[[File:MuhammadAliShah.jpg|109x109px]] | align="center" |[[Muhammad Ali Shah]]{{Nastaliq|محمّد علی شاہ}} | align="center" |7 July 1837&nbsp;– 7 May 1842 | align="center" |1777 | align="center" |1842 |- |42 | align="center" |[[File:AmjadAliShah.jpg|109x109px]] | align="center" |[[Amjad Ali Shah]]{{Nastaliq|امجد علی شاہ}} | align="center" |7 May 1842&nbsp;– 13 February 1847 | align="center" |1801 | align="center" |1847 |- |43 | align="center" |[[File:Vajid_Ali_Shah.jpg|123x123px]] | align="center" |[[Wajid Ali Shah]]{{Nastaliq|واجد علی شاہ}} | align="center" |13 February 1847&nbsp;– 11 February 1856 | align="center" |1822 | align="center" |1 September 1887 |- |44 | align="center" |[[File:Begum_hazrat_mahal.jpg|135x135px]] | align="center" |[[Begum Hazrat Mahal|Begum hazrat Mahal]]{{Nastaliq|بیگم حضرت محل}} | align="center" |11 February 1856&nbsp;– 5 July1857 ''Wife of Wajid Ali Shah and mother of Birjis Qadra'' (''in rebellion'') | align="center" |1820 | align="center" |7 April 1879 |- |45 | align="center" |[[File:Birjis_Qadra.jpg|102x102px]] | align="center" |[[Birjis Qadr]]{{Nastaliq|بر جیس قدر}} | align="center" |5 July 1857 – 3 March 1858 (''in rebellion'') | align="center" |1845 | align="center" |14 August 1893 |} === List of Prime Minister Mughal === {| style="width:100%;" class="wikitable" !N ! style="width:8%;"| Portrait ! style="width:18%;"| Birth Name ! style="width:20%;" | Reign ! style="width:9%;"| Birth ! style="width:13%;"| Death ! style="width:20%;"| Notes |- |46 | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Bahadur Shah II of India.jpg|80px]] | style="text-align:center;"|[[Bahadur Shah II|Abu Zafar Siraj al-Din Muhammad]] <br> | style="text-align:center;" |3 March 1858&nbsp;– 7 November 1862 (19 years, 360 days) | style="text-align:center;"|24 October 1775 [[Delhi]], India | style="text-align:center;"|7 November 1862 (aged 87) [[Rangoon, Myanmar]] | style="text-align:center;"|Last Mughal Emperor. Deposed by the British and was exiled to [[Myanmar|Burma]] after the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|rebellion of 1857]]. |} === List of prime ministers of India === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |{{Abbr|No.|Number}} ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Portrait ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Name<br />{{small|(birth and death)}} ! colspan="2" scope="col" |Term of office ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Party |- !Took office !Left office |- |47 | |[[Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax|Charles Wood]] |1862 |1862 | rowspan="23" |[[Independent]] |- |48 | |[[Jung Bahadur Rana]] |1862 |1862 |- |49 | |[[Dost Mohammad Khan]] |1862 |1862 |- |50 | |[[Jyotirao Phule]] |1862 |1863 |- |51 | |[[James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin|James Bruce]] |1863 |1863 |- |52 | |[[Dayananda Saraswati]] |1863 |1863 |- |53 | |[[Ramakrishna]] |1863 |1863 |- |54 | |[[Sher Ali Khan]] |1863 |1863 |- |55 | |[[Takht Singh]] |1863 |1863 |- |56 | |[[John Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence|John Lawrence]] |1863 |1863 |- |57 | |[[Debendranath Tagore]] |1863 |1870 |- |58 | |[[Syed Ahmad Khan]] |1870 |1875 |- |59 | |[[Mohsin-ul-Mulk]] |1875 |1880 |- |60 | |[[Mir Turab Ali Khan, Salar Jung I]] |1880 |1883 |- |61 | |[[Ranodip Singh Kunwar]] |1883 |1883 |- |62 | |[[Mir Laiq Ali Khan, Salar Jung II]] |1883 |1883 |- |63 | |[[Keshub Chandra Sen]] |1883 |1883 |- |64 | |[[Herbert Spencer]] |1884 |1885 |- |65 | |[[Bhikaiji Cama]] |1885 |1885 |- |66 | |[[Abhayananda]] |1885 |1885 |- |67 | |[[Jaswant Singh II]] |1885 |1885 |- |68 | |[[John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley|John Wodehouse]] |1885 |1885 |- |69 | |[[Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava|Frederick Hamilton]] |1885 |1885 |- |} ===List of prime ministers of India=== ;Legend {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="72%" |+ ! scope="col" |{{abbr|No.|Number}} ! class="unsortable" |Portrait ! class="sortable" |Name ! scope="col" |Term of office ! scope="col" |Appointed by !Party |- ! scope="row" |70 |[[File:WCBonnerjee.jpg|alt=An image of Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee.|119x119px]] |{{sortname|Womesh Chandra|Bonnerjee}} |1885 |[[Bombay]] |[[Indian National Congress]] |- ! scope="row" |71 |[[File:Dadabhai_Naoroji.jpg|alt=An image of Dadabhai Naoroji.|111x111px]] |{{sortname|Dadabhai|Naoroji}} |1886 |[[Calcutta]] | |- ! scope="row" |72 |[[File:BadruddinTyabji.jpg|alt=An image of Badruddin Tyabji.|92x92px]] |{{sortname|Badruddin|Tyabji}} |1887 |[[Madras]] | |- ! scope="row" |73 |[[File:George_Yule.jpg|alt=An image of George Yule.|99x99px]] |{{sortname|George|Yule|George Yule (businessman)}} |1888 |Allahabad | |- ! scope="row" |74 |[[File:WilliamWedderburn.jpg|alt=An image of William Wedderburn.|106x106px]] |{{sortname|William|Wedderburn}} |1889 |Bombay | |- ! scope="row" |75 |[[File:Pherozeshah_Mehta_1996_stamp_of_India.jpg|alt=An image of Pherozesha Mehta.|111x111px]] |{{sortname|Pherozeshah|Mehta}} |1890 |Calcutta | |- ! scope="row" |76 | |{{sortname|Panapakkam|Anandacharlu}} |1891 |[[Nagpur]] | |- ! scope="row" |(70) ) |[[File:WCBonnerjee.jpg|alt=An image of Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee.|119x119px]] |{{sortname|Womesh Chandra|Bonnerjee|nolink=1}} |1892 |Allahabad | |- ! scope="row" |(71) |[[File:Dadabhai_Naoroji.jpg|alt=An image of Dadabhai Naoroji.|111x111px]] |{{sortname|Dadabhai|Naoroji|nolink=1}} |1893 |[[Lahore]] | |- ! scope="row" |77 |[[File:AlfredWebb.jpg|alt=An image of Alfred Webb.|104x104px]] |{{sortname|Alfred|Webb}} |1894 |Madras | |- ! scope="row" |78 |[[File:Surendranath_Banerjee.jpg|alt=An image of Surendranath Banerjee.|86x86px]] |{{sortname|Surendranath|Banerjee}} |1895 |[[Poona]] | |- ! scope="row" |79 |[[File:RMSayani.jpg|alt=An image of Rahimtulla M. Sayani.|104x104px]] |{{sortname|Rahimtulla M.|Sayani}} |1896 |Calcutta | |- ! scope="row" |80 |[[File:SirChetturSankaranNair.jpg|alt=An image of C Sankaran Nair.|100x100px]] |{{sortname|C. Sankaran|Nair}} |1897 |[[Amaravati]] | |- ! scope="row" |81 |[[File:AnandaMohanBose.JPG|alt=An image of Anandamohan Bose.|75x75px]] |{{sortname|Anandamohan|Bose}} |1898 |Madras | |- ! scope="row" |82 |[[File:Romesh_Chunder_Dutt.jpg|alt=An image of Romesh Chunder Dutt.|108x108px]] |{{sortname|Romesh Chunder|Dutt}} |1899 |[[Lucknow]] | |- ! scope="row" |83 |[[File:N._G._Chandavarkar_cyclopedia.png|alt=An image of N. G. Chandavarkar.|104x104px]] |{{sortname|N. G.|Chandavarkar}} |1900 |Lahore | |- ! scope="row" |84 |[[File:DinshawWacha.jpg|alt=An image of Dinshaw Edulji Wacha.|99x99px]] |{{sortname|Dinshaw Edulji|Wacha}} |1901 |Calcutta |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !85 | |[[Swami Vivekananda]] |1902 | | |- ! scope="row" |86 |[[File:Surendranath_Banerjee.jpg|alt=An image of Surendranath Banerjee.|86x86px]] |{{sortname|Surendranath|Banerjee}} |1902 |[[Ahmedabad]] | |- ! scope="row" |87 | |{{sortname|Lalmohan|Ghosh}} |1903 |Madras | |- ! scope="row" |88 |[[File:Henry_Cotton.jpg|alt=An image of Henry Cotton.|110x110px]] |{{sortname|Henry John Stedman|Cotton|Henry Cotton (civil servant)}} |1904 |Bombay | |- ! scope="row" |89 |[[File:Gopal_krishan_gokhale.jpg|alt=An image of Gopal Krishna Gokhale.|75x75px]] |{{sortname|Gopal Krishna|Gokhale}} |1905 |[[Banaras]] | |- ! scope="row" |90 |[[File:Dadabhai_Naoroji.jpg|alt=An image of Dadabhai Naoroji.|111x111px]] |{{sortname|Dadabhai|Naoroji}} |1906 |Calcutta | |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |91 | rowspan="2" |[[File:Rash_Bihari_Ghosh.jpg|alt=An image of Rashbihari Ghosh.|111x111px]] | rowspan="2" |{{sortname|Rashbihari|Ghosh}} |1907 |[[Surat]] | |- |1908 |Madras | |- ! scope="row" |92 |[[File:Madan_Mohan_Malaviya_1961_stamp_of_India.jpg|alt=An image of Madan Mohan Malaviya.|87x87px]] |{{sortname|Madan Mohan|Malaviya}} |1909 |Lahore | |- ! scope="row" |93 |[[File:WilliamWedderburn.jpg|alt=An image of William Wedderburn.|106x106px]] |{{sortname|William|Wedderburn}} |1910 |Allahabad | |- ! scope="row" |94 | |{{sortname|Bishan Narayan|Dar}} |1911 |Calcutta | |- ! scope="row" |95 |[[File:R_N_Mudholkar.jpg|alt=An image of Raghunath Narasinha Mudholkar.|115x115px]] |{{sortname|Raghunath Narasinha|Mudholkar}} |1912 |[[Bankipore]] | |- ! scope="row" |96 | |{{sortname|Nawab Syed Muhammad|Bahadur}} |1913 |[[Karachi]] | |- ! scope="row" |97 |[[File:Bhupendranath_Bose.jpg|96x96px]] |{{sortname|Bhupendra Nath|Bose}} |1914 |Madras | |- ! scope="row" |98 |[[File:Lord_Sina.jpg|alt=An image of Satyendra Prasanno Sinha.|97x97px]] |{{sortname|Satyendra Prasanno|Sinha|Lord Satyendra Prasanna Sinha}} |1915 |Bombay | |- ! scope="row" |99 |[[File:1916muzumdar.jpg|alt=An image of Ambica Charan Mazumdar.|100x100px]] |{{sortname|Ambica Charan|Mazumdar}} |1915 |Lucknow | |- |} ===List of prime ministers of India=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |{{Abbr|No.|Number}} ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Portrait ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Name<br />{{small|(birth and death)}} ! colspan="2" scope="col" |Term of office ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Party |- !Took office !Left office |- |100 | |[[Raja Mahendra Pratap]] (1 December 1886 – 29 April 1979) |1915 |1919 |[[Independent]] |- |101 | |[[Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah]] (7 July 1854 – 20 September 1927) |1919 |1919 |[[Independent]] |- |102 | |[[Hari Singh Gour]] (26 November 1870 – 25 December 1949) |1919 |1923 |[[Independent]] |- |103 | |[[Motilal Nehru]] (6 May 1861 – 6 February 1931) |1923 |1930 |[[Independent]] |- |104 | |'''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]''' (1889 –1964) |1930 |1932 |[[Independent]] |- |– | |Hari Singh Gour (26 November 1870 – 25 December 1949) |1932 |1934 |[[Independent]] |- |105 | |[[Bhulabhai Desai]] (13 October 1877 – 6 May 1946) |1934 |1936 |[[Independent]] |- |106 | |[[Abul Kalam Azad]] ( 11 November 1888 – 22 February 1958) |1936 |1943 |[[Independent]] |- |107 | |[[Mahatma Gandhi]] (2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) |1 July 1943 |6 July 1943 |[[Independent]] |- |108 | |[[Vallabhbhai Patel]] ( 31 October 1875 – 15 December 1950) |6 July 1943 |6 July 1943 |[[Independent]] |- |119 | |[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] (25 December 1876 – 11 September 1948) |6 July 1943 |6 July 1943 |[[Independent]] |- |110 | |[[Liaquat Ali Khan]] (1 October 1895 – 16 October 1951) |6 July 1943 |6 July 1943 |[[Independent]] |- |} ===lists=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |{{Abbr|No.|Number}} ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Portrait ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Name<br />{{small|(birth and death)}} ! colspan="2" scope="col" |Term of office ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Party |- !Took office !Left office |- | rowspan="1" |'''111''' | rowspan="1" |[[File:Subhas Chandra Bose NRB.jpg|75px]] | rowspan="1" |'''[[Subhash Chandra Bose]]'''<br />{{small|(1898–1945)}} | style="height: 45px;" |6 July 1943 |18 August 1945 | rowspan="1" |[[Indian National Army]] |- | rowspan="4" |'''(104)''' | rowspan="4" |[[File:Jnehru.jpg|alt=Jawaharlal Nehru|75px]] | rowspan="4" |'''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]'''<br />{{small|(1889–1964)}} | style="height: 45px;" |18 August 1945 |15 April 1952 | rowspan="10" |[[Indian National Congress]] |- |15 April 1952 |17 April 1957 |- |17 April 1957 |2 April 1962 |- | style="height: 45px;" |2 April 1962 |27 May 1964<small>†</small> |- | style="background-color:Wheat" | '''112''' | style="background-color:Wheat" | [[File:Gulzarilal Nanda 1.jpg|75px]] | style="background-color:Wheat" | '''[[Gulzarilal Nanda]]'''<br />{{small|(1898–1998)}} | style="background-color:Wheat" | 27 May 1964 | style="background-color:Wheat" | 9 June 1964 |- | style="height: 45px;" |'''113''' |[[File:Lal Bahadur Shastri (from stamp).jpg|75px]] |'''[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]'''<br />{{small|(1904–1966)}} |9 June 1964 |11 January 1966<small>†</small> |- style="background-color:Wheat" | - | – |[[File:Gulzarilal Nanda 1.jpg|75px]] |'''[[Gulzarilal Nanda]]'''<br />{{small|(1898–1998)}} |11 January 1966 |24 January 1966 |- | rowspan="3" style="height: 45px;" |'''114''' | rowspan="3" |[[File:Indira Gandhi official portrait.png|111x111px]] | rowspan="3" |'''[[Indira Gandhi]]'''<br />{{small|(1917–1984)}} |24 January 1966 |4 March 1967 |- style="height: 45px;" |4 March 1967 |15 March 1971 |- | style="height: 45px;" |15 March 1971 |24 March 1977 |- |'''115''' |[[File:Morarji Desai During his visit to the United States of America (cropped).jpg|75px]] |'''[[Morarji Desai]]'''<br />{{small|(1896–1995)}} | style="height: 45px;" |24 March 1977 |28 July 1979 | rowspan="2" |[[Janata Party]] |- |116 | |'''[[Jagjivan Ram]]''' <small>(1908–1986)</small> |28 July 1979 |28 July 1979 |- |117 |[[File:Prime minister Charan Singh.jpg|118x118px]] |'''[[Charan Singh]]'''<br />{{small|(1902–1987)}} |28 July 1979 |8 January 1980{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}} | rowspan="3" |[[Janata Party (Secular)]] |- |118 | |'''[[Yashwantrao Chavan]]''' <small>(1913–1984)</small> |8 January 1980 |10 January 1980 |- |(117) |[[File:Prime_minister_Charan_Singh.jpg|118x118px]] |'''[[Charan Singh]]''' <small>(1902–1987)</small> |10 January 1980 |14 January 1980 |- | style="height: 45px;" |'''(114)''' |[[File:Indira Gandhi official portrait.png|111x111px]] |'''Indira Gandhi'''<br />{{small|(1917–1984)}} |14 January 1980{{ref label|§|§|§}} |31 October 1984<small>†</small> | rowspan="3" |[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]] |- | rowspan="2" style="height: 45px;" |'''119''' | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |'''[[Rajiv Gandhi]]'''<br />{{small|(1944–1991)}} |31 October 1984 |31 December 1984 |- | style="height: 45px;" |31 December 1984 |2 December 1989 |- |'''120''' |[[File:Visit of Vishwanath Pratap Sing, Indian Minister for Trade, to the CEC (cropped).jpg|75px]] |'''[[Vishwanath Pratap Singh]]'''<br />{{small|(1931–2008)}} |2 December 1989 |{{nowrap|10 November 1990{{ref label|NC|NC|NC}}}} |[[Janata Dal]]<br />{{small|(''[[National Front (India)|National Front]]'')}} |- |121 | |'''[[Devi Lal]]''' <small>(1915–2001)</small> |10 November 1990 |10 November 1990 | rowspan="2" |[[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]] |- |'''122''' |[[File:Chandra_Shekhar_Singh_2010_stamp_of_India.jpg|75px]] |'''[[Chandra Shekhar]]'''<br />{{small|(1927–2007)}} |{{nowrap|10 November 1990}} |21 June 1991{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}} |- |'''123''' |[[File:Visit_of_Narasimha_Rao,_Indian_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs,_to_the_CEC_(cropped)(2).jpg|75px]] |'''[[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]'''<br />{{small|(1921–2004)}} |21 June 1991 |16 May 1996 |[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]] |- |'''124''' |[[File:Atal Bihari Vajpayee (crop 2).jpg|75px]] |'''[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]'''<br />{{small|(1924–2018)}} |16 May 1996 |1 June 1996{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}} |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |- |'''125''' |[[File:H. D. Deve Gowda BNC.jpg|75px]] |'''[[H. D. Deve Gowda]]'''<br />{{small|(born 1933)}} |1 June 1996 |21 April 1997{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}} | rowspan="2" |[[Janata Dal]]<br />{{small|(''[[United Front (India)|United Front]]'')}} |- |'''126''' |[[File:Inder Kumar Gujral 017.jpg|75px]] |'''[[Inder Kumar Gujral]]'''<br />{{small|(1919–2012)}} |21 April 1997 |19 March 1998{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}} |- | rowspan="2" |'''(124)''' | rowspan="2" |[[File:Atal Bihari Vajpayee (crop 2).jpg|75px]] | rowspan="2" |'''Atal Bihari Vajpayee'''<br />{{small|(1924–2018)}} |19 March 1998{{ref label|§|§|§}} |{{nowrap|13 October 1999{{ref label|NC|NC|NC}}}} | rowspan="4" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />{{small|(''[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]'')}} |- |13 October 1999 |22 May 2002 |- |127 | |'''[[L. K. Advani|Lal Krishna Advani]]''' <small>(1927–)</small> |22 May 2002 |22 May 2002 |- |'''(124)''' |[[File:Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_(crop_2).jpg|85x85px]] |'''Atal Bihari Vajpayee''' {{small|(1924–2018)}} |22 May 2002 |22 May 2004 |- |128 |[[File:Sonia Gandhi 2014 (cropped).jpg|75px|alt=An image of Sonia Gandhi.]] |[[Sonia Gandhi]](1946 –) |22 May 2004 |22 May 2004 | rowspan="3" |[[Indian National Congress]]<br />{{small|(''[[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]'')}} |- | rowspan="2" |'''129''' | rowspan="2" |[[File:Official Portrait of the Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh.jpg|112x112px]] | rowspan="2" |'''[[Manmohan Singh]]'''<br /> |22 May 2004 |22 May 2009 |- |22 May 2009 |26 May 2014 |- | rowspan="2" |130 | rowspan="2" |[[File:Official Photograph of Prime Minister Narendra Modi Potrait.png|75px]] | rowspan="2" |'''[[Narendra Modi]]'''<br />{{small|(born 1950)}} |26 May 2014 |30 May 2019 | rowspan="2" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />{{small|(''[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]'')}} |- |30 May 2019 |31 December 2026 |- |131 | |[[Rahul Gandhi]] |30 May 2019 |30 May 2027 |[[Indian National Congress]] |- |132 | |[[Priyanka Gandhi]] |31 December 2026 |30 May 2027 |[[Indian National Congress]] |- |133 | |[[Yogi Adityanath]] |31 December 2026 |30 May 2027 |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |} ===List of prime ministers of India=== *[[Indian Armed Forces|Military]] Indian Armed Forces {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |{{Abbr|No.|Number}} ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Portrait ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Name<br />{{small|(birth and death)}} ! colspan="2" scope="col" |Term of office ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Party |- !Took office !Left office |- |132 | |[[Javed Khan]] |30 May 2027 |''Incumbent'' |[[Indian Armed Forces|Military]] |} == Related pages == * [[President of India]] * [[Vice President of India]] * [[List of presidents of India]] * [[List of vice presidents of India]] *[[Mughal Empire]] == Footnotes == * {{note label|†|†|†}} Assassinated or died in office * {{note label|§|§|§}} Returned to office after a previous non-consecutive term * {{note label|RES|RES|RES}} Resigned * {{note label|NC|NC|NC}} Resigned following a [[no-confidence motion]] == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Prime Ministers of India|*]] [[Category:Lists of prime ministers by country|India]] [[Category:Lists of people by time in office|Indian prime ministers by time in office]] [[Category:Lists of political office-holders in India|Prime Ministers]] [[Category:Lists relating to prime ministers of India| ]] 6mzpcngiojebj3zjpbt5xqd7brbrr6v 0 548216 10368166 8116810 2025-07-02T19:54:00Z 2001:569:BC15:6100:7412:A1EA:F9E0:D569 /* Reception */ 10368166 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Rise | cover = | alt = | border = | type = single | artist = [[Katy Perry]] | album = | released = July 14, 2016 | recorded = | studio = | venue = | genre = [[Electronic music|Electronic]] | length = 3:23 | label = [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] | writer = {{hlist|Katy Perry|[[Max Martin]]| [[Ali Payami]]|[[Savan Kotecha]]}} | producer = {{hlist|Max Martin|Ali Payami}} | prev_title = [[This Is How We Do]] | prev_year = 2014 | next_title = [[Chained to the Rhythm]] | next_year = 2017 | misc = {{External music video|{{YouTube|hdw1uKiTI5c|"Rise"}}}} }} '''Rise'''" is a song co-written and recorded by [[Americans|American]] [[singer-songwriter]] [[Katy Perry]]. The song was released on July 14, 2016. It was used in the [[2016 Summer Olympics]] in [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]]. She released the song because "[she] was inspired to finish it now, rather than save it for [her] next album, because now more than ever, there is a need for our world to unite."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ew.com/article/2016/07/14/katy-perry-new-song-rise/|title=Katy Perry releases surprise single 'Rise' for 2016 Rio Olympics|website=EW.com}}</ref> "Rise" has topped the iTunes charts of over 25 countries worldwide, including the [[U.S.]], [[UK]], [[Canada]], and [[Australia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/account/suspended|title=Twitter / Account Suspended|website=twitter.com}}</ref> The song entered the Australian ARIA Singles Chart at number 1<ref>http://cdn.aria.com.au/pdfs/1F2C26C902D508ABA62E7A01AC704A192BFF00CB9AA84B07621000DD3B4FF3D5/ARIA%20Singles%20Chart.pdf</ref> and reached number 3 in Scotland. The song reached the top 20 in the US and Canada. On October 17, 2017, the song was certified platinum in the US.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/chartdata/status/920398887650598912|title=US Certifications (@RIAA): @katyperry, Rise Platinum (1,000,000).|last=chart data|date=17 Oct 2017|website=@chartdata|language=fr|access-date=2017-10-18}}</ref> ==Music video== One music video for the song features Olympic athletes practicing for the Games. However, an official video was released and shows Perry climbing through different terrains with a red parachute. ==Reception== [[Critic]]s have said that the song was powerful and uplifting{{Cn}} but received mixed reviews. Daniel Kreps from ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' called producer Max Martin an "extraordinaire,"<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/hear-katy-perrys-victorious-olympics-anthem-rise-92007/|title=Hear Katy Perry's Victorious Olympics Anthem 'Rise'|first1=Daniel|last1=Kreps|first2=Daniel|last2=Kreps|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=15 July 2016}}</ref> while Brandon Caldwell from the ''Houston Press'' said that the song "just doesn’t fit the template of inspirational, fiery and get America ready to beat the rest of the world in sporting competitions. It just doesn’t fit the Olympics. Now, in terms of beating world issues? 'Rise' may have something there."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.houstonpress.com/music/katy-perrys-rise-why-this-song-sucks-8587523|title=Katy Perry's "Rise": Why This Song Sucks|first=Brandon|last=Caldwell|date=21 July 2016|website=Houston Press|access-date=15 February 2019|archive-date=11 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190211184055/https://www.houstonpress.com/music/katy-perrys-rise-why-this-song-sucks-8587523|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Credits and personnel== Credits adapted from [[Qobuz]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Rise - Katy Perry – Télécharger et écouter l'album|url=http://www.qobuz.com/fr-fr/album/rise-katy-perry/0060255709996|publisher=[[Qobuz]]|access-date=22 July 2016}}</ref> *[[Katy Perry]] – lead vocals, backing vocals, songwriter *[[Max Martin]] – producer, songwriter, backing vocals, programming, strings, trumpet * [[Ali Payami]] – producer, songwriter, drums, electric bass, guitar, horn, keyboards, percussion, programming, strings *[[Savan Kotecha]] – songwriter *Sam Holland – recording engineer *Jeremy Lertola – assistant recording engineer *Cory Bice – assistant recording engineer *Serban Ghenea – mixer *John Hanes – mix engineer ==Formats and track listings== *'''Digital download''' #"Rise"&nbsp;– 3:23 *'''CD'''<ref name=CD/> #"Rise"&nbsp;– 3:23 #"Rise" (instrumental)&nbsp;– 3:23 *'''Digital download (remixes)'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Rise: The Remixes - Single|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/rise-remixes-single/1444875058|publisher=[[iTunes Store]]|location=USA|date=August 26, 2016|access-date=August 29, 2016}}</ref> #"Rise" ([[Purity Ring (band)|Purity Ring]] remix)&nbsp;– 3:32 #"Rise" (Monsieur Adi radio edit)&nbsp;– 4:01 #"Rise" ([[Tālā (musician)|Tālā]] remix)&nbsp;– 3:18 ==References== Songwriting credits from iTunes metadata. {{reflist}} {{music-stub}} {{Katy Perry}} [[Category:2016 songs]] [[Category:Katy Perry songs]] [[Category:Pop songs]] jhd5u2m1ozowavd2fnuqk842mfx716t 10368176 10368166 2025-07-02T20:00:53Z 2001:569:BC15:6100:7412:A1EA:F9E0:D569 /* Formats and track listings */ 10368176 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Rise | cover = | alt = | border = | type = single | artist = [[Katy Perry]] | album = | released = July 14, 2016 | recorded = | studio = * [[MXM Studios]] (Stockholm, Sweden)<ref name=CD>{{cite web |url= https://www.amazon.de/Rise-2-Track-Perry-Katy/dp/B01J6PPM16 |title= Katy Perry: Rise (2 Track) |publisher= Amazon |access-date= February 2, 2017}}</ref> * [[MXM Studios]] (Los Angeles, California)<ref name=CD/> | venue = | genre = [[Electronic music|Electronic]] | length = 3:23 | label = [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] | writer = {{hlist|Katy Perry|[[Max Martin]]| [[Ali Payami]]|[[Savan Kotecha]]}} | producer = {{hlist|Max Martin|Ali Payami}} | prev_title = [[This Is How We Do]] | prev_year = 2014 | next_title = [[Chained to the Rhythm]] | next_year = 2017 | misc = {{External music video|{{YouTube|hdw1uKiTI5c|"Rise"}}}} }} '''Rise'''" is a song co-written and recorded by [[Americans|American]] [[singer-songwriter]] [[Katy Perry]]. The song was released on July 14, 2016. It was used in the [[2016 Summer Olympics]] in [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]]. She released the song because "[she] was inspired to finish it now, rather than save it for [her] next album, because now more than ever, there is a need for our world to unite."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ew.com/article/2016/07/14/katy-perry-new-song-rise/|title=Katy Perry releases surprise single 'Rise' for 2016 Rio Olympics|website=EW.com}}</ref> "Rise" has topped the iTunes charts of over 25 countries worldwide, including the [[U.S.]], [[UK]], [[Canada]], and [[Australia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/account/suspended|title=Twitter / Account Suspended|website=twitter.com}}</ref> The song entered the Australian ARIA Singles Chart at number 1<ref>http://cdn.aria.com.au/pdfs/1F2C26C902D508ABA62E7A01AC704A192BFF00CB9AA84B07621000DD3B4FF3D5/ARIA%20Singles%20Chart.pdf</ref> and reached number 3 in Scotland. The song reached the top 20 in the US and Canada. On October 17, 2017, the song was certified platinum in the US.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/chartdata/status/920398887650598912|title=US Certifications (@RIAA): @katyperry, Rise Platinum (1,000,000).|last=chart data|date=17 Oct 2017|website=@chartdata|language=fr|access-date=2017-10-18}}</ref> ==Music video== One music video for the song features Olympic athletes practicing for the Games. However, an official video was released and shows Perry climbing through different terrains with a red parachute. ==Reception== [[Critic]]s have said that the song was powerful and uplifting{{Cn}} but received mixed reviews. Daniel Kreps from ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' called producer Max Martin an "extraordinaire,"<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/hear-katy-perrys-victorious-olympics-anthem-rise-92007/|title=Hear Katy Perry's Victorious Olympics Anthem 'Rise'|first1=Daniel|last1=Kreps|first2=Daniel|last2=Kreps|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=15 July 2016}}</ref> while Brandon Caldwell from the ''Houston Press'' said that the song "just doesn’t fit the template of inspirational, fiery and get America ready to beat the rest of the world in sporting competitions. It just doesn’t fit the Olympics. Now, in terms of beating world issues? 'Rise' may have something there."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.houstonpress.com/music/katy-perrys-rise-why-this-song-sucks-8587523|title=Katy Perry's "Rise": Why This Song Sucks|first=Brandon|last=Caldwell|date=21 July 2016|website=Houston Press|access-date=15 February 2019|archive-date=11 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190211184055/https://www.houstonpress.com/music/katy-perrys-rise-why-this-song-sucks-8587523|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Credits and personnel== Credits adapted from [[Qobuz]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Rise - Katy Perry – Télécharger et écouter l'album|url=http://www.qobuz.com/fr-fr/album/rise-katy-perry/0060255709996|publisher=[[Qobuz]]|access-date=22 July 2016}}</ref> *[[Katy Perry]] – lead vocals, backing vocals, songwriter *[[Max Martin]] – producer, songwriter, backing vocals, programming, strings, trumpet * [[Ali Payami]] – producer, songwriter, drums, electric bass, guitar, horn, keyboards, percussion, programming, strings *[[Savan Kotecha]] – songwriter *Sam Holland – recording engineer *Jeremy Lertola – assistant recording engineer *Cory Bice – assistant recording engineer *Serban Ghenea – mixer *John Hanes – mix engineer ==Formats and track listings== *'''Digital download''' #"Rise"&nbsp;– 3:23 *'''CD'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Amazon.de|url=https://www.amazon.de/Rise-2-Track-Perry-Katy/dp/B01J6PPM16|access-date=2025-07-02|website=www.amazon.de|language=en-us}}</ref> #"Rise"&nbsp;– 3:23 #"Rise" (instrumental)&nbsp;– 3:23 *'''Digital download (remixes)'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Rise: The Remixes - Single|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/rise-remixes-single/1444875058|publisher=[[iTunes Store]]|location=USA|date=August 26, 2016|access-date=August 29, 2016}}</ref> #"Rise" ([[Purity Ring (band)|Purity Ring]] remix)&nbsp;– 3:32 #"Rise" (Monsieur Adi radio edit)&nbsp;– 4:01 #"Rise" ([[Tālā (musician)|Tālā]] remix)&nbsp;– 3:18 ==References== Songwriting credits from iTunes metadata. {{reflist}} {{music-stub}} {{Katy Perry}} [[Category:2016 songs]] [[Category:Katy Perry songs]] [[Category:Pop songs]] arbrlrhj0mo57km6x1ubzbtv75g8pjv 0 549919 10368570 9903476 2025-07-03T00:23:02Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Venues */ Typo: duplication 10368570 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox international football competition | tourney_name = 2015 Rugby World Cup | other_titles = | image = Rugby World Cup Trophy.JPG | size = 250px | alt = | caption = | country = {{flagicon|ENG}} [[England]] | dates = 18 September – 31 October | num_teams = 20 (96 qualifying) | confederations = 6 | associations = <!-- use only one of these two options --> | venues = 13 | cities = 11 | champion = | champion_other = {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Scotland|SCOTLAND FOREVER]] | count = 3 | second = | second_other = {{flagicon|NZL}} [[New Zealand national rugby union team|New Zealand]] | third = | third_other = {{flag|South Africa}} | fourth = | fourth_other = {{flag|Argentina}} | matches = | goals = | attendance = | top_scorer = | player = | young_player = | goalkeeper = | fair_play = | prevseason = [[2011 Rugby World Cup|2011]] | nextseason = [[2019 Rugby World Cup|2019]] }} The '''2015 Rugby World Cup''' was the 8th [[Rugby World Cup]] tournament. It was played in [[England]] from 18 September to 31 October.<ref>{{cite news |title=September 18 start date for RWC 2015 |url=http://rugbywc15.com/england-rugby-world-cup-fixtures-2015-schedule/ |publisher=International Rugby Board |date=15 May 2012 |access-date=15 May 2012 }}</ref> [[Scotland national rugby union team|Scotland]] won the tournament over [[Australia national rugby union team|Australia]] to win their 3rd title.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/oct/31/new-zealand-australia-rugby-world-cup-final-match-report|title=New Zealand retain Rugby World Cup with ruthless display against Australia|date=31 October 2015|work=Guardian|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref> 20 nations competed in the tournament. == Host nation == On 28 July 2009, the [[World Rugby|International Rugby Board]] chose England as the host for the 205 tournament, and [[Japan]] for the 2019 competition.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/rugbyunion/rugby-world-cup/5926689/England-2015-will-be-best-Rugby-World-Cup-ever-says-RFU-chief-Francis-Baron.html |title=England 2015 will be best Rugby World Cup ever, says RFU chief Francis Baron |date=28 July 2009 |work=Daily Telegraph |access-date=20 November 2013 |location=London}}</ref> [[Italy]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/main.jhtml?xml=/sport/2007/09/02/srbate102.xml |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |title=Diego Dominguez ready for Rugby World Cup |first=Rupert |last=Bates |date=2 September 2007 |access-date=23 April 2010 |archive-date=14 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014014704/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fsport%2F2007%2F09%2F02%2Fsrbate102.xml |url-status=dead }}</ref> Japan<ref name="Japan joins">[http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2009/may/08/japan-rugby-world-cup-england-south-africa Japan joins England and South Africa in bidding for Rugby World Cup], guardian.co.uk, 8 May 2009</ref> and [[South Africa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mattsports.co.uk/blog/30000-tickets-more-on-sale-for-rugby-wc-2015/|title=30,000 Tickets More on Sale for Rugby WC 2015|work=mattsports.co.uk|access-date=2016-08-07|archive-date=2015-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920232501/http://mattsports.co.uk/blog/30000-tickets-more-on-sale-for-rugby-wc-2015/|url-status=dead}}</ref> all wanted to host the tournament. == Venues == The final venues and schedule were all confirmed on 2 May 2013.<ref>{{cite news |title=RWC 2015 venues and schedule announced |url=http://www.rugbyworldcup.com/home/news/newsid=2066509.html |work=rugbyworldcup.com |publisher=International Rugby Board |date=2 May 2013 |access-date=2 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507111825/http://www.rugbyworldcup.com/home/news/newsid=2066509.html |archive-date=7 May 2013 }}</ref> <center> {{Clear}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ![[London]] !colspan=2|[[London]] !colspan=2|[[London]] ![[Cardiff]] ([[Wales]]) |- |[[Wembley Stadium]] |colspan=2|[[Twickenham Stadium|Twickenham]] |colspan=2|[[Olympic Stadium (London)|Olympic Stadium]] |[[Millennium Stadium]] |- |<small>{{coord|51|33|21|N|0|16|47|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline|name=Wembley Stadium}}</small> |colspan=2|<small>{{Coord|51|27|22|N|0|20|30|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline|name=Twickenham Stadium}}</small> |colspan=2|<small>{{coord|51|32|19|N|0|00|59|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline|name=Olympic Stadium (London)}}</small> |<small>{{Coord|51|28|40|N|3|11|00|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline|name=Millennium Stadium}}</small> |- |Capacity: '''90,000''' |colspan=2|Capacity: '''85,000''' |colspan=2|Capacity: '''56,000''' |Capacity: '''74,154''' |- |[[File:Wembley Stadium 2015 RWC.jpg|180px]] |colspan=2|[[File:2015 Rugby World Cup, Australia vs. Wales (21485242524) (cropped).jpg|180px]] |colspan=2|[[File:Olympic Stadium (London) rugby layout.jpg|180px]] |[[File:Millennium Stadium RWC2015.jpg|180px]] |- ![[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]] !rowspan=10 colspan=4| {{Location map+ |England |float=center |width=400 |length=800 |caption={{center|1=Location of the 13 stadia to host rugby matches at the 2015 IRB World Cup announced on 2 May 2013}} |places= {{Location map~ |England |lat=51.555862 |long=-0.279561 |label=<div style="font-size:70%;">[[Wembley Stadium|Wembley]]</div>|position=top|mark=Arrows 12x12 s.svg}} {{Location map~ |England |lat=51.538611 |long=-0.016389 |label=<div style="font-size:70%;">[[Olympic Stadium (London)|Olympic Stadium]]</div>|position=right|mark=Arrows 12x12 w.svg}} {{Location map~ |England |lat=51.455999 |long=-0.341585 |label=<div style="font-size:70%;">[[Twickenham Stadium|Twickenham]]</div>|position=bottom|mark=Arrows 12x12 n.svg}} {{Location map~ |England |lat=52.509167 |long=-1.884722 |label=[[Villa Park]]|position=left}} {{Location map~ |England |lat=50.861822 |long=-0.083278 |label=[[Falmer Stadium|Brighton Community Stadium]]|position=right}} {{Location map~ |England |lat=53.483056 |long=-2.200278 |label=[[City of Manchester Stadium|Manchester City Stadium]]|position=right}} {{Location map~ |England |lat=50.7008 |long=-3.7067 |label=[[Sandy Park]]|position=right}} {{Location map~ |England |lat=51.477778 |long=-3.183333 |label=[[Millennium Stadium]]|position=left}} {{Location map~ |England |lat=51.871668 |long=-2.242778 |label=[[Kingsholm Stadium]]|position=left}} {{Location map~ |England |lat=53.777778 |long=-1.572222 |label=[[Elland Road]]|position=left}} {{Location map~ |England |lat=52.620278 |long=-1.142222 |label=[[Leicester City Stadium]]|position=right}} {{Location map~ |England |lat=52.009444 |long=-0.733333 |label=[[Stadium mk]]|position=right}} {{Location map~ |England |lat=54.975556 |long=-1.621667 |label=[[St James' Park]]|position=left}} }} ![[Manchester]] |- |[[St James' Park]] |[[City of Manchester Stadium|Manchester City Stadium]] |- |Capacity: '''52,409''' |Capacity: '''55,097'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espnfc.co.uk/manchester-city/story/2561705/man-city-stadium-to-become-premier-league-third-largest |title=Manchester City stadium to become Premier League's third largest |date=13 August 2015 |access-date=10 October 2015 |publisher=ESPN }}</ref> |- |<small>{{coord|54|58|32|N|1|37|18|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline|name=St James' Park}}</small> |<small>{{Coord|53|28|59|N|2|12|1|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline|name=City of Manchester Stadium}}</small> |- |[[File:St James Park.jpg|180px]] |[[File:City of Manchester Stadium East Stand.jpg|180px]] |- ![[Birmingham]] ![[Leeds]] |- |[[Villa Park]] |[[Elland Road]] |- |Capacity: '''42,785''' |Capacity: '''37,914''' |- |<small>{{Coord|52|30|33|N|1|53|5|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline|name=Villa Park}}</small> |<small>{{coord|53|46|40|N|1|34|20|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline|name=Elland Road}}</small> |- |[[File:Villa Park.jpg|180px]] |[[File:Elland Road, East Stand.jpg|180px]] |- ![[Leicester]] ![[Brighton]] !colspan=2|[[Milton Keynes]] ![[Gloucester]] ![[Exeter]] |- |[[King Power Stadium|Leicester City Stadium]] |[[Falmer Stadium|Brighton Community Stadium]] |colspan=2|[[Stadium mk]] |[[Kingsholm Stadium]] |[[Sandy Park]] |- |<small>{{Coord|52|37|13|N|1|8|32|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline|name=Leicester City Stadium}}</small> |<small>{{coord|50|51|42|N|0|4|59.80|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline|name=Brighton Community Stadium}}</small> |colspan=2|<small>{{coord|52|00|34|N|00|44|00|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline|name=Stadium MK}}</small> |<small>{{Coord|51|52|18|N|2|14|34|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline|name=Kingsholm Stadium}}</small> |<small>{{Coord|50|42|33.51|N|3|28|3.26|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline|name=Sandy Park}}</small> |- |Capacity: '''32,312''' |Capacity: '''30,750''' |colspan=2|Capacity: '''30,717''' |Capacity: '''16,500''' |Capacity: '''12,300''' |- |[[File:The Walkers Stadium, Leicester - geograph.org.uk - 143206.jpg|180px]] |[[File:West Stand - Amex Stadium - geograph.org.uk - 2634148.jpg|180px]] |colspan=2|[[File:Denbigh stadium east stand 16 May 07.JPG|180px]] |[[File:Kingsholm in 2007.jpg|180px]] |[[File:Sandy Park 3 - geograph-376587.jpg|180px]] |}</center> == Teams == [[File:Rugby World Cup 2015.svg|thumb|400px|{{legend|#2020d0|Country qualified for World Cup}} {{legend|#f0c020|Country failed to qualify}} {{legend|#ababab|Country not an IRB member}}]] 12 of these teams qualified just from playing well in the last tournament, and the other 8 played in regional tournaments to qualify. {| | valign="top" width="260" | '''Asia''' * {{flag|Japan}} '''Africa''' * {{flag|South Africa}} * {{flag|Namibia}} '''South America''' * {{flag|Argentina}} * {{flag|Uruguay}} '''North America''' * {{flag|Canada}} * {{flag|United States}} | valign="top" width="260" | '''Europe''' * {{flag|England}} * {{flag|France}} * {{flag|Georgia}} * {{flag|Ireland}} * {{flag|Italy}} * <s>{{flag|Romania}}</s> (withdrew) * {{flag|Scotland}} * {{flag|Turkey}} * {{flag|Wales}} | valign="top" width="260" | '''Oceania''' * {{flag|Australia}} * {{flag|Fiji}} * {{flag|New Zealand}} * {{flag|Samoa}} * {{flag|Tonga}} |} == Pool stage == === Pool A === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- !width=30 abbr="Position" |Pos !width=180 |Team !width=28 abbr="Played" |Pld !width=28 abbr="Won" |W !width=28 abbr="Drawn" |D !width=28 abbr="Lost" |L !width=28 abbr="Lost" |TF !width=28 abbr="Goals for" |PF !width=28 abbr="Goals against" |PA !width=28 abbr="Goal difference" |+/− !width=28 abbr="Goals against" |BP !width=28 abbr="Points" |Pts !width=300 |Qualification |- bgcolor=#BBF3BB |1 |align=left|{{flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia national rugby union team|Australia]] |4||4||0||0||17||141||35||+106||1||'''17''' |rowspan=2|Advanced to the quarter-finals and qualified for the 2019 Rugby World Cup |- bgcolor=#BBF3BB |2 |align=left|{{flag|Wales}} |4||3||0||1||11||111||62||+49||1||'''13''' |- bgcolor=#ffffcc |3 |align=left|{{flag|England}} |4||2||0||2||16||133||75||+58||3||'''11''' |rowspan=1|Qualified for the 2019 Rugby World Cup |- bgcolor= |4 |align=left|{{flag|Fiji}} |4||1||0||3||10||84||101||–17||1||'''5''' |rowspan=2| |- bgcolor= |5 |align=left|{{flag|Uruguay}} |4||0||0||4||2||30||226||–196||0||'''0''' |} === Pool B === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- !width=30 abbr="Position" |Pos !width=180 |Team !width=28 abbr="Played" |Pld !width=28 abbr="Won" |W !width=28 abbr="Drawn" |D !width=28 abbr="Lost" |L !width=28 abbr="Lost" |TF !width=28 abbr="Goals for" |PF !width=28 abbr="Goals against" |PA !width=28 abbr="Goal difference" |+/− !width=28 abbr="Goals against" |BP !width=28 abbr="Points" |Pts !width=300 |Qualification |- bgcolor=#BBF3BB |1 |align=left|{{flag|South Africa}} |4||3||0||1||23||176||56||+120||4||'''16''' |rowspan=2|Advanced to the quarter-finals and qualified for the 2019 Rugby World Cup |- bgcolor=#BBF3BB |2 |align=left|{{flag|Scotland}} |4||3||0||1||14||136||93||+43||2||'''14''' |- bgcolor=#ffffcc |3 |align=left|{{flag|Japan}} |4||3||0||1||9||98||100||–2||0||'''12''' |rowspan=1|Qualified for the 2019 Rugby World Cup |- bgcolor= |4 |align=left|{{flag|Samoa}} |4||1||0||3||7||69||124||–55||2||'''6''' |rowspan=2| |- bgcolor= |5 |align=left|{{flag|United States}} |4||0||0||4||5||50||156||–106||0||'''0''' |} === Pool C === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- !width=30 abbr="Position" |Pos !width=180 |Team !width=28 abbr="Played" |Pld !width=28 abbr="Won" |W !width=28 abbr="Drawn" |D !width=28 abbr="Lost" |L !width=28 abbr="Lost" |TF !width=28 abbr="Goals for" |PF !width=28 abbr="Goals against" |PA !width=28 abbr="Goal difference" |+/− !width=28 abbr="Goals against" |BP !width=28 abbr="Points" |Pts !width=300 |Qualification |- bgcolor=#BBF3BB |1 |align=left|{{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[New Zealand national rugby union team|New Zealand]] |4||4||0||0||25||174||49||+125||3||'''19''' |rowspan=2|Advanced to the quarter-finals and qualified for the 2019 Rugby World Cup |- bgcolor=#BBF3BB |2 |align=left|{{flag|Argentina}} |4||3||0||1||22||179||70||+109||3||'''15''' |- bgcolor=#ffffcc |3 |align=left|{{flag|Georgia}} |4||2||0||2||5||53||123||–70||0||'''8''' |rowspan=1|Qualified for the 2019 Rugby World Cup |- bgcolor= |4 |align=left|{{flag|Tonga}} |4||1||0||3||8||70||130||–60||2||'''6''' |rowspan=2| |- bgcolor= |5 |align=left|{{flag|Namibia}} |4||0||0||4||8||70||174||–104||1||'''1''' |} === Pool D === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- !width=30 abbr="Position" |Pos !width=180 |Team !width=28 abbr="Played" |Pld !width=28 abbr="Won" |W !width=28 abbr="Drawn" |D !width=28 abbr="Lost" |L !width=28 abbr="Lost" |TF !width=28 abbr="Goals for" |PF !width=28 abbr="Goals against" |PA !width=28 abbr="Goal difference" |+/− !width=28 abbr="Goals against" |BP !width=28 abbr="Points" |Pts !width=300 |Qualification |- bgcolor=#BBF3BB |1 |align=left|{{flag|Ireland}} |4||4||0||0||16||134||35||+99||2||'''18''' |rowspan=2|Advanced to the quarter-finals and qualified for the 2019 Rugby World Cup |- bgcolor=#BBF3BB |2 |align=left|{{flag|France}} |4||3||0||1||12||120||63||+57||2||'''14''' |- bgcolor=#ffffcc |3 |align=left|{{flag|Italy}} |4||2||0||2||7||74||88||–14||2||'''10''' |rowspan=1|Qualified for the 2019 Rugby World Cup |- bgcolor= |4 |align=left|{{flag|Turkey}} |4||1||0||3||7||60||129||–69||0||'''4''' |rowspan=2| |- bgcolor= |5 |align=left|{{flag|Canada}} |4||0||0||4||7||58||131||–73||2||'''2''' |} == Knockout stage == {{Round8-with third2 <!--Date-Place/Team 1/Score 1/Team 2/Score 2 --> <!--quarter finals --> |17 October — [[London|London (Twickenham)]]|'''{{flag|South Africa}}'''|'''23'''|{{flag|Wales}}|19 |17 October — [[Millennium Stadium|Cardiff]]|'''{{flag|New Zealand}}'''|'''62'''|{{flag|France}}|13 |18 October— [[Millennium Stadium|Cardiff]]|{{flag|Ireland}}|20|'''{{flag|Argentina}}'''|'''43''' |18 October — [[London|London (Twickenham)]]|{{flag|Australia}}|35|'''{{flag|Scotland}}'''|'''36''' <!-- semi finals --> |24 October — [[London|London (Twickenham)]]|{{flag|South Africa}}|18|'''{{flag|New Zealand}}'''|20 |25 October — [[London|London (Twickenham)]]|{{flag|Argentina}}|15|'''{{flag|Scotland}}'''|'''29''' <!--final --> |31 October — [[London|London (Twickenham)]]|{{flag|New Zealand}}|34|'''{{flag|Scotland}}'''|'''35''' <!--third place --> |30 October — [[London|London (Olmypic)]]|'''{{flag|South Africa}}'''|'''24'''|{{flag|Argentina}}|13 }} == Statistics == [[File:Nicolas Sanchez 2015 RWC.jpg|thumb|Nicolás Sánchez was the top point-scorer.|200px|right]] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;width:40%" |- |+ Top points scorers |- ! style="width:12%"|Player ! style="width:12%"|Team ! style="width:4%"|Points |- |align=left|[[Nicolás Sánchez (rugby union)|Nicolás Sánchez]] |align=left|{{flag|Argentina}} |97 |- |align=left|[[Handré Pollard]] |align=left|{{flag|South Africa}} |93 |- |align=left|[[Bernard Foley]] |align=left|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Australia national rugby union team|Australia]] |82 |- |align=left|[[Dan Carter]] |align=left|{{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[New Zealand national rugby union team|New Zealand]] |82 |- |align=left|[[Greig Laidlaw]] |align=left|{{flag|Scotland}} |79 |- |align=left|[[Ayumu Goromaru]] |align=left|{{flag|Japan}} |58 |- |} ===Overall=== * Total number of points scored: '''2,439''' * Average points per match: '''50.8''' * Total number of tries scored: '''271''' <small>(including 6 penalty tries)</small> * Average tries per match: '''5.65''' * Total number of braces: '''26''' * Total number of hat-tricks: '''8''' * Total number of conversions missed: '''77''' * Total number of conversions scored: '''194''' * Conversion success rate: '''71.6%''' * Total number of penalty goals missed: '''64''' * Total number of penalty goals scored: '''227''' * Penalty goal success rate: '''78.0%''' * Total number of drop goals scored: '''8''' * Total number of penalty tries awarded: '''6''' == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == * {{Official website}} [[Category:2015 in European sport]] [[Category:2015 in the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Rugby union in Europe]] [[Category:Sport in the United Kingdom]] [[Category:September 2015 events]] [[Category:October 2015 events]] rbzqjrowh4h9lpaz3pm7cm6wdx4b1zd 0 551473 10368997 9390889 2025-07-03T05:38:36Z Julipero 1604351 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 10368997 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Sèvre Nantaise | image = Sèvre_Nantaise_near_Le_Longeron.jpg | image_size = 250px | map = Sèvre Nantaise.png | native_name ={{native name|fr|La Sèvre nantaise}} | image_caption = The Sèvre Nantaise, near [[Tiffauges]] | source1_location = [[Deux-Sèvres]] | mouth_location = [[Loire]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|47|11|46|N|1|32|49|W|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | progression = {{RLoire}} | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[France]] | length = {{convert|141.8|km|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|215|m|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = {{convert|9.5|m3/s|abbr=on}} | basin_size = {{convert|2,356|km2|abbr=on}} }} The '''Sèvre Nantaise''' is a river in western [[France]], a left [[tributary]] of the [[Loire River|Loire]] river. It starts in the [[Deux-Sèvres]] [[Departments of France|department]] (named "Two Sèvres" after this and the [[Sèvre Niortaise]] river that flows through [[Niort]]) and ends in the city of [[Nantes]] (and is the origin of the second part of the river's name). ==Geography== The Sèvre Nantaise river has a length of {{Convert|141.8|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} and a [[drainage basin]] with an area of approximately {{Convert|2356|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on }}.<ref name="sandre">{{cite web |url=http://services.sandre.eaufrance.fr/Courdo/Fiche/client/fiche_courdo.php?CdSandre=M7--0240 |title=La Sèvre Nantaise M7--0240) |publisher=SANDRE - Portail national d'accès aux référentiels sur l'eau |language=French |accessdate=23 August 2016 |date= |archive-date=27 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627021329/http://services.sandre.eaufrance.fr/Courdo/Fiche/client/fiche_courdo.php?CdSandre=M7--0240 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Its average yearly [[Discharge (hydrology)|discharge]] ([[volume]] of [[water]] which passes through a section of the river per [[Unit of measurement|unit]] of [[time]]) is {{Convert|23.60|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on }} at [[Nantes]], where the Sèvre Nantaise joins the Loire river.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hydro.eaufrance.fr/stations/M7502410%26procedure%3Dsynthese |title=La Sèvre Nantaise à Nantes (Pont-Rousseau) |publisher=Banque Hydro |language=French |accessdate=19 April 2017 |date= |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303195837/http://www.hydro.eaufrance.fr/stations/M7502410%26procedure%3Dsynthese |url-status=dead }}</ref> <center> <timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.7) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.7,0.8) ImageSize = width:500 height:300 PlotArea = left:50 bottom:30 top:30 right:30 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:70 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:10 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:5 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:Jan text:Jan. bar:Feb text:Feb. bar:Mar text:Mar. bar:Apr text:Apr. bar:May text:May bar:Jun text:Jun. bar:Jul text:Jul. bar:Aug text:Aug. bar:Sep text:Sep. bar:Oct text:Oct. bar:Nov text:Nov. bar:Dec text:Dec. PlotData= color:barra width:20 align:left bar:Jan from:0 till: 62.80 bar:Feb from:0 till: 51.60 bar:Mar from:0 till: 34.90 bar:Apr from:0 till: 20.60 bar:May from:0 till: 13.50 bar:Jun from:0 till: 5.96 bar:Jul from:0 till: 3.59 bar:Aug from:0 till: 2.68 bar:Sep from:0 till: 3.97 bar:Oct from:0 till: 12.00 bar:Nov from:0 till: 26.40 bar:Dec from:0 till: 46.60 PlotData= bar:Jan at: 62.80 fontsize:S text: 62.80 shift:(-8,5) bar:Feb at: 51.60 fontsize:S text: 51.60 shift:(-12,5) bar:Mar at: 34.90 fontsize:S text: 34.90 shift:(-12,5) bar:Apr at: 20.60 fontsize:S text: 20.60 shift:(-12,5) bar:May at: 13.50 fontsize:S text: 13.50 shift:(-12,5) bar:Jun at: 5.96 fontsize:S text: 5.96 shift:(-12,5) bar:Jul at: 3.59 fontsize:S text: 3.59 shift:(-12,5) bar:Aug at: 2.68 fontsize:S text: 2.68 shift:(-10,5) bar:Sep at: 3.97 fontsize:S text: 3.97 shift:(-10,5) bar:Oct at: 12.00 fontsize:S text: 12.00 shift:(-12,5) bar:Nov at: 26.40 fontsize:S text: 26.40 shift:(-12,5) bar:Dec at: 46.60 fontsize:S text: 46.60 shift:(-12,5) </timeline> '''Average monthly discharge (m<sup>3</sup>/s) at Nantes''' </center> ===Course=== The Sèvre Nantaise starts in the ''Gâtines'' [[plateau]], ''commune'' of [[Neuvy-Bouin]], near the ''commune'' of [[Secondigny]] in the Deux-Sèvres department, at an [[elevation]] of about {{Convert|210|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geoportail.gouv.fr/accueil?c=-0.49,46.6125&z=0.000224579&l=GEOGRAPHICALGRIDSYSTEMS.MAPS.3D$GEOPORTAIL:OGC:WMTS@aggregate(1)&permalink=yes |title=Source de la Sèvre Nantaise |publisher=Géoportail |language=French |accessdate=23 August 2016 |date= }}</ref> It then flows to the northwest through the departments of [[Vendée]], [[Maine-et-Loire]] and [[Loire-Atlantique]]. Finally, the river flows into the Loire river in the city of Nantes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geoportail.gouv.fr/accueil?c=-1.547778,47.197222&z=0.000224579&l=GEOGRAPHICALGRIDSYSTEMS.MAPS.3D$GEOPORTAIL:OGC:WMTS@aggregate(1)&permalink=yes |title=Confluence de la Sèvre Nantaise |publisher=Géoportail |language=French |accessdate=23 August 2016 |date= }}</ref> The Sèvre Nantaise flows through 2 [[Regions of France|regions]], 4 departments and 44 ''communes'':<ref name="sandre" /> * [[Nouvelle-Aquitaine]] region ** [[Deux-Sèvres]]: 15 ''communes''. * [[Pays de la Loire]] region ** [[Vendée]]: 15 ''communes''. ** [[Maine-et-Loire]]: two ''communes''. ** [[Loire-Atlantique]]: 12 ''communes''. ==Main tributaries == The main [[Tributary|tributaries]] of the Sèvre Nantaise river are:<ref name="sandre" /> {| | width="60%" valign="top"| Left tributaries: * Crûme - 22.7&nbsp;km * Maine - 68.4&nbsp;km | valign="top"| Right tributaries: * Ouin - 33.7&nbsp;km * Moine - 68.8&nbsp;km * Sanguèze - 44&nbsp;km |} ==Gallery== <gallery mode="packed"> Rezé-Port Morinière.jpg|The Sèvre Nantaise in Port Morinière, [[Rezé]] Vertou pontPortillon.JPG|The Sèvre Nantaise and the Portillon [[bridge]] in [[Vertou]] Vertou châteauPortillon.jpg|The Château de Portillon and Sèvre Nantaise in [[Vertou]] Nantes-Sèvre.JPG|The Sèvre Nantaise in [[Nantes]] </gallery> ==Related pages== * [[List of rivers of France]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category|Sèvre Nantaise}} * [http://www.hydro.eaufrance.fr/stations/M7502410&procedure=synthese Banque Hydro - Station M7502410 - La Sèvre Nantaise à Nantes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303195837/http://www.hydro.eaufrance.fr/stations/M7502410%26procedure%3Dsynthese |date=2016-03-03 }} {{in lang|fr}} * [http://visitevirtuelle.sevre-nantaise.com/ Visite virtuelle du basin de la Sèvre Nantaise] {{in lang|fr}} [[Category:Rivers of Nouvelle-Aquitaine]] [[Category:Rivers of Pays de la Loire]] mdpea9awq11zivvozer3ouywd5asa71 0 558245 10368539 8856432 2025-07-03T00:09:53Z Ferien 1011873 Nominated for deletion; see [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/21 Mincing Lane]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368539 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|Fails [[:w:en:WP:NBUILDING]].}} {{Infobox building | name=21 Mincing Lane | image= Mincing_Lane,_London.jpg | caption = | status= | completion_date= 1990 | building_type= | location= City of London | coordinates = | architectural_style=postmoderism | top_floor= | roof= {{convert|74|m|ft|abbr=on}} | floor_count=14 | floor_area= | elevator_count= | architect= GMW Architects | references = }} The '''Minster Court''' complex, at '''21 Mincing Lane''', is an important building in the [[City of London]]. The London Underwriting Centre (LUC) is there. It runs in parallel with the Underwriting Room at [[Lloyd's of London]]. It may be visited by up to 4,000 [[broker]]s each day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skyscrapernews.com/buildings.php?id=139|title=No.1 Minster Court, London - Building #139|access-date=23 October 2016|archive-date=22 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822025321/http://www.skyscrapernews.com/buildings.php?id=139|url-status=dead}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in the City of London]] myuwl5gtxoo5r6dbstljkmtgkasa2dc 3 558253 10368540 5507134 2025-07-03T00:09:53Z Ferien 1011873 Notification: listing at [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] of [[21 Mincing Lane]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368540 wikitext text/x-wiki == October 2016 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Your recent change appears to have added wrong information and has been removed. If you think the information that you added was correct, please [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|provide a source]] for the change or discuss it on the article's [[Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines|talk page]]. Please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]] for any tests that you wish to make. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-error1 --> [[User:Chenzw|<span style="color:rgb(96,0,0)">Chenzw</span>]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[User_talk:Chenzw|<span style="font-size:10px;color:rgb(96,0,0)">Talk</span>]]&nbsp; 09:42, 23 October 2016 (UTC) *Do not redirect pages without discussion. [[User:Macdonald-ross|Macdonald-ross]] ([[User talk:Macdonald-ross|talk]]) 11:30, 23 October 2016 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of 21 Mincing Lane== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:21 Mincing Lane]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/21 Mincing Lane]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 00:09, 3 July 2025 (UTC) 1xgltagw0koab59c7x30omdlltogs9t 0 562423 10368893 10323966 2025-07-03T03:53:50Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{no sources}} {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Septic shock | image = Gabriel Metsu - La Fille malade.jpg | caption = [[Sepsis]] is one of the most common causes of death in critically ill patients in [[intensive care unit]]s. Oil by [[Gabriël Metsu]]. | field = [[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]], [[critical care medicine]], [[emergency medicine]] | specialty = | symptoms = | complications = | onset = | duration = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} [[File:Trombocitopenia 01.JPG|thumb|[[Thrombocytopenia]] with purpura on right hand in patient with septic shock]] '''Septic shock''' is a medical condition which can result from [[sepsis]]. Sepsis is a special form of [[infection]]. With septic shock, the [[blood circulation|circulation]] of [[blood]] changes or stops. This makes septic shock a [[medical emergency]], which is usually treated in [[intensive care]]. Between a quarter and half the people with the condition die. Treatment is usually done in the following steps: # Stabilizing, restarting blood circulation, usually by giving fluids # Treatment of the infection # Coping with organ failures ==Other websites== {{Medical resources | DiseasesDB = 11960 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|R|57|2|a|30}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|785.52}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 000668 | eMedicineSubj = | eMedicineTopic = | MeshID = D012772 }} {{Shock types}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Septic Shock}} [[Category:Medical emergencies]] [[Category:Intensive care medicine]] [[Category:Causes of death]] [[Category:Sepsis]] [[Category:Shock (Medicine)]] 4fd72i5gw9i0qvsdu4f12s6plmxjwse 0 562756 10369191 9217418 2025-07-03T08:19:03Z 180.150.36.182 10369191 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Day of the Dead''' ({{lang-es|[[:es:Día de Muertos|Día de Muertos]]}}) is a [[Mexican people|Mexican]] holiday celebrated in Mexico known around the world by the [[skull]] painting face. It is celebrated by people of Mexico living in other places, especially the [[United States]]. Family and friends gather for this multi-day [[holiday]] to pray for and remember friends and family members who have died while creating an [[Ofrenda]]. They do Ofrenda on a altar at home and also on the grave. It is also to help support their [[spiritual]] journey. In 2008, the [[tradition]] was inscribed in the [[Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity]] by [[UNESCO]].<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web|url= http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/RL/00054 |title=Indigenous festivity dedicated to the dead |publisher= UNESCO |access-date=October 31, 2014}}</ref> The origin of the day of the dead comes from a mix of culture. Aztec and Christian are the main influence of it. In some countries people use sugar skull painting for Halloween but it is not the same celebration. Everyone is welcomed to join in on the celebration, but nearly everyone in Mexico celebrates it. The Day of the Dead is a holiday celebrated all throughout Mexico. It is a day to celebrate, remember and prepare special [[food]]s in honor of those who have died. The traditional food is the bread of the dead (pan de muertos). People paint there faces to match Caleveras. The famous decoration is the [[google:sugar+skull&rlz=1CAOUAQ_enUS1032&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiHk6Gw77D7AhVQJUQIHZb9AscQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1366&bih=665&dpr=1&safe=active&ssui=on|sugar]] skulls, Marigolds, and candles. People believe the spirit of the dead goes and visits their families from October 31 (aka [[Halloween]]) then leaves on November 2. The Day of the Dead is held every year on the [[google:dia+de+los+muertos+dates&rlz=1CAOUAQ_enUS1032&oq=dia+de+los+muertos+date&aqs=chrome.0.0i512j69i57j0i512l5.10174j1j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&safe=active&ssui=on|2nd]] of November in Mexico. This Mexican holiday is celebrated because families do it to honor their loved ones who have passed. == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Festivals in North America]] [[Category:November observances]] [[Category:Mexican culture]] 827haw23hw02wvzcycc5th1gksp7y92 0 563800 10368889 9754409 2025-07-03T03:48:18Z NicholasHui 862041 /* Regular season and playoffs */ 10368889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2016}} {{Infobox ice hockey player | name = Connor McDavid | image = Connor McDavid 2-FEB-2022.jpg | caption = McDavid playing with the Oilers on Feburary 2, 2022 | image_size = 230px | alt = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1997|1|13}} | birth_place = [[Richmond Hill, Ontario]], Canada<!--- Hometown ≠ birthplace; do not change to Newmarket ---> | height_ft = 6 | height_in = 1 | weight_lb = 193 | position = [[Centre (ice hockey)|Centre]] | shoots = Left | league = [[National Hockey League|NHL]] | team = [[Edmonton Oilers]] | ntl_team = CAN | draft = 1st overall | draft_year = 2015 | draft_team = [[Edmonton Oilers]] | career_start = 2015 }} '''Connor McDavid''' (born January 13, 1997) is a [[Canadians|Canadian]] [[ice hockey]] [[Centre (ice hockey)|centre]] and [[Captain (ice hockey)|captain]] for the [[Edmonton Oilers]] of the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL). ==Career statistics== <!-- PLEASE DO NOT UPDATE STATISTICS MID-SEASON, AS IT CREATES MORE PROBLEMS THAN IT SOLVES, AND WIKIPEDIA'S PURPOSE IS NOT TO PROVIDE UP-TO-THE-MINUTE STATISTICS. PLEASE SAVE THE UPDATING OF STATISTICS UNTIL THE END OF THE REGULAR SEASON AND/OR PLAYOFFS. UPDATED STATISTICS WILL BE REVERTED. --> ===Regular season and playoffs=== <small>'''Bold''' indicates led league</small> {| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="width:60em; text-align:center;" |- style="background:#e0e0e0;" ! colspan="3" style="background:#fff;"| &nbsp; ! rowspan="99" style="background:#fff;"| &nbsp; ! colspan="5" | [[Regular season|Regular&nbsp;season]] ! rowspan="99" style="background:#fff;"| &nbsp; ! colspan="5" | [[Playoffs]] |- style="background:#e0e0e0;" ! [[Season (sports)|Season]] ! Team ! League ! GP !! [[Goal (ice hockey)|G]] !! [[Assist (ice hockey)|A]] !! [[Point (ice hockey)|Pts]] !! [[Penalty (ice hockey)|PIM]] ! GP !! G !! A !! Pts !! PIM |- style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 2011–12 | [[Toronto Marlboros]] | [[Greater Toronto Hockey League|GTHL U16 AAA]] | 88 || 79 || 130 || 209 || — | — || — || — || — || — |- | 2011–12 | [[Toronto Marlboros]] | [[Greater Toronto Hockey League|GTHL U16]] | 33 || 27 || 50 || 77 || 14 | — || — || — || — || — |- style="background:#f0f0f0;" | [[2012–13 OHL season|2012–13]] | [[Erie Otters]] | [[Ontario Hockey League|OHL]] | 63 || 25 || 41 || 66 || 36 | — || — || — || — || — |- | [[2013–14 OHL season|2013–14]] | Erie Otters | OHL | 57|| 28 || 71 || 99 || 20 | 14 || 4 || 15 || 19 || 2 |- style="background:#f0f0f0;" | [[2014–15 OHL season|2014–15]] | Erie Otters | OHL | 47 || 44 || 76 || 120 || 48 | 20 || 21 || 28 || 49 || 12 |- |[[2015–16 NHL season|2015–16]] |[[Edmonton Oilers]] | [[National Hockey League|NHL]] | 45 || 16 || 32 || 48 || 18 | — || — || — || — || — |- style="background:#f0f0f0;" | [[2016–17 NHL season|2016–17]] | Edmonton Oilers | NHL | 82 || 30 || '''70''' || '''100''' || 26 | 13 || 5 || 4 || 9 || 2 |- |[[2017–18 NHL season|2017–18]] | Edmonton Oilers | NHL | 82 || 41 || 67 || '''108''' || 26 | — || — || — || — || — |- style="background:#f0f0f0;" | [[2018–19 NHL season|2018–19]] | Edmonton Oilers | NHL | 78 || 41 || 75 || 116 || 20 | — || — || — || — || — |- |[[2019–20 NHL season|2019–20]] | Edmonton Oilers | NHL | 64 || 34 || 63 || 97 || 28 | 4 || 5 || 4 || 9 || 2 |- style="background:#f0f0f0;" |[[2020–21 NHL season|2020–21]] | Edmonton Oilers | NHL | 56 || 33 || 72 || 105 || 20 | 4 || 1 || 3 || 4 || 0 |- |[[2021–22 NHL season|2021–22]] | Edmonton Oilers | NHL | 80 || 44 || 79 || 123 || 45 | 16 || 10 || 23 || 33 || 10 |- style="background:#f0f0f0;" |[[2022–23 NHL season|2022–23]] | Edmonton Oilers | NHL | 82 || 64 || 89 || 153 || 36 | 12 || 8 || 12 || 20 || 0 |- |[[2023–24 NHL season|2023–24]] | Edmonton Oilers | NHL | 76 || 32 || 100 || 132 || 30 | 25 || 8 || 34 || 42 || 10 |- style="background:#f0f0f0;" |[[2024–25 NHL season|2024–25]] | Edmonton Oilers | NHL | 67 || 26 || 74 || 100 || 37 | 22 || 7 || 26 || 33 || 4 |- style="background:#e0e0e0;" ! colspan="3"|NHL totals ! 712 !! 361 !! 721 !! 1082 !! 286 ! 96 !! 44 !! 106 !! 150 !! 28 |} ===International=== {{MedalTableTop|McDavid CAN.png|220px|McDavid with Team Canada in 2016|name = }} {{MedalCountry | {{ih|CAN}} }} {{MedalSport | [[Ice hockey]]}} {{MedalCompetition | [[Ice Hockey World Championships|World Championships]]}} {{MedalGold | [[2016 IIHF World Championship|2016 Russia]] | }} {{MedalCompetition|[[IIHF World U20 Championship|World Junior Championships]]}} {{MedalGold | [[2015 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships|2015 Canada]] | }} {{MedalCompetition|[[IIHF World U18 Championship|World U18 Championships]]}} {{MedalGold | [[2013 IIHF World U18 Championships|2013 Russia]] | }} {{MedalBottom}} {| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="width:40em; text-align:center;" |- bgcolor="#e0e0e0" ! Year ! Team ! Event ! Result ! rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"|&nbsp; ! GP ! G ! A ! Pts ! PIM |- | [[2013 IIHF World U18 Championships|2013]] | [[Canada men's national under-18 ice hockey team|Canada]] | [[IIHF World U18 Championship|U18]] | {{goca}} | 7 | 8 | 6 | 14 | 2 |- bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | [[2014 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships|2014]] | [[Canada men's national junior ice hockey team|Canada]] | [[IIHF World U20 Championship|WJC]] | 4th | 7 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 |- | [[2015 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships|2015]] | Canada | WJC | {{goca}} | 7 | 3 | 8 | 11 | 0 |- bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | [[2016 IIHF World Championships|2016]] | [[Canada men's national ice hockey team|Canada]] | [[Ice Hockey World Championships|WC]] | {{goca}} | 10 | 1 | 8 | 9 | 6 |- | [[2016 World Cup of Hockey|2016]] | [[Team North America (World Cup of Hockey 2016)|Team North America]] | [[World Cup of Hockey|WCH]] | 5th | 3 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 4 |- bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | [[2018 IIHF World Championship|2018]] | Canada | WC | 4th | 10 | 5 | 12 | 17 | 10 |- bgcolor="#e0e0e0" ! colspan="4"|Junior totals ! 21 ! 12 ! 17 ! 29 ! 6 |- bgcolor="#e0e0e0" ! colspan="4"|Senior totals ! 23 ! 6 ! 23 ! 29 ! 20 |} ==Awards and honours== {| class="wikitable" ! Award ! Year ! |- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#e0e0e0" | colspan="3" | [[Ontario Hockey League|OHL]] |- | [[Jack Ferguson Award]] - Top Pick in OHL Priority Selection Draft | [[2011–12 OHL season|2012]] | |- | [[Emms Family Award]] -Rookie of the Year | [[2012–13 OHL season|2013]] | |- | First All-Rookie Team | [[2012–13 OHL season|2013]] | |- |[[Bobby Smith Trophy]] - Scholastic Player of the Year |[[2013–14 OHL season|2014]] | |- | [[William Hanley Trophy]] - Most Sportsmanlike Player | [[2013–14 OHL season|2014]] |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ontariohockeyleague.com/article/connor-mcdavid-named-most-sportsmanlike/161726|title=Connor McDavid named most sportsmanlike|date=April 11, 2014|publisher=[[Ontario Hockey League]]|access-date=May 20, 2014}}</ref> |- |[[Bobby Smith Trophy]] - Scholastic Player of the Year |[[2014-15 OHL season|2015]] | |- | [[Red Tilson Trophy]] - Most Outstanding Player | [[2014-15 OHL season|2015]] |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ottershockey.com/article/otters-connor-mcdavid-wins-red-tilson-trophy-as-ohls-most-outstanding-player-of-the-year|title=Otters' Connor McDavid Wins Red Tilson Trophy as OHL's Most Outstanding Player of the Year|date=May 12, 2015|publisher=[[Erie Otters]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518070813/http://ottershockey.com/article/otters-connor-mcdavid-wins-red-tilson-trophy-as-ohls-most-outstanding-player-of-the-year|archive-date=May 18, 2015|access-date=May 21, 2015}}</ref> |- | First All-Star Team | [[2014-15 OHL season|2015]] | <ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.ontariohockeyleague.com/article/ohl-announces-2014-15-all-star-teams | title = OHL annoucnes 2014-15 All-Star Teams | publisher = [[Ontario Hockey League]] | date = May 20, 2015 | access-date = May 20, 2015}}</ref> |- |- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#e0e0e0" | colspan="3" | [[Canadian Hockey League|CHL]] |- |[[CHL Scholastic Player of the Year]] |2014 | |- |[[CHL Scholastic Player of the Year]] |2015 | |- |[[CHL Top Draft Prospect Award]] |2015 | |- |[[CHL Player of the Year]] |2015 | <ref>{{cite web| url = http://espn.go.com/nhl/story/_/id/12982144/connor-mcdavid-honored-canadian-junior-hockey-player-year | title = Connor McDavid takes home three Canadian Hockey League awards | agency = [[Associated Press]] | date = May 30, 2015 | access-date = May 30, 2015}}</ref> |- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#e0e0e0" | colspan="3" | [[IIHF|International]] |- | [[IIHF World U18 Championship]] - Tournament MVP | [[2013 IIHF World U18 Championships|2013]] | |- | [[IIHF World U18 Championship]] - Best Forward | [[2013 IIHF World U18 Championships|2013]] | |- | [[IIHF World U18 Championship]] - Scoring Leader | [[2013 IIHF World U18 Championships|2013]] | |- | [[IIHF World U20 Championship]] - Tournament All Star Team | [[IIHF World U20 Championships|2015]] | |- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#e0e0e0" | colspan="3" | [[National Hockey League|NHL]] |- | [[National Hockey League|NHL's]] [[List of 2015–16 NHL Three Star Awards#Rookie of the Month|Rookie of the Month]] | October 2015<br>February 2016<br>March 2016 | <ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=785957| title =McDavid named Rookie of the Month for October| publisher = [[NHL|National Hockey League]] | date = November 2, 2015 | access-date = January 5, 2016}}</ref> |- | [[NHL All-Rookie Team]] | [[2015–16 NHL season|2015-16]] | |} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{icehockeystats}} {{s-start}} {{s-ach}} {{succession box | before = [[Aaron Ekblad]] | title = [[Jack Ferguson Award]] | years = 2012 | after = [[Travis Konecny]]}} {{succession box | before = [[Aaron Ekblad]] | title = Winner of the [[Emms Family Award]] | years = [[2012–13 OHL season|2013]] | after = [[Travis Konecny]] }} {{succession box | before = [[Aaron Ekblad]] | title = [[List of first overall NHL draft picks|NHL first overall draft pick]] | years = [[2015 NHL Entry Draft|2015]]| after = [[Auston Matthews]]}} {{succession box | before = [[Leon Draisaitl]] | title = [[List of Edmonton Oilers draft picks|Edmonton Oilers first round draft pick]] | years = [[2015 NHL Entry Draft|2015]] | after = [[Jesse Puljujärvi|Jesse Puljujarvi]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[Andrew Ference]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Edmonton Oilers#Team captains|Edmonton Oilers captain]]{{Broken anchor|date=2024-05-27|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Edmonton Oilers#Team captains|reason= }}|years=[[2016&ndash;17 NHL season|2016]]–present}} {{s-aft|after=Incumbent}} {{s-end}} {{multistub|sport|Canada}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mcdavid, Connor}} [[Category:1997 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Art Ross Trophy winners]] [[Category:Canadian ice hockey centres]] [[Category:Edmonton Oilers players]] [[Category:Hart Memorial Trophy winners]] [[Category:Ice hockey people from Ontario]] [[Category:People from Richmond Hill, Ontario]] [[Category:Ontario Hockey League players]] imkyg5mvsvalqw5du8fusrii5ynjmx3 0 576322 10368225 9757175 2025-07-02T20:34:05Z LatestClash 1610566 /* Music video */ 10368225 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Chained to the Rhythm | cover = | alt = | border = yes | type = | artist = [[Katy Perry]] featuring Skip Marley | album = [[Witness (Katy Perry album)|Witness]] | EP = | written =November 2015 - March 2016 | published = | released = {{Start date|2017|2|10}} | format = | recorded =2016 | studio = | venue = | genre = {{hlist|[[Disco]]|[[dancehall]]|[[reggae]]-[[Pop music|pop]]}} | length = {{Duration|m=3|s=57}} | label = [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] | writer = {{hlist|Katy Perry|[[Max Martin]]|[[Sia Furler]]|Ali Payami|Skip Marley}} | composer = | lyricist = | producer = {{hlist|Max Martin|Ali Payami}} | chronology = [[Katy Perry]] singles | prev_title = [[Rise (Katy Perry song)|Rise]] | prev_year = 2016 | title = | next_title = [[Bon Appétit (song)|Bon Appétit]] | next_year = 2017 | misc = {{Extra chronology | artist = Skip Marley singles | type = single | prev_title = Lions | prev_year = 2017 | title = Chained to the Rhythm | year = 2017 | next_title = }} {{External music video|1={{YouTube|Um7pMggPnug|"Chained to the Rhythm"}}}} }} '''"Chained to the Rhythm"''' is a 2017 [[disco]] and [[dancehall]] song by [[Americans|American]] [[singer-songwriter]] [[Katy Perry]]. Skip Marley, the grandson of Jamaican singer [[Bob Marley]], [[rapping|raps]] in the song. It is taken from Perry's fifth [[studio album]], ''[[Witness (Katy Perry album)|Witness]]'', and is the ninth track on the album. It is about partying and being aware of things in society. The song hit #1 in [[Mexico]] and Hungary. It also hit the top five in [[Australia]], [[Canada]], the [[United Kingdom]], and many other countries. In the United States, the song entered at #4 on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Katy Perry Songs|publisher=The Billboard|url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/305595/Katy%20Perry/chart?page=1&f=379|access-date=March 13, 2017|archive-date=November 25, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125031700/http://www.billboard.com/artist/305595/Katy%20Perry/chart?page=1&f=379|url-status=dead}}</ref> On April 27, 2017, the song was certified platinum in the United States for sales and streams equal to one million copies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/chartdata/status/857847321333080064|title=US Certifications (@RIAA): @katyperry, Chained to the Rhythm Platinum (1,000,000).|last=chart data|date=2017-04-27|website=@chartdata|language=en|access-date=2017-10-18}}</ref> ==Production and composition== For her fifth studio album, Perry said she wanted to make purposeful pop music.<ref>{{cite web|title=Grammy Awards: Katy Perry Reveals She was Taking Care of Her Mental Health|publisher=E!|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/828726/2017-grammy-awards-katy-perry-reveals-she-was-taking-care-of-her-mental-health-during-hiatus-from-music|access-date=March 13, 2017}}</ref> She had gotten [[depression (mental illness)|depressed]] when [[Donald Trump]] was elected [[President of the United States]] in November 2016 and was not in the mood to "write a club banger." == Music video == The video for the song is set in a carnival-type land called Oblivia and shows Perry riding amusement park rides. It was released on February 21, 2017. ==Credits and personnel== '''Recording''' * Recorded at MXM Studios (Los Angeles, California) and Wolf Cousins Studios (Stockholm, Sweden) * Mixed at MixStar Studios ([[Virginia Beach, Virginia]]) * Mastered at Sterling Sound (New York City, New York) '''Management''' * When I'm Rich You'll Be My Bitch ([[American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers|ASCAP]]) – administered by WB Music Corp. –, MXM – administered by Kobalt – (ASCAP), Pineapple Lasgane/[[Sony/ATV Music Publishing|Sony/ATV Music Publishing Ltd.]] on behalf of Warner/Chappell Music Scandinavia AB and Wolf Cousins (ASCAP), and Levi Sky LLC (Blue Mountain Music Ltd.) ([[Broadcast Music, Inc.|BMI]]) * [[Skip Marley]] appears courtesy of [[Island Records]] '''Personnel''' {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Katy Perry]]&nbsp;– songwriter, lead vocals, background vocals * [[Skip Marley]]&nbsp;– songwriter, featured vocals, background vocals * [[Max Martin]]&nbsp;– songwriter, [[Record producer|producer]] for MXM Productions, background vocals, [[Programming (music)|programming]], [[Dave Smith Instruments#Products|Prophet 6]], [[ARP String Ensemble|Solina]] * [[Ali Payami]]&nbsp;– songwriter, producer for Wolf Cousins Productions, programming, drum, bass guitar, synths, piano, epic claps, percussion * [[Sia]]&nbsp;– songwriter, background vocals * Peter Karlsson&nbsp;– vocal editing, percussion * Alan Ghaleb&nbsp;– [[Electric guitar|funky guitar]] * Serban Ghenea&nbsp;– [[Audio mixing|mixing]] * John Hanes&nbsp;– mixing engineering * Sam Holland&nbsp;– [[Audio engineering|engineering]] * Cory Bice&nbsp;– engineering assistant * Jeremy Lertola&nbsp;– engineering assistant * Tom Coyne&nbsp;– [[Audio mastering|mastering]] {{Div col end}} Credits and personnel adapted from ''Witness'' album [[liner notes]].<ref>{{cite AV media notes|title=Witness|title-link=Witness (Katy Perry album)|others=[[Katy Perry]]|year=2017|type=CD|publisher=[[Capitol Records]]|page=8, 14|id=060255769935}}</ref> ==Formats and track listings== *'''Digital download''' #"Chained to the Rhythm" (featuring Skip Marley)&nbsp;– 3:57 *'''Digital download (Hot Chip Remix)'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/chained-to-the-rhythm-feat-skip-marley-hot-chip-remix-single/id1214375110?app=music&ign-mpt=uo%3D4|title= Chained to the Rhythm (Hot Chip Remix) - Single by Katy Perry on Apple Music|date= March 17, 2017|publisher= [[iTunes Store]]|access-date= March 17, 2017}}{{dead link|date=March 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> #"Chained to the Rhythm" ([[Hot Chip]] Remix)&nbsp;– 5:42 *'''Digital download (Oliver Heldens Remix)''' <ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/chained-to-the-rhythm-oliver-heldens-remix-single/1444604181|title= Chained to the Rhythm (Oliver Heldens Remix) - Single by Katy Perry on Apple Music|date= March 24, 2017|publisher= [[iTunes Store]]|access-date=March 24, 2017}}</ref> #"Chained to the Rhythm" ([[Oliver Heldens]] Remix)&nbsp;– 4:37 *'''Digital download (Lil Yachty Remix)''' <ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/chained-to-the-rhythm-feat-lil-yachty-single/1444608458|title=Chained to the Rhythm (feat. Lil Yachty) - Single by Katy Perry on Apple Music|website=iTunes|date=April 11, 2017 |access-date=June 3, 2017}}</ref> #"Chained to the Rhythm" (featuring [[Lil Yachty]])&nbsp;– 4:11 *'''CD single'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Chained To The Rhythm (2-Track)|url=https://www.amazon.de/Chained-Rhythm-2-Track-Perry-Marley/dp/B06XC6X83S|website=[[Amazon.com]]|publisher=Capitol (Universal Music)}}</ref> #"Chained to the Rhythm" (featuring Skip Marley)&nbsp;– 3:58 #"Chained to the Rhythm" (Instrumental)&nbsp;– 3:57 ==References== <references/> {{Katy Perry}} [[Category:Katy Perry songs]] [[Category:2017 songs]] bbumli2rntecp5n48vtyiapeuayhpaq 0 579096 10368445 9338919 2025-07-02T23:12:39Z Ferien 1011873 Nominated for deletion; see [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The World Federation of Great Towers]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368445 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|Appears to fail [[WP:GNG]].}} '''The World Federation of Great Towers''' ('''WFGT''') Is an international association headquartered in [[Melbourne]], [[Australia]]. It is made up of management bodies of high-rise towers, provided that they are open to the public and that they constitute a tourist attraction. It aims at exchanging information to improve their management, sharing experiences, and organizing their international promotion. Joining the association costs $2,000 a year. The 25 participating towers would receive 20 million visitors annually. The list of members is far from exhausting those of high-rise towers open to the public. In addition, some members have left the federation. == Other websites == * [http://www.great-towers.com/ The World Federation of Great Towers] {{stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:World Federation of Great Towers}} [[Category:Urban planning organizations]] [[Category:International organizations]] [[Category:Trade associations]] [[Category:Organisations based in Melbourne]] dfoddelu4ldyfq9cix6lfdf68gxka9h 0 579361 10368773 8281524 2025-07-03T02:38:43Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10368773 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:AntonioLamela.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Lamela in 2010]] '''Antonio Lamela''' (December 1, 1926 &ndash; April 1, 2017)<ref>{{cite news|last1=Alemany|first1=Luis|title=Muere Antonio Lamela, el arquitecto que se construyó su camino|url=http://www.elmundo.es/cultura/2017/04/02/58e0217546163fd7758b45d0.html|access-date=3 April 2017|work=El Mundo|publisher=El Mundo|date=2 April 2017}}</ref> was a [[Spain|Spanish]] architect. He was born and raised in [[Madrid]]. His most well known projects are [[Santiago Bernabéu Stadium]], the [[Adolfo Suárez, Madrid–Barajas Airport]] and the [[Torres de Colón]]. Lamela died on April 1, 2017 in Madrid at the age of 90.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Zabalbeascoa|first1=Anatxu|title=Muere Antonio Lamela, arquitecto de las Torres de Colón|url=http://cultura.elpais.com/cultura/2017/04/01/actualidad/1491065112_220647.html|access-date=3 April 2017|work=El País|publisher=Prisa|date=1 April 2017}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [http://www.lamela.com/ Official website of Estudio Lamela Arquitectos] * [http://www.e-zigurat.com/Noticias/Conferencias:-A--Lamela/_ii2CuNpohds1xQkzBpHZO40dztxFUqOT3pwH5eS_aFnrPeVDrMdmZA Conferencia A. Lamela]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.coag.es/websantiago/pdf/cv_antonio_lamela.pdf Antonio Lamela CV, at COAG] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404043543/http://www.coag.es/websantiago/pdf/cv_antonio_lamela.pdf |date=2017-04-04 }} * [http://www.edu.gva.es/acc/docs/curriculums/lamela.pdf Antonio Lamela CV, at GVA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204102319/http://www.edu.gva.es/acc/docs/curriculums/lamela.pdf |date=2012-02-04 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lamela, Antonio}} [[Category:1926 births]] [[Category:2017 deaths]] [[Category:Disease-related deaths in Madrid]] [[Category:Spanish architects]] [[Category:People from Madrid]] {{bio-stub}} 7h6vvz4jqachrbyol1iweev3clban4i 0 580033 10368924 10358812 2025-07-03T04:04:41Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Composition */ Fixed multiple grammatical issues 10368924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Shape of You | cover = | alt = | type = | artist = [[Ed Sheeran]] | album = ÷ | EP = | written = | published = | released = {{Start date|2017|1|6}} | format = | recorded = | studio = | venue = | genre = {{hlist|[[Pop music|Pop]]|[[dancehall]]|tropical [[House music|house]]}} | length = {{Duration|m=3|s=54}} | label = {{hlist|Asylum|Atlantic|Warner}} | writer = {{hlist|Ed Sheeran|Johnny McDaid|Steve Mac|Kandi Burruss|Tameka Cottle|Kevin Briggs}} | composer = | lyricist = | producer = {{hlist|Mac|Sheeran}} | prev_title = Bloodstream | prev_year = 2015 | title = | next_title = Castle on the Hill | next_year = 2017 | misc = {{External music video|1={{YouTube|JGwWNGJdvx8|"Shape of You"}}}} }} "'''Shape of You'''" is a song by [[English people|English]] [[singer-songwriter]] [[Ed Sheeran]]. It is the first single from his third studio album, ''÷'' ("divide"). It was released on January 6, 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/Ed-Sheeran-Shape-Of-You/release/9617090|title=Ed Sheeran - Shape Of You|website=Discogs|language=en|access-date=2017-04-10}}</ref> "Shape of You" has reached number one on the charts of several countries, including entering at the top of the charts in the UK, US, Canada, and Australia. It became Sheeran's first number-one song in the US. Before, he reached number two on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] in 2015 with the single "Thinking Out Loud". On Broadcast Music Inc. (BMI), a website that shows the royalties and songwriters/publishers of songs, Sheeran added the songwriters of [[TLC (group)|TLC]]'s "[[No Scrubs]]" (1999).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://repertoire.bmi.com/DetailView.aspx?detail=titleid&keyid=23527441&ShowNbr=0&ShowSeqNbr=0&blnWriter=True&blnPublisher=True&blnArtist=True|title=BMI {{!}} Repertoire Search|website=repertoire.bmi.com|access-date=2017-04-10}}{{Dead link|date=February 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> This is because lines from both songs have a similar rhythm. {{Quote box |align = center |width = 25% |quote = Boy, let's not talk too much<br>Grab on my waist, and put that body on me |source = "Shape of You", 2017 |salign = right |quoted = 1 }} {{Quote box |align = center |width = 25% |quote = No, I don't want no scrub<br>A scrub is a guy who can't get no love from me |source = "No Scrubs", 1999 |salign = right |quoted = 1 }}The song finished as the number-one song of 2017 in the US.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2017/hot-100-songs|title=Hot 100 Songs - Year-End 2017|newspaper=Billboard|access-date=2017-12-12}}</ref> ==Composition== The song is in C# minor with a moderate tempo, and a chord progression following C#m-F#m-A-B with a tresillo rhythm. ==Music video== The music video for "Shape of You", directed by Jason Koenig, was released on 30 January 2017 and features American actress Jennie Pegouski and retired sumo wrestler Yamamotoyama Ryūta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/825441/ed-sheeran-transforms-into-a-boxer-in-love-for-shape-of-you-music-video|title=Ed Sheeran Transforms Into a Boxer in Love for Shape of You Music Video|publisher=E! News|date=31 January 2017|access-date=29 April 2017}}</ref> ==Chart performance== "Shape of You" has reached the number one position in 38 countries. It is one of the most successful songs in world history, having charted at the number one position for 10 weeks or more on the national singles charts in 16 countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK and the USA. The song has charted for 15 weeks on Australia's [[ARIA Charts|ARIA Singles Chart]], becoming the longest-running number one single on a national singles chart in Australian history - a record that it held until November 2019.<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://www.ariacharts.com.au/news/2017/ed-sheeran-breaks-aria-singles-record| title=Ed Sheeran breaks ARIA singles record!| publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Ltd| date=22 April 2017| access-date=29 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url=http://www.ariacharts.com.au/news/2017/week-15-at-1-for-sheeran-s-shape-of-you| title=Week 15 at #1 for Ed Sheeran| publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Ltd| date=29 April 2017| access-date=29 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.ariacharts.com.au/news/2019/tones-and-i-breaks-singles-chart-record| title=Tones And I Breaks Singles Chart Record| publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Ltd| date=16 November 2019| access-date=27 December 2019}}</ref> In Canada, the song charted at number one for 16 weeks, becoming one of the two longest-running number one singles in Canadian history, with the other being the [[Black Eyed Peas]]' 2009 single "[[I Gotta Feeling]]" - a record that both songs were later equalled with by [[Luis Fonsi]]'s "[[Despacito]]" in 2017 and surpassed by [[Lil Nas X]]'s "[[Old Town Road]]" in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.revolvy.com/topic/Canadian%20Hot%20100&item_type=topic| title=Canadian Hot 100 – Song achievements| publisher=Revolvy.com| access-date=7 May 2017}}</ref> ==Charts== {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} ===Weekly charts=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |- ! scope="col"| Chart (2017–20) ! scope="col"| Peak<br />position |- ! scope="row"| Argentina ([[Monitor Latino]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top20/Argentina/General/20170501|publisher=[[Monitor Latino]]|access-date=7 May 2017|title=Top 20 Argentina|language=es|date=1 May 2017}}</ref> | 2 |- {{singlechart|Australia|1|artist=Ed Sheeran|song=Shape of You|rowheader=true|access-date=14 January 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Austria|1|artist=Ed Sheeran|song=Shape of You|rowheader=true|access-date=19 January 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Flanders|1|artist=Ed Sheeran|song=Shape of You|refname="Flanders"|rowheader=true|access-date=21 January 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Wallonia|1|artist=Ed Sheeran|song=Shape of You|refname="Wallonia"|rowheader=true|access-date=4 February 2017}} |- ! scope="row"| Brazil Pop Airplay (''[[Billboard Brasil]]'')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com.br/noticias/pop-brasil-nego-do-borel-e-o-mais-ouvido-da-semana/|title=Airplay Chart|language=pt|publisher=[[Billboard Brasil]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107015030/http://billboard.uol.com.br/noticias/pop-brasil-nego-do-borel-e-o-mais-ouvido-da-semana/|archive-date=7 November 2017|access-date=25 April 2017}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Brazil Hot Streaming ([[Pro-Música Brasil]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pro-musicabr.org.br/home/top-50-streaming/|title=Streaming Chart|language=pt|publisher=[[Pro-Música Brasil]]|access-date=February 27, 2018|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222054218/http://pro-musicabr.org.br/home/top-50-streaming/|archive-date=December 22, 2017}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Bulgaria (PROPHON)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.prophon.org/charts/27-jan-2017 |title=Архив класации - ПРОФОН |date=2017-01-27 |website=PROPHON |language=bg |access-date=2019-02-13}}</ref> | 1 |- {{singlechart|Canada|1|artist=Ed Sheeran|rowheader=true|access-date=19 January 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Billboardcanadaac|1|artist=Ed Sheeran|rowheader=true|access-date=7 March 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Billboardcanadachrtop40|1|artist=Ed Sheeran|rowheader=true|access-date=15 February 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Billboardcanadahotac|1|artist=Ed Sheeran|rowheader=true|access-date=22 February 2017}} |- ! scope="row"| Chile ([[Monitor Latino]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top20/Print/chile/general/20170619|title=Chile Top 20 General - Del 19 al 25 de Junio, 2017|website=[[Monitor Latino]]|language=es|access-date=2019-12-27}}</ref> | 4 |- ! scope="row" | Colombia ([[Monitor Latino]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top20/Colombia/General/20170626 |publisher=[[Monitor Latino]] |title=Top 20 Colombia|language=es }}</ref> | 8 |- ! scope="row"| Colombia ([[National-Report]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.national-report.com/top-anglo-co/|title=Top 100 Colombia - Semana 21 del 2017 - Del 19/05/2017 al 25/05/2017|publisher=[[National-Report]]|date=12 May 2017|access-date=12 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512134806/http://www.national-report.com/top-100-colombia/|archive-date=12 May 2017|language=es}}</ref> | 10 |- ! scope="row"| Croatia ([[Croatian Radiotelevision|HRT]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://radio.hrt.hr/aod/arc-top-40/213165/ |title=Croatia ARC TOP 40 |publisher=HRT |access-date=10 July 2017 |archive-date=26 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626060246/http://radio.hrt.hr/aod/arc-top-40/213165/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | 1 |- {{singlechart|Czech Republic|1|year=2017|week=08|rowheader=true|access-date=27 February 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Czechdigital|1|year=2017|week=02|rowheader=true|access-date=14 January 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Denmark|1|artist=Ed Sheeran|song=Shape of You|rowheader=true|access-date=14 January 2017}} |- !scope="row"| Ecuador ([[National-Report]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.national-report.com/top-ecuador/|title=Top 100 Ecuador|language=es|publisher=[[National-Report]]|access-date=8 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508140710/http://www.national-report.com/top-ecuador/|archive-date=8 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 14 |- !scope="row"| [[Euro Digital Songs]] (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/biz/search/charts?f[0]=is_bmdb_track_id%3A7655101&f[1]=itm_field_chart_id%3A846&refine=1|title=Euro Digital Songs|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=21 January 2017}}{{Dead link|date=May 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | 1 |- {{singlechart|Finland|1|artist=Ed Sheeran|song=Shape of You|rowheader=true|access-date=15 January 2017}} |- {{singlechart|France|1|artist=Ed Sheeran|song=Shape of You|rowheader=true|access-date=14 January 2017|refname=France}} |- {{singlechart|Germany|1|songid=1622943|artist=Ed Sheeran|song=Shape of You|rowheader=true|access-date=13 January 2017}} |- ! scope="row"| [[Billboard Global 200|Global 200]] (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/ed-sheeran/chart-history/GLO|title=Ed Sheeran Chart History - Global 200|work=Billboard|access-date=September 15, 2020}}</ref> | 86 |- ! scope="row"| Greece Airplay ([[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airplaychart.gr/index.php?ts=1486464848|title=Airplay Chart|language=el|publisher=[[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry]]|access-date=7 February 2017}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Greece Digital Songs (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/biz/charts/2017-02-04/greece|title=Greece Digital Song Sales, 4 February 2017|publisher=billboard.com|access-date=1 February 2017|archive-date=9 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409135355/http://www.billboard.com/biz/charts/2017-02-04/greece|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Guatemala ([[Monitor Latino]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top20/Guatemala/General |publisher=[[Monitor Latino]] |access-date=18 May 2017 |title=Top 20 Guatemala |language=es |date=30 April 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430193256/http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top20/Guatemala/General |archive-date=30 April 2017 }}</ref> | 4 |- {{singlechart|Hungarydance|1|year=2017|week=15|rowheader=true|access-date=21 April 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Hungary|1|year=2017|week=5|rowheader=true|access-date=10 February 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Hungarysingle|1|year=2017|week=2|rowheader=true|access-date=20 January 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Hungarystream|1|year=2017|week=12|rowheader=true|access-date=15 March 2018}} |- {{singlechart|Ireland2|1|song=Shape of You|rowheader=true|access-date=14 January 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Israelairplay|1|year=2017|week=3|rowheader=true|artist=Ed Sheeran|song=Shape of You|access-date=22 January 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Italy|1|artist=Ed Sheeran|song=Shape of You|rowheader=true|access-date=14 January 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Billboardjapanhot100|4|artist=Ed Sheeran|rowheader=true|access-date=13 April 2017}} |- ! scope="row"| Latvia ([[Latvijas Radio 5|Latvijas Top 40]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pieci.lv/lv/lr5/top40|archive-url=http://www.freezepage.com/1487073363LKCDXMIFGQ?url=http://www.pieci.lv/lv/lr5/top40|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 February 2017|title=Latvijas Top 40|publisher=[[Latvijas Radio]]|date=12 February 2017|access-date=14 February 2017}}</ref> | 1 |- !scope="row"| Lebanon ([[The Official Lebanese Top 20|Lebanese Top 20]])<ref name=lebanese>{{cite web|url=http://www.olt20.com/Ed_Sheeran#fragment-2|title=The Official Lebanese Top 20 – Ed Sheeran|publisher=[[The Official Lebanese Top 20]]|access-date=31 January 2017}}</ref> | 2 |- ! scope="row"| Luxembourg Digital Songs (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/biz/charts/2017-02-25/luxembourg-digital-songs|title=Luxembourg Digital Songs|work=Billboard|date=25 February 2017|access-date=16 February 2017|archive-date=28 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228000458/http://www.billboard.com/biz/charts/2017-02-25/luxembourg-digital-songs|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Malaysia ([[Recording Industry Association of Malaysia|RIM]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rim.org.my/main/images/stories/RIM/chart/7_i_dm.pdf|title=Top 20 Most Streamed International & Domestic Singles in Malaysia|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of Malaysia]]|access-date=25 April 2017|archive-date=20 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720225350/http://www.rim.org.my/main/images/stories/RIM/chart/7_i_dm.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Mexico ([[Monitor Latino]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top20/Mexico/General/20170220|publisher=[[Monitor Latino]]|access-date=19 March 2018|title=Top 20 Mexico|language=es|date=20 February 2017}}</ref> | 4 |- ! scope="row"| [[Mexico Airplay]] (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref name="Mexico">{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/biz/charts/2017-03-04/mexico|title=Mexico Airplay: Mar 4, 2017|work=Billboard|access-date=17 May 2018|url-access=subscription|archive-date=2018-05-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526103349/https://www.billboard.com/biz/charts/2017-03-04/mexico|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 2 |- ! scope="row"| Mexico Streaming ([[Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas|AMPROFON]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amprofon.com.mx/top-streaming.php |title=Top 20 Streaming (del 20 de Enero al 26 de Enero) |access-date=13 March 2017 |language=es |publisher=Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313200414/http://www.amprofon.com.mx/top-streaming.php |archive-date=13 March 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 2 |- {{singlechart|Dutch40|1|year=2017|week=3|rowheader=true|access-date=20 January 2017}} |- ! scope="row"|Netherlands ([[Mega Top 50]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npo3fm.nl/megatop50/2017-01-14|title=Home - Mega Top 50 - AVROTROS - NPO 3FM|website=megatop50.3fm.nl|access-date=24 December 2017|archive-date=2018-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322015512/https://www.npo3fm.nl/megatop50/2017-01-14|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |- {{singlechart|Dutch100|1|artist=Ed Sheeran|song=Shape of You|rowheader=true|access-date=14 January 2017}} |- {{singlechart|New Zealand|1|artist=Ed Sheeran|song=Shape of You|rowheader=true|access-date=14 January 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Norway|1|artist=Ed Sheeran|song=Shape of You|rowheader=true|access-date=14 January 2017}} |- ! scope="row"| Panama ([[Monitor Latino]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top20/Panama/General/20170424|publisher=[[Monitor Latino]]|access-date=15 March 2018|title=Top 20 Panama|language=es|date=24 April 2017}}</ref> | 2 |- ! scope="row"| Paraguay ([[Monitor Latino]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top20/Paraguay/General/20170424|publisher=[[Monitor Latino]]|access-date=14 March 2018|title=Top 20 Paraguay|language=es|date=24 April 2017}}</ref> | 2 |- ! scope="row"| Paraguay (SGP)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sgp.com.py/listado/42/diciembre-top-100-de-canciones-de-sgp|title=TOP#100 de canciones de SGP {{!}} TOP#100 de canciones de SGP|publisher=SGP|language=es}}</ref> |49 |- ! scope="row"| Peru ([[Monitor Latino]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top20/Peru/General/20170522|publisher=[[Monitor Latino]]|access-date=15 March 2018|title=Top 20 Peru|language=es|date=22 May 2017}}</ref> | 2 |- ! scope="row"| Philippines ([[Philippine Hot 100]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://billboard.ph/billboardph-hot-100/|title=BillboardPH Hot 100|work=[[Billboard Philippines]]|date=12 June 2017|access-date=12 June 2017}}</ref> | 1 |- {{singlechart|Poland|1|chartid=2223|year=2017|rowheader=true|access-date=13 February 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Polishdance|1|chartid=2263|access-date=29 March 2017|rowheader=true}} |- {{singlechart|Portugal|1|artist=Ed Sheeran|song=Shape of You|rowheader=true|access-date=26 January 2017}} |- !scope="row"|Romania ([[Airplay 100]])<!--Please do not change this to Romanian Top 100 or Media Forest. The Airplay 100 is Romania's national singles chart from 2012 onwards. For further information, see WP:GOODCHARTS--><ref name="podcast">{{cite news|url=https://www.kissfm.ro/emisiuni/54/Airplay-100-Cristi-Nitzu|title=Airplay 100 – Cristi Nitzu {{!}} Kiss FM – 12 March 2017|access-date=27 January 2018|publisher=[[Kiss FM (Romania)|Kiss FM]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127090412/https://www.kissfm.ro/emisiuni/54/Airplay-100-Cristi-Nitzu|archive-date=27 January 2018}} ''Note: User may scroll down the 'Podcasturi' menu to play or download the respective podcast.''</ref> |<center>1</center> |- ! scope="row"| Russia Airplay ([[Tophit]])<ref>{{cite web|url= https://tophit.ru/ru/chart/airplay/weekly/2017-02-20/all/new|title=Official Russia Top 100 Airplay Chart (week 11)|publisher=[[Tophit]]|access-date=18 March 2017|language=ru}}</ref> | 1 |- {{singlechart|Scotland|1|date=20170210|rowheader=true|access-date=11 February 2017}} |- ! scope="row"| Serbia ([[Radiomonitor]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://radioairplay.fm/classifiche-musicali/classifiche/serbia/radio-airplay/23-2017/|title=Serbia - Radio airplay chart (Settimana 23.2017)|publisher=RadioAirplay|language=it|access-date=August 18, 2020}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Singapore ([[Recording Industry Association (Singapore)|RIAS]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rias.org.sg/chart.pdf|title=Singapore Top 30 Digital Streaming Chart Week 2 |publisher=Recording Industry Association (Singapore) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120034339/http://www.rias.org.sg/chart.pdf|archive-date=20 January 2018}}</ref> | 23 |- {{singlechart|Slovakia|1|year=2017|week=06|rowheader=true|access-date=20 February 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Slovakdigital|1|year=2017|week=02|rowheader=true|access-date=19 January 2017}} |- ! scope="row"| Slovenia ([[SloTop50]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slotop50.si/Glasbene-lestvice/Tedenske-lestvice/?year=2017&week=11|title=SloTop50 – Slovenian official singles chart|publisher=[[SloTop50]]|access-date=20 March 2017|archive-date=21 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321083321/http://www.slotop50.si/Glasbene-lestvice/Tedenske-lestvice/?year=2017&week=11|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| South Korea International ([[Gaon Chart|Gaon]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/online.gaon?serviceGbn=S1020&termGbn=week&hitYear=2017&targetTime=07&nationGbn=E|publisher=[[Gaon Chart]]|title=Gaon Download Chart – Issue date: 2017.12.02 – 2017.18.02|access-date=23 February 2017}}</ref> | 1 |- {{singlechart|Spain|1|artist=Ed Sheeran|song=Shape of You|rowheader=true|access-date=15 January 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Sweden|1|artist=Ed Sheeran|song=Shape of You|rowheader=true|access-date=14 January 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Switzerland|1|artist=Ed Sheeran|song=Shape of You|rowheader=true|access-date=16 January 2017}} |- {{singlechart|UK|1|date=20170113|rowheader=true|access-date=14 January 2017}} |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay ([[Tophit]])<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tophit.ru/en/chart/ukraine/weekly/2017-05-22/all/all|title=Official Ukraine Top 100 Airplay Chart (week 21)|publisher=[[Tophit]] |access-date=27 July 2017}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Uruguay ([[Monitor Latino]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top20/Uruguay/General/20170327|publisher=Monitor Latino|access-date=15 March 2018|title=Top 20 Uruguay|language=es|date=27 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316152812/http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top20/Uruguay/General/20170327|archive-date=16 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> | 9 |- {{singlechart|Billboardhot100|1|artist=Ed Sheeran|rowheader=true|access-date=19 January 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Billboardadultcontemporary|1|artist=Ed Sheeran|rowheader=true|access-date=19 April 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Billboardadultpopsongs|1|artist=Ed Sheeran|rowheader=true|access-date=28 February 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Billboarddanceclubplay|1|artist=Ed Sheeran|rowheader=true|access-date=7 March 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Billboarddanceairplay|1|artist=Ed Sheeran|rowheader=true|access-date=7 February 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Billboardlatinpopsongs|15|artist=Ed Sheeran|rowheader=true|access-date=27 June 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Billboardpopsongs|1|artist=Ed Sheeran|rowheader=true|access-date=21 February 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Billboardrandbhiphopairplay|42|artist=Ed Sheeran|rowheader=true|access-date=23 Maret 2018 }} |- {{singlechart|Billboardrhythmic|3|artist=Ed Sheeran|rowheader=true|access-date=4 April 2017}} |- ! scope="row"| Venezuela ([[Record Report]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.recordreport.com.ve/publico/anglo/|title=Publico|language=es|date=11 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203181520/https://www.recordreport.com.ve/publico/top100/|archive-date=3 February 2018|publisher=Record Report}}</ref> | 68 |- !scope="row"| Venezuela ([[National-Report]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.national-report.com/top-venezuela|title=Top 100 Venezuela|language=es|publisher=[[National-Report]]|access-date=25 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180525114535/http://www.national-report.com/top-venezuela/|archive-date=25 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 28 |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ Combined chart entries for original and Zion & Lennox remix ! scope="col"| Chart (2017) ! scope="col"| Peak<br />position |- ! scope="row"| Colombia ([[National-Report]])<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=http://national-report.com.ve/top-100-semana-14-del-31032017-al-06042017/|title=Top 100 – Semana 14 del 31/03/2017 al 06/04/2017|publisher=national-report.com.ve|language=es|date=7 April 2017|access-date=11 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412072206/http://national-report.com.ve/top-100-semana-14-del-31032017-al-06042017/|archive-date=12 April 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 88 |- ! scope="row"| Ecuador ([[National-Report]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.national-report.com/top-ecuador/|title=Top 100 Ecuador|publisher=[[National-Report]]|language=es|access-date=11 August 2017|date=19 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616095133/http://www.national-report.com/top-ecuador|archive-date=16 June 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | 15 |- ! scope="row"| Venezuela ([[National-Report]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.national-report.com/top-venezuela/|title=Top 100 Venezuela|publisher=[[National-Report]]|language=es|access-date=11 August 2017|date=19 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170524112354/http://www.national-report.com/top-venezuela/|archive-date=24 May 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | 67 |} {{col-2}} ===Year-end charts=== {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center" |- ! scope="col"| Chart (2017) ! scope="col"| Position |- ! scope="row"| Argentina (CAPIF)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.capif.org.ar/rankings/|title=Rankings — CAPIF|publisher=[[Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers]]|access-date=10 March 2018|archive-date=19 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819132101/https://www.capif.org.ar/rankings/|url-status=dead}} ''If necessary, click'' Digital Anual'', then click'' 2017.</ref> | 3 |- ! scope="row"| Argentina (Monitor Latino)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top100/anual/2017/Argentina/General|title=Top 100 Anual Argentina|access-date=10 December 2017|publisher=[[Monitor Latino]]}}</ref> | 2 |- ! scope="row"| Australia (ARIA)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ariacharts.com.au/annual-charts/2017/singles-chart|title=2017 ARIA Singles Chart|publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]|access-date=4 January 2018}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oe3.orf.at/charts/stories/2886107/|title=Ö3 Austria Top 40 – Single-Charts 2017|publisher=oe3.orf.at|access-date=29 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230060411/http://oe3.orf.at/charts/stories/2886107/|archive-date=30 December 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 2 |- ! scope="row"| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ultratop.be/nl/annual.asp?year=2017&cat=s|title=ultratop.be - ULTRATOP BELGIAN CHARTS|website=Ultratop.be|access-date=23 December 2017}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ultratop.be/fr/annual.asp?year=2017&cat=s|title=ultratop.be - ULTRATOP BELGIAN CHARTS|website=Ultratop.be|access-date=23 December 2017}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Bolivia (Monitor Latino)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top100/anual/2017/Bolivia/General|title=Top 100 Anual Bolivia|access-date=22 March 2018|publisher=[[Monitor Latino]]}}</ref> | 19 |- ! scope="row"| Brazil (''Billboard'' Brasil Hot 100 Airplay)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://billboard.uol.com.br/noticias/saiba-qual-a-musica-mais-tocada-em-2017-nas-radios-brasileiras/| title=Saiba qual a música mais tocada em 2017 nas rádios brasileiras |publisher=[[Billboard Brasil]] |date=2 January 2018 |access-date=3 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103022509/http://billboard.uol.com.br/noticias/saiba-qual-a-musica-mais-tocada-em-2017-nas-radios-brasileiras/ |archive-date=3 January 2018}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Canada (Canadian Hot 100)<ref>{{cite web|title=Canadian Hot 100 – Year-End 2017|url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2017/canadian-hot-100|work=Billboard|access-date=16 December 2017}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Colombia (Monitor Latino)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top100/anual/2017/Colombia/General|title=Top 100 Anual Colombia|access-date=24 March 2018|publisher=[[Monitor Latino]]}}</ref> | 12 |- ! scope="row"| Costa Rica (Monitor Latino)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top100/anual/2017/Costa%20Rica/General|title=Top 100 Anual Costa Rica|access-date=19 March 2018|publisher=[[Monitor Latino]]}}</ref> | 22 |- ! scope="row"| Denmark (Tracklisten)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hitlisten.nu/top2017.asp?list=Track%20100|title=Track Top-100 2017|publisher=Hitlisten|access-date=11 January 2018}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Dominican Republic (Monitor Latino)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top100/anual/2017/RD/General|title=Top 100 Anual Dominican Republic|access-date=19 March 2018|publisher=[[Monitor Latino]]}}</ref> | 41 |- ! scope="row"| Ecuador (Monitor Latino)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top100/anual/2017/Ecuador/General|title=Top 100 Anual Ecuator|access-date=24 March 2018|publisher=[[Monitor Latino]]}}</ref> | 16 |- ! scope="row"| El Salvador (Monitor Latino)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top100/anual/2017/El%20Salvador/General|title=Top 100 Anual El Salvador|access-date=21 March 2018|publisher=[[Monitor Latino]]}}</ref> | 34 |- ! scope="row"| France (SNEP)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.snepmusique.com/tops-annuel/top-singles-megafusion-annuel/?ye=2017 |title=Top singles 2017 |language=fr |publisher=Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique |access-date=21 February 2018 |archive-date=29 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829074022/http://www.snepmusique.com/tops-annuel/top-singles-megafusion-annuel/?ye=2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Germany (Official German Charts)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.offiziellecharts.de/charts/single-jahr/for-date-2017|title=Top 100 Single-Jahrescharts|language=de|work=[[GfK Entertainment]]|publisher=offiziellecharts.de|access-date=29 December 2017}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Guatemala (Monitor Latino)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top100/anual/2017/Guatemala/General|title=Top 100 Anual Guatemala|access-date=15 March 2018|publisher=[[Monitor Latino]]}}</ref> | 4 |- ! scope="row"| Honduras (Monitor Latino)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top100/anual/2017/Honduras/General|title=Top 100 Anual Honduras|access-date=22 March 2018|publisher=[[Monitor Latino]]}}</ref> | 48 |- ! scope="row"| Hungary (Dance Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://slagerlistak.hu/archivum/eves-osszesitett-listak/dance/2017|title=Dance Top 100 - hallgatottsági adatok alapján - 2017|access-date=15 March 2018|publisher=[[Mahasz]]}}</ref> | 4 |- ! scope="row"| Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://slagerlistak.hu/archivum/eves-osszesitett-listak/radios/2017|title=Rádiós Top 100 - hallgatottsági adatok alapján - 2017|access-date=17 February 2018|publisher=[[Mahasz]]}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Hungary (Single Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://slagerlistak.hu/archivum/eves-osszesitett-listak/single_db/2017|title=Single Top 100 - eladási darabszám alapján - 2017|access-date=17 February 2018|publisher=[[Mahasz]]}}</ref> | 3 |- ! scope="row"| Hungary (Stream Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://slagerlistak.hu/archivum/eves-osszesitett-listak/stream/2017|title=Stream Top 100 - 2017|access-date=17 February 2018|publisher=[[Mahasz]]}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Israel (Media Forest)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mediaforest.biz/Charts/YearlyCharts|title=Top 50 Israel airplay 2017|publisher=mediaforest.bizz|access-date=2 January 2018|archive-date=27 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927111816/http://www.mediaforest.biz/charts/yearlycharts|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Italy (FIMI)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fimi.it/news/top-of-the-music-2017-lalbum-piu-venduto-in-italia-e-divide-÷-di-ed-sheeran|title=Classifiche annuali dei dischi più venduti e dei singoli più scaricati nel 2017|publisher=FIMI|language=it|access-date=9 January 2018|format=Click on "Scarica allegato" and open the "Classifica annuale 2017 Singoli digital" file|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108233439/http://www.fimi.it/news/top-of-the-music-2017-lalbum-piu-venduto-in-italia-e-divide-%c3%b7-di-ed-sheeran|archive-date=8 January 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 2 |- ! scope="row"| Japan (Japan Hot 100)<ref>[https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2017/japan-hot-100 "Japan Hot 100 – Year-End 2017"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330220446/https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2017/japan-hot-100 |date=2018-03-30 }}. ''Billboard''. Retrieved 5 August 2018.</ref> | 2 |- ! scope="row"| Malaysia (RIM)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/RecordingIndustryMY/photos/a.809977782362927.1073741849.204519562908755/1916404985053529/?type=3&theater|title=2017 RIM Charts Highlights|work=[[Recording Industry Association of Malaysia]]|publisher=Recording Industry Association of Malaysia|access-date=7 January 2018}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Mexico ([[AMPROFON]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://amprofon.com.mx/es/pages/prensa/boletines.php |title=Crece industria musical mexicana 7.9% en 2017|access-date= 20 May 2018 |language=es |publisher=[[Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425212944/http://amprofon.com.mx/es/pages/prensa/boletines.php|archive-date=25 April 2018}}</ref> | 4 |- ! scope="row"| Mexico (Monitor Latino)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top100/anual/2017/Mexico/General|title=Top 100 Anual Mexico|access-date=24 March 2018|publisher=[[Monitor Latino]]}}</ref> | 4 |- ! scope="row"| Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.top40.nl/bijzondere-lijsten/top-100-jaaroverzichten/2017|title=Top 100-Jaaroverzicht van 2017|publisher=Dutch Top 40|access-date=1 November 2019}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Netherlands (Single Top 100)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dutchcharts.nl/jaaroverzichten.asp?year=2017&cat=s|title=Jaaroverzichten – Single 2017|publisher=Hung Medien|access-date=22 December 2017}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Nicaragua (Monitor Latino)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top100/anual/2017/Nicaragua/General|title=Top 100 Anual Nicaragua|access-date=19 March 2018|publisher=[[Monitor Latino]]}}</ref> | 60 |- ! scope="row"| Norway (VG Lista)<ref name="year end norway">{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.no/arslisten-2017|title=Årslisten 2017|language=no|access-date=13 February 2018|publisher=IFPI Norge|archive-date=22 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722095608/https://ifpi.no/arslisten-2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 2 |- ! scope="row"| New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=4435|title=Top Selling Singles of 2017|publisher=Recorded Music NZ|access-date=22 December 2017|archive-date=22 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222105343/https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=4435|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Panama (Monitor Latino)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top100/anual/2017/Panama/General|title=Top 100 Anual Panama|access-date=15 March 2018|publisher=[[Monitor Latino]]}}</ref> | 8 |- ! scope="row"| Paraguay (Monitor Latino)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top100/anual/2017/Paraguay/General|title=Top 100 Anual Paraguay|access-date=22 March 2018|publisher=[[Monitor Latino]]}}</ref> | 2 |- ! scope="row"| Paraguay (SGP)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sgp.com.py/listado/42/diciembre-top-100-de-canciones-de-sgp|title=TOP#100 de canciones de SGP {{!}} TOP#100 de canciones de SGP|access-date=11 January 2020|publisher=SGP|language=es}}</ref> |49 |- ! scope="row"| Peru (Monitor Latino)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top100/anual/2017/Peru/General|title=Top 100 Anual Peru|access-date=15 March 2018|publisher=[[Monitor Latino]]}}</ref> | 5 |- ! scope="row"| Poland (ZPAV)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bestsellery.zpav.pl/aktualnosci.php?idaktualnosci=1608|title=Airplay 2017 – w pierwszej trójce Sheeran, Tiësto i Hyży|language=pl|publisher=[[Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry]]|access-date=22 January 2018|archive-date=21 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321170440/http://bestsellery.zpav.pl/aktualnosci.php?idaktualnosci=1608|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Portugal (AFP)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://audiogest.pt/documents/files/top_vendas/top_anual_2017.pdf|title=Top AFP - Audiogest - Top 100 Singles 2017|publisher=[[Associação Fonográfica Portuguesa]]|language=pt|access-date=July 3, 2020}}</ref> | 2 |- ! scope="row"| Romania (Airplay 100)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kissfm.ro/emisiuni/54/Airplay-100-Cristi-Nitzu|title=Airplay 100 – topul anului 2017|publisher=[[Kiss FM (Romania)|Kiss FM]]|language=ro|access-date=3 July 2018}}</ref> |<center>1</center> |- ! scope="row"| Slovenia (SloTop50)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slotop50.si/Glasbene-lestvice/Letne-lestvice/?year=2017|title=SloTop50 – Slovenian official Year-End singles chart|publisher=[[SloTop50]]|access-date=31 December 2017|archive-date=30 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230225934/http://www.slotop50.si/Glasbene-lestvice/Letne-lestvice/?year=2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| South Korea (Gaon)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/online.gaon?serviceGbn=ALL&termGbn=year&hitYear=2017&targetTime=3&nationGbn=T&year_time=3|publisher=[[Gaon Chart]]|title=Gaon Digital Chart – 2017 Year-End|access-date=10 January 2020}}</ref> | 4 |- ! scope="row"| Spain (PROMUSICAE)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.promusicae.es/documents/viewfile/165-top-100-canciones-2017|title=Top 100 Canciones + Streaming Anual 2017|language=es|access-date=13 February 2018}}</ref> | 2 |- ! scope="row"| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sverigetopplistan.se/chart/43?dspy=2017&dspp=1|title=Årslista Singlar – År 2017|publisher=[[Sverigetopplistan]]|language=sv|access-date=16 January 2018}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hitparade.ch/charts/jahreshitparade/2017|title=Schweizer Jahreshitparade 2017 – hitparade.ch|publisher=Hung Medien|access-date=31 December 2017}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Uruguay (Monitor Latino)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top100/anual/2017/Uruguay/General|title=Top 100 Anual Uruguay|access-date=15 March 2018|publisher=[[Monitor Latino]]}}</ref> | 20 |- ! scope="row"| UK Singles (Official Charts Company) | 1 |- ! scope="row"| US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite web|title=Hot 100 Songs – Year-End 2017|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2017/hot-100-songs|work=Billboard|access-date=12 December 2017}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| US Adult Contemporary (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2017/adult-contemporary-songs|title=Adult Contemporary Songs – Year-End 2017|work=Billboard|access-date=12 December 2017}}</ref> | 2 |- ! scope="row"| US Adult Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2017/adult-pop-songs|title=Adult Pop Songs – Year-End 2017|work=Billboard|access-date=12 December 2017}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| US Dance Club Songs (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2017/dance-club-songs|title=Dance Club Songs – Year-End 2017|work=Billboard|access-date=12 December 2017|archive-date=14 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214001730/https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2017/dance-club-songs|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| US Dance/Mix Show Airplay (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2017/dance-mix-show-airplay-songs|title=Dance/Mix Show Songs – Year-End 2017|work=Billboard|access-date=12 December 2017}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| US Mainstream Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2017/pop-songs|title=Pop Songs – Year-End 2017|work=Billboard|access-date=12 December 2017}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| US Rhythmic (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2017/rhythmic-songs|title=Rhythmic Songs – Year-End 2017|work=Billboard|access-date=12 December 2017}}</ref> | 17 |- ! scope="col"| Chart (2018) ! scope="col"| Position |- ! scope="row"| Argentina (Monitor Latino)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top100/anual/2018/Argentina/general|title=Chart Anual Monitor Latino 2018 – Argentina|access-date=5 December 2018|publisher=[[Monitor Latino]]}}</ref> | 42 |- ! scope="row"| Australia (ARIA)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ariacharts.com.au/annual-charts/2018/singles-chart|title=ARIA End of Year Singles 2018|publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association|access-date=10 January 2019}}</ref> | 25 |- ! scope="row"| Belgium (Ultratop Flanders)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ultratop.be/nl/annual.asp?year=2018&cat=s|title=Jaaroverzichten 2018|publisher=Ultratop|access-date=21 December 2018}}</ref> | 41 |- ! scope="row"| Belgium (Ultratop Wallonia)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ultratop.be/fr/annual.asp?year=2018&cat=s|title=Rapports Annuels 2018|publisher=Ultratop|access-date=21 December 2018}}</ref> | 37 |- ! scope="row"| Canada (Canadian Hot 100)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2018/canadian-hot-100|title=Canadian Hot 100 – Year-End 2018|work=Billboard|access-date=4 December 2018}}</ref> | 39 |- ! scope="row"| CIS (Tophit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.ru/en/chart/airplay_youtube/yearly/2018-01-01/all/all|title=CIS Top Radio & YouTube Hits 2018|publisher=[[Tophit]]|access-date=2019-01-14|archive-date=2019-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114153446/https://tophit.ru/en/chart/airplay_youtube/yearly/2018-01-01/all/all|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 29 |- ! scope="row"| Denmark (Tracklisten)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hitlisten.nu/2018_track_t100.html|title=Track Top-100 2018|publisher=Hitlisten|language=da|access-date=16 January 2019}}</ref> | 23 |- ! scope="row"| Estonia (IFPI)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://ekspress.delfi.ee/areen/eesti-tipp-100-muusikas-neid-artiste-ja-lugusid-kuulati-moodunud-aastal-eestis-koige-rohkem?id=85021911|title=EESTI TIPP-100 MUUSIKAS Neid artiste ja lugusid kuulati möödunud aastal Eestis kõige rohkem|date=January 18, 2019|access-date=January 19, 2019|work=[[Eesti Ekspress]]|language=et}}</ref> | 50 |- ! scope="row"| France (SNEP)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://snepmusique.com/les-tops/le-top-de-lannee/top-singles-annee/?categorie=Top%20Single%20de%20l%E2%80%99ann%C3%A9e&annee=2018|title=Top de l'année Top Singles 2018|publisher=SNEP|language=fr|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref> | 15 |- ! scope="row"| Germany (Official German Charts)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.offiziellecharts.de/charts/single-jahr/for-date-2018|title=Top 100 Single-Jahrescharts|language=de|work=[[GfK Entertainment]]|publisher=offiziellecharts.de|access-date=21 December 2018}}</ref> | 34 |- ! scope="row"| Hungary (Dance Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://slagerlistak.hu/archivum/eves-osszesitett-listak/dance/2018|title=Dance Top 100 - 2018|access-date=15 March 2020|publisher=[[Mahasz]]}}</ref> | 12 |- ! scope="row"| Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://slagerlistak.hu/archivum/eves-osszesitett-listak/radios/2018|title=Rádiós Top 100 - hallgatottsági adatok alapján - 2018|access-date=15 March 2020|publisher=[[Mahasz]]}}</ref> | 10 |- ! scope="row"| Hungary (Single Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://slagerlistak.hu/archivum/eves-osszesitett-listak/single_db/2018|title=Single Top 100 - eladási darabszám alapján - 2018|access-date=15 March 2020|publisher=[[Mahasz]]}}</ref> | 21 |- ! scope="row"| Ireland (IRMA)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/irelands-official-top-40-biggest-songs-of-2018__25259/|title=Ireland's Official Top 40 biggest songs of 2018|publisher=Official Charts Company|access-date=13 January 2019}}</ref> | 34 |- ! scope="row"| Italy (FIMI)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fimi.it/news/classifiche-annuali-top-of-the-music-fimigfk-2018-protagonista-la-musica-italiana|title=Classifiche Annuali Top of the Music FIMI/GfK 2018: Protagonista La Musica Italiana|language=it|publisher=Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana|date=7 January 2019|access-date=11 January 2019|format=Download the attachment and open the singles file}}</ref> | 60 |- ! scope="row"| Japan (Japan Hot 100)<ref>[http://www.billboard-japan.com/charts/detail?a=hot100_year&year=2018 "Japan Hot 100 – Year-End 2018"]. ''Billboard''. Retrieved 7 December 2018.</ref> | 14 |- ! scope="row"| Netherlands (Single Top 100)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dutchcharts.nl/jaaroverzichten.asp?year=2018&cat=s|title=Jaaroverzichten – Single 2018|publisher=MegaCharts|language=nl|access-date=5 January 2019}}</ref> | 45 |- ! scope="row"| New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=4568|title=Top Selling Singles of 2018|publisher=Recorded Music NZ|access-date=13 December 2018|archive-date=10 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810152121/https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=4568|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 20 |- ! scope="row"| Portugal (AFP)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.audiogest.pt/documents/files/top_vendas/Top_200_2018.xls|title=Top AFP - Audiogest - Top 200 Singles 2018|publisher=[[Associação Fonográfica Portuguesa]]|language=pt|access-date=July 3, 2020}}</ref> | 24 |- ! scope="row"| Russia (Tophit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.ru/ru/chart/russia/yearly/2018-01-01/all/all|title=Russia Top City & Country Radio Hits 2018|publisher=[[Tophit]]|access-date=2019-01-14|archive-date=2019-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119121722/https://tophit.ru/ru/chart/russia/yearly/2018-01-01/all/all|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 91 |- ! scope="row"| Slovenia (SloTop50)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slotop50.si/Glasbene-lestvice/Letne-lestvice/?year=2018|title=SloTop50: Slovenian official year end singles chart|publisher=slotop50.si|access-date=28 December 2018|archive-date=28 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128195120/https://www.slotop50.si/Glasbene-lestvice/Letne-lestvice/?year=2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 25 |- ! scope="row"| South Korea (Gaon)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/online.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=ALL&targetTime=2018&hitYear=2018&termGbn=year|publisher=[[Gaon Chart]]|title=Gaon Digital Chart – 2018 Year-End|access-date=10 January 2020}}</ref> | 29 |- ! scope="row"| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sverigetopplistan.se/chart/43?dspy=2018&dspp=1|title=Årslista Singlar – År 2018|publisher=Sverigetopplistan|language=sv|access-date=15 January 2019}}</ref> | 22 |- ! scope="row"| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hitparade.ch/charts/jahreshitparade/2018|title=Schweizer Jahreshitparade 2018 – hitparade.ch|publisher=Hung Medien|access-date=31 December 2018}}</ref> | 13 |- ! scope="row"| UK Singles (Official Charts Company)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/end-of-year-singles-chart/|title=End of Year Singles Chart Top 100 – 2018|publisher=Official Charts Company|access-date=29 December 2018}}</ref> | 31 |- ! scope="row"| US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2018/hot-100-songs|title=Hot 100 Songs – Year-End 2018|work=Billboard|access-date=4 December 2018}}</ref> | 71 |- ! scope="row"| US Adult Contemporary (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2018/adult-contemporary-songs|title=Adult Contemporary Songs – Year-End 2018|work=Billboard|access-date=4 September 2019}}</ref> | 15 |- ! scope="col"| Chart (2019) ! scope="col"| Position |- ! scope="row"| Australia (ARIA)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ariacharts.com.au/annual-charts/2019/singles-chart|title=ARIA End of Year Singles Chart 2019|publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association|access-date=10 January 2020}}</ref> | 75 |- ! scope="row"| Denmark (Tracklisten)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitlisten.nu/top2019.asp?list=Track%20100|title=Track Top-100 2019|publisher=Hitlisten|language=da|access-date=15 January 2020}}</ref> | 84 |- ! scope="row"| France (SNEP)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://snepmusique.com/les-tops/le-top-de-lannee/top-singles-annee/?categorie=Top%20Single%20de%20l%E2%80%99ann%C3%A9e&annee=2019|title=Top de l'année Top Singles 2019|publisher=SNEP|language=fr|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref> | 66 |- ! scope="row"| Japan (Japan Hot 100)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard-japan.com/charts/detail?a=hot100_year&year=2019|title=Japan Hot 100 – Year-End 2019|work=[[Billboard Japan]]|language=ja|access-date=4 January 2020}}</ref> | 27 |- ! scope="row"| Portugal (AFP)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.audiogest.pt/documents/files/Top%20AFP-AUDIOGEST_01-52_2019_V2%20site%281%29.pdf|title=Top AFP - Audiogest - Top 3000 Singles + EPs Digitais|publisher=[[Associação Fonográfica Portuguesa]]|language=pt|access-date=July 3, 2020}}</ref> | 100 |- ! scope="row"| Slovenia (SloTop50)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.slotop50.si/Glasbene-lestvice/Letne-lestvice/?year=2019|title=SloTop50 – Letne lestvice|publisher=SloTop50|language=sl|access-date=31 December 2019|archive-date=1 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301200026/https://www.slotop50.si/Glasbene-lestvice/Letne-lestvice/?year=2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 44 |- ! scope="row"| South Korea (Gaon)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/online.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=ALL&targetTime=2019&hitYear=2019&termGbn=year|title=2019년 Digital Chart|website=Gaon Chart|language=ko|access-date=31 December 2019}}</ref> | 94 |- ! scope="row"| UK Singles (Official Charts Company)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/end-of-year-singles-chart/20190101/37501/|title=End of Year Singles Chart Top 100 – 2019|publisher=Official Charts Company|access-date=4 January 2020}}</ref> | 76 |- ! scope="col"| Chart (2020) ! scope="col"| Position |- ! scope="row"| France (SNEP)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://snepmusique.com/les-tops/le-top-de-lannee/top-singles-annee/?annee=2020|title=Top de l'année Top Singles 2020|publisher=SNEP|language=fr|access-date=8 February 2021}}</ref> | 150 |- ! scope="row"| Japan (Japan Hot 100)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard-japan.com/charts/detail?a=hot100_year&year=2020|title=Japan Hot 100 – Year-End 2020|language=ja|work=[[Billboard Japan]]|access-date=5 December 2020}}</ref> | 64 |} ===Decade-end charts=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |- ! scope="col"| Chart (2010–19) ! scope="col"| Position |- ! scope="row"| Australia (ARIA)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ariacharts.com.au/annual-charts/2019/end-of-decade-singles-chart|title=2019 ARIA End of Decade Singles Chart|publisher=ARIA|access-date=16 January 2020}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Germany (Official German Charts)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/offizielle.deutsche.charts/posts/2860268444032126|title=Platz 1️⃣ - und damit DIE erfolgreichste Single und DAS erfolgreichste Album des Jahrzehnts +++ +++ "Shape Of You" von Ed Sheeran. 15 Wochen auf der Eins, 91 Wochen in der Top 100, erfolgreichste Single 2017. Warner Music Germany +++ "Farbenspiel" von Helene Fischer. 15 Wochen auf der Eins, 247 Wochen in der Top 100, erfolgreichstes Album 2013 und 2014. Universal Music Deutschland|via=[[Facebook]]|publisher=[[GfK Entertainment]]|language=de|access-date=31 December 2019}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| UK Singles (Official Charts Company)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/the-uks-official-top-100-biggest-songs-of-the-decade-2010-2019__27936/|title=The UK's Official Top 100 biggest songs of the decade|publisher=Official Charts Company|last=Copsey|first=Rob|date=11 December 2019|access-date=12 December 2019}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/decade-end/hot-100|title=Decade-End Charts: Hot 100 Songs|work=Billboard|access-date=15 November 2019}}</ref> | 3 |- ! scope="row"| US Mainstream Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bdsradio.com/pd/docs/year_end_2019_us.pdf|title=Year-end-2019|work=Bdsradio|access-date=25 April 2020|archive-date=26 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626203607/https://www.bdsradio.com/pd/docs/year_end_2019_us.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |} ===All-time charts=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |- ! scope="col"| Chart ! scope="col"| Position |- ! scope="row"|US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100-60th-anniversary|title=Billboard Hot 100 60th Anniversary Interactive Chart|work=Billboard|access-date=10 December 2018}}</ref> | 9 |- ! scope="row"|France ([[SNEP]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lescharts.com/bestall.asp|title=LES MEILLEURS|publisher=lescharts.com|work=[[SNEP]]|language=fr}}</ref> | 2 |} {{col-end}} == References == {{reflist}} {{Music-stub}} [[Category:2017 songs]] [[Category:Pop songs]] [[Category:Ed Sheeran songs]] ajiqn333ynul0xtvaoe7wiofrpk6bjk 0 584732 10368284 10332389 2025-07-02T21:22:28Z LatestClash 1610566 10368284 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Bon Appétit | cover = | alt = | border = yes | type = | artist = [[Katy Perry]] featuring [[Migos]] | album = [[Witness (Katy Perry album)|Witness]] | EP = | written = | published =January 1 , 2017 | released = April 28, 2017 | format = | recorded =2015 - 2017 | studio = {{flatlist| *MXM Studios <small>([[Los Angeles]], [[California]])</small> *Wolf Cousins Studios <small>([[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]])</small> *Unsub Studios <small>(Los Angeles, California)</small>}} | venue = | genre = {{hlist|[[Dance-pop]]|[[Trap music (hip hop)|trap]]-[[pop music|pop]]}} | length = 3:47 | label = [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] | writer = {{hlist|[[Katy Perry]]|[[Quavo|Quavious Marshall]]|[[Takeoff (rapper)|Kirsnick Ball]]|[[Offset (rapper)|Kiari Cephus]]|[[Max Martin]]|[[Shellback (record producer)|Shellback]]|[[Oscar Holter]]|[[Ferras|Ferras Alqaisi]]}} | composer = | lyricist = | producer = {{hlist|[[Max Martin]]|Shellback|Oscar Holter}} | chronology = [[Katy Perry]] singles | prev_title = [[Chained to the Rhythm]] | prev_year = 2017 | title = | next_title = [[Swish Swish]] | next_year = 2017 | misc = {{Extra chronology | artist = [[Migos]] singles | type = single | prev_title = Peek a Boo | prev_year = 2017 | title = Bon Appétit | year = 2017 | next_title = [[Body (Sean Paul song)|Body]] | next_year = 2017 }} }} "'''Bon Appétit'''" is a song by American singer [[Katy Perry]]. It is from her fifth studio album, ''[[Witness (Katy Perry album)|Witness]]''. The song features [[hip-hop]] group Migos. It entered the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] at number 76 and has reached number 59 so far on that chart. The song reached the top twenty in Canada. "Bon Appétit" was certified gold in the US for sales and streams of 500,000 copies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/chartdata/status/920398837147041792|title=US Certifications (@RIAA): @katyperry Feat. @Migos, Bon Appétit Gold (500,000).|last=chart data|date=2017-10-17|website=@chartdata|language=fr|access-date=2017-10-18}}</ref> == Composition == "Bon Appétit" from her fifth album ''[[Witness (Katy Perry album)|Witness]]'' is described as a mix of "sexual liberation" and playful, upbeat [[Pop music|pop]]. It's a blend of [[dance-pop]], [[Trap music|trap]], and [[Euro disco|Eurodisco]] styles with a catchy, summery rhythm.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=Katy Perry's 'Bon Appetit' Isn't About Food At All, Is It|language=en|work=MTV News|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/3007235/katy-perry-migos-bon-appetit/|access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Smith|first=Da'Shan|date=2017-04-28|title=Katy Perry Says ‘Bon Appetit’ by Handing Out Cherry Pies to Fans in Times Square|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/katy-perry-bon-appetit-cherry-pies-times-square-food-truck-7776814/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=Billboard|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Katy Perry Is Reflective, Anxious, and Fired Up On 'Witness': EW Review|url=https://ew.com/music/2017/06/08/katy-perry-witness-review/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=EW.com|language=en}}</ref> The song features food-related double entendres, with lyrics that suggest both sensual and sexual meanings.<ref name=":0" /> For example, when Perry sings "Got me spread like a buffet," it's widely interpreted as a reference to oral sex.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Brandle|first=Lars|date=2017-04-28|title=Katy Perry Serves Up New Single ‘Bon Appetit’ Featuring Migos: Listen|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/katy-perry-bon-appetit-7776296/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=Billboard|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Gaca|first=Anna|date=2017-04-28|title=Katy Perry and Migos’ “Bon Appétit” Is Here to Spoil Your Appetite|url=https://www.spin.com/2017/04/katy-perry-migos-bon-appetit-review/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=SPIN|language=en-US}}</ref> Critics have compared the song to [[AC/DC]]'s music, highlighting its energetic, building beat.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Weingarten|first=Christopher R.|date=2017-06-09|title=Review: Katy Perry Navigates a Less Bombastic Pop Universe on 'Witness'|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-album-reviews/review-katy-perry-navigates-a-less-bombastic-pop-universe-on-witness-201588/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=Rolling Stone|language=en-US}}</ref> Musically, it’s in the key of B♭ Phrygian, with Perry’s vocal range spanning from G♭3 to E♭5.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Katy|first=Perry|last2=Karl|first2=Schuster|last3=Max|first3=Martin|last4=Oscar|first4=Holter|last5=Ferras|first5=Alqaisi|last6=Kirshnik|first6=Ball|last7=Quavious|first7=Marshall|last8=Kendrell|first8=Cephus, Kiari|last9=|first9=|date=2017-05-01|title=Bon Appetit|url=https://www.musicnotes.com/sheetmusic/mtd.asp?ppn=MN0174048|access-date=2025-07-02|website=Musicnotes.com|language=en}}</ref> == Music video == Dent De Cuir directed the music video, released on May 12, 2017, featuring chef Roy Choi. The video begins with Perry wrapped in plastic, which chefs open and knead her like dough. She is then placed in a meal scenario with different types of food, and Choi serves her to various customers. [[Migos]] raps their verses while Perry rings a bell, activating a switch that lets her turn the tables on the patrons. In a scene inspired by the movie ''[[Beetlejuice]]'' (1988), people are shocked, cooked, and then served by the chefs while Perry dances on a pole. The video ends with Perry being served a pie containing an unusual ingredient from the meal.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Smith|first=Da'Shan|date=2017-05-12|title=Katy Perry Is the Main Course in Eerie New ‘Bon Appetit’ Video With Migos: Watch|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/katy-perry-bon-appetit-video-migos-7793006/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=Billboard|language=en-US}}</ref> == Credits and personnel == === Recording === * Recorded at MXM Studios ([[Los Angeles]], [[California]]), Wolf Cousins Studios ([[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]]) and Unsub Studios (Los Angeles, California) * Mixed at MixStar Studios ([[Virginia Beach, Virginia]]) * Mastered at Sterling Sound ([[New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York]]) === Management === * When I'm Rich You'll Be My Bitch ([[American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers|ASCAP]]) – administered by WB Music Corp., – MXM – administered by Kobalt (ASCAP), WB Music Corp. on behalf of Warner/Chappell Music Scandinavia AB and Wolf Cousins (ASCAP), WB Music Corp. (ASCAP), Crown and Scepter (ASCAP), Unsub Pub LLC (ASCAP) – administered by WB Music Corp. –, Huncho YRN Music/Quality Control QC Pro/Universal Music Corp. (ASCAP), YRN Piped Up Entertainment/Quality Control QC Pro/Reservoir Media Music (ASCAP) and Silent Assassin YRN/Quality Control QC Pro/Reservoir Media Music (ASCAP) * [[Migos]] appears courtesy of Quality Control Music === Personnel === {{Div col}} * [[Katy Perry]]&nbsp;– lead vocals, songwriter * Migos&nbsp;– featured vocals, songwriters * [[Max Martin]]&nbsp;– songwriter, [[Record producer|producer]] for MXM Productions * [[Shellback (record producer)|Shellback]]&nbsp;– songwriter, producer for MXM Productions, keyboards, [[Programming (music)|programming]], background vocals * Oscar Holter&nbsp;– songwriter, producer for Wolf Cousins Productions, keyboards, programming * [[Ferras|Ferras Alqasi]]&nbsp;– songwriter * Sam Holland&nbsp;– [[Audio engineer|engineering]] * Cory Bice&nbsp;– engineering assistant * Jeremy Lertola&nbsp;– engineering assistant * Peter Karlsson&nbsp;– vocal editing * Daryl "DJ Durel" McPherson&nbsp;– vocals [[Sound recording and reproduction|recording]] (Migos) * Serban Ghenea&nbsp;– [[Audio mixing|mixing]] * John Hanes&nbsp;– mixing engineering * [[Randy Merrill]]&nbsp;– [[Audio mastering|mastering]] {{Div col end}} Credits adapted from the [[liner notes]] of ''Witness''.<ref>{{cite AV media notes|title=Witness|title-link=Witness (Katy Perry album)|others=[[Katy Perry]]|year=2017|type=CD|publisher=[[Capitol Records]]|page=11, 14|id=060255769935}}</ref> == Track listing == {{Track listing | headline = Digital download | title1 = Bon Appétit | note1 = featuring Migos | length1 = 3:47 }} {{Track listing | headline = Digital download – [[3lau]] remix<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/au/album/bon-app%C3%A9tit-3lau-remix-feat-migos-single/1236015701|title=Bon Appétit (3LAU Remix) [feat. Migos] – Single by Katy Perry on Apple Music|website=iTunes Store (AU)|access-date=May 19, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716200735/https://itunes.apple.com/au/album/bon-app%C3%A9tit-3lau-remix-feat-migos-single/id1236015701|archive-date=July 16, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> | title1 = Bon Appétit | note1 = 3lau remix; featuring Migos | length1 = 3:04 }} {{Track listing | headline = Digital download – [[Martin Jensen (DJ)|Martin Jensen]] remix<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/au/album/bon-app%C3%A9tit-feat-migos-martin-jensen-remix-single/1236024377|title=Bon Appétit (feat. Migos) [Martin Jensen Remix] – Single by Katy Perry on Apple Music|website=iTunes Store (AU)|access-date=May 19, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716200735/https://itunes.apple.com/au/album/bon-app%C3%A9tit-feat-migos-martin-jensen-remix-single/id1236024377|archive-date=July 16, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> | title1 = Bon Appétit | note1 = Martin Jensen remix; featuring Migos | length1 = 2:56 }} {{Track listing | headline = Digital download – [[Muna (band)|Muna]] remix<ref>{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/au/album/bon-appétit-muna-remix-single/id1236015436|title=Bon Appétit (MUNA Remix) – Single by Katy Perry on Apple Music|website=iTunes Store (AU)|access-date=May 19, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716200735/https://itunes.apple.com/au/album/bon-app%C3%A9tit-muna-remix-single/id1236015436|archive-date=July 16, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> | title1 = Bon Appétit | note1 = Muna remix | length1 = 3:21 }} {{Track listing | headline = Digital download – Amir Afargan remix<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/fr/album/bon-appétit-feat-migos-amir-afargan-remix-single/1444332139|title=Bon Appétit (Amir Afargan Remix) – Single by Katy Perry on Apple Music|website=Apple Music (FR)|access-date=June 14, 2023}}</ref> | title1 = Bon Appétit | note1 = Amir Afargan remix; featuring Migos | length1 = 3:43 }} {{Track listing | headline = Digital download – Aslove remix<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/fr/album/bon-appétit-feat-migos-aslove-remix-single/1444443858|title=Bon Appétit (Aslove Remix) – Single by Katy Perry on Apple Music|website=Apple Music (FR)|access-date=June 14, 2023}}</ref> | title1 = Bon Appétit | note1 = Aslove remix; featuring Migos | length1 = 3:54 }} == References == {{reflist}} {{Katy Perry}} [[Category:Katy Perry songs]] [[Category:2017 songs]] {{Music-stub}} 7o5tlcz371q25kvey2row8pkzm4iui4 1 586521 10367819 8758666 2025-07-02T15:45:22Z 2409:40D2:12F1:1368:8000:0:0:0 /* Moot */ new section 10367819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{dyktalk|1 June|2017|entry=... that '''[[lethal injection]]''', a form of [[execution]], was first thought of in 1888 and was put into use in 1977?}} {{controversial}} == Moot == Mujhe zehar ka injection lgana hai lakin kese lgaun [[Special:Contributions/2409:40D2:12F1:1368:8000:0:0:0|2409:40D2:12F1:1368:8000:0:0:0]] ([[User talk:2409:40D2:12F1:1368:8000:0:0:0|talk]]) 15:45, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 1v7kpwqj1y8ugbbi2u945kbwt3gkosi 0 589533 10368276 9776651 2025-07-02T21:18:01Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:GW-VD-Bellerive.svg]] → [[File:CHE Bellerive COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10368276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Broye-Vully District | native_name = District de la Broye-Vully | settlement_type = District | image_map = Karte Bezirk Broye-Vully 2008.png | subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] | subdivision_name = {{CHE}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Cantons of Switzerland|Canton]] | subdivision_name2 = {{Flag|Vaud}} | subdivision_type3 = Capital | subdivision_name3 = [[Payerne]] | area_total_km2 = 264.98 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2015 | population_total = 41'811 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | blank_name_sec1 = Municipalities | blank_info_sec1 = 52 }} '''Broye-Vully District''' ({{lang-fr|District de la Broye-Vully}}) is a [[district]] in the [[Vaud|canton of Vaud]], [[Switzerland]]. The capital is the town of [[Payerne]]. ==Municipalities== <div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;"> {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Coat of arms ! align="left" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Name ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Population<br /><small>(31 Dec 2015)</small> ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Area<br />in km² |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Avenches COA.svg|35px|Avenches]] | [[Avenches]] || align="center" |4110|| align="right" |17.56 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Bellerive COA.svg|35px|Bellerive]] | [[Bellerive, Switzerland|Bellerive]] || align="center" |632|| align="right" |2.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Brenles (Vaud).svg|35px|Brenles]] | [[Brenles]] || align="center" |144|| align="right" |3.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Bussy-sur-Moudon-coat of arms.svg|35px|Bussy-sur-Moudon]] | [[Bussy-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |198|| align="right" |3.09 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE commune d'Carrouge flag.svg|35px|Carrouge]] | [[Carrouge, Vaud|Carrouge]] || align="center" |1111|| align="right" |5.42 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Cerniaz.jpg|35px|Cerniaz]] | [[Cerniaz]] || align="center" |55|| align="right" |1.80 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Chabrey.png|35px|Chabrey]] | [[Chabrey]] || align="center" |267|| align="right" |3.96 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Champtauroz-coat of arms.svg|35px|Champtauroz]] | [[Champtauroz]] || align="center" |133|| align="right" |3.05 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Chavannes-sur-Moudon COA.svg|35px|Chavannes-sur-Moudon]] | [[Chavannes-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |224|| align="right" |5.14 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Chesalles-sur-Moudon COA.svg|35px|Chesalles-sur-Moudon]] | [[Chesalles-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |169|| align="right" |1.67 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Chevroux-coat of arm.svg|35px|Chevroux]] | [[Chevroux, Switzerland|Chevroux]] || align="center" |435|| align="right" |4.37 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Combremg.jpg|35px|Combremont-le-Grand]] | [[Combremont-le-Grand]] || align="center" |311|| align="right" |6.60 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Combremont-le-Petit COA.svg|35px|Combremont-le-Petit]] | [[Combremont-le-Petit]] || align="center" |378|| align="right" |5.73 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Constantine.png|35px|Constantine]] | [[Constantine, Switzerland|Constantine]] || align="center" |327|| align="right" |2.81 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Corcelles-le-Jorat-coat of arms.svg|35px|Corcelles-le-Jorat]] | [[Corcelles-le-Jorat]] || align="center" |423|| align="right" |7.93 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Corcelles-près-Payerne (Vaud).svg|35px|Corcelles-près-Payerne]] | [[Corcelles-près-Payerne]] || align="center" |233|| align="right" |12.13 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Cremin-coat of arms.svg|35px|Cremin]] | [[Cremin]] || align="center" |58|| align="right" |1.65 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Cudrefin (Vaud).svg|35px|Cudrefin]] | [[Cudrefin]] || align="center" |1516|| align="right" |15.82 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Curtilles-coat of arms.svg|35px|Curtilles]] | [[Curtilles]] || align="center" |311|| align="right" |4.95 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Dompierre VD COA.svg|35px|Dompierre]] | [[Dompierre, Vaud|Dompierre]] || align="center" |247|| align="right" |3.21 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Faoug-coat of arms.svg|35px|Faoug]] | [[Faoug]] || align="center" |860|| align="right" |3.45 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Forel-sur-Lucens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Forel-sur-Lucens]] | [[Forel-sur-Lucens]] || align="center" |152|| align="right" |2.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Grandcour-coat of arms.svg|35px|Grandcour]] | [[Grandcour]] || align="center" |851|| align="right" |10.21 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Grangesm.jpg|35px|Granges-près-Marnand]] | [[Granges-près-Marnand]] || align="center" |1218|| align="right" |7.02 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Henniez (Vaud).svg|35px|Henniez]] | [[Henniez, Switzerland|Henniez]] || align="center" |339|| align="right" |2.61 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Hermenches.jpg|35px|Hermenches]] | [[Hermenches]] || align="center" |381|| align="right" |4.77 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Lovatens COA.svg|35px|Lovatens]] | [[Lovatens]] || align="center" |150|| align="right" |3.47 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Lucens COA.svg|35px|Lucens]] | [[Lucens]] || align="center" |3937|| align="right" |6.28 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Marnand.jpg|35px|Marnand]] | [[Marnand, Switzerland|Marnand]] || align="center" |161|| align="right" |2.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Missy CH.jpg|35px|Missy]] | [[Missy, Switzerland|Missy]] || align="center" |349|| align="right" |3.11 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Montmagny.png|35px|Montmagny]] | [[Montmagny, Switzerland|Montmagny]] || align="center" |178|| align="right" |3.80 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Moudon COA.svg|35px|Moudon]] | [[Moudon]] || align="center" |5925|| align="right" |15.69 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Mur.png|35px|Mur]] | [[Mur, Switzerland|Mur]] || align="center" |203|| align="right" |1.78 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Oleyres.jpg|35px|Oleyres]] | [[Oleyres]] || align="center" |240|| align="right" |1.92 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Oulens2.jpg|35px|Oulens-sur-Lucens]] | [[Oulens-sur-Lucens]] || align="center" |52|| align="right" |1.59 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Payerne VD COA.svg|35px|Payerne]] | '''[[Payerne]]''' || align="center" |9460|| align="right" |24.19 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Prévonloup.svg|35px|Prévonloup]] | [[Prévonloup]] || align="center" |172|| align="right" |1.84 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Ropraz.jpg|35px|Ropraz]] | [[Ropraz]] || align="center" |407|| align="right" |4.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Rossenges (Vaud).svg|35px|Rossenges]] | [[Rossenges]] || align="center" |65|| align="right" |1.07 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Sarzens.jpg|35px|Sarzens]] | [[Sarzens]] || align="center" |50|| align="right" |1.44 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Sassel-blason.png|35px|Sassel]] | [[Sassel]] || align="center" |149|| align="right" |3.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Seigneux.jpg|35px|Seigneux]] | [[Seigneux]] || align="center" |279|| align="right" |3.74 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Syens COA.svg|35px|Syens]] | [[Syens]] || align="center" |139|| align="right" |2.52 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Trey-coat of arms.svg|35px|Trey]] | [[Trey, Vaud|Trey]] || align="center" |256|| align="right" |3.81 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Treytorrens (Vaud).svg|35px|Treytorrens (Payerne)]] | [[Treytorrens (Payerne)]] || align="center" |123|| align="right" |3.07 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Vallamand.png|35px|Vallamand]] | [[Vallamand]] || align="center" |389|| align="right" |2.34 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Villarsbr.jpg|35px|Villars-Bramard]] | [[Villars-Bramard]] || align="center" |116|| align="right" |3.16 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GX-VD-Villars-le-Comte.png|35px|Villars-le-Comte]] | [[Villars-le-Comte]] || align="center" |150|| align="right" |4.19 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Villars-le-Grand.png|35px|Villars-le-Grand]] | [[Villars-le-Grand]] || align="center" |282|| align="right" |4.20 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Villarzel.png|35px|Villarzel]] | [[Villarzel, Switzerland|Villarzel]] || align="center" |416|| align="right" |7.66 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Vucherens ch.png|35px|Vucherens]] | [[Vucherens]] || align="center" |543|| align="right" |3.27 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Vulliens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Vulliens]] | [[Vulliens]] || align="center" |461|| align="right" |6.63 |- style="background-color:#EFEFEF;" | | '''Total''' (52) || align="center" | 41,811 || align="center" | 264.98 |} </div> {{Commonscat}} {{Switzerland-stub}} [[Category:2008 establishments in Switzerland]] [[Category:Broye-Vully (district)]] jpo3klj8wyikf6yt3x170h59tya7ibr 10368408 10368276 2025-07-02T22:47:11Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Bussy-sur-Moudon-coat of arms.svg]] → [[File:CHE Bussy-sur-Moudon COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10368408 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Broye-Vully District | native_name = District de la Broye-Vully | settlement_type = District | image_map = Karte Bezirk Broye-Vully 2008.png | subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] | subdivision_name = {{CHE}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Cantons of Switzerland|Canton]] | subdivision_name2 = {{Flag|Vaud}} | subdivision_type3 = Capital | subdivision_name3 = [[Payerne]] | area_total_km2 = 264.98 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2015 | population_total = 41'811 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | blank_name_sec1 = Municipalities | blank_info_sec1 = 52 }} '''Broye-Vully District''' ({{lang-fr|District de la Broye-Vully}}) is a [[district]] in the [[Vaud|canton of Vaud]], [[Switzerland]]. The capital is the town of [[Payerne]]. ==Municipalities== <div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;"> {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Coat of arms ! align="left" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Name ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Population<br /><small>(31 Dec 2015)</small> ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Area<br />in km² |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Avenches COA.svg|35px|Avenches]] | [[Avenches]] || align="center" |4110|| align="right" |17.56 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Bellerive COA.svg|35px|Bellerive]] | [[Bellerive, Switzerland|Bellerive]] || align="center" |632|| align="right" |2.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Brenles (Vaud).svg|35px|Brenles]] | [[Brenles]] || align="center" |144|| align="right" |3.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Bussy-sur-Moudon COA.svg|35px|Bussy-sur-Moudon]] | [[Bussy-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |198|| align="right" |3.09 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE commune d'Carrouge flag.svg|35px|Carrouge]] | [[Carrouge, Vaud|Carrouge]] || align="center" |1111|| align="right" |5.42 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Cerniaz.jpg|35px|Cerniaz]] | [[Cerniaz]] || align="center" |55|| align="right" |1.80 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Chabrey.png|35px|Chabrey]] | [[Chabrey]] || align="center" |267|| align="right" |3.96 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Champtauroz-coat of arms.svg|35px|Champtauroz]] | [[Champtauroz]] || align="center" |133|| align="right" |3.05 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Chavannes-sur-Moudon COA.svg|35px|Chavannes-sur-Moudon]] | [[Chavannes-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |224|| align="right" |5.14 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Chesalles-sur-Moudon COA.svg|35px|Chesalles-sur-Moudon]] | [[Chesalles-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |169|| align="right" |1.67 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Chevroux-coat of arm.svg|35px|Chevroux]] | [[Chevroux, Switzerland|Chevroux]] || align="center" |435|| align="right" |4.37 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Combremg.jpg|35px|Combremont-le-Grand]] | [[Combremont-le-Grand]] || align="center" |311|| align="right" |6.60 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Combremont-le-Petit COA.svg|35px|Combremont-le-Petit]] | [[Combremont-le-Petit]] || align="center" |378|| align="right" |5.73 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Constantine.png|35px|Constantine]] | [[Constantine, Switzerland|Constantine]] || align="center" |327|| align="right" |2.81 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Corcelles-le-Jorat-coat of arms.svg|35px|Corcelles-le-Jorat]] | [[Corcelles-le-Jorat]] || align="center" |423|| align="right" |7.93 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Corcelles-près-Payerne (Vaud).svg|35px|Corcelles-près-Payerne]] | [[Corcelles-près-Payerne]] || align="center" |233|| align="right" |12.13 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Cremin-coat of arms.svg|35px|Cremin]] | [[Cremin]] || align="center" |58|| align="right" |1.65 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Cudrefin (Vaud).svg|35px|Cudrefin]] | [[Cudrefin]] || align="center" |1516|| align="right" |15.82 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Curtilles-coat of arms.svg|35px|Curtilles]] | [[Curtilles]] || align="center" |311|| align="right" |4.95 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Dompierre VD COA.svg|35px|Dompierre]] | [[Dompierre, Vaud|Dompierre]] || align="center" |247|| align="right" |3.21 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Faoug-coat of arms.svg|35px|Faoug]] | [[Faoug]] || align="center" |860|| align="right" |3.45 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Forel-sur-Lucens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Forel-sur-Lucens]] | [[Forel-sur-Lucens]] || align="center" |152|| align="right" |2.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Grandcour-coat of arms.svg|35px|Grandcour]] | [[Grandcour]] || align="center" |851|| align="right" |10.21 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Grangesm.jpg|35px|Granges-près-Marnand]] | [[Granges-près-Marnand]] || align="center" |1218|| align="right" |7.02 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Henniez (Vaud).svg|35px|Henniez]] | [[Henniez, Switzerland|Henniez]] || align="center" |339|| align="right" |2.61 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Hermenches.jpg|35px|Hermenches]] | [[Hermenches]] || align="center" |381|| align="right" |4.77 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Lovatens COA.svg|35px|Lovatens]] | [[Lovatens]] || align="center" |150|| align="right" |3.47 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Lucens COA.svg|35px|Lucens]] | [[Lucens]] || align="center" |3937|| align="right" |6.28 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Marnand.jpg|35px|Marnand]] | [[Marnand, Switzerland|Marnand]] || align="center" |161|| align="right" |2.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Missy CH.jpg|35px|Missy]] | [[Missy, Switzerland|Missy]] || align="center" |349|| align="right" |3.11 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Montmagny.png|35px|Montmagny]] | [[Montmagny, Switzerland|Montmagny]] || align="center" |178|| align="right" |3.80 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Moudon COA.svg|35px|Moudon]] | [[Moudon]] || align="center" |5925|| align="right" |15.69 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Mur.png|35px|Mur]] | [[Mur, Switzerland|Mur]] || align="center" |203|| align="right" |1.78 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Oleyres.jpg|35px|Oleyres]] | [[Oleyres]] || align="center" |240|| align="right" |1.92 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Oulens2.jpg|35px|Oulens-sur-Lucens]] | [[Oulens-sur-Lucens]] || align="center" |52|| align="right" |1.59 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Payerne VD COA.svg|35px|Payerne]] | '''[[Payerne]]''' || align="center" |9460|| align="right" |24.19 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Prévonloup.svg|35px|Prévonloup]] | [[Prévonloup]] || align="center" |172|| align="right" |1.84 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Ropraz.jpg|35px|Ropraz]] | [[Ropraz]] || align="center" |407|| align="right" |4.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Rossenges (Vaud).svg|35px|Rossenges]] | [[Rossenges]] || align="center" |65|| align="right" |1.07 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Sarzens.jpg|35px|Sarzens]] | [[Sarzens]] || align="center" |50|| align="right" |1.44 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Sassel-blason.png|35px|Sassel]] | [[Sassel]] || align="center" |149|| align="right" |3.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Seigneux.jpg|35px|Seigneux]] | [[Seigneux]] || align="center" |279|| align="right" |3.74 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Syens COA.svg|35px|Syens]] | [[Syens]] || align="center" |139|| align="right" |2.52 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Trey-coat of arms.svg|35px|Trey]] | [[Trey, Vaud|Trey]] || align="center" |256|| align="right" |3.81 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Treytorrens (Vaud).svg|35px|Treytorrens (Payerne)]] | [[Treytorrens (Payerne)]] || align="center" |123|| align="right" |3.07 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Vallamand.png|35px|Vallamand]] | [[Vallamand]] || align="center" |389|| align="right" |2.34 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Villarsbr.jpg|35px|Villars-Bramard]] | [[Villars-Bramard]] || align="center" |116|| align="right" |3.16 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GX-VD-Villars-le-Comte.png|35px|Villars-le-Comte]] | [[Villars-le-Comte]] || align="center" |150|| align="right" |4.19 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Villars-le-Grand.png|35px|Villars-le-Grand]] | [[Villars-le-Grand]] || align="center" |282|| align="right" |4.20 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Villarzel.png|35px|Villarzel]] | [[Villarzel, Switzerland|Villarzel]] || align="center" |416|| align="right" |7.66 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Vucherens ch.png|35px|Vucherens]] | [[Vucherens]] || align="center" |543|| align="right" |3.27 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Vulliens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Vulliens]] | [[Vulliens]] || align="center" |461|| align="right" |6.63 |- style="background-color:#EFEFEF;" | | '''Total''' (52) || align="center" | 41,811 || align="center" | 264.98 |} </div> {{Commonscat}} {{Switzerland-stub}} [[Category:2008 establishments in Switzerland]] [[Category:Broye-Vully (district)]] 0oapyi1pgwrwrc7amew6kx1otmm141o 10369144 10368408 2025-07-03T08:03:30Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Champtauroz-coat of arms.svg]] → [[File:CHE Champtauroz COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10369144 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Broye-Vully District | native_name = District de la Broye-Vully | settlement_type = District | image_map = Karte Bezirk Broye-Vully 2008.png | subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] | subdivision_name = {{CHE}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Cantons of Switzerland|Canton]] | subdivision_name2 = {{Flag|Vaud}} | subdivision_type3 = Capital | subdivision_name3 = [[Payerne]] | area_total_km2 = 264.98 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2015 | population_total = 41'811 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | blank_name_sec1 = Municipalities | blank_info_sec1 = 52 }} '''Broye-Vully District''' ({{lang-fr|District de la Broye-Vully}}) is a [[district]] in the [[Vaud|canton of Vaud]], [[Switzerland]]. The capital is the town of [[Payerne]]. ==Municipalities== <div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;"> {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Coat of arms ! align="left" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Name ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Population<br /><small>(31 Dec 2015)</small> ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Area<br />in km² |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Avenches COA.svg|35px|Avenches]] | [[Avenches]] || align="center" |4110|| align="right" |17.56 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Bellerive COA.svg|35px|Bellerive]] | [[Bellerive, Switzerland|Bellerive]] || align="center" |632|| align="right" |2.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Brenles (Vaud).svg|35px|Brenles]] | [[Brenles]] || align="center" |144|| align="right" |3.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Bussy-sur-Moudon COA.svg|35px|Bussy-sur-Moudon]] | [[Bussy-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |198|| align="right" |3.09 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE commune d'Carrouge flag.svg|35px|Carrouge]] | [[Carrouge, Vaud|Carrouge]] || align="center" |1111|| align="right" |5.42 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Cerniaz.jpg|35px|Cerniaz]] | [[Cerniaz]] || align="center" |55|| align="right" |1.80 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Chabrey.png|35px|Chabrey]] | [[Chabrey]] || align="center" |267|| align="right" |3.96 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Champtauroz COA.svg|35px|Champtauroz]] | [[Champtauroz]] || align="center" |133|| align="right" |3.05 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Chavannes-sur-Moudon COA.svg|35px|Chavannes-sur-Moudon]] | [[Chavannes-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |224|| align="right" |5.14 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Chesalles-sur-Moudon COA.svg|35px|Chesalles-sur-Moudon]] | [[Chesalles-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |169|| align="right" |1.67 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Chevroux-coat of arm.svg|35px|Chevroux]] | [[Chevroux, Switzerland|Chevroux]] || align="center" |435|| align="right" |4.37 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Combremg.jpg|35px|Combremont-le-Grand]] | [[Combremont-le-Grand]] || align="center" |311|| align="right" |6.60 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Combremont-le-Petit COA.svg|35px|Combremont-le-Petit]] | [[Combremont-le-Petit]] || align="center" |378|| align="right" |5.73 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Constantine.png|35px|Constantine]] | [[Constantine, Switzerland|Constantine]] || align="center" |327|| align="right" |2.81 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Corcelles-le-Jorat-coat of arms.svg|35px|Corcelles-le-Jorat]] | [[Corcelles-le-Jorat]] || align="center" |423|| align="right" |7.93 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Corcelles-près-Payerne (Vaud).svg|35px|Corcelles-près-Payerne]] | [[Corcelles-près-Payerne]] || align="center" |233|| align="right" |12.13 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Cremin-coat of arms.svg|35px|Cremin]] | [[Cremin]] || align="center" |58|| align="right" |1.65 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Cudrefin (Vaud).svg|35px|Cudrefin]] | [[Cudrefin]] || align="center" |1516|| align="right" |15.82 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Curtilles-coat of arms.svg|35px|Curtilles]] | [[Curtilles]] || align="center" |311|| align="right" |4.95 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Dompierre VD COA.svg|35px|Dompierre]] | [[Dompierre, Vaud|Dompierre]] || align="center" |247|| align="right" |3.21 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Faoug-coat of arms.svg|35px|Faoug]] | [[Faoug]] || align="center" |860|| align="right" |3.45 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Forel-sur-Lucens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Forel-sur-Lucens]] | [[Forel-sur-Lucens]] || align="center" |152|| align="right" |2.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Grandcour-coat of arms.svg|35px|Grandcour]] | [[Grandcour]] || align="center" |851|| align="right" |10.21 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Grangesm.jpg|35px|Granges-près-Marnand]] | [[Granges-près-Marnand]] || align="center" |1218|| align="right" |7.02 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Henniez (Vaud).svg|35px|Henniez]] | [[Henniez, Switzerland|Henniez]] || align="center" |339|| align="right" |2.61 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Hermenches.jpg|35px|Hermenches]] | [[Hermenches]] || align="center" |381|| align="right" |4.77 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Lovatens COA.svg|35px|Lovatens]] | [[Lovatens]] || align="center" |150|| align="right" |3.47 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Lucens COA.svg|35px|Lucens]] | [[Lucens]] || align="center" |3937|| align="right" |6.28 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Marnand.jpg|35px|Marnand]] | [[Marnand, Switzerland|Marnand]] || align="center" |161|| align="right" |2.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Missy CH.jpg|35px|Missy]] | [[Missy, Switzerland|Missy]] || align="center" |349|| align="right" |3.11 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Montmagny.png|35px|Montmagny]] | [[Montmagny, Switzerland|Montmagny]] || align="center" |178|| align="right" |3.80 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Moudon COA.svg|35px|Moudon]] | [[Moudon]] || align="center" |5925|| align="right" |15.69 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Mur.png|35px|Mur]] | [[Mur, Switzerland|Mur]] || align="center" |203|| align="right" |1.78 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Oleyres.jpg|35px|Oleyres]] | [[Oleyres]] || align="center" |240|| align="right" |1.92 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Oulens2.jpg|35px|Oulens-sur-Lucens]] | [[Oulens-sur-Lucens]] || align="center" |52|| align="right" |1.59 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Payerne VD COA.svg|35px|Payerne]] | '''[[Payerne]]''' || align="center" |9460|| align="right" |24.19 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Prévonloup.svg|35px|Prévonloup]] | [[Prévonloup]] || align="center" |172|| align="right" |1.84 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Ropraz.jpg|35px|Ropraz]] | [[Ropraz]] || align="center" |407|| align="right" |4.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Rossenges (Vaud).svg|35px|Rossenges]] | [[Rossenges]] || align="center" |65|| align="right" |1.07 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Sarzens.jpg|35px|Sarzens]] | [[Sarzens]] || align="center" |50|| align="right" |1.44 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Sassel-blason.png|35px|Sassel]] | [[Sassel]] || align="center" |149|| align="right" |3.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Seigneux.jpg|35px|Seigneux]] | [[Seigneux]] || align="center" |279|| align="right" |3.74 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Syens COA.svg|35px|Syens]] | [[Syens]] || align="center" |139|| align="right" |2.52 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Trey-coat of arms.svg|35px|Trey]] | [[Trey, Vaud|Trey]] || align="center" |256|| align="right" |3.81 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Treytorrens (Vaud).svg|35px|Treytorrens (Payerne)]] | [[Treytorrens (Payerne)]] || align="center" |123|| align="right" |3.07 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Vallamand.png|35px|Vallamand]] | [[Vallamand]] || align="center" |389|| align="right" |2.34 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Villarsbr.jpg|35px|Villars-Bramard]] | [[Villars-Bramard]] || align="center" |116|| align="right" |3.16 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GX-VD-Villars-le-Comte.png|35px|Villars-le-Comte]] | [[Villars-le-Comte]] || align="center" |150|| align="right" |4.19 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Villars-le-Grand.png|35px|Villars-le-Grand]] | [[Villars-le-Grand]] || align="center" |282|| align="right" |4.20 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Villarzel.png|35px|Villarzel]] | [[Villarzel, Switzerland|Villarzel]] || align="center" |416|| align="right" |7.66 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Vucherens ch.png|35px|Vucherens]] | [[Vucherens]] || align="center" |543|| align="right" |3.27 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Vulliens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Vulliens]] | [[Vulliens]] || align="center" |461|| align="right" |6.63 |- style="background-color:#EFEFEF;" | | '''Total''' (52) || align="center" | 41,811 || align="center" | 264.98 |} </div> {{Commonscat}} {{Switzerland-stub}} [[Category:2008 establishments in Switzerland]] [[Category:Broye-Vully (district)]] 0fn0e5carw1eh87lqnklre1gg8yugkm 10369159 10369144 2025-07-03T08:07:36Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Chevroux-coat of arm.svg]] → [[File:CHE Chevroux COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10369159 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Broye-Vully District | native_name = District de la Broye-Vully | settlement_type = District | image_map = Karte Bezirk Broye-Vully 2008.png | subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] | subdivision_name = {{CHE}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Cantons of Switzerland|Canton]] | subdivision_name2 = {{Flag|Vaud}} | subdivision_type3 = Capital | subdivision_name3 = [[Payerne]] | area_total_km2 = 264.98 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2015 | population_total = 41'811 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | blank_name_sec1 = Municipalities | blank_info_sec1 = 52 }} '''Broye-Vully District''' ({{lang-fr|District de la Broye-Vully}}) is a [[district]] in the [[Vaud|canton of Vaud]], [[Switzerland]]. The capital is the town of [[Payerne]]. ==Municipalities== <div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;"> {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Coat of arms ! align="left" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Name ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Population<br /><small>(31 Dec 2015)</small> ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Area<br />in km² |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Avenches COA.svg|35px|Avenches]] | [[Avenches]] || align="center" |4110|| align="right" |17.56 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Bellerive COA.svg|35px|Bellerive]] | [[Bellerive, Switzerland|Bellerive]] || align="center" |632|| align="right" |2.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Brenles (Vaud).svg|35px|Brenles]] | [[Brenles]] || align="center" |144|| align="right" |3.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Bussy-sur-Moudon COA.svg|35px|Bussy-sur-Moudon]] | [[Bussy-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |198|| align="right" |3.09 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE commune d'Carrouge flag.svg|35px|Carrouge]] | [[Carrouge, Vaud|Carrouge]] || align="center" |1111|| align="right" |5.42 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Cerniaz.jpg|35px|Cerniaz]] | [[Cerniaz]] || align="center" |55|| align="right" |1.80 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Chabrey.png|35px|Chabrey]] | [[Chabrey]] || align="center" |267|| align="right" |3.96 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Champtauroz COA.svg|35px|Champtauroz]] | [[Champtauroz]] || align="center" |133|| align="right" |3.05 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Chavannes-sur-Moudon COA.svg|35px|Chavannes-sur-Moudon]] | [[Chavannes-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |224|| align="right" |5.14 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Chesalles-sur-Moudon COA.svg|35px|Chesalles-sur-Moudon]] | [[Chesalles-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |169|| align="right" |1.67 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Chevroux COA.svg|35px|Chevroux]] | [[Chevroux, Switzerland|Chevroux]] || align="center" |435|| align="right" |4.37 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Combremg.jpg|35px|Combremont-le-Grand]] | [[Combremont-le-Grand]] || align="center" |311|| align="right" |6.60 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Combremont-le-Petit COA.svg|35px|Combremont-le-Petit]] | [[Combremont-le-Petit]] || align="center" |378|| align="right" |5.73 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Constantine.png|35px|Constantine]] | [[Constantine, Switzerland|Constantine]] || align="center" |327|| align="right" |2.81 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Corcelles-le-Jorat-coat of arms.svg|35px|Corcelles-le-Jorat]] | [[Corcelles-le-Jorat]] || align="center" |423|| align="right" |7.93 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Corcelles-près-Payerne (Vaud).svg|35px|Corcelles-près-Payerne]] | [[Corcelles-près-Payerne]] || align="center" |233|| align="right" |12.13 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Cremin-coat of arms.svg|35px|Cremin]] | [[Cremin]] || align="center" |58|| align="right" |1.65 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Cudrefin (Vaud).svg|35px|Cudrefin]] | [[Cudrefin]] || align="center" |1516|| align="right" |15.82 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Curtilles-coat of arms.svg|35px|Curtilles]] | [[Curtilles]] || align="center" |311|| align="right" |4.95 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Dompierre VD COA.svg|35px|Dompierre]] | [[Dompierre, Vaud|Dompierre]] || align="center" |247|| align="right" |3.21 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Faoug-coat of arms.svg|35px|Faoug]] | [[Faoug]] || align="center" |860|| align="right" |3.45 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Forel-sur-Lucens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Forel-sur-Lucens]] | [[Forel-sur-Lucens]] || align="center" |152|| align="right" |2.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Grandcour-coat of arms.svg|35px|Grandcour]] | [[Grandcour]] || align="center" |851|| align="right" |10.21 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Grangesm.jpg|35px|Granges-près-Marnand]] | [[Granges-près-Marnand]] || align="center" |1218|| align="right" |7.02 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Henniez (Vaud).svg|35px|Henniez]] | [[Henniez, Switzerland|Henniez]] || align="center" |339|| align="right" |2.61 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Hermenches.jpg|35px|Hermenches]] | [[Hermenches]] || align="center" |381|| align="right" |4.77 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Lovatens COA.svg|35px|Lovatens]] | [[Lovatens]] || align="center" |150|| align="right" |3.47 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Lucens COA.svg|35px|Lucens]] | [[Lucens]] || align="center" |3937|| align="right" |6.28 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Marnand.jpg|35px|Marnand]] | [[Marnand, Switzerland|Marnand]] || align="center" |161|| align="right" |2.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Missy CH.jpg|35px|Missy]] | [[Missy, Switzerland|Missy]] || align="center" |349|| align="right" |3.11 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Montmagny.png|35px|Montmagny]] | [[Montmagny, Switzerland|Montmagny]] || align="center" |178|| align="right" |3.80 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Moudon COA.svg|35px|Moudon]] | [[Moudon]] || align="center" |5925|| align="right" |15.69 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Mur.png|35px|Mur]] | [[Mur, Switzerland|Mur]] || align="center" |203|| align="right" |1.78 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Oleyres.jpg|35px|Oleyres]] | [[Oleyres]] || align="center" |240|| align="right" |1.92 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Oulens2.jpg|35px|Oulens-sur-Lucens]] | [[Oulens-sur-Lucens]] || align="center" |52|| align="right" |1.59 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Payerne VD COA.svg|35px|Payerne]] | '''[[Payerne]]''' || align="center" |9460|| align="right" |24.19 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Prévonloup.svg|35px|Prévonloup]] | [[Prévonloup]] || align="center" |172|| align="right" |1.84 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Ropraz.jpg|35px|Ropraz]] | [[Ropraz]] || align="center" |407|| align="right" |4.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Rossenges (Vaud).svg|35px|Rossenges]] | [[Rossenges]] || align="center" |65|| align="right" |1.07 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Sarzens.jpg|35px|Sarzens]] | [[Sarzens]] || align="center" |50|| align="right" |1.44 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Sassel-blason.png|35px|Sassel]] | [[Sassel]] || align="center" |149|| align="right" |3.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Seigneux.jpg|35px|Seigneux]] | [[Seigneux]] || align="center" |279|| align="right" |3.74 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Syens COA.svg|35px|Syens]] | [[Syens]] || align="center" |139|| align="right" |2.52 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Trey-coat of arms.svg|35px|Trey]] | [[Trey, Vaud|Trey]] || align="center" |256|| align="right" |3.81 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Treytorrens (Vaud).svg|35px|Treytorrens (Payerne)]] | [[Treytorrens (Payerne)]] || align="center" |123|| align="right" |3.07 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Vallamand.png|35px|Vallamand]] | [[Vallamand]] || align="center" |389|| align="right" |2.34 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Villarsbr.jpg|35px|Villars-Bramard]] | [[Villars-Bramard]] || align="center" |116|| align="right" |3.16 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GX-VD-Villars-le-Comte.png|35px|Villars-le-Comte]] | [[Villars-le-Comte]] || align="center" |150|| align="right" |4.19 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Villars-le-Grand.png|35px|Villars-le-Grand]] | [[Villars-le-Grand]] || align="center" |282|| align="right" |4.20 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Villarzel.png|35px|Villarzel]] | [[Villarzel, Switzerland|Villarzel]] || align="center" |416|| align="right" |7.66 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Vucherens ch.png|35px|Vucherens]] | [[Vucherens]] || align="center" |543|| align="right" |3.27 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Vulliens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Vulliens]] | [[Vulliens]] || align="center" |461|| align="right" |6.63 |- style="background-color:#EFEFEF;" | | '''Total''' (52) || align="center" | 41,811 || align="center" | 264.98 |} </div> {{Commonscat}} {{Switzerland-stub}} [[Category:2008 establishments in Switzerland]] [[Category:Broye-Vully (district)]] ifepxha16nrpu7bscvlli9v8zxljlsi 10369176 10369159 2025-07-03T08:14:02Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Corcelles-le-Jorat-coat of arms.svg]] → [[File:CHE Corcelles-le-Jorat COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10369176 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Broye-Vully District | native_name = District de la Broye-Vully | settlement_type = District | image_map = Karte Bezirk Broye-Vully 2008.png | subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] | subdivision_name = {{CHE}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Cantons of Switzerland|Canton]] | subdivision_name2 = {{Flag|Vaud}} | subdivision_type3 = Capital | subdivision_name3 = [[Payerne]] | area_total_km2 = 264.98 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2015 | population_total = 41'811 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | blank_name_sec1 = Municipalities | blank_info_sec1 = 52 }} '''Broye-Vully District''' ({{lang-fr|District de la Broye-Vully}}) is a [[district]] in the [[Vaud|canton of Vaud]], [[Switzerland]]. The capital is the town of [[Payerne]]. ==Municipalities== <div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;"> {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Coat of arms ! align="left" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Name ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Population<br /><small>(31 Dec 2015)</small> ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Area<br />in km² |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Avenches COA.svg|35px|Avenches]] | [[Avenches]] || align="center" |4110|| align="right" |17.56 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Bellerive COA.svg|35px|Bellerive]] | [[Bellerive, Switzerland|Bellerive]] || align="center" |632|| align="right" |2.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Brenles (Vaud).svg|35px|Brenles]] | [[Brenles]] || align="center" |144|| align="right" |3.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Bussy-sur-Moudon COA.svg|35px|Bussy-sur-Moudon]] | [[Bussy-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |198|| align="right" |3.09 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE commune d'Carrouge flag.svg|35px|Carrouge]] | [[Carrouge, Vaud|Carrouge]] || align="center" |1111|| align="right" |5.42 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Cerniaz.jpg|35px|Cerniaz]] | [[Cerniaz]] || align="center" |55|| align="right" |1.80 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Chabrey.png|35px|Chabrey]] | [[Chabrey]] || align="center" |267|| align="right" |3.96 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Champtauroz COA.svg|35px|Champtauroz]] | [[Champtauroz]] || align="center" |133|| align="right" |3.05 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Chavannes-sur-Moudon COA.svg|35px|Chavannes-sur-Moudon]] | [[Chavannes-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |224|| align="right" |5.14 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Chesalles-sur-Moudon COA.svg|35px|Chesalles-sur-Moudon]] | [[Chesalles-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |169|| align="right" |1.67 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Chevroux COA.svg|35px|Chevroux]] | [[Chevroux, Switzerland|Chevroux]] || align="center" |435|| align="right" |4.37 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Combremg.jpg|35px|Combremont-le-Grand]] | [[Combremont-le-Grand]] || align="center" |311|| align="right" |6.60 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Combremont-le-Petit COA.svg|35px|Combremont-le-Petit]] | [[Combremont-le-Petit]] || align="center" |378|| align="right" |5.73 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Constantine.png|35px|Constantine]] | [[Constantine, Switzerland|Constantine]] || align="center" |327|| align="right" |2.81 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Corcelles-le-Jorat COA.svg|35px|Corcelles-le-Jorat]] | [[Corcelles-le-Jorat]] || align="center" |423|| align="right" |7.93 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Corcelles-près-Payerne (Vaud).svg|35px|Corcelles-près-Payerne]] | [[Corcelles-près-Payerne]] || align="center" |233|| align="right" |12.13 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Cremin-coat of arms.svg|35px|Cremin]] | [[Cremin]] || align="center" |58|| align="right" |1.65 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Cudrefin (Vaud).svg|35px|Cudrefin]] | [[Cudrefin]] || align="center" |1516|| align="right" |15.82 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Curtilles-coat of arms.svg|35px|Curtilles]] | [[Curtilles]] || align="center" |311|| align="right" |4.95 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Dompierre VD COA.svg|35px|Dompierre]] | [[Dompierre, Vaud|Dompierre]] || align="center" |247|| align="right" |3.21 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Faoug-coat of arms.svg|35px|Faoug]] | [[Faoug]] || align="center" |860|| align="right" |3.45 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Forel-sur-Lucens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Forel-sur-Lucens]] | [[Forel-sur-Lucens]] || align="center" |152|| align="right" |2.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Grandcour-coat of arms.svg|35px|Grandcour]] | [[Grandcour]] || align="center" |851|| align="right" |10.21 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Grangesm.jpg|35px|Granges-près-Marnand]] | [[Granges-près-Marnand]] || align="center" |1218|| align="right" |7.02 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Henniez (Vaud).svg|35px|Henniez]] | [[Henniez, Switzerland|Henniez]] || align="center" |339|| align="right" |2.61 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Hermenches.jpg|35px|Hermenches]] | [[Hermenches]] || align="center" |381|| align="right" |4.77 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Lovatens COA.svg|35px|Lovatens]] | [[Lovatens]] || align="center" |150|| align="right" |3.47 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Lucens COA.svg|35px|Lucens]] | [[Lucens]] || align="center" |3937|| align="right" |6.28 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Marnand.jpg|35px|Marnand]] | [[Marnand, Switzerland|Marnand]] || align="center" |161|| align="right" |2.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Missy CH.jpg|35px|Missy]] | [[Missy, Switzerland|Missy]] || align="center" |349|| align="right" |3.11 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Montmagny.png|35px|Montmagny]] | [[Montmagny, Switzerland|Montmagny]] || align="center" |178|| align="right" |3.80 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Moudon COA.svg|35px|Moudon]] | [[Moudon]] || align="center" |5925|| align="right" |15.69 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Mur.png|35px|Mur]] | [[Mur, Switzerland|Mur]] || align="center" |203|| align="right" |1.78 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Oleyres.jpg|35px|Oleyres]] | [[Oleyres]] || align="center" |240|| align="right" |1.92 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Oulens2.jpg|35px|Oulens-sur-Lucens]] | [[Oulens-sur-Lucens]] || align="center" |52|| align="right" |1.59 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Payerne VD COA.svg|35px|Payerne]] | '''[[Payerne]]''' || align="center" |9460|| align="right" |24.19 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Prévonloup.svg|35px|Prévonloup]] | [[Prévonloup]] || align="center" |172|| align="right" |1.84 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Ropraz.jpg|35px|Ropraz]] | [[Ropraz]] || align="center" |407|| align="right" |4.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Rossenges (Vaud).svg|35px|Rossenges]] | [[Rossenges]] || align="center" |65|| align="right" |1.07 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Sarzens.jpg|35px|Sarzens]] | [[Sarzens]] || align="center" |50|| align="right" |1.44 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Sassel-blason.png|35px|Sassel]] | [[Sassel]] || align="center" |149|| align="right" |3.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Seigneux.jpg|35px|Seigneux]] | [[Seigneux]] || align="center" |279|| align="right" |3.74 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Syens COA.svg|35px|Syens]] | [[Syens]] || align="center" |139|| align="right" |2.52 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Trey-coat of arms.svg|35px|Trey]] | [[Trey, Vaud|Trey]] || align="center" |256|| align="right" |3.81 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Treytorrens (Vaud).svg|35px|Treytorrens (Payerne)]] | [[Treytorrens (Payerne)]] || align="center" |123|| align="right" |3.07 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Vallamand.png|35px|Vallamand]] | [[Vallamand]] || align="center" |389|| align="right" |2.34 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Villarsbr.jpg|35px|Villars-Bramard]] | [[Villars-Bramard]] || align="center" |116|| align="right" |3.16 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GX-VD-Villars-le-Comte.png|35px|Villars-le-Comte]] | [[Villars-le-Comte]] || align="center" |150|| align="right" |4.19 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Villars-le-Grand.png|35px|Villars-le-Grand]] | [[Villars-le-Grand]] || align="center" |282|| align="right" |4.20 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Villarzel.png|35px|Villarzel]] | [[Villarzel, Switzerland|Villarzel]] || align="center" |416|| align="right" |7.66 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Vucherens ch.png|35px|Vucherens]] | [[Vucherens]] || align="center" |543|| align="right" |3.27 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Vulliens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Vulliens]] | [[Vulliens]] || align="center" |461|| align="right" |6.63 |- style="background-color:#EFEFEF;" | | '''Total''' (52) || align="center" | 41,811 || align="center" | 264.98 |} </div> {{Commonscat}} {{Switzerland-stub}} [[Category:2008 establishments in Switzerland]] [[Category:Broye-Vully (district)]] 7je3iq6kidcfxzvcp5svhr76qtb6moa 10369223 10369176 2025-07-03T08:30:50Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Blason commune CH Corcelles-près-Payerne (Vaud).svg]] → [[File:CHE Corcelles-près-Payerne COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10369223 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Broye-Vully District | native_name = District de la Broye-Vully | settlement_type = District | image_map = Karte Bezirk Broye-Vully 2008.png | subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] | subdivision_name = {{CHE}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Cantons of Switzerland|Canton]] | subdivision_name2 = {{Flag|Vaud}} | subdivision_type3 = Capital | subdivision_name3 = [[Payerne]] | area_total_km2 = 264.98 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2015 | population_total = 41'811 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | blank_name_sec1 = Municipalities | blank_info_sec1 = 52 }} '''Broye-Vully District''' ({{lang-fr|District de la Broye-Vully}}) is a [[district]] in the [[Vaud|canton of Vaud]], [[Switzerland]]. The capital is the town of [[Payerne]]. ==Municipalities== <div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;"> {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Coat of arms ! align="left" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Name ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Population<br /><small>(31 Dec 2015)</small> ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Area<br />in km² |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Avenches COA.svg|35px|Avenches]] | [[Avenches]] || align="center" |4110|| align="right" |17.56 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Bellerive COA.svg|35px|Bellerive]] | [[Bellerive, Switzerland|Bellerive]] || align="center" |632|| align="right" |2.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Brenles (Vaud).svg|35px|Brenles]] | [[Brenles]] || align="center" |144|| align="right" |3.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Bussy-sur-Moudon COA.svg|35px|Bussy-sur-Moudon]] | [[Bussy-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |198|| align="right" |3.09 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE commune d'Carrouge flag.svg|35px|Carrouge]] | [[Carrouge, Vaud|Carrouge]] || align="center" |1111|| align="right" |5.42 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Cerniaz.jpg|35px|Cerniaz]] | [[Cerniaz]] || align="center" |55|| align="right" |1.80 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Chabrey.png|35px|Chabrey]] | [[Chabrey]] || align="center" |267|| align="right" |3.96 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Champtauroz COA.svg|35px|Champtauroz]] | [[Champtauroz]] || align="center" |133|| align="right" |3.05 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Chavannes-sur-Moudon COA.svg|35px|Chavannes-sur-Moudon]] | [[Chavannes-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |224|| align="right" |5.14 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Chesalles-sur-Moudon COA.svg|35px|Chesalles-sur-Moudon]] | [[Chesalles-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |169|| align="right" |1.67 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Chevroux COA.svg|35px|Chevroux]] | [[Chevroux, Switzerland|Chevroux]] || align="center" |435|| align="right" |4.37 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Combremg.jpg|35px|Combremont-le-Grand]] | [[Combremont-le-Grand]] || align="center" |311|| align="right" |6.60 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Combremont-le-Petit COA.svg|35px|Combremont-le-Petit]] | [[Combremont-le-Petit]] || align="center" |378|| align="right" |5.73 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Constantine.png|35px|Constantine]] | [[Constantine, Switzerland|Constantine]] || align="center" |327|| align="right" |2.81 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Corcelles-le-Jorat COA.svg|35px|Corcelles-le-Jorat]] | [[Corcelles-le-Jorat]] || align="center" |423|| align="right" |7.93 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Corcelles-près-Payerne COA.svg|35px|Corcelles-près-Payerne]] | [[Corcelles-près-Payerne]] || align="center" |233|| align="right" |12.13 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Cremin-coat of arms.svg|35px|Cremin]] | [[Cremin]] || align="center" |58|| align="right" |1.65 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Cudrefin (Vaud).svg|35px|Cudrefin]] | [[Cudrefin]] || align="center" |1516|| align="right" |15.82 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Curtilles-coat of arms.svg|35px|Curtilles]] | [[Curtilles]] || align="center" |311|| align="right" |4.95 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Dompierre VD COA.svg|35px|Dompierre]] | [[Dompierre, Vaud|Dompierre]] || align="center" |247|| align="right" |3.21 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Faoug-coat of arms.svg|35px|Faoug]] | [[Faoug]] || align="center" |860|| align="right" |3.45 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Forel-sur-Lucens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Forel-sur-Lucens]] | [[Forel-sur-Lucens]] || align="center" |152|| align="right" |2.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Grandcour-coat of arms.svg|35px|Grandcour]] | [[Grandcour]] || align="center" |851|| align="right" |10.21 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Grangesm.jpg|35px|Granges-près-Marnand]] | [[Granges-près-Marnand]] || align="center" |1218|| align="right" |7.02 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Henniez (Vaud).svg|35px|Henniez]] | [[Henniez, Switzerland|Henniez]] || align="center" |339|| align="right" |2.61 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Hermenches.jpg|35px|Hermenches]] | [[Hermenches]] || align="center" |381|| align="right" |4.77 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Lovatens COA.svg|35px|Lovatens]] | [[Lovatens]] || align="center" |150|| align="right" |3.47 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Lucens COA.svg|35px|Lucens]] | [[Lucens]] || align="center" |3937|| align="right" |6.28 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Marnand.jpg|35px|Marnand]] | [[Marnand, Switzerland|Marnand]] || align="center" |161|| align="right" |2.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Missy CH.jpg|35px|Missy]] | [[Missy, Switzerland|Missy]] || align="center" |349|| align="right" |3.11 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Montmagny.png|35px|Montmagny]] | [[Montmagny, Switzerland|Montmagny]] || align="center" |178|| align="right" |3.80 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Moudon COA.svg|35px|Moudon]] | [[Moudon]] || align="center" |5925|| align="right" |15.69 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Mur.png|35px|Mur]] | [[Mur, Switzerland|Mur]] || align="center" |203|| align="right" |1.78 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Oleyres.jpg|35px|Oleyres]] | [[Oleyres]] || align="center" |240|| align="right" |1.92 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Oulens2.jpg|35px|Oulens-sur-Lucens]] | [[Oulens-sur-Lucens]] || align="center" |52|| align="right" |1.59 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Payerne VD COA.svg|35px|Payerne]] | '''[[Payerne]]''' || align="center" |9460|| align="right" |24.19 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Prévonloup.svg|35px|Prévonloup]] | [[Prévonloup]] || align="center" |172|| align="right" |1.84 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Ropraz.jpg|35px|Ropraz]] | [[Ropraz]] || align="center" |407|| align="right" |4.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Rossenges (Vaud).svg|35px|Rossenges]] | [[Rossenges]] || align="center" |65|| align="right" |1.07 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Sarzens.jpg|35px|Sarzens]] | [[Sarzens]] || align="center" |50|| align="right" |1.44 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Sassel-blason.png|35px|Sassel]] | [[Sassel]] || align="center" |149|| align="right" |3.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Seigneux.jpg|35px|Seigneux]] | [[Seigneux]] || align="center" |279|| align="right" |3.74 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Syens COA.svg|35px|Syens]] | [[Syens]] || align="center" |139|| align="right" |2.52 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Trey-coat of arms.svg|35px|Trey]] | [[Trey, Vaud|Trey]] || align="center" |256|| align="right" |3.81 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Treytorrens (Vaud).svg|35px|Treytorrens (Payerne)]] | [[Treytorrens (Payerne)]] || align="center" |123|| align="right" |3.07 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Vallamand.png|35px|Vallamand]] | [[Vallamand]] || align="center" |389|| align="right" |2.34 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Villarsbr.jpg|35px|Villars-Bramard]] | [[Villars-Bramard]] || align="center" |116|| align="right" |3.16 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GX-VD-Villars-le-Comte.png|35px|Villars-le-Comte]] | [[Villars-le-Comte]] || align="center" |150|| align="right" |4.19 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Villars-le-Grand.png|35px|Villars-le-Grand]] | [[Villars-le-Grand]] || align="center" |282|| align="right" |4.20 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Villarzel.png|35px|Villarzel]] | [[Villarzel, Switzerland|Villarzel]] || align="center" |416|| align="right" |7.66 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Vucherens ch.png|35px|Vucherens]] | [[Vucherens]] || align="center" |543|| align="right" |3.27 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Vulliens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Vulliens]] | [[Vulliens]] || align="center" |461|| align="right" |6.63 |- style="background-color:#EFEFEF;" | | '''Total''' (52) || align="center" | 41,811 || align="center" | 264.98 |} </div> {{Commonscat}} {{Switzerland-stub}} [[Category:2008 establishments in Switzerland]] [[Category:Broye-Vully (district)]] 8hq6ybx076itj75ogykrf981vaxuzgl 10369232 10369223 2025-07-03T08:41:32Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Blason commune CH Cudrefin (Vaud).svg]] → [[File:CHE Cudrefin COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10369232 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Broye-Vully District | native_name = District de la Broye-Vully | settlement_type = District | image_map = Karte Bezirk Broye-Vully 2008.png | subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] | subdivision_name = {{CHE}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Cantons of Switzerland|Canton]] | subdivision_name2 = {{Flag|Vaud}} | subdivision_type3 = Capital | subdivision_name3 = [[Payerne]] | area_total_km2 = 264.98 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2015 | population_total = 41'811 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | blank_name_sec1 = Municipalities | blank_info_sec1 = 52 }} '''Broye-Vully District''' ({{lang-fr|District de la Broye-Vully}}) is a [[district]] in the [[Vaud|canton of Vaud]], [[Switzerland]]. The capital is the town of [[Payerne]]. ==Municipalities== <div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;"> {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Coat of arms ! align="left" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Name ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Population<br /><small>(31 Dec 2015)</small> ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Area<br />in km² |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Avenches COA.svg|35px|Avenches]] | [[Avenches]] || align="center" |4110|| align="right" |17.56 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Bellerive COA.svg|35px|Bellerive]] | [[Bellerive, Switzerland|Bellerive]] || align="center" |632|| align="right" |2.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Brenles (Vaud).svg|35px|Brenles]] | [[Brenles]] || align="center" |144|| align="right" |3.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Bussy-sur-Moudon COA.svg|35px|Bussy-sur-Moudon]] | [[Bussy-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |198|| align="right" |3.09 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE commune d'Carrouge flag.svg|35px|Carrouge]] | [[Carrouge, Vaud|Carrouge]] || align="center" |1111|| align="right" |5.42 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Cerniaz.jpg|35px|Cerniaz]] | [[Cerniaz]] || align="center" |55|| align="right" |1.80 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Chabrey.png|35px|Chabrey]] | [[Chabrey]] || align="center" |267|| align="right" |3.96 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Champtauroz COA.svg|35px|Champtauroz]] | [[Champtauroz]] || align="center" |133|| align="right" |3.05 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Chavannes-sur-Moudon COA.svg|35px|Chavannes-sur-Moudon]] | [[Chavannes-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |224|| align="right" |5.14 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Chesalles-sur-Moudon COA.svg|35px|Chesalles-sur-Moudon]] | [[Chesalles-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |169|| align="right" |1.67 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Chevroux COA.svg|35px|Chevroux]] | [[Chevroux, Switzerland|Chevroux]] || align="center" |435|| align="right" |4.37 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Combremg.jpg|35px|Combremont-le-Grand]] | [[Combremont-le-Grand]] || align="center" |311|| align="right" |6.60 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Combremont-le-Petit COA.svg|35px|Combremont-le-Petit]] | [[Combremont-le-Petit]] || align="center" |378|| align="right" |5.73 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Constantine.png|35px|Constantine]] | [[Constantine, Switzerland|Constantine]] || align="center" |327|| align="right" |2.81 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Corcelles-le-Jorat COA.svg|35px|Corcelles-le-Jorat]] | [[Corcelles-le-Jorat]] || align="center" |423|| align="right" |7.93 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Corcelles-près-Payerne COA.svg|35px|Corcelles-près-Payerne]] | [[Corcelles-près-Payerne]] || align="center" |233|| align="right" |12.13 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Cremin-coat of arms.svg|35px|Cremin]] | [[Cremin]] || align="center" |58|| align="right" |1.65 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Cudrefin COA.svg|35px|Cudrefin]] | [[Cudrefin]] || align="center" |1516|| align="right" |15.82 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Curtilles-coat of arms.svg|35px|Curtilles]] | [[Curtilles]] || align="center" |311|| align="right" |4.95 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Dompierre VD COA.svg|35px|Dompierre]] | [[Dompierre, Vaud|Dompierre]] || align="center" |247|| align="right" |3.21 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Faoug-coat of arms.svg|35px|Faoug]] | [[Faoug]] || align="center" |860|| align="right" |3.45 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Forel-sur-Lucens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Forel-sur-Lucens]] | [[Forel-sur-Lucens]] || align="center" |152|| align="right" |2.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Grandcour-coat of arms.svg|35px|Grandcour]] | [[Grandcour]] || align="center" |851|| align="right" |10.21 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Grangesm.jpg|35px|Granges-près-Marnand]] | [[Granges-près-Marnand]] || align="center" |1218|| align="right" |7.02 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Henniez (Vaud).svg|35px|Henniez]] | [[Henniez, Switzerland|Henniez]] || align="center" |339|| align="right" |2.61 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Hermenches.jpg|35px|Hermenches]] | [[Hermenches]] || align="center" |381|| align="right" |4.77 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Lovatens COA.svg|35px|Lovatens]] | [[Lovatens]] || align="center" |150|| align="right" |3.47 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Lucens COA.svg|35px|Lucens]] | [[Lucens]] || align="center" |3937|| align="right" |6.28 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Marnand.jpg|35px|Marnand]] | [[Marnand, Switzerland|Marnand]] || align="center" |161|| align="right" |2.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Missy CH.jpg|35px|Missy]] | [[Missy, Switzerland|Missy]] || align="center" |349|| align="right" |3.11 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Montmagny.png|35px|Montmagny]] | [[Montmagny, Switzerland|Montmagny]] || align="center" |178|| align="right" |3.80 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Moudon COA.svg|35px|Moudon]] | [[Moudon]] || align="center" |5925|| align="right" |15.69 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Mur.png|35px|Mur]] | [[Mur, Switzerland|Mur]] || align="center" |203|| align="right" |1.78 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Oleyres.jpg|35px|Oleyres]] | [[Oleyres]] || align="center" |240|| align="right" |1.92 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Oulens2.jpg|35px|Oulens-sur-Lucens]] | [[Oulens-sur-Lucens]] || align="center" |52|| align="right" |1.59 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Payerne VD COA.svg|35px|Payerne]] | '''[[Payerne]]''' || align="center" |9460|| align="right" |24.19 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Prévonloup.svg|35px|Prévonloup]] | [[Prévonloup]] || align="center" |172|| align="right" |1.84 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Ropraz.jpg|35px|Ropraz]] | [[Ropraz]] || align="center" |407|| align="right" |4.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Rossenges (Vaud).svg|35px|Rossenges]] | [[Rossenges]] || align="center" |65|| align="right" |1.07 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Sarzens.jpg|35px|Sarzens]] | [[Sarzens]] || align="center" |50|| align="right" |1.44 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Sassel-blason.png|35px|Sassel]] | [[Sassel]] || align="center" |149|| align="right" |3.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Seigneux.jpg|35px|Seigneux]] | [[Seigneux]] || align="center" |279|| align="right" |3.74 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Syens COA.svg|35px|Syens]] | [[Syens]] || align="center" |139|| align="right" |2.52 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Trey-coat of arms.svg|35px|Trey]] | [[Trey, Vaud|Trey]] || align="center" |256|| align="right" |3.81 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Treytorrens (Vaud).svg|35px|Treytorrens (Payerne)]] | [[Treytorrens (Payerne)]] || align="center" |123|| align="right" |3.07 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Vallamand.png|35px|Vallamand]] | [[Vallamand]] || align="center" |389|| align="right" |2.34 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Villarsbr.jpg|35px|Villars-Bramard]] | [[Villars-Bramard]] || align="center" |116|| align="right" |3.16 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GX-VD-Villars-le-Comte.png|35px|Villars-le-Comte]] | [[Villars-le-Comte]] || align="center" |150|| align="right" |4.19 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Villars-le-Grand.png|35px|Villars-le-Grand]] | [[Villars-le-Grand]] || align="center" |282|| align="right" |4.20 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Villarzel.png|35px|Villarzel]] | [[Villarzel, Switzerland|Villarzel]] || align="center" |416|| align="right" |7.66 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Vucherens ch.png|35px|Vucherens]] | [[Vucherens]] || align="center" |543|| align="right" |3.27 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Vulliens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Vulliens]] | [[Vulliens]] || align="center" |461|| align="right" |6.63 |- style="background-color:#EFEFEF;" | | '''Total''' (52) || align="center" | 41,811 || align="center" | 264.98 |} </div> {{Commonscat}} {{Switzerland-stub}} [[Category:2008 establishments in Switzerland]] [[Category:Broye-Vully (district)]] n95jrsxj8g0bla8sn2mngnia490jv9g 10369241 10369232 2025-07-03T08:49:30Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Curtilles-coat of arms.svg]] → [[File:CHE Curtilles COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10369241 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Broye-Vully District | native_name = District de la Broye-Vully | settlement_type = District | image_map = Karte Bezirk Broye-Vully 2008.png | subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] | subdivision_name = {{CHE}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Cantons of Switzerland|Canton]] | subdivision_name2 = {{Flag|Vaud}} | subdivision_type3 = Capital | subdivision_name3 = [[Payerne]] | area_total_km2 = 264.98 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2015 | population_total = 41'811 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | blank_name_sec1 = Municipalities | blank_info_sec1 = 52 }} '''Broye-Vully District''' ({{lang-fr|District de la Broye-Vully}}) is a [[district]] in the [[Vaud|canton of Vaud]], [[Switzerland]]. The capital is the town of [[Payerne]]. ==Municipalities== <div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;"> {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Coat of arms ! align="left" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Name ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Population<br /><small>(31 Dec 2015)</small> ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Area<br />in km² |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Avenches COA.svg|35px|Avenches]] | [[Avenches]] || align="center" |4110|| align="right" |17.56 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Bellerive COA.svg|35px|Bellerive]] | [[Bellerive, Switzerland|Bellerive]] || align="center" |632|| align="right" |2.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Brenles (Vaud).svg|35px|Brenles]] | [[Brenles]] || align="center" |144|| align="right" |3.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Bussy-sur-Moudon COA.svg|35px|Bussy-sur-Moudon]] | [[Bussy-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |198|| align="right" |3.09 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE commune d'Carrouge flag.svg|35px|Carrouge]] | [[Carrouge, Vaud|Carrouge]] || align="center" |1111|| align="right" |5.42 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Cerniaz.jpg|35px|Cerniaz]] | [[Cerniaz]] || align="center" |55|| align="right" |1.80 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Chabrey.png|35px|Chabrey]] | [[Chabrey]] || align="center" |267|| align="right" |3.96 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Champtauroz COA.svg|35px|Champtauroz]] | [[Champtauroz]] || align="center" |133|| align="right" |3.05 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Chavannes-sur-Moudon COA.svg|35px|Chavannes-sur-Moudon]] | [[Chavannes-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |224|| align="right" |5.14 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Chesalles-sur-Moudon COA.svg|35px|Chesalles-sur-Moudon]] | [[Chesalles-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |169|| align="right" |1.67 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Chevroux COA.svg|35px|Chevroux]] | [[Chevroux, Switzerland|Chevroux]] || align="center" |435|| align="right" |4.37 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Combremg.jpg|35px|Combremont-le-Grand]] | [[Combremont-le-Grand]] || align="center" |311|| align="right" |6.60 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Combremont-le-Petit COA.svg|35px|Combremont-le-Petit]] | [[Combremont-le-Petit]] || align="center" |378|| align="right" |5.73 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Constantine.png|35px|Constantine]] | [[Constantine, Switzerland|Constantine]] || align="center" |327|| align="right" |2.81 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Corcelles-le-Jorat COA.svg|35px|Corcelles-le-Jorat]] | [[Corcelles-le-Jorat]] || align="center" |423|| align="right" |7.93 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Corcelles-près-Payerne COA.svg|35px|Corcelles-près-Payerne]] | [[Corcelles-près-Payerne]] || align="center" |233|| align="right" |12.13 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Cremin-coat of arms.svg|35px|Cremin]] | [[Cremin]] || align="center" |58|| align="right" |1.65 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Cudrefin COA.svg|35px|Cudrefin]] | [[Cudrefin]] || align="center" |1516|| align="right" |15.82 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Curtilles COA.svg|35px|Curtilles]] | [[Curtilles]] || align="center" |311|| align="right" |4.95 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Dompierre VD COA.svg|35px|Dompierre]] | [[Dompierre, Vaud|Dompierre]] || align="center" |247|| align="right" |3.21 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Faoug-coat of arms.svg|35px|Faoug]] | [[Faoug]] || align="center" |860|| align="right" |3.45 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Forel-sur-Lucens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Forel-sur-Lucens]] | [[Forel-sur-Lucens]] || align="center" |152|| align="right" |2.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Grandcour-coat of arms.svg|35px|Grandcour]] | [[Grandcour]] || align="center" |851|| align="right" |10.21 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Grangesm.jpg|35px|Granges-près-Marnand]] | [[Granges-près-Marnand]] || align="center" |1218|| align="right" |7.02 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Henniez (Vaud).svg|35px|Henniez]] | [[Henniez, Switzerland|Henniez]] || align="center" |339|| align="right" |2.61 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Hermenches.jpg|35px|Hermenches]] | [[Hermenches]] || align="center" |381|| align="right" |4.77 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Lovatens COA.svg|35px|Lovatens]] | [[Lovatens]] || align="center" |150|| align="right" |3.47 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Lucens COA.svg|35px|Lucens]] | [[Lucens]] || align="center" |3937|| align="right" |6.28 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Marnand.jpg|35px|Marnand]] | [[Marnand, Switzerland|Marnand]] || align="center" |161|| align="right" |2.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Missy CH.jpg|35px|Missy]] | [[Missy, Switzerland|Missy]] || align="center" |349|| align="right" |3.11 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Montmagny.png|35px|Montmagny]] | [[Montmagny, Switzerland|Montmagny]] || align="center" |178|| align="right" |3.80 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Moudon COA.svg|35px|Moudon]] | [[Moudon]] || align="center" |5925|| align="right" |15.69 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Mur.png|35px|Mur]] | [[Mur, Switzerland|Mur]] || align="center" |203|| align="right" |1.78 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Oleyres.jpg|35px|Oleyres]] | [[Oleyres]] || align="center" |240|| align="right" |1.92 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Oulens2.jpg|35px|Oulens-sur-Lucens]] | [[Oulens-sur-Lucens]] || align="center" |52|| align="right" |1.59 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Payerne VD COA.svg|35px|Payerne]] | '''[[Payerne]]''' || align="center" |9460|| align="right" |24.19 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Prévonloup.svg|35px|Prévonloup]] | [[Prévonloup]] || align="center" |172|| align="right" |1.84 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Ropraz.jpg|35px|Ropraz]] | [[Ropraz]] || align="center" |407|| align="right" |4.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Rossenges (Vaud).svg|35px|Rossenges]] | [[Rossenges]] || align="center" |65|| align="right" |1.07 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Sarzens.jpg|35px|Sarzens]] | [[Sarzens]] || align="center" |50|| align="right" |1.44 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Sassel-blason.png|35px|Sassel]] | [[Sassel]] || align="center" |149|| align="right" |3.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Seigneux.jpg|35px|Seigneux]] | [[Seigneux]] || align="center" |279|| align="right" |3.74 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Syens COA.svg|35px|Syens]] | [[Syens]] || align="center" |139|| align="right" |2.52 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Trey-coat of arms.svg|35px|Trey]] | [[Trey, Vaud|Trey]] || align="center" |256|| align="right" |3.81 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Treytorrens (Vaud).svg|35px|Treytorrens (Payerne)]] | [[Treytorrens (Payerne)]] || align="center" |123|| align="right" |3.07 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Vallamand.png|35px|Vallamand]] | [[Vallamand]] || align="center" |389|| align="right" |2.34 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Villarsbr.jpg|35px|Villars-Bramard]] | [[Villars-Bramard]] || align="center" |116|| align="right" |3.16 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GX-VD-Villars-le-Comte.png|35px|Villars-le-Comte]] | [[Villars-le-Comte]] || align="center" |150|| align="right" |4.19 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Villars-le-Grand.png|35px|Villars-le-Grand]] | [[Villars-le-Grand]] || align="center" |282|| align="right" |4.20 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Villarzel.png|35px|Villarzel]] | [[Villarzel, Switzerland|Villarzel]] || align="center" |416|| align="right" |7.66 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Vucherens ch.png|35px|Vucherens]] | [[Vucherens]] || align="center" |543|| align="right" |3.27 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Vulliens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Vulliens]] | [[Vulliens]] || align="center" |461|| align="right" |6.63 |- style="background-color:#EFEFEF;" | | '''Total''' (52) || align="center" | 41,811 || align="center" | 264.98 |} </div> {{Commonscat}} {{Switzerland-stub}} [[Category:2008 establishments in Switzerland]] [[Category:Broye-Vully (district)]] jxglbhr5m4z2w9nihz2nm9a7kl45e3p 10369247 10369241 2025-07-03T08:56:23Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Faoug-coat of arms.svg]] → [[File:CHE Faoug COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10369247 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Broye-Vully District | native_name = District de la Broye-Vully | settlement_type = District | image_map = Karte Bezirk Broye-Vully 2008.png | subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] | subdivision_name = {{CHE}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Cantons of Switzerland|Canton]] | subdivision_name2 = {{Flag|Vaud}} | subdivision_type3 = Capital | subdivision_name3 = [[Payerne]] | area_total_km2 = 264.98 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2015 | population_total = 41'811 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | blank_name_sec1 = Municipalities | blank_info_sec1 = 52 }} '''Broye-Vully District''' ({{lang-fr|District de la Broye-Vully}}) is a [[district]] in the [[Vaud|canton of Vaud]], [[Switzerland]]. The capital is the town of [[Payerne]]. ==Municipalities== <div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;"> {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Coat of arms ! align="left" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Name ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Population<br /><small>(31 Dec 2015)</small> ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Area<br />in km² |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Avenches COA.svg|35px|Avenches]] | [[Avenches]] || align="center" |4110|| align="right" |17.56 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Bellerive COA.svg|35px|Bellerive]] | [[Bellerive, Switzerland|Bellerive]] || align="center" |632|| align="right" |2.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Brenles (Vaud).svg|35px|Brenles]] | [[Brenles]] || align="center" |144|| align="right" |3.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Bussy-sur-Moudon COA.svg|35px|Bussy-sur-Moudon]] | [[Bussy-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |198|| align="right" |3.09 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE commune d'Carrouge flag.svg|35px|Carrouge]] | [[Carrouge, Vaud|Carrouge]] || align="center" |1111|| align="right" |5.42 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Cerniaz.jpg|35px|Cerniaz]] | [[Cerniaz]] || align="center" |55|| align="right" |1.80 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Chabrey.png|35px|Chabrey]] | [[Chabrey]] || align="center" |267|| align="right" |3.96 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Champtauroz COA.svg|35px|Champtauroz]] | [[Champtauroz]] || align="center" |133|| align="right" |3.05 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Chavannes-sur-Moudon COA.svg|35px|Chavannes-sur-Moudon]] | [[Chavannes-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |224|| align="right" |5.14 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Chesalles-sur-Moudon COA.svg|35px|Chesalles-sur-Moudon]] | [[Chesalles-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |169|| align="right" |1.67 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Chevroux COA.svg|35px|Chevroux]] | [[Chevroux, Switzerland|Chevroux]] || align="center" |435|| align="right" |4.37 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Combremg.jpg|35px|Combremont-le-Grand]] | [[Combremont-le-Grand]] || align="center" |311|| align="right" |6.60 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Combremont-le-Petit COA.svg|35px|Combremont-le-Petit]] | [[Combremont-le-Petit]] || align="center" |378|| align="right" |5.73 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Constantine.png|35px|Constantine]] | [[Constantine, Switzerland|Constantine]] || align="center" |327|| align="right" |2.81 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Corcelles-le-Jorat COA.svg|35px|Corcelles-le-Jorat]] | [[Corcelles-le-Jorat]] || align="center" |423|| align="right" |7.93 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Corcelles-près-Payerne COA.svg|35px|Corcelles-près-Payerne]] | [[Corcelles-près-Payerne]] || align="center" |233|| align="right" |12.13 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Cremin-coat of arms.svg|35px|Cremin]] | [[Cremin]] || align="center" |58|| align="right" |1.65 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Cudrefin COA.svg|35px|Cudrefin]] | [[Cudrefin]] || align="center" |1516|| align="right" |15.82 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Curtilles COA.svg|35px|Curtilles]] | [[Curtilles]] || align="center" |311|| align="right" |4.95 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Dompierre VD COA.svg|35px|Dompierre]] | [[Dompierre, Vaud|Dompierre]] || align="center" |247|| align="right" |3.21 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Faoug COA.svg|35px|Faoug]] | [[Faoug]] || align="center" |860|| align="right" |3.45 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Forel-sur-Lucens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Forel-sur-Lucens]] | [[Forel-sur-Lucens]] || align="center" |152|| align="right" |2.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Grandcour-coat of arms.svg|35px|Grandcour]] | [[Grandcour]] || align="center" |851|| align="right" |10.21 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Grangesm.jpg|35px|Granges-près-Marnand]] | [[Granges-près-Marnand]] || align="center" |1218|| align="right" |7.02 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Henniez (Vaud).svg|35px|Henniez]] | [[Henniez, Switzerland|Henniez]] || align="center" |339|| align="right" |2.61 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Hermenches.jpg|35px|Hermenches]] | [[Hermenches]] || align="center" |381|| align="right" |4.77 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Lovatens COA.svg|35px|Lovatens]] | [[Lovatens]] || align="center" |150|| align="right" |3.47 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Lucens COA.svg|35px|Lucens]] | [[Lucens]] || align="center" |3937|| align="right" |6.28 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Marnand.jpg|35px|Marnand]] | [[Marnand, Switzerland|Marnand]] || align="center" |161|| align="right" |2.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Missy CH.jpg|35px|Missy]] | [[Missy, Switzerland|Missy]] || align="center" |349|| align="right" |3.11 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Montmagny.png|35px|Montmagny]] | [[Montmagny, Switzerland|Montmagny]] || align="center" |178|| align="right" |3.80 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Moudon COA.svg|35px|Moudon]] | [[Moudon]] || align="center" |5925|| align="right" |15.69 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Mur.png|35px|Mur]] | [[Mur, Switzerland|Mur]] || align="center" |203|| align="right" |1.78 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Oleyres.jpg|35px|Oleyres]] | [[Oleyres]] || align="center" |240|| align="right" |1.92 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Oulens2.jpg|35px|Oulens-sur-Lucens]] | [[Oulens-sur-Lucens]] || align="center" |52|| align="right" |1.59 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Payerne VD COA.svg|35px|Payerne]] | '''[[Payerne]]''' || align="center" |9460|| align="right" |24.19 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Prévonloup.svg|35px|Prévonloup]] | [[Prévonloup]] || align="center" |172|| align="right" |1.84 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Ropraz.jpg|35px|Ropraz]] | [[Ropraz]] || align="center" |407|| align="right" |4.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Rossenges (Vaud).svg|35px|Rossenges]] | [[Rossenges]] || align="center" |65|| align="right" |1.07 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Sarzens.jpg|35px|Sarzens]] | [[Sarzens]] || align="center" |50|| align="right" |1.44 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Sassel-blason.png|35px|Sassel]] | [[Sassel]] || align="center" |149|| align="right" |3.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Seigneux.jpg|35px|Seigneux]] | [[Seigneux]] || align="center" |279|| align="right" |3.74 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Syens COA.svg|35px|Syens]] | [[Syens]] || align="center" |139|| align="right" |2.52 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Trey-coat of arms.svg|35px|Trey]] | [[Trey, Vaud|Trey]] || align="center" |256|| align="right" |3.81 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Treytorrens (Vaud).svg|35px|Treytorrens (Payerne)]] | [[Treytorrens (Payerne)]] || align="center" |123|| align="right" |3.07 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Vallamand.png|35px|Vallamand]] | [[Vallamand]] || align="center" |389|| align="right" |2.34 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Villarsbr.jpg|35px|Villars-Bramard]] | [[Villars-Bramard]] || align="center" |116|| align="right" |3.16 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GX-VD-Villars-le-Comte.png|35px|Villars-le-Comte]] | [[Villars-le-Comte]] || align="center" |150|| align="right" |4.19 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Villars-le-Grand.png|35px|Villars-le-Grand]] | [[Villars-le-Grand]] || align="center" |282|| align="right" |4.20 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Villarzel.png|35px|Villarzel]] | [[Villarzel, Switzerland|Villarzel]] || align="center" |416|| align="right" |7.66 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Vucherens ch.png|35px|Vucherens]] | [[Vucherens]] || align="center" |543|| align="right" |3.27 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Vulliens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Vulliens]] | [[Vulliens]] || align="center" |461|| align="right" |6.63 |- style="background-color:#EFEFEF;" | | '''Total''' (52) || align="center" | 41,811 || align="center" | 264.98 |} </div> {{Commonscat}} {{Switzerland-stub}} [[Category:2008 establishments in Switzerland]] [[Category:Broye-Vully (district)]] 5klf8nduejkwdjnmnbezqexu6kvy0sc 10369251 10369247 2025-07-03T09:04:55Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Grandcour-coat of arms.svg]] → [[File:CHE Grandcour COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10369251 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Broye-Vully District | native_name = District de la Broye-Vully | settlement_type = District | image_map = Karte Bezirk Broye-Vully 2008.png | subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] | subdivision_name = {{CHE}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Cantons of Switzerland|Canton]] | subdivision_name2 = {{Flag|Vaud}} | subdivision_type3 = Capital | subdivision_name3 = [[Payerne]] | area_total_km2 = 264.98 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2015 | population_total = 41'811 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | blank_name_sec1 = Municipalities | blank_info_sec1 = 52 }} '''Broye-Vully District''' ({{lang-fr|District de la Broye-Vully}}) is a [[district]] in the [[Vaud|canton of Vaud]], [[Switzerland]]. The capital is the town of [[Payerne]]. ==Municipalities== <div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;"> {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Coat of arms ! align="left" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Name ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Population<br /><small>(31 Dec 2015)</small> ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Area<br />in km² |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Avenches COA.svg|35px|Avenches]] | [[Avenches]] || align="center" |4110|| align="right" |17.56 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Bellerive COA.svg|35px|Bellerive]] | [[Bellerive, Switzerland|Bellerive]] || align="center" |632|| align="right" |2.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Brenles (Vaud).svg|35px|Brenles]] | [[Brenles]] || align="center" |144|| align="right" |3.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Bussy-sur-Moudon COA.svg|35px|Bussy-sur-Moudon]] | [[Bussy-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |198|| align="right" |3.09 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE commune d'Carrouge flag.svg|35px|Carrouge]] | [[Carrouge, Vaud|Carrouge]] || align="center" |1111|| align="right" |5.42 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Cerniaz.jpg|35px|Cerniaz]] | [[Cerniaz]] || align="center" |55|| align="right" |1.80 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Chabrey.png|35px|Chabrey]] | [[Chabrey]] || align="center" |267|| align="right" |3.96 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Champtauroz COA.svg|35px|Champtauroz]] | [[Champtauroz]] || align="center" |133|| align="right" |3.05 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Chavannes-sur-Moudon COA.svg|35px|Chavannes-sur-Moudon]] | [[Chavannes-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |224|| align="right" |5.14 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Chesalles-sur-Moudon COA.svg|35px|Chesalles-sur-Moudon]] | [[Chesalles-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |169|| align="right" |1.67 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Chevroux COA.svg|35px|Chevroux]] | [[Chevroux, Switzerland|Chevroux]] || align="center" |435|| align="right" |4.37 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Combremg.jpg|35px|Combremont-le-Grand]] | [[Combremont-le-Grand]] || align="center" |311|| align="right" |6.60 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Combremont-le-Petit COA.svg|35px|Combremont-le-Petit]] | [[Combremont-le-Petit]] || align="center" |378|| align="right" |5.73 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Constantine.png|35px|Constantine]] | [[Constantine, Switzerland|Constantine]] || align="center" |327|| align="right" |2.81 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Corcelles-le-Jorat COA.svg|35px|Corcelles-le-Jorat]] | [[Corcelles-le-Jorat]] || align="center" |423|| align="right" |7.93 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Corcelles-près-Payerne COA.svg|35px|Corcelles-près-Payerne]] | [[Corcelles-près-Payerne]] || align="center" |233|| align="right" |12.13 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Cremin-coat of arms.svg|35px|Cremin]] | [[Cremin]] || align="center" |58|| align="right" |1.65 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Cudrefin COA.svg|35px|Cudrefin]] | [[Cudrefin]] || align="center" |1516|| align="right" |15.82 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Curtilles COA.svg|35px|Curtilles]] | [[Curtilles]] || align="center" |311|| align="right" |4.95 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Dompierre VD COA.svg|35px|Dompierre]] | [[Dompierre, Vaud|Dompierre]] || align="center" |247|| align="right" |3.21 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Faoug COA.svg|35px|Faoug]] | [[Faoug]] || align="center" |860|| align="right" |3.45 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Forel-sur-Lucens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Forel-sur-Lucens]] | [[Forel-sur-Lucens]] || align="center" |152|| align="right" |2.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Grandcour COA.svg|35px|Grandcour]] | [[Grandcour]] || align="center" |851|| align="right" |10.21 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Grangesm.jpg|35px|Granges-près-Marnand]] | [[Granges-près-Marnand]] || align="center" |1218|| align="right" |7.02 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Henniez (Vaud).svg|35px|Henniez]] | [[Henniez, Switzerland|Henniez]] || align="center" |339|| align="right" |2.61 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Hermenches.jpg|35px|Hermenches]] | [[Hermenches]] || align="center" |381|| align="right" |4.77 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Lovatens COA.svg|35px|Lovatens]] | [[Lovatens]] || align="center" |150|| align="right" |3.47 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Lucens COA.svg|35px|Lucens]] | [[Lucens]] || align="center" |3937|| align="right" |6.28 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Marnand.jpg|35px|Marnand]] | [[Marnand, Switzerland|Marnand]] || align="center" |161|| align="right" |2.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Missy CH.jpg|35px|Missy]] | [[Missy, Switzerland|Missy]] || align="center" |349|| align="right" |3.11 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Montmagny.png|35px|Montmagny]] | [[Montmagny, Switzerland|Montmagny]] || align="center" |178|| align="right" |3.80 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Moudon COA.svg|35px|Moudon]] | [[Moudon]] || align="center" |5925|| align="right" |15.69 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Mur.png|35px|Mur]] | [[Mur, Switzerland|Mur]] || align="center" |203|| align="right" |1.78 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Oleyres.jpg|35px|Oleyres]] | [[Oleyres]] || align="center" |240|| align="right" |1.92 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Oulens2.jpg|35px|Oulens-sur-Lucens]] | [[Oulens-sur-Lucens]] || align="center" |52|| align="right" |1.59 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Payerne VD COA.svg|35px|Payerne]] | '''[[Payerne]]''' || align="center" |9460|| align="right" |24.19 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Prévonloup.svg|35px|Prévonloup]] | [[Prévonloup]] || align="center" |172|| align="right" |1.84 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Ropraz.jpg|35px|Ropraz]] | [[Ropraz]] || align="center" |407|| align="right" |4.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Rossenges (Vaud).svg|35px|Rossenges]] | [[Rossenges]] || align="center" |65|| align="right" |1.07 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Sarzens.jpg|35px|Sarzens]] | [[Sarzens]] || align="center" |50|| align="right" |1.44 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Sassel-blason.png|35px|Sassel]] | [[Sassel]] || align="center" |149|| align="right" |3.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Seigneux.jpg|35px|Seigneux]] | [[Seigneux]] || align="center" |279|| align="right" |3.74 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Syens COA.svg|35px|Syens]] | [[Syens]] || align="center" |139|| align="right" |2.52 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Trey-coat of arms.svg|35px|Trey]] | [[Trey, Vaud|Trey]] || align="center" |256|| align="right" |3.81 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Treytorrens (Vaud).svg|35px|Treytorrens (Payerne)]] | [[Treytorrens (Payerne)]] || align="center" |123|| align="right" |3.07 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Vallamand.png|35px|Vallamand]] | [[Vallamand]] || align="center" |389|| align="right" |2.34 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Villarsbr.jpg|35px|Villars-Bramard]] | [[Villars-Bramard]] || align="center" |116|| align="right" |3.16 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GX-VD-Villars-le-Comte.png|35px|Villars-le-Comte]] | [[Villars-le-Comte]] || align="center" |150|| align="right" |4.19 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Villars-le-Grand.png|35px|Villars-le-Grand]] | [[Villars-le-Grand]] || align="center" |282|| align="right" |4.20 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Villarzel.png|35px|Villarzel]] | [[Villarzel, Switzerland|Villarzel]] || align="center" |416|| align="right" |7.66 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Vucherens ch.png|35px|Vucherens]] | [[Vucherens]] || align="center" |543|| align="right" |3.27 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Vulliens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Vulliens]] | [[Vulliens]] || align="center" |461|| align="right" |6.63 |- style="background-color:#EFEFEF;" | | '''Total''' (52) || align="center" | 41,811 || align="center" | 264.98 |} </div> {{Commonscat}} {{Switzerland-stub}} [[Category:2008 establishments in Switzerland]] [[Category:Broye-Vully (district)]] ptwu7y0gmszam68znak8r91vl5q9it2 10369262 10369251 2025-07-03T09:10:17Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Blason commune CH Henniez (Vaud).svg]] → [[File:CHE Henniez COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10369262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Broye-Vully District | native_name = District de la Broye-Vully | settlement_type = District | image_map = Karte Bezirk Broye-Vully 2008.png | subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] | subdivision_name = {{CHE}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Cantons of Switzerland|Canton]] | subdivision_name2 = {{Flag|Vaud}} | subdivision_type3 = Capital | subdivision_name3 = [[Payerne]] | area_total_km2 = 264.98 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2015 | population_total = 41'811 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | blank_name_sec1 = Municipalities | blank_info_sec1 = 52 }} '''Broye-Vully District''' ({{lang-fr|District de la Broye-Vully}}) is a [[district]] in the [[Vaud|canton of Vaud]], [[Switzerland]]. The capital is the town of [[Payerne]]. ==Municipalities== <div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;"> {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Coat of arms ! align="left" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Name ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Population<br /><small>(31 Dec 2015)</small> ! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Area<br />in km² |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Avenches COA.svg|35px|Avenches]] | [[Avenches]] || align="center" |4110|| align="right" |17.56 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Bellerive COA.svg|35px|Bellerive]] | [[Bellerive, Switzerland|Bellerive]] || align="center" |632|| align="right" |2.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Brenles (Vaud).svg|35px|Brenles]] | [[Brenles]] || align="center" |144|| align="right" |3.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Bussy-sur-Moudon COA.svg|35px|Bussy-sur-Moudon]] | [[Bussy-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |198|| align="right" |3.09 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE commune d'Carrouge flag.svg|35px|Carrouge]] | [[Carrouge, Vaud|Carrouge]] || align="center" |1111|| align="right" |5.42 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Cerniaz.jpg|35px|Cerniaz]] | [[Cerniaz]] || align="center" |55|| align="right" |1.80 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Chabrey.png|35px|Chabrey]] | [[Chabrey]] || align="center" |267|| align="right" |3.96 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Champtauroz COA.svg|35px|Champtauroz]] | [[Champtauroz]] || align="center" |133|| align="right" |3.05 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Chavannes-sur-Moudon COA.svg|35px|Chavannes-sur-Moudon]] | [[Chavannes-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |224|| align="right" |5.14 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Chesalles-sur-Moudon COA.svg|35px|Chesalles-sur-Moudon]] | [[Chesalles-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" |169|| align="right" |1.67 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Chevroux COA.svg|35px|Chevroux]] | [[Chevroux, Switzerland|Chevroux]] || align="center" |435|| align="right" |4.37 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Combremg.jpg|35px|Combremont-le-Grand]] | [[Combremont-le-Grand]] || align="center" |311|| align="right" |6.60 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Combremont-le-Petit COA.svg|35px|Combremont-le-Petit]] | [[Combremont-le-Petit]] || align="center" |378|| align="right" |5.73 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Constantine.png|35px|Constantine]] | [[Constantine, Switzerland|Constantine]] || align="center" |327|| align="right" |2.81 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Corcelles-le-Jorat COA.svg|35px|Corcelles-le-Jorat]] | [[Corcelles-le-Jorat]] || align="center" |423|| align="right" |7.93 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Corcelles-près-Payerne COA.svg|35px|Corcelles-près-Payerne]] | [[Corcelles-près-Payerne]] || align="center" |233|| align="right" |12.13 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Cremin-coat of arms.svg|35px|Cremin]] | [[Cremin]] || align="center" |58|| align="right" |1.65 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Cudrefin COA.svg|35px|Cudrefin]] | [[Cudrefin]] || align="center" |1516|| align="right" |15.82 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Curtilles COA.svg|35px|Curtilles]] | [[Curtilles]] || align="center" |311|| align="right" |4.95 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Dompierre VD COA.svg|35px|Dompierre]] | [[Dompierre, Vaud|Dompierre]] || align="center" |247|| align="right" |3.21 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Faoug COA.svg|35px|Faoug]] | [[Faoug]] || align="center" |860|| align="right" |3.45 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Forel-sur-Lucens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Forel-sur-Lucens]] | [[Forel-sur-Lucens]] || align="center" |152|| align="right" |2.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Grandcour COA.svg|35px|Grandcour]] | [[Grandcour]] || align="center" |851|| align="right" |10.21 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Grangesm.jpg|35px|Granges-près-Marnand]] | [[Granges-près-Marnand]] || align="center" |1218|| align="right" |7.02 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Henniez COA.svg|35px|Henniez]] | [[Henniez, Switzerland|Henniez]] || align="center" |339|| align="right" |2.61 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Hermenches.jpg|35px|Hermenches]] | [[Hermenches]] || align="center" |381|| align="right" |4.77 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Lovatens COA.svg|35px|Lovatens]] | [[Lovatens]] || align="center" |150|| align="right" |3.47 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Lucens COA.svg|35px|Lucens]] | [[Lucens]] || align="center" |3937|| align="right" |6.28 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Marnand.jpg|35px|Marnand]] | [[Marnand, Switzerland|Marnand]] || align="center" |161|| align="right" |2.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Missy CH.jpg|35px|Missy]] | [[Missy, Switzerland|Missy]] || align="center" |349|| align="right" |3.11 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Montmagny.png|35px|Montmagny]] | [[Montmagny, Switzerland|Montmagny]] || align="center" |178|| align="right" |3.80 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Moudon COA.svg|35px|Moudon]] | [[Moudon]] || align="center" |5925|| align="right" |15.69 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Mur.png|35px|Mur]] | [[Mur, Switzerland|Mur]] || align="center" |203|| align="right" |1.78 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Oleyres.jpg|35px|Oleyres]] | [[Oleyres]] || align="center" |240|| align="right" |1.92 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Oulens2.jpg|35px|Oulens-sur-Lucens]] | [[Oulens-sur-Lucens]] || align="center" |52|| align="right" |1.59 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Payerne VD COA.svg|35px|Payerne]] | '''[[Payerne]]''' || align="center" |9460|| align="right" |24.19 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Prévonloup.svg|35px|Prévonloup]] | [[Prévonloup]] || align="center" |172|| align="right" |1.84 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Ropraz.jpg|35px|Ropraz]] | [[Ropraz]] || align="center" |407|| align="right" |4.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Rossenges (Vaud).svg|35px|Rossenges]] | [[Rossenges]] || align="center" |65|| align="right" |1.07 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Sarzens.jpg|35px|Sarzens]] | [[Sarzens]] || align="center" |50|| align="right" |1.44 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Sassel-blason.png|35px|Sassel]] | [[Sassel]] || align="center" |149|| align="right" |3.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Seigneux.jpg|35px|Seigneux]] | [[Seigneux]] || align="center" |279|| align="right" |3.74 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Syens COA.svg|35px|Syens]] | [[Syens]] || align="center" |139|| align="right" |2.52 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Trey-coat of arms.svg|35px|Trey]] | [[Trey, Vaud|Trey]] || align="center" |256|| align="right" |3.81 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Treytorrens (Vaud).svg|35px|Treytorrens (Payerne)]] | [[Treytorrens (Payerne)]] || align="center" |123|| align="right" |3.07 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Vallamand.png|35px|Vallamand]] | [[Vallamand]] || align="center" |389|| align="right" |2.34 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Villarsbr.jpg|35px|Villars-Bramard]] | [[Villars-Bramard]] || align="center" |116|| align="right" |3.16 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GX-VD-Villars-le-Comte.png|35px|Villars-le-Comte]] | [[Villars-le-Comte]] || align="center" |150|| align="right" |4.19 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Villars-le-Grand.png|35px|Villars-le-Grand]] | [[Villars-le-Grand]] || align="center" |282|| align="right" |4.20 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GW-VD-Villarzel.png|35px|Villarzel]] | [[Villarzel, Switzerland|Villarzel]] || align="center" |416|| align="right" |7.66 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Vucherens ch.png|35px|Vucherens]] | [[Vucherens]] || align="center" |543|| align="right" |3.27 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Vulliens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Vulliens]] | [[Vulliens]] || align="center" |461|| align="right" |6.63 |- style="background-color:#EFEFEF;" | | '''Total''' (52) || align="center" | 41,811 || align="center" | 264.98 |} </div> {{Commonscat}} {{Switzerland-stub}} [[Category:2008 establishments in Switzerland]] [[Category:Broye-Vully (district)]] accgifqo6nd9i8qlp65jtlqyvd07k27 0 589538 10368282 10027305 2025-07-02T21:22:21Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Blason Bioley Orjulaz.svg]] → [[File:CHE Bioley-Orjulaz COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10368282 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Karte Bezirk Gros-de-Vaud 2008.png|thumbnail|Maps of the district of Gros-de-Vaud]] '''Gros-de-Vaud District''' ({{lang-fr|District du Gros-de-Vaud}}) is a [[district]] of the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Vaud]] in [[Switzerland]]. The capital is the town of [[Echallens]]. {|class ="wikitable sortable" !Coat of arms !Name !Population (31 Dec 2015) !Area in km² |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Assens (Vaud).svg|35px|Assens]] || [[Assens, Switzerland|Assens]] || align="center" | 1031 || align="center" | 5.35 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Bercher COA.svg|35px|Bercher]] || [[Bercher]] || align="center" | 1148 || align="center" | 4.25 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Bettens (Vaud).svg|35px|Bettens]] || [[Bettens]] || align="center" | 557 || align="center" | 3.75 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Bioley-Orjulaz COA.svg|35px|Bioley-Orjulaz]] || [[Bioley-Orjulaz]] || align="center" | 470 || align="center" | 3.11 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Bottens (Vaud).svg|35px|Bottens]] || [[Bottens]] || align="center" | 1223 || align="center" | 6.89 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Boulens COA.svg|35px|Boulens]] || [[Boulens]] || align="center" | 325 || align="center" | 3.44 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Bournens COA.svg|35px|Bournens]] || [[Bournens]] || align="center" | 372 || align="center" | 3.90 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Boussens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Boussens]] || [[Boussens, Switzerland|Boussens]] || align="center" | 961 || align="center" | 3.15 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Bretigny-sur-Morrens.png|35px|Bretigny-sur-Morrens]] || [[Bretigny-sur-Morrens]] || align="center" | 797 || align="center" | 2.86 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Chapelle.waadt.jpg|35px|Chapelle-sur-Moudon]] || [[Chapelle-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" | 405 || align="center" | 4.63 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Correvon.waadt.png|35px|Correvon]] || [[Correvon]] || align="center" | 108 || align="center" | 2.24 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Cugy-VD-coat of arms.svg|35px|Cugy]] || [[Cugy, Vaud|Cugy]] || align="center" | 2750 || align="center" | 2.90 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Daillens-blason.jpg|35px|Daillens]] || [[Daillens]] || align="center" | 940 || align="center" | 5.52 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Denezy-coat of arms.svg|35px|Denezy]] || [[Denezy]] || align="center" | 128 || align="center" | 3.79 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Dommartin wappen.jpg|35px|Dommartin]] || [[Dommartin, Switzerland|Dommartin]] || align="center" | 266 || align="center" | 2.94 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Échallens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Echallens]] || '''[[Echallens]]''' || align="center" | 5626 || align="center" | 6.66 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Éclagnens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Eclagnens]] || [[Eclagnens]] || align="center" | 146 || align="center" | 2.14 |- | align="center" | [[Image:EssertinessurYverdonVD.png|35px|Essertines-sur-Yverdon]] || [[Essertines-sur-Yverdon]] || align="center" | 946 || align="center" | 9.75 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Etagnières (Vaud).svg|35px|Etagnières]] || [[Etagnières]] || align="center" | 1145 || align="center" | 3.79 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Wappen Fey.jpg|35px|Fey]] || [[Fey, Switzerland|Fey]] || align="center" | 636 || align="center" | 7.35 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Froideville-coat of arms.svg|35px|Froideville]] || [[Froideville, Switzerland|Froideville]] || align="center" | 2429 || align="center" | 7.08 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Goumoens-la-Ville-coat of arms.svg|35px|Goumoens-la-Ville]] || [[Goumoens-la-Ville]] || align="center" | 660 || align="center" | 7.27 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Goumoens-le-Jux-blason.jpg|35px|Goumoens-le-Jux]] || [[Goumoens-le-Jux]] || align="center" | 43 || align="center" | 1.28 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Lussery-Villars COA.svg|35px|Lussery-Villars]] || [[Lussery-Villars]] || align="center" | 421 || align="center" | 3.73 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GX-VD-Martherenges.png|35px|Martherenges]] || [[Martherenges]] || align="center" | 78 || align="center" | 0.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Mex VD COA.svg|35px|Mex]] || [[Mex, Vaud|Mex]] || align="center" | 677 || align="center" | 2.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Montaubi.jpg|35px|Montaubion-Chardonney]] | [[Montaubion-Chardonney]] || align="center" | 69 || align="center" | 2.11 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Morrens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Morrens]] | [[Morrens]] || align="center" | 1054 || align="center" | 3.66 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Wappen Naz.jpg|35px|Naz]] | [[Naz]] || align="center" | 137 || align="center" | 1.17 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Neyruz.jpg|35px|Neyruz-sur-Moudon]] | [[Neyruz-sur-Moudon]] || align="center | 119 || align="center" | 3.52 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Ogens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Ogens]] | [[Ogens]] || align="center" | 283 || align="center" | 3.41 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Oppens COA.svg|35px|Oppens]] | [[Oppens]] || align="center" | 182 || align="center" | 3.59 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Oulens-sous-Échallens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Oulens-sous-Echallens]] | [[Oulens-sous-Echallens]] || align="center" | 531 || align="center" | 5.86 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Coat of arms of Pailly, Vaud.svg|35px|Pailly]] | [[Pailly, Switzerland|Pailly]] || align="center" | 535 || align="center" | 5.77 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Peney.jpg|35px|Peney-le-Jorat]] | [[Peney-le-Jorat]] || align="center" | 378 || align="center" |4.46 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Penthalaz COA.svg|35px|Penthalaz]] | [[Penthalaz]] || align="center" | 3244 || align="center | 3.87 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Penthaz-coat of arms.svg|35px|Penthaz]] | [[Penthaz]] || align="center" | 1652 || align="center" | 3.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Penthéréaz-coat of arms.svg|35px|Penthéréaz]] | [[Penthéréaz]] || align="center" | 389 || align="center" | 5.68 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Peyres-Possens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Peyres-Possens]] | [[Peyres-Possens]] || align="center" | 140 || align="center" | 1.92 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Poliezgrand.jpg|35px|Poliez-le-Grand]] | [[Poliez-le-Grand]] || align="center" | 715 || align="center" | 5.07 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Poliez-Pittet.jpg|35px|Poliez-Pittet]] | [[Poliez-Pittet]] || align="center" | 815 || align="center" | 5.01 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Rueyres.jpg|35px|Rueyres]] | [[Rueyres, Switzerland|Rueyres]] || align="center" | 265 || align="center" | 2.02 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Saint-Barthélemy-coat of arms.svg|35px|Saint-Barthélemy]] | [[Saint-Barthélemy, Switzerland|Saint-Barthélemy]] || align="center" | 784 || align="center" | 4.12 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Saint-Cierges.jpg|35px|Saint-Cierges]] | [[Saint-Cierges]] || align="center" | 458 || align="center" | 6.44 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Sottens.jpg|35px|Sottens]] | [[Sottens]] || align="center" | 256 || align="center" | 4.53 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Sugnens.jpg|35px|Sugnens]] | [[Sugnens]] || align="center" | 308 || align="center" | 2.69 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Sullens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Sullens]] | [[Sullens]] || align="center" | 924 || align="center" |3.92 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Thierrens.jpg|35px|Thierrens]] | [[Thierrens]] || align="center" | 619 || align="center" | 8.72 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Villars-le-Terroir-coat of arms.svg|35px|Villars-le-Terroir]] | [[Villars-le-Terroir]] || align="center" | 1034 || align="center" | 7.09 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Villarme.jpg|35px|Villars-Mendraz]] | [[Villars-Mendraz]] || align="center" | 193 || align="center" | 1.56 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Villars-Tiercelin-coat of arms.svg|35px|Villars-Tiercelin]] | [[Villars-Tiercelin]] || align="center" | 408 || align="center" | 4.99 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Vuarrens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Vuarrens]] | [[Vuarrens]] || align="center" | 935 || align="center" | 8.96 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Vuflens-la-Ville-coat of arms.svg|35px|Vufflens-la-Ville]] | [[Vufflens-la-Ville]] || align="center" | 1216 || align="center" | 5.38 |- |} {{Commonscat}} {{Switzerland-stub}} [[Category:2008 establishments in Switzerland]] [[Category:Gros-de-Vaud (district)]] 8hl7m8qtjf0hxp8zznjzwdjdxs5ynpx 10368330 10368282 2025-07-02T22:00:50Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Villars-le-Terroir-coat of arms.svg]] → [[File:CHE Villars-le-Terroir COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10368330 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Karte Bezirk Gros-de-Vaud 2008.png|thumbnail|Maps of the district of Gros-de-Vaud]] '''Gros-de-Vaud District''' ({{lang-fr|District du Gros-de-Vaud}}) is a [[district]] of the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Vaud]] in [[Switzerland]]. The capital is the town of [[Echallens]]. {|class ="wikitable sortable" !Coat of arms !Name !Population (31 Dec 2015) !Area in km² |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Assens (Vaud).svg|35px|Assens]] || [[Assens, Switzerland|Assens]] || align="center" | 1031 || align="center" | 5.35 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Bercher COA.svg|35px|Bercher]] || [[Bercher]] || align="center" | 1148 || align="center" | 4.25 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Bettens (Vaud).svg|35px|Bettens]] || [[Bettens]] || align="center" | 557 || align="center" | 3.75 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Bioley-Orjulaz COA.svg|35px|Bioley-Orjulaz]] || [[Bioley-Orjulaz]] || align="center" | 470 || align="center" | 3.11 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Bottens (Vaud).svg|35px|Bottens]] || [[Bottens]] || align="center" | 1223 || align="center" | 6.89 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Boulens COA.svg|35px|Boulens]] || [[Boulens]] || align="center" | 325 || align="center" | 3.44 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Bournens COA.svg|35px|Bournens]] || [[Bournens]] || align="center" | 372 || align="center" | 3.90 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Boussens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Boussens]] || [[Boussens, Switzerland|Boussens]] || align="center" | 961 || align="center" | 3.15 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Bretigny-sur-Morrens.png|35px|Bretigny-sur-Morrens]] || [[Bretigny-sur-Morrens]] || align="center" | 797 || align="center" | 2.86 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Chapelle.waadt.jpg|35px|Chapelle-sur-Moudon]] || [[Chapelle-sur-Moudon]] || align="center" | 405 || align="center" | 4.63 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Correvon.waadt.png|35px|Correvon]] || [[Correvon]] || align="center" | 108 || align="center" | 2.24 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Cugy-VD-coat of arms.svg|35px|Cugy]] || [[Cugy, Vaud|Cugy]] || align="center" | 2750 || align="center" | 2.90 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Daillens-blason.jpg|35px|Daillens]] || [[Daillens]] || align="center" | 940 || align="center" | 5.52 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Denezy-coat of arms.svg|35px|Denezy]] || [[Denezy]] || align="center" | 128 || align="center" | 3.79 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Dommartin wappen.jpg|35px|Dommartin]] || [[Dommartin, Switzerland|Dommartin]] || align="center" | 266 || align="center" | 2.94 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Échallens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Echallens]] || '''[[Echallens]]''' || align="center" | 5626 || align="center" | 6.66 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Éclagnens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Eclagnens]] || [[Eclagnens]] || align="center" | 146 || align="center" | 2.14 |- | align="center" | [[Image:EssertinessurYverdonVD.png|35px|Essertines-sur-Yverdon]] || [[Essertines-sur-Yverdon]] || align="center" | 946 || align="center" | 9.75 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Blason commune CH Etagnières (Vaud).svg|35px|Etagnières]] || [[Etagnières]] || align="center" | 1145 || align="center" | 3.79 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Wappen Fey.jpg|35px|Fey]] || [[Fey, Switzerland|Fey]] || align="center" | 636 || align="center" | 7.35 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Froideville-coat of arms.svg|35px|Froideville]] || [[Froideville, Switzerland|Froideville]] || align="center" | 2429 || align="center" | 7.08 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Goumoens-la-Ville-coat of arms.svg|35px|Goumoens-la-Ville]] || [[Goumoens-la-Ville]] || align="center" | 660 || align="center" | 7.27 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Goumoens-le-Jux-blason.jpg|35px|Goumoens-le-Jux]] || [[Goumoens-le-Jux]] || align="center" | 43 || align="center" | 1.28 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Lussery-Villars COA.svg|35px|Lussery-Villars]] || [[Lussery-Villars]] || align="center" | 421 || align="center" | 3.73 |- | align="center" | [[Image:GX-VD-Martherenges.png|35px|Martherenges]] || [[Martherenges]] || align="center" | 78 || align="center" | 0.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Mex VD COA.svg|35px|Mex]] || [[Mex, Vaud|Mex]] || align="center" | 677 || align="center" | 2.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Montaubi.jpg|35px|Montaubion-Chardonney]] | [[Montaubion-Chardonney]] || align="center" | 69 || align="center" | 2.11 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Morrens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Morrens]] | [[Morrens]] || align="center" | 1054 || align="center" | 3.66 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Wappen Naz.jpg|35px|Naz]] | [[Naz]] || align="center" | 137 || align="center" | 1.17 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Neyruz.jpg|35px|Neyruz-sur-Moudon]] | [[Neyruz-sur-Moudon]] || align="center | 119 || align="center" | 3.52 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Ogens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Ogens]] | [[Ogens]] || align="center" | 283 || align="center" | 3.41 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Oppens COA.svg|35px|Oppens]] | [[Oppens]] || align="center" | 182 || align="center" | 3.59 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Oulens-sous-Échallens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Oulens-sous-Echallens]] | [[Oulens-sous-Echallens]] || align="center" | 531 || align="center" | 5.86 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Coat of arms of Pailly, Vaud.svg|35px|Pailly]] | [[Pailly, Switzerland|Pailly]] || align="center" | 535 || align="center" | 5.77 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Peney.jpg|35px|Peney-le-Jorat]] | [[Peney-le-Jorat]] || align="center" | 378 || align="center" |4.46 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Penthalaz COA.svg|35px|Penthalaz]] | [[Penthalaz]] || align="center" | 3244 || align="center | 3.87 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Penthaz-coat of arms.svg|35px|Penthaz]] | [[Penthaz]] || align="center" | 1652 || align="center" | 3.83 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Penthéréaz-coat of arms.svg|35px|Penthéréaz]] | [[Penthéréaz]] || align="center" | 389 || align="center" | 5.68 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Peyres-Possens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Peyres-Possens]] | [[Peyres-Possens]] || align="center" | 140 || align="center" | 1.92 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Poliezgrand.jpg|35px|Poliez-le-Grand]] | [[Poliez-le-Grand]] || align="center" | 715 || align="center" | 5.07 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Poliez-Pittet.jpg|35px|Poliez-Pittet]] | [[Poliez-Pittet]] || align="center" | 815 || align="center" | 5.01 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Rueyres.jpg|35px|Rueyres]] | [[Rueyres, Switzerland|Rueyres]] || align="center" | 265 || align="center" | 2.02 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Saint-Barthélemy-coat of arms.svg|35px|Saint-Barthélemy]] | [[Saint-Barthélemy, Switzerland|Saint-Barthélemy]] || align="center" | 784 || align="center" | 4.12 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Saint-Cierges.jpg|35px|Saint-Cierges]] | [[Saint-Cierges]] || align="center" | 458 || align="center" | 6.44 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Sottens.jpg|35px|Sottens]] | [[Sottens]] || align="center" | 256 || align="center" | 4.53 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Sugnens.jpg|35px|Sugnens]] | [[Sugnens]] || align="center" | 308 || align="center" | 2.69 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Sullens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Sullens]] | [[Sullens]] || align="center" | 924 || align="center" |3.92 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Thierrens.jpg|35px|Thierrens]] | [[Thierrens]] || align="center" | 619 || align="center" | 8.72 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Villars-le-Terroir COA.svg|35px|Villars-le-Terroir]] | [[Villars-le-Terroir]] || align="center" | 1034 || align="center" | 7.09 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Villarme.jpg|35px|Villars-Mendraz]] | [[Villars-Mendraz]] || align="center" | 193 || align="center" | 1.56 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Villars-Tiercelin-coat of arms.svg|35px|Villars-Tiercelin]] | [[Villars-Tiercelin]] || align="center" | 408 || align="center" | 4.99 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Vuarrens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Vuarrens]] | [[Vuarrens]] || align="center" | 935 || align="center" | 8.96 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Vuflens-la-Ville-coat of arms.svg|35px|Vufflens-la-Ville]] | [[Vufflens-la-Ville]] || align="center" | 1216 || align="center" | 5.38 |- |} {{Commonscat}} {{Switzerland-stub}} [[Category:2008 establishments in Switzerland]] [[Category:Gros-de-Vaud (district)]] mtmx3e1ioi49ae867c6mpmg5d6hoeaj 0 589629 10368147 10065257 2025-07-02T19:41:35Z Davey2010 314522 /* Second generation (2006–2011) */ ce 10368147 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}} {{Infobox UK Bus |background= |width={{convert|2440|mm|ft|abbr=on}} |powerout={{convert|140|hp|kW|abbr=on}} to {{convert|240|hp|kW|abbr=on}} |engine=[[Cummins B Series engine|Cummins ISBe]] <small>(Enviro200)</small><br>MAN D0836 LOH 52 <small>(MAN 14.240)</small> |chassis=Alexander Dennis Enviro200<br>[[MAN Truck & Bus|MAN]] 14.240 |weight=13–14.4 tonnes (gross) |doors=1 or 2 doors |floortype=[[Low-floor bus|Low floor]] |height={{convert|2860|mm|ft|abbr=on}} |length={{convert|8.9|m|ft|abbr=on}} to<br>{{convert|11.8|m|ft|abbr=on}} |name=Alexander Dennis Enviro200<br><small>''NewFlyer MiDi''</small> |capacity=Various, dependent on length and specification |successor=[[Alexander Dennis Enviro200 MMC]] |predecessor=[[Dennis Dart SLF]]<br>[[Alexander ALX200]]<br>[[Plaxton Pointer]] |factory=[[Falkirk]], Scotland<br>[[Scarborough, North Yorkshire|Scarborough]], England<br>[[Winnipeg]], [[Manitoba]], Canada<br>[[St. Cloud, Minnesota|St Cloud]], [[Minnesota]], [[USA]]<br>[[Crookston, Minnesota|Crookston]], [[Minnesota]], USA |production=2003–2018 |manufacturer=[[Alexander Dennis]] |caption=An Enviro200 Dart operated by [[Stagecoach Merseyside]] |image=Stagecoach Wirral 36071 SN56AYF (8653035076).jpg |transmission=[[Allison Transmission|Allison]], [[Voith]], [[ZF Friedrichshafen|ZF]]}} The '''Alexander Dennis Enviro200'''{{Efn|(previously known as the TransBus Enviro200)}} is a [[single-decker bus|single decker]] [[midibus]]. It has a [[low-floor bus|low-floor]]. It was built from 2003 to 2018. It was built by [[TransBus International]] and then [[Alexander Dennis]]. ==First generation (2003–2007)== The first generation TransBus Enviro200 was launched in 2003. In 2004, Alexander Dennis made a [[Hybrid bus|hybrid]] model called the Enviro200H.<ref name="JenkinsHybrid">{{cite magazine|last=Jenkins|first=David|date=6 May 2024|title=Hybrid buses in the UK|url=https://www.keybuses.com/article/hybrid-buses-uk|magazine=[[Buses (magazine)|Buses]]|location=Stamford|publisher=Key Publishing|issue=831|pages=26–32|access-date=26 May 2024|url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Gallery === <gallery widths="190" heights="130" perrow="3"> File:Cobham Bus Rally 2013 - Flickr - Dave M Photography (8).jpg|First generation TransBus Enviro200 File:Alexander Dennis Enviro 200 demonstrator.JPG|First generation TransBus Enviro200 File:Enviro 200 rear.JPG|First generation TransBus Enviro200 rear </gallery> ==Second generation (2006–2011)== The second generation Enviro200 (also known as the Enviro200 Dart) was launched in August 2006. It was launched as a [[midibus]] and as a [[chassis]]. The following bus bodies could be built on the Enviro200 chassis: * [[Optare Esteem]] chassis<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=18ulEAAAQBAJ&dq=lx09+ayf&pg=PA1968|title=London's Enviro200 Buses|last1=Beddall|first1=David|date=2023|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-3981-0643-7|language=en|accessdate=9 June 2023}}</ref> * [[MCV Evolution]] chassis<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=18ulEAAAQBAJ&dq=Enviro200+MCV+Evolution&pg=PA2005|title=London's Enviro200 Buses|last=Beddall|first=David|date=15 January 2023|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-3981-0643-7|language=en}}</ref> In February 2007, Alexander Dennis made a Enviro200 body for the [[MAN Truck & Bus|MAN]] 14.240 chassis.<ref>{{cite news|date=30 January 2007|title=ADL makes new links with MAN and Scania|work=Bus & Coach Professional|url=http://www.busandcoach.com/newsStory.aspx?id=1198|url-status=dead|access-date=25 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071108124855/http://www.busandcoach.com/newsStory.aspx?id=1198|archive-date=8 November 2007}}</ref> In 2008, Alexander Dennis made a [[Hybrid electric bus|hybrid-electric]] model called the Enviro200H.<ref>{{cite magazine|date=December 2008|magazine=Buses|location=Hersham|publisher=Ian Allan Publishing|issue=645}}</ref><ref name="JenkinsHybrid" /> === Gallery === <gallery widths="190" heights="130"> File:Arriva Southern Counties 4011 on Route 35, Woking Station (19200967100).jpg|Second generation Enviro200 File:Au Morandarte Flickr London Sovereign (Transdev) DE53 on Route H10, Harrow (9756136615).jpg|A second generation Enviro200 operated by [[Transdev London]] with doors in the middle File:SB09PAN-YX09FLE-4 131018 CPS (39964394313).jpg|A second generation Enviro200 rear operated by [[Panther Travel]]. File:20170603 Avon AE56 LWL.jpg|A second generation Enviro200 with [[MCV Evolution]] bodywork operated by [[Avon Buses]]. File:Travel Express PN07 KRZ.jpg|A second generation Enviro200 with [[Optare Esteem]] bodywork operated by Travel Express. File:Stagecoach Hants & Surrey 39656.JPG|A second generation [[MAN Truck & Bus|MAN]] 14.240 with Enviro200 bodywork operated by [[Avon Buses]]. File:Krapf Bus New Flyer Industries Midi (MD35) 1415 Phlash bus.jpg|A second generation New Flyer MiDi bus operated by ''[[Philadelphia PHLASH|Philly Phlash]]'' in [[Philadelphia]] </gallery> == Third generation (2009–2018) == The third generation Enviro200 was launched in 2009. It was an improved model of the second generation Enviro200, It had new front lights, new front and rear bumpers, [[LED]] [[Daytime running light|daytime running lights]] under the front lights and a new interior. In 2018, It was replaced by the [[Alexander Dennis Enviro200 MMC]]. ===North America=== In May 2012, [[Canada|Canadian]] bus maker [[New Flyer Industries|New Flyer]] made a version of the third generation Enviro200 called the '''New Flyer MiDi'''<ref name="winnipegfreepress1">{{Cite web|title = New Flyer branching out to mid-sized buses|url = http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/business/new-flyer-branching-out-to-mid-sized-buses-150554055.html|website = [[Winnipeg Free Press]]| date=8 May 2012 |access-date = 20 February 2016}}</ref> for the [[North American]] market.<ref name="winnipegfreepress2">{{Cite web|title = Midi-bus could be big boost|url = http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/business/midi-bus-could-be-big-boost-218798161.html|website = [[Winnipeg Free Press]]| date=8 August 2013 |access-date = 20 February 2016}}</ref> === Gallery === <gallery widths="190" heights="130" perrow="3"> File:NEWPORT TRANSPORT - Flickr - secret coach park (5).jpg|A third generation Enviro200 operated by Newport Transport showing the LED lights below the headlights. File:Arriva Midlands North 2150 MX12 JXN.jpg|A third generation Enviro200 operated by [[Arriva]] showing the blank space below the headlights. File:2012 Alexander Dennis Enviro 200 Dart.jpg|A third generation Enviro200 operated by [[Metroline]] with doors in the middle File:Z&S Transport 172 OU12 CZV (14448776487).jpg|A third generation Enviro200 rear operated by Z&S Transport. File:CARTA (Charleston, SC) Route 7 NFI MD30 Bay St. @ Broad St. (48111859707).jpg|A third generation New Flyer MiDi bus operated by [[Charleston Area Regional Transportation Authority]] in [[Charleston, South Carolina]], [[USA]] </gallery> == Notes == {{Notelist}} == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commons category-inline}} {{Alexander Dennis}} {{transport-stub}} [[Category:Alexander Dennis buses|Enviro200]] [[Category:Midibuses]] 4wfh0kpmvxlmdol9hmrjvbwk7e21tda 10368554 10368147 2025-07-03T00:17:18Z Davey2010 314522 /* Second generation (2006–2011) */ ce 10368554 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}} {{Infobox UK Bus |background= |width={{convert|2440|mm|ft|abbr=on}} |powerout={{convert|140|hp|kW|abbr=on}} to {{convert|240|hp|kW|abbr=on}} |engine=[[Cummins B Series engine|Cummins ISBe]] <small>(Enviro200)</small><br>MAN D0836 LOH 52 <small>(MAN 14.240)</small> |chassis=Alexander Dennis Enviro200<br>[[MAN Truck & Bus|MAN]] 14.240 |weight=13–14.4 tonnes (gross) |doors=1 or 2 doors |floortype=[[Low-floor bus|Low floor]] |height={{convert|2860|mm|ft|abbr=on}} |length={{convert|8.9|m|ft|abbr=on}} to<br>{{convert|11.8|m|ft|abbr=on}} |name=Alexander Dennis Enviro200<br><small>''NewFlyer MiDi''</small> |capacity=Various, dependent on length and specification |successor=[[Alexander Dennis Enviro200 MMC]] |predecessor=[[Dennis Dart SLF]]<br>[[Alexander ALX200]]<br>[[Plaxton Pointer]] |factory=[[Falkirk]], Scotland<br>[[Scarborough, North Yorkshire|Scarborough]], England<br>[[Winnipeg]], [[Manitoba]], Canada<br>[[St. Cloud, Minnesota|St Cloud]], [[Minnesota]], [[USA]]<br>[[Crookston, Minnesota|Crookston]], [[Minnesota]], USA |production=2003–2018 |manufacturer=[[Alexander Dennis]] |caption=An Enviro200 Dart operated by [[Stagecoach Merseyside]] |image=Stagecoach Wirral 36071 SN56AYF (8653035076).jpg |transmission=[[Allison Transmission|Allison]], [[Voith]], [[ZF Friedrichshafen|ZF]]}} The '''Alexander Dennis Enviro200'''{{Efn|(previously known as the TransBus Enviro200)}} is a [[single-decker bus|single decker]] [[midibus]]. It has a [[low-floor bus|low-floor]]. It was built from 2003 to 2018. It was built by [[TransBus International]] and then [[Alexander Dennis]]. ==First generation (2003–2007)== The first generation TransBus Enviro200 was launched in 2003. In 2004, Alexander Dennis made a [[Hybrid bus|hybrid]] model called the Enviro200H.<ref name="JenkinsHybrid">{{cite magazine|last=Jenkins|first=David|date=6 May 2024|title=Hybrid buses in the UK|url=https://www.keybuses.com/article/hybrid-buses-uk|magazine=[[Buses (magazine)|Buses]]|location=Stamford|publisher=Key Publishing|issue=831|pages=26–32|access-date=26 May 2024|url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Gallery === <gallery widths="190" heights="130" perrow="3"> File:Cobham Bus Rally 2013 - Flickr - Dave M Photography (8).jpg|First generation TransBus Enviro200 File:Alexander Dennis Enviro 200 demonstrator.JPG|First generation TransBus Enviro200 File:Enviro 200 rear.JPG|First generation TransBus Enviro200 rear </gallery> ==Second generation (2006–2011)== The second generation Enviro200 (also known as the Enviro200 Dart) was launched in August 2006. It was launched as a [[midibus]], a [[chassis]] and a [[Coachwork|body]] of a midibus. The following bus [[Coachwork|bodies]] could be built on the Enviro200 [[chassis]]: * [[Optare Esteem]] [[Coachwork|bodywork]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=18ulEAAAQBAJ&dq=lx09+ayf&pg=PA1968|title=London's Enviro200 Buses|last1=Beddall|first1=David|date=2023|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-3981-0643-7|language=en|accessdate=9 June 2023}}</ref> * [[MCV Evolution]] bodywork<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=18ulEAAAQBAJ&dq=Enviro200+MCV+Evolution&pg=PA2005|title=London's Enviro200 Buses|last=Beddall|first=David|date=15 January 2023|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-3981-0643-7|language=en}}</ref> In February 2007, Alexander Dennis made a Enviro200 body for the [[MAN Truck & Bus|MAN]] 14.240 chassis.<ref>{{cite news|date=30 January 2007|title=ADL makes new links with MAN and Scania|work=Bus & Coach Professional|url=http://www.busandcoach.com/newsStory.aspx?id=1198|url-status=dead|access-date=25 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071108124855/http://www.busandcoach.com/newsStory.aspx?id=1198|archive-date=8 November 2007}}</ref> In 2008, Alexander Dennis made a [[Hybrid electric bus|hybrid-electric]] model called the Enviro200H.<ref>{{cite magazine|date=December 2008|magazine=Buses|location=Hersham|publisher=Ian Allan Publishing|issue=645}}</ref><ref name="JenkinsHybrid" /> === Gallery === <gallery widths="190" heights="130"> File:Arriva Southern Counties 4011 on Route 35, Woking Station (19200967100).jpg|Second generation Enviro200 File:Au Morandarte Flickr London Sovereign (Transdev) DE53 on Route H10, Harrow (9756136615).jpg|A second generation Enviro200 with doors in the middle File:SB09PAN-YX09FLE-4 131018 CPS (39964394313).jpg|A second generation Enviro200 rear. File:20170603 Avon AE56 LWL.jpg|A second generation Enviro200 with [[MCV Evolution]] bodywork File:Travel Express PN07 KRZ.jpg|A second generation Enviro200 with [[Optare Esteem]] bodywork File:Stagecoach Hants & Surrey 39656.JPG|A second generation [[MAN Truck & Bus|MAN]] 14.240 with Enviro200 bodywork File:Krapf Bus New Flyer Industries Midi (MD35) 1415 Phlash bus.jpg|A second generation New Flyer MiDi bus operated by ''[[Philadelphia PHLASH|Philly Phlash]]'' in [[Philadelphia]] </gallery> == Third generation (2009–2018) == The third generation Enviro200 was launched in 2009. It was an improved model of the second generation Enviro200, It had new front lights, new front and rear bumpers, [[LED]] [[Daytime running light|daytime running lights]] under the front lights and a new interior. In 2018, It was replaced by the [[Alexander Dennis Enviro200 MMC]]. ===North America=== In May 2012, [[Canada|Canadian]] bus maker [[New Flyer Industries|New Flyer]] made a version of the third generation Enviro200 called the '''New Flyer MiDi'''<ref name="winnipegfreepress1">{{Cite web|title = New Flyer branching out to mid-sized buses|url = http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/business/new-flyer-branching-out-to-mid-sized-buses-150554055.html|website = [[Winnipeg Free Press]]| date=8 May 2012 |access-date = 20 February 2016}}</ref> for the [[North American]] market.<ref name="winnipegfreepress2">{{Cite web|title = Midi-bus could be big boost|url = http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/business/midi-bus-could-be-big-boost-218798161.html|website = [[Winnipeg Free Press]]| date=8 August 2013 |access-date = 20 February 2016}}</ref> === Gallery === <gallery widths="190" heights="130" perrow="3"> File:NEWPORT TRANSPORT - Flickr - secret coach park (5).jpg|A third generation Enviro200 operated by Newport Transport showing the LED lights below the headlights. File:Arriva Midlands North 2150 MX12 JXN.jpg|A third generation Enviro200 operated by [[Arriva]] showing the blank space below the headlights. File:2012 Alexander Dennis Enviro 200 Dart.jpg|A third generation Enviro200 operated by [[Metroline]] with doors in the middle File:Z&S Transport 172 OU12 CZV (14448776487).jpg|A third generation Enviro200 rear operated by Z&S Transport. File:CARTA (Charleston, SC) Route 7 NFI MD30 Bay St. @ Broad St. (48111859707).jpg|A third generation New Flyer MiDi bus operated by [[Charleston Area Regional Transportation Authority]] in [[Charleston, South Carolina]], [[USA]] </gallery> == Notes == {{Notelist}} == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commons category-inline}} {{Alexander Dennis}} {{transport-stub}} [[Category:Alexander Dennis buses|Enviro200]] [[Category:Midibuses]] 6blgp1dc8jb4qfaic8uorxvgino44mh 0 589664 10368587 10098995 2025-07-03T00:34:54Z Davey2010 314522 ce 10368587 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}} {{Infobox UK Bus | name = Alexander Dennis Enviro400 | image = YX63LKN (2) (cropped).JPG | caption = Second generation Enviro400, [[First Norfolk and Suffolk]] in 2016 | manufacturer = [[Alexander Dennis]] | production = 2005–2018 | factory = [[Falkirk]], Scotland<br />[[Scarborough, North Yorkshire|Scarborough]], England | predecessor = [[Alexander ALX400]],<br />[[Dennis Trident 2]],<br />[[Plaxton President]] | successor = [[Alexander Dennis Enviro400 MMC]] | capacity = 64–90 seated | operator = Various | length = {{convert|10.2|m|ftin|abbr=on}} to<br /> {{convert|11.4|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|2.55|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | height = {{convert|4.2|m|ftin|abbr=on}} to<br /> {{convert|4.3|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | floortype = [[Low-floor bus|Low floor]] | doors = Single or dual door | weight = {{convert|17800|kg}} | chassis = Alexander Dennis Enviro400<br />[[Scania N230UD]]<br />[[Scania N280UD]]<br />[[Volvo B7TL]]<br />[[Volvo B9TL]] | engine = Cummins [[Cummins B Series engine|ISBe]]/[[Cummins C Series engine|ISCe]]/[[Cummins L Series engine|ISLe]] (Enviro400)<ref name="SpecSheet">{{cite web|url=http://www.alexander-dennis.com/uploads/files/e400_spec_sheet.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306030544/http://www.alexander-dennis.com/uploads/files/e400_spec_sheet.pdf |title=Enviro400 Specification Sheet |publisher=Alexander Dennis |archive-date=6 March 2012|access-date=4 March 2023}}</ref><br />[[MAN D0836]] (Enviro400)<br />[[Volvo D7C]] (Volvo B7TL)<br />[[Volvo D9B]] (Volvo B9TL)<br />[[Scania DC9]] (Scania N230UD) | transmission = [[Voith]] D854.5E 4-speed automatic<br /> [[ZF Friedrichshafen|ZF]] 6HP1203B 6-speed automatic<ref name="SpecSheet" /><br /> [[BAE Systems]] HybriDrive | options = }} The '''Alexander Dennis Enviro400''' is a [[double-decker bus|double-decker]] [[bus]], [[Bodywork|body]] of a bus and a [[chassis]]. It has a [[low-floor bus|low-floor]]. It was built from 2005 to 2018 by [[Alexander Dennis]]. In 2018, It was replaced by the [[Alexander Dennis Enviro400 MMC]]. ==First generation (2005–2010)== The first generation Enviro400 was built from 2005 to 2010, It was built as a [[bus]], [[Bodywork|body]] of a bus and as a [[chassis]]. The Enviro400 [[chassis]] was built on the following [[Coachwork|bodies]]: * [[East Lancs Myllennium Lolyne]] bodywork * [[Optare Olympus]] bodywork * [[Scania N-series|Scania]] N230UD bodywork<ref>{{cite book |last1=Walter |first1=Richard |title=The Use of Vinyls on Buses and Coaches |date=2024 |publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-3981-0711-3 |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_Use_of_Vinyls_on_Buses_and_Coaches/tp_6EAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Enviro400+Scania+N230UD&pg=PT120&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref> * Scania N280UD bodywork<ref name="buslistsontheweb.co.uk">{{cite web|title=Bus Lists on the Web|url=http://buslistsontheweb.co.uk/|access-date=4 May 2018|website=buslistsontheweb.co.uk}}</ref> * [[Volvo B7TL]] bodywork * [[Volvo B9TL]] bodywork<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_Use_of_Vinyls_on_Buses_and_Coaches/tp_6EAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=B9TL+Enviro400&pg=PT90&printsec=frontcover|title=The Use of Vinyls on Buses and Coaches|last=Walter|first=Richard|date=15 March 2024|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-3981-0711-3|language=en}}</ref> <gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="4"> 2014 LBPT Spring rally (13828565254).jpg|The first production Enviro400, Stagecoach 19000 ''[[Spirit of London]]'', new in 2005, pictured in 2014 Bus img 5849 (16146021078) (cropped).jpg|[[Scania N230UD]] with Enviro400 bodywork rear </gallery> ==Second generation (2008–2018)== The second generation Enviro400 was built from 2008 to 2018. It was only built as a bus. It was made as an improvement model of the first generation Enviro400. It had [[LED]] [[daytime running light]]s under the headlights and new front bumpers. In 2015 it was replaced by the [[Alexander Dennis Enviro400 MMC]]. <gallery widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="4"> First Manchester 33736 SN12ANP (8685877847).jpg|Enviro400 operated by [[First Greater Manchester]] First Devon & Cornwall 33667 SN12 AEK rear (cropped).jpg|Enviro400 rear </gallery> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commons category-inline|Alexander Dennis Enviro400}} {{Alexander Dennis}} [[Category:Alexander Dennis buses|Enviro400]] [[Category:Low-floor buses]] [[Category:Double-decker buses]] {{transport-stub}} qn13cm93yqhe5sg7qe0g5znot9n9obp 0 589931 10368571 10072845 2025-07-03T00:23:28Z Davey2010 314522 ce 10368571 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}} {{Infobox UK Bus |name = Alexander Dennis Enviro300 |image = Minehead Avenue - First 67708 (SN60EAO).JPG |imagesize = |caption = [[Buses of Somerset]] second generation Alexander Dennis Enviro300 in [[Minehead]] in May 2018 |manufacturer = [[Alexander Dennis]] |production = 2001–2008 (1st generation)<br>2007–2015 (2nd generation) |assembly = [[Falkirk]], Scotland |class = |capacity = 43 to 80 seated |length = {{convert|11.8–12.8|m|ftin|abbr=on}} |width = {{convert|2.54|m|ftin|abbr=on}} |height = |floortype = [[Low-floor bus|Low floor]] |doors = 1 |weight = {{convert|14.4–18|t|abbr=on}} |chassis = Alexander Dennis Enviro300<br>[[MAN Truck & Bus|MAN]] 18.240<br>[[Volvo B7RLE]]<br>[[Scania K-series#Scania K UB|Scania K230UB]] |related = [[Alexander Dennis Enviro200|Enviro200]], [[Alexander Dennis Enviro400|Enviro400]], [[Alexander Dennis Enviro500|Enviro500]] |engine = [[Cummins B Series engine|Cummins ISBe]] (Enviro 300/MAN 18.240 retrofits)<br>MAN D0836 (MAN 18.240)<br>Volvo D7E (Volvo B7RLE)<br>Scania DC9/OC9 (Scania K230UB) |powerout = {{convert|185–250|hp-metric|kW|abbr=on}} |transmission = [[ZF Ecomat]]/[[ZF EcoLife|EcoLife]]<br>[[Voith DIWA]]<br>[[Allison Transmission|Allison]] |predecessor = [[Alexander ALX300]] |successor = [[Alexander Dennis Enviro200 MMC]] }} The '''Alexander Dennis Enviro300'''{{Efn|(previously known as TransBus Enviro300)}} is a [[single-decker bus|single decker]] [[bus]]. It has a [[low-floor bus|low floor]]. It was built from [[2001]] to [[2015]]. It was built by [[TransBus International]] and then [[Alexander Dennis]]. ==First generation (2001–2008)== The first generation Enviro300{{Efn|(previously known as TransBus Enviro300)}} was made from 2001 to 2008. It was made as a [[bus]], [[Coachwork|bus body]] and as a [[chassis]]. The Enviro300 [[chassis]] was built on the [[East Lancs Esteem]] bodywork.<ref>"Fleet News" ''[[Buses (magazine)|Buses]]'' issue 618 September 2006 page 46</ref> === Gallery === <gallery widths="190px" heights="130px"> File:Cardiff Bus bus 711 (CN04 NRJ), Showbus 2004.jpg|[[Cardiff Bus]] Enviro300 File:Yellow and green Enviro 300 bus in Harrow Road, Newport - geograph.org.uk - 5006664.jpg|Monmouthshire Passenger Transport Enviro300 rear </gallery> ==Second generation (2007–2015)== The second generation Enviro300 was made from 2007 to 2015. It was made as a [[bus]] and as a [[Coachwork|bus body]]. The Enviro300 body was built on the [[MAN 18.240]] [[chassis]],<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GBIMEQAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+Dennis+Enviro300+MAN+18.240&pg=PT48|title=Stagecoach Merseyside|last=Ackers|first=Simon|date=15 June 2024|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-3981-2271-0|language=en}}</ref> [[Volvo B7RLE]] chassis and the [[Scania K230UB]] chassis.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OvDUEAAAQBAJ&dq=Enviro300+Scania+K230UB&pg=PT136|title=Buses in South and West Yorkshire|last=Tucker|first=Peter|date=15 September 2023|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-3981-1408-1|language=en}}</ref> In April 2013, [[Alexander Dennis]] and [[Scania]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Scania-ADL gas-powered demonstrator nears completion|url=http://www.scania.co.uk/about-scania/media/press-releases/2013/scania-adl-gas-powered-demonstrator-nears-completion.aspx|publisher=Scania (Great Britain) Limited|access-date=25 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Scania-ADL gas-powered demonstrator takes to the road|url=http://www.scania.co.uk/about-scania/media/press-releases/2013/scania-adl-gas-powered-demonstrator-takes-to-the-road.aspx#|publisher=Scania (Great Britain) Limited|access-date=25 November 2013}}</ref> made a [[Natural gas vehicle|gas-powered]] bus called the Enviro300SG<ref>{{cite web|title=Scania-ADL gas-powered demonstrator nears completion|url=http://www.scania.co.uk/about-scania/media/press-releases/2013/scania-adl-gas-powered-demonstrator-nears-completion.aspx|access-date=25 November 2013|publisher=Scania (Great Britain) Limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Scania-ADL gas-powered demonstrator takes to the road|url=http://www.scania.co.uk/about-scania/media/press-releases/2013/scania-adl-gas-powered-demonstrator-takes-to-the-road.aspx#|access-date=25 November 2013|publisher=Scania (Great Britain) Limited}}</ref>. It was made on the [[Scania K230UB]] [[chassis]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The UK's first Scania-ADL gas-powered buses delivered to Reading Buses|url=http://www.scania.co.uk/about-scania/media/press-releases/2013/04/the-uks-first-scania-adl-gas-powered-buses-delivered-to-reading-buses.aspx|publisher=Scania (Great Britain) Limited|access-date=25 November 2013}}</ref> === Gallery === <gallery widths="190px" heights="130px"> File:Stagecoach Swindon 22626.JPG|MAN 18.240 with Enviro300 bodywork File:Reading Buses 427 on Route 3a, Friar Street (21008268411).jpg|Scania K270UB with Enviro300 bodywork File:Stagecoach South Downs 27664 GX10 KZS rear.JPG|Enviro300 rear </gallery> ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commons category-inline|Alexander Dennis Enviro300}} {{Alexander Dennis}} {{transport-stub}} [[Category:Alexander Dennis buses|Enviro300]] [[Category:Low-floor buses]] [[Category:Full-size buses]] 889c51q5vw8my67wp0qro4lfunuud5d 10368577 10368571 2025-07-03T00:26:09Z Davey2010 314522 ce 10368577 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}} {{Infobox UK Bus |name = Alexander Dennis Enviro300 |image = Minehead Avenue - First 67708 (SN60EAO).JPG |imagesize = |caption = [[Buses of Somerset]] second generation Alexander Dennis Enviro300 in [[Minehead]] in May 2018 |manufacturer = [[Alexander Dennis]] |production = 2001–2008 (1st generation)<br>2007–2015 (2nd generation) |assembly = [[Falkirk]], Scotland |class = |capacity = 43 to 80 seated |length = {{convert|11.8–12.8|m|ftin|abbr=on}} |width = {{convert|2.54|m|ftin|abbr=on}} |height = |floortype = [[Low-floor bus|Low floor]] |doors = 1 |weight = {{convert|14.4–18|t|abbr=on}} |chassis = Alexander Dennis Enviro300<br>[[MAN Truck & Bus|MAN]] 18.240<br>[[Volvo B7RLE]]<br>[[Scania K-series#Scania K UB|Scania K230UB]] |related = [[Alexander Dennis Enviro200|Enviro200]], [[Alexander Dennis Enviro400|Enviro400]], [[Alexander Dennis Enviro500|Enviro500]] |engine = [[Cummins B Series engine|Cummins ISBe]] (Enviro 300/MAN 18.240 retrofits)<br>MAN D0836 (MAN 18.240)<br>Volvo D7E (Volvo B7RLE)<br>Scania DC9/OC9 (Scania K230UB) |powerout = {{convert|185–250|hp-metric|kW|abbr=on}} |transmission = [[ZF Ecomat]]/[[ZF EcoLife|EcoLife]]<br>[[Voith DIWA]]<br>[[Allison Transmission|Allison]] |predecessor = [[Alexander ALX300]] |successor = [[Alexander Dennis Enviro200 MMC]] }} The '''Alexander Dennis Enviro300'''{{Efn|(previously known as TransBus Enviro300)}} is a [[single-decker bus|single decker]] [[bus|bus,]] [[Coachwork|body of a bus]] and [[chassis]]. It has a [[low-floor bus|low floor]]. It was built from [[2001]] to [[2015]]. It was built by [[TransBus International]] and then [[Alexander Dennis]]. ==First generation (2001–2008)== The first generation Enviro300{{Efn|(previously known as TransBus Enviro300)}} was made from 2001 to 2008. It was made as a [[bus]], [[Coachwork|body of a bus]] and as a [[chassis]]. The Enviro300 [[chassis]] was built on the [[East Lancs Esteem]] bodywork.<ref>"Fleet News" ''[[Buses (magazine)|Buses]]'' issue 618 September 2006 page 46</ref> === Gallery === <gallery widths="190px" heights="130px"> File:Cardiff Bus bus 711 (CN04 NRJ), Showbus 2004.jpg|[[Cardiff Bus]] Enviro300 File:Yellow and green Enviro 300 bus in Harrow Road, Newport - geograph.org.uk - 5006664.jpg|Monmouthshire Passenger Transport Enviro300 rear </gallery> ==Second generation (2007–2015)== The second generation Enviro300 was made from 2007 to 2015. It was made as a [[bus]] and as a [[Coachwork|body of a bus]]. The Enviro300 body was built on the [[MAN 18.240]] [[chassis]],<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GBIMEQAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+Dennis+Enviro300+MAN+18.240&pg=PT48|title=Stagecoach Merseyside|last=Ackers|first=Simon|date=15 June 2024|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-3981-2271-0|language=en}}</ref> [[Volvo B7RLE]] chassis and the [[Scania K230UB]] chassis.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OvDUEAAAQBAJ&dq=Enviro300+Scania+K230UB&pg=PT136|title=Buses in South and West Yorkshire|last=Tucker|first=Peter|date=15 September 2023|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-3981-1408-1|language=en}}</ref> In April 2013, [[Alexander Dennis]] and [[Scania]] made a [[Natural gas vehicle|gas-powered]] bus body called the Enviro300SG<ref>{{cite web|title=Scania-ADL gas-powered demonstrator nears completion|url=http://www.scania.co.uk/about-scania/media/press-releases/2013/scania-adl-gas-powered-demonstrator-nears-completion.aspx|access-date=25 November 2013|publisher=Scania (Great Britain) Limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Scania-ADL gas-powered demonstrator takes to the road|url=http://www.scania.co.uk/about-scania/media/press-releases/2013/scania-adl-gas-powered-demonstrator-takes-to-the-road.aspx#|access-date=25 November 2013|publisher=Scania (Great Britain) Limited}}</ref>. It was made on the [[Scania K230UB]] [[chassis]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The UK's first Scania-ADL gas-powered buses delivered to Reading Buses|url=http://www.scania.co.uk/about-scania/media/press-releases/2013/04/the-uks-first-scania-adl-gas-powered-buses-delivered-to-reading-buses.aspx|publisher=Scania (Great Britain) Limited|access-date=25 November 2013}}</ref> === Gallery === <gallery widths="190px" heights="130px"> File:Stagecoach Swindon 22626.JPG|MAN 18.240 with Enviro300 bodywork File:Reading Buses 427 on Route 3a, Friar Street (21008268411).jpg|Scania K270UB with Enviro300 bodywork File:Stagecoach South Downs 27664 GX10 KZS rear.JPG|Enviro300 rear </gallery> ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commons category-inline|Alexander Dennis Enviro300}} {{Alexander Dennis}} {{transport-stub}} [[Category:Alexander Dennis buses|Enviro300]] [[Category:Low-floor buses]] [[Category:Full-size buses]] 3lfq7hd434ox6pkekue5ee9dhi7x16k 10368579 10368577 2025-07-03T00:26:47Z Davey2010 314522 rm 10368579 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}} {{Infobox UK Bus |name = Alexander Dennis Enviro300 |image = Minehead Avenue - First 67708 (SN60EAO).JPG |imagesize = |caption = [[Buses of Somerset]] second generation Alexander Dennis Enviro300 in [[Minehead]] in May 2018 |manufacturer = [[Alexander Dennis]] |production = 2001–2008 (1st generation)<br>2007–2015 (2nd generation) |assembly = [[Falkirk]], Scotland |class = |capacity = 43 to 80 seated |length = {{convert|11.8–12.8|m|ftin|abbr=on}} |width = {{convert|2.54|m|ftin|abbr=on}} |height = |floortype = [[Low-floor bus|Low floor]] |doors = 1 |weight = {{convert|14.4–18|t|abbr=on}} |chassis = Alexander Dennis Enviro300<br>[[MAN Truck & Bus|MAN]] 18.240<br>[[Volvo B7RLE]]<br>[[Scania K-series#Scania K UB|Scania K230UB]] |related = [[Alexander Dennis Enviro200|Enviro200]], [[Alexander Dennis Enviro400|Enviro400]], [[Alexander Dennis Enviro500|Enviro500]] |engine = [[Cummins B Series engine|Cummins ISBe]] (Enviro 300/MAN 18.240 retrofits)<br>MAN D0836 (MAN 18.240)<br>Volvo D7E (Volvo B7RLE)<br>Scania DC9/OC9 (Scania K230UB) |powerout = {{convert|185–250|hp-metric|kW|abbr=on}} |transmission = [[ZF Ecomat]]/[[ZF EcoLife|EcoLife]]<br>[[Voith DIWA]]<br>[[Allison Transmission|Allison]] |predecessor = [[Alexander ALX300]] |successor = [[Alexander Dennis Enviro200 MMC]] }} The '''Alexander Dennis Enviro300'''{{Efn|(previously known as TransBus Enviro300)}} is a [[single-decker bus|single decker]] [[bus]] [[Coachwork|body of a bus]] and [[chassis]]. It has a [[low-floor bus|low floor]]. It was built from [[2001]] to [[2015]]. It was built by [[TransBus International]] and then [[Alexander Dennis]]. ==First generation (2001–2008)== The first generation Enviro300{{Efn|(previously known as TransBus Enviro300)}} was made from 2001 to 2008. It was made as a [[bus]], [[Coachwork|body of a bus]] and as a [[chassis]]. The Enviro300 [[chassis]] was built on the [[East Lancs Esteem]] bodywork.<ref>"Fleet News" ''[[Buses (magazine)|Buses]]'' issue 618 September 2006 page 46</ref> === Gallery === <gallery widths="190px" heights="130px"> File:Cardiff Bus bus 711 (CN04 NRJ), Showbus 2004.jpg|[[Cardiff Bus]] Enviro300 File:Yellow and green Enviro 300 bus in Harrow Road, Newport - geograph.org.uk - 5006664.jpg|Monmouthshire Passenger Transport Enviro300 rear </gallery> ==Second generation (2007–2015)== The second generation Enviro300 was made from 2007 to 2015. It was made as a [[bus]] and as a [[Coachwork|body of a bus]]. The Enviro300 body was built on the [[MAN 18.240]] [[chassis]],<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GBIMEQAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+Dennis+Enviro300+MAN+18.240&pg=PT48|title=Stagecoach Merseyside|last=Ackers|first=Simon|date=15 June 2024|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-3981-2271-0|language=en}}</ref> [[Volvo B7RLE]] chassis and the [[Scania K230UB]] chassis.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OvDUEAAAQBAJ&dq=Enviro300+Scania+K230UB&pg=PT136|title=Buses in South and West Yorkshire|last=Tucker|first=Peter|date=15 September 2023|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-3981-1408-1|language=en}}</ref> In April 2013, [[Alexander Dennis]] and [[Scania]] made a [[Natural gas vehicle|gas-powered]] bus body called the Enviro300SG<ref>{{cite web|title=Scania-ADL gas-powered demonstrator nears completion|url=http://www.scania.co.uk/about-scania/media/press-releases/2013/scania-adl-gas-powered-demonstrator-nears-completion.aspx|access-date=25 November 2013|publisher=Scania (Great Britain) Limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Scania-ADL gas-powered demonstrator takes to the road|url=http://www.scania.co.uk/about-scania/media/press-releases/2013/scania-adl-gas-powered-demonstrator-takes-to-the-road.aspx#|access-date=25 November 2013|publisher=Scania (Great Britain) Limited}}</ref>. It was made on the [[Scania K230UB]] [[chassis]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The UK's first Scania-ADL gas-powered buses delivered to Reading Buses|url=http://www.scania.co.uk/about-scania/media/press-releases/2013/04/the-uks-first-scania-adl-gas-powered-buses-delivered-to-reading-buses.aspx|publisher=Scania (Great Britain) Limited|access-date=25 November 2013}}</ref> === Gallery === <gallery widths="190px" heights="130px"> File:Stagecoach Swindon 22626.JPG|MAN 18.240 with Enviro300 bodywork File:Reading Buses 427 on Route 3a, Friar Street (21008268411).jpg|Scania K270UB with Enviro300 bodywork File:Stagecoach South Downs 27664 GX10 KZS rear.JPG|Enviro300 rear </gallery> ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commons category-inline|Alexander Dennis Enviro300}} {{Alexander Dennis}} {{transport-stub}} [[Category:Alexander Dennis buses|Enviro300]] [[Category:Low-floor buses]] [[Category:Full-size buses]] 4tu0lfzcxa7zrs8tkno1d746bbm9r75 0 590164 10368301 9791519 2025-07-02T21:45:35Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Oron-la-Ville-coat of arms.svg]] → [[File:CHE Oron-la-Ville COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10368301 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Karte Bezirk Lavaux-Oron 2008.png|thumb|300px|Map of the district of Lavaux-Oron]] The '''Lavaux-Oron District''' ({{lang-fr|District de Lavaux-Oron}}) is a [[district]] in the [[Swiss]] [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Vaud]]. The capital is the town of [[Cully, Vaud|Cully]]. {|class ="wikitable sortable" !Coat of arms !Name !Population (31 Dec 2015) !Area in km² |- | align="center" | [[Image:Belmont-sur-Lausanne-coat of arms.svg|35px|Belmont-sur-Lausanne]] || [[Belmont-sur-Lausanne]] || align="center" | 3604 || align="center" | 1.16 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Bussigny-sur-Oron-coat of arms.svg|35px|Bussigny-sur-Oron]] || [[Bussigny-sur-Oron]] || align="center" | 77 || align="center" | 4.25 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Chatillens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Châtillens]] || [[Châtillens]] || align="center" | 492 || align="center" | 2.11 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Chesalles-sur-Oron-coat of arms.svg|35px|Chesalles-sur-Oron]] || [[Chesalles-sur-Oron]] || align="center" | 189 || align="center" | 2.00 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Chexbres COA.svg|35px|Chexbres]] || [[Chexbres]] || align="center" | 2216 || align="center" | 2.14 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Les Cullayes-coat of arms.svg|35px|Les Cullayes]] || [[Les Cullayes]] || align="center" | 674 || align="center" | 2.12 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Cully-coat of arms.svg|35px|Cully]] || [[Cully, Vaud|Cully]] || align="center" | 1785 || align="center" | 2.38 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Ecoteaux-coat of arms.svg|35px|Ecoteaux]] || [[Ecoteaux]] || align="center | 356 || align="center" | 3.56 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Epesses-coat of arms.svg|35px|Epesses]] || [[Epesses]] || align="center" | 332 || align="center" | 1.59 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Essertes-coat of arms.svg|35px|Essertes]] || [[Essertes]] || align="center" | 330 || align="center" | 1.65 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Ferlens-coat of arms.svg|35px|Ferlens]] || [[Ferlens]] || align="center" | 335 || align="center" | 2.17 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Forel-coat of arms.svg|35px|Forel (Lavaux)]] || [[Forel (Lavaux)]] || align="center" | 2091 || align="center" | 18.51 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Grandvaux-coat of arms.svg|35px|Grandvaux]] || [[Grandvaux, Switzerland|Grandvaux]] || align="center" | 1985 || align="center" | 2.94 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Lutry COA.svg|35px|Lutry]] || [[Lutry]] || align="center" | 9747 || align="center" | 8.45 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Maracon-coat of arms.svg|35px|Maracon]] || [[Maracon]] || align="center" | 444 || align="center" | 4.38 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Mezieres-coat of arms.svg|35px|Mézières]] || [[Mézières, Vaud|Mézières]] || align="center" | 1216 || align="center" | 3.48 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Montpreveyres-coat of arms.svg|35px|Montpreveyres]] || [[Montpreveyres]] || align="center" | 626 || align="center" | 4.10 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Oron-la-Ville COA.svg|35px|Oron-la-Ville]] || [[Oron-la-Ville]] || align="center" | 1438 || align="center" | 3.10 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Oron-le-Chatel-coat of arms.svg|35px|Oron-le-Châtel]] || [[Oron-le-Châtel]] || align="center" | 293 || align="center" | 1.26 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Palezieux-coat of arms.svg|35px|Palézieux]] || [[Palézieux]] || align="center" | 1326 || align="center" | 5.78 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Paudex-coat of arms.svg|35px|Paudex]] || [[Paudex]] || align="center" | 1492 || align="center" | 0.48 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Puidoux COA.svg|35px|Puidoux]] || [[Puidoux]] || align="center" | 2854 || align="center" | 22.89 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Pully COA.svg|35px|Pully]] || [[Pully]] || align="center" | 17807 || align="center" | 5.85 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Bourg-en-Lavaux-coat of arms.svg|35px|Riex]] || [[Riex]] || align="center" | 269 || align="center" | 1.37 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Rivaz COA.svg|35px|Rivaz]] || [[Rivaz]] || align="center" | 363 || align="center" | 0.31 |- | align="center" | [[Image:CHE Saint-Saphorin COA.svg|35px|Saint-Saphorin (Lavaux)]] || [[Saint-Saphorin (Lavaux)]] || align="center" | 384 || align="center" | 0.89 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Savigny-coat of arms.svg|35px|Savigny]] || [[Savigny, Switzerland|Savigny]] || align="center" | 3342 || align="center" | 16.02 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Servion-coat of arms.svg|35px|Servion]] || [[Servion]] || align="center" | 1906 || align="center" | 4.21 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Les Tavernes-coat of arms.svg|35px|Les Tavernes]] || [[Les Tavernes]] || align="center" | 130 || align="center" | 2.29 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Les Thioleyres-coat of arms.svg|35px|Les Thioleyres]] || [[Les Thioleyres]] || align="center" | 213 || align="center" | 1.93 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Villette-coat of arms.svg|35px|Villette (Lavaux)]] || [[Villette (Lavaux)]] || align="center" | 581 || align="center" | 1.37 |- | align="center" | [[Image:Vuibroye-coat of arms.svg|35px|Vuibroye]] || [[Vuibroye]] || align="center" | 128 || align="center" | 1.40 |- |} {{Switzerland-stub}} [[Category:2008 establishments in Switzerland]] [[Category:Lavaux-Oron (district)]] j3rhk6bmq2a2wueeujkzuj1lrj2q6oo 0 590626 10368163 10239054 2025-07-02T19:50:48Z 2001:569:BC15:6100:7412:A1EA:F9E0:D569 10368163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = This Is How We Do | cover = | alt = | type = | artist = [[Katy Perry]] | album = [[Prism (album)|Prism]] | EP = | written = | published = | released = August 11, 2014 | format = | recorded = | studio = * Apmamman (Stockholm, Sweden)<ref name="LinerNotes">{{cite AV media notes|title=Prism|others=Katy Perry|year=2013|publisher=[[Capitol Records]]|location=United States}}</ref> * [[Conway Recording Studios]] (Los Angeles, CA)<ref name="LinerNotes">{{cite AV media notes|title=Prism|others=Katy Perry|year=2013|publisher=[[Capitol Records]]|location=United States}}</ref> * [[MXM Studios]] (Stockholm, Sweden)<ref name="LinerNotes">{{cite AV media notes|title=Prism|others=Katy Perry|year=2013|publisher=[[Capitol Records]]|location=United States}}</ref> | venue = | genre = {{hlist|[[Dance-pop]]|[[electropop]]}} | length = 3:24 | label = [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] | writer = {{hlist|Katy Perry|[[Max Martin]]|Klas Åhlund}} | composer = | lyricist = | producer = {{hlist|Max Martin|Klas Åhlund}} | prev_title = [[Birthday (song)|Birthday]] | prev_year = 2014 | title = | next_title = [[Rise (Katy Perry song)|Rise]] | next_year = 2016 | misc = {{External music video|1={{YouTube|7RMQksXpQSk|"This Is How We Do"}}}} }} "'''This is How We Do'''" is a [[dance-pop]] and [[electropop]] song from [[Americans|American]] [[singer]] and [[songwriter]] [[Katy Perry]]. It comes off her fourth [[studio album]] ''[[Prism (album)|Prism]]'' (2013).<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Katy Perry's PRISM|magazine=Billboard|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/5740580/katy-perrys-prism-the-billboard-cover-story|access-date=July 6, 2017}}</ref> The song was released on August 11, 2014. It was the fifth and final [[single (music)|single]] from the album. The remix has the rapper [[Riff Raff]] rapping on it. She wrote the song with longtime collaborators [[Max Martin]] and Klas Åhlund, who produced it.<ref>{{Cite news|last=GabeExplosion|date=2015-12-18|title=Katy Perry "PRISM" Digital Booklet|url=https://www.slideshare.net/GabeExplosion/katy-perry-prism-digital-booklet}}</ref> Commercially, the song hit the top ten in [[Canada]] and [[Israel]]. It also hit the top 30 in the [[United States]], [[Sweden]], [[Venezuela]], [[Finland]] and [[Scotland]]. It was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipments of over one million copies in the US alone.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&se=katy+perry&col=title&ord=desc#search_section|title=Gold & Platinum - RIAA|work=RIAA|access-date=2018-03-14|language=en-US}}</ref> The song is about Perry's hangout routine with her friends. The video has Perry getting her nails painted and doing [[karaoke]] with her friends. Perry was accused of cultural appropriation for wearing black cornrows.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/elliewoodward/katy-perry-addressed-cultural-appropriation-and-people-have?utm_term=.syR4oYNgL#.fp427WeNK|title=Katy Perry Addressed Her Cultural Appropriation And Things Escalated|work=BuzzFeed|access-date=2018-03-14|language=en}}</ref> The video has received over 600 million views on YouTube as of March 2018. == Music video == The music video starts with an old man looking at a painting that turns out to be Perry.<ref>{{Cite web|title=On Air with Ryan Seacrest - News & more from the live radio show|url=https://onairwithryan.iheart.com/|access-date=2025-05-06|website=On Air with Ryan Seacrest|language=en}}</ref> She appears with model Aglae Kounkou and dancer Leah Adler in different settings like a kitchen, a ping pong table, a bathtub, and an ice cream truck. Male dancers in grey suits and red bowties move props around. In one scene, young people float in the air with food flying around, and Perry is seen on a Skype call. The video ends with cartoon [[ice cream]], [[pizza]], and [[watermelon]] dancing. ==References== <references/> == Other websites == * {{Youtube|PGi2Zg2DK0Q|Lyric Video}} * {{Youtube|7RMQksXpQSk|Music Video}} {{Katy Perry}} [[Category:Katy Perry songs]] [[Category:Pop songs]] [[Category:2014 songs]] cdw0cegjr72s8oflm610s6wlzk9pca0 0 590675 10369248 9075449 2025-07-03T08:56:24Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Faoug-coat of arms.svg]] → [[File:CHE Faoug COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10369248 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Faoug | municipality_name = Faoug | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Faoug.jpg | image_caption = Faoug | imagepath_coa = CHE Faoug COA.svg |pixel_coa= | map = Karte Gemeinde Faoug.png | languages = French | canton = Vaud | iso-code-region = CH-VD | district = [[Broye-Vully (district)|Broye-Vully]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|55|N|07|05|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 1595 | municipality_code = 5458 | area = 3.45 | elevation = 449|elevation_description= | population = 594|populationof=2003 | website = www.faoug.ch | mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = Syndic |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Avenches]], [[Clavaleyres]] (BE), [[Courgevaux]] (FR), [[Greng]] (FR), [[Haut-Vully]] (FR), [[Mur, Switzerland|Mur]], [[Vallamand]], [[Villarepos]] (FR) | twintowns = }} '''Faoug''' is a [[municipality]] in the [[district]] of [[Broye-Vully (district)|Broye-Vully]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Vaud]] in [[Switzerland]]. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commonscat-inline|Faoug}} * [http://www.faoug.ch Official Website] {{in lang|fr}} {{Switzerland-stub}} [[Category:Municipalities in Broye-Vully]] lvr3vrevgkzcgtdwnfswmuv7l13qt8y 0 591454 10367591 10242067 2025-07-02T12:14:12Z 2601:985:C01:9360:78E9:49D:7BB6:269B 10367591 wikitext text/x-wiki Subedi (Chhetri) ({{lang-ne|बाहुन}}) are group of people belonging to [[Brahmin|Hindu religious. They are Brown Skin]] caste. [[Hindus]].<ref>{{cite book| last1 = Serchan| first1 = Sanjaya| title = Democracy, Pluralism and Change| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-SyOAAAAMAAJ| year = 2001| isbn = 978-99933-54-39-0 }}</ref> ==Bahun family names== Acharya, Adhikari, Amgain/Apagain, Aryal/Arjyel, Awasthi, Banjara, Bajgain, Banjade, Banskota, Banstola, Baral, Bartaula, Bastakoti, Brahmin Bhandari('''not to be mistaken from Chhetri Bhandari'''), Bhatta, [[Bhattarai]], Bhurtel, Bhusal, Chalise, Chataut, Chapagain, Chaugain, Chaulagain, Dangal, Dahal, Dawadi/Duwadi, Devkota, Dhakal, Dhital, Dhungana, Dhungel, Dixit, Dulal, Dumre, Gaire, Gautam, Ghimire, Ghorasaini, Guragain, Gyawali, Humagain, Jamarkattel, Joshi, Kafle, Kalauni, Kattel, Khanal, Khaniya, Kharel/Kharal, Kuikel, Khatiwada, Koirala, Lamichhane, Lamsal, Lekhak, Lohani, Luintel, Mainali, Marasini, Mishra, Nepal, Neupane, Niroula, Ojha, Oli, Padhya, Pandit, Paneru, Panta, Parajuli, Pathak, Phuyal, Pokharel/Pokhrel, Poudel/Paudyal/Poudar(hill), Prasain, Pudasaini, Pyakurel, Rijal, Rimal, Risal, Regmi, Rupakheti, Sanjel, Sangroula, Sapkota, Sedhain, Sharma, Shiwakoti, Sigdel, Sitoula, Silwal, Subedi, Timsina/Timalsina/Timilsina, Tiwari, Tripathi, Trital, Upadhyaya, Upreti, Wagle, Wasti/Osti etc == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Castes]] [[Category:Politics of Nepal]] r6si9735am4x6z7p9j542qlfjk7yydb 10367597 10367591 2025-07-02T12:17:18Z MathXplore 966595 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/2601:985:C01:9360:78E9:49D:7BB6:269B|2601:985:C01:9360:78E9:49D:7BB6:269B]] ([[User talk:2601:985:C01:9360:78E9:49D:7BB6:269B|talk]]) to last version by 2404:7C00:43:9062:1824:500A:D6A3:C780 10242067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Bahun (Pahadi Brahmin/Nepali Brahmin) | native_name = बाहुन (पहाडी ब्राह्मण/नेपाली ब्राह्मण)<br>''Bāhuna'' it (''pahāḍī brāhmaṇa/nēpālī brāhmaṇa'') | image = <div style="white-space:nowrap;"> [[File:Ranganath Paudyal.jpg|x140px]][[File:Bhanubhakta Acharya.jpg|x140px]][[File:Lekhnath Paudyal.jpg|x140px]] <br /> [[File:BP Koirala.jpg|x120px]][[File:Sugam-Pokharel.jpg|x120px]][[File:Bollywood Actress Manisha Koirala.jpg|x120px]]</div> | image_caption = <small>Top: [[Ranganath Paudyal]]{{·}}[[Bhanubhakta Acharya]]{{·}}[[Lekhnath Paudyal]]<br /> Bottom: [[BP Koirala]]{{·}}[[Sugam Pokharel]]{{·}}[[Manisha Koirala]]</small> | population = 32 lakhs (12.2% of Nepal), as per Nepal Census 2011 | regions = {{flag|Nepal}} | languages = [[Sanskrit language]] as mother tongue | religions = [[Hinduism]] (99% approx.) | related = [[Brahmin]] }} '''Bahun''' ('''Brahmin''') ({{lang-ne|बाहुन}}) are group of people belonging to [[Brahmin]] caste in an [[Indo-Aryan]] ethno-linguistic group. Generally, the Parvate/Pahari (hilly) Brahmins are called as Bahuns or Brahmins. They are Sub caste of the [[Kanyakubja Brahmin]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Declan Quigley |first=David Gellner |url=https://archive.org/details/ContestedHierarchiesACollaborativeEthnographyOfCasteAmongTheNewarsOfKathmanduEdi/page/n166/mode/1up?q=Bahun+Kanyakubja |title=Contested Hierarchies: A Collaborative Ethnography of Caste Among the Newars of Kathmandu. edited by David Gellner & Declan Quigley |page=199|date=2017 |publisher=Macmillan and Company limited|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Chaturvedi |first=Shyam lal |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/In_Fraternity_with_Nepal/91ACAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=In Fraternity with Nepal, An Account of the Activities Under the Auspices of the Wider Life Movement for the Furtherance and Consolidation of the Indo-Nepalese Cultural Fellowship |page=65|date=1945|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hachhethu |first=Krishna |url=https://www.google.ru/books/edition/Nation_Building_and_Federalism_in_Nepal/fe3DEAAAQBAJ?hl=en |title=Nation-Building and Federalism in Nepal|page=40|date=2023|language=en}}</ref> Bahuns mainly served as priests, teachers and astrologers as per their caste. Bahuns were able to hold government offices, administration and politics. [[File:Gaze of a priest.JPG|thumb|Bahun (priest) with traditional Dhaka topi]] According to 1854 ''Muluki Ain'' (Legal Code) of Nepal, Bahuns belong to ''sacred thread bearers'' (Yagyopavit) and ''twice born'' (Dvija) [[Hindus]].<ref>{{cite book| last1 = Serchan| first1 = Sanjaya| title = Democracy, Pluralism and Change| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-SyOAAAAMAAJ| year = 2001| isbn = 978-99933-54-39-0 }}</ref> ==Bahun family names== Acharya, Adhikari, Amgain/Apagain, Aryal/Arjyel, Awasthi, Banjara, Bajgain, Banjade, Banskota, Banstola, Baral, Bartaula, Bastakoti, Brahmin Bhandari('''not to be mistaken from Chhetri Bhandari'''), Bhatta, [[Bhattarai]], Bhurtel, Bhusal, Chalise, Chataut, Chapagain, Chaugain, Chaulagain, Dangal, Dahal, Dawadi/Duwadi, Devkota, Dhakal, Dhital, Dhungana, Dhungel, Dixit, Dulal, Dumre, Gaire, Gautam, Ghimire, Ghorasaini, Guragain, Gyawali, Humagain, Jamarkattel, Joshi, Kafle, Kalauni, Kattel, Khanal, Khaniya, Kharel/Kharal, Kuikel, Khatiwada, Koirala, Lamichhane, Lamsal, Lekhak, Lohani, Luintel, Mainali, Marasini, Mishra, Nepal, Neupane, Niroula, Ojha, Oli, Padhya, Pandit, Paneru, Panta, Parajuli, Pathak, Phuyal, Pokharel/Pokhrel, Poudel/Paudyal/Poudar(hill), Prasain, Pudasaini, Pyakurel, Rijal, Rimal, Risal, Regmi, Rupakheti, Sanjel, Sangroula, Sapkota, Sedhain, Sharma, Shiwakoti, Sigdel, Sitoula, Silwal, Subedi, Timsina/Timalsina/Timilsina, Tiwari, Tripathi, Trital, Upadhyaya, Upreti, Wagle, Wasti/Osti etc == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Castes]] [[Category:Politics of Nepal]] ex6ol7aha6237q9ukwven947ks4vgjt 0 591456 10367776 10096766 2025-07-02T15:13:57Z Davey2010 314522 ce 10367776 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}} {{Infobox automobile | background = | name = Alexander ALX100 | image = Arriva Midlands North 1159.jpg | caption = [[Arriva Midlands North]] Mercedes-Benz Vario with ALX100 bodywork in 2005 | manufacturer = [[Walter Alexander Coachbuilders|Alexander]] | production = 1997–1999 | assembly = [[Falkirk]], Scotland | successor = [[Plaxton Beaver]] (spiritual only, after the Transbus takeover) | capacity = | length = {{convert|7.0–7.9|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|2.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | height = {{convert|3.0|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | floortype = [[High-floor|Step entrance]] | doors = 1 door | weight = | chassis = [[Mercedes-Benz Vario]] | related = [[Alexander ALX200|ALX200]], [[Alexander ALX300|ALX300]], [[Alexander ALX400|ALX400]], [[Alexander ALX500|ALX500]] | engine = [[Mercedes-Benz]] OM904LA | powerout = | transmission = [[Mercedes-Benz]] manual<br>[[Allison Transmission|Allison]] AT542 automatic }} The '''Alexander ALX100''' was a [[coachwork|body]] of a [[minibus]], It had a [[Step entrance bus|step entrance]]. It was built from 1997 to 1999 by [[Walter Alexander Coachbuilders|Alexander]]. The ALX100 body was built on the [[Mercedes-Benz Vario|Mercedes-Benz O814D Vario]] [[chassis]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F9r-EAAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+ALX100&pg=PT53|title=Oxford and South Midland Buses|last=Cooper|first=Matt|date=15 August 2022|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-3981-1119-6|language=en}}</ref> and the O810D [[van]] chassis.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Devoy |first1=David |title=Glasgow and Dunbartonshire Independents |date=2017 |publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-4456-7447-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u5RzEAAAQBAJ&dq=alexander+alx100+O810D&pg=PT149 |accessdate=7 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref> The ALX100 was nearly the same as the bus body [[Plaxton Beaver 2]], which was also made on the [[Mercedes-Benz Vario]] chassis. ==References== {{reflist}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fkf2EAAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+ALX100&pg=PA64|title=The Mercedes Benz Midibus|last1=Macfarlane|first1=Allan|date=12 October 2023|publisher=Pen and Sword Transport|isbn=978-1-3990-2356-6|language=en}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0QtDEAAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+ALX100&pg=PT4|title=London's ALX400 Buses|last1=Beddall|first1=David|date=15 September 2021|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-3981-0631-4|language=en}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u5RzEAAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+ALX100&pg=PT65|title=Glasgow and Dunbartonshire Independents|last1=Devoy|first1=David|date=15 September 2017|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-4456-7447-6|language=en}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F9r-EAAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+ALX100&pg=PT53|title=Oxford and South Midland Buses|last1=Cooper|first1=Matt|date=15 August 2022|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-3981-1119-6|language=en}} ==Other websites== *{{commons category-inline|Alexander ALX100}} {{Walter Alexander vehicle bodies}} {{Alexander Dennis}} {{transport-stub}} [[Category:Alexander Dennis buses|ALX100]] [[Category:Minibuses]] 4nusp6ewun1eqmby7frvjcqq06j6alo 0 591474 10367718 10096767 2025-07-02T13:53:18Z Davey2010 314522 ce 10367718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}} {{Infobox automobile | background = | name = Alexander ALX200 | image = Arriva Buses Wales Cymru 2313 R313CVU (8566574712).jpg | imagesize = | caption = [[Arriva Buses Wales]] [[Dennis Dart SLF]] with ALX200 bodywork in 2013 | manufacturer = [[Walter Alexander Coachbuilders|Alexander]]/TransBus | production = 1996–2001 | factory = [[Falkirk]], [[Scotland]] | predecessor = [[Alexander Dash]] | successor = [[Plaxton Pointer]] | capacity = | length = {{convert|8.8–10.7|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | width = around {{convert|2.4|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | height = {{convert|3.0|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | floortype = [[Low-floor bus|Low floor]] | doors = 1 or 2 doors | weight = | chassis = [[Dennis Dart SLF]]<ref name="ALX200 Dennis Dart SLF book" /><br>[[Volvo B6LE]]<ref name="ALX200 Volvo book" /> | engine = [[Cummins B Series engine|Cummins B Series]] (Dennis Dart SLF)<br>Volvo D6A (Volvo B6LE) | powerout = | transmission = Allison/ZF }} The '''Alexander ALX200'''{{Efn|(later known as the TransBus ALX200)}} was a [[Single-decker bus|single-decker]] [[Bodywork|body]] of a [[bus]], It had a [[Low-floor bus|low-floor]]. It was built from [[1996]] to [[2001]] by [[Walter Alexander Coachbuilders|Alexander]]. The ALX200 body was built on the [[Dennis Dart SLF]] [[chassis]]<ref name="ALX200 Dennis Dart SLF book">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=luKGCgAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander%20ALX200%20Dennis%20Dart%20SLF&pg=PA1977|title=Lanarkshire Independents|last=Devoy|first=David|date=15 September 2015|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-4456-5250-4|language=en}}</ref> and the [[Volvo B6LE]] chassis.<ref name="ALX200 Volvo book">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t5OSDwAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander%20ALX200%20Volvo%20B6LE&pg=PA2015-IA19|title=The McKindless Group|last=Devoy|first=David|date=15 April 2019|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-4456-9116-9|language=en}}</ref> ==Gallery== <gallery widths="190px" heights="130px"> File:East London 34346 Y346 FJN.JPG|[[East London (bus company)|East London]] [[Dennis Dart SLF]] with ALX200 bodywork with double doors (doors in the middle) in London File:Arriva 5855.JPG|[[Arriva Personenvervoer Nederland|Arriva Nederlands]] [[Dennis Dart SLF]] with ALX200 bodywork File:Shamrock Buses 212 JFR 13W rear badges.JPG|The ALX200 badge </gallery> ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commons category-inline|Alexander ALX200}} {{Walter Alexander vehicle bodies}} [[Category:Alexander Dennis buses|ALX200]] [[Category:Low-floor buses]] {{transport-stub}} k4jurv70gf9jo83a2cmg9s8ejc9m7nn 0 591484 10367671 10096769 2025-07-02T13:24:06Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10367671 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}} {{Infobox automobile |name = Alexander ALX300 |image = Stagecoach Wigan 22308 AE51RYD (8542577852).jpg |caption = [[Stagecoach Merseyside & South Lancashire]] [[MAN Truck & Bus|MAN]] 18.220 with ALX300 bodywork in March 2013 |manufacturer = [[Walter Alexander Coachbuilders]]<br>TransBus<br>[[Alexander Dennis]] |production = 1997–2007 |factory = [[Falkirk]], Scotland |capacity = 34 to 41 seated |length = 10.7m to 11.5m |width = 2.50m |height = 3.00m |floortype = [[Low-floor bus|Low floor]] |doors = 1 |weight = |chassis = [[DAF SB220]]<br>[[MAN Truck & Bus|MAN]] 18.220<br>[[Volvo B10BLE]] |related = [[Alexander ALX100|ALX100]], [[Alexander ALX200|ALX200]], [[Alexander ALX400|ALX400]], [[Alexander ALX500|ALX500]] |predecessor = [[Alexander Strider]]<br>[[Alexander PS type]] |successor = [[Alexander Dennis Enviro300]]}} [[File:Stagecoach in Newcastle bus 22493 MAN Alexander ALX300 T493 BNL in Newcastle 3 April 2009.JPG|thumb|left|[[Stagecoach in Newcastle]] [[MAN 18.220]] with ALX300 bodywork rear]] The '''Alexander ALX300'''{{Efn|(later known as the TransBus ALX300 and the Alexander Dennis ALX300)}} is a [[single-decker bus|single-decker]] [[Bodywork|body]] of a [[bus]]. It had a [[Low floor bus|low floor]]. It was built from 1997 to 2007. It was built by [[Walter Alexander Coachbuilders|Alexander]] and then [[Transbus International]] and then [[Alexander Dennis]]. The ALX300 body could be built on the [[MAN 18.220]] chassis,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F9r-EAAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+ALX300+MAN+18.220&pg=PT37|title=Oxford and South Midland Buses|last=Cooper|first=Matt|date=15 August 2022|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-3981-1119-6|language=en}}</ref> [[Volvo B10BLE]] chassis<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aebRDwAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+ALX300+Volvo+B10BLE&pg=PT166|title=British Independent Buses in the 2000s|last=Stubbings|first=Richard|date=15 February 2020|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-4456-8620-2|language=en}}</ref> and [[DAF SB220]] chassis.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-09-12|title=Coach & Bus Week : Issue 1053|url=https://issuu.com/rouncymedia/docs/binder1053_1/58|access-date=2024-11-07|website=issuu.com|page=58|language=en|issn=1351-3877|archive-date=2024-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241223033441/https://issuu.com/rouncymedia/docs/binder1053_1/58|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Better source}} == Notes == {{Notelist}} == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commons category-inline}} {{Walter Alexander vehicle bodies}} {{Alexander Dennis}} [[Category:Alexander Dennis buses|ALX300]] [[Category:Low-floor buses]] {{transport-stub}} 8wpr8h8yrsz3vsmqzoju1v07lxfh8as 10367683 10367671 2025-07-02T13:29:53Z Davey2010 314522 ce 10367683 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}} {{Infobox automobile |name = Alexander ALX300 |image = Stagecoach Wigan 22308 AE51RYD (8542577852).jpg |caption = [[Stagecoach Merseyside & South Lancashire]] [[MAN Truck & Bus|MAN]] 18.220 with ALX300 bodywork in March 2013 |manufacturer = [[Walter Alexander Coachbuilders]]<br>TransBus<br>[[Alexander Dennis]] |production = 1997–2007 |factory = [[Falkirk]], Scotland |capacity = 34 to 41 seated |length = 10.7m to 11.5m |width = 2.50m |height = 3.00m |floortype = [[Low-floor bus|Low floor]] |doors = 1 |weight = |chassis = [[DAF SB220]]<br>[[MAN Truck & Bus|MAN]] 18.220<br>[[Volvo B10BLE]] |related = [[Alexander ALX100|ALX100]], [[Alexander ALX200|ALX200]], [[Alexander ALX400|ALX400]], [[Alexander ALX500|ALX500]] |predecessor = [[Alexander Strider]]<br>[[Alexander PS type]] |successor = [[Alexander Dennis Enviro300]]}} [[File:Stagecoach in Newcastle bus 22493 MAN Alexander ALX300 T493 BNL in Newcastle 3 April 2009.JPG|thumb|left|[[Stagecoach in Newcastle]] [[MAN 18.220]] with ALX300 bodywork rear]] The '''Alexander ALX300'''{{Efn|(later known as the TransBus ALX300 and the Alexander Dennis ALX300)}} is a [[single-decker bus|single-decker]] [[Bodywork|body]] of a [[bus]]. It had a [[Low floor bus|low floor]]. It was built from 1997 to 2007. It was built by [[Walter Alexander Coachbuilders|Alexander]] and then [[Transbus International]] and then [[Alexander Dennis]]. The ALX300 body was built on the [[MAN 18.220]] [[chassis]],<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F9r-EAAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+ALX300+MAN+18.220&pg=PT37|title=Oxford and South Midland Buses|last=Cooper|first=Matt|date=15 August 2022|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-3981-1119-6|language=en}}</ref> [[Volvo B10BLE]] chassis<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aebRDwAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+ALX300+Volvo+B10BLE&pg=PT166|title=British Independent Buses in the 2000s|last=Stubbings|first=Richard|date=15 February 2020|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-4456-8620-2|language=en}}</ref> and [[DAF SB220]] chassis.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-09-12|title=Coach & Bus Week : Issue 1053|url=https://issuu.com/rouncymedia/docs/binder1053_1/58|access-date=2024-11-07|website=issuu.com|page=58|language=en|issn=1351-3877|archive-date=2024-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241223033441/https://issuu.com/rouncymedia/docs/binder1053_1/58|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Better source}} == Notes == {{Notelist}} == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commons category-inline}} {{Walter Alexander vehicle bodies}} {{Alexander Dennis}} [[Category:Alexander Dennis buses|ALX300]] [[Category:Low-floor buses]] {{transport-stub}} su24dp3ao1svnp2ug3m0o4wamrgo5d5 0 591489 10367780 10096774 2025-07-02T15:15:31Z Davey2010 314522 ce 10367780 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}} {{Infobox UK Bus | name = Alexander ALX400 | image = Stagecoach A1 Service bus.JPG | caption = [[Stagecoach West Scotland]] Transbus ALX400 with [[Dennis Trident 2]] bodywork in 2004 | manufacturer = [[Walter Alexander Coachbuilders|Alexander]]<br>TransBus<br>[[Alexander Dennis]] | production = 1997–2006 | factory = [[Falkirk]], Scotland<br>[[Belfast]], Northern Ireland | replaced = [[Alexander R Type]] | capacity = | length = {{convert|9.9–11.0|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|2.55|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | height = up to {{convert|4.39|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|title=(West Midlands Travel Limited 4355-BX02AVL)|url=https://c1.staticflickr.com/3/2897/14569446133_1ff9c02a1c_b.jpg|access-date=4 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504131825/https://c1.staticflickr.com/3/2897/14569446133_1ff9c02a1c_b.jpg|archive-date=4 May 2018}}</ref> | floortype = [[Low-floor bus|Low floor]] | doors = 1 or 2 doors | weight = | chassis = [[Dennis Trident 2]]<ref name=DennisTrident /><br>[[Volvo B7TL]]<ref name=VolvoB7TL /><br>[[VDL DB250|DAF DB250]]<ref name=DAFDB250 /> | engine = Cummins C Series/ISCe ([[Dennis Trident 2]])<br>Volvo D7C ([[Volvo B7TL]])<br>DAF ([[VDL DB250]]) | powerout = | transmission = }} The '''Alexander ALX400'''{{Efn|(later known as the TransBus ALX400 and the Alexander Dennis ALX400)}} is a [[double-decker bus|double-decker]] [[coachwork|body]] of a [[bus]]. It has a [[low-floor bus|low-floor]]. It was made from 1997 to 2006 by [[TransBus International]] and then [[Walter Alexander Coachbuilders|Alexander]] and then [[Alexander Dennis]]. The ALX400 body was built on the [[Dennis Trident 2]] [[chassis]],<ref name="DennisTrident">{{cite book| last1 = Webb| first1 = Mary| last2 = Clarke| first2 = Jackie| title = Jane's Urban Transport Systems| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=oo5UAAAAMAAJ| access-date = 17 February 2016| date = 2007| publisher = Jane's Information Group| page = 376 | isbn = 9780710628169}}</ref> [[Volvo B7TL]] chassis,<ref name="VolvoB7TL">{{cite book| last1 = Collins| first1 = Michael| title = Rail Versus Road in Ireland, 1900-2000| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=nM0eAQAAIAAJ| access-date = 17 February 2016| date = 2000| publisher = Colourpoint| isbn = 978-1-898392-37-8| page = 49 }}</ref> and the [[DAF DB250]] chassis.<ref name="DAFDB250">{{cite web|last1=Payne|first1=Jamie|title=Arriva Midlands (4789) DAF DB250 ALX400 - S215 JUA|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/73096525@N02/19597960362|website=Flickr|access-date=17 February 2016|date=11 July 2015}}</ref> ==Gallery== <gallery widths="190" heights="130"> File:M5 Junction 25 - First 33378 (UHW661).JPG|Dennis Trident 2 with Transbus ALX400 bodywork File:Arriva Guildford & West Surrey 6403 GN04 UDS (crop).jpg|Volvo B7TL with Transbus ALX400 bodywork File:S291JUA TUNBRIDGE WELLS (15436967702).jpg|[[DAF DB250LF]] with Alexander ALX400 bodywork File:Arriva London DLA253 on Route 417, Crystal Palace (16159270502).jpg|DAF DB250LF with Alexander ALX400 bodywork with double doors (doors in the middle) File:Arriva Guildford & West Surrey 6402 GN04 UDP rear (cropped2).JPG|Volvo B7TL with Alexander ALX400 bodywork rear File:Stagecoach 18127 KN04 XJB (30016398802).jpg|Transbus Trident 2 with Alexander ALX400 bodywork rear </gallery> == Notes == {{Notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{Commons category-inline|Alexander ALX400}} *{{Commons category-inline|TransBus ALX400}} *{{Commons category-inline|Alexander Dennis ALX400}} {{Walter Alexander vehicle bodies}} {{Alexander Dennis}} [[Category:Low-floor buses]] [[Category:Alexander Dennis buses|ALX400]] [[Category:Double-decker buses]] {{transport-stub}} r4czdjx2sk2vtijy8vxj6upqd5fncim 0 591498 10367810 10144102 2025-07-02T15:37:36Z Davey2010 314522 ce/added cites 10367810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}} {{Infobox automobile | name = Alexander ALX500 | image = JF8429.jpg | caption = [[New World First Bus]] [[Dennis Trident 3]] with Alexander ALX500 bodywork | manufacturer = [[Walter Alexander Coachbuilders]]<br>TransBus | production = 1997–2004 | assembly = [[Falkirk]], Scotland | class = | capacity = 61 to 93 seated | length = 10.6, 11.3 & 12.0 metres | width = 2.5 metres | height = 4.4 metres | floortype = [[Low-floor bus|Low floor]] | doors = 2 | weight = | chassis = [[Dennis Trident 3]]<br>[[Volvo Super Olympian]] | related = [[Alexander ALX100|ALX100]], [[Alexander ALX200|ALX200]], [[Alexander ALX300|ALX300]], [[Alexander ALX400|ALX400]] | engine = | powerout = | transmission = | predecessor = | successor = [[Alexander Dennis Enviro500|TransBus Enviro500]] }} The '''Alexander ALX500'''{{Efn|later known as the TransBus ALX500}} was a [[double-decker bus|double-decker]] [[coachwork|body]] of a [[bus]]. It had a [[low-floor bus|low floor]]. It was made from 1997 to 2004 by [[Walter Alexander Coachbuilders|Alexander]].{{Efn|It was built by Alexander and then TransBus International.}} The ALX500 body was built on the [[Dennis Trident 3]] [[chassis]]<ref name="ALX500 Trident Olympian">{{cite book |url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Buses-Yearbook-2009-Stewart-Brown/dp/0711032955| last1=Brown |first1=Stewart J. |title=Buses Yearbook |date=Aug 21, 2008 |publisher=Ian Allan Ltd |isbn=9780711032958 |page=47 |accessdate=2 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pD3KDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PT107&dq=Alexander+ALX500&hl=en&source=newbks_fb&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Alexander%20ALX500&f=false|title=Hong Kong Buses|last=Seamarks|first=Gary|date=2020-01-15|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-4456-9156-5|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=wkSrCgAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA131&dq=ALX500&hl=en&source=newbks_fb&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=ALX500&f=false|title=香港巴士90年(2015年增訂版)|last=陳志華|last2=李健信|date=2015-07-07|publisher=中華書局(香港)有限公司|isbn=978-988-8366-12-5|language=zh}}</ref> and the [[Volvo Super Olympian]] chassis.<ref name="ALX500 Trident Olympian" /> The ALX500 was only sold in [[Hong Kong]], It was sold to [[Citybus (Hong Kong)|Citybus]],<ref name="ninetyseven">{{cite book|title=Hong Kong Buses Yearbook 1998|date=1998|publisher=Northcord International|isbn=9789629200176|editor-last=Chan|editor-first=Danny C. Y.|location=Hong Kong|pages=44–46}}</ref> [[Kowloon Motor Bus]],<ref name="ninetyseven" /> [[Long Win Bus]],<ref name="ninetyseven" /> [[New World First Bus]]<ref name="firstvolvos">{{cite book|title=Hong Kong Buses Yearbook 2000|date=2000|publisher=Northcord International|isbn=9789629200275|editor-last=Chan|editor-first=Danny C. Y.|location=Hong Kong|pages=42–44|language=zh-hk}}</ref> and [[MTR Bus|Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Hong Kong Buses Yearbook 2001|date=2001|publisher=Northcord International|isbn=9789629200329|editor-last=Chan|editor-first=Danny C. Y.|location=Hong Kong|pages=19|language=zh-hk}}</ref> <gallery widths="190px" heights="130px"> File:100927 CHTH ASV KX2953 117.jpg|[[Kowloon Motor Bus]] [[Volvo Super Olympian]] with Alexander ALX500 bodywork File:263 CTB 88R 17-08-2020.jpg|[[Citybus (Hong Kong)|Citybus]] [[Volvo Super Olympian]] with Alexander ALX500 bodywork File:HK TC Tung Chung Long Win Bus S64 Airbus.JPG|[[Long Win Bus]] [[Dennis Trident 3]] with Alexander ALX500 bodywork </gallery> == Notes == {{Notelist}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category-inline|Alexander ALX500}} {{Walter Alexander vehicle bodies}} {{Alexander Dennis}} {{transport-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Alexander Alx500}} [[Category:Alexander Dennis buses|ALX500]] [[Category:Low-floor buses]] cdxsnk86a9g9o25xbk5nxwg7u66u58o 10367812 10367810 2025-07-02T15:39:03Z Citation bot 693482 Altered url. URLs might have been anonymized. Added authors 1-1. Removed URL that duplicated identifier. Removed access-date with no URL. Removed parameters. Some additions/deletions were parameter name changes. | [[:en:WP:UCB|Use this bot]]. [[:en:WP:DBUG|Report bugs]]. | Suggested by Davey2010 | #UCB_webform 10367812 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}} {{Infobox automobile | name = Alexander ALX500 | image = JF8429.jpg | caption = [[New World First Bus]] [[Dennis Trident 3]] with Alexander ALX500 bodywork | manufacturer = [[Walter Alexander Coachbuilders]]<br>TransBus | production = 1997–2004 | assembly = [[Falkirk]], Scotland | class = | capacity = 61 to 93 seated | length = 10.6, 11.3 & 12.0 metres | width = 2.5 metres | height = 4.4 metres | floortype = [[Low-floor bus|Low floor]] | doors = 2 | weight = | chassis = [[Dennis Trident 3]]<br>[[Volvo Super Olympian]] | related = [[Alexander ALX100|ALX100]], [[Alexander ALX200|ALX200]], [[Alexander ALX300|ALX300]], [[Alexander ALX400|ALX400]] | engine = | powerout = | transmission = | predecessor = | successor = [[Alexander Dennis Enviro500|TransBus Enviro500]] }} The '''Alexander ALX500'''{{Efn|later known as the TransBus ALX500}} was a [[double-decker bus|double-decker]] [[coachwork|body]] of a [[bus]]. It had a [[low-floor bus|low floor]]. It was made from 1997 to 2004 by [[Walter Alexander Coachbuilders|Alexander]].{{Efn|It was built by Alexander and then TransBus International.}} The ALX500 body was built on the [[Dennis Trident 3]] [[chassis]]<ref name="ALX500 Trident Olympian">{{cite book | last1=Brown |first1=Stewart J. |title=Buses Yearbook |date=Aug 21, 2008 |publisher=Ian Allan Ltd |isbn=9780711032958 |page=47 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pD3KDwAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+ALX500&pg=PT107|title=Hong Kong Buses|last=Seamarks|first=Gary|date=2020-01-15|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-4456-9156-5|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wkSrCgAAQBAJ&dq=ALX500&pg=PA131|title=香港巴士90年(2015年增訂版)|last1=陳志華|last2=李健信|date=2015-07-07|publisher=中華書局(香港)有限公司|isbn=978-988-8366-12-5|language=zh}}</ref> and the [[Volvo Super Olympian]] chassis.<ref name="ALX500 Trident Olympian" /> The ALX500 was only sold in [[Hong Kong]], It was sold to [[Citybus (Hong Kong)|Citybus]],<ref name="ninetyseven">{{cite book|title=Hong Kong Buses Yearbook 1998|date=1998|publisher=Northcord International|isbn=9789629200176|editor-last=Chan|editor-first=Danny C. Y.|location=Hong Kong|pages=44–46}}</ref> [[Kowloon Motor Bus]],<ref name="ninetyseven" /> [[Long Win Bus]],<ref name="ninetyseven" /> [[New World First Bus]]<ref name="firstvolvos">{{cite book|title=Hong Kong Buses Yearbook 2000|date=2000|publisher=Northcord International|isbn=9789629200275|editor-last=Chan|editor-first=Danny C. Y.|location=Hong Kong|pages=42–44|language=zh-hk}}</ref> and [[MTR Bus|Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Hong Kong Buses Yearbook 2001|date=2001|publisher=Northcord International|isbn=9789629200329|editor-last=Chan|editor-first=Danny C. Y.|location=Hong Kong|pages=19|language=zh-hk}}</ref> <gallery widths="190px" heights="130px"> File:100927 CHTH ASV KX2953 117.jpg|[[Kowloon Motor Bus]] [[Volvo Super Olympian]] with Alexander ALX500 bodywork File:263 CTB 88R 17-08-2020.jpg|[[Citybus (Hong Kong)|Citybus]] [[Volvo Super Olympian]] with Alexander ALX500 bodywork File:HK TC Tung Chung Long Win Bus S64 Airbus.JPG|[[Long Win Bus]] [[Dennis Trident 3]] with Alexander ALX500 bodywork </gallery> == Notes == {{Notelist}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category-inline|Alexander ALX500}} {{Walter Alexander vehicle bodies}} {{Alexander Dennis}} {{transport-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Alexander Alx500}} [[Category:Alexander Dennis buses|ALX500]] [[Category:Low-floor buses]] s3co2v6p5c97sc2jw3rmlf4zqb97y0v 0 591593 10367822 10065262 2025-07-02T15:48:53Z Davey2010 314522 +facelift, ce 10367822 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}} {{Infobox automobile | name = Alexander Dash | image = File:Bakerbus Volvo B6 reg L662MSF on service 350 Hanley to Newport - geograph.org.uk - 1698657.jpg | caption = [[Bakerbus]] [[Volvo B6]] with Alexander Dash bodywork (before improvements) | manufacturer = [[Walter Alexander Coachbuilders]] | production = 1991–1997 | related = [[Alexander PS type]] | assembly = [[Falkirk]], Scotland | replaced = | successor = [[Alexander ALX200]] | capacity = 34 to 41 seated | length = {{cvt|9.0-9.9|m}} | width = {{cvt|2.3|m}} | height = {{cvt|3.4|m}} | floortype = [[High-floor|Step entrance]] | doors = 1 door | weight = | chassis = [[Dennis Dart]]<br />[[Volvo B6]] | engine = (Dart) Cummins 6BT<br />(B6) Volvo TD63E/TD63ES | powerout = 93kW 135hp (Dart) | transmission = (Dart) Allison AT545 4-speed<br />(B6) ZF 4HP500 }} The '''Alexander Dash''' is a [[Bodywork|body]] of a [[midibus]]. It has a [[step-entrance bus|step-entrance]]. It was built from [[1991]] to [[1997]] by [[Walter Alexander Coachbuilders]]. The Dart body was built on the [[Dennis Dart]] [[chassis]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_London_Dennis_Dart_Dart_SLF/2sSAEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Alexander+Dash+Dennis+Dart&pg=PT111&printsec=frontcover|title=The London Dennis Dart & Dart SLF|last=Beddall|first=David|date=29 December 2022|publisher=Pen and Sword Transport|isbn=978-1-3990-9519-8|language=en}}</ref> and the [[Volvo B6]] chassis.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Buses_of_Clydeside_Scottish_and_Clydesid/S-QOBAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Alexander+Dash+Volvo+B6&pg=PT83&printsec=frontcover|title=Buses of Clydeside Scottish and Clydeside 2000|last=Devoy|first=David|date=15 June 2014|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-4456-3982-6|language=en}}</ref> From 1991–1997, It was improved, Tt had new front bumpers, new front headlights and new turn signals. It was built with either a [[horizontal]] or V-shaped windscreen. <gallery widths="190" heights="130"> File:Emsworth & District 511.JPG|[[Dennis Dart]] with Alexander Dash bodywork with a V shaped windscreen (before improvements) File:P122dms.JPG|[[Dennis Dart]] with Alexander Dash bodywork with a horizontal windscreen with [[Crossgates Coaches|Veolia Transport]] in [[Pontypridd]] (after improvements) </gallery> ==Related pages== * [[List of buses]] == References == {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{Commonscat-inline|Alexander Dash}} {{Walter Alexander vehicle bodies}} [[Category:Alexander Dennis buses|Dash]] [[Category:Midibuses]] {{transport-stub}} 1e0kw4fgcv92szjul4tb9m8m44ndu7t 10367823 10367822 2025-07-02T15:50:19Z Davey2010 314522 ce/+ 10367823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}} {{Infobox automobile | name = Alexander Dash | image = File:Bakerbus Volvo B6 reg L662MSF on service 350 Hanley to Newport - geograph.org.uk - 1698657.jpg | caption = [[Bakerbus]] [[Volvo B6]] with Alexander Dash bodywork (before improvements) | manufacturer = [[Walter Alexander Coachbuilders]] | production = 1991–1997 | related = [[Alexander PS type]] | assembly = [[Falkirk]], Scotland | replaced = | successor = [[Alexander ALX200]] | capacity = 34 to 41 seated | length = {{cvt|9.0-9.9|m}} | width = {{cvt|2.3|m}} | height = {{cvt|3.4|m}} | floortype = [[High-floor|Step entrance]] | doors = 1 door | weight = | chassis = [[Dennis Dart]]<br />[[Volvo B6]] | engine = (Dart) Cummins 6BT<br />(B6) Volvo TD63E/TD63ES | powerout = 93kW 135hp (Dart) | transmission = (Dart) Allison AT545 4-speed<br />(B6) ZF 4HP500 }} The '''Alexander Dash''' is a [[Bodywork|body]] of a [[midibus]]. It has a [[step-entrance bus|step-entrance]]. It was built from [[1991]] to [[1997]] by [[Walter Alexander Coachbuilders]]. The Dart body was built on the [[Dennis Dart]] [[chassis]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_London_Dennis_Dart_Dart_SLF/2sSAEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Alexander+Dash+Dennis+Dart&pg=PT111&printsec=frontcover|title=The London Dennis Dart & Dart SLF|last=Beddall|first=David|date=29 December 2022|publisher=Pen and Sword Transport|isbn=978-1-3990-9519-8|language=en}}</ref> and the [[Volvo B6]] chassis.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Buses_of_Clydeside_Scottish_and_Clydesid/S-QOBAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Alexander+Dash+Volvo+B6&pg=PT83&printsec=frontcover|title=Buses of Clydeside Scottish and Clydeside 2000|last=Devoy|first=David|date=15 June 2014|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-4456-3982-6|language=en}}</ref> From 1991 to 1997, It was improved, It had new front bumpers, new grille, new front headlights and new turn signals. It was built with either a [[horizontal]] or V-shaped windscreen. <gallery widths="190" heights="130"> File:Emsworth & District 511.JPG|[[Dennis Dart]] with Alexander Dash bodywork with a V shaped windscreen (before improvements) File:P122dms.JPG|[[Dennis Dart]] with Alexander Dash bodywork with a horizontal windscreen with [[Crossgates Coaches|Veolia Transport]] in [[Pontypridd]] (after improvements) </gallery> ==Related pages== * [[List of buses]] == References == {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{Commonscat-inline|Alexander Dash}} {{Walter Alexander vehicle bodies}} [[Category:Alexander Dennis buses|Dash]] [[Category:Midibuses]] {{transport-stub}} 4js8iwgr86e2iu1fly43d2ulxkw8nou 0 591922 10368277 8259572 2025-07-02T21:18:03Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:GW-VD-Bellerive.svg]] → [[File:CHE Bellerive COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10368277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Bellerive | municipality_name = Bellerive | municipality_type = former | imagepath_coa = CHE Bellerive COA.svg|pixel_coa= | map = | languages = French | canton = Vaud | iso-code-region = CH-VD | district = [[Broye-Vully (district)|Broye-Vully]] |coordinates={{coord|46|55|N|07|01|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 1585 Bellerive<br />1585 Cotterd<br />1585 Salavaux<br />1586 Vallamand-Dessous | municipality_code = 5452 | area = 2.26 | elevation = 533|elevation_description= | population = 621|populationof=Dec 2009|popofyear=2009 | website = www.commune-bellerive.ch | mayor = Claude Bessard|mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = |list_of_mayors = | places = Bellerive, Cotterd, Salavaux, [[Vallamand]]-Dessous | demonym = Lè Renaille | neighboring_municipalities= [[Cudrefin]], [[Vallamand]], [[Constantine, Switzerland|Constantine]], [[Montmagny, Switzerland|Montmagny]] | twintowns = }} '''Bellerive''' is a former [[municipality]] in the [[district]] of [[Broye-Vully (district)|Broye-Vully]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Vaud]] in [[Switzerland]]. On 1 July 2011, the former municipalities of Bellerive, [[Chabrey]], [[Constantine, Switzerland|Constantine]], [[Montmagny, Switzerland|Montmagny]], [[Mur, Switzerland|Mur]], [[Vallamand]] and [[Villars-le-Grand]] merged into the new municipality of [[Vully-les-Lacs]].<ref name=Fusion>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/03.html Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz] published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office {{in lang|de}} accessed 17 February 2011</ref> ==Villages== Bellerive, Cotterd, Salavaux and [[Vallamand]]-Dessous. ==Gallery== <gallery> File:Maison communale salavaux.jpg|Town Hall of Bellerive File:Bellerive VD.jpg|Bellerive </gallery> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commonscat-inline|Bellerive}} * [http://www.commune-bellerive.ch Official Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010114037/http://www.commune-bellerive.ch/ |date=2007-10-10 }} {{in lang|fr}} {{Switzerland-stub}} [[Category:Former municipalities of Vaud]] [[Category:2011 disestablishments in Switzerland]] ezsfc7wk8p5ogjdqsn3z3qsr7qvd441 0 591926 10369233 9084932 2025-07-03T08:41:34Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Blason commune CH Cudrefin (Vaud).svg]] → [[File:CHE Cudrefin COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10369233 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Picswiss VD-52-02.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Clock tower of Cudrefin]] [[File:CHE Cudrefin COA.svg|right|100px]] '''Cudrefin''' is a [[municipality]] in [[Switzerland]]. It is in [[Vaud|Vaud canton]]. On 1 January 2002, [[Champmartin]] is a part of the municipality of Cudrefin.<ref name=Mutation>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/02.html Nomenklaturen – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113231755/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/02.html |date=2015-11-13 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 4 April 2011</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commonscat-inline|Cudrefin}} * [http://www.cudrefin.ch/ Official Website of the municipality of Cudrefin] {{in lang|fr}} * {{HDS|2311|Champmartin}} * {{HDS|8377|Montet}} {{Switzerland-stub}} [[Category:Municipalities in Broye-Vully]] [[Category:Cities in Switzerland]] q1wch7feey9vnmcm9psibdg0cdp6a4h 3 592093 10367990 5739899 2025-07-02T17:40:53Z Ferien 1011873 Welcome to Wikipedia! ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367990 wikitext text/x-wiki Welcome to my talk page. Please contact me at my [[en:User talk:Miniapolis|home wiki]]. Thanks and all the best, [[User:Miniapolis|Miniapolis]] ([[User talk:Miniapolis#top|talk]]) 22:31, 20 July 2017 (UTC) == Welcome == Hello! I am [[wikt:assuming|assuming]] [[:en:User:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|you have come over]] from the English Wikipedia, so you are probably familiar with the way this wiki works. I hope you like it here and decide to stay. Here are a few links to help you adjust: *[[WP:EnWP|An English Wikipedian's guide]] *[[WP:How to write Simple English pages|Writing in Simple English]] *[[WP:Simple talk|Simple talk: our help desk, reference desk and village pump- in one page]] *[[WP:How to copy from another Wikipedia|How to copy from English Wikipedia]] There is much to do here. For example, there are a lot of articles that do not exist yet, which you can bring over from the English Wikipedia and simplify. Do have a look around and see what you would like to do. Thank you for joining us! If you need any help, be sure to visit [[Wikipedia:Simple talk|Simple Talk]] or contact an [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]]. Happy changing! <!-- Template:Welcome-en --> --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 17:40, 2 July 2025 (UTC) on9s5j73omxxgeyvkhyhvlxgg1tu9mm 10368002 10367990 2025-07-02T17:46:58Z Miniapolis 471808 /* Welcome */Thanks! 10368002 wikitext text/x-wiki Welcome to my talk page. Please contact me at my [[en:User talk:Miniapolis|home wiki]]. Thanks and all the best, [[User:Miniapolis|Miniapolis]] ([[User talk:Miniapolis#top|talk]]) 22:31, 20 July 2017 (UTC) == Welcome == Hello! I am [[wikt:assuming|assuming]] [[:en:User:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|you have come over]] from the English Wikipedia, so you are probably familiar with the way this wiki works. I hope you like it here and decide to stay. Here are a few links to help you adjust: *[[WP:EnWP|An English Wikipedian's guide]] *[[WP:How to write Simple English pages|Writing in Simple English]] *[[WP:Simple talk|Simple talk: our help desk, reference desk and village pump- in one page]] *[[WP:How to copy from another Wikipedia|How to copy from English Wikipedia]] There is much to do here. For example, there are a lot of articles that do not exist yet, which you can bring over from the English Wikipedia and simplify. Do have a look around and see what you would like to do. Thank you for joining us! If you need any help, be sure to visit [[Wikipedia:Simple talk|Simple Talk]] or contact an [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]]. Happy changing! <!-- Template:Welcome-en --> --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 17:40, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :Thanks! All the best, [[User:Miniapolis|'''''<span style="color:navy">Mini</span>''''']][[User_talk:Miniapolis|'''''<span style="color:#8B4513">apolis</span>''''']] 17:46, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ghdibomtm3y605ms40vjb30y5pk5wtg 0 592246 10368069 10356413 2025-07-02T18:26:03Z 2600:4040:2CC4:E100:8857:50C6:B833:948D 10368069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use Canadian English|date=June 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=June 2025}} {{Infobox television | image = | genre = {{ubl|[[Animation]]|[[Children's television series|Children]]}} | country = {{ubl|Canada|Hong Kong|United States}} | language = {{ubl|Chinese|English}} | num_seasons = 2 | num_episodes = 26 (52 segments) | runtime = 26 minutes | company = {{ubl|Silver Lining Enterprises Limited|Animation Servies (Hong Kong) Limited|[[Nelvana|Nelvana Limited]]}} | network = [[PBS]] (US)<br />[[TVOKids]], [[Knowledge Network|Knowledge Kids]], [[Saskatchewan Communications Network|SCN]], and [[CTV 2 Alberta|Access]] (Canada) | first_aired = {{Start date|2000|09|30}} | last_aired = {{End date|2002|01|26}} }} '''''Timothy Goes to School''''' is an animated educational [[children's television series]] based on the books by [[Rosemary Wells]] and was co-produced by [[Nelvana|Nelvana Limited]]. The series originally aired on [[TVOKids]] in Canada and [[PBS]] as part of the [[PBS Kids Bookworm Bunch]] in the United States on September 30, 2000. ==Plot== It is focused on a young enthusiastic anthropomorphic raccoon named Timothy (voiced by Austin Di Iulio), who attends kindergarten at a fictional place called "Hilltop School" along with ten other students (each of which are of different animals except for the Frank Twins and Claude). The kindergarten class is taught by Mrs. Jenkins, a comforting teacher who enjoys educating and helping her students. {{Former PBS Kids original programming}} [[Category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:2000s American children's television series]] [[Category:2000s American television series debuts]] [[Category:2000s American television series endings]] [[Category:2000s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:2000s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:2000s Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2000s Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:2000 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2000 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2002 American television series endings]] [[Category:2002 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:American animated television series]] [[Category:American children's television series]] [[Category:Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:Children's television series about talking animals]] [[Category:Canadian English-language television shows]] [[Category:PBS Kids shows]] [[Category:Television series about animals]] [[Category:TVOKids shows]] 8w1h9hwij8sql6qb5xowoihjovawrwn 0 593560 10367826 10144535 2025-07-02T15:52:25Z Davey2010 314522 ce 10367826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}} {{Infobox UK Bus | background = | name = Alexander Strider | image = File:Go North East bus 4810 Volvo B10B Alexander Strider L210 KEF Bargain Bus livery in Newcastle 9 May 2009.jpg| | caption = [[Go North East]] [[Volvo B10B]] with Alexander Strider bodywork in [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] in May 2009 | manufacturer = [[Walter Alexander Coachbuilders|Alexander]] | production = 1993–1997 | assembly = [[Falkirk]], Scotland | predecessor = | successor = [[Alexander ALX300]] | capacity = | operator = Various | length = 12.0m | width = 2.5m | height = 3.0m | floortype = [[High-floor|Step entrance]] | doors = 1 or 2 | weight = | chassis = [[Dennis Lance]]<ref name="Dennis Lance chassis" /><br />[[Volvo B10B]]<ref name="Volvo B10B chassis" /><br />[[Volvo B10M]]<br />[[Scania L113]]<ref name="Scania L113 chassis" /> | engine = | powerout = | transmission = }} The '''Alexander Strider''' was a [[single-decker bus|single-decker]] [[coachwork|body]] of a [[bus]]. It had a [[Step-entrance bus|step-entrance]]. It was made from [[1993]] to [[1997]] by [[Walter Alexander Coachbuilders]]. The Strider body was built on the [[Dennis Lance]] [[chassis]],<ref name="Dennis Lance chassis">{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Buses_Along_the_South_West_Coast_Path_fr/gS8NEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Alexander+Strider+Dennis+Lance&pg=PT63&printsec=frontcover|title=Buses Along the South West Coast Path from Minehead to Poole Harbour via Land's End: A History of the Past & a Guide to the Modern Day|last=Bartlett|first=Andrew|date=30 January 2021|publisher=Pen and Sword Transport|isbn=978-1-5267-5543-8|language=en}}</ref> [[Volvo B10B]] chassis,<ref name="Volvo B10B chassis">{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_Go_Ahead_Group/2_1zEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Alexander+Strider+Volvo+B10B&pg=PT74&printsec=frontcover|title=The Go-Ahead Group: The First 25 Years|last=Lyons|first=Mark|date=30 June 2022|publisher=Key Publishing|isbn=978-1-80282-082-9|language=en}}</ref> [[Volvo B10M]] chassis and the [[Scania L113]] chassis.<ref name="Scania L113 chassis">{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Arriva_Serving_Scotland/DrCIDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Alexander+Strider+Scania+L113&pg=PA1919&printsec=frontcover|title=Arriva Serving Scotland|last=Devoy|first=David|date=15 November 2018|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-4456-7465-0|language=en}}</ref> ==Gallery== <gallery widths="190px" heights="130px" perrow="3"> File:Go North East bus 4875 Volvo B10B Alexander Strider N950 TVK Bargain Bus livery in Newcastle 9 May 2009.jpg|[[Go North East]] [[Volvo B10B]] with Alexander Strider bodywork rear in [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] in May 2009 File:B10M-Mk4.JPG|A [[Singapore Bus Services]] (now [[SBS Transit]]) [[Volvo B10M]] Mark IV with Alexander Strider bodywork in [[Singapore]] </gallery> ==Related pages== * [[List of buses]] == References == {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{Commonscat-inline|Alexander Strider}} {{Walter Alexander vehicle bodies}} [[Category:Alexander Dennis buses|Strider]] [[Category:Step-entrance buses]] {{transport-stub}} mqq4nobl880bxsnev8vt1i7idy08n3v 0 593564 10367910 10144531 2025-07-02T16:49:30Z Davey2010 314522 ce 10367910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}} {{Infobox UK Bus | name = Alexander PS-type | image = Stagecoach B10M Alexander PS 20901.jpg | caption = [[Stagecoach Merseyside]] Volvo B10M with Alexander PS-type bodywork | manufacturer = [[Walter Alexander Coachbuilders|Walter Alexander]] | production = 1988–1998 | successor = [[Alexander ALX200]]<br>[[Alexander ALX300]] | assembly = [[Falkirk]], [[Scotland]] | length = 11.9m | width = 2.5m | height = 3.0m{{citation needed|date=September 2021}} | floortype = [[High-floor|Step entrance]] | doors = 1 or 2 doors | chassis = [[Volvo B10M]]<br>[[Leyland Lynx]]<br>[[Mercedes-Benz O405]]<br>[[Dennis Lance]]<br>[[Iveco Turbocity]]<br>[[Scania N113]] | transmission = ZF or Voith }} The '''Alexander PS''' was a [[single-decker bus|single-decker]] [[Bodywork|body]] of a [[bus]]. It had a [[step-entrance bus|step-entrance]]. It was made from 1988 to 1998 by [[Walter Alexander Coachbuilders]]. The Alexander PS type body was built on the [[Dennis Lance]] [[chassis]],<ref name="DennisLance">{{cite book| last1 = Devoy| first1 = David| title = Western SMT Buses| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=u-ViCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA62| date = 2015| publisher = Amberley Publishing Limited| isbn = 978-1-4456-4669-5 }}</ref> [[Leyland Lynx]] chassis,<ref name="Lynx">{{cite web|title=Alexander PS bodied Leyland Lynx image|url=http://sgbuses2.tripod.com/pics/sbst/3572_eb.jpg|website=Tripod|access-date=14 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114160034/http://sgbuses2.tripod.com/pics/sbst/3572_eb.jpg|archive-date=14 January 2016}}</ref> [[Mercedes-Benz O405]] chassis,<ref name="Merc">{{cite web|last1=Tay|first1=Desmond|title=SBS112L on 139 along Balestier Road. This is a Walter Alexander PS-bodied example of the Mercedes Benz O405 fleet|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/128064013@N08/21900695759|website=Flickr|access-date=14 January 2016|date=1 May 2008}}</ref> [[Scania N113]] chassis,<ref name="Scania">{{cite book| last1 = Devoy| first1 = David| title = Ayrshire Buses| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3-QOBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA57| access-date = 14 January 2016| date = 2014| publisher = Amberley Publishing Limited| isbn = 978-1-4456-4185-0 }}</ref> [[Volvo B10M]] chassis<ref name="VolvoB10MStagecoach">{{cite web|last1=Lord|first1=Rebecca|title=New bus donated by Stagecoach in South Wales|url=http://www.barryanddistrictnews.co.uk/news/12970700.New_bus_donated_by_Stagecoach_in_South_Wales/?ref=rss|website=Barry And District News|access-date=14 January 2016|date=26 May 2015}}</ref> and the [[Iveco Turbocity]] chassis.<ref name="Iveco">{{cite web|last1=Bowerbank|first1=Mike|date=18 March 2012|title=Iveco Turbo City demonstrator Alexander PS K891XGS on hire to Thames Transit in Oxford|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/51738247@N03/6993959405|access-date=14 January 2016|website=Flickr}}</ref> ==Related pages== * [[List of buses]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{Commons category-inline|Alexander PS}} {{Walter Alexander vehicle bodies}} [[Category:Alexander Dennis buses|PS type]] [[Category:Step-entrance buses]] {{transport-stub}} h8pcwhuycckme32sm6c7c0ib4kjdqdm 0 596860 10368551 9977185 2025-07-03T00:16:24Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Luxembourg */ Fixed the grammatical issue with a typo of duplication 10368551 wikitext text/x-wiki This is a list of [[scientist]]s from [[Europe]][[Scientists|.]] <!--Work in progress for April 2022: This is a '''list of scientists''' from [[ ]]. ==Sources== {{reflist}} [[Category:Lists of scientists]] [[Category: people|scientist]] [[Category: -related lists]] {{stub}} --> ==Albania== {{main|List of scientists from Albania}} *[[Bashkim Fino]], was prime minister; economist; He died in 2021. *[[Rexhep Meidani]], former president of Albania; physicist; b. 1944 ==Austria== {{main|List of Austrian scientists}} *[[Sigmund Freud]], [[pioneer]] of [[psychoanalysis]]; [[neurologist]], psychologist<ref>https://snl.no/Sigmund_Freud. [[Store norske leksikon]]. Retrieved April 10, 2022</ref> *[[Karl Landsteiner]], discovered that there are different types of human blood; had a [[Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine]]; d. 1943 *[[Lise Meitner]], Austrian-Swedish, helped discover nuclear fission; physicist d. 1968<ref>https://snl.no/Lise_Meitner. [[Store norske leksikon]]. Retrieved April 10, 2022</ref> *[[Erwin Schrödinger]], thought of the [[Schrödinger equation]]; physicist; d. 1961<ref>https://snl.no/schr%C3%B6dingerligningen. [[Store norske leksikon]]. Retrieved 2023-03-10</ref> ==Azerbaijan== *[[Vafa Guluzade]] - he was a Foreign Policy State Advisor for Azerbaijan President; the [[political scientist]] died in 2015. *[[Lotfi A. Zadeh]] - [[pioneer]] (or one of the earliest scientists) of [[fuzzy logic]]; computer scientist, electrical engineer, mathematician; d. 2017 ==Belarus== *[[Barys Kit]], he was author of the first book on [[rocket propellant]]<ref>Kit, Boris and Evered, Douglas S., Rocket Propellant Handbook, 1st ed., The Macmillan Company, New York, 1960.</ref> *[[Lev Vygotsky]], credited for starting the [[concept]], [[zone of proximal development]], or ZPD, which is the difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she cannot do;<ref name="ReferenceA">Zone of proximal development. (2009). In ''Penguin dictionary of psychology.'' Retrieved from Credo Reference database</ref><ref>Stanlaw, J. (2005). Vygotsky, lev semenovich (1896--1934). In ''Encyclopedia of anthropology.'' Retrieved from Credo Reference Database</ref> Psychology; died in 1934 ==Belgium== :''Pages appear in [[:Category:Belgian scientists]]'' ==Bosnia and Herzegovina== :''Pages appear in [[:Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina scientists]]'' *[[Alojz Benac]] - became a corresponding member of the [[Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts|Yugoslav/Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts]], [[Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts]], [[Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts]]; [[Archeology]]; died in 1992. *[[Smilja Mučibabić]], she was a biologist ==Bulgaria== {{main|List of Bulgarian scientists}} *[[Lyubomir Ivanov]], got the [[award]], ''Acad. Nikola Obreshkov Prize'', the highest Bulgarian award in mathematics.;<ref>[[:File:Nikola-Obreshkov-Prize.png|The ''Academician Nikola Obreshkov Prize'' for 1987]]</ref> Linguistics, Mathematics ==Croatia== :''Pages appear in [[:Category:Croatian scientists]]'' *[[Dubravka Jurlina Alibegović]], former cabinet member; economist *[[Slaven Letica]], was member of parliament; economist *[[Miroslav Tuđman]], information scientist *[[Roger Joseph Boscovich]], maker of a precursor of [[atomic theory]]; made the first geometric [[procedure]] for finding out the [[equator]] of a rotating [[planet]] from three [[observation]]s of a surface feature and for computing the [[orbit]] of a planet from three observations of its position; discoverer of the absence of atmosphere on the [[Moon]];<ref>{{cite book|title=Энциклопедия для детей (астрономия)|publisher=Аванта+|date=1998|location=Москва|isbn=978-5-89501-016-7}}</ref> he was from [[Dubrovnik|a city in what later became Croatia]]; died in 1787 == Czechia == :''Pages appear in [[:Category:Czech scientists]]'' *[[Gerty Cori]], [[Czechs|Czech]]-American; she had a Nobel Prize; [[biochemist]] *[[Milan Nakonečný]], mathematician ==Denmark== :''Pages appear in [[:Category:Danish scientists]]'' *[[Tycho Brahe]], he [[discovery|discovered]] (before the invention of [[telescope]]s) that the [[universe]] outside the [[Solar System]] could change when he studied [[SN 1572|a supernova]] and a [[comet]]; [[astronomer]] *[[Niels Bohr]], physicist, d. 1962 == Estonia == :''Pages appear in [[:Category:Estonian scientists]]'' <!-- B --> *[[Karl Ernst von Baer]], [[Embryology]] (within Biology); died in 1876 *[[Madis Kõiv]] - he got the [[award]], the Tuglas short story award; physicist, writer and philosopher; died in 2014 *[[Jaak Panksepp]], he was an [[Estonian-American]] [[neuroscientist]], [[psychobiology|psychobiologist]]; [[pioneer]] of the term "[[affective neuroscience]]", the name for the field that studies the [[neural]] mechanisms of [[emotion]].<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Panksepp | first1 = J | title = A critical role for "affective neuroscience" in resolving what is basic about basic emotions. | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_psychological-review_1992-07_99_3/page/554 | journal = Psychological Review | volume = 99 | issue = 3 | pages = 554–60 | year = 1992 | pmid = 1502276 | doi = 10.1037/0033-295X.99.3.554 | s2cid = 5551253 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/panksepp.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2008-07-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080629204414/http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/panksepp.htm |archive-date=2008-06-29 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Walker|first=Brendan M|date=2017-10-13|title=Jaak Panksepp: Pioneer of Affective Neuroscience|journal=Neuropsychopharmacology|language=En|volume=42|issue=12|pages=2470|doi=10.1038/npp.2017.168|pmid=29026256|pmc=5645743|issn=0893-133X}}</ref> ==Finland== :''Pages appear in [[:Category:Finnish scientists]]'' *[[Linus Torvalds]], famous for his [[operating system]] [[Linux]]; computer scientist ==France== :''Pages appear in [[:Category:French scientists]]'' *[[Irène Joliot-Curie]] * [[Sophie Germain]] *[[Blaise Pascal]], he was the [[creator]] of [[Pascal's Triangle]] == Georgia == :''Pages appear in [[:Category:Scientists from Georgia (country)]]'' *[[Tamaz V. Gamkrelidze]], <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.science.org.ge/english.html |title=Georgian Academy of Sciences (GAS) |access-date=2017-09-14 |archive-date=2013-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022104401/http://science.org.ge/english.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.tsu.ge Tbilisi State University]</ref><ref>[http://www.acnet.ge/pl/gamkrelidze.htm Home Page of Tamaz Gamkrelidze] (2015-07-05 not accessible)</ref> was a member of the Parliament of Georgia; [[assyriology|assyriologist]] (and therefore a [[linguist]]) *[[Jamshid Giunashvili]]<ref>[http://www.fereidani.ge/33_jemshid/33_jemshid.html ფერეიიდანი, ჯემშიდ გიუნაშვილი - მეგობრობის მაცნე] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402100142/http://www.fereidani.ge/33_jemshid/33_jemshid.html |date=2015-04-02 }} (in Georgian)</ref> - he was a [[linguist]] ([[Iranologist]]); died in 2017 *[[Giorgi Maisashvili]], was presidential candidate, economist *[[Ghia Nodia]], minister of education and science; political scientist ==Germany== {{main|List of German scientists}} *[[Alexander von Humboldt]], [[geographer]], botanist d. 1859 *[[Max Planck]], physicist, d. 1947 *[[Martin Heidegger]], philosopher, d. 1976 ==Great Britain== :''Pages appear in [[:Category:British scientists]]'' *[[John Law]], Scottish economist, writer; Controller General of Finances under the [[Duke of Orleans]], who was regent for Louis XV of France *[[Meave Leakey]], anthropologist *[[James Mirrlees]], Scottish, won a Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences ==Greece== :''Pages appear in [[:Category:Greek scientists]]'' *[[Yanis Varoufakis]], finance minister; economist * [[Eratosthenes]] * [[Euclid]] * [[Pythagoras]] ==Hungary== :''Pages appear in [[:Category:Hungarian scientists]]'' *[[János Bolyai]], mathematician, one of the founders of [[non-Euclidean geometry]] — a geometry that differs from [[Euclidean geometry]] in its definition of [[parallel]] lines; died in 1860 *[[John von Neumann]], [[Hungarians|Hungarian]]-[[Americans|American]] [[mathematician]], [[physicist]]; he had an [[Enrico Fermi Award]] ==Ireland== :''Pages appear in [[:Category:Irish scientists]]'' *[[Robert Boyle]], Anglo-Irish, known for [[Boyle's law]]; physicist, chemist ==Italy== :''Pages appear in [[:Category:Italian scientists]]'' * [[Gerolamo Cardano]], he invented - partially - the [[gimbal]] consisting of three [[concentric]] rings allowing a supported [[compass]] or [[gyroscope]] to rotate freely, and the [[driveshaft|Cardan shaft]];<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GNpEPgAACAAJ |title=Jerome Cardan: A Biographical Study |publisher= [[Dodo Press]] |isbn=9781409959595 |date=January 2009 }}</ref> died in 1576 *[[Enrico Fermi]], Italian-American, was creator of the first nuclear reactor; physicist *[[Rita Levi-Montalcini]], she had the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]; neurologist ==Kosovo== *[[Idriz Ajeti]] (the first chief of [[Kosova Academy of Sciences and Arts]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://serbiaworldnews.wordpress.com/2015/02/19/chronology-of-the-serbian-albanian-relationships-from-the-berlin-congress-to-the-march-pogrom-2004/|title=CHRONOLOGY OF THE SERBIAN – ALBANIAN RELATIONSHIPS FROM THE BERLIN CONGRESS TO THE MARCH POGROM 2004|first=Serbia world|last=news.rs|date=19 February 2015}}</ref> ==Latvia== :''Pages appear in [[:Category:Latvian scientists]]'' *[[Rūsiņš Mārtiņš Freivalds]], discovered [[Freivalds' algorithm]] for checking the [[correctness]] of [[matrix product]]s; [[Theoretical computer science]]; died in 2016 *[[Wilhelm Ostwald]], Latvian-German; he had a [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] ==Lithuania== *[[Gitanas Nausėda]], president, economist *[[Vyda Ragulskienė]], was the first woman to become [[Habilitation|Dr.habil.]] of technical sciences in Lithuania *[[Ingrida Šimonytė]], prime minister, economist ==Luxembourg== :''Pages appear in [[:Category:Luxembourgian scientists]]'' *[[Ernest Mühlen]], was [[Member of the European Parliament]]; economist *[[Jean-Paul Pier]], was known for his works on the [[harmonic analysis]] and the [[history of mathematics]] ==Macedonia== *[[Ratko Janev]], was a member of the [[Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts]]; [[Atomic physics]] ==Moldova== *[[Natalia Gavrilița]], prime minister, economist ==Netherlands== :''Pages appear in [[:Category:Dutch scientists]]'' *[[Pieter Zeeman]], he shared a Nobel Prize in Physics ==Norway== :''Pages appear in [[:Category:Norwegian scientists]]'' *[[Niels Henrik Abel]], did the first complete proof demonstrating the impossibility of solving the [[general quintic equation]] [[:en:General quintic equation|(en)]] in [[radical]]s; mathematician; died in 1829<ref name=LastYears>{{cite web|url=http://www.abelprize.no/c53672/artikkel/vis.html?tid=53897|title=The Biography of Niels Henrik Abel: His last years|website=www.abelprize.no|access-date=2017-09-17|archive-date=2018-04-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409111612/http://www.abelprize.no/c53672/artikkel/vis.html?tid=53897|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://snl.no/Niels_Henrik_Abel. [[Store norske leksikon]]</ref> *[[Kaare R. Norum]] * [[Jacqueline Naze Tjøtta]], French-Norwegian, the first female mathematical sciences professor in [[Norway]];<ref name=ap>{{Cite news|url=http://www.aftenposten.no/personalia/Nekrolog-Jacqueline-Andre-Naze-Tjotta-617311b.html |title=Nekrolog: Jacqueline Andreè Naze Tjøtta |work=[[Aftenposten]] |first1=Jarle |last1=Berntsen |first2=Per |last2=Lunde |language=no|date=16 March 2017|access-date=26 March 2017}}</ref> [[Applied mathematics]], she died in 2017 ==Poland== :''Pages appear in [[:Category:Polish scientists]]'' *[[Nicolaus Copernicus]], astronomer, d. 1543 *[[Hugo Steinhaus]], was known for his [[Banach–Steinhaus theorem]] ==Portugal== :''Pages appear in [[:Category:Portuguese scientists]]'' *[[Carlos Moedas]], mayor of [[Lisbon]]; civil engineer, economist *[[Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues]], former president of the [[Assembly of the Republic]]; economist ==Romania== {{main|List of Romanian scientists}} ==Russia== :''Pages appear in [[:Category:Russian scientists]]'' *[[Andrei Sakharov]] (d. 1989), Russian-born Soviet nuclear physicist; peace activist * [[Leonid Kantorovich]] - Russian mathematician * [[Sofya Kovalevskaya]] - Russian mathematician ==Slovakia== *[[Philipp Lenard]] (d. 1947), physicist, born in [[Bratislava|Pressburg]] (''Pozsony'', in today's Bratislava, Slovakia), in the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] ==Slovenia== :''Pages appear in [[:Category:Slovenian scientists]]'' *[[Janez Stanovnik]], was president of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia; economist ==Spain== :''Pages appear in [[:Category:Spanish scientists]]'' *[[Clara Ponsatí i Obiols]], Counsellor of Education of the Generalitat of Catalonia; economist * [[Santiago Ramón y Cajal]], was a medical doctor who got a Nobel Prize ==Sweden== :''Pages appear in [[:Category:Swedish scientists]]'' *[[Alfred Nobel]] (d. 1896), chemist, engineer, inventor ==Switzerland== :''Pages appear in [[:Category:Swiss scientists]]'' * [[Leonhard Euler]], was the first to show the [[notion]] of (or idea about), a [[function (mathematics)|mathematical function]];<ref name="function">{{harvnb|Dunham|1999|p=17}}</ref> died in 1783 ==Turkey== * [[List of Turkish scientists]] ==Ukraine== :''Pages appear in [[:Category:Ukrainian scientists]]'' *[[Anatoliy Kinakh]], former prime minister; economist *[[Kostiantyn Sytnyk]] - he was a [[Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada]] (a [[parliament]]) of the [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic]]; [[Botany]]; he died in 2017 *[[Arseniy Yatsenyuk]], has been prime minister; economist ==Related pages== *[[List of scientists from Africa]] *[[List of scientists from Asia]] *[[List of scientists from North America]] *[[List of scientists from Oceania]] *[[List of scientists from South America]] *[[List of sociologists from Europe]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:European scientists}} [[Category:Lists of scientists by continent]] [[Category:European scientists|*]] [[Category:Lists of European people|scientists]] f0ss8928dm91tjmsyw6u4il8w3fxmzy 0 599940 10368487 8524873 2025-07-02T23:34:05Z 2A00:23CC:E80A:AD01:8AA8:88A3:4BB0:ADF7 10368487 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Ernakulam District | other_name = | settlement_type = District | image_skyline = Kochi, Fishing nets at sunset, Kerala, India.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = | map_alt = | image_map = India Kerala Ernakulam district.svg | map_caption = Location in Kerala, India | coordinates = {{coord|10.00|N|76.33|E|region:IN-KL_type:adm3rd|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]] | established_title = <!-- Established --> | established_date = April 1958 | founder = | named_for = | seat_type = Headquarters | seat = [[Kakkanad]] | government_type = | governing_body = | leader_title1 = Collector | leader_name1 = [[Mohammed Y. Safirulla]] | leader_title2 = SubCollector | leader_name2 = Suhas S | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = <ref name="censusindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/maps/atlas/32part1.pdf|title=Part I: state|publisher=Government of India Census portal|access-date=8 December 2015}}</ref> | area_rank = 4 | area_total_km2 = 3068 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = 3279860 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = 1069 | population_demonym = | population_note = <ref name="districtcensus" /> | demographics_type1 = Languages | demographics1_title1 = Official | demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam]], [[English language|English]] | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --> | postal_code = | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-KL-KO]], IN-KL | registration_plate = KL-7, KL-17, KL-39, KL-40, KL-41, KL-42, KL-43, KL-44, KL-63, KL -79 | website = {{URL|www.ernakulam.nic.in}} | footnotes = }} '''Ernakulam''' is a [[districts of India|district]] of [[Kerala]], India in the central part of that state. Spanning an area of about 3,068&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>, Ernakulam district is home to over 12% of Kerala’s population. Its headquarters is located at [[Kakkanad]], a suburb of [[Kochi]] city. Ernakulam is known as the commercial capital of Kerala. The district is famous for its ancient [[temple]]s, [[Saint Thomas Christian churches|churches]], and [[mosque]]s. The district includes the largest metropolitan region of the state, [[Greater Cochin]]. Ernakulam district is the highest revenue yielding district<ref name="Income and Population">{{Cite web |publisher=Govt of Kerala |url=http://www.kerala.gov.in/dept_planning/er/chapter3.pdf |title=District-wise Income |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215200714/http://www.kerala.gov.in/dept_planning/er/chapter3.pdf |archive-date=15 February 2010 |df=dmy }}2</ref> in the state. It is the third most populous district in Kerala, after [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]] and [[Thiruvananthapuram district|Thiruvananthapuram]] (out of [[List of districts in Kerala|14]]).<ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/278-ernakulam.html | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 30 September 2011 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> Ernakulam district also hosts the highest number of international and domestic tourists in Kerala state. The language spoken in [[Ernakulam]] is [[Malayalam]] which is the mother-tongue of Kerala. English is widely used, especially in business circles. Ernakulam became India's first district having 100 percent banking or full 'meaningful financial inclusion' in 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ernakulam to be declared first district with 100% banking |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/banking/ernakulam-to-be-declared-first-district-with-100-banking/article4098347.ece |access-date=27 February 2013 |newspaper=The Hindu Businessline |date=15 November 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Soundarapandian|first=Mookkiah|title=Literacy Campaign in India|year=2000|publisher=Discovery Publishing House|location=New Delhi|page=21|isbn=9788171415533|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KVhHEC449yoC&dq=ernakulam+district+first+fully+literate+district&pg=PA21}}</ref> From ancient times Ernakulam district has played a part in the political history of south India. The Arabs, Chinese, Dutch, French, Moroccan, British and Portuguese seafarers followed the sea route to Kingdom of Cochin and left their impressions in the town. In 1896, the Maharaja of Cochin initiated local administration by forming a town council in Ernakulam. Initially Ernakulam district's headquarters was at Ernakulam, which gave the district its name; the headquarters was later shifted to Kakkanad. ==Demographics== According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Ernakulam district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 3,282,388,<ref name="districtcensus"/> roughly equal to the nation of [[Mauritania]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote = Mauritania 3,281,634 July 2011 est. | archive-date = 27 September 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110927165947/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> or the US state of [[Iowa]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |title=2010 Resident Population Data |publisher=U. S. Census Bureau |access-date=30 September 2011 |quote=Iowa 3,046,355 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |archive-date=19 October 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 104th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 1069 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 5.6%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Ernakulam has a [[sex ratio]] of 1028 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 95.68%.<ref name=districtcensus/> This district is listed as the "most advanced" district in Kerala. It had a resident population of 3,105,798 as of 2001, excluding the huge commuter traffic from neighbouring districts. It is urbanised 68.07%.<ref>[http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/kerala/press%20note_kerala.pdf censusindia.gov.in]</ref> [[Hindu]]s (46.53) accounts for the largest community followed by [[Christian]]s (38.78 including Syrians and Latins) and [[Muslim]]s (14.55). A small population of [[Jainism in Kerala|Jains]], [[Jew]]s and [[Sikh]]s are also residing in Kochi.<ref>[http://www.ernakulam.nic.in/district_profile.htm Official Ernakulam District Profile] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721165413/http://www.ernakulam.nic.in/district_profile.htm |date=21 July 2011 }}</ref> Also, Ernakulam district has the highest number of Christian population in [[India]]. The most important religious communities of the district are [[Ezhavas]] with 756,475 members, [[Nair]]s with 356,321 members [[Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church|Jacobites]] with 474,572 members [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church|Syrian Catholics]] with 305,512 members, Latin Christians with 260,258 [[Malankara Orthodox Church]] with 54,568 and [[Muslim]]s with 456,275 members. In addition to the major communities the [[Buddhists]], the [[Jainism in Kerala|Jains]], the [[Sikhs]], and the [[Cochin Jews|Jews]] also form part of the cosmopolitan population. The ancestors of the [[Jews]] migrated from [[Jerusalem]] in 70 A.D. to [[India]]. Now there are very few Jewish families in [[Kochi, India|Cochin]] as most of them were converted to [[Saint Thomas Christians|Syrian Christians]] (Nasranis), and the rest migrated to [[Israel]] in the 20th century. The 15.7% of the population are [[Malayalam]] speaking [[Sunni]] [[Shafi'i]] [[Muslim]]s. == References == {{reflist|30em}} ==Other websites== *{{Commons category-inline|Ernakulam district}} *{{Official website|http://ernakulam.nic.in}} *{{dmoz|Regional/Asia/India/Kerala/Districts/Ernakulam}} {{Geographic Location |Centre = Ernakulam district |North = [[Thrissur district]] |Northeast = [[Coimbatore district]], [[Tamil Nadu]] |East = [[Idukki district]] |South = [[Kottayam district]] |Southwest = ''[[Lakshadweep Sea]]'', [[Alappuzha district]] |Southeast = [[Idukki district]] |West = ''[[Lakshadweep Sea]]'' |Northwest = ''[[Lakshadweep Sea]]'' }} {{asia-stub}} [[Category:Districts of Kerala]] 0drxwwxs8bxreijvyzmo0owx2t75ldh 0 608598 10368138 10349526 2025-07-02T19:36:21Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ US-EN 10368138 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = Courage The Cowardly Dog logo.png | genre = {{Plainlist| * [[Comedy horror]] * [[Black comedy]] * [[Supernatural fiction|Supernatural]] }} | creator = [[John R. Dilworth]] | voices = {{Plainlist| * [[Marty Grabstein]] * [[Thea White]] * [[Lionel Wilson (voice actor)|Lionel Wilson]] (seasons 1–3) * [[Arthur Anderson (actor)|Arthur Anderson]] (seasons 3–4) * Howard Hoffman (''The Chicken from Outer Space'') }} | director = John R. Dilworth | opentheme = "Courage the Cowardly Dog" | endtheme = "Courage the Cowardly Dog" (Instrumental) | composer = {{Plainlist| * Jody Gray * Andy Ezrin }} | country = United States | language = English | network = [[Cartoon Network]] | executive_producer = John R. Dilworth | producer = {{Plainlist| * Robert Winthrop (season 1) * Winnie Chaffee (seasons 2–4) }} | company = {{Plainlist| * [[Stretch Films]] * [[Hanna-Barbera]] (pilot only) }} | num_seasons = 4 | num_episodes = 52 (102 segments) | list_episodes = | runtime = 22 minutes (11 minutes per segment) | first_aired = {{Start date|1999|11|12}} | last_aired = {{End date|2002|11|22}} | related = ''[[What a Cartoon!]]'' }} '''''Courage the Cowardly Dog''''' is an American animated [[Horror fiction|horror]] [[comedy]] television series created by [[John R. Dilworth]] for [[Cartoon Network]] as part of the network's [[Cartoon Cartoons]] block. The main character is the pink [[dog]] who lives with a married elderly couple (Muriel and Eustace Bagge) in the middle of Nowhere. The dog, Courage is voiced by Dilworth while Muriel is voiced by [[Thea White]] and Eustace was voiced by [[Lionel Wilson]] (until 33rd episode due to illness) and by [[Arthur Anderson]]. [[Paul Schoeffler]] voices The Computer, Courage's smart and loyal friend which is a computer. Guest appearances include [[Billie Lou Watt]], [[Peter Fernandez]], [[Ringo Starr]], [[Tom Kenny]], [[Jim Cummings]], and [[Tim Curry]]. It premiered on November 12, 1999 and ended on November 22, 2002, with four seasons of 13 episodes each produced. During its run, the series was nominated for 3 [[Golden Reel Award (Motion Picture Sound Editors)|Golden Reel Awards]] and 1 [[Annie Award]]. The series received critical acclaim from critics and audiences and has developed a strong [[cult]] status. ==Cast== * Marty Grabstein – Courage * Thea White – Muriel Bagge * Lionel Wilson (Episodes 1–33), Arthur Anderson (Episodes 34–52) – Eustace Bagge ==Disney Style== Courage in Disney Style Courage from Courage the Cowardly Dog in the style of [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Disney]] is not [[Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] beyond, Though all six are non-human animals, Disney style alone is not dressed as a human. == International Versions == === Danish: Dubbing år: ukendt === * Christian Damsgaard – Frygtløs * Bente Eskesen – Myrna * Dick Kaysø – Egon * Karin Jagd – Egons mor, Shirley, med flere * Peter Zhelder – Katz, Frode, Computeren, med flere * Thomas Kirk * Michael Elo ==Other websites== *{{Commons-inline|Category:Courage the Cowardly Dog}} *{{Wikiquote-inline|Courage the Cowardly Dog}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20000304003158/http://www.cartoonnetwork.com/doc/courage/index.html Courage the Cowardly Dog] - [[Cartoon Network]] Department of Cartoons (Archive) *{{bcdb|Other_Studios/S/Stretch_Films/Courage_the_Cowardly_Dog/}} *{{IMDb title|0220880}} {{tv-stub}} [[Category:1999 American television series debuts]] [[Category:1990s American animated television series]] [[Category:1990s American comedy television series]] [[Category:American horror television series]] [[Category:Cartoon Network series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:2002 American television series endings]] [[Category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:2000s American comedy television series]] [[Category:2000s horror television series]] 97n31mffshdcm8npep7qy1nthemn7qx 0 614517 10369186 10327525 2025-07-03T08:17:51Z Cactusisme 1477024 10369186 wikitext text/x-wiki {{good}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Mia Love | image = Mia Love Congressional Photo.jpg | state = [[Utah]] | district = {{ushr|UT|4|4th}} | term_start = January 3, 2015 | term_end = January 3, 2019 | predecessor = [[Jim Matheson]] | successor = [[Ben McAdams]] | office1 = Mayor of [[Saratoga Springs, Utah|Saratoga Springs]] | term_start1 = January 8, 2010 | term_end1 = January 8, 2014 | predecessor1 = Timothy Parker | successor1 = Jim Miller | birth_name = Ludmya Bourdeau | birth_date = {{birth date|1975|12|6}} | birth_place = [[Brooklyn]], [[New York (state)|New York]], U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|2025|3|23|1975|12|6}} | death_place = [[Saratoga Springs, Utah|Saratoga Springs]], [[Utah]], U.S. | death_cause = [[Glioblastoma]] | party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | spouse = {{marriage|Jason Love|1998}} | children = 3 | education = [[University of Hartford]] ([[Bachelor of Fine Arts|BFA]]) | module = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=Mia Love speaks in opposition to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action.ogg|title=Love's voice|type=speech|description=Love opposing the [[Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action]]<br />Recorded July 14, 2015}} | caption = Official portrait, 2015 }} '''Ludmya''' "'''Mia'''" '''Love''' ([[née]] '''Bourdeau'''; December 6, 1975 – March 23, 2025) was an American politician and [[Commentary|commentator]]. She was a member of the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]] for [[Utah's 4th congressional district]] from 2015 to 2019. She was a member of the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]]. She was the first [[Haitian American]] elected to [[United States Congress|Congress]], the first [[Black American]] elected to Congress from Utah, and the first Republican black woman elected to Congress.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Press|first=Associated|date=2025-03-24|title=Mia Love, first Black Republican woman elected to Congress, dies aged 49|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/mar/24/mia-love-dead|access-date=2025-03-24|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref name=NYTobit/> Born to [[Haitians|Haitian]] parents in the [[New York City]] [[boroughs of New York City|borough]] of [[Brooklyn]], Love was raised in [[Connecticut]] and graduated from the [[University of Hartford]]. Having moved to [[Utah]] in 1998, she was elected mayor of [[Saratoga Springs, Utah]], in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/705357231/Saratoga-Springs-swears-in-Mia-Love-Utahs-first-black-woman-mayor.html?pg=all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107132831/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/705357231/Saratoga-Springs-swears-in-Mia-Love-Utahs-first-black-woman-mayor.html?pg=all|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 7, 2012|title= Mia Love Wins Utah Mayoral Race|website= [[Deseret News]]|date= January 9, 2010}}</ref> She was on its City Council before being elected mayor. She spoke at the [[2012 Republican National Convention]] which made her well known across the country and Republican Party. That year, she ran for the U.S. House of Representatives in Utah's 4th congressional district, but lost to [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] U.S. Representative [[Jim Matheson]]. She ran for the U.S. House again and was elected in 2014. During her time in congress, Love was known for supporting [[immigration|immigration reform]] and spoke out against President [[Donald Trump|Donald Trump's]] political ideas.<ref name=Trump1/> She also created laws that made it illegal for congress members to [[Settlement (litigation)|settle]] [[sexual harassment]] claims with [[taxes|taxpayer money]] and raised limits on how large [[community banks]] can grow. She was re-elected in 2016, but lost her re-election in 2018 to Democrat [[Salt Lake County, Utah|Salt Lake County]] Mayor [[Ben McAdams]] by 694 votes. After her political career, Love was hired by [[CNN]] as a political commentator in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sltrib.com/news/2019/01/07/mia-love-goes-work-cnn/|title=Mia Love goes to work for CNN, says she'll bring an 'unleashed' Republican perspective|website=The Salt Lake Tribune|language=en-US|access-date=March 20, 2020}}</ref> She also became a [[fellow]] at the [[University of Sydney]] and at [[Georgetown University]]. Love died from [[glioblastoma]], a rare type of [[brain cancer]], in March 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Timsit |first=Annabelle |date=March 24, 2025 |title=Mia Love, first Black Republican congresswoman, dies at 49 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/obituaries/2025/03/24/mia-love-dead-brain-cancer/ |access-date=March 24, 2025 |newspaper=The Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> ==Early life== Love was born Ludmya Bourdeau on December 6, 1975, in [[Brooklyn, New York|Brooklyn]], [[New York City]].<ref name="Anderson 2012-09-28" /> She was the daughter of Mary and Jean Maxime Bourdeau.<ref name="MJ">{{cite news |last= Mencimer |first= Stephanie |title= GOP Rising Star Mia Love: "Anchor Baby"?|url= https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2012/09/republican-rising-star-mia-love-anchor-baby |newspaper= Mother Jones |date= September 24, 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141105161718/https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2012/09/republican-rising-star-mia-love-anchor-baby |archive-date= November 5, 2014 |url-status= live }}</ref> Her parents [[emigration|emigrated]] together from [[Haiti]] in 1973.<ref name="Anderson 2012-09-28">{{cite news |first= Stuart |last= Anderson |date= September 28, 2012 |url= https://www.forbes.com/sites/stuartanderson/2012/09/28/mia-love-may-be-right-about-her-familys-immigration-history |title= Mia Love May Be Right About Her Family's Immigration History |website= Forbes.com |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141105162029/http://www.forbes.com/sites/stuartanderson/2012/09/28/mia-love-may-be-right-about-her-familys-immigration-history |archive-date= November 5, 2014 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first= Stephanie |last= Mencimer |date= October 1, 2012 |title= Mia Love May Have Been Her Parents' "Ticket to America" After All |newspaper= Mother Jones |url= https://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2012/10/mia-love-may-be-anchor-baby-after-all |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141105162038/https://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2012/10/mia-love-may-be-anchor-baby-after-all |archive-date= November 5, 2014 |url-status= live }}</ref> Her father had been threatened by [[corruption|corrupt]] police in Haiti, and her parents traveled to the [[United States]] on a [[visa|tourist visa]].<ref name="From Broadway to Capitol Hill">{{cite news |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141104232826/http://www.sltrib.com/55031749-90/love-mia-bourdeau-family.html |archive-date= November 4, 2014 |url= http://www.sltrib.com/55031749-90/love-mia-bourdeau-family.html |first1= Robert |last1= Gehrke |first2= Matt |last2= Canham |title= Mia Love: From Dream of Broadway to Capitol Hill |newspaper= The Salt Lake Tribune |date= October 8, 2012 |url-status= live }}</ref> Her father became a paint company manager, and her mother worked as a nurse.<ref name="corner">[http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/296682/daughter-haitian-immigrants-gop-congressional-nominee-utah-john-fund John Fund, "Daughter of Haitian Immigrants Is GOP Congressional Nominee in Utah"], The Corner, ''National Review'', April 22, 2012</ref> Love's parents were able to get [[Permanent residence (United States)|U.S. residency permits]] since Love was born in the United States.<ref name="Anderson 2012-09-28"/><ref name="MJ" /><ref name="Deseret">{{cite news |last= Benson |first= Lee |title= About Utah: King's dream certainly thrives along the shores of Utah Lake |url= http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700101394/Kings-dream-certainly-thrives-along-the-shores-of-Utah-Lake.html?pg=all |newspaper= Deseret News |date= January 17, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141105164658/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700101394/Kings-dream-certainly-thrives-along-the-shores-of-Utah-Lake.html?pg=all |archive-date= November 5, 2014 |url-status= dead |quote= There was an immigration law in place, however, that would grant the entire family citizenship if Jean Maxine and Mary had a baby in America. But there was a deadline. The law was set to expire on Jan. 1, 1976. On Dec. 6, 1975, with 25 days to spare, Mia was born in a Brooklyn hospital.}}</ref> They later became U.S. citizens.<ref>{{cite news |first= Billy |last= Hesterman |url= http://www.heraldextra.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/elections/saratoga-springs-mayor-mia-love-officially-in-congressional-race/article_5792104d-fab5-5cad-9e32-5e99f2e27b0f.html |title= Saratoga Springs Mayor Mia Love Officially Enters Congressional Race |newspaper= [[Daily Herald (Utah)|Provo Daily Herald]] |date= January 6, 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121105181845/http://www.heraldextra.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/elections/saratoga-springs-mayor-mia-love-officially-in-congressional-race/article_5792104d-fab5-5cad-9e32-5e99f2e27b0f.html |archive-date= November 5, 2012 |url-status= live }}</ref> When Love was five, her family moved from Brooklyn to [[Norwalk, Connecticut]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/politicsnow/la-pn-mia-love-20141105-story.html |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |first1=John M. |last1=Glionna |first2=Matt |last2=Pearce |date=November 5, 2014 |title=GOP hopes Mia Love's win a watershed moment for the party |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141115231319/http://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/politicsnow/la-pn-mia-love-20141105-story.html |archive-date= November 15, 2014 |url-status= live}}</ref> Love went to Norwalk High School.<ref name="From Broadway to Capitol Hill"/><ref>{{cite news |first= Joseph M. |last= Dougherty |url= http://www.deseretnews.com/article/705358639/Mayor-Mia-Love-honors-Martin-Luther-King-Jr-in-speech.html |title= Mayor Mia Love honors Martin Luther King Jr. in speech |newspaper= Deseret News |date= January 15, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141104234923/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/705358639/Mayor-Mia-Love-honors-Martin-Luther-King-Jr-in-speech.html |archive-date= November 4, 2014 |url-status= dead }}</ref> She was raised as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehour.com/norwalk/article/Mia-Love-went-from-humble-Norwalk-beginnings-to-8113844.php|title=Mia Love went from humble Norwalk beginnings, to a rising Republican star|publisher=The Hour|accessdate=May 7, 2025|date=December 11, 2014}}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Love studied at the [[University of Hartford|University of Hartford Hartt School]] on a [[scholarship]].<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.sltrib.com/1829652-155/mia-love-searching-for-stardom-a |newspaper= Salt Lake Tribune |first= Matt |last= Canham |date= November 23, 2014 |title= Mia Love: Searching for stardom; a Mormon conversion |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141124214045/http://www.sltrib.com/1829652-155/mia-love-searching-for-stardom-a |archive-date= November 24, 2014 |url-status= live }}</ref> She graduated with a degree in musical theatre.<ref name="From Broadway to Capitol Hill"/> == Early career == After college, Love worked at Sento Corporation and the Echopass Corporation.<ref name="Mayor Mia Love">{{citation |url= http://www.saratogaspringscity.com/government/mayorcouncil/mlove.php |contribution= Mayor & City Council: Mayor Mia Love |title= Saratoga Springs official website (SaratogaSpringsCity.com) |publisher= City of [[Saratoga Springs, Utah]] |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120911160828/http://www.saratogaspringscity.com/government/mayorcouncil/mlove.php |archive-date= September 11, 2012 |url-status= dead }}</ref> She was also a [[flight attendant]] with [[Continental Airlines]].<ref name="Deseret" /><ref name="Haddock 2004-09-27">{{cite news |first= Sharon |last= Haddock |url= http://www.deseretnews.com/article/595094224/Political-novice-lovin-it.html |title= Political Novice Lovin' it |newspaper= Deseret News |date= September 27, 2004 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141105172855/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/595094224/Political-novice-lovin-it.html |archive-date= November 5, 2014 |url-status= dead }}</ref> Love moved to [[Utah]] in 1998.<ref name="From Broadway to Capitol Hill" /> Love became active in politics when she became the community spokesperson in [[Saratoga Springs, Utah]] to stop [[real estate|real estate developer]]s of her neighborhood to spray against flies.<ref name="From Broadway to Capitol Hill" /> In 2003, Love won a seat on the Saratoga Springs City Council.<ref name="Haddock 2004-09-27"/> She was the first female [[Haitian American]] elected official in [[Utah County]].<ref name="Haddock 2004-09-27"/> She took office in January 2004.<ref name="Haddock 2004-09-27"/> She worked with other city council members to cut costs and helped lower the city's debt from $3.5 million to $779,000.<ref>{{cite news |last= Rolly |first= Paul |url= http://www.sltrib.com/52932194-82/republican-tax-love-congressional.html |title= Mia Love causing a GOP stir nationally |newspaper= The Salt Lake Tribune |date= November 19, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141104233419/http://www.sltrib.com/52932194-82/republican-tax-love-congressional.html |archive-date= November 4, 2014 |url-status= live }}</ref> After six years on the council, Love was elected mayor of Saratoga Springs.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.sltrib.com/news/ci_13741120 |first= Donald W. |last= Myers |title= Mia Love: Race not a factor for Utah's first black female mayor-elect |newspaper= The Salt Lake Tribune |date= November 9, 2009 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141104233332/http://www.sltrib.com/news/ci_13741120|archive-date=November 4, 2014 |url-status= live }}</ref> She was mayor from January 2010 to January 2014.<ref name="Mayor Mia Love"/> During her term, Love led the city in dealing with [[natural disasters]], including a [[wildfire]] and a [[mudslide]].<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.heraldextra.com/news/local/north/saratoga-springs/mia-love-thankful-for-chance-to-serve-saratoga-springs/article_cf8c7b2a-a59d-5cb6-8160-f7cc83ce5d8f.html |title =Mia Love thankful for chance to serve Saratoga Springs |newspaper= Provo Daily Herald |first= Cathy |last= Allred |date= December 26, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131229000800/http://www.heraldextra.com/news/local/north/saratoga-springs/mia-love-thankful-for-chance-to-serve-saratoga-springs/article_cf8c7b2a-a59d-5cb6-8160-f7cc83ce5d8f.html |archive-date= December 29, 2013 |url-status= live }}</ref> ==2012 U.S. House campaign== [[File:Mia Love (1).jpg|thumb|right|180px|Love speaking in 2011]] In 2012, Love ran for the [[United States House of Representatives]] in [[Utah's 4th congressional district]].<ref name=kick/> The district was created after the [[2010 United States Census|2010 Census]].<ref name=kick>{{cite news |last= Gehrke |first= Robert |title= Saratoga Springs Mayor Mia Love to kick off campaign |url= http://www.sltrib.com/53233798-90/love-mayor-district-congressional.html |newspaper= The Salt Lake Tribune |date= January 4, 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141104233638/http://www.sltrib.com/53233798-90/love-mayor-district-congressional.html |archive-date= November 4, 2014 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= Saulny |first= Susan |title= Black Mormons and the Politics of Identity |url =https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/23/us/for-black-mormons-a-political-choice-like-no-other.html |newspaper= [[The New York Times]] |date= May 22, 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141105064855/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/23/us/for-black-mormons-a-political-choice-like-no-other.html|archive-date= November 5, 2014 |url-status= live }}</ref> She ran for the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nomination against lawyer Jay Cobb and [[Utah House of Representatives|state representatives]] Stephen Sandstrom and Carl Wimmer.<ref name=hatch/> She won the nomination on April 21, 2012, with over 70 percent of the vote.<ref name=hatch> {{cite news|last=Romboy |first=Dennis |url= https://www.ksl.com/article/20087870/mia-love-gets-nomination-hatch-liljenquist-head-to-primary |title= Mia Love gets nomination; Hatch, Liljenquist head to primary |work=KSL |date=April 21, 2012 |access-date=March 25, 2025}}</ref> On December 15, 2011, six-term [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] [[incumbent]] U.S. Represenative [[Jim Matheson]] of the state's [[Utah's 2nd congressional district|2nd congressional district]] had announced that he would run for the [[Utah's 4th congressional district|4th congressional district]] seat as well.<ref>{{cite news |last=Romboy |first=Dennis |url= https://www.ksl.com/article/18508736 |title= Matheson jumps to 4th Congressional District for re-election |work=KSL |date= December 15, 2011 |access-date=March 25, 2025}}</ref> Love became well known on the [[United States|national level]] during her campaign and had the support of [[Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign|2012 Republican presidential nominee]] [[Mitt Romney]] and his wife [[Ann Romney]], [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|House Majority Leader]] [[Eric Cantor]], U.S. Representative and [[2012 United States presidential election|2012 Republican vice presidential nominee]] [[Paul Ryan]], and [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker of the House]] [[John Boehner]].<ref>{{cite news |last= Canham |first= Matt |url= http://www.sltrib.com/53424815-90/chaffetz-love-campaign-wimmer.html |title= Chaffetz helps Love with Washington introductions, but says he won't endorse |newspaper= The Salt Lake Tribune |date= February 1, 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141104233736/http://www.sltrib.com/53424815-90/chaffetz-love-campaign-wimmer.html |archive-date= November 4, 2014 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.sltrib.com/54609778-90/boehner-campaign-center-district.html |title= Love getting boost from national GOP stars |first= Robert |last= Gehrke |newspaper= [[The Salt Lake Tribune]] |date= August 1, 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141104233843/http://www.sltrib.com/54609778-90/boehner-campaign-center-district.html |archive-date= November 4, 2014 |url-status= live }}</ref> In 2012, the ''[[National Journal]]'' named Love one of ten [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]] to follow on [[Twitter]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/ten-republicans-twitter-221744599.html|title=Ten Republicans to follow on Twitter|author=Adam Mazmanian|publisher=National Journal|date=August 27, 2012|accessdate=November 20, 2015}}</ref> Love spoke at the [[2012 Republican National Convention]] where she talked about the lessons she learned from her immigrant parents.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.deseretnews.com/article/765600023/Utah-congressional-candidate-gives-speech-at-RNC.html |title= 'Revive' America, Utah congressional candidate Mia Love tells RNC, draws rousing cheers |newspaper= Deseret News |agency= [[Associated Press|AP]] |date= August 28, 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141105180124/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/765600023/Utah-congressional-candidate-gives-speech-at-RNC.html |archive-date= November 5, 2014 |url-status= dead }}</ref> She spoke out against then-President [[Barack Obama]] and said "Mr. President, I am here to tell you we are not buying what you are selling in 2012".<ref name="NatlJMiaLoveNov2014">{{citation |url= http://www.nationaljournal.com/almanac/2014-new-members/utah-4-mia-love-r-20141105 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20141123031221/http://www.nationaljournal.com/almanac/2014-new-members/utah-4-mia-love-r-20141105 |archive-date= November 23, 2014 |title=Utah-4: Mia Love (R) |magazine=[[National Journal]] |date=November 5, 2014}}</ref> [[CNN]] called Love as a "rising star".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2012/05/01/house-candidate-and-rising-gop-star-is-black-female-and-mormon/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502055730/http://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2012/05/01/house-candidate-and-rising-gop-star-is-black-female-and-mormon/|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 2, 2012|title=House candidate and rising GOP star is black, female − and Mormon}}</ref> In November 2012, Love lost the general election to [[Jim Matheson]] by 768 votes out of 245,277 votes cast, a difference of 0.31%.<ref>{{citation |url= http://elections.utah.gov/Media/Default/2012%20Canvass/2012%20General%20Canvass%20Report.xlsx |title= Utah Lieutenant Governor's Office, General Canvass Report, 2012 |work= elections.utah.gov |format= [[XLSX]] formatted [[spreadsheet]] |access-date= 2025-05-07 |archive-date= 2022-11-09 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221109090850/https://elections.utah.gov/Media/Default/2012%20Canvass/2012%20General%20Canvass%20Report.xlsx |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref name="New district">{{Cite web|url=https://www.deseret.com/2012/11/7/20509532/jim-matheson-claims-victory-over-mia-love-in-very-close-4th-district-race|title=Jim Matheson claims victory over Mia Love in very close 4th District race|first=Dennis|last=Romboy|date=November 7, 2012|website=Deseret News}}</ref> Commentators thought Love ran a weak campaign because she switched campaign managers three times, was not focused on local issues, missed interviews and had some problems with her staff.<ref name=tangles>{{cite news |url= http://www.sltrib.com/54522813-82/campaign-love-republican-congressional |title= Mia Love's campaign is all in tangles |newspaper= The Salt Lake Tribune |first= Paul |last= Rolly |date= July 21, 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141212210722/http://www.sltrib.com/54522813-82/campaign-love-republican-congressional |archive-date= December 12, 2014 |url-status= live }}</ref> ==2014 U.S. House campaign== [[File:Mia Love by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Love at [[CPAC]] in March 2013]] In May 2013, Love announced she would run for the U.S. House again in 2014.<ref name=raised/> Love had raised over $475,000 for her campaign.<ref name=raised>{{cite news |last= Joseph |first= Cameron |title= Mia Love raises $475K for House rematch |date= July 15, 2013 |newspaper= [[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |url= https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/house-races/156201-mia-love-raises-475k-for-house-rematch/ |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141105200046/http://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/house-races/311047-mia-love-raises-475k-for-house-rematch |archive-date= November 5, 2014 |url-status= live }}</ref> In November 2013, Love spoke about the [[Tea Party movement]] and spoke out against [[Government shutdown in the United States|shutting down the federal government]] because of the budget.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865590533/Mia-Love-rejects-tea-party-label-disagrees-with-tactics-that-led-to-shutdown.html?pg=all |first= Lisa Riley |last= Roche |title= Mia Love says I Don't Believe in Labels |newspaper= Deseret News |date= November 13, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141105201111/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865590533/Mia-Love-rejects-tea-party-label-disagrees-with-tactics-that-led-to-shutdown.html?pg=all |archive-date= November 5, 2014 |url-status= dead }}</ref> In December 2013, U.S. Representative Jim Matheson announced that he would not run for re-election.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Livingston |first=Abby |date=December 17, 2013 |title=Democrat Jim Matheson Announces Retirement |work=Roll Call |url=http://atr.rollcall.com/democrat-jim-matheson-announces-retirement/ |url-status=dead |access-date=December 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219001755/http://atr.rollcall.com/democrat-jim-matheson-announces-retirement/ |archive-date=December 19, 2013}}</ref> After Matheson's retirement announcement, Love was quickly seen as the [[front-runner]] of the election with many seeing the 4th congressional district likely switching from a Democratic district to a Republican one.<ref name=switch>{{cite news |url= http://www.nationaljournal.com/hotline/latest-edition/the-hotline-s-house-race-rankings-the-30-districts-most-likely-to-change-hands-in-november-20141008 |title= The Hotline's House Race Rankings: The 30 Districts Most Likely to Change Hands in November |first= Jack |last= Fitzpatrick |date= October 8, 2014 |work= National Journal Hotline |publisher=[[National Journal]] |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141105201933/http://www.nationaljournal.com/hotline/latest-edition/the-hotline-s-house-race-rankings-the-30-districts-most-likely-to-change-hands-in-november-20141008 |archive-date= November 5, 2014 |url-status= live }}</ref> In early 2014, Love was made a member of the [[Republican National Committee|Republican National Committee's National Advisory Council on African-American outreach]].<ref>{{cite news |url= http://flcourier.com/2014/03/06/rncs-advisory-councils-to-focus-on-minority-communities |date= March 6, 2014 |newspaper= Florida Courier |title= RNC's advisory councils to focus on minority communities |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141105202243/http://flcourier.com/2014/03/06/rncs-advisory-councils-to-focus-on-minority-communities |archive-date= November 5, 2014 |url-status= live }}</ref> In April 2014, Love won the Republican nomination for the 4th congressional district at the Utah Republican Convention, winning 78% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/more-gop-women-get-the-next-level-msna316846|title=More GOP women get to the next level|website=MSNBC.com|date=April 28, 2014|access-date=December 30, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-utah-mialove/republican-star-mia-love-gets-second-chance-to-make-political-history-idUSBREA4N06F20140524-idUSBREA4N06F20140524|title=Republican star Mia Love gets second chance to make political history|first=Jennifer|last=Dobner|date=May 24, 2014|website=www.reuters.com|access-date=December 30, 2020}}</ref> The Democratic Party nominee was [[Doug Owens]], son of former Democratic U.S. Representative [[Wayne Owens]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://utahpolicy.com/index.php/features/today-at-utah-policy/1639-another-owens-jumps-into-utah-politics|title=Another Owens Jumps into Utah Politics|publisher=UtahPolicy.com|author=Bob Bernick|date=January 27, 2014|accessdate=January 8, 2019}}</ref> In November 2014, Love would beat Owens by more than 7,000 votes.<ref name="NatlJMiaLoveNov2014"/> After winning the election, Love told her supporters that many people in Utah thought they "would never elect a Black, Republican, [[Latter-day Saints|(Latter-day Saint)]] woman to Congress", but was proud to be "the first to do it".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/mia-loves-immigrant-rhetoric|title=Mia Love's Immigrant Rhetoric |last=Bouie|first=Jamelle|magazine=The New Yorker|date=November 29, 2014|access-date=July 24, 2017}}</ref> ==U.S. House of Representatives (2015–2019)== Love was sworn-in on January 3, 2015 as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives and as the first black female Republican member of the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.startribune.com/mia-love-of-utah-sworn-in-as-first-black-female-republican-member-of-congress/287671291|title=Mia Love of Utah sworn in as first black female Republican member of Congress|publisher=Star Tribune|date=January 3, 2015|accessdate=May 7, 2025}}</ref> [[File:Mia Love (16460645617) (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|180px|Love at CPAC in February 2015]] After being sworn-in, Love was made a member of the [[United States House Committee on Financial Services|House Financial Services Committee]].<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.sltrib.com/1856877-155/ |title= Utah's Mia Love on committee overseeing banks |newspaper= The Salt Lake Tribune |date= November 21, 2014 |first= Matt |last= Canham |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150127194735/http://www.sltrib.com/1856877-155/ |archive-date= January 27, 2015 |url-status= live}}</ref> Love also joined the [[Congressional Black Caucus]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Henderson |first=Nia-Malika |date=January 6, 2015 |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/01/06/mia-love-joins-the-cbc-the-group-she-vowed-to-dismantle/ |access-date=August 25, 2019 |title=Mia Love joins a group she promised to dismantle}}</ref> While campaigning in 2012, Love had said that if elected, she would "join the Congressional Black Caucus and try to take that thing apart from the inside out".<ref name=CBC>{{cite news |last= Romboy |first= Dennis |url= http://www.deseretnews.com/article/705396842/Love-would-take-apart-Congressional-Black-Caucus-if-elected-in-Utahs-4th-District.html |title= Love would 'take apart' Congressional Black Caucus if elected in Utah's 4th District |newspaper= Deseret News |date= January 5, 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141105210314/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/705396842/Love-would-take-apart-Congressional-Black-Caucus-if-elected-in-Utahs-4th-District.html |archive-date= November 5, 2014 |url-status= dead }}</ref> She believed that the caucus was a way for Democrats to make [[racism]] worse and creating blame on congress.<ref name=CBC/> However, Love later became friends with some of the caucus members and changed her feelings about the Congressional Black Caucus.<ref>{{cite news |last= Love |first= Mia |url= https://www.deseretnews.com/article/900014532/mia-love-recognize-that-diversity-gives-us-strength.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180429073907/https://www.deseretnews.com/article/900014532/mia-love-recognize-that-diversity-gives-us-strength.html |url-status= dead |archive-date= April 29, 2018 |title= Recognize that diversity gives us strength |newspaper= Deseret News |date= March 31, 2018 }}</ref> In May 2015, Love was a lead sponsor with [[Duncan D. Hunter]] of HR 2518, the Student Right to Know Before You Go Act, which was meant to grow the amount of information universities and colleges must give to students who were applying.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Glum|first1=Julia|title=Mia Love's 'Student Right To Know Before You Go' Act Pushes Colleges To Provide More Data|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/mia-loves-student-right-know-you-go-act-pushes-colleges-provide-more-data-1935060|access-date=January 2, 2018|work=International Business Times|date=March 22, 2015}}</ref> In October 2015, Love was asked to be part of a congressional investigation into [[Planned Parenthood]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2015/10/23/boehners-next-select-committee-focusing-on-planned-parenthood-to-be-led-by-marsha-blackburn/|title=Boehner's next select committee, focusing on Planned Parenthood, to be led by Marsha Blackburn|first=Paul|last=Kane|date=October 23, 2015|newspaper=Washington Post|access-date=October 23, 2015}}</ref> Two times in 2015, Love repaid the [[Federal government of the United States|federal government]] for her travel costs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=3157594&itype=CMSID|title=Utah's Mia Love to pay back flight tab, second time this year|website=The Salt Lake Tribune}}</ref> In April 2016, Love got her first bill through the U.S. House. Bill HR3791, which was approved in a 247–171 vote.<ref name=limitraise/> It raised limits on how large [[community bank]]s can grow.<ref name=limitraise>{{cite news|last1=Roche|first1=Lisa Riley|title=Rep. Mia Love gets first bill through House|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865652330/Rep-Mia-Love-gets-first-bill-through-House.html?pg=all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420210738/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865652330/Rep-Mia-Love-gets-first-bill-through-House.html?pg=all|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 20, 2016|access-date=April 29, 2016|newspaper=Deseret News|date=April 15, 2016}}</ref> Love ran for re-election in 2016 against Democrat Doug Owens once again in the general election.<ref name=doug/> She beat Owens with 54% of the vote, over 12 points ahead of Owens.<ref name=doug>{{cite news|last1=Canham|first1=Matt|title=Doug Owens concedes; Mia Love has 'never been more proud of this state,' which she'll serve in a 2nd term|url=http://www.sltrib.com/home/4561354-155/rep-mia-love-has-the-advantage|access-date=November 11, 2016|newspaper=Salt Lake Tribune|date=November 8, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Meyer|first1=Theodoric|title=Utah GOP plots to save Mia Love from Trump backlash|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2016/03/donald-trump-utah-democrats-mia-love-221224|access-date=May 24, 2016|work=Politico|date=March 24, 2016}}</ref> During the Trump presidency, Love was known for being vocally against him.<ref name=Trump2/><ref name=Trump1/> On October 8, 2016, following the release of a video that showed then-presidential nominee [[Donald Trump]] having a [[lewd language|lewd conversation]] about women, Love said that she would not vote for Trump in the [[2016 United States presidential election|presidential election]].<ref name=Trump2/> Love supported the idea of Trump leaving the race for the good of the Republican Party and the country.<ref name=Trump2>{{cite news|last1=Levintova|first1=Hannah|title=Here are all the Republicans who have abandoned Trump's ship so far|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/10/republicans-list-trump-disavowal-groping-tape|access-date=October 8, 2016|work=Mother Jones|date=October 8, 2016}}</ref> However, she voted with Trump around 96% of the time during the 115th Congress.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/congress-trump-score/mia-b-love/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006014902/https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/congress-trump-score/mia-b-love/|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 6, 2017|title=Tracking Congress In The Age Of Trump|access-date=October 27, 2018|date=January 30, 2017}}</ref> In early 2018, Love joined other Utah political leaders in not supporting President Trump's proposed [[tariffs]] on [[steel]] and [[aluminum]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deseretnews.com/article/900012231/utah-political-leaders-join-chorus-of-naysayers-on-trump-tariff-terms.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307225210/https://www.deseretnews.com/article/900012231/utah-political-leaders-join-chorus-of-naysayers-on-trump-tariff-terms.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 7, 2018|title=Utah political leaders join chorus of naysayers on Trump tariff terms|first=Art|last=Raymond|website=[[Deseret News]] |date=March 6, 2018}}</ref> Even though she spoke out against him during his first term, Love supported former President Trump's [[Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign|2024 campaign]] in the [[2024 United States presidential election|2024 presidential election]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Love |first=Mia |date=July 22, 2024 |title=After this past week, I'm all in on team Trump/Vance! They have a passionate vision of an American revival that enables all Americans to pursue their dreams. |url=https://x.com/MiaBLove/status/1815463693838389535 |access-date=March 23, 2025 |website=Twitter}}</ref> [[File:Mia Love (25211195639) (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|180px|Love in March 2016]] During the 2016 election, Love was given about $63,000 in donations from gun [[lobbying|lobbyists]] and was supported by the [[National Rifle Association]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nraila.org/articles/20161012/nra-endorses-mia-love-for-us-house-in-utah-s-4th-congressional-district|title=NRA Endorses Mia Love for U.S. House in Utah's 4th Congressional District|work=NRA-ILA|date=October 12, 2016|access-date=January 14, 2018|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003200643/https://www.politico.com/interactives/2017/gun-lobbying-spending-in-america-congress/|archive-date=October 3, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.politico.com/interactives/2017/gun-lobbying-spending-in-america-congress/|title=The gun lobby: See how much your representative gets|work=POLITICO|access-date=January 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003200643/https://www.politico.com/interactives/2017/gun-lobbying-spending-in-america-congress/|archive-date=October 3, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> After the [[Stoneman Douglas High School shooting]], Love said she would support raising the minimum age to buy a [[semiautomatic weapon|semiautomatic rifles]] to age 21.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sltrib.com/news/politics/2018/02/23/mia-love-is-not-on-board-with-arming-teachers-but-john-curtis-could-get-behind-it/ |work=Salt Lake Tribune |title=Mia Love is not on board with arming teachers, but John Curtis could get behind it |date= February 23, 2018 |last=Tanner |first=Courtney |access-date= March 25, 2025}}</ref> She also said that she was in favor of banning [[bump stocks]] and increasing background checks to buy guns.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ksl.com/article/46267098/rep-mia-love-everything-has-to-be-on-the-table-after-florida-school-shooting |title=Rep. Mia Love: 'Everything has to be on the table' after Florida school shooting|date=February 23, 2018|first1=Lisa Riley |last1=Roche |first2=Dennis |last2=Romboy |website=KSL.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721100234/https://www.ksl.com/article/46267098/rep-mia-love-everything-has-to-be-on-the-table-after-florida-school-shooting |archive-date=July 21, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2017, Love proposed the Stop Taxpayers Obligations to Perpetrators of Sexual Harassment Act.<ref name=stop/> It was passed by the U.S. House in February 2018.<ref name=stop/> The bill would stop members of Congress from [[Settlement (litigation)|settling]] [[sexual harassment]] claims with [[taxes|taxpayer money]].<ref name=stop>{{cite news|last1=Francis|first1=Simone|title=House votes to force lawmakers to pay for their own sexual harassment settlements|url=http://www.good4utah.com/news/politics/house-votes-to-force-lawmakers-to-pay-for-their-own-sexual-harassment-settlements/955325290|access-date=March 4, 2018|agency=Associated Press|publisher=Good4Utah.com|date=February 6, 2018}}</ref> In March 2018, Love became a supporter of creating federal laws against [[pyramid scheme]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deseretnews.com/article/900012621/mia-love-protecting-utah-direct-sellers-from-pyramid-fraud.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311035717/https://www.deseretnews.com/article/900012621/mia-love-protecting-utah-direct-sellers-from-pyramid-fraud.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 11, 2018 |title=Mia Love: Protecting Utah direct sellers from pyramid fraud |website=[[Deseret News]] |date=March 10, 2018}}</ref> She also supported adding [[multivitamin]]s to the list of items that could be bought through [[food stamps]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wholefoodsmagazine.com/news/main-news/fate-multivitamins-snap-recipients-debated-house/ |title=Fate of Multivitamins for SNAP Recipients Being Debated in House |magazine=Whole Foods Magazine |date=May 17, 2018 |access-date=May 7, 2025 |archive-date=October 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022231136/https://wholefoodsmagazine.com/news/main-news/fate-multivitamins-snap-recipients-debated-house/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> That same year, Love asked the [[United States Department of Education|U.S. Department of Education]] to allow state [[regulation]] of [[student loan|student loan providers]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://utahpolicy.com/index.php/features/featured-articles/16709-rep-love-joins-bipartisan-challenge-to-ed-department-s-attempt-to-block-state-consumer-protection-laws|title=Rep. Love joins bipartisan challenge to Ed. Department's attempt to block state consumer protection laws|date=May 17, 2018}}</ref> [[File:Rep. Mia Love addressing the March for Life (32676930125) (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|180px|Love speaking in January 2017]] In May 2018, Love helped write a defense bill that asked the military to look at how they handled [[sexual assault|sexual assault accusations]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://utahpolicy.com/index.php/features/featured-articles/16771-love-kuster-dingell-language-to-address-military-sexual-assault-passed-as-part-of-nda|title=Love, Kuster, Dingell language to address military sexual assault passed as part of NDAA|date=May 24, 2018}}</ref> Love also focused on immigration during her time as U.S. Representative. One of the four bills would have stopped the [[deportation]] of [[Illegal immigration|illegal immigrants]] who were [[DREAMers|brought to the United States as children]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://utahpolicy.com/index.php/features/today-at-utah-policy/16779-love-says-she-s-not-being-pressured-by-gop-leadership-to-back-off-push-for-immigration-vote|title=Love says she's not being pressured by GOP leadership to back off push for immigration vote|first=Bryan |last=Schott|date=May 25, 2018 }}</ref> She worked with [[Washington (state)|Washington]] U.S. Representative [[Pramila Jayapal]] to keep rules that gave spouses of specific [[Visa|visa holders]] the legal right to work in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiawest.com/news/global_indian/members-of-congress-led-by-rep-pramila-jayapal-urge-dhs/article_5d8a1ff4-5ae7-11e8-bbd1-7fc7af45b368.html |title=130 Members of Congress, Led by Rep. Pramila Jayapal, Urge DHS to Retain Work Authorization for H-4 Visa Holders |website=IndiaWest |date=May 18, 2018 |first=Sunita |last=Sohrabji |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927112916/http://www.indiawest.com/news/global_indian/members-of-congress-led-by-rep-pramila-jayapal-urge-dhs/article_5d8a1ff4-5ae7-11e8-bbd1-7fc7af45b368.html |archive-date=September 27, 2018}}</ref> That same month, Love's Small Bank Holding Company Relief Act became law.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fox13now.com/2018/05/24/rep-mia-loves-lending-bill-signed-into-law/|title=Rep. Mia Love's lending bill signed into law|date=May 24, 2018}}</ref> Love was a member of the [[Congressional Western Caucus]] and the [[Climate Solutions Caucus]].<ref>{{cite web|title=90 Current Climate Solutions Caucus Members|url=https://citizensclimatelobby.org/climate-solutions-caucus/|publisher=Citizen´s Climate Lobby |access-date=October 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Members|url=https://westerncaucus.house.gov/about/membership.htm|publisher=Congressional Western Caucus|access-date=June 27, 2018}}</ref> During Love's 2018 re-election campaign, Democratic [[Salt Lake County, Utah|Salt Lake County]] Mayor [[Ben McAdams]] ran against her.<ref name=Trump>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/29/politics/mia-love-ben-mcadams-utah/index.html|title=The real race to watch in Utah this November is not Mitt Romney's -- it's Mia Love's|first=Maeve|last=Reston|date=June 29, 2018|website=CNN}}</ref> The election was seen as hard for Love to win as she spoke out against President [[Donald Trump|Donald Trump's]] immigration plans.<ref name=Trump/> The election was seen as a toss-up and competitive.<ref name=FiveThirtyEight>{{cite web|url=https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/2018-midterm-election-forecast/house/utah/4/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004160045/https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/2018-midterm-election-forecast/house/utah/4/|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 4, 2018|title=Utah 4th|publisher=FiveThirtyEight|access-date=October 27, 2018|date=August 16, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2018/house/ut/utah_4th_district_love_vs_mcadams-6285.html|title=Utah 4th District − Love vs. McAdams|access-date=August 23, 2018|work=RealClearPolitics}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cookpolitical.com/ratings/house-race-ratings|title=2018 House Race ratings|publisher=Cook Political Report|access-date=October 27, 2018}}</ref> Two polls from October 2018 showed McAdams and Love tied.<ref name=FiveThirtyEight /> On Election Day, no one knew who would win because the results were very close.<ref name=benwins/> Two weeks later, on November 20, 2018, McAdams officially beat Love by 694 votes.<ref name=benwins>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sltrib.com/news/politics/2018/11/20/its-over-democrat-ben/|title=It's over. Democrat Ben McAdams ousts Republican Rep Mia Love by 694 votes|work=The Salt Lake Tribune|access-date=November 21, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> After she lost, President Trump made fun of Love, saying, "Mia Love gave me no love, and she lost."<ref name="Trump1">{{cite news |last1=Cole |first1=Devan |title=Mia Love slams Trump in concession speech: 'No real relationships, just convenient transactions' |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/26/politics/mia-love-donald-trump-concession/index.html |access-date=November 27, 2018 |publisher=CNN |date=November 26, 2018}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite news |last1=Ember |first1=Sydney |title=Mia Love Criticizes Trump in Scathing Concession Speech |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/26/us/politics/mia-love-trump-utah.html |access-date=November 27, 2018 |newspaper=New York Times |date=November 26, 2018}}</ref> In her speech after losing the election, Love spoke out against Trump by saying that he and others in the Republican Party had not done enough for [[Minority group|minority voters]].<ref name="Trump1"/><ref name="auto"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theweek.com/articles/809505/mia-loves-ominous-warning-gop|title=Mia Love's ominous warning for the GOP|date=November 28, 2018|website=theweek.com}}</ref> During her time in the 115th Congress, Love missed 71 out of 85 votes on a single weekend.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/mia_love/412656|title=Rep. Mia Love Representative for Utah's 4th District|publisher=GovTrack}}</ref> She said she was absent many times because she was caring for a sick child.<ref name=sick/> It was more than any other member of Congress who lost re-election and more than any of the three other congressional members from Utah.<ref name=sick>{{cite news|url=https://kutv.com/news/local/rep-mia-love-skips-83-percent-of-votes-in-lame-duck-session-most-of-any-ousted-lawmaker|title=Rep. Mia Love skips 83% of votes in the shutdown session, most of any ousted lawmaker|publisher=KUTV|date=December 27, 2018}}</ref> ==After congress== After leaving Congress, Love became a commentator for [[CNN]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kutv.com/news/local/mia-love-now-working-for-cnn-as-political-commentator|title=Mia Love now working for CNN as political commentator|first=McKenzie|last=Stauffer|date=January 7, 2019|website=KUTV}}</ref> She also was a senior fellow to The United States Studies Centre at the [[University of Sydney]].<ref name=syd/> In fall 2020, Love was made a fellow of the Institute of Politics and Public Service at [[Georgetown University]].<ref name=syd>{{Cite web|title=Mia Love|url=https://politics.georgetown.edu/profile/mia-love/|access-date=January 5, 2021|publisher=[[Georgetown University|Georgetown Institute of Politics and Public Service]]|location=Washington, D.C.|language=en-US|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125084910/https://politics.georgetown.edu/profile/mia-love/|archive-date=November 25, 2020}}</ref> In the [[2020 United States presidential election|2020 presidential election]], Love voted as an [[United States Electoral College|elector]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=January 4, 2021|title=2020 Electoral College Results; Utah Certificate of Vote 2020|url=https://www.archives.gov/electoral-college/2020|access-date=January 5, 2021|website=National Archives|language=en|page=[https://www.archives.gov/files/electoral-college/2020/vote-utah.pdf#page=2 2]|last1=Cox|first1=Spencer J.|author-link1=Spencer Cox (politician)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=December 14, 2020|first=Simone|last=Seikaly|title=Utah AG Reyes unable to vote as Elector, Love steps in|url=https://kslnewsradio.com/1938663/utah-ag-reyes-unable-to-vote-as-elector-love-steps-in/?|access-date=January 5, 2021|publisher=[[KSL (radio network)|KSLNewsRadio]]|quote=According to Reyes’ chief of staff, Ric Cantrell, Reyes needed to quarantine after possible exposure to COVID-19. |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105073711/https://kslnewsradio.com/1938663/utah-ag-reyes-unable-to-vote-as-elector-love-steps-in/|archive-date=January 5, 2021}}</ref> In June 2021, Love joined the Center for Growth and Opportunity at [[Utah State University]] as the national outreach director.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mia Love joins The CGO |url=https://www.thecgo.org/news/mia-love-joins-the-cgo/ |publisher=The Center for Growth and Opportunity at Utah State University |access-date=June 8, 2021 |date=June 8, 2021}}</ref> In August 2021, Love joined a group of conservative guest hosts on the [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] daytime talk show ''[[The View]]'' for its 25th season, replacing [[Meghan McCain]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Utah's Mia Love will join 'The View'|url=https://www.sltrib.com/news/politics/2021/08/30/utahs-mia-love-will-join/|access-date=August 30, 2021|website=The Salt Lake Tribune |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831020607if_/https://www.sltrib.com/news/politics/2021/08/30/utahs-mia-love-will-join/ |archive-date=August 31, 2021 |url-status=live |language=en-US}}</ref> In January 2023, Love published a [[memoir]] titled ''Qualified: Finding Your Voice, Leading with Character, and Empowering Others''.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Qualified |url=https://www.centerstreet.com/titles/mia-love/qualified/9781546003281/ |access-date=March 13, 2023 |via=Hachette Book Group |date=May 2, 2022 |isbn=9781546003281 |language=en-US |last=Love |first=Mia |publisher=Center Street}}</ref> ==Personal life== [[File:Mia love.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Love in 2011]] Although Love was raised as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], she joined the [[Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] after graduating from college in 1998.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://thegrio.com/2013/12/18/mia-love-poised-to-make-a-political-comeback |title= Mia Love poised to make a political comeback |first= David A. |last= Love |date= December 18, 2013 |publisher= [[The Grio]] |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141105171805/http://thegrio.com/2013/12/18/mia-love-poised-to-make-a-political-comeback |archive-date= November 5, 2014 |url-status= live }}</ref> Another reason why Love moved to Utah was so that she could be closer to an [[Temple (LDS Church)|LDS temple]].<ref name="From Broadway to Capitol Hill"/> While in Utah, Love dated Jason Love, whom she met when he was an [[missionary]] for the LDS Church in [[Connecticut]].<ref name="From Broadway to Capitol Hill"/> Jason and Mia Love were married in December 1998, four months after their first date.<ref name="From Broadway to Capitol Hill"/><ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/296682/daughter-haitian-immigrants-gop-congressional-nominee-utah-john-fund |first= John |last= Fund |author-link= John Fund |title= Daughter of Haitian Immigrants is GOP Congressional Nominee in Utah |work= [[National Review]] |date= April 22, 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141105172202/http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/296682/daughter-haitian-immigrants-gop-congressional-nominee-utah-john-fund |archive-date= November 5, 2014 |url-status= live }}</ref> At first, they lived in [[American Fork, Utah]], but later moved to Saratoga Springs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deseret.com/2015/1/3/20555881/mr-mia-love-the-man-behind-the-congresswoman|title=Mr. (Mia) Love — the man behind the congresswoman|first=Doug|last=Robinson|date=January 3, 2015|website=Deseret News}}</ref> They had three children together: Alessa, Abigale and Peyton.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sltrib.com/news/politics/2017/05/03/rep-mia-love-calls-police-about-people-taking-pictures-of-her-kids|title=Rep. Mia Love calls police about people taking pictures of her kids|website=The Salt Lake Tribune}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.memorialutah.com/obituaries/mia-love|title=Mia Bourdeau Love|publisher=Memorial Utah|accessdate=May 7, 2025|date=March 23, 2025}}</ref> After Love was elected to Congress, she mainly lived and worked in [[Washington, D.C.]] while her family continued to work, study and live in Utah.<ref name=Jason/> Love used video calling and returned many times to Utah to stay close with her family.<ref name=Jason>{{cite news |url= http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865618904/Mr-Mia-Love-2-the-man-behind-the-congresswoman.html?pg=all |first= Doug |last= Robinson |title= Mr. (Mia) Love – The man behind the congresswoman |newspaper= Deseret News |date= January 3, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150127195335/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865618904/Mr-Mia-Love-2-the-man-behind-the-congresswoman.html?pg=all |archive-date= January 27, 2015 |url-status= dead }}</ref> ==Illness and death== In February 2022, Love was diagnosed with [[glioblastoma]], a form of [[brain cancer]].<ref name="Williams"/> Doctors said that she had ten to fifteen months to live.<ref name="Williams">{{cite news|last=Williams|first=Carter|date=March 1, 2025|title=Family of former Utah congresswoman Mia Love says cancer not 'responding to treatment'|work=[[KSL-TV]]|url=https://www.ksl.com/article/51265302/family-of-former-utah-congresswoman-mia-love-says-say-cancer-not-responding-to-treatment|accessdate=March 1, 2025}}</ref> She had [[surgery]], which removed 95% of the [[tumor]].<ref name=cancer/> By August 2023, she began an [[immunotherapy]] treatment and the tumor began to shrink.<ref name=cancer>{{cite news|last1=Richardson|first1=Holly|date=August 20, 2023|title=Former Utah Congresswoman Mia Love details cancer diagnosis in speech to young Latter-day Saints|language=en|work=Deseret News|url=https://www.deseret.com/utah/2023/8/19/23837820/congresswoman-mia-love-details-cancer-diagnosis-to-latter-day-saints-mormon-faith-journey#:~:text=It%20was%20a%20tumor%20in,the%20tumor%20was%20perhaps%20benign|access-date=August 21, 2023}}</ref> On March 1, 2025, Love's daughter announced on [[social media]] that the cancer treatments were no longer working, and that she was moved to [[palliative care]].<ref name = Williams/> Love died at her home in Saratoga Springs on March 23, 2025 from the cancer at the age of 49.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Amos|first=Jaden|date=2025-03-24|title=Former Utah Rep. Mia Love, first Black Republican woman in House, dies at 49|url=https://www.axios.com/2025/03/24/mia-love-brain-cancer-death-utah|access-date=2025-03-24|website=Axios|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Lagatta|first=Eric|title=Mia Love, 1st Black Republican woman elected to Congress, dies of cancer at 49|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2025/03/24/mia-love-republican-congresswoman-dies-brain-cancer/82632505007/|access-date=2025-03-24|website=USA TODAY|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=NYTobit>{{Cite news|last=Gabriel|first=Trip|last2=Zhuang|first2=Yan|date=2025-03-24|title=Mia Love, First Black Republican Woman Elected to Congress, Dies at 49|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/24/us/politics/mia-love-dead.html|access-date=2025-03-24|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> After her death, [[Governor of Utah|Governor]] [[Spencer Cox (politician)|Spencer Cox]] called Love a "a true trailblazer and visionary leader" and ordered all flags to be at [[half-staff]] in her honor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2025/03/23/politics/mia-love-dies-cancer-battle/index.html|title=Mia Love, first Black Republican congresswoman, dies after cancer battle|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=March 23, 2025|accessdate=June 11, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.heraldextra.com/news/2025/apr/03/gov-spencer-cox-calls-for-flags-to-be-lowered-in-honor-of-former-congresswoman-mia-love/|title=Gov. Spencer Cox calls for flags to be lowered in honor of former Congresswoman Mia Love|publisher=Herald Extra|accessdate=June 11, 2025|date=March 23, 2025}}</ref> [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker of the U.S. House]] [[Mike Johnson]] called Love a "trusted friend".<ref name=tribute/> U.S. Senators [[Mike Lee]] and [[John Curtis]], U.S. Representatives [[Burgess Owens]], [[Celeste Maloy]], [[Mike Kennedy (politician)|Mike Kennedy]] and [[Blake Moore]], former Speakers [[John Boehner]] and [[Paul Ryan]] and former U.S. Senator [[Mitt Romney]] all made statements remembering Love after her death.<ref name=tribute>{{cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/remembrances-pour-honoring-mia-love-034214449.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAKszNPNFgHC5T6l5yj7CtlOANTNRMpe6qHEtya0K5gBGoud4PATDa29U6rTWzwWpQZAzmPszj6ahr3mKaEbreO2YdPEMc5LmyT5Mj3Gxg7yvGzLKpIxCC7S-5lmVu9P76OgKmY4SGK6JwAFCCOoLW_jtOSKxgh2sQdC5IG2X5TRo|title=Remembrances pour in honoring Mia Love|publisher=[[Yahoo]]|date=March 24, 2025|accessdate=June 11, 2025}}</ref> Her casket [[lying in state|lied in state]] at the [[Utah State Capitol|Utah State Capitol Rotunda]] on April 6, 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc4.com/news/politics/inside-utah-politics/mia-love-funeral-plans/|title=Mia Love’s funeral plans — Here’s what to know, how to attend|publisher=ABC4.com|accessdate=May 7, 2025|date=March 25, 2025}}</ref> Her funeral was held the next day in [[Salt Lake City]].<ref name="guard-7apr2025">{{cite news |title=First Black Republican congresswoman honored in Utah memorial service |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/apr/07/mia-love-death-brain-cancer-memorial |access-date=April 7, 2025 |work=[[The Guardian]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=April 7, 2025}}</ref> [[Lieutenant Governor of Utah|Utah Lieutenant Governor]] [[Deidre Henderson]] gave a [[eulogy]] at the funeral.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fox13now.com/news/local-news/funeral-service-held-for-former-utah-congresswoman-mia-love|title='Her voice will live on': Friends and family remember former Utah Congresswoman Mia Love|publisher=Fox13Now|accessdate=May 7, 2025|date=April 7, 2025}}</ref> She will be buried at Saratoga Springs Cemetery.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ksltv.com/local-news/mia-love-legacy-funeral/760480/|title=‘A voice for the ages’: Family, friends celebrate former Rep. Mia Love’s legacy|publisher=KSLTV|accessdate=April 8, 2025|date=June 11, 2025}}</ref> ==Written works== * {{Cite book |last=Love |first=Mia |date=2023 |title=Qualified: Finding Your Voice, Leading with Character, and Empowering Others |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AO9tEAAAQBAJ |location=Nashville |publisher=Center Street |isbn=978-1-5460-0326-7 |oclc=1340656181}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{wikiquote}} {{commons category}} * {{IMDb name| 3798122}}{{CongLinks | congbio=L000584 | votesmart=135957 | fec=H2UT04023 | congress=mia-love/L000584 }} * {{C-SPAN|67205}} * [http://haiti.org/dt_team/mia-love/ Mia Love] Haitian Embassy, Pearls of Excellence Exhibit {{DEFAULTSORT:Love, Mia}} [[Category:1975 births]] [[Category:2025 deaths]] [[Category:United States representatives from Utah]] [[Category:American political activists]] [[Category:American mayors]] [[Category:Politicians from Brooklyn]] [[Category:Republican Party (United States) politicians]] [[Category:African-American politicians]] [[Category:Deaths from glioblastoma]] [[Category:American political commentators]] [[Category:CNN people]] [[Category:People from Norwalk, Connecticut]] [[Category:Politicians from Connecticut]] [[Category:Cancer deaths in Utah]] [[Category:Writers from Connecticut]] [[Category:Writers from Utah]] [[Category:American academics]] [[Category:American autobiographers]] [[Category:American Roman Catholics]] [[Category:American Latter Day Saints]] [[Category:Writers from Brooklyn]] ftnapo5o7qg024pettpp41v6p2xus0s 10 615867 10368182 10330078 2025-07-02T20:05:19Z CommonsDelinker 5295 Replacing File:USS_Cape_St._George_CG-71_Crest.png with [[File:USS_Cape_St._George_(CG-71)_crest.png]] (by [[commons:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR6|Criterion 6]]). 10368182 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>[[File:{{#switch:{{{1|{{{branch|}}}}}} |42MPB |42dMPB |42nd Military Police Brigade |42d Military Police Brigade |42ndMPB=Distinctive unit insignia of the 42nd Military Police Brigade.png |AGFF-1=USS Glover (AGFF-1) Crest.png |Albanians |Albanian |Albania=Coat of arms of Albania.svg |ARBIH |ARBiH=Logo of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg |Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal |Armed Forces Expeditionary |US Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal |US Armed Forces Expeditionary |U.S. Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal |U.S. Armed Forces Expeditionary |AFEM=Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal ribbon.svg{{!}}border |Armed Forces Service Medal |Armed Forces Service |AFSM=Armed Forces Service Medal ribbon.svg{{!}}border |Army Good Conduct Medal |Army Good Conduct |United States Army Good Conduct Medal |United States Army Good Conduct |U.S. Army Good Conduct Medal |U.S. Army Good Conduct |US Army Good Conduct Medal |US Army Good Conduct |USAGCM |AGCM=Army Good Conduct Medal ribbon.svg{{!}}border |Distinguished Army Service Medal |U.S. Army Distinguished Service Medal |U.S. Army Distinguished Service |Army Distinguished Service Medal |Army Distinguished Service |US Army Distinguished Service Medal |US Army Distinguished Service |ADSM |USADSM=U.S. Army Distinguished Service Medal ribbon.svg{{!}}border |airforce |Airforce |USAF |US Air Force |Air Force=Military service mark of the United States Air Force.svg |Air Guard |Air National Guard |AFNG |ANG=US-AirNationalGuard-2007Emblem.svg |AFROTC |USAFJROTC |Air Force JROTC |Air Force Junior ROTC |AFJROTC=AF Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps.svg |Army Com |Army Comm |Army Commendation Medal |Army Commendation |ARCOM=Army Commendation Medal ribbon.svg{{!}}border |USA |U.S. Army |United States Army |US Army |Army |army=Military service mark of the United States Army.svg |Army Reserve |US Army Reserve |U.S. Army Reserve |United States Army Reserve |Army Reserves |Army Reservist |USAR=Seal of the United States Army Reserve.svg |AS39 |AS-39=USS Emory S. Land AS-39 Crest.png |AS40 |AS-40=USS Frank Cable AS-40 Crest.png |AS41 |AS-41=AS-41 COA.png |Army Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps |Army Junior Reserve Officer's Training Corps |Army Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps |Army Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps |US Army Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps |US Army Junior Reserve Officer's Training Corps |US Army Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps |US Army Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps |U.S. Army Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps |U.S. Army Junior Reserve Officer's Training Corps |U.S. Army Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps |U.S. Army Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps |Army JROTC |Army Junior ROTC |AJROTC=USAJROTC-SSI.svg |Army National Guard |US Army National Guard |United States Army National Guard |U.S. Army National Guard |ARNG=Seal of the United States Army National Guard.svg |ATF, 1972-3003 |ATF, 1972 |ATF, 2003 |2003ATF |1972ATF |1972-ATF |2003-ATF |ATF2003 |ATF1972 |ATF-2003=US-AlcoholTobaccoAndFirearms-Seal.svg |Board |Board of War |Board of War and Ordnance |United States Board of War |United States Board of War and Ordnance |U.S. Board of War |U.S. Board of War and Ordnance |US Board of War |US Board of War and Ordnance |board=Seal of the United States Board of War and Ordnance.svg |FBOP |USBOP |USFBOP |Prisons Bureau |Prison Bureau |prisons |prison |Federal Bureau of Prisons |Bureau of Prisons |BOP=Seal of the Federal Bureau of Prisons.svg |BPC=Emblem of the Army of Republika Srpska.svg |Bronze Star |Bronze Star Medal |BSM=Bronze Star Medal ribbon.svg{{!}}border |Canadians |Canadian |Canada=Great Seal of Canada.png |California Highway Patrol |State of California Highway Patrol |California State Highway Patrol |CHP=CHP Door Insignia.png |Coalition Provisional Authority |CPA=Seal of the Coalition Provisional Authority Iraq.svg |CJTF-OIR |CJTFOIR=Seal of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve.svg |Air Force Department |United States Air Force Department |U.S. Air Force Department |US Air Force Department |United States Department of the Air Force |U.S. Department of the Air Force |US Department of the Air Force |Department of the Air Force=Seal of the United States Department of the Air Force.svg |Army Department |United States Army Department |U.S. Army Department |US Army Department |United States Department of the Army |U.S. Department of the Army |US Department of the Army |Department of the Army=Emblem of the United States Department of the Army.svg |Navy Department |United States Navy Department |U.S. Navy Department |US Navy Department |United States Department of the Navy |U.S. Department of the Navy |US Department of the Navy |DON |DoN |naval |Department of the Navy=Seal of the United States Department of the Navy.svg |D.H.S. |Department of Homeland Security |US Department of Homeland Security |U.S. Department of Homeland Security |Homeland Security |Homeland Security Department |United States Department of Homeland Security |DHS=Seal of the United States Department of Homeland Security.svg |North Korea |D.P.R.K. |PRK |Democratic People's Republic of Korea |Korea DPR |Korea D.P.R. |D.P.R. Korea |P.R.K. |DPR Korea |DPRK=Emblem of North Korea.svg |Defense Meritorious Service |Defense Meritorious Service Medal |DMSM=Defense Meritorious Service Medal ribbon.svg{{!}}border |USDSSM |Defense Superior Service Medal |Defense Superior Service |U.S. Defense Superior Service Medal |U.S. Defense Superior Service |US Defense Superior Service Medal |US Defense Superior Service |DSSM=US Defense Superior Service Medal ribbon.svg{{!}}border |Legion of Merit |LOM=Legion of Merit ribbon.svg{{!}}border |CSTO=Emblem of the CSTO.svg |CMOH |Medal of Honor |Congressional Medal of Honor |MOH=Medal of Honor ribbon.svg{{!}}border |Meritorious Service Medal |MSM=Meritorious Service Medal ribbon.svg{{!}}border |NAMCCM=Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal ribbon.svg{{!}}border |Navy Achievement Medal |Navy Achievement |Navy and Marine Corps Achievement |Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal |NAM |NAMCAM=Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal ribbon.svg{{!}}border |Navy and Marine Corps Medal |NAMCM=Navy and Marine Corps Medal ribbon.svg{{!}}border |National Defense Service Medal |National Defense Service |National Defense Medal |Defense Service Medal |NDSM=National Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg{{!}}border |Drug |drug |Drug Enforcement Administration |DEA=US-DrugEnforcementAdministration-Seal.svg |City of Detroit |Detroit, MI |Detroit, Michigan |Detroit=Seal of Detroit (B&W).svg |DE-1040=USS Garcia (DE-1040) insignia 1964.png |DEG-4=USS Talbot (DEG-4) insignia 1967.png |environment |environmental |Environmental Protection |Environmental Protection Agency |Environment |Environmental |EPA=Environmental Protection Agency logo.svg |DOD |DoD |Defense Department |Department of Defense |U.S. Defense Department |U.S. Department of Defense |US Defense Department |US Department of Defense |United States Defense Department |United States Department of Defense |dod=US Department of Defense seal.svg |Defense Intelligence |USDIA |US Defense Intelligence Agency |U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency |United States Defense Intelligence Agency |Defense Intelligence Agency |DIA=Seal of the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency.svg |U.S. Federal Communications Commission |US Federal Communications Commission |Federal Communications Commission |FCC=Seal of the United States Federal Communications Commission.svg |Federal Bureau of Investigation |FBI=Seal of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.svg |US Central Intelligence Agency |U.S. Central Intelligence Agency |Central Intelligence Agency |USCIA |United States Central Intelligence Agency |CIA=Seal of the Central Intelligence Agency.svg |Justice Department |US Justice Department |U.S. Justice Department |United States Justice Department |United States Department of Justice |U.S. Department of Justice |Department of Justice |DOJ=Seal of the United States Department of Justice.svg |Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms |Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives |Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives |ATFE |BATF |BATFE |Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms |Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives |Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives |ATF=US-AlcoholTobaccoFirearmsAndExplosives-Seal.svg |CG47 |CG-47=USS Ticonderoga CG-47 COA.png |CG48 |CG-48=USS Yorktown CG-48 Crest.png |CG49 |CG-49=USS Vincennes CG-49 Crest.png |CG50 |CG-50=USS Valley Forge CG-50 Crest.png |CG51 |CG-51=USS Thomas S. Gates CG-51 Crest.png |CG52 |CG-52=USS Bunker Hill CG-52 Crest.png |CG53 |CG-53=USS Mobile Bay CG-53 Crest.png |CG54 |CG-54=USS Antietam CG-54 Crest.png |CG55 |CG-55=USS Leyte Gulf CG-55 Crest.png |CG56 |CG-56=USS San Jacinto CG-56 Crest.png |CG57 |CG-57=USS Lake Champlan CG-57 Crest.png |CG58 |CG-58=USS Philippine Sea COA.png |CG59 |CG-59=USS Princeton CG-59 Crest.png |CG60 |CG-60=USS Normandy CG-60 Crest.png |CG61 |CG-61=USS Monterey CG-61 Crest.png |CG62 |CG-62=USS Chancellorsville CG-62 Crest.png |CG63 |CG-63=USS Cowpens CG-63 Crest.png |CG64 |CG-64=USS Gettyburg CG-64 Crest.png |CG65 |CG-65=USS Chosin CG-65 Crest.png |CG66 |CG-66=USS_Hue_City_CG-66_Crest.png |CG67 |CG-67=USS Shiloh CG-67 Crest.png |CG68 |CG-68=USS Anzio CG-68 Crest.png |CG69 |CG-69=USS Vicksburg CG-69 Crest.png |CG70 |CG-70=USS Lake Erie CG-70 Crest.png |CG71 |CG-71=USS Cape St. George (CG-71) crest.png |CG72 |CG-72=Crest of USS Vella Gulf (CG-72).png |CG73 |CG-73=USS Port Royal CG-73 Crest.png |Croatian |Croatians |Hrvatska |Croatia=Coat of arms of Croatia.svg |CVN72 |CVN-72=CVN-72 Crest.png |CVN76 |CVN-76=USS Ronald Reagan COA.png |CVN77 |CVN-77=CVN-77 insignia.svg |CVN78 |CVN-78=USS Gerald R. Ford (CVN-78) crest.png |DD963 |DD-537=Emblem of USS The Sullivans (DD-537).png |DD-963=USS Spruance DD-963 Crest.png |DD964 |DD-964=DD964crest.png |DD965 |DD-965=DD965crest.png |DD966 |DD-966=DD966crest.png |DD967 |DD-967=DD967crest.png |DD968 |DD-968=DD968crest.png |DD969 |DD-969=DD969crest.png |DD970 |DD-970=DD970crest.png |DD971 |DD-971=DD971crest.png |DD972 |DD-972=DD972crest.png |DD973 |DD-973=DD-973 crest.png |DD974 |DD-974=DD-974 crest.png |DD975 |DD-975=DD975crest.png |DD976 |DD-976=DD-976 crest.png |DD977 |DD-977=USS Briscoe (DD-977) patch.png |DD978 |DD-978=DD-978 crest.png |DD979 |DD-979=DD-979 crest.png |DD980 |DD-980=DD-980 crest.png |DD981 |DD-981=DD-981 crest.png |DD982 |DD-982=DD-982 crest.png |DD983 |DD-983=DD-983 crest.png |DD984 |DD-984=DD-984 crest.png |DD985 |DD-985=USS Cushing (DD-985) crest.png |DD986 |DD-986=DD-986 crest.png |DD987 |DD-987=DD-987 crest.png |DD988 |DD-988=DD-988 crest.png |DD989 |DD-989=USS Deyo (DD-989) crest.png |DD990 |DD-990=USS Ingersoll (DD-990) crest 1978.png |DD991 |DD-991=USS Fife (DD-991) crest.png |DD992 |DD-992=Crest of USS Fletcher (DD-992).png |DDG993 |DDG-993=USS Kidd (DDG-993) crest.png |DDG994 |DDG-994=USS Callaghan (DDG-994) crest.png |DDG995 |DDG-995=USS Scott (DDG-995) crest.png |DDG996 |DDG-996=USS Chandler (DDG-996) crest.png |DD997 |DD-997=USS Hayler (DD-997) crest.png |DDG51 |DDG-51=USS Arleigh Burke DDG-51 Crest.png |DDG52 |DDG-52=USS Barry DDG-52 Crest.png |DDG53 |DDG-53=USS John Paul Jones DDG-53 Crest.png |DDG54 |DDG-54=USS Curtis Wilbur DDG-54 Crest.png |DDG55 |DDG-55=USS Stout DDG-55 Crest.png |DDG56 |DDG-56=USS John S. McCain DDG-56 Crest.png |DDG57 |DDG-57=USS Mitscher DDG-57 Crest.png |DDG58 |DDG-58=USS Laboon DDG-58 Crest.png |DDG59 |DDG-59=USS Russell DDG-59 Crest.png |DDG60 |DDG-60=USS Paul Hamilton DDG-60 Crest.png |DDG61 |DDG-61=USS Ramage (DDG-61) crest.png |DDG62 |DDG-62=USS Fitzgerald DDG-62 Crest.png |DDG63 |DDG-63=USS Stethem DDG-63 Crest.png |DDG64 |DDG-64=USS Carney DDG-64 Crest.png |DDG65 |DDG-65=USS Benfold DDG-65 Crest.png |DDG66 |DDG-66=USS Gonzalez DDG-66 Crest.png |DDG67 |DDG-67=USS Cole DDG-67 Crest.png |DDG68 |DDG-68=USS The Sullivans crest.png |DDG69 |DDG-69=USS Milius DDG-69 Crest.png |DDG70 |DDG-70=USS Hopper DDG-70 Crest.png |DDG71 |DDG-71=USS Ross DDG-71 Crest.png |DDG72 |DDG-72=USS Mahan DDG-72 Crest.png |DDG73 |DDG-73=USS Decatur DDG-73 Crest.png |DDG74 |DDG-74=USS McFaul DDG-74 Crest.png |DDG75 |DDG-75=USS Donald Cook DDG-75 Crest.png |DDG76 |DDG-76=USS Higgins DDG-76 Crest.png |DDG77 |DDG-77=USS O'Kane DDG-77 Crest.png |DDG78 |DDG-78=USS Porter DDG-78 Crest.png |DDG79 |DDG-79=USS Oscar Austin DDG-79 Crest.png |DDG80 |DDG-80=USS Roosevelt DDG-80 Crest.png |DDG81 |DDG-81=USS Winston Churchill DDG-81 Crest.png |DDG82 |DDG-82=USS Lassen DDG-82 Crest.png |DDG83 |DDG-83=USS Howard DDG-83 Crest.png |DDG84 |DDG-84=USS Bulkeley DDG-84 Crest.png |DDG85 |DDG-85=USS McCampbell DDG-85 Crest.png |DDG86 |DDG-86=USS Shoup DDG-86 Crest.png |DDG87 |DDG-87=USS Mason DDG-87 Crest.png |DDG88 |DDG-88=USS Preble DDG-88 Crest.png |DDG89 |DDG-89=USS Mustin DDG-89 Crest.png |DDG90 |DDG-90=USS Chafee DDG-90 Crest.png |DDG91 |DDG-91=USS Pinckney DDG-91 Crest.png |DDG92 |DDG-92=USS Momsen DDG-92 Crest.png |DDG93 |DDG-93=USS Chung Hoon DDG-93 Crest.png |DDG94 |DDG-94=USS Nitze DDG-94 Crest.png |DDG95 |DDG-95=USS James E. Williams DDG-95 Crest.png |DDG96 |DDG-96=USS Bainbridge DDG-96 Crest.png |DDG97 |DDG-97=USS Halsey DDG-97 Crest.png |DDG98 |DDG-98=USS Forrest Sherman DDG-98 Crest.png |DDG99 |DDG-99=USS Farragut DDG-99 Crest.png |DDG100 |DDG-100=USS Kidd DDG-100 Crest.png |DDG101 |DDG-101=USS Gridley DDG-101 Crest.png |DDG102 |DDG-102=USS Sampson DDG-102 Crest.png |DDG103 |DDG-103=USS Truxtun DDG-103 Crest.png |DDG104 |DDG-104=USS Sterett DDG-104 Crest.png |DDG105 |DDG-105=USS Dewey COA.png |DDG106 |DDG-106=USS Stockdale COA.png |DDG107 |DDG-107=USSGravelyDDG107coatofarms.png |DDG108 |DDG-108=USS Wayne E. Meyer COA.png |DDG109 |DDG-109=USS Jason Dunham COA.png |DDG110 |DDG-110=USS William P. Lawrence.png |DDG111 |DDG-111=USS Spruance COA.png |DDG112 |DDG-112=USS Michael Murphy COA.png |DDG113 |DDG-113=USS John Finn DDG-113 Crest.png |DDG114 |DDG-114=USS Ralph Johnson (DDG-114) Crest.png |DDG115 |DDG-115=USS Rafael Peralta DDG-115 Crest.png |DDG116 |DDG-116=USS Thomas Hudner DDG-116 Crest.png |DDG117 |DDG-117=USS Paul Ignatius-DDG 117-Coat of Arms.png |DDG119 |DDG-119=USS Delbert D. Black (DDG-119) Crest.png |DDG1000 |DDG-1000=USS Zumwalt DDG-1000 Crest.png |DE1089=USS Jesse Brown (DE-1089) Crest.png |DE-1089=USS Jesse Brown (DE-1089) COA.png |Enlisted Surface Warfare Specialist |Enlisted Surface Warfare |Enlisted Surface Warfare Specialist Insignia |ESWS=Enlisted Surface Warfare Specialist Insignia.png |FF-1038=USS McCloy (FF-1038) COA.png |FF1089=USS Jesse Brown (FF-1089) COA.png |FF-1089=USS Jesse Brown (FF-1089) Crest.png |FF1097=USS Moinester (FF-1097) Crest.png |FF-1097=USS Moinester (FF-1097) COA.png |FF1098=USS Glover (FF-1098) COA.png |FF-1098=USS Glover (FF-1098) Crest.png |FFG-1 = FFG-1 COA.png |FFG-4=FFG-4 COA.png |FFG-7=USS Oliver Hazard Perry (FFG-7) insignia, 1977.png |FFG8=FFG-8 COA.png |FFG-8=FFG-8 Crest.png |FFG-9=FFG-9 COA.png |FFG10=FFG-10 Crest.png |FFG-10=FFG-10 COA.png |FFG11=FFG-11 Crest.png |FFG-11=FFG-11 COA.png |FFG-12=FFG-12 COA.png |FFG 13=USS Morrison (FFG-13) COA.png |FFG13=FFG-13 Crest.png |FFG-13=FFG-13 COA.png |FFG-14=FFG-14 COA.png |FFG 15=USS Estocin (FFG-15) COA.png |FFG15=FFG-15 Crest.png |FFG-15=FFG-15 COA.png |FFG-16=FFG-16_COA.png |FFG19=FFG-19 Crest.png |FFG-19=FFG-19 COA.png |FFG 20=USS Antrim (FFG-20) Crest.png |FFG20=FFG-20 Crest.png |FFG-20=FFG-20 COA.png |FFG-21=FFG-21_COA.png |FFG22=FFG-22 Crest.png |FFG-22=FFG-22 COA.png |FFG23=FFG-23 Crest.png |FFG-23=FFG-23 COA.png |FFG-24=FFG-24 COA.png |FFG-25=USS Copeland (FFG-25) insignia, 1981 (NH 100913-KN).png |FFG-26=FFG-26 COA.png |FFG 27=USS Tisdale (FFG-27) COA.png |FFG27=USS Tisdale FFG-27 COA.png |FFG-27=FFG-27 COA.png |FFG-28=FFG-28 COA.png |FFG-29=USS Stephen W. Groves (FFG-29) insignia, 1990.png |FFG-30=FFG-30 COA.png |FFG-31=FFG-31 COA.png |FFG-32=FFG-32_COA.png |FFG33=FFG-33_Crest.png |FFG-33=FFG-33_COA.png |FFG-34=USS Aubrey Fitch (FFG-34) insignia, 1995.png |FFG-36=USS Underwood FFG-36 Crest.png |FFG-37=USS Crommelin FFG-37 Crest.png |FFG-38=USS Curts FFG-38 Crest.png |FFG39=FFG-39 Crest.png |FFG-39=FFG-39 COA.png |FFG-40=USS Halyburton FFG-40 Crest.png |FFG-41=USS McCLusky FFG-41 Crest.png |FFG-42=USS Klakring FFG-42 Crest.png |FFG-43=USS Thach FFG-43 Crest.png |FFG-45=USS DeWert FFG-45 Crest.png |FFG-46=USS Rentz FFG-46 Crest.png |FFG-47=USS Nicholas FFG-47 Crest.png |FFG-48=USS Vandegrift (FFG-48) insignia 1984.png |FFG-49=USS Robert G. Bradley FFG-49 Crest.png |FFG-50=USS Taylor FFG-50 Crest.png |FFG-51=USS Gary FFG-51 Crest.png |FFG-52=USS Carr FFG-52 Crest.png |FFG-53=Insignia of USS Hawes (FFG-53) 1984.png |FFG-54=USS Ford FFG-54 Crest.png |FFG-55=USS Elrod FFG-55 Crest.png |FFG-56=USS Simpson FFG-56 Crest.png |FFG-57=USS Reuben James. FFG-57 Crest.png |FFG-58=USS Samuel B. Roberts FFG-58 Crest.png |FFG-59=USS Kauffman FFG-59 Crest.png |FFG-60=USS Rodney M. Davis FFG-60 Crest.png |FFG-61=USS Ingraham (FFG-61) insignia, 1989.png |FMFE=Fleet Marine Force Enlisted Warfare Specialist Device.svg |FMFEW=Fleet Marine Force Enlisted Warfare Specialist Device.png |Fleet Marine Force Enlisted Warfare Specialist |Fleet Marine Force Enlisted Warfare Specialist Device |FMFEWS=Fleet Marine Force Enlisted Warfare Specialist Device.svg |GB=Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1714-1801).svg |Global War on Terrorism Service |Global War on Terrorism Service Medal |War on Terrorism Service |War on Terrorism Service Medal |War on Terror Service |War on Terror Service Medal |Global War on Terror Service |Global War on Terror Service Medal |WOT Service |WOT Service Medal |GWOT Service |GWOT Service Medal |GWOTSM=Global War on Terrorism Service Medal ribbon.svg{{!}}border |Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary |Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal |War on Terrorism Expeditionary |War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal |War on Terror Expeditionary |War on Terror Expeditionary Medal |Global War on Terror Expeditionary |Global War on Terror Expeditionary Medal |WOT Expeditionary |WOT Expeditionary Medal |GWOT Expeditionary |GWOT Expeditionary Medal |GWOTEM=Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal ribbon.svg{{!}}border |Health and Human Services |Department of Health and Human Services |Health and Human Services Department |U.S. Health and Human Services Department |U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |US Department of Health and Human Services |US Health and Human Services Department |HHS=US Department of Health and Human Services seal.svg |Housing |Housing and Urban |Housing and Urban Development |Department of Housing |Department of Housing and Urban Development |Housing and Urban Development Department |US Housing and Urban Development Department |U.S. Housing and Urban Development Department |United States Department of Housing and Urban Development |U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development |US Department of Housing and Urban Development |hud |USHUD |HUD=Seal of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development.svg |Humanitarian Service Medal |Humanitarian Service |US Humanitarian Service Medal |U.S. Humanitarian Service Medal |US Humanitarian Service |U.S. Humanitarian Service |HSM=Humanitarian Service Medal ribbon.svg{{!}}border |HVO=Logo of Croatian Defence Council.svg |Immigration and Naturalization Service |Immigration and Naturalization |US Immigration and Naturalization Service |U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service |United States Immigration and Naturalization Service |INS=Seal of the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service.svg |IRGC=Seal of the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution.svg |Joint Special Operations Command |JSOC=Seal of the Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC).svg |Joint Meritorious Unit Award |Joint Meritorious Unit |JMUA=Joint Meritorious Unit Award ribbon.svg{{!}}border |U.S. Joint Service Achievement Medal |U.S. Joint Service Achievement |US Joint Service Achievement Medal |US Joint Service Achievement |Joint Service Achievement Medal |Joint Service Achievement |JSAM=U.S. Joint Service Achievement Medal ribbon.svg{{!}}border |Joint Service Commendation |Joint Service Commendation Medal |JSCM=Joint Service Commendation Medal ribbon.svg{{!}}border |JTF GTMO |JTFGTMO |GTMO |JTF-GTMO=JTFGTMO logo.png |Kenyan |Kenyans |Kenya=Coat of arms of Kenya (Official).svg |Korea Defense Service |Korea Defense Service Medal |KDSM=Korea Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg{{!}}border |LA Police |L.A. Police |LA City P.D. |L.A. City P.D. |Los Angeles Police Department |L.A. Police Department |LA Police Department |Los Angeles City Police |Los Angeles City Police Department |City of Los Angeles Police Department |City of Los Angeles Police |City of Los Angeles P.D. |City of Los Angeles PD |LAPD=Seal of the Los Angeles Police Department.png |LAPD-SWAT |LAPD SWAT |LAPDSWAT=Seal of LAPD Special Weapons and Tactics.svg |LAPD-ASD |LAPD ASD |LAPDASD=Seal of the LAPD Air Support Division.svg |LHA1 |LHA-1=USS Tarawa COA.png |LHA2 |LHA-2=USS Saipan COA.png |LHA3 |LHA-3=USS Belleau Wood COA.png |LHA4 |LHA-4=USS Nassau COA.png |LHA5 |LHA-5=USS Peleliu COA.png |LHA6 |LHA-6=USS America LHA-6 Crest.png |LHD1 |LHD-1=USS Wasp (LHD-1) crest.png |LHD2 |LHD-2=USS Essex LHD-2 Crest.png |LHD3 |LHD-3=USS Kearsarge LHD-3 Crest.png |LHD4 |LHD-4=USS Boxer COA.png |LHD5 |LHD-5=USS Bataan COA.png |LHD6 |LHD-6=USS Bonhomme Richard COA.png |LHD7 |LHD-7=USS Iwo Jima COA.png |LHD8 |LHD-8=USS Makin Island COA.png |LPD17 |LPD-17=USS San Antonio LPD-17 Crest.png |LPD18 |LPD-18=USS New Orleans (LPD-18) crest.png |LPD19 |LPD-19=USS Mesa Verde (LPD-19) crest.png |LPD20 |LPD-20=USS Green Bay (LPD-20) crest.png |LPD21 |LPD-21=USS-New-York-(LPD-21)-COA.png |LPD22 |LPD-22=LPD-22 COA.png |LPD23 |LPD-23=LPD-23 COA.png |LPD24 |LPD-24=LPD-24 COA.png |LPD25 |LPD-25=LPD-25 COA.png |LPD26 |LPD-26=USS John P. Murtha LPD-26 Crest.png |LPD27 |LPD-27=LPD-27 crest.png |Maritime Administration |Maritime |US Maritime Administration |U.S. Maritime Administration |United States Maritime Administration |MARAD=US-MaritimeAdministration-Seal.svg |MCM1 |MCM-1=USS Avenger MCM-1 Crest.png |MCM2 |MCM-2=USS Defender MCM-2 Crest.png |MCM3 |MCM-3=USS Sentry MCM-3 Crest.png |MCM4 |MCM-4=USS Champion MCM-4 Crest.png |MCM5 |MCM-5=USS Guardian MCM-5 Crest.png |MCM6 |MCM-6=USS Devastator MCM-6 Crest.png |MCM7 |MCM-7=USS Patriot MCM-7 Crest.png |MCM8 |MCM-8=USS Scout MCM-8 Crest.png |MCM9 |MCM-9=USS Pioneer MCM-9 Crest.png |MCM10 |MCM-10=USS Warrior MCM-10 Crest.png |MCM11 |MCM-11=USS Gladiator MCM-11 Crest.png |MCM12 |MCM-12=USS Ardent MCM-12 Crest.png |MCM13 |MCM-13=USS Dextrous MCM-13 Crest.png |MCM14 |MCM-14=USS Chief MCM-14 Crest.png |United States Information Agency |Information Agency |U.S. Information Agency |US Information Agency |USIA=Seal of the United States Information Agency.svg |Yugoslav People's Army |Yugoslavian People's Army |JNA=Logo of the JNA.svg |marine |Marines |Marine |USMC |United States Marine |United States Marines |United States Marine Corps |US Marines |U.S. Marines |US Marine |U.S. Marine |US Marine Corps |U.S. Marine Corps |marines=USMC logo.svg |DCPD |D.C. Police |DC Police |Washington Police Department |Washington Police |Washington P.D. |Washington PD |DC Police Department |D.C. Police Department |MPDC=Seal of the Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia.png |NAVSTA Norfolk |NAVSTANorfolk=NAVSTA Norfolk patch.png |N.J. State Police |NJ State Police |New Jersey State Police |NJSP=New Jersey State Police Seal.svg |Los Angeles |Los Angeles, California |LA |City of Los Angeles |L.A. City |LA City |L.A.=Seal of Los Angeles, California.svg |National Security Agency |USNSA |U.S. National Security Agency |United States National Security Agency |US National Security Agency |NSA=Seal of the U.S. National Security Agency.svg |NSCC |U.S. Navy Sea Cadet |U.S. Navy Sea Cadets |United States Navy Sea Cadet |United States Navy Sea Cadets |US Navy Sea Cadet |US Navy Sea Cadets |U.S. Naval Sea Cadet |U.S. Naval Sea Cadets |United States Naval Sea Cadet |United States Naval Sea Cadets |US Naval Sea Cadet |US Naval Sea Cadets |Naval Sea Cadet |Naval Sea Cadets |Navy Sea Cadet |Navy Sea Cadets |Sea Cadets |Sea Cadet |USNSCC=Seal of the United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps.png |OOTSODIB=Office of the Secretary of Defense Identification Badge.png |Odense=Coat of arms of Odense.svg |Marine Corps Reserve |USMCR=Marine Forces Reserve insignia (transparent background).png |USAF roundel |Roundel=Roundel of the USAF.svg |Marine Corps JROTC |MJROTC |Marine Corps Junior ROTC |Marine JROTC |Marine Junior ROTC |USMCJROTC |USMC Junior ROTC |MCJROTC=USMCJROTC.svg |Merchant |Merchant Marine |US Merchant Marine |U.S. Merchant Marine |United States Merchant Marine |merchant |USMM=Usmm-seal.png |NY |New York City |New York |City of New York |NYC=Seal of New York City.svg |NYCPD |NYC Police Department |NY Police Department |N.Y. Police Department |New York Police Department |New York City Police Department |NYPD=Patch of the New York City Police Department.svg |NYSPD |N.Y. State Police |NY State Police |New York State Police Department |New York State Police |NYSP=Seal of the New York State Police.svg |National Aeronautics and Space Administration |U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration |US National Aeronautics and Space Administration |NASA=NASA seal.svg |National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |NOAAO9 |NOAACCO9 |NOAACOC vice admiral |NOAACOCO9=NOAACOC O9 infobox.svg |NOAAO8 |NOAACCO8 |NOAACOC rear admiral |NOAACOCO8=NOAACC O8 infobox.svg |NOAA=NOAA logo.svg |National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps |US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps |U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps |National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Corps |US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Corps |U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Corps |United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer's Corps |National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer's Corps |US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer's Corps |U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer's Corps |United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Corps |NOAACC |NOAA Commissioned Corps |NOAA Commissioned Officer's Corps |NOAA Commissioned Officers Corps |NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps |NOAA Commissioned Officers' Corps |NOAA Corps |NOAACOC=NOAA Commissioned Corps.png |USN |US Navy |U.S. Navy |Navy |navy=Emblem of the United States Navy.svg |Nazi |NSDAP=NSDAP-Logo.svg |Purple Heart |Purple Heart Medal |PHM=Purple Heart ribbon.svg{{!}}border |SEAC=SEAC-collar1.jpg |Yugoslavia |Yugoslav |Yugoslavian |SFRY=Emblem of Yugoslavia (1963–1992).svg |SASM1991 |SASM-1991 |2016-SASM |2016SASM |1991SASM |1991-SASM |SWASM1991 |SWASM-1991 |2016-SWASM |2016SWASM |1991SWASM |1991-SWASM |SASM-2016=Southwest Asia Service Medal ribbon (1991-2016).svg{{!}}border |SWASM |Southwest Asia Service |Southwest Asia Service Medal |SASM=Southwest Asia Service Medal ribbon.svg{{!}}border |SCG=Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.svg |SSN 21=USS Seawolf (SSN-21) crest patch.png |SSN21=Patch of the USS Seawolf (SSN-21).png |SSN-21=USS Seawolf (SSN-21) crest.png |SSN22 |SSN-22=USS Jimmy Carter SSN-23 Crest.png |SSN23 |SSN-23=USS Connecticut (SSN-22) crest.png |SSN688 |SSN-688=SSN-688 insignia.png |SSN723 |SSN-723=723insig.png |SSGN726 |SSGN-726=USS Ohio SSBN-726 Crest.png |SSGN727 |SSGN-727=USS Michigan SSGN-727 Crest.png |SSBN727 |SSBN-727=727insig.png |SSGN728 |SSGN-728=USS Florida (SSGN-728) crest.png |SSBN728 |SSBN-728=SSBN-728 insignia.png |SSGN729 |SSGN-729=USS Georgia (SSGN-729) crest.png |SSBN729 |SSBN-729=USS Georgia (SSBN-729) crest.png |SSBN742 |SSBN-742=742insig.png |SSBN743 |SSBN-743=743insig.png |SSN749 |SSN-750=750insig.png |SSN751 |SSN-751=751insig.png |SSN752 |SSN-752=752insig.png |SSN753 |SSN-753=753insig.png |SSN754 |SSN-754=754insig.png |SSN755 |SSN-755=USS Miami (SSN-755) insignia.png |SSN772 |SSN-772=USS Greeneville SSN-772 Crest.png |United Nations |U.N. |UNO |United Nations Organization |UN=Emblem of the United Nations.svg |UNTAET=Coat of arms of East Timor (UNTAET).svg |United States |United States of America |America |American |US |U.S.=Great Seal of the United States (obverse).svg |United States Navy Good Conduct Medal |United States Navy Good Conduct |U.S. Navy Good Conduct Medal |U.S. Navy Good Conduct |US Navy Good Conduct Medal |US Navy Good Conduct |Navy Good Conduct Medal |Navy Good Conduct |USN Good Conduct Medal |USN Good Conduct |USNGCM=United States Navy Good Conduct Medal ribbon.svg{{!}}border |NPUC |NAMCPUC |USMCPUC |USNAUSMCPUC |Navy Presidential Unit |US Navy Presidential Unit |U.S. Navy Presidential Unit |USN Presidential Unit |Navy Presidential Unit Citation |US Navy Presidential Unit Citation |U.S. Navy Presidential Unit Citation |USN Presidential Unit Citation |USNPUC=United States Navy Presidential Unit Citation ribbon.svg{{!}}border |United States Department of the Treasury |US Department of the Treasury |U.S. Department of the Treasury |Department of the Treasury |Treasury Department |U.S. Treasury Department |US Treasury Department |Treasury=Seal of the United States Department of the Treasury.svg |United States Department of Agriculture |Department of Agriculture |US Department of Agriculture |U.S. Department of Agriculture |Agriculture Department |U.S. Agriculture Department |US Agriculture Department |Agriculture |USDA=Seal of the United States Department of Agriculture.svg |Navy Reserve |USNR=Seal of the United States Navy Reserve.svg |USNR2017 |USNR-2005 |USNR2005 |Navy Reserve (2005-2017) |Navy Reserve (2005–2017) |USNR-2017=Seal of the United States Navy Reserve (2005-2017).svg |Military Sealift |Military Sealift Command |USMSC |USNMSC |USN Military Sealift Command |US Navy Military Sealift Command |U.S. Navy Military Sealift Command |US Military Sealift Command |U.S. Military Sealift Command |US Military Sealift |U.S. Military Sealift |MSC=Seal of the Military Sealift Command.png |Navy Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps |US Navy Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps |U.S. Navy Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps |United States Navy Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps |U.S. Naval Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps |United States Naval Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps |US Naval Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps |Navy JROTC |Navy Junior ROTC |Naval JROTC |Naval Junior ROTC |US Navy JROTC |US Navy Junior ROTC |US Naval JROTC |US Naval Junior ROTC |U.S. Navy JROTC |U.S. Navy Junior ROTC |U.S. Naval JROTC |U.S. Naval Junior ROTC |USNJROTC |NJROTC=Seal of the Navy Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps.svg |USCG |US Coast Guard |Coast Guard |coastguard=US-CoastGuard-Seal.svg |USCGJROTC |Coast Guard JROTC |Coast Guard Junior ROTC |CGJROTC=Seal of the United States Coast Guard Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps.png |Texas Air National Guard |Texas ANG |Texas Air Guard |Texas Air NG |Texan Air National Guard |Texan ANG |Texan Air Guard |Texan Air NG |TXANG=Texas Air National Guard patch.png |Soviet |Soviets |USSR=State Emblem of the Soviet Union.svg |1989-Veterans |1989-Veteran |1989-Veterans Affairs |1989-USVA |1989-V.A. |1989-veteran |1989-veterans |1989Veterans |1989Veteran |1989Veterans Affairs |1989USVA |1989V.A. |1989veteran |1989veterans |2012-Veterans |2012-Veteran |2012-Veterans Affairs |2012-USVA |2012-V.A. |2012-veteran |2012-veterans |2012Veterans |2012Veteran |2012Veterans Affairs |2012USVA |2012V.A. |2012veteran |2012veterans |Veterans1989 |Veteran1989 |Veterans Affairs1989 |USVA1989 |V.A.1989 |veteran1989 |veterans1989 |Veterans2012 |Veteran2012 |Veterans Affairs2012 |USVA2012 |V.A.2012 |veteran2012 |veterans2012 |Veterans-1989 |Veteran-1989 |Veterans Affairs-1989 |USVA-1989 |V.A.-1989 |veteran-1989 |veterans-1989 |Veterans-2012 |Veteran-2012 |Veterans Affairs-2012 |USVA-2012 |V.A.-2012 |veteran-2012 |veterans-2012 |VA-2012=Seal of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs (1989-2012).svg |Veterans |Veteran Affair |Veterans' |Veterans' Affairs |Veterans' Affair |Veteran |Veterans Affairs |Veterans Affair |USVA |V.A. |veteran |veterans |VA=Seal of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.svg |Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority |D.C. Metro |Washington Metro |D.C. Metropolitan Area Transit Authority |WMATA=WMATA Metro Logo.svg |US Army Air Corps |USAAC=USAAC Roundel 1919-1941.svg |United States Border Patrol |US Border Patrol |U.S. Border Patrol |USBP=Logo of the United States Border Patrol.svg |US Army Air Forces |USAAF=US Army Air Corps Hap Arnold Wings.svg |TUKOGBANI |Britain |British |Tukogbani |UKGB |UK=Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (2022).svg |ARCAM |Army Reserve Components Achievement Medal |Army Reserve Components Achievement |US Army Reserve Components Achievement Medal |U.S. Army Reserve Components Achievement Medal |US Army Reserve Components Achievement |U.S. Army Reserve Components Achievement |USARCAM=U.S. Army Reserve Components Achievement Medal ribbon.svg{{!}}border |National Guard |USNG |NG |N.G. |US National Guard |U.S. National Guard |national guard |nationalguard=Seal of the United States National Guard.svg |USNSWO |Surface Warfare Officer |Surface Warfare Officer Badge |Surface Warfare Officer Insignia |SWO=Surface Warfare Officer Insignia.png |Army-1956 |army-1956 |Army1956 |army1956 |1956army |1956Army |Army1880 |Army-1880 |army1880 |army-1880 |1880Army |1880army |War |War Office |War Department |US War Office |U.S. War Department |US War Department |Department of War |US Department of War |U.S. Department of War |United States Department of War |United States War Department |United States War Office |war=Seal of the United States Department of War.png |VRS=Patch of the Army of Republika Srpska.svg |Washington, D.C. |Washington |Washington, DC |DC |D.C.=Seal of the District of Columbia.svg |USPHSCC |US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps |U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps |United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps |Public Health Service Commissioned Corps |PHSCC=USPHS Commissioned Corps insignia.png |ASDR |U.S. Army Sea Duty Ribbon |U.S. Army Sea Duty |US Army Sea Duty Ribbon |US Army Sea Duty |Army Sea Duty Ribbon |Army Sea Duty |USASDR=U.S. Army Sea Duty Ribbon.svg{{!}}border |USAFRICOM |AFRICOM=Seal of the United States Africa Command.svg |CYBERCOM |USCYBERCOM=Seal of the United States Cyber Command.svg |USCENTCOM |Seal of United States Central Command.svg |USEUCOM |EUCOM=USEUCOM.svg |USNORTHCOM |NORTHCOM=Seal_of_the_United_States_Northern_Command.svg |USPACOM |PACOM=Emblem of the United States Pacific Command.png |USSOUTHCOM |SOUTHCOM=Seal_of_the_United_States_Southern_Command.svg |USSOCOM |SOCOM=United_States_Special_Operations_Command_Insignia.svg |USSTRATCOM |STRATCOM=Seal_of_the_United_States_Strategic_Command.svg |USTRANSCOM |TRANSCOM=US-TRANSCOM-Emblem.svg |US O-10 |USO10=US-O10 insignia.svg |US O-9 |USO9=US-O9 insignia.svg |US O-8 |USO8=US-O8 insignia.svg |US O-7 |USO7=US-O7 insignia.svg |US O-6 |USO6=US-O6 insignia.svg |US O-5 |USO5=US-O5 insignia.svg |US O-4 |USO4=US-O4 insignia.svg |US O-3 |USO3=US-O3 insignia.svg |US O-2 |USO2=US-OF1A.svg |US O-1 |USO1=US-OF1B.svg |USAF general of the air force |USAFO11=US Air Force O11 shoulderboard with seal-horizontal.png |USAF general |USAFO10=US Air Force O10 shoulderboard rotated.svg |USAF lieutenant general |USAFO9=US Air Force O9 shoulderboard rotated.svg |USAF major general |USAFO8=US Air Force O8 shoulderboard rotated.svg |USAF brigadier general |USAFO7=US Air Force O7 shoulderboard rotated.svg |USAF colonel |USAFO6=US Air Force O6 shoulderboard rotated.svg |USAF lieutenant colonel |USAFO5=US Air Force O5 shoulderboard rotated.svg |USAF major |USAFO4=US Air Force O4 shoulderboard rotated.svg |USAF captain |USAFO3=US Air Force O3 shoulderboard rotated.svg |USAF first lieutenant |USAFO2=US Air Force O2 shoulderboard rotated.svg |USAF second lieutenant |USAFO1=US Air Force O1 shoulderboard rotated.svg |USA general of the armies |USAO12=Army-USA-OF-11.svg{{!}}border |USA general of the army |USAO11=Army-USA-OF-10.svg{{!}}border |USAO-10=Army-U.S.-OF-09.png |USA general |USA GEN |USAO10=Army-USA-OF-09.svg{{!}}border |USAO-9=Army-U.S.-OF-08.png |USA lieutenant general |USA LTG |USAO9=Army-USA-OF-08.svg{{!}}border |USAO-8=Army-U.S.-OF-07.png |USA major general |USA MG |USAO8=Army-USA-OF-07.svg{{!}}border |USAO-7=Army-U.S.-OF-06.png |USA brigadier general |USA BG |USAO7=Army-USA-OF-06.svg{{!}}border |USAO-6=Army-U.S.-OF-05.png |USA colonel |USA COL |USAO6=Army-USA-OF-05.svg{{!}}border |USAO-5=Army-U.S.-OF-04.png |USA lieutenant colonel |USA LTC |USAO5=Army-USA-OF-04.svg{{!}}border |USAO-4=Army-U.S.-OF-03.png |USA major |USA MAJ |USAO4=Army-USA-OF-03.svg{{!}}border |USAO-3=Army-U.S.-OF-02.png |USA captain |USA CPT |USAO3=Army-USA-OF-02.svg{{!}}border |USAO-2=Army-U.S.-OF-01a.png |USA first lieutenant |USA 1LT |USAO2=Army-USA-OF-01a.svg{{!}}border |USAO-1=Army-U.S.-OF-01b.png |USA second lieutenant |USA 2LT |USAO1=Army-USA-OF-01b.svg{{!}}border |USA command sergeant major |USA CSM |USAE9b=Army-U.S.-OR-09b.png |USA sergeant major |USA SGM |USAE9 |USAE9c=Army-U.S.-OR-09c.png |USA first sergeant |USA 1SG |USAE8a=Army-U.S.-OR-08a.png ‎ |USA master sergeant |USA MSG |USAE8 |USAE8b=Army-U.S.-OR-08b.png ‎ |USA sergeant first class |USA SFC |USAE7=Army-U.S.-OR-07.png ‎ |USA staff sergeant |USA SSG |USAE6=Army-U.S.-OR-06.png ‎ |USA sergeant |USA SGT |USAE5=Army-U.S.-OR-05.png ‎ |USA corporal |USA CPL |USAE4=Army-U.S.-OR-04.png ‎ |USMC general |USMCO10=US Marine 10 shoulderboard.svg |USMC lieutenant general |USMCO9=US Marine O9 shoulderboard.svg |USMC major general |USMCO8=US Marine O8 shoulderboard.svg |USMC brigadier general |USMCO7=US Marine O7 shoulderboard.svg |USMC colonel |USMCO6=US Marine O6 shoulderboard.svg |USMC lieutenant colonel |USMCO5=US Marine O5 shoulderboard.svg |USMC major |USMCO4=US Marine O4 shoulderboard.svg |USMC captain |USMCO3=US Marine O3 shoulderboard.svg |USMC first lieutenant |USMCO2=US Marine O2 shoulderboard.svg |USMC second lieutenant |USMCO1=US Marine O1 shoulderboard.svg |USN admiral of the navy |USNO12=U.S. Navy O12 infobox.png |USN fleet admiral |USNO11=US Navy O11 infobox.svg |USN admiral |USNO10=US Navy O10 infobox.svg |USN vice admiral |USNO9=US Navy O9 infobox.svg |USN rear admiral |USNO8=US Navy O8 infobox.svg |USN rear admiral lower half |USNO7=US Navy O7 infobox.svg |USN captain |USNO6=US Navy O6 infobox.svg |USN commander |USNO5=US Navy O5 infobox.svg |USN lieutenant commander |USNO4=U.S. Navy O-4 infobox.svg |USN lieutenant |USNO3=US Navy O3 infobox.svg |USN lieutenant junior grade |USNO2=US Navy O2 infobox.svg |USN ensign |USNO1=US Navy O1 infobox.svg |Midshipman |MIDN=US Navy OC infobox.svg |MCPON=MCPON Full.png |USNE10=U.S. Navy E10 infobox.png |USN command master chief petty officer |USNCMDCM=Badge of a U.S. Navy command master chief petty officer.png |USN master chief petty officer |USNE9=U.S. Navy E9 infobox.png |USN senior chief petty officer |USNE8=U.S. Navy E8 infobox.png |USN chief petty officer |USNE7=U.S. Navy E7 infobox.png |USCG admiral |USCGO10=USCG O-10 shoulderboard.svg |USCG vice admiral |USCGO9=USCG O-9 shoulderboard.svg |USCG rear admiral |USCGO8=USCG O-8 shoulderboard.svg |USCG rear admiral lower half |USCGO7=USCG O-7 shoulderboard.svg |USCG captain |USCGO6=USCG O-6 shoulderboard.svg |USCG commander |USCGO5=USCG O-5 shoulderboard.svg |USCG lieutenant commander |USCGO4=USCG O-4 shoulderboard.svg |USCG lieutenant |USCGO3=USCG O-3 shoulderboard.svg |USCG lieutenant junior grade |USCGO2=USCG O-2 shoulderboard.svg |USCG ensign |USCGO1=USCG O-1 shoulderboard.svg |MCPOCG=USCG - MCPOCG.png |USCGE10=USCG MCPOCG Collar.png |USCG command chief petty officer |USCGCMDCM=Badge of a U.S. Coast Guard command master chief petty officer.png |USCGE-6 |USCG petty officer first class |USCGE6=Insignia of a United States Coast Guard petty officer first class.svg |USCGE-5=USCG-PO2.png |USCG petty officer second class |USCGE5=Insignia of a United States Coast Guard petty officer second class.svg |USCGE-4 |USCG petty officer third class |USCGE4=Insignia of a United States Coast Guard petty officer third class.svg |USA general, UCP ACU |USA general, UCP |USAO10-UCP=GEN-ACU.png |USA lieutenant general, UCP ACU |USA lieutenant general, UCP |USAO9-UCP=LTG-ACU.jpg |USA major general, UCP ACU |USA major general, UCP |USAO8-UCP=United States Army, Major general, Combat uniform stars, 2007.jpg |USA brigadier general, UCP ACU |USA brigadier general, UCP |USAO7-UCP=BG-ACU.jpg |USA colonel, UCP ACU |USA colonel, UCP |USAO6-UCP=COL-ACU.jpg |USA lieutenant colonel, UCP |USAO5-UCP=LTC-ACU.jpg |USA major, UCP ACU |USA major, UCP |USAO4-UCP=MAJ-ACU.jpg |USA captain, UCP ACU |USA captain, UCP |USAO3-UCP=CPT-ACU.jpg |USA captain, Scorpion W2 ACU |USA captain, Scorpion ACU |USA captain, Scorpion W2 |USA captain, OCP ACU |USA captain, OCP |USAO3-OCP=Captain rank, U.S. Army OCP.png |USA first lieutenant, UCP ACU |USA first lieutenant, UCP |USAO2-UCP=1LT-ACU.jpg |USA second lieutenant, UCP ACU |USA second lieutenant, UCP |USAO1-UCP=2LT-ACU.jpg |USA corporal, UCP ACU |USA corporal, UCP |USAE4-UCP=CPL-ACU.png |2015USAO12 |2015-USAO12 |1981USAO12 |1981-USAO12 |USAO12-1981 |USA general of the armies, 1981 |USA general of the armies, 1981-2015 |USAO12-2015=U.S. Army O-12 shoulderboard, rotated (1981–2015).png |2015USAO11 |2015-USAO11 |1959USAO11 |1959-USAO11 |USAO11-1959 |USA general of the army, 1959-2015 |USAO11-2015=US Army O11 shoulderboard rotated.svg |2015USAO10 |2015-USAO10 |1959USAO10 |1959-USAO10 |USAO10-1959 |USA general, 1959-2015 |USAO10-2015=US Army O10 shoulderboard rotated.svg |2015USAO9 |2015-USAO9 |1959USAO9 |1959-USAO9 |USAO9-1959 |USA lieutenant general, 1959-2015 |USAO9-2015=US Army O9 shoulderboard rotated.svg |2015USAO8 |2015-USAO8 |1959USAO8 |1959-USAO8 |USAO8-1959 |USA major general, 1959-2015 |USAO8-2015=US Army O8 shoulderboard rotated.svg |2015USAO7 |2015-USAO7 |1959USAO7 |1959-USAO7 |USAO7-1959 |USA brigadier general, 1959-2015 |USAO7-2015=US Army O7 shoulderboard rotated.svg |2015USAO6 |2015-USAO6 |1959USAO6 |1959-USAO6 |USAO6-1959 |USA colonel, 1959-2015 |USAO6-2015=US Army O6 shoulderboard rotated.svg |2015USAO5 |2015-USAO5 |1959USAO5 |1959-USAO5 |USAO5-1959 |USA lieutenant colonel, 1959-2015 |USAO5-2015=US Army O5 shoulderboard rotated.svg |2015USAO4 |2015-USAO4 |1959USAO4 |1959-USAO4 |USAO4-1959 |USA major, 1959-2015 |USAO4-2015=US Army O4 shoulderboard rotated.svg |2015USAO3 |2015-USAO3 |1959USAO3 |1959-USAO3 |USAO3-1959 |USA captain, 1959-2015 |USAO3-2015=US Army O3 shoulderboard rotated.svg |2015USAO2 |2015-USAO2 |1959USAO2 |1959-USAO2 |USAO2-1959 |USA first lieutenant, 1959-2015 |USAO2-2015=US Army O2 shoulderboard rotated.svg |2015USAO1 |2015-USAO1 |1959USAO1 |1959-USAO1 |USAO1-1959 |USA second lieutenant, 1959-2015 |USAO1-2015=US Army O1 shoulderboard rotated.svg |#default=<span class="error">Invalid or missing parameter value</span> }}|{{Str number/trim|{{{2|{{{size|25}}}}}}}}px]]</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> t0sn20dl6bit78aoi42x1lmwpp592o1 0 616879 10368243 9459036 2025-07-02T20:43:58Z Ferien 1011873 coords no longer missing 10368243 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|23.179|N|85.588|E|display=title}} {{Infobox university | name = Panch Pargana Kisan College | established = 1978 | type = Undergraduate college | city = [[Bundu]], [[Ranchi]] | state = [[Jharkhand]] | country = [[India]] | campus = Urban | affiliations = [[Ranchi University]] | website = http://ppkcollegebundu.in/ }} '''Panch Pargana Kisan College''', also known as '''P.P.K. College''', established in 1978, is a general degree college in [[Bundu]], [[Jharkhand]]. It offers undergraduate courses in arts, commerce and sciences. It is affiliated to [[Ranchi University]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Affiliated College of Ranchi University |url=http://ranchiuniversity.ac.in/2014-03-31-05-30-13/colleges.html |access-date=2018-01-19 |archive-date=2017-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704071551/http://www.ranchiuniversity.ac.in/2014-03-31-05-30-13/colleges.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Accreditation== B.N.J. College was accrediated by the [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]] (NAAC). ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *https://ppkcollegebundu.in/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110122217/http://ppkcollegebundu.in/ |date=2018-01-10 }} [[Category:1978 establishments in Asia]] [[Category:Colleges and universities in India]] [[Category:1970s establishments in India]] {{Asia-stub}} t8pbrez2ig8ie1n6xir8sx0xd6v1kuc 3 617435 10368405 10362646 2025-07-02T22:44:48Z Ferien 1011873 Notification: listing at [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] of [[United Kingdom norovirus epidemic]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368405 wikitext text/x-wiki == Welcome == {| width="100%" style="background: #FEC; border: 1px solid #FDA; line-height: 1.8em; margin-bottom: 1em; -moz-border-radius: 0.5em; -webkit-border-radius: 0.5em; border-radius: 0.5em;" cellspacing="10" ! style="background: #FFE3AE; font-size: 1.3em; padding: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #FC9; -moz-border-radius: 0.3em; -webkit-border-radius: 0.3em; border-radius: 0.3em;" | Welcome, {{BASEPAGENAME}}! |- | {| width="100%" cellspacing="10" style="border: 1px #FDA solid; background: #FFFFE5; -moz-border-radius: 0.5em; -webkit-border-radius: 0.5em; border-radius: 0.5em;" | Hello, '''{{BASEPAGENAME}}''', and [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome]] to the '''[[Simple English Wikipedia]]'''! Thank you for [[Special:Contributions/Ivan P. Clarin|your changes]]. You may want to begin by reading these pages: * [[Help:Contents|Help]] * [[Wikipedia:Rules|Rules]] * [[Wikipedia:Useful|Links to useful pages]] * [[Wikipedia:How to write Simple English pages|How to write Simple English pages]] * [[Wikipedia:How to copy from another Wikipedia|How to copy from another Wikipedia]] For some ideas of pages to work on, read [[Wikipedia:Requested pages]] or the [[Wikipedia:Most wanted articles|list of wanted pages]]. At Wikipedia, remember to [[Wikipedia:Be bold in updating pages|be '''bold''']]! This means that you should not be afraid to change any articles. This is because, if you make any mistakes, you can always fix it later! If you have any questions, you can always ask them at [[Wikipedia:Simple talk|Simple Talk]]. If you need help just '''[http://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Mytalk&action=edit&section=new click here]''' and type '''<nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki>''' and your question. I hope you have a fun time here. If you need any help, be sure to visit [[Wikipedia:Simple talk|Simple Talk]] or contact an [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]]. See you around! [[User:Green Giant|Green Giant]] ([[User talk:Green Giant|talk]]) 14:02, 23 January 2018 (UTC) | style="vertical-align: top; padding: 1em;" | [[File:Wikipedia-logo.png|right|150px|link=|alt=]] |} |}<!-- Template:Welcome2 --> == New articles == Hello, Ivan. Thanks for the articles you have created here. I wanted to give you a few notes about things I saw in them: * If an article doesn't have any references, leave out the references section. * If an article has any references, the heading to use is "References" (plural), even if there is only one reference. * It helps to preview articles before saving them. One or more of the articles you created or changes you made to articles resulted in some errors. An example is [[Metro Clark]], where you used infobox parameters that the infobox doesn't recognize. * In headings, the only words that start with capital letters are the first word in the heading and any words that always start with capitals (such as [[proper noun]]s). Please check the articles you have created and worked on to take care of these things, and remember them for future changes. Thanks. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 04:12, 23 July 2024 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Felipe Leal== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Felipe Leal]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Felipe Leal}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:DIVINE|DIVINE]] ([[User talk:DIVINE|talk]]) 02:40, 21 August 2024 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Global Care Medical Center of Canlubang== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Global Care Medical Center of Canlubang]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2024/Global Care Medical Center of Canlubang]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]])</small> 23:42, 27 August 2024 (UTC) == September 2024 == [[Image:information.svg|30px|left]]Hey there, Ivan P. Clarin! Here are a few good ideas that you can use to help making articles in the future: *If the article that you made is under 1,500 characters, please add the {{tl|stub}} template into the article near the end (below the "Other websites" section, and below any categories). This will let other editors know that it is a short article that needs to be made longer. *If you have no idea what [[Wikipedia:Categories|categories]] an article that you begin should go under, please add the {{tl|uncat}} template to the article. This will let other editors know that you need help categorizing the article properly. Thanks for reading this message, and happy changing here on Simple English Wikipedia!<!--Template:Uw-newarticle--> – [[User:Cyber.Eyes.2005|<span style="color: #0099ff;">'''Cyber.Eyes.'''</span><span style="color: #ff6600;">'''2005'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Cyber.Eyes.2005|<span style="color: #003366;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 08:22, 1 September 2024 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Kori Sampson== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Kori Sampson]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Kori Sampson}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> – [[User:Cyber.Eyes.2005|<span style="color: #0099ff;">'''Cyber.Eyes.'''</span><span style="color: #ff6600;">'''2005'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Cyber.Eyes.2005|<span style="color: #003366;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 11:00, 10 September 2024 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Chase Chrisley== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Chase Chrisley]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Chase Chrisley}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 07:47, 16 October 2024 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Chan Than San== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Chan Than San]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Chan Than San}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 13:08, 30 October 2024 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of John Paul Gorens== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:John Paul Gorens]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:John Paul Gorens}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#g11|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Kuskrey|Ksy]] 20:39, 26 November 2024 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Patarapon To–oun Ron== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Patarapon To–oun Ron]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2024/Patarapon To–oun Ron]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Kuskrey|Ksy]] 06:10, 4 December 2024 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Iñaki Torres== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Iñaki Torres]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2024/Iñaki Torres]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Kuskrey|Ksy]] 18:19, 15 December 2024 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Jake Villamor== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Jake Villamor]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2024/Jake Villamor]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Kuskrey|Ksy]] 18:20, 15 December 2024 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Vince Maristela== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Vince Maristela]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2024/Vince Maristela]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Kuskrey|Ksy]] 07:34, 16 December 2024 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Raheel Bhyria== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Raheel Bhyria]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Raheel Bhyria]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Kuskrey|Ksy]] 07:05, 9 January 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Category:Filipino actress== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Category:Filipino actress]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Category:Filipino actress]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:10, 10 January 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Jarren Garcia== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Jarren Garcia]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Jarren Garcia]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Kuskrey|Ksy]] 07:04, 1 February 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Joshua Feytons== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Joshua Feytons]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Joshua Feytons}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#G4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 09:02, 14 February 2025 (UTC) == February 2025 == [[File:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to Wikipedia. A page you made, [[:Joshua Feytons]], did not meet our [[Wikipedia:Rules|rules]] for new pages, so it has been [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|removed]]. Please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]] for any tests. You may also want to read our [[Wikipedia:Introduction|introduction page]] to learn more about changing. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-create1 --> ''I'd recommend looking more into our [[WP:Deletion policy|Deletion policy]] and our [[WP:MOS|Manual of style]] before continuing to create pages here, as I have noticed this occurrence is not [[wikt:isolated|isolated]].'' - [[User:FusionSub|<span style="color: #0C6508">FusionSub</span>]] ([[User_talk:FusionSub|Talk page]]) ([[Special:Contributions/FusionSub|Contributions]]) 10:39, 14 February 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|25px]] Please stop making bad pages. If you continue, you will be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing and creating pages on Wikipedia. <!-- Template:uw-create3 --> [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 10:42, 14 February 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Jake Andrich== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Jake Andrich]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Jake Andrich]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Kuskrey|Ksy]] 17:24, 20 March 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Vince Maristela== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Vince Maristela]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Vince Maristela]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 19:53, 22 March 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Tropical Depression Querubin== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Tropical Depression Querubin]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tropical Depression Querubin]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:A1Cafel|A1Cafel]] ([[User talk:A1Cafel|talk]]) 17:05, 23 March 2025 (UTC) == March 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px|left]] Please do not remove [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion requests]] from articles, as you did to "[[:Tropical Depression Querubin]]". If you think the article should be kept, you can comment on the discussion page, [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tropical Depression Querubin]]. If the result of the discussion is to keep the article, the closing [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] will remove the deletion request. Thank you. <!-- Template:Uw-rfd --> ''Please don't remove the RFD tags from articles. The process will continue. Instead, please comment on the RFD itself.'' [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 13:49, 24 March 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Stop hand nuvola.svg|30px]] This is the '''last warning''' you will get for the bad pages you have made. The next time you make a bad page, you '''will''' be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing Wikipedia. <!-- Template:uw-create4 --> [[User:A1Cafel|A1Cafel]] ([[User talk:A1Cafel|talk]]) 16:35, 26 March 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Charlie DePew== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Charlie DePew]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Charlie DePew]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:A1Cafel|A1Cafel]] ([[User talk:A1Cafel|talk]]) 16:36, 26 March 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Peewee Perez== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Peewee Perez]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Peewee Perez]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 19:39, 5 April 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Yotsawat Tawapee== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Yotsawat Tawapee]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yotsawat Tawapee]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Kuskrey|Ksy]] 20:57, 5 April 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of NAIA Terminal 1 tragedy== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:NAIA Terminal 1 tragedy]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/NAIA Terminal 1 tragedy]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:29, 16 May 2025 (UTC) == Discussion opened regarding your editing == Hello, Ivan P. Clarin. I have opened a discussion regarding your editing at [[Wikipedia:Simple_talk#Ivan_P._Clarin]]. It would be a good idea for you to contribute to that discussion. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:44, 16 May 2025 (UTC) :This discussion has moved to [[Wikipedia:Administrators'_noticeboard#Ivan_P._Clarin]]. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 13:26, 16 May 2025 (UTC) ==Relpy== I apologize for what i did, i think it is a good idea for my mistaken here of my the blocked log is indefinite. srry if you are think i created for bad things and for not response in my talk page thank you, i think i can't help to improve and contribute wikipedia. [[User:Ivan P. Clarin|Ivan P. Clarin]] ([[User talk:Ivan P. Clarin#top|talk]]) 00:53, 18 May 2025 (UTC) {{unblock reviewed|1=If you give for the last chances, i will never/not upload photos, images, engaging with the warnings by wikipedia meet guidelines, do not creating any bad things, minor edits or less than i can contribute.Ivan P. Clarin (talk) 9:07 pm, 20 May 2025, last Tuesday (3 days ago) (UTC−4)|decline=This talk page speaks for itself. You have a long history of creating bad pages, which causes project disruption. Give it some time, I am talking in the order of months, at least a couple then we can review this block, but I think we need to have this cooling off period. -- [[User:Enfcer|Enfcer]] ([[User talk:Enfcer|talk]]) 21:50, 23 May 2025 (UTC)}} ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Franchesco Maafi== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Franchesco Maafi]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Franchesco Maafi]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 20:29, 31 May 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Antipolo bakery massacre== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Antipolo bakery massacre]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Antipolo bakery massacre]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 17:59, 4 June 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Radson Flores== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Radson Flores]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Radson Flores]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 19:57, 4 June 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Argentine Italian== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Argentine Italian]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Argentine Italian]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 14:31, 13 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Shan Vesagas== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Shan Vesagas]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Shan Vesagas}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 17:22, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Brandon Thomas Lee== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Brandon Thomas Lee]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brandon Thomas Lee]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:18, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of United Kingdom norovirus epidemic== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:United Kingdom norovirus epidemic]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/United Kingdom norovirus epidemic]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:44, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 7nn4uqssr8u7fozmvqkc2wphtwnon38 14 626749 10368044 10287099 2025-07-02T18:18:54Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 rmv popcat 10368044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{EstcatCountry|the United Kingdom|United Kingdom}} [[Category:1874 establishments in Europe|United Kingdom]] 22bzvs1jmzzvllxntd2tortyfnkh2ll 14 626872 10368152 10287104 2025-07-02T19:43:26Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 rmv popcat 10368152 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons category}} {{EstcatCountry|the United Kingdom|United Kingdom}} [[Category:1896 establishments in Europe|United Kingdom]] ata2t91bu60i72w2xtkith0hzbro2ql 14 627030 10368173 10287102 2025-07-02T19:57:48Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 rmv popcat 10368173 wikitext text/x-wiki {{EstcatCountry|the United Kingdom|United Kingdom}} [[Category:1904 establishments in Europe|United Kingdom]] a0jpy7e074sljrgebhbnixz58cfaz40 14 631133 10368167 10287103 2025-07-02T19:54:26Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 rmv popcat 10368167 wikitext text/x-wiki {{EstcatCountry|the United Kingdom|United Kingdom}} {{Commons category}} [[Category:1898 establishments in Europe|United Kingdom]] dg06hi4ps4qodktikg5djaqdlk4ckeg 0 631339 10369137 10362771 2025-07-03T07:55:02Z Cactusisme 1477024 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/2409:40D4:3002:B727:25BE:75F0:17CE:53DB|2409:40D4:3002:B727:25BE:75F0:17CE:53DB]] ([[User talk:2409:40D4:3002:B727:25BE:75F0:17CE:53DB|talk]]) to last version by InternetArchiveBot 9571612 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = Ankita Lokhande |image= Ankita Lokhande.jpg |caption= |birth_date= {{birth date and age|1984|11|19|df=yes}} |birth_place= |nationality= [[India]] |occupation= [[Actress]] |years_active= present - 2006 }} '''Ankita Lokhande''' is an Indian television and Bollywood actress. She made her acting debut in 2009 with [[Zee TV]]'s [[soap opera]] [[Drama]] [[:en:Pavitra Rishta|Pavitra Rishta]]. Her appearance in the popular show has made her one of the highest-paid [[actress]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/tags/Ankita-Lokhande|title=Ankita-Lokhande|last=Team|first=Tellychakkar|work=Tellychakkar.com|access-date=2018-04-16|language=en|archive-date=2018-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428205317/http://www.tellychakkar.com/tags/ankita-lokhande|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tellydhamaal.com/tag/ankita-lokhande|title=Ankita Lokhande – serial gossips, TV serial news, upcoming twists, spoilers, written updates|website=www.tellydhamaal.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-04-16|archive-date=2018-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108035110/http://www.tellydhamaal.com/tag/ankita-lokhande|url-status=dead}}</ref> in the world of Indian Television. She also participated in celebrity dance reality show [[:en:Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (season 4)|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (season 4)]] on [[Sony Entertainment Television (India)]]. ==Television== * 2006-07 [[Idea Zee Cinestars]] as Participat * 2009-14 [[Pavitra Rishta]] as Archana Manav Dheshmukh/Ankita Naren Karmarkar [[Zee TV]] * 2011- [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (season 4)]] as participat [[Colors TV]] * 2011- [[Comedy Circus]] as participat [[Sony Entertainment Television (India)|Sony TV]] * 2013- [[EK Thi Naayka]] as Pragya [[Life OK]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commons category|Ankita Lokhande}} * {{IMDb name}} * {{Facebook |TheAankitaLokhaandeofficial}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lokhande, Ankita}} [[Category:1984 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Indian television actors]] [[Category:Actors from Mumbai]] [[Category:Indian movie actors]] cujy85jdzkieo9iumfp71q9f1bv8ver 0 632010 10368855 10323887 2025-07-03T03:24:37Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Pancreatitis | image = Illu pancrease.svg | caption = The [[pancreas]] and surrounding [[organ (anatomy)|organs]] | field = {{hlist|[[Gastroenterology]]|[[general surgery]]}} | symptoms = {{hlist|[[epigastrium|Pain in the upper abdomen]]|[[nausea]]|[[vomiting]]|[[fever]]|[[steatorrhea|fatty stool]]<ref name=NID2012/>}} | complications = Infection, bleeding, [[diabetes mellitus]],<ref name=NID2012/> pancreatic cancer, kidney failure, breathing problems, malnutrition<ref>{{cite news |title=Patient Care & Health Information > Diseases & Conditions: Pancreatitis |url= https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pancreatitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20360227 |publisher=[[Mayo Clinic]] |date=4 June 2022}}</ref> | onset = | duration = Short or long term<ref name=NID2012/> | causes = {{hlist|[[Gallstone]]|heavy [[alcohol (drug)|alcohol]] use|direct trauma|certain medications|[[mumps]]<ref name=NID2012/>}} | risks = Smoking<ref name=Lancet2015/><ref name=Yad2013/> | diagnosis = Based on symptoms, blood [[amylase]] or [[lipase]]<ref name=NID2012/><ref name=Gastroenterology2007/> | differential = | prevention = | treatment = [[Intravenous fluid]]s, [[pain medication]], [[antibiotic]]s<ref name=NID2012/> | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = 8.9 million (2015)<!-- incidence --><ref name=GBD2015Pre/> | deaths = 132,700 (2015)<ref name=GBD2015De/> }} '''Pancreatitis''' is [[inflammation]] of the [[pancreas]]. The pancreas is a large organ behind the [[stomach]] that produces [[digestive enzyme]]s and a number of [[hormone]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 December 2020|title=Symptoms of pancreatitis: signs, where it hurts, how to treat|url=https://el-klinika.ru/simptomy-pankreatita-u-zhenshhiny/|access-date=|website=|language=}}</ref> There are two main types, [[acute pancreatitis]] and [[chronic pancreatitis]]. Signs and symptoms of pancreatitis include [[epigastrium|pain in the upper abdomen]], [[nausea]] and [[vomiting]].<ref name=NID2012>{{cite web|title=Pancreatitis|url=http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/pancreatitis/Pages/facts.aspx|website=niddk.nih.gov|access-date=1 March 2015|date=August 16, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150307095945/http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/pancreatitis/Pages/facts.aspx|archive-date=7 March 2015}}</ref> The pain often goes into the back and is usually severe. The most common causes of acute pancreatitis are [[gallstone]]s and heavy [[alcohol]] use.<ref name=NID2012/> ==Other animals== Fatty foods may cause [[canine pancreatitis]] in [[dog]]s.<ref> {{cite web|title=8 Toxic Foods for Dogs|url=http://www.consumerreports.org/pet-products/toxic-foods-for-dogs/| vauthors = Calderone J |date=July 30, 2016|work=Consumer Reports|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211155407/http://www.consumerreports.org/pet-products/toxic-foods-for-dogs/|archive-date=February 11, 2017}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commons category}} * [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK84399/ GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on PRSS1-Related Hereditary Pancreatitis] * {{cite web | url = https://medlineplus.gov/pancreatitis.html | publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine | work = MedlinePlus | title = Pancreatitis }} {{Medical condition classification and resources | DiseasesDB = 24092 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|K|85||k|80}}, {{ICD10|K|86|0|k|80}}–{{ICD10|K|86|1|k|80}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|577.0}}–{{ICD9|577.1}} | ICDO = | OMIM = 167800 | MedlinePlus = 001144 | eMedicineSubj = emerg | eMedicineTopic = 354 | MeshID = D010195 |GeneReviewsName=Pancreatitis |GeneReviewsNBK=NBK190101 }} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Inflammation]] [[Category:Metabolic disorders]] [[Category:Pancreas]] gjhi8ier0xmscn8er7b31dfgo5en51d 0 632863 10369141 10283037 2025-07-03T07:58:59Z 2409:40D4:2052:8203:8000:0:0:0 10369141 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''[[President of India]]''' is the [[head of state]] of the [[Republic of India]]. This is the list of individuals who were presidents of the republic. ==List of presidents of India== {{For|historical heads of state in the Indian Subcontinent|List of heads of state of India}} ===Company rule in India=== {{Main|Company rule in India}} ===British Raj=== {{Main|British Raj}} === Provisional Government to Indian independence === {{Main|Provisional Government of India}} [[File:Indian,German and Turkish delegates of Niedermayer Mission.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Mahendra Pratap (centre), President of the [[Provisional Government of India]], at the head of [[Niedermayer–Hentig Expedition|the Mission]] with the German and Turkish delegates in Kabul, 1915. Seated to his right is [[Werner Otto von Hentig]].]] On 1 December 1915 Pratap established the first [[Provisional Government of India]] at [[Kabul]] in Afghanistan as a [[government-in-exile]]<ref>{{Cite news|title = Looking back at the times|url = http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/seminar-at-the-aligarh-muslim-university-highlighted-the-contribution-of-its-alumni-including-that-of-raja-mahendra-pratap-in-indias-freedom-struggle/article6830815.ece|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 28 January 2015|access-date = 29 October 2015|issn = 0971-751X}}</ref> of Free Hindustan, with himself as President, [[Maulavi Barkatullah]] as Prime Minister, and Maulana [[Ubaidullah Sindhi]] as Home Minister, declaring [[jihad]] on the British.<ref>Contributions of Raja Mahendra Prata by [[Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman]], International Seminar on Raja Mahendra Pratap & Barkatullah Bhopali|[[Maulavi Barkatullah]], Barkatulla University, Bhopal, 1–3 December 2005.</ref> Anti-British forces supported his movement, but because of obvious loyalty to the British, the Amir kept on delaying the expedition to overthrow British rule in India.{{Citation needed|date= April 2020}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="98%" ! scope="col" |# ! scope="col" width="25%" |Name (birth–death) ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Photograph ! scope="col" |Elected ! scope="col" |Took office ! scope="col" |Left office ! scope="col" |Vice President ! colspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable" |Party |- ! colspan="9" |Provisional Government of India |- !1 |[[Mahendra Pratap]] | |— |1915 |1919 |[[Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah]] | | |- !2 |[[Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah]] | |— |1919 |1919 |[[Mahendra Pratap]] | | |} ===British Raj=== {{Main|British Raj}} ===Governor-General=== {{main|List of governors-general of India}} ===President of the Executive Council=== [[Purna Swaraj|Interim Government of India]] The '''Declaration of Purna Swaraj''' was a [[Resolution (law)|resolution]] which was passed in 1930 because of the dissatisfaction among the Indian masses regarding the British offer of [[Dominion|Dominion status]] to [[British Raj|India]]. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! # ! style="width:17em" |Name ! Portrait ! colspan="2" |Term of office ! style="width:8em" |Political party |- ! 1 | '''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]''' | | 1928 | 1941 | [[Indian National Congress]] |- |} ===Subhas Chandra Bose Provisional Government to Indian independence === The '''Provisional Government of Free India''' or, more simply, '''[[Azad Hind]]''',<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Rudolph |first=Lloyd I. |author2=Hoeber Rudolph, Susanne |title=Explaining Indian Democracy: The realm of institutions: state formation and institutional change |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]; Original from: [[University of California Press]] |year=2008 |page=58 |isbn=978-0-19-569365-2}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Ghose |first=Sankar |title=Political ideas and movements in India |publisher=Allied Publishers; Original from: [[University of Michigan Press]] |year=1975 |page=136 }}</ref> was a short-lived Japanese-controlled provisional government in India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Pant |first=H. V. |title=The Routledge Handbook of Indian Defence Policy: Themes, Structures and Doctrines |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-000-07435-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YbfjDwAAQBAJ |page=72}}</ref> It was established in [[Japanese occupation of Singapore|Japanese occupied Singapore]] during [[World War II]] in October 1943 and has been considered [[List of World War II puppet states|a puppet state]] of the [[Empire of Japan]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cribb |first1=R. |last2=Li |first2=N. |title=Imperial Japan and National Identities in Asia, 1895–1945 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-000-14401-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-pzyDwAAQBAJ |page=242|quote=Japanese postal authorities prepared stamps for use in the foreshadowed puppet state of Azad Hind}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Dunphy |first=J. J. |title=Unsung Heroes of the Dachau Trials: The Investigative Work of the U.S. Army 7708 War Crimes Group, 1945–1947 |publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-4766-3337-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6tt8DwAAQBAJ |page=116|quote=Imperial Japan in 1943 had established a puppet state known as the Provisional Government of Free India}}</ref><ref name="toye" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="98%" ! scope="col" |# ! scope="col" width="25%" |Name (birth–death) ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Photograph ! scope="col" |Elected ! scope="col" |Took office ! scope="col" |Left office ! scope="col" |Vice President ! colspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable" |Party |- ! colspan="9" |Provisional Government of India |- !1 |[[Subhas Chandra Bose]] | |— |1941 |1945 |[[Mohan Singh]] and [[Iwaichi Fujiwara]] founders of the [[First Indian National Army]] | | |} ===President of the Executive Council=== [[Interim Government of India]] The '''Interim Government of India''', also known as the '''Provisional Government of India''', formed on 1945<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/interim-government/1/463170.html|title=India's first government was formed today: All you need to know|access-date=2016-05-27|archive-date=2017-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225203558/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/interim-government/1/463170.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> from the newly elected [[Constituent Assembly of India]], had the task of assisting the transition of [[British Raj|British India]] to independence. It remained in place until 15 August 1947, the date of the independence (and [[Partition of India|partition]]) of British India, and the creation of the dominions of [[Dominion of India|India]] and [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]].<ref name="A">{{cite book|title=Constitutional history of India, including the nationalist movement|pages=200–10|author=Vidya Dhar Mahajan|author-link=Vidya Dhar Mahajan|publisher=S. Chand|year=1971}}</ref><ref name="B">{{cite web|title=Office of the Historian – Countries – India|url=https://history.state.gov/countries/india|publisher=[[U.S. State Department]]|access-date=2009-08-16}}</ref><ref name="C">{{cite book|title=History of Modern India, 1707 A. D. to 2000 A. D.|author=Radhey Shyam Chaurasia|pages=300–400|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors|year=2002|isbn=978-81-269-0085-5}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! # ! style="width:17em" |Name ! Portrait ! colspan="2" |Term of office ! style="width:8em" |Political party |- ! 1 | '''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]''' [[List of prime ministers of India|Vice-President of the Executive Council]]<br> [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|External Affairs & Commonwealth Relations]]<br> | | 1945 | 15 August<br>1947 | [[Indian National Congress]] |- |} ===Governor-General=== {{main|List of governors-general of India}} The Dominion of India remained "India" in common parlance but was geographically reduced by the lands that went to Pakistan, as a separate dominion. Under the Act, the King remained the monarch of India but the British government relinquished all responsibility for administering its former territories. The government also revoked its treaty rights with the rulers of the princely states and advised them to join in a political union with India or Pakistan. Accordingly, one of the British monarch's regnal titles, "[[Emperor of India]]," was abandoned. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !rowspan=2|# !rowspan=2|Governor-General<br>{{small|(Birth–Death)}} !rowspan=2|Portrait !colspan=2|Tenure !rowspan=2|Monarch !rowspan=2|[[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] |- !Took office !Left office |- ! 1 ! [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|The Rt. Hon. The Earl Mountbatten of Burma]]<br>{{small|(1900–1979)}} | [[File:Lord Mountbatten 4 Allan Warren.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|15 August}} 1947 | {{nowrap|21 June}} 1948 | rowspan=2 |George VI | rowspan=2 |[[Jawaharlal Nehru|Nehru]] |- ! 2 ! [[C. Rajagopalachari|Chakravarti Rajagopalachari]]<br>{{small|(1878–1972)}} | [[File:C Rajagopalachari Feb 17 2011.JPG|60px]] | {{nowrap|21 June}} 1948 | {{nowrap|26 January}} 1950 |- |} ===President of India (1950–present)=== {{legend|{{party color|Independent politician}}" | President was an Independent candidate (4)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |President was a candidate of [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) (8)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |President was a candidate of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) (2)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Janata Party}}" |President was a candidate of the [[Janata Party]] (JP) (1)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} ;Key <sup>{{Dagger|alt=Died in office}}</sup>-Died in office<br /><sup>[[File:Invertedcross1.jpg|5px|alt=Did not complete assigned term]]</sup>-Resigned<br /> {|class="wikitable sortable" id="pm list" style="width:100%; text-align:center" |- ! rowspan="2" |# ! rowspan="2" |President<br>{{small|(birth–death)}} ! rowspan="2" |Portrait ! colspan="2" |Tenure ! rowspan="2" |Elected ! rowspan="2" |Political party ! rowspan="2" |[[List of vice presidents of India|Vice president]] |- !Took office !Left office |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 1 ! [[Rajendra Prasad]]<br>{{small|(1884–1963)}} | [[File:Rajendra Prasad (Indian President), signed image for Walter Nash (NZ Prime Minister), 1958 (16017609534).jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|26 January}} 1950 | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1962 |[[1950 Indian presidential election|1950]]<br>[[1952 Indian presidential election|1952]]<br>[[1955 Indian presidential election|1955]] <br>[[1957 Indian presidential election|1957]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan |- ! 2 ! [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan|Sir Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]<br>{{small|(1888–1975)}} | [[File:Photograph of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan presented to First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy in 1962.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1962 | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1967 | [[1962 Indian presidential election|1962]] <br>[[1965 Indian presidential election|1965]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]] |- ! 3 ! [[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]]<br>{{small|(1897–1969)}} | [[File:President Zakir Husain 1998 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1967 | {{nowrap|3 May}} 1969<br>{{small|(''died in office.'')}} | [[1967 Indian presidential election|1967]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] | rowspan="3" |[[V. V. Giri]] |- ! 4 ! [[V. V. Giri]]<br>{{small|(1894–1980)}} | [[File:10) V.V GIRI AUTOGRAPHED PENCIL SKETCH.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|3 May }} 1969 | {{nowrap|20 July}} 1969 | [[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |- ! 5 !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} | [[File:Justice M. Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|20 July}} 1969 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1969 |[[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |- ! (4) ! [[V. V. Giri]]<br>{{small|(1894–1980)}} | [[File:V.V.Giri.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1969 | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 | [[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Gopal Swarup Pathak]] |- !– ![[Gopal Swarup Pathak]]<br>(1896–1982) | |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak |- !(4) ![[V. V. Giri]] {{small|(1894–1980)}} |[[File:10) V.V GIRI AUTOGRAPHED PENCIL SKETCH.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1974 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 6 ! [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]]<br>{{small|(1905–1977)}} | [[File:Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed 1977 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1974 | {{nowrap|11 February}} 1977<br>{{small|(''died in office.'')}} | [[1974 Indian presidential election|1974]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak B. D. Jatti |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 7 ![[B. D. Jatti]]<br>{{small|(1912–2002)}} | [[File:B.D Jatti (enhanced).jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|11 February}} 1977 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1977<br> |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |B. D. Jatti |- !style="background:#1F75FE;" |&nbsp; 8 ![[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]<br>{{small|(1913–1996)}} | [[File:NeelamSanjeevaReddy.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1977 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1982 | [[1977 Indian presidential election|1977]] | [[Janata Party]] |B. D. Jatti Mohammad Hidayatullah |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;9 ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1982 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |[[1982 Indian presidential election|1982]] |[[Indian National Congress]] | rowspan="4" |Mohammad Hidayatullah |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (5) !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} |[[File:Justice_M._Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (9) ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (5) !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} |[[File:Justice_M._Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- br > Gandhi !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (9) ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1987 |<br>[[1984 Indian presidential election|1984]] |[[Indian National Congress]] |Ramaswamy Venkataraman |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 10 ! [[R. Venkataraman]]<br>{{small|(1910–2009)}} | [[File:R Venkataraman.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1987 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1992 | [[1987 Indian presidential election|1987]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Shankar Dayal Sharma |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 11 ![[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]<br>{{small|(1918–1999)}} | [[File:Shankar Dayal Sharma 36.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1992 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1997 | [[1992 Indian presidential election|1992]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |K. R. Narayanan |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 12 ! [[K. R. Narayanan]]<br>{{small|(1920–2005)}} | [[File:K. R. Narayanan.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1997 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 | [[1997 Indian presidential election|1997]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |[[Krishan Kant]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– !'''[[Krishan Kant]]''' <small>(1927–2002)</small> | |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Krishan Kant |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(12) ![[K. R. Narayanan]] {{small|(1920–2005)}} |[[File:K. R. Narayanan.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2002 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Krishan Kant |- ! 13 ! [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]<br>{{small|(1931–2015)}} | [[File:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam in 2008.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2002 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 | [[2002 Indian presidential election|2002]] |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Krishan Kant [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !– !'''[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]''' <small>(1923–2010)</small> | |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !(13) ![[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] {{small|(1931–2015)}} |[[File:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam in 2008.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2007 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 14 ! [[Pratibha Patil]]<br>{{small|(1934–)}} | [[File:PratibhaIndia.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2007 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2010 | [[2007 Indian presidential election|2007]] | [[Indian National Congress]] | rowspan="4" |[[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– ![[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]<small>(1937–)</small> | |25 July 2010 |25 July 2010 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(14) ![[Pratibha Patil]] {{small|(1934–)}} |[[File:PratibhaIndia.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2010 |25 July 2012 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |- ! style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 15 ![[Pranab Mukherjee]]<br>{{small|(1935–2020)}} | [[File:Pranab Mukherjee Portrait.jpg|60px]] | 25 July 2012 | 25 July 2016 | [[2012 Indian presidential election|2012]] |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– ![[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]<small>(1937–)</small> | |25 July 2016 |25 July 2016 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(15) ![[Pranab Mukherjee]] {{small|(1935–2020)}} | [[File:Pranab Mukherjee Portrait.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2016 |25 July 2017 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; 16 ! [[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br>{{small|(1945–)}} | [[File:Ram Nath Kovind official portrait.jpg|60px]] | 25 July 2017 | 25 July 2018 | [[2017 Indian presidential election|2017]] | [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari [[Venkaiah Naidu]] |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; _ !'''[[Venkaiah Naidu|M. Venkaiah Naidu]]''' <small>(1949–)</small> | |25 July 2018 |25 July 2018 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Venkaiah Naidu |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; (16) ![[Ram Nath Kovind]] {{small|(1945–)}} |[[File:Ram Nath Kovind official portrait.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2018 |25 July 2022 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Venkaiah Naidu]] |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;17 ! [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br>{{small|(1958-)}} |[[File:Droupadi Murmu June 2022.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2022 |11 August 2022 |[[2022 Indian presidential election|2022]] |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Venkaiah Naidu [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;– !'''[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]''' <small>(1951–)</small> | |11 August 2022 |11 August 2022 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;17 ! [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br>{{small|(1958-)}} |[[File:Droupadi Murmu June 2022.jpg|60px]] |11 August 2022 |''Incumbent'' |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- !18 ! [[Narendra Modi]] | | | | | | |- !19 ![[Javed Khans]] | | | | | | |- |} ==Timeline== ;Timeline {{#tag:timeline| ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:20 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:50 right:130 left:20 AlignBars = late Colors = id:INC value:rgb(0.435,0.85,0.866) legend:INC id:JP value:blue legend:JP id:BJP value:orange legend:BJP id:idp value:gray(0.8) legend:Independent id:gray1 value:gray(0.8) Define $today = {{#time:d/m/Y}} DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1950 till:$today TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:10 start:1950 Legend = columns:4 left:150 top:24 columnwidth:100 TextData = pos:(20,27) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"Political Party:" BarData = barset:PREZ PlotData= width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:PREZ from: 26/01/1950 till: 13/05/1962 color:INC text:"[[Rajendra Prasad|Prasad]]" fontsize:10 from: 13/05/1962 till: 13/05/1967 color:idp text:"[[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan|Radhakrishnan]]" fontsize:10 from: 13/05/1967 till: 03/05/1969 color:idp text:"[[Zakir Husain (politician)|Husain]]" fontsize:10 from: 03/05/1969 till: 20/07/1969 color:idp text:"[[Varahagiri Venkata Giri|Giri]] (acting)" fontsize:10 from: 20/07/1969 till: 24/08/1969 color:idp text:"[[Mohammad Hidayatullah|Hidayatullah]] (acting)" fontsize:10 from: 24/08/1969 till: 24/08/1974 color:idp text:"[[Varahagiri Venkata Giri|Giri]]" fontsize:10 from: 24/08/1974 till: 11/02/1977 color:INC text:"[[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed|Ahmed]]" fontsize:10 from: 11/02/1977 till: 25/07/1977 color:INC text:"[[Basappa Danappa Jatti|Jatti]] (acting)" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1977 till: 25/07/1982 color:JP text:"[[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy|Reddy]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1982 till: 25/07/1987 color:INC text:"[[Zail Singh|Singh]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1987 till: 25/07/1992 color:INC text:"[[Ramaswamy Venkataraman|Venkataraman]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1992 till: 25/07/1997 color:INC text:"[[Shankar Dayal Sharma|Sharma]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1997 till: 25/07/2002 color:INC text:"[[Kocheril Raman Narayanan|Narayanan]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2002 till: 25/07/2007 color:idp text:"[[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|Kalam]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2007 till: 25/07/2012 color:INC text:"[[Pratibha Patil|Patil]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2012 till: 25/07/2017 color:INC text:"[[Pranab Mukherjee|Mukherjee]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2017 till: 25/07/2022 color:BJP text:"[[Ram Nath Kovind|Kovind]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2022 till:end color:BJP text:"[[Droupadi Murmu|Murmu]]" fontsize:10 }} ==References== {{refbegin}} * {{cite web|url =http://www.presidentofindia.nic.in/former-presidents.htm|title = Former Presidents|publisher=President’s Secretariat|access-date = 29 November 2008}} * {{cite web |url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/presidents_1952.aspx |title =List of Presidents/Vice Presidents |publisher =Election Commission of India |access-date =29 November 2008 |archive-date =11 January 2012 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120111111610/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/presidents_1952.aspx |url-status =dead }} {{refend}} {{Reflist|30em}} ==Other websites== * [http://presidentofindia.nic.in/ Official website of the President of India] * [http://im.rediff.com/news/2007/jul/25kbk.gif Rediff.com – Presidents of India] * [http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/18/stories/2007071855791100.htm The Hindu – A presidential poll in the coalition age] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911192724/http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/18/stories/2007071855791100.htm |date=2007-09-11 }} * [http://www.zeenews.com/news383392.html Zee News: Former Presidents] * [http://india-gk.in/list-of-president-of-india/ India-Gk: List of President of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717085523/https://india-gk.in/list-of-president-of-india/ |date=2019-07-17 }} [[Category:Presidents of India|*]] [[Category:Lists of Indian politicians|Presidents]] [[Category:Lists of national presidents|India]] o2qu0kjjmj4a81jb8q7a7zemd7htp4w 10369142 10369141 2025-07-03T08:01:25Z 2409:40D4:2052:8203:8000:0:0:0 10369142 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''[[President of India]]''' is the [[head of state]] of the [[Republic of India]]. This is the list of individuals who were presidents of the republic. ==List of presidents of India== {{For|historical heads of state in the Indian Subcontinent|List of heads of state of India}} ===Company rule in India=== {{Main|Company rule in India}} ===British Raj=== {{Main|British Raj}} === Provisional Government to Indian independence === {{Main|Provisional Government of India}} [[File:Indian,German and Turkish delegates of Niedermayer Mission.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Mahendra Pratap (centre), President of the [[Provisional Government of India]], at the head of [[Niedermayer–Hentig Expedition|the Mission]] with the German and Turkish delegates in Kabul, 1915. Seated to his right is [[Werner Otto von Hentig]].]] On 1 December 1915 Pratap established the first [[Provisional Government of India]] at [[Kabul]] in Afghanistan as a [[government-in-exile]]<ref>{{Cite news|title = Looking back at the times|url = http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/seminar-at-the-aligarh-muslim-university-highlighted-the-contribution-of-its-alumni-including-that-of-raja-mahendra-pratap-in-indias-freedom-struggle/article6830815.ece|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 28 January 2015|access-date = 29 October 2015|issn = 0971-751X}}</ref> of Free Hindustan, with himself as President, [[Maulavi Barkatullah]] as Prime Minister, and Maulana [[Ubaidullah Sindhi]] as Home Minister, declaring [[jihad]] on the British.<ref>Contributions of Raja Mahendra Prata by [[Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman]], International Seminar on Raja Mahendra Pratap & Barkatullah Bhopali|[[Maulavi Barkatullah]], Barkatulla University, Bhopal, 1–3 December 2005.</ref> Anti-British forces supported his movement, but because of obvious loyalty to the British, the Amir kept on delaying the expedition to overthrow British rule in India.{{Citation needed|date= April 2020}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="98%" ! scope="col" |# ! scope="col" width="25%" |Name (birth–death) ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Photograph ! scope="col" |Elected ! scope="col" |Took office ! scope="col" |Left office ! scope="col" |Vice President ! colspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable" |Party |- ! colspan="9" |Provisional Government of India |- !1 |[[Mahendra Pratap]] | |— |1915 |1919 |[[Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah]] | | |- !2 |[[Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah]] | |— |1919 |1919 |[[Mahendra Pratap]] | | |} ===British Raj=== {{Main|British Raj}} ===Governor-General=== {{main|List of governors-general of India}} ===President of the Executive Council=== [[Purna Swaraj|Interim Government of India]] The '''Declaration of Purna Swaraj''' was a [[Resolution (law)|resolution]] which was passed in 1930 because of the dissatisfaction among the Indian masses regarding the British offer of [[Dominion|Dominion status]] to [[British Raj|India]]. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! # ! style="width:17em" |Name ! Portrait ! colspan="2" |Term of office ! style="width:8em" |Political party |- ! 1 | '''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]''' | | 1928 | 1941 | [[Indian National Congress]] |- |} ===Subhas Chandra Bose Provisional Government to Indian independence === The '''Provisional Government of Free India''' or, more simply, '''[[Azad Hind]]''',<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Rudolph |first=Lloyd I. |author2=Hoeber Rudolph, Susanne |title=Explaining Indian Democracy: The realm of institutions: state formation and institutional change |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]; Original from: [[University of California Press]] |year=2008 |page=58 |isbn=978-0-19-569365-2}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Ghose |first=Sankar |title=Political ideas and movements in India |publisher=Allied Publishers; Original from: [[University of Michigan Press]] |year=1975 |page=136 }}</ref> was a short-lived Japanese-controlled provisional government in India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Pant |first=H. V. |title=The Routledge Handbook of Indian Defence Policy: Themes, Structures and Doctrines |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-000-07435-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YbfjDwAAQBAJ |page=72}}</ref> It was established in [[Japanese occupation of Singapore|Japanese occupied Singapore]] during [[World War II]] in October 1943 and has been considered [[List of World War II puppet states|a puppet state]] of the [[Empire of Japan]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cribb |first1=R. |last2=Li |first2=N. |title=Imperial Japan and National Identities in Asia, 1895–1945 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-000-14401-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-pzyDwAAQBAJ |page=242|quote=Japanese postal authorities prepared stamps for use in the foreshadowed puppet state of Azad Hind}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Dunphy |first=J. J. |title=Unsung Heroes of the Dachau Trials: The Investigative Work of the U.S. Army 7708 War Crimes Group, 1945–1947 |publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-4766-3337-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6tt8DwAAQBAJ |page=116|quote=Imperial Japan in 1943 had established a puppet state known as the Provisional Government of Free India}}</ref><ref name="toye" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="98%" ! scope="col" |# ! scope="col" width="25%" |Name (birth–death) ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Photograph ! scope="col" |Elected ! scope="col" |Took office ! scope="col" |Left office ! scope="col" |Vice President ! colspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable" |Party |- ! colspan="9" |Provisional Government of India |- !1 |[[Subhas Chandra Bose]] | |— |1941 |1945 |[[Mohan Singh]] and [[Iwaichi Fujiwara]] founders of the [[First Indian National Army]] | | |} ===President of the Executive Council=== [[Interim Government of India]] The '''Interim Government of India''', also known as the '''Provisional Government of India''', formed on 1945<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/interim-government/1/463170.html|title=India's first government was formed today: All you need to know|access-date=2016-05-27|archive-date=2017-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225203558/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/interim-government/1/463170.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> from the newly elected [[Constituent Assembly of India]], had the task of assisting the transition of [[British Raj|British India]] to independence. It remained in place until 15 August 1947, the date of the independence (and [[Partition of India|partition]]) of British India, and the creation of the dominions of [[Dominion of India|India]] and [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]].<ref name="A">{{cite book|title=Constitutional history of India, including the nationalist movement|pages=200–10|author=Vidya Dhar Mahajan|author-link=Vidya Dhar Mahajan|publisher=S. Chand|year=1971}}</ref><ref name="B">{{cite web|title=Office of the Historian – Countries – India|url=https://history.state.gov/countries/india|publisher=[[U.S. State Department]]|access-date=2009-08-16}}</ref><ref name="C">{{cite book|title=History of Modern India, 1707 A. D. to 2000 A. D.|author=Radhey Shyam Chaurasia|pages=300–400|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors|year=2002|isbn=978-81-269-0085-5}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! # ! style="width:17em" |Name ! Portrait ! colspan="2" |Term of office ! style="width:8em" |Political party |- ! 1 | '''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]''' [[List of prime ministers of India|Vice-President of the Executive Council]]<br> [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|External Affairs & Commonwealth Relations]]<br> | | 1945 | 15 August<br>1947 | [[Indian National Congress]] |- |} ===Governor-General=== {{main|List of governors-general of India}} The Dominion of India remained "India" in common parlance but was geographically reduced by the lands that went to Pakistan, as a separate dominion. Under the Act, the King remained the monarch of India but the British government relinquished all responsibility for administering its former territories. The government also revoked its treaty rights with the rulers of the princely states and advised them to join in a political union with India or Pakistan. Accordingly, one of the British monarch's regnal titles, "[[Emperor of India]]," was abandoned. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !rowspan=2|# !rowspan=2|Governor-General<br>{{small|(Birth–Death)}} !rowspan=2|Portrait !colspan=2|Tenure !rowspan=2|Monarch !rowspan=2|[[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] |- !Took office !Left office |- ! 1 ! [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|The Rt. Hon. The Earl Mountbatten of Burma]]<br>{{small|(1900–1979)}} | [[File:Lord Mountbatten 4 Allan Warren.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|15 August}} 1947 | {{nowrap|21 June}} 1948 | rowspan=2 |George VI | rowspan=2 |[[Jawaharlal Nehru|Nehru]] |- ! 2 ! [[C. Rajagopalachari|Chakravarti Rajagopalachari]]<br>{{small|(1878–1972)}} | [[File:C Rajagopalachari Feb 17 2011.JPG|60px]] | {{nowrap|21 June}} 1948 | {{nowrap|26 January}} 1950 |- |} ===President of India (1950–present)=== {{legend|{{party color|Independent politician}}" | President was an Independent candidate (4)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |President was a candidate of [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) (8)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |President was a candidate of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) (2)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Janata Party}}" |President was a candidate of the [[Janata Party]] (JP) (1)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} ;Key <sup>{{Dagger|alt=Died in office}}</sup>-Died in office<br /><sup>[[File:Invertedcross1.jpg|5px|alt=Did not complete assigned term]]</sup>-Resigned<br /> {|class="wikitable sortable" id="pm list" style="width:100%; text-align:center" |- ! rowspan="2" |# ! rowspan="2" |President<br>{{small|(birth–death)}} ! rowspan="2" |Portrait ! colspan="2" |Tenure ! rowspan="2" |Elected ! rowspan="2" |Political party ! rowspan="2" |[[List of vice presidents of India|Vice president]] |- !Took office !Left office |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 1 ! [[Rajendra Prasad]]<br>{{small|(1884–1963)}} | [[File:Rajendra Prasad (Indian President), signed image for Walter Nash (NZ Prime Minister), 1958 (16017609534).jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|26 January}} 1950 | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1962 |[[1950 Indian presidential election|1950]]<br>[[1952 Indian presidential election|1952]]<br>[[1955 Indian presidential election|1955]] <br>[[1957 Indian presidential election|1957]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan |- ! 2 ! [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan|Sir Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]<br>{{small|(1888–1975)}} | [[File:Photograph of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan presented to First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy in 1962.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1962 | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1967 | [[1962 Indian presidential election|1962]] <br>[[1965 Indian presidential election|1965]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]] |- ! 3 ! [[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]]<br>{{small|(1897–1969)}} | [[File:President Zakir Husain 1998 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1967 | {{nowrap|3 May}} 1969<br>{{small|(''died in office.'')}} | [[1967 Indian presidential election|1967]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] | rowspan="3" |[[V. V. Giri]] |- ! 4 ! [[V. V. Giri]]<br>{{small|(1894–1980)}} | [[File:10) V.V GIRI AUTOGRAPHED PENCIL SKETCH.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|3 May }} 1969 | {{nowrap|20 July}} 1969 | [[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |- ! 5 !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} | [[File:Justice M. Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|20 July}} 1969 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1969 |[[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |- ! (4) ! [[V. V. Giri]]<br>{{small|(1894–1980)}} | [[File:V.V.Giri.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1969 | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 | [[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Gopal Swarup Pathak]] |- !– ![[Gopal Swarup Pathak]]<br>(1896–1982) | |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak |- !(4) ![[V. V. Giri]] {{small|(1894–1980)}} |[[File:10) V.V GIRI AUTOGRAPHED PENCIL SKETCH.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1974 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 6 ! [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]]<br>{{small|(1905–1977)}} | [[File:Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed 1977 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1974 | {{nowrap|11 February}} 1977<br>{{small|(''died in office.'')}} | [[1974 Indian presidential election|1974]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak B. D. Jatti |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 7 ![[B. D. Jatti]]<br>{{small|(1912–2002)}} | [[File:B.D Jatti (enhanced).jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|11 February}} 1977 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1977<br> |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |B. D. Jatti |- !style="background:#1F75FE;" |&nbsp; 8 ![[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]<br>{{small|(1913–1996)}} | [[File:NeelamSanjeevaReddy.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1977 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1982 | [[1977 Indian presidential election|1977]] | [[Janata Party]] |B. D. Jatti Mohammad Hidayatullah |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;9 ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1982 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |[[1982 Indian presidential election|1982]] |[[Indian National Congress]] | rowspan="4" |Mohammad Hidayatullah |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (5) !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} |[[File:Justice_M._Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (9) ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (5) !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} |[[File:Justice_M._Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- br > Gandhi !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (9) ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1987 |<br>[[1984 Indian presidential election|1984]] |[[Indian National Congress]] |Ramaswamy Venkataraman |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 10 ! [[R. Venkataraman]]<br>{{small|(1910–2009)}} | [[File:R Venkataraman.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1987 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1992 | [[1987 Indian presidential election|1987]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Shankar Dayal Sharma |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 11 ![[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]<br>{{small|(1918–1999)}} | [[File:Shankar Dayal Sharma 36.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1992 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1997 | [[1992 Indian presidential election|1992]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |K. R. Narayanan |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 12 ! [[K. R. Narayanan]]<br>{{small|(1920–2005)}} | [[File:K. R. Narayanan.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1997 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 | [[1997 Indian presidential election|1997]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |[[Krishan Kant]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– !'''[[Krishan Kant]]''' <small>(1927–2002)</small> | |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Krishan Kant |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(12) ![[K. R. Narayanan]] {{small|(1920–2005)}} |[[File:K. R. Narayanan.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2002 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Krishan Kant |- ! 13 ! [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]<br>{{small|(1931–2015)}} | [[File:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam in 2008.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2002 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 | [[2002 Indian presidential election|2002]] |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Krishan Kant [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !– !'''[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]''' <small>(1923–2010)</small> | |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !(13) ![[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] {{small|(1931–2015)}} |[[File:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam in 2008.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2007 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 14 ! [[Pratibha Patil]]<br>{{small|(1934–)}} | [[File:PratibhaIndia.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2007 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2010 | [[2007 Indian presidential election|2007]] | [[Indian National Congress]] | rowspan="4" |[[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– ![[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]<small>(1937–)</small> | |25 July 2010 |25 July 2010 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(14) ![[Pratibha Patil]] {{small|(1934–)}} |[[File:PratibhaIndia.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2010 |25 July 2012 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |- ! style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 15 ![[Pranab Mukherjee]]<br>{{small|(1935–2020)}} | [[File:Pranab Mukherjee Portrait.jpg|60px]] | 25 July 2012 | 25 July 2016 | [[2012 Indian presidential election|2012]] |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– ![[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]<small>(1937–)</small> | |25 July 2016 |25 July 2016 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(15) ![[Pranab Mukherjee]] {{small|(1935–2020)}} | [[File:Pranab Mukherjee Portrait.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2016 |25 July 2017 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; 16 ! [[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br>{{small|(1945–)}} | [[File:Ram Nath Kovind official portrait.jpg|60px]] | 25 July 2017 | 25 July 2018 | [[2017 Indian presidential election|2017]] | [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari [[Venkaiah Naidu]] |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; _ !'''[[Venkaiah Naidu|M. Venkaiah Naidu]]''' <small>(1949–)</small> | |25 July 2018 |25 July 2018 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Venkaiah Naidu |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; (16) ![[Ram Nath Kovind]] {{small|(1945–)}} |[[File:Ram Nath Kovind official portrait.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2018 |25 July 2022 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Venkaiah Naidu]] |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;17 ! [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br>{{small|(1958-)}} |[[File:Droupadi Murmu June 2022.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2022 |11 August 2022 |[[2022 Indian presidential election|2022]] |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Venkaiah Naidu [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;– !'''[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]''' <small>(1951–)</small> | |11 August 2022 |11 August 2022 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;17 ! [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br>{{small|(1958-)}} |[[File:Droupadi Murmu June 2022.jpg|60px]] |11 August 2022 |25 July 2025 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- !18 ! [[Narendra Modi]] | |25 July 2025 |Incumbent | | | |- !19 ![[Javed Khans]] | |25 July 2025 |''Incumbent'' | | | |- |} ==Timeline== ;Timeline {{#tag:timeline| ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:20 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:50 right:130 left:20 AlignBars = late Colors = id:INC value:rgb(0.435,0.85,0.866) legend:INC id:JP value:blue legend:JP id:BJP value:orange legend:BJP id:idp value:gray(0.8) legend:Independent id:gray1 value:gray(0.8) Define $today = {{#time:d/m/Y}} DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1950 till:$today TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:10 start:1950 Legend = columns:4 left:150 top:24 columnwidth:100 TextData = pos:(20,27) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"Political Party:" BarData = barset:PREZ PlotData= width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:PREZ from: 26/01/1950 till: 13/05/1962 color:INC text:"[[Rajendra Prasad|Prasad]]" fontsize:10 from: 13/05/1962 till: 13/05/1967 color:idp text:"[[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan|Radhakrishnan]]" fontsize:10 from: 13/05/1967 till: 03/05/1969 color:idp text:"[[Zakir Husain (politician)|Husain]]" fontsize:10 from: 03/05/1969 till: 20/07/1969 color:idp text:"[[Varahagiri Venkata Giri|Giri]] (acting)" fontsize:10 from: 20/07/1969 till: 24/08/1969 color:idp text:"[[Mohammad Hidayatullah|Hidayatullah]] (acting)" fontsize:10 from: 24/08/1969 till: 24/08/1974 color:idp text:"[[Varahagiri Venkata Giri|Giri]]" fontsize:10 from: 24/08/1974 till: 11/02/1977 color:INC text:"[[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed|Ahmed]]" fontsize:10 from: 11/02/1977 till: 25/07/1977 color:INC text:"[[Basappa Danappa Jatti|Jatti]] (acting)" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1977 till: 25/07/1982 color:JP text:"[[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy|Reddy]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1982 till: 25/07/1987 color:INC text:"[[Zail Singh|Singh]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1987 till: 25/07/1992 color:INC text:"[[Ramaswamy Venkataraman|Venkataraman]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1992 till: 25/07/1997 color:INC text:"[[Shankar Dayal Sharma|Sharma]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1997 till: 25/07/2002 color:INC text:"[[Kocheril Raman Narayanan|Narayanan]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2002 till: 25/07/2007 color:idp text:"[[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|Kalam]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2007 till: 25/07/2012 color:INC text:"[[Pratibha Patil|Patil]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2012 till: 25/07/2017 color:INC text:"[[Pranab Mukherjee|Mukherjee]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2017 till: 25/07/2022 color:BJP text:"[[Ram Nath Kovind|Kovind]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2022 till:end color:BJP text:"[[Droupadi Murmu|Murmu]]" fontsize:10 }} ==References== {{refbegin}} * {{cite web|url =http://www.presidentofindia.nic.in/former-presidents.htm|title = Former Presidents|publisher=President’s Secretariat|access-date = 29 November 2008}} * {{cite web |url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/presidents_1952.aspx |title =List of Presidents/Vice Presidents |publisher =Election Commission of India |access-date =29 November 2008 |archive-date =11 January 2012 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120111111610/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/presidents_1952.aspx |url-status =dead }} {{refend}} {{Reflist|30em}} ==Other websites== * [http://presidentofindia.nic.in/ Official website of the President of India] * [http://im.rediff.com/news/2007/jul/25kbk.gif Rediff.com – Presidents of India] * [http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/18/stories/2007071855791100.htm The Hindu – A presidential poll in the coalition age] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911192724/http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/18/stories/2007071855791100.htm |date=2007-09-11 }} * [http://www.zeenews.com/news383392.html Zee News: Former Presidents] * [http://india-gk.in/list-of-president-of-india/ India-Gk: List of President of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717085523/https://india-gk.in/list-of-president-of-india/ |date=2019-07-17 }} [[Category:Presidents of India|*]] [[Category:Lists of Indian politicians|Presidents]] [[Category:Lists of national presidents|India]] 9gl9r16b7mvo18l39d0arc2ira0wpcm 10369148 10369142 2025-07-03T08:04:15Z 2409:40D4:2052:8203:8000:0:0:0 10369148 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''[[President of India]]''' is the [[head of state]] of the [[Republic of India]]. This is the list of individuals who were presidents of the republic. ==List of presidents of India== {{For|historical heads of state in the Indian Subcontinent|List of heads of state of India}} ===Company rule in India=== {{Main|Company rule in India}} ===British Raj=== {{Main|British Raj}} === Provisional Government to Indian independence === {{Main|Provisional Government of India}} [[File:Indian,German and Turkish delegates of Niedermayer Mission.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Mahendra Pratap (centre), President of the [[Provisional Government of India]], at the head of [[Niedermayer–Hentig Expedition|the Mission]] with the German and Turkish delegates in Kabul, 1915. Seated to his right is [[Werner Otto von Hentig]].]] On 1 December 1915 Pratap established the first [[Provisional Government of India]] at [[Kabul]] in Afghanistan as a [[government-in-exile]]<ref>{{Cite news|title = Looking back at the times|url = http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/seminar-at-the-aligarh-muslim-university-highlighted-the-contribution-of-its-alumni-including-that-of-raja-mahendra-pratap-in-indias-freedom-struggle/article6830815.ece|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 28 January 2015|access-date = 29 October 2015|issn = 0971-751X}}</ref> of Free Hindustan, with himself as President, [[Maulavi Barkatullah]] as Prime Minister, and Maulana [[Ubaidullah Sindhi]] as Home Minister, declaring [[jihad]] on the British.<ref>Contributions of Raja Mahendra Prata by [[Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman]], International Seminar on Raja Mahendra Pratap & Barkatullah Bhopali|[[Maulavi Barkatullah]], Barkatulla University, Bhopal, 1–3 December 2005.</ref> Anti-British forces supported his movement, but because of obvious loyalty to the British, the Amir kept on delaying the expedition to overthrow British rule in India.{{Citation needed|date= April 2020}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="98%" ! scope="col" |# ! scope="col" width="25%" |Name (birth–death) ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Photograph ! scope="col" |Elected ! scope="col" |Took office ! scope="col" |Left office ! scope="col" |Vice President ! colspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable" |Party |- ! colspan="9" |Provisional Government of India |- !1 |[[Mahendra Pratap]] | |— |1915 |1919 |[[Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah]] | | |- !2 |[[Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah]] | |— |1919 |1919 |[[Mahendra Pratap]] | | |} ===British Raj=== {{Main|British Raj}} ===Governor-General=== {{main|List of governors-general of India}} ===President of the Executive Council=== [[Purna Swaraj|Interim Government of India]] The '''Declaration of Purna Swaraj''' was a [[Resolution (law)|resolution]] which was passed in 1930 because of the dissatisfaction among the Indian masses regarding the British offer of [[Dominion|Dominion status]] to [[British Raj|India]]. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! # ! style="width:17em" |Name ! Portrait ! colspan="2" |Term of office ! style="width:8em" |Political party |- ! 1 | '''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]''' | | 1928 | 1941 | [[Indian National Congress]] |- |} ===Subhas Chandra Bose Provisional Government to Indian independence === The '''Provisional Government of Free India''' or, more simply, '''[[Azad Hind]]''',<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Rudolph |first=Lloyd I. |author2=Hoeber Rudolph, Susanne |title=Explaining Indian Democracy: The realm of institutions: state formation and institutional change |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]; Original from: [[University of California Press]] |year=2008 |page=58 |isbn=978-0-19-569365-2}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Ghose |first=Sankar |title=Political ideas and movements in India |publisher=Allied Publishers; Original from: [[University of Michigan Press]] |year=1975 |page=136 }}</ref> was a short-lived Japanese-controlled provisional government in India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Pant |first=H. V. |title=The Routledge Handbook of Indian Defence Policy: Themes, Structures and Doctrines |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-000-07435-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YbfjDwAAQBAJ |page=72}}</ref> It was established in [[Japanese occupation of Singapore|Japanese occupied Singapore]] during [[World War II]] in October 1943 and has been considered [[List of World War II puppet states|a puppet state]] of the [[Empire of Japan]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cribb |first1=R. |last2=Li |first2=N. |title=Imperial Japan and National Identities in Asia, 1895–1945 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-000-14401-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-pzyDwAAQBAJ |page=242|quote=Japanese postal authorities prepared stamps for use in the foreshadowed puppet state of Azad Hind}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Dunphy |first=J. J. |title=Unsung Heroes of the Dachau Trials: The Investigative Work of the U.S. Army 7708 War Crimes Group, 1945–1947 |publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-4766-3337-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6tt8DwAAQBAJ |page=116|quote=Imperial Japan in 1943 had established a puppet state known as the Provisional Government of Free India}}</ref><ref name="toye" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="98%" ! scope="col" |# ! scope="col" width="25%" |Name (birth–death) ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Photograph ! scope="col" |Elected ! scope="col" |Took office ! scope="col" |Left office ! scope="col" |Vice President ! colspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable" |Party |- ! colspan="9" |Provisional Government of India |- !1 |[[Subhas Chandra Bose]] | |— |1941 |1945 |[[Mohan Singh]] and [[Iwaichi Fujiwara]] founders of the [[First Indian National Army]] | | |} ===President of the Executive Council=== [[Interim Government of India]] The '''Interim Government of India''', also known as the '''Provisional Government of India''', formed on 1945<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/interim-government/1/463170.html|title=India's first government was formed today: All you need to know|access-date=2016-05-27|archive-date=2017-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225203558/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/interim-government/1/463170.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> from the newly elected [[Constituent Assembly of India]], had the task of assisting the transition of [[British Raj|British India]] to independence. It remained in place until 15 August 1947, the date of the independence (and [[Partition of India|partition]]) of British India, and the creation of the dominions of [[Dominion of India|India]] and [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]].<ref name="A">{{cite book|title=Constitutional history of India, including the nationalist movement|pages=200–10|author=Vidya Dhar Mahajan|author-link=Vidya Dhar Mahajan|publisher=S. Chand|year=1971}}</ref><ref name="B">{{cite web|title=Office of the Historian – Countries – India|url=https://history.state.gov/countries/india|publisher=[[U.S. State Department]]|access-date=2009-08-16}}</ref><ref name="C">{{cite book|title=History of Modern India, 1707 A. D. to 2000 A. D.|author=Radhey Shyam Chaurasia|pages=300–400|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors|year=2002|isbn=978-81-269-0085-5}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! # ! style="width:17em" |Name ! Portrait ! colspan="2" |Term of office ! style="width:8em" |Political party |- ! 1 | '''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]''' [[List of prime ministers of India|Vice-President of the Executive Council]]<br> [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|External Affairs & Commonwealth Relations]]<br> | | 1945 | 15 August<br>1947 | [[Indian National Congress]] |- |} ===Governor-General=== {{main|List of governors-general of India}} The Dominion of India remained "India" in common parlance but was geographically reduced by the lands that went to Pakistan, as a separate dominion. Under the Act, the King remained the monarch of India but the British government relinquished all responsibility for administering its former territories. The government also revoked its treaty rights with the rulers of the princely states and advised them to join in a political union with India or Pakistan. Accordingly, one of the British monarch's regnal titles, "[[Emperor of India]]," was abandoned. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !rowspan=2|# !rowspan=2|Governor-General<br>{{small|(Birth–Death)}} !rowspan=2|Portrait !colspan=2|Tenure !rowspan=2|Monarch !rowspan=2|[[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] |- !Took office !Left office |- ! 1 ! [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|The Rt. Hon. The Earl Mountbatten of Burma]]<br>{{small|(1900–1979)}} | [[File:Lord Mountbatten 4 Allan Warren.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|15 August}} 1947 | {{nowrap|21 June}} 1948 | rowspan=2 |George VI | rowspan=2 |[[Jawaharlal Nehru|Nehru]] |- ! 2 ! [[C. Rajagopalachari|Chakravarti Rajagopalachari]]<br>{{small|(1878–1972)}} | [[File:C Rajagopalachari Feb 17 2011.JPG|60px]] | {{nowrap|21 June}} 1948 | {{nowrap|26 January}} 1950 |- |} ===President of India (1950–present)=== {{legend|{{party color|Independent politician}}" | President was an Independent candidate (4)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |President was a candidate of [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) (8)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |President was a candidate of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) (2)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Janata Party}}" |President was a candidate of the [[Janata Party]] (JP) (1)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} ;Key <sup>{{Dagger|alt=Died in office}}</sup>-Died in office<br /><sup>[[File:Invertedcross1.jpg|5px|alt=Did not complete assigned term]]</sup>-Resigned<br /> {|class="wikitable sortable" id="pm list" style="width:100%; text-align:center" |- ! rowspan="2" |# ! rowspan="2" |President<br>{{small|(birth–death)}} ! rowspan="2" |Portrait ! colspan="2" |Tenure ! rowspan="2" |Elected ! rowspan="2" |Political party ! rowspan="2" |[[List of vice presidents of India|Vice president]] |- !Took office !Left office |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 1 ! [[Rajendra Prasad]]<br>{{small|(1884–1963)}} | [[File:Rajendra Prasad (Indian President), signed image for Walter Nash (NZ Prime Minister), 1958 (16017609534).jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|26 January}} 1950 | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1962 |[[1950 Indian presidential election|1950]]<br>[[1952 Indian presidential election|1952]]<br>[[1955 Indian presidential election|1955]] <br>[[1957 Indian presidential election|1957]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan |- ! 2 ! [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan|Sir Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]<br>{{small|(1888–1975)}} | [[File:Photograph of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan presented to First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy in 1962.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1962 | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1967 | [[1962 Indian presidential election|1962]] <br>[[1965 Indian presidential election|1965]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]] |- ! 3 ! [[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]]<br>{{small|(1897–1969)}} | [[File:President Zakir Husain 1998 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1967 | {{nowrap|3 May}} 1969<br>{{small|(''died in office.'')}} | [[1967 Indian presidential election|1967]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] | rowspan="3" |[[V. V. Giri]] |- ! 4 ! [[V. V. Giri]]<br>{{small|(1894–1980)}} | [[File:10) V.V GIRI AUTOGRAPHED PENCIL SKETCH.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|3 May }} 1969 | {{nowrap|20 July}} 1969 | [[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |- ! 5 !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} | [[File:Justice M. Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|20 July}} 1969 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1969 |[[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |- ! (4) ! [[V. V. Giri]]<br>{{small|(1894–1980)}} | [[File:V.V.Giri.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1969 | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 | [[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Gopal Swarup Pathak]] |- !– ![[Gopal Swarup Pathak]]<br>(1896–1982) | |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak |- !(4) ![[V. V. Giri]] {{small|(1894–1980)}} |[[File:10) V.V GIRI AUTOGRAPHED PENCIL SKETCH.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1974 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 6 ! [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]]<br>{{small|(1905–1977)}} | [[File:Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed 1977 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1974 | {{nowrap|11 February}} 1977<br>{{small|(''died in office.'')}} | [[1974 Indian presidential election|1974]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak B. D. Jatti |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 7 ![[B. D. Jatti]]<br>{{small|(1912–2002)}} | [[File:B.D Jatti (enhanced).jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|11 February}} 1977 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1977<br> |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |B. D. Jatti |- !style="background:#1F75FE;" |&nbsp; 8 ![[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]<br>{{small|(1913–1996)}} | [[File:NeelamSanjeevaReddy.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1977 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1982 | [[1977 Indian presidential election|1977]] | [[Janata Party]] |B. D. Jatti Mohammad Hidayatullah |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;9 ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1982 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |[[1982 Indian presidential election|1982]] |[[Indian National Congress]] | rowspan="4" |Mohammad Hidayatullah |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (5) !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} |[[File:Justice_M._Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (9) ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (5) !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} |[[File:Justice_M._Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- br > Gandhi !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (9) ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1987 |<br>[[1984 Indian presidential election|1984]] |[[Indian National Congress]] |Ramaswamy Venkataraman |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 10 ! [[R. Venkataraman]]<br>{{small|(1910–2009)}} | [[File:R Venkataraman.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1987 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1992 | [[1987 Indian presidential election|1987]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Shankar Dayal Sharma |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 11 ![[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]<br>{{small|(1918–1999)}} | [[File:Shankar Dayal Sharma 36.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1992 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1997 | [[1992 Indian presidential election|1992]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |K. R. Narayanan |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 12 ! [[K. R. Narayanan]]<br>{{small|(1920–2005)}} | [[File:K. R. Narayanan.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1997 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 | [[1997 Indian presidential election|1997]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |[[Krishan Kant]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– !'''[[Krishan Kant]]''' <small>(1927–2002)</small> | |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Krishan Kant |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(12) ![[K. R. Narayanan]] {{small|(1920–2005)}} |[[File:K. R. Narayanan.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2002 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Krishan Kant |- ! 13 ! [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]<br>{{small|(1931–2015)}} | [[File:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam in 2008.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2002 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 | [[2002 Indian presidential election|2002]] |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Krishan Kant [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !– !'''[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]''' <small>(1923–2010)</small> | |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !(13) ![[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] {{small|(1931–2015)}} |[[File:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam in 2008.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2007 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 14 ! [[Pratibha Patil]]<br>{{small|(1934–)}} | [[File:PratibhaIndia.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2007 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2010 | [[2007 Indian presidential election|2007]] | [[Indian National Congress]] | rowspan="4" |[[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– ![[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]<small>(1937–)</small> | |25 July 2010 |25 July 2010 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(14) ![[Pratibha Patil]] {{small|(1934–)}} |[[File:PratibhaIndia.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2010 |25 July 2012 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |- ! style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 15 ![[Pranab Mukherjee]]<br>{{small|(1935–2020)}} | [[File:Pranab Mukherjee Portrait.jpg|60px]] | 25 July 2012 | 25 July 2016 | [[2012 Indian presidential election|2012]] |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– ![[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]<small>(1937–)</small> | |25 July 2016 |25 July 2016 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(15) ![[Pranab Mukherjee]] {{small|(1935–2020)}} | [[File:Pranab Mukherjee Portrait.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2016 |25 July 2017 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; 16 ! [[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br>{{small|(1945–)}} | [[File:Ram Nath Kovind official portrait.jpg|60px]] | 25 July 2017 | 25 July 2018 | [[2017 Indian presidential election|2017]] | [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari [[Venkaiah Naidu]] |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; _ !'''[[Venkaiah Naidu|M. Venkaiah Naidu]]''' <small>(1949–)</small> | |25 July 2018 |25 July 2018 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Venkaiah Naidu |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; (16) ![[Ram Nath Kovind]] {{small|(1945–)}} |[[File:Ram Nath Kovind official portrait.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2018 |25 July 2022 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Venkaiah Naidu]] |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;17 ! [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br>{{small|(1958-)}} |[[File:Droupadi Murmu June 2022.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2022 |11 August 2022 |[[2022 Indian presidential election|2022]] |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Venkaiah Naidu [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;– !'''[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]''' <small>(1951–)</small> | |11 August 2022 |11 August 2022 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;17 ! [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br>{{small|(1958-)}} |[[File:Droupadi Murmu June 2022.jpg|60px]] |11 August 2022 |25 July 2025 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- !18 ! [[Narendra Modi]] | |25 July 2025 |Incumbent |— |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- !19 ![[Javed Khans]] | |25 July 2025 |''Incumbent'' | |Ine |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- |} ==Timeline== ;Timeline {{#tag:timeline| ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:20 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:50 right:130 left:20 AlignBars = late Colors = id:INC value:rgb(0.435,0.85,0.866) legend:INC id:JP value:blue legend:JP id:BJP value:orange legend:BJP id:idp value:gray(0.8) legend:Independent id:gray1 value:gray(0.8) Define $today = {{#time:d/m/Y}} DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1950 till:$today TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:10 start:1950 Legend = columns:4 left:150 top:24 columnwidth:100 TextData = pos:(20,27) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"Political Party:" BarData = barset:PREZ PlotData= width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:PREZ from: 26/01/1950 till: 13/05/1962 color:INC text:"[[Rajendra Prasad|Prasad]]" fontsize:10 from: 13/05/1962 till: 13/05/1967 color:idp text:"[[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan|Radhakrishnan]]" fontsize:10 from: 13/05/1967 till: 03/05/1969 color:idp text:"[[Zakir Husain (politician)|Husain]]" fontsize:10 from: 03/05/1969 till: 20/07/1969 color:idp text:"[[Varahagiri Venkata Giri|Giri]] (acting)" fontsize:10 from: 20/07/1969 till: 24/08/1969 color:idp text:"[[Mohammad Hidayatullah|Hidayatullah]] (acting)" fontsize:10 from: 24/08/1969 till: 24/08/1974 color:idp text:"[[Varahagiri Venkata Giri|Giri]]" fontsize:10 from: 24/08/1974 till: 11/02/1977 color:INC text:"[[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed|Ahmed]]" fontsize:10 from: 11/02/1977 till: 25/07/1977 color:INC text:"[[Basappa Danappa Jatti|Jatti]] (acting)" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1977 till: 25/07/1982 color:JP text:"[[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy|Reddy]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1982 till: 25/07/1987 color:INC text:"[[Zail Singh|Singh]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1987 till: 25/07/1992 color:INC text:"[[Ramaswamy Venkataraman|Venkataraman]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1992 till: 25/07/1997 color:INC text:"[[Shankar Dayal Sharma|Sharma]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1997 till: 25/07/2002 color:INC text:"[[Kocheril Raman Narayanan|Narayanan]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2002 till: 25/07/2007 color:idp text:"[[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|Kalam]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2007 till: 25/07/2012 color:INC text:"[[Pratibha Patil|Patil]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2012 till: 25/07/2017 color:INC text:"[[Pranab Mukherjee|Mukherjee]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2017 till: 25/07/2022 color:BJP text:"[[Ram Nath Kovind|Kovind]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2022 till:end color:BJP text:"[[Droupadi Murmu|Murmu]]" fontsize:10 }} ==References== {{refbegin}} * {{cite web|url =http://www.presidentofindia.nic.in/former-presidents.htm|title = Former Presidents|publisher=President’s Secretariat|access-date = 29 November 2008}} * {{cite web |url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/presidents_1952.aspx |title =List of Presidents/Vice Presidents |publisher =Election Commission of India |access-date =29 November 2008 |archive-date =11 January 2012 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120111111610/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/presidents_1952.aspx |url-status =dead }} {{refend}} {{Reflist|30em}} ==Other websites== * [http://presidentofindia.nic.in/ Official website of the President of India] * [http://im.rediff.com/news/2007/jul/25kbk.gif Rediff.com – Presidents of India] * [http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/18/stories/2007071855791100.htm The Hindu – A presidential poll in the coalition age] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911192724/http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/18/stories/2007071855791100.htm |date=2007-09-11 }} * [http://www.zeenews.com/news383392.html Zee News: Former Presidents] * [http://india-gk.in/list-of-president-of-india/ India-Gk: List of President of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717085523/https://india-gk.in/list-of-president-of-india/ |date=2019-07-17 }} [[Category:Presidents of India|*]] [[Category:Lists of Indian politicians|Presidents]] [[Category:Lists of national presidents|India]] mrq1z2aio0j107c69l3opmnq7lc2gy5 10369154 10369148 2025-07-03T08:06:14Z 2409:40D4:2052:8203:8000:0:0:0 /* President of India (1950–present) */ 10369154 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''[[President of India]]''' is the [[head of state]] of the [[Republic of India]]. This is the list of individuals who were presidents of the republic. ==List of presidents of India== {{For|historical heads of state in the Indian Subcontinent|List of heads of state of India}} ===Company rule in India=== {{Main|Company rule in India}} ===British Raj=== {{Main|British Raj}} === Provisional Government to Indian independence === {{Main|Provisional Government of India}} [[File:Indian,German and Turkish delegates of Niedermayer Mission.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Mahendra Pratap (centre), President of the [[Provisional Government of India]], at the head of [[Niedermayer–Hentig Expedition|the Mission]] with the German and Turkish delegates in Kabul, 1915. Seated to his right is [[Werner Otto von Hentig]].]] On 1 December 1915 Pratap established the first [[Provisional Government of India]] at [[Kabul]] in Afghanistan as a [[government-in-exile]]<ref>{{Cite news|title = Looking back at the times|url = http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/seminar-at-the-aligarh-muslim-university-highlighted-the-contribution-of-its-alumni-including-that-of-raja-mahendra-pratap-in-indias-freedom-struggle/article6830815.ece|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 28 January 2015|access-date = 29 October 2015|issn = 0971-751X}}</ref> of Free Hindustan, with himself as President, [[Maulavi Barkatullah]] as Prime Minister, and Maulana [[Ubaidullah Sindhi]] as Home Minister, declaring [[jihad]] on the British.<ref>Contributions of Raja Mahendra Prata by [[Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman]], International Seminar on Raja Mahendra Pratap & Barkatullah Bhopali|[[Maulavi Barkatullah]], Barkatulla University, Bhopal, 1–3 December 2005.</ref> Anti-British forces supported his movement, but because of obvious loyalty to the British, the Amir kept on delaying the expedition to overthrow British rule in India.{{Citation needed|date= April 2020}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="98%" ! scope="col" |# ! scope="col" width="25%" |Name (birth–death) ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Photograph ! scope="col" |Elected ! scope="col" |Took office ! scope="col" |Left office ! scope="col" |Vice President ! colspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable" |Party |- ! colspan="9" |Provisional Government of India |- !1 |[[Mahendra Pratap]] | |— |1915 |1919 |[[Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah]] | | |- !2 |[[Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah]] | |— |1919 |1919 |[[Mahendra Pratap]] | | |} ===British Raj=== {{Main|British Raj}} ===Governor-General=== {{main|List of governors-general of India}} ===President of the Executive Council=== [[Purna Swaraj|Interim Government of India]] The '''Declaration of Purna Swaraj''' was a [[Resolution (law)|resolution]] which was passed in 1930 because of the dissatisfaction among the Indian masses regarding the British offer of [[Dominion|Dominion status]] to [[British Raj|India]]. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! # ! style="width:17em" |Name ! Portrait ! colspan="2" |Term of office ! style="width:8em" |Political party |- ! 1 | '''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]''' | | 1928 | 1941 | [[Indian National Congress]] |- |} ===Subhas Chandra Bose Provisional Government to Indian independence === The '''Provisional Government of Free India''' or, more simply, '''[[Azad Hind]]''',<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Rudolph |first=Lloyd I. |author2=Hoeber Rudolph, Susanne |title=Explaining Indian Democracy: The realm of institutions: state formation and institutional change |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]; Original from: [[University of California Press]] |year=2008 |page=58 |isbn=978-0-19-569365-2}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Ghose |first=Sankar |title=Political ideas and movements in India |publisher=Allied Publishers; Original from: [[University of Michigan Press]] |year=1975 |page=136 }}</ref> was a short-lived Japanese-controlled provisional government in India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Pant |first=H. V. |title=The Routledge Handbook of Indian Defence Policy: Themes, Structures and Doctrines |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-000-07435-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YbfjDwAAQBAJ |page=72}}</ref> It was established in [[Japanese occupation of Singapore|Japanese occupied Singapore]] during [[World War II]] in October 1943 and has been considered [[List of World War II puppet states|a puppet state]] of the [[Empire of Japan]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cribb |first1=R. |last2=Li |first2=N. |title=Imperial Japan and National Identities in Asia, 1895–1945 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-000-14401-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-pzyDwAAQBAJ |page=242|quote=Japanese postal authorities prepared stamps for use in the foreshadowed puppet state of Azad Hind}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Dunphy |first=J. J. |title=Unsung Heroes of the Dachau Trials: The Investigative Work of the U.S. Army 7708 War Crimes Group, 1945–1947 |publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-4766-3337-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6tt8DwAAQBAJ |page=116|quote=Imperial Japan in 1943 had established a puppet state known as the Provisional Government of Free India}}</ref><ref name="toye" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="98%" ! scope="col" |# ! scope="col" width="25%" |Name (birth–death) ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Photograph ! scope="col" |Elected ! scope="col" |Took office ! scope="col" |Left office ! scope="col" |Vice President ! colspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable" |Party |- ! colspan="9" |Provisional Government of India |- !1 |[[Subhas Chandra Bose]] | |— |1941 |1945 |[[Mohan Singh]] and [[Iwaichi Fujiwara]] founders of the [[First Indian National Army]] | | |} ===President of the Executive Council=== [[Interim Government of India]] The '''Interim Government of India''', also known as the '''Provisional Government of India''', formed on 1945<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/interim-government/1/463170.html|title=India's first government was formed today: All you need to know|access-date=2016-05-27|archive-date=2017-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225203558/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/interim-government/1/463170.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> from the newly elected [[Constituent Assembly of India]], had the task of assisting the transition of [[British Raj|British India]] to independence. It remained in place until 15 August 1947, the date of the independence (and [[Partition of India|partition]]) of British India, and the creation of the dominions of [[Dominion of India|India]] and [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]].<ref name="A">{{cite book|title=Constitutional history of India, including the nationalist movement|pages=200–10|author=Vidya Dhar Mahajan|author-link=Vidya Dhar Mahajan|publisher=S. Chand|year=1971}}</ref><ref name="B">{{cite web|title=Office of the Historian – Countries – India|url=https://history.state.gov/countries/india|publisher=[[U.S. State Department]]|access-date=2009-08-16}}</ref><ref name="C">{{cite book|title=History of Modern India, 1707 A. D. to 2000 A. D.|author=Radhey Shyam Chaurasia|pages=300–400|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors|year=2002|isbn=978-81-269-0085-5}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! # ! style="width:17em" |Name ! Portrait ! colspan="2" |Term of office ! style="width:8em" |Political party |- ! 1 | '''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]''' [[List of prime ministers of India|Vice-President of the Executive Council]]<br> [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|External Affairs & Commonwealth Relations]]<br> | | 1945 | 15 August<br>1947 | [[Indian National Congress]] |- |} ===Governor-General=== {{main|List of governors-general of India}} The Dominion of India remained "India" in common parlance but was geographically reduced by the lands that went to Pakistan, as a separate dominion. Under the Act, the King remained the monarch of India but the British government relinquished all responsibility for administering its former territories. The government also revoked its treaty rights with the rulers of the princely states and advised them to join in a political union with India or Pakistan. Accordingly, one of the British monarch's regnal titles, "[[Emperor of India]]," was abandoned. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !rowspan=2|# !rowspan=2|Governor-General<br>{{small|(Birth–Death)}} !rowspan=2|Portrait !colspan=2|Tenure !rowspan=2|Monarch !rowspan=2|[[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] |- !Took office !Left office |- ! 1 ! [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|The Rt. Hon. The Earl Mountbatten of Burma]]<br>{{small|(1900–1979)}} | [[File:Lord Mountbatten 4 Allan Warren.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|15 August}} 1947 | {{nowrap|21 June}} 1948 | rowspan=2 |George VI | rowspan=2 |[[Jawaharlal Nehru|Nehru]] |- ! 2 ! [[C. Rajagopalachari|Chakravarti Rajagopalachari]]<br>{{small|(1878–1972)}} | [[File:C Rajagopalachari Feb 17 2011.JPG|60px]] | {{nowrap|21 June}} 1948 | {{nowrap|26 January}} 1950 |- |} ===President of India (1950–present)=== {{legend|{{party color|Independent politician}}" | President was an Independent candidate (4)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |President was a candidate of [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) (8)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |President was a candidate of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) (2)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Janata Party}}" |President was a candidate of the [[Janata Party]] (JP) (1)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} ;Key <sup>{{Dagger|alt=Died in office}}</sup>-Died in office<br /><sup>[[File:Invertedcross1.jpg|5px|alt=Did not complete assigned term]]</sup>-Resigned<br /> {|class="wikitable sortable" id="pm list" style="width:100%; text-align:center" |- ! rowspan="2" |# ! rowspan="2" |President<br>{{small|(birth–death)}} ! rowspan="2" |Portrait ! colspan="2" |Tenure ! rowspan="2" |Elected ! rowspan="2" |Political party ! rowspan="2" |[[List of vice presidents of India|Vice president]] |- !Took office !Left office |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 1 ! [[Rajendra Prasad]]<br>{{small|(1884–1963)}} | [[File:Rajendra Prasad (Indian President), signed image for Walter Nash (NZ Prime Minister), 1958 (16017609534).jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|26 January}} 1950 | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1962 |[[1950 Indian presidential election|1950]]<br>[[1952 Indian presidential election|1952]]<br>[[1955 Indian presidential election|1955]] <br>[[1957 Indian presidential election|1957]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan |- ! 2 ! [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan|Sir Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]<br>{{small|(1888–1975)}} | [[File:Photograph of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan presented to First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy in 1962.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1962 | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1967 | [[1962 Indian presidential election|1962]] <br>[[1965 Indian presidential election|1965]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]] |- ! 3 ! [[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]]<br>{{small|(1897–1969)}} | [[File:President Zakir Husain 1998 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1967 | {{nowrap|3 May}} 1969<br>{{small|(''died in office.'')}} | [[1967 Indian presidential election|1967]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] | rowspan="3" |[[V. V. Giri]] |- ! 4 ! [[V. V. Giri]]<br>{{small|(1894–1980)}} | [[File:10) V.V GIRI AUTOGRAPHED PENCIL SKETCH.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|3 May }} 1969 | {{nowrap|20 July}} 1969 | [[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |- ! 5 !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} | [[File:Justice M. Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|20 July}} 1969 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1969 |[[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |- ! (4) ! [[V. V. Giri]]<br>{{small|(1894–1980)}} | [[File:V.V.Giri.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1969 | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 | [[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Gopal Swarup Pathak]] |- !– ![[Gopal Swarup Pathak]]<br>(1896–1982) | |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak |- !(4) ![[V. V. Giri]] {{small|(1894–1980)}} |[[File:10) V.V GIRI AUTOGRAPHED PENCIL SKETCH.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1974 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 6 ! [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]]<br>{{small|(1905–1977)}} | [[File:Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed 1977 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1974 | {{nowrap|11 February}} 1977<br>{{small|(''died in office.'')}} | [[1974 Indian presidential election|1974]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak B. D. Jatti |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 7 ![[B. D. Jatti]]<br>{{small|(1912–2002)}} | [[File:B.D Jatti (enhanced).jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|11 February}} 1977 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1977<br> |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |B. D. Jatti |- !style="background:#1F75FE;" |&nbsp; 8 ![[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]<br>{{small|(1913–1996)}} | [[File:NeelamSanjeevaReddy.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1977 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1982 | [[1977 Indian presidential election|1977]] | [[Janata Party]] |B. D. Jatti Mohammad Hidayatullah |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;9 ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1982 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |[[1982 Indian presidential election|1982]] |[[Indian National Congress]] | rowspan="4" |Mohammad Hidayatullah |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (5) !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} |[[File:Justice_M._Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (9) ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (5) !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} |[[File:Justice_M._Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- br > Gandhi !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (9) ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1987 |<br>[[1984 Indian presidential election|1984]] |[[Indian National Congress]] |Ramaswamy Venkataraman |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 10 ! [[R. Venkataraman]]<br>{{small|(1910–2009)}} | [[File:R Venkataraman.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1987 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1992 | [[1987 Indian presidential election|1987]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Shankar Dayal Sharma |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 11 ![[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]<br>{{small|(1918–1999)}} | [[File:Shankar Dayal Sharma 36.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1992 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1997 | [[1992 Indian presidential election|1992]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |K. R. Narayanan |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 12 ! [[K. R. Narayanan]]<br>{{small|(1920–2005)}} | [[File:K. R. Narayanan.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1997 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 | [[1997 Indian presidential election|1997]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |[[Krishan Kant]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– !'''[[Krishan Kant]]''' <small>(1927–2002)</small> | |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Krishan Kant |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(12) ![[K. R. Narayanan]] {{small|(1920–2005)}} |[[File:K. R. Narayanan.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2002 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Krishan Kant |- ! 13 ! [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]<br>{{small|(1931–2015)}} | [[File:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam in 2008.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2002 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 | [[2002 Indian presidential election|2002]] |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Krishan Kant [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !– !'''[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]''' <small>(1923–2010)</small> | |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !(13) ![[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] {{small|(1931–2015)}} |[[File:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam in 2008.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2007 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 14 ! [[Pratibha Patil]]<br>{{small|(1934–)}} | [[File:PratibhaIndia.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2007 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2010 | [[2007 Indian presidential election|2007]] | [[Indian National Congress]] | rowspan="4" |[[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– ![[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]<small>(1937–)</small> | |25 July 2010 |25 July 2010 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(14) ![[Pratibha Patil]] {{small|(1934–)}} |[[File:PratibhaIndia.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2010 |25 July 2012 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |- ! style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 15 ![[Pranab Mukherjee]]<br>{{small|(1935–2020)}} | [[File:Pranab Mukherjee Portrait.jpg|60px]] | 25 July 2012 | 25 July 2016 | [[2012 Indian presidential election|2012]] |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– ![[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]<small>(1937–)</small> | |25 July 2016 |25 July 2016 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(15) ![[Pranab Mukherjee]] {{small|(1935–2020)}} | [[File:Pranab Mukherjee Portrait.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2016 |25 July 2017 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; 16 ! [[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br>{{small|(1945–)}} | [[File:Ram Nath Kovind official portrait.jpg|60px]] | 25 July 2017 | 25 July 2018 | [[2017 Indian presidential election|2017]] | [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari [[Venkaiah Naidu]] |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; _ !'''[[Venkaiah Naidu|M. Venkaiah Naidu]]''' <small>(1949–)</small> | |25 July 2018 |25 July 2018 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Venkaiah Naidu |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; (16) ![[Ram Nath Kovind]] {{small|(1945–)}} |[[File:Ram Nath Kovind official portrait.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2018 |25 July 2022 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Venkaiah Naidu]] |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;17 ! [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br>{{small|(1958-)}} |[[File:Droupadi Murmu June 2022.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2022 |11 August 2022 |[[2022 Indian presidential election|2022]] |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Venkaiah Naidu [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;– !'''[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]''' <small>(1951–)</small> | |11 August 2022 |11 August 2022 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;17 ! [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br>{{small|(1958-)}} |[[File:Droupadi Murmu June 2022.jpg|60px]] |11 August 2022 |25 July 2025 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;18 ! [[Narendra Modi]]<small>(1950–)</small> | |25 July 2025 |Incumbent |— |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- !19 ![[Javed Khans]]<small>(1996–)</small> | |25 July 2025 |''Incumbent'' | |Ine |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- |} ==Timeline== ;Timeline {{#tag:timeline| ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:20 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:50 right:130 left:20 AlignBars = late Colors = id:INC value:rgb(0.435,0.85,0.866) legend:INC id:JP value:blue legend:JP id:BJP value:orange legend:BJP id:idp value:gray(0.8) legend:Independent id:gray1 value:gray(0.8) Define $today = {{#time:d/m/Y}} DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1950 till:$today TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:10 start:1950 Legend = columns:4 left:150 top:24 columnwidth:100 TextData = pos:(20,27) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"Political Party:" BarData = barset:PREZ PlotData= width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:PREZ from: 26/01/1950 till: 13/05/1962 color:INC text:"[[Rajendra Prasad|Prasad]]" fontsize:10 from: 13/05/1962 till: 13/05/1967 color:idp text:"[[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan|Radhakrishnan]]" fontsize:10 from: 13/05/1967 till: 03/05/1969 color:idp text:"[[Zakir Husain (politician)|Husain]]" fontsize:10 from: 03/05/1969 till: 20/07/1969 color:idp text:"[[Varahagiri Venkata Giri|Giri]] (acting)" fontsize:10 from: 20/07/1969 till: 24/08/1969 color:idp text:"[[Mohammad Hidayatullah|Hidayatullah]] (acting)" fontsize:10 from: 24/08/1969 till: 24/08/1974 color:idp text:"[[Varahagiri Venkata Giri|Giri]]" fontsize:10 from: 24/08/1974 till: 11/02/1977 color:INC text:"[[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed|Ahmed]]" fontsize:10 from: 11/02/1977 till: 25/07/1977 color:INC text:"[[Basappa Danappa Jatti|Jatti]] (acting)" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1977 till: 25/07/1982 color:JP text:"[[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy|Reddy]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1982 till: 25/07/1987 color:INC text:"[[Zail Singh|Singh]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1987 till: 25/07/1992 color:INC text:"[[Ramaswamy Venkataraman|Venkataraman]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1992 till: 25/07/1997 color:INC text:"[[Shankar Dayal Sharma|Sharma]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1997 till: 25/07/2002 color:INC text:"[[Kocheril Raman Narayanan|Narayanan]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2002 till: 25/07/2007 color:idp text:"[[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|Kalam]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2007 till: 25/07/2012 color:INC text:"[[Pratibha Patil|Patil]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2012 till: 25/07/2017 color:INC text:"[[Pranab Mukherjee|Mukherjee]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2017 till: 25/07/2022 color:BJP text:"[[Ram Nath Kovind|Kovind]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2022 till:end color:BJP text:"[[Droupadi Murmu|Murmu]]" fontsize:10 }} ==References== {{refbegin}} * {{cite web|url =http://www.presidentofindia.nic.in/former-presidents.htm|title = Former Presidents|publisher=President’s Secretariat|access-date = 29 November 2008}} * {{cite web |url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/presidents_1952.aspx |title =List of Presidents/Vice Presidents |publisher =Election Commission of India |access-date =29 November 2008 |archive-date =11 January 2012 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120111111610/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/presidents_1952.aspx |url-status =dead }} {{refend}} {{Reflist|30em}} ==Other websites== * [http://presidentofindia.nic.in/ Official website of the President of India] * [http://im.rediff.com/news/2007/jul/25kbk.gif Rediff.com – Presidents of India] * [http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/18/stories/2007071855791100.htm The Hindu – A presidential poll in the coalition age] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911192724/http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/18/stories/2007071855791100.htm |date=2007-09-11 }} * [http://www.zeenews.com/news383392.html Zee News: Former Presidents] * [http://india-gk.in/list-of-president-of-india/ India-Gk: List of President of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717085523/https://india-gk.in/list-of-president-of-india/ |date=2019-07-17 }} [[Category:Presidents of India|*]] [[Category:Lists of Indian politicians|Presidents]] [[Category:Lists of national presidents|India]] fo5dgwbrp2iyjwpe6axiiu9oybvou4e 10369163 10369154 2025-07-03T08:08:41Z 2409:40D4:2052:8203:8000:0:0:0 /* President of India (1950–present) */ 10369163 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''[[President of India]]''' is the [[head of state]] of the [[Republic of India]]. This is the list of individuals who were presidents of the republic. ==List of presidents of India== {{For|historical heads of state in the Indian Subcontinent|List of heads of state of India}} ===Company rule in India=== {{Main|Company rule in India}} ===British Raj=== {{Main|British Raj}} === Provisional Government to Indian independence === {{Main|Provisional Government of India}} [[File:Indian,German and Turkish delegates of Niedermayer Mission.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Mahendra Pratap (centre), President of the [[Provisional Government of India]], at the head of [[Niedermayer–Hentig Expedition|the Mission]] with the German and Turkish delegates in Kabul, 1915. Seated to his right is [[Werner Otto von Hentig]].]] On 1 December 1915 Pratap established the first [[Provisional Government of India]] at [[Kabul]] in Afghanistan as a [[government-in-exile]]<ref>{{Cite news|title = Looking back at the times|url = http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/seminar-at-the-aligarh-muslim-university-highlighted-the-contribution-of-its-alumni-including-that-of-raja-mahendra-pratap-in-indias-freedom-struggle/article6830815.ece|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 28 January 2015|access-date = 29 October 2015|issn = 0971-751X}}</ref> of Free Hindustan, with himself as President, [[Maulavi Barkatullah]] as Prime Minister, and Maulana [[Ubaidullah Sindhi]] as Home Minister, declaring [[jihad]] on the British.<ref>Contributions of Raja Mahendra Prata by [[Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman]], International Seminar on Raja Mahendra Pratap & Barkatullah Bhopali|[[Maulavi Barkatullah]], Barkatulla University, Bhopal, 1–3 December 2005.</ref> Anti-British forces supported his movement, but because of obvious loyalty to the British, the Amir kept on delaying the expedition to overthrow British rule in India.{{Citation needed|date= April 2020}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="98%" ! scope="col" |# ! scope="col" width="25%" |Name (birth–death) ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Photograph ! scope="col" |Elected ! scope="col" |Took office ! scope="col" |Left office ! scope="col" |Vice President ! colspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable" |Party |- ! colspan="9" |Provisional Government of India |- !1 |[[Mahendra Pratap]] | |— |1915 |1919 |[[Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah]] | | |- !2 |[[Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah]] | |— |1919 |1919 |[[Mahendra Pratap]] | | |} ===British Raj=== {{Main|British Raj}} ===Governor-General=== {{main|List of governors-general of India}} ===President of the Executive Council=== [[Purna Swaraj|Interim Government of India]] The '''Declaration of Purna Swaraj''' was a [[Resolution (law)|resolution]] which was passed in 1930 because of the dissatisfaction among the Indian masses regarding the British offer of [[Dominion|Dominion status]] to [[British Raj|India]]. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! # ! style="width:17em" |Name ! Portrait ! colspan="2" |Term of office ! style="width:8em" |Political party |- ! 1 | '''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]''' | | 1928 | 1941 | [[Indian National Congress]] |- |} ===Subhas Chandra Bose Provisional Government to Indian independence === The '''Provisional Government of Free India''' or, more simply, '''[[Azad Hind]]''',<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Rudolph |first=Lloyd I. |author2=Hoeber Rudolph, Susanne |title=Explaining Indian Democracy: The realm of institutions: state formation and institutional change |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]; Original from: [[University of California Press]] |year=2008 |page=58 |isbn=978-0-19-569365-2}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Ghose |first=Sankar |title=Political ideas and movements in India |publisher=Allied Publishers; Original from: [[University of Michigan Press]] |year=1975 |page=136 }}</ref> was a short-lived Japanese-controlled provisional government in India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Pant |first=H. V. |title=The Routledge Handbook of Indian Defence Policy: Themes, Structures and Doctrines |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-000-07435-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YbfjDwAAQBAJ |page=72}}</ref> It was established in [[Japanese occupation of Singapore|Japanese occupied Singapore]] during [[World War II]] in October 1943 and has been considered [[List of World War II puppet states|a puppet state]] of the [[Empire of Japan]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cribb |first1=R. |last2=Li |first2=N. |title=Imperial Japan and National Identities in Asia, 1895–1945 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-000-14401-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-pzyDwAAQBAJ |page=242|quote=Japanese postal authorities prepared stamps for use in the foreshadowed puppet state of Azad Hind}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Dunphy |first=J. J. |title=Unsung Heroes of the Dachau Trials: The Investigative Work of the U.S. Army 7708 War Crimes Group, 1945–1947 |publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-4766-3337-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6tt8DwAAQBAJ |page=116|quote=Imperial Japan in 1943 had established a puppet state known as the Provisional Government of Free India}}</ref><ref name="toye" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="98%" ! scope="col" |# ! scope="col" width="25%" |Name (birth–death) ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Photograph ! scope="col" |Elected ! scope="col" |Took office ! scope="col" |Left office ! scope="col" |Vice President ! colspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable" |Party |- ! colspan="9" |Provisional Government of India |- !1 |[[Subhas Chandra Bose]] | |— |1941 |1945 |[[Mohan Singh]] and [[Iwaichi Fujiwara]] founders of the [[First Indian National Army]] | | |} ===President of the Executive Council=== [[Interim Government of India]] The '''Interim Government of India''', also known as the '''Provisional Government of India''', formed on 1945<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/interim-government/1/463170.html|title=India's first government was formed today: All you need to know|access-date=2016-05-27|archive-date=2017-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225203558/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/interim-government/1/463170.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> from the newly elected [[Constituent Assembly of India]], had the task of assisting the transition of [[British Raj|British India]] to independence. It remained in place until 15 August 1947, the date of the independence (and [[Partition of India|partition]]) of British India, and the creation of the dominions of [[Dominion of India|India]] and [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]].<ref name="A">{{cite book|title=Constitutional history of India, including the nationalist movement|pages=200–10|author=Vidya Dhar Mahajan|author-link=Vidya Dhar Mahajan|publisher=S. Chand|year=1971}}</ref><ref name="B">{{cite web|title=Office of the Historian – Countries – India|url=https://history.state.gov/countries/india|publisher=[[U.S. State Department]]|access-date=2009-08-16}}</ref><ref name="C">{{cite book|title=History of Modern India, 1707 A. D. to 2000 A. D.|author=Radhey Shyam Chaurasia|pages=300–400|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors|year=2002|isbn=978-81-269-0085-5}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! # ! style="width:17em" |Name ! Portrait ! colspan="2" |Term of office ! style="width:8em" |Political party |- ! 1 | '''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]''' [[List of prime ministers of India|Vice-President of the Executive Council]]<br> [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|External Affairs & Commonwealth Relations]]<br> | | 1945 | 15 August<br>1947 | [[Indian National Congress]] |- |} ===Governor-General=== {{main|List of governors-general of India}} The Dominion of India remained "India" in common parlance but was geographically reduced by the lands that went to Pakistan, as a separate dominion. Under the Act, the King remained the monarch of India but the British government relinquished all responsibility for administering its former territories. The government also revoked its treaty rights with the rulers of the princely states and advised them to join in a political union with India or Pakistan. Accordingly, one of the British monarch's regnal titles, "[[Emperor of India]]," was abandoned. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !rowspan=2|# !rowspan=2|Governor-General<br>{{small|(Birth–Death)}} !rowspan=2|Portrait !colspan=2|Tenure !rowspan=2|Monarch !rowspan=2|[[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] |- !Took office !Left office |- ! 1 ! [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|The Rt. Hon. The Earl Mountbatten of Burma]]<br>{{small|(1900–1979)}} | [[File:Lord Mountbatten 4 Allan Warren.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|15 August}} 1947 | {{nowrap|21 June}} 1948 | rowspan=2 |George VI | rowspan=2 |[[Jawaharlal Nehru|Nehru]] |- ! 2 ! [[C. Rajagopalachari|Chakravarti Rajagopalachari]]<br>{{small|(1878–1972)}} | [[File:C Rajagopalachari Feb 17 2011.JPG|60px]] | {{nowrap|21 June}} 1948 | {{nowrap|26 January}} 1950 |- |} ===President of India (1950–present)=== {{legend|{{party color|Independent politician}}" | President was an Independent candidate (4)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |President was a candidate of [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) (8)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |President was a candidate of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) (2)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Janata Party}}" |President was a candidate of the [[Janata Party]] (JP) (1)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} ;Key <sup>{{Dagger|alt=Died in office}}</sup>-Died in office<br /><sup>[[File:Invertedcross1.jpg|5px|alt=Did not complete assigned term]]</sup>-Resigned<br /> {|class="wikitable sortable" id="pm list" style="width:100%; text-align:center" |- ! rowspan="2" |# ! rowspan="2" |President<br>{{small|(birth–death)}} ! rowspan="2" |Portrait ! colspan="2" |Tenure ! rowspan="2" |Elected ! rowspan="2" |Political party ! rowspan="2" |[[List of vice presidents of India|Vice president]] |- !Took office !Left office |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 1 ! [[Rajendra Prasad]]<br>{{small|(1884–1963)}} | [[File:Rajendra Prasad (Indian President), signed image for Walter Nash (NZ Prime Minister), 1958 (16017609534).jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|26 January}} 1950 | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1962 |[[1950 Indian presidential election|1950]]<br>[[1952 Indian presidential election|1952]]<br>[[1955 Indian presidential election|1955]] <br>[[1957 Indian presidential election|1957]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan |- ! 2 ! [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan|Sir Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]<br>{{small|(1888–1975)}} | [[File:Photograph of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan presented to First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy in 1962.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1962 | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1967 | [[1962 Indian presidential election|1962]] <br>[[1965 Indian presidential election|1965]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]] |- ! 3 ! [[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]]<br>{{small|(1897–1969)}} | [[File:President Zakir Husain 1998 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1967 | {{nowrap|3 May}} 1969<br>{{small|(''died in office.'')}} | [[1967 Indian presidential election|1967]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] | rowspan="3" |[[V. V. Giri]] |- ! 4 ! [[V. V. Giri]]<br>{{small|(1894–1980)}} | [[File:10) V.V GIRI AUTOGRAPHED PENCIL SKETCH.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|3 May }} 1969 | {{nowrap|20 July}} 1969 | [[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |- ! 5 !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} | [[File:Justice M. Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|20 July}} 1969 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1969 |[[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |- ! (4) ! [[V. V. Giri]]<br>{{small|(1894–1980)}} | [[File:V.V.Giri.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1969 | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 | [[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Gopal Swarup Pathak]] |- !– ![[Gopal Swarup Pathak]]<br>(1896–1982) | |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak |- !(4) ![[V. V. Giri]] {{small|(1894–1980)}} |[[File:10) V.V GIRI AUTOGRAPHED PENCIL SKETCH.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1974 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 6 ! [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]]<br>{{small|(1905–1977)}} | [[File:Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed 1977 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1974 | {{nowrap|11 February}} 1977<br>{{small|(''died in office.'')}} | [[1974 Indian presidential election|1974]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak B. D. Jatti |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 7 ![[B. D. Jatti]]<br>{{small|(1912–2002)}} | [[File:B.D Jatti (enhanced).jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|11 February}} 1977 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1977<br> |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |B. D. Jatti |- !style="background:#1F75FE;" |&nbsp; 8 ![[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]<br>{{small|(1913–1996)}} | [[File:NeelamSanjeevaReddy.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1977 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1982 | [[1977 Indian presidential election|1977]] | [[Janata Party]] |B. D. Jatti Mohammad Hidayatullah |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;9 ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1982 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |[[1982 Indian presidential election|1982]] |[[Indian National Congress]] | rowspan="4" |Mohammad Hidayatullah |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (5) !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} |[[File:Justice_M._Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (9) ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (5) !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} |[[File:Justice_M._Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- br > Gandhi !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (9) ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1987 |<br>[[1984 Indian presidential election|1984]] |[[Indian National Congress]] |Ramaswamy Venkataraman |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 10 ! [[R. Venkataraman]]<br>{{small|(1910–2009)}} | [[File:R Venkataraman.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1987 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1992 | [[1987 Indian presidential election|1987]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Shankar Dayal Sharma |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 11 ![[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]<br>{{small|(1918–1999)}} | [[File:Shankar Dayal Sharma 36.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1992 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1997 | [[1992 Indian presidential election|1992]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |K. R. Narayanan |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 12 ! [[K. R. Narayanan]]<br>{{small|(1920–2005)}} | [[File:K. R. Narayanan.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1997 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 | [[1997 Indian presidential election|1997]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |[[Krishan Kant]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– !'''[[Krishan Kant]]''' <small>(1927–2002)</small> | |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Krishan Kant |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(12) ![[K. R. Narayanan]] {{small|(1920–2005)}} |[[File:K. R. Narayanan.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2002 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Krishan Kant |- ! 13 ! [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]<br>{{small|(1931–2015)}} | [[File:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam in 2008.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2002 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 | [[2002 Indian presidential election|2002]] |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Krishan Kant [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !– !'''[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]''' <small>(1923–2010)</small> | |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !(13) ![[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] {{small|(1931–2015)}} |[[File:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam in 2008.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2007 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 14 ! [[Pratibha Patil]]<br>{{small|(1934–)}} | [[File:PratibhaIndia.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2007 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2010 | [[2007 Indian presidential election|2007]] | [[Indian National Congress]] | rowspan="4" |[[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– ![[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]<small>(1937–)</small> | |25 July 2010 |25 July 2010 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(14) ![[Pratibha Patil]] {{small|(1934–)}} |[[File:PratibhaIndia.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2010 |25 July 2012 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |- ! style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 15 ![[Pranab Mukherjee]]<br>{{small|(1935–2020)}} | [[File:Pranab Mukherjee Portrait.jpg|60px]] | 25 July 2012 | 25 July 2016 | [[2012 Indian presidential election|2012]] |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– ![[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]<small>(1937–)</small> | |25 July 2016 |25 July 2016 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(15) ![[Pranab Mukherjee]] {{small|(1935–2020)}} | [[File:Pranab Mukherjee Portrait.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2016 |25 July 2017 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; 16 ! [[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br>{{small|(1945–)}} | [[File:Ram Nath Kovind official portrait.jpg|60px]] | 25 July 2017 | 25 July 2018 | [[2017 Indian presidential election|2017]] | [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari [[Venkaiah Naidu]] |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; _ !'''[[Venkaiah Naidu|M. Venkaiah Naidu]]''' <small>(1949–)</small> | |25 July 2018 |25 July 2018 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Venkaiah Naidu |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; (16) ![[Ram Nath Kovind]] {{small|(1945–)}} |[[File:Ram Nath Kovind official portrait.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2018 |25 July 2022 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Venkaiah Naidu]] |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;17 ! [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br>{{small|(1958-)}} |[[File:Droupadi Murmu June 2022.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2022 |11 August 2022 |[[2022 Indian presidential election|2022]] |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Venkaiah Naidu [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;– !'''[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]''' <small>(1951–)</small> | |11 August 2022 |11 August 2022 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;17 ! [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br>{{small|(1958-)}} |[[File:Droupadi Murmu June 2022.jpg|60px]] |11 August 2022 |25 July 2025 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;18 ! [[Narendra Modi]]<small>(1950–)</small> | |25 July 2025 |Incumbent |— |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- !align="center" style="background-color: #808000" |19 ![[Javed Khans]]<small>(1996–)</small> | |25 July 2025 |''Incumbent'' | |Ine |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- |} ==Timeline== ;Timeline {{#tag:timeline| ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:20 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:50 right:130 left:20 AlignBars = late Colors = id:INC value:rgb(0.435,0.85,0.866) legend:INC id:JP value:blue legend:JP id:BJP value:orange legend:BJP id:idp value:gray(0.8) legend:Independent id:gray1 value:gray(0.8) Define $today = {{#time:d/m/Y}} DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1950 till:$today TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:10 start:1950 Legend = columns:4 left:150 top:24 columnwidth:100 TextData = pos:(20,27) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"Political Party:" BarData = barset:PREZ PlotData= width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:PREZ from: 26/01/1950 till: 13/05/1962 color:INC text:"[[Rajendra Prasad|Prasad]]" fontsize:10 from: 13/05/1962 till: 13/05/1967 color:idp text:"[[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan|Radhakrishnan]]" fontsize:10 from: 13/05/1967 till: 03/05/1969 color:idp text:"[[Zakir Husain (politician)|Husain]]" fontsize:10 from: 03/05/1969 till: 20/07/1969 color:idp text:"[[Varahagiri Venkata Giri|Giri]] (acting)" fontsize:10 from: 20/07/1969 till: 24/08/1969 color:idp text:"[[Mohammad Hidayatullah|Hidayatullah]] (acting)" fontsize:10 from: 24/08/1969 till: 24/08/1974 color:idp text:"[[Varahagiri Venkata Giri|Giri]]" fontsize:10 from: 24/08/1974 till: 11/02/1977 color:INC text:"[[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed|Ahmed]]" fontsize:10 from: 11/02/1977 till: 25/07/1977 color:INC text:"[[Basappa Danappa Jatti|Jatti]] (acting)" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1977 till: 25/07/1982 color:JP text:"[[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy|Reddy]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1982 till: 25/07/1987 color:INC text:"[[Zail Singh|Singh]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1987 till: 25/07/1992 color:INC text:"[[Ramaswamy Venkataraman|Venkataraman]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1992 till: 25/07/1997 color:INC text:"[[Shankar Dayal Sharma|Sharma]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1997 till: 25/07/2002 color:INC text:"[[Kocheril Raman Narayanan|Narayanan]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2002 till: 25/07/2007 color:idp text:"[[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|Kalam]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2007 till: 25/07/2012 color:INC text:"[[Pratibha Patil|Patil]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2012 till: 25/07/2017 color:INC text:"[[Pranab Mukherjee|Mukherjee]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2017 till: 25/07/2022 color:BJP text:"[[Ram Nath Kovind|Kovind]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2022 till:end color:BJP text:"[[Droupadi Murmu|Murmu]]" fontsize:10 }} ==References== {{refbegin}} * {{cite web|url =http://www.presidentofindia.nic.in/former-presidents.htm|title = Former Presidents|publisher=President’s Secretariat|access-date = 29 November 2008}} * {{cite web |url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/presidents_1952.aspx |title =List of Presidents/Vice Presidents |publisher =Election Commission of India |access-date =29 November 2008 |archive-date =11 January 2012 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120111111610/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/presidents_1952.aspx |url-status =dead }} {{refend}} {{Reflist|30em}} ==Other websites== * [http://presidentofindia.nic.in/ Official website of the President of India] * [http://im.rediff.com/news/2007/jul/25kbk.gif Rediff.com – Presidents of India] * [http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/18/stories/2007071855791100.htm The Hindu – A presidential poll in the coalition age] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911192724/http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/18/stories/2007071855791100.htm |date=2007-09-11 }} * [http://www.zeenews.com/news383392.html Zee News: Former Presidents] * [http://india-gk.in/list-of-president-of-india/ India-Gk: List of President of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717085523/https://india-gk.in/list-of-president-of-india/ |date=2019-07-17 }} [[Category:Presidents of India|*]] [[Category:Lists of Indian politicians|Presidents]] [[Category:Lists of national presidents|India]] e0ylw1732x7wlew22le9sfunec5cx1a 10369170 10369163 2025-07-03T08:12:15Z 2409:40D4:2052:8203:8000:0:0:0 10369170 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''[[President of India]]''' is the [[head of state]] of the [[Republic of India]]. This is the list of individuals who were presidents of the republic. ==List of presidents of India== {{For|historical heads of state in the Indian Subcontinent|List of heads of state of India}} ===Company rule in India=== {{Main|Company rule in India}} ===British Raj=== {{Main|British Raj}} === Provisional Government to Indian independence === {{Main|Provisional Government of India}} [[File:Indian,German and Turkish delegates of Niedermayer Mission.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Mahendra Pratap (centre), President of the [[Provisional Government of India]], at the head of [[Niedermayer–Hentig Expedition|the Mission]] with the German and Turkish delegates in Kabul, 1915. Seated to his right is [[Werner Otto von Hentig]].]] On 1 December 1915 Pratap established the first [[Provisional Government of India]] at [[Kabul]] in Afghanistan as a [[government-in-exile]]<ref>{{Cite news|title = Looking back at the times|url = http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/seminar-at-the-aligarh-muslim-university-highlighted-the-contribution-of-its-alumni-including-that-of-raja-mahendra-pratap-in-indias-freedom-struggle/article6830815.ece|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 28 January 2015|access-date = 29 October 2015|issn = 0971-751X}}</ref> of Free Hindustan, with himself as President, [[Maulavi Barkatullah]] as Prime Minister, and Maulana [[Ubaidullah Sindhi]] as Home Minister, declaring [[jihad]] on the British.<ref>Contributions of Raja Mahendra Prata by [[Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman]], International Seminar on Raja Mahendra Pratap & Barkatullah Bhopali|[[Maulavi Barkatullah]], Barkatulla University, Bhopal, 1–3 December 2005.</ref> Anti-British forces supported his movement, but because of obvious loyalty to the British, the Amir kept on delaying the expedition to overthrow British rule in India.{{Citation needed|date= April 2020}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="98%" ! scope="col" |# ! scope="col" width="25%" |Name (birth–death) ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Photograph ! scope="col" |Elected ! scope="col" |Took office ! scope="col" |Left office ! scope="col" |Vice President ! colspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable" |Party |- ! colspan="9" |Provisional Government of India |- !1 |[[Mahendra Pratap]] | |— |1915 |1919 |[[Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah]] | | |- !2 |[[Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah]] | |— |1919 |1919 |[[Mahendra Pratap]] | | |} ===British Raj=== {{Main|British Raj}} ===Governor-General=== {{main|List of governors-general of India}} ===President of the Executive Council=== [[Purna Swaraj|Interim Government of India]] The '''Declaration of Purna Swaraj''' was a [[Resolution (law)|resolution]] which was passed in 1930 because of the dissatisfaction among the Indian masses regarding the British offer of [[Dominion|Dominion status]] to [[British Raj|India]]. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! # ! style="width:17em" |Name ! Portrait ! colspan="2" |Term of office ! style="width:8em" |Political party |- ! 1 | '''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]''' | | 1928 | 1941 | [[Indian National Congress]] |- |} ===Subhas Chandra Bose Provisional Government to Indian independence === The '''Provisional Government of Free India''' or, more simply, '''[[Azad Hind]]''',<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Rudolph |first=Lloyd I. |author2=Hoeber Rudolph, Susanne |title=Explaining Indian Democracy: The realm of institutions: state formation and institutional change |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]; Original from: [[University of California Press]] |year=2008 |page=58 |isbn=978-0-19-569365-2}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Ghose |first=Sankar |title=Political ideas and movements in India |publisher=Allied Publishers; Original from: [[University of Michigan Press]] |year=1975 |page=136 }}</ref> was a short-lived Japanese-controlled provisional government in India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Pant |first=H. V. |title=The Routledge Handbook of Indian Defence Policy: Themes, Structures and Doctrines |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-000-07435-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YbfjDwAAQBAJ |page=72}}</ref> It was established in [[Japanese occupation of Singapore|Japanese occupied Singapore]] during [[World War II]] in October 1943 and has been considered [[List of World War II puppet states|a puppet state]] of the [[Empire of Japan]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cribb |first1=R. |last2=Li |first2=N. |title=Imperial Japan and National Identities in Asia, 1895–1945 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-000-14401-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-pzyDwAAQBAJ |page=242|quote=Japanese postal authorities prepared stamps for use in the foreshadowed puppet state of Azad Hind}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Dunphy |first=J. J. |title=Unsung Heroes of the Dachau Trials: The Investigative Work of the U.S. Army 7708 War Crimes Group, 1945–1947 |publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-4766-3337-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6tt8DwAAQBAJ |page=116|quote=Imperial Japan in 1943 had established a puppet state known as the Provisional Government of Free India}}</ref><ref name="toye" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="98%" ! scope="col" |# ! scope="col" width="25%" |Name (birth–death) ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Photograph ! scope="col" |Elected ! scope="col" |Took office ! scope="col" |Left office ! scope="col" |Vice President ! colspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable" |Party |- ! colspan="9" |Provisional Government of India |- !1 |[[Subhas Chandra Bose]] | |— |1941 |1945 |[[Mohan Singh]] and [[Iwaichi Fujiwara]] founders of the [[First Indian National Army]] | | |} ===President of the Executive Council=== [[Interim Government of India]] The '''Interim Government of India''', also known as the '''Provisional Government of India''', formed on 1945<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/interim-government/1/463170.html|title=India's first government was formed today: All you need to know|access-date=2016-05-27|archive-date=2017-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225203558/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/interim-government/1/463170.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> from the newly elected [[Constituent Assembly of India]], had the task of assisting the transition of [[British Raj|British India]] to independence. It remained in place until 15 August 1947, the date of the independence (and [[Partition of India|partition]]) of British India, and the creation of the dominions of [[Dominion of India|India]] and [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]].<ref name="A">{{cite book|title=Constitutional history of India, including the nationalist movement|pages=200–10|author=Vidya Dhar Mahajan|author-link=Vidya Dhar Mahajan|publisher=S. Chand|year=1971}}</ref><ref name="B">{{cite web|title=Office of the Historian – Countries – India|url=https://history.state.gov/countries/india|publisher=[[U.S. State Department]]|access-date=2009-08-16}}</ref><ref name="C">{{cite book|title=History of Modern India, 1707 A. D. to 2000 A. D.|author=Radhey Shyam Chaurasia|pages=300–400|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors|year=2002|isbn=978-81-269-0085-5}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! # ! style="width:17em" |Name ! Portrait ! colspan="2" |Term of office ! style="width:8em" |Political party |- ! 1 | '''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]''' [[List of prime ministers of India|Vice-President of the Executive Council]]<br> [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|External Affairs & Commonwealth Relations]]<br> | | 1945 | 15 August<br>1947 | [[Indian National Congress]] |- |} ===Governor-General=== {{main|List of governors-general of India}} The Dominion of India remained "India" in common parlance but was geographically reduced by the lands that went to Pakistan, as a separate dominion. Under the Act, the King remained the monarch of India but the British government relinquished all responsibility for administering its former territories. The government also revoked its treaty rights with the rulers of the princely states and advised them to join in a political union with India or Pakistan. Accordingly, one of the British monarch's regnal titles, "[[Emperor of India]]," was abandoned. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !rowspan=2|# !rowspan=2|Governor-General<br>{{small|(Birth–Death)}} !rowspan=2|Portrait !colspan=2|Tenure !rowspan=2|Monarch !rowspan=2|[[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] |- !Took office !Left office |- ! 1 ! [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|The Rt. Hon. The Earl Mountbatten of Burma]]<br>{{small|(1900–1979)}} | [[File:Lord Mountbatten 4 Allan Warren.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|15 August}} 1947 | {{nowrap|21 June}} 1948 | rowspan=2 |George VI | rowspan=2 |[[Jawaharlal Nehru|Nehru]] |- ! 2 ! [[C. Rajagopalachari|Chakravarti Rajagopalachari]]<br>{{small|(1878–1972)}} | [[File:C Rajagopalachari Feb 17 2011.JPG|60px]] | {{nowrap|21 June}} 1948 | {{nowrap|26 January}} 1950 |- |} ===President of India (1950–present)=== {{legend|{{party color|Independent politician}}" | President was an Independent candidate (4)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |President was a candidate of [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) (8)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |President was a candidate of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) (2)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Janata Party}}" |President was a candidate of the [[Janata Party]] (JP) (1)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} ;Key <sup>{{Dagger|alt=Died in office}}</sup>-Died in office<br /><sup>[[File:Invertedcross1.jpg|5px|alt=Did not complete assigned term]]</sup>-Resigned<br /> {|class="wikitable sortable" id="pm list" style="width:100%; text-align:center" |- ! rowspan="2" |# ! rowspan="2" |President<br>{{small|(birth–death)}} ! rowspan="2" |Portrait ! colspan="2" |Tenure ! rowspan="2" |Elected ! rowspan="2" |Political party ! rowspan="2" |[[List of vice presidents of India|Vice president]] |- !Took office !Left office |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 1 ! [[Rajendra Prasad]]<br>{{small|(1884–1963)}} | [[File:Rajendra Prasad (Indian President), signed image for Walter Nash (NZ Prime Minister), 1958 (16017609534).jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|26 January}} 1950 | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1962 |[[1950 Indian presidential election|1950]]<br>[[1952 Indian presidential election|1952]]<br>[[1955 Indian presidential election|1955]] <br>[[1957 Indian presidential election|1957]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan |- ! 2 ! [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan|Sir Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]<br>{{small|(1888–1975)}} | [[File:Photograph of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan presented to First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy in 1962.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1962 | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1967 | [[1962 Indian presidential election|1962]] <br>[[1965 Indian presidential election|1965]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]] |- ! 3 ! [[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]]<br>{{small|(1897–1969)}} | [[File:President Zakir Husain 1998 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1967 | {{nowrap|3 May}} 1969<br>{{small|(''died in office.'')}} | [[1967 Indian presidential election|1967]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] | rowspan="3" |[[V. V. Giri]] |- ! 4 ! [[V. V. Giri]]<br>{{small|(1894–1980)}} | [[File:10) V.V GIRI AUTOGRAPHED PENCIL SKETCH.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|3 May }} 1969 | {{nowrap|20 July}} 1969 | [[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |- ! 5 !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} | [[File:Justice M. Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|20 July}} 1969 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1969 |[[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |- ! (4) ! [[V. V. Giri]]<br>{{small|(1894–1980)}} | [[File:V.V.Giri.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1969 | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 | [[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Gopal Swarup Pathak]] |- !– ![[Gopal Swarup Pathak]]<br>(1896–1982) | |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak |- !(4) ![[V. V. Giri]] {{small|(1894–1980)}} |[[File:10) V.V GIRI AUTOGRAPHED PENCIL SKETCH.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1974 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 6 ! [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]]<br>{{small|(1905–1977)}} | [[File:Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed 1977 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1974 | {{nowrap|11 February}} 1977<br>{{small|(''died in office.'')}} | [[1974 Indian presidential election|1974]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak B. D. Jatti |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 7 ![[B. D. Jatti]]<br>{{small|(1912–2002)}} | [[File:B.D Jatti (enhanced).jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|11 February}} 1977 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1977<br> |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |B. D. Jatti |- !style="background:#1F75FE;" |&nbsp; 8 ![[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]<br>{{small|(1913–1996)}} | [[File:NeelamSanjeevaReddy.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1977 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1982 | [[1977 Indian presidential election|1977]] | [[Janata Party]] |B. D. Jatti Mohammad Hidayatullah |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;9 ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1982 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |[[1982 Indian presidential election|1982]] |[[Indian National Congress]] | rowspan="4" |Mohammad Hidayatullah |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (5) !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} |[[File:Justice_M._Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (9) ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (5) !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} |[[File:Justice_M._Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- br > Gandhi !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (9) ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1987 |<br>[[1984 Indian presidential election|1984]] |[[Indian National Congress]] |Ramaswamy Venkataraman |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 10 ! [[R. Venkataraman]]<br>{{small|(1910–2009)}} | [[File:R Venkataraman.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1987 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1992 | [[1987 Indian presidential election|1987]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Shankar Dayal Sharma |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 11 ![[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]<br>{{small|(1918–1999)}} | [[File:Shankar Dayal Sharma 36.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1992 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1997 | [[1992 Indian presidential election|1992]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |K. R. Narayanan |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 12 ! [[K. R. Narayanan]]<br>{{small|(1920–2005)}} | [[File:K. R. Narayanan.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1997 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 | [[1997 Indian presidential election|1997]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |[[Krishan Kant]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– !'''[[Krishan Kant]]''' <small>(1927–2002)</small> | |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Krishan Kant |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(12) ![[K. R. Narayanan]] {{small|(1920–2005)}} |[[File:K. R. Narayanan.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2002 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Krishan Kant |- ! 13 ! [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]<br>{{small|(1931–2015)}} | [[File:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam in 2008.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2002 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 | [[2002 Indian presidential election|2002]] |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Krishan Kant [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !– !'''[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]''' <small>(1923–2010)</small> | |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !(13) ![[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] {{small|(1931–2015)}} |[[File:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam in 2008.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2007 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 14 ! [[Pratibha Patil]]<br>{{small|(1934–)}} | [[File:PratibhaIndia.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2007 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2010 | [[2007 Indian presidential election|2007]] | [[Indian National Congress]] | rowspan="4" |[[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– ![[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]<small>(1937–)</small> | |25 July 2010 |25 July 2010 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(14) ![[Pratibha Patil]] {{small|(1934–)}} |[[File:PratibhaIndia.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2010 |25 July 2012 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |- ! style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 15 ![[Pranab Mukherjee]]<br>{{small|(1935–2020)}} | [[File:Pranab Mukherjee Portrait.jpg|60px]] | 25 July 2012 | 25 July 2016 | [[2012 Indian presidential election|2012]] |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– ![[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]<small>(1937–)</small> | |25 July 2016 |25 July 2016 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(15) ![[Pranab Mukherjee]] {{small|(1935–2020)}} | [[File:Pranab Mukherjee Portrait.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2016 |25 July 2017 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; 16 ! [[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br>{{small|(1945–)}} | [[File:Ram Nath Kovind official portrait.jpg|60px]] | 25 July 2017 | 25 July 2018 | [[2017 Indian presidential election|2017]] | [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari [[Venkaiah Naidu]] |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; _ !'''[[Venkaiah Naidu|M. Venkaiah Naidu]]''' <small>(1949–)</small> | |25 July 2018 |25 July 2018 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Venkaiah Naidu |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; (16) ![[Ram Nath Kovind]] {{small|(1945–)}} |[[File:Ram Nath Kovind official portrait.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2018 |25 July 2022 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Venkaiah Naidu]] |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;17 ! [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br>{{small|(1958-)}} |[[File:Droupadi Murmu June 2022.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2022 |11 August 2022 |[[2022 Indian presidential election|2022]] |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Venkaiah Naidu [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;– !'''[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]''' <small>(1951–)</small> | |11 August 2022 |11 August 2022 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;17 ! [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br>{{small|(1958-)}} |[[File:Droupadi Murmu June 2022.jpg|60px]] |11 August 2022 |25 July 2025 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;18 ! [[Narendra Modi]]<small>(1950–)</small> | |25 July 2025 |Incumbent |— |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- ! colspan="8" | |- !align="center" style="background-color: #808000" |19 ![[Javed Khans]]<small>(1996–)</small> | |25 July 2025 |''Incumbent'' | |Ine |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- |} ==Timeline== ;Timeline {{#tag:timeline| ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:20 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:50 right:130 left:20 AlignBars = late Colors = id:INC value:rgb(0.435,0.85,0.866) legend:INC id:JP value:blue legend:JP id:BJP value:orange legend:BJP id:idp value:gray(0.8) legend:Independent id:gray1 value:gray(0.8) Define $today = {{#time:d/m/Y}} DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1950 till:$today TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:10 start:1950 Legend = columns:4 left:150 top:24 columnwidth:100 TextData = pos:(20,27) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"Political Party:" BarData = barset:PREZ PlotData= width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:PREZ from: 26/01/1950 till: 13/05/1962 color:INC text:"[[Rajendra Prasad|Prasad]]" fontsize:10 from: 13/05/1962 till: 13/05/1967 color:idp text:"[[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan|Radhakrishnan]]" fontsize:10 from: 13/05/1967 till: 03/05/1969 color:idp text:"[[Zakir Husain (politician)|Husain]]" fontsize:10 from: 03/05/1969 till: 20/07/1969 color:idp text:"[[Varahagiri Venkata Giri|Giri]] (acting)" fontsize:10 from: 20/07/1969 till: 24/08/1969 color:idp text:"[[Mohammad Hidayatullah|Hidayatullah]] (acting)" fontsize:10 from: 24/08/1969 till: 24/08/1974 color:idp text:"[[Varahagiri Venkata Giri|Giri]]" fontsize:10 from: 24/08/1974 till: 11/02/1977 color:INC text:"[[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed|Ahmed]]" fontsize:10 from: 11/02/1977 till: 25/07/1977 color:INC text:"[[Basappa Danappa Jatti|Jatti]] (acting)" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1977 till: 25/07/1982 color:JP text:"[[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy|Reddy]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1982 till: 25/07/1987 color:INC text:"[[Zail Singh|Singh]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1987 till: 25/07/1992 color:INC text:"[[Ramaswamy Venkataraman|Venkataraman]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1992 till: 25/07/1997 color:INC text:"[[Shankar Dayal Sharma|Sharma]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1997 till: 25/07/2002 color:INC text:"[[Kocheril Raman Narayanan|Narayanan]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2002 till: 25/07/2007 color:idp text:"[[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|Kalam]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2007 till: 25/07/2012 color:INC text:"[[Pratibha Patil|Patil]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2012 till: 25/07/2017 color:INC text:"[[Pranab Mukherjee|Mukherjee]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2017 till: 25/07/2022 color:BJP text:"[[Ram Nath Kovind|Kovind]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2022 till:end color:BJP text:"[[Droupadi Murmu|Murmu]]" fontsize:10 }} ==References== {{refbegin}} * {{cite web|url =http://www.presidentofindia.nic.in/former-presidents.htm|title = Former Presidents|publisher=President’s Secretariat|access-date = 29 November 2008}} * {{cite web |url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/presidents_1952.aspx |title =List of Presidents/Vice Presidents |publisher =Election Commission of India |access-date =29 November 2008 |archive-date =11 January 2012 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120111111610/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/presidents_1952.aspx |url-status =dead }} {{refend}} {{Reflist|30em}} ==Other websites== * [http://presidentofindia.nic.in/ Official website of the President of India] * [http://im.rediff.com/news/2007/jul/25kbk.gif Rediff.com – Presidents of India] * [http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/18/stories/2007071855791100.htm The Hindu – A presidential poll in the coalition age] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911192724/http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/18/stories/2007071855791100.htm |date=2007-09-11 }} * [http://www.zeenews.com/news383392.html Zee News: Former Presidents] * [http://india-gk.in/list-of-president-of-india/ India-Gk: List of President of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717085523/https://india-gk.in/list-of-president-of-india/ |date=2019-07-17 }} [[Category:Presidents of India|*]] [[Category:Lists of Indian politicians|Presidents]] [[Category:Lists of national presidents|India]] 5zo2xxw890ill598qbhctlam17zsml9 10369174 10369170 2025-07-03T08:13:00Z 2409:40D4:2052:8203:8000:0:0:0 10369174 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''[[President of India]]''' is the [[head of state]] of the [[Republic of India]]. This is the list of individuals who were presidents of the republic. ==List of presidents of India== {{For|historical heads of state in the Indian Subcontinent|List of heads of state of India}} ===Company rule in India=== {{Main|Company rule in India}} ===British Raj=== {{Main|British Raj}} === Provisional Government to Indian independence === {{Main|Provisional Government of India}} [[File:Indian,German and Turkish delegates of Niedermayer Mission.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Mahendra Pratap (centre), President of the [[Provisional Government of India]], at the head of [[Niedermayer–Hentig Expedition|the Mission]] with the German and Turkish delegates in Kabul, 1915. Seated to his right is [[Werner Otto von Hentig]].]] On 1 December 1915 Pratap established the first [[Provisional Government of India]] at [[Kabul]] in Afghanistan as a [[government-in-exile]]<ref>{{Cite news|title = Looking back at the times|url = http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/seminar-at-the-aligarh-muslim-university-highlighted-the-contribution-of-its-alumni-including-that-of-raja-mahendra-pratap-in-indias-freedom-struggle/article6830815.ece|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 28 January 2015|access-date = 29 October 2015|issn = 0971-751X}}</ref> of Free Hindustan, with himself as President, [[Maulavi Barkatullah]] as Prime Minister, and Maulana [[Ubaidullah Sindhi]] as Home Minister, declaring [[jihad]] on the British.<ref>Contributions of Raja Mahendra Prata by [[Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman]], International Seminar on Raja Mahendra Pratap & Barkatullah Bhopali|[[Maulavi Barkatullah]], Barkatulla University, Bhopal, 1–3 December 2005.</ref> Anti-British forces supported his movement, but because of obvious loyalty to the British, the Amir kept on delaying the expedition to overthrow British rule in India.{{Citation needed|date= April 2020}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="98%" ! scope="col" |# ! scope="col" width="25%" |Name (birth–death) ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Photograph ! scope="col" |Elected ! scope="col" |Took office ! scope="col" |Left office ! scope="col" |Vice President ! colspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable" |Party |- ! colspan="9" |Provisional Government of India |- !1 |[[Mahendra Pratap]] | |— |1915 |1919 |[[Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah]] | | |- !2 |[[Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah]] | |— |1919 |1919 |[[Mahendra Pratap]] | | |} ===British Raj=== {{Main|British Raj}} ===Governor-General=== {{main|List of governors-general of India}} ===President of the Executive Council=== [[Purna Swaraj|Interim Government of India]] The '''Declaration of Purna Swaraj''' was a [[Resolution (law)|resolution]] which was passed in 1930 because of the dissatisfaction among the Indian masses regarding the British offer of [[Dominion|Dominion status]] to [[British Raj|India]]. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! # ! style="width:17em" |Name ! Portrait ! colspan="2" |Term of office ! style="width:8em" |Political party |- ! 1 | '''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]''' | | 1928 | 1941 | [[Indian National Congress]] |- |} ===Subhas Chandra Bose Provisional Government to Indian independence === The '''Provisional Government of Free India''' or, more simply, '''[[Azad Hind]]''',<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Rudolph |first=Lloyd I. |author2=Hoeber Rudolph, Susanne |title=Explaining Indian Democracy: The realm of institutions: state formation and institutional change |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]; Original from: [[University of California Press]] |year=2008 |page=58 |isbn=978-0-19-569365-2}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Ghose |first=Sankar |title=Political ideas and movements in India |publisher=Allied Publishers; Original from: [[University of Michigan Press]] |year=1975 |page=136 }}</ref> was a short-lived Japanese-controlled provisional government in India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Pant |first=H. V. |title=The Routledge Handbook of Indian Defence Policy: Themes, Structures and Doctrines |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-000-07435-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YbfjDwAAQBAJ |page=72}}</ref> It was established in [[Japanese occupation of Singapore|Japanese occupied Singapore]] during [[World War II]] in October 1943 and has been considered [[List of World War II puppet states|a puppet state]] of the [[Empire of Japan]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cribb |first1=R. |last2=Li |first2=N. |title=Imperial Japan and National Identities in Asia, 1895–1945 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-000-14401-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-pzyDwAAQBAJ |page=242|quote=Japanese postal authorities prepared stamps for use in the foreshadowed puppet state of Azad Hind}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Dunphy |first=J. J. |title=Unsung Heroes of the Dachau Trials: The Investigative Work of the U.S. Army 7708 War Crimes Group, 1945–1947 |publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-4766-3337-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6tt8DwAAQBAJ |page=116|quote=Imperial Japan in 1943 had established a puppet state known as the Provisional Government of Free India}}</ref><ref name="toye" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="98%" ! scope="col" |# ! scope="col" width="25%" |Name (birth–death) ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Photograph ! scope="col" |Elected ! scope="col" |Took office ! scope="col" |Left office ! scope="col" |Vice President ! colspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable" |Party |- ! colspan="9" |Provisional Government of India |- !1 |[[Subhas Chandra Bose]] | |— |1941 |1945 |[[Mohan Singh]] and [[Iwaichi Fujiwara]] founders of the [[First Indian National Army]] | | |} ===President of the Executive Council=== [[Interim Government of India]] The '''Interim Government of India''', also known as the '''Provisional Government of India''', formed on 1945<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/interim-government/1/463170.html|title=India's first government was formed today: All you need to know|access-date=2016-05-27|archive-date=2017-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225203558/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/interim-government/1/463170.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> from the newly elected [[Constituent Assembly of India]], had the task of assisting the transition of [[British Raj|British India]] to independence. It remained in place until 15 August 1947, the date of the independence (and [[Partition of India|partition]]) of British India, and the creation of the dominions of [[Dominion of India|India]] and [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]].<ref name="A">{{cite book|title=Constitutional history of India, including the nationalist movement|pages=200–10|author=Vidya Dhar Mahajan|author-link=Vidya Dhar Mahajan|publisher=S. Chand|year=1971}}</ref><ref name="B">{{cite web|title=Office of the Historian – Countries – India|url=https://history.state.gov/countries/india|publisher=[[U.S. State Department]]|access-date=2009-08-16}}</ref><ref name="C">{{cite book|title=History of Modern India, 1707 A. D. to 2000 A. D.|author=Radhey Shyam Chaurasia|pages=300–400|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors|year=2002|isbn=978-81-269-0085-5}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! # ! style="width:17em" |Name ! Portrait ! colspan="2" |Term of office ! style="width:8em" |Political party |- ! 1 | '''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]''' [[List of prime ministers of India|Vice-President of the Executive Council]]<br> [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|External Affairs & Commonwealth Relations]]<br> | | 1945 | 15 August<br>1947 | [[Indian National Congress]] |- |} ===Governor-General=== {{main|List of governors-general of India}} The Dominion of India remained "India" in common parlance but was geographically reduced by the lands that went to Pakistan, as a separate dominion. Under the Act, the King remained the monarch of India but the British government relinquished all responsibility for administering its former territories. The government also revoked its treaty rights with the rulers of the princely states and advised them to join in a political union with India or Pakistan. Accordingly, one of the British monarch's regnal titles, "[[Emperor of India]]," was abandoned. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !rowspan=2|# !rowspan=2|Governor-General<br>{{small|(Birth–Death)}} !rowspan=2|Portrait !colspan=2|Tenure !rowspan=2|Monarch !rowspan=2|[[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] |- !Took office !Left office |- ! 1 ! [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|The Rt. Hon. The Earl Mountbatten of Burma]]<br>{{small|(1900–1979)}} | [[File:Lord Mountbatten 4 Allan Warren.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|15 August}} 1947 | {{nowrap|21 June}} 1948 | rowspan=2 |George VI | rowspan=2 |[[Jawaharlal Nehru|Nehru]] |- ! 2 ! [[C. Rajagopalachari|Chakravarti Rajagopalachari]]<br>{{small|(1878–1972)}} | [[File:C Rajagopalachari Feb 17 2011.JPG|60px]] | {{nowrap|21 June}} 1948 | {{nowrap|26 January}} 1950 |- |} ===President of India (1950–present)=== {{legend|{{party color|Independent politician}}" | President was an Independent candidate (4)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |President was a candidate of [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) (8)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |President was a candidate of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) (2)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Janata Party}}" |President was a candidate of the [[Janata Party]] (JP) (1)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} ;Key <sup>{{Dagger|alt=Died in office}}</sup>-Died in office<br /><sup>[[File:Invertedcross1.jpg|5px|alt=Did not complete assigned term]]</sup>-Resigned<br /> {|class="wikitable sortable" id="pm list" style="width:100%; text-align:center" |- ! rowspan="2" |# ! rowspan="2" |President<br>{{small|(birth–death)}} ! rowspan="2" |Portrait ! colspan="2" |Tenure ! rowspan="2" |Elected ! rowspan="2" |Political party ! rowspan="2" |[[List of vice presidents of India|Vice president]] |- !Took office !Left office |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 1 ! [[Rajendra Prasad]]<br>{{small|(1884–1963)}} | [[File:Rajendra Prasad (Indian President), signed image for Walter Nash (NZ Prime Minister), 1958 (16017609534).jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|26 January}} 1950 | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1962 |[[1950 Indian presidential election|1950]]<br>[[1952 Indian presidential election|1952]]<br>[[1955 Indian presidential election|1955]] <br>[[1957 Indian presidential election|1957]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan |- ! 2 ! [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan|Sir Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]<br>{{small|(1888–1975)}} | [[File:Photograph of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan presented to First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy in 1962.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1962 | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1967 | [[1962 Indian presidential election|1962]] <br>[[1965 Indian presidential election|1965]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]] |- ! 3 ! [[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]]<br>{{small|(1897–1969)}} | [[File:President Zakir Husain 1998 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1967 | {{nowrap|3 May}} 1969<br>{{small|(''died in office.'')}} | [[1967 Indian presidential election|1967]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] | rowspan="3" |[[V. V. Giri]] |- ! 4 ! [[V. V. Giri]]<br>{{small|(1894–1980)}} | [[File:10) V.V GIRI AUTOGRAPHED PENCIL SKETCH.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|3 May }} 1969 | {{nowrap|20 July}} 1969 | [[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |- ! 5 !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} | [[File:Justice M. Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|20 July}} 1969 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1969 |[[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |- ! (4) ! [[V. V. Giri]]<br>{{small|(1894–1980)}} | [[File:V.V.Giri.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1969 | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 | [[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Gopal Swarup Pathak]] |- !– ![[Gopal Swarup Pathak]]<br>(1896–1982) | |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak |- !(4) ![[V. V. Giri]] {{small|(1894–1980)}} |[[File:10) V.V GIRI AUTOGRAPHED PENCIL SKETCH.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1974 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 6 ! [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]]<br>{{small|(1905–1977)}} | [[File:Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed 1977 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1974 | {{nowrap|11 February}} 1977<br>{{small|(''died in office.'')}} | [[1974 Indian presidential election|1974]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak B. D. Jatti |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 7 ![[B. D. Jatti]]<br>{{small|(1912–2002)}} | [[File:B.D Jatti (enhanced).jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|11 February}} 1977 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1977<br> |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |B. D. Jatti |- !style="background:#1F75FE;" |&nbsp; 8 ![[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]<br>{{small|(1913–1996)}} | [[File:NeelamSanjeevaReddy.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1977 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1982 | [[1977 Indian presidential election|1977]] | [[Janata Party]] |B. D. Jatti Mohammad Hidayatullah |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;9 ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1982 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |[[1982 Indian presidential election|1982]] |[[Indian National Congress]] | rowspan="4" |Mohammad Hidayatullah |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (5) !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} |[[File:Justice_M._Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (9) ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (5) !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} |[[File:Justice_M._Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- br > Gandhi !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (9) ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1987 |<br>[[1984 Indian presidential election|1984]] |[[Indian National Congress]] |Ramaswamy Venkataraman |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 10 ! [[R. Venkataraman]]<br>{{small|(1910–2009)}} | [[File:R Venkataraman.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1987 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1992 | [[1987 Indian presidential election|1987]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Shankar Dayal Sharma |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 11 ![[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]<br>{{small|(1918–1999)}} | [[File:Shankar Dayal Sharma 36.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1992 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1997 | [[1992 Indian presidential election|1992]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |K. R. Narayanan |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 12 ! [[K. R. Narayanan]]<br>{{small|(1920–2005)}} | [[File:K. R. Narayanan.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1997 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 | [[1997 Indian presidential election|1997]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |[[Krishan Kant]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– !'''[[Krishan Kant]]''' <small>(1927–2002)</small> | |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Krishan Kant |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(12) ![[K. R. Narayanan]] {{small|(1920–2005)}} |[[File:K. R. Narayanan.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2002 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Krishan Kant |- ! 13 ! [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]<br>{{small|(1931–2015)}} | [[File:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam in 2008.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2002 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 | [[2002 Indian presidential election|2002]] |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Krishan Kant [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !– !'''[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]''' <small>(1923–2010)</small> | |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !(13) ![[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] {{small|(1931–2015)}} |[[File:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam in 2008.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2007 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 14 ! [[Pratibha Patil]]<br>{{small|(1934–)}} | [[File:PratibhaIndia.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2007 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2010 | [[2007 Indian presidential election|2007]] | [[Indian National Congress]] | rowspan="4" |[[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– ![[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]<small>(1937–)</small> | |25 July 2010 |25 July 2010 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(14) ![[Pratibha Patil]] {{small|(1934–)}} |[[File:PratibhaIndia.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2010 |25 July 2012 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |- ! style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 15 ![[Pranab Mukherjee]]<br>{{small|(1935–2020)}} | [[File:Pranab Mukherjee Portrait.jpg|60px]] | 25 July 2012 | 25 July 2016 | [[2012 Indian presidential election|2012]] |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– ![[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]<small>(1937–)</small> | |25 July 2016 |25 July 2016 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(15) ![[Pranab Mukherjee]] {{small|(1935–2020)}} | [[File:Pranab Mukherjee Portrait.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2016 |25 July 2017 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; 16 ! [[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br>{{small|(1945–)}} | [[File:Ram Nath Kovind official portrait.jpg|60px]] | 25 July 2017 | 25 July 2018 | [[2017 Indian presidential election|2017]] | [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari [[Venkaiah Naidu]] |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; _ !'''[[Venkaiah Naidu|M. Venkaiah Naidu]]''' <small>(1949–)</small> | |25 July 2018 |25 July 2018 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Venkaiah Naidu |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; (16) ![[Ram Nath Kovind]] {{small|(1945–)}} |[[File:Ram Nath Kovind official portrait.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2018 |25 July 2022 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Venkaiah Naidu]] |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;17 ! [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br>{{small|(1958-)}} |[[File:Droupadi Murmu June 2022.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2022 |11 August 2022 |[[2022 Indian presidential election|2022]] |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Venkaiah Naidu [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;– !'''[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]''' <small>(1951–)</small> | |11 August 2022 |11 August 2022 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;17 ! [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br>{{small|(1958-)}} |[[File:Droupadi Murmu June 2022.jpg|60px]] |11 August 2022 |25 July 2025 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;18 ! [[Narendra Modi]]<small>(1950–)</small> | |25 July 2025 |Incumbent |— |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- ! colspan="8" |Armed forces who staged a military coup against the government and seized power. |- !align="center" style="background-color: #808000" |19 ![[Javed Khans]]<small>(1996–)</small> | |25 July 2025 |''Incumbent'' | |Ine |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- |} ==Timeline== ;Timeline {{#tag:timeline| ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:20 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:50 right:130 left:20 AlignBars = late Colors = id:INC value:rgb(0.435,0.85,0.866) legend:INC id:JP value:blue legend:JP id:BJP value:orange legend:BJP id:idp value:gray(0.8) legend:Independent id:gray1 value:gray(0.8) Define $today = {{#time:d/m/Y}} DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1950 till:$today TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:10 start:1950 Legend = columns:4 left:150 top:24 columnwidth:100 TextData = pos:(20,27) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"Political Party:" BarData = barset:PREZ PlotData= width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:PREZ from: 26/01/1950 till: 13/05/1962 color:INC text:"[[Rajendra Prasad|Prasad]]" fontsize:10 from: 13/05/1962 till: 13/05/1967 color:idp text:"[[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan|Radhakrishnan]]" fontsize:10 from: 13/05/1967 till: 03/05/1969 color:idp text:"[[Zakir Husain (politician)|Husain]]" fontsize:10 from: 03/05/1969 till: 20/07/1969 color:idp text:"[[Varahagiri Venkata Giri|Giri]] (acting)" fontsize:10 from: 20/07/1969 till: 24/08/1969 color:idp text:"[[Mohammad Hidayatullah|Hidayatullah]] (acting)" fontsize:10 from: 24/08/1969 till: 24/08/1974 color:idp text:"[[Varahagiri Venkata Giri|Giri]]" fontsize:10 from: 24/08/1974 till: 11/02/1977 color:INC text:"[[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed|Ahmed]]" fontsize:10 from: 11/02/1977 till: 25/07/1977 color:INC text:"[[Basappa Danappa Jatti|Jatti]] (acting)" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1977 till: 25/07/1982 color:JP text:"[[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy|Reddy]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1982 till: 25/07/1987 color:INC text:"[[Zail Singh|Singh]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1987 till: 25/07/1992 color:INC text:"[[Ramaswamy Venkataraman|Venkataraman]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1992 till: 25/07/1997 color:INC text:"[[Shankar Dayal Sharma|Sharma]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1997 till: 25/07/2002 color:INC text:"[[Kocheril Raman Narayanan|Narayanan]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2002 till: 25/07/2007 color:idp text:"[[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|Kalam]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2007 till: 25/07/2012 color:INC text:"[[Pratibha Patil|Patil]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2012 till: 25/07/2017 color:INC text:"[[Pranab Mukherjee|Mukherjee]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2017 till: 25/07/2022 color:BJP text:"[[Ram Nath Kovind|Kovind]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2022 till:end color:BJP text:"[[Droupadi Murmu|Murmu]]" fontsize:10 }} ==References== {{refbegin}} * {{cite web|url =http://www.presidentofindia.nic.in/former-presidents.htm|title = Former Presidents|publisher=President’s Secretariat|access-date = 29 November 2008}} * {{cite web |url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/presidents_1952.aspx |title =List of Presidents/Vice Presidents |publisher =Election Commission of India |access-date =29 November 2008 |archive-date =11 January 2012 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120111111610/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/presidents_1952.aspx |url-status =dead }} {{refend}} {{Reflist|30em}} ==Other websites== * [http://presidentofindia.nic.in/ Official website of the President of India] * [http://im.rediff.com/news/2007/jul/25kbk.gif Rediff.com – Presidents of India] * [http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/18/stories/2007071855791100.htm The Hindu – A presidential poll in the coalition age] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911192724/http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/18/stories/2007071855791100.htm |date=2007-09-11 }} * [http://www.zeenews.com/news383392.html Zee News: Former Presidents] * [http://india-gk.in/list-of-president-of-india/ India-Gk: List of President of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717085523/https://india-gk.in/list-of-president-of-india/ |date=2019-07-17 }} [[Category:Presidents of India|*]] [[Category:Lists of Indian politicians|Presidents]] [[Category:Lists of national presidents|India]] 2d5vndvbvbaf988aezv95wj9u8frqva 10369180 10369174 2025-07-03T08:15:11Z 2409:40D4:2052:8203:8000:0:0:0 10369180 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''[[President of India]]''' is the [[head of state]] of the [[Republic of India]]. This is the list of individuals who were presidents of the republic. ==List of presidents of India== {{For|historical heads of state in the Indian Subcontinent|List of heads of state of India}} ===Company rule in India=== {{Main|Company rule in India}} ===British Raj=== {{Main|British Raj}} === Provisional Government to Indian independence === {{Main|Provisional Government of India}} [[File:Indian,German and Turkish delegates of Niedermayer Mission.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Mahendra Pratap (centre), President of the [[Provisional Government of India]], at the head of [[Niedermayer–Hentig Expedition|the Mission]] with the German and Turkish delegates in Kabul, 1915. Seated to his right is [[Werner Otto von Hentig]].]] On 1 December 1915 Pratap established the first [[Provisional Government of India]] at [[Kabul]] in Afghanistan as a [[government-in-exile]]<ref>{{Cite news|title = Looking back at the times|url = http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/seminar-at-the-aligarh-muslim-university-highlighted-the-contribution-of-its-alumni-including-that-of-raja-mahendra-pratap-in-indias-freedom-struggle/article6830815.ece|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 28 January 2015|access-date = 29 October 2015|issn = 0971-751X}}</ref> of Free Hindustan, with himself as President, [[Maulavi Barkatullah]] as Prime Minister, and Maulana [[Ubaidullah Sindhi]] as Home Minister, declaring [[jihad]] on the British.<ref>Contributions of Raja Mahendra Prata by [[Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman]], International Seminar on Raja Mahendra Pratap & Barkatullah Bhopali|[[Maulavi Barkatullah]], Barkatulla University, Bhopal, 1–3 December 2005.</ref> Anti-British forces supported his movement, but because of obvious loyalty to the British, the Amir kept on delaying the expedition to overthrow British rule in India.{{Citation needed|date= April 2020}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="98%" ! scope="col" |# ! scope="col" width="25%" |Name (birth–death) ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Photograph ! scope="col" |Elected ! scope="col" |Took office ! scope="col" |Left office ! scope="col" |Vice President ! colspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable" |Party |- ! colspan="9" |Provisional Government of India |- !1 |[[Mahendra Pratap]] | |— |1915 |1919 |[[Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah]] | | |- !2 |[[Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah]] | |— |1919 |1919 |[[Mahendra Pratap]] | | |} ===British Raj=== {{Main|British Raj}} ===Governor-General=== {{main|List of governors-general of India}} ===President of the Executive Council=== [[Purna Swaraj|Interim Government of India]] The '''Declaration of Purna Swaraj''' was a [[Resolution (law)|resolution]] which was passed in 1930 because of the dissatisfaction among the Indian masses regarding the British offer of [[Dominion|Dominion status]] to [[British Raj|India]]. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! # ! style="width:17em" |Name ! Portrait ! colspan="2" |Term of office ! style="width:8em" |Political party |- ! 1 | '''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]''' | | 1928 | 1941 | [[Indian National Congress]] |- |} ===Subhas Chandra Bose Provisional Government to Indian independence === The '''Provisional Government of Free India''' or, more simply, '''[[Azad Hind]]''',<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Rudolph |first=Lloyd I. |author2=Hoeber Rudolph, Susanne |title=Explaining Indian Democracy: The realm of institutions: state formation and institutional change |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]; Original from: [[University of California Press]] |year=2008 |page=58 |isbn=978-0-19-569365-2}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Ghose |first=Sankar |title=Political ideas and movements in India |publisher=Allied Publishers; Original from: [[University of Michigan Press]] |year=1975 |page=136 }}</ref> was a short-lived Japanese-controlled provisional government in India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Pant |first=H. V. |title=The Routledge Handbook of Indian Defence Policy: Themes, Structures and Doctrines |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-000-07435-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YbfjDwAAQBAJ |page=72}}</ref> It was established in [[Japanese occupation of Singapore|Japanese occupied Singapore]] during [[World War II]] in October 1943 and has been considered [[List of World War II puppet states|a puppet state]] of the [[Empire of Japan]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cribb |first1=R. |last2=Li |first2=N. |title=Imperial Japan and National Identities in Asia, 1895–1945 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-000-14401-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-pzyDwAAQBAJ |page=242|quote=Japanese postal authorities prepared stamps for use in the foreshadowed puppet state of Azad Hind}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Dunphy |first=J. J. |title=Unsung Heroes of the Dachau Trials: The Investigative Work of the U.S. Army 7708 War Crimes Group, 1945–1947 |publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-4766-3337-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6tt8DwAAQBAJ |page=116|quote=Imperial Japan in 1943 had established a puppet state known as the Provisional Government of Free India}}</ref><ref name="toye" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="98%" ! scope="col" |# ! scope="col" width="25%" |Name (birth–death) ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Photograph ! scope="col" |Elected ! scope="col" |Took office ! scope="col" |Left office ! scope="col" |Vice President ! colspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable" |Party |- ! colspan="9" |Provisional Government of India |- !1 |[[Subhas Chandra Bose]] | |— |1941 |1945 |[[Mohan Singh]] and [[Iwaichi Fujiwara]] founders of the [[First Indian National Army]] | | |} ===President of the Executive Council=== [[Interim Government of India]] The '''Interim Government of India''', also known as the '''Provisional Government of India''', formed on 1945<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/interim-government/1/463170.html|title=India's first government was formed today: All you need to know|access-date=2016-05-27|archive-date=2017-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225203558/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/interim-government/1/463170.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> from the newly elected [[Constituent Assembly of India]], had the task of assisting the transition of [[British Raj|British India]] to independence. It remained in place until 15 August 1947, the date of the independence (and [[Partition of India|partition]]) of British India, and the creation of the dominions of [[Dominion of India|India]] and [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]].<ref name="A">{{cite book|title=Constitutional history of India, including the nationalist movement|pages=200–10|author=Vidya Dhar Mahajan|author-link=Vidya Dhar Mahajan|publisher=S. Chand|year=1971}}</ref><ref name="B">{{cite web|title=Office of the Historian – Countries – India|url=https://history.state.gov/countries/india|publisher=[[U.S. State Department]]|access-date=2009-08-16}}</ref><ref name="C">{{cite book|title=History of Modern India, 1707 A. D. to 2000 A. D.|author=Radhey Shyam Chaurasia|pages=300–400|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors|year=2002|isbn=978-81-269-0085-5}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! # ! style="width:17em" |Name ! Portrait ! colspan="2" |Term of office ! style="width:8em" |Political party |- ! 1 | '''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]''' [[List of prime ministers of India|Vice-President of the Executive Council]]<br> [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|External Affairs & Commonwealth Relations]]<br> | | 1945 | 15 August<br>1947 | [[Indian National Congress]] |- |} ===Governor-General=== {{main|List of governors-general of India}} The Dominion of India remained "India" in common parlance but was geographically reduced by the lands that went to Pakistan, as a separate dominion. Under the Act, the King remained the monarch of India but the British government relinquished all responsibility for administering its former territories. The government also revoked its treaty rights with the rulers of the princely states and advised them to join in a political union with India or Pakistan. Accordingly, one of the British monarch's regnal titles, "[[Emperor of India]]," was abandoned. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !rowspan=2|# !rowspan=2|Governor-General<br>{{small|(Birth–Death)}} !rowspan=2|Portrait !colspan=2|Tenure !rowspan=2|Monarch !rowspan=2|[[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] |- !Took office !Left office |- ! 1 ! [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|The Rt. Hon. The Earl Mountbatten of Burma]]<br>{{small|(1900–1979)}} | [[File:Lord Mountbatten 4 Allan Warren.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|15 August}} 1947 | {{nowrap|21 June}} 1948 | rowspan=2 |George VI | rowspan=2 |[[Jawaharlal Nehru|Nehru]] |- ! 2 ! [[C. Rajagopalachari|Chakravarti Rajagopalachari]]<br>{{small|(1878–1972)}} | [[File:C Rajagopalachari Feb 17 2011.JPG|60px]] | {{nowrap|21 June}} 1948 | {{nowrap|26 January}} 1950 |- |} ===President of India (1950–present)=== {{legend|{{party color|Independent politician}}" | President was an Independent candidate (4)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |President was a candidate of [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) (8)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |President was a candidate of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) (2)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Janata Party}}" |President was a candidate of the [[Janata Party]] (JP) (1)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} ;Key <sup>{{Dagger|alt=Died in office}}</sup>-Died in office<br /><sup>[[File:Invertedcross1.jpg|5px|alt=Did not complete assigned term]]</sup>-Resigned<br /> {|class="wikitable sortable" id="pm list" style="width:100%; text-align:center" |- ! rowspan="2" |# ! rowspan="2" |President<br>{{small|(birth–death)}} ! rowspan="2" |Portrait ! colspan="2" |Tenure ! rowspan="2" |Elected ! rowspan="2" |Political party ! rowspan="2" |[[List of vice presidents of India|Vice president]] |- !Took office !Left office |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 1 ! [[Rajendra Prasad]]<br>{{small|(1884–1963)}} | [[File:Rajendra Prasad (Indian President), signed image for Walter Nash (NZ Prime Minister), 1958 (16017609534).jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|26 January}} 1950 | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1962 |[[1950 Indian presidential election|1950]]<br>[[1952 Indian presidential election|1952]]<br>[[1955 Indian presidential election|1955]] <br>[[1957 Indian presidential election|1957]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan |- ! 2 ! [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan|Sir Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]<br>{{small|(1888–1975)}} | [[File:Photograph of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan presented to First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy in 1962.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1962 | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1967 | [[1962 Indian presidential election|1962]] <br>[[1965 Indian presidential election|1965]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]] |- ! 3 ! [[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]]<br>{{small|(1897–1969)}} | [[File:President Zakir Husain 1998 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1967 | {{nowrap|3 May}} 1969<br>{{small|(''died in office.'')}} | [[1967 Indian presidential election|1967]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] | rowspan="3" |[[V. V. Giri]] |- ! 4 ! [[V. V. Giri]]<br>{{small|(1894–1980)}} | [[File:10) V.V GIRI AUTOGRAPHED PENCIL SKETCH.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|3 May }} 1969 | {{nowrap|20 July}} 1969 | [[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |- ! 5 !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} | [[File:Justice M. Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|20 July}} 1969 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1969 |[[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |- ! (4) ! [[V. V. Giri]]<br>{{small|(1894–1980)}} | [[File:V.V.Giri.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1969 | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 | [[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Gopal Swarup Pathak]] |- !– ![[Gopal Swarup Pathak]]<br>(1896–1982) | |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak |- !(4) ![[V. V. Giri]] {{small|(1894–1980)}} |[[File:10) V.V GIRI AUTOGRAPHED PENCIL SKETCH.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1974 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 6 ! [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]]<br>{{small|(1905–1977)}} | [[File:Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed 1977 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1974 | {{nowrap|11 February}} 1977<br>{{small|(''died in office.'')}} | [[1974 Indian presidential election|1974]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak B. D. Jatti |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 7 ![[B. D. Jatti]]<br>{{small|(1912–2002)}} | [[File:B.D Jatti (enhanced).jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|11 February}} 1977 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1977<br> |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |B. D. Jatti |- !style="background:#1F75FE;" |&nbsp; 8 ![[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]<br>{{small|(1913–1996)}} | [[File:NeelamSanjeevaReddy.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1977 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1982 | [[1977 Indian presidential election|1977]] | [[Janata Party]] |B. D. Jatti Mohammad Hidayatullah |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;9 ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1982 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |[[1982 Indian presidential election|1982]] |[[Indian National Congress]] | rowspan="4" |Mohammad Hidayatullah |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (5) !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} |[[File:Justice_M._Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (9) ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (5) !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} |[[File:Justice_M._Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- br > Gandhi !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (9) ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1987 |<br>[[1984 Indian presidential election|1984]] |[[Indian National Congress]] |Ramaswamy Venkataraman |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 10 ! [[R. Venkataraman]]<br>{{small|(1910–2009)}} | [[File:R Venkataraman.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1987 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1992 | [[1987 Indian presidential election|1987]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Shankar Dayal Sharma |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 11 ![[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]<br>{{small|(1918–1999)}} | [[File:Shankar Dayal Sharma 36.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1992 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1997 | [[1992 Indian presidential election|1992]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |K. R. Narayanan |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 12 ! [[K. R. Narayanan]]<br>{{small|(1920–2005)}} | [[File:K. R. Narayanan.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1997 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 | [[1997 Indian presidential election|1997]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |[[Krishan Kant]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– !'''[[Krishan Kant]]''' <small>(1927–2002)</small> | |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Krishan Kant |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(12) ![[K. R. Narayanan]] {{small|(1920–2005)}} |[[File:K. R. Narayanan.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2002 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Krishan Kant |- ! 13 ! [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]<br>{{small|(1931–2015)}} | [[File:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam in 2008.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2002 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 | [[2002 Indian presidential election|2002]] |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Krishan Kant [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !– !'''[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]''' <small>(1923–2010)</small> | |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !(13) ![[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] {{small|(1931–2015)}} |[[File:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam in 2008.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2007 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 14 ! [[Pratibha Patil]]<br>{{small|(1934–)}} | [[File:PratibhaIndia.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2007 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2010 | [[2007 Indian presidential election|2007]] | [[Indian National Congress]] | rowspan="4" |[[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– ![[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]<small>(1937–)</small> | |25 July 2010 |25 July 2010 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(14) ![[Pratibha Patil]] {{small|(1934–)}} |[[File:PratibhaIndia.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2010 |25 July 2012 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |- ! style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 15 ![[Pranab Mukherjee]]<br>{{small|(1935–2020)}} | [[File:Pranab Mukherjee Portrait.jpg|60px]] | 25 July 2012 | 25 July 2016 | [[2012 Indian presidential election|2012]] |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– ![[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]<small>(1937–)</small> | |25 July 2016 |25 July 2016 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(15) ![[Pranab Mukherjee]] {{small|(1935–2020)}} | [[File:Pranab Mukherjee Portrait.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2016 |25 July 2017 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; 16 ! [[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br>{{small|(1945–)}} | [[File:Ram Nath Kovind official portrait.jpg|60px]] | 25 July 2017 | 25 July 2018 | [[2017 Indian presidential election|2017]] | [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari [[Venkaiah Naidu]] |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; _ !'''[[Venkaiah Naidu|M. Venkaiah Naidu]]''' <small>(1949–)</small> | |25 July 2018 |25 July 2018 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Venkaiah Naidu |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; (16) ![[Ram Nath Kovind]] {{small|(1945–)}} |[[File:Ram Nath Kovind official portrait.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2018 |25 July 2022 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Venkaiah Naidu]] |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;17 ! [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br>{{small|(1958-)}} |[[File:Droupadi Murmu June 2022.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2022 |11 August 2022 |[[2022 Indian presidential election|2022]] |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Venkaiah Naidu [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;– !'''[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]''' <small>(1951–)</small> | |11 August 2022 |11 August 2022 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;17 ! [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br>{{small|(1958-)}} |[[File:Droupadi Murmu June 2022.jpg|60px]] |11 August 2022 |25 July 2025 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;18 ! [[Narendra Modi]]<small>(1950–)</small> | |25 July 2025 |Incumbent |— |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- ! colspan="8" |Armed forces who staged a military coup against the government and seized power. |- !align="center" style="background-color: #808000" |19 ![[Javed Khans]]<small>(1996–)</small> | |25 July 2025 |''Incumbent'' | |[[Armed forces]] |Armed forces |- |} ==Timeline== ;Timeline {{#tag:timeline| ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:20 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:50 right:130 left:20 AlignBars = late Colors = id:INC value:rgb(0.435,0.85,0.866) legend:INC id:JP value:blue legend:JP id:BJP value:orange legend:BJP id:idp value:gray(0.8) legend:Independent id:gray1 value:gray(0.8) Define $today = {{#time:d/m/Y}} DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1950 till:$today TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:10 start:1950 Legend = columns:4 left:150 top:24 columnwidth:100 TextData = pos:(20,27) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"Political Party:" BarData = barset:PREZ PlotData= width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:PREZ from: 26/01/1950 till: 13/05/1962 color:INC text:"[[Rajendra Prasad|Prasad]]" fontsize:10 from: 13/05/1962 till: 13/05/1967 color:idp text:"[[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan|Radhakrishnan]]" fontsize:10 from: 13/05/1967 till: 03/05/1969 color:idp text:"[[Zakir Husain (politician)|Husain]]" fontsize:10 from: 03/05/1969 till: 20/07/1969 color:idp text:"[[Varahagiri Venkata Giri|Giri]] (acting)" fontsize:10 from: 20/07/1969 till: 24/08/1969 color:idp text:"[[Mohammad Hidayatullah|Hidayatullah]] (acting)" fontsize:10 from: 24/08/1969 till: 24/08/1974 color:idp text:"[[Varahagiri Venkata Giri|Giri]]" fontsize:10 from: 24/08/1974 till: 11/02/1977 color:INC text:"[[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed|Ahmed]]" fontsize:10 from: 11/02/1977 till: 25/07/1977 color:INC text:"[[Basappa Danappa Jatti|Jatti]] (acting)" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1977 till: 25/07/1982 color:JP text:"[[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy|Reddy]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1982 till: 25/07/1987 color:INC text:"[[Zail Singh|Singh]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1987 till: 25/07/1992 color:INC text:"[[Ramaswamy Venkataraman|Venkataraman]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1992 till: 25/07/1997 color:INC text:"[[Shankar Dayal Sharma|Sharma]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1997 till: 25/07/2002 color:INC text:"[[Kocheril Raman Narayanan|Narayanan]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2002 till: 25/07/2007 color:idp text:"[[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|Kalam]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2007 till: 25/07/2012 color:INC text:"[[Pratibha Patil|Patil]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2012 till: 25/07/2017 color:INC text:"[[Pranab Mukherjee|Mukherjee]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2017 till: 25/07/2022 color:BJP text:"[[Ram Nath Kovind|Kovind]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2022 till:end color:BJP text:"[[Droupadi Murmu|Murmu]]" fontsize:10 }} ==References== {{refbegin}} * {{cite web|url =http://www.presidentofindia.nic.in/former-presidents.htm|title = Former Presidents|publisher=President’s Secretariat|access-date = 29 November 2008}} * {{cite web |url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/presidents_1952.aspx |title =List of Presidents/Vice Presidents |publisher =Election Commission of India |access-date =29 November 2008 |archive-date =11 January 2012 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120111111610/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/presidents_1952.aspx |url-status =dead }} {{refend}} {{Reflist|30em}} ==Other websites== * [http://presidentofindia.nic.in/ Official website of the President of India] * [http://im.rediff.com/news/2007/jul/25kbk.gif Rediff.com – Presidents of India] * [http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/18/stories/2007071855791100.htm The Hindu – A presidential poll in the coalition age] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911192724/http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/18/stories/2007071855791100.htm |date=2007-09-11 }} * [http://www.zeenews.com/news383392.html Zee News: Former Presidents] * [http://india-gk.in/list-of-president-of-india/ India-Gk: List of President of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717085523/https://india-gk.in/list-of-president-of-india/ |date=2019-07-17 }} [[Category:Presidents of India|*]] [[Category:Lists of Indian politicians|Presidents]] [[Category:Lists of national presidents|India]] kwjxx54axnu3n6w86j4qhcau27lmdjn 10369188 10369180 2025-07-03T08:18:29Z 2409:40D4:2052:8203:8000:0:0:0 10369188 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''[[President of India]]''' is the [[head of state]] of the [[Republic of India]]. This is the list of individuals who were presidents of the republic. ==List of presidents of India== {{For|historical heads of state in the Indian Subcontinent|List of heads of state of India}} ===Company rule in India=== {{Main|Company rule in India}} ===British Raj=== {{Main|British Raj}} === Provisional Government to Indian independence === {{Main|Provisional Government of India}} [[File:Indian,German and Turkish delegates of Niedermayer Mission.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Mahendra Pratap (centre), President of the [[Provisional Government of India]], at the head of [[Niedermayer–Hentig Expedition|the Mission]] with the German and Turkish delegates in Kabul, 1915. Seated to his right is [[Werner Otto von Hentig]].]] On 1 December 1915 Pratap established the first [[Provisional Government of India]] at [[Kabul]] in Afghanistan as a [[government-in-exile]]<ref>{{Cite news|title = Looking back at the times|url = http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/seminar-at-the-aligarh-muslim-university-highlighted-the-contribution-of-its-alumni-including-that-of-raja-mahendra-pratap-in-indias-freedom-struggle/article6830815.ece|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 28 January 2015|access-date = 29 October 2015|issn = 0971-751X}}</ref> of Free Hindustan, with himself as President, [[Maulavi Barkatullah]] as Prime Minister, and Maulana [[Ubaidullah Sindhi]] as Home Minister, declaring [[jihad]] on the British.<ref>Contributions of Raja Mahendra Prata by [[Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman]], International Seminar on Raja Mahendra Pratap & Barkatullah Bhopali|[[Maulavi Barkatullah]], Barkatulla University, Bhopal, 1–3 December 2005.</ref> Anti-British forces supported his movement, but because of obvious loyalty to the British, the Amir kept on delaying the expedition to overthrow British rule in India.{{Citation needed|date= April 2020}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="98%" ! scope="col" |# ! scope="col" width="25%" |Name (birth–death) ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Photograph ! scope="col" |Elected ! scope="col" |Took office ! scope="col" |Left office ! scope="col" |Vice President ! colspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable" |Party |- ! colspan="9" |Provisional Government of India |- !1 |[[Mahendra Pratap]] | |— |1915 |1919 |[[Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah]] | | |- !2 |[[Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah]] | |— |1919 |1919 |[[Mahendra Pratap]] | | |} ===British Raj=== {{Main|British Raj}} ===Governor-General=== {{main|List of governors-general of India}} ===President of the Executive Council=== [[Purna Swaraj|Interim Government of India]] The '''Declaration of Purna Swaraj''' was a [[Resolution (law)|resolution]] which was passed in 1930 because of the dissatisfaction among the Indian masses regarding the British offer of [[Dominion|Dominion status]] to [[British Raj|India]]. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! # ! style="width:17em" |Name ! Portrait ! colspan="2" |Term of office ! style="width:8em" |Political party |- ! 1 | '''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]''' | | 1928 | 1941 | [[Indian National Congress]] |- |} ===Subhas Chandra Bose Provisional Government to Indian independence === The '''Provisional Government of Free India''' or, more simply, '''[[Azad Hind]]''',<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Rudolph |first=Lloyd I. |author2=Hoeber Rudolph, Susanne |title=Explaining Indian Democracy: The realm of institutions: state formation and institutional change |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]; Original from: [[University of California Press]] |year=2008 |page=58 |isbn=978-0-19-569365-2}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Ghose |first=Sankar |title=Political ideas and movements in India |publisher=Allied Publishers; Original from: [[University of Michigan Press]] |year=1975 |page=136 }}</ref> was a short-lived Japanese-controlled provisional government in India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Pant |first=H. V. |title=The Routledge Handbook of Indian Defence Policy: Themes, Structures and Doctrines |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-000-07435-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YbfjDwAAQBAJ |page=72}}</ref> It was established in [[Japanese occupation of Singapore|Japanese occupied Singapore]] during [[World War II]] in October 1943 and has been considered [[List of World War II puppet states|a puppet state]] of the [[Empire of Japan]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cribb |first1=R. |last2=Li |first2=N. |title=Imperial Japan and National Identities in Asia, 1895–1945 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-000-14401-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-pzyDwAAQBAJ |page=242|quote=Japanese postal authorities prepared stamps for use in the foreshadowed puppet state of Azad Hind}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Dunphy |first=J. J. |title=Unsung Heroes of the Dachau Trials: The Investigative Work of the U.S. Army 7708 War Crimes Group, 1945–1947 |publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-4766-3337-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6tt8DwAAQBAJ |page=116|quote=Imperial Japan in 1943 had established a puppet state known as the Provisional Government of Free India}}</ref><ref name="toye" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="98%" ! scope="col" |# ! scope="col" width="25%" |Name (birth–death) ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Photograph ! scope="col" |Elected ! scope="col" |Took office ! scope="col" |Left office ! scope="col" |Vice President ! colspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable" |Party |- ! colspan="9" |Provisional Government of India |- !1 |[[Subhas Chandra Bose]] | |— |1941 |1945 |[[Mohan Singh]] and [[Iwaichi Fujiwara]] founders of the [[First Indian National Army]] | | |} ===President of the Executive Council=== [[Interim Government of India]] The '''Interim Government of India''', also known as the '''Provisional Government of India''', formed on 1945<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/interim-government/1/463170.html|title=India's first government was formed today: All you need to know|access-date=2016-05-27|archive-date=2017-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225203558/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/interim-government/1/463170.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> from the newly elected [[Constituent Assembly of India]], had the task of assisting the transition of [[British Raj|British India]] to independence. It remained in place until 15 August 1947, the date of the independence (and [[Partition of India|partition]]) of British India, and the creation of the dominions of [[Dominion of India|India]] and [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]].<ref name="A">{{cite book|title=Constitutional history of India, including the nationalist movement|pages=200–10|author=Vidya Dhar Mahajan|author-link=Vidya Dhar Mahajan|publisher=S. Chand|year=1971}}</ref><ref name="B">{{cite web|title=Office of the Historian – Countries – India|url=https://history.state.gov/countries/india|publisher=[[U.S. State Department]]|access-date=2009-08-16}}</ref><ref name="C">{{cite book|title=History of Modern India, 1707 A. D. to 2000 A. D.|author=Radhey Shyam Chaurasia|pages=300–400|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors|year=2002|isbn=978-81-269-0085-5}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! # ! style="width:17em" |Name ! Portrait ! colspan="2" |Term of office ! style="width:8em" |Political party |- ! 1 | '''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]''' [[List of prime ministers of India|Vice-President of the Executive Council]]<br> [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|External Affairs & Commonwealth Relations]]<br> | | 1945 | 15 August<br>1947 | [[Indian National Congress]] |- |} ===Governor-General=== {{main|List of governors-general of India}} The Dominion of India remained "India" in common parlance but was geographically reduced by the lands that went to Pakistan, as a separate dominion. Under the Act, the King remained the monarch of India but the British government relinquished all responsibility for administering its former territories. The government also revoked its treaty rights with the rulers of the princely states and advised them to join in a political union with India or Pakistan. Accordingly, one of the British monarch's regnal titles, "[[Emperor of India]]," was abandoned. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !rowspan=2|# !rowspan=2|Governor-General<br>{{small|(Birth–Death)}} !rowspan=2|Portrait !colspan=2|Tenure !rowspan=2|Monarch !rowspan=2|[[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] |- !Took office !Left office |- ! 1 ! [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|The Rt. Hon. The Earl Mountbatten of Burma]]<br>{{small|(1900–1979)}} | [[File:Lord Mountbatten 4 Allan Warren.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|15 August}} 1947 | {{nowrap|21 June}} 1948 | rowspan=2 |George VI | rowspan=2 |[[Jawaharlal Nehru|Nehru]] |- ! 2 ! [[C. Rajagopalachari|Chakravarti Rajagopalachari]]<br>{{small|(1878–1972)}} | [[File:C Rajagopalachari Feb 17 2011.JPG|60px]] | {{nowrap|21 June}} 1948 | {{nowrap|26 January}} 1950 |- |} ===President of India (1950–present)=== {{legend|{{party color|Independent politician}}" | President was an Independent candidate (4)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |President was a candidate of [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) (8)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |President was a candidate of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) (2)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Janata Party}}" |President was a candidate of the [[Janata Party]] (JP) (1)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} ;Key <sup>{{Dagger|alt=Died in office}}</sup>-Died in office<br /><sup>[[File:Invertedcross1.jpg|5px|alt=Did not complete assigned term]]</sup>-Resigned<br /> {|class="wikitable sortable" id="pm list" style="width:100%; text-align:center" |- ! rowspan="2" |# ! rowspan="2" |President<br>{{small|(birth–death)}} ! rowspan="2" |Portrait ! colspan="2" |Tenure ! rowspan="2" |Elected ! rowspan="2" |Political party ! rowspan="2" |[[List of vice presidents of India|Vice president]] |- !Took office !Left office |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 1 ! [[Rajendra Prasad]]<br>{{small|(1884–1963)}} | [[File:Rajendra Prasad (Indian President), signed image for Walter Nash (NZ Prime Minister), 1958 (16017609534).jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|26 January}} 1950 | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1962 |[[1950 Indian presidential election|1950]]<br>[[1952 Indian presidential election|1952]]<br>[[1955 Indian presidential election|1955]] <br>[[1957 Indian presidential election|1957]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan |- ! 2 ! [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan|Sir Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]<br>{{small|(1888–1975)}} | [[File:Photograph of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan presented to First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy in 1962.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1962 | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1967 | [[1962 Indian presidential election|1962]] <br>[[1965 Indian presidential election|1965]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]] |- ! 3 ! [[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]]<br>{{small|(1897–1969)}} | [[File:President Zakir Husain 1998 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1967 | {{nowrap|3 May}} 1969<br>{{small|(''died in office.'')}} | [[1967 Indian presidential election|1967]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] | rowspan="3" |[[V. V. Giri]] |- ! 4 ! [[V. V. Giri]]<br>{{small|(1894–1980)}} | [[File:10) V.V GIRI AUTOGRAPHED PENCIL SKETCH.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|3 May }} 1969 | {{nowrap|20 July}} 1969 | [[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |- ! 5 !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} | [[File:Justice M. Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|20 July}} 1969 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1969 |[[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |- ! (4) ! [[V. V. Giri]]<br>{{small|(1894–1980)}} | [[File:V.V.Giri.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1969 | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 | [[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Gopal Swarup Pathak]] |- !– ![[Gopal Swarup Pathak]]<br>(1896–1982) | |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak |- !(4) ![[V. V. Giri]] {{small|(1894–1980)}} |[[File:10) V.V GIRI AUTOGRAPHED PENCIL SKETCH.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1974 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 6 ! [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]]<br>{{small|(1905–1977)}} | [[File:Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed 1977 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1974 | {{nowrap|11 February}} 1977<br>{{small|(''died in office.'')}} | [[1974 Indian presidential election|1974]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak B. D. Jatti |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 7 ![[B. D. Jatti]]<br>{{small|(1912–2002)}} | [[File:B.D Jatti (enhanced).jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|11 February}} 1977 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1977<br> |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |B. D. Jatti |- !style="background:#1F75FE;" |&nbsp; 8 ![[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]<br>{{small|(1913–1996)}} | [[File:NeelamSanjeevaReddy.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1977 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1982 | [[1977 Indian presidential election|1977]] | [[Janata Party]] |B. D. Jatti Mohammad Hidayatullah |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;9 ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1982 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |[[1982 Indian presidential election|1982]] |[[Indian National Congress]] | rowspan="4" |Mohammad Hidayatullah |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (5) !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} |[[File:Justice_M._Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (9) ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (5) !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} |[[File:Justice_M._Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- br > Gandhi !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (9) ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1987 |<br>[[1984 Indian presidential election|1984]] |[[Indian National Congress]] |Ramaswamy Venkataraman |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 10 ! [[R. Venkataraman]]<br>{{small|(1910–2009)}} | [[File:R Venkataraman.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1987 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1992 | [[1987 Indian presidential election|1987]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Shankar Dayal Sharma |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 11 ![[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]<br>{{small|(1918–1999)}} | [[File:Shankar Dayal Sharma 36.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1992 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1997 | [[1992 Indian presidential election|1992]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |K. R. Narayanan |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 12 ! [[K. R. Narayanan]]<br>{{small|(1920–2005)}} | [[File:K. R. Narayanan.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1997 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 | [[1997 Indian presidential election|1997]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |[[Krishan Kant]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– !'''[[Krishan Kant]]''' <small>(1927–2002)</small> | |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Krishan Kant |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(12) ![[K. R. Narayanan]] {{small|(1920–2005)}} |[[File:K. R. Narayanan.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2002 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Krishan Kant |- ! 13 ! [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]<br>{{small|(1931–2015)}} | [[File:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam in 2008.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2002 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 | [[2002 Indian presidential election|2002]] |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Krishan Kant [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !– !'''[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]''' <small>(1923–2010)</small> | |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !(13) ![[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] {{small|(1931–2015)}} |[[File:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam in 2008.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2007 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 14 ! [[Pratibha Patil]]<br>{{small|(1934–)}} | [[File:PratibhaIndia.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2007 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2010 | [[2007 Indian presidential election|2007]] | [[Indian National Congress]] | rowspan="4" |[[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– ![[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]<small>(1937–)</small> | |25 July 2010 |25 July 2010 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(14) ![[Pratibha Patil]] {{small|(1934–)}} |[[File:PratibhaIndia.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2010 |25 July 2012 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |- ! style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 15 ![[Pranab Mukherjee]]<br>{{small|(1935–2020)}} | [[File:Pranab Mukherjee Portrait.jpg|60px]] | 25 July 2012 | 25 July 2016 | [[2012 Indian presidential election|2012]] |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– ![[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]<small>(1937–)</small> | |25 July 2016 |25 July 2016 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(15) ![[Pranab Mukherjee]] {{small|(1935–2020)}} | [[File:Pranab Mukherjee Portrait.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2016 |25 July 2017 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; 16 ! [[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br>{{small|(1945–)}} | [[File:Ram Nath Kovind official portrait.jpg|60px]] | 25 July 2017 | 25 July 2018 | [[2017 Indian presidential election|2017]] | [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari [[Venkaiah Naidu]] |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; _ !'''[[Venkaiah Naidu|M. Venkaiah Naidu]]''' <small>(1949–)</small> | |25 July 2018 |25 July 2018 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Venkaiah Naidu |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; (16) ![[Ram Nath Kovind]] {{small|(1945–)}} |[[File:Ram Nath Kovind official portrait.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2018 |25 July 2022 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Venkaiah Naidu]] |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;17 ! [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br>{{small|(1958-)}} |[[File:Droupadi Murmu June 2022.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2022 |11 August 2022 |[[2022 Indian presidential election|2022]] |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Venkaiah Naidu [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;– !'''[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]''' <small>(1951–)</small> | |11 August 2022 |11 August 2022 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;17 ! [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br>{{small|(1958-)}} |[[File:Droupadi Murmu June 2022.jpg|60px]] |11 August 2022 |25 July 2025 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;18 ! [[Narendra Modi]]<small>(1950–)</small> | |25 July 2025 |Incumbent |— |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- ! colspan="8" |Armed forces who staged a military coup against the government and seized power. |- !align="center" style="background-color: #808000" |19 ![[Javed Khans]]<small>(1996–)</small> | |25 July 2025 |''Incumbent'' | |[[Indian Armed Forces|Military]] |Armed forces |- |} ==Timeline== ;Timeline {{#tag:timeline| ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:20 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:50 right:130 left:20 AlignBars = late Colors = id:INC value:rgb(0.435,0.85,0.866) legend:INC id:JP value:blue legend:JP id:BJP value:orange legend:BJP id:idp value:gray(0.8) legend:Independent id:gray1 value:gray(0.8) Define $today = {{#time:d/m/Y}} DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1950 till:$today TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:10 start:1950 Legend = columns:4 left:150 top:24 columnwidth:100 TextData = pos:(20,27) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"Political Party:" BarData = barset:PREZ PlotData= width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:PREZ from: 26/01/1950 till: 13/05/1962 color:INC text:"[[Rajendra Prasad|Prasad]]" fontsize:10 from: 13/05/1962 till: 13/05/1967 color:idp text:"[[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan|Radhakrishnan]]" fontsize:10 from: 13/05/1967 till: 03/05/1969 color:idp text:"[[Zakir Husain (politician)|Husain]]" fontsize:10 from: 03/05/1969 till: 20/07/1969 color:idp text:"[[Varahagiri Venkata Giri|Giri]] (acting)" fontsize:10 from: 20/07/1969 till: 24/08/1969 color:idp text:"[[Mohammad Hidayatullah|Hidayatullah]] (acting)" fontsize:10 from: 24/08/1969 till: 24/08/1974 color:idp text:"[[Varahagiri Venkata Giri|Giri]]" fontsize:10 from: 24/08/1974 till: 11/02/1977 color:INC text:"[[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed|Ahmed]]" fontsize:10 from: 11/02/1977 till: 25/07/1977 color:INC text:"[[Basappa Danappa Jatti|Jatti]] (acting)" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1977 till: 25/07/1982 color:JP text:"[[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy|Reddy]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1982 till: 25/07/1987 color:INC text:"[[Zail Singh|Singh]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1987 till: 25/07/1992 color:INC text:"[[Ramaswamy Venkataraman|Venkataraman]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1992 till: 25/07/1997 color:INC text:"[[Shankar Dayal Sharma|Sharma]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1997 till: 25/07/2002 color:INC text:"[[Kocheril Raman Narayanan|Narayanan]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2002 till: 25/07/2007 color:idp text:"[[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|Kalam]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2007 till: 25/07/2012 color:INC text:"[[Pratibha Patil|Patil]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2012 till: 25/07/2017 color:INC text:"[[Pranab Mukherjee|Mukherjee]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2017 till: 25/07/2022 color:BJP text:"[[Ram Nath Kovind|Kovind]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2022 till:end color:BJP text:"[[Droupadi Murmu|Murmu]]" fontsize:10 }} ==References== {{refbegin}} * {{cite web|url =http://www.presidentofindia.nic.in/former-presidents.htm|title = Former Presidents|publisher=President’s Secretariat|access-date = 29 November 2008}} * {{cite web |url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/presidents_1952.aspx |title =List of Presidents/Vice Presidents |publisher =Election Commission of India |access-date =29 November 2008 |archive-date =11 January 2012 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120111111610/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/presidents_1952.aspx |url-status =dead }} {{refend}} {{Reflist|30em}} ==Other websites== * [http://presidentofindia.nic.in/ Official website of the President of India] * [http://im.rediff.com/news/2007/jul/25kbk.gif Rediff.com – Presidents of India] * [http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/18/stories/2007071855791100.htm The Hindu – A presidential poll in the coalition age] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911192724/http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/18/stories/2007071855791100.htm |date=2007-09-11 }} * [http://www.zeenews.com/news383392.html Zee News: Former Presidents] * [http://india-gk.in/list-of-president-of-india/ India-Gk: List of President of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717085523/https://india-gk.in/list-of-president-of-india/ |date=2019-07-17 }} [[Category:Presidents of India|*]] [[Category:Lists of Indian politicians|Presidents]] [[Category:Lists of national presidents|India]] jx3a4p9tz43kpjrysndva3jqvdpfgqs 10369192 10369188 2025-07-03T08:19:08Z 2409:40D4:2052:8203:8000:0:0:0 /* President of India (1950–present) */ 10369192 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''[[President of India]]''' is the [[head of state]] of the [[Republic of India]]. This is the list of individuals who were presidents of the republic. ==List of presidents of India== {{For|historical heads of state in the Indian Subcontinent|List of heads of state of India}} ===Company rule in India=== {{Main|Company rule in India}} ===British Raj=== {{Main|British Raj}} === Provisional Government to Indian independence === {{Main|Provisional Government of India}} [[File:Indian,German and Turkish delegates of Niedermayer Mission.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Mahendra Pratap (centre), President of the [[Provisional Government of India]], at the head of [[Niedermayer–Hentig Expedition|the Mission]] with the German and Turkish delegates in Kabul, 1915. Seated to his right is [[Werner Otto von Hentig]].]] On 1 December 1915 Pratap established the first [[Provisional Government of India]] at [[Kabul]] in Afghanistan as a [[government-in-exile]]<ref>{{Cite news|title = Looking back at the times|url = http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/seminar-at-the-aligarh-muslim-university-highlighted-the-contribution-of-its-alumni-including-that-of-raja-mahendra-pratap-in-indias-freedom-struggle/article6830815.ece|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 28 January 2015|access-date = 29 October 2015|issn = 0971-751X}}</ref> of Free Hindustan, with himself as President, [[Maulavi Barkatullah]] as Prime Minister, and Maulana [[Ubaidullah Sindhi]] as Home Minister, declaring [[jihad]] on the British.<ref>Contributions of Raja Mahendra Prata by [[Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman]], International Seminar on Raja Mahendra Pratap & Barkatullah Bhopali|[[Maulavi Barkatullah]], Barkatulla University, Bhopal, 1–3 December 2005.</ref> Anti-British forces supported his movement, but because of obvious loyalty to the British, the Amir kept on delaying the expedition to overthrow British rule in India.{{Citation needed|date= April 2020}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="98%" ! scope="col" |# ! scope="col" width="25%" |Name (birth–death) ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Photograph ! scope="col" |Elected ! scope="col" |Took office ! scope="col" |Left office ! scope="col" |Vice President ! colspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable" |Party |- ! colspan="9" |Provisional Government of India |- !1 |[[Mahendra Pratap]] | |— |1915 |1919 |[[Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah]] | | |- !2 |[[Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah]] | |— |1919 |1919 |[[Mahendra Pratap]] | | |} ===British Raj=== {{Main|British Raj}} ===Governor-General=== {{main|List of governors-general of India}} ===President of the Executive Council=== [[Purna Swaraj|Interim Government of India]] The '''Declaration of Purna Swaraj''' was a [[Resolution (law)|resolution]] which was passed in 1930 because of the dissatisfaction among the Indian masses regarding the British offer of [[Dominion|Dominion status]] to [[British Raj|India]]. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! # ! style="width:17em" |Name ! Portrait ! colspan="2" |Term of office ! style="width:8em" |Political party |- ! 1 | '''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]''' | | 1928 | 1941 | [[Indian National Congress]] |- |} ===Subhas Chandra Bose Provisional Government to Indian independence === The '''Provisional Government of Free India''' or, more simply, '''[[Azad Hind]]''',<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Rudolph |first=Lloyd I. |author2=Hoeber Rudolph, Susanne |title=Explaining Indian Democracy: The realm of institutions: state formation and institutional change |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]; Original from: [[University of California Press]] |year=2008 |page=58 |isbn=978-0-19-569365-2}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Ghose |first=Sankar |title=Political ideas and movements in India |publisher=Allied Publishers; Original from: [[University of Michigan Press]] |year=1975 |page=136 }}</ref> was a short-lived Japanese-controlled provisional government in India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Pant |first=H. V. |title=The Routledge Handbook of Indian Defence Policy: Themes, Structures and Doctrines |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-000-07435-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YbfjDwAAQBAJ |page=72}}</ref> It was established in [[Japanese occupation of Singapore|Japanese occupied Singapore]] during [[World War II]] in October 1943 and has been considered [[List of World War II puppet states|a puppet state]] of the [[Empire of Japan]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cribb |first1=R. |last2=Li |first2=N. |title=Imperial Japan and National Identities in Asia, 1895–1945 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-000-14401-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-pzyDwAAQBAJ |page=242|quote=Japanese postal authorities prepared stamps for use in the foreshadowed puppet state of Azad Hind}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Dunphy |first=J. J. |title=Unsung Heroes of the Dachau Trials: The Investigative Work of the U.S. Army 7708 War Crimes Group, 1945–1947 |publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-4766-3337-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6tt8DwAAQBAJ |page=116|quote=Imperial Japan in 1943 had established a puppet state known as the Provisional Government of Free India}}</ref><ref name="toye" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="98%" ! scope="col" |# ! scope="col" width="25%" |Name (birth–death) ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Photograph ! scope="col" |Elected ! scope="col" |Took office ! scope="col" |Left office ! scope="col" |Vice President ! colspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable" |Party |- ! colspan="9" |Provisional Government of India |- !1 |[[Subhas Chandra Bose]] | |— |1941 |1945 |[[Mohan Singh]] and [[Iwaichi Fujiwara]] founders of the [[First Indian National Army]] | | |} ===President of the Executive Council=== [[Interim Government of India]] The '''Interim Government of India''', also known as the '''Provisional Government of India''', formed on 1945<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/interim-government/1/463170.html|title=India's first government was formed today: All you need to know|access-date=2016-05-27|archive-date=2017-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225203558/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/interim-government/1/463170.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> from the newly elected [[Constituent Assembly of India]], had the task of assisting the transition of [[British Raj|British India]] to independence. It remained in place until 15 August 1947, the date of the independence (and [[Partition of India|partition]]) of British India, and the creation of the dominions of [[Dominion of India|India]] and [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]].<ref name="A">{{cite book|title=Constitutional history of India, including the nationalist movement|pages=200–10|author=Vidya Dhar Mahajan|author-link=Vidya Dhar Mahajan|publisher=S. Chand|year=1971}}</ref><ref name="B">{{cite web|title=Office of the Historian – Countries – India|url=https://history.state.gov/countries/india|publisher=[[U.S. State Department]]|access-date=2009-08-16}}</ref><ref name="C">{{cite book|title=History of Modern India, 1707 A. D. to 2000 A. D.|author=Radhey Shyam Chaurasia|pages=300–400|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors|year=2002|isbn=978-81-269-0085-5}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! # ! style="width:17em" |Name ! Portrait ! colspan="2" |Term of office ! style="width:8em" |Political party |- ! 1 | '''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]''' [[List of prime ministers of India|Vice-President of the Executive Council]]<br> [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|External Affairs & Commonwealth Relations]]<br> | | 1945 | 15 August<br>1947 | [[Indian National Congress]] |- |} ===Governor-General=== {{main|List of governors-general of India}} The Dominion of India remained "India" in common parlance but was geographically reduced by the lands that went to Pakistan, as a separate dominion. Under the Act, the King remained the monarch of India but the British government relinquished all responsibility for administering its former territories. The government also revoked its treaty rights with the rulers of the princely states and advised them to join in a political union with India or Pakistan. Accordingly, one of the British monarch's regnal titles, "[[Emperor of India]]," was abandoned. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !rowspan=2|# !rowspan=2|Governor-General<br>{{small|(Birth–Death)}} !rowspan=2|Portrait !colspan=2|Tenure !rowspan=2|Monarch !rowspan=2|[[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] |- !Took office !Left office |- ! 1 ! [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|The Rt. Hon. The Earl Mountbatten of Burma]]<br>{{small|(1900–1979)}} | [[File:Lord Mountbatten 4 Allan Warren.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|15 August}} 1947 | {{nowrap|21 June}} 1948 | rowspan=2 |George VI | rowspan=2 |[[Jawaharlal Nehru|Nehru]] |- ! 2 ! [[C. Rajagopalachari|Chakravarti Rajagopalachari]]<br>{{small|(1878–1972)}} | [[File:C Rajagopalachari Feb 17 2011.JPG|60px]] | {{nowrap|21 June}} 1948 | {{nowrap|26 January}} 1950 |- |} ===President of India (1950–present)=== {{legend|{{party color|Independent politician}}" | President was an Independent candidate (4)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |President was a candidate of [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) (8)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |President was a candidate of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) (2)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Janata Party}}" |President was a candidate of the [[Janata Party]] (JP) (1)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} ;Key <sup>{{Dagger|alt=Died in office}}</sup>-Died in office<br /><sup>[[File:Invertedcross1.jpg|5px|alt=Did not complete assigned term]]</sup>-Resigned<br /> {|class="wikitable sortable" id="pm list" style="width:100%; text-align:center" |- ! rowspan="2" |# ! rowspan="2" |President<br>{{small|(birth–death)}} ! rowspan="2" |Portrait ! colspan="2" |Tenure ! rowspan="2" |Elected ! rowspan="2" |Political party ! rowspan="2" |[[List of vice presidents of India|Vice president]] |- !Took office !Left office |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 1 ! [[Rajendra Prasad]]<br>{{small|(1884–1963)}} | [[File:Rajendra Prasad (Indian President), signed image for Walter Nash (NZ Prime Minister), 1958 (16017609534).jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|26 January}} 1950 | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1962 |[[1950 Indian presidential election|1950]]<br>[[1952 Indian presidential election|1952]]<br>[[1955 Indian presidential election|1955]] <br>[[1957 Indian presidential election|1957]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan |- ! 2 ! [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan|Sir Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]<br>{{small|(1888–1975)}} | [[File:Photograph of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan presented to First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy in 1962.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1962 | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1967 | [[1962 Indian presidential election|1962]] <br>[[1965 Indian presidential election|1965]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]] |- ! 3 ! [[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]]<br>{{small|(1897–1969)}} | [[File:President Zakir Husain 1998 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1967 | {{nowrap|3 May}} 1969<br>{{small|(''died in office.'')}} | [[1967 Indian presidential election|1967]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] | rowspan="3" |[[V. V. Giri]] |- ! 4 ! [[V. V. Giri]]<br>{{small|(1894–1980)}} | [[File:10) V.V GIRI AUTOGRAPHED PENCIL SKETCH.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|3 May }} 1969 | {{nowrap|20 July}} 1969 | [[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |- ! 5 !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} | [[File:Justice M. Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|20 July}} 1969 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1969 |[[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |- ! (4) ! [[V. V. Giri]]<br>{{small|(1894–1980)}} | [[File:V.V.Giri.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1969 | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 | [[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Gopal Swarup Pathak]] |- !– ![[Gopal Swarup Pathak]]<br>(1896–1982) | |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak |- !(4) ![[V. V. Giri]] {{small|(1894–1980)}} |[[File:10) V.V GIRI AUTOGRAPHED PENCIL SKETCH.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1974 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 6 ! [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]]<br>{{small|(1905–1977)}} | [[File:Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed 1977 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1974 | {{nowrap|11 February}} 1977<br>{{small|(''died in office.'')}} | [[1974 Indian presidential election|1974]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak B. D. Jatti |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 7 ![[B. D. Jatti]]<br>{{small|(1912–2002)}} | [[File:B.D Jatti (enhanced).jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|11 February}} 1977 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1977<br> |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |B. D. Jatti |- !style="background:#1F75FE;" |&nbsp; 8 ![[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]<br>{{small|(1913–1996)}} | [[File:NeelamSanjeevaReddy.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1977 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1982 | [[1977 Indian presidential election|1977]] | [[Janata Party]] |B. D. Jatti Mohammad Hidayatullah |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;9 ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1982 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |[[1982 Indian presidential election|1982]] |[[Indian National Congress]] | rowspan="4" |Mohammad Hidayatullah |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (5) !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} |[[File:Justice_M._Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (9) ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (5) !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} |[[File:Justice_M._Hidayatullah.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- br > Gandhi !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (9) ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} |[[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1987 |<br>[[1984 Indian presidential election|1984]] |[[Indian National Congress]] |Ramaswamy Venkataraman |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 10 ! [[R. Venkataraman]]<br>{{small|(1910–2009)}} | [[File:R Venkataraman.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1987 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1992 | [[1987 Indian presidential election|1987]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Shankar Dayal Sharma |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 11 ![[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]<br>{{small|(1918–1999)}} | [[File:Shankar Dayal Sharma 36.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1992 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1997 | [[1992 Indian presidential election|1992]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |K. R. Narayanan |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 12 ! [[K. R. Narayanan]]<br>{{small|(1920–2005)}} | [[File:K. R. Narayanan.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1997 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 | [[1997 Indian presidential election|1997]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |[[Krishan Kant]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– !'''[[Krishan Kant]]''' <small>(1927–2002)</small> | |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Krishan Kant |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(12) ![[K. R. Narayanan]] {{small|(1920–2005)}} |[[File:K. R. Narayanan.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2002 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Krishan Kant |- ! 13 ! [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]<br>{{small|(1931–2015)}} | [[File:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam in 2008.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2002 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 | [[2002 Indian presidential election|2002]] |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Krishan Kant [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !– !'''[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]''' <small>(1923–2010)</small> | |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !(13) ![[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] {{small|(1931–2015)}} |[[File:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam in 2008.jpg|60px]] |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2007 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 14 ! [[Pratibha Patil]]<br>{{small|(1934–)}} | [[File:PratibhaIndia.jpg|60px]] | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2007 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2010 | [[2007 Indian presidential election|2007]] | [[Indian National Congress]] | rowspan="4" |[[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– ![[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]<small>(1937–)</small> | |25 July 2010 |25 July 2010 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(14) ![[Pratibha Patil]] {{small|(1934–)}} |[[File:PratibhaIndia.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2010 |25 July 2012 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |- ! style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 15 ![[Pranab Mukherjee]]<br>{{small|(1935–2020)}} | [[File:Pranab Mukherjee Portrait.jpg|60px]] | 25 July 2012 | 25 July 2016 | [[2012 Indian presidential election|2012]] |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– ![[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]<small>(1937–)</small> | |25 July 2016 |25 July 2016 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(15) ![[Pranab Mukherjee]] {{small|(1935–2020)}} | [[File:Pranab Mukherjee Portrait.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2016 |25 July 2017 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; 16 ! [[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br>{{small|(1945–)}} | [[File:Ram Nath Kovind official portrait.jpg|60px]] | 25 July 2017 | 25 July 2018 | [[2017 Indian presidential election|2017]] | [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari [[Venkaiah Naidu]] |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; _ !'''[[Venkaiah Naidu|M. Venkaiah Naidu]]''' <small>(1949–)</small> | |25 July 2018 |25 July 2018 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Venkaiah Naidu |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; (16) ![[Ram Nath Kovind]] {{small|(1945–)}} |[[File:Ram Nath Kovind official portrait.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2018 |25 July 2022 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Venkaiah Naidu]] |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;17 ! [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br>{{small|(1958-)}} |[[File:Droupadi Murmu June 2022.jpg|60px]] |25 July 2022 |11 August 2022 |[[2022 Indian presidential election|2022]] |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Venkaiah Naidu [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;– !'''[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]''' <small>(1951–)</small> | |11 August 2022 |11 August 2022 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;17 ! [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br>{{small|(1958-)}} |[[File:Droupadi Murmu June 2022.jpg|60px]] |11 August 2022 |25 July 2025 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;18 ! [[Narendra Modi]]<small>(1950–)</small> | |25 July 2025 |Incumbent |— |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- ! colspan="8" |Armed forces who staged a military coup against the government and seized power. |- !align="center" style="background-color: #808000" |19 ![[Javed Khans]] <small>(1996–)</small> | |25 July 2025 |''Incumbent'' | |[[Indian Armed Forces|Military]] |Armed forces |- |} ==Timeline== ;Timeline {{#tag:timeline| ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:20 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:50 right:130 left:20 AlignBars = late Colors = id:INC value:rgb(0.435,0.85,0.866) legend:INC id:JP value:blue legend:JP id:BJP value:orange legend:BJP id:idp value:gray(0.8) legend:Independent id:gray1 value:gray(0.8) Define $today = {{#time:d/m/Y}} DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1950 till:$today TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:10 start:1950 Legend = columns:4 left:150 top:24 columnwidth:100 TextData = pos:(20,27) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"Political Party:" BarData = barset:PREZ PlotData= width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:PREZ from: 26/01/1950 till: 13/05/1962 color:INC text:"[[Rajendra Prasad|Prasad]]" fontsize:10 from: 13/05/1962 till: 13/05/1967 color:idp text:"[[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan|Radhakrishnan]]" fontsize:10 from: 13/05/1967 till: 03/05/1969 color:idp text:"[[Zakir Husain (politician)|Husain]]" fontsize:10 from: 03/05/1969 till: 20/07/1969 color:idp text:"[[Varahagiri Venkata Giri|Giri]] (acting)" fontsize:10 from: 20/07/1969 till: 24/08/1969 color:idp text:"[[Mohammad Hidayatullah|Hidayatullah]] (acting)" fontsize:10 from: 24/08/1969 till: 24/08/1974 color:idp text:"[[Varahagiri Venkata Giri|Giri]]" fontsize:10 from: 24/08/1974 till: 11/02/1977 color:INC text:"[[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed|Ahmed]]" fontsize:10 from: 11/02/1977 till: 25/07/1977 color:INC text:"[[Basappa Danappa Jatti|Jatti]] (acting)" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1977 till: 25/07/1982 color:JP text:"[[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy|Reddy]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1982 till: 25/07/1987 color:INC text:"[[Zail Singh|Singh]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1987 till: 25/07/1992 color:INC text:"[[Ramaswamy Venkataraman|Venkataraman]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1992 till: 25/07/1997 color:INC text:"[[Shankar Dayal Sharma|Sharma]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/1997 till: 25/07/2002 color:INC text:"[[Kocheril Raman Narayanan|Narayanan]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2002 till: 25/07/2007 color:idp text:"[[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|Kalam]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2007 till: 25/07/2012 color:INC text:"[[Pratibha Patil|Patil]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2012 till: 25/07/2017 color:INC text:"[[Pranab Mukherjee|Mukherjee]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2017 till: 25/07/2022 color:BJP text:"[[Ram Nath Kovind|Kovind]]" fontsize:10 from: 25/07/2022 till:end color:BJP text:"[[Droupadi Murmu|Murmu]]" fontsize:10 }} ==References== {{refbegin}} * {{cite web|url =http://www.presidentofindia.nic.in/former-presidents.htm|title = Former Presidents|publisher=President’s Secretariat|access-date = 29 November 2008}} * {{cite web |url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/presidents_1952.aspx |title =List of Presidents/Vice Presidents |publisher =Election Commission of India |access-date =29 November 2008 |archive-date =11 January 2012 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120111111610/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/presidents_1952.aspx |url-status =dead }} {{refend}} {{Reflist|30em}} ==Other websites== * [http://presidentofindia.nic.in/ Official website of the President of India] * [http://im.rediff.com/news/2007/jul/25kbk.gif Rediff.com – Presidents of India] * [http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/18/stories/2007071855791100.htm The Hindu – A presidential poll in the coalition age] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911192724/http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/18/stories/2007071855791100.htm |date=2007-09-11 }} * [http://www.zeenews.com/news383392.html Zee News: Former Presidents] * [http://india-gk.in/list-of-president-of-india/ India-Gk: List of President of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717085523/https://india-gk.in/list-of-president-of-india/ |date=2019-07-17 }} [[Category:Presidents of India|*]] [[Category:Lists of Indian politicians|Presidents]] [[Category:Lists of national presidents|India]] 6i8cultjtmf9b2g9irm1f9xvaw0vv1j 0 637084 10368411 9977860 2025-07-02T22:51:14Z Ferien 1011873 Nominated for deletion; see [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Từ Thức married a fairy]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|appears to fail [[:w:en:WP:NFILM]] and [[WP:GNG]].}} {{Infobox film | name = Từ Thức married a fairy<br><small>Từ Thức lấy vợ tiên</small> | image = | image_size = | caption = | alt = | director = Trang Nguyên | producer = Nguyễn Thị Điển | writer = Hương Giang | starring = | music = | cinematography = Nguyễn Văn Nẫm | editing = Hoài Giang | studio = [[Vietnam Animation Studio]] | distributor = [[Vietnam Animation Studio]]<br>[[Vietnam Television]] | released = 1991 | runtime = 20 [[minute]]s | country = {{VIE}} | language = [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] | budget = | gross = }} '''Từ Thức married a fairy'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://phimhoathinh.edu.vn/tu-thuc-lay-vo-tien |title=Từ Thức married a fairy (1991). Online |access-date=2018-05-16 |archive-date=2018-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511013220/http://phimhoathinh.edu.vn/tu-thuc-lay-vo-tien |url-status=dead }}</ref> ({{lang-vi|Từ Thức lấy vợ tiên}}) is a 1991 [[Vietnamese animated film]], directed by Trang Nguyên. ==Production== {{div col|2}} * Style : [[Cutout animation]] * [[Artist]] : Phương Thảo, Bùi Hùng * [[Animator]] : Trang Nguyên, Trọng Bình * Art design : Đăng Giáp, Bùi Hùng * [[Sound]] : Bùi Kim Thục * [[Montage (filmmaking)|Montage]] : Kim Oanh * Theme : ''Entering the pagoda'' (Vào chùa), ''Who was downstream'' (Ai xuôi về) * [[Color printing]] by [[National Studio for Documentary and Scientific Films]] {{div col end}} ==References== {{reflist|4}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tu Thuc married a fairy}} [[Category:Vietnamese animated movies]] [[Category:1990s animated movies]] fl13mugpmus6tq5s5l9wy64duhcd30b 0 638837 10368108 9836620 2025-07-02T19:08:13Z 2001:569:BC15:6100:7412:A1EA:F9E0:D569 10368108 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Live While We're Young | cover = | alt = | type = single | artist = [[One Direction]] | album = [[Take Me Home (One Direction album)|Take Me Home]] | released = 28 September 2012 | recorded = 2012 | studio = Kinglet Studios ([[Stockholm]], Sweden) | genre = [[Bubblegum pop]] | length = 3:20 | label = [[Syco Music|Syco]] | writer = {{hlist|[[Savan Kotecha]]|[[Rami Yacoub]]|[[Carl Falk]]|}} | producer = {{hlist|Rami Yacoub|Carl Falk}} | prev_title = [[More than This]] | prev_year = 2012 | next_title = [[Little Things]] | next_year = 2012 | misc = {{External music video|{{YouTube| AbPED9bisSc|"Live While We're Young"}}}} }} "'''Live While We're Young'''" is a 2012 song by English-Irish boy band [[One Direction]] and is the lead single from their second studio album ''[[Take Me Home (One Direction album)|Take Me Home]]''. It topped the single charts in Ireland and New Zealand and went to the top 10 in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. == Track listing == * '''Digital download – EP'''<ref name="nz">{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/nz/preorder/live-while-were-young-ep/id554839276|title=Live While We're Young – EP|date=28 September 2012|access-date=25 August 2012|publisher=iTunes Store (Apple Inc.)}}</ref> # "Live While We're Young" – 3:18 # "Live While We're Young" {{small|([[Dave Audé]] remix)}} – 5:40 # "Live While We're Young" {{small|([[Jump Smokers|The Jump Smokers]] remix)}} – 4:25 # "I Want" (Live) – 3:06 # "Moments" (Live) {{small|(Pre-order only)}} – 4:44 * '''UK and US CD single'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.myplaydirect.com/one-direction?current_country=GB|title=Live While We're Young – signed exclusive|publisher=Onedirectionmusic.com. Sony Music Entertainment|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511053038/http://www.myplaydirect.com/one-direction?current_country=GB|archive-date=11 May 2012}}</ref> # "Live While We're Young" – 3:18 # "I Want" (Live) – 3:06 == References == {{reflist}} {{One Direction}} {{movie-stub}} [[Category:2012 songs]] [[Category:One Direction songs]] [[Category:Bubblegum pop songs]] nht8fh8wjawy0n5s4a6sn715y7qstil 0 646689 10367736 10356197 2025-07-02T14:24:00Z 208.98.222.103 /* Results */ 10367736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox football tournament |image= |caption=[[Argentina national football team|Argentina]] celebrating after their win against [[France national football team|France]] in the [[2022 FIFA World Cup Final]] |founded=1930 |region=International ([[FIFA]]) |number of teams=204 (qualifiers)<br />32 (finals) |current champions={{fb|Argentina}} (3rd&nbsp;title) |most successful team={{fb|BRA}} (5&nbsp;titles) }} The [[FIFA World Cup|World Cup final]] match is the last of the competition, and the result determines which country will be the world champions. If after 90&nbsp;minutes of normal play the score is a [[Tie (draw)|draw]], an additional 30-minutes, called [[extra time]], is added. If the game is still tied after extra time, it is then decided by a [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|penalty shoot-out]]. The team winning the penalty shoot-out are then declared champions.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/federation/81/42/36/lotg_en.pdf |title=Laws of the Game |format=PDF |access-date=9 February 2009 |publisher=FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) |archive-date=10 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410210036/https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/federation/81/42/36/lotg_en.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> In the 21 tournaments held, 79 nations have appeared at least once. Of these, 13 have made it to the final match, and eight have won.{{#tag:ref|This follows FIFA's consideration that the national teams of West Germany/Germany, Czechoslovakia/Czech Republic, Yugoslavia/Serbia and Montenegro/Serbia, and USSR/Russia are combined respectively for record-keeping.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mencompwc/01/18/03/18/fs-201_08a_fwc-alltimeranking.pdf |title=All-time FIFA World Cup Ranking 1930-2010 |publisher=FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) |format=PDF |access-date=30 January 2013 |archive-date=13 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013131016/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mencompwc/01/18/03/18/fs-201_08a_fwc-alltimeranking.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>|group="n"}} [[Brazil national football team|Brazil]] have won the most titles with five and are also the only nation to have taken part in every World Cup finals tournament.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/soccer/world/2002/world_cup/teams/brazil/ |title=World Cup Spotlight on Brazil |publisher=CNN |access-date=29 January 2007 |archive-date=1 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130401141133/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/soccer/world/2002/world_cup/teams/brazil/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Italy national football team|Italy]] and [[Germany national football team|Germany]] have four titles. Current champion [[France national football team|France]], along with past champions [[Uruguay national football team|Uruguay]] and [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]], have two titles each, while [[England national football team|England]] and [[Spain national football team|Spain]] have one each. The team that wins the finals receive the [[FIFA World Cup Trophy]], and their name is engraved on the bottom side of the trophy.<ref name="globo">{{cite news |url=http://globotv.globo.com/rede-globo/jornal-da-globo/t/edicoes/v/taca-da-copa-do-mundo-chega-ao-brasil/3296190/ |title=Taça da Copa do Mundo chega ao Brasil (World Cup trophy arrives in Brazil) |publisher=Globo TV |access-date=22 April 2014 |date=21 April 2014 |archive-date=6 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606205424/http://globotv.globo.com/rede-globo/jornal-da-globo/t/edicoes/v/taca-da-copa-do-mundo-chega-ao-brasil/3296190/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[1970 FIFA World Cup Final|1970]] and [[1994 FIFA World Cup Final|1994]], together with the [[1986 FIFA World Cup Final|1986]], [[1990 FIFA World Cup Final|1990]] and [[2014 FIFA World Cup Final|2014]] games are to date the only matches competed by the same teams (Brazil–Italy and Argentina–Germany). As of 2018, the [[1934 FIFA World Cup Final|1934 final]]{{#tag:ref|Technically the [[1958 FIFA World Cup Final|1958 final]] was also between two first timers, but Brazil's 1950 group game defeat is generally counted as a previous "final" appearance for the team.|group="n"}} remains the only finals to have been between two teams playing their first final. The final match of the most recent [[2018 FIFA World Cup|tournament in Russia]] took place at the country's biggest sports complex, the [[Luzhniki Stadium]] in Moscow.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Mark Ogden|first1=|title=Russia's Luzhniki Stadium ahead of schedule for 2018 World Cup Final|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/fifa-world-cup/story/3146149/luzhniki-stadium-venue-for-2018-world-cup-final-ready-ahead-of-schedule}};|date=20 October 2014|website=www.telegraph.co.uk</ref> The [[1930 FIFA World Cup Final|1930]] and the [[1966 FIFA World Cup Final|1966]] games are the only ones that did not take place on a Sunday. The former did on a Wednesday and the latter on a Saturday. As of 2022, only nations from Europe and South America have competed in a World Cup final. Six nations have won the final as host: [[1930 FIFA World Cup Final|Uruguay]], [[1934 FIFA World Cup Final|Italy]], [[1966 FIFA World Cup Final|England]], [[1974 FIFA World Cup Final|Germany]], [[1978 FIFA World Cup Final|Argentina]] and [[1998 FIFA World Cup Final|France]]. Two nations have lost the final as host: [[1950 FIFA World Cup Final|Brazil]] and [[1958 FIFA World Cup Final|Sweden]]. ==List of final matches== {| |- style="vertical-align:top" | {{location map+|Europe |float=center |width=400 |caption=Locations of finals held in Europe |places= {{Location map~|Europe|lat=51.503378|long=-0.131903|label='''[[London]]<br>([[1966 FIFA World Cup final|1966]])'''|position=top}} {{Location map~|Europe|lat=48.858520|long=2.348905|label='''[[Paris]]<br>{{nowrap|([[1938 FIFA World Cup final|1938]], [[1998 FIFA World Cup final|1998]])}}'''|position=left}} {{Location map~|Europe|lat=52.512905|long=13.406829|label='''[[Berlin]]<br>([[2006 FIFA World Cup final|2006]])'''|position=left}} {{Location map~|Europe|lat=41.899510|long=12.498890|label='''[[Rome]]<br>{{nowrap|([[1934 FIFA World Cup final|1934]], [[1990 FIFA World Cup final|1990]])}}'''|position=right}} {{Location map~|Europe|lat=40.410435|long=-3.697420|label='''[[Madrid]]<br>([[1982 FIFA World Cup final|1982]])'''|position=right}} {{Location map~|Europe|lat=59.325841|long=18.071297|label='''[[Stockholm]]<br>([[1958 FIFA World Cup final|1958]])'''|position=left}} {{Location map~|Europe|lat=46.947085|long=7.447735|label='''[[Bern]]<br>([[1954 FIFA World Cup final|1954]])'''|position=bottom}} {{Location map~|Europe|lat=48.132578|long=11.578889|label='''[[Munich]]<br>([[1974 FIFA World Cup final|1974]])'''|position=right}} {{Location map~|Europe|lat=55.7558|long=37.6173|label='''[[Moscow]]<br>([[2018 FIFA World Cup final|2018]])'''|position=right}} }} | {{location map+|Earth |float=center |width=685 |caption=Locations of finals held in the rest of the world |places= {{Location map~|Earth|lat=-34.100755|long=-56.167068|label='''{{nowrap|[[Montevideo]] ([[1930 FIFA World Cup final|1930]])}}'''|position=right}} {{Location map~|Earth|lat=-34.607742|long=-58.377710|label='''{{nowrap|[[Buenos Aires]]}}<br>([[1978 FIFA World Cup final|1978]])'''|position=bottom}} {{Location map~|Earth|lat=-22.910251|long=-43.198548|label='''{{nowrap|[[Rio de Janeiro]]}}<br>{{nowrap|(''[[Uruguay v Brazil (1950 FIFA World Cup)|1950]]'', [[2014 FIFA World Cup final|2014]])}}'''|position=top}} {{Location map~|Earth|lat=-33.447267|long=-70.666944|label='''{{nowrap|[[Santiago]] ([[1962 FIFA World Cup final|1962]])}}'''|position=left}} {{Location map~|Earth|lat=35.162489|long=139.581826|label='''[[Yokohama]]<br>([[2002 FIFA World Cup final|2002]])'''|position=left}} {{Location map~|Earth|lat=19.429376|long=-99.142278|label='''[[Mexico City]]<br>{{nowrap|([[1970 FIFA World Cup final|1970]], [[1986 FIFA World Cup final|1986]])}}'''|position=bottom}} {{Location map~|Earth|lat=-26.201030|long=28.046195|label='''{{nowrap|[[Johannesburg]]}}<br>([[2010 FIFA World Cup final|2010]])'''|position=top}} {{Location map~|Earth|lat=34.032886|long=-118.277284|label='''{{nowrap|[[Los Angeles]]}}<br>([[1994 FIFA World Cup final|1994]])'''|position=top}} {{Location map~|Earth|lat=25.477992|long=51.477814|label='''[[Lusail]]<br>([[2022 FIFA World Cup final|2022]])'''|position=top}} <!-- European locations (without labels) --> {{Location map~|Earth|lat=51.503378|long=-0.131903}} {{Location map~|Earth|lat=48.858520|long=2.348905}} {{Location map~|Earth|lat=52.512905|long=13.406829}} {{Location map~|Earth|lat=41.899510|long=12.498890}} {{Location map~|Earth|lat=40.410435|long=-3.697420}} {{Location map~|Earth|lat=59.325841|long=18.071297}} {{Location map~|Earth|lat=46.947085|long=7.447735}} {{Location map~|Earth|lat=48.132578|long=11.578889}} {{Location map~|Earth|lat=55.7558|long=37.6173}} }} |} {|class="wikitable" |+Key to the list |- |width="40px" bgcolor="#FBCEB1" align="center"| a.e.t. | Match was won during [[Overtime (sports)#Association football|extra time]] |- |width="40px" bgcolor="#cedff2" align="center"| pen. | Match was won on a [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|penalty shoot-out]] |} {|class="sortable plainrowheaders wikitable" |+List of finals of the FIFA World Cup |- !scope="col"| Year !scope="col"| Winners !scope="col"| Score<ref name="All results">{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mcwc/ip-301_09a_wc-finals_alltime_8864.pdf |title=FIFA World Cup finals since 1930 |access-date=3 February 2009|publisher=FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514092024/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mcwc/ip-301_09a_wc-finals_alltime_8864.pdf |archive-date=14 May 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> !scope="col"| Runners-up !scope="col"| Venue !scope="col"| Location !scope="col"| Attendance !scope="col" class="unsortable"| Ref. |- !scope="row" style="text-align:center"| [[1930 FIFA World Cup|1930]] |align=right| {{fb-rt|URU}} |align=center| [[1930 FIFA World Cup final|4–2]] | {{fb|ARG}} | {{sort|Centenario|[[Estadio Centenario]]}} | {{sort|Uruguay, Montevideo|[[Montevideo]], [[Uruguay]]}} |align=center| 68,346 |align=center| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=1/results/matches/match=1087/report.html |title=1930 FIFA World Cup Uruguay |access-date=26 January 2009 |publisher=FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017173019/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=1/results/matches/match=1087/report.html |archive-date=17 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=World Cup history – Uruguay 1930 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4330600.stm |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=4 May 2006 |access-date=26 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618212041/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4330600.stm |archive-date=18 June 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- !scope="row" style="text-align:center"| [[1934 FIFA World Cup|1934]] |align=right| {{fb-rt|ITA|1861}} |align=center bgcolor="#FBCEB1"| [[1934 FIFA World Cup final|2–1]] {{aet}} | {{fb|TCH}} | {{sort|Nazionale PNF|[[Stadio Nazionale PNF]]}} | {{sort|Italy, Rome|[[Rome]], [[Italy]]}} |align=center| 55,000 |align=center| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=3/results/matches/match=1134/report.html |title=1934 FIFA World Cup Italy |access-date=26 January 2009 |publisher=FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310051209/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=3/results/matches/match=1134/report.html |archive-date=10 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=World Cup history – Italy 1934 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4331118.stm |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=4 May 2006 |access-date=26 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516033140/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4331118.stm |archive-date=16 May 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- !scope="row" style="text-align:center"| [[1938 FIFA World Cup|1938]] |align=right| {{fb-rt|ITA|1861}} |align=center| [[1938 FIFA World Cup final|4–2]] | {{fb|HUN|1920}} | {{sort|Olympique de Colombes|[[Stade Yves-du-Manoir|Stade Olympique de Colombes]]}} | {{sort|France, Paris|[[Paris]], [[France]]}} |align=center| 45,000 |align=center| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=5/results/matches/match=1174/report.html |title=1938 FIFA World Cup France |access-date=26 January 2009 |publisher=FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090121132948/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition%3D5/results/matches/match%3D1174/report.html |archive-date=21 January 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=World Cup history – France 1938 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4849022.stm |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=4 May 2006 |access-date=26 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928124142/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4849022.stm |archive-date=28 September 2006 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- !scope="row" style="text-align:center"| [[1950 FIFA World Cup|1950]] |align=right| {{fb-rt|URU}} |align=center| [[Uruguay v Brazil (1950 FIFA World Cup)|2–1]]{{refn|group=n|Decisive match of a final stage; technically not a final but often regarded as such.}} | {{fb|BRA|1889}} | [[Maracanã Stadium]] | {{sort|Brazil, Rio de Janeiro |[[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]]}} |align=center| 173,850 |align=center| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=7/results/matches/match=1190/report.html |title=1950 FIFA World Cup Brazil |access-date=26 January 2009 |publisher=FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017171553/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=7/results/matches/match=1190/report.html |archive-date=17 October 2013|url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=World Cup history – Brazil 1950 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4849084.stm |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=4 May 2006 |access-date=26 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202123850/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4849084.stm |archive-date=2 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- !scope="row" style="text-align:center"| [[1954 FIFA World Cup|1954]] |align=right| {{sort|Germany, West|{{fb-rt|FRG}}}} |align=center| [[1954 FIFA World Cup final|3–2]] | {{fb|HUN|1949}} | [[Wankdorf Stadium]] | {{sort|Switzerland, Bern|[[Bern]], [[Switzerland]]}} |align=center| 62,500 |align=center| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=9/results/matches/match=1278/report.html |title=1954 FIFA World Cup Switzerland |access-date=26 January 2009 |publisher=FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720061301/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition%3D9/results/matches/match%3D1278/report.html |archive-date=20 July 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=World Cup history – Switzerland 1954 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4849414.stm |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=4 May 2006 |access-date=26 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202170358/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4849414.stm |archive-date=2 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- !scope="row" style="text-align:center"| [[1958 FIFA World Cup|1958]] |align=right| {{fb-rt|BRA|1889}} |align=center| [[1958 FIFA World Cup final|5–2]] | {{fb|SWE}} | {{sort|Rasunda|[[Råsunda Stadium]]}} | {{sort|Sweden, Solna|[[Solna Municipality|Solna]], [[Sweden]]}} |align=center| 49,737 |align=center| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=15/results/matches/match=1343/report.html |title=1958 FIFA World Cup Sweden |access-date=26 January 2009 |publisher=FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101092626/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition%3D15/results/matches/match%3D1343/report.html |archive-date=1 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=World Cup history – Sweden 1958 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4849640.stm |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=4 May 2006 |access-date=26 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218191136/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4849640.stm |archive-date=18 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- !scope="row" style="text-align:center"| [[1962 FIFA World Cup|1962]] |align=right| {{fb-rt|BRA|1960}} |align=center| [[1962 FIFA World Cup final|3–1]] | {{fb|TCH}} | {{sort|Nacional|[[Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos|Estadio Nacional]]}} | {{sort|Chile, Santiago|[[Santiago|Santiago, Chile]]}} |align=center| 68,679 |align=center| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=21/results/matches/match=1463/report.html |title=1962 FIFA World Cup Chile |access-date=26 January 2009 |publisher=FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101090825/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=21/results/matches/match=1463/report.html |archive-date=1 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=World Cup history – Chile 1962 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4849820.stm |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=4 May 2006 |access-date=26 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080124005337/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4849820.stm |archive-date=24 January 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- !scope="row" style="text-align:center"| [[1966 FIFA World Cup|1966]] |align=right| {{fb-rt|ENG}} |align=center bgcolor="#FBCEB1"| [[1966 FIFA World Cup final|4–2]] {{aet}} | {{sort|Germany, West|{{fb|FRG}}}} | [[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley Stadium]] | {{sort|England, London|[[London]], [[England]]}} |align=center| 96,924 |align=center| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=26/results/matches/match=1633/report.html |title=1966 FIFA World Cup England |access-date=26 January 2009 |publisher=FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204035558/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=26/results/matches/match=1633/report.html |archive-date=4 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=World Cup history – England 1966 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4850090.stm |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=4 May 2006 |access-date=26 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227042010/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4850090.stm |archive-date=27 December 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- !scope="row" style="text-align:center"| [[1970 FIFA World Cup|1970]] |align=right| {{fb-rt|BRA|1968}} |align=center| [[1970 FIFA World Cup final|4–1]] | {{fb|ITA|1946}} | {{sort|Azteca|[[Estadio Azteca]]}} | {{sort|Mexico, Mexico City|[[Mexico City]], [[Mexico]]}} |align=center| 107,412 |align=center| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=32/results/matches/match=1765/report.html |title=1970 FIFA World Cup Mexico |access-date=26 January 2009 |publisher=FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090125100710/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition%3D32/results/matches/match%3D1765/report.html |archive-date=25 January 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=World Cup history – Mexico 1970 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4850280.stm |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=4 May 2006 |access-date=26 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060620044944/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4850280.stm |archive-date=20 June 2006 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- !scope="row" style="text-align:center"| [[1974 FIFA World Cup|1974]] |align=right| {{sort|Germany, West|{{fb-rt|FRG}}}} |align=center| [[1974 FIFA World Cup final|2–1]] | {{fb|NED}} | [[Olympiastadion (Munich)|Olympiastadion]] | {{sort|Germany, Munich|[[Munich]], [[West Germany]]}} |align=center| 78,200 |align=center| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=39/results/matches/match=2063/report.html |title=1974 FIFA World Cup Germany |access-date=26 January 2009 |publisher=FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002174855/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=39/results/matches/match=2063/report.html|archive-date=2 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=World Cup history – Germany 1974 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4850426.stm |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=4 May 2006 |access-date=26 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327234013/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4850426.stm |archive-date=27 March 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- !scope="row" style="text-align:center"| [[1978 FIFA World Cup|1978]] |align=right| {{fb-rt|ARG}} |align=center bgcolor="#FBCEB1"| [[1978 FIFA World Cup final|3–1]] {{aet}} | {{fb|NED}} | {{sort|Monumental|[[Estadio Monumental (Buenos Aires)|Estadio Monumental]]}} | {{sort|Argentina, Buenos Aires|[[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]}} |align=center| 71,483 |align=center| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=50/results/matches/match=2198/report.html |title=1978 FIFA World Cup Argentina |access-date=26 January 2009 |publisher=FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212153626/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition%3D50/results/matches/match%3D2198/report.html |archive-date=12 February 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=World Cup history – Argentina 1978 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4850710.stm |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=4 May 2006 |access-date=26 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202192151/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4850710.stm |archive-date=2 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- !scope="row" style="text-align:center"| [[1982 FIFA World Cup|1982]] |align=right| {{fb-rt|ITA|1946}} |align=center| [[1982 FIFA World Cup final|3–1]] | {{sort|Germany, West|{{fb|FRG}}}} | {{sort|Santiago Bernabeu|[[Santiago Bernabéu Stadium|Santiago Bernabéu]]}} | {{sort|Spain, Madrid|[[Madrid]], [[Spain]]}} |align=center| 90,000 |align=center| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=59/results/matches/match=923/report.html |title=1982 FIFA World Cup Spain |access-date=26 January 2009 |publisher=FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130055822/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition%3D59/results/matches/match%3D923/report.html |archive-date=30 January 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=World Cup history – Spain 1982 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4850926.stm |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=4 May 2006 |access-date=26 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203153017/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4850926.stm |archive-date=3 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- !scope="row" style="text-align:center"| [[1986 FIFA World Cup|1986]] |align=right| {{fb-rt|ARG}} |align=center| [[1986 FIFA World Cup final|3–2]] | {{sort|Germany, West|{{fb|FRG}}}} | {{sort|Azteca|[[Estadio Azteca]]}} | {{sort|Mexico, Mexico City|[[Mexico City]], [[Mexico]]}} |align=center| 114,600 |align=center|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=68/results/matches/match=393/report.html |title=1986 FIFA World Cup Mexico |access-date=26 January 2009 |publisher=FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129112333/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition%3D68/results/matches/match%3D393/report.html |archive-date=29 January 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=World Cup history – Mexico 1986 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4851052.stm |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=4 May 2006 |access-date=26 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219004024/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4851052.stm |archive-date=19 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- !scope="row" style="text-align:center"| [[1990 FIFA World Cup|1990]] |align=right| {{sort|Germany, West|{{fb-rt|FRG}}}} |align=center| [[1990 FIFA World Cup final|1–0]] | {{fb|ARG}} | {{sort|Olimpico|[[Stadio Olimpico]]}} | {{sort|Italy, Rome|[[Rome]], [[Italy]]}} |align=center| 73,603 |align=center| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=76/results/matches/match=27/report.html |title=1990 FIFA World Cup Italy |access-date=26 January 2009 |publisher=FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115172134/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition%3D76/results/matches/match%3D27/report.html |archive-date=15 November 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=World Cup history – Italy 1990 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4851148.stm |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=4 May 2006 |access-date=26 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080124005342/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4851148.stm |archive-date=24 January 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- !scope="row" style="text-align:center"| [[1994 FIFA World Cup|1994]] |align=right| {{fb-rt|BRA}} |align=center bgcolor="#cedff2"| [[1994 FIFA World Cup final|0–0]] {{aet}}<br />(3–2 [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|pen.]]) | {{fb|ITA|1946}} | [[Rose Bowl (stadium)|Rose Bowl]] | {{sort|United States, Pasadena|[[Pasadena, California|Pasadena]], [[California]], [[United States]]}} |align=center| 94,194 |align=center| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=84/results/matches/match=3104/report.html |title=1994 FIFA World Cup USA |access-date=26 January 2009 |publisher=FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202050557/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition%3D84/results/matches/match%3D3104/report.html |archive-date= 2 February 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=World Cup history – USA 1994 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4851230.stm |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=4 May 2006 |access-date=26 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202100646/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4851230.stm |archive-date=2 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- !scope="row" style="text-align:center"| [[1998 FIFA World Cup|1998]] |align=right| {{fb-rt|FRA}} |align=center| [[1998 FIFA World Cup final|3–0]] |align=left| {{fb|BRA|1889}} | {{sort|France|[[Stade de France]]}} | {{sort|France, Saint-Denis|[[Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis|Saint-Denis]], [[France]]}} |align=center| 80,000 |align=center| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=1013/results/matches/match=8788/report.html |title=1998 FIFA World Cup France |access-date=26 January 2009 |publisher=FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426042307/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=1013/results/matches/match=8788/report.html |archive-date=26 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=World Cup history – France 1998 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/4851296.stm |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=4 May 2006 |access-date=26 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203114952/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/4851296.stm |archive-date=3 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- !scope="row" style="text-align:center"| [[2002 FIFA World Cup|2002]] |align=right| {{fb-rt|BRA}} |align=center| [[2002 FIFA World Cup final|2–0]] | {{fb|GER}} | [[Nissan Stadium (Yokohama)|International Stadium]] | {{sort|Japan, Yokohama|[[Yokohama]], [[Japan]]}} |align=center| 69,029 |align=center| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=4395/results/matches/match=43950064/report.html |title=2002 FIFA World Cup Korea/Japan |access-date=26 January 2009 |publisher=FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130065850/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition%3D4395/results/matches/match%3D43950064/report.html |archive-date=30 January 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=World Cup history – South Korea & Japan 2002 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4852070.stm |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=4 May 2006 |access-date=26 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413134720/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4852070.stm |archive-date=13 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- !scope="row" style="text-align:center"| [[2006 FIFA World Cup|2006]] |align=right| {{fb-rt|ITA|2003}} |align=center bgcolor="#cedff2"| [[2006 FIFA World Cup final|1–1]] {{aet}}<br />(5–3 [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|pen.]]) | {{fb|FRA}} | [[Olympiastadion (Berlin)|Olympiastadion]] | {{sort|Germany, Berlin|[[Berlin]], [[Germany]]}} |align=center| 69,000 |align=center| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/germany2006/results/matches/match=97410064/report.html |title=2006 FIFA World Cup Germany |access-date=26 January 2009 |publisher=FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830094534/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/germany2006/results/matches/match=97410064/report.html |archive-date=30 August 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Zidane off as Italy win World Cup |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4991652.stm |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=4 May 2006 |access-date=26 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616115022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4991652.stm |archive-date=16 June 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- !scope="row" style="text-align:center"| [[2010 FIFA World Cup|2010]] |align=right| {{fb-rt|ESP}} |align=center bgcolor="#FBCEB1"| [[2010 FIFA World Cup final|1–0]] {{aet}} | {{fb|NED}} | [[FNB Stadium|Soccer City]] | {{sort|South Africa, Johannesburg|[[Johannesburg]], [[South Africa]]}} |align=center| 84,490 |align=center| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249721/match=300061509/index.html |title=2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa |access-date=12 May 2012 |publisher=FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100711141857/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/round=249721/match=300061509/report.html |archive-date=11 July 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Netherlands 0–1 Spain (aet) |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2010/matches/match_64 |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |access-date=12 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511232334/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2010/matches/match_64 |archive-date=11 May 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- !scope="row" style="text-align:center"| [[2014 FIFA World Cup|2014]] |align=right| {{fb-rt|GER}} |align=center bgcolor="#FBCEB1"| [[2014 FIFA World Cup final|1–0]] {{aet}} | {{fb|ARG}} | {{sort|Maracana|[[Maracanã Stadium]]}} | {{sort|NYC, Rio de Janeiro|[[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]]}} |align=center| 74,738 |align=center| <ref>{{cite web |title=Estadio Do Maracana, Rio de Janeiro |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/destination/stadiums/stadium=214/index.html |publisher=FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) |date=18 January 2012 |access-date=4 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190516061226/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/destination/stadiums/stadium=214/index.html |archive-date=16 May 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/28181689 |title=Germany 1–0 Argentina |work=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC |date=13 July 2014 |access-date=19 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720142134/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/28181689 |archive-date=20 July 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- !scope="row" style="text-align:center"| [[2018 FIFA World Cup|2018]] |align=right| {{fb-rt|FRA}} |align=center| [[2018 FIFA World Cup final|4–2]] | {{fb|CRO}} | [[Luzhniki Stadium]] | {{sort|Russia, Moscow|[[Moscow]], [[Russia]]}} |align=center| 78,011 |align=center| <ref>{{cite web |title=Formidable France secure second title |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/match/300331552/#france-v-croatia-2018-fifa-world-cup-russia-final-81 |publisher=FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) |date=15 July 2018 |access-date=4 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715175006/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/match/300331552/#france-v-croatia-2018-fifa-world-cup-russia-final-81 |archive-date=15 July 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=More than half the world watched record-breaking 2018 World Cup |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/more-than-half-the-world-watched-record-breaking-2018-world-cup |publisher=FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) |date=21 December 2018 |access-date=4 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604094144/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/more-than-half-the-world-watched-record-breaking-2018-world-cup |archive-date=4 June 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | [[2022 FIFA World Cup|2022]] | align="right" | {{fb-rt|ARG|1974}} | align=center bgcolor="#cedff2" | [[2022 FIFA World Cup final|3–3]] {{aet}}<br />(4–2 [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|pen.]]) | {{fb|FRA}} | [[Lusail]] [[Stadium]] | {{sort|Qatar, Lusail|[[Lusail]], [[Qatar]]}} | align="center" | 88,966 | align="center" | <ref>{{cite web |title=Argentina and Messi spot on for World Cup glory|url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/france-argentina-lionel-messi-kylian-mbappe-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022|publisher=FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) |date=18 December 2022 |access-date=18 December 2022}}</ref> |-class="sortbottom" !scope="row" style="text-align:center"| [[2026 FIFA World Cup|2026]] |align=right| |align=center| | | | |align=center| |align=center| |} ==Results== [[File:World cup winners.png|500px|thumb|Map of winning countries]] {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" |+Results by nation !scope="col"|National team !scope="col"|Wins !scope="col"|Runners-up !scope="col"|Total finals !scope="col" class="unsortable"|Years won !scope="col" class="unsortable"|Years runners-up |- |style="background:#fff68f"|{{fb|BRA}} | style="background:#fff68f; text-align:center;"|5 |align=center|2 |align=center|7 |[[1958 FIFA World Cup|1958]], [[1962 FIFA World Cup|1962]], [[1970 FIFA World Cup|1970]], [[1994 FIFA World Cup|1994]], [[2002 FIFA World Cup|2002]] |[[1950 FIFA World Cup|1950]], [[1998 FIFA World Cup|1998]] |- |style="background:#fff68f"|{{fb|ITA}} | style="background:#fff68f; text-align:center;"|4 |align=center|2 |align=center|6 |[[1934 FIFA World Cup|1934]], [[1938 FIFA World Cup|1938]], [[1982 FIFA World Cup|1982]], [[2006 FIFA World Cup|2006]] |[[1970 FIFA World Cup|1970]], [[1994 FIFA World Cup|1994]] |- | style="background:#fff68f" |{{fb|GER}} | style="background:#fff68f; text-align:center;" |4 | align="center" |4 | align="center" |8 |[[1954 FIFA World Cup|1954]], [[1974 FIFA World Cup|1974]], [[1990 FIFA World Cup|1990]], [[2014 FIFA World Cup|2014]] |[[1966 FIFA World Cup|1966]], [[1982 FIFA World Cup|1982]], [[1986 FIFA World Cup|1986]], [[2002 FIFA World Cup|2002]] |- | style="background:#fff68f" |{{fb|ARG}} | style="background:#fff68f; text-align:center;" |3 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |5 |[[1978 FIFA World Cup|1978]], [[1986 FIFA World Cup|1986]], [[2022 FIFA World Cup|2022]]. |[[1930 FIFA World Cup|1930]], [[1990 FIFA World Cup|1990]], [[2014 FIFA World Cup|2014]]. |- | style="background:#fff68f" |{{fb|Mexico}} | style="background:#fff68f; text-align:center;" |2 | align="center" |0 | align="center" |2 |[[1930 FIFA World Cup|1930]], [[1950 FIFA World Cup|1950]] |– |- | style="background:#fff68f" |{{fb|FRA}} | style="background:#fff68f; text-align:center;"|2 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|3 |[[1998 FIFA World Cup|1998]], [[2018 FIFA World Cup|2018]] |[[2006 FIFA World Cup|2006]] |- |style="background:#fff68f"|{{fb|ESP}} | style="background:#fff68f; text-align:center;"|1 |align=center|0 |align=center|1 |[[2010 FIFA World Cup|2010]] |– |- | style="background:#fff68f" |{{fb|ENG}} | style="background:#fff68f; text-align:center;" |1 | align="center" |0 | align="center" |1 |[[1966 FIFA World Cup|1966]] |– |- | style="background:silver;"|{{fb|US}} |align=center|0 | style="background:silver; text-align:center;"|3 |align=center|3 |– |[[1974 FIFA World Cup|1974]], [[1978 FIFA World Cup|1978]], [[2010 FIFA World Cup|2010]] |- | style="background:silver;" |{{fb|RUS|1949}} | align="center" |0 | style="background:silver; text-align:center;" |2 | align="center" |2 |– |[[1938 FIFA World Cup|1938]], [[1954 FIFA World Cup|1954]] |- | style="background:silver;"|{{fb|CHN}} |align=center|0 | style="background:silver; text-align:center;"|2 |align=center|2 |– |[[1934 FIFA World Cup|1934]], [[1962 FIFA World Cup|1962]] |- | style="background:silver;"|{{fb|TUR}} |align=center|0 | style="background:silver; text-align:center;"|1 |align=center|1 |– |[[2018 FIFA World Cup|2018]] |- | style="background:silver;" |{{fb|EGY}} | align="center" |0 | style="background:silver; text-align:center;" |1 | align="center" |1 |– |[[1958 FIFA World Cup|1958]] |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" |+Results by confederation ! scope="col" |Confederation ! scope="col" |Appearances ! scope="col" |Winners ! scope="col" |Runners-up |- ! scope="row" |[[UEFA]] | style="text-align:center;"|28 | style="text-align:center;"|12 | style="text-align:center;"|16 |- ! scope="row" |[[CONMEBOL]] | style="text-align:center;"|14 | style="text-align:center;"|9 | style="text-align:center;"|5 |} ==Footnotes== <references group="n" /> ==References== {{Wikipedia books|FIFA World Cup}} '''General''' * {{cite web |url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesw/worldcup.html |title=World Cup 1930–2014 |publisher=Rec. Sport. Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF) |date=17 July 2014 |access-date=24 July 2014}} '''Specific''' {{Reflist|30em}} ==Other websites== * [https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/index.html Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222130126/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/index.html |date=2017-12-22 }} {{FIFA World Cup}} {{FIFA World Cup champions}} [[Category:FIFA World Cup finals| Finals]] [[Category:Football-related lists]] a0711qtljrpcppgfr8oec3axsq846q8 0 648620 10368808 8478252 2025-07-03T02:59:44Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 typo: duplication 10368808 wikitext text/x-wiki '''North Woolwich''' is an area in the [[London Borough of Newham]], South East [[London]]. It lies on the northern, [[Essex]] side of the [[Thames]] but the area was long administered as part of Woolwich and [[Kent]] on the south bank. This arrangement was imposed in the aftermath of the [[Norman Conquest of England]] from 1066. {{geo-stub}} [[Category:Areas of London]] lp8janyg5opfcwmixdu7eg9np6h4teh 0 649339 10368318 10346130 2025-07-02T21:53:05Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Colombier-coat of arms.svg]] → [[File:CHE Colombier VD COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10368318 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Boudry District | native_name = District de Boudry | settlement_type = District | image_map = Karte Bezirk Boudry 2007.png | subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] | subdivision_name = {{CHE}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Cantons of Switzerland|Canton]] | subdivision_name2 = {{Flag|Neuchâtel}} | subdivision_type3 = Capital | subdivision_name3 = [[Boudry]] | area_total_km2 = 105.58 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-NE}} | population_total = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-NE| B2401}} | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | blank_name_sec1 = Municipalities | blank_info_sec1 = 15 | extinct_title = Dissolved | extinct_date = 1 January 2018 }} '''Boudry District''' is one of the six [[district]]s of the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Neuchâtel (canton)|Neuchâtel]], [[Switzerland]]. It has a population of {{Swiss populations|CH-NE|B2401}} (as of {{Swiss populations date|CH-NE}}).{{Swiss populations ref|CH-NE}} The district capital is the town of [[Boudry]]. == Municipalities == The district has the following municipalities: <div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;"> {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" !colspan="1" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | '''Coat of arms''' !colspan="1" align=left bgcolor="#EFEFEF"| '''Municipality''' !colspan="1" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | '''Population'''<br /><small>({{Swiss populations date|CH-NE}}){{Swiss populations ref|CH-NE}}</small> !colspan="1" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | '''Area <br />km²'''<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/02/03/blank/data/gemeindedaten.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics] 2009 data {{in lang|de}} accessed 25 March 2010</ref> |- | [[File:CHE Auvernier COA.svg|40px|Auvernier]]|| [[Auvernier]] || align="center" | {{Swiss populations|CH-NE|6401}}|| align="center" | 1.68 |- | [[File:Bevaix -coat of arms.svg|40px|Bevaix]]|| [[Bevaix]] || align="center" | {{Swiss populations|CH-NE|6402}}|| align="center" | 10.78 |- | [[File:Bole-coat of arms.svg|40px|Bôle]]|| [[Bôle]] || align="center" | {{Swiss populations|CH-NE|6403}}|| align="center" | 2.58 |- | [[File:CHE Boudry COA.svg|40px|Boudry]]|| '''[[Boudry]]''' || align="center" | {{Swiss populations|CH-NE|6404}}|| align="center" | 16.77 |- | [[File:Brot-Dessous-coat of arms.svg|40px|Brot-Dessous]]|| [[Brot-Dessous]] || align="center" | {{Swiss populations|CH-NE|6405}}|| align="center" | 4.95 |- | [[File: CHE Colombier VD COA.svg|40px|Colombier]]|| [[Colombier, Neuchâtel|Colombier]] || align="center" | {{Swiss populations|CH-NE|6406}}|| align="center" | 4.52 |- | [[File:Corcelles-Cormondrèche-coat of arms.svg|40px|Corcelles-Cormondrèche]]|| [[Corcelles-Cormondrèche]] || align="center" | {{Swiss populations|CH-NE|6407}}|| align="center" | 4.86 |- | [[File:Cortaillod-blazon.svg|40px|Cortaillod]]|| [[Cortaillod]] || align="center" | {{Swiss populations|CH-NE|6408}}|| align="center" | 3.69 |- | [[File:Fresens-blason.png|40px|Fresens]]|| [[Fresens]] || align="center" | {{Swiss populations|CH-NE|6409}}|| align="center" | 1.58 |- | [[File:Gorgier-blason.png|40px|Gorgier]]|| [[Gorgier]] || align="center" | {{Swiss populations|CH-NE|6410}}|| align="center" | 13.98 |- | [[File:Montalchez-blason.png|40px|Montalchez]]|| [[Montalchez]] || align="center" | {{Swiss populations|CH-NE|6411}}|| align="center" | 6.42 |- | [[File:Peseux, Neuchâtel-coat of arms.svg|40px|Peseux]]|| [[Peseux, Switzerland|Peseux]] || align="center" | {{Swiss populations|CH-NE|6412}}|| align="center" | 3.43 |- | [[File:Rochefort-blazon.svg|40px|Rochefort]]|| [[Rochefort, Switzerland|Rochefort]] || align="center" | {{Swiss populations|CH-NE|6413}}|| align="center" | 20.89 |- | [[File:Saint-Aubin-Sauges-coat of arms.svg|40px|Saint-Aubin-Sauges]]|| [[Saint-Aubin-Sauges]] || align="center" | {{Swiss populations|CH-NE|6414}}|| align="center" | 7.71 |- | [[File:Vaumarcus-blason.png|40px|Vaumarcus]]|| [[Vaumarcus]] || align="center" | {{Swiss populations|CH-NE|6415}}|| align="center" | 1.78 |- | bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | || bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" |'''Total''' || bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center"|{{Swiss populations|CH-NE|B2401}} | bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" | '''105.62''' |} </div> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Boudry District]] st7vqi2x1s4cyx94mzg839nt41e6fp2 0 653341 10368844 10323866 2025-07-03T03:20:10Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368844 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nipple discharge''' is fluid that comes out of the [[nipple]] of the [[breast]] and is not [[breastmilk|milk]] or caused by [[pregnancy]] or [[breastfeeding]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Citation|last1=Sajadi-Ernazarova|first1=Karima R.|title=Breast Nipple Discharge|date=2022|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430938/|work=StatPearls|place=Treasure Island (FL)|publisher=StatPearls Publishing|pmid=28613688|access-date=2022-04-16|last2=Sugumar|first2=Kavin|last3=Adigun|first3=Rotimi}}</ref> The discharge can be different colors. It can be thick or thin. Nipple discharge can come from one breast or both.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/imagepages/17093.htm|title=Abnormal discharge from the nipple: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Image|website=medlineplus.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-08-19}}</ref> Many men have had nipple discharge.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=|date=2017-10-19|title=Nipple discharge|url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/nipple-discharge/|access-date=2023-07-08|website=National Health Service|language=en}}</ref> Nipple discharge in men is not normal. Ninety-seven percent of the time, nipple discharge is not [[cancer]].<ref name=":1" /> Sometimes discharge from nipples will get better and not need treatment. Once in a while it can be a sign of [[breast cancer]]. Newborn babies can have milky nipple discharge.<ref name=":3" /> This is because [[hormones]] from the mother cause [[breastmilk|milk]] to develop in the baby. This kind of discharge goes away in 2 weeks.<ref name=":0" /> Some potential reasons for nipple discharge: *Rubbing the nipple from a [[bra]] or t-shirt *Non-cancerous tumor *[[Infection]] *Clogging of the milk ducts *Using [[herbs]], such as [[anise]] and [[fennel]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001515.htm|title=Nipple discharge: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia|website=medlineplus.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-08-19}}</ref> *Breast infection *[[Kidney]] or [[liver]] problems<ref name=":1" /> Some medications can cause nipple discharge. These medicines are [[opioid]]s, [[Antidepressant|antideptressants]], [[Combined oral contraceptive pill|birth control pills]], [[antihypertensives]], and [[antipsychotic]]s.<ref name=":1" /> A woman can have changes in her breasts as she gets older. Some of these changes can be the cause of nipple discharge.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.breastcancercare.org.uk/information-support/have-i-got-breast-cancer/duct-ectasia|title=Benign breast conditions: duct ectasia|date=2015-06-03|work=Breast Cancer Care|access-date=2018-08-19|language=en}}</ref> A doctor or nurse will often ask a woman to have a examination. Medical tests can find the reason for the nipple discharge. A [[mammogram]] and [[ultrasound]] are two tests that a doctor might use. The doctor may want to get a sample of the fluid by using a needle to take it out. The fluid that comes out of the nipple may be collected and tested.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /> Sometimes nipple discharge is treated with an operation. Even after surgery another operation may be needed.<ref name=":2" /> ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == {{Medical resources | ICD10 = {{ICD10|N|64|5|n|60}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|611.79}} | DiseasesDB = 23444 }} *[https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/breast-disorders/nipple-discharge Some Causes of Nipple Discharge], from Merck Manuals {{Disorders of the breast}} [[Category:Breast diseases]] [[Category:Symptoms and signs]] [[Category:Breast milk]] [[Category:Breasts]] 8i5fynnpy6yazt9jpsqns07k236qfxd 0 657469 10368156 10231171 2025-07-02T19:44:40Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 −[[Category:1890 establishments in Europe]]; ±[[Category:1890s establishments in the United Kingdom]]→[[Category:1890 establishments in the United Kingdom]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10368156 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Charles Darwin aged 51.jpg|right|thumb|[[Charles Darwin]], for whom the award is named]] The '''Darwin Medal''' is awarded by the [[Royal Society]] once every two years. It is for work in the areas of [[biology]] in which [[Charles Darwin]] worked. This means [[evolution]], [[population biology]], organismal [[biology]] and [[biological diversity]]. It was first awarded in 1890. It comes with a £2000 prize.<ref name="rs">{{cite web|url=http://royalsociety.org/awards/darwin-medal/ |title=Darwin Medal |publisher=The Royal Society|access-date=2016-06-16}}</ref> The award is open to candidates from the [[Commonwealth of Nations]] or of the [[Republic of Ireland]], with the requirement that they be either a citizen of such a nation or have lived in such a nation for at least three years before the nomination.<ref name="rs"/> Since its creation the medal has been awarded over 60 times. The medal was first awarded to [[Alfred Russel Wallace]], who independently developed the [[natural selection|theory of evolution by natural selection]]. == List of recipients == Source: [https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/darwin-medal/ Royal Society] {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="align:left;" |- !width="4%"|Year !width="15%"|Name !width="78%" class="unsortable"|Rationale |- |1890 || {{sortname|Alfred Russel|Wallace}} ||For his independent origination of the theory of the origin of species by natural selection. |- |1892 || {{sortname|Joseph Dalton|Hooker}} ||On account of his important contributions to the progress of systematic [[botany]], as evidenced by the "Genera Plantarum" and the ''Flora Indica''; but more especially on account of his intimate association with Mr. Darwin in the studies preliminary to the ''Origin of Species''. |- |1894 || {{sortname|Thomas Henry|Huxley}} ||For his researches in [[comparative anatomy]], and especially for his intimate association with Mr. Darwin in relation to the ''Origin of Species''. |- |1896 || {{sortname|Giovanni|Battista Grassi}} ||For his researches on the life history and societies of the [[Termitidae]], and on the developmental relationship between [[Leptocephalus]] and the common [[eel]] and other muraenidae. |- |1898 || {{sortname|Karl|Pearson}} ||For his work on the [[quantitative]] treatment of biological problems. |- |1900 || {{sortname|Ernst|Haeckel}} ||For his long-continued and highly important work in [[zoology]] all of which has been inspired by the spirit of Darwinism. |- |1902 || {{sortname|Francis|Galton}} ||For his numerous contributions to the exact study of [[heredity]] & variation contained in ''Hereditary Genius'', ''Natural Inheritance'', and other writings. |- |1904 || {{sortname|William|Bateson}} ||For his important contribution to the theory of organic evolution by his researches on variation and [[heredity]]. |- |1906 || {{sortname|Hugo de|Vries}} ||On the ground of the significance and extent of his experimental investigations in heredity & variation. |- |1908 || {{sortname|August|Weismann}} ||On the ground of his eminent services in support of the doctrine of evolution by means of natural selection. |- |1910 || {{sortname|Roland|Trimen}} ||On the ground of his South African [[bionomics|bionomic]] researches, in large part undertaken as the outcome of correspondence with Charles Darwin. |- |1912 || {{sortname|Francis|Darwin}} ||On the ground of his work in conjunction with Charles Darwin, and his researches in vegetable [[physiology]]. |- |1914 || {{sortname|Edward|Bagnall Poulton}} ||On the ground of his researches in heredity. |- |1916 || {{sortname|Yves|Delage}} ||On the ground of researches in zoology and biology. |- |1918 || {{sortname|Henry|Fairfield Osborn}} ||For his valuable researches on vertebrate [[Morphology (biology)|morphology]] and [[Paleontology|palaeontology]]. |- |1920|| {{sortname|Rowland H.|Biffen}} ||On the ground of his work on scientific principles applied to the [[Plant breeding|breeding of plants]]. |- |1922 || {{sortname|Reginald C.|Punnett}} ||For his researches in the science of [[genetics]]. |- |1924 || {{sortname|Thomas|Hunt Morgan}} ||For his valuable work in zoology and more especially his researches on heredity and [[cytology]]. |- |1926 || {{sortname|Dukinfield Henry|Scott}} ||For his contributions to [[Paleobotany|palaeophytology]], particularly in relation to the period of coal. |- |1928 || {{sortname|Leonard|Cockayne}} ||For the eminence of his contributions to [[Botany#Plant_ecology|ecological botany]]. |- |1930 || {{sortname|Johannes|Schmidt|Johannes Schmidt (biologist)}} ||For his work on extended [[Oceanography|oceanographical]] expeditions; and for his genetic studies in animals and plants. |- |1932 || {{sortname|Carl|Erich Correns}} ||As one of the three independent [[Gregor Mendel#Rediscovery of Mendel's work|discoverers of Mendels publications]]; and for his distinguished researches in genetics. |- |1934 || {{sortname|Albert Charles|Seward}} ||In recognition of his work as a [[Paleobotany|palaeobotanist]]. |- |1936|| {{sortname|Edgar|Johnson Allen}} ||In recognition of his long continued work for the advancement of [[marine biology]], not only by his own researches but by the great influence he has exerted on very numerous investigations at Plymouth. |- |1938|| {{sortname|Frederick|Orpen Bower}} ||In recognition of his work of acknowledged distinction in the field in which Darwin himself laboured. |- |1940 || {{sortname|James Peter|Hill}} ||For his contributions to the solution of problems bearing on the inter-relationships of the main groups of the Mammalia and on the [[Phylogenetics|phylogenetic]] history of the primates, a subject with which Charles Darwin himself was much concerned. |- |1942 || {{sortname|D.M.S. |Watson}} ||In recognition of his researches on primitive fishes and amphibians which have much advanced the knowledge of the evolution of these groups of animals. |- |1944 || {{sortname|John Stanley|Gardiner}} ||In recognition of his work on [[coral reef]]s and on the organisms associated with such habitats. |- |1946 || {{sortname|D'Arcy|Thompson}} ||In recognition of his outstanding contributions to the development of biology. |- |1948 || {{sortname|Ronald|Fisher}} ||In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the theory of natural selection, the concept of its gene complex and the evolution of [[Dominance (genetics)|dominance]]. |- |1950|| {{sortname|Felix Eugen|Fritsch}} ||For his distinguished contributions to the study of [[Phycology|algology]]. |- |1952 || {{sortname|J.B.S.|Haldane}} ||In recognition of his initiation of the modern phase of the study of the evolution of living populations. |- |1954 || {{sortname|E.B.|Ford}} ||In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the genetical theory of evolution by natural selection, particularly in natural populations. |- |1956 || {{sortname|Julian|Sorell Huxley}} ||In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the study and theory of evolution. |- |1958 || {{sortname|Gavin de|Beer}} ||In recognition of his distinguished contributions to [[evolutionary biology]]. |- |1960 || {{sortname|E.J.H.|Corner}} ||In recognition of his distinguished and strikingly original botanical work in tropical forests. |- |1962 || {{sortname|George|Gaylord Simpson}} ||In recognition of his distinguished contributions to general evolutionary theory, based on a profound study of palaeontology, particularly of vertebrates. |- |1964 || {{sortname|Kenneth|Mather}} ||In recognition of his distinguished contributions to knowledge of cytology and genetics. |- |1966 || {{sortname|Harold|Munro Fox}} ||In recognition of his distinguished and extensive contributions in the field of invertebrate zoology and to our understanding of general biological phenomena. |- |1968 || {{sortname|Maurice|Yonge}} ||In recognition of his many distinguished contributions to evolutionary biology, particularly of the [[mollusca]]. |- |1970|| {{sortname|Charles|Sutherland Elton}} ||In recognition of the basic concepts he has contributed to the study of animal ecology which, with his foundation of the Bureau of Animal Population, have had international impact. |- |1972 || {{sortname|David|Lack}} ||In recognition of his distinguished and numerous contributions to [[ornithology]] and to our understanding of evolutionary mechanisms. |- |1974 || {{sortname|Philip|Sheppard}} ||In recognition of his outstanding work on natural populations of [[Butterfly|butterflies]], describing and explaining the operation of natural selection and demonstrating the genetic basis upon which selection operates. |- |1976 || {{sortname|Charlotte|Auerbach}} ||In recognition of her discovery of and continuing work on chemical [[mutagenesis]]. |- |1978 || {{sortname|Guido|Pontecorvo}} ||In recognition of his discovery of [[somatic recombination]] in fungi which led to the elucidation of an important type of genetic variation. |- |1980 || {{sortname|Sewall|Wright}}||In recognition of his outstanding contributions to genetics and evolutionary theory. |- |1982 || {{sortname|Jack|Heslop-Harrison}} and [[Yolande Heslop-Harrison]] ||In recognition of their major contributions to plant physiology including fundamental studies on [[Carnivorous plant|insectivorous plants]], much of this research carried out jointly. |- |1984 || {{sortname|Ernst|Mayr}} ||In recognition of his distinguished contributions to evolutionary biology. |- |1986 || {{sortname|John|Maynard Smith}} ||In recognition of his outstanding success in combining mathematics with biology to enhance our understanding of evolution, in particular the [[Evolution of sexual reproduction|evolution of sex]]. |- |1988 || {{sortname|W.D.|Hamilton}} ||In recognition of his distinguished work on evolutionary theory. His contributions include the theory of [[kin selection]] to account for altruistic behaviour and the theoretical demonstration of a link between disease resistance and the evolution of sex. |- |1990 || {{sortname|John|Harper|John L. Harper}} ||For his research on the [[population biology]] and evolution of plants which has greatly improved understanding of the adaptation of plants to their environment. |- |1992 || {{sortname|Motoo|Kimura}} ||Distinguished for his work on [[molecular evolution]], in particular on the role of stochastic events in determining the rate of evolution. |- |1994 || {{sortname|Peter|Lawrence|Peter Lawrence (biologist)}} ||In recognition of his analysis of pattern formation during insect [[Segmentation (biology)|segmentation]], and of his contribution to understanding how genetic processes specify spatial information. |- |1996 || {{sortname|John|Sulston}} ||In recognition of his leadership in the study of [[genome]] analysis with the potential to have a profound impact on the whole of biology. |- |1998 || {{sortname|Michael Denis|Gale}} and [[Graham Moore (scientist)|Graham Moore]]||In recognition of their work on [[cereal]] genome organisation and evolution which has revolutionised cereal genetics by showing that the genetics of all the different cereals can be considered in a common framework. |- |2000 || {{sortname|Brian|Charlesworth}} ||In recognition of his distinguished work on selection in age-structured populations, extending the theory to the evolution of [[ageing]], and testing the theories of mutation accumulation and pleiotropy, developing models for the evolution of genetic systems, including sex and recombination, inbreeding and outbreeding, separate sexes and sex chromosomes, segregation distortion and repetitive DNA. |- |2002 || {{sortname|Peter and Rosemary|Grant}} ||for their fundamental work on the ecology, breeding and evolution of [[Darwin's finches]] on the Galapagos islands. This work has become the classic example of Darwinian evolution in the wild. |- |2004 || {{sortname|Enrico|Coen}} and [[Rosemary Carpenter]]||for their ground-breaking discoveries about the control of [[Flower#Development|flower development]]{{Broken anchor|date=2025-05-02|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Flower#Development|reason= }}. They have combined molecular and genetic approaches to answer some of Darwins key questions about the natural variation of floral form and the evolution of floral development. |- |2006 || {{sortname|Nick|Barton}} ||for his major and extensive contributions to evolutionary biology, characterised by the application of sophisticated mathematical analysis but focussed on developing biological understanding rather than mathematical niceties. |- |2008 || {{sortname|Geoff|Parker}} ||for his lifetime contribution to the foundations and development of [[Behavioral ecology|behavioural ecology]], in particular for understanding evolutionary adaptations and their consequences for natural populations. |- |2010 || {{sortname|Bryan|Clarke}} || for his original and influential contributions to our understanding of the genetic basis of evolution. |- |2012 || {{sortname|Tim|Clutton-Brock}} || for his outstanding work on the diversity of animal societies and demonstration of their effects on the evolution of [[Reproduction#Reproductive_strategies|reproductive strategies]], the operation of selection and the [[Population dynamics|dynamics of populations]]. |- |2014 || [[John Sutherland (chemist)|John Sutherland]] || for his novel and convincing work on [[Abiogenesis|prebiotic chemistry]], in particular his solution to the central problem of nucleoside synthesis. |- |2016 || [[Caroline Dean]] || for her work addressing fundamental questions in the perception of temperature cues and how modifications in [[Epigenetics of plant growth and development|epigenetic mechanisms]] play an important role in adaptation. |- |2018 || [[Bill Hill (geneticist)|William Hill]] || for his contribution to our understanding of the genetics of quantitative traits and response to selection. |- |} == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Royal Society]] [[Category:Science awards]] [[Category:1890 establishments in the United Kingdom]] qqoh6bpbfcjezxrrg5vlwomm7dxjncp 10 659468 10368638 10364746 2025-07-03T01:33:07Z Cyberbot I 224035 Updating Admin Stats ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10368638 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Adminstats/Core |edits=24352 |ed=27246 |created=1 |deleted=3204 |revdel=100 |eventdel=3 |restored=27 |blocked=1102 |protected=99 |unprotected=0 |rights=29 |reblock=73 |unblock=7 |modify=13 |filter=1 |merge=2 |massmessage=0 |rename=0 |import=147 |style={{{style|}}}}} 4gppoulnyzmc5ylmcx11rwi4vwktd8c 0 659514 10368326 10237061 2025-07-02T21:57:49Z LatestClash 1610566 10368326 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox single | name = Starstrukk | cover = | alt = | caption = | artist = [[3OH!3]] featuring [[Katy Perry]] | album = [[Want (3OH!3 album)|Want]] | released = {{ubl|July 9, 2009|September 8, 2009 {{small|(with [[Katy Perry]])}}|December 14, 2009 {{small|(UK)}}}} | genre = {{unbulleted list|[[Crunkcore]]|[[electropop]]}} | length = {{ubl|3:04 {{small|(album version)}}|3:22 {{small|(remix featuring Katy Perry)}}}} | label = {{hlist|[[Photo Finish Records|Photo Finish]]|[[Capitol Records|Capitol]]}} | writer = {{hlist|[[3OH!3|Sean Foreman]]|[[3OH!3|Nathaniel Motte]]}} | producer = [[Matt Squire]] | chronology = [[3OH!3]] singles | prev_title = [[Don't Trust Me]] | prev_year = 2008 | title = Starstrukk | year = 2009 | next_title = Still Around | next_year = 2009 | misc = {{Extra chronology | artist = [[Katy Perry]] singles | type = single | prev_title = [[Waking Up in Vegas]] | prev_year = 2009 | title = Starstrukk | year = 2009 | next_title = [[If We Ever Meet Again]] | next_year = 2010 }} {{External music video|{{YouTube|dvf--10EYXw&ob|"Starstrukk (ft. Katy Perry)"}} }} }} '''Starstrukk''' is a song recorded by American group [[3OH!3]]. It is their third single and their second single to be released from their second studio album, ''Want'' (2008). A radio-only and the deluxe album version has been released featuring singer [[Katy Perry]]. The version featuring Perry peaked within the top ten of the charts in [[Australia]], [[Belgium]], [[Finland]], [[Ireland]], [[Poland]] and the [[United Kingdom]]. It is the follow-up to their debut single "Don't Trust Me". == Background == [[3OH!3]] was among the line-up of the Warped Tour 2008 where they met [[Katy Perry]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.altpress.com/features/entry/song_premiere_and_interview_3oh3_turn_the_night_on|title=Song Premiere and interview: 3OH!3, "Turn The Night On"|last=LeRoy|first=Dan|date=October 15, 2013|website=Alternative Press|access-date=August 20, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=April 30, 2014|title=3OH!3 on working with Kesha and Katy Perry: 'They are ******* awesome'|url=http://www.pressparty.com/pg/newsdesk/londonnewsdesk/view/108159/|access-date=August 20, 2014|website=Press Party}}</ref> The band then toured with her on the UK dates of her ''[[Hello Katy Tour]]'' in February 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.femalefirst.co.uk/music/hiphopmusic/30H3+to+tour+with+Katy+Perry-6868.html|title=30H!3 to tour with Katy Perry|date=January 16, 2009|website=Female First|access-date=August 20, 2014}}</ref> They said of Perry's participation to the song: "Katy did this because we toured with Katy, we are good friends with Katy and we worked on the song together — we worked on the remix together."<ref name="soak">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/3oh-3-soak-katy-perry-in-new-starstrukk-video-20091026|title=3OH!3 Soak Katy Perry in New "Starstrukk" Video|date=October 26, 2009|website=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=August 20, 2014|archive-date=August 30, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830192834/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/3oh-3-soak-katy-perry-in-new-starstrukk-video-20091026|url-status=dead}}</ref> "Starstrukk" was the second single from 3OH!3’s album ''Want'' (2008). It hit US contemporary radio on August 4, 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CHR – 2009|url=http://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=69239|access-date=2025-07-02|website=fmqb.com}}</ref> A remix featuring Katy Perry came out on September 14, 2009.<ref>{{Citation|title=Starstrukk (feat. Katy Perry) - Single by 3OH!3 on Apple Music|date=2009-09-14|url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/starstrukk-feat-katy-perry-single/330823124|language=en-GB|access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref> Perry later added this remix to the deluxe edition of her ''[[Teenage Dream]]'' album,<ref>{{Cite web|title=YouTube Music|url=https://music.youtube.com/playlist?list=OLAK5uy_mj2TMcwJaVKMvdc4VkJM8QDz0Pytti84w&feature=share|access-date=2025-07-02|website=YouTube Music|language=en}}</ref> and 3OH!3 included it on the international edition of their ''[[Streets of Gold]]'' album. == Music videos == The music video for the song premiered on June 8, 2009, on [[AOL]]. A "behind the scenes" video was released before that. It was filmed in [[Los Angeles]] and directed by Steve Jocz, drummer of Sum 41. The video features girls in fluorescent outfits chasing 3OH!3, a chaotic scene with construction workers, a marching band, and lots of whipped cream. Jocz explained that the concept was about people piling together to form a huge dogpile. Sean Foreman of [[3OH!3]] said, "the video is looking awesome."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Behind 3OH!3’s “Starstrukk” Video : Rolling Stone : Rock and Roll Daily|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/rockdaily/index.php/2009/06/04/behind-3oh3s-starstrukk-video|access-date=2025-07-02|website=www.rollingstone.com}}</ref> The second music video for "Starstrukk," directed by Marc Klasfeld and Steve Jocz, features Katy Perry and was filmed at the Los Angeles County Natural History Museum's Rose Garden on September 21, 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-10-27|title=WATCH IT: 3Oh!3 f/ Katy Perry "Starstrukk"|url=https://www.videostatic.com/content/watch-it-3oh3-f-katy-perry-starstrukk|access-date=2025-07-02|website=VideoStatic|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Celebuzz - Celebuzz|url=https://www.celebuzz.com/,%20https://www.celebuzz.com/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=www.celebuzz.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Celebuzz - Celebuzz|url=https://www.celebuzz.com/,%20https://www.celebuzz.com/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=www.celebuzz.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Katy Perry's Starstrukk Video Shoot With 3OH!3|language=en|url=http://amp.cbslocal.com/2009/10/21/katy-perrys-starstrukk-video-shoot-with-3oh3/|access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref> The video shows 3OH!3 sitting by a fountain, pulling out coins that cause women to chase them. Perry and 3OH!3 sing together by the fountain, and Perry dances under the fountain at night during her verse. The video’s story is inspired by the movie ''[[When in Rome]]'', with its theme of magical coins in a fountain.<ref name=":0" /> It also includes references to ''[[James Bond]]'' films, ''[[West Side Story]]'', and ''[[Baywatch]]''.<ref name="soak" /> == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * {{MetroLyrics song|3oh3|starstrukk}} [[Category:2009 songs]] [[Category:Katy Perry songs]] c2ekjmqhgnw38712l7apth1y22jsx5x 10368334 10368326 2025-07-02T22:02:40Z LatestClash 1610566 10368334 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox single | name = Starstrukk | cover = | alt = | caption = | artist = [[3OH!3]] featuring [[Katy Perry]] | album = [[Want (3OH!3 album)|Want]] | released = {{ubl|July 9, 2009|September 8, 2009 {{small|(with [[Katy Perry]])}}|December 14, 2009 {{small|(UK)}}}} | genre = {{unbulleted list|[[Crunkcore]]|[[electropop]]}} | length = {{ubl|3:04 {{small|(album version)}}|3:22 {{small|(remix featuring Katy Perry)}}}} | label = {{hlist|[[Photo Finish Records|Photo Finish]]|[[Capitol Records|Capitol]]}} | writer = {{hlist|[[3OH!3|Sean Foreman]]|[[3OH!3|Nathaniel Motte]]}} | producer = [[Matt Squire]] | chronology = [[3OH!3]] singles | prev_title = [[Don't Trust Me]] | prev_year = 2008 | title = Starstrukk | year = 2009 | next_title = Still Around | next_year = 2009 | misc = {{Extra chronology | artist = [[Katy Perry]] singles | type = single | prev_title = [[Waking Up in Vegas]] | prev_year = 2009 | title = Starstrukk | year = 2009 | next_title = [[If We Ever Meet Again]] | next_year = 2010 }} {{External music video|{{YouTube|dvf--10EYXw&ob|"Starstrukk (ft. Katy Perry)"}} }} }} '''Starstrukk''' is a song recorded by American group [[3OH!3]]. It is their third single and their second single to be released from their second studio album, ''Want'' (2008). A radio-only and the deluxe album version has been released featuring singer [[Katy Perry]]. The version featuring Perry peaked within the top ten of the charts in [[Australia]], [[Belgium]], [[Finland]], [[Ireland]], [[Poland]] and the [[United Kingdom]]. It is the follow-up to their debut single "Don't Trust Me". == Background == [[3OH!3]] was among the line-up of the Warped Tour 2008 where they met [[Katy Perry]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.altpress.com/features/entry/song_premiere_and_interview_3oh3_turn_the_night_on|title=Song Premiere and interview: 3OH!3, "Turn The Night On"|last=LeRoy|first=Dan|date=October 15, 2013|website=Alternative Press|access-date=August 20, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=April 30, 2014|title=3OH!3 on working with Kesha and Katy Perry: 'They are ******* awesome'|url=http://www.pressparty.com/pg/newsdesk/londonnewsdesk/view/108159/|access-date=August 20, 2014|website=Press Party}}</ref> The band then toured with her on the UK dates of her ''[[Hello Katy Tour]]'' in February 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.femalefirst.co.uk/music/hiphopmusic/30H3+to+tour+with+Katy+Perry-6868.html|title=30H!3 to tour with Katy Perry|date=January 16, 2009|website=Female First|access-date=August 20, 2014}}</ref> They said of Perry's participation to the song: "Katy did this because we toured with Katy, we are good friends with Katy and we worked on the song together — we worked on the remix together."<ref name="soak">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/3oh-3-soak-katy-perry-in-new-starstrukk-video-20091026|title=3OH!3 Soak Katy Perry in New "Starstrukk" Video|date=October 26, 2009|website=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=August 20, 2014|archive-date=August 30, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830192834/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/3oh-3-soak-katy-perry-in-new-starstrukk-video-20091026|url-status=dead}}</ref> "Starstrukk" was the second single from 3OH!3’s album ''Want'' (2008). It hit US contemporary radio on August 4, 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CHR – 2009|url=http://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=69239|access-date=2025-07-02|website=fmqb.com}}</ref> A remix featuring Katy Perry came out on September 14, 2009.<ref>{{Citation|title=Starstrukk (feat. Katy Perry) - Single by 3OH!3 on Apple Music|date=2009-09-14|url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/starstrukk-feat-katy-perry-single/330823124|language=en-GB|access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref> Perry later added this remix to the deluxe edition of her ''[[Teenage Dream]]'' album,<ref>{{Cite web|title=YouTube Music|url=https://music.youtube.com/playlist?list=OLAK5uy_mj2TMcwJaVKMvdc4VkJM8QDz0Pytti84w&feature=share|access-date=2025-07-02|website=YouTube Music|language=en}}</ref> and 3OH!3 included it on the international edition of their ''[[Streets of Gold]]'' album. == Music videos == The music video for the song premiered on June 8, 2009, on [[AOL]]. A "behind the scenes" video was released before that. It was filmed in [[Los Angeles]] and directed by Steve Jocz, drummer of Sum 41. The video features girls in fluorescent outfits chasing 3OH!3, a chaotic scene with construction workers, a marching band, and lots of whipped cream. Jocz explained that the concept was about people piling together to form a huge dogpile. Sean Foreman of [[3OH!3]] said, "the video is looking awesome."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Behind 3OH!3’s “Starstrukk” Video : Rolling Stone : Rock and Roll Daily|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/rockdaily/index.php/2009/06/04/behind-3oh3s-starstrukk-video|access-date=2025-07-02|website=www.rollingstone.com}}</ref> The second music video for "Starstrukk," directed by Marc Klasfeld and Steve Jocz, features Katy Perry and was filmed at the Los Angeles County Natural History Museum's Rose Garden on September 21, 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-10-27|title=WATCH IT: 3Oh!3 f/ Katy Perry "Starstrukk"|url=https://www.videostatic.com/content/watch-it-3oh3-f-katy-perry-starstrukk|access-date=2025-07-02|website=VideoStatic|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Celebuzz - Celebuzz|url=https://www.celebuzz.com/,%20https://www.celebuzz.com/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=www.celebuzz.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Celebuzz - Celebuzz|url=https://www.celebuzz.com/,%20https://www.celebuzz.com/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=www.celebuzz.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Katy Perry's Starstrukk Video Shoot With 3OH!3|language=en|url=http://amp.cbslocal.com/2009/10/21/katy-perrys-starstrukk-video-shoot-with-3oh3/|access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref> The video shows 3OH!3 sitting by a fountain, pulling out coins that cause women to chase them. Perry and 3OH!3 sing together by the fountain, and Perry dances under the fountain at night during her verse. The video’s story is inspired by the movie ''[[When in Rome]]'', with its theme of magical coins in a fountain.<ref name=":0" /> It also includes references to ''[[James Bond]]'' films, ''[[West Side Story]]'', and ''[[Baywatch]]''.<ref name="soak" /> ==Charts== {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} ===Weekly charts=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ Weekly chart performance for "Starstrukk" ! scope="col"| Chart (2009–2010) ! scope="col"| Peak<br />position |- {{single chart|Australia|4|artist=3OH!3 feat. Katy Perry|song=Starstrukk|rowheader=true|access-date=October 19, 2021}} |- ! scope="row"| Australia Digital Songs (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/australia-digital-song-sales/2009-12-05 |title=Australia Digital Song Sales Chart |date=December 12, 2009 |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date=October 19, 2021 }}</ref> | 3 |- {{single chart|Austria|48|artist=3OH!3 feat. Katy Perry|song=Starstrukk|rowheader=true|access-date=October 19, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Flanders|21|artist=3OH!3 feat. Katy Perry|song=Starstrukk|rowheader=true|access-date=October 19, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Wallonia Tip|2|artist=3OH!3 feat. Katy Perry|song=Starstrukk|rowheader=true|access-date=October 19, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Canada|31|artist=3OH!3|rowheader=true|access-date=October 19, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Billboardcanadachrtop40|27|artist=3OH!3|rowheader=true|access-date=October 19, 2021}} |- ! scope="row"| Canada Digital Songs (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-canada-digital-song-sales/2009-11-28 |title=Canadian Digital Song Sales Chart |date=November 28, 2009 |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date=October 19, 2021 }}</ref> | 22 |- {{single chart|Czech Republic|19|year=2010|week=16|rowheader=true|access-date=November 1, 2018}} |- {{single chart|Denmark|39|artist=3OH!3 feat. Katy Perry|song=Starstrukk|rowheader=true|access-date=October 19, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Billboardeurodigital|5|artist=3OH!3|rowheader=true|access-date=October 19, 2021}} |- ! scope="row"| [[European Hot 100 Singles]] (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Hits of the World: European Hot 100 Singles|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|volume=122|issue=1|page=55|date=January 9, 2010}}</ref> | 19 |- ! scope="row"| Global Dance Songs (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/global-dance-tracks/2009-11-28 |title=Global Dance Songs Chart |date=November 28, 2009 |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date=October 19, 2021 }}</ref> | 21 |- {{single chart|Ireland2|4|artist=3OH!3|rowheader=true|access-date=October 19, 2021}} |- ! scope="row"| Latvia ([[European Hit Radio]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.europeanhitradio.com/topi|title=EHR Top 40|publisher=[[European Hit Radio]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303100616/http://www.europeanhitradio.com/topi|archivedate=March 3, 2010|accessdate=December 22, 2024}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Lithuania ([[European Hit Radio]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.europeanhitradio.lt/TOP40|title=European Hit Radio Top 40|publisher=[[European Hit Radio]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112115351/http://www.europeanhitradio.lt/TOP40|archivedate=January 12, 2010|accessdate=December 22, 2024}}</ref> | 6 |- !scope="row"|Netherlands ([[:nl:Tipparade|Dutch Tipparade 40]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.top40.nl/3oh-3-featuring-katy-perry/3oh-3-featuring-katy-perry-starstrukk-20926|title= 3Oh!3 (featuring Katy Perry) - Starstrukk|language=nl|website=[[Dutch Top 40]]|access-date=May 9, 2022}}</ref> | 2 |- {{single chart|Dutch100|65|artist=3OH!3 feat. Katy Perry|song=Starstrukk|rowheader=true|access-date=October 19, 2021}} |- {{single chart|New Zealand|16|artist=3OH!3 feat. Katy Perry|song=Starstrukk|rowheader=true|access-date=October 19, 2021}} |- {{singlechart|Scotland|3|artist=3OH!3 (feat. Katy Perry)|song=Starstrukk|date=20100110|rowheader=true|access-date=January 15, 2025}} |- {{single chart|Slovakia|20|year=2010|week=13|rowheader=true|access-date=October 19, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Sweden|55|artist=3OH!3 feat. Katy Perry|song=Starstrukk|rowheader=true|access-date=October 19, 2021}} |- {{single chart|UKsinglesbyname|3|artist=3OH!3 feat. Katy Perry|artistid=22936|rowheader=true|access-date=October 19, 2021}} |- ! scope="row"| UK Digital Songs (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/uk-digital-song-sales/2010-01-23 |title=U.K. Digital Song Sales Chart |date=January 23, 2010 |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date=October 19, 2021 }}</ref> | 3 |- {{single chart|Billboardhot100|66|artist=3OH!3|rowheader=true|access-date=October 19, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Billboarddigitalsongs|51|artist=3OH!3|rowheader=true|access-date=October 19, 2021}} |- {{single chart|Billboardpopsongs|25|artist=3OH!3|rowheader=true|access-date=October 19, 2021}} |} {{col-2}} ===Year-end charts=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ 2009 year-end chart performance for "Starstrukk" ! scope="col"| Chart (2009) ! scope="col"| Position |- ! scope="row"| Australia (ARIA)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-top-100-singles-2009.htm|title=ARIA Charts – End Of Year Charts – Top 100 Singles 2009|publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]|access-date=September 18, 2019}}</ref> | 32 |- ! scope="row"| UK Singles (OCC)<ref name="UK2009year">{{cite web|url=http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/UKChartsPlusYE2009.pdf |title=Charts Plus Year end 2009 |publisher=Charts Plus |access-date=July 19, 2010}}</ref> | 152 |} {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ 2010 year-end chart performance for "Starstrukk" ! scope="col"| Chart (2010) ! scope="col"| Position |- ! scope="row"| Australia (ARIA)<ref name="AUSendofyear">{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-top-100-singles-2010.htm|title=ARIA Charts – End Of Year Charts – Top 100 Singles 2010|publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]|access-date=January 8, 2011}}</ref> | 83 |- ! scope="row"| European Hot 100 Singles (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2010/european-hot-100-singles |title= European Hot 100 Singles |magazine= [[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date=January 3, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130428151137/http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2010/european-hot-100-singles |archive-date=April 28, 2013 }}</ref> | 68 |- ! scope="row"| Latvia (European Hit Radio)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.europeanhitradio.com/topi/EhrOldTop100/2010|title=EHR Year Top 100 – 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206130421/http://www.europeanhitradio.com/topi/EhrOldTop100/2010|archivedate=February 6, 2013|accessdate=December 22, 2024}}</ref> | 27 |- ! scope="row"| Lithuania (European Hit Radio)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://europeanhitradio.lt/charts/top-100-2010-years|title=Top 100 of 2010 Years|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315061046/http://europeanhitradio.lt:80/charts/top-100-2010-years|archivedate=March 15, 2011|accessdate=December 22, 2024}}</ref> | 82 |- ! scope="row"| UK Singles (OCC)<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/chart/2010/singles|title=2010 Year-end UK Singles|publisher=BBC (BBC Online)|access-date=December 26, 2010|date=December 26, 2010}}</ref> | 29 |} {{col-end}} ==Certifications== {{Certification Table Top|caption=Certifications for "Starstrukk"}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Australia|artist=3OH!3 feat. Katy Perry|title=Starstrukk|award=Platinum|number=2|type=single|relyear=2009|certyear=2010|access-date=October 6, 2021}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Canada|artist=3OH!3 feat. Katy Perry|title=Starstrukk|award=Platinum|number=2|type=single|relyear=2009|certyear=2023|access-date=March 22, 2025}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=New Zealand|artist=3Oh!3 feat. Katy Perry|title=Starstrukk|award=Platinum|type=single|relyear=2009|certyear=2015|source=radioscope|access-date=December 14, 2024}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=United Kingdom|artist=3Oh3 ft Katy Perry|title=Starstrukk|award=Platinum|type=single|relyear=2009|certyear=2015|id=8592-2325-1|access-date=October 6, 2021}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=United States|artist=3OH!3|title=Starstrukk|award=Platinum|number=2|type=single|relyear=2009|certyear=2023|access-date=July 13, 2023}} {{Certification Table Bottom|streaming=true}} ==Release history== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+ Release dates and formats for "Starstrukk" |- ! scope="col"| Region ! scope="col"| Date ! scope="col"| Format ! scope="col"| Version ! scope="col"| Label ! scope="col"| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- ! scope="row"| United States | August 4, 2009 | [[Contemporary hit radio]] | Original | {{hlist|[[Photo Finish Records|Photo Finish]]|[[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]]|RRP}} | style="text-align:center;"| <ref name="US-CHR">{{cite web|url=http://fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=69239#2009|title=CHR – 2009|work=[[FMQB]]|access-date=December 27, 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602195200/http://fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=69239#2009|archive-date=June 2, 2013}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| Various | September 14, 2009 | [[Music download|Digital download]] | Remix featuring [[Katy Perry]] | Photo Finish | style="text-align:center;"| <ref name="DD-R">{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/starstrukk-feat-katy-perry-single/330823124|title=Starstrukk (feat. Katy Perry)|publisher=iTunes|date=September 14, 2009|access-date=March 22, 2020}}</ref> |} == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * {{MetroLyrics song|3oh3|starstrukk}} [[Category:2009 songs]] [[Category:Katy Perry songs]] kj3t74yk11p3xqf8rsu3pmy1qji5ijl 0 661209 10368544 10363609 2025-07-03T00:12:37Z 2600:4040:2CC4:E100:B54C:23E2:5B8B:9744 10368544 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | genre = [[Animated series|Animation]]<br />[[Educational]]<br />[[Adventure fiction|Adventure]]<br />[[Comedy]]<br />[[Science fantasy]] | based_on = {{based on|''[[The Magic School Bus]]''|[[Joanna Cole (author)|Joanna Cole]]<br />[[Bruce Degen]]}} | developer = Alison Blank<br />Kristin Laskas Martin<br />Jane Startz | director = Lawrence Jacobs (season 1)<br />[[Charles E. Bastien]] (seasons 2-3)<br />Shawn Seles | voices = [[Lily Tomlin]]<br />[[Malcolm-Jamal Warner]]<br />[[Lisa Yamanaka]]<br />Amos Crawley<br />[[Danny Tamberelli]]<br />[[Daniel DeSanto]]<br />Tara Meyer<br />[[Erica Luttrell]]<br />Maia Filar<br />[[Stuart Stone]]<br />Max Beckford<br />Andre Ottley-Lorant | composer = [[Peter Lurye]]<br />Fred Barton (seasons 2-4) | opentheme = "Ride on the Magic School Bus", performed by [[Little Richard]] | endtheme = "Ride on the Magic School Bus" (instrumental) | country = Canada<br>United States | language = English | num_seasons = 4 | num_episodes = 52 | runtime = 26 minutes | executive_producer = {{plainlist | * [[Patrick Loubert]] * [[Michael Hirsh (producer)|Michael Hirsh]] * [[Clive A. Smith]] * Alison Blank * Kristin Laskas Martin * Jane Startz * [[Deborah Forte]] * Marty Keltz }} | producer = {{plainlist | * Hasmi Giakoumis (season 1) * Marianne Culbert (seasons 2-4) }} | network = [[PBS]]<br>[[TVOKids]] | first_aired = {{start date|1994|9|10}} | last_aired = {{end date|1997|12|6}} }} '''''The Magic School Bus''''' is an animated educational [[children's television series]], based on the book series of the same name by [[Joanna Cole]] and [[Bruce Degen]]. The series has received critical acclaim for its use of celebrity talent and combining entertainment with an educational series.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mag.awn.com/index.php?ltype=pageone&category2=&article_no=3921&page=1|title=Word Knowledge is Power for WordGirl|last=Moody|first=Annemarie|date=March 7, 2009|website=Animation World Magazine|publisher=Animation World Network|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309032418/http://mag.awn.com/index.php?ltype=pageone&category2=&article_no=3921&page=1|archive-date=March 9, 2009|url-status=dead|access-date=2009-03-07}}</ref> ''Broadcasting & Cable'' said the show was "among the highest-rated [[PBS]] shows for school-age children."<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Green|first=Michelle Y.|date=July 28, 1997|title=Scholastic Productions banks on Best-Sellers|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_broadcasting-cable_broadcasting-cable_1997-07-28_127_31/page/n48|journal=Broadcasting & Cable|publisher=Cahners Publishing Co./Reed Publishing (USA) Inc.|volume=127|issue=31|pages=48}}</ref> A reboot titled ''The Magic School Bus Rides Again'' began on [[Netflix]] on September 29, 2017. ==Plot== The animated series follows the adventures of eccentric teacher Ms. Frizzle and her eight students as they explore the wonders of science on their exciting field trips. Their journey takes them to different locations, time periods, and encounters with various creatures, all while learning about science and the world around them. The school they attend, Walkerville Elementary, is set in the fictitious town of Walkerville. The characters travel all over the world and into space throughout the duration of the show. ==Voice cast== * [[Lily Tomlin]] as Mrs. Valerie Frizzle * Amos Crawley (season 1) & [[Danny Tamberelli]] (seasons 2-4) as Arnold Perlstein * [[Daniel DeSanto]] as Carlos Ramon * Tara Meyer as Dorothy Ann "D.A." Hudson * [[Erica Luttrell]] as Keesha Franklin * Maia Filar as Phoebe Terese * [[Stuart Stone]] as Ralphie Tennelli * Max Beckford (season 1) & Andre Ottley-Lorant (seasons 2-4) as Tim Wright * [[Lisa Yamanaka]] as Wanda Li * Dan Hennessey as Mr. Flack * [[Edward James Olmos]] as Zookeeper == Production and broadcast == A [[Scholastic Corporation|Scholastic]], [[Nelvana Limited]], and Hanho Heung-Up Co. Ltd. Co-Production, Presented by South Carolina ETV. They made ''The Magic School Bus'' books into an animated television series. It began on September 10, 1994. Many parents and teachers wanted Scholastic, Nelvana Limited, and Hanho Heung-Up Co. Ltd. to help kids and [[Minority group|minorities]] learn more about science in a fun way.<ref name="Clarke">{{Cite journal|last=Clarke|first=Melanie M.|date=June 20, 2005|title=A Scholastic Achievement|journal=Broadcasting & Cable|publisher=Cahners Publishing Co./Reed Publishing (USA) Inc.|volume=135|issue=25|pages=30}}</ref> === Advertisements === Each [[episode]] of the series ran for 30 minutes. There was a ''Producer Says'' part at the end of each episode when ''The Magic School Bus'' had no [[Advertising|advertisements]]. There were no advertisements on [[international]] television, [[VHS]], and [[DVD]]. The ''Producer Says'' part was taken out when ''The Magic School Bus'' had advertisements. This way, there was enough time for advertisements. Sometimes the episode faded to black at the start of the advertisements. When there are no advertisements, the episode faded to black and then faded back in. === Writers === [[Peter Lurye]] wrote the song played at the beginning of the show. It was called "Ride on the Magic School Bus". Famous rock 'n' roll singer [[Little Richard]] sang it.<ref>{{IMDb name|id=0005153|name=Little Richard}}</ref> Shawn Kalb, Frank Saperstein, and [[Jeph Loeb]] helped write the show. They also worked on another [[Nelvana]] show, ''[[Seven Little Monsters]]''. === Broadcast history === ==== In US ==== In the United States, ''The Magic School Bus'' originally aired on [[PBS]] as a part of its children's block, [[PBS Kids|PTV Park]], through [[South Carolina]]'s SCETV network. It was the first fully animated series to be aired on PBS. The final episode aired on December 6, 1997. The series then aired reruns on PBS until October 1998. [[Fox Kids Network]], in a hasty effort to fill educational television mandates for its stations, aired reruns on its weekday block from September 1998 to September 2002. Beginning on September 27, 2010, ''The Magic School Bus'' started a daily run on child-oriented network [[Qubo]] in the US, and on Saturday mornings on [[NBC]]. The Fox Kids and Qubo airings both used a shortened version of the opening. ''The Magic School Bus'' was also seen on TLC from February 15, 2003 until 2008. It also aired on the [[Ready Set Learn]] block on [[Discovery Kids]] from 2004 to 2009. ==== In Canada ==== The series first aired on [[TVOKids]] in 1995. It was widely known in Canada for showing reruns on CBC as part of its children's block, now known as [[CBC Kids|Kids' CBC]], from 1999 to 2004. In 2005, Nelvana sold the series to Latin American versions of Cartoon Network and Nickelodeon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/399041793|title=Deals for Toons, Docs at MIPCOM|last=Dinoff|first=Dustin|date=November 7, 2005|website=accessed through [[ProQuest]]|publisher=[[Playback (magazine)|Playback]]: Canada's Broadcast and Production Journal|access-date=2009-03-26|id={{ProQuest|399041793}} }}</ref> In Canada, the series aired on [[CBC Kids]] (from 2000 until 2003), [[Teletoon]], and [[Knowledge Network]]. In the United Kingdom, it aired on Channel 4 ([[Channel 4|Children Planet]] Programmes Block) and [[Nickelodeon (British and Irish TV channel)|Nickelodeon]]. Since 2005, Canada-based studio [[Nelvana Limited]] acquired the series and sold it to the Latin American versions of [[Cartoon Network (Latin American TV channel)|Cartoon Network]] and [[Nickelodeon (Latin American TV channel)|Nickelodeon]]. As of 2021, the show is currently distributed by [[9 Story Media Group]]. == Home media == The series was originally released on [[VHS]] by KidVision between 1995 and 2003 and on [[DVD]] by [[Warner Home Video]] between 2002 and 2013. Only the VHSs and DVDs contain the funding credits. In the home video releases, all the episodes are uncut with the ''Producer Says'' segments intact. On July 31, 2012, New Video Group released the complete series on DVD in Region 1 for the very first time.<ref>{{Citation|last1=Jacobs|first1=Larry|title=The Magic School Bus: The Complete Series|date=July 31, 2012|url=https://www.amazon.com/Magic-School-Bus-Complete-Series/dp/B007I1Q4MM|last2=Bastien|first2=Charles E.|publisher=New Video Group|language=en|access-date=2016-07-10}}More than one of <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#x7C;accessdate=</code> and <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#x7C;accessdate=</code> specified ([[Help:CS1 errors#redundant parameters|help]]) </ref> On August 15, 2013, Scholastic announced the entire series would be available on [[Netflix]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mediaroom.scholastic.com/press-release/netflix-announces-top-rated-award-winning-scholastic-television-shows-now-available-ki|title=Netflix Announces Top Rated, Award Winning Scholastic Television Shows now Available as Kids Go Back to School {{!}} Scholastic Media Room|website=mediaroom.scholastic.com|access-date=2016-07-10}}</ref> == Reception == Jason Fry, in a column for the online edition of ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', expressed an overall appreciation for the show, but wrote that the episode "The Magic School Bus Gets Programmed" should have been about the dangers of Internet searches and network concepts arising at the time, rather than an old-fashioned technology-run-amok story about the respective roles of programmer and machine (although he conceded that the episode was ten years old).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB119678405113213209|title=Real Time: From PET to Net; A Kid's TV Show Leaves Your Columnist Pondering a Generation of Immense Change; Online edition|last=Fry|first=Jason|date=December 10, 2007|website=The Wall Street Journal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703162249/http://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB119678405113213209|archive-date=2015-07-03|url-status=live|access-date=2009-03-25}}</ref> Tomlin won a [[Emmy Award|Daytime Emmy]] for her role as Ms. Frizzle.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://americantheatrewing.org/biography/detail/lily_tomlin|title=Biography: Lily Tomlin|date=May 2007|publisher=American Theater Wing|access-date=2009-03-26|archive-date=2008-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120102944/http://www.americantheatrewing.org/biography/detail/lily_tomlin|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Games == Various computer and video games associated with the series were released from 1994 to 2001, and were typically amalgamations of storylines from both the original book series and the television show. The games were published by Microsoft Home for the Educational purpose. A video game titled ''The Magic School Bus: Oceans'' was released for [[Nintendo DS]] on October 25, 2011, ten years after the release of the last game. The video game, similar to the computer game before it, was likely based on the book, ''The Magic School Bus On the Ocean Floor'' and the TV episode, ''The Magic School Bus Gets Eaten''. This is the only game to have been released for the Nintendo platform. == Reboot series == On June 10, 2014, a new series was announced by [[Netflix]] and Scholastic Media titled ''The Magic School Bus 360°''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/11/business/media/netflix-orders-new-childrens-show-based-on-magic-school-bus.html?emc=edit_tnt_20140610&nlid=39945777&tntemail0=y&_r=2|title=Netflix Orders New Children's Show Based on 'Magic School Bus|last=Jensen|first=Elizabeth|date=June 10, 2014|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/news/tvnews.php?id=119412|title=Scholastic is Bringing The Magic School Bus 360 degrees to Netflix|date=June 11, 2014|publisher=Coming Soon|access-date=2014-06-11|archive-date=2014-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701232929/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/tvnews.php?id=119412|url-status=dead}}</ref> The new iteration of the franchise features a modernized Ms. Frizzle and high-tech bus that stresses modern inventions such as robotics, wearables and camera technology. The producers hoped to captivate children's imaginations and motivate their interest in the sciences.<ref name="kidscreen.com">{{cite web|url=http://kidscreen.com/2016/02/10/9-story-boards-netflixs-magic-school-bus-reboot/|title=Kidscreen » Archive » 9 Story boards Netflix's Magic School Bus reboot|date=February 10, 2016|work=Kidscreen}}</ref><ref name="cartoon">{{Cite news|url=http://blog.bcdb.com/animated-series-reboots-7699/|title=Three New Animated Series, Reboots All|last=Koch|first=Dave|date=June 18, 2014|access-date=2014-06-18|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140620233051/http://blog.bcdb.com/animated-series-reboots-7699/|archive-date=June 20, 2014|url-status=dead|publisher=Big Cartoon News}}</ref> [[9 Story Media Group]] would produce the series.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://miscrave.com/articles/magic-school-bus-360-delayed/|title=The Magic School Bus 360 delayed to 2017|date=December 3, 2016|website=Coming Soon'|access-date=2016-12-03}}</ref> Producer Stuart Stone, who voiced Ralphie in the original series, stated that ''The Magic School Bus 360°'' will feature some of the original voice actors in same roles. The show's voice cast is based in [[Los Angeles]] and [[Toronto]] with [[Susan Blu]] as the Los Angeles voice director and [[Alyson Court]] as the Toronto voice director.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/magic-school-bus-reboot-netflix-tmz|title=Celebrity cameos, familiar voices to ride 'Magic School Bus' reboot|last=Gael Fashingbauer Cooper|date=January 4, 2017|publisher=CNET|access-date=2017-07-27}}</ref> In February 2017, Netflix announced that [[Lily Tomlin]] was in the role of Fiona Felicity Frizzle, the younger sister of Ms. Frizzle, now Professor Frizzle, again played by Tomlin. By this point the title of the series had been changed to ''The Magic School Bus Rides Again''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ew.com/tv/2017/02/08/kate-mckinnon-ms-frizzle-magic-school-bus-netflix/|title=Kate McKinnon to voice Ms. Frizzle in Netflix's 'Magic School Bus' revival|last=Serrao|first=Nivea|date=February 9, 2017|publisher=Entertainment Weekly|access-date=2017-07-27|archive-date=2017-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730110043/http://ew.com/tv/2017/02/08/kate-mckinnon-ms-frizzle-magic-school-bus-netflix/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Little Richard]] returns to perform the theme song.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/lin-manuel-miranda-magic-school-bus-theme-song-1035172|title=Lin-Manuel Miranda Updates 'Magic School Bus' Theme Song for Netflix Reboot|last=Stanhope|first=Kate|date=September 5, 2017|website=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=2017-09-05}}</ref> The series began on [[Netflix]] on September 29, 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://ew.com/tv/2017/08/23/new-to-netflix-september-2017/|title=New to Netflix in September: 'Pulp Fiction', 'Jerry Before Seinfeld' and More|date=August 23, 2017|work=EW.com|access-date=2017-08-23|language=en-US}}</ref> ''The Magic School Bus 360°'' Cast * [[Lily Tomlin]] as Professor Valerie Frizzle, PhD, Ms. Fiona Frizzle, & The Frizzle Fragments * Amos Crawley as Arnold Perlstein & Mr. Hudson * [[Lisa Yamanaka]] as Wanda Li, Mrs. Li, & Caller * [[Erica Lutrell]] – Keesha Franklin * Tara Meyer – Dorothy Ann Hudson, Pariksha, & Additional Voices * [[Daniel DeSanto]] – Carlos Ramón, Tony Tennelli, & Matthew Math Matthews * [[Stuart Stone]] – Ralphie Tennelli, The Gizmos That Go Staff, The Cosmic Corner Show Announcer, & Caller * Maia Filar – Jyoti Kaur & The Titular “Goldstealer” * Andre Ottley-Lorant – Tim Wright * Renessa Blitz – Janet Perlstein * [[Kevin Zegers]] – Mikey Ramón * Max Beckford – Mr. Ruhle * [[Susan Blu]] * [[Danny Tamberelli]] * [[Malcolm-Jamal Warner]] == Preschool spin-off == On October 17, 2024, it was announced a ''Magic School Bus'' spin-off ''The Magic School Bus: Mighty Explorers'' is currently in the works. The Magic School Bus will talk in this series. The series will be CG-animated and geared more towards a preschool audience. == References == {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{Official website|http://www.scholastic.com/magicschoolbus/home.htm}} * {{IMDb title|id=0108847|title=The Magic School Bus}} * {{bcdb|Other_Studios/S/Scholastic_Entertainment/The_Magic_School_Bus/|The Magic School Bus}} * {{bcdb|Other_Studios/S/Scholastic_Entertainment/The_Magic_School_Bus_360_/|The Magic School Bus 360°}} * {{tv.com show|the-magic-school-bus|The Magic School Bus}} * [https://www.netflix.com/title/80108373 ''The Magic School Bus Rides Again''] at [[Netflix]] * https://aaa.youtube.com/watch?v=VOyWd9JsCjU&pp=ygUhbWFnaWMgc2Nob29sIGJ1cyBuZXdzIGdsb2JhbCAxOTk3{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Former PBS Kids original programming}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Magic School Bus, The}} [[Category:1990s American animated television series]] [[Category:1990s American children's television series]] [[Category:1990s American comedy television series]] [[Category:1990s American television series debuts]] [[Category:1990s American television series endings]] [[Category:1990s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian comedy television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:1990s Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:1994 American television series debuts]] [[Category:1995 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:1997 American television series endings]] [[Category:1997 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:American animated television series]] [[Category:American children's television series]] [[Category:American comedy television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:Animated television series about children]] [[Category:Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:Canadian comedy television series]] [[Category:PBS Kids shows]] [[Category:TVOKids shows]] bfxfqn6yn2e4wysdq2epk0shxtsfsau 10368545 10368544 2025-07-03T00:12:43Z ChenzwBot 16695 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/2600:4040:2CC4:E100:B54C:23E2:5B8B:9744|2600:4040:2CC4:E100:B54C:23E2:5B8B:9744]] ([[User talk:2600:4040:2CC4:E100:B54C:23E2:5B8B:9744|talk]]) to last version by 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2991:DC2D:A822:B86 10363609 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | genre = [[Animated series|Animation]]<br />[[Educational]]<br />[[Adventure fiction|Adventure]]<br />[[Comedy]]<br />[[Science fantasy]] | based_on = {{based on|''[[The Magic School Bus]]''|[[Joanna Cole (author)|Joanna Cole]]<br />[[Bruce Degen]]}} | developer = Alison Blank<br />Kristin Laskas Martin<br />Jane Startz | director = Lawrence Jacobs (season 1)<br />[[Charles E. Bastien]] (seasons 2-3)<br />Shawn Seles | voices = [[Lily Tomlin]]<br />[[Malcolm-Jamal Warner]]<br />[[Lisa Yamanaka]]<br />Amos Crawley<br />[[Danny Tamberelli]]<br />[[Daniel DeSanto]]<br />Tara Meyer<br />[[Erica Luttrell]]<br />Maia Filar<br />[[Stuart Stone]]<br />Max Beckford<br />Andre Ottley-Lorant | composer = [[Peter Lurye]]<br />Fred Barton (seasons 2-4) | opentheme = "Ride on the Magic School Bus", performed by [[Little Richard]] | endtheme = "Ride on the Magic School Bus" (instrumental) | country = Canada<br>United States | language = English | num_seasons = 4 | num_episodes = 52 | runtime = 26 minutes | executive_producer = {{plainlist | * [[Patrick Loubert]] * [[Michael Hirsh (producer)|Michael Hirsh]] * [[Clive A. Smith]] * Alison Blank * Kristin Laskas Martin * Jane Startz * [[Deborah Forte]] * Marty Keltz }} | producer = {{plainlist | * Hasmi Giakoumis (season 1) * Marianne Culbert (seasons 2-4) }} | network = [[PBS]]<br>[[TVOKids]] | first_aired = {{start date|1994|9|10}} | last_aired = {{end date|1997|12|6}} }} '''''The Magic School Bus''''' is an animated educational [[children's television series]], based on the book series of the same name by [[Joanna Cole]] and [[Bruce Degen]]. The series has received critical acclaim for its use of celebrity talent and combining entertainment with an educational series.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mag.awn.com/index.php?ltype=pageone&category2=&article_no=3921&page=1|title=Word Knowledge is Power for WordGirl|last=Moody|first=Annemarie|date=March 7, 2009|website=Animation World Magazine|publisher=Animation World Network|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309032418/http://mag.awn.com/index.php?ltype=pageone&category2=&article_no=3921&page=1|archive-date=March 9, 2009|url-status=dead|access-date=2009-03-07}}</ref> ''Broadcasting & Cable'' said the show was "among the highest-rated [[PBS]] shows for school-age children."<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Green|first=Michelle Y.|date=July 28, 1997|title=Scholastic Productions banks on Best-Sellers|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_broadcasting-cable_broadcasting-cable_1997-07-28_127_31/page/n48|journal=Broadcasting & Cable|publisher=Cahners Publishing Co./Reed Publishing (USA) Inc.|volume=127|issue=31|pages=48}}</ref> A reboot titled ''The Magic School Bus Rides Again'' began on [[Netflix]] on September 29, 2017. ==Plot== The animated series follows the adventures of eccentric teacher Ms. Frizzle and her eight students as they explore the wonders of science on their exciting field trips. Their journey takes them to different locations, time periods, and encounters with various creatures, all while learning about science and the world around them. The school they attend, Walkerville Elementary, is set in the fictitious town of Walkerville. The characters travel all over the world and into space throughout the duration of the show. ==Voice cast== * [[Lily Tomlin]] as Mrs. Valerie Frizzle * Amos Crawley (season 1) and [[Danny Tamberelli]] (seasons 2-4) as Arnold Perlstein * [[Daniel DeSanto]] as Carlos Ramon * Tara Meyer as Dorothy Ann "D.A." Hudson * [[Erica Luttrell]] as Keesha Franklin * Maia Filar as Phoebe Terese * [[Stuart Stone]] as Ralphie Tennelli * Max Beckford (season 1) and Andre Ottley-Lorant (seasons 2-4) as Tim Wright * [[Lisa Yamanaka]] as Wanda Li * [[Edward James Olmos]] as Mr. Flack and Zookeeper == Production and broadcast == A [[Scholastic Corporation|Scholastic]], [[Nelvana Limited]], and Hanho Heung-Up Co. Ltd. Co-Production, Presented by South Carolina ETV. They made ''The Magic School Bus'' books into an animated television series. It began on September 10, 1994. Many parents and teachers wanted Scholastic, Nelvana Limited, and Hanho Heung-Up Co. Ltd. to help kids and [[Minority group|minorities]] learn more about science in a fun way.<ref name="Clarke">{{Cite journal|last=Clarke|first=Melanie M.|date=June 20, 2005|title=A Scholastic Achievement|journal=Broadcasting & Cable|publisher=Cahners Publishing Co./Reed Publishing (USA) Inc.|volume=135|issue=25|pages=30}}</ref> === Advertisements === Each [[episode]] of the series ran for 30 minutes. There was a ''Producer Says'' part at the end of each episode when ''The Magic School Bus'' had no [[Advertising|advertisements]]. There were no advertisements on [[international]] television, [[VHS]], and [[DVD]]. The ''Producer Says'' part was taken out when ''The Magic School Bus'' had advertisements. This way, there was enough time for advertisements. Sometimes the episode faded to black at the start of the advertisements. When there are no advertisements, the episode faded to black and then faded back in. === Writers === [[Peter Lurye]] wrote the song played at the beginning of the show. It was called "Ride on the Magic School Bus". Famous rock 'n' roll singer [[Little Richard]] sang it.<ref>{{IMDb name|id=0005153|name=Little Richard}}</ref> Shawn Kalb, Frank Saperstein, and [[Jeph Loeb]] helped write the show. They also worked on another [[Nelvana]] show, ''[[Seven Little Monsters]]''. === Broadcast history === ==== In US ==== In the United States, ''The Magic School Bus'' originally aired on [[PBS]] as a part of its children's block, [[PBS Kids|PTV Park]], through [[South Carolina]]'s SCETV network. It was the first fully animated series to be aired on PBS. The final episode aired on December 6, 1997. The series then aired reruns on PBS until October 1998. [[Fox Kids Network]], in a hasty effort to fill educational television mandates for its stations, aired reruns on its weekday block from September 1998 to September 2002. Beginning on September 27, 2010, ''The Magic School Bus'' started a daily run on child-oriented network [[Qubo]] in the US, and on Saturday mornings on [[NBC]]. The Fox Kids and Qubo airings both used a shortened version of the opening. ''The Magic School Bus'' was also seen on TLC from February 15, 2003 until 2008. It also aired on the [[Ready Set Learn]] block on [[Discovery Kids]] from 2004 to 2009. ==== In Canada ==== The series first aired on [[TVOKids]] in 1995. It was widely known in Canada for showing reruns on CBC as part of its children's block, now known as [[CBC Kids|Kids' CBC]], from 1999 to 2004. In 2005, Nelvana sold the series to Latin American versions of Cartoon Network and Nickelodeon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/399041793|title=Deals for Toons, Docs at MIPCOM|last=Dinoff|first=Dustin|date=November 7, 2005|website=accessed through [[ProQuest]]|publisher=[[Playback (magazine)|Playback]]: Canada's Broadcast and Production Journal|access-date=2009-03-26|id={{ProQuest|399041793}} }}</ref> In Canada, the series aired on [[CBC Kids]] (from 2000 until 2003), [[Teletoon]], and [[Knowledge Network]]. In the United Kingdom, it aired on Channel 4 ([[Channel 4|Children Planet]] Programmes Block) and [[Nickelodeon (British and Irish TV channel)|Nickelodeon]]. Since 2005, Canada-based studio [[Nelvana Limited]] acquired the series and sold it to the Latin American versions of [[Cartoon Network (Latin American TV channel)|Cartoon Network]] and [[Nickelodeon (Latin American TV channel)|Nickelodeon]]. As of 2021, the show is currently distributed by [[9 Story Media Group]]. == Home media == The series was originally released on [[VHS]] by KidVision between 1995 and 2003 and on [[DVD]] by [[Warner Home Video]] between 2002 and 2013. Only the VHSs and DVDs contain the funding credits. In the home video releases, all the episodes are uncut with the ''Producer Says'' segments intact. On July 31, 2012, New Video Group released the complete series on DVD in Region 1 for the very first time.<ref>{{Citation|last1=Jacobs|first1=Larry|title=The Magic School Bus: The Complete Series|date=July 31, 2012|url=https://www.amazon.com/Magic-School-Bus-Complete-Series/dp/B007I1Q4MM|last2=Bastien|first2=Charles E.|publisher=New Video Group|language=en|access-date=2016-07-10}}More than one of <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#x7C;accessdate=</code> and <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#x7C;accessdate=</code> specified ([[Help:CS1 errors#redundant parameters|help]]) </ref> On August 15, 2013, Scholastic announced the entire series would be available on [[Netflix]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mediaroom.scholastic.com/press-release/netflix-announces-top-rated-award-winning-scholastic-television-shows-now-available-ki|title=Netflix Announces Top Rated, Award Winning Scholastic Television Shows now Available as Kids Go Back to School {{!}} Scholastic Media Room|website=mediaroom.scholastic.com|access-date=2016-07-10}}</ref> == Reception == Jason Fry, in a column for the online edition of ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', expressed an overall appreciation for the show, but wrote that the episode "The Magic School Bus Gets Programmed" should have been about the dangers of Internet searches and network concepts arising at the time, rather than an old-fashioned technology-run-amok story about the respective roles of programmer and machine (although he conceded that the episode was ten years old).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB119678405113213209|title=Real Time: From PET to Net; A Kid's TV Show Leaves Your Columnist Pondering a Generation of Immense Change; Online edition|last=Fry|first=Jason|date=December 10, 2007|website=The Wall Street Journal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703162249/http://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB119678405113213209|archive-date=2015-07-03|url-status=live|access-date=2009-03-25}}</ref> Tomlin won a [[Emmy Award|Daytime Emmy]] for her role as Ms. Frizzle.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://americantheatrewing.org/biography/detail/lily_tomlin|title=Biography: Lily Tomlin|date=May 2007|publisher=American Theater Wing|access-date=2009-03-26|archive-date=2008-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120102944/http://www.americantheatrewing.org/biography/detail/lily_tomlin|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Games == Various computer and video games associated with the series were released from 1994 to 2001, and were typically amalgamations of storylines from both the original book series and the television show. The games were published by Microsoft Home for the Educational purpose. A video game titled ''The Magic School Bus: Oceans'' was released for [[Nintendo DS]] on October 25, 2011, ten years after the release of the last game. The video game, similar to the computer game before it, was likely based on the book, ''The Magic School Bus On the Ocean Floor'' and the TV episode, ''The Magic School Bus Gets Eaten''. This is the only game to have been released for the Nintendo platform. == Reboot series == On June 10, 2014, a new series was announced by [[Netflix]] and Scholastic Media titled ''The Magic School Bus 360°''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/11/business/media/netflix-orders-new-childrens-show-based-on-magic-school-bus.html?emc=edit_tnt_20140610&nlid=39945777&tntemail0=y&_r=2|title=Netflix Orders New Children's Show Based on 'Magic School Bus|last=Jensen|first=Elizabeth|date=June 10, 2014|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/news/tvnews.php?id=119412|title=Scholastic is Bringing The Magic School Bus 360 degrees to Netflix|date=June 11, 2014|publisher=Coming Soon|access-date=2014-06-11|archive-date=2014-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701232929/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/tvnews.php?id=119412|url-status=dead}}</ref> The new iteration of the franchise features a modernized Ms. Frizzle and high-tech bus that stresses modern inventions such as robotics, wearables and camera technology. The producers hoped to captivate children's imaginations and motivate their interest in the sciences.<ref name="kidscreen.com">{{cite web|url=http://kidscreen.com/2016/02/10/9-story-boards-netflixs-magic-school-bus-reboot/|title=Kidscreen » Archive » 9 Story boards Netflix's Magic School Bus reboot|date=February 10, 2016|work=Kidscreen}}</ref><ref name="cartoon">{{Cite news|url=http://blog.bcdb.com/animated-series-reboots-7699/|title=Three New Animated Series, Reboots All|last=Koch|first=Dave|date=June 18, 2014|access-date=2014-06-18|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140620233051/http://blog.bcdb.com/animated-series-reboots-7699/|archive-date=June 20, 2014|url-status=dead|publisher=Big Cartoon News}}</ref> [[9 Story Media Group]] would produce the series.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://miscrave.com/articles/magic-school-bus-360-delayed/|title=The Magic School Bus 360 delayed to 2017|date=December 3, 2016|website=Coming Soon'|access-date=2016-12-03}}</ref> Producer Stuart Stone, who voiced Ralphie in the original series, stated that ''The Magic School Bus 360°'' will feature some of the original voice actors in same roles. The show's voice cast is based in [[Los Angeles]] and [[Toronto]] with [[Susan Blu]] as the Los Angeles voice director and [[Alyson Court]] as the Toronto voice director.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/magic-school-bus-reboot-netflix-tmz|title=Celebrity cameos, familiar voices to ride 'Magic School Bus' reboot|last=Gael Fashingbauer Cooper|date=January 4, 2017|publisher=CNET|access-date=2017-07-27}}</ref> In February 2017, Netflix announced that [[Lily Tomlin]] was in the role of Fiona Felicity Frizzle, the younger sister of Ms. Frizzle, now Professor Frizzle, again played by Tomlin. By this point the title of the series had been changed to ''The Magic School Bus Rides Again''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ew.com/tv/2017/02/08/kate-mckinnon-ms-frizzle-magic-school-bus-netflix/|title=Kate McKinnon to voice Ms. Frizzle in Netflix's 'Magic School Bus' revival|last=Serrao|first=Nivea|date=February 9, 2017|publisher=Entertainment Weekly|access-date=2017-07-27|archive-date=2017-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730110043/http://ew.com/tv/2017/02/08/kate-mckinnon-ms-frizzle-magic-school-bus-netflix/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Little Richard]] returns to perform the theme song.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/lin-manuel-miranda-magic-school-bus-theme-song-1035172|title=Lin-Manuel Miranda Updates 'Magic School Bus' Theme Song for Netflix Reboot|last=Stanhope|first=Kate|date=September 5, 2017|website=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=2017-09-05}}</ref> The series began on [[Netflix]] on September 29, 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://ew.com/tv/2017/08/23/new-to-netflix-september-2017/|title=New to Netflix in September: 'Pulp Fiction', 'Jerry Before Seinfeld' and More|date=August 23, 2017|work=EW.com|access-date=2017-08-23|language=en-US}}</ref> ''The Magic School Bus 360°'' Cast * [[Lily Tomlin]] as Professor Valerie Frizzle, PhD, Ms. Fiona Frizzle, & The Frizzle Fragments * Amos Crawley as Arnold Perlstein & Mr. Hudson * [[Lisa Yamanaka]] as Wanda Li, Mrs. Li, & Caller * [[Erica Lutrell]] – Keesha Franklin * Tara Meyer – Dorothy Ann Hudson, Pariksha, & Additional Voices * [[Daniel DeSanto]] – Carlos Ramón, Tony Tennelli, & Matthew Math Matthews * [[Stuart Stone]] – Ralphie Tennelli, The Gizmos That Go Staff, The Cosmic Corner Show Announcer, & Caller * Maia Filar – Jyoti Kaur & The Titular “Goldstealer” * Andre Ottley-Lorant – Tim Wright * Renessa Blitz – Janet Perlstein * [[Kevin Zegers]] – Mikey Ramón * Max Beckford – Mr. Ruhle * [[Susan Blu]] * [[Danny Tamberelli]] * [[Malcolm-Jamal Warner]] == Preschool spin-off == On October 17, 2024, it was announced a ''Magic School Bus'' spin-off ''The Magic School Bus: Mighty Explorers'' is currently in the works. The Magic School Bus will talk in this series. The series will be CG-animated and geared more towards a preschool audience. == References == {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{Official website|http://www.scholastic.com/magicschoolbus/home.htm}} * {{IMDb title|id=0108847|title=The Magic School Bus}} * {{bcdb|Other_Studios/S/Scholastic_Entertainment/The_Magic_School_Bus/|The Magic School Bus}} * {{bcdb|Other_Studios/S/Scholastic_Entertainment/The_Magic_School_Bus_360_/|The Magic School Bus 360°}} * {{tv.com show|the-magic-school-bus|The Magic School Bus}} * [https://www.netflix.com/title/80108373 ''The Magic School Bus Rides Again''] at [[Netflix]] * https://aaa.youtube.com/watch?v=VOyWd9JsCjU&pp=ygUhbWFnaWMgc2Nob29sIGJ1cyBuZXdzIGdsb2JhbCAxOTk3{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Former PBS Kids original programming}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Magic School Bus, The}} [[Category:1990s American animated television series]] [[Category:1990s American children's television series]] [[Category:1990s American comedy television series]] [[Category:1990s American television series debuts]] [[Category:1990s American television series endings]] [[Category:1990s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian comedy television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:1990s Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:1994 American television series debuts]] [[Category:1995 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:1997 American television series endings]] [[Category:1997 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:American animated television series]] [[Category:American children's television series]] [[Category:American comedy television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:Animated television series about children]] [[Category:Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:Canadian comedy television series]] [[Category:PBS Kids shows]] [[Category:TVOKids shows]] 82dpsxbb6lga2ku3rzo26b019546008 10368549 10368545 2025-07-03T00:13:47Z 2600:4040:2CC4:E100:B54C:23E2:5B8B:9744 /* Voice cast */ 10368549 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | genre = [[Animated series|Animation]]<br />[[Educational]]<br />[[Adventure fiction|Adventure]]<br />[[Comedy]]<br />[[Science fantasy]] | based_on = {{based on|''[[The Magic School Bus]]''|[[Joanna Cole (author)|Joanna Cole]]<br />[[Bruce Degen]]}} | developer = Alison Blank<br />Kristin Laskas Martin<br />Jane Startz | director = Lawrence Jacobs (season 1)<br />[[Charles E. Bastien]] (seasons 2-3)<br />Shawn Seles | voices = [[Lily Tomlin]]<br />[[Malcolm-Jamal Warner]]<br />[[Lisa Yamanaka]]<br />Amos Crawley<br />[[Danny Tamberelli]]<br />[[Daniel DeSanto]]<br />Tara Meyer<br />[[Erica Luttrell]]<br />Maia Filar<br />[[Stuart Stone]]<br />Max Beckford<br />Andre Ottley-Lorant | composer = [[Peter Lurye]]<br />Fred Barton (seasons 2-4) | opentheme = "Ride on the Magic School Bus", performed by [[Little Richard]] | endtheme = "Ride on the Magic School Bus" (instrumental) | country = Canada<br>United States | language = English | num_seasons = 4 | num_episodes = 52 | runtime = 26 minutes | executive_producer = {{plainlist | * [[Patrick Loubert]] * [[Michael Hirsh (producer)|Michael Hirsh]] * [[Clive A. Smith]] * Alison Blank * Kristin Laskas Martin * Jane Startz * [[Deborah Forte]] * Marty Keltz }} | producer = {{plainlist | * Hasmi Giakoumis (season 1) * Marianne Culbert (seasons 2-4) }} | network = [[PBS]]<br>[[TVOKids]] | first_aired = {{start date|1994|9|10}} | last_aired = {{end date|1997|12|6}} }} '''''The Magic School Bus''''' is an animated educational [[children's television series]], based on the book series of the same name by [[Joanna Cole]] and [[Bruce Degen]]. The series has received critical acclaim for its use of celebrity talent and combining entertainment with an educational series.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mag.awn.com/index.php?ltype=pageone&category2=&article_no=3921&page=1|title=Word Knowledge is Power for WordGirl|last=Moody|first=Annemarie|date=March 7, 2009|website=Animation World Magazine|publisher=Animation World Network|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309032418/http://mag.awn.com/index.php?ltype=pageone&category2=&article_no=3921&page=1|archive-date=March 9, 2009|url-status=dead|access-date=2009-03-07}}</ref> ''Broadcasting & Cable'' said the show was "among the highest-rated [[PBS]] shows for school-age children."<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Green|first=Michelle Y.|date=July 28, 1997|title=Scholastic Productions banks on Best-Sellers|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_broadcasting-cable_broadcasting-cable_1997-07-28_127_31/page/n48|journal=Broadcasting & Cable|publisher=Cahners Publishing Co./Reed Publishing (USA) Inc.|volume=127|issue=31|pages=48}}</ref> A reboot titled ''The Magic School Bus Rides Again'' began on [[Netflix]] on September 29, 2017. ==Plot== The animated series follows the adventures of eccentric teacher Ms. Frizzle and her eight students as they explore the wonders of science on their exciting field trips. Their journey takes them to different locations, time periods, and encounters with various creatures, all while learning about science and the world around them. The school they attend, Walkerville Elementary, is set in the fictitious town of Walkerville. The characters travel all over the world and into space throughout the duration of the show. ==Voice cast== * [[Lily Tomlin]] as Mrs. Valerie Frizzle * Amos Crawley (season 1) & [[Danny Tamberelli]] (seasons 2-4) as Arnold Perlstein * [[Daniel DeSanto]] as Carlos Ramon * Tara Meyer as Dorothy Ann "D.A." Hudson * [[Erica Luttrell]] as Keesha Franklin * Maia Filar as Phoebe Terese * [[Stuart Stone]] as Ralphie Tennelli * Max Beckford (season 1) & Andre Ottley-Lorant (seasons 2-4) as Tim Wright * [[Lisa Yamanaka]] as Wanda Li * [[Dan Hennessey]] as Mr. Flack * [[Edward James Olmos]] as Zookeeper == Production and broadcast == A [[Scholastic Corporation|Scholastic]], [[Nelvana Limited]], and Hanho Heung-Up Co. Ltd. Co-Production, Presented by South Carolina ETV. They made ''The Magic School Bus'' books into an animated television series. It began on September 10, 1994. Many parents and teachers wanted Scholastic, Nelvana Limited, and Hanho Heung-Up Co. Ltd. to help kids and [[Minority group|minorities]] learn more about science in a fun way.<ref name="Clarke">{{Cite journal|last=Clarke|first=Melanie M.|date=June 20, 2005|title=A Scholastic Achievement|journal=Broadcasting & Cable|publisher=Cahners Publishing Co./Reed Publishing (USA) Inc.|volume=135|issue=25|pages=30}}</ref> === Advertisements === Each [[episode]] of the series ran for 30 minutes. There was a ''Producer Says'' part at the end of each episode when ''The Magic School Bus'' had no [[Advertising|advertisements]]. There were no advertisements on [[international]] television, [[VHS]], and [[DVD]]. The ''Producer Says'' part was taken out when ''The Magic School Bus'' had advertisements. This way, there was enough time for advertisements. Sometimes the episode faded to black at the start of the advertisements. When there are no advertisements, the episode faded to black and then faded back in. === Writers === [[Peter Lurye]] wrote the song played at the beginning of the show. It was called "Ride on the Magic School Bus". Famous rock 'n' roll singer [[Little Richard]] sang it.<ref>{{IMDb name|id=0005153|name=Little Richard}}</ref> Shawn Kalb, Frank Saperstein, and [[Jeph Loeb]] helped write the show. They also worked on another [[Nelvana]] show, ''[[Seven Little Monsters]]''. === Broadcast history === ==== In US ==== In the United States, ''The Magic School Bus'' originally aired on [[PBS]] as a part of its children's block, [[PBS Kids|PTV Park]], through [[South Carolina]]'s SCETV network. It was the first fully animated series to be aired on PBS. The final episode aired on December 6, 1997. The series then aired reruns on PBS until October 1998. [[Fox Kids Network]], in a hasty effort to fill educational television mandates for its stations, aired reruns on its weekday block from September 1998 to September 2002. Beginning on September 27, 2010, ''The Magic School Bus'' started a daily run on child-oriented network [[Qubo]] in the US, and on Saturday mornings on [[NBC]]. The Fox Kids and Qubo airings both used a shortened version of the opening. ''The Magic School Bus'' was also seen on TLC from February 15, 2003 until 2008. It also aired on the [[Ready Set Learn]] block on [[Discovery Kids]] from 2004 to 2009. ==== In Canada ==== The series first aired on [[TVOKids]] in 1995. It was widely known in Canada for showing reruns on CBC as part of its children's block, now known as [[CBC Kids|Kids' CBC]], from 1999 to 2004. In 2005, Nelvana sold the series to Latin American versions of Cartoon Network and Nickelodeon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/399041793|title=Deals for Toons, Docs at MIPCOM|last=Dinoff|first=Dustin|date=November 7, 2005|website=accessed through [[ProQuest]]|publisher=[[Playback (magazine)|Playback]]: Canada's Broadcast and Production Journal|access-date=2009-03-26|id={{ProQuest|399041793}} }}</ref> In Canada, the series aired on [[CBC Kids]] (from 2000 until 2003), [[Teletoon]], and [[Knowledge Network]]. In the United Kingdom, it aired on Channel 4 ([[Channel 4|Children Planet]] Programmes Block) and [[Nickelodeon (British and Irish TV channel)|Nickelodeon]]. Since 2005, Canada-based studio [[Nelvana Limited]] acquired the series and sold it to the Latin American versions of [[Cartoon Network (Latin American TV channel)|Cartoon Network]] and [[Nickelodeon (Latin American TV channel)|Nickelodeon]]. As of 2021, the show is currently distributed by [[9 Story Media Group]]. == Home media == The series was originally released on [[VHS]] by KidVision between 1995 and 2003 and on [[DVD]] by [[Warner Home Video]] between 2002 and 2013. Only the VHSs and DVDs contain the funding credits. In the home video releases, all the episodes are uncut with the ''Producer Says'' segments intact. On July 31, 2012, New Video Group released the complete series on DVD in Region 1 for the very first time.<ref>{{Citation|last1=Jacobs|first1=Larry|title=The Magic School Bus: The Complete Series|date=July 31, 2012|url=https://www.amazon.com/Magic-School-Bus-Complete-Series/dp/B007I1Q4MM|last2=Bastien|first2=Charles E.|publisher=New Video Group|language=en|access-date=2016-07-10}}More than one of <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#x7C;accessdate=</code> and <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#x7C;accessdate=</code> specified ([[Help:CS1 errors#redundant parameters|help]]) </ref> On August 15, 2013, Scholastic announced the entire series would be available on [[Netflix]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mediaroom.scholastic.com/press-release/netflix-announces-top-rated-award-winning-scholastic-television-shows-now-available-ki|title=Netflix Announces Top Rated, Award Winning Scholastic Television Shows now Available as Kids Go Back to School {{!}} Scholastic Media Room|website=mediaroom.scholastic.com|access-date=2016-07-10}}</ref> == Reception == Jason Fry, in a column for the online edition of ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', expressed an overall appreciation for the show, but wrote that the episode "The Magic School Bus Gets Programmed" should have been about the dangers of Internet searches and network concepts arising at the time, rather than an old-fashioned technology-run-amok story about the respective roles of programmer and machine (although he conceded that the episode was ten years old).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB119678405113213209|title=Real Time: From PET to Net; A Kid's TV Show Leaves Your Columnist Pondering a Generation of Immense Change; Online edition|last=Fry|first=Jason|date=December 10, 2007|website=The Wall Street Journal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703162249/http://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB119678405113213209|archive-date=2015-07-03|url-status=live|access-date=2009-03-25}}</ref> Tomlin won a [[Emmy Award|Daytime Emmy]] for her role as Ms. Frizzle.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://americantheatrewing.org/biography/detail/lily_tomlin|title=Biography: Lily Tomlin|date=May 2007|publisher=American Theater Wing|access-date=2009-03-26|archive-date=2008-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120102944/http://www.americantheatrewing.org/biography/detail/lily_tomlin|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Games == Various computer and video games associated with the series were released from 1994 to 2001, and were typically amalgamations of storylines from both the original book series and the television show. The games were published by Microsoft Home for the Educational purpose. A video game titled ''The Magic School Bus: Oceans'' was released for [[Nintendo DS]] on October 25, 2011, ten years after the release of the last game. The video game, similar to the computer game before it, was likely based on the book, ''The Magic School Bus On the Ocean Floor'' and the TV episode, ''The Magic School Bus Gets Eaten''. This is the only game to have been released for the Nintendo platform. == Reboot series == On June 10, 2014, a new series was announced by [[Netflix]] and Scholastic Media titled ''The Magic School Bus 360°''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/11/business/media/netflix-orders-new-childrens-show-based-on-magic-school-bus.html?emc=edit_tnt_20140610&nlid=39945777&tntemail0=y&_r=2|title=Netflix Orders New Children's Show Based on 'Magic School Bus|last=Jensen|first=Elizabeth|date=June 10, 2014|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/news/tvnews.php?id=119412|title=Scholastic is Bringing The Magic School Bus 360 degrees to Netflix|date=June 11, 2014|publisher=Coming Soon|access-date=2014-06-11|archive-date=2014-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701232929/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/tvnews.php?id=119412|url-status=dead}}</ref> The new iteration of the franchise features a modernized Ms. Frizzle and high-tech bus that stresses modern inventions such as robotics, wearables and camera technology. The producers hoped to captivate children's imaginations and motivate their interest in the sciences.<ref name="kidscreen.com">{{cite web|url=http://kidscreen.com/2016/02/10/9-story-boards-netflixs-magic-school-bus-reboot/|title=Kidscreen » Archive » 9 Story boards Netflix's Magic School Bus reboot|date=February 10, 2016|work=Kidscreen}}</ref><ref name="cartoon">{{Cite news|url=http://blog.bcdb.com/animated-series-reboots-7699/|title=Three New Animated Series, Reboots All|last=Koch|first=Dave|date=June 18, 2014|access-date=2014-06-18|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140620233051/http://blog.bcdb.com/animated-series-reboots-7699/|archive-date=June 20, 2014|url-status=dead|publisher=Big Cartoon News}}</ref> [[9 Story Media Group]] would produce the series.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://miscrave.com/articles/magic-school-bus-360-delayed/|title=The Magic School Bus 360 delayed to 2017|date=December 3, 2016|website=Coming Soon'|access-date=2016-12-03}}</ref> Producer Stuart Stone, who voiced Ralphie in the original series, stated that ''The Magic School Bus 360°'' will feature some of the original voice actors in same roles. The show's voice cast is based in [[Los Angeles]] and [[Toronto]] with [[Susan Blu]] as the Los Angeles voice director and [[Alyson Court]] as the Toronto voice director.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/magic-school-bus-reboot-netflix-tmz|title=Celebrity cameos, familiar voices to ride 'Magic School Bus' reboot|last=Gael Fashingbauer Cooper|date=January 4, 2017|publisher=CNET|access-date=2017-07-27}}</ref> In February 2017, Netflix announced that [[Lily Tomlin]] was in the role of Fiona Felicity Frizzle, the younger sister of Ms. Frizzle, now Professor Frizzle, again played by Tomlin. By this point the title of the series had been changed to ''The Magic School Bus Rides Again''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ew.com/tv/2017/02/08/kate-mckinnon-ms-frizzle-magic-school-bus-netflix/|title=Kate McKinnon to voice Ms. Frizzle in Netflix's 'Magic School Bus' revival|last=Serrao|first=Nivea|date=February 9, 2017|publisher=Entertainment Weekly|access-date=2017-07-27|archive-date=2017-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730110043/http://ew.com/tv/2017/02/08/kate-mckinnon-ms-frizzle-magic-school-bus-netflix/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Little Richard]] returns to perform the theme song.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/lin-manuel-miranda-magic-school-bus-theme-song-1035172|title=Lin-Manuel Miranda Updates 'Magic School Bus' Theme Song for Netflix Reboot|last=Stanhope|first=Kate|date=September 5, 2017|website=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=2017-09-05}}</ref> The series began on [[Netflix]] on September 29, 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://ew.com/tv/2017/08/23/new-to-netflix-september-2017/|title=New to Netflix in September: 'Pulp Fiction', 'Jerry Before Seinfeld' and More|date=August 23, 2017|work=EW.com|access-date=2017-08-23|language=en-US}}</ref> ''The Magic School Bus 360°'' Cast * [[Lily Tomlin]] as Professor Valerie Frizzle, PhD, Ms. Fiona Frizzle, & The Frizzle Fragments * Amos Crawley as Arnold Perlstein & Mr. Hudson * [[Lisa Yamanaka]] as Wanda Li, Mrs. Li, & Caller * [[Erica Lutrell]] – Keesha Franklin * Tara Meyer – Dorothy Ann Hudson, Pariksha, & Additional Voices * [[Daniel DeSanto]] – Carlos Ramón, Tony Tennelli, & Matthew Math Matthews * [[Stuart Stone]] – Ralphie Tennelli, The Gizmos That Go Staff, The Cosmic Corner Show Announcer, & Caller * Maia Filar – Jyoti Kaur & The Titular “Goldstealer” * Andre Ottley-Lorant – Tim Wright * Renessa Blitz – Janet Perlstein * [[Kevin Zegers]] – Mikey Ramón * Max Beckford – Mr. Ruhle * [[Susan Blu]] * [[Danny Tamberelli]] * [[Malcolm-Jamal Warner]] == Preschool spin-off == On October 17, 2024, it was announced a ''Magic School Bus'' spin-off ''The Magic School Bus: Mighty Explorers'' is currently in the works. The Magic School Bus will talk in this series. The series will be CG-animated and geared more towards a preschool audience. == References == {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{Official website|http://www.scholastic.com/magicschoolbus/home.htm}} * {{IMDb title|id=0108847|title=The Magic School Bus}} * {{bcdb|Other_Studios/S/Scholastic_Entertainment/The_Magic_School_Bus/|The Magic School Bus}} * {{bcdb|Other_Studios/S/Scholastic_Entertainment/The_Magic_School_Bus_360_/|The Magic School Bus 360°}} * {{tv.com show|the-magic-school-bus|The Magic School Bus}} * [https://www.netflix.com/title/80108373 ''The Magic School Bus Rides Again''] at [[Netflix]] * https://aaa.youtube.com/watch?v=VOyWd9JsCjU&pp=ygUhbWFnaWMgc2Nob29sIGJ1cyBuZXdzIGdsb2JhbCAxOTk3{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Former PBS Kids original programming}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Magic School Bus, The}} [[Category:1990s American animated television series]] [[Category:1990s American children's television series]] [[Category:1990s American comedy television series]] [[Category:1990s American television series debuts]] [[Category:1990s American television series endings]] [[Category:1990s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian comedy television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:1990s Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:1994 American television series debuts]] [[Category:1995 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:1997 American television series endings]] [[Category:1997 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:American animated television series]] [[Category:American children's television series]] [[Category:American comedy television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:Animated television series about children]] [[Category:Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:Canadian comedy television series]] [[Category:PBS Kids shows]] [[Category:TVOKids shows]] 61s4ewinxzsnxq2yrmwukcrkl9gq8x7 10368550 10368549 2025-07-03T00:16:20Z 2600:4040:2CC4:E100:B54C:23E2:5B8B:9744 /* Writers */ 10368550 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | genre = [[Animated series|Animation]]<br />[[Educational]]<br />[[Adventure fiction|Adventure]]<br />[[Comedy]]<br />[[Science fantasy]] | based_on = {{based on|''[[The Magic School Bus]]''|[[Joanna Cole (author)|Joanna Cole]]<br />[[Bruce Degen]]}} | developer = Alison Blank<br />Kristin Laskas Martin<br />Jane Startz | director = Lawrence Jacobs (season 1)<br />[[Charles E. Bastien]] (seasons 2-3)<br />Shawn Seles | voices = [[Lily Tomlin]]<br />[[Malcolm-Jamal Warner]]<br />[[Lisa Yamanaka]]<br />Amos Crawley<br />[[Danny Tamberelli]]<br />[[Daniel DeSanto]]<br />Tara Meyer<br />[[Erica Luttrell]]<br />Maia Filar<br />[[Stuart Stone]]<br />Max Beckford<br />Andre Ottley-Lorant | composer = [[Peter Lurye]]<br />Fred Barton (seasons 2-4) | opentheme = "Ride on the Magic School Bus", performed by [[Little Richard]] | endtheme = "Ride on the Magic School Bus" (instrumental) | country = Canada<br>United States | language = English | num_seasons = 4 | num_episodes = 52 | runtime = 26 minutes | executive_producer = {{plainlist | * [[Patrick Loubert]] * [[Michael Hirsh (producer)|Michael Hirsh]] * [[Clive A. Smith]] * Alison Blank * Kristin Laskas Martin * Jane Startz * [[Deborah Forte]] * Marty Keltz }} | producer = {{plainlist | * Hasmi Giakoumis (season 1) * Marianne Culbert (seasons 2-4) }} | network = [[PBS]]<br>[[TVOKids]] | first_aired = {{start date|1994|9|10}} | last_aired = {{end date|1997|12|6}} }} '''''The Magic School Bus''''' is an animated educational [[children's television series]], based on the book series of the same name by [[Joanna Cole]] and [[Bruce Degen]]. The series has received critical acclaim for its use of celebrity talent and combining entertainment with an educational series.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mag.awn.com/index.php?ltype=pageone&category2=&article_no=3921&page=1|title=Word Knowledge is Power for WordGirl|last=Moody|first=Annemarie|date=March 7, 2009|website=Animation World Magazine|publisher=Animation World Network|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309032418/http://mag.awn.com/index.php?ltype=pageone&category2=&article_no=3921&page=1|archive-date=March 9, 2009|url-status=dead|access-date=2009-03-07}}</ref> ''Broadcasting & Cable'' said the show was "among the highest-rated [[PBS]] shows for school-age children."<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Green|first=Michelle Y.|date=July 28, 1997|title=Scholastic Productions banks on Best-Sellers|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_broadcasting-cable_broadcasting-cable_1997-07-28_127_31/page/n48|journal=Broadcasting & Cable|publisher=Cahners Publishing Co./Reed Publishing (USA) Inc.|volume=127|issue=31|pages=48}}</ref> A reboot titled ''The Magic School Bus Rides Again'' began on [[Netflix]] on September 29, 2017. ==Plot== The animated series follows the adventures of eccentric teacher Ms. Frizzle and her eight students as they explore the wonders of science on their exciting field trips. Their journey takes them to different locations, time periods, and encounters with various creatures, all while learning about science and the world around them. The school they attend, Walkerville Elementary, is set in the fictitious town of Walkerville. The characters travel all over the world and into space throughout the duration of the show. ==Voice cast== * [[Lily Tomlin]] as Mrs. Valerie Frizzle * Amos Crawley (season 1) & [[Danny Tamberelli]] (seasons 2-4) as Arnold Perlstein * [[Daniel DeSanto]] as Carlos Ramon * Tara Meyer as Dorothy Ann "D.A." Hudson * [[Erica Luttrell]] as Keesha Franklin * Maia Filar as Phoebe Terese * [[Stuart Stone]] as Ralphie Tennelli * Max Beckford (season 1) & Andre Ottley-Lorant (seasons 2-4) as Tim Wright * [[Lisa Yamanaka]] as Wanda Li * [[Dan Hennessey]] as Mr. Flack * [[Edward James Olmos]] as Zookeeper == Production and broadcast == A [[Scholastic Corporation|Scholastic]], [[Nelvana Limited]], and Hanho Heung-Up Co. Ltd. Co-Production, Presented by South Carolina ETV. They made ''The Magic School Bus'' books into an animated television series. It began on September 10, 1994. Many parents and teachers wanted Scholastic, Nelvana Limited, and Hanho Heung-Up Co. Ltd. to help kids and [[Minority group|minorities]] learn more about science in a fun way.<ref name="Clarke">{{Cite journal|last=Clarke|first=Melanie M.|date=June 20, 2005|title=A Scholastic Achievement|journal=Broadcasting & Cable|publisher=Cahners Publishing Co./Reed Publishing (USA) Inc.|volume=135|issue=25|pages=30}}</ref> === Advertisements === Each [[episode]] of the series ran for 30 minutes. There was a ''Producer Says'' part at the end of each episode when ''The Magic School Bus'' had no [[Advertising|advertisements]]. There were no advertisements on [[international]] television, [[VHS]], and [[DVD]]. The ''Producer Says'' part was taken out when ''The Magic School Bus'' had advertisements. This way, there was enough time for advertisements. Sometimes the episode faded to black at the start of the advertisements. When there are no advertisements, the episode faded to black and then faded back in. === Writers === [[Peter Lurye]] wrote the song played at the beginning of the show. It was called "Ride on the Magic School Bus". Famous rock 'n' roll singer [[Little Richard]] sang it.<ref>{{IMDb name|id=0005153|name=Little Richard}}</ref> Shawn Kalb, Frank Saperstein, & [[Jeph Loeb]] helped write the show. They also worked on another [[Nelvana]] show, ''[[Seven Little Monsters]]''. === Broadcast history === ==== In US ==== In the United States, ''The Magic School Bus'' originally aired on [[PBS]] as a part of its children's block, [[PBS Kids|PTV Park]], through [[South Carolina]]'s SCETV network. It was the first fully animated series to be aired on PBS. The final episode aired on December 6, 1997. The series then aired reruns on PBS until October 1998. [[Fox Kids Network]], in a hasty effort to fill educational television mandates for its stations, aired reruns on its weekday block from September 1998 to September 2002. Beginning on September 27, 2010, ''The Magic School Bus'' started a daily run on child-oriented network [[Qubo]] in the US, and on Saturday mornings on [[NBC]]. The Fox Kids and Qubo airings both used a shortened version of the opening. ''The Magic School Bus'' was also seen on TLC from February 15, 2003 until 2008. It also aired on the [[Ready Set Learn]] block on [[Discovery Kids]] from 2004 to 2009. ==== In Canada ==== The series first aired on [[TVOKids]] in 1995. It was widely known in Canada for showing reruns on CBC as part of its children's block, now known as [[CBC Kids|Kids' CBC]], from 1999 to 2004. In 2005, Nelvana sold the series to Latin American versions of Cartoon Network and Nickelodeon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/399041793|title=Deals for Toons, Docs at MIPCOM|last=Dinoff|first=Dustin|date=November 7, 2005|website=accessed through [[ProQuest]]|publisher=[[Playback (magazine)|Playback]]: Canada's Broadcast and Production Journal|access-date=2009-03-26|id={{ProQuest|399041793}} }}</ref> In Canada, the series aired on [[CBC Kids]] (from 2000 until 2003), [[Teletoon]], and [[Knowledge Network]]. In the United Kingdom, it aired on Channel 4 ([[Channel 4|Children Planet]] Programmes Block) and [[Nickelodeon (British and Irish TV channel)|Nickelodeon]]. Since 2005, Canada-based studio [[Nelvana Limited]] acquired the series and sold it to the Latin American versions of [[Cartoon Network (Latin American TV channel)|Cartoon Network]] and [[Nickelodeon (Latin American TV channel)|Nickelodeon]]. As of 2021, the show is currently distributed by [[9 Story Media Group]]. == Home media == The series was originally released on [[VHS]] by KidVision between 1995 and 2003 and on [[DVD]] by [[Warner Home Video]] between 2002 and 2013. Only the VHSs and DVDs contain the funding credits. In the home video releases, all the episodes are uncut with the ''Producer Says'' segments intact. On July 31, 2012, New Video Group released the complete series on DVD in Region 1 for the very first time.<ref>{{Citation|last1=Jacobs|first1=Larry|title=The Magic School Bus: The Complete Series|date=July 31, 2012|url=https://www.amazon.com/Magic-School-Bus-Complete-Series/dp/B007I1Q4MM|last2=Bastien|first2=Charles E.|publisher=New Video Group|language=en|access-date=2016-07-10}}More than one of <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#x7C;accessdate=</code> and <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#x7C;accessdate=</code> specified ([[Help:CS1 errors#redundant parameters|help]]) </ref> On August 15, 2013, Scholastic announced the entire series would be available on [[Netflix]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mediaroom.scholastic.com/press-release/netflix-announces-top-rated-award-winning-scholastic-television-shows-now-available-ki|title=Netflix Announces Top Rated, Award Winning Scholastic Television Shows now Available as Kids Go Back to School {{!}} Scholastic Media Room|website=mediaroom.scholastic.com|access-date=2016-07-10}}</ref> == Reception == Jason Fry, in a column for the online edition of ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', expressed an overall appreciation for the show, but wrote that the episode "The Magic School Bus Gets Programmed" should have been about the dangers of Internet searches and network concepts arising at the time, rather than an old-fashioned technology-run-amok story about the respective roles of programmer and machine (although he conceded that the episode was ten years old).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB119678405113213209|title=Real Time: From PET to Net; A Kid's TV Show Leaves Your Columnist Pondering a Generation of Immense Change; Online edition|last=Fry|first=Jason|date=December 10, 2007|website=The Wall Street Journal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703162249/http://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB119678405113213209|archive-date=2015-07-03|url-status=live|access-date=2009-03-25}}</ref> Tomlin won a [[Emmy Award|Daytime Emmy]] for her role as Ms. Frizzle.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://americantheatrewing.org/biography/detail/lily_tomlin|title=Biography: Lily Tomlin|date=May 2007|publisher=American Theater Wing|access-date=2009-03-26|archive-date=2008-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120102944/http://www.americantheatrewing.org/biography/detail/lily_tomlin|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Games == Various computer and video games associated with the series were released from 1994 to 2001, and were typically amalgamations of storylines from both the original book series and the television show. The games were published by Microsoft Home for the Educational purpose. A video game titled ''The Magic School Bus: Oceans'' was released for [[Nintendo DS]] on October 25, 2011, ten years after the release of the last game. The video game, similar to the computer game before it, was likely based on the book, ''The Magic School Bus On the Ocean Floor'' and the TV episode, ''The Magic School Bus Gets Eaten''. This is the only game to have been released for the Nintendo platform. == Reboot series == On June 10, 2014, a new series was announced by [[Netflix]] and Scholastic Media titled ''The Magic School Bus 360°''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/11/business/media/netflix-orders-new-childrens-show-based-on-magic-school-bus.html?emc=edit_tnt_20140610&nlid=39945777&tntemail0=y&_r=2|title=Netflix Orders New Children's Show Based on 'Magic School Bus|last=Jensen|first=Elizabeth|date=June 10, 2014|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/news/tvnews.php?id=119412|title=Scholastic is Bringing The Magic School Bus 360 degrees to Netflix|date=June 11, 2014|publisher=Coming Soon|access-date=2014-06-11|archive-date=2014-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701232929/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/tvnews.php?id=119412|url-status=dead}}</ref> The new iteration of the franchise features a modernized Ms. Frizzle and high-tech bus that stresses modern inventions such as robotics, wearables and camera technology. The producers hoped to captivate children's imaginations and motivate their interest in the sciences.<ref name="kidscreen.com">{{cite web|url=http://kidscreen.com/2016/02/10/9-story-boards-netflixs-magic-school-bus-reboot/|title=Kidscreen » Archive » 9 Story boards Netflix's Magic School Bus reboot|date=February 10, 2016|work=Kidscreen}}</ref><ref name="cartoon">{{Cite news|url=http://blog.bcdb.com/animated-series-reboots-7699/|title=Three New Animated Series, Reboots All|last=Koch|first=Dave|date=June 18, 2014|access-date=2014-06-18|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140620233051/http://blog.bcdb.com/animated-series-reboots-7699/|archive-date=June 20, 2014|url-status=dead|publisher=Big Cartoon News}}</ref> [[9 Story Media Group]] would produce the series.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://miscrave.com/articles/magic-school-bus-360-delayed/|title=The Magic School Bus 360 delayed to 2017|date=December 3, 2016|website=Coming Soon'|access-date=2016-12-03}}</ref> Producer Stuart Stone, who voiced Ralphie in the original series, stated that ''The Magic School Bus 360°'' will feature some of the original voice actors in same roles. The show's voice cast is based in [[Los Angeles]] and [[Toronto]] with [[Susan Blu]] as the Los Angeles voice director and [[Alyson Court]] as the Toronto voice director.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/magic-school-bus-reboot-netflix-tmz|title=Celebrity cameos, familiar voices to ride 'Magic School Bus' reboot|last=Gael Fashingbauer Cooper|date=January 4, 2017|publisher=CNET|access-date=2017-07-27}}</ref> In February 2017, Netflix announced that [[Lily Tomlin]] was in the role of Fiona Felicity Frizzle, the younger sister of Ms. Frizzle, now Professor Frizzle, again played by Tomlin. By this point the title of the series had been changed to ''The Magic School Bus Rides Again''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ew.com/tv/2017/02/08/kate-mckinnon-ms-frizzle-magic-school-bus-netflix/|title=Kate McKinnon to voice Ms. Frizzle in Netflix's 'Magic School Bus' revival|last=Serrao|first=Nivea|date=February 9, 2017|publisher=Entertainment Weekly|access-date=2017-07-27|archive-date=2017-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730110043/http://ew.com/tv/2017/02/08/kate-mckinnon-ms-frizzle-magic-school-bus-netflix/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Little Richard]] returns to perform the theme song.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/lin-manuel-miranda-magic-school-bus-theme-song-1035172|title=Lin-Manuel Miranda Updates 'Magic School Bus' Theme Song for Netflix Reboot|last=Stanhope|first=Kate|date=September 5, 2017|website=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=2017-09-05}}</ref> The series began on [[Netflix]] on September 29, 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://ew.com/tv/2017/08/23/new-to-netflix-september-2017/|title=New to Netflix in September: 'Pulp Fiction', 'Jerry Before Seinfeld' and More|date=August 23, 2017|work=EW.com|access-date=2017-08-23|language=en-US}}</ref> ''The Magic School Bus 360°'' Cast * [[Lily Tomlin]] as Professor Valerie Frizzle, PhD, Ms. Fiona Frizzle, & The Frizzle Fragments * Amos Crawley as Arnold Perlstein & Mr. Hudson * [[Lisa Yamanaka]] as Wanda Li, Mrs. Li, & Caller * [[Erica Lutrell]] – Keesha Franklin * Tara Meyer – Dorothy Ann Hudson, Pariksha, & Additional Voices * [[Daniel DeSanto]] – Carlos Ramón, Tony Tennelli, & Matthew Math Matthews * [[Stuart Stone]] – Ralphie Tennelli, The Gizmos That Go Staff, The Cosmic Corner Show Announcer, & Caller * Maia Filar – Jyoti Kaur & The Titular “Goldstealer” * Andre Ottley-Lorant – Tim Wright * Renessa Blitz – Janet Perlstein * [[Kevin Zegers]] – Mikey Ramón * Max Beckford – Mr. Ruhle * [[Susan Blu]] * [[Danny Tamberelli]] * [[Malcolm-Jamal Warner]] == Preschool spin-off == On October 17, 2024, it was announced a ''Magic School Bus'' spin-off ''The Magic School Bus: Mighty Explorers'' is currently in the works. The Magic School Bus will talk in this series. The series will be CG-animated and geared more towards a preschool audience. == References == {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{Official website|http://www.scholastic.com/magicschoolbus/home.htm}} * {{IMDb title|id=0108847|title=The Magic School Bus}} * {{bcdb|Other_Studios/S/Scholastic_Entertainment/The_Magic_School_Bus/|The Magic School Bus}} * {{bcdb|Other_Studios/S/Scholastic_Entertainment/The_Magic_School_Bus_360_/|The Magic School Bus 360°}} * {{tv.com show|the-magic-school-bus|The Magic School Bus}} * [https://www.netflix.com/title/80108373 ''The Magic School Bus Rides Again''] at [[Netflix]] * https://aaa.youtube.com/watch?v=VOyWd9JsCjU&pp=ygUhbWFnaWMgc2Nob29sIGJ1cyBuZXdzIGdsb2JhbCAxOTk3{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Former PBS Kids original programming}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Magic School Bus, The}} [[Category:1990s American animated television series]] [[Category:1990s American children's television series]] [[Category:1990s American comedy television series]] [[Category:1990s American television series debuts]] [[Category:1990s American television series endings]] [[Category:1990s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian comedy television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:1990s Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:1994 American television series debuts]] [[Category:1995 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:1997 American television series endings]] [[Category:1997 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:American animated television series]] [[Category:American children's television series]] [[Category:American comedy television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:Animated television series about children]] [[Category:Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:Canadian comedy television series]] [[Category:PBS Kids shows]] [[Category:TVOKids shows]] 0sa9721kseyyfa44nqris4gt5lcn3kz 10368553 10368550 2025-07-03T00:17:13Z 2600:4040:2CC4:E100:B54C:23E2:5B8B:9744 /* Writers */ 10368553 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | genre = [[Animated series|Animation]]<br />[[Educational]]<br />[[Adventure fiction|Adventure]]<br />[[Comedy]]<br />[[Science fantasy]] | based_on = {{based on|''[[The Magic School Bus]]''|[[Joanna Cole (author)|Joanna Cole]]<br />[[Bruce Degen]]}} | developer = Alison Blank<br />Kristin Laskas Martin<br />Jane Startz | director = Lawrence Jacobs (season 1)<br />[[Charles E. Bastien]] (seasons 2-3)<br />Shawn Seles | voices = [[Lily Tomlin]]<br />[[Malcolm-Jamal Warner]]<br />[[Lisa Yamanaka]]<br />Amos Crawley<br />[[Danny Tamberelli]]<br />[[Daniel DeSanto]]<br />Tara Meyer<br />[[Erica Luttrell]]<br />Maia Filar<br />[[Stuart Stone]]<br />Max Beckford<br />Andre Ottley-Lorant | composer = [[Peter Lurye]]<br />Fred Barton (seasons 2-4) | opentheme = "Ride on the Magic School Bus", performed by [[Little Richard]] | endtheme = "Ride on the Magic School Bus" (instrumental) | country = Canada<br>United States | language = English | num_seasons = 4 | num_episodes = 52 | runtime = 26 minutes | executive_producer = {{plainlist | * [[Patrick Loubert]] * [[Michael Hirsh (producer)|Michael Hirsh]] * [[Clive A. Smith]] * Alison Blank * Kristin Laskas Martin * Jane Startz * [[Deborah Forte]] * Marty Keltz }} | producer = {{plainlist | * Hasmi Giakoumis (season 1) * Marianne Culbert (seasons 2-4) }} | network = [[PBS]]<br>[[TVOKids]] | first_aired = {{start date|1994|9|10}} | last_aired = {{end date|1997|12|6}} }} '''''The Magic School Bus''''' is an animated educational [[children's television series]], based on the book series of the same name by [[Joanna Cole]] and [[Bruce Degen]]. The series has received critical acclaim for its use of celebrity talent and combining entertainment with an educational series.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mag.awn.com/index.php?ltype=pageone&category2=&article_no=3921&page=1|title=Word Knowledge is Power for WordGirl|last=Moody|first=Annemarie|date=March 7, 2009|website=Animation World Magazine|publisher=Animation World Network|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309032418/http://mag.awn.com/index.php?ltype=pageone&category2=&article_no=3921&page=1|archive-date=March 9, 2009|url-status=dead|access-date=2009-03-07}}</ref> ''Broadcasting & Cable'' said the show was "among the highest-rated [[PBS]] shows for school-age children."<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Green|first=Michelle Y.|date=July 28, 1997|title=Scholastic Productions banks on Best-Sellers|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_broadcasting-cable_broadcasting-cable_1997-07-28_127_31/page/n48|journal=Broadcasting & Cable|publisher=Cahners Publishing Co./Reed Publishing (USA) Inc.|volume=127|issue=31|pages=48}}</ref> A reboot titled ''The Magic School Bus Rides Again'' began on [[Netflix]] on September 29, 2017. ==Plot== The animated series follows the adventures of eccentric teacher Ms. Frizzle and her eight students as they explore the wonders of science on their exciting field trips. Their journey takes them to different locations, time periods, and encounters with various creatures, all while learning about science and the world around them. The school they attend, Walkerville Elementary, is set in the fictitious town of Walkerville. The characters travel all over the world and into space throughout the duration of the show. ==Voice cast== * [[Lily Tomlin]] as Mrs. Valerie Frizzle * Amos Crawley (season 1) & [[Danny Tamberelli]] (seasons 2-4) as Arnold Perlstein * [[Daniel DeSanto]] as Carlos Ramon * Tara Meyer as Dorothy Ann "D.A." Hudson * [[Erica Luttrell]] as Keesha Franklin * Maia Filar as Phoebe Terese * [[Stuart Stone]] as Ralphie Tennelli * Max Beckford (season 1) & Andre Ottley-Lorant (seasons 2-4) as Tim Wright * [[Lisa Yamanaka]] as Wanda Li * [[Dan Hennessey]] as Mr. Flack * [[Edward James Olmos]] as Zookeeper == Production and broadcast == A [[Scholastic Corporation|Scholastic]], [[Nelvana Limited]], and Hanho Heung-Up Co. Ltd. Co-Production, Presented by South Carolina ETV. They made ''The Magic School Bus'' books into an animated television series. It began on September 10, 1994. Many parents and teachers wanted Scholastic, Nelvana Limited, and Hanho Heung-Up Co. Ltd. to help kids and [[Minority group|minorities]] learn more about science in a fun way.<ref name="Clarke">{{Cite journal|last=Clarke|first=Melanie M.|date=June 20, 2005|title=A Scholastic Achievement|journal=Broadcasting & Cable|publisher=Cahners Publishing Co./Reed Publishing (USA) Inc.|volume=135|issue=25|pages=30}}</ref> === Advertisements === Each [[episode]] of the series ran for 30 minutes. There was a ''Producer Says'' part at the end of each episode when ''The Magic School Bus'' had no [[Advertising|advertisements]]. There were no advertisements on [[international]] television, [[VHS]], and [[DVD]]. The ''Producer Says'' part was taken out when ''The Magic School Bus'' had advertisements. This way, there was enough time for advertisements. Sometimes the episode faded to black at the start of the advertisements. When there are no advertisements, the episode faded to black and then faded back in. === Writers === [[Peter Lurye]] wrote the song played at the beginning of the show. It was called "Ride on the Magic School Bus". Famous rock 'n' roll singer [[Little Richard]] sang it.<ref>{{IMDb name|id=0005153|name=Little Richard}}</ref> Shawn Kalb, Frank Saperstein, & [[Jeph Loeb]] helped write the show. They also worked on another [[Nelvana]] show, ''[[Seven Little Monsters (TV series)|Seven Little Monsters]]''. === Broadcast history === ==== In US ==== In the United States, ''The Magic School Bus'' originally aired on [[PBS]] as a part of its children's block, [[PBS Kids|PTV Park]], through [[South Carolina]]'s SCETV network. It was the first fully animated series to be aired on PBS. The final episode aired on December 6, 1997. The series then aired reruns on PBS until October 1998. [[Fox Kids Network]], in a hasty effort to fill educational television mandates for its stations, aired reruns on its weekday block from September 1998 to September 2002. Beginning on September 27, 2010, ''The Magic School Bus'' started a daily run on child-oriented network [[Qubo]] in the US, and on Saturday mornings on [[NBC]]. The Fox Kids and Qubo airings both used a shortened version of the opening. ''The Magic School Bus'' was also seen on TLC from February 15, 2003 until 2008. It also aired on the [[Ready Set Learn]] block on [[Discovery Kids]] from 2004 to 2009. ==== In Canada ==== The series first aired on [[TVOKids]] in 1995. It was widely known in Canada for showing reruns on CBC as part of its children's block, now known as [[CBC Kids|Kids' CBC]], from 1999 to 2004. In 2005, Nelvana sold the series to Latin American versions of Cartoon Network and Nickelodeon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/399041793|title=Deals for Toons, Docs at MIPCOM|last=Dinoff|first=Dustin|date=November 7, 2005|website=accessed through [[ProQuest]]|publisher=[[Playback (magazine)|Playback]]: Canada's Broadcast and Production Journal|access-date=2009-03-26|id={{ProQuest|399041793}} }}</ref> In Canada, the series aired on [[CBC Kids]] (from 2000 until 2003), [[Teletoon]], and [[Knowledge Network]]. In the United Kingdom, it aired on Channel 4 ([[Channel 4|Children Planet]] Programmes Block) and [[Nickelodeon (British and Irish TV channel)|Nickelodeon]]. Since 2005, Canada-based studio [[Nelvana Limited]] acquired the series and sold it to the Latin American versions of [[Cartoon Network (Latin American TV channel)|Cartoon Network]] and [[Nickelodeon (Latin American TV channel)|Nickelodeon]]. As of 2021, the show is currently distributed by [[9 Story Media Group]]. == Home media == The series was originally released on [[VHS]] by KidVision between 1995 and 2003 and on [[DVD]] by [[Warner Home Video]] between 2002 and 2013. Only the VHSs and DVDs contain the funding credits. In the home video releases, all the episodes are uncut with the ''Producer Says'' segments intact. On July 31, 2012, New Video Group released the complete series on DVD in Region 1 for the very first time.<ref>{{Citation|last1=Jacobs|first1=Larry|title=The Magic School Bus: The Complete Series|date=July 31, 2012|url=https://www.amazon.com/Magic-School-Bus-Complete-Series/dp/B007I1Q4MM|last2=Bastien|first2=Charles E.|publisher=New Video Group|language=en|access-date=2016-07-10}}More than one of <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#x7C;accessdate=</code> and <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#x7C;accessdate=</code> specified ([[Help:CS1 errors#redundant parameters|help]]) </ref> On August 15, 2013, Scholastic announced the entire series would be available on [[Netflix]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mediaroom.scholastic.com/press-release/netflix-announces-top-rated-award-winning-scholastic-television-shows-now-available-ki|title=Netflix Announces Top Rated, Award Winning Scholastic Television Shows now Available as Kids Go Back to School {{!}} Scholastic Media Room|website=mediaroom.scholastic.com|access-date=2016-07-10}}</ref> == Reception == Jason Fry, in a column for the online edition of ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', expressed an overall appreciation for the show, but wrote that the episode "The Magic School Bus Gets Programmed" should have been about the dangers of Internet searches and network concepts arising at the time, rather than an old-fashioned technology-run-amok story about the respective roles of programmer and machine (although he conceded that the episode was ten years old).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB119678405113213209|title=Real Time: From PET to Net; A Kid's TV Show Leaves Your Columnist Pondering a Generation of Immense Change; Online edition|last=Fry|first=Jason|date=December 10, 2007|website=The Wall Street Journal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703162249/http://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB119678405113213209|archive-date=2015-07-03|url-status=live|access-date=2009-03-25}}</ref> Tomlin won a [[Emmy Award|Daytime Emmy]] for her role as Ms. Frizzle.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://americantheatrewing.org/biography/detail/lily_tomlin|title=Biography: Lily Tomlin|date=May 2007|publisher=American Theater Wing|access-date=2009-03-26|archive-date=2008-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120102944/http://www.americantheatrewing.org/biography/detail/lily_tomlin|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Games == Various computer and video games associated with the series were released from 1994 to 2001, and were typically amalgamations of storylines from both the original book series and the television show. The games were published by Microsoft Home for the Educational purpose. A video game titled ''The Magic School Bus: Oceans'' was released for [[Nintendo DS]] on October 25, 2011, ten years after the release of the last game. The video game, similar to the computer game before it, was likely based on the book, ''The Magic School Bus On the Ocean Floor'' and the TV episode, ''The Magic School Bus Gets Eaten''. This is the only game to have been released for the Nintendo platform. == Reboot series == On June 10, 2014, a new series was announced by [[Netflix]] and Scholastic Media titled ''The Magic School Bus 360°''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/11/business/media/netflix-orders-new-childrens-show-based-on-magic-school-bus.html?emc=edit_tnt_20140610&nlid=39945777&tntemail0=y&_r=2|title=Netflix Orders New Children's Show Based on 'Magic School Bus|last=Jensen|first=Elizabeth|date=June 10, 2014|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/news/tvnews.php?id=119412|title=Scholastic is Bringing The Magic School Bus 360 degrees to Netflix|date=June 11, 2014|publisher=Coming Soon|access-date=2014-06-11|archive-date=2014-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701232929/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/tvnews.php?id=119412|url-status=dead}}</ref> The new iteration of the franchise features a modernized Ms. Frizzle and high-tech bus that stresses modern inventions such as robotics, wearables and camera technology. The producers hoped to captivate children's imaginations and motivate their interest in the sciences.<ref name="kidscreen.com">{{cite web|url=http://kidscreen.com/2016/02/10/9-story-boards-netflixs-magic-school-bus-reboot/|title=Kidscreen » Archive » 9 Story boards Netflix's Magic School Bus reboot|date=February 10, 2016|work=Kidscreen}}</ref><ref name="cartoon">{{Cite news|url=http://blog.bcdb.com/animated-series-reboots-7699/|title=Three New Animated Series, Reboots All|last=Koch|first=Dave|date=June 18, 2014|access-date=2014-06-18|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140620233051/http://blog.bcdb.com/animated-series-reboots-7699/|archive-date=June 20, 2014|url-status=dead|publisher=Big Cartoon News}}</ref> [[9 Story Media Group]] would produce the series.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://miscrave.com/articles/magic-school-bus-360-delayed/|title=The Magic School Bus 360 delayed to 2017|date=December 3, 2016|website=Coming Soon'|access-date=2016-12-03}}</ref> Producer Stuart Stone, who voiced Ralphie in the original series, stated that ''The Magic School Bus 360°'' will feature some of the original voice actors in same roles. The show's voice cast is based in [[Los Angeles]] and [[Toronto]] with [[Susan Blu]] as the Los Angeles voice director and [[Alyson Court]] as the Toronto voice director.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/magic-school-bus-reboot-netflix-tmz|title=Celebrity cameos, familiar voices to ride 'Magic School Bus' reboot|last=Gael Fashingbauer Cooper|date=January 4, 2017|publisher=CNET|access-date=2017-07-27}}</ref> In February 2017, Netflix announced that [[Lily Tomlin]] was in the role of Fiona Felicity Frizzle, the younger sister of Ms. Frizzle, now Professor Frizzle, again played by Tomlin. By this point the title of the series had been changed to ''The Magic School Bus Rides Again''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ew.com/tv/2017/02/08/kate-mckinnon-ms-frizzle-magic-school-bus-netflix/|title=Kate McKinnon to voice Ms. Frizzle in Netflix's 'Magic School Bus' revival|last=Serrao|first=Nivea|date=February 9, 2017|publisher=Entertainment Weekly|access-date=2017-07-27|archive-date=2017-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730110043/http://ew.com/tv/2017/02/08/kate-mckinnon-ms-frizzle-magic-school-bus-netflix/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Little Richard]] returns to perform the theme song.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/lin-manuel-miranda-magic-school-bus-theme-song-1035172|title=Lin-Manuel Miranda Updates 'Magic School Bus' Theme Song for Netflix Reboot|last=Stanhope|first=Kate|date=September 5, 2017|website=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=2017-09-05}}</ref> The series began on [[Netflix]] on September 29, 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://ew.com/tv/2017/08/23/new-to-netflix-september-2017/|title=New to Netflix in September: 'Pulp Fiction', 'Jerry Before Seinfeld' and More|date=August 23, 2017|work=EW.com|access-date=2017-08-23|language=en-US}}</ref> ''The Magic School Bus 360°'' Cast * [[Lily Tomlin]] as Professor Valerie Frizzle, PhD, Ms. Fiona Frizzle, & The Frizzle Fragments * Amos Crawley as Arnold Perlstein & Mr. Hudson * [[Lisa Yamanaka]] as Wanda Li, Mrs. Li, & Caller * [[Erica Lutrell]] – Keesha Franklin * Tara Meyer – Dorothy Ann Hudson, Pariksha, & Additional Voices * [[Daniel DeSanto]] – Carlos Ramón, Tony Tennelli, & Matthew Math Matthews * [[Stuart Stone]] – Ralphie Tennelli, The Gizmos That Go Staff, The Cosmic Corner Show Announcer, & Caller * Maia Filar – Jyoti Kaur & The Titular “Goldstealer” * Andre Ottley-Lorant – Tim Wright * Renessa Blitz – Janet Perlstein * [[Kevin Zegers]] – Mikey Ramón * Max Beckford – Mr. Ruhle * [[Susan Blu]] * [[Danny Tamberelli]] * [[Malcolm-Jamal Warner]] == Preschool spin-off == On October 17, 2024, it was announced a ''Magic School Bus'' spin-off ''The Magic School Bus: Mighty Explorers'' is currently in the works. The Magic School Bus will talk in this series. The series will be CG-animated and geared more towards a preschool audience. == References == {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{Official website|http://www.scholastic.com/magicschoolbus/home.htm}} * {{IMDb title|id=0108847|title=The Magic School Bus}} * {{bcdb|Other_Studios/S/Scholastic_Entertainment/The_Magic_School_Bus/|The Magic School Bus}} * {{bcdb|Other_Studios/S/Scholastic_Entertainment/The_Magic_School_Bus_360_/|The Magic School Bus 360°}} * {{tv.com show|the-magic-school-bus|The Magic School Bus}} * [https://www.netflix.com/title/80108373 ''The Magic School Bus Rides Again''] at [[Netflix]] * https://aaa.youtube.com/watch?v=VOyWd9JsCjU&pp=ygUhbWFnaWMgc2Nob29sIGJ1cyBuZXdzIGdsb2JhbCAxOTk3{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Former PBS Kids original programming}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Magic School Bus, The}} [[Category:1990s American animated television series]] [[Category:1990s American children's television series]] [[Category:1990s American comedy television series]] [[Category:1990s American television series debuts]] [[Category:1990s American television series endings]] [[Category:1990s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian comedy television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:1990s Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:1994 American television series debuts]] [[Category:1995 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:1997 American television series endings]] [[Category:1997 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:American animated television series]] [[Category:American children's television series]] [[Category:American comedy television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:Animated television series about children]] [[Category:Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:Canadian comedy television series]] [[Category:PBS Kids shows]] [[Category:TVOKids shows]] hhx53qmgjkrmnu8qvmz0wif06tdrq1g 10368944 10368553 2025-07-03T04:18:49Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:1A65:71FF:FE7A:3C62 typo fix 10368944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | genre = [[Animated series|Animation]]<br />[[Educational]]<br />[[Adventure fiction|Adventure]]<br />[[Comedy]]<br />[[Science fantasy]] | based_on = {{based on|''[[The Magic School Bus]]''|[[Joanna Cole (author)|Joanna Cole]]<br />[[Bruce Degen]]}} | developer = Alison Blank<br />Kristin Laskas Martin<br />Jane Startz | director = Lawrence Jacobs (season 1)<br />[[Charles E. Bastien]] (seasons 2-3)<br />Shawn Seles | voices = [[Lily Tomlin]]<br />[[Malcolm-Jamal Warner]]<br />[[Lisa Yamanaka]]<br />Amos Crawley<br />[[Danny Tamberelli]]<br />[[Daniel DeSanto]]<br />Tara Meyer<br />[[Erica Luttrell]]<br />Maia Filar<br />[[Stuart Stone]]<br />Max Beckford<br />Andre Ottley-Lorant | composer = [[Peter Lurye]]<br />Fred Barton (seasons 2-4) | opentheme = "Ride on the Magic School Bus", performed by [[Little Richard]] | endtheme = "Ride on the Magic School Bus" (instrumental) | country = Canada<br>United States | language = English | num_seasons = 4 | num_episodes = 52 | runtime = 26 minutes | executive_producer = {{plainlist | * [[Patrick Loubert]] * [[Michael Hirsh (producer)|Michael Hirsh]] * [[Clive A. Smith]] * Alison Blank * Kristin Laskas Martin * Jane Startz * [[Deborah Forte]] * Marty Keltz }} | producer = {{plainlist | * Hasmi Giakoumis (season 1) * Marianne Culbert (seasons 2-4) }} | network = [[PBS]]<br>[[TVOKids]] | first_aired = {{start date|1994|9|10}} | last_aired = {{end date|1997|12|6}} }} '''''The Magic School Bus''''' is an animated educational [[children's television series]], based on the book series of the same name by [[Joanna Cole]] and [[Bruce Degen]]. The series has received critical acclaim for its use of celebrity talent and combining entertainment with an educational series.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mag.awn.com/index.php?ltype=pageone&category2=&article_no=3921&page=1|title=Word Knowledge is Power for WordGirl|last=Moody|first=Annemarie|date=March 7, 2009|website=Animation World Magazine|publisher=Animation World Network|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309032418/http://mag.awn.com/index.php?ltype=pageone&category2=&article_no=3921&page=1|archive-date=March 9, 2009|url-status=dead|access-date=2009-03-07}}</ref> ''Broadcasting & Cable'' said the show was "among the highest-rated [[PBS]] shows for school-age children."<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Green|first=Michelle Y.|date=July 28, 1997|title=Scholastic Productions banks on Best-Sellers|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_broadcasting-cable_broadcasting-cable_1997-07-28_127_31/page/n48|journal=Broadcasting & Cable|publisher=Cahners Publishing Co./Reed Publishing (USA) Inc.|volume=127|issue=31|pages=48}}</ref> A reboot titled ''The Magic School Bus Rides Again'' began on [[Netflix]] on September 29, 2017. ==Plot== The animated series follows the adventures of eccentric teacher Ms. Frizzle and her eight students as they explore the wonders of science on their exciting field trips. Their journey takes them to different locations, time periods, and encounters with various creatures, all while learning about science and the world around them. The school they attend, Walkerville Elementary, is set in the fictitious town of Walkerville. The characters travel all over the world and into space throughout the duration of the show. ==Voice cast== * [[Lily Tomlin]] as Mrs. Valerie Frizzle * Amos Crawley (season 1) and [[Danny Tamberelli]] (seasons 2-4) as Arnold Perlstein * [[Daniel DeSanto]] as Carlos Ramon * Tara Meyer as Dorothy Ann "D.A." Hudson * [[Erica Luttrell]] as Keesha Franklin * Maia Filar as Phoebe Terese * [[Stuart Stone]] as Ralphie Tennelli * Max Beckford (season 1) and Andre Ottley-Lorant (seasons 2-4) as Tim Wright * [[Lisa Yamanaka]] as Wanda Li * [[Dan Hennessey]] as Mr. Flack * [[Edward James Olmos]] as Zookeeper == Production and broadcast == A [[Scholastic Corporation|Scholastic]], [[Nelvana Limited]], and Hanho Heung-Up Co. Ltd. Co-Production, Presented by South Carolina ETV. They made ''The Magic School Bus'' books into an animated television series. It began on September 10, 1994. Many parents and teachers wanted Scholastic, Nelvana Limited, and Hanho Heung-Up Co. Ltd. to help kids and [[Minority group|minorities]] learn more about science in a fun way.<ref name="Clarke">{{Cite journal|last=Clarke|first=Melanie M.|date=June 20, 2005|title=A Scholastic Achievement|journal=Broadcasting & Cable|publisher=Cahners Publishing Co./Reed Publishing (USA) Inc.|volume=135|issue=25|pages=30}}</ref> === Advertisements === Each [[episode]] of the series ran for 30 minutes. There was a ''Producer Says'' part at the end of each episode when ''The Magic School Bus'' had no [[Advertising|advertisements]]. There were no advertisements on [[international]] television, [[VHS]], and [[DVD]]. The ''Producer Says'' part was taken out when ''The Magic School Bus'' had advertisements. This way, there was enough time for advertisements. Sometimes the episode faded to black at the start of the advertisements. When there are no advertisements, the episode faded to black and then faded back in. === Writers === [[Peter Lurye]] wrote the song played at the beginning of the show. It was called "Ride on the Magic School Bus". Famous rock 'n' roll singer [[Little Richard]] sang it.<ref>{{IMDb name|id=0005153|name=Little Richard}}</ref> Shawn Kalb, Frank Saperstein, and [[Jeph Loeb]] helped write the show. They also worked on another [[Nelvana]] show, ''[[Seven Little Monsters (TV series)|Seven Little Monsters]]''. === Broadcast history === ==== In US ==== In the United States, ''The Magic School Bus'' originally aired on [[PBS]] as a part of its children's block, [[PBS Kids|PTV Park]], through [[South Carolina]]'s SCETV network. It was the first fully animated series to be aired on PBS. The final episode aired on December 6, 1997. The series then aired reruns on PBS until October 1998. [[Fox Kids Network]], in a hasty effort to fill educational television mandates for its stations, aired reruns on its weekday block from September 1998 to September 2002. Beginning on September 27, 2010, ''The Magic School Bus'' started a daily run on child-oriented network [[Qubo]] in the US, and on Saturday mornings on [[NBC]]. The Fox Kids and Qubo airings both used a shortened version of the opening. ''The Magic School Bus'' was also seen on TLC from February 15, 2003 until 2008. It also aired on the [[Ready Set Learn]] block on [[Discovery Kids]] from 2004 to 2009. ==== In Canada ==== The series first aired on [[TVOKids]] in 1995. It was widely known in Canada for showing reruns on CBC as part of its children's block, now known as [[CBC Kids|Kids' CBC]], from 1999 to 2004. In 2005, Nelvana sold the series to Latin American versions of Cartoon Network and Nickelodeon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/399041793|title=Deals for Toons, Docs at MIPCOM|last=Dinoff|first=Dustin|date=November 7, 2005|website=accessed through [[ProQuest]]|publisher=[[Playback (magazine)|Playback]]: Canada's Broadcast and Production Journal|access-date=2009-03-26|id={{ProQuest|399041793}} }}</ref> In Canada, the series aired on [[CBC Kids]] (from 2000 until 2003), [[Teletoon]], and [[Knowledge Network]]. In the United Kingdom, it aired on Channel 4 ([[Channel 4|Children Planet]] Programmes Block) and [[Nickelodeon (British and Irish TV channel)|Nickelodeon]]. Since 2005, Canada-based studio [[Nelvana Limited]] acquired the series and sold it to the Latin American versions of [[Cartoon Network (Latin American TV channel)|Cartoon Network]] and [[Nickelodeon (Latin American TV channel)|Nickelodeon]]. As of 2021, the show is currently distributed by [[9 Story Media Group]]. == Home media == The series was originally released on [[VHS]] by KidVision between 1995 and 2003 and on [[DVD]] by [[Warner Home Video]] between 2002 and 2013. Only the VHSs and DVDs contain the funding credits. In the home video releases, all the episodes are uncut with the ''Producer Says'' segments intact. On July 31, 2012, New Video Group released the complete series on DVD in Region 1 for the very first time.<ref>{{Citation|last1=Jacobs|first1=Larry|title=The Magic School Bus: The Complete Series|date=July 31, 2012|url=https://www.amazon.com/Magic-School-Bus-Complete-Series/dp/B007I1Q4MM|last2=Bastien|first2=Charles E.|publisher=New Video Group|language=en|access-date=2016-07-10}}More than one of <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#x7C;accessdate=</code> and <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#x7C;accessdate=</code> specified ([[Help:CS1 errors#redundant parameters|help]]) </ref> On August 15, 2013, Scholastic announced the entire series would be available on [[Netflix]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mediaroom.scholastic.com/press-release/netflix-announces-top-rated-award-winning-scholastic-television-shows-now-available-ki|title=Netflix Announces Top Rated, Award Winning Scholastic Television Shows now Available as Kids Go Back to School {{!}} Scholastic Media Room|website=mediaroom.scholastic.com|access-date=2016-07-10}}</ref> == Reception == Jason Fry, in a column for the online edition of ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', expressed an overall appreciation for the show, but wrote that the episode "The Magic School Bus Gets Programmed" should have been about the dangers of Internet searches and network concepts arising at the time, rather than an old-fashioned technology-run-amok story about the respective roles of programmer and machine (although he conceded that the episode was ten years old).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB119678405113213209|title=Real Time: From PET to Net; A Kid's TV Show Leaves Your Columnist Pondering a Generation of Immense Change; Online edition|last=Fry|first=Jason|date=December 10, 2007|website=The Wall Street Journal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703162249/http://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB119678405113213209|archive-date=2015-07-03|url-status=live|access-date=2009-03-25}}</ref> Tomlin won a [[Emmy Award|Daytime Emmy]] for her role as Ms. Frizzle.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://americantheatrewing.org/biography/detail/lily_tomlin|title=Biography: Lily Tomlin|date=May 2007|publisher=American Theater Wing|access-date=2009-03-26|archive-date=2008-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120102944/http://www.americantheatrewing.org/biography/detail/lily_tomlin|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Games == Various computer and video games associated with the series were released from 1994 to 2001, and were typically amalgamations of storylines from both the original book series and the television show. The games were published by Microsoft Home for the Educational purpose. A video game titled ''The Magic School Bus: Oceans'' was released for [[Nintendo DS]] on October 25, 2011, ten years after the release of the last game. The video game, similar to the computer game before it, was likely based on the book, ''The Magic School Bus On the Ocean Floor'' and the TV episode, ''The Magic School Bus Gets Eaten''. This is the only game to have been released for the Nintendo platform. == Reboot series == On June 10, 2014, a new series was announced by [[Netflix]] and Scholastic Media titled ''The Magic School Bus 360°''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/11/business/media/netflix-orders-new-childrens-show-based-on-magic-school-bus.html?emc=edit_tnt_20140610&nlid=39945777&tntemail0=y&_r=2|title=Netflix Orders New Children's Show Based on 'Magic School Bus|last=Jensen|first=Elizabeth|date=June 10, 2014|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/news/tvnews.php?id=119412|title=Scholastic is Bringing The Magic School Bus 360 degrees to Netflix|date=June 11, 2014|publisher=Coming Soon|access-date=2014-06-11|archive-date=2014-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701232929/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/tvnews.php?id=119412|url-status=dead}}</ref> The new iteration of the franchise features a modernized Ms. Frizzle and high-tech bus that stresses modern inventions such as robotics, wearables and camera technology. The producers hoped to captivate children's imaginations and motivate their interest in the sciences.<ref name="kidscreen.com">{{cite web|url=http://kidscreen.com/2016/02/10/9-story-boards-netflixs-magic-school-bus-reboot/|title=Kidscreen » Archive » 9 Story boards Netflix's Magic School Bus reboot|date=February 10, 2016|work=Kidscreen}}</ref><ref name="cartoon">{{Cite news|url=http://blog.bcdb.com/animated-series-reboots-7699/|title=Three New Animated Series, Reboots All|last=Koch|first=Dave|date=June 18, 2014|access-date=2014-06-18|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140620233051/http://blog.bcdb.com/animated-series-reboots-7699/|archive-date=June 20, 2014|url-status=dead|publisher=Big Cartoon News}}</ref> [[9 Story Media Group]] would produce the series.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://miscrave.com/articles/magic-school-bus-360-delayed/|title=The Magic School Bus 360 delayed to 2017|date=December 3, 2016|website=Coming Soon'|access-date=2016-12-03}}</ref> Producer Stuart Stone, who voiced Ralphie in the original series, stated that ''The Magic School Bus 360°'' will feature some of the original voice actors in same roles. The show's voice cast is based in [[Los Angeles]] and [[Toronto]] with [[Susan Blu]] as the Los Angeles voice director and [[Alyson Court]] as the Toronto voice director.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/magic-school-bus-reboot-netflix-tmz|title=Celebrity cameos, familiar voices to ride 'Magic School Bus' reboot|last=Gael Fashingbauer Cooper|date=January 4, 2017|publisher=CNET|access-date=2017-07-27}}</ref> In February 2017, Netflix announced that [[Lily Tomlin]] was in the role of Fiona Felicity Frizzle, the younger sister of Ms. Frizzle, now Professor Frizzle, again played by Tomlin. By this point the title of the series had been changed to ''The Magic School Bus Rides Again''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ew.com/tv/2017/02/08/kate-mckinnon-ms-frizzle-magic-school-bus-netflix/|title=Kate McKinnon to voice Ms. Frizzle in Netflix's 'Magic School Bus' revival|last=Serrao|first=Nivea|date=February 9, 2017|publisher=Entertainment Weekly|access-date=2017-07-27|archive-date=2017-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730110043/http://ew.com/tv/2017/02/08/kate-mckinnon-ms-frizzle-magic-school-bus-netflix/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Little Richard]] returns to perform the theme song.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/lin-manuel-miranda-magic-school-bus-theme-song-1035172|title=Lin-Manuel Miranda Updates 'Magic School Bus' Theme Song for Netflix Reboot|last=Stanhope|first=Kate|date=September 5, 2017|website=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=2017-09-05}}</ref> The series began on [[Netflix]] on September 29, 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://ew.com/tv/2017/08/23/new-to-netflix-september-2017/|title=New to Netflix in September: 'Pulp Fiction', 'Jerry Before Seinfeld' and More|date=August 23, 2017|work=EW.com|access-date=2017-08-23|language=en-US}}</ref> ''The Magic School Bus 360°'' Cast * [[Lily Tomlin]] as Professor Valerie Frizzle, PhD, Ms. Fiona Frizzle, and The Frizzle Fragments * Amos Crawley as Arnold Perlstein and Mr. Hudson * [[Lisa Yamanaka]] as Wanda Li, Mrs. Li, and Caller * [[Erica Lutrell]] – Keesha Franklin * Tara Meyer – Dorothy Ann Hudson, Pariksha, and Additional Voices * [[Daniel DeSanto]] – Carlos Ramón, Tony Tennelli, and Matthew Math Matthews * [[Stuart Stone]] – Ralphie Tennelli, The Gizmos That Go Staff, The Cosmic Corner Show Announcer, and Caller * Maia Filar – Jyoti Kaur and The Titular "Goldstealer" * Andre Ottley-Lorant – Tim Wright * Renessa Blitz – Janet Perlstein * [[Kevin Zegers]] – Mikey Ramón * Max Beckford – Mr. Ruhle * [[Susan Blu]] * [[Danny Tamberelli]] * [[Malcolm-Jamal Warner]] == Preschool spin-off == On October 17, 2024, it was announced a ''Magic School Bus'' spin-off ''The Magic School Bus: Mighty Explorers'' is currently in the works. The Magic School Bus will talk in this series. The series will be CG-animated and geared more towards a preschool audience. == References == {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{Official website|http://www.scholastic.com/magicschoolbus/home.htm}} * {{IMDb title|id=0108847|title=The Magic School Bus}} * {{bcdb|Other_Studios/S/Scholastic_Entertainment/The_Magic_School_Bus/|The Magic School Bus}} * {{bcdb|Other_Studios/S/Scholastic_Entertainment/The_Magic_School_Bus_360_/|The Magic School Bus 360°}} * {{tv.com show|the-magic-school-bus|The Magic School Bus}} * [https://www.netflix.com/title/80108373 ''The Magic School Bus Rides Again''] at [[Netflix]] * https://aaa.youtube.com/watch?v=VOyWd9JsCjU&pp=ygUhbWFnaWMgc2Nob29sIGJ1cyBuZXdzIGdsb2JhbCAxOTk3{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Former PBS Kids original programming}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Magic School Bus, The}} [[Category:1990s American animated television series]] [[Category:1990s American children's television series]] [[Category:1990s American comedy television series]] [[Category:1990s American television series debuts]] [[Category:1990s American television series endings]] [[Category:1990s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian comedy television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:1990s Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:1994 American television series debuts]] [[Category:1995 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:1997 American television series endings]] [[Category:1997 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:American animated television series]] [[Category:American children's television series]] [[Category:American comedy television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:Animated television series about children]] [[Category:Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:Canadian comedy television series]] [[Category:PBS Kids shows]] [[Category:TVOKids shows]] 4vhgjk0ytamkvhuji19env9zii67317 0 661661 10368802 10150440 2025-07-03T02:56:19Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Franchise */ typo: duplication 10368802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} '''''Hello Neighbor''''' is a [[survival horror]] [[stealth game]] developed by [[Russians|Russian]] game development studio Dynamic Pixels and published by [[tinyBuild]]. The aim of the game is for the player to successfully sneak into the basement of their neighbor's house to uncover a secret.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/hello-neighbor-the-game-about-sneaking-into-your-n/1100-6449803/ |last=Pereira |first=Chris |title=Hello Neighbor, The Game About Sneaking Into Your Neighbor's House, Debuts New Alpha Update |date=4 May 2017 |website=[[GameSpot]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |access-date=28 August 2017}}</ref> The game's [[artificial intelligence]] (AI) modifies the neighbor's behavior based on the player's past actions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kotaku.co.uk/2016/09/29/a-horror-game-where-the-ai-learns-from-your-every-move |title=A Horror Game Where The AI Learns From Your Every Move |last=D'Anastasio |first=Cecilia |date=29 September 2016 |website=[[Kotaku UK]] |publisher=[[Future Publishing]] |access-date=20 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pcgamer.com/watch-the-guy-next-door-get-creepy-in-two-new-hello-neighbor-trailers/ |last=Chalk |first=Andy |title=Watch the guy next door get creepy in two new Hello Neighbor trailers |work=PC Gamer |date=23 November 2016 |access-date=28 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vg247.com/2016/10/01/hello-neighbor-is-a-horror-game-about-breaking-into-someones-house/ |last=Lemon |first=Marshall |title=Hello Neighbor is a horror game about breaking into someone’s house |website=VG247.com |date=1 October 2016 |access-date=28 August 2017}}</ref> == Versions == There is currently 11 versions of ''Hello Neighbor.'' They include: # Pre-Alpha (First playable version) # Alpha 1 # Alpha 2 # Alpha 3 # Alpha 4 Beta (Uploaded to GameJolt, unknown if it's a real build.) # Alpha 4 # Beta 1 (First beta of the game, not very popular.) # Beta 2 (More popular, although it was buggy.) # Beta 3 (Final beta version.) # Pre-Release (This is the playtest version of the game, but TinyBuild never announced it.) # Full release (This was the final version. It was released on December 8th, 2017, but if so funny and serious moments!) ===Lost versions=== These versions were never publicly available. # Low Quality DevGAMM (Same project file as the current DevGAMM, though it had lower quality. It can be viewed [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KILfwikIjsI here].) # Early Prototype (It is an early version of the Prototype. It can be viewed [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nKqPMzyvZfc here]) # Prototype (It was created to showcase the mechanics of the game, but it was replaced by the Pre-Alpha. It can be viewed [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TKLx5rhpS2k here].) # Completely Unknown Build (Confirmed to be an entirely early build of the Pre-Alpha. It can be viewed [https://ibb.co/hFWGCcFF here].) # The Most Misterious HN Build Known to Exist 1 (It looks partially made in Unity. It can be viewed [https://ibb.co/gMW91JMQ here].) # The Most Mysterious HN Build Known to Exist 2 (The only proof of this build's existences is GIFs. It can be viewed [https://giphy.com/channel/Tannuh/hn-pre-alpha-gifs here].) # Early Pre-Alpha (10 Minute Unedited Pre-Alpha Gameplay: Pre-Alpha with minor differences such as sound effects and ambient music. It can be viewed [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNOwAHyxPfk here].) # Early Pre-Alpha (AI Rundown: Pre-Alpha with many differences such as the lighting. It can be viewed [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hu7Z52RaBGk here].) # Alpha 0.5 (Nothing is known about the gameplay of this version, only concept art was shown.) # Pre-Release Alpha 1 (Alpha 1 but with a bigger cursor that would become enlarged and brighter when over pickable objects. It can be viewed [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S4zEWmWo7nU here].) # Alpha 1.5 (It was shown when Alpha 2 was developing. It can be viewed [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ekz-66nrLgI here].) # Early Alpha 2 (It is an incomplete version of Alpha 2. It differs from Alpha 1.5. It can be viewed [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t3U-adreK-8 here].) # Alpha 3 Untextured Daft (Untextured draft of Alpha 3. It can be viewed [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ddbd15wgllM here].) # Alpha 2.5 (It is an early version of Alpha 3 that is in daytime mode rather than nighttime. It can be viewed [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TSCCH4Frwrw here].) # Alpha 3.5 (It is an early and very unfinished version of Alpha 4. It can be viewed [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndnINL388wc here].) == Franchise == Hello Neighbor has been turned into a [[media franchise]]. In July 2019, tinyBuild created a new studio called ''Eerie Guest Studio'' and invested {{USD|15 million}} into the franchise.<ref>{{cite web |last=Takahashi |first=Dean |date=16 July 2020 |title=TinyBuild acquires Hello Neighbor devs and will invest $15 million in franchise |url=https://venturebeat.com/2020/07/16/tinybuild-acquires-hello-neighbor-dev-team-and-will-invest-15-million-in-franchise/ |access-date=16 July 2020 |work=[[VentureBeat]] |archive-date=16 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716233318/https://venturebeat.com/2020/07/16/tinybuild-acquires-hello-neighbor-dev-team-and-will-invest-15-million-in-franchise/ |url-status=live }}</ref> # Hello Bendy was a game that was ''Bendy and the Ink Machine''-themed. It was the second game in series. # Hello Guest is a spin-off game that revolved around "The Guest" instead of the neighbor. # Secret Neighbor: Hello Neighbor Multiplayer is the fourth Hello Neighbor game. It is a [[multiplayer]] [[social deduction game]]. # ''Hello Neighbor: Hide and Seek'' is a game that is prequel to Hello Neighbor. It released in 2018. <ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.pcgamer.com/hello-neighbor-is-getting-a-prequel/ | title = Hello Neighbor is getting a prequel | first = Rick |last = Lane | date = August 31, 2018 | access-date = August 31, 2018 | work = [[PC Gamer]] }}</ref> # [[Hello Neighbor 2]] is the game's sequel released in 2022. # Hello Engineer is a vehicle building game. # Hello Neighbor Nicky's Diaries is the latest game, soft-launched in 11 regions in June 2022, and globally released in December 2023. # Hello Neighbor 3 (formerly RBO) is an upcoming game. It presumably takes place after Hello Neighbor 2. # Hello Neighbor has also been adapted into a [[comic book]] and an animated web series. == Active Levels == * Act 1 * Act 2 * Act 3 ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:2017 video games]] [[Category:2010s horror video games]] [[Category:Android (operating system) games]] [[Category:Indie video games]] [[Category:IOS games]] [[Category:Nintendo Switch games]] [[Category:PlayStation 4 games]] [[Category:Stealth video games]] [[Category:Survival horror video games]] [[Category:Video games developed in Russia]] [[Category:Windows games]] [[Category:Xbox One games]] {{video-game-stub}} junfgosj49a6pi1pis6tak7yjvgg8kw 0 668873 10368933 10354939 2025-07-03T04:07:23Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 typo: duplication 10368933 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Franklin's-Lost-Expedition.png|thumb|294x294px|A map showing where HMS ''Erebus'' and HMS ''Terror'' probably sailed during Franklin's lost expedition.]] [[File:The Arctic Council planning a search for Sir John Franklin by Stephen Pearce.jpg|thumb|294x294px|''The Arctic Council planning a search for Sir John Franklin'' by Stephen Pearce, 1851. Left to right are: Sir George Back; Sir William Edward Parry; Edward Joseph Bird; Sir James Clark Ross; Sir Francis Beaufort (seated); Sir John Barrow, Jnr.; Sir Edward Sabine; William A. Baillie-Hamilton; Sir John Richardson; and Frederick William Beechey. The paintings above them (from left to right) are Sir John Franklin, James Fitzjames, and Sir John Barrow.<ref>{{Cite web|title='The Arctic Council discussing the plan of search for Sir John Franklin' {{!}} Royal Museums Greenwich|url=https://www.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/rmgc-object-154950|access-date=2025-06-13|website=www.rmg.co.uk}}</ref>]] '''Franklin's Lost Expedition''' was a trip to find the [[Northwest Passage]], lead by [[Captain]] Sir John Franklin, that left England in 1845 on two ships, [[HMS Erebus|HMS ''Erebus'']] and [[HMS Terror|HMS ''Terror'']]. They were looking for a way to get from Europe to Asia by going through the last part of the Northwest Passage in the [[Northern Canada|Canadian Arctic]] that nobody had yet been able to travel through. They were also looking at scientific data about [[earth's magnetic field]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Franklin Expedition & The Terror: What Happened On The Ill-Fated Voyage? {{!}} HistoryExtra|url=https://www.historyextra.com/period/victorian/franklin-expedition-canadian-artic-1845/|access-date=2025-06-13|website=www.historyextra.com|language=en}}</ref> During the trip, the two ships were frozen in the [[Victoria Strait]] near [[King William Island]], in what is now the Canadian territory of [[Nunavut]]. The ships were stuck in the ice for over a year before they were abandoned in April of 1848. By that time twenty four men, including Sir John Franklin, had died. After they abandoned the ships, the crew were lead by [[Francis Crozier]] (the captain of HMS ''Terror'' and Franklin's second-in-command), and [[James Fitzjames]] (the captain of ''Erebus''). They set off to walk to the Canadian mainland, but everyone in the crew got lost or died.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/culture/franklin|title=The Franklin Expedition|last=Canada|first=Parks Canada Agency, Government of|website=www.pc.gc.ca|language=en|access-date=2018-11-23}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/franklin-search|title=Franklin Search {{!}} The Canadian Encyclopedia|website=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca|language=en|access-date=2018-11-23}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.surreynowleader.com/news/canadian-researcher-pinpoints-burial-site-of-officer-from-franklin-expedition/|title=Canadian researcher pinpoints burial site of officer from Franklin Expedition - Surrey Now-Leader|date=2018-10-28|work=Surrey Now-Leader|access-date=2018-11-24|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> When the ships did not return to England, the Admiralty started looking for the missing expedition in 1848. In the decades afterwards, other searches found a lot of things left behind by the expedition, including the bodies of two of the men. The bodies were brought back to Britain. In the modern day, scientists think that the men did not all die quickly. [[Hypothermia]], [[Starvation|starving]], [[lead poisoning]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Battersby|first=William|date=September 2008|title=Identification of the Probable Source of the Lead Poisoning Observed in Members of the Franklin Expedition|url=https://www.hakluyt.com/PDF/Battersby_Franklin.pdf|url-status=dead|journal=Journal of the Hakluyt Society|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503045149/https://www.hakluyt.com/PDF/Battersby_Franklin.pdf|archive-date=3 May 2018|access-date=13 June 2025}}</ref> or [[zinc deficiency]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Witze|first=Alexandra|date=2016-12-08|title=Fingernail absolves lead poisoning in death of Arctic explorer|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nature.2016.21128|journal=Nature|language=en|doi=10.1038/nature.2016.21128|issn=0028-0836}}</ref> diseases like [[scurvy]], and other things such as not having the right sorts of clothes for where they were, killed everyone on the expedition in the years after they left England. Some of the bones brought back to England had cut marks on them, which suggested that there was [[cannibalism]] after the men had left the ships.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Frozen in time: unlocking the secrets of the Franklin expedition|url=https://archive.org/details/frozenintimeunlo0000beat|last=Beattie|first=Owen|last2=Geiger|first2=John|date=1988|publisher=Dutton|isbn=978-0-525-24685-5|edition=1st American|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/frozenintimeunlo0000beat/page/n85 58]–62}}</ref> Franklin searcher John Rae first said that this may have happened in 1845.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Frank Leslie's New York Journal|last=Leslie|first=Frank|publisher=Frank Leslie|year=1855|location=New York|pages=40-42}}</ref> == Search and Discovery == Many people have tried to look for Franklin and what has happened to his crew, but they were not found until later on. Later on bodies of the three explores [[John Torrington]], [[John Hartnell]], and [[William Braine]] were discovered.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.awesomestories.com/asset/view/FRANKLIN-EXPEDITION-MUMMIES-Mummies-Bodies-Talk|title=FRANKLIN EXPEDITION MUMMIES|website=AwesomeStories.com|language=en|access-date=2019-06-10}}</ref> HMS ''Erebus'' was found in 2014 South of King William Island in Canada in [[Queen Maud Gulf]]. Two years later, HMS ''Terror'' was found in [[Terror Bay]]. ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Franklins Northwest Passage Expedition}} [[Category:Geography of Canada]] [[Category:19th century in Canada]] [[Category:Royal Navy]] 2hysfds7i2jluejd1nv0kt831g4kox0 0 672808 10368280 10365970 2025-07-02T21:21:40Z 2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4 10368280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox character | series = [[Looney Tunes]] | name = Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner | image = | caption =The Road Runner shown in a glass for collectionists. | first = [[Fast and Furry-ous]] (1949) | creator = [[Chuck Jones]]<br />[[Michael Maltese]] | portrayer = '''Wile E. Coyote''':<br />[[Mel Blanc]] (1952–1989) <br />[[Jimmy MacDonald|James MacDonald]] (1983) <br />[[Joe Alaskey]] (1990-2003)<br />[[Dee Bradley Baker]] (2003) <br />[[Maurice LaMarche]] (2008)<br />[[James Arnold Taylor]] (2014) <br />[[JP Karliak]] (2015-2020)<br />[[Eric Bauza]] (2018)<br />[[Seth MacFarlane]] (2021)<br />'''The Road Runner''': [[Clarence Nash]] (1949-1994, 1996-present;Vocal archives only)<br />[[Mel Blanc]] (1964, 1973-1974) <br />[[Jimmy MacDonald|James MacDonald]] (1983)<br />[[Joe Alaskey]] (2008)<br />[[Eric Bauza]] (2018)<br />[[Seth Green]] (2021) | species = Wile E. Coyote: [[Coyote]]<br />The Road Runner: [[Greater roadrunner]] | gender = [[Male]] (both) }} '''Wile E. Coyote''' and the '''Road Runner''' are [[fictional character]]s from the ''[[Looney Tunes]]'' and ''[[Merrie Melodies]]'' cartoon series. In is a mascot of the [[Warner Bros. Movie World]] the cartoons, the Coyote repeatedly tries to catch the Road Runner. However, the Road Runner runs very fast. That means the Coyote never gets the Road Runner. Instead of his [[animal]] instincts, the Coyote uses complex traps to get his prey. They don't work, and often hurt the Coyote instead. Many of these traps are mail-ordered from companies named Acme.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coyote v. Acme|publisher=The New Yorker|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1990/02/26/coyote-v-acme|access-date=December 19, 2018}}</ref> The characters were made by writer [[Michael Maltese]] and [[animation director]] [[Chuck Jones]] in 1948. They were made for the [[Warner Bros.]] network. It was originally meant to [[parody]] chase cartoons, like ''[[Tom and Jerry]]''. It became popular in its own right. The Coyote and the Road Runner were in a number of [[video game]]s on [[Atari]], the [[Nintendo Entertainment System]] and the [[PlayStation]]. ==References== <references/> {{Looney Tunes & Merrie Melodies}} {{Warner Animation Group}} [[Category:Animated characters]] [[Category:Fictional mammals]] [[Category:Fictional birds]] [[Category:Fictional characters introduced in 1949]] [[Category:Looney Tunes characters]] [[Category:Space Jam characters]] qd3j1d9cjaq3h350dnjf1cf16aidf4j 10368281 10368280 2025-07-02T21:22:03Z 2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4 10368281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox character | series = [[Looney Tunes]] | name = Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner | image = | caption =The Road Runner shown in a glass for collectionists. | first = [[Fast and Furry-ous]] (1949) | creator = [[Chuck Jones]]<br />[[Michael Maltese]] | portrayer = '''Wile E. Coyote''':<br />[[Mel Blanc]] (1952–1989) <br />[[Jimmy MacDonald|James MacDonald]] (1983) <br />[[Joe Alaskey]] (1990-2003)<br />[[Dee Bradley Baker]] (2003) <br />[[Maurice LaMarche]] (2008)<br />[[James Arnold Taylor]] (2014) <br />[[JP Karliak]] (2015-2020)<br />[[Eric Bauza]] (2018)<br />[[Seth MacFarlane]] (2021)<br />'''The Road Runner''': [[Clarence Nash]] (1949-1994, 1996-present;Vocal archives only)<br />[[Mel Blanc]] (1964, 1973-1974) <br />[[Jimmy MacDonald|James MacDonald]] (1983)<br />[[Joe Alaskey]] (2008)<br />[[Eric Bauza]] (2018)<br />[[Seth Green]] (2021) | species = Wile E. Coyote: [[Coyote]]<br />The Road Runner: [[Greater roadrunner]] | gender = [[Male]] (both) }} '''Wile E. Coyote''' and the '''Road Runner''' are [[fictional character]]s from the ''[[Looney Tunes]]'' and ''[[Merrie Melodies]]'' cartoon series. In is a mascot of the [[Warner Bros. Movie World]] in the cartoons, the Coyote repeatedly tries to catch the Road Runner. However, the Road Runner runs very fast. That means the Coyote never gets the Road Runner. Instead of his [[animal]] instincts, the Coyote uses complex traps to get his prey. They don't work, and often hurt the Coyote instead. Many of these traps are mail-ordered from companies named Acme.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coyote v. Acme|publisher=The New Yorker|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1990/02/26/coyote-v-acme|access-date=December 19, 2018}}</ref> The characters were made by writer [[Michael Maltese]] and [[animation director]] [[Chuck Jones]] in 1948. They were made for the [[Warner Bros.]] network. It was originally meant to [[parody]] chase cartoons, like ''[[Tom and Jerry]]''. It became popular in its own right. The Coyote and the Road Runner were in a number of [[video game]]s on [[Atari]], the [[Nintendo Entertainment System]] and the [[PlayStation]]. ==References== <references/> {{Looney Tunes & Merrie Melodies}} {{Warner Animation Group}} [[Category:Animated characters]] [[Category:Fictional mammals]] [[Category:Fictional birds]] [[Category:Fictional characters introduced in 1949]] [[Category:Looney Tunes characters]] [[Category:Space Jam characters]] mn9avow55mp9dqlkmohbe1gzs6ry3pq 10368679 10368281 2025-07-03T01:59:39Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 Reverted 2 edits by [[Special:Contributions/2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4|2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4]] ([[User talk:2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4|talk]]). ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368679 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox character | series = [[Looney Tunes]] | name = Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner | image = | caption =The Road Runner shown in a glass for collectionists. | first = [[Fast and Furry-ous]] (1949) | creator = [[Chuck Jones]]<br />[[Michael Maltese]] | portrayer = '''Wile E. Coyote''':<br />[[Mel Blanc]] (1952–1989) <br />[[Jimmy MacDonald|James MacDonald]] (1983) <br />[[Joe Alaskey]] (1990-2003)<br />[[Dee Bradley Baker]] (2003) <br />[[Maurice LaMarche]] (2008)<br />[[James Arnold Taylor]] (2014) <br />[[JP Karliak]] (2015-2020)<br />[[Eric Bauza]] (2018)<br />[[Seth MacFarlane]] (2021)<br />'''The Road Runner''': [[Clarence Nash]] (1949-1994, 1996-present;Vocal archives only)<br />[[Mel Blanc]] (1964, 1973-1974) <br />[[Jimmy MacDonald|James MacDonald]] (1983)<br />[[Joe Alaskey]] (2008)<br />[[Eric Bauza]] (2018)<br />[[Seth Green]] (2021) | species = Wile E. Coyote: [[Coyote]]<br />The Road Runner: [[Greater roadrunner]] | gender = [[Male]] (both) }} '''Wile E. Coyote''' and the '''Road Runner''' are [[fictional character]]s from the ''[[Looney Tunes]]'' and ''[[Merrie Melodies]]'' cartoon series. In the cartoons, the Coyote repeatedly tries to catch the Road Runner. However, the Road Runner runs very fast. That means the Coyote never gets the Road Runner. Instead of his [[animal]] instincts, the Coyote uses complex traps to get his prey. They don't work, and often hurt the Coyote instead. Many of these traps are mail-ordered from companies named Acme.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coyote v. Acme|publisher=The New Yorker|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1990/02/26/coyote-v-acme|access-date=December 19, 2018}}</ref> The characters were made by writer [[Michael Maltese]] and [[animation director]] [[Chuck Jones]] in 1948. They were made for the [[Warner Bros.]] network. It was originally meant to [[parody]] chase cartoons, like ''[[Tom and Jerry]]''. It became popular in its own right. The Coyote and the Road Runner were in a number of [[video game]]s on [[Atari]], the [[Nintendo Entertainment System]] and the [[PlayStation]]. ==References== <references/> {{Looney Tunes & Merrie Melodies}} {{Warner Animation Group}} [[Category:Animated characters]] [[Category:Fictional mammals]] [[Category:Fictional birds]] [[Category:Fictional characters introduced in 1949]] [[Category:Looney Tunes characters]] [[Category:Space Jam characters]] kkmxhpx7fxom914ymdlsvxgrm3z716o 0 679457 10368826 10351797 2025-07-03T03:14:31Z LNTG 1505395 Undid revision 10351797 by [[Special:Contributions/188.253.213.50|188.253.213.50]] ([[User talk:188.253.213.50|talk]]) 10368826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox President | name = Petar Toshev Mladenov <br> <small>Петър Тошев Младенов</small> | image = Petar Mladenov 1978 (cropped).jpg| | order1 = 1st [[List of heads of state of Bulgaria|Chairman (President) of Bulgaria]] | term_start1 = 3 April 1990 | term_end1 = 6 July 1990 | vicepresident = | primeminister1 = [[Andrey Lukanov]] | predecessor1 = Himself as Chairman of the State Council | successor1 = [[Stanko Todorov]] (''Acting'') | office2 =[[List of heads of state of Bulgaria|Chairman of the State Council of Bulgaria]] | term_start2 = 17 November 1989 | term_end2 =3 April 1990 | predecessor2= [[Todor Zhivkov]] | successor2 = Himself as President |office3 = [[Bulgarian Communist Party|General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist Party]] |term_start3 = 10 November 1989 |term_end3 = 2 February 1990 |predecessor3 = [[Todor Zhivkov]] |successor3 = End of Communist rule | office4 = Foreign Minister of Bulgaria | term_start4 = 13 December 1971 | term_end4 = 24 October 1989 | predecessor4 = [[Ivan Hristov Bashev]] | successor4 = Boiko Dimitrov | president4 = [[Todor Zhivkov]] | birth_date = {{Birth date|1936|8|22|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Toshevtsi]], [[Vidin Province]], [[Kingdom of Bulgaria]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2000|5|31|1936|8|22|df=y}} | death_place = [[Sofia]], [[Bulgaria]] | spouse = Galia Mladenova | children = Tatyana | party = [[Bulgarian Communist Party]] (1963–1990)<br>[[Bulgarian Socialist Party]] (1990–2000) }} '''Petër Tošev Mladenov''' ({{lang-bg|Петър Тошев Младенов}}; 22 August 1936 – 31 May 2000) was a [[Bulgaria]]n [[Communism|communist]] [[diplomat]] and [[politician]]. He was the last leader of the [[Bulgarian People's Republic]] from 1989 to 1990 and briefly the first [[President of Bulgaria|President]] of the [[Republic of Bulgaria]] in 1990.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/12/world/upheaval-east-bulgaria-s-communist-chief-plans-relax-grip-hold-elections.html|title=Bulgaria's Communist Chief Plans To Relax Grip and Hold Elections|last=Haberman|first=Clyde|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=12 December 1989}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mladenov, Petar}} [[Category:1936 births]] [[Category:2000 deaths]] [[Category:Presidents of Bulgaria]] [[Category:European diplomats]] [[Category:Communists]] {{bio-stub}} 5qxy5y4sqebduaao2ydsfo4y2274xwa 0 683213 10367769 9736197 2025-07-02T15:10:37Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10367769 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Alfred Freddy Krupa | image = Alfred freddy krupa-1541323687.jpg | imagesize = | caption = Alfred Freddy Krupa | birth_name = Alfred Krupa | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1971|6|14|df=y}} | birth_place = Karlovac, Yugoslavia | death_date = | death_place = | spouse = Ljiljana Krupa | children = Gabriel Alfred Krupa, Eleonora Krupa | nationality = Croatian | field = Painting, Drawing, Artists Books, Art Theory | training = [[Academy of Fine Arts, University of Zagreb]], [[Tokyo Gakugei University]], Croatian State Institute for Education | movement = New Ink Art (European), [[Informalism]], [[Postminimalism]], [[Neo-figurative art]], [[Contemporary realism]] | works = "Roots - Korijeni" | patrons = | awards = »Councillor Special Prize« at the 3rd International Exhibition of the Chinese Calligraphy and Ink Painting, Anshan (China), Medal Marshal Trompowsky, Matto Grosso do Sul (Brasil), Croatian Association of Artists Zagreb Annual Award for 2016 (Croatia) and many others<ref>{{cite web|last1=VisualCV.com|access-date=2018-04-01|title=Alfred Freddy Krupa - Contemporary "listed" artist - VisualCV|url=https://www.visualcv.com/alfred-freddy-krupa|website=www.visualcv.com|archive-date=2018-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180402035626/https://www.visualcv.com/alfred-freddy-krupa|url-status=dead}}</ref> }} [[File:The Dream of the Fisherman&#039;s Wife (inspired with the Ukiyo-e by K. Hokusai).jpg|thumb|The Dream of the Fisherman&#039;s Wife (inspired with the Ukiyo-e by K. Hokusai)]] '''Alfred Freddy Krupa (Krūppa)''' (born 14 June 1971, Karlovac, [[Yugoslavia]]) is a Croatian contemporary painter.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.degruyter.com/databasecontent?dbf_0=akl-fulltext&dbid=akl&dbq_0=krupa+alfred&dbsource=%2Fdb%2Fakl&dbt_0=fulltext&o_0=AND&sort=name-sor|title=Alfred Freddy Krupa|publisher=Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon - Internationale Künstlerdatenbank - Online}}</ref><ref name="Getty">{{cite web|access-date=2018-04-01|title=ULAN Full Record Display (Getty Research)|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=krupa&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500355803|website=www.getty.edu}}</ref><ref>http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=oxfaleph021299745&context=L&vid=SOLO&search_scope=LSCOP_ALL&tab=local&lang=en_US</ref> Multidisciplinary artist Alfred Freddy Krupa is considered a pioneering force in the New Ink Art movement, for which he has gained international recognition.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aestheticamagazine.com/profile/alfred-freddy-krupa/ |title=Aesthetica Magazine - Alfred Freddy Krupa |access-date=2019-08-01 |archive-date=2019-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801115618/https://www.aestheticamagazine.com/profile/alfred-freddy-krupa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.districtartisan.com/featured-artist-alfred-freddy-krupa/ |title=Featured Artist: Alfred Freddy Krupa - District Artisan |access-date=2019-08-01 |archive-date=2019-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123161047/https://www.districtartisan.com/featured-artist-alfred-freddy-krupa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> As of October 2020 with Massachusetts Institute of Technology Historical Popularity Index (HPI)<ref>Yu, A., Ronen, S., Hu, K. et al. Pantheon 1.0, a manually verified dataset of globally famous biographies. Sci Data 3, 150075 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2015.75</ref> of 47.05, Alfred Freddy Krupa is the 80th most famous living painter,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://pantheon.world/profile/occupation/painter/ | title=Painters }}</ref> the 5th most famous Croatian Painter, and the most famous living Croatian Painter.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://pantheon.world/profile/person/Alfred_Freddy_Krupa/ | title=Alfred Freddy Krupa Biography - Croatian artist }}</ref> Krupa graduated in 1995<ref>{{cite web|title=ALU Alumni List|url=http://www.alu.unizg.hr/alu/cms/front_content.php?idcat=144}}</ref> at the [[Academy of Fine Arts, University of Zagreb]]. Krupa also studied Art History (non-degree research) at the [[University of Zagreb]] (1997,1998) and in 1998/99 as the postgraduate research student at the [[Tokyo Gakugei University]] (東京学芸大学) or Gakudai (学大).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://artistfiles.de/einfach_suche_det.php?suche=id30239&suchkriterium=idart |title=Institut für moderne Kunst Nürnberg |access-date=2019-03-03 |archive-date=2020-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026054015/https://artistfiles.de/einfach_suche_det.php?suche=id30239&suchkriterium=idart |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wikiart.org/en/alfred-freddy-krupa|title=Alfred Freddy Krupa - 332 artworks - WikiArt.org|website=www.wikiart.org|access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> Krupas work has attracted public and professional attention from the beginning. For the first time his name was introduced to the general public in 1990 at the then mega-popular Yugoslav weekly<ref>{{cite book| last1 = Grandits| first1 = Hannes| last2 = Taylor| first2 = Karin| title = Yugoslavia's Sunny Side: A History of Tourism in Socialism (1950s-1980s| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=74GQBFB8G4MC&pg=PA330| year = 2010| publisher = Central European University Press| isbn = 978-963-9776-69-2| page = 330 }}</ref> "Vikend/Weekend".<ref>Yugoslavian magazine "Vikend": Alfred (Freddy) Krupa (1990) https://issuu.com/alfredfreddykrupa/docs/32785072_10215991405755622_55728895 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430082810/https://issuu.com/alfredfreddykrupa/docs/32785072_10215991405755622_55728895 |date=2019-04-30 }}</ref> In the same year his first solo exhibition was held.<ref>Večernji List (Evening Newspaper): Krupini crteži / Krupas drawings (1990) https://issuu.com/alfredfreddykrupa/docs/gradska_stra_a{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Since early 1990's A.F. Krupa exhibited frequently and his works are part of a number of important collections worldwide.<ref>[https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Alfred-Freddy-Krupa/92EED427EBC15EEE/Biography Alfred Freddy Krupa &#124; Biography]</ref> Artfacts.net Global Artists Historical Ranking (all media) positioned A. F. Krupa around the 1300th place in 1997 based on the international exhibition history, with the similar rank for around 2 decades and in the TOP 10 Modern Ink painters (the list published on 22/02/2019).<ref>[https://artfacts.net/movement/_/189 Modern Ink Painting &#124; Movement &#124; ArtFacts]</ref><ref>[https://artfacts.net/artist/alfred-freddy-krupa/544333 Alfred Freddy Krupa &#124; Artist &#124; ArtFacts]</ref><ref>https://www.facebook.com/alfred.f.krupa/posts/10216336135933661</ref><ref>https://www.facebook.com/iwscroatia/posts/d41d8cd9/583054708553170/</ref> His works (notably contemporary watercolors, inks and portraits) has been presented at 6 continents in over 20 countries winning a number of awards.<ref>[https://www.singulart.com/en/artist/alfred-freddy-krupa-3663 Alfred Freddy Krupa: contemporary Croatian Painter, Photographer, Draftsman - SINGULART]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.total-croatia-news.com/lifestyle/15109-painter-krupa-awarded-with-the-presidents-lifetime-achievement-award-by-us-president-barack-obama |title=Painter Krupa awarded with the Presidents Lifetime Achievement Award by US President Barack Obama |access-date=2019-03-03 |archive-date=2019-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802222300/https://www.total-croatia-news.com/lifestyle/15109-painter-krupa-awarded-with-the-presidents-lifetime-achievement-award-by-us-president-barack-obama |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2018 Krupa has become the first living Croatian artist to be included on Ranker’s list of famous painters. [[Ranker]] is popular Los Angeles based digital media company.<ref>[https://www.croatiaweek.com/first-living-croatian-artist-included-on-rankers-list-of-famous-painters/ First living Croatian artist included on Ranker’s list of famous painters &#124; Croatia Week]</ref> He is also known for his theoretical works related to the contemporary practice of the Modern Ink painting.<ref>[https://lifeasahuman.com/2017/virtual-art-gallery/the-theory-of-stringstheory-of-everything-in-the-modern-ink-painting-practice/ Consideration of occurrences in theoretical physics and painting practice – LIFE AS A HUMAN]</ref><ref>https://artlibraries.on.worldcat.org/search?databaseList=269%2C1219%2C638&queryString=Alfred+Freddy+Krupa</ref><ref>[https://trove.nla.gov.au/search?keyword=Krupa,%20Alfred%20Freddy,%201971- Trove]</ref> Alfred Krupa has set the world record for the longest ink drawing on raw canvas created using swan and goose feathers as paint brushes.<ref>https://www.croatiaweek.com/croatian-artist-sets-world-record-for-longest-drawing-using-swan-and-goose-feathers/</ref><ref>https://recordsetter.com/world-record/drawing-drawn-using-swan-goose-feathers/56226</ref> As interesting fact mention Krupa wears an Omega Seamaster Automatic Compressor 1970 since 1986.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/alfred.f.krupa/posts/10214883936829591|title=Alfred Freddy Krupa|website=www.facebook.com|language=en|access-date=2020-02-03}}</ref> It is in his family for nearly 50 years, previously owned by his grandfather famous artist and inventor Alfred Krupa Sr. ==References== {{Commons category|Alfred Freddy Krupa}} {{Wikiquote}} {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Krupa, Alfred Freddy}} [[Category:1971 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Croatian painters]] [[Category:Architects]] [[Category:Croatian scientists]] mjhcetzailmfye77txmpi1y1olupk8d 0 686852 10368934 8025742 2025-07-03T04:08:19Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 typo: duplication 10368934 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Angela Carter''' (7 May 1940 – 16 February 1992; formerly '''Angela Olive Stalker''') was a [[British people|British]] author who changed themes from folk tales and gave them dark and sexual twists.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Angela-Carter|title=Angela Carter {{!}} British author|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-03-27}}</ref> She was born in [[Eastbourne]], [[Sussex]], [[England]] and died in [[London]]. == References == {{reflist}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carter, Angela}} [[Category:1940 births]] [[Category:1992 deaths]] [[Category:British feminists]] [[Category:British socialists]] [[Category:Cancer deaths in England]] [[Category:Deaths from lung cancer]] [[Category:English novelists]] [[Category:English science fiction writers]] [[Category:English short story writers]] [[Category:Feminist writers]] [[Category:People from Eastbourne]] [[Category:British translators]] [[Category:British linguists]] [[Category:Writers from Sussex]] {{bio-stub}} lin4682vrykeibpzmh1dvg8yunee47s 0 694912 10369139 10168107 2025-07-03T07:57:15Z 117.225.35.140 10369139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | image = | logo = | map = SCO Map.png | formation = {{start date and age|2001|6|21}} | language = [[Chinese language|Chinese]], [[Russian language|Russian]] | name = Shanghai Cooperation Organization | map_caption = {{legend|#42ae6b|Member states}} {{legend|#294d8c|Observer states}} | membership = 6 member states, 4 observer states | native_name = [[Simplified Chinese characters|Simplified Chinese]]: 上海合作组织 <br /> [[Russian Language|Russian]]: Шанхайская организация сотрудничества | website = {{URL|www.sectsco.org}} }} The '''Shanghai Cooperation Organization''' ('''SCO''') is an intergovernmental organization founded on June 14, 2001 by the leaders of the [[People's Republic of China]], [[Russia]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Tajikistan]] and [[Uzbekistan]]. ==Other websites== {{Commons category}} * {{Official website|http://eng.sectsco.org}} * [http://infoshos.ru/en/ SCO Info] [[Category:Military alliances]] {{asia-stub}} o69kjfzwimgp45wvy5vlfoxldyle3mw 10369150 10369139 2025-07-03T08:05:05Z Bunty814 1636076 10369150 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | image = | logo = | map = SCO Map.png | formation = {{start date and age|2001|6|21}} | language = [[Chinese language|Chinese]], [[Russian language|Russian]] | name = Shanghai Cooperation Organization | map_caption = {{legend|#42ae6b|Member states}} {{legend|#294d8c|Observer states}} | membership = 10 member states, 2 observer states | native_name = [[Simplified Chinese characters|Simplified Chinese]]: 上海合作组织 <br /> [[Russian Language|Russian]]: Шанхайская организация сотрудничества | website = {{URL|www.sectsco.org}} }} The '''Shanghai Cooperation Organization''' ('''SCO''') is an intergovernmental organization founded on June 14, 2001 by the leaders of the [[People's Republic of China]], [[Russia]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Tajikistan]] and [[Uzbekistan]]. ==Other websites== {{Commons category}} * {{Official website|http://eng.sectsco.org}} * [http://infoshos.ru/en/ SCO Info] [[Category:Military alliances]] {{asia-stub}} 04jxa4l19a3y0klipyz7rpwsjwugj2s 0 698322 10368775 9659741 2025-07-03T02:39:18Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 typo: duplication 10368775 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | genre = [[Supernatural]]<br /> [[Revenge]] <br/> [[Drama]] | creator = Alind Srivastava<br/> Nissar Parvej | developer = | writer = | based_on = [[Vishkanya]] | director = | starring = [[Debina Bonnerjee]] <br/> [[Sana Makbul]] <br/> [[Vishal Vashishtha]] <br/> [[Krip Suri]] | opentheme = Vish | endtheme =Vish | country = India | language = [[Hindi]] | num_seasons = 1 | num_episodes = 80 | list_episodes = | executive_producer = | producer = Alind Srivastava <br/> Nissar Parvej | editor = | location = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]] | camera = [[Multi-camera]] | runtime = Approx. 20 minutes | company = Peninsula Pictures private Limited | channel = [[Colors TV]] | first_aired = {{start date|2019|06|10|df=y}} | last_aired = {{end date|2019|09|27|df=y}} }} '''''Vish: A Poisonous Story''''' is an [[India|Indian]] television [[Supernatural]] drama.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/telly-talk/gossip/article/for-tv-viewers-there-is-a-mental-block-debina-bonnerjee/427558|title=For TV viewers, there is a mental block: Debina Bonnerjee {{!}} Entertainment News|website=www.timesnownews.com|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-06-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/vish-a-poisonous-story-to-replace-sitara/articleshow/69475043.cms|title=Vish: A Poisonous Story to replace Vish Ya Amrit: Sitara - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-06-01}}</ref> Produced by Alind Srivastava and Nissar Parvej, and starring [[Debina Bonnerjee]], [[Sana Makbul]], [[Vishal Vashishtha]] and [[Krip Suri]], it premiered on [[Colors TV]]. It went off air in September 2019 due to the premiere of [[Bigg Boss|Bigg Boss 13]]. Season 2 of [[Vish: A Poisonous Story|Vish]] was gonna launch in February 2020, but it was canceled in late October.<ref>{{ Cite web |title= Plans for ‘Vish 2’ on Colors & Voot scrapped |url= https://www.bizasialive.com/plans-for-vish-2-on-colors-voot-scrapped/ |work=bizasia|date=October 28, 2019|first=Syeda|last=Zehra}}</ref> == Cast == ===Main Cast=== * [[Debina Bonnerjee]] as Sabrina Kothari / Vishaili - a vishkanya and Mohit’s wife who only married him to save her lover, Vishaila * [[Sana Makbul]] as Dr Aliya Sanyal - Mohit’s doctor who later marries Aditya * [[Vishal Vashishtha]] as Aditya Veer Kothari - Mohit’s younger brother and Aliya’s husband * [[Krip Suri]] as Vishera - Sabrina’s arch enemy ===Recurring cast=== * [[Ankit Gulati]] as Mohit Veer Kothari - Aditya’s elder brother and Sabrina’s husband. He is handicapped because of Sabrina * [[Nalini Negi]] as Katrina - resurrected by Sabrina to help her but later becomes her enemy. She is engaged to Aditya * [[Ayush Anand]] as Shekhar - an inspector who is an old friend of Aliya but is revealed to be working with Sabrina * [[Sunila Karambelkar]] as Maria - housekeeper of Kothari Estate. Has no choice but to help Sabrina as her son is kidnapped by her * [[Shantanu Monga]] as Siddharth - Aditya’s friend who gets killed by Sabrina == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:2019 Indian television series debuts]] [[Category:Hindi-language television series]] osem7k6uopx8dut9mfsye5oqvkrw64w 0 702812 10369030 7570911 2025-07-03T05:49:03Z Julipero 1604351 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 10369030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer |name=John Clute |birth_name=John Frederick Clute |image=John Clute GoH Loncon.jpg |birth_date={{birth date and age|1940|09|12|df=y}} |birth_place=[[Canada]] |genre=Non-fiction |occupation=Author, critic, writer |language=English }} '''John Frederick Clute''' (born 12 September 1940)<ref>{{isfdb name|id=John_Clute|name=John Clute}}</ref> is a [[Canadians|Canadian]]-born author and critic. He mainly writes about [[science fiction]] and [[fantasy literature]], He has lived in [[England]] and the [[United States]] since 1969. He is a very important person in the [[history of science]] fiction.<ref name="Davis">Davis, Matthew [http://www.strangehorizons.com/2006/20060918/yakfests-a.shtml John Clute: Yakfests of the Empyrean] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121112030/http://www.strangehorizons.com/2006/20060918/yakfests-a.shtml |date=21 November 2008}}, ''Strange Horizons'', 18 September 2006.</ref> He was one of eight people who started the English magazine ''[[Interzone (magazine)|Interzone]]'' in 1982<ref name= "Davis" /> (the others including [[Malcolm Edwards]], [[Colin Greenland]], [[Roz Kaveney]], and [[David Pringle]]). Clute's articles on [[science fiction]] have appeared in many publications since the 1960s. He is a co-editor of ''[[The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction]]'' (with [[Peter Nicholls (writer)|Peter Nicholls]]) and of ''[[The Encyclopedia of Fantasy]]'' (with [[John Grant (science fiction writer)|John Grant]]), and ''The Illustrated Encyclopedia Of Science Fiction''. All three won [[Hugo Award]]s for Best [[Non-fiction|Non-Fiction]]. He earned the [[Pilgrim Award]] from the [[Science Fiction Research Association]] for Lifetime Achievement in the field of science fiction scholarship, in 1994. ==Personal life== Raised in Canada, Clute lived in the United States from 1956 until 1964. He earned a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree at [[New York University]] in 1962 while living with writer and artist [[Pamela Zoline]]. Clute married artist Judith Clute in 1964.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.johnclute.co.uk/cv.html |author= Clute, John |title= John Clute CV |publisher= Johnclute.co.uk |access-date= 25 August 2012 |archive-date= 17 February 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120217203825/http://www.johnclute.co.uk/cv.html |url-status= dead }}</ref> He has been the partner of [[Elizabeth Hand]] since 1996.<ref>{{cite magazine |url= http://www.locusmag.com/Perspectives/2009/09/john-clute-fantastika.html |date= 27 September 2009 |title= John Clute: Fantastika |magazine= [[Locus (magazine)|Locus Online]] |access-date= 25 August 2012 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121005235326/http://www.locusmag.com/Perspectives/2009/09/john-clute-fantastika.html |archive-date= 5 October 2012 }}</ref> ==Career== Clute's first professional publication was a long science-fiction poem called "Carcajou Lament." It appeared in ''[[TriQuarterly]]'' in 1959. His first [[short story]] was "A Man Must Die" in ''[[New Worlds (magazine)|New Worlds]]'' in 1966. In 1960, he was Associate Editor of ''Collage'', a magazine in Chicago which had only two issues. It published early work by [[Harlan Ellison]] and [[R. A. Lafferty]]. In 1977, Clute published his first novel, ''The Disinheriting Party.'' Clute's second novel, ''Appleseed'' (2001). ==Written works== ===Criticism=== *''Strokes'' [1966-1986] (Serconia Press, 1988), {{ISBN|0-934933-03-0}} *''Look at the Evidence: Essays and Reviews'' [1987-1993] (Serconia Press, 1996) [title page misdated], {{ISBN|0-934933-05-7}} (hardcover), {{ISBN|0-934933-06-5}} (paper) *''Scores'' [1993-2003] (Beccon Publications, 2003), {{ISBN|1-870824-47-4}} *''The Darkening Garden: A Short Lexicon of Horror'' (Payseur & Schmidt, 2006), {{ISBN|0-9789114-0-7}} *''Canary Fever'' (Beccon Publications, 2009), {{ISBN|978-1-870824-56-9}} *''Pardon This Intrusion: Fantastika in the World Storm'' (Beccon Publications, 2011), {{ISBN|978-1-870824-60-6}} *''Stay'' (Beccon Publications, 2014), {{ISBN|9781-870824-63-7}} ===Fiction=== *''The Disinheriting Party'' (Allison and Busby, 1977), {{ISBN|0-85031-134-9}} *''Appleseed'' (Orbit, 2001), {{ISBN|1-85723-758-7}} ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Other websites== * [http://www.sf-encyclopedia.com/ ''The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction'', third edition] * {{isfdb name|147|name=John Clute}} * {{LCAuth|n78007577|John Clute|11|ue}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Clute, John}} [[Category:1940 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:British science fiction writers]] [[Category:Canadian science fiction writers]] [[Category:British critics]] [[Category:Canadian critics]] 50dt7bjmonagzwfkm005r69hyjtr7m2 0 707083 10368091 10235614 2025-07-02T18:49:05Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* References */ 10368091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = | caption = | country = United States<br>Canada | language = English | opentheme = "Nature Cat Theme Song", <small>performed by [[Taran Killam]], [[Christopher Jackson (actor)|Christopher Jackson]], and Veronica Jackson</small> | endtheme = "Nature Cat Theme" (instrumental) | theme_music_composer = Bill Sherman | composer = {{Plainlist| * Stuart Kollmorgen * Doug Califano }} | num_seasons = 5 | num_episodes = 93<!--to be updated as they are, even though 15-20 have announced titles they should not be counted here until after their debut--> | list_episodes = List of Nature Cat episodes | creator = Adam Rudman<br />[[David Rudman]]<br />Todd Hannert<ref name="credits">{{cite web|title=Credits :: Nature Cat|url=http://pbskids.org/naturecat/credits.html|website=pbskids.com|access-date=6 March 2016|archive-date=4 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904043636/http://pbskids.org/naturecat/credits.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | voices = {{Plainlist| * [[Taran Killam]]<ref name="credits" /> * [[Bobby Moynihan]]<ref name="credits" /> * [[Kate McKinnon]]<ref name="credits" /> * [[Kate Micucci]]<ref name="credits" /> * [[Kenan Thompson]]<ref name="credits" /> * [[Chris Knowings]]<ref name="credits" /> }} | executive_producer = {{plainlist| * Adam Rudman * David Rudman * Vince Commisso <small>(seasons 1–3)</small> * Steven Jarosz <small>(seasons 1–3)</small> * Blake Tohana <small>(seasons 2–3)</small> * Heather Walker <small>(seasons 4–present)</small> }} | producer = {{plainlist| * Caroline Bandolik<ref name="credits" /> * Frances Nankin<ref name="credits" /> * Jesse McMahon<ref name="credits" /> * Scott Scornavacco<ref name="credits" /> }} | runtime = 25 minutes | company = [[Spiffy Pictures]]<br />[[WTTW|WTTW Chicago]]<br />[[9 Story Media Group]] <small>(seasons 1–3)</small><br />[[Yowza! Animation]] <small>(seasons 4–present)</small> | channel = [[PBS Kids]] | first_aired = {{start date|2015|11|25}} | last_aired = {{end date|2025|04|03}} }} '''''Nature Cat''''' is an animated [[children's television series]] that premiered on November 25, 2015 on [[PBS Kids]] and is aimed at children between the ages of 3 and 8,<ref name=Cast>{{cite web|title=New PBS Kids Series Nature Cat Will Premiere November 25, 2015|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/news/archive/2015/nature-cat-premiere/|publisher=Public Broadcasting Service|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923090336/http://www.pbs.org/about/news/archive/2015/nature-cat-premiere/|archive-date=September 23, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="PBSKIDS_Twitter">{{cite tweet|user=PBSKIDS|author=PBS KIDS|number=598491888035831808|date=13 May 2015|title=Nature Cat designed for kids 3 to 8 and inspired by Richard Louv’s Last Child in the Woods. - Sara Dewitt #PBSam #PBSKIDS|access-date=25 March 2016}}</ref> following the adventures of four main characters: Nature Cat, Hal the Dog, Squeeks the Mouse, and Daisy the Bunny. The series has been nominated for a [[Daytime Emmy Award]] for "Outstanding Writing in an Animated Program".<ref>{{cite web|title=PBS and PBS KIDS Receive 44 Daytime Emmy® Nominations|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/blogs/news/pbs-and-pbs-kids-receive-44-daytime-emmy-nominations/|website=pbskids.org|access-date=25 March 2016}}</ref> The series debut in November achieved nearly 3.7 million viewers, and by March it has achieved 69 million video streams across online platforms.<ref name="Toonboom">{{cite web|title=Nature Cat is a new PBS Kids Series Produced by Spiffy Pictures|publisher=Toonboom Blog|website=blog.toonboom.com|url=http://blog.toonboom.com/news-and-opinion/nature-cat-is-a-new-pbs-kids-series-produced-by-spiffy-pictures}}</ref> As of October 2016, Nature Cat has been renewed for a second and third season.<ref>{{Cite web|title=PBS KIDS greenlights Nature Cat for two more seasons|url=https://kidscreen.com/2016/10/18/pbs-kids-greenlights-nature-cat-for-two-more-seasons/|access-date=2021-05-09}}</ref> The second season premiered on January 1, 2018. Then the third season premiered on April 18, 2019. In 2021, the show was renewed for a fourth and fifth season. The fourth season premiered on May 9, 2022. The fifth and final season premiered on April 17, 2023. Despite the show's episodes ending in 2024, there remains one previously announced TV movie special that have yet to air. The series's soundtrack, ''The Green Album'', was released on February 16, 2018 through [[BMG Rights Management]] (which also owns the song publishing rights to ''Nature Cat''). On June 5, 2018, the first DVD ''Onward and Pondward'' was released. [[Tomy]] owns the toy license to ''Nature Cat'', and has released several stuffed animals of the main characters.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-02-22|title=TOMY Introduces Nature Cat Toy Line • The Toy Book|url=https://toybook.com/tomy-introduces-nature-cat-toy-line/|access-date=2021-05-09|website=The Toy Book|language=en-US}}</ref> A preschool spin-off series of Nature Cat focusing on Sadie Dog is yet to be announced. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Former PBS Kids original programming}} {{Television-stub}} [[Category:2015 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2010s American animated television series]] [[Category:2020s American children's television series]] [[Category:2015 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2010s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:2020s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:2025 American television series endings]] [[Category:2025 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:American animated television series]] [[Category:American children's television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:Children's television series about talking animals]] [[Category:PBS Kids shows]] 32z0opv809oz8ioiyab9bxyik5kvt0d 0 707086 10367916 10337288 2025-07-02T16:52:29Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Cast */ US-EN 10367916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | alt_name = Jim Henson's Splash and Bubbles | image = | image_upright = | image_size = | image_alt = | caption = | creator = [[John Tartaglia]] | director = Bret Nilson<br>David Skelly<br>Hugh Martin | executive_producer = [[Lisa Henson]]<br>Halle Stanford<br>[[John Tartaglia]]<br>Michael Shawn Lewis<br>Jill Shinderman<br>[[Julie Phillips]]<br>Merrill Puckett Miller | producer = Tom Keniston | editor = Jouvens Exantus<br>Phil Price | starring = [[John Tartaglia]]<br>[[Leslie Carrara-Rudolph]]<br>Raymond Carr<br>Aymee Garcia | country = United States<br>Ireland | language = English | num_seasons = 1 | num_episodes = 38 (including 1 movie) | network = [[PBS Kids]] | company = [[The Jim Henson Company]]<br>Herschend Studios | released = | first_aired = {{Start date|2016|11|23}} | last_aired = {{Start date|2018|08|06}} | list_episodes = | theme_music_composer = Mike Himelstein<br>Dena Diamond | composer = Andrew Skrabutenas<br>Mike Barnett<br>Mike Himelstein | opentheme = "Splash and Bubbles Theme Song" }} '''''Splash and Bubbles''''' is an American computer-animated television show created by [[John Tartaglia]]. ''Splash and Bubbles'' premiered in the USA on November 23, 2016. It is distributed and produced by Herschend Studios. == Cast == * '''Ripple''' (Aymee Garcia) * '''Dunk''' (Raymond Carr) * '''Polly''' and '''Bell''' (Alice Dinnean and Donna Kimball) {{PBS Kids shows}} [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:2010s American animated television series]] [[Category:2016 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2018 American television series endings]] [[Category:PBS Kids shows]] r24dcid5tfd9m7i1c0wbtn7nw4qu49m 10367919 10367916 2025-07-02T16:53:34Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Cast */ 10367919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | alt_name = Jim Henson's Splash and Bubbles | image = | image_upright = | image_size = | image_alt = | caption = | creator = [[John Tartaglia]] | director = Bret Nilson<br>David Skelly<br>Hugh Martin | executive_producer = [[Lisa Henson]]<br>Halle Stanford<br>[[John Tartaglia]]<br>Michael Shawn Lewis<br>Jill Shinderman<br>[[Julie Phillips]]<br>Merrill Puckett Miller | producer = Tom Keniston | editor = Jouvens Exantus<br>Phil Price | starring = [[John Tartaglia]]<br>[[Leslie Carrara-Rudolph]]<br>Raymond Carr<br>Aymee Garcia | country = United States<br>Ireland | language = English | num_seasons = 1 | num_episodes = 38 (including 1 movie) | network = [[PBS Kids]] | company = [[The Jim Henson Company]]<br>Herschend Studios | released = | first_aired = {{Start date|2016|11|23}} | last_aired = {{Start date|2018|08|06}} | list_episodes = | theme_music_composer = Mike Himelstein<br>Dena Diamond | composer = Andrew Skrabutenas<br>Mike Barnett<br>Mike Himelstein | opentheme = "Splash and Bubbles Theme Song" }} '''''Splash and Bubbles''''' is an American computer-animated television show created by [[John Tartaglia]]. ''Splash and Bubbles'' premiered in the USA on November 23, 2016. It is distributed and produced by Herschend Studios. == Cast == * '''Ripple''' (Aymee Garcia) * '''Dunk''' (Raymond Carr) * '''Polly''' and '''Bell''' (Alice Dinnean and Donna Kimball) {{Former PBS Kids original programming}} [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:2010s American animated television series]] [[Category:2016 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2018 American television series endings]] [[Category:PBS Kids shows]] l4yybjqrz648lgm8y4fp4vfe7kiizur 0 707565 10368514 10366134 2025-07-02T23:52:31Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* top */ caption 10368514 wikitext text/x-wiki {{about|the movie|the character|Shrek (character)|the book|Shrek!}} {{Infobox film | image = Shrek logo.png | caption = The first ''Shrek'' logo styled as grayscale. | director = {{plainlist| * [[Andrew Adamson]] * [[Vicky Jenson]] }} | writer = {{plainlist| * [[Ted Elliott (screenwriter)|Ted Elliott]] * [[Terry Rossio]] * [[Joe Stillman]] * [[Roger S. H. Schulman]] }} | based_on = {{Based on|''[[Shrek!]]''|[[William Steig]]}} | producer = {{plainlist| * [[Aron Warner]] * [[John H. Williams (film producer)|John H. Williams]] * [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] }} | starring = <!-- STOP. THESE ARE THE STARRING ROLES LISTED ON THE POSTER, IN THIS ORDER -->{{plainlist| * [[Mike Myers]] * [[Eddie Murphy]] * [[Cameron Diaz]] * [[John Lithgow]] }}<!-- STOP. THESE ARE THE STARRING ROLES LISTED ON THE POSTER, IN THIS ORDER --> | editing = Sim Evan-Jones | music = {{plainlist| * [[Harry Gregson-Williams]] * [[John Powell (film composer)|John Powell]] }} | production_companies = {{Plainlist| * [[DreamWorks Animation]]<ref name="ShrekNumbers">{{cite the numbers |title=Shrek |id=Shrek |access-date=February 18, 2021}}</ref> * [[PDI/DreamWorks]]<ref name="ShrekAFI">{{cite web |title=Shrek |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/53918 |website=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]] |access-date=November 7, 2018 |archive-date=March 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330134519/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/53918 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="VarietyReview" /> }} | distributor = [[DreamWorks Pictures]] (through DreamWorks Distribution)<ref name="VarietyReview" /><ref name = "Box Office Mojo" /> | released = {{Film date|2001|4|22|[[Mann Village Theatre, Westwood|Mann Village Theatre]]|2001|5|16|United States|ref1=<ref name="'Shrek' shleps in">{{cite news |title='Shrek' shleps in |url=https://variety.com/2001/scene/vpage/shrek-shleps-in-1117797904/ |access-date=July 27, 2015 |work=Variety |date=April 25, 2001 |quote=She was speaking at DreamWorks' special screening Sunday at Mann's Village Theater in Westwood. |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305062406/http://variety.com/2001/scene/vpage/shrek-shleps-in-1117797904/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}} | runtime = 90 minutes <ref name = "Box Office Mojo"/> | country = United States | language = English | budget = $60&nbsp;million<ref name = "Box Office Mojo">{{cite Box Office Mojo |id=0126029 |title=Shrek (2001)|access-date=May 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228135615/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0126029/ |archive-date=February 28, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> | gross = $492.5 million<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shrek (2001) - Financial Information |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Shrek |access-date=2023-01-29 |website=The Numbers}}</ref> }} '''''Shrek''''' is a 2001 American animated fantasy comedy film loosely based on the 1990 [[fairy tale]] picture book ''[[Shrek!]]'' by [[William Steig]]. The name ''Shrek'' likely comes from the [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]] word ''שרעק'' (pronounced Shreck) or the [[German language|German]] word ''Schreck'', both words mean "[[fear]]" or "[[terror]]".<ref>[http://www.brainyquote.com/words/fr/fright167087.html "Definition of Fright", BrainyQuote, retrieved 07 May 2007]</ref> It was directed by Andrew Adamson and animated by [[DreamWorks Animation]] released on May 18, 2001. It was the first film to win an Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, a category introduced in 2001. The series also been four sequels of ''Shrek'', included ''[[Shrek 2]]'', ''[[Shrek the Third]]'', ''[[Shrek Forever After]]'', and ''[[Shrek 5]]''. There is also a [[Shrek the Halls|Christmas special]], a [[Scared Shrekless|Halloween special]] and a [[Puss in Boots (2011 movie)|spinoff film all about a minor character in the sequels and specials]]. It was adapted into a [[Broadway]] musical. Otherwise, there was also a series by the name Scary Stories released on [[Netflix]] in 2009. ==Plot== <!-- Per WP: FILMPLOT, plot summaries must be between 400 and 700 words. Current word count is 343 --> [[Shrek (character)|Shrek]] is a green ogre who always loves living peacefully in the swamp. However, he finds many fairytale creatures disrupting his privacy. This is because of the order by [[Lord Farquaad]]. Shrek goes along with a talking Donkey to Duloc, where they ask Farquaad to give his privacy back. Farquaad wants to be King by marrying Princess Fiona to be Queen. Farquaad orders Shrek and Donkey to rescue Fiona from the tower she is imprisoned in and bring her to Farquaad. After defeating a dragon, they manage to get Fiona from the castle, Fiona is happy that she is rescued, but soon becomes sad that the knight is an ogre. Shrek forces Fiona to travel with him and Donkey, with Shrek and Fiona finding they have more in common with each other along the way, and falling in love. However, at night, Fiona refuses to camp with them. Eventually, Donkey finds Fiona in a windmill. Donkey finds that Fiona has turned into an ogress. She tells Donkey that she was cursed as a child and turns into an ogress every night. This is why she was locked away in the castle. She also says that only a kiss from her true love will return her to her "love's true form". Shrek, about to confess his feelings for Fiona, overhears part of their conversation, and is heartbroken as he thinks her disgust at her transformation into an "ugly beast" is her being disgusted with him. The next morning, Fiona meets Lord Farquaad and leaves to get married to him. Shrek goes back to his swamp while Donkey finds the dragon in a forest. Shrek realises that he misses Fiona. Shrek, Donkey and dragon travel to Duloc. They interrupt the wedding before Farquaad can kiss Fiona, but not before the sun sets, which causes Fiona to turn into an ogress in front of everyone. Shrek and Fiona admit their love for each other and share a kiss—Fiona's curse is broken, but remains an ogress, as the curse said that she will become "true love's form". ==Cast== <!--See [[MOS:LINK]]. Do not link these words.--> * [[Mike Myers]] as Shrek * [[Eddie Murphy]] as [[Donkey (character)|Donkey]] * [[Cameron Diaz]] as [[Princess Fiona]] * [[John Lithgow]] as Lord Farquaad * [[Conrad Vernon]] as Gingerbread Man * Chris Miller as Magic Mirror * [[Cody Cameron]] as [[Pinocchio]] / [[The Three Little Pigs]] * Simon J. Smith as Three Blind Mice * Aron Warner as [[Big Bad Wolf]] * [[Christopher Knights]] as Thelonius * [[Jim Cummings]] as Captain of the Guards * Vincent Cassel as [[Robin Hood|Monsieur Hood]] * [[Kathleen Freeman]] as Donkey's ex-owner * Andrew Adamson as Duloc Mascot * Bobby Block, Elisa Gabrielli, and [[Eddie Murphy]] as [[The Story of the Three Bears|Three Bears]] * [[Frank Oz]] as [[Dragon]] * Michael Galasso as Peter Pan <small>Cinderella, Snow White, Pied Piper, and several other characters are not speaking roles and are thus uncredited</small> ==Production== [[Steven Spielberg]] bought the rights to the original book in 1991, when he apparently thought about making a traditionally animated film based on the book with [[Bill Murray]] as Shrek and [[Steve Martin]] as Donkey. After only a few years in development, producer John H. Williams got hold of the book from his children, and when he brought it to DreamWorks, it caught Jeffrey Katzenberg's attention and the studio decided to make it into a movie.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://culture.com/articles/487/shrek-interview-with-mike-myers.phtml | title=Shrek: Interview With Mike Myers | publisher=Culture.com | accessdate=January 4, 2012 | archive-date=October 29, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029000305/http://culture.com/articles/487/shrek-interview-with-mike-myers.phtml | url-status=dead }}</ref> After buying the rights to the film in 1995, Katzenberg quickly put the film in active development.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://jimhillmedia.com/editor_in_chief1/b/jim_hill/archive/2004/05/20/35.aspx | title="From the Swamp to the Screen" is a really entertaining look at the creation of the first two "Shrek" films | publisher=Jim Hill Media | date=May 19, 2004 | accessdate=February 10, 2012 | author=Hill, Jim}}</ref> The Art Directors visited Hearst Castle, Stratford upon Avon and Dordogne for inspiration on Duloc's place. Art Director Douglas Rogers visited a magnolia plantation in [[Charleston, South Carolina]] for inspiration for Shrek's swamp.<ref name = "Production Information on Culture.com">{{cite web | url=http://culture.com/articles/463/shrek-production-information.phtml | title=Shrek : Production Information | publisher=Culture.com | accessdate=February 4, 2012 | archive-date=April 17, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130417063828/http://culture.com/articles/463/shrek-production-information.phtml | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.digitalmediafx.com/Shrek/shrekfeature04.html | title=Animating Shrek - Behind the scenes | publisher=digitalmediafx.com | date=2001 | accessdate=February 5, 2012 | author=Tracy, Joe}}</ref> The film was originally planned to be a motion-captured film. DreamWorks used live action background plates with miniature fairy tale settings that they had filmed, giving the film a very visual distinct look. After a year and a half of R & D, a test was finally shown. The result was a disaster, with Katzenburg stating "It looked terrible, it didn't work, it wasn't funny, and we didn't like it." Production was shut down for a while. DreamWorks later went to its production partners at PDI in Spring of 1997, when the movie ''Antz'' was still in production, to help ''Shrek'' get it's final [[Computer animation|computer-animated]] look.<ref name="JimHill1">{{cite web | last=Hill | first=Jim | url=http://jimhillmedia.com/editor_in_chief1/b/jim_hill/archive/2004/05/17/how-quot-shrek-quot-went-from-being-a-train-wreck-to-one-for-the-record-books.aspx | title=How "Shrek" went from being a train wreck to one for the record books | publisher=JimHillMedia.com | date=May 16, 2004 | accessdate=August 3, 2011}}</ref> “We did a lot of work on character and set-up, and then kept changing the set up while we were doing the animation,” Ramon Hui noted. “In ''Antz'' we had a facial system that gave us all the facial muscles under the skin. In Shrek we applied that to whole body. So if you pay attention to Shrek when he talks, you see that when he opens his jaw, he forms a double chin, because we have the fat and the muscles underneath. That kind of detail took us a long time to get right."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.digitalanimators.com/2001/05_may/features/Shrek/TheMakingShrek2.htm | title=The Making of Shrek | publisher=digitalanimators.com | date=May 5, 2001 | accessdate=February 10, 2012 | author=Blair, Iain | page=2 | archive-date=November 16, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116140028/http://www.digitalanimators.com/2001/05_may/features/Shrek/TheMakingShrek2.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Saturday Night Live]] member [[Chris Farley]] was to be the voice for Shrek. He was able to voice around 80-90% of the script, although Chris' brother, Tom Farley, states that Farley had actually already recorded 95% of Shrek's dialogue for the movie, but died in 1997 before he finished voicing the character.<ref name="dada">{{cite news|url=http://nymag.com/arts/books/reviews/47039/|title=Dada's Boy|last=Anderson|first=Sam|date=2008-05-16|work=New York Magazine|accessdate=2008-06-08}}</ref> Production was shut down again after Farley's death.<ref name="JimHill1"/> Andrew Adamson stated "Chris Farley's death was before any animation had been done [although] we'd recorded an amount with him."<ref>{{cite web|last=Tilden|first=Imogen|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2001/jun/29/features.imogentilden|title=They made a monster|date=28 June 2001 |publisher=The Guardin|accessdate=February 28, 2012}}</ref> DreamWorks later asked Mike Myers to play Shrek, whom Myers wanted the writers to re-write the script to leave no traces of Farley's version of Shrek. After Myers had completed providing the voice for the character, when the film was well into production, he asked to re-record all of his lines in a [[Scottish English#Phonology|Scottish accent]] similar to the one his mother had used when she told him bedtime stories.<ref name="JimHill1"/> After hearing the alternative voice-over, Katzenberg agreed to redo scenes in the film, saying, "It was so good we took $4m worth of animation out and did it again."<ref>{{cite news|title=Mike Myers forces £4m rejig of Shrek|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2001/may/02/news1|accessdate=January 28, 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|date=May 2, 2001}}</ref> == Home media == It was released on [[DVD]] and VHS on November 2, 2001. ==Reception== The film was entered into the 2001 [[Cannes Film Festival]],<ref name="festival-cannes.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/1100045/year/2001.html |title=Shrek |accessdate=October 18, 2009|publisher=Festival de Cannes}}</ref> and was the first animated film since Disney's [[Peter Pan (1953 film)|Peter Pan]] (1953) to receive that honour.<ref>{{cite news|title=Shrek scores at the US box office|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2001/may/21/cannes2001.cannesfilmfestival1|accessdate=February 7, 2012|newspaper=The Guardina|date=May 21, 2011}}</ref> ''Shrek'' open in more 3,587 movie theaters on its 2001 release,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.digitalmediafx.com/Shrek/News/Shrekopens.html | title=Shrek Opens on 3,587 Screens! | publisher=digitalmediafx.com | date=May 18, 2001 | accessdate=February 12, 2012}}</ref> 11 of them showing them digitally, made possible by the [[THX]] Division of [[Lucasfilm]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.digitalmediafx.com/Shrek/News/Shrekdigital2.html | title=Taking Shrek Digital | publisher=digitalmediafx.com | date=May 22, 2001 | accessdate=February 12, 2012}}</ref> This was the first time that [[DreamWorks]] had shown one of its movies digitally.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.digitalmediafx.com/Shrek/News/Shrekdigital.html | title=Shrek to Air Digitally on 11 Screens | publisher=digitalmediafx.com | date=May 17, 2001 | accessdate=February 12, 2012}}</ref> Produced on a $60 million budget, ''Shrek'' was commercially successful, becoming the highest-grossing animated movie ever to be released in [[Australia]], passing the mark set by 1994's ''[[The Lion King]]''.<ref>{{cite news | title=Shrek Sets All-Time Record In Australia | work=[[Studio Briefing]] | date=July 26, 2001 }}</ref> In the [[United Kingdom]], ''Shrek'' regained the top spot at the British [[box office]] after being beaten out the previous week by ''Lara Croft: Tomb Raider'', earning a $20.3 million since its opening in the UK.<ref>{{cite news | title=Shrek Returns To Top Of U.K. Box Office | work=[[Studio Briefing]] | date=July 18, 2001 }}</ref> The film closed on December 6, 2001, after grossing $267,665,011 domestically along with $216,744,207 overseas for a worldwide total of $484,409,218. ''Shrek'' is the fourth-highest-grossing film of 2001 behind ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)|Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone]]'', ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' and ''[[Monsters Inc]].''<ref name = "Box Office Mojo"/> ''Shrek'' received critically good reviews, praising ''Shrek'' as an animated film worthy of adult interest, with many adult-oriented jokes and themes but a simple enough plot and humor to appeal to children. Review aggregate [[Rotten Tomatoes]] reports that 89&nbsp;percent of critics have given the film a positive review based on 176 reviews, with an average score of 7.7/10. The general opinion is: ''While simultaneously embracing and subverting fairy tales, the irreverent Shrek also manages to tweak Disney's nose, provide a moral message to children, and offer viewers a funny, fast-paced ride.''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/shrek/ |title=Shrek (2001) |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |accessdate=August 13, 2009}}</ref> [[Roger Ebert]] liked the film, giving it four stars out of a possible four and describing it as "jolly and wicked, filled with sly in-jokes and yet somehow possessing a heart."<ref>{{cite news |title = Shrek |first = Roger |last = Ebert |url = http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20010518/REVIEWS/105180305/1023 |newspaper = [[Chicago Sun-Times]] |date = May 18, 2001 |accessdate = July 10, 2010 |archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5r7R3CVSd?url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20010518%2FREVIEWS%2F105180305%2F1023 |archivedate = July 10, 2010 |url-status = live }}</ref> [[USA Today]]'s Susan Wloszczyna praised [[Eddie Murphy]]'s performance, stating it "gives the comic performance of his career, aided by sensational digital artistry, as he brays for the slightly neurotic motormouth."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/enter/movies/2001-05-16-shrek-review.htm | title='Shrek' spins jokes from fairy tales | publisher=[[USA Today]] | accessdate=January 27, 2012 | author=Wloszczyna, Susan}}</ref> [[Richard Schickel]] also enjoyed Murphy's role, stating, "No one has ever made a funnier jackass of himself than Murphy."<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,999937,00.html | title=Cinema: Monstrously Good | publisher=[[Time Magazine]] | date=May 21, 2001 | accessdate=January 27, 2012 | author=Schickel, Richard | archive-date=September 12, 2012 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120912/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,999937,00.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> [[William Steig]], the author of the original book, and his wife Jeanne Steig also enjoyed the film, stating "We all went sort of expecting to hate it, thinking, 'What has Hollywood done to it?' But we loved it. We were afraid it would be too sickeningly cute and, instead, Bill just thought they did a wonderful, witty job of it."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/enter/movies/2001-05-30-shrek.htm | title='Shrek!' author exclaims his approval of film | publisher=[[USA Today]] | date=May 31, 2001 | accessdate=January 27, 2012 | author=Puig, Claudia}}</ref> ''Shrek'' won the first ever [[Academy Award for Best Animated Feature|Academy Award For Best Animated Feature]], beating ''[[Monsters, Inc.]]'' and ''[[Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius]]''.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/oscar-awards-the-historical-trail/1/171812.html | title=Oscar Awards: The historical trail | publisher=[[India Today]] | date=February 3, 2012 | accessdate=February 10, 2012 | author=Mishra, Smita}}</ref><ref name = "Shrek Awards NY Times">{{cite web | url=http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/242627/Shrek/awards | title=Shrek - Awards | work=New York Times | accessdate=February 10, 2012}}</ref> ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' put it on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list, saying, "Prince Charming? So last millennium. This decade, fairy-tale fans--and Princess Fiona--fell for a fat and flatulent Ogre. Now, that's progress."<ref>Geier, Thom; Jensen, Jeff; Jordan, Tina; Lyons, Margaret; Markovitz, Adam; Nashawaty, Chris; Pastorek, Whitney; Rice, Lynette; Rottenberg, Josh; Schwartz, Missy; Slezak, Michael; Snierson, Dan; Stack, Tim; Stroup, Kate; Tucker, Ken; Vary, Adam B.; Vozick-Levinson, Simon; Ward, Kate (December 11, 2009), "THE 100 Greatest MOVIES, TV SHOWS, ALBUMS, BOOKS, CHARACTERS, SCENES, EPISODES, SONGS, DRESSES, MUSIC VIDEOS, AND TRENDS THAT ENTERTAINED US OVER THE PAST 10 YEARS". Entertainment Weekly. (1079/1080):74-84</ref> ''Shrek'' was also nominated for 6 [[BAFTA Award]], including the [[BAFTA Award for Best Film]]. Eddie Murphy became the first actor to ever receive a BAFTA nomination for a voice-over performance. The film was also nominated for Best Visual Effects, Best Sound, Best Film Music, and won the [[BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay]].<ref name = "Shrek Awards NY Times"/> ''Shrek'' was nominated for a dozen [[Annie Award]]s from ASIFA-Hollywood.<ref name = "Shrek Awards NY Times"/><ref>{{cite web | url=http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=102374&page=1#.TzRHgcj0_iQ | title=Shrek Leads Animation Awards | publisher=[[ABC News]] | date=September 20, 2007 | accessdate=February 9, 2012}}</ref> In June 2008, the [[American Film Institute]] revealed its "[[AFI's 10 Top 10|Ten top Ten]]"; the best ten films in ten "classic" American film genres—after asking 1,500 people for their opinions. ''Shrek'' was acknowledged as the eighth best film in the animated genre, and the only non-[[Walt Disney Pictures|Disney]]·[[Pixar]] film on the top ten.<ref>{{cite news |author=[[American Film Institute]] |title=AFI Crowns Top 10 Films in 10 Classic Genres |publisher=ComingSoon.net |date=June 17, 2008 |url=http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=46072 |accessdate=August 18, 2008 |archive-date=June 19, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080619034738/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=46072 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/10top10/animation.html |title=Top Ten Animation |accessdate=June 18, 2008 |publisher=www.afi.com}}</ref> It is also third on Bravo's 100 funniest films. ''Shrek'' was also ranked second in a [[Channel 4]] poll of the "100 Greatest Family Films", losing out on the top spot to ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channel4.com/film/newsfeatures/microsites/F/greatest-familymovies/results/5-1.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304003632/http://www.channel4.com/film/newsfeatures/microsites/F/greatest-familymovies/results/5-1.html|archivedate=2009-03-04|accessdate=July 10, 2011|title=100 Greatest Family Films}}</ref> In 2005, ''Shrek'' came sixth in Channel 4's 100 Greatest Cartoons poll behind ''[[The Simpsons]]'', ''[[Tom and Jerry]]'', ''[[South Park]]'', ''[[Toy Story]]'' and ''[[Family Guy]]''. In November 2009, the character, Lord Farquaad, was listed #14 in [[IGN]] UK's "Top 15 [[Fantasy]] Villains".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://movies.ign.com/articles/104/1045354p1.html | title=Top 15 Fantasy Villains | publisher=IGN | work=[[IGN UK]] | date=November 12, 2009 | accessdate=February 10, 2012 | author=Parfitt, Orlando}}</ref> ==Sequels and spin-offs== A sequel, ''[[Shrek 2]]'', was released on 19 May 2004 while another sequel titled ''[[Shrek the Third]]'' was released on 18 May 2007 and ''[[Shrek Forever After]]'' on 21 May 2010. A fifth ''Shrek'' film is in development, releasing on 23 December 2026. A [[spin-off]] film ''[[Puss in Boots (2011 movie)|Puss in Boots]]'' was released on 28 October 2011. ''[[Puss in Boots: The Last Wish]]'' was released on 21 December 2022. It is a sequel rather than a reboot. ==Other websites== {{wikiquote-en}} * [http://www.shrek.com Shrek Official Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823073451/http://www.shrek.com/ |date=2007-08-23 }} *[https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/subcultures/shrek Shrek on Know Your Meme] * {{imdb title|id=0126029|title=Shrek}} * [http://www.dreamworksfansite.com/shrek/ DreamWorks SKG Fansite for Shrek] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071005164357/http://www.dreamworksfansite.com/shrek/ |date=2007-10-05 }} * [http://www.williamsteig.com/shrek.htm William Steig's web page describing the original 1990 story book] ==References== {{reflist|2}} {{Shrek}} [[Category:2000s animated movies]] [[Category:2001 adventure movies]] [[Category:2001 movies]] [[Category:Academy Award winning movies]] [[Category:American adventure movies]] [[Category:American comedy movies]] [[Category:American family movies]] [[Category:DreamWorks Animation movies]] [[Category:DreamWorks Pictures movies]] [[Category:English-language movies]] [[Category:Movies about animals]] [[Category:Movies based on books]] [[Category:Movies composed by Harry Gregson-Williams]] [[Category:Movies composed by John Powell]] [[Category:Movies set in castles]] [[Category:Movies set in Scotland]] [[Category:Movies that won the Best Animated Feature Academy Award]] [[Category:Screenplays by Joe Stillman]] [[Category:Shrek]] [[Category:United States National Film Registry movies]] ll2ne6x4fgepcbjkl1g2i0209kwp94c 0 707924 10369039 8852440 2025-07-03T05:52:47Z Huudk Jaska 1636048 10369039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox President | name = Ramiro de León Carpio | image = FiRetrato de Ramiro de León Carpio como Procurador de los Derechos Humanos de Guatemala (1987-1993)(cropped).jpg | honorific_prefix = [[Excellency|His Excellency]] | order = 31st | office = President of Guatemala | term_start = June 6, 1993 | term_end = January 14, 1996 | predecessor = [[Gustavo Adolfo Espina Salguero|Gustavo Espina]] | successor = [[Álvaro Arzú]] | vicepresident = [[Arturo Herbruger|Arturo Herbruger Asturias]] | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|01|12}} | birth_place = [[Guatemala City]], [[Guatemala]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2002|04|16|1942|01|12}} | death_place = [[Miami, Florida]], [[United States]] | spouse = Mayra Duque, Maria Eugenia Morales | children = 3 | party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]] }} '''Ramiro de León Carpio''' (January 12, 1942 &ndash; April 16, 2002) was a Guatemalan politician. He was the [[President of Guatemala|President]] of [[Guatemala]] from June 6, 1993 until January 14, 1996. He was appointed to the position by the Guatemalan Congress, without being affiliated with any political party, following the dismissal of Jorge Serrano Elías. During his term, reforms were made to the Guatemalan Constitution and Congress was purged. De León died while in a [[diabetic]] [[coma]] at a [[Miami]] hospital on April 16, 2002 at the age of 60.<ref>"[http://articles.latimes.com/2002/apr/17/local/me-carpio17 Ramiro de Leon Carpio, 60; Former Guatemala Leader]", Associated Press, April 17, 2002. (accessed January 22, 2010)</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *[http://www.cidob.org/biografias_lideres_politicos/america_central_y_caribe/guatemala/ramiro_de_leon_carpio Biography by CIDOB] {{in lang|es}} {{bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leon Carpio, Ramiro}} [[Category:Presidents of Guatemala]] [[Category:Deaths from diabetes]] [[Category:1942 births]] [[Category:2002 deaths]] fil8lwr9txx5dha5pjltvj7ofvck818 10369040 10369039 2025-07-03T05:53:27Z Huudk Jaska 1636048 10369040 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox President | name = Ramiro de León Carpio | image = FiRetrato de Ramiro de León Carpio como Procurador de los Derechos Humanos de Guatemala (1987-1993)(cropped).jpg | honorific_prefix = [[Excellency|His Excellency]] | order = 31st | office = President of Guatemala | term_start = June 6, 1993 | term_end = January 14, 1996 | predecessor = [[Gustavo Adolfo Espina Salguero|Gustavo Espina]] | successor = [[Álvaro Arzú]] | vicepresident = [[Arturo Herbruger|Arturo Herbruger Asturias]] | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|01|12}} | birth_place = [[Guatemala City]], [[Guatemala]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2002|04|16|1942|01|12}} | death_place = [[Miami, Florida]], [[United States]] | spouse = Mayra Duque, Maria Eugenia Morales | children = 3 | party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]] }} '''Ramiro de León Carpio''' (January 12, 1942 &ndash; April 16, 2002) was a Guatemalan politician. He was the [[President of Guatemala|President]] of [[Guatemala]] from June 6, 1993 until January 14, 1996. He was appointed to the position by the Guatemalan Congress, without being affiliated with any political party, following the dismissal of Jorge Serrano Elías. During his term, reforms were made to the Guatemalan Constitution and Congress was purged.<ref>{{cita web|url=http://www.deguate.com/artman/publish/personajes_presi/Ramiro-de-Leon-Carpio.shtml|título=Presidentes de Guatemala|fechaacceso=16 de julio de 2011|autor=|fecha=12 de septiembre de 2004|editor=deguate.com}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cita web|url=https://dca.gob.gt/noticias-guatemala-diario-centro-america/ramiro-de-leon-un-presidente-de-transicion/|título=Ramiro de León, un presidente de transición|fechaacceso=2023-03-07|apellido=Blanco|nombre=Adolfo|fecha=6 de junio de 2022|sitioweb=Diario de Centro América|idioma=es}}</ref> De León died while in a [[diabetic]] [[coma]] at a [[Miami]] hospital on April 16, 2002 at the age of 60.<ref>"[http://articles.latimes.com/2002/apr/17/local/me-carpio17 Ramiro de Leon Carpio, 60; Former Guatemala Leader]", Associated Press, April 17, 2002. (accessed January 22, 2010)</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *[http://www.cidob.org/biografias_lideres_politicos/america_central_y_caribe/guatemala/ramiro_de_leon_carpio Biography by CIDOB] {{in lang|es}} {{bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leon Carpio, Ramiro}} [[Category:Presidents of Guatemala]] [[Category:Deaths from diabetes]] [[Category:1942 births]] [[Category:2002 deaths]] ctdkze7ixdpmgvfok2ln2etevurowl6 10369043 10369040 2025-07-03T05:55:32Z Huudk Jaska 1636048 10369043 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox President | name = Ramiro de León Carpio | image = FiRetrato de Ramiro de León Carpio como Procurador de los Derechos Humanos de Guatemala (1987-1993)(cropped).jpg | honorific_prefix = [[Excellency|His Excellency]] | order = 31st | office = President of Guatemala | term_start = June 6, 1993 | term_end = January 14, 1996 | predecessor = [[Gustavo Adolfo Espina Salguero|Gustavo Espina]] | successor = [[Álvaro Arzú]] | vicepresident = [[Arturo Herbruger|Arturo Herbruger Asturias]] | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|01|12}} | birth_place = [[Guatemala City]], [[Guatemala]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2002|04|16|1942|01|12}} | death_place = [[Miami, Florida]], [[United States]] | spouse = Mayra Duque, Maria Eugenia Morales | children = 3 | party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]] }} '''Ramiro de León Carpio''' (January 12, 1942 &ndash; April 16, 2002) was a Guatemalan politician. He was the [[President of Guatemala|President]] of [[Guatemala]] from June 6, 1993, until January 14, 1996. He was appointed to the position by the Guatemalan Congress, without being affiliated with any political party, following the dismissal of Jorge Serrano Elías. During his term, reforms were made to the Guatemalan Constitution and Congress was purged.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lic. Ramiro de León Carpio|url=https://www.deguate.com/artman/publish/personajes_presi/Ramiro-de-Leon-Carpio.shtml|access-date=2025-07-03|website=www.deguate.com|language=es-GT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Blanco|first=Adolfo|date=2022-06-07|title=Ramiro de León, un presidente de transición|url=https://dca.gob.gt/noticias-guatemala-diario-centro-america/ramiro-de-leon-un-presidente-de-transicion/|access-date=2025-07-03|website=Diario de Centro América|language=es}}</ref> De León died while in a [[diabetic]] [[coma]] at a [[Miami]] hospital on April 16, 2002, at the age of 60.<ref>"[http://articles.latimes.com/2002/apr/17/local/me-carpio17 Ramiro de Leon Carpio, 60; Former Guatemala Leader]", Associated Press, April 17, 2002. (accessed January 22, 2010)</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *[http://www.cidob.org/biografias_lideres_politicos/america_central_y_caribe/guatemala/ramiro_de_leon_carpio Biography by CIDOB] {{in lang|es}} {{bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leon Carpio, Ramiro}} [[Category:Presidents of Guatemala]] [[Category:Deaths from diabetes]] [[Category:1942 births]] [[Category:2002 deaths]] isfw6lewb5gxozh3ifqfudimn9aq8wk 0 708581 10367724 10318057 2025-07-02T14:05:35Z Garmagaramsamosa 1635810 /* Upcoming broadcasts */ 10367724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}} This is the list of original programming currently and formerly broadcast by the Indian television channel [[Sony SAB]]. == Current broadcasts == <!--Do not add content without providing a reliably published source--> {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:middle; |- !style="background:gold;"|Year !style="background:gold;"|Show !style="background:gold;"|Production House |- |2008{{endash}}present |''[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]''<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-disha-vakani-to-be-replaced-5656439/|title=Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah: Disha Vakani to be replaced, makers start hunt for new Dayaben|date=3 April 2019 |access-date=2019-12-28}}</ref> |Neela Tele Films |- |2021{{endash}}present |''Wagle Ki Duniya – Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey''<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sumeet Raghavan to be seen in the classic comedy show Wagle Ki Duniya - Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sumeet-raghavan-to-be-seen-in-the-classic-comedy-show-wagle-ki-duniya-nayi-peedhi-naye-kissey/articleshow/79578826.cms|access-date=2020-12-05|website=The Times of India|date=5 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|Hats Off Production |- | 2022{{endash}}present |''Pushpa Impossible'' |- |2024{{endash}}present |''Tenali Rama 2'' |Contiloe Productions |- | 2025{{endash}}present |''Veer Hanuman - Bolo Bajrang Bali Ki Jai'' |Swastik Productions |} == Upcoming broadcasts == *''Itti Si Khushi'' ==Former broadcasts== ===Comedy series=== * ''A Mad House<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k5/jan/jan95.htm|title=Sab TV revamps 8 - 10&nbsp;pm band; launches 9 new shows|date=12 January 2005|website=Indian Television Dot Com}}</ref> (2005)'' * ''[[Aadat Se Majboor (TV Series)|Aadat Se Majboor]] (2017–2018)'' * ''Aaj Ke Shrimaan Shrimati<ref name="auto1" /> (2005)'' * ''Abhi Toh Main Jawan Hoon<ref name="Growth" /> (2003)'' * ''Aflatoon<ref name="auto3">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k1/aug/aug20.htm|title=Sabe TV readies new programming; says it beats Zee and Sony in rest of Maharashtra|date=9 August 2001|website=Indian Television Dot Com}}</ref> (2001)'' * ''Akting-Akting<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021222/spectrum/tv.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Television|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> (2002-2003)'' * ''[[Ammaji Ki Galli]] (2011)'' * ''Apna News Aayega<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/aditi-bhatia-apna-news-aayega-comedy-show-5811309/|title=AdUpcoming Broadcastsiti Bhatia: Apna News Aayega is very different from other comedy shows|date=2 July 2019}}</ref> (2019–2020)'' * ''Bade Miya Chhote Miya<ref name="Growth" /> (2003)'' * ''[[Badi Door Se Aaye Hain]] (2014–2016)'' * ''[[Bhakharwadi]] (2019–2020)'' * ''Band Baaja Bandh Darwaza<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/at-the-launch-of-band-baja-bandh-darwaza/videoshow/67560670.cms|title=At the launch of Band Baja Bandh Darwaza &#124; TV - Times of India Videos|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> (2019)'' * ''Baavle Utaavle <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/baavle-utaavle-going-off-air-actress-shivani-badoni-shares-goofy-pictures/articleshow/70679052.cms|title=Baavle Utaavle going off-air; actress Shivani Badoni shares goofy pictures - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=14 August 2019 }}</ref> (2019)'' * ''Beechwale - Bapu Dekh Raha Hai (2018–2019)'' * ''[[Bhaago KK Aaya]] (2008)'' * ''[[Bhai Bhaiya Aur Brother]] (2012)'' * ''[[Bhootwala Serial]] (2009)'' * ''[[Carry on Alia]] (2019–2020)'' * ''[[Chandrakant Chiplunkar Seedi Bamba Wala]] (2014)'' * ''[[Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi...Let's Go]] (2015–2016)'' * ''Chamcha in Chief<ref name="Lok" /> (2005–2006)'' * ''[[Chidiya Ghar]] (2011–2017)'' * ''[[Chintu Chinki Aur Ek Badi Si Love Story]] (2011–2012)'' * ''Chhupke Chhupke<ref name="Seven" /> (2014)'' * ''Daddy Samjha Karo<ref name="auto3" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000709/spectrum/tv.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Television|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> (2000–2001)'' * ''Dhaba Junction<ref name="Growth" /> (2003–2004)'' * ''[[Dil Deke Dekho (TV series)|Dil Deke Dekho]] (2016–2017)'' * ''[[Don't Worry Chachu]] (2011–2012)'' * ''[[Dr. Bhanumati On Duty]] (2016)'' * ''[[Dr. Madhumati On Duty]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/sab-tv-dr-bhanumati-dr-madhumati-kavita-kaushik-rati-pandey-debina-bonnerjee-lifetv/1/709514.html|title=SAB TV's Dr Bhanumati to be changed to Dr Madhumati?|date=7 July 2016|website=India Today|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820043409/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/sab-tv-dr-bhanumati-dr-madhumati-kavita-kaushik-rati-pandey-debina-bonnerjee-lifetv/1/709514.html|archive-date=20 August 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2016)'' * ''[[F.I.R. (TV series)|F.I.R.]] (2006–2015)'' * ''Full Masti 88.2<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/story/20876_Is-SAB-moving-back-to-the-humour-platform|title=Is SAB moving back to the humour platform?|date=13 April 2008|website=www.afaqs.com|access-date=17 August 2019|archive-date=14 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714114306/https://www.afaqs.com/news/story/20876_Is-SAB-moving-back-to-the-humour-platform|url-status=dead}}</ref> (2008)'' * ''[[Funhit Mein Jaari]] (2020–2021)'' * ''[[Golmaal Hai Bhai Sab Golmaal Hai]] (2012)'' * ''Gopi Gadha Aur Gupshup<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Gopi-Gadha-Aur-Gupshup-on-SAB-TV/articleshow/14150562.cms|title=Gopi, Gadha Aur Gupshup on SAB TV - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=15 June 2012 }}</ref> (2012)'' * ''[[The Great Indian Family Drama]]'' (2015) * ''Gunwale Dulhania Le Jayenge<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/gunwale-dulhaniya-le-jayenge-on-sab/story-Ihix2VfVroMw6qrn1NvS4J.html|title=Gunwale dulhaniya le jayenge on SAB|date=26 February 2009|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> (2009)'' * ''[[Gupp Chupp]] (2016)'' * ''[[Gutur Gu]] (2010–2014)'' * ''[[Hansi He Hansi...Mil Toh Lein]] (2015)'' * ''[[Hassi Woh Phassi]] (2003)<ref name="Growth" />'' * ''[[Hum Aapke Ghar Mein Rehte Hain]] (2015)'' * ''[[Hum Aapke Hain In Laws]] (2013)'' * ''Humse Hai Zamana<ref name="Seven" /> (2008)'' * ''[[I Luv My India]] (2012)'' * ''Jasoos 005<ref name="Seven">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k4/may/may222.htm|title=SAB TV to launch seven new shows|date=May 28, 2014|access-date=July 29, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905112626/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k4/may/may222.htm|archive-date=5 September 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2008)'' * ''Jaankhilavan Jasoos<ref>https://www.adgully.com/sab-tv-launches-india-s-first-detective-comedy-jaankhilavan-jasoos-45010.html</ref> (2010–2011)'' * ''[[Jeannie Aur Juju]] (2012–2014)'' * ''[[Jijaji Chhat Per Hain]] (2018–2020)'' * ''[[Jijaji Chhat Parr Koii Hai]](2021)'' * ''[[Jugni Chali Jalandhar]] (2008–2010)'' * ''Jo Biwi Se Kare Pyaar<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jo-biwi-se-kare-pyaar-deepti-bhatnagar-arjun-bijlani-shweta-gulatirakesh-paul/articleshow/24582207.cms? | title='Jo Biwi Se...' is India's first fiction-cookery show! | newspaper=The Times of India | date=23 October 2013 }}</ref> (2013)'' * * ''[[Khatmal E Ishq]] (2016–2017)'' * ''[[Khidki]] (2016)'' * ''Krishna Kanhaiya<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2015/06/sab-tv-gears-to-launch-new-show-krishan-kanhaiya-on-june-29/|title=Sab TV gears to launch new show 'Krishan Kanhaiya' on June 29|website=www.bestmediaifo.com|date=17 June 2015 }}</ref> (2015)'' * ''[[Lapataganj]] (2009–2014)'' * ''[[Lo Ho Gayi Pooja Iss Ghar Ki]]<ref name="Rin" /> (2008–2009)'' * ''[[Main Kab Saas Banoongi]] (2008–2009) '' * ''[[Malegaon Ka Chintu]] (2011–2014)'' * ''[[Mangalam Dangalam]] (2018–2019)'' * ''[[Maniben.com]] (2009–2010)'' * ''Masti<ref name="auto1" /> (2005)'' * ''Mohalla Mohabbat Wala<ref name="auto" /> (2008)'' * ''[[Mrs. & Mr. Sharma Allahabadwale]] (2010–2011)'' * ''[[Mrs. Tendulkar]] (2011)'' * ''[[My Name Ijj Lakhan]] (2019)'' * ''[[Namune]] (2018)'' * ''[[Office Office]] (2001–2004)'' * ''[[Papad Pol - Shahabuddin Rathod Ki Rangeen Duniya|Papad Pol]] (2010–2011)'' * ''[[Partners Trouble Ho Gayi Double]] (2017–2018)'' * ''Platform No. 9<ref name="auto1" /> (2005)'' * ''[[Police Factory]] (2015–2016)'' * ''[[Pritam Pyare Aur Woh]] (2014)'' * ''[[R. K. Laxman Ki Duniya]] (2011–2013)'' * ''[[Saat Phero Ki Hera Pherie]] (2018)'' * ''Sab Ka Bheja Fry<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/sab-tv-launches-sab-ka-bheja-fry-under-humour-block-27153.html|title=SAB TV launches 'Sab ka Bheja Fry' under humour block - Exchange4media|website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media}}</ref> (2007)'' * ''Sab Kuch Ho Sakta Hai<ref name="Lok" /> (2005–2006)'' * ''[[Sabse Bada Rupaiya (TV series)|Sabse Bada Rupaiya]]<ref name="auto1" /> (2005)'' * ''[[Saheb Biwi Aur Boss]] (2015–2016)'' * ''Sahib Biwi Ka Ghulam<ref name="Hasi">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/apr/apr186.htm|title=SAB TV primed up for humour|date=April 24, 2003|access-date=July 29, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716181124/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/apr/apr186.htm|archive-date=16 July 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2003)'' * ''[[Sajan Re Jhoot Mat Bolo]] (2009–2012)'' * ''[[Sajan Re Phir Jhoot Mat Bolo]] (2017–2018)'' * ''[[Shankar Jaikishan 3 in 1]] (2017)'' * ''[[Shree Adi Manav]] (2008)'' * ''[[Shrimaan Shrimati Phir Se]] (2018)'' * ''Shree Sifarishilal<ref name="Carry" /> (2003–2004)'' * ''Sonu Sweety<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/the-laughter-queens/cid/598787|title=The laughter queens|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> (2008–2009)'' * ''[[Super Sisters - Chalega Pyar Ka Jaadu]] (2018)'' * ''[[Tenali Rama (TV series)|Tenali Rama]] (2017–2020)'' * ''[[Thank You Jijaji]] (2009)'' * ''[[Tota Weds Maina]] (2013)'' * ''[[Trideviyaan]] (2016–2017)'' * ''[[Tu Mere Agal Bagal Hai]] (2014)'' * ''[[TV, Biwi aur Main]] (2017)'' * ''Waqt Hamara Hai<ref name="Seven" /> (2008)'' * ''[[Woh Teri Bhabhi Hai Pagle]] (2016)'' * ''[[Yam Hain Hum]] (2014–2016)'' * ''[[Yeh Chanda Kanoon Hai]] (2009–2010)'' * ''[[Yes Boss (TV series)|Yes Boss]] (1999–2009)'' * ''[[Zabaan Sambhalke]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/oct/oct132.htm |title=Sab TV steadily increasing channel share &#124; Indian Television Dot Com |publisher=Indiantelevision.com |date=2003-10-15 |access-date=2020-01-22}}</ref> (2003–2004)'' ====Drama series==== {{div col}} * ''[[Aladdin – Naam Toh Suna Hoga]] (2018–2021)'' *''[[Ali Baba (TV series)|''Ali Baba'']](2022-2023) * ''[[Alif Laila]]<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k1/may/may16.htm|title=SABe TV in month-long programme push|date=12 May 2001|website=Indian Television Dot Com}}</ref> (2001–2002)'' * ''[[Apni Khushian Apne Gham]] (2001)'' * ''[[Baal Veer]]'' (2012–2016) * ''[[Baalveer Returns]]'' (2019–2021)<ref>{{Cite web|title='BaalVeer Returns' goes off-air abruptly; won't resume shoot|url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/baalveer-returns-goes-offair-abruptly-wont-resume-shoot_176564|access-date=2021-05-21|website=India Forums|language=en}}</ref> * ''[[Singhasan Battisi (TV series)|Betaal Aur Singhasan Battisi]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Comical-adventure-with-Betaal-Aur-Sinhasan-Battisi/articleshow/46343941.cms|title=Comical adventure with Betaal Aur Sinhasan Battisi|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=February 23, 2015|access-date=August 5, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150312030200/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Comical-adventure-with-Betaal-Aur-Sinhasan-Battisi/articleshow/46343941.cms|archive-date=12 March 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2015)'' * ''[[Bhanwar (TV series)|Bhanwar]] (1999)'' * ''Colonell<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020106/spectrum/tv.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Television|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> (2002)'' * ''[[Dial 100 (TV series)|Dial 100]] (2003)'' * ''Doli Leke Ayee Hai<ref name="Growth">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/oct/oct132.htm|title=Sab TV steadily increasing channel share|date=October 15, 2003|access-date=July 2, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818015551/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/oct/oct132.htm|archive-date=18 August 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2003–2004)'' * ''Dulhan<ref name="auto2"/> (2004)'' * ''[[Four (TV series)|Four]] (2007)'' * ''[[Ichhapyaari Naagin]]'' (2016–2017) * ''[[Jai Shri Swaminarayan]] (2002)'' * ''[[Jersey No. 10]] (2007–2008)'' * ''Ji Bhenji''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060820/spectrum/tv.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> (2006)'' * ''Karam<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/quitting-telly-for-that-thing-called-love/cid/1638209|title=Quitting telly for that thing called love|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> (2001)'' * ''[[Left Right Left (TV series)|Left Right Left]] (2006–2008)'' * ''[[Love Story (SAB TV series)|Love Story]] (2007–2008)'' * ''Love Mein Kabhi Kabhi''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/interviews/y2k3/director/deeya_singh.htm|title="We will not deviate from the original script of 'Betty La Fea', come what may" : Deeya Singh|date=4 December 2003|website=Indian Television Dot Com}}</ref> (2003–2004) * '' Maddam Sir '' (2020 - 2023)<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/video/saas-bahu-aur-suspense/sneak-peek-into-new-show-madam-sir-588652|title=Sneak Peek into new show Madam Sir|date=2020-02-22}}</ref> * ''[[Peterson Hill]] (2015)'' * ''Sambandh''<ref name="auto3"/> (2001) * ''Sati Savitri''<ref name="auto2"/> (2001) * ''Satyavadi Raja Harishchandra''<ref name="auto2"/> (2001) * ''Search''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020901/spectrum/tv.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Television|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> (2002) *''Shrimad Ramayan'' (2024-2025) * ''[[Twinkle Beauty Parlour Lajpat Nagar]]'' (2006) * ''[[Y.A.R.O Ka Tashan]]'' (2016–2017) {{div col end}} ====Reality/non-scripted programming==== {{div col}} * ''[[Acting Ki Funshaala]] (2008)'' * ''[[Carryy on Shekhar]]<ref name="Carry">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/oct/oct205.htm|title=SAB to launch two new shows|date=October 27, 2003|access-date=July 29, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726194024/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/oct/oct205.htm|archive-date=26 July 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2003–2004)'' * ''Comedy Ka King Kaun<ref name="auto"/> (2008)'' * ''[[Comedy Superstar]] (2015)'' * ''[[Fame X]] (2006–2007)'' * ''Family Antakshri Baithe Baithe Kya Kare<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/SAB-TV-launches-Family-Antakshari-Baithe-Baithe-Kya-Kare/articleshow/42795029.cms|title=SAB TV launches 'Family Antakshari #Baithe Baithe Kya Kare' - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref> (2014)'' * ''[[India Ke Mast Kalandar]] (2018)'' * ''[[Kuch... Diiil Se]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/apr/apr204.htm|title=Smriti 'Tulsi' Malhotra to host talk show on Sab TV|date=April 28, 2003|access-date=July 29, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315063645/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/apr/apr204.htm|archive-date=15 March 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2003)'' * ''[[Kuch Smiles Ho Jayein... With Alia]] (2020)'' * ''Lo Kal Lo Baat<ref name="Lok">{{cite web|url=http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/13074_SAB-TV-shifts-from-pure-comedy-to-general-entertainment|title=SAB TV shifts from pure comedy to general entertainment|date=October 28, 2005|access-date=January 14, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114183933/http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/13074_SAB-TV-shifts-from-pure-comedy-to-general-entertainment|archive-date=14 January 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2005–2006)'' * ''[[Movers & Shakers (TV series)|Movers & Shakers]] (2012)'' * ''[[Mr. Aur Mrs. Verma Ki Rasoi]]'' * ''[[Sab Khelo Sab Jeeto]] (2013–2014)'' * ''[[Anupam Kher|Say Na Something Anupam Uncle]]<ref name=Carry/> (2000–2004)'' * ''[[Tedhi Baat Shekhar Ke Saath]] (2009)'' * ''[[Wah Wah]]<ref name=Seven/> (2008)'' * ''[[Wah! Wah! Kya Baat Hai!]] (2012–2013)'' * ''Zimmedar Kaun?<ref name=Seven/>(2008)'' {{div col end}} ====Hindi dubbed show==== {{div col}} * ''[[Alias (TV series)|Alias]]''<ref name=Firangi/> (2008) * ''[[America's Funniest Home Videos]]''<ref name=Firangi/> (2008) * ''[[Desperate Housewives]]''<ref name=Firangi/> (2008) * ''[[Extreme Makeover]]''<ref name=Firangi/> (2008) * ''[[Home Improvement (TV series)|Home Improvement]]''<ref name="Rin">{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/sab-tv-reinvents-itself/story-slZOfgA8NdOJ4VtAlg0fyL.html|title=SAB TV reinvents itself|date=June 28, 2008|access-date=May 6, 2018}}</ref> (2008) * ''[[Lost (TV series)|Lost]]''<ref name="Firangi">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/special/y2k8/dub_special.php|title=International Chaska on SAB TV|date=February 9, 2008|access-date=September 8, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509233755/http://www.indiantelevision.com/special/y2k8/dub_special.php|archive-date=9 May 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2008) * ''[[My Wife and Kids]]''<ref name=Rin/> (2008) * ''[[Watchdog (TV series)|Watchdog]]''<ref name=Seven/> (2008) {{div col end}} ====Animated series==== * ''[[Asterix|Asterix the Gaul]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k1/dec/dec81.htm|title=Asterix to add muscle to SAB TV's Toon band|date=December 29, 2001|access-date=July 3, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423153616/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k1/dec/dec81.htm|archive-date=23 April 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2001–2002) * ''Turtle Island''<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wanvari|first1=Anil|title=Indiantelevision dot com's Tube Talk :SABe woos toon fans with Turtle Island|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/tube/y2k1/nov/novtube19.htm|website=www.indiantelevision.com|access-date=22 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203102031/http://www.indiantelevision.com/tube/y2k1/nov/novtube19.htm|archive-date=3 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2001–2002) ==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} [[Category:Lists of Indian television series]] [[Category:Lists of television series by network]] 5udu1g7ukmktgg5a8gkmonyz0lfcc1x 10367726 10367724 2025-07-02T14:10:38Z Garmagaramsamosa 1635810 /* Current broadcasts */ 10367726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}} This is the list of original programming currently and formerly broadcast by the Indian television channel [[Sony SAB]]. == Current broadcasts == <!--Do not add content without providing a reliably published source--> {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Premiere date !Show !Production house |- |28 July 2008 |''[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]''<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-disha-vakani-to-be-replaced-5656439/|title=Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah: Disha Vakani to be replaced, makers start hunt for new Dayaben|date=3 April 2019 |access-date=2019-12-28}}</ref> |Neela Tele Films |- |8 February 2021 |''Wagle Ki Duniya – Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey''<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sumeet Raghavan to be seen in the classic comedy show Wagle Ki Duniya - Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sumeet-raghavan-to-be-seen-in-the-classic-comedy-show-wagle-ki-duniya-nayi-peedhi-naye-kissey/articleshow/79578826.cms|access-date=2020-12-05|website=The Times of India|date=5 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|Hats Off Production |- | 9 June 2022 |''Pushpa Impossible'' |- |12 December 2024 |''Tenali Rama 2'' |Contiloe Productions |- | 11 March 2025 |''Veer Hanuman - Bolo Bajrang Bali Ki Jai'' |Swastik Productions |} == Upcoming broadcasts == *''Itti Si Khushi'' ==Former broadcasts== ===Comedy series=== * ''A Mad House<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k5/jan/jan95.htm|title=Sab TV revamps 8 - 10&nbsp;pm band; launches 9 new shows|date=12 January 2005|website=Indian Television Dot Com}}</ref> (2005)'' * ''[[Aadat Se Majboor (TV Series)|Aadat Se Majboor]] (2017–2018)'' * ''Aaj Ke Shrimaan Shrimati<ref name="auto1" /> (2005)'' * ''Abhi Toh Main Jawan Hoon<ref name="Growth" /> (2003)'' * ''Aflatoon<ref name="auto3">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k1/aug/aug20.htm|title=Sabe TV readies new programming; says it beats Zee and Sony in rest of Maharashtra|date=9 August 2001|website=Indian Television Dot Com}}</ref> (2001)'' * ''Akting-Akting<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021222/spectrum/tv.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Television|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> (2002-2003)'' * ''[[Ammaji Ki Galli]] (2011)'' * ''Apna News Aayega<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/aditi-bhatia-apna-news-aayega-comedy-show-5811309/|title=AdUpcoming Broadcastsiti Bhatia: Apna News Aayega is very different from other comedy shows|date=2 July 2019}}</ref> (2019–2020)'' * ''Bade Miya Chhote Miya<ref name="Growth" /> (2003)'' * ''[[Badi Door Se Aaye Hain]] (2014–2016)'' * ''[[Bhakharwadi]] (2019–2020)'' * ''Band Baaja Bandh Darwaza<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/at-the-launch-of-band-baja-bandh-darwaza/videoshow/67560670.cms|title=At the launch of Band Baja Bandh Darwaza &#124; TV - Times of India Videos|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> (2019)'' * ''Baavle Utaavle <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/baavle-utaavle-going-off-air-actress-shivani-badoni-shares-goofy-pictures/articleshow/70679052.cms|title=Baavle Utaavle going off-air; actress Shivani Badoni shares goofy pictures - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=14 August 2019 }}</ref> (2019)'' * ''Beechwale - Bapu Dekh Raha Hai (2018–2019)'' * ''[[Bhaago KK Aaya]] (2008)'' * ''[[Bhai Bhaiya Aur Brother]] (2012)'' * ''[[Bhootwala Serial]] (2009)'' * ''[[Carry on Alia]] (2019–2020)'' * ''[[Chandrakant Chiplunkar Seedi Bamba Wala]] (2014)'' * ''[[Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi...Let's Go]] (2015–2016)'' * ''Chamcha in Chief<ref name="Lok" /> (2005–2006)'' * ''[[Chidiya Ghar]] (2011–2017)'' * ''[[Chintu Chinki Aur Ek Badi Si Love Story]] (2011–2012)'' * ''Chhupke Chhupke<ref name="Seven" /> (2014)'' * ''Daddy Samjha Karo<ref name="auto3" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000709/spectrum/tv.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Television|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> (2000–2001)'' * ''Dhaba Junction<ref name="Growth" /> (2003–2004)'' * ''[[Dil Deke Dekho (TV series)|Dil Deke Dekho]] (2016–2017)'' * ''[[Don't Worry Chachu]] (2011–2012)'' * ''[[Dr. Bhanumati On Duty]] (2016)'' * ''[[Dr. Madhumati On Duty]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/sab-tv-dr-bhanumati-dr-madhumati-kavita-kaushik-rati-pandey-debina-bonnerjee-lifetv/1/709514.html|title=SAB TV's Dr Bhanumati to be changed to Dr Madhumati?|date=7 July 2016|website=India Today|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820043409/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/sab-tv-dr-bhanumati-dr-madhumati-kavita-kaushik-rati-pandey-debina-bonnerjee-lifetv/1/709514.html|archive-date=20 August 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2016)'' * ''[[F.I.R. (TV series)|F.I.R.]] (2006–2015)'' * ''Full Masti 88.2<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/story/20876_Is-SAB-moving-back-to-the-humour-platform|title=Is SAB moving back to the humour platform?|date=13 April 2008|website=www.afaqs.com|access-date=17 August 2019|archive-date=14 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714114306/https://www.afaqs.com/news/story/20876_Is-SAB-moving-back-to-the-humour-platform|url-status=dead}}</ref> (2008)'' * ''[[Funhit Mein Jaari]] (2020–2021)'' * ''[[Golmaal Hai Bhai Sab Golmaal Hai]] (2012)'' * ''Gopi Gadha Aur Gupshup<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Gopi-Gadha-Aur-Gupshup-on-SAB-TV/articleshow/14150562.cms|title=Gopi, Gadha Aur Gupshup on SAB TV - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=15 June 2012 }}</ref> (2012)'' * ''[[The Great Indian Family Drama]]'' (2015) * ''Gunwale Dulhania Le Jayenge<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/gunwale-dulhaniya-le-jayenge-on-sab/story-Ihix2VfVroMw6qrn1NvS4J.html|title=Gunwale dulhaniya le jayenge on SAB|date=26 February 2009|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> (2009)'' * ''[[Gupp Chupp]] (2016)'' * ''[[Gutur Gu]] (2010–2014)'' * ''[[Hansi He Hansi...Mil Toh Lein]] (2015)'' * ''[[Hassi Woh Phassi]] (2003)<ref name="Growth" />'' * ''[[Hum Aapke Ghar Mein Rehte Hain]] (2015)'' * ''[[Hum Aapke Hain In Laws]] (2013)'' * ''Humse Hai Zamana<ref name="Seven" /> (2008)'' * ''[[I Luv My India]] (2012)'' * ''Jasoos 005<ref name="Seven">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k4/may/may222.htm|title=SAB TV to launch seven new shows|date=May 28, 2014|access-date=July 29, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905112626/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k4/may/may222.htm|archive-date=5 September 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2008)'' * ''Jaankhilavan Jasoos<ref>https://www.adgully.com/sab-tv-launches-india-s-first-detective-comedy-jaankhilavan-jasoos-45010.html</ref> (2010–2011)'' * ''[[Jeannie Aur Juju]] (2012–2014)'' * ''[[Jijaji Chhat Per Hain]] (2018–2020)'' * ''[[Jijaji Chhat Parr Koii Hai]](2021)'' * ''[[Jugni Chali Jalandhar]] (2008–2010)'' * ''Jo Biwi Se Kare Pyaar<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jo-biwi-se-kare-pyaar-deepti-bhatnagar-arjun-bijlani-shweta-gulatirakesh-paul/articleshow/24582207.cms? | title='Jo Biwi Se...' is India's first fiction-cookery show! | newspaper=The Times of India | date=23 October 2013 }}</ref> (2013)'' * * ''[[Khatmal E Ishq]] (2016–2017)'' * ''[[Khidki]] (2016)'' * ''Krishna Kanhaiya<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2015/06/sab-tv-gears-to-launch-new-show-krishan-kanhaiya-on-june-29/|title=Sab TV gears to launch new show 'Krishan Kanhaiya' on June 29|website=www.bestmediaifo.com|date=17 June 2015 }}</ref> (2015)'' * ''[[Lapataganj]] (2009–2014)'' * ''[[Lo Ho Gayi Pooja Iss Ghar Ki]]<ref name="Rin" /> (2008–2009)'' * ''[[Main Kab Saas Banoongi]] (2008–2009) '' * ''[[Malegaon Ka Chintu]] (2011–2014)'' * ''[[Mangalam Dangalam]] (2018–2019)'' * ''[[Maniben.com]] (2009–2010)'' * ''Masti<ref name="auto1" /> (2005)'' * ''Mohalla Mohabbat Wala<ref name="auto" /> (2008)'' * ''[[Mrs. & Mr. Sharma Allahabadwale]] (2010–2011)'' * ''[[Mrs. Tendulkar]] (2011)'' * ''[[My Name Ijj Lakhan]] (2019)'' * ''[[Namune]] (2018)'' * ''[[Office Office]] (2001–2004)'' * ''[[Papad Pol - Shahabuddin Rathod Ki Rangeen Duniya|Papad Pol]] (2010–2011)'' * ''[[Partners Trouble Ho Gayi Double]] (2017–2018)'' * ''Platform No. 9<ref name="auto1" /> (2005)'' * ''[[Police Factory]] (2015–2016)'' * ''[[Pritam Pyare Aur Woh]] (2014)'' * ''[[R. K. Laxman Ki Duniya]] (2011–2013)'' * ''[[Saat Phero Ki Hera Pherie]] (2018)'' * ''Sab Ka Bheja Fry<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/sab-tv-launches-sab-ka-bheja-fry-under-humour-block-27153.html|title=SAB TV launches 'Sab ka Bheja Fry' under humour block - Exchange4media|website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media}}</ref> (2007)'' * ''Sab Kuch Ho Sakta Hai<ref name="Lok" /> (2005–2006)'' * ''[[Sabse Bada Rupaiya (TV series)|Sabse Bada Rupaiya]]<ref name="auto1" /> (2005)'' * ''[[Saheb Biwi Aur Boss]] (2015–2016)'' * ''Sahib Biwi Ka Ghulam<ref name="Hasi">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/apr/apr186.htm|title=SAB TV primed up for humour|date=April 24, 2003|access-date=July 29, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716181124/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/apr/apr186.htm|archive-date=16 July 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2003)'' * ''[[Sajan Re Jhoot Mat Bolo]] (2009–2012)'' * ''[[Sajan Re Phir Jhoot Mat Bolo]] (2017–2018)'' * ''[[Shankar Jaikishan 3 in 1]] (2017)'' * ''[[Shree Adi Manav]] (2008)'' * ''[[Shrimaan Shrimati Phir Se]] (2018)'' * ''Shree Sifarishilal<ref name="Carry" /> (2003–2004)'' * ''Sonu Sweety<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/the-laughter-queens/cid/598787|title=The laughter queens|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> (2008–2009)'' * ''[[Super Sisters - Chalega Pyar Ka Jaadu]] (2018)'' * ''[[Tenali Rama (TV series)|Tenali Rama]] (2017–2020)'' * ''[[Thank You Jijaji]] (2009)'' * ''[[Tota Weds Maina]] (2013)'' * ''[[Trideviyaan]] (2016–2017)'' * ''[[Tu Mere Agal Bagal Hai]] (2014)'' * ''[[TV, Biwi aur Main]] (2017)'' * ''Waqt Hamara Hai<ref name="Seven" /> (2008)'' * ''[[Woh Teri Bhabhi Hai Pagle]] (2016)'' * ''[[Yam Hain Hum]] (2014–2016)'' * ''[[Yeh Chanda Kanoon Hai]] (2009–2010)'' * ''[[Yes Boss (TV series)|Yes Boss]] (1999–2009)'' * ''[[Zabaan Sambhalke]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/oct/oct132.htm |title=Sab TV steadily increasing channel share &#124; Indian Television Dot Com |publisher=Indiantelevision.com |date=2003-10-15 |access-date=2020-01-22}}</ref> (2003–2004)'' ====Drama series==== {{div col}} * ''[[Aladdin – Naam Toh Suna Hoga]] (2018–2021)'' *''[[Ali Baba (TV series)|''Ali Baba'']](2022-2023) * ''[[Alif Laila]]<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k1/may/may16.htm|title=SABe TV in month-long programme push|date=12 May 2001|website=Indian Television Dot Com}}</ref> (2001–2002)'' * ''[[Apni Khushian Apne Gham]] (2001)'' * ''[[Baal Veer]]'' (2012–2016) * ''[[Baalveer Returns]]'' (2019–2021)<ref>{{Cite web|title='BaalVeer Returns' goes off-air abruptly; won't resume shoot|url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/baalveer-returns-goes-offair-abruptly-wont-resume-shoot_176564|access-date=2021-05-21|website=India Forums|language=en}}</ref> * ''[[Singhasan Battisi (TV series)|Betaal Aur Singhasan Battisi]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Comical-adventure-with-Betaal-Aur-Sinhasan-Battisi/articleshow/46343941.cms|title=Comical adventure with Betaal Aur Sinhasan Battisi|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=February 23, 2015|access-date=August 5, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150312030200/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Comical-adventure-with-Betaal-Aur-Sinhasan-Battisi/articleshow/46343941.cms|archive-date=12 March 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2015)'' * ''[[Bhanwar (TV series)|Bhanwar]] (1999)'' * ''Colonell<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020106/spectrum/tv.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Television|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> (2002)'' * ''[[Dial 100 (TV series)|Dial 100]] (2003)'' * ''Doli Leke Ayee Hai<ref name="Growth">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/oct/oct132.htm|title=Sab TV steadily increasing channel share|date=October 15, 2003|access-date=July 2, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818015551/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/oct/oct132.htm|archive-date=18 August 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2003–2004)'' * ''Dulhan<ref name="auto2"/> (2004)'' * ''[[Four (TV series)|Four]] (2007)'' * ''[[Ichhapyaari Naagin]]'' (2016–2017) * ''[[Jai Shri Swaminarayan]] (2002)'' * ''[[Jersey No. 10]] (2007–2008)'' * ''Ji Bhenji''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060820/spectrum/tv.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> (2006)'' * ''Karam<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/quitting-telly-for-that-thing-called-love/cid/1638209|title=Quitting telly for that thing called love|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> (2001)'' * ''[[Left Right Left (TV series)|Left Right Left]] (2006–2008)'' * ''[[Love Story (SAB TV series)|Love Story]] (2007–2008)'' * ''Love Mein Kabhi Kabhi''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/interviews/y2k3/director/deeya_singh.htm|title="We will not deviate from the original script of 'Betty La Fea', come what may" : Deeya Singh|date=4 December 2003|website=Indian Television Dot Com}}</ref> (2003–2004) * '' Maddam Sir '' (2020 - 2023)<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/video/saas-bahu-aur-suspense/sneak-peek-into-new-show-madam-sir-588652|title=Sneak Peek into new show Madam Sir|date=2020-02-22}}</ref> * ''[[Peterson Hill]] (2015)'' * ''Sambandh''<ref name="auto3"/> (2001) * ''Sati Savitri''<ref name="auto2"/> (2001) * ''Satyavadi Raja Harishchandra''<ref name="auto2"/> (2001) * ''Search''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020901/spectrum/tv.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Television|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> (2002) *''Shrimad Ramayan'' (2024-2025) * ''[[Twinkle Beauty Parlour Lajpat Nagar]]'' (2006) * ''[[Y.A.R.O Ka Tashan]]'' (2016–2017) {{div col end}} ====Reality/non-scripted programming==== {{div col}} * ''[[Acting Ki Funshaala]] (2008)'' * ''[[Carryy on Shekhar]]<ref name="Carry">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/oct/oct205.htm|title=SAB to launch two new shows|date=October 27, 2003|access-date=July 29, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726194024/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/oct/oct205.htm|archive-date=26 July 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2003–2004)'' * ''Comedy Ka King Kaun<ref name="auto"/> (2008)'' * ''[[Comedy Superstar]] (2015)'' * ''[[Fame X]] (2006–2007)'' * ''Family Antakshri Baithe Baithe Kya Kare<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/SAB-TV-launches-Family-Antakshari-Baithe-Baithe-Kya-Kare/articleshow/42795029.cms|title=SAB TV launches 'Family Antakshari #Baithe Baithe Kya Kare' - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref> (2014)'' * ''[[India Ke Mast Kalandar]] (2018)'' * ''[[Kuch... Diiil Se]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/apr/apr204.htm|title=Smriti 'Tulsi' Malhotra to host talk show on Sab TV|date=April 28, 2003|access-date=July 29, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315063645/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/apr/apr204.htm|archive-date=15 March 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2003)'' * ''[[Kuch Smiles Ho Jayein... With Alia]] (2020)'' * ''Lo Kal Lo Baat<ref name="Lok">{{cite web|url=http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/13074_SAB-TV-shifts-from-pure-comedy-to-general-entertainment|title=SAB TV shifts from pure comedy to general entertainment|date=October 28, 2005|access-date=January 14, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114183933/http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/13074_SAB-TV-shifts-from-pure-comedy-to-general-entertainment|archive-date=14 January 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2005–2006)'' * ''[[Movers & Shakers (TV series)|Movers & Shakers]] (2012)'' * ''[[Mr. Aur Mrs. Verma Ki Rasoi]]'' * ''[[Sab Khelo Sab Jeeto]] (2013–2014)'' * ''[[Anupam Kher|Say Na Something Anupam Uncle]]<ref name=Carry/> (2000–2004)'' * ''[[Tedhi Baat Shekhar Ke Saath]] (2009)'' * ''[[Wah Wah]]<ref name=Seven/> (2008)'' * ''[[Wah! Wah! Kya Baat Hai!]] (2012–2013)'' * ''Zimmedar Kaun?<ref name=Seven/>(2008)'' {{div col end}} ====Hindi dubbed show==== {{div col}} * ''[[Alias (TV series)|Alias]]''<ref name=Firangi/> (2008) * ''[[America's Funniest Home Videos]]''<ref name=Firangi/> (2008) * ''[[Desperate Housewives]]''<ref name=Firangi/> (2008) * ''[[Extreme Makeover]]''<ref name=Firangi/> (2008) * ''[[Home Improvement (TV series)|Home Improvement]]''<ref name="Rin">{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/sab-tv-reinvents-itself/story-slZOfgA8NdOJ4VtAlg0fyL.html|title=SAB TV reinvents itself|date=June 28, 2008|access-date=May 6, 2018}}</ref> (2008) * ''[[Lost (TV series)|Lost]]''<ref name="Firangi">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/special/y2k8/dub_special.php|title=International Chaska on SAB TV|date=February 9, 2008|access-date=September 8, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509233755/http://www.indiantelevision.com/special/y2k8/dub_special.php|archive-date=9 May 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2008) * ''[[My Wife and Kids]]''<ref name=Rin/> (2008) * ''[[Watchdog (TV series)|Watchdog]]''<ref name=Seven/> (2008) {{div col end}} ====Animated series==== * ''[[Asterix|Asterix the Gaul]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k1/dec/dec81.htm|title=Asterix to add muscle to SAB TV's Toon band|date=December 29, 2001|access-date=July 3, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423153616/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k1/dec/dec81.htm|archive-date=23 April 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2001–2002) * ''Turtle Island''<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wanvari|first1=Anil|title=Indiantelevision dot com's Tube Talk :SABe woos toon fans with Turtle Island|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/tube/y2k1/nov/novtube19.htm|website=www.indiantelevision.com|access-date=22 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203102031/http://www.indiantelevision.com/tube/y2k1/nov/novtube19.htm|archive-date=3 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2001–2002) ==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} [[Category:Lists of Indian television series]] [[Category:Lists of television series by network]] bqco60o157mox4uu00ab21rfhesry33 10367727 10367726 2025-07-02T14:12:40Z Garmagaramsamosa 1635810 /* Upcoming broadcasts */ 10367727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}} This is the list of original programming currently and formerly broadcast by the Indian television channel [[Sony SAB]]. == Current broadcasts == <!--Do not add content without providing a reliably published source--> {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Premiere date !Show !Production house |- |28 July 2008 |''[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]''<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-disha-vakani-to-be-replaced-5656439/|title=Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah: Disha Vakani to be replaced, makers start hunt for new Dayaben|date=3 April 2019 |access-date=2019-12-28}}</ref> |Neela Tele Films |- |8 February 2021 |''Wagle Ki Duniya – Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey''<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sumeet Raghavan to be seen in the classic comedy show Wagle Ki Duniya - Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sumeet-raghavan-to-be-seen-in-the-classic-comedy-show-wagle-ki-duniya-nayi-peedhi-naye-kissey/articleshow/79578826.cms|access-date=2020-12-05|website=The Times of India|date=5 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|Hats Off Production |- | 9 June 2022 |''Pushpa Impossible'' |- |12 December 2024 |''Tenali Rama 2'' |Contiloe Productions |- | 11 March 2025 |''Veer Hanuman - Bolo Bajrang Bali Ki Jai'' |Swastik Productions |} == Upcoming broadcasts == {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Premiere Date !Show !Production house |- |August 2025 | ''Itti Si Khushi'' | Rose Audio Visuals Production ==Former broadcasts== ===Comedy series=== * ''A Mad House<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k5/jan/jan95.htm|title=Sab TV revamps 8 - 10&nbsp;pm band; launches 9 new shows|date=12 January 2005|website=Indian Television Dot Com}}</ref> (2005)'' * ''[[Aadat Se Majboor (TV Series)|Aadat Se Majboor]] (2017–2018)'' * ''Aaj Ke Shrimaan Shrimati<ref name="auto1" /> (2005)'' * ''Abhi Toh Main Jawan Hoon<ref name="Growth" /> (2003)'' * ''Aflatoon<ref name="auto3">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k1/aug/aug20.htm|title=Sabe TV readies new programming; says it beats Zee and Sony in rest of Maharashtra|date=9 August 2001|website=Indian Television Dot Com}}</ref> (2001)'' * ''Akting-Akting<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021222/spectrum/tv.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Television|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> (2002-2003)'' * ''[[Ammaji Ki Galli]] (2011)'' * ''Apna News Aayega<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/aditi-bhatia-apna-news-aayega-comedy-show-5811309/|title=AdUpcoming Broadcastsiti Bhatia: Apna News Aayega is very different from other comedy shows|date=2 July 2019}}</ref> (2019–2020)'' * ''Bade Miya Chhote Miya<ref name="Growth" /> (2003)'' * ''[[Badi Door Se Aaye Hain]] (2014–2016)'' * ''[[Bhakharwadi]] (2019–2020)'' * ''Band Baaja Bandh Darwaza<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/at-the-launch-of-band-baja-bandh-darwaza/videoshow/67560670.cms|title=At the launch of Band Baja Bandh Darwaza &#124; TV - Times of India Videos|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> (2019)'' * ''Baavle Utaavle <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/baavle-utaavle-going-off-air-actress-shivani-badoni-shares-goofy-pictures/articleshow/70679052.cms|title=Baavle Utaavle going off-air; actress Shivani Badoni shares goofy pictures - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=14 August 2019 }}</ref> (2019)'' * ''Beechwale - Bapu Dekh Raha Hai (2018–2019)'' * ''[[Bhaago KK Aaya]] (2008)'' * ''[[Bhai Bhaiya Aur Brother]] (2012)'' * ''[[Bhootwala Serial]] (2009)'' * ''[[Carry on Alia]] (2019–2020)'' * ''[[Chandrakant Chiplunkar Seedi Bamba Wala]] (2014)'' * ''[[Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi...Let's Go]] (2015–2016)'' * ''Chamcha in Chief<ref name="Lok" /> (2005–2006)'' * ''[[Chidiya Ghar]] (2011–2017)'' * ''[[Chintu Chinki Aur Ek Badi Si Love Story]] (2011–2012)'' * ''Chhupke Chhupke<ref name="Seven" /> (2014)'' * ''Daddy Samjha Karo<ref name="auto3" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000709/spectrum/tv.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Television|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> (2000–2001)'' * ''Dhaba Junction<ref name="Growth" /> (2003–2004)'' * ''[[Dil Deke Dekho (TV series)|Dil Deke Dekho]] (2016–2017)'' * ''[[Don't Worry Chachu]] (2011–2012)'' * ''[[Dr. Bhanumati On Duty]] (2016)'' * ''[[Dr. Madhumati On Duty]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/sab-tv-dr-bhanumati-dr-madhumati-kavita-kaushik-rati-pandey-debina-bonnerjee-lifetv/1/709514.html|title=SAB TV's Dr Bhanumati to be changed to Dr Madhumati?|date=7 July 2016|website=India Today|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820043409/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/sab-tv-dr-bhanumati-dr-madhumati-kavita-kaushik-rati-pandey-debina-bonnerjee-lifetv/1/709514.html|archive-date=20 August 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2016)'' * ''[[F.I.R. (TV series)|F.I.R.]] (2006–2015)'' * ''Full Masti 88.2<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/story/20876_Is-SAB-moving-back-to-the-humour-platform|title=Is SAB moving back to the humour platform?|date=13 April 2008|website=www.afaqs.com|access-date=17 August 2019|archive-date=14 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714114306/https://www.afaqs.com/news/story/20876_Is-SAB-moving-back-to-the-humour-platform|url-status=dead}}</ref> (2008)'' * ''[[Funhit Mein Jaari]] (2020–2021)'' * ''[[Golmaal Hai Bhai Sab Golmaal Hai]] (2012)'' * ''Gopi Gadha Aur Gupshup<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Gopi-Gadha-Aur-Gupshup-on-SAB-TV/articleshow/14150562.cms|title=Gopi, Gadha Aur Gupshup on SAB TV - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=15 June 2012 }}</ref> (2012)'' * ''[[The Great Indian Family Drama]]'' (2015) * ''Gunwale Dulhania Le Jayenge<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/gunwale-dulhaniya-le-jayenge-on-sab/story-Ihix2VfVroMw6qrn1NvS4J.html|title=Gunwale dulhaniya le jayenge on SAB|date=26 February 2009|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> (2009)'' * ''[[Gupp Chupp]] (2016)'' * ''[[Gutur Gu]] (2010–2014)'' * ''[[Hansi He Hansi...Mil Toh Lein]] (2015)'' * ''[[Hassi Woh Phassi]] (2003)<ref name="Growth" />'' * ''[[Hum Aapke Ghar Mein Rehte Hain]] (2015)'' * ''[[Hum Aapke Hain In Laws]] (2013)'' * ''Humse Hai Zamana<ref name="Seven" /> (2008)'' * ''[[I Luv My India]] (2012)'' * ''Jasoos 005<ref name="Seven">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k4/may/may222.htm|title=SAB TV to launch seven new shows|date=May 28, 2014|access-date=July 29, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905112626/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k4/may/may222.htm|archive-date=5 September 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2008)'' * ''Jaankhilavan Jasoos<ref>https://www.adgully.com/sab-tv-launches-india-s-first-detective-comedy-jaankhilavan-jasoos-45010.html</ref> (2010–2011)'' * ''[[Jeannie Aur Juju]] (2012–2014)'' * ''[[Jijaji Chhat Per Hain]] (2018–2020)'' * ''[[Jijaji Chhat Parr Koii Hai]](2021)'' * ''[[Jugni Chali Jalandhar]] (2008–2010)'' * ''Jo Biwi Se Kare Pyaar<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jo-biwi-se-kare-pyaar-deepti-bhatnagar-arjun-bijlani-shweta-gulatirakesh-paul/articleshow/24582207.cms? | title='Jo Biwi Se...' is India's first fiction-cookery show! | newspaper=The Times of India | date=23 October 2013 }}</ref> (2013)'' * * ''[[Khatmal E Ishq]] (2016–2017)'' * ''[[Khidki]] (2016)'' * ''Krishna Kanhaiya<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2015/06/sab-tv-gears-to-launch-new-show-krishan-kanhaiya-on-june-29/|title=Sab TV gears to launch new show 'Krishan Kanhaiya' on June 29|website=www.bestmediaifo.com|date=17 June 2015 }}</ref> (2015)'' * ''[[Lapataganj]] (2009–2014)'' * ''[[Lo Ho Gayi Pooja Iss Ghar Ki]]<ref name="Rin" /> (2008–2009)'' * ''[[Main Kab Saas Banoongi]] (2008–2009) '' * ''[[Malegaon Ka Chintu]] (2011–2014)'' * ''[[Mangalam Dangalam]] (2018–2019)'' * ''[[Maniben.com]] (2009–2010)'' * ''Masti<ref name="auto1" /> (2005)'' * ''Mohalla Mohabbat Wala<ref name="auto" /> (2008)'' * ''[[Mrs. & Mr. Sharma Allahabadwale]] (2010–2011)'' * ''[[Mrs. Tendulkar]] (2011)'' * ''[[My Name Ijj Lakhan]] (2019)'' * ''[[Namune]] (2018)'' * ''[[Office Office]] (2001–2004)'' * ''[[Papad Pol - Shahabuddin Rathod Ki Rangeen Duniya|Papad Pol]] (2010–2011)'' * ''[[Partners Trouble Ho Gayi Double]] (2017–2018)'' * ''Platform No. 9<ref name="auto1" /> (2005)'' * ''[[Police Factory]] (2015–2016)'' * ''[[Pritam Pyare Aur Woh]] (2014)'' * ''[[R. K. Laxman Ki Duniya]] (2011–2013)'' * ''[[Saat Phero Ki Hera Pherie]] (2018)'' * ''Sab Ka Bheja Fry<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/sab-tv-launches-sab-ka-bheja-fry-under-humour-block-27153.html|title=SAB TV launches 'Sab ka Bheja Fry' under humour block - Exchange4media|website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media}}</ref> (2007)'' * ''Sab Kuch Ho Sakta Hai<ref name="Lok" /> (2005–2006)'' * ''[[Sabse Bada Rupaiya (TV series)|Sabse Bada Rupaiya]]<ref name="auto1" /> (2005)'' * ''[[Saheb Biwi Aur Boss]] (2015–2016)'' * ''Sahib Biwi Ka Ghulam<ref name="Hasi">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/apr/apr186.htm|title=SAB TV primed up for humour|date=April 24, 2003|access-date=July 29, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716181124/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/apr/apr186.htm|archive-date=16 July 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2003)'' * ''[[Sajan Re Jhoot Mat Bolo]] (2009–2012)'' * ''[[Sajan Re Phir Jhoot Mat Bolo]] (2017–2018)'' * ''[[Shankar Jaikishan 3 in 1]] (2017)'' * ''[[Shree Adi Manav]] (2008)'' * ''[[Shrimaan Shrimati Phir Se]] (2018)'' * ''Shree Sifarishilal<ref name="Carry" /> (2003–2004)'' * ''Sonu Sweety<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/the-laughter-queens/cid/598787|title=The laughter queens|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> (2008–2009)'' * ''[[Super Sisters - Chalega Pyar Ka Jaadu]] (2018)'' * ''[[Tenali Rama (TV series)|Tenali Rama]] (2017–2020)'' * ''[[Thank You Jijaji]] (2009)'' * ''[[Tota Weds Maina]] (2013)'' * ''[[Trideviyaan]] (2016–2017)'' * ''[[Tu Mere Agal Bagal Hai]] (2014)'' * ''[[TV, Biwi aur Main]] (2017)'' * ''Waqt Hamara Hai<ref name="Seven" /> (2008)'' * ''[[Woh Teri Bhabhi Hai Pagle]] (2016)'' * ''[[Yam Hain Hum]] (2014–2016)'' * ''[[Yeh Chanda Kanoon Hai]] (2009–2010)'' * ''[[Yes Boss (TV series)|Yes Boss]] (1999–2009)'' * ''[[Zabaan Sambhalke]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/oct/oct132.htm |title=Sab TV steadily increasing channel share &#124; Indian Television Dot Com |publisher=Indiantelevision.com |date=2003-10-15 |access-date=2020-01-22}}</ref> (2003–2004)'' ====Drama series==== {{div col}} * ''[[Aladdin – Naam Toh Suna Hoga]] (2018–2021)'' *''[[Ali Baba (TV series)|''Ali Baba'']](2022-2023) * ''[[Alif Laila]]<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k1/may/may16.htm|title=SABe TV in month-long programme push|date=12 May 2001|website=Indian Television Dot Com}}</ref> (2001–2002)'' * ''[[Apni Khushian Apne Gham]] (2001)'' * ''[[Baal Veer]]'' (2012–2016) * ''[[Baalveer Returns]]'' (2019–2021)<ref>{{Cite web|title='BaalVeer Returns' goes off-air abruptly; won't resume shoot|url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/baalveer-returns-goes-offair-abruptly-wont-resume-shoot_176564|access-date=2021-05-21|website=India Forums|language=en}}</ref> * ''[[Singhasan Battisi (TV series)|Betaal Aur Singhasan Battisi]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Comical-adventure-with-Betaal-Aur-Sinhasan-Battisi/articleshow/46343941.cms|title=Comical adventure with Betaal Aur Sinhasan Battisi|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=February 23, 2015|access-date=August 5, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150312030200/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Comical-adventure-with-Betaal-Aur-Sinhasan-Battisi/articleshow/46343941.cms|archive-date=12 March 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2015)'' * ''[[Bhanwar (TV series)|Bhanwar]] (1999)'' * ''Colonell<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020106/spectrum/tv.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Television|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> (2002)'' * ''[[Dial 100 (TV series)|Dial 100]] (2003)'' * ''Doli Leke Ayee Hai<ref name="Growth">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/oct/oct132.htm|title=Sab TV steadily increasing channel share|date=October 15, 2003|access-date=July 2, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818015551/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/oct/oct132.htm|archive-date=18 August 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2003–2004)'' * ''Dulhan<ref name="auto2"/> (2004)'' * ''[[Four (TV series)|Four]] (2007)'' * ''[[Ichhapyaari Naagin]]'' (2016–2017) * ''[[Jai Shri Swaminarayan]] (2002)'' * ''[[Jersey No. 10]] (2007–2008)'' * ''Ji Bhenji''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060820/spectrum/tv.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> (2006)'' * ''Karam<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/quitting-telly-for-that-thing-called-love/cid/1638209|title=Quitting telly for that thing called love|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> (2001)'' * ''[[Left Right Left (TV series)|Left Right Left]] (2006–2008)'' * ''[[Love Story (SAB TV series)|Love Story]] (2007–2008)'' * ''Love Mein Kabhi Kabhi''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/interviews/y2k3/director/deeya_singh.htm|title="We will not deviate from the original script of 'Betty La Fea', come what may" : Deeya Singh|date=4 December 2003|website=Indian Television Dot Com}}</ref> (2003–2004) * '' Maddam Sir '' (2020 - 2023)<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/video/saas-bahu-aur-suspense/sneak-peek-into-new-show-madam-sir-588652|title=Sneak Peek into new show Madam Sir|date=2020-02-22}}</ref> * ''[[Peterson Hill]] (2015)'' * ''Sambandh''<ref name="auto3"/> (2001) * ''Sati Savitri''<ref name="auto2"/> (2001) * ''Satyavadi Raja Harishchandra''<ref name="auto2"/> (2001) * ''Search''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020901/spectrum/tv.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Television|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> (2002) *''Shrimad Ramayan'' (2024-2025) * ''[[Twinkle Beauty Parlour Lajpat Nagar]]'' (2006) * ''[[Y.A.R.O Ka Tashan]]'' (2016–2017) {{div col end}} ====Reality/non-scripted programming==== {{div col}} * ''[[Acting Ki Funshaala]] (2008)'' * ''[[Carryy on Shekhar]]<ref name="Carry">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/oct/oct205.htm|title=SAB to launch two new shows|date=October 27, 2003|access-date=July 29, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726194024/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/oct/oct205.htm|archive-date=26 July 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2003–2004)'' * ''Comedy Ka King Kaun<ref name="auto"/> (2008)'' * ''[[Comedy Superstar]] (2015)'' * ''[[Fame X]] (2006–2007)'' * ''Family Antakshri Baithe Baithe Kya Kare<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/SAB-TV-launches-Family-Antakshari-Baithe-Baithe-Kya-Kare/articleshow/42795029.cms|title=SAB TV launches 'Family Antakshari #Baithe Baithe Kya Kare' - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref> (2014)'' * ''[[India Ke Mast Kalandar]] (2018)'' * ''[[Kuch... Diiil Se]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/apr/apr204.htm|title=Smriti 'Tulsi' Malhotra to host talk show on Sab TV|date=April 28, 2003|access-date=July 29, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315063645/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/apr/apr204.htm|archive-date=15 March 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2003)'' * ''[[Kuch Smiles Ho Jayein... With Alia]] (2020)'' * ''Lo Kal Lo Baat<ref name="Lok">{{cite web|url=http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/13074_SAB-TV-shifts-from-pure-comedy-to-general-entertainment|title=SAB TV shifts from pure comedy to general entertainment|date=October 28, 2005|access-date=January 14, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114183933/http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/13074_SAB-TV-shifts-from-pure-comedy-to-general-entertainment|archive-date=14 January 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2005–2006)'' * ''[[Movers & Shakers (TV series)|Movers & Shakers]] (2012)'' * ''[[Mr. Aur Mrs. Verma Ki Rasoi]]'' * ''[[Sab Khelo Sab Jeeto]] (2013–2014)'' * ''[[Anupam Kher|Say Na Something Anupam Uncle]]<ref name=Carry/> (2000–2004)'' * ''[[Tedhi Baat Shekhar Ke Saath]] (2009)'' * ''[[Wah Wah]]<ref name=Seven/> (2008)'' * ''[[Wah! Wah! Kya Baat Hai!]] (2012–2013)'' * ''Zimmedar Kaun?<ref name=Seven/>(2008)'' {{div col end}} ====Hindi dubbed show==== {{div col}} * ''[[Alias (TV series)|Alias]]''<ref name=Firangi/> (2008) * ''[[America's Funniest Home Videos]]''<ref name=Firangi/> (2008) * ''[[Desperate Housewives]]''<ref name=Firangi/> (2008) * ''[[Extreme Makeover]]''<ref name=Firangi/> (2008) * ''[[Home Improvement (TV series)|Home Improvement]]''<ref name="Rin">{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/sab-tv-reinvents-itself/story-slZOfgA8NdOJ4VtAlg0fyL.html|title=SAB TV reinvents itself|date=June 28, 2008|access-date=May 6, 2018}}</ref> (2008) * ''[[Lost (TV series)|Lost]]''<ref name="Firangi">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/special/y2k8/dub_special.php|title=International Chaska on SAB TV|date=February 9, 2008|access-date=September 8, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509233755/http://www.indiantelevision.com/special/y2k8/dub_special.php|archive-date=9 May 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2008) * ''[[My Wife and Kids]]''<ref name=Rin/> (2008) * ''[[Watchdog (TV series)|Watchdog]]''<ref name=Seven/> (2008) {{div col end}} ====Animated series==== * ''[[Asterix|Asterix the Gaul]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k1/dec/dec81.htm|title=Asterix to add muscle to SAB TV's Toon band|date=December 29, 2001|access-date=July 3, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423153616/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k1/dec/dec81.htm|archive-date=23 April 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2001–2002) * ''Turtle Island''<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wanvari|first1=Anil|title=Indiantelevision dot com's Tube Talk :SABe woos toon fans with Turtle Island|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/tube/y2k1/nov/novtube19.htm|website=www.indiantelevision.com|access-date=22 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203102031/http://www.indiantelevision.com/tube/y2k1/nov/novtube19.htm|archive-date=3 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2001–2002) ==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} [[Category:Lists of Indian television series]] [[Category:Lists of television series by network]] cyyh3wsd0av7e1jc17p2s87el15uzvy 10367728 10367727 2025-07-02T14:13:32Z Garmagaramsamosa 1635810 /* Upcoming broadcasts */ 10367728 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}} This is the list of original programming currently and formerly broadcast by the Indian television channel [[Sony SAB]]. == Current broadcasts == <!--Do not add content without providing a reliably published source--> {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Premiere date !Show !Production house |- |28 July 2008 |''[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]''<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-disha-vakani-to-be-replaced-5656439/|title=Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah: Disha Vakani to be replaced, makers start hunt for new Dayaben|date=3 April 2019 |access-date=2019-12-28}}</ref> |Neela Tele Films |- |8 February 2021 |''Wagle Ki Duniya – Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey''<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sumeet Raghavan to be seen in the classic comedy show Wagle Ki Duniya - Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sumeet-raghavan-to-be-seen-in-the-classic-comedy-show-wagle-ki-duniya-nayi-peedhi-naye-kissey/articleshow/79578826.cms|access-date=2020-12-05|website=The Times of India|date=5 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|Hats Off Production |- | 9 June 2022 |''Pushpa Impossible'' |- |12 December 2024 |''Tenali Rama 2'' |Contiloe Productions |- | 11 March 2025 |''Veer Hanuman - Bolo Bajrang Bali Ki Jai'' |Swastik Productions |} == Upcoming broadcasts == {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Premiere Date !Show !Production house |- |August 2025 | ''Itti Si Khushi'' | Rose Audio Visuals Production |} ==Former broadcasts== ===Comedy series=== * ''A Mad House<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k5/jan/jan95.htm|title=Sab TV revamps 8 - 10&nbsp;pm band; launches 9 new shows|date=12 January 2005|website=Indian Television Dot Com}}</ref> (2005)'' * ''[[Aadat Se Majboor (TV Series)|Aadat Se Majboor]] (2017–2018)'' * ''Aaj Ke Shrimaan Shrimati<ref name="auto1" /> (2005)'' * ''Abhi Toh Main Jawan Hoon<ref name="Growth" /> (2003)'' * ''Aflatoon<ref name="auto3">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k1/aug/aug20.htm|title=Sabe TV readies new programming; says it beats Zee and Sony in rest of Maharashtra|date=9 August 2001|website=Indian Television Dot Com}}</ref> (2001)'' * ''Akting-Akting<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021222/spectrum/tv.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Television|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> (2002-2003)'' * ''[[Ammaji Ki Galli]] (2011)'' * ''Apna News Aayega<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/aditi-bhatia-apna-news-aayega-comedy-show-5811309/|title=AdUpcoming Broadcastsiti Bhatia: Apna News Aayega is very different from other comedy shows|date=2 July 2019}}</ref> (2019–2020)'' * ''Bade Miya Chhote Miya<ref name="Growth" /> (2003)'' * ''[[Badi Door Se Aaye Hain]] (2014–2016)'' * ''[[Bhakharwadi]] (2019–2020)'' * ''Band Baaja Bandh Darwaza<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/at-the-launch-of-band-baja-bandh-darwaza/videoshow/67560670.cms|title=At the launch of Band Baja Bandh Darwaza &#124; TV - Times of India Videos|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> (2019)'' * ''Baavle Utaavle <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/baavle-utaavle-going-off-air-actress-shivani-badoni-shares-goofy-pictures/articleshow/70679052.cms|title=Baavle Utaavle going off-air; actress Shivani Badoni shares goofy pictures - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=14 August 2019 }}</ref> (2019)'' * ''Beechwale - Bapu Dekh Raha Hai (2018–2019)'' * ''[[Bhaago KK Aaya]] (2008)'' * ''[[Bhai Bhaiya Aur Brother]] (2012)'' * ''[[Bhootwala Serial]] (2009)'' * ''[[Carry on Alia]] (2019–2020)'' * ''[[Chandrakant Chiplunkar Seedi Bamba Wala]] (2014)'' * ''[[Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi...Let's Go]] (2015–2016)'' * ''Chamcha in Chief<ref name="Lok" /> (2005–2006)'' * ''[[Chidiya Ghar]] (2011–2017)'' * ''[[Chintu Chinki Aur Ek Badi Si Love Story]] (2011–2012)'' * ''Chhupke Chhupke<ref name="Seven" /> (2014)'' * ''Daddy Samjha Karo<ref name="auto3" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000709/spectrum/tv.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Television|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> (2000–2001)'' * ''Dhaba Junction<ref name="Growth" /> (2003–2004)'' * ''[[Dil Deke Dekho (TV series)|Dil Deke Dekho]] (2016–2017)'' * ''[[Don't Worry Chachu]] (2011–2012)'' * ''[[Dr. Bhanumati On Duty]] (2016)'' * ''[[Dr. Madhumati On Duty]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/sab-tv-dr-bhanumati-dr-madhumati-kavita-kaushik-rati-pandey-debina-bonnerjee-lifetv/1/709514.html|title=SAB TV's Dr Bhanumati to be changed to Dr Madhumati?|date=7 July 2016|website=India Today|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820043409/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/sab-tv-dr-bhanumati-dr-madhumati-kavita-kaushik-rati-pandey-debina-bonnerjee-lifetv/1/709514.html|archive-date=20 August 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2016)'' * ''[[F.I.R. (TV series)|F.I.R.]] (2006–2015)'' * ''Full Masti 88.2<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/story/20876_Is-SAB-moving-back-to-the-humour-platform|title=Is SAB moving back to the humour platform?|date=13 April 2008|website=www.afaqs.com|access-date=17 August 2019|archive-date=14 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714114306/https://www.afaqs.com/news/story/20876_Is-SAB-moving-back-to-the-humour-platform|url-status=dead}}</ref> (2008)'' * ''[[Funhit Mein Jaari]] (2020–2021)'' * ''[[Golmaal Hai Bhai Sab Golmaal Hai]] (2012)'' * ''Gopi Gadha Aur Gupshup<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Gopi-Gadha-Aur-Gupshup-on-SAB-TV/articleshow/14150562.cms|title=Gopi, Gadha Aur Gupshup on SAB TV - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=15 June 2012 }}</ref> (2012)'' * ''[[The Great Indian Family Drama]]'' (2015) * ''Gunwale Dulhania Le Jayenge<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/gunwale-dulhaniya-le-jayenge-on-sab/story-Ihix2VfVroMw6qrn1NvS4J.html|title=Gunwale dulhaniya le jayenge on SAB|date=26 February 2009|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> (2009)'' * ''[[Gupp Chupp]] (2016)'' * ''[[Gutur Gu]] (2010–2014)'' * ''[[Hansi He Hansi...Mil Toh Lein]] (2015)'' * ''[[Hassi Woh Phassi]] (2003)<ref name="Growth" />'' * ''[[Hum Aapke Ghar Mein Rehte Hain]] (2015)'' * ''[[Hum Aapke Hain In Laws]] (2013)'' * ''Humse Hai Zamana<ref name="Seven" /> (2008)'' * ''[[I Luv My India]] (2012)'' * ''Jasoos 005<ref name="Seven">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k4/may/may222.htm|title=SAB TV to launch seven new shows|date=May 28, 2014|access-date=July 29, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905112626/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k4/may/may222.htm|archive-date=5 September 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2008)'' * ''Jaankhilavan Jasoos<ref>https://www.adgully.com/sab-tv-launches-india-s-first-detective-comedy-jaankhilavan-jasoos-45010.html</ref> (2010–2011)'' * ''[[Jeannie Aur Juju]] (2012–2014)'' * ''[[Jijaji Chhat Per Hain]] (2018–2020)'' * ''[[Jijaji Chhat Parr Koii Hai]](2021)'' * ''[[Jugni Chali Jalandhar]] (2008–2010)'' * ''Jo Biwi Se Kare Pyaar<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jo-biwi-se-kare-pyaar-deepti-bhatnagar-arjun-bijlani-shweta-gulatirakesh-paul/articleshow/24582207.cms? | title='Jo Biwi Se...' is India's first fiction-cookery show! | newspaper=The Times of India | date=23 October 2013 }}</ref> (2013)'' * * ''[[Khatmal E Ishq]] (2016–2017)'' * ''[[Khidki]] (2016)'' * ''Krishna Kanhaiya<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2015/06/sab-tv-gears-to-launch-new-show-krishan-kanhaiya-on-june-29/|title=Sab TV gears to launch new show 'Krishan Kanhaiya' on June 29|website=www.bestmediaifo.com|date=17 June 2015 }}</ref> (2015)'' * ''[[Lapataganj]] (2009–2014)'' * ''[[Lo Ho Gayi Pooja Iss Ghar Ki]]<ref name="Rin" /> (2008–2009)'' * ''[[Main Kab Saas Banoongi]] (2008–2009) '' * ''[[Malegaon Ka Chintu]] (2011–2014)'' * ''[[Mangalam Dangalam]] (2018–2019)'' * ''[[Maniben.com]] (2009–2010)'' * ''Masti<ref name="auto1" /> (2005)'' * ''Mohalla Mohabbat Wala<ref name="auto" /> (2008)'' * ''[[Mrs. & Mr. Sharma Allahabadwale]] (2010–2011)'' * ''[[Mrs. Tendulkar]] (2011)'' * ''[[My Name Ijj Lakhan]] (2019)'' * ''[[Namune]] (2018)'' * ''[[Office Office]] (2001–2004)'' * ''[[Papad Pol - Shahabuddin Rathod Ki Rangeen Duniya|Papad Pol]] (2010–2011)'' * ''[[Partners Trouble Ho Gayi Double]] (2017–2018)'' * ''Platform No. 9<ref name="auto1" /> (2005)'' * ''[[Police Factory]] (2015–2016)'' * ''[[Pritam Pyare Aur Woh]] (2014)'' * ''[[R. K. Laxman Ki Duniya]] (2011–2013)'' * ''[[Saat Phero Ki Hera Pherie]] (2018)'' * ''Sab Ka Bheja Fry<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/sab-tv-launches-sab-ka-bheja-fry-under-humour-block-27153.html|title=SAB TV launches 'Sab ka Bheja Fry' under humour block - Exchange4media|website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media}}</ref> (2007)'' * ''Sab Kuch Ho Sakta Hai<ref name="Lok" /> (2005–2006)'' * ''[[Sabse Bada Rupaiya (TV series)|Sabse Bada Rupaiya]]<ref name="auto1" /> (2005)'' * ''[[Saheb Biwi Aur Boss]] (2015–2016)'' * ''Sahib Biwi Ka Ghulam<ref name="Hasi">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/apr/apr186.htm|title=SAB TV primed up for humour|date=April 24, 2003|access-date=July 29, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716181124/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/apr/apr186.htm|archive-date=16 July 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2003)'' * ''[[Sajan Re Jhoot Mat Bolo]] (2009–2012)'' * ''[[Sajan Re Phir Jhoot Mat Bolo]] (2017–2018)'' * ''[[Shankar Jaikishan 3 in 1]] (2017)'' * ''[[Shree Adi Manav]] (2008)'' * ''[[Shrimaan Shrimati Phir Se]] (2018)'' * ''Shree Sifarishilal<ref name="Carry" /> (2003–2004)'' * ''Sonu Sweety<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/the-laughter-queens/cid/598787|title=The laughter queens|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> (2008–2009)'' * ''[[Super Sisters - Chalega Pyar Ka Jaadu]] (2018)'' * ''[[Tenali Rama (TV series)|Tenali Rama]] (2017–2020)'' * ''[[Thank You Jijaji]] (2009)'' * ''[[Tota Weds Maina]] (2013)'' * ''[[Trideviyaan]] (2016–2017)'' * ''[[Tu Mere Agal Bagal Hai]] (2014)'' * ''[[TV, Biwi aur Main]] (2017)'' * ''Waqt Hamara Hai<ref name="Seven" /> (2008)'' * ''[[Woh Teri Bhabhi Hai Pagle]] (2016)'' * ''[[Yam Hain Hum]] (2014–2016)'' * ''[[Yeh Chanda Kanoon Hai]] (2009–2010)'' * ''[[Yes Boss (TV series)|Yes Boss]] (1999–2009)'' * ''[[Zabaan Sambhalke]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/oct/oct132.htm |title=Sab TV steadily increasing channel share &#124; Indian Television Dot Com |publisher=Indiantelevision.com |date=2003-10-15 |access-date=2020-01-22}}</ref> (2003–2004)'' ====Drama series==== {{div col}} * ''[[Aladdin – Naam Toh Suna Hoga]] (2018–2021)'' *''[[Ali Baba (TV series)|''Ali Baba'']](2022-2023) * ''[[Alif Laila]]<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k1/may/may16.htm|title=SABe TV in month-long programme push|date=12 May 2001|website=Indian Television Dot Com}}</ref> (2001–2002)'' * ''[[Apni Khushian Apne Gham]] (2001)'' * ''[[Baal Veer]]'' (2012–2016) * ''[[Baalveer Returns]]'' (2019–2021)<ref>{{Cite web|title='BaalVeer Returns' goes off-air abruptly; won't resume shoot|url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/baalveer-returns-goes-offair-abruptly-wont-resume-shoot_176564|access-date=2021-05-21|website=India Forums|language=en}}</ref> * ''[[Singhasan Battisi (TV series)|Betaal Aur Singhasan Battisi]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Comical-adventure-with-Betaal-Aur-Sinhasan-Battisi/articleshow/46343941.cms|title=Comical adventure with Betaal Aur Sinhasan Battisi|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=February 23, 2015|access-date=August 5, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150312030200/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Comical-adventure-with-Betaal-Aur-Sinhasan-Battisi/articleshow/46343941.cms|archive-date=12 March 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2015)'' * ''[[Bhanwar (TV series)|Bhanwar]] (1999)'' * ''Colonell<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020106/spectrum/tv.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Television|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> (2002)'' * ''[[Dial 100 (TV series)|Dial 100]] (2003)'' * ''Doli Leke Ayee Hai<ref name="Growth">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/oct/oct132.htm|title=Sab TV steadily increasing channel share|date=October 15, 2003|access-date=July 2, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818015551/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/oct/oct132.htm|archive-date=18 August 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2003–2004)'' * ''Dulhan<ref name="auto2"/> (2004)'' * ''[[Four (TV series)|Four]] (2007)'' * ''[[Ichhapyaari Naagin]]'' (2016–2017) * ''[[Jai Shri Swaminarayan]] (2002)'' * ''[[Jersey No. 10]] (2007–2008)'' * ''Ji Bhenji''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060820/spectrum/tv.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> (2006)'' * ''Karam<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/quitting-telly-for-that-thing-called-love/cid/1638209|title=Quitting telly for that thing called love|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> (2001)'' * ''[[Left Right Left (TV series)|Left Right Left]] (2006–2008)'' * ''[[Love Story (SAB TV series)|Love Story]] (2007–2008)'' * ''Love Mein Kabhi Kabhi''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/interviews/y2k3/director/deeya_singh.htm|title="We will not deviate from the original script of 'Betty La Fea', come what may" : Deeya Singh|date=4 December 2003|website=Indian Television Dot Com}}</ref> (2003–2004) * '' Maddam Sir '' (2020 - 2023)<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/video/saas-bahu-aur-suspense/sneak-peek-into-new-show-madam-sir-588652|title=Sneak Peek into new show Madam Sir|date=2020-02-22}}</ref> * ''[[Peterson Hill]] (2015)'' * ''Sambandh''<ref name="auto3"/> (2001) * ''Sati Savitri''<ref name="auto2"/> (2001) * ''Satyavadi Raja Harishchandra''<ref name="auto2"/> (2001) * ''Search''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020901/spectrum/tv.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Television|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> (2002) *''Shrimad Ramayan'' (2024-2025) * ''[[Twinkle Beauty Parlour Lajpat Nagar]]'' (2006) * ''[[Y.A.R.O Ka Tashan]]'' (2016–2017) {{div col end}} ====Reality/non-scripted programming==== {{div col}} * ''[[Acting Ki Funshaala]] (2008)'' * ''[[Carryy on Shekhar]]<ref name="Carry">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/oct/oct205.htm|title=SAB to launch two new shows|date=October 27, 2003|access-date=July 29, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726194024/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/oct/oct205.htm|archive-date=26 July 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2003–2004)'' * ''Comedy Ka King Kaun<ref name="auto"/> (2008)'' * ''[[Comedy Superstar]] (2015)'' * ''[[Fame X]] (2006–2007)'' * ''Family Antakshri Baithe Baithe Kya Kare<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/SAB-TV-launches-Family-Antakshari-Baithe-Baithe-Kya-Kare/articleshow/42795029.cms|title=SAB TV launches 'Family Antakshari #Baithe Baithe Kya Kare' - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref> (2014)'' * ''[[India Ke Mast Kalandar]] (2018)'' * ''[[Kuch... Diiil Se]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/apr/apr204.htm|title=Smriti 'Tulsi' Malhotra to host talk show on Sab TV|date=April 28, 2003|access-date=July 29, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315063645/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/apr/apr204.htm|archive-date=15 March 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2003)'' * ''[[Kuch Smiles Ho Jayein... With Alia]] (2020)'' * ''Lo Kal Lo Baat<ref name="Lok">{{cite web|url=http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/13074_SAB-TV-shifts-from-pure-comedy-to-general-entertainment|title=SAB TV shifts from pure comedy to general entertainment|date=October 28, 2005|access-date=January 14, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114183933/http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/13074_SAB-TV-shifts-from-pure-comedy-to-general-entertainment|archive-date=14 January 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2005–2006)'' * ''[[Movers & Shakers (TV series)|Movers & Shakers]] (2012)'' * ''[[Mr. Aur Mrs. Verma Ki Rasoi]]'' * ''[[Sab Khelo Sab Jeeto]] (2013–2014)'' * ''[[Anupam Kher|Say Na Something Anupam Uncle]]<ref name=Carry/> (2000–2004)'' * ''[[Tedhi Baat Shekhar Ke Saath]] (2009)'' * ''[[Wah Wah]]<ref name=Seven/> (2008)'' * ''[[Wah! Wah! Kya Baat Hai!]] (2012–2013)'' * ''Zimmedar Kaun?<ref name=Seven/>(2008)'' {{div col end}} ====Hindi dubbed show==== {{div col}} * ''[[Alias (TV series)|Alias]]''<ref name=Firangi/> (2008) * ''[[America's Funniest Home Videos]]''<ref name=Firangi/> (2008) * ''[[Desperate Housewives]]''<ref name=Firangi/> (2008) * ''[[Extreme Makeover]]''<ref name=Firangi/> (2008) * ''[[Home Improvement (TV series)|Home Improvement]]''<ref name="Rin">{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/sab-tv-reinvents-itself/story-slZOfgA8NdOJ4VtAlg0fyL.html|title=SAB TV reinvents itself|date=June 28, 2008|access-date=May 6, 2018}}</ref> (2008) * ''[[Lost (TV series)|Lost]]''<ref name="Firangi">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/special/y2k8/dub_special.php|title=International Chaska on SAB TV|date=February 9, 2008|access-date=September 8, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509233755/http://www.indiantelevision.com/special/y2k8/dub_special.php|archive-date=9 May 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2008) * ''[[My Wife and Kids]]''<ref name=Rin/> (2008) * ''[[Watchdog (TV series)|Watchdog]]''<ref name=Seven/> (2008) {{div col end}} ====Animated series==== * ''[[Asterix|Asterix the Gaul]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k1/dec/dec81.htm|title=Asterix to add muscle to SAB TV's Toon band|date=December 29, 2001|access-date=July 3, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423153616/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k1/dec/dec81.htm|archive-date=23 April 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2001–2002) * ''Turtle Island''<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wanvari|first1=Anil|title=Indiantelevision dot com's Tube Talk :SABe woos toon fans with Turtle Island|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/tube/y2k1/nov/novtube19.htm|website=www.indiantelevision.com|access-date=22 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203102031/http://www.indiantelevision.com/tube/y2k1/nov/novtube19.htm|archive-date=3 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2001–2002) ==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} [[Category:Lists of Indian television series]] [[Category:Lists of television series by network]] fisjj1gd5la89s18t2xhkigv6xezlna 10367729 10367728 2025-07-02T14:14:03Z Garmagaramsamosa 1635810 /* Upcoming broadcasts */ 10367729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}} This is the list of original programming currently and formerly broadcast by the Indian television channel [[Sony SAB]]. == Current broadcasts == <!--Do not add content without providing a reliably published source--> {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Premiere date !Show !Production house |- |28 July 2008 |''[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]''<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-disha-vakani-to-be-replaced-5656439/|title=Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah: Disha Vakani to be replaced, makers start hunt for new Dayaben|date=3 April 2019 |access-date=2019-12-28}}</ref> |Neela Tele Films |- |8 February 2021 |''Wagle Ki Duniya – Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey''<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sumeet Raghavan to be seen in the classic comedy show Wagle Ki Duniya - Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sumeet-raghavan-to-be-seen-in-the-classic-comedy-show-wagle-ki-duniya-nayi-peedhi-naye-kissey/articleshow/79578826.cms|access-date=2020-12-05|website=The Times of India|date=5 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|Hats Off Production |- | 9 June 2022 |''Pushpa Impossible'' |- |12 December 2024 |''Tenali Rama 2'' |Contiloe Productions |- | 11 March 2025 |''Veer Hanuman - Bolo Bajrang Bali Ki Jai'' |Swastik Productions |} == Upcoming broadcasts == {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Premiere Date !Show !Production house |- |August 2025 | ''[[Itti Si Khushi]]'' | Rose Audio Visuals Production |} ==Former broadcasts== ===Comedy series=== * ''A Mad House<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k5/jan/jan95.htm|title=Sab TV revamps 8 - 10&nbsp;pm band; launches 9 new shows|date=12 January 2005|website=Indian Television Dot Com}}</ref> (2005)'' * ''[[Aadat Se Majboor (TV Series)|Aadat Se Majboor]] (2017–2018)'' * ''Aaj Ke Shrimaan Shrimati<ref name="auto1" /> (2005)'' * ''Abhi Toh Main Jawan Hoon<ref name="Growth" /> (2003)'' * ''Aflatoon<ref name="auto3">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k1/aug/aug20.htm|title=Sabe TV readies new programming; says it beats Zee and Sony in rest of Maharashtra|date=9 August 2001|website=Indian Television Dot Com}}</ref> (2001)'' * ''Akting-Akting<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021222/spectrum/tv.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Television|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> (2002-2003)'' * ''[[Ammaji Ki Galli]] (2011)'' * ''Apna News Aayega<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/aditi-bhatia-apna-news-aayega-comedy-show-5811309/|title=AdUpcoming Broadcastsiti Bhatia: Apna News Aayega is very different from other comedy shows|date=2 July 2019}}</ref> (2019–2020)'' * ''Bade Miya Chhote Miya<ref name="Growth" /> (2003)'' * ''[[Badi Door Se Aaye Hain]] (2014–2016)'' * ''[[Bhakharwadi]] (2019–2020)'' * ''Band Baaja Bandh Darwaza<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/at-the-launch-of-band-baja-bandh-darwaza/videoshow/67560670.cms|title=At the launch of Band Baja Bandh Darwaza &#124; TV - Times of India Videos|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> (2019)'' * ''Baavle Utaavle <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/baavle-utaavle-going-off-air-actress-shivani-badoni-shares-goofy-pictures/articleshow/70679052.cms|title=Baavle Utaavle going off-air; actress Shivani Badoni shares goofy pictures - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=14 August 2019 }}</ref> (2019)'' * ''Beechwale - Bapu Dekh Raha Hai (2018–2019)'' * ''[[Bhaago KK Aaya]] (2008)'' * ''[[Bhai Bhaiya Aur Brother]] (2012)'' * ''[[Bhootwala Serial]] (2009)'' * ''[[Carry on Alia]] (2019–2020)'' * ''[[Chandrakant Chiplunkar Seedi Bamba Wala]] (2014)'' * ''[[Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi...Let's Go]] (2015–2016)'' * ''Chamcha in Chief<ref name="Lok" /> (2005–2006)'' * ''[[Chidiya Ghar]] (2011–2017)'' * ''[[Chintu Chinki Aur Ek Badi Si Love Story]] (2011–2012)'' * ''Chhupke Chhupke<ref name="Seven" /> (2014)'' * ''Daddy Samjha Karo<ref name="auto3" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000709/spectrum/tv.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Television|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> (2000–2001)'' * ''Dhaba Junction<ref name="Growth" /> (2003–2004)'' * ''[[Dil Deke Dekho (TV series)|Dil Deke Dekho]] (2016–2017)'' * ''[[Don't Worry Chachu]] (2011–2012)'' * ''[[Dr. Bhanumati On Duty]] (2016)'' * ''[[Dr. Madhumati On Duty]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/sab-tv-dr-bhanumati-dr-madhumati-kavita-kaushik-rati-pandey-debina-bonnerjee-lifetv/1/709514.html|title=SAB TV's Dr Bhanumati to be changed to Dr Madhumati?|date=7 July 2016|website=India Today|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820043409/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/sab-tv-dr-bhanumati-dr-madhumati-kavita-kaushik-rati-pandey-debina-bonnerjee-lifetv/1/709514.html|archive-date=20 August 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2016)'' * ''[[F.I.R. (TV series)|F.I.R.]] (2006–2015)'' * ''Full Masti 88.2<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/story/20876_Is-SAB-moving-back-to-the-humour-platform|title=Is SAB moving back to the humour platform?|date=13 April 2008|website=www.afaqs.com|access-date=17 August 2019|archive-date=14 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714114306/https://www.afaqs.com/news/story/20876_Is-SAB-moving-back-to-the-humour-platform|url-status=dead}}</ref> (2008)'' * ''[[Funhit Mein Jaari]] (2020–2021)'' * ''[[Golmaal Hai Bhai Sab Golmaal Hai]] (2012)'' * ''Gopi Gadha Aur Gupshup<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Gopi-Gadha-Aur-Gupshup-on-SAB-TV/articleshow/14150562.cms|title=Gopi, Gadha Aur Gupshup on SAB TV - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=15 June 2012 }}</ref> (2012)'' * ''[[The Great Indian Family Drama]]'' (2015) * ''Gunwale Dulhania Le Jayenge<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/gunwale-dulhaniya-le-jayenge-on-sab/story-Ihix2VfVroMw6qrn1NvS4J.html|title=Gunwale dulhaniya le jayenge on SAB|date=26 February 2009|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> (2009)'' * ''[[Gupp Chupp]] (2016)'' * ''[[Gutur Gu]] (2010–2014)'' * ''[[Hansi He Hansi...Mil Toh Lein]] (2015)'' * ''[[Hassi Woh Phassi]] (2003)<ref name="Growth" />'' * ''[[Hum Aapke Ghar Mein Rehte Hain]] (2015)'' * ''[[Hum Aapke Hain In Laws]] (2013)'' * ''Humse Hai Zamana<ref name="Seven" /> (2008)'' * ''[[I Luv My India]] (2012)'' * ''Jasoos 005<ref name="Seven">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k4/may/may222.htm|title=SAB TV to launch seven new shows|date=May 28, 2014|access-date=July 29, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905112626/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k4/may/may222.htm|archive-date=5 September 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2008)'' * ''Jaankhilavan Jasoos<ref>https://www.adgully.com/sab-tv-launches-india-s-first-detective-comedy-jaankhilavan-jasoos-45010.html</ref> (2010–2011)'' * ''[[Jeannie Aur Juju]] (2012–2014)'' * ''[[Jijaji Chhat Per Hain]] (2018–2020)'' * ''[[Jijaji Chhat Parr Koii Hai]](2021)'' * ''[[Jugni Chali Jalandhar]] (2008–2010)'' * ''Jo Biwi Se Kare Pyaar<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jo-biwi-se-kare-pyaar-deepti-bhatnagar-arjun-bijlani-shweta-gulatirakesh-paul/articleshow/24582207.cms? | title='Jo Biwi Se...' is India's first fiction-cookery show! | newspaper=The Times of India | date=23 October 2013 }}</ref> (2013)'' * * ''[[Khatmal E Ishq]] (2016–2017)'' * ''[[Khidki]] (2016)'' * ''Krishna Kanhaiya<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2015/06/sab-tv-gears-to-launch-new-show-krishan-kanhaiya-on-june-29/|title=Sab TV gears to launch new show 'Krishan Kanhaiya' on June 29|website=www.bestmediaifo.com|date=17 June 2015 }}</ref> (2015)'' * ''[[Lapataganj]] (2009–2014)'' * ''[[Lo Ho Gayi Pooja Iss Ghar Ki]]<ref name="Rin" /> (2008–2009)'' * ''[[Main Kab Saas Banoongi]] (2008–2009) '' * ''[[Malegaon Ka Chintu]] (2011–2014)'' * ''[[Mangalam Dangalam]] (2018–2019)'' * ''[[Maniben.com]] (2009–2010)'' * ''Masti<ref name="auto1" /> (2005)'' * ''Mohalla Mohabbat Wala<ref name="auto" /> (2008)'' * ''[[Mrs. & Mr. Sharma Allahabadwale]] (2010–2011)'' * ''[[Mrs. Tendulkar]] (2011)'' * ''[[My Name Ijj Lakhan]] (2019)'' * ''[[Namune]] (2018)'' * ''[[Office Office]] (2001–2004)'' * ''[[Papad Pol - Shahabuddin Rathod Ki Rangeen Duniya|Papad Pol]] (2010–2011)'' * ''[[Partners Trouble Ho Gayi Double]] (2017–2018)'' * ''Platform No. 9<ref name="auto1" /> (2005)'' * ''[[Police Factory]] (2015–2016)'' * ''[[Pritam Pyare Aur Woh]] (2014)'' * ''[[R. K. Laxman Ki Duniya]] (2011–2013)'' * ''[[Saat Phero Ki Hera Pherie]] (2018)'' * ''Sab Ka Bheja Fry<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/sab-tv-launches-sab-ka-bheja-fry-under-humour-block-27153.html|title=SAB TV launches 'Sab ka Bheja Fry' under humour block - Exchange4media|website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media}}</ref> (2007)'' * ''Sab Kuch Ho Sakta Hai<ref name="Lok" /> (2005–2006)'' * ''[[Sabse Bada Rupaiya (TV series)|Sabse Bada Rupaiya]]<ref name="auto1" /> (2005)'' * ''[[Saheb Biwi Aur Boss]] (2015–2016)'' * ''Sahib Biwi Ka Ghulam<ref name="Hasi">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/apr/apr186.htm|title=SAB TV primed up for humour|date=April 24, 2003|access-date=July 29, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716181124/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/apr/apr186.htm|archive-date=16 July 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2003)'' * ''[[Sajan Re Jhoot Mat Bolo]] (2009–2012)'' * ''[[Sajan Re Phir Jhoot Mat Bolo]] (2017–2018)'' * ''[[Shankar Jaikishan 3 in 1]] (2017)'' * ''[[Shree Adi Manav]] (2008)'' * ''[[Shrimaan Shrimati Phir Se]] (2018)'' * ''Shree Sifarishilal<ref name="Carry" /> (2003–2004)'' * ''Sonu Sweety<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/the-laughter-queens/cid/598787|title=The laughter queens|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> (2008–2009)'' * ''[[Super Sisters - Chalega Pyar Ka Jaadu]] (2018)'' * ''[[Tenali Rama (TV series)|Tenali Rama]] (2017–2020)'' * ''[[Thank You Jijaji]] (2009)'' * ''[[Tota Weds Maina]] (2013)'' * ''[[Trideviyaan]] (2016–2017)'' * ''[[Tu Mere Agal Bagal Hai]] (2014)'' * ''[[TV, Biwi aur Main]] (2017)'' * ''Waqt Hamara Hai<ref name="Seven" /> (2008)'' * ''[[Woh Teri Bhabhi Hai Pagle]] (2016)'' * ''[[Yam Hain Hum]] (2014–2016)'' * ''[[Yeh Chanda Kanoon Hai]] (2009–2010)'' * ''[[Yes Boss (TV series)|Yes Boss]] (1999–2009)'' * ''[[Zabaan Sambhalke]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/oct/oct132.htm |title=Sab TV steadily increasing channel share &#124; Indian Television Dot Com |publisher=Indiantelevision.com |date=2003-10-15 |access-date=2020-01-22}}</ref> (2003–2004)'' ====Drama series==== {{div col}} * ''[[Aladdin – Naam Toh Suna Hoga]] (2018–2021)'' *''[[Ali Baba (TV series)|''Ali Baba'']](2022-2023) * ''[[Alif Laila]]<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k1/may/may16.htm|title=SABe TV in month-long programme push|date=12 May 2001|website=Indian Television Dot Com}}</ref> (2001–2002)'' * ''[[Apni Khushian Apne Gham]] (2001)'' * ''[[Baal Veer]]'' (2012–2016) * ''[[Baalveer Returns]]'' (2019–2021)<ref>{{Cite web|title='BaalVeer Returns' goes off-air abruptly; won't resume shoot|url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/baalveer-returns-goes-offair-abruptly-wont-resume-shoot_176564|access-date=2021-05-21|website=India Forums|language=en}}</ref> * ''[[Singhasan Battisi (TV series)|Betaal Aur Singhasan Battisi]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Comical-adventure-with-Betaal-Aur-Sinhasan-Battisi/articleshow/46343941.cms|title=Comical adventure with Betaal Aur Sinhasan Battisi|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=February 23, 2015|access-date=August 5, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150312030200/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Comical-adventure-with-Betaal-Aur-Sinhasan-Battisi/articleshow/46343941.cms|archive-date=12 March 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2015)'' * ''[[Bhanwar (TV series)|Bhanwar]] (1999)'' * ''Colonell<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020106/spectrum/tv.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Television|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> (2002)'' * ''[[Dial 100 (TV series)|Dial 100]] (2003)'' * ''Doli Leke Ayee Hai<ref name="Growth">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/oct/oct132.htm|title=Sab TV steadily increasing channel share|date=October 15, 2003|access-date=July 2, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818015551/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/oct/oct132.htm|archive-date=18 August 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2003–2004)'' * ''Dulhan<ref name="auto2"/> (2004)'' * ''[[Four (TV series)|Four]] (2007)'' * ''[[Ichhapyaari Naagin]]'' (2016–2017) * ''[[Jai Shri Swaminarayan]] (2002)'' * ''[[Jersey No. 10]] (2007–2008)'' * ''Ji Bhenji''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060820/spectrum/tv.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> (2006)'' * ''Karam<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/quitting-telly-for-that-thing-called-love/cid/1638209|title=Quitting telly for that thing called love|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> (2001)'' * ''[[Left Right Left (TV series)|Left Right Left]] (2006–2008)'' * ''[[Love Story (SAB TV series)|Love Story]] (2007–2008)'' * ''Love Mein Kabhi Kabhi''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/interviews/y2k3/director/deeya_singh.htm|title="We will not deviate from the original script of 'Betty La Fea', come what may" : Deeya Singh|date=4 December 2003|website=Indian Television Dot Com}}</ref> (2003–2004) * '' Maddam Sir '' (2020 - 2023)<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/video/saas-bahu-aur-suspense/sneak-peek-into-new-show-madam-sir-588652|title=Sneak Peek into new show Madam Sir|date=2020-02-22}}</ref> * ''[[Peterson Hill]] (2015)'' * ''Sambandh''<ref name="auto3"/> (2001) * ''Sati Savitri''<ref name="auto2"/> (2001) * ''Satyavadi Raja Harishchandra''<ref name="auto2"/> (2001) * ''Search''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020901/spectrum/tv.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Television|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> (2002) *''Shrimad Ramayan'' (2024-2025) * ''[[Twinkle Beauty Parlour Lajpat Nagar]]'' (2006) * ''[[Y.A.R.O Ka Tashan]]'' (2016–2017) {{div col end}} ====Reality/non-scripted programming==== {{div col}} * ''[[Acting Ki Funshaala]] (2008)'' * ''[[Carryy on Shekhar]]<ref name="Carry">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/oct/oct205.htm|title=SAB to launch two new shows|date=October 27, 2003|access-date=July 29, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726194024/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/oct/oct205.htm|archive-date=26 July 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2003–2004)'' * ''Comedy Ka King Kaun<ref name="auto"/> (2008)'' * ''[[Comedy Superstar]] (2015)'' * ''[[Fame X]] (2006–2007)'' * ''Family Antakshri Baithe Baithe Kya Kare<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/SAB-TV-launches-Family-Antakshari-Baithe-Baithe-Kya-Kare/articleshow/42795029.cms|title=SAB TV launches 'Family Antakshari #Baithe Baithe Kya Kare' - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref> (2014)'' * ''[[India Ke Mast Kalandar]] (2018)'' * ''[[Kuch... Diiil Se]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/apr/apr204.htm|title=Smriti 'Tulsi' Malhotra to host talk show on Sab TV|date=April 28, 2003|access-date=July 29, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315063645/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/apr/apr204.htm|archive-date=15 March 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2003)'' * ''[[Kuch Smiles Ho Jayein... With Alia]] (2020)'' * ''Lo Kal Lo Baat<ref name="Lok">{{cite web|url=http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/13074_SAB-TV-shifts-from-pure-comedy-to-general-entertainment|title=SAB TV shifts from pure comedy to general entertainment|date=October 28, 2005|access-date=January 14, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114183933/http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/13074_SAB-TV-shifts-from-pure-comedy-to-general-entertainment|archive-date=14 January 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2005–2006)'' * ''[[Movers & Shakers (TV series)|Movers & Shakers]] (2012)'' * ''[[Mr. Aur Mrs. Verma Ki Rasoi]]'' * ''[[Sab Khelo Sab Jeeto]] (2013–2014)'' * ''[[Anupam Kher|Say Na Something Anupam Uncle]]<ref name=Carry/> (2000–2004)'' * ''[[Tedhi Baat Shekhar Ke Saath]] (2009)'' * ''[[Wah Wah]]<ref name=Seven/> (2008)'' * ''[[Wah! Wah! Kya Baat Hai!]] (2012–2013)'' * ''Zimmedar Kaun?<ref name=Seven/>(2008)'' {{div col end}} ====Hindi dubbed show==== {{div col}} * ''[[Alias (TV series)|Alias]]''<ref name=Firangi/> (2008) * ''[[America's Funniest Home Videos]]''<ref name=Firangi/> (2008) * ''[[Desperate Housewives]]''<ref name=Firangi/> (2008) * ''[[Extreme Makeover]]''<ref name=Firangi/> (2008) * ''[[Home Improvement (TV series)|Home Improvement]]''<ref name="Rin">{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/sab-tv-reinvents-itself/story-slZOfgA8NdOJ4VtAlg0fyL.html|title=SAB TV reinvents itself|date=June 28, 2008|access-date=May 6, 2018}}</ref> (2008) * ''[[Lost (TV series)|Lost]]''<ref name="Firangi">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/special/y2k8/dub_special.php|title=International Chaska on SAB TV|date=February 9, 2008|access-date=September 8, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509233755/http://www.indiantelevision.com/special/y2k8/dub_special.php|archive-date=9 May 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2008) * ''[[My Wife and Kids]]''<ref name=Rin/> (2008) * ''[[Watchdog (TV series)|Watchdog]]''<ref name=Seven/> (2008) {{div col end}} ====Animated series==== * ''[[Asterix|Asterix the Gaul]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k1/dec/dec81.htm|title=Asterix to add muscle to SAB TV's Toon band|date=December 29, 2001|access-date=July 3, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423153616/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k1/dec/dec81.htm|archive-date=23 April 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2001–2002) * ''Turtle Island''<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wanvari|first1=Anil|title=Indiantelevision dot com's Tube Talk :SABe woos toon fans with Turtle Island|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/tube/y2k1/nov/novtube19.htm|website=www.indiantelevision.com|access-date=22 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203102031/http://www.indiantelevision.com/tube/y2k1/nov/novtube19.htm|archive-date=3 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> (2001–2002) ==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} [[Category:Lists of Indian television series]] [[Category:Lists of television series by network]] nbmkw7ihxmwcrv9brl7lwpocg3kukq6 0 713267 10368409 9075436 2025-07-02T22:47:13Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Bussy-sur-Moudon-coat of arms.svg]] → [[File:CHE Bussy-sur-Moudon COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10368409 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Bussy-sur-Moudon | municipality_name = Bussy-sur-Moudon | municipality_type = municipality | imagepath_coa = CHE Bussy-sur-Moudon COA.svg |pixel_coa= | image_photo = Bussy-sur-Moudon1.JPG | map = | languages = French | canton = Vaud | iso-code-region = CH-VD | district = [[Broye-Vully (district)|Broye-Vully]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|41|N|6|49|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 1514 | municipality_code = 5663 | area = 3.09 | elevation = 628|elevation_description= | population = 191|populationof=2003 | website = | mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = Syndic |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Lucens]], [[Moudon]], [[Neyruz-sur-Moudon]], [[Oulens-sur-Lucens]] | twintowns = }} '''Bussy-sur-Moudon ''' is a [[municipality]] in the [[Broye-Vully (district)|Broye-Vully]] district in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Vaud]] in [[Switzerland]]. == References == {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commonscat-inline}} {{Switzerland-stub}} [[Category:Municipalities in Broye-Vully]] k40izjlyldko58f51v5s2nzd3o145hn 0 713268 10369145 9075439 2025-07-03T08:03:31Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Champtauroz-coat of arms.svg]] → [[File:CHE Champtauroz COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10369145 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Champtauroz | municipality_name = Champtauroz | municipality_type = municipality | imagepath_coa = CHE Champtauroz COA.svg|pixel_coa= | image_photo = Champtauroz.JPG | map = | languages = French | canton = Vaud | iso-code-region = CH-VD | district = [[Broye-Vully (district)|Broye-Vully]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|46|N|6|47|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 1537 | municipality_code = 5812 | area = 3.05 | elevation = 692|elevation_description= | population = 116|populationof=2003 | website = | mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = Syndic |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Chavannes-le-Chêne]], [[Chêne-Pâquier]], [[Combremont-le-Grand]], [[Combremont-le-Petit]], [[Démoret]], [[Treytorrens (Payerne)]], [[Vuissens]] (FR) | twintowns = }} '''Champtauroz''' is a [[municipality]] in the district of [[Broye-Vully (district)|Broye-Vully]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Vaud]] in [[Switzerland]]. == References == {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commonscat-inline}} {{Switzerland-stub}} [[Category:Municipalities in Broye-Vully]] 7c2zj3j55kz4fn9nl4jkzxy4tn6dz08 0 713274 10369160 9075441 2025-07-03T08:07:37Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Chevroux-coat of arm.svg]] → [[File:CHE Chevroux COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10369160 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Chevroux | municipality_name = Chevroux | municipality_type = municipality | imagepath_coa = CHE Chevroux COA.svg |pixel_coa= | image_photo = ChevrouxVD.JPG | map = | languages = French | canton = Vaud | iso-code-region = CH-VD | district = [[Broye-Vully (district)|Broye-Vully]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|53|N|6|54|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 1545 | municipality_code = 5813 | area = 4.37 | elevation = 454|elevation_description= | population = 391|populationof=2003 | website = www.chevroux.ch | mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = Syndic |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Bevaix]] (NE), [[Boudry]] (NE), [[Cortaillod]] (NE), [[Forel, Fribourg|Forel]] (FR), [[Gletterens]] (FR), [[Grandcour]] | twintowns = }} '''Chevroux''' is a [[municipality]] in the [[Broye-Vully (district)|Broye-Vully]] district in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Vaud]] in [[Switzerland]]. == References == {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commonscat-inline}} {{Switzerland-stub}} [[Category:Municipalities in Broye-Vully]] fnkt4o6fxztbjogtg3xi0jn4h9dy4bi 0 713275 10369177 9075443 2025-07-03T08:14:03Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Corcelles-le-Jorat-coat of arms.svg]] → [[File:CHE Corcelles-le-Jorat COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10369177 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Corcelles-le-Jorat | municipality_name = Corcelles-le-Jorat | municipality_type = municipality | imagepath_coa = CHE Corcelles-le-Jorat COA.svg|pixel_coa= | image_photo = Corcelles-le-Jorat.JPG | map = Karte Gemeinde Corcelles-le-Jorat.png | languages = French | canton = Vaud | iso-code-region = CH-VD | district = [[Broye-Vully (district)|Broye-Vully]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|36|N|06|45|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 1082 | municipality_code = 5785 | area = 7.94 | elevation = 783|elevation_description= | population = 429|populationof=2004 | website = www.corcelles-le-jorat.ch | mayor = Daniel Ruch|mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = Syndic |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = Les Corçallins<br />Lè Grante-Coraille | neighboring_municipalities= [[Peney-le-Jorat]], [[Hermenches]], [[Ropraz]], [[Montpreveyres]], [[Froideville (Vaud)|Froideville]], [[Villars-Tiercelin]] | twintowns = }} '''Corcelles-le-Jorat''' is a [[municipality]] in the district of [[Broye-Vully (district)|Broye-Vully]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Vaud]] in [[Switzerland]]. == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == {{commonscat-inline}} * [http://www.corcelles-le-jorat.ch Official website] {{in lang|fr}} {{Switzerland-stub}} [[Category:Municipalities in Broye-Vully]] 2lu8i9bh3ti66ku0tsgdpijo4xmsjzg 0 713276 10369242 9075447 2025-07-03T08:49:31Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Curtilles-coat of arms.svg]] → [[File:CHE Curtilles COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10369242 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Curtilles | municipality_name = Curtilles | municipality_type = municipality | imagepath_coa = CHE Curtilles COA.svg|pixel_coa= | image_photo = Église de Curtilles.JPG | image_caption = The church of Saint-Pierre at Curtilles | map = Karte Gemeinde Curtilles.png | languages = French | canton = Vaud | iso-code-region = CH-VD | district = [[Broye-Vully (district)|Broye-Vully]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|42|N|6|51|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 1521 | municipality_code = 5669 | area = 4.95 | elevation = 516|elevation_description= | population = 282|populationof=2003 | website = www.curtilles.ch | mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = Syndic |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Chesalles-sur-Moudon]], [[Dompierre, Vaud|Dompierre]], [[Lovatens]], [[Lucens]], [[Moudon]], [[Sarzens]], [[Seigneux]] | twintowns = }} '''Curtilles''' is a [[municipality]] in the [[Broye-Vully (district)|Broye-Vully]] district in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Vaud]] in [[Switzerland]]. == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == {{commonscat-inline}} * [http://www.curtilles.ch Official website] {{in lang|fr}} {{Switzerland-stub}} [[Category:Municipalities in Broye-Vully]] q2fz4y3qf26a6334jm0k2azphol2dcx 0 713993 10369224 9075444 2025-07-03T08:30:51Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Blason commune CH Corcelles-près-Payerne (Vaud).svg]] → [[File:CHE Corcelles-près-Payerne COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10369224 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Corselles VD 9368.jpg|thumb|250px|Corcelles-près-Payerne]] [[Image:CHE Corcelles-près-Payerne COA.svg|thumb|90px|coat of arms]] '''Corcelles-près-Payerne''' is a [[municipality]] in the [[Broye-Vully (district)|Broye-Vully]] district in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Vaud]] in [[Switzerland]]. {{Commonscat}} {{Switzerland-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Corcelles-pres-Payerne}} [[Category:Municipalities in Broye-Vully]] ky25zc0gec5lazd46ir2cucy11ptaut 0 714001 10369252 9084926 2025-07-03T09:04:57Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Grandcour-coat of arms.svg]] → [[File:CHE Grandcour COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10369252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Grandcour | municipality_name = Grandcour | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Grandcour - Château.jpg | image_caption = Grandcour Castle | imagepath_coa = CHE Grandcour COA.svg |pixel_coa= | map = | languages = French | canton = Vaud | iso-code-region = CH-VD | district = [[Broye-Vully District|Broye-Vully]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|52|N|6|56|E|display=inline,title}} |lat_NS=N|long_EW=E | postal_code = 1543 | municipality_code = 5817 | area = 10.21 | elevation = 484|elevation_description= | population = 759|populationof=2003 | website = www.grandcour.ch | mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = Syndic |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Chevroux, Switzerland|Chevroux]], [[Corcelles-près-Payerne]], [[Forel, Fribourg|Forel]] (FR), [[Gletterens]] (FR), [[Payerne]], [[Rueyres-les-Prés]] (FR), [[Vallon, Switzerland|Vallon]] (FR) | twintowns = |}} '''Grandcour''' is a [[municipality]] in [[Broye-Vully (district)|Broye-Vully]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Vaud]] in [[Switzerland]]. == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Switzerland-stub}} [[Category:Municipalities in Broye-Vully]] [[Category:Cities in Switzerland]] flwmz83q55n1kcco6a3y6u31xf3p8ub 0 714008 10369263 9075451 2025-07-03T09:10:18Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Blason commune CH Henniez (Vaud).svg]] → [[File:CHE Henniez COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10369263 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Henniez1.JPG|thumb|250px|Henniez]] [[Image:CHE Henniez COA.svg|thumb|90px|coat of arms]] '''Henniez''' is a [[municipality]] in the district of [[Broye-Vully (district)|Broye-Vully]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Vaud]] in [[Switzerland]]. It is known for its mineral water [[Henniez (mineral water)|Henniez]]. {{Commonscat}} {{Switzerland-stub}} [[Category:Municipalities in Broye-Vully]] 0j336w5c1pvrrfekwbewnhbqz3aysji 0 714071 10367793 8918579 2025-07-02T15:23:42Z 2001:818:DD96:C000:73:E10B:E145:EEBC completeness 10367793 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bert Hellinger.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Bert Hellinger]] '''Anton "Suitbert" Hellinger''' (16 December 1925 – 19 September 2019), also known as '''Bert Hellinger''', was a German psychotherapist and inventor of the pseudoscience known as the family constellation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Instituto Questão de Ciência {{!}} IQC debate constelação familiar no Senado|url=https://iqc.org.br/noticias/iqc-debate-constelacao-familiar-no-senado/|access-date=2025-07-02|language=pt-br}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Constelação Familiar: machismo às custas do SUS|url=https://www.revistaquestaodeciencia.com.br/artigo/2019/12/20/constelacao-familiar-machismo-e-pseudociencia-custas-do-sus|access-date=2025-07-02|website=QC|language=pt-br}}</ref> Born in Leimen, Germany to a Catholic family. At the age of 10, he was a seminarian in a Catholic order. Despite this, at the age of 17 he enlisted in the army and fought alongside the Nazis at the front, being imprisoned in Belgium.  At the age of 20, with the end of the war, he became a priest. He graduated from the theology and philosophy course at the University of Würzburg in 1951.  He was sent as a Catholic missionary to South Africa, where he served as principal of several schools, such as Francis College, Marianhill. In 1954, he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of South Africa, and a year later he graduated with a degree in university education. <ref name=":0">{{Citation|title=Bert Hellinger|date=2025-06-04|url=https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bert_Hellinger&oldid=70239212|work=Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre|language=pt|access-date=2025-07-02}}</ref> In the late 1960s, he abandoned the clergy and returned to Germany, where he began to study Gestalt therapy. He moved to Vienna to study psychoanalysis. There, he met his first wife, Herta, a psychotherapist. In 1973 he moved to California to study primal therapy with Arthur Janov. There, he became interested in transactional analysis.Hellinger divorced Herta and married Marie Sophie. With this wife, he took courses, workshops and seminars in several countries. <ref name=":0" /> He died on September 19, 2019 at the age of 93.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-05|title=Bert Hellinger verstorben|url=https://www.inana.info/blog/hellinger-verstorben|access-date=2025-07-02|website=Inana|language=de}}</ref> ==Works== * Hellinger, B. (2001). ''Love's own truths: Bonding and balancing in close relationships ''(M. Oberli-Turner & H. Beaumont, Trans.). Phoenix, AZ: Zeig, Tucker & Theisen. * Hellinger, B. (2002). ''Insights: Lectures and stories.'' (J. ten Herkel, Trans.). Heidelberg, Germany: Carl-Auer-Systeme Verlag. * Hellinger, B. (2002). ''On life & other paradoxes: Aphorisms and little stories from Bert Hellinger ''(R. Metzner, Trans.). Phoenix, AZ: Zeig, Tucker & Theisen. * Hellinger, B. (2003). ''Farewell family constellations with descendants of victims and perpetrators ''(C. Beaumont, Trans.). Heidelberg, Germany: Carl-Auer-Systeme Verlag. * Hellinger, B. (2003). ''Rachel Weeping for Her Children: Family Constellations in Israel'' Heidelberg, Germany: Carl-Auer-International. * Hellinger, B. (2003).'' Peace begins in the soul: Family constellations in the service of reconciliation ''(C. Beaumont, Trans.). Heidelberg, Germany: Carl-Auer-Systeme Verlag. * Hellinger, B. (2006). ''No waves without the ocean: Experiences and thoughts ''(J. ten Herkel & S. Tombleson, Trans.). Heidelberg, Germany: Carl-Auer-Systeme Verlag. * Hellinger, B. (2007). ''With God in mind. '' Berchtesgaden, Germany: Hellinger Publications. * Hellinger, B. (2009). ''Natural Transcendence''. Hellinger publications. * Hellinger, B. & ten Hövel, G. (1999). ''Acknowledging what is: Conversations with Bert Hellinger. ''Phoenix, AZ: Zeig, Tucker & Theisen. * Hellinger, B., Weber, G., & Beaumont, H. (1998). ''Love's hidden symmetry: What makes love work in relationships. ''Phoenix, AZ: Zeig, Tucker & Theisen. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [http://www2.hellinger.com/en/ hellinger.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814073754/https://www.hellinger.com/en/ |date=2020-08-14 }} Official page {{DEFAULTSORT:Hellinger, Bert}} [[Category:German theologians]] [[Category:Writers from Baden-Württemberg]] [[Category:1925 births]] [[Category:2019 deaths]] [[Category:German psychologists]] {{Biography-stub}} g61glw8cphusv5gcll6irkfq2b3zvmf 0 714440 10368572 7373187 2025-07-03T00:23:43Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 Typo: duplication 10368572 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Gressy-coat of arms.svg|thumb|90px|coat of arms]] '''Gressy''' was a [[municipality]] in the district of [[Jura-Nord vaudois (district)|Jura-Nord vaudois]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Vaud]] in [[Switzerland]]. Gressy became part of the municipality of [[Yverdon-les-Bains]] on 1 July 2011.<ref name=Fusion>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/03.html Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz] published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office {{in lang|de}} accessed 17 February 2011</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Switzerland-stub}} {{authority control}} [[Category:2011 disestablishments in Switzerland]] [[Category:Former municipalities of Vaud]] ftofsm0dr3oj5dapy67mbgsl7e4x16z 0 714589 10368287 6824026 2025-07-02T21:28:48Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Essert-Pittet-coat of arms.svg]] → [[File:CHE Essert-Pittet COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10368287 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:1435 Essert-Pittet, Switzerland - panoramio (1).jpg|thumb|250px|Essert-Pittet]] [[Image:CHE Essert-Pittet COA.svg|thumb|90px|coat of arms]] '''Essert-Pittet''' is a former [[municipality]] of the district of [[Jura-Nord vaudois (district)|Jura-Nord vaudois]] of the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Vaud]] in [[Switzerland]]. On 1 January 2017 the former municipalities of Essert-Pittet and [[Corcelles-sur-Chavornay]] merged into the municipality of [[Chavornay, Switzerland|Chavornay]].<ref>[https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/grundlagen/agvch.html Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz] {{in lang|de}} accessed 10 January 2017</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Switzerland-stub}} [[Category:Former municipalities of Vaud]] ga8t6s1d20xv3ad3w9001cch9j56b5d 0 715309 10368283 9075506 2025-07-02T21:22:22Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Blason Bioley Orjulaz.svg]] → [[File:CHE Bioley-Orjulaz COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10368283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Bioley-Orjulaz | municipality_name = Bioley-Orjulaz | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Bioley-Orjulaz - Eglise.JPG | imagepath_coa = CHE Bioley-Orjulaz COA.svg |pixel_coa= | map = | languages = French | canton = Vaud | iso-code-region = CH-VD | district = [[Gros-de-Vaud District|Gros-de-Vaud]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|37|N|6|36|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 1042 | municipality_code = 5513 | area = 3.11 | elevation = 603|elevation_description= | population = 330|populationof = December 2004 | popofyear = 2004 | website = | mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = Syndic |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Assens, Switzerland|Assens]], [[Bettens]], [[Boussens, Switzerland|Boussens]], [[Etagnières]], [[Saint-Barthélemy, Switzerland|Saint-Barthélemy]] | twintowns = }} '''Bioley-Orjulaz''' is a [[municipality]] in [[Gros-de-Vaud (district)|Gros-de-Vaud]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Vaud]] in [[Switzerland]]. == References == {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commonscat-inline}} {{Switzerland-stub}} [[Category:Municipalities in Gros-de-Vaud]] 5xytlftti7s5c9ic4nthltpqkyp6qc4 0 715937 10368331 9075543 2025-07-02T22:00:51Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Villars-le-Terroir-coat of arms.svg]] → [[File:CHE Villars-le-Terroir COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10368331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Villars-le-Terroir | image_photo = Église Villars-le-Terroir 29.02.2012.jpg | municipality_name = Villars-le-Terroir | municipality_type = municipality | imagepath_coa = CHE Villars-le-Terroir COA.svg|pixel_coa= | map = Karte Gemeinde Villars-le-Terroir.png | languages = French | canton = Vaud | iso-code-region = CH-VD | district = [[Gros-de-Vaud (district)|Gros-de-Vaud]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|39|N|6|38|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 1040 | municipality_code = 5537 | area = 7.09 | elevation = 647|elevation_description= | population = 737|populationof = December 2004 | popofyear = 2004 | website = www.villars-le-terroir.ch | mayor = Eric Glauser|mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = Syndic |list_of_mayors = | places = Le Grand Buron, Le Petit Buron, Montandrey | demonym = Villardiers | neighboring_municipalities= [[Echallens]], [[Fey, Switzerland|Fey]], [[Goumoens-la-Ville]], [[Penthéréaz]], [[Poliez-le-Grand]], [[Sugnens]], [[Vuarrens]] | twintowns = }} '''Villars-le-Terroir''' is a [[municipality]] in the district [[Gros-de-Vaud (district)|Gros-de-Vaud]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Vaud]] in [[Switzerland]]. == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == {{commonscat-inline}} * [http://www.villars-le-terroir.ch Official website] {{in lang|fr}} {{Switzerland-stub}} [[Category:Municipalities in Gros-de-Vaud]] 9d4m4dq8wcnxhei33qmvf7q61cmauma 0 718184 10368075 10136710 2025-07-02T18:28:13Z Davey2010 314522 reword 10368075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}} {{For|the 3-axle, Dennis Trident built for export|Dennis Trident 3}} {{Infobox UK Bus | name = Dennis Trident 2 | image = Stagecoach London 18476 on Route 498, Romford Queen's Hospital (19057369188).jpg | caption = [[Stagecoach London]] Trident 2 with [[Alexander Dennis ALX400]] bodywork at [[Queen's Hospital]] on [[London Buses route 498|route 498]] in 2015 | manufacturer = [[Dennis Specialist Vehicles|Dennis]]<br>[[TransBus International]]<br>[[Alexander Dennis]] | production = 1997–2006 | factory = [[Guildford]], [[England]] | operator = | length = {{convert|9.9|m}}<br>{{convert|10.5|m}}<br>{{convert|10.6|m}}<br>{{convert|11.4|m}} | width = {{convert|2.55|m}} | height = {{convert|4.1-4.4|m}} | weight = {{convert|17,800|kg}} | floortype = [[Low-floor bus|Low floor]] | doors = 1 or 2 | engine = [[Cummins]] [[Cummins C Series engine|C Series]]/[[Cummins B Series engine|ISBe]]/[[Cummins C Series engine|ISCe]]/[[Cummins L Series engine|ISLe]] | capacity = | powerout = C Series: 220hp, 245hp<br>ISCe: 225hp, 260hp<br>ISBe: 250hp<br>ISLe: 320hp | transmission = [[Voith DIWA]] D854.3E<br>[[ZF Ecomat]] 4HP502/5HP502<ref name="ADL_Spec">{{Cite web |title=Trident two-axle double deck chassis |url=https://archive.org/details/adl_e200/adl_trident_twoaxle_dd_spec_sheet/ |access-date=10 February 2024 |website=Alexander Dennis}}</ref> | predecessor = [[Dennis Arrow]] | successor = [[Alexander Dennis Enviro400]] }} The '''Dennis Trident 2''' is a [[double-decker bus|double-decker]] [[chassis]] of a bus, It has a [[low-floor bus|low floor]], It was built from 1997 to 2018 by [[Alexander Dennis]].{{Efn|The Trident 2 was previously made by Dennis and then TransBus International and then Alexander Dennis}} The following [[Coachwork|bodies]] were built on the Trident 2 [[chassis]]: * [[Alexander ALX400]] [[Coachwork|bodywork]]<ref name="DennisTrident">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oo5UAAAAMAAJ|title=Jane's Urban Transport Systems|last1=Webb|first1=Mary|last2=Clarke|first2=Jackie|date=2007|publisher=Jane's Information Group|isbn=9780710628169|page=376|access-date=17 February 2016}}</ref> * [[Plaxton President]] bodywork<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_Bus_and_Coach_Today/aXCJEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Dennis+Trident+2+Plaxton+President&pg=PT57&printsec=frontcover|title=The Bus and Coach Today|last=Walter|first=Richard|date=15 September 2022|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-3981-0463-1|language=en}}</ref> * [[East Lancs Lolyne]]/[[East Lancs Myllennium Lolyne|Myllennium Lolyne]] bodywork<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Buses_in_South_and_West_Yorkshire/OvDUEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Dennis+Trident+2+East+Lancs+Lolyne&pg=PT95&printsec=frontcover|title=Buses in South and West Yorkshire|last=Tucker|first=Peter|date=15 September 2023|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-3981-1408-1|language=en}}</ref> In 2005, Alexander Dennis made a new chassis called the '''Enviro400''', it was made for the [[Bodywork|body]] of a bus [[Alexander Dennis Enviro400|Enviro400]]. The Trident 2 name was still used<ref name="E400">[[Buses Magazine]] December 2008, Issue 645</ref> In 2008, [[Alexander Dennis]] made a [[hybrid electric bus|hybrid-electric powered]] chassis for the [[Alexander Dennis Enviro400H]] bus [[Bodywork|body]].<ref name="E400" /> ==Gallery== <gallery widths="220"> File:Maghull Coaches V436DRA (8661361650).jpg|[[Maghull Coaches]] Trident 2 with [[East Lancs Lolyne]] bodywork in 2013 File:Blackpool Transport 331 PF06EZO (9128321228).jpg|[[Blackpool Transport]] Trident 2 with [[East Lancs Myllennium Lolyne]] bodywork in 2013 File:Penzance Bus Station - First 33143 (LR02LWY) (cropped).JPG|[[First Kernow]] Trident 2 with [[Plaxton President]] bodied bodywork in 2018 </gallery> ==Notes== {{Notelist}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{commons category-inline}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070205104406/http://www.alexander-dennis.com/double_deck/trident.htm Product description] Alexander Dennis *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110707205457/http://www.eis.na.baesystems.com/media_resources/pdf/bae_pdf_eis_hybridrivenviro400.pdf Product description of Enviro400 hybrid] BAE Systems {{Dennis}} {{Alexander Dennis}} [[Category:Dennis buses|Trident 2]] [[Category:Low-floor buses]] {{transport-stub}} czq2ofq93b9ycolfl9hcqbnax5iioye 10368080 10368075 2025-07-02T18:30:42Z Davey2010 314522 rm per enwiki 10368080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}} {{For|the 3-axle, Dennis Trident built for export|Dennis Trident 3}} {{Infobox UK Bus | name = Dennis Trident 2 | image = Stagecoach London 18476 on Route 498, Romford Queen's Hospital (19057369188).jpg | caption = [[Stagecoach London]] Trident 2 with [[Alexander Dennis ALX400]] bodywork at [[Queen's Hospital]] on [[London Buses route 498|route 498]] in 2015 | manufacturer = [[Dennis Specialist Vehicles|Dennis]]<br>[[TransBus International]]<br>[[Alexander Dennis]] | production = 1997–2006 | factory = [[Guildford]], [[England]] | operator = | length = {{convert|9.9|m}}<br>{{convert|10.5|m}}<br>{{convert|10.6|m}}<br>{{convert|11.4|m}} | width = {{convert|2.55|m}} | height = {{convert|4.1-4.4|m}} | weight = {{convert|17,800|kg}} | floortype = [[Low-floor bus|Low floor]] | doors = 1 or 2 | engine = [[Cummins]] [[Cummins C Series engine|C Series]]/[[Cummins B Series engine|ISBe]]/[[Cummins C Series engine|ISCe]]/[[Cummins L Series engine|ISLe]] | capacity = | powerout = C Series: 220hp, 245hp<br>ISCe: 225hp, 260hp<br>ISBe: 250hp<br>ISLe: 320hp | transmission = [[Voith DIWA]] D854.3E<br>[[ZF Ecomat]] 4HP502/5HP502<ref name="ADL_Spec">{{Cite web |title=Trident two-axle double deck chassis |url=https://archive.org/details/adl_e200/adl_trident_twoaxle_dd_spec_sheet/ |access-date=10 February 2024 |website=Alexander Dennis}}</ref> | predecessor = [[Dennis Arrow]] | successor = [[Alexander Dennis Enviro400]] }} The '''Dennis Trident 2''' is a [[double-decker bus|double-decker]] [[chassis]] of a bus, It has a [[low-floor bus|low floor]], It was built from 1997 to 2018 by [[Alexander Dennis]].{{Efn|The Trident 2 was previously made by Dennis and then TransBus International and then Alexander Dennis}} The following [[Coachwork|bodies]] were built on the Trident 2 [[chassis]]: * [[Alexander ALX400]] [[Coachwork|bodywork]]<ref name="DennisTrident">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oo5UAAAAMAAJ|title=Jane's Urban Transport Systems|last1=Webb|first1=Mary|last2=Clarke|first2=Jackie|date=2007|publisher=Jane's Information Group|isbn=9780710628169|page=376|access-date=17 February 2016}}</ref> * [[Plaxton President]] bodywork<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_Bus_and_Coach_Today/aXCJEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Dennis+Trident+2+Plaxton+President&pg=PT57&printsec=frontcover|title=The Bus and Coach Today|last=Walter|first=Richard|date=15 September 2022|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-3981-0463-1|language=en}}</ref> * [[East Lancs Lolyne]]/[[East Lancs Myllennium Lolyne|Myllennium Lolyne]] bodywork<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Buses_in_South_and_West_Yorkshire/OvDUEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Dennis+Trident+2+East+Lancs+Lolyne&pg=PT95&printsec=frontcover|title=Buses in South and West Yorkshire|last=Tucker|first=Peter|date=15 September 2023|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-3981-1408-1|language=en}}</ref> In 2005, Alexander Dennis made a new chassis called the '''Enviro400''', it was made for the [[Bodywork|body]] of a bus [[Alexander Dennis Enviro400|Enviro400]]. The Trident 2 name was still used<ref name="E400">[[Buses Magazine]] December 2008, Issue 645</ref> ==Gallery== <gallery widths="220"> File:Maghull Coaches V436DRA (8661361650).jpg|[[Maghull Coaches]] Trident 2 with [[East Lancs Lolyne]] bodywork in 2013 File:Blackpool Transport 331 PF06EZO (9128321228).jpg|[[Blackpool Transport]] Trident 2 with [[East Lancs Myllennium Lolyne]] bodywork in 2013 File:Penzance Bus Station - First 33143 (LR02LWY) (cropped).JPG|[[First Kernow]] Trident 2 with [[Plaxton President]] bodied bodywork in 2018 </gallery> ==Notes== {{Notelist}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{commons category-inline}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070205104406/http://www.alexander-dennis.com/double_deck/trident.htm Product description] Alexander Dennis *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110707205457/http://www.eis.na.baesystems.com/media_resources/pdf/bae_pdf_eis_hybridrivenviro400.pdf Product description of Enviro400 hybrid] BAE Systems {{Dennis}} {{Alexander Dennis}} [[Category:Dennis buses|Trident 2]] [[Category:Low-floor buses]] {{transport-stub}} nuwssmjvqhfagskpaskcehrsk4kga0o 0 719146 10369119 8603650 2025-07-03T07:47:32Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10369119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} {{Infobox university | name = Aston University | image = Aston University Logo.png | image_upright = 0.8 | established = 1895 (granted [[Universities in the United Kingdom|University Status]] by [[Royal Charter]] in 1966)<ref name="History">{{cite web|url=http://www2.aston.ac.uk/about/history/|title=History and traditions|access-date=27 October 2019}}</ref> | motto = ''Forward'' | type = [[public university|Public]] | endowment = [[Pound sterling|£]]1.41 million <small>(as of July 2018)</small><ref name = "Aston University Endowment 2017/2018">{{cite web | url = https://www2.aston.ac.uk/about/documents/Financial%20Statement%202017%2018.pdf | title = Financial Statement 2017-18 | access-date = 27 October 2019 | publisher = Aston University | page = 46 }}{{Dead link|date=March 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | budget = [[Pound sterling|£]]156.8 million <small>(2017/2018)</small><ref name = "Aston University Budget 2017/2018">{{cite web | url = https://www2.aston.ac.uk/about/documents/Financial%20Statement%202017%2018.pdf | title = Financial Statement 2017-18 | access-date = 27 October 2019 | publisher = Aston University | page = 25 }}{{Dead link|date=March 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | city = [[Birmingham]] | country = [[England]], [[United Kingdom]] | coor = {{Coord|52.4860|N|1.8895|W|scale:10000_type:edu_region:GB-CRF|display=inline,title}} | campus = Urban, {{convert|60|acre|ha|abbr=off}}<ref name = "Aston University Campus 2017/2018">{{cite web | url = https://www2.aston.ac.uk/about/documents/Financial%20Statement%202017%2018.pdf | title = Financial Statement 2017-18 | access-date = 27 October 2019 | publisher = Aston University | page = 4 }}{{Dead link|date=March 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | chancellor = [[John Sunderland (businessman)|Sir John Sunderland]] | vice_chancellor = [[Alec Cameron]] | students = 15,500 (2017/18)<ref name = "Student Population 2017/2018">{{cite web | url = https://www2.aston.ac.uk/about/documents/Financial%20Statement%202017%2018.pdf | title = Financial Statement 2017-18 | access-date = 27 October 2019 | publisher = Aston University | page = 9 }}{{Dead link|date=March 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | undergrad = 11,935 (2017/18)<ref name = "Student Population 2017/2018"/> | postgrad = 3,565 (2017/18)<ref name = "Student Population 2017/2018"/> | doctoral = | staff = | affiliations = [[Association of Commonwealth Universities|ACU]]<br />[[CDIO Initiative]]<br />[[European University Association|EUA]]<br />[[Universities UK]]<br />[[AACSB]]<br />[[M5 (universities)|M5 Universities]] | colours = {{scarf|{{cell3|#000}}{{cell|#B80000}}{{cell3|#000}}{{cell|#B80000}}{{cell3|#000}}}} {{scarf|{{cell3|#B80000}}{{cell|#000}}{{cell3|#B80000}}{{cell|#000}}{{cell3|#B80000}}}} | website = {{URL|http://www.aston.ac.uk/}} | logo = Aston University Logo.png }} '''Aston University''' is a [[public university]] in the city centre of [[Birmingham]], England. It received its [[royal charter]] from [[Queen Elizabeth II]] on 22 April 1966. Aston is famous for having a placement year as part of many of its undergraduate degree courses.<ref name="thecompleteuniversityguide">{{cite web|url=http://www.thecompleteuniversityguide.co.uk/aston |title=Aston University |publisher=Complete University Guide |access-date=28 October 2019}}</ref> It pioneered the integrated placement year concept from its start in 1966. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.birminghampost.co.uk/news/local-news/aston-university-team-up-tech-6781285|title=Aston University team up with tech firm for IT degree|date=8 March 2014|work=birminghampost|access-date=27 October 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aston.ac.uk/50/50-aston-greats/james-gracie/|title=50th Anniversary: Sir James Gracie Q&A|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150830043506/http://www.aston.ac.uk/50/50-aston-greats/james-gracie/|archive-date=30 August 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=27 October 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.heacademy.ac.uk/sites/default/files/graduates-for-industry-aston.pdf |title=Engineering graduates for industry |access-date=27 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716210726/https://www.heacademy.ac.uk/sites/default/files/graduates-for-industry-aston.pdf |archive-date=16 July 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==History== ===Predecessor institutions=== [[File:Astonmainbuilding.jpg|thumb|The main building with water sculpture Tipping Triangles by [[Angela Conner]]. The building is one of Europe's largest freestanding brick buildings.<ref name="midlandsbusinessnews.co.uk"/>]] In 1875, a School of Metallurgy was formed in the [[Birmingham and Midland Institute]]. In 1895, the Birmingham Municipal Technical School separated from the Institute. It taught [[chemistry]], [[physics]], [[metallurgy]] and [[electrical engineering]]. In 1911, commercial classes were introduced. By 1916, this had grown into an independent School of Commerce.<ref name="History and Traditions">{{cite web|url=http://www1.aston.ac.uk/about/history/|title=History and Traditions|year=2008|publisher=Aston University|access-date= 28 October 2019| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081219025224/http://www1.aston.ac.uk/about/history/| archive-date= 19 December 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> In 1927, the school changed its name to the Birmingham Central Technical College.<ref name="History and Traditions" /> This was to reflect its changing approach to teaching technology. In 1951, the Technical College was renamed the ''College of Technology, Birmingham''.<ref name="History and Traditions" /> Work began on the Main Building at Gosta Green. [[Princess Margaret]] laid one of the first foundation stones at the base of the new building in 1951. The building is said to be one of Europe's largest freestanding brick buildings.<ref name="midlandsbusinessnews.co.uk">{{cite web|url=http://www.midlandsbusinessnews.co.uk/new-era-conference-aston-help-overbury/|title=Midlands Business News New era at Conference Aston with the help of Overbury - Midlands Business News|work=Midlands Business News|access-date=28 October 2019|archive-date=17 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150717022152/http://www.midlandsbusinessnews.co.uk/new-era-conference-aston-help-overbury/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1956 it became the [[UK]]'s first [[College of Advanced Technology (United Kingdom)|College of Advanced Technology]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college-optometrists.org/en/college/museyeum/online_exhibitions/students_past/Birmingham.cfm|title=Birmingham - Central Technical College and Aston University|author=Neil Handley|access-date=27 October 2019|archive-date=11 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160711074751/http://www.college-optometrists.org/en/college/museyeum/online_exhibitions/students_past/Birmingham.cfm|url-status=dead}}</ref> It had a major expansion.<ref name="History and Traditions" /> The college expanded again to a design by the [[City Architect of Birmingham]] [[Alwyn Sheppard Fidler]] between 1957 and 1965.<ref>{{cite book| last = Foster| first = Andy| title = Birmingham| series = Pevsner Architectural Guides| year = 2007| publisher = Yale University Press| isbn = 978-0-300-10731-9| page = 195| orig-year = 2005 }}</ref> ===University status=== On 22 April 1966, it it was given its [[Royal Charter]]. It became the ''University of Aston in Birmingham''. On 10 May 1966, the first [[Chancellor (education)|Chancellor]] of the University, [[Henry Nelson, 2nd Baron Nelson of Stafford|Lord Nelson of Stafford]], was installed. The Charter of the University outlines its objectives. These are appropriate to a technological university: {{Blockquote|text="to advance, disseminate and apply learning and knowledge by teaching and research, for the benefit of industry and commerce and of the community generally: and to enable students to obtain the advantage of a university education, and such teaching and research may include periods outside the University in industry or commerce or wherever the University considers proper for the best advancement of its objects."}} Due to the history of the institution, there is emphasis given to the sandwich course system and the maintenance of strong links with industry. The motto of the University is the same as that of the [[Birmingham|City of Birmingham]] – ''Forward''.<ref name="History"/> In 1983, Aston University, [[Birmingham City Council]], and [[Lloyds Bank]], established Birmingham Technology Ltd.. This [[company]] manages the [[Science park|Aston Science Park]]. The science park is next to the university site. In 1984, the area was granted its own postal address "The Aston Triangle". This made the campus an official district of Birmingham. The logo of the establishment takes from the shape of the area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aston.ac.uk/50/history/1980s/ |title=1980s |publisher=Aston.ac.uk |archive-date= 20 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220153456/http://www.aston.ac.uk/50/history/1980s/|url-status=dead |access-date=28 October 2019}}</ref> ===2000 to present=== [[File:Astonbraincentre.jpg|thumb|Aston Brain Centre.]] In September 2010, Aston University hosted the [[British Science Festival]]. This is one of Europe's largest public science events.<ref>{{cite book| last1 = Bagla| first1 = Pallava| last2 = Binoy| first2 = V. V.| title = Bridging the Communication Gap in Science and Technology: Lessons from India| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=kwIrDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA290| date = 2017-02-17| publisher = Springer| language = en| isbn = 978-981-10-1025-5| page = 290 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book| last = Morris| first = Andrew James| title = Getting To Grips With Science: A Fresh Approach For The Curious| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7dm3CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA153| date = 2014-12-10| publisher = World Scientific| language = en| isbn = 978-1-78326-594-7| page = 153 }}</ref> Since May 2011, Sir [[John Sunderland (businessman)|John Sunderland]] has been the Chancellor. The university is a lead sponsor of [[Aston University Engineering Academy]]. This [[university technical college]] (UTC) opened in September 2012. The UTC is for students aged 14 to 19 wishing to study and have a career in engineering. It is located at the edge of the Aston University campus.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.auea.co.uk/Aston-University |title=Aston University &#124; Aston University Engineering Academy |publisher=Auea.co.uk |access-date=29 October 2019 |archive-date=17 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017082246/http://www.auea.co.uk/Aston-University |url-status=dead }}</ref> In October 2014, the University announced a £35 million cash injection for a major upgrade of the campus. This included a new £19 million revamp of [[Aston Business School]] and improvement work to the Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies and the School of Languages and Social Sciences.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.birminghampost.co.uk/business/commercial-property/new-aston-university-business-school-7947978|title=New Aston University business school after £35m boost|author=Jon Griffin|date=17 October 2014|work=birminghampost|access-date=29 October 2019}}</ref> In October 2015, Aston launched the [[Aston Medical School]].<ref name="medical">{{cite web|url=http://www.aston.ac.uk/aston-medical-school/faqs/|title=Aston Medical School FAQ|access-date=29 October 2019|archive-date=23 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923175734/http://www.aston.ac.uk/aston-medical-school/faqs/|url-status=dead}}</ref> This was for [[postgraduate]] [[research students]]. In September 2018 the first Bachelor of Medicine [[MBChB]] course started.<ref name="medical"/> The course takes five years. In February 2017, the University launched its online programme website. Four [[Master of Science|MSc]] programmes are offered 100% online to students in the UK and worldwide. It also offers the Aston Business School's [[MBA]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.aston.ac.uk/aston-business-school/programmes/aston-mba/index.aspx|title=The Aston MBA - Aston Business School|website=Aston University|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-07-21}}{{Dead link|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In July 2017, Aston became the first University in the UK to award degree apprenticeship graduates.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://feweek.co.uk/2017/07/17/first-degree-apprentices-in-uk-graduate/|title=First degree apprentices in UK graduate|last=Offord|first=Paul|date=2017-07-17|website=FE Week|access-date=29 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.computerweekly.com/news/450424914/First-set-of-Capgemini-degree-apprentices-graduate|title=First set of Capgemini degree apprentices graduate|website=ComputerWeekly.com|language=en|access-date=29 October 2019}}</ref> Aston began working in close partnership with [[Capgemini]], to create the first degree apprenticeship: ''Digital and Technology Solutions'' in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncub.co.uk/success-stories/creating-the-first-degree-apprenticeship-in-digital-and-technology-solutions|title=Creating the first degree apprenticeship in digital and technology solutions|last=Capgemini|website=NCUB|date=7 September 2018 |language=en|access-date=29 October 2019}}</ref> ==Campus== [[File:Aston uni campus1.jpg|thumb|Aston's self-contained green campus, in the city centre of Birmingham.]] The university sits on a 40-acre campus at [[Gosta Green]], in the city centre of [[Birmingham]], England.<ref name="TheIndependent">{{cite news |url=http://education.independent.co.uk/higher/az_uni_colleges/article1208485.ece |title=Aston University |access-date=29 October 2019 |last=Tarleton |first=Alice |date=2006-08-01 |series=A-Z Unis & Colleges |work=The Independent |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060926002602/http://education.independent.co.uk/higher/az_uni_colleges/article1208485.ece |archive-date=26 September 2006 |url-status=dead |df=dmy }}</ref> The campus has accommodation for over 3000 students. It has sports facilities, a library, cafés, restaurants, pubs, shops, travel centre, hairdresser, health centre, dentist, places of worship, opticians, a bank, [[automated teller machine]]s and outside leisure space. ===Library=== Aston University Library is on four floors. It contains over 250,000 books and 800 current printed periodicals. It has over 700 reader places. It provides online access over 3,400 electronic journals. The Library is open 24&nbsp;hours a day to Aston students and staff during exam time,and 12&nbsp;hours a day during term time. ===IT=== Around the campus there are open-access IT suites. They offer computer and internet access 24&nbsp;hours a day. They offer access to software packages, database systems and computer-aided learning materials. ===Sports=== Aston University [[sports]] facilities include a 25m [[swimming pool]], [[sauna]] and [[steam room]], two sports halls, a [[gym]], weights and fitness rooms, and a two storey dance studio. It has 35 sports clubs. The campus also has two [[floodlit]] sports pitches. Many of the University clubs train and compete in the [[British Universities and Colleges Sport]]s (BUCS) Leagues. Away from the campus, the University manages a 40-acre sports ground with floodlit pitches and a [[pavilion]] for all outdoor sports. ==Organisation and administration== ===Faculties and departments=== All of the Aston University's faculties are based on one campus. They are organised into the following five schools: {{div col}} ;School of Engineering and Applied Science * Applied Physics * Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry * Computer Science * Electronic Engineering * Engineering Systems and Management * Mathematics * Mechanical Engineering and Design ;School of Life and Health Sciences * Audiology * Biology * Biomedical Science * Optometry * Pharmacy * Psychology <br> ;School of Languages and Social Sciences * Modern languages & translation studies * International relations, politics & European studies * English language * English literature * History * Sociology & public policy ;[[Aston Business School]] * Aston Law * Economics and Strategy * Finance and Accounting * Marketing Group * Operations and Information Management Group * Work and Organisational Psychology ;[[Aston Medical School]] {{div col end}} ===Coat of arms=== The university's [[Achievement (heraldry)|arms]] were granted on 18 March 1955 by [[Garter Principal King of Arms|Garter]], [[Clarenceux King of Arms|Clarenceux]] and [[Norroy and Ulster King of Arms|Norroy and Ulster]] [[King of Arms|Kings of Arms]] to the Birmingham Corporation. This was for use by the former College of Technology. They were designed to show the College's connection with the City and with the teaching of technology. The arms consist of a [[escutcheon (heraldry)|shield]] and [[crest (heraldry)|crest]]. The shield has two sections – the field (the main background) and a chief (the broad band across the top of the shield). The field is coloured blue. The chief is coloured [[Silver (color)|silver]]. On the field is a diagonal line of five gold [[Rhombus|diamonds]] joined one to the other. This is similar to the first quarter of the Arms of the City of Birmingham. It is incorporated in the Arms of the College to show its connection to the City. On the chief is depicted an open book bound in red placed between two black hammers. This shows the connection of the University with technology. The book represents learning. The hammers represent engineering and allied trades. The crest is designed to stress the pursuit of knowledge. It consists of a red torch held erect by a forearm between two branches of gold laurel. Originally it would have been worn on the helmet of a fully armed person. The crest is always placed on the top of the helm. The method of joining the crest to the helm was usually concealed by decoration. In the University's arms this is done by the use of a wreath and a crown. The wreath is silver, red, and black. These colours being taken from the shield. On top is a mural crown (resembling a wall). This is reserved in modern grants for persons and organisations connected with public corporations. The cloth mantling hangs down from the top of the helm. This represents the cloak which was originally worn to protect the armour. It is coloured blue and gold. These being the two principal colours of the shield.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aston.ac.uk/about/history/arms/ |title=Aston University Arms |access-date=30 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150717000246/http://www.aston.ac.uk/about/history/arms/ |archive-date=17 July 2015 |df=dmy }}</ref> In 2016, Her Majesty's College of Arms granted the favour of supporters to Aston University's arms. This marked the 50th anniversary of the University. Professor Julia King, the Baroness Brown of Cambridge, the Vice-Chancellor, had made the request. The Letters Patent was formally presented to Aston University by the York Herald, Michael Peter Desmond O'Donoghue Esq.. This was made in a service at [[St Phillips Cathedral]], Birmingham, on 29th September 2016. The arms are supported by a Canada goose and a red squirrel. The Canada goose is a symbol. It represents the family of geese living on the University campus. The squirrel is the crest of the arms of Aston Manor. This is a rebus. (The picture is a pun on the persons name. The owners of Aston Manor were the Holte family and a squirrel's nest is called a holt). This explains the ancient connection between the squirrel and Aston. The animal also appears on the University mace. It also appears on the Chancellor's chain of office. This chain was originally the property of the Mayor of Aston Manor. The gorse around the animals' necks is a reference to Gosta Green. It was known as ''Gostie'' Green during the 18th century. This combined the name of the landowner (William de Gorsty) with the local plant called '[[gorse]]' <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.heraldry-wiki.com/heraldrywiki/index.php/Aston_University |title=Aston University |access-date=30 October 2019 |df=dmy }}</ref> ===Academic dress=== [[File:Aston University Lake 2010.JPG|thumb|The Chancellor's Lake at the heart of the campus with triangular fountain, 2010.]] [[File:Aston University EBRI Building.jpg|thumb|The EBRI building.]] [[File:Birmingham - Aston University.JPG|thumb|Main Building]] The [[academic dress]] for graduates of the University is as follows: * [[Bachelor of Science]], [[Bachelor of Engineering]] and [[Master of Engineering]] ** Gown: Black stuff of special design, having coat-type sleeve, narrow facings which continue round the neck and with extra wide gathers round the back ** Hood: Black stuff, modified simple shape, faced inside for three inches with University lining ** Hat: Black mortar board * [[Master of Science]] ** Gown: Black stuff of special design, having coat-type sleeve, narrow facings which continue round the neck and with extra wide gathers round the back ** Hood: Black stuff, modified simple shape, fully lined with University lining ** Hat: Black mortar board * [[Master of Philosophy]] ** Gown: Black stuff of special design, having coat-type sleeve, narrow facings which continue round the neck and with extra wide gathers round the back ** Hood: Blue stuff, modified simple shape, fully lined with University lining ** Hat: Black mortar board * [[Doctor of Philosophy]] ** Gown: Claret colour cloth robe, having coat-type sleeve, narrow facings which continue round the neck and with extra wide gathers round the back ** Hood: Modified simple shape, in University Red stuff, faced inside for three inches with University lining ** Hat: Black cloth bonnet with cord and tassels of University Red * [[Doctor of Science]] ** Gown: Same shape as for Doctor of Philosophy but in University Red, with facings on collar of University lining and gold cuffs on sleeves ** Hood: Same shape as for Doctor of Philosophy but of gold silk and fully lined with University lining ** Hat: Black velvet bonnet with cord and tassels in gold ==Academic profile== [[File:Aston University Library 20110211.jpg|thumb|220x220px|Library.]] ===Research=== In the 2008 [[Research Assessment Exercise]], Aston University was ranked in the top 12 in the UK in all four of its broad subject areas. Of the research undertaken, 86% was described as 'internationally significant'.<ref name="ReferenceC">{{cite web|url=http://www.aston.ac.uk/research/rae/|title=Aston's performance in the Research Excellence Framework|access-date=1 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226134358/http://www.aston.ac.uk/research/rae/|archive-date=26 December 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> 88% of Aston academic staff were submitted for research assessment. This is one of the highest proportions in the UK. According to the Research Assessment Exercise, the university's strengths include Business and Management, General Engineering, subjects allied to Medicine (Optometry, Biology, Pharmacy and Psychology), Languages and European Studies. ===Rankings=== In the 2012 QS World University Rankings, graduate employers ranked Aston University 51st for graduate employability.<ref name="birmingham-chamber.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.birmingham-chamber.com/Attachments/Asian-Link/Asianlink_Spring38.aspx |title=employable graduates |date=April 2012 |access-date=1 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927095510/http://www.birmingham-chamber.com/Attachments/Asian-Link/Asianlink_Spring38.aspx |archive-date=27 September 2013}} </ref> Aston was ranked in the top ten of all UK universities for its graduate employment record.<ref name="thecompleteuniversityguide"/> In 2012, Aston University was responsible for educating 2.3 per cent of the UK's millionaires. This placed Aston at number 8 in the UK.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/universityeducation/9427636/Top-10-universities-for-joining-the-super-rich.html?frame=2288238|title=Top 10 universities for joining the super-rich|date=26 July 2012|work=Telegraph.co.uk|access-date=1 November 2019}}</ref> In 2015, Aston was ranked as the [[42 (number)|42]]nd best university in the world under 50 years old. <ref name="topuniversities.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.topuniversities.com/top-50-under-50/2015 |title=QS World University Rankings 2015 |publisher=Top Universities |access-date=1 November 2019}}</ref> For 2018, it was put in the top 55 universities in the UK. It was ranked 18th for student experience in the Sunday Times Good University Guide.<ref name = "Aston University key facts 2017/2018">{{cite web | url = https://www2.aston.ac.uk/about/documents/Financial%20Statement%202017%2018.pdf | title = Financial Statement 2017-18 | access-date = 27 October 2019 | publisher = Aston University | page = 4 }}{{Dead link|date=March 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Aston is ranked 34th in the University League Tables 2020.<ref name="thecompleteuniversityguide"/> ===Aston Business School=== {{Main|Aston Business School}} [[File:Astonbs.jpg|thumb|[[Aston Business School]]]] Founded in 1947, Aston Business School (ABS) is one of the largest and oldest business schools in the UK.<ref name="abs.aston.ac.uk">{{cite web |url=http://www.abs.aston.ac.uk/60th/ |title=60th Anniversary of Aston Business School |access-date=1 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416140844/http://www.abs.aston.ac.uk/60th/ |archive-date=16 April 2008}}</ref> In 1999, ABS was the first UK business school to be awarded the prestigious EQUIS accreditation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2002/feb/16/students.schools|title=Aston Business School|author=Nick Pandya|work=the Guardian|date=16 February 2002 |access-date=1 November 2019}}</ref> The school's most recent [[Research Assessment Exercise]] was in 2008. All research areas submitted ranked in the top 12 in the UK. 45% of the research submitted was judged to be "excellent" or "world-leading".<ref name="ReferenceC"/> In 2012, the business school's Masters Management course was ranked by the ''[[Financial Times]]'' as 36th in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rankings.ft.com/businessschoolrankings/aston-business-school/masters-in-management-2012#masters-in-management-2012 |title=Business school rankings from the Financial Times - Aston Business School |publisher=Rankings.ft.com |access-date=1 November 2019}}</ref> In 2014, Aston was 2nd in the UK for developing marketing professionals, 7th for finance professionals,23rd for accounting professionals. This was based on the career outcome data of more than 313 million [[LinkedIn]] members.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aston.ac.uk/about/news/releases/2014/october-2014/aston-top-10-linkedin-university-rankings/|title=Aston rated 'Top 10' in LinkedIn Rankings|access-date=16 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150614034721/http://www.aston.ac.uk/about/news/releases/2014/october-2014/aston-top-10-linkedin-university-rankings/|archive-date=14 June 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In 2019, Aston is in the top 1% of Business Schools Worldwide with Triple Accreditation (AMBA, AACSB and EQUIS). It is in the World Top 100 Universities for Business and Management Studies (QS Ranking 2019).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.aston.ac.uk/aston-business-school/news/2019/top-100-world-ranking-for-business-studies/Index |title=Aston University enters top 100 world ranking for Business and Management Studies |access-date=1 November 2019}}</ref> ==Student life== [[File:Stafford_Tower,_Aston_University.jpg|thumb|right|Stafford Tower, prior to demolition, January 2014.|296x296px]] [[File:Aston Uni Lakeside 01.JPG|thumb|upright|Part of the Lakeside student residences.]] [[File:Aston University Student Accommodation phase 1.jpg|thumb|upright| The [[William Murdoch]] and [[James Watt]] residences.]] [[File:Aston University Student Village phase 2 completed - James Watt Queensway.jpg|thumb|Aston Student Village completed in August 2013.]] ===Students' Union=== Aston Students' Union (SU) used to be called Aston ''Guild'' of Students. It is a non-profit independent charity. It was set up to represent and support its members. Most members are current students at Aston University. The SU operates a number of commercial and non-commercial services. These include; the Advice & Representation Centre (ARC), the Aston Athletic Union, the Aston Societies Federation, the SU Shop, Copyshop and B4 Bar. The Aston Athletic Union supports the university sports clubs. The Aston Societies Federation supports non-sporting societies. The SU is funded by grant income from Aston University. This is added to by funds raised by the SU's commercial services. The SU is led by a Trustee Board of elected students and external trustees. Day-to-day management is by a team of permanent staff and the Executive Committee. The Executive Committeeby is an elected student team. The SU building consists of 5 floors and is located in the centre of the Aston University Campus. On 29 November 2006, the students voted to disaffiliate the Guild (now Union) from the [[National Union of Students (United Kingdom)|National Union of Students]]. On 26 November 2014, they voted to re-affiliate.<ref>{{cite web|title=Aston Students' Union re-joins NUS|url=http://beta.nusconnect.org.uk/strong-students-unions/articles/aston-students-union-re-joins-nus|publisher=NUS|access-date=1 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129215042/http://beta.nusconnect.org.uk/strong-students-unions/articles/aston-students-union-re-joins-nus|archive-date=29 November 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Student housing=== In the 1970s, three [[tower block]]s containing student accommodation were constructed on Aston University campus. They were named Dalton, Lawrence and Stafford Towers. In August 1999, the Lakeside complex added further student accommodation on to the campus. In April 2007, Aston University submitted a planning application for demolition of the three 1970s towers. They were to be replaced by new student accommodation blocks, apartments for tutors, retail units and administrative offices. On 8 May 2011, Lawrence and Dalton Towers were demolished.<ref name="demolition">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-birmingham-13327913 |title=BBC News - Aston University tower blocks demolished |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=2011-05-08 |access-date= 1 November 2019}}</ref> On 27 April 2014, Stafford Tower, Gem Sports Centre and Lakeside Conference Centre were demolished. This made way for a new entrance to Aston University and a five-acre green space. The new landscaped area includes a walkway into the university from the city centre. It also contains a pavilion for teaching. The pavillion is also used as a catering facility for outdoor events. The new buildings are named the [[William Murdoch]], the [[James Watt]], the [[Harriet Martineau]] and the [[Mary Sturge]] Residences.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.aston.ac.uk/study/accommodation/prospective-students/types/harriet-martineau-and-mary-sturge-residences/ |title= Aston Accommodation |access-date=1 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725235921/http://www1.aston.ac.uk/study/accommodation/prospective-students/types/harriet-martineau-and-mary-sturge-residences/ |archive-date=25 July 2013}}</ref> In 2016, Aston sold all of the student housing that it owned to UNITE Students. ==Notable people== ===Chancellors=== * [[Henry Nelson, 2nd Baron Nelson of Stafford|Lord Nelson of Stafford]] (May 1966 – September 1979) * [[Adrian Cadbury|Sir Adrian Cadbury]] (September 1979 – September 2004) * [[Michael Bett]] (September 2004 – May 2011) * [[John Sunderland (businessman)|John Sunderland]] (Since May 2011) ===Vice-Chancellors=== * [[Peter Venables (academic administrator)|Peter Venables]] (April 1966 - July 1969) * [[Joseph Pope (academic)|Sir Joseph Pope]] (August 1969 - September 1979) * [[Frederick W. Crawford]] (July 1980 - August 1996) * [[Michael T Wright (Engineer)|Michael T. Wright]] (September 1996 - November 2006) * [[Julia King|Dame Julia King]] (November 2006 – September 2016) * [[Alec Cameron]] (September 2016 – Present) ===Lecturers=== * [[Geoffrey Vernon Ball|Prof. Geoffrey Vernon Ball]] - The first full-time lecturing professor of ophthalmics, (1948-1981) ===Alumni=== <!-- please create a Wiki article establishing notability before adding anyone else here --> <!-- all red-listed below have articles on the english wikipedia available to copy over and simplify --> <!-- or have a valid citation with information to set up a page --> [[File:Paul Rudd Drayson 02.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Paul Drayson, Baron Drayson]]]] * [[Chris Banks (businessman)|Chris Banks]], British businessman * [[Keith Bradley, Baron Bradley]], Labour Party politician and [[life peer]] * [[Rob Brighouse]], Managing Director [[Chiltern Railways]]<ref name="aston1">{{cite web |url=http://www1.aston.ac.uk/about/news/releases/2013/march/aston-business-school-advisory-board/ |title=Business Directors join Advisory Board |publisher=.aston.ac.uk |date=2013-03-05 |access-date=2014-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202113608/http://www1.aston.ac.uk/about/news/releases/2013/march/aston-business-school-advisory-board/ |archive-date=2 February 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> * [[Frankie Boyle]], [[Stand up comedy|Stand-up]], [[Television]] * [[Rūta Bunkutė]], [[IFBB Professional League|IFBB]]/[[National Physique Committee|NPC]] Amateur [[fitness and figure competition|fitness and figure competitor]] from Lithuania * [[Anthony Cheung]], [[Secretary for Transport and Housing]] in Hong Kong * [[Stewart Clegg]], Australian sociologist * [[Paul Drayson, Baron Drayson]], vaccine manufacturer and [[Minister of State]] for Science, [[Drayson Racing]] Driver<ref name="alumni">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/student/into-university/az-uni-colleges/aston-university-birmingham-458852.html |title=Aston University, Birmingham - A-Z Unis & Colleges - Getting Into University |work=The Independent |date=2013-06-06 |access-date=28 October 2019}}</ref> * [[Simon D'Ujanga]], State Minister for Energy in Uganda * [[Veronica German]], Scientist, Member of the [[National Assembly for Wales]] * [[Malcolm Harbour]], British politician * [[Tony Hayward]], Former chief executive of [[BP Group]] * [[Abdollah Jassbi]], President of [[Azad University]] * [[Laura Jones (journalist)|Laura Jones]], BBC Journalist<ref name="alumni"/> * [[Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin]], Former [[Menteri Besar|Chief Minister]] of the state of [[Perak]] * [[Ravi Kant (Indian executive)|Ravi Kant]], Vice Chairman of [[TATA Motors]], India<ref>{{cite web |url=https://people.forbes.com/profile/ravi-kant/76754 |title=Ravi Kant - Forbes |publisher=People.forbes.com |date=2012-04-18 |access-date=2014-04-27 |archive-date=2014-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420012153/http://www.forbes.com/profile/ravi-kant/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Ashok Kumar (British politician)|Ashok Kumar]], Labour Party politician * [[Rachel Maclean (politician)|Rachel Maclean]], Conservative Party politician * [[Kevin Morley]], Former Managing Director of the former Rover Group * [[Ivan Noble]], BBC journalist * [[Rob Perrins]], Managing Director of [[Berkeley Group Holdings]] * [[Terry Pitt]], Political adviser and former Member of the European Parliament * [[Phil Popham]], Global Operations Director for the global [[Jaguar Land Rover]] business * [[Rahul Potluri]], Founder of ACALM, Doctor, Researcher, Scientist * [[John Rickard]], Former Chief Economic Advisor to the [[British Government]] [[File:Kevin Warwick.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Kevin Warwick]]]] * [[Nic Robertson]], Senior International Correspondent at [[CNN]] * [[Jeff Rooker, Baron Rooker]], Labour Peer<ref name="alumni"/> * [[Adam Ryland]], British programmer * [[Claire Curtis-Thomas]], [[British Labour Party]] politician and former [[Member of Parliament|MP]] * [[Gregor Townsend]] MBE, Scottish and British Lions Rugby Union Player<ref name="alumni"/> * [[Kate Walsh (presenter)|Kate Walsh]], Television presenter<ref name="alumni"/> * [[Robert Walter (politician)|Robert Walter]], Conservative [[Member of Parliament|MP]] * [[Kevin Warwick]], Professor of cybernetics and Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research) at [[Coventry University]] * [[Steve Wharton]], British academic * [[Salma Yaqoob]], Leader, and former vice-chairman, of [[Respect – The Unity Coalition]] ==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Other websites== {{commons category|Aston University}} * [http://www.aston.ac.uk/ Aston University website] * [https://studyonline.aston.ac.uk/ Aston University online programmes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422020524/https://studyonline.aston.ac.uk/ |date=2019-04-22 }} * [http://www.aston.ac.uk/union Aston Guild of Students] [[Category:Universities in England]] [[Category:1895 establishments in England]] 5evyidz0qopx46d7qxat5aw3vwxcbax 0 720081 10368302 8294199 2025-07-02T21:45:37Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Oron-la-Ville-coat of arms.svg]] → [[File:CHE Oron-la-Ville COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10368302 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Oron-la-Ville | image_photo = Oron-la-Ville, temple d'Oron.jpg | image_caption = Reformed church of Oron-la-Ville | municipality_name = Oron-la-Ville | municipality_type = former | imagepath_coa = CHE Oron-la-Ville COA.svg|pixel_coa= | map = Karte Gemeinde Oron-la-Ville.png | languages = French | canton = Vaud | iso-code-region = CH-VD | district = [[Lavaux-Oron (district)|Lavaux-Oron]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|34|N|6|50|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 1610 | municipality_code = 5793 | area = 3.11 | elevation = 631|elevation_description= | population = 1438|populationof=December 2010 | website = www.oron-la-ville.ch | mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = Oronais, Oronaises | neighboring_municipalities= [[Auboranges]] (FR), [[Chapelle (Glâne)]] (FR), [[Châtillens]], [[Les Tavernes]], [[Oron-le-Châtel]], [[Palézieux]], [[Rue, Switzerland|Rue]] (FR), [[Vuibroye]] | twintowns = [[Bussac-Forêt|Bussac]] (France) }} '''Oron-la-Ville''' was a [[municipality]] in [[Lavaux-Oron (district)|Lavaux-Oron]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Vaud]] in [[Switzerland]]. On 1 January 2012, the municipalities [[Bussigny-sur-Oron]], [[Châtillens]], [[Chesalles-sur-Oron]], [[Ecoteaux]], Oron-la-Ville, [[Oron-le-Châtel]], [[Palézieux]], [[Les Tavernes]], [[Les Thioleyres]] and [[Vuibroye]] joined together to become the new municipality called [[Oron, Switzerland|Oron]].<ref name=Fusion>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/03.html Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz] published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office {{in lang|de}} accessed 21 December 2011</ref> == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == {{commonscat-inline}} * [http://www.oron-la-ville.ch Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218044544/http://oron-la-ville.ch/ |date=2014-12-18 }} {{in lang|fr}} {{Switzerland-stub}} [[Category:Former municipalities of Vaud]] k7trr7jzhd215e412w8hwstth1550lk 0 720428 10368016 10360802 2025-07-02T17:55:47Z 186.227.220.209 10368016 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The Future Is Now, SNK logo.png|thumb|Original Logo of SNK]] {{nihongo|'''SNK Corporation'''|Japanese : 株式会社エス・エヌ・ケイ|Kabushiki-gaisha Esu・Enu・Kē}} is a well known developer of video games. They are famous for their [[The King Of Fighters|The King of Fighters]] series, [[Fatal Fury (series)|Fatal Fury]] series, [[Metal Slug (series)|Metal Slug]] series, [[Samurai Shodown]] series, [[Psycho Soldier]], [[Art of Fighting series|Art of Fighting]] series, and much more [[List of SNK video games|games]]. They were founded on July 22, 1978 as '''Shin Nihon Kikaku''' by [[Eikichi Kawasaki]] and began by developing [[coin-op]] games.<ref>{{Cite web|title=旧企業情報 – 株式会社 エス・エヌ・ケイ|date=23 June 1997|url=http://www.neogeo.co.jp/snkcom.htm|language=Japanese|publisher=SNK|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970623210425/http://www.neogeo.co.jp/snkcom.htm|access-date=2 July 2025|archive-date=23 June 1997}}</ref> In March 1988, SNK staff moved to a building in [[Suita]], [[Osaka]], [[Japan]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Andersen|first=John|title=Photos of SNK's headquarters in Esaka (Suita, Ōsaka)|date=28 November 2019|url=https://x.com/JohnAndersen21/status/1200087292909621248/|publisher=X (Twitter)|access-date=18 March 2025}}</ref> SNK would end up declaring bankruptcy on October 30, 2001.<ref name="snkforever">{{Cite web|title=SNK FOR EVER|date=29 October 2001|url=http://www.neogeo.co.jp/bye_index.html|publisher=SNK|access-date=25 March 2025}}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="snkgoodbye">[http://www.himajin.net/diary/p.php3?118/1100#45259 うろうろ"牛歩"日記]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SNKフォーエバー|date=29 October 2001|url=http://www.personal.triticom.com/~erm/www.neogeo.co.jp/bye_index.html|publisher=エス・エヌ・ケイ|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020602104927/http://www.personal.triticom.com/~erm/www.neogeo.co.jp/bye_index.html|access-date=20 February 2025|archive-date=2 June 2002}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SNKが大阪地裁から破産宣告|date=2 November 2001|url=http://www.zdnet.co.jp/gamespot/gsnews/0111/02/news12.html|language=Japanese|publisher=ZDNet JAPAN|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011119190840/http://www.zdnet.co.jp/gamespot/gsnews/0111/02/news12.html|access-date=25 March 2025|archive-date=19 November 2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=アルゼがSNK株主より損害賠償請求|date=2 November 2001|url=http://www.gpara.com/news/01/11/news200111020001_et.htm|language=Japanese|publisher=ジーパラドットコム|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011224050613/http://www.gpara.com/news/01/11/news200111020001_et.htm|access-date=26 March 2025|archive-date=24 December 2001}}</ref> After bankruptcy proceedings began, SNK-related rights were auctioned off, and Playmore, a former affiliate company (later SNK Playmore → second generation SNK), won the bid. Currently, the company is still announcing sequels to some of SNK's works. Three Neo Geo Land stores near Esaka Station continued to operate even after SNK went bankrupt, but all of them were closed by 2005 due to a review of SNK Playmore's operations. Most of the site has been demolished and is now used as a parking lot, but only the site (building) of the second Esaka store remains, and is occupied by tenants. SNK Playmore is headquartered in Suita City, the same city as the old company, and in 2016 changed its name to "[[SNK (2001–present)|SNK Corporation]]", the same as the old company. == Message == SNK, the developer and inventor of the NeoGeo, are now out of business. On their [http://www.neogeo.co.jp/bye_index.html ''website'']{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, the SNK team says goodbye and thanks all SNK fans. SNK had been supplying arcades with titles like Ikari Warriors and Prehistoric Isle since 1978, long before the NeoGeo. Today, Monday (October 29, 2001), which will probably go down in NeoGeo history as Black Monday, marks the end of the SNK era after 23 years.<ref>{{Cite web|title=DADDEL KINGZ NEO GEO NEWS|date=29 October 2001|url=http://daddelkingz.de/news.html|publisher=DADDEL KINGZ|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011205182750/http://daddelkingz.de/news.html|access-date=20 February 2025|archive-date=5 December 2001}}</ref> As a final gimmick, SNK is offering a wallpaper for download on their website, as a kind of farewell gift for fans.<ref name="snkforever" /> Since the website is a bit overwhelmed at the moment, you can also ''download'' It from us and SNK's message to all its fans:<ref name="snkforever" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Official Farewell Messages by SNK|url=https://kingkof.tripod.com/snk_farewell_message.htm|publisher=kingkof.tripod.com|access-date=20 February 2025}}</ref><ref name="snkgoodbye" /> {{Quote| '''２００１年秋、ＳＮＫはその歴史の幕を閉じます。私たちが、ゲームづくりに情熱を燃やし続けてこれたのは、ひとえに皆さんの熱い支持と叱咤激励のおかげです。長い間のご愛顧とご支援、本当にありがとうございました！''' '''Dear ALL NEOGEO fans/customers,''' It is with deepest grief that In the Autumm of 2001, SNK will close the company history in its business. It was all of your favor and encouragement which made our passion running to make better games for SNK fans. We'd like to take this opportunity to thank and everyone of you for your continuous help and assistance rendered to SNK since its inocorporation in Japan July in 1978. Without your support, SNK Corporaton would not have been possible throughout 23 yers of operation. With all out heart-felt gratitude, thank you once again！ }} == References == {{Reflist}} {{Video-game-stub}} [[Category:SNK| ]] [[Category:Video game companies of Japan]] [[Category:1978 establishments in Japan]] [[Category:2001 disestablishments]] [[Category:2000s disestablishments in Japan]] krbyqdxlk7rpyu4ocoohp7a9m17t68i 10368030 10368016 2025-07-02T18:11:47Z 186.227.220.209 10368030 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The Future Is Now, SNK logo.png|thumb|Original Logo of SNK]] {{nihongo|'''SNK Corporation'''|Japanese : 株式会社エス・エヌ・ケイ|Kabushiki-gaisha Esu・Enu・Kē}} is a well known developer of video games. They are famous for their [[The King Of Fighters|The King of Fighters]] series, [[Fatal Fury (series)|Fatal Fury]] series, [[Metal Slug (series)|Metal Slug]] series, [[Samurai Shodown]] series, [[Psycho Soldier]], [[Art of Fighting series|Art of Fighting]] series, and much more [[List of SNK video games|games]]. They were founded on July 22, 1978 as '''Shin Nihon Kikaku''' by [[Eikichi Kawasaki]] and began by developing [[coin-op]] games.<ref>{{Cite web|title=旧企業情報 – 株式会社 エス・エヌ・ケイ|date=23 June 1997|url=http://www.neogeo.co.jp/snkcom.htm|language=Japanese|publisher=SNK|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970623210425/http://www.neogeo.co.jp/snkcom.htm|access-date=2 July 2025|archive-date=23 June 1997}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=株式会社ＳＮＫ 会社案内|url=https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.neogeo.co.jp/introduction/company.html|publisher=[[Internet Archive]]|access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref> In March 1988, SNK staff moved to a building in [[Suita]], [[Osaka]], [[Japan]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Andersen|first=John|title=Photos of SNK's headquarters in Esaka (Suita, Ōsaka)|date=28 November 2019|url=https://x.com/JohnAndersen21/status/1200087292909621248/|publisher=X (Twitter)|access-date=18 March 2025}}</ref> SNK would end up declaring bankruptcy on October 30, 2001.<ref name="snkforever">{{Cite web|title=SNK FOR EVER|date=29 October 2001|url=http://www.neogeo.co.jp/bye_index.html|publisher=SNK|access-date=25 March 2025}}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="snkgoodbye">[http://www.himajin.net/diary/p.php3?118/1100#45259 うろうろ"牛歩"日記]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SNKフォーエバー|date=29 October 2001|url=http://www.personal.triticom.com/~erm/www.neogeo.co.jp/bye_index.html|publisher=エス・エヌ・ケイ|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020602104927/http://www.personal.triticom.com/~erm/www.neogeo.co.jp/bye_index.html|access-date=20 February 2025|archive-date=2 June 2002}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SNKが大阪地裁から破産宣告|date=2 November 2001|url=http://www.zdnet.co.jp/gamespot/gsnews/0111/02/news12.html|language=Japanese|publisher=ZDNet JAPAN|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011119190840/http://www.zdnet.co.jp/gamespot/gsnews/0111/02/news12.html|access-date=25 March 2025|archive-date=19 November 2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=アルゼがSNK株主より損害賠償請求|date=2 November 2001|url=http://www.gpara.com/news/01/11/news200111020001_et.htm|language=Japanese|publisher=ジーパラドットコム|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011224050613/http://www.gpara.com/news/01/11/news200111020001_et.htm|access-date=26 March 2025|archive-date=24 December 2001}}</ref> After bankruptcy proceedings began, SNK-related rights were auctioned off, and Playmore, a former affiliate company (later SNK Playmore → second generation SNK), won the bid. Currently, the company is still announcing sequels to some of SNK's works. Three Neo Geo Land stores near Esaka Station continued to operate even after SNK went bankrupt, but all of them were closed by 2005 due to a review of SNK Playmore's operations. Most of the site has been demolished and is now used as a parking lot, but only the site (building) of the second Esaka store remains, and is occupied by tenants. SNK Playmore is headquartered in Suita City, the same city as the old company, and in 2016 changed its name to "[[SNK (2001–present)|SNK Corporation]]", the same as the old company. == Message == SNK, the developer and inventor of the NeoGeo, are now out of business. On their [http://www.neogeo.co.jp/bye_index.html ''website'']{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, the SNK team says goodbye and thanks all SNK fans. SNK had been supplying arcades with titles like Ikari Warriors and Prehistoric Isle since 1978, long before the NeoGeo. Today, Monday (October 29, 2001), which will probably go down in NeoGeo history as Black Monday, marks the end of the SNK era after 23 years.<ref>{{Cite web|title=DADDEL KINGZ NEO GEO NEWS|date=29 October 2001|url=http://daddelkingz.de/news.html|publisher=DADDEL KINGZ|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011205182750/http://daddelkingz.de/news.html|access-date=20 February 2025|archive-date=5 December 2001}}</ref> As a final gimmick, SNK is offering a wallpaper for download on their website, as a kind of farewell gift for fans.<ref name="snkforever" /> Since the website is a bit overwhelmed at the moment, you can also ''download'' It from us and SNK's message to all its fans:<ref name="snkforever" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Official Farewell Messages by SNK|url=https://kingkof.tripod.com/snk_farewell_message.htm|publisher=kingkof.tripod.com|access-date=20 February 2025}}</ref><ref name="snkgoodbye" /> {{Quote| '''２００１年秋、ＳＮＫはその歴史の幕を閉じます。私たちが、ゲームづくりに情熱を燃やし続けてこれたのは、ひとえに皆さんの熱い支持と叱咤激励のおかげです。長い間のご愛顧とご支援、本当にありがとうございました！''' '''Dear ALL NEOGEO fans/customers,''' It is with deepest grief that In the Autumm of 2001, SNK will close the company history in its business. It was all of your favor and encouragement which made our passion running to make better games for SNK fans. We'd like to take this opportunity to thank and everyone of you for your continuous help and assistance rendered to SNK since its inocorporation in Japan July in 1978. Without your support, SNK Corporaton would not have been possible throughout 23 yers of operation. With all out heart-felt gratitude, thank you once again！ }} == References == {{Reflist}} {{Video-game-stub}} [[Category:SNK| ]] [[Category:Video game companies of Japan]] [[Category:1978 establishments in Japan]] [[Category:2001 disestablishments]] [[Category:2000s disestablishments in Japan]] bajjh4sylf4j3ogh8ujd57qlshvqqp1 10368076 10368030 2025-07-02T18:28:30Z 186.227.220.209 10368076 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The Future Is Now, SNK logo.png|thumb|Original Logo of SNK]] {{nihongo|'''SNK Corporation'''|Japanese : 株式会社エス・エヌ・ケイ|Kabushiki-gaisha Esu・Enu・Kē}}<ref name="エス・エヌ・ケイ">{{Cite web|title=旧企業情報 – 株式会社 エス・エヌ・ケイ|date=23 June 1997|url=http://www.neogeo.co.jp/snkcom.htm|language=Japanese|publisher=SNK|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970623210425/http://www.neogeo.co.jp/snkcom.htm|access-date=2 July 2025|archive-date=23 June 1997}}</ref> is a well known developer of video games. They are famous for their [[The King Of Fighters|The King of Fighters]] series, [[Fatal Fury (series)|Fatal Fury]] series, [[Metal Slug (series)|Metal Slug]] series, [[Samurai Shodown]] series, [[Psycho Soldier]], [[Art of Fighting series|Art of Fighting]] series, and much more [[List of SNK video games|games]]. They were founded on July 22, 1978 as '''Shin Nihon Kikaku''' by [[Eikichi Kawasaki]] and began by developing [[coin-op]] games.<ref name="エス・エヌ・ケイ" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=株式会社ＳＮＫ 会社案内|url=https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.neogeo.co.jp/introduction/company.html|publisher=[[Internet Archive]]|access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref> In March 1988, SNK staff moved to a building in [[Suita]], [[Osaka]], [[Japan]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Andersen|first=John|title=Photos of SNK's headquarters in Esaka (Suita, Ōsaka)|date=28 November 2019|url=https://x.com/JohnAndersen21/status/1200087292909621248/|publisher=X (Twitter)|access-date=18 March 2025}}</ref> SNK would end up declaring bankruptcy on October 30, 2001.<ref name="snkforever">{{Cite web|title=SNK FOR EVER|date=29 October 2001|url=http://www.neogeo.co.jp/bye_index.html|publisher=SNK|access-date=25 March 2025}}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="snkgoodbye">[http://www.himajin.net/diary/p.php3?118/1100#45259 うろうろ"牛歩"日記]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SNKフォーエバー|date=29 October 2001|url=http://www.personal.triticom.com/~erm/www.neogeo.co.jp/bye_index.html|publisher=エス・エヌ・ケイ|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020602104927/http://www.personal.triticom.com/~erm/www.neogeo.co.jp/bye_index.html|access-date=20 February 2025|archive-date=2 June 2002}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SNKが大阪地裁から破産宣告|date=2 November 2001|url=http://www.zdnet.co.jp/gamespot/gsnews/0111/02/news12.html|language=Japanese|publisher=ZDNet JAPAN|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011119190840/http://www.zdnet.co.jp/gamespot/gsnews/0111/02/news12.html|access-date=25 March 2025|archive-date=19 November 2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=アルゼがSNK株主より損害賠償請求|date=2 November 2001|url=http://www.gpara.com/news/01/11/news200111020001_et.htm|language=Japanese|publisher=ジーパラドットコム|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011224050613/http://www.gpara.com/news/01/11/news200111020001_et.htm|access-date=26 March 2025|archive-date=24 December 2001}}</ref> After bankruptcy proceedings began, SNK-related rights were auctioned off, and Playmore, a former affiliate company (later SNK Playmore → second generation SNK), won the bid. Currently, the company is still announcing sequels to some of SNK's works. Three Neo Geo Land stores near Esaka Station continued to operate even after SNK went bankrupt, but all of them were closed by 2005 due to a review of SNK Playmore's operations. Most of the site has been demolished and is now used as a parking lot, but only the site (building) of the second Esaka store remains, and is occupied by tenants. SNK Playmore is headquartered in Suita City, the same city as the old company, and in 2016 changed its name to "[[SNK (2001–present)|SNK Corporation]]", the same as the old company. == Message == SNK, the developer and inventor of the NeoGeo, are now out of business. On their [http://www.neogeo.co.jp/bye_index.html ''website'']{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, the SNK team says goodbye and thanks all SNK fans. SNK had been supplying arcades with titles like Ikari Warriors and Prehistoric Isle since 1978, long before the NeoGeo. Today, Monday (October 29, 2001), which will probably go down in NeoGeo history as Black Monday, marks the end of the SNK era after 23 years.<ref>{{Cite web|title=DADDEL KINGZ NEO GEO NEWS|date=29 October 2001|url=http://daddelkingz.de/news.html|publisher=DADDEL KINGZ|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011205182750/http://daddelkingz.de/news.html|access-date=20 February 2025|archive-date=5 December 2001}}</ref> As a final gimmick, SNK is offering a wallpaper for download on their website, as a kind of farewell gift for fans.<ref name="snkforever" /> Since the website is a bit overwhelmed at the moment, you can also ''download'' It from us and SNK's message to all its fans:<ref name="snkforever" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Official Farewell Messages by SNK|url=https://kingkof.tripod.com/snk_farewell_message.htm|publisher=kingkof.tripod.com|access-date=20 February 2025}}</ref><ref name="snkgoodbye" /> {{Quote| '''２００１年秋、ＳＮＫはその歴史の幕を閉じます。私たちが、ゲームづくりに情熱を燃やし続けてこれたのは、ひとえに皆さんの熱い支持と叱咤激励のおかげです。長い間のご愛顧とご支援、本当にありがとうございました！''' '''Dear ALL NEOGEO fans/customers,''' It is with deepest grief that In the Autumm of 2001, SNK will close the company history in its business. It was all of your favor and encouragement which made our passion running to make better games for SNK fans. We'd like to take this opportunity to thank and everyone of you for your continuous help and assistance rendered to SNK since its inocorporation in Japan July in 1978. Without your support, SNK Corporaton would not have been possible throughout 23 yers of operation. With all out heart-felt gratitude, thank you once again！ }} == References == {{Reflist}} {{Video-game-stub}} [[Category:SNK| ]] [[Category:Video game companies of Japan]] [[Category:1978 establishments in Japan]] [[Category:2001 disestablishments]] [[Category:2000s disestablishments in Japan]] 1a9wgq3id90sxux7mo71i1wzjw5i6bo 10368092 10368076 2025-07-02T18:50:18Z 186.227.220.209 10368092 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The Future Is Now, SNK logo.png|thumb|Original Logo of SNK]] {{nihongo|'''SNK Corporation'''|Japanese : 株式会社エス・エヌ・ケイ|Kabushiki-gaisha Esu・Enu・Kē}}<ref name="エス・エヌ・ケイ">{{Cite web|title=旧企業情報 – 株式会社 エス・エヌ・ケイ|date=23 June 1997|url=http://www.neogeo.co.jp/snkcom.htm|language=Japanese|publisher=SNK|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970623210425/http://www.neogeo.co.jp/snkcom.htm|access-date=2 July 2025|archive-date=23 June 1997}}</ref><ref name="会社概要">{{Cite web|title=株式会社ＳＮＫ 会社案内|url=https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.neogeo.co.jp/introduction/company.html|publisher=[[Internet Archive]]|access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref> is a well known developer of video games. They are famous for their [[The King Of Fighters|The King of Fighters]] series, [[Fatal Fury (series)|Fatal Fury]] series, [[Metal Slug (series)|Metal Slug]] series, [[Samurai Shodown]] series, [[Psycho Soldier]], [[Art of Fighting series|Art of Fighting]] series, and much more [[List of SNK video games|games]]. They were founded on July 22, 1978 as '''Shin Nihon Kikaku''' by [[Eikichi Kawasaki]] and began by developing [[coin-op]] games.<ref name="エス・エヌ・ケイ" /><ref name="会社概要" /> In March 1988, SNK staff moved to a building in [[Suita]], [[Osaka]], [[Japan]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Andersen|first=John|title=Photos of SNK's headquarters in Esaka (Suita, Ōsaka)|date=28 November 2019|url=https://x.com/JohnAndersen21/status/1200087292909621248/|publisher=X (Twitter)|access-date=18 March 2025}}</ref> SNK would end up declaring bankruptcy on October 30, 2001.<ref name="snkforever">{{Cite web|title=SNK FOR EVER|date=29 October 2001|url=http://www.neogeo.co.jp/bye_index.html|publisher=SNK|access-date=25 March 2025}}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="snkgoodbye">[http://www.himajin.net/diary/p.php3?118/1100#45259 うろうろ"牛歩"日記]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SNKフォーエバー|date=29 October 2001|url=http://www.personal.triticom.com/~erm/www.neogeo.co.jp/bye_index.html|publisher=エス・エヌ・ケイ|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020602104927/http://www.personal.triticom.com/~erm/www.neogeo.co.jp/bye_index.html|access-date=20 February 2025|archive-date=2 June 2002}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SNKが大阪地裁から破産宣告|date=2 November 2001|url=http://www.zdnet.co.jp/gamespot/gsnews/0111/02/news12.html|language=Japanese|publisher=ZDNet JAPAN|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011119190840/http://www.zdnet.co.jp/gamespot/gsnews/0111/02/news12.html|access-date=25 March 2025|archive-date=19 November 2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=アルゼがSNK株主より損害賠償請求|date=2 November 2001|url=http://www.gpara.com/news/01/11/news200111020001_et.htm|language=Japanese|publisher=ジーパラドットコム|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011224050613/http://www.gpara.com/news/01/11/news200111020001_et.htm|access-date=26 March 2025|archive-date=24 December 2001}}</ref> After bankruptcy proceedings began, SNK-related rights were auctioned off, and Playmore, a former affiliate company (later SNK Playmore → second generation SNK), won the bid. Currently, the company is still announcing sequels to some of SNK's works. Three Neo Geo Land stores near Esaka Station continued to operate even after SNK went bankrupt, but all of them were closed by 2005 due to a review of SNK Playmore's operations. Most of the site has been demolished and is now used as a parking lot, but only the site (building) of the second Esaka store remains, and is occupied by tenants. SNK Playmore is headquartered in Suita City, the same city as the old company, and in 2016 changed its name to "[[SNK (2001–present)|SNK Corporation]]", the same as the old company. == Message == SNK, the developer and inventor of the NeoGeo, are now out of business. On their [http://www.neogeo.co.jp/bye_index.html ''website'']{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, the SNK team says goodbye and thanks all SNK fans. SNK had been supplying arcades with titles like Ikari Warriors and Prehistoric Isle since 1978, long before the NeoGeo. Today, Monday (October 29, 2001), which will probably go down in NeoGeo history as Black Monday, marks the end of the SNK era after 23 years.<ref>{{Cite web|title=DADDEL KINGZ NEO GEO NEWS|date=29 October 2001|url=http://daddelkingz.de/news.html|publisher=DADDEL KINGZ|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011205182750/http://daddelkingz.de/news.html|access-date=20 February 2025|archive-date=5 December 2001}}</ref> As a final gimmick, SNK is offering a wallpaper for download on their website, as a kind of farewell gift for fans.<ref name="snkforever" /> Since the website is a bit overwhelmed at the moment, you can also ''download'' It from us and SNK's message to all its fans:<ref name="snkforever" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Official Farewell Messages by SNK|url=https://kingkof.tripod.com/snk_farewell_message.htm|publisher=kingkof.tripod.com|access-date=20 February 2025}}</ref><ref name="snkgoodbye" /> {{Quote| '''２００１年秋、ＳＮＫはその歴史の幕を閉じます。私たちが、ゲームづくりに情熱を燃やし続けてこれたのは、ひとえに皆さんの熱い支持と叱咤激励のおかげです。長い間のご愛顧とご支援、本当にありがとうございました！''' '''Dear ALL NEOGEO fans/customers,''' It is with deepest grief that In the Autumm of 2001, SNK will close the company history in its business. It was all of your favor and encouragement which made our passion running to make better games for SNK fans. We'd like to take this opportunity to thank and everyone of you for your continuous help and assistance rendered to SNK since its inocorporation in Japan July in 1978. Without your support, SNK Corporaton would not have been possible throughout 23 yers of operation. With all out heart-felt gratitude, thank you once again！ }} == References == {{Reflist}} {{Video-game-stub}} [[Category:SNK| ]] [[Category:Video game companies of Japan]] [[Category:1978 establishments in Japan]] [[Category:2001 disestablishments]] [[Category:2000s disestablishments in Japan]] afef5cf7suzqwe3xf9mgxibja8ylow6 0 720679 10368574 10118571 2025-07-03T00:24:37Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* History */ Typo: duplication 10368574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Oswego, Kansas |settlement_type = [[City]] and [[County seat]] <!-- Images --> |image_skyline = Oswego, KS public library funded by Andrew Carnegie..jpg |image_caption = [[Oswego Public Library|Oswego Carnegie Library]] (2013) |image_flag = |image_seal = <!-- Maps --> |image_map = Labette_County_Kansas_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Oswego_Highlighted.svg |map_caption = Location within [[Labette County, Kansas|Labette County]] and [[Kansas]] |image_map1 = Map of Labette Co, Ks, USA.png |map_caption1 = [[Kansas Department of Transportation|KDOT]] map of [[Labette County, Kansas|Labette County]] ([[:File:Kansas official transportation map legend.png|legend]]) <!-- Location --> |coordinates_footnotes = <ref name="GNIS"/> |coordinates = {{coord|37|10|4|N|95|6|34|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}} |subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] |subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] |subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Kansas|County]] |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_name1 = [[Kansas]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Labette County, Kansas|Labette]] |subdivision_type3 = [[List of townships in Kansas|Township]] |subdivision_name3 = <!-- Established --> |established_title = Founded |established_date = 1865 |established_title1 = [[Platted]] |established_date1 = |established_title2 = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]] |established_date2 = 1867 |named_for = [[Oswego, New York]] <!-- Government --> |government_type = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–Council]] |leader_title = [[Mayor]] |leader_name = <!-- Area --> |area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020"/> |area_total_sq_mi = 2.47 |area_land_sq_mi = 2.41 |area_water_sq_mi = 0.06 |area_total_km2 = 6.40 |area_land_km2 = 6.24 |area_water_km2 = 0.17 |unit_pref = Imperial <!-- Elevation --> |elevation_footnotes = <ref name="GNIS"/> |elevation_ft = 912 <!-- Population --> |population_footnotes = <ref name="DP1"/> |population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]] |population_total = 1668 |pop_est_footnotes = |pop_est_as_of = |population_est = |population_density_sq_mi = auto |population_density_km2 = auto <!-- General information --> |timezone = [[Central Time Zone|CST]] |utc_offset = -6 |timezone_DST = CDT |utc_offset_DST = -5 |postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]] |postal_code = 67356 |area_code_type = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]] |area_code = [[Area code 620|620]] |blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]] |blank_info = 20-53450 <ref name="GNIS"/> |blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS ID]] |blank1_info = 469468 <ref name="GNIS">{{cite gnis2|469468|Oswego, Kansas}}</ref> |website = {{URL|https://www.oswegokansas.com/|oswegokansas.com}} }} '''Oswego''' is a city in [[Labette County, Kansas|Labette County]], [[Kansas]], United States,<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|access-date=2011-06-07|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}}</ref> and situated along the [[Neosho River]]. It is also the [[county seat]] of Labette County. In [[2020 United States Census|2020]], 1,668 people lived there.<ref name="DP1"/> ==History== The first newspaper was the ''Oswego Register''. It was created in 1868 by E.R. Trask. The first church was the Congregational, which was created in May 1868. The Presbyterian church was created in July 1868. The first school was created in 1867. The public library association was created in 1877. It still exists as [[Oswego Public Library (Kansas)|Oswego Public Library]], which is a [[Carnegie Library]]. The telephone system was put in operation in 1882; the waterworks in 1887; and the first electric lights were turned on July 12, 1888. The lights were turned off a few months later.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia| editor=Frank W. Blackmar| title=Oswego| url=http://www.skyways.org/genweb/archives/1912/o/oswego.html| encyclopedia=Kansas: a cyclopedia of state history, embracing events, institutions, industries, counties, cities, towns, prominent persons, etc ...| volume=II| publisher=Standard Pub Co| location=Chicago| year=1912| pages=420–422| access-date=2019-11-06| archive-date=2012-02-04| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204051015/http://www.skyways.org/genweb/archives/1912/o/oswego.html| url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2011, the City Council voted to [[annex]] the [[Oswego Municipal Airport]] into the city limits. This made Oswego be in neighboring [[Cherokee County, Kansas|Cherokee County]]. ==Geography== Oswego isat {{coord|37|10|4|N|95|6|34|W|type:city}} (37.167728, -95.109453).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> The city is about {{convert|12|mi|km}} north of the [[Oklahoma]] state line and {{convert|30|mi|km}} west of the [[Missouri]] line. It is along the southern bluffs, overlooking the [[Neosho River]] valley. It is at the junction of [[U.S. Route 59]] and [[U.S. Route 160]]. The [[United States Census Bureau]] says that the city has a total area of {{convert|2.47|sqmi|sqkm|2}}. Of that, {{convert|2.41|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.06|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_20.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=November 29, 2023}}</ref> ===Climate=== Oswego has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system says that Oswego has a [[humid subtropical climate]], abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=511641&cityname=Oswego%2C+Kansas%2C+United+States+of+America&units= Climate Summary for Oswego, Kansas]</ref> ==People== {{US Census population |align=left |1870= 1196 |1880= 2531 |1890= 2574 |1900= 2208 |1910= 2317 |1920= 2386 |1930= 1845 |1940= 1953 |1950= 1997 |1960= 2027 |1970= 2200 |1980= 2218 |1990= 1870 |2000= 2046 |2010= 1829 |2020= 1668 |estyear= |estimate= |estref= |align-fn=center |footnote=[https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html U.S. Decennial Census] }} ===2020 census=== The 2020 [[census]] says that there were 1,668 people, 678 households, and 427 families living in Oswego. Of the households, 68.4% owned their home and 31.6% rented their home. The median age was 42.3 years. Of the people, 86.4% were [[White Americans|White]], 2.6% were [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]], 1.6% were [[African Americans|Black]], 0.2% were [[Pacific Islanders]], 0.1% were [[Asian Americans|Asian]], 1.1% were from some other race, and 7.9% were two or more races. [[Hispanic]] or [[Latino]] of any race were 4.0% of the people.<ref name="DP1">{{cite web|title=DP1: PROFILE OF GENERAL POPULATION AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS|url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALDP2020.DP1?g=160XX00US2053450|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=November 29, 2023}}</ref><ref name="P16">{{cite web|title=P16: HOUSEHOLD TYPE|url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALDHC2020.P16?g=160XX00US2053450|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 2, 2024}}</ref> ===2010 census=== The 2010 [[census]] says that there were 1,829 people, 763 households, and 476 families living in Oswego.<ref name ="FactFinder">{{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2012-07-06}}</ref> ==Education== ===Schools=== The [[Oswego USD 504|Oswego-Service Valley Unified School District 504]] serves Oswego.<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://www.greatschools.net/cgi-bin/ks/district_profile/228| title=Oswego schools| access-date=2006-07-07| publisher=GreatSchools.net}}</ref> ===Libraries=== Oswego is served by the [[Oswego Public Library (Kansas)|Oswego Public Library]] (OPL), which is a [[Carnegie Library]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BYvzy0LMr30C&pg=PA17 | title=Labette County | publisher=Arcadia Publishing |author1=Brotherton, Mike |author2=Mattox, David |name-list-style=amp | year=2011 | pages=17| isbn=9780738582924 }}</ref> OPL has a big collection of books, [[DVD]]s, periodicals, audio books, and videos. Internet access is also available through the use of computers or the Library's free [[Wi-Fi]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://oswego.mykansaslibrary.org/?page_id=4 | title=Policies | publisher=Oswego Public Library | access-date=12 June 2014 | archive-date=15 July 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715025812/http://oswego.mykansaslibrary.org/?page_id=4 | url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Media== ''Labette Avenue'' is a weekly [[newspaper]] that covers mostly local stories and events. ''Labette Avenue'' is based in Oswego and serves the rural areas of [[Labette County, Kansas|Labette County]], [[Kansas]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.taylornews.org/lba/who-we-are/ |title=Who We Are : Labette Avenue |access-date=2019-11-06 |archive-date=2011-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824192128/http://www.taylornews.org/lba/who-we-are/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The ''Parsons Sun'', a newspaper published every day in [[Parsons, Kansas|Parsons]], also covers Oswego. The nearest major newspaper is the [[Joplin Globe]]. Oswego is in the [[Joplin, Missouri|Joplin]], [[Missouri]]/[[Pittsburg, Kansas|Pittsburg]], [[Kansas]] broadcast market area. It gets most its television and radio signals from those two cities. [[KGGF (AM)|KGGF 690 AM Coffeyville]] covers SE Kansas and Broadcasts from its tower site in Mound Valley. ==Related pages== * [[Great Flood of 1951]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category|Oswego, Kansas}} ;City * [http://www.OswegoKansas.com/ City of Oswego] * [http://www.lkm.org/directory/cities.php?ID=43 Oswego - Directory of Public Officials] ;Schools * [http://usd504.org/ USD 504], local school district ;Newspapers * [http://taylornews.org Taylor Newspaper] ;Historical * [http://oswegohistory.org Oswego Historical Society and Genealogical Department] ;Maps * [http://www.ksdot.org/Assets/wwwksdotorg/bureaus/burTransPlan/maps/city-pdf/Oswego.pdf Oswego City Map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504172944/http://www.ksdot.org/Assets/wwwksdotorg/bureaus/burTransPlan/maps/city-pdf/oswego.pdf |date=2020-05-04 }}, KDOT {{Labette County, Kansas}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Cities in Labette County, Kansas]] [[Category:County seats in Kansas]] [[Category:1867 establishments in Kansas]] qbz1pn73v4ztr0l4j44hu4tpiy5cgmm 0 722006 10368717 10339009 2025-07-03T02:18:32Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10368717 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Anton Körberrg | image= Anton Körberg.jpg | caption = Anton Körberg (2012) | birthname = Dan Fabian Anton Körberg | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1977|09|19|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Stockholm]], Sweden | death_date = | death_place = | education = | occupation = | alias = | title = | family = | spouse = | domesticpartner = | children = | relatives = | salary = | networth = | credits = | agent = }} '''Dan ''Anton'' Fabian Körberg''', (born 19 September 1977) is a [[Sweden|Swedish]] television presenter, musician and actor. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/gPm9ML|title=Tommy Körberg om relationen till sonen Anton: "Det gör fortfarande ont"|website=Aftonbladet|access-date=13 November 2019}}</ref> He is the son of [[Tommy Körberg]] och [[Anki Lidén]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/a2oypE|title=Körberg om sorgen efter Avicii: "Var inte tillfreds med livet"|website=Aftonbladet|access-date=13 November 2019}}</ref> He is also the half-brother of musician [[Avicii]].<ref name="auto"/> He played the character ''Adam Frick'' in the TV-series ''[[Vita lögner]]'' (1997–1998) broadcasted on [[TV3]], he has presented the [[game show]] ”Pussel” broadcasted on [[TV4]], and the comedy clip show ”All världens reklam” broadcasted on [[TV11]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/oRWjbm|title=Anton Körberg gör debut i "Pussel"|website=Aftonbladet|access-date=13 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.resume.se/alla-nyheter/nyheter/motigt-for-anton-korberg/|title=Motigt för Anton Körberg|website=Resume|access-date=13 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/ddL1XX|title=Vita lögner - så gick det sen|website=Aftonbladet|access-date=13 November 2019}}</ref> He has also acted in the TV-series ''Karatefylla'' broadcasted on [[TV6]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/ngMo0d|title=Anton Körberg tystnar i morgonradio|website=Aftonbladet|access-date=13 November 2019}}</ref> Körberg plays the drums in the [[country rock]] band "Boots On" and also the [[band]] ''Roxie 77''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/5Vblgb|title=Han krossade foten – efter vredesutbrott|website=Aftonbladet|access-date=13 November 2019}}</ref> Between 2009 and 2015, he was the [[presenter]] of the morning show ''Morronrock'' on the radio station Rockklassiker. As a voice actor he made the Swedish voices for the character Spitelout Jorgenson in [[How to Train Your Dragon]] (2010), and P.H. in the movie [[Hop]] (2011).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tv.nu/medverkande/anton-korberg|title=Filmer och serier med Anton Körberg|website=tv.nu|access-date=13 November 2019|archive-date=17 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117012542/https://www.tv.nu/medverkande/anton-korberg|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==References== <references /> == Other websites == {{Commonscat-inline|Anton Körberg}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Körberg, Anton}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:1977 births]] [[Category:Swedish actors]] {{biography-stub}} qaezgib5pa323rbpf9cb8el9tvo1sb2 0 722474 10368319 8286860 2025-07-02T21:53:07Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Colombier-coat of arms.svg]] → [[File:CHE Colombier VD COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10368319 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Colombier | image_photo = Colombier.jpeg | image_caption = Colombier | municipality_name = Colombier | municipality_type = former | imagepath_coa = CHE Colombier VD COA.svg|pixel_coa= | map = Karte Gemeinde Colombier.png | languages = French | canton = Vaud | iso-code-region = CH-VD | district = [[Morges (district)|Morges]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|33|N|06|28|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 1114 | municipality_code = 5630 | area = 5.3 | elevation = 517|elevation_description= | population = 512|populationof=2009 | website = | mayor = Jean Pierre Tronchet|mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Apples, Vaud|Apples]], [[Clarmont]], [[Cottens, Vaud|Cottens]], [[Monnaz]], [[Saint-Saphorin-sur-Morges]], [[Sévery]], [[Vaux-sur-Morges]], [[Vullierens]] | twintowns = }} '''Colombier''' was a [[municipality]] in [[Morges (district)|Morges]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Vaud]] in [[Switzerland]]. On 1 July 2011, the municipalities Colombier, [[Monnaz]] and [[Saint-Saphorin-sur-Morges]] joined together to become a municipality called [[Echichens]].<ref name=Fusion>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/03.html Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz] published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office {{in lang|de}} accessed 17 February 2011</ref> == References == {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commonscat-inline}} {{Switzerland-stub}} [[Category:2011 disestablishments in Switzerland]] [[Category:Former municipalities of Vaud]] jj2t1iskey5gcp8fuhkmzcq697pqoom 0 724507 10368887 10325873 2025-07-03T03:47:18Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368887 wikitext text/x-wiki [[image:Scott Island.jpg|thumb|200px|Scott island]] '''Scott Island''' In the [[Ross Sea]] [[Southern Ocean]],<ref>https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00288306.1982.10421508</ref> 505 kilometers (310 miles) northeast of Cape Adare, the northeastern tip of Victoria Land, Antarctica, lies a small island. It measures 565 meters (618 yards) in length from north to south and varies in width from 130 meters (140 yards) to 340 meters (370 yards), reaching a height of 54 meters (177 feet) and covering an area of 4 hectares (9.9 acres). The Hagits Pillar, a stack reaching 62 meters (203 feet) in height and 50 meters (55 yards) in diameter, resulting in an area of less than 0.2 hectares (0.5 acres), is located 250 meters (270 yards) west of the island. The island has two small coves with beaches, surrounded by steep cliffs on the rest of the island. One cove is located on the northeastern coast, and the other is opposite the Hagits Pillar on the western coast of the island. == Features == A notable feature of Scott Island is the Hagits Pillar, a rock stack located 250 meters (820 feet) west of the island. The pillar stands at a height of 62 meters (203 feet) and has a diameter of 50 meters (164 feet). == Climate == The climate of Scott Island is polar, with strong winds, low temperatures, and limited sunlight during the winter months. The island is surrounded by sea ice for much of the year, and the surrounding waters are home to a variety of marine life. == Research and exploration == Scott Island has been the subject of scientific research and exploration, with studies focusing on the island's geology, wildlife, and climate. The island's remote location and unique environment make it an important site for researchers seeking to understand the natural systems of Antarctica. == References == {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *[http://marineornithology.org/PDF/24/24_12.pdf Birds observed at Scott Island, Ross Sea, Antarctica] *Gerhard Wörner and Giovanni Orsi (1990). [https://web.archive.org/web/20090902210215/http://epic.awi.de/Publications/Polarforsch1990_2_5.pdf Volcanic observations on Scott Island in the Antarctic Ocean], ''Polarforschung'', 60 (2), 82–83. {{stub}} [[Category:Islands]] 83piz6dwf2kiaa8cm8a59m84tmnf4eb 0 724536 10368345 9392183 2025-07-02T22:08:51Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Cottens (VD)-coat of arms.svg]] → [[File:CHE Cottens VD COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10368345 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Cottens | municipality_name = Cottens | municipality_type = former | imagepath_coa = CHE Cottens VD COA.svg|pixel_coa= | map = Karte Gemeinde Cottens VD.png | languages = French | canton = Vaud | iso-code-region = CH-VD | district = [[Morges (district)|Morges]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|34|N|06|27|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 1116 | municipality_code = 5478 | area = 2.36 | elevation = 582|elevation_description= | population = 404|populationof=2004 | website = www.cottens.ch | mayor = François Delay|mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = Syndic |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = Lè Cotéru | neighboring_municipalities= [[Grancy]], [[Vullierens]], [[Colombier, Vaud|Colombier]], [[Sévery]], [[Pampigny]] | twintowns = }} '''Cottens''' was a [[municipality]] in [[Morges (district)|Morges]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Vaud]] in [[Switzerland]]. On 1 July 2021, the former municipalities of [[Apples, Vaud|Apples]], [[Bussy-Chardonney]], Cottens, [[Pampigny]], [[Reverolle]] and [[Sévery]] merged to form the new municipality of [[Hautemorges]].<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/03.html Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz] published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office {{in lang|DE}} accessed 16 August 2021</ref> == References == {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commonscat-inline}} {{Switzerland-stub}} [[Category:Former municipalities of Vaud]] at77fxrrpn6rh5pwmyvbt7fbs4yhx5r 0 724539 10368349 9392185 2025-07-02T22:15:03Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Pampigny-coat of arms.svg]] → [[File:CHE Pampigny COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10368349 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Pampigny | image_photo = Pampigny.jpg | image_caption = Pampigny | municipality_name = Pampigny | municipality_type = former | imagepath_coa = CHE Pampigny COA.svg|pixel_coa= | map = Karte Gemeinde Pampigny.png | languages = French | canton = Vaud | iso-code-region = CH-VD | district = [[Morges (district)|Morges]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|35|N|06|26|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 1142 | municipality_code = 5494 | area = 11.09 | elevation = 650|elevation_description= | population = 849|populationof=2003 | website = www.pampigny.ch | mayor = Eric Vuilleumier|mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = Syndic |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = Les Pampignolais | neighboring_municipalities= [[Apples, Vaud|Apples]], [[Chavannes-le-Veyron]], [[Cottens, Vaud|Cottens]], [[Grancy]], [[L'Isle, Switzerland|L'Isle]], [[Mauraz]], [[Mollens, Vaud|Mollens]], [[Montricher, Switzerland|Montricher]], [[Sévery]] | twintowns = }} '''Pampigny''' was a [[municipality]] in [[Morges (district)|Morges]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Vaud]] in [[Switzerland]]. On 1 July 2021, the former municipalities of [[Apples, Vaud|Apples]], [[Bussy-Chardonney]], [[Cottens, Vaud|Cottens]], Pampigny, [[Reverolle]] and [[Sévery]] merged to form the new municipality of [[Hautemorges]].<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/03.html Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz] published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office {{in lang|DE}} accessed 16 August 2021</ref> == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == {{commonscat-inline}} * [http://www.pampigny.ch Official website]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{in lang|fr}} {{Switzerland-stub}} [[Category:Former municipalities of Vaud]] 9hnv1axjv9idg4f3vvqgtuw66nfqeen 0 725758 10368362 9392193 2025-07-02T22:20:33Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Severy-coat of arms.svg]] → [[File:CHE Sévery COA.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 10368362 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:CHE Sévery COA.svg|thumb|90px|coat of arms]] '''Sévery''' was a [[municipality]] in [[Morges (district)|Morges]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Vaud]] in [[Switzerland]]. On 1 July 2021, the former municipalities of [[Apples, Vaud|Apples]], [[Bussy-Chardonney]], [[Cottens, Vaud|Cottens]], [[Pampigny]], [[Reverolle]] and Sévery merged to form the new municipality of [[Hautemorges]].<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/03.html Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz] published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office {{in lang|DE}} accessed 16 August 2021</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Switzerland-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Severy}} [[Category:Former municipalities of Vaud]] 1p1fzm01qzjnz2vffl5g1ipdwsciytc 0 727969 10367543 10363583 2025-07-02T11:59:12Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 10367543 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | image =File:KAS-Böhmer, Wolfgang-Bild-26353-3 (cropped).jpg | office = [[Minister President]] of [[Saxony-Anhalt]] | term_start = 16 May 2002 | term_end = 19 April 2011 | predecessor = [[Reinhard Höppner]] | successor = [[Reiner Haseloff]] | birth_date = {{birth date|1936|1|27|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Dürrhennersdorf]], [[Saxony]] | death_date = June 2025 (aged 89) | death_place = | alma_mater = [[Leipzig University]] }} '''Wolfgang Böhmer''' (27 January 1936 &ndash; June 2025) was a German politician ([[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]]). He was the 5th [[Minister-President]] of [[Saxony-Anhalt]] from 16 May 2002 to 19 April 2011. He was [[President of the German Bundesrat|President]] of the [[Bundesrat of Germany|Bundesrat]] in 2002/03. He was a critic of [[Angela Merkel]].<ref>Helmut Breuer and Ansgar Graw (January 10, 2002), [https://www.welt.de/print-welt/article367812/Ruettgers-NRW-CDU-fuer-Kandidatur-Merkels.html Rüttgers: NRW-CDU für Kandidatur Merkels] ''[[Die Welt]]''.</ref><ref>Desmond Butler (April 22, 2002), [https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/22/world/conservatives-surge-in-german-state-elections.html Conservatives Surge in German State Elections] ''[[New York Times]]''.</ref> Böhmer died in June 2025 at the age of 89.<ref>[https://www.mdr.de/nachrichten/sachsen-anhalt/landespolitik/wolfgang-boehmer-ministerpraesident-tot-100.html Langjähriger Ministerpräsident Wolfgang Böhmer ist tot] {{in lang|de}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bohmer, Wolfgang}} [[Category:1936 births]] [[Category:2025 deaths]] [[Category:Politicians from Saxony-Anhalt]] {{bio-stub}} 7xvmx7gs708sa18r5cguw91sml9vqie 10367554 10367543 2025-07-02T12:00:00Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 10367554 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | image =File:KAS-Böhmer, Wolfgang-Bild-26353-3 (cropped).jpg | office = [[Minister President]] of [[Saxony-Anhalt]] | term_start = 16 May 2002 | term_end = 19 April 2011 | predecessor = [[Reinhard Höppner]] | successor = [[Reiner Haseloff]] | birth_date = {{birth date|1936|1|27|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Dürrhennersdorf]], [[Saxony]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2025|6|25|1936|1|27|df=y}} | death_place = | alma_mater = [[Leipzig University]] }} '''Wolfgang Böhmer''' (27 January 1936 &ndash; 29 June 2025) was a German politician ([[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]]). He was the 5th [[Minister-President]] of [[Saxony-Anhalt]] from 16 May 2002 to 19 April 2011. He was [[President of the German Bundesrat|President]] of the [[Bundesrat of Germany|Bundesrat]] in 2002/03. He was a critic of [[Angela Merkel]].<ref>Helmut Breuer and Ansgar Graw (January 10, 2002), [https://www.welt.de/print-welt/article367812/Ruettgers-NRW-CDU-fuer-Kandidatur-Merkels.html Rüttgers: NRW-CDU für Kandidatur Merkels] ''[[Die Welt]]''.</ref><ref>Desmond Butler (April 22, 2002), [https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/22/world/conservatives-surge-in-german-state-elections.html Conservatives Surge in German State Elections] ''[[New York Times]]''.</ref> Böhmer died on 29 June 2025 at the age of 89.<ref>[https://www.mdr.de/nachrichten/sachsen-anhalt/landespolitik/wolfgang-boehmer-ministerpraesident-tot-100.html Langjähriger Ministerpräsident Wolfgang Böhmer ist tot] {{in lang|de}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bohmer, Wolfgang}} [[Category:1936 births]] [[Category:2025 deaths]] [[Category:Politicians from Saxony-Anhalt]] {{bio-stub}} 9gpdx72mfy5w4rwnxgw5adbtr073wze 0 732957 10367951 10094112 2025-07-02T17:12:12Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ GB-EN 10367951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}} {{Use British English|date=January 2020}} {{Infobox television | runtime = 30&nbsp;minutes<br>(including adverts) | creator = [[Hazel Adair (actress and screenwriter)|Hazel Adair]]<br>[[Peter Ling]] | writer = Michala Crees<br>Ivor Jay<br>Rosalie Grayson<br>Raymond Bowers<br>David Garfield<br>Edward F. Barnes<br> Arthur Schmidt<br> Alan Wiggins<br> Aubrey Cash | director = John Scholz-Conway<br> Dorothy Denham<br> Alan Coleman<br> Jack Barton<br> Teddy Abraham<br> David Dunn<br>Geoff Husson<br>Mike Holgate | starring = {{Unbulleted list|[[Noele Gordon]]|[[Jane Rossington]]|[[Roger Tonge]]|[[Ronald Allen]]|[[Zeph Gladstone]]|[[Sue Lloyd]]|[[Susan Hanson]]|[[Paul Henry (actor)|Paul Henry]]|[[Ann George]]|[[Tony Adams (actor)|Tony Adams]]|[[Kathy Staff]]|[[Gabrielle Drake]]|[[Terence Rigby]]|[[Carl Andrews (actor)|Carl Andrews]]|[[Jane Asher]]|[[Jane Gurnett]]|[[Sherrie Hewson]]|[[Maria Charles]]}} | opentheme = [[Tony Hatch]] | country = United Kingdom | network = [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] | company = [[Associated Television|ATV]]<br><small>(1964–1981)</small><br>[[ITV Central|Central Independent Television]]<br><small>(1982–1988)</small><br>[[Carlton Television]]<br><small>(2001–2003)</small> | first_aired = {{Start date|1964|11|2|df=y}} – {{End date|2003|5|30|df=y}} | num_episodes = '''Original Series:''' 4510<br>'''Revived Series:''' 320<br>'''Total:''' 4830 | location = Broad Street Studios, Birmingham<br><small>(1964–1988)</small><br>[[King's Meadow Campus|Carlton Studios]], Nottingham<br><small>(2001–2003)</small> }} '''''Crossroads''''' (later known as '''''Crossroads Motel''''') is <!-- not "was", see WP:TVLEAD --> a [[British television]] [[soap opera]]. It was shown on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]. It began in 1964 and finished in 1988. There was a revival from 2001 to 2003. ''Crossroads'' was set in a fictional [[motel]] in [[West Midlands (county)|the Midlands]]. ''Crossroads'' was later called a [[hotel]]. The show became a [[byword]] for cheap production values. Despite this, the series regularly attracted huge audiences. It had as many as 15 million viewers.<ref name="tgbocbt">{{cite book| last1 = Cornell| first1 = Paul| last2 = Day| first2 = Martin| last3 = Topping| first3 = Keith| title = The Guinness Book of Classic British TV| url = https://archive.org/details/guinnessbookofcl0000corn| edition = Second| year = 1996| publisher = Guinness Publishing Ltd| location = Enfield, Middlesex| isbn = 978-0-85112-628-9| pages = [https://archive.org/details/guinnessbookofcl0000corn/page/32 32]–6| author-link1 = Paul Cornell| author-link2 = Martin Day| author-link3 = Keith Topping }}</ref> It was created by [[Hazel Adair (actress and screenwriter)|Hazel Adair]] and [[Peter Ling]] and produced by [[Associated TeleVision|ATV]]. In 1981, [[ITV Central|Central Independent Television]] took over ATV's broadcast licence and continued the programme until it was cancelled in 1988. In 2001, the series was revived by [[Carlton Television]]. It was cancelled again in 2003. ==Storylines== ===1964–1988=== The original idea of ''Crossroads'' was based around two [[feud]]ing sisters, Kitty Jarvis, played by Beryl Johnstone, and Meg Richardson, played by [[Noele Gordon]].<ref name="W1960s"/> Meg is a wealthy woman. She had her late husband Charles' insurance money, and [[compensation]] money from the [[council]]. The compensation was for them building a motorway through her land. Meg used her money to turn her large [[Georgian era|Georgian]] house into a motel. "The Crossroads Motel" was located near the fictional small village of King's Oak. This was on the edge of [[Birmingham]]. Meg had two children. A girl named Jill, played by [[Jane Rossington]]), born in 1946, and a boy Alexander, born in 1950. Alexander was called "Sandy" and played by [[Roger Tonge]]. The other sister, Kitty, is married to the [[unemployed]] Dick played by Brian Kent. She is not wealthy. Dick and Kitty bought a [[newsagent]]s and [[tobacconist]]s shop in the nearby town of Heathbury a few years after the show started. Kitty and Dick had a son called Brian, played by David Fennell, born in 1945. The story idea of the sisters feuding was dropped early in the series. Characters in the show's early years included Meg and Kitty's brother, Andy Fraser, played by Ian Patterson. In 1965, Andy marries motel secretary Ruth Bailey, played by Pamela Greenhall. Other characters in the first series include * the hotel chef Carlos Raphael, played by Anthony Morton * his wife Josefina, played by Gillian Betts * waitress Marilyn Gates, played by [[Sue Nicholls]] and later played by Nadine Hanwell * kitchen assistant [[Amy Turtle]], played by [[Ann George]] * postmistress Edith Tatum, played by [[Elisabeth Croft]] * motel handyman Philip Winter, played by Malcolm Young Amy was briefly arrested as a suspected Soviet spy.<ref name="W1970s"/> In 1966, long running character Diane Lawton, played by [[Susan Hanson]] arrived. Other additions included * Meg's close friend andformer actress, Tish Hope, played by Joy Andrews * manager and later motel director, David Hunter, played by [[Ronald Allen]] * David's first wife Rosemary, played by Janet Hargreaves * their son Chris, played by Freddy Foote and later by Stephen Hoye * David's second wife Barbara, played by [[Sue Lloyd]] * chef Gerald Lovejoy, played by William Avenell * chef Bernard Booth, played by David Lawton * chef Shughie McFee, played by [[Angus Lennie]] * hairdresser Vera Downend, played by [[Zeph Gladstone]] * accountant and later motel manager Adam Chance, played by [[Tony Adams]] * cleaner Doris Luke, played by [[Kathy Staff]] Perhaps the most memorable character was the "village idiot" Benny Hawkins, played by [[Paul Henry (actor)|Paul Henry]]. His trademark was a woolly hat that he wore all the time. His fans included [[Military of the United Kingdom|British troops]] serving in the [[Falklands War]]. In 1982, they nicknamed the [[Falkland Islands|Falkland Islanders]] "Bennies" after the character.<ref>{{cite book| title = New Statesman| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=jCQNAQAAMAAJ| year = 1983| publisher = Statesman and Nation Publishing Company| page = 15 }}</ref> Instructed to stop using the name, the troops came up with "Stills" for locals - because they were "still Bennies".<ref>{{cite book| author = Harold Wallace Ross| author2 = Katharine Sergeant Angell White| title = The New Yorker| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=wZUeAQAAMAAJ| year = 1993| publisher = F-R Publishing Corporation| page = 87 }}</ref> The series had storylines which were controversial at the time. These include * A single parent working at the motel. * The first [[paraplegic]] regular character portrayed in British soap opera. Sandy Richardson was injured in a car accident in 1972 and needed to use a wheelchair, The series also saw black characters appearing regularly. This followed from the 1960s [[BBC]] soap ''[[Compact (TV series)|Compact]]''. This was also created by Hazel Adair and Peter Ling. Melanie Harper, played by [[Cleo Sylvestre]], arrived at the motel in 1970 as Meg's foster daughter. Sylvestre was given the role by producer [[Reg Watson]] after press coverage of racial tensions in Birmingham.<ref>http://www.crossroadsnetwork.co.uk/society/cleosylvestre.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204827/http://www.crossroadsnetwork.co.uk/society/cleosylvestre.htm |date=27 September 2007 }}</ref> In 1977, an [[interracial]] summer romance took place between [[Cockney]] garage mechanic Dennis Harper, played by Guy Ward, and motel receptionist Meena Chaudri, played by [[Karen David]]. In 1978, garage mechanic Joe MacDonald, played by [[Carl Andrews (actor)|Carl Andrews]], arrived. In 1981, a storyline about a false accusation of rape. In 1983, a storyline about a [[test tube baby]] born to Glenda and Kevin Banks, played by Lynette McMorrough and David Moran. In 1983, the subject of [[Down syndrome]] was also raised when a little girl was befriended by three of the regular characters.<ref name="Hayward2"/> The character of Meg Mortimer was axed in 1981. She was thought to have died in a motel fire. Later she turned up alive aboard the [[RMS Queen Elizabeth 2|QE2]], about to sail to a new life overseas. Newspapers reported that two endings were planned for Meg. She would either die in the fire or disappear and turn up on the QE2. Viewers were surprised to see producers had used both. Meg returned briefly in 1983 for a reunion with Jill and Adam on their honeymoon in [[Venice]]. In 1985, new producer Phillip Bowman was planning to bring the character of Meg Mortimer back into the show as a "permanent occasional." Plans were well advanced when Noele Gordon died in April of that year, aged 65. Edward Clayton was brought back as Jill's ex-husband Stan Harvey to read the lines originally written for Gordon. In 1986, the new character Ray Grice played by [[Al Hunter Ashton]] was introduced as part of an attempt to create wider storylines. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bafta.org/heritage/in-memory-of/al-hunter-ashton |title=Al Hunter Ashton Actor/Screenwriter |website=bafta.org |date=11 May 2012 |access-date=19 January 2020}}</ref> ===2001–2003=== In 2001, the show was revived. Changes were made to characters and stories. Jill Chance had married John Maddingham, played by [[Jeremy Nicholas (writer)|Jeremy Nicholas]]. She had been widowed and was calling herself Jill Harvey again. This had been her name before her marriage to Adam Chance in 1983. References were also made to the Russell family taking over a "failing motel", despite Crossroads having become a hotel in the late 1980s. In the final episode of the original series, the name 'King's Oak Country Hotel' was seen over the entrance doors. Lack of real links to the past, and the killing of Jill a few months into the new run, turned many fans away. Popular characters in the new ''Crossroads'' included new owner Kate Russell, played by Jane Gurnett. Receptionist Virginia Raven, played by [[Sherrie Hewson]], and womanising deputy manager Jake Booth, played by [[Colin Wells (actor)|Colin Wells]]. The storyline of the final episode was the revelation that the revived series and glamorous hotel had been a dream of supermarket worker and Crossroads fan Angela, with all the other characters revealed as shoppers. Angela even approaches a female customer in the supermarket and tells her she recognises her as "Tracey Booth from Crossroads". Tracey's mother-in-law, Kate, was also shown as one of Angela's colleagues in the supermarket. ==Characters== {{main|List of Crossroads characters}} ==Production history== ===Original start dates=== * 2 November 1964: [[Associated Television|ATV]], [[Border Television]] and [[UTV (TV channel)|Ulster Television]] * 4 January 1965: [[Anglia Television|Anglia]], [[Associated Rediffusion]], [[Grampian Television]], [[Television Wales and West|TWW]], [[Southern Television]], [[Westward Television]] and [[Channel Television]]. * 11 January 1965: [[ITV Tyne Tees|Tyne Tees]], but the series was dropped and then picked up again several times until January 1972. * 29 March 1965: [[Scottish Television]]. * 5 November 1968: [[Yorkshire Television]], but also dropped the series for a short period, until January 1972. * 11 September 1972: [[Granada Television|Granada]]. ===ATV era=== ''Crossroads'' began its run on Monday 2 November 1964. It was shown five days a week. The episodes were recorded "as live", a common practice at the time, with few opportunities for retakes. Within a few months, 10 of the ITV companies had started broadcasting the series. [[Granada Television|Granada]] never screened it during the 1960s. The [[Independent Television Authority]] (ITA) decreed in 1967 that ''Crossroads'' should be reduced to four episodes per week to improve its quality.<ref name="W1960s">John Williams [http://www.screenonline.org.uk/tv/id/1357782/index.html "Crossroads - The 1960s"], BFI screenonline</ref> The series was no longer networked and each ITV station broadcast the show on different days. The series was widely derided by critics who criticised the wobbly sets and fluffed lines, but gained many fans. Prime Minister [[Harold Wilson]]'s wife Mary complained when the newly formed [[Thames Television]] decided to stop showing it in 1968. The decision proved unpopular with viewers and was reversed six months later.<ref name="Hayward1">Anthony Hayward [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-ling-417668.html Obituary: Peter Ling,] ''The Independent'', 27 September 2006</ref> As a result of the gap in transmission, viewers in the Thames region were six months behind the rest of the country for several years.<ref name="W1960s"/> In 1972, Granada became the last ITV company to show ''Crossroads''.<ref name="Hayward1"/> By the early 1970s it was second only to ''[[Coronation Street]]'' in the ratings.<ref name="W64-03">John Williams [http://www.screenonline.org.uk/tv/id/540415/index.html "Crossroads (1964-88, 2001-03)"], BFI screenonline</ref> In the mid-1970s it beat ''[[Coronation Street]]'' gaining audiences of up to 15 million viewers.<ref name="Hayward2">Anthony Hayward [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/jack-barton-615383.html Obituary: Jack Barton,]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''The Independent'', 31 October 2002</ref> From April 1980, the [[Independent Broadcasting Authority]] (IBA), commercial television's regulator, decided production should be reduced further to three episodes a week. The chairman of the IBA [[Bridget Plowden|Lady Plowden]] described the soap opera as "distressingly popular".<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1368495/Lady-Plowden.html Obituary: Lady Plowden,] ''Daily Telegraph'', 2 October 2000</ref><ref>[http://www.economist.com/node/218634 "Dyke makes a difference",] ''The Economist'', 1 July 1999</ref> ATV planned to replace the fourth episode with a [[Spin-off (media)|spin-off]] series called ''A Family Affair'' but this idea was dropped. Series star [[Noele Gordon]], who played Meg Richardson, regularly won the ''[[TVTimes|TV Times]]'' Most Popular Female Personality viewers award during the 1970s.<ref name="W1970s">John Williams [http://www.screenonline.org.uk/tv/id/1357870/index.html "Crossroads - The 1970s"], BFI screenonline</ref> Viewers reacted negatively at the dismissal of Gordon in 1981, an action taken by head of programming [[Charles Denton (television and film producer)|Charles Denton]]. He became a "national hate figure".<ref>Sue Summers [https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/television--hired-to-make-drama-out-of-a-crisis-he-once-had-the-gall-to-turn-noele-gordon-out-of-crossroads-but-does-charles-denton-have-what-it-takes-to-turn-around-the-nosedive-of-bbc-drama-sue-summers-talks-to-the-new-head-of-drama-who-must-keep-his-head-while-others-worry-about-losing-theirs-1486167.html "Hired to make drama out of a crisis",] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925010352/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/television--hired-to-make-drama-out-of-a-crisis-he-once-had-the-gall-to-turn-noele-gordon-out-of-crossroads-but-does-charles-denton-have-what-it-takes-to-turn-around-the-nosedive-of-bbc-drama-sue-summers-talks-to-the-new-head-of-drama-who-must-keep-his-head-while-others-worry-about-losing-theirs-1486167.html |date=2015-09-25 }} ''The Independent'', 21 July 1993</ref> The series producer Jack Barton agreed with Denton that Gordon's character had become too dominant.<ref name="Hayward2"/><ref>Len Masterman ''Teaching the Media'', Rouledge, 2005 [1985], p.197</ref> Why Gordon was sacked remains a mystery to TV historians as she was the most popular character on the soap and no real reason was given other than that producers felt it was time for a change. The actress herself was terribly upset by the decision. She was the only cast member on a permanent contract. She had been misled that the meeting where she was dismissed was to be the annual negotiation for the next years contract. In interviews she made it clear that she did not want to go. There is debate about the reason for her dismissal. Some people have said that Gordon's attitude within the company had upset some executives and they simply wanted rid of her. Gordon was very passionate about the soap and would regularly defend it against the many critics. Others believe that ITV found Crossroads an embarrassment and wanted to find a way of decreasing the viewing figures by sacking Gordon. She was the biggest audience draw. With fewer viewers it could be justified to axe it. Whatever the reason, the series never recovered from her loss. ===Central era=== ATV lost its [[ITV franchise]] at the end of 1981. It was ordered by the IBA to reform into [[ITV Central|Central Independent Television]]. It took over the franchise on 1 January 1982. It was thought to have little enthusiasm for the programmes it inherited.<ref name="W1980s">John Williams [http://www.screenonline.org.uk/tv/id/1357829/index.html "Crossroads - The 1980s"], BFI screenonline</ref> Further changes were introduced in March 1985, when new filming locations, sets and characters were introduced. Many storylines were about the new [[motel]] owner, Nicola Freeman, played by [[Gabrielle Drake]]. Long-term characters, such as David and Barbara Hunter, were axed. The theme tune was updated and the opening titles replaced with a longer version. Finally, the show was renamed ''Crossroads Motel'' with the word "Motel" added in the opening titles. The closing titles, which had [[kinetic typography|scrolled in multiple 'crossroad' directions]] since the start, were replaced with conventional scrolling credits. In 1986, a new producer, William Smethurst, took over the series following the sacking of his predecessor, Philip Bowman. Smethurst had been brought in by Central Television's new head of drama, [[Ted Childs]]. He ordered changes, creating a wittier serial and improving the production values of the show. Smethurst shifted the story to the nearby village of King's Oak. Yet more long-running characters, such as Diane Hunter and Benny Hawkins, were dropped. This was unpopular with viewers, who telephoned Central in protest.<ref>[http://www.crossroadsnetwork.co.uk/society/williamsmethurst.htm Interview with William Smethurst] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204901/http://www.crossroadsnetwork.co.uk/society/williamsmethurst.htm |date=27 September 2007 }}</ref> Further changes included the series being renamed ''Crossroads Kings Oak'' for a time, with the intention in the future of shortening this to ''King's Oak''. This final change was overtaken by the decision in June 1987 by Andy Allen, Central's director of programmes, to axe the series. The familiar theme tune was replaced in September 1987 by a new theme composed by Max Early and Raf Ravenscroft. New titles were introduced to accompany the new theme, which featured stills of King's Oak and the new King's Oak Country Hotel. Michele Buck guided the show through its final few months on air as series producer, with William Smethurst still on hand as executive producer. In January 1988, the series was reduced to only two episodes a week, with ''Crossroads King's Oak'' finally coming to an end on 4 April 1988 (the Easter [[bank holiday]]). The last, extended episode saw the character of Jill ([[Jane Rossington]]) riding off with her lover, John Maddingham ([[Jeremy Nicholas (writer)|Jeremy Nicholas]]). Asked what name she would give the hotel she would be running in her new life, the character remarked, a little sadly, "I always thought Crossroads was an awfully good name". ===Carlton era=== In 1994, Carlton Television bought Central Television. In April 2000, Carlton announced that they would be reviving ''Crossroads'' for the daytime slot on ITV. The first episode was shown on 5 March 2001.<ref name="W2000s">John Williams [http://www.screenonline.org.uk/tv/id/1401439/index.html "Crossroads - The 2000s"], BFI screenonline</ref> The revived series was sponsored by washing detergent [[Surf (detergent)|Surf]] and was broadcast each weekday at 1.30pm and 5.05pm on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]], with a Sunday [[omnibus]] on [[ITV2]]. The revived series was also broadcast in [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] on [[RTÉ One]] and in [[New Zealand]] on [[TV One (New Zealand)|TV One]]. Four characters from the original series returned: Doris Luke ([[Kathy Staff]]), Jill Harvey ([[née]] Richardson), Jill's ex-husband Adam Chance ([[Tony Adams (actor)|Tony Adams]]), and Jill's daughter Sarah-Jane Harvey (Joanne Farrell/Holly Newman). Initial reactions were favourable.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1205280.stm | work=BBC News | title='Slick' Crossroads a hit with critics | date=6 March 2001 | access-date=30 April 2010}}</ref> However, changes in the story from the original puzzled fans and did not help ratings. Kathy Staff left in dismay at the amount of sex.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.planetcrossroads.co.uk/faq/index.php?page=2 |title=Planet Crossroads -> Frequently Asked Questions |access-date=6 April 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928130819/http://www.planetcrossroads.co.uk/faq/index.php?page=2 |archive-date=28 September 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> She told ITV [[Teletext Ltd|Teletext]] she felt it was no longer the family-friendly show she had originally been part of. The story where original character Adam Chance murders ex-wife Jill Harvey three months into the new series' was unpopular with fans.<ref name="autogenerated1">[http://www.crossroadsnetwork.co.uk/society/janerossington.htm Jane Rossington Interview] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204920/http://www.crossroadsnetwork.co.uk/society/janerossington.htm |date=27 September 2007 }}</ref> Jane Rossington said she did not want to commit herself to another long run in the show, but warned Carlton it would be suicidal to kill Jill.<ref name=autogenerated1 /> [[File:JaneAsher.jpg|thumb|left|[[Jane Asher]] appeared in ''Crossroads'' as Angel Samson in 2003.|150px]] Episode 137 of the second revived series remains the only episode never to be shown in full on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]. The lunchtime screening on Tuesday 11 September 2001 began at 14:10 BST. At the halfway commercial-break point however, the programme was interrupted to hand over to [[ITV News]] for then very sketchy details of [[September 11 attacks|the 9/11 attacks in New York City, USA]]. As the afternoon went on and the seriousness of the situation became clear, all ITV Network daytime programmes, starting with [[CITV]] transmissions at 15:15, were relegated to [[ITV2]] to continue rolling news coverage. The semi-dropped episode was therefore transmitted in full on ITV2 at 17:30 BST. However, at the time, the channel was only available to a small number of viewers able to view the subscription-based [[ITV Digital]], [[Telewest]] or [[NTL Incorporated|NTL]]. As a result, the episode remains unseen by most of the programme's regular fanbase, including the entire [[Channel Islands]] who could not receive ITV Digital. A short re-cap of events in Episode 137 was screened before both the 14:10 and 17:05 showings of Episode 138 on 12 September 2001. The episode was included in the Omnibus edition that Sunday. This also only was shown on ITV2. The series was reduced to four episodes a week from November 2001 until January 2002. The series paused in August 2002. In January 2003, a changed series, under producer Yvon Grace, reappeared. It seemed to be a self-consciously [[camp]] [[parody]], with [[Jane Asher]] playing a new central character - the glamorous and bitchy Angel Samson.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2309641.stm|publisher=BBC News|date=8 October 2002|title=Asher joins revamped Crossroads}}</ref> The series also had appearances from [[Kate O'Mara]], and people associated with [[light entertainment]], such as [[Lionel Blair]], [[Les Dennis]] and [[Tim Brooke-Taylor]]. The revived series also launched the careers of [[Freema Agyeman]] (''[[Doctor Who]]'', ''[[Law & Order: UK]]''), [[Luke Roberts (actor)|Luke Roberts]] (''[[Holby City]]'' and ''[[Mile High]]''), [[Lucy Pargeter]], [[Shauna Shim]] and [[Jessica Fox (actress)|Jessica Fox]]. Yvon Grace admitted she was aiming the new ''Crossroads'' towards the [[LGBT]] TV audience.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.crossroadsnetwork.co.uk/society/story.htm |title=Crossroads Story - 1964 to 2003 |access-date=20 January 2020 |archive-date=22 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422083738/http://www.crossroadsnetwork.co.uk/society/story.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Plans were in place to bring Adam Chance back on a three-month contract in a last attempt to bring in more viewers; actor Tony Adams said that a down-on-his luck Adam would have been taken under Angel's wing as her personal assistant.<ref>[http://www.crossroadsnetwork.co.uk/society/tonyadams.htm Tony Adams Interview] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010135557/http://www.crossroadsnetwork.co.uk/society/tonyadams.htm |date=10 October 2008 }}</ref> With ratings continuing to decline, the revived series was axed in March 2003.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2836165.stm|date=10 March 2003|publisher=BBC News|title=ITV drops Crossroads}}</ref> The final episode was shown on Friday 30 May 2003. The 2003 series was criticised by fans who felt the series had moved away from the 1964-88 series and the 2001-02 series, as well as being "too gay".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.crossroadsmotel.co.uk/carlton.html|publisher=Crossroads Application Society|title=Crossroads History-Carlton Remakes 2000s|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729140232/http://www.crossroadsmotel.co.uk/carlton.html|archive-date=29 July 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ==Theme tune== The ''Crossroads'' theme tune was composed by [[Tony Hatch]]. In 2004 Hatch said: {{Blockquote|text="The budget for the music was low and it would have to be recorded in a TV studio in Birmingham - not the perfect acoustic conditions in comparison with the dedicated music recording studios I was used to. ... The original theme was actually two tunes. Each one represented one of the families and these tunes could be played separately or, because they shared the same chord sequence, together in counterpoint with each other. ... As the budget was small I decided to use a small rhythm section plus a [[harp]] and feature the first theme on a 12-string guitar with the second theme played on the [[oboe]]. Right at the beginning I put the famous 9-note motif - the call-sign which gets the family in front of the TV set."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.crossroadsmotel.co.uk/themetune.html |title=Theme Tune |access-date=2014-08-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216202140/http://www.crossroadsmotel.co.uk/themetune.html |archive-date=16 December 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>}} A selection of cues were recorded, including ''Meg's Theme'' which eventually became the standard opening theme, ''Kitty's Theme'' which was phased out as action focussed on the motel, the closing theme which combined both ''Meg's'' and ''Kitty's'' themes, and a variety of background pieces. A rerecording by The Tony Hatch Sound was issued as a single by [[Pye Records]] in 1965. A special arrangement of the theme by [[Paul McCartney]] and [[Wings (band)|Wings]], was also used from the late seventies, usually when an episode ended with a dramatic event. [[Central Independent Television]]'s head of music Johnny Patrick rearranged the tune in 1985 for piano and synthesiser, upon the show's relaunch as ''Crossroads Motel'' by producer Philip Bowman. Following William Smethurst's arrival as producer in 1987, this recording was overdubbed with added synthesisers. An entirely new theme aired in late 1987 when the series was relaunched as ''Crossroads, Kings Oak'', composed by Johnny Patrick, with [[Raphael Ravenscroft|Raf Ravenscroft]] and Max Early, with the [[CBSO]]. This later formed the basis of the single released by actress Shona Linsdey, "Goodbye", to commemorate the end of the show in 1988. The 2001 revival brought back the original Tony Hatch theme, this time arranged and performed by TV theme composer Tony Flynn.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.crossroads2001.co.uk/interviewtonyflynn.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-01-30 |archive-date=2020-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922072236/http://www.crossroads2001.co.uk/interviewtonyflynn.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Another version, in 2003, was arranged by [[Patrick Dineen]] and performed by the [[Liverpool Philharmonic]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.crossroadsmotel.co.uk/theme-tune.htm |title=The Crossroads Fan Club |access-date=2020-01-30 |archive-date=2020-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930173120/https://www.crossroadsmotel.co.uk/theme-tune.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/philharmonic-enlisted-camp-up-crossroads-3556169 Philharmonic is enlisted to 'camp up' Crossroads - Liverpool Echo]</ref> ==Locations== The fictional Crossroads Motel was in a fictional village near Birmingham called [[Kings Oak]]. There are real suburbs in south-west Birmingham called [[Kings Heath]], [[Kings Norton]] and [[Selly Oak]]). A number of real-life hotels doubled for location filming. The 1982 ''Crossroads Special'' said that the Longshoot Motel in [[Nuneaton)]] was used in designing the motel. It is likely that some scenes were filmed there. [[File:Kingsoak.jpg|Kings Oak.|thumb|right]] In 1970, the series gained an [[Outside broadcasting|O.B]] unit, giving it the freedom to do location shooting. Originally, [[Tanworth-in-Arden]] was used for King's Oak. Outside scenes were only occasionally used. From 1981 more location filming was used. Some early King's Oak location material was also filmed in [[Wolverhampton]]. The most famous location, seen in the programme during the 1960s and 1970s, was not a motel. It was the [[Shropshire]] Agricultural Institution, now called North Shropshire College. In October 2019 two of the buildings used during filming, a teaching block and Bridden accommodation block were demolished. It has been suggested that ''Crossroads'' was filmed at a 1960s motel on Stratford Road in [[Alcester]] Warwickshire. It was called CherryTrees. The buildings were demolished in 2001. A nearby petrol station, since closed, was used in the early 1980s to film a couple of outdoor scenes of the Crossroads garage. In 1982, the fictional motel was destroyed by fire. The revamped motel was filmed at the Golden Valley Hotel (now [[Jurys Inn]]) in [[Cheltenham]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gloucestershireonscreen.co.uk/home/1980s/crossroads-tv-1985 |title='Crossroads Locations' |access-date=16 June 2010 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616010557/http://www.gloucestershireonscreen.co.uk/home/1980s/crossroads-tv-1985 |archive-date=16 June 2010 }} at Gloucestershire On Screen</ref> From 1985 filming moved to the Penns Hall Hotel (now [[Ramada Jarvis]] Birmingham) in [[Sutton Coldfield]]. The changed appearance was explained as being due to rebuilding. New studio sets were also introduced. Other locations included the canal (including [[Gas Street Basin]]) behind the studios in Birmingham. in the story this was the King's Oak Canal, on which Vera had a barge. The [[Chateau Impney]] Hotel, called the Droitwich Hotel in the story, was also used. In 1983, [[St Laurence's Church]] in [[Alvechurch]] was the setting for Jill and Adam Chance's wedding. [[Hagley Hall]] was used for the wedding reception. Helios Health Club in [[Brierley Hill]] was used as the location for the Motel Health Club. It was filmed on Mondays when the health club was closed. In 1985, ''Crossroads'' gained its first set of full length opening titles, filmed around [[Sutton Coldfield]], [[Tanworth-in-Arden]] and in [[Birmingham city centre]]. The revived ''Crossroads'' from 2001 was still set in the [[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]]. Exterior shots were filmed at locations in and around [[Nottingham]], such as [[Bingham, Nottinghamshire|Bingham]] and [[Redmile]]. The original series was recorded at ATV's/Central's Broad Street studios in [[Birmingham]], while the revived series was filmed at [[King's Meadow Campus|Carlton Studios]] in [[Nottingham]]. ==Critical reception== Despite the popularity of ''Crossroads'' with the viewing public, the show was often criticised by TV reviewers and ridiculed by British comedians.<ref name="tgbocbt" /> Television historian Hilary Kingsley stated that ''Crossroads'' never failed "to provide its critics with ammunition. Some of the acting would have disgraced the humblest of village halls; many of the plots were so farcical they could have been written in a bad dream, and much of the dialogue was pathetic."<ref name="tgbocbt" /> ''The Guinness Book of Classic British TV'' noted that "''Crossroads'' was the series that no-one seemed to love. Yet at its peak, it was watched by more viewers than any other soap except ''[[Coronation Street]]''."<ref name="tgbocbt" /> The revived series also received mixed reviews from critics.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1203400.stm|title=Bad service at new Crossroads|publisher=BBC News|date=5 March 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1205280.stm|title='Slick' Crossroads a hit with critics|publisher=BBC News|date=6 March 2001}}</ref> == ''Acorn Antiques'' == Spoof soap opera ''[[Acorn Antiques]]'', created by comedian [[Victoria Wood]] as part of ''[[Victoria Wood As Seen On TV]]'', is a deliberate parody of ''Crossroads''.<ref>{{cite web |date= 2007-03-11 |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/suffolk/content/articles/2007/01/25/victoria_wood_acorn_antiques_interview_feature.shtml |title= BBC Suffolk interview with Victoria Wood |publisher= BBC |access-date= 2014-12-01 }}</ref> The final episode of ''As Seen on TV'' in 1987 features a hoax documentary, 'The Making of Acorn Antiques', in which the actress playing Mrs Overall ([[Julie Walters]]) - a character based on ''Crossroads'' characters Amy Turtle and Mavis Hooper - is revealed as a rather grand character who considers herself a huge star. This portrayal, plus a later pretend news item in which it is revealed she has been sacked from the show, both suggest the actress character (later given the name Bo Beaumont in the musical based on the sketches) is based on Noele Gordon, with Bo making her 'goodbye' appearance to the press in headscarf and large sunglasses and making a dramatic speech, just as Gordon did. ==DVD release== In 2005, [[Network DVD]] issued four volumes of the series on [[DVD]] (UK Region 2). Each volume has 12 of the original ATV episodes. The first volume includes Meg's 1975 wedding, the highest rated episode. In February 2007, ''Crossroads Volume 3'' was released. There are two versions of the DVD, one being a special limited edition, which contains an extra third disc - featuring recently found episodes from 1976. In September 2007, ''Crossroads Volume 4'' was released. In 2008, Network DVD started to release all the surviving episodes in transmission order through its website. The first set of 16 episodes was released in January 2008 and contained some episodes not available on earlier DVD releases. There are 1,700 episodes of ''Crossroads'' in existence; most of these are from [[ITV Central|Central Television]]'s run of the show from 1982 to 1988. A black and white ''Crossroads Archive Volume 1.1'' has also been released, containing the episode from April 1965, along with 2 further episodes, numbered 1884 and 1886 from March 1973. These were both originally made in colour but now survive only as black and white [[telerecording]]s. On 2 November 2009, to coincide with the show's 45th anniversary, Network DVD re-released 21 volumes in a 41-disc box-set. [[Susan Hanson]], who played Diane Hunter, appeared on ''[[The Alan Titchmarsh Show]]'' and ''[[Loose Women]]'' on 6 and 13 November 2009 respectively, to promote the box-set.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vnj_cHyxQso|title=Crossroads' Susan Hanson On The Alan Titchmarsh Show - (45th Annivsersary Box Set)|date=6 November 2009|website=YouTube|access-date=1 January 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hKp1JepQ1oE|title=Crossroads' Susan Hanson On Loose Women - (45th Annivsersary Box Set)|date=13 November 2009|website=YouTube|access-date=1 January 2009}}</ref> ==Repeats== From 1996 until 2001, episodes of the original series were repeated on [[UKTV]] channel ''[[Gold (UK TV channel)|UK Gold]]''. From February to September 2015, the original series aired on [[Made in Birmingham|Big Centre TV]] on [[Freeview (UK)|Freeview]] channel 8 in the Midlands or available online live at 9.00pm each evening Monday to Saturday, which could also be watched free on their catchup service. ==Spin-offs== ===Comic strip=== ''Crossroads'' was adapted into a weekly comic strip in 1972 by Dutch comics artist [[Alfred Mazure]], published in [[TVTimes]].<ref>Rich Thomassen, ''En Maz creëerde Dick Bos. Het verhaal van de baanbrekende strip'', Aspekt, 2014, page 281-282.</ref> ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ==Other websites== * [http://www.crossroadsmotel.co.uk/ Crossroads Appreciation Society] Unofficial fan club's tribute website, website has been down for 6 months * [http://www.crossroads2001.co.uk/ Crossroads 2001] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804194456/http://crossroads2001.co.uk/ |date=2020-08-04 }} All about the second series of ITV's hotel soap opera. * [http://www.destinationcrossroads.com/ Destination Crossroads] Views and opinions on all three series of the soap. * {{IMDb title|id=0057741|title=Crossroads I}} * {{IMDb title|id=0264970|title=Crossroads II}} * [http://www.planetcrossroads.co.uk/ Planet Crossroads] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050403133347/http://www.planetcrossroads.co.uk/ |date=2005-04-03 }} fan site * {{cite web| url = http://freemaagyeman.com/news/category/crossroads/ | title = Freema Agyeman as Lola Wise in Crossroads III 2003 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100526054214/http://freemaagyeman.com/news/category/crossroads/ |archive-date = 2010-05-26 }} * {{cite web| url = http://www.thesoapshow.com/uksoaps/crossroads.htm | title = Crossroads facts and memories |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071223144045/http://www.thesoapshow.com/uksoaps/crossroads.htm |archive-date = 2007-12-23 }} Features about Crossroads [[Category:1964 British television series debuts]] [[Category:2003 British television series endings]] [[Category:British soap operas]] [[Category:British English-language television programmes]] [[Category:ITV television programmes]] q1szax5u84mms7ju9k0aenb1i7k3zcx 0 735025 10368520 10357967 2025-07-02T23:57:24Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C US-EN 10368520 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = Teen Titans Go! horizontal logo.svg | genre = [[Superhero]] | creator = [[Michael Jelenic]] | director = | creative_director = | developer = | voices = [[Tara Strong]]<br>[[Scott Menville]]<br>[[Greg Cipes]]<br>[[Khary Payton]]<br>[[Hynden Walch]] | composer = | num_seasons = 9 | num_episodes = 421 | list_episodes = List of Teen Titans Go! episodes | runtime = Around 22 or 23 minutes (whole episode). 11 or 12 minutes (segment) | company = | channel = [[Cartoon Network]] (2013-present) | first_aired = {{Start date|2013|4|23}} | last_aired = present | related = }} '''Teen Titans Go!''' is an American television show. It airs on Cartoon Network. It first aired on April 23, 2013. It is currently airing ''its 8th season.'' It is a spin-off of [[Teen Titans]]. The production companies of the series are [[DC Entertainment]] and [[Warner Bros. Animation]], with the animation outsourced to first and second seasons of United States at [[Digital eMation]], [[AKOM]] and [[Rough Draft Korea]] in [[Traditional animation|traditionaly animation]] and the third season onwards of Canada at Copernicus Studios and [[Bardel Entertainment]] in [[flash animation]]. 4 movies based on the show were released in 2018, 2019, 2021, and 2022.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://itsastampede.com/2022/05/17/what-is-the-order-of-the-teen-titans-movies/ | title=What is the order of the Teen Titans movies? | date=17 May 2022 }}</ref> ==Plot== Superhero roommates Robin, Cyborg, Starfire, Raven and Beast Boy love saving the day, but what happens when they're done fighting crime?<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2771780/ | title=Teen Titans Go! (TV Series 2013– ) - IMDb | website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref> ==Characters== *Robin - The leader with a red shirt with an "R" symbol on his chest, green sleeves and gloves, green pants, black and gray boots, a yellow black robe, and a black and white mask. He uses bow staffs, grappling tips, katanas, and smoke bombs. *Starfire - The alien princess with green eyes, orange skin, hot pink hair, a necklace with a green eyeliner, pink eyebrows, large eyelashes, a violet cropped and skirt, iron gloves, a piece of iron on the neck and also purple boots that reach her ankles. == References == <references /> [[Category:2013 American television series debuts]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:Cartoon Network series]] [[Category:Parody television shows]] mpukwlvsyqf3ixxqk2u374v7xuy5flg 0 741282 10367738 10331236 2025-07-02T14:25:00Z Berniesandals 1539858 10367738 wikitext text/x-wiki {{good}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}} {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Emu War | place = [[Campion, Western Australia|Campion district]], [[Western Australia]] | date = 2 November – 10 December 1932 | image = Deceased emu during Emu War.jpg | result = Failure of military operation. See [[#Aftermath|Aftermath]] | combatant1 = [[Emu]] | combatant2 = {{flag|Australia}} | commander2 = {{plainlist| *Sir [[George Pearce]] *Major G. P. W. Meredith *[[Royal Australian Artillery]]}} | image_size = 240px | partof = [[The Great Depression]] | strength1 = 20,000 | strength2 = 3{{Efn|Major Meredith and 2 machine gunners}} | casualties1 = 986 birds died Nearly 2500 succumbed from bullet injuries later on | casualties2 = None<br>(10,000 rounds of ammo used up) }} The '''Emu War''', also called the '''Great Emu War''',<ref>{{Cite book|last=Shuttlesworth|first=Dorothy Edwards|title=The Wildlife of Australia and New Zealand|publisher=[[University of Michigan Press]]|year=1967|page=69}}</ref> was a [[military]] operation in [[Australia]] in late 1932. [[Emu|Emus]] are large [[Flightless birds|birds that cannot fly]]. [[Endemism|Wild emus only live in]] Australia. The Australian army killed many emus because the farmers thought they were [[Pest_(biology)|pests]]. Farmers were having trouble with the many emus [[Invasion|invading]] the [[Campion, Western Australia|Campion]] district of [[Western Australia]]. Soldiers tried to kill emus with [[Lewis gun]]s. The media called the military action against birds the "Emu War". The army did kill some, but there were still many emus and they continued to destroy [[Crop|crops]]. ==Background== [[File:Fallow caused by emus.jpg|thumb|Bare fields after attacks by emus]] After [[World War I]], the Australian government gave land to many ex-soldiers from Australia and some from [[Great Britain]]. The government gave these [[Settler|settlers]] land to farm in [[Western Australia]]. Much of the land was not very good. When the [[Great Depression]] hit Australia in 1929, the government told these farmers to grow more [[wheat]]. The government promised to help by giving [[subsidy|money to farmers]]. But the farmers did not get the money. Wheat was losing its worth. By October 1932, there were big problems in Western Australia. The farmers were ready to [[harvest]] the season's [[crop]] but they also threatened the government. They said they might not deliver the wheat.<ref name="Johnson2008">{{Cite journal| last = Johnson | first = Murray | year = 2006 | title = 'Feathered foes': soldier settlers and Western Australia's 'Emu War' of 1932 | journal = Journal of Australian Studies | volume = 30 | issue = 88 | issn = 1444-3058 | pages = 147–157 | doi = 10.1080/14443050609388083 | s2cid = 144598286 }}</ref> Farmers' lives and work became even worse when about 20,000 emus arrived.<ref name="Gill">{{Cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zM0tG5ApO0UC&pg=PR26 | page = xxvi | title = Ornithology | first = Frank B. | last = Gill | edition = 3rd | publisher = Macmillan | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-0-7167-4983-7 }}</ref> Emus regularly [[migrate]] (move from one area to another in big groups) after [[Seasonal breeder|breeding]] each year. They return to the coast from inland areas. Western Australian farmers had cleared more land and made water supplies for their [[livestock]] and crops better. The emus went to the settlers' farms. They were good [[habitat|places for the emus to live]]. Emus began to move into farms. Many moved into the farms around [[Chandler, Western Australia|Chandler]] and [[Walgoolan, Western Australia|Walgoolan]].<ref name="Johnson2008" /> The emus ate and ruined the crops. They also made large holes in fences where rabbits could enter and cause more problems.<ref name="defended">{{Cite news| url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article4509731 | title = "Emu War" defended | work = The Argus (Melbourne) | date = 19 November 1932 | page = 22 }}</ref> [[File:Lewis Gun during Emu War.jpg|thumb|Lewis Gun during Emu War]] Farmers complained to the government about the birds destroying the crops. A group of [[veteran]] settler-farmers went to meet with the [[Minister for Defence (Australia)|Minister of Defence]], Sir [[George Pearce]]. The settler-farmers had been soldiers in [[World War I]]. They understood machine guns. They asked the government to send machine guns. The minister agreed. But, he wanted soldiers to use the guns, not the settler-farmers. The Western Australian government would pay to transport the soldiers. The farmers would give them food and places to live. The farmers would also pay for the [[Bullet|bullets]].<ref name="Johnson2008" /><ref name="rain">{{Cite news| url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article4504009 | title = Rain Scatters Emus | work = The Argus | date = 18 October 1932 | page = 7 }}</ref> Pearce also wanted to send the guns because the birds would be good target practice for the soldiers.<ref name = Boom>{{Cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=W_9jMwwC4foC&pg=PT267 | page = 256 | title = Boom and Bust: Bird Stories For a Dry Country | first1 = Libby | last1 = Robin | first2 = Leo | last2 = Joseph | first3 = Rob | last3 = Heinshohn | publisher = CSIRO Publishing | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-0-643-09606-6 }}</ref> Some in the government may have thought the military operation would make the government look good. People would see that they were helping the Western Australian farmers. They wanted to stop a plan for [[1933 Western Australian secession referendum|Western Australia to become an independent country]]. A [[cinematographer]] (movie-maker) from [[Movietone News|Fox Movietone]] joined the soldiers.<ref name="Johnson2008" /> == The "war" == [[File:Sir George Pearce.jpg|thumb|Sir [[George Pearce]] ordered the army to reduce the emu population. Later in Parliament, Senator [[James Dunn (Australian politician)|James Dunn]] called Pearce the "Minister of the Emu War".<ref>{{Cite news | date=19 November 1932 | title=Over the Speakers Chair | work=[[The Canberra Times]] | location=[[Canberra]], [[Australian Capital Territory]] | url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2318780 | access-date=10 January 2010}}</ref>]] The military began to fight the birds in October 1932.<ref name="rain" /> The "war" was conducted under the command of Major G.P. Wynne-Aubrey Meredith of the Seventh Heavy Battery of the [[Royal Australian Artillery]].<ref name="Johnson2008" /><ref name="Boom" /> Meredith commanded soldiers Sergeant S. McMurray and Gunner J. O'Halloran.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal | last=Burton | first=Adrian | date=1 August 2013 | title=Tell me, mate, what were emus like? | journal=Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment | language=en | volume=11 | issue=6 | pages=336 | doi=10.1890/1540-9295-11.6.336 | issn=1540-9309}}</ref> They were armed with two [[Lewis gun]]s<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kr7ddMAUnqUC&pg=PA123 | pages=123–124 | title=The Default Country: A Lexical Cartography of Twentieth-century Australia | first=Jay Mary | last=Arthur | publisher=UNSW Press | year=2003 | isbn=978-0-86840-542-1}}</ref> and 10,000 rounds of ammunition.<ref name="Boom" /> Some soldier-settlers also helped them. The operation was delayed, however, by rain that caused the emus to spread out all over a wider area.<ref name="rain" /> The rain stopped by 2 November 1932.<ref name="Johnson2008" /><ref name="rain" /> So, then the troops were sent with orders to help the farmers. A newspaper reported that soldiers were told to collect 100 emu skins. Feathers from these skins could be used to make hats for [[Australian Light Horse|light horsemen]].<ref name="machine">{{Cite news | url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2315329 | work=The Argus | date=3 November 1932 | title=Machine Guns Sent Against Emu Pests | page=2}}</ref> ===First attempt=== On 2 November, the men travelled to [[Campion, Western Australia|Campion]]. They saw about 50 emus there.<ref name="Johnson2008" /> The birds were too far from the guns, so the local settlers tried to [[Herding|herd]] the emus into an ambush. This failed. The birds split into small groups and ran so it was difficult to shoot them.<ref name="Boom" /> But, while the first shots from the machine guns did not hurt the emus because they were far away, a second round of gunfire killed "a number" of birds. Later the same day, settlers found a small flock and killed about a dozen birds.<ref name="Johnson2008" /> Next, on 4 November, Meredith prepared an [[ambush]] near a local [[dam]]. They saw more than 1,000 emus heading towards Meredith and his soldiers. This time, the gunners waited until the birds were very close. Then, they started to fire their guns. The guns jammed after only twelve birds were killed. The surviving birds ran away before any more could be shot.<ref name=":0" /> Meredith and the soldiers did not see any more birds that day.<ref name="Johnson2008" /> After losing the Battle of the Dam, Meredith moved further south, because he heard the birds were "fairly tame".<ref name="WA1992-11-04">''West Australian'', 4 March 1932, quoted in Johnson (2006), p152</ref> But, again, he had only limited success even though he and his men tried very hard to kill more emus.<ref name="Johnson2008" /> By the fourth day of the campaign, army observers reported that birds looked well organised. "Each [[Pack hunter|pack]] seems to have its own leader now – a big black-[[Feather|plumed]] bird which stands fully six feet high and keeps watch while his mates carry out their work of destruction and warns them of our approach".<ref name="Sunday Herald">{{Cite news | url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article18516559 | title=New Strategy in a War on the Emu | work=[[The Sun-Herald|Sunday Herald]] | date=5 July 1953 | page=13}}</ref> Meredith was desperate. He even tried to put one of the guns on a truck. This failed because the truck was slower than the emus. The ride was so rough that the gunner could not fire any shots.<ref name="Johnson2008" /> By 8 November, six days after the fighting started, the soldiers had fired 2,500 bullets.<ref name="Boom" /> Nobody knows how many birds were killed. One estimate was 50 birds.<ref name="Boom" /> Others said from 200 to 500 birds. Settlers gave the large estimate. Meredith's official report said that none of his men were injured.<ref name="Johnson2008" /> On 8 November, members of the [[House of Representatives (Australia)|Australian House of Representatives]] discussed the operation.<ref name="Boom" /> Following the negative coverage in the local media,<ref name="elusive" >{{Cite news | url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2315839 | title=Elusive Emus | work=The Argus | date=5 November 1932 | page=4}}</ref> that included claims that "only a few" emus had died,<ref name="defended" /> Pearce took out the military personnel and the guns on 8 November.<ref name=defended /><ref name="Boom" /><ref name=withdrawn>{{Cite news | url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article4507996 | title=War on Emus | work=The Argus | date=10 November 1932 | page=8}}</ref><ref name=war>{{Cite news | url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2317086 | title=Emu War Again | work=The Canberra Times | date=12 November 1932 | page=1}}</ref> After the [[Withdrawal (military)|withdrawal]], Major Meredith compared the emus to [[Zulu people|Zulus]] and commented on the striking maneuverability (ability to move quickly and carefully) of the emus, even while badly hurt. {{Quote | style=font-size:100% | If we had a military division with the bullet-carrying capacity of these birds it would face any army in the world&nbsp;... They can face machine guns with the invulnerability of tanks. They are like Zulus whom even [[Expanding bullet|dum-dum bullets]] could not stop.<ref name="Sunday Herald" />}} === Second attempt === After the soldiers retreated, the emus continued to attack crops. Farmers again asked for support, citing the hot weather and drought that brought emus invading farms in the thousands. [[James Mitchell (Australian politician)|James Mitchell]], the [[Premier of Western Australia]], lent his strong support to renewal of the military assistance. At the same time, a report from the Base Commander was issued that indicated 300 emus had been killed in the initial operation.<ref name="war" /> On November 12, the Minister of Defence started the war again because of the settlers' requests and the Base Commander's report.<ref name="war" /> He explained the decision to the [[Australian Senate|Senate]]. He said they needed soldiers to fight the serious agricultural [[threat]] from the big emu population.<ref name="defended" /> The army had agreed to lend the guns to the Western Australian government. The army expected people from the Western Australian government would use the guns. But, there were not enough experienced machine gunners in the state, so Meredith was sent to fight again.<ref name="Johnson2008" /> The military started to attack on 13 November 1932. They were successful during the first two days, and killed about 40 of the invading emus. The third day, 15 November, was less successful. By 2 December, the soldiers were killing about 100 emus per week. Meredith was recalled on 10 December, and in his report he claimed 986 kills with 9,860 rounds, at a rate of exactly 10 rounds per confirmed kill. In addition, Meredith claimed 2,500 wounded birds had died as a result of their [[injury|injuries]].<ref name="Johnson2008" /> In judging the success of the war, an article in the ''Coolgardie Miner'' on 23 August 1935 reported that although the use of machine guns had been "criticised in many quarters, the method proved effective and saved what remained of the wheat".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/217998228?searchTerm=emu%20war%20effective&searchLimits= |title=Another "Emu War"? |newspaper=[[Coolgardie Miner]] |via=[[Trove]] |date=23 August 1935 |access-date=9 December 2019}}</ref> == Aftermath == [[File:Emu Side.JPG|thumb|Despite being attacked by the Australian Army, the IUCN rates the emu as a species of least concern.<ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn|page= e.T22678117A131902466 |title= ''Dromaius novaehollandiae'' |author= [[BirdLife International]] |year= 2018 |accessdate= 15 February 2020}}</ref> ]] [[File:Rabbit-proof-fence-000876d.jpg|thumb|Rabbit proof fence in 1926]] [[File:Rabbit proof fence in 2005.jpg|thumb|Rabbit proof fence in 2005]] In and after 1930, farmers built fences to keep emus out of farms. The fences stopped [[dingo]]es and [[rabbit]]s too.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McKnight|first=Tom|date=July 1969|title=Barrier Fencing for Vermin Control in Australia|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_geographical-review_1969-07_59_3/page/330|journal=Geographical Review|volume= 59| issue = 3|pages=330–347|jstor=213480|doi=10.2307/213480}}</ref><ref>[http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/18516559 New Strategy in a War on the Emu, ''The (Sydney) Sunday Herald'', (Sunday, 5 July 1953), p13.]</ref> By December 1932, people in the [[United Kingdom]] had heard about the Emu War. Some [[Conservation movement|people who cared about animals]] said killing the emus was bad. They called it "[[Extinction|extermination]] of the rare emu".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Jenkins|first=C.F.H.|title=The Wanderings of an Entomologist|publisher=[[Cornell University Press]]|year=1988|page=8|isbn=978-0-7316-2888-9}}</ref> Dominic Serventy and Hubert Whittell, Australian [[Ornithologist|ornithologists]], described the "war" as "an attempt at the mass destruction of the birds".<ref name=Serventy>{{Cite book|last=Serventy|first=Dominic Louis|author2=Hubert Massey Whittell|title=A Handbook of the Birds of Western Australia (with the exception of the Kimberley Division)|publisher=Patersons Press; Original: University of Wisconsin Press|year=1948|page=63}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/blogs/on-this-day/2016/11/on-this-day-the-emu-wars-begin |title=Gore, J.G., "Looking Back: Australia's Emu Wars", ''Australian Geographic'', Wednesday, 2 November 2016. |access-date=29 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421023023/http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/blogs/on-this-day/2016/11/on-this-day-the-emu-wars-begin |archive-date=21 April 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/running-ponies/the-great-emu-war-in-which-some-large-flightless-birds-unwittingly-foiled-the-australian-army Crew, B., "The Great Emu War: In which some large, flightless birds unwittingly foiled the Australian Army", ''Scientific American Blogs'', Monday, 4 August 2014.]</ref> Some farmers asked the army to fight the emus again in 1934, 1943, and 1948. Each year, the government said no.<ref name="Johnson2008" /><ref>[http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/55872191 Request to Use Bombs to Kill Emus, ''The (Adelaide) Mail'', (Saturday, 3 July 1943), p.12.]</ref> Instead, the government continued the [[Bounty hunter|bounty]] system that had started in 1923. This worked. For six months in 1934, Western Australians killed 57,034 emus and asked for the bounty money.<ref name="Boom" /> In November 1950, [[Hugh Leslie]], a newspaper editor and state and federal politician from Western Australia, complained about emus in federal parliament. He asked the Army Minister [[Josiah Francis]] to give [[British .303|.303 ammunition]] from the army to farmers to kill the emus. The minister said yes and gave 500,000 [[Bullet|bullets]] to the farmers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/218049072|title=Control of emus|newspaper=Coolgardie Miner|date=30 November 1950}}</ref> ==Legacy== [[Playwright]] Simeon Yialeloglou and [[composer]] James Court made a [[Musical theater|musical]] adaptation of the story in [[Melbourne]] in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grassroots 2019 |url=http://www.homegrownaus.com/grassroots-2019 |access-date=2021-06-16 |website=Home Grown |language=en-US}}</ref> A movie about the War, written by [[John Cleese]], Monty Franklin, and [[Rob Schneider]], is being planned.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-08 |title=British and US comedy legends bring bizarre chapter of Australian history to big screen |url=https://7news.com.au/entertainment/john-cleese-rob-schneider-write-script-for-australian-emu-war-movie-c-2307774 |access-date=2021-06-16 |website=7NEWS.com.au |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-09 |title=Australia's Emu War spawns feature film, jokes and memes 90 years on |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-12-10/great-emu-war-90-years-on-army-wheatbelt-battle-history/101752238 |access-date=2023-01-25 |website=abc.net.au |language=en}}</ref> == Related pages == * [[Emu]] == References == {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * [http://www.emugigs.com/emuwar/ How we lost the "Emu War"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108092537/http://www.emugigs.com/emuwar/ |date=2020-11-08 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092700/http://www.naturebase.net/pdf/plants_animals/living_with_wildlife/0805_emu.pdf Plants & Animals: Emu] * {{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article4508317|title=Attack on Emus|work=The Argus|date=12 November 1932}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Birds of Australia]] [[Category:Pests]] [[Category:Military of Australia]] [[Category:1932]] a8gzc9jxhm0oaekeluq8jweg8oaiqob 10367741 10367738 2025-07-02T14:28:15Z Berniesandals 1539858 10367741 wikitext text/x-wiki {{good}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}} {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Emu War | place = [[Campion, Western Australia|Campion district]], [[Western Australia]] | date = 2 November – 10 December 1932 | image = Deceased emu during Emu War.jpg | image_size = 240px | caption = A man holding an emu killed by Australian soldiers | result = Failure of military operation. See [[#Aftermath|Aftermath]] | combatant1 = [[Emu]] | combatant2 = {{flag|Australia}} | commander2 = {{plainlist| *Sir [[George Pearce]] *Major G. P. W. Meredith *[[Royal Australian Artillery]]}} | image_size = 240px | partof = [[The Great Depression]] | strength1 = 20,000 | strength2 = 3{{Efn|Major Meredith and 2 machine gunners}} | casualties1 = 986 birds died Nearly 2500 succumbed from bullet injuries later on | casualties2 = None<br>(10,000 rounds of ammo used up) }} The '''Emu War''', also called the '''Great Emu War''',<ref>{{Cite book|last=Shuttlesworth|first=Dorothy Edwards|title=The Wildlife of Australia and New Zealand|publisher=[[University of Michigan Press]]|year=1967|page=69}}</ref> was a [[military]] operation in [[Australia]] in late 1932. [[Emu|Emus]] are large [[Flightless birds|birds that cannot fly]]. [[Endemism|Wild emus only live in]] Australia. The Australian army killed many emus because the farmers thought they were [[Pest_(biology)|pests]]. Farmers were having trouble with the many emus [[Invasion|invading]] the [[Campion, Western Australia|Campion]] district of [[Western Australia]]. Soldiers tried to kill emus with [[Lewis gun]]s. The media called the military action against birds the "Emu War". The army did kill some, but there were still many emus and they continued to destroy [[Crop|crops]]. ==Background== [[File:Fallow caused by emus.jpg|thumb|Bare fields after attacks by emus]] After [[World War I]], the Australian government gave land to many ex-soldiers from Australia and some from [[Great Britain]]. The government gave these [[Settler|settlers]] land to farm in [[Western Australia]]. Much of the land was not very good. When the [[Great Depression]] hit Australia in 1929, the government told these farmers to grow more [[wheat]]. The government promised to help by giving [[subsidy|money to farmers]]. But the farmers did not get the money. Wheat was losing its worth. By October 1932, there were big problems in Western Australia. The farmers were ready to [[harvest]] the season's [[crop]] but they also threatened the government. They said they might not deliver the wheat.<ref name="Johnson2008">{{Cite journal| last = Johnson | first = Murray | year = 2006 | title = 'Feathered foes': soldier settlers and Western Australia's 'Emu War' of 1932 | journal = Journal of Australian Studies | volume = 30 | issue = 88 | issn = 1444-3058 | pages = 147–157 | doi = 10.1080/14443050609388083 | s2cid = 144598286 }}</ref> Farmers' lives and work became even worse when about 20,000 emus arrived.<ref name="Gill">{{Cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zM0tG5ApO0UC&pg=PR26 | page = xxvi | title = Ornithology | first = Frank B. | last = Gill | edition = 3rd | publisher = Macmillan | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-0-7167-4983-7 }}</ref> Emus regularly [[migrate]] (move from one area to another in big groups) after [[Seasonal breeder|breeding]] each year. They return to the coast from inland areas. Western Australian farmers had cleared more land and made water supplies for their [[livestock]] and crops better. The emus went to the settlers' farms. They were good [[habitat|places for the emus to live]]. Emus began to move into farms. Many moved into the farms around [[Chandler, Western Australia|Chandler]] and [[Walgoolan, Western Australia|Walgoolan]].<ref name="Johnson2008" /> The emus ate and ruined the crops. They also made large holes in fences where rabbits could enter and cause more problems.<ref name="defended">{{Cite news| url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article4509731 | title = "Emu War" defended | work = The Argus (Melbourne) | date = 19 November 1932 | page = 22 }}</ref> [[File:Lewis Gun during Emu War.jpg|thumb|Lewis Gun during Emu War]] Farmers complained to the government about the birds destroying the crops. A group of [[veteran]] settler-farmers went to meet with the [[Minister for Defence (Australia)|Minister of Defence]], Sir [[George Pearce]]. The settler-farmers had been soldiers in [[World War I]]. They understood machine guns. They asked the government to send machine guns. The minister agreed. But, he wanted soldiers to use the guns, not the settler-farmers. The Western Australian government would pay to transport the soldiers. The farmers would give them food and places to live. The farmers would also pay for the [[Bullet|bullets]].<ref name="Johnson2008" /><ref name="rain">{{Cite news| url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article4504009 | title = Rain Scatters Emus | work = The Argus | date = 18 October 1932 | page = 7 }}</ref> Pearce also wanted to send the guns because the birds would be good target practice for the soldiers.<ref name = Boom>{{Cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=W_9jMwwC4foC&pg=PT267 | page = 256 | title = Boom and Bust: Bird Stories For a Dry Country | first1 = Libby | last1 = Robin | first2 = Leo | last2 = Joseph | first3 = Rob | last3 = Heinshohn | publisher = CSIRO Publishing | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-0-643-09606-6 }}</ref> Some in the government may have thought the military operation would make the government look good. People would see that they were helping the Western Australian farmers. They wanted to stop a plan for [[1933 Western Australian secession referendum|Western Australia to become an independent country]]. A [[cinematographer]] (movie-maker) from [[Movietone News|Fox Movietone]] joined the soldiers.<ref name="Johnson2008" /> == The "war" == [[File:Sir George Pearce.jpg|thumb|Sir [[George Pearce]] ordered the army to reduce the emu population. Later in Parliament, Senator [[James Dunn (Australian politician)|James Dunn]] called Pearce the "Minister of the Emu War".<ref>{{Cite news | date=19 November 1932 | title=Over the Speakers Chair | work=[[The Canberra Times]] | location=[[Canberra]], [[Australian Capital Territory]] | url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2318780 | access-date=10 January 2010}}</ref>]] The military began to fight the birds in October 1932.<ref name="rain" /> The "war" was conducted under the command of Major G.P. Wynne-Aubrey Meredith of the Seventh Heavy Battery of the [[Royal Australian Artillery]].<ref name="Johnson2008" /><ref name="Boom" /> Meredith commanded soldiers Sergeant S. McMurray and Gunner J. O'Halloran.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal | last=Burton | first=Adrian | date=1 August 2013 | title=Tell me, mate, what were emus like? | journal=Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment | language=en | volume=11 | issue=6 | pages=336 | doi=10.1890/1540-9295-11.6.336 | issn=1540-9309}}</ref> They were armed with two [[Lewis gun]]s<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kr7ddMAUnqUC&pg=PA123 | pages=123–124 | title=The Default Country: A Lexical Cartography of Twentieth-century Australia | first=Jay Mary | last=Arthur | publisher=UNSW Press | year=2003 | isbn=978-0-86840-542-1}}</ref> and 10,000 rounds of ammunition.<ref name="Boom" /> Some soldier-settlers also helped them. The operation was delayed, however, by rain that caused the emus to spread out all over a wider area.<ref name="rain" /> The rain stopped by 2 November 1932.<ref name="Johnson2008" /><ref name="rain" /> So, then the troops were sent with orders to help the farmers. A newspaper reported that soldiers were told to collect 100 emu skins. Feathers from these skins could be used to make hats for [[Australian Light Horse|light horsemen]].<ref name="machine">{{Cite news | url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2315329 | work=The Argus | date=3 November 1932 | title=Machine Guns Sent Against Emu Pests | page=2}}</ref> ===First attempt=== On 2 November, the men travelled to [[Campion, Western Australia|Campion]]. They saw about 50 emus there.<ref name="Johnson2008" /> The birds were too far from the guns, so the local settlers tried to [[Herding|herd]] the emus into an ambush. This failed. The birds split into small groups and ran so it was difficult to shoot them.<ref name="Boom" /> But, while the first shots from the machine guns did not hurt the emus because they were far away, a second round of gunfire killed "a number" of birds. Later the same day, settlers found a small flock and killed about a dozen birds.<ref name="Johnson2008" /> Next, on 4 November, Meredith prepared an [[ambush]] near a local [[dam]]. They saw more than 1,000 emus heading towards Meredith and his soldiers. This time, the gunners waited until the birds were very close. Then, they started to fire their guns. The guns jammed after only twelve birds were killed. The surviving birds ran away before any more could be shot.<ref name=":0" /> Meredith and the soldiers did not see any more birds that day.<ref name="Johnson2008" /> After losing the Battle of the Dam, Meredith moved further south, because he heard the birds were "fairly tame".<ref name="WA1992-11-04">''West Australian'', 4 March 1932, quoted in Johnson (2006), p152</ref> But, again, he had only limited success even though he and his men tried very hard to kill more emus.<ref name="Johnson2008" /> By the fourth day of the campaign, army observers reported that birds looked well organised. "Each [[Pack hunter|pack]] seems to have its own leader now – a big black-[[Feather|plumed]] bird which stands fully six feet high and keeps watch while his mates carry out their work of destruction and warns them of our approach".<ref name="Sunday Herald">{{Cite news | url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article18516559 | title=New Strategy in a War on the Emu | work=[[The Sun-Herald|Sunday Herald]] | date=5 July 1953 | page=13}}</ref> Meredith was desperate. He even tried to put one of the guns on a truck. This failed because the truck was slower than the emus. The ride was so rough that the gunner could not fire any shots.<ref name="Johnson2008" /> By 8 November, six days after the fighting started, the soldiers had fired 2,500 bullets.<ref name="Boom" /> Nobody knows how many birds were killed. One estimate was 50 birds.<ref name="Boom" /> Others said from 200 to 500 birds. Settlers gave the large estimate. Meredith's official report said that none of his men were injured.<ref name="Johnson2008" /> On 8 November, members of the [[House of Representatives (Australia)|Australian House of Representatives]] discussed the operation.<ref name="Boom" /> Following the negative coverage in the local media,<ref name="elusive" >{{Cite news | url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2315839 | title=Elusive Emus | work=The Argus | date=5 November 1932 | page=4}}</ref> that included claims that "only a few" emus had died,<ref name="defended" /> Pearce took out the military personnel and the guns on 8 November.<ref name=defended /><ref name="Boom" /><ref name=withdrawn>{{Cite news | url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article4507996 | title=War on Emus | work=The Argus | date=10 November 1932 | page=8}}</ref><ref name=war>{{Cite news | url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2317086 | title=Emu War Again | work=The Canberra Times | date=12 November 1932 | page=1}}</ref> After the [[Withdrawal (military)|withdrawal]], Major Meredith compared the emus to [[Zulu people|Zulus]] and commented on the striking maneuverability (ability to move quickly and carefully) of the emus, even while badly hurt. {{Quote | style=font-size:100% | If we had a military division with the bullet-carrying capacity of these birds it would face any army in the world&nbsp;... They can face machine guns with the invulnerability of tanks. They are like Zulus whom even [[Expanding bullet|dum-dum bullets]] could not stop.<ref name="Sunday Herald" />}} === Second attempt === After the soldiers retreated, the emus continued to attack crops. Farmers again asked for support, citing the hot weather and drought that brought emus invading farms in the thousands. [[James Mitchell (Australian politician)|James Mitchell]], the [[Premier of Western Australia]], lent his strong support to renewal of the military assistance. At the same time, a report from the Base Commander was issued that indicated 300 emus had been killed in the initial operation.<ref name="war" /> On November 12, the Minister of Defence started the war again because of the settlers' requests and the Base Commander's report.<ref name="war" /> He explained the decision to the [[Australian Senate|Senate]]. He said they needed soldiers to fight the serious agricultural [[threat]] from the big emu population.<ref name="defended" /> The army had agreed to lend the guns to the Western Australian government. The army expected people from the Western Australian government would use the guns. But, there were not enough experienced machine gunners in the state, so Meredith was sent to fight again.<ref name="Johnson2008" /> The military started to attack on 13 November 1932. They were successful during the first two days, and killed about 40 of the invading emus. The third day, 15 November, was less successful. By 2 December, the soldiers were killing about 100 emus per week. Meredith was recalled on 10 December, and in his report he claimed 986 kills with 9,860 rounds, at a rate of exactly 10 rounds per confirmed kill. In addition, Meredith claimed 2,500 wounded birds had died as a result of their [[injury|injuries]].<ref name="Johnson2008" /> In judging the success of the war, an article in the ''Coolgardie Miner'' on 23 August 1935 reported that although the use of machine guns had been "criticised in many quarters, the method proved effective and saved what remained of the wheat".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/217998228?searchTerm=emu%20war%20effective&searchLimits= |title=Another "Emu War"? |newspaper=[[Coolgardie Miner]] |via=[[Trove]] |date=23 August 1935 |access-date=9 December 2019}}</ref> == Aftermath == [[File:Emu Side.JPG|thumb|Despite being attacked by the Australian Army, the IUCN rates the emu as a species of least concern.<ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn|page= e.T22678117A131902466 |title= ''Dromaius novaehollandiae'' |author= [[BirdLife International]] |year= 2018 |accessdate= 15 February 2020}}</ref> ]] [[File:Rabbit-proof-fence-000876d.jpg|thumb|Rabbit proof fence in 1926]] [[File:Rabbit proof fence in 2005.jpg|thumb|Rabbit proof fence in 2005]] In and after 1930, farmers built fences to keep emus out of farms. The fences stopped [[dingo]]es and [[rabbit]]s too.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McKnight|first=Tom|date=July 1969|title=Barrier Fencing for Vermin Control in Australia|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_geographical-review_1969-07_59_3/page/330|journal=Geographical Review|volume= 59| issue = 3|pages=330–347|jstor=213480|doi=10.2307/213480}}</ref><ref>[http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/18516559 New Strategy in a War on the Emu, ''The (Sydney) Sunday Herald'', (Sunday, 5 July 1953), p13.]</ref> By December 1932, people in the [[United Kingdom]] had heard about the Emu War. Some [[Conservation movement|people who cared about animals]] said killing the emus was bad. They called it "[[Extinction|extermination]] of the rare emu".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Jenkins|first=C.F.H.|title=The Wanderings of an Entomologist|publisher=[[Cornell University Press]]|year=1988|page=8|isbn=978-0-7316-2888-9}}</ref> Dominic Serventy and Hubert Whittell, Australian [[Ornithologist|ornithologists]], described the "war" as "an attempt at the mass destruction of the birds".<ref name=Serventy>{{Cite book|last=Serventy|first=Dominic Louis|author2=Hubert Massey Whittell|title=A Handbook of the Birds of Western Australia (with the exception of the Kimberley Division)|publisher=Patersons Press; Original: University of Wisconsin Press|year=1948|page=63}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/blogs/on-this-day/2016/11/on-this-day-the-emu-wars-begin |title=Gore, J.G., "Looking Back: Australia's Emu Wars", ''Australian Geographic'', Wednesday, 2 November 2016. |access-date=29 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421023023/http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/blogs/on-this-day/2016/11/on-this-day-the-emu-wars-begin |archive-date=21 April 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/running-ponies/the-great-emu-war-in-which-some-large-flightless-birds-unwittingly-foiled-the-australian-army Crew, B., "The Great Emu War: In which some large, flightless birds unwittingly foiled the Australian Army", ''Scientific American Blogs'', Monday, 4 August 2014.]</ref> Some farmers asked the army to fight the emus again in 1934, 1943, and 1948. Each year, the government said no.<ref name="Johnson2008" /><ref>[http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/55872191 Request to Use Bombs to Kill Emus, ''The (Adelaide) Mail'', (Saturday, 3 July 1943), p.12.]</ref> Instead, the government continued the [[Bounty hunter|bounty]] system that had started in 1923. This worked. For six months in 1934, Western Australians killed 57,034 emus and asked for the bounty money.<ref name="Boom" /> In November 1950, [[Hugh Leslie]], a newspaper editor and state and federal politician from Western Australia, complained about emus in federal parliament. He asked the Army Minister [[Josiah Francis]] to give [[British .303|.303 ammunition]] from the army to farmers to kill the emus. The minister said yes and gave 500,000 [[Bullet|bullets]] to the farmers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/218049072|title=Control of emus|newspaper=Coolgardie Miner|date=30 November 1950}}</ref> ==Legacy== [[Playwright]] Simeon Yialeloglou and [[composer]] James Court made a [[Musical theater|musical]] adaptation of the story in [[Melbourne]] in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grassroots 2019 |url=http://www.homegrownaus.com/grassroots-2019 |access-date=2021-06-16 |website=Home Grown |language=en-US}}</ref> A movie about the War, written by [[John Cleese]], Monty Franklin, and [[Rob Schneider]], is being planned.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-08 |title=British and US comedy legends bring bizarre chapter of Australian history to big screen |url=https://7news.com.au/entertainment/john-cleese-rob-schneider-write-script-for-australian-emu-war-movie-c-2307774 |access-date=2021-06-16 |website=7NEWS.com.au |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-09 |title=Australia's Emu War spawns feature film, jokes and memes 90 years on |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-12-10/great-emu-war-90-years-on-army-wheatbelt-battle-history/101752238 |access-date=2023-01-25 |website=abc.net.au |language=en}}</ref> == Related pages == * [[Emu]] == References == {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * [http://www.emugigs.com/emuwar/ How we lost the "Emu War"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108092537/http://www.emugigs.com/emuwar/ |date=2020-11-08 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092700/http://www.naturebase.net/pdf/plants_animals/living_with_wildlife/0805_emu.pdf Plants & Animals: Emu] * {{Cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article4508317|title=Attack on Emus|work=The Argus|date=12 November 1932}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Birds of Australia]] [[Category:Pests]] [[Category:Military of Australia]] [[Category:1932]] 4wj35x2i04sahsu4fmupl20f2n99tme 14 742132 10368047 10287198 2025-07-02T18:19:59Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 not popcat (WP:POPCAT) 10368047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{container category}} [[Category:Establishments by country and century|Viceroyalty of Peru]] [[Category:Establishments in the Spanish Empire by century|Peru]] [[Category:Establishments in South America by century|Viceroyalty of Peru]] [[Category:Categories by century]] c4nlv40asfc773ucifn1zxsna6x48fu 0 745079 10368578 9213674 2025-07-03T00:26:28Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 Typo: duplication 10368578 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Vickers Viscount 745D, Capital Airlines JP7167210.jpg|thumb|250px|A Capital Airlines [[Vickers Viscount]] similar to the one which crashed.]] '''Capital Airlines Flight 20''' was a [[United States|U.S.]] airplane flight from [[Washington, D.C.]] to [[Norfolk, Virginia]] on January 18, 1960. The airplane that was flying was a [[Vickers Viscount]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lessonslearned.faa.gov/ll_main.cfm?TabID=1&LLID=74|title=Capital Airlines Flight 20, Vickers-Armstrongs Viscount, N7462|website=faa.gov|access-date=2020-03-16|archive-date=2021-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319055757/https://lessonslearned.faa.gov/ll_main.cfm?TabID=1&LLID=74|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Accident == The airplane had 4 engines. It was very cold. The outside of the airplane started to freeze. Two of the engines stopped, then later the other two engines stopped working. When the plane crashed everyone died.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lessonslearned.faa.gov/CapitalAirlines20/CAB_Accident_Report.pdf|title=CAB Accident Report|website=faa.gov|access-date=2020-03-16|archive-date=2017-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209021323/http://lessonslearned.faa.gov/CapitalAirlines20/CAB_Accident_Report.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The next year, [[1961]], Capital airlines [[merged]] with [[United Airlines]]. == References == {{reflist}} {{US-stub}} [[Category:20th century in Virginia]] [[Category:1960 in the United States]] [[Category:Disasters in the 1960s]] [[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States]] o7gogrw0xnlspckeuiqa60s6il9wjup 3 747198 10367771 10365306 2025-07-02T15:11:32Z 50.29.112.32 /* Can you please put Ney Matogrosso in this Article? */ new section 10367771 wikitext text/x-wiki {{user talk page}} {{#babel:en-N|en-us-5|ja-N}} {{userboxtop}} {{User wikipedia/Administrator}} {{User Wikimedia Commons}} {{User Meta-Wiki}} {{User:Chemicalinterest/article|280}} {{User Wikipedian For|year=2017|month=8}} {{userboxbottom}} ==Archives== * [[User talk:MathXplore/2020|2020]] - all talks in 2020 are archived at here. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore#top|talk]]) 01:58, 18 January 2021 (UTC) * [[User talk:MathXplore/2021|2021]] - all talks in 2021. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore#top|talk]]) 04:24, 4 January 2022 (UTC) * [[/2022]] - all talks in 2022. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore#top|talk]]) 08:14, 1 January 2023 (UTC) * [[/2023]] - talks in 2023. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore#top|talk]]) 05:20, 1 March 2023 (UTC) * [[/2024]] - talks in 2024. * [[/2025]] - talks in 2025. == A barnstar for you! == {{Template:Barnstar|For your tireless work categorising, referencing, editing, and all around being an amazing contributor. [[User:Elytrian|<span style="color:#330099">Elytrian</span>]] - [[User talk:Elytrian|<span style="color:#870000">T</span><span style="color:#6d0000">a</span><span style="color:#490000">l</span><span style="color:#190a05">k</span>]] 11:19, 20 July 2021 (UTC)}}[[User:Elytrian|<span style="color:#330099">Elytrian</span>]] - [[User talk:Elytrian|<span style="color:#870000">T</span><span style="color:#6d0000">a</span><span style="color:#490000">l</span><span style="color:#190a05">k</span>]] 11:19, 20 July 2021 (UTC) == A barnstar for you! == {{Barnstar|''For your tireless work and being an amazing contributor''|img=Barnstar2.png}} --[[User:Hiya2011|Hiya2011]] ([[User talk:Hiya2011|talk]]) 23:41, 19 August 2021 (UTC) == Happy holidays == <div style="border-style:solid; border-color:#FF4646; background-color:#F6F0F7; border-width:2px; text-align:left; padding:7px; border-radius: 1em; -moz-border-radius: 1em; -webkit-border-radius: 1em; box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75); -moz-box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75); -webkit-box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75);<!-- -->;" class="plainlinks">[[File:Happy Holidays (2135831016).jpg|217px|left]][[File:Arbuckle Bros. (3093003361).jpg|190px|right]][[File:Season's Greetings, Christmas Card from 320 Ranch.jpg|217px|left]]{{Center|[[File:Happy Holidays text.png|301px]]}} '''Hello MathXplore:''' Enjoy the '''[[Christmas and holiday season|holiday season]]'''&#32;and '''[[winter solstice]]''' if it's occurring in your area of the world, and thanks for your work to maintain, improve and expand [[Wikipedia]]. Cheers, --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]])</small> 17:25, 23 December 2021 (UTC) [[File:A book of country clouds and sunshine (1897), cropped.jpg|center|500px]]{{paragraph break}} </div> <div style="padding-left: 2em; margin-top: 1em; font-size: 88%; font-style: italic">Spread the WikiLove; use {{tls|Season's Greetings}} to send this message</div>{{-}} == For You, A Barnstar ! == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Kanglei Barnstar.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Kanglei Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | For your outstanding contributions of proper in-depth categorisation of articles on [[Manipur]] and her [[North East India|Seven sister states]], you deserve '''THE KANGLEI BARNSTAR'''! Keep it up! :) [[User:Haoreima|Haoreima]] ([[User talk:Haoreima|talk]]) 15:50, 22 January 2022 (UTC) |} == A barnstar for you! == {{Barnstar|''i don't have any words to thanks you but this is for your work, dedication''|img=Barnstar2.png}} : {{done}} Thanks - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 02:20, 20 March 2024 (UTC) == Barnstar again! == {| class="barnstar" style="padding: 5px; border: 1px solid {{{border|gray}}}; background-color: {{{color|#fdffe7}}};" |- |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{SAFESUBST:<noinclude />#ifeq:{{{2}}}|alt|[[Image:Recent Changes Hires.png|100px]]|[[Image:Recent changes.png|100px]]}} |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The New Changes Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | This barnstar is for your excellent work in patrolling new changes, improving articles and changes that are made by others, and continuing to go above and beyond in making this project a better place for the community and our readers. Thank you! [[User:Griffinofwales|Griff]] ([[User talk:Griffinofwales|talk]]) 11:18, 17 February 2022 (UTC) |} == Thank You == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Tireless Contributor Barnstar Hires.gif|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Tireless Contributor Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | For your tireless work here such as creating new categories and fixing articles! --[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 15:22, 25 March 2022 (UTC) |} == A barnstar for you! == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" width=100% |rowspan="2" valign="middle" width=75px | [[File:Working Wikimedian's Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Working {{#switch: {{{2}}} |w=Woman's |m=Man's |#default=Wikipedian's }} Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Thank you for your contributions in new pages and categories!— [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 05:20, 16 April 2022 (UTC) |} == A barnstar for you! == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Tireless Contributor Barnstar Hires.gif|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Tireless Contributor Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Congrats on becoming the 5th person on this wiki to reach 100,000 edits! Thanks for all the work you do!! --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]])</small> 21:40, 30 September 2022 (UTC) |} ==A barnstar for you!== {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:WikiDefender_Barnstar.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Defender of the Wiki Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Math I have noticed you work nonstop doing various tasks all over the Simplewiki from antivandalism to article work as well as cataloging on Wikidata and wanted to thank you. You actually inspired me to start working on Wikidata as well. Thank you. <mark style="background:Silver">[[User:Bobherry|<span style="color:Red">Bobherry</span>]] [[User talk:Bobherry|<span style="color:White">Talk</span>]] [[Special:Contributions/Bobherry|<span style="color:Blue">My Changes</span>]] </mark> 14:01, 3 June 2023 (UTC) |} == Barnstar for you == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Barnstar of Reversion Hires.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Anti-Vandalism Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | You keep beating me to reverts..... [[User:Prodraxis|<span style="font-family:monospace,Courier;color:#515151">#prodraxis</span>]] [[User talk:Prodraxis|<sup><span style="Color:Green">connect</span></sup>]] 14:11, 5 September 2023 (UTC) |} ==Barnstar== {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[File:Categorisation barnstar1b.png|125px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Categorisation Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Well done on your work with categorization of the mainspace. Thanks for your hard work. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:32, 10 September 2023 (UTC) |} == Merry Christmas == <div style="border-style:solid; border-color:#01902a; background-color:#fff; border-width:3px; text-align:left; padding:2px;"><div style="border-style:solid; border-color:red; background-color:#fff; border-width:2px; text-align:left; padding:6px;" class="plainlinks">[[File:Xmas colors, 2013 (photo by David J).jpg|x80px|left]] [[User:Haoreima|Haoreima]] ([[User talk:Haoreima|talk]]) is wishing you a [[Christmas|Merry Christmas]]! This greeting (and season) promotes [[Wikipedia:WikiLove|WikiLove]] and hopefully this note has made your day a little better. Spread the WikiLove by wishing another user a [[Christmas|Merry Christmas]], whether it be someone you have had disagreements with in the past, a good friend, or just some random person. Happy New Year! <br /> ''Spread the cheer by adding {{tls|Xmas5}} to their talk page with a friendly message.'' </div></div> [[User:Haoreima|Haoreima]] ([[User talk:Haoreima|talk]]) 18:53, 24 December 2023 (UTC) == Thank you! == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Tireless Contributor Barnstar Hires.gif|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Tireless Contributor Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | For helping clean up titles when students failed to pay attention to capitalization of names, even when reminded! [[User:Castilibrary2|Castilibrary2]] ([[User talk:Castilibrary2|talk]]) 18:21, 14 February 2024 (UTC) |} == Nothing higher == {| style="border: .5px dashed pink; background-color: #dcfffb;" |rowspan="2" valign="top" | [[File:Goldenwiki 2.png|100px|Golden Wiki Award]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: bottom; height: 1.1em; color: black" | '''The Golden Wiki Award''' |- |style="center-align: top; border-top: .5px solid gray; color: black" | For everything you do here and always being civil!Thanks - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub>[[:meta:SWMT|SWMT]] |} == Barnstar of Diligence == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Barnstar_of_Diligence.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Barnstar of Diligence''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Keep up the good work!! [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">ouch</i>]]</sup> 12:03, 27 June 2024 (UTC) |} == You deserve this == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Administrator Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Admin's Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | For all the work you've done here! <span style="background-color:black;color:green;border:2px black;border-radius:2px 10px 2px 10px;">[[User:Haumeon|🪐]]●[[User talk: Haumeon|<span style="color:green;">Hau</span>]][[Special:Contribs/Haumeon|<span style="color:white;">meon</span>]]</span> 19:15, 9 September 2024 (UTC) |} == Thank you for being a medical contributors! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|130px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''The 2024 Cure Award''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |In 2024 you '''[[mdwiki:WikiProjectMed:WikiProject_Medicine/Stats/Top_medical_editors_2024_(all)|were one of the top medical editors in your language]]'''. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We really appreciate you and the vital work you do! Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider joining for 2025]]''', there are no associated costs. Additionally one of our primary efforts revolves around translating health content. We invite you to '''[https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php try our new workflow]''' if you have not already. Our dashboard automatically [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php collects statistics] of your efforts and we are working on [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/fixwikirefs.php tools to automatically improve formating]. |} Thanks again :-) -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 06:22, 26 January 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Other_Language_Editors_2024&oldid=28172893 --> == The Special Barnstar == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Special Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Special Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Just wanted to say thank you not only for (very kindly) [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Requests_for_checkuser&diff=prev&oldid=10179630#Recent_enwiki_copy-paste_link_spam_incidents doing this CU request] but also for your hard work on this project, You're a valued asset and a credit to Wikipedia and without a shadow of doubt we would be worse off without you. Thank you for all that you do here, Your efforts, patience and hard work don't go unnoticed and are certainly greatly appreciated, Happy editing and blocking :), Take care and stay safe, Warm Regards, Dave // –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 16:51, 9 April 2025 (UTC) (Thank you again for filing the CU request, I greatly appreciate that - I was ready to ask at ANI why they were declined but I guess you answered that question :), I'll go to CU in future for cases such as that but yeah thanks again for filing the CU request and for your hard work here, both are greatly appreciated, Thanks,) |} == Can you please put [[:en:Ney Matogrosso|Ney Matogrosso]] in this Article? == @[[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] and @[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]]? Yes [[Special:Contributions/50.29.112.32|50.29.112.32]] ([[User talk:50.29.112.32|talk]]) 15:11, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ss4tbua0tt84hi9c2yjlhntcte1cjuw 10368134 10367771 2025-07-02T19:33:03Z 2A00:23A8:5B:301:2CAE:449:41C1:85E8 /* Vandalism */ new section 10368134 wikitext text/x-wiki {{user talk page}} {{#babel:en-N|en-us-5|ja-N}} {{userboxtop}} {{User wikipedia/Administrator}} {{User Wikimedia Commons}} {{User Meta-Wiki}} {{User:Chemicalinterest/article|280}} {{User Wikipedian For|year=2017|month=8}} {{userboxbottom}} ==Archives== * [[User talk:MathXplore/2020|2020]] - all talks in 2020 are archived at here. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore#top|talk]]) 01:58, 18 January 2021 (UTC) * [[User talk:MathXplore/2021|2021]] - all talks in 2021. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore#top|talk]]) 04:24, 4 January 2022 (UTC) * [[/2022]] - all talks in 2022. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore#top|talk]]) 08:14, 1 January 2023 (UTC) * [[/2023]] - talks in 2023. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore#top|talk]]) 05:20, 1 March 2023 (UTC) * [[/2024]] - talks in 2024. * [[/2025]] - talks in 2025. == A barnstar for you! == {{Template:Barnstar|For your tireless work categorising, referencing, editing, and all around being an amazing contributor. [[User:Elytrian|<span style="color:#330099">Elytrian</span>]] - [[User talk:Elytrian|<span style="color:#870000">T</span><span style="color:#6d0000">a</span><span style="color:#490000">l</span><span style="color:#190a05">k</span>]] 11:19, 20 July 2021 (UTC)}}[[User:Elytrian|<span style="color:#330099">Elytrian</span>]] - [[User talk:Elytrian|<span style="color:#870000">T</span><span style="color:#6d0000">a</span><span style="color:#490000">l</span><span style="color:#190a05">k</span>]] 11:19, 20 July 2021 (UTC) == A barnstar for you! == {{Barnstar|''For your tireless work and being an amazing contributor''|img=Barnstar2.png}} --[[User:Hiya2011|Hiya2011]] ([[User talk:Hiya2011|talk]]) 23:41, 19 August 2021 (UTC) == Happy holidays == <div style="border-style:solid; border-color:#FF4646; background-color:#F6F0F7; border-width:2px; text-align:left; padding:7px; border-radius: 1em; -moz-border-radius: 1em; -webkit-border-radius: 1em; box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75); -moz-box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75); -webkit-box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75);<!-- -->;" class="plainlinks">[[File:Happy Holidays (2135831016).jpg|217px|left]][[File:Arbuckle Bros. (3093003361).jpg|190px|right]][[File:Season's Greetings, Christmas Card from 320 Ranch.jpg|217px|left]]{{Center|[[File:Happy Holidays text.png|301px]]}} '''Hello MathXplore:''' Enjoy the '''[[Christmas and holiday season|holiday season]]'''&#32;and '''[[winter solstice]]''' if it's occurring in your area of the world, and thanks for your work to maintain, improve and expand [[Wikipedia]]. Cheers, --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]])</small> 17:25, 23 December 2021 (UTC) [[File:A book of country clouds and sunshine (1897), cropped.jpg|center|500px]]{{paragraph break}} </div> <div style="padding-left: 2em; margin-top: 1em; font-size: 88%; font-style: italic">Spread the WikiLove; use {{tls|Season's Greetings}} to send this message</div>{{-}} == For You, A Barnstar ! == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Kanglei Barnstar.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Kanglei Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | For your outstanding contributions of proper in-depth categorisation of articles on [[Manipur]] and her [[North East India|Seven sister states]], you deserve '''THE KANGLEI BARNSTAR'''! Keep it up! :) [[User:Haoreima|Haoreima]] ([[User talk:Haoreima|talk]]) 15:50, 22 January 2022 (UTC) |} == A barnstar for you! == {{Barnstar|''i don't have any words to thanks you but this is for your work, dedication''|img=Barnstar2.png}} : {{done}} Thanks - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 02:20, 20 March 2024 (UTC) == Barnstar again! == {| class="barnstar" style="padding: 5px; border: 1px solid {{{border|gray}}}; background-color: {{{color|#fdffe7}}};" |- |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{SAFESUBST:<noinclude />#ifeq:{{{2}}}|alt|[[Image:Recent Changes Hires.png|100px]]|[[Image:Recent changes.png|100px]]}} |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The New Changes Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | This barnstar is for your excellent work in patrolling new changes, improving articles and changes that are made by others, and continuing to go above and beyond in making this project a better place for the community and our readers. Thank you! [[User:Griffinofwales|Griff]] ([[User talk:Griffinofwales|talk]]) 11:18, 17 February 2022 (UTC) |} == Thank You == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Tireless Contributor Barnstar Hires.gif|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Tireless Contributor Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | For your tireless work here such as creating new categories and fixing articles! --[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 15:22, 25 March 2022 (UTC) |} == A barnstar for you! == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" width=100% |rowspan="2" valign="middle" width=75px | [[File:Working Wikimedian's Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Working {{#switch: {{{2}}} |w=Woman's |m=Man's |#default=Wikipedian's }} Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Thank you for your contributions in new pages and categories!— [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 05:20, 16 April 2022 (UTC) |} == A barnstar for you! == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Tireless Contributor Barnstar Hires.gif|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Tireless Contributor Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Congrats on becoming the 5th person on this wiki to reach 100,000 edits! Thanks for all the work you do!! --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]])</small> 21:40, 30 September 2022 (UTC) |} ==A barnstar for you!== {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:WikiDefender_Barnstar.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Defender of the Wiki Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Math I have noticed you work nonstop doing various tasks all over the Simplewiki from antivandalism to article work as well as cataloging on Wikidata and wanted to thank you. You actually inspired me to start working on Wikidata as well. Thank you. <mark style="background:Silver">[[User:Bobherry|<span style="color:Red">Bobherry</span>]] [[User talk:Bobherry|<span style="color:White">Talk</span>]] [[Special:Contributions/Bobherry|<span style="color:Blue">My Changes</span>]] </mark> 14:01, 3 June 2023 (UTC) |} == Barnstar for you == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Barnstar of Reversion Hires.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Anti-Vandalism Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | You keep beating me to reverts..... [[User:Prodraxis|<span style="font-family:monospace,Courier;color:#515151">#prodraxis</span>]] [[User talk:Prodraxis|<sup><span style="Color:Green">connect</span></sup>]] 14:11, 5 September 2023 (UTC) |} ==Barnstar== {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[File:Categorisation barnstar1b.png|125px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Categorisation Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Well done on your work with categorization of the mainspace. Thanks for your hard work. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:32, 10 September 2023 (UTC) |} == Merry Christmas == <div style="border-style:solid; border-color:#01902a; background-color:#fff; border-width:3px; text-align:left; padding:2px;"><div style="border-style:solid; border-color:red; background-color:#fff; border-width:2px; text-align:left; padding:6px;" class="plainlinks">[[File:Xmas colors, 2013 (photo by David J).jpg|x80px|left]] [[User:Haoreima|Haoreima]] ([[User talk:Haoreima|talk]]) is wishing you a [[Christmas|Merry Christmas]]! This greeting (and season) promotes [[Wikipedia:WikiLove|WikiLove]] and hopefully this note has made your day a little better. Spread the WikiLove by wishing another user a [[Christmas|Merry Christmas]], whether it be someone you have had disagreements with in the past, a good friend, or just some random person. Happy New Year! <br /> ''Spread the cheer by adding {{tls|Xmas5}} to their talk page with a friendly message.'' </div></div> [[User:Haoreima|Haoreima]] ([[User talk:Haoreima|talk]]) 18:53, 24 December 2023 (UTC) == Thank you! == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Tireless Contributor Barnstar Hires.gif|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Tireless Contributor Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | For helping clean up titles when students failed to pay attention to capitalization of names, even when reminded! [[User:Castilibrary2|Castilibrary2]] ([[User talk:Castilibrary2|talk]]) 18:21, 14 February 2024 (UTC) |} == Nothing higher == {| style="border: .5px dashed pink; background-color: #dcfffb;" |rowspan="2" valign="top" | [[File:Goldenwiki 2.png|100px|Golden Wiki Award]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: bottom; height: 1.1em; color: black" | '''The Golden Wiki Award''' |- |style="center-align: top; border-top: .5px solid gray; color: black" | For everything you do here and always being civil!Thanks - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub>[[:meta:SWMT|SWMT]] |} == Barnstar of Diligence == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Barnstar_of_Diligence.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Barnstar of Diligence''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Keep up the good work!! [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">ouch</i>]]</sup> 12:03, 27 June 2024 (UTC) |} == You deserve this == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Administrator Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Admin's Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | For all the work you've done here! <span style="background-color:black;color:green;border:2px black;border-radius:2px 10px 2px 10px;">[[User:Haumeon|🪐]]●[[User talk: Haumeon|<span style="color:green;">Hau</span>]][[Special:Contribs/Haumeon|<span style="color:white;">meon</span>]]</span> 19:15, 9 September 2024 (UTC) |} == Thank you for being a medical contributors! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|130px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''The 2024 Cure Award''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |In 2024 you '''[[mdwiki:WikiProjectMed:WikiProject_Medicine/Stats/Top_medical_editors_2024_(all)|were one of the top medical editors in your language]]'''. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We really appreciate you and the vital work you do! Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider joining for 2025]]''', there are no associated costs. Additionally one of our primary efforts revolves around translating health content. We invite you to '''[https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php try our new workflow]''' if you have not already. Our dashboard automatically [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php collects statistics] of your efforts and we are working on [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/fixwikirefs.php tools to automatically improve formating]. |} Thanks again :-) -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 06:22, 26 January 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Other_Language_Editors_2024&oldid=28172893 --> == The Special Barnstar == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Special Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Special Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Just wanted to say thank you not only for (very kindly) [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Requests_for_checkuser&diff=prev&oldid=10179630#Recent_enwiki_copy-paste_link_spam_incidents doing this CU request] but also for your hard work on this project, You're a valued asset and a credit to Wikipedia and without a shadow of doubt we would be worse off without you. Thank you for all that you do here, Your efforts, patience and hard work don't go unnoticed and are certainly greatly appreciated, Happy editing and blocking :), Take care and stay safe, Warm Regards, Dave // –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 16:51, 9 April 2025 (UTC) (Thank you again for filing the CU request, I greatly appreciate that - I was ready to ask at ANI why they were declined but I guess you answered that question :), I'll go to CU in future for cases such as that but yeah thanks again for filing the CU request and for your hard work here, both are greatly appreciated, Thanks,) |} == Can you please put [[:en:Ney Matogrosso|Ney Matogrosso]] in this Article? == @[[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] and @[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]]? Yes [[Special:Contributions/50.29.112.32|50.29.112.32]] ([[User talk:50.29.112.32|talk]]) 15:11, 2 July 2025 (UTC) == Vandalism == He's back again!! [[Special:Contributions/2A00:23A8:5B:301:2CAE:449:41C1:85E8|2A00:23A8:5B:301:2CAE:449:41C1:85E8]] ([[User talk:2A00:23A8:5B:301:2CAE:449:41C1:85E8|talk]]) 19:33, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 9mlm68o3pkydzy9yckiado8tf3bpmwd 10368269 10368134 2025-07-02T21:12:43Z MathXplore 966595 Restored revision 10365306 by [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[en:w:User:BrandonXLF/Restorer|Restorer]]) 10368269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{user talk page}} {{#babel:en-N|en-us-5|ja-N}} {{userboxtop}} {{User wikipedia/Administrator}} {{User Wikimedia Commons}} {{User Meta-Wiki}} {{User:Chemicalinterest/article|280}} {{User Wikipedian For|year=2017|month=8}} {{userboxbottom}} ==Archives== * [[User talk:MathXplore/2020|2020]] - all talks in 2020 are archived at here. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore#top|talk]]) 01:58, 18 January 2021 (UTC) * [[User talk:MathXplore/2021|2021]] - all talks in 2021. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore#top|talk]]) 04:24, 4 January 2022 (UTC) * [[/2022]] - all talks in 2022. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore#top|talk]]) 08:14, 1 January 2023 (UTC) * [[/2023]] - talks in 2023. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore#top|talk]]) 05:20, 1 March 2023 (UTC) * [[/2024]] - talks in 2024. * [[/2025]] - talks in 2025. == A barnstar for you! == {{Template:Barnstar|For your tireless work categorising, referencing, editing, and all around being an amazing contributor. [[User:Elytrian|<span style="color:#330099">Elytrian</span>]] - [[User talk:Elytrian|<span style="color:#870000">T</span><span style="color:#6d0000">a</span><span style="color:#490000">l</span><span style="color:#190a05">k</span>]] 11:19, 20 July 2021 (UTC)}}[[User:Elytrian|<span style="color:#330099">Elytrian</span>]] - [[User talk:Elytrian|<span style="color:#870000">T</span><span style="color:#6d0000">a</span><span style="color:#490000">l</span><span style="color:#190a05">k</span>]] 11:19, 20 July 2021 (UTC) == A barnstar for you! == {{Barnstar|''For your tireless work and being an amazing contributor''|img=Barnstar2.png}} --[[User:Hiya2011|Hiya2011]] ([[User talk:Hiya2011|talk]]) 23:41, 19 August 2021 (UTC) == Happy holidays == <div style="border-style:solid; border-color:#FF4646; background-color:#F6F0F7; border-width:2px; text-align:left; padding:7px; border-radius: 1em; -moz-border-radius: 1em; -webkit-border-radius: 1em; box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75); -moz-box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75); -webkit-box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75);<!-- -->;" class="plainlinks">[[File:Happy Holidays (2135831016).jpg|217px|left]][[File:Arbuckle Bros. (3093003361).jpg|190px|right]][[File:Season's Greetings, Christmas Card from 320 Ranch.jpg|217px|left]]{{Center|[[File:Happy Holidays text.png|301px]]}} '''Hello MathXplore:''' Enjoy the '''[[Christmas and holiday season|holiday season]]'''&#32;and '''[[winter solstice]]''' if it's occurring in your area of the world, and thanks for your work to maintain, improve and expand [[Wikipedia]]. Cheers, --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]])</small> 17:25, 23 December 2021 (UTC) [[File:A book of country clouds and sunshine (1897), cropped.jpg|center|500px]]{{paragraph break}} </div> <div style="padding-left: 2em; margin-top: 1em; font-size: 88%; font-style: italic">Spread the WikiLove; use {{tls|Season's Greetings}} to send this message</div>{{-}} == For You, A Barnstar ! == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Kanglei Barnstar.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Kanglei Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | For your outstanding contributions of proper in-depth categorisation of articles on [[Manipur]] and her [[North East India|Seven sister states]], you deserve '''THE KANGLEI BARNSTAR'''! Keep it up! :) [[User:Haoreima|Haoreima]] ([[User talk:Haoreima|talk]]) 15:50, 22 January 2022 (UTC) |} == A barnstar for you! == {{Barnstar|''i don't have any words to thanks you but this is for your work, dedication''|img=Barnstar2.png}} : {{done}} Thanks - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 02:20, 20 March 2024 (UTC) == Barnstar again! == {| class="barnstar" style="padding: 5px; border: 1px solid {{{border|gray}}}; background-color: {{{color|#fdffe7}}};" |- |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{SAFESUBST:<noinclude />#ifeq:{{{2}}}|alt|[[Image:Recent Changes Hires.png|100px]]|[[Image:Recent changes.png|100px]]}} |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The New Changes Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | This barnstar is for your excellent work in patrolling new changes, improving articles and changes that are made by others, and continuing to go above and beyond in making this project a better place for the community and our readers. Thank you! [[User:Griffinofwales|Griff]] ([[User talk:Griffinofwales|talk]]) 11:18, 17 February 2022 (UTC) |} == Thank You == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Tireless Contributor Barnstar Hires.gif|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Tireless Contributor Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | For your tireless work here such as creating new categories and fixing articles! --[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 15:22, 25 March 2022 (UTC) |} == A barnstar for you! == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" width=100% |rowspan="2" valign="middle" width=75px | [[File:Working Wikimedian's Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Working {{#switch: {{{2}}} |w=Woman's |m=Man's |#default=Wikipedian's }} Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Thank you for your contributions in new pages and categories!— [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 05:20, 16 April 2022 (UTC) |} == A barnstar for you! == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Tireless Contributor Barnstar Hires.gif|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Tireless Contributor Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Congrats on becoming the 5th person on this wiki to reach 100,000 edits! Thanks for all the work you do!! --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]])</small> 21:40, 30 September 2022 (UTC) |} ==A barnstar for you!== {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:WikiDefender_Barnstar.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Defender of the Wiki Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Math I have noticed you work nonstop doing various tasks all over the Simplewiki from antivandalism to article work as well as cataloging on Wikidata and wanted to thank you. You actually inspired me to start working on Wikidata as well. Thank you. <mark style="background:Silver">[[User:Bobherry|<span style="color:Red">Bobherry</span>]] [[User talk:Bobherry|<span style="color:White">Talk</span>]] [[Special:Contributions/Bobherry|<span style="color:Blue">My Changes</span>]] </mark> 14:01, 3 June 2023 (UTC) |} == Barnstar for you == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Barnstar of Reversion Hires.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Anti-Vandalism Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | You keep beating me to reverts..... [[User:Prodraxis|<span style="font-family:monospace,Courier;color:#515151">#prodraxis</span>]] [[User talk:Prodraxis|<sup><span style="Color:Green">connect</span></sup>]] 14:11, 5 September 2023 (UTC) |} ==Barnstar== {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[File:Categorisation barnstar1b.png|125px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Categorisation Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Well done on your work with categorization of the mainspace. Thanks for your hard work. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:32, 10 September 2023 (UTC) |} == Merry Christmas == <div style="border-style:solid; border-color:#01902a; background-color:#fff; border-width:3px; text-align:left; padding:2px;"><div style="border-style:solid; border-color:red; background-color:#fff; border-width:2px; text-align:left; padding:6px;" class="plainlinks">[[File:Xmas colors, 2013 (photo by David J).jpg|x80px|left]] [[User:Haoreima|Haoreima]] ([[User talk:Haoreima|talk]]) is wishing you a [[Christmas|Merry Christmas]]! This greeting (and season) promotes [[Wikipedia:WikiLove|WikiLove]] and hopefully this note has made your day a little better. Spread the WikiLove by wishing another user a [[Christmas|Merry Christmas]], whether it be someone you have had disagreements with in the past, a good friend, or just some random person. Happy New Year! <br /> ''Spread the cheer by adding {{tls|Xmas5}} to their talk page with a friendly message.'' </div></div> [[User:Haoreima|Haoreima]] ([[User talk:Haoreima|talk]]) 18:53, 24 December 2023 (UTC) == Thank you! == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Tireless Contributor Barnstar Hires.gif|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Tireless Contributor Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | For helping clean up titles when students failed to pay attention to capitalization of names, even when reminded! [[User:Castilibrary2|Castilibrary2]] ([[User talk:Castilibrary2|talk]]) 18:21, 14 February 2024 (UTC) |} == Nothing higher == {| style="border: .5px dashed pink; background-color: #dcfffb;" |rowspan="2" valign="top" | [[File:Goldenwiki 2.png|100px|Golden Wiki Award]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: bottom; height: 1.1em; color: black" | '''The Golden Wiki Award''' |- |style="center-align: top; border-top: .5px solid gray; color: black" | For everything you do here and always being civil!Thanks - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub>[[:meta:SWMT|SWMT]] |} == Barnstar of Diligence == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Barnstar_of_Diligence.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Barnstar of Diligence''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Keep up the good work!! [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">ouch</i>]]</sup> 12:03, 27 June 2024 (UTC) |} == You deserve this == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Administrator Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Admin's Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | For all the work you've done here! <span style="background-color:black;color:green;border:2px black;border-radius:2px 10px 2px 10px;">[[User:Haumeon|🪐]]●[[User talk: Haumeon|<span style="color:green;">Hau</span>]][[Special:Contribs/Haumeon|<span style="color:white;">meon</span>]]</span> 19:15, 9 September 2024 (UTC) |} == Thank you for being a medical contributors! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|130px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''The 2024 Cure Award''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |In 2024 you '''[[mdwiki:WikiProjectMed:WikiProject_Medicine/Stats/Top_medical_editors_2024_(all)|were one of the top medical editors in your language]]'''. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We really appreciate you and the vital work you do! Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider joining for 2025]]''', there are no associated costs. Additionally one of our primary efforts revolves around translating health content. We invite you to '''[https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php try our new workflow]''' if you have not already. Our dashboard automatically [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php collects statistics] of your efforts and we are working on [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/fixwikirefs.php tools to automatically improve formating]. |} Thanks again :-) -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 06:22, 26 January 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Other_Language_Editors_2024&oldid=28172893 --> == The Special Barnstar == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Special Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Special Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Just wanted to say thank you not only for (very kindly) [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Requests_for_checkuser&diff=prev&oldid=10179630#Recent_enwiki_copy-paste_link_spam_incidents doing this CU request] but also for your hard work on this project, You're a valued asset and a credit to Wikipedia and without a shadow of doubt we would be worse off without you. Thank you for all that you do here, Your efforts, patience and hard work don't go unnoticed and are certainly greatly appreciated, Happy editing and blocking :), Take care and stay safe, Warm Regards, Dave // –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 16:51, 9 April 2025 (UTC) (Thank you again for filing the CU request, I greatly appreciate that - I was ready to ask at ANI why they were declined but I guess you answered that question :), I'll go to CU in future for cases such as that but yeah thanks again for filing the CU request and for your hard work here, both are greatly appreciated, Thanks,) |} 2l4ap2de36mnc4h7my58fh88a30ov66 0 747686 10368311 10356639 2025-07-02T21:49:21Z 66.68.9.226 10368311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Italic title}} {{Use Canadian English|date=June 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=June 2025}} '''''Caillou''''' is a Canadian series of [[children's literature|children's books]] beginning in 1987 written by [[Christine L'Heureux]] and created by illustrator and writer [[Hélène Desputeaux]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Creation &#124; Caillou |url=https://www.chouette-publishing.com/EN/caillou/history |access-date=March 28, 2020 |archive-date=March 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328005336/https://www.chouette-publishing.com/EN/caillou/history |url-status=dead }}</ref> The books are the source material for a long-running [[Caillou|children's television series]] that first aired in 1997 until 2011 on Teletoon (now [[Cartoon Network Canada|Cartoon Network]]), and then [[Treehouse TV]] in Canada, and [[PBS Kids]] in the US, and then later aired in 2024 on [[Family Jr.]] in Canada, and [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]] in the US. == References == {{reflist}} {{lit-stub}} [[Category:1987 books]] [[Category:Caillou]] [[Category:Canadian literature]] [[Category:Children's books]] 50q8tk9s06ugrkmh0zh8lgfn7dsc9s8 10368360 10368311 2025-07-02T22:19:15Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C Undid revision 10368311 by [[Special:Contributions/66.68.9.226|66.68.9.226]] ([[User talk:66.68.9.226|talk]]) 10368360 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Italic title}} {{Use Canadian English|date=June 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=June 2025}} '''''Caillou''''' is a Canadian series of [[children's literature|children's books]] beginning in 1989 written by [[Christine L'Heureux]] and created by illustrator and writer [[Hélène Desputeaux]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Creation &#124; Caillou |url=https://www.chouette-publishing.com/EN/caillou/history |access-date=March 28, 2020 |archive-date=March 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328005336/https://www.chouette-publishing.com/EN/caillou/history |url-status=dead }}</ref> The books are the source material for a long-running [[Caillou|children's television series]] that first aired in 1997 until 2011 on Teletoon (now [[Cartoon Network Canada|Cartoon Network]]), and then [[Treehouse TV]] in Canada, and [[PBS Kids]] in the US, and then later aired in 2024 on [[Family Jr.]] in Canada, and [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]] in the US. == References == {{reflist}} {{lit-stub}} [[Category:1989 books]] [[Category:Caillou]] [[Category:Canadian literature]] [[Category:Children's books]] 1el4op7lzrqn4qnbgjz0hi6d52pxkce 0 748078 10369005 6882346 2025-07-03T05:44:24Z Huudk Jaska 1636048 10369005 wikitext text/x-wiki '''De Land''' is a [[village]] in [[Illinois]] in the [[United States]]. == Demography == As of the 2010 census, there were 446 people residing in De Land. The population density was 418.98/km². Of the 446 residents, De Land was made up of 98.43% White, 0.22% African American, 0% Native American, 0.45% Asian, 0% Pacific Islander, 0% were from other races, and 0.9% were from two or more races. Of the total population, 1.12% were Hispanic or Latino of any race{{US-geo-stub}} [[Category:Villages in Illinois]] sqdypbofpp96nm4qcc2vm9cqaqqthia 10369009 10369005 2025-07-03T05:45:47Z Huudk Jaska 1636048 references 10369009 wikitext text/x-wiki '''De Land''' is a [[village]] in [[Illinois]] in the [[United States]]. == Demography == As of the 2010 census, there were 446 people residing in De Land.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explore Census Data|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/|access-date=2025-07-03|website=data.census.gov}}</ref> The population density was 418.98/km². Of the 446 residents, De Land was made up of 98.43% White, 0.22% African American, 0% Native American, 0.45% Asian, 0% Pacific Islander, 0% were from other races, and 0.9% were from two or more races. Of the total population, 1.12% were Hispanic or Latino of any race.<ref>{{Cite web|title=U.S. Board on Geographic Names {{!}} U.S. Geological Survey|url=https://www.usgs.gov/us-board-on-geographic-names|access-date=2025-07-03|website=www.usgs.gov|language=en}}</ref>{{US-geo-stub}} [[Category:Villages in Illinois]] pwfodzcgoi3qcx5v5mscn54n9cwt8h3 10369010 10369009 2025-07-03T05:46:02Z Huudk Jaska 1636048 10369010 wikitext text/x-wiki '''De Land''' is a [[village]] in [[Illinois]] in the [[United States]]. == Demography == As of the 2010 census, there were 446 people residing in De Land.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explore Census Data|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/|access-date=2025-07-03|website=data.census.gov}}</ref> The population density was 418.98/km². Of the 446 residents, De Land was made up of 98.43% White, 0.22% African American, 0% Native American, 0.45% Asian, 0% Pacific Islander, 0% were from other races, and 0.9% were from two or more races. Of the total population, 1.12% were Hispanic or Latino of any race.<ref>{{Cite web|title=U.S. Board on Geographic Names {{!}} U.S. Geological Survey|url=https://www.usgs.gov/us-board-on-geographic-names|access-date=2025-07-03|website=www.usgs.gov|language=en}}</ref> == References == <references />{{US-geo-stub}} [[Category:Villages in Illinois]] 6599eqpcctzy7g018xwmpkajbotbq5w 0 749227 10368794 10310406 2025-07-03T02:51:09Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 typo: duplication 10368794 wikitext text/x-wiki {{location map+|India Tamil Nadu|width=260|caption=The Six Temples' location in [[Tamil Nadu]]|places= {{location map~|India Tamil Nadu|label=[[Thiruparankundram Murugan temple|Thiruparankundram]]|lat=9.8798|long=78.0711}} {{location map~|India Tamil Nadu|label=[[Tiruchendur Murugan Temple|Tiruchendur]]|lat=8.495833|long=78.129167}} {{location map~|India Tamil Nadu|label=[[Palani Murugan temple|Palani]]|lat=10.438805|long=77.520261}} {{location map~|India Tamil Nadu|label=[[Swaminathaswamy Temple, Swamimalai|Swamimalai]]|lat=10.956844|long=79.325776}} {{location map~|India Tamil Nadu|label=[[Thiruthani Murugan Temple|Thirutani]]|lat=13.171833|long=79.603769}} {{location map~|India Tamil Nadu|label=[[Pazhamudircholai]]|lat=10.094069|long=78.223445}} }} {{Infobox Hindu temple | name = Six Abodes of Murugan | image = | alt = | caption = | map_type = <!-- India Tamil Nadu --> | map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu | coordinates = | native_name = Six Holy Abodes of Lord Muruga | country = [[India]] | state = [[Tamil Nadu]] | district = | location = [[Thiruparankundram]], [[Tiruchendur]], [[Pazhani]], [[Swamimalai]], [[Thiruthani]], [[Pazhamudircholai]] | elevation_m = | deity = [[Murugan]] | festivals = [[Kaumaram]], [[Thaipusam]] | architecture = [[Ancient Tamil Architecture]] | temple_quantity = 6 | monument_quantity = | inscriptions = | established = | creator = | website = }} The '''Six Abodes of Murugan''' ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]: Ar''upadai veedu'') are six [[temple]]s in the [[South India]]n [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. The [[god]] is known by different names. These include [[Kartikeya]], Kanda, Vadivela and Murugan. The six most sacred [[house|abodes]] of Murugan were written about in Tamil [[sangam literature]]. They are mentioned in "Thirumurugatrupadai" by [[Nakkeerar]] and in "Thiruppugazh" by Arunagirinathar. The six abodes are [[:en:Subramaniya_Swamy_Temple,_Thiruparankundram|Thiruparankundram]], [[:en:Subramaniya_Swamy_Temple,_Tiruchendur|Tiruchendur]], [[:en:Dhandayuthapani_Swamy_Temple|Palani]], [[:en:Swaminatha_Swamy_Temple|Swamimalai]], [[:en:Subramaniya_Swamy_Temple,_Tiruttani|Thiruthani]] and [[:en:Murugan_Temple,_Pazhamudircholai|Pazhamudircholai]]. ==Murugan== The story of Lord Murugan is written about in [[Skanda Purana]]. Legend says that the [[demon]] Soorapadman [[torture]]d the [[Deva (Hinduism)|Devas]]. They complained to Lord [[Vishnu]] and [[Brahma]]. [[Kamadeva]] was sent to wake Lord [[Shiva]], who later gave birth to [[Kartikeya]]. Karthikeya killed Soorapadman and saved the devas. Muruga is shown as the god of love and war. Kartikeya married [[Valli]] and [[Deivayanai]] .<ref>{{cite news|title=Arupadaiveedu|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/12/stories/2010111259230200.htm|date=12 November 2010|access-date=3 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120063752/http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/12/stories/2010111259230200.htm|archive-date=20 November 2010|work=[[The Hindu]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> In Tamil literature five types of lands are explained. They are Kurinji ([[mountain]]s), Mullai ([[forest]]), Marutham ([[farming|agricultural]]), Neithal ([[coast]]al) and Palai ([[desert]]). Each land types has a defferent god. Lord [[Muruga]] is a leader of the Kurinji region.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sttemple.com/STT/english/murugan.asp |title=Worship of Murugan |access-date=26 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100126014218/http://www.sttemple.com/STT/english/murugan.asp |archive-date=26 January 2010 }}</ref> ==Religious importance== [[Arunagirinathar]] was a 15th-century Tamil poet born in [[Tiruvannamalai]]. When he was young, he was a [[riot]]er and seducer of women. After ruining his health, he tried to kill himself. He did this by jumping from the northern tower of [[Annamalaiyar Temple]]. He was saved by the god [[Murugan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=V.K. |first=Subramanian |title= 101 Mystics of India |year=2007 |publisher=Abhinav Publications|location=New Delhi |isbn=978-81-7017-471-4|page=109}}</ref> He became a staunch devotee and composed Tamil hymns glorifying Murugan, the most notable being ''Thirupugazh''.<ref>{{Citation |last=Aiyar |first=P.V.Jagadisa |title=South Indian Shrines: Illustrated |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NLSGFW1uZboC&q=tiruvannamalai&pg=PA190 |year=1982 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |location=New Delhi |isbn=81-206-0151-3 |pages=191–203 |access-date=4 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |first=Kamil |last=Zvelebil |title=Tamil literature, Volume 2, Part 1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OQ33i496MsIC&q=tiruvempavai&pg=PA105 |year=1975 |publisher=E.J. Brill, Leiden |location=Netherlands |isbn=90-04-04190-7 |page=217 |access-date=4 December 2016 }}</ref> Arunagirinathar went to many Murugan temples. On his way back to [[Tiruvannamalai]], he visited [[Palani]]. He sung songs about [[Swaminathaswamy]].<ref>[[#kamil|Zvelebil 1991]], p. 53</ref> Tiruparamkundram is considered the first of the six abodes. This is the only temple where abishekam is performed for [[Vel]] instead of Lord Murugan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arupadai Veedu - Famous Murugan Temples|url=https://www.dharisanam.com/pages/arupadai-veedu|access-date=2020-07-02|website=Dharisanam|language=en|archive-date=2022-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109083858/https://www.dharisanam.com/pages/arupadai-veedu|url-status=dead}}</ref> Palani is considered the most prominent abodes of Lord Muruga.<ref>{{cite book|title=Economic Reforms and Small Scale Industries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SIHLq5XvZMEC&q=palani+murugan+temple&pg=PA35|page=25|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|year=2009|isbn=9788180694493}}</ref> ==Traditions== One of the main traditions of the six temples, is the [[tonsure|tonsuring]] of devotees. They removed their hair to be like the Palani deity. Another tradition is the anointing of the head of the deity's [[idol]] with [[sandalwood]] paste. This is done at the end of the day before the temple closes. The paste is said to get [[medicine|medicinal]] properties. It is given to devotees, as ''rakkāla chandaṇam''.<ref name=JSTOR>{{cite journal|title=Pilgrimage Centers in the Tamil Cultus of Murukan|jstor=1461919|last=Clothey|first=Fred W.|year=1972|page=82|publisher=Oxford University Press|journal=Journal of the American Academy of Religion|volume=40|issue=1}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Temples in Tamil Nadu]] [[Category:Hinduism]] 7yjjuzr02f1jqksnbpuz9edid8xc07i 0 749514 10368231 9054376 2025-07-02T20:36:23Z Ferien 1011873 coords 10368231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Sarchehan County | coordinates = {{coord|30|05|N|53|42|E|dim:30km|display=inline,title}} | established_title = | established_date = | area_total_km2 = | population_as_of = 2006 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 18,933 | population_density_km2 = | timezone = | leader_title = | utc_offset = | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | website = | footnotes = | leader_name = | seat = [[Korehi]] | other_name = | map_caption = Fars counties | native_name = | settlement_type = [[Counties of Iran|County]] | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_map = Fars.svg | image_map1 = IranFars-SVG.svg | map_caption1 = Location of Fars Province in Iran | seat_type = [[Capital (political)|Capital]] | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_caption = | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | subdivision_name = [[Iran]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Iran|Province]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Fars Province|Fars]] | official_name = }} '''Sarchehan County''' ({{lang-fa|شهرستان سرچهان}}) is a county in [[Fars Province]], [[Iran]]. At the 2006 census, its population was 18,933, in 4,569 families.<ref>{{IranCensus2006|07}}</ref> The county has two cities, [[Korehi]] & [[Hesami]], and three [[Rural Districts of Iran|rural districts]] (''dehestan''): [[Bagh Safa Rural District]], [[Sarchehan Rural District]], and [[Tujerdi Rural District]]. The Sarchehan County was established on 2018 in Fars province.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.irna.ir/news/83508460/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AA%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84-%D9%87%D9%81%D8%AA-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3|title=جزئیات جدید از تشکیل هفت شهرستان در استان فارس|work=[[Islamic Republic News Agency]]|date=8 October 2019 |access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{Fars Province}} [[Category:Counties in Fars Province]] [[Category:Establishments in Iran]] [[Category:2018 establishments in Asia]] {{Asia-stub}} o3bs0126uk5bgqqxz1o5v38kcnclok5 0 749516 10368229 9054392 2025-07-02T20:35:37Z Ferien 1011873 coords 10368229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Zarqan County | other_name = | native_name = | settlement_type = [[Counties of Iran|County]] | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_map = Fars.svg | image_map1 = IranFars-SVG.svg | map_caption = Fars counties | map_caption1 = Location of Fars Province in Iran | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_caption = | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Iran}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Iran|Province]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Fars Province|Fars]] | seat_type = [[Capital (political)|Capital]] | seat = [[Zarqan]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | established_title = | established_date = | area_total_km2 = | population_as_of = 2006 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 46,672 | population_density_km2 = | coordinates = {{coord|29|44|N|52|49|E|dim:15km|display=inline,title}} | timezone = | utc_offset = | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | website = | footnotes = | official_name = }} '''Zarqan County''' ({{lang-fa|شهرستان زرقان}}) is a county in [[Fars Province]], [[Iran]]. At the 2006 census, its population was 46,672, in 11,815 families.<ref>{{IranCensus2006|07}}</ref> The county has two cities: [[Zarqan]] and [[Lapui]]. The county has three [[Rural Districts of Iran|rural districts]] (''dehestan''): [[Band-e Amir Rural District]], [[Rahmatabad Rural District (Fars Province)|Rahmatabad Rural District]], and [[Zarqan Rural District]]. The Zarqan County was established on 2018 in Fars province.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.irna.ir/news/83508460/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AA%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84-%D9%87%D9%81%D8%AA-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3|title=جزئیات جدید از تشکیل هفت شهرستان در استان فارس|work=[[Islamic Republic News Agency]]|date=8 October 2019 |access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{Fars Province}} {{geo-stub}} [[Category:Counties in Fars Province]] [[Category:Establishments in Iran]] [[Category:2018 establishments in Asia]] f5wiu7tc2cu7jrev5twe00ic32412zf 0 749825 10368245 9714535 2025-07-02T20:44:27Z Ferien 1011873 coords no longer missing 10368245 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox cave | name = Sangtarashan cave | other_name = | photo = | photo_width = 250 | photo_alt = | photo_caption = | map = | map_width = | map_alt = | map_caption = | location = [[Jahrom]], [[Fars province]] | land_registry_number = | grid_ref_UK = | grid_ref_Ireland = | grid_ref = | coords = {{coord|28.4854|N|53.5818|E|type:landmark_region:IR|name=Sangshekan Cave}} | coords_ref = | depth = | length = 350 meters | height_variation = | elevation = 1091 meters | discovery = | geology = [[Limestone]] and [[Dolomite (rock)|dolomite]] | entrance_count = | entrance_list = | difficulty = | hazards = | access = | show_cave = | show_cave_length = | lighting = | visitors = | features = | survey = | survey_format = | website = }} '''Sangtarashan cave''' ({{lang-fa|غار سنگ‌تراشان}}, also known as '''Sangshekanan cave''' and '''Sangeshkan cave''') is located in the [[Jahrom]], in southern [[Iran]], it is the largest handmade cave in the world. It has several corridors, columns and openings. {{Fars Province|state=collapsed}} [[Category:Caves of Asia]] [[Category:Jahrom County]] [[Category:Landforms of Iran]] {{geo-stub}} 7szbl4acc83y2ybipjxzuun2v0o29oj 0 749844 10368702 10323904 2025-07-03T02:13:51Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368702 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Bullet Prakash | image = | birth_name = Prakash | birth_date = {{birth date |1976|4|2|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Bangalore]], [[India]] | spouse = Manjula | children = 2 | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|4|6|1976|4|2|df=yes}} <ref>{{cite news |last=HT Entertainment Desk |title=Sandalwood actor, comedian Bullet Prakash passes away |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/sandalwood-actor-comedian-bullet-prakash-passes-away-822077.html |work=Deccan Herald |date=6 April 2020 |access-date=24 May 2025}}</ref> | death_place = [[Bangalore]], India | occupation = [[Actor]], politician | othername = | years active = 1991, 1999–2020 | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] }} '''Bullet Prakash''' ({{lang-kn|ಬುಲೆಟ್ ಪ್ರಕಾಶ್}}; 2 April 1976 – 6 April 2020) was an [[India]]n actor and comedian. He worked in [[Kannada cinema]]. He appeared in over 325 movies. His movie credits include ''Mast Maja Maadi'' (2008), ''Aithalakkadi'' (2010), ''Mallikarjuna'' (2011) and ''Aryan'' (2014). He took part in the second season of the Kannada reality television show ''Bigg Boss''. He also appeared in a Tulu movie, ''Soombe''. He was born in [[Bangalore]]. He was nicknamed "Bullet" due to his fondness for riding the Royal Enfield Bullet motorcycle. In 2015, Prakash became a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) Prakash died from [[Acute (medicine)|acute]] [[liver failure]] on 6 April 2020. He was 44.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/kannada-comedian-bullet-prakash-succumbs-to-a-liver-problem/articleshow/75010373.cms|work=The Times of India|title=Kannada comedian Bullet Prakash succumbs to a liver problem|date=6 April 2020|access-date=6 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bullet Prakash dies: Kannada stars sad about not being able to attend his funeral due to lockdown |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/bullet-prakash-dies-kannada-stars-sad-about-not-being-able-to-attend-his-funeral-due-to-lockdown/story-CYTQVlzq2ifhItFsMKLImN.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=7 April 2020 |access-date=24 May 2025}}</ref> == Films he acted in== Bullet Prakash acted in more than 300 [[Kannada]] films, often in [[comic]] or supporting roles. Here is a selected list of his movies {{div col|colwidth=22em}} * ''Jackie'' – Popular film with Puneeth Rajkumar * ''Lift Kodla'' – Comedy film * ''Bhootayyana Mommaga Ayyu'' – Comic role * ''Jataayu'' – Released in 2013 * ''Parari'' – Comedy appearance * ''Shanti Kranti'' – Child artist role * ''Rose'' – Romantic drama * ''Nimbe Huli'' – Light comedy * ''Bombay Mittai'' – 2015 film * ''Don'' – Action-based supporting role * ''Yuvaraja'' – Played friend of lead actor * ''A. K. 47'' – Appeared in both Kannada and Telugu * ''Octopus'' – Action genre * ''Khatarnak'' – Sidekick role * ''Pungi Daasa'' – Comedy release * ''Jaggu Dada'' – Commercial entertainer <ref>{{cite news |last1=SM |first1=Shashiprasad |title=Jaggu Dada movie review: This senseless commercial comedy encashes on stardom |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/110616/jaggu-dada-movie-review-encashes-on-stardom-in-this-senseless-commercial-comedy.html |access-date=24 May 2025 |publisher=Deccan Chronicle |date=10 June 2016}}</ref> * ''Pogaru'' – One of his final screen appearances * ''Rhaatee'' – Played a character named Jagganna * ''Saheba'' – Emotional drama * ''Mumbai'' – Featured in a key role * '''Male''' – Comedy support * ''Maduveya Mamatheya Kareyole'' – Family comedy * ''Bettanagere'' – Crime thriller * ''Gaalipata 2'' – Released after his death {{div col end}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{IMDb name|5308603|Bullet Prakash}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Prakash, Bullet}} [[Category:1976 births]] [[Category:2020 deaths]] [[Category:Deaths from liver failure]] [[Category:Disease-related deaths in India]] [[Category:Indian comedians]] [[Category:Indian movie actors]] [[Category:Reality television participants]] 40g6vopq1tf7vi1ggl4gp69gxama38w 0 750153 10369204 9154695 2025-07-03T08:23:05Z 180.150.36.182 10369204 wikitext text/x-wiki In the field of [[numerical analysis]], '''numerical linear algebra''' is an area to study methods to solve problems in [[linear algebra]] by numerical computation.<ref name="app">Demmel, J. W. (1997). Applied numerical linear algebra. [[Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics|SIAM]].</ref><ref name="cmt">Ciarlet, P. G., Miara, B., & Thomas, J. M. (1989). Introduction to numerical linear algebra and optimization. [[Cambridge University Press]].</ref><ref name="tb">Trefethen, Lloyd; Bau III, David (1997). Numerical Linear Algebra (1st ed.). Philadelphia: [[Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics|SIAM]].</ref> The following problems will be considered in this area: # Numerically solving a [[system of linear equations]].<ref>Saad, Yousef (2003). Iterative methods for sparse linear systems (2nd ed.). [[Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics|SIAM]].</ref> # Numerically solving an [[eigenvalue]] problem for a given matrix.<ref>David S. Watkins (2008), The Matrix Eigenvalue Problem: GR and Krylov Subspace Methods, [[Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics|SIAM]].</ref> # Computing approximate values of a matrix-valued function.<ref>Higham, N. J. (2008). Functions of matrices: theory and computation. [[Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics|SIAM]].</ref> Numerical errors can occur in any kind of numerical computation including the area of numerical linear algebra. Errors in numerical linear algebra are considered in another area called "[[validated numerics]]".<ref name="rump">Rump, S. M. (2010). Verification methods: Rigorous results using floating-point arithmetic. Acta Numerica, 19, 287-449.</ref> ==Latest Studies== {{seealso|Matrix analysis}} Methods for numerical linear algebra has been created by numerical analysts from many generations.<ref name="app"/><ref name="cmt"/><ref name="tb"/> But today, some of them have been rejected due to their computation speed or accuracy.<ref name="app"/><ref name="cmt"/><ref name="tb"/> Currently, the following methods are widely investigated: {{columns-list|colwidth=20em| *QZ method<ref>Moler, C. B., & Stewart, G. W. (1973). An algorithm for generalized matrix eigenvalue problems. SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis, 10(2), 241-256.</ref> *dqds method (differential quotient difference with shift)<ref>Fernando, K. V., & Parlett, B. N. (1994). Accurate singular values and differential qd algorithms. Numerische Mathematik, 67(2), 191-229.</ref> *oqds method (orthogonal quotient difference with shift)<ref>U. von Matt, The orthogonal QD algorithm, SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 18 (1997), 1163–1186.</ref><ref>Araki, S., Kimura, K., Yamamoto, Y., & Nakamura, Y. (2015). Implementation details of an extended oqds algorithm for singular values. JSIAM Letters, 7, 9-12.</ref><ref>Fast Computation Method of Column Space by using the DQDS Method and the OQDS Method In Proceedings of 2018 International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications, 333-339, 2018/07, Sho Araki, Hiroki Tanaka, Masami Takata, Kinji Kimura, Yoshimasa Nakamura.</ref> *MRRR method (multiple relatively robust representations)<ref>Dhillon, I. S., Parlett, B. N., & Vömel, C. (2006). The design and implementation of the MRRR algorithm. ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software (TOMS), 32(4), 533-560.</ref> *MRTR method<ref>Abe, K., Zhang, S. L., & Mitsui, T. (1997). MRTR method: An iterative method based on the three-term recurrence formula of CG-type for nonsymmetric matrix. JSIAM, 7, 37-50.</ref> * Sakurai-Sugiura method<ref>Sakurai, T., & Sugiura, H. (2003). A projection method for generalized eigenvalue problems using numerical integration. [[Journal of computational and applied mathematics]], 159(1), 119-128.</ref> * CIRR method (Rayleigh-Ritz type method with contour integral)<ref>Sakurai, T., & Tadano, H. (2007). CIRR: a Rayleigh-Ritz type method with contour integral for generalized eigenvalue problems. Hokkaido mathematical journal, 36(4), 745-757.</ref> }} ===Krylov Subspace Methods=== In the field of numerical linear algebra, numerical methods based on the theory of Krylov subspaces are known as '''Krylov subspaces methods'''. They are considered to be one of the most successful studies in numerical linear algebra.<ref>David S. Watkins (2008), The Matrix Eigenvalue Problem: GR and Krylov Subspace Methods, SIAM.</ref><ref>Liesen, J., & Strakos, Z. (2012). Krylov subspace methods: principles and analysis. OUP Oxford.</ref> The next list is the examples of them: {{columns-list|colwidth=20em| * MINRES (minimal residual) method<ref>Christopher C. Paige and Michael A. Saunders, Solution of sparse indefinite systems of linear equations, SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis 1975; 12(4):617–629.</ref> * CR (conjugate residual) method<ref>Eduard Stiefel, Commentarii Mathematici Helvetici 1952; 29(1):157–179.</ref> * QMR type methods ** QMR (quasi minimal residual) method<ref>Freund, R. and Nachtigal, N. "QMR: A Quasi-Minimal Residual Method for Non-Hermitian Linear Systems." Numer. Math. 60, 315-339, 1991.</ref><ref>Freund, R. and Nachtigal, N. "An Implementation of the QMR Method Based on Coupled Two-Term Recurrences." SIAM J. Sci. Statist. Comput. 15, 313-337, 1994.</ref> ** QMR-SYM method<ref>R. Freund: Conjugate Gradient-Type Methods for Linear Systems with Complex Symmetric Coefficient Matrices, SIAM Journal on Scientific and Statistical Computing, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 425–448 (1992).</ref><ref>X.-M. Gu, T.-Z. Huang, L. Li, H.-B. Li, T. Sogabe and M. Clemens: Quasi-Minimal Residual Variants of the COCG and COCR Methods for Complex Symmetric Linear Systems in Electromagnetic Simulations, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 62, No. 12, pp. 2859–2867 (2014).</ref> ** TFQMR (transpose free quasi minimal residual) method<ref>Roland W. Freund, A transpose-free quasi-minimal residual algorithm for non-Hermitian linear systems, SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing 1993; 14(2):470–482.</ref> }} ===Conjugate Gradient Methods=== The '''conjugate gradient (CG) method''' is one of the best linear equation solving method. It was originally limited to specific linear systems.<ref>Hestenes, M. R., & Stiefel, E. (1952). Methods of conjugate gradients for solving linear systems. Washington, DC: NBS.</ref> In order to overcome this difficulty, many kinds of CG variants have benn created: {{columns-list|colwidth=20em| * CGS (conjugate gradient squared method)<ref>Black, Noel and Moore, Shirley. "Conjugate Gradient Squared Method." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource, created by Eric W. Weisstein. http://mathworld.wolfram.com/ConjugateGradientSquaredMethod.html</ref> * PCG (preconditioned conjugate gradient method) * SCG (scaled conjugate gradient)<ref>M. F. Moller. A scaled conjugate gradient algorithm for fast supervised learning. Neural Networks, 6:525--533, 1993.</ref> * ICCG (incomplete Cholesky conjugate gradient method) * COCG (conjugate orthogonal conjugate gradient method)<ref>H. A. van der Vorst and J. B. M. Melissen: A Petrov-Galerkin type method for solving <math>Ax = b</math>, where <math>A</math> is symmetric complex, IEEE Trans. Mag., Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 706–708 (1990).</ref> * GPBiCG<ref>S. L. Zhang "GPBiCG: Generalized Product-type Methods Based on Bi-CG for Solving Nonsymmetric Linear Systems", SIAM J. Sci. Stat. Comput. , vol.18, no.2, pp.537-551, March 1997.</ref> * Stabilized methods ** BiCGSTAB (biconjugate gradient stabilized method)<ref>Van der Vorst, H. A. (1992). Bi-CGSTAB: A fast and smoothly converging variant of Bi-CG for the solution of nonsymmetric linear systems. SIAM Journal on scientific and Statistical Computing, 13(2), 631-644.</ref> ** BiCGSTAB2<ref>M. H.Gutknecht，Variants of BiCGSTAB for Matrices with Complex Spectrum，SIAM J. Sci. Statist. Comput.，14(1993)， 1020-1033．</ref> ** QMRCGSTAB<ref>Tony F. Chan, Efstratios Gallopoulos, Valeria Simoncini, Tedd Szeto and Charles H. Tong, A quasi-minimal residual variant of the Bi-CGSTAB algorithm for nonsymmetric systems, SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing 1994; 15(2):338–347.</ref> ** GBi-CGSTAB<ref name="sugi">Tanio, M., & Sugihara, M. (2010). GBi-CGSTAB (s, L): IDR (s) with higher-order stabilization polynomials. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 235(3), 765-784.</ref> * Block versions (dividing a given matrix into block matrices is a frequently used technique in numerical linear algebra<ref name="app"/><ref name="cmt"/><ref name="tb"/>) ** Block CG<ref>D. P. O’Leary: The block conjugate gradient algorithm and related methods, Linear Algebra Appl., 29 (1980), 293–322.</ref><ref>A. A. Nikishin, A. Yu. Yeremin: Variable block CG algorithms for solving large sparse symmetric positive definite linear systems on parallel computers, I: general iterative methods, SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl., 16 (1995), 1135–1153.</ref> ** Block BiCGSTAB<ref>A. El Guennouni, K. Jbilou, H. Sadok: A block version of BiCGSTAB for linear systems with multiple right-hand sides, Electron. Trans. Numer. Anal, 16 (2003), 129–142.</ref> ** Block BiCGGR<ref>H. Tadano, T. Sakurai, Y. Kuramashi: Block BiCGGR: a new block Krylov subspace method for computing high accuracy solutions: JSIAM Lett., 1 (2009), 44–47.</ref> ** Block BiCGGR2<ref>Tadano, H. (2019). Development of the Block BiCGGR2 method for linear systems with multiple right-hand sides. Japan Journal of Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 1-15.</ref> ** Block GWBiCGSTAB<ref>Tadano, H., & Kuramoto, R. (2019). Accuracy improvement of the Block BiCGSTAB method for linear systems with multiple right-hand sides by group-wise updating technique. Journal of Advanced Simulation in Science and Engineering, 6(1), 100-117.</ref> }} ===Validated Numerics for Numerical Linear Algebra=== While high accuracy and high speed methods in above have been cretaed, some experts have studied how to evaluate numerical errors in numerical linear algebra.<ref name="rump"/> The following are their results: {{columns-list|colwidth=20em| * Validating numerical solutions of a given system of linear equations<ref>Yamamoto, T. (1984). Error bounds for approximate solutions of systems of equations. Japan Journal of Applied Mathematics, 1(1), 157.</ref><ref>Oishi, S., & Rump, S. M. (2002). Fast verification of solutions of matrix equations. Numerische Mathematik, 90(4), 755-773.</ref> ** Validated numerics for ill-conditioned problems<ref name="Kobayashi, Y. 2017">Kobayashi, Y., Ogita, T., & Ozaki, K. (2017). Acceleration of a preconditioning method for ill-conditioned dense linear systems by use of a BLAS-based method. Reliable Computing, 25, 15-23.</ref><ref name="Kobayashi, Y. 2016">Kobayashi, Y., & Ogita, T. (2016). Accurate and efficient algorithm for solving ill-conditioned linear systems by preconditioning methods. Nonlinear Theory and Its Applications, IEICE, 7(3), 374-385.</ref><ref name="JSIAM Letters Vol 2015 pp.1-4">A fast and efficient algorithm for solving ill-conditioned linear systems (JSIAM Letters Vol.7 (2015) pp.1-4) Yuka Kobayashi, Takeshi Ogita.</ref> (Ill-conditioned problems are problems which are hard to compute accurately<ref name="app"/><ref name="cmt"/><ref name="tb"/>) **Pre-conditioning<ref name="Kobayashi, Y. 2017"/><ref name="Kobayashi, Y. 2016"/><ref name="JSIAM Letters Vol 2015 pp.1-4"/> (Pre-conditioning is a procedure to allow the given system of linear equations to be easily solved<ref name="app"/><ref name="cmt"/><ref name="tb"/>) * Validating numerically obtained eigenvalues<ref>Yamamoto, T. (1980). Error bounds for computed eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Numerische Mathematik, 34(2), 189-199.</ref><ref>Yamamoto, T. (1982). Error bounds for computed eigenvalues and eigenvectors. II. Numerische Mathematik, 40(2), 201-206.</ref><ref>Mayer, G. (1994). Result verification for eigenvectors and eigenvalues. Topics in Validated Computations, [[Elsevier]], [[Amsterdam]], 209-276.</ref> ** Validating numerical solutions of inverse eigenvalue problems<ref>Alefeld, G., Gienger, A., & Mayer, G. (1994). Numerical validation for an inverse matrix eigenvalue problem. Computing, 53(3-4), 311-322.</ref><ref>Miyajima, S. (2017). Verified Solutions of Inverse Symmetric Eigenvalue Problems. Reliable Computing, 24(1), 31-44.</ref> (In inverse eigenvalue problems, you will compute and identify an unknown matrix by a given eigenvalue) * Rigorously computing [[determinant]]s<ref>Ogita, T. (2008). Verified Numerical Computation of Matrix Determinant. SCAN’2008 El Paso, Texas September 29–October 3, 2008, 86.</ref> * Validating numerical solutions of matrix equations<ref>Shinya Miyajima, Verified computation for the Hermitian positive definite solution of the conjugate discrete-time algebraic Riccati equation, Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, Volume 350, Pages 80-86, April 2019.</ref><ref>Shinya Miyajima, Fast verified computation for the minimal nonnegative solution of the nonsymmetric algebraic Riccati equation, Computational and Applied Mathematics, Volume 37, Issue 4, Pages 4599-4610, September 2018.</ref><ref>Shinya Miyajima, Fast verified computation for the solution of the T-congruence Sylvester equation, Japan Journal of Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Volume 35, Issue 2, Pages 541-551, July 2018.</ref><ref>Shinya Miyajima, Fast verified computation for the solvent of the quadratic matrix equation, The Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra, Volume 34, Pages 137-151, March 2018</ref><ref>Shinya Miyajima, Fast verified computation for solutions of algebraic Riccati equations arising in transport theory, Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications, Volume 24, Issue 5, Pages 1-12, October 2017.</ref><ref>Shinya Miyajima, Fast verified computation for stabilizing solutions of discrete-time algebraic Riccati equations, Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, Volume 319, Pages 352-364, August 2017.</ref><ref>Shinya Miyajima, Fast verified computation for solutions of continuous-time algebraic Riccati equations, Japan Journal of Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Volume 32, Issue 2, Pages 529-544, July 2015.</ref> * Computing [[matrix function]]s rigorously (Approximate computation has been studied by N. J. Higham and others<ref>Bini, D. A., Higham, N. J., & Meini, B. (2005). Algorithms for the matrix pth root. Numerical Algorithms, 39(4), 349-378.</ref><ref>Deadman, E., Higham, N. J., & Ralha, R. (2012, June). Blocked Schur algorithms for computing the matrix square root. In International Workshop on Applied Parallel Computing (pp. 171-182). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.</ref><ref>Hargreaves, G. I., & Higham, N. J. (2005). Efficient algorithms for the matrix cosine and sine. Numerical Algorithms, 40(4), 383-400.</ref><ref>Davies, P. I., & Higham, N. J. (2003). A Schur-Parlett algorithm for computing matrix functions. SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications, 25(2), 464-485.</ref>) ** Matrix exponential<ref>Miyajima, S. (2019). Verified computation of the matrix exponential. Advances in Computational Mathematics, 45(1), 137-152.</ref> ** Matrix logarithm<ref>Miyajima, S. (2019). Verified computation for the matrix principal logarithm. Linear Algebra and its Applications, 569, 38-61.</ref> ** Matrix root<ref>Miyajima, S. (2018). Fast verified computation for the matrix principal pth root. [[Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics]], 330, 276-288.</ref> }} ===Software=== Today, there are many tools for numerical linear algebra. One of the most famous one is [[MATLAB]] (matrix laboratory).<ref>Gilat, Amos (2004). MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications 2nd Edition. John Wiley & Sons.</ref><ref>Quarteroni, Alfio; Saleri, Fausto (2006). Scientific Computing with MATLAB and Octave. Springer.</ref><ref>Gander, W., & Hrebicek, J. (Eds.). (2011). Solving problems in scientific computing using Maple and Matlab®. Springer Science & Business Media.</ref> This was made by [[MathWorks]]. ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==Other websites== {{Commonscat}} * [http://www.netlib.org/utk/people/JackDongarra/la-sw.html Freely available software for numerical algebra on the web], composed by Jack Dongarra and Hatem Ltaief, University of Tennessee * [http://www.nag.co.uk/numeric/fl/nagdoc_fl24/html/F/fconts.html NAG Library of numerical linear algebra routines] * {{twitter|nla_grp|Numerical Linear Algebra Group}} (Research group in the United Kingdom) * {{twitter|siagla|siagla}} (Activity group about numerical linear algebra in the [[Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics]]) * [https://gammanla.wordpress.com/ The GAMM Activity Group on Applied and Numerical Linear Algebra] * [https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1661760 Collaborative Research: Randomized Numerical Linear Algebra (RandNLA) for multi-linear and non-linear data] * [https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0098150 Numerical Linear Algebra and Eigenvalue Computations] ==Further reading== * Golub, Gene H.; Van Loan, Charles F. (1996). Matrix Computations (3rd ed.). Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. * Matrix Iterative Analysis, Varga, Richard S., Springer, 2000. * Higham, N. J. (2002). Accuracy and stability of numerical algorithms. [[Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics]]. * Liesen, J., & Strakos, Z. (2012). Krylov subspace methods: principles and analysis. [[Oxford University Press|OUP]] Oxford. {{tech-stub}} [[Category:Numerical analysis]] [[Category:Linear algebra]] l86dgeo7gnmoh6vrl7y3aqvs3nzgn30 0 751015 10368863 10338813 2025-07-03T03:28:12Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368863 wikitext text/x-wiki This is a list of [[President (government title)|president]]s of [[Togo]] since the formation of the post of president in 1960, to the present day. A total of four people have served as president (not counting one acting president and two interim military officeholders). Additionally, one person, [[Faure Gnassingbé]], has served on two non-consecutive occasions. Gnassingbé is the [[incumbent]] president, since 4 May 2005. ==Description of the office== ===Election=== The president of the Republic is elected by universal, direct and secret suffrage for a mandate of five (05) years.<ref name=Art59>Article 59 of the Constitution of 1992.</ref> He is re-eligible.<ref name=Art59 /> The election of the president of the Republic takes place by uninominal majority ballot in one (01) round.<ref name=Art60>Article 60 of the Constitution of 1992.</ref> The president of the Republic is elected with the majority of the suffrage expressed.<ref name=Art60 /> The vote is opened on convocation of the electoral body by decree taken in the Council of Ministers sixty (60) days at least and seventy-five (75) days at most before the expiration of the mandate of the president in office.<ref name=Art61>Article 61 of the Constitution of 1992.</ref> No one may be a candidate for the office of the president of the Republic if they:<ref name=Art62>Article 62 of the Constitution of 1992.</ref> :# are not exclusively of Togolese nationality by birth; :# are not thirty-five (35) years of age on the date of the deposit of the candidature; :# do not enjoy all their [[civil and political rights]]; :# do not present a general state of physical and mental well-being duly declared by three (03) sworn physicians, designated by the Constitutional Court; :# do not reside in the national territory for at least twelve (12) months. The president of the Republic enters office within the fifteen days which follow the proclamation of the results of the presidential election.<ref name=Art63>Article 63 of the Constitution of 1992.</ref> ===Oath of office=== Before his entry into office, the president of the Republic swears before the Constitutional Court meeting in solemn hearing, in these terms:<ref name=Art64>Article 64 of the Constitution of 1992.</ref> {{blockquote|Before God and before the Togolese people, sole holders of popular sovereignty, We _____, elected President of the Republic in accordance with the laws of the Republic, solemnly swear. — to respect and to defend the Constitution that the Togolese people have freely given themselves; — to loyally fulfill the high functions that the Nation has confided in us. — to be guided solely by the general interest and the respect of the rights of the human person, to consecrate all our forces to the promotion of development, of the common good, of peace and of national unity; — to preserve the integrity of the national territory; — to conduct our self at all times, as a faithful and loyal servant of the People.}} ===Vacancy=== In case of a vacancy of the presidency of the Republic by death, resignation or definitive incapacity, the presidential function is exercised provisionally by the president of the National Assembly.<ref name=Art65>Article 65 of the Constitution of 1992.</ref> The vacancy is declared by the Constitutional Court referred to [the matter] by the Government.<ref name=Art65 /> The Government convokes the electoral body within the sixty (60) days of the opening of the vacancy for the election of a new president of the Republic.<ref name=Art65 /> ==List of officeholders== {{main|List of presidents of Togo}} ==Latest election== {{main|2020 Togolese presidential election}} ==Related pages== *[[Togo]] **[[List of prime ministers of Togo]] *[[Lists of office-holders]] ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Presidents of Togo|*]] [[Category:Lists of national presidents|Togo]] [[Category:Togo-related lists|Presidents]] bhiwhma2g05eyw3x4xq1d5lfewtt2ey 0 757873 10368941 10021990 2025-07-03T04:17:11Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 typo: duplication 10368941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Aurangabad | official_name = Aurangabad Bihar | other_name = Chittorgarh | website = http://aurangabad.bih.nic.in/ | timezone1 = [[UTC+05:30]] | postal_code = 824101 | geocode = | registration_plate = BR-26 | native_name = | iso_code = IN-BR | area_total_km2 = 1,419.7 | population_total = 102,244 | area_total_sq_mi = 548.1 | image_flag = | governing_body = | native_name_lang = hi | settlement_type = [[Aurangabad District (Bihar)]] }} [[File:Ramesh Chowk .jpg|alt=Ramesh Chowk Aurangabad Bihar|thumb|Ramesh Chowk|border]] '''Aurangabad''' is a city in the [[Aurangabad District (Bihar)|Aurangabad]] district of [[Bihar]] state in [[India]]. It is famous for a cement plant and World Best [[Deo Surya Mandir]]. There are two main languages spoken in Aurangabad - [[Magahi language|Magahi]] and [[Hindi language|Hindi]]. [[Category:Cities in Bihar]] [[Category:Hindu holy cities]] 9cuzp4diqrdahdnk4mu8d2d9anhc62h 0 761656 10369211 10365699 2025-07-03T08:24:23Z 180.150.36.182 10369211 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Affine arithmetic (AA)''' is a computer arithmetic which was made to improve the performance of [[interval arithmetic]]. ==Background== Today, the interval arithmetic technology which was made by Sunaga<ref>T. Sunaga, Theory of interval algebra and its application to numerical analysis. (1958). RAAG memoirs, 29–46.</ref> and R. Moore<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VfQnuwh3bw8C|title=Plant Taxonomy and Biosystematics|last=Stace|first=Clive A.|date=1991-10-03|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-42785-2|language=en}}</ref><ref>Moore, R. E. (1979). Methods and applications of interval analysis. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.</ref><ref name="intro">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/258333490|title=Introduction to interval analysis|last=Moore|first=Ramon E.|date=2009|publisher=Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics|others=R. Baker Kearfott, Michael J. Cloud|isbn=978-0-89871-669-6|location=Philadelphia, PA|oclc=258333490}}</ref> is used in many areas including [[validated numerics]].<ref>Jaulin, L. Kieffer, M., Didrit, O. Walter, E. (2001). Applied Interval Analysis. Berlin: Springer.</ref> Unfortunately, interval arithmetic is useless when numerical computation is repeated many times.<ref name="intro"/> Therefore, many experts have studied how to overcome this weakness. Affine arithmetic is one result of this movement. ===Applications=== Affine arithmetic is available in some interval arithmetic libraries like [[INTLAB]].<ref>S.M. Rump: INTLAB - INTerval LABoratory. In Tibor Csendes, editor, Developments in Reliable Computing, pages 77-104. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1999.</ref><ref>S.M. Rump, M. Kashiwagi: Implementation and improvements of affine arithmetic, Nonlinear Theory and Its Applications (NOLTA), IEICE, 2015.</ref> It is also used in the following fields: <!--alphabetical order--> {{div col|rules=yes|colwidth=20em}} * [[Electrical circuit]]s<ref>Femia, N., & Spagnuolo, G. (2000). True worst-case circuit tolerance analysis using genetic algorithms and affine arithmetic. [[IEEE]] Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, 47(9), 1285-1296.</ref><ref>Lemke, A., Hedrich, L., Barke, E., & Barke, E. (2002, November). Analog circuit sizing based on formal methods using affine arithmetic. In Proceedings of the 2002 [[IEEE]]/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design (pp. 486-489). ACM.</ref><ref>Ding, T., Trinchero, R., Manfredi, P., Stievano, I. S., & Canavero, F. G. (2015). How affine arithmetic helps beat uncertainties in electrical systems. [[IEEE]] Circuits and Systems Magazine, 15(4), 70-79.</ref> * Mixed signal systems<ref>Grimm, C., Heupke, W., & Waldschmidt, K. (2004, February). Refinement of mixed-signals systems with affine arithmetic. In Proceedings Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition (Vol. 1, pp. 372-377). IEEE.</ref><ref>Grimm, C., Heupke, W., & Waldschmidt, K. (2004). Analysis of mixed-signal systems with affine arithmetic. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 24(1), 118-123.</ref><ref>Radojicic, C., Grimm, C., Schupfer, F., & Rathmair, M. (2013). Verification of mixed-signal systems with affine arithmetic assertions. VLSI Design, 2013, 5.</ref><ref>Radojicic, C., & Grimm, C. (2016, June). Formal verification of mixed-signal designs using extended affine arithmetic. In 2016 12th Conference on Ph. D. Research in Microelectronics and Electronics (PRIME) (pp. 1-4). IEEE.</ref> * [[Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations]]<ref>Y. Kanazawa and S. Oishi (2002), "A numerical method of proving the existence of solutions for nonlinear ODEs using affine arithmetic". Proc. SCAN'02 — 10th GAMM-IMACS International Symposium on Scientific Computing, Computer Arithmetic, and Validated Numerics.</ref> * [[Optimization]]<ref>F. Messine and A. Mahfoudi (1998), "Use of affine arithmetic in interval optimization algorithms to solve multidimensional scaling problems". Proc. SCAN'98 — IMACS/GAMM International Symposium on Scientific Computing, Computer Arithmetic and Validated Numerics (Budapest, Hungary), 22–25.</ref><ref>F. Messine (2002), "Extensions of affine arithmetic: Application to unconstrained global optimization". Journal of Universal Computer Science, 8 11, 992–1015.</ref> * Power flow<ref>Vaccaro, A., Canizares, C. A., & Villacci, D. (2009). An affine arithmetic-based methodology for reliable power flow analysis in the presence of data uncertainty. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 25(2), 624-632.</ref><ref>Gu, W., Luo, L., Ding, T., Meng, X., & Sheng, W. (2014). An affine arithmetic-based algorithm for radial distribution system power flow with uncertainties. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 58, 242-245.</ref><ref>Wang, S., Han, L., & Wu, L. (2014). Uncertainty tracing of distributed generations via complex affine arithmetic based unbalanced three-phase power flow. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 30(6), 3053-3062.</ref><ref>Pirnia, M., Cañizares, C. A., Bhattacharya, K., & Vaccaro, A. (2014). A novel affine arithmetic method to solve optimal power flow problems with uncertainties. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 29(6), 2775-2783.</ref><ref>Vaccaro, A., & Canizares, C. A. (2016). An affine arithmetic-based framework for uncertain power flow and optimal power flow studies. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 32(1), 274-288.</ref><ref>Ding, T., Bo, R., Guo, Q., Sun, H., Wu, W., & Zhang, B. (2013). A non-iterative affine arithmetic methodology for interval power flow analysis of transmission network.</ref><ref>Ding, T., Cui, H., Gu, W., & Wan, Q. (2012). An uncertainty power flow algorithm based on interval and affine arithmetic. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 13.</ref><ref>Pirnia, M., Cañizares, C. A., Bhattacharya, K., & Vaccaro, A. (2012, July). An affine arithmetic method to solve the stochastic power flow problem based on a mixed complementarity formulation. In 2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting (pp. 1-7). IEEE.</ref> * Root-finding algorithms<ref>T. Kikuchi and M. Kashiwagi (2001), "Elimination of non-existence regions of the solution of nonlinear equations using affine arithmetic". Proc. NOLTA'01 — 2001 International Symposium on Nonlinear Theory and its Applications.</ref><ref>M. Kashiwagi (1998), "An all solution algorithm using affine arithmetic". NOLTA'98 — 1998 International Symposium on Nonlinear Theory and its Applications (Crans-Montana, Switzerland), 14–17.</ref> {{div col end}} ===Improvements=== Some experts are trying to improve affine arithmetic. Their results are known as the extended affine arithmetic<ref>Liao, X., Liu, K., Le, J., Zhu, S., Huai, Q., Li, B., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Extended affine arithmetic-based global sensitivity analysis for power flow with uncertainties. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 115, 105440.</ref><ref>Messine, F., & Touhami, A. (2006). A general reliable quadratic form: An extension of affine arithmetic. Reliable Computing, 12(3), 171-192.</ref><ref>Goubault, E., & Putot, S. (2008). Perturbed affine arithmetic for invariant computation in numerical program analysis. arXiv preprint arXiv:0807.2961.</ref> or modified affine arithmetic.<ref>Shou, H., Lin, H., Martin, R., & Wang, G. (2003). Modified affine arithmetic is more accurate than centered interval arithmetic or affine arithmetic. In Mathematics of Surfaces (pp. 355-365). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.</ref><ref>Shou, H., Lin, H., Martin, R. R., & Wang, G. (2006). Modified affine arithmetic in tensor form for trivariate polynomial evaluation and algebraic surface plotting. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 195(1-2), 155-171.</ref> ==Libraries== This a list of libraries that supports affine arithmetic: * kv<ref>Overview of kv – a C++ library for verified numerical computation, Masahide Kashiwagi, SCAN 2018.</ref> * [http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/libaffa Libaffa] * [http://www.scg.inf.uni-due.de/fileadmin/Projekte/YalAA/index.html YalAA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127071349/http://www.scg.inf.uni-due.de/fileadmin/Projekte/YalAA/index.html |date=2021-01-27 }} * [https://sourceforge.net/projects/asol/ ASOL] ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==Further Reading== ===Applications=== {{div col|rules=yes|colwidth=20em}} * L. H. de Figueiredo and J. Stolfi (1996), "Adaptive enumeration of implicit surfaces with affine arithmetic". ''Computer Graphics Forum'', '''15''' ''5'', 287&ndash;296.<!--fig-sto-96-imp--> * W. Heidrich (1997), "A compilation of affine arithmetic versions of common math library functions". Technical Report 1997-3, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg.<!--hei-97-aa-libs-tr--> * L. Egiziano, N. Femia, and G. Spagnuolo (1998), "New approaches to the true worst-case evaluation in circuit tolerance and sensitivity analysis &mdash; Part II: Calculation of the outer solution using affine arithmetic". ''Proc. COMPEL'98 &mdash; 6th Workshop on Computer in Power Electronics (Villa Erba, Italy)'', 19&ndash;22.<!--egi-fem-spa-98-aacir--> * W. Heidrich, Ph. Slusallek, and H.-P. Seidel (1998), "Sampling procedural shaders using affine arithmetic". ''ACM Transactions on Graphics'', '''17''' ''3'', 158&ndash;176.<!--hei-slu-sei-98-aash--> * A. de Cusatis Jr., L. H. Figueiredo, and M. Gattass (1999), "Interval methods for ray casting surfaces with affine arithmetic". ''Proc. SIBGRAPI'99 &mdash; 12th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Graphics and Image Processing'', 65&ndash;71. <!--cus-fig-gat-99-rtaa--> * I. Voiculescu, J. Berchtold, A. Bowyer, R. R. Martin, and Q. Zhang (2000), "Interval and affine arithmetic for surface location of power- and Bernstein-form polynomials". ''Proc. Mathematics of Surfaces IX'', 410&ndash;423. Springer, {{isbn|1-85233-358-8}}.<!--voi-ber-bow-mar-zha-00-aaloc--> * Q. Zhang and R. R. Martin (2000), "Polynomial evaluation using affine arithmetic for curve drawing". ''Proc. of Eurographics UK 2000 Conference'', 49&ndash;56. {{isbn|0-9521097-9-4}}.<!--zha-mar-00-aa-polycurv--> * N. Femia and G. Spagnuolo (2000), "True worst-case circuit tolerance analysis using genetic algorithm and affine arithmetic &mdash; Part I". ''IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems'', '''47''' ''9'', 1285&ndash;1296.<!--fem-spa-00-aa-eletr--> * R. Martin, H. Shou, I. Voiculescu, and G. Wang (2001), "A comparison of Bernstein hull and affine arithmetic methods for algebraic curve drawing". ''Proc. Uncertainty in Geometric Computations'', 143&ndash;154. Kluwer Academic Publishers, {{isbn|0-7923-7309-X}}.<!--mar-sho-voi-wan-01-aacomp--> * A. Bowyer, R. Martin, H. Shou, and I. Voiculescu (2001), "Affine intervals in a CSG geometric modeller". ''Proc. Uncertainty in Geometric Computations'', 1&ndash;14. Kluwer Academic Publishers, {{isbn|0-7923-7309-X}}.<!--bow-mar-sho-voi-01-aamodel--> * L. H. de Figueiredo, J. Stolfi, and L. Velho (2003), "Approximating parametric curves with strip trees using affine arithmetic". ''Computer Graphics Forum'', '''22''' ''2'', 171&ndash;179.<!--fig-sto-vel-03-parcur-cgf--> * C. F. Fang, T. Chen, and R. Rutenbar (2003), "Floating-point error analysis based on affine arithmetic". ''Proc. 2003 International Conf. on Acoustic, Speech and Signal Processing''.<!--fan-che-rut-03-fperr--> * A. Paiva, L. H. de Figueiredo, and J. Stolfi (2006), "Robust visualization of strange attractors using affine arithmetic". ''Computers & Graphics'', '''30''' ''6'', 1020&ndash; 1026. {{div col end}} ===Surveys=== * L. H. de Figueiredo and J. Stolfi (2004) "Affine arithmetic: concepts and applications." ''Numerical Algorithms'' '''37''' (1&ndash;4), 147&ndash;158. * J. L. D. Comba and J. Stolfi (1993), "Affine arithmetic and its applications to [[computer graphics]]". ''Proc. SIBGRAPI'93 &mdash; VI Simpósio Brasileiro de Computação Gráfica e Processamento de Imagens (Recife, BR)'', 9&ndash;18.<!--com-sto-93-aa--> * Nedialkov, N. S., Kreinovich, V., & Starks, S. A. (2004). Interval arithmetic, affine arithmetic, [[Taylor series]] methods: why, what next?. Numerical Algorithms, 37(1-4), 325-336. {{tech-stub}} [[Category:Numerical analysis]] [[category:Computer science]] 0nj57tfu4xydmqcizgz7wmd5c49xdxf 0 761845 10369205 9887613 2025-07-03T08:23:26Z 180.150.36.182 10369205 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matrix analysis''' is a subfield of [[linear algebra]]. It focuses on analytical properties of matrices. In this subject, [[vector]] norms and [[matrix (mathematics)|matrix]] norms are introduced. The goal of this area is deepen understanding to matrix [[eigenvalue]]s and [[system of linear equations]]. This leads to discussions in [[numerical linear algebra]].<ref name="hj">Horn, R. A., & Johnson, C. R. (2012). Matrix analysis. Cambridge University Press.</ref><ref name="bell">Bellman, R. (1997). Introduction to matrix analysis. SIAM.</ref><ref name="app">Meyer, C. D. (2000). Matrix analysis and applied linear algebra. SIAM.</ref><ref name="gtm">Bhatia, R. (2013). Matrix analysis. Springer Science & Business Media.</ref><ref name="app2">Applied Linear Algebra and Matrix Analysis, Thomas S. Shores, Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics (2018). Springer International Publishing.</ref> ==Main Topics== The following topics are studied in the context of matrix analysis:<ref name="hj"/><ref name="bell"/><ref name="app"/><ref name="gtm"/><ref name="app2"/> * Discussing matrices by tools from [[functional analysis]] * Inequalities related to matrix norms or matrix eigenvalues<ref>Kittaneh, F. (1992). A note on the arithmetic-geometric-mean inequality for matrices. [[:en:Linear Algebra and its Applications]], 171, 1-8.</ref><ref>Bhatia, R., & Kittaneh, F. (2000). Notes on matrix arithmetic–geometric mean inequalities. Linear Algebra and Its Applications, 308(1-3), 203-211.</ref><ref>Bhatia, R., & Davis, C. (1993). More matrix forms of the arithmetic-geometric mean inequality. SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications, 14(1), 132-136.</ref><ref>Cardoso, J. R., & Ralha, R. (2016). Matrix arithmetic-geometric mean and the computation of the logarithm. SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications, 37(2), 719-743.</ref> * Behavior of [[eigenvalues and eigenvectors|matrix eigenvalues]] ==Significance== Functional analysis usually discusses mathematical operators in infinite dimension [[Hilbert space]]s.<ref>Conway, J. B. (2019). A course in functional analysis (Vol. 96). Springer.</ref> But difficulty remains even discussion is limited to matrices (which is a finite dimension mathematical operator). This is because difficulty comes not only from infinite dimension but also non-commutativity.<ref>Simon, B. (2015). Operator theory. [[American Mathematical Society]].</ref><ref>Alpay, D., Cipriani, F., Colombo, F., Guido, D., Sabadini, I., & Sauvageot, J. L. (2016). Noncommutative analysis, operator theory and applications. Springer International Publishing.</ref><ref>Yoshino, Takashi (1993). Introduction to Operator Theory. Chapman and Hall/CRC. ISBN 978-0582237438.</ref> And matrices are good examples of non-commutative mathematical operators (In other words, you cannot change the order of matrix multiplication). Matrix analysis is trying to overcome problems caused by non-commutativity.<ref name="hj"/><ref name="bell"/><ref name="app"/><ref name="gtm"/><ref name="app2"/> ==Achievements== The following results are known as remarkable achievements in this area: * Matrix Young inequalities<ref>Ando, T. (1995). Matrix young inequalities. In Operator theory in function spaces and Banach lattices (pp. 33-38). Birkhäuser Basel.</ref> * Lidskii theorem<ref name="gtm"/><ref>Lewis, A. S. (2000). Lidskii's theorem via nonsmooth analysis. SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications, 21(2), 379-381.</ref> * Hansen-Pedersen method<ref name="gtm"/><ref>F. Hansen, G.K. Pedersen, Jensen’s inequality for operators and Loewner’s theorem, Math. Ann. 258 (1982) 229–241.</ref><ref>F. Hansen, G.K. Pedersen, Jensen’s operator inequality, Bull. London Math. Soc. 35 (2003) 553–564.</ref> ==Journals== The following journals include articles about matrix analysis: * SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications (Published by the [[Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics]]) * Linear Algebra and its Applications * Linear and Multilinear Algebra * The Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra (Published by the International Linear Algebra Society) ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==Further Reading== * {{cite book|title=Computational Matrix Analysis|author=Alan J. Laub|year=2012|publisher=SIAM|isbn=978-161-197-221-4}} * {{cite book|title=Functions of Matrices: Theory and Computation|author=N. J. Higham|year=2000 |publisher=SIAM|isbn=089-871-777-9}} [[Category:Fields of mathematics]] [[Category:Linear algebra]] 5pu8zinue3uja7297mmwc9p7ioqobmj 0 762362 10369215 10296637 2025-07-03T08:25:51Z 180.150.36.182 10369215 wikitext text/x-wiki '''MATLAB ([[matrix (mathematics)|matrix]] laboratory)''' is a programming language made by Cleve Moler from MathWorks. It was originally made for [[numerical analysis]] (especially [[numerical linear algebra]]).<ref>Gilat, Amos (2004). MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications 2nd Edition. John Wiley & Sons.</ref><ref>Quarteroni, Alfio; Saleri, Fausto (2006). Scientific Computing with MATLAB and Octave. Springer.</ref><ref>Gander, W., & Hrebicek, J. (Eds.). (2011). Solving problems in scientific computing using Maple and Matlab®. Springer Science & Business Media.</ref> But today, it is used in many areas such as: <!--alphabetical order--> {{div col|rules=yes|colwidth=20em}} * Data analysis<ref>Martinez, W. L., Martinez, A. R., Solka, J., & Martinez, A. (2010). Exploratory data analysis with MATLAB. CRC Press.</ref> * [[Deep learning]]<ref>Kim, P. (2017). Matlab deep learning. With Machine Learning, Neural Networks and Artificial Intelligence, 130.</ref> * [[Machine learning]]<ref>Paluszek, M., & Thomas, S. (2016). MATLAB machine learning.</ref> * [[Neural network]]<ref>Perez, C. (2017). Deep Learning and Dynamic Neural Networks with Matlab. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.</ref> * [[Numerical analysis]] ** [[Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations]]<ref>Wouwer, A. V., Saucez, P., & Vilas, C. (2014). Simulation of Ode/Pde Models with MATLAB®, OCTAVE and SCILAB: Scientific and Engineering Applications. Springer.</ref><ref>Houcque, D. (2008). Applications of MATLAB: Ordinary differential equations (ODE). Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science-Northwestern University, Evanston.</ref><ref>Shampine, L. F., & Reichelt, M. W. (1997). The matlab ode suite. SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, 18(1), 1-22.</ref><ref>Ashino, R., Nagase, M., & Vaillancourt, R. (2000). Behind and beyond the MATLAB ODE suite. Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 40(4-5), 491-512.</ref> ** [[Numerical methods for partial differential equations]]<ref>Li, J., & Chen, Y. T. (2019). Computational partial differential equations using MATLAB®. CRC Press.</ref><ref>Lloyd N. Trefethen (2000) Spectral Methods in MATLAB. SIAM, Philadelphia, PA.</ref> *** [[Finite element method]]<ref>Ferreira, A.J.M. (2009). MATLAB Codes for Finite Element Analysis. Springer.</ref><ref>Kwon, Y. W., & Bang, H. (2018). The finite element method using MATLAB. CRC Press.</ref><ref>Pepper, D. W., & Heinrich, J. C. (2017). The finite element method: basic concepts and applications with MATLAB, MAPLE, and COMSOL. CRC Press.</ref> * [[Optimization]]<ref>Venkataraman, P. (2009). Applied optimization with MATLAB programming. John Wiley & Sons.</ref> * [[Signal processing]]<ref>Weeks, M. (2010). Digital signal processing using MATLAB & wavelets. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.</ref><ref>Jackson, L. B. (2013). Digital Filters and Signal Processing: With MATLAB® Exercises. Springer Science & Business Media.</ref><ref>Stearns, S. D., & Hush, D. R. (2002). Digital signal processing with examples in MATLAB®. CRC Press.</ref><ref>Swanson, D. C. (2011). Signal processing for intelligent sensor systems with MATLAB. CRC Press.</ref> * [[Statistics]]<ref>Cho, M., & Martinez, W. L. (2014). Statistics in Matlab: A primer (Vol. 22). CRC Press.</ref><ref>Martinez, W. L. (2011). Computational statistics in MATLAB®. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics, 3(1), 69-74.</ref> {{div col end}} ==Release history== {{Infobox software | name = MATLAB (software) |logo=File:Matlab_Logo.png | developer = [[MathWorks]] | released = {{Start date and age|1984}}<ref>Moler, C., & Little, J. (2020). A history of MATLAB. Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, 4(HOPL), 1-67.</ref> | latest release version = R2020a | latest release date = {{Start date and age|2020|03|19}} | latest preview version = | latest preview date = | programming language = [[C (programming language)|C]]/[[C++]], MATLAB | operating system = [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[macOS]], and [[Linux]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mathworks.com/products/availability/index.html#ML|title=System Requirements and Platform Availability|publisher=MathWorks|access-date=August 14, 2013|archive-date=October 13, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013171819/http://www.mathworks.com/products/availability/index.html#ML|url-status=dead}}</ref> | platform = [[IA-32]], [[x86-64]] | genre = [[Numerical analysis]] | license = [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]] commercial software | website = {{URL|https://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab.html|mathworks.com}} }} {{Infobox programming language | name = MATLAB (programming language) | paradigm = multi-paradigm: [[Functional programming|functional]], [[Imperative programming|imperative]], procedural, [[Object-oriented programming|object-oriented]], array | family = | year = late 1970s | designer = Cleve Moler | developer = MathWorks | latest release version = 9.8 (R2020a) | latest release date = {{Start date and age|2020|03|19}} | latest preview version = | latest preview date = | typing = dynamic, weak | turing-complete = Yes | scope = | implementations = | dialects = | influenced by = {{startflatlist}} *[[APL (programming language)|APL]] *EISPACK *LINPACK *PL/0 *Speakeasy<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2013/12/102746804-05-01-acc.pdf |title=An interview with CLEVE MOLER Conducted by Thomas Haigh On 8 and 9 March, 2004 Santa Barbara, California |publisher=Computer History Museum |quote=So APL, Speakeasy, LINPACK, EISPACK, and PL0 were the predecessors to MATLAB. |access-date=December 6, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227140938/http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2013/12/102746804-05-01-acc.pdf |archive-date=December 27, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{endflatlist}} | influenced = {{startflatlist}} *Julia<ref name="Julia">{{cite web |url=http://julialang.org/blog/2012/02/why-we-created-julia |first1=Jeff |last1=Bezanson |first2=Stefan |last2=Karpinski |first3=Viral |last3=Shah |first4=Alan |last4=Edelman |title=Why We Created Julia |publisher=Julia Language |date=February 14, 2012 |access-date=December 1, 2016}}</ref> *[[GNU Octave]]<ref name="Octave">{{cite web |url=http://jbrwww.che.wisc.edu/tech-reports/twmcc-2001-03.pdf |first=John W. |last=Eaton |title=Octave: Past, Present, and Future |work=Texas-Wisconsin Modeling and Control Consortium |date=May 21, 2001 |access-date=December 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809034614/http://jbrwww.che.wisc.edu/tech-reports/twmcc-2001-03.pdf |archive-date=August 9, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Scilab]]<ref name="Scilab">{{cite web |url=https://www.scilab.org/scilab/history |title=History |publisher=Scilab |access-date=December 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201171246/http://www.scilab.org/scilab/history |archive-date=December 1, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[INTLAB]]<ref name="rump">S.M. Rump: INTLAB – INTerval LABoratory. In Tibor Csendes, editor, Developments in Reliable Computing, pages 77–104. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1999.</ref><ref name="moore">Moore, R. E., Kearfott, R. B., & Cloud, M. J. (2009). Introduction to Interval Analysis. [[Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics]].</ref><ref name="acta">Rump, S. M. (2010). Verification methods: Rigorous results using floating-point arithmetic. Acta Numerica, 19, 287–449.</ref><ref name="har">Hargreaves, G. I. (2002). Interval analysis in MATLAB. Numerical Algorithms, (2009.1).</ref> {{endflatlist}} | operating system = | license = | file ext = .m, .p,<ref>{{cite web|title=Protect Your Source Code|url=https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/matlab_prog/protect-your-source-code.html|publisher=MathWorks|access-date=November 1, 2019}}</ref> .mex*,<ref>{{cite web|title=MEX Platform Compatibility|url=https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/matlab_external/platform-compatibility.html|publisher=MathWorks|access-date=November 1, 2019}}</ref> .mat,<ref>{{cite web|title=MAT-File Versions|url=https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/import_export/mat-file-versions.html|publisher=MathWorks|access-date=November 1, 2019}}</ref> .fig,<ref>{{cite web|title=Save Figure to Reopen in MATLAB Later|url=https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/creating_plots/save-figure-to-reopen-in-matlab-later.html|publisher=MathWorks|access-date=November 1, 2019}}</ref> .mlx,<ref>{{cite web|title=Live Code File Format (.mlx)|url=https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/matlab_prog/live-script-file-format.html|publisher=MathWorks|access-date=November 1, 2019}}</ref> .mlapp,<ref>{{cite web|title=MATLAB App Designer|url=https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/appdesigner.html|publisher=MathWorks|access-date=November 1, 2019}}</ref> .mltbx,<ref>{{cite web|title=Toolbox Distribution|url=https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/creating-help.html|publisher=MathWorks|access-date=November 1, 2019}}</ref> .mlappinstall,<ref>{{cite web|title=MATLAB App Installer File|url=https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/creating_guis/what-is-an-app.html|publisher=MathWorks|access-date=November 1, 2019|archive-date=January 17, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117002416/https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/creating_guis/what-is-an-app.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> .mlpkginstall<ref>{{cite web|title=Support Package Installation|url=https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/matlab_external/support-package-installation.html|publisher=MathWorks|access-date=November 1, 2019|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006135910/https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/matlab_external/support-package-installation.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | website = {{URL|https://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab.html|mathworks.com}} | wikibooks = MATLAB Programming }} For a complete list of changes of both MATLAB and official toolboxes, check the MATLAB release notes.<ref>{{cite web|title=MATLAB Release Notes|url=http://www.mathworks.com/help/relnotes/index.html|publisher=MathWorks|access-date=May 25, 2020|archive-date=June 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628062454/https://www.mathworks.com/help/relnotes/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> {|class="sortable wikitable" |+ '''Versions of the MATLAB product family''' !Name of release !MATLAB !Simulink, Stateflow (MATLAB attachments) !Year |- !Volume 8 |5.0 | |1996 |- !Volume 9 |5.1 | |1997 |- !R9.1 |5.1.1 | |1997 |- !R10 |5.2 | |1998 |- !R10.1 |5.2.1 | |1998 |- !R11 |5.3 | |1999 |- !R11.1 |5.3.1 | |1999 |- !R12 |6.0 | |2000 |- !R12.1 |6.1 | |2001 |- !R13 |6.5 | |2002 |- !R13SP1 |6.5.1 | | rowspan=2|2003 |- !R13SP2 |6.5.2 | |- !R14 |7 |6.0 | rowspan=2|2004 |- !R14SP1 |7.0.1 |6.1 |- !R14SP2 |7.0.4 |6.2 | rowspan=2|2005 |- !R14SP3 |7.1 |6.3 |- !R2006a |7.2 |6.4 | rowspan=2|2006 |- !R2006b |7.3 |6.5 |- !R2007a |7.4 |6.6 | rowspan=2|2007 |- !R2007b |7.5 |7.0 |- !R2008a |7.6 |7.1 | rowspan=2|2008 |- !R2008b |7.7 |7.2 |- !R2009a |7.8 |7.3 | rowspan=2|2009 |- !R2009b |7.9 |7.4 |- !R2010a |7.10 |7.5 | rowspan=2|2010 |- !R2010b |7.11 |7.6 |- !R2011a |7.12 |7.7 | rowspan=2|2011 |- !R2011b |7.13 |7.8 |- !R2012a |7.14 |7.9 |rowspan=2|2012 |- !R2012b |8.0 |8.0 |- !R2013a |8.1 |8.1 |rowspan=2|2013 |- !R2013b |8.2 |8.2 |- !R2014a |8.3 |8.3 |rowspan=2|2014 |- !R2014b |8.4 |8.4 |- !R2015a |8.5 |8.5 |rowspan=2|2015 |- !R2015b |8.6 |8.6 |- !R2016a |9.0 |8.7 | rowspan="2" |2016 |- !R2016b |9.1 |8.8 |- !R2017a |9.2 |8.9 | rowspan="2" |2017 |- !R2017b |9.3 |9.0 |- !R2018a |9.4 |9.1 | rowspan="2" |2018 |- !R2018b |9.5 |9.2 |- !R2019a |9.6 |9.3 | rowspan="2" |2019 |- !R2019b |9.7 |9.4 |- !R2020a |9.8 |9.5 | rowspan="2" |2020 |- !R2020b | | |} ==References== {{reflist|20em}} ==Other websites== {{Sister project links |wikt=no |n=no |q=no |s=no |commons=Category:MATLAB |b=MATLAB Programming |v=MATLAB essential }} * {{Official website|https://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab.html}} {{tech-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Matlab}} [[category:Mathematics]] [[Category:Microsoft Windows software]] [[Category:Linux software]] g4fbs9ofhw8fea5lfdkbhn8n4p0ov9l 0 763540 10368542 10253539 2025-07-03T00:11:33Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ US-EN 10368542 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unreferenced|date=June 2020}} {{Infobox television | genre = {{unbulleted list|[[Adventure]]|[[Television comedy|Comedy]]|[[Family]]|[[Fantasy]]|[[Musical film|Musical]]|[[Science fiction]]|[[Action film|Action]]}} | based_on = {{based on|''[[The Lego Movie]]''|[[Phil Lord and Christopher Miller]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.time.com/2014/02/20/how-the-lego-movie-was-made-animation-video/|title=Here's How the Animators Made The Lego Movie: Watch|author=Diane Tsai|date=20 February 2014|access-date=29 May 2018|via=entertainment.time.com}}</ref>}} | developer = {{unbulleted list|[[Ed Skudder]]|[[Lynn Wang]]}} | voices = {{unbulleted list|[[Tara Strong]]|[[Grey DeLisle|Grey Griffin]]|[[Kate Micucci]]|[[Roger Craig Smith]]|[[Eric Bauza]]|H. Michael Croner}} | theme_music_composer = [[Babymetal]] | opentheme = "Unikitty Theme" | composer = [[Nick Keller]] | country = United States | language = English | num_seasons = 3<!--Would change when a new season begins--> | num_episodes = 104 | list_episodes = List of Unikitty! episodes | executive_producer = {{unbulleted list|[[Dan Lin]]|Phil Lord|Christopher Miller|[[Roy Lee]]|Jill Wilfert|[[Sam Register]]|Jeff Prezenkowski}} | producer = {{unbulleted list|Ed Skudder|Lynn Wang|[[Aaron Horvath]] {{small|(supervising producer)}}|Tony Salama {{small|(line producer)}}|[[Ben Gruber]]}} | director = {{unbulleted list|[[Casey Alexander (cartoonist)|Casey Alexander]]|Brock Gallagher|Adriel Garcia|Neil Graf|Careen Ingle|[[William Reiss|Bill Reiss]]|}} | editor = {{unbulleted list|Molly Yahr|Ryan Samsam}} | runtime = 11 minutes | company = {{unbulleted list|[[The Lego Group]]|[[Warner Bros. Animation]]}} | channel = [[Cartoon Network]] | first_aired = {{Start date|2017|10|27}} | last_aired = {{Start date|2020|8|27}} | image = Unikitty! (Print).svg }} '''''Unikitty!''''' (stylised as '''''UniKitty!''''') is an American animated television series produced by [[The Lego Group]] and [[Warner Bros. Animation]] for [[Cartoon Network]]. ==List of characters== * [[Princess Unikitty]] (voiced by [[Tara Strong]]) * Prince Puppycorn (voiced by [[Grey DeLisle]]) * Dr. Fox (voiced by [[Kate Micucci]]) * Hawkodile (voiced by [[Roger Craig Smith]]) * Richard (voiced by [[Roger Craig Smith]]) * Master Frown (voiced by Eric Bauza) * Brock (voiced by H. Michael Croner) ==References== <references /> ==Other websites== *{{IMDb title|tt6874502}} *{{Official website|https://www.lego.com/en-my/themes/unikitty}} [[Category:2017 American television series debuts]] [[Category:American animated television series]] [[Category:2020 American television series endings]] [[Category:Cartoon Network series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] {{tv-stub}} fxq64dpqks40h1a75tzrgs5qfayoblt 0 765451 10368421 8831454 2025-07-02T22:58:57Z Ferien 1011873 Nominated for deletion; see [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/There Are No Thieves in This Village]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|fails [[WP:GNG]]/[[:w:en:WP:NFILM]], only being kind in kicking it to RfD as an A4 that has stood here for over 5 years}} {{italictitle}} '''''There Are No Thieves in This Village''''' ({{lang-es|En este pueblo no hay ladrones}}) is a 1965 Mexican drama movie directed by [[Alberto Isaac]] and based on the story by [[Gabriel García Márquez]]. It stars [[Julián Pastor]], [[Rocío Sagaón]], [[Graciela Enríquez]], [[Luis Buñuel]], [[Alfonso Arau]], [[Héctor Ortega]]. == Other websites == * {{IMDb title|0059147|En este pueblo no hay ladrones}} {{movie-stub}} [[Category:1965 drama movies]] [[Category:Mexican drama movies]] tpqknli9tna26rqz9nf1batrxm76jcg 3 765461 10368422 6981014 2025-07-02T22:58:57Z Ferien 1011873 Notification: listing at [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] of [[There Are No Thieves in This Village]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368422 wikitext text/x-wiki == Welcome == Hello, [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome]] to the '''Simple English Wikipedia'''! You may want to begin by reading these pages : * [[Help:Contents|Help]] * [[Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines|Rules]] * [[Wikipedia:Useful|Links to useful pages]] * [[Wikipedia:How to write Simple English articles|How to write Simple English pages]] * [[Wikipedia:How to copy from another Wikipedia|How to copy from another Wikipedia]] For some ideas of pages to work on, read [[Wikipedia:Requested articles]] or the [[Wikipedia:Most wanted articles|list of wanted pages]]. You can [[Wikipedia:Be bold|change any pages you want!]] Any changes you make can be seen immediately. You can ask questions at [[Wikipedia:Simple talk]]. At the end of your messages on Talk pages, please sign your name by typing "<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>" (four tildes) Good luck and happy editing! ==[[User:Infogapp1|Infogapp1]] ([[User talk:Infogapp1|talk]]) 12:20, 9 June 2020 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of There Are No Thieves in This Village== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:There Are No Thieves in This Village]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/There Are No Thieves in This Village]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:58, 2 July 2025 (UTC) juslq58xrr7g9i3ctxrrzy4sd6mav0e 0 766649 10368094 10228752 2025-07-02T18:52:58Z 2A0C:5A81:9307:4800:A994:D1D5:C391:20EC Fin 10368094 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''[[Finnish language|Finnish]] alphabet''' has 29 letters. They are: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z, Å, AE, Ä and OE, Ö. The letters Š and Ž, which are only used in borrowed words, are almost never used and not a part of the Finnish alphabet. Instead, they are seen as different forms of S and Z. The letter G only occurs in original Finnish words in the combination NG, not by itself. The letters B, C and F only occur in newly borrowed words, and thus were not part of the Finnish alphabet until recent times. The letters Q, W, X, Z and Å, along with the Š and Ž, are only used in borrowed words from different languages and are almost absent in Finnish. [[Category:Finnish language]] [[Category:Alphabets]] 47bgxaa3gas723nlygb7240isfibm47 10368095 10368094 2025-07-02T18:53:42Z 2A0C:5A81:9307:4800:A994:D1D5:C391:20EC Fin 10368095 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''[[Finnish language|Finnish]] alphabet''' has 29 letters. They are: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z, Å, AE, Ä OE, And Ö. The letters Š and Ž, which are only used in borrowed words, are almost never used and not a part of the Finnish alphabet. Instead, they are seen as different forms of S and Z. The letter G only occurs in original Finnish words in the combination NG, not by itself. The letters B, C and F only occur in newly borrowed words, and thus were not part of the Finnish alphabet until recent times. The letters Q, W, X, Z and Å, along with the Š and Ž, are only used in borrowed words from different languages and are almost absent in Finnish. [[Category:Finnish language]] [[Category:Alphabets]] 0fn7kkp2dmqt1o3791re2pu6u1u3evf 10368096 10368095 2025-07-02T18:54:03Z 2A0C:5A81:9307:4800:A994:D1D5:C391:20EC Fin 10368096 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''[[Finnish language|Finnish]] alphabet''' has 31 letters. They are: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z, Å, AE, Ä OE, And Ö. The letters Š and Ž, which are only used in borrowed words, are almost never used and not a part of the Finnish alphabet. Instead, they are seen as different forms of S and Z. The letter G only occurs in original Finnish words in the combination NG, not by itself. The letters B, C and F only occur in newly borrowed words, and thus were not part of the Finnish alphabet until recent times. The letters Q, W, X, Z and Å, along with the Š and Ž, are only used in borrowed words from different languages and are almost absent in Finnish. [[Category:Finnish language]] [[Category:Alphabets]] 13firh35vi4y0asorzvh8tkj9aek4my 10368135 10368096 2025-07-02T19:33:21Z 2A0C:5A81:9307:4800:A994:D1D5:C391:20EC Fin 10368135 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''[[Finnish language|Finnish]] alphabet''' has 31 letters. They are: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z, Å, AE, Ä OE, And Ö. The letters Š and Ž, which are only used in borrowed words, are almost never used and not a part of the Finnish alphabet. Instead, they are seen as different forms of O, S and Z. The letter G only occurs in original Finnish words in the combination NG, not by itself. The letters B, C and F only occur in newly borrowed words, and thus were not part of the Finnish alphabet until recent times. The letters Q, W, X, Z and Å, along with the O/ Š and Ž, are only used in borrowed words from different languages and are almost absent in Finnish. [[Category:Finnish language]] [[Category:Alphabets]] foutlcu8kbyoy6wdtncx1spqe0uw2qb 10368238 10368135 2025-07-02T20:42:01Z 2A0C:5A81:9307:4800:2166:3D2C:3137:3BB5 decmark 10368238 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''[[Finnish language|Finnish]] alphabet''' has 31 letters. They are: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z, Å, AE, Ä OE, And Ö. The letters Š and Ž, which are only used in borrowed words, are almost never used and not a part of the Finnish alphabet. Instead, they are seen as different forms of O, S and Z. The letter G only occurs in original Finnish words in the combination NG, not by itself. The letters B, C and F only occur in newly borrowed words, and thus were not part of the Finnish alphabet until recent times. The letters Q, W, X, Z and Å, along with the O/ Š and Ž, are only used in borrowed words from different languages and are almost absent in Finnish. [[Category:Finnish language]] [[Category:Alphabets]] abc 50u5rbzssoqb3ekw8u34jmr4hneny4n 10368240 10368238 2025-07-02T20:42:17Z Igor123121 1293570 Undid revision 10368238 by [[Special:Contributions/2A0C:5A81:9307:4800:2166:3D2C:3137:3BB5|2A0C:5A81:9307:4800:2166:3D2C:3137:3BB5]] ([[User talk:2A0C:5A81:9307:4800:2166:3D2C:3137:3BB5|talk]]) 10368240 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''[[Finnish language|Finnish]] alphabet''' has 31 letters. They are: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z, Å, AE, Ä OE, And Ö. The letters Š and Ž, which are only used in borrowed words, are almost never used and not a part of the Finnish alphabet. Instead, they are seen as different forms of O, S and Z. The letter G only occurs in original Finnish words in the combination NG, not by itself. The letters B, C and F only occur in newly borrowed words, and thus were not part of the Finnish alphabet until recent times. The letters Q, W, X, Z and Å, along with the O/ Š and Ž, are only used in borrowed words from different languages and are almost absent in Finnish. [[Category:Finnish language]] [[Category:Alphabets]] foutlcu8kbyoy6wdtncx1spqe0uw2qb 0 768549 10367873 9570523 2025-07-02T16:23:42Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* References */ US-EN 10367873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} '''''Adventure Time: Distant Lands''''' is the name for four hour-long [[web television]] specials based on the American animated television series ''[[Adventure Time]]'', which was created by [[Pendleton Ward]] and originally aired on [[Cartoon Network]] from 2010 to 2018. The specials are produced by [[Cartoon Network Studios]] and [[Frederator Studios]] and will be released on [[HBO Max]] starting June 25, 2020.<ref name="2020specials">{{cite web |last1=Hayes |first1=Britt |title=Adventure Time is returning with four new hour-long specials on HBO Max |url=https://news.avclub.com/adventure-time-is-returning-with-four-new-hour-long-spe-1839297314 |website=[[The A.V. Club]] |access-date=October 23, 2019 |date=October 23, 2019 |archive-date=September 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913015841/https://www.avclub.com/adventure-time-is-returning-with-four-new-hour-long-spe-1839297314 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The series is about the adventures of [[Finn the Human|Finn]] (a human boy) and his best friend and adoptive brother [[Jake the Dog|Jake]], a dog with magical powers to change shape and size at will. The show will also include [[Princess Bubblegum]], [[Marceline the Vampire Queen]], and [[BMO (Adventure Time)|BMO]]. ==References== {{reflist}} {{TV-stub}} [[Category:Adventure Time]] [[Category:American animated television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:HBO Max original programming]] d5s8pap0y981iy6mtmjujtaqdroqn3m 0 770799 10369037 9126585 2025-07-03T05:51:20Z Julipero 1604351 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|1|0 */ 10369037 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hannah Hart by Gage Skidmore.jpg|right|200px]] '''Hannah Maud Hart''' (born November 2, 1986) is an American [[Internet celebrity|internet personality]], comedian, author, and actress. She is known for starring in ''[[My Drunk Kitchen]]'', a weekly series on [[YouTube]] in which she cooks something while [[drunk]]. She also runs a second channel where she talks about life in general and gives her opinions on many topics. She co-produced and starred in the independent comedy movie ''[[Camp Takota]]'', released in 2014. She wrote a [[parody]] cookbook which was a ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'' bestseller for five weeks in August–September 2014. She is a 2017 recipient of the [[Alex Awards]]. Hart was born in [[Palo Alto, California]]. She studied at the [[University of California, Berkeley]]. Hart is a [[lesbian]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hogan|first1=Heather|title=Hannah Hart on her new book, coming out and style icons|url=http://www.afterellen.com/people/227459-awesome-interview-hannah-hart-talks-about-her-new-book-and-her-rise-to-lesbian-superstardom|website=AfterEllen|access-date=September 21, 2016|date=September 23, 2014}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hart, Hannah}} [[Category:1986 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American YouTubers]] [[Category:American movie actors]] [[Category:LGBT comedians]] [[Category:LGBT actors]] [[Category:American LGBT writers]] [[Category:LGBT producers]] [[Category:Lesbians]] [[Category:Writers from California]] [[Category:Actors from California]] [[Category:Movie producers from California]] [[Category:LGBT people from California]] [[Category:People from Palo Alto, California]] {{US-bio-stub}} sx158mgn8rp9iit306ze0krsz6kg3ye 0 772741 10369203 8785813 2025-07-03T08:22:31Z 180.150.36.182 10369203 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox software | name = GNU Octave | logo = [[File:Gnu-octave-logo.svg|100px]] | screenshot = GNUOctave430.png | caption = GNU Octave 4.3.0+ running on [[Linux]] | developer = John W. Eaton and many others<ref>{{cite web|title=contributors.in|author=Rik|url=http://hg.savannah.gnu.org/hgweb/octave/file/tip/doc/interpreter/contributors.in|access-date=14 June 2015|date=10 June 2015}}</ref> | released = {{Start date and age|4 January 1993}} (first alpha release)<br/>{{Start date and age|17 February, 1994}} (version 1.0)<ref name="kilikilikili">[https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/about "Full-time development began in the Spring of 1992. The first alpha release was January 4, 1993, and version 1.0 was released February 17, 1994."]</ref> | latest release version = {{wikidata|property|reference|P348}} | latest release date = {{start date and age|{{wikidata|qualifier|P348|P577}}}} | latest preview version = 6.3.90a | latest preview date = {{Start date and age|2021|10|20|df=yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Index of /gnu/octave|url=https://alpha.gnu.org/gnu/octave/?C=M;O=D|access-date=2021-11-11|website=alpha.gnu.org}}</ref> | programming language = [[C++]] (main), Octave itself (scripts), [[C (programming language)|C]] (wrapper code), [[Fortran]] (linear algebra wrapper code)<ref name="octave_building">{{cite web|title=Building - Octave|url=https://wiki.octave.org/Building|website=wiki.octave.org|publisher=GNU|access-date=1 May 2018|language=en}}</ref> | operating system = [[Windows]], [[macOS]], [[Linux]], [[Berkeley Software Distribution|BSD]] | platform = <!--List them all--> | language count = 18 | language footnote = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hg.savannah.gnu.org/hgweb/octave/file/4730becad0b1/libgui/languages|title=Basque, Belarussian, Catalan, Chinese, Dutch, English, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Latvian, Portuguese (Brazil), Portuguese (Portugal), Russian, Spanish, Turkish, Ukrainian|website=hg.savannah.gnu.org}}</ref> | genre = [[List of numerical-analysis software|Scientific computing]] | license = 2007: [[GNU General Public License|GPL-3.0-or-later]]{{efn|GPL-3.0-or-later since 2007-10-12.}}<br />1992: [[GNU General Public License|GPL-2.0-or-later]]{{efn|GPL-2.0-or-later from 1992-02-19 until 2007-10-11.}} | website = {{URL|https://gnu.org/software/octave/}} }} '''GNU Octave''' is an [[open source]] [[programming language]] for [[numerical analysis]] (especially [[numerical linear algebra]]).<ref>Hansen, J. S. (2011). GNU Octave: Beginner's Guide: Become a Proficient Octave User by Learning this High-level Scientific Numerical Tool from the Ground Up. Packt Publishing Ltd.</ref><ref>Eaton, J. W. (2012). GNU Octave and reproducible research. Journal of Process Control, 22(8), 1433-1438.</ref><ref>Eaton, J. W. (2001, March). Octave: Past, present and future. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Distributed Statistical Computing.</ref> This language is mostly compatible with [[MATLAB]].<ref>This means that everything available at MATLAB is mostly available in GNU Octave.</ref> ==Usage== GNU Octave was originally made for numerical analysis. But today, it is also used for the following purposes (the purposes may increase in the future): * [[Interval arithmetic]] <ref>Heimlich, O. (2016, June). Interval arithmetic in GNU Octave. In SWIM 2016: Summer Workshop on Interval Methods.</ref><ref>S.M. Rump: [[INTLAB]] - INTerval LABoratory. In Tibor Csendes, editor, Developments in Reliable Computing, pages 77-104. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1999.</ref> * [[Life science]]<ref>Prinz, H. (2011). Numerical Methods for the Life Scientist: Binding and Enzyme Kinetics Calculated with GNU Octave and MATLAB. Springer Science & Business Media.</ref> * [[Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations]]<ref>Wouwer, A. V., Saucez, P., & Vilas, C. (2014). Simulation of Ode/Pde Models with MATLAB®, OCTAVE and [[Scilab]]: Scientific and Engineering Applications. Springer.</ref> * [[Numerical methods for partial differential equations]]<ref>Frank, F., Reuter, B., Aizinger, V., & Knabner, P. (2015). FESTUNG: A MATLAB/GNU Octave toolbox for the discontinuous Galerkin method, Part I: Diffusion operator. Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 70(1), 11-46.</ref><ref>Reuter, B., Aizinger, V., Wieland, M., Frank, F., & Knabner, P. (2016). FESTUNG: A MATLAB/GNU Octave toolbox for the discontinuous Galerkin method, Part II: Advection operator and slope limiting. Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 72(7), 1896-1925.</ref><ref>Jaust, A., Reuter, B., Aizinger, V., Schütz, J., & Knabner, P. (2018). FESTUNG: A MATLAB/GNU Octave toolbox for the discontinuous Galerkin method. Part III: Hybridized discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) formulation. Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 75(12), 4505-4533.</ref><ref>Reuter, B., Rupp, A., Aizinger, V., Frank, F., & Knabner, P. (2018). FESTUNG: A MATLAB/GNU Octave toolbox for the discontinuous Galerkin method. Part IV: Generic problem framework and model-coupling interface. arXiv preprint arXiv:1806.03908.</ref> * Scientific [[education]]<ref>Sharma, N., & Gobbert, M. K. (2010). A comparative evaluation of Matlab, Octave, FreeMat, and Scilab for research and teaching. UMBC Faculty Collection.</ref> * Technical [[simulation]]<ref>Lie, K. A. (2019). An introduction to reservoir simulation using MATLAB/GNU Octave: User guide for the MATLAB Reservoir Simulation Toolbox (MRST). [[Cambridge University Press]].</ref> == Development history == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Time !! Action |- |align="right"| 1988/1989 || 1st discussions (Book and Software) |- |align="right"| February 1992 || Begin of Development |- |align="right"| January 1993 || News in Web (Version 0.60) |- |align="right"| February 1994 || 1st Publication (Version 1.0.0 to 1.1.1)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-1.html | title=GNU Octave Version 1 }}</ref> |- |align="right"| December 1996 || 2nd Publication (Version 2.0.x) with Windows Port (Cygwin)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-2.html | title=GNU Octave Version 2 }}</ref> |- |align="right"| March 1998 || Version 2.1 |- |align="right"| November 2004 || Version 2.9 (DEV Version of 3.0)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/2012/12/31/news-archive.html | title=News Archive }}</ref> |- |align="right"| December 2007 || Publication of Version 3.0 (Milestone)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-3.html | title=GNU Octave Version 3 }}</ref> |- |align="right"| June 2009 || Publication of Version 3.2 (Milestone)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-3.2.html | title=GNU Octave Version 3.2 }}</ref> |- |align="right"| 8 February 2011 || Version 3.4.0 (Milestone)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-3.4.html | title=GNU Octave Version 3.4 }}</ref> |- |align="right"| 22 February 2012 || Publication of Octave 3.6.1 (Milestone)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-3.6.html | title=GNU Octave Version 3.6 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2013/02/21/octave-3.6.4-released.html | title=GNU Octave 3.6.4 Released }}</ref> |- |align="right"| 31 December 2013 || Publication of Octave 3.8.0 (experimental GUI)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-3.8.html | title=GNU Octave Version 3.8 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2013/12/31/octave-3.8.0-released.html | title=GNU Octave 3.8.0 Released }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2014/03/04/octave-3.8.1-released.html | title=GNU Octave 3.8.1 Released }}</ref> |- |align="right"| 29 May 2015 || Version 4.0.0 (stable GUI and new Syntax for [[object oriented programming|OOP]])<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-4.0.html | title=GNU Octave Version 4.0 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2015/05/29/octave-4.0.0-released.html | title=GNU Octave 4.0.0 Released }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2016/03/23/octave-4.0.1-released.html | title=GNU Octave 4.0.1 Released }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2016/07/02/octave-4.0.3-released.html | title=GNU Octave 4.0.3 Released }}</ref> |- |align="right"| 14 November 2016 || Version 4.2.0 (gnuplot 4.4+)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/2016/11/14/octave-4.2.0-released.html |title=GNU Octave 4.2.0 Released |access-date=2020-07-06 |archive-date=2016-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119181350/https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/2016/11/14/octave-4.2.0-released.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-4.2.html | title=GNU Octave Version 4.2 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2017/02/24/octave-4.2.1-released.html | title=GNU Octave 4.2.1 Released }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2018/03/13/octave-4.2.2-released.html | title=GNU Octave 4.2.2 Released }}</ref> |- |align="right"| 30 April 2018 || Version 4.4.0 (new Goal for GUI QT Toolkit, FLTK deprecating in future)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-4.4.html | title=GNU Octave Version 4.4 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2018/04/30/octave-4.4.0-released.html | title=GNU Octave 4.4.0 Released }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2018/08/09/octave-4.4.1-released.html | title=GNU Octave 4.4.1 Released }}</ref> |- |align="right"| 1 March 2019 || Publication of Octave 5.1.0 (QT5 preferred)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-5.1.html | title=GNU Octave Version 5 }}</ref> |} ==References and notes== {{reflist}} ;Notes <references group="lower-alpha"/> ==Other websites== {{Commons category-inline|GNU Octave}} {{Wikibooks|Octave Programming Tutorial}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gnu Octave}} [[Category:GNU project software]] [[Category:Free software]] [[Category:Computer science]] [[Category:Computing]] [[Category:Microsoft Windows software]] [[Category:Linux software]] hrhjidkv9x1lcvl9rn7h2mwzoro30ah 0 773906 10369201 9646207 2025-07-03T08:20:48Z 180.150.36.182 10369201 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox recurring event | name = Asian Karate Championships | native_name = | native_name_lang = | logo = | logo_caption = | image = | caption = | status = active | genre = sporting event | date = mid-year | begins = | ends = | frequency = annual | venue = | location = | coordinates = | country = varying | years_active = | first = {{Start date|1973 / 1993|df=y}} | founder_name = | last = | prev = | next = | participants = | attendance = | area = | budget = | activity = | patron = | organised = | filing = | people = | member = | sponsor = | website = | footnotes = }} The '''Asian Karate Championships''' are the highest level of competition for sport [[karate]] in [[Asia]]. The competition is held in a different country every two years organized by the [[Asian Karate Federation]] (AKF) under the supervision of [[World Karate Federation]] (WKF), the largest international governing body of sport karate with over 180 member [[countries]]. The federation was formed in 1973 as the APUKO (Asian Pacific Union of Karatedo Organizations). It was renamed AUKO (Asian Union of Karatedo Organizations) in 1992 after the World Karate-Do Organizations (WUKO) was accepted by the IOC. In 1999, in conjunction with the World Federation of Karate-Do Organizations (WUKO) renamed the World Karate Federation (WKF), the federation was renamed the AKF (Asian Karatedo Federation).<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Team Database 1970 - 1972|url=http://akf.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/National-Team-Database-1970-2012.xls|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190316215920/http://akf.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/National-Team-Database-1970-2012.xls|archive-date=2019-03-16|access-date=2019-03-16}}</ref> ==Championships== {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} ===Seniors Championships=== {| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%;" |- ! width=20|Year !!width=20|Number !! width=400|Host !! width=20|Events |- | colspan="5" style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"|'''APUKO and WUKO - Asian Pacific Karate-Do Championships''' |- | style="text-align:center"|[[1973 Asian Pacific Karate-Do Championships|1973]] | align=center|1 | {{flagicon|SIN}} [[Singapore]], [[Singapore]] | align=center| |- | style="text-align:center"|[[1976 Asian Pacific Karate-Do Championships|1976]] | align=center|2 | {{flagicon|INA}} [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]] | align=center| |- | style="text-align:center"|[[1978 Asian Pacific Karate-Do Championships|1978]] | align=center|3 | {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Taipei]], [[Taiwan]] | align=center| |- | style="text-align:center"|[[1981 Asian Pacific Karate-Do Championships|1981]] | align=center|4 | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Sydney]], [[Australia]] | align=center| |- | style="text-align:center"|[[1983 Asian Pacific Karate-Do Championships|1983]] | align=center|5 | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Nagoya]], [[Japan]] | align=center| |- | style="text-align:center"|[[1985 Asian Pacific Karate-Do Championships|1985]] | align=center|6 | {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Kota Kinabalu]], [[Malaysia]] | align=center| |- | style="text-align:center"|[[1987 Asian Pacific Karate-Do Championships|1987]] | align=center|7 | {{flagicon|INA}} [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]] | align=center| |- | style="text-align:center"|[[1989 Asian Pacific Karate-Do Championships|1989]] | align=center|8 | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Sydney]], [[Australia]] | align=center| |- | style="text-align:center"|[[1991 Asian Pacific Karate-Do Championships|1991]] | align=center|9 | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Auckland]], [[New Zealand]] | align=center| |- | colspan="5" style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"|'''AUKO / AKF and WKF - Asian Karate Championships''' |- | style="text-align:center"|[[1993 Asian Karate Championships|1993]] | align=center|1 | {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Taipei]], [[Taiwan]] | align=center| |- | style="text-align:center"|[[1995 Asian Karate Championships|1995]] | align=center|2 | {{flagicon|PHI}} [[Manila]], [[Philippines]] | align=center| |- | style="text-align:center"|[[1997 Asian Karate Championships|1997]] | align=center|3 | {{flagicon|MAC}} [[Macau]], [[Macau]] | align=center| |- | style="text-align:center"|[[1999 Asian Karate Championships|1999]] | align=center|4 | {{flagicon|SIN}} [[Singapore]], [[Singapore]] | align=center|19 |- | style="text-align:center"|[[2001 Asian Karate Championships|2001]] | align=center|5 | {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Genting Highlands|Genting]], [[Malaysia]] | align=center|19 |- | style="text-align:center"|[[2003 Asian Karate Championships|2003]] | align=center|- | {{flagicon|MAC}} [[Macau]], [[Macau]] | align=center|19 |- | style="text-align:center"|[[2004 Asian Karate Championships|2004]] | align=center|6 | {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Taoyuan City]], [[Taiwan]] | align=center|19 |- | style="text-align:center"|[[2005 Asian Karate Championships|2005]] | align=center|7 | {{flagicon|MAC}} [[Macau]], [[Macau]] | align=center|19 |- | style="text-align:center"|[[2007 Asian Karate Championships|2007]] | align=center|8 | {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Seremban]], [[Malaysia]] | align=center|19 |- | style="text-align:center"|[[2009 Asian Karate Championships|2009]] | align=center|9 | {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Foshan]], [[China]] | align=center|17 |- | style="text-align:center"|[[2011 Asian Karate Championships|2011]] | align=center|10 | {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Quanzhou]], [[China]] | align=center|17 |- | style="text-align:center"|[[2012 Asian Karate Championships|2012]] | align=center|11 | {{flagicon|UZB}} [[Tashkent]], [[Uzbekistan]] | align=center|17 |- | style="text-align:center"|[[2013 Asian Karate Championships|2013]] | align=center|12 | {{flagicon|UAE}} [[Dubai]], [[United Arab Emirates]] | align=center|17 |- | style="text-align:center"|[[2015 Asian Karate Championships|2015]] | align=center|13 | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yokohama]], [[Japan]] | align=center|17 |- | style="text-align:center"|[[2017 Asian Karate Championships|2017]] | align=center|14 | {{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Astana]], [[Kazakhstan]] | align=center|17 |- | style="text-align:center"|[[2018 Asian Karate Championships|2018]] | align=center|15 | {{flagicon|JOR}} [[Amman]], [[Jordan]] | align=center|17 |- | style="text-align:center"|[[2019 Asian Karate Championships|2019]] | align=center|16 | {{flagicon|UZB}} [[Tashkent]], [[Uzbekistan]] | align=center|17 |} [[2003 Asian Karate Championships]] was '''unofficial''' because of [[2003 SARS outbreak]]. {{col-2}} ===Juniors Championships=== {| class=wikitable style="font-size:90%;" |- ! width=20|Year !!width=20|Number !! width=400|Host !! width=20|Events |- | colspan="5" style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"|'''APUKO and WUKO - Asian Pacific Juniors Karate-Do Championships''' |- | style="text-align:center"|[[1989 Asian Pacific Juniors Karate-Do Championships|1989]] | align=center|1 | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Fukuoka]], [[Japan]] | align=center| |- | style="text-align:center"|[[1990 Asian Pacific Juniors Karate-Do Championships|1990]] | align=center|2 | {{flagicon|INA}} [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]] | align=center| |- | style="text-align:center"|[[1991 Asian Pacific Juniors Karate-Do Championships|1991]] | align=center|3 | {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Taichung]], [[Taiwan]] | align=center| |- | colspan="5" style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"|'''AUKO / AKF and WKF - Asian Juniors Karate Championships''' |- | style="text-align:center"|[[1992 Asian Juniors Karate Championships|1992]] | align=center|1 | {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]] | align=center| |- | style="text-align:center"|[[1994 Asian Juniors Karate Championships|1994]] | align=center|2 | {{flagicon|VIE}} [[Hanoi]], [[Vietnam]] | align=center| |- | style="text-align:center"|[[1996 Asian Juniors Karate Championships|1996]] | align=center|3 | {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Taichung]], [[Taiwan]] | align=center| |- | style="text-align:center"|[[1998 Asian Juniors Karate Championships|1998]] | align=center|4 | {{flagicon|MAC}} [[Macau]], [[Macau]] | align=center| |- | style="text-align:center"|[[2000 Asian Juniors Karate Championships|2000]] | align=center|5 | {{flagicon|MAC}} [[Macau]], [[Macau]] | align=center| |- | style="text-align:center"|[[2002 Asian Juniors Karate Championships|2002]] | align=center|6 | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]] | align=center| |- | style="text-align:center"|[[2005 Asian Juniors Karate Championships|2005]] | align=center|7 | {{flagicon|MAC}} [[Macau]], [[Macau]] | align=center| |- | style="text-align:center"|[[2006 Asian Juniors Karate Championships|2006]] | align=center|8 | {{flagicon|SIN}} [[Singapore]], [[Singapore]] | align=center| |- | style="text-align:center"|[[2008 Asian Juniors Karate Championships|2008]] | align=center|9 | {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Kota Kinabalu]], [[Malaysia]] | align=center| |- | style="text-align:center"|[[2010 Asian Juniors Karate Championships|2010]] | align=center|10 | {{flagicon|HKG}} [[Hong Kong]], [[Hong Kong]] | align=center| |- | style="text-align:center"|[[2011 Asian Juniors Karate Championships|2011]] | align=center|11 | {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Guangzhou]], [[China]] | align=center|23 |- | style="text-align:center"|[[2012 Asian Juniors Karate Championships|2012]] | align=center|12 | {{flagicon|UZB}} [[Tashkent]], [[Uzbekistan]] | align=center|23 |- | style="text-align:center"|[[2013 Asian Juniors Karate Championships|2013]] | align=center|13 | {{flagicon|UAE}} [[Dubai]], [[United Arab Emirates]] | align=center|25 |- | style="text-align:center"|[[2014 Asian Juniors Karate Championships|2014]] | align=center|14 | {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]] | align=center|31 |- | style="text-align:center"|[[2016 Asian Juniors Karate Championships|2016]] | align=center|15 | {{flagicon|INA}} [[Makassar]], [[Indonesia]] | align=center|36 |- | style="text-align:center"|[[2017 Asian Juniors Karate Championships|2017]] | align=center|16 | {{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Astana]], [[Kazakhstan]] | align=center|36 |- | style="text-align:center"|[[2018 Asian Juniors Karate Championships|2018]] | align=center|17 | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Okinawa]], [[Japan]] | align=center|35 |- | style="text-align:center"|[[2019 Asian Juniors Karate Championships|2019]] | align=center|18 | {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Kota Kinabalu]], [[Malaysia]] | align=center|36 |} Ages : Cadets 14-16 / Juniors 16-18 / Hopes 18-21 {{col-end}} ==All time medal table== ===Seniors 1999 - 2019 exclude 2003=== {{Medals table | caption = | host = | flag_template = flagcountry | event = | team = | gold_JPN = 108 | silver_JPN = 28 | bronze_JPN = 37 | gold_IRI = 53 | silver_IRI = 33 | bronze_IRI = 47 | gold_CHN = 14 | silver_CHN = 9 | bronze_CHN = 21 | gold_MAS = 11 | silver_MAS = 29 | bronze_MAS = 53 | gold_UZB = 10 | silver_UZB = 7 | bronze_UZB = 22 | gold_KAZ = 9 | silver_KAZ = 22 | bronze_KAZ = 39 | gold_KUW = 6 | silver_KUW = 9 | bronze_KUW = 31 | gold_INA = 4 | silver_INA = 14 | bronze_INA = 33 | gold_VIE = 3 | silver_VIE = 22 | bronze_VIE = 34 | gold_TPE = 3 | silver_TPE = 21 | bronze_TPE = 30 | gold_KSA = 3 | silver_KSA = 10 | bronze_KSA = 14 | gold_KOR = 3 | silver_KOR = 2 | bronze_KOR = 8 | gold_JOR = 2 | silver_JOR = 5 | bronze_JOR = 16 | gold_UAE = 1 | silver_UAE = 3 | bronze_UAE = 5 | gold_PAK = 1 | silver_PAK = 0 | bronze_PAK = 2 | gold_HKG = 0 | silver_HKG = 7 | bronze_HKG = 22 | gold_MAC = 0 | silver_MAC = 2 | bronze_MAC = 11 | gold_SYR = 0 | silver_SYR = 2 | bronze_SYR = 1 | gold_PHI = 0 | silver_PHI = 2 | bronze_PHI = 5 | gold_THA = 0 | silver_THA = 1 | bronze_THA = 13 | gold_BRU = 0 | silver_BRU = 1 | bronze_BRU = 2 | gold_KGZ = 0 | silver_KGZ = 1 | bronze_KGZ = 2 | gold_MYA = 0 | silver_MYA = 1 | bronze_MYA = 2 | gold_IND = 0 | silver_IND = 0 | bronze_IND = 2 | gold_IRQ = 0 | silver_IRQ = 0 | bronze_IRQ = 1 | gold_NEP = 0 | silver_NEP = 0 | bronze_NEP = 1 | gold_PRK = 0 | silver_PRK = 0 | bronze_PRK = 1 | gold_SIN = 0 | silver_SIN = 0 | bronze_SIN = 1 | gold_SRI = 0 | silver_SRI = 0 | bronze_SRI = 1 | gold_TJK = 0 | silver_TJK = 0 | bronze_TJK = 1 }} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{columns|width=auto |col1 = * [https://asiankaratefederation.net/ Asian Karate Federation Official Website] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20020101000000*/http://akf-karate.net/ Past Asian Karate Federation Official Website] * [https://www.karate-dvd.com/product/the-1st-asian-karatedo-championships-champ-archive/ 1993 Asian Karate Championships] * [https://www.karate-dvd.com/product/the-2nd-asian-karatedo-championships-champ-archive/ 1995 Asian Karate Championships] * [https://www.karate-dvd.com/product/the-3rd-asian-karatedo-championships-champ-archive/ 1997 Asian Karate Championships] * [https://www.karate-dvd.com/?product_cat=&s=ASIAN+KARATEDO+CHAMPIONSHIPS+&post_type=product Asian Karate Championships History] * [https://www.hkkaratedo.com.hk//en/tournament/overseas-results Hong Kong Karate Results] * [https://web.archive.org/web/2019*/http://www.makaf.net/championship_result.html Malaysia Karate Results] * [https://sabahkarate.net/past-championships/ Sabah Karate Results] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20020101000000*/http://www.wkf.net/html/results.html World Karate Federation Results] * {{cite web| url = https://www.wkf.net/continental-championships-historical | title = Continental Karate Championships History |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20201204122529/https://www.wkf.net/continental-championships-historical |archivedate = 2020-12-04 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.karaterec.com/en/ WKF Karate Records] |col2 = * {{cite web| url = http://www.karatedo.co.jp/jkf/jkf-eng/7asia/junior_cadet.html | title = 7th Juniors |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060616010706/http://www.karatedo.co.jp/jkf/jkf-eng/7asia/junior_cadet.html |archivedate = 2006-06-16 }} * [https://emiliomerayo.wordpress.com/2010/08/06/10th-akf-junior-cadet-karate-championship-2010/ 10th Juniors] * [https://emiliomerayo.wordpress.com/2011/07/25/results-10th-akf-senior-championship-11th-akf-junior-cadet-karate-championship-2011/ 11th Juniors] * [https://emiliomerayo.wordpress.com/2012/07/16/results11th-akf-senior-kumite-championship-12th-akf-junior-cadet-karate-championship-2012/ 12th Juniors] * [https://emiliomerayo.wordpress.com/2013/12/09/results-12th-akf-senior-and-13th-junior-cadet-championships-2013/ 13th Juniors] * [https://www.sportdata.org/wkf/set-online/veranstaltung_info_main.php?active_menu=calendar&vernr=11 14th Juniors] * [https://www.sportdata.org/wkf/set-online/veranstaltung_info_main.php?active_menu=calendar&vernr=104 15th Juniors] * [https://www.sportdata.org/wkf/set-online/veranstaltung_info_main.php?active_menu=calendar&vernr=125 16th Juniors] * [https://www.sportdata.org/wkf/set-online/veranstaltung_info_main.php?active_menu=calendar&vernr=168 17th Juniors] * [https://www.sportdata.org/wkf/set-online/veranstaltung_info_main.php?active_menu=calendar&vernr=280 18th Juniors] }} {{Karate}} {{Karate Competitions}} {{Asian Karate Championships}} {{Asian Championships}} [[Category:1993 establishments in Asia]] [[Category:Asian Karate Championships| ]] 8pvrycvsukhmcc5gjrmoma8vkfunzho 10 774031 10369202 8649469 2025-07-03T08:21:57Z 180.150.36.182 10369202 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Karate Competitions |title = International [[karate]] competitions |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |bodyclass = hlist |group1 = World |list1 = * [[World Karate Championships|World Championships]] * [[World Juniors Karate Championships|World Juniors Championships]] * [[World Para Karate Championships|World Para Championships]] * [[World University Karate Championships|World University Championships]] * [[Karate1 Premier League]] |group2 = Continental |list2 = * [[African Karate Championships|African Championships]] * [[Asian Karate Championships|Asian Championships]] * [[European Karate Championships|European Championships]] * [[Oceania Karate Championships|Oceania Championships]] * [[Pan American Karate Championships|Pan American Championships]] |group3 = Multi-sport |list3 = * [[Karate at the All-Africa Games|African Games]] * [[Karate at the Asian Games|Asian Games]] * [[Karate at the Pan American Games|Pan American Games]] * [[Karate at the Summer Olympics|Summer Olympics]] * [[Karate at the World Games|World Games]] }}<noinclude> {{collapsible option}} [[Category:Karate navigational boxes|competitions]] [[Category:Sports competitions|τ]] </noinclude> pfg81h85hu8j9madiu115xpoyuy99uq 0 774648 10368611 10305847 2025-07-03T01:00:27Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10368611 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox person | name = Anna Cathcart | image = | image_size = | caption = Cathcart in 2016 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|2003|6|16}}<ref name="Birthday">[https://www.famousbirthdays.com/people/anna-cathcart.html "Anna Cathcart Bio, Facts, Family"]. ''Famous Birthdays''. Retrieved July 14, 2020.</ref> | birth_place = [[Richmond, British Columbia|Richmond]], [[British Columbia]], [[Canada]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pressroom.pbs.org/-/media/Images/01-KIDS/ODD-SQUAD/Documents/Odd-Squad-Season-2-Cast--Character-Bios.ashx|title=Odd Squad Season 2 Character & Cast Bios|website=PBS Pressroom|access-date=July 14, 2020|archive-date=August 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170826071024/http://pressroom.pbs.org/-/media/Images/01-KIDS/ODD-SQUAD/Documents/Odd-Squad-Season-2-Cast--Character-Bios.ashx|url-status=dead}}</ref> | occupation = Actress | years_active = 2016-present | known_for = ''[[To All the Boys I've Loved Before (movie)|To All the Boys I've Loved Before]]'', ''[[Descendants 2]]'' and ''[[Descendants 3]]'' | height = 5’4 }} '''Anna Cathcart''' (born June 16, 2003)<ref name=Birthday/> is a Canadian child actress. She played Olympia in ''[[Odd Squad (TV series)|Odd Squad]]'',<ref name="Miller">{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Bruce|title=It adds up: 'Odd Squad' stars say personality pays off|url=http://siouxcityjournal.com/entertainment/television/it-adds-up-odd-squad-stars-say-personality-pays-off/article_ca92d9c3-302e-5bcf-a6fd-00b41bc30851.html|access-date=May 30, 2017|website=Sioux City Journal|date=May 7, 2017}}</ref> Dizzy in the [[Disney Channel]] original movies ''[[Descendants 2]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ohmy.disney.com/news/2016/08/25/drizellas-daughter-has-been-cast-in-descendants-2-and-she-is-adorable/|title=Drizella's Daughter Has Been Cast in Descendants 2 and She is Adorable|website=Oh My Disney|access-date=June 14, 2020|date=August 25, 2016}}</ref> and ''[[Descendants 3|3]]'', Kitty in the [[Netflix]] original movie ''[[To All the Boys I've Loved Before (movie)|To All the Boys I've Loved Before]]''<ref name="Jarvey">{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/john-corbett-lana-condor-join-all-boys-ive-loved-before-film-1023303|title=John Corbett, Lana Condor Join 'To All the Boys I've Loved Before' Film (Exclusive)|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|first=Natalie|last=Jarvey|date=July 21, 2017}}</ref> and Zoe in Zoe Valentine.<ref name="Zoe Valentine">{{cite web|url= https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/all-boys-ive-loved-befores-anna-cathcart-set-brat-show-1162936|title='To All the Boys I've Loved Before' Actress Anna Cathcart to Star in Brat Series 'Zoe Valentine'|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|first=Natalie|last=Jarvey|date=November 20, 2018|access-date=June 21, 2020}}</ref> ==Early life== Cathcart was born in Richmond, Canada on June 16, 2003, and raised in [[Vancouver]], Canada.<ref name="Tigerbeat">{{cite web|url=https://tigerbeat.com/2019/09/anna-cathcart-fun-facts/|title=14 Things You Didn’t Know About Anna Cathcart|website=Tigerbeat|access-date=July 14, 2020|archive-date=September 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911205624/https://tigerbeat.com/2019/09/anna-cathcart-fun-facts/|url-status=dead}}</ref> She has an older sister called Sara Cathcart.<ref name="Birthday"/> Cathcart currently goes to school.<ref name="Tigerbeat"/> ==Filmography== ===Television, Movie and Web roles=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Year !Title !Role !Notes |- |2016-2019 |''[[Odd Squad (TV series) |Odd Squad]]'' |Agent Olympia |Main role (season 2) |- |2016 |''Odd Squad: The Movie'' |Agent Olympia |Television movie |- |2016-2017 |''OddTube'' |Agent Olympia |Main role (season 1) |- |2017 |''Dino Dana'' |Robyn |2 episodes; recurring |- |2017 |''[[Descendants 2]]'' |Dizzy |[[Disney Channel]] Original Movie |- |2017 |''[[Once Upon a Time (TV series)|Once Upon a Time]]'' |Young Drizella |2 episodes; recurring |- |2018 |''Odd Squad: World Turned Odd'' |Agent Olympia |Television movie |- |2018 |''[[To All the Boys I've Loved Before (movie)|To All the Boys I've Loved Before]]'' |Kitty |[[Netflix]] Original Movie |- |2018 |''Under the Sea: A Descendants Story'' |Dizzy |Short Movie |- |2019 |''Zoe Valentine'' |Zoe |Lead role |- |2019 |''Fast Layne'' |Anna |4 episodes; Guest/recurring |- |2019 |''Spring Breakaway'' |Zoe |Brat Movie |- |2019 |''[[Descendants 3]]'' |Dizzy |Disney Channel Original Movie |- |2020 |''To All the Boys: P.S. I Still Love You'' |Kitty<ref name="Galuppo">{{cite web| url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/all-boys-ive-loved-before-sequel-supporting-cast-returns-new-director-1196528|title='To All the Boys I've Loved Before' Sequel Taps New Director as Supporting Cast Returns (Exclusive) |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|first=Mia|last=Galuppo|date=March 22, 2019|access-date=June 23, 2020}}</ref> |Netflix Original Movie |} ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Other websites== * {{IMDb name|8264172}} * {{Facebook|annacathcart}} * {{Instagram|annacathcart}} * {{Twitter|annacathcart}} {{Authority control}} {{Multistub|Canada|actor}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cathcart, Anna}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:2003 births]] [[Category:Actors from British Columbia]] [[Category:Canadian child actors]] [[Category:Canadian movie actors]] [[Category:Canadian television actors]] [[Category:People from British Columbia]] o1u5j9ueky6hqfvwapjujdl5xevln91 0 775887 10368951 10360485 2025-07-03T04:34:37Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Main */ fixed a missing word and a typo of duplication 10368951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | caption = | genre = Educational,<ref name=nydailynews>{{cite web |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv/pbs-unveils-educational-odd-squad-article-1.2017000 |title=PBS unveils 'Odd Squad,' its latest educational kids' show |last=Hinckley |first=David |date=2014-11-23 |website=[[New York Daily News]] |access-date=2017-01-30}}</ref> [[Comedy]]<ref name=commonsense>{{cite web |url=https://www.commonsensemedia.org/tv-reviews/odd-squad |title=Odd Squad TV Review |website=Common Sense Media |access-date=2017-01-30 |quote=Genre: Comedy}}</ref> | creator = Tim McKeon<br>Adam Peltzman | developer = | writer = Tim McKeon | director = Various | creative_director = Jim Foundic | presenter = | starring = {{plainlist|*Dalila Bela *Filip Geljo *Millie Davis *Sean Michael Kyer *[[Anna Cathcart]] *Isaac Kragten *Olivia Presti *Valentina Herrera *Jayce Alexander *Gavin Maclver-Wright *Glee Dango *Shazdeh Kapadia *Alyssa Hidalgo}} | narrated = | theme_music_composer = | opentheme = <!-- Odd Squad theme --><!-- This and closing have been commented out because I can't determine the official name from episode credits available to me --> | endtheme = <!-- Odd Squad theme --> | composer = Paul Buckley | country = [[Canada]]<br>[[United States]] | language = English | num_seasons = 4 | num_episodes = 120 | list_episodes = List of Odd Squad episodes | executive_producer = J.J. Johnson<br>Tim McKeon<br>Blair Powers<br>Paul Siefken | producer = Matthew J.R. Bishop<br>Georgina Lopez | editor = Jennifer Essex-Chew<br>Courtney Goldman<br>Christopher Minns<br>Laura Bower | location = [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]] | cinematography = | camera = | runtime = 22 minutes; two episodes paired for a half-hour program | company = Fred Rogers Productions<br>Sinking Ship Entertainment | channel = [[TVOKids]] (Canada)<br>[[Knowledge Kids]](Canada)<br>[[PBS Kids]] (U.S.)<br>[[CBBC]] (U.K.)<br>[[Discovery Kids]] (Latin America)<br>[[KiKa]] (Europe)<!-- *Only* TVO/Ici Radio-Canada Télé and PBS Kids should be listed here, since they are the first-run networks for the series. Univision, CBBC, and others SHOULD NOT be listed in the infobox because this parameter is intended for the first-run channels in the country of origin, per the infobox usage instructions. It may be appropriate to talk about them in the article itself, provided they're sourced. --> | first_aired = {{Start date|2014|11|26}} | last_aired = present | related = }} '''''Odd Squad''''' is an educational TV series. It started on [[TVOKids]] and [[PBS Kids]] on November 26, 2014. The series involves [[child]] characters using [[mathematics]] to go through each episode's [[Narrative|plot]]. The series was made by Tim McKeon and Adam Peltzman and is produced by Fred Rogers Productions and Sinking Ship Entertainment in association with TVOKids. The series features [[Child|child actors]] (whose characters are the employees of the "Odd Squad") who use indirect reasoning and basic math to solve and look into strange happenings in their town. == Educational value == The main topic being taught in Odd Squad is mathematics for children ages 5 to 8.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Odd Squad Episodes {{!}} PBS KIDS Shows|url=https://www.pbs.org/parents/shows/odd-squad|access-date=2024-03-11|website=PBS KIDS for Parents|language=en}}</ref> Children are government agents who use math to solve an odd problem. Topics taught include: * Problem solving * Teamwork * Perseverance * Humor * Numbers and number sense * Geometry and spatial sense * Measurement * Data * Algebraic thinking Certain episodes may also teach a variety of other subjects. These include computer programming and coding, basic science, and geography. The series is well-known for teaching topics such as these in a manner children enjoy. == Seasons == === Seasons 1-2 === Two agents, Olive and Otto, are members of the Odd Squad [[Precinct]] 13579. The [[episode]] begins with the agents helping somebody with an odd problem. The agents then go back to [[headquarters]] by traveling through tubes. After being in headquarters the agents are called up to Oprah (Miss O)'s [[office]]. Olive and Otto are then told to fix an odd problem. Usually, the problem is caused by a [[villain]]. Another Odd Squad agent or a [[Citizenship|citizen]] may also be the cause of a problem. Olive and Otto may get help from the Mathroom when they cannot solve a problem by themselves. Agents Olympia and Otis were the new [[Protagonist|protagonists]] of season 2. The Mathroom was no longer used. Instead, the agents used [[watch]] [[Tablet computer|tablets]] to solve math problems. The episode style mostly stayed the same. Many Odd Squad hour-long [[Episode|episodes]] and a [[movie]] were made during this [[Season (television)|season]]. === Season 3: Mobile Unit === [[Season (television)|Season]] 3 of Odd Squad was the first season not [[Setting (fiction)|set]] in Precinct 13579. Instead, it focused on a Mobile Unit that flew around the world in a flying [[van]] to solve oddness. The [[Season (television)|season]] also taught more STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) and [[geography]], mostly simple [[science]] and "[[Mathematics|math]] in the [[science]]."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Productions|first=Fred Rogers|date=2019-03-26|title=Odd Squad is Back and On the Move on PBS Kids|url=https://www.fredrogers.org/2019/03/28/odd-squad-is-back-on-pbs-kids/|access-date=2023-08-29|website=[[Fred Rogers Productions]]}}</ref> 33 total episodes in this season are split into two parts. ==== Season 3A ==== This season premiered with the hour-long special, "Odd Beginnings." In the first 20 episodes, four agents, Opal, Orla, Omar, and Oswald, are called by the Big O and are told about an odd case and are sent to solve it. In most episodes, the agents split up into two groups of two to solve a case. [[Watch]] [[Tablet computer|tablets]] were still used. [[Villain|Villains]] weren't usually the cause of the problems, however, an evil child [[Fictional character|character]] named "The Shadow" planned to team up with a group of villains to take over the Odd Squad Mobile Unit. ==== Season 3B ==== There are 13 episodes in Season 3B. In the twentieth episode of Season 3, Opal left the Mobile Unit to join her sister because she was no longer evil. In the next episode, "Odd Off the Press," the Big O went to [[Outer space|space]] to help the Odd Squad Space Unit and left the show after seven years. She sent the Little O to help the Mobile Unit. Opal was replaced by Agent Osmerelda, who was in many [[Episode|episodes]] as a normal [[child]] character. She did not join Odd Squad before this episode because she had too many other activities to do. === Season 4: UK === Season 4 of Odd Squad is named "Odd Squad UK." [[Fred Rogers Productions]] announced on October 4, 2023 that a fourth season of Odd Squad would [[Season premiere|premiere]] in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-10-04|title=All-New: ODD SQUAD UK - Fred Rogers Productions|url=https://www.fredrogers.org/2023/10/04/odd-squad-uk/,%20https://www.fredrogers.org/2023/10/04/odd-squad-uk/|access-date=2023-10-29|website=www.fredrogers.org|language=en-US}}</ref> It will be named "Odd Squad UK." It was only filmed in the [[United Kingdom]] in Manchester, England. [[CBBC]] produced [[Season (television)|Season]] 4 along with [[PBS Kids]], [[TVOKids]], and [[SRC]]. It stars a mostly British cast. It has 12 episodes. Season 4 started on October 1, 2024 and ended on October 24, 2024. == Other productions and specials == === OddTube === OddTube is a series of short [[Video|videos]] on [[PBS Kids]]. One agent talks about the [[Setting (fiction)|setting]] of Odd Squad by [[Interview|interviewing]] agents and answering questions. There would be a [[sponsor]] which taught basic math, such as skip [[counting]] and [[geometry]]. There are two seasons. Season 1 aired in 2016 and 2017 during the second season of Odd Squad with Agent Olympia as the [[presenter]]. In 2020, during [[Season (television)|Season]] 3A of Odd Squad, Agent Orla was the presenter. === Odd Squad: Book of Games and Gadget Testers === Odd Squad: Book of Games and Gadget Testers are two series of short [[Video|videos]] on [[PBS Kids]] with the Odd Squad Mobile Unit as [[Protagonist|main characters]] during season 3B of the show. Both series started and ended in 2022. The presenters of Book of Games were Agents Oswald and Osmerelda. The presenters of Gadget Testers were Agents Omar and Orla. === Odd Squad: The Movie === Odd Squad: The Movie is a 2016 Odd Squad [[television movie]]. The movie has agents from both seasons 1 and 2 and aired during [[Season]] 2. The movie is about Odd Squad getting shut down because of a team of adults called the Weird Team. The Weird Team is a group of [[Adult|adults]] who hide odd problems instead of fixing them. === Odd Squad: World Turned Odd === Odd Squad: World Turned Odd is a 2018 Odd Squad [[television movie]] that aired during Odd Squad [[Season (television)|Season]] 2. The movie is about Agents Olympia, Otis, and Oona. They go back in time to 1983 to visit Agent Oprah becoming Miss O but undo every Odd Squad case ever fixed. === Odds and Ends === Odds and Ends is the [[Season finale|Season 2 finale]] of Odd Squad. The final two episodes, "Who is Agent Otis?" and "Odds and Ends," can be put together to become one movie. It aired in 2019. === Odd Squad: Odd Beginnings === Odd Squad: Odd Beginnings is the newest Odd Squad [[television movie]]. It aired in 2020. The [[movie]] is about how the Odd Squad Mobile Unit started but it is not the season 3 premiere. === The Odd Squadcast === The Odd Squadcast is a seven-episode [[Podcasting|podcast]] series that released episodes during late 2020. The Big O (Millie Davis) was the main [[presenter]]. === Odd Squad Gaming Unit === Odd Squad Gaming Unit is an upcoming let's play series of fifty-two short-form videos.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-02-18|title=Odd Squad Gaming Unit|url=https://productionlist.com/production/odd-squad-gaming-unit/|access-date=2025-06-09|website=Production List {{!}} Film & Television Industry Alliance|language=en-US}}</ref> Each video will be five minutes long. The series is made to promote games on the PBS Kids Games App. Filming started on May 5, 2025, and ended on June 15, 2025. The series will star two young and new Odd Squad agents who solve problems using teamwork and mathematics. The series is set to start in late 2025. ==Cast==<!-- Information about the characters is needed here. There may not be sources about them though except for Fandom, which is not very reliable. --> ===Main=== * Dalila Bela as Agent Olive (season 1) Olive is a short 12-year-old investigation agent who works at Precinct 13579. She is known for her seriousness at almost all times, except when she is solving a sports-related case. Her partner is Agent Otto. In the episode "O is Not for Over," she is promoted to a management agent and runs over own precinct with her partner. * Filip Geljo as Agent Otto (season 1) Otto is a tall 10-year-old investigation agent who works at Precinct 13579. He is a fun-loving agent and loves music by his favorite band, Soundcheck. His partner is Agent Olive. In the episode "O is Not for Over," he is promoted to a management agent and runs his own precinct with his partner. * Millie Davis as Oprah/Big O (seasons 1–3) Oprah plays the role of Ms. O in the first two seasons of the series and the Big O in the third season of the series. She is one of the only original cast members to stay in all three seasons of Odd Squad. She is another serious character who often yells at agents. Her age is unknown. It is assumed that she is thousands of years old. Millie Davis was 7 years old when the first season of the series began. She was 14 years old when she left the series and 15 when the third season ended. * Sean Michael Kyer as Agent Oscar (seasons 1–2) Oscar is the president of the Odd Squad scientists. He was 11 years old in the first season and 12 in the second season. He worked in Precinct 13579 running the science and gadgets department until the episode "Oscar Strikes Back." He was the first Odd Squad scientist and created the department. * [[Anna Cathcart]] as Agent Olympia (season 2) Olympia is an energetic 11-year-old investigation agent who works at Precinct 13579. She is the main character in the second season of the series. She is also the host of the first season of OddTube. Her partner is Agent Otis. She is often very cheerful and silly. She loves pandas and working at Odd Squad. * Isaac Kragten as Agent Otis (season 2) Otis is an investigation agent who works at Precinct 13579. His partner is Agent Olympia. He is very talented and serious. His attitude is similar to Olive's. In "Who is Agent Otis?" he reveals he was raised by villain ducks. He is afraid of them because he is worried it is his duck family returning to get him. He is one of the only agents who wasn't trained at the Odd Squad academy. Instead, he was personally trained by Ms. O. * Valentina Herrera as Agent Opal (season 3) Opal is a mostly serious 10-year-old agent. She was the leader of the Odd Squad Mobile Unit (also called OSMU) during the first part of the third season of Odd Squad. Before joining the Mobile Unit, she used to work in the Arctic Precinct. She is proud to be a member of Odd Squad. Her partners were agents Omar, Orla, and Oswald. She leaves the Mobile Unit in "End of the Road" to fight oddness with her sister. * Jayce Alexander as Agent Omar (season 3) Omar is a chipper agent in the Odd Squad Mobile Unit. He loves to travel and collect souvenirs from his solved cases. He used to work with Opal as a partner before joining OSMU and during her time working at OSMU. His partners are Orla, Oswald, and Osmerelda. * Gavin Maclver-Wright as Agent Oswald (season 3) * Alyssa Hidalgo as Agent Orla (season 3) * Glee Dango as Agent Osmerelda (season 3) * Shazdeh Kapadia as Orpita/Little O (season 3) * Asha Soetan as Agent Orli (season 4) * Alexander Shaw as Agent Ozzie (season 4) * Samir Simon Keegan as Agent Onom (season 4) * Shelly Lagodinsky as Captain O (season 4) {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:150px;" rowspan="3" | Character ! scope="col" style="width:150px;" rowspan="3" | Actor ! scope="col" colspan="5" | Appearances |- ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:60px;" | Season 1 ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:60px;" | Season 2 ! scope="col" colspan="2" | Season 3 ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:60px;" | Specials |- ! scope="col" style="width:60px;" | 3A ! scope="col" style="width:60px;" | 3B |- | Agent Olive | [[Dalila Bela]] | colspan="2" {{CMain|Main}}{{efn|name=olive&otto|Bela and Geljo are credited as main cast members until the first episode of season 2, "First Day", where they depart the series.}} | {{CNone}} | {{CGuest|Guest}}{{efn|These actors are credited as guest stars in the final episode of the series, "Odd Together Now", for their appearance in archival footage. They do not appear in new footage here.|name=archival}} | {{CMain|Main}} |- | Agent Otto | [[Filip Geljo]] | colspan="2" {{CMain|Main}}{{efn|name=olive&otto}} | {{CNone}} | {{CGuest|Guest}}{{efn|name=archival}} | {{CMain|Main}} |- | Big O | [[Millie Davis]] | colspan="5" {{CMain|Main}}{{efn|name=archival}}{{efn|Davis is credited as a main cast member until the twenty-first episode of season 3, "Odd Off the Press", where she departed the series.}} |- | Agent Oscar | [[Sean Michael Kyer]] | colspan="2" {{CMain|Main}}{{efn|Kyer is credited as a main cast member until the sixth episode of season 2, "Oscar Strikes Back", where he departed the series.}} | {{CNone}} | {{CGuest|Guest}}{{efn|name=archival}} | {{CMain|Main}} |- | Agent Olympia | [[Anna Cathcart]] | {{CNone}} | {{CMain|Main}} | {{CNone}} | {{CGuest|Guest}}{{efn|name=archival}} | {{CMain|Main}} |- | Agent Otis | [[Isaac Kragten]] | {{CNone}} | {{CMain|Main}} | {{CNone}} | {{CGuest|Guest}}{{efn|name=archival}} | {{CMain|Main}} |- | Agent Oona | Olivia Presti | {{CNone}} | {{CMain|Main}}{{efn|Presti is credited as a main cast member as of the seventh episode of season 2, "Olympia's Day/Otis' Day". Prior to this, she is credited as a guest star.}} | {{CGuest|Guest}}<!-- This MIGHT be a special guest on at least one episode but needs verification. --> | {{CGuest|Guest}}{{efn|name=archival}} | {{CMain|Main}} |- | Agent Opal | Valentina Herrera | colspan="2" {{CNone}} | {{CMain|Main}} | {{CGuest|Guest}}{{efn|name=archival}} | {{CNone}} |- | Agent Omar | Jayce Alexander | colspan="2" {{CNone}} | colspan="2" {{CMain|Main}} | {{CNone}} |- | Agent Oswald | Gavin Maclver-Wright | colspan="2" {{CNone}} | colspan="2" {{CMain|Main}} | {{CNone}} |- | Agent Orla | Alyssa Hidalgo | colspan="2" {{CNone}} | colspan="2" {{CMain|Main}} | {{CNone}} |- | Agent Osmeralda | Glee Dango | colspan="2" {{CNone}} | {{CRecurring|Recurring}} | {{CMain|Main}} | {{CNone}} |- | Little O | Shazdeh Kapadia | colspan="2" {{CNone}} | {{CGuest|Guest}} | {{CMain|Main}} | {{CNone}} |} {{Notelist}} ===Recurring=== ====Odd Squad Employees==== * Peyton Kennedy as Dr. O (seasons 1–2) * Jaeden J. Noel as Agent Obfusco (season 1) * Elijah Sandiford as Agent Ocean (season 2) * Julia Lalonde as Agent Octavia (season 1) * Madeleine Barbeau as Oksana (seasons 1–2) * Eshaan Buadwal as Agent Olaf (seasons 1–2) * Michela Luci as Agent Orchid (seasons 1–3) * Brendan Heard as Agent Oren (seasons 1–2) * Christian Distefano as Agent Owen (seasons 1–2) * Nashton Avila and Nathan Avila as Agent Orson (seasons 1–3) * Arista Arhin as Agent Ozlyn (season 2) * Sasha Steiner as Agent Olly (season 2) * Leonidas Castrounis as Agent Xavier (season 2) * Sheena Darnley as Agent Xena (season 2) * Alexander Joseph as Agent Orwell (season 4) * Halle Brady as Agent Opie (season 4) * Zach Bent as Agent Osgood (season 4) ====Villains==== * Jaiden Cannatelli as Agent Ohlm (seasons 1–2) * Martin Roach as Fladam (seasons 1–2) * David Tompa as Noisemaker (seasons 1–2) * Joshua Kilimnik as Odd Todd (seasons 1–2) * Stacey McGunnigle as the Puppetmaster (season 1) * Lauren Landauer as the Shapeshifter (seasons 1–2) * Danielle Benton as Tiny Dancer (seasons 1–2) * Farid Yazdani as Freeze Ray Ray (season 2) ====Others==== * Ashley Botting as Delivery Debbie (seasons 1–2) * Ava Preston as Polly Graph (season 1) ==Broadcast== In the US, the show premiered on PBS Kids on November 26, 2014 and on TVOKids and their sister channel ICI Radio-Canada Tele. On June 22, 2015, the show was about to air on CITV, but instead it aired on CBBC for some reason. ''Odd Squad'' was filmed throughout Toronto, Ontario. Season 3 was filmed in Cambridge, Ontario instead of Toronto, Ontario. A fourth season of ''Odd Squad UK'' will be released on CBBC in late 2024. Instead of Sinking Ship Entertainment, it will be associated with BBC Kids and Family Disturbion. ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Other websites== * {{IMDb title|3900614}} * [http://pbskids.org/oddsquad/ PBS Kids Home Page] * [http://www.tvokids.com/shows/oddsquad Odd Squad] on TVO Kids * [http://ici.radio-canada.ca/jeunesse/videos/webepisode.aspx?showid=6353&pageid=1 Organisation Super Insolite] on Ici Radio-Canada Télé * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mhcTIVAbLQI Critique de la série ODD SQUAD] on TJ Kingdom {{PBS Kids shows}} [[Category:2014 American television series debuts]]<!-- syndicated --> [[Category:2014 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2010s American children's television series]] [[Category:2010s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:2020s American children's television series]] [[Category:2020s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:2020s British children's television series]] [[Category:Canadian English-language television shows]] [[Category:CBBC shows]] [[Category:PBS Kids shows]] [[Category:Television series about friendship]] [[Category:TVOKids shows]] l43c0gx2iu9225uzb9rorgvqx75zlsj 0 776535 10368882 10323795 2025-07-03T03:43:42Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368882 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}} {{Infobox person | name = Rashmika Mandanna | image = Rashmika Mandanna PYTV press meet.jpg | caption = Mandanna at a Press Meet for '' [[Dear Comrade]] '' in 2019 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1996|04|05}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Rashmika-Mandanna|title=Rashmika Mandanna: Movies, Photos, Videos, News & Biography – eTimes|website=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Virajpet]], [[Karnataka]], India | occupation = {{hlist|Actor|model}} | years_active = 2016–present }} '''Rashmika Mandanna''' ( /ɾɐɕmɪkɑ mɐn̪d̪ɑn̪ːɑ/ born 5 April 1996) is an Indian actress who primarily works in [[Telugu]] and [[Hindi]] films. Her accolades include four SIIMA Awards and a Filmfare [[Award]] South. One of South India's highest-paid actresses, she was featured in ''Forbes India''<nowiki/>'s 2024 list of "30 Under 30". ==Career== After a brief modelling career, Mandanna made her acting debut with the [[Kannada]] romantic comedy ''Kirik Party'' (2016) and gained further commercial success with the action film ''Anjani Putra'' and the romantic drama ''Chamak'' (both 2017). She debuted in Telugu cinema with the comedy drama ''Chalo'' (2018) and had her breakthrough with the romantic comedy ''Geetha Govindam'' (2018), which earned her the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress – Telugu. She went on to star as the leading lady in the action comedies ''Sarileru Neekevvaru'' (2020) and ''Bheeshma''(2020). Mandanna earned wider recognition with the pan-India success of the Telugu action film ''Pushpa: The Rise''(2021). She played a supporting role in the period drama ''Sita Ramam''(2022) and the female lead in the Tamil film ''Varisu'' (2023) before venturing into Hindi cinema with two unremarkable releases. She had her highest-grossing releases with the action dramas ''Animal'' (2023) and ''Pushpa 2: The Rule'' (2024), as well as the historical action film ''Chhaava''(2025). Even so, her inclination towards androcentric films drew criticism for providing limited scope to showcase her acting abilities. In addition to acting, Mandanna serves as the ambassador of several brands and products ==Early life== Rashmika Mandanna was born on April 5, 1996, in Virajpet, a small town in Kodagu district, [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. She comes from a middle-class Kodava family. Her parents are Suman Mandanna and Madan Mandanna. She studied at Coorg Public School in Kodagu and later moved to [[Mysore]] for her pre-university [[education]]. Rashmika then joined M.S. Ramaiah College in [[Bengaluru]], where she studied Psychology, [[Journalism]] and English Literature. During her [[college]] days, she also worked as a model and appeared in advertisements. She became popular after winning the Clean & Clear Fresh Face contest in 2014, which helped her start a career in acting. == References == {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{IMDB name|8612305}} {{bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mandanna, Rashmika}} [[Category:Actors from Karnataka]] [[Category:1996 births]] [[Category:Living people]] hesodmnnniwid5s84c3mumr0w6iht7l 0 778476 10369435 10353045 2025-07-03T11:29:21Z 174.70.123.64 /* Original programming */ 10369435 wikitext text/x-wiki The following is a list of [[television program]]s that are being [[Broadcasting|broadcast]] or have been broadcast in the past on [[Public broadcasting|public television]] in the [[United States]] on the [[PBS Kids]] [[television channel]] (the original channel and its [[revival]]) and the PBS Kids [[Programming block|block]] on local [[PBS]] [[Television station|stations]]. ==Current programming== * <sup>1</sup> Co-distributed by [[Amazon Prime Video]], the official streaming partner for PBS Kids programming.<ref name="pbs.org">{{cite web |title=Amazon Prime Video Is now the Exclusive Premium Subscription Streaming Home for Family-Favorite PBS KIDS Series |website=[[PBS]] |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/amazon-prime-video-is-now-the-exclusive-premium-subscription-streaming-home-for-family-favorite-pbs-kids-series/ |access-date=12 March 2023}}</ref> * <sup>2</sup> Co-distributed on the PBS Retro streaming channel. ===Original programming=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !Current season !Source(s) |- |''[[Mister Rogers' Neighborhood]]''<sup>1</sup> <sup>2</sup> |February 19, 1968 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|Reruns |{{refn|group=note|name=mrn|National runs ended when spinoff series ''[[Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood]]'' began airing on September 3, 2012, but reruns of select episodes have since returned as of June 10, 2017 (PBS) and temporarily October 8, 2022 through February 5, 2023 (PBS Kids 24/7).}}{{refn|group=note|name=pbsretro|Reruns began streaming on the PBS Retro channel on April 23, 2024.}} |- |''[[Sesame Street]]'' |November 10, 1969 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|54 |{{refn|group=note|name=ss|''Sesame Street'' was notably absent from PBS Kids 24/7 until the channel relaunched on January 16, 2017 due to conflicting cable broadcast rights with [[Noggin (brand)|Noggin]] and [[Sesame Workshop|Children's Television Workshop]]. <br/> Premieres moved to [[HBO]] in 2016 and [[HBO Max]] in 2020, but ''Sesame Street'' has aired consistently on public television in some capacity since its original debut.}} |- |''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]''<sup>1</sup> |October 7, 1996 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|Reruns | |- |''[[Cyberchase]]''<sup>1</sup> |January 21, 2002 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[List_of_Cyberchase_episodes#Season_15_(2024)|15]] | |- |''[[Curious George (TV series)|Curious George]]'' |September 4, 2006 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|Reruns |{{refn|group=note|name=cg|''Curious George'' was notably absent from PBS Kids 24/7 until October 5, 2020 due to conflicting streaming rights with [[Hulu]] and [[NBCUniversal]].<br/> Premieres moved to [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]] in 2020, but ''Curious George'' has aired consistently on public television in some capacity since its original debut.}}{{Refn|group=note|name=end2024|National runs on PBS ended on September 30, 2024. Reruns continue on PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[Super Why!]]''<sup>1</sup> |rowspan=2|September 3, 2007 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|Reruns |{{refn|group=note|name=end2019|National runs on PBS ended on July 12, 2019. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[WordGirl]]''<sup>1</sup> |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|Reruns |{{refn|group=note|name=end2017a|National runs on PBS ended on June 2, 2017. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and periodically on PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[Dinosaur Train]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 7, 2009 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|Reruns |{{refn|group=note|name=end2024a|National runs on PBS ended on February 4, 2024. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!]]'' |September 6, 2010 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|Reruns |{{refn|group=note|name=end2021|National runs on PBS ended on October 1, 2021 with specials airing periodically through December 25, 2022. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[Wild Kratts]]''<sup>1</sup> |January 3, 2011 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[List_of_Wild_Kratts_episodes#Season_7_(2023)|7]] | |- |''[[Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 3, 2012 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[List_of_Daniel_Tiger's_Neighborhood_episodes#Season 7 (2024–)|7]] | |- |''[[Peg + Cat]]''<sup>1</sup> |October 7, 2013 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|Reruns |{{refn|group=note|name=end2021a|National runs on PBS ended on October 1, 2021 with specials airing periodically through December 23, 2022. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[Odd Squad (TV series)|Odd Squad]]''<sup>1</sup> |November 26, 2014 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[List_of_Odd_Squad_episodes#Season_4_(2024)|4]] |<ref>{{cite web |title=New Live-Action Series ODD SQUAD to Premiere on PBS KIDS This November |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20140514005941/en/New-Live-Action-Series-ODD-SQUAD-to-Premiere-on-PBS-KIDS-This-November |website=www.businesswire.com |access-date=2 February 2024 |location=San Francisco, CA |language=en |date=14 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Eakin |first1=Marah |title='Odd Squad' abroad: Hit PBS Kids series expands to UK |url=https://current.org/2023/11/odd-squad-abroad-hit-pbs-kids-series-expands-to-uk/ |website=Current |access-date=2 February 2024 |date=13 November 2023 |quote=...the next season of "Odd Squad," debuting on PBS in late 2024.}}</ref><ref name="odduk">{{cite web|url=https://issuu.com/brunico-issuu/docs/kidscreen_octobernovember23|title=Sinking Ship Entertainment print ad (pages 4-7)|magazine=Kidscreen (October/November 2023)|date=October 10, 2023 }}</ref> |- |''[[Nature Cat]]''<sup>1</sup> |November 25, 2015 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|Reruns |<ref name=Cast>{{cite web|title=New PBS Kids Series Nature Cat Will Premiere November 25, 2015|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/new-pbs-kids-series-nature-cat-will-premiere-november-25-2015/|publisher=Public Broadcasting Service|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923090336/http://www.pbs.org/about/news/archive/2015/nature-cat-premiere/|archive-date=September 23, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |''[[Ready Jet Go!]]''<sup>1</sup> |February 15, 2016 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|Reruns |{{refn|group=note|name=end2023|National runs on PBS ended on February 3, 2023. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[Pinkalicious & Peterrific]]''<sup>1</sup> |February 19, 2018 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[Pinkalicious_&_Peterrific#Season_7_(2025)|7]] |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dandelionmoms.com/2017/05/pinkalicious-peterrific-is-coming-to-pbs-kids-next-february/ |title=Pinkalicious & Peterrific is coming to PBS Kids next February! |publisher=Dandelionmoms.com |date=May 18, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017}}</ref> |- |''[[Let's Go Luna!]]''<sup>1</sup> |November 21, 2018 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|Reruns |{{refn|group=note|name=end2024b|National runs on PBS ended on February 4, 2024. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}}<ref name=AM>{{cite web|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/pbs-kids-gets-refreshed-ruff-ruffman-joe-murrays-luna-around-the-world/|title=PBS KIDS Gets Refreshed 'Ruff Ruffman,' Joe Murray's 'Luna Around the World'|author=Mercedes Milligan|work=[[Animation Magazine]]|date=July 31, 2017|access-date=July 23, 2018}}</ref> |- |''[[Molly of Denali]]''<sup>1</sup> |July 15, 2019 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[Molly_of_Denali#Season_4_(2024)|4]] |<ref name=playback>[http://playbackonline.ca/2018/05/09/pbs-kids-orders-first-alaskan-native-series/ "PBS Kids orders animated series from Atomic Cartoons"]. ''[[Playback (magazine)|Playback]]'', May 9, 2018.</ref> |- |''[[Xavier Riddle and the Secret Museum]]''<sup>1</sup> |November 11, 2019 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[Xavier_Riddle_and_the_Secret_Museum#Season_2_(2024)|2]] |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-announces-new-series-xavier-riddle-and-the-secret-museum-premiering-november-11-2019/|title=PBS KIDS Announces New Series XAVIER RIDDLE AND THE SECRET MUSEUM, Premiering November 11, 2019 |publisher=[[PBS]]|access-date=February 1, 2019}}</ref> |- |''[[Clifford the Big Red Dog (2019 TV series)|Clifford the Big Red Dog]]'' (2019) |December 7, 2019 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|Reruns |{{refn|group=note|name=end2022|National runs on PBS ended on September 30, 2022. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}}<ref name=Milligan_June2019>{{cite web |date=June 4, 2019 |first=Mercedes |last=Milligan |title=Scholastic's New 'Clifford the Big Red Dog' Launches in December |website=Animation Magazine |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/scholastics-new-clifford-the-big-red-dog-launches-in-december/ }}</ref> |- |''[[Hero Elementary]]''<sup>1</sup> |June 1, 2020 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|Reruns |{{refn|group=note|name=end2023c|National runs on PBS ended on February 2, 2024. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-announces-new-series-hero-elementary-premiering-summer-2020/|title=PBS KIDS Announces New Series HERO ELEMENTARY, Premiering Summer 2020 {{!}} PBS About|website=PBS KIDS Announces New Series HERO ELEMENTARY, Premiering Summer 2020 {{!}} PBS About|access-date=2019-12-05}}</ref> |- |''[[Elinor Wonders Why]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 7, 2020 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[Elinor_Wonders_Why#Episodes|2]] | |- |''[[Donkey Hodie (TV series)|Donkey Hodie]]''<sup>1</sup> |May 3, 2021 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[List_of_Donkey_Hodie_episodes#Season_2_(2023–)|2]] | |- |''[[Alma's Way]]''<sup>1</sup> |October 4, 2021 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[List_of_Alma's_Way_episodes#Season_2_(2023–)|2]] |<ref name="almasway">{{cite press release|title=New PBS Kids Series Alma's Way Premieres October 4|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/new-pbs-kids-series-almas-way-premieres-october-4/|publisher=[[PBS]]|date=August 10, 2021}}</ref> |- |''[[Rosie's Rules]]''<sup>1</sup> |October 3, 2022 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[Rosie%27s_Rules#Episodes|Reruns]] |<ref>{{Cite web |title=PBS KIDS to Introduce New Series, ROSIE'S RULES, Premiering Fall 2022 |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-to-introduce-new-series-rosies-rules-premiering-fall-2022/ |website=[[PBS]]}}</ref> |- |''[[Work It Out Wombats!]]''<sup>1</sup> |February 6, 2023 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[Work_It_Out_Wombats!#Episodes|2]] |<ref name="wombats">{{cite press release|title=PBS KIDS Announces New Series, WORK IT OUT WOMBATS! Debuting Winter 2023|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-announces-new-series-work-it-out-wombats-debuting-winter-2023/|website=[[PBS]]}}</ref> |- |''[[Lyla in the Loop]]''<sup>1</sup> |February 5, 2024 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[Lyla_in_the_Loop#Episodes|1]] |<ref name="lyla">{{cite press release|title=New PBS KIDS Series, LYLA IN THE LOOP, Launches February 5, 2024|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/new-pbs-kids-series-lyla-in-the-loop-launches-february-5-2024/|website=[[PBS]]}}</ref> |- |''[[Milo (TV series)|Milo]]''<sup>1</sup> |October 1, 2024 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[Milo_(TV_series)#Episodes|1]] |{{refn|group=note|name=PK|Exclusive to PBS Kids 24/7.}}{{refn|group=note|name=milostreaming|''Milo'' was first available on PBS Kids streaming platforms and Amazon Prime Video starting on May 13, 2024.}}<ref name="may2024"/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Nordyke |first1=Kimberly |title=PBS Kids Sets Spring Slate With New Series 'Tiny Time Travel' and 'Milo,' Movies Based on 'Wild Kratts' and 'Nature Cat' (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/pbs-kids-tiny-time-travel-milo-wild-kratts-nature-cat-1235831431/ |website=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=25 February 2024 |date=21 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=EPISODES OF 'MILO' AVAILABLE IN THE UNITED STATES THIS FALL VIA PBS KIDS {{!}} DeAPlaneta Kids&Families |url=https://www.deaplanetakidsandfamily.com/en/episodes-milo-available-united-states-fall-pbs-kids |website=www.deaplanetakidsandfamily.com |access-date=1 October 2024 |date=26 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Milo Will Be Available on the PBS Kids Channel in the US, Starting October 1 |url=https://www.todotvnews.com/en/milo-will-be-available-on-the-pbs-kids-channel-in-the-us-starting-october-1/ |website=TTV News |access-date=1 October 2024 |date=26 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Milo' to be available on PBS Kids channel in USA |url=https://www.animationxpress.com/animation/kids-animated-series-milo-to-be-available-on-pbs-kids-channel-in-usa/ |website=www.animationxpress.com |access-date=1 October 2024 |date=26 September 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Carl the Collector]]''<sup>1</sup> |November 14, 2024 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[List_of_Carl_the_Collector_episodes#Season_1_(2024)|1]] |<ref>{{cite web |title=CARL THE COLLECTOR, PBS KIDS' First Series Centering on an Autistic Main Character, Premieres Nov 14 |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/carl-the-collector-pbs-kids-first-series-centering-on-an-autistic-main-character-premieres-nov-14/ |website=About PBS - Main |access-date=16 July 2024 |location=Pasadena, CA |language=en |date=15 July 2024}}</ref><ref name="carl">{{cite web |last1=White |first1=Abbey |title='Carl the Collector,' PBS Kids' First Series Led by an Autistic Character, to Premiere in Fall 2024 (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/carl-the-collector-pbs-kids-2024-premiere-1235641724/ |website=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=10 November 2023 |date=9 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Amatangelo |first1=Amy |title='Carl the Collector,' a new animated PBS series, features characters with autism |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/tv/story/2024-11-14/carl-the-collector-autism-pbs-kids |website=Los Angeles Times |access-date=14 November 2024 |date=14 November 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Skillsville]]''<sup>1</sup> |March 3, 2025 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|Reruns |<ref name="skillsville">{{cite web |title=Skillsville |url=https://pw.myersinfosys.com/wosu/airlist/34.4/958442/detail |website=pw.myersinfosys.com |access-date=9 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250109230119/https://pw.myersinfosys.com/wosu/airlist/34.4/958442/detail |archive-date=9 January 2025 |date=9 January 2025}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{cite web|title=Department of Education Funds TPT's New Project 'Mashopolis'|url=https://www.tpt.org/post/department-education-funds-tpts-new-project-mashopolis/|publisher=[[Twin Cities Public Television]]|date=September 30, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Skillsville |url=https://sphere-media.com/en/animations/skillsville/ |website=Sphere Media Productions |access-date=1 October 2023}}</ref> |} ====Local reruns==== The following programs are currently airing on select local PBS stations only. They are no longer distributed nationally, though are still available for local stations to air independently. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !National run end date !Source(s) |- |''[[Clifford the Big Red Dog (2000 TV series)|Clifford the Big Red Dog]]'' (2000) |September 4, 2000 |October 2, 2022 |{{refn|group=note|name=clifford|National runs ended on May 30, 2014 (PBS) and October 2, 2022 (PBS Kids 24/7). Reruns continue on select local PBS stations only.}} |- |''[[The Berenstain Bears (2002 TV series)|The Berenstain Bears]]''<sup>1</sup> |January 6, 2003 |February 1, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=bb|National runs ended on February 1, 2009 (PBS) and September 26, 2005 (PBS Kids 24/7). Reruns continue on select local PBS stations only.}}<ref name="bbslm">{{cite press release|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-berenstain-bearsr-bring-40-years-of-literary-history-to-pbs-kids-with-premiere-of-15-minute-animated-tv-series-76827102.html|title=The Berenstain Bears(R) Bring 40 Years of Literary History to 'PBS KIDS' With Premiere of 15-Minute Animated TV Series|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822181921/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-berenstain-bearsr-bring-40-years-of-literary-history-to-pbs-kids-with-premiere-of-15-minute-animated-tv-series-76827102.html|access-date=January 22, 2021|archive-date=2017-08-22}}</ref> |- |''[[Maya & Miguel]]'' |October 11, 2004 |December 31, 2010 |{{refn|group=note|name=maya|National runs ended on December 31, 2010. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations only.}} |- |''[[Martha Speaks (TV series)|Martha Speaks]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 1, 2008 |October 2, 2022 |{{refn|group=note|name=martha|National runs ended on December 29, 2017 (PBS) and October 2, 2022 (PBS Kids 24/7). Reruns continue on select local PBS stations only.}} |- |''[[SciGirls]]''<sup>1</sup> |February 11, 2010 |June 23, 2023 |{{refn|group=note|name=local|Broadcasts are exclusive to select local PBS stations.}} |- |} ===Programming from American Public Television=== The following programs are distributed by [[American Public Television]], not PBS itself. These programs are broadcast by select local PBS stations. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !Current season !Source(s) |- |''[[Biz Kid$]]'' |January 6, 2008 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|Reruns | |- |''Roey's Paintbox'' |February 4, 2015 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|Reruns | |- |''Kid Stew'' |May 1, 2018 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|Reruns | |- |''Albie's Elevator'' |rowspan=2|September 4, 2023 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|1 |<ref name="whyy2023">{{cite web |last1=Rudnesky |first1=Franki |title=WHYY debuts two new children's TV shows made in Philadelphia |url=https://www.phillyvoice.com/whyy-childrens-tv-shows-philadelphia-albies-elevator-infinite-art-hunt/ |website=PhillyVoice |publisher=WWB Holdings, LLC |access-date=25 June 2023 |date=14 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ALBIE'S ELEVATOR American Public Television |url=https://www.aptonline.org/catalog/ALBIE-S-ELEVATOR |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=25 June 2023}}</ref> |- |''The Infinite Art Hunt'' |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|1 |<ref name="whyy2023"/><ref>{{cite web |title=THE INFINITE ART HUNT American Public Television |url=https://www.aptonline.org/catalog/INFINITE-ART-HUNT-THE |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=25 June 2023}}</ref> |- |''Mia & Codie'' |January 2, 2025 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|1 |<ref>{{cite web |title=MIA & CODIE American Public Television |url=https://aptonline.org/catalog/MIA-CODIE |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=14 November 2024}}</ref> |- |''Vegesaurs'' |April 1, 2025 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|1 |<ref name="vegesaurs">{{cite web |title=Vegesaurs |url=https://www.aptonline.org/catalog/VEGESAURS |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=2 February 2025}}</ref> |} ===Programming from NETA=== The following programs are distributed by National Educational Telecommunications Association, not PBS itself. These programs are broadcast by select local PBS stations. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !Current season !Source(s) |- |''[[Curious Crew]]'' |2017 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|10 | |- |''Into the Outdoors'' |June 3, 2020 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|4 | |- |''Let's Learn'' |December 14, 2020 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|4 | |- |''DIY Science Time'' |May 31, 2021 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|3 | |- |''Camp TV'' |June 16, 2021 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|Reruns | |- |''The Reading League's Reading Buddies'' |2022 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|3 | |- |''Wimee's Words'' |April 1, 2022 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|2 | |- |''Wordsville'' |January 10, 2025 |scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|1 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Wordsville |url=https://www.netaonline.org/episode/wordsville |publisher=NETA |access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref> |} ===Interstitial programming=== The following interstitials run for a minute and are usually shown at the start or end of a traditional, full-form program. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''PBS Kids Rocks!'' |September 6, 2010 |{{refn|group=note|Originally known as ''DJ Hooper'' until 2015.}} |- |''You Can Be Anything!'' |2016 | |- |''You, Me, and Community'' |rowspan=2|October 1, 2017 |<ref>{{cite web |title=You, Me & Community |url=https://www.globalmechanic.com/news/view/you-me-and-community |publisher=Global Mechanic |access-date=20 March 2023}}</ref> |- |''The Really Really Awesome Activity Challenge'' | |- |''Get Moving!'' |August 3, 2020 | |} ===Short-form programming=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''Oh Noah!'' |September 17, 2012 |{{refn|group=note|Originally known as ''Noah Comprende''.}}<ref name="2011web">{{cite web |title=PBS Launches New Spanish Language and Music Web Series on PBSKIDSGO.ORG |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-launches-new-spanish-language-and-music-web-series-on-pbskidsgoorg/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=15 March 2023 |date=11 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Dean |first1=Anthony |title=Minorities in cartoons: "Oh Noah!" |url=https://www.diversetechgeek.com/minorities-cartoons-oh-noah/ |website=Diverse Tech Geek |access-date=4 May 2024 |date=17 October 2013}}</ref> |- |''[[Elinor Wonders Why]]'s [[Jorge Cham|That's So Interesting!]]''<sup>1</sup> |May 3, 2021 | |- |''[[Fred Rogers Productions|Through the Woods]]''<sup>1</sup> |June 4, 2021 | |- |''Jelly, Ben and Pogo'' |October 4, 2021 |<ref name="almasway" /> |- |''[[Molly of Denali]]: The Big Gathering''<sup>1</sup> |November 1, 2022 | |- |''[[City Island (TV series)|City Island]]''<sup>1</sup> |December 26, 2022 |<ref name="cityisland">{{cite press release|title=CITY ISLAND Shorts to Premiere on PBS KIDS, December 26, 2022|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/city-island-shorts-to-premiere-on-pbs-kids-december-26-2022/|website=[[PBS]]}}</ref> |- |''What Can You Become?'' |March 3, 2023 | |- |''[[Super_Why!#Spin-off_series|Super Why's Comic Book Adventures]]''<sup>1</sup> |October 18, 2023 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Y-E-S, yes, the new 'Super Why!' musical shorts will premiere on PBS Kids Oct. 18 |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/tv/story/2023-09-20/super-why-comic-book-adventures-pbs-kids-premiere-date |website=Los Angeles Times |access-date=18 October 2023 |date=20 September 2023}}</ref> |- |''[[Sesame Workshop|Together We Can]]'' |July 3, 2024 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stalcup |first1=Jamie |title=PBS KIDS Slates New Civics-Themed Content |url=https://worldscreen.com/tvkids/pbs-kids-slates-new-civics-themed-content/ |website=TVKIDS |access-date=4 July 2024 |date=27 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Reif |first1=Alex |title=PBS KIDS Launches Civics Music Video Series from Sesame Workshop – "Together We Can" |url=https://www.laughingplace.com/w/entertainment/pbs-kids-launches-civics-music-video-series-from-sesame-workshop-together-we-can/ |website=LaughingPlace.com |access-date=4 July 2024 |date=3 July 2024}}</ref> |} ===Blocks=== {| class="wikitable" sortable !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |PBS Kids Family Night |April 21, 2017 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=PBS Will Launch Family Night on New PBS Kids Channel |url=https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/pbs-kids-family-night-live-streaming-daniel-tiger-1201960775/ |access-date=December 10, 2022 |website=variety.com |date=January 15, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210161650/https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/pbs-kids-family-night-live-streaming-daniel-tiger-1201960775/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Elliott |first1=Belinda |title=WHRO - Don't Miss PBS Kids Family Night Every Saturday & Sunday |url=https://whro.org/kids-family/44938-pbs-kids-family-nights |website=whro.org |access-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214143451/https://whro.org/kids-family/44938-pbs-kids-family-nights |archive-date=14 February 2024 |date=12 February 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PBS Kids Family Nights - AZPM |url=https://www.azpm.org/s/46584-pbs-kids-family-nights/ |access-date=July 16, 2022 |website=www.azpm.org |language=en |archive-date=May 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527020411/https://www.azpm.org/s/46584-pbs-kids-family-nights/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |} ==Upcoming programming== ===Original programming=== {|class=wikitable sortable !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''Weather Hunters'' |September 8, 2025 |<ref name="roker">{{cite press release|title=WEATHER HUNTERS, New STEM Series Created by & Starring Al Roker, Launches on PBS KIDS, July 7, 2025|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/weather-hunters-new-animated-series-created-by-and-starring-al-roker-launches-on-pbs-kids-july-7/|website=[[PBS]] |access-date=22 January 2025 |date=22 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Weather Hunters Prescreening: Summer Shared Stories Series |url=https://www.pbsutah.org/blogs/events/weather-hunters-prescreening-summer-shared-stories-series/ |website=PBS Utah |access-date=18 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref> |- |''Phoebe & Jay'' |Fall 2025 |<ref name="phoebeandjay">{{cite press release|title=PBS KIDS Announces Newest Animated Series, PHOEBE & JAY, Premiering Fall 2025|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-announces-newest-animated-series-phoebe-jay-premiering-fall-2025/|website=[[PBS]] |access-date=22 January 2025 |date=22 January 2025}}</ref><ref name="2025new">{{cite web |last1=Shanfeld |first1=Ethan |title=Sheryl Lee Ralph, Holly Robinson Peete and LeVar Burton Join Al Roker's 'Weather Hunters' Animated Series (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/al-roker-weather-hunters-sheryl-lee-ralph-levar-burton-1236280394/ |website=Variety |access-date=22 January 2025 |date=22 January 2025}}</ref> |- |''The Day You Begin'' |TBA |<ref name="tdyb">{{cite web |last1=Whittock |first1=Jesse |title=PBS Kids Orders TV Adaptation Of Jacqueline Woodson's 'The Day You Begin' |url=https://deadline.com/2024/10/pbs-kids-the-day-you-begin-jacqueline-woodson-1236109102/ |website=Deadline |access-date=24 February 2025 |date=8 October 2024}}</ref> |} ===Acquired programming=== {|class=wikitable sortable !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''Piripenguins'' |TBA |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Milligan |first1=Mercedes |title=PBS Distribution Picks Up 'Piripenguins' for NorAm |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2024/10/pbs-distribution-picks-up-piripenguins-for-noram/ |website=Animation Magazine |access-date=9 June 2025 |date=14 October 2024}}</ref> |} ==Former programming== * <sup>1</sup> Co-distributed by [[Amazon Prime Video]], the official streaming partner for PBS Kids programming.<ref name="pbs.org"/> * <sup>2</sup> Co-distributed by [[Roku]] on the PBS Retro streaming channel. ===PTV=== ''For a list of earlier children’s programming on PBS, prior to the PTV block (such as [[Zoom (1972 TV series)|Zoom]] or [[3-2-1 Contact]]), see [[List of programs broadcast by PBS#Former programming|List of programs broadcast by PBS]].'' ====Original programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Square One Television]]'' |January 26, 1987 |October 7, 1994 | |- |''[[Shining Time Station]]'' |January 29, 1989 |June 11, 1998 | |- |''[[Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? (game show)|Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego?]]'' |September 30, 1991 |October 4, 1996 | |- |''[[Lamb Chop's Play-Along]]'' |January 13, 1992 |August 29, 1997 | |- |''[[Ghostwriter (1992 TV series)|Ghostwriter]]'' |October 4, 1992 |September 5, 1999 | |- |''[[Kino's Storytime|Storytime]]'' |October 11, 1992 |1999 |{{refn|group=note|name=storytime|National run began on June 6, 1994.}} |- |''[[The Magic School Bus (TV series)|The Magic School Bus]]'' |September 10, 1994 |September 25, 1998 | |- |''[[Bill Nye the Science Guy]]'' |October 10, 1994 |September 3, 1999 | |- |''[[Where in Time Is Carmen Sandiego? (game show)|Where in Time is Carmen Sandiego?]]'' |October 7, 1996 |September 25, 1998 | |- |''[[The Charlie Horse Music Pizza]]'' |January 5, 1998 |September 3, 1999 | |} ====Programming from [[American Program Service]]==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Pappyland]]'' |May 25, 1993 |September 3, 1999 | |- |''[[Kidsongs]]'' |April 4, 1994 |October 24, 1998 | |- |''[[The Adventures of Dudley the Dragon]]'' |September 18, 1994 |September 5, 1999 | |- |''Preschool Power'' |1995 |1998 | |- |''[[The Swamp Critters of Lost Lagoon]]'' |November 4, 1995 |December 27, 1997 | |- |''[[Bloopy's Buddies]]'' |January 6, 1996 |1998 | |- |''[[The Reppies]]'' |September 28, 1996 |November 2, 1996 | |- |''[[Groundling Marsh]]'' |1997 |1999 | |} ====Acquired programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Katie and Orbie]]'' |October 9, 1995 |November 6, 1997 | |- |''[[Salty's Lighthouse]]'' |December 6, 1997 |1998 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/248335953/ |title=28 Dec 1997, Page 116 - Tallahassee Democrat at |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1997-12-28 |access-date=2022-06-05}}</ref> |} ====Blocks==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Block title !Launch date !End date !Source(s) |- |The Game |October 7, 1996 |September 6, 1999 | |} ===PBS Kids=== ====Original programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Reading Rainbow]]''<sup>1</sup> <sup>2</sup> |July 11, 1983 |August 28, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=pbsretro}} <ref>{{cite web |author1=John J. O'Connor |title=TV:'READING RAINBOW,' NEW SERIES |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/07/11/books/tv-reading-rainbow-new-series.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=15 March 2023 |date=11 July 1983}}</ref><ref name="wned">{{cite web |title=Celebrating 60 Years: WNED PBS Marks its 60th Anniversary |url=https://www.wned.org/celebrating-60-years/ |website=Buffalo Toronto Public Media |access-date=21 January 2024 |language=en |date=30 March 2019 |quote=July 11, 1983 was the birth of one of WNED PBS’s most decorated series, “Reading Rainbow”.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=READING RAINBOW |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/reading-rainbow-august-28-2009/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=15 March 2023 |date=28 August 2009}}</ref> |- |''[[Barney & Friends]]'' |April 6, 1992 |November 14, 2015 |{{refn|group=note|name=end1992a|Reruns continued through August 31, 2016 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[The Puzzle Place]]'' |January 16, 1995 |March 31, 2000 | |- |''[[Plaza Sesamo]]'' |April 3, 1995 |January 4, 2010 |{{refn|group=note|name=plaza|Broadcasts were exclusive to select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Wishbone (TV series)|Wishbone]]'' |October 9, 1995 |August 31, 2014 |{{refn|group=note|name=end1995a|First run ended September 2, 2001. Reruns resumed approximately 2006 through August 31, 2014 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Kratts' Creatures]]''<sup>1</sup> <sup>2</sup> |June 3, 1996 |June 9, 2000 |{{refn|group=note|name=pbsretro}} |- |''[[Adventures from the Book of Virtues]]'' |September 2, 1996 |September 26, 2005 | |- |''[[Tots TV]]'' |October 7, 1996 |rowspan=2|September 1, 2002 | |- |''[[Theodore Tugboat]]'' |October 20, 1996 | |- |''[[Wimzie's House]]'' |September 1, 1997 |September 2, 2001 | |- |''[[Teletubbies]]'' |April 6, 1998 |August 29, 2008 | |- |''[[Noddy (TV series)|Noddy]]'' |August 31, 1998 |September 1, 2002 |{{refn|group=note|name=noddy|National runs on PBS Kids 24/7 ended June 10, 2001.}} |- |''[[Zoom (1999 TV series)|Zoom]]'' |January 4, 1999 |September 2, 2007 | |- |''[[Zoboomafoo]]''<sup>1</sup> <sup>2</sup> |January 25, 1999 |February 1, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end1999b|Reruns continued through December 23, 2017 on select local PBS stations.}}{{refn|group=note|name=pbsretro}} |- |''[[Dragon Tales]]'' |September 6, 1999 |August 31, 2010 | |- |''[[Between the Lions]]'' |April 3, 2000 |August 31, 2011 | |- |''[[Caillou]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 4, 2000 |December 27, 2020 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2000b|National runs ended on November 13, 2015 (PBS) and December 27, 2020 (PBS Kids 24/7). Reruns continued through December 31, 2020 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Corduroy (TV series)|Corduroy]]'' |rowspan=6|September 30, 2000 |rowspan=2|October 28, 2001 | |- |''[[Elliot Moose (TV series)|Elliot Moose]]'' | |- |''[[Timothy Goes to School]]'' |September 5, 2004 | |- |''[[Seven Little Monsters (TV series)|Seven Little Monsters]]'' |September 15, 2003 |{{refn|group=note|name=monsters|''Seven Little Monsters'' was part of the [[PBS Kids Bookworm Bunch|Bookworm Bunch]] block from September 30, 2000 through September 5, 2004; meanwhile, it was aired in the same half-hour timeslot alongside ''[[The Berenstain Bears (2002 TV series)|The Berenstain Bears]]'' from January 6 through September 12, 2003.}} <ref name="bbslm"/> |- |''[[George Shrinks]]'' |September 2, 2007 |{{refn|group=note|name=shrinks|''George Shrinks'' was part of the [[PBS Kids Bookworm Bunch|Bookworm Bunch]] block from September 30, 2000 through September 5, 2004; meanwhile, it was aired in its own half-hour timeslot from January 6, 2003 through September 2, 2007. Reruns continued through August 2008 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Marvin the Tap-Dancing Horse]]'' |September 5, 2004 | |- |''[[Jay Jay the Jet Plane]]'' |June 11, 2001 |May 31, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=jayjay|Reruns continued through June 26, 2009 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Anne of Green Gables: The Animated Series]]'' |September 2, 2001 |September 30, 2015 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2001a|''Anne of Green Gables: The Animated Series'' aired from September 2, 2001 through October 10, 2004 (PBS Kids 24/7) and through September 4, 2005 (PBS); later reruns were distributed to local PBS stations by [[American Public Television]] from April 5, 2010 through September 30, 2015.}} |- |''[[Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat]]'' |September 3, 2001 |February 1, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2001b|Reruns continued through August 30, 2009 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[DragonflyTV]]'' |January 19, 2002 |September 6, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2002a|Reruns continued through May 29, 2019 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Angelina Ballerina (TV series)|Angelina Ballerina]]'' |June 1, 2002 |August 29, 2015 | |- |''[[Liberty's Kids]]'' |September 2, 2002 |October 10, 2004 | |- |''[[Clifford's Puppy Days]]'' |September 1, 2003 |April 23, 2022 |{{refn|group=note|name=puppy|National runs ended on September 2, 2007 (PBS) with specials airing periodically through February 14, 2014 (PBS) and April 23, 2022 (PBS Kids 24/7).}} <ref>{{cite web |title=Award-Winning PBS KIDS® Launches New Programming This Fall 2003 |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/award-winning-pbs-kids-launches-new-programming-this-fall-2003-july-12-2003/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=13 March 2023 |date=12 July 2003}}</ref> |- |''[[Jakers! The Adventures of Piggley Winks]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 7, 2003 |rowspan=2 | August 31, 2008 | |- |''[[Boohbah]]'' |January 19, 2004 | |- |''[[Thomas & Friends]]''<sup>2</sup> |September 5, 2004 |December 31, 2017 |{{refn|group=note|name=pbsretro}} |- |''[[Postcards from Buster]]''<sup>1</sup> |October 11, 2004 |February 24, 2012 | |- |''[[Bob the Builder]]'' |January 1, 2005 |November 6, 2015 |{{refn|group=note|name=bob|After originally debuting on [[Nick Jr.]] in the United States on January 15, 2001, ''Bob the Builder'' was broadcast on PBS Kids from January 1, 2005 through November 6, 2015, when the series was replaced by the [[Bob the Builder (2015 TV series)|2015 reboot series]].}} <ref>{{cite web |last1=Everhart |first1=Karen |title=PBS, producers, Comcast wed to create digital kids' channel |url=https://current.org/2004/11/pbs-producers-comcast-wed-to-create-digital-kids-channel/ |website=Current |access-date=21 January 2024 |date=1 November 2004}}</ref><ref name="bobl">{{cite web |title=Watch Bob the Builder KLRU TV Schedule KLRU-TV, Austin PBS |url=http://www.klru.org/program/bob-the-builder/ |website=www.klru.org |access-date=21 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104015431/http://www.klru.org/program/bob-the-builder/ |archive-date=4 November 2015 |date=4 November 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''Toopy and Binoo'' |January 3, 2005 |December 29, 2006 | |- |''[[Make Way for Noddy]]'' |July 2, 2005 |September 6, 2009 | |- |''[[It's a Big Big World]]''<sup>1</sup> |January 2, 2006 |April 30, 2010 | |- |''[[Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman]]''<sup>1</sup> |May 29, 2006 |November 20, 2018 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2006d|First run ended September 2, 2012, with reruns continuing through August 31, 2014 on select local PBS stations. Reruns resumed January 16, 2017 through November 20, 2018 exclusively on PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[Franny's Feet]]'' |July 8, 2006 |September 6, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2006a|Reruns continued through November 25, 2012 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Design Squad]]''<sup>1</sup> |February 28, 2007 |March 20, 2011 | |- |''[[Peep and the Big Wide World]]''<sup>1</sup> |April 1, 2007 |December 26, 2021 |{{refn|group=note|name=peep|After originally debuting on [[Discovery Kids]] and [[TLC (TV network)|TLC]] on April 10, 2004, ''Peep and the Big Wide World'' was distributed to local PBS stations by [[American Public Television]] from April 1, 2007 through January 3, 2018; later reruns aired on PBS Kids 24/7 from January 1, 2018 through December 26, 2021.}} <ref>{{cite web |title=PEEP FAQ |url=http://www.peepandthebigwideworld.com/about/faq.html |access-date=12 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070420080633/http://www.peepandthebigwideworld.com/about/faq.html |archive-date=20 April 2007}}</ref><ref name="peep">{{cite web |title=PEEP AND THE BIG WIDE WORLD - American Public Television |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/GenreLookup/41653873E38CD1A485257281007550C7 |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091106004954/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/GenreLookup/41653873E38CD1A485257281007550C7 |archive-date=6 November 2009}}</ref> |- |''[[WordWorld]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 3, 2007 |October 2, 2022 |{{refn|group=note|name=ww|Reruns continued through July 30, 2023 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Mama Mirabelle's Home Movies]]'' |September 8, 2007 |rowspan=2|September 6, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2007a|Reruns continued through January 2, 2011 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Animalia (TV series)|Animalia]]'' |January 5, 2008 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2007a}} |- |''[[Betsy's Kindergarten Adventures]]'' |January 13, 2008 |May 31, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2008b|Reruns continued through October 6, 2013 on select local PBS stations.}} <ref>{{cite web |title=Betsy's Kindergarten Adventures PBS KIDS |url=http://pbskids.org/betsy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080115082246/http://pbskids.org/betsy/ |archive-date=15 January 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[Sid the Science Kid]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 1, 2008 |June 25, 2023 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2018|National runs ended on November 18, 2018 (PBS) and June 25, 2023 (PBS Kids 24/7).}} |- |''[[Lomax, the Hound of Music]]'' |October 11, 2008 |December 29, 2008 |<ref>{{cite web |title=KWBU Program Guide October 2008 |url=https://www.baylor.edu/content/services/document.php/73593.pdf |publisher=Baylor University |access-date=13 March 2023 |page=2}}</ref> |- |''[[The Electric Company (2009 TV series)|The Electric Company]]'' (2009) |January 19, 2009 |August 31, 2014 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Back From the '70s, Without the Zaniness |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/19/arts/television/19elec.html |work=The New York Times |date=January 18, 2009 |access-date=13 March 2023 |last1=Genzlinger |first1=Neil }}</ref> |- |''[[Angelina Ballerina: The Next Steps]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 5, 2009 |November 14, 2015 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2009a|Reruns continued through January 31, 2016 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Bob the Builder (2015 TV series)|Bob the Builder]]'' (2015) |November 7, 2015 |November 20, 2018 |<ref name=bobl/><ref>{{cite web |title=Let's Go! Bob the Builder |url=https://www.ket.org/episode/BOBL%20%20000901/ |website=www.ket.org |access-date=21 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620030524/https://www.ket.org/episode/BOBL%20%20000901/ |archive-date=20 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=TV Schedules - AZPM |url=https://tv.azpm.org/schedules/kuatkids/2015/11/7/#8:30.a.m. |website=tv.azpm.org |access-date=21 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref> |- |''[[Splash and Bubbles]]''<sup>1</sup> |November 23, 2016 |October 2, 2022 |{{refn|group=note|name=splash|Reruns continued through November 27, 2022 on select local PBS stations.}} <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/pbs-kids-dates-premiere-for-hensons-splash-and-bubbles|title=PBS Kids Dates Premiere for Henson's 'Splash and Bubbles'|author=Mercedes Milligan|work=[[Animation Magazine]]|date=May 21, 2016|access-date=November 23, 2016}}</ref> |- |''[[Esme & Roy]]'' |August 30, 2019 |June 27, 2021 |{{refn|group=note|name=PK|Exclusive to PBS Kids 24/7.}} <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-03-13|title=Esme & Roy Now Airing Weekends on CPTV PBS Kids 24/7|url=https://cptv.org/esme-and-roy/}}</ref> |- |''[[The Not-Too-Late Show with Elmo]]''<sup>1</sup> |February 10, 2023 |May 10, 2024 |{{refn|gproup=note|name=PK|Exclusive to PBS Kids 24/7.}} <ref name="elmo1">{{cite web |title=PBS Kids {{!}} TV Schedules - AZPM |url=https://tv.azpm.org/schedules/kuatkids/2023/02/10/ |website=tv.azpm.org |access-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510223219/https://tv.azpm.org/schedules/kuatkids/2023/02/10/ |archive-date=10 May 2024}}</ref><ref name="elmo2">{{cite web |title=PBS Kids {{!}} TV Schedules - AZPM |url=https://tv.azpm.org/schedules/kuatkids/2024/05/10/ |website=tv.azpm.org |access-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510223020/https://tv.azpm.org/schedules/kuatkids/2024/05/10/ |archive-date=10 May 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Mecha Builders]]'' |May 13, 2024 |April 30, 2025 |{{refn|group=note|name=PK|Exclusive to PBS Kids 24/7.}} <ref name="may2024">{{cite web |title=PBS KIDS on Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/C6hQr0WsBlq |website=www.instagram.com |access-date=10 May 2024 |date=3 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mecha Builders |url=https://www.tpt.org/mecha-builders/ |website=Twin Cities PBS |access-date=24 April 2024 |language=en |date=23 April 2024}}</ref> |} ====Programming from American Public Television==== The following programs were distributed by [[American Public Television]], not PBS itself. These programs were broadcast by select local PBS stations. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[The Huggabug Club]]'' |January 2, 1995 |July 28, 2000 | |- |''[[The Big Comfy Couch]]'' |January 9, 1995 |May 24, 2009 | |- |''Someday School'' |1998 |May 31, 2001 | |- |''[[Adventures with Kanga Roddy]]'' |April 4, 1999 |March 4, 2001 | |- |''Wish*A*Roo Park'' |June 6, 1999 |June 5, 2001 | |- |''[[Hello Mrs. Cherrywinkle]]'' |July 12, 1999 |September 6, 2001 | |- |''[[The Dooley and Pals Show]]'' |April 3, 2000 |June 5, 2003 | |- |''Alef...Bet...Blast-Off!'' |September 3, 2000 |September 2, 2009 | |- |''[[Redwall (TV series)|Redwall]]'' |April 1, 2001 |2006 |<ref>{{cite web |author1=Karen Everhart Bedford |title="Redwall," not for littlest kids |url=https://current.org/wp-content/uploads/archive-site/ch/ch0106redwall.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625033633/https://current.org/wp-content/uploads/archive-site/ch/ch0106redwall.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 25, 2020 |website=current.org |access-date=7 January 2024 |date=26 March 2001 }}</ref> |- |''[[The Toy Castle]]'' |2002 |2005 | |- |''[[Real Wheels]]'' |2003 |2004 | |- |''[[The Shapies]]'' |2004 |2006 | |- |''[[My Bedbugs]]'' |March 1, 2004 |November 2, 2005 | |- |''Mustard Pancakes'' |2005 |2007 | |- |''[[Auto-B-Good]]'' |January 17, 2005 |December 23, 2005 | |- |''[[Ribert and Robert's Wonderworld]]'' |September 4, 2005 |2016 | |- |''[[The Zula Patrol]]'' |September 10, 2005 |2022 |- |''[[Danger Rangers]]'' |September 5, 2005 |December 26, 2006 | |- |''[[Signing Time!]]'' |January 1, 2006 |January 19, 2008 | |- |''[[Sheira & Loli's Dittydoodle Works]]'' |April 22, 2006 |February 22, 2009 | |- |''[[SeeMore's Playhouse]]'' |September 10, 2006 |January 15, 2008 | |- |''[[The Saddle Club]]'' |September 3, 2006 |September 6, 2012 |<ref>{{cite web |title=SADDLE CLUB, THE American Public Television |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/SADDLE+CLUB+THE |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=9 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911193536/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/SADDLE+CLUB+THE |archive-date=11 September 2012}}</ref> |- |''[[Raggs]]'' |February 4, 2008 |February 18, 2009 | |- |''[[Wunderkind Little Amadeus]]'' |September 7, 2008 |September 6, 2020 | |- |''[[Scientastic!]]'' |September 2, 2010 |2014 | |- |''[[Bali (TV series)|Bali]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 12, 2010 |2021 | |- |''Wild Animal Baby Explorers'' |October 3, 2010 |June 29, 2014 | |- |''[[Space Racers]]'' |May 2, 2014 |October 31, 2016 |{{refn|group=note|name=space|Premieres moved to [[Universal Kids]] in 2016.}} <ref>{{cite web |title='Space Racers' to Premiere on Public Television this Spring |access-date=July 14, 2014 |publisher=Animation Magazine |author=Ramin Zahed |date=October 25, 2013 |url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/space-racers-premiere-public-television-spring}}</ref> |- |''Thomas Edison's Secret Lab'' |September 7, 2015 |2019 | |- |''[[Bug Bites (2016 TV series)|Bug Bites]]'' |January 4, 2016 |2018 | |- |''Ruby's Studio'' |January 7, 2016 |2021 | |- |''[[Mack & Moxy]]'' |February 5, 2016 |February 16, 2020 | |- |''Blue Chip Kids'' |March 1, 2017 |2021 | |} ====Acquired programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Newton's Apple]]'' |October 15, 1983 |October 31, 1999 | |- |''[[Mark Kistler's Imagination Station]]'' |October 14, 1991 |July 10, 1998 |{{refn|group=note|name=kistler|Reboot series began airing in 2009.}} |- |''The Eddie Files'' |1995 |2000 | |- |''Ricky's Room'' |1999 |2000 | |- |''[[Mary Lou's Flip Flop Shop]]'' |August 25, 2002 |September 22, 2002 |{{refn|group=note|name=ffs|Reruns aired on the PBS HD Channel from 2004 to 2007.}} |- |''[[MythQuest]]'' |2002 |2004 | |- |''[[Curiosity Quest]]'' |July 16, 2004 |2021 |{{refn|group=note|name=NETA|Syndicated to public television stations by the National Educational Telecommunications Association.}} |- |''[[Nanalan']]'' |July 2006 |2013 |<ref>{{cite web |title=PBS Pressroom - NANALAN' |url=http://pressroom.pbs.org/programs/nanalan |access-date=16 January 2024 |date=6 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071106030906/http://pressroom.pbs.org/programs/nanalan |archive-date=November 6, 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=nineMagazine - July/August 2013 by Nine PBS - Issuu |url=https://issuu.com/nine_magazine/docs/ninemag_septoct2013 |website=issuu.com |access-date=16 January 2024 |language=en |date=27 August 2013}}</ref> |- |''[[Miffy and Friends]]'' |2007 |2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=WLIW|Syndicated to public television stations by WLIW.}} |- |''[[Shalom Sesame]]'' |October 5, 2010 |October 11, 2011 | |- |''Kids for Positive Change'' |July 1, 2021 |June 30, 2024 |{{refn|group=note|name=NETA}} |} ====Interstitial programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''Dash's Game of the Day'' |September 4, 2006 |May 16, 2008 | |- |''Dot's Story Factory'' |September 3, 2007 |October 4, 2013 | |- |''Dash's Secret Treasure'' |rowspan=2|May 19, 2008 |rowspan=3|July 18, 2022 | |- |''Music Time with [[Steve Roslonek|SteveSongs]]'' | |- |''Dash's Dance Party'' |rowspan=2|September 7, 2009 | |- |''Adventures with Hooper'' |September 3, 2010 | |- |''Coach Hooper'' |rowspan=3|September 6, 2010 |rowspan=3|2020 | |- |''PBS Kids Field Trip'' | |- |''Where in the World is Hooper?'' | |- |''PBS Kids Spotlight'' |January 15, 2016 |July 18, 2022 | |} ====Short-form programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[The Amazing Colossal Adventures of WordGirl]]'' |November 10, 2006 |October 10, 2007 |<ref>{{cite web |title=PBS Expands Vocabulary with Wordgirl |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2006/11/pbs-expands-vocabulary-with-wordgirl/ |publisher=Animation Magazine |access-date=15 March 2023 |date=8 November 2006}}</ref> |- |''[[Pocoyo]]'' |January 4, 2010 |December 26, 2021 |{{refn|group=note|name=pocoyo|''Pocoyo'' was distributed to local PBS stations by [[American Public Television]] from January 4, 2010 through January 3, 2018, and it was aired in the same half-hour timeslot alongside ''Peep and the Big Wide World''; later reruns aired on PBS Kids 24/7 from January 1, 2018 through December 26, 2021.}}<ref name="peep/pocoyo">{{cite web |title=PEEP AND THE BIG WIDE WORLD II/POCOYO {{!}} American Public Television |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/PEEP+AND+THE+BIG+WIDE+WORLD+II+POCOYO |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910074428/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/PEEP+AND+THE+BIG+WIDE+WORLD+II+POCOYO |archive-date=10 September 2015}}</ref> |} ====Blocks==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Block title !Launch date !End date !Source(s) |- |[[PBS Kids Bookworm Bunch]] |September 30, 2000 |September 5, 2004 | |- |[[PBS Kids Go!]] |October 11, 2004 |rowspan=2|October 7, 2013 | |- |PBS Kids Preschool Block |September 4, 2006 | |} ==Special programming== Programs with marked with an asterisk (*) have been featured on the Family Night weekend primetime block on PBS Kids 24/7. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Initial broadcast date !Source(s) |- |''[[Noddy (TV series)|Noddy: Anything Can Happen At Christmas]]'' |December 6, 1998 | |- |''[[Zoom (1999 TV series)|Party with Zoom]]'' |1999 | |- |''[[Arthur's Perfect Christmas]]''* |November 23, 2000 | |- |''[[Zoom (1999 TV series)|Zoom: America's Kids Respond]]'' |September 20, 2001 |<ref>{{cite web |title=PBS Children's Series Offers Kids Ideas for Coping with the Aftermath of the Attacks On America |website=[[PBS]] |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-childrens-series-offers-kids-ideas-for-coping-with-the-aftermath-of-the-attacks-on-america-september-20-2001/ |access-date=12 March 2023 }}</ref> |- |''[[Barney & Friends|Barney's Christmas Star]]'' | rowspan="2" |2002 | |- |''[[Elmo's World|Elmo's World: Happy Holidays!]]'' | |- |''[[List of Arthur episodes#Specials|Arthur, It's Only Rock 'n' Roll]]'' |September 1, 2002 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fiasco |first1=Lance |title=The Backstreet Boys To Make Their Animated 'Arthur' Debut |url=https://idobi.com/news/the-backstreet-boys-to-make-their-animated-arthur-debut/ |website=idobi |access-date=15 September 2024 |date=29 July 2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Idaho PTV Program Listing - September 2002 Schedule |url=http://www.idahoptv.org/what/channels/Sep02/Sep.html#1 |website=idahoptv.org |access-date=15 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020914044129/http://www.idahoptv.org/what/channels/Sep02/Sep.html#1 |archive-date=2002-09-14 |date=14 September 2002}}</ref> |- |[[Zoom (1999 TV series)|''Zoom: America's Kids Remember'']] |September 8, 2002 | |- |''[[Bob the Builder|Bob the Builder Snowed Under: The Bobblesberg Winter Games]]'' |December 17, 2005 | |- |''[[Arthur's Missing Pal]]'' |August 18, 2007 | |- |''[[Panwapa]]'' |2008 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Station Signals: WXXI Program Guide September 2008 |url=https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/30900371/september-2008-wxxi |website=yumpu.com |publisher=WXXI |access-date=5 July 2023 |page=19 |language=en |date=September 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=WBGU-PBS KIDS Shows |url=http://wbgu.org/kids/shows |publisher=WBGU |access-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724022723/http://wbgu.org/kids/shows |archive-date=24 July 2008}}</ref> |- |''[[Abby in Wonderland]]'' |November 28, 2008 | |- |''[[Curious George: A Very Monkey Christmas]]''* |November 25, 2009 |<ref name="cgxmas">{{cite web |title=MONKEY AROUND THE CHRISTMAS TREE THIS HOLIDAY SEASON! FIRST EVER CURIOUS GEORGE® HOLIDAY SPECIAL A VERY MONKEY CHRISTMAS PREMIERES NOVEMBER 25TH ON PBS KIDS® |url=http://streams.wgbh.org/online/pressroom/2009_10/CuriousGeorge_MonkeyChristmas.pdf |publisher=WGBH |access-date=14 March 2023 |date=27 October 2009}}</ref> |- |''[[Curious George (film)|Curious George]]'' |rowspan=2|November 23, 2011 | |- |''[[Curious George 2: Follow That Monkey!]]''* | |- |''[[List of WordGirl episodes#WordGirl%3 The Rise of Miss Power|WordGirl: The Rise of Miss Power]]''* |February 20, 2012 | |- |''[[The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!|The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About Christmas!]]''* |November 21, 2012 |<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wolfe|first1=Jennifer|title=PBS Kids Announces 'Cat in the Hat' Christmas Special |url=https://www.awn.com/news/pbs-kids-announces-cat-hat-christmas-special |publisher=Animation World Network |access-date=18 March 2023 |date=2 November 2012}}</ref> |- |''[[Clifford's Really Big Movie]]'' |December 14, 2012 |<ref>{{cite web |title='CLIFFORD'S REALLY BIG MOVIE" PREMIERS ON PBS KIDS |url=http://mediaroom.scholastic.com/press-release/cliffords-really-big-movie-premiers-pbs-kids |publisher=Scholastic |access-date=18 March 2023 |date=19 November 2012}}</ref> |- |''[[Sid the Science Kid#Sid the Science Kid: The Movie (2013)|Sid the Science Kid: The Movie]]''* |March 25, 2013 | |- |''[[List of Curious George episodes#Specials|Curious George Swings Into Spring]]''* |April 22, 2013 | |- |''[[List of Curious George episodes#Specials|Curious George: A Halloween Boo Fest]]''* |October 28, 2013 | |- |''[[Elmo's Christmas Countdown]]'' |November 27, 2013 | |- |''[[List of Cyberchase episodes#Season 9 (2013–14)|The Cyberchase Movie]]'' |April 15, 2014 | |- |''[[The Cookie Thief]]''* |February 16, 2015 |<ref>{{cite web|last1=Steinberg|first1=Brian|title=Cookie Monster Gets First Special on PBS' Kids Lineup| date=January 19, 2015 |url=https://variety.com/2015/tv/news/cookie-monster-gets-first-special-on-pbs-kids-lineup-1201408785/|publisher=Variety|access-date=October 17, 2015}}</ref> |- |''[[Curious George 3: Back to the Jungle]]''* |August 17, 2015 | |- |''[[List of Wild Kratts episodes#Season 4 (2015–17)|Wild Kratts: A Creature Christmas]]''* |November 25, 2015 | |- |''[[The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!|The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About Camping!]]''* |July 25, 2016 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Dr. Seuss on Facebook |website=[[Facebook]] |url=https://www.facebook.com/Dr.Seuss/posts/calling-all-campers-join-the-cat-in-the-hat-on-a-fun-and-frenzied-outdoor-advent/10155167750907195/ |access-date=18 March 2023 |date=25 July 2016}}</ref> |- |''[[List of Odd Squad episodes#Odd Squad: The Movie (2016)|Odd Squad: The Movie]]''* |August 1, 2016 | |- |''[[The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!|The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About Halloween!]]''* |October 28, 2016 |<ref>{{cite web|last1=Milligan|first1=Mercedes|title=PBS KIDS Gets Animated for Halloween |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2016/10/pbs-kids-gets-animated-for-halloween/ |publisher=Animation Magazine |access-date=18 March 2023 |date=3 October 2016}}</ref> |- |''[[List of Wild Kratts episodes#Season 4 (2015–17)|Wild Kratts: Creatures of the Deep Sea]]''* |November 23, 2016 | |- |''[[The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!|The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About Space!]]''* |December 26, 2016 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Kids Newsletter December 2016 |url=https://www.myarkansaspbs.org/kids/newsletter/december2016 |publisher=[[Arkansas PBS|AETN]] |access-date=18 March 2023 |date=December 2016}}</ref> |- |''[[Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood|Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood: A Tiger Family Trip]]''* |May 8, 2017 | |- |''[[List of Ready Jet Go! episodes#Films|Ready Jet Go!: Back to Bortron 7]]''* |August 14, 2017 | |- |''[[List of Arthur episodes#Specials|Arthur: D.W. and the Beastly Birthday]]''* |May 29, 2017 | |- |''[[List of Wild Kratts episodes#Season 5 (2017–19)|Wild Kratts Alaska: Hero's Journey]]''* |July 24, 2017 | |- |''Wild Alaska Live''* |July 29, 2017 | |- |''[[List of Arthur episodes#Specials|Arthur and the Haunted Tree House]]''* |October 23, 2017 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Halloween Comes to PBS KIDS with New Programming, Games and Activities for the Entire Family |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/halloween-comes-to-pbs-kids-with-new-programming-games-and-activities-for-the-entire-family/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=18 March 2023 |date=28 September 2017}}</ref> |- |''[[Once Upon a Sesame Street Christmas]]''* |November 22, 2017 |<ref>{{cite web |title=CPTV Parents E-Newsletter |url=https://cptv.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/CPTV-Parents-E-Newsletter_November-2017_Thanksgiving-Edition.pdf |publisher=CPTV |access-date=14 March 2023 |date=1 November 2017}}</ref> |- |''[[The Gruffalo]]''* |rowspan=4|December 1, 2017 | |- |''[[The Gruffalo's Child]]''* | |- |''[[Stick Man]]''* | |- |''[[Room on the Broom]]''* | |- |''[[List of Odd Squad episodes#Odd Squad: World Turned Odd (2018)|Odd Squad: World Turned Odd]]''* |January 15, 2018 | |- |''[[List of Nature Cat episodes#Specials|Nature Cat: The Return of Bad Dog Bart]]''* |July 16, 2018 | |- |''[[Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood|The Daniel Tiger Movie: Won't You Be My Neighbor?]]''* |September 17, 2018 | |- |''[[Magic Light Pictures|The Highway Rat]]''* |December 7, 2018 | |- |''[[Let's Go Luna!#Special (2018)|Let's Go Luna!: Luna's Christmas Around the World]]''* |December 10, 2018 | |- |''[[List of Odd Squad episodes#Odd Squad: Odds and Ends (2019)|Odd Squad: Odds and Ends]]''* |January 21, 2019 | |- |''[[List of Sesame Street episodes#Specials|The Magical Wand Chase: A Sesame Street Special]]''* |March 25, 2019 | |- |''[[List of Cyberchase episodes#Season 12 (2019–20)|Cyberchase: Space Waste Odyssey]]''* |April 19, 2019 | |- |''[[List of Ready Jet Go! episodes#Films|Ready Jet Go!: One Small Step]]''* |June 17, 2019 | |- |''[[Pinkalicious & Peterrific#Specials|Pinkalicious and Peterrific: A Pinkaperfect Birthday]]''* |August 5, 2019 | |- |''[[List of Nature Cat episodes#Specials|Nature Cat: A Nature Carol]]''* |November 29, 2019 | |- |''[[List of Arthur episodes#Specials|Rhythm and Roots of Arthur]]''* |January 20, 2020 | |- |''[[List of Odd Squad episodes#Odd Squad: Odd Beginnings (2020)|Odd Squad: Odd Beginnings]]''* |February 17, 2020 | |- |''[[Xavier_Riddle_and_the_Secret_Museum#Xavier_Riddle_and_the_Secret_Movie:_I_Am_Madam_President|Xavier Riddle and the Secret Movie: I Am Madam President]]''* |March 16, 2020 | |- |''[[Sesame Street: Elmo's Playdate]]'' |April 14, 2020 |<ref name=playdate>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sesameworkshop.org/press-room/press-releases/primetime-special-sesame-street-elmos-playdate-offer-families-connection|title=Primetime Special 'Sesame Street: Elmo's Playdate' to Offer Families Connection in Challenging Times|date=2020-04-08|website=[[Sesame Workshop]]|language=en|access-date=2020-04-25}}</ref> |- |''[[List of Wild Kratts episodes#Season 6 (2019–2021)|Wild Kratts: Amazin' Amazon Adventure]]''* |April 20, 2020 | |- |''[[When You Wish Upon A Pickle: A Sesame Street Special]]''* |July 13, 2020 | |- |''[[Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood|Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood Won't You Sing Along with Me?]]''* |August 17, 2020 | |- |''PBS Kids Talk About: Race and Racism''* |October 9, 2020 | |- |''[[Sesame Street|The Power of We: A Sesame Street Special]]''* |October 15, 2020 |<ref name=powerofwe>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sesameworkshop.org/press-room/press-releases/power-we-sesame-street-special-debuts-thursday-october-15-help-children|title='The Power of We: A Sesame Street Special' Debuts on Thursday, October 15, To Help Children Stand Up To Racism|date=2020-10-08|website=[[Sesame Workshop]]|language=en|access-date=2023-03-14}}</ref> |- |''[[List of Arthur episodes#Specials|An Arthur Thanksgiving]]''* |November 16, 2020 | |- |''[[Pinkalicious & Peterrific#Specials|Pinkalicious and Peterrific: Cupid Calls It Quits]]''* |February 8, 2021 | |- |''[[Dinosaur Train|Dinosaur Train: Adventure Island]]''* |April 12, 2021 | |- |''[[Molly of Denali|Molly of Denali: Molly and the Great One]]''* |June 7, 2021 | |- |''[[List of Wild Kratts episodes#Season 6 (2019–2021)|Wild Kratts: Cats and Dogs]]''* |July 12, 2021 | |- |''[[List of Arthur episodes#Specials|Arthur's First Day]]''* |September 6, 2021 | |- |''[[Sesame Street|See Us Coming Together: A Sesame Street Special]]''* |November 25, 2021 | |- |''[[The Monster at the End of This Book: Starring Lovable, Furry Old Grover#Sequels and adaptations|Sesame Street: The Monster at the End of This Story]]''* |March 7, 2022 | |- |''[[Elinor Wonders Why|Elinor Wonders Why: A Wonderful Journey]]''* |April 18, 2022 | |- |''[[Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood|Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood: Daniel Visits a New Neighborhood]]''* |June 20, 2022 | |- |''[[Curious George (franchise)|Curious George 4: Royal Monkey]]''* | rowspan="2" |July 1, 2022 | |- |''[[Curious George (franchise)|Curious George 5: Go West, Go Wild]]''* | |- |''[[Sesame Street|Sesame Street: Furry Friends Forever: Elmo Gets a Puppy]]''* |March 13, 2023 | |- |''[[List of Ready Jet Go! episodes#Films|Ready Jet Go!: Space Camp]]''* |July 20, 2023 | |- |''[[Sesame Street|Sesame Street: The Nutcracker: Starring Elmo & Tango]]''* |December 2, 2023 | |- |''[[Tad Hills|Rocket Saves the Day]]''* |December 26, 2023 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Whittock |first1=Jesse |title=PBS Kids Takes Off With TV Movie 'Rocket Saves The Day' |url=https://deadline.com/2023/09/pbs-kids-tv-movie-rocket-saves-the-day-thunderbird-entertainment-1235557216/ |website=Deadline |access-date=7 January 2024 |date=28 September 2023}}</ref> |- |''[[Wild Kratts|Wild Kratts: Our Blue and Green World]]''* |April 1, 2024 |<ref name="apr24">{{cite web |author1=PBS Publicity |title=PBS KIDS Kicks Off Spring with a Slate of New Content for the Whole Family |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-kicks-off-spring-with-a-slate-of-new-content-for-the-whole-family/ |website=About PBS - Main |access-date=24 April 2024 |location=Arlington, VA |language=en |date=21 February 2024}}</ref><ref name="apr24a">{{cite web |title=More Spring Fun with LPB and PBS KIDS! |url=https://www.lpb.org/newsletters/parent-newsletter-apr2024 |website=Louisiana Public Broadcasting |access-date=24 April 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Nature Cat|Nature Cat’s Nature Movie Special Extraordinaire]]'' |April 22, 2024 |<ref name="apr24"/><ref name="apr24a"/> |- |''[[The Okee Dokee Brothers|Brambletown]]''* |July 26, 2024 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nelson |first1=Dustin |title=Family music duo, The Okee Dokee Brothers, bring new film to PBS |url=https://bringmethenews.com/minnesota-lifestyle/family-music-duo-the-okee-dokee-brothers-bring-new-film-to-pbs |website=Bring Me The News |access-date=27 July 2024 |language=en |date=22 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Starks |first1=Tiara |title=Joe Mailander of The Okee Dokee Brothers on creating PBS KIDS' Brambletown, making music, and myths |url=https://theparentwatch.com/posts/joe-mailander-the-okee-dokee-brothers-brambletown-01j15d06pjh7 |website=The Parent Watch |access-date=27 July 2024 |date=26 July 2024}}</ref> |- |''Mystery League''* |March 22, 2025 |<ref name="mysteryleague">{{cite web |title=Mystery League |url=https://pw.myersinfosys.com/wosu/airlist/34.4/959334/detail |website=pw.myersinfosys.com |access-date=9 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250109230041/https://pw.myersinfosys.com/wosu/airlist/34.4/959334/detail |archive-date=9 January 2025 |date=9 January 2025}}</ref> |- |''Acoustic Rooster and His Barnyard Band'' |May 1, 2025 |<ref name="rooster">{{cite press release|title=PBS KIDS to Debut ACOUSTIC ROOSTER, Based on Bestselling Author Kwame Alexander's Children's Book|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-to-debut-acoustic-rooster-based-on-bestselling-author-kwame-alexanders-childrens-book/|website=[[PBS]]|access-date=24 February 2025|date=24 February 2025}}</ref> |} ===Special programming from American Public Television=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Initial broadcast date !Source(s) |- |''[[Davy Jones' Locker]]'' |November 1, 1997 | |- |''[[Barney's Great Adventure]]'' |October 1, 2000 | |- |''[[Redwall (TV series)|The Redwall Movie]]'' |c. 2002 |<ref name="apt2002">{{cite web |title=APT DOMESTIC CATALOG |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/bpt?OpenView&Start=1&Count=30&Expand=6#6 |access-date=7 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021128103250/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/bpt?OpenView&Start=1&Count=30&Expand=6#6 |archive-date=28 November 2002 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[The Star of Christmas|VeggieTales: The Star of Christmas]]'' |December 23, 2002 |<ref name="apt2002"/> |- |''[[Duke and the Great Pie War|VeggieTales: Duke and the Great Pie War]]'' |April 1, 2005 |<ref>{{cite web |title=VEGGIETALES: DUKE AND THE GREAT PIE WAR |url=http://www.aptonline.org:80/catalog.nsf/vTitle/VEGGIETALES:+DUKE+AND+THE+GREAT+PIE+WAR |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=7 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050305095835/http://www.aptonline.org:80/catalog.nsf/vTitle/VEGGIETALES:+DUKE+AND+THE+GREAT+PIE+WAR |archive-date=5 March 2005 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[Heidi 4 Paws|Heidi 4 Paws: A Furry Tale]]'' |November 23, 2008 |<ref>{{cite web |title=WTTW NATIONAL PRODUCTIONS PRESENTS HEIDI 4 PAWS: A FURRY TALE |url=https://www.wttw.com/main.taf?p=7,4,1,1,1,50 |access-date=12 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091006000446/https://www.wttw.com/main.taf?p=7,4,1,1,1,50 |archive-date=6 October 2009}}</ref> |- |''Science Mission 101'' |February 1, 2010 | |- |''[[Biz Kids]]: Three Minutes to Change the World'' |May 20, 2012 |<ref>{{cite web |title=BIZ KID$ -- THREE MINUTES TO CHANGE THE WORLD American Public Television |url=http://aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/BIZ+KID+--+THREE+MINUTES+TO+CHANGE+THE+WORLD |website=aptonline.org |access-date=31 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120526235909/http://aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/BIZ+KID+--+THREE+MINUTES+TO+CHANGE+THE+WORLD |archive-date=26 May 2012 |date=26 May 2012}}</ref> |- |''Lost Treasure Hunt'' |October 1, 2014 | |} ===Acquired special programming=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Initial broadcast date !Source(s) |- |''[[A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving]]'' |November 22, 2020 |{{refn|group=note|name=acbt|Aired twice (November 22, 2020 and November 21, 2021) on PBS and PBS Kids 24/7.}}<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=November 19, 2020 |title=Apple & PBS Team Up For Broadcasts of "A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving" & "A Charlie Brown Christmas" |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/apple-pbs-team-up-for-broadcasts-of-a-charlie-brown-thanksgiving-a-charlie-brown-christmas/ |work=[[PBS]]}}</ref> |- |''[[A Charlie Brown Christmas]]'' |December 13, 2020 |{{refn|group=note|name=acbc|Aired twice (December 13, 2020 and December 19, 2021) on PBS and PBS Kids 24/7.}}<ref name="auto1"/> |- |''[[It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown]]'' |October 24, 2021 |{{refn|group=note|name=itgpcb|Aired only once (October 24, 2021) on PBS and PBS Kids 24/7.}}<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |title=It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown Will Not Air on Broadcast TV This Year |url=https://comicbook.com/horror/news/charlie-brown-great-pumpkin-halloween-streaming-apple-tv-plus/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=Horror |date=October 11, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> |- |''MeteoHeroes: The Adventure Begins - Earth Day Special'' |April 22, 2022 |{{refn|group=note|name=KVIE|Syndicated to public television stations by KVIE.}}<ref name="meteo">{{cite web |date=May 1, 2022|title=MeteoHeroes Premieres on PBS on Earth Day and Inspires New Environmental Awards|url=https://www.anbmedia.com/news/2022/05/meteoheroes-pbs-earth-day/ |work=aNb Media}}</ref> |} ==Web-exclusive programming== The following programming is exclusive to PBS Kids web-based platforms, such as the PBS Kids website, PBS Kids Video app, and other streaming platforms. This content is not broadcast by PBS Kids and has never been aired on television. * <sup>1</sup> Co-distributed by [[Amazon Prime Video]], the official streaming partner for PBS Kids programming.<ref name="pbs.org"/> ===Short-form programming=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Release date !End date !Source(s) |- |''Wilson & Ditch: Digging America'' |Fall 2009 |2018 |<ref>{{cite web |title='WILSON & DITCH: DIGGING AMERICA' NEW PBS CHILDREN'S WEB-ONLY SOCIAL STUDIES SERIES ON PBSKIDSGO.ORG THIS FALL (August 2, 2009) |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/wilson-ditch-digging-america-new-pbs-childrens-web-only-social-studies-series-on-pbskidsgoorg-this-fall-august-2-2009/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=15 March 2023 |date=2 August 2009}}</ref> |- |''Fizzy's Lunch Lab'' |November 16, 2009 |February 2021 |<ref>{{cite web |title=LAUGHTER IS THE KEY INGREDIENT IN FIZZY'S LUNCH LAB," A NEW HEALTH-THEMED WEB-ONLY PROPERTY LAUNCHING NOVEMBER 16 ON PBSKIDSGO.ORG |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/laughter-is-the-key-ingredient-in-fizzys-lunch-lab-a-new-health-themed-web-only-property-launching-november-16-on-pbskidsgoorg-september-30-2009/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=15 March 2023 |date=30 September 2009}}</ref> |- |''Chuck Vanderchuck's "Something Something" Explosion'' |2011 |2018 |<ref name="2011web"/> |- |''Plum Landing''<sup>1</sup> |April 22, 2014 | rowspan="10" |present |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Longwell |first1=Todd |title=PBS Kids explores Earth with cross-platform environmental series |url=https://kidscreen.com/2014/04/22/pbs-kids-explores-earth-with-cross-platform-environmental-series/ |website=Kidscreen |access-date=4 May 2024 |date=22 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PBS KIDS Debuts New Web-original Property and Free App: PLUM LANDING |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-debuts-new-web-original-property-and-free-app-plum-landing/ |website=About PBS - Main |access-date=4 May 2024 |language=en |date=22 April 2014}}</ref> |- |''[[Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman#Ruff Ruffman: Humble Media Genius|Ruff Ruffman: Humble Media Genius]]'' |November 26, 2014 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wgbhkids.com/ruff-ruffman-humble-media-genius/|title=Ruff Ruffman|date=15 May 2014}}</ref> |- |''[[The Ruff Ruffman Show]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 28, 2017 |<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-announces-the-return-of-fan-favorite-with-new-digital-series-the-ruff-ruffman-show/ PBS KIDS Announces the Return of Fan Favorite with New Digital Series: THE RUFF RUFFMAN SHOW. "PBS.org"]. Accessed November 20, 2017.</ref> |- |''PBS Kids Talk About'' |2018 | |- |''Scribbles and Ink''<sup>1</sup> |December 16, 2019 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roettgers |first1=Janko |title=PBS Kids Launches Interactive Online Series 'Scribbles and Ink' |url=https://variety.com/2019/digital/news/pbs-kids-scribbles-ink-interactive-series-1203445850/ |website=Variety |access-date=4 May 2024 |date=17 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Scribbles & Ink |url=https://www.globalmechanic.com/news/view/scribbles-and-ink |website=Global Mechanic |access-date=4 May 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Fetch!_with_Ruff_Ruffman#Team_Hamster!|Team Hamster]]'' |December 28, 2020 |- |''Search It Up!'' |2020 | |- |''Mega Wow!'' |2021 |<ref>{{cite web |title=PBS KIDS Mega Wow will make you say Mega. Wow. |url=https://www.sisbro.com/news-blog/2021/9/9/pbs-kids-mega-wow-will-make-you-say-mega-wow |website=Sisbro Studios |access-date=4 May 2024 |date=9 September 2021}}</ref> |- |''Tiny Time Travel'' |March 15, 2024 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Eakin |first1=Marah |title='Tiny Time Travel' shorts help kids learn emotional literacy |url=https://current.org/2024/03/tiny-time-travel-shorts-help-kids-learn-emotional-literacy/ |website=Current |access-date=4 May 2024 |date=26 March 2024}}</ref> |} ===Podcasts=== *''[[Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman]]'' Podcast (May 22, 2007−September 19, 2010)<ref>{{cite web |title=FETCH! . Podcasts . PBS KIDS GO! |url=http://pbskids.org/fetch/show/podcasts.html |website=pbskids.org |access-date=4 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923144051/http://pbskids.org/fetch/show/podcasts.html |archive-date=23 September 2010 |date=23 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=FETCH! with Ruff Ruffman . Podcast . PBS KIDS GO! |url=https://podbay.fm/p/fetch-with-ruff-ruffman-podcast-or-pbs-kids-go |website=podbay.fm |access-date=4 May 2024}}</ref> *''[[Molly of Denali|Molly of Denali Podcast]]'' (May 30, 2019−April 21, 2021) *''[[Pinkalicious & Peterrific|The Pinkalicious & Peterrific Podcast]] ''(October 28, 2020−March 13, 2025) *''[[Odd Squad|Odd Squadcast]]'' (December 2, 2020−December 30, 2020) *''[[Arthur|The Arthur Podcast]]'' (October 20, 2022−December 14, 2023) *''Keyshawn Solves It'' (May 29, 2023−June 19, 2023) *''[[123 Andrés|Jamming on the Job]]'' (September 14, 2023−present) *''[[Work It Out Wombats!|Work It Out Wombats! Podcast]]'' (January 4, 2024−present) *''[[Lyla in the Loop|Lyla’s Loopcast]] '' (May 8, 2025-present) == Notes == {{reflist|group=note}} ==References== {{reflist}} {{PBS Kids shows}}{{DEFAULTSORT:List of programs broadcast by PBS Kidso}} [[Category:PBS Kids|*]] [[Category:Lists of television series by network|PBS Kids]] lxndm82ve0wl3cd2ah2rs4ce9ciemlm 10369450 10369435 2025-07-03T11:32:50Z 174.70.123.64 /* Original programming */ 10369450 wikitext text/x-wiki The following is a list of [[television program]]s that are being [[Broadcasting|broadcast]] or have been broadcast in the past on [[Public broadcasting|public television]] in the [[United States]] on the [[PBS Kids]] [[television channel]] (the original channel and its [[revival]]) and the PBS Kids [[Programming block|block]] on local [[PBS]] [[Television station|stations]]. ==Current programming== * <sup>1</sup> Co-distributed by [[Amazon Prime Video]], the official streaming partner for PBS Kids programming.<ref name="pbs.org">{{cite web |title=Amazon Prime Video Is now the Exclusive Premium Subscription Streaming Home for Family-Favorite PBS KIDS Series |website=[[PBS]] |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/amazon-prime-video-is-now-the-exclusive-premium-subscription-streaming-home-for-family-favorite-pbs-kids-series/ |access-date=12 March 2023}}</ref> * <sup>2</sup> Co-distributed on the PBS Retro streaming channel. ===Original programming=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''[[Mister Rogers' Neighborhood]]''<sup>1</sup> <sup>2</sup> |February 19, 1968 |{{refn|group=note|name=mrn|National runs ended when spinoff series ''[[Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood]]'' began airing on September 3, 2012, but reruns of select episodes have since returned as of June 10, 2017 (PBS) and temporarily October 8, 2022 through February 5, 2023 (PBS Kids 24/7).}}{{refn|group=note|name=pbsretro|Reruns began streaming on the PBS Retro channel on April 23, 2024.}} |- |''[[Sesame Street]]'' |November 10, 1969 |{{refn|group=note|name=ss|''Sesame Street'' was notably absent from PBS Kids 24/7 until the channel relaunched on January 16, 2017 due to conflicting cable broadcast rights with [[Noggin (brand)|Noggin]] and [[Sesame Workshop|Children's Television Workshop]]. <br/> Premieres moved to [[HBO]] in 2016 and [[HBO Max]] in 2020, but ''Sesame Street'' has aired consistently on public television in some capacity since its original debut.}} |- |''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]''<sup>1</sup> |October 7, 1996 | |- |''[[Cyberchase]]''<sup>1</sup> |January 21, 2002 | |- |''[[Curious George (TV series)|Curious George]]'' |September 4, 2006 |{{refn|group=note|name=cg|''Curious George'' was notably absent from PBS Kids 24/7 until October 5, 2020 due to conflicting streaming rights with [[Hulu]] and [[NBCUniversal]].<br/> Premieres moved to [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]] in 2020, but ''Curious George'' has aired consistently on public television in some capacity since its original debut.}}{{Refn|group=note|name=end2024|National runs on PBS ended on September 30, 2024. Reruns continue on PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[Super Why!]]''<sup>1</sup> |rowspan=2|September 3, 2007 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2019|National runs on PBS ended on July 12, 2019. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[WordGirl]]''<sup>1</sup> |{{refn|group=note|name=end2017a|National runs on PBS ended on June 2, 2017. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and periodically on PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[Dinosaur Train]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 7, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2024a|National runs on PBS ended on February 4, 2024. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!]]'' |September 6, 2010 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2021|National runs on PBS ended on October 1, 2021 with specials airing periodically through December 25, 2022. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[Wild Kratts]]''<sup>1</sup> |January 3, 2011 | |- |''[[Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 3, 2012 | |- |''[[Peg + Cat]]''<sup>1</sup> |October 7, 2013 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2021a|National runs on PBS ended on October 1, 2021 with specials airing periodically through December 23, 2022. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[Odd Squad (TV series)|Odd Squad]]''<sup>1</sup> |November 26, 2014 |<ref>{{cite web |title=New Live-Action Series ODD SQUAD to Premiere on PBS KIDS This November |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20140514005941/en/New-Live-Action-Series-ODD-SQUAD-to-Premiere-on-PBS-KIDS-This-November |website=www.businesswire.com |access-date=2 February 2024 |location=San Francisco, CA |language=en |date=14 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Eakin |first1=Marah |title='Odd Squad' abroad: Hit PBS Kids series expands to UK |url=https://current.org/2023/11/odd-squad-abroad-hit-pbs-kids-series-expands-to-uk/ |website=Current |access-date=2 February 2024 |date=13 November 2023 |quote=...the next season of "Odd Squad," debuting on PBS in late 2024.}}</ref><ref name="odduk">{{cite web|url=https://issuu.com/brunico-issuu/docs/kidscreen_octobernovember23|title=Sinking Ship Entertainment print ad (pages 4-7)|magazine=Kidscreen (October/November 2023)|date=October 10, 2023 }}</ref> |- |''[[Nature Cat]]''<sup>1</sup> |November 25, 2015 |<ref name=Cast>{{cite web|title=New PBS Kids Series Nature Cat Will Premiere November 25, 2015|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/new-pbs-kids-series-nature-cat-will-premiere-november-25-2015/|publisher=Public Broadcasting Service|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923090336/http://www.pbs.org/about/news/archive/2015/nature-cat-premiere/|archive-date=September 23, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |''[[Ready Jet Go!]]''<sup>1</sup> |February 15, 2016 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2023|National runs on PBS ended on February 3, 2023. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[Pinkalicious & Peterrific]]''<sup>1</sup> |February 19, 2018 |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dandelionmoms.com/2017/05/pinkalicious-peterrific-is-coming-to-pbs-kids-next-february/ |title=Pinkalicious & Peterrific is coming to PBS Kids next February! |publisher=Dandelionmoms.com |date=May 18, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017}}</ref> |- |''[[Let's Go Luna!]]''<sup>1</sup> |November 21, 2018 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2024b|National runs on PBS ended on February 4, 2024. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}}<ref name=AM>{{cite web|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/pbs-kids-gets-refreshed-ruff-ruffman-joe-murrays-luna-around-the-world/|title=PBS KIDS Gets Refreshed 'Ruff Ruffman,' Joe Murray's 'Luna Around the World'|author=Mercedes Milligan|work=[[Animation Magazine]]|date=July 31, 2017|access-date=July 23, 2018}}</ref> |- |''[[Molly of Denali]]''<sup>1</sup> |July 15, 2019 |<ref name="playback">[http://playbackonline.ca/2018/05/09/pbs-kids-orders-first-alaskan-native-series/ "PBS Kids orders animated series from Atomic Cartoons"]. ''[[Playback (magazine)|Playback]]'', May 9, 2018.</ref> |- |''[[Xavier Riddle and the Secret Museum]]''<sup>1</sup> |November 11, 2019 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-announces-new-series-xavier-riddle-and-the-secret-museum-premiering-november-11-2019/|title=PBS KIDS Announces New Series XAVIER RIDDLE AND THE SECRET MUSEUM, Premiering November 11, 2019 |publisher=[[PBS]]|access-date=February 1, 2019}}</ref> |- |''[[Clifford the Big Red Dog (2019 TV series)|Clifford the Big Red Dog]]'' (2019) |December 7, 2019 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2022|National runs on PBS ended on September 30, 2022. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}}<ref name=Milligan_June2019>{{cite web |date=June 4, 2019 |first=Mercedes |last=Milligan |title=Scholastic's New 'Clifford the Big Red Dog' Launches in December |website=Animation Magazine |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/scholastics-new-clifford-the-big-red-dog-launches-in-december/ }}</ref> |- |''[[Hero Elementary]]''<sup>1</sup> |June 1, 2020 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2023c|National runs on PBS ended on February 2, 2024. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-announces-new-series-hero-elementary-premiering-summer-2020/|title=PBS KIDS Announces New Series HERO ELEMENTARY, Premiering Summer 2020 {{!}} PBS About|website=PBS KIDS Announces New Series HERO ELEMENTARY, Premiering Summer 2020 {{!}} PBS About|access-date=2019-12-05}}</ref> |- |''[[Elinor Wonders Why]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 7, 2020 | |- |''[[Donkey Hodie (TV series)|Donkey Hodie]]''<sup>1</sup> |May 3, 2021 | |- |''[[Alma's Way]]''<sup>1</sup> |October 4, 2021 |<ref name="almasway">{{cite press release|title=New PBS Kids Series Alma's Way Premieres October 4|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/new-pbs-kids-series-almas-way-premieres-october-4/|publisher=[[PBS]]|date=August 10, 2021}}</ref> |- |''[[Rosie's Rules]]''<sup>1</sup> |October 3, 2022 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=PBS KIDS to Introduce New Series, ROSIE'S RULES, Premiering Fall 2022 |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-to-introduce-new-series-rosies-rules-premiering-fall-2022/ |website=[[PBS]]}}</ref> |- |''[[Work It Out Wombats!]]''<sup>1</sup> |February 6, 2023 |<ref name="wombats">{{cite press release|title=PBS KIDS Announces New Series, WORK IT OUT WOMBATS! Debuting Winter 2023|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-announces-new-series-work-it-out-wombats-debuting-winter-2023/|website=[[PBS]]}}</ref> |- |''[[Lyla in the Loop]]''<sup>1</sup> |February 5, 2024 |<ref name="lyla">{{cite press release|title=New PBS KIDS Series, LYLA IN THE LOOP, Launches February 5, 2024|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/new-pbs-kids-series-lyla-in-the-loop-launches-february-5-2024/|website=[[PBS]]}}</ref> |- |''[[Milo (TV series)|Milo]]''<sup>1</sup> |October 1, 2024 |{{refn|group=note|name=PK|Exclusive to PBS Kids 24/7.}}{{refn|group=note|name=milostreaming|''Milo'' was first available on PBS Kids streaming platforms and Amazon Prime Video starting on May 13, 2024.}}<ref name="may2024"/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Nordyke |first1=Kimberly |title=PBS Kids Sets Spring Slate With New Series 'Tiny Time Travel' and 'Milo,' Movies Based on 'Wild Kratts' and 'Nature Cat' (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/pbs-kids-tiny-time-travel-milo-wild-kratts-nature-cat-1235831431/ |website=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=25 February 2024 |date=21 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=EPISODES OF 'MILO' AVAILABLE IN THE UNITED STATES THIS FALL VIA PBS KIDS {{!}} DeAPlaneta Kids&Families |url=https://www.deaplanetakidsandfamily.com/en/episodes-milo-available-united-states-fall-pbs-kids |website=www.deaplanetakidsandfamily.com |access-date=1 October 2024 |date=26 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Milo Will Be Available on the PBS Kids Channel in the US, Starting October 1 |url=https://www.todotvnews.com/en/milo-will-be-available-on-the-pbs-kids-channel-in-the-us-starting-october-1/ |website=TTV News |access-date=1 October 2024 |date=26 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Milo' to be available on PBS Kids channel in USA |url=https://www.animationxpress.com/animation/kids-animated-series-milo-to-be-available-on-pbs-kids-channel-in-usa/ |website=www.animationxpress.com |access-date=1 October 2024 |date=26 September 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Carl the Collector]]''<sup>1</sup> |November 14, 2024 |<ref>{{cite web |title=CARL THE COLLECTOR, PBS KIDS' First Series Centering on an Autistic Main Character, Premieres Nov 14 |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/carl-the-collector-pbs-kids-first-series-centering-on-an-autistic-main-character-premieres-nov-14/ |website=About PBS - Main |access-date=16 July 2024 |location=Pasadena, CA |language=en |date=15 July 2024}}</ref><ref name="carl">{{cite web |last1=White |first1=Abbey |title='Carl the Collector,' PBS Kids' First Series Led by an Autistic Character, to Premiere in Fall 2024 (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/carl-the-collector-pbs-kids-2024-premiere-1235641724/ |website=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=10 November 2023 |date=9 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Amatangelo |first1=Amy |title='Carl the Collector,' a new animated PBS series, features characters with autism |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/tv/story/2024-11-14/carl-the-collector-autism-pbs-kids |website=Los Angeles Times |access-date=14 November 2024 |date=14 November 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Skillsville]]''<sup>1</sup> |March 3, 2025 |<ref name="skillsville">{{cite web |title=Skillsville |url=https://pw.myersinfosys.com/wosu/airlist/34.4/958442/detail |website=pw.myersinfosys.com |access-date=9 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250109230119/https://pw.myersinfosys.com/wosu/airlist/34.4/958442/detail |archive-date=9 January 2025 |date=9 January 2025}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{cite web|title=Department of Education Funds TPT's New Project 'Mashopolis'|url=https://www.tpt.org/post/department-education-funds-tpts-new-project-mashopolis/|publisher=[[Twin Cities Public Television]]|date=September 30, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Skillsville |url=https://sphere-media.com/en/animations/skillsville/ |website=Sphere Media Productions |access-date=1 October 2023}}</ref> |} ====Local reruns==== The following programs are currently airing on select local PBS stations only. They are no longer distributed nationally, though are still available for local stations to air independently. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !National run end date !Source(s) |- |''[[Clifford the Big Red Dog (2000 TV series)|Clifford the Big Red Dog]]'' (2000) |September 4, 2000 |October 2, 2022 |{{refn|group=note|name=clifford|National runs ended on May 30, 2014 (PBS) and October 2, 2022 (PBS Kids 24/7). Reruns continue on select local PBS stations only.}} |- |''[[The Berenstain Bears (2002 TV series)|The Berenstain Bears]]''<sup>1</sup> |January 6, 2003 |February 1, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=bb|National runs ended on February 1, 2009 (PBS) and September 26, 2005 (PBS Kids 24/7). Reruns continue on select local PBS stations only.}}<ref name="bbslm">{{cite press release|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-berenstain-bearsr-bring-40-years-of-literary-history-to-pbs-kids-with-premiere-of-15-minute-animated-tv-series-76827102.html|title=The Berenstain Bears(R) Bring 40 Years of Literary History to 'PBS KIDS' With Premiere of 15-Minute Animated TV Series|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822181921/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-berenstain-bearsr-bring-40-years-of-literary-history-to-pbs-kids-with-premiere-of-15-minute-animated-tv-series-76827102.html|access-date=January 22, 2021|archive-date=2017-08-22}}</ref> |- |''[[Maya & Miguel]]'' |October 11, 2004 |December 31, 2010 |{{refn|group=note|name=maya|National runs ended on December 31, 2010. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations only.}} |- |''[[Martha Speaks (TV series)|Martha Speaks]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 1, 2008 |October 2, 2022 |{{refn|group=note|name=martha|National runs ended on December 29, 2017 (PBS) and October 2, 2022 (PBS Kids 24/7). Reruns continue on select local PBS stations only.}} |- |''[[SciGirls]]''<sup>1</sup> |February 11, 2010 |June 23, 2023 |{{refn|group=note|name=local|Broadcasts are exclusive to select local PBS stations.}} |- |} ===Programming from American Public Television=== The following programs are distributed by [[American Public Television]], not PBS itself. These programs are broadcast by select local PBS stations. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''[[Biz Kid$]]'' |January 6, 2008 | |- |''Roey's Paintbox'' |February 4, 2015 | |- |''Kid Stew'' |May 1, 2018 | |- |''Albie's Elevator'' |rowspan=2|September 4, 2023 |<ref name="whyy2023">{{cite web |last1=Rudnesky |first1=Franki |title=WHYY debuts two new children's TV shows made in Philadelphia |url=https://www.phillyvoice.com/whyy-childrens-tv-shows-philadelphia-albies-elevator-infinite-art-hunt/ |website=PhillyVoice |publisher=WWB Holdings, LLC |access-date=25 June 2023 |date=14 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ALBIE'S ELEVATOR American Public Television |url=https://www.aptonline.org/catalog/ALBIE-S-ELEVATOR |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=25 June 2023}}</ref> |- |''The Infinite Art Hunt'' |<ref name="whyy2023"/><ref>{{cite web |title=THE INFINITE ART HUNT American Public Television |url=https://www.aptonline.org/catalog/INFINITE-ART-HUNT-THE |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=25 June 2023}}</ref> |- |''Mia & Codie'' |January 2, 2025 |<ref>{{cite web |title=MIA & CODIE American Public Television |url=https://aptonline.org/catalog/MIA-CODIE |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=14 November 2024}}</ref> |- |''Vegesaurs'' |April 1, 2025 |<ref name="vegesaurs">{{cite web |title=Vegesaurs |url=https://www.aptonline.org/catalog/VEGESAURS |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=2 February 2025}}</ref> |} ===Programming from NETA=== The following programs are distributed by National Educational Telecommunications Association, not PBS itself. These programs are broadcast by select local PBS stations. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''[[Curious Crew]]'' |2017 | |- |''Into the Outdoors'' |June 3, 2020 | |- |''Let's Learn'' |December 14, 2020 | |- |''DIY Science Time'' |May 31, 2021 | |- |''Camp TV'' |June 16, 2021 | |- |''The Reading League's Reading Buddies'' |2022 | |- |''Wimee's Words'' |April 1, 2022 | |- |''Wordsville'' |January 10, 2025 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Wordsville |url=https://www.netaonline.org/episode/wordsville |publisher=NETA |access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref> |} ===Interstitial programming=== The following interstitials run for a minute and are usually shown at the start or end of a traditional, full-form program. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''PBS Kids Rocks!'' |September 6, 2010 |{{refn|group=note|Originally known as ''DJ Hooper'' until 2015.}} |- |''You Can Be Anything!'' |2016 | |- |''You, Me, and Community'' |rowspan=2|October 1, 2017 |<ref>{{cite web |title=You, Me & Community |url=https://www.globalmechanic.com/news/view/you-me-and-community |publisher=Global Mechanic |access-date=20 March 2023}}</ref> |- |''The Really Really Awesome Activity Challenge'' | |- |''Get Moving!'' |August 3, 2020 | |} ===Short-form programming=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''Oh Noah!'' |September 17, 2012 |{{refn|group=note|Originally known as ''Noah Comprende''.}}<ref name="2011web">{{cite web |title=PBS Launches New Spanish Language and Music Web Series on PBSKIDSGO.ORG |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-launches-new-spanish-language-and-music-web-series-on-pbskidsgoorg/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=15 March 2023 |date=11 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Dean |first1=Anthony |title=Minorities in cartoons: "Oh Noah!" |url=https://www.diversetechgeek.com/minorities-cartoons-oh-noah/ |website=Diverse Tech Geek |access-date=4 May 2024 |date=17 October 2013}}</ref> |- |''[[Elinor Wonders Why]]'s [[Jorge Cham|That's So Interesting!]]''<sup>1</sup> |May 3, 2021 | |- |''[[Fred Rogers Productions|Through the Woods]]''<sup>1</sup> |June 4, 2021 | |- |''Jelly, Ben and Pogo'' |October 4, 2021 |<ref name="almasway" /> |- |''[[Molly of Denali]]: The Big Gathering''<sup>1</sup> |November 1, 2022 | |- |''[[City Island (TV series)|City Island]]''<sup>1</sup> |December 26, 2022 |<ref name="cityisland">{{cite press release|title=CITY ISLAND Shorts to Premiere on PBS KIDS, December 26, 2022|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/city-island-shorts-to-premiere-on-pbs-kids-december-26-2022/|website=[[PBS]]}}</ref> |- |''What Can You Become?'' |March 3, 2023 | |- |''[[Super_Why!#Spin-off_series|Super Why's Comic Book Adventures]]''<sup>1</sup> |October 18, 2023 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Y-E-S, yes, the new 'Super Why!' musical shorts will premiere on PBS Kids Oct. 18 |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/tv/story/2023-09-20/super-why-comic-book-adventures-pbs-kids-premiere-date |website=Los Angeles Times |access-date=18 October 2023 |date=20 September 2023}}</ref> |- |''[[Sesame Workshop|Together We Can]]'' |July 3, 2024 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stalcup |first1=Jamie |title=PBS KIDS Slates New Civics-Themed Content |url=https://worldscreen.com/tvkids/pbs-kids-slates-new-civics-themed-content/ |website=TVKIDS |access-date=4 July 2024 |date=27 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Reif |first1=Alex |title=PBS KIDS Launches Civics Music Video Series from Sesame Workshop – "Together We Can" |url=https://www.laughingplace.com/w/entertainment/pbs-kids-launches-civics-music-video-series-from-sesame-workshop-together-we-can/ |website=LaughingPlace.com |access-date=4 July 2024 |date=3 July 2024}}</ref> |} ===Blocks=== {| class="wikitable" sortable !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |PBS Kids Family Night |April 21, 2017 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=PBS Will Launch Family Night on New PBS Kids Channel |url=https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/pbs-kids-family-night-live-streaming-daniel-tiger-1201960775/ |access-date=December 10, 2022 |website=variety.com |date=January 15, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210161650/https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/pbs-kids-family-night-live-streaming-daniel-tiger-1201960775/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Elliott |first1=Belinda |title=WHRO - Don't Miss PBS Kids Family Night Every Saturday & Sunday |url=https://whro.org/kids-family/44938-pbs-kids-family-nights |website=whro.org |access-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214143451/https://whro.org/kids-family/44938-pbs-kids-family-nights |archive-date=14 February 2024 |date=12 February 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PBS Kids Family Nights - AZPM |url=https://www.azpm.org/s/46584-pbs-kids-family-nights/ |access-date=July 16, 2022 |website=www.azpm.org |language=en |archive-date=May 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527020411/https://www.azpm.org/s/46584-pbs-kids-family-nights/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |} ==Upcoming programming== ===Original programming=== {|class=wikitable sortable !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''Weather Hunters'' |September 8, 2025 |<ref name="roker">{{cite press release|title=WEATHER HUNTERS, New STEM Series Created by & Starring Al Roker, Launches on PBS KIDS, July 7, 2025|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/weather-hunters-new-animated-series-created-by-and-starring-al-roker-launches-on-pbs-kids-july-7/|website=[[PBS]] |access-date=22 January 2025 |date=22 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Weather Hunters Prescreening: Summer Shared Stories Series |url=https://www.pbsutah.org/blogs/events/weather-hunters-prescreening-summer-shared-stories-series/ |website=PBS Utah |access-date=18 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref> |- |''Phoebe & Jay'' |Fall 2025 |<ref name="phoebeandjay">{{cite press release|title=PBS KIDS Announces Newest Animated Series, PHOEBE & JAY, Premiering Fall 2025|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-announces-newest-animated-series-phoebe-jay-premiering-fall-2025/|website=[[PBS]] |access-date=22 January 2025 |date=22 January 2025}}</ref><ref name="2025new">{{cite web |last1=Shanfeld |first1=Ethan |title=Sheryl Lee Ralph, Holly Robinson Peete and LeVar Burton Join Al Roker's 'Weather Hunters' Animated Series (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/al-roker-weather-hunters-sheryl-lee-ralph-levar-burton-1236280394/ |website=Variety |access-date=22 January 2025 |date=22 January 2025}}</ref> |- |''The Day You Begin'' |TBA |<ref name="tdyb">{{cite web |last1=Whittock |first1=Jesse |title=PBS Kids Orders TV Adaptation Of Jacqueline Woodson's 'The Day You Begin' |url=https://deadline.com/2024/10/pbs-kids-the-day-you-begin-jacqueline-woodson-1236109102/ |website=Deadline |access-date=24 February 2025 |date=8 October 2024}}</ref> |} ===Acquired programming=== {|class=wikitable sortable !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''Piripenguins'' |TBA |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Milligan |first1=Mercedes |title=PBS Distribution Picks Up 'Piripenguins' for NorAm |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2024/10/pbs-distribution-picks-up-piripenguins-for-noram/ |website=Animation Magazine |access-date=9 June 2025 |date=14 October 2024}}</ref> |} ==Former programming== * <sup>1</sup> Co-distributed by [[Amazon Prime Video]], the official streaming partner for PBS Kids programming.<ref name="pbs.org"/> * <sup>2</sup> Co-distributed by [[Roku]] on the PBS Retro streaming channel. ===PTV=== ''For a list of earlier children’s programming on PBS, prior to the PTV block (such as [[Zoom (1972 TV series)|Zoom]] or [[3-2-1 Contact]]), see [[List of programs broadcast by PBS#Former programming|List of programs broadcast by PBS]].'' ====Original programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Square One Television]]'' |January 26, 1987 |October 7, 1994 | |- |''[[Shining Time Station]]'' |January 29, 1989 |June 11, 1998 | |- |''[[Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? (game show)|Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego?]]'' |September 30, 1991 |October 4, 1996 | |- |''[[Lamb Chop's Play-Along]]'' |January 13, 1992 |August 29, 1997 | |- |''[[Ghostwriter (1992 TV series)|Ghostwriter]]'' |October 4, 1992 |September 5, 1999 | |- |''[[Kino's Storytime|Storytime]]'' |October 11, 1992 |1999 |{{refn|group=note|name=storytime|National run began on June 6, 1994.}} |- |''[[The Magic School Bus (TV series)|The Magic School Bus]]'' |September 10, 1994 |September 25, 1998 | |- |''[[Bill Nye the Science Guy]]'' |October 10, 1994 |September 3, 1999 | |- |''[[Where in Time Is Carmen Sandiego? (game show)|Where in Time is Carmen Sandiego?]]'' |October 7, 1996 |September 25, 1998 | |- |''[[The Charlie Horse Music Pizza]]'' |January 5, 1998 |September 3, 1999 | |} ====Programming from [[American Program Service]]==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Pappyland]]'' |May 25, 1993 |September 3, 1999 | |- |''[[Kidsongs]]'' |April 4, 1994 |October 24, 1998 | |- |''[[The Adventures of Dudley the Dragon]]'' |September 18, 1994 |September 5, 1999 | |- |''Preschool Power'' |1995 |1998 | |- |''[[The Swamp Critters of Lost Lagoon]]'' |November 4, 1995 |December 27, 1997 | |- |''[[Bloopy's Buddies]]'' |January 6, 1996 |1998 | |- |''[[The Reppies]]'' |September 28, 1996 |November 2, 1996 | |- |''[[Groundling Marsh]]'' |1997 |1999 | |} ====Acquired programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Katie and Orbie]]'' |October 9, 1995 |November 6, 1997 | |- |''[[Salty's Lighthouse]]'' |December 6, 1997 |1998 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/248335953/ |title=28 Dec 1997, Page 116 - Tallahassee Democrat at |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1997-12-28 |access-date=2022-06-05}}</ref> |} ====Blocks==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Block title !Launch date !End date !Source(s) |- |The Game |October 7, 1996 |September 6, 1999 | |} ===PBS Kids=== ====Original programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Reading Rainbow]]''<sup>1</sup> <sup>2</sup> |July 11, 1983 |August 28, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=pbsretro}} <ref>{{cite web |author1=John J. O'Connor |title=TV:'READING RAINBOW,' NEW SERIES |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/07/11/books/tv-reading-rainbow-new-series.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=15 March 2023 |date=11 July 1983}}</ref><ref name="wned">{{cite web |title=Celebrating 60 Years: WNED PBS Marks its 60th Anniversary |url=https://www.wned.org/celebrating-60-years/ |website=Buffalo Toronto Public Media |access-date=21 January 2024 |language=en |date=30 March 2019 |quote=July 11, 1983 was the birth of one of WNED PBS’s most decorated series, “Reading Rainbow”.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=READING RAINBOW |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/reading-rainbow-august-28-2009/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=15 March 2023 |date=28 August 2009}}</ref> |- |''[[Barney & Friends]]'' |April 6, 1992 |November 14, 2015 |{{refn|group=note|name=end1992a|Reruns continued through August 31, 2016 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[The Puzzle Place]]'' |January 16, 1995 |March 31, 2000 | |- |''[[Plaza Sesamo]]'' |April 3, 1995 |January 4, 2010 |{{refn|group=note|name=plaza|Broadcasts were exclusive to select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Wishbone (TV series)|Wishbone]]'' |October 9, 1995 |August 31, 2014 |{{refn|group=note|name=end1995a|First run ended September 2, 2001. Reruns resumed approximately 2006 through August 31, 2014 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Kratts' Creatures]]''<sup>1</sup> <sup>2</sup> |June 3, 1996 |June 9, 2000 |{{refn|group=note|name=pbsretro}} |- |''[[Adventures from the Book of Virtues]]'' |September 2, 1996 |September 26, 2005 | |- |''[[Tots TV]]'' |October 7, 1996 |rowspan=2|September 1, 2002 | |- |''[[Theodore Tugboat]]'' |October 20, 1996 | |- |''[[Wimzie's House]]'' |September 1, 1997 |September 2, 2001 | |- |''[[Teletubbies]]'' |April 6, 1998 |August 29, 2008 | |- |''[[Noddy (TV series)|Noddy]]'' |August 31, 1998 |September 1, 2002 |{{refn|group=note|name=noddy|National runs on PBS Kids 24/7 ended June 10, 2001.}} |- |''[[Zoom (1999 TV series)|Zoom]]'' |January 4, 1999 |September 2, 2007 | |- |''[[Zoboomafoo]]''<sup>1</sup> <sup>2</sup> |January 25, 1999 |February 1, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end1999b|Reruns continued through December 23, 2017 on select local PBS stations.}}{{refn|group=note|name=pbsretro}} |- |''[[Dragon Tales]]'' |September 6, 1999 |August 31, 2010 | |- |''[[Between the Lions]]'' |April 3, 2000 |August 31, 2011 | |- |''[[Caillou]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 4, 2000 |December 27, 2020 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2000b|National runs ended on November 13, 2015 (PBS) and December 27, 2020 (PBS Kids 24/7). Reruns continued through December 31, 2020 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Corduroy (TV series)|Corduroy]]'' |rowspan=6|September 30, 2000 |rowspan=2|October 28, 2001 | |- |''[[Elliot Moose (TV series)|Elliot Moose]]'' | |- |''[[Timothy Goes to School]]'' |September 5, 2004 | |- |''[[Seven Little Monsters (TV series)|Seven Little Monsters]]'' |September 15, 2003 |{{refn|group=note|name=monsters|''Seven Little Monsters'' was part of the [[PBS Kids Bookworm Bunch|Bookworm Bunch]] block from September 30, 2000 through September 5, 2004; meanwhile, it was aired in the same half-hour timeslot alongside ''[[The Berenstain Bears (2002 TV series)|The Berenstain Bears]]'' from January 6 through September 12, 2003.}} <ref name="bbslm"/> |- |''[[George Shrinks]]'' |September 2, 2007 |{{refn|group=note|name=shrinks|''George Shrinks'' was part of the [[PBS Kids Bookworm Bunch|Bookworm Bunch]] block from September 30, 2000 through September 5, 2004; meanwhile, it was aired in its own half-hour timeslot from January 6, 2003 through September 2, 2007. Reruns continued through August 2008 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Marvin the Tap-Dancing Horse]]'' |September 5, 2004 | |- |''[[Jay Jay the Jet Plane]]'' |June 11, 2001 |May 31, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=jayjay|Reruns continued through June 26, 2009 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Anne of Green Gables: The Animated Series]]'' |September 2, 2001 |September 30, 2015 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2001a|''Anne of Green Gables: The Animated Series'' aired from September 2, 2001 through October 10, 2004 (PBS Kids 24/7) and through September 4, 2005 (PBS); later reruns were distributed to local PBS stations by [[American Public Television]] from April 5, 2010 through September 30, 2015.}} |- |''[[Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat]]'' |September 3, 2001 |February 1, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2001b|Reruns continued through August 30, 2009 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[DragonflyTV]]'' |January 19, 2002 |September 6, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2002a|Reruns continued through May 29, 2019 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Angelina Ballerina (TV series)|Angelina Ballerina]]'' |June 1, 2002 |August 29, 2015 | |- |''[[Liberty's Kids]]'' |September 2, 2002 |October 10, 2004 | |- |''[[Clifford's Puppy Days]]'' |September 1, 2003 |April 23, 2022 |{{refn|group=note|name=puppy|National runs ended on September 2, 2007 (PBS) with specials airing periodically through February 14, 2014 (PBS) and April 23, 2022 (PBS Kids 24/7).}} <ref>{{cite web |title=Award-Winning PBS KIDS® Launches New Programming This Fall 2003 |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/award-winning-pbs-kids-launches-new-programming-this-fall-2003-july-12-2003/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=13 March 2023 |date=12 July 2003}}</ref> |- |''[[Jakers! The Adventures of Piggley Winks]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 7, 2003 |rowspan=2 | August 31, 2008 | |- |''[[Boohbah]]'' |January 19, 2004 | |- |''[[Thomas & Friends]]''<sup>2</sup> |September 5, 2004 |December 31, 2017 |{{refn|group=note|name=pbsretro}} |- |''[[Postcards from Buster]]''<sup>1</sup> |October 11, 2004 |February 24, 2012 | |- |''[[Bob the Builder]]'' |January 1, 2005 |November 6, 2015 |{{refn|group=note|name=bob|After originally debuting on [[Nick Jr.]] in the United States on January 15, 2001, ''Bob the Builder'' was broadcast on PBS Kids from January 1, 2005 through November 6, 2015, when the series was replaced by the [[Bob the Builder (2015 TV series)|2015 reboot series]].}} <ref>{{cite web |last1=Everhart |first1=Karen |title=PBS, producers, Comcast wed to create digital kids' channel |url=https://current.org/2004/11/pbs-producers-comcast-wed-to-create-digital-kids-channel/ |website=Current |access-date=21 January 2024 |date=1 November 2004}}</ref><ref name="bobl">{{cite web |title=Watch Bob the Builder KLRU TV Schedule KLRU-TV, Austin PBS |url=http://www.klru.org/program/bob-the-builder/ |website=www.klru.org |access-date=21 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104015431/http://www.klru.org/program/bob-the-builder/ |archive-date=4 November 2015 |date=4 November 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''Toopy and Binoo'' |January 3, 2005 |December 29, 2006 | |- |''[[Make Way for Noddy]]'' |July 2, 2005 |September 6, 2009 | |- |''[[It's a Big Big World]]''<sup>1</sup> |January 2, 2006 |April 30, 2010 | |- |''[[Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman]]''<sup>1</sup> |May 29, 2006 |November 20, 2018 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2006d|First run ended September 2, 2012, with reruns continuing through August 31, 2014 on select local PBS stations. Reruns resumed January 16, 2017 through November 20, 2018 exclusively on PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[Franny's Feet]]'' |July 8, 2006 |September 6, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2006a|Reruns continued through November 25, 2012 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Design Squad]]''<sup>1</sup> |February 28, 2007 |March 20, 2011 | |- |''[[Peep and the Big Wide World]]''<sup>1</sup> |April 1, 2007 |December 26, 2021 |{{refn|group=note|name=peep|After originally debuting on [[Discovery Kids]] and [[TLC (TV network)|TLC]] on April 10, 2004, ''Peep and the Big Wide World'' was distributed to local PBS stations by [[American Public Television]] from April 1, 2007 through January 3, 2018; later reruns aired on PBS Kids 24/7 from January 1, 2018 through December 26, 2021.}} <ref>{{cite web |title=PEEP FAQ |url=http://www.peepandthebigwideworld.com/about/faq.html |access-date=12 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070420080633/http://www.peepandthebigwideworld.com/about/faq.html |archive-date=20 April 2007}}</ref><ref name="peep">{{cite web |title=PEEP AND THE BIG WIDE WORLD - American Public Television |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/GenreLookup/41653873E38CD1A485257281007550C7 |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091106004954/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/GenreLookup/41653873E38CD1A485257281007550C7 |archive-date=6 November 2009}}</ref> |- |''[[WordWorld]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 3, 2007 |October 2, 2022 |{{refn|group=note|name=ww|Reruns continued through July 30, 2023 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Mama Mirabelle's Home Movies]]'' |September 8, 2007 |rowspan=2|September 6, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2007a|Reruns continued through January 2, 2011 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Animalia (TV series)|Animalia]]'' |January 5, 2008 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2007a}} |- |''[[Betsy's Kindergarten Adventures]]'' |January 13, 2008 |May 31, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2008b|Reruns continued through October 6, 2013 on select local PBS stations.}} <ref>{{cite web |title=Betsy's Kindergarten Adventures PBS KIDS |url=http://pbskids.org/betsy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080115082246/http://pbskids.org/betsy/ |archive-date=15 January 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[Sid the Science Kid]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 1, 2008 |June 25, 2023 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2018|National runs ended on November 18, 2018 (PBS) and June 25, 2023 (PBS Kids 24/7).}} |- |''[[Lomax, the Hound of Music]]'' |October 11, 2008 |December 29, 2008 |<ref>{{cite web |title=KWBU Program Guide October 2008 |url=https://www.baylor.edu/content/services/document.php/73593.pdf |publisher=Baylor University |access-date=13 March 2023 |page=2}}</ref> |- |''[[The Electric Company (2009 TV series)|The Electric Company]]'' (2009) |January 19, 2009 |August 31, 2014 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Back From the '70s, Without the Zaniness |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/19/arts/television/19elec.html |work=The New York Times |date=January 18, 2009 |access-date=13 March 2023 |last1=Genzlinger |first1=Neil }}</ref> |- |''[[Angelina Ballerina: The Next Steps]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 5, 2009 |November 14, 2015 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2009a|Reruns continued through January 31, 2016 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Bob the Builder (2015 TV series)|Bob the Builder]]'' (2015) |November 7, 2015 |November 20, 2018 |<ref name=bobl/><ref>{{cite web |title=Let's Go! Bob the Builder |url=https://www.ket.org/episode/BOBL%20%20000901/ |website=www.ket.org |access-date=21 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620030524/https://www.ket.org/episode/BOBL%20%20000901/ |archive-date=20 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=TV Schedules - AZPM |url=https://tv.azpm.org/schedules/kuatkids/2015/11/7/#8:30.a.m. |website=tv.azpm.org |access-date=21 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref> |- |''[[Splash and Bubbles]]''<sup>1</sup> |November 23, 2016 |October 2, 2022 |{{refn|group=note|name=splash|Reruns continued through November 27, 2022 on select local PBS stations.}} <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/pbs-kids-dates-premiere-for-hensons-splash-and-bubbles|title=PBS Kids Dates Premiere for Henson's 'Splash and Bubbles'|author=Mercedes Milligan|work=[[Animation Magazine]]|date=May 21, 2016|access-date=November 23, 2016}}</ref> |- |''[[Esme & Roy]]'' |August 30, 2019 |June 27, 2021 |{{refn|group=note|name=PK|Exclusive to PBS Kids 24/7.}} <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-03-13|title=Esme & Roy Now Airing Weekends on CPTV PBS Kids 24/7|url=https://cptv.org/esme-and-roy/}}</ref> |- |''[[The Not-Too-Late Show with Elmo]]''<sup>1</sup> |February 10, 2023 |May 10, 2024 |{{refn|gproup=note|name=PK|Exclusive to PBS Kids 24/7.}} <ref name="elmo1">{{cite web |title=PBS Kids {{!}} TV Schedules - AZPM |url=https://tv.azpm.org/schedules/kuatkids/2023/02/10/ |website=tv.azpm.org |access-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510223219/https://tv.azpm.org/schedules/kuatkids/2023/02/10/ |archive-date=10 May 2024}}</ref><ref name="elmo2">{{cite web |title=PBS Kids {{!}} TV Schedules - AZPM |url=https://tv.azpm.org/schedules/kuatkids/2024/05/10/ |website=tv.azpm.org |access-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510223020/https://tv.azpm.org/schedules/kuatkids/2024/05/10/ |archive-date=10 May 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Mecha Builders]]'' |May 13, 2024 |April 30, 2025 |{{refn|group=note|name=PK|Exclusive to PBS Kids 24/7.}} <ref name="may2024">{{cite web |title=PBS KIDS on Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/C6hQr0WsBlq |website=www.instagram.com |access-date=10 May 2024 |date=3 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mecha Builders |url=https://www.tpt.org/mecha-builders/ |website=Twin Cities PBS |access-date=24 April 2024 |language=en |date=23 April 2024}}</ref> |} ====Programming from American Public Television==== The following programs were distributed by [[American Public Television]], not PBS itself. These programs were broadcast by select local PBS stations. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[The Huggabug Club]]'' |January 2, 1995 |July 28, 2000 | |- |''[[The Big Comfy Couch]]'' |January 9, 1995 |May 24, 2009 | |- |''Someday School'' |1998 |May 31, 2001 | |- |''[[Adventures with Kanga Roddy]]'' |April 4, 1999 |March 4, 2001 | |- |''Wish*A*Roo Park'' |June 6, 1999 |June 5, 2001 | |- |''[[Hello Mrs. Cherrywinkle]]'' |July 12, 1999 |September 6, 2001 | |- |''[[The Dooley and Pals Show]]'' |April 3, 2000 |June 5, 2003 | |- |''Alef...Bet...Blast-Off!'' |September 3, 2000 |September 2, 2009 | |- |''[[Redwall (TV series)|Redwall]]'' |April 1, 2001 |2006 |<ref>{{cite web |author1=Karen Everhart Bedford |title="Redwall," not for littlest kids |url=https://current.org/wp-content/uploads/archive-site/ch/ch0106redwall.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625033633/https://current.org/wp-content/uploads/archive-site/ch/ch0106redwall.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 25, 2020 |website=current.org |access-date=7 January 2024 |date=26 March 2001 }}</ref> |- |''[[The Toy Castle]]'' |2002 |2005 | |- |''[[Real Wheels]]'' |2003 |2004 | |- |''[[The Shapies]]'' |2004 |2006 | |- |''[[My Bedbugs]]'' |March 1, 2004 |November 2, 2005 | |- |''Mustard Pancakes'' |2005 |2007 | |- |''[[Auto-B-Good]]'' |January 17, 2005 |December 23, 2005 | |- |''[[Ribert and Robert's Wonderworld]]'' |September 4, 2005 |2016 | |- |''[[The Zula Patrol]]'' |September 10, 2005 |2022 |- |''[[Danger Rangers]]'' |September 5, 2005 |December 26, 2006 | |- |''[[Signing Time!]]'' |January 1, 2006 |January 19, 2008 | |- |''[[Sheira & Loli's Dittydoodle Works]]'' |April 22, 2006 |February 22, 2009 | |- |''[[SeeMore's Playhouse]]'' |September 10, 2006 |January 15, 2008 | |- |''[[The Saddle Club]]'' |September 3, 2006 |September 6, 2012 |<ref>{{cite web |title=SADDLE CLUB, THE American Public Television |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/SADDLE+CLUB+THE |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=9 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911193536/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/SADDLE+CLUB+THE |archive-date=11 September 2012}}</ref> |- |''[[Raggs]]'' |February 4, 2008 |February 18, 2009 | |- |''[[Wunderkind Little Amadeus]]'' |September 7, 2008 |September 6, 2020 | |- |''[[Scientastic!]]'' |September 2, 2010 |2014 | |- |''[[Bali (TV series)|Bali]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 12, 2010 |2021 | |- |''Wild Animal Baby Explorers'' |October 3, 2010 |June 29, 2014 | |- |''[[Space Racers]]'' |May 2, 2014 |October 31, 2016 |{{refn|group=note|name=space|Premieres moved to [[Universal Kids]] in 2016.}} <ref>{{cite web |title='Space Racers' to Premiere on Public Television this Spring |access-date=July 14, 2014 |publisher=Animation Magazine |author=Ramin Zahed |date=October 25, 2013 |url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/space-racers-premiere-public-television-spring}}</ref> |- |''Thomas Edison's Secret Lab'' |September 7, 2015 |2019 | |- |''[[Bug Bites (2016 TV series)|Bug Bites]]'' |January 4, 2016 |2018 | |- |''Ruby's Studio'' |January 7, 2016 |2021 | |- |''[[Mack & Moxy]]'' |February 5, 2016 |February 16, 2020 | |- |''Blue Chip Kids'' |March 1, 2017 |2021 | |} ====Acquired programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Newton's Apple]]'' |October 15, 1983 |October 31, 1999 | |- |''[[Mark Kistler's Imagination Station]]'' |October 14, 1991 |July 10, 1998 |{{refn|group=note|name=kistler|Reboot series began airing in 2009.}} |- |''The Eddie Files'' |1995 |2000 | |- |''Ricky's Room'' |1999 |2000 | |- |''[[Mary Lou's Flip Flop Shop]]'' |August 25, 2002 |September 22, 2002 |{{refn|group=note|name=ffs|Reruns aired on the PBS HD Channel from 2004 to 2007.}} |- |''[[MythQuest]]'' |2002 |2004 | |- |''[[Curiosity Quest]]'' |July 16, 2004 |2021 |{{refn|group=note|name=NETA|Syndicated to public television stations by the National Educational Telecommunications Association.}} |- |''[[Nanalan']]'' |July 2006 |2013 |<ref>{{cite web |title=PBS Pressroom - NANALAN' |url=http://pressroom.pbs.org/programs/nanalan |access-date=16 January 2024 |date=6 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071106030906/http://pressroom.pbs.org/programs/nanalan |archive-date=November 6, 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=nineMagazine - July/August 2013 by Nine PBS - Issuu |url=https://issuu.com/nine_magazine/docs/ninemag_septoct2013 |website=issuu.com |access-date=16 January 2024 |language=en |date=27 August 2013}}</ref> |- |''[[Miffy and Friends]]'' |2007 |2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=WLIW|Syndicated to public television stations by WLIW.}} |- |''[[Shalom Sesame]]'' |October 5, 2010 |October 11, 2011 | |- |''Kids for Positive Change'' |July 1, 2021 |June 30, 2024 |{{refn|group=note|name=NETA}} |} ====Interstitial programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''Dash's Game of the Day'' |September 4, 2006 |May 16, 2008 | |- |''Dot's Story Factory'' |September 3, 2007 |October 4, 2013 | |- |''Dash's Secret Treasure'' |rowspan=2|May 19, 2008 |rowspan=3|July 18, 2022 | |- |''Music Time with [[Steve Roslonek|SteveSongs]]'' | |- |''Dash's Dance Party'' |rowspan=2|September 7, 2009 | |- |''Adventures with Hooper'' |September 3, 2010 | |- |''Coach Hooper'' |rowspan=3|September 6, 2010 |rowspan=3|2020 | |- |''PBS Kids Field Trip'' | |- |''Where in the World is Hooper?'' | |- |''PBS Kids Spotlight'' |January 15, 2016 |July 18, 2022 | |} ====Short-form programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[The Amazing Colossal Adventures of WordGirl]]'' |November 10, 2006 |October 10, 2007 |<ref>{{cite web |title=PBS Expands Vocabulary with Wordgirl |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2006/11/pbs-expands-vocabulary-with-wordgirl/ |publisher=Animation Magazine |access-date=15 March 2023 |date=8 November 2006}}</ref> |- |''[[Pocoyo]]'' |January 4, 2010 |December 26, 2021 |{{refn|group=note|name=pocoyo|''Pocoyo'' was distributed to local PBS stations by [[American Public Television]] from January 4, 2010 through January 3, 2018, and it was aired in the same half-hour timeslot alongside ''Peep and the Big Wide World''; later reruns aired on PBS Kids 24/7 from January 1, 2018 through December 26, 2021.}}<ref name="peep/pocoyo">{{cite web |title=PEEP AND THE BIG WIDE WORLD II/POCOYO {{!}} American Public Television |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/PEEP+AND+THE+BIG+WIDE+WORLD+II+POCOYO |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910074428/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/PEEP+AND+THE+BIG+WIDE+WORLD+II+POCOYO |archive-date=10 September 2015}}</ref> |} ====Blocks==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Block title !Launch date !End date !Source(s) |- |[[PBS Kids Bookworm Bunch]] |September 30, 2000 |September 5, 2004 | |- |[[PBS Kids Go!]] |October 11, 2004 |rowspan=2|October 7, 2013 | |- |PBS Kids Preschool Block |September 4, 2006 | |} ==Special programming== Programs with marked with an asterisk (*) have been featured on the Family Night weekend primetime block on PBS Kids 24/7. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Initial broadcast date !Source(s) |- |''[[Noddy (TV series)|Noddy: Anything Can Happen At Christmas]]'' |December 6, 1998 | |- |''[[Zoom (1999 TV series)|Party with Zoom]]'' |1999 | |- |''[[Arthur's Perfect Christmas]]''* |November 23, 2000 | |- |''[[Zoom (1999 TV series)|Zoom: America's Kids Respond]]'' |September 20, 2001 |<ref>{{cite web |title=PBS Children's Series Offers Kids Ideas for Coping with the Aftermath of the Attacks On America |website=[[PBS]] |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-childrens-series-offers-kids-ideas-for-coping-with-the-aftermath-of-the-attacks-on-america-september-20-2001/ |access-date=12 March 2023 }}</ref> |- |''[[Barney & Friends|Barney's Christmas Star]]'' | rowspan="2" |2002 | |- |''[[Elmo's World|Elmo's World: Happy Holidays!]]'' | |- |''[[List of Arthur episodes#Specials|Arthur, It's Only Rock 'n' Roll]]'' |September 1, 2002 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fiasco |first1=Lance |title=The Backstreet Boys To Make Their Animated 'Arthur' Debut |url=https://idobi.com/news/the-backstreet-boys-to-make-their-animated-arthur-debut/ |website=idobi |access-date=15 September 2024 |date=29 July 2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Idaho PTV Program Listing - September 2002 Schedule |url=http://www.idahoptv.org/what/channels/Sep02/Sep.html#1 |website=idahoptv.org |access-date=15 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020914044129/http://www.idahoptv.org/what/channels/Sep02/Sep.html#1 |archive-date=2002-09-14 |date=14 September 2002}}</ref> |- |[[Zoom (1999 TV series)|''Zoom: America's Kids Remember'']] |September 8, 2002 | |- |''[[Bob the Builder|Bob the Builder Snowed Under: The Bobblesberg Winter Games]]'' |December 17, 2005 | |- |''[[Arthur's Missing Pal]]'' |August 18, 2007 | |- |''[[Panwapa]]'' |2008 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Station Signals: WXXI Program Guide September 2008 |url=https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/30900371/september-2008-wxxi |website=yumpu.com |publisher=WXXI |access-date=5 July 2023 |page=19 |language=en |date=September 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=WBGU-PBS KIDS Shows |url=http://wbgu.org/kids/shows |publisher=WBGU |access-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724022723/http://wbgu.org/kids/shows |archive-date=24 July 2008}}</ref> |- |''[[Abby in Wonderland]]'' |November 28, 2008 | |- |''[[Curious George: A Very Monkey Christmas]]''* |November 25, 2009 |<ref name="cgxmas">{{cite web |title=MONKEY AROUND THE CHRISTMAS TREE THIS HOLIDAY SEASON! FIRST EVER CURIOUS GEORGE® HOLIDAY SPECIAL A VERY MONKEY CHRISTMAS PREMIERES NOVEMBER 25TH ON PBS KIDS® |url=http://streams.wgbh.org/online/pressroom/2009_10/CuriousGeorge_MonkeyChristmas.pdf |publisher=WGBH |access-date=14 March 2023 |date=27 October 2009}}</ref> |- |''[[Curious George (film)|Curious George]]'' |rowspan=2|November 23, 2011 | |- |''[[Curious George 2: Follow That Monkey!]]''* | |- |''[[List of WordGirl episodes#WordGirl%3 The Rise of Miss Power|WordGirl: The Rise of Miss Power]]''* |February 20, 2012 | |- |''[[The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!|The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About Christmas!]]''* |November 21, 2012 |<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wolfe|first1=Jennifer|title=PBS Kids Announces 'Cat in the Hat' Christmas Special |url=https://www.awn.com/news/pbs-kids-announces-cat-hat-christmas-special |publisher=Animation World Network |access-date=18 March 2023 |date=2 November 2012}}</ref> |- |''[[Clifford's Really Big Movie]]'' |December 14, 2012 |<ref>{{cite web |title='CLIFFORD'S REALLY BIG MOVIE" PREMIERS ON PBS KIDS |url=http://mediaroom.scholastic.com/press-release/cliffords-really-big-movie-premiers-pbs-kids |publisher=Scholastic |access-date=18 March 2023 |date=19 November 2012}}</ref> |- |''[[Sid the Science Kid#Sid the Science Kid: The Movie (2013)|Sid the Science Kid: The Movie]]''* |March 25, 2013 | |- |''[[List of Curious George episodes#Specials|Curious George Swings Into Spring]]''* |April 22, 2013 | |- |''[[List of Curious George episodes#Specials|Curious George: A Halloween Boo Fest]]''* |October 28, 2013 | |- |''[[Elmo's Christmas Countdown]]'' |November 27, 2013 | |- |''[[List of Cyberchase episodes#Season 9 (2013–14)|The Cyberchase Movie]]'' |April 15, 2014 | |- |''[[The Cookie Thief]]''* |February 16, 2015 |<ref>{{cite web|last1=Steinberg|first1=Brian|title=Cookie Monster Gets First Special on PBS' Kids Lineup| date=January 19, 2015 |url=https://variety.com/2015/tv/news/cookie-monster-gets-first-special-on-pbs-kids-lineup-1201408785/|publisher=Variety|access-date=October 17, 2015}}</ref> |- |''[[Curious George 3: Back to the Jungle]]''* |August 17, 2015 | |- |''[[List of Wild Kratts episodes#Season 4 (2015–17)|Wild Kratts: A Creature Christmas]]''* |November 25, 2015 | |- |''[[The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!|The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About Camping!]]''* |July 25, 2016 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Dr. Seuss on Facebook |website=[[Facebook]] |url=https://www.facebook.com/Dr.Seuss/posts/calling-all-campers-join-the-cat-in-the-hat-on-a-fun-and-frenzied-outdoor-advent/10155167750907195/ |access-date=18 March 2023 |date=25 July 2016}}</ref> |- |''[[List of Odd Squad episodes#Odd Squad: The Movie (2016)|Odd Squad: The Movie]]''* |August 1, 2016 | |- |''[[The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!|The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About Halloween!]]''* |October 28, 2016 |<ref>{{cite web|last1=Milligan|first1=Mercedes|title=PBS KIDS Gets Animated for Halloween |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2016/10/pbs-kids-gets-animated-for-halloween/ |publisher=Animation Magazine |access-date=18 March 2023 |date=3 October 2016}}</ref> |- |''[[List of Wild Kratts episodes#Season 4 (2015–17)|Wild Kratts: Creatures of the Deep Sea]]''* |November 23, 2016 | |- |''[[The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!|The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About Space!]]''* |December 26, 2016 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Kids Newsletter December 2016 |url=https://www.myarkansaspbs.org/kids/newsletter/december2016 |publisher=[[Arkansas PBS|AETN]] |access-date=18 March 2023 |date=December 2016}}</ref> |- |''[[Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood|Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood: A Tiger Family Trip]]''* |May 8, 2017 | |- |''[[List of Ready Jet Go! episodes#Films|Ready Jet Go!: Back to Bortron 7]]''* |August 14, 2017 | |- |''[[List of Arthur episodes#Specials|Arthur: D.W. and the Beastly Birthday]]''* |May 29, 2017 | |- |''[[List of Wild Kratts episodes#Season 5 (2017–19)|Wild Kratts Alaska: Hero's Journey]]''* |July 24, 2017 | |- |''Wild Alaska Live''* |July 29, 2017 | |- |''[[List of Arthur episodes#Specials|Arthur and the Haunted Tree House]]''* |October 23, 2017 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Halloween Comes to PBS KIDS with New Programming, Games and Activities for the Entire Family |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/halloween-comes-to-pbs-kids-with-new-programming-games-and-activities-for-the-entire-family/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=18 March 2023 |date=28 September 2017}}</ref> |- |''[[Once Upon a Sesame Street Christmas]]''* |November 22, 2017 |<ref>{{cite web |title=CPTV Parents E-Newsletter |url=https://cptv.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/CPTV-Parents-E-Newsletter_November-2017_Thanksgiving-Edition.pdf |publisher=CPTV |access-date=14 March 2023 |date=1 November 2017}}</ref> |- |''[[The Gruffalo]]''* |rowspan=4|December 1, 2017 | |- |''[[The Gruffalo's Child]]''* | |- |''[[Stick Man]]''* | |- |''[[Room on the Broom]]''* | |- |''[[List of Odd Squad episodes#Odd Squad: World Turned Odd (2018)|Odd Squad: World Turned Odd]]''* |January 15, 2018 | |- |''[[List of Nature Cat episodes#Specials|Nature Cat: The Return of Bad Dog Bart]]''* |July 16, 2018 | |- |''[[Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood|The Daniel Tiger Movie: Won't You Be My Neighbor?]]''* |September 17, 2018 | |- |''[[Magic Light Pictures|The Highway Rat]]''* |December 7, 2018 | |- |''[[Let's Go Luna!#Special (2018)|Let's Go Luna!: Luna's Christmas Around the World]]''* |December 10, 2018 | |- |''[[List of Odd Squad episodes#Odd Squad: Odds and Ends (2019)|Odd Squad: Odds and Ends]]''* |January 21, 2019 | |- |''[[List of Sesame Street episodes#Specials|The Magical Wand Chase: A Sesame Street Special]]''* |March 25, 2019 | |- |''[[List of Cyberchase episodes#Season 12 (2019–20)|Cyberchase: Space Waste Odyssey]]''* |April 19, 2019 | |- |''[[List of Ready Jet Go! episodes#Films|Ready Jet Go!: One Small Step]]''* |June 17, 2019 | |- |''[[Pinkalicious & Peterrific#Specials|Pinkalicious and Peterrific: A Pinkaperfect Birthday]]''* |August 5, 2019 | |- |''[[List of Nature Cat episodes#Specials|Nature Cat: A Nature Carol]]''* |November 29, 2019 | |- |''[[List of Arthur episodes#Specials|Rhythm and Roots of Arthur]]''* |January 20, 2020 | |- |''[[List of Odd Squad episodes#Odd Squad: Odd Beginnings (2020)|Odd Squad: Odd Beginnings]]''* |February 17, 2020 | |- |''[[Xavier_Riddle_and_the_Secret_Museum#Xavier_Riddle_and_the_Secret_Movie:_I_Am_Madam_President|Xavier Riddle and the Secret Movie: I Am Madam President]]''* |March 16, 2020 | |- |''[[Sesame Street: Elmo's Playdate]]'' |April 14, 2020 |<ref name=playdate>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sesameworkshop.org/press-room/press-releases/primetime-special-sesame-street-elmos-playdate-offer-families-connection|title=Primetime Special 'Sesame Street: Elmo's Playdate' to Offer Families Connection in Challenging Times|date=2020-04-08|website=[[Sesame Workshop]]|language=en|access-date=2020-04-25}}</ref> |- |''[[List of Wild Kratts episodes#Season 6 (2019–2021)|Wild Kratts: Amazin' Amazon Adventure]]''* |April 20, 2020 | |- |''[[When You Wish Upon A Pickle: A Sesame Street Special]]''* |July 13, 2020 | |- |''[[Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood|Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood Won't You Sing Along with Me?]]''* |August 17, 2020 | |- |''PBS Kids Talk About: Race and Racism''* |October 9, 2020 | |- |''[[Sesame Street|The Power of We: A Sesame Street Special]]''* |October 15, 2020 |<ref name=powerofwe>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sesameworkshop.org/press-room/press-releases/power-we-sesame-street-special-debuts-thursday-october-15-help-children|title='The Power of We: A Sesame Street Special' Debuts on Thursday, October 15, To Help Children Stand Up To Racism|date=2020-10-08|website=[[Sesame Workshop]]|language=en|access-date=2023-03-14}}</ref> |- |''[[List of Arthur episodes#Specials|An Arthur Thanksgiving]]''* |November 16, 2020 | |- |''[[Pinkalicious & Peterrific#Specials|Pinkalicious and Peterrific: Cupid Calls It Quits]]''* |February 8, 2021 | |- |''[[Dinosaur Train|Dinosaur Train: Adventure Island]]''* |April 12, 2021 | |- |''[[Molly of Denali|Molly of Denali: Molly and the Great One]]''* |June 7, 2021 | |- |''[[List of Wild Kratts episodes#Season 6 (2019–2021)|Wild Kratts: Cats and Dogs]]''* |July 12, 2021 | |- |''[[List of Arthur episodes#Specials|Arthur's First Day]]''* |September 6, 2021 | |- |''[[Sesame Street|See Us Coming Together: A Sesame Street Special]]''* |November 25, 2021 | |- |''[[The Monster at the End of This Book: Starring Lovable, Furry Old Grover#Sequels and adaptations|Sesame Street: The Monster at the End of This Story]]''* |March 7, 2022 | |- |''[[Elinor Wonders Why|Elinor Wonders Why: A Wonderful Journey]]''* |April 18, 2022 | |- |''[[Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood|Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood: Daniel Visits a New Neighborhood]]''* |June 20, 2022 | |- |''[[Curious George (franchise)|Curious George 4: Royal Monkey]]''* | rowspan="2" |July 1, 2022 | |- |''[[Curious George (franchise)|Curious George 5: Go West, Go Wild]]''* | |- |''[[Sesame Street|Sesame Street: Furry Friends Forever: Elmo Gets a Puppy]]''* |March 13, 2023 | |- |''[[List of Ready Jet Go! episodes#Films|Ready Jet Go!: Space Camp]]''* |July 20, 2023 | |- |''[[Sesame Street|Sesame Street: The Nutcracker: Starring Elmo & Tango]]''* |December 2, 2023 | |- |''[[Tad Hills|Rocket Saves the Day]]''* |December 26, 2023 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Whittock |first1=Jesse |title=PBS Kids Takes Off With TV Movie 'Rocket Saves The Day' |url=https://deadline.com/2023/09/pbs-kids-tv-movie-rocket-saves-the-day-thunderbird-entertainment-1235557216/ |website=Deadline |access-date=7 January 2024 |date=28 September 2023}}</ref> |- |''[[Wild Kratts|Wild Kratts: Our Blue and Green World]]''* |April 1, 2024 |<ref name="apr24">{{cite web |author1=PBS Publicity |title=PBS KIDS Kicks Off Spring with a Slate of New Content for the Whole Family |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-kicks-off-spring-with-a-slate-of-new-content-for-the-whole-family/ |website=About PBS - Main |access-date=24 April 2024 |location=Arlington, VA |language=en |date=21 February 2024}}</ref><ref name="apr24a">{{cite web |title=More Spring Fun with LPB and PBS KIDS! |url=https://www.lpb.org/newsletters/parent-newsletter-apr2024 |website=Louisiana Public Broadcasting |access-date=24 April 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Nature Cat|Nature Cat’s Nature Movie Special Extraordinaire]]'' |April 22, 2024 |<ref name="apr24"/><ref name="apr24a"/> |- |''[[The Okee Dokee Brothers|Brambletown]]''* |July 26, 2024 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nelson |first1=Dustin |title=Family music duo, The Okee Dokee Brothers, bring new film to PBS |url=https://bringmethenews.com/minnesota-lifestyle/family-music-duo-the-okee-dokee-brothers-bring-new-film-to-pbs |website=Bring Me The News |access-date=27 July 2024 |language=en |date=22 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Starks |first1=Tiara |title=Joe Mailander of The Okee Dokee Brothers on creating PBS KIDS' Brambletown, making music, and myths |url=https://theparentwatch.com/posts/joe-mailander-the-okee-dokee-brothers-brambletown-01j15d06pjh7 |website=The Parent Watch |access-date=27 July 2024 |date=26 July 2024}}</ref> |- |''Mystery League''* |March 22, 2025 |<ref name="mysteryleague">{{cite web |title=Mystery League |url=https://pw.myersinfosys.com/wosu/airlist/34.4/959334/detail |website=pw.myersinfosys.com |access-date=9 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250109230041/https://pw.myersinfosys.com/wosu/airlist/34.4/959334/detail |archive-date=9 January 2025 |date=9 January 2025}}</ref> |- |''Acoustic Rooster and His Barnyard Band'' |May 1, 2025 |<ref name="rooster">{{cite press release|title=PBS KIDS to Debut ACOUSTIC ROOSTER, Based on Bestselling Author Kwame Alexander's Children's Book|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-to-debut-acoustic-rooster-based-on-bestselling-author-kwame-alexanders-childrens-book/|website=[[PBS]]|access-date=24 February 2025|date=24 February 2025}}</ref> |} ===Special programming from American Public Television=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Initial broadcast date !Source(s) |- |''[[Davy Jones' Locker]]'' |November 1, 1997 | |- |''[[Barney's Great Adventure]]'' |October 1, 2000 | |- |''[[Redwall (TV series)|The Redwall Movie]]'' |c. 2002 |<ref name="apt2002">{{cite web |title=APT DOMESTIC CATALOG |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/bpt?OpenView&Start=1&Count=30&Expand=6#6 |access-date=7 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021128103250/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/bpt?OpenView&Start=1&Count=30&Expand=6#6 |archive-date=28 November 2002 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[The Star of Christmas|VeggieTales: The Star of Christmas]]'' |December 23, 2002 |<ref name="apt2002"/> |- |''[[Duke and the Great Pie War|VeggieTales: Duke and the Great Pie War]]'' |April 1, 2005 |<ref>{{cite web |title=VEGGIETALES: DUKE AND THE GREAT PIE WAR |url=http://www.aptonline.org:80/catalog.nsf/vTitle/VEGGIETALES:+DUKE+AND+THE+GREAT+PIE+WAR |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=7 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050305095835/http://www.aptonline.org:80/catalog.nsf/vTitle/VEGGIETALES:+DUKE+AND+THE+GREAT+PIE+WAR |archive-date=5 March 2005 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[Heidi 4 Paws|Heidi 4 Paws: A Furry Tale]]'' |November 23, 2008 |<ref>{{cite web |title=WTTW NATIONAL PRODUCTIONS PRESENTS HEIDI 4 PAWS: A FURRY TALE |url=https://www.wttw.com/main.taf?p=7,4,1,1,1,50 |access-date=12 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091006000446/https://www.wttw.com/main.taf?p=7,4,1,1,1,50 |archive-date=6 October 2009}}</ref> |- |''Science Mission 101'' |February 1, 2010 | |- |''[[Biz Kids]]: Three Minutes to Change the World'' |May 20, 2012 |<ref>{{cite web |title=BIZ KID$ -- THREE MINUTES TO CHANGE THE WORLD American Public Television |url=http://aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/BIZ+KID+--+THREE+MINUTES+TO+CHANGE+THE+WORLD |website=aptonline.org |access-date=31 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120526235909/http://aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/BIZ+KID+--+THREE+MINUTES+TO+CHANGE+THE+WORLD |archive-date=26 May 2012 |date=26 May 2012}}</ref> |- |''Lost Treasure Hunt'' |October 1, 2014 | |} ===Acquired special programming=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Initial broadcast date !Source(s) |- |''[[A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving]]'' |November 22, 2020 |{{refn|group=note|name=acbt|Aired twice (November 22, 2020 and November 21, 2021) on PBS and PBS Kids 24/7.}}<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=November 19, 2020 |title=Apple & PBS Team Up For Broadcasts of "A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving" & "A Charlie Brown Christmas" |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/apple-pbs-team-up-for-broadcasts-of-a-charlie-brown-thanksgiving-a-charlie-brown-christmas/ |work=[[PBS]]}}</ref> |- |''[[A Charlie Brown Christmas]]'' |December 13, 2020 |{{refn|group=note|name=acbc|Aired twice (December 13, 2020 and December 19, 2021) on PBS and PBS Kids 24/7.}}<ref name="auto1"/> |- |''[[It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown]]'' |October 24, 2021 |{{refn|group=note|name=itgpcb|Aired only once (October 24, 2021) on PBS and PBS Kids 24/7.}}<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |title=It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown Will Not Air on Broadcast TV This Year |url=https://comicbook.com/horror/news/charlie-brown-great-pumpkin-halloween-streaming-apple-tv-plus/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=Horror |date=October 11, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> |- |''MeteoHeroes: The Adventure Begins - Earth Day Special'' |April 22, 2022 |{{refn|group=note|name=KVIE|Syndicated to public television stations by KVIE.}}<ref name="meteo">{{cite web |date=May 1, 2022|title=MeteoHeroes Premieres on PBS on Earth Day and Inspires New Environmental Awards|url=https://www.anbmedia.com/news/2022/05/meteoheroes-pbs-earth-day/ |work=aNb Media}}</ref> |} ==Web-exclusive programming== The following programming is exclusive to PBS Kids web-based platforms, such as the PBS Kids website, PBS Kids Video app, and other streaming platforms. This content is not broadcast by PBS Kids and has never been aired on television. * <sup>1</sup> Co-distributed by [[Amazon Prime Video]], the official streaming partner for PBS Kids programming.<ref name="pbs.org"/> ===Short-form programming=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Release date !End date !Source(s) |- |''Wilson & Ditch: Digging America'' |Fall 2009 |2018 |<ref>{{cite web |title='WILSON & DITCH: DIGGING AMERICA' NEW PBS CHILDREN'S WEB-ONLY SOCIAL STUDIES SERIES ON PBSKIDSGO.ORG THIS FALL (August 2, 2009) |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/wilson-ditch-digging-america-new-pbs-childrens-web-only-social-studies-series-on-pbskidsgoorg-this-fall-august-2-2009/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=15 March 2023 |date=2 August 2009}}</ref> |- |''Fizzy's Lunch Lab'' |November 16, 2009 |February 2021 |<ref>{{cite web |title=LAUGHTER IS THE KEY INGREDIENT IN FIZZY'S LUNCH LAB," A NEW HEALTH-THEMED WEB-ONLY PROPERTY LAUNCHING NOVEMBER 16 ON PBSKIDSGO.ORG |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/laughter-is-the-key-ingredient-in-fizzys-lunch-lab-a-new-health-themed-web-only-property-launching-november-16-on-pbskidsgoorg-september-30-2009/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=15 March 2023 |date=30 September 2009}}</ref> |- |''Chuck Vanderchuck's "Something Something" Explosion'' |2011 |2018 |<ref name="2011web"/> |- |''Plum Landing''<sup>1</sup> |April 22, 2014 | rowspan="10" |present |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Longwell |first1=Todd |title=PBS Kids explores Earth with cross-platform environmental series |url=https://kidscreen.com/2014/04/22/pbs-kids-explores-earth-with-cross-platform-environmental-series/ |website=Kidscreen |access-date=4 May 2024 |date=22 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PBS KIDS Debuts New Web-original Property and Free App: PLUM LANDING |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-debuts-new-web-original-property-and-free-app-plum-landing/ |website=About PBS - Main |access-date=4 May 2024 |language=en |date=22 April 2014}}</ref> |- |''[[Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman#Ruff Ruffman: Humble Media Genius|Ruff Ruffman: Humble Media Genius]]'' |November 26, 2014 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wgbhkids.com/ruff-ruffman-humble-media-genius/|title=Ruff Ruffman|date=15 May 2014}}</ref> |- |''[[The Ruff Ruffman Show]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 28, 2017 |<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-announces-the-return-of-fan-favorite-with-new-digital-series-the-ruff-ruffman-show/ PBS KIDS Announces the Return of Fan Favorite with New Digital Series: THE RUFF RUFFMAN SHOW. "PBS.org"]. Accessed November 20, 2017.</ref> |- |''PBS Kids Talk About'' |2018 | |- |''Scribbles and Ink''<sup>1</sup> |December 16, 2019 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roettgers |first1=Janko |title=PBS Kids Launches Interactive Online Series 'Scribbles and Ink' |url=https://variety.com/2019/digital/news/pbs-kids-scribbles-ink-interactive-series-1203445850/ |website=Variety |access-date=4 May 2024 |date=17 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Scribbles & Ink |url=https://www.globalmechanic.com/news/view/scribbles-and-ink |website=Global Mechanic |access-date=4 May 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Fetch!_with_Ruff_Ruffman#Team_Hamster!|Team Hamster]]'' |December 28, 2020 |- |''Search It Up!'' |2020 | |- |''Mega Wow!'' |2021 |<ref>{{cite web |title=PBS KIDS Mega Wow will make you say Mega. Wow. |url=https://www.sisbro.com/news-blog/2021/9/9/pbs-kids-mega-wow-will-make-you-say-mega-wow |website=Sisbro Studios |access-date=4 May 2024 |date=9 September 2021}}</ref> |- |''Tiny Time Travel'' |March 15, 2024 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Eakin |first1=Marah |title='Tiny Time Travel' shorts help kids learn emotional literacy |url=https://current.org/2024/03/tiny-time-travel-shorts-help-kids-learn-emotional-literacy/ |website=Current |access-date=4 May 2024 |date=26 March 2024}}</ref> |} ===Podcasts=== *''[[Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman]]'' Podcast (May 22, 2007−September 19, 2010)<ref>{{cite web |title=FETCH! . Podcasts . PBS KIDS GO! |url=http://pbskids.org/fetch/show/podcasts.html |website=pbskids.org |access-date=4 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923144051/http://pbskids.org/fetch/show/podcasts.html |archive-date=23 September 2010 |date=23 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=FETCH! with Ruff Ruffman . Podcast . PBS KIDS GO! |url=https://podbay.fm/p/fetch-with-ruff-ruffman-podcast-or-pbs-kids-go |website=podbay.fm |access-date=4 May 2024}}</ref> *''[[Molly of Denali|Molly of Denali Podcast]]'' (May 30, 2019−April 21, 2021) *''[[Pinkalicious & Peterrific|The Pinkalicious & Peterrific Podcast]] ''(October 28, 2020−March 13, 2025) *''[[Odd Squad|Odd Squadcast]]'' (December 2, 2020−December 30, 2020) *''[[Arthur|The Arthur Podcast]]'' (October 20, 2022−December 14, 2023) *''Keyshawn Solves It'' (May 29, 2023−June 19, 2023) *''[[123 Andrés|Jamming on the Job]]'' (September 14, 2023−present) *''[[Work It Out Wombats!|Work It Out Wombats! Podcast]]'' (January 4, 2024−present) *''[[Lyla in the Loop|Lyla’s Loopcast]] '' (May 8, 2025-present) == Notes == {{reflist|group=note}} ==References== {{reflist}} {{PBS Kids shows}}{{DEFAULTSORT:List of programs broadcast by PBS Kidso}} [[Category:PBS Kids|*]] [[Category:Lists of television series by network|PBS Kids]] 99ejcmne475tv7w22o0plk0gpgebchs 10369480 10369450 2025-07-03T11:46:32Z 174.70.123.64 /* Original programming */ 10369480 wikitext text/x-wiki The following is a list of [[television program]]s that are being [[Broadcasting|broadcast]] or have been broadcast in the past on [[Public broadcasting|public television]] in the [[United States]] on the [[PBS Kids]] [[television channel]] (the original channel and its [[revival]]) and the PBS Kids [[Programming block|block]] on local [[PBS]] [[Television station|stations]]. ==Current programming== * <sup>1</sup> Co-distributed by [[Amazon Prime Video]], the official streaming partner for PBS Kids programming.<ref name="pbs.org">{{cite web |title=Amazon Prime Video Is now the Exclusive Premium Subscription Streaming Home for Family-Favorite PBS KIDS Series |website=[[PBS]] |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/amazon-prime-video-is-now-the-exclusive-premium-subscription-streaming-home-for-family-favorite-pbs-kids-series/ |access-date=12 March 2023}}</ref> * <sup>2</sup> Co-distributed on the PBS Retro streaming channel. ===Original programming=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''[[Mister Rogers' Neighborhood]]''<sup>1</sup> <sup>2</sup> |February 19, 1968 |{{refn|group=note|name=mrn|National runs ended when spinoff series ''[[Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood]]'' began airing on September 3, 2012, but reruns of select episodes have since returned as of June 10, 2017 (PBS) and temporarily October 8, 2022 through February 5, 2023 (PBS Kids 24/7).}}{{refn|group=note|name=pbsretro|Reruns began streaming on the PBS Retro channel on April 23, 2024.}} |- |''[[Sesame Street]]'' |November 10, 1969 |{{refn|group=note|name=ss|''Sesame Street'' was notably absent from PBS Kids 24/7 until the channel relaunched on January 16, 2017 due to conflicting cable broadcast rights with [[Noggin (brand)|Noggin]] and [[Sesame Workshop|Children's Television Workshop]]. <br/> Premieres moved to [[HBO]] in 2016 and [[HBO Max]] in 2020, but ''Sesame Street'' has aired consistently on public television in some capacity since its original debut.}} |- |''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]''<sup>1</sup> |October 7, 1996 | |- |''[[Cyberchase]]''<sup>1</sup> |January 21, 2002 | |- |''[[Curious George (TV series)|Curious George]]'' |September 4, 2006 |{{refn|group=note|name=cg|''Curious George'' was notably absent from PBS Kids 24/7 until October 5, 2020 due to conflicting streaming rights with [[Hulu]] and [[NBCUniversal]].<br/> Premieres moved to [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]] in 2020, but ''Curious George'' has aired consistently on public television in some capacity since its original debut.}}{{Refn|group=note|name=end2024|National runs on PBS ended on September 30, 2024. Reruns continue on PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[Super Why!]]''<sup>1</sup> |rowspan=2|September 3, 2007 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2019|National runs on PBS ended on July 12, 2019. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[WordGirl]]''<sup>1</sup> |{{refn|group=note|name=end2017a|National runs on PBS ended on June 2, 2017. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and periodically on PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[Sid the Science Kid]]'' |September 1, 2008 | |- |''[[Dinosaur Train]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 7, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2024a|National runs on PBS ended on February 4, 2024. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!]]'' |September 6, 2010 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2021|National runs on PBS ended on October 1, 2021 with specials airing periodically through December 25, 2022. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[Wild Kratts]]''<sup>1</sup> |January 3, 2011 | |- |''[[Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 3, 2012 | |- |''[[Peg + Cat]]''<sup>1</sup> |October 7, 2013 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2021a|National runs on PBS ended on October 1, 2021 with specials airing periodically through December 23, 2022. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[Odd Squad (TV series)|Odd Squad]]''<sup>1</sup> |November 26, 2014 |<ref>{{cite web |title=New Live-Action Series ODD SQUAD to Premiere on PBS KIDS This November |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20140514005941/en/New-Live-Action-Series-ODD-SQUAD-to-Premiere-on-PBS-KIDS-This-November |website=www.businesswire.com |access-date=2 February 2024 |location=San Francisco, CA |language=en |date=14 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Eakin |first1=Marah |title='Odd Squad' abroad: Hit PBS Kids series expands to UK |url=https://current.org/2023/11/odd-squad-abroad-hit-pbs-kids-series-expands-to-uk/ |website=Current |access-date=2 February 2024 |date=13 November 2023 |quote=...the next season of "Odd Squad," debuting on PBS in late 2024.}}</ref><ref name="odduk">{{cite web|url=https://issuu.com/brunico-issuu/docs/kidscreen_octobernovember23|title=Sinking Ship Entertainment print ad (pages 4-7)|magazine=Kidscreen (October/November 2023)|date=October 10, 2023 }}</ref> |- |''[[Nature Cat]]''<sup>1</sup> |November 25, 2015 |<ref name=Cast>{{cite web|title=New PBS Kids Series Nature Cat Will Premiere November 25, 2015|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/new-pbs-kids-series-nature-cat-will-premiere-november-25-2015/|publisher=Public Broadcasting Service|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923090336/http://www.pbs.org/about/news/archive/2015/nature-cat-premiere/|archive-date=September 23, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |''[[Ready Jet Go!]]''<sup>1</sup> |February 15, 2016 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2023|National runs on PBS ended on February 3, 2023. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[Pinkalicious & Peterrific]]''<sup>1</sup> |February 19, 2018 |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dandelionmoms.com/2017/05/pinkalicious-peterrific-is-coming-to-pbs-kids-next-february/ |title=Pinkalicious & Peterrific is coming to PBS Kids next February! |publisher=Dandelionmoms.com |date=May 18, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017}}</ref> |- |''[[Let's Go Luna!]]''<sup>1</sup> |November 21, 2018 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2024b|National runs on PBS ended on February 4, 2024. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}}<ref name=AM>{{cite web|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/pbs-kids-gets-refreshed-ruff-ruffman-joe-murrays-luna-around-the-world/|title=PBS KIDS Gets Refreshed 'Ruff Ruffman,' Joe Murray's 'Luna Around the World'|author=Mercedes Milligan|work=[[Animation Magazine]]|date=July 31, 2017|access-date=July 23, 2018}}</ref> |- |''[[Molly of Denali]]''<sup>1</sup> |July 15, 2019 |<ref name="playback">[http://playbackonline.ca/2018/05/09/pbs-kids-orders-first-alaskan-native-series/ "PBS Kids orders animated series from Atomic Cartoons"]. ''[[Playback (magazine)|Playback]]'', May 9, 2018.</ref> |- |''[[Xavier Riddle and the Secret Museum]]''<sup>1</sup> |November 11, 2019 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-announces-new-series-xavier-riddle-and-the-secret-museum-premiering-november-11-2019/|title=PBS KIDS Announces New Series XAVIER RIDDLE AND THE SECRET MUSEUM, Premiering November 11, 2019 |publisher=[[PBS]]|access-date=February 1, 2019}}</ref> |- |''[[Clifford the Big Red Dog (2019 TV series)|Clifford the Big Red Dog]]'' (2019) |December 7, 2019 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2022|National runs on PBS ended on September 30, 2022. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}}<ref name=Milligan_June2019>{{cite web |date=June 4, 2019 |first=Mercedes |last=Milligan |title=Scholastic's New 'Clifford the Big Red Dog' Launches in December |website=Animation Magazine |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/scholastics-new-clifford-the-big-red-dog-launches-in-december/ }}</ref> |- |''[[Hero Elementary]]''<sup>1</sup> |June 1, 2020 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2023c|National runs on PBS ended on February 2, 2024. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-announces-new-series-hero-elementary-premiering-summer-2020/|title=PBS KIDS Announces New Series HERO ELEMENTARY, Premiering Summer 2020 {{!}} PBS About|website=PBS KIDS Announces New Series HERO ELEMENTARY, Premiering Summer 2020 {{!}} PBS About|access-date=2019-12-05}}</ref> |- |''[[Elinor Wonders Why]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 7, 2020 | |- |''[[Donkey Hodie (TV series)|Donkey Hodie]]''<sup>1</sup> |May 3, 2021 | |- |''[[Alma's Way]]''<sup>1</sup> |October 4, 2021 |<ref name="almasway">{{cite press release|title=New PBS Kids Series Alma's Way Premieres October 4|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/new-pbs-kids-series-almas-way-premieres-october-4/|publisher=[[PBS]]|date=August 10, 2021}}</ref> |- |''[[Rosie's Rules]]''<sup>1</sup> |October 3, 2022 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=PBS KIDS to Introduce New Series, ROSIE'S RULES, Premiering Fall 2022 |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-to-introduce-new-series-rosies-rules-premiering-fall-2022/ |website=[[PBS]]}}</ref> |- |''[[Work It Out Wombats!]]''<sup>1</sup> |February 6, 2023 |<ref name="wombats">{{cite press release|title=PBS KIDS Announces New Series, WORK IT OUT WOMBATS! Debuting Winter 2023|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-announces-new-series-work-it-out-wombats-debuting-winter-2023/|website=[[PBS]]}}</ref> |- |''[[Lyla in the Loop]]''<sup>1</sup> |February 5, 2024 |<ref name="lyla">{{cite press release|title=New PBS KIDS Series, LYLA IN THE LOOP, Launches February 5, 2024|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/new-pbs-kids-series-lyla-in-the-loop-launches-february-5-2024/|website=[[PBS]]}}</ref> |- |''[[Milo (TV series)|Milo]]''<sup>1</sup> |October 1, 2024 |{{refn|group=note|name=PK|Exclusive to PBS Kids 24/7.}}{{refn|group=note|name=milostreaming|''Milo'' was first available on PBS Kids streaming platforms and Amazon Prime Video starting on May 13, 2024.}}<ref name="may2024"/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Nordyke |first1=Kimberly |title=PBS Kids Sets Spring Slate With New Series 'Tiny Time Travel' and 'Milo,' Movies Based on 'Wild Kratts' and 'Nature Cat' (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/pbs-kids-tiny-time-travel-milo-wild-kratts-nature-cat-1235831431/ |website=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=25 February 2024 |date=21 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=EPISODES OF 'MILO' AVAILABLE IN THE UNITED STATES THIS FALL VIA PBS KIDS {{!}} DeAPlaneta Kids&Families |url=https://www.deaplanetakidsandfamily.com/en/episodes-milo-available-united-states-fall-pbs-kids |website=www.deaplanetakidsandfamily.com |access-date=1 October 2024 |date=26 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Milo Will Be Available on the PBS Kids Channel in the US, Starting October 1 |url=https://www.todotvnews.com/en/milo-will-be-available-on-the-pbs-kids-channel-in-the-us-starting-october-1/ |website=TTV News |access-date=1 October 2024 |date=26 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Milo' to be available on PBS Kids channel in USA |url=https://www.animationxpress.com/animation/kids-animated-series-milo-to-be-available-on-pbs-kids-channel-in-usa/ |website=www.animationxpress.com |access-date=1 October 2024 |date=26 September 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Carl the Collector]]''<sup>1</sup> |November 14, 2024 |<ref>{{cite web |title=CARL THE COLLECTOR, PBS KIDS' First Series Centering on an Autistic Main Character, Premieres Nov 14 |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/carl-the-collector-pbs-kids-first-series-centering-on-an-autistic-main-character-premieres-nov-14/ |website=About PBS - Main |access-date=16 July 2024 |location=Pasadena, CA |language=en |date=15 July 2024}}</ref><ref name="carl">{{cite web |last1=White |first1=Abbey |title='Carl the Collector,' PBS Kids' First Series Led by an Autistic Character, to Premiere in Fall 2024 (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/carl-the-collector-pbs-kids-2024-premiere-1235641724/ |website=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=10 November 2023 |date=9 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Amatangelo |first1=Amy |title='Carl the Collector,' a new animated PBS series, features characters with autism |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/tv/story/2024-11-14/carl-the-collector-autism-pbs-kids |website=Los Angeles Times |access-date=14 November 2024 |date=14 November 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Skillsville]]''<sup>1</sup> |March 3, 2025 |<ref name="skillsville">{{cite web |title=Skillsville |url=https://pw.myersinfosys.com/wosu/airlist/34.4/958442/detail |website=pw.myersinfosys.com |access-date=9 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250109230119/https://pw.myersinfosys.com/wosu/airlist/34.4/958442/detail |archive-date=9 January 2025 |date=9 January 2025}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{cite web|title=Department of Education Funds TPT's New Project 'Mashopolis'|url=https://www.tpt.org/post/department-education-funds-tpts-new-project-mashopolis/|publisher=[[Twin Cities Public Television]]|date=September 30, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Skillsville |url=https://sphere-media.com/en/animations/skillsville/ |website=Sphere Media Productions |access-date=1 October 2023}}</ref> |} ====Local reruns==== The following programs are currently airing on select local PBS stations only. They are no longer distributed nationally, though are still available for local stations to air independently. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !National run end date !Source(s) |- |''[[Reading Rainbow]]'' |June 6, 1983 |August 28, 2009 | |- |''[[Kratts' Creatures]]'' |June 3, 1996 |June 9, 2000 | |- |''[[Zoboomafoo]]'' |January 25, 1999 |February 1, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end1999b|Reruns ended on December 23, 2017 on selected PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Caillou]]'' |September 4, 2000 |November 13, 2015 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2000b|Reruns ended on December 31, 2020 on selected PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Clifford the Big Red Dog (2000 TV series)|Clifford the Big Red Dog]]'' (2000) |September 4, 2000 |October 2, 2022 |{{refn|group=note|name=clifford|National runs ended on May 30, 2014 (PBS) and October 2, 2022 (PBS Kids 24/7). Reruns continue on select local PBS stations only.}} |- |''[[The Berenstain Bears (2002 TV series)|The Berenstain Bears]]''<sup>1</sup> |January 6, 2003 |February 1, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=bb|National runs ended on February 1, 2009 (PBS) and September 26, 2005 (PBS Kids 24/7). Reruns continue on select local PBS stations only.}}<ref name="bbslm">{{cite press release|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-berenstain-bearsr-bring-40-years-of-literary-history-to-pbs-kids-with-premiere-of-15-minute-animated-tv-series-76827102.html|title=The Berenstain Bears(R) Bring 40 Years of Literary History to 'PBS KIDS' With Premiere of 15-Minute Animated TV Series|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822181921/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-berenstain-bearsr-bring-40-years-of-literary-history-to-pbs-kids-with-premiere-of-15-minute-animated-tv-series-76827102.html|access-date=January 22, 2021|archive-date=2017-08-22}}</ref> |- |''[[Clifford's Puppy Days]]''<sup>3</sup> <sup>4</sup> |September 15, 2003 |April 22, 2022 | |- |''[[Jakers! The Adventures of Piggley Winks]]'' |September 7, 2003 |August 31, 2008 | |- |''Peep and the Big Wide World/Pocoyo'' |April 12, 2004 |December 26, 2021 | |- |''[[Postcards from Buster]]'' |rowspan=2|October 11, 2004 |February 24, 2012 | |- |''[[Maya & Miguel]]'' |June 25, 2023 |{{refn|group=note|name=maya|National runs ended on December 31, 2010. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations only.}} |- |''[[It's a Big Big World]]'' |January 2, 2006 |April 30, 2010 | |- |''[[Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman]]'' |May 29, 2006 |September 2, 2012 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2006d|Reruns ended on August 31, 2014 on selected PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Design Squad]]'' |February 28, 2007 |March 20, 2011 | |- |''[[WordWorld]]''<sup>4</sup> <sup>5</sup> |September 3, 2007 |October 2, 2022 | |- |''[[Martha Speaks (TV series)|Martha Speaks]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 1, 2008 |October 2, 2022 |{{refn|group=note|name=martha|National runs ended on December 29, 2017 (PBS) and October 2, 2022 (PBS Kids 24/7). Reruns continue on select local PBS stations only.}} |- |''[[SciGirls]]''<sup>1</sup> |February 11, 2010 |June 23, 2023 |{{refn|group=note|name=local|Broadcasts are exclusive to select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Splash and Bubbles]]'' |November 23, 2016 |October 3, 2021 | |} ===Programming from American Public Television=== The following programs are distributed by [[American Public Television]], not PBS itself. These programs are broadcast by select local PBS stations. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''[[Biz Kid$]]'' |January 6, 2008 | |- |''Roey's Paintbox'' |February 4, 2015 | |- |''Kid Stew'' |May 1, 2018 | |- |''Albie's Elevator'' |rowspan=2|September 4, 2023 |<ref name="whyy2023">{{cite web |last1=Rudnesky |first1=Franki |title=WHYY debuts two new children's TV shows made in Philadelphia |url=https://www.phillyvoice.com/whyy-childrens-tv-shows-philadelphia-albies-elevator-infinite-art-hunt/ |website=PhillyVoice |publisher=WWB Holdings, LLC |access-date=25 June 2023 |date=14 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ALBIE'S ELEVATOR American Public Television |url=https://www.aptonline.org/catalog/ALBIE-S-ELEVATOR |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=25 June 2023}}</ref> |- |''The Infinite Art Hunt'' |<ref name="whyy2023"/><ref>{{cite web |title=THE INFINITE ART HUNT American Public Television |url=https://www.aptonline.org/catalog/INFINITE-ART-HUNT-THE |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=25 June 2023}}</ref> |- |''Mia & Codie'' |January 2, 2025 |<ref>{{cite web |title=MIA & CODIE American Public Television |url=https://aptonline.org/catalog/MIA-CODIE |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=14 November 2024}}</ref> |- |''Vegesaurs'' |April 1, 2025 |<ref name="vegesaurs">{{cite web |title=Vegesaurs |url=https://www.aptonline.org/catalog/VEGESAURS |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=2 February 2025}}</ref> |} ===Programming from NETA=== The following programs are distributed by National Educational Telecommunications Association, not PBS itself. These programs are broadcast by select local PBS stations. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''[[Curious Crew]]'' |2017 | |- |''Into the Outdoors'' |June 3, 2020 | |- |''Let's Learn'' |December 14, 2020 | |- |''DIY Science Time'' |May 31, 2021 | |- |''Camp TV'' |June 16, 2021 | |- |''The Reading League's Reading Buddies'' |2022 | |- |''Wimee's Words'' |April 1, 2022 | |- |''Wordsville'' |January 10, 2025 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Wordsville |url=https://www.netaonline.org/episode/wordsville |publisher=NETA |access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref> |} ===Interstitial programming=== The following interstitials run for a minute and are usually shown at the start or end of a traditional, full-form program. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''PBS Kids Rocks!'' |September 6, 2010 |{{refn|group=note|Originally known as ''DJ Hooper'' until 2015.}} |- |''You Can Be Anything!'' |2016 | |- |''You, Me, and Community'' |rowspan=2|October 1, 2017 |<ref>{{cite web |title=You, Me & Community |url=https://www.globalmechanic.com/news/view/you-me-and-community |publisher=Global Mechanic |access-date=20 March 2023}}</ref> |- |''The Really Really Awesome Activity Challenge'' | |- |''Get Moving!'' |August 3, 2020 | |} ===Short-form programming=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''Oh Noah!'' |September 17, 2012 |{{refn|group=note|Originally known as ''Noah Comprende''.}}<ref name="2011web">{{cite web |title=PBS Launches New Spanish Language and Music Web Series on PBSKIDSGO.ORG |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-launches-new-spanish-language-and-music-web-series-on-pbskidsgoorg/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=15 March 2023 |date=11 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Dean |first1=Anthony |title=Minorities in cartoons: "Oh Noah!" |url=https://www.diversetechgeek.com/minorities-cartoons-oh-noah/ |website=Diverse Tech Geek |access-date=4 May 2024 |date=17 October 2013}}</ref> |- |''[[Elinor Wonders Why]]'s [[Jorge Cham|That's So Interesting!]]''<sup>1</sup> |May 3, 2021 | |- |''[[Fred Rogers Productions|Through the Woods]]''<sup>1</sup> |June 4, 2021 | |- |''Jelly, Ben and Pogo'' |October 4, 2021 |<ref name="almasway" /> |- |''[[Molly of Denali]]: The Big Gathering''<sup>1</sup> |November 1, 2022 | |- |''[[City Island (TV series)|City Island]]''<sup>1</sup> |December 26, 2022 |<ref name="cityisland">{{cite press release|title=CITY ISLAND Shorts to Premiere on PBS KIDS, December 26, 2022|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/city-island-shorts-to-premiere-on-pbs-kids-december-26-2022/|website=[[PBS]]}}</ref> |- |''What Can You Become?'' |March 3, 2023 | |- |''[[Super_Why!#Spin-off_series|Super Why's Comic Book Adventures]]''<sup>1</sup> |October 18, 2023 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Y-E-S, yes, the new 'Super Why!' musical shorts will premiere on PBS Kids Oct. 18 |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/tv/story/2023-09-20/super-why-comic-book-adventures-pbs-kids-premiere-date |website=Los Angeles Times |access-date=18 October 2023 |date=20 September 2023}}</ref> |- |''[[Sesame Workshop|Together We Can]]'' |July 3, 2024 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stalcup |first1=Jamie |title=PBS KIDS Slates New Civics-Themed Content |url=https://worldscreen.com/tvkids/pbs-kids-slates-new-civics-themed-content/ |website=TVKIDS |access-date=4 July 2024 |date=27 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Reif |first1=Alex |title=PBS KIDS Launches Civics Music Video Series from Sesame Workshop – "Together We Can" |url=https://www.laughingplace.com/w/entertainment/pbs-kids-launches-civics-music-video-series-from-sesame-workshop-together-we-can/ |website=LaughingPlace.com |access-date=4 July 2024 |date=3 July 2024}}</ref> |} ===Blocks=== {| class="wikitable" sortable !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |PBS Kids Family Night |April 21, 2017 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=PBS Will Launch Family Night on New PBS Kids Channel |url=https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/pbs-kids-family-night-live-streaming-daniel-tiger-1201960775/ |access-date=December 10, 2022 |website=variety.com |date=January 15, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210161650/https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/pbs-kids-family-night-live-streaming-daniel-tiger-1201960775/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Elliott |first1=Belinda |title=WHRO - Don't Miss PBS Kids Family Night Every Saturday & Sunday |url=https://whro.org/kids-family/44938-pbs-kids-family-nights |website=whro.org |access-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214143451/https://whro.org/kids-family/44938-pbs-kids-family-nights |archive-date=14 February 2024 |date=12 February 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PBS Kids Family Nights - AZPM |url=https://www.azpm.org/s/46584-pbs-kids-family-nights/ |access-date=July 16, 2022 |website=www.azpm.org |language=en |archive-date=May 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527020411/https://www.azpm.org/s/46584-pbs-kids-family-nights/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |} ==Upcoming programming== ===Original programming=== {|class=wikitable sortable !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''Weather Hunters'' |September 8, 2025 |<ref name="roker">{{cite press release|title=WEATHER HUNTERS, New STEM Series Created by & Starring Al Roker, Launches on PBS KIDS, July 7, 2025|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/weather-hunters-new-animated-series-created-by-and-starring-al-roker-launches-on-pbs-kids-july-7/|website=[[PBS]] |access-date=22 January 2025 |date=22 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Weather Hunters Prescreening: Summer Shared Stories Series |url=https://www.pbsutah.org/blogs/events/weather-hunters-prescreening-summer-shared-stories-series/ |website=PBS Utah |access-date=18 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref> |- |''Phoebe & Jay'' |Fall 2025 |<ref name="phoebeandjay">{{cite press release|title=PBS KIDS Announces Newest Animated Series, PHOEBE & JAY, Premiering Fall 2025|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-announces-newest-animated-series-phoebe-jay-premiering-fall-2025/|website=[[PBS]] |access-date=22 January 2025 |date=22 January 2025}}</ref><ref name="2025new">{{cite web |last1=Shanfeld |first1=Ethan |title=Sheryl Lee Ralph, Holly Robinson Peete and LeVar Burton Join Al Roker's 'Weather Hunters' Animated Series (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/al-roker-weather-hunters-sheryl-lee-ralph-levar-burton-1236280394/ |website=Variety |access-date=22 January 2025 |date=22 January 2025}}</ref> |- |''The Day You Begin'' |TBA |<ref name="tdyb">{{cite web |last1=Whittock |first1=Jesse |title=PBS Kids Orders TV Adaptation Of Jacqueline Woodson's 'The Day You Begin' |url=https://deadline.com/2024/10/pbs-kids-the-day-you-begin-jacqueline-woodson-1236109102/ |website=Deadline |access-date=24 February 2025 |date=8 October 2024}}</ref> |} ===Acquired programming=== {|class=wikitable sortable !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''Piripenguins'' |TBA |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Milligan |first1=Mercedes |title=PBS Distribution Picks Up 'Piripenguins' for NorAm |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2024/10/pbs-distribution-picks-up-piripenguins-for-noram/ |website=Animation Magazine |access-date=9 June 2025 |date=14 October 2024}}</ref> |} ==Former programming== * <sup>1</sup> Co-distributed by [[Amazon Prime Video]], the official streaming partner for PBS Kids programming.<ref name="pbs.org"/> * <sup>2</sup> Co-distributed by [[Roku]] on the PBS Retro streaming channel. ===PTV=== ''For a list of earlier children’s programming on PBS, prior to the PTV block (such as [[Zoom (1972 TV series)|Zoom]] or [[3-2-1 Contact]]), see [[List of programs broadcast by PBS#Former programming|List of programs broadcast by PBS]].'' ====Original programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Square One Television]]'' |January 26, 1987 |October 7, 1994 | |- |''[[Shining Time Station]]'' |January 29, 1989 |June 11, 1998 | |- |''[[Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? (game show)|Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego?]]'' |September 30, 1991 |October 4, 1996 | |- |''[[Lamb Chop's Play-Along]]'' |January 13, 1992 |August 29, 1997 | |- |''[[Ghostwriter (1992 TV series)|Ghostwriter]]'' |October 4, 1992 |September 5, 1999 | |- |''[[Kino's Storytime|Storytime]]'' |October 11, 1992 |1999 |{{refn|group=note|name=storytime|National run began on June 6, 1994.}} |- |''[[The Magic School Bus (TV series)|The Magic School Bus]]'' |September 10, 1994 |September 25, 1998 | |- |''[[Bill Nye the Science Guy]]'' |October 10, 1994 |September 3, 1999 | |- |''[[Where in Time Is Carmen Sandiego? (game show)|Where in Time is Carmen Sandiego?]]'' |October 7, 1996 |September 25, 1998 | |- |''[[The Charlie Horse Music Pizza]]'' |January 5, 1998 |September 3, 1999 | |} ====Programming from [[American Program Service]]==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Pappyland]]'' |May 25, 1993 |September 3, 1999 | |- |''[[Kidsongs]]'' |April 4, 1994 |October 24, 1998 | |- |''[[The Adventures of Dudley the Dragon]]'' |September 18, 1994 |September 5, 1999 | |- |''Preschool Power'' |1995 |1998 | |- |''[[The Swamp Critters of Lost Lagoon]]'' |November 4, 1995 |December 27, 1997 | |- |''[[Bloopy's Buddies]]'' |January 6, 1996 |1998 | |- |''[[The Reppies]]'' |September 28, 1996 |November 2, 1996 | |- |''[[Groundling Marsh]]'' |1997 |1999 | |} ====Acquired programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Katie and Orbie]]'' |October 9, 1995 |November 6, 1997 | |- |''[[Salty's Lighthouse]]'' |December 6, 1997 |1998 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/248335953/ |title=28 Dec 1997, Page 116 - Tallahassee Democrat at |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1997-12-28 |access-date=2022-06-05}}</ref> |} ====Blocks==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Block title !Launch date !End date !Source(s) |- |The Game |October 7, 1996 |September 6, 1999 | |} ===PBS Kids=== ====Original programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Reading Rainbow]]''<sup>1</sup> <sup>2</sup> |July 11, 1983 |August 28, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=pbsretro}} <ref>{{cite web |author1=John J. O'Connor |title=TV:'READING RAINBOW,' NEW SERIES |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/07/11/books/tv-reading-rainbow-new-series.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=15 March 2023 |date=11 July 1983}}</ref><ref name="wned">{{cite web |title=Celebrating 60 Years: WNED PBS Marks its 60th Anniversary |url=https://www.wned.org/celebrating-60-years/ |website=Buffalo Toronto Public Media |access-date=21 January 2024 |language=en |date=30 March 2019 |quote=July 11, 1983 was the birth of one of WNED PBS’s most decorated series, “Reading Rainbow”.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=READING RAINBOW |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/reading-rainbow-august-28-2009/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=15 March 2023 |date=28 August 2009}}</ref> |- |''[[Barney & Friends]]'' |April 6, 1992 |November 14, 2015 |{{refn|group=note|name=end1992a|Reruns continued through August 31, 2016 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[The Puzzle Place]]'' |January 16, 1995 |March 31, 2000 | |- |''[[Plaza Sesamo]]'' |April 3, 1995 |January 4, 2010 |{{refn|group=note|name=plaza|Broadcasts were exclusive to select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Wishbone (TV series)|Wishbone]]'' |October 9, 1995 |August 31, 2014 |{{refn|group=note|name=end1995a|First run ended September 2, 2001. Reruns resumed approximately 2006 through August 31, 2014 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Kratts' Creatures]]''<sup>1</sup> <sup>2</sup> |June 3, 1996 |June 9, 2000 |{{refn|group=note|name=pbsretro}} |- |''[[Adventures from the Book of Virtues]]'' |September 2, 1996 |September 26, 2005 | |- |''[[Tots TV]]'' |October 7, 1996 |rowspan=2|September 1, 2002 | |- |''[[Theodore Tugboat]]'' |October 20, 1996 | |- |''[[Wimzie's House]]'' |September 1, 1997 |September 2, 2001 | |- |''[[Teletubbies]]'' |April 6, 1998 |August 29, 2008 | |- |''[[Noddy (TV series)|Noddy]]'' |August 31, 1998 |September 1, 2002 |{{refn|group=note|name=noddy|National runs on PBS Kids 24/7 ended June 10, 2001.}} |- |''[[Zoom (1999 TV series)|Zoom]]'' |January 4, 1999 |September 2, 2007 | |- |''[[Zoboomafoo]]''<sup>1</sup> <sup>2</sup> |January 25, 1999 |February 1, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end1999b|Reruns continued through December 23, 2017 on select local PBS stations.}}{{refn|group=note|name=pbsretro}} |- |''[[Dragon Tales]]'' |September 6, 1999 |August 31, 2010 | |- |''[[Between the Lions]]'' |April 3, 2000 |August 31, 2011 | |- |''[[Caillou]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 4, 2000 |December 27, 2020 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2000b|National runs ended on November 13, 2015 (PBS) and December 27, 2020 (PBS Kids 24/7). Reruns continued through December 31, 2020 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Corduroy (TV series)|Corduroy]]'' |rowspan=6|September 30, 2000 |rowspan=2|October 28, 2001 | |- |''[[Elliot Moose (TV series)|Elliot Moose]]'' | |- |''[[Timothy Goes to School]]'' |September 5, 2004 | |- |''[[Seven Little Monsters (TV series)|Seven Little Monsters]]'' |September 15, 2003 |{{refn|group=note|name=monsters|''Seven Little Monsters'' was part of the [[PBS Kids Bookworm Bunch|Bookworm Bunch]] block from September 30, 2000 through September 5, 2004; meanwhile, it was aired in the same half-hour timeslot alongside ''[[The Berenstain Bears (2002 TV series)|The Berenstain Bears]]'' from January 6 through September 12, 2003.}} <ref name="bbslm"/> |- |''[[George Shrinks]]'' |September 2, 2007 |{{refn|group=note|name=shrinks|''George Shrinks'' was part of the [[PBS Kids Bookworm Bunch|Bookworm Bunch]] block from September 30, 2000 through September 5, 2004; meanwhile, it was aired in its own half-hour timeslot from January 6, 2003 through September 2, 2007. Reruns continued through August 2008 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Marvin the Tap-Dancing Horse]]'' |September 5, 2004 | |- |''[[Jay Jay the Jet Plane]]'' |June 11, 2001 |May 31, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=jayjay|Reruns continued through June 26, 2009 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Anne of Green Gables: The Animated Series]]'' |September 2, 2001 |September 30, 2015 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2001a|''Anne of Green Gables: The Animated Series'' aired from September 2, 2001 through October 10, 2004 (PBS Kids 24/7) and through September 4, 2005 (PBS); later reruns were distributed to local PBS stations by [[American Public Television]] from April 5, 2010 through September 30, 2015.}} |- |''[[Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat]]'' |September 3, 2001 |February 1, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2001b|Reruns continued through August 30, 2009 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[DragonflyTV]]'' |January 19, 2002 |September 6, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2002a|Reruns continued through May 29, 2019 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Angelina Ballerina (TV series)|Angelina Ballerina]]'' |June 1, 2002 |August 29, 2015 | |- |''[[Liberty's Kids]]'' |September 2, 2002 |October 10, 2004 | |- |''[[Clifford's Puppy Days]]'' |September 1, 2003 |April 23, 2022 |{{refn|group=note|name=puppy|National runs ended on September 2, 2007 (PBS) with specials airing periodically through February 14, 2014 (PBS) and April 23, 2022 (PBS Kids 24/7).}} <ref>{{cite web |title=Award-Winning PBS KIDS® Launches New Programming This Fall 2003 |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/award-winning-pbs-kids-launches-new-programming-this-fall-2003-july-12-2003/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=13 March 2023 |date=12 July 2003}}</ref> |- |''[[Jakers! The Adventures of Piggley Winks]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 7, 2003 |rowspan=2 | August 31, 2008 | |- |''[[Boohbah]]'' |January 19, 2004 | |- |''[[Thomas & Friends]]''<sup>2</sup> |September 5, 2004 |December 31, 2017 |{{refn|group=note|name=pbsretro}} |- |''[[Postcards from Buster]]''<sup>1</sup> |October 11, 2004 |February 24, 2012 | |- |''[[Bob the Builder]]'' |January 1, 2005 |November 6, 2015 |{{refn|group=note|name=bob|After originally debuting on [[Nick Jr.]] in the United States on January 15, 2001, ''Bob the Builder'' was broadcast on PBS Kids from January 1, 2005 through November 6, 2015, when the series was replaced by the [[Bob the Builder (2015 TV series)|2015 reboot series]].}} <ref>{{cite web |last1=Everhart |first1=Karen |title=PBS, producers, Comcast wed to create digital kids' channel |url=https://current.org/2004/11/pbs-producers-comcast-wed-to-create-digital-kids-channel/ |website=Current |access-date=21 January 2024 |date=1 November 2004}}</ref><ref name="bobl">{{cite web |title=Watch Bob the Builder KLRU TV Schedule KLRU-TV, Austin PBS |url=http://www.klru.org/program/bob-the-builder/ |website=www.klru.org |access-date=21 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104015431/http://www.klru.org/program/bob-the-builder/ |archive-date=4 November 2015 |date=4 November 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''Toopy and Binoo'' |January 3, 2005 |December 29, 2006 | |- |''[[Make Way for Noddy]]'' |July 2, 2005 |September 6, 2009 | |- |''[[It's a Big Big World]]''<sup>1</sup> |January 2, 2006 |April 30, 2010 | |- |''[[Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman]]''<sup>1</sup> |May 29, 2006 |November 20, 2018 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2006d|First run ended September 2, 2012, with reruns continuing through August 31, 2014 on select local PBS stations. Reruns resumed January 16, 2017 through November 20, 2018 exclusively on PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[Franny's Feet]]'' |July 8, 2006 |September 6, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2006a|Reruns continued through November 25, 2012 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Design Squad]]''<sup>1</sup> |February 28, 2007 |March 20, 2011 | |- |''[[Peep and the Big Wide World]]''<sup>1</sup> |April 1, 2007 |December 26, 2021 |{{refn|group=note|name=peep|After originally debuting on [[Discovery Kids]] and [[TLC (TV network)|TLC]] on April 10, 2004, ''Peep and the Big Wide World'' was distributed to local PBS stations by [[American Public Television]] from April 1, 2007 through January 3, 2018; later reruns aired on PBS Kids 24/7 from January 1, 2018 through December 26, 2021.}} <ref>{{cite web |title=PEEP FAQ |url=http://www.peepandthebigwideworld.com/about/faq.html |access-date=12 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070420080633/http://www.peepandthebigwideworld.com/about/faq.html |archive-date=20 April 2007}}</ref><ref name="peep">{{cite web |title=PEEP AND THE BIG WIDE WORLD - American Public Television |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/GenreLookup/41653873E38CD1A485257281007550C7 |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091106004954/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/GenreLookup/41653873E38CD1A485257281007550C7 |archive-date=6 November 2009}}</ref> |- |''[[WordWorld]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 3, 2007 |October 2, 2022 |{{refn|group=note|name=ww|Reruns continued through July 30, 2023 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Mama Mirabelle's Home Movies]]'' |September 8, 2007 |rowspan=2|September 6, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2007a|Reruns continued through January 2, 2011 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Animalia (TV series)|Animalia]]'' |January 5, 2008 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2007a}} |- |''[[Betsy's Kindergarten Adventures]]'' |January 13, 2008 |May 31, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2008b|Reruns continued through October 6, 2013 on select local PBS stations.}} <ref>{{cite web |title=Betsy's Kindergarten Adventures PBS KIDS |url=http://pbskids.org/betsy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080115082246/http://pbskids.org/betsy/ |archive-date=15 January 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[Sid the Science Kid]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 1, 2008 |June 25, 2023 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2018|National runs ended on November 18, 2018 (PBS) and June 25, 2023 (PBS Kids 24/7).}} |- |''[[Lomax, the Hound of Music]]'' |October 11, 2008 |December 29, 2008 |<ref>{{cite web |title=KWBU Program Guide October 2008 |url=https://www.baylor.edu/content/services/document.php/73593.pdf |publisher=Baylor University |access-date=13 March 2023 |page=2}}</ref> |- |''[[The Electric Company (2009 TV series)|The Electric Company]]'' (2009) |January 19, 2009 |August 31, 2014 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Back From the '70s, Without the Zaniness |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/19/arts/television/19elec.html |work=The New York Times |date=January 18, 2009 |access-date=13 March 2023 |last1=Genzlinger |first1=Neil }}</ref> |- |''[[Angelina Ballerina: The Next Steps]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 5, 2009 |November 14, 2015 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2009a|Reruns continued through January 31, 2016 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Bob the Builder (2015 TV series)|Bob the Builder]]'' (2015) |November 7, 2015 |November 20, 2018 |<ref name=bobl/><ref>{{cite web |title=Let's Go! Bob the Builder |url=https://www.ket.org/episode/BOBL%20%20000901/ |website=www.ket.org |access-date=21 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620030524/https://www.ket.org/episode/BOBL%20%20000901/ |archive-date=20 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=TV Schedules - AZPM |url=https://tv.azpm.org/schedules/kuatkids/2015/11/7/#8:30.a.m. |website=tv.azpm.org |access-date=21 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref> |- |''[[Splash and Bubbles]]''<sup>1</sup> |November 23, 2016 |October 2, 2022 |{{refn|group=note|name=splash|Reruns continued through November 27, 2022 on select local PBS stations.}} <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/pbs-kids-dates-premiere-for-hensons-splash-and-bubbles|title=PBS Kids Dates Premiere for Henson's 'Splash and Bubbles'|author=Mercedes Milligan|work=[[Animation Magazine]]|date=May 21, 2016|access-date=November 23, 2016}}</ref> |- |''[[Esme & Roy]]'' |August 30, 2019 |June 27, 2021 |{{refn|group=note|name=PK|Exclusive to PBS Kids 24/7.}} <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-03-13|title=Esme & Roy Now Airing Weekends on CPTV PBS Kids 24/7|url=https://cptv.org/esme-and-roy/}}</ref> |- |''[[The Not-Too-Late Show with Elmo]]''<sup>1</sup> |February 10, 2023 |May 10, 2024 |{{refn|gproup=note|name=PK|Exclusive to PBS Kids 24/7.}} <ref name="elmo1">{{cite web |title=PBS Kids {{!}} TV Schedules - AZPM |url=https://tv.azpm.org/schedules/kuatkids/2023/02/10/ |website=tv.azpm.org |access-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510223219/https://tv.azpm.org/schedules/kuatkids/2023/02/10/ |archive-date=10 May 2024}}</ref><ref name="elmo2">{{cite web |title=PBS Kids {{!}} TV Schedules - AZPM |url=https://tv.azpm.org/schedules/kuatkids/2024/05/10/ |website=tv.azpm.org |access-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510223020/https://tv.azpm.org/schedules/kuatkids/2024/05/10/ |archive-date=10 May 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Mecha Builders]]'' |May 13, 2024 |April 30, 2025 |{{refn|group=note|name=PK|Exclusive to PBS Kids 24/7.}} <ref name="may2024">{{cite web |title=PBS KIDS on Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/C6hQr0WsBlq |website=www.instagram.com |access-date=10 May 2024 |date=3 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mecha Builders |url=https://www.tpt.org/mecha-builders/ |website=Twin Cities PBS |access-date=24 April 2024 |language=en |date=23 April 2024}}</ref> |} ====Programming from American Public Television==== The following programs were distributed by [[American Public Television]], not PBS itself. These programs were broadcast by select local PBS stations. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[The Huggabug Club]]'' |January 2, 1995 |July 28, 2000 | |- |''[[The Big Comfy Couch]]'' |January 9, 1995 |May 24, 2009 | |- |''Someday School'' |1998 |May 31, 2001 | |- |''[[Adventures with Kanga Roddy]]'' |April 4, 1999 |March 4, 2001 | |- |''Wish*A*Roo Park'' |June 6, 1999 |June 5, 2001 | |- |''[[Hello Mrs. Cherrywinkle]]'' |July 12, 1999 |September 6, 2001 | |- |''[[The Dooley and Pals Show]]'' |April 3, 2000 |June 5, 2003 | |- |''Alef...Bet...Blast-Off!'' |September 3, 2000 |September 2, 2009 | |- |''[[Redwall (TV series)|Redwall]]'' |April 1, 2001 |2006 |<ref>{{cite web |author1=Karen Everhart Bedford |title="Redwall," not for littlest kids |url=https://current.org/wp-content/uploads/archive-site/ch/ch0106redwall.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625033633/https://current.org/wp-content/uploads/archive-site/ch/ch0106redwall.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 25, 2020 |website=current.org |access-date=7 January 2024 |date=26 March 2001 }}</ref> |- |''[[The Toy Castle]]'' |2002 |2005 | |- |''[[Real Wheels]]'' |2003 |2004 | |- |''[[The Shapies]]'' |2004 |2006 | |- |''[[My Bedbugs]]'' |March 1, 2004 |November 2, 2005 | |- |''Mustard Pancakes'' |2005 |2007 | |- |''[[Auto-B-Good]]'' |January 17, 2005 |December 23, 2005 | |- |''[[Ribert and Robert's Wonderworld]]'' |September 4, 2005 |2016 | |- |''[[The Zula Patrol]]'' |September 10, 2005 |2022 |- |''[[Danger Rangers]]'' |September 5, 2005 |December 26, 2006 | |- |''[[Signing Time!]]'' |January 1, 2006 |January 19, 2008 | |- |''[[Sheira & Loli's Dittydoodle Works]]'' |April 22, 2006 |February 22, 2009 | |- |''[[SeeMore's Playhouse]]'' |September 10, 2006 |January 15, 2008 | |- |''[[The Saddle Club]]'' |September 3, 2006 |September 6, 2012 |<ref>{{cite web |title=SADDLE CLUB, THE American Public Television |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/SADDLE+CLUB+THE |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=9 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911193536/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/SADDLE+CLUB+THE |archive-date=11 September 2012}}</ref> |- |''[[Raggs]]'' |February 4, 2008 |February 18, 2009 | |- |''[[Wunderkind Little Amadeus]]'' |September 7, 2008 |September 6, 2020 | |- |''[[Scientastic!]]'' |September 2, 2010 |2014 | |- |''[[Bali (TV series)|Bali]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 12, 2010 |2021 | |- |''Wild Animal Baby Explorers'' |October 3, 2010 |June 29, 2014 | |- |''[[Space Racers]]'' |May 2, 2014 |October 31, 2016 |{{refn|group=note|name=space|Premieres moved to [[Universal Kids]] in 2016.}} <ref>{{cite web |title='Space Racers' to Premiere on Public Television this Spring |access-date=July 14, 2014 |publisher=Animation Magazine |author=Ramin Zahed |date=October 25, 2013 |url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/space-racers-premiere-public-television-spring}}</ref> |- |''Thomas Edison's Secret Lab'' |September 7, 2015 |2019 | |- |''[[Bug Bites (2016 TV series)|Bug Bites]]'' |January 4, 2016 |2018 | |- |''Ruby's Studio'' |January 7, 2016 |2021 | |- |''[[Mack & Moxy]]'' |February 5, 2016 |February 16, 2020 | |- |''Blue Chip Kids'' |March 1, 2017 |2021 | |} ====Acquired programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Newton's Apple]]'' |October 15, 1983 |October 31, 1999 | |- |''[[Mark Kistler's Imagination Station]]'' |October 14, 1991 |July 10, 1998 |{{refn|group=note|name=kistler|Reboot series began airing in 2009.}} |- |''The Eddie Files'' |1995 |2000 | |- |''Ricky's Room'' |1999 |2000 | |- |''[[Mary Lou's Flip Flop Shop]]'' |August 25, 2002 |September 22, 2002 |{{refn|group=note|name=ffs|Reruns aired on the PBS HD Channel from 2004 to 2007.}} |- |''[[MythQuest]]'' |2002 |2004 | |- |''[[Curiosity Quest]]'' |July 16, 2004 |2021 |{{refn|group=note|name=NETA|Syndicated to public television stations by the National Educational Telecommunications Association.}} |- |''[[Nanalan']]'' |July 2006 |2013 |<ref>{{cite web |title=PBS Pressroom - NANALAN' |url=http://pressroom.pbs.org/programs/nanalan |access-date=16 January 2024 |date=6 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071106030906/http://pressroom.pbs.org/programs/nanalan |archive-date=November 6, 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=nineMagazine - July/August 2013 by Nine PBS - Issuu |url=https://issuu.com/nine_magazine/docs/ninemag_septoct2013 |website=issuu.com |access-date=16 January 2024 |language=en |date=27 August 2013}}</ref> |- |''[[Miffy and Friends]]'' |2007 |2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=WLIW|Syndicated to public television stations by WLIW.}} |- |''[[Shalom Sesame]]'' |October 5, 2010 |October 11, 2011 | |- |''Kids for Positive Change'' |July 1, 2021 |June 30, 2024 |{{refn|group=note|name=NETA}} |} ====Interstitial programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''Dash's Game of the Day'' |September 4, 2006 |May 16, 2008 | |- |''Dot's Story Factory'' |September 3, 2007 |October 4, 2013 | |- |''Dash's Secret Treasure'' |rowspan=2|May 19, 2008 |rowspan=3|July 18, 2022 | |- |''Music Time with [[Steve Roslonek|SteveSongs]]'' | |- |''Dash's Dance Party'' |rowspan=2|September 7, 2009 | |- |''Adventures with Hooper'' |September 3, 2010 | |- |''Coach Hooper'' |rowspan=3|September 6, 2010 |rowspan=3|2020 | |- |''PBS Kids Field Trip'' | |- |''Where in the World is Hooper?'' | |- |''PBS Kids Spotlight'' |January 15, 2016 |July 18, 2022 | |} ====Short-form programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[The Amazing Colossal Adventures of WordGirl]]'' |November 10, 2006 |October 10, 2007 |<ref>{{cite web |title=PBS Expands Vocabulary with Wordgirl |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2006/11/pbs-expands-vocabulary-with-wordgirl/ |publisher=Animation Magazine |access-date=15 March 2023 |date=8 November 2006}}</ref> |- |''[[Pocoyo]]'' |January 4, 2010 |December 26, 2021 |{{refn|group=note|name=pocoyo|''Pocoyo'' was distributed to local PBS stations by [[American Public Television]] from January 4, 2010 through January 3, 2018, and it was aired in the same half-hour timeslot alongside ''Peep and the Big Wide World''; later reruns aired on PBS Kids 24/7 from January 1, 2018 through December 26, 2021.}}<ref name="peep/pocoyo">{{cite web |title=PEEP AND THE BIG WIDE WORLD II/POCOYO {{!}} American Public Television |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/PEEP+AND+THE+BIG+WIDE+WORLD+II+POCOYO |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910074428/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/PEEP+AND+THE+BIG+WIDE+WORLD+II+POCOYO |archive-date=10 September 2015}}</ref> |} ====Blocks==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Block title !Launch date !End date !Source(s) |- |[[PBS Kids Bookworm Bunch]] |September 30, 2000 |September 5, 2004 | |- |[[PBS Kids Go!]] |October 11, 2004 |rowspan=2|October 7, 2013 | |- |PBS Kids Preschool Block |September 4, 2006 | |} ==Special programming== Programs with marked with an asterisk (*) have been featured on the Family Night weekend primetime block on PBS Kids 24/7. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Initial broadcast date !Source(s) |- |''[[Noddy (TV series)|Noddy: Anything Can Happen At Christmas]]'' |December 6, 1998 | |- |''[[Zoom (1999 TV series)|Party with Zoom]]'' |1999 | |- |''[[Arthur's Perfect Christmas]]''* |November 23, 2000 | |- |''[[Zoom (1999 TV series)|Zoom: America's Kids Respond]]'' |September 20, 2001 |<ref>{{cite web |title=PBS Children's Series Offers Kids Ideas for Coping with the Aftermath of the Attacks On America |website=[[PBS]] |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-childrens-series-offers-kids-ideas-for-coping-with-the-aftermath-of-the-attacks-on-america-september-20-2001/ |access-date=12 March 2023 }}</ref> |- |''[[Barney & Friends|Barney's Christmas Star]]'' | rowspan="2" |2002 | |- |''[[Elmo's World|Elmo's World: Happy Holidays!]]'' | |- |''[[List of Arthur episodes#Specials|Arthur, It's Only Rock 'n' Roll]]'' |September 1, 2002 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fiasco |first1=Lance |title=The Backstreet Boys To Make Their Animated 'Arthur' Debut |url=https://idobi.com/news/the-backstreet-boys-to-make-their-animated-arthur-debut/ |website=idobi |access-date=15 September 2024 |date=29 July 2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Idaho PTV Program Listing - September 2002 Schedule |url=http://www.idahoptv.org/what/channels/Sep02/Sep.html#1 |website=idahoptv.org |access-date=15 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020914044129/http://www.idahoptv.org/what/channels/Sep02/Sep.html#1 |archive-date=2002-09-14 |date=14 September 2002}}</ref> |- |[[Zoom (1999 TV series)|''Zoom: America's Kids Remember'']] |September 8, 2002 | |- |''[[Bob the Builder|Bob the Builder Snowed Under: The Bobblesberg Winter Games]]'' |December 17, 2005 | |- |''[[Arthur's Missing Pal]]'' |August 18, 2007 | |- |''[[Panwapa]]'' |2008 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Station Signals: WXXI Program Guide September 2008 |url=https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/30900371/september-2008-wxxi |website=yumpu.com |publisher=WXXI |access-date=5 July 2023 |page=19 |language=en |date=September 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=WBGU-PBS KIDS Shows |url=http://wbgu.org/kids/shows |publisher=WBGU |access-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724022723/http://wbgu.org/kids/shows |archive-date=24 July 2008}}</ref> |- |''[[Abby in Wonderland]]'' |November 28, 2008 | |- |''[[Curious George: A Very Monkey Christmas]]''* |November 25, 2009 |<ref name="cgxmas">{{cite web |title=MONKEY AROUND THE CHRISTMAS TREE THIS HOLIDAY SEASON! FIRST EVER CURIOUS GEORGE® HOLIDAY SPECIAL A VERY MONKEY CHRISTMAS PREMIERES NOVEMBER 25TH ON PBS KIDS® |url=http://streams.wgbh.org/online/pressroom/2009_10/CuriousGeorge_MonkeyChristmas.pdf |publisher=WGBH |access-date=14 March 2023 |date=27 October 2009}}</ref> |- |''[[Curious George (film)|Curious George]]'' |rowspan=2|November 23, 2011 | |- |''[[Curious George 2: Follow That Monkey!]]''* | |- |''[[List of WordGirl episodes#WordGirl%3 The Rise of Miss Power|WordGirl: The Rise of Miss Power]]''* |February 20, 2012 | |- |''[[The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!|The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About Christmas!]]''* |November 21, 2012 |<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wolfe|first1=Jennifer|title=PBS Kids Announces 'Cat in the Hat' Christmas Special |url=https://www.awn.com/news/pbs-kids-announces-cat-hat-christmas-special |publisher=Animation World Network |access-date=18 March 2023 |date=2 November 2012}}</ref> |- |''[[Clifford's Really Big Movie]]'' |December 14, 2012 |<ref>{{cite web |title='CLIFFORD'S REALLY BIG MOVIE" PREMIERS ON PBS KIDS |url=http://mediaroom.scholastic.com/press-release/cliffords-really-big-movie-premiers-pbs-kids |publisher=Scholastic |access-date=18 March 2023 |date=19 November 2012}}</ref> |- |''[[Sid the Science Kid#Sid the Science Kid: The Movie (2013)|Sid the Science Kid: The Movie]]''* |March 25, 2013 | |- |''[[List of Curious George episodes#Specials|Curious George Swings Into Spring]]''* |April 22, 2013 | |- |''[[List of Curious George episodes#Specials|Curious George: A Halloween Boo Fest]]''* |October 28, 2013 | |- |''[[Elmo's Christmas Countdown]]'' |November 27, 2013 | |- |''[[List of Cyberchase episodes#Season 9 (2013–14)|The Cyberchase Movie]]'' |April 15, 2014 | |- |''[[The Cookie Thief]]''* |February 16, 2015 |<ref>{{cite web|last1=Steinberg|first1=Brian|title=Cookie Monster Gets First Special on PBS' Kids Lineup| date=January 19, 2015 |url=https://variety.com/2015/tv/news/cookie-monster-gets-first-special-on-pbs-kids-lineup-1201408785/|publisher=Variety|access-date=October 17, 2015}}</ref> |- |''[[Curious George 3: Back to the Jungle]]''* |August 17, 2015 | |- |''[[List of Wild Kratts episodes#Season 4 (2015–17)|Wild Kratts: A Creature Christmas]]''* |November 25, 2015 | |- |''[[The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!|The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About Camping!]]''* |July 25, 2016 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Dr. Seuss on Facebook |website=[[Facebook]] |url=https://www.facebook.com/Dr.Seuss/posts/calling-all-campers-join-the-cat-in-the-hat-on-a-fun-and-frenzied-outdoor-advent/10155167750907195/ |access-date=18 March 2023 |date=25 July 2016}}</ref> |- |''[[List of Odd Squad episodes#Odd Squad: The Movie (2016)|Odd Squad: The Movie]]''* |August 1, 2016 | |- |''[[The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!|The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About Halloween!]]''* |October 28, 2016 |<ref>{{cite web|last1=Milligan|first1=Mercedes|title=PBS KIDS Gets Animated for Halloween |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2016/10/pbs-kids-gets-animated-for-halloween/ |publisher=Animation Magazine |access-date=18 March 2023 |date=3 October 2016}}</ref> |- |''[[List of Wild Kratts episodes#Season 4 (2015–17)|Wild Kratts: Creatures of the Deep Sea]]''* |November 23, 2016 | |- |''[[The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!|The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About Space!]]''* |December 26, 2016 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Kids Newsletter December 2016 |url=https://www.myarkansaspbs.org/kids/newsletter/december2016 |publisher=[[Arkansas PBS|AETN]] |access-date=18 March 2023 |date=December 2016}}</ref> |- |''[[Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood|Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood: A Tiger Family Trip]]''* |May 8, 2017 | |- |''[[List of Ready Jet Go! episodes#Films|Ready Jet Go!: Back to Bortron 7]]''* |August 14, 2017 | |- |''[[List of Arthur episodes#Specials|Arthur: D.W. and the Beastly Birthday]]''* |May 29, 2017 | |- |''[[List of Wild Kratts episodes#Season 5 (2017–19)|Wild Kratts Alaska: Hero's Journey]]''* |July 24, 2017 | |- |''Wild Alaska Live''* |July 29, 2017 | |- |''[[List of Arthur episodes#Specials|Arthur and the Haunted Tree House]]''* |October 23, 2017 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Halloween Comes to PBS KIDS with New Programming, Games and Activities for the Entire Family |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/halloween-comes-to-pbs-kids-with-new-programming-games-and-activities-for-the-entire-family/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=18 March 2023 |date=28 September 2017}}</ref> |- |''[[Once Upon a Sesame Street Christmas]]''* |November 22, 2017 |<ref>{{cite web |title=CPTV Parents E-Newsletter |url=https://cptv.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/CPTV-Parents-E-Newsletter_November-2017_Thanksgiving-Edition.pdf |publisher=CPTV |access-date=14 March 2023 |date=1 November 2017}}</ref> |- |''[[The Gruffalo]]''* |rowspan=4|December 1, 2017 | |- |''[[The Gruffalo's Child]]''* | |- |''[[Stick Man]]''* | |- |''[[Room on the Broom]]''* | |- |''[[List of Odd Squad episodes#Odd Squad: World Turned Odd (2018)|Odd Squad: World Turned Odd]]''* |January 15, 2018 | |- |''[[List of Nature Cat episodes#Specials|Nature Cat: The Return of Bad Dog Bart]]''* |July 16, 2018 | |- |''[[Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood|The Daniel Tiger Movie: Won't You Be My Neighbor?]]''* |September 17, 2018 | |- |''[[Magic Light Pictures|The Highway Rat]]''* |December 7, 2018 | |- |''[[Let's Go Luna!#Special (2018)|Let's Go Luna!: Luna's Christmas Around the World]]''* |December 10, 2018 | |- |''[[List of Odd Squad episodes#Odd Squad: Odds and Ends (2019)|Odd Squad: Odds and Ends]]''* |January 21, 2019 | |- |''[[List of Sesame Street episodes#Specials|The Magical Wand Chase: A Sesame Street Special]]''* |March 25, 2019 | |- |''[[List of Cyberchase episodes#Season 12 (2019–20)|Cyberchase: Space Waste Odyssey]]''* |April 19, 2019 | |- |''[[List of Ready Jet Go! episodes#Films|Ready Jet Go!: One Small Step]]''* |June 17, 2019 | |- |''[[Pinkalicious & Peterrific#Specials|Pinkalicious and Peterrific: A Pinkaperfect Birthday]]''* |August 5, 2019 | |- |''[[List of Nature Cat episodes#Specials|Nature Cat: A Nature Carol]]''* |November 29, 2019 | |- |''[[List of Arthur episodes#Specials|Rhythm and Roots of Arthur]]''* |January 20, 2020 | |- |''[[List of Odd Squad episodes#Odd Squad: Odd Beginnings (2020)|Odd Squad: Odd Beginnings]]''* |February 17, 2020 | |- |''[[Xavier_Riddle_and_the_Secret_Museum#Xavier_Riddle_and_the_Secret_Movie:_I_Am_Madam_President|Xavier Riddle and the Secret Movie: I Am Madam President]]''* |March 16, 2020 | |- |''[[Sesame Street: Elmo's Playdate]]'' |April 14, 2020 |<ref name=playdate>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sesameworkshop.org/press-room/press-releases/primetime-special-sesame-street-elmos-playdate-offer-families-connection|title=Primetime Special 'Sesame Street: Elmo's Playdate' to Offer Families Connection in Challenging Times|date=2020-04-08|website=[[Sesame Workshop]]|language=en|access-date=2020-04-25}}</ref> |- |''[[List of Wild Kratts episodes#Season 6 (2019–2021)|Wild Kratts: Amazin' Amazon Adventure]]''* |April 20, 2020 | |- |''[[When You Wish Upon A Pickle: A Sesame Street Special]]''* |July 13, 2020 | |- |''[[Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood|Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood Won't You Sing Along with Me?]]''* |August 17, 2020 | |- |''PBS Kids Talk About: Race and Racism''* |October 9, 2020 | |- |''[[Sesame Street|The Power of We: A Sesame Street Special]]''* |October 15, 2020 |<ref name=powerofwe>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sesameworkshop.org/press-room/press-releases/power-we-sesame-street-special-debuts-thursday-october-15-help-children|title='The Power of We: A Sesame Street Special' Debuts on Thursday, October 15, To Help Children Stand Up To Racism|date=2020-10-08|website=[[Sesame Workshop]]|language=en|access-date=2023-03-14}}</ref> |- |''[[List of Arthur episodes#Specials|An Arthur Thanksgiving]]''* |November 16, 2020 | |- |''[[Pinkalicious & Peterrific#Specials|Pinkalicious and Peterrific: Cupid Calls It Quits]]''* |February 8, 2021 | |- |''[[Dinosaur Train|Dinosaur Train: Adventure Island]]''* |April 12, 2021 | |- |''[[Molly of Denali|Molly of Denali: Molly and the Great One]]''* |June 7, 2021 | |- |''[[List of Wild Kratts episodes#Season 6 (2019–2021)|Wild Kratts: Cats and Dogs]]''* |July 12, 2021 | |- |''[[List of Arthur episodes#Specials|Arthur's First Day]]''* |September 6, 2021 | |- |''[[Sesame Street|See Us Coming Together: A Sesame Street Special]]''* |November 25, 2021 | |- |''[[The Monster at the End of This Book: Starring Lovable, Furry Old Grover#Sequels and adaptations|Sesame Street: The Monster at the End of This Story]]''* |March 7, 2022 | |- |''[[Elinor Wonders Why|Elinor Wonders Why: A Wonderful Journey]]''* |April 18, 2022 | |- |''[[Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood|Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood: Daniel Visits a New Neighborhood]]''* |June 20, 2022 | |- |''[[Curious George (franchise)|Curious George 4: Royal Monkey]]''* | rowspan="2" |July 1, 2022 | |- |''[[Curious George (franchise)|Curious George 5: Go West, Go Wild]]''* | |- |''[[Sesame Street|Sesame Street: Furry Friends Forever: Elmo Gets a Puppy]]''* |March 13, 2023 | |- |''[[List of Ready Jet Go! episodes#Films|Ready Jet Go!: Space Camp]]''* |July 20, 2023 | |- |''[[Sesame Street|Sesame Street: The Nutcracker: Starring Elmo & Tango]]''* |December 2, 2023 | |- |''[[Tad Hills|Rocket Saves the Day]]''* |December 26, 2023 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Whittock |first1=Jesse |title=PBS Kids Takes Off With TV Movie 'Rocket Saves The Day' |url=https://deadline.com/2023/09/pbs-kids-tv-movie-rocket-saves-the-day-thunderbird-entertainment-1235557216/ |website=Deadline |access-date=7 January 2024 |date=28 September 2023}}</ref> |- |''[[Wild Kratts|Wild Kratts: Our Blue and Green World]]''* |April 1, 2024 |<ref name="apr24">{{cite web |author1=PBS Publicity |title=PBS KIDS Kicks Off Spring with a Slate of New Content for the Whole Family |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-kicks-off-spring-with-a-slate-of-new-content-for-the-whole-family/ |website=About PBS - Main |access-date=24 April 2024 |location=Arlington, VA |language=en |date=21 February 2024}}</ref><ref name="apr24a">{{cite web |title=More Spring Fun with LPB and PBS KIDS! |url=https://www.lpb.org/newsletters/parent-newsletter-apr2024 |website=Louisiana Public Broadcasting |access-date=24 April 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Nature Cat|Nature Cat’s Nature Movie Special Extraordinaire]]'' |April 22, 2024 |<ref name="apr24"/><ref name="apr24a"/> |- |''[[The Okee Dokee Brothers|Brambletown]]''* |July 26, 2024 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nelson |first1=Dustin |title=Family music duo, The Okee Dokee Brothers, bring new film to PBS |url=https://bringmethenews.com/minnesota-lifestyle/family-music-duo-the-okee-dokee-brothers-bring-new-film-to-pbs |website=Bring Me The News |access-date=27 July 2024 |language=en |date=22 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Starks |first1=Tiara |title=Joe Mailander of The Okee Dokee Brothers on creating PBS KIDS' Brambletown, making music, and myths |url=https://theparentwatch.com/posts/joe-mailander-the-okee-dokee-brothers-brambletown-01j15d06pjh7 |website=The Parent Watch |access-date=27 July 2024 |date=26 July 2024}}</ref> |- |''Mystery League''* |March 22, 2025 |<ref name="mysteryleague">{{cite web |title=Mystery League |url=https://pw.myersinfosys.com/wosu/airlist/34.4/959334/detail |website=pw.myersinfosys.com |access-date=9 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250109230041/https://pw.myersinfosys.com/wosu/airlist/34.4/959334/detail |archive-date=9 January 2025 |date=9 January 2025}}</ref> |- |''Acoustic Rooster and His Barnyard Band'' |May 1, 2025 |<ref name="rooster">{{cite press release|title=PBS KIDS to Debut ACOUSTIC ROOSTER, Based on Bestselling Author Kwame Alexander's Children's Book|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-to-debut-acoustic-rooster-based-on-bestselling-author-kwame-alexanders-childrens-book/|website=[[PBS]]|access-date=24 February 2025|date=24 February 2025}}</ref> |} ===Special programming from American Public Television=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Initial broadcast date !Source(s) |- |''[[Davy Jones' Locker]]'' |November 1, 1997 | |- |''[[Barney's Great Adventure]]'' |October 1, 2000 | |- |''[[Redwall (TV series)|The Redwall Movie]]'' |c. 2002 |<ref name="apt2002">{{cite web |title=APT DOMESTIC CATALOG |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/bpt?OpenView&Start=1&Count=30&Expand=6#6 |access-date=7 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021128103250/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/bpt?OpenView&Start=1&Count=30&Expand=6#6 |archive-date=28 November 2002 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[The Star of Christmas|VeggieTales: The Star of Christmas]]'' |December 23, 2002 |<ref name="apt2002"/> |- |''[[Duke and the Great Pie War|VeggieTales: Duke and the Great Pie War]]'' |April 1, 2005 |<ref>{{cite web |title=VEGGIETALES: DUKE AND THE GREAT PIE WAR |url=http://www.aptonline.org:80/catalog.nsf/vTitle/VEGGIETALES:+DUKE+AND+THE+GREAT+PIE+WAR |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=7 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050305095835/http://www.aptonline.org:80/catalog.nsf/vTitle/VEGGIETALES:+DUKE+AND+THE+GREAT+PIE+WAR |archive-date=5 March 2005 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[Heidi 4 Paws|Heidi 4 Paws: A Furry Tale]]'' |November 23, 2008 |<ref>{{cite web |title=WTTW NATIONAL PRODUCTIONS PRESENTS HEIDI 4 PAWS: A FURRY TALE |url=https://www.wttw.com/main.taf?p=7,4,1,1,1,50 |access-date=12 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091006000446/https://www.wttw.com/main.taf?p=7,4,1,1,1,50 |archive-date=6 October 2009}}</ref> |- |''Science Mission 101'' |February 1, 2010 | |- |''[[Biz Kids]]: Three Minutes to Change the World'' |May 20, 2012 |<ref>{{cite web |title=BIZ KID$ -- THREE MINUTES TO CHANGE THE WORLD American Public Television |url=http://aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/BIZ+KID+--+THREE+MINUTES+TO+CHANGE+THE+WORLD |website=aptonline.org |access-date=31 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120526235909/http://aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/BIZ+KID+--+THREE+MINUTES+TO+CHANGE+THE+WORLD |archive-date=26 May 2012 |date=26 May 2012}}</ref> |- |''Lost Treasure Hunt'' |October 1, 2014 | |} ===Acquired special programming=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Initial broadcast date !Source(s) |- |''[[A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving]]'' |November 22, 2020 |{{refn|group=note|name=acbt|Aired twice (November 22, 2020 and November 21, 2021) on PBS and PBS Kids 24/7.}}<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=November 19, 2020 |title=Apple & PBS Team Up For Broadcasts of "A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving" & "A Charlie Brown Christmas" |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/apple-pbs-team-up-for-broadcasts-of-a-charlie-brown-thanksgiving-a-charlie-brown-christmas/ |work=[[PBS]]}}</ref> |- |''[[A Charlie Brown Christmas]]'' |December 13, 2020 |{{refn|group=note|name=acbc|Aired twice (December 13, 2020 and December 19, 2021) on PBS and PBS Kids 24/7.}}<ref name="auto1"/> |- |''[[It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown]]'' |October 24, 2021 |{{refn|group=note|name=itgpcb|Aired only once (October 24, 2021) on PBS and PBS Kids 24/7.}}<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |title=It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown Will Not Air on Broadcast TV This Year |url=https://comicbook.com/horror/news/charlie-brown-great-pumpkin-halloween-streaming-apple-tv-plus/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=Horror |date=October 11, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> |- |''MeteoHeroes: The Adventure Begins - Earth Day Special'' |April 22, 2022 |{{refn|group=note|name=KVIE|Syndicated to public television stations by KVIE.}}<ref name="meteo">{{cite web |date=May 1, 2022|title=MeteoHeroes Premieres on PBS on Earth Day and Inspires New Environmental Awards|url=https://www.anbmedia.com/news/2022/05/meteoheroes-pbs-earth-day/ |work=aNb Media}}</ref> |} ==Web-exclusive programming== The following programming is exclusive to PBS Kids web-based platforms, such as the PBS Kids website, PBS Kids Video app, and other streaming platforms. This content is not broadcast by PBS Kids and has never been aired on television. * <sup>1</sup> Co-distributed by [[Amazon Prime Video]], the official streaming partner for PBS Kids programming.<ref name="pbs.org"/> ===Short-form programming=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Release date !End date !Source(s) |- |''Wilson & Ditch: Digging America'' |Fall 2009 |2018 |<ref>{{cite web |title='WILSON & DITCH: DIGGING AMERICA' NEW PBS CHILDREN'S WEB-ONLY SOCIAL STUDIES SERIES ON PBSKIDSGO.ORG THIS FALL (August 2, 2009) |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/wilson-ditch-digging-america-new-pbs-childrens-web-only-social-studies-series-on-pbskidsgoorg-this-fall-august-2-2009/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=15 March 2023 |date=2 August 2009}}</ref> |- |''Fizzy's Lunch Lab'' |November 16, 2009 |February 2021 |<ref>{{cite web |title=LAUGHTER IS THE KEY INGREDIENT IN FIZZY'S LUNCH LAB," A NEW HEALTH-THEMED WEB-ONLY PROPERTY LAUNCHING NOVEMBER 16 ON PBSKIDSGO.ORG |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/laughter-is-the-key-ingredient-in-fizzys-lunch-lab-a-new-health-themed-web-only-property-launching-november-16-on-pbskidsgoorg-september-30-2009/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=15 March 2023 |date=30 September 2009}}</ref> |- |''Chuck Vanderchuck's "Something Something" Explosion'' |2011 |2018 |<ref name="2011web"/> |- |''Plum Landing''<sup>1</sup> |April 22, 2014 | rowspan="10" |present |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Longwell |first1=Todd |title=PBS Kids explores Earth with cross-platform environmental series |url=https://kidscreen.com/2014/04/22/pbs-kids-explores-earth-with-cross-platform-environmental-series/ |website=Kidscreen |access-date=4 May 2024 |date=22 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PBS KIDS Debuts New Web-original Property and Free App: PLUM LANDING |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-debuts-new-web-original-property-and-free-app-plum-landing/ |website=About PBS - Main |access-date=4 May 2024 |language=en |date=22 April 2014}}</ref> |- |''[[Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman#Ruff Ruffman: Humble Media Genius|Ruff Ruffman: Humble Media Genius]]'' |November 26, 2014 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wgbhkids.com/ruff-ruffman-humble-media-genius/|title=Ruff Ruffman|date=15 May 2014}}</ref> |- |''[[The Ruff Ruffman Show]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 28, 2017 |<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-announces-the-return-of-fan-favorite-with-new-digital-series-the-ruff-ruffman-show/ PBS KIDS Announces the Return of Fan Favorite with New Digital Series: THE RUFF RUFFMAN SHOW. "PBS.org"]. Accessed November 20, 2017.</ref> |- |''PBS Kids Talk About'' |2018 | |- |''Scribbles and Ink''<sup>1</sup> |December 16, 2019 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roettgers |first1=Janko |title=PBS Kids Launches Interactive Online Series 'Scribbles and Ink' |url=https://variety.com/2019/digital/news/pbs-kids-scribbles-ink-interactive-series-1203445850/ |website=Variety |access-date=4 May 2024 |date=17 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Scribbles & Ink |url=https://www.globalmechanic.com/news/view/scribbles-and-ink |website=Global Mechanic |access-date=4 May 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Fetch!_with_Ruff_Ruffman#Team_Hamster!|Team Hamster]]'' |December 28, 2020 |- |''Search It Up!'' |2020 | |- |''Mega Wow!'' |2021 |<ref>{{cite web |title=PBS KIDS Mega Wow will make you say Mega. Wow. |url=https://www.sisbro.com/news-blog/2021/9/9/pbs-kids-mega-wow-will-make-you-say-mega-wow |website=Sisbro Studios |access-date=4 May 2024 |date=9 September 2021}}</ref> |- |''Tiny Time Travel'' |March 15, 2024 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Eakin |first1=Marah |title='Tiny Time Travel' shorts help kids learn emotional literacy |url=https://current.org/2024/03/tiny-time-travel-shorts-help-kids-learn-emotional-literacy/ |website=Current |access-date=4 May 2024 |date=26 March 2024}}</ref> |} ===Podcasts=== *''[[Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman]]'' Podcast (May 22, 2007−September 19, 2010)<ref>{{cite web |title=FETCH! . Podcasts . PBS KIDS GO! |url=http://pbskids.org/fetch/show/podcasts.html |website=pbskids.org |access-date=4 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923144051/http://pbskids.org/fetch/show/podcasts.html |archive-date=23 September 2010 |date=23 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=FETCH! with Ruff Ruffman . Podcast . PBS KIDS GO! |url=https://podbay.fm/p/fetch-with-ruff-ruffman-podcast-or-pbs-kids-go |website=podbay.fm |access-date=4 May 2024}}</ref> *''[[Molly of Denali|Molly of Denali Podcast]]'' (May 30, 2019−April 21, 2021) *''[[Pinkalicious & Peterrific|The Pinkalicious & Peterrific Podcast]] ''(October 28, 2020−March 13, 2025) *''[[Odd Squad|Odd Squadcast]]'' (December 2, 2020−December 30, 2020) *''[[Arthur|The Arthur Podcast]]'' (October 20, 2022−December 14, 2023) *''Keyshawn Solves It'' (May 29, 2023−June 19, 2023) *''[[123 Andrés|Jamming on the Job]]'' (September 14, 2023−present) *''[[Work It Out Wombats!|Work It Out Wombats! Podcast]]'' (January 4, 2024−present) *''[[Lyla in the Loop|Lyla’s Loopcast]] '' (May 8, 2025-present) == Notes == {{reflist|group=note}} ==References== {{reflist}} {{PBS Kids shows}}{{DEFAULTSORT:List of programs broadcast by PBS Kidso}} [[Category:PBS Kids|*]] [[Category:Lists of television series by network|PBS Kids]] nft5sb4gucuqj5ljwvruvppkyh63hyf 10369495 10369480 2025-07-03T11:56:02Z 174.70.123.64 /* Local reruns */ 10369495 wikitext text/x-wiki The following is a list of [[television program]]s that are being [[Broadcasting|broadcast]] or have been broadcast in the past on [[Public broadcasting|public television]] in the [[United States]] on the [[PBS Kids]] [[television channel]] (the original channel and its [[revival]]) and the PBS Kids [[Programming block|block]] on local [[PBS]] [[Television station|stations]]. ==Current programming== * <sup>1</sup> Co-distributed by [[Amazon Prime Video]], the official streaming partner for PBS Kids programming.<ref name="pbs.org">{{cite web |title=Amazon Prime Video Is now the Exclusive Premium Subscription Streaming Home for Family-Favorite PBS KIDS Series |website=[[PBS]] |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/amazon-prime-video-is-now-the-exclusive-premium-subscription-streaming-home-for-family-favorite-pbs-kids-series/ |access-date=12 March 2023}}</ref> * <sup>2</sup> Co-distributed on the PBS Retro streaming channel. ===Original programming=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''[[Mister Rogers' Neighborhood]]''<sup>1</sup> <sup>2</sup> |February 19, 1968 |{{refn|group=note|name=mrn|National runs ended when spinoff series ''[[Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood]]'' began airing on September 3, 2012, but reruns of select episodes have since returned as of June 10, 2017 (PBS) and temporarily October 8, 2022 through February 5, 2023 (PBS Kids 24/7).}}{{refn|group=note|name=pbsretro|Reruns began streaming on the PBS Retro channel on April 23, 2024.}} |- |''[[Sesame Street]]'' |November 10, 1969 |{{refn|group=note|name=ss|''Sesame Street'' was notably absent from PBS Kids 24/7 until the channel relaunched on January 16, 2017 due to conflicting cable broadcast rights with [[Noggin (brand)|Noggin]] and [[Sesame Workshop|Children's Television Workshop]]. <br/> Premieres moved to [[HBO]] in 2016 and [[HBO Max]] in 2020, but ''Sesame Street'' has aired consistently on public television in some capacity since its original debut.}} |- |''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]''<sup>1</sup> |October 7, 1996 | |- |''[[Cyberchase]]''<sup>1</sup> |January 21, 2002 | |- |''[[Curious George (TV series)|Curious George]]'' |September 4, 2006 |{{refn|group=note|name=cg|''Curious George'' was notably absent from PBS Kids 24/7 until October 5, 2020 due to conflicting streaming rights with [[Hulu]] and [[NBCUniversal]].<br/> Premieres moved to [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]] in 2020, but ''Curious George'' has aired consistently on public television in some capacity since its original debut.}}{{Refn|group=note|name=end2024|National runs on PBS ended on September 30, 2024. Reruns continue on PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[Super Why!]]''<sup>1</sup> |rowspan=2|September 3, 2007 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2019|National runs on PBS ended on July 12, 2019. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[WordGirl]]''<sup>1</sup> |{{refn|group=note|name=end2017a|National runs on PBS ended on June 2, 2017. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and periodically on PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[Sid the Science Kid]]'' |September 1, 2008 | |- |''[[Dinosaur Train]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 7, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2024a|National runs on PBS ended on February 4, 2024. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!]]'' |September 6, 2010 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2021|National runs on PBS ended on October 1, 2021 with specials airing periodically through December 25, 2022. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[Wild Kratts]]''<sup>1</sup> |January 3, 2011 | |- |''[[Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 3, 2012 | |- |''[[Peg + Cat]]''<sup>1</sup> |October 7, 2013 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2021a|National runs on PBS ended on October 1, 2021 with specials airing periodically through December 23, 2022. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[Odd Squad (TV series)|Odd Squad]]''<sup>1</sup> |November 26, 2014 |<ref>{{cite web |title=New Live-Action Series ODD SQUAD to Premiere on PBS KIDS This November |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20140514005941/en/New-Live-Action-Series-ODD-SQUAD-to-Premiere-on-PBS-KIDS-This-November |website=www.businesswire.com |access-date=2 February 2024 |location=San Francisco, CA |language=en |date=14 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Eakin |first1=Marah |title='Odd Squad' abroad: Hit PBS Kids series expands to UK |url=https://current.org/2023/11/odd-squad-abroad-hit-pbs-kids-series-expands-to-uk/ |website=Current |access-date=2 February 2024 |date=13 November 2023 |quote=...the next season of "Odd Squad," debuting on PBS in late 2024.}}</ref><ref name="odduk">{{cite web|url=https://issuu.com/brunico-issuu/docs/kidscreen_octobernovember23|title=Sinking Ship Entertainment print ad (pages 4-7)|magazine=Kidscreen (October/November 2023)|date=October 10, 2023 }}</ref> |- |''[[Nature Cat]]''<sup>1</sup> |November 25, 2015 |<ref name=Cast>{{cite web|title=New PBS Kids Series Nature Cat Will Premiere November 25, 2015|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/new-pbs-kids-series-nature-cat-will-premiere-november-25-2015/|publisher=Public Broadcasting Service|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923090336/http://www.pbs.org/about/news/archive/2015/nature-cat-premiere/|archive-date=September 23, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |''[[Ready Jet Go!]]''<sup>1</sup> |February 15, 2016 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2023|National runs on PBS ended on February 3, 2023. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[Pinkalicious & Peterrific]]''<sup>1</sup> |February 19, 2018 |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dandelionmoms.com/2017/05/pinkalicious-peterrific-is-coming-to-pbs-kids-next-february/ |title=Pinkalicious & Peterrific is coming to PBS Kids next February! |publisher=Dandelionmoms.com |date=May 18, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017}}</ref> |- |''[[Let's Go Luna!]]''<sup>1</sup> |November 21, 2018 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2024b|National runs on PBS ended on February 4, 2024. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}}<ref name=AM>{{cite web|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/pbs-kids-gets-refreshed-ruff-ruffman-joe-murrays-luna-around-the-world/|title=PBS KIDS Gets Refreshed 'Ruff Ruffman,' Joe Murray's 'Luna Around the World'|author=Mercedes Milligan|work=[[Animation Magazine]]|date=July 31, 2017|access-date=July 23, 2018}}</ref> |- |''[[Molly of Denali]]''<sup>1</sup> |July 15, 2019 |<ref name="playback">[http://playbackonline.ca/2018/05/09/pbs-kids-orders-first-alaskan-native-series/ "PBS Kids orders animated series from Atomic Cartoons"]. ''[[Playback (magazine)|Playback]]'', May 9, 2018.</ref> |- |''[[Xavier Riddle and the Secret Museum]]''<sup>1</sup> |November 11, 2019 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-announces-new-series-xavier-riddle-and-the-secret-museum-premiering-november-11-2019/|title=PBS KIDS Announces New Series XAVIER RIDDLE AND THE SECRET MUSEUM, Premiering November 11, 2019 |publisher=[[PBS]]|access-date=February 1, 2019}}</ref> |- |''[[Clifford the Big Red Dog (2019 TV series)|Clifford the Big Red Dog]]'' (2019) |December 7, 2019 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2022|National runs on PBS ended on September 30, 2022. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}}<ref name=Milligan_June2019>{{cite web |date=June 4, 2019 |first=Mercedes |last=Milligan |title=Scholastic's New 'Clifford the Big Red Dog' Launches in December |website=Animation Magazine |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/scholastics-new-clifford-the-big-red-dog-launches-in-december/ }}</ref> |- |''[[Hero Elementary]]''<sup>1</sup> |June 1, 2020 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2023c|National runs on PBS ended on February 2, 2024. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-announces-new-series-hero-elementary-premiering-summer-2020/|title=PBS KIDS Announces New Series HERO ELEMENTARY, Premiering Summer 2020 {{!}} PBS About|website=PBS KIDS Announces New Series HERO ELEMENTARY, Premiering Summer 2020 {{!}} PBS About|access-date=2019-12-05}}</ref> |- |''[[Elinor Wonders Why]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 7, 2020 | |- |''[[Donkey Hodie (TV series)|Donkey Hodie]]''<sup>1</sup> |May 3, 2021 | |- |''[[Alma's Way]]''<sup>1</sup> |October 4, 2021 |<ref name="almasway">{{cite press release|title=New PBS Kids Series Alma's Way Premieres October 4|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/new-pbs-kids-series-almas-way-premieres-october-4/|publisher=[[PBS]]|date=August 10, 2021}}</ref> |- |''[[Rosie's Rules]]''<sup>1</sup> |October 3, 2022 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=PBS KIDS to Introduce New Series, ROSIE'S RULES, Premiering Fall 2022 |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-to-introduce-new-series-rosies-rules-premiering-fall-2022/ |website=[[PBS]]}}</ref> |- |''[[Work It Out Wombats!]]''<sup>1</sup> |February 6, 2023 |<ref name="wombats">{{cite press release|title=PBS KIDS Announces New Series, WORK IT OUT WOMBATS! Debuting Winter 2023|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-announces-new-series-work-it-out-wombats-debuting-winter-2023/|website=[[PBS]]}}</ref> |- |''[[Lyla in the Loop]]''<sup>1</sup> |February 5, 2024 |<ref name="lyla">{{cite press release|title=New PBS KIDS Series, LYLA IN THE LOOP, Launches February 5, 2024|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/new-pbs-kids-series-lyla-in-the-loop-launches-february-5-2024/|website=[[PBS]]}}</ref> |- |''[[Milo (TV series)|Milo]]''<sup>1</sup> |October 1, 2024 |{{refn|group=note|name=PK|Exclusive to PBS Kids 24/7.}}{{refn|group=note|name=milostreaming|''Milo'' was first available on PBS Kids streaming platforms and Amazon Prime Video starting on May 13, 2024.}}<ref name="may2024"/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Nordyke |first1=Kimberly |title=PBS Kids Sets Spring Slate With New Series 'Tiny Time Travel' and 'Milo,' Movies Based on 'Wild Kratts' and 'Nature Cat' (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/pbs-kids-tiny-time-travel-milo-wild-kratts-nature-cat-1235831431/ |website=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=25 February 2024 |date=21 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=EPISODES OF 'MILO' AVAILABLE IN THE UNITED STATES THIS FALL VIA PBS KIDS {{!}} DeAPlaneta Kids&Families |url=https://www.deaplanetakidsandfamily.com/en/episodes-milo-available-united-states-fall-pbs-kids |website=www.deaplanetakidsandfamily.com |access-date=1 October 2024 |date=26 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Milo Will Be Available on the PBS Kids Channel in the US, Starting October 1 |url=https://www.todotvnews.com/en/milo-will-be-available-on-the-pbs-kids-channel-in-the-us-starting-october-1/ |website=TTV News |access-date=1 October 2024 |date=26 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Milo' to be available on PBS Kids channel in USA |url=https://www.animationxpress.com/animation/kids-animated-series-milo-to-be-available-on-pbs-kids-channel-in-usa/ |website=www.animationxpress.com |access-date=1 October 2024 |date=26 September 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Carl the Collector]]''<sup>1</sup> |November 14, 2024 |<ref>{{cite web |title=CARL THE COLLECTOR, PBS KIDS' First Series Centering on an Autistic Main Character, Premieres Nov 14 |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/carl-the-collector-pbs-kids-first-series-centering-on-an-autistic-main-character-premieres-nov-14/ |website=About PBS - Main |access-date=16 July 2024 |location=Pasadena, CA |language=en |date=15 July 2024}}</ref><ref name="carl">{{cite web |last1=White |first1=Abbey |title='Carl the Collector,' PBS Kids' First Series Led by an Autistic Character, to Premiere in Fall 2024 (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/carl-the-collector-pbs-kids-2024-premiere-1235641724/ |website=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=10 November 2023 |date=9 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Amatangelo |first1=Amy |title='Carl the Collector,' a new animated PBS series, features characters with autism |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/tv/story/2024-11-14/carl-the-collector-autism-pbs-kids |website=Los Angeles Times |access-date=14 November 2024 |date=14 November 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Skillsville]]''<sup>1</sup> |March 3, 2025 |<ref name="skillsville">{{cite web |title=Skillsville |url=https://pw.myersinfosys.com/wosu/airlist/34.4/958442/detail |website=pw.myersinfosys.com |access-date=9 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250109230119/https://pw.myersinfosys.com/wosu/airlist/34.4/958442/detail |archive-date=9 January 2025 |date=9 January 2025}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{cite web|title=Department of Education Funds TPT's New Project 'Mashopolis'|url=https://www.tpt.org/post/department-education-funds-tpts-new-project-mashopolis/|publisher=[[Twin Cities Public Television]]|date=September 30, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Skillsville |url=https://sphere-media.com/en/animations/skillsville/ |website=Sphere Media Productions |access-date=1 October 2023}}</ref> |} ====Local reruns==== The following programs are currently airing on select local PBS stations only. They are no longer distributed nationally, though are still available for local stations to air independently. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !National run end date !Source(s) |- |''[[Reading Rainbow]]'' |June 6, 1983 |August 28, 2009 | |- |''Barney & Friends'' |April 6, 1992 |November 14, 2015 | |- |''[[Kratts' Creatures]]'' |June 3, 1996 |June 9, 2000 | |- |''[[Zoboomafoo]]'' |January 25, 1999 |February 1, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end1999b|Reruns ended on December 23, 2017 on selected PBS stations.}} |- |''Dragon Tales'' |September 6, 1999 |August 31, 2010 | |- |''Between the Lions'' |April 3, 2000 |August 31, 2011 | |- |''[[Caillou]]'' |September 4, 2000 |December 27, 2020 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2000b|Reruns ended on December 31, 2020 on selected PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Clifford the Big Red Dog (2000 TV series)|Clifford the Big Red Dog]]'' (2000) |September 4, 2000 |October 2, 2022 |{{refn|group=note|name=clifford|National runs ended on May 30, 2014 (PBS) and October 2, 2022 (PBS Kids 24/7). Reruns continue on select local PBS stations only.}} |- |''[[The Berenstain Bears (2002 TV series)|The Berenstain Bears]]''<sup>1</sup> |January 6, 2003 |February 1, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=bb|National runs ended on February 1, 2009 (PBS) and September 26, 2005 (PBS Kids 24/7). Reruns continue on select local PBS stations only.}}<ref name="bbslm">{{cite press release|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-berenstain-bearsr-bring-40-years-of-literary-history-to-pbs-kids-with-premiere-of-15-minute-animated-tv-series-76827102.html|title=The Berenstain Bears(R) Bring 40 Years of Literary History to 'PBS KIDS' With Premiere of 15-Minute Animated TV Series|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822181921/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-berenstain-bearsr-bring-40-years-of-literary-history-to-pbs-kids-with-premiere-of-15-minute-animated-tv-series-76827102.html|access-date=January 22, 2021|archive-date=2017-08-22}}</ref> |- |''[[Clifford's Puppy Days]]''<sup>3</sup> <sup>4</sup> |September 15, 2003 |April 22, 2022 | |- |''[[Jakers! The Adventures of Piggley Winks]]'' |September 7, 2003 |August 31, 2008 | |- |''Peep and the Big Wide World/Pocoyo'' |April 12, 2004 |December 26, 2021 | |- |''[[Postcards from Buster]]'' |rowspan=2|October 11, 2004 |February 24, 2012 | |- |''[[Maya & Miguel]]'' |June 25, 2023 |{{refn|group=note|name=maya|National runs ended on December 31, 2010. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations only.}} |- |''[[It's a Big Big World]]'' |January 2, 2006 |April 30, 2010 | |- |''[[Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman]]'' |May 29, 2006 |September 2, 2012 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2006d|Reruns ended on August 31, 2014 on selected PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Design Squad]]'' |February 28, 2007 |March 20, 2011 | |- |''[[WordWorld]]''<sup>4</sup> <sup>5</sup> |September 3, 2007 |October 2, 2022 | |- |''[[Martha Speaks (TV series)|Martha Speaks]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 1, 2008 |October 2, 2022 |{{refn|group=note|name=martha|National runs ended on December 29, 2017 (PBS) and October 2, 2022 (PBS Kids 24/7). Reruns continue on select local PBS stations only.}} |- |''[[SciGirls]]''<sup>1</sup> |February 11, 2010 |June 23, 2023 |{{refn|group=note|name=local|Broadcasts are exclusive to select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Splash and Bubbles]]'' |November 23, 2016 |October 2, 2022 | |- |''Esme & Roy'' |August 25, 2019 |June 27, 2021 | |} ===Programming from American Public Television=== The following programs are distributed by [[American Public Television]], not PBS itself. These programs are broadcast by select local PBS stations. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''[[Biz Kid$]]'' |January 6, 2008 | |- |''Roey's Paintbox'' |February 4, 2015 | |- |''Kid Stew'' |May 1, 2018 | |- |''Albie's Elevator'' |rowspan=2|September 4, 2023 |<ref name="whyy2023">{{cite web |last1=Rudnesky |first1=Franki |title=WHYY debuts two new children's TV shows made in Philadelphia |url=https://www.phillyvoice.com/whyy-childrens-tv-shows-philadelphia-albies-elevator-infinite-art-hunt/ |website=PhillyVoice |publisher=WWB Holdings, LLC |access-date=25 June 2023 |date=14 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ALBIE'S ELEVATOR American Public Television |url=https://www.aptonline.org/catalog/ALBIE-S-ELEVATOR |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=25 June 2023}}</ref> |- |''The Infinite Art Hunt'' |<ref name="whyy2023"/><ref>{{cite web |title=THE INFINITE ART HUNT American Public Television |url=https://www.aptonline.org/catalog/INFINITE-ART-HUNT-THE |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=25 June 2023}}</ref> |- |''Mia & Codie'' |January 2, 2025 |<ref>{{cite web |title=MIA & CODIE American Public Television |url=https://aptonline.org/catalog/MIA-CODIE |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=14 November 2024}}</ref> |- |''Vegesaurs'' |April 1, 2025 |<ref name="vegesaurs">{{cite web |title=Vegesaurs |url=https://www.aptonline.org/catalog/VEGESAURS |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=2 February 2025}}</ref> |} ===Programming from NETA=== The following programs are distributed by National Educational Telecommunications Association, not PBS itself. These programs are broadcast by select local PBS stations. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''[[Curious Crew]]'' |2017 | |- |''Into the Outdoors'' |June 3, 2020 | |- |''Let's Learn'' |December 14, 2020 | |- |''DIY Science Time'' |May 31, 2021 | |- |''Camp TV'' |June 16, 2021 | |- |''The Reading League's Reading Buddies'' |2022 | |- |''Wimee's Words'' |April 1, 2022 | |- |''Wordsville'' |January 10, 2025 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Wordsville |url=https://www.netaonline.org/episode/wordsville |publisher=NETA |access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref> |} ===Interstitial programming=== The following interstitials run for a minute and are usually shown at the start or end of a traditional, full-form program. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''PBS Kids Rocks!'' |September 6, 2010 |{{refn|group=note|Originally known as ''DJ Hooper'' until 2015.}} |- |''You Can Be Anything!'' |2016 | |- |''You, Me, and Community'' |rowspan=2|October 1, 2017 |<ref>{{cite web |title=You, Me & Community |url=https://www.globalmechanic.com/news/view/you-me-and-community |publisher=Global Mechanic |access-date=20 March 2023}}</ref> |- |''The Really Really Awesome Activity Challenge'' | |- |''Get Moving!'' |August 3, 2020 | |} ===Short-form programming=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''Oh Noah!'' |September 17, 2012 |{{refn|group=note|Originally known as ''Noah Comprende''.}}<ref name="2011web">{{cite web |title=PBS Launches New Spanish Language and Music Web Series on PBSKIDSGO.ORG |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-launches-new-spanish-language-and-music-web-series-on-pbskidsgoorg/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=15 March 2023 |date=11 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Dean |first1=Anthony |title=Minorities in cartoons: "Oh Noah!" |url=https://www.diversetechgeek.com/minorities-cartoons-oh-noah/ |website=Diverse Tech Geek |access-date=4 May 2024 |date=17 October 2013}}</ref> |- |''[[Elinor Wonders Why]]'s [[Jorge Cham|That's So Interesting!]]''<sup>1</sup> |May 3, 2021 | |- |''[[Fred Rogers Productions|Through the Woods]]''<sup>1</sup> |June 4, 2021 | |- |''Jelly, Ben and Pogo'' |October 4, 2021 |<ref name="almasway" /> |- |''[[Molly of Denali]]: The Big Gathering''<sup>1</sup> |November 1, 2022 | |- |''[[City Island (TV series)|City Island]]''<sup>1</sup> |December 26, 2022 |<ref name="cityisland">{{cite press release|title=CITY ISLAND Shorts to Premiere on PBS KIDS, December 26, 2022|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/city-island-shorts-to-premiere-on-pbs-kids-december-26-2022/|website=[[PBS]]}}</ref> |- |''What Can You Become?'' |March 3, 2023 | |- |''[[Super_Why!#Spin-off_series|Super Why's Comic Book Adventures]]''<sup>1</sup> |October 18, 2023 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Y-E-S, yes, the new 'Super Why!' musical shorts will premiere on PBS Kids Oct. 18 |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/tv/story/2023-09-20/super-why-comic-book-adventures-pbs-kids-premiere-date |website=Los Angeles Times |access-date=18 October 2023 |date=20 September 2023}}</ref> |- |''[[Sesame Workshop|Together We Can]]'' |July 3, 2024 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stalcup |first1=Jamie |title=PBS KIDS Slates New Civics-Themed Content |url=https://worldscreen.com/tvkids/pbs-kids-slates-new-civics-themed-content/ |website=TVKIDS |access-date=4 July 2024 |date=27 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Reif |first1=Alex |title=PBS KIDS Launches Civics Music Video Series from Sesame Workshop – "Together We Can" |url=https://www.laughingplace.com/w/entertainment/pbs-kids-launches-civics-music-video-series-from-sesame-workshop-together-we-can/ |website=LaughingPlace.com |access-date=4 July 2024 |date=3 July 2024}}</ref> |} ===Blocks=== {| class="wikitable" sortable !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |PBS Kids Family Night |April 21, 2017 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=PBS Will Launch Family Night on New PBS Kids Channel |url=https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/pbs-kids-family-night-live-streaming-daniel-tiger-1201960775/ |access-date=December 10, 2022 |website=variety.com |date=January 15, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210161650/https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/pbs-kids-family-night-live-streaming-daniel-tiger-1201960775/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Elliott |first1=Belinda |title=WHRO - Don't Miss PBS Kids Family Night Every Saturday & Sunday |url=https://whro.org/kids-family/44938-pbs-kids-family-nights |website=whro.org |access-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214143451/https://whro.org/kids-family/44938-pbs-kids-family-nights |archive-date=14 February 2024 |date=12 February 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PBS Kids Family Nights - AZPM |url=https://www.azpm.org/s/46584-pbs-kids-family-nights/ |access-date=July 16, 2022 |website=www.azpm.org |language=en |archive-date=May 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527020411/https://www.azpm.org/s/46584-pbs-kids-family-nights/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |} ==Upcoming programming== ===Original programming=== {|class=wikitable sortable !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''Weather Hunters'' |September 8, 2025 |<ref name="roker">{{cite press release|title=WEATHER HUNTERS, New STEM Series Created by & Starring Al Roker, Launches on PBS KIDS, July 7, 2025|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/weather-hunters-new-animated-series-created-by-and-starring-al-roker-launches-on-pbs-kids-july-7/|website=[[PBS]] |access-date=22 January 2025 |date=22 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Weather Hunters Prescreening: Summer Shared Stories Series |url=https://www.pbsutah.org/blogs/events/weather-hunters-prescreening-summer-shared-stories-series/ |website=PBS Utah |access-date=18 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref> |- |''Phoebe & Jay'' |Fall 2025 |<ref name="phoebeandjay">{{cite press release|title=PBS KIDS Announces Newest Animated Series, PHOEBE & JAY, Premiering Fall 2025|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-announces-newest-animated-series-phoebe-jay-premiering-fall-2025/|website=[[PBS]] |access-date=22 January 2025 |date=22 January 2025}}</ref><ref name="2025new">{{cite web |last1=Shanfeld |first1=Ethan |title=Sheryl Lee Ralph, Holly Robinson Peete and LeVar Burton Join Al Roker's 'Weather Hunters' Animated Series (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/al-roker-weather-hunters-sheryl-lee-ralph-levar-burton-1236280394/ |website=Variety |access-date=22 January 2025 |date=22 January 2025}}</ref> |- |''The Day You Begin'' |TBA |<ref name="tdyb">{{cite web |last1=Whittock |first1=Jesse |title=PBS Kids Orders TV Adaptation Of Jacqueline Woodson's 'The Day You Begin' |url=https://deadline.com/2024/10/pbs-kids-the-day-you-begin-jacqueline-woodson-1236109102/ |website=Deadline |access-date=24 February 2025 |date=8 October 2024}}</ref> |} ===Acquired programming=== {|class=wikitable sortable !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''Piripenguins'' |TBA |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Milligan |first1=Mercedes |title=PBS Distribution Picks Up 'Piripenguins' for NorAm |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2024/10/pbs-distribution-picks-up-piripenguins-for-noram/ |website=Animation Magazine |access-date=9 June 2025 |date=14 October 2024}}</ref> |} ==Former programming== * <sup>1</sup> Co-distributed by [[Amazon Prime Video]], the official streaming partner for PBS Kids programming.<ref name="pbs.org"/> * <sup>2</sup> Co-distributed by [[Roku]] on the PBS Retro streaming channel. ===PTV=== ''For a list of earlier children’s programming on PBS, prior to the PTV block (such as [[Zoom (1972 TV series)|Zoom]] or [[3-2-1 Contact]]), see [[List of programs broadcast by PBS#Former programming|List of programs broadcast by PBS]].'' ====Original programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Square One Television]]'' |January 26, 1987 |October 7, 1994 | |- |''[[Shining Time Station]]'' |January 29, 1989 |June 11, 1998 | |- |''[[Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? (game show)|Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego?]]'' |September 30, 1991 |October 4, 1996 | |- |''[[Lamb Chop's Play-Along]]'' |January 13, 1992 |August 29, 1997 | |- |''[[Ghostwriter (1992 TV series)|Ghostwriter]]'' |October 4, 1992 |September 5, 1999 | |- |''[[Kino's Storytime|Storytime]]'' |October 11, 1992 |1999 |{{refn|group=note|name=storytime|National run began on June 6, 1994.}} |- |''[[The Magic School Bus (TV series)|The Magic School Bus]]'' |September 10, 1994 |September 25, 1998 | |- |''[[Bill Nye the Science Guy]]'' |October 10, 1994 |September 3, 1999 | |- |''[[Where in Time Is Carmen Sandiego? (game show)|Where in Time is Carmen Sandiego?]]'' |October 7, 1996 |September 25, 1998 | |- |''[[The Charlie Horse Music Pizza]]'' |January 5, 1998 |September 3, 1999 | |} ====Programming from [[American Program Service]]==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Pappyland]]'' |May 25, 1993 |September 3, 1999 | |- |''[[Kidsongs]]'' |April 4, 1994 |October 24, 1998 | |- |''[[The Adventures of Dudley the Dragon]]'' |September 18, 1994 |September 5, 1999 | |- |''Preschool Power'' |1995 |1998 | |- |''[[The Swamp Critters of Lost Lagoon]]'' |November 4, 1995 |December 27, 1997 | |- |''[[Bloopy's Buddies]]'' |January 6, 1996 |1998 | |- |''[[The Reppies]]'' |September 28, 1996 |November 2, 1996 | |- |''[[Groundling Marsh]]'' |1997 |1999 | |} ====Acquired programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Katie and Orbie]]'' |October 9, 1995 |November 6, 1997 | |- |''[[Salty's Lighthouse]]'' |December 6, 1997 |1998 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/248335953/ |title=28 Dec 1997, Page 116 - Tallahassee Democrat at |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1997-12-28 |access-date=2022-06-05}}</ref> |} ====Blocks==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Block title !Launch date !End date !Source(s) |- |The Game |October 7, 1996 |September 6, 1999 | |} ===PBS Kids=== ====Original programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Reading Rainbow]]''<sup>1</sup> <sup>2</sup> |July 11, 1983 |August 28, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=pbsretro}} <ref>{{cite web |author1=John J. O'Connor |title=TV:'READING RAINBOW,' NEW SERIES |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/07/11/books/tv-reading-rainbow-new-series.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=15 March 2023 |date=11 July 1983}}</ref><ref name="wned">{{cite web |title=Celebrating 60 Years: WNED PBS Marks its 60th Anniversary |url=https://www.wned.org/celebrating-60-years/ |website=Buffalo Toronto Public Media |access-date=21 January 2024 |language=en |date=30 March 2019 |quote=July 11, 1983 was the birth of one of WNED PBS’s most decorated series, “Reading Rainbow”.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=READING RAINBOW |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/reading-rainbow-august-28-2009/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=15 March 2023 |date=28 August 2009}}</ref> |- |''[[Barney & Friends]]'' |April 6, 1992 |November 14, 2015 |{{refn|group=note|name=end1992a|Reruns continued through August 31, 2016 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[The Puzzle Place]]'' |January 16, 1995 |March 31, 2000 | |- |''[[Plaza Sesamo]]'' |April 3, 1995 |January 4, 2010 |{{refn|group=note|name=plaza|Broadcasts were exclusive to select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Wishbone (TV series)|Wishbone]]'' |October 9, 1995 |August 31, 2014 |{{refn|group=note|name=end1995a|First run ended September 2, 2001. Reruns resumed approximately 2006 through August 31, 2014 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Kratts' Creatures]]''<sup>1</sup> <sup>2</sup> |June 3, 1996 |June 9, 2000 |{{refn|group=note|name=pbsretro}} |- |''[[Adventures from the Book of Virtues]]'' |September 2, 1996 |September 26, 2005 | |- |''[[Tots TV]]'' |October 7, 1996 |rowspan=2|September 1, 2002 | |- |''[[Theodore Tugboat]]'' |October 20, 1996 | |- |''[[Wimzie's House]]'' |September 1, 1997 |September 2, 2001 | |- |''[[Teletubbies]]'' |April 6, 1998 |August 29, 2008 | |- |''[[Noddy (TV series)|Noddy]]'' |August 31, 1998 |September 1, 2002 |{{refn|group=note|name=noddy|National runs on PBS Kids 24/7 ended June 10, 2001.}} |- |''[[Zoom (1999 TV series)|Zoom]]'' |January 4, 1999 |September 2, 2007 | |- |''[[Zoboomafoo]]''<sup>1</sup> <sup>2</sup> |January 25, 1999 |February 1, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end1999b|Reruns continued through December 23, 2017 on select local PBS stations.}}{{refn|group=note|name=pbsretro}} |- |''[[Dragon Tales]]'' |September 6, 1999 |August 31, 2010 | |- |''[[Between the Lions]]'' |April 3, 2000 |August 31, 2011 | |- |''[[Caillou]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 4, 2000 |December 27, 2020 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2000b|National runs ended on November 13, 2015 (PBS) and December 27, 2020 (PBS Kids 24/7). Reruns continued through December 31, 2020 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Corduroy (TV series)|Corduroy]]'' |rowspan=6|September 30, 2000 |rowspan=2|October 28, 2001 | |- |''[[Elliot Moose (TV series)|Elliot Moose]]'' | |- |''[[Timothy Goes to School]]'' |September 5, 2004 | |- |''[[Seven Little Monsters (TV series)|Seven Little Monsters]]'' |September 15, 2003 |{{refn|group=note|name=monsters|''Seven Little Monsters'' was part of the [[PBS Kids Bookworm Bunch|Bookworm Bunch]] block from September 30, 2000 through September 5, 2004; meanwhile, it was aired in the same half-hour timeslot alongside ''[[The Berenstain Bears (2002 TV series)|The Berenstain Bears]]'' from January 6 through September 12, 2003.}} <ref name="bbslm"/> |- |''[[George Shrinks]]'' |September 2, 2007 |{{refn|group=note|name=shrinks|''George Shrinks'' was part of the [[PBS Kids Bookworm Bunch|Bookworm Bunch]] block from September 30, 2000 through September 5, 2004; meanwhile, it was aired in its own half-hour timeslot from January 6, 2003 through September 2, 2007. Reruns continued through August 2008 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Marvin the Tap-Dancing Horse]]'' |September 5, 2004 | |- |''[[Jay Jay the Jet Plane]]'' |June 11, 2001 |May 31, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=jayjay|Reruns continued through June 26, 2009 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Anne of Green Gables: The Animated Series]]'' |September 2, 2001 |September 30, 2015 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2001a|''Anne of Green Gables: The Animated Series'' aired from September 2, 2001 through October 10, 2004 (PBS Kids 24/7) and through September 4, 2005 (PBS); later reruns were distributed to local PBS stations by [[American Public Television]] from April 5, 2010 through September 30, 2015.}} |- |''[[Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat]]'' |September 3, 2001 |February 1, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2001b|Reruns continued through August 30, 2009 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[DragonflyTV]]'' |January 19, 2002 |September 6, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2002a|Reruns continued through May 29, 2019 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Angelina Ballerina (TV series)|Angelina Ballerina]]'' |June 1, 2002 |August 29, 2015 | |- |''[[Liberty's Kids]]'' |September 2, 2002 |October 10, 2004 | |- |''[[Clifford's Puppy Days]]'' |September 1, 2003 |April 23, 2022 |{{refn|group=note|name=puppy|National runs ended on September 2, 2007 (PBS) with specials airing periodically through February 14, 2014 (PBS) and April 23, 2022 (PBS Kids 24/7).}} <ref>{{cite web |title=Award-Winning PBS KIDS® Launches New Programming This Fall 2003 |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/award-winning-pbs-kids-launches-new-programming-this-fall-2003-july-12-2003/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=13 March 2023 |date=12 July 2003}}</ref> |- |''[[Jakers! The Adventures of Piggley Winks]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 7, 2003 |rowspan=2 | August 31, 2008 | |- |''[[Boohbah]]'' |January 19, 2004 | |- |''[[Thomas & Friends]]''<sup>2</sup> |September 5, 2004 |December 31, 2017 |{{refn|group=note|name=pbsretro}} |- |''[[Postcards from Buster]]''<sup>1</sup> |October 11, 2004 |February 24, 2012 | |- |''[[Bob the Builder]]'' |January 1, 2005 |November 6, 2015 |{{refn|group=note|name=bob|After originally debuting on [[Nick Jr.]] in the United States on January 15, 2001, ''Bob the Builder'' was broadcast on PBS Kids from January 1, 2005 through November 6, 2015, when the series was replaced by the [[Bob the Builder (2015 TV series)|2015 reboot series]].}} <ref>{{cite web |last1=Everhart |first1=Karen |title=PBS, producers, Comcast wed to create digital kids' channel |url=https://current.org/2004/11/pbs-producers-comcast-wed-to-create-digital-kids-channel/ |website=Current |access-date=21 January 2024 |date=1 November 2004}}</ref><ref name="bobl">{{cite web |title=Watch Bob the Builder KLRU TV Schedule KLRU-TV, Austin PBS |url=http://www.klru.org/program/bob-the-builder/ |website=www.klru.org |access-date=21 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104015431/http://www.klru.org/program/bob-the-builder/ |archive-date=4 November 2015 |date=4 November 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''Toopy and Binoo'' |January 3, 2005 |December 29, 2006 | |- |''[[Make Way for Noddy]]'' |July 2, 2005 |September 6, 2009 | |- |''[[It's a Big Big World]]''<sup>1</sup> |January 2, 2006 |April 30, 2010 | |- |''[[Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman]]''<sup>1</sup> |May 29, 2006 |November 20, 2018 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2006d|First run ended September 2, 2012, with reruns continuing through August 31, 2014 on select local PBS stations. Reruns resumed January 16, 2017 through November 20, 2018 exclusively on PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[Franny's Feet]]'' |July 8, 2006 |September 6, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2006a|Reruns continued through November 25, 2012 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Design Squad]]''<sup>1</sup> |February 28, 2007 |March 20, 2011 | |- |''[[Peep and the Big Wide World]]''<sup>1</sup> |April 1, 2007 |December 26, 2021 |{{refn|group=note|name=peep|After originally debuting on [[Discovery Kids]] and [[TLC (TV network)|TLC]] on April 10, 2004, ''Peep and the Big Wide World'' was distributed to local PBS stations by [[American Public Television]] from April 1, 2007 through January 3, 2018; later reruns aired on PBS Kids 24/7 from January 1, 2018 through December 26, 2021.}} <ref>{{cite web |title=PEEP FAQ |url=http://www.peepandthebigwideworld.com/about/faq.html |access-date=12 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070420080633/http://www.peepandthebigwideworld.com/about/faq.html |archive-date=20 April 2007}}</ref><ref name="peep">{{cite web |title=PEEP AND THE BIG WIDE WORLD - American Public Television |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/GenreLookup/41653873E38CD1A485257281007550C7 |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091106004954/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/GenreLookup/41653873E38CD1A485257281007550C7 |archive-date=6 November 2009}}</ref> |- |''[[WordWorld]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 3, 2007 |October 2, 2022 |{{refn|group=note|name=ww|Reruns continued through July 30, 2023 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Mama Mirabelle's Home Movies]]'' |September 8, 2007 |rowspan=2|September 6, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2007a|Reruns continued through January 2, 2011 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Animalia (TV series)|Animalia]]'' |January 5, 2008 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2007a}} |- |''[[Betsy's Kindergarten Adventures]]'' |January 13, 2008 |May 31, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2008b|Reruns continued through October 6, 2013 on select local PBS stations.}} <ref>{{cite web |title=Betsy's Kindergarten Adventures PBS KIDS |url=http://pbskids.org/betsy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080115082246/http://pbskids.org/betsy/ |archive-date=15 January 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[Sid the Science Kid]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 1, 2008 |June 25, 2023 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2018|National runs ended on November 18, 2018 (PBS) and June 25, 2023 (PBS Kids 24/7).}} |- |''[[Lomax, the Hound of Music]]'' |October 11, 2008 |December 29, 2008 |<ref>{{cite web |title=KWBU Program Guide October 2008 |url=https://www.baylor.edu/content/services/document.php/73593.pdf |publisher=Baylor University |access-date=13 March 2023 |page=2}}</ref> |- |''[[The Electric Company (2009 TV series)|The Electric Company]]'' (2009) |January 19, 2009 |August 31, 2014 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Back From the '70s, Without the Zaniness |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/19/arts/television/19elec.html |work=The New York Times |date=January 18, 2009 |access-date=13 March 2023 |last1=Genzlinger |first1=Neil }}</ref> |- |''[[Angelina Ballerina: The Next Steps]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 5, 2009 |November 14, 2015 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2009a|Reruns continued through January 31, 2016 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Bob the Builder (2015 TV series)|Bob the Builder]]'' (2015) |November 7, 2015 |November 20, 2018 |<ref name=bobl/><ref>{{cite web |title=Let's Go! Bob the Builder |url=https://www.ket.org/episode/BOBL%20%20000901/ |website=www.ket.org |access-date=21 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620030524/https://www.ket.org/episode/BOBL%20%20000901/ |archive-date=20 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=TV Schedules - AZPM |url=https://tv.azpm.org/schedules/kuatkids/2015/11/7/#8:30.a.m. |website=tv.azpm.org |access-date=21 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref> |- |''[[Splash and Bubbles]]''<sup>1</sup> |November 23, 2016 |October 2, 2022 |{{refn|group=note|name=splash|Reruns continued through November 27, 2022 on select local PBS stations.}} <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/pbs-kids-dates-premiere-for-hensons-splash-and-bubbles|title=PBS Kids Dates Premiere for Henson's 'Splash and Bubbles'|author=Mercedes Milligan|work=[[Animation Magazine]]|date=May 21, 2016|access-date=November 23, 2016}}</ref> |- |''[[Esme & Roy]]'' |August 30, 2019 |June 27, 2021 |{{refn|group=note|name=PK|Exclusive to PBS Kids 24/7.}} <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-03-13|title=Esme & Roy Now Airing Weekends on CPTV PBS Kids 24/7|url=https://cptv.org/esme-and-roy/}}</ref> |- |''[[The Not-Too-Late Show with Elmo]]''<sup>1</sup> |February 10, 2023 |May 10, 2024 |{{refn|gproup=note|name=PK|Exclusive to PBS Kids 24/7.}} <ref name="elmo1">{{cite web |title=PBS Kids {{!}} TV Schedules - AZPM |url=https://tv.azpm.org/schedules/kuatkids/2023/02/10/ |website=tv.azpm.org |access-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510223219/https://tv.azpm.org/schedules/kuatkids/2023/02/10/ |archive-date=10 May 2024}}</ref><ref name="elmo2">{{cite web |title=PBS Kids {{!}} TV Schedules - AZPM |url=https://tv.azpm.org/schedules/kuatkids/2024/05/10/ |website=tv.azpm.org |access-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510223020/https://tv.azpm.org/schedules/kuatkids/2024/05/10/ |archive-date=10 May 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Mecha Builders]]'' |May 13, 2024 |April 30, 2025 |{{refn|group=note|name=PK|Exclusive to PBS Kids 24/7.}} <ref name="may2024">{{cite web |title=PBS KIDS on Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/C6hQr0WsBlq |website=www.instagram.com |access-date=10 May 2024 |date=3 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mecha Builders |url=https://www.tpt.org/mecha-builders/ |website=Twin Cities PBS |access-date=24 April 2024 |language=en |date=23 April 2024}}</ref> |} ====Programming from American Public Television==== The following programs were distributed by [[American Public Television]], not PBS itself. These programs were broadcast by select local PBS stations. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[The Huggabug Club]]'' |January 2, 1995 |July 28, 2000 | |- |''[[The Big Comfy Couch]]'' |January 9, 1995 |May 24, 2009 | |- |''Someday School'' |1998 |May 31, 2001 | |- |''[[Adventures with Kanga Roddy]]'' |April 4, 1999 |March 4, 2001 | |- |''Wish*A*Roo Park'' |June 6, 1999 |June 5, 2001 | |- |''[[Hello Mrs. Cherrywinkle]]'' |July 12, 1999 |September 6, 2001 | |- |''[[The Dooley and Pals Show]]'' |April 3, 2000 |June 5, 2003 | |- |''Alef...Bet...Blast-Off!'' |September 3, 2000 |September 2, 2009 | |- |''[[Redwall (TV series)|Redwall]]'' |April 1, 2001 |2006 |<ref>{{cite web |author1=Karen Everhart Bedford |title="Redwall," not for littlest kids |url=https://current.org/wp-content/uploads/archive-site/ch/ch0106redwall.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625033633/https://current.org/wp-content/uploads/archive-site/ch/ch0106redwall.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 25, 2020 |website=current.org |access-date=7 January 2024 |date=26 March 2001 }}</ref> |- |''[[The Toy Castle]]'' |2002 |2005 | |- |''[[Real Wheels]]'' |2003 |2004 | |- |''[[The Shapies]]'' |2004 |2006 | |- |''[[My Bedbugs]]'' |March 1, 2004 |November 2, 2005 | |- |''Mustard Pancakes'' |2005 |2007 | |- |''[[Auto-B-Good]]'' |January 17, 2005 |December 23, 2005 | |- |''[[Ribert and Robert's Wonderworld]]'' |September 4, 2005 |2016 | |- |''[[The Zula Patrol]]'' |September 10, 2005 |2022 |- |''[[Danger Rangers]]'' |September 5, 2005 |December 26, 2006 | |- |''[[Signing Time!]]'' |January 1, 2006 |January 19, 2008 | |- |''[[Sheira & Loli's Dittydoodle Works]]'' |April 22, 2006 |February 22, 2009 | |- |''[[SeeMore's Playhouse]]'' |September 10, 2006 |January 15, 2008 | |- |''[[The Saddle Club]]'' |September 3, 2006 |September 6, 2012 |<ref>{{cite web |title=SADDLE CLUB, THE American Public Television |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/SADDLE+CLUB+THE |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=9 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911193536/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/SADDLE+CLUB+THE |archive-date=11 September 2012}}</ref> |- |''[[Raggs]]'' |February 4, 2008 |February 18, 2009 | |- |''[[Wunderkind Little Amadeus]]'' |September 7, 2008 |September 6, 2020 | |- |''[[Scientastic!]]'' |September 2, 2010 |2014 | |- |''[[Bali (TV series)|Bali]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 12, 2010 |2021 | |- |''Wild Animal Baby Explorers'' |October 3, 2010 |June 29, 2014 | |- |''[[Space Racers]]'' |May 2, 2014 |October 31, 2016 |{{refn|group=note|name=space|Premieres moved to [[Universal Kids]] in 2016.}} <ref>{{cite web |title='Space Racers' to Premiere on Public Television this Spring |access-date=July 14, 2014 |publisher=Animation Magazine |author=Ramin Zahed |date=October 25, 2013 |url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/space-racers-premiere-public-television-spring}}</ref> |- |''Thomas Edison's Secret Lab'' |September 7, 2015 |2019 | |- |''[[Bug Bites (2016 TV series)|Bug Bites]]'' |January 4, 2016 |2018 | |- |''Ruby's Studio'' |January 7, 2016 |2021 | |- |''[[Mack & Moxy]]'' |February 5, 2016 |February 16, 2020 | |- |''Blue Chip Kids'' |March 1, 2017 |2021 | |} ====Acquired programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Newton's Apple]]'' |October 15, 1983 |October 31, 1999 | |- |''[[Mark Kistler's Imagination Station]]'' |October 14, 1991 |July 10, 1998 |{{refn|group=note|name=kistler|Reboot series began airing in 2009.}} |- |''The Eddie Files'' |1995 |2000 | |- |''Ricky's Room'' |1999 |2000 | |- |''[[Mary Lou's Flip Flop Shop]]'' |August 25, 2002 |September 22, 2002 |{{refn|group=note|name=ffs|Reruns aired on the PBS HD Channel from 2004 to 2007.}} |- |''[[MythQuest]]'' |2002 |2004 | |- |''[[Curiosity Quest]]'' |July 16, 2004 |2021 |{{refn|group=note|name=NETA|Syndicated to public television stations by the National Educational Telecommunications Association.}} |- |''[[Nanalan']]'' |July 2006 |2013 |<ref>{{cite web |title=PBS Pressroom - NANALAN' |url=http://pressroom.pbs.org/programs/nanalan |access-date=16 January 2024 |date=6 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071106030906/http://pressroom.pbs.org/programs/nanalan |archive-date=November 6, 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=nineMagazine - July/August 2013 by Nine PBS - Issuu |url=https://issuu.com/nine_magazine/docs/ninemag_septoct2013 |website=issuu.com |access-date=16 January 2024 |language=en |date=27 August 2013}}</ref> |- |''[[Miffy and Friends]]'' |2007 |2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=WLIW|Syndicated to public television stations by WLIW.}} |- |''[[Shalom Sesame]]'' |October 5, 2010 |October 11, 2011 | |- |''Kids for Positive Change'' |July 1, 2021 |June 30, 2024 |{{refn|group=note|name=NETA}} |} ====Interstitial programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''Dash's Game of the Day'' |September 4, 2006 |May 16, 2008 | |- |''Dot's Story Factory'' |September 3, 2007 |October 4, 2013 | |- |''Dash's Secret Treasure'' |rowspan=2|May 19, 2008 |rowspan=3|July 18, 2022 | |- |''Music Time with [[Steve Roslonek|SteveSongs]]'' | |- |''Dash's Dance Party'' |rowspan=2|September 7, 2009 | |- |''Adventures with Hooper'' |September 3, 2010 | |- |''Coach Hooper'' |rowspan=3|September 6, 2010 |rowspan=3|2020 | |- |''PBS Kids Field Trip'' | |- |''Where in the World is Hooper?'' | |- |''PBS Kids Spotlight'' |January 15, 2016 |July 18, 2022 | |} ====Short-form programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[The Amazing Colossal Adventures of WordGirl]]'' |November 10, 2006 |October 10, 2007 |<ref>{{cite web |title=PBS Expands Vocabulary with Wordgirl |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2006/11/pbs-expands-vocabulary-with-wordgirl/ |publisher=Animation Magazine |access-date=15 March 2023 |date=8 November 2006}}</ref> |- |''[[Pocoyo]]'' |January 4, 2010 |December 26, 2021 |{{refn|group=note|name=pocoyo|''Pocoyo'' was distributed to local PBS stations by [[American Public Television]] from January 4, 2010 through January 3, 2018, and it was aired in the same half-hour timeslot alongside ''Peep and the Big Wide World''; later reruns aired on PBS Kids 24/7 from January 1, 2018 through December 26, 2021.}}<ref name="peep/pocoyo">{{cite web |title=PEEP AND THE BIG WIDE WORLD II/POCOYO {{!}} American Public Television |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/PEEP+AND+THE+BIG+WIDE+WORLD+II+POCOYO |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910074428/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/PEEP+AND+THE+BIG+WIDE+WORLD+II+POCOYO |archive-date=10 September 2015}}</ref> |} ====Blocks==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Block title !Launch date !End date !Source(s) |- |[[PBS Kids Bookworm Bunch]] |September 30, 2000 |September 5, 2004 | |- |[[PBS Kids Go!]] |October 11, 2004 |rowspan=2|October 7, 2013 | |- |PBS Kids Preschool Block |September 4, 2006 | |} ==Special programming== Programs with marked with an asterisk (*) have been featured on the Family Night weekend primetime block on PBS Kids 24/7. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Initial broadcast date !Source(s) |- |''[[Noddy (TV series)|Noddy: Anything Can Happen At Christmas]]'' |December 6, 1998 | |- |''[[Zoom (1999 TV series)|Party with Zoom]]'' |1999 | |- |''[[Arthur's Perfect Christmas]]''* |November 23, 2000 | |- |''[[Zoom (1999 TV series)|Zoom: America's Kids Respond]]'' |September 20, 2001 |<ref>{{cite web |title=PBS Children's Series Offers Kids Ideas for Coping with the Aftermath of the Attacks On America |website=[[PBS]] |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-childrens-series-offers-kids-ideas-for-coping-with-the-aftermath-of-the-attacks-on-america-september-20-2001/ |access-date=12 March 2023 }}</ref> |- |''[[Barney & Friends|Barney's Christmas Star]]'' | rowspan="2" |2002 | |- |''[[Elmo's World|Elmo's World: Happy Holidays!]]'' | |- |''[[List of Arthur episodes#Specials|Arthur, It's Only Rock 'n' Roll]]'' |September 1, 2002 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fiasco |first1=Lance |title=The Backstreet Boys To Make Their Animated 'Arthur' Debut |url=https://idobi.com/news/the-backstreet-boys-to-make-their-animated-arthur-debut/ |website=idobi |access-date=15 September 2024 |date=29 July 2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Idaho PTV Program Listing - September 2002 Schedule |url=http://www.idahoptv.org/what/channels/Sep02/Sep.html#1 |website=idahoptv.org |access-date=15 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020914044129/http://www.idahoptv.org/what/channels/Sep02/Sep.html#1 |archive-date=2002-09-14 |date=14 September 2002}}</ref> |- |[[Zoom (1999 TV series)|''Zoom: America's Kids Remember'']] |September 8, 2002 | |- |''[[Bob the Builder|Bob the Builder Snowed Under: The Bobblesberg Winter Games]]'' |December 17, 2005 | |- |''[[Arthur's Missing Pal]]'' |August 18, 2007 | |- |''[[Panwapa]]'' |2008 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Station Signals: WXXI Program Guide September 2008 |url=https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/30900371/september-2008-wxxi |website=yumpu.com |publisher=WXXI |access-date=5 July 2023 |page=19 |language=en |date=September 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=WBGU-PBS KIDS Shows |url=http://wbgu.org/kids/shows |publisher=WBGU |access-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724022723/http://wbgu.org/kids/shows |archive-date=24 July 2008}}</ref> |- |''[[Abby in Wonderland]]'' |November 28, 2008 | |- |''[[Curious George: A Very Monkey Christmas]]''* |November 25, 2009 |<ref name="cgxmas">{{cite web |title=MONKEY AROUND THE CHRISTMAS TREE THIS HOLIDAY SEASON! FIRST EVER CURIOUS GEORGE® HOLIDAY SPECIAL A VERY MONKEY CHRISTMAS PREMIERES NOVEMBER 25TH ON PBS KIDS® |url=http://streams.wgbh.org/online/pressroom/2009_10/CuriousGeorge_MonkeyChristmas.pdf |publisher=WGBH |access-date=14 March 2023 |date=27 October 2009}}</ref> |- |''[[Curious George (film)|Curious George]]'' |rowspan=2|November 23, 2011 | |- |''[[Curious George 2: Follow That Monkey!]]''* | |- |''[[List of WordGirl episodes#WordGirl%3 The Rise of Miss Power|WordGirl: The Rise of Miss Power]]''* |February 20, 2012 | |- |''[[The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!|The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About Christmas!]]''* |November 21, 2012 |<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wolfe|first1=Jennifer|title=PBS Kids Announces 'Cat in the Hat' Christmas Special |url=https://www.awn.com/news/pbs-kids-announces-cat-hat-christmas-special |publisher=Animation World Network |access-date=18 March 2023 |date=2 November 2012}}</ref> |- |''[[Clifford's Really Big Movie]]'' |December 14, 2012 |<ref>{{cite web |title='CLIFFORD'S REALLY BIG MOVIE" PREMIERS ON PBS KIDS |url=http://mediaroom.scholastic.com/press-release/cliffords-really-big-movie-premiers-pbs-kids |publisher=Scholastic |access-date=18 March 2023 |date=19 November 2012}}</ref> |- |''[[Sid the Science Kid#Sid the Science Kid: The Movie (2013)|Sid the Science Kid: The Movie]]''* |March 25, 2013 | |- |''[[List of Curious George episodes#Specials|Curious George Swings Into Spring]]''* |April 22, 2013 | |- |''[[List of Curious George episodes#Specials|Curious George: A Halloween Boo Fest]]''* |October 28, 2013 | |- |''[[Elmo's Christmas Countdown]]'' |November 27, 2013 | |- |''[[List of Cyberchase episodes#Season 9 (2013–14)|The Cyberchase Movie]]'' |April 15, 2014 | |- |''[[The Cookie Thief]]''* |February 16, 2015 |<ref>{{cite web|last1=Steinberg|first1=Brian|title=Cookie Monster Gets First Special on PBS' Kids Lineup| date=January 19, 2015 |url=https://variety.com/2015/tv/news/cookie-monster-gets-first-special-on-pbs-kids-lineup-1201408785/|publisher=Variety|access-date=October 17, 2015}}</ref> |- |''[[Curious George 3: Back to the Jungle]]''* |August 17, 2015 | |- |''[[List of Wild Kratts episodes#Season 4 (2015–17)|Wild Kratts: A Creature Christmas]]''* |November 25, 2015 | |- |''[[The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!|The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About Camping!]]''* |July 25, 2016 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Dr. Seuss on Facebook |website=[[Facebook]] |url=https://www.facebook.com/Dr.Seuss/posts/calling-all-campers-join-the-cat-in-the-hat-on-a-fun-and-frenzied-outdoor-advent/10155167750907195/ |access-date=18 March 2023 |date=25 July 2016}}</ref> |- |''[[List of Odd Squad episodes#Odd Squad: The Movie (2016)|Odd Squad: The Movie]]''* |August 1, 2016 | |- |''[[The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!|The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About Halloween!]]''* |October 28, 2016 |<ref>{{cite web|last1=Milligan|first1=Mercedes|title=PBS KIDS Gets Animated for Halloween |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2016/10/pbs-kids-gets-animated-for-halloween/ |publisher=Animation Magazine |access-date=18 March 2023 |date=3 October 2016}}</ref> |- |''[[List of Wild Kratts episodes#Season 4 (2015–17)|Wild Kratts: Creatures of the Deep Sea]]''* |November 23, 2016 | |- |''[[The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!|The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About Space!]]''* |December 26, 2016 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Kids Newsletter December 2016 |url=https://www.myarkansaspbs.org/kids/newsletter/december2016 |publisher=[[Arkansas PBS|AETN]] |access-date=18 March 2023 |date=December 2016}}</ref> |- |''[[Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood|Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood: A Tiger Family Trip]]''* |May 8, 2017 | |- |''[[List of Ready Jet Go! episodes#Films|Ready Jet Go!: Back to Bortron 7]]''* |August 14, 2017 | |- |''[[List of Arthur episodes#Specials|Arthur: D.W. and the Beastly Birthday]]''* |May 29, 2017 | |- |''[[List of Wild Kratts episodes#Season 5 (2017–19)|Wild Kratts Alaska: Hero's Journey]]''* |July 24, 2017 | |- |''Wild Alaska Live''* |July 29, 2017 | |- |''[[List of Arthur episodes#Specials|Arthur and the Haunted Tree House]]''* |October 23, 2017 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Halloween Comes to PBS KIDS with New Programming, Games and Activities for the Entire Family |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/halloween-comes-to-pbs-kids-with-new-programming-games-and-activities-for-the-entire-family/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=18 March 2023 |date=28 September 2017}}</ref> |- |''[[Once Upon a Sesame Street Christmas]]''* |November 22, 2017 |<ref>{{cite web |title=CPTV Parents E-Newsletter |url=https://cptv.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/CPTV-Parents-E-Newsletter_November-2017_Thanksgiving-Edition.pdf |publisher=CPTV |access-date=14 March 2023 |date=1 November 2017}}</ref> |- |''[[The Gruffalo]]''* |rowspan=4|December 1, 2017 | |- |''[[The Gruffalo's Child]]''* | |- |''[[Stick Man]]''* | |- |''[[Room on the Broom]]''* | |- |''[[List of Odd Squad episodes#Odd Squad: World Turned Odd (2018)|Odd Squad: World Turned Odd]]''* |January 15, 2018 | |- |''[[List of Nature Cat episodes#Specials|Nature Cat: The Return of Bad Dog Bart]]''* |July 16, 2018 | |- |''[[Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood|The Daniel Tiger Movie: Won't You Be My Neighbor?]]''* |September 17, 2018 | |- |''[[Magic Light Pictures|The Highway Rat]]''* |December 7, 2018 | |- |''[[Let's Go Luna!#Special (2018)|Let's Go Luna!: Luna's Christmas Around the World]]''* |December 10, 2018 | |- |''[[List of Odd Squad episodes#Odd Squad: Odds and Ends (2019)|Odd Squad: Odds and Ends]]''* |January 21, 2019 | |- |''[[List of Sesame Street episodes#Specials|The Magical Wand Chase: A Sesame Street Special]]''* |March 25, 2019 | |- |''[[List of Cyberchase episodes#Season 12 (2019–20)|Cyberchase: Space Waste Odyssey]]''* |April 19, 2019 | |- |''[[List of Ready Jet Go! episodes#Films|Ready Jet Go!: One Small Step]]''* |June 17, 2019 | |- |''[[Pinkalicious & Peterrific#Specials|Pinkalicious and Peterrific: A Pinkaperfect Birthday]]''* |August 5, 2019 | |- |''[[List of Nature Cat episodes#Specials|Nature Cat: A Nature Carol]]''* |November 29, 2019 | |- |''[[List of Arthur episodes#Specials|Rhythm and Roots of Arthur]]''* |January 20, 2020 | |- |''[[List of Odd Squad episodes#Odd Squad: Odd Beginnings (2020)|Odd Squad: Odd Beginnings]]''* |February 17, 2020 | |- |''[[Xavier_Riddle_and_the_Secret_Museum#Xavier_Riddle_and_the_Secret_Movie:_I_Am_Madam_President|Xavier Riddle and the Secret Movie: I Am Madam President]]''* |March 16, 2020 | |- |''[[Sesame Street: Elmo's Playdate]]'' |April 14, 2020 |<ref name=playdate>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sesameworkshop.org/press-room/press-releases/primetime-special-sesame-street-elmos-playdate-offer-families-connection|title=Primetime Special 'Sesame Street: Elmo's Playdate' to Offer Families Connection in Challenging Times|date=2020-04-08|website=[[Sesame Workshop]]|language=en|access-date=2020-04-25}}</ref> |- |''[[List of Wild Kratts episodes#Season 6 (2019–2021)|Wild Kratts: Amazin' Amazon Adventure]]''* |April 20, 2020 | |- |''[[When You Wish Upon A Pickle: A Sesame Street Special]]''* |July 13, 2020 | |- |''[[Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood|Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood Won't You Sing Along with Me?]]''* |August 17, 2020 | |- |''PBS Kids Talk About: Race and Racism''* |October 9, 2020 | |- |''[[Sesame Street|The Power of We: A Sesame Street Special]]''* |October 15, 2020 |<ref name=powerofwe>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sesameworkshop.org/press-room/press-releases/power-we-sesame-street-special-debuts-thursday-october-15-help-children|title='The Power of We: A Sesame Street Special' Debuts on Thursday, October 15, To Help Children Stand Up To Racism|date=2020-10-08|website=[[Sesame Workshop]]|language=en|access-date=2023-03-14}}</ref> |- |''[[List of Arthur episodes#Specials|An Arthur Thanksgiving]]''* |November 16, 2020 | |- |''[[Pinkalicious & Peterrific#Specials|Pinkalicious and Peterrific: Cupid Calls It Quits]]''* |February 8, 2021 | |- |''[[Dinosaur Train|Dinosaur Train: Adventure Island]]''* |April 12, 2021 | |- |''[[Molly of Denali|Molly of Denali: Molly and the Great One]]''* |June 7, 2021 | |- |''[[List of Wild Kratts episodes#Season 6 (2019–2021)|Wild Kratts: Cats and Dogs]]''* |July 12, 2021 | |- |''[[List of Arthur episodes#Specials|Arthur's First Day]]''* |September 6, 2021 | |- |''[[Sesame Street|See Us Coming Together: A Sesame Street Special]]''* |November 25, 2021 | |- |''[[The Monster at the End of This Book: Starring Lovable, Furry Old Grover#Sequels and adaptations|Sesame Street: The Monster at the End of This Story]]''* |March 7, 2022 | |- |''[[Elinor Wonders Why|Elinor Wonders Why: A Wonderful Journey]]''* |April 18, 2022 | |- |''[[Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood|Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood: Daniel Visits a New Neighborhood]]''* |June 20, 2022 | |- |''[[Curious George (franchise)|Curious George 4: Royal Monkey]]''* | rowspan="2" |July 1, 2022 | |- |''[[Curious George (franchise)|Curious George 5: Go West, Go Wild]]''* | |- |''[[Sesame Street|Sesame Street: Furry Friends Forever: Elmo Gets a Puppy]]''* |March 13, 2023 | |- |''[[List of Ready Jet Go! episodes#Films|Ready Jet Go!: Space Camp]]''* |July 20, 2023 | |- |''[[Sesame Street|Sesame Street: The Nutcracker: Starring Elmo & Tango]]''* |December 2, 2023 | |- |''[[Tad Hills|Rocket Saves the Day]]''* |December 26, 2023 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Whittock |first1=Jesse |title=PBS Kids Takes Off With TV Movie 'Rocket Saves The Day' |url=https://deadline.com/2023/09/pbs-kids-tv-movie-rocket-saves-the-day-thunderbird-entertainment-1235557216/ |website=Deadline |access-date=7 January 2024 |date=28 September 2023}}</ref> |- |''[[Wild Kratts|Wild Kratts: Our Blue and Green World]]''* |April 1, 2024 |<ref name="apr24">{{cite web |author1=PBS Publicity |title=PBS KIDS Kicks Off Spring with a Slate of New Content for the Whole Family |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-kicks-off-spring-with-a-slate-of-new-content-for-the-whole-family/ |website=About PBS - Main |access-date=24 April 2024 |location=Arlington, VA |language=en |date=21 February 2024}}</ref><ref name="apr24a">{{cite web |title=More Spring Fun with LPB and PBS KIDS! |url=https://www.lpb.org/newsletters/parent-newsletter-apr2024 |website=Louisiana Public Broadcasting |access-date=24 April 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Nature Cat|Nature Cat’s Nature Movie Special Extraordinaire]]'' |April 22, 2024 |<ref name="apr24"/><ref name="apr24a"/> |- |''[[The Okee Dokee Brothers|Brambletown]]''* |July 26, 2024 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nelson |first1=Dustin |title=Family music duo, The Okee Dokee Brothers, bring new film to PBS |url=https://bringmethenews.com/minnesota-lifestyle/family-music-duo-the-okee-dokee-brothers-bring-new-film-to-pbs |website=Bring Me The News |access-date=27 July 2024 |language=en |date=22 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Starks |first1=Tiara |title=Joe Mailander of The Okee Dokee Brothers on creating PBS KIDS' Brambletown, making music, and myths |url=https://theparentwatch.com/posts/joe-mailander-the-okee-dokee-brothers-brambletown-01j15d06pjh7 |website=The Parent Watch |access-date=27 July 2024 |date=26 July 2024}}</ref> |- |''Mystery League''* |March 22, 2025 |<ref name="mysteryleague">{{cite web |title=Mystery League |url=https://pw.myersinfosys.com/wosu/airlist/34.4/959334/detail |website=pw.myersinfosys.com |access-date=9 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250109230041/https://pw.myersinfosys.com/wosu/airlist/34.4/959334/detail |archive-date=9 January 2025 |date=9 January 2025}}</ref> |- |''Acoustic Rooster and His Barnyard Band'' |May 1, 2025 |<ref name="rooster">{{cite press release|title=PBS KIDS to Debut ACOUSTIC ROOSTER, Based on Bestselling Author Kwame Alexander's Children's Book|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-to-debut-acoustic-rooster-based-on-bestselling-author-kwame-alexanders-childrens-book/|website=[[PBS]]|access-date=24 February 2025|date=24 February 2025}}</ref> |} ===Special programming from American Public Television=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Initial broadcast date !Source(s) |- |''[[Davy Jones' Locker]]'' |November 1, 1997 | |- |''[[Barney's Great Adventure]]'' |October 1, 2000 | |- |''[[Redwall (TV series)|The Redwall Movie]]'' |c. 2002 |<ref name="apt2002">{{cite web |title=APT DOMESTIC CATALOG |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/bpt?OpenView&Start=1&Count=30&Expand=6#6 |access-date=7 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021128103250/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/bpt?OpenView&Start=1&Count=30&Expand=6#6 |archive-date=28 November 2002 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[The Star of Christmas|VeggieTales: The Star of Christmas]]'' |December 23, 2002 |<ref name="apt2002"/> |- |''[[Duke and the Great Pie War|VeggieTales: Duke and the Great Pie War]]'' |April 1, 2005 |<ref>{{cite web |title=VEGGIETALES: DUKE AND THE GREAT PIE WAR |url=http://www.aptonline.org:80/catalog.nsf/vTitle/VEGGIETALES:+DUKE+AND+THE+GREAT+PIE+WAR |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=7 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050305095835/http://www.aptonline.org:80/catalog.nsf/vTitle/VEGGIETALES:+DUKE+AND+THE+GREAT+PIE+WAR |archive-date=5 March 2005 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[Heidi 4 Paws|Heidi 4 Paws: A Furry Tale]]'' |November 23, 2008 |<ref>{{cite web |title=WTTW NATIONAL PRODUCTIONS PRESENTS HEIDI 4 PAWS: A FURRY TALE |url=https://www.wttw.com/main.taf?p=7,4,1,1,1,50 |access-date=12 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091006000446/https://www.wttw.com/main.taf?p=7,4,1,1,1,50 |archive-date=6 October 2009}}</ref> |- |''Science Mission 101'' |February 1, 2010 | |- |''[[Biz Kids]]: Three Minutes to Change the World'' |May 20, 2012 |<ref>{{cite web |title=BIZ KID$ -- THREE MINUTES TO CHANGE THE WORLD American Public Television |url=http://aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/BIZ+KID+--+THREE+MINUTES+TO+CHANGE+THE+WORLD |website=aptonline.org |access-date=31 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120526235909/http://aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/BIZ+KID+--+THREE+MINUTES+TO+CHANGE+THE+WORLD |archive-date=26 May 2012 |date=26 May 2012}}</ref> |- |''Lost Treasure Hunt'' |October 1, 2014 | |} ===Acquired special programming=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Initial broadcast date !Source(s) |- |''[[A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving]]'' |November 22, 2020 |{{refn|group=note|name=acbt|Aired twice (November 22, 2020 and November 21, 2021) on PBS and PBS Kids 24/7.}}<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=November 19, 2020 |title=Apple & PBS Team Up For Broadcasts of "A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving" & "A Charlie Brown Christmas" |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/apple-pbs-team-up-for-broadcasts-of-a-charlie-brown-thanksgiving-a-charlie-brown-christmas/ |work=[[PBS]]}}</ref> |- |''[[A Charlie Brown Christmas]]'' |December 13, 2020 |{{refn|group=note|name=acbc|Aired twice (December 13, 2020 and December 19, 2021) on PBS and PBS Kids 24/7.}}<ref name="auto1"/> |- |''[[It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown]]'' |October 24, 2021 |{{refn|group=note|name=itgpcb|Aired only once (October 24, 2021) on PBS and PBS Kids 24/7.}}<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |title=It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown Will Not Air on Broadcast TV This Year |url=https://comicbook.com/horror/news/charlie-brown-great-pumpkin-halloween-streaming-apple-tv-plus/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=Horror |date=October 11, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> |- |''MeteoHeroes: The Adventure Begins - Earth Day Special'' |April 22, 2022 |{{refn|group=note|name=KVIE|Syndicated to public television stations by KVIE.}}<ref name="meteo">{{cite web |date=May 1, 2022|title=MeteoHeroes Premieres on PBS on Earth Day and Inspires New Environmental Awards|url=https://www.anbmedia.com/news/2022/05/meteoheroes-pbs-earth-day/ |work=aNb Media}}</ref> |} ==Web-exclusive programming== The following programming is exclusive to PBS Kids web-based platforms, such as the PBS Kids website, PBS Kids Video app, and other streaming platforms. This content is not broadcast by PBS Kids and has never been aired on television. * <sup>1</sup> Co-distributed by [[Amazon Prime Video]], the official streaming partner for PBS Kids programming.<ref name="pbs.org"/> ===Short-form programming=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Release date !End date !Source(s) |- |''Wilson & Ditch: Digging America'' |Fall 2009 |2018 |<ref>{{cite web |title='WILSON & DITCH: DIGGING AMERICA' NEW PBS CHILDREN'S WEB-ONLY SOCIAL STUDIES SERIES ON PBSKIDSGO.ORG THIS FALL (August 2, 2009) |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/wilson-ditch-digging-america-new-pbs-childrens-web-only-social-studies-series-on-pbskidsgoorg-this-fall-august-2-2009/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=15 March 2023 |date=2 August 2009}}</ref> |- |''Fizzy's Lunch Lab'' |November 16, 2009 |February 2021 |<ref>{{cite web |title=LAUGHTER IS THE KEY INGREDIENT IN FIZZY'S LUNCH LAB," A NEW HEALTH-THEMED WEB-ONLY PROPERTY LAUNCHING NOVEMBER 16 ON PBSKIDSGO.ORG |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/laughter-is-the-key-ingredient-in-fizzys-lunch-lab-a-new-health-themed-web-only-property-launching-november-16-on-pbskidsgoorg-september-30-2009/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=15 March 2023 |date=30 September 2009}}</ref> |- |''Chuck Vanderchuck's "Something Something" Explosion'' |2011 |2018 |<ref name="2011web"/> |- |''Plum Landing''<sup>1</sup> |April 22, 2014 | rowspan="10" |present |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Longwell |first1=Todd |title=PBS Kids explores Earth with cross-platform environmental series |url=https://kidscreen.com/2014/04/22/pbs-kids-explores-earth-with-cross-platform-environmental-series/ |website=Kidscreen |access-date=4 May 2024 |date=22 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PBS KIDS Debuts New Web-original Property and Free App: PLUM LANDING |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-debuts-new-web-original-property-and-free-app-plum-landing/ |website=About PBS - Main |access-date=4 May 2024 |language=en |date=22 April 2014}}</ref> |- |''[[Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman#Ruff Ruffman: Humble Media Genius|Ruff Ruffman: Humble Media Genius]]'' |November 26, 2014 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wgbhkids.com/ruff-ruffman-humble-media-genius/|title=Ruff Ruffman|date=15 May 2014}}</ref> |- |''[[The Ruff Ruffman Show]]''<sup>1</sup> |September 28, 2017 |<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-announces-the-return-of-fan-favorite-with-new-digital-series-the-ruff-ruffman-show/ PBS KIDS Announces the Return of Fan Favorite with New Digital Series: THE RUFF RUFFMAN SHOW. "PBS.org"]. Accessed November 20, 2017.</ref> |- |''PBS Kids Talk About'' |2018 | |- |''Scribbles and Ink''<sup>1</sup> |December 16, 2019 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roettgers |first1=Janko |title=PBS Kids Launches Interactive Online Series 'Scribbles and Ink' |url=https://variety.com/2019/digital/news/pbs-kids-scribbles-ink-interactive-series-1203445850/ |website=Variety |access-date=4 May 2024 |date=17 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Scribbles & Ink |url=https://www.globalmechanic.com/news/view/scribbles-and-ink |website=Global Mechanic |access-date=4 May 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Fetch!_with_Ruff_Ruffman#Team_Hamster!|Team Hamster]]'' |December 28, 2020 |- |''Search It Up!'' |2020 | |- |''Mega Wow!'' |2021 |<ref>{{cite web |title=PBS KIDS Mega Wow will make you say Mega. Wow. |url=https://www.sisbro.com/news-blog/2021/9/9/pbs-kids-mega-wow-will-make-you-say-mega-wow |website=Sisbro Studios |access-date=4 May 2024 |date=9 September 2021}}</ref> |- |''Tiny Time Travel'' |March 15, 2024 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Eakin |first1=Marah |title='Tiny Time Travel' shorts help kids learn emotional literacy |url=https://current.org/2024/03/tiny-time-travel-shorts-help-kids-learn-emotional-literacy/ |website=Current |access-date=4 May 2024 |date=26 March 2024}}</ref> |} ===Podcasts=== *''[[Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman]]'' Podcast (May 22, 2007−September 19, 2010)<ref>{{cite web |title=FETCH! . Podcasts . PBS KIDS GO! |url=http://pbskids.org/fetch/show/podcasts.html |website=pbskids.org |access-date=4 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923144051/http://pbskids.org/fetch/show/podcasts.html |archive-date=23 September 2010 |date=23 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=FETCH! with Ruff Ruffman . Podcast . PBS KIDS GO! |url=https://podbay.fm/p/fetch-with-ruff-ruffman-podcast-or-pbs-kids-go |website=podbay.fm |access-date=4 May 2024}}</ref> *''[[Molly of Denali|Molly of Denali Podcast]]'' (May 30, 2019−April 21, 2021) *''[[Pinkalicious & Peterrific|The Pinkalicious & Peterrific Podcast]] ''(October 28, 2020−March 13, 2025) *''[[Odd Squad|Odd Squadcast]]'' (December 2, 2020−December 30, 2020) *''[[Arthur|The Arthur Podcast]]'' (October 20, 2022−December 14, 2023) *''Keyshawn Solves It'' (May 29, 2023−June 19, 2023) *''[[123 Andrés|Jamming on the Job]]'' (September 14, 2023−present) *''[[Work It Out Wombats!|Work It Out Wombats! Podcast]]'' (January 4, 2024−present) *''[[Lyla in the Loop|Lyla’s Loopcast]] '' (May 8, 2025-present) == Notes == {{reflist|group=note}} ==References== {{reflist}} {{PBS Kids shows}}{{DEFAULTSORT:List of programs broadcast by PBS Kidso}} [[Category:PBS Kids|*]] [[Category:Lists of television series by network|PBS Kids]] s5u99hmnxsfsfaafrdwitzvcxaoo0ik 0 779801 10368583 7066563 2025-07-03T00:30:40Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 Typo: duplication 10368583 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:SDSS NGC 4754.jpg|thumb|250px|NGC 4754]] '''NGC 4754''' is a barred [[Lenticular galaxy|lenticular]] galaxy in the [[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]] constellation.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rojas|first=Sebastián García|title=Galaxy NGC 4754 - Barred Lenticular Galaxy in Virgo Constellation|url=https://telescopius.com/deep-sky/object/5832/ngc-4754/galaxy?fromdsobrowser|access-date=2020-08-11|website=Telescopius|language=en}}</ref> It was discovered on March 15, 1784 by astronomer [[William Herschel]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=New General Catalog Objects: NGC 4750 - 4799|url=https://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc47a.htm|access-date=2020-08-11|website=cseligman.com}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Lenticular galaxies]] {{sci-stub}} 5v9w1p42bwvdt8ak2w61f07jyie7q5z 0 795442 10368256 9906308 2025-07-02T20:59:48Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ US-EN 10368256 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{other uses|Game Over (disambiguation)}} '''''Game Over''''' is a 2004 [[United States|American]] [[Adult animation|adult]] [[Animated sitcom|computer-animated sitcom]] created by [[David Sacks]] (who would later become president of [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]]), produced by [[The Carsey-Werner Company|Carsey-Werner Productions]] and broadcast on [[UPN]] in 2004. It was cancelled after five episodes. ''Game Over'' (the title was inspired by the phrase "[[game over]]" that commonly concludes video games) focused on what happens to [[video game]] characters after the game ends. The show recounted the lives of the Smashenburns, a far-from-ordinary [[suburb]]an family that lives in an alternate video game universe. The show made numerous references to video games and even featured certain game characters as cameos. For example, ''[[Crash Bandicoot (character)|Crash Bandicoot]]'' appears on a [[Got Milk?]] billboard whilst creatures from ''[[Oddworld: Abe's Oddysee]]'' appear in one of the episodes. [[Marisa Tomei]] voiced Raquel Smashenburn in the series' unaired pilot episode, but scheduling problems made [[Lucy Liu]] take over the role for the actual series.<ref>[http://www.ugo.com/channels/filmTv/features/gameover/davegoestch.asp Dave Goestch of Game Over] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080127181945/http://www.ugo.com/channels/filmTv/features/gameover/davegoestch.asp|date=2008-01-27}}, ''[[UGO Networks|UGO]]''.</ref> ''Game Over'' was heavily hyped by UPN before its debut. The series generally received positive press upon its airing.<ref>[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0DE4DD143EF933A25750C0A9629C8B63 TELEVISION REVIEW; Video Game Heroes: Just Folks], ''[[The New York Times]]'', March 10, 2004.</ref> Despite this, only six episodes were made, which aired on a variety of different days – the fourth and fifth episodes were broadcast on April 2, 2004 and the sixth episode ("Monkey Dearest") was not aired. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040402055023/http://www.upn.com/shows/game_over/ Official UPN website for ''Game Over''] * [http://www.carseywerner.com/shows_about.php?showid=15 Carsey-Werner ''Game Over''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519062535/http://www.carseywerner.com/shows_about.php?showid=15 |date=2020-05-19 }} * {{IMDb title|0397149|Game Over}} * {{tv.com show|game-over|Game Over}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Game Over (TV series)}} [[Category:2000s American sitcoms]] [[Category:2004 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2004 American television series endings]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] klknlz1tj7u88yj09rd1bv9dl8cue9w 3 798483 10369500 7869537 2025-07-03T11:57:53Z Ferien 1011873 Notification: listing at [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] of [[Amzat Boukari-Yabara]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369500 wikitext text/x-wiki == Welcome == {| width="100%" style="background: #FEC; border: 1px solid #FDA; line-height: 1.8em; margin-bottom: 1em; -moz-border-radius: 0.5em; -webkit-border-radius: 0.5em; border-radius: 0.5em;" cellspacing="10" ! style="background: #FFE3AE; font-size: 1.3em; padding: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #FC9; -moz-border-radius: 0.3em; -webkit-border-radius: 0.3em; border-radius: 0.3em;" | Welcome, {{BASEPAGENAME}}! |- | {| width="100%" cellspacing="10" style="border: 1px #FDA solid; background: #FFFFE5; -moz-border-radius: 0.5em; -webkit-border-radius: 0.5em; border-radius: 0.5em;" | Hello, '''{{BASEPAGENAME}}''', and [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome]] to the '''[[Simple English Wikipedia]]'''! Thank you for [[Special:Contributions/DoSazunielle|your changes]]. You may want to begin by reading these pages: * [[Help:Contents|Help]] * [[Wikipedia:Rules|Rules]] * [[Wikipedia:Useful|Links to useful pages]] * [[Wikipedia:How to write Simple English pages|How to write Simple English pages]] * [[Wikipedia:How to copy from another Wikipedia|How to copy from another Wikipedia]] For some ideas of pages to work on, read [[Wikipedia:Requested pages]] or the [[Wikipedia:Most wanted articles|list of wanted pages]]. At Wikipedia, remember to [[Wikipedia:Be bold in updating pages|be '''bold''']]! This means that you should not be afraid to change any articles. This is because, if you make any mistakes, you can always fix it later! If you have any questions, you can always ask them at [[Wikipedia:Simple talk|Simple Talk]]. If you need help just '''[http://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Mytalk&action=edit&section=new click here]''' and type '''<nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki>''' and your question. I hope you have a fun time here. If you need any help, be sure to visit [[Wikipedia:Simple talk|Simple Talk]] or contact an [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]]. See you around! [[User:Rsk6400|Rsk6400]] ([[User talk:Rsk6400|talk]]) 06:36, 25 October 2020 (UTC) | style="vertical-align: top; padding: 1em;" | [[File:Wikipedia-logo.png|right|150px|link=|alt=]] |} |}<!-- Template:Welcome2 --> == Reliable sources == I saw that you used some sources at [[Rwanda]] which are not reliable. Please take a look at [[WP:RS]]. Greetings, --[[User:Rsk6400|Rsk6400]] ([[User talk:Rsk6400|talk]]) 06:41, 25 October 2020 (UTC) == Neutral point of view == [[Image:{{{icon|Information.svg}}}|25px]] Wikipedia aims at providing a reliable source of information for its readers. That's why the [[WP:NPOV|Neutral point of view (NPOV)]] is so important. That means that we cannot present a fringe theory instead of the mainstream view. These things are explained in more detail in the English WP, [[:en:WP:DUE]]. And the mainstream view about the genocide in [[Rwanda]] is that Hutu extremists were primarily responsible. --[[User:Rsk6400|Rsk6400]] ([[User talk:Rsk6400|talk]]) 14:57, 26 October 2020 (UTC) :I don't believe it is wrong to mention things which are well-documented that are ignored by the mainstream. I also think Wikipedia mentions such things all the time. Undoing the changes seems wrong to me, and the reasons you give keep changing. [[User:DoSazunielle|DoSazunielle]] ([[User talk:DoSazunielle#top|talk]]) 15:23, 26 October 2020 (UTC) ::There are a lot of rules telling us how and when to mention fringe theories in WP. I reverted you because you didn't follow these rules. Maybe I may add something more personal: I became curious and so I looked at your edits on the German Wiki. As you may have seen, I reviewed all those that had not been reviewed yet, approving nearly everything. As editors we are totally free to choose which articles we want to improve. If you feel that people like Kwame Ture are ignored by the mainstream, or don't get the attention they deserve, enhance their articles, and nobody can accuse you of POV. --[[User:Rsk6400|Rsk6400]] ([[User talk:Rsk6400|talk]]) 16:40, 26 October 2020 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Omar Blondin Diop== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Omar Blondin Diop]], an article you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2020/Omar Blondin Diop]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the article during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. <b>[[User:Operator873|<span style="color:#00f">Operator873</span>]]<sup>''[[User talk:Operator873|<span style="color:#f00">talk</span>]][[User:Operator873/Connect|<span style="color:#029b00">connect</span>]]''</sup></b> 15:58, 30 October 2020 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Kiilu Nyasha== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Kiilu Nyasha]], an article you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2020/Kiilu Nyasha]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the article during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. <b>[[User:Operator873|<span style="color:#00f">Operator873</span>]]<sup>''[[User talk:Operator873|<span style="color:#f00">talk</span>]][[User:Operator873/Connect|<span style="color:#029b00">connect</span>]]''</sup></b> 16:00, 30 October 2020 (UTC) == November 2020 == [[File:Nuvola apps important.svg|25px]] It looks like you are in an '''[[WP:Edit war|edit war]]'''&#32; judging from the [[Wikipedia:Reverting|revert]]s you have made on [[:Ohio]]. Take care, because the [[Wikipedia:Three-revert rule|three-revert rule]] does not let users make more than three reverts on a single page in a single day. Any user may still be blocked for edit warring and disruption, even if they haven't broken the [[Wikipedia:Three-revert rule|three-revert rule]]. When you disagree with another user, you should first try to [[Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines|talk about changes]] in order to work together to improve Wikipedia and reach [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]]. If you continue to disrupt the page, '''you may be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing Wikipedia'''. <!-- Template:uw-3rr --> ''Please cease this behaviour immediately. [[WP:ONESTRIKE]] applies. You have been warned in the above section abut [[WP:NPOV]]/[[WP:RS]] already, so this is more than enough warning.'' [[User:Camouflaged Mirage|Camouflaged Mirage]] ([[User talk:Camouflaged Mirage|talk]]) 17:46, 16 November 2020 (UTC) [[File:Nuvola apps important.svg|25px]] It looks like you are in an '''[[WP:Edit war|edit war]]'''&#32; judging from the [[Wikipedia:Reverting|revert]]s you have made on [[:Indiana]]. Take care, because the [[Wikipedia:Three-revert rule|three-revert rule]] does not let users make more than three reverts on a single page in a single day. Any user may still be blocked for edit warring and disruption, even if they haven't broken the [[Wikipedia:Three-revert rule|three-revert rule]]. When you disagree with another user, you should first try to [[Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines|talk about changes]] in order to work together to improve Wikipedia and reach [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]]. If you continue to disrupt the page, '''you may be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing Wikipedia'''. <!-- Template:uw-3rr --> [[User:Camouflaged Mirage|Camouflaged Mirage]] ([[User talk:Camouflaged Mirage|talk]]) 17:48, 16 November 2020 (UTC) {{ping|Rsk6400}} I would like to ask for your advice on handing the disagreement on the two pages above. I am asking you because it would be good to have a third party give an opinion and you have already talked to me about neutrality. [[User:DoSazunielle|DoSazunielle]] ([[User talk:DoSazunielle#top|talk]]) 17:58, 16 November 2020 (UTC) :Allow me, as a third party, to give some advice. The best way to handle a disagreement is definitely not to [[WP:EDITWAR|edit war]], regardless of whether you think you are right. Talk about your changes on the talk page and come to an agreement on what to do. You can see more [[WP:Dispute resolution|here]]. Best, --[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|IWI]] ([[User talk:ImprovedWikiImprovment|talk]]) 18:05, 16 November 2020 (UTC) :I agree with IWI: Please don't start an edit war. Patience is a blessing (Tanzanian proverb). From what I saw, you seem to be interested in African and African American subjects, and these subjects are sadly underrepresented here. That's why I should say: We need you, don't get yourself blocked. The other user at Ohio has already started a discussion there, why not ask him why he thinks your edit is POV ? There are already five users involved in this discussion - normally it's easier for five people to reach a consensus than for two people. Once again: Patience. --[[User:Rsk6400|Rsk6400]] ([[User talk:Rsk6400|talk]]) 19:58, 16 November 2020 (UTC) == Slavery == Why do you want to add slavery background content into David Cameron and his wife page. These are his ancestors, and do not have much relevance to him. And why not just wealthy background, the source of wealth should be included in his parent pages (if they are notable), not him. [[User:Camouflaged Mirage|Camouflaged Mirage]] ([[User talk:Camouflaged Mirage|talk]]) 18:18, 16 November 2020 (UTC) *I just explained on the talk pages for him and his wife. [[User:DoSazunielle|DoSazunielle]] ([[User talk:DoSazunielle#top|talk]]) 18:20, 16 November 2020 (UTC) == January 2021 == Hello. The source in the content you readded did not seem reliable, so please add a reliable source if you want to readd the content. Many thanks, <span style="border-radius: 20px; color: white; background: #FF0000; padding: 3.5px;">[[User:Belwine|<span style="color: #fff;">Belwine</span>]] • [[User talk:Belwine|💬]] • [[Special:Contribs/Belwine|📜]]</span> 17:24, 10 January 2021 (UTC) :Please remember what I told you last month, if there is any content dispute, use the talkpage and we need reliable sources, happy editing. [[User:Camouflaged Mirage|Camouflaged Mirage]] ([[User talk:Camouflaged Mirage|talk]]) 17:25, 10 January 2021 (UTC) ::I have just created a talk page discussion since neither of the users attempting to reverse the changes did so, nor did either supply evidence of the unreliability of either source cited (not sure why the discussion is only addressing one source, unless I missed something). [[User:DoSazunielle|DoSazunielle]] ([[User talk:DoSazunielle#top|talk]]) 17:27, 10 January 2021 (UTC) :::I will say if the users don't, you don't revert and start a talk page discussion yourself, if there isn't any response, post on [[WP:ST]] and if still there isn't, you can say you had silence consensus and then you can revert without worry of edit warring. [[User:Camouflaged Mirage|Camouflaged Mirage]] ([[User talk:Camouflaged Mirage|talk]]) 17:32, 10 January 2021 (UTC) == Your recent edits == *Hi. Your recent edits to a number of [[WP:BLP|biographies of living persons]] are not really acceptable. What people's ancestors did is not really relevant to the article, unless his ancestor was a particularly well-known or notable slave owner. In addition, somebody already reverted that addition, and you [[WP:EDITWAR|re-added it instead of discussing it]]. Suffice to say: this pattern of behaviour is not acceptable; you must comply to out [[WP:BLP|BLP]] and [[WP:EDITWAR|edit warring]] policies if you wish to continue editing here. You are welcome to make [[WP:BOLD|bold]] edits, but if people revert you, you must discuss the changes. Best, --[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|IWI]] ([[User talk:ImprovedWikiImprovment|talk]]) 14:48, 31 January 2021 (UTC) *: The statement "What people's ancestors did is not really relevant to the article, unless his ancestor was a particularly well-known or notable slave owner." is incorrect. Since you continue to question the relevance of edits discussing slavery even when they are explained to you clearly, I don't see the point in explaining why to you again; you can conduct your own research on the importance of slavery for accumulation of wealth and a family's ability to become prominent in society for yourself. [[User:DoSazunielle|DoSazunielle]] ([[User talk:DoSazunielle#top|talk]]) 15:05, 31 January 2021 (UTC) :: Your tendency to remove accurate information you feel has "undue weight" instead of suggesting additions in order to balance out the page is also unacceptable, as with your edit [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Equatorial_Guinea&curid=19180&diff=7352288&oldid=7352253 here] and the [[Talk:Liberia|needless debate]] on the Liberia page. [[User:DoSazunielle|DoSazunielle]] ([[User talk:DoSazunielle#top|talk]]) 15:12, 31 January 2021 (UTC) :::That's not how it works. [[:en:WP:ONUS|The onus is on you]] to make the content you add have due weight, not the editors who dispute you. --[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|IWI]] ([[User talk:ImprovedWikiImprovment|talk]]) 23:43, 6 February 2021 (UTC) == AN notice == [[File:Information icon4.svg|32px]] Hello. This message is being sent to inform you that there is currently a discussion at [[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard]] regarding an issue with which you may have been involved. The thread is "[[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard#User:DoSazunielle|User:DoSazunielle]]". Thank you.<!--Template:AN-notice--> --[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|IWI]] ([[User talk:ImprovedWikiImprovment|talk]]) 15:39, 31 January 2021 (UTC) == Don't remove other people's comments from my talk page == Do not remove content from my talk page unless I ask for it or the person who left the comment asks for it. When I logged in, I had over 100 notifications because of endless reverting of other people's comments on my page. Don't do it. I am linking to the comment [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:DoSazunielle&oldid=7371537 here] so anyone can read it for themselves. [[User:DoSazunielle|DoSazunielle]] ([[User talk:DoSazunielle#top|talk]]) 01:00, 13 February 2021 (UTC) :Hello. We do apologize for all the notifications. However, the edits the user made were vandalism. Users would revert the edits, but multiple IPs decided to cause an [[Wikipedia:Edit war|edit war]]. I understand your request, however vandalism needs to be reverted immediately. [[User:ShadowBallX|ShadowBallX]] ([[User talk:ShadowBallX|talk]]) 01:09, 13 February 2021 (UTC) ::The apology is meaningless if you believe the action was the right one to take. [[User:DoSazunielle|DoSazunielle]] ([[User talk:DoSazunielle#top|talk]]) 01:22, 13 February 2021 (UTC) :::The user is [[:meta:WMF Global Ban|WMF Globally Banned]], and we will continue to revert their edits regardless of where it happens. Best, --[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|IWI]] ([[User talk:ImprovedWikiImprovment|talk]]) 01:52, 13 February 2021 (UTC) ::::{{ping|ImprovedWikiImprovment}} The link you posted to meta does not work for me. Could you possibly link the actual page you were initially trying to link? [[User:ShadowBallX|ShadowBallX]] ([[User talk:ShadowBallX|talk]]) 01:57, 13 February 2021 (UTC) :::::Done. It was a typo. --[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|IWI]] ([[User talk:ImprovedWikiImprovment|talk]]) 01:58, 13 February 2021 (UTC) ::::::Thanks. [[User:ShadowBallX|ShadowBallX]] ([[User talk:ShadowBallX|talk]]) 01:59, 13 February 2021 (UTC) == Note about this user == This user is currently indef blocked on enwiki for disruptive editing, and is apparently a sock of [[User:623mutaNadu]] (who has not edited here). The reason I say apparently is that there was a discussion about if they are a sock or not. See [[en:User talk:DoSazunielle#Blocked for socking?|here]] for more details. [[User:ShadowBallX|ShadowBallX]] ([[User talk:ShadowBallX|talk]]) 01:50, 13 February 2021 (UTC) :There is no need for messages like this to be left on their talk page really {{u|ShadowBallX}}. What a user does elsewhere is of little concern to us, but can be seen in the [[Special:CentralAuth|CA]] of any user. Best, --[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|IWI]] ([[User talk:ImprovedWikiImprovment|talk]]) 10:48, 25 February 2021 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Category:Venezuelan women== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Category:Venezuelan women]], an article you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2021/Category:Venezuelan women]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the article during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 05:06, 2 March 2021 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Category:Caribbean women== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Category:Caribbean women]], an article you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2021/Category:Caribbean women]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the article during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 05:09, 2 March 2021 (UTC) == March 2021 == [[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=|link=]] Hello! Thank you for creating {{#if:Category:Pan-Africanism|[[:Category:Pan-Africanism]]|a new category}}. However, we normally need at least [[Wikipedia:Categories#Is there a need for the new category?|three pages in a category]] before it is created. Because categories are a way to group together similar articles, there is no need to create a new category for just one or two articles. If you think there might be more pages to add to the new category, please add them now. Thank you. <!-- Template:uw-emptycat --> [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 05:11, 2 March 2021 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Matea Bolívar== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Matea Bolívar]], an article you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2021/Matea Bolívar]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the article during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 11:03, 2 March 2021 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of 1949 (library)== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:1949 (library)]], an article you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2021/1949 (library)]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the article during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. --[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|IWI]] ([[User talk:ImprovedWikiImprovment|talk]]) 16:49, 12 March 2021 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of The Elephant== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:The Elephant]], an article you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2021/The Elephant]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the article during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. --[[User:ImprovedWikiImprovment|IWI]] ([[User talk:ImprovedWikiImprovment|talk]]) 09:03, 18 March 2021 (UTC) == Aï Keïta Yara == When you write a new article about a person like [[Aï Keïta Yara]], please include sources. Right now, I cannot tell if she is [[WP:Notability|notable]] from reading the article. You said that the movie won awards, but it would be good to know what the awards are. Are there any news stories that talk about her specifically? You seem to be experienced on Wikipedia, so I think you will be able to fix these problems, if she is notable. [[User:Lights and freedom|Lights and freedom]] ([[User talk:Lights and freedom|talk]]) 01:06, 21 April 2021 (UTC) :{{ping|Lights and freedom}} I know. I'm working on it. [[User:DoSazunielle|DoSazunielle]] ([[User talk:DoSazunielle#top|talk]]) 01:10, 21 April 2021 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of MC Yallah== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:MC Yallah]], an article you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2021/MC Yallah]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the article during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Gordonrox24|<span style="font-family:Script MT;color:#36B">Gordonrox24</span>]]&nbsp;&#124;&nbsp;[[User_talk:Gordonrox24|<sup><span style="font-family:Arial;color:red">''Talk''</span></sup>]] 22:30, 28 August 2021 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Lenarr== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Lenarr]], an article you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2021/Lenarr]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the article during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 13:50, 13 November 2021 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Amzat Boukari-Yabara== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Amzat Boukari-Yabara]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Amzat Boukari-Yabara]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 11:57, 3 July 2025 (UTC) md8c024x08llrli545z2blh1u6vqf4c 3 799700 10367888 10367188 2025-07-02T16:32:46Z Ferien 1011873 /* Rollback */ Reply 10367888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = User talk:Ferien/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s |algo = old(30d) |counter = 1 |minthreadsleft = 25 }} {{Talk header}} {{annual readership}} {{Userboxtop|Information}} {{Archive box|search=yes|style=background-color:#F9F9F9; border-color:#AAAAAA| *'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2020|2020]]''' *'''2021''' *:'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2021/January|Jan]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2021/February|Feb]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2021/March|Mar]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2021/April|Apr]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2021/May|May]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2021/June|Jun]]''' *:'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2021/July|Jul]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2021/August|Aug]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2021/September|Sep]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2021/October|Oct]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2021/November|Nov]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2021/December|Dec]]''' *'''2022''' *:'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2022/January|Jan]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2022/February|Feb]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2022/March|Mar]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2022/April|Apr]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2022/May|May]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2022/June|Jun]]''' *:'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2022/July|Jul]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2022/August|Aug]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2022/September|Sep]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2022/October|Oct]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2022/November|Nov]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2022/December|Dec]]''' *'''2023''' *:'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2023/January|Jan]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2023/February|Feb]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2023/March|Mar]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2023/April|Apr]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2023/May|May]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2023/June|Jun]]''' *:'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2023/July|Jul]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2023/August|Aug]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2023/September|Sep]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2023/October|Oct]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2023/November|Nov]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2023/December|Dec]]''' *'''2024''' *:'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2024/January|Jan]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2024/February|Feb]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2024/March|Mar]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2024/April|Apr]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2024/May|May]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2024/June|Jun]]''' *:'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2024/July|Jul]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2024/August|Aug]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2024/September|Sep]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2024/October|Oct]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2024/November|Nov]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2024/December|Dec]]''' *'''2025''' *:'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2025/January|Jan]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2025/February|Feb]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2025/March|Mar]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2025/April|Apr]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2025/May|May]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2025/June|Jun]]''' *:'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2025/July|Jul]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2025/August|Aug]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2025/September|Sep]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2025/October|Oct]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2025/November|Nov]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2025/December|Dec]]''' }} {{#Babel:en|de-2}} {{User:Gwib/timebox|1}} {{Userboxbottom}} Hello. Please leave messages for me here. Remember to sign with <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> and indent your replies using a : for each reply, if you are not using the "Reply" or "New topic" function. Thanks! <small>(Sections that have had no chat for 30 days get archived.)</small> [[File:Palace of Westminster, London - Feb 2007.jpg|850px]] == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-16 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Museu de Zoologia da USP 02.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo''' (Portuguese: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, abbreviated MZUSP) is a public natural history museum located in the historic Ipiranga district of São Paulo, Brazil. The MZUSP is an educational and research institution that is part of the University of São Paulo. The museum began at the end of the 19th century as part of the Museu Paulista; in 1941, it moved into a dedicated building. In 1969 the museum became a part of the University of São Paulo, receiving its current name. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:27, 14 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Tech News: 2025-16 == <section begin="technews-2025-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Later this week, the default thumbnail size will be increased from 220px to 250px. This changes how pages are shown in all wikis and has been requested by some communities for many years, but wasn't previously possible due to technical limitations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] * File thumbnails are now stored in discrete sizes. If a page specifies a thumbnail size that's not among the standard sizes (20, 40, 60, 120, 250, 330, 500, 960), then MediaWiki will pick the closest larger thumbnail size but will tell the browser to downscale it to the requested size. In these cases, nothing will change visually but users might load slightly larger images. If it doesn't matter which thumbnail size is used in a page, please pick one of the standard sizes to avoid the extra in-browser down-scaling step. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Thumbnail_sizes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation are working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] which will enable [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[:w:en:Denial-of-service attack|Distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is so that they can more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. * To improve security for users, a small percentage of logins will now require that the account owner input a one-time password [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:EmailAuth|emailed to their account]]. It is recommended that you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|check]] that the email address on your account is set correctly, and that it has been confirmed, and that you have an email set for this purpose. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390662] * "Are you interested in taking a short survey to improve tools used for reviewing or reverting edits on your Wiki?" This question will be [[phab:T389401|asked at 7 wikis starting next week]], on Recent Changes and Watchlist pages. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools team]] wants to know more about activities that involve looking at new edits made to your Wikimedia project, and determining whether they adhere to your project's policies. * On April 15, the full Wikidata graph will no longer be supported on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi>. After this date, scholarly articles will be available through <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap;">[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ query-scholarly.wikidata.org]</bdi>, while the rest of the data hosted on Wikidata will be available through the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi> endpoint. This is part of the scheduled split of the Wikidata Graph, which was [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|announced in September 2024]]. More information is [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|available on Wikidata]]. * The latest quarterly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter/First quarter of 2025|Wikimedia Apps Newsletter]] is now available. It covers updates, experiments, and improvements made to the Wikipedia mobile apps. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2025/April|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: an invitation for tool maintainers to attend the Toolforge UI Community Feedback Session on April 15th; recent community metrics; and recent technical blog posts. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W16"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:25, 15 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28540654 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-17 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Fear of crime]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ar:الخوف من الجريمة]])&#32;([[:it:Criminofobia]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Fear of crime''' refers to the fear of being a victim of crime, which is not necessarily reflective of the actual probability of being such a victim. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:24, 21 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28559524 --> == Tech News: 2025-17 == <section begin="technews-2025-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] is now integrated with [[w:dag:Solɔɣu|Dagbani Wikipedia]] since April 15. It is the first project that will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in articles. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2025-04-16] * A new type of lint error has been created: [[Special:LintErrors/empty-heading|{{int:linter-category-empty-heading}}]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint errors/empty-heading|documentation]]). The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|Linter extension]]'s purpose is to identify wikitext patterns that must or can be fixed in pages and provide some guidance about what the problems are with those patterns and how to fix them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368722] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Following its publication on HuggingFace, the "Structured Contents" dataset, developed by Wikimedia Enterprise, is [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/kaggle-dataset/ now also available on Kaggle]. This Beta initiative is focused on making Wikimedia data more machine-readable for high-volume reusers. They are releasing this beta version in a location that open dataset communities already use, in order to seek feedback, to help improve the product for a future wider release. You can read more about the overall [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/#open-datasets Structured Contents project], and about the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-wikipedia-infobox/ first release that's freely usable]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings and events''' * The Editing and Machine Learning Teams invite interested volunteers to a video meeting to discuss [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]], which is the latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] that will detect "peacock" or "overly-promotional" or "non-neutral" language whilst an editor is typing. Editors who work with newcomers, or help to fix this kind of writing, or are interested in how we use artificial intelligence in our projects are encouraged to attend. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team/Community Conversations#Next Conversation|meeting will be on April 28, 2025]] at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745863200 18:00–19:00 UTC] and hosted on Zoom. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W17"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:00, 21 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28578245 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-18 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Heritage preservation in South Korea]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Korean.Dance-03.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The heritage preservation system of South Korea is a multi-level program aiming to preserve and cultivate Korean cultural heritage. The program is administered by the Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA), and the legal framework is provided by the Cultural Heritage Protection Act of 1962, last updated in 2012. The program started in 1962 and has gradually been extended and upgraded since then. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:57, 28 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28583422 --> == Tech News: 2025-18 == <section begin="technews-2025-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Event organizers who host collaborative activities on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|multiple wikis]], including Bengali, Japanese, and Korean Wikipedias, will have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] this week. Also, admins in the Wikipedia where the extension is enabled will automatically be granted the event organizer right soon. They won't have to manually grant themselves the right before they can manage events as [[phab:T386861|requested by a community]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The release of the next major version of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, is scheduled for 29 April 2025. Technical editors will have access to the release by the week of 5 May 2025. This update will include a number of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Breaking_changes|breaking changes]] and minor [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Visual_changes|visual changes]]. Instructions on handling the breaking and visual changes are documented on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release Timeline/2.0#|this page]]. Pre-release testing is reported in [[phab:T386298|T386298]], with post-release issues tracked in [[phab:T392379|T392379]] and [[phab:T392390|T392390]]. * Users of [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Wiki_Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will notice that the database views of <code dir="ltr">ipblocks</code>, <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_ipindex</code>, and <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_compat</code> are [[phab:T390767|now deprecated]]. Users can query the <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_table|block]]</code> and <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_target_table|block_target]]</code> new views that mirror the new tables in the production database instead. The deprecated views will be removed entirely from Wiki Replicas in June, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes an overview of the improved [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=es&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en#/ Content Translation Dashboard Tool], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Language Support for New and Existing Languages|support for new languages]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Wiki Loves Ramadan Articles Made In Content Translation Mobile Workflow|highlights from the Wiki Loves Ramadan campaign]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Languages Onboarding Experiment 2024 - Executive Summary|results from the Language Onboarding Experiment]], an analysis of topic diversity in articles, and information on upcoming community meetings and events. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Knowledge_Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745937000 April 29 at 14:30 UTC]. This edition will focus on "Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects". You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Learning Clinic %E2%80%93 Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects (Part_1)|register now]] to attend. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which brings the global technical community together to connect, brainstorm, and hack existing projects, will take place from May 2 to 4th, 2025, at Istanbul, Turkey. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W18"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 28 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28585685 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-19 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lhamana]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:We-Wa, a Zuni berdache, weaving - NARA - 523796 (cropped).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Lhamana''', in traditional Zuni culture, are biologically male people who take on the social and ceremonial roles usually performed by women in their culture, at least some of the time. They wear a mixture of women's and men's clothing and much of their work is in the areas usually occupied by Zuni women. Some contemporary lhamana participate in the pan-Indian two-spirit community. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 07:29, 5 May 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28583422 --> == Tech News: 2025-19 == <section begin="technews-2025-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared the latest draft update to their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|annual plan]] for next year (July 2025–June 2026). This includes an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|executive summary]] (also on [[diffblog:2025/04/25/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundations-2025-2026-draft-annual-plan/|Diff]]), details about the three main [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals|goals]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|global trends]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Budget Overview|budget]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Financial Model|financial model]]. Feedback and questions are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|talk page]] until the end of May. '''Updates for editors''' * For wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]], two new feature improvements have been released: ** Admins can now choose which namespaces are permitted for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] via [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Permitted namespaces|documentation]]). The default setup is for event registration to be permitted in the Event namespace, but other namespaces (such as the project namespace or WikiProject namespace) can now be added. With this change, communities like WikiProjects can now more easily use Event Registration for their collaborative activities. ** Editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Transclusion|transclude]] the Collaboration List on a wiki page ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Collaboration list/Transclusion|documentation]]). The Collaboration List is an automated list of events and WikiProjects on the wikis, accessed via {{#special:AllEvents}} ([[w:en:Special:AllEvents|example]]). Now, the Collaboration List can be added to all sorts of wiki pages, such as: a wiki mainpage, a WikiProject page, an affiliate page, an event page, or even a user page. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library in gadgets and user scripts should revise their code to use alternatives like the <code dir=ltr>Intl</code> library or the new <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.DateFormatter</code> library. The <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library has been deprecated and will begin to log messages in the developer console. You can see a global search for current uses, and [[phab:T392532|ask related questions in this Phabricator task]]. * Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikidata term store tables (<code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">wbt_*</code>) need to update their code to connect to a separate database cluster. These tables are being split into a separate database cluster. Tools that query those tables via the wiki replicas must be adapted to connect to the new cluster instead. [[wikitech:News/2025 Wikidata term store database split|Documentation and related links are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390954] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.28|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on preparing to expand the deployment to additional wikis as soon as this week (starting May 6) and scaling up over the following weeks, plus exploring filtering and transforming source data. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W19"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:15, 6 May 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28665011 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-20 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Gruppo del Sileno]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Parco3.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Sileno ed Egle con Mnasilo e Cromi''', meglio noto come Gruppo del Sileno, è un monumento in marmo di Carrara, realizzato da Jean-Baptiste Boudard nel 1765 per il Giardino Ducale di Parma; sostituito nel 1991 con una copia in polvere di marmo e resina, l'originale si trova provvisoriamente nel chiostro della Fontana del monastero di San Paolo, in attesa della definitiva collocazione prevista all'interno del palazzetto Eucherio Sanvitale nel parco Ducale. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:28, 12 May 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28709947 --> == Tech News: 2025-20 == <section begin="technews-2025-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|"Get shortened URL"]] link on the sidebar now includes a [[phab:T393309|QR code]]. Wikimedia site users can now use it by scanning or downloading it to quickly share and access shared content from Wikimedia sites, conveniently. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]], which will enable [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[w:en:Denial-of-service attack|distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is to help more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. Tech News has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|previously written about this]]. The deployment will be gradual. Some might see the Edge Uniques cookie the week of 19 May. You can discuss this on the [[m:Talk:Edge Uniques|talk page]]. * Starting May 19, 2025, Event organisers in wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled can use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] in the project namespace (e.g., Wikipedia namespace, Wikidata namespace). With this change, communities don't need admins to use the feature. However, wikis that don't want this change can remove and add the permitted namespaces at [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/CampaignEvents]]. * The Wikipedia project now has a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q36720|Nupe]] ([[w:nup:|<code>w:nup:</code>]]). This is a language primarily spoken in the North Central region of Nigeria. Speakers of this language are invited to contribute to [[w:nup:Tatacin feregi|new Wikipedia]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers can now access pre-parsed Dutch Wikipedia, amongst others (English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese) through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/snapshot/#structured-contents-snapshot-bundle-info-beta Structured Contents snapshots (beta)]. The content includes parsed Wikipedia abstracts, descriptions, main images, infoboxes, article sections, and references. * The <code dir="ltr">/page/data-parsoid</code> REST API endpoint is no longer in use and will be deprecated. It is [[phab:T393557|scheduled to be turned off]] on June 7, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.1|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/2025_Cloud_VPS_VXLAN_IPv6_migration IPv6 support] is a newly introduced Cloud virtual network that significantly boosts Wikimedia platforms' scalability, security, and readiness for the future. If you are a technical contributor eager to learn more, check out [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/05/06/wikimedia-cloud-vps-ipv6-support/ this blog post] for an in-depth look at the journey to IPv6. '''Meetings and events''' * The 2nd edition of 2025 of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]], a virtual platform for African Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747328400 May 15 at 17:00 UTC]. This edition will focus on discussions regarding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|Wikimedia Annual planning and progress]]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MENA Connect Community Call|MENA Connect Community Call]], a virtual meeting for [[w:en:Middle East and North Africa|MENA]] Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747501200 May 17 at 17:00 UTC]. You can [[m:Event:MENA Connect (Wiki_Diwan) APP Call|register now]] to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W20"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:38, 12 May 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28714188 --> == Re: RevDel == Hi there, thanks for your message and clarification. Just to provide a little background, I was just trying to give some feedback to this [[Wikipedia:Administrators'_noticeboard#Revdel/oversight_request|request]], that cited in some way [[:en:WP:DENY]] and a previous deletion and selective restore in another talk, less relevant than [[Talk:Main page]]. I know this is not a simple.wiki procedure, but sometimes it has turned quite useful in discouraging vandals. Anyway I'll abide by the rules and avoid using RevDel tool when it is not strictly necessary. Have a nice day, --[[User:M7|M7]] ([[User talk:M7|talk]]) 06:11, 16 May 2025 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-21 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lorrin A. Thurston]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fi:Lorrin Thurston]])&#32;([[:ko:로린 A. 서스턴]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lorrinandrewsthurston1892.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Lorrin Andrews Thurston''' (July 31, 1858 – May 11, 1931) was a Hawaiian citizen lawyer, politician, and businessman. Thurston played a prominent role in the revolution that overthrew the Hawaiian Kingdom to replace Queen Liliʻuokalani with the Republic of Hawaii, with discreet US support for which Congress much later apologized. He published the Pacific Commercial Advertiser (a forerunner of the present-day Honolulu Star-Advertiser), and owned other enterprises. From 1906 to 1916, he and his network lobbied with national politicians to create a national park to preserve the Hawaiian volcanoes. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:33, 19 May 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28731710 --> == Tech News: 2025-21 == <section begin="technews-2025-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Peacock language model for the following languages: Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, English, and Japanese. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check/model test|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on May 23, which will be the start date of the test. '''Updates for editors''' * From May 20, 2025, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|oversighters]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:CheckUsers|checkusers]] will need to have their accounts secured with two-factor authentication (2FA) to be able to use their advanced rights. All users who belong to these two groups and do not have 2FA enabled have been informed. In the future, this requirement may be extended to other users with advanced rights. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] will begin mass deployment by the end of the month: all non-Wikipedia projects plus Catalan Wikipedia will adopt Multiblocks in the week of May 26, while all other Wikipedias will adopt it in the week of June 2. Please [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|contact the team]] if you have concerns. Administrators can test the new user interface now on your own wiki by browsing to [{{fullurl:Special:Block|usecodex=1}} {{#special:Block}}?usecodex=1], and can test the full multiblocks functionality [[testwiki:Special:Block|on testwiki]]. Multiblocks is the feature that makes it possible for administrators to impose different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|help page]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * Later this week, the [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] listing of almost all special pages will be updated with a new design. This page has been [[phab:T219543|redesigned]] to improve the user experience in a few ways, including: The ability to search for names and aliases of the special pages, sorting, more visible marking of restricted special pages, and a more mobile-friendly look. The new version can be [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages previewed] at Beta Cluster now, and feedback shared in the task. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219543] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is being enabled on more wikis. For a detailed list of when the extension will be enabled on your wiki, please read the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|deployment timeline]]. * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] will be deployed on May 27 on five Wiktionaries: [[wikt:ha:|Hausa]], [[wikt:ig:|Igbo]], [[wikt:bn:|Bengali]], [[wikt:ml:|Malayalam]], and [[wikt:dv:|Dhivehi/Maldivian]]. This is the second batch of deployment planned for the project. After deployment, the projects will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in their pages. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. * Later this week, the Wikimedia Foundation will publish a hub for [[diffblog:2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/|experiments]]. This is to showcase and get user feedback on product experiments. The experiments help the Wikimedia movement [[diffblog:2023/07/13/exploring-paths-for-the-future-of-free-knowledge-new-wikipedia-chatgpt-plugin-leveraging-rich-media-social-apps-and-other-experiments/|understand new users]], how they interact with the internet and how it could affect the Wikimedia movement. Some examples are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Generated Video|generated video]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Roblox game|Wikipedia Roblox speedrun game]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Discord bot|the Discord bot]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with creating an account using the API, which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390751] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets and user scripts that interact with [[{{#special:Block}}]] may need to be updated to work with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|manage blocks interface]]. Please review the [[mw:Help:Manage blocks/Developers|developer guide]] for more information. If you need help or are unable to adapt your script to the new interface, please let the team know on the [[mw:Help talk:Manage blocks/Developers|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * The <code dir=ltr>mw.title</code> object allows you to get information about a specific wiki page in the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Lua|Lua]] programming language. Starting this week, a new property will be added to the object, named <code dir=ltr>isDisambiguationPage</code>. This property allows you to check if a page is a disambiguation page, without the need to write a custom function. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71441] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] User script developers can use a [[toolforge:gitlab-content|new reverse proxy tool]] to load javascript and css from [[gitlab:|gitlab.wikimedia.org]] with <code dir=ltr>mw.loader.load</code>. The tool's author hopes this will enable collaborative development workflows for user scripts including linting, unit tests, code generation, and code review on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">gitlab.wikimedia.org</bdi> without a separate copy-and-paste step to publish scripts to a Wikimedia wiki for integration and acceptance testing. See [[wikitech:Tool:Gitlab-content|Tool:Gitlab-content on Wikitech]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The 12th edition of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Workshop 2025|Wiki Workshop 2025]], a forum that brings together researchers that explore all aspects of Wikimedia projects, will be held virtually on 21-22 May. Researchers can [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/wikiworkshop2025/ register now]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W21"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:13, 19 May 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28724712 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-22 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Lamiera bugnata]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Tread plate]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Diamond Plate.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Una '''lamiera bugnata''' o mandorlata è una lamiera di metallo ottenuta dalla laminazione di una bramma attraverso rulli che, tramite punzonatura o goffratura, imprimono sulla lamina rilievi a forma di rombo o ellisse, detti bugne. Nel caso questi rilievi siano alternati singolarmente nei due assi, si parla di lamiera diamantata, mentre se le forme sono predisposte in maniera parallela per formare piccoli quadranti tra di loro tangenti, questo pattern viene identificato con il nome di mandorlato. We tend to ignore the fact that this type of plate is the only reason we don't slip when we walk on steel and wet or frozen surfaces. The Italian article it's short but quite complete, and has just the right amount of citations, unlike other poor languages' versions. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 06:04, 26 May 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28751788 --> == Tech News: 2025-22 == <section begin="technews-2025-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A community-wide discussion about a very delicate issue for the development of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] is now open on Meta: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. The discussion is open until June 12 at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], and every opinion is welcomed. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. '''Updates for editors''' * Since last week, on all wikis except [[phab:T388604|the largest 20]], people using the mobile visual editor will have [[phab:T385851|additional tools in the menu bar]], accessed using the new <code>+</code> toolbar button. To start, the new menu will include options to add: citations, hieroglyphs, and code blocks. Deployment to the remaining wikis is [[phab:T388605|scheduled]] to happen in June. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist]]</code> parser function will no longer register a link to its target page. This will improve the usefulness of [[{{#special:WantedPages}}]], which will eventually only list pages that are the target of an actual red link. This change will happen gradually as the source pages are updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14019] * This week, the Moderator Tools team will launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], starting at Indonesian Wikipedia. This new filter highlights edits that are likely to be reverted. The goal is to help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic edits. Other wikis will benefit from this filter in the future. * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. Readers of Catalan, Hebrew, and Italian Wikipedias and some sister projects will receive the change between May 21 and mid-June. Readers of other wikis will receive the change later. The goal is to encourage users to read the wikis more. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * Some users of the Wikipedia Android app can use a new feature for readers, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]], a daily trivia game based on real historical events. The release has started as an A/B test, available to 50% of users in the following languages: English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Newsletter|Newsletter extension]] that is available on MediaWiki.org allows the creation of [[mw:Special:Newsletters|various newsletters]] for global users. The extension can now publish new issues as section links on an existing page, instead of requiring a new page for each issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393844] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The previously deprecated <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Ipblocks table|ipblocks]]</code> views in [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will be removed in the beginning of June. Users are encouraged to query the new <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block table|block]]</code> and <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block target table|block_target]]</code> views instead. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects|Wikidata and Sister Projects]] is a multi-day online event that will focus on how Wikidata is integrated to Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects. The event runs from May 29 – June 1. You can [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects#Sessions|read the Program schedule]] and [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|register]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W22"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:05, 26 May 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28788673 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-23 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Angelo azzurro (cocktail)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Ángel azul (cóctel)]])&#32;([[:fr:Ange bleu (cocktail)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Angelo Azzurro Cocktail.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> L''''angelo azzurro''' è un cocktail alcolico italiano. È considerato uno dei cocktail più popolari in Italia negli anni novanta, insieme al B-52 e all'Invisibile. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 05:39, 2 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Tech News: 2025-23 == <section begin="technews-2025-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Editors can use this new extension to create interactive data visualizations like bar, line, area, and pie charts. Charts are designed to replace many of the uses of the legacy [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]]. '''Updates for editors''' * It is now easier to configure automatic citations for your wiki within the visual editor's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]]. Administrators can now set a default template by using the <code dir=ltr>_default</code> key in the local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]</bdi> page ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|example diff]]). Setting this default will also help to future-proof your existing configurations when [[phab:T347823|new item types]] are added in the future. You can still set templates for individual item types as they will be preferred to the default template. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting the week of June 2, bots logging in using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> or <code dir=ltr>action=clientlogin</code> will fail more often. This is because of stronger protections against suspicious logins. Bots using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|bot passwords]] or using a loginless authentication method such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] are not affected. If your bot is not using one of those, you should update it; using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> without a bot password was deprecated [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|in 2016]]. For most bots, this only requires changing what password the bot uses. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205] * From this week, Wikimedia wikis will allow ES2017 features in JavaScript code for official code, gadgets, and user scripts. The most visible feature of ES2017 is <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax, allowing for easier-to-read code. Until this week, the platform only allowed up to ES2016, and a few months before that, up to ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Scholarship applications to participate in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] are now open. The conference will take place from 30 October to 1 November, in Lisbon, Portugal. GLAM contributors who lack the means to support their participation can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|apply here]]. Scholarship applications close on June 7th. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W23"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:55, 2 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28819186 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-24 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:fi:Kotiryssä]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Kotiryssä]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''kotiryssä''' (jocular Finnish: one’s home Russky or home Russian) was a Soviet or Russian contact person of a Finnish politician, bureaucrat, businessman or other important person. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:33, 9 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Tech News: 2025-24 == <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]]. * Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> and <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:17, 10 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-25 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Future self]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pl:Przyszła jaźń]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In the psychology of self, the '''future self''' concerns the processes and consequences associated with thinking about oneself in the future. People think about their future selves similarly to how they think about other people. The extent to which people feel psychologically connected (e.g., similarity, closeness) to their future self influences how well they treat their future self. When people feel connected to their future self, they are more likely to save for retirement, make healthy decisions, and avoid ethical transgressions. Interventions that increase feelings of connectedness with future selves can improve future-oriented decision making across these domains. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:18, 16 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Tech News: 2025-25 == <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:38, 16 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-26 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pictorial map]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:نقشه تصویری]])&#32;([[:ja:絵地図]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Blake Britain Spearhead of Attack.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pictorial maps''' (also known as illustrated maps, panoramic maps, perspective maps, bird's-eye view maps, and geopictorial maps) depict a given territory with a more artistic rather than technical style. It is a type of map in contrast to road map, atlas, or topographic map. The cartography can be a sophisticated 3-D perspective landscape or a simple map graphic enlivened with illustrations of buildings, people and animals. They can feature all sorts of varied topics like historical events, legendary figures or local agricultural products and cover anything from an entire continent to a college campus. Drawn by specialized artists and illustrators, pictorial maps are a rich, centuries-old tradition and a diverse art form that ranges from cartoon maps on restaurant placemats to treasured art prints in museums. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:18, 23 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Tech News: 2025-26 == <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * The <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the "Add a Link" Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 23 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-27 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Queen Elizabeth University Hospital]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:QEUH.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Queen Elizabeth University Hospital''' (QEUH) is a 1,677-bed acute hospital located in Govan, in the south-west of Glasgow, Scotland. The hospital is built on the site of the former Southern General Hospital and opened at the end of April 2015. The hospital comprises a 1,109-bed adult hospital, a 256-bed children's hospital and two major Emergency Departments; one for adults and one for children. There is also an Immediate Assessment Unit for local GPs and out-of-hours services, to send patients directly, without having to be processed through the Emergency Department. The retained buildings from the former Southern General Hospital include the Maternity Unit, the Institute of Neurological Sciences, the Langlands Unit for medicine of the elderly and the laboratory. The whole facility is operated by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, and is one of the largest acute hospital campuses in Europe. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:05, 30 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Tech News: 2025-27 == <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's "Find in page" function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special "favourite list". The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:41, 30 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> == Rollback == Alright, thank you. I will try to continue working for another 2–3 weeks to show that I can reasonably fight vandalism. Best regards [[User:Igor123121|Igor123121]] ([[User talk:Igor123121|talk]]) 07:05, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :{{re|Igor123121}} thank you for all the work you've done so far! --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 16:32, 2 July 2025 (UTC) bkeqe7cql3cmzg1pxg5ukq70hkehfxy 0 799845 10368783 10209721 2025-07-03T02:43:10Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Baryonic Matter */ fixed a sentence structure issue and a typo of duplication 10368783 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Structure of the Universe.jpg|250px|thumb|The Universe consists of vast galaxy filaments and voids spanning incredibly large distances.(Billions of light years)]] '''Large Scale structure of the Universe''' refers to the patterns of galaxies and matter on scales much larger than individual [[galaxies]] and [[Galaxy group|groupings of galaxies]]. These correlated structures can be seen up to billion of light years in length and are created and shaped by gravity.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Large-Scale Structure|url=https://www.darkenergysurvey.org/supporting-science/large-scale-structure/|access-date=2020-11-02|website=The Dark Energy Survey|language=en-US}}</ref> On large scales, the Universe displays coherent structure with galaxies residing in groups and clusters on scale(s) of ~1-3 megaparsecs (Mpc), which lie at the intersections of long [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_filament Galaxy filaments] that are usually >10 Mpc in length. Vast regions of relatively empty space, known as [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Void_(astronomy) voids], contain very few galaxies and span in the volume in between these structures.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Coil|first=Alison L.|title=Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems |date=2013|chapter=The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe |pages=387–421|doi=10.1007/978-94-007-5609-0_8|arxiv=1202.6633|bibcode=2013pss6.book..387C|isbn=978-94-007-5608-3|s2cid=56104933}}</ref> It is amplified to enormous proportion by [[gravitational force]]s, producing ever-growing concentrations of [[dark matter]] in which ordinary gases cool, condense and fragment to create galaxies. The Large Scale Structure incorporates the notion of all the content in the universe which includes [[Galaxies]] — most of them bound in [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercluster Galaxy clusters and Superclusters], [[Dark matter]] and [[Dark energy]]. While precise figures are impossible to acquire, it is currently thought that Dark Energy makes up 68% of the universe, Dark Matter follows with 27%, [[Radiation]] ([[Neutrinos]] and [[Photons]]) consisting of 0.1-0.2% meanwhile matter (anything made up of [[Atoms]]) consists of 4.9%. Other revised studies suggest that Dark Energy makes up 70% of the universe, Dark Matter following suit with 25%, Free [[Hydrogen]] and [[Helium]] make up ~4%,Neutrinos constituting 0.3% and other [[Chemical element|chemical elements]] constituting 0.003%. The composition and contents of the universe have changed over time,have influenced the Cosmos' evolution and will decide the [[Ultimate fate of the universe]]. After the Big Bang and for the next 3 billion years, the universe was Radiation dominated as can be evidenced from the [[Cosmic microwave background radiation|Cosmic Microwave Background]] (CMB). For the next 3—7.7 billion years, the universe was matter dominated and its expansion started to progressively slow down, however, since then, the universe became dominated by a poorly understood form on [[Energy|vacuum energy]] known as Dark Energy — a form of energy that has since then accelerated the universe's expansion. == Dark energy == {{Main article|Dark energy}} The term ''[[dark energy]]'' can be used to refer to a subset of all causes of the observed [[accelerating expansion of the universe]]. In 1998, two [[Cosmology]] research teams, the High-Z Supernova Search Team and the Supernova Cosmology Project set out to measure the universe's rate of expansion which, according to Cosmological methods of the time, should have being slowing down as the immense [[Gravitation|gravitational pull]] generated by the Cosmic Web should have dominated over the expansion rate drawing the [[observable universe]]'s contents back into a [[singularity]] as the Big Crunch predicted. Instead, via the [[measurement]] of very distant [[supernovae]], Cosmologists deduced that the universe was expanding, and that the expansion rate was indeed uncontrollably accelerating, seemingly caused by an unknown [[spacetime]] phenomena now given the term ''dark energy.'' Dark Energy's nature is still unknown, even less well understood unlike the hypothetical dark matter. It is probably in the form of an exotic type of vacuum energy exerting negative pressure on the universe. Its density is also extremely low, ~6×10<sup>-10</sup> J/m<sup>3</sup> or ~7×10<sup>-30</sup> g/cm<sup>3</sup>. Much less than the density of normal matter or dark matter. However, it is dominant because # It doesn't dilute away unlike normal and dark matter are projected too — It is constant (in terms of [[Density]]) # Its values add up over large cosmic scales and dominate over [[gravitational energy]] at such scales. Due to this inherent dominance, it is Dark Energy's behavior which will dictate the universe's far future.[[File:Large-scale_structure_formation.gif|220x124px|thumb|right|Due to inflation and Dark Energy's dominance, the contents of the Cosmic Web have been stretched out. In fact, it is currently thought that due to this, 94% of all galaxies have already crossed the ever shrinking Cosmological horizon.]] == Dark matter == {{Main article|Dark matter}} [[Dark matter]] is the term given to an apparent hypothetical invisible mass that is currently thought to consist of 85% of the universe's mass. It is thought that every galaxy has dark matter worth the galaxy's mass many times over, primarily situated at the outer edges of galaxies. It is currently agreed that dark matter must be some kind of [[hypothetical particle]] unknown to the [[Standard Model]]. === Background to the discovery of dark matter === Dark Matter's existence was first postulated by Swiss [[astronomer]] [[Fritz Zwicky]] who hypothesized it's existence based on observations of the Coma Cluster.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Zwicky|first=F.|date=1937-10-01|title=On the Masses of Nebulae and of Clusters of Nebulae|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1937ApJ....86..217Z|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=86|pages=217|doi=10.1086/143864|bibcode=1937ApJ....86..217Z |issn=0004-637X}}</ref> Applying the virial theorem, Zwicky noticed that there was an apparent contradiction based on the speed of the galaxies which indirectly led him to obtain evidence of dark matter which he called dunkle materie (literally ''dark matter''). Zwicky estimated its mass based on the motions of galaxies near its edge and compared that to an estimate based on its brightness and number of galaxies. He estimated the cluster had about 400 times more mass than was visually observable. The gravitational effect of the visible galaxies was far too small for such fast orbits, thus there must have been mass hidden from view. Based on these conclusions, Zwicky inferred that some unseen matter provided the mass and associated gravitational attraction to hold the cluster together. Zwicky's estimates were off by more than an [[order of magnitude]], mainly due to an obsolete value of the [[Hubble constant]], the same calculation today shows a smaller fraction, using greater values for luminous mass. Nonetheless, Zwicky did correctly conclude from his calculation that the bulk of the matter in the Coma cluster was dark matter.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Staff|first=Ars|date=2017-02-03|title=A history of dark matter|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/02/a-history-of-dark-matter/|access-date=2023-05-06|website=Ars Technica|language=en-us}}</ref> Generally though, it is agreed by [[Physicist|physicists]] that dark matter will not play any significant role in regards to the [[Timeline of the far future|Far Future]] of the universe<ref>{{Cite arXiv|last1=Carroll|first1=Sean M.|last2=Chen|first2=Jennifer|date=2004-10-27|title=Spontaneous Inflation and the Origin of the Arrow of Time|eprint=hep-th/0410270 }}</ref> == 'Normal' Matter & Radiation == === Baryonic Matter === [[File:Helium atom QM.svg|thumb|An accurate [[Quantum mechanics|quantum mechanical]] description of a [[Helium]] atom. In the illustration, the surrounding greyish fuzzy cloud is the electron probability cloud which represents all the possible places the [[Electron|electron(s)]] could be in. A phenomena of all [[Subatomic particle|subatomic particles]] (as well as atoms and molecules) arising from Quantum [[Superposition principle|Superposition]] and [[Heisenberg's uncertainty principle]]. ]] A [[baryon]] is a particle consisting of three quarks/antiquarks (In other words, a [[hadron]]). Therefore, baryonic matter can in very rather simple terms be referred to as anything consisting of particles consisting of three standard model based particles. By extension, this includes [[Atom|atoms]], groups of atoms ([[Molecule|molecules]]) and the various large scale structures they form such as [[Human|humans]], the [[Earth]], [[Star|stars]] etc. Baryonic matter in much simpler commutative terms is what can interact electromagnetically, gravitationally and via the [[weak force]] and the [[strong nuclear force]]. On the largest scales, normal matter contributes to the Cosmic Web, a spread collection of all the universe's contents in its sheer volume into a series of protruding structures synonymous to webs. With the path constituent of [[galaxy filaments]] made up of Galactic walls which are then made up of [[superclusters]], [[galaxy clusters]], individual [[galaxy groups]] and on to individual collections of galaxies. [[File:Map_of_the_Cosmic_Web_Generated_from_Slime_Mould_Algorithm.jpg|220x124px|thumb|right|alt=Galactic Filaments are vast collections of Galactic walls which are themselves made of vast superclusters. Spanning billions of light years, they form the basis of the Cosmic Web, a sort of skeleton containing everything in the universe.|Galaxy filaments are incredibly large collections of Galactic Walls which are themselves collections of vast superclusters.They link up across intergalactic space to form the Cosmic Web — the universe's ‘skeleton’.]] [[File:Cosmic_web.jpg|220x124px|thumb|right|A simulated 3D image of the Cosmic Web, the vast distribution of matter and energy across the universe.]] === Radiation === {{Main article|Radiation}} [[Radiation]] can best and most accurately be termed as the movement of particles or energy through space. There's many forms of radiation from [[gravitational waves]] (sometimes simply termed as ''gravitational radiation'') to [[electromagnetic radiation]] (light, also ''electromagnetic waves.'') However, due to such a broad definition, the universe is full of radiation everywhere, from the billions of [[neutrinos]] passing through our bodies and Earth to the light that is being received by your [[eyes]]. == Related pages == * [[Inflation (cosmology)]] * [[Dark matter]] * [[Dark energy]] * [[Cosmological principle]] == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Universe]] [[Category:Cosmology]] 1j6celoak9vlw124uem244mjvojrh1a 0 800382 10368051 10356809 2025-07-02T18:22:11Z 2600:4040:2CC4:E100:8857:50C6:B833:948D 10368051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use American English|date = April 2019}} {{Use mdy dates|date=October 2015}} {{Infobox film | name = Inspector Gadget | director = David Kellogg | screenplay = {{Plainlist| * [[Kerry Ehrin]] * [[Zak Penn]] }} | story = {{Plainlist| * Kerry Ehrin * [[Dana Olsen]] }} | based_on = {{Based on|''[[Inspector Gadget (1983 TV series)|Inspector Gadget]]''|[[Bruno Bianchi (cartoonist)|Bruno Bianchi]]<br/>[[Jean Chalopin]]<br/>[[Andy Heyward]]}} | producer = {{Plainlist| * [[Roger Birnbaum]] * Andy Heyward * [[Jordan Kerner]] }} | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Jerry Seinfeld]] * [[Rupert Everett]] * [[Joely Fisher]] * [[Michelle Trachtenberg]] * [[Mike Hagerty]] * [[Andy Dick]] * [[Cheri Oteri]] * [[Dabney Coleman]] }} | cinematography = [[Adam Greenberg (cinematographer)|Adam Greenberg]] | editing = {{Plainlist| * Alan Cody * [[Thom Noble]] }} | music = [[David Newman]] | production_companies = {{Plainlist| * [[Walt Disney Pictures]] * [[Caravan Pictures]] * [[DIC Entertainment]] * Avnet/Kerner Productions * [[Roger Birnbaum Productions]] }} | distributor = [[Buena Vista Pictures Distribution]] | released = {{Film date|1999|07|23}} | runtime = 78 minutes | country = United States | language = English | budget = $75–90 million | gross = $134.4 million }} '''''Inspector Gadget''''' is a 1999 American police comedy movie based on the [[Inspector Gadget|cartoon]] of the same name. It had a [[Inspector Gadget 2|direct-to-video sequel]] in 2003 with [[French Stewart]] as Gadget. It was directed by David Kellogg. It was written by Kerry Ehrin and Zak Penn. ==Plot== Officer John Brown had been caught in a fatal accident set off by Sanford Scolex. He was repaired with various items inside him. He was given a talking Gadgetmobile that helps him out. ==Cast== *[[Jerry Seinfeld]] as John Brown/Inspector Gadget and Robo-Gadget *[[Rupert Everett]] as Sanford Scolex/Claw *[[Joely Fisher]] as Brenda Bradford *[[Michelle Trachtenberg]] as Penny *[[Andy Dick]] as Kramer *[[Mike Hagerty]] as Sikes *[[René Auberjonois]] as Dr. Bradford *[[D.L. Hughley]] as the voice of Gadgetmobile *[[Don Adams]] as the voice of Brain ===Filming=== [[Principal photography]] began on July 20, 1998, and [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] on October 3, 1998. ==Reception== Many people didn't like the movie, especially how Claw's face was revealed compared to the cartoon and that Gadget is able to be much less clueless. {{movie-stub}} [[Category:1999 comedy movies]] [[Category:1990s superhero movies]] [[Category:American comedy movies]] [[Category:Disney movies]] [[Category:Police comedy movies]] [[Category:American superhero movies]] g533yp6pokkjgbwti5rfr5cyb7ira7o 10368052 10368051 2025-07-02T18:22:32Z 2600:4040:2CC4:E100:8857:50C6:B833:948D /* Filming */ 10368052 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use American English|date = April 2019}} {{Use mdy dates|date=October 2015}} {{Infobox film | name = Inspector Gadget | director = David Kellogg | screenplay = {{Plainlist| * [[Kerry Ehrin]] * [[Zak Penn]] }} | story = {{Plainlist| * Kerry Ehrin * [[Dana Olsen]] }} | based_on = {{Based on|''[[Inspector Gadget (1983 TV series)|Inspector Gadget]]''|[[Bruno Bianchi (cartoonist)|Bruno Bianchi]]<br/>[[Jean Chalopin]]<br/>[[Andy Heyward]]}} | producer = {{Plainlist| * [[Roger Birnbaum]] * Andy Heyward * [[Jordan Kerner]] }} | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Jerry Seinfeld]] * [[Rupert Everett]] * [[Joely Fisher]] * [[Michelle Trachtenberg]] * [[Mike Hagerty]] * [[Andy Dick]] * [[Cheri Oteri]] * [[Dabney Coleman]] }} | cinematography = [[Adam Greenberg (cinematographer)|Adam Greenberg]] | editing = {{Plainlist| * Alan Cody * [[Thom Noble]] }} | music = [[David Newman]] | production_companies = {{Plainlist| * [[Walt Disney Pictures]] * [[Caravan Pictures]] * [[DIC Entertainment]] * Avnet/Kerner Productions * [[Roger Birnbaum Productions]] }} | distributor = [[Buena Vista Pictures Distribution]] | released = {{Film date|1999|07|23}} | runtime = 78 minutes | country = United States | language = English | budget = $75–90 million | gross = $134.4 million }} '''''Inspector Gadget''''' is a 1999 American police comedy movie based on the [[Inspector Gadget|cartoon]] of the same name. It had a [[Inspector Gadget 2|direct-to-video sequel]] in 2003 with [[French Stewart]] as Gadget. It was directed by David Kellogg. It was written by Kerry Ehrin and Zak Penn. ==Plot== Officer John Brown had been caught in a fatal accident set off by Sanford Scolex. He was repaired with various items inside him. He was given a talking Gadgetmobile that helps him out. ==Cast== *[[Jerry Seinfeld]] as John Brown/Inspector Gadget and Robo-Gadget *[[Rupert Everett]] as Sanford Scolex/Claw *[[Joely Fisher]] as Brenda Bradford *[[Michelle Trachtenberg]] as Penny *[[Andy Dick]] as Kramer *[[Mike Hagerty]] as Sikes *[[René Auberjonois]] as Dr. Bradford *[[D.L. Hughley]] as the voice of Gadgetmobile *[[Don Adams]] as the voice of Brain ===Filming=== [[Principal photography]] began in Fairfax, Virginia on July 20, 1998, and [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] on October 3, 1998. ==Reception== Many people didn't like the movie, especially how Claw's face was revealed compared to the cartoon and that Gadget is able to be much less clueless. {{movie-stub}} [[Category:1999 comedy movies]] [[Category:1990s superhero movies]] [[Category:American comedy movies]] [[Category:Disney movies]] [[Category:Police comedy movies]] [[Category:American superhero movies]] czefz5ya5y5hlpgycr7b9n24mmu067j 10368053 10368052 2025-07-02T18:22:42Z 2600:4040:2CC4:E100:8857:50C6:B833:948D /* Filming */ 10368053 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use American English|date = April 2019}} {{Use mdy dates|date=October 2015}} {{Infobox film | name = Inspector Gadget | director = David Kellogg | screenplay = {{Plainlist| * [[Kerry Ehrin]] * [[Zak Penn]] }} | story = {{Plainlist| * Kerry Ehrin * [[Dana Olsen]] }} | based_on = {{Based on|''[[Inspector Gadget (1983 TV series)|Inspector Gadget]]''|[[Bruno Bianchi (cartoonist)|Bruno Bianchi]]<br/>[[Jean Chalopin]]<br/>[[Andy Heyward]]}} | producer = {{Plainlist| * [[Roger Birnbaum]] * Andy Heyward * [[Jordan Kerner]] }} | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Jerry Seinfeld]] * [[Rupert Everett]] * [[Joely Fisher]] * [[Michelle Trachtenberg]] * [[Mike Hagerty]] * [[Andy Dick]] * [[Cheri Oteri]] * [[Dabney Coleman]] }} | cinematography = [[Adam Greenberg (cinematographer)|Adam Greenberg]] | editing = {{Plainlist| * Alan Cody * [[Thom Noble]] }} | music = [[David Newman]] | production_companies = {{Plainlist| * [[Walt Disney Pictures]] * [[Caravan Pictures]] * [[DIC Entertainment]] * Avnet/Kerner Productions * [[Roger Birnbaum Productions]] }} | distributor = [[Buena Vista Pictures Distribution]] | released = {{Film date|1999|07|23}} | runtime = 78 minutes | country = United States | language = English | budget = $75–90 million | gross = $134.4 million }} '''''Inspector Gadget''''' is a 1999 American police comedy movie based on the [[Inspector Gadget|cartoon]] of the same name. It had a [[Inspector Gadget 2|direct-to-video sequel]] in 2003 with [[French Stewart]] as Gadget. It was directed by David Kellogg. It was written by Kerry Ehrin and Zak Penn. ==Plot== Officer John Brown had been caught in a fatal accident set off by Sanford Scolex. He was repaired with various items inside him. He was given a talking Gadgetmobile that helps him out. ==Cast== *[[Jerry Seinfeld]] as John Brown/Inspector Gadget and Robo-Gadget *[[Rupert Everett]] as Sanford Scolex/Claw *[[Joely Fisher]] as Brenda Bradford *[[Michelle Trachtenberg]] as Penny *[[Andy Dick]] as Kramer *[[Mike Hagerty]] as Sikes *[[René Auberjonois]] as Dr. Bradford *[[D.L. Hughley]] as the voice of Gadgetmobile *[[Don Adams]] as the voice of Brain ===Filming=== [[Principal photography]] began in [[Fairfax, Virginia]] on July 20, 1998, and [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] on October 3, 1998. ==Reception== Many people didn't like the movie, especially how Claw's face was revealed compared to the cartoon and that Gadget is able to be much less clueless. {{movie-stub}} [[Category:1999 comedy movies]] [[Category:1990s superhero movies]] [[Category:American comedy movies]] [[Category:Disney movies]] [[Category:Police comedy movies]] [[Category:American superhero movies]] 5eqmtqus6qo0heje6amggyjq9qjl91e 0 802685 10368635 10318663 2025-07-03T01:27:41Z 103.144.157.183 10368635 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|the list of television stations|List of television stations in the Philippines}} {{Use American English|date=August 2019}} [[File:Digital broadcast standards.svg|thumb|400x400px|Digital TV Standards around the world.]] This is the '''list of the stations on digital television in the Philippines'''.<ref>{{cite web |title=NTC List of DTTB Stations via FOI website |url=http://storage.googleapis.com/request-attachments/3qwepDblYFlFpRIAxnpr8DeBq7m2qrvCyUDjZHDqcWYLHU55YohnTf2QwdWk8xHnErMQ6iIXPAiLJZM2qJGi32oxvPDGCessrNvB/NTC%20FOI%20223511250758.pdf |website=foi.gov.ph |date=September 6, 2019}}</ref> The availability of channels to viewers depends on their location. The National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) has adopted the ISDB-Tb standard for Philippine television. {{Update section|date=April 2025}} ==Background== [[File:ISDB-T CH Seg Prog allocation.svg|thumb|ISDB-T Segments]] Updated as of {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dtvpilipinas.org/ |title=DTV Pilipinas official website |access-date=2020-11-19 |archive-date=2020-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716060054/https://www.dtvpilipinas.org/ |url-status=dead }} {{cite web |url=https://dtvpilipinas.blogspot.com |title=DTV Pilipinas official blogsite }}</ref> Most channels are still under test broadcast. All analog services are expected to be terminated by the end of 2025.<ref name=ntcph>{{cite news |title=Gov't wants analog TV switched off by 2023 |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/599484/money/companies/gov-t-wants-analog-tv-switched-off-by-2023 |work=GMA News Online |date=February 14, 2017 |author=Cabuenas, Jon Viktor D.}}</ref> <nowiki>*</nowiki>''Data collected from sources and some wiki pages.'' ''*Channels received may vary with location or with the strength of the signal of the broadcaster.'' ''*Most of the channels are in the phase of test broadcast, resulting to some places that cannot receive other stations due to dead spots and low transmitting power among stations.'' ''*Some Channels are encrypted and can only be accessed through select set-top box or mobile dongle manufacturers.'' {{clear}} ==Metro Manila== ===National Capital Region (NCR)=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWGT-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''14''' | rowspan="5" | '''473.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''4.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV HD''' | rowspan="2" | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 7 a.m. - 1 a.m. | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW TPO; 25 kW ERP) |- |'''4.02''' | '''PTV SD''' | rowspan="3" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- |'''4.03''' | '''PTV NEWS''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 6 a.m. - 8 p.m. |- | '''4.04''' | '''PTV SPORTS''' | [[PTV Sports (TV Program)|PTV Sports Network]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- |'''4.05''' | '''PTV 1SEG''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | [[16:9]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - midnight <br /> Weekends: 7 a.m. - midnight | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DZBB-TV]] | rowspan="7" | '''27''' | rowspan="7" | '''551.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''27.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: <br /> 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (15 kW TPO; 100 kW ERP) |- | '''27.02''' | '''NEWS TV''' | [[NEWS TV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.03''' | PINOY HITS | [[PINOY HITS]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. to midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. to midnight |- | '''7.05''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''7.06''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | Test broadcast |- | '''7.21''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[GMA Network]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: <br /> 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="1" | [[DZMV-TV]] | rowspan="1" | '''16''' | rowspan="1" | '''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''ALLTV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7:00 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (10 kW TPO/25 kW ERP) |- | rowspan="3"| [[DZTV-TV]] | rowspan="3"| '''17''' | rowspan="3"| '''491.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''13.01''' | rowspan="3"| [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''IBC HD''' | rowspan="1"| [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC 13]] | rowspan="3" [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1"| Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 11:00 p.m. <br /> Weekends: 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. | rowspan="3"| Test broadcast (3 kW TPO/ 8 kW ERP) |- | '''13.02''' | '''Congress TV''' | rowspan="1"| [[Congress TV]] | rowspan="1"| 9:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. |- | '''13.03''' | '''DWAN HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[DWAN-AM|DWAN 1206 TV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:00 a.m. – midnight |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWET-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DZKB-TV]] | rowspan="3" | '''19''' | rowspan="3" | '''503.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''19.01''' | rowspan="1" |[[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN''' | [[DZKB-TV|RPN]] | 16:9 [[480i]] [[High-definition|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (5 kW TPO 10 kW ERP) |- |'''19.02''' | rowspan="1" |[[Nine Media Corporation]], [[Radio Philippines Network]] and [[Cignal TV]] (Operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] from [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc]].) | '''RPTV HD''' | [[RPTV (TV channel)|RPTV]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. - midnight |- | '''19.06''' | rowspan="1" | [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN 1Seg''' | RPN | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DZOE-TV]] | rowspan="3" | '''20''' | rowspan="3" | '''509.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''20.21''' | rowspan="3" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. <br /> Sunday: 5 a.m. - 12:15 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW TPO; 30 kW ERP) |- | '''20.24''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. - 9 p.m. |- | '''20.31''' | '''A2Z OneSeg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. <br /> Sunday: 5 a.m. - 12:15 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="4" | [[DWCP-DTV]] | rowspan="4" | '''21''' | rowspan="4" | '''515.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''21.01''' | rowspan="4" |[[Southern Broadcasting Network]] and [[Solar Entertainment Corporation]] | '''SolarFlix''' | [[SolarFlix]] | rowspan="4" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="4" | 6 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="4" | Fully migrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (3 kW) |- | '''21.02''' | '''Solar Sports''' | [[Solar Sports]] |- | '''21.03''' | '''DepEd ALS''' | [[Solar Learning]]/[[DepEd TV|DepEd TV ALS]] |- | '''21.04''' | '''Shop TV''' | [[Shop TV]] |- | rowspan="2" | [[Aliw Broadcasting Corporation|DWIZ-DTV]] | rowspan="2" | '''23''' | rowspan="2" | '''527.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''23.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Aliw Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''ALIW 23 HD''' | rowspan="2" | [[Aliw Channel 23|ALIW 23]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 4 a.m. - 10 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast / Configuration Testing (5 kW) |- | '''23.02''' | '''ALIW 23 SD''' | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="2" | [[DZRH-TV]] | rowspan="2" | '''24''' | rowspan="2" | '''533.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''24.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Manila Broadcasting Company]] | '''DZRH TV''' | rowspan="2" | [[DZRH News Television]] | 16.9 [[720p]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 24 hours | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''24.31''' | '''DZRH TV 1seg''' | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DZEC-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''28''' | rowspan="5" | '''557.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''28.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25 HD''' | rowspan="2" | [[Net 25]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="5" | 24 hours | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''28.02''' | '''NET 25 SD''' | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''28.03''' | ''' INCTV HD''' | {{n/a|Grey screen}} | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] |- | '''28.04''' | '''INCTV SD''' | [[DZCE-TV|INC TV]] | rowspan="1" |16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''28.05''' | '''EBC RESERVED''' | [[Net 25]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] |- | rowspan="5" |[[DZRJ-DTV]] | rowspan="5" |'''29''' | rowspan="5" |'''563.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''29.21''' | rowspan="5" |[[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''RJ DigiTV''' | [[DZRJ-DTV | RJ DigiTV]] | rowspan="5" |16:9 [[480i]] [[Standard-definition television|SDTV]] | 5 a.m. - 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (still on test broadcast) (2.5 kW) (poor signal transmission) |- | '''29.22''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | 24 Hours |- | '''29.23''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] | 5 a.m. - midnight |- | '''29.24''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | RJ Rock TV | 5 a.m. - 2 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''29.25''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="8" | [[DWKC-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''31''' | rowspan="8" | '''575.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''31.01''' | rowspan="8" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRIME TV''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] |[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 4 a.m. - midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" |Fully migrated from analog to digital <br> Commercial broadcast (5 kW TPO/25kW ERP) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. to midnight |- | '''31.03''' | '''Knowledge Channel''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. - 11 p.m. |- | '''31.04''' | '''BLAST MOVIES''' | [[Movie Central (Philippine TV channel)|Blast Movies]] | 6 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''31.05''' | '''Bilyonaryo News Channel''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[Pilipinas HD]] / [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DZOZ-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''33''' | rowspan="3" | '''587.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''33.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] | '''Light TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | rowspan="2" |16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="3" | Monday - Saturday: 8 a.m. - 8 p.m. <br /> Sunday: 7 a.m. - 8 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Still under test broadcast) (5 kW TPO; 25 kW ERP) |- | '''33.02''' | '''Light TV SD1''' | rowspan="1" | Light TV Promotional channel |- | '''33.31''' | '''Light TV 1seg''' | rowspan="1" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWAO-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''38''' | rowspan="5" | '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''55.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Progressive Broadcasting Corporation]] and [[Information Broadcast Unlimited]] | '''UNTV''' | [[UNTV (Philippines)|UNTV]] | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="5" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW) (poor signal transmission) |- | '''55.02''' | '''STV''' | [[STV (Philippines)|STV]] / currently mirror feed from [[UNTV (Philippines)|UNTV]] | rowspan="2" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] |- | '''55.03''' | '''TRUTH CHANNEL''' | [[Truth Channel]] |- | '''55.04''' | '''UNTV Reserve''' | {{n/a|Blank feed}} | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | {{n/a|Black screen}} |- | '''55.31''' | '''UNTV 1SEG''' | [[UNTV (Philippines)|UNTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="2" |[[DWDE-TV]] | rowspan="2" |'''42''' | rowspan="2" |'''641.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''42.01''' | rowspan="2" |[[Brigada Mass Media Corporation]] | '''BRIGADA TV-HD''' | Brigada TV | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 4:00 a.m to 12:30 a.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''42.02''' | '''BRIGADA TV-SD''' | [[DWBM-FM|105.1 Brigada News FM Mega Manila]] | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="4" |[[DWVN-DTV]] | rowspan="4" |'''45''' | rowspan="4" |'''659.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''45.01''' | rowspan="4" |[[Gateway UHF Television Broadcasting]] and [[Global Satellite Technology Services]] | '''Hope Phil''' | rowspan="3" | [[Hope Channel Philippines]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="4" | 24 hours | rowspan="4" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Still under test broadcast) (3.5 kW) (poor signal transmission) |- | '''45.02''' | '''Hope Intl''' | rowspan="3"| 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''45.03''' | '''Hope Live''' |- | '''45.04''' | '''OMN SD''' | [[One Media Network]] |- | rowspan="3" |[[DZCE-TV]] | rowspan="3" |'''49''' | rowspan="3" |'''683.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''01.01''' | rowspan="3" |[[Christian Era Broadcasting Service International]] | '''INC TV HD''' | rowspan="3" | [[DZCE-TV|INC TV]] | rowspan="2" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 4 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (10kW) |- | '''01.02''' | '''INC TV HD1''' |- | '''01.03''' | '''INC TV SD''' | rowspan="1" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWNB-TV|DWNB-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''51''' | rowspan="5" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (Mirror feed from DTT-18) (5.5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ==Luzon== ===Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)=== ===Benguet=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="2" | [[DZHB-TV|DZHB-DTV]] | rowspan="2" | '''17''' | rowspan="2" | '''491.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''17.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''IBC''' | [[DZHB-TV|IBC 13]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 11:00 p.m. <br /> Weekends: 7:00 a.m. – 10:00 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (1 kW TPO/10 kW ERP) |- | '''17.02''' | '''Congress TV''' | [[Congress TV]] | rowspan="1" | 9:00 a.m. – 9:00 p.m. |- | rowspan="3" | [[DZBS-TV|DZBS-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''19''' | rowspan="3" | '''503.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''19.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN''' | [[DZBS-TV|RPN Baguio]] | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | (Test broadcast 5 kW TPO/30 kW ERP) |- | '''19.02''' | rowspan="1" | [[Radio Philippines Network]], [[Nine Media Corporation]] and [[Cignal TV]] | '''RPTV''' | [[RPTV (TV channel)|RPTV]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m – midnight |- | '''19.06''' | rowspan="1" | [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN 1seg''' | RPN Baguio Relay | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8" | [[DWHB-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''26''' | rowspan="8" | '''545.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) |'''26.01''' | rowspan="8" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | rowspan="2"|[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 4 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" | Fully migrated from analog to digital <br> Commercial broadcast (5 kW TPO/25kW ERP) |- | '''26.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | 6 a.m. - midnight |- | '''26.03''' | '''Knowledge Channel''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3"| [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 6 a.m. to 11 p.m. |- | '''26.04''' | '''BEAM CINEMA''' | [[Beam Cinema (Philippine TV network)|Beam Cinema]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''26.05''' | '''Bilyonaryo News Channel''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="3" | Daily: 5 a.m. - midnight |- | '''26.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''26.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''26.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="1" | DWAY-DTV | rowspan="1" |'''30''' | rowspan="1" | '''569.143&nbsp;kW''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''ALL TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (10 kW TPO and 60 kW ERP) |- | rowspan="3" | DWOZ-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''32''' | rowspan="3" | '''581.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''32.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:15 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (10 kW TPO/30 kW ERP) |- | '''32.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. – 9 p.m. |- | '''32.31''' | '''A2Z OneSeg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:15 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DZEA-TV|DZEA-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''38''' | rowspan="7" | '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''10.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DZEA-TV|GMA Dagupan/Baguio]] | rowspan="6" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (15 kW TPO/90 kW ERP) |- | '''10.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''10.11''' | rowspan="1" {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Black Screen}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''10.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[DZEA-TV|GMA Dagupan/Baguio Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[D-8-XM-TV|D-8-XM-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''42''' | rowspan="5" | '''641.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) |'''4.01''' | rowspan="5" |[[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV Cordillera''' | [[D-8-XM-TV|PTV Cordillera]] | rowspan="1" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''4.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''4.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 5 a.m. – 8 p.m. |- | '''4.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV Program)|PTV Sports]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- | '''4.05''' | '''PTV 1seg''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="4" | [[DWFB-DTV]] | rowspan="4" |'''44''' | rowspan="4" |'''653.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Luzon) | '''44.01''' | rowspan="3" |[[Global Satellite Technology Services]] | '''GNN North Luzon''' | [[GNN North Luzon]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] (sometimes [[720p]] [[HDTV]]) | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="4" | Fully migrated from analog to digital / Test Broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''44.02''' | '''RNG TV''' | Highland TV / RNG Luzon |- | '''44.03''' | '''Golf TV''' | [[Golden Nation Network|Golf Channel]] |- | '''44.04''' | rowspan="1"|[[Global Satellite Technology Services]] and [[Gateway UHF Television Broadcasting]] | '''Hope Channel Philippines''' | [[Hope Channel Philippines]] |- | rowspan="3" | DWDM-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''46''' | rowspan="3" | '''665.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Luzon) | '''25.02''' | rowspan="3" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25''' | [[Net 25]] | rowspan="2" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''25.03''' | '''INC TV''' | [[INC TV]] |- | '''25.35''' | '''EAGLE FM''' | [[DWDM-FM|Eagle FM]] | {{n/a|ISDB-T RADIO}} |- | rowspan="5" | [[DZET-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''51''' | rowspan="5" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DZET-TV|TV5 Baguio Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00 a.m. - 1:45 a.m. (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Mountain Province=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DZVG-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''29''' | rowspan="7" | '''563.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cordillera and Cagayan Valley) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | GMA Mountain Province | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | rowspan="1" {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Black Screen}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''5.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | GMA Mountain Province Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Region I (Ilocos Region)=== ===Ilocos Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWTE-TV|DWTE-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Laoag and Ilocos Norte) |'''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday - Saturday 8:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) / Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | Monday to Sunday: 6 a.m. – midnight |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Ilocos Norte Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[D-5-AS-TV|D-5-AS-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''24''' | rowspan="7" | '''533.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Laoag and Ilocos Norte) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Ilocos Norte]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10&nbsp;kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | Test broadcast |- | '''5.21''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Ilocos Norte Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" |DWLJ-DTV | rowspan="5" |'''40''' | rowspan="5" |'''629.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Laoag and Ilocos Norte) | rowspan="5" | [[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''29.21''' | '''RJ DigiTV''' | RJ DigiTV Laoag | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Test broadcast 1 kW) |- | '''29.22''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | 24 Hours |- | '''29.23''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''29.24''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | RJ Rock TV | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''29.25''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="5"| D-11-ZV-DTV | rowspan="5"| '''42''' | rowspan="5"| '''641.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''4.01''' | rowspan="5"| [[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV Ilocos Norte''' | [[D-11-XM-TV|PTV Ilocos Norte]] | rowspan="1"| [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2"| Weekdays: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br> Weekends: 6 a.m. to 1 a.m. | rowspan="4"| Commercial broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''4.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''4.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 5 a.m. to 8 p.m. |- | '''4.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports Network]] | 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. |- | '''4.05''' | '''PTV 1SEG''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Ilocos Sur=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" |[[DWBC-TV|DWBC-DTV]] | rowspan="7" |'''15''' | rowspan="7" |'''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Vigan and Northern Luzon) |'''48.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DWBC-TV|GMA Ilocos Sur]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- |'''48.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''48.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''48.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' |[[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''48.05''' |'''I HEART MOVIES''' |[[I Heart Movies]] |- |'''48.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- |'''48.31''' |'''GMA 1SEG''' |[[DWBC-TV|GMA Ilocos Sur relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DWDI-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Vigan and Ilocos Sur) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Vigan]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Vigan Relay]] | 4:3 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DWTP-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''45''' | rowspan="5" | '''659.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Candon and Northern Luzon) | '''45.01''' | rowspan="5" | Tirad Pass Network | '''CTV''' | C.A.R LGU | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="5" | 5 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="5" | Test broadcast / Configuration testing (2.5 kW) |- | '''45.02''' | '''DZTP''' | [[DZTP]] | [[16:9]] [[720p]] [[HDTV]] |- | '''45.03''' | '''TPN''' | TPN | rowspan="3" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''45.04''' | '''ELYU TV''' | La Union LGU |- | '''45.05''' | '''CAB TV''' | CAB TV |- |} </div> ===Region II (Cagayan Valley)=== ===Batanes=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Cagayan=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel ![[Frequency]] ! width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DWZE-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tuguegarao and Cagayan) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tuguegarao]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tuguegarao Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DWRJ-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''29''' | rowspan="5" | '''563.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tuguegarao and Cagayan) | '''29.21''' | rowspan="5" | [[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''RJ DigiTV''' | RJ DigiTV Tuguegarao | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Test broadcast 1 kW) |- | '''29.22''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | 24 Hours |- | '''29.23''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''29.24''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | RJ Rock TV | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''29.25''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="7"| [[DWBB-TV|DWBB-DTV]] | rowspan="7"| '''33''' | rowspan="7"| '''587.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tuguegarao and Cagayan) | '''7.01''' | rowspan="7"| [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DWBB-TV|GMA Tuguegarao]] | rowspan="6"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''7.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1"| 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1"| Weekdays: 5 a.m. to midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2"| 6 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''7.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1"|Test broadcast |- | '''7.21''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | [[DWBB-TV|GMA Tuguegarao relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Isabela=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel ![[Frequency]] ! width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DWLE-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz ''' (Santiago, Isabela and Cagayan Valley) | '''7.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network]] | '''GMA''' | GMA Isabela | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''7.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" |Monday to Sunday: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. to midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. to midnight |- | '''7.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''7.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''7.31''' | '''GMA 1seg''' | GMA Isabela Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DWDH-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Santiago, Isabela and Cagayan Valley) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Isabela]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies'''''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Isabela Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Region III (Central Luzon)=== ===Pampanga=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="1" | DWAP-DTV | rowspan="1" |'''34''' | rowspan="1" |'''593.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Pampanga and Central Luzon) | '''34.01''' | rowspan="1" |[[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]] | '''ALL TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- | rowspan="1" | [[DWRW-TV|DWRW-DTV]] | rowspan="1" |'''36''' | rowspan="1" |'''605.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Pampanga and Central Luzon) |'''36.01''' | rowspan="1" |[[Central Luzon Television|RadioWorld Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''CLTV 36''' | [[Central Luzon Television]] | rowspan="1" |16:9 [[720p]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1"| Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. - 10:30 p.m. | rowspan="1" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (2.5 kW) |- | rowspan="4" | [[DWFU-DTV]] | rowspan="4" |'''44''' | rowspan="4" |'''653.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Pampanga) |'''44.01''' | rowspan="3" |Infomax Television and [[Global Satellite Technology Services]] | '''GNN''' | GNN Pampanga |[[DWFU-DTV]] | rowspan="4" |4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="4" | 5:00 a.m. to midnight | rowspan="4" | Fully migrated from analog to digital Test Broadcast/Configuration Testing (500 watts) |- |'''44.02''' | '''GNN Central Luzon''' |{{n/a|Black Screen}} |- |'''44.03''' |'''Golf TV''' | [[One Media Network|Golf Channel]] |- |'''44.04''' | rowspan="1" | [[Global Satellite Technology Services]] and [[Gateway UHF Broadcasting]] | '''Hope Channel Phils''' | [[Hope Channel Philippines]] |- |} </div> ===Tarlac=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DZJA-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tarlac City and Central Luzon) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tarlac Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="1" | DWAL-DTV | rowspan="1" | '''34''' | rowspan="1" | '''593.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tarlac City and Central Luzon) |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] | '''All TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV|All TV Tarlac Relay]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- |} </div> ===Zambales=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Olongapo City, Bataan and Zambales) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Olongapo]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Olongapo Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" |[[DWNS-TV|DWNS-DTV]] | rowspan="7" |'''38''' | rowspan="7" |'''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Olongapo City, Bataan and Zambales) |'''10.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DWNS-TV|GMA Olongapo]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- |'''10.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''10.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' |[[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''10.06''' |'''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- |'''10.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- |'''10.31''' |'''GMA 1Seg''' |GMA Olongapo Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Region IV-A (Calabarzon)=== ===Batangas=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" |[[D-12-ZB-TV|D-12-ZB-DTV]] | rowspan="7" |'''32''' | rowspan="7" |'''581.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Batangas and Calabarzon) |'''12.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[D-12-ZB-TV|GMA Batangas]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- |'''12.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' |[[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''12.06''' |'''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- |'''12.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- |'''12.31''' |'''GMA 1-Seg''' |[[D-12-ZB-TV|GMA Batangas Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8"| DWAG-DTV | rowspan="8"| '''36''' | rowspan="8"| '''605.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Batangas and CALABARZON) | '''36.01''' | rowspan="8"| Sphere Entertainment, Inc. and [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME ''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Sunday 4:00 a.m. – 10:30 p.m. | rowspan="8"| Fully migrated from Analog to Digital <br> (Commercial broadcast 5 kW TPO/25 kW ERP) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1"| 6 a.m. to midnight | rowspan="1"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.03''' | '''KNOWLEDGE CHANNEL''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="1"| 6 a.m. to 11 p.m. | rowspan="3"| [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.04''' | '''BEAM CINEMA''' | [[Beam Cinema (Philippine TV network)|Beam Cinema]] | rowspan="1"| 6 a.m. to midnight |- | '''31.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4"|5 a.m. to midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"|[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="1" | DWAV-DTV | rowspan="1" | '''46''' | rowspan="1" | '''665.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Batangas and Calabarzon) |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] | '''All TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. - midnight (the next day) | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast / Configuration Testing (10 kW TPO/30 kW ERP) |- | rowspan="5" | DWBD-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''51''' | rowspan="5" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Batangas and Calabarzon) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Batangas]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Batangas Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Quezon Province=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Lucena City and Quezon) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Lucena]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One PH]] | 6 a.m – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Lucena Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="3" | '''51''' | rowspan="3" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Lucena City and Quezon) | '''25.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25''' | [[Net 25]] | rowspan="2" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW)<br>Interference with DWBD-TV TV5 Batangas DTT on UHF 51. |- | '''25.02''' | '''INC TV''' | [[INC TV]] |- | '''25.03''' | '''Eagle FM''' | [[DWDM-FM|Eagle FM]] | {{n/a|ISDB-T RADIO}} |- |} </div> ===Rizal=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Region IV-B (Mimaropa)=== ===Occidental Mindoro=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | D-13-ZR-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Occidental Mindoro) | '''13.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)| GMA Network]] | '''GMA''' | GMA Occidental Mindoro | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br/> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''13.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''13.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''13.11''' | {{n/a|'''UNNAMED'''}} | {{n/a|Black screen}} | {{TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''13.31''' | '''GMA 1seg''' | GMA Occidental Mindoro Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (San Jose, and Occidental Mindoro) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 San Jose Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Palawan=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DYPU-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Puerto Princesa and Palawan) | '''12.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network]] | '''GMA''' | GMA Palawan | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: <br> 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''12.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''12.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''12.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''12.31''' | '''GMA 1seg''' | GMA Palawan Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DWDD-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Puerto Princesa and Palawan) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Nation Broadcasting Corporation]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Puerto Princesa]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Puerto Princesa Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:30 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="1" | DWDW-DTV | rowspan="1" |'''38''' | rowspan="1" | '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Puerto Princesa and Palawan) | '''38.01''' | rowspan="1" |[[Bandera News Philippines]] (Fairwaves Broadcasting Network) | '''Bandera News TV''' | [[Bandera News Philippines|Bandera News TV]] | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1"| Daily 4:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (500 watts) |- |} </div> ===Romblon=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |- | rowspan="4" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="4" | '''18''' | rowspan="4" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tablas, Romblon) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and [[Cignal TV]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Romblon]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="3" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' |[[Cignal TV]] and [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPTV''' | RPTV | 6 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | rowspan="2" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and [[Cignal TV]] | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday - Saturday 8:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) / Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Romblon Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday, Tuesday, Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Wednesday, Thursday 5:00 a.m. - 12:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:30 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Region V (Bicol Region)=== ===Albay=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DWLB-TV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Legazpi City and Albay) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Legazpi]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Legazpi Relay]] | 4:3 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DZPN-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''39''' | rowspan="5" | '''623.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Legazpi City and Albay) | '''4.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV Legazpi''' | [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) – Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''4.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''4.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas]] | 5 a.m. – 8 p.m. |- | '''4.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- | '''4.05''' | '''PTV 1SEG''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | [[4:3]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) / Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DWLA-TV|DWLA-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''41''' | rowspan="7" | '''635.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Legazpi City and Albay) |'''12.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DWLA-TV|GMA Legazpi]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''12.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''12.12''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''12.35''' | '''GMA1SEG''' | [[DWLA-TV|GMA Legazpi Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Camarines Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Camarines Sur=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="8" | [[DWHC-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''32''' | rowspan="8" | '''571.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Naga and Camarines Sur) |'''32.01''' | rowspan="8" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] |[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 4 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="8" |Fully migrated from analog to digital <br> Commercial broadcast (5 kW TPO/25kW ERP) |- | '''32.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1"|[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 6 a.m. - midnight |- | '''32.03''' | '''Knowledge Channel''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3"|[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 6 a.m. – 11 p.m. |- | '''32.04''' | '''BEAM BOX OFFICE''' | [[Beam Cinema (Philippine TV network)|Beam Cinema]] | 6 a.m. to midnight |- | '''32.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | RESERVED | rowspan="3" |Daily: 5:30 a.m. - midnight |- | '''32.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"| 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''32.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''32.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | RESERVED | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DWAI-TV]] | rowspan="7" | '''38''' | rowspan="7" | '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Naga and Camarines Sur) |'''7.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DWAI-TV|GMA Naga]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''7.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''7.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''7.35''' | '''GMA1SEG''' | [[DWAI-TV|GMA Naga Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWMA-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''46''' | rowspan="5" | '''665.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Naga) | '''8.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV HD1''' | rowspan="1"| [[DWMA-TV|PTV Bicol]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''8.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''8.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas TV]] | 5 a.m. – 8 p.m. |- | '''8.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- | '''8.05''' | '''PTV 1seg''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) <br/> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="3" | '''47''' | rowspan="3" | '''671.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Naga) | '''25.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25''' | [[Net 25]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''25.02''' | '''INCTV''' | [[INCTV]] | 16:9 [[720p]] [[HDTV]] |- | '''25.03''' | '''EAGLE FM''' | [[DWDM-FM|Eagle FM]] | {{n/a|ISDB-T RADIO}} |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWFA-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''48''' | rowspan="5" | '''677.143&nbsp;MHz''' <br/>(Metro Naga) |'''48.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Global Satellite Technology Services]] | '''GNN''' | rowspan="1" | [[Golden Nation Network]] Local Programs | rowspan="5" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''48.02''' | '''DepEd TV - Telearalan''' | rowspan="1" | [[DepEd TV]] Local Programs |- | '''48.03''' | '''LGU Naga''' | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Black Screen}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Configuration Testing}} |- | '''48.04''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 hours | Test Broadcast |- | '''48.05''' | '''Reserved Channel GNN Naga TV48''' | rowspan="1" | [[Golden Nation Network]] | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Black Screen}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Configuration Testing}} |- | rowspan="6" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="6" | '''50''' | rowspan="6" | '''689.143&nbsp;MHz''' ([[Nabua, Camarines Sur]]) |'''19.01''' | rowspan="6" | [[ Polytechnic State University of Bicol|PSUB]] and [[Philippine Collective Media Corporation|PCMC]] | '''PSUBTv''' | PSUB TV | rowspan="6" |[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="6" |9 a.m. - 8 p.m. | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''19.02''' | '''PSUB COHS''' | The TLC Channel |- | '''19.03''' | '''PSUB COBM''' | College of Business Management |- | '''19.04''' | '''PSUB COEAS''' | BigCAS Channel | rowspan="3" {{n/a|Configuration Testing}} |- | '''19.05''' | '''PSUB Graduate School''' | The Grad-Ed Channel |- | '''19.06''' | '''PSUB COE''' | College of Engineering |- | rowspan="5" | DWNA-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''51''' | rowspan="5" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Naga and Camarines Sur) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Nation Broadcasting Corporation]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Naga]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Naga Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Catanduanes=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Virac, Catanduanes) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Virac]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Virac Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="1" | DWAU-DTV | rowspan="1" | '''28''' | rowspan="1" | '''557.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Virac and Catanduanes) | '''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advance Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under local [[marketing agreement| blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]] | '''ALLTV HD''' | [[ALLTV]] | [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | Monday to Sunday 7:00 a.m. – midnight | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- | rowspan="7"| [[D-13-ZC-TV|D-13-ZC-DTV]] | rowspan="7"| '''38''' | rowspan="7"| '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Virac and Catanduanes) | '''13.01''' | rowspan="7"| [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[D-13-ZC-TV|GMA Catanduanes]] | rowspan="6" |[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''13.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" |Monday to Sunday: 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. to midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''13.11'' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1"| Test broadcast |- | '''13.21''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | [[D-13-ZC-TV|GMA Catanduanes relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Masbate=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="4" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="4" | '''18''' | rowspan="4" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Masbate and Bicol Region) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Masbate]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="3" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' |[[Cignal TV]] and [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPTV''' | RPTV | 6 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | rowspan="2" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday - Saturday 8:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) / Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Masbate Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday, Tuesday, Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. / Wednesday, Thursday 5:00 a.m. - 12:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:30 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Sorsogon=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DWSS-TV | rowspan="5" | '''51''' | rowspan="5" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Sorsogon and Bicol Region) |- | '''5.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Sorsogon]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="3" | Fully Mirgrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' |[[Cignal TV]] and [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPTV''' | RPTV | 6 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | rowspan="2" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday - Saturday 8:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) / Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Sorsogon Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday, Tuesday, Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. / Wednesday, Thursday 5:00 a.m. - 12:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:30 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ==Visayas== ===Region VI (Western Visayas)=== ===Aklan=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel ![[Frequency]] ! width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DYCJ-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Kalibo, Aklan and Western Visayas) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="4" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Kalibo]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4"| Test broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | Monday to Sunday: 6 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Kalibo Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Capiz=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | [[DYAM-TV|DYAM-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Roxas, Capiz and Western Visayas) | '''7.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DYAM-TV|GMA Roxas]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10&nbsp;kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | Test broadcast |- | '''5.21''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[DYAM-TV|GMA Roxas Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DYMD-TV|DYMD-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Roxas, Capiz) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Roxas]] | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (5&nbsp;kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Roxas Relay]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Iloilo=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Provisional Authority}} | rowspan="1" |'''16''' | rowspan="1" |'''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''16.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''ALL TV HD''' | rowspan="1" |[[All TV]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" |Monday to Sunday: 8:00 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="1" |Test broadcast (10 kW) |- | rowspan="2" | [[DYJB-TV]] | rowspan="2" | '''17''' | rowspan="2" | '''491.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''12.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''IBC''' | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC 13]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[HDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 11 p.m. <br /> Weekends: 7 a.m. - 10 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (3 kW) |- | '''12.02''' |'''Congress TV''' |[[Congress TV]] |9 a.m. – 9 p.m. |- | rowspan="5" | [[DYMB-TV|DYMB-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[DYMB-TV|TV5 Iloilo]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00 a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.31''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DYMB-TV|TV5 Iloilo Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | DYZA-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''20''' | rowspan="3" | '''509.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''20.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] by [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Iloilo]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (5.5 kW) |- | '''20.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. - 9 p.m. |- | '''20.22''' | '''A2Z 1Seg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Iloilo Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DYDY-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''23''' | rowspan="5" | '''527.143&nbsp;MHz''' <br/>(Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) |'''4.01''' | rowspan="5" |[[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV Iloilo''' | [[DYDY-TV|PTV Iloilo]] | rowspan="1" |16:9 [[1080i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="2" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- |'''4.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3"|[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- |'''4.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 5 a.m. – 8 p.m. |- | '''4.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- | '''4.05''' | '''PTV 1seg''' |[[People's Television Network|PTV]] |4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8" | [[DYRM-TV|DYRM-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''26''' | rowspan="8" | '''545.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''26.01''' | rowspan="8"| [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | rowspan="1" | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | rowspan="2" |[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 4 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="7" | Fully migrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''26.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast Sports]] | 6 a.m – midnight (the next day) |- | '''26.03''' | '''Knowledge Channel''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3"|[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. - 11 p.m. |- | '''26.04''' | '''BEAM CINEMA''' | [[Beam Cinema (Philippine TV network)|Beam Cinema]] | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''26.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="3"| 5 a.m. - midnight |- | '''26.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''26.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''26.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DYXX-TV]] | rowspan="7" | '''29''' | rowspan="7" | '''563.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''6.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DYXX-TV|GMA Iloilo]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''6.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''6.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''6.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''6.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''6.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''6.31''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | [[DYXX-TV|GMA Iloilo Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="2" | DYOK-TV | rowspan="2" | '''43''' | rowspan="2" | '''647.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo) | '''0.21''' | rowspan="2" | [[Manila Broadcasting Company]] | '''DZRH NEWS TV''' | rowspan="2" | [[DZRH News Television]] | 16:9 [[480p]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 24 Hours | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''0.31''' | '''DZRH NEWS TV 1seg''' | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Negros Occidental=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DYGM-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Murcia Negros Occidental and Western Visayas) | '''13.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Murcia]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''13.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''13.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''13.31''' | '''GMA1SEG''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Murcia Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="1" |[[Advance Media Broadcasting System|DYAG-DTV]] | rowspan="1" | '''16''' | rowspan="1" | '''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Bacolod and Negros Occidental) |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''All TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV|All TV Bacolod]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday - 7 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast / Configuration Testing (10kW) |- | rowspan="5" |[[DYTE-TV|DYTE-DTV]] | rowspan="5" |'''18''' | rowspan="5" |'''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Bacolod and Negros Occidental) |'''5.01''' | rowspan="4" |[[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' |[[DYTE-TV|TV5 Bacolod]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- |'''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- |'''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday - Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.05''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DYTE-TV|TV5 Bacolod Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DYKB-TV|DYKB-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''19''' | rowspan="3" | '''503.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Bacolod and Negros Occidental) | '''19.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN''' | [[DYKB-TV|RPN Bacolod]] | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (5 kW TPO/10 kW) |- | '''19.02''' | rowspan="1" |[[Radio Philippines Network]], [[Nine Media Corporation]] and [[Cignal TV]] | '''RPTV''' | [[RPTV (TV channel)|RPTV]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''19.06''' | rowspan="1" |[[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN 1seg''' | RPN Bacolod relay | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | DYEC-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''22''' | rowspan="3" | '''521.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Bacolod and Negros Occidental) | '''22.01''' | rowspan="3" |[[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Bacolod]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m – 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5 a.m. – 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sunday: 5 a.m. – 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (5.5 kW) |- | '''22.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. – 9 p.m. |- | '''22.22''' | '''A2Z 1seg''' | [[A2Z TV (channel)|A2Z Bacolod relay]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. – 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6 a.m. – 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sunday: 6 a.m. – 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="2" | DYEZ-TV | rowspan="2" | '''39''' | rowspan="2" | '''623.143&nbsp;MHz'''<br/>(Metro Bacolod) | '''39.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Manila Broadcasting Company]] | '''DZRH TV''' | rowspan="2" | [[DZRH News Television]] | 16:9 [[480p]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 24 Hours | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''39.31''' | '''DZRH TV 1seg''' | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DWGM-TV]] | rowspan="7" | '''44''' | rowspan="7" | '''653.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Bacolod and Negros Occidental) | '''13.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Bacolod]] | rowspan="6" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- |'''13.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" |5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''13.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''13.31''' | '''GMA1SEG''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Bacolod Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Region VII (Central Visayas)=== ===Bohol=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Cebu=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="1" | [[Advance Media Broadcasting System|DYAE-DTV]] | rowspan="1" | '''16''' | rowspan="1" | '''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operating under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''All TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV|ALL TV Cebu]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast / Configuration Testing (10 kW TPO/30 kW ERP) |- | rowspan="2" | DYTV-TV | rowspan="2" | '''17''' | rowspan="2" | '''491.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) | '''13.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''IBC''' | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC 13]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[HDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 11 p.m. <br /> Weekends: 7 a.m. - 10 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (3 kW) |- |'''13.02''' |'''Congress TV''' |[[Congress TV]] |9 a.m. – 9 p.m. |- | rowspan="5" | [[DYET-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) |'''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[DYET-TV|TV5 Cebu]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | |- |'''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- |'''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday – Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DYET-TV|TV5 Cebu Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | DYNZ-DTV | rowspan="3" |'''20''' | rowspan="3" |'''509.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) | '''20.01''' | rowspan="3" |[[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Cebu]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (5.5 kW) |- | '''20.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. - 9 p.m. |- | '''20.22''' | '''A2Z 1Seg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Cebu Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="4" |DYGA-DTV | rowspan="4" |'''25''' | rowspan="4" |'''539.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) | '''25.01''' | rowspan="4" |[[Gateway UHF Television Broadcasting]] and [[Global Satellite Technology Services]] | '''Hope Cebu''' | rowspan="4" | [[Hope Channel Philippines]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480p]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="4" | 6 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="4" | Fully migrated from analog to digital / Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''25.02''' | '''Hope Philippines''' |- | '''25.03''' | '''Hope International''' |- | '''25.04''' | ''' AWR ''' |- | rowspan="7" |[[DYSS-TV]] | rowspan="7" |'''26''' | rowspan="7" |'''545.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) |'''7.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DYSS-TV|GMA Cebu]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- |'''7.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" |5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight |- |'''7.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' |[[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- |'''7.06''' |'''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- |'''7.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- |'''7.31''' |'''GMA 1SEG''' |[[DYSS-TV|GMA Cebu Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8" | [[DYCT-TV]] | rowspan="8" | '''31''' | rowspan="8" | '''575.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) | '''31.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | rowspan="2" |[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 4 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="7" |Fully migrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.03''' | '''KNOWLEDGE CHANNEL''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3" |[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – 11 p.m. |- | '''31.04''' | '''BEAM CINEMA''' | [[Beam Cinema (Philippine TV network)|Beam Cinema]] | rowspan="1"| 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4"| 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="2" | DYWF-DTV | rowspan="2" | '''36''' | rowspan="2" | '''605.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu) | '''36.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Brigada Mass Media Corporation]] | '''BRIGADA TV-HD''' | Brigada TV Cebu | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 4 a.m. – 12:30 a.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (500 watts) |- | '''36.02''' | '''BRIGADA TV-SD''' | [[DYAC-FM|90.7 Brigada News FM Cebu]] | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DYPT-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''42''' | rowspan="5" | '''641.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu) | '''04.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV HD1''' |[[DYPT-TV|PTV Cebu]] | rowspan="1" | [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- |'''04.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3"| 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''04.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 5 a.m. – 8 p.m. |- | '''04.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- | '''04.05''' | '''PTV 1seg''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="2" | [[DYBU-DTV]] | rowspan="2" | '''43''' | rowspan="2" | '''647.143&nbsp;MHz'''<br/>(Metro Cebu) | '''43.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Manila Broadcasting Company]] | '''DZRH TV''' | rowspan="2" | [[DZRH News Television]] | 16:9 [[480p]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 24 hours | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''43.31''' | '''DZRH TV 1seg''' | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DYFX-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''49''' | rowspan="3" | '''683.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu) | '''25.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25''' | [[Net 25]] | rowspan="2" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Still under test broadcast) (1 kW) |- | '''25.02''' | '''INC TV''' | [[INC TV]] |- | '''25.03''' | '''Eagle FM''' | [[DWDM-FM|Eagle FM]] | {{n/a|ISDB-T RADIO}} |} </div> ===Negros Oriental=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Dumaguete and Negros Oriental) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="4" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Dumaguete]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (5&nbsp;kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Dumaguete Relay]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[D-5-YB-TV|D-5-YB-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''22''' | rowspan="7" | '''521.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Dumaguete and Negros Oriental) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network]] | '''GMA''' | GMA Dumaguete | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''5.31''' | '''GMA1SEG''' | GMA Dumaguete relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Region VIII (Eastern Visayas)=== ===Eastern Samar=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Leyte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''21''' | rowspan="5" | '''515.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tacloban City and Eastern Visayas) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]] and Mediascape, Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tacloban]] | rowspan="4" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday – Friday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:00 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tacloban relay]] | [[4:3]] [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. – 1:00 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (, the next day) |- | rowspan="7" | DYCL-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''34''' | rowspan="7" | '''593.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tacloban City and Eastern Visayas) | '''10.01''' | rowspan="6" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Tacloban City]] | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="7" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''10.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''10.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''10.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Tacloban City Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: <br /> 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DYPR-TV (Tacloban)|DYPR-TV]] | rowspan="3" | '''50''' | rowspan="3" | '''689.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tacloban City) | '''27.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[Philippine Collective Media Corporation]] | '''PRTV TACLOBAN''' | [[DYPR-TV (Tacloban)|PRTV TACLOBAN]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday - Sunday: 6 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast/Configuration testing (2 kW) |- | '''27.02''' | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tacloban]] | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday, Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday: 5:00 a.m. - 12:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday: 6:30&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) / Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''27.03''' | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Tacloban]] ([[ZOE TV]]) | 16:9 [[720p]] [[HDTV]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. - 12:15 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 6 a.m. - 11:45 p.m. <br /> Sundays: 6 a.m. - 11:30 p.m. |- |} </div> ===Western Samar=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ==Mindanao== ===Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula)=== ===Zamboanga del Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | [[D-4-XT-TV|D-4-XT-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''46''' | rowspan="7" | '''665.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Dipolog and Zamboanga del Norte) | '''4.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network]] | '''GMA''' | [[D-4-XT-TV|GMA Dipolog]] | rowspan="6" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''4.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m – midnight (the next day) |- | '''4.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''4.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''4.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''4.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNAMMED)'''}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | Test broadcast |- | '''4.31''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | [[D-4-XT-TV|GMA Dipolog relay]] | [[4:3]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | 1seg |- |} </div> ===Zamboanga del Sur=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Zamboanga Sibugay=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Zamboanga City=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel ![[Frequency]] ! width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DXMZ-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Peninsula) |'''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Zamboanga]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- |'''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- |'''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Zamboanga Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:30 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8" | [[DXBE-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''31''' | rowspan="8" | '''575.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Peninsula) | '''31.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | rowspan="1" | [[Prime TV (TV channel)|PRTV Prime]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" | Fully migrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[TAP Sports#Blast Sports|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. to midnight |- | '''31.03''' | '''KNOWLEDGE CHANNEL''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. to 11 p.m. |- | '''31.04''' | '''BLAST MOVIES''' | [[Movie Central (Philippine TV channel)|Blast Movies]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="2" | [[DXAX-TV|DXAX-DTV]] | rowspan="2" | '''40''' | rowspan="2" | '''629.143&nbsp;MHz'''<br/>(Zamboanga City) | '''0.01''' | rowspan="2" | Westwind Broadcasting Corporation & [[eMedia Productions|eMedia Production Network]] | '''eMedia Digital TV''' | [[EMedia Productions|eMedia]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 4:45&nbsp;a.m. – 9:30&nbsp;p.m. | Fully migrated from analog to digital (1 kW) |- | '''0.02''' | '''ALLTV''' | [[All TV|ALL TV Zamboanga]] | Manila feed | Manila feed |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXLA-TV|DXLA-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''41''' | rowspan="7" | '''635.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Peninsula) |'''9.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DXLA-TV|GMA Zamboanga]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- |'''9.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" |5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''9.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''9.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''9.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- |'''9.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | Test broadcast |- | '''9.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | GMA Zamboanga Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DXZJ-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''45''' | rowspan="5" | '''659.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Peninsula) | '''29.21''' | rowspan="5" | [[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''RJ DigiTV''' | RJ DigiTV Zamboanga | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Test broadcast 1 kW) |- | '''29.22''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | 24 Hours |- | '''29.23''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] | 5 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''29.24''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | RJ Rock TV | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''29.25''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="6" | [[DXGB-TV|DXGB-DTV]] | rowspan="6" | '''51''' | rowspan="6" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Peninsula) | '''51.01''' | rowspan="6" | [[Golden Broadcast Professionals|Golden Broadcasting Professionals Inc.]] | '''GBPI HD''' | [[Golden Broadcast Professionals|Golden Broadcasting Professionals Inc.]]/[[DXGB-TV]] | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[720p]] [[SDTV]] | 5:00&nbsp;a.m. – 11:30&nbsp;p.m. | rowspan="1" | Test Broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''51.02''' | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5]] | rowspan="4" | Manila feed | rowspan="4" | Test Broadcast (Mirror feed from DTT-18) |- | '''51.03''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] |- | '''51.04''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] |- | '''51.05''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] |- | '''51.31''' | '''GBPI TV11one seg ''' |[[Golden Broadcast Professionals|Golden Broadcasting Professionals Inc.]]/[[DXGB-TV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | 5:00&nbsp;a.m. – 11:30&nbsp;p.m. | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Region X (Northern Mindanao)=== ===Bukidnon=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DXWK-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''44''' | rowspan="7" | '''653.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Bukidnon and Northern Mindanao) | '''12.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[GMA Network|GMA Bukidnon]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''12.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''12.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''12.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Bukidnon Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Lanao del Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Iligan City and Lanao del Norte) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network, Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Iligan]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:00 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5:00 a.m. – 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6:00 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.31''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Iligan Relay]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXRV-TV|DXRV-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''33''' | rowspan="7" | '''587.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Iligan City and Lanao del Norte) | '''11.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Iligan]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''11.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''11.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br> Weekends 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''11.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''11.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''11.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''11.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Iligan Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Misamis Occidental=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXGM-TV|DXGM-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Ozamiz and Misamis Occidental) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DXGM-TV|GMA Ozamiz]] | rowspan="6" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | Test broadcast |- | '''5.31''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | [[DXGM-TV|GMA Ozamiz relay]] | [[4:3]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Misamis Oriental=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel ![[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="1" | DXAL-DTV | rowspan="1" | '''16''' | rowspan="1" | '''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''All TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV|All TV Cagayan de Oro]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast / Configuration Testing (10kW) |- | rowspan="5" | [[DXTE-TV|DXTE-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) |'''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[DXTE-TV|TV5 Cagayan de Oro]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DXTE-TV|TV5 Cagayan de Oro Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DXEV-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''20''' | rowspan="3" | '''509.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan De Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) | '''20.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Cagayan De Oro]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (5.5 kW) |- | '''20.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. - 9 p.m. |- | '''20.22''' | '''A2Z 1Seg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Cagayan De Oro Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 6 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DXRJ-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''31''' | rowspan="5" | '''575.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) | '''29.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''RJTV''' | [[DXRJ-DTV|RJTV]] | rowspan="5" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. to 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from Analog to Digital (Test broadcast 5 kW) |- | '''29.02''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | rowspan="2" | 5 a.m. to midnight |- | '''29.03''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] |- | '''29.04''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | [[DZRJ-FM#Rock MNL|Rock MNL]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. to 2 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''29.05''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="8" | [[DXVM-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''33''' | rowspan="8" | '''587.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) | '''31.01''' | rowspan="8" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | rowspan="1" | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 4 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[TAP Sports#Blast Sports|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.03''' | '''KNOWLEDGE CHANNEL''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – 11 p.m. |- | '''31.04''' | '''BLAST MOVIES''' | [[Movie Central (Philippine TV channel)|Blast Movies]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''31.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXJC-TV|DXJC-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''47''' | rowspan="7" | '''671.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) |'''12.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[GMA Network|GMA Cagayan de Oro]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''12.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''12.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | Test broadcast |- | '''12.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Cagayan de Oro Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | DXJG-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''51''' | rowspan="3" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro and Misamis Oriental) | '''51.01''' | rowspan="3" | Westwind Broadcasting Corporation | '''JAO DIGITAL TV''' | Jao TV | rowspan="3" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="3" | Monday - Sunday 6 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast/Configuration Testing (Poor signal transmission) |- | '''51.02''' | '''NOA TV''' | Acosta Reality Channel |- | '''51.03''' | '''DTV3 CH51''' | Videoke Test Feed |- |} </div> ===Region XI (Davao Region)=== ===Davao Region=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="1" | DXAK-DTV | rowspan="1" | '''16''' | rowspan="1" | '''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[Local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''ALLTV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[ALLTV]] | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[HDTV]] | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. to midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (10 kW) |- | rowspan="2" | [[DXTV-TV]] | rowspan="2" | '''17''' | rowspan="2" | '''491.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''17.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''IBC 13''' | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC 13]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[HDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 11 p.m. <br /> Weekends: 7 a.m. - 10 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (3 kW) |- |'''17.02''' |'''Congress TV''' |[[Congress TV]] |9 a.m. – 9 p.m. |- | rowspan="5" |[[DXET-TV|DXET-DTV]] | rowspan="5" |'''18''' | rowspan="5" |'''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" |[[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' |[[DXET-TV|TV5 Davao]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''OnePH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DXET-TV|TV5 Davao Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | DXEX-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''20''' | rowspan="3" | '''509.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''20.01''' | rowspan="3" |[[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Davao]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 p.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (5.5 kW) |- | rowspan="1" |'''20.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. - 9 p.m. |- | rowspan="1" |'''20.22''' | '''A2Z 1Seg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Davao Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 6 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 6 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="5"| [[DXRS-TV|DXRJ-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''28''' | rowspan="5" | '''557.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''29.21''' | rowspan="5" | [[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''RJ DigiTV''' | [[DXRS-TV|RJ DigiTV Davao]] | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Test broadcast; 1 kW) |- | '''29.22''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | 24 Hours |- | '''29.23''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] | 5 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''29.24''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | RJ Rock TV | 5 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''29.25''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="8"| [[DXKC-DTV]] | rowspan="8"| '''31''' | rowspan="8" |'''575.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''31.01''' | rowspan="8" |[[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | rowspan="1" | [[PRTV (Philippine TV channel)|PRTV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 4 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" |Fully migrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[TAP Sports#Blast Sports|Blast Sports]] | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.03''' | '''Knowledge Channel''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="2"|[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. - 11 p.m. |- | '''31.04''' | '''BLAST MOVIES''' | [[Movie Central (Philippine TV channel)|Blast Movies]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''31.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | TV Shop Philippines | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="7" |[[DXMJ-TV|DXMJ-DTV]] | rowspan="7" |'''37''' | rowspan="7" |'''611.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DXMJ-TV|GMA Davao]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (15 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''5.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' |[[DXMJ-TV|GMA Davao Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | DXSQ-DTV | '''38''' | '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Digos City) | '''38.01''' | [[Sagay Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''Kakampi TV''' | Kakampi TV | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 24 hours | Test broadcast (500 watts Low power signal) |- | rowspan="5" |[[DXNP-TV|DXNP-DTV]] | rowspan="5" |'''45''' | rowspan="5" |'''659.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao) | '''11.01''' | rowspan="5" |[[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV SD1''' |[[DXNP-TV|PTV Davao]] | rowspan="1" |[[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''11.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- |'''11.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 5 a.m. to 8 p.m. |- |'''11.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports Network]] | 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. |- |'''11.05''' | '''PTV 1seg''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | [[4:3]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DXED-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''49''' | rowspan="3" | '''683.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao) | '''25.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25''' | [[Net 25]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''25.02''' | '''INCTV''' | [[INCTV]] | 16:9 [[720p]] [[HDTV]] |- | '''25.03''' | '''EAGLE FM''' | [[DWDM-FM|Eagle FM]] | {{n/a|ISDB-T RADIO}} |- |} </div> ===Region XII (Soccsksargen)=== ===Cotabato=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===South Cotabato=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" |[[DXER-TV|DXER-DTV]] | rowspan="5" |'''18''' | rowspan="5" |'''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (General Santos City and Soccsksargen) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" |[[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' |[[DXTE-TV|TV5 General Santos]] | rowspan="4" |16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" |Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4"|Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DXER-TV|TV5 General Santos Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXBG-TV|DXBG-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''34''' | rowspan="7" | '''593.143&nbsp;MHz''' (General Santos City and Soccsksargen) | '''8.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DXBG-TV|GMA General Santos]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''8.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''8.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''8.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''8.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''8.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''8.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[DXBG-TV|GMA General Santos Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="2" |[[DXBC-TV|DXYM-DTV]] | rowspan="2" |'''37''' | rowspan="2" |'''611.143&nbsp;MHz''' (General Santos City) |'''37.01''' | rowspan="2" |[[Brigada Mass Media Corporation]] and [[Baycomms Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''Brigada News TV''' | rowspan="2" | Brigada TV | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 4:30 a.m. - midnight | Test broadcast (500 watts) |- | '''37.31''' | '''Brigada News TV 1seg''' | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8" | '''DXAH-DTV''' | rowspan="8" | '''51''' | rowspan="8" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (General Santos City and Soccsksargen) | '''51.01''' | rowspan="8" | Sphere Entertainment, Inc. and [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 4 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" | Fully migrated from Analog to Digital <br /> Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''51.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''51.03''' | '''KNOWLEDGE CHANNEL''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – 11 p.m. |- | '''51.04''' | '''BLAST MOVIES''' | [[Movie Central (Philippine TV channel)|Blast Movies]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''51.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''51.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''51.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''51.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- |} </div> ===Region XIII (Caraga Region)=== ===Agusan del Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXSB-TV|DXSB-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Butuan City and Caraga) |'''26.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Butuan]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''26.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''26.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''26.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' |[[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''26.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''26.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''26.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | GMA Butuan Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Butuan City and Caraga) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network, Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Butuan]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.31''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Butuan Relay]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | [[DXNS-TV|DXNS-DTV]] | '''27''' | '''551.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Butuan City and Caraga) | '''7.01''' | rowspan="1" | Northern Mindanao Broadcasting System | '''Bee TV''' | [[DXNS-TV|Bee TV]] | rowspan="1" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. – 11 p.m. (the next day) | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (500 watts) |- |} </div> ===Agusan del Sur=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Surigao del Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Surigao del Sur=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===BARMM (Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao)=== ===Maguindanao del Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DXMC-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''42''' | rowspan="7" | '''641.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cotabato City, Maguindanao del Norte and Maguindanao del Sur) | '''12.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Cotabato]] | rowspan="6" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''12.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''12.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | Test broadcast |- | '''12.31''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | GMA Cotabato relay | [[4:3]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Sulu=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Filipino television stations| ]] [[Category:Philippine television-related lists]] rxf7jl7lsrbq57gewef46qbf0q6i83v 10368636 10368635 2025-07-03T01:29:52Z 103.144.157.183 10368636 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|the list of television stations|List of television stations in the Philippines}} {{Use American English|date=August 2019}} [[File:Digital broadcast standards.svg|thumb|400x400px|Digital TV Standards around the world.]] This is the '''list of the stations on digital television in the Philippines'''.<ref>{{cite web |title=NTC List of DTTB Stations via FOI website |url=http://storage.googleapis.com/request-attachments/3qwepDblYFlFpRIAxnpr8DeBq7m2qrvCyUDjZHDqcWYLHU55YohnTf2QwdWk8xHnErMQ6iIXPAiLJZM2qJGi32oxvPDGCessrNvB/NTC%20FOI%20223511250758.pdf |website=foi.gov.ph |date=September 6, 2019}}</ref> The availability of channels to viewers depends on their location. The National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) has adopted the ISDB-Tb standard for Philippine television. {{Update section|date=April 2025}} ==Background== [[File:ISDB-T CH Seg Prog allocation.svg|thumb|ISDB-T Segments]] Updated as of {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dtvpilipinas.org/ |title=DTV Pilipinas official website |access-date=2020-11-19 |archive-date=2020-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716060054/https://www.dtvpilipinas.org/ |url-status=dead }} {{cite web |url=https://dtvpilipinas.blogspot.com |title=DTV Pilipinas official blogsite }}</ref> Most channels are still under test broadcast. All analog services are expected to be terminated by the end of 2025.<ref name=ntcph>{{cite news |title=Gov't wants analog TV switched off by 2023 |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/599484/money/companies/gov-t-wants-analog-tv-switched-off-by-2023 |work=GMA News Online |date=February 14, 2017 |author=Cabuenas, Jon Viktor D.}}</ref> <nowiki>*</nowiki>''Data collected from sources and some wiki pages.'' ''*Channels received may vary with location or with the strength of the signal of the broadcaster.'' ''*Most of the channels are in the phase of test broadcast, resulting to some places that cannot receive other stations due to dead spots and low transmitting power among stations.'' ''*Some Channels are encrypted and can only be accessed through select set-top box or mobile dongle manufacturers.'' {{clear}} ==Metro Manila== ===National Capital Region (NCR)=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWGT-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''14''' | rowspan="5" | '''473.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''4.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV HD''' | rowspan="2" | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 7 a.m. - 1 a.m. | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW TPO; 25 kW ERP) |- |'''4.02''' | '''PTV SD''' | rowspan="3" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- |'''4.03''' | '''PTV NEWS''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 6 a.m. - 8 p.m. |- | '''4.04''' | '''PTV SPORTS''' | [[PTV Sports (TV Program)|PTV Sports Network]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- |'''4.05''' | '''PTV 1SEG''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | [[16:9]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - midnight <br /> Weekends: 7 a.m. - midnight | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DZBB-TV]] | rowspan="7" | '''27''' | rowspan="7" | '''551.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''27.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: <br /> 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (15 kW TPO; 100 kW ERP) |- | '''27.02''' | '''NEWS TV''' | [[NEWS TV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''27.03''' | PINOY HITS | [[PINOY HITS]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. to midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | | | | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. to midnight |- | | | |- | | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | Test broadcast |- | | | | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: <br /> 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="1" | [[DZMV-TV]] | rowspan="1" | '''16''' | rowspan="1" | '''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''ALLTV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7:00 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (10 kW TPO/25 kW ERP) |- | rowspan="3"| [[DZTV-TV]] | rowspan="3"| '''17''' | rowspan="3"| '''491.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''13.01''' | rowspan="3"| [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''IBC HD''' | rowspan="1"| [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC 13]] | rowspan="3" [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1"| Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 11:00 p.m. <br /> Weekends: 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. | rowspan="3"| Test broadcast (3 kW TPO/ 8 kW ERP) |- | '''13.02''' | '''Congress TV''' | rowspan="1"| [[Congress TV]] | rowspan="1"| 9:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. |- | '''13.03''' | '''DWAN HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[DWAN-AM|DWAN 1206 TV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:00 a.m. – midnight |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWET-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DZKB-TV]] | rowspan="3" | '''19''' | rowspan="3" | '''503.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''19.01''' | rowspan="1" |[[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN''' | [[DZKB-TV|RPN]] | 16:9 [[480i]] [[High-definition|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (5 kW TPO 10 kW ERP) |- |'''19.02''' | rowspan="1" |[[Nine Media Corporation]], [[Radio Philippines Network]] and [[Cignal TV]] (Operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] from [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc]].) | '''RPTV HD''' | [[RPTV (TV channel)|RPTV]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. - midnight |- | '''19.06''' | rowspan="1" | [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN 1Seg''' | RPN | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DZOE-TV]] | rowspan="3" | '''20''' | rowspan="3" | '''509.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''20.21''' | rowspan="3" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. <br /> Sunday: 5 a.m. - 12:15 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW TPO; 30 kW ERP) |- | '''20.24''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. - 9 p.m. |- | '''20.31''' | '''A2Z OneSeg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. <br /> Sunday: 5 a.m. - 12:15 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="4" | [[DWCP-DTV]] | rowspan="4" | '''21''' | rowspan="4" | '''515.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''21.01''' | rowspan="4" |[[Southern Broadcasting Network]] and [[Solar Entertainment Corporation]] | '''SolarFlix''' | [[SolarFlix]] | rowspan="4" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="4" | 6 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="4" | Fully migrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (3 kW) |- | '''21.02''' | '''Solar Sports''' | [[Solar Sports]] |- | '''21.03''' | '''DepEd ALS''' | [[Solar Learning]]/[[DepEd TV|DepEd TV ALS]] |- | '''21.04''' | '''Shop TV''' | [[Shop TV]] |- | rowspan="2" | [[Aliw Broadcasting Corporation|DWIZ-DTV]] | rowspan="2" | '''23''' | rowspan="2" | '''527.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''23.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Aliw Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''ALIW 23 HD''' | rowspan="2" | [[Aliw Channel 23|ALIW 23]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 4 a.m. - 10 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast / Configuration Testing (5 kW) |- | '''23.02''' | '''ALIW 23 SD''' | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="2" | [[DZRH-TV]] | rowspan="2" | '''24''' | rowspan="2" | '''533.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''24.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Manila Broadcasting Company]] | '''DZRH TV''' | rowspan="2" | [[DZRH News Television]] | 16.9 [[720p]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 24 hours | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''24.31''' | '''DZRH TV 1seg''' | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DZEC-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''28''' | rowspan="5" | '''557.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''28.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25 HD''' | rowspan="2" | [[Net 25]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="5" | 24 hours | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''28.02''' | '''NET 25 SD''' | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''28.03''' | ''' INCTV HD''' | {{n/a|Grey screen}} | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] |- | '''28.04''' | '''INCTV SD''' | [[DZCE-TV|INC TV]] | rowspan="1" |16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''28.05''' | '''EBC RESERVED''' | [[Net 25]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] |- | rowspan="5" |[[DZRJ-DTV]] | rowspan="5" |'''29''' | rowspan="5" |'''563.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''29.21''' | rowspan="5" |[[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''RJ DigiTV''' | [[DZRJ-DTV | RJ DigiTV]] | rowspan="5" |16:9 [[480i]] [[Standard-definition television|SDTV]] | 5 a.m. - 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (still on test broadcast) (2.5 kW) (poor signal transmission) |- | '''29.22''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | 24 Hours |- | '''29.23''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] | 5 a.m. - midnight |- | '''29.24''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | RJ Rock TV | 5 a.m. - 2 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''29.25''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="8" | [[DWKC-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''31''' | rowspan="8" | '''575.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''31.01''' | rowspan="8" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRIME TV''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] |[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 4 a.m. - midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" |Fully migrated from analog to digital <br> Commercial broadcast (5 kW TPO/25kW ERP) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. to midnight |- | '''31.03''' | '''Knowledge Channel''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. - 11 p.m. |- | '''31.04''' | '''BLAST MOVIES''' | [[Movie Central (Philippine TV channel)|Blast Movies]] | 6 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''31.05''' | '''Bilyonaryo News Channel''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[Pilipinas HD]] / [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DZOZ-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''33''' | rowspan="3" | '''587.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''33.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] | '''Light TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | rowspan="2" |16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="3" | Monday - Saturday: 8 a.m. - 8 p.m. <br /> Sunday: 7 a.m. - 8 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Still under test broadcast) (5 kW TPO; 25 kW ERP) |- | '''33.02''' | '''Light TV SD1''' | rowspan="1" | Light TV Promotional channel |- | '''33.31''' | '''Light TV 1seg''' | rowspan="1" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWAO-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''38''' | rowspan="5" | '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''55.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Progressive Broadcasting Corporation]] and [[Information Broadcast Unlimited]] | '''UNTV''' | [[UNTV (Philippines)|UNTV]] | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="5" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW) (poor signal transmission) |- | '''55.02''' | '''STV''' | [[STV (Philippines)|STV]] / currently mirror feed from [[UNTV (Philippines)|UNTV]] | rowspan="2" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] |- | '''55.03''' | '''TRUTH CHANNEL''' | [[Truth Channel]] |- | '''55.04''' | '''UNTV Reserve''' | {{n/a|Blank feed}} | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | {{n/a|Black screen}} |- | '''55.31''' | '''UNTV 1SEG''' | [[UNTV (Philippines)|UNTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="2" |[[DWDE-TV]] | rowspan="2" |'''42''' | rowspan="2" |'''641.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''42.01''' | rowspan="2" |[[Brigada Mass Media Corporation]] | '''BRIGADA TV-HD''' | Brigada TV | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 4:00 a.m to 12:30 a.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''42.02''' | '''BRIGADA TV-SD''' | [[DWBM-FM|105.1 Brigada News FM Mega Manila]] | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="4" |[[DWVN-DTV]] | rowspan="4" |'''45''' | rowspan="4" |'''659.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''45.01''' | rowspan="4" |[[Gateway UHF Television Broadcasting]] and [[Global Satellite Technology Services]] | '''Hope Phil''' | rowspan="3" | [[Hope Channel Philippines]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="4" | 24 hours | rowspan="4" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Still under test broadcast) (3.5 kW) (poor signal transmission) |- | '''45.02''' | '''Hope Intl''' | rowspan="3"| 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''45.03''' | '''Hope Live''' |- | '''45.04''' | '''OMN SD''' | [[One Media Network]] |- | rowspan="3" |[[DZCE-TV]] | rowspan="3" |'''49''' | rowspan="3" |'''683.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''01.01''' | rowspan="3" |[[Christian Era Broadcasting Service International]] | '''INC TV HD''' | rowspan="3" | [[DZCE-TV|INC TV]] | rowspan="2" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 4 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (10kW) |- | '''01.02''' | '''INC TV HD1''' |- | '''01.03''' | '''INC TV SD''' | rowspan="1" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWNB-TV|DWNB-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''51''' | rowspan="5" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (Mirror feed from DTT-18) (5.5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ==Luzon== ===Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)=== ===Benguet=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="2" | [[DZHB-TV|DZHB-DTV]] | rowspan="2" | '''17''' | rowspan="2" | '''491.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''17.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''IBC''' | [[DZHB-TV|IBC 13]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 11:00 p.m. <br /> Weekends: 7:00 a.m. – 10:00 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (1 kW TPO/10 kW ERP) |- | '''17.02''' | '''Congress TV''' | [[Congress TV]] | rowspan="1" | 9:00 a.m. – 9:00 p.m. |- | rowspan="3" | [[DZBS-TV|DZBS-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''19''' | rowspan="3" | '''503.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''19.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN''' | [[DZBS-TV|RPN Baguio]] | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | (Test broadcast 5 kW TPO/30 kW ERP) |- | '''19.02''' | rowspan="1" | [[Radio Philippines Network]], [[Nine Media Corporation]] and [[Cignal TV]] | '''RPTV''' | [[RPTV (TV channel)|RPTV]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m – midnight |- | '''19.06''' | rowspan="1" | [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN 1seg''' | RPN Baguio Relay | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8" | [[DWHB-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''26''' | rowspan="8" | '''545.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) |'''26.01''' | rowspan="8" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | rowspan="2"|[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 4 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" | Fully migrated from analog to digital <br> Commercial broadcast (5 kW TPO/25kW ERP) |- | '''26.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | 6 a.m. - midnight |- | '''26.03''' | '''Knowledge Channel''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3"| [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 6 a.m. to 11 p.m. |- | '''26.04''' | '''BEAM CINEMA''' | [[Beam Cinema (Philippine TV network)|Beam Cinema]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''26.05''' | '''Bilyonaryo News Channel''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="3" | Daily: 5 a.m. - midnight |- | '''26.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''26.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''26.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="1" | DWAY-DTV | rowspan="1" |'''30''' | rowspan="1" | '''569.143&nbsp;kW''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''ALL TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (10 kW TPO and 60 kW ERP) |- | rowspan="3" | DWOZ-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''32''' | rowspan="3" | '''581.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''32.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:15 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (10 kW TPO/30 kW ERP) |- | '''32.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. – 9 p.m. |- | '''32.31''' | '''A2Z OneSeg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:15 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DZEA-TV|DZEA-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''38''' | rowspan="7" | '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''10.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DZEA-TV|GMA Dagupan/Baguio]] | rowspan="6" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (15 kW TPO/90 kW ERP) |- | '''10.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''10.11''' | rowspan="1" {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Black Screen}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''10.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[DZEA-TV|GMA Dagupan/Baguio Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[D-8-XM-TV|D-8-XM-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''42''' | rowspan="5" | '''641.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) |'''4.01''' | rowspan="5" |[[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV Cordillera''' | [[D-8-XM-TV|PTV Cordillera]] | rowspan="1" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''4.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''4.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 5 a.m. – 8 p.m. |- | '''4.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV Program)|PTV Sports]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- | '''4.05''' | '''PTV 1seg''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="4" | [[DWFB-DTV]] | rowspan="4" |'''44''' | rowspan="4" |'''653.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Luzon) | '''44.01''' | rowspan="3" |[[Global Satellite Technology Services]] | '''GNN North Luzon''' | [[GNN North Luzon]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] (sometimes [[720p]] [[HDTV]]) | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="4" | Fully migrated from analog to digital / Test Broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''44.02''' | '''RNG TV''' | Highland TV / RNG Luzon |- | '''44.03''' | '''Golf TV''' | [[Golden Nation Network|Golf Channel]] |- | '''44.04''' | rowspan="1"|[[Global Satellite Technology Services]] and [[Gateway UHF Television Broadcasting]] | '''Hope Channel Philippines''' | [[Hope Channel Philippines]] |- | rowspan="3" | DWDM-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''46''' | rowspan="3" | '''665.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Luzon) | '''25.02''' | rowspan="3" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25''' | [[Net 25]] | rowspan="2" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''25.03''' | '''INC TV''' | [[INC TV]] |- | '''25.35''' | '''EAGLE FM''' | [[DWDM-FM|Eagle FM]] | {{n/a|ISDB-T RADIO}} |- | rowspan="5" | [[DZET-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''51''' | rowspan="5" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DZET-TV|TV5 Baguio Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00 a.m. - 1:45 a.m. (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Mountain Province=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DZVG-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''29''' | rowspan="7" | '''563.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cordillera and Cagayan Valley) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | GMA Mountain Province | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | rowspan="1" {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Black Screen}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''5.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | GMA Mountain Province Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Region I (Ilocos Region)=== ===Ilocos Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWTE-TV|DWTE-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Laoag and Ilocos Norte) |'''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday - Saturday 8:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) / Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | Monday to Sunday: 6 a.m. – midnight |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Ilocos Norte Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[D-5-AS-TV|D-5-AS-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''24''' | rowspan="7" | '''533.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Laoag and Ilocos Norte) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Ilocos Norte]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10&nbsp;kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | Test broadcast |- | '''5.21''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Ilocos Norte Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" |DWLJ-DTV | rowspan="5" |'''40''' | rowspan="5" |'''629.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Laoag and Ilocos Norte) | rowspan="5" | [[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''29.21''' | '''RJ DigiTV''' | RJ DigiTV Laoag | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Test broadcast 1 kW) |- | '''29.22''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | 24 Hours |- | '''29.23''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''29.24''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | RJ Rock TV | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''29.25''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="5"| D-11-ZV-DTV | rowspan="5"| '''42''' | rowspan="5"| '''641.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''4.01''' | rowspan="5"| [[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV Ilocos Norte''' | [[D-11-XM-TV|PTV Ilocos Norte]] | rowspan="1"| [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2"| Weekdays: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br> Weekends: 6 a.m. to 1 a.m. | rowspan="4"| Commercial broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''4.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''4.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 5 a.m. to 8 p.m. |- | '''4.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports Network]] | 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. |- | '''4.05''' | '''PTV 1SEG''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Ilocos Sur=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" |[[DWBC-TV|DWBC-DTV]] | rowspan="7" |'''15''' | rowspan="7" |'''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Vigan and Northern Luzon) |'''48.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DWBC-TV|GMA Ilocos Sur]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- |'''48.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''48.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''48.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' |[[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''48.05''' |'''I HEART MOVIES''' |[[I Heart Movies]] |- |'''48.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- |'''48.31''' |'''GMA 1SEG''' |[[DWBC-TV|GMA Ilocos Sur relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DWDI-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Vigan and Ilocos Sur) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Vigan]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Vigan Relay]] | 4:3 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DWTP-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''45''' | rowspan="5" | '''659.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Candon and Northern Luzon) | '''45.01''' | rowspan="5" | Tirad Pass Network | '''CTV''' | C.A.R LGU | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="5" | 5 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="5" | Test broadcast / Configuration testing (2.5 kW) |- | '''45.02''' | '''DZTP''' | [[DZTP]] | [[16:9]] [[720p]] [[HDTV]] |- | '''45.03''' | '''TPN''' | TPN | rowspan="3" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''45.04''' | '''ELYU TV''' | La Union LGU |- | '''45.05''' | '''CAB TV''' | CAB TV |- |} </div> ===Region II (Cagayan Valley)=== ===Batanes=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Cagayan=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel ![[Frequency]] ! width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DWZE-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tuguegarao and Cagayan) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tuguegarao]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tuguegarao Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DWRJ-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''29''' | rowspan="5" | '''563.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tuguegarao and Cagayan) | '''29.21''' | rowspan="5" | [[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''RJ DigiTV''' | RJ DigiTV Tuguegarao | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Test broadcast 1 kW) |- | '''29.22''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | 24 Hours |- | '''29.23''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''29.24''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | RJ Rock TV | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''29.25''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="7"| [[DWBB-TV|DWBB-DTV]] | rowspan="7"| '''33''' | rowspan="7"| '''587.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tuguegarao and Cagayan) | '''7.01''' | rowspan="7"| [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DWBB-TV|GMA Tuguegarao]] | rowspan="6"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''7.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1"| 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1"| Weekdays: 5 a.m. to midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2"| 6 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''7.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1"|Test broadcast |- | '''7.21''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | [[DWBB-TV|GMA Tuguegarao relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Isabela=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel ![[Frequency]] ! width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DWLE-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz ''' (Santiago, Isabela and Cagayan Valley) | '''7.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network]] | '''GMA''' | GMA Isabela | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''7.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" |Monday to Sunday: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. to midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. to midnight |- | '''7.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''7.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''7.31''' | '''GMA 1seg''' | GMA Isabela Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DWDH-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Santiago, Isabela and Cagayan Valley) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Isabela]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies'''''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Isabela Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Region III (Central Luzon)=== ===Pampanga=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="1" | DWAP-DTV | rowspan="1" |'''34''' | rowspan="1" |'''593.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Pampanga and Central Luzon) | '''34.01''' | rowspan="1" |[[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]] | '''ALL TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- | rowspan="1" | [[DWRW-TV|DWRW-DTV]] | rowspan="1" |'''36''' | rowspan="1" |'''605.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Pampanga and Central Luzon) |'''36.01''' | rowspan="1" |[[Central Luzon Television|RadioWorld Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''CLTV 36''' | [[Central Luzon Television]] | rowspan="1" |16:9 [[720p]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1"| Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. - 10:30 p.m. | rowspan="1" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (2.5 kW) |- | rowspan="4" | [[DWFU-DTV]] | rowspan="4" |'''44''' | rowspan="4" |'''653.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Pampanga) |'''44.01''' | rowspan="3" |Infomax Television and [[Global Satellite Technology Services]] | '''GNN''' | GNN Pampanga |[[DWFU-DTV]] | rowspan="4" |4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="4" | 5:00 a.m. to midnight | rowspan="4" | Fully migrated from analog to digital Test Broadcast/Configuration Testing (500 watts) |- |'''44.02''' | '''GNN Central Luzon''' |{{n/a|Black Screen}} |- |'''44.03''' |'''Golf TV''' | [[One Media Network|Golf Channel]] |- |'''44.04''' | rowspan="1" | [[Global Satellite Technology Services]] and [[Gateway UHF Broadcasting]] | '''Hope Channel Phils''' | [[Hope Channel Philippines]] |- |} </div> ===Tarlac=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DZJA-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tarlac City and Central Luzon) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tarlac Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="1" | DWAL-DTV | rowspan="1" | '''34''' | rowspan="1" | '''593.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tarlac City and Central Luzon) |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] | '''All TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV|All TV Tarlac Relay]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- |} </div> ===Zambales=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Olongapo City, Bataan and Zambales) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Olongapo]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Olongapo Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" |[[DWNS-TV|DWNS-DTV]] | rowspan="7" |'''38''' | rowspan="7" |'''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Olongapo City, Bataan and Zambales) |'''10.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DWNS-TV|GMA Olongapo]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- |'''10.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''10.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' |[[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''10.06''' |'''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- |'''10.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- |'''10.31''' |'''GMA 1Seg''' |GMA Olongapo Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Region IV-A (Calabarzon)=== ===Batangas=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" |[[D-12-ZB-TV|D-12-ZB-DTV]] | rowspan="7" |'''32''' | rowspan="7" |'''581.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Batangas and Calabarzon) |'''12.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[D-12-ZB-TV|GMA Batangas]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- |'''12.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' |[[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''12.06''' |'''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- |'''12.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- |'''12.31''' |'''GMA 1-Seg''' |[[D-12-ZB-TV|GMA Batangas Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8"| DWAG-DTV | rowspan="8"| '''36''' | rowspan="8"| '''605.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Batangas and CALABARZON) | '''36.01''' | rowspan="8"| Sphere Entertainment, Inc. and [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME ''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Sunday 4:00 a.m. – 10:30 p.m. | rowspan="8"| Fully migrated from Analog to Digital <br> (Commercial broadcast 5 kW TPO/25 kW ERP) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1"| 6 a.m. to midnight | rowspan="1"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.03''' | '''KNOWLEDGE CHANNEL''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="1"| 6 a.m. to 11 p.m. | rowspan="3"| [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.04''' | '''BEAM CINEMA''' | [[Beam Cinema (Philippine TV network)|Beam Cinema]] | rowspan="1"| 6 a.m. to midnight |- | '''31.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4"|5 a.m. to midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"|[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="1" | DWAV-DTV | rowspan="1" | '''46''' | rowspan="1" | '''665.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Batangas and Calabarzon) |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] | '''All TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. - midnight (the next day) | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast / Configuration Testing (10 kW TPO/30 kW ERP) |- | rowspan="5" | DWBD-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''51''' | rowspan="5" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Batangas and Calabarzon) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Batangas]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Batangas Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Quezon Province=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Lucena City and Quezon) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Lucena]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One PH]] | 6 a.m – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Lucena Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="3" | '''51''' | rowspan="3" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Lucena City and Quezon) | '''25.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25''' | [[Net 25]] | rowspan="2" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW)<br>Interference with DWBD-TV TV5 Batangas DTT on UHF 51. |- | '''25.02''' | '''INC TV''' | [[INC TV]] |- | '''25.03''' | '''Eagle FM''' | [[DWDM-FM|Eagle FM]] | {{n/a|ISDB-T RADIO}} |- |} </div> ===Rizal=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Region IV-B (Mimaropa)=== ===Occidental Mindoro=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | D-13-ZR-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Occidental Mindoro) | '''13.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)| GMA Network]] | '''GMA''' | GMA Occidental Mindoro | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br/> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''13.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''13.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''13.11''' | {{n/a|'''UNNAMED'''}} | {{n/a|Black screen}} | {{TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''13.31''' | '''GMA 1seg''' | GMA Occidental Mindoro Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (San Jose, and Occidental Mindoro) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 San Jose Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Palawan=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DYPU-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Puerto Princesa and Palawan) | '''12.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network]] | '''GMA''' | GMA Palawan | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: <br> 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''12.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''12.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''12.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''12.31''' | '''GMA 1seg''' | GMA Palawan Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DWDD-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Puerto Princesa and Palawan) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Nation Broadcasting Corporation]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Puerto Princesa]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Puerto Princesa Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:30 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="1" | DWDW-DTV | rowspan="1" |'''38''' | rowspan="1" | '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Puerto Princesa and Palawan) | '''38.01''' | rowspan="1" |[[Bandera News Philippines]] (Fairwaves Broadcasting Network) | '''Bandera News TV''' | [[Bandera News Philippines|Bandera News TV]] | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1"| Daily 4:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (500 watts) |- |} </div> ===Romblon=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |- | rowspan="4" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="4" | '''18''' | rowspan="4" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tablas, Romblon) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and [[Cignal TV]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Romblon]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="3" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' |[[Cignal TV]] and [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPTV''' | RPTV | 6 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | rowspan="2" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and [[Cignal TV]] | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday - Saturday 8:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) / Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Romblon Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday, Tuesday, Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Wednesday, Thursday 5:00 a.m. - 12:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:30 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Region V (Bicol Region)=== ===Albay=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DWLB-TV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Legazpi City and Albay) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Legazpi]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Legazpi Relay]] | 4:3 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DZPN-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''39''' | rowspan="5" | '''623.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Legazpi City and Albay) | '''4.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV Legazpi''' | [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) – Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''4.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''4.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas]] | 5 a.m. – 8 p.m. |- | '''4.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- | '''4.05''' | '''PTV 1SEG''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | [[4:3]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) / Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DWLA-TV|DWLA-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''41''' | rowspan="7" | '''635.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Legazpi City and Albay) |'''12.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DWLA-TV|GMA Legazpi]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''12.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''12.12''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''12.35''' | '''GMA1SEG''' | [[DWLA-TV|GMA Legazpi Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Camarines Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Camarines Sur=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="8" | [[DWHC-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''32''' | rowspan="8" | '''571.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Naga and Camarines Sur) |'''32.01''' | rowspan="8" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] |[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 4 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="8" |Fully migrated from analog to digital <br> Commercial broadcast (5 kW TPO/25kW ERP) |- | '''32.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1"|[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 6 a.m. - midnight |- | '''32.03''' | '''Knowledge Channel''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3"|[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 6 a.m. – 11 p.m. |- | '''32.04''' | '''BEAM BOX OFFICE''' | [[Beam Cinema (Philippine TV network)|Beam Cinema]] | 6 a.m. to midnight |- | '''32.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | RESERVED | rowspan="3" |Daily: 5:30 a.m. - midnight |- | '''32.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"| 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''32.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''32.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | RESERVED | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DWAI-TV]] | rowspan="7" | '''38''' | rowspan="7" | '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Naga and Camarines Sur) |'''7.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DWAI-TV|GMA Naga]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''7.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''7.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''7.35''' | '''GMA1SEG''' | [[DWAI-TV|GMA Naga Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWMA-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''46''' | rowspan="5" | '''665.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Naga) | '''8.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV HD1''' | rowspan="1"| [[DWMA-TV|PTV Bicol]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''8.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''8.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas TV]] | 5 a.m. – 8 p.m. |- | '''8.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- | '''8.05''' | '''PTV 1seg''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) <br/> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="3" | '''47''' | rowspan="3" | '''671.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Naga) | '''25.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25''' | [[Net 25]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''25.02''' | '''INCTV''' | [[INCTV]] | 16:9 [[720p]] [[HDTV]] |- | '''25.03''' | '''EAGLE FM''' | [[DWDM-FM|Eagle FM]] | {{n/a|ISDB-T RADIO}} |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWFA-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''48''' | rowspan="5" | '''677.143&nbsp;MHz''' <br/>(Metro Naga) |'''48.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Global Satellite Technology Services]] | '''GNN''' | rowspan="1" | [[Golden Nation Network]] Local Programs | rowspan="5" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''48.02''' | '''DepEd TV - Telearalan''' | rowspan="1" | [[DepEd TV]] Local Programs |- | '''48.03''' | '''LGU Naga''' | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Black Screen}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Configuration Testing}} |- | '''48.04''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 hours | Test Broadcast |- | '''48.05''' | '''Reserved Channel GNN Naga TV48''' | rowspan="1" | [[Golden Nation Network]] | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Black Screen}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Configuration Testing}} |- | rowspan="6" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="6" | '''50''' | rowspan="6" | '''689.143&nbsp;MHz''' ([[Nabua, Camarines Sur]]) |'''19.01''' | rowspan="6" | [[ Polytechnic State University of Bicol|PSUB]] and [[Philippine Collective Media Corporation|PCMC]] | '''PSUBTv''' | PSUB TV | rowspan="6" |[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="6" |9 a.m. - 8 p.m. | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''19.02''' | '''PSUB COHS''' | The TLC Channel |- | '''19.03''' | '''PSUB COBM''' | College of Business Management |- | '''19.04''' | '''PSUB COEAS''' | BigCAS Channel | rowspan="3" {{n/a|Configuration Testing}} |- | '''19.05''' | '''PSUB Graduate School''' | The Grad-Ed Channel |- | '''19.06''' | '''PSUB COE''' | College of Engineering |- | rowspan="5" | DWNA-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''51''' | rowspan="5" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Naga and Camarines Sur) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Nation Broadcasting Corporation]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Naga]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Naga Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Catanduanes=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Virac, Catanduanes) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Virac]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Virac Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="1" | DWAU-DTV | rowspan="1" | '''28''' | rowspan="1" | '''557.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Virac and Catanduanes) | '''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advance Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under local [[marketing agreement| blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]] | '''ALLTV HD''' | [[ALLTV]] | [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | Monday to Sunday 7:00 a.m. – midnight | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- | rowspan="7"| [[D-13-ZC-TV|D-13-ZC-DTV]] | rowspan="7"| '''38''' | rowspan="7"| '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Virac and Catanduanes) | '''13.01''' | rowspan="7"| [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[D-13-ZC-TV|GMA Catanduanes]] | rowspan="6" |[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''13.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" |Monday to Sunday: 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. to midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''13.11'' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1"| Test broadcast |- | '''13.21''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | [[D-13-ZC-TV|GMA Catanduanes relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Masbate=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="4" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="4" | '''18''' | rowspan="4" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Masbate and Bicol Region) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Masbate]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="3" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' |[[Cignal TV]] and [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPTV''' | RPTV | 6 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | rowspan="2" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday - Saturday 8:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) / Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Masbate Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday, Tuesday, Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. / Wednesday, Thursday 5:00 a.m. - 12:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:30 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Sorsogon=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DWSS-TV | rowspan="5" | '''51''' | rowspan="5" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Sorsogon and Bicol Region) |- | '''5.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Sorsogon]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="3" | Fully Mirgrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' |[[Cignal TV]] and [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPTV''' | RPTV | 6 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | rowspan="2" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday - Saturday 8:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) / Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Sorsogon Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday, Tuesday, Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. / Wednesday, Thursday 5:00 a.m. - 12:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:30 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ==Visayas== ===Region VI (Western Visayas)=== ===Aklan=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel ![[Frequency]] ! width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DYCJ-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Kalibo, Aklan and Western Visayas) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="4" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Kalibo]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4"| Test broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | Monday to Sunday: 6 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Kalibo Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Capiz=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | [[DYAM-TV|DYAM-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Roxas, Capiz and Western Visayas) | '''7.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DYAM-TV|GMA Roxas]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10&nbsp;kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | Test broadcast |- | '''5.21''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[DYAM-TV|GMA Roxas Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DYMD-TV|DYMD-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Roxas, Capiz) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Roxas]] | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (5&nbsp;kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Roxas Relay]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Iloilo=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Provisional Authority}} | rowspan="1" |'''16''' | rowspan="1" |'''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''16.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''ALL TV HD''' | rowspan="1" |[[All TV]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" |Monday to Sunday: 8:00 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="1" |Test broadcast (10 kW) |- | rowspan="2" | [[DYJB-TV]] | rowspan="2" | '''17''' | rowspan="2" | '''491.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''12.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''IBC''' | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC 13]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[HDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 11 p.m. <br /> Weekends: 7 a.m. - 10 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (3 kW) |- | '''12.02''' |'''Congress TV''' |[[Congress TV]] |9 a.m. – 9 p.m. |- | rowspan="5" | [[DYMB-TV|DYMB-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[DYMB-TV|TV5 Iloilo]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00 a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.31''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DYMB-TV|TV5 Iloilo Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | DYZA-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''20''' | rowspan="3" | '''509.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''20.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] by [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Iloilo]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (5.5 kW) |- | '''20.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. - 9 p.m. |- | '''20.22''' | '''A2Z 1Seg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Iloilo Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DYDY-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''23''' | rowspan="5" | '''527.143&nbsp;MHz''' <br/>(Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) |'''4.01''' | rowspan="5" |[[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV Iloilo''' | [[DYDY-TV|PTV Iloilo]] | rowspan="1" |16:9 [[1080i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="2" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- |'''4.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3"|[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- |'''4.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 5 a.m. – 8 p.m. |- | '''4.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- | '''4.05''' | '''PTV 1seg''' |[[People's Television Network|PTV]] |4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8" | [[DYRM-TV|DYRM-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''26''' | rowspan="8" | '''545.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''26.01''' | rowspan="8"| [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | rowspan="1" | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | rowspan="2" |[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 4 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="7" | Fully migrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''26.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast Sports]] | 6 a.m – midnight (the next day) |- | '''26.03''' | '''Knowledge Channel''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3"|[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. - 11 p.m. |- | '''26.04''' | '''BEAM CINEMA''' | [[Beam Cinema (Philippine TV network)|Beam Cinema]] | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''26.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="3"| 5 a.m. - midnight |- | '''26.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''26.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''26.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DYXX-TV]] | rowspan="7" | '''29''' | rowspan="7" | '''563.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''6.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DYXX-TV|GMA Iloilo]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''6.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''6.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''6.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''6.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''6.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''6.31''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | [[DYXX-TV|GMA Iloilo Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="2" | DYOK-TV | rowspan="2" | '''43''' | rowspan="2" | '''647.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo) | '''0.21''' | rowspan="2" | [[Manila Broadcasting Company]] | '''DZRH NEWS TV''' | rowspan="2" | [[DZRH News Television]] | 16:9 [[480p]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 24 Hours | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''0.31''' | '''DZRH NEWS TV 1seg''' | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Negros Occidental=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DYGM-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Murcia Negros Occidental and Western Visayas) | '''13.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Murcia]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''13.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''13.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''13.31''' | '''GMA1SEG''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Murcia Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="1" |[[Advance Media Broadcasting System|DYAG-DTV]] | rowspan="1" | '''16''' | rowspan="1" | '''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Bacolod and Negros Occidental) |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''All TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV|All TV Bacolod]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday - 7 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast / Configuration Testing (10kW) |- | rowspan="5" |[[DYTE-TV|DYTE-DTV]] | rowspan="5" |'''18''' | rowspan="5" |'''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Bacolod and Negros Occidental) |'''5.01''' | rowspan="4" |[[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' |[[DYTE-TV|TV5 Bacolod]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- |'''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- |'''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday - Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.05''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DYTE-TV|TV5 Bacolod Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DYKB-TV|DYKB-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''19''' | rowspan="3" | '''503.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Bacolod and Negros Occidental) | '''19.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN''' | [[DYKB-TV|RPN Bacolod]] | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (5 kW TPO/10 kW) |- | '''19.02''' | rowspan="1" |[[Radio Philippines Network]], [[Nine Media Corporation]] and [[Cignal TV]] | '''RPTV''' | [[RPTV (TV channel)|RPTV]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''19.06''' | rowspan="1" |[[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN 1seg''' | RPN Bacolod relay | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | DYEC-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''22''' | rowspan="3" | '''521.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Bacolod and Negros Occidental) | '''22.01''' | rowspan="3" |[[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Bacolod]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m – 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5 a.m. – 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sunday: 5 a.m. – 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (5.5 kW) |- | '''22.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. – 9 p.m. |- | '''22.22''' | '''A2Z 1seg''' | [[A2Z TV (channel)|A2Z Bacolod relay]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. – 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6 a.m. – 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sunday: 6 a.m. – 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="2" | DYEZ-TV | rowspan="2" | '''39''' | rowspan="2" | '''623.143&nbsp;MHz'''<br/>(Metro Bacolod) | '''39.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Manila Broadcasting Company]] | '''DZRH TV''' | rowspan="2" | [[DZRH News Television]] | 16:9 [[480p]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 24 Hours | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''39.31''' | '''DZRH TV 1seg''' | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DWGM-TV]] | rowspan="7" | '''44''' | rowspan="7" | '''653.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Bacolod and Negros Occidental) | '''13.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Bacolod]] | rowspan="6" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- |'''13.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" |5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''13.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''13.31''' | '''GMA1SEG''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Bacolod Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Region VII (Central Visayas)=== ===Bohol=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Cebu=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="1" | [[Advance Media Broadcasting System|DYAE-DTV]] | rowspan="1" | '''16''' | rowspan="1" | '''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operating under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''All TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV|ALL TV Cebu]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast / Configuration Testing (10 kW TPO/30 kW ERP) |- | rowspan="2" | DYTV-TV | rowspan="2" | '''17''' | rowspan="2" | '''491.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) | '''13.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''IBC''' | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC 13]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[HDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 11 p.m. <br /> Weekends: 7 a.m. - 10 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (3 kW) |- |'''13.02''' |'''Congress TV''' |[[Congress TV]] |9 a.m. – 9 p.m. |- | rowspan="5" | [[DYET-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) |'''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[DYET-TV|TV5 Cebu]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | |- |'''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- |'''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday – Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DYET-TV|TV5 Cebu Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | DYNZ-DTV | rowspan="3" |'''20''' | rowspan="3" |'''509.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) | '''20.01''' | rowspan="3" |[[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Cebu]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (5.5 kW) |- | '''20.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. - 9 p.m. |- | '''20.22''' | '''A2Z 1Seg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Cebu Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="4" |DYGA-DTV | rowspan="4" |'''25''' | rowspan="4" |'''539.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) | '''25.01''' | rowspan="4" |[[Gateway UHF Television Broadcasting]] and [[Global Satellite Technology Services]] | '''Hope Cebu''' | rowspan="4" | [[Hope Channel Philippines]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480p]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="4" | 6 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="4" | Fully migrated from analog to digital / Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''25.02''' | '''Hope Philippines''' |- | '''25.03''' | '''Hope International''' |- | '''25.04''' | ''' AWR ''' |- | rowspan="7" |[[DYSS-TV]] | rowspan="7" |'''26''' | rowspan="7" |'''545.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) |'''7.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DYSS-TV|GMA Cebu]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- |'''7.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" |5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight |- |'''7.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' |[[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- |'''7.06''' |'''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- |'''7.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- |'''7.31''' |'''GMA 1SEG''' |[[DYSS-TV|GMA Cebu Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8" | [[DYCT-TV]] | rowspan="8" | '''31''' | rowspan="8" | '''575.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) | '''31.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | rowspan="2" |[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 4 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="7" |Fully migrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.03''' | '''KNOWLEDGE CHANNEL''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3" |[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – 11 p.m. |- | '''31.04''' | '''BEAM CINEMA''' | [[Beam Cinema (Philippine TV network)|Beam Cinema]] | rowspan="1"| 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4"| 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="2" | DYWF-DTV | rowspan="2" | '''36''' | rowspan="2" | '''605.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu) | '''36.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Brigada Mass Media Corporation]] | '''BRIGADA TV-HD''' | Brigada TV Cebu | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 4 a.m. – 12:30 a.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (500 watts) |- | '''36.02''' | '''BRIGADA TV-SD''' | [[DYAC-FM|90.7 Brigada News FM Cebu]] | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DYPT-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''42''' | rowspan="5" | '''641.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu) | '''04.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV HD1''' |[[DYPT-TV|PTV Cebu]] | rowspan="1" | [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- |'''04.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3"| 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''04.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 5 a.m. – 8 p.m. |- | '''04.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- | '''04.05''' | '''PTV 1seg''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="2" | [[DYBU-DTV]] | rowspan="2" | '''43''' | rowspan="2" | '''647.143&nbsp;MHz'''<br/>(Metro Cebu) | '''43.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Manila Broadcasting Company]] | '''DZRH TV''' | rowspan="2" | [[DZRH News Television]] | 16:9 [[480p]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 24 hours | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''43.31''' | '''DZRH TV 1seg''' | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DYFX-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''49''' | rowspan="3" | '''683.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu) | '''25.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25''' | [[Net 25]] | rowspan="2" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Still under test broadcast) (1 kW) |- | '''25.02''' | '''INC TV''' | [[INC TV]] |- | '''25.03''' | '''Eagle FM''' | [[DWDM-FM|Eagle FM]] | {{n/a|ISDB-T RADIO}} |} </div> ===Negros Oriental=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Dumaguete and Negros Oriental) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="4" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Dumaguete]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (5&nbsp;kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Dumaguete Relay]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[D-5-YB-TV|D-5-YB-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''22''' | rowspan="7" | '''521.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Dumaguete and Negros Oriental) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network]] | '''GMA''' | GMA Dumaguete | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''5.31''' | '''GMA1SEG''' | GMA Dumaguete relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Region VIII (Eastern Visayas)=== ===Eastern Samar=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Leyte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''21''' | rowspan="5" | '''515.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tacloban City and Eastern Visayas) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]] and Mediascape, Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tacloban]] | rowspan="4" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday – Friday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:00 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tacloban relay]] | [[4:3]] [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. – 1:00 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (, the next day) |- | rowspan="7" | DYCL-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''34''' | rowspan="7" | '''593.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tacloban City and Eastern Visayas) | '''10.01''' | rowspan="6" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Tacloban City]] | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="7" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''10.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''10.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''10.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Tacloban City Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: <br /> 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DYPR-TV (Tacloban)|DYPR-TV]] | rowspan="3" | '''50''' | rowspan="3" | '''689.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tacloban City) | '''27.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[Philippine Collective Media Corporation]] | '''PRTV TACLOBAN''' | [[DYPR-TV (Tacloban)|PRTV TACLOBAN]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday - Sunday: 6 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast/Configuration testing (2 kW) |- | '''27.02''' | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tacloban]] | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday, Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday: 5:00 a.m. - 12:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday: 6:30&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) / Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''27.03''' | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Tacloban]] ([[ZOE TV]]) | 16:9 [[720p]] [[HDTV]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. - 12:15 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 6 a.m. - 11:45 p.m. <br /> Sundays: 6 a.m. - 11:30 p.m. |- |} </div> ===Western Samar=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ==Mindanao== ===Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula)=== ===Zamboanga del Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | [[D-4-XT-TV|D-4-XT-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''46''' | rowspan="7" | '''665.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Dipolog and Zamboanga del Norte) | '''4.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network]] | '''GMA''' | [[D-4-XT-TV|GMA Dipolog]] | rowspan="6" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''4.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m – midnight (the next day) |- | '''4.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''4.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''4.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''4.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNAMMED)'''}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | Test broadcast |- | '''4.31''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | [[D-4-XT-TV|GMA Dipolog relay]] | [[4:3]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | 1seg |- |} </div> ===Zamboanga del Sur=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Zamboanga Sibugay=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Zamboanga City=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel ![[Frequency]] ! width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DXMZ-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Peninsula) |'''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Zamboanga]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- |'''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- |'''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Zamboanga Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:30 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8" | [[DXBE-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''31''' | rowspan="8" | '''575.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Peninsula) | '''31.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | rowspan="1" | [[Prime TV (TV channel)|PRTV Prime]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" | Fully migrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[TAP Sports#Blast Sports|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. to midnight |- | '''31.03''' | '''KNOWLEDGE CHANNEL''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. to 11 p.m. |- | '''31.04''' | '''BLAST MOVIES''' | [[Movie Central (Philippine TV channel)|Blast Movies]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="2" | [[DXAX-TV|DXAX-DTV]] | rowspan="2" | '''40''' | rowspan="2" | '''629.143&nbsp;MHz'''<br/>(Zamboanga City) | '''0.01''' | rowspan="2" | Westwind Broadcasting Corporation & [[eMedia Productions|eMedia Production Network]] | '''eMedia Digital TV''' | [[EMedia Productions|eMedia]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 4:45&nbsp;a.m. – 9:30&nbsp;p.m. | Fully migrated from analog to digital (1 kW) |- | '''0.02''' | '''ALLTV''' | [[All TV|ALL TV Zamboanga]] | Manila feed | Manila feed |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXLA-TV|DXLA-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''41''' | rowspan="7" | '''635.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Peninsula) |'''9.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DXLA-TV|GMA Zamboanga]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- |'''9.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" |5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''9.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''9.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''9.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- |'''9.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | Test broadcast |- | '''9.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | GMA Zamboanga Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DXZJ-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''45''' | rowspan="5" | '''659.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Peninsula) | '''29.21''' | rowspan="5" | [[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''RJ DigiTV''' | RJ DigiTV Zamboanga | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Test broadcast 1 kW) |- | '''29.22''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | 24 Hours |- | '''29.23''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] | 5 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''29.24''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | RJ Rock TV | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''29.25''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="6" | [[DXGB-TV|DXGB-DTV]] | rowspan="6" | '''51''' | rowspan="6" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Peninsula) | '''51.01''' | rowspan="6" | [[Golden Broadcast Professionals|Golden Broadcasting Professionals Inc.]] | '''GBPI HD''' | [[Golden Broadcast Professionals|Golden Broadcasting Professionals Inc.]]/[[DXGB-TV]] | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[720p]] [[SDTV]] | 5:00&nbsp;a.m. – 11:30&nbsp;p.m. | rowspan="1" | Test Broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''51.02''' | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5]] | rowspan="4" | Manila feed | rowspan="4" | Test Broadcast (Mirror feed from DTT-18) |- | '''51.03''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] |- | '''51.04''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] |- | '''51.05''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] |- | '''51.31''' | '''GBPI TV11one seg ''' |[[Golden Broadcast Professionals|Golden Broadcasting Professionals Inc.]]/[[DXGB-TV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | 5:00&nbsp;a.m. – 11:30&nbsp;p.m. | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Region X (Northern Mindanao)=== ===Bukidnon=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DXWK-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''44''' | rowspan="7" | '''653.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Bukidnon and Northern Mindanao) | '''12.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[GMA Network|GMA Bukidnon]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''12.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''12.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''12.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Bukidnon Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Lanao del Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Iligan City and Lanao del Norte) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network, Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Iligan]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:00 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5:00 a.m. – 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6:00 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.31''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Iligan Relay]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXRV-TV|DXRV-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''33''' | rowspan="7" | '''587.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Iligan City and Lanao del Norte) | '''11.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Iligan]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''11.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''11.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br> Weekends 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''11.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''11.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''11.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''11.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Iligan Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Misamis Occidental=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXGM-TV|DXGM-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Ozamiz and Misamis Occidental) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DXGM-TV|GMA Ozamiz]] | rowspan="6" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | Test broadcast |- | '''5.31''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | [[DXGM-TV|GMA Ozamiz relay]] | [[4:3]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Misamis Oriental=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel ![[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="1" | DXAL-DTV | rowspan="1" | '''16''' | rowspan="1" | '''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''All TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV|All TV Cagayan de Oro]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast / Configuration Testing (10kW) |- | rowspan="5" | [[DXTE-TV|DXTE-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) |'''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[DXTE-TV|TV5 Cagayan de Oro]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DXTE-TV|TV5 Cagayan de Oro Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DXEV-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''20''' | rowspan="3" | '''509.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan De Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) | '''20.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Cagayan De Oro]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (5.5 kW) |- | '''20.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. - 9 p.m. |- | '''20.22''' | '''A2Z 1Seg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Cagayan De Oro Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 6 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DXRJ-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''31''' | rowspan="5" | '''575.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) | '''29.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''RJTV''' | [[DXRJ-DTV|RJTV]] | rowspan="5" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. to 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from Analog to Digital (Test broadcast 5 kW) |- | '''29.02''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | rowspan="2" | 5 a.m. to midnight |- | '''29.03''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] |- | '''29.04''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | [[DZRJ-FM#Rock MNL|Rock MNL]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. to 2 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''29.05''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="8" | [[DXVM-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''33''' | rowspan="8" | '''587.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) | '''31.01''' | rowspan="8" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | rowspan="1" | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 4 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[TAP Sports#Blast Sports|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.03''' | '''KNOWLEDGE CHANNEL''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – 11 p.m. |- | '''31.04''' | '''BLAST MOVIES''' | [[Movie Central (Philippine TV channel)|Blast Movies]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''31.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXJC-TV|DXJC-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''47''' | rowspan="7" | '''671.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) |'''12.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[GMA Network|GMA Cagayan de Oro]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''12.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''12.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | Test broadcast |- | '''12.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Cagayan de Oro Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | DXJG-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''51''' | rowspan="3" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro and Misamis Oriental) | '''51.01''' | rowspan="3" | Westwind Broadcasting Corporation | '''JAO DIGITAL TV''' | Jao TV | rowspan="3" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="3" | Monday - Sunday 6 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast/Configuration Testing (Poor signal transmission) |- | '''51.02''' | '''NOA TV''' | Acosta Reality Channel |- | '''51.03''' | '''DTV3 CH51''' | Videoke Test Feed |- |} </div> ===Region XI (Davao Region)=== ===Davao Region=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="1" | DXAK-DTV | rowspan="1" | '''16''' | rowspan="1" | '''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[Local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''ALLTV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[ALLTV]] | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[HDTV]] | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. to midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (10 kW) |- | rowspan="2" | [[DXTV-TV]] | rowspan="2" | '''17''' | rowspan="2" | '''491.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''17.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''IBC 13''' | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC 13]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[HDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 11 p.m. <br /> Weekends: 7 a.m. - 10 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (3 kW) |- |'''17.02''' |'''Congress TV''' |[[Congress TV]] |9 a.m. – 9 p.m. |- | rowspan="5" |[[DXET-TV|DXET-DTV]] | rowspan="5" |'''18''' | rowspan="5" |'''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" |[[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' |[[DXET-TV|TV5 Davao]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''OnePH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DXET-TV|TV5 Davao Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | DXEX-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''20''' | rowspan="3" | '''509.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''20.01''' | rowspan="3" |[[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Davao]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 p.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (5.5 kW) |- | rowspan="1" |'''20.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. - 9 p.m. |- | rowspan="1" |'''20.22''' | '''A2Z 1Seg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Davao Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 6 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 6 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="5"| [[DXRS-TV|DXRJ-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''28''' | rowspan="5" | '''557.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''29.21''' | rowspan="5" | [[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''RJ DigiTV''' | [[DXRS-TV|RJ DigiTV Davao]] | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Test broadcast; 1 kW) |- | '''29.22''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | 24 Hours |- | '''29.23''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] | 5 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''29.24''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | RJ Rock TV | 5 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''29.25''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="8"| [[DXKC-DTV]] | rowspan="8"| '''31''' | rowspan="8" |'''575.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''31.01''' | rowspan="8" |[[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | rowspan="1" | [[PRTV (Philippine TV channel)|PRTV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 4 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" |Fully migrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[TAP Sports#Blast Sports|Blast Sports]] | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.03''' | '''Knowledge Channel''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="2"|[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. - 11 p.m. |- | '''31.04''' | '''BLAST MOVIES''' | [[Movie Central (Philippine TV channel)|Blast Movies]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''31.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | TV Shop Philippines | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="7" |[[DXMJ-TV|DXMJ-DTV]] | rowspan="7" |'''37''' | rowspan="7" |'''611.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DXMJ-TV|GMA Davao]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (15 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''5.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' |[[DXMJ-TV|GMA Davao Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | DXSQ-DTV | '''38''' | '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Digos City) | '''38.01''' | [[Sagay Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''Kakampi TV''' | Kakampi TV | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 24 hours | Test broadcast (500 watts Low power signal) |- | rowspan="5" |[[DXNP-TV|DXNP-DTV]] | rowspan="5" |'''45''' | rowspan="5" |'''659.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao) | '''11.01''' | rowspan="5" |[[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV SD1''' |[[DXNP-TV|PTV Davao]] | rowspan="1" |[[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''11.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- |'''11.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 5 a.m. to 8 p.m. |- |'''11.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports Network]] | 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. |- |'''11.05''' | '''PTV 1seg''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | [[4:3]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DXED-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''49''' | rowspan="3" | '''683.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao) | '''25.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25''' | [[Net 25]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''25.02''' | '''INCTV''' | [[INCTV]] | 16:9 [[720p]] [[HDTV]] |- | '''25.03''' | '''EAGLE FM''' | [[DWDM-FM|Eagle FM]] | {{n/a|ISDB-T RADIO}} |- |} </div> ===Region XII (Soccsksargen)=== ===Cotabato=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===South Cotabato=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" |[[DXER-TV|DXER-DTV]] | rowspan="5" |'''18''' | rowspan="5" |'''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (General Santos City and Soccsksargen) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" |[[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' |[[DXTE-TV|TV5 General Santos]] | rowspan="4" |16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" |Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4"|Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DXER-TV|TV5 General Santos Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXBG-TV|DXBG-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''34''' | rowspan="7" | '''593.143&nbsp;MHz''' (General Santos City and Soccsksargen) | '''8.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DXBG-TV|GMA General Santos]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''8.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''8.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''8.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''8.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''8.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''8.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[DXBG-TV|GMA General Santos Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="2" |[[DXBC-TV|DXYM-DTV]] | rowspan="2" |'''37''' | rowspan="2" |'''611.143&nbsp;MHz''' (General Santos City) |'''37.01''' | rowspan="2" |[[Brigada Mass Media Corporation]] and [[Baycomms Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''Brigada News TV''' | rowspan="2" | Brigada TV | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 4:30 a.m. - midnight | Test broadcast (500 watts) |- | '''37.31''' | '''Brigada News TV 1seg''' | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8" | '''DXAH-DTV''' | rowspan="8" | '''51''' | rowspan="8" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (General Santos City and Soccsksargen) | '''51.01''' | rowspan="8" | Sphere Entertainment, Inc. and [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 4 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" | Fully migrated from Analog to Digital <br /> Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''51.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''51.03''' | '''KNOWLEDGE CHANNEL''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – 11 p.m. |- | '''51.04''' | '''BLAST MOVIES''' | [[Movie Central (Philippine TV channel)|Blast Movies]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''51.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''51.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''51.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''51.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- |} </div> ===Region XIII (Caraga Region)=== ===Agusan del Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXSB-TV|DXSB-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Butuan City and Caraga) |'''26.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Butuan]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''26.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''26.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''26.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' |[[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''26.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''26.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''26.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | GMA Butuan Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Butuan City and Caraga) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network, Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Butuan]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.31''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Butuan Relay]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | [[DXNS-TV|DXNS-DTV]] | '''27''' | '''551.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Butuan City and Caraga) | '''7.01''' | rowspan="1" | Northern Mindanao Broadcasting System | '''Bee TV''' | [[DXNS-TV|Bee TV]] | rowspan="1" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. – 11 p.m. (the next day) | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (500 watts) |- |} </div> ===Agusan del Sur=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Surigao del Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Surigao del Sur=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===BARMM (Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao)=== ===Maguindanao del Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DXMC-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''42''' | rowspan="7" | '''641.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cotabato City, Maguindanao del Norte and Maguindanao del Sur) | '''12.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Cotabato]] | rowspan="6" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''12.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''12.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | Test broadcast |- | '''12.31''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | GMA Cotabato relay | [[4:3]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Sulu=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Filipino television stations| ]] [[Category:Philippine television-related lists]] 3cpgu3cl61l41jib9w0a0k1obnny7ap 10368643 10368636 2025-07-03T01:33:59Z 103.144.157.183 10368643 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|the list of television stations|List of television stations in the Philippines}} {{Use American English|date=August 2019}} [[File:Digital broadcast standards.svg|thumb|400x400px|Digital TV Standards around the world.]] This is the '''list of the stations on digital television in the Philippines'''.<ref>{{cite web |title=NTC List of DTTB Stations via FOI website |url=http://storage.googleapis.com/request-attachments/3qwepDblYFlFpRIAxnpr8DeBq7m2qrvCyUDjZHDqcWYLHU55YohnTf2QwdWk8xHnErMQ6iIXPAiLJZM2qJGi32oxvPDGCessrNvB/NTC%20FOI%20223511250758.pdf |website=foi.gov.ph |date=September 6, 2019}}</ref> The availability of channels to viewers depends on their location. The National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) has adopted the ISDB-Tb standard for Philippine television. {{Update section|date=April 2025}} ==Background== [[File:ISDB-T CH Seg Prog allocation.svg|thumb|ISDB-T Segments]] Updated as of {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dtvpilipinas.org/ |title=DTV Pilipinas official website |access-date=2020-11-19 |archive-date=2020-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716060054/https://www.dtvpilipinas.org/ |url-status=dead }} {{cite web |url=https://dtvpilipinas.blogspot.com |title=DTV Pilipinas official blogsite }}</ref> Most channels are still under test broadcast. All analog services are expected to be terminated by the end of 2025.<ref name=ntcph>{{cite news |title=Gov't wants analog TV switched off by 2023 |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/599484/money/companies/gov-t-wants-analog-tv-switched-off-by-2023 |work=GMA News Online |date=February 14, 2017 |author=Cabuenas, Jon Viktor D.}}</ref> <nowiki>*</nowiki>''Data collected from sources and some wiki pages.'' ''*Channels received may vary with location or with the strength of the signal of the broadcaster.'' ''*Most of the channels are in the phase of test broadcast, resulting to some places that cannot receive other stations due to dead spots and low transmitting power among stations.'' ''*Some Channels are encrypted and can only be accessed through select set-top box or mobile dongle manufacturers.'' {{clear}} ==Metro Manila== ===National Capital Region (NCR)=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWGT-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''14''' | rowspan="5" | '''473.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''4.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV HD''' | rowspan="2" | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 7 a.m. - 1 a.m. | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW TPO; 25 kW ERP) |- |'''4.02''' | '''PTV SD''' | rowspan="3" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- |'''4.03''' | '''PTV NEWS''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 6 a.m. - 8 p.m. |- | '''4.04''' | '''PTV SPORTS''' | [[PTV Sports (TV Program)|PTV Sports Network]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- |'''4.05''' | '''PTV 1SEG''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | [[16:9]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - midnight <br /> Weekends: 7 a.m. - midnight | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DZBB-TV]] | rowspan="7" | '''27''' | rowspan="7" | '''551.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''27.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i|720p]] [[SDTV]] | MON - FRI (6AM to 12AM) SAT - SUN (5AM to 12AM) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (15 kW TPO; 100 kW ERP) |- | '''27.02''' | '''NEWS TV''' | [[NEWS TV]] | rowspan="1" | |- | '''27.03''' | PINOY HITS | [[PINOY HITS]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. to midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | | | | |- | | | | |- | | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | |- | | | | | | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="1" | [[DZMV-TV]] | rowspan="1" | '''16''' | rowspan="1" | '''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''ALLTV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7:00 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (10 kW TPO/25 kW ERP) |- | rowspan="3"| [[DZTV-TV]] | rowspan="3"| '''17''' | rowspan="3"| '''491.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''13.01''' | rowspan="3"| [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''IBC HD''' | rowspan="1"| [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC 13]] | rowspan="3" [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1"| Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 11:00 p.m. <br /> Weekends: 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. | rowspan="3"| Test broadcast (3 kW TPO/ 8 kW ERP) |- | '''13.02''' | '''Congress TV''' | rowspan="1"| [[Congress TV]] | rowspan="1"| 9:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. |- | '''13.03''' | '''DWAN HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[DWAN-AM|DWAN 1206 TV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:00 a.m. – midnight |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWET-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DZKB-TV]] | rowspan="3" | '''19''' | rowspan="3" | '''503.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''19.01''' | rowspan="1" |[[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN''' | [[DZKB-TV|RPN]] | 16:9 [[480i]] [[High-definition|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (5 kW TPO 10 kW ERP) |- |'''19.02''' | rowspan="1" |[[Nine Media Corporation]], [[Radio Philippines Network]] and [[Cignal TV]] (Operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] from [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc]].) | '''RPTV HD''' | [[RPTV (TV channel)|RPTV]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. - midnight |- | '''19.06''' | rowspan="1" | [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN 1Seg''' | RPN | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DZOE-TV]] | rowspan="3" | '''20''' | rowspan="3" | '''509.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''20.21''' | rowspan="3" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. <br /> Sunday: 5 a.m. - 12:15 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW TPO; 30 kW ERP) |- | '''20.24''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. - 9 p.m. |- | '''20.31''' | '''A2Z OneSeg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. <br /> Sunday: 5 a.m. - 12:15 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="4" | [[DWCP-DTV]] | rowspan="4" | '''21''' | rowspan="4" | '''515.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''21.01''' | rowspan="4" |[[Southern Broadcasting Network]] and [[Solar Entertainment Corporation]] | '''SolarFlix''' | [[SolarFlix]] | rowspan="4" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="4" | 6 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="4" | Fully migrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (3 kW) |- | '''21.02''' | '''Solar Sports''' | [[Solar Sports]] |- | '''21.03''' | '''DepEd ALS''' | [[Solar Learning]]/[[DepEd TV|DepEd TV ALS]] |- | '''21.04''' | '''Shop TV''' | [[Shop TV]] |- | rowspan="2" | [[Aliw Broadcasting Corporation|DWIZ-DTV]] | rowspan="2" | '''23''' | rowspan="2" | '''527.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''23.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Aliw Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''ALIW 23 HD''' | rowspan="2" | [[Aliw Channel 23|ALIW 23]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 4 a.m. - 10 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast / Configuration Testing (5 kW) |- | '''23.02''' | '''ALIW 23 SD''' | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="2" | [[DZRH-TV]] | rowspan="2" | '''24''' | rowspan="2" | '''533.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''24.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Manila Broadcasting Company]] | '''DZRH TV''' | rowspan="2" | [[DZRH News Television]] | 16.9 [[720p]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 24 hours | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''24.31''' | '''DZRH TV 1seg''' | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DZEC-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''28''' | rowspan="5" | '''557.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''28.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25 HD''' | rowspan="2" | [[Net 25]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="5" | 24 hours | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''28.02''' | '''NET 25 SD''' | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''28.03''' | ''' INCTV HD''' | {{n/a|Grey screen}} | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] |- | '''28.04''' | '''INCTV SD''' | [[DZCE-TV|INC TV]] | rowspan="1" |16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''28.05''' | '''EBC RESERVED''' | [[Net 25]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] |- | rowspan="5" |[[DZRJ-DTV]] | rowspan="5" |'''29''' | rowspan="5" |'''563.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''29.21''' | rowspan="5" |[[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''RJ DigiTV''' | [[DZRJ-DTV | RJ DigiTV]] | rowspan="5" |16:9 [[480i]] [[Standard-definition television|SDTV]] | 5 a.m. - 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (still on test broadcast) (2.5 kW) (poor signal transmission) |- | '''29.22''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | 24 Hours |- | '''29.23''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] | 5 a.m. - midnight |- | '''29.24''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | RJ Rock TV | 5 a.m. - 2 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''29.25''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="8" | [[DWKC-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''31''' | rowspan="8" | '''575.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''31.01''' | rowspan="8" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRIME TV''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] |[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 4 a.m. - midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" |Fully migrated from analog to digital <br> Commercial broadcast (5 kW TPO/25kW ERP) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. to midnight |- | '''31.03''' | '''Knowledge Channel''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. - 11 p.m. |- | '''31.04''' | '''BLAST MOVIES''' | [[Movie Central (Philippine TV channel)|Blast Movies]] | 6 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''31.05''' | '''Bilyonaryo News Channel''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[Pilipinas HD]] / [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DZOZ-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''33''' | rowspan="3" | '''587.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''33.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] | '''Light TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | rowspan="2" |16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="3" | Monday - Saturday: 8 a.m. - 8 p.m. <br /> Sunday: 7 a.m. - 8 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Still under test broadcast) (5 kW TPO; 25 kW ERP) |- | '''33.02''' | '''Light TV SD1''' | rowspan="1" | Light TV Promotional channel |- | '''33.31''' | '''Light TV 1seg''' | rowspan="1" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWAO-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''38''' | rowspan="5" | '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''55.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Progressive Broadcasting Corporation]] and [[Information Broadcast Unlimited]] | '''UNTV''' | [[UNTV (Philippines)|UNTV]] | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="5" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW) (poor signal transmission) |- | '''55.02''' | '''STV''' | [[STV (Philippines)|STV]] / currently mirror feed from [[UNTV (Philippines)|UNTV]] | rowspan="2" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] |- | '''55.03''' | '''TRUTH CHANNEL''' | [[Truth Channel]] |- | '''55.04''' | '''UNTV Reserve''' | {{n/a|Blank feed}} | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | {{n/a|Black screen}} |- | '''55.31''' | '''UNTV 1SEG''' | [[UNTV (Philippines)|UNTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="2" |[[DWDE-TV]] | rowspan="2" |'''42''' | rowspan="2" |'''641.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''42.01''' | rowspan="2" |[[Brigada Mass Media Corporation]] | '''BRIGADA TV-HD''' | Brigada TV | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 4:00 a.m to 12:30 a.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''42.02''' | '''BRIGADA TV-SD''' | [[DWBM-FM|105.1 Brigada News FM Mega Manila]] | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="4" |[[DWVN-DTV]] | rowspan="4" |'''45''' | rowspan="4" |'''659.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''45.01''' | rowspan="4" |[[Gateway UHF Television Broadcasting]] and [[Global Satellite Technology Services]] | '''Hope Phil''' | rowspan="3" | [[Hope Channel Philippines]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="4" | 24 hours | rowspan="4" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Still under test broadcast) (3.5 kW) (poor signal transmission) |- | '''45.02''' | '''Hope Intl''' | rowspan="3"| 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''45.03''' | '''Hope Live''' |- | '''45.04''' | '''OMN SD''' | [[One Media Network]] |- | rowspan="3" |[[DZCE-TV]] | rowspan="3" |'''49''' | rowspan="3" |'''683.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''01.01''' | rowspan="3" |[[Christian Era Broadcasting Service International]] | '''INC TV HD''' | rowspan="3" | [[DZCE-TV|INC TV]] | rowspan="2" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 4 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (10kW) |- | '''01.02''' | '''INC TV HD1''' |- | '''01.03''' | '''INC TV SD''' | rowspan="1" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWNB-TV|DWNB-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''51''' | rowspan="5" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (Mirror feed from DTT-18) (5.5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ==Luzon== ===Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)=== ===Benguet=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="2" | [[DZHB-TV|DZHB-DTV]] | rowspan="2" | '''17''' | rowspan="2" | '''491.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''17.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''IBC''' | [[DZHB-TV|IBC 13]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 11:00 p.m. <br /> Weekends: 7:00 a.m. – 10:00 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (1 kW TPO/10 kW ERP) |- | '''17.02''' | '''Congress TV''' | [[Congress TV]] | rowspan="1" | 9:00 a.m. – 9:00 p.m. |- | rowspan="3" | [[DZBS-TV|DZBS-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''19''' | rowspan="3" | '''503.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''19.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN''' | [[DZBS-TV|RPN Baguio]] | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | (Test broadcast 5 kW TPO/30 kW ERP) |- | '''19.02''' | rowspan="1" | [[Radio Philippines Network]], [[Nine Media Corporation]] and [[Cignal TV]] | '''RPTV''' | [[RPTV (TV channel)|RPTV]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m – midnight |- | '''19.06''' | rowspan="1" | [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN 1seg''' | RPN Baguio Relay | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8" | [[DWHB-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''26''' | rowspan="8" | '''545.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) |'''26.01''' | rowspan="8" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | rowspan="2"|[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 4 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" | Fully migrated from analog to digital <br> Commercial broadcast (5 kW TPO/25kW ERP) |- | '''26.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | 6 a.m. - midnight |- | '''26.03''' | '''Knowledge Channel''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3"| [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 6 a.m. to 11 p.m. |- | '''26.04''' | '''BEAM CINEMA''' | [[Beam Cinema (Philippine TV network)|Beam Cinema]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''26.05''' | '''Bilyonaryo News Channel''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="3" | Daily: 5 a.m. - midnight |- | '''26.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''26.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''26.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="1" | DWAY-DTV | rowspan="1" |'''30''' | rowspan="1" | '''569.143&nbsp;kW''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''ALL TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (10 kW TPO and 60 kW ERP) |- | rowspan="3" | DWOZ-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''32''' | rowspan="3" | '''581.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''32.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:15 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (10 kW TPO/30 kW ERP) |- | '''32.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. – 9 p.m. |- | '''32.31''' | '''A2Z OneSeg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:15 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DZEA-TV|DZEA-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''38''' | rowspan="7" | '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''10.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DZEA-TV|GMA Dagupan/Baguio]] | rowspan="6" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (15 kW TPO/90 kW ERP) |- | '''10.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''10.11''' | rowspan="1" {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Black Screen}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''10.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[DZEA-TV|GMA Dagupan/Baguio Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[D-8-XM-TV|D-8-XM-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''42''' | rowspan="5" | '''641.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) |'''4.01''' | rowspan="5" |[[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV Cordillera''' | [[D-8-XM-TV|PTV Cordillera]] | rowspan="1" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''4.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''4.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 5 a.m. – 8 p.m. |- | '''4.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV Program)|PTV Sports]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- | '''4.05''' | '''PTV 1seg''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="4" | [[DWFB-DTV]] | rowspan="4" |'''44''' | rowspan="4" |'''653.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Luzon) | '''44.01''' | rowspan="3" |[[Global Satellite Technology Services]] | '''GNN North Luzon''' | [[GNN North Luzon]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] (sometimes [[720p]] [[HDTV]]) | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="4" | Fully migrated from analog to digital / Test Broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''44.02''' | '''RNG TV''' | Highland TV / RNG Luzon |- | '''44.03''' | '''Golf TV''' | [[Golden Nation Network|Golf Channel]] |- | '''44.04''' | rowspan="1"|[[Global Satellite Technology Services]] and [[Gateway UHF Television Broadcasting]] | '''Hope Channel Philippines''' | [[Hope Channel Philippines]] |- | rowspan="3" | DWDM-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''46''' | rowspan="3" | '''665.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Luzon) | '''25.02''' | rowspan="3" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25''' | [[Net 25]] | rowspan="2" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''25.03''' | '''INC TV''' | [[INC TV]] |- | '''25.35''' | '''EAGLE FM''' | [[DWDM-FM|Eagle FM]] | {{n/a|ISDB-T RADIO}} |- | rowspan="5" | [[DZET-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''51''' | rowspan="5" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DZET-TV|TV5 Baguio Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00 a.m. - 1:45 a.m. (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Mountain Province=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DZVG-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''29''' | rowspan="7" | '''563.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cordillera and Cagayan Valley) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | GMA Mountain Province | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | rowspan="1" {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Black Screen}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''5.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | GMA Mountain Province Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Region I (Ilocos Region)=== ===Ilocos Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWTE-TV|DWTE-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Laoag and Ilocos Norte) |'''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday - Saturday 8:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) / Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | Monday to Sunday: 6 a.m. – midnight |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Ilocos Norte Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[D-5-AS-TV|D-5-AS-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''24''' | rowspan="7" | '''533.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Laoag and Ilocos Norte) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Ilocos Norte]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10&nbsp;kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | Test broadcast |- | '''5.21''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Ilocos Norte Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" |DWLJ-DTV | rowspan="5" |'''40''' | rowspan="5" |'''629.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Laoag and Ilocos Norte) | rowspan="5" | [[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''29.21''' | '''RJ DigiTV''' | RJ DigiTV Laoag | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Test broadcast 1 kW) |- | '''29.22''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | 24 Hours |- | '''29.23''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''29.24''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | RJ Rock TV | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''29.25''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="5"| D-11-ZV-DTV | rowspan="5"| '''42''' | rowspan="5"| '''641.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''4.01''' | rowspan="5"| [[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV Ilocos Norte''' | [[D-11-XM-TV|PTV Ilocos Norte]] | rowspan="1"| [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2"| Weekdays: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br> Weekends: 6 a.m. to 1 a.m. | rowspan="4"| Commercial broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''4.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''4.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 5 a.m. to 8 p.m. |- | '''4.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports Network]] | 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. |- | '''4.05''' | '''PTV 1SEG''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Ilocos Sur=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" |[[DWBC-TV|DWBC-DTV]] | rowspan="7" |'''15''' | rowspan="7" |'''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Vigan and Northern Luzon) |'''48.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DWBC-TV|GMA Ilocos Sur]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- |'''48.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''48.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''48.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' |[[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''48.05''' |'''I HEART MOVIES''' |[[I Heart Movies]] |- |'''48.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- |'''48.31''' |'''GMA 1SEG''' |[[DWBC-TV|GMA Ilocos Sur relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DWDI-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Vigan and Ilocos Sur) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Vigan]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Vigan Relay]] | 4:3 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DWTP-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''45''' | rowspan="5" | '''659.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Candon and Northern Luzon) | '''45.01''' | rowspan="5" | Tirad Pass Network | '''CTV''' | C.A.R LGU | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="5" | 5 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="5" | Test broadcast / Configuration testing (2.5 kW) |- | '''45.02''' | '''DZTP''' | [[DZTP]] | [[16:9]] [[720p]] [[HDTV]] |- | '''45.03''' | '''TPN''' | TPN | rowspan="3" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''45.04''' | '''ELYU TV''' | La Union LGU |- | '''45.05''' | '''CAB TV''' | CAB TV |- |} </div> ===Region II (Cagayan Valley)=== ===Batanes=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Cagayan=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel ![[Frequency]] ! width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DWZE-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tuguegarao and Cagayan) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tuguegarao]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tuguegarao Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DWRJ-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''29''' | rowspan="5" | '''563.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tuguegarao and Cagayan) | '''29.21''' | rowspan="5" | [[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''RJ DigiTV''' | RJ DigiTV Tuguegarao | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Test broadcast 1 kW) |- | '''29.22''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | 24 Hours |- | '''29.23''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''29.24''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | RJ Rock TV | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''29.25''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="7"| [[DWBB-TV|DWBB-DTV]] | rowspan="7"| '''33''' | rowspan="7"| '''587.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tuguegarao and Cagayan) | '''7.01''' | rowspan="7"| [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DWBB-TV|GMA Tuguegarao]] | rowspan="6"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''7.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1"| 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1"| Weekdays: 5 a.m. to midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2"| 6 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''7.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1"|Test broadcast |- | '''7.21''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | [[DWBB-TV|GMA Tuguegarao relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Isabela=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel ![[Frequency]] ! width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DWLE-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz ''' (Santiago, Isabela and Cagayan Valley) | '''7.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network]] | '''GMA''' | GMA Isabela | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''7.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" |Monday to Sunday: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. to midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. to midnight |- | '''7.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''7.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''7.31''' | '''GMA 1seg''' | GMA Isabela Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DWDH-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Santiago, Isabela and Cagayan Valley) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Isabela]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies'''''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Isabela Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Region III (Central Luzon)=== ===Pampanga=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="1" | DWAP-DTV | rowspan="1" |'''34''' | rowspan="1" |'''593.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Pampanga and Central Luzon) | '''34.01''' | rowspan="1" |[[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]] | '''ALL TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- | rowspan="1" | [[DWRW-TV|DWRW-DTV]] | rowspan="1" |'''36''' | rowspan="1" |'''605.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Pampanga and Central Luzon) |'''36.01''' | rowspan="1" |[[Central Luzon Television|RadioWorld Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''CLTV 36''' | [[Central Luzon Television]] | rowspan="1" |16:9 [[720p]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1"| Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. - 10:30 p.m. | rowspan="1" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (2.5 kW) |- | rowspan="4" | [[DWFU-DTV]] | rowspan="4" |'''44''' | rowspan="4" |'''653.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Pampanga) |'''44.01''' | rowspan="3" |Infomax Television and [[Global Satellite Technology Services]] | '''GNN''' | GNN Pampanga |[[DWFU-DTV]] | rowspan="4" |4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="4" | 5:00 a.m. to midnight | rowspan="4" | Fully migrated from analog to digital Test Broadcast/Configuration Testing (500 watts) |- |'''44.02''' | '''GNN Central Luzon''' |{{n/a|Black Screen}} |- |'''44.03''' |'''Golf TV''' | [[One Media Network|Golf Channel]] |- |'''44.04''' | rowspan="1" | [[Global Satellite Technology Services]] and [[Gateway UHF Broadcasting]] | '''Hope Channel Phils''' | [[Hope Channel Philippines]] |- |} </div> ===Tarlac=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DZJA-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tarlac City and Central Luzon) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tarlac Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="1" | DWAL-DTV | rowspan="1" | '''34''' | rowspan="1" | '''593.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tarlac City and Central Luzon) |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] | '''All TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV|All TV Tarlac Relay]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- |} </div> ===Zambales=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Olongapo City, Bataan and Zambales) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Olongapo]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Olongapo Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" |[[DWNS-TV|DWNS-DTV]] | rowspan="7" |'''38''' | rowspan="7" |'''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Olongapo City, Bataan and Zambales) |'''10.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DWNS-TV|GMA Olongapo]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- |'''10.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''10.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' |[[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''10.06''' |'''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- |'''10.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- |'''10.31''' |'''GMA 1Seg''' |GMA Olongapo Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Region IV-A (Calabarzon)=== ===Batangas=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" |[[D-12-ZB-TV|D-12-ZB-DTV]] | rowspan="7" |'''32''' | rowspan="7" |'''581.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Batangas and Calabarzon) |'''12.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[D-12-ZB-TV|GMA Batangas]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- |'''12.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' |[[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''12.06''' |'''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- |'''12.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- |'''12.31''' |'''GMA 1-Seg''' |[[D-12-ZB-TV|GMA Batangas Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8"| DWAG-DTV | rowspan="8"| '''36''' | rowspan="8"| '''605.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Batangas and CALABARZON) | '''36.01''' | rowspan="8"| Sphere Entertainment, Inc. and [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME ''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Sunday 4:00 a.m. – 10:30 p.m. | rowspan="8"| Fully migrated from Analog to Digital <br> (Commercial broadcast 5 kW TPO/25 kW ERP) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1"| 6 a.m. to midnight | rowspan="1"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.03''' | '''KNOWLEDGE CHANNEL''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="1"| 6 a.m. to 11 p.m. | rowspan="3"| [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.04''' | '''BEAM CINEMA''' | [[Beam Cinema (Philippine TV network)|Beam Cinema]] | rowspan="1"| 6 a.m. to midnight |- | '''31.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4"|5 a.m. to midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"|[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="1" | DWAV-DTV | rowspan="1" | '''46''' | rowspan="1" | '''665.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Batangas and Calabarzon) |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] | '''All TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. - midnight (the next day) | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast / Configuration Testing (10 kW TPO/30 kW ERP) |- | rowspan="5" | DWBD-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''51''' | rowspan="5" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Batangas and Calabarzon) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Batangas]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Batangas Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Quezon Province=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Lucena City and Quezon) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Lucena]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One PH]] | 6 a.m – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Lucena Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="3" | '''51''' | rowspan="3" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Lucena City and Quezon) | '''25.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25''' | [[Net 25]] | rowspan="2" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW)<br>Interference with DWBD-TV TV5 Batangas DTT on UHF 51. |- | '''25.02''' | '''INC TV''' | [[INC TV]] |- | '''25.03''' | '''Eagle FM''' | [[DWDM-FM|Eagle FM]] | {{n/a|ISDB-T RADIO}} |- |} </div> ===Rizal=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Region IV-B (Mimaropa)=== ===Occidental Mindoro=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | D-13-ZR-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Occidental Mindoro) | '''13.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)| GMA Network]] | '''GMA''' | GMA Occidental Mindoro | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br/> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''13.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''13.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''13.11''' | {{n/a|'''UNNAMED'''}} | {{n/a|Black screen}} | {{TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''13.31''' | '''GMA 1seg''' | GMA Occidental Mindoro Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (San Jose, and Occidental Mindoro) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 San Jose Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Palawan=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DYPU-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Puerto Princesa and Palawan) | '''12.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network]] | '''GMA''' | GMA Palawan | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: <br> 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''12.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''12.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''12.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''12.31''' | '''GMA 1seg''' | GMA Palawan Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DWDD-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Puerto Princesa and Palawan) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Nation Broadcasting Corporation]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Puerto Princesa]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Puerto Princesa Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:30 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="1" | DWDW-DTV | rowspan="1" |'''38''' | rowspan="1" | '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Puerto Princesa and Palawan) | '''38.01''' | rowspan="1" |[[Bandera News Philippines]] (Fairwaves Broadcasting Network) | '''Bandera News TV''' | [[Bandera News Philippines|Bandera News TV]] | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1"| Daily 4:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (500 watts) |- |} </div> ===Romblon=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |- | rowspan="4" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="4" | '''18''' | rowspan="4" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tablas, Romblon) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and [[Cignal TV]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Romblon]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="3" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' |[[Cignal TV]] and [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPTV''' | RPTV | 6 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | rowspan="2" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and [[Cignal TV]] | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday - Saturday 8:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) / Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Romblon Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday, Tuesday, Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Wednesday, Thursday 5:00 a.m. - 12:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:30 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Region V (Bicol Region)=== ===Albay=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DWLB-TV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Legazpi City and Albay) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Legazpi]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Legazpi Relay]] | 4:3 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DZPN-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''39''' | rowspan="5" | '''623.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Legazpi City and Albay) | '''4.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV Legazpi''' | [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) – Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''4.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''4.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas]] | 5 a.m. – 8 p.m. |- | '''4.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- | '''4.05''' | '''PTV 1SEG''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | [[4:3]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) / Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DWLA-TV|DWLA-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''41''' | rowspan="7" | '''635.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Legazpi City and Albay) |'''12.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DWLA-TV|GMA Legazpi]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''12.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''12.12''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''12.35''' | '''GMA1SEG''' | [[DWLA-TV|GMA Legazpi Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Camarines Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Camarines Sur=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="8" | [[DWHC-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''32''' | rowspan="8" | '''571.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Naga and Camarines Sur) |'''32.01''' | rowspan="8" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] |[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 4 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="8" |Fully migrated from analog to digital <br> Commercial broadcast (5 kW TPO/25kW ERP) |- | '''32.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1"|[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 6 a.m. - midnight |- | '''32.03''' | '''Knowledge Channel''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3"|[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 6 a.m. – 11 p.m. |- | '''32.04''' | '''BEAM BOX OFFICE''' | [[Beam Cinema (Philippine TV network)|Beam Cinema]] | 6 a.m. to midnight |- | '''32.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | RESERVED | rowspan="3" |Daily: 5:30 a.m. - midnight |- | '''32.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"| 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''32.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''32.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | RESERVED | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DWAI-TV]] | rowspan="7" | '''38''' | rowspan="7" | '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Naga and Camarines Sur) |'''7.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DWAI-TV|GMA Naga]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''7.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''7.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''7.35''' | '''GMA1SEG''' | [[DWAI-TV|GMA Naga Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWMA-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''46''' | rowspan="5" | '''665.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Naga) | '''8.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV HD1''' | rowspan="1"| [[DWMA-TV|PTV Bicol]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''8.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''8.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas TV]] | 5 a.m. – 8 p.m. |- | '''8.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- | '''8.05''' | '''PTV 1seg''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) <br/> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="3" | '''47''' | rowspan="3" | '''671.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Naga) | '''25.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25''' | [[Net 25]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''25.02''' | '''INCTV''' | [[INCTV]] | 16:9 [[720p]] [[HDTV]] |- | '''25.03''' | '''EAGLE FM''' | [[DWDM-FM|Eagle FM]] | {{n/a|ISDB-T RADIO}} |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWFA-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''48''' | rowspan="5" | '''677.143&nbsp;MHz''' <br/>(Metro Naga) |'''48.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Global Satellite Technology Services]] | '''GNN''' | rowspan="1" | [[Golden Nation Network]] Local Programs | rowspan="5" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''48.02''' | '''DepEd TV - Telearalan''' | rowspan="1" | [[DepEd TV]] Local Programs |- | '''48.03''' | '''LGU Naga''' | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Black Screen}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Configuration Testing}} |- | '''48.04''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 hours | Test Broadcast |- | '''48.05''' | '''Reserved Channel GNN Naga TV48''' | rowspan="1" | [[Golden Nation Network]] | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Black Screen}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Configuration Testing}} |- | rowspan="6" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="6" | '''50''' | rowspan="6" | '''689.143&nbsp;MHz''' ([[Nabua, Camarines Sur]]) |'''19.01''' | rowspan="6" | [[ Polytechnic State University of Bicol|PSUB]] and [[Philippine Collective Media Corporation|PCMC]] | '''PSUBTv''' | PSUB TV | rowspan="6" |[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="6" |9 a.m. - 8 p.m. | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''19.02''' | '''PSUB COHS''' | The TLC Channel |- | '''19.03''' | '''PSUB COBM''' | College of Business Management |- | '''19.04''' | '''PSUB COEAS''' | BigCAS Channel | rowspan="3" {{n/a|Configuration Testing}} |- | '''19.05''' | '''PSUB Graduate School''' | The Grad-Ed Channel |- | '''19.06''' | '''PSUB COE''' | College of Engineering |- | rowspan="5" | DWNA-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''51''' | rowspan="5" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Naga and Camarines Sur) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Nation Broadcasting Corporation]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Naga]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Naga Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Catanduanes=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Virac, Catanduanes) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Virac]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Virac Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="1" | DWAU-DTV | rowspan="1" | '''28''' | rowspan="1" | '''557.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Virac and Catanduanes) | '''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advance Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under local [[marketing agreement| blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]] | '''ALLTV HD''' | [[ALLTV]] | [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | Monday to Sunday 7:00 a.m. – midnight | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- | rowspan="7"| [[D-13-ZC-TV|D-13-ZC-DTV]] | rowspan="7"| '''38''' | rowspan="7"| '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Virac and Catanduanes) | '''13.01''' | rowspan="7"| [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[D-13-ZC-TV|GMA Catanduanes]] | rowspan="6" |[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''13.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" |Monday to Sunday: 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. to midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''13.11'' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1"| Test broadcast |- | '''13.21''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | [[D-13-ZC-TV|GMA Catanduanes relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Masbate=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="4" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="4" | '''18''' | rowspan="4" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Masbate and Bicol Region) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Masbate]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="3" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' |[[Cignal TV]] and [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPTV''' | RPTV | 6 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | rowspan="2" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday - Saturday 8:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) / Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Masbate Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday, Tuesday, Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. / Wednesday, Thursday 5:00 a.m. - 12:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:30 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Sorsogon=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DWSS-TV | rowspan="5" | '''51''' | rowspan="5" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Sorsogon and Bicol Region) |- | '''5.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Sorsogon]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="3" | Fully Mirgrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' |[[Cignal TV]] and [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPTV''' | RPTV | 6 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | rowspan="2" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday - Saturday 8:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) / Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Sorsogon Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday, Tuesday, Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. / Wednesday, Thursday 5:00 a.m. - 12:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:30 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ==Visayas== ===Region VI (Western Visayas)=== ===Aklan=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel ![[Frequency]] ! width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DYCJ-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Kalibo, Aklan and Western Visayas) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="4" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Kalibo]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4"| Test broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | Monday to Sunday: 6 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Kalibo Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Capiz=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | [[DYAM-TV|DYAM-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Roxas, Capiz and Western Visayas) | '''7.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DYAM-TV|GMA Roxas]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10&nbsp;kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | Test broadcast |- | '''5.21''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[DYAM-TV|GMA Roxas Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DYMD-TV|DYMD-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Roxas, Capiz) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Roxas]] | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (5&nbsp;kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Roxas Relay]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Iloilo=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Provisional Authority}} | rowspan="1" |'''16''' | rowspan="1" |'''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''16.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''ALL TV HD''' | rowspan="1" |[[All TV]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" |Monday to Sunday: 8:00 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="1" |Test broadcast (10 kW) |- | rowspan="2" | [[DYJB-TV]] | rowspan="2" | '''17''' | rowspan="2" | '''491.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''12.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''IBC''' | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC 13]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[HDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 11 p.m. <br /> Weekends: 7 a.m. - 10 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (3 kW) |- | '''12.02''' |'''Congress TV''' |[[Congress TV]] |9 a.m. – 9 p.m. |- | rowspan="5" | [[DYMB-TV|DYMB-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[DYMB-TV|TV5 Iloilo]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00 a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.31''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DYMB-TV|TV5 Iloilo Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | DYZA-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''20''' | rowspan="3" | '''509.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''20.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] by [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Iloilo]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (5.5 kW) |- | '''20.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. - 9 p.m. |- | '''20.22''' | '''A2Z 1Seg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Iloilo Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DYDY-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''23''' | rowspan="5" | '''527.143&nbsp;MHz''' <br/>(Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) |'''4.01''' | rowspan="5" |[[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV Iloilo''' | [[DYDY-TV|PTV Iloilo]] | rowspan="1" |16:9 [[1080i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="2" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- |'''4.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3"|[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- |'''4.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 5 a.m. – 8 p.m. |- | '''4.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- | '''4.05''' | '''PTV 1seg''' |[[People's Television Network|PTV]] |4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8" | [[DYRM-TV|DYRM-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''26''' | rowspan="8" | '''545.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''26.01''' | rowspan="8"| [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | rowspan="1" | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | rowspan="2" |[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 4 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="7" | Fully migrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''26.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast Sports]] | 6 a.m – midnight (the next day) |- | '''26.03''' | '''Knowledge Channel''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3"|[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. - 11 p.m. |- | '''26.04''' | '''BEAM CINEMA''' | [[Beam Cinema (Philippine TV network)|Beam Cinema]] | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''26.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="3"| 5 a.m. - midnight |- | '''26.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''26.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''26.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DYXX-TV]] | rowspan="7" | '''29''' | rowspan="7" | '''563.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''6.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DYXX-TV|GMA Iloilo]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''6.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''6.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''6.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''6.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''6.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''6.31''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | [[DYXX-TV|GMA Iloilo Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="2" | DYOK-TV | rowspan="2" | '''43''' | rowspan="2" | '''647.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo) | '''0.21''' | rowspan="2" | [[Manila Broadcasting Company]] | '''DZRH NEWS TV''' | rowspan="2" | [[DZRH News Television]] | 16:9 [[480p]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 24 Hours | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''0.31''' | '''DZRH NEWS TV 1seg''' | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Negros Occidental=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DYGM-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Murcia Negros Occidental and Western Visayas) | '''13.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Murcia]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''13.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''13.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''13.31''' | '''GMA1SEG''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Murcia Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="1" |[[Advance Media Broadcasting System|DYAG-DTV]] | rowspan="1" | '''16''' | rowspan="1" | '''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Bacolod and Negros Occidental) |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''All TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV|All TV Bacolod]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday - 7 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast / Configuration Testing (10kW) |- | rowspan="5" |[[DYTE-TV|DYTE-DTV]] | rowspan="5" |'''18''' | rowspan="5" |'''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Bacolod and Negros Occidental) |'''5.01''' | rowspan="4" |[[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' |[[DYTE-TV|TV5 Bacolod]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- |'''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- |'''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday - Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.05''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DYTE-TV|TV5 Bacolod Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DYKB-TV|DYKB-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''19''' | rowspan="3" | '''503.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Bacolod and Negros Occidental) | '''19.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN''' | [[DYKB-TV|RPN Bacolod]] | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (5 kW TPO/10 kW) |- | '''19.02''' | rowspan="1" |[[Radio Philippines Network]], [[Nine Media Corporation]] and [[Cignal TV]] | '''RPTV''' | [[RPTV (TV channel)|RPTV]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''19.06''' | rowspan="1" |[[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN 1seg''' | RPN Bacolod relay | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | DYEC-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''22''' | rowspan="3" | '''521.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Bacolod and Negros Occidental) | '''22.01''' | rowspan="3" |[[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Bacolod]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m – 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5 a.m. – 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sunday: 5 a.m. – 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (5.5 kW) |- | '''22.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. – 9 p.m. |- | '''22.22''' | '''A2Z 1seg''' | [[A2Z TV (channel)|A2Z Bacolod relay]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. – 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6 a.m. – 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sunday: 6 a.m. – 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="2" | DYEZ-TV | rowspan="2" | '''39''' | rowspan="2" | '''623.143&nbsp;MHz'''<br/>(Metro Bacolod) | '''39.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Manila Broadcasting Company]] | '''DZRH TV''' | rowspan="2" | [[DZRH News Television]] | 16:9 [[480p]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 24 Hours | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''39.31''' | '''DZRH TV 1seg''' | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DWGM-TV]] | rowspan="7" | '''44''' | rowspan="7" | '''653.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Bacolod and Negros Occidental) | '''13.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Bacolod]] | rowspan="6" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- |'''13.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" |5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''13.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''13.31''' | '''GMA1SEG''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Bacolod Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Region VII (Central Visayas)=== ===Bohol=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Cebu=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="1" | [[Advance Media Broadcasting System|DYAE-DTV]] | rowspan="1" | '''16''' | rowspan="1" | '''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operating under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''All TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV|ALL TV Cebu]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast / Configuration Testing (10 kW TPO/30 kW ERP) |- | rowspan="2" | DYTV-TV | rowspan="2" | '''17''' | rowspan="2" | '''491.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) | '''13.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''IBC''' | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC 13]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[HDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 11 p.m. <br /> Weekends: 7 a.m. - 10 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (3 kW) |- |'''13.02''' |'''Congress TV''' |[[Congress TV]] |9 a.m. – 9 p.m. |- | rowspan="5" | [[DYET-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) |'''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[DYET-TV|TV5 Cebu]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | |- |'''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- |'''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday – Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DYET-TV|TV5 Cebu Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | DYNZ-DTV | rowspan="3" |'''20''' | rowspan="3" |'''509.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) | '''20.01''' | rowspan="3" |[[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Cebu]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (5.5 kW) |- | '''20.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. - 9 p.m. |- | '''20.22''' | '''A2Z 1Seg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Cebu Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="4" |DYGA-DTV | rowspan="4" |'''25''' | rowspan="4" |'''539.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) | '''25.01''' | rowspan="4" |[[Gateway UHF Television Broadcasting]] and [[Global Satellite Technology Services]] | '''Hope Cebu''' | rowspan="4" | [[Hope Channel Philippines]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480p]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="4" | 6 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="4" | Fully migrated from analog to digital / Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''25.02''' | '''Hope Philippines''' |- | '''25.03''' | '''Hope International''' |- | '''25.04''' | ''' AWR ''' |- | rowspan="7" |[[DYSS-TV]] | rowspan="7" |'''26''' | rowspan="7" |'''545.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) |'''7.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DYSS-TV|GMA Cebu]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- |'''7.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" |5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight |- |'''7.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' |[[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- |'''7.06''' |'''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- |'''7.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- |'''7.31''' |'''GMA 1SEG''' |[[DYSS-TV|GMA Cebu Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8" | [[DYCT-TV]] | rowspan="8" | '''31''' | rowspan="8" | '''575.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) | '''31.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | rowspan="2" |[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 4 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="7" |Fully migrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.03''' | '''KNOWLEDGE CHANNEL''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3" |[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – 11 p.m. |- | '''31.04''' | '''BEAM CINEMA''' | [[Beam Cinema (Philippine TV network)|Beam Cinema]] | rowspan="1"| 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4"| 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="2" | DYWF-DTV | rowspan="2" | '''36''' | rowspan="2" | '''605.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu) | '''36.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Brigada Mass Media Corporation]] | '''BRIGADA TV-HD''' | Brigada TV Cebu | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 4 a.m. – 12:30 a.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (500 watts) |- | '''36.02''' | '''BRIGADA TV-SD''' | [[DYAC-FM|90.7 Brigada News FM Cebu]] | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DYPT-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''42''' | rowspan="5" | '''641.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu) | '''04.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV HD1''' |[[DYPT-TV|PTV Cebu]] | rowspan="1" | [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- |'''04.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3"| 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''04.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 5 a.m. – 8 p.m. |- | '''04.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- | '''04.05''' | '''PTV 1seg''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="2" | [[DYBU-DTV]] | rowspan="2" | '''43''' | rowspan="2" | '''647.143&nbsp;MHz'''<br/>(Metro Cebu) | '''43.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Manila Broadcasting Company]] | '''DZRH TV''' | rowspan="2" | [[DZRH News Television]] | 16:9 [[480p]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 24 hours | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''43.31''' | '''DZRH TV 1seg''' | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DYFX-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''49''' | rowspan="3" | '''683.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu) | '''25.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25''' | [[Net 25]] | rowspan="2" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Still under test broadcast) (1 kW) |- | '''25.02''' | '''INC TV''' | [[INC TV]] |- | '''25.03''' | '''Eagle FM''' | [[DWDM-FM|Eagle FM]] | {{n/a|ISDB-T RADIO}} |} </div> ===Negros Oriental=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Dumaguete and Negros Oriental) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="4" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Dumaguete]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (5&nbsp;kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Dumaguete Relay]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[D-5-YB-TV|D-5-YB-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''22''' | rowspan="7" | '''521.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Dumaguete and Negros Oriental) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network]] | '''GMA''' | GMA Dumaguete | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''5.31''' | '''GMA1SEG''' | GMA Dumaguete relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Region VIII (Eastern Visayas)=== ===Eastern Samar=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Leyte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''21''' | rowspan="5" | '''515.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tacloban City and Eastern Visayas) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]] and Mediascape, Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tacloban]] | rowspan="4" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday – Friday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:00 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tacloban relay]] | [[4:3]] [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. – 1:00 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (, the next day) |- | rowspan="7" | DYCL-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''34''' | rowspan="7" | '''593.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tacloban City and Eastern Visayas) | '''10.01''' | rowspan="6" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Tacloban City]] | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="7" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''10.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''10.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''10.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Tacloban City Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: <br /> 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DYPR-TV (Tacloban)|DYPR-TV]] | rowspan="3" | '''50''' | rowspan="3" | '''689.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tacloban City) | '''27.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[Philippine Collective Media Corporation]] | '''PRTV TACLOBAN''' | [[DYPR-TV (Tacloban)|PRTV TACLOBAN]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday - Sunday: 6 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast/Configuration testing (2 kW) |- | '''27.02''' | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tacloban]] | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday, Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday: 5:00 a.m. - 12:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday: 6:30&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) / Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''27.03''' | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Tacloban]] ([[ZOE TV]]) | 16:9 [[720p]] [[HDTV]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. - 12:15 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 6 a.m. - 11:45 p.m. <br /> Sundays: 6 a.m. - 11:30 p.m. |- |} </div> ===Western Samar=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ==Mindanao== ===Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula)=== ===Zamboanga del Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | [[D-4-XT-TV|D-4-XT-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''46''' | rowspan="7" | '''665.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Dipolog and Zamboanga del Norte) | '''4.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network]] | '''GMA''' | [[D-4-XT-TV|GMA Dipolog]] | rowspan="6" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''4.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m – midnight (the next day) |- | '''4.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''4.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''4.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''4.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNAMMED)'''}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | Test broadcast |- | '''4.31''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | [[D-4-XT-TV|GMA Dipolog relay]] | [[4:3]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | 1seg |- |} </div> ===Zamboanga del Sur=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Zamboanga Sibugay=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Zamboanga City=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel ![[Frequency]] ! width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DXMZ-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Peninsula) |'''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Zamboanga]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- |'''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- |'''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Zamboanga Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:30 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8" | [[DXBE-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''31''' | rowspan="8" | '''575.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Peninsula) | '''31.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | rowspan="1" | [[Prime TV (TV channel)|PRTV Prime]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" | Fully migrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[TAP Sports#Blast Sports|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. to midnight |- | '''31.03''' | '''KNOWLEDGE CHANNEL''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. to 11 p.m. |- | '''31.04''' | '''BLAST MOVIES''' | [[Movie Central (Philippine TV channel)|Blast Movies]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="2" | [[DXAX-TV|DXAX-DTV]] | rowspan="2" | '''40''' | rowspan="2" | '''629.143&nbsp;MHz'''<br/>(Zamboanga City) | '''0.01''' | rowspan="2" | Westwind Broadcasting Corporation & [[eMedia Productions|eMedia Production Network]] | '''eMedia Digital TV''' | [[EMedia Productions|eMedia]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 4:45&nbsp;a.m. – 9:30&nbsp;p.m. | Fully migrated from analog to digital (1 kW) |- | '''0.02''' | '''ALLTV''' | [[All TV|ALL TV Zamboanga]] | Manila feed | Manila feed |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXLA-TV|DXLA-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''41''' | rowspan="7" | '''635.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Peninsula) |'''9.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DXLA-TV|GMA Zamboanga]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- |'''9.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" |5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''9.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''9.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''9.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- |'''9.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | Test broadcast |- | '''9.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | GMA Zamboanga Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DXZJ-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''45''' | rowspan="5" | '''659.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Peninsula) | '''29.21''' | rowspan="5" | [[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''RJ DigiTV''' | RJ DigiTV Zamboanga | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Test broadcast 1 kW) |- | '''29.22''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | 24 Hours |- | '''29.23''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] | 5 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''29.24''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | RJ Rock TV | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''29.25''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="6" | [[DXGB-TV|DXGB-DTV]] | rowspan="6" | '''51''' | rowspan="6" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Peninsula) | '''51.01''' | rowspan="6" | [[Golden Broadcast Professionals|Golden Broadcasting Professionals Inc.]] | '''GBPI HD''' | [[Golden Broadcast Professionals|Golden Broadcasting Professionals Inc.]]/[[DXGB-TV]] | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[720p]] [[SDTV]] | 5:00&nbsp;a.m. – 11:30&nbsp;p.m. | rowspan="1" | Test Broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''51.02''' | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5]] | rowspan="4" | Manila feed | rowspan="4" | Test Broadcast (Mirror feed from DTT-18) |- | '''51.03''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] |- | '''51.04''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] |- | '''51.05''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] |- | '''51.31''' | '''GBPI TV11one seg ''' |[[Golden Broadcast Professionals|Golden Broadcasting Professionals Inc.]]/[[DXGB-TV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | 5:00&nbsp;a.m. – 11:30&nbsp;p.m. | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Region X (Northern Mindanao)=== ===Bukidnon=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DXWK-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''44''' | rowspan="7" | '''653.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Bukidnon and Northern Mindanao) | '''12.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[GMA Network|GMA Bukidnon]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''12.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''12.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''12.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Bukidnon Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Lanao del Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Iligan City and Lanao del Norte) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network, Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Iligan]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:00 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5:00 a.m. – 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6:00 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.31''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Iligan Relay]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXRV-TV|DXRV-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''33''' | rowspan="7" | '''587.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Iligan City and Lanao del Norte) | '''11.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Iligan]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''11.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''11.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br> Weekends 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''11.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''11.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''11.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''11.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Iligan Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Misamis Occidental=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXGM-TV|DXGM-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Ozamiz and Misamis Occidental) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DXGM-TV|GMA Ozamiz]] | rowspan="6" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | Test broadcast |- | '''5.31''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | [[DXGM-TV|GMA Ozamiz relay]] | [[4:3]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Misamis Oriental=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel ![[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="1" | DXAL-DTV | rowspan="1" | '''16''' | rowspan="1" | '''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''All TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV|All TV Cagayan de Oro]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast / Configuration Testing (10kW) |- | rowspan="5" | [[DXTE-TV|DXTE-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) |'''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[DXTE-TV|TV5 Cagayan de Oro]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DXTE-TV|TV5 Cagayan de Oro Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DXEV-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''20''' | rowspan="3" | '''509.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan De Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) | '''20.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Cagayan De Oro]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (5.5 kW) |- | '''20.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. - 9 p.m. |- | '''20.22''' | '''A2Z 1Seg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Cagayan De Oro Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 6 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DXRJ-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''31''' | rowspan="5" | '''575.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) | '''29.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''RJTV''' | [[DXRJ-DTV|RJTV]] | rowspan="5" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. to 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from Analog to Digital (Test broadcast 5 kW) |- | '''29.02''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | rowspan="2" | 5 a.m. to midnight |- | '''29.03''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] |- | '''29.04''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | [[DZRJ-FM#Rock MNL|Rock MNL]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. to 2 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''29.05''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="8" | [[DXVM-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''33''' | rowspan="8" | '''587.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) | '''31.01''' | rowspan="8" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | rowspan="1" | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 4 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[TAP Sports#Blast Sports|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.03''' | '''KNOWLEDGE CHANNEL''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – 11 p.m. |- | '''31.04''' | '''BLAST MOVIES''' | [[Movie Central (Philippine TV channel)|Blast Movies]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''31.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXJC-TV|DXJC-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''47''' | rowspan="7" | '''671.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) |'''12.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[GMA Network|GMA Cagayan de Oro]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''12.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''12.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | Test broadcast |- | '''12.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Cagayan de Oro Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | DXJG-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''51''' | rowspan="3" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro and Misamis Oriental) | '''51.01''' | rowspan="3" | Westwind Broadcasting Corporation | '''JAO DIGITAL TV''' | Jao TV | rowspan="3" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="3" | Monday - Sunday 6 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast/Configuration Testing (Poor signal transmission) |- | '''51.02''' | '''NOA TV''' | Acosta Reality Channel |- | '''51.03''' | '''DTV3 CH51''' | Videoke Test Feed |- |} </div> ===Region XI (Davao Region)=== ===Davao Region=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="1" | DXAK-DTV | rowspan="1" | '''16''' | rowspan="1" | '''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[Local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''ALLTV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[ALLTV]] | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[HDTV]] | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. to midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (10 kW) |- | rowspan="2" | [[DXTV-TV]] | rowspan="2" | '''17''' | rowspan="2" | '''491.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''17.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''IBC 13''' | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC 13]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[HDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 11 p.m. <br /> Weekends: 7 a.m. - 10 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (3 kW) |- |'''17.02''' |'''Congress TV''' |[[Congress TV]] |9 a.m. – 9 p.m. |- | rowspan="5" |[[DXET-TV|DXET-DTV]] | rowspan="5" |'''18''' | rowspan="5" |'''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" |[[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' |[[DXET-TV|TV5 Davao]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''OnePH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DXET-TV|TV5 Davao Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | DXEX-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''20''' | rowspan="3" | '''509.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''20.01''' | rowspan="3" |[[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Davao]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 p.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (5.5 kW) |- | rowspan="1" |'''20.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. - 9 p.m. |- | rowspan="1" |'''20.22''' | '''A2Z 1Seg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Davao Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 6 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 6 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="5"| [[DXRS-TV|DXRJ-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''28''' | rowspan="5" | '''557.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''29.21''' | rowspan="5" | [[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''RJ DigiTV''' | [[DXRS-TV|RJ DigiTV Davao]] | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Test broadcast; 1 kW) |- | '''29.22''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | 24 Hours |- | '''29.23''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] | 5 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''29.24''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | RJ Rock TV | 5 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''29.25''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="8"| [[DXKC-DTV]] | rowspan="8"| '''31''' | rowspan="8" |'''575.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''31.01''' | rowspan="8" |[[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | rowspan="1" | [[PRTV (Philippine TV channel)|PRTV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 4 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" |Fully migrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[TAP Sports#Blast Sports|Blast Sports]] | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.03''' | '''Knowledge Channel''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="2"|[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. - 11 p.m. |- | '''31.04''' | '''BLAST MOVIES''' | [[Movie Central (Philippine TV channel)|Blast Movies]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''31.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | TV Shop Philippines | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="7" |[[DXMJ-TV|DXMJ-DTV]] | rowspan="7" |'''37''' | rowspan="7" |'''611.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DXMJ-TV|GMA Davao]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (15 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''5.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' |[[DXMJ-TV|GMA Davao Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | DXSQ-DTV | '''38''' | '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Digos City) | '''38.01''' | [[Sagay Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''Kakampi TV''' | Kakampi TV | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 24 hours | Test broadcast (500 watts Low power signal) |- | rowspan="5" |[[DXNP-TV|DXNP-DTV]] | rowspan="5" |'''45''' | rowspan="5" |'''659.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao) | '''11.01''' | rowspan="5" |[[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV SD1''' |[[DXNP-TV|PTV Davao]] | rowspan="1" |[[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''11.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- |'''11.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 5 a.m. to 8 p.m. |- |'''11.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports Network]] | 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. |- |'''11.05''' | '''PTV 1seg''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | [[4:3]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DXED-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''49''' | rowspan="3" | '''683.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao) | '''25.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25''' | [[Net 25]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''25.02''' | '''INCTV''' | [[INCTV]] | 16:9 [[720p]] [[HDTV]] |- | '''25.03''' | '''EAGLE FM''' | [[DWDM-FM|Eagle FM]] | {{n/a|ISDB-T RADIO}} |- |} </div> ===Region XII (Soccsksargen)=== ===Cotabato=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===South Cotabato=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" |[[DXER-TV|DXER-DTV]] | rowspan="5" |'''18''' | rowspan="5" |'''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (General Santos City and Soccsksargen) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" |[[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' |[[DXTE-TV|TV5 General Santos]] | rowspan="4" |16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" |Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4"|Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DXER-TV|TV5 General Santos Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXBG-TV|DXBG-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''34''' | rowspan="7" | '''593.143&nbsp;MHz''' (General Santos City and Soccsksargen) | '''8.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DXBG-TV|GMA General Santos]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''8.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''8.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''8.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''8.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''8.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''8.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[DXBG-TV|GMA General Santos Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="2" |[[DXBC-TV|DXYM-DTV]] | rowspan="2" |'''37''' | rowspan="2" |'''611.143&nbsp;MHz''' (General Santos City) |'''37.01''' | rowspan="2" |[[Brigada Mass Media Corporation]] and [[Baycomms Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''Brigada News TV''' | rowspan="2" | Brigada TV | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 4:30 a.m. - midnight | Test broadcast (500 watts) |- | '''37.31''' | '''Brigada News TV 1seg''' | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8" | '''DXAH-DTV''' | rowspan="8" | '''51''' | rowspan="8" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (General Santos City and Soccsksargen) | '''51.01''' | rowspan="8" | Sphere Entertainment, Inc. and [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 4 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" | Fully migrated from Analog to Digital <br /> Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''51.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''51.03''' | '''KNOWLEDGE CHANNEL''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – 11 p.m. |- | '''51.04''' | '''BLAST MOVIES''' | [[Movie Central (Philippine TV channel)|Blast Movies]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''51.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''51.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''51.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''51.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- |} </div> ===Region XIII (Caraga Region)=== ===Agusan del Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXSB-TV|DXSB-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Butuan City and Caraga) |'''26.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Butuan]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''26.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''26.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''26.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' |[[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''26.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''26.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''26.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | GMA Butuan Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Butuan City and Caraga) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network, Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Butuan]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.31''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Butuan Relay]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | [[DXNS-TV|DXNS-DTV]] | '''27''' | '''551.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Butuan City and Caraga) | '''7.01''' | rowspan="1" | Northern Mindanao Broadcasting System | '''Bee TV''' | [[DXNS-TV|Bee TV]] | rowspan="1" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. – 11 p.m. (the next day) | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (500 watts) |- |} </div> ===Agusan del Sur=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Surigao del Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Surigao del Sur=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===BARMM (Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao)=== ===Maguindanao del Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DXMC-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''42''' | rowspan="7" | '''641.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cotabato City, Maguindanao del Norte and Maguindanao del Sur) | '''12.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Cotabato]] | rowspan="6" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''12.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''12.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | Test broadcast |- | '''12.31''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | GMA Cotabato relay | [[4:3]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Sulu=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Filipino television stations| ]] [[Category:Philippine television-related lists]] 36uidd5hpnz579gprsmcbkg0xozxaps 10368646 10368643 2025-07-03T01:39:31Z 103.144.157.183 10368646 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|the list of television stations|List of television stations in the Philippines}} {{Use American English|date=August 2019}} [[File:Digital broadcast standards.svg|thumb|400x400px|Digital TV Standards around the world.]] This is the '''list of the stations on digital television in the Philippines'''.<ref>{{cite web |title=NTC List of DTTB Stations via FOI website |url=http://storage.googleapis.com/request-attachments/3qwepDblYFlFpRIAxnpr8DeBq7m2qrvCyUDjZHDqcWYLHU55YohnTf2QwdWk8xHnErMQ6iIXPAiLJZM2qJGi32oxvPDGCessrNvB/NTC%20FOI%20223511250758.pdf |website=foi.gov.ph |date=September 6, 2019}}</ref> The availability of channels to viewers depends on their location. The National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) has adopted the ISDB-Tb standard for Philippine television. {{Update section|date=April 2025}} ==Background== [[File:ISDB-T CH Seg Prog allocation.svg|thumb|ISDB-T Segments]] Updated as of {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dtvpilipinas.org/ |title=DTV Pilipinas official website |access-date=2020-11-19 |archive-date=2020-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716060054/https://www.dtvpilipinas.org/ |url-status=dead }} {{cite web |url=https://dtvpilipinas.blogspot.com |title=DTV Pilipinas official blogsite }}</ref> Most channels are still under test broadcast. All analog services are expected to be terminated by the end of 2025.<ref name=ntcph>{{cite news |title=Gov't wants analog TV switched off by 2023 |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/599484/money/companies/gov-t-wants-analog-tv-switched-off-by-2023 |work=GMA News Online |date=February 14, 2017 |author=Cabuenas, Jon Viktor D.}}</ref> <nowiki>*</nowiki>''Data collected from sources and some wiki pages.'' ''*Channels received may vary with location or with the strength of the signal of the broadcaster.'' ''*Most of the channels are in the phase of test broadcast, resulting to some places that cannot receive other stations due to dead spots and low transmitting power among stations.'' ''*Some Channels are encrypted and can only be accessed through select set-top box or mobile dongle manufacturers.'' {{clear}} ==Metro Manila== ===National Capital Region (NCR)=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWGT-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''14''' | rowspan="5" | '''473.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''4.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV HD''' | rowspan="2" | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 7 a.m. - 1 a.m. | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW TPO; 25 kW ERP) |- |'''4.02''' | '''PTV SD''' | rowspan="3" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- |'''4.03''' | '''PTV NEWS''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 6 a.m. - 8 p.m. |- | '''4.04''' | '''PTV SPORTS''' | [[PTV Sports (TV Program)|PTV Sports Network]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- |'''4.05''' | '''PTV 1SEG''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | [[16:9]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - midnight <br /> Weekends: 7 a.m. - midnight | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DZBB-TV]] | rowspan="7" | '''27''' | rowspan="7" | '''551.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''27.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i|720p]] [[SDTV]] | MON - FRI (6AM to 12AM) SAT - SUN (5AM to 12AM) | rowspan="5" | TRANSMITTER BROADCAST (20KW TPO / 100KW ERP) |- | '''27.02''' | '''NEWS TV''' | [[NEWS TV]] | rowspan="1" |MON - FRI (6AM to 12AM) SAT - SUN (6AM to 12AM) |- | '''27.03''' | PINOY HITS | [[PINOY HITS]] | rowspan="1" | MON - FRI (6AM to 12AM) SAT - SUN (6AM to 12AM) |- | | | | |- | | | | |- | | |- | | | | | | |- | rowspan="1" | [[DZMV-TV]] | rowspan="1" | '''16''' | rowspan="1" | '''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''ALLTV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7:00 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (10 kW TPO/25 kW ERP) |- | rowspan="3"| [[DZTV-TV]] | rowspan="3"| '''17''' | rowspan="3"| '''491.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''13.01''' | rowspan="3"| [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''IBC HD''' | rowspan="1"| [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC 13]] | rowspan="3" [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1"| Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 11:00 p.m. <br /> Weekends: 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. | rowspan="3"| Test broadcast (3 kW TPO/ 8 kW ERP) |- | '''13.02''' | '''Congress TV''' | rowspan="1"| [[Congress TV]] | rowspan="1"| 9:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. |- | '''13.03''' | '''DWAN HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[DWAN-AM|DWAN 1206 TV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:00 a.m. – midnight |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWET-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DZKB-TV]] | rowspan="3" | '''19''' | rowspan="3" | '''503.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''19.01''' | rowspan="1" |[[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN''' | [[DZKB-TV|RPN]] | 16:9 [[480i]] [[High-definition|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (5 kW TPO 10 kW ERP) |- |'''19.02''' | rowspan="1" |[[Nine Media Corporation]], [[Radio Philippines Network]] and [[Cignal TV]] (Operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] from [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc]].) | '''RPTV HD''' | [[RPTV (TV channel)|RPTV]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. - midnight |- | '''19.06''' | rowspan="1" | [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN 1Seg''' | RPN | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DZOE-TV]] | rowspan="3" | '''20''' | rowspan="3" | '''509.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''20.21''' | rowspan="3" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. <br /> Sunday: 5 a.m. - 12:15 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW TPO; 30 kW ERP) |- | '''20.24''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. - 9 p.m. |- | '''20.31''' | '''A2Z OneSeg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. <br /> Sunday: 5 a.m. - 12:15 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="4" | [[DWCP-DTV]] | rowspan="4" | '''21''' | rowspan="4" | '''515.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''21.01''' | rowspan="4" |[[Southern Broadcasting Network]] and [[Solar Entertainment Corporation]] | '''SolarFlix''' | [[SolarFlix]] | rowspan="4" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="4" | 6 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="4" | Fully migrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (3 kW) |- | '''21.02''' | '''Solar Sports''' | [[Solar Sports]] |- | '''21.03''' | '''DepEd ALS''' | [[Solar Learning]]/[[DepEd TV|DepEd TV ALS]] |- | '''21.04''' | '''Shop TV''' | [[Shop TV]] |- | rowspan="2" | [[Aliw Broadcasting Corporation|DWIZ-DTV]] | rowspan="2" | '''23''' | rowspan="2" | '''527.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''23.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Aliw Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''ALIW 23 HD''' | rowspan="2" | [[Aliw Channel 23|ALIW 23]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 4 a.m. - 10 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast / Configuration Testing (5 kW) |- | '''23.02''' | '''ALIW 23 SD''' | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="2" | [[DZRH-TV]] | rowspan="2" | '''24''' | rowspan="2" | '''533.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''24.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Manila Broadcasting Company]] | '''DZRH TV''' | rowspan="2" | [[DZRH News Television]] | 16.9 [[720p]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 24 hours | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''24.31''' | '''DZRH TV 1seg''' | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DZEC-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''28''' | rowspan="5" | '''557.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''28.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25 HD''' | rowspan="2" | [[Net 25]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="5" | 24 hours | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''28.02''' | '''NET 25 SD''' | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''28.03''' | ''' INCTV HD''' | {{n/a|Grey screen}} | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] |- | '''28.04''' | '''INCTV SD''' | [[DZCE-TV|INC TV]] | rowspan="1" |16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''28.05''' | '''EBC RESERVED''' | [[Net 25]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] |- | rowspan="5" |[[DZRJ-DTV]] | rowspan="5" |'''29''' | rowspan="5" |'''563.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''29.21''' | rowspan="5" |[[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''RJ DigiTV''' | [[DZRJ-DTV | RJ DigiTV]] | rowspan="5" |16:9 [[480i]] [[Standard-definition television|SDTV]] | 5 a.m. - 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (still on test broadcast) (2.5 kW) (poor signal transmission) |- | '''29.22''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | 24 Hours |- | '''29.23''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] | 5 a.m. - midnight |- | '''29.24''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | RJ Rock TV | 5 a.m. - 2 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''29.25''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="8" | [[DWKC-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''31''' | rowspan="8" | '''575.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''31.01''' | rowspan="8" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRIME TV''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] |[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 4 a.m. - midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" |Fully migrated from analog to digital <br> Commercial broadcast (5 kW TPO/25kW ERP) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. to midnight |- | '''31.03''' | '''Knowledge Channel''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. - 11 p.m. |- | '''31.04''' | '''BLAST MOVIES''' | [[Movie Central (Philippine TV channel)|Blast Movies]] | 6 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''31.05''' | '''Bilyonaryo News Channel''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[Pilipinas HD]] / [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DZOZ-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''33''' | rowspan="3" | '''587.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''33.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] | '''Light TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | rowspan="2" |16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="3" | Monday - Saturday: 8 a.m. - 8 p.m. <br /> Sunday: 7 a.m. - 8 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Still under test broadcast) (5 kW TPO; 25 kW ERP) |- | '''33.02''' | '''Light TV SD1''' | rowspan="1" | Light TV Promotional channel |- | '''33.31''' | '''Light TV 1seg''' | rowspan="1" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWAO-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''38''' | rowspan="5" | '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''55.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Progressive Broadcasting Corporation]] and [[Information Broadcast Unlimited]] | '''UNTV''' | [[UNTV (Philippines)|UNTV]] | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="5" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW) (poor signal transmission) |- | '''55.02''' | '''STV''' | [[STV (Philippines)|STV]] / currently mirror feed from [[UNTV (Philippines)|UNTV]] | rowspan="2" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] |- | '''55.03''' | '''TRUTH CHANNEL''' | [[Truth Channel]] |- | '''55.04''' | '''UNTV Reserve''' | {{n/a|Blank feed}} | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | {{n/a|Black screen}} |- | '''55.31''' | '''UNTV 1SEG''' | [[UNTV (Philippines)|UNTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="2" |[[DWDE-TV]] | rowspan="2" |'''42''' | rowspan="2" |'''641.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''42.01''' | rowspan="2" |[[Brigada Mass Media Corporation]] | '''BRIGADA TV-HD''' | Brigada TV | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 4:00 a.m to 12:30 a.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''42.02''' | '''BRIGADA TV-SD''' | [[DWBM-FM|105.1 Brigada News FM Mega Manila]] | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="4" |[[DWVN-DTV]] | rowspan="4" |'''45''' | rowspan="4" |'''659.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''45.01''' | rowspan="4" |[[Gateway UHF Television Broadcasting]] and [[Global Satellite Technology Services]] | '''Hope Phil''' | rowspan="3" | [[Hope Channel Philippines]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="4" | 24 hours | rowspan="4" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Still under test broadcast) (3.5 kW) (poor signal transmission) |- | '''45.02''' | '''Hope Intl''' | rowspan="3"| 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''45.03''' | '''Hope Live''' |- | '''45.04''' | '''OMN SD''' | [[One Media Network]] |- | rowspan="3" |[[DZCE-TV]] | rowspan="3" |'''49''' | rowspan="3" |'''683.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''01.01''' | rowspan="3" |[[Christian Era Broadcasting Service International]] | '''INC TV HD''' | rowspan="3" | [[DZCE-TV|INC TV]] | rowspan="2" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 4 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (10kW) |- | '''01.02''' | '''INC TV HD1''' |- | '''01.03''' | '''INC TV SD''' | rowspan="1" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWNB-TV|DWNB-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''51''' | rowspan="5" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (Mirror feed from DTT-18) (5.5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ==Luzon== ===Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)=== ===Benguet=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="2" | [[DZHB-TV|DZHB-DTV]] | rowspan="2" | '''17''' | rowspan="2" | '''491.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''17.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''IBC''' | [[DZHB-TV|IBC 13]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 11:00 p.m. <br /> Weekends: 7:00 a.m. – 10:00 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (1 kW TPO/10 kW ERP) |- | '''17.02''' | '''Congress TV''' | [[Congress TV]] | rowspan="1" | 9:00 a.m. – 9:00 p.m. |- | rowspan="3" | [[DZBS-TV|DZBS-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''19''' | rowspan="3" | '''503.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''19.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN''' | [[DZBS-TV|RPN Baguio]] | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | (Test broadcast 5 kW TPO/30 kW ERP) |- | '''19.02''' | rowspan="1" | [[Radio Philippines Network]], [[Nine Media Corporation]] and [[Cignal TV]] | '''RPTV''' | [[RPTV (TV channel)|RPTV]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m – midnight |- | '''19.06''' | rowspan="1" | [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN 1seg''' | RPN Baguio Relay | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8" | [[DWHB-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''26''' | rowspan="8" | '''545.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) |'''26.01''' | rowspan="8" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | rowspan="2"|[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 4 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" | Fully migrated from analog to digital <br> Commercial broadcast (5 kW TPO/25kW ERP) |- | '''26.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | 6 a.m. - midnight |- | '''26.03''' | '''Knowledge Channel''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3"| [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 6 a.m. to 11 p.m. |- | '''26.04''' | '''BEAM CINEMA''' | [[Beam Cinema (Philippine TV network)|Beam Cinema]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''26.05''' | '''Bilyonaryo News Channel''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="3" | Daily: 5 a.m. - midnight |- | '''26.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''26.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''26.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="1" | DWAY-DTV | rowspan="1" |'''30''' | rowspan="1" | '''569.143&nbsp;kW''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''ALL TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (10 kW TPO and 60 kW ERP) |- | rowspan="3" | DWOZ-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''32''' | rowspan="3" | '''581.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''32.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:15 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (10 kW TPO/30 kW ERP) |- | '''32.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. – 9 p.m. |- | '''32.31''' | '''A2Z OneSeg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:15 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DZEA-TV|DZEA-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''38''' | rowspan="7" | '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''10.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DZEA-TV|GMA Dagupan/Baguio]] | rowspan="6" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (15 kW TPO/90 kW ERP) |- | '''10.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''10.11''' | rowspan="1" {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Black Screen}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''10.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[DZEA-TV|GMA Dagupan/Baguio Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[D-8-XM-TV|D-8-XM-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''42''' | rowspan="5" | '''641.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) |'''4.01''' | rowspan="5" |[[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV Cordillera''' | [[D-8-XM-TV|PTV Cordillera]] | rowspan="1" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''4.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''4.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 5 a.m. – 8 p.m. |- | '''4.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV Program)|PTV Sports]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- | '''4.05''' | '''PTV 1seg''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="4" | [[DWFB-DTV]] | rowspan="4" |'''44''' | rowspan="4" |'''653.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Luzon) | '''44.01''' | rowspan="3" |[[Global Satellite Technology Services]] | '''GNN North Luzon''' | [[GNN North Luzon]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] (sometimes [[720p]] [[HDTV]]) | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="4" | Fully migrated from analog to digital / Test Broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''44.02''' | '''RNG TV''' | Highland TV / RNG Luzon |- | '''44.03''' | '''Golf TV''' | [[Golden Nation Network|Golf Channel]] |- | '''44.04''' | rowspan="1"|[[Global Satellite Technology Services]] and [[Gateway UHF Television Broadcasting]] | '''Hope Channel Philippines''' | [[Hope Channel Philippines]] |- | rowspan="3" | DWDM-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''46''' | rowspan="3" | '''665.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Luzon) | '''25.02''' | rowspan="3" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25''' | [[Net 25]] | rowspan="2" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''25.03''' | '''INC TV''' | [[INC TV]] |- | '''25.35''' | '''EAGLE FM''' | [[DWDM-FM|Eagle FM]] | {{n/a|ISDB-T RADIO}} |- | rowspan="5" | [[DZET-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''51''' | rowspan="5" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DZET-TV|TV5 Baguio Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00 a.m. - 1:45 a.m. (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Mountain Province=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DZVG-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''29''' | rowspan="7" | '''563.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cordillera and Cagayan Valley) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | GMA Mountain Province | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | rowspan="1" {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Black Screen}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''5.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | GMA Mountain Province Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Region I (Ilocos Region)=== ===Ilocos Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWTE-TV|DWTE-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Laoag and Ilocos Norte) |'''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday - Saturday 8:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) / Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | Monday to Sunday: 6 a.m. – midnight |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Ilocos Norte Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[D-5-AS-TV|D-5-AS-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''24''' | rowspan="7" | '''533.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Laoag and Ilocos Norte) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Ilocos Norte]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10&nbsp;kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | Test broadcast |- | '''5.21''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Ilocos Norte Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" |DWLJ-DTV | rowspan="5" |'''40''' | rowspan="5" |'''629.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Laoag and Ilocos Norte) | rowspan="5" | [[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''29.21''' | '''RJ DigiTV''' | RJ DigiTV Laoag | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Test broadcast 1 kW) |- | '''29.22''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | 24 Hours |- | '''29.23''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''29.24''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | RJ Rock TV | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''29.25''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="5"| D-11-ZV-DTV | rowspan="5"| '''42''' | rowspan="5"| '''641.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''4.01''' | rowspan="5"| [[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV Ilocos Norte''' | [[D-11-XM-TV|PTV Ilocos Norte]] | rowspan="1"| [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2"| Weekdays: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br> Weekends: 6 a.m. to 1 a.m. | rowspan="4"| Commercial broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''4.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''4.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 5 a.m. to 8 p.m. |- | '''4.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports Network]] | 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. |- | '''4.05''' | '''PTV 1SEG''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Ilocos Sur=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" |[[DWBC-TV|DWBC-DTV]] | rowspan="7" |'''15''' | rowspan="7" |'''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Vigan and Northern Luzon) |'''48.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DWBC-TV|GMA Ilocos Sur]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- |'''48.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''48.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''48.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' |[[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''48.05''' |'''I HEART MOVIES''' |[[I Heart Movies]] |- |'''48.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- |'''48.31''' |'''GMA 1SEG''' |[[DWBC-TV|GMA Ilocos Sur relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DWDI-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Vigan and Ilocos Sur) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Vigan]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Vigan Relay]] | 4:3 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DWTP-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''45''' | rowspan="5" | '''659.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Candon and Northern Luzon) | '''45.01''' | rowspan="5" | Tirad Pass Network | '''CTV''' | C.A.R LGU | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="5" | 5 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="5" | Test broadcast / Configuration testing (2.5 kW) |- | '''45.02''' | '''DZTP''' | [[DZTP]] | [[16:9]] [[720p]] [[HDTV]] |- | '''45.03''' | '''TPN''' | TPN | rowspan="3" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''45.04''' | '''ELYU TV''' | La Union LGU |- | '''45.05''' | '''CAB TV''' | CAB TV |- |} </div> ===Region II (Cagayan Valley)=== ===Batanes=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Cagayan=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel ![[Frequency]] ! width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DWZE-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tuguegarao and Cagayan) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tuguegarao]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tuguegarao Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DWRJ-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''29''' | rowspan="5" | '''563.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tuguegarao and Cagayan) | '''29.21''' | rowspan="5" | [[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''RJ DigiTV''' | RJ DigiTV Tuguegarao | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Test broadcast 1 kW) |- | '''29.22''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | 24 Hours |- | '''29.23''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''29.24''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | RJ Rock TV | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''29.25''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="7"| [[DWBB-TV|DWBB-DTV]] | rowspan="7"| '''33''' | rowspan="7"| '''587.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tuguegarao and Cagayan) | '''7.01''' | rowspan="7"| [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DWBB-TV|GMA Tuguegarao]] | rowspan="6"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''7.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1"| 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1"| Weekdays: 5 a.m. to midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2"| 6 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''7.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1"|Test broadcast |- | '''7.21''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | [[DWBB-TV|GMA Tuguegarao relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Isabela=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel ![[Frequency]] ! width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DWLE-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz ''' (Santiago, Isabela and Cagayan Valley) | '''7.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network]] | '''GMA''' | GMA Isabela | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''7.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" |Monday to Sunday: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. to midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. to midnight |- | '''7.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''7.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''7.31''' | '''GMA 1seg''' | GMA Isabela Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DWDH-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Santiago, Isabela and Cagayan Valley) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Isabela]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies'''''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Isabela Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Region III (Central Luzon)=== ===Pampanga=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="1" | DWAP-DTV | rowspan="1" |'''34''' | rowspan="1" |'''593.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Pampanga and Central Luzon) | '''34.01''' | rowspan="1" |[[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]] | '''ALL TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- | rowspan="1" | [[DWRW-TV|DWRW-DTV]] | rowspan="1" |'''36''' | rowspan="1" |'''605.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Pampanga and Central Luzon) |'''36.01''' | rowspan="1" |[[Central Luzon Television|RadioWorld Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''CLTV 36''' | [[Central Luzon Television]] | rowspan="1" |16:9 [[720p]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1"| Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. - 10:30 p.m. | rowspan="1" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (2.5 kW) |- | rowspan="4" | [[DWFU-DTV]] | rowspan="4" |'''44''' | rowspan="4" |'''653.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Pampanga) |'''44.01''' | rowspan="3" |Infomax Television and [[Global Satellite Technology Services]] | '''GNN''' | GNN Pampanga |[[DWFU-DTV]] | rowspan="4" |4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="4" | 5:00 a.m. to midnight | rowspan="4" | Fully migrated from analog to digital Test Broadcast/Configuration Testing (500 watts) |- |'''44.02''' | '''GNN Central Luzon''' |{{n/a|Black Screen}} |- |'''44.03''' |'''Golf TV''' | [[One Media Network|Golf Channel]] |- |'''44.04''' | rowspan="1" | [[Global Satellite Technology Services]] and [[Gateway UHF Broadcasting]] | '''Hope Channel Phils''' | [[Hope Channel Philippines]] |- |} </div> ===Tarlac=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DZJA-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tarlac City and Central Luzon) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tarlac Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="1" | DWAL-DTV | rowspan="1" | '''34''' | rowspan="1" | '''593.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tarlac City and Central Luzon) |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] | '''All TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV|All TV Tarlac Relay]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- |} </div> ===Zambales=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Olongapo City, Bataan and Zambales) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Olongapo]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Olongapo Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" |[[DWNS-TV|DWNS-DTV]] | rowspan="7" |'''38''' | rowspan="7" |'''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Olongapo City, Bataan and Zambales) |'''10.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DWNS-TV|GMA Olongapo]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- |'''10.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''10.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' |[[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''10.06''' |'''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- |'''10.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- |'''10.31''' |'''GMA 1Seg''' |GMA Olongapo Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Region IV-A (Calabarzon)=== ===Batangas=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" |[[D-12-ZB-TV|D-12-ZB-DTV]] | rowspan="7" |'''32''' | rowspan="7" |'''581.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Batangas and Calabarzon) |'''12.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[D-12-ZB-TV|GMA Batangas]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- |'''12.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' |[[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''12.06''' |'''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- |'''12.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- |'''12.31''' |'''GMA 1-Seg''' |[[D-12-ZB-TV|GMA Batangas Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8"| DWAG-DTV | rowspan="8"| '''36''' | rowspan="8"| '''605.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Batangas and CALABARZON) | '''36.01''' | rowspan="8"| Sphere Entertainment, Inc. and [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME ''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Sunday 4:00 a.m. – 10:30 p.m. | rowspan="8"| Fully migrated from Analog to Digital <br> (Commercial broadcast 5 kW TPO/25 kW ERP) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1"| 6 a.m. to midnight | rowspan="1"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.03''' | '''KNOWLEDGE CHANNEL''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="1"| 6 a.m. to 11 p.m. | rowspan="3"| [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.04''' | '''BEAM CINEMA''' | [[Beam Cinema (Philippine TV network)|Beam Cinema]] | rowspan="1"| 6 a.m. to midnight |- | '''31.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4"|5 a.m. to midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"|[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="1" | DWAV-DTV | rowspan="1" | '''46''' | rowspan="1" | '''665.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Batangas and Calabarzon) |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] | '''All TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. - midnight (the next day) | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast / Configuration Testing (10 kW TPO/30 kW ERP) |- | rowspan="5" | DWBD-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''51''' | rowspan="5" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Batangas and Calabarzon) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Batangas]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Batangas Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Quezon Province=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Lucena City and Quezon) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Lucena]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One PH]] | 6 a.m – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Lucena Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="3" | '''51''' | rowspan="3" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Lucena City and Quezon) | '''25.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25''' | [[Net 25]] | rowspan="2" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW)<br>Interference with DWBD-TV TV5 Batangas DTT on UHF 51. |- | '''25.02''' | '''INC TV''' | [[INC TV]] |- | '''25.03''' | '''Eagle FM''' | [[DWDM-FM|Eagle FM]] | {{n/a|ISDB-T RADIO}} |- |} </div> ===Rizal=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Region IV-B (Mimaropa)=== ===Occidental Mindoro=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | D-13-ZR-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Occidental Mindoro) | '''13.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)| GMA Network]] | '''GMA''' | GMA Occidental Mindoro | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br/> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''13.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''13.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''13.11''' | {{n/a|'''UNNAMED'''}} | {{n/a|Black screen}} | {{TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''13.31''' | '''GMA 1seg''' | GMA Occidental Mindoro Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (San Jose, and Occidental Mindoro) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 San Jose Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Palawan=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DYPU-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Puerto Princesa and Palawan) | '''12.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network]] | '''GMA''' | GMA Palawan | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: <br> 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''12.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''12.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''12.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''12.31''' | '''GMA 1seg''' | GMA Palawan Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DWDD-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Puerto Princesa and Palawan) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Nation Broadcasting Corporation]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Puerto Princesa]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Puerto Princesa Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:30 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="1" | DWDW-DTV | rowspan="1" |'''38''' | rowspan="1" | '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Puerto Princesa and Palawan) | '''38.01''' | rowspan="1" |[[Bandera News Philippines]] (Fairwaves Broadcasting Network) | '''Bandera News TV''' | [[Bandera News Philippines|Bandera News TV]] | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1"| Daily 4:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (500 watts) |- |} </div> ===Romblon=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |- | rowspan="4" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="4" | '''18''' | rowspan="4" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tablas, Romblon) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and [[Cignal TV]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Romblon]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="3" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' |[[Cignal TV]] and [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPTV''' | RPTV | 6 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | rowspan="2" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and [[Cignal TV]] | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday - Saturday 8:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) / Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Romblon Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday, Tuesday, Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Wednesday, Thursday 5:00 a.m. - 12:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:30 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Region V (Bicol Region)=== ===Albay=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DWLB-TV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Legazpi City and Albay) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Legazpi]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Legazpi Relay]] | 4:3 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DZPN-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''39''' | rowspan="5" | '''623.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Legazpi City and Albay) | '''4.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV Legazpi''' | [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) – Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''4.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''4.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas]] | 5 a.m. – 8 p.m. |- | '''4.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- | '''4.05''' | '''PTV 1SEG''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | [[4:3]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) / Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DWLA-TV|DWLA-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''41''' | rowspan="7" | '''635.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Legazpi City and Albay) |'''12.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DWLA-TV|GMA Legazpi]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''12.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''12.12''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''12.35''' | '''GMA1SEG''' | [[DWLA-TV|GMA Legazpi Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Camarines Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Camarines Sur=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="8" | [[DWHC-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''32''' | rowspan="8" | '''571.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Naga and Camarines Sur) |'''32.01''' | rowspan="8" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] |[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 4 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="8" |Fully migrated from analog to digital <br> Commercial broadcast (5 kW TPO/25kW ERP) |- | '''32.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1"|[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 6 a.m. - midnight |- | '''32.03''' | '''Knowledge Channel''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3"|[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 6 a.m. – 11 p.m. |- | '''32.04''' | '''BEAM BOX OFFICE''' | [[Beam Cinema (Philippine TV network)|Beam Cinema]] | 6 a.m. to midnight |- | '''32.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | RESERVED | rowspan="3" |Daily: 5:30 a.m. - midnight |- | '''32.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"| 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''32.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''32.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | RESERVED | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DWAI-TV]] | rowspan="7" | '''38''' | rowspan="7" | '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Naga and Camarines Sur) |'''7.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DWAI-TV|GMA Naga]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''7.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''7.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''7.35''' | '''GMA1SEG''' | [[DWAI-TV|GMA Naga Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWMA-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''46''' | rowspan="5" | '''665.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Naga) | '''8.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV HD1''' | rowspan="1"| [[DWMA-TV|PTV Bicol]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''8.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''8.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas TV]] | 5 a.m. – 8 p.m. |- | '''8.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- | '''8.05''' | '''PTV 1seg''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) <br/> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="3" | '''47''' | rowspan="3" | '''671.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Naga) | '''25.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25''' | [[Net 25]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''25.02''' | '''INCTV''' | [[INCTV]] | 16:9 [[720p]] [[HDTV]] |- | '''25.03''' | '''EAGLE FM''' | [[DWDM-FM|Eagle FM]] | {{n/a|ISDB-T RADIO}} |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWFA-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''48''' | rowspan="5" | '''677.143&nbsp;MHz''' <br/>(Metro Naga) |'''48.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Global Satellite Technology Services]] | '''GNN''' | rowspan="1" | [[Golden Nation Network]] Local Programs | rowspan="5" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''48.02''' | '''DepEd TV - Telearalan''' | rowspan="1" | [[DepEd TV]] Local Programs |- | '''48.03''' | '''LGU Naga''' | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Black Screen}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Configuration Testing}} |- | '''48.04''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 hours | Test Broadcast |- | '''48.05''' | '''Reserved Channel GNN Naga TV48''' | rowspan="1" | [[Golden Nation Network]] | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Black Screen}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Configuration Testing}} |- | rowspan="6" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="6" | '''50''' | rowspan="6" | '''689.143&nbsp;MHz''' ([[Nabua, Camarines Sur]]) |'''19.01''' | rowspan="6" | [[ Polytechnic State University of Bicol|PSUB]] and [[Philippine Collective Media Corporation|PCMC]] | '''PSUBTv''' | PSUB TV | rowspan="6" |[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="6" |9 a.m. - 8 p.m. | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''19.02''' | '''PSUB COHS''' | The TLC Channel |- | '''19.03''' | '''PSUB COBM''' | College of Business Management |- | '''19.04''' | '''PSUB COEAS''' | BigCAS Channel | rowspan="3" {{n/a|Configuration Testing}} |- | '''19.05''' | '''PSUB Graduate School''' | The Grad-Ed Channel |- | '''19.06''' | '''PSUB COE''' | College of Engineering |- | rowspan="5" | DWNA-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''51''' | rowspan="5" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Naga and Camarines Sur) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Nation Broadcasting Corporation]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Naga]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Naga Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Catanduanes=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Virac, Catanduanes) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Virac]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Virac Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="1" | DWAU-DTV | rowspan="1" | '''28''' | rowspan="1" | '''557.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Virac and Catanduanes) | '''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advance Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under local [[marketing agreement| blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]] | '''ALLTV HD''' | [[ALLTV]] | [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | Monday to Sunday 7:00 a.m. – midnight | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- | rowspan="7"| [[D-13-ZC-TV|D-13-ZC-DTV]] | rowspan="7"| '''38''' | rowspan="7"| '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Virac and Catanduanes) | '''13.01''' | rowspan="7"| [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[D-13-ZC-TV|GMA Catanduanes]] | rowspan="6" |[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''13.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" |Monday to Sunday: 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. to midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''13.11'' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1"| Test broadcast |- | '''13.21''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | [[D-13-ZC-TV|GMA Catanduanes relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Masbate=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="4" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="4" | '''18''' | rowspan="4" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Masbate and Bicol Region) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Masbate]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="3" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' |[[Cignal TV]] and [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPTV''' | RPTV | 6 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | rowspan="2" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday - Saturday 8:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) / Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Masbate Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday, Tuesday, Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. / Wednesday, Thursday 5:00 a.m. - 12:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:30 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Sorsogon=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DWSS-TV | rowspan="5" | '''51''' | rowspan="5" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Sorsogon and Bicol Region) |- | '''5.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Sorsogon]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="3" | Fully Mirgrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' |[[Cignal TV]] and [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPTV''' | RPTV | 6 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | rowspan="2" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday - Saturday 8:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) / Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Sorsogon Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday, Tuesday, Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. / Wednesday, Thursday 5:00 a.m. - 12:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:30 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ==Visayas== ===Region VI (Western Visayas)=== ===Aklan=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel ![[Frequency]] ! width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DYCJ-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Kalibo, Aklan and Western Visayas) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="4" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Kalibo]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4"| Test broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | Monday to Sunday: 6 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Kalibo Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Capiz=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | [[DYAM-TV|DYAM-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Roxas, Capiz and Western Visayas) | '''7.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DYAM-TV|GMA Roxas]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10&nbsp;kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | Test broadcast |- | '''5.21''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[DYAM-TV|GMA Roxas Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DYMD-TV|DYMD-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Roxas, Capiz) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Roxas]] | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (5&nbsp;kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Roxas Relay]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Iloilo=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Provisional Authority}} | rowspan="1" |'''16''' | rowspan="1" |'''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''16.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''ALL TV HD''' | rowspan="1" |[[All TV]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" |Monday to Sunday: 8:00 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="1" |Test broadcast (10 kW) |- | rowspan="2" | [[DYJB-TV]] | rowspan="2" | '''17''' | rowspan="2" | '''491.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''12.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''IBC''' | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC 13]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[HDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 11 p.m. <br /> Weekends: 7 a.m. - 10 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (3 kW) |- | '''12.02''' |'''Congress TV''' |[[Congress TV]] |9 a.m. – 9 p.m. |- | rowspan="5" | [[DYMB-TV|DYMB-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[DYMB-TV|TV5 Iloilo]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00 a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.31''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DYMB-TV|TV5 Iloilo Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | DYZA-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''20''' | rowspan="3" | '''509.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''20.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] by [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Iloilo]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (5.5 kW) |- | '''20.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. - 9 p.m. |- | '''20.22''' | '''A2Z 1Seg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Iloilo Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DYDY-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''23''' | rowspan="5" | '''527.143&nbsp;MHz''' <br/>(Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) |'''4.01''' | rowspan="5" |[[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV Iloilo''' | [[DYDY-TV|PTV Iloilo]] | rowspan="1" |16:9 [[1080i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="2" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- |'''4.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3"|[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- |'''4.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 5 a.m. – 8 p.m. |- | '''4.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- | '''4.05''' | '''PTV 1seg''' |[[People's Television Network|PTV]] |4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8" | [[DYRM-TV|DYRM-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''26''' | rowspan="8" | '''545.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''26.01''' | rowspan="8"| [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | rowspan="1" | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | rowspan="2" |[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 4 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="7" | Fully migrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''26.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast Sports]] | 6 a.m – midnight (the next day) |- | '''26.03''' | '''Knowledge Channel''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3"|[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. - 11 p.m. |- | '''26.04''' | '''BEAM CINEMA''' | [[Beam Cinema (Philippine TV network)|Beam Cinema]] | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''26.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="3"| 5 a.m. - midnight |- | '''26.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''26.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''26.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DYXX-TV]] | rowspan="7" | '''29''' | rowspan="7" | '''563.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''6.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DYXX-TV|GMA Iloilo]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''6.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''6.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''6.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''6.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''6.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''6.31''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | [[DYXX-TV|GMA Iloilo Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="2" | DYOK-TV | rowspan="2" | '''43''' | rowspan="2" | '''647.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo) | '''0.21''' | rowspan="2" | [[Manila Broadcasting Company]] | '''DZRH NEWS TV''' | rowspan="2" | [[DZRH News Television]] | 16:9 [[480p]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 24 Hours | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''0.31''' | '''DZRH NEWS TV 1seg''' | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Negros Occidental=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DYGM-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Murcia Negros Occidental and Western Visayas) | '''13.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Murcia]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''13.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''13.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''13.31''' | '''GMA1SEG''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Murcia Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="1" |[[Advance Media Broadcasting System|DYAG-DTV]] | rowspan="1" | '''16''' | rowspan="1" | '''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Bacolod and Negros Occidental) |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''All TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV|All TV Bacolod]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday - 7 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast / Configuration Testing (10kW) |- | rowspan="5" |[[DYTE-TV|DYTE-DTV]] | rowspan="5" |'''18''' | rowspan="5" |'''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Bacolod and Negros Occidental) |'''5.01''' | rowspan="4" |[[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' |[[DYTE-TV|TV5 Bacolod]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- |'''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- |'''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday - Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.05''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DYTE-TV|TV5 Bacolod Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DYKB-TV|DYKB-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''19''' | rowspan="3" | '''503.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Bacolod and Negros Occidental) | '''19.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN''' | [[DYKB-TV|RPN Bacolod]] | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (5 kW TPO/10 kW) |- | '''19.02''' | rowspan="1" |[[Radio Philippines Network]], [[Nine Media Corporation]] and [[Cignal TV]] | '''RPTV''' | [[RPTV (TV channel)|RPTV]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''19.06''' | rowspan="1" |[[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN 1seg''' | RPN Bacolod relay | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | DYEC-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''22''' | rowspan="3" | '''521.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Bacolod and Negros Occidental) | '''22.01''' | rowspan="3" |[[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Bacolod]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m – 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5 a.m. – 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sunday: 5 a.m. – 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (5.5 kW) |- | '''22.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. – 9 p.m. |- | '''22.22''' | '''A2Z 1seg''' | [[A2Z TV (channel)|A2Z Bacolod relay]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. – 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6 a.m. – 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sunday: 6 a.m. – 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="2" | DYEZ-TV | rowspan="2" | '''39''' | rowspan="2" | '''623.143&nbsp;MHz'''<br/>(Metro Bacolod) | '''39.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Manila Broadcasting Company]] | '''DZRH TV''' | rowspan="2" | [[DZRH News Television]] | 16:9 [[480p]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 24 Hours | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''39.31''' | '''DZRH TV 1seg''' | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DWGM-TV]] | rowspan="7" | '''44''' | rowspan="7" | '''653.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Bacolod and Negros Occidental) | '''13.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Bacolod]] | rowspan="6" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- |'''13.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" |5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''13.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''13.31''' | '''GMA1SEG''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Bacolod Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Region VII (Central Visayas)=== ===Bohol=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Cebu=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="1" | [[Advance Media Broadcasting System|DYAE-DTV]] | rowspan="1" | '''16''' | rowspan="1" | '''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operating under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''All TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV|ALL TV Cebu]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast / Configuration Testing (10 kW TPO/30 kW ERP) |- | rowspan="2" | DYTV-TV | rowspan="2" | '''17''' | rowspan="2" | '''491.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) | '''13.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''IBC''' | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC 13]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[HDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 11 p.m. <br /> Weekends: 7 a.m. - 10 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (3 kW) |- |'''13.02''' |'''Congress TV''' |[[Congress TV]] |9 a.m. – 9 p.m. |- | rowspan="5" | [[DYET-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) |'''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[DYET-TV|TV5 Cebu]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | |- |'''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- |'''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday – Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DYET-TV|TV5 Cebu Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | DYNZ-DTV | rowspan="3" |'''20''' | rowspan="3" |'''509.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) | '''20.01''' | rowspan="3" |[[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Cebu]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (5.5 kW) |- | '''20.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. - 9 p.m. |- | '''20.22''' | '''A2Z 1Seg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Cebu Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="4" |DYGA-DTV | rowspan="4" |'''25''' | rowspan="4" |'''539.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) | '''25.01''' | rowspan="4" |[[Gateway UHF Television Broadcasting]] and [[Global Satellite Technology Services]] | '''Hope Cebu''' | rowspan="4" | [[Hope Channel Philippines]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480p]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="4" | 6 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="4" | Fully migrated from analog to digital / Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''25.02''' | '''Hope Philippines''' |- | '''25.03''' | '''Hope International''' |- | '''25.04''' | ''' AWR ''' |- | rowspan="7" |[[DYSS-TV]] | rowspan="7" |'''26''' | rowspan="7" |'''545.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) |'''7.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DYSS-TV|GMA Cebu]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- |'''7.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" |5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight |- |'''7.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' |[[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- |'''7.06''' |'''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- |'''7.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- |'''7.31''' |'''GMA 1SEG''' |[[DYSS-TV|GMA Cebu Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8" | [[DYCT-TV]] | rowspan="8" | '''31''' | rowspan="8" | '''575.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) | '''31.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | rowspan="2" |[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 4 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="7" |Fully migrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.03''' | '''KNOWLEDGE CHANNEL''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3" |[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – 11 p.m. |- | '''31.04''' | '''BEAM CINEMA''' | [[Beam Cinema (Philippine TV network)|Beam Cinema]] | rowspan="1"| 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4"| 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="2" | DYWF-DTV | rowspan="2" | '''36''' | rowspan="2" | '''605.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu) | '''36.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Brigada Mass Media Corporation]] | '''BRIGADA TV-HD''' | Brigada TV Cebu | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 4 a.m. – 12:30 a.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (500 watts) |- | '''36.02''' | '''BRIGADA TV-SD''' | [[DYAC-FM|90.7 Brigada News FM Cebu]] | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DYPT-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''42''' | rowspan="5" | '''641.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu) | '''04.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV HD1''' |[[DYPT-TV|PTV Cebu]] | rowspan="1" | [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- |'''04.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3"| 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''04.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 5 a.m. – 8 p.m. |- | '''04.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- | '''04.05''' | '''PTV 1seg''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="2" | [[DYBU-DTV]] | rowspan="2" | '''43''' | rowspan="2" | '''647.143&nbsp;MHz'''<br/>(Metro Cebu) | '''43.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Manila Broadcasting Company]] | '''DZRH TV''' | rowspan="2" | [[DZRH News Television]] | 16:9 [[480p]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 24 hours | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''43.31''' | '''DZRH TV 1seg''' | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DYFX-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''49''' | rowspan="3" | '''683.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu) | '''25.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25''' | [[Net 25]] | rowspan="2" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Still under test broadcast) (1 kW) |- | '''25.02''' | '''INC TV''' | [[INC TV]] |- | '''25.03''' | '''Eagle FM''' | [[DWDM-FM|Eagle FM]] | {{n/a|ISDB-T RADIO}} |} </div> ===Negros Oriental=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Dumaguete and Negros Oriental) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="4" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Dumaguete]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (5&nbsp;kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Dumaguete Relay]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[D-5-YB-TV|D-5-YB-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''22''' | rowspan="7" | '''521.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Dumaguete and Negros Oriental) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network]] | '''GMA''' | GMA Dumaguete | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''5.31''' | '''GMA1SEG''' | GMA Dumaguete relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Region VIII (Eastern Visayas)=== ===Eastern Samar=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Leyte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''21''' | rowspan="5" | '''515.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tacloban City and Eastern Visayas) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]] and Mediascape, Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tacloban]] | rowspan="4" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday – Friday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:00 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tacloban relay]] | [[4:3]] [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. – 1:00 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (, the next day) |- | rowspan="7" | DYCL-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''34''' | rowspan="7" | '''593.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tacloban City and Eastern Visayas) | '''10.01''' | rowspan="6" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Tacloban City]] | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="7" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''10.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''10.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''10.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Tacloban City Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: <br /> 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DYPR-TV (Tacloban)|DYPR-TV]] | rowspan="3" | '''50''' | rowspan="3" | '''689.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tacloban City) | '''27.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[Philippine Collective Media Corporation]] | '''PRTV TACLOBAN''' | [[DYPR-TV (Tacloban)|PRTV TACLOBAN]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday - Sunday: 6 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast/Configuration testing (2 kW) |- | '''27.02''' | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tacloban]] | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday, Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday: 5:00 a.m. - 12:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday: 6:30&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) / Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''27.03''' | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Tacloban]] ([[ZOE TV]]) | 16:9 [[720p]] [[HDTV]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. - 12:15 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 6 a.m. - 11:45 p.m. <br /> Sundays: 6 a.m. - 11:30 p.m. |- |} </div> ===Western Samar=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ==Mindanao== ===Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula)=== ===Zamboanga del Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | [[D-4-XT-TV|D-4-XT-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''46''' | rowspan="7" | '''665.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Dipolog and Zamboanga del Norte) | '''4.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network]] | '''GMA''' | [[D-4-XT-TV|GMA Dipolog]] | rowspan="6" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''4.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m – midnight (the next day) |- | '''4.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''4.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''4.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''4.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNAMMED)'''}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | Test broadcast |- | '''4.31''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | [[D-4-XT-TV|GMA Dipolog relay]] | [[4:3]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | 1seg |- |} </div> ===Zamboanga del Sur=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Zamboanga Sibugay=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Zamboanga City=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel ![[Frequency]] ! width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DXMZ-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Peninsula) |'''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Zamboanga]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- |'''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- |'''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Zamboanga Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:30 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8" | [[DXBE-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''31''' | rowspan="8" | '''575.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Peninsula) | '''31.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | rowspan="1" | [[Prime TV (TV channel)|PRTV Prime]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" | Fully migrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[TAP Sports#Blast Sports|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. to midnight |- | '''31.03''' | '''KNOWLEDGE CHANNEL''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. to 11 p.m. |- | '''31.04''' | '''BLAST MOVIES''' | [[Movie Central (Philippine TV channel)|Blast Movies]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="2" | [[DXAX-TV|DXAX-DTV]] | rowspan="2" | '''40''' | rowspan="2" | '''629.143&nbsp;MHz'''<br/>(Zamboanga City) | '''0.01''' | rowspan="2" | Westwind Broadcasting Corporation & [[eMedia Productions|eMedia Production Network]] | '''eMedia Digital TV''' | [[EMedia Productions|eMedia]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 4:45&nbsp;a.m. – 9:30&nbsp;p.m. | Fully migrated from analog to digital (1 kW) |- | '''0.02''' | '''ALLTV''' | [[All TV|ALL TV Zamboanga]] | Manila feed | Manila feed |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXLA-TV|DXLA-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''41''' | rowspan="7" | '''635.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Peninsula) |'''9.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DXLA-TV|GMA Zamboanga]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- |'''9.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" |5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''9.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''9.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''9.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- |'''9.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | Test broadcast |- | '''9.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | GMA Zamboanga Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DXZJ-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''45''' | rowspan="5" | '''659.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Peninsula) | '''29.21''' | rowspan="5" | [[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''RJ DigiTV''' | RJ DigiTV Zamboanga | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Test broadcast 1 kW) |- | '''29.22''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | 24 Hours |- | '''29.23''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] | 5 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''29.24''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | RJ Rock TV | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''29.25''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="6" | [[DXGB-TV|DXGB-DTV]] | rowspan="6" | '''51''' | rowspan="6" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Peninsula) | '''51.01''' | rowspan="6" | [[Golden Broadcast Professionals|Golden Broadcasting Professionals Inc.]] | '''GBPI HD''' | [[Golden Broadcast Professionals|Golden Broadcasting Professionals Inc.]]/[[DXGB-TV]] | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[720p]] [[SDTV]] | 5:00&nbsp;a.m. – 11:30&nbsp;p.m. | rowspan="1" | Test Broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''51.02''' | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5]] | rowspan="4" | Manila feed | rowspan="4" | Test Broadcast (Mirror feed from DTT-18) |- | '''51.03''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] |- | '''51.04''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] |- | '''51.05''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] |- | '''51.31''' | '''GBPI TV11one seg ''' |[[Golden Broadcast Professionals|Golden Broadcasting Professionals Inc.]]/[[DXGB-TV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | 5:00&nbsp;a.m. – 11:30&nbsp;p.m. | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Region X (Northern Mindanao)=== ===Bukidnon=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DXWK-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''44''' | rowspan="7" | '''653.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Bukidnon and Northern Mindanao) | '''12.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[GMA Network|GMA Bukidnon]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''12.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''12.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''12.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Bukidnon Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Lanao del Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Iligan City and Lanao del Norte) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network, Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Iligan]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:00 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5:00 a.m. – 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6:00 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.31''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Iligan Relay]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXRV-TV|DXRV-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''33''' | rowspan="7" | '''587.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Iligan City and Lanao del Norte) | '''11.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Iligan]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''11.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''11.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br> Weekends 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''11.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''11.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''11.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''11.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Iligan Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Misamis Occidental=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXGM-TV|DXGM-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Ozamiz and Misamis Occidental) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DXGM-TV|GMA Ozamiz]] | rowspan="6" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | Test broadcast |- | '''5.31''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | [[DXGM-TV|GMA Ozamiz relay]] | [[4:3]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Misamis Oriental=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel ![[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="1" | DXAL-DTV | rowspan="1" | '''16''' | rowspan="1" | '''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''All TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV|All TV Cagayan de Oro]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast / Configuration Testing (10kW) |- | rowspan="5" | [[DXTE-TV|DXTE-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) |'''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[DXTE-TV|TV5 Cagayan de Oro]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DXTE-TV|TV5 Cagayan de Oro Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DXEV-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''20''' | rowspan="3" | '''509.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan De Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) | '''20.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Cagayan De Oro]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (5.5 kW) |- | '''20.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. - 9 p.m. |- | '''20.22''' | '''A2Z 1Seg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Cagayan De Oro Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 6 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DXRJ-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''31''' | rowspan="5" | '''575.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) | '''29.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''RJTV''' | [[DXRJ-DTV|RJTV]] | rowspan="5" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. to 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from Analog to Digital (Test broadcast 5 kW) |- | '''29.02''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | rowspan="2" | 5 a.m. to midnight |- | '''29.03''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] |- | '''29.04''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | [[DZRJ-FM#Rock MNL|Rock MNL]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. to 2 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''29.05''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="8" | [[DXVM-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''33''' | rowspan="8" | '''587.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) | '''31.01''' | rowspan="8" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | rowspan="1" | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 4 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[TAP Sports#Blast Sports|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.03''' | '''KNOWLEDGE CHANNEL''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – 11 p.m. |- | '''31.04''' | '''BLAST MOVIES''' | [[Movie Central (Philippine TV channel)|Blast Movies]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''31.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXJC-TV|DXJC-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''47''' | rowspan="7" | '''671.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) |'''12.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[GMA Network|GMA Cagayan de Oro]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''12.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''12.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | Test broadcast |- | '''12.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Cagayan de Oro Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | DXJG-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''51''' | rowspan="3" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro and Misamis Oriental) | '''51.01''' | rowspan="3" | Westwind Broadcasting Corporation | '''JAO DIGITAL TV''' | Jao TV | rowspan="3" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="3" | Monday - Sunday 6 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast/Configuration Testing (Poor signal transmission) |- | '''51.02''' | '''NOA TV''' | Acosta Reality Channel |- | '''51.03''' | '''DTV3 CH51''' | Videoke Test Feed |- |} </div> ===Region XI (Davao Region)=== ===Davao Region=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="1" | DXAK-DTV | rowspan="1" | '''16''' | rowspan="1" | '''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[Local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''ALLTV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[ALLTV]] | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[HDTV]] | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. to midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (10 kW) |- | rowspan="2" | [[DXTV-TV]] | rowspan="2" | '''17''' | rowspan="2" | '''491.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''17.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''IBC 13''' | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC 13]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[HDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 11 p.m. <br /> Weekends: 7 a.m. - 10 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (3 kW) |- |'''17.02''' |'''Congress TV''' |[[Congress TV]] |9 a.m. – 9 p.m. |- | rowspan="5" |[[DXET-TV|DXET-DTV]] | rowspan="5" |'''18''' | rowspan="5" |'''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" |[[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' |[[DXET-TV|TV5 Davao]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''OnePH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DXET-TV|TV5 Davao Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | DXEX-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''20''' | rowspan="3" | '''509.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''20.01''' | rowspan="3" |[[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Davao]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 p.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (5.5 kW) |- | rowspan="1" |'''20.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. - 9 p.m. |- | rowspan="1" |'''20.22''' | '''A2Z 1Seg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Davao Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 6 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 6 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="5"| [[DXRS-TV|DXRJ-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''28''' | rowspan="5" | '''557.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''29.21''' | rowspan="5" | [[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''RJ DigiTV''' | [[DXRS-TV|RJ DigiTV Davao]] | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Test broadcast; 1 kW) |- | '''29.22''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | 24 Hours |- | '''29.23''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] | 5 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''29.24''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | RJ Rock TV | 5 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''29.25''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="8"| [[DXKC-DTV]] | rowspan="8"| '''31''' | rowspan="8" |'''575.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''31.01''' | rowspan="8" |[[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | rowspan="1" | [[PRTV (Philippine TV channel)|PRTV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 4 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" |Fully migrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[TAP Sports#Blast Sports|Blast Sports]] | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.03''' | '''Knowledge Channel''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="2"|[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. - 11 p.m. |- | '''31.04''' | '''BLAST MOVIES''' | [[Movie Central (Philippine TV channel)|Blast Movies]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''31.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | TV Shop Philippines | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="7" |[[DXMJ-TV|DXMJ-DTV]] | rowspan="7" |'''37''' | rowspan="7" |'''611.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DXMJ-TV|GMA Davao]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (15 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''5.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' |[[DXMJ-TV|GMA Davao Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | DXSQ-DTV | '''38''' | '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Digos City) | '''38.01''' | [[Sagay Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''Kakampi TV''' | Kakampi TV | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 24 hours | Test broadcast (500 watts Low power signal) |- | rowspan="5" |[[DXNP-TV|DXNP-DTV]] | rowspan="5" |'''45''' | rowspan="5" |'''659.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao) | '''11.01''' | rowspan="5" |[[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV SD1''' |[[DXNP-TV|PTV Davao]] | rowspan="1" |[[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''11.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- |'''11.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 5 a.m. to 8 p.m. |- |'''11.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports Network]] | 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. |- |'''11.05''' | '''PTV 1seg''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | [[4:3]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DXED-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''49''' | rowspan="3" | '''683.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao) | '''25.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25''' | [[Net 25]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''25.02''' | '''INCTV''' | [[INCTV]] | 16:9 [[720p]] [[HDTV]] |- | '''25.03''' | '''EAGLE FM''' | [[DWDM-FM|Eagle FM]] | {{n/a|ISDB-T RADIO}} |- |} </div> ===Region XII (Soccsksargen)=== ===Cotabato=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===South Cotabato=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" |[[DXER-TV|DXER-DTV]] | rowspan="5" |'''18''' | rowspan="5" |'''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (General Santos City and Soccsksargen) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" |[[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' |[[DXTE-TV|TV5 General Santos]] | rowspan="4" |16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" |Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4"|Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DXER-TV|TV5 General Santos Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXBG-TV|DXBG-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''34''' | rowspan="7" | '''593.143&nbsp;MHz''' (General Santos City and Soccsksargen) | '''8.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DXBG-TV|GMA General Santos]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''8.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''8.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''8.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''8.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''8.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''8.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[DXBG-TV|GMA General Santos Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="2" |[[DXBC-TV|DXYM-DTV]] | rowspan="2" |'''37''' | rowspan="2" |'''611.143&nbsp;MHz''' (General Santos City) |'''37.01''' | rowspan="2" |[[Brigada Mass Media Corporation]] and [[Baycomms Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''Brigada News TV''' | rowspan="2" | Brigada TV | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 4:30 a.m. - midnight | Test broadcast (500 watts) |- | '''37.31''' | '''Brigada News TV 1seg''' | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8" | '''DXAH-DTV''' | rowspan="8" | '''51''' | rowspan="8" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (General Santos City and Soccsksargen) | '''51.01''' | rowspan="8" | Sphere Entertainment, Inc. and [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 4 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" | Fully migrated from Analog to Digital <br /> Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''51.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''51.03''' | '''KNOWLEDGE CHANNEL''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – 11 p.m. |- | '''51.04''' | '''BLAST MOVIES''' | [[Movie Central (Philippine TV channel)|Blast Movies]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''51.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''51.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''51.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''51.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- |} </div> ===Region XIII (Caraga Region)=== ===Agusan del Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXSB-TV|DXSB-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Butuan City and Caraga) |'''26.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Butuan]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''26.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''26.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''26.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' |[[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''26.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''26.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''26.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | GMA Butuan Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Butuan City and Caraga) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network, Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Butuan]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.31''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Butuan Relay]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | [[DXNS-TV|DXNS-DTV]] | '''27''' | '''551.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Butuan City and Caraga) | '''7.01''' | rowspan="1" | Northern Mindanao Broadcasting System | '''Bee TV''' | [[DXNS-TV|Bee TV]] | rowspan="1" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. – 11 p.m. (the next day) | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (500 watts) |- |} </div> ===Agusan del Sur=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Surigao del Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Surigao del Sur=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===BARMM (Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao)=== ===Maguindanao del Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DXMC-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''42''' | rowspan="7" | '''641.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cotabato City, Maguindanao del Norte and Maguindanao del Sur) | '''12.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Cotabato]] | rowspan="6" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''12.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''12.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | Test broadcast |- | '''12.31''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | GMA Cotabato relay | [[4:3]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Sulu=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Filipino television stations| ]] [[Category:Philippine television-related lists]] h0lz70rml7hfl32qhbvzghi6i0c3ik5 10368649 10368646 2025-07-03T01:43:11Z 103.144.157.183 10368649 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|the list of television stations|List of television stations in the Philippines}} {{Use American English|date=August 2019}} [[File:Digital broadcast standards.svg|thumb|400x400px|Digital TV Standards around the world.]] This is the '''list of the stations on digital television in the Philippines'''.<ref>{{cite web |title=NTC List of DTTB Stations via FOI website |url=http://storage.googleapis.com/request-attachments/3qwepDblYFlFpRIAxnpr8DeBq7m2qrvCyUDjZHDqcWYLHU55YohnTf2QwdWk8xHnErMQ6iIXPAiLJZM2qJGi32oxvPDGCessrNvB/NTC%20FOI%20223511250758.pdf |website=foi.gov.ph |date=September 6, 2019}}</ref> The availability of channels to viewers depends on their location. The National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) has adopted the ISDB-Tb standard for Philippine television. {{Update section|date=April 2025}} ==Background== [[File:ISDB-T CH Seg Prog allocation.svg|thumb|ISDB-T Segments]] Updated as of {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dtvpilipinas.org/ |title=DTV Pilipinas official website |access-date=2020-11-19 |archive-date=2020-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716060054/https://www.dtvpilipinas.org/ |url-status=dead }} {{cite web |url=https://dtvpilipinas.blogspot.com |title=DTV Pilipinas official blogsite }}</ref> Most channels are still under test broadcast. All analog services are expected to be terminated by the end of 2025.<ref name=ntcph>{{cite news |title=Gov't wants analog TV switched off by 2023 |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/599484/money/companies/gov-t-wants-analog-tv-switched-off-by-2023 |work=GMA News Online |date=February 14, 2017 |author=Cabuenas, Jon Viktor D.}}</ref> <nowiki>*</nowiki>''Data collected from sources and some wiki pages.'' ''*Channels received may vary with location or with the strength of the signal of the broadcaster.'' ''*Most of the channels are in the phase of test broadcast, resulting to some places that cannot receive other stations due to dead spots and low transmitting power among stations.'' ''*Some Channels are encrypted and can only be accessed through select set-top box or mobile dongle manufacturers.'' {{clear}} ==Metro Manila== ===National Capital Region (NCR)=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWGT-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''14''' | rowspan="5" | '''473.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''4.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV HD''' | rowspan="2" | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 7 a.m. - 1 a.m. | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW TPO; 25 kW ERP) |- |'''4.02''' | '''PTV SD''' | rowspan="3" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- |'''4.03''' | '''PTV NEWS''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 6 a.m. - 8 p.m. |- | '''4.04''' | '''PTV SPORTS''' | [[PTV Sports (TV Program)|PTV Sports Network]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- |'''4.05''' | '''PTV 1SEG''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | [[16:9]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - midnight <br /> Weekends: 7 a.m. - midnight | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DZBB-TV]] | rowspan="7" | '''27''' | rowspan="7" | '''551.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''27.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i|720p]] [[SDTV]] | MON - FRI (6AM to 12AM) SAT - SUN (5AM to 12AM) | rowspan="5" | TRANSMITTER BROADCAST (20KW TPO / 100KW ERP) |- | '''27.02''' | '''NEWS TV''' | [[DOBOL B TV|NEWS TV]] | rowspan="1" |MON - FRI (6AM to 12AM) SAT - SUN (6AM to 12AM) |- | '''27.03''' | PINOY HITS | [[PINOY HITS]] | rowspan="1" | MON - FRI (6AM to 12AM) SAT - SUN (6AM to 12AM) |- | | | | |- | | | | |- | | |- | | | | | | |- | rowspan="1" | [[DZMV-TV]] | rowspan="1" | '''16''' | rowspan="1" | '''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''ALLTV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7:00 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (10 kW TPO/25 kW ERP) |- | rowspan="3"| [[DZTV-TV]] | rowspan="3"| '''17''' | rowspan="3"| '''491.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''13.01''' | rowspan="3"| [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''IBC HD''' | rowspan="1"| [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC 13]] | rowspan="3" [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1"| Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 11:00 p.m. <br /> Weekends: 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. | rowspan="3"| Test broadcast (3 kW TPO/ 8 kW ERP) |- | '''13.02''' | '''Congress TV''' | rowspan="1"| [[Congress TV]] | rowspan="1"| 9:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. |- | '''13.03''' | '''DWAN HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[DWAN-AM|DWAN 1206 TV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:00 a.m. – midnight |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWET-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DZKB-TV]] | rowspan="3" | '''19''' | rowspan="3" | '''503.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''19.01''' | rowspan="1" |[[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN''' | [[DZKB-TV|RPN]] | 16:9 [[480i]] [[High-definition|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (5 kW TPO 10 kW ERP) |- |'''19.02''' | rowspan="1" |[[Nine Media Corporation]], [[Radio Philippines Network]] and [[Cignal TV]] (Operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] from [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc]].) | '''RPTV HD''' | [[RPTV (TV channel)|RPTV]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. - midnight |- | '''19.06''' | rowspan="1" | [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN 1Seg''' | RPN | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DZOE-TV]] | rowspan="3" | '''20''' | rowspan="3" | '''509.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''20.21''' | rowspan="3" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. <br /> Sunday: 5 a.m. - 12:15 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW TPO; 30 kW ERP) |- | '''20.24''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. - 9 p.m. |- | '''20.31''' | '''A2Z OneSeg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. <br /> Sunday: 5 a.m. - 12:15 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="4" | [[DWCP-DTV]] | rowspan="4" | '''21''' | rowspan="4" | '''515.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''21.01''' | rowspan="4" |[[Southern Broadcasting Network]] and [[Solar Entertainment Corporation]] | '''SolarFlix''' | [[SolarFlix]] | rowspan="4" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="4" | 6 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="4" | Fully migrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (3 kW) |- | '''21.02''' | '''Solar Sports''' | [[Solar Sports]] |- | '''21.03''' | '''DepEd ALS''' | [[Solar Learning]]/[[DepEd TV|DepEd TV ALS]] |- | '''21.04''' | '''Shop TV''' | [[Shop TV]] |- | rowspan="2" | [[Aliw Broadcasting Corporation|DWIZ-DTV]] | rowspan="2" | '''23''' | rowspan="2" | '''527.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''23.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Aliw Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''ALIW 23 HD''' | rowspan="2" | [[Aliw Channel 23|ALIW 23]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 4 a.m. - 10 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast / Configuration Testing (5 kW) |- | '''23.02''' | '''ALIW 23 SD''' | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="2" | [[DZRH-TV]] | rowspan="2" | '''24''' | rowspan="2" | '''533.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''24.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Manila Broadcasting Company]] | '''DZRH TV''' | rowspan="2" | [[DZRH News Television]] | 16.9 [[720p]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 24 hours | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''24.31''' | '''DZRH TV 1seg''' | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DZEC-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''28''' | rowspan="5" | '''557.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''28.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25 HD''' | rowspan="2" | [[Net 25]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="5" | 24 hours | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''28.02''' | '''NET 25 SD''' | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''28.03''' | ''' INCTV HD''' | {{n/a|Grey screen}} | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] |- | '''28.04''' | '''INCTV SD''' | [[DZCE-TV|INC TV]] | rowspan="1" |16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''28.05''' | '''EBC RESERVED''' | [[Net 25]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] |- | rowspan="5" |[[DZRJ-DTV]] | rowspan="5" |'''29''' | rowspan="5" |'''563.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''29.21''' | rowspan="5" |[[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''RJ DigiTV''' | [[DZRJ-DTV | RJ DigiTV]] | rowspan="5" |16:9 [[480i]] [[Standard-definition television|SDTV]] | 5 a.m. - 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (still on test broadcast) (2.5 kW) (poor signal transmission) |- | '''29.22''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | 24 Hours |- | '''29.23''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] | 5 a.m. - midnight |- | '''29.24''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | RJ Rock TV | 5 a.m. - 2 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''29.25''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="8" | [[DWKC-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''31''' | rowspan="8" | '''575.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''31.01''' | rowspan="8" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRIME TV''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] |[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 4 a.m. - midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" |Fully migrated from analog to digital <br> Commercial broadcast (5 kW TPO/25kW ERP) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. to midnight |- | '''31.03''' | '''Knowledge Channel''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. - 11 p.m. |- | '''31.04''' | '''BLAST MOVIES''' | [[Movie Central (Philippine TV channel)|Blast Movies]] | 6 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''31.05''' | '''Bilyonaryo News Channel''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[Pilipinas HD]] / [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DZOZ-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''33''' | rowspan="3" | '''587.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''33.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] | '''Light TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | rowspan="2" |16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="3" | Monday - Saturday: 8 a.m. - 8 p.m. <br /> Sunday: 7 a.m. - 8 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Still under test broadcast) (5 kW TPO; 25 kW ERP) |- | '''33.02''' | '''Light TV SD1''' | rowspan="1" | Light TV Promotional channel |- | '''33.31''' | '''Light TV 1seg''' | rowspan="1" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWAO-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''38''' | rowspan="5" | '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''55.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Progressive Broadcasting Corporation]] and [[Information Broadcast Unlimited]] | '''UNTV''' | [[UNTV (Philippines)|UNTV]] | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="5" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW) (poor signal transmission) |- | '''55.02''' | '''STV''' | [[STV (Philippines)|STV]] / currently mirror feed from [[UNTV (Philippines)|UNTV]] | rowspan="2" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] |- | '''55.03''' | '''TRUTH CHANNEL''' | [[Truth Channel]] |- | '''55.04''' | '''UNTV Reserve''' | {{n/a|Blank feed}} | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | {{n/a|Black screen}} |- | '''55.31''' | '''UNTV 1SEG''' | [[UNTV (Philippines)|UNTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="2" |[[DWDE-TV]] | rowspan="2" |'''42''' | rowspan="2" |'''641.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''42.01''' | rowspan="2" |[[Brigada Mass Media Corporation]] | '''BRIGADA TV-HD''' | Brigada TV | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 4:00 a.m to 12:30 a.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''42.02''' | '''BRIGADA TV-SD''' | [[DWBM-FM|105.1 Brigada News FM Mega Manila]] | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="4" |[[DWVN-DTV]] | rowspan="4" |'''45''' | rowspan="4" |'''659.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''45.01''' | rowspan="4" |[[Gateway UHF Television Broadcasting]] and [[Global Satellite Technology Services]] | '''Hope Phil''' | rowspan="3" | [[Hope Channel Philippines]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="4" | 24 hours | rowspan="4" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Still under test broadcast) (3.5 kW) (poor signal transmission) |- | '''45.02''' | '''Hope Intl''' | rowspan="3"| 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''45.03''' | '''Hope Live''' |- | '''45.04''' | '''OMN SD''' | [[One Media Network]] |- | rowspan="3" |[[DZCE-TV]] | rowspan="3" |'''49''' | rowspan="3" |'''683.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''01.01''' | rowspan="3" |[[Christian Era Broadcasting Service International]] | '''INC TV HD''' | rowspan="3" | [[DZCE-TV|INC TV]] | rowspan="2" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 4 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (10kW) |- | '''01.02''' | '''INC TV HD1''' |- | '''01.03''' | '''INC TV SD''' | rowspan="1" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWNB-TV|DWNB-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''51''' | rowspan="5" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (Mirror feed from DTT-18) (5.5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ==Luzon== ===Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)=== ===Benguet=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="2" | [[DZHB-TV|DZHB-DTV]] | rowspan="2" | '''17''' | rowspan="2" | '''491.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''17.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''IBC''' | [[DZHB-TV|IBC 13]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 11:00 p.m. <br /> Weekends: 7:00 a.m. – 10:00 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (1 kW TPO/10 kW ERP) |- | '''17.02''' | '''Congress TV''' | [[Congress TV]] | rowspan="1" | 9:00 a.m. – 9:00 p.m. |- | rowspan="3" | [[DZBS-TV|DZBS-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''19''' | rowspan="3" | '''503.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''19.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN''' | [[DZBS-TV|RPN Baguio]] | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | (Test broadcast 5 kW TPO/30 kW ERP) |- | '''19.02''' | rowspan="1" | [[Radio Philippines Network]], [[Nine Media Corporation]] and [[Cignal TV]] | '''RPTV''' | [[RPTV (TV channel)|RPTV]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m – midnight |- | '''19.06''' | rowspan="1" | [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN 1seg''' | RPN Baguio Relay | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8" | [[DWHB-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''26''' | rowspan="8" | '''545.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) |'''26.01''' | rowspan="8" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | rowspan="2"|[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 4 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" | Fully migrated from analog to digital <br> Commercial broadcast (5 kW TPO/25kW ERP) |- | '''26.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | 6 a.m. - midnight |- | '''26.03''' | '''Knowledge Channel''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3"| [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 6 a.m. to 11 p.m. |- | '''26.04''' | '''BEAM CINEMA''' | [[Beam Cinema (Philippine TV network)|Beam Cinema]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''26.05''' | '''Bilyonaryo News Channel''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="3" | Daily: 5 a.m. - midnight |- | '''26.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''26.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''26.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="1" | DWAY-DTV | rowspan="1" |'''30''' | rowspan="1" | '''569.143&nbsp;kW''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''ALL TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (10 kW TPO and 60 kW ERP) |- | rowspan="3" | DWOZ-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''32''' | rowspan="3" | '''581.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''32.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:15 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (10 kW TPO/30 kW ERP) |- | '''32.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. – 9 p.m. |- | '''32.31''' | '''A2Z OneSeg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:15 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DZEA-TV|DZEA-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''38''' | rowspan="7" | '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''10.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DZEA-TV|GMA Dagupan/Baguio]] | rowspan="6" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (15 kW TPO/90 kW ERP) |- | '''10.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''10.11''' | rowspan="1" {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Black Screen}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''10.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[DZEA-TV|GMA Dagupan/Baguio Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[D-8-XM-TV|D-8-XM-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''42''' | rowspan="5" | '''641.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) |'''4.01''' | rowspan="5" |[[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV Cordillera''' | [[D-8-XM-TV|PTV Cordillera]] | rowspan="1" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''4.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''4.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 5 a.m. – 8 p.m. |- | '''4.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV Program)|PTV Sports]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- | '''4.05''' | '''PTV 1seg''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="4" | [[DWFB-DTV]] | rowspan="4" |'''44''' | rowspan="4" |'''653.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Luzon) | '''44.01''' | rowspan="3" |[[Global Satellite Technology Services]] | '''GNN North Luzon''' | [[GNN North Luzon]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] (sometimes [[720p]] [[HDTV]]) | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="4" | Fully migrated from analog to digital / Test Broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''44.02''' | '''RNG TV''' | Highland TV / RNG Luzon |- | '''44.03''' | '''Golf TV''' | [[Golden Nation Network|Golf Channel]] |- | '''44.04''' | rowspan="1"|[[Global Satellite Technology Services]] and [[Gateway UHF Television Broadcasting]] | '''Hope Channel Philippines''' | [[Hope Channel Philippines]] |- | rowspan="3" | DWDM-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''46''' | rowspan="3" | '''665.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Luzon) | '''25.02''' | rowspan="3" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25''' | [[Net 25]] | rowspan="2" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''25.03''' | '''INC TV''' | [[INC TV]] |- | '''25.35''' | '''EAGLE FM''' | [[DWDM-FM|Eagle FM]] | {{n/a|ISDB-T RADIO}} |- | rowspan="5" | [[DZET-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''51''' | rowspan="5" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DZET-TV|TV5 Baguio Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00 a.m. - 1:45 a.m. (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Mountain Province=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DZVG-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''29''' | rowspan="7" | '''563.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cordillera and Cagayan Valley) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | GMA Mountain Province | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | rowspan="1" {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Black Screen}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''5.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | GMA Mountain Province Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Region I (Ilocos Region)=== ===Ilocos Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWTE-TV|DWTE-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Laoag and Ilocos Norte) |'''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday - Saturday 8:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) / Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | Monday to Sunday: 6 a.m. – midnight |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Ilocos Norte Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[D-5-AS-TV|D-5-AS-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''24''' | rowspan="7" | '''533.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Laoag and Ilocos Norte) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Ilocos Norte]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10&nbsp;kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | Test broadcast |- | '''5.21''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Ilocos Norte Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" |DWLJ-DTV | rowspan="5" |'''40''' | rowspan="5" |'''629.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Laoag and Ilocos Norte) | rowspan="5" | [[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''29.21''' | '''RJ DigiTV''' | RJ DigiTV Laoag | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Test broadcast 1 kW) |- | '''29.22''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | 24 Hours |- | '''29.23''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''29.24''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | RJ Rock TV | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''29.25''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="5"| D-11-ZV-DTV | rowspan="5"| '''42''' | rowspan="5"| '''641.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''4.01''' | rowspan="5"| [[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV Ilocos Norte''' | [[D-11-XM-TV|PTV Ilocos Norte]] | rowspan="1"| [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2"| Weekdays: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br> Weekends: 6 a.m. to 1 a.m. | rowspan="4"| Commercial broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''4.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''4.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 5 a.m. to 8 p.m. |- | '''4.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports Network]] | 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. |- | '''4.05''' | '''PTV 1SEG''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Ilocos Sur=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" |[[DWBC-TV|DWBC-DTV]] | rowspan="7" |'''15''' | rowspan="7" |'''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Vigan and Northern Luzon) |'''48.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DWBC-TV|GMA Ilocos Sur]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- |'''48.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''48.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''48.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' |[[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''48.05''' |'''I HEART MOVIES''' |[[I Heart Movies]] |- |'''48.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- |'''48.31''' |'''GMA 1SEG''' |[[DWBC-TV|GMA Ilocos Sur relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DWDI-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Vigan and Ilocos Sur) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Vigan]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Vigan Relay]] | 4:3 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DWTP-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''45''' | rowspan="5" | '''659.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Candon and Northern Luzon) | '''45.01''' | rowspan="5" | Tirad Pass Network | '''CTV''' | C.A.R LGU | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="5" | 5 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="5" | Test broadcast / Configuration testing (2.5 kW) |- | '''45.02''' | '''DZTP''' | [[DZTP]] | [[16:9]] [[720p]] [[HDTV]] |- | '''45.03''' | '''TPN''' | TPN | rowspan="3" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''45.04''' | '''ELYU TV''' | La Union LGU |- | '''45.05''' | '''CAB TV''' | CAB TV |- |} </div> ===Region II (Cagayan Valley)=== ===Batanes=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Cagayan=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel ![[Frequency]] ! width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DWZE-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tuguegarao and Cagayan) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tuguegarao]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tuguegarao Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DWRJ-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''29''' | rowspan="5" | '''563.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tuguegarao and Cagayan) | '''29.21''' | rowspan="5" | [[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''RJ DigiTV''' | RJ DigiTV Tuguegarao | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Test broadcast 1 kW) |- | '''29.22''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | 24 Hours |- | '''29.23''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''29.24''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | RJ Rock TV | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''29.25''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="7"| [[DWBB-TV|DWBB-DTV]] | rowspan="7"| '''33''' | rowspan="7"| '''587.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tuguegarao and Cagayan) | '''7.01''' | rowspan="7"| [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DWBB-TV|GMA Tuguegarao]] | rowspan="6"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''7.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1"| 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1"| Weekdays: 5 a.m. to midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2"| 6 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''7.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1"|Test broadcast |- | '''7.21''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | [[DWBB-TV|GMA Tuguegarao relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Isabela=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel ![[Frequency]] ! width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DWLE-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz ''' (Santiago, Isabela and Cagayan Valley) | '''7.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network]] | '''GMA''' | GMA Isabela | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''7.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" |Monday to Sunday: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. to midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. to midnight |- | '''7.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''7.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''7.31''' | '''GMA 1seg''' | GMA Isabela Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DWDH-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Santiago, Isabela and Cagayan Valley) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Isabela]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies'''''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Isabela Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Region III (Central Luzon)=== ===Pampanga=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="1" | DWAP-DTV | rowspan="1" |'''34''' | rowspan="1" |'''593.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Pampanga and Central Luzon) | '''34.01''' | rowspan="1" |[[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]] | '''ALL TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- | rowspan="1" | [[DWRW-TV|DWRW-DTV]] | rowspan="1" |'''36''' | rowspan="1" |'''605.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Pampanga and Central Luzon) |'''36.01''' | rowspan="1" |[[Central Luzon Television|RadioWorld Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''CLTV 36''' | [[Central Luzon Television]] | rowspan="1" |16:9 [[720p]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1"| Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. - 10:30 p.m. | rowspan="1" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (2.5 kW) |- | rowspan="4" | [[DWFU-DTV]] | rowspan="4" |'''44''' | rowspan="4" |'''653.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Pampanga) |'''44.01''' | rowspan="3" |Infomax Television and [[Global Satellite Technology Services]] | '''GNN''' | GNN Pampanga |[[DWFU-DTV]] | rowspan="4" |4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="4" | 5:00 a.m. to midnight | rowspan="4" | Fully migrated from analog to digital Test Broadcast/Configuration Testing (500 watts) |- |'''44.02''' | '''GNN Central Luzon''' |{{n/a|Black Screen}} |- |'''44.03''' |'''Golf TV''' | [[One Media Network|Golf Channel]] |- |'''44.04''' | rowspan="1" | [[Global Satellite Technology Services]] and [[Gateway UHF Broadcasting]] | '''Hope Channel Phils''' | [[Hope Channel Philippines]] |- |} </div> ===Tarlac=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DZJA-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tarlac City and Central Luzon) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tarlac Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="1" | DWAL-DTV | rowspan="1" | '''34''' | rowspan="1" | '''593.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tarlac City and Central Luzon) |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] | '''All TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV|All TV Tarlac Relay]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- |} </div> ===Zambales=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Olongapo City, Bataan and Zambales) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Olongapo]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Olongapo Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" |[[DWNS-TV|DWNS-DTV]] | rowspan="7" |'''38''' | rowspan="7" |'''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Olongapo City, Bataan and Zambales) |'''10.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DWNS-TV|GMA Olongapo]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- |'''10.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''10.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' |[[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''10.06''' |'''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- |'''10.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- |'''10.31''' |'''GMA 1Seg''' |GMA Olongapo Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Region IV-A (Calabarzon)=== ===Batangas=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" |[[D-12-ZB-TV|D-12-ZB-DTV]] | rowspan="7" |'''32''' | rowspan="7" |'''581.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Batangas and Calabarzon) |'''12.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[D-12-ZB-TV|GMA Batangas]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- |'''12.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' |[[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''12.06''' |'''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- |'''12.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- |'''12.31''' |'''GMA 1-Seg''' |[[D-12-ZB-TV|GMA Batangas Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8"| DWAG-DTV | rowspan="8"| '''36''' | rowspan="8"| '''605.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Batangas and CALABARZON) | '''36.01''' | rowspan="8"| Sphere Entertainment, Inc. and [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME ''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Sunday 4:00 a.m. – 10:30 p.m. | rowspan="8"| Fully migrated from Analog to Digital <br> (Commercial broadcast 5 kW TPO/25 kW ERP) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1"| 6 a.m. to midnight | rowspan="1"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.03''' | '''KNOWLEDGE CHANNEL''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="1"| 6 a.m. to 11 p.m. | rowspan="3"| [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.04''' | '''BEAM CINEMA''' | [[Beam Cinema (Philippine TV network)|Beam Cinema]] | rowspan="1"| 6 a.m. to midnight |- | '''31.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4"|5 a.m. to midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"|[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="1" | DWAV-DTV | rowspan="1" | '''46''' | rowspan="1" | '''665.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Batangas and Calabarzon) |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] | '''All TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. - midnight (the next day) | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast / Configuration Testing (10 kW TPO/30 kW ERP) |- | rowspan="5" | DWBD-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''51''' | rowspan="5" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Batangas and Calabarzon) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Batangas]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Batangas Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Quezon Province=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Lucena City and Quezon) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Lucena]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One PH]] | 6 a.m – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Lucena Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="3" | '''51''' | rowspan="3" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Lucena City and Quezon) | '''25.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25''' | [[Net 25]] | rowspan="2" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW)<br>Interference with DWBD-TV TV5 Batangas DTT on UHF 51. |- | '''25.02''' | '''INC TV''' | [[INC TV]] |- | '''25.03''' | '''Eagle FM''' | [[DWDM-FM|Eagle FM]] | {{n/a|ISDB-T RADIO}} |- |} </div> ===Rizal=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Region IV-B (Mimaropa)=== ===Occidental Mindoro=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | D-13-ZR-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Occidental Mindoro) | '''13.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)| GMA Network]] | '''GMA''' | GMA Occidental Mindoro | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br/> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''13.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''13.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''13.11''' | {{n/a|'''UNNAMED'''}} | {{n/a|Black screen}} | {{TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''13.31''' | '''GMA 1seg''' | GMA Occidental Mindoro Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (San Jose, and Occidental Mindoro) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 San Jose Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Palawan=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DYPU-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Puerto Princesa and Palawan) | '''12.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network]] | '''GMA''' | GMA Palawan | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: <br> 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''12.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''12.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''12.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''12.31''' | '''GMA 1seg''' | GMA Palawan Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DWDD-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Puerto Princesa and Palawan) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Nation Broadcasting Corporation]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Puerto Princesa]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Puerto Princesa Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:30 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="1" | DWDW-DTV | rowspan="1" |'''38''' | rowspan="1" | '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Puerto Princesa and Palawan) | '''38.01''' | rowspan="1" |[[Bandera News Philippines]] (Fairwaves Broadcasting Network) | '''Bandera News TV''' | [[Bandera News Philippines|Bandera News TV]] | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1"| Daily 4:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (500 watts) |- |} </div> ===Romblon=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |- | rowspan="4" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="4" | '''18''' | rowspan="4" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tablas, Romblon) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and [[Cignal TV]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Romblon]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="3" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' |[[Cignal TV]] and [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPTV''' | RPTV | 6 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | rowspan="2" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and [[Cignal TV]] | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday - Saturday 8:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) / Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Romblon Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday, Tuesday, Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Wednesday, Thursday 5:00 a.m. - 12:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:30 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Region V (Bicol Region)=== ===Albay=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DWLB-TV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Legazpi City and Albay) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Legazpi]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Legazpi Relay]] | 4:3 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DZPN-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''39''' | rowspan="5" | '''623.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Legazpi City and Albay) | '''4.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV Legazpi''' | [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) – Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''4.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''4.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas]] | 5 a.m. – 8 p.m. |- | '''4.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- | '''4.05''' | '''PTV 1SEG''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | [[4:3]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) / Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DWLA-TV|DWLA-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''41''' | rowspan="7" | '''635.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Legazpi City and Albay) |'''12.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DWLA-TV|GMA Legazpi]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''12.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''12.12''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''12.35''' | '''GMA1SEG''' | [[DWLA-TV|GMA Legazpi Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Camarines Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Camarines Sur=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="8" | [[DWHC-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''32''' | rowspan="8" | '''571.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Naga and Camarines Sur) |'''32.01''' | rowspan="8" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] |[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 4 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="8" |Fully migrated from analog to digital <br> Commercial broadcast (5 kW TPO/25kW ERP) |- | '''32.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1"|[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 6 a.m. - midnight |- | '''32.03''' | '''Knowledge Channel''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3"|[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 6 a.m. – 11 p.m. |- | '''32.04''' | '''BEAM BOX OFFICE''' | [[Beam Cinema (Philippine TV network)|Beam Cinema]] | 6 a.m. to midnight |- | '''32.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | RESERVED | rowspan="3" |Daily: 5:30 a.m. - midnight |- | '''32.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"| 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''32.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''32.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | RESERVED | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DWAI-TV]] | rowspan="7" | '''38''' | rowspan="7" | '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Naga and Camarines Sur) |'''7.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DWAI-TV|GMA Naga]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''7.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''7.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''7.35''' | '''GMA1SEG''' | [[DWAI-TV|GMA Naga Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWMA-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''46''' | rowspan="5" | '''665.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Naga) | '''8.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV HD1''' | rowspan="1"| [[DWMA-TV|PTV Bicol]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''8.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''8.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas TV]] | 5 a.m. – 8 p.m. |- | '''8.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- | '''8.05''' | '''PTV 1seg''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) <br/> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="3" | '''47''' | rowspan="3" | '''671.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Naga) | '''25.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25''' | [[Net 25]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''25.02''' | '''INCTV''' | [[INCTV]] | 16:9 [[720p]] [[HDTV]] |- | '''25.03''' | '''EAGLE FM''' | [[DWDM-FM|Eagle FM]] | {{n/a|ISDB-T RADIO}} |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWFA-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''48''' | rowspan="5" | '''677.143&nbsp;MHz''' <br/>(Metro Naga) |'''48.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Global Satellite Technology Services]] | '''GNN''' | rowspan="1" | [[Golden Nation Network]] Local Programs | rowspan="5" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''48.02''' | '''DepEd TV - Telearalan''' | rowspan="1" | [[DepEd TV]] Local Programs |- | '''48.03''' | '''LGU Naga''' | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Black Screen}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Configuration Testing}} |- | '''48.04''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 hours | Test Broadcast |- | '''48.05''' | '''Reserved Channel GNN Naga TV48''' | rowspan="1" | [[Golden Nation Network]] | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Black Screen}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Configuration Testing}} |- | rowspan="6" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="6" | '''50''' | rowspan="6" | '''689.143&nbsp;MHz''' ([[Nabua, Camarines Sur]]) |'''19.01''' | rowspan="6" | [[ Polytechnic State University of Bicol|PSUB]] and [[Philippine Collective Media Corporation|PCMC]] | '''PSUBTv''' | PSUB TV | rowspan="6" |[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="6" |9 a.m. - 8 p.m. | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''19.02''' | '''PSUB COHS''' | The TLC Channel |- | '''19.03''' | '''PSUB COBM''' | College of Business Management |- | '''19.04''' | '''PSUB COEAS''' | BigCAS Channel | rowspan="3" {{n/a|Configuration Testing}} |- | '''19.05''' | '''PSUB Graduate School''' | The Grad-Ed Channel |- | '''19.06''' | '''PSUB COE''' | College of Engineering |- | rowspan="5" | DWNA-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''51''' | rowspan="5" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Naga and Camarines Sur) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Nation Broadcasting Corporation]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Naga]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Naga Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Catanduanes=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Virac, Catanduanes) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Virac]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Virac Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="1" | DWAU-DTV | rowspan="1" | '''28''' | rowspan="1" | '''557.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Virac and Catanduanes) | '''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advance Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under local [[marketing agreement| blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]] | '''ALLTV HD''' | [[ALLTV]] | [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | Monday to Sunday 7:00 a.m. – midnight | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- | rowspan="7"| [[D-13-ZC-TV|D-13-ZC-DTV]] | rowspan="7"| '''38''' | rowspan="7"| '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Virac and Catanduanes) | '''13.01''' | rowspan="7"| [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[D-13-ZC-TV|GMA Catanduanes]] | rowspan="6" |[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''13.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" |Monday to Sunday: 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. to midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''13.11'' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1"| Test broadcast |- | '''13.21''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | [[D-13-ZC-TV|GMA Catanduanes relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Masbate=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="4" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="4" | '''18''' | rowspan="4" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Masbate and Bicol Region) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Masbate]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="3" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' |[[Cignal TV]] and [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPTV''' | RPTV | 6 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | rowspan="2" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday - Saturday 8:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) / Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Masbate Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday, Tuesday, Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. / Wednesday, Thursday 5:00 a.m. - 12:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:30 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Sorsogon=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DWSS-TV | rowspan="5" | '''51''' | rowspan="5" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Sorsogon and Bicol Region) |- | '''5.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Sorsogon]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="3" | Fully Mirgrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' |[[Cignal TV]] and [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPTV''' | RPTV | 6 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | rowspan="2" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday - Saturday 8:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) / Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Sorsogon Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday, Tuesday, Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. / Wednesday, Thursday 5:00 a.m. - 12:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:30 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ==Visayas== ===Region VI (Western Visayas)=== ===Aklan=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel ![[Frequency]] ! width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DYCJ-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Kalibo, Aklan and Western Visayas) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="4" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Kalibo]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4"| Test broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | Monday to Sunday: 6 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Kalibo Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Capiz=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | [[DYAM-TV|DYAM-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Roxas, Capiz and Western Visayas) | '''7.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DYAM-TV|GMA Roxas]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10&nbsp;kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | Test broadcast |- | '''5.21''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[DYAM-TV|GMA Roxas Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DYMD-TV|DYMD-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Roxas, Capiz) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Roxas]] | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (5&nbsp;kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Roxas Relay]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Iloilo=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Provisional Authority}} | rowspan="1" |'''16''' | rowspan="1" |'''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''16.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''ALL TV HD''' | rowspan="1" |[[All TV]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" |Monday to Sunday: 8:00 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="1" |Test broadcast (10 kW) |- | rowspan="2" | [[DYJB-TV]] | rowspan="2" | '''17''' | rowspan="2" | '''491.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''12.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''IBC''' | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC 13]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[HDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 11 p.m. <br /> Weekends: 7 a.m. - 10 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (3 kW) |- | '''12.02''' |'''Congress TV''' |[[Congress TV]] |9 a.m. – 9 p.m. |- | rowspan="5" | [[DYMB-TV|DYMB-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[DYMB-TV|TV5 Iloilo]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00 a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.31''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DYMB-TV|TV5 Iloilo Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | DYZA-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''20''' | rowspan="3" | '''509.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''20.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] by [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Iloilo]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (5.5 kW) |- | '''20.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. - 9 p.m. |- | '''20.22''' | '''A2Z 1Seg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Iloilo Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DYDY-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''23''' | rowspan="5" | '''527.143&nbsp;MHz''' <br/>(Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) |'''4.01''' | rowspan="5" |[[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV Iloilo''' | [[DYDY-TV|PTV Iloilo]] | rowspan="1" |16:9 [[1080i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="2" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- |'''4.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3"|[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- |'''4.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 5 a.m. – 8 p.m. |- | '''4.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- | '''4.05''' | '''PTV 1seg''' |[[People's Television Network|PTV]] |4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8" | [[DYRM-TV|DYRM-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''26''' | rowspan="8" | '''545.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''26.01''' | rowspan="8"| [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | rowspan="1" | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | rowspan="2" |[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 4 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="7" | Fully migrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''26.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast Sports]] | 6 a.m – midnight (the next day) |- | '''26.03''' | '''Knowledge Channel''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3"|[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. - 11 p.m. |- | '''26.04''' | '''BEAM CINEMA''' | [[Beam Cinema (Philippine TV network)|Beam Cinema]] | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''26.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="3"| 5 a.m. - midnight |- | '''26.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''26.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''26.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DYXX-TV]] | rowspan="7" | '''29''' | rowspan="7" | '''563.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''6.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DYXX-TV|GMA Iloilo]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''6.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''6.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''6.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''6.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''6.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''6.31''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | [[DYXX-TV|GMA Iloilo Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="2" | DYOK-TV | rowspan="2" | '''43''' | rowspan="2" | '''647.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo) | '''0.21''' | rowspan="2" | [[Manila Broadcasting Company]] | '''DZRH NEWS TV''' | rowspan="2" | [[DZRH News Television]] | 16:9 [[480p]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 24 Hours | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''0.31''' | '''DZRH NEWS TV 1seg''' | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Negros Occidental=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DYGM-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Murcia Negros Occidental and Western Visayas) | '''13.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Murcia]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''13.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''13.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''13.31''' | '''GMA1SEG''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Murcia Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="1" |[[Advance Media Broadcasting System|DYAG-DTV]] | rowspan="1" | '''16''' | rowspan="1" | '''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Bacolod and Negros Occidental) |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''All TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV|All TV Bacolod]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday - 7 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast / Configuration Testing (10kW) |- | rowspan="5" |[[DYTE-TV|DYTE-DTV]] | rowspan="5" |'''18''' | rowspan="5" |'''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Bacolod and Negros Occidental) |'''5.01''' | rowspan="4" |[[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' |[[DYTE-TV|TV5 Bacolod]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- |'''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- |'''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday - Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.05''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DYTE-TV|TV5 Bacolod Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DYKB-TV|DYKB-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''19''' | rowspan="3" | '''503.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Bacolod and Negros Occidental) | '''19.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN''' | [[DYKB-TV|RPN Bacolod]] | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (5 kW TPO/10 kW) |- | '''19.02''' | rowspan="1" |[[Radio Philippines Network]], [[Nine Media Corporation]] and [[Cignal TV]] | '''RPTV''' | [[RPTV (TV channel)|RPTV]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''19.06''' | rowspan="1" |[[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN 1seg''' | RPN Bacolod relay | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | DYEC-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''22''' | rowspan="3" | '''521.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Bacolod and Negros Occidental) | '''22.01''' | rowspan="3" |[[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Bacolod]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m – 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5 a.m. – 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sunday: 5 a.m. – 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (5.5 kW) |- | '''22.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. – 9 p.m. |- | '''22.22''' | '''A2Z 1seg''' | [[A2Z TV (channel)|A2Z Bacolod relay]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. – 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6 a.m. – 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sunday: 6 a.m. – 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="2" | DYEZ-TV | rowspan="2" | '''39''' | rowspan="2" | '''623.143&nbsp;MHz'''<br/>(Metro Bacolod) | '''39.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Manila Broadcasting Company]] | '''DZRH TV''' | rowspan="2" | [[DZRH News Television]] | 16:9 [[480p]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 24 Hours | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''39.31''' | '''DZRH TV 1seg''' | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DWGM-TV]] | rowspan="7" | '''44''' | rowspan="7" | '''653.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Bacolod and Negros Occidental) | '''13.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Bacolod]] | rowspan="6" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- |'''13.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" |5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''13.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''13.31''' | '''GMA1SEG''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Bacolod Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Region VII (Central Visayas)=== ===Bohol=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Cebu=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="1" | [[Advance Media Broadcasting System|DYAE-DTV]] | rowspan="1" | '''16''' | rowspan="1" | '''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operating under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''All TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV|ALL TV Cebu]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast / Configuration Testing (10 kW TPO/30 kW ERP) |- | rowspan="2" | DYTV-TV | rowspan="2" | '''17''' | rowspan="2" | '''491.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) | '''13.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''IBC''' | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC 13]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[HDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 11 p.m. <br /> Weekends: 7 a.m. - 10 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (3 kW) |- |'''13.02''' |'''Congress TV''' |[[Congress TV]] |9 a.m. – 9 p.m. |- | rowspan="5" | [[DYET-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) |'''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[DYET-TV|TV5 Cebu]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | |- |'''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- |'''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday – Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DYET-TV|TV5 Cebu Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | DYNZ-DTV | rowspan="3" |'''20''' | rowspan="3" |'''509.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) | '''20.01''' | rowspan="3" |[[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Cebu]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (5.5 kW) |- | '''20.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. - 9 p.m. |- | '''20.22''' | '''A2Z 1Seg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Cebu Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="4" |DYGA-DTV | rowspan="4" |'''25''' | rowspan="4" |'''539.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) | '''25.01''' | rowspan="4" |[[Gateway UHF Television Broadcasting]] and [[Global Satellite Technology Services]] | '''Hope Cebu''' | rowspan="4" | [[Hope Channel Philippines]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480p]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="4" | 6 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="4" | Fully migrated from analog to digital / Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''25.02''' | '''Hope Philippines''' |- | '''25.03''' | '''Hope International''' |- | '''25.04''' | ''' AWR ''' |- | rowspan="7" |[[DYSS-TV]] | rowspan="7" |'''26''' | rowspan="7" |'''545.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) |'''7.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DYSS-TV|GMA Cebu]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- |'''7.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" |5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight |- |'''7.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' |[[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- |'''7.06''' |'''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- |'''7.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- |'''7.31''' |'''GMA 1SEG''' |[[DYSS-TV|GMA Cebu Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8" | [[DYCT-TV]] | rowspan="8" | '''31''' | rowspan="8" | '''575.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) | '''31.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | rowspan="2" |[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 4 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="7" |Fully migrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.03''' | '''KNOWLEDGE CHANNEL''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3" |[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – 11 p.m. |- | '''31.04''' | '''BEAM CINEMA''' | [[Beam Cinema (Philippine TV network)|Beam Cinema]] | rowspan="1"| 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4"| 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="2" | DYWF-DTV | rowspan="2" | '''36''' | rowspan="2" | '''605.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu) | '''36.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Brigada Mass Media Corporation]] | '''BRIGADA TV-HD''' | Brigada TV Cebu | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 4 a.m. – 12:30 a.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (500 watts) |- | '''36.02''' | '''BRIGADA TV-SD''' | [[DYAC-FM|90.7 Brigada News FM Cebu]] | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DYPT-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''42''' | rowspan="5" | '''641.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu) | '''04.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV HD1''' |[[DYPT-TV|PTV Cebu]] | rowspan="1" | [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- |'''04.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3"| 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''04.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 5 a.m. – 8 p.m. |- | '''04.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- | '''04.05''' | '''PTV 1seg''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="2" | [[DYBU-DTV]] | rowspan="2" | '''43''' | rowspan="2" | '''647.143&nbsp;MHz'''<br/>(Metro Cebu) | '''43.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Manila Broadcasting Company]] | '''DZRH TV''' | rowspan="2" | [[DZRH News Television]] | 16:9 [[480p]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 24 hours | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''43.31''' | '''DZRH TV 1seg''' | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DYFX-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''49''' | rowspan="3" | '''683.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu) | '''25.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25''' | [[Net 25]] | rowspan="2" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Still under test broadcast) (1 kW) |- | '''25.02''' | '''INC TV''' | [[INC TV]] |- | '''25.03''' | '''Eagle FM''' | [[DWDM-FM|Eagle FM]] | {{n/a|ISDB-T RADIO}} |} </div> ===Negros Oriental=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Dumaguete and Negros Oriental) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="4" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Dumaguete]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (5&nbsp;kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Dumaguete Relay]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[D-5-YB-TV|D-5-YB-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''22''' | rowspan="7" | '''521.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Dumaguete and Negros Oriental) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network]] | '''GMA''' | GMA Dumaguete | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''5.31''' | '''GMA1SEG''' | GMA Dumaguete relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Region VIII (Eastern Visayas)=== ===Eastern Samar=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Leyte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''21''' | rowspan="5" | '''515.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tacloban City and Eastern Visayas) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]] and Mediascape, Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tacloban]] | rowspan="4" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday – Friday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:00 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tacloban relay]] | [[4:3]] [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. – 1:00 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (, the next day) |- | rowspan="7" | DYCL-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''34''' | rowspan="7" | '''593.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tacloban City and Eastern Visayas) | '''10.01''' | rowspan="6" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Tacloban City]] | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="7" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''10.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''10.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''10.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Tacloban City Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: <br /> 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DYPR-TV (Tacloban)|DYPR-TV]] | rowspan="3" | '''50''' | rowspan="3" | '''689.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tacloban City) | '''27.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[Philippine Collective Media Corporation]] | '''PRTV TACLOBAN''' | [[DYPR-TV (Tacloban)|PRTV TACLOBAN]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday - Sunday: 6 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast/Configuration testing (2 kW) |- | '''27.02''' | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tacloban]] | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday, Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday: 5:00 a.m. - 12:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday: 6:30&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) / Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''27.03''' | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Tacloban]] ([[ZOE TV]]) | 16:9 [[720p]] [[HDTV]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. - 12:15 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 6 a.m. - 11:45 p.m. <br /> Sundays: 6 a.m. - 11:30 p.m. |- |} </div> ===Western Samar=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ==Mindanao== ===Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula)=== ===Zamboanga del Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | [[D-4-XT-TV|D-4-XT-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''46''' | rowspan="7" | '''665.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Dipolog and Zamboanga del Norte) | '''4.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network]] | '''GMA''' | [[D-4-XT-TV|GMA Dipolog]] | rowspan="6" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''4.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m – midnight (the next day) |- | '''4.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''4.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''4.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''4.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNAMMED)'''}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | Test broadcast |- | '''4.31''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | [[D-4-XT-TV|GMA Dipolog relay]] | [[4:3]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | 1seg |- |} </div> ===Zamboanga del Sur=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Zamboanga Sibugay=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Zamboanga City=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel ![[Frequency]] ! width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DXMZ-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Peninsula) |'''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Zamboanga]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- |'''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- |'''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Zamboanga Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:30 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8" | [[DXBE-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''31''' | rowspan="8" | '''575.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Peninsula) | '''31.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | rowspan="1" | [[Prime TV (TV channel)|PRTV Prime]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" | Fully migrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[TAP Sports#Blast Sports|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. to midnight |- | '''31.03''' | '''KNOWLEDGE CHANNEL''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. to 11 p.m. |- | '''31.04''' | '''BLAST MOVIES''' | [[Movie Central (Philippine TV channel)|Blast Movies]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="2" | [[DXAX-TV|DXAX-DTV]] | rowspan="2" | '''40''' | rowspan="2" | '''629.143&nbsp;MHz'''<br/>(Zamboanga City) | '''0.01''' | rowspan="2" | Westwind Broadcasting Corporation & [[eMedia Productions|eMedia Production Network]] | '''eMedia Digital TV''' | [[EMedia Productions|eMedia]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 4:45&nbsp;a.m. – 9:30&nbsp;p.m. | Fully migrated from analog to digital (1 kW) |- | '''0.02''' | '''ALLTV''' | [[All TV|ALL TV Zamboanga]] | Manila feed | Manila feed |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXLA-TV|DXLA-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''41''' | rowspan="7" | '''635.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Peninsula) |'''9.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DXLA-TV|GMA Zamboanga]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- |'''9.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" |5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''9.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''9.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''9.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- |'''9.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | Test broadcast |- | '''9.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | GMA Zamboanga Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DXZJ-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''45''' | rowspan="5" | '''659.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Peninsula) | '''29.21''' | rowspan="5" | [[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''RJ DigiTV''' | RJ DigiTV Zamboanga | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Test broadcast 1 kW) |- | '''29.22''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | 24 Hours |- | '''29.23''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] | 5 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''29.24''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | RJ Rock TV | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''29.25''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="6" | [[DXGB-TV|DXGB-DTV]] | rowspan="6" | '''51''' | rowspan="6" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Peninsula) | '''51.01''' | rowspan="6" | [[Golden Broadcast Professionals|Golden Broadcasting Professionals Inc.]] | '''GBPI HD''' | [[Golden Broadcast Professionals|Golden Broadcasting Professionals Inc.]]/[[DXGB-TV]] | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[720p]] [[SDTV]] | 5:00&nbsp;a.m. – 11:30&nbsp;p.m. | rowspan="1" | Test Broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''51.02''' | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5]] | rowspan="4" | Manila feed | rowspan="4" | Test Broadcast (Mirror feed from DTT-18) |- | '''51.03''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] |- | '''51.04''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] |- | '''51.05''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] |- | '''51.31''' | '''GBPI TV11one seg ''' |[[Golden Broadcast Professionals|Golden Broadcasting Professionals Inc.]]/[[DXGB-TV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | 5:00&nbsp;a.m. – 11:30&nbsp;p.m. | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Region X (Northern Mindanao)=== ===Bukidnon=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DXWK-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''44''' | rowspan="7" | '''653.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Bukidnon and Northern Mindanao) | '''12.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[GMA Network|GMA Bukidnon]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''12.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''12.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''12.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Bukidnon Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Lanao del Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Iligan City and Lanao del Norte) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network, Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Iligan]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:00 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5:00 a.m. – 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6:00 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.31''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Iligan Relay]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXRV-TV|DXRV-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''33''' | rowspan="7" | '''587.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Iligan City and Lanao del Norte) | '''11.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Iligan]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''11.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''11.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br> Weekends 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''11.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''11.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''11.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''11.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Iligan Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Misamis Occidental=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXGM-TV|DXGM-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Ozamiz and Misamis Occidental) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DXGM-TV|GMA Ozamiz]] | rowspan="6" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | Test broadcast |- | '''5.31''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | [[DXGM-TV|GMA Ozamiz relay]] | [[4:3]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Misamis Oriental=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel ![[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="1" | DXAL-DTV | rowspan="1" | '''16''' | rowspan="1" | '''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''All TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV|All TV Cagayan de Oro]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast / Configuration Testing (10kW) |- | rowspan="5" | [[DXTE-TV|DXTE-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) |'''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[DXTE-TV|TV5 Cagayan de Oro]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DXTE-TV|TV5 Cagayan de Oro Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DXEV-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''20''' | rowspan="3" | '''509.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan De Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) | '''20.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Cagayan De Oro]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (5.5 kW) |- | '''20.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. - 9 p.m. |- | '''20.22''' | '''A2Z 1Seg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Cagayan De Oro Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 6 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DXRJ-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''31''' | rowspan="5" | '''575.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) | '''29.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''RJTV''' | [[DXRJ-DTV|RJTV]] | rowspan="5" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. to 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from Analog to Digital (Test broadcast 5 kW) |- | '''29.02''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | rowspan="2" | 5 a.m. to midnight |- | '''29.03''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] |- | '''29.04''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | [[DZRJ-FM#Rock MNL|Rock MNL]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. to 2 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''29.05''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="8" | [[DXVM-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''33''' | rowspan="8" | '''587.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) | '''31.01''' | rowspan="8" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | rowspan="1" | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 4 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[TAP Sports#Blast Sports|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.03''' | '''KNOWLEDGE CHANNEL''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – 11 p.m. |- | '''31.04''' | '''BLAST MOVIES''' | [[Movie Central (Philippine TV channel)|Blast Movies]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''31.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXJC-TV|DXJC-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''47''' | rowspan="7" | '''671.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) |'''12.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[GMA Network|GMA Cagayan de Oro]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''12.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''12.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | Test broadcast |- | '''12.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Cagayan de Oro Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | DXJG-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''51''' | rowspan="3" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro and Misamis Oriental) | '''51.01''' | rowspan="3" | Westwind Broadcasting Corporation | '''JAO DIGITAL TV''' | Jao TV | rowspan="3" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="3" | Monday - Sunday 6 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast/Configuration Testing (Poor signal transmission) |- | '''51.02''' | '''NOA TV''' | Acosta Reality Channel |- | '''51.03''' | '''DTV3 CH51''' | Videoke Test Feed |- |} </div> ===Region XI (Davao Region)=== ===Davao Region=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="1" | DXAK-DTV | rowspan="1" | '''16''' | rowspan="1" | '''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[Local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''ALLTV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[ALLTV]] | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[HDTV]] | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. to midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (10 kW) |- | rowspan="2" | [[DXTV-TV]] | rowspan="2" | '''17''' | rowspan="2" | '''491.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''17.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''IBC 13''' | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC 13]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[HDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 11 p.m. <br /> Weekends: 7 a.m. - 10 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (3 kW) |- |'''17.02''' |'''Congress TV''' |[[Congress TV]] |9 a.m. – 9 p.m. |- | rowspan="5" |[[DXET-TV|DXET-DTV]] | rowspan="5" |'''18''' | rowspan="5" |'''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" |[[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' |[[DXET-TV|TV5 Davao]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''OnePH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DXET-TV|TV5 Davao Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | DXEX-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''20''' | rowspan="3" | '''509.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''20.01''' | rowspan="3" |[[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Davao]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 p.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (5.5 kW) |- | rowspan="1" |'''20.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. - 9 p.m. |- | rowspan="1" |'''20.22''' | '''A2Z 1Seg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Davao Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 6 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 6 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="5"| [[DXRS-TV|DXRJ-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''28''' | rowspan="5" | '''557.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''29.21''' | rowspan="5" | [[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''RJ DigiTV''' | [[DXRS-TV|RJ DigiTV Davao]] | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Test broadcast; 1 kW) |- | '''29.22''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | 24 Hours |- | '''29.23''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] | 5 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''29.24''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | RJ Rock TV | 5 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''29.25''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="8"| [[DXKC-DTV]] | rowspan="8"| '''31''' | rowspan="8" |'''575.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''31.01''' | rowspan="8" |[[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | rowspan="1" | [[PRTV (Philippine TV channel)|PRTV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 4 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" |Fully migrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[TAP Sports#Blast Sports|Blast Sports]] | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.03''' | '''Knowledge Channel''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="2"|[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. - 11 p.m. |- | '''31.04''' | '''BLAST MOVIES''' | [[Movie Central (Philippine TV channel)|Blast Movies]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''31.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | TV Shop Philippines | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="7" |[[DXMJ-TV|DXMJ-DTV]] | rowspan="7" |'''37''' | rowspan="7" |'''611.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DXMJ-TV|GMA Davao]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (15 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''5.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' |[[DXMJ-TV|GMA Davao Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | DXSQ-DTV | '''38''' | '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Digos City) | '''38.01''' | [[Sagay Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''Kakampi TV''' | Kakampi TV | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 24 hours | Test broadcast (500 watts Low power signal) |- | rowspan="5" |[[DXNP-TV|DXNP-DTV]] | rowspan="5" |'''45''' | rowspan="5" |'''659.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao) | '''11.01''' | rowspan="5" |[[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV SD1''' |[[DXNP-TV|PTV Davao]] | rowspan="1" |[[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''11.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- |'''11.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 5 a.m. to 8 p.m. |- |'''11.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports Network]] | 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. |- |'''11.05''' | '''PTV 1seg''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | [[4:3]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DXED-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''49''' | rowspan="3" | '''683.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao) | '''25.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25''' | [[Net 25]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''25.02''' | '''INCTV''' | [[INCTV]] | 16:9 [[720p]] [[HDTV]] |- | '''25.03''' | '''EAGLE FM''' | [[DWDM-FM|Eagle FM]] | {{n/a|ISDB-T RADIO}} |- |} </div> ===Region XII (Soccsksargen)=== ===Cotabato=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===South Cotabato=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" |[[DXER-TV|DXER-DTV]] | rowspan="5" |'''18''' | rowspan="5" |'''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (General Santos City and Soccsksargen) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" |[[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' |[[DXTE-TV|TV5 General Santos]] | rowspan="4" |16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" |Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4"|Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DXER-TV|TV5 General Santos Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXBG-TV|DXBG-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''34''' | rowspan="7" | '''593.143&nbsp;MHz''' (General Santos City and Soccsksargen) | '''8.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DXBG-TV|GMA General Santos]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''8.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''8.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''8.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''8.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''8.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''8.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[DXBG-TV|GMA General Santos Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="2" |[[DXBC-TV|DXYM-DTV]] | rowspan="2" |'''37''' | rowspan="2" |'''611.143&nbsp;MHz''' (General Santos City) |'''37.01''' | rowspan="2" |[[Brigada Mass Media Corporation]] and [[Baycomms Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''Brigada News TV''' | rowspan="2" | Brigada TV | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 4:30 a.m. - midnight | Test broadcast (500 watts) |- | '''37.31''' | '''Brigada News TV 1seg''' | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8" | '''DXAH-DTV''' | rowspan="8" | '''51''' | rowspan="8" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (General Santos City and Soccsksargen) | '''51.01''' | rowspan="8" | Sphere Entertainment, Inc. and [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 4 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" | Fully migrated from Analog to Digital <br /> Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''51.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''51.03''' | '''KNOWLEDGE CHANNEL''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – 11 p.m. |- | '''51.04''' | '''BLAST MOVIES''' | [[Movie Central (Philippine TV channel)|Blast Movies]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''51.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''51.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''51.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''51.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- |} </div> ===Region XIII (Caraga Region)=== ===Agusan del Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXSB-TV|DXSB-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Butuan City and Caraga) |'''26.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Butuan]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''26.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''26.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''26.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' |[[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''26.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''26.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''26.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | GMA Butuan Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Butuan City and Caraga) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network, Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Butuan]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.31''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Butuan Relay]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | [[DXNS-TV|DXNS-DTV]] | '''27''' | '''551.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Butuan City and Caraga) | '''7.01''' | rowspan="1" | Northern Mindanao Broadcasting System | '''Bee TV''' | [[DXNS-TV|Bee TV]] | rowspan="1" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. – 11 p.m. (the next day) | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (500 watts) |- |} </div> ===Agusan del Sur=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Surigao del Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Surigao del Sur=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===BARMM (Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao)=== ===Maguindanao del Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DXMC-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''42''' | rowspan="7" | '''641.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cotabato City, Maguindanao del Norte and Maguindanao del Sur) | '''12.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Cotabato]] | rowspan="6" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''12.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''12.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | Test broadcast |- | '''12.31''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | GMA Cotabato relay | [[4:3]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Sulu=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Filipino television stations| ]] [[Category:Philippine television-related lists]] gjnx7wbad9brd3et20wwa9sgm11967y 10368652 10368649 2025-07-03T01:44:35Z 103.144.157.183 10368652 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|the list of television stations|List of television stations in the Philippines}} {{Use American English|date=August 2019}} [[File:Digital broadcast standards.svg|thumb|400x400px|Digital TV Standards around the world.]] This is the '''list of the stations on digital television in the Philippines'''.<ref>{{cite web |title=NTC List of DTTB Stations via FOI website |url=http://storage.googleapis.com/request-attachments/3qwepDblYFlFpRIAxnpr8DeBq7m2qrvCyUDjZHDqcWYLHU55YohnTf2QwdWk8xHnErMQ6iIXPAiLJZM2qJGi32oxvPDGCessrNvB/NTC%20FOI%20223511250758.pdf |website=foi.gov.ph |date=September 6, 2019}}</ref> The availability of channels to viewers depends on their location. The National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) has adopted the ISDB-Tb standard for Philippine television. {{Update section|date=April 2025}} ==Background== [[File:ISDB-T CH Seg Prog allocation.svg|thumb|ISDB-T Segments]] Updated as of {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dtvpilipinas.org/ |title=DTV Pilipinas official website |access-date=2020-11-19 |archive-date=2020-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716060054/https://www.dtvpilipinas.org/ |url-status=dead }} {{cite web |url=https://dtvpilipinas.blogspot.com |title=DTV Pilipinas official blogsite }}</ref> Most channels are still under test broadcast. All analog services are expected to be terminated by the end of 2025.<ref name=ntcph>{{cite news |title=Gov't wants analog TV switched off by 2023 |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/599484/money/companies/gov-t-wants-analog-tv-switched-off-by-2023 |work=GMA News Online |date=February 14, 2017 |author=Cabuenas, Jon Viktor D.}}</ref> <nowiki>*</nowiki>''Data collected from sources and some wiki pages.'' ''*Channels received may vary with location or with the strength of the signal of the broadcaster.'' ''*Most of the channels are in the phase of test broadcast, resulting to some places that cannot receive other stations due to dead spots and low transmitting power among stations.'' ''*Some Channels are encrypted and can only be accessed through select set-top box or mobile dongle manufacturers.'' {{clear}} ==Metro Manila== ===National Capital Region (NCR)=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWGT-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''14''' | rowspan="5" | '''473.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''4.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV HD''' | rowspan="2" | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 7 a.m. - 1 a.m. | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW TPO; 25 kW ERP) |- |'''4.02''' | '''PTV SD''' | rowspan="3" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- |'''4.03''' | '''PTV NEWS''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 6 a.m. - 8 p.m. |- | '''4.04''' | '''PTV SPORTS''' | [[PTV Sports (TV Program)|PTV Sports Network]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- |'''4.05''' | '''PTV 1SEG''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | [[16:9]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - midnight <br /> Weekends: 7 a.m. - midnight | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DZBB-TV]] | rowspan="7" | '''27''' | rowspan="7" | '''551.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''27.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA]] 27 | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i|720p]] [[SDTV]] | MON - FRI (6AM to 12AM) SAT - SUN (5AM to 12AM) | rowspan="5" | TRANSMITTER BROADCAST (20KW TPO / 100KW ERP) |- | '''27.02''' | '''NEWS TV''' | [[DOBOL B TV]] | rowspan="1" |MON - FRI (6AM to 12AM) SAT - SUN (6AM to 12AM) |- | '''27.03''' | PINOY HITS | [[PINOY HITS]] | rowspan="1" | MON - FRI (6AM to 12AM) SAT - SUN (6AM to 12AM) |- | | | | |- | | | | |- | | |- | | | | | | |- | rowspan="1" | [[DZMV-TV]] | rowspan="1" | '''16''' | rowspan="1" | '''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''ALLTV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7:00 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (10 kW TPO/25 kW ERP) |- | rowspan="3"| [[DZTV-TV]] | rowspan="3"| '''17''' | rowspan="3"| '''491.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''13.01''' | rowspan="3"| [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''IBC HD''' | rowspan="1"| [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC 13]] | rowspan="3" [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1"| Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 11:00 p.m. <br /> Weekends: 7:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. | rowspan="3"| Test broadcast (3 kW TPO/ 8 kW ERP) |- | '''13.02''' | '''Congress TV''' | rowspan="1"| [[Congress TV]] | rowspan="1"| 9:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. |- | '''13.03''' | '''DWAN HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[DWAN-AM|DWAN 1206 TV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:00 a.m. – midnight |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWET-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DZKB-TV]] | rowspan="3" | '''19''' | rowspan="3" | '''503.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''19.01''' | rowspan="1" |[[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN''' | [[DZKB-TV|RPN]] | 16:9 [[480i]] [[High-definition|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (5 kW TPO 10 kW ERP) |- |'''19.02''' | rowspan="1" |[[Nine Media Corporation]], [[Radio Philippines Network]] and [[Cignal TV]] (Operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] from [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc]].) | '''RPTV HD''' | [[RPTV (TV channel)|RPTV]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. - midnight |- | '''19.06''' | rowspan="1" | [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN 1Seg''' | RPN | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DZOE-TV]] | rowspan="3" | '''20''' | rowspan="3" | '''509.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''20.21''' | rowspan="3" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. <br /> Sunday: 5 a.m. - 12:15 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW TPO; 30 kW ERP) |- | '''20.24''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. - 9 p.m. |- | '''20.31''' | '''A2Z OneSeg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. <br /> Sunday: 5 a.m. - 12:15 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="4" | [[DWCP-DTV]] | rowspan="4" | '''21''' | rowspan="4" | '''515.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''21.01''' | rowspan="4" |[[Southern Broadcasting Network]] and [[Solar Entertainment Corporation]] | '''SolarFlix''' | [[SolarFlix]] | rowspan="4" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="4" | 6 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="4" | Fully migrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (3 kW) |- | '''21.02''' | '''Solar Sports''' | [[Solar Sports]] |- | '''21.03''' | '''DepEd ALS''' | [[Solar Learning]]/[[DepEd TV|DepEd TV ALS]] |- | '''21.04''' | '''Shop TV''' | [[Shop TV]] |- | rowspan="2" | [[Aliw Broadcasting Corporation|DWIZ-DTV]] | rowspan="2" | '''23''' | rowspan="2" | '''527.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''23.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Aliw Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''ALIW 23 HD''' | rowspan="2" | [[Aliw Channel 23|ALIW 23]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 4 a.m. - 10 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast / Configuration Testing (5 kW) |- | '''23.02''' | '''ALIW 23 SD''' | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="2" | [[DZRH-TV]] | rowspan="2" | '''24''' | rowspan="2" | '''533.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''24.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Manila Broadcasting Company]] | '''DZRH TV''' | rowspan="2" | [[DZRH News Television]] | 16.9 [[720p]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 24 hours | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''24.31''' | '''DZRH TV 1seg''' | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DZEC-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''28''' | rowspan="5" | '''557.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''28.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25 HD''' | rowspan="2" | [[Net 25]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="5" | 24 hours | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''28.02''' | '''NET 25 SD''' | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''28.03''' | ''' INCTV HD''' | {{n/a|Grey screen}} | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] |- | '''28.04''' | '''INCTV SD''' | [[DZCE-TV|INC TV]] | rowspan="1" |16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''28.05''' | '''EBC RESERVED''' | [[Net 25]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] |- | rowspan="5" |[[DZRJ-DTV]] | rowspan="5" |'''29''' | rowspan="5" |'''563.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''29.21''' | rowspan="5" |[[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''RJ DigiTV''' | [[DZRJ-DTV | RJ DigiTV]] | rowspan="5" |16:9 [[480i]] [[Standard-definition television|SDTV]] | 5 a.m. - 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (still on test broadcast) (2.5 kW) (poor signal transmission) |- | '''29.22''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | 24 Hours |- | '''29.23''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] | 5 a.m. - midnight |- | '''29.24''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | RJ Rock TV | 5 a.m. - 2 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''29.25''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="8" | [[DWKC-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''31''' | rowspan="8" | '''575.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''31.01''' | rowspan="8" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRIME TV''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] |[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 4 a.m. - midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" |Fully migrated from analog to digital <br> Commercial broadcast (5 kW TPO/25kW ERP) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. to midnight |- | '''31.03''' | '''Knowledge Channel''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. - 11 p.m. |- | '''31.04''' | '''BLAST MOVIES''' | [[Movie Central (Philippine TV channel)|Blast Movies]] | 6 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''31.05''' | '''Bilyonaryo News Channel''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[Pilipinas HD]] / [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DZOZ-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''33''' | rowspan="3" | '''587.143&nbsp;MHz''' |'''33.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] | '''Light TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | rowspan="2" |16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="3" | Monday - Saturday: 8 a.m. - 8 p.m. <br /> Sunday: 7 a.m. - 8 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Still under test broadcast) (5 kW TPO; 25 kW ERP) |- | '''33.02''' | '''Light TV SD1''' | rowspan="1" | Light TV Promotional channel |- | '''33.31''' | '''Light TV 1seg''' | rowspan="1" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWAO-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''38''' | rowspan="5" | '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''55.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Progressive Broadcasting Corporation]] and [[Information Broadcast Unlimited]] | '''UNTV''' | [[UNTV (Philippines)|UNTV]] | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="5" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW) (poor signal transmission) |- | '''55.02''' | '''STV''' | [[STV (Philippines)|STV]] / currently mirror feed from [[UNTV (Philippines)|UNTV]] | rowspan="2" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] |- | '''55.03''' | '''TRUTH CHANNEL''' | [[Truth Channel]] |- | '''55.04''' | '''UNTV Reserve''' | {{n/a|Blank feed}} | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | {{n/a|Black screen}} |- | '''55.31''' | '''UNTV 1SEG''' | [[UNTV (Philippines)|UNTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="2" |[[DWDE-TV]] | rowspan="2" |'''42''' | rowspan="2" |'''641.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''42.01''' | rowspan="2" |[[Brigada Mass Media Corporation]] | '''BRIGADA TV-HD''' | Brigada TV | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 4:00 a.m to 12:30 a.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''42.02''' | '''BRIGADA TV-SD''' | [[DWBM-FM|105.1 Brigada News FM Mega Manila]] | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="4" |[[DWVN-DTV]] | rowspan="4" |'''45''' | rowspan="4" |'''659.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''45.01''' | rowspan="4" |[[Gateway UHF Television Broadcasting]] and [[Global Satellite Technology Services]] | '''Hope Phil''' | rowspan="3" | [[Hope Channel Philippines]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="4" | 24 hours | rowspan="4" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Still under test broadcast) (3.5 kW) (poor signal transmission) |- | '''45.02''' | '''Hope Intl''' | rowspan="3"| 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''45.03''' | '''Hope Live''' |- | '''45.04''' | '''OMN SD''' | [[One Media Network]] |- | rowspan="3" |[[DZCE-TV]] | rowspan="3" |'''49''' | rowspan="3" |'''683.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''01.01''' | rowspan="3" |[[Christian Era Broadcasting Service International]] | '''INC TV HD''' | rowspan="3" | [[DZCE-TV|INC TV]] | rowspan="2" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 4 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (10kW) |- | '''01.02''' | '''INC TV HD1''' |- | '''01.03''' | '''INC TV SD''' | rowspan="1" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWNB-TV|DWNB-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''51''' | rowspan="5" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (Mirror feed from DTT-18) (5.5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ==Luzon== ===Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)=== ===Benguet=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="2" | [[DZHB-TV|DZHB-DTV]] | rowspan="2" | '''17''' | rowspan="2" | '''491.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''17.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''IBC''' | [[DZHB-TV|IBC 13]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 11:00 p.m. <br /> Weekends: 7:00 a.m. – 10:00 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (1 kW TPO/10 kW ERP) |- | '''17.02''' | '''Congress TV''' | [[Congress TV]] | rowspan="1" | 9:00 a.m. – 9:00 p.m. |- | rowspan="3" | [[DZBS-TV|DZBS-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''19''' | rowspan="3" | '''503.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''19.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN''' | [[DZBS-TV|RPN Baguio]] | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | (Test broadcast 5 kW TPO/30 kW ERP) |- | '''19.02''' | rowspan="1" | [[Radio Philippines Network]], [[Nine Media Corporation]] and [[Cignal TV]] | '''RPTV''' | [[RPTV (TV channel)|RPTV]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m – midnight |- | '''19.06''' | rowspan="1" | [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN 1seg''' | RPN Baguio Relay | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8" | [[DWHB-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''26''' | rowspan="8" | '''545.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) |'''26.01''' | rowspan="8" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | rowspan="2"|[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 4 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" | Fully migrated from analog to digital <br> Commercial broadcast (5 kW TPO/25kW ERP) |- | '''26.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | 6 a.m. - midnight |- | '''26.03''' | '''Knowledge Channel''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3"| [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 6 a.m. to 11 p.m. |- | '''26.04''' | '''BEAM CINEMA''' | [[Beam Cinema (Philippine TV network)|Beam Cinema]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''26.05''' | '''Bilyonaryo News Channel''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="3" | Daily: 5 a.m. - midnight |- | '''26.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''26.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''26.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="1" | DWAY-DTV | rowspan="1" |'''30''' | rowspan="1" | '''569.143&nbsp;kW''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''ALL TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (10 kW TPO and 60 kW ERP) |- | rowspan="3" | DWOZ-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''32''' | rowspan="3" | '''581.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''32.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:15 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (10 kW TPO/30 kW ERP) |- | '''32.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. – 9 p.m. |- | '''32.31''' | '''A2Z OneSeg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:15 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DZEA-TV|DZEA-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''38''' | rowspan="7" | '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''10.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DZEA-TV|GMA Dagupan/Baguio]] | rowspan="6" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (15 kW TPO/90 kW ERP) |- | '''10.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''10.11''' | rowspan="1" {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Black Screen}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''10.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[DZEA-TV|GMA Dagupan/Baguio Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[D-8-XM-TV|D-8-XM-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''42''' | rowspan="5" | '''641.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) |'''4.01''' | rowspan="5" |[[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV Cordillera''' | [[D-8-XM-TV|PTV Cordillera]] | rowspan="1" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''4.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''4.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 5 a.m. – 8 p.m. |- | '''4.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV Program)|PTV Sports]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- | '''4.05''' | '''PTV 1seg''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="4" | [[DWFB-DTV]] | rowspan="4" |'''44''' | rowspan="4" |'''653.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Luzon) | '''44.01''' | rowspan="3" |[[Global Satellite Technology Services]] | '''GNN North Luzon''' | [[GNN North Luzon]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] (sometimes [[720p]] [[HDTV]]) | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="4" | Fully migrated from analog to digital / Test Broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''44.02''' | '''RNG TV''' | Highland TV / RNG Luzon |- | '''44.03''' | '''Golf TV''' | [[Golden Nation Network|Golf Channel]] |- | '''44.04''' | rowspan="1"|[[Global Satellite Technology Services]] and [[Gateway UHF Television Broadcasting]] | '''Hope Channel Philippines''' | [[Hope Channel Philippines]] |- | rowspan="3" | DWDM-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''46''' | rowspan="3" | '''665.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Luzon) | '''25.02''' | rowspan="3" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25''' | [[Net 25]] | rowspan="2" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''25.03''' | '''INC TV''' | [[INC TV]] |- | '''25.35''' | '''EAGLE FM''' | [[DWDM-FM|Eagle FM]] | {{n/a|ISDB-T RADIO}} |- | rowspan="5" | [[DZET-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''51''' | rowspan="5" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Baguio and Northern Central Luzon) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DZET-TV|TV5 Baguio Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00 a.m. - 1:45 a.m. (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Mountain Province=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DZVG-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''29''' | rowspan="7" | '''563.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cordillera and Cagayan Valley) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | GMA Mountain Province | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | rowspan="1" {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Black Screen}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''5.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | GMA Mountain Province Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Region I (Ilocos Region)=== ===Ilocos Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWTE-TV|DWTE-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Laoag and Ilocos Norte) |'''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday - Saturday 8:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) / Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | Monday to Sunday: 6 a.m. – midnight |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Ilocos Norte Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[D-5-AS-TV|D-5-AS-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''24''' | rowspan="7" | '''533.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Laoag and Ilocos Norte) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Ilocos Norte]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10&nbsp;kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | Test broadcast |- | '''5.21''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Ilocos Norte Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" |DWLJ-DTV | rowspan="5" |'''40''' | rowspan="5" |'''629.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Laoag and Ilocos Norte) | rowspan="5" | [[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''29.21''' | '''RJ DigiTV''' | RJ DigiTV Laoag | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Test broadcast 1 kW) |- | '''29.22''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | 24 Hours |- | '''29.23''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''29.24''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | RJ Rock TV | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''29.25''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="5"| D-11-ZV-DTV | rowspan="5"| '''42''' | rowspan="5"| '''641.143&nbsp;MHz''' | '''4.01''' | rowspan="5"| [[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV Ilocos Norte''' | [[D-11-XM-TV|PTV Ilocos Norte]] | rowspan="1"| [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2"| Weekdays: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br> Weekends: 6 a.m. to 1 a.m. | rowspan="4"| Commercial broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''4.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''4.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 5 a.m. to 8 p.m. |- | '''4.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports Network]] | 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. |- | '''4.05''' | '''PTV 1SEG''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Ilocos Sur=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" |[[DWBC-TV|DWBC-DTV]] | rowspan="7" |'''15''' | rowspan="7" |'''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Vigan and Northern Luzon) |'''48.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DWBC-TV|GMA Ilocos Sur]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- |'''48.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''48.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''48.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' |[[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''48.05''' |'''I HEART MOVIES''' |[[I Heart Movies]] |- |'''48.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- |'''48.31''' |'''GMA 1SEG''' |[[DWBC-TV|GMA Ilocos Sur relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DWDI-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Vigan and Ilocos Sur) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Vigan]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Vigan Relay]] | 4:3 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DWTP-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''45''' | rowspan="5" | '''659.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Candon and Northern Luzon) | '''45.01''' | rowspan="5" | Tirad Pass Network | '''CTV''' | C.A.R LGU | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="5" | 5 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="5" | Test broadcast / Configuration testing (2.5 kW) |- | '''45.02''' | '''DZTP''' | [[DZTP]] | [[16:9]] [[720p]] [[HDTV]] |- | '''45.03''' | '''TPN''' | TPN | rowspan="3" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''45.04''' | '''ELYU TV''' | La Union LGU |- | '''45.05''' | '''CAB TV''' | CAB TV |- |} </div> ===Region II (Cagayan Valley)=== ===Batanes=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Cagayan=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel ![[Frequency]] ! width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DWZE-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tuguegarao and Cagayan) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tuguegarao]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tuguegarao Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DWRJ-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''29''' | rowspan="5" | '''563.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tuguegarao and Cagayan) | '''29.21''' | rowspan="5" | [[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''RJ DigiTV''' | RJ DigiTV Tuguegarao | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Test broadcast 1 kW) |- | '''29.22''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | 24 Hours |- | '''29.23''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''29.24''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | RJ Rock TV | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''29.25''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="7"| [[DWBB-TV|DWBB-DTV]] | rowspan="7"| '''33''' | rowspan="7"| '''587.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tuguegarao and Cagayan) | '''7.01''' | rowspan="7"| [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DWBB-TV|GMA Tuguegarao]] | rowspan="6"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''7.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1"| 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1"| Weekdays: 5 a.m. to midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2"| 6 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''7.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1"|Test broadcast |- | '''7.21''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | [[DWBB-TV|GMA Tuguegarao relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Isabela=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel ![[Frequency]] ! width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DWLE-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz ''' (Santiago, Isabela and Cagayan Valley) | '''7.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network]] | '''GMA''' | GMA Isabela | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''7.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" |Monday to Sunday: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. to midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. to midnight |- | '''7.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''7.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''7.31''' | '''GMA 1seg''' | GMA Isabela Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DWDH-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Santiago, Isabela and Cagayan Valley) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Isabela]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies'''''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Isabela Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Region III (Central Luzon)=== ===Pampanga=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="1" | DWAP-DTV | rowspan="1" |'''34''' | rowspan="1" |'''593.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Pampanga and Central Luzon) | '''34.01''' | rowspan="1" |[[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]] | '''ALL TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- | rowspan="1" | [[DWRW-TV|DWRW-DTV]] | rowspan="1" |'''36''' | rowspan="1" |'''605.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Pampanga and Central Luzon) |'''36.01''' | rowspan="1" |[[Central Luzon Television|RadioWorld Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''CLTV 36''' | [[Central Luzon Television]] | rowspan="1" |16:9 [[720p]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1"| Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. - 10:30 p.m. | rowspan="1" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (2.5 kW) |- | rowspan="4" | [[DWFU-DTV]] | rowspan="4" |'''44''' | rowspan="4" |'''653.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Pampanga) |'''44.01''' | rowspan="3" |Infomax Television and [[Global Satellite Technology Services]] | '''GNN''' | GNN Pampanga |[[DWFU-DTV]] | rowspan="4" |4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="4" | 5:00 a.m. to midnight | rowspan="4" | Fully migrated from analog to digital Test Broadcast/Configuration Testing (500 watts) |- |'''44.02''' | '''GNN Central Luzon''' |{{n/a|Black Screen}} |- |'''44.03''' |'''Golf TV''' | [[One Media Network|Golf Channel]] |- |'''44.04''' | rowspan="1" | [[Global Satellite Technology Services]] and [[Gateway UHF Broadcasting]] | '''Hope Channel Phils''' | [[Hope Channel Philippines]] |- |} </div> ===Tarlac=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DZJA-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tarlac City and Central Luzon) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tarlac Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="1" | DWAL-DTV | rowspan="1" | '''34''' | rowspan="1" | '''593.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tarlac City and Central Luzon) |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] | '''All TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV|All TV Tarlac Relay]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- |} </div> ===Zambales=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Olongapo City, Bataan and Zambales) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Olongapo]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Olongapo Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" |[[DWNS-TV|DWNS-DTV]] | rowspan="7" |'''38''' | rowspan="7" |'''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Olongapo City, Bataan and Zambales) |'''10.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DWNS-TV|GMA Olongapo]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- |'''10.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''10.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' |[[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''10.06''' |'''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- |'''10.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- |'''10.31''' |'''GMA 1Seg''' |GMA Olongapo Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Region IV-A (Calabarzon)=== ===Batangas=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" |[[D-12-ZB-TV|D-12-ZB-DTV]] | rowspan="7" |'''32''' | rowspan="7" |'''581.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Batangas and Calabarzon) |'''12.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[D-12-ZB-TV|GMA Batangas]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- |'''12.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' |[[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''12.06''' |'''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- |'''12.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- |'''12.31''' |'''GMA 1-Seg''' |[[D-12-ZB-TV|GMA Batangas Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8"| DWAG-DTV | rowspan="8"| '''36''' | rowspan="8"| '''605.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Batangas and CALABARZON) | '''36.01''' | rowspan="8"| Sphere Entertainment, Inc. and [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME ''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Sunday 4:00 a.m. – 10:30 p.m. | rowspan="8"| Fully migrated from Analog to Digital <br> (Commercial broadcast 5 kW TPO/25 kW ERP) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1"| 6 a.m. to midnight | rowspan="1"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.03''' | '''KNOWLEDGE CHANNEL''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="1"| 6 a.m. to 11 p.m. | rowspan="3"| [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.04''' | '''BEAM CINEMA''' | [[Beam Cinema (Philippine TV network)|Beam Cinema]] | rowspan="1"| 6 a.m. to midnight |- | '''31.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4"|5 a.m. to midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"|[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="1" | DWAV-DTV | rowspan="1" | '''46''' | rowspan="1" | '''665.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Batangas and Calabarzon) |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] | '''All TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. - midnight (the next day) | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast / Configuration Testing (10 kW TPO/30 kW ERP) |- | rowspan="5" | DWBD-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''51''' | rowspan="5" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Batangas and Calabarzon) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Batangas]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Batangas Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Quezon Province=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Lucena City and Quezon) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Lucena]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One PH]] | 6 a.m – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Lucena Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="3" | '''51''' | rowspan="3" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Lucena City and Quezon) | '''25.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25''' | [[Net 25]] | rowspan="2" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW)<br>Interference with DWBD-TV TV5 Batangas DTT on UHF 51. |- | '''25.02''' | '''INC TV''' | [[INC TV]] |- | '''25.03''' | '''Eagle FM''' | [[DWDM-FM|Eagle FM]] | {{n/a|ISDB-T RADIO}} |- |} </div> ===Rizal=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Region IV-B (Mimaropa)=== ===Occidental Mindoro=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | D-13-ZR-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Occidental Mindoro) | '''13.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)| GMA Network]] | '''GMA''' | GMA Occidental Mindoro | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br/> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''13.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''13.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''13.11''' | {{n/a|'''UNNAMED'''}} | {{n/a|Black screen}} | {{TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''13.31''' | '''GMA 1seg''' | GMA Occidental Mindoro Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (San Jose, and Occidental Mindoro) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and Mediascape Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 San Jose Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Palawan=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DYPU-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Puerto Princesa and Palawan) | '''12.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network]] | '''GMA''' | GMA Palawan | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: <br> 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''12.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''12.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''12.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''12.31''' | '''GMA 1seg''' | GMA Palawan Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DWDD-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Puerto Princesa and Palawan) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Nation Broadcasting Corporation]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Puerto Princesa]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Puerto Princesa Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:30 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="1" | DWDW-DTV | rowspan="1" |'''38''' | rowspan="1" | '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Puerto Princesa and Palawan) | '''38.01''' | rowspan="1" |[[Bandera News Philippines]] (Fairwaves Broadcasting Network) | '''Bandera News TV''' | [[Bandera News Philippines|Bandera News TV]] | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1"| Daily 4:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (500 watts) |- |} </div> ===Romblon=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |- | rowspan="4" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="4" | '''18''' | rowspan="4" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tablas, Romblon) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and [[Cignal TV]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Romblon]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="3" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' |[[Cignal TV]] and [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPTV''' | RPTV | 6 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | rowspan="2" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] and [[Cignal TV]] | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday - Saturday 8:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) / Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Romblon Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday, Tuesday, Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. / Wednesday, Thursday 5:00 a.m. - 12:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:30 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Region V (Bicol Region)=== ===Albay=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DWLB-TV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Legazpi City and Albay) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Legazpi]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Legazpi Relay]] | 4:3 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DZPN-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''39''' | rowspan="5" | '''623.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Legazpi City and Albay) | '''4.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV Legazpi''' | [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) – Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''4.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''4.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas]] | 5 a.m. – 8 p.m. |- | '''4.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- | '''4.05''' | '''PTV 1SEG''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | [[4:3]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) / Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DWLA-TV|DWLA-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''41''' | rowspan="7" | '''635.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Legazpi City and Albay) |'''12.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DWLA-TV|GMA Legazpi]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''12.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''12.12''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''12.35''' | '''GMA1SEG''' | [[DWLA-TV|GMA Legazpi Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Camarines Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Camarines Sur=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="8" | [[DWHC-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''32''' | rowspan="8" | '''571.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Naga and Camarines Sur) |'''32.01''' | rowspan="8" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] |[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 4 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="8" |Fully migrated from analog to digital <br> Commercial broadcast (5 kW TPO/25kW ERP) |- | '''32.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1"|[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 6 a.m. - midnight |- | '''32.03''' | '''Knowledge Channel''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3"|[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 6 a.m. – 11 p.m. |- | '''32.04''' | '''BEAM BOX OFFICE''' | [[Beam Cinema (Philippine TV network)|Beam Cinema]] | 6 a.m. to midnight |- | '''32.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | RESERVED | rowspan="3" |Daily: 5:30 a.m. - midnight |- | '''32.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"| 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''32.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''32.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | RESERVED | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DWAI-TV]] | rowspan="7" | '''38''' | rowspan="7" | '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Naga and Camarines Sur) |'''7.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DWAI-TV|GMA Naga]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''7.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''7.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''7.35''' | '''GMA1SEG''' | [[DWAI-TV|GMA Naga Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWMA-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''46''' | rowspan="5" | '''665.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Naga) | '''8.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV HD1''' | rowspan="1"| [[DWMA-TV|PTV Bicol]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''8.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''8.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas TV]] | 5 a.m. – 8 p.m. |- | '''8.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- | '''8.05''' | '''PTV 1seg''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) <br/> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="3" | '''47''' | rowspan="3" | '''671.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Naga) | '''25.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25''' | [[Net 25]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''25.02''' | '''INCTV''' | [[INCTV]] | 16:9 [[720p]] [[HDTV]] |- | '''25.03''' | '''EAGLE FM''' | [[DWDM-FM|Eagle FM]] | {{n/a|ISDB-T RADIO}} |- | rowspan="5" | [[DWFA-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''48''' | rowspan="5" | '''677.143&nbsp;MHz''' <br/>(Metro Naga) |'''48.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Global Satellite Technology Services]] | '''GNN''' | rowspan="1" | [[Golden Nation Network]] Local Programs | rowspan="5" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''48.02''' | '''DepEd TV - Telearalan''' | rowspan="1" | [[DepEd TV]] Local Programs |- | '''48.03''' | '''LGU Naga''' | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Black Screen}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Configuration Testing}} |- | '''48.04''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 hours | Test Broadcast |- | '''48.05''' | '''Reserved Channel GNN Naga TV48''' | rowspan="1" | [[Golden Nation Network]] | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Black Screen}} | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Configuration Testing}} |- | rowspan="6" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="6" | '''50''' | rowspan="6" | '''689.143&nbsp;MHz''' ([[Nabua, Camarines Sur]]) |'''19.01''' | rowspan="6" | [[ Polytechnic State University of Bicol|PSUB]] and [[Philippine Collective Media Corporation|PCMC]] | '''PSUBTv''' | PSUB TV | rowspan="6" |[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="6" |9 a.m. - 8 p.m. | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''19.02''' | '''PSUB COHS''' | The TLC Channel |- | '''19.03''' | '''PSUB COBM''' | College of Business Management |- | '''19.04''' | '''PSUB COEAS''' | BigCAS Channel | rowspan="3" {{n/a|Configuration Testing}} |- | '''19.05''' | '''PSUB Graduate School''' | The Grad-Ed Channel |- | '''19.06''' | '''PSUB COE''' | College of Engineering |- | rowspan="5" | DWNA-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''51''' | rowspan="5" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Naga and Camarines Sur) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Nation Broadcasting Corporation]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Naga]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Naga Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Catanduanes=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Virac, Catanduanes) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Virac]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Virac Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="1" | DWAU-DTV | rowspan="1" | '''28''' | rowspan="1" | '''557.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Virac and Catanduanes) | '''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advance Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under local [[marketing agreement| blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]] | '''ALLTV HD''' | [[ALLTV]] | [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | Monday to Sunday 7:00 a.m. – midnight | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- | rowspan="7"| [[D-13-ZC-TV|D-13-ZC-DTV]] | rowspan="7"| '''38''' | rowspan="7"| '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Virac and Catanduanes) | '''13.01''' | rowspan="7"| [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[D-13-ZC-TV|GMA Catanduanes]] | rowspan="6" |[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''13.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" |Monday to Sunday: 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. to midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''13.11'' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1"| Test broadcast |- | '''13.21''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | [[D-13-ZC-TV|GMA Catanduanes relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Masbate=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="4" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="4" | '''18''' | rowspan="4" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Masbate and Bicol Region) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Masbate]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="3" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' |[[Cignal TV]] and [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPTV''' | RPTV | 6 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | rowspan="2" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday - Saturday 8:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) / Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Masbate Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday, Tuesday, Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. / Wednesday, Thursday 5:00 a.m. - 12:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:30 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Sorsogon=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DWSS-TV | rowspan="5" | '''51''' | rowspan="5" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Sorsogon and Bicol Region) |- | '''5.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Sorsogon]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="3" | Fully Mirgrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' |[[Cignal TV]] and [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPTV''' | RPTV | 6 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | rowspan="2" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday - Saturday 8:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) / Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Sorsogon Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday, Tuesday, Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. / Wednesday, Thursday 5:00 a.m. - 12:30&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 6:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:30 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ==Visayas== ===Region VI (Western Visayas)=== ===Aklan=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel ![[Frequency]] ! width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DYCJ-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Kalibo, Aklan and Western Visayas) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="4" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Kalibo]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4"| Test broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | Monday to Sunday: 6 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Kalibo Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Capiz=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | [[DYAM-TV|DYAM-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Roxas, Capiz and Western Visayas) | '''7.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DYAM-TV|GMA Roxas]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10&nbsp;kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | Test broadcast |- | '''5.21''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[DYAM-TV|GMA Roxas Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DYMD-TV|DYMD-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Roxas, Capiz) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Roxas]] | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (5&nbsp;kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Roxas Relay]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Iloilo=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="1" {{n/a|Provisional Authority}} | rowspan="1" |'''16''' | rowspan="1" |'''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''16.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''ALL TV HD''' | rowspan="1" |[[All TV]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" |Monday to Sunday: 8:00 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="1" |Test broadcast (10 kW) |- | rowspan="2" | [[DYJB-TV]] | rowspan="2" | '''17''' | rowspan="2" | '''491.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''12.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''IBC''' | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC 13]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[HDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 11 p.m. <br /> Weekends: 7 a.m. - 10 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (3 kW) |- | '''12.02''' |'''Congress TV''' |[[Congress TV]] |9 a.m. – 9 p.m. |- | rowspan="5" | [[DYMB-TV|DYMB-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[DYMB-TV|TV5 Iloilo]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00 a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.31''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DYMB-TV|TV5 Iloilo Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | DYZA-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''20''' | rowspan="3" | '''509.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''20.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] by [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Iloilo]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (5.5 kW) |- | '''20.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. - 9 p.m. |- | '''20.22''' | '''A2Z 1Seg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Iloilo Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DYDY-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''23''' | rowspan="5" | '''527.143&nbsp;MHz''' <br/>(Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) |'''4.01''' | rowspan="5" |[[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV Iloilo''' | [[DYDY-TV|PTV Iloilo]] | rowspan="1" |16:9 [[1080i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="2" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- |'''4.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3"|[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- |'''4.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 5 a.m. – 8 p.m. |- | '''4.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- | '''4.05''' | '''PTV 1seg''' |[[People's Television Network|PTV]] |4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8" | [[DYRM-TV|DYRM-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''26''' | rowspan="8" | '''545.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''26.01''' | rowspan="8"| [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | rowspan="1" | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | rowspan="2" |[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 4 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="7" | Fully migrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''26.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast Sports]] | 6 a.m – midnight (the next day) |- | '''26.03''' | '''Knowledge Channel''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3"|[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. - 11 p.m. |- | '''26.04''' | '''BEAM CINEMA''' | [[Beam Cinema (Philippine TV network)|Beam Cinema]] | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''26.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="3"| 5 a.m. - midnight |- | '''26.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''26.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''26.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DYXX-TV]] | rowspan="7" | '''29''' | rowspan="7" | '''563.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo and Western Visayas) | '''6.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DYXX-TV|GMA Iloilo]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''6.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''6.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''6.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''6.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''6.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''6.31''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | [[DYXX-TV|GMA Iloilo Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="2" | DYOK-TV | rowspan="2" | '''43''' | rowspan="2" | '''647.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Iloilo) | '''0.21''' | rowspan="2" | [[Manila Broadcasting Company]] | '''DZRH NEWS TV''' | rowspan="2" | [[DZRH News Television]] | 16:9 [[480p]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 24 Hours | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''0.31''' | '''DZRH NEWS TV 1seg''' | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Negros Occidental=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DYGM-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Murcia Negros Occidental and Western Visayas) | '''13.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Murcia]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''13.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''13.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''13.31''' | '''GMA1SEG''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Murcia Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="1" |[[Advance Media Broadcasting System|DYAG-DTV]] | rowspan="1" | '''16''' | rowspan="1" | '''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Bacolod and Negros Occidental) |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''All TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV|All TV Bacolod]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday - 7 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast / Configuration Testing (10kW) |- | rowspan="5" |[[DYTE-TV|DYTE-DTV]] | rowspan="5" |'''18''' | rowspan="5" |'''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Bacolod and Negros Occidental) |'''5.01''' | rowspan="4" |[[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' |[[DYTE-TV|TV5 Bacolod]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- |'''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- |'''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday - Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.05''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DYTE-TV|TV5 Bacolod Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DYKB-TV|DYKB-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''19''' | rowspan="3" | '''503.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Bacolod and Negros Occidental) | '''19.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN''' | [[DYKB-TV|RPN Bacolod]] | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (5 kW TPO/10 kW) |- | '''19.02''' | rowspan="1" |[[Radio Philippines Network]], [[Nine Media Corporation]] and [[Cignal TV]] | '''RPTV''' | [[RPTV (TV channel)|RPTV]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''19.06''' | rowspan="1" |[[Radio Philippines Network]] | '''RPN 1seg''' | RPN Bacolod relay | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | DYEC-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''22''' | rowspan="3" | '''521.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Bacolod and Negros Occidental) | '''22.01''' | rowspan="3" |[[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Bacolod]] | rowspan="3" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m – 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5 a.m. – 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sunday: 5 a.m. – 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (5.5 kW) |- | '''22.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. – 9 p.m. |- | '''22.22''' | '''A2Z 1seg''' | [[A2Z TV (channel)|A2Z Bacolod relay]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. – 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 6 a.m. – 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sunday: 6 a.m. – 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="2" | DYEZ-TV | rowspan="2" | '''39''' | rowspan="2" | '''623.143&nbsp;MHz'''<br/>(Metro Bacolod) | '''39.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Manila Broadcasting Company]] | '''DZRH TV''' | rowspan="2" | [[DZRH News Television]] | 16:9 [[480p]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 24 Hours | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''39.31''' | '''DZRH TV 1seg''' | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DWGM-TV]] | rowspan="7" | '''44''' | rowspan="7" | '''653.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Bacolod and Negros Occidental) | '''13.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Bacolod]] | rowspan="6" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- |'''13.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" |5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''13.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''13.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''13.31''' | '''GMA1SEG''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Bacolod Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Region VII (Central Visayas)=== ===Bohol=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Cebu=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="1" | [[Advance Media Broadcasting System|DYAE-DTV]] | rowspan="1" | '''16''' | rowspan="1" | '''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operating under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''All TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV|ALL TV Cebu]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast / Configuration Testing (10 kW TPO/30 kW ERP) |- | rowspan="2" | DYTV-TV | rowspan="2" | '''17''' | rowspan="2" | '''491.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) | '''13.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''IBC''' | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC 13]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[HDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 11 p.m. <br /> Weekends: 7 a.m. - 10 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (3 kW) |- |'''13.02''' |'''Congress TV''' |[[Congress TV]] |9 a.m. – 9 p.m. |- | rowspan="5" | [[DYET-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) |'''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[DYET-TV|TV5 Cebu]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | |- |'''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- |'''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | Monday – Sunday 6:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DYET-TV|TV5 Cebu Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | DYNZ-DTV | rowspan="3" |'''20''' | rowspan="3" |'''509.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) | '''20.01''' | rowspan="3" |[[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Cebu]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (5.5 kW) |- | '''20.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. - 9 p.m. |- | '''20.22''' | '''A2Z 1Seg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Cebu Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="4" |DYGA-DTV | rowspan="4" |'''25''' | rowspan="4" |'''539.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) | '''25.01''' | rowspan="4" |[[Gateway UHF Television Broadcasting]] and [[Global Satellite Technology Services]] | '''Hope Cebu''' | rowspan="4" | [[Hope Channel Philippines]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480p]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="4" | 6 a.m. – midnight | rowspan="4" | Fully migrated from analog to digital / Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''25.02''' | '''Hope Philippines''' |- | '''25.03''' | '''Hope International''' |- | '''25.04''' | ''' AWR ''' |- | rowspan="7" |[[DYSS-TV]] | rowspan="7" |'''26''' | rowspan="7" |'''545.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) |'''7.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DYSS-TV|GMA Cebu]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- |'''7.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" |5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''7.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight |- |'''7.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' |[[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- |'''7.06''' |'''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- |'''7.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- |'''7.31''' |'''GMA 1SEG''' |[[DYSS-TV|GMA Cebu Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8" | [[DYCT-TV]] | rowspan="8" | '''31''' | rowspan="8" | '''575.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu and Central Visayas) | '''31.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | rowspan="2" |[[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 4 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="7" |Fully migrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.03''' | '''KNOWLEDGE CHANNEL''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3" |[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – 11 p.m. |- | '''31.04''' | '''BEAM CINEMA''' | [[Beam Cinema (Philippine TV network)|Beam Cinema]] | rowspan="1"| 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4"| 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2"| [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="2" | DYWF-DTV | rowspan="2" | '''36''' | rowspan="2" | '''605.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu) | '''36.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Brigada Mass Media Corporation]] | '''BRIGADA TV-HD''' | Brigada TV Cebu | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 4 a.m. – 12:30 a.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (500 watts) |- | '''36.02''' | '''BRIGADA TV-SD''' | [[DYAC-FM|90.7 Brigada News FM Cebu]] | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="5" | [[DYPT-TV]] | rowspan="5" | '''42''' | rowspan="5" | '''641.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu) | '''04.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV HD1''' |[[DYPT-TV|PTV Cebu]] | rowspan="1" | [[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- |'''04.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3"| 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''04.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 5 a.m. – 8 p.m. |- | '''04.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports]] | 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. |- | '''04.05''' | '''PTV 1seg''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="2" | [[DYBU-DTV]] | rowspan="2" | '''43''' | rowspan="2" | '''647.143&nbsp;MHz'''<br/>(Metro Cebu) | '''43.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Manila Broadcasting Company]] | '''DZRH TV''' | rowspan="2" | [[DZRH News Television]] | 16:9 [[480p]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 24 hours | Test broadcast (1.5 kW) |- | '''43.31''' | '''DZRH TV 1seg''' | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DYFX-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''49''' | rowspan="3" | '''683.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Cebu) | '''25.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25''' | [[Net 25]] | rowspan="2" | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Still under test broadcast) (1 kW) |- | '''25.02''' | '''INC TV''' | [[INC TV]] |- | '''25.03''' | '''Eagle FM''' | [[DWDM-FM|Eagle FM]] | {{n/a|ISDB-T RADIO}} |} </div> ===Negros Oriental=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Dumaguete and Negros Oriental) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="4" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Dumaguete]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (5&nbsp;kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1 ''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Dumaguete Relay]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[D-5-YB-TV|D-5-YB-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''22''' | rowspan="7" | '''521.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Dumaguete and Negros Oriental) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network]] | '''GMA''' | GMA Dumaguete | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''5.31''' | '''GMA1SEG''' | GMA Dumaguete relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Region VIII (Eastern Visayas)=== ===Eastern Samar=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Leyte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''21''' | rowspan="5" | '''515.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tacloban City and Eastern Visayas) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]] and Mediascape, Inc. | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tacloban]] | rowspan="4" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday – Friday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:00 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 6 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tacloban relay]] | [[4:3]] [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. – 1:00 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (, the next day) |- | rowspan="7" | DYCL-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''34''' | rowspan="7" | '''593.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tacloban City and Eastern Visayas) | '''10.01''' | rowspan="6" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Tacloban City]] | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="7" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''10.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''10.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''10.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''10.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Tacloban City Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: <br /> 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: <br /> 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DYPR-TV (Tacloban)|DYPR-TV]] | rowspan="3" | '''50''' | rowspan="3" | '''689.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Tacloban City) | '''27.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[Philippine Collective Media Corporation]] | '''PRTV TACLOBAN''' | [[DYPR-TV (Tacloban)|PRTV TACLOBAN]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday - Sunday: 6 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast/Configuration testing (2 kW) |- | '''27.02''' | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Tacloban]] | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday, Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday: 5:00 a.m. - 12:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday: 6:30&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) / Sunday: 5:30 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''27.03''' | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Tacloban]] ([[ZOE TV]]) | 16:9 [[720p]] [[HDTV]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. - 12:15 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 6 a.m. - 11:45 p.m. <br /> Sundays: 6 a.m. - 11:30 p.m. |- |} </div> ===Western Samar=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ==Mindanao== ===Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula)=== ===Zamboanga del Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | [[D-4-XT-TV|D-4-XT-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''46''' | rowspan="7" | '''665.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Dipolog and Zamboanga del Norte) | '''4.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network]] | '''GMA''' | [[D-4-XT-TV|GMA Dipolog]] | rowspan="6" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''4.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m – midnight (the next day) |- | '''4.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''4.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''4.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''4.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNAMMED)'''}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | Test broadcast |- | '''4.31''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | [[D-4-XT-TV|GMA Dipolog relay]] | [[4:3]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | 1seg |- |} </div> ===Zamboanga del Sur=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Zamboanga Sibugay=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Zamboanga City=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel ![[Frequency]] ! width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" | DXMZ-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Peninsula) |'''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Cignal TV|Mediascape Inc.]] and [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Zamboanga]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- |'''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- |'''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- |'''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Zamboanga Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:30 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8" | [[DXBE-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''31''' | rowspan="8" | '''575.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Peninsula) | '''31.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | rowspan="1" | [[Prime TV (TV channel)|PRTV Prime]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" | Fully migrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[TAP Sports#Blast Sports|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. to midnight |- | '''31.03''' | '''KNOWLEDGE CHANNEL''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. to 11 p.m. |- | '''31.04''' | '''BLAST MOVIES''' | [[Movie Central (Philippine TV channel)|Blast Movies]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="2" | [[DXAX-TV|DXAX-DTV]] | rowspan="2" | '''40''' | rowspan="2" | '''629.143&nbsp;MHz'''<br/>(Zamboanga City) | '''0.01''' | rowspan="2" | Westwind Broadcasting Corporation & [[eMedia Productions|eMedia Production Network]] | '''eMedia Digital TV''' | [[EMedia Productions|eMedia]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 4:45&nbsp;a.m. – 9:30&nbsp;p.m. | Fully migrated from analog to digital (1 kW) |- | '''0.02''' | '''ALLTV''' | [[All TV|ALL TV Zamboanga]] | Manila feed | Manila feed |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXLA-TV|DXLA-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''41''' | rowspan="7" | '''635.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Peninsula) |'''9.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DXLA-TV|GMA Zamboanga]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- |'''9.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" |5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''9.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''9.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''9.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- |'''9.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | Test broadcast |- | '''9.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | GMA Zamboanga Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DXZJ-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''45''' | rowspan="5" | '''659.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Peninsula) | '''29.21''' | rowspan="5" | [[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''RJ DigiTV''' | RJ DigiTV Zamboanga | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Test broadcast 1 kW) |- | '''29.22''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | 24 Hours |- | '''29.23''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] | 5 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''29.24''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | RJ Rock TV | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''29.25''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="6" | [[DXGB-TV|DXGB-DTV]] | rowspan="6" | '''51''' | rowspan="6" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Peninsula) | '''51.01''' | rowspan="6" | [[Golden Broadcast Professionals|Golden Broadcasting Professionals Inc.]] | '''GBPI HD''' | [[Golden Broadcast Professionals|Golden Broadcasting Professionals Inc.]]/[[DXGB-TV]] | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[720p]] [[SDTV]] | 5:00&nbsp;a.m. – 11:30&nbsp;p.m. | rowspan="1" | Test Broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''51.02''' | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5]] | rowspan="4" | Manila feed | rowspan="4" | Test Broadcast (Mirror feed from DTT-18) |- | '''51.03''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] |- | '''51.04''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] |- | '''51.05''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] |- | '''51.31''' | '''GBPI TV11one seg ''' |[[Golden Broadcast Professionals|Golden Broadcasting Professionals Inc.]]/[[DXGB-TV]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | 5:00&nbsp;a.m. – 11:30&nbsp;p.m. | [[1seg]] |} </div> ===Region X (Northern Mindanao)=== ===Bukidnon=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DXWK-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''44''' | rowspan="7" | '''653.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Bukidnon and Northern Mindanao) | '''12.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[GMA Network|GMA Bukidnon]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''12.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''12.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''12.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Bukidnon Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Lanao del Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Iligan City and Lanao del Norte) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network, Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Iligan]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:00 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5:00 a.m. – 1:00 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6:00 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.31''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Iligan Relay]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXRV-TV|DXRV-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''33''' | rowspan="7" | '''587.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Iligan City and Lanao del Norte) | '''11.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Iligan]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''11.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''11.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br> Weekends 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''11.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''11.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''11.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''11.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Iligan Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Misamis Occidental=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXGM-TV|DXGM-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Ozamiz and Misamis Occidental) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DXGM-TV|GMA Ozamiz]] | rowspan="6" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | Test broadcast |- | '''5.31''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | [[DXGM-TV|GMA Ozamiz relay]] | [[4:3]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Misamis Oriental=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel ![[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="1" | DXAL-DTV | rowspan="1" | '''16''' | rowspan="1" | '''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) |'''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''All TV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[All TV|All TV Cagayan de Oro]] | 16:9 [[1080p]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast / Configuration Testing (10kW) |- | rowspan="5" | [[DXTE-TV|DXTE-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) |'''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[DXTE-TV|TV5 Cagayan de Oro]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DXTE-TV|TV5 Cagayan de Oro Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) / Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) / Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DXEV-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''20''' | rowspan="3" | '''509.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan De Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) | '''20.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Cagayan De Oro]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (5.5 kW) |- | '''20.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. - 9 p.m. |- | '''20.22''' | '''A2Z 1Seg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Cagayan De Oro Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 6 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="5" | DXRJ-DTV | rowspan="5" | '''31''' | rowspan="5" | '''575.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) | '''29.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''RJTV''' | [[DXRJ-DTV|RJTV]] | rowspan="5" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. to 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from Analog to Digital (Test broadcast 5 kW) |- | '''29.02''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | rowspan="2" | 5 a.m. to midnight |- | '''29.03''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] |- | '''29.04''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | [[DZRJ-FM#Rock MNL|Rock MNL]] | rowspan="1" | 5 a.m. to 2 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''29.05''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="8" | [[DXVM-DTV]] | rowspan="8" | '''33''' | rowspan="8" | '''587.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) | '''31.01''' | rowspan="8" | [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | rowspan="1" | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 4 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[TAP Sports#Blast Sports|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.03''' | '''KNOWLEDGE CHANNEL''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – 11 p.m. |- | '''31.04''' | '''BLAST MOVIES''' | [[Movie Central (Philippine TV channel)|Blast Movies]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''31.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXJC-TV|DXJC-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''47''' | rowspan="7" | '''671.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao) |'''12.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[GMA Network|GMA Cagayan de Oro]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''12.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''12.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | Test broadcast |- | '''12.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Cagayan de Oro Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | DXJG-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''51''' | rowspan="3" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cagayan de Oro and Misamis Oriental) | '''51.01''' | rowspan="3" | Westwind Broadcasting Corporation | '''JAO DIGITAL TV''' | Jao TV | rowspan="3" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="3" | Monday - Sunday 6 a.m. - midnight | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast/Configuration Testing (Poor signal transmission) |- | '''51.02''' | '''NOA TV''' | Acosta Reality Channel |- | '''51.03''' | '''DTV3 CH51''' | Videoke Test Feed |- |} </div> ===Region XI (Davao Region)=== ===Davao Region=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="1" | DXAK-DTV | rowspan="1" | '''16''' | rowspan="1" | '''485.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''2.01''' | rowspan="1" | [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] (operated under [[Local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''ALLTV HD''' | rowspan="1" | [[ALLTV]] | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[HDTV]] | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. to midnight | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (10 kW) |- | rowspan="2" | [[DXTV-TV]] | rowspan="2" | '''17''' | rowspan="2" | '''491.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''17.01''' | rowspan="2" | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''IBC 13''' | [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC 13]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[HDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 11 p.m. <br /> Weekends: 7 a.m. - 10 p.m. | rowspan="2" | Test broadcast (3 kW) |- |'''17.02''' |'''Congress TV''' |[[Congress TV]] |9 a.m. – 9 p.m. |- | rowspan="5" |[[DXET-TV|DXET-DTV]] | rowspan="5" |'''18''' | rowspan="5" |'''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" |[[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' |[[DXET-TV|TV5 Davao]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Monday – Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''OnePH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DXET-TV|TV5 Davao Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday – Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:30 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:00 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | DXEX-DTV | rowspan="3" | '''20''' | rowspan="3" | '''509.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''20.01''' | rowspan="3" |[[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] (operated under [[local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ABS-CBN Corporation]]) | '''A2Z''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Davao]] | rowspan="2" | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 5 a.m. - 12:45 p.m. <br /> Sundays: 5 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="2" | Commercial broadcast (5.5 kW) |- | rowspan="1" |'''20.02''' | '''Light TV''' | [[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]] | Monday - Sunday: 7 a.m. - 9 p.m. |- | rowspan="1" |'''20.22''' | '''A2Z 1Seg''' | [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z Davao Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 4 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturdays: 6 a.m. - 12:45 a.m. <br /> Sundays: 6 a.m. - 12:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1Seg]] |- | rowspan="5"| [[DXRS-TV|DXRJ-DTV]] | rowspan="5" | '''28''' | rowspan="5" | '''557.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''29.21''' | rowspan="5" | [[Rajah Broadcasting Network]] | '''RJ DigiTV''' | [[DXRS-TV|RJ DigiTV Davao]] | rowspan="5" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 5 a.m. – 2 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Fully migrated from analog to digital (Test broadcast; 1 kW) |- | '''29.22''' | '''Timeless TV''' | Timeless TV | 24 Hours |- | '''29.23''' | '''Radyo Bandido TV''' | [[DZRJ-AM|Radyo Bandido]] | 5 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''29.24''' | '''Rock of Manila TV''' | RJ Rock TV | 5 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''29.25''' | '''TV Maria''' | [[TV Maria]] | 24 Hours |- | rowspan="8"| [[DXKC-DTV]] | rowspan="8"| '''31''' | rowspan="8" |'''575.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''31.01''' | rowspan="8" |[[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | rowspan="1" | [[PRTV (Philippine TV channel)|PRTV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 4 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" |Fully migrated from analog to digital on Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''31.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[TAP Sports#Blast Sports|Blast Sports]] | 6 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.03''' | '''Knowledge Channel''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="2"|[[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. - 11 p.m. |- | '''31.04''' | '''BLAST MOVIES''' | [[Movie Central (Philippine TV channel)|Blast Movies]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. to midnight (the next day) |- | '''31.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | TV Shop Philippines | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''31.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''31.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''31.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | rowspan="7" |[[DXMJ-TV|DXMJ-DTV]] | rowspan="7" |'''37''' | rowspan="7" |'''611.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao and Davao Region) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="7" |[[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' |[[DXMJ-TV|GMA Davao]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" |Commercial broadcast (15 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''GTV''' |[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''5.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''5.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' |[[DXMJ-TV|GMA Davao Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | DXSQ-DTV | '''38''' | '''617.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Digos City) | '''38.01''' | [[Sagay Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''Kakampi TV''' | Kakampi TV | 4:3 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | 24 hours | Test broadcast (500 watts Low power signal) |- | rowspan="5" |[[DXNP-TV|DXNP-DTV]] | rowspan="5" |'''45''' | rowspan="5" |'''659.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao) | '''11.01''' | rowspan="5" |[[People's Television Network]] | '''PTV SD1''' |[[DXNP-TV|PTV Davao]] | rowspan="1" |[[16:9]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" |Weekdays: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Test broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''11.02''' | '''PTV SD1''' | [[DWGT-TV|PTV Manila]] | rowspan="3" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- |'''11.03''' | '''PTV SD2''' | [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] | 5 a.m. to 8 p.m. |- |'''11.04''' | '''PTV SD3''' | [[PTV Sports (TV program)|PTV Sports Network]] | 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. |- |'''11.05''' | '''PTV 1seg''' | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | [[4:3]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. to 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 6 a.m. to 1 a.m. (the next day) |[[1seg]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[DXED-DTV]] | rowspan="3" | '''49''' | rowspan="3" | '''683.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Metro Davao) | '''25.01''' | rowspan="3" | [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''NET 25''' | [[Net 25]] | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="3" | 24 hours | rowspan="3" | Test broadcast (1 kW) |- | '''25.02''' | '''INCTV''' | [[INCTV]] | 16:9 [[720p]] [[HDTV]] |- | '''25.03''' | '''EAGLE FM''' | [[DWDM-FM|Eagle FM]] | {{n/a|ISDB-T RADIO}} |- |} </div> ===Region XII (Soccsksargen)=== ===Cotabato=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===South Cotabato=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Callsign ![[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] ![[Frequency]] ![[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !Programming !Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="5" |[[DXER-TV|DXER-DTV]] | rowspan="5" |'''18''' | rowspan="5" |'''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (General Santos City and Soccsksargen) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" |[[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]] | '''TV5''' |[[DXTE-TV|TV5 General Santos]] | rowspan="4" |16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" |Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:00&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4"|Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.35''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[DXER-TV|TV5 General Santos Relay]] | 16:9 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30&nbsp;a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday 5:00&nbsp;a.m. - 1:45 am (the next day) <br /> Sunday 5:00 a.m. - 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXBG-TV|DXBG-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''34''' | rowspan="7" | '''593.143&nbsp;MHz''' (General Santos City and Soccsksargen) | '''8.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[DXBG-TV|GMA General Santos]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''8.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''8.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''8.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''8.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''8.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''8.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | [[DXBG-TV|GMA General Santos Relay]] | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="2" |[[DXBC-TV|DXYM-DTV]] | rowspan="2" |'''37''' | rowspan="2" |'''611.143&nbsp;MHz''' (General Santos City) |'''37.01''' | rowspan="2" |[[Brigada Mass Media Corporation]] and [[Baycomms Broadcasting Corporation]] | '''Brigada News TV''' | rowspan="2" | Brigada TV | 16:9 [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | rowspan="2" | 4:30 a.m. - midnight | Test broadcast (500 watts) |- | '''37.31''' | '''Brigada News TV 1seg''' | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="8" | '''DXAH-DTV''' | rowspan="8" | '''51''' | rowspan="8" | '''695.143&nbsp;MHz''' (General Santos City and Soccsksargen) | '''51.01''' | rowspan="8" | Sphere Entertainment, Inc. and [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media]] | '''PRTV PRIME''' | [[Prime TV (Philippine TV channel)|Prime TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 4 a.m. – midnight (the next day) | rowspan="8" | Fully migrated from Analog to Digital <br /> Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''51.02''' | '''BLAST SPORTS''' | [[Blast TV|Blast Sports]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''51.03''' | '''KNOWLEDGE CHANNEL''' | [[Knowledge Channel]] | rowspan="3" | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – 11 p.m. |- | '''51.04''' | '''BLAST MOVIES''' | [[Movie Central (Philippine TV channel)|Blast Movies]] | rowspan="1" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''51.05''' | '''BILYONARYO NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[Bilyonaryo News Channel]] | rowspan="4" | 5 a.m. – midnight |- | '''51.06''' | '''LIFE TV''' | [[Life TV (Philippines)|Life TV]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- | '''51.07''' | '''D8TV''' | [[D8TV]] |- | '''51.08''' | '''RESERVED''' | Reserved | [[4:3]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] |- |} </div> ===Region XIII (Caraga Region)=== ===Agusan del Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | [[DXSB-TV|DXSB-DTV]] | rowspan="7" | '''15''' | rowspan="7" | '''479.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Butuan City and Caraga) |'''26.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Butuan]] | rowspan="6" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. - 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (10 kW) |- | '''26.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''26.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | Weekdays 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''26.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' |[[Heart of Asia (TV channel)|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" |6:00 a.m. - midnight (the next day) |- | '''26.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''26.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast |- | '''26.31''' | '''GMA 1Seg''' | GMA Butuan Relay | 4:3 [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | rowspan="5" {{n/a|PA}} | rowspan="5" | '''18''' | rowspan="5" | '''497.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Butuan City and Caraga) | '''5.01''' | rowspan="5" | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Network, Inc.]] | '''TV5''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Butuan]] | rowspan="4" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="4" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''5.02''' | '''One PH''' | [[One PH]] | 24 Hours |- | '''5.03''' | '''One Sports''' | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] | 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) |- | '''5.04''' | '''One Movies''' | [[One Movies (TV channel)|One Movies]] | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''5.31''' | '''One Seg S1''' | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5 Butuan Relay]] | 16:9 [[144p]] [[LDTV]] | Monday to Friday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Saturday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:45 a.m. (the next day) <br /> Sunday: 5:00 a.m. – 1:30 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- | [[DXNS-TV|DXNS-DTV]] | '''27''' | '''551.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Butuan City and Caraga) | '''7.01''' | rowspan="1" | Northern Mindanao Broadcasting System | '''Bee TV''' | [[DXNS-TV|Bee TV]] | rowspan="1" | 16:9 [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Monday to Sunday: 7 a.m. – 11 p.m. (the next day) | rowspan="1" | Test broadcast (500 watts) |- |} </div> ===Agusan del Sur=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Surigao del Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===Surigao del Sur=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> ===BARMM (Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao)=== ===Maguindanao del Norte=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- | rowspan="7" | DXMC-DTV | rowspan="7" | '''42''' | rowspan="7" | '''641.143&nbsp;MHz''' (Cotabato City, Maguindanao del Norte and Maguindanao del Sur) | '''12.01''' | rowspan="7" | [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network, Inc.]] | '''GMA''' | [[GMA Network|GMA Cotabato]] | rowspan="6" | [[16:9]] [[480i]] [[SDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | rowspan="5" | Commercial broadcast (5 kW) |- | '''12.02''' | '''GTV''' | [[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]] | rowspan="1" | 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.03''' | '''GMA NEWS CHANNEL''' | [[GMA News Channel]] | rowspan="1" | Weekdays: 5 a.m. – midnight <br /> Weekends: 5:30 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.04''' | '''HEART OF ASIA''' | [[Heart of Asia Channel|Heart of Asia]] | rowspan="2" | 6 a.m. – midnight (the next day) |- | '''12.06''' | '''I HEART MOVIES''' | [[I Heart Movies]] |- | '''12.11''' | {{n/a|'''(UNNAMED)'''}} | {{n/a|Black Screen}} | {{n/a|TBA}} | Test broadcast |- | '''12.31''' | '''GMA 1SEG''' | GMA Cotabato relay | [[4:3]] [[240p]] [[LDTV]] | Weekdays: 5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m. <br /> Weekends: 5 a.m. – 1 a.m. (the next day) | [[1seg]] |- |} </div> ===Sulu=== <div style="overflow: auto"> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Callsign !class="unsortable"|[[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] Channel !class="unsortable"|[[Frequency]] !width="6%" | [[Virtual channel|LCN]] !Broadcaster !Short Name !class="unsortable"|Programming !class="unsortable"|Picture Format !Broadcasting Hours !Notes |- |} </div> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Filipino television stations| ]] [[Category:Philippine television-related lists]] iaq4sosed0u583fi1xc2lhf3csvbaxr 0 803763 10368111 10360449 2025-07-02T19:15:09Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* References */ US-EN 10368111 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = | genre = [[Comedy]] | creator = | director = {{unbulleted list|Miguel Puga|Mike Nordstrom}} | developer = Michael Rubiner | voices = {{plainlist | * [[Izabella Alvarez]] as Ronnie Anne Santiago * [[Carlos PenaVega]] as [[Bobby Santiago]] * [[Eugenio Derbez]] as [[Arturo Santiago]] * [[Ken Jeong]] as [[Stanley Chang]] * [[Melissa Joan Hart]] as Becca Chang * [[Leah Mei Gold]] as Sid Chang * [[Lexi Sexton]] as Adelaide Chang * [[Dee Bradley Baker]] as Lalo Casagrade }} | theme_music_composer = [[Germaine Franco]] | opentheme = "The Casagrandes Theme Song"<ref name="ThemeSong">{{cite web |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/4n3HX545ECl7YtcGJf6BCb?nd=1#upsell|title=The Casagrandes Theme Song|date=2019|website=[[Spotify]]|publisher=[[Nickelodeon]]|access-date=May 25, 2020}}</ref> performed by [[Ally Brooke]]<!--Do not add Izabella Alvarez here despite being involved in the theme song. Only Ally Brooke is credited as the performer.--> | endtheme = | composer = Germaine Franco<br>Jonathan Hylander | country = United States | language = English and Spanish | num_seasons = 4<!-- increment when new season begins --> | num_episodes = 79<!-- increment when new episode airs --> | list_episodes = | executive_producer = Michael Rubiner | producer = Karen Malach | cinematography = | animator = [[Jam Filled Entertainment]]<br/>'''CG Animation by'''<br/>[[Nickelodeon Digital|NICK DIGITAL]] | runtime = 11 minutes (regular segments)<br>22 minutes (special segments) | company = {{plainlist| *Nickelodeon Productions (seasons 1-2) *[[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] (season 3) *{{efn|Animation outsourced to [[Jam Filled Entertainment]].}} }} | network = [[Nickelodeon]] <br> [[Nicktoons Network]] | first_aired = {{Start date|2019|10|14}} | last_aired = {{End date|2022|9|30}} | related = ''[[The Loud House]]''<br/>Charles and Lalo's Bigger Ball Bellies }} '''''The Casagrandes''''' ('''''Los Casagrandes''''') is an [[United States|American]] [[Cartoon series|animated]] [[Television program|television series]]. It was developed by [[Michael Rubiner]]. The series is a [[spin-off]] of ''[[The Loud House]]''. It first aired on October 14, 2019, the same day ''The Loud House'' [[episode]] "Kings of the Con" premiered. The series aired for three [[Season (television)|seasons]]. On February 17, 2022, ''[[Axios (website)|Axios]]'' reported that [[Nickelodeon]] had cancelled the series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.axios.com/nickelodeon-cancels-casagrandes-latino-family-cartoon-5b0ba031-d351-475f-a718-49be0598f576.html|title=Scoop: Nickelodeon cancels ''The Casagrandes''|work=[[Axios (website)|Axios]]|author=Astrid Galván|date=February 17, 2022|access-date=February 17, 2022|archive-date=February 17, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217180558/https://www.axios.com/nickelodeon-cancels-casagrandes-latino-family-cartoon-5b0ba031-d351-475f-a718-49be0598f576.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The final episode of the series aired on September 30, 2022. == Episodes == {{Main|List of The Casagrandes episodes}} {|class="wikitable" |- ! Season !! Episodes !! First episode !! Last episode |- | 1 || 25 || October 14, 2019 || November 25, 2020 |- | 2 || 21 || October 9, 2020 || September 10, 2021 |- | 3 || 24 || September 17, 2021 || September 30, 2022 |} == Characters == * Ronnie Anne Santiago (voiced by [[Izabella Alvarez]]): The skateboarding girl. * Bobby Santiago (voiced by [[Carlos PenaVega]]): Ronnie Anne's big brother. He has a bunch of many jobs. * Maria Casagrande-Santiago (voiced by [[Sumalee Montano]]): Ronnie Anne's mother. * Rosa Casagrande (voiced by [[Sonia Manzano]]): Ronnie Anne's grandmother. * Hector Casagrande (voiced by Ruben Garfias): Ronnie Anne's grandfather. * Carlos Casagrande (voiced by [[Carlos Alazraqui]]): Ronnie Anne's uncle. * Frida Puga-Casagrande (voiced by Roxana Ortega): Ronnie Anne's aunt. * Carlota Casagrande (voiced by [[Alexa PenaVega]]): Ronnie Anne's cousin. * Carlos "CJ" Casagrande Jr. (voiced by Jared Kozak): Ronnie Anne's cousin. * Carlino "Carl" Casagrande (voiced by [[Alex Cazares]]): Ronnie Anne's cousin. * Carlitos Casagrande (voiced by Roxana Ortega up to ep. 6, Cristina Milizia from ep. 7 onward): Ronnie Anne's cousin. * Sergio (voiced by [[Carlos Alazraqui]]): A [[parrot]]. * Lalo (vocal effects provided by [[Dee Bradley Baker]]): A [[dog]]. * Dr. Arturo Santiago (voiced by [[Eugenio Derbez]]): Ronnie Anne's father. * Mr. Stanley Chang (voiced by [[Ken Jeong]]): Sid's father. * Mrs. Becca Chang (voiced by [[Melissa Joan Hart]]): Sid's mother. She is a zoologist in Great Lakes Zoo. * Sid Chang (voiced by [[Leah Mei Gold]]): Ronnie Anne's best friend. * Adelaide Chang (voiced by Lexi Sexton): Sid's little sister. == Places == The show is set in Great Lakes City. == Origin == {{Main|The Loud House}} The Casagrandes first appeared on [[The Loud House]] which premiered on May 2, 2016. Bobby Santiago was introduced on the series premiere episode of The Loud House Get The Message, which aired on May 2, 2016, Ronnie Anne Santiago was introduced in The Loud House episode Heavy Meddle, which aired on May 3, Bobby and Ronnie Anne Santiago was physically introduced in The Loud House episode Save The Date, which aired on August 4, 2016, Maria Casagrande Santiago (mom of Bobby and Ronnie Anne) was introduced in The Loud House episode Shell Shock which aired on April 13, 2017, the full Casagrande family was introduced in The Loud House episode The Loudest Mission: Relative Chaos which aired on May 29, 2017. On March 6, 2018, it was announced that [[Nickelodeon]] was developing a spinoff of The Loud House title The Casagrandes formerly title Los Casagrandes. On July 2, 2018, it was announced that Nickelodeon officially green-lit the animated series with a 20-episode order. On February 14, 2019, it was announced that The Casagrandes, would premiere in October 2019. The show premiered in October 14, 2019 ==References== {{reflist}} ;Notes <references group="lower-alpha"/> {{DEFAULTSORT:Casagrandes, The}} [[Category:Nickelodeon television series]] [[Category:2010s American children's television series]] [[Category:2020s American children's television series]] [[Category:2019 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2022 American television series debuts]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:Flash animation]] [[Category:Traditional animation]] n3mvr7kcj44f61hms5e25yh641kg4rd 0 804263 10368758 9217567 2025-07-03T02:32:44Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* History */ minor gramatical issue with a typo of duplication 10368758 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Day Without Art''' also written as '''Day With(out) Art''' (short: '''DWA''') is an annual event where art museums and other organizations organize programs related to [[AIDS]], people who have died, and to inspire positive action. == History == Day Without Art began started in 1989. It was response to the AIDS crisis as many artists also died of AIDS. The day coincides with World AIDS Day,<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/artofaids0000bake/page/164|title=The art of AIDS|last=Rob.|first=Baker|date=1994|publisher=Continuum|isbn=082640653X|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/artofaids0000bake/page/164 164-165]|oclc=30318553|url-access=registration}}</ref> which began the year before. 800 U.S. art and AIDS groups participated in the first Day Without Art. Museums were sending staff to volunteer at AIDS services, or sponsoring special exhibitions of work about AIDS. Day With(out) Art grew in collaborations to estimated 8,000 national and international museums, galleries, art centers, [[AIDS service organization]]s, libraries, high schools and colleges take part.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thebody.com/visualaids/dwa/dwa2006.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214102448/http://www.thebody.com/visualaids/dwa/dwa2006.html | archive-date=2007-12-14 | title=The Body: Visual AIDS Day With(out) Art 2006 }}</ref> New York group called "Visual AIDS" (now NGO),<ref name=":0" /> initiated public actions and programs, published an annual poster and [[public domain|copyright-free]] [[Broadside (printing)|broadsides]], and acted as press coordinator and [[wikt:clearing house|clearing house]] for projects for Day Without Art/[[World AIDS Day]]. '''Day With(out) Art''' highlights art projects by artists living with HIV/AIDS, and art about AIDS, that were taking place around the world. In 2014, the Los Angeles art collective, My Barbarian, staged a video performance in remembrance of [[Pedro Zamora]], inspired by the queer theorist, [[José Esteban Muñoz]]'s theory of counterpublicity.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.visualaids.org/blog/detail/tavia-nyongo#_edn3|title = The video is a remembrance within a remembrance: to Pedro Zamora and to José Esteban Muñoz.|last = AIDS|first = Visual|website = Visual AIDS|access-date = 2016-04-27|archive-date = 2016-06-23|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160623221542/https://www.visualaids.org/blog/detail/tavia-nyongo#_edn3|url-status = dead}}</ref> In 2020, due to pandemic VisualAIDS organized online programming featuring commissioned diverse video works from different parts of the world and talks to authors.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.artforum.com/video/visual-aids-84570 | title=TRANSMISSIONS / Day With(out) Art 2020 }}</ref> Programing was done in multiple languages and done both in the NYC and around the world at different times in different timezones with different partner organizations.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://visualaids.org/events/detail/dwa2020 | title=Visual AIDS &#124; Day With(out) Art 2020: TRANSMISSIONS }}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * [https://www.visualaids.org/projects/detail/day-without-art VisualAIDS.org: official '''Day Without Art''' website] * http://www.thebody.com/visualaids/dwa/dwa2006.html * https://web.archive.org/web/20080908013708/http://www.carnegiemuseums.org/cmag/bk_issue/2005/winter/feature3.html [[Category:1989 establishments]] [[Category:LGBT events]] [[Category:HIV/AIDS]] [[Category:Art exhibitions]] [[Category:December observances]] pdqdhjvx34colidgq118z3py6qc8107 0 806899 10367690 7210312 2025-07-02T13:32:36Z CallumBen13 1611993 Changed redirect target from [[List of The Simpsons characters]] to [[List of The Simpsons characters#Ling Bouvier]] 10367690 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[List of The Simpsons characters#Ling Bouvier]] {{R from fictional character}} s1tt0k80bwgqditjmuagjujvq9h0hra 0 806907 10368731 10335807 2025-07-03T02:22:44Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368731 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox philosopher | image = Franciscodevictoria.jpg | caption = Statue of Francisco de Vitoria at [[Convento de San Esteban, Salamanca|San Esteban]], [[Salamanca]] |school_tradition=[[Thomism]]<br>[[School of Salamanca]]|birth_date={{circa|1483}}|death_date=12 August 1546|influences={{flatlist| * [[Aquinas]] * [[Peter Crockaert|Crockhaert]] * [[Erasmus]] * [[Thomas Cajetan|Cajetan]] }}|influenced={{flatlist| * [[Navarrus]] * [[Edmund Burke|Burke]] * [[Joseph De Maistre|Maistre]] * [[Domingo de Soto|Soto]] * [[Grotius]] * [[Rothbard]] * [[Carl Schmitt|Schmitt]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Gottfried |first=Paul |title=Carl Schmitt |year=1990 |publisher=Claridge Press |isbn=978-1-870626-46-0 |page=27}}</ref> }}|birth_place=[[Burgos]], [[Crown of Castile]]|death_place=[[Salamanca]], Crown of Castile|notable_ideas=[[International law]]<br>[[Freedom of the seas]]|main_interests=[[Natural law]]|region=[[Western philosophy]] * [[Spanish philosophy]]|era=[[Renaissance philosophy]] }} '''Francisco de Vitoria''' ([[Burgos, Spain|Boroughs]], 1483 or 1486-[[Salamanca]], 12 August 1546) was a [[friar]] [[Dominican Order|dominico]] [[Spain|Spanish]], [[writer]] and chair of the [[University of Salamanca]], the one who stood out by his ideas and contributions to the [[International law|international right]] and the moral economy based in the thought [[Humanism|humanist]] of the [[Aristotle|Aristotelian]] realism-tomista. ==References== {{Library resources box|by=yes||onlinebooks=yes|lccn=n83011385}} {{reflist}} ==Sources== * Johannes Thumfart: ''[https://www.academia.edu/3067339/Die_Begru_ndung_der_globalpolitischen_Philosophie_Francisco_de_Vitorias_Vorlesun%20g_u_ber_die_Entdeckung_Amerikas_im_ideengeschichtlichen_Kontext Die Begründung der globalpolitischen Philosophie. Zu Francisco de Vitorias "relectio de indis recenter inventis" von 1539].'' Berlin 2009. (256 pp.) ==Other websites== {{wikisource|works=or}} *[http://theahi.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Francisco-de-Vitoria-on-War.pdf Francisco de Vitoria, ''De Indis'' (1532)] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Vitoria, Francisco}} [[Category:1480s births]] [[Category:1546 deaths]] [[Category:16th-century Spanish jurists]] [[Category:16th-century Spanish male writers]] [[Category:16th-century Spanish philosophers]] [[Category:16th-century Spanish Roman Catholic theologians]] [[Category:Academic staff of the University of Salamanca]] [[Category:Catholic philosophers]] [[Category:International law scholars]] [[Category:Natural law ethicists]] [[Category:Scholastic philosophers]] [[Category:School of Salamanca]] [[Category:Spanish Dominicans]] [[Category:Spanish male non-fiction writers]] [[Category:Spanish people of Jewish descent]] [[Category:Spanish Roman Catholic writers]] [[Category:Spanish theologians]] [[Category:Thomists]] [[Category:Articles with unsourced statements]] icqyhcokrup2sng0ahj3ux6psm661w0 0 808769 10369226 10061670 2025-07-03T08:31:09Z Fin.Seaman 1410569 10369226 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Portuguese footballer (1996–2025)}}{{Portuguese name|Teixeira|da Silva}} {{Infobox football biography | name = Diogo Jota | image = Diogo Jota 2021 (cropped).jpg | caption = Jota playing for [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] in 2021 | full_name = Diogo José Teixeira da Silva<ref name="Soccerway"/> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1996|12|4|df=y}}<ref name="PremProfile">{{cite web |url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/19758/Diogo-Jota/overview |title=Diogo Jota: Overview |publisher=Premier League |access-date=3 March 2024}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Porto]], Portugal | height = 1.78 m<ref name="PremProfile"/> | position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]], [[Winger (association football)|left winger]] | currentclub = [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] | clubnumber = 20 | youthyears1 = 2005–2013 | youthclubs1 = [[Gondomar S.C.|Gondomar]] | youthyears2 = 2013–2015 | youthclubs2 = [[F.C. Paços de Ferreira|Paços de Ferreira]] | years1 = 2014–2016 | clubs1 = [[F.C. Paços de Ferreira|Paços de Ferreira]] | caps1 = 41 | goals1 = 14 | years2 = 2016–2018 | clubs2 = [[Atlético Madrid]] | caps2 = 0 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2016–2017 | clubs3 = → [[FC Porto|Porto]] (loan) | caps3 = 27 | goals3 = 8 | years4 = 2017–2018 | clubs4 = → [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] (loan) | caps4 = 44 | goals4 = 17 | years5 = 2018–2020 | clubs5 = [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] | caps5 = 67 | goals5 = 16 | years6 = 2020– | clubs6 = [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] | caps6 = 97<!--League only--> | goals6 = 41 | nationalyears1 = 2014–2015 | nationalteam1 = [[Portugal national under-19 football team|Portugal U19]] | nationalcaps1 = 9 | nationalgoals1 = 5 | nationalyears2 = 2015–2018 | nationalteam2 = [[Portugal national under-21 football team|Portugal U21]] | nationalcaps2 = 20 | nationalgoals2 = 8 | nationalyears3 = 2016 | nationalteam3 = [[Portugal Olympic football team|Portugal U23]] | nationalcaps3 = 1 | nationalgoals3 = 1 | nationalyears4 = 2019– | nationalteam4 = [[Portugal national football team|Portugal]] | nationalcaps4 = 36 | nationalgoals4 = 12 | club-update = 19:07, 21 April 2024 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 23:30, 16 November 2023 (UTC) | medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}} {{MedalCountry|{{fb|POR}}}} {{Medal|Competition|[[UEFA Nations League]]}} {{Medal|Winner|[[2019 UEFA Nations League|2019]]|}} | death_date = {{death date and age|2025|07|3|1996|12|4|df=y}} | death_place = [[Zamora, Spain]] }} '''Diogo José Teixeira da Silva''' (born 4 December 1996), commonly known as '''Diogo Jota''', was a [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[Association Football|footballer]]. He played as a [[Midfielder|winger]] for [[English Premier League|Premier League]] team [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]. ==Career statistics== ===Club=== {{updated|match played 21 April 2024}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |- !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|National cup{{efn|Includes [[Taça de Portugal]], [[FA Cup]]}} !colspan="2"|League cup{{efn|Includes [[Taça da Liga]], [[EFL Cup]]}} !colspan="2"|Europe !colspan="2"|Other !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="3"|[[F.C. Paços de Ferreira|Paços de Ferreira]] |[[2014–15 Primeira Liga|2014–15]]<ref name="Soccerway"/> |[[Primeira Liga]] |10||2||1||1||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||11||3 |- |[[2015–16 Primeira Liga|2015–16]]<ref name="Soccerway"/> |Primeira Liga |31||12||1|||0||2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||34||12 |- !colspan="2"|Total !41||14||2||1||2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||45||15 |- |[[Atlético Madrid]] |[[2016–17 Atlético Madrid season|2016–17]]<ref name="Soccerway"/> |[[La Liga]] |0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||0||0 |- |[[FC Porto|Porto]] (loan) |[[2016–17 FC Porto season|2016–17]]<ref name="Soccerway">{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/diogo-jose-teixeira-da-silva/374031/ |title=Diogo Jota: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=22 April 2023}}</ref> |Primeira Liga |27||8||1||0||1||0||8{{efn|name=UCL|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}}||1||colspan="2"|—||37||9 |- |[[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] (loan) |[[2017–18 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2017–18]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2017|access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |[[EFL Championship|Championship]] |44||17||1||1||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||46||18 |- |rowspan="3"|Wolverhampton Wanderers |[[2018–19 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2018–19]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2018|access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |[[Premier League]] |33||9||3||1||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||37||10 |- |[[2019–20 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2019–20]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2019|access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |Premier League |34||7||0||0||0||0||14{{efn|name=UEL|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa League]]}}||9||colspan="2"|—||48||16 |- !colspan="2"|Total !111!!33!!4!!2!!2!!0!!14!!9!!colspan="2"|—!!131!!44 |- |rowspan="5"|[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] |[[2020–21 Liverpool F.C. season|2020–21]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2020|access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |Premier League |19||9||0||0||2||0||9{{efn|name=UCL}}||4||colspan="2"|—||30||13 |- |[[2021–22 Liverpool F.C. season|2021–22]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2021|access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |Premier League |35||15||5||2||4||3||11{{efn|name=UCL}}||1||colspan="2"|—||55||21 |- |[[2022–23 Liverpool F.C. season|2022–23]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2022|access-date=14 April 2024}}</ref> |Premier League |22||7||0||0||0||0||6{{efn|name=UCL}}||0||0||0||28||7 |- |[[2023–24 Liverpool F.C. season|2023–24]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2023|access-date=14 April 2024}}</ref> |Premier League |21||10||2||1||4||1||5{{efn|name=UEL}}||3|| colspan="2" |—||32||15 |- !colspan="2"|Total !97||41||7||3||10||4||31||8||0||0||145||56 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !276||96||14||6||15||4||53||18||0||0||358||124 |} {{notelist}} ===International=== {{updated|match played 16 November 2023}}<ref name="wfnat">{{cite web |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/diogo-jota/4/ |title=Diogo Jota: Internationals |website=worldfootball.net |publisher=HEIM:SPIEL |access-date=14 April 2024}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+ Appearances and goals by national team and year |- !National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="5"|[[Portugal national football team|Portugal]] |2019||2||0 |- |2020||8||3 |- |2021||12||5 |- |2022||7||2 |- |2023||7||2 |- !colspan="2"|Total||36||12 |} {{updated|match played 16 November 2023}} :''Scores and results list Portugal's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Jota goal''<ref name="wfnat"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ List of international goals scored by Diogo Jota |- !scope="col"|No. !scope="col"|Date !scope="col"|Venue !scope="col"|Cap !scope="col"|Opponent !scope="col"|Score !scope="col"|Result !scope="col"|Competition !scope="col" class="unsortable"|{{abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- |style="text-align: center;"|1||5 September 2020||[[Estádio do Dragão]], Porto, Portugal||style="text-align: center;"|3||{{fb|CRO}}||style="text-align: center;"|2–0||style="text-align: center;"|4–1||[[2020–21 UEFA Nations League A]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2020/09/05/europe/uefa-nations-league/portugal/croatia/3243363/ |title=Portugal vs. Croatia 4–1: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|2||rowspan="2"|14 October 2020||rowspan="2"|[[Estádio José Alvalade]], Lisbon, Portugal||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|7||rowspan="2"|{{fb|SWE}}||style="text-align: center;"|2–0||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|3–0||rowspan="2"|[[2020–21 UEFA Nations League A]]||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2020/10/14/europe/uefa-nations-league/portugal/sweden/3243370/ |title=Portugal vs. Sweden 3–0: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|3||style="text-align: center;"|3–0 |- |style="text-align: center;"|4||rowspan="2"|27 March 2021||rowspan="2"|[[Red Star Stadium]], Belgrade, Serbia||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|11||rowspan="2"|{{fb|SRB}}||style="text-align: center;"|1–0||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|2–2||rowspan="2"|[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]]||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2021/03/27/europe/wc-qualifying-europe/serbia/portugal/3429998/ |title=Serbia vs. Portugal 2–2: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|5||style="text-align: center;"|2–0 |- |style="text-align: center;"|6||30 March 2021||[[Stade Josy Barthel]], Luxembourg City, Luxembourg||style="text-align: center;"|12||{{fb|LUX}}||style="text-align: center;"|1–1||style="text-align: center;"|3–1||[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2021/03/30/europe/wc-qualifying-europe/luxembourg/portugal/3430001/ |title=Luxembourg vs. Portugal 1–3: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|7||19 June 2021||[[Allianz Arena]], Munich, Germany||style="text-align: center;"|16||{{fb|GER}}||style="text-align: center;"|2–4||style="text-align: center;"|2–4||[[UEFA Euro 2020]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2021/06/19/europe/european-championships/portugal/germany/3188309/ |title=Portugal vs. Germany 2–4: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|8||7 September 2021||[[Baku Olympic Stadium]], Baku, Azerbaijan||style="text-align: center;"|21||{{fb|AZE}}||style="text-align: center;"|3–0||style="text-align: center;"|3–0||[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2021/09/07/europe/wc-qualifying-europe/azerbaijan/portugal/3430006/ |title=Azerbaijan vs. Portugal 0–3: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|9||24 March 2022||[[Estádio do Dragão]], Porto, Portugal||style="text-align: center;"|23||{{fb|TUR}}||style="text-align: center;"|2–0||style="text-align: center;"|3–1||[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2022/03/24/europe/wc-qualifying-europe/portugal/turkey/3702973/ |title=Portugal vs. Turkey 3–1: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|10||24 September 2022||[[Fortuna Arena]], Prague, Czech Republic||style="text-align: center;"|28||{{fb|CZE}}||style="text-align: center;"|4–0||style="text-align: center;"|4–0||[[2022–23 UEFA Nations League A]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2022/09/24/europe/uefa-nations-league/czech-republic/portugal/3710391/ |title=Czech Republic vs. Portugal 0–4: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|11||rowspan="2"|11 September 2023||rowspan="2"|[[Estádio Algarve]], Algarve, Portugal||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|33||rowspan="2"|{{fb|LUX}}||style="text-align: center;"|5–0||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|9–0||rowspan="2"|[[UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying]]||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2023/09/11/europe/european-championship-qualification/portugal/luxembourg/3972854/ |title=Portugal vs. Luxembourg 9–0: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=11 September 2023}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|12||style="text-align: center;"|7–0 |} ==Honours== '''Wolverhampton Wanderers''' *[[EFL Championship]]: [[2017–18 EFL Championship|2017–18]]<ref>{{cite book|editor-first=John|editor-last=Anderson |title=Football Yearbook 2018–2019 |url=https://archive.org/details/footballyearbook0000head_z6e6|year=2018 |publisher=Headline Publishing Group |location=London |isbn=978-1-4722-6106-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/footballyearbook0000head_z6e6/page/386 386]–387}}</ref> '''Liverpool''' *[[FA Cup]]: [[2021–22 FA Cup|2021–22]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61429640 |title=Chelsea 0–0 Liverpool |first=Phil |last=McNulty |website=BBC Sport |date=14 May 2022 |access-date=14 May 2022}}</ref> *[[EFL Cup]]: [[2021–22 EFL Cup|2021–22]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/60450274 |title=Chelsea 0–0 Liverpool |first=Phil |last=McNulty |website=BBC Sport |date=27 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022}}</ref><!--- Jota was not in the matchday squad for the 2024 EFL Cup final - please do not add the 2023/24 EFL Cup without an independent reliable source which states that he received a medal --> *[[UEFA Champions League]] runner-up: [[2021–22 UEFA Champions League|2021–22]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61609200 |title=Liverpool 0–1 Real Madrid |first=Phil |last=McNulty |website=BBC Sport |date=28 May 2022 |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> '''Portugal''' *[[UEFA Nations League]]: [[2018–19 UEFA Nations League|2018–19]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://desporto.sapo.pt/futebol/liga-das-nacoes/artigos/portugal-regressa-ao-topo-da-europa-liga-das-nacoes-fica-em-casa |title=Portugal regressa ao topo da Europa. Liga das Nações fica em casa|trans-title=Portugal returns to the top of Europe. Nations League stays home |publisher=SAPO |date=9 June 2019 |access-date=10 June 2019}}</ref> '''Individual''' *[[Premier League Player of the Month]]: [[2023–24 Premier League#Monthly awards|January 2024]]<ref name="PremProfile"/> *[[SJPF Young Player of the Month]]: October/November 2015<ref name="Oct&Nov">{{cite web |url=http://sjpf.pt/index.php?pt=news&op=OP_SHOW_DETAIL&id=7467|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414220444/http://sjpf.pt/index.php?pt=news&op=OP_SHOW_DETAIL&id=7467|archive-date=14 April 2016 |title=SJPF entrega prémio a Diogo Jota |language=pt|trans-title=SJPF gives award to Diogo Jota |date=12 January 2016 |publisher=SJPF |access-date=20 March 2016}}</ref> *Primeira Liga Goal of the Month: [[2015–16 Primeira Liga#Goal of the month|February 2016]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.abola.pt/nnh/ver.aspx?id=602705 |title=Jonas eleito o melhor jogador de fevereiro |language=pt|trans-title=Jonas voted the best player of February |date=16 March 2016 |newspaper=A Bola |access-date=20 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320075400/http://www.abola.pt/nnh/ver.aspx?id=602705 |archive-date=20 March 2016}}</ref> *UEFA Champions League Breakthrough XI: 2020<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2020 |title=Champions League breakthrough team of 2020 |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0264-1136a160137c-1457a37d80c8-1000--champions-league-breakthrough-team-of-2020 |publisher=UEFA |access-date=1 January 2021}}</ref> ==References== '''International appearances''' *{{cite web |url=https://www.fpf.pt/pt/Jogadores/Jogador/playerId/794648 |title=Jogador: Diogo Jota|trans-title=Player: Diogo Jota |publisher=Portuguese Football Federation |language=pt|access-date=11 June 2018}} '''General''' {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commonscat}} *[http://www.ligaportugal.pt/oou/clube/20142015/primeiraliga/153/jogador/70131 Portuguese League profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315085035/http://www.ligaportugal.pt/oou/clube/20142015/primeiraliga/153/jogador/70131 |date=2016-03-15 }} {{in lang|pt}} *{{Sports links}} {{Portugal squad UEFA Euro 2020}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jota, Diogo}} [[Category:1996 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Portuguese footballers]] [[Category:Association football midfielders]] [[Category:Liverpool F.C. players]] [[Category:Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players]] [[Category:Premier League players]] [[Category:Portugal at UEFA Euro 2020]] g26mjolapu0q6nwk67lvgvpe4a10wqx 10369227 10369226 2025-07-03T08:31:30Z Fin.Seaman 1410569 /* Career statistics */ 10369227 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Portuguese footballer (1996–2025)}}{{Portuguese name|Teixeira|da Silva}} {{Infobox football biography | name = Diogo Jota | image = Diogo Jota 2021 (cropped).jpg | caption = Jota playing for [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] in 2021 | full_name = Diogo José Teixeira da Silva<ref name="Soccerway"/> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1996|12|4|df=y}}<ref name="PremProfile">{{cite web |url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/19758/Diogo-Jota/overview |title=Diogo Jota: Overview |publisher=Premier League |access-date=3 March 2024}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Porto]], Portugal | height = 1.78 m<ref name="PremProfile"/> | position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]], [[Winger (association football)|left winger]] | currentclub = [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] | clubnumber = 20 | youthyears1 = 2005–2013 | youthclubs1 = [[Gondomar S.C.|Gondomar]] | youthyears2 = 2013–2015 | youthclubs2 = [[F.C. Paços de Ferreira|Paços de Ferreira]] | years1 = 2014–2016 | clubs1 = [[F.C. Paços de Ferreira|Paços de Ferreira]] | caps1 = 41 | goals1 = 14 | years2 = 2016–2018 | clubs2 = [[Atlético Madrid]] | caps2 = 0 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2016–2017 | clubs3 = → [[FC Porto|Porto]] (loan) | caps3 = 27 | goals3 = 8 | years4 = 2017–2018 | clubs4 = → [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] (loan) | caps4 = 44 | goals4 = 17 | years5 = 2018–2020 | clubs5 = [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] | caps5 = 67 | goals5 = 16 | years6 = 2020– | clubs6 = [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] | caps6 = 97<!--League only--> | goals6 = 41 | nationalyears1 = 2014–2015 | nationalteam1 = [[Portugal national under-19 football team|Portugal U19]] | nationalcaps1 = 9 | nationalgoals1 = 5 | nationalyears2 = 2015–2018 | nationalteam2 = [[Portugal national under-21 football team|Portugal U21]] | nationalcaps2 = 20 | nationalgoals2 = 8 | nationalyears3 = 2016 | nationalteam3 = [[Portugal Olympic football team|Portugal U23]] | nationalcaps3 = 1 | nationalgoals3 = 1 | nationalyears4 = 2019– | nationalteam4 = [[Portugal national football team|Portugal]] | nationalcaps4 = 36 | nationalgoals4 = 12 | club-update = 19:07, 21 April 2024 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 23:30, 16 November 2023 (UTC) | medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}} {{MedalCountry|{{fb|POR}}}} {{Medal|Competition|[[UEFA Nations League]]}} {{Medal|Winner|[[2019 UEFA Nations League|2019]]|}} | death_date = {{death date and age|2025|07|3|1996|12|4|df=y}} | death_place = [[Zamora, Spain]] }} '''Diogo José Teixeira da Silva''' (4 December 1996 – 3 July 2025), commonly known as '''Diogo Jota''', was a [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[Association Football|footballer]]. He played as a [[Midfielder|winger]] for [[English Premier League|Premier League]] team [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]. ==Career statistics== ===Club=== {{updated|match played 21 April 2024}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |- !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|National cup{{efn|Includes [[Taça de Portugal]], [[FA Cup]]}} !colspan="2"|League cup{{efn|Includes [[Taça da Liga]], [[EFL Cup]]}} !colspan="2"|Europe !colspan="2"|Other !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="3"|[[F.C. Paços de Ferreira|Paços de Ferreira]] |[[2014–15 Primeira Liga|2014–15]]<ref name="Soccerway"/> |[[Primeira Liga]] |10||2||1||1||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||11||3 |- |[[2015–16 Primeira Liga|2015–16]]<ref name="Soccerway"/> |Primeira Liga |31||12||1|||0||2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||34||12 |- !colspan="2"|Total !41||14||2||1||2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||45||15 |- |[[Atlético Madrid]] |[[2016–17 Atlético Madrid season|2016–17]]<ref name="Soccerway"/> |[[La Liga]] |0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||0||0 |- |[[FC Porto|Porto]] (loan) |[[2016–17 FC Porto season|2016–17]]<ref name="Soccerway">{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/diogo-jose-teixeira-da-silva/374031/ |title=Diogo Jota: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=22 April 2023}}</ref> |Primeira Liga |27||8||1||0||1||0||8{{efn|name=UCL|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}}||1||colspan="2"|—||37||9 |- |[[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] (loan) |[[2017–18 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2017–18]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2017|access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |[[EFL Championship|Championship]] |44||17||1||1||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||46||18 |- |rowspan="3"|Wolverhampton Wanderers |[[2018–19 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2018–19]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2018|access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |[[Premier League]] |33||9||3||1||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||37||10 |- |[[2019–20 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2019–20]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2019|access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |Premier League |34||7||0||0||0||0||14{{efn|name=UEL|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa League]]}}||9||colspan="2"|—||48||16 |- !colspan="2"|Total !111!!33!!4!!2!!2!!0!!14!!9!!colspan="2"|—!!131!!44 |- |rowspan="5"|[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] |[[2020–21 Liverpool F.C. season|2020–21]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2020|access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |Premier League |19||9||0||0||2||0||9{{efn|name=UCL}}||4||colspan="2"|—||30||13 |- |[[2021–22 Liverpool F.C. season|2021–22]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2021|access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |Premier League |35||15||5||2||4||3||11{{efn|name=UCL}}||1||colspan="2"|—||55||21 |- |[[2022–23 Liverpool F.C. season|2022–23]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2022|access-date=14 April 2024}}</ref> |Premier League |22||7||0||0||0||0||6{{efn|name=UCL}}||0||0||0||28||7 |- |[[2023–24 Liverpool F.C. season|2023–24]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2023|access-date=14 April 2024}}</ref> |Premier League |21||10||2||1||4||1||5{{efn|name=UEL}}||3|| colspan="2" |—||32||15 |- !colspan="2"|Total !97||41||7||3||10||4||31||8||0||0||145||56 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !276||96||14||6||15||4||53||18||0||0||358||124 |} {{notelist}} ===International=== {{updated|match played 16 November 2023}}<ref name="wfnat">{{cite web |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/diogo-jota/4/ |title=Diogo Jota: Internationals |website=worldfootball.net |publisher=HEIM:SPIEL |access-date=14 April 2024}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+ Appearances and goals by national team and year |- !National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="5"|[[Portugal national football team|Portugal]] |2019||2||0 |- |2020||8||3 |- |2021||12||5 |- |2022||7||2 |- |2023||7||2 |- !colspan="2"|Total||36||12 |} {{updated|match played 16 November 2023}} :''Scores and results list Portugal's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Jota goal''<ref name="wfnat"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ List of international goals scored by Diogo Jota |- !scope="col"|No. !scope="col"|Date !scope="col"|Venue !scope="col"|Cap !scope="col"|Opponent !scope="col"|Score !scope="col"|Result !scope="col"|Competition !scope="col" class="unsortable"|{{abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- |style="text-align: center;"|1||5 September 2020||[[Estádio do Dragão]], Porto, Portugal||style="text-align: center;"|3||{{fb|CRO}}||style="text-align: center;"|2–0||style="text-align: center;"|4–1||[[2020–21 UEFA Nations League A]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2020/09/05/europe/uefa-nations-league/portugal/croatia/3243363/ |title=Portugal vs. Croatia 4–1: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|2||rowspan="2"|14 October 2020||rowspan="2"|[[Estádio José Alvalade]], Lisbon, Portugal||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|7||rowspan="2"|{{fb|SWE}}||style="text-align: center;"|2–0||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|3–0||rowspan="2"|[[2020–21 UEFA Nations League A]]||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2020/10/14/europe/uefa-nations-league/portugal/sweden/3243370/ |title=Portugal vs. Sweden 3–0: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|3||style="text-align: center;"|3–0 |- |style="text-align: center;"|4||rowspan="2"|27 March 2021||rowspan="2"|[[Red Star Stadium]], Belgrade, Serbia||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|11||rowspan="2"|{{fb|SRB}}||style="text-align: center;"|1–0||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|2–2||rowspan="2"|[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]]||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2021/03/27/europe/wc-qualifying-europe/serbia/portugal/3429998/ |title=Serbia vs. Portugal 2–2: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|5||style="text-align: center;"|2–0 |- |style="text-align: center;"|6||30 March 2021||[[Stade Josy Barthel]], Luxembourg City, Luxembourg||style="text-align: center;"|12||{{fb|LUX}}||style="text-align: center;"|1–1||style="text-align: center;"|3–1||[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2021/03/30/europe/wc-qualifying-europe/luxembourg/portugal/3430001/ |title=Luxembourg vs. Portugal 1–3: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|7||19 June 2021||[[Allianz Arena]], Munich, Germany||style="text-align: center;"|16||{{fb|GER}}||style="text-align: center;"|2–4||style="text-align: center;"|2–4||[[UEFA Euro 2020]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2021/06/19/europe/european-championships/portugal/germany/3188309/ |title=Portugal vs. Germany 2–4: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|8||7 September 2021||[[Baku Olympic Stadium]], Baku, Azerbaijan||style="text-align: center;"|21||{{fb|AZE}}||style="text-align: center;"|3–0||style="text-align: center;"|3–0||[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2021/09/07/europe/wc-qualifying-europe/azerbaijan/portugal/3430006/ |title=Azerbaijan vs. Portugal 0–3: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|9||24 March 2022||[[Estádio do Dragão]], Porto, Portugal||style="text-align: center;"|23||{{fb|TUR}}||style="text-align: center;"|2–0||style="text-align: center;"|3–1||[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2022/03/24/europe/wc-qualifying-europe/portugal/turkey/3702973/ |title=Portugal vs. Turkey 3–1: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|10||24 September 2022||[[Fortuna Arena]], Prague, Czech Republic||style="text-align: center;"|28||{{fb|CZE}}||style="text-align: center;"|4–0||style="text-align: center;"|4–0||[[2022–23 UEFA Nations League A]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2022/09/24/europe/uefa-nations-league/czech-republic/portugal/3710391/ |title=Czech Republic vs. Portugal 0–4: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|11||rowspan="2"|11 September 2023||rowspan="2"|[[Estádio Algarve]], Algarve, Portugal||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|33||rowspan="2"|{{fb|LUX}}||style="text-align: center;"|5–0||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|9–0||rowspan="2"|[[UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying]]||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2023/09/11/europe/european-championship-qualification/portugal/luxembourg/3972854/ |title=Portugal vs. Luxembourg 9–0: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=11 September 2023}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|12||style="text-align: center;"|7–0 |} ==Honours== '''Wolverhampton Wanderers''' *[[EFL Championship]]: [[2017–18 EFL Championship|2017–18]]<ref>{{cite book|editor-first=John|editor-last=Anderson |title=Football Yearbook 2018–2019 |url=https://archive.org/details/footballyearbook0000head_z6e6|year=2018 |publisher=Headline Publishing Group |location=London |isbn=978-1-4722-6106-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/footballyearbook0000head_z6e6/page/386 386]–387}}</ref> '''Liverpool''' *[[FA Cup]]: [[2021–22 FA Cup|2021–22]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61429640 |title=Chelsea 0–0 Liverpool |first=Phil |last=McNulty |website=BBC Sport |date=14 May 2022 |access-date=14 May 2022}}</ref> *[[EFL Cup]]: [[2021–22 EFL Cup|2021–22]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/60450274 |title=Chelsea 0–0 Liverpool |first=Phil |last=McNulty |website=BBC Sport |date=27 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022}}</ref><!--- Jota was not in the matchday squad for the 2024 EFL Cup final - please do not add the 2023/24 EFL Cup without an independent reliable source which states that he received a medal --> *[[UEFA Champions League]] runner-up: [[2021–22 UEFA Champions League|2021–22]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61609200 |title=Liverpool 0–1 Real Madrid |first=Phil |last=McNulty |website=BBC Sport |date=28 May 2022 |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> '''Portugal''' *[[UEFA Nations League]]: [[2018–19 UEFA Nations League|2018–19]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://desporto.sapo.pt/futebol/liga-das-nacoes/artigos/portugal-regressa-ao-topo-da-europa-liga-das-nacoes-fica-em-casa |title=Portugal regressa ao topo da Europa. Liga das Nações fica em casa|trans-title=Portugal returns to the top of Europe. Nations League stays home |publisher=SAPO |date=9 June 2019 |access-date=10 June 2019}}</ref> '''Individual''' *[[Premier League Player of the Month]]: [[2023–24 Premier League#Monthly awards|January 2024]]<ref name="PremProfile"/> *[[SJPF Young Player of the Month]]: October/November 2015<ref name="Oct&Nov">{{cite web |url=http://sjpf.pt/index.php?pt=news&op=OP_SHOW_DETAIL&id=7467|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414220444/http://sjpf.pt/index.php?pt=news&op=OP_SHOW_DETAIL&id=7467|archive-date=14 April 2016 |title=SJPF entrega prémio a Diogo Jota |language=pt|trans-title=SJPF gives award to Diogo Jota |date=12 January 2016 |publisher=SJPF |access-date=20 March 2016}}</ref> *Primeira Liga Goal of the Month: [[2015–16 Primeira Liga#Goal of the month|February 2016]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.abola.pt/nnh/ver.aspx?id=602705 |title=Jonas eleito o melhor jogador de fevereiro |language=pt|trans-title=Jonas voted the best player of February |date=16 March 2016 |newspaper=A Bola |access-date=20 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320075400/http://www.abola.pt/nnh/ver.aspx?id=602705 |archive-date=20 March 2016}}</ref> *UEFA Champions League Breakthrough XI: 2020<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2020 |title=Champions League breakthrough team of 2020 |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0264-1136a160137c-1457a37d80c8-1000--champions-league-breakthrough-team-of-2020 |publisher=UEFA |access-date=1 January 2021}}</ref> ==References== '''International appearances''' *{{cite web |url=https://www.fpf.pt/pt/Jogadores/Jogador/playerId/794648 |title=Jogador: Diogo Jota|trans-title=Player: Diogo Jota |publisher=Portuguese Football Federation |language=pt|access-date=11 June 2018}} '''General''' {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commonscat}} *[http://www.ligaportugal.pt/oou/clube/20142015/primeiraliga/153/jogador/70131 Portuguese League profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315085035/http://www.ligaportugal.pt/oou/clube/20142015/primeiraliga/153/jogador/70131 |date=2016-03-15 }} {{in lang|pt}} *{{Sports links}} {{Portugal squad UEFA Euro 2020}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jota, Diogo}} [[Category:1996 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Portuguese footballers]] [[Category:Association football midfielders]] [[Category:Liverpool F.C. players]] [[Category:Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players]] [[Category:Premier League players]] [[Category:Portugal at UEFA Euro 2020]] hmhe11z0gzfxxgt1kj6mgoofhze1mia 10369261 10369227 2025-07-03T09:10:12Z Filmwijker 1019584 10369261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Portuguese footballer (1996–2025)}}{{Portuguese name|Teixeira|da Silva}} {{Infobox football biography | name = Diogo Jota | image = Diogo Jota 2021 (cropped).jpg | caption = Jota playing for [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] in 2021 | full_name = Diogo José Teixeira da Silva<ref name="Soccerway"/> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1996|12|4|df=y}}<ref name="PremProfile">{{cite web |url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/19758/Diogo-Jota/overview |title=Diogo Jota: Overview |publisher=Premier League |access-date=3 March 2024}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Porto]], Portugal | height = 1.78 m<ref name="PremProfile"/> | position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]], [[Winger (association football)|left winger]] | currentclub = [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] | clubnumber = 20 | youthyears1 = 2005–2013 | youthclubs1 = [[Gondomar S.C.|Gondomar]] | youthyears2 = 2013–2015 | youthclubs2 = [[F.C. Paços de Ferreira|Paços de Ferreira]] | years1 = 2014–2016 | clubs1 = [[F.C. Paços de Ferreira|Paços de Ferreira]] | caps1 = 41 | goals1 = 14 | years2 = 2016–2018 | clubs2 = [[Atlético Madrid]] | caps2 = 0 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2016–2017 | clubs3 = → [[FC Porto|Porto]] (loan) | caps3 = 27 | goals3 = 8 | years4 = 2017–2018 | clubs4 = → [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] (loan) | caps4 = 44 | goals4 = 17 | years5 = 2018–2020 | clubs5 = [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] | caps5 = 67 | goals5 = 16 | years6 = 2020– | clubs6 = [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] | caps6 = 97<!--League only--> | goals6 = 41 | nationalyears1 = 2014–2015 | nationalteam1 = [[Portugal national under-19 football team|Portugal U19]] | nationalcaps1 = 9 | nationalgoals1 = 5 | nationalyears2 = 2015–2018 | nationalteam2 = [[Portugal national under-21 football team|Portugal U21]] | nationalcaps2 = 20 | nationalgoals2 = 8 | nationalyears3 = 2016 | nationalteam3 = [[Portugal Olympic football team|Portugal U23]] | nationalcaps3 = 1 | nationalgoals3 = 1 | nationalyears4 = 2019–2025 | nationalteam4 = [[Portugal national football team|Portugal]] | nationalcaps4 = 36 | nationalgoals4 = 12 | club-update = 19:07, 21 April 2024 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 23:30, 16 November 2023 (UTC) | medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}} {{MedalCountry|{{fb|POR}}}} {{Medal|Competition|[[UEFA Nations League]]}} {{Medal|Winner|[[2019 UEFA Nations League|2019]]|}} | death_date = {{death date and age|2025|07|3|1996|12|4|df=y}} | death_place = [[Zamora, Spain]] }} '''Diogo José Teixeira da Silva''' (4 December 1996 – 3 July 2025), commonly known as '''Diogo Jota''', was a [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[Association Football|footballer]]. He played as a [[Midfielder|winger]] for [[English Premier League|Premier League]] team [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]. ==Career statistics== ===Club=== {{updated|match played 21 April 2024}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |- !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|National cup{{efn|Includes [[Taça de Portugal]], [[FA Cup]]}} !colspan="2"|League cup{{efn|Includes [[Taça da Liga]], [[EFL Cup]]}} !colspan="2"|Europe !colspan="2"|Other !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="3"|[[F.C. Paços de Ferreira|Paços de Ferreira]] |[[2014–15 Primeira Liga|2014–15]]<ref name="Soccerway"/> |[[Primeira Liga]] |10||2||1||1||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||11||3 |- |[[2015–16 Primeira Liga|2015–16]]<ref name="Soccerway"/> |Primeira Liga |31||12||1|||0||2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||34||12 |- !colspan="2"|Total !41||14||2||1||2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||45||15 |- |[[Atlético Madrid]] |[[2016–17 Atlético Madrid season|2016–17]]<ref name="Soccerway"/> |[[La Liga]] |0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||0||0 |- |[[FC Porto|Porto]] (loan) |[[2016–17 FC Porto season|2016–17]]<ref name="Soccerway">{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/diogo-jose-teixeira-da-silva/374031/ |title=Diogo Jota: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=22 April 2023}}</ref> |Primeira Liga |27||8||1||0||1||0||8{{efn|name=UCL|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}}||1||colspan="2"|—||37||9 |- |[[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] (loan) |[[2017–18 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2017–18]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2017|access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |[[EFL Championship|Championship]] |44||17||1||1||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||46||18 |- |rowspan="3"|Wolverhampton Wanderers |[[2018–19 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2018–19]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2018|access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |[[Premier League]] |33||9||3||1||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||37||10 |- |[[2019–20 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2019–20]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2019|access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |Premier League |34||7||0||0||0||0||14{{efn|name=UEL|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa League]]}}||9||colspan="2"|—||48||16 |- !colspan="2"|Total !111!!33!!4!!2!!2!!0!!14!!9!!colspan="2"|—!!131!!44 |- |rowspan="5"|[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] |[[2020–21 Liverpool F.C. season|2020–21]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2020|access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |Premier League |19||9||0||0||2||0||9{{efn|name=UCL}}||4||colspan="2"|—||30||13 |- |[[2021–22 Liverpool F.C. season|2021–22]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2021|access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |Premier League |35||15||5||2||4||3||11{{efn|name=UCL}}||1||colspan="2"|—||55||21 |- |[[2022–23 Liverpool F.C. season|2022–23]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2022|access-date=14 April 2024}}</ref> |Premier League |22||7||0||0||0||0||6{{efn|name=UCL}}||0||0||0||28||7 |- |[[2023–24 Liverpool F.C. season|2023–24]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2023|access-date=14 April 2024}}</ref> |Premier League |21||10||2||1||4||1||5{{efn|name=UEL}}||3|| colspan="2" |—||32||15 |- !colspan="2"|Total !97||41||7||3||10||4||31||8||0||0||145||56 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !276||96||14||6||15||4||53||18||0||0||358||124 |} {{notelist}} ===International=== {{updated|match played 16 November 2023}}<ref name="wfnat">{{cite web |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/diogo-jota/4/ |title=Diogo Jota: Internationals |website=worldfootball.net |publisher=HEIM:SPIEL |access-date=14 April 2024}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+ Appearances and goals by national team and year |- !National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="5"|[[Portugal national football team|Portugal]] |2019||2||0 |- |2020||8||3 |- |2021||12||5 |- |2022||7||2 |- |2023||7||2 |- !colspan="2"|Total||36||12 |} {{updated|match played 16 November 2023}} :''Scores and results list Portugal's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Jota goal''<ref name="wfnat"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ List of international goals scored by Diogo Jota |- !scope="col"|No. !scope="col"|Date !scope="col"|Venue !scope="col"|Cap !scope="col"|Opponent !scope="col"|Score !scope="col"|Result !scope="col"|Competition !scope="col" class="unsortable"|{{abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- |style="text-align: center;"|1||5 September 2020||[[Estádio do Dragão]], Porto, Portugal||style="text-align: center;"|3||{{fb|CRO}}||style="text-align: center;"|2–0||style="text-align: center;"|4–1||[[2020–21 UEFA Nations League A]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2020/09/05/europe/uefa-nations-league/portugal/croatia/3243363/ |title=Portugal vs. Croatia 4–1: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|2||rowspan="2"|14 October 2020||rowspan="2"|[[Estádio José Alvalade]], Lisbon, Portugal||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|7||rowspan="2"|{{fb|SWE}}||style="text-align: center;"|2–0||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|3–0||rowspan="2"|[[2020–21 UEFA Nations League A]]||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2020/10/14/europe/uefa-nations-league/portugal/sweden/3243370/ |title=Portugal vs. Sweden 3–0: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|3||style="text-align: center;"|3–0 |- |style="text-align: center;"|4||rowspan="2"|27 March 2021||rowspan="2"|[[Red Star Stadium]], Belgrade, Serbia||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|11||rowspan="2"|{{fb|SRB}}||style="text-align: center;"|1–0||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|2–2||rowspan="2"|[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]]||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2021/03/27/europe/wc-qualifying-europe/serbia/portugal/3429998/ |title=Serbia vs. Portugal 2–2: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|5||style="text-align: center;"|2–0 |- |style="text-align: center;"|6||30 March 2021||[[Stade Josy Barthel]], Luxembourg City, Luxembourg||style="text-align: center;"|12||{{fb|LUX}}||style="text-align: center;"|1–1||style="text-align: center;"|3–1||[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2021/03/30/europe/wc-qualifying-europe/luxembourg/portugal/3430001/ |title=Luxembourg vs. Portugal 1–3: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|7||19 June 2021||[[Allianz Arena]], Munich, Germany||style="text-align: center;"|16||{{fb|GER}}||style="text-align: center;"|2–4||style="text-align: center;"|2–4||[[UEFA Euro 2020]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2021/06/19/europe/european-championships/portugal/germany/3188309/ |title=Portugal vs. Germany 2–4: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|8||7 September 2021||[[Baku Olympic Stadium]], Baku, Azerbaijan||style="text-align: center;"|21||{{fb|AZE}}||style="text-align: center;"|3–0||style="text-align: center;"|3–0||[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2021/09/07/europe/wc-qualifying-europe/azerbaijan/portugal/3430006/ |title=Azerbaijan vs. Portugal 0–3: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|9||24 March 2022||[[Estádio do Dragão]], Porto, Portugal||style="text-align: center;"|23||{{fb|TUR}}||style="text-align: center;"|2–0||style="text-align: center;"|3–1||[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2022/03/24/europe/wc-qualifying-europe/portugal/turkey/3702973/ |title=Portugal vs. Turkey 3–1: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|10||24 September 2022||[[Fortuna Arena]], Prague, Czech Republic||style="text-align: center;"|28||{{fb|CZE}}||style="text-align: center;"|4–0||style="text-align: center;"|4–0||[[2022–23 UEFA Nations League A]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2022/09/24/europe/uefa-nations-league/czech-republic/portugal/3710391/ |title=Czech Republic vs. Portugal 0–4: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|11||rowspan="2"|11 September 2023||rowspan="2"|[[Estádio Algarve]], Algarve, Portugal||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|33||rowspan="2"|{{fb|LUX}}||style="text-align: center;"|5–0||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|9–0||rowspan="2"|[[UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying]]||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2023/09/11/europe/european-championship-qualification/portugal/luxembourg/3972854/ |title=Portugal vs. Luxembourg 9–0: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=11 September 2023}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|12||style="text-align: center;"|7–0 |} ==Honours== '''Wolverhampton Wanderers''' *[[EFL Championship]]: [[2017–18 EFL Championship|2017–18]]<ref>{{cite book|editor-first=John|editor-last=Anderson |title=Football Yearbook 2018–2019 |url=https://archive.org/details/footballyearbook0000head_z6e6|year=2018 |publisher=Headline Publishing Group |location=London |isbn=978-1-4722-6106-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/footballyearbook0000head_z6e6/page/386 386]–387}}</ref> '''Liverpool''' *[[FA Cup]]: [[2021–22 FA Cup|2021–22]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61429640 |title=Chelsea 0–0 Liverpool |first=Phil |last=McNulty |website=BBC Sport |date=14 May 2022 |access-date=14 May 2022}}</ref> *[[EFL Cup]]: [[2021–22 EFL Cup|2021–22]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/60450274 |title=Chelsea 0–0 Liverpool |first=Phil |last=McNulty |website=BBC Sport |date=27 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022}}</ref><!--- Jota was not in the matchday squad for the 2024 EFL Cup final - please do not add the 2023/24 EFL Cup without an independent reliable source which states that he received a medal --> *[[UEFA Champions League]] runner-up: [[2021–22 UEFA Champions League|2021–22]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61609200 |title=Liverpool 0–1 Real Madrid |first=Phil |last=McNulty |website=BBC Sport |date=28 May 2022 |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> '''Portugal''' *[[UEFA Nations League]]: [[2018–19 UEFA Nations League|2018–19]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://desporto.sapo.pt/futebol/liga-das-nacoes/artigos/portugal-regressa-ao-topo-da-europa-liga-das-nacoes-fica-em-casa |title=Portugal regressa ao topo da Europa. Liga das Nações fica em casa|trans-title=Portugal returns to the top of Europe. Nations League stays home |publisher=SAPO |date=9 June 2019 |access-date=10 June 2019}}</ref> '''Individual''' *[[Premier League Player of the Month]]: [[2023–24 Premier League#Monthly awards|January 2024]]<ref name="PremProfile"/> *[[SJPF Young Player of the Month]]: October/November 2015<ref name="Oct&Nov">{{cite web |url=http://sjpf.pt/index.php?pt=news&op=OP_SHOW_DETAIL&id=7467|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414220444/http://sjpf.pt/index.php?pt=news&op=OP_SHOW_DETAIL&id=7467|archive-date=14 April 2016 |title=SJPF entrega prémio a Diogo Jota |language=pt|trans-title=SJPF gives award to Diogo Jota |date=12 January 2016 |publisher=SJPF |access-date=20 March 2016}}</ref> *Primeira Liga Goal of the Month: [[2015–16 Primeira Liga#Goal of the month|February 2016]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.abola.pt/nnh/ver.aspx?id=602705 |title=Jonas eleito o melhor jogador de fevereiro |language=pt|trans-title=Jonas voted the best player of February |date=16 March 2016 |newspaper=A Bola |access-date=20 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320075400/http://www.abola.pt/nnh/ver.aspx?id=602705 |archive-date=20 March 2016}}</ref> *UEFA Champions League Breakthrough XI: 2020<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2020 |title=Champions League breakthrough team of 2020 |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0264-1136a160137c-1457a37d80c8-1000--champions-league-breakthrough-team-of-2020 |publisher=UEFA |access-date=1 January 2021}}</ref> ==References== '''International appearances''' *{{cite web |url=https://www.fpf.pt/pt/Jogadores/Jogador/playerId/794648 |title=Jogador: Diogo Jota|trans-title=Player: Diogo Jota |publisher=Portuguese Football Federation |language=pt|access-date=11 June 2018}} '''General''' {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commonscat}} *[http://www.ligaportugal.pt/oou/clube/20142015/primeiraliga/153/jogador/70131 Portuguese League profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315085035/http://www.ligaportugal.pt/oou/clube/20142015/primeiraliga/153/jogador/70131 |date=2016-03-15 }} {{in lang|pt}} *{{Sports links}} {{Portugal squad UEFA Euro 2020}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jota, Diogo}} [[Category:1996 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Portuguese footballers]] [[Category:Association football midfielders]] [[Category:Liverpool F.C. players]] [[Category:Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players]] [[Category:Premier League players]] [[Category:Portugal at UEFA Euro 2020]] gwepkimgwtnal8vwcqmn1ry37lp2vat 10369288 10369261 2025-07-03T09:27:40Z 80.94.199.41 date of birth 10369288 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Portuguese footballer (1996–2025)}}{{Portuguese name|Teixeira|da Silva}} {{Infobox football biography | name = Diogo Jota | image = Diogo Jota 2021 (cropped).jpg | caption = Jota playing for [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] in 2021 | full_name = Diogo José Teixeira da Silva<ref name="Soccerway"/> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1996|12|4|df=y}}<ref name="PremProfile">{{cite web |url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/19758/Diogo-Jota/overview |title=Diogo Jota: Overview |publisher=Premier League |access-date=3 March 2024}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Porto]], Portugal | height = 1.78 m<ref name="PremProfile"/> | position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]], [[Winger (association football)|left winger]] | currentclub = [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] | clubnumber = 20 | youthyears1 = 2005–2013 | youthclubs1 = [[Gondomar S.C.|Gondomar]] | youthyears2 = 2013–2015 | youthclubs2 = [[F.C. Paços de Ferreira|Paços de Ferreira]] | years1 = 2014–2016 | clubs1 = [[F.C. Paços de Ferreira|Paços de Ferreira]] | caps1 = 41 | goals1 = 14 | years2 = 2016–2018 | clubs2 = [[Atlético Madrid]] | caps2 = 0 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2016–2017 | clubs3 = → [[FC Porto|Porto]] (loan) | caps3 = 27 | goals3 = 8 | years4 = 2017–2018 | clubs4 = → [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] (loan) | caps4 = 44 | goals4 = 17 | years5 = 2018–2020 | clubs5 = [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] | caps5 = 67 | goals5 = 16 | years6 = 2020– | clubs6 = [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] | caps6 = 97<!--League only--> | goals6 = 41 | nationalyears1 = 2014–2015 | nationalteam1 = [[Portugal national under-19 football team|Portugal U19]] | nationalcaps1 = 9 | nationalgoals1 = 5 | nationalyears2 = 2015–2018 | nationalteam2 = [[Portugal national under-21 football team|Portugal U21]] | nationalcaps2 = 20 | nationalgoals2 = 8 | nationalyears3 = 2016 | nationalteam3 = [[Portugal Olympic football team|Portugal U23]] | nationalcaps3 = 1 | nationalgoals3 = 1 | nationalyears4 = 2019–2025 | nationalteam4 = [[Portugal national football team|Portugal]] | nationalcaps4 = 36 | nationalgoals4 = 12 | club-update = 19:07, 21 April 2024 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 23:30, 16 November 2023 (UTC) | medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}} {{MedalCountry|{{fb|POR}}}} {{Medal|Competition|[[UEFA Nations League]]}} {{Medal|Winner|[[2019 UEFA Nations League|2019]]|}} | death_date = {{death date and age|2025|07|3|1996|12|4|df=y}} | death_place = [[Zamora, Spain]] }} '''Diogo José Teixeira da Silva''' (4 December 1966 – 3 July 2025), commonly known as '''Diogo Jota''', was a [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[Association Football|footballer]]. He played as a [[Midfielder|winger]] for [[English Premier League|Premier League]] team [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]. ==Career statistics== ===Club=== {{updated|match played 21 April 2024}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |- !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|National cup{{efn|Includes [[Taça de Portugal]], [[FA Cup]]}} !colspan="2"|League cup{{efn|Includes [[Taça da Liga]], [[EFL Cup]]}} !colspan="2"|Europe !colspan="2"|Other !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="3"|[[F.C. Paços de Ferreira|Paços de Ferreira]] |[[2014–15 Primeira Liga|2014–15]]<ref name="Soccerway"/> |[[Primeira Liga]] |10||2||1||1||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||11||3 |- |[[2015–16 Primeira Liga|2015–16]]<ref name="Soccerway"/> |Primeira Liga |31||12||1|||0||2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||34||12 |- !colspan="2"|Total !41||14||2||1||2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||45||15 |- |[[Atlético Madrid]] |[[2016–17 Atlético Madrid season|2016–17]]<ref name="Soccerway"/> |[[La Liga]] |0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||0||0 |- |[[FC Porto|Porto]] (loan) |[[2016–17 FC Porto season|2016–17]]<ref name="Soccerway">{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/diogo-jose-teixeira-da-silva/374031/ |title=Diogo Jota: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=22 April 2023}}</ref> |Primeira Liga |27||8||1||0||1||0||8{{efn|name=UCL|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}}||1||colspan="2"|—||37||9 |- |[[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] (loan) |[[2017–18 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2017–18]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2017|access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |[[EFL Championship|Championship]] |44||17||1||1||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||46||18 |- |rowspan="3"|Wolverhampton Wanderers |[[2018–19 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2018–19]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2018|access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |[[Premier League]] |33||9||3||1||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||37||10 |- |[[2019–20 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2019–20]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2019|access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |Premier League |34||7||0||0||0||0||14{{efn|name=UEL|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa League]]}}||9||colspan="2"|—||48||16 |- !colspan="2"|Total !111!!33!!4!!2!!2!!0!!14!!9!!colspan="2"|—!!131!!44 |- |rowspan="5"|[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] |[[2020–21 Liverpool F.C. season|2020–21]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2020|access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |Premier League |19||9||0||0||2||0||9{{efn|name=UCL}}||4||colspan="2"|—||30||13 |- |[[2021–22 Liverpool F.C. season|2021–22]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2021|access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |Premier League |35||15||5||2||4||3||11{{efn|name=UCL}}||1||colspan="2"|—||55||21 |- |[[2022–23 Liverpool F.C. season|2022–23]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2022|access-date=14 April 2024}}</ref> |Premier League |22||7||0||0||0||0||6{{efn|name=UCL}}||0||0||0||28||7 |- |[[2023–24 Liverpool F.C. season|2023–24]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2023|access-date=14 April 2024}}</ref> |Premier League |21||10||2||1||4||1||5{{efn|name=UEL}}||3|| colspan="2" |—||32||15 |- !colspan="2"|Total !97||41||7||3||10||4||31||8||0||0||145||56 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !276||96||14||6||15||4||53||18||0||0||358||124 |} {{notelist}} ===International=== {{updated|match played 16 November 2023}}<ref name="wfnat">{{cite web |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/diogo-jota/4/ |title=Diogo Jota: Internationals |website=worldfootball.net |publisher=HEIM:SPIEL |access-date=14 April 2024}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+ Appearances and goals by national team and year |- !National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="5"|[[Portugal national football team|Portugal]] |2019||2||0 |- |2020||8||3 |- |2021||12||5 |- |2022||7||2 |- |2023||7||2 |- !colspan="2"|Total||36||12 |} {{updated|match played 16 November 2023}} :''Scores and results list Portugal's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Jota goal''<ref name="wfnat"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ List of international goals scored by Diogo Jota |- !scope="col"|No. !scope="col"|Date !scope="col"|Venue !scope="col"|Cap !scope="col"|Opponent !scope="col"|Score !scope="col"|Result !scope="col"|Competition !scope="col" class="unsortable"|{{abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- |style="text-align: center;"|1||5 September 2020||[[Estádio do Dragão]], Porto, Portugal||style="text-align: center;"|3||{{fb|CRO}}||style="text-align: center;"|2–0||style="text-align: center;"|4–1||[[2020–21 UEFA Nations League A]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2020/09/05/europe/uefa-nations-league/portugal/croatia/3243363/ |title=Portugal vs. Croatia 4–1: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|2||rowspan="2"|14 October 2020||rowspan="2"|[[Estádio José Alvalade]], Lisbon, Portugal||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|7||rowspan="2"|{{fb|SWE}}||style="text-align: center;"|2–0||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|3–0||rowspan="2"|[[2020–21 UEFA Nations League A]]||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2020/10/14/europe/uefa-nations-league/portugal/sweden/3243370/ |title=Portugal vs. Sweden 3–0: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|3||style="text-align: center;"|3–0 |- |style="text-align: center;"|4||rowspan="2"|27 March 2021||rowspan="2"|[[Red Star Stadium]], Belgrade, Serbia||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|11||rowspan="2"|{{fb|SRB}}||style="text-align: center;"|1–0||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|2–2||rowspan="2"|[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]]||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2021/03/27/europe/wc-qualifying-europe/serbia/portugal/3429998/ |title=Serbia vs. Portugal 2–2: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|5||style="text-align: center;"|2–0 |- |style="text-align: center;"|6||30 March 2021||[[Stade Josy Barthel]], Luxembourg City, Luxembourg||style="text-align: center;"|12||{{fb|LUX}}||style="text-align: center;"|1–1||style="text-align: center;"|3–1||[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2021/03/30/europe/wc-qualifying-europe/luxembourg/portugal/3430001/ |title=Luxembourg vs. Portugal 1–3: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|7||19 June 2021||[[Allianz Arena]], Munich, Germany||style="text-align: center;"|16||{{fb|GER}}||style="text-align: center;"|2–4||style="text-align: center;"|2–4||[[UEFA Euro 2020]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2021/06/19/europe/european-championships/portugal/germany/3188309/ |title=Portugal vs. Germany 2–4: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|8||7 September 2021||[[Baku Olympic Stadium]], Baku, Azerbaijan||style="text-align: center;"|21||{{fb|AZE}}||style="text-align: center;"|3–0||style="text-align: center;"|3–0||[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2021/09/07/europe/wc-qualifying-europe/azerbaijan/portugal/3430006/ |title=Azerbaijan vs. Portugal 0–3: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|9||24 March 2022||[[Estádio do Dragão]], Porto, Portugal||style="text-align: center;"|23||{{fb|TUR}}||style="text-align: center;"|2–0||style="text-align: center;"|3–1||[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2022/03/24/europe/wc-qualifying-europe/portugal/turkey/3702973/ |title=Portugal vs. Turkey 3–1: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|10||24 September 2022||[[Fortuna Arena]], Prague, Czech Republic||style="text-align: center;"|28||{{fb|CZE}}||style="text-align: center;"|4–0||style="text-align: center;"|4–0||[[2022–23 UEFA Nations League A]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2022/09/24/europe/uefa-nations-league/czech-republic/portugal/3710391/ |title=Czech Republic vs. Portugal 0–4: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|11||rowspan="2"|11 September 2023||rowspan="2"|[[Estádio Algarve]], Algarve, Portugal||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|33||rowspan="2"|{{fb|LUX}}||style="text-align: center;"|5–0||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|9–0||rowspan="2"|[[UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying]]||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2023/09/11/europe/european-championship-qualification/portugal/luxembourg/3972854/ |title=Portugal vs. Luxembourg 9–0: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=11 September 2023}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|12||style="text-align: center;"|7–0 |} ==Honours== '''Wolverhampton Wanderers''' *[[EFL Championship]]: [[2017–18 EFL Championship|2017–18]]<ref>{{cite book|editor-first=John|editor-last=Anderson |title=Football Yearbook 2018–2019 |url=https://archive.org/details/footballyearbook0000head_z6e6|year=2018 |publisher=Headline Publishing Group |location=London |isbn=978-1-4722-6106-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/footballyearbook0000head_z6e6/page/386 386]–387}}</ref> '''Liverpool''' *[[FA Cup]]: [[2021–22 FA Cup|2021–22]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61429640 |title=Chelsea 0–0 Liverpool |first=Phil |last=McNulty |website=BBC Sport |date=14 May 2022 |access-date=14 May 2022}}</ref> *[[EFL Cup]]: [[2021–22 EFL Cup|2021–22]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/60450274 |title=Chelsea 0–0 Liverpool |first=Phil |last=McNulty |website=BBC Sport |date=27 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022}}</ref><!--- Jota was not in the matchday squad for the 2024 EFL Cup final - please do not add the 2023/24 EFL Cup without an independent reliable source which states that he received a medal --> *[[UEFA Champions League]] runner-up: [[2021–22 UEFA Champions League|2021–22]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61609200 |title=Liverpool 0–1 Real Madrid |first=Phil |last=McNulty |website=BBC Sport |date=28 May 2022 |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> '''Portugal''' *[[UEFA Nations League]]: [[2018–19 UEFA Nations League|2018–19]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://desporto.sapo.pt/futebol/liga-das-nacoes/artigos/portugal-regressa-ao-topo-da-europa-liga-das-nacoes-fica-em-casa |title=Portugal regressa ao topo da Europa. Liga das Nações fica em casa|trans-title=Portugal returns to the top of Europe. Nations League stays home |publisher=SAPO |date=9 June 2019 |access-date=10 June 2019}}</ref> '''Individual''' *[[Premier League Player of the Month]]: [[2023–24 Premier League#Monthly awards|January 2024]]<ref name="PremProfile"/> *[[SJPF Young Player of the Month]]: October/November 2015<ref name="Oct&Nov">{{cite web |url=http://sjpf.pt/index.php?pt=news&op=OP_SHOW_DETAIL&id=7467|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414220444/http://sjpf.pt/index.php?pt=news&op=OP_SHOW_DETAIL&id=7467|archive-date=14 April 2016 |title=SJPF entrega prémio a Diogo Jota |language=pt|trans-title=SJPF gives award to Diogo Jota |date=12 January 2016 |publisher=SJPF |access-date=20 March 2016}}</ref> *Primeira Liga Goal of the Month: [[2015–16 Primeira Liga#Goal of the month|February 2016]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.abola.pt/nnh/ver.aspx?id=602705 |title=Jonas eleito o melhor jogador de fevereiro |language=pt|trans-title=Jonas voted the best player of February |date=16 March 2016 |newspaper=A Bola |access-date=20 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320075400/http://www.abola.pt/nnh/ver.aspx?id=602705 |archive-date=20 March 2016}}</ref> *UEFA Champions League Breakthrough XI: 2020<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2020 |title=Champions League breakthrough team of 2020 |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0264-1136a160137c-1457a37d80c8-1000--champions-league-breakthrough-team-of-2020 |publisher=UEFA |access-date=1 January 2021}}</ref> ==References== '''International appearances''' *{{cite web |url=https://www.fpf.pt/pt/Jogadores/Jogador/playerId/794648 |title=Jogador: Diogo Jota|trans-title=Player: Diogo Jota |publisher=Portuguese Football Federation |language=pt|access-date=11 June 2018}} '''General''' {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commonscat}} *[http://www.ligaportugal.pt/oou/clube/20142015/primeiraliga/153/jogador/70131 Portuguese League profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315085035/http://www.ligaportugal.pt/oou/clube/20142015/primeiraliga/153/jogador/70131 |date=2016-03-15 }} {{in lang|pt}} *{{Sports links}} {{Portugal squad UEFA Euro 2020}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jota, Diogo}} [[Category:1996 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Portuguese footballers]] [[Category:Association football midfielders]] [[Category:Liverpool F.C. players]] [[Category:Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players]] [[Category:Premier League players]] [[Category:Portugal at UEFA Euro 2020]] nwo9ypikpvhqra7czmc4nlk5lqe69ey 10369289 10369288 2025-07-03T09:28:24Z 80.94.199.41 rip 10369289 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Portuguese footballer (1996–2025)}}{{Portuguese name|Teixeira|da Silva}} {{Infobox football biography | name = Diogo Jota | image = Diogo Jota 2021 (cropped).jpg | caption = Jota playing for [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] in 2021 | full_name = Diogo José Teixeira da Silva<ref name="Soccerway"/> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1996|12|4|df=y}}<ref name="PremProfile">{{cite web |url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/19758/Diogo-Jota/overview |title=Diogo Jota: Overview |publisher=Premier League |access-date=3 March 2024}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Porto]], Portugal | height = 1.78 m<ref name="PremProfile"/> | position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]], [[Winger (association football)|left winger]] | currentclub = [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] | clubnumber = 20 | youthyears1 = 2005–2013 | youthclubs1 = [[Gondomar S.C.|Gondomar]] | youthyears2 = 2013–2015 | youthclubs2 = [[F.C. Paços de Ferreira|Paços de Ferreira]] | years1 = 2014–2016 | clubs1 = [[F.C. Paços de Ferreira|Paços de Ferreira]] | caps1 = 41 | goals1 = 14 | years2 = 2016–2018 | clubs2 = [[Atlético Madrid]] | caps2 = 0 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2016–2017 | clubs3 = → [[FC Porto|Porto]] (loan) | caps3 = 27 | goals3 = 8 | years4 = 2017–2018 | clubs4 = → [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] (loan) | caps4 = 44 | goals4 = 17 | years5 = 2018–2020 | clubs5 = [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] | caps5 = 67 | goals5 = 16 | years6 = 2020– | clubs6 = [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] | caps6 = 97<!--League only--> | goals6 = 41 | nationalyears1 = 2014–2015 | nationalteam1 = [[Portugal national under-19 football team|Portugal U19]] | nationalcaps1 = 9 | nationalgoals1 = 5 | nationalyears2 = 2015–2018 | nationalteam2 = [[Portugal national under-21 football team|Portugal U21]] | nationalcaps2 = 20 | nationalgoals2 = 8 | nationalyears3 = 2016 | nationalteam3 = [[Portugal Olympic football team|Portugal U23]] | nationalcaps3 = 1 | nationalgoals3 = 1 | nationalyears4 = 2019–2025 | nationalteam4 = [[Portugal national football team|Portugal]] | nationalcaps4 = 36 | nationalgoals4 = 12 | club-update = 19:07, 21 April 2024 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 23:30, 16 November 2023 (UTC) | medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}} {{MedalCountry|{{fb|POR}}}} {{Medal|Competition|[[UEFA Nations League]]}} {{Medal|Winner|[[2019 UEFA Nations League|2019]]|}} | death_date = {{death date and age|2025|07|3|1996|12|4|df=y}} | death_place = [[Zamora, Spain]] }} '''Diogo José Teixeira da Silva''' (4 December 1966 – 3 July 2025), commonly known as '''Diogo Jota''', was a [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[Association Football|footballer]]. He played as a [[Midfielder|winger]] for [[English Premier League|Premier League]] team [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]. rest in peace diogo fly high ==Career statistics== ===Club=== {{updated|match played 21 April 2024}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |- !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|National cup{{efn|Includes [[Taça de Portugal]], [[FA Cup]]}} !colspan="2"|League cup{{efn|Includes [[Taça da Liga]], [[EFL Cup]]}} !colspan="2"|Europe !colspan="2"|Other !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="3"|[[F.C. Paços de Ferreira|Paços de Ferreira]] |[[2014–15 Primeira Liga|2014–15]]<ref name="Soccerway"/> |[[Primeira Liga]] |10||2||1||1||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||11||3 |- |[[2015–16 Primeira Liga|2015–16]]<ref name="Soccerway"/> |Primeira Liga |31||12||1|||0||2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||34||12 |- !colspan="2"|Total !41||14||2||1||2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||45||15 |- |[[Atlético Madrid]] |[[2016–17 Atlético Madrid season|2016–17]]<ref name="Soccerway"/> |[[La Liga]] |0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||0||0 |- |[[FC Porto|Porto]] (loan) |[[2016–17 FC Porto season|2016–17]]<ref name="Soccerway">{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/diogo-jose-teixeira-da-silva/374031/ |title=Diogo Jota: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=22 April 2023}}</ref> |Primeira Liga |27||8||1||0||1||0||8{{efn|name=UCL|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}}||1||colspan="2"|—||37||9 |- |[[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] (loan) |[[2017–18 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2017–18]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2017|access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |[[EFL Championship|Championship]] |44||17||1||1||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||46||18 |- |rowspan="3"|Wolverhampton Wanderers |[[2018–19 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2018–19]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2018|access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |[[Premier League]] |33||9||3||1||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||37||10 |- |[[2019–20 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2019–20]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2019|access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |Premier League |34||7||0||0||0||0||14{{efn|name=UEL|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa League]]}}||9||colspan="2"|—||48||16 |- !colspan="2"|Total !111!!33!!4!!2!!2!!0!!14!!9!!colspan="2"|—!!131!!44 |- |rowspan="5"|[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] |[[2020–21 Liverpool F.C. season|2020–21]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2020|access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |Premier League |19||9||0||0||2||0||9{{efn|name=UCL}}||4||colspan="2"|—||30||13 |- |[[2021–22 Liverpool F.C. season|2021–22]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2021|access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |Premier League |35||15||5||2||4||3||11{{efn|name=UCL}}||1||colspan="2"|—||55||21 |- |[[2022–23 Liverpool F.C. season|2022–23]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2022|access-date=14 April 2024}}</ref> |Premier League |22||7||0||0||0||0||6{{efn|name=UCL}}||0||0||0||28||7 |- |[[2023–24 Liverpool F.C. season|2023–24]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2023|access-date=14 April 2024}}</ref> |Premier League |21||10||2||1||4||1||5{{efn|name=UEL}}||3|| colspan="2" |—||32||15 |- !colspan="2"|Total !97||41||7||3||10||4||31||8||0||0||145||56 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !276||96||14||6||15||4||53||18||0||0||358||124 |} {{notelist}} ===International=== {{updated|match played 16 November 2023}}<ref name="wfnat">{{cite web |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/diogo-jota/4/ |title=Diogo Jota: Internationals |website=worldfootball.net |publisher=HEIM:SPIEL |access-date=14 April 2024}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+ Appearances and goals by national team and year |- !National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="5"|[[Portugal national football team|Portugal]] |2019||2||0 |- |2020||8||3 |- |2021||12||5 |- |2022||7||2 |- |2023||7||2 |- !colspan="2"|Total||36||12 |} {{updated|match played 16 November 2023}} :''Scores and results list Portugal's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Jota goal''<ref name="wfnat"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ List of international goals scored by Diogo Jota |- !scope="col"|No. !scope="col"|Date !scope="col"|Venue !scope="col"|Cap !scope="col"|Opponent !scope="col"|Score !scope="col"|Result !scope="col"|Competition !scope="col" class="unsortable"|{{abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- |style="text-align: center;"|1||5 September 2020||[[Estádio do Dragão]], Porto, Portugal||style="text-align: center;"|3||{{fb|CRO}}||style="text-align: center;"|2–0||style="text-align: center;"|4–1||[[2020–21 UEFA Nations League A]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2020/09/05/europe/uefa-nations-league/portugal/croatia/3243363/ |title=Portugal vs. Croatia 4–1: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|2||rowspan="2"|14 October 2020||rowspan="2"|[[Estádio José Alvalade]], Lisbon, Portugal||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|7||rowspan="2"|{{fb|SWE}}||style="text-align: center;"|2–0||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|3–0||rowspan="2"|[[2020–21 UEFA Nations League A]]||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2020/10/14/europe/uefa-nations-league/portugal/sweden/3243370/ |title=Portugal vs. Sweden 3–0: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|3||style="text-align: center;"|3–0 |- |style="text-align: center;"|4||rowspan="2"|27 March 2021||rowspan="2"|[[Red Star Stadium]], Belgrade, Serbia||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|11||rowspan="2"|{{fb|SRB}}||style="text-align: center;"|1–0||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|2–2||rowspan="2"|[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]]||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2021/03/27/europe/wc-qualifying-europe/serbia/portugal/3429998/ |title=Serbia vs. Portugal 2–2: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|5||style="text-align: center;"|2–0 |- |style="text-align: center;"|6||30 March 2021||[[Stade Josy Barthel]], Luxembourg City, Luxembourg||style="text-align: center;"|12||{{fb|LUX}}||style="text-align: center;"|1–1||style="text-align: center;"|3–1||[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2021/03/30/europe/wc-qualifying-europe/luxembourg/portugal/3430001/ |title=Luxembourg vs. Portugal 1–3: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|7||19 June 2021||[[Allianz Arena]], Munich, Germany||style="text-align: center;"|16||{{fb|GER}}||style="text-align: center;"|2–4||style="text-align: center;"|2–4||[[UEFA Euro 2020]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2021/06/19/europe/european-championships/portugal/germany/3188309/ |title=Portugal vs. Germany 2–4: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|8||7 September 2021||[[Baku Olympic Stadium]], Baku, Azerbaijan||style="text-align: center;"|21||{{fb|AZE}}||style="text-align: center;"|3–0||style="text-align: center;"|3–0||[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2021/09/07/europe/wc-qualifying-europe/azerbaijan/portugal/3430006/ |title=Azerbaijan vs. Portugal 0–3: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|9||24 March 2022||[[Estádio do Dragão]], Porto, Portugal||style="text-align: center;"|23||{{fb|TUR}}||style="text-align: center;"|2–0||style="text-align: center;"|3–1||[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2022/03/24/europe/wc-qualifying-europe/portugal/turkey/3702973/ |title=Portugal vs. Turkey 3–1: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|10||24 September 2022||[[Fortuna Arena]], Prague, Czech Republic||style="text-align: center;"|28||{{fb|CZE}}||style="text-align: center;"|4–0||style="text-align: center;"|4–0||[[2022–23 UEFA Nations League A]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2022/09/24/europe/uefa-nations-league/czech-republic/portugal/3710391/ |title=Czech Republic vs. Portugal 0–4: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|11||rowspan="2"|11 September 2023||rowspan="2"|[[Estádio Algarve]], Algarve, Portugal||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|33||rowspan="2"|{{fb|LUX}}||style="text-align: center;"|5–0||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|9–0||rowspan="2"|[[UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying]]||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2023/09/11/europe/european-championship-qualification/portugal/luxembourg/3972854/ |title=Portugal vs. Luxembourg 9–0: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=11 September 2023}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|12||style="text-align: center;"|7–0 |} ==Honours== '''Wolverhampton Wanderers''' *[[EFL Championship]]: [[2017–18 EFL Championship|2017–18]]<ref>{{cite book|editor-first=John|editor-last=Anderson |title=Football Yearbook 2018–2019 |url=https://archive.org/details/footballyearbook0000head_z6e6|year=2018 |publisher=Headline Publishing Group |location=London |isbn=978-1-4722-6106-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/footballyearbook0000head_z6e6/page/386 386]–387}}</ref> '''Liverpool''' *[[FA Cup]]: [[2021–22 FA Cup|2021–22]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61429640 |title=Chelsea 0–0 Liverpool |first=Phil |last=McNulty |website=BBC Sport |date=14 May 2022 |access-date=14 May 2022}}</ref> *[[EFL Cup]]: [[2021–22 EFL Cup|2021–22]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/60450274 |title=Chelsea 0–0 Liverpool |first=Phil |last=McNulty |website=BBC Sport |date=27 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022}}</ref><!--- Jota was not in the matchday squad for the 2024 EFL Cup final - please do not add the 2023/24 EFL Cup without an independent reliable source which states that he received a medal --> *[[UEFA Champions League]] runner-up: [[2021–22 UEFA Champions League|2021–22]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61609200 |title=Liverpool 0–1 Real Madrid |first=Phil |last=McNulty |website=BBC Sport |date=28 May 2022 |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> '''Portugal''' *[[UEFA Nations League]]: [[2018–19 UEFA Nations League|2018–19]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://desporto.sapo.pt/futebol/liga-das-nacoes/artigos/portugal-regressa-ao-topo-da-europa-liga-das-nacoes-fica-em-casa |title=Portugal regressa ao topo da Europa. Liga das Nações fica em casa|trans-title=Portugal returns to the top of Europe. Nations League stays home |publisher=SAPO |date=9 June 2019 |access-date=10 June 2019}}</ref> '''Individual''' *[[Premier League Player of the Month]]: [[2023–24 Premier League#Monthly awards|January 2024]]<ref name="PremProfile"/> *[[SJPF Young Player of the Month]]: October/November 2015<ref name="Oct&Nov">{{cite web |url=http://sjpf.pt/index.php?pt=news&op=OP_SHOW_DETAIL&id=7467|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414220444/http://sjpf.pt/index.php?pt=news&op=OP_SHOW_DETAIL&id=7467|archive-date=14 April 2016 |title=SJPF entrega prémio a Diogo Jota |language=pt|trans-title=SJPF gives award to Diogo Jota |date=12 January 2016 |publisher=SJPF |access-date=20 March 2016}}</ref> *Primeira Liga Goal of the Month: [[2015–16 Primeira Liga#Goal of the month|February 2016]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.abola.pt/nnh/ver.aspx?id=602705 |title=Jonas eleito o melhor jogador de fevereiro |language=pt|trans-title=Jonas voted the best player of February |date=16 March 2016 |newspaper=A Bola |access-date=20 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320075400/http://www.abola.pt/nnh/ver.aspx?id=602705 |archive-date=20 March 2016}}</ref> *UEFA Champions League Breakthrough XI: 2020<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2020 |title=Champions League breakthrough team of 2020 |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0264-1136a160137c-1457a37d80c8-1000--champions-league-breakthrough-team-of-2020 |publisher=UEFA |access-date=1 January 2021}}</ref> ==References== '''International appearances''' *{{cite web |url=https://www.fpf.pt/pt/Jogadores/Jogador/playerId/794648 |title=Jogador: Diogo Jota|trans-title=Player: Diogo Jota |publisher=Portuguese Football Federation |language=pt|access-date=11 June 2018}} '''General''' {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commonscat}} *[http://www.ligaportugal.pt/oou/clube/20142015/primeiraliga/153/jogador/70131 Portuguese League profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315085035/http://www.ligaportugal.pt/oou/clube/20142015/primeiraliga/153/jogador/70131 |date=2016-03-15 }} {{in lang|pt}} *{{Sports links}} {{Portugal squad UEFA Euro 2020}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jota, Diogo}} [[Category:1996 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Portuguese footballers]] [[Category:Association football midfielders]] [[Category:Liverpool F.C. players]] [[Category:Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players]] [[Category:Premier League players]] [[Category:Portugal at UEFA Euro 2020]] qa2q9w3dqt8yxicokbtsx4wregwm1cy 10369325 10369289 2025-07-03T09:44:48Z Raayaan9911 1495229 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/80.94.199.41|80.94.199.41]] ([[User talk:80.94.199.41|talk]]) to last version by Filmwijker 10369261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Portuguese footballer (1996–2025)}}{{Portuguese name|Teixeira|da Silva}} {{Infobox football biography | name = Diogo Jota | image = Diogo Jota 2021 (cropped).jpg | caption = Jota playing for [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] in 2021 | full_name = Diogo José Teixeira da Silva<ref name="Soccerway"/> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1996|12|4|df=y}}<ref name="PremProfile">{{cite web |url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/19758/Diogo-Jota/overview |title=Diogo Jota: Overview |publisher=Premier League |access-date=3 March 2024}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Porto]], Portugal | height = 1.78 m<ref name="PremProfile"/> | position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]], [[Winger (association football)|left winger]] | currentclub = [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] | clubnumber = 20 | youthyears1 = 2005–2013 | youthclubs1 = [[Gondomar S.C.|Gondomar]] | youthyears2 = 2013–2015 | youthclubs2 = [[F.C. Paços de Ferreira|Paços de Ferreira]] | years1 = 2014–2016 | clubs1 = [[F.C. Paços de Ferreira|Paços de Ferreira]] | caps1 = 41 | goals1 = 14 | years2 = 2016–2018 | clubs2 = [[Atlético Madrid]] | caps2 = 0 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2016–2017 | clubs3 = → [[FC Porto|Porto]] (loan) | caps3 = 27 | goals3 = 8 | years4 = 2017–2018 | clubs4 = → [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] (loan) | caps4 = 44 | goals4 = 17 | years5 = 2018–2020 | clubs5 = [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] | caps5 = 67 | goals5 = 16 | years6 = 2020– | clubs6 = [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] | caps6 = 97<!--League only--> | goals6 = 41 | nationalyears1 = 2014–2015 | nationalteam1 = [[Portugal national under-19 football team|Portugal U19]] | nationalcaps1 = 9 | nationalgoals1 = 5 | nationalyears2 = 2015–2018 | nationalteam2 = [[Portugal national under-21 football team|Portugal U21]] | nationalcaps2 = 20 | nationalgoals2 = 8 | nationalyears3 = 2016 | nationalteam3 = [[Portugal Olympic football team|Portugal U23]] | nationalcaps3 = 1 | nationalgoals3 = 1 | nationalyears4 = 2019–2025 | nationalteam4 = [[Portugal national football team|Portugal]] | nationalcaps4 = 36 | nationalgoals4 = 12 | club-update = 19:07, 21 April 2024 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 23:30, 16 November 2023 (UTC) | medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}} {{MedalCountry|{{fb|POR}}}} {{Medal|Competition|[[UEFA Nations League]]}} {{Medal|Winner|[[2019 UEFA Nations League|2019]]|}} | death_date = {{death date and age|2025|07|3|1996|12|4|df=y}} | death_place = [[Zamora, Spain]] }} '''Diogo José Teixeira da Silva''' (4 December 1996 – 3 July 2025), commonly known as '''Diogo Jota''', was a [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[Association Football|footballer]]. He played as a [[Midfielder|winger]] for [[English Premier League|Premier League]] team [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]. ==Career statistics== ===Club=== {{updated|match played 21 April 2024}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |- !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|National cup{{efn|Includes [[Taça de Portugal]], [[FA Cup]]}} !colspan="2"|League cup{{efn|Includes [[Taça da Liga]], [[EFL Cup]]}} !colspan="2"|Europe !colspan="2"|Other !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="3"|[[F.C. Paços de Ferreira|Paços de Ferreira]] |[[2014–15 Primeira Liga|2014–15]]<ref name="Soccerway"/> |[[Primeira Liga]] |10||2||1||1||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||11||3 |- |[[2015–16 Primeira Liga|2015–16]]<ref name="Soccerway"/> |Primeira Liga |31||12||1|||0||2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||34||12 |- !colspan="2"|Total !41||14||2||1||2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||45||15 |- |[[Atlético Madrid]] |[[2016–17 Atlético Madrid season|2016–17]]<ref name="Soccerway"/> |[[La Liga]] |0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||0||0 |- |[[FC Porto|Porto]] (loan) |[[2016–17 FC Porto season|2016–17]]<ref name="Soccerway">{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/diogo-jose-teixeira-da-silva/374031/ |title=Diogo Jota: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=22 April 2023}}</ref> |Primeira Liga |27||8||1||0||1||0||8{{efn|name=UCL|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}}||1||colspan="2"|—||37||9 |- |[[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] (loan) |[[2017–18 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2017–18]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2017|access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |[[EFL Championship|Championship]] |44||17||1||1||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||46||18 |- |rowspan="3"|Wolverhampton Wanderers |[[2018–19 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2018–19]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2018|access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |[[Premier League]] |33||9||3||1||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||37||10 |- |[[2019–20 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season|2019–20]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2019|access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |Premier League |34||7||0||0||0||0||14{{efn|name=UEL|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa League]]}}||9||colspan="2"|—||48||16 |- !colspan="2"|Total !111!!33!!4!!2!!2!!0!!14!!9!!colspan="2"|—!!131!!44 |- |rowspan="5"|[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] |[[2020–21 Liverpool F.C. season|2020–21]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2020|access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |Premier League |19||9||0||0||2||0||9{{efn|name=UCL}}||4||colspan="2"|—||30||13 |- |[[2021–22 Liverpool F.C. season|2021–22]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2021|access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |Premier League |35||15||5||2||4||3||11{{efn|name=UCL}}||1||colspan="2"|—||55||21 |- |[[2022–23 Liverpool F.C. season|2022–23]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2022|access-date=14 April 2024}}</ref> |Premier League |22||7||0||0||0||0||6{{efn|name=UCL}}||0||0||0||28||7 |- |[[2023–24 Liverpool F.C. season|2023–24]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|78051|2023|access-date=14 April 2024}}</ref> |Premier League |21||10||2||1||4||1||5{{efn|name=UEL}}||3|| colspan="2" |—||32||15 |- !colspan="2"|Total !97||41||7||3||10||4||31||8||0||0||145||56 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !276||96||14||6||15||4||53||18||0||0||358||124 |} {{notelist}} ===International=== {{updated|match played 16 November 2023}}<ref name="wfnat">{{cite web |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/diogo-jota/4/ |title=Diogo Jota: Internationals |website=worldfootball.net |publisher=HEIM:SPIEL |access-date=14 April 2024}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+ Appearances and goals by national team and year |- !National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="5"|[[Portugal national football team|Portugal]] |2019||2||0 |- |2020||8||3 |- |2021||12||5 |- |2022||7||2 |- |2023||7||2 |- !colspan="2"|Total||36||12 |} {{updated|match played 16 November 2023}} :''Scores and results list Portugal's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Jota goal''<ref name="wfnat"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ List of international goals scored by Diogo Jota |- !scope="col"|No. !scope="col"|Date !scope="col"|Venue !scope="col"|Cap !scope="col"|Opponent !scope="col"|Score !scope="col"|Result !scope="col"|Competition !scope="col" class="unsortable"|{{abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- |style="text-align: center;"|1||5 September 2020||[[Estádio do Dragão]], Porto, Portugal||style="text-align: center;"|3||{{fb|CRO}}||style="text-align: center;"|2–0||style="text-align: center;"|4–1||[[2020–21 UEFA Nations League A]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2020/09/05/europe/uefa-nations-league/portugal/croatia/3243363/ |title=Portugal vs. Croatia 4–1: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|2||rowspan="2"|14 October 2020||rowspan="2"|[[Estádio José Alvalade]], Lisbon, Portugal||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|7||rowspan="2"|{{fb|SWE}}||style="text-align: center;"|2–0||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|3–0||rowspan="2"|[[2020–21 UEFA Nations League A]]||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2020/10/14/europe/uefa-nations-league/portugal/sweden/3243370/ |title=Portugal vs. Sweden 3–0: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|3||style="text-align: center;"|3–0 |- |style="text-align: center;"|4||rowspan="2"|27 March 2021||rowspan="2"|[[Red Star Stadium]], Belgrade, Serbia||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|11||rowspan="2"|{{fb|SRB}}||style="text-align: center;"|1–0||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|2–2||rowspan="2"|[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]]||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2021/03/27/europe/wc-qualifying-europe/serbia/portugal/3429998/ |title=Serbia vs. Portugal 2–2: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|5||style="text-align: center;"|2–0 |- |style="text-align: center;"|6||30 March 2021||[[Stade Josy Barthel]], Luxembourg City, Luxembourg||style="text-align: center;"|12||{{fb|LUX}}||style="text-align: center;"|1–1||style="text-align: center;"|3–1||[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2021/03/30/europe/wc-qualifying-europe/luxembourg/portugal/3430001/ |title=Luxembourg vs. Portugal 1–3: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|7||19 June 2021||[[Allianz Arena]], Munich, Germany||style="text-align: center;"|16||{{fb|GER}}||style="text-align: center;"|2–4||style="text-align: center;"|2–4||[[UEFA Euro 2020]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2021/06/19/europe/european-championships/portugal/germany/3188309/ |title=Portugal vs. Germany 2–4: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|8||7 September 2021||[[Baku Olympic Stadium]], Baku, Azerbaijan||style="text-align: center;"|21||{{fb|AZE}}||style="text-align: center;"|3–0||style="text-align: center;"|3–0||[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2021/09/07/europe/wc-qualifying-europe/azerbaijan/portugal/3430006/ |title=Azerbaijan vs. Portugal 0–3: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|9||24 March 2022||[[Estádio do Dragão]], Porto, Portugal||style="text-align: center;"|23||{{fb|TUR}}||style="text-align: center;"|2–0||style="text-align: center;"|3–1||[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2022/03/24/europe/wc-qualifying-europe/portugal/turkey/3702973/ |title=Portugal vs. Turkey 3–1: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|10||24 September 2022||[[Fortuna Arena]], Prague, Czech Republic||style="text-align: center;"|28||{{fb|CZE}}||style="text-align: center;"|4–0||style="text-align: center;"|4–0||[[2022–23 UEFA Nations League A]]||style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2022/09/24/europe/uefa-nations-league/czech-republic/portugal/3710391/ |title=Czech Republic vs. Portugal 0–4: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|11||rowspan="2"|11 September 2023||rowspan="2"|[[Estádio Algarve]], Algarve, Portugal||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|33||rowspan="2"|{{fb|LUX}}||style="text-align: center;"|5–0||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|9–0||rowspan="2"|[[UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying]]||rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2023/09/11/europe/european-championship-qualification/portugal/luxembourg/3972854/ |title=Portugal vs. Luxembourg 9–0: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=11 September 2023}}</ref> |- |style="text-align: center;"|12||style="text-align: center;"|7–0 |} ==Honours== '''Wolverhampton Wanderers''' *[[EFL Championship]]: [[2017–18 EFL Championship|2017–18]]<ref>{{cite book|editor-first=John|editor-last=Anderson |title=Football Yearbook 2018–2019 |url=https://archive.org/details/footballyearbook0000head_z6e6|year=2018 |publisher=Headline Publishing Group |location=London |isbn=978-1-4722-6106-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/footballyearbook0000head_z6e6/page/386 386]–387}}</ref> '''Liverpool''' *[[FA Cup]]: [[2021–22 FA Cup|2021–22]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61429640 |title=Chelsea 0–0 Liverpool |first=Phil |last=McNulty |website=BBC Sport |date=14 May 2022 |access-date=14 May 2022}}</ref> *[[EFL Cup]]: [[2021–22 EFL Cup|2021–22]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/60450274 |title=Chelsea 0–0 Liverpool |first=Phil |last=McNulty |website=BBC Sport |date=27 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022}}</ref><!--- Jota was not in the matchday squad for the 2024 EFL Cup final - please do not add the 2023/24 EFL Cup without an independent reliable source which states that he received a medal --> *[[UEFA Champions League]] runner-up: [[2021–22 UEFA Champions League|2021–22]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61609200 |title=Liverpool 0–1 Real Madrid |first=Phil |last=McNulty |website=BBC Sport |date=28 May 2022 |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> '''Portugal''' *[[UEFA Nations League]]: [[2018–19 UEFA Nations League|2018–19]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://desporto.sapo.pt/futebol/liga-das-nacoes/artigos/portugal-regressa-ao-topo-da-europa-liga-das-nacoes-fica-em-casa |title=Portugal regressa ao topo da Europa. Liga das Nações fica em casa|trans-title=Portugal returns to the top of Europe. Nations League stays home |publisher=SAPO |date=9 June 2019 |access-date=10 June 2019}}</ref> '''Individual''' *[[Premier League Player of the Month]]: [[2023–24 Premier League#Monthly awards|January 2024]]<ref name="PremProfile"/> *[[SJPF Young Player of the Month]]: October/November 2015<ref name="Oct&Nov">{{cite web |url=http://sjpf.pt/index.php?pt=news&op=OP_SHOW_DETAIL&id=7467|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414220444/http://sjpf.pt/index.php?pt=news&op=OP_SHOW_DETAIL&id=7467|archive-date=14 April 2016 |title=SJPF entrega prémio a Diogo Jota |language=pt|trans-title=SJPF gives award to Diogo Jota |date=12 January 2016 |publisher=SJPF |access-date=20 March 2016}}</ref> *Primeira Liga Goal of the Month: [[2015–16 Primeira Liga#Goal of the month|February 2016]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.abola.pt/nnh/ver.aspx?id=602705 |title=Jonas eleito o melhor jogador de fevereiro |language=pt|trans-title=Jonas voted the best player of February |date=16 March 2016 |newspaper=A Bola |access-date=20 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320075400/http://www.abola.pt/nnh/ver.aspx?id=602705 |archive-date=20 March 2016}}</ref> *UEFA Champions League Breakthrough XI: 2020<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2020 |title=Champions League breakthrough team of 2020 |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0264-1136a160137c-1457a37d80c8-1000--champions-league-breakthrough-team-of-2020 |publisher=UEFA |access-date=1 January 2021}}</ref> ==References== '''International appearances''' *{{cite web |url=https://www.fpf.pt/pt/Jogadores/Jogador/playerId/794648 |title=Jogador: Diogo Jota|trans-title=Player: Diogo Jota |publisher=Portuguese Football Federation |language=pt|access-date=11 June 2018}} '''General''' {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commonscat}} *[http://www.ligaportugal.pt/oou/clube/20142015/primeiraliga/153/jogador/70131 Portuguese League profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315085035/http://www.ligaportugal.pt/oou/clube/20142015/primeiraliga/153/jogador/70131 |date=2016-03-15 }} {{in lang|pt}} *{{Sports links}} {{Portugal squad UEFA Euro 2020}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jota, Diogo}} [[Category:1996 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Portuguese footballers]] [[Category:Association football midfielders]] [[Category:Liverpool F.C. players]] [[Category:Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players]] [[Category:Premier League players]] [[Category:Portugal at UEFA Euro 2020]] gwepkimgwtnal8vwcqmn1ry37lp2vat 3 809192 10367842 10354960 2025-07-02T15:59:16Z 50.29.112.32 /* You've got mail! */ new section 10367842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talk header}} __NOINDEX__ == Special:AbuseFilter/106 == This question is regarding [[Special:AbuseFilter/106]]. Is it necessary to include this line? <pre>& new_size > 10</pre> An IP has blanked [[WP:AN]] ([[Special:Diff/9903357]]) and this was warned but not disallowed. [[User:Depextual|Depextual]] ([[User talk:Depextual|talk]]) 20:56, 24 November 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:Depextual|Depextual]] Not really, I've removed it. — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 21:00, 24 November 2024 (UTC) == New email == Hello. There is a new request on oversight-wp-simple@lists.wikimedia.org :). Best regards, [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 16:04, 26 November 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:BZPN|BZPN]] {{done}} — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 20:57, 26 November 2024 (UTC) ::Thank you! [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 20:59, 26 November 2024 (UTC) == Title blacklisting == Hello, can you handle this request ([[Special:Diff/9908161]])? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 22:36, 27 November 2024 (UTC) == Hi Dear, == I have created the page [[Terry Moore (comics)]] , but it was already present with the name [[Terry Moore (actress)]] And I end up making a redirect with [[Terry Moore]] if you think I did some mistake, please fix it. And thank you for understanding. Have a amazing day. [[User:AERCTANGE|AERCTANGE]] ([[User talk:AERCTANGE|talk]]) 12:27, 1 December 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:AERCTANGE|AERCTANGE]] I have merged the history of the article you created ([[Terry Moore (comics)]]) and the original article ([[Terry Moore (actress)]]). — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 12:50, 1 December 2024 (UTC) ::Thank you, and I have question ::How to merge history ? ::I learned how to do Redirect. [[User:AERCTANGE|AERCTANGE]] ([[User talk:AERCTANGE|talk]]) 13:04, 1 December 2024 (UTC) :::@[[User:AERCTANGE|AERCTANGE]] A merge is something only admins can do by using either the merge tool or by manually deleting the pages. — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 13:24, 1 December 2024 (UTC) ::::Got it, thank you. ::::How to see list of deleted pages in simple wikipedia? I guess I can probably improve some notable pages if they are actually? [[User:AERCTANGE|AERCTANGE]] ([[User talk:AERCTANGE|talk]]) 14:04, 1 December 2024 (UTC) :::::@[[User:AERCTANGE|AERCTANGE]] [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Log?type=delete&user=&page=&wpdate=&tagfilter=&subtype=delete&wpFormIdentifier=logeventslist] might be what you're looking for. — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 23:41, 1 December 2024 (UTC) ::::::Movies , Anime , based wikis which got deleted , I would love to create some, and I have an objection on [[Casino.org]] why this wiki is not deleted it doesn't have english wiki. It's an gambling site. Which has radically promoted here. ::::::If possible can you kick this page ? [[User:AERCTANGE|AERCTANGE]] ([[User talk:AERCTANGE|talk]]) 23:43, 1 December 2024 (UTC) :::::::@[[User:AERCTANGE|AERCTANGE]] The article doesn't look blatantly promotional to me, so it cannot be [[WP:QD|quickly deleted]]. You can however start a [[WP:RfD|discussion to delete the article]]. You can use [[WP:Twinkle]] to help you with it. — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 23:47, 1 December 2024 (UTC) ::::::::If you think it's not then I agree too it. 👑 ::::::::Can you help me to improve this page [[Cyber Crime Break Org]] ::::::::And Adding it info wikidata ::::::::https://wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q131239059 [[User:AERCTANGE|AERCTANGE]] ([[User talk:AERCTANGE|talk]]) 23:51, 1 December 2024 (UTC) == Wikidata merger == Hi , can you add [[Child actor]] to https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970153 Wikipedia list. [[User:AERCTANGE|AERCTANGE]] ([[User talk:AERCTANGE|talk]]) 14:17, 1 December 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:AERCTANGE|AERCTANGE]] {{done}} — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 23:41, 1 December 2024 (UTC) ::thank you [[User:AERCTANGE|AERCTANGE]] ([[User talk:AERCTANGE|talk]]) 23:42, 1 December 2024 (UTC) == Happy Holidays! == <div style="border-style:solid; border-color:#FF4646; background-color:#F6F0F7; border-width:2px; text-align:left; padding:7px; border-radius: 1em; -moz-border-radius: 1em; -webkit-border-radius: 1em; box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75); -moz-box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75); -webkit-box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75);<!-- -->;" class="plainlinks">[[File:Happy Holidays (2135831016).jpg|217px|left]][[File:Arbuckle Bros. (3093003361).jpg|190px|right]][[File:Season's Greetings, Christmas Card from 320 Ranch.jpg|217px|left]]{{Center|[[File:Happy Holidays text.png|301px]]}} '''Hello Fehufanga:''' Enjoy the '''[[Christmas and holiday season|holiday season]]'''&#32;and '''[[winter solstice]]''' if it is occurring in your area of the world, and thanks for your work to maintain, improve and expand Wikipedia. Cheers, ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 22:47, 2 December 2024 (UTC) [[File:A book of country clouds and sunshine (1897), cropped.jpg|center|500px]]{{paragraph break}} </div> <div style="padding-left: 2em; margin-top: 1em; font-size: 88%; font-style: italic">Spread the WikiLove; use {{tls|Season's Greetings}} to send this message</div>{{-}} ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 22:47, 2 December 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:Asteralee|Asteralee]] Thank you! Have a great holiday season too. — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 00:48, 3 December 2024 (UTC) == Time editing == Hello! Is three months suitable to do a self-nomination to become an administrator? Looking at the successful RFAs, it seems to be as if all the nominees joined years ago. ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 23:38, 4 December 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:Asteralee|Asteralee]] Sorry for not replying to this sooner. When I was nominated for adminship, I had seven months of continuous activity on the wiki. I was editing over a year before that, but not at the same activity level as I had in 2022. I think three months may be a bit soon personally. — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 21:58, 5 December 2024 (UTC) ==You've got mail!== {{you've got mail|subject=|ts=13:35, 5 December 2024 (UTC)}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 13:35, 5 December 2024 (UTC) == [[List of states and territories of the United States]] == I'm wondering why you renamed this article when it doesn't include territories. [[User:Depextual|Depextual]] ([[User talk:Depextual|talk]]) 07:23, 8 December 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:Depextual|Depextual]] The move was mostly to fix the history of the page, if you want to move it back, go ahead — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 07:47, 8 December 2024 (UTC) ::{{done}} [[User:Depextual|Depextual]] ([[User talk:Depextual|talk]]) 17:08, 8 December 2024 (UTC) == [[Baroque house]] == Hi. This was the reason, because I explained that this article was some strange and non-specific summary of the [[Baroque]] article that had no reason to exist (''Originating in Italy, its influence quickly spread across Europe and it became the first visual style to have a significant worldwide impact''). And by the way, I would appreciate it if you could look at my AWB request :). Best regards, [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 22:18, 13 December 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:BZPN|BZPN]] The article doesn't fall into any one of valid QD criteria: It's not a test page (G2), it has valid text content (A2), anyone who reads it understands that the article is talking about the Baroque period, even if it is slightly unrelated to the title (A1), and it is not vandalism (G3). I will look at your AWB request separately. — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 22:24, 13 December 2024 (UTC) ::Should I start a RfD then? [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 22:25, 13 December 2024 (UTC) :::@[[User:BZPN|BZPN]] I was thinking of redirecting it to [[Baroque]] but now that you've made an RfD that's fine. — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 22:36, 13 December 2024 (UTC) == Merry Christmas! == {| style="border-style:solid; border-color:green; background-color:white; font color:red; border-width:2px; text-align:left; padding:8px;" |[[Image:Christmas_Wikipedia-logo-v2-en.png|110px]] |[[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) is wishing you a [[Christmas|Merry Christmas]]! <small>This greeting (and season) promotes [[Wikipedia:WikiLove|WikiLove]] and hopefully this note has made your day a little better. Spread the WikiLove by wishing another user a [[Christmas|Merry Christmas]], whether it be someone you have had disagreements with in the past, a good friend, or just some random person. Happy New Year! </small> <br /> <small>Spread the Christmas cheer by adding {{tls|Xmas3}} to their talk page with a friendly message.</small> |} [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 17:43, 19 December 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:BZPN|BZPN]] Thank you! Merry Christmas and happy holidays to you too. — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 04:22, 20 December 2024 (UTC) :: I hereby wish you the happy holidays, and many thanks for your help in implementing my many changes to this project's abuse filters. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|talk]]) 05:28, 20 December 2024 (UTC) :::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] Happy holidays to you too, and thank you for your helpful contributions to the abuse filters! — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 10:17, 20 December 2024 (UTC) == A requested change to filter 87 and a reminder to check your email I sent some time ago == The suggested code that I made below for [[Special:AbuseFilter/87|filter 87]] should exclude users with two WMF username formats, and I excluded anonymous user page creations on filter 87 itself since these are covered by [[Special:AbuseFilter/136|filter 136]] and do not need to be logged by filter 87. <pre> page_namespace == 2 & !("/" in page_title) & page_title != user_name & !("autoconfirmed" in user_rights | global_user_editcount > 500) & !(user_name rlike "(?:-WMF\b|\(WMF\))") & !( /* Covered by filter 136 */ page_id == 0 & user_editcount == null ) </pre> Also, you should probably check your email with the subject name {{tq|A couple of abuse filter requests}} that I have sent as of 24 November 2024. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|talk]]) 01:17, 26 December 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] Sorry, I think I lost that email. Could you send it again? — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 21:38, 1 January 2025 (UTC) :: Now forwarded to your email, you might want to check it. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|talk]]) 22:00, 1 January 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] All {{done}} — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 22:17, 1 January 2025 (UTC) == ahmad saed alzein == Hi there. why did you delete the page / article about "Ahmad Saed Alzein"? the articke its true, a book author and an antique business owner. and i have prove that he got interview from a TV channel just in arabic langauge which i still find how to translate or add english subtitle. and he got verified by meta (instagram, twitter / x , linkedin, youtube) a lot of source about him. why you delete this article? please explain. Thanks in advance [[Special:Contributions/2400:9800:10:72FC:1:0:14AD:1874|2400:9800:10:72FC:1:0:14AD:1874]] ([[User talk:2400:9800:10:72FC:1:0:14AD:1874|talk]]) 04:45, 1 January 2025 (UTC) :The [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2024/Ahmad saed alzein|discussion for the article's deletion]] ended with a consensus that the subject is not notable. If you wish to contest this, you may do so at [[WP:DRV]] — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 06:00, 1 January 2025 (UTC) ==You've got mail!== {{you've got mail|subject=|ts=07:28, 3 January 2025 (UTC)}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 07:28, 3 January 2025 (UTC) == Thank you for being a medical contributors! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|130px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''The 2024 Cure Award''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |In 2024 you '''[[mdwiki:WikiProjectMed:WikiProject_Medicine/Stats/Top_medical_editors_2024_(all)|were one of the top medical editors in your language]]'''. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We really appreciate you and the vital work you do! Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider joining for 2025]]''', there are no associated costs. Additionally one of our primary efforts revolves around translating health content. We invite you to '''[https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php try our new workflow]''' if you have not already. Our dashboard automatically [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php collects statistics] of your efforts and we are working on [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/fixwikirefs.php tools to automatically improve formating]. |} Thanks again :-) -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 06:22, 26 January 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Other_Language_Editors_2024&oldid=28172893 --> ==You've got mail!== {{you've got mail|subject=|ts=12:55, 17 February 2025 (UTC)}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 12:55, 17 February 2025 (UTC) ==You've got mail!== {{you've got mail|subject=|ts=13:19, 6 March 2025 (UTC)}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 13:19, 6 March 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] {{done}} — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 13:25, 6 March 2025 (UTC) == I noticed your edit summary... == ..."Wouldn't it be great to have a babel infobox that you can just pull from a centralized source like Wikidata?" Couldn't you do something like that by using your meta user page? I've been meaning to try setting up my meta page with general info, then adding an include to bring in site-specific stuff. Haven't tried it yet, though. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 01:27, 25 March 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] from what I remember, global user pages can't be transcluded like normal templates or pages. You can make text show up only on meta, or make text only show up on wikis outside of meta, but you can't specify which wikis you want them text to show up in. — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 04:44, 25 March 2025 (UTC) ::What I meant was to put the include on the meta page, to include something local on the wikis that use it. You'd have to set up a user subpage specifically for that. Anyway, I might get around to trying it someday. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 07:33, 25 March 2025 (UTC) :I don't think it's possible to transclude cross-wiki (if it is, please, please let me know). I think it is your whole user page or nothing. :If you do get this working, please let me know! '''[[User:Lee Vilenski|<span style="color:green">Lee Vilenski</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Lee Vilenski|talk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Lee Vilenski|contribs]])</sup>''' 08:27, 25 March 2025 (UTC) ==You've got mail!== {{you've got mail|subject=|ts=04:17, 29 March 2025 (UTC)}} [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|talk]]) 04:17, 29 March 2025 (UTC) == Abuse filter == It looks like you often update abuse filters. Can you look at [[Special:AbuseFilter/64]] and https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:AbuseLog&wpSearchUser=2601%3A644%3A8184%3AF2F0%3AE9D9%3ACDD6%3AEC5A%3AD91F please? Should edits like these be excluded from the filter by regex changes? [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:8184:F2F0:E9D9:CDD6:EC5A:D91F|2601:644:8184:F2F0:E9D9:CDD6:EC5A:D91F]] ([[User talk:2601:644:8184:F2F0:E9D9:CDD6:EC5A:D91F|talk]]) 03:47, 16 April 2025 (UTC) :Fixed the regex. — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 04:23, 16 April 2025 (UTC) ::I think you fixed one thing but "Saturday" is still triggering it. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:8184:F2F0:E9D9:CDD6:EC5A:D91F|2601:644:8184:F2F0:E9D9:CDD6:EC5A:D91F]] ([[User talk:2601:644:8184:F2F0:E9D9:CDD6:EC5A:D91F|talk]]) 04:28, 16 April 2025 (UTC) :::How about now? — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 04:29, 16 April 2025 (UTC) ::::It seems good now, thanks. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:8184:F2F0:E9D9:CDD6:EC5A:D91F|2601:644:8184:F2F0:E9D9:CDD6:EC5A:D91F]] ([[User talk:2601:644:8184:F2F0:E9D9:CDD6:EC5A:D91F|talk]]) 04:32, 16 April 2025 (UTC) ::::: I have a suggestion. Why not surround the regex with word boundaries on each side and on a capture group? I can fix it. Thank you. <span style="font-family:Verdana">[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">'''''Codename Noreste'''''</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#A1000E">talk</span>]])</span> 04:35, 16 April 2025 (UTC) == Hey Fehufanga == why you change an [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] again? please accepting the reality if his was really to did fu(king genocide [[Special:Contributions/111.95.36.47|111.95.36.47]] ([[User talk:111.95.36.47|talk]]) 11:53, 18 April 2025 (UTC) :First of all, no need for the profanity. Second, the choice of wording is terrible. A few sentences below you'll see that the article already states that he is accused of genocide. — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 12:02, 18 April 2025 (UTC) == Thanks ( re: Hallucination ( artificial intelligence) == Thanks for your nominating, at AfD - an example of [[AI slop]] (related to '''[[Hallucination (disambiguation)]]'''). [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Il Fungo (Grigna) (2nd nomination)]]. (And thank you so much for your research, or [[Body of work]], in that Delete-discussion.) [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:8355:B9EA:FC35:132:41ED:26E8|2001:2020:8355:B9EA:FC35:132:41ED:26E8]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:8355:B9EA:FC35:132:41ED:26E8|talk]]) 05:44, 26 April 2025 (UTC) ==You've got mail!== {{you've got mail|subject=|ts=00:14, 6 May 2025 (UTC)}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 00:14, 6 May 2025 (UTC) ==You've got mail!== {{you've got mail|subject=|ts=22:00, 7 May 2025 (UTC)}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 22:00, 7 May 2025 (UTC) ==You've got mail!== {{you've got mail|subject=|ts=12:15, 14 June 2025 (UTC)}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 12:15, 14 June 2025 (UTC) ==You've got mail!== {{you've got mail|subject=|ts=02:36, 22 June 2025 (UTC)}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:36, 22 June 2025 (UTC) ==You've got mail!== {{you've got mail|subject=|ts=03:25, 26 June 2025 (UTC)}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 03:25, 26 June 2025 (UTC) ==You've got mail!== {{you've got mail|subject=|ts=06:01, 26 June 2025 (UTC)}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 06:01, 26 June 2025 (UTC) == You've got mail! == @[[User:Fehufanga|Fehufanga]] [[Special:Contributions/50.29.112.32|50.29.112.32]] ([[User talk:50.29.112.32|talk]]) 15:59, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 45v9yx28kxrvfqrj0lif06r69sjsx09 10368270 10367842 2025-07-02T21:13:23Z MathXplore 966595 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/50.29.112.32|50.29.112.32]] ([[User talk:50.29.112.32|talk]]) to last version by MathXplore 10354960 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talk header}} __NOINDEX__ == Special:AbuseFilter/106 == This question is regarding [[Special:AbuseFilter/106]]. Is it necessary to include this line? <pre>& new_size > 10</pre> An IP has blanked [[WP:AN]] ([[Special:Diff/9903357]]) and this was warned but not disallowed. [[User:Depextual|Depextual]] ([[User talk:Depextual|talk]]) 20:56, 24 November 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:Depextual|Depextual]] Not really, I've removed it. — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 21:00, 24 November 2024 (UTC) == New email == Hello. There is a new request on oversight-wp-simple@lists.wikimedia.org :). Best regards, [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 16:04, 26 November 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:BZPN|BZPN]] {{done}} — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 20:57, 26 November 2024 (UTC) ::Thank you! [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 20:59, 26 November 2024 (UTC) == Title blacklisting == Hello, can you handle this request ([[Special:Diff/9908161]])? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 22:36, 27 November 2024 (UTC) == Hi Dear, == I have created the page [[Terry Moore (comics)]] , but it was already present with the name [[Terry Moore (actress)]] And I end up making a redirect with [[Terry Moore]] if you think I did some mistake, please fix it. And thank you for understanding. Have a amazing day. [[User:AERCTANGE|AERCTANGE]] ([[User talk:AERCTANGE|talk]]) 12:27, 1 December 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:AERCTANGE|AERCTANGE]] I have merged the history of the article you created ([[Terry Moore (comics)]]) and the original article ([[Terry Moore (actress)]]). — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 12:50, 1 December 2024 (UTC) ::Thank you, and I have question ::How to merge history ? ::I learned how to do Redirect. [[User:AERCTANGE|AERCTANGE]] ([[User talk:AERCTANGE|talk]]) 13:04, 1 December 2024 (UTC) :::@[[User:AERCTANGE|AERCTANGE]] A merge is something only admins can do by using either the merge tool or by manually deleting the pages. — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 13:24, 1 December 2024 (UTC) ::::Got it, thank you. ::::How to see list of deleted pages in simple wikipedia? I guess I can probably improve some notable pages if they are actually? [[User:AERCTANGE|AERCTANGE]] ([[User talk:AERCTANGE|talk]]) 14:04, 1 December 2024 (UTC) :::::@[[User:AERCTANGE|AERCTANGE]] [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Log?type=delete&user=&page=&wpdate=&tagfilter=&subtype=delete&wpFormIdentifier=logeventslist] might be what you're looking for. — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 23:41, 1 December 2024 (UTC) ::::::Movies , Anime , based wikis which got deleted , I would love to create some, and I have an objection on [[Casino.org]] why this wiki is not deleted it doesn't have english wiki. It's an gambling site. Which has radically promoted here. ::::::If possible can you kick this page ? [[User:AERCTANGE|AERCTANGE]] ([[User talk:AERCTANGE|talk]]) 23:43, 1 December 2024 (UTC) :::::::@[[User:AERCTANGE|AERCTANGE]] The article doesn't look blatantly promotional to me, so it cannot be [[WP:QD|quickly deleted]]. You can however start a [[WP:RfD|discussion to delete the article]]. You can use [[WP:Twinkle]] to help you with it. — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 23:47, 1 December 2024 (UTC) ::::::::If you think it's not then I agree too it. 👑 ::::::::Can you help me to improve this page [[Cyber Crime Break Org]] ::::::::And Adding it info wikidata ::::::::https://wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q131239059 [[User:AERCTANGE|AERCTANGE]] ([[User talk:AERCTANGE|talk]]) 23:51, 1 December 2024 (UTC) == Wikidata merger == Hi , can you add [[Child actor]] to https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970153 Wikipedia list. [[User:AERCTANGE|AERCTANGE]] ([[User talk:AERCTANGE|talk]]) 14:17, 1 December 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:AERCTANGE|AERCTANGE]] {{done}} — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 23:41, 1 December 2024 (UTC) ::thank you [[User:AERCTANGE|AERCTANGE]] ([[User talk:AERCTANGE|talk]]) 23:42, 1 December 2024 (UTC) == Happy Holidays! == <div style="border-style:solid; border-color:#FF4646; background-color:#F6F0F7; border-width:2px; text-align:left; padding:7px; border-radius: 1em; -moz-border-radius: 1em; -webkit-border-radius: 1em; box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75); -moz-box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75); -webkit-box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75);<!-- -->;" class="plainlinks">[[File:Happy Holidays (2135831016).jpg|217px|left]][[File:Arbuckle Bros. (3093003361).jpg|190px|right]][[File:Season's Greetings, Christmas Card from 320 Ranch.jpg|217px|left]]{{Center|[[File:Happy Holidays text.png|301px]]}} '''Hello Fehufanga:''' Enjoy the '''[[Christmas and holiday season|holiday season]]'''&#32;and '''[[winter solstice]]''' if it is occurring in your area of the world, and thanks for your work to maintain, improve and expand Wikipedia. Cheers, ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 22:47, 2 December 2024 (UTC) [[File:A book of country clouds and sunshine (1897), cropped.jpg|center|500px]]{{paragraph break}} </div> <div style="padding-left: 2em; margin-top: 1em; font-size: 88%; font-style: italic">Spread the WikiLove; use {{tls|Season's Greetings}} to send this message</div>{{-}} ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 22:47, 2 December 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:Asteralee|Asteralee]] Thank you! Have a great holiday season too. — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 00:48, 3 December 2024 (UTC) == Time editing == Hello! Is three months suitable to do a self-nomination to become an administrator? Looking at the successful RFAs, it seems to be as if all the nominees joined years ago. ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 23:38, 4 December 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:Asteralee|Asteralee]] Sorry for not replying to this sooner. When I was nominated for adminship, I had seven months of continuous activity on the wiki. I was editing over a year before that, but not at the same activity level as I had in 2022. I think three months may be a bit soon personally. — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 21:58, 5 December 2024 (UTC) ==You've got mail!== {{you've got mail|subject=|ts=13:35, 5 December 2024 (UTC)}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 13:35, 5 December 2024 (UTC) == [[List of states and territories of the United States]] == I'm wondering why you renamed this article when it doesn't include territories. [[User:Depextual|Depextual]] ([[User talk:Depextual|talk]]) 07:23, 8 December 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:Depextual|Depextual]] The move was mostly to fix the history of the page, if you want to move it back, go ahead — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 07:47, 8 December 2024 (UTC) ::{{done}} [[User:Depextual|Depextual]] ([[User talk:Depextual|talk]]) 17:08, 8 December 2024 (UTC) == [[Baroque house]] == Hi. This was the reason, because I explained that this article was some strange and non-specific summary of the [[Baroque]] article that had no reason to exist (''Originating in Italy, its influence quickly spread across Europe and it became the first visual style to have a significant worldwide impact''). And by the way, I would appreciate it if you could look at my AWB request :). Best regards, [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 22:18, 13 December 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:BZPN|BZPN]] The article doesn't fall into any one of valid QD criteria: It's not a test page (G2), it has valid text content (A2), anyone who reads it understands that the article is talking about the Baroque period, even if it is slightly unrelated to the title (A1), and it is not vandalism (G3). I will look at your AWB request separately. — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 22:24, 13 December 2024 (UTC) ::Should I start a RfD then? [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 22:25, 13 December 2024 (UTC) :::@[[User:BZPN|BZPN]] I was thinking of redirecting it to [[Baroque]] but now that you've made an RfD that's fine. — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 22:36, 13 December 2024 (UTC) == Merry Christmas! == {| style="border-style:solid; border-color:green; background-color:white; font color:red; border-width:2px; text-align:left; padding:8px;" |[[Image:Christmas_Wikipedia-logo-v2-en.png|110px]] |[[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) is wishing you a [[Christmas|Merry Christmas]]! <small>This greeting (and season) promotes [[Wikipedia:WikiLove|WikiLove]] and hopefully this note has made your day a little better. Spread the WikiLove by wishing another user a [[Christmas|Merry Christmas]], whether it be someone you have had disagreements with in the past, a good friend, or just some random person. Happy New Year! </small> <br /> <small>Spread the Christmas cheer by adding {{tls|Xmas3}} to their talk page with a friendly message.</small> |} [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 17:43, 19 December 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:BZPN|BZPN]] Thank you! Merry Christmas and happy holidays to you too. — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 04:22, 20 December 2024 (UTC) :: I hereby wish you the happy holidays, and many thanks for your help in implementing my many changes to this project's abuse filters. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|talk]]) 05:28, 20 December 2024 (UTC) :::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] Happy holidays to you too, and thank you for your helpful contributions to the abuse filters! — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 10:17, 20 December 2024 (UTC) == A requested change to filter 87 and a reminder to check your email I sent some time ago == The suggested code that I made below for [[Special:AbuseFilter/87|filter 87]] should exclude users with two WMF username formats, and I excluded anonymous user page creations on filter 87 itself since these are covered by [[Special:AbuseFilter/136|filter 136]] and do not need to be logged by filter 87. <pre> page_namespace == 2 & !("/" in page_title) & page_title != user_name & !("autoconfirmed" in user_rights | global_user_editcount > 500) & !(user_name rlike "(?:-WMF\b|\(WMF\))") & !( /* Covered by filter 136 */ page_id == 0 & user_editcount == null ) </pre> Also, you should probably check your email with the subject name {{tq|A couple of abuse filter requests}} that I have sent as of 24 November 2024. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|talk]]) 01:17, 26 December 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] Sorry, I think I lost that email. Could you send it again? — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 21:38, 1 January 2025 (UTC) :: Now forwarded to your email, you might want to check it. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|talk]]) 22:00, 1 January 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] All {{done}} — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 22:17, 1 January 2025 (UTC) == ahmad saed alzein == Hi there. why did you delete the page / article about "Ahmad Saed Alzein"? the articke its true, a book author and an antique business owner. and i have prove that he got interview from a TV channel just in arabic langauge which i still find how to translate or add english subtitle. and he got verified by meta (instagram, twitter / x , linkedin, youtube) a lot of source about him. why you delete this article? please explain. Thanks in advance [[Special:Contributions/2400:9800:10:72FC:1:0:14AD:1874|2400:9800:10:72FC:1:0:14AD:1874]] ([[User talk:2400:9800:10:72FC:1:0:14AD:1874|talk]]) 04:45, 1 January 2025 (UTC) :The [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2024/Ahmad saed alzein|discussion for the article's deletion]] ended with a consensus that the subject is not notable. If you wish to contest this, you may do so at [[WP:DRV]] — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 06:00, 1 January 2025 (UTC) ==You've got mail!== {{you've got mail|subject=|ts=07:28, 3 January 2025 (UTC)}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 07:28, 3 January 2025 (UTC) == Thank you for being a medical contributors! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|130px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''The 2024 Cure Award''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |In 2024 you '''[[mdwiki:WikiProjectMed:WikiProject_Medicine/Stats/Top_medical_editors_2024_(all)|were one of the top medical editors in your language]]'''. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We really appreciate you and the vital work you do! Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider joining for 2025]]''', there are no associated costs. Additionally one of our primary efforts revolves around translating health content. We invite you to '''[https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php try our new workflow]''' if you have not already. Our dashboard automatically [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php collects statistics] of your efforts and we are working on [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/fixwikirefs.php tools to automatically improve formating]. |} Thanks again :-) -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 06:22, 26 January 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Other_Language_Editors_2024&oldid=28172893 --> ==You've got mail!== {{you've got mail|subject=|ts=12:55, 17 February 2025 (UTC)}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 12:55, 17 February 2025 (UTC) ==You've got mail!== {{you've got mail|subject=|ts=13:19, 6 March 2025 (UTC)}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 13:19, 6 March 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] {{done}} — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 13:25, 6 March 2025 (UTC) == I noticed your edit summary... == ..."Wouldn't it be great to have a babel infobox that you can just pull from a centralized source like Wikidata?" Couldn't you do something like that by using your meta user page? I've been meaning to try setting up my meta page with general info, then adding an include to bring in site-specific stuff. Haven't tried it yet, though. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 01:27, 25 March 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] from what I remember, global user pages can't be transcluded like normal templates or pages. You can make text show up only on meta, or make text only show up on wikis outside of meta, but you can't specify which wikis you want them text to show up in. — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 04:44, 25 March 2025 (UTC) ::What I meant was to put the include on the meta page, to include something local on the wikis that use it. You'd have to set up a user subpage specifically for that. Anyway, I might get around to trying it someday. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 07:33, 25 March 2025 (UTC) :I don't think it's possible to transclude cross-wiki (if it is, please, please let me know). I think it is your whole user page or nothing. :If you do get this working, please let me know! '''[[User:Lee Vilenski|<span style="color:green">Lee Vilenski</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Lee Vilenski|talk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Lee Vilenski|contribs]])</sup>''' 08:27, 25 March 2025 (UTC) ==You've got mail!== {{you've got mail|subject=|ts=04:17, 29 March 2025 (UTC)}} [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|talk]]) 04:17, 29 March 2025 (UTC) == Abuse filter == It looks like you often update abuse filters. Can you look at [[Special:AbuseFilter/64]] and https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:AbuseLog&wpSearchUser=2601%3A644%3A8184%3AF2F0%3AE9D9%3ACDD6%3AEC5A%3AD91F please? Should edits like these be excluded from the filter by regex changes? [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:8184:F2F0:E9D9:CDD6:EC5A:D91F|2601:644:8184:F2F0:E9D9:CDD6:EC5A:D91F]] ([[User talk:2601:644:8184:F2F0:E9D9:CDD6:EC5A:D91F|talk]]) 03:47, 16 April 2025 (UTC) :Fixed the regex. — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 04:23, 16 April 2025 (UTC) ::I think you fixed one thing but "Saturday" is still triggering it. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:8184:F2F0:E9D9:CDD6:EC5A:D91F|2601:644:8184:F2F0:E9D9:CDD6:EC5A:D91F]] ([[User talk:2601:644:8184:F2F0:E9D9:CDD6:EC5A:D91F|talk]]) 04:28, 16 April 2025 (UTC) :::How about now? — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 04:29, 16 April 2025 (UTC) ::::It seems good now, thanks. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:8184:F2F0:E9D9:CDD6:EC5A:D91F|2601:644:8184:F2F0:E9D9:CDD6:EC5A:D91F]] ([[User talk:2601:644:8184:F2F0:E9D9:CDD6:EC5A:D91F|talk]]) 04:32, 16 April 2025 (UTC) ::::: I have a suggestion. Why not surround the regex with word boundaries on each side and on a capture group? I can fix it. Thank you. <span style="font-family:Verdana">[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">'''''Codename Noreste'''''</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#A1000E">talk</span>]])</span> 04:35, 16 April 2025 (UTC) == Hey Fehufanga == why you change an [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] again? please accepting the reality if his was really to did fu(king genocide [[Special:Contributions/111.95.36.47|111.95.36.47]] ([[User talk:111.95.36.47|talk]]) 11:53, 18 April 2025 (UTC) :First of all, no need for the profanity. Second, the choice of wording is terrible. A few sentences below you'll see that the article already states that he is accused of genocide. — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 12:02, 18 April 2025 (UTC) == Thanks ( re: Hallucination ( artificial intelligence) == Thanks for your nominating, at AfD - an example of [[AI slop]] (related to '''[[Hallucination (disambiguation)]]'''). [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Il Fungo (Grigna) (2nd nomination)]]. (And thank you so much for your research, or [[Body of work]], in that Delete-discussion.) [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:8355:B9EA:FC35:132:41ED:26E8|2001:2020:8355:B9EA:FC35:132:41ED:26E8]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:8355:B9EA:FC35:132:41ED:26E8|talk]]) 05:44, 26 April 2025 (UTC) ==You've got mail!== {{you've got mail|subject=|ts=00:14, 6 May 2025 (UTC)}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 00:14, 6 May 2025 (UTC) ==You've got mail!== {{you've got mail|subject=|ts=22:00, 7 May 2025 (UTC)}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 22:00, 7 May 2025 (UTC) ==You've got mail!== {{you've got mail|subject=|ts=12:15, 14 June 2025 (UTC)}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 12:15, 14 June 2025 (UTC) ==You've got mail!== {{you've got mail|subject=|ts=02:36, 22 June 2025 (UTC)}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:36, 22 June 2025 (UTC) ==You've got mail!== {{you've got mail|subject=|ts=03:25, 26 June 2025 (UTC)}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 03:25, 26 June 2025 (UTC) ==You've got mail!== {{you've got mail|subject=|ts=06:01, 26 June 2025 (UTC)}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 06:01, 26 June 2025 (UTC) 2m5dud5tv8x6mufieflqgy4my2vhf7t 3 809605 10368970 10364566 2025-07-03T05:01:16Z Bot873 764901 Bot: Archiving 2 threads (older than 2 days) to [[User talk:TTP1233/Archives/2025/June]] 10368970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = User talk:TTP1233/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s |algo = old(2d) |counter = 1 |minthreadsleft = 0 }} {{User talk:TTP1233/Talkpage header}} {{Archive box|search=no|style=background-color:#F9F9F9; border-color:#AAAAAA| #'''[[User talk:TTP1233/Archives/2020/December|December 2020]]''' #'''[[User talk:TTP1233/Archives/2021/January|January 2021]]''' #'''[[User talk:TTP1233/Archives/2021/February|February 2021]]''' #'''[[User talk:TTP1233/Archives/2022/May|May 2022]]''' #'''[[User talk:TTP1233/Archives/2022/July|July 2022]]''' #'''[[User talk:TTP1233/Archives/2022/August|August 2022]]'''}} {{retired}} k9odnhuet3xnfkrqbcmwmovhmvg1hih 0 810037 10367957 8267827 2025-07-02T17:14:37Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* References */ US-EN 10367957 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} '''''The Act''''' is an American [[crime|true crime]] [[drama]] [[television series]] that was made by [[Hulu]]. The series had eight parts, the first episode was released on March 20, 2019. The final episode came out on May 1, 2019. The show is about the real life story of [[Gypsy Blanchard]] and the [[Murder of Dee Dee Blanchard|murder of her mother, Dee Dee Blanchard]]. Dee Dee abused her daughter Gypsy by lying about her age, faking medical illnesses about Gypsy and physically tying her up.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Trailer for Hulu's Gypsy Blanchard Series The Act Will Leave You Shook |url=https://www.eonline.com/news/1020495/the-trailer-for-hulu-s-gypsy-blanchard-series-the-act-will-leave-you-shook |website=[[E!|E! Online]] |first=Chris |last=Harnick |access-date=March 7, 2019 |date=March 4, 2019}}</ref> [[Joey King]] played Gypsy and [[Patricia Arquette]] played her mother, Dee Dee Blanchard. [[AnnaSophia Robb]], [[Chloë Sevigny]], and [[Calum Worthy]] also star. ==References== {{reflist}} {{TV-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Act, The}} [[Category:2019 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2010s American crime television series]] [[Category:2010s American drama television series]] [[Category:Television series about dysfunctional families]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:Hulu original series]] [[Category:American crime drama television series]] q5un55w67cmn7o9e9ut3fruh7hgeqvp 0 816775 10367970 10071219 2025-07-02T17:22:50Z Duke Nukemployment 1615941 The criteria set out as reasons for not being a hyperpower are not consistent with the example of the British Empire. 10367970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{NPOV|date=August 2023}} {{Essay-like}} The term "hyperpower" emerged in the late 20th century to describe a nation or state with a dominant position characterized by an unparalleled ability to exert influence on a global scale. The origins of the term are often attributed to the French philosopher Hubert Vedrine, who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs under French President Jacques Chirac from 1997 to 2002. In a speech in 1999, Vedrine used the French term "hyperpuissance" to refer to the United States' unprecedented global clout and power projection capabilities after the end of the Cold War. He argued that the U.S. had become a "hyper-power" that dominated the world across virtually every domain - economically, militarily, technologically, diplomatically, and culturally. The concept highlighted the perception that the U.S. had achieved a level of preeminence and lack of counterweights unseen in modern history after the collapse of the Soviet Union. This unrivaled status allowed it to act largely unilaterally on the world stage. While the term generated some controversy and debate, it gained traction in foreign policy circles to capture the unique concentration of hard and soft power resources possessed by the United States in the post-Cold War unipolar moment of the late 20th century.<!--It is easy to see areas where the United States is no longer dominant. [[Economy of the United States|Its economy]] is weakened by manufacturing abroad; internal social conflicts are greater. However,--> There are also claims that the Mongol Empire, British Empire, Acheamenid Empire and Roman Empire were hyperpowers, However, the Mongol Empire, the Acheamenid Empire and the Roman Empire were not considered "hyperpowers" for several reasons: # Lack of modern military technology and power projection: These historical empires, though formidable for their times, did not possess the advanced military technology, nuclear weapons, or global power projection capabilities that define a modern "hyperpower" status. Their militaries were limited by the technological constraints of their eras. # Geographic limitations: While vast, these empires were largely confined to contiguous land areas and their ability to exert influence was limited by the realities of pre-modern transportation and communication. A "hyperpower" exercises influence across the entire globe simultaneously. # Economic dominance constrained: Their economic dominance, while substantial regionally, did not approach the level of systematized global economic hegemony that could be exerted by a modern "hyperpower" given today's globalization and integrated world markets. # Soft power limitations: These ancient empires could not leverage modern tools of soft power like technological superiority, cultural exports, or global media/communications to shape attitudes and preferences worldwide as a "hyperpower" can. # Timeframe considerations: The concept of a "hyperpower" arose in the late 20th century in reference to the United States' unprecedented consolidation of power after the Cold War ended. It reflected a new modern reality ungoverned by the limitations that historical empires faced. So while they were immensely powerful entities that controlled great swaths of territory and resources in their eras, they lacked the across-the-board concentration of economic, military, political and social influence on a global scale that defines a "hyperpower" in the modern context the term was intended. It is also worth mentioning [[:en:Congress_of_Vienna|The Congress of Vienna]] in 1814-1815 after the Napoleonic Wars was a key reason why Britain did not achieve true "hyperpower" status, despite being the preeminent great power of the 19th century. At the Congress of Vienna, the major European powers like Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria worked together to establish a new balance of power and redraw the map of Europe. This prevented any one nation, including Britain, from dominating the European continent unchecked. Specifically, some of the factors that constrained British dominance after 1815 included: # Restoration of France as a major power, balancing British influence. # Growth of Russian power in Eastern Europe, curtailing Britain's sphere. # Revival of Prussia and Austria as significant central European forces. # Establishment of the Concert of Europe system of consensus diplomacy among the great powers. # British reluctance to maintain large standing armies on the continent. So while Britain possessed the largest empire, navy and increasingly powerful economy in the 1800s, it faced counterweights on the European continent that prevented it from projecting overwhelming dominance in the way a 20th century "hyperpower" could globally. * [[Great power]] * [[Superpower]] == References == https://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/05/news/to-paris-us-looks-like-a-hyperpower.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_V%C3%A9drine https://historicophiles.com/2023/05/18/how-did-the-us-become-a-hyperpower-during-the-1990s/ Schroeder, P. W. (1989). The Nineteenth Century System: Balance of Power or Political Equilibrium? ''Review of International Studies'', ''15''(2), 135–153. <nowiki>http://www.jstor.org/stable/20097176</nowiki> [[Category:Country classifications]] [[Category:Politics by issue]] jnbyvpb7lvs2lhcf5puihbdyuympdae 10367971 10367970 2025-07-02T17:23:23Z Duke Nukemployment 1615941 10367971 wikitext text/x-wiki {{NPOV|date=August 2023}} {{Essay-like}} The term "hyperpower" emerged in the late 20th century to describe a nation or state with a dominant position characterized by an unparalleled ability to exert influence on a global scale. The origins of the term are often attributed to the French philosopher Hubert Vedrine, who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs under French President Jacques Chirac from 1997 to 2002. In a speech in 1999, Vedrine used the French term "hyperpuissance" to refer to the United States' unprecedented global clout and power projection capabilities after the end of the Cold War. He argued that the U.S. had become a "hyper-power" that dominated the world across virtually every domain - economically, militarily, technologically, diplomatically, and culturally. The concept highlighted the perception that the U.S. had achieved a level of preeminence and lack of counterweights unseen in modern history after the collapse of the Soviet Union. This unrivaled status allowed it to act largely unilaterally on the world stage. While the term generated some controversy and debate, it gained traction in foreign policy circles to capture the unique concentration of hard and soft power resources possessed by the United States in the post-Cold War unipolar moment of the late 20th century.<!--It is easy to see areas where the United States is no longer dominant. [[Economy of the United States|Its economy]] is weakened by manufacturing abroad; internal social conflicts are greater. However,--> There are also claims that the Mongol Empire, British Empire, Acheamenid Empire and Roman Empire were hyperpowers. However, the Mongol Empire, the Acheamenid Empire and the Roman Empire were not considered "hyperpowers" for several reasons: # Lack of modern military technology and power projection: These historical empires, though formidable for their times, did not possess the advanced military technology, nuclear weapons, or global power projection capabilities that define a modern "hyperpower" status. Their militaries were limited by the technological constraints of their eras. # Geographic limitations: While vast, these empires were largely confined to contiguous land areas and their ability to exert influence was limited by the realities of pre-modern transportation and communication. A "hyperpower" exercises influence across the entire globe simultaneously. # Economic dominance constrained: Their economic dominance, while substantial regionally, did not approach the level of systematized global economic hegemony that could be exerted by a modern "hyperpower" given today's globalization and integrated world markets. # Soft power limitations: These ancient empires could not leverage modern tools of soft power like technological superiority, cultural exports, or global media/communications to shape attitudes and preferences worldwide as a "hyperpower" can. # Timeframe considerations: The concept of a "hyperpower" arose in the late 20th century in reference to the United States' unprecedented consolidation of power after the Cold War ended. It reflected a new modern reality ungoverned by the limitations that historical empires faced. So while they were immensely powerful entities that controlled great swaths of territory and resources in their eras, they lacked the across-the-board concentration of economic, military, political and social influence on a global scale that defines a "hyperpower" in the modern context the term was intended. It is also worth mentioning [[:en:Congress_of_Vienna|The Congress of Vienna]] in 1814-1815 after the Napoleonic Wars was a key reason why Britain did not achieve true "hyperpower" status, despite being the preeminent great power of the 19th century. At the Congress of Vienna, the major European powers like Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria worked together to establish a new balance of power and redraw the map of Europe. This prevented any one nation, including Britain, from dominating the European continent unchecked. Specifically, some of the factors that constrained British dominance after 1815 included: # Restoration of France as a major power, balancing British influence. # Growth of Russian power in Eastern Europe, curtailing Britain's sphere. # Revival of Prussia and Austria as significant central European forces. # Establishment of the Concert of Europe system of consensus diplomacy among the great powers. # British reluctance to maintain large standing armies on the continent. So while Britain possessed the largest empire, navy and increasingly powerful economy in the 1800s, it faced counterweights on the European continent that prevented it from projecting overwhelming dominance in the way a 20th century "hyperpower" could globally. * [[Great power]] * [[Superpower]] == References == https://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/05/news/to-paris-us-looks-like-a-hyperpower.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_V%C3%A9drine https://historicophiles.com/2023/05/18/how-did-the-us-become-a-hyperpower-during-the-1990s/ Schroeder, P. W. (1989). The Nineteenth Century System: Balance of Power or Political Equilibrium? ''Review of International Studies'', ''15''(2), 135–153. <nowiki>http://www.jstor.org/stable/20097176</nowiki> [[Category:Country classifications]] [[Category:Politics by issue]] d418trl58aejd3r63a3a6nbqiisz9o2 0 824155 10367992 9538231 2025-07-02T17:42:05Z KazukiMaeda1991 73009 10367992 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Hikaru Naomoto<br/>猶本 光 | image = Hikaru Naomoto 20190505 (cropped2).jpg | image_size = 200 | caption = Naomoto with [[SC Freiburg (women)|SC Freiburg]] in 2019 | fullname = <!--if differs from name--> | birth_name = <!--if differs from fullname--> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1994|3|3}} | birth_place = [[Ogori, Fukuoka|Ogori]], [[Fukuoka Prefecture|Fukuoka]], Japan | height = 1.58m | position = [[Midfielder]] | currentclub = [[Nippon TV Tokyo Verdy Beleza]] | clubnumber = 8 | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = | years1 = 2007–2011 | clubs1 = [[Fukuoka J. Anclas]] | caps1 = 26 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 2012–2018 | clubs2 = [[Urawa Reds Ladies|Urawa Reds]] | caps2 = 110 | goals2 = 9 | years3 = 2018–2020 | clubs3 = [[SC Freiburg (women)|SC Freiburg]] | caps3 = 23 | goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2020–2025 | clubs4 = [[Urawa Reds Ladies|Urawa Reds]] | caps4 = 66 | goals4 = 20 | years5 = 2025– | clubs5 = [Nippon TV Tokyo Verdy Beleza]] | caps5 = | goals5 = | totalcaps = | totalgoals = | nationalyears1 = 2010 | nationalteam1 = [[Japan women's national under-17 football team|Japan U-17]] | nationalcaps1 = 6 | nationalgoals1 = 2 | nationalyears2 = 2012 | nationalteam2 = [[Japan women's national under-20 football team|Japan U-20]] | nationalcaps2 = 6 | nationalgoals2 = 2 | nationalyears3 = 2014– | nationalteam3 = [[Japan women's national football team|Japan]] | nationalcaps3 = 40 | nationalgoals3 = 4 | manageryears1 = | managerclubs1 = | medaltemplates = {{Medal|Team|[[Urawa Reds Ladies|Urawa Reds]]}} {{Medal|W|[[Nadeshiko League]]|[[2014 Nadeshiko League|2014]]}} {{Medal|RU|[[Nadeshiko League Cup]]|[[2017 Nadeshiko League Cup|2017]]}} {{Medal|RU|[[Empress's Cup]]|[[2014 Empress's Cup|2014]]}} {{Medal|Country|{{Fba|JPN}}}} {{Medal|Competition|[[AFC Women's Asian Cup]]}} {{Medal|G|[[2014 AFC Women's Asian Cup|2014 Vietnam]]|}} {{Medal|G|[[2018 AFC Women's Asian Cup|2018 Jordan]]|}} {{Medal|Competition|[[Asian Games]]}} {{Medal|S|[[2014 Asian Games|2014 Incheon]]|[[Football at the 2014 Asian Games – Women|Team]]}} {{Medal|Competition|[[FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup]]}} {{Medal|B|[[2012 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup|2012 Japan]]|}} {{Medal|Competition|[[AFC U-19 Women's Championship]]}} {{Medal|G|[[2011 AFC U-19 Women's Championship|2011 Vietnam]]|}} {{Medal|Competition|[[FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup]]}} {{Medal|S|[[2010 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup|2010 Trinidad and Tobago]]|}} {{Medal|Competition|[[AFC U-16 Women's Championship]]}} {{Medal|B|[[2009 AFC U-16 Women's Championship|2009 Thailand]]|}} | club-update = 14:19, 26 June 2025 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 14:19, 26 October 2023 (UTC) }} {{Nihongo|'''Hikaru Naomoto'''|猶本 光|Naomoto Hikaru|born March 3, 1994}} is a [[Japan]]ese [[Association football|football]] player. She plays for the WE League‘s [[Nippon TV Tokyo Verdy Beleza]] and [[Japan women's national football team|Japan national team]]. ==Biography== Naomoto was born in [[Ogori, Fukuoka|Ogori]] on March 3, 1994. In 2007, she joined her local club [[Fukuoka J. Anclas]]. After graduating from high school, she joined [[Urawa Reds Ladies|Urawa Reds]] in 2012. She was selected Best Eleven in 2014 season. In June 2018, she moved to German [[Bundesliga (women)|Bundesliga]] club [[SC Freiburg (women)|Freiburg]]. In 2020, she returned to [[Urawa Reds Ladies|Urawa Reds]]. Naomoto played for the [[Japan women's national under-17 football team|Japan U-17 national team]] at [[2010 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup|2010 U-17 World Cup]] Japan won the 2nd place and the [[Japan women's national under-20 football team|U-20 team]] at [[2012 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup|2012 U-20 World Cup]] Japan won the 3rd place. On May 8, 2014, she debuted for the [[Japan women's national football team|Japan national team]] against [[New Zealand women's national football team|New Zealand]]. She was a member of Japan for [[2014 AFC Women's Asian Cup|2014 Asian Cup]] and [[Football at the 2014 Asian Games – Women's tournament|2014 Asian Games]]. Japan won the championship at Asian Cup and the 2nd place at Asian Games. In 2018, she played at [[2018 AFC Women's Asian Cup|2018 Asian Cup]] and Japan won their second consecutive title. ==Career statistics== === International === {{updated|match played 26 October 2023}}<ref>List of matches in [http://www.jfa.jp/nadeshikojapan/schedule_result/2014.html 2014], [http://www.jfa.jp/nadeshikojapan/schedule_result/2015.html 2015] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811194644/http://www.jfa.jp/nadeshikojapan/schedule_result/2015.html |date=2018-08-11 }}, [http://www.jfa.jp/nadeshikojapan/schedule_result/2017.html 2017] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323072254/http://www.jfa.jp/nadeshikojapan/schedule_result/2017.html |date=2019-03-23 }}, [http://www.jfa.jp/nadeshikojapan/schedule_result/2018.html 2018], [http://www.jfa.jp/nadeshikojapan/schedule_result/2019.html 2019] at Japan Football Association {{in lang|ja}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances and goals by national team and year |- !National Team !Year !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="10" |[[Japan women's national football team|Japan]] |2014||6||0 |- |2015||2||0 |- |2016||0||0 |- |2017||7||0 |- |2018||3||0 |- |2019||2||0 |- |2020||0||0 |- |2021||1||0 |- |2022||10||2 |- |2023 |7 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Total||38||4 |} :''Scores and results list Japan's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Noamoto goal.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ List of international goals scored by Hikaru Noamoto |- !scope="col"|No. !scope="col"|Date !scope="col"|Venue !scope="col"|Opponent !scope="col"|Score !scope="col"|Result !scope="col"|Competition |- |align=center|1 |21 January 2022 |[[Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex]], [[Pune]], [[India]] |{{fbw|MYA}} |align=center|3–0 |align=center|5–0 |[[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup]] |- |align=center|2 |24 June 2022 |Sport Center FAS, [[Stara Pazova]], [[Serbia]] |{{fbw|SRB}} |align=center|2–0 |align=center|5–0 |[[Exhibition match|Friendly]] |- |align=center|3 |26 July 2023 |[[Forsyth Barr Stadium]], [[Dunedin]], [[New Zealand]] |{{fbw|CRC}} |align=center|1–0 |align=center|2–0 |[[2023 FIFA Women's World Cup]] |- |align=center|4 |26 October 2023 |[[Lokomotiv Stadium (Tashkent)|Lokomotiv Stadium]], [[Tashkent]], [[Uzbekistan]] |{{fbw|IND}} |align=center|7–0 |align=center|7–0 |[[2024 AFC Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament]] |- |} == Honours == '''Japan''' * [[AFC Women's Asian Cup]]: [[2014 AFC Women's Asian Cup|2014]], [[2018 AFC Women's Asian Cup|2018]] === Individual === * Nadeshiko League Best XI: [[2014 Nadeshiko League|2014]] * WE League Valuable Player Award: [[2021–22 WE League season|2021–22]], [[2022–23 WE League season|2022–23]] * WE League Best XI: 2022–23 * [[2023 FIFA Women's World Cup]] VISA Player of the Match: against [[Costa Rica]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{Sports links}} *[http://www.jfa.jp/eng/nadeshikojapan/member/naomoto_hikaru.html Japan Football Association] {{Japan-sports-bio-stub}} {{Japan squad 2014 AFC Women's Asian Cup}} {{Japan squad 2018 AFC Women's Asian Cup}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Naomoto, Hikaru}} [[Category:1994 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Footballers from Fukuoka Prefecture]] [[Category:Japan women's international footballers]] [[Category:Nadeshiko League players]] [[Category:Urawa Red Diamonds Ladies players]] [[Category:2014 AFC Women's Asian Cup players]] [[Category:2018 AFC Women's Asian Cup players]] [[Category:Footballers at the 2014 Asian Games]] [[Category:AFC Women's Asian Cup-winning players]] [[Category:Asian Games medalists in football]] [[Category:Asian Games silver medalists for Japan]] [[Category:Medalists at the 2014 Asian Games]] 9vs1896jmh11k3pyz3h3i9d4v95fg5j 10367993 10367992 2025-07-02T17:42:45Z KazukiMaeda1991 73009 10367993 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Hikaru Naomoto<br/>猶本 光 | image = Hikaru Naomoto 20190505 (cropped2).jpg | image_size = 200 | caption = Naomoto with [[SC Freiburg (women)|SC Freiburg]] in 2019 | fullname = <!--if differs from name--> | birth_name = <!--if differs from fullname--> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1994|3|3}} | birth_place = [[Ogori, Fukuoka|Ogori]], [[Fukuoka Prefecture|Fukuoka]], Japan | height = 1.58m | position = [[Midfielder]] | currentclub = [[Nippon TV Tokyo Verdy Beleza]] | clubnumber = 8 | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = | years1 = 2007–2011 | clubs1 = [[Fukuoka J. Anclas]] | caps1 = 26 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 2012–2018 | clubs2 = [[Urawa Reds Ladies|Urawa Reds]] | caps2 = 110 | goals2 = 9 | years3 = 2018–2020 | clubs3 = [[SC Freiburg (women)|SC Freiburg]] | caps3 = 23 | goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2020–2025 | clubs4 = [[Urawa Reds Ladies|Urawa Reds]] | caps4 = 66 | goals4 = 20 | years5 = 2025– | clubs5 = [[Nippon TV Tokyo Verdy Beleza]] | caps5 = | goals5 = | totalcaps = | totalgoals = | nationalyears1 = 2010 | nationalteam1 = [[Japan women's national under-17 football team|Japan U-17]] | nationalcaps1 = 6 | nationalgoals1 = 2 | nationalyears2 = 2012 | nationalteam2 = [[Japan women's national under-20 football team|Japan U-20]] | nationalcaps2 = 6 | nationalgoals2 = 2 | nationalyears3 = 2014– | nationalteam3 = [[Japan women's national football team|Japan]] | nationalcaps3 = 40 | nationalgoals3 = 4 | manageryears1 = | managerclubs1 = | medaltemplates = {{Medal|Team|[[Urawa Reds Ladies|Urawa Reds]]}} {{Medal|W|[[Nadeshiko League]]|[[2014 Nadeshiko League|2014]]}} {{Medal|RU|[[Nadeshiko League Cup]]|[[2017 Nadeshiko League Cup|2017]]}} {{Medal|RU|[[Empress's Cup]]|[[2014 Empress's Cup|2014]]}} {{Medal|Country|{{Fba|JPN}}}} {{Medal|Competition|[[AFC Women's Asian Cup]]}} {{Medal|G|[[2014 AFC Women's Asian Cup|2014 Vietnam]]|}} {{Medal|G|[[2018 AFC Women's Asian Cup|2018 Jordan]]|}} {{Medal|Competition|[[Asian Games]]}} {{Medal|S|[[2014 Asian Games|2014 Incheon]]|[[Football at the 2014 Asian Games – Women|Team]]}} {{Medal|Competition|[[FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup]]}} {{Medal|B|[[2012 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup|2012 Japan]]|}} {{Medal|Competition|[[AFC U-19 Women's Championship]]}} {{Medal|G|[[2011 AFC U-19 Women's Championship|2011 Vietnam]]|}} {{Medal|Competition|[[FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup]]}} {{Medal|S|[[2010 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup|2010 Trinidad and Tobago]]|}} {{Medal|Competition|[[AFC U-16 Women's Championship]]}} {{Medal|B|[[2009 AFC U-16 Women's Championship|2009 Thailand]]|}} | club-update = 14:19, 26 June 2025 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 14:19, 26 October 2023 (UTC) }} {{Nihongo|'''Hikaru Naomoto'''|猶本 光|Naomoto Hikaru|born March 3, 1994}} is a [[Japan]]ese [[Association football|football]] player. She plays for the WE League‘s [[Nippon TV Tokyo Verdy Beleza]] and [[Japan women's national football team|Japan national team]]. ==Biography== Naomoto was born in [[Ogori, Fukuoka|Ogori]] on March 3, 1994. In 2007, she joined her local club [[Fukuoka J. Anclas]]. After graduating from high school, she joined [[Urawa Reds Ladies|Urawa Reds]] in 2012. She was selected Best Eleven in 2014 season. In June 2018, she moved to German [[Bundesliga (women)|Bundesliga]] club [[SC Freiburg (women)|Freiburg]]. In 2020, she returned to [[Urawa Reds Ladies|Urawa Reds]]. Naomoto played for the [[Japan women's national under-17 football team|Japan U-17 national team]] at [[2010 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup|2010 U-17 World Cup]] Japan won the 2nd place and the [[Japan women's national under-20 football team|U-20 team]] at [[2012 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup|2012 U-20 World Cup]] Japan won the 3rd place. On May 8, 2014, she debuted for the [[Japan women's national football team|Japan national team]] against [[New Zealand women's national football team|New Zealand]]. She was a member of Japan for [[2014 AFC Women's Asian Cup|2014 Asian Cup]] and [[Football at the 2014 Asian Games – Women's tournament|2014 Asian Games]]. Japan won the championship at Asian Cup and the 2nd place at Asian Games. In 2018, she played at [[2018 AFC Women's Asian Cup|2018 Asian Cup]] and Japan won their second consecutive title. ==Career statistics== === International === {{updated|match played 26 October 2023}}<ref>List of matches in [http://www.jfa.jp/nadeshikojapan/schedule_result/2014.html 2014], [http://www.jfa.jp/nadeshikojapan/schedule_result/2015.html 2015] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811194644/http://www.jfa.jp/nadeshikojapan/schedule_result/2015.html |date=2018-08-11 }}, [http://www.jfa.jp/nadeshikojapan/schedule_result/2017.html 2017] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323072254/http://www.jfa.jp/nadeshikojapan/schedule_result/2017.html |date=2019-03-23 }}, [http://www.jfa.jp/nadeshikojapan/schedule_result/2018.html 2018], [http://www.jfa.jp/nadeshikojapan/schedule_result/2019.html 2019] at Japan Football Association {{in lang|ja}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances and goals by national team and year |- !National Team !Year !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="10" |[[Japan women's national football team|Japan]] |2014||6||0 |- |2015||2||0 |- |2016||0||0 |- |2017||7||0 |- |2018||3||0 |- |2019||2||0 |- |2020||0||0 |- |2021||1||0 |- |2022||10||2 |- |2023 |7 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Total||38||4 |} :''Scores and results list Japan's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Noamoto goal.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ List of international goals scored by Hikaru Noamoto |- !scope="col"|No. !scope="col"|Date !scope="col"|Venue !scope="col"|Opponent !scope="col"|Score !scope="col"|Result !scope="col"|Competition |- |align=center|1 |21 January 2022 |[[Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex]], [[Pune]], [[India]] |{{fbw|MYA}} |align=center|3–0 |align=center|5–0 |[[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup]] |- |align=center|2 |24 June 2022 |Sport Center FAS, [[Stara Pazova]], [[Serbia]] |{{fbw|SRB}} |align=center|2–0 |align=center|5–0 |[[Exhibition match|Friendly]] |- |align=center|3 |26 July 2023 |[[Forsyth Barr Stadium]], [[Dunedin]], [[New Zealand]] |{{fbw|CRC}} |align=center|1–0 |align=center|2–0 |[[2023 FIFA Women's World Cup]] |- |align=center|4 |26 October 2023 |[[Lokomotiv Stadium (Tashkent)|Lokomotiv Stadium]], [[Tashkent]], [[Uzbekistan]] |{{fbw|IND}} |align=center|7–0 |align=center|7–0 |[[2024 AFC Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament]] |- |} == Honours == '''Japan''' * [[AFC Women's Asian Cup]]: [[2014 AFC Women's Asian Cup|2014]], [[2018 AFC Women's Asian Cup|2018]] === Individual === * Nadeshiko League Best XI: [[2014 Nadeshiko League|2014]] * WE League Valuable Player Award: [[2021–22 WE League season|2021–22]], [[2022–23 WE League season|2022–23]] * WE League Best XI: 2022–23 * [[2023 FIFA Women's World Cup]] VISA Player of the Match: against [[Costa Rica]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{Sports links}} *[http://www.jfa.jp/eng/nadeshikojapan/member/naomoto_hikaru.html Japan Football Association] {{Japan-sports-bio-stub}} {{Japan squad 2014 AFC Women's Asian Cup}} {{Japan squad 2018 AFC Women's Asian Cup}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Naomoto, Hikaru}} [[Category:1994 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Footballers from Fukuoka Prefecture]] [[Category:Japan women's international footballers]] [[Category:Nadeshiko League players]] [[Category:Urawa Red Diamonds Ladies players]] [[Category:2014 AFC Women's Asian Cup players]] [[Category:2018 AFC Women's Asian Cup players]] [[Category:Footballers at the 2014 Asian Games]] [[Category:AFC Women's Asian Cup-winning players]] [[Category:Asian Games medalists in football]] [[Category:Asian Games silver medalists for Japan]] [[Category:Medalists at the 2014 Asian Games]] 877gsc2djhi0wevl9atjna2vou5t3uy 0 825436 10369499 10033882 2025-07-03T11:57:53Z Ferien 1011873 Nominated for deletion; see [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Amzat Boukari-Yabara]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369499 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|appears to fail [[WP:GNG]] and [[:w:en:Wikipedia:Notability (people)#Creative professionals]].}} {{Infobox person | name = Amzat Boukari-Yabara | image = Amzat_Boukari-Yabara_2020_interview.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = 1981 | birth_place = [[Cotonou]] | education = | alma_mater = Paris-Sorbonne University | occupation = Historian | years_active = | employer = | organization = Ligue Panafricaine-UMOJA | style = | children = | awards = | footnotes = }} '''Amzat Boukari-Yabara''' is a French [[pan-Africanist]] [[historian]] from [[Benin]]. His books explain the history of important people, places, and events in pan-Africanism. He also discusses politics today, often criticizing [[France]], the [[United States]], and [[neocolonialism]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-22|title=Amzat Boukari-Yabara : « La Françafrique est la forme spécifique du néocolonialisme français »|url=https://acta.zone/amzat-boukari-yabara-la-francafrique-est-la-forme-specifique-du-neocolonialisme-francais/|access-date=2021-02-28|website=ACTA|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-26|title=Symboles de la colonisation 5/8 : "Les réparations par rapport à l'esclavage sont un enjeu fondamental"|url=https://information.tv5monde.com/video/symboles-de-la-colonisation-58-les-reparations-par-rapport-l-esclavage-sont-un-enjeu|access-date=2021-02-28|website=TV5MONDE|language=fr}}</ref> == Books == * ''[https://www.deboecksuperieur.com/ouvrage/9782804181451-nigeria Nigéria]'', De Boeck, 2013 * ''[https://www.deboecksuperieur.com/ouvrage/9782804185831-mali Mali]'', De Boeck, 2015 * ''[https://www.editionsladecouverte.fr/africa_unite_-9782707176875 Africa Unite! Une histoire du panafricanisme]'', La Découverte, 2017 * ''[https://www.cairn.info/walter-rodney--9782708709102.htm Walter Rodney: Un historien engagé, 1942-1980]'', Présence Africaine, 2018 ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:French historians]] [[Category:Pan-Africanists]] [[Category:1981 births]] [[Category:Beninese people]] {{bio-stub}} flnyk7pfla6h0a5lplr6ihhg3lfhun4 0 832898 10368463 10002259 2025-07-02T23:22:45Z Ferien 1011873 Nominated for deletion; see [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Aidin Ardjomandi]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368463 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|fails [[WP:GNG]], also see [[:w:en:Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aidin Ardjomandi]].}} {{Infobox person | name = Aidin Ardjomandi | image = Aidin Ardjomandi.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1988|3|25|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Tehran]], [[Iran]] | nationality = [[Iran]]ian | alma_mater = IAU, Central Tehran Branch | occupation = [[Designer]] ,[[Cartoonist]] | years_active = | notable_works = Inventing Celloridoo, a new musical instrument | spouse = | children = }} '''Aidin Ardjomandi''' (Born 25 March 1988, [[Tehran]]) is an Iranian multidisciplinary [[Designer]] and [[Cartoonist]].<ref>{{cite web|title=آیدین ارجمندی - پروفایل و بیوگرافی و آثار|url=http://www.irancartoon.com/ir/artists/aba76d54-ceac-4a0a-94a9-dba87589751d|access-date=2021-04-03|website=ایران کارتون|language=en}}</ref> He is a member of the World Design Consortium,<ref name="European Product Design Awards™ - Aidin Ardjomandi">{{cite web|title=European Product Design Awards™ - Aidin Ardjomandi|url=https://www.productdesignaward.eu/jury/aidin-ardjomandi/|access-date=2021-04-03|website=European Product Design Award}}</ref> International Design Club,<ref>{{cite web|title=IDC Iran Members|url=http://www.designassociation.net/member-index.php?c=80|access-date=2021-04-03|website=www.designassociation.net}}</ref> International Council of Creative Industries,<ref>{{cite web|title=ICCI Iran Members|url=http://www.iccidesign.org/member-index.php?c=80|access-date=2021-04-03|website=www.iccidesign.org}}</ref> and the International Association of Designers.<ref>{{cite web|title=IAD Iran Members|url=http://www.iaod.net/member-index.php?c=80|access-date=2021-04-03|website=www.iaod.net}}</ref> Ardjomandi is working in his own design studio as a product and lighting designer and also is the lecturer and manager of marketing at Istituto di Moda Burgo in Qatar<ref>{{cite web|last=Kumar|first=Sanjeev|title=Principal's Message|url=https://imbqatar.com/principals-message/|access-date=2021-04-03|website=IMB Qatar|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226121328/https://imbqatar.com/principals-message/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the [[international relations]] manager of Azerbaijan Design Awards,<ref name="LIT Lighting Design Awards - Aidin Ardjomandi">{{cite web|title=Aidin Ardjomandi|url=https://litawards.com/jury/aidin-ardjomandi/|access-date=2021-04-03|website=LIT Lighting Design Awards|language=en-US}}</ref> permanent International Bureau of Service Providers<ref>{{cite web|title=IBSP Iran Members|url=http://www.ibspro.org/member-index.php?c=80|access-date=2021-04-03|website=www.ibspro.org}}</ref> and Alliance of International Business Associations<ref>{{cite web|title=AIBA Iran Members|url=http://www.theaiba.org/member-index.php?c=80|access-date=2021-04-03|website=www.theaiba.org}}</ref> and official author of Design Adage website.<ref>{{cite web|title=DesignAdage|url=http://www.designadage.com/?P=1|access-date=2021-04-03|website=www.designadage.com|language=en}}</ref> == Inventing Celloridoo == In 2015 Aidin Ardjomandi won A’DESIGN Award by inventing a new brand musical instrument, the Celloridoo,<ref>{{cite web|last=Studios|first=OMC Design|title=Aidin Ardjomandi Designer Profile|url=https://competition.adesignaward.com/gooddesigner.php?profile=141675|access-date=2021-04-03|website=competition.adesignaward.com}}</ref> which was a hybrid one by a combination of [[Cello]] and the [[Didgeridoo]].<ref>{{cite book| last1 = Wade-Matthews| first1 = Max| last2 = Thompson| first2 = Wendy| others = Wendy Thompson, Max Wade-Matthews, Wendy Thompson| title = The encyclopedia of music : instruments of the orchestra and the great composers| url = https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/62750625| date = 2004| publisher = Hermes House| location = London [England]| isbn = 978-1-84309-536-1| oclc = 62750625 }}</ref> The [[Aerophone]] part of Celloridoo is played with continuously vibrating lips to produce the drone while using a special breathing technique called circular breathing. This requires breathing in through the nose whilst simultaneously expelling stored air out of the mouth using the tongue and cheeks and the chordophone part is played with a bow.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cmuse.org/iranian-designer-wins-award-by-inventing-brand-new-musical-instrument-celloridoo/|access-date=2021-04-03|website=www.cmuse.org|title=Iranian Designer Wins Award by Inventing Brand New Musical Instrument - the Celloridoo|date=28 May 2015 }}</ref> A chordophone needs a Pegbox, a neck and a resonance box, and an aerophone needs a pipe and a mouthpiece so the pipe under the mouthpiece became to peg box and neck to install finger board on it, and the lowest part of it became to a resonance box to install bridges, holes and keep the strings.<ref>{{cite web|title=Celloridoo Composite musical instrument by Aidin Ardjomandi Design Interview Celloridoo|url=http://www.design-interviews.com/design.php?ID=36932|access-date=2021-04-03|website=www.design-interviews.com}}</ref> == Awards == * 1st prize of Iran's Universitarian Humor Festival 2008 * Honorable Mention of Iran's Geotourism Film Festival 2009 * Finalist of Sci-fi Vehicle Design Challenge 2010 * Finalist of Young Iranian Caricaturists Festival 2010 * Special Prize of "Devil Against …" International Festival, Caricature Section 2011<ref>{{cite web|title=Irancartoon Web Gallery :: The Finalists of the International Cartoon & Caricature of Devil against Holy Books/ Iran :: Aidin_Ardjomandi_Iran|url=https://www.irancartoon.ir/gallery/album476/Aidin_Ardjomandi_Iran|access-date=2021-04-03|website=www.irancartoon.ir}}</ref> * Finalist of 11th Humor Festival of Caratinga, Brazil - Caricature Section 2011<ref>{{cite web|title=Selecionados do 11º Salão Internacional de Humor de Caratinga 2011|url=http://agendacartum.blogspot.com/2011/10/selecionados-do-11-salao-internacional.html|access-date=2021-04-03|language=pt-BR}}</ref> * Bronze A'Design Award, Italy 2015<ref>{{cite web|date=2015-05-20|title=New Instrument: The Celloridoo|url=https://www.pizzicato.lu/new-instrument-the-celloridoo/|access-date=2021-04-03|website=Pizzicato|language=fr-FR}}</ref> * Movie Design Award, Italy 2017<ref>{{cite web|title=Fariborz and company Short animation series - Designers.org|url=http://designers.org/design.php?ID=52218|access-date=2021-04-03|website=designers.org}}</ref> * Sticker of the Year Award 2019<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-01-21|title=برگزیدگان «جایزه سال استیکر» معرفی شدند|url=https://www.mehrnews.com/news/4831096/برگزیدگان-جایزه-سال-استیکر-معرفی-شدند|access-date=2021-04-03|website=خبرگزاری مهر {{!}} اخبار ایران و جهان {{!}} Mehr News Agency|language=fa}}</ref> == Jury Membership == * A’DESIGN Award: 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021<ref>{{cite web|title=Design Award Jury|url=http://www.awardjury.com/|access-date=2021-04-03|website=www.awardjury.com}}</ref> * Design Excellence Award: 2018<ref>{{cite web|title=APDC*IDA Awards™|url=http://apdcida.com/jury/aidin-ardjomandi/|access-date=2021-04-03}}</ref> * Archstorming Design Competition: 2018<ref>{{cite web|title=RESIDENTIAL STADIUM - Architecture competition|url=https://www.archstorming.com/info-rsar.html|access-date=2021-04-03|website=ARCHSTORMING - ARCHITECTURE COMPETITIONS|language=en}}</ref> * Asia Design Prize: 2019<ref>{{cite web|date=2018-10-26|title=ASIA DESIGN PRIZE 2019|url=https://compe.japandesign.ne.jp/asia-design-prize-2019/|access-date=2021-04-03|website=コンテスト 公募 コンペ の[登竜門]|language=ja}}</ref> * LIT Award, USA, 2019: 2020<ref name="LIT Lighting Design Awards - Aidin Ardjomandi" /> * Design that Educates Award: 2019, 2020, 2021<ref>{{cite web|title=DESIGN EDUCATES AWARDS 2021|url=https://studentcompetitions.com/competitions/design-educates-awards-2021-5f71aab255972/|access-date=2021-04-03|website=studentcompetitions.com|language=en|archive-date=2020-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021074640/https://studentcompetitions.com/competitions/design-educates-awards-2021-5f71aab255972/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Azerbaijan Design Awards: 2020<ref>{{cite web|last=Award|first=Azerbaijan Design|title=Azerbaijan Design Award|url=http://azerbaijandesignaward.com/|access-date=2021-04-03|website=azerbaijandesignaward.com|language=en|archive-date=2020-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812131218/http://azerbaijandesignaward.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Industart Awards: 2019<ref>{{cite web|title=INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRIAL DESIGN AWARDS «INDUSTART» 60 participant countries, 7 nominations, 21 subnominations {{!}} JURY|url=https://industart.org/jury|access-date=2021-04-03|website=industart.org}}</ref> * Envent Design Challenge: 2019 * Ukrainian Design Awards: 2020<ref>{{cite web|title=Перші імена журі Ukrainian Design: The Very Best Of 2020|url=https://creative-awards.com.ua/news/ukr-design-jury-names-2020/|access-date=2021-04-03|website=creative-awards.com.ua|archive-date=2020-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929003325/https://creative-awards.com.ua/news/ukr-design-jury-names-2020/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * IDA: 2020<ref>{{cite web|title=Jury {{!}} IDA|url=https://idesignawards.com/jury/|access-date=2021-04-03|language=en-US}}</ref> * European Product Design Awards: 2020<ref name="European Product Design Awards™ - Aidin Ardjomandi"/> * Stevie Awards: 2020 == References == <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Ardjomandi, Aidin}} [[Category:1988 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:People from Tehran]] qorqj2t4kuyupvl57xl6lrvwkk9uqii 3 832899 10368462 7458259 2025-07-02T23:22:45Z Ferien 1011873 Notification: listing at [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] of [[Aidin Ardjomandi]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368462 wikitext text/x-wiki == Welcome! == Hello, '''Mrradmand''', and [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome]] to the '''Simple English Wikipedia'''! Thank you for [[Special:Contributions/Mrradmand|your changes]]. You may want to begin by reading these pages: * [[Help:Contents|Help]] * [[Wikipedia:Rules|Rules]] * [[Wikipedia:Useful|Links to useful pages]] * [[Wikipedia:How to write Simple English pages|How to write Simple English pages]] * [[Wikipedia:How to copy from another Wikipedia|How to copy from another Wikipedia]] For some ideas of pages to work on, read [[Wikipedia:Requested pages]] or the [[Wikipedia:Most wanted articles|list of wanted pages]]. You can [[Wikipedia:Be bold in updating pages|change any pages you want!]] Any changes you make can be seen right away. You can ask questions at [[Wikipedia:Simple talk]]. At the end of your messages on talk pages, please sign your name by clicking [[File:Insert-signature.png]] or using four [[tilde]]s <nowiki>(~~~~)</nowiki>; this will show your username and the date. If you need help just <span class="plainlinks">'''[http://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Mytalk&action=edit&section=new click here]'''</span> and type '''<nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki>''' and your question and someone will reply to you shortly. Good luck and happy changing! <!-- Template:Welcome --> --[[User:EVHOfficial|EVHOfficial]] ([[User talk:EVHOfficial|talk]]) 10:41, 3 April 2021 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Aidin Ardjomandi== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Aidin Ardjomandi]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Aidin Ardjomandi]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:22, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 0c65glph7fth7qeviurkvfjsmzc0c2r 0 833808 10368248 10359701 2025-07-02T20:48:29Z BlackJack 572554 Laws 10368248 wikitext text/x-wiki {{more sources|date=May 2025}} In [[cricket]], the '''wicket-keeper''' is a player in the [[fielding (cricket)|fielding]] team. The player's job is to guard the [[wicket]] which the [[batting (cricket)|batter]] is defending. Law 27 of ''[[The Laws of Cricket]]'' sets out the rules that apply to the wicket-keeper.<ref name="Law27">{{cite web |url=https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket-2d35b4b95a4a67ae8f9c76f258a84aa8/the-wicket-keeper |title=Law 27. The Wicket-keeper. |work=The Laws of Cricket |publisher=Marylebone Cricket Club |year=2017 |access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Cricket]] {{sports-stub}} kporisnwi0aek1598yoe6gpy4ytolmo 10368257 10368248 2025-07-02T20:59:52Z BlackJack 572554 gloves and leg pads 10368257 wikitext text/x-wiki {{more sources|date=May 2025}} In [[cricket]], the '''wicket-keeper''' is a player in the [[fielding (cricket)|fielding]] team. The player's job is to guard the [[wicket]] which the [[batting (cricket)|batter]] is defending. Law 27 of ''[[The Laws of Cricket]]'' sets out the rules that apply to the wicket-keeper.<ref name="Law27">{{cite web |url=https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket-2d35b4b95a4a67ae8f9c76f258a84aa8/the-wicket-keeper |title=Law 27. The Wicket-keeper. |work=The Laws of Cricket |publisher=Marylebone Cricket Club |year=2017 |access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref> The wicket-keeper is the only member of the fielding team permitted to wear gloves or external leg pads. The pads are the same as those worn by a batter, but the gloves are a different type, and Law 27 limits the amount of webbing they may have.<ref name="Law27"/> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Cricket]] {{sports-stub}} 4yuwabkrelpslibfu6kbxuyr2aain94 10368272 10368257 2025-07-02T21:13:58Z BlackJack 572554 Position and movement. 10368272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{more sources|date=May 2025}} In [[cricket]], the '''wicket-keeper''' (sometimes called the "keeper") is a player in the [[fielding (cricket)|fielding]] team. The keeper's job is to guard the [[wicket]] which the [[batting (cricket)|batter]] is defending. Law 27 of ''[[The Laws of Cricket]]'' sets out the rules that apply to the wicket-keeper.<ref name="Law27">{{cite web |url=https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket-2d35b4b95a4a67ae8f9c76f258a84aa8/the-wicket-keeper |title=Law 27. The Wicket-keeper. |work=The Laws of Cricket |publisher=Marylebone Cricket Club |year=2017 |access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref> The wicket-keeper is the only member of the fielding team permitted to wear gloves or external leg pads. The pads are the same as those worn by a batter, but the gloves are a different type, and Law 27 limits the amount of webbing they may have.<ref name="Law27"/> The wicket-keeper must not distract or obstruct the batter. Law 27 also outlines the rules which apply to the keeper's position on the field, and to the movements the player is allowed to make. ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Cricket]] {{sports-stub}} r405laanan01q60ct0bvdo7qh80qy7q 10368278 10368272 2025-07-02T21:18:18Z BlackJack 572554 must stay behind wicket 10368278 wikitext text/x-wiki {{more sources|date=May 2025}} In [[cricket]], the '''wicket-keeper''' (sometimes called the "keeper") is a player in the [[fielding (cricket)|fielding]] team. The keeper's job is to guard the [[wicket]] which the [[batting (cricket)|batter]] is defending. Law 27 of ''[[The Laws of Cricket]]'' sets out the rules that apply to the wicket-keeper.<ref name="Law27">{{cite web |url=https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket-2d35b4b95a4a67ae8f9c76f258a84aa8/the-wicket-keeper |title=Law 27. The Wicket-keeper. |work=The Laws of Cricket |publisher=Marylebone Cricket Club |year=2017 |access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref> The wicket-keeper is the only member of the fielding team permitted to wear gloves or external leg pads. The pads are the same as those worn by a batter, but the gloves are a different type, and Law 27 limits the amount of webbing they may have.<ref name="Law27"/> The wicket-keeper must not distract or obstruct the batter. Law 27 also outlines the rules which apply to the keeper's position on the field, and to the movements the player is allowed to make. Essentially, the keeper must remain behind the wicket until the ball reaches the batter or passes the wicket. ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Cricket]] {{sports-stub}} 7ktoqcetv54srey01k2optuwj8kqrzw 10368288 10368278 2025-07-02T21:31:37Z BlackJack 572554 Prevention of byes. 10368288 wikitext text/x-wiki {{more sources|date=May 2025}} In [[cricket]], the '''wicket-keeper''' (sometimes called the '''keeper''') is a player in the [[fielding (cricket)|fielding]] team. The keeper's job is to guard the [[wicket]] which the [[batting (cricket)|batter]] is defending. Law 27 of ''[[The Laws of Cricket]]'' sets out the rules that apply to the wicket-keeper.<ref name="Law27">{{cite web |url=https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket-2d35b4b95a4a67ae8f9c76f258a84aa8/the-wicket-keeper |title=Law 27. The Wicket-keeper. |work=The Laws of Cricket |publisher=Marylebone Cricket Club |year=2017 |access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref> The wicket-keeper is the only member of the fielding team permitted to wear gloves or external leg pads. The pads are the same as those worn by a batter, but the gloves are a different type, and Law 27 limits the amount of webbing they may have.<ref name="Law27"/> The wicket-keeper must not distract or obstruct the batter. Law 27 also outlines the rules which apply to the keeper's position on the field, and to the movements the player is allowed to make. Essentially, the keeper must remain behind the wicket until the ball reaches the batter or passes the wicket. The keeper can move, within certain limits, before the ball reaches the batter. For example, it is okay to move sideways if the ball is going past the stumps. One of the keeper's main tasks is to prevent byes, and he/she has to be in position to intercept a ball which passes the stumps as byes are extras in the batting team's total.<ref name="Law27"/> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Cricket]] {{sports-stub}} ed14y8evem6ur3k83148tybi54n57b5 10368295 10368288 2025-07-02T21:39:28Z BlackJack 572554 added image 10368295 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File%3ADhoni_behind_Stumps.jpg|right|thumb|[[MS Dhoni]] directly behind the wicket.]] In [[cricket]], the '''wicket-keeper''' (sometimes called the '''keeper''') is a player in the [[fielding (cricket)|fielding]] team. The keeper's job is to guard the [[wicket]] which the [[batting (cricket)|batter]] is defending. Law 27 of ''[[The Laws of Cricket]]'' sets out the rules that apply to the wicket-keeper.<ref name="Law27">{{cite web |url=https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket-2d35b4b95a4a67ae8f9c76f258a84aa8/the-wicket-keeper |title=Law 27. The Wicket-keeper. |work=The Laws of Cricket |publisher=Marylebone Cricket Club |year=2017 |access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref> The wicket-keeper is the only member of the fielding team permitted to wear gloves or external leg pads. The pads are the same as those worn by a batter, but the gloves are a different type, and Law 27 limits the amount of webbing they may have.<ref name="Law27"/> The wicket-keeper must not distract or obstruct the batter. Law 27 also outlines the rules which apply to the keeper's position on the field, and to the movements the player is allowed to make. Essentially, the keeper must remain behind the wicket until the ball reaches the batter or passes the wicket. The keeper can move, within certain limits, before the ball reaches the batter. For example, it is okay to move sideways if the ball is going past the stumps. One of the keeper's main tasks is to prevent byes, and he/she has to be in position to intercept a ball which passes the stumps as byes are extras in the batting team's total.<ref name="Law27"/> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Cricket]] {{sports-stub}} 8wcsekhmixxdu3zlpxzkmz2n9ddc6nw 0 835467 10368741 10323663 2025-07-03T02:26:09Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368741 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} [[File:Gynaecomastia.jpeg|thumb|Example of big male breasts.]] '''''Gynecomastia''''' is when the breast in [[Man|male]] [[human]]s are bigger than normal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Enlarged breasts in men (gynecomastia) - Symptoms and causes|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gynecomastia/symptoms-causes/syc-20351793|access-date=2021-04-15|website=Mayo Clinic|language=en}}</ref> It can happen to any male.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-06-26|title=What is gynaecomastia?|url=https://www.nhs.uk/common-health-questions/mens-health/what-is-gynaecomastia/|access-date=2021-04-15|website=nhs.uk|language=en}}</ref> == Types of gynecomastia == * True Gynecomastia / Glandular Hypertrophy * Pseudogynecomastia * Mixed<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gynecomastia Treatment Cost {{!}} Gynecomastia In Men {{!}} Male Boob Reduction|url=https://nirmiticosmeticcentre.com/gynecomastia-treatment-cost/|access-date=2022-07-27|website=Nirmiti|language=en-US}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * {{Commons category-inline|Gynecomastia}} {{Medical resources | ICD10 = {{ICD10|N|62||n|60}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|611.1}} | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 003165 | eMedicineSubj = | MeSH=D006177 }} {{Disorders of the breast}} [[Category:Andrology]] [[Category:Breast diseases]] [[Category:Endocrine diseases]] [[Category:Medical conditions related to obesity]] [[Category:Men's health]] rhoojf71scl8ys76i5p7hp5axhfywac 0 838186 10367952 9644304 2025-07-02T17:12:22Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10367952 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Almaz''' was a space program by the [[military]] of the [[Soviet Union]]. Its purpose was to spy on other countries using [[space station]]s. After some time, the program changed to using spy [[satellite]]s instead.<ref name="sg">{{cite web |last1=Sven |first1=Grahn |title=Almaz space stations |url=http://www.svengrahn.pp.se/histind/Almprog/almprog.htm |website=www.svengrahn.pp.se |access-date=28 April 2021}}</ref> Since it is hard to hide a space station, the Soviets tried to keep the program a secret another way. They pretended the stations were [[civilian]] and gave them names in the [[Salyut]] series. The Salyut stations (such as [[Salyut 1]]) were normally to learn about how to live in space. The Almaz program sent three stations to space, but the first failed. In the later years of the program, satellites were used instead since they are cheaper. == Space stations == The Almaz program sent three space stations to space. These were [[Salyut 2]], [[Salyut 3]], and [[Salyut 5]]. These had large [[space telescope]]s to spy on other countries. The [[Astronaut|cosmonauts]] on the station operated these and used [[camera]]s to record what they saw.<ref name="sg" /> The Salyut 3 station also had a large [[Gun|cannon]], which was test fired once.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/11/russian-television-reveals-another-secret-the-soviet-space-cannon/|title=Russian television reveals another secret: the Soviet space cannon|date=17 November 2015|publisher=Ars Technica|author=Sean Gallagher|access-date=28 April 2021}}</ref> == Satellites == In 1978, Almaz began to using spy satellites instead of space stations. Four were made as part of the program. These used [[radar]] to observe the ground instead of telescopes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Almaz-T spacecraft |url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/almazt.html |publisher=RussianSpaceWeb.com |access-date=30 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009023810/http://www.russianspaceweb.com/almazt.html |archive-date=9 October 2012 }}</ref> The first was Almaz-T which launched on 29 October 1986. The [[Proton (rocket family)|Proton rocket]] in launched on failed, and was destroyed by its [[Range safety|safety system]]. The next was Almaz-T2, which went to space on 25 July 1987 and stayed in space for two years. The third was Almaz-1 which launched on 3 March 1991 and stayed in space for 18 months. A fourth satellite (Almaz-2) was built but never sent to space. == Legacy == The design of the Almaz space stations continues to be used even today. The [[Zarya]] module of the [[International Space Station]] is based on it. And before that, the [[Kvant-1]] module of [[Mir]] was based on it.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mir Hardware Heritage|url=http://ston.jsc.nasa.gov/collections/TRS/_techrep/RP1357.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224205405/http://ston.jsc.nasa.gov/collections/TRS/_techrep/RP1357.pdf|archive-date=24 February 2009|publisher=NASA}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commons category|Almaz program}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110514000112/http://www.russianspaceweb.com/almaz.html The Almaz Program], ''RussianSpaceWeb.com'' *[https://web.archive.org/web/20101119184429/http://astronautix.com/project/almaz.htm Almaz], ''Encyclopedia Astronautica'' *[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/military/astrospies.html ''Astrospies''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001193839/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/military/astrospies.html |date=2018-10-01 }}, an episode of [[Nova (American TV series)|Nova]] covering the MOL and Almaz *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5aLguUjlbGU Inside a Soviet Spy Station], NOVA Short [[Category:Human spaceflight programs]] [[Category:Space stations]] [[Category:Soviet spacecraft]] [[Category:Espionage]] 9upxlug3imi4kxwwaxe32cv3ai3sr2o 0 840468 10368450 8086421 2025-07-02T23:13:35Z Ferien 1011873 Nominated for deletion; see [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Weekend Top 30]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368450 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|appears to fail [[WP:GNG]].}} '''The Weekend Top 30''' (also called The WT30 Countdown or Hollywood Hamilton's Weekend Top 30) is a [[syndicated]] [[radio]] program. The Weekend Top 30 was created by Sean Hamilton in 1997 and was hosted by Sean Hamilton until his retirement in 2021. Sean Hollywood Hamilton was heard over a hundred and twenty radio stations worldwide every weekend, including [[Asia]]. The three shows Have ended production and distribution the weekend of June 26-27, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sean 'Hollywood' Hamilton To Retire Syndicated Countdown Shows|url=https://radioinsight.com/headlines/208396/sean-hollywood-hamilton-to-retire-syndicated-countdown-shows/|access-date=2021-05-20|website=RadioInsight|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Spinoffs== There were two versions that have been launch a rhythmic (Chr) and dance formats. The rhythmic (Chr) version hosted by Dj Pup Dawg, mainly focused on [[hip hop]] and [[Rhythm and blues|R&B]], also some [[dance music]]. Despite the end of syndication, the rhythmic version continues to be broadcast both on radio and on the music streaming service [[:w:Mixcloud|Mixcloud]] under the name ''DJ Pup Dawg’s Top 30 Countdown''. The Remix Top 30 played the same songs that were on The WT 30 (Chr) version but they were remixed, both The Weekend Top 30 (Chr) version and The Remix Top 30 is hosted by Sean Hamilton. == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Weekend Top 30, The}} [[Category:Radio programs]] g9k6syukmh6s1vofr486v28l6scg04k 0 841762 10367866 10277263 2025-07-02T16:13:38Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ CA-EN 10367866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{More sources|date=May 2021}} {{Use mdy dates|date=September 2017}} {{Infobox television | image = | caption = | alt_name = | genre = {{Plainlist | * [[Adventure fiction|Adventure]] * [[Fantasy]] * [[Animated Series|Animated]] * [[Action fiction|Action]] * [[Comedy horror|Comedy-horror]] }} | creator = {{Plainlist | * Eric Jacobson * Betsy McGowen }} | based_on = | developer = {{Plainlist | * Meghan Davies * Shelley Hoffman * Robert Pincome }} | writer = | director = | creative_director = | presenter = | starring = | judges = | voices = {{Plainlist | * [[Scott McCord]] * [[Melissa Altro]] * [[Darren Frost]] * [[Seychelle Gabriel]] * [[Carter Hayden]] * Cliff Saunders * [[Adrian Truss]] * [[Jonathan Wilson (actor)|Jonathan Wilson]] * [[Bryn McAuley]] }} | narrated = | theme_music_composer = | opentheme = "'''Camp Lakebottom Theme song'''" by Terry Tompkins and [[Scott McCord]] | endtheme = | composer = {{Plainlist | * Asher Lenz * Stephen Skratt }} | country = Canada | language = {{Plainlist | * English }} | num_seasons = 3<!-- increment when new season begins --> | num_episodes = 128<!-- increment when new episode airs --> | list_episodes = List of Camp Lakebottom episodes | executive_producer = {{Plainlist | * Eric Jacobson * Betsy McGowen * Kevin Gilles * Vince Commisso * Steve Jarosz }} | producer = <small>'''For Jam Filled Entertainment:'''</small> Kyle McDougall | location = | cinematography = | editor = | camera = | runtime = 22&nbsp;minutes (11&nbsp;minutes per short) | company = {{Plainlist | * Skywriter Media & Entertainment Group * [[Jam Filled Entertainment]] (season 1) * [[9 Story Media Group]] }} | first_aired = {{Start date|2013|07|04}} | last_aired = {{End date|2017|07|24}} <!-- needs an official announcement or reliable secondary source or one year since last episode aired to show other than present here. --> | related = | channel = [[Teletoon]] }} '''''Camp Lakebottom''''' is a Canadian animated series produced by 9 Story Media Group<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.9story.com/Shows/CampLakebottom |title=9 Story Show details - Camp Lakebottom |publisher=9story.com |access-date=2013-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103090742/http://www.9story.com/Shows/CampLakebottom |archive-date=November 3, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> that premiered on [[Teletoon]] in Canada on July 4, 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.9story.com/News/NewsDetail?newsID=435|title=TELETOON dives into summer with new original series CAMP LAKEBOTTOM|publisher=9 Story Entertainment|date=June 19, 2013|access-date=November 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102170934/http://www.9story.com/News/NewsDetail?newsID=435|archive-date=November 2, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> and on [[Disney XD]] in the United States on July 13, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2013/06/13/disney-xd-zooms-into-a-non-stop-summer-beginning-monday-june-17-433311/20130613disneyxd01/|title=Disney XD Zooms Into a "Non-Stop Summer" Beginning Monday, June 17|publisher=[[The Futon Critic]]|date=June 13, 2013|access-date=November 2, 2014}}</ref> The series airs on Disney Channels worldwide (except [[Portugal]], where it instead airs on Biggs and RTP2, and [[Southeast Asia]]), as well as ABC in Australia.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wolfe|first1=Jennifer|title=Disney XD Picks Up Season Two of 'Camp Lakebottom'|url=http://www.awn.com/news/disney-xd-picks-season-two-camp-lakebottom|website=awn.com|publisher=Animation World Network|access-date=November 3, 2014|date=June 23, 2014}}</ref> By April 2014, Teletoon had renewed the show for a second season of another 26 episodes,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/9-story-gets-season-two-order-for-camp-lakebottom/ |title=9 Story Gets Season Two Order for 'Camp Lakebottom' |work=[[Animation Magazine]] |publisher=Animation Magazine |date=April 7, 2014 |archive-date=2014-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413163348/http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/9-story-gets-season-two-order-for-camp-lakebottom/ |url-status=live |first=Mercedes |last=Milligan }}</ref> which aired from 2015 to 2016. A third season began airing on July 3, 2017. The show aired its series finale on July 24, 2017. The series theme song was performed by Terry Tompkins and Scott McCord. ==Plot== Three 12-year-old kids, McGee, Gretchen and Squirt board are sent to the wrong summer camp bus and have all sorts of adventures in a camp called Camp Lakebottom, while trying to protect the camp from McGee's nemesis Jordan Buttsquat at Camp Sunny Smiles. ==Characters== * '''McGee''' (voiced by [[Scott McCord]]): Described as being a 12-year-old daredevil and mastermind, McGee is a thrill seeker whose curiosity often leads him to act before he thinks. He has an utter inability to recognize impending danger, combined with a habit of ignoring the counselors' warnings, and as a result constantly gets himself and his friends into trouble, but it is his eager mind which always gets them back out as well. This has led him to developing the catchphrase "Should've thought that through." Out of all of the campers he is the most intrigued and tolerant of Camp Lakebottom, being fascinated by all of its potential sources of fun and adventure. He is a self-proclaimed master of pranks, as revealed in "Pranks for Nothing", but his pranks are actually quite lame. His nemesis is Buttsquat.<ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710011153/http://www.teletoon.com/node/1252 |title=Mc Gee |website=teletoon.com |archive-date=10 July 2017 |url=http://www.teletoon.com/node/1252 |quote=Mc Gee's constant obsession, is to Prank the camp across the lake, Camp Sunnysmiles, and his arch nemeses Buttsquatt . |date=2014}}</ref> * '''Gretchen'''<ref>{{cite episode |series=Camp Lakebottom |title=Ring Around the Gretchen}}</ref> (voiced by [[Melissa Altro]]): She is a girl who is described as being anything but "sugary sweet"; she is sardonic and indifferent about everything as well as a [[tomboy]]. Her lack of enthusiasm is made up with her sharp, critical tongue. With a black belt in karate, and an intolerance toward wrongdoing, Gretchen is not a girl to mess with. Her nemesis is Suzi.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.teletoon.com/node/1248 |title=Gretchen |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710021800/http://www.teletoon.com/node/1248 |website=teletoon.com |archive-date=10 July 2017 |date=2014 |quote=Her nemesis is McGees sister, Suzi! After being runner up at a beauty pageant Gretchen has a grudge against Suzi .}}</ref> However underneath the tough exterior she has a huge heart, and secretly wishes she could be like any normal girl (though she would never ever reveal this). Her catchphrase is "Ya think?!" usually said to McGee when a plan has gone away and he points out the obvious. She is revealed to have a severe phobia of chipmunks in "Cheeks of Dread". Her dad calls her "Gretchikins" and her mom calls her "Gretchywetchy". Gretchen is nicknamed "The Gretch" and her parents have the surname Gritcherson.<ref>{{cite episode |series=Camp Lakebottom |title=Meet the Gretch's Parents |minutes=7 |quote=I told you the Gritchersons could handle fanboy-Armand.}}</ref> * '''Squirt''' (voiced by [[Darren Frost]]): McGee's best friend. A dimwitted simpleton in his own right, he is always cheerful, and a friend to all living things, even if they're trying to kill him. He has befriended just about every monster ever to set foot in Camp Lakebottom. While his omnibenevolence sometimes comes in handy in dealing with the monsters that constantly appear, his extreme lack of intelligence often makes him susceptible to control from several villains, the most prominent example being "Mindsuckers From the Depths" where an evil, giant leech attaches to his head and mind-controls him. In "Late Afternoon of the Living Gitch" it's revealed he has worn the same pair of underwear all his life. * '''Sawyer''' (voiced by Cliff Saunders): A lovable [[Zombie]], with a multipurpose tool taking the place of his left hand, which is frequently a chainsaw. He is one of the camp's counselors, and the one who usually accompanies the kids on their adventures. As a zombie, his head and limbs constantly fall off, but can be reattached. He has distanced himself from the stereotype that zombies are mindless monsters who hunger for brains and has revealed that he has a heart (quite literally as he takes it out of his chest), he has vowed to look after the human campers, and often acts as a grandfatherly figure to them. He serves as the camp's handy man, and has constructed bizarre inventions over the course of the series, including a [[Frankenstein's Monster]] in "Frankenfixer". In "Zombie Dearest" Sawyer is revealed to have a zombie mother who acts like a stereotypical brain eating zombie, who Sawyer abandoned out of defiance to her habits. * '''Armand''' (voiced by [[Adrian Truss]]): A [[sasquatch]] with a passion for the performing arts, and dreams of becoming an actor. He is another one of the camp's counselors. While he is usually very kind, easygoing, and quite difficult to anger, the rare instances in which he has, have proven to be dangerous to everyone's safety. The episode "Marshmallow Madness" reveals that he has a severe addiction to marshmallows; he will be driven into an unstoppable, hunger-filled rage if he is ever close to the delicacies. * '''Rosebud''' (voiced by [[Jonathan Wilson (actor)|Jonathan Wilson]]): A short, bitter woman who resembles a serial killer with a German accent, who serves as the camp's cook and the final counselor. She takes pride in her cooking; however, her meals are not only inedible, but frequently threaten the lives of the campers. She is known to use whatever foul things she manages to find as ingredients in her meals. Squirt appears to be the only one who enjoys her cooking. She is the strictest counselor, and is least tolerant of McGee's antics, however underneath it all she means well. It was also revealed back in her younger days, Rosebud used to be an infamous monster hunter for S.M.A.C.K (Society of Monster Annihilation and Creature Kicking) but gave it up after her love for cooking when she met Sawyer and Armand when she was tasked for destroying all monsters in Lakebottom. * '''Jordan Buttsquat''' (voiced by [[Carter Hayden]]): Buttsquat is the spoiled-rich son of the owner of "Camp Sunny Smiles" (Lakebottom's rival camp) and McGee's nemesis. He serves as the main antagonist of the series, constantly going to Camp Lakebottom in attempt to wreck the rival camp, or to mock the Bottom Dwellers' poor living conditions by showing off some new, fancy, high-tech item available at his camp. However Buttsquat is severely lacking in the intellectual department and McGee is able to outsmart him every time, which will lead him to say the reoccurring catchphrase "I will have revenge." McGee has saved Buttsquat's life on the many occasions his nemesis has been threatened by the various monsters, but he never displays gratitude afterwards. * '''Suzi''' (voiced by [[Bryn McAuley]]): McGee's older sister, who is a pageant queen, and became queen of "Sunny Smiles" on her first day. She is Gretchen's nemesis, who has held a grudge against her ever since she beat Gretchen in a [[beauty pageant]] contest. She has a crush on Buttsquat, and often accompanies him in his schemes to thwart Lakebottom. She always refers to McGee as "Baby Bruv", and while the two siblings sometimes bicker, they are usually shown to care for each other. Despite having less evil intent than Buttsquat, there are several occasions where she has posed as a far bigger threat and danger to everyone's safety, as she has a tendency to get entangled by one of the supernatural monsters or phenomena that have appeared. Examples of this include: "Stage Fright" where she uses [[Theatrical superstitions|stage bad luck]] and inadvertently summons an evil spirit which possesses her and nearly destroys Lake Bottom. Another example is "28 Suzis Later" where she is cloned by a mystical mud, causing the camp to be overrun by Suzi clones. * '''Slimey''' is a gigantic octopus like creature who lives in the lake, and the most frequent appearing reoccurring character in the series. While he terrified the campers on their first appearance by grabbing them and tossing them in the air, it's revealed he actually wants to play with them. He later becomes quite good friends with the campers, especially Squirt, and will often provide them with fun by tossing them into the air when they're swimming so that they can dive. He obeys any of the counselors, and will quite often aid the campers during their adventures involving the lake. Only his tentacles are shown, so it is unknown what his body looks like. ==Episodes== {{main|List of Camp Lakebottom episodes}} {{:List of Camp Lakebottom episodes}} == References == <references /> ==Other websites== {{Wikiquote}} * {{IMDb title|tt2492366|Camp Lakebottom}} * {{Official website| http://disneyxd.disney.com/camp-lakebottom | Disney Official Website}} * {{cite web| url = http://www.teletoon.com/en/tv/campLakebottom | title = Teletoon Official Website |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170512180603/http://www.teletoon.com/en/tv/campLakebottom |archivedate = 2017-05-12 }} [[Category:2013 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2017 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:Canadian English-language television shows]] fshuw33plxojoypxwc7s9fayptrxx8g 0 842360 10368234 10214901 2025-07-02T20:38:22Z Ferien 1011873 coords 10368234 wikitext text/x-wiki {{onesource|date=April 2025}} {{Infobox settlement <!--more fields are available for this Infobox--See Template:Infobox Settlement--> | name = Sopron District | timezone = | population_density_km2 = 114 | population_rank = [[Győr-Moson-Sopron County#Regional structure|2nd in Győr-Moson-Sopron]] | population_total = 98,841 | population_as_of = 2011 census | population_footnotes = | area_rank = [[Győr-Moson-Sopron County#Regional structure|3rd in Győr-Moson-Sopron]] | area_total_km2 = 867.75 | area_footnotes = | coordinates = | utc_offset_DST = | timezone_DST = | utc_offset = | seat = [[Sopron]] | native_name = <small>''Soproni járás''</small> | seat_type = District seat | subdivision_name1 = [[Győr-Moson-Sopron County|Győr-Moson-Sopron]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Counties of Hungary|County]] | subdivision_name = {{HUN}} | subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] | map_caption = Sopron District within Hungary and Győr-Moson-Sopron County. | image_map = Soproni járás.png | blank_emblem_type = Coat of arms | image_blank_emblem = Coa Hungary Town Sopron.svg | image_flag = HUN Sopron Flag.svg | settlement_type = [[Districts of Hungary]] | native_name_lang = hu | website = }} The '''Sopron District''' ({{lang-hu|Soproni járás}}; {{lang-de|Kreis Ödenburg}}) is a [[district]] in the western part of [[Győr-Moson-Sopron County]]. ''[[Sopron]]'' is also the name of the district seat in the Sopron District. The Sopron District is located in [[Western Transdanubia]]. == Municipalities == The district has '''1''' [[Town with county rights|urban county]], '''2''' [[List of cities and towns of Hungary|towns]], '''1''' large village and '''35''' villages. (ordered by population, as of 1 January 2012)<ref>[http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/hnk/hnk_2012.xls A KSH 2012. évi helységnévkönyve]</ref> {{columns-list|*[[Agyagosszergény]] (882) *[[Ágfalva]] (2,178) *[[Csapod]] (523) *[[Csáfordjánosfa]] (209) *[[Csér]] (33) *[[Ebergőc]] (157) *[[Egyházasfalu]] (838) *[[Fertőboz]] (258) *'''[[Fertőd]]''' (3,461) *[[Fertőendréd]] (589) *[[Fertőhomok]] (638) *[[Fertőrákos]] (2,144) *'''[[Fertőszentmiklós]]''' (3,891) *[[Fertőszéplak]] (1,318) *[[Gyalóka]] (63) *[[Harka]] (1,919) *[[Hegykő]] (1,405) *[[Hidegség]] (383) *[[Iván (Hungary)|Iván]] (1,269) *[[Kópháza]] (2,096) *[[Lövő]] (1,443) *''[[Nagycenk]]'' (1,957) *[[Nagylózs]] (1,041) *[[Nemeskér]] (213) *[[Pereszteg]] (1,405) *[[Petőháza]] (1,058) *[[Pinnye]] (321) *[[Pusztacsalád]] (246) *[[Répcevis]] (334) *[[Röjtökmuzsaj]] (445) *[[Sarród]] (1,175) *'''[[Sopron]]''' (61,390) – district seat *[[Sopronhorpács]] (824) *[[Sopronkövesd]] (1,188) *[[Szakony]] (400) *[[Und, Hungary|Und]] (315) *[[Újkér]] (977) *[[Völcsej]] (387) *[[Zsira]] (782)|colwidth=30em}} The '''bolded''' municipalities are cities, ''italics'' municipality is large village. == Related pages == * [[List of cities and towns in Hungary]] == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == * [http://www.iranyitoszamnavigator.hu/soproni-jaras-telepulesei Postal codes of the Sopron District] {{Sopron District}} {{Districts of Győr-Moson-Sopron County}} {{Coord|47.68461812942423|16.590397763554474|display=title}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Districts in Győr-Moson-Sopron County]] lmob1henvf76d4budahmvadjhvj8v2p 0 842377 10368233 7528498 2025-07-02T20:37:37Z Ferien 1011873 coords 10368233 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--more fields are available for this Infobox--See Template:Infobox Settlement--> | name = Tét District | timezone = | population_density_km2 = 52 | population_rank = [[Győr-Moson-Sopron County#Regional structure|7th in Győr-Moson-Sopron]] | population_total = 14,414 | population_as_of = 2011 census | population_footnotes = | area_rank = [[Győr-Moson-Sopron County#Regional structure|7th in Győr-Moson-Sopron]] | area_total_km2 = 272.62 | area_footnotes = | coordinates = {{Coord|47.5160|17.5166|display=inline,title}} | utc_offset_DST = | timezone_DST = | utc_offset = | seat = [[Tét]] | native_name = <small>''Téti járás''</small> | seat_type = District seat | subdivision_name1 = [[Győr-Moson-Sopron County|Győr-Moson-Sopron]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Counties of Hungary|County]] | subdivision_name = {{HUN}} | subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] | map_caption = Tét District within Hungary and Győr-Moson-Sopron County. | image_map = Téti járás.png | blank_emblem_type = Coat of arms | image_blank_emblem = HUN Tét Címer.svg | image_flag = | settlement_type = [[Districts of Hungary]] | native_name_lang = hu | website = }} The '''Tét District''' ({{lang-hu|Téti járás}}) is a [[district]] in the southern part of [[Győr-Moson-Sopron County]]. ''[[Tét]]'' is also the name of the district seat in the Tét District. The Tét District is located in [[Western Transdanubia]]. == Municipalities == The district has '''1''' [[List of cities and towns of Hungary|town]] and '''13''' villages. (ordered by population, as of 1 January 2012)<ref>[http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/hnk/hnk_2012.xls A KSH 2012. évi helységnévkönyve]</ref> {{columns-list|colwidth=30em|*[[Árpás]] (245) *[[Csikvánd]] (454) *[[Felpéc]] (847) *[[Gyarmat]] (1,204) *[[Gyömöre]] (1,254) *[[Győrszemere]] (3,209) *[[Kisbabot]] (205) *[[Mérges]] (75) *[[Mórichida]] (807) *[[Rábacsécsény]] (602) *[[Rábaszentmihály]] (479) *[[Rábaszentmiklós]] (127) *[[Szerecseny]] (776) *'''[[Tét]]''' (3,877) – district seat}} The '''bolded''' municipality is the city. == Related pages == * [[List of cities and towns in Hungary]] == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == * [http://www.iranyitoszamnavigator.hu/teti-jaras-telepulesei Postal codes of the Tét District] {{Tét District}} {{Districts of Győr-Moson-Sopron County}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tet District}} [[Category:Districts in Győr-Moson-Sopron County]] 2u2zix4nuhi7tud38beoa2eg5azyfo0 0 842550 10368239 7582151 2025-07-02T20:42:14Z Ferien 1011873 coords 10368239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--more fields are available for this Infobox--See Template:Infobox Settlement--> | name = Székesfehérvár District | timezone = | population_density_km2 = 152 | population_rank = [[Fejér County#Regional structure|1st in Fejér]] | population_total = 156,935 | population_as_of = 2011 census | population_footnotes = | area_rank = [[Fejér County#Regional structure|1st in Fejér]] | area_total_km2 = 1,032.05 | area_footnotes = | coordinates = {{Coord|47.19|18.41|display=inline,title}} | utc_offset_DST = | timezone_DST = | utc_offset = | seat = [[Székesfehérvár]] | native_name = <small>''Székesfehérvári járás''</small> | seat_type = District seat | subdivision_name1 = [[Fejér County|Fejér]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Counties of Hungary|County]] | subdivision_name = {{HUN}} | subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] | map_caption = Székesfehérvár District within Hungary and Fejér County. | image_map = Székesfehérvári járás.png | blank_emblem_type = Coat of arms | image_blank_emblem = HUN Székesfehérvár Címer.svg | image_flag = Flag of Székesfehérvár.svg | settlement_type = [[Districts of Hungary]] | native_name_lang = hu | website = }} The '''Székesfehérvár District''' ({{lang-hu|Székesfehérvári járás}}) is a [[district]] in central-western part of [[Fejér County]]. ''[[Székesfehérvár]]'' is also the name of the district seat in the Székesfehérvár District. The Székesfehérvár District is located in [[Central Transdanubia]]. == Municipalities == The district has '''1''' [[Town with county rights|urban county]], '''2''' [[List of cities and towns of Hungary|towns]], '''4''' large villages and '''18''' villages. (ordered by population, as of 1 January 2012)<ref name="ksh">{{cite web|title=A KSH 2012. évi helységnévkönyve|url=http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/hnk/hnk_2012.xls|access-date=2017-10-27|website=ksh.hu}}</ref> {{columns-list|*'''[[Aba, Hungary|Aba]]''' (4,619) *[[Bakonykúti]] (134) *[[Csór]] (1,832) *[[Csősz]] (1,044) *[[Füle]] (834) – {{small|''from ([[Polgárdi District]]) 01.01.2015''}} *[[Iszkaszentgyörgy]] (2,032) *[[Jenő (village)|Jenő]] (1,329) – {{small|''from ([[Polgárdi District]]) 01.01.2015''}} *[[Káloz]] (2,402) *[[Kőszárhegy]] (1,620) – {{small|''from ([[Polgárdi District]]) 01.01.2015''}} *[[Lovasberény]] (2,669) *[[Moha, Hungary|Moha]] (549) *[[Nádasdladány]] (1,749) – {{small|''from ([[Polgárdi District]]) 01.01.2015''}} *[[Pátka]] (1,628) *'''[[Polgárdi]]''' (6,964) – {{small|''from ([[Polgárdi District]]) 01.01.2015''}} *[[Sárkeresztes]] (1,484) *[[Sárkeszi]] (611) *''[[Sárosd]]'' (3,325) *[[Sárszentmihály]] (3,062) *''[[Seregélyes]]'' (4,560) *''[[Soponya]]'' (2,010) *''[[Szabadbattyán]]'' (4,525) *'''[[Székesfehérvár]]''' (101,722) – district and county seat *[[Tác]] (1,649) *[[Úrhida]] (2,366) *[[Zámoly]] (2,216)|colwidth=30em}} The '''bolded''' municipalities are cities, ''italics'' municipalities are large villages. == Related pages == * [[List of cities and towns in Hungary]] == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == * [http://www.iranyitoszamnavigator.hu/szekesfehervari-jaras-telepulesei Postal codes of the Székesfehérvár District] {{Székesfehérvár District}} {{Districts of Fejér County}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Szekesfehervar District}} [[Category:Districts in Fejér County]] rz3kfx7ruovobyodneaiuw5xtut50ps 0 842568 10368235 7582264 2025-07-02T20:39:11Z Ferien 1011873 coords 10368235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--more fields are available for this Infobox--See Template:Infobox Settlement--> | name = Tamási District | timezone = | population_density_km2 = 38 | population_rank = [[Tolna County#Regional structure|3rd in Tolna]] | population_total = 38,705 | population_as_of = 2011 census | population_footnotes = | area_rank = [[Tolna County#Regional structure|1st in Tolna]] | area_total_km2 = 1,019.94 | area_footnotes = | coordinates = {{Coord|46.633353632143084|18.283819316294867|display=title}} | utc_offset_DST = | timezone_DST = | utc_offset = | seat = [[Tamási]] | native_name = <small>''Tamási járás''</small> | seat_type = District seat | subdivision_name1 = [[Tolna County|Tolna]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Counties of Hungary|County]] | subdivision_name = {{HUN}} | subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] | map_caption = Tamási District within Hungary and Tolna County. | image_map = Tamási járás.png | blank_emblem_type = Coat of arms | image_blank_emblem = HUN Tamási Címer.svg | image_flag = | settlement_type = [[Districts of Hungary]] | native_name_lang = hu | website = }} The '''Tamási District''' ({{lang-hu|Tamási járás}}) is a [[district]] in north-western part of [[Tolna County]]. ''[[Tamási]]'' is also the name of the district seat in the Tàmasi District. The Tamási District is located in [[Southern Transdanubia]]. == Municipalities == The district has '''3''' [[List of cities and towns of Hungary|towns]], '''2''' large villages and '''27''' villages. (ordered by population, as of 1 January 2013)<ref name="ksh">{{cite web|title=A KSH 2013. évi helységnévkönyve|url=http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/hnk/hnk_2013.xls|access-date=2018-01-23|website=ksh.hu}}</ref> {{columns-list|*[[Belecska]] (388) *[[Diósberény]] (346) *[[Dúzs]] (258) *[[Értény]] (803) *[[Felsőnyék]] (1,029) *[[Fürged]] (726) *'''[[Gyönk]]''' (2,091) *''[[Hőgyész]]'' (2,904) *[[Iregszemcse]] (2,692) *[[Kalaznó]] (145) *[[Keszőhidegkút]] (207) *[[Kisszékely]] (324) *[[Koppányszántó]] (326) *[[Magyarkeszi]] (1,278) *[[Miszla]] (292) *[[Mucsi]] (448) *[[Nagykónyi]] (1,144) *[[Nagyszékely]] (401) *[[Nagyszokoly]] (910) *[[Ozora]] (1,620) *[[Pári]] (631) *''[[Pincehely]]'' (2,288) *[[Regöly]] (1,175) *'''[[Simontornya]]''' (4,128) *[[Szakadát]] (227) *[[Szakály (village)|Szakály]] (1,387) *[[Szárazd]] (234) *'''[[Tamási]]''' (8,345) – district seat *[[Tolnanémedi]] (1,052) *[[Udvari]] (357) *[[Újireg]] (279) *[[Varsád]] (360)|colwidth=30em}} The '''bolded''' municipalities are cities, ''italics'' municipalities are large villages. == Related pages == * [[List of cities and towns in Hungary]] == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == * [http://www.iranyitoszamnavigator.hu/tamasi-jaras-telepulesei Postal codes of the Tamási District] {{Tamási District}} {{Districts of Tolna County}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tamasi District}} [[Category:Districts in Tolna County]] ti3tmn1tbzmpyb3eqvutsky4ee54h6i 0 842967 10369015 10214056 2025-07-03T05:46:40Z Julipero 1604351 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:1|1|0 */ 10369015 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gelsey Kirkland''' (born December 29, 1952) is an American [[ballerina]]. She was born in [[Bethlehem, Pennsylvania]]. Kirkland joined the [[New York City Ballet]] in 1968 at age 15. She was promoted to soloist in 1969, and principal in 1972. She went on to create leading roles in many of the great twentieth century ballets by Balanchine, [[Jerome Robbins]], and [[Antony Tudor]]. She appeared in Balanchine's revival of ''[[The Firebird]]'', Robbins' ''[[Goldberg Variations]]'', and Tudor's ''The Leaves are Fading''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,919577-5,00.html|author=Paul Gray|title=Dance: U.S. Ballet Soars|work=Time|date=May 1, 1978|access-date=June 25, 2008|archive-date=April 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402154834/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,919577-5,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> She left the [[New York City]] Ballet to join the American Ballet Theatre in 1974. She is best known for dancing the role of Clara Stahlbaum in Baryshnikov's 1977 televised production of ''[[The Nutcracker]]''. She left the [[American Ballet Theatre]] in 1984. ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kirkland, Gelsey}} [[Category:1952 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American dancers]] [[Category:Entertainers from Pennsylvania]] [[Category:People from Bethlehem, Pennsylvania]] [[Category:People with anorexia]] {{US-bio-stub}} {{authority control}} 903gk5ami3mmkuykuqbq7ysnvv86gwu 0 845300 10368126 9659935 2025-07-02T19:25:20Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ GB-EN 10368126 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}} {{Infobox television | genre = [[Comedy]]<br>[[Clip show]] | starring = [[Chuckle Brothers|The Chuckle Brothers]] | country = United Kingdom | language = English | num_series = 1 | num_episodes = 6 (12 originally commissioned) | list_episodes = | producer = Robert Katz | executive_producer = Graham Stuart | runtime = 60 minutes <small>(including adverts)</small> | company = [[So Television]] | network = [[Channel 5 (UK)|Channel 5]] [[1080i]] | first_aired = {{Start date|2018|06|16|df=yes}} | last_aired = {{End date|2018|08|05|df=yes}} }} '''''Chuckle Time''''' is a [[Television in the United Kingdom|British]] television series which was shown on [[Channel 5 (UK)|Channel 5]] in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Moore|first1=Sam|title=The Chuckle Brothers are getting a new TV show, because of course they are|url=http://metro.co.uk/2018/04/26/the-chuckle-brothers-are-getting-a-new-tv-show-because-of-course-they-are-7499474/|website=www.metro.co.uk|access-date=7 May 2018|date=26 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Chuckle Brothers to make TV comeback with new Channel 5 comedy series|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/tv/2018-04-26/chuckle-brothers-channel-5-new-show-chucklevision/|website=Radio Times|access-date=6 May 2018|language=en}}</ref> Barry and Paul Elliott, who are [[Chuckle Brothers|The Chuckle Brothers]], hosted the series.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Doré|first1=Louis|title=Chuckle Brothers to return to television this summer with new Channel 5 series|url=https://inews.co.uk/culture/television/chuckle-brothers-return-television-tv-series-channel-5-chuckle-time/|website=www.inews.co.uk|access-date=6 May 2018}}</ref> As with ''[[You've Been Framed!]]'', ''[[America's Funniest Home Videos]]'' and ''[[Australia's Funniest Home Videos|Australia's Funniest Home Video Show]]'', videos could be uploaded to be shown on it. Official press releases said it is "fails, flops, and funnies” The Chuckle Brothers watch and react to. They performed sketches between the videos.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Houghton|first1=Rianne|title=Chuckle Brothers get their own Saturday evening TV show|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/tv/news/a855665/chuckle-brothers-new-tv-show-chuckle-time-channel-5/|website=www.digitalspy.com|access-date=7 May 2018|language=en|date=26 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Chuckle Brothers to make TV comeback|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-43907917|website=BBC News|access-date=6 May 2018|date=26 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=So Television - Current Productions, So TV, Graham Norton, TV Production London, BAFTA Awards|url=http://www.sotelevision.co.uk/productions.html|website=www.sotelevision.co.uk|access-date=7 May 2018|archive-date=7 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507154053/http://www.sotelevision.co.uk/productions.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Chuckle Brothers back in vision with Channel 5 show|url=http://www.irishnews.com/magazine/entertainment/2018/04/26/news/chuckle-brothers-back-in-vision-with-channel-5-show-1314766/|website=www.irishnews.com|access-date=7 May 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Sporn|first1=Natasha|title=Chuckle Brothers returning to TV with brand new teatime Channel 5 show|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/stayingin/tvfilm/chuckle-brothers-returning-to-tv-with-brand-new-teatime-channel-5-show-a3824416.html|website=www.standard.co.uk|access-date=7 May 2018}}</ref> It was their last television series together. ==Broadcast and cancellation== 12 episodes were to be shown, but 6 were because Barry Elliott suddenly died on 5 August 2018, when he was 73 years old. The last episode was shown in tribute to him. It is not known if more episodes were recorded, but it was later said he had to stop filming part-way because be became ill.<ref>{{cite web |title=Entertainer Barry Chuckle dies at 73 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-45074955 |website=BBC News |access-date=5 August 2018 |date=5 August 2018}}</ref> ==Transmissions== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- ! Series !! Start date !! End date !! Episodes |- | '''1''' || 16 June 2018 || 5 August 2018 || 6 |} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{British Comedy Guide|tv|chuckle_time|title=Chuckle Time}} [[Category:British English-language television programmes]] [[Category:2010s British comedy television series]] [[Category:2018 British television series debuts]] [[Category:2018 British television series endings]] evawzita7jmceyffwki3grvhtyyaswz 3 846112 10368452 7638545 2025-07-02T23:13:35Z Ferien 1011873 Notification: listing at [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] of [[The Weekend Top 30]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368452 wikitext text/x-wiki ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of The Weekend Top 30== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:The Weekend Top 30]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Weekend Top 30]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:13, 2 July 2025 (UTC) b0an5k7qwqxvp72npeonqta7egrwy34 0 850696 10367988 10365828 2025-07-02T17:40:13Z Ferien 1011873 Reverted [[WP:AGF|good faith]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/Irzthepwnz0r|Irzthepwnz0r]] ([[User talk:Irzthepwnz0r|talk]]): Breakfast in most cases. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367988 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:-2019-07-30 Streaky bacon, fried egg on toast, Cromer (1).JPG|thumb|[[Bacon]] and [[Egg (food)|eggs]] with toast]] [[File:Bacon and eggs 001.jpg|thumb|Fried eggs with bacon at home]] '''Bacon and eggs''' is a [[breakfast]] meal. It is commonly eaten in cultures with [[Anglo-Saxon]] influence. It is a high-energy breakfast. The term "full breakfast" in the UK is taken to mean, or include, bacon & eggs. Other terms in the UK are "fry-up" and "full English" (Scottish, Welsh, Irish...). Sautéed field [[mushrooms]] (''Agaricus campestris'') are also sometimes included.<ref name="barrystea">[http://store.barrys-tea.com/articles/full_irish_breakfast.html Traditional Irish Breakfast recipe] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707213056/http://store.barrys-tea.com/articles/full_irish_breakfast.html |date=7 July 2011 }} from Barry's Tea</ref> The term "full breakfast" often appears in advertisements for [[hotels]] and boarding houses in the [[British Isles]]. There is here a reflection of the past, when men usually did [[manual labour|manual work]] and needed to eat [[calorie]]-heavy meals. The whole culture of calorie-heavy meals has changed greatly in the last 50 years in all western countries. The life of women raising children at home also changed after [[WWII]] as [[home appliance]]s became more common.<ref name="eai">{{cite book | title=Encyclopedia of American Industries Volume 1 | publisher=Gale Research | year=1994}}</ref><ref>Scotney, John (November 1, 2009). Scotland - Culture Smart!: the essential guide to customs & culture. Kuperard. ISBN 9781857336214</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Egg dishes]] [[Category:Breakfast foods]] [[Category:British food]] [[Category:Irish food]] [[Category:American food]] 3jlumvmii0n1fuwn2nxutxcxudiszvw 10368187 10367988 2025-07-02T20:10:01Z Irzthepwnz0r 1635532 i added that in italy people eat this for lunch 10368187 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:-2019-07-30 Streaky bacon, fried egg on toast, Cromer (1).JPG|thumb|[[Bacon]] and [[Egg (food)|eggs]] with toast]] [[File:Bacon and eggs 001.jpg|thumb|Fried eggs with bacon at home]] '''Bacon and eggs''' is a [[breakfast]] (a lunch meal in italy) meal. It is commonly eaten in cultures with [[Anglo-Saxon]] influence. It is a high-energy breakfast. The term "full breakfast" in the UK is taken to mean, or include, bacon & eggs. Other terms in the UK are "fry-up" and "full English" (Scottish, Welsh, Irish...). Sautéed field [[mushrooms]] (''Agaricus campestris'') are also sometimes included.<ref name="barrystea">[http://store.barrys-tea.com/articles/full_irish_breakfast.html Traditional Irish Breakfast recipe] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707213056/http://store.barrys-tea.com/articles/full_irish_breakfast.html |date=7 July 2011 }} from Barry's Tea</ref> The term "full breakfast" often appears in advertisements for [[hotels]] and boarding houses in the [[British Isles]]. There is here a reflection of the past, when men usually did [[manual labour|manual work]] and needed to eat [[calorie]]-heavy meals. The whole culture of calorie-heavy meals has changed greatly in the last 50 years in all western countries. The life of women raising children at home also changed after [[WWII]] as [[home appliance]]s became more common.<ref name="eai">{{cite book | title=Encyclopedia of American Industries Volume 1 | publisher=Gale Research | year=1994}}</ref><ref>Scotney, John (November 1, 2009). Scotland - Culture Smart!: the essential guide to customs & culture. Kuperard. ISBN 9781857336214</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Egg dishes]] [[Category:Breakfast foods]] [[Category:British food]] [[Category:Irish food]] [[Category:American food]] rsgnrru4ztk7xvm1h4z2q8fylo18oxg 2 850736 10369225 7630458 2025-07-03T08:30:55Z CommonsDelinker 5295 Removing [[:c:File:Yousuf_Ikhtiar_Haseen_Sohan.jpg|Yousuf_Ikhtiar_Haseen_Sohan.jpg]]; it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Túrelio|Túrelio]] because: [[:c:COM:CSD#F10|CSD F10]] (personal photos by non-contributors). 10369225 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Yousuf Ikhtiar Haseen Sohan | image = | caption = Yousuf | native_name = ইউসুফ ইখতিয়ার হাসিন সোহান | native_name_lang = [[Bengali]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1999|05|08|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Noakhali District|Noakhali]], [[Bangladesh]] | nationality = [[Bangladesh|Bangladeshi]] | citizenship = [[Bangladesh]] | education = Al-Sabah Academy <small> (S.S.C-2015)</small> Baitus-Salam Madrasah, Uttara, Dhaka. <small>(Currently Studying heare now )</small> | occupation = Islamic Gojol singer,[[Vocalist]] | years_active = 2018-Present | organization = N/A }} '''Yousuf Ikhtiar Haseen Sohan''' (born 8 May 1998) [[Bengali]]:(ইউসুফ ইখতিয়ার হাসিন সোহান) is a Bangladeshi Musical artist, vocalist, Islamic naath singer, Islamic Gojol singer, vocalist and Islamic Gajal Writer.<ref>[https://m.facebook.com/yousuf.haseen.5/about]</ref> == Album == [https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALeKk01XjX-6tDro31cFmqa217SLVDf-dQ:1601290644047&q=yousuf+ikhtiar+haseen+sohan+shey+namaj+qayem+koro&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAONgFuLVT9c3NMyyMCgyNSpMV0JwLYuM0rQEfUuLM5Mdi0oyi0tC8oPz89IXsRpW5pcWl6YpZGZnlGQmFilkJBanpuYpFOdnJALJjNRKhbzE3MQshcLEytRchez8onwA1PXeVmcAAAA&sa=X&sqi=2&pjf=1&ved=2ahUKEwjH85LA2IvsAhVFfisKHU6hCx8Qri4wA3oECAYQBw&biw=360&bih=704&dpr=3 Shey namaj Qayem koro] [https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALeKk01XjX-6tDro31cFmqa217SLVDf-dQ:1601290644047&q=yousuf+ikhtiar+haseen+sohan+khoma+pawar+ashay&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAONgFuLVT9c3NMyyMCgyNSpMV4Jw08oMkg2MjMy0BH1LizOTHYtKMotLQvKD8_PSF7HqVuaXFpemKWRmZ5RkJhYpZCQWp6bmKRTnZyTmKWRn5OcmKhQklgMlEoszEisBOhCdxWMAAAA&sa=X&sqi=2&pjf=1&ved=2ahUKEwjH85LA2IvsAhVFfisKHU6hCx8Qri4wA3oECAYQCQ&biw=360&bih=648&dpr=3 khoma pawar ashay] [https://www.google.com/search?kgmid=/g/11j80rswwx&hl=en-BD&q=yousuf+ikhtiar+haseen+sohan+nabi+tomay+valobashi&kgs=076ad8ae5f48073d&shndl=0&source=sh/x/kp/osrp&entrypoint=sh/x/kp/osrp Nabi Tomay valobashi] [https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALeKk02HUXvUBvzSmJlQsecKnXk5twOI7Q:1601025094336&q=yousuf+ikhtiar+haseen+sohan+%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%B0+%E0%A6%98%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87+%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0+%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B+%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87+%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAONgFuLVT9c3NMyyMCgyNSpMV4JwM9JyqtLyygu0BH1LizOTHYtKMotLQvKD8_PSF7GmVeaXFpemKWRmZ5RkJhYpZCQWp6bmKRTnZyTmKTxYtubBstkPlm0AsmY8WN4IZD1Y3g7ktIFl9kFk-h8s2_RgeTeQtQ4sthOiZgOYPwcstAIAkEMk4JwAAAA&sa=X&sqi=2&pjf=1&ved=2ahUKEwjTuZeg-4PsAhXU7XMBHRkMCfUQri4wA3oECAUQAw&biw=360&bih=648 বছর ঘুরে আবার এলো মাহে রমজান] == References == [https://posts.google.com/share/mPf-LpNV/PVMbR8 Artical about Yousuf Ikhtear haseen] <ref>[https://posts.google.com/share/mPf-LpNV]</ref> 1v6x6ah41r8s9zf2f1eyhrdl3afnkz0 0 853710 10368772 8192501 2025-07-03T02:38:26Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Biography */ typo: duplication 10368772 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ultimo concerto di Guido Cantelli 17 novembre 1956 Teatro Coccia di Novara Orchestra del Teatro alla Scala.JPG|thumb|Guido Cantelli]] '''Guido Cantelli''' (27 April 1920 – 24 November 1956) was an [[Italians|Italian]] [[Conductor (music)|conductor]]. Most people thought he was one of the greatest conductors when he was alive. [[Arturo Toscanini]] liked him very much, and thought that he was his successor. When he was still young, he had already conducted some of the greatest orchestras of the world, and in 1956 he became the director of [[La Scala]] in [[Milan]]. But a tragedy happened, and the young Cantelli died in an airplane crash just a week later. ==Biography== Cantelli was born in [[Novara]] in Italy. When he was a student, he studied with important Italian masters of music. In 1940 he started his conducting career, and in 1943 he graduated from the Milan Conservatory. Toscanini saw him conducting at La Scala in Milan, and was very impressed by his performance. In 1945, Cantelli was performing in the most famous concert halls of the world, conducting the greatest orchestras.<ref name="treccani1">{{cite web|title=CANTELLI, Guido|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/guido-cantelli_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29/|publisher=[[:en:Enciclopedia italiana|Enciclopedia italiana Dizionario Biografico]]|year=|access-date=July 6, 2021|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210706121114/https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/guido-cantelli_(Dizionario-Biografico)/|archive-date=July 6, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{ASN accident|title= I-LEAD|id= 19561124-1|accessdate= 2017-26-5}}</ref><ref>Sachs, Harvey, ''Toscanini'', New York: J.B. Lippincott, 1978. {{ISBN|0-397-01320-5}}</ref> The fame of Cantelli grew, and he was considered among the greatest conductors. At the same time he continued his studies, because he wanted to perfect his technique. In 1956 he became the director of La Scala, and was being considered the next music director of the New York Philharmonic.<ref name="treccani1"/> But a tragedy happened, and only a week after he was named director of La Scala, he died in an airplane crash in Paris, France.<ref name="treccani1"/> Cantelli left a wife and a 5-month-old child. Toscanini, who was in poor health (and died just some months later) was not informed of the death of his pupil. ==Referencess== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cantelli, Guido}} [[Category:1920 births]] [[Category:1956 deaths]] [[Category:Italian conductors]] [[Category:People from Novara]] 8sfffcmq6i1ed1aal43ehevbnvuand3 0 854267 10368925 10324044 2025-07-03T04:04:50Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox anatomy |Name = Ventricle |Latin = ventriculus cordis |Image = CG Heart.gif |Caption = Computer generated animation of cut section of the human heart showing both '''ventricles'''. }} A '''ventricle''' is one of two large chambers toward the bottom of the [[heart]] that collect and pushes [[blood]] received from an [[atrium (heart)|atrium]] towards the body and lungs.<ref>[http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/sand/main?stype=lite&keyword=left%20ventricle&Submit=Go&event=display&start=1 Left Ventricle - Cell Centered Database]</ref> ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Other websites== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130517220222/http://biology.clc.uc.edu/fankhauser/Labs/Anatomy_%26_Physiology/A%26P203/Circulatory_System/Human_Heart/heart_L_flash_P4043323lbd.JPG Photo of dissection at uc.edu] * [http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/sand/main?stype=lite&keyword=left%20ventricle&Submit=Go&event=display&start=1 Left Ventricle – Cell Centered Database] * {{SUNYAnatomyLabs|20|05|01|02}} {{Heart anatomy}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ventricle (Heart)}} [[Category:Heart]] [[Category:Cardiovascular system]] [[Category:Anatomy of the cardiovascular system]] {{biology-stub}} {{med-stub}} aisvsq7fzxn37qe2xe5i9d12pfmm32m 0 854600 10368500 8671298 2025-07-02T23:40:30Z 2A02:8440:7157:65B2:346C:CCFF:FE97:904C 10368500 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ed Clark.jpg|right|200px]] '''Edward E. Clark''' (born May 4, 1930 died July 2, 2025) is an American lawyer and [[politician]]. He ran for [[Governor of California]] in [[California gubernatorial election, 1978|1978]]. He also ran for [[President of the United States]] as the nominee of the [[United States Libertarian Party|Libertarian Party]] in the [[1980 United States presidential election|1980 presidential election]].<ref name=People>{{cite magazine|url=https://people.com/archive/ed-clark-is-the-libertarian-partys-headstrong-candidate-for-the-white-house-vol-14-no-12/|title=Ed Clark Is the Libertarian Party's Headstrong Candidate for the White House|first=Karen G. |last=Jackovich |date=September 22, 1980|magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref> He was born in [[Middleborough, Massachusetts|Middleborough]], [[Massachusetts]]. ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Clark, Ed}} [[Category:1930 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Lawyers from California]] [[Category:Politicians from Massachusetts]] [[Category:Politicians from California]] [[Category:1980 United States presidential candidates]] [[Category:Libertarian Party (United States) politicians]] [[Category:Businesspeople from Massachusetts]] [[Category:Businesspeople from California]] [[Category:Lawyers from Massachusetts]] {{US-bio-stub}} 0zk1r27wd7e940gq0xpl0six6lowv6l 0 854898 10368830 10323849 2025-07-03T03:16:10Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368830 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:NCMEC wordmark.svg|thumb|Wordmark of the NCMEC]] '''National Center for Missing & Exploited Children''' ('''NCMEC''') is a private and [[nonprofit organization]]. [[United States Congress]] established the organization in mid-June 1984. The [[chairperson]] of this organization is the child safety [[advocacy|advocate]] Patty Wetterling, the mother of [[murder of Jacob Wetterling|Jacob Wetterling]], an eleven-year-old-boy who was [[murdered]] in [[Minnesota]] in October 1989.<ref>{{cite web|title=Patty Wetterling|publisher=National Center for Missing and Exploited Children|url=http://www.missingkids.com/en_US/documents/PressKit_PattyWetterling.pdf|access-date=July 13, 2021|archive-date=January 26, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126070708/http://www.missingkids.com/en_US/documents/PressKit_PattyWetterling.pdf|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> The NCMEC handle cases of missing or exploited children between when they're [[baby|babies]] and young adulthood through age 20.<ref>{{cite web|title=Key Facts|publisher=MissingKids.org|url=https://www.missingkids.org/footer/media/keyfacts|access-date=July 13, 2021}}</ref> The Center not only advocates for finding missing children, teenagers or young adults, it helps identify the dead. ==The CyberTipline== The NCMEC operates the CyberTipline. The CyberTipline was established by the United States Congress for processing reports of [[sexual slavery|child exploitation]] (this includes online [[seduction|enticement]], [[child pornography]] and inappropriate contact with children). The NCMEC reviews the reports and shares them with appropriate [[law enforcement]] agencies or Internet Crimes Against Children (ICAC) task forces. Along with the information from the reporting party, NCMEC also adds geolocation information (when appropriate) and cross-references identifying information, like [[e-mail|email]] addresses, usernames and [[IP address]]es with the existing CyberTipline reports.<ref>{{cite web|title=Understanding the NCMEC CyberTipline Reports|publisher=Trace Digital Forensics LLC|url=https://www.tracedf.com/single-post/2019/08/29/Understanding-NCMEC-CyberTipline-Reports|access-date=July 13, 2021}}</ref> ==Related pages== * [[AMBER Alert]] * [[Child theft]] * [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] * [[Kidnapping]] ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == * {{Official website}} {{us-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:National Center for Missing and Exploited Children}} [[Category:Non-profit organizations of the United States]] [[Category:Child safety]] [[Category:1984 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:United States law]] ee67tcvw5u8o84gbtiam62csaeof7n1 0 855618 10368496 9432513 2025-07-02T23:40:04Z Ferien 1011873 Nominated for deletion; see [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A Wopbopaloobop A Lopbamboom]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368496 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|fails [[WP:GNG]]/[[:w:en:WP:NFILM]] }} {{italictitle}} '''''A Wopbopaloobop A Lopamboom''''' is a 1989 Luxembourgian German drama movie directed by [[Andy Bausch]] and starring [[Thierry van Werveke]], [[Désirée Nosbusch]], [[Jochen Senf]], [[Birol Ünel]], [[Geraldine Karier]], [[Fernand Fox]], [[Steve Karier]]. ==Other websites== * {{IMDb title|0096745}} {{movie-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Wopbopaloobop A Lopbamboom, A}} [[Category:1989 drama movies]] [[Category:Luxembourgian drama movies]] [[Category:German drama movies]] [[Category:Movies directed by Andy Bausch]] 6ne1h2t2roq0qsreo002cd7m8t1znzf 0 858202 10368265 9715012 2025-07-02T21:08:20Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C categories slicked 10368265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television |image = Laurence Harvey Diane Cilento The Small Servant Alcoa Hour 1955.jpg |caption = [[Laurence Harvey]] and [[Diane Cilento]] in "The Small Servant", 1955. |genre = [[Anthology series|Anthology]] |director = [[Kirk Browning]]<br />Norman Felton<br />Herbert Hirschman<br />[[Sidney Lumet]]<br />[[Robert Mulligan]] |composer = [[Gian Carlo Menotti]] |country = United States |language = English |num_seasons = 2 |num_episodes = 52 |list_episodes = #Episodes |producer = [[Herbert Brodkin]]<br />Samuel Chotzinoff<br />Joel Spector |runtime = 47&ndash;50 minutes |channel = [[NBC]] |first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|1955|10|16}} |last_aired = {{End date|df=yes|1957|09|22}} |related = ''[[Alcoa Theatre]]'' }} '''''The Alcoa Hour''''' is an American [[Anthology series|anthology television series]] that was aired live on [[NBC]] from 1955 to 1957. The Alcoa Hour was a one-hour live dramatic anthology series presenting both original stories and adaptations of popular works. ==Other websites== *[http://ctva.biz/US/Anthology/AlcoaHour.htm ''The Alcoa Hour'' at CVTA with episode list] * {{IMDb title|id=0047707}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Alcoa Hour}} [[Category:1950s television series]] {{TV-stub}} [[Category:1950s television series debuts]] [[Category:1950s television series endings]] [[Category:1955 television series debuts]] [[Category:1957 television series endings]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:NBC network series]] fyijl2c1m9eqeku0gv5mihp1rpcl8a2 0 858448 10368189 9794513 2025-07-02T20:10:59Z CommonsDelinker 5295 Replacing File:StemmaCucciago(CO).png with [[File:Cucciago-Stemma.png]] (by [[commons:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set) Standard name as per [[:c::it:P 10368189 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Cucciago-Stemma.png|thumb|90px|Coat of arms]] '''Cucciago''' is a ''[[comune]]'' in the [[Province of Como]] in the [[Italy|Italian]] region of [[Lombardy]]. {{Province of Como}} {{europe-stub}} [[Category:Settlements in Como]] cexciy39xyb9vforms5mgrap2hg2j5t 0 858475 10368199 9794511 2025-07-02T20:17:11Z CommonsDelinker 5295 Replacing File:StemmaLurateCaccivio(CO).png with [[File:Lurate_Caccivio-Stemma.png]] (by [[commons:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set) Standard name as p 10368199 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Lurate Caccivio-Stemma.png|thumb|90px|Coat of arms]] '''Lurate Caccivio''' is a ''[[comune]]'' in the [[Province of Como]] in the [[Italy|Italian]] region of [[Lombardy]]. {{Province of Como}} {{europe-stub}} [[Category:Settlements in Como]] av5xokvdetlb4doydkdflh1bnc8i41o 10 863124 10368640 10366803 2025-07-03T01:33:11Z Cyberbot I 224035 Updating Admin Stats ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10368640 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Adminstats/Core |edits=87736 |ed=93315 |created=4 |deleted=7897 |revdel=871 |eventdel=50 |restored=218 |blocked=2896 |protected=420 |unprotected=56 |rights=226 |reblock=155 |unblock=17 |modify=51 |filter=59 |merge=0 |massmessage=0 |rename=0 |import=182 |style={{{style|}}}}} tb86f0n2shog5duj1f464ihoipijbh0 0 865936 10368484 9885536 2025-07-02T23:30:14Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10368484 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |name = Andrea Stewart-Cousins |image = (01-28-20)NYS Senate Majority Leader Andrea Stewart -Cousins (cropped).jpg |office = [[Majority Leader of the New York State Senate|Temporary President and Majority Leader of the New York State Senate]] |deputy = [[Michael Gianaris]] |term_start = January 9, 2019 |term_end = |predecessor = [[John J. Flanagan]] |successor = |office1 = Acting [[Lieutenant Governor of New York]] |governor1 = [[Kathy Hochul]] |term_start1 = April 12, 2022 |term_end1 = May 25, 2022 |predecessor1 = [[Brian Benjamin]] |successor1 = [[Antonio Delgado (politician)|Antonio Delgado]] |governor2 = [[Kathy Hochul]] |term_start2 = August 24, 2021 |term_end2 = September 9, 2021 |predecessor2 = Kathy Hochul |successor2 = [[Brian Benjamin]] |office3 = Minority Leader of the [[New York State Senate]] |deputy3 = Michael Gianaris<br>[[Jeffrey D. Klein]] |term_start3 = December 17, 2012 |term_end3 = January 9, 2019 |predecessor3 = [[John L. Sampson]] |successor3 = John J. Flanagan |state_senate4 = New York State |district4 = [[New York's 35th State Senate district|35th]] |term_start4 = January 1, 2007 |term_end4 = |predecessor4 = [[Nicholas Spano]] |successor4 = |office5 = Member of the<br>[[Westchester County Board of Legislators]]<br>from the 16th district |term_start5 = 1996 |term_end5 = 2007 |predecessor5 = Herman Keith |successor5 = Kenneth Jenkins |birth_name = Andrea Alice Stewart |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1950|9|2}} |birth_place = [[New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York]], U.S. |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |spouse = {{marriage|Thomas Cousins|1979|2007|end=died}} |children = 3 |education = [[Pace University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Master of Public Administration|MPA]])<br>[[Lehman College]] ([[Teaching credential|GrCert]]) |website = {{url|nysenate.gov/senators/andrea-stewart-cousins|Official website}} }} '''Andrea Stewart-Cousins''' (born September 2, 1950) is an [[United States|American]] [[politician]] and educator from [[Yonkers, New York]]<ref>{{cite web|title=The Background of Andrea Stewart-Cousins|work=The New York State Senate|url=https://andreastewartcousins.com/|access-date=August 24, 2021|archive-date=August 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824093108/https://andreastewartcousins.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> She is a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]]. Stewart-Cousins worked for District 35 with the [[New York State Senate]] starting in 2007. She became the Majority Leader and Temporary President with the New York Senate in 2019.<ref>{{cite web|title=New York State Senator Andrea Stewart-Cousins|publisher=New York State Senate|url=https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/andrea-stewart-cousins/about|access-date=August 25, 2021}}</ref> She became the acting [[Lieutenant Governor of New York]] with [[Kathy Hochul]], the first female governor of the state, twice in 2021 and in 2022.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kathy Hochul is Sworn as New York's First Female Governor|work=Axios|url=https://www.axios.com/kathy-hochul-sworn-new-york-governor-woman-fedac4d8-edd7-432d-9a15-8f65665afde6.html|access-date=August 24, 2021|archive-date=August 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825022701/https://www.axios.com/kathy-hochul-sworn-new-york-governor-woman-fedac4d8-edd7-432d-9a15-8f65665afde6.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Stewart-Cousins was the first female in the history of New York State to lead a conference with the [[New York State Legislature]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Turning the Page on Andrew Cuomo's Scandalous Chapter|publisher=Politico|url=https://www.politico.com/newsletters/the-recast/2021/08/13/andrea-stewart-cousins-new-york-cuomo-resignation-493972|access-date=August 24, 2021}}</ref> She was also the first female Senate Majority Leader in the history of the state. ==Early life== Andrea Alice Stewart was born on September 2, 1950, in [[New York City]].<ref name="quiet">{{Cite web|last=Cioppa|first=Deanna|date=August 19, 2014|title=Andrea Stewart-Cousins' Quiet Storm|url=https://westchestermagazine.com/life-style/andrea-stewart-cousins-quiet-storm/|access-date=February 7, 2020|work=Westchester Magazine}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2019/01/05/letitia-james-and-stewart-cousins-talk-breaking-barriers/|title=Letitia James and Stewart-Cousins talk breaking barriers|first=Isabel|last=Vincent|work=New York Post|date=January 6, 2019|access-date=February 7, 2020}}</ref> The Stewart family lived in public housing in [[Manhattan]] and [[the Bronx]]. She had [[Asthma|chronic asthma]] when she was young. Stewart-Cousins spent twenty years in the private sector, working with [[New York Telephone]] (later known as [[AT&T Corporation|AT&T]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsday.com/news/nation/andrea-stewart-cousins-senate-new-york-1.23179525|title=Andrea Stewart-Cousins: I'll protect suburban interests in Albany|website=Newsday|last=Eidler|first=Scott|date=November 12, 2018|access-date=2019-02-01|archive-date=2019-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201172006/https://www.newsday.com/news/nation/andrea-stewart-cousins-senate-new-york-1.23179525|url-status=dead}}</ref> She earned her [[Bachelor of Science]] Degree from [[Pace University]] and her teaching credentials in Business Education from [[Lehman College]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pace.edu/news-release/daily-voice-featured-pace-universitys-double-alumna-andrea-stewart-cousins-westchester|title="Daily Voice" featured Pace University's double alumna Andrea Stewart-Cousins of Westchester in "Stewart-Cousins' Elevation As NY's First Female Majority Leader Lauded By Cuomo, Pace President" {{!}} PACE UNIVERSITY|website=www.pace.edu|access-date=2019-02-01|archive-date=2019-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201120212/https://www.pace.edu/news-release/daily-voice-featured-pace-universitys-double-alumna-andrea-stewart-cousins-westchester|url-status=dead}}</ref> She received her [[Master of Public Administration|Masters of Public Administration]] from Pace University in May 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cityandstateny.com/articles/personality/personality/andrea-stewart-cousins-waited-new-york-senate-leader.html|title=She waited. Will good things come to Andrea Stewart-Cousins?|last=Coltin|first=Jeff|date=September 17, 2018|work=City & State New York|access-date=April 14, 2022|archive-date=June 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624034307/https://www.cityandstateny.com/articles/personality/personality/andrea-stewart-cousins-waited-new-york-senate-leader.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==New York State Senate== Stewart-Cousins first ran for New York State Senate in 2004. Incumbent [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] Sen. [[Nicholas Spano]], however, defeated her by a margin of 18 votes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/09/nyregion/in-state-senate-marathon-incumbent-wins.html|title=In State Senate Marathon, Incumbent Wins|first=Lisa W.|last=Foderaro|date=February 9, 2005|work=The New York Times}}</ref> In 2006, she challenged Spano again and defeated him.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lohud.com/story/money/personal-finance/taxes/david-mckay-wilson/2018/04/04/sen-andrea-stewart-cousins-five-things-know/485736002/|title=Five things to know about state Sen. Andrea Stewart-Cousins|first=David McKay|last=Wilson|website=LoHud.com|date=April 4, 2018|access-date=February 7, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=311466|title=Our Campaigns - NY State Senate 35 Race - Nov 07, 2006|website=www.ourcampaigns.com|access-date=2019-02-01}}</ref> As of 2019, Senate District 35 includes all of [[Greenburgh, New York|Greenburgh]] and [[Scarsdale, New York|Scarsdale]] and portions of Yonkers, [[White Plains, New York|White Plains]] and [[New Rochelle, New York|New Rochelle]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/andrea-stewart-cousins/about|title=About Andrea Stewart-Cousins|website=NY State Senate}}</ref> Stewart-Cousins voted in favor of same-sex marriage legislation on December 2, 2009. The bill was later defeated.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/03/nyregion/03tally.html|title=How the Votes Were Cast|date=December 2, 2009|work=The New York Times}}</ref> A [[same-sex marriage in the United States|same-sex marriage law]] was eventually passed in 2011. Stewart-Cousins supports [[pro-choice|abortion rights]]. She has pushed for legislation to expand abortion access across the State of New York.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/states/new-york/albany/story/2015/05/on-abortion-stewart-cousins-accuses-senate-of-slumbering-021848|title=On abortion, Stewart-Cousins accuses Senate of 'slumbering'|first=Jimmy|last=Vielkind|website=Politico PRO|date=May 5, 2015}}</ref> ==Senate Democratic Leader== On December 17, 2012, Stewart-Cousins was elected Senate Democratic Leader.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/states/new-york/city-hall/story/2012/12/moving-on-from-sampson-state-senate-democrats-elect-andrea-stewart-cousins-006560|title=Moving on from Sampson, State Senate Democrats elect Andrea Stewart-Cousins|first=Azi|last=Paybarah|date=December 17, 2012|website=Politico PRO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://observer.com/2012/12/democratic-senators-embrace-andrea-stewart-cousins-as-their-new-leader/|title=Democratic Senators Embrace Andrea Stewart-Cousins as Their New Leader|date=December 17, 2012|last=Campbell|first=Colin|work=Observer.com}}</ref> ==Senate Majority Leader== The Democratic Party won a Senate majority in the 2018 elections. On January 9, 2019, Stewart-Cousins was elected [[Majority Leader of the New York State Senate|Senate Majority Leader]]. She operates as the body's [[Majority Leader of the New York State Senate|Majority Leader]] and Temporary President.<ref name="auto">{{cite news|url=https://buffalonews.com/2019/01/09/in-the-state-senate-a-woman-takes-charge/|title=After 242 years, a woman is in charge of the State Senate|work=Buffalo News|last=Precious|first=Tom|date=January 9, 2018|access-date=January 10, 2018|archive-date=January 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110024433/https://buffalonews.com/2019/01/09/in-the-state-senate-a-woman-takes-charge/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2019, Stewart-Cousins sponsored the [[Housing Stability and Tenant Protection Act of 2019]]. This act overhauled the rules that had affected rent-controlled apartments in New York City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.crainsnewyork.com/news/newsmaker-2019-stewart-cousins-makes-history-and-upsets-albanys-status-quo|title=Newsmaker 2019: Stewart-Cousins makes history and upsets Albany's status quo|date=December 13, 2019|access-date=February 7, 2020|website=Crain's New York Business|last=Bredderman|first=Will}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2019/s6458|title=Senate Bill S6458|website=[[New York State Senate]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720145559/https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2019/s6458|archive-date=July 20, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> During Stewart-Cousins' first year as the Senate Majority Leader, New York passed a variety of progressive laws on issues. Those included [[climate change]], [[voting rights]], abortion rights, [[criminal justice]] reform, gender equality, gun control, marijuana decriminalization, [[LGBT rights]] and immigration.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/politics/albany/2019/06/21/20-major-laws-passed-new-york-state-capitol-year-marijuana-abortion-guns-licenses/1522933001/|title=20 major laws passed at the New York State Capitol this year|first1=Jon|last1=Campbell|first2=Joseph|last2=Spector|website=Rochester Democrat and Chronicle|date=June 21, 2019|access-date=February 7, 2020}}</ref> According to City & State New York, Stewart-Cousins employs a "consensus-driven approach" to leading the Senate Democratic Conference. This is what sets her "apart from her predecessors".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cityandstateny.com/articles/personality/personality/new-room-new-rules-heastie-stewart-cousins.html|title=New room, new rules|last=Williams|first=Zach|date=August 11, 2019|access-date=February 7, 2020|work=City & State New York|archive-date=March 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306153700/https://www.cityandstateny.com/articles/personality/personality/new-room-new-rules-heastie-stewart-cousins.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Acting Lieutenant Governor=== After the resignation of [[Governor of New York|Governor]] [[Andrew Cuomo]] because of multiple allegations of sexual harassment, [[Lieutenant Governor of New York|Lieutenant Governor]] [[Kathy Hochul]] replaced him as governor in August 2021.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://apnews.com/article/andrew-cuomo-resigns-17161f546bb83c32a337036ecf8d2a34 |title=Gov. Andrew Cuomo resigns over sexual harassment allegations |author=Marina Villeneuve |date=August 10, 2021 |accessdate=October 7, 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Per state law, as state Senate Majority Leader, Stewart-Cousins became the state's Acting lieutenant governor until Hochul appointed a full-time replacement.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/newsletters/the-recast/2021/08/13/andrea-stewart-cousins-new-york-cuomo-resignation-493972 |title=Turning the page on Cuomo's scandalous chapter |author=Brakkton Booker |work=Politico |date=August 13, 2021 |accessdate=October 8, 2021}}</ref> She was the first Black woman to serve in this role.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Booker|first=Brakkton|title=Turning the page on Cuomo's scandalous chapter|url=https://www.politico.com/newsletters/the-recast/2021/08/13/andrea-stewart-cousins-new-york-cuomo-resignation-493972|access-date=2022-01-03|website=POLITICO|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2021-08-10|title=Andrea Stewart-Cousins Set To Become New York’s First Black Woman Lt. Governor When Cuomo Resigns|url=https://newsone.com/4183989/andrea-stewart-cousins-new-york-acting-lt-gov/|access-date=2022-01-03|website=NewsOne|language=en-US}}</ref> This was also the first time New York was governed by both a female governor and lieutenant governor.<ref name=":0"/> Hochul picked [[Brian Benjamin]], who took office on September 9, 2021, as her replacement for lieutenant governor. However, Benjamin resigned less than a year later on April 12, 2022 after being arrested in a corruption scandal. This caused Stewart-Cousins to once again become acting Lieutenant Governor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-12 |title=NY lieutenant governor resigns after arrest in federal probe |url=https://apnews.com/article/brian-benjamin-new-york-lieutenant-governor-arrested-3682bc9913a2421f1b1613497286b591 |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref> ==Personal life== In 1979, Stewart married Thomas Cousins, and the couple moved to [[Yonkers, New York]]. Stewart-Cousins has three children and four grandchildren.<ref>{{cite web|last=Craig|first=Jon|date=November 13, 2018|title=Stewart-Cousins Poised To Make History As Democrats Take Over State Senate|url=https://dailyvoice.com/new-york/yonkers/politics/stewart-cousins-poised-to-make-history-as-democrats-take-over-state-senate/744352/|access-date=February 7, 2020|website=Yonkers Daily Voice}}</ref> Thomas Cousins died on November 26, 2007.<ref>{{cite web|date=November 27, 2007|title=Sen. Stewart-Cousins' Husband, Thomas Cousins, Passes Away|url=https://www.yonkerstribune.com/2007/11/sen-stewart-c-1|access-date=February 7, 2020|work=Yonkers Tribune|archive-date=February 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207070215/https://www.yonkerstribune.com/2007/11/sen-stewart-c-1|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category|Andrea Stewart-Cousins}} * [http://www.nysenate.gov/senator/andrea-stewart-cousins New York State Senate: Andrea Stewart-Cousins] *{{C-SPAN|9266942}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Stewart-Cousins, Andrea}} [[Category:Democratic Party (United States) politicians]] [[Category:State legislators of the United States]] [[Category:Politicians from New York City]] [[Category:Lieutenant Governors of New York (state)]] [[Category:African-American politicians]] [[Category:21st-century American politicians]] [[Category:1950 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:People from Yonkers, New York]] {{Current U.S. Lieutenant Governors}} cgw7c8u0yr5wag18r83v7uriw1bv0rv 0 868713 10368260 10283999 2025-07-02T21:02:14Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* References */ US-EN 10368260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = | caption = | genre = [[Sitcom]] | creator = [[Justin Spitzer]] | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[America Ferrera]] * [[Ben Feldman]] * [[Lauren Ash]] * [[Colton Dunn]] * [[Nico Santos (actor)|Nico Santos]] * [[Nichole Bloom|Nichole Sakura]] * [[Mark McKinney]] * [[Kaliko Kauahi]] }} | theme_music_composer = [[Jesse Novak]] | composer = [[Mateo Messina]] | country = United States | language = English | num_seasons = 6 | num_episodes = 113 <!-- Including Olympic Special. --> | list_episodes = List of Superstore episodes | executive_producer = {{Plainlist| * Justin Spitzer * [[Ruben Fleischer]] * David Bernad * Gabe Miller * Jonathan Green * Jackie Clarke * America Ferrera (2019–20) }} | producer = {{Plainlist| * America Ferrera (2015–19) * Harry J. Lange Jr. * Eric Ledgin * [[Sierra Teller Ornelas]] * [[Ben Feldman]] (2019–21) }} | editor = {{Plainlist| * Mark Sadlek * Steven Lang * James Renfroe * Richie Edelson }} | location = | cinematography = {{Plainlist| * Damián Acevedo * Jay Hunter }} | camera = [[Single-camera]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2018/tv/news/superstore-renewed-season-4-nbc-1202706991/|title='Superstore' Renewed for Season 4 at NBC|last=Otterson|first=Joe|work=Variety|date=February 21, 2018|access-date=April 30, 2019|archive-date=13 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613184445/https://variety.com/2018/tv/news/superstore-renewed-season-4-nbc-1202706991/|url-status=live}}</ref> | runtime = 22 minutes | company = {{Plainlist| * [[Justin Spitzer|Spitzer Holding Company]] * [[The District (production company)|The District]] * [[Universal Television]] * [[Miller Green Broadcasting]] (2019–21) * [[Hola Fidel]] }} | channel = [[NBC]] | first_aired = {{Start Date|2015|11|30}} | last_aired = {{end date|2021|03|25}} | related = }} '''''Superstore''''' is an American television series. It ran on [[NBC]] from November 30, 2015 until March 25, 2021. The series was made by [[Justin Spitzer]]. Spitzer served as an executive producer for 4 seasons.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2015/05/07/development-update-thursday-may-7-comedies-crowded-superstore-heading-to-series-at-nbc-425515/11324/ |title=Development Update: Thursday, May 7 - Comedies "Crowded", "Superstore" Heading to Series at NBC|work=The Futon Critic|date=May 7, 2015|access-date=May 10, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.avclub.com/showrunner-justin-spitzer-quits-his-superstore-1834175931|title=Showrunner Justin Spitzer quits his Superstore|last=McLevy|first=Alex|website=News|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=2019-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419220523/https://news.avclub.com/showrunner-justin-spitzer-quits-his-superstore-1834175931|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Superstore'' shows a group of employees who work at "Cloud 9". They work at store number 1217. It is a made-up [[big-box store]] in [[St. Louis]], [[Missouri]].<ref name="Spanish">{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2021/tv/global/superstore-spanish-adaptation-mexico-latin-america-1234912367/|title='Superstore' Scores Spanish-Language Adaptation (EXCLUSIVE)|date=February 22, 2021|first=Manori|last=Ravindran|website=Variety|access-date=March 4, 2021|archive-date=February 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225044302/https://variety.com/2021/tv/global/superstore-spanish-adaptation-mexico-latin-america-1234912367/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Production== ''Superstore'' was one of three new comedy series picked by NBC on January 15, 2015.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Andreeva|first1=Nellie|title=NBC Picks Up 3 Comedy Pilots From Universal TV|url=https://deadline.com/2015/01/nbc-comedy-pilots-how-to-live-superstore-suzanne-martin-universal-tv-1201350486/|website=Deadline Hollywood|access-date=16 August 2015|date=January 14, 2015|archive-date=5 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150805014659/http://deadline.com/2015/01/nbc-comedy-pilots-how-to-live-superstore-suzanne-martin-universal-tv-1201350486/|url-status=live}}</ref> It was the first project for The District. This was part of a two-year deal with Universal. <ref>{{cite web|last1=Fleming|first1=Mike Jr.|title=CAA Signs Zombieland’s Ruben Fleischer|url=https://deadline.com/2015/01/ruben-fleischer-zombieland-caa-1201361718/|website=Deadline Hollywood|access-date=16 August 2015|date=January 28, 2015|archive-date=1 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150601095903/http://deadline.com/2015/01/ruben-fleischer-zombieland-caa-1201361718/|url-status=live}}</ref> NBC officially picked up ''Superstore'' on May 7, 2015.<ref name="pick-up">{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2015/05/suzanne-martin-crowded-superstore-nbc-comedy-series-pickup-1201422325/|title=Suzanne Martin Comedy ‘Crowded’, Justin Spitzer’s ‘Superstore’ Get NBC Pickups|website=Deadline Hollywood|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=May 7, 2015|access-date=September 22, 2016|archive-date=May 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509190733/http://deadline.com/2015/05/suzanne-martin-crowded-superstore-nbc-comedy-series-pickup-1201422325/|url-status=live}}</ref> There were eleven episodes in [[Superstore (season 1)|season 1]]. The first episode was shown on November 30, 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/nbc-reduces-episode-counts-comedies-832985|title=NBC Reduces Episode Counts for Comedies 'Superstore,' 'Hot & Bothered'|last=Goldberg|first=Lesley|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=August 20, 2016|access-date=August 20, 2016|archive-date=August 26, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826084913/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/nbc-reduces-episode-counts-comedies-832985|url-status=live}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:2015 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2021 American television series endings]] [[Category:LGBT comedy television series]] {{US-stub}} [[Category:NBC network series]] ddnqno624erktrn0srnatzehrza1a89 0 868803 10369033 10269962 2025-07-03T05:50:05Z Julipero 1604351 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 10369033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox cricketer | name = Betty Archdale | female = true | image = Betty Archdale c1934cr.jpg | country = England | fullname = Helen Elizabeth Archdale | nickname = Betty | birth_date = {{Birth date|1907|8|21|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Paddington]], [[London]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|2000|1|1|1907|8|21|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Killara]], [[New South Wales]], Australia | batting = Right-handed | role = [[Batting (cricket)|Batter]] | family = [[Helen Archdale]] (mother) <br> [[Alexander Archdale]] (brother) | international = true | internationalspan = 1934–1937 | testdebutdate = 28 December | testdebutyear = 1934 | testdebutagainst = Australia | testcap = 1 | lasttestdate = 13 July | lasttestyear = 1937 | lasttestagainst = Australia | club1 = [[Kent Women cricket team|Kent]] | year1 = 1937 | hidedeliveries = true | columns = 2 | column1 = [[Women's Test cricket|WTest]] | matches1 = 5 | runs1 = 133 | bat avg1 = 26.60 | 100s/50s1 = 0/0 | top score1 = 32[[not out|*]] | catches/stumpings1 = 1/– | column2 = [[First-class cricket|WFC]] | matches2 = 13 | runs2 = 266 | bat avg2 = 15.64 | 100s/50s2 = 0/0 | top score2 = 32[[not out|*]] | catches/stumpings2 = 2/– | date = 12 March 2021 | source = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/10/10138/10138.html CricketArchive }} '''Helen Elizabeth Archdale''' (21 August 1907 – 1 January 2000) was an English woman. She was an [[education]]alist and she played the [[sport]] [[cricket]]. She played as a right-handed [[Batting (cricket)|batter]], and she played in 5 [[Women's Test cricket|Test matches]] for [[England women's cricket team|England]] between 1934 and 1937. Archdale was the first [[Captain (cricket)|captain]] of England's cricket team. She led them on their first [[English women's cricket team in Australia and New Zealand in 1934–35|tour]] of [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]] in 1934/35. She played cricket in Britain for many regional teams and for [[Kent Women cricket team|Kent]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/england/content/player/53711.html|title=Player Profile: Betty Archdale|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/10/10138/10138.html|title=Player Profile: Betty Archdale|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=12 March 2021}}</ref> ==Biography == Archdale was born in London. Her mother was [[Helen Archdale]] (née Russel), a well-known [[suffragette|woman who worked to get women the right to vote]] in Britain.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article27908992 |title=LEADING BRITISH FEMINIST IN SYDNEY. |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=25 October 1946 |accessdate=14 March 2013 |page=9 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> Helen Archdale was also an Irish professional soldier in the [[British Army]]. She died in World War I when she was eleven. Her godmother was [[Emmeline Pankhurst]]. Archdale went to [[Bedales School]] in [[Hampshire]], where she learned to play cricket, and to [[St Leonards School]] in [[St Andrews]], [[Fife]].<ref name=odnb>David Doughan (2004) [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/58331 "Archdale, Helen Alexander (1876–1949)"], ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press</ref> After school, Archdale went to [[McGill University]] in [[Montreal]]. She graduated in 1929 with a BA in Economics and Political Science. She studied law in London. She did some studying in the Soviet Union. In 1938, she was called to the Bar at [[Gray's Inn]].<ref name=guardian>Philip Jones (16 February 2000) [https://www.theguardian.com/obituaries/story/0,,231031,00.html Obituary: Betty Archdale], ''The Guardian'', London</ref> During [[World War II]], Archdale served in the [[Women's Royal Naval Service]] as a wireless operator in [[Singapore]]. She arrived in July 1941 at the head of a group of forty women trained in [[wireless telegraphy]].<ref>'History of Far East Combined Bureau and H.M.S. Anderson', typescript in the National Archives, HW 4/25, chapter 2, p. 10.</ref> She was awarded an [[Order of the British Empire]] for helping nurses escape from the fighting.<ref name=guardian/> Archdale moved to Australia in 1946. She was appointed principal of [[Sydney University]]'s "[[The Women's College, University of Sydney|Women's College]]". She had that job for 10 years. Archdale was a member of the University Senate for 25 years, and she was a television and radio personality throughout the 1960s.<ref name=guardian/> Archdale was headmistress of the private girls school [[Abbotsleigh]] in [[Wahroonga]], Sydney for 12 years atarting in 1958. Archdale changed things in the school: She started [[sex education]] and said the girls' uniforms did not have to have hats and gloves. She also added physics and said the school should teach more Australian history than British history. She lived on an estate in [[Galston, New South Wales|Galston]], Sydney with her brother [[Alexander Archdale]], an actor.<ref name=guardian/> ==Honours and legacy== In 1997, Archdale was listed as a [[National Living Treasure (Australia)|National Living Treasure]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/15-new-living-national-treasures-20040314-gdijhg.html |title=15 new Living National Treasures |date=14 March 2004 |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |access-date=8 January 2019 }}</ref> In March 1999, Archdale was one of the first ten women to be given Honorary Life Membership of [[Marylebone Cricket Club]] in England.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/297853.stm |title=MCC delivers first 10 maidens |date=16 March 1999 |work=BBC News |access-date=8 January 2019 }}</ref> She died on 1 January 2000 at the age of 92, in Sydney.<ref name="guardian" /> The [[Association of Heads of Independent Girls' Schools]], 'Archdale Debating' competition (for Sydney's Private and Catholic Girls' schools) is named in her honour.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ahigs.nsw.edu.au/ahigs/archdaledebating.aspx |title=Archdale Debating |website=Association of Heads of Independent Girls Schools |access-date=8 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109011850/https://www.ahigs.nsw.edu.au/ahigs/archdaledebating.aspx |archive-date=9 January 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == * {{cricinfo|id=53711}} * {{cricketarchive|id=10138}} ==Further reading== {{Commons category|Betty Archdale}} *Deirdre Macpherson, ''The Suffragette's Daughter: Betty Archdale, Her Life of Feminism, Cricket, War and Education'', Rosenberg Publishing, Dural *{{cite book| first=Peter |last=FitzSimons|authorlink=Peter FitzSimons | year=2006 |publisher=Harper Collins Publishers |isbn= 0-7322-8517-8 |title=Great Australian Sports Champions}} [[Category:1907 births]] [[Category:2000 deaths]] [[Category:Australian educators]] [[Category:English and Welsh cricketers]] <!--[[Category:England Test cricketers]] [[Category:Kent cricketers]] [[Category:McGill University alumni]] [[Category:People educated at Bedales School]] [[Category:People educated at St Leonards School]] [[Category:Cricketers from London]] [[Category:Members of Gray's Inn]]--> {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Archdale, Betty}} 5jbz5jz88t6aezrqrz81nm3dzl6i9qk 10369267 10369033 2025-07-03T09:13:35Z BlackJack 572554 Reverted [[WP:AGF|good faith]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/Julipero|Julipero]] ([[User talk:Julipero|talk]]): Major countries should not be linked per [[en:WP:GEOLINK]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369267 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox cricketer | name = Betty Archdale | female = true | image = Betty Archdale c1934cr.jpg | country = England | fullname = Helen Elizabeth Archdale | nickname = Betty | birth_date = {{Birth date|1907|8|21|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Paddington]], [[London]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|2000|1|1|1907|8|21|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Killara]], [[New South Wales]], Australia | batting = Right-handed | role = [[Batting (cricket)|Batter]] | family = [[Helen Archdale]] (mother) <br> [[Alexander Archdale]] (brother) | international = true | internationalspan = 1934–1937 | testdebutdate = 28 December | testdebutyear = 1934 | testdebutagainst = Australia | testcap = 1 | lasttestdate = 13 July | lasttestyear = 1937 | lasttestagainst = Australia | club1 = [[Kent Women cricket team|Kent]] | year1 = 1937 | hidedeliveries = true | columns = 2 | column1 = [[Women's Test cricket|WTest]] | matches1 = 5 | runs1 = 133 | bat avg1 = 26.60 | 100s/50s1 = 0/0 | top score1 = 32[[not out|*]] | catches/stumpings1 = 1/– | column2 = [[First-class cricket|WFC]] | matches2 = 13 | runs2 = 266 | bat avg2 = 15.64 | 100s/50s2 = 0/0 | top score2 = 32[[not out|*]] | catches/stumpings2 = 2/– | date = 12 March 2021 | source = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/10/10138/10138.html CricketArchive }} '''Helen Elizabeth Archdale''' (21 August 1907 – 1 January 2000) was an English woman. She was an [[education]]alist and she played the [[sport]] [[cricket]]. She played as a right-handed [[Batting (cricket)|batter]], and she played in 5 [[Women's Test cricket|Test matches]] for [[England women's cricket team|England]] between 1934 and 1937. Archdale was the first [[Captain (cricket)|captain]] of England's cricket team. She led them on their first [[English women's cricket team in Australia and New Zealand in 1934–35|tour]] of Australia and New Zealand in 1934/35. She played cricket in Britain for many regional teams and for [[Kent Women cricket team|Kent]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/england/content/player/53711.html|title=Player Profile: Betty Archdale|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/10/10138/10138.html|title=Player Profile: Betty Archdale|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=12 March 2021}}</ref> ==Biography == Archdale was born in London. Her mother was [[Helen Archdale]] (née Russel), a well-known [[suffragette|woman who worked to get women the right to vote]] in Britain.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article27908992 |title=LEADING BRITISH FEMINIST IN SYDNEY. |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=25 October 1946 |accessdate=14 March 2013 |page=9 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> Helen Archdale was also an Irish professional soldier in the [[British Army]]. She died in World War I when she was eleven. Her godmother was [[Emmeline Pankhurst]]. Archdale went to [[Bedales School]] in [[Hampshire]], where she learned to play cricket, and to [[St Leonards School]] in [[St Andrews]], [[Fife]].<ref name=odnb>David Doughan (2004) [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/58331 "Archdale, Helen Alexander (1876–1949)"], ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press</ref> After school, Archdale went to [[McGill University]] in [[Montreal]]. She graduated in 1929 with a BA in Economics and Political Science. She studied law in London. She did some studying in the Soviet Union. In 1938, she was called to the Bar at [[Gray's Inn]].<ref name=guardian>Philip Jones (16 February 2000) [https://www.theguardian.com/obituaries/story/0,,231031,00.html Obituary: Betty Archdale], ''The Guardian'', London</ref> During [[World War II]], Archdale served in the [[Women's Royal Naval Service]] as a wireless operator in [[Singapore]]. She arrived in July 1941 at the head of a group of forty women trained in [[wireless telegraphy]].<ref>'History of Far East Combined Bureau and H.M.S. Anderson', typescript in the National Archives, HW 4/25, chapter 2, p. 10.</ref> She was awarded an [[Order of the British Empire]] for helping nurses escape from the fighting.<ref name=guardian/> Archdale moved to Australia in 1946. She was appointed principal of [[Sydney University]]'s "[[The Women's College, University of Sydney|Women's College]]". She had that job for 10 years. Archdale was a member of the University Senate for 25 years, and she was a television and radio personality throughout the 1960s.<ref name=guardian/> Archdale was headmistress of the private girls school [[Abbotsleigh]] in [[Wahroonga]], Sydney for 12 years atarting in 1958. Archdale changed things in the school: She started [[sex education]] and said the girls' uniforms did not have to have hats and gloves. She also added physics and said the school should teach more Australian history than British history. She lived on an estate in [[Galston, New South Wales|Galston]], Sydney with her brother [[Alexander Archdale]], an actor.<ref name=guardian/> ==Honours and legacy== In 1997, Archdale was listed as a [[National Living Treasure (Australia)|National Living Treasure]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/15-new-living-national-treasures-20040314-gdijhg.html |title=15 new Living National Treasures |date=14 March 2004 |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |access-date=8 January 2019 }}</ref> In March 1999, Archdale was one of the first ten women to be given Honorary Life Membership of [[Marylebone Cricket Club]] in England.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/297853.stm |title=MCC delivers first 10 maidens |date=16 March 1999 |work=BBC News |access-date=8 January 2019 }}</ref> She died on 1 January 2000 at the age of 92, in Sydney.<ref name="guardian" /> The [[Association of Heads of Independent Girls' Schools]], 'Archdale Debating' competition (for Sydney's Private and Catholic Girls' schools) is named in her honour.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ahigs.nsw.edu.au/ahigs/archdaledebating.aspx |title=Archdale Debating |website=Association of Heads of Independent Girls Schools |access-date=8 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109011850/https://www.ahigs.nsw.edu.au/ahigs/archdaledebating.aspx |archive-date=9 January 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == * {{cricinfo|id=53711}} * {{cricketarchive|id=10138}} ==Further reading== {{Commons category|Betty Archdale}} *Deirdre Macpherson, ''The Suffragette's Daughter: Betty Archdale, Her Life of Feminism, Cricket, War and Education'', Rosenberg Publishing, Dural *{{cite book| first=Peter |last=FitzSimons|authorlink=Peter FitzSimons | year=2006 |publisher=Harper Collins Publishers |isbn= 0-7322-8517-8 |title=Great Australian Sports Champions}} [[Category:1907 births]] [[Category:2000 deaths]] [[Category:Australian educators]] [[Category:English and Welsh cricketers]] <!--[[Category:England Test cricketers]] [[Category:Kent cricketers]] [[Category:McGill University alumni]] [[Category:People educated at Bedales School]] [[Category:People educated at St Leonards School]] [[Category:Cricketers from London]] [[Category:Members of Gray's Inn]]--> {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Archdale, Betty}} krhzfh7r5785rhd6m7qecm2ucm1w0jn 0 870772 10368505 9541351 2025-07-02T23:44:11Z 2A00:23CC:E80A:AD01:8AA8:88A3:4BB0:ADF7 10368505 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military person|embed=Arab warrior|name=Khawla bint Al-Azwar|image=Tarikhuna bi-uslub qasasi-Khawlah bint al-Azwar.jpg|alt=|caption=Khawla, from Tārīkhunā bi-uslūb qaṣaṣī, 1935|title=Sonic the hedgehog super sonic style ultimate archie power|titletext=|allegiance=[[Muhammad]]<br/> [[Rashidun Caliphate]]|more=}} '''Khawlah bint al-Azwar''' (Arabic: خولة بنت الأزور) was a famous [[Arab]] woman of [[Muhammad|Muhammad's]] time and later a military leader.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-11-29|title=Khawla Bint Al Azwar, Warrior, Famous Arab Woman, Islam Religion Horse Animal, MNH Jordan - Delcampe.net|url=http://www.delcampe.net/page/item/id,121127399,var,Khawla-Bint-Al-Azwar-Warrior-Famous-Arab-Woman-Islam-Religion-Horse-Animal-MNH-Jordan,language,E.html|access-date=2021-09-13|archive-date=2014-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129032541/http://www.delcampe.net/page/item/id,121127399,var,Khawla-Bint-Al-Azwar-Warrior-Famous-Arab-Woman-Islam-Religion-Horse-Animal-MNH-Jordan,language,E.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> She is described as one of the best fighters in history. On the battlefield, the opposition compared her to Khalid bin Walid. She was the sister of [[Dhihar bin Al-Azwar]] who was a soldier and commander of Rashidun army. Khawlah was born in the seventh century. Her father was the leader of the Banu Asad tribe. Khawlah has fought alongside her brother in many battles. These include the Battle of Yarmouk against the Byzantine Emperor in 638 AD. On the fourth day of the battle, Khawlah fought against the Byzantine army with a group of women and defeated the commander-in-chief. She was wounded while fighting against a Greek soldier.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.islamophobiatoday.com/2014/03/12/15-important-muslim-women-in-history/|access-date=2021-09-13|website=www.islamophobiatoday.com|title=Archived copy|archive-date=2021-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006023243/http://www.islamophobiatoday.com/2014/03/12/15-important-muslim-women-in-history/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=AlShindagah Online|url=https://www.alshindagah.com/mayjun2003/woman.html|access-date=2021-09-13|website=www.alshindagah.com}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Female Sahabah]] [[Category:7th-century births]] mnaydnx4m7kw8iv6zk07zvpi6d4u3fy 0 871977 10368732 9790933 2025-07-03T02:22:45Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 typo: duplication 10368732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox video game | title = Saturday Night Speedway | image = | developer = [[Ratbag Games]] | publisher = [[Atari|Atari Inc.]] | platforms = [[PlayStation 2]], [[Microsoft Windows]] | released = {{vgrelease|WW|March 9, 2004}} | genre = [[Racing game|Racing simulatopr]] | modes = [[Single-player]], [[multiplayer]] }} '''''Saturday Night Speedway''''' is a [[racing game|racing simulator]] [[video game]] developed by [[Ratbag Games]] and published by [[Atari|Atari Inc.]]. ''Saturday Night Speedway'' allows you to race in Pro Stock, Midget and Late Model cars. There are thirteen real world tracks which are oval dirt tracks and six fantasy tracks. The race formats consist of Practice, Qualifying, Heats 1 & 2, B Main and A Main.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Saturday Night Speedway (2004)|url=https://www.mobygames.com/game/81881/saturday-night-speedway/|access-date=2024-06-30|website=MobyGames|language=en}}</ref> The Arcade mode features Single Race where you compete in a single event in a chosen car and track, there is a Championship mode where you compete in thirteen events, and Time Trial where you race alone to try to beat your lap records. Career Mode includes car repairs, car upgrades, sponsorship earnings, race earnings and more. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{moby game|id=/saturday-night-speedway}} * [https://gamefaqs.gamespot.com/pc/919952-saturday-night-speedway ''Saturday Night Speedway''] at [[GameFAQs]] [[Category:2004 video games]] [[Category:Atari video games]] [[Category:PlayStation 2 games]] [[Category:Racing video games]] [[Category:Windows games]] 9dy8p3j9cl6wiirse2mgiulqtfd117s 0 875392 10368402 9276183 2025-07-02T22:42:59Z 2A00:23CC:E80A:AD01:8AA8:88A3:4BB0:ADF7 10368402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Mahmoud Ahmad Marei<br>محمود أحمد مرعي | image = | caption = Mahmoud Ahmad Marei | office = President of the Arab Organization for Human Rights | deputy = | term_start = | term_end = | predecessor = Position established | successor = | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1957}} | birth_place = Talfita, Rif Dimashq Governorate, Syria | death_date = | death_place = | alma_mater = [[Damascus University]] }} '''Mahmoud Ahmad Marei''' ({{Lang-ar|محمود أحمد مرعي}}; born 1957) is a [[Syria]]n [[politician]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=C.V of Mahmoud mere in Arabic|url=https://twitter.com/syrianembassykl/status/1393567649427181571}}</ref> [[lawyer]], current [[leader]] of the [[Arab people|Arab]] Organization for [[Human rights|Human Rights]],<ref name="DW.COM polls">{{cite web|title=Syria elections: Polls open as Western countries slam 'illegitimate' vote - 26.05.2021|url=https://www.dw.com/en/syria-elections-polls-open-as-western-countries-slam-illegitimate-vote/a-57663592|access-date=2021-05-26|website=DW.COM}}</ref> and former [[Secretary-General|secretary-general]] of the National [[Democratic]] Front, a small [[opposition party]].<ref name="Chehayeb 2021">{{cite web|last=Chehayeb|first=Kareem|date=2021-05-26|title=Syrians vote in election set to extend al-Assad’s grip on power - Bashar al-Assad News|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/5/26/syrian-presidential-election-kicks-off-amid-international-outcry|access-date=2021-05-26|website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> == About == He is a ethnic [[Arab]] born in Talfita, Rif Dimashq, Syria. He studied [[law]] at [[Damascus University]] and graduated in 1993.<ref>{{cite web|date=26 May 2021|title=محمود مرعي.. مرشح "مفاجئ" لرئاسة سوريا|url=https://al-ain.com/article/syria-presidential-elections|website=al-ain.com}}</ref> He is the former [[president]] of the [[Youth]] Office at the National Coordination [[Committee]] for Democratic Change. In 2017 he spoke at the [[Geneva]] [[peace]] talks about Syria.<ref name="McKernan 2021 ruin">{{cite web|last=McKernan|first=Bethan|date=2021-05-23|title=Civil war, ruin, raging poverty... but Assad is guaranteed to win Syria’s fake election|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/may/23/civil-war-ruin-raging-poverty-but-assad-is-guaranteed-to-win-syrias-fake-election|access-date=2021-05-26|website=the Guardian}}</ref> He was a [[candidate]] in the 2021 Syrian presidential [[election]]<ref name="Neilan 2021">{{cite web|last=Neilan|first=Catherine|date=2021-05-26|title=Arab states accept sham Syria elections as Assad returns to fold|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/05/26/arab-states-accept-sham-syria-elections-assad-returns-fold/|access-date=2021-05-26|website=The Telegraph}}</ref> but his political party said that they had made him leave in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=2021-05-09|title=يؤكد حزب الاتحاد على موقفه الثابت بعدم المشاركة بأي من العمليات الانتخابية والاستفتاءات في ظل نظام الأسد|url=http://www.ettihad-sy.com/news-ettihad/bayan-jor/7252-%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%A5%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%84%D9%8019.html|access-date=2021-05-26|website=Democratic Arab Socialist Union|publisher=|archive-date=2021-05-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526144717/http://www.ettihad-sy.com/news-ettihad/bayan-jor/7252-%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%A5%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%84%D9%8019.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:1957 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Syrian politicians]] [[Category:Syrian lawyers]] gezugbjx2bpyvz49r2sobqcjf5o61kk 0 877140 10367886 9715021 2025-07-02T16:32:06Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ US-EN 10367886 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} '''''Car 54, Where Are You?''''' is an American sitcom that aired on NBC from September 1961 to April 1963 for 2 seasons and 60 episodes. It stars [[Fred Gwynne]], [[Joe E. Ross]], [[Hank Garrett]], [[Martha Garrett]], [[Bruce Kirby (actor)|Bruce Kirby]], [[Al Lewis]], [[Charlotte Rae]], [[Ossie Davis]]. It was made into a movie in 1994 and was a box office bomb. ==Other websites== * {{IMDb title|id=0054528}} [[Category:1961 television series debuts]] [[Category:1963 television series endings]] [[Category:American sitcoms]] [[Category:1960s American television series]] [[Category:1960s American comedy television series]] [[Category:NBC network series]] [[Category:Television series set in New York (state)]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] d1wcaw5mi1z2rqw66gioi76kr7us9h3 0 877336 10368224 9356530 2025-07-02T20:34:02Z Ferien 1011873 coords 10368224 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}} {{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}} {{Infobox university |image = |image_size = |name = Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University |motto = |type = [[State university]] |established = 2015 |number of colleges = |students = |calendar = |endowment = |chairman = |chancellor = [[List of Governors of Punjab (India)|Governor of Punjab]] (''ex-officio'') |president = |vice-president = |provost = |vice_chancellor = Prof. Buta Singh Sidhu |Pro_vice_chancellor = |undergrad = |postgrad = |staff = |faculty = |city = [[Bathinda]] |state = [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] |country = [[India]] |campus = Urban |colors = |publictransit = |logo = |land area = |affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]], [[AICTE]] |website = {{URL|http://www.mrsptu.ac.in}} }} '''Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University''' ('''MRSPTU'''), formerly '''Maharaja Ranjit Singh State Technical University''',<ref name="Service 2016">{{cite news| work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]| title=Tech varsity puts Punjab in name, drops 'state'| date=20 April 2016| url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/bathinda/tech-varsity-puts-punjab-in-name-drops-state/222469.html| accessdate=20 April 2016| archive-date=28 April 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428054113/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/bathinda/tech-varsity-puts-punjab-in-name-drops-state/222469.html| url-status=dead}}</ref> is a State technical university of Punjab in [[Bathinda]], [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]], [[India]]. It was established in 2015 and has jurisdiction over 11 districts namely [[Bathinda district|Bathinda]], [[Ferozepur district|Ferozepur]], [[Moga district|Moga]], [[Faridkot district|Faridkot]], [[Sri Muktsar Sahib district|Sri Muktsar Sahib]], [[Barnala district|Barnala]], [[Mansa district, Punjab|Mansa]], [[Sangrur district|Sangrur]], [[Patiala district|Patiala]], [[Fatehgarh Sahib district|Fatehgarh Sahib]] and [[Fazilka district|Fazilka]].<ref>{{cite news|title=The first meeting of Board of Governors of Maharaja Ranjit Singh State Technical University, Bathinda was presided over by the Chief Secretary|url=http://www.yespunjab.com/punjab/education/item/69985-bathinda-s-maharaja-ranjit-singh-tech-varsity-bog-releases-rs-75-crore-for-infrastructure|access-date=2021-10-15|archive-date=2016-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617083314/http://www.yespunjab.com/punjab/education/item/69985-bathinda-s-maharaja-ranjit-singh-tech-varsity-bog-releases-rs-75-crore-for-infrastructure|url-status=dead}}</ref> University will function from upgraded Giani Zail Singh Punjab Technical University Campus.<ref>{{cite web|title=Giani Zail Singh PTU campus Bathinda to be upgraded as MRSTechnical University|url=http://www.nripunjab.gov.in/newsdetail.htm?86|access-date=2021-10-15|archive-date=2015-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618160242/http://www.nripunjab.gov.in/newsdetail.htm?86|url-status=dead}}</ref> MRSPTU has signed MoU with [[Thompson Rivers University]] of [[Canada]] in which a student of 4 year [[Bachelor's degree]] program here after studying for 2 years, can complete rest 2 years in Canada and also get 3 year work permit in Canada.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://punjabnewsexpress.com/campus-buzz/news/mrs-ptu-signed-mou-with-canadian-university--75027.aspx|title=MRS-PTU signed MoU with Canadian University|website=punjabnewsexpress.com|access-date=2018-07-27|archive-date=2018-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727181136/http://punjabnewsexpress.com/campus-buzz/news/mrs-ptu-signed-mou-with-canadian-university--75027.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> The building is in bathinda - dabwali road. MRSPTU is also fit for central assistance under section 12(B).<ref>https://www.ugc.ac.in/oldpdf/State%20University/State%20University%2012(B)%20as%20on%2026-06-2018.pdf</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category|Punjab Technical University}} * {{Official website|http://www.mrsptu.ac.in/}} {{Authority control}} {{coord|30.1748|74.9242|type:edu_globe:earth_region:IN|display=title}} [[Category:Colleges and universities in India]] ih01cqmiqlkms4f82aqymu18vop4skp 0 879057 10368343 9606126 2025-07-02T22:08:27Z 2A00:23CC:E80A:AD01:8AA8:88A3:4BB0:ADF7 10368343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox mountain | name = Mt Toubkal | photo = My Toubkal.jpg | photo_caption = Mt Toubkal from summit of Ouanoukrim | photo_size = 300 | elevation_m = 4167 | elevation_ref = <ref name=otm>{{cite opentopomap|Toubkal|31.05963|-7.91513|2023-06-16}}</ref> | prominence_m = 3757 | prominence_ref = <ref name="peaklist">{{cite web|url=http://peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/africa.html|title=Africa Ultra-Prominences|website=peaklist.org|access-date=2012-01-14}}</ref><br /><small>[[List of peaks by prominence|Ranked 36th]]</small> | range = [[Atlas Mountains]] | listing = [[List of elevation extremes by country|Country high point]]<br/>[[List of Ultras of Africa]] | location = [[Morocco]] | map = Morocco#Africa | map_caption = | map_size = 300 | label = Toubkal | label_position = right | coordinates = {{coord|31.05963|N|7.91513|W|type:mountain_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_ref = <ref name=otm/> | topo = Toubkal Massif Map and Guide<ref name=map>{{cite map |publisher = EWP and West Col Productions |title = Toubkal Massif Map and Guide |edition = 1st |year = 2008 |cartography= EWP |scale = 1:160,000 with mountaineering information |series = High Atlas Mountains |isbn = 978-0-906227-98-5 }}</ref> | type = | age = | first_ascent = 12 June 1923 by the Marquis de Segonzac, V. Berger, and H. Dolbeau | easiest_route = South [[Cirque|cwm]] (hike in summer) }} '''Toubkal''', also '''Jbel Toubkal''' or '''Jebel Toubkal''', is a [[mountain]] in southwestern [[Morocco]], It is in the [[Toubkal National Park]]. At {{convert|4167|m|ft|abbr=on}}, it is the [[Mountain#Definition_of_a_mountain|highest peak]] in Morocco, the [[Atlas Mountains]], [[North Africa]]. It is {{convert|63|km|mi|abbr=on}} south of the city of [[Marrakesh]]. == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commons category}} {{Wikivoyage|Jebel Toubkal}} * [https://www.atlas-trekking-toubkal.com/ Mount Toubkal Group Tours] * [https://highatlashiking.com/mount_toubkal_climb Routes up Mount Toubkal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503162514/https://highatlashiking.com/mount_toubkal_climb |date=2023-05-03 }} * [https://highatlashiking.com/kit_list_for_toubkal_climb/ What to wear on Mount Toubkal in winter?] * [http://www.summitpost.org/show/mountain_link.pl/mountain_id/50 Summitpost.org page about Jbel Toubkal] * [http://www.caingram.info/Toubkal.htm Photo Gallery of Jebel Toubkal and the High Atlas] * [http://nikopav.blogspot.co.uk/2017/12/climbing-toubkal.html Useful information on climbing Toubkal] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Mountains]] [[Category:Morocco]] r5gwc5frawq72ghz27z2vnd5iwayvkj 0 879876 10368747 8216097 2025-07-03T02:27:10Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 typo: duplication 10368747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Mikaela Hoover | image = Mikaela Hoover - Guardians of the Galaxy premiere - July 2014 (cropped).jpg | caption = Mikaela Hoover at the ''Guardians of the Galaxy'' premiere in July 2014 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1984|07|12|mf=yes}} | birth_place = [[Colbert, Washington|Colbert]], [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | known_for = ''[[Happy Endings (TV series)|Happy Endings]]''<br>''[[How I Met Your Mother]]'' | alma_mater = [[Loyola Marymount University]] | yearsactive = 2006-present | website = }} '''Mikaela Hoover''' (born July 12, 1984)<ref name="crave">{{cite web|title=Mikaela Hoover - CraveOnline Bio|url=http://www.craveonline.com/girl/mikaela-hoover|website=CraveOnline|publisher=CRAVEONLINE MEDIA, LLC|accessdate=29 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802150533/http://www.craveonline.com/girl/mikaela-hoover|archive-date=2 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mikaela Hoover Biography and Filmography|url=http://www.hollywood.com/celebrities/mikaela-hoover-57921612/|publisher=Hollywood.com|accessdate=25 July 2017|date=3 February 2015}}</ref> is an American actress. In 2011, she was in ''[[Happy Endings (TV series)|Happy Endings]]'' as Jackie and in 2012, she was in ''[[Anger Management (TV series)|Anger Management]]''. Hoover has worked with director [[James Gunn]]. She played Nova Prime's Assistant in the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe|Marvel]] movie ''[[Guardians of the Galaxy (movie)|Guardians of the Galaxy]]'' and Camila in the [[DC Extended Universe|DCEU]] movie ''[[The Suicide Squad (movie)|The Suicide Squad]]''. ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hoover, Mikaela}} [[Category:1984 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American movie actors]] [[Category:American television actors]] [[Category:American voice actors]] [[Category:Actors from Washington (state)]] {{US-actor-stub}} 4z8s2icmqiymzkyb6tvyp4ihzyzvgay 0 882395 10367848 9715018 2025-07-02T16:04:46Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ US-EN 10367848 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} '''''Blondie''''' is an American sitcom that ran on [[NBC]] for one season and 26 episodes. It ran from [[4 January]], [[1957]] to [[5 July]], [[1957]]. It starred [[Arthur Lake]], [[Pamela Britton]], [[Ann Barnes]], [[Harold Peary]], [[Elvia Allman]] and was based on comic strip series. ==Other websites== * {{IMDb title|0049999|Blondie}} {{tv-stub}} [[Category:1950s American television series]] [[Category:1957 television series debuts]] [[Category:1957 television series endings]] [[Category:American sitcoms]] [[Category:Black and white television series]] [[Category:NBC network series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] ixtpswk4r6bir70742tfupfmzdfsdgr 0 882609 10368380 9859922 2025-07-02T22:25:28Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ US-EN 10368380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = | caption = | genre = [[Educational]]<br>[[Variety show|Variety]]<br>[[Science fiction]]<br>[[Anthology]] | runtime = 25 minutes | creator = Eamon Harrington & John Watkin | executive_producer = [[Adam Shaheen]]<br>Eamon Harrington<br>John Watkin | producer = Eamon Harrington<br>John Watkin | company = [[Cuppa Coffee Studios]]<br>Planet Grande Pictures<br>HBO<br>Spank! (theme music only) | country = [[Canada]]<br>[[United States]] | channel = HBO<br>HBO Family<br>Crave | starring = [[Maggie Baird]]<br>Veena Bidasha<br>[[S. Scott Bullock]]<br>[[Greg Eagles]]<br>Arif S. Kinchen<br>[[Peter Lurie]]<br>Dawn Maxey<br>[[Edie McClurg]]<br>[[Mike McShane|Michael McShane]]<br>Ritchie Montgomery<br>Alan Schlaifer<br>John Watkin<br>Mari Weiss<br>[[Danny Wells]] | first_aired = {{start date|1999|2|1}} | last_aired = {{end date|2000|4|1}} | num_seasons = 2 | num_episodes = 52 | list_episodes = }} '''''Crashbox''''' is a [[Canada|Canadian]]/[[United States|American]] [[Television program|television series]] for children. It was [[Broadcasting|broadcast]] in the [[United States]] and [[Canada]]. The series teaches children about [[Mathematics|math]], [[history]], [[vocabulary]] and other subjects It was made between 1998 and 1999. The series aired during the relaunch of the [[HBO Family]] [[Television network|channel]] from February 1999 to April 2000. There has been no [[VHS]] or [[DVD]] releases for the series but it is available on [[Streaming media|streaming serivces]] in 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=Crashbox on Hulu|url=https://www.hulu.com/series/crashbox-f5822efc-c528-4d9c-8f9a-96d0788b3891 |website=Hulu |accessdate=11 December 2022}}</ref> ==Production== The series was produced and filmed in [[Toronto]] and [[Malibu, California|Malibu]] in the second half of 1998 to early 1999. Planet Grande Pictures signed a deal with Cuppa Coffee Studios to make a [[game show]] for both [[HBO]] and Planet Grande. They both worked for 7 months to make 13 hours of programming.<ref>Eichhorn, P: "Cuppa Coffee brews up a special blend of animation [[Take One (Canadian magazine)|Take One]] Magazine, Summer, 1999, No. 24</ref> ==Plot== ''Crashbox'' is [[Setting (fiction)|set]] inside a [[computer]] and a [[Sculpture|sculpted]] [[clay]] box. The format is similar to the 1970's ''[[The Electric Company|Electric Company]]'' where [[Parody|parodies]] are shown that do not join to each other or follow a [[Plot (narrative)|plot]]. Each half-hour [[episode]] is has about 2-to-5-minute educational games. Some episoded had an eighth game. There episodes were not common. ==Reception== The series generally had positive reviews from both [[Critic|critics]] and [[audiences]]. However, some criticized the series for the overuse of [[gross out humor]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{imdb title|0321777|Crashbox}} {{HBONetwork Shows}} [[Category:HBO television series]] [[Category:1990s American children's television series]] [[Category:2000s American children's television series]] [[Category:Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:Puppets]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:1999 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2000 American television series endings]] [[Category:1999 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2000 Canadian television series endings]] ardwt1qwc498nuxxpfjkyn4iztiuwnk 0 885866 10368232 8939161 2025-07-02T20:36:59Z Ferien 1011873 coords 10368232 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox museum | name = Tokyo Metro Museum | native_name = 地下鉄博物館 | native_name_lang = Japanese | logo = | logo_upright = | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | image = Metro Museum, entrance-1.jpg | image_size = 200px | image_upright = | alt = | caption = Entrance to the museum | map_type = | map_relief = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_dot_label = | coordinates = {{coord|35.6635|139.8738|type:landmark_region:JP|display=inline,title}} | former_name = <!-- or |former_names= --> | established = {{start date|1986|07|12|df=y}} | dissolved = <!-- {{end date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} --> | location = Edogawa, Tokyo | type = Railway museum | accreditation = | key_holdings = | collections = | collection_size = | visitors = | founder = | executive_director = | leader_type = | leader = | director = | president = | ceo = | chairperson = | curator = | architect = | historian = | owner = Metro Cultural Foundation | employees = | publictransit = | parking = <!-- or |car_park= --> | website = {{URL|https://www.chikahaku.jp/en/}} | network = | embedded = <!-- or |nrhp= --> }} The '''Tokyo Metro Museum''' is a [[railway museum]] in [[Edogawa, Tokyo|Edogawa Ward]], Tokyo, [[Japan]]. Metro Cultural Foundation is the [[wikt:caretaker|caretaker]] of the museum. It is an organization of the [[Tokyo Metro]] which does not work for any profit.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tokyometro.jp/lang_en/corporate/profile/group/index.html |title=Group Companies |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=Tokyo Metro |publisher= |access-date=November 1, 2021 |quote=}}</ref> The museum is 100 meters away from [[Kasai Station]].<ref name=railwaysociety>{{cite web |url= http://www.japaneserailwaysociety.com/jrs/members/marc/sbwm/sbwmus.htm|title=The Tokyo Subway Museum |last1=Naito |first1=Hiroshi |last2=Leith |first2=Anthony |date=2016 |website=japaneserailwaysociety.com |publisher= |access-date=November 1, 2021 |quote=}}</ref> Visitors enter the museum through a [[Rapid transit|subway]] ticket gate. Then they go through a section of an underground line. This line was the first underground line of Tokyo. It was opened in 1927 between [[Ueno Station|Ueno]] and Asakusa. As of 2021, it is a part of the Ginza Line.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.japanvisitor.com/japan-city-guides/japan-museums/subway-museum |title=Subway Museum Tokyo |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=Japan Visitor.com |publisher= |access-date=November 1, 2021 |quote=}}</ref> ==Collection== The museum presents some examples of the [[rolling stock]] used in the Tokyo metro system. It displays a car from an [[Eidan 300]] train that ran on the [[Marunouchi line]]. It also displays a car from an [[Eidan 1000]] train that ran on the [[Ginza line]].<ref name=Exhibits>{{cite web|url=https://www.chikahaku.jp/en/exhibits.html |title=Exhibits |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=Tokyo Metro Museum |publisher= |access-date=November 1, 2021 |quote=}}</ref> The museum has seven main exhibit spaces that explain,<ref name=Exhibits/> * History of the [[Rapid transit|subway]]; * Building the subway; * Keeping the subway safe; * Passenger services; * How do trains work?; * Subways of Japan and the world; * Subway play land. [[Driving simulators]] are also available for visitors to try.<ref name=Exhibits/> ===Collection details=== As soon as visitors enter through a [[Rapid transit|subway]] automatic ticket gate, they see an exhibit on the relationship between the city and the subway over the years. They also see the reconstruction of the Ueno station, as it is in 1927.<ref name=railwaysociety/> The next exhibit focus upon the construction of the subway [[tunnel]]s and the safety of the [[Railway track|lines]]. It exhibits details about the anti-[[flood]] system, the traffic-control system, [[Power station|power]] control centres and how the [[disaster]] prevention centre work.<ref name=railwaysociety/> The next section of the museum displays a Series 100 subway car. The museum allows visitors to enter the cab and use various car controls including the motors, the brakes and the [[pantograph]]. Scale examples show the electrical collection system used by the subway and the [[third rail]]. It also shows the working examples of electric motors and brakes. In the next section of the museum, there are real simulators. These simulators are used for the [[wikt:training|training]] of metro staff. Visitors can try one of three simulators under the guidance of museum staff.<ref name=railwaysociety/> The museum has a [[wikt:lecture|lecture hall]] and a lounge. It also has a library with a collection of subway-related works.<ref name=railwaysociety/> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Museums in Tokyo|Railway museums in Japan]] 7h4uyvl4mvzajd1zo5ziy7zzi7ug94b 0 886698 10368481 9379123 2025-07-02T23:28:06Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10368481 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andrea Kossányiová''' (born 6 August 1993) is a [[Czech Republic|Czech]] [[volleyball player]], playing as a Outside spiker. She is part of the Czech Republic women's national volleyball team. She competed at the 2019 Women's European Volleyball League, winning a gold medal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CEV - Confédération Européenne de Volleyball|url=https://www-old.cev.eu/Competition-Area/CompetitionTeamDetails.aspx?TeamID=11354&ID=1152|access-date=2021-11-27|website=www-old.cev.eu}}</ref> On club level she plays for PVK Olymp Prague, VK Agel Prostejov, VK UP Olomouc, and Volley Wrocław.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Andrea Kossanyiová » clubs :|url=https://women.volleybox.net/andrea-kossanyiova-p2676/clubs|access-date=2021-11-27|website=Women Volleybox|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == References == <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Kossanyiova, Andrea}} [[Category:1993 births]] [[Category:Czech volleyball players]] [[Category:Living people]] gqt5psxco7b1nl5judz4lfmzgnjiu2y 0 886927 10368937 10287496 2025-07-03T04:11:31Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Australia */ typo: duplication 10368937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use American English|date=June 2021}} {{Use mdy dates|date=June 2021}}'''Critical race theory''' ('''CRT''') is a way that scholars study and teach [[Civil and political rights|civil rights]] and the history of [[Race and ethnicity in the United States|race]], especially in the [[United States]]. Critical race theory shows another way of thinking and doing things than mainstream [[Liberalism in the United States|American liberal]] [[racial justice]].{{r|Ansell 2008}}<ref name="Britannica">{{cite web |title=Critical race theory |date=June 16, 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/critical-race-theory |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{sfn|Bridges|2019|p=7}}{{sfn|Crenshaw|Gotanda|Peller|Thomas|1995|p=xiii}} CRT looks at social, cultural, and legal things and the way they affect race and [[racism in the United States|racism]].{{sfn|Yosso|2005|pp=70–71}}<ref name="Gordon 1999">{{cite journal |last=Gordon |first=Lewis R. |date=Spring 1999 |title=A Short History of the 'Critical' in Critical Race Theory |url=http://www.apa.udel.edu/apa/archive/newsletters/v98n2/lawblack/gordon.asp |url-status=dead |journal=American Philosophy Association Newsletter |volume=98 |issue=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030502193950/http://www.apa.udel.edu/apa/archive/newsletters/v98n2/lawblack/gordon.asp |archive-date=May 2, 2003}}</ref> CRT says that the reason white people ended up and stayed richer and more politically powerful than people of other races was not only because of people acting racist on purpose. It was also because of complicated, changing social rules that people didn't always know were there.<ref name="Gillborn 2020">{{Citation |last1=Gillborn |first1=David |last2=Ladson-Billings |first2=Gloria |title=Critical Race Theory |date=2020 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781526421036764633 |work=SAGE Research Methods Foundations |publisher=SAGE Publications |doi=10.4135/9781526421036764633 |isbn=978-1-5264-2103-6 |s2cid=240846071 |access-date=June 21, 2021 |archive-date=June 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622024959/https://methods.sagepub.com/foundations/critical-race-theory |url-status=live}}</ref>{{r|Iati}} American legal scholars started CRT in the mid-1970s. [[Derrick Bell]], Alan Freeman, [[Kimberlé Crenshaw]], [[Richard Delgado]], [[Cheryl Harris]], Charles R. Lawrence III, [[Mari Matsuda]], and [[Patricia J. Williams]] wrote about it.{{r|Ansell 2008}} It became a movement by the 1980s. Critical race theory included some theories of [[critical legal studies]] (CLS) but it put more focus on race.{{r|Ansell 2008}}{{sfn|Cole|2007|pp=112–113|ps=: "CRT was a reaction to Critical Legal Studies (CLS)&nbsp;... CRT was a response to CLS, criticizing the latter for its undue emphasis on class and economic structure, and insisting that 'race' is a more critical identity."}} CRT uses [[critical theory]]<ref>{{harvnb|Crenshaw|Gotanda|Peller|Thomas|1995|p=xxvii}}</ref> and scholars [[Antonio Gramsci]], [[Sojourner Truth]], [[Frederick Douglass]], and [[W. E. B. DuBois]] are in it, as well as the [[Black Power]], [[Chicano]], and [[radical feminist]] movements from the 1960s and 1970s.{{r|Ansell 2008}} CRT scholars think about race as an [[intersectionality|intersectional]] [[Social constructionism|social construct]]. "Social construct" means that it comes from society's rules and not from the physical world. For example, money is a social construct. A piece of paper is worth money because the society agrees that it is. For example, which continent someone's ancestors came from is a real thing. However, whether or not that is important is a social construct. When CRT says that race is not "biologically grounded and natural," it does not mean that human beings from different parts of Earth do not look different. It means that the rules around looking different are made up.<ref name="Curry 2009a">{{cite book |last1=Curry |first1=Tommy |editor1-last=Greene |editor1-first=Helen Taylor |editor2-last=Gabbidon |editor2-first=Shaun L. |title=Encyclopedia of Race and Crime |date=2009a |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=978-1-4129-5085-5 |chapter=Critical Race Theory}}</ref>{{rp|166}}<ref name="Gillborn 2020" /> Instead, they think of race as an idea that makes life easier for [[white people]]<ref name="Curry 2009a" /> by making it worse for people in other [[race (human categorization)|race]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Milner |first1=Richard |title=Analyzing Poverty, Learning, and Teaching Through a Critical Race Theory Lens |journal=Review of Research in Education |volume=37}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Crenshaw |first1=Kimberly |title=Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. |journal=Stanford Law Review |date=1990}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Crenshaw |first1=Kimberle |title=Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: a black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. |journal=Chicago: University of Chicago Legal Forum. |date=1989}}</ref> In legal studies, CRT says that even laws that are [[Color blindness (racial classification)|color blind]], meaning laws that look like they are not about race, can still have [[Discrimination based on skin color|racist effects]].<ref name="Crenshaw 2019">{{Cite book |last=Crenshaw |first=Kimberlé Williams |chapter-url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1525/9780520972148-004/html |title=Seeing Race Again: Countering Colorblindness across the Disciplines |chapter=Unmasking Colorblindness in the Law: Lessons from the Formation of Critical Race Theory |date=2019 |pages=52–84 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-97214-8 |doi=10.1525/9780520972148-004 |jstor=j.ctvcwp0hd |s2cid=243191319 |chapter-url-access=subscription |access-date=June 21, 2021 |archive-date=June 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622024959/https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1525/9780520972148-004/html |url-status=live}}</ref> CRT focuses on [[intersectionality]], which means that race affects other identities, for example gender and [[social class]], to produce complicated effects on power and advantage.<ref name="Gillborn 2021">{{Cite journal |last=Gillborn |first=David |date=2015 |title=Intersectionality, Critical Race Theory, and the Primacy of Racism: Race, Class, Gender, and Disability in Education |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1077800414557827 |journal=Qualitative Inquiry |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=277–287 |doi=10.1177/1077800414557827 |s2cid=147260539 |issn=1077-8004 |access-date=June 21, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114024227/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1077800414557827 |url-status=live}}</ref> Scholars who do not think CRT is good say that CRT acts as if [[storytelling]] is more important than evidence and logic, that it does not treat truth and merit as important enough, and that it does not value liberalism enough.<ref name="Britannica" /><ref name="cabrera" /> Since 2020, conservative U.S. lawmakers have tried to keep CRT and other [[Anti-racism|anti{{nbh}}racism]] education out of [[Primary school|primary]] and [[Secondary school|secondary]] schools.{{r|Iati|Wallace-Wells}} CRT is only taught at the [[university]] level, though some lower-level curricula do teach some CRT without calling it that.{{r|Britannica|Iati}} Supporters of CRT say these lawmakers don't talk honestly about CRT and that what they really want is for people to stop talking about racism, equality, [[social justice]], and the history of race in America.<ref name="Bump">{{Cite news |last=Bump |first=Philip |title=Analysis {{!}} The Scholar Strategy: How 'critical race theory' alarms could convert racial anxiety into political energy |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/06/15/scholar-strategy-how-critical-race-theory-alarms-could-convert-racial-anxiety-into-political-energy/ |date=June 15, 2021 |issn=0190-8286 |url-access=limited |access-date=June 21, 2021 |archive-date=June 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622025034/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/06/15/scholar-strategy-how-critical-race-theory-alarms-could-convert-racial-anxiety-into-political-energy/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{r|Harris, Adam}}<ref>{{Cite web |title='The Tea Party to the 10th power': Trumpworld bets big on critical race theory |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2021/06/23/trumpworld-critical-race-theory-495712 |access-date=June 23, 2021 |website=POLITICO |language=en}}</ref> {{Toclimit|3}} ==Definitions== In his introduction to the comprehensive 1995 publication of critical race theory's key writings, [[Cornel West]] describes CRT as "an intellectual movement that is both particular to our postmodern (and conservative) times and part of a long tradition of human resistance and liberation."<ref name="West_1995"/>{{rp|xi-xii}} Law professor [[Roy L. Brooks]] defines critical race theory in 1994 as "a collection of critical stances against the existing legal order from a race-based point of view".{{sfn|Brooks|1994|p=85}} ''[[Education Week]]'' describes the core of CRT as the idea that that race is a [[Social constructionism|social construct]] and [[racism]] is neither an individual bias nor prejudice{{emdash}}it is "embedded in the legal system" and supplemented with policies and procedures.<ref name="edweek_Sawchuk_20210518">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.edweek.org/leadership/what-is-critical-race-theory-and-why-is-it-under-attack/2021/05 |title=What Is Critical Race Theory, and Why Is It Under Attack? |first=Stephen |last=Sawchuk |date=May 18, 2021 |access-date=November 10, 2021 |magazine=Education Week |url-access=limited}}</ref> [[University of Alabama School of Law]] professor [[Richard Delgado]], a co-founder of critical race theory, defines it in 2017 as "a collection of activists and scholars interested in studying and transforming the relationship among race, racism, and power".{{sfn|Delgado|Stefancic|2017|p=3}} Gloria Ladson-Billings, a [[Pedagogy|pedagogical]] theorist who introduced CRT to the field of education in 1994,<ref name="LadsonBillings_1994">{{cite journal |last1=Ladson-Billings |first1=Gloria|author1-link=Gloria Ladson-Billings |last2=Tate |first2=William F. IV |year=1994 |title=Toward a Critical Race Theory of Education |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279676094 |journal=[[Teachers College Record]] |volume=97 |issue=1 |pages=47–68 |doi=10.1177/016146819509700104|s2cid=246702897|issn=0161-4681 |via=ResearchGate}}</ref> describes CRT as an "interdisciplinary approach that seeks to understand and combat race inequity in society."<ref name="Gillborn 2021"/> ==Early years== Delgado and legal writer [[Jean Stefancic]] wrote an article in 1998 called "Critical Race Theory: Past, Present, and Future." According to that article, CRT began with [[Derrick Bell]] in his 1976 ''[[Yale Law Journal]]'' article, "Serving Two Masters"<ref name="Delgado_19980101">{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1093/clp/51.1.467| issn = 0070-1998| volume = 51| issue = 1| pages = 467–491| last1 = Delgado| first1 = Richard| last2 = Stefancic| first2 = Jean| title = Critical Race Theory: Past, Present, and Future| journal = Current Legal Problems| access-date = November 8, 2021| date = 1 January 1998| url = https://doi.org/10.1093/clp/51.1.467}}</ref>{{rp|467}}{{sfn|Delgado|Stefancic|2001|p=30}}<ref name="Yale_Bell_1976">{{Cite journal| doi = 10.2307/795339| issn = 0044-0094| volume = 85| issue = 4| pages = 470–516| last = Bell| first = Derrick A.| title = Serving Two Masters: Integration Ideals and Client Interests in School Desegregation L1itigation| journal = The Yale Law Journal| access-date = November 8, 2021| date = March 1976| url = https://www.jstor.org/stable/795339| jstor = 795339}}</ref> and his 1980 ''[[Harvard Law Review]]'' article "Brown v. Board of Education and the Interest-Convergence Dilemma."<ref name="Delgado_19980101"/><ref name="HLR_Bell_1980">{{Cite journal| doi = 10.2307/1340546| issn = 0017-811X| volume = 93| issue = 3| pages = 518–533| last = Bell| first = Derrick A.| title = Brown v. Board of Education and the Interest-Convergence Dilemma| journal = Harvard Law Review| access-date = November 8, 2021| date = 1980| url = https://www.jstor.org/stable/1340546| jstor = 1340546}}</ref><ref name="PEN_Friedman_20211108">{{Cite report| publisher = PEN America| last = Friedman| first = Jonathan| title = Educational Gag Orders: Legislative Restrictions on the Freedom to Read, Learn, and Teach| location = New York| access-date = November 8, 2021| date = November 8, 2021| url = https://pen.org/report/educational-gag-orders/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109185512/https://pen.org/report/educational-gag-orders/ |archive-date=November 9, 2021}}</ref> Bell started out as a civil rights lawyer. He won 300 civil rights cases for the NAACP in Mississippi. Later, he worked as a professor at [[Harvard Law School]]. There, Bell made new classes about American law and how it worked with race. In 2001, Delgado and Stefancic also wrote ''Critical Race Theory: a Introduction''{{sfn|Delgado|Stefancic|2001}}. That book talked about Bell's "interest convergence" as a "means of understanding Western racial history."<ref name="Delgado_19980101"/>{{rp|467}} The focus on desegregation after the 1954 Supreme Court decision in [[Brown v. Board of Education]]{{emdash}}declaring school segregation unconstitutional{{emdash}}left "civil-rights lawyers compromised between their clients' interests and the law." Many Black parents wanted better schools for their children but the lawyers wanted a "breakthrough," a famous case that would change things for the whole country.<ref name="Delgado_19980101"/>{{rp|467}}<ref name="newyorker_Jackson_20210727">{{Cite magazine| last = Jackson| first = Lauren Michele| title = The Void That Critical Race Theory Was Created to Fill| magazine = The New Yorker| access-date = November 8, 2021| date = July 7, 2021| url = https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/the-void-that-critical-race-theory-was-created-to-fill}}</ref> In 1995, [[Cornel West]] said that Bell was "virtually the lone dissenter" because he wrote articles in famous law review publications challenging the ways people thought about the law and people of color.<ref name="West_1995">{{Cite book| publisher = The New Press| isbn = 978-1-56584-271-7| last = West| first = Cornel| series = Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings that Formed the Movement |title=Introduction| date = 1995}}</ref> Bell wrote his own material for the classes he taught. In 1970, he turned them into a book called ''Race, racism, and American law''.<ref name="Bell_1970">{{Cite book| publisher = Harvard Law School| last = Bell| first = Derrick A| title = Race, racism, and American law| location = Cambridge, Mass.| date = 1970 |oclc=22681096 |pages=1139 pages}}</ref> He became Harvard Law School's first Black tenured professor in 1971.<ref name="newyorker_Jackson_20210727"/> In 1980, Bell resigned from the university because he thought it was doing racist things,<ref name="Harris, Adam">{{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Adam |date=May 7, 2021 |title=The GOP's 'Critical Race Theory' Obsession |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2021/05/gops-critical-race-theory-fixation-explained/618828/ |access-date=June 21, 2021 |website=The Atlantic |url-access=limited |archive-date=May 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526223637/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2021/05/gops-critical-race-theory-fixation-explained/618828/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and he became the dean at [[University of Oregon School of Law]]. Later, he went back to Harvard as a visiting professor. While he was away from Harvard, his supporters organized protests against Harvard's lack of [[racial diversity]] in the [[curriculum|classes]], student body, and teachers.{{sfn|Crenshaw|Gotanda|Peller|Thomas|1995|pp=xix–xx}}{{r|Buras 2014}} In 1981, one student protest started a new class based on Bell's course and textbook{{emdash}}. In that class, students brought in visiting professors, such as Charles Lawrence, Linda Greene, Neil Gotanda, and Richard Delgado,<ref name="newyorker_Jackson_20210727"/> to teach ''Race, racism, and American law''.<ref name="CRA_origins_20210902">{{Cite podcast| number = 39| title = The Insurgent Origins of Critical Race Theory| series = Intersectionality Matters!| access-date = November 9, 2021| url = https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/39-the-insurgent-origins-of-critical-race-theory/id1441348908?i=1000534153352 |author=Anthony Cook |author2=Daniel Martinez Hosang |author3=Gloria Ladson-Billings |author4=Gary Peller |author5=Robert A. Williams |date=September 2, 2021}}</ref><ref name="Gottesman 2016">{{Cite book|last=Gottesman|first=Isaac|title=The Critical Turn in Education: From Marxist Critique to Poststructuralist Feminism to Critical Theories of Race|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2016|isbn=978-1-3176-7095-7|location=London|pages=123|chapter=Critical Race Theory and Legal Studies}}</ref>{{sfn|Crenshaw|Gotanda|Peller|Thomas|1995|pp=xix–xxvii}} The students asked faculty members who were people of color to teach the new courses.{{sfn|Crenshaw|Gotanda|Peller|Thomas|1995|pp=xix–xx}}<ref name="Buras 2014">{{cite book |last1=Buras |first1=Kristen L. |editor-last1=Dixson |editor-first1=Adrienne D. |title=Researching Race in Education: Policy, Practice, and Qualitative Research |date=2014 |publisher=Information Age Publishing |location=Charlotte, N.C. |isbn=978-1-6239-6678-2 |pages=49–50 |chapter=From Carter G. Woodson to Critical Race Curriculum Studies |quote=When Bell departed from Harvard to lead the University of Oregon School of Law, Harvard's law students of color demanded that another faculty member of color be hired to replace him.}}</ref> The university said no to the things the students wanted. They said there was no black instructor who was qualified to teach the course.{{sfn|Crenshaw|Gotanda|Peller|Thomas|1995|page=xx|ps=: "The liberal white Harvard administration responded to student protests, demonstrations, rallies, and sit-ins{{emdash}}including a takeover of the Dean's office{{emdash}}by asserting that there were no qualified black scholars who merited Harvard's interest."}} Legal scholar Randall Kennedy wrote that some students had "felt affronted" by Harvard's choice to hire an "archetypal white liberal... in a way that precludes the development of black leadership."<ref name="Kennedy, Randall">{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Randall L. |title=Racial Critiques of Legal Academia |journal=Harvard Law Review |date=June 1989 |volume=102 |issue=8 |pages=1745–1819 |doi=10.2307/1341357 |jstor=1341357 |url=https://harvardlawreview.org/2020/10/racial-critiques-of-legal-academia/}}</ref> Delgado and Stefancic said Alan Freeman, who wrote in the 1970s, was also part of the beginning of critical race theory.{{sfn|Delgado|Stefancic|2001|p=30}} In his 1978 ''Minnesota Law Review'' article, Freeman wrote about the Supreme Court and civil rights laws from 1953 to 1969. He said their interpretation of the law was too narrow to stop racial discrimination.<ref name="Freeman_1978">{{Cite journal| last = Freeman| first = Alan David| title = Legitimizing Racial Discrimination through Antidiscrimination law: A Critical Review of Supreme Court Doctrine| journal = Minnesota Law Review| date = January 1, 1978 |volume=62 |number=73}}</ref> In his article, Freeman said there were two ways to look at racial discrimination: victim and perpetrator. To the victim, racial discrimination was about real-world conditions and about the "consciousness associated with those objective conditions." To the perpetrator, racial discrimination was only about being able to perform actions without thining about the real-world conditions of the victims, such as the "lack of jobs, lack of money, lack of housing."<ref name="Freeman_1978"/> In 1989, Kimberlé Crenshaw, Neil Gotanda, and Stephanie Phillips did a workshop at the [[University of Wisconsin-Madison]]. They called it "New Developments in Critical Race Theory." This was when people started calling it "Critical Race Theory." They said it would be an "intersection of critical theory and race, racism, and the law."<ref name="West_1995"/>{{rp|xxvii}} Crenshaw chose Harvard to study under Bell because she had learned about him at [[Cornell]].<ref name="CRA_origins_20210902"/>{{rp|c.14:36}} Crenshaw organized the alternative course using Bell's course materials. She was part of a group of students who considered themselves part of the "post-civil rights generation".<ref name="CRA_origins_20210902"/>{{rp|c.14:36}} After this meeting, legal scholars started writing more articles with critical race theory in them, including over "300 leading law review articles" and books.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Teachers College Press| isbn = 978-0-8077-6583-8| last = Ladson-Billings| first = Gloria| title = Critical Race Theory in Education: A Scholar's Journey| accessdate = 2021-11-11| date = 2021-09-10| url = https://www.powells.com/book/critical-race-theory-in-education-9780807765838}}</ref>{{rp|108}}{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}} In 1990, Duncan Kennedy published an article about [[affirmative action]] in law schools in the ''Duke Law Journal'',{{sfn|Kennedy|1990}} and Anthony E. Cook published his article "Beyond Critical Legal Studies" in the ''Harvard Law Review''.<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.2307/1341453| issn = 0017-811X| volume = 103| issue = 5| pages = 985–1044| last = Cook| first = Anthony E.| title = Beyond Critical Legal Studies: The Reconstructive Theology of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.| journal = Harvard Law Review| accessdate = 2021-11-10| date = 1990| url = https://www.jstor.org/stable/1341453| jstor = 1341453}}</ref> In 1991, Patricia Williams published ''[[The Alchemy of Race and Rights]]'', while Derrick Bell published ''Faces at the Bottom of the Well'' in 1992.<ref name="Gottesman 2016" />{{rp|124}} Cheryl I. Harris published her 1993 ''Harvard Law Review'' article "Whiteness as Property" in which she described how [[Passing (racial identity)|looking like a white person]] led to benefits similar to owning property.<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.2307/1341787| issn = 0017-811X| volume = 106| issue = 8| pages = 1707–1791| last = Harris| first = Cheryl I.| title = Whiteness as Property| journal = Harvard Law Review| accessdate = 2021-11-10| date = 1993| url = https://www.jstor.org/stable/1341787| jstor = 1341787}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| last = Warren| first = James| title = Whiteness as Property| work = Chicago Tribune| access-date = November 10, 2021| date = September 5, 1993| url = https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1993-09-05-9309050031-story.html}}</ref> In 1995, 24 legal scholars contributed to a major compilation of key writings on critical race theory.{{sfn|Crenshaw|Gotanda|Peller|Thomas|1995|p=xiii}} Although CLS criticized the way the legal system had made and protected social structures that allowed racism or made it worse, CLS did not talk about how to solve this problems. Derrick Bell and Alan Freeman said that CLS could not provide solutions unless it talked about race and racism.{{sfn|Yosso|2005|p=71}} CRT criticized CLS for focusing too much on class and economic structures and not enough on race.<ref name="Ansell 2008">{{Cite book |last=Ansell |first=Amy |title=Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society, Volume 1 |publisher=SAGE Publications |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-4129-2694-2 |editor-first=Richard T. |editor-last=Schaefer |pages=344–346 |chapter=Critical Race Theory |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofra0001unse_o0i9/page/344/mode/1up |chapter-url-access=registration |doi=10.4135/9781412963879.n138}}</ref>{{rp|344}} ===Growth and expansion=== In 1995, [[Gloria Ladson-Billings]] and William F. Tate started using critical race theory in education.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ladson-Billings |first1=Gloria |title=Just what is critical race theory and what's it doing in a nice field like education? |url= |journal=International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education |date=January 1998 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=7–24 |doi=10.1080/095183998236863|s2cid=53628887 }}</ref> In an article they wrote in 1995, Ladson-Billings and Tate talked about why education focused on what white people think of as normal. They looked at how schooling was not always fair and equal. Other scholars have since spread this to [[School segregation in the United States|school segregation in the U.S.]]; relations between race, gender, and academic achievement; [[pedagogy]]; and [[research methodologies|ways of studying social problems]].<ref name="Donnor">{{cite book |author1-last=Donnor |author1-first=Jamel |author2-last=Ladson-Billings |author2-first=Gloria |editor1-last=Denzin |editor1-first=Norman |editor2-last=Lincoln |editor2-first=Yvonna |title=The SAGE handbook of qualitative research |year=2017 |publisher=Sage Publications |location=Thousand Oaks, California |isbn=978-1-4833-4980-0 |edition=Fifth |chapter=Critical Race Theory and the Postracial Imaginary |page=366}}</ref> According to [[University of Edinburgh]] philosophy professor, [[Tommy J. Curry]], by 2009, many agreed with CRT's idea that race was socially constructed, not "biologically grounded and natural."<ref name="Curry 2009a"/> "[[Social construct]]" means that even though how much [[melanin|dark pigment]] different people have in their skin is a real thing, and which continent their ancestors came from is a real thing, whether or not those facts are important is made up by society. For example, money is a social construct. A round piece of metal is real. A piece of paper with ink on it is real. But societies decide whether the metal is a coin and whether the paper is paper money. {{As of|2002}}, over 20 [[Law school in the United States|American law schools]] and at least three non-American [[law school]]s offered critical race theory courses or classes.{{sfn|Harris|2002|p=1216|ps=: "Over twenty American law schools offer courses in Critical Race Theory or include Critical Race Theory as a central part of other courses. Critical Race Theory is a formal course in a number of universities in the United States and in at least three foreign law schools."}} Critical race theory is also used in [[Education Studies|education]], [[political science]], [[women's studies]], [[ethnic studies]], [[Communication studies|communication]], [[Sociology of race and ethnic relations|sociology]], and [[American studies]]. Critical race theory also works with specific groups, for example Latino-critical (LatCrit), queer-critical, and Asian-critical movements. These groups work with with the main body of critical theory research. Over time, they found their own goals and ways of finding information.{{sfn|Delgado|Stefancic|2017|pp=7–8}} CRT has also been taught outside the United States, including in the United Kingdom and Australia.<ref>{{cite web |title=Critical Race Theory |publisher=Centre for Research in Race and Education; University of Birmingham |url=https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/research/crre/critical-race-theory/index.aspx |access-date=June 25, 2021}}</ref><ref name="Quinn 2020">{{cite web |last=Quinn |first=Karl |title=Are all white people racist? Why Critical Race Theory has us rattled |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=November 6, 2020 |url=https://www.smh.com.au/culture/books/are-all-white-people-racist-why-critical-race-theory-has-us-rattled-20201105-p56bwv.html | access-date=June 26, 2021 | url-access=limited}}</ref> == Common themes == Richard Delgado and Jean Stefancic say that critical race theory has several themes: * '''Critique of liberalism''': Critical race theory asks whether regular liberalism is right or wrong about Enlightenment [[rationalism]], [[legal equality]] and [[constitutional]] neutrality. Critical race theory says the [[incrementalist]] approach of traditional civil-rights discourse is not so good. The incrementalist approach is about taking small steps at a time. Increments are steps.{{sfn|Delgado|Stefancic|2017|p=3}} Critical race theory favors a [[Race-conscious policy|race-conscious]] approach to [[social transformation]]. Critical race theory asks people to check whether [[affirmative action]], [[color blindness (race)|color blindness]], [[role model]]ing, and the [[Meritocracy|merit principle]] really are good or bad and how much {{sfn|Delgado|Stefancic|1993|p=462}} preferring [[Political organization|political organizing]] over liberalism's reliance on [[Rights-based approach to development|rights-based remedies]]. * '''Storytelling''', '''counter-storytelling''', and "'''naming one's own reality'''": Critical race theory says it is good to use [[storytelling]] to talk about how [[racial oppression]] affects people's real lives.{{sfn|Delgado|Stefancic|1993}}{{examples|date=October 2021}} Bryan Brayboy talks about the [[Epistemology|importance]] of storytelling in [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indigenous American]] communities and he proposed a Tribal Critical Race Theory (TribCrit).<ref name="Brayboy">{{Cite journal |last=Brayboy |first=Bryan McKinley Jones |date=December 2005 |title=Toward a Tribal Critical Race Theory in Education |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_urban-review_2005-12_37_5/page/425 |journal=The Urban Review |volume=37 |issue=5 |pages=425–446 |doi=10.1007/s11256-005-0018-y |s2cid=145515195 |issn=0042-0972}}</ref> * '''Revisionist interpretations''' of American [[civil rights law]] and progress: Criticism of civil-rights scholarship and [[anti-discrimination law]], such as ''[[Brown v. Board of Education]]''. Derrick Bell, one of CRT's founders, argues that civil-rights advances for black people coincided with the self-interest of white [[Elitism|elitists]], which Bell termed ''interest convergence''.<ref name="Bell1980">{{cite journal |last=Bell |first=Derrick A, Jr. |author-link=Derrick Bell |year=1980 |title=''Brown v. Board of Education'' and the Interest-Convergence Dilemma |url=http://www.hartfordschools.org/files/Equity%20Page/Interest_Convergence_by_Bell.pdf |journal=Harvard Law Review |volume=93 |issue=3 |pages=518–533 |access-date=September 18, 2016 |via= |doi=10.2307/1340546 |jstor=1340546 |archive-date=September 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910115642/http://hartfordschools.org/files/Equity%20Page/Interest_Convergence_by_Bell.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Shih|first=David|date=2017-04-19|title=A Theory To Better Understand Diversity, And Who Really Benefits|language=en|work=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2017/04/19/523563345/a-theory-to-better-understand-diversity-and-who-really-benefits|access-date=2021-10-20}}</ref> [[Mary L. Dudziak]] searched through [[archival research|records]] in the [[United States Department of State|U.S. Department of State]] and [[United States Department of Justice|Department of Justice]] and found that U.S. government support for civil-rights legislation "was motivated in part by the concern that racial discrimination harmed the United States' foreign relations."{{sfnm |1a1=Delgado |1a2=Stefancic |1y=1993 |2a1=Delgado |2a2=Stefancic |2y=2017 |2pp=25–26 |3a1=Dudziak |3y=1993}}{{examples|date=October 2021}} * '''Intersectional theory''': This is the study of how race works with and against other things that affect people's lives, for example sex, social class, [[national origin]], and [[sexual orientation]]. For example, studying how the needs of a Latina female are different from those of a black male.{{sfnm |1a1=Delgado |1a2=Stefancic |1y=1993 |2a1=Delgado |2a2=Stefancic |2y=2012 |2pp=51–55}} * '''Standpoint epistemology''': This is the idea that someone who is a member of a specific minority group has more authority to talk about that group that people outside that group do not have. For example, a Korean person has more authority to talk about being Korean than a white or black person does. Critical race theory also says that this can show where the law does not really treat people equally.<ref name="Ansell 2008"/> * '''Essentialism vs. anti-essentialism''': This is about how important race is and whether it is more important than other things. Delgado and Stefancic write, "Scholars who write about these issues are concerned with the appropriate unit for analysis: Is the black community one, or many, communities? Do middle- and working-class African-Americans have different interests and needs? Do all oppressed peoples have something in common?" This talks about how even people who are in the same group or look like they are in the same group might need different things. This is because their lives are not only about being in that one group. They may be in more than one group.{{sfnm |1a1=Delgado |1a2=Stefancic |1y=1993 |2a1=Delgado |2a2=Stefancic |2y=2017 |2pp=63–66}} * '''Structural determinism''': Exploration of how "the structure of legal thought or culture influences its content" in a way that determines social outcomes.{{sfnm |1a1=Delgado |1a2=Stefancic |1y=1993 |2a1=Delgado |2a2=Stefancic |2y=2012 |2pp=26, 155}}{{examples|date=October 2021}} * '''Empathetic fallacy''': This is the idea that people can change other people's minds by telling a story to try to get them to understand how other people suffer or are harmed. This is called [[empathy]]. According to CRT, empathy is not enough to change racism because most people do not meet enough people who are different from themselves and most people do not look for stories about people in other groups.{{sfn|Delgado|Stefancic|2017|pp=33–35}} * '''Non-white cultural nationalism'''/'''separatism''': This is the most radical idea. It is that people in different racial groups should think about living in different countries or other structures. This is connected to [[separatism]] and [[Reparations (transitional justice)|reparations]], both for [[foreign aid]] and [[black nationalism]].{{sfn|Delgado|Stefancic|1993}} === Internalization === Scholar Karen Pyke studied and wrote papers about [[internalized racism]] or [[Internalized oppression|internalized racial oppression]]. This is when people who suffer from racism start to believe that they are not as good as whites or that their culture is not as good as white culture. They think this not because they are less intelligent or easier to trick than other people are. Instead, it is because this is how authority and [[power (social and political)|power]] in society make people feel.{{sfn|Pyke|2010|p=552}} === Institutional racism === Camara Phyllis Jones defines [[institutionalized racism]] like this: {{blockquote|text=differential access to the goods, services, and opportunities of society by race. Institutionalized racism is [[normative]], sometimes [[Legalization (international law)|legalized]] and often manifests as inherited disadvantage. It is [[Structuralism|structural]], having been absorbed into our [[institution]]s of custom, practice, and law, so there need not be an identifiable offender. Indeed, institutionalized racism is often evident as inaction in the face of need, manifesting itself both in material conditions and in access to power. With regard to the former, examples include differential access to quality education, sound [[housing]], [[gainful employment]], appropriate medical facilities, and a clean environment.{{sfn|Jones|2002|pp=9–10}}}} In other words, institutionalized racism is when the society is set up to help some people more than others and hurt some people more than others and it isn't always easy to see this happening. With institutionalized racism, a white person does not need to do anything racist to a non-white person. The rules of the society do it for them. For example, the schools in white neighborhoods might have more and newer computers than the schools in black neighborhoods, which means the white schoolchildren will get better grades even if the black schoolchildren work just as hard. The people at the white school might not know that the people at the black school have worse computers. In English, we say this as, "this is not a [[level playing field]]." === Influence of critical legal studies === Critical race theory is like critical theory, critical legal studies, [[feminist legal theory|feminist jurisprudence]], and [[postcolonial theory]]. [[Tommy J. Curry]] wrote that the [[epistemic]] ways in which these ways of thinking are similar come from [[idealism]]. Idealism is about [[discourse]] (i.e., how individuals speak about race) and the theories of white [[Continental philosophy|Continental philosophers]] and the way they talk about structural and institutional stories about [[White supremacy#Academic use of the term|white supremacy]]. These ways of speaking and thinking are important to [[Realistic conflict theory|realist]] analysis of racism from Derrick Bell's early writing,{{sfn|Curry|2012}}{{page needed|date=September 2016}}. Black thinkers, for example, W. E. B. Du Bois, [[Paul Robeson]], and Judge [[Robert L. Carter]] wrote about them even more.{{sfn|Curry|2009b}}{{page needed|date=September 2016}} Critical race theory uses the things critical legal studies says are important. It also uses ways of looking at things from critical legal studies and civil rights scholarship, but it also argues with them. Critical race theory takes its theory from many places. Angela P. Harris says critical race theory has the same "commitment to a vision of liberation from racism through right reason" as civil rights tradition.{{sfn|Harris|1994|pp=741–743}} It [[deconstruction|deconstructs]] some premises and arguments of [[legal theory]] and simultaneously holds that legally constructed rights are incredibly important.{{sfnm |1a1=Crenshaw |1a2=Gotanda |1a3=Peller |1a4=Thomas |1y=1995 |1p=xxiv |1ps=: "To the emerging race crits, rights discourse held a social and transformative value in the context of racial subordination that transcended the narrower question of whether reliance on rights alone could bring about any determinate results" |2a1=Harris |2y=1994}}{{page needed|date=September 2016}} Derrick Bell says that Harris thinks critical race theory is committed to "radical [[critique]] of the law (which is [[Normative legal thought|normatively]] [[deconstruction]]ist) and... radical emancipation by the law (which is normatively reconstructionist)."{{sfn|Bell|1995|p=899}} == Applications == Scholars of critical race theory have used it to look at [[hate crime]] and [[hate speech]]. The [[US Supreme Court|U.S. Supreme Court]] made a ruling on hate speech in ''[[R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul]]'' in 1992. In that ruling, the Court struck down an anti-[[bias]] ordinance. In that case, a teenager who had burned a cross. Mari Matsuda and Charles Lawrence argued that the Court had not looked closely at the history of racist speech and the actual injury that racist speech can cause.<ref>[[Mari Matsuda|Matsuda, Mari J.]], and Charles R. Lawrence. 1993. "Epilogue: Burning Crosses and the R.A.V. Case." In ''Words That Wound: Critical Race Theory, Assaultive Speech and the First Amendment'', edited by M. J. Matsuda ''et al.''</ref> Critical race theorists also say [[affirmative action]] is good. They say that rules for whom to fire or whom to let into a good school that are officially based only on "merit," for example grades alone, are not really race-neutral.{{sfnm |1a1=Delgado |1y=1995 |2a1=Kennedy |2y=1990 |3a1=Williams |3y=1991}} == Criticism == ===Academics and jurists=== According to the ''[[Encyclopedia Britannica]]'', "aspects of CRT have been criticized by legal scholars and jurists from across the political spectrum." Critics say it has a "[[postmodernism|postmodern]] way of looking at the truth. It also says critical race theory opposes "the traditional liberal ideals of neutrality, equality, and fairness in the law and legal procedures and of unreasonably spurning the notion of objective standards of merit in academia and in public and private employment, instead interpreting any racial inequity or imbalance in legal, academic, or economic outcomes as proof of institutional racism and as grounds for directly imposing racially equitable outcomes in those realms." People who want to use CRT have also been accused of calling criticism of CRT racist.<ref name=Britannica/> In 1997, law professors [[Daniel A. Farber]] and [[Suzanna Sherry]] said that critical race theory did not have enough evidence to support it. Instead, they said, it was based on the belief that reality was a socially construct, that it pushed away evidence to use storytelling instead, rejected truth and merit as ways of looking at political dominance, and rejected the rule of law.{{r|Farber & Sherry 1997}}<ref name=cabrera>{{cite journal |last1=Cabrera |first1=Nolan L. |title=Where is the Racial Theory in Critical Race Theory?: A constructive criticism of the Crits |journal=The Review of Higher Education |date=2018 |volume=42 |issue=1 |pages=209–233 |doi=10.1353/rhe.2018.0038 |s2cid=149791522 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/704817/summary |access-date=10 November 2021 |issn=1090-7009}}</ref> In 1995, Farber and Sherry wrote that anti-meritocratic tenets in critical race theory, critical feminism, and critical legal studies may unintentionally lead to [[antisemitic]] and [[Racism in the United States#Asian Americans|anti-Asian]] implications.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hernández-Truyol |first1=Berta E. |last2=Harris |first2=Angela P. |last3=Valdes |first3=Francisco |title=Beyond the First Decade: A Forward-Looking History of LatCrit Theory, Community and Praxis |journal=Berkeley la Raza Law Journal |date=2006 |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2666047 |publisher=Social Science Research Network |ssrn=2666047 |language=en |access-date=January 9, 2021 |archive-date=June 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617122949/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2666047 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Farber |first1=Daniel A. |last2=Sherry |first2=Suzanna |title=Is the Radical Critique of Merit Anti-Semitic? |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_california-law-review_1995-05_83_3/page/853 |journal=California Law Review |date=May 1995 |volume=83 |issue=3 |pages=853 |doi=10.2307/3480866 |jstor=3480866 |quote=Therefore, the authors suggest, the radical critique of merit has the wholly unintended consequence of being anti-Semitic and possibly racist. |hdl=1803/6607 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> They wrote in 1997 that if the system really is unfair in its structure the way critical race theorists say it is, then the success of Jews and Asians might make people say they cheated. In 2017, Delgado and Stefancic wrote a response: They said that there was a difference between criticizing an unfair system and criticizing individuals who do well inside that system.<ref name="Farber & Sherry 1997">{{cite book |last1=Farber |first1=Daniel A. |last2=Sherry |first2=Suzanna |title=Beyond All Reason: The Radical Assault on Truth in American Law |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=1997 |isbn=978-0-19-535543-7 |pages=5, 9–11, 58, 118–119, 127 |url=https://archive.org/details/beyondallreasonr00farb/mode/1up |url-access=registration}}</ref>{{sfn|Delgado|Stefancic|2017|pp=103–104}} In a 1999 ''[[Boston College Law Review]]'' article called ''Race, Equality and the Rule of Law: Critical Race Theory's Attack on the Promises of Liberalism'', First Amendment lawyer Jeffrey J. Pyle said that critical race theory undermined confidence in the rule of law. He wrote that "critical race theorists attack the very foundations of the liberal legal order, including equality theory, legal reasoning, Enlightenment rationalism and neutral principles of constitutional law."{{sfn|Pyle|1999|p=788}} === Political controversies === Critical race theory inspired many arguments in the United States. The first were in the 1980s. People argued about the way critical race theory questioned color blindness. Color blindness, in this article, means the idea that one person can completely ignore another person's race and treat them fairly no matter what. People also argued about how critical race theory used [[narrative]] in [[Legal Studies|legal studies]], advocating "legal [[instrumentalism]]" instead of ideal-driven uses of the law. People also argued about how critical race theory looked at the [[Constitution of the United States|U.S. Constitution]] and other laws and they way they hleped white people keep power over other people. People also argued about how critical race theory encourages [[legal scholar]]s to work for racial equity.<ref name="Ansell 2008" /> One example of an instrumentalist approach is when lawyer [[Johnnie Cochran]]'s defended [[O. J. Simpson]] in the [[O. J. Simpson murder case]]. Cochran told the jury to say Simpson was not guilty of killing his ex wife and her friend, even though there was evidence against him as payback for the way the United States and the Los Angeles Police department had treated black people. This was a form of [[jury nullification]].{{r|Ansell 2008}} Before and after the [[2020 U.S. presidential election]], [[Donald Trump]] opposed the teaching of critical race theory in schools as part of his [[platform]]. Other conservative politicians did so too on [[Fox News]] and [[right-wing]] radio shows.<ref name="Harris, Adam"/> ==== 1990s ==== When [[Bill Clinton]] nominated [[Lani Guinier]] for Assistant Attorney General, Republicans said she should not get the job. One of their reasons was that she supported CRT.<ref name="Harris, Adam"/> Clinton withdrew the nomination due to disagreements with her legal philosophy.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Locin |first1=Mitchell |last2=Tackett |first2=Michael |title=Clinton dumps nominee |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1993-06-04-9306040115-story.html |access-date=July 26, 2021 |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=June 4, 1993 |archive-date=November 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126150847/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1993-06-04-9306040115-story.html |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== 2010s ==== In 2010, a state law stopped a [[Mexican American Studies Department Programs, Tucson Unified School District|Mexican-American studies university program in Tucson, Arizona]] because it said public schools could not teach [[race-conscious]] education by "advocat[ing] ethnic solidarity instead of the treatment of pupils as individuals."<ref name="Gillborn 2014">{{cite journal |last1=Gillborn |first1=David |title=Racism as Policy: A Critical Race Analysis of Education Reforms in the United States and England |journal=The Educational Forum |date=2014 |volume=78 |issue=1 |pages=30–31 |doi=10.1080/00131725.2014.850982 |s2cid=144670114 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285890043 |via=ResearchGate}}</ref> The law banned books, including a book about CRT, from the school.{{r|Gillborn 2014}} State officials banned [[Matt de la Peña]]'s young-adult novel ''[[Mexican WhiteBoy]]'' because they said it contained critical race theory.<ref name="Winnerip">{{cite news |last=Winerip |first=Michael |date=March 19, 2012 |title=Racial Lens Used to Cull Curriculum in Arizona |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/19/education/racial-lens-used-to-cull-curriculum-in-arizona.html |access-date=February 26, 2017 |archive-date=July 8, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708111638/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/19/education/racial-lens-used-to-cull-curriculum-in-arizona.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref> The rules against ethnic-studies programs were later declared unconstitutional because lawyers were able to prove that the state had meant to discriminate against some groups of people on purpose: "Both enactment and enforcement were motivated by racial animus," federal Judge [[A. Wallace Tashima]] ruled.<ref name="Depenbrock">{{Cite web |first=Julie |last=Depenbrock |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2017/08/22/545402866/federal-judge-finds-racism-behind-arizona-law-banning-ethnic-studies |title=Federal Judge Finds Racism Behind Arizona Law Banning Ethnic Studies |publisher=NPR |date=August 22, 2017 |access-date=July 6, 2019 |archive-date=July 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706211502/https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2017/08/22/545402866/federal-judge-finds-racism-behind-arizona-law-banning-ethnic-studies |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== 2020s ==== ===== Australia ===== In June 2021, the media reported that the proposed [[Australian Curriculum|lessons for Australia's schools]] was "preoccupied with the oppression, discrimination and struggles of [[Indigenous Australians]]." The [[Australian Senate]] approved a motion from right-wing senator [[Pauline Hanson]] asking the federal government to not use CRT, even though there was no CRT in the lessons.<ref name=gatwiri2021>{{cite web |last1=Gatwiri |first1=Kathomi |last2=Anderson |first2=Leticia |title=The Senate has voted to reject critical race theory from the national curriculum. What is it, and why does it matter? |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |date=June 22, 2021 |url=http://theconversation.com/the-senate-has-voted-to-reject-critical-race-theory-from-the-national-curriculum-what-is-it-and-why-does-it-matter-163102 | access-date=June 25, 2021}}</ref> ===== United Kingdom ===== [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservatives]] in the government of the United Kingdom began to criticize CRT in late 2020.<ref name="Ducey">{{cite book |last1=Ducey |first1=Kimberley |last2=Feagin |first2=Joe R. |title=Revealing Britain's Systemic Racism: The Case of Meghan Markle and the Royal Family |url=https://archive.org/details/revealingbritain0000duce |date=2021 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=978-1-000-38010-1 |chapter=Preface}}{{Page needed|date=November 2021}}</ref> Equalities Minister [[Kemi Badenoch]], who is of [[Nigerians|Nigerian]] descent, said during a parliamentary debate to mark [[Black History Month]]: {{quote|We do not want to see teachers teaching their pupils about white privilege and inherited racial guilt{{nbsp}} [...] Any school which teaches these elements of critical race theory, or which promotes partisan political views such as defunding the police without offering a balanced treatment of opposing views, is breaking the law."{{r|Ducey}}}} In an interview in ''[[The Spectator]]'', Badenoch said, "many of these books{{emdash}}and, in fact, some of the authors and proponents of critical race theory{{emdash}}actually want a segregated society." 101 writers from the Black Writers' Guild responded in an open letter, telling Badenoch she was wrong to criticize books like ''[[White Fragility]]'' and ''[[Why I'm No Longer Talking to White People About Race]]''.<ref name="Cain">{{Cite news |last=Cain |first=Sian |date=October 30, 2020 |title=Writers protest after minister suggests anti-racism books support segregation |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/oct/30/writers-protest-after-minister-suggests-anti-racism-books-support-segregation |website=The Guardian |archive-date=October 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030135153/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/oct/30/writers-protest-after-minister-suggests-anti-racism-books-support-segregation |url-status=live}}</ref> ===== United States ===== ''[[The Washington Post]]'' says that conservative lawmakers and other conservatives have used the term "critical race theory" as a "catchall phrase for nearly any examination of systemic racism."{{r|Iati}} In September 2020, conservative activist [[Christopher Rufo]] denounced CRT on Fox News,<ref name="Meckler">{{Cite news |last1=Meckler |first1=Laura |last2=Dawsey |first2=Josh |date=June 21, 2021 |title=Republicans, spurred by an unlikely figure, see political promise in critical race theory |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2021/06/19/critical-race-theory-rufo-republicans/ |url-status=live |url-access=limited |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621090847/https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2021/06/19/critical-race-theory-rufo-republicans/ |archive-date=June 21, 2021 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> and then Donald Trump issued an executive order saying the [[United States federal government]] must cancel funding for programs that talk about "[[white privilege]]" or "critical race theory." President Trump said that this was because critical race theory was "divisive, un-American propaganda" and "racist."<ref name="Dawsey">{{cite news |last1=Dawsey |first1=Josh |last2=Stein |first2=Jeff |title=White House directs federal agencies to cancel race-related training sessions it calls 'un-American propaganda' |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/09/04/white-house-racial-sensitivity-training/ |access-date=September 5, 2020 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=September 5, 2020 |archive-date=September 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200911211815/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/09/04/white-house-racial-sensitivity-training/ |url-status=live |issn=0190-8286 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="Lang">{{cite magazine |last1=Lang |first1=Cady |title=What Is Critical Race Theory? |url=https://time.com/5891138/critical-race-theory-explained/ |magazine=Time |date=September 29, 2020 |access-date=January 9, 2021 |archive-date=January 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116030001/https://time.com/5891138/critical-race-theory-explained/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Trump EO">{{cite web |author=Trump, Donald J. |title=Executive Order on Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping |date=September 22, 2020 |publisher=The White House |url=https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-combating-race-sex-stereotyping/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225215527/https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-combating-race-sex-stereotyping/ |archive-date=February 25, 2021}}</ref> Rufo wrote on [[Twitter]], "The goal is to have the public read something crazy in the newspaper and immediately think 'critical race theory,'" meaning that conservatives were trying to trick the public into thinking critical race theory was bad.<ref name="Iati">{{cite news |last1=Iati |first1=Marisa |title=What is critical race theory, and why do Republicans want to ban it in schools? |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2021/05/29/critical-race-theory-bans-schools/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |issn=0190-8286 |date=May 29, 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="Wallace-Wells">{{Cite magazine |last=Wallace-Wells |first=Benjamin |date=June 18, 2021 |title=How a Conservative Activist Invented the Conflict Over Critical Race Theory |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-inquiry/how-a-conservative-activist-invented-the-conflict-over-critical-race-theory |url-status=live |access-date=June 19, 2021 |magazine=The New Yorker |url-access=limited |archive-date=June 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618140627/https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-inquiry/how-a-conservative-activist-invented-the-conflict-over-critical-race-theory |oclc=909782404}}</ref><ref name="Kingkade">{{cite web |last1=Kingkade |first1=Tyler |last2=Zadrozny |first2=Brandy |author-link2=Brandy Zadrozny |last3=Collins |first3=Ben |date=June 15, 2021 |title='Held hostage': How critical race theory moved from Fox News to school boards |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/critical-race-theory-invades-school-boards-help-conservative-groups-n1270794 |url-status=live |access-date=June 16, 2021 |website=NBC News |archive-date=June 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616033841/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/critical-race-theory-invades-school-boards-help-conservative-groups-n1270794}}</ref> In a speech on September 17, 2020, Trump said critical race theory was bad. He said he had formed the [[1776 Commission]] to promote "patriotic education."<ref name="Wise">{{cite web |last=Wise |first=Alana |title=Trump Announces 'Patriotic Education' Commission, A Largely Political Move |website=[[NPR]] |access-date=June 12, 2021 |date=September 17, 2020 |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/09/17/914127266/trump-announces-patriotic-education-commission-a-largely-political-move |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117231424/https://www.npr.org/2020/09/17/914127266/trump-announces-patriotic-education-commission-a-largely-political-move |url-status=live}}</ref> On January 20, 2021, [[Joe Biden]] took back Trump's order<ref name="Guynn">{{cite web |last=Guynn |first=Jessica |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2021/01/20/biden-executive-order-overturns-trump-diversity-training-ban/4236891001/ |title=President Joe Biden rescinds Donald Trump ban on diversity training about systemic racism |work=USA Today |access-date=May 7, 2021 |archive-date=May 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512183506/https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2021/01/20/biden-executive-order-overturns-trump-diversity-training-ban/4236891001/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and ended the 1776 Commission.<ref name="Kelly">{{cite web |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/01/20/politics/biden-rescind-1776-commission-executive-order/index.html |publisher=CNN |title=Biden rescinds 1776 commission via executive order |last=Kelly |first=Caroline |date=January 20, 2021 |access-date=January 20, 2021 |archive-date=January 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210120121853/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/01/20/politics/biden-rescind-1776-commission-executive-order/index.html}}</ref> Conservative think tanks and other conservative groups continued to work on opposition to both actual critical race theory and what they mistakenly thought was critical race theory. These groups include the [[Heritage Foundation]], the [[Idaho Freedom Foundation]], and the [[American Legislative Exchange Council]].<ref name="Greenfield" /><ref name="Kingkade" /> In early 2021, potential laws were started. These laws would limit the teaching of critical race theory in public schools<ref name="O'Kane">{{cite web |last=O'Kane |first=Caitlin |title=Nearly a dozen states want to ban critical race theory in schools |access-date=June 12, 2021 |date=May 21, 2021 |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/critical-race-theory-state-bans/ |archive-date=June 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613004743/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/critical-race-theory-state-bans/ |url-status=live |website=CBS News}}</ref> in [[Idaho]], [[Iowa]], [[Oklahoma]], [[Tennessee]], and [[Texas]].<ref name="Waxman">{{cite magazine |last1=Waxman |first1=Olivia |title='Critical Race Theory Is Simply the Latest Bogeyman.' Inside the Fight Over What Kids Learn About America's History |url=https://time.com/6075193/critical-race-theory-debate/ |magazine=Time |date=24 June 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Several of these bills used the words "critical race theory" or talked about the ''[[New York Times]]'' [[1619 Project]]. In mid-April 2021, a bill was introduced to the Idaho legislature that would have banned any educational entity in the state (schools and other things like schools) from teaching or advocating [[sectarianism]], including critical race theory and other social justice programs.<ref name="Richert">{{cite web |last1=Richert |first1=Kevin |last2=Jones |first2=Blake |date=April 19, 2021 |title=Legislative roundup, 4.19.21: New bill targets sectarianism, critical race theory |url=https://www.idahoednews.org/legislature/legislative-roundup-4-19-21-a-bill-targeting-instruction-on-sectarianism-surfaces/ |access-date=April 20, 2021 |website=Idaho Education News |archive-date=April 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419204506/https://www.idahoednews.org/legislature/legislative-roundup-4-19-21-a-bill-targeting-instruction-on-sectarianism-surfaces/ |url-status=live}}</ref> On May 4, 2021, the bill was signed into law by Governor [[Brad Little]].<ref name="Adams, Biba">{{cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/bill-banning-critical-race-theory-124451511.html |title=Bill banning critical race theory in public schools becomes law |work=Yahoo News |first=Biba |last=Adams |date=May 4, 2021 |access-date=May 7, 2021 |archive-date=May 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506205741/https://news.yahoo.com/bill-banning-critical-race-theory-124451511.html |url-status=live}}</ref> On June 10, 2021, every member of the Florida State Board of Education voted to stop public schools from teaching critical race theory. They did this because governor [[Ron DeSantis]] asked them to.<ref name="Postal">{{cite web |last=Postal |first=Leslie |title=Florida board votes to ban "critical race theory" from state classrooms |work=orlandosentinel.com |access-date=June 12, 2021 |date=June 10, 2021 |url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/education/os-ne-critical-race-state-board-20210610-7pzv23n7rjeixi3a4veffugalq-story.html |archive-date=June 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612150641/https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/education/os-ne-critical-race-state-board-20210610-7pzv23n7rjeixi3a4veffugalq-story.html |url-status=live}}</ref> As of July 2021, 10 U.S. states have introduced bills or done other things that would limit teaching critical race theory, and 26 others were in the process of doing so.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Schwartz|first=Sarah|date=2021-06-11|title=Map: Where Critical Race Theory Is Under Attack|language=en|website=Education Week|url=https://www.edweek.org/policy-politics/map-where-critical-race-theory-is-under-attack/2021/06|access-date=2021-07-13}}</ref><ref name="Greenfield">{{cite web |last=Greenfield |first=Nathan M. |date=June 12, 2021 |title=Why are states lining up to ban critical race theory? |url=https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20210612085115831 |url-status=live |access-date=June 14, 2021 |website=[[University World News]] |archive-date=June 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613232641/https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20210612085115831}}</ref> In June 2021, the [[American Association of University Professors]], the [[American Historical Association]], the [[Association of American Colleges and Universities]], and [[PEN America]] released a joint paper saying that these laws were bad. By August 2021, 167 [[Professional association|professional organizations]] had signed the statement.<ref>{{cite web|date=June 16, 2021|title=Joint Statement on Legislative Efforts to Restrict Education about Racism in American History|url=https://www.historians.org/divisive-concepts-statement|access-date=August 9, 2021|website=American Historical Association}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Joint Statement on Legislative Efforts to Restrict Education about Racism and American History |url=https://www.historians.org/Documents/News%20and%20Advocacy/2021/Joint%20Statement%20on%20Legislative%20Efforts%20to%20Restrict%20Education%20(1).pdf |access-date=August 9, 2021 |archive-date=March 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314064859/https://www.historians.org/Documents/News%20and%20Advocacy/2021/Joint%20Statement%20on%20Legislative%20Efforts%20to%20Restrict%20Education%20%281%29.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> In August 2021, the [[Brookings Institution]] recorded that eight states{{emdash}}Idaho, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, Iowa, New Hampshire, Arizona, and South Carolina{{emdash}}had passed laws on the critical race theory, though they also noted that none of the bills had passed, with the exception of Idaho's, actually contained the words "critical race theory."<!--I can't simplify this because I don't know whether to correct it to "only Idaho's law passed" or "only Idaho's law contained the words 'critical race theory.'" It could be either.--> Brookings also noted that these laws often also stop teaching about [[Gender studies|gender]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gibbons|first=Rashawn Ray and Alexandra|date=2021-07-02|title=Why are states banning critical race theory?|url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/fixgov/2021/07/02/why-are-states-banning-critical-race-theory/|access-date=2021-10-31|website=Brookings|language=en-US}}</ref> Critics called the state laws a [[Memory laws|memory law]] and said that the law banning critical race theory was proof that critical race theory was right: that racism is part of the law in the United States.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Snyder|first=Timothy|date=2021-06-29|title=The War on History Is a War on Democracy|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/29/magazine/memory-laws.html|access-date=2021-10-31|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Subfields == There are smaller groups in critical race theory for different communities of people. These groups look at race and the way it affects disability, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, class, and religion. For example, disability critical race studies (DisCrit), critical race feminism (CRF), Hebrew Crit (HebCrit), Black Critical Race Theory (Black Crit), Latino critical race studies (LatCrit),{{sfn|Delgado|Stefancic|1998b}} Asian American critical race studies (AsianCrit), South Asian American critical race studies (DesiCrit),{{sfn|Harpalani|2013}} and American Indian critical race studies, which is sometimes called TribalCrit. The methods developed for CRT have also been used to studying groups of white [[immigration|immigrants]].{{sfn|Myslinska|2014a|pp=559–660}} In response to CRT, some scholars have asked for a second wave of [[whiteness studies]]. It is called Second Wave Whiteness (SWW).{{sfn|Jupp|Berry|Lensmire|2016}} Critical race theory has also inspired scholars to study race outside the United States.{{sfn|Myslinska|2014b}}<ref>See, e.g., {{harvnb|Levin|2008}}.</ref> === Disability critical race theory === [[Disability studies#Race|Disability critical race studies]] (DisCrit) combines [[disability studies]] and CRT to look at the [[Intersectionality|intersection]] of disability and race.{{sfn|Annamma|Connor|Ferri|2012}} This means the way race and disability affect each other. === Latino critical race theory === Latino critical race theory (LatCRT or LatCrit) is a research framework that talks about the way society defines race. Latino critical race theory says this is important to how people of color are oppressed in society. Race scholars developed LatCRT as a critical response to the "problem of the [[Color line (racism)|color line]]" first explained by [[W. E. B. Du Bois]].{{sfn|Treviño|Harris|Wallace|2008}} While CRT focuses on the Black–White paradigm, LatCRT has moved to consider other racial groups, mainly [[Chicana/o studies|Chicana/Chicanos]], as well as [[Latinos/as]], [[Asian people|Asians]], [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]]/[[First Nations]], and women of color. In ''Critical Race Counterstories along the Chicana/Chicano Educational Pipeline'', [[Tara J. Yosso]] discusses how the limits placed on POC can be defined. The tenets that separate such individuals are the intercentricity of race and racism, the problem of [[dominant ideology]], the commitment to [[social justice]], the centrality of [[Experiential knowledge|experience knowledge]], and the way of looking at things that [[Interdisciplinarity|uses many types of scholarship]].{{sfn|Yosso|2006|p=7}} LatCRT's main focus is to work for social justice for people living in [[social exclusion|communities that have been pushed to the edges of society]] (specifically [[Chicano|Chicana/os]]). Chicanos are Mexican-Americans. Society has placed limits on them that put them at a disadvantage, like with other people of color. [[Institution|Social institutions]] act to [[Dispossession, oppression and depression|dispossess]] Chicanos, [[Disfranchisement|stop them from voting]], and discriminate against them. LatCRT seeks to give voice to those who are [[victimized]].{{sfn|Treviño|Harris|Wallace|2008}} In order to do so, LatCRT has created two common themes: First, CRT says society keeps white supremacy and racial power in place; they do not stay there on their own. The law is a big part of keeping them where they are. Some racial groups do not have the voice to speak in this [[civil society]]. Because of this, CRT introduced a new form of expression, called the ''voice of color''.{{sfn|Treviño|Harris|Wallace|2008}} The ''voice of color'' is narratives and storytelling [[monologue]]s used as devices for conveying personal racial experiences. These are also used to counter [[metanarrative]]s that continue to maintain [[racial inequality]]. In this way, the experiences of the oppressed are important parts of developing a LatCRT analytical approach. Second, LatCRT investigates the possibility of transforming the relationship between [[law enforcement]] and racial power and working for racial emancipation and an end to some groups being pushed around.{{sfn|Yosso|2005}} LatCRT is different from general critical race theory in that it talks more about immigration theory and policy, language rights, and the way people are discriminated against for having accents or ancestors from other countries.{{sfn|Delgado|Stefancic|2001|p=6}} CRT finds the experiential knowledge of people of color and works with their lived experience using data. LatCRT shows its research using many kinds of stories.{{sfn|Yosso|2006}} === Asian critical race theory === Asian critical race theory looks at the way race and racism affect Asian Americans and their experiences in the U.S. education system.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Iftikar |first1=Jon S. |last2=Museus |first2=Samuel D. |date=November 26, 2018 |title=On the utility of Asian critical (AsianCrit) theory in the field of education |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2018.1522008 |journal=International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education |volume=31 |issue=10 |pages=935–949 |doi=10.1080/09518398.2018.1522008 |via=Taylor and Francis+NEJM |s2cid=149949621 |access-date=October 21, 2020 |archive-date=June 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622025002/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09518398.2018.1522008 |url-status=live}}</ref> Like Latino critical race theory, Asian critical race theory is distinct from the main body of CRT in its emphasis on immigration theory and policy.{{sfn|Delgado|Stefancic|2001|p=6}} == Related pages == * [[Judicial aspects of race in the United States]] == Notes== {{Reflist|30em}} == References == {{refbegin|35em|indent=yes}} * {{cite journal |last1=Annamma |first1=Subini Ancy |last2=Connor |first2=David |last3=Ferri |first3=Beth |year=2012 |title=Dis/ability critical race studies (DisCrit): theorizing at the intersections of race and dis/ability |url= |journal=Race Ethnicity and Education |volume=16 |pages=1–31 |number=1 |doi=10.1080/13613324.2012.730511 |s2cid=145739550}} * {{cite journal |last=Bell |first=Derrick A, Jr. |author-link=Derrick Bell |year=1980 |title=''Brown v. Board of Education'' and the Interest-Convergence Dilemma |url=http://www.hartfordschools.org/files/Equity%20Page/Interest_Convergence_by_Bell.pdf |journal=Harvard Law Review |volume=93 |issue=3 |pages=518–533 |access-date=September 18, 2016 |via= |doi=10.2307/1340546 |jstor=1340546 |archive-date=September 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910115642/http://hartfordschools.org/files/Equity%20Page/Interest_Convergence_by_Bell.pdf |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Bell |first=Derrick A. |author-mask= |year=1995 |title=Who's Afraid of Critical Race Theory? |url= |journal=University of Illinois Law Review |volume=1995 |issue=4 |pages=893ff |via=}} * {{cite book |last1=Bridges |first1=Khiara M. |author-link=Khiara Bridges |title=Critical Race Theory: A Primer |date=2019 |publisher=Foundation Press |location=St. Paul, Minn. |isbn=978-1-6832-8443-7 |oclc=1054004570}} * {{cite journal |last=Brooks |first=Roy |year=1994 |title=Critical Race Theory: A Proposed Structure and Application to Federal Pleading |url= |journal=Harvard BlackLetter Law Journal |volume=11 |pages=85ff |issn=0897-2761}} * {{cite journal |last1=Carbado |first1=Devon W. |last2=Gulati |first2=Mitu |last3=Valdes |first3=Francisco |last4=Culp |first4=Jerome McCristal |last5=Harris |first5=Angela P. |title=The Law and Economics of Critical Race Theory |journal=The Yale Law Journal |date=May 2003 |volume=112 |issue=7 |page=1757 |jstor=3657500 |via= |doi=10.2307/3657500 |url=http://www.yalelawjournal.org/pdf/190_fhmiem8p.pdf |access-date=September 17, 2016 |archive-date=October 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005230149/http://www.yalelawjournal.org/pdf/190_fhmiem8p.pdf |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |last=Cole |first=Mike |year=2007 |title=Marxism and Educational Theory: Origins and Issues |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-0-203-39732-9 |location= |pages=}} * {{cite journal |last=Crenshaw |first=Kimberlé |year=1988 |title=Race, Reform and Retrenchment: Transformation and Legitimation in Anti-Discrimination Law |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_harvard-law-review_1988-05_101_7/page/1331|journal=Harvard Law Review |volume=101 |issue=7 |pages=1331–1387 |doi=10.2307/1341398 |issn=0017-811X |jstor=1341398}} * {{cite book |year=1995 |editor1-last=Crenshaw |editor1-first=Kimberlé |editor1-link=Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw |editor2-last=Gotanda |editor2-first=Neil |editor3-last=Peller |editor3-first=Gary |editor3-link=Gary Peller |editor4-last=Thomas |editor4-first=Kendall |editor4-link=Kendall Thomas |title=Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings that Formed the Movement |location=New York |pages= |publisher=The New Press |isbn=978-1-56584-271-7 |url-access=registration |last= |first= |url=https://archive.org/details/critica_xxx_1995_00_1144/mode/1up}} * {{cite journal |last=Curry |first=Tommy J. |year=2009b |title=Will the Real CRT Please Stand Up: The Dangers of Philosophical Contributions to CRT |url=https://www.academia.edu/2635853 |journal=The Crit: A Critical Legal Studies Journal |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=1–47 |access-date=September 17, 2016 |via= |archive-date=June 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622025002/https://www.academia.edu/2635853 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Curry |first=Tommy J. |author-mask= |year=2012 |title=Shut Your Mouth when You're Talking to Me: Silencing the Idealist School of Critical Race Theory through a Culturalogic Turn in Jurisprudence |url=https://www.academia.edu/2635852 |journal=Georgetown Journal of Law and Modern Critical Race Studies |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=1–38 |issn=1946-3154 |access-date=September 17, 2016 |via= |archive-date=June 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622025003/https://www.academia.edu/2635852 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Delgado |first1=Richard |author1-link=Richard Delgado |year=1995 |title=Rodrigo's Tenth Chronicle: Merit and Affirmative Action |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_georgetown-law-journal_1995-04_83_4/page/1711|journal=Georgetown Law Journal |volume=83 |issue=4 |pages=1711–1748 |issn=0016-8092 |ssrn=2094599}} * {{cite journal |last1=Delgado |first1=Richard |author1-link=Richard Delgado |last2=Stefancic |first2=Jean |year=1993 |title=Critical Race Theory: An Annotated Bibliography |journal=Virginia Law Review |volume=79 |issue=2 |pages=461–516 |doi=10.2307/1073418 |issn=0042-6601 |jstor=1073418 |via= |url=https://scholarship.law.ua.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1227&context=fac_working_papers |access-date=January 15, 2021 |archive-date=February 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221020706/https://scholarship.law.ua.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1227&context=fac_working_papers |url-status=live}} * {{Cite journal| doi = 10.1093/clp/51.1.467| issn = 0070-1998| volume = 51| issue = 1| pages = 467–491| last1 = Delgado| first1 = Richard| last2 = Stefancic| first2 = Jean| title = Critical Race Theory: Past, Present, and Future| journal = Current Legal Problems| access-date = November 8, 2021| date = 1 January 1998| url = https://doi.org/10.1093/clp/51.1.467}} * {{cite book |last1=Delgado |first1=Richard |author1-mask= |last2=Stefancic |first2=Jean |author2-mask= |year=1998b |title=The Latino/a Condition: A Critical Reader |publisher=New York University Press |isbn=978-0-8147-1894-0 |location= |pages=}} * {{cite book |last1=Delgado |first1=Richard |author1-mask= |last2=Stefancic |first2=Jean |author2-mask= |year=2012 |title=Critical Race Theory: An Introduction |url=https://archive.org/details/criticalracetheo0000delg_i0c6 |edition=2nd |series=Critical America |location= |pages= |publisher=New York University Press |isbn=978-0-8147-2136-0}} * {{cite book |last1=Delgado |first1=Richard |last2=Stefancic |first2=Jean |title=Critical race theory : an introduction |url=https://archive.org/details/criticalracetheo0000delg |date=2001 |publisher=New York University Press |isbn=0-8147-1930-9 |edition=1st}} * {{cite book |last1=Delgado |first1=Richard |last2=Stefancic |first2=Jean |title=Critical race theory : an introduction |date=2017 |publisher=New York University Press |pages= |isbn=978-1-4798-0276-0 |edition=Third}} * {{cite journal |last1=Bernal |first1=Dolores Delgado |title=Critical Race Theory, Latino Critical Theory, and Critical Raced-Gendered Epistemologies: Recognizing Students of Color as Holders and Creators of Knowledge |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_qualitative-inquiry_2002-02_8_1/page/105|journal=Qualitative Inquiry |date=February 2002 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=105–126 |doi=10.1177/107780040200800107 |s2cid=146643087}} * {{cite journal |last1=Dudziak |first1=Mary L. |title=Desegregation as a Cold War Imperative |url= |journal=Stanford Law Review |date=November 1988 |volume=41 |issue=1 |pages=61–120 |doi=10.2307/1228836 |jstor=1228836}} * {{cite journal |last=Dudziak |first=Mary |year=1993 |title=Desegration as a Cold War Imperative |url= |journal=Stanford Law Review |volume=41 |issue=1 |pages=61–120 |doi=10.2307/1228836 |issn=0038-9765 |jstor=1228836}} * {{cite book |last=Gates |first=Henry Louis, Jr. |year=1996 |author-link=Henry Louis Gates Jr. |chapter=Critical Race Theory and Freedom of Speech |editor-last=Menand |editor-first=Louis |editor-link=Louis Menand |title=The Future of Academic Freedom |url=https://archive.org/details/futureofacademic0000unse_s4r2 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location= |pages=[https://archive.org/details/futureofacademic0000unse_s4r2/page/119 119]–159 |isbn=978-0-226-52004-9}} * {{cite journal |last1=Harpalani |first1=Vinay |title=DesiCrit: Theorizing the Racial Ambiguity of South Asian Americans |date=August 12, 2013 |journal=New York University Annual Survey of American Law |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=77–183 |ssrn=2308892 |via= |url=https://annualsurveyofamericanlaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/69-1_harpalani.pdf |access-date=September 11, 2020 |archive-date=June 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622025005/https://annualsurveyofamericanlaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/69-1_harpalani.pdf |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Harris |first1=Angela P. |title=Foreword: The Jurisprudence of Reconstruction |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_california-law-review_1994-07_82_4/page/741|journal=California Law Review |date=July 1994 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=741–785 |jstor=3480931 |doi=10.2307/3480931}} * {{cite journal |last1=Harris |first1=Cheryl I. |title=Whiteness as Property |url= |journal=Harvard Law Review |date=June 1993 |volume=106 |issue=8 |pages=1707–1791 |jstor=1341787 |doi=10.2307/1341787}} * {{Cite journal |last=Harris |first=Cheryl |author-mask= |year=2002 |title=Critical Race Studies: An Introduction |url= |journal=UCLA Law Review |volume=49 |issue=5 |pages=1215ff |issn=1943-1724}} * {{cite journal |last=Jones |first=Camara Phyllis |s2cid=158126244 |year=2002 |title=Confronting Institutionalized Racism |url= |journal=[[Phylon (journal)|Phylon]] |volume=50 |issue=1/2 |pages=7–22 |doi=10.2307/4149999 |issn=0031-8906 |jstor=4149999}} * {{cite journal |last1=Jupp |first1=James C. |last2=Berry |first2=Theodorea Regina |last3=Lensmire |first3=Timothy J. |title=Second-Wave White Teacher Identity Studies: A Review of White Teacher Identity Literatures From 2004 Through 2014 |url= |journal=Review of Educational Research |date=December 2016 |volume=86 |issue=4 |pages=1151–1191 |doi=10.3102/0034654316629798 |s2cid=147354763}} * {{cite journal |last1=Kang |first1=Jerry |last2=Banaji |first2=Mahzarin R. |title=Fair Measures: A Behavioral Realist Revision of Affirmative Action |url= |journal=California Law Review |date=2006 |volume=94 |issue=4 |pages=1063–1118 |doi=10.15779/Z38370Q |ssrn=873907}} * {{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Duncan |title=A Cultural Pluralist Case for Affirmative Action in Legal Academia |journal=Duke Law Journal |date=September 1990 |volume=1990 |issue=4 |pages=705–757 |jstor=1372722 |via= |doi=10.2307/1372722 |url=http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:13548460 |access-date=September 11, 2020 |archive-date=June 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622025009/https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/13548460 |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Ladson-Billings |first1=Gloria |title=Just what is critical race theory and what's it doing in a nice field like education? |url= |journal=International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education |date=January 1998 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=7–24 |doi=10.1080/095183998236863|s2cid=53628887 }} * {{cite journal |last=Levin |first=Mark |title=The Wajin's Whiteness: Law and Race Privilege in Japan |url= |year=2008 |journal=Hōritsu Jihō |volume=80 |number=2 |pages=80–91 |ssrn=1551462 |via=}} * {{cite journal |last=Matsuda |first=Mari |author-link=Mari Matsuda |year=1987 |title=Looking to the Bottom: Critical Legal Studies and Reparations |url= |journal=Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=323ff |issn=2153-2389}} * {{cite journal |last=Myslinska |first=Dagmar |year=2014a |title=Contemporary First-Generation European-Americans: The Unbearable 'Whiteness' of Being |url= |journal=Tulane Law Review |volume=88 |issue=3 |pages=559–625 |issn=0041-3992 |ssrn=2222267}} * {{cite journal |last=Myslinska |first=Dagmar |author-mask= |year=2014b |title=Racist Racism: Complicating Whiteness Through the Privilege and Discrimination of Westerners in Japan |url= |journal=UMKC Law Review |volume=83 |issue=1 |pages=1–55 |issn=0047-7575 |ssrn=2399984}} * {{cite journal |last=Pyke |first=Karen D. |s2cid=43997467 |year=2010 |title=What is Internalized Racial Oppression and Why Don't We Study it? Acknowledging Racism's Hidden Injuries |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_sociological-perspectives_winter-2010_53_4/page/551|journal=Sociological Perspectives |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=551–572 |doi=10.1525/sop.2010.53.4.551 |issn=1533-8673 |jstor=10.1525/sop.2010.53.4.551}} * {{cite journal |last1=Pyle |first1=Jeffrey |title=Race, Equality and the Rule of Law: Critical Race Theory's Attack on the Promises of Liberalism |journal=Boston College Law Review |date=May 1, 1999 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=787–827 |via= |url=https://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/bclr/vol40/iss3/6/ |access-date=September 11, 2020 |archive-date=July 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712111706/https://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/bclr/vol40/iss3/6/ |url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Treviño |first1=A. Javier |last2=Harris |first2=Michelle A. |last3=Wallace |first3=Derron |title=What's so critical about critical race theory? |url= |journal=Contemporary Justice Review |date=March 2008 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=7–10 |doi=10.1080/10282580701850330 |s2cid=145399733}} * {{Cite book| publisher = The New Press| isbn = 978-1-56584-271-7| editor-last = West| editor-first = Cornel| title = Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings that Formed the Movement| date = 1995}} * {{cite book |last=Williams |first=Patricia J. |author-link=Patricia J. Williams |year=1991 |title=The Alchemy of Race and Rights: Diary of a Law Professor |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |pages= |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-01470-1 |title-link=The Alchemy of Race and Rights}} * {{cite journal |last1=Yosso |first1=Tara J. |author-link=Tara J. Yosso |title=Whose culture has capital? A critical race theory discussion of community cultural wealth |url=https://thrive.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/Whose%20culture%20has%20capital_A%20critical%20race%20theory%20discussion%20of%20community%20cultural%20wealth_1.pdf |journal=Race Ethnicity and Education |date=March 2005 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=69–91 |doi=10.1080/1361332052000341006|s2cid=34658106 }} * {{cite book |last=Yosso |first=Tara J. |author-mask= |year=2006 |title=Critical Race Counterstories along the Chicana/Chicano Educational Pipeline |series=Teaching/Learning Social Justice |location=New York |pages= |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-95195-1 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/criticalracecoun0000yoss/mode/1up}} {{refend}} == Further reading == {{refbegin|35em|indent=yes}} * {{cite book |last=Brewer |first=Mary |year=2005 |title=Staging Whiteness |url=https://archive.org/details/stagingwhiteness0000brew |location=Middletown, Connecticut |publisher=Wesleyan University Press |isbn=978-0-8195-6769-7}} * {{cite book |last1=Curran |first1=Andrew |title=The Anatomy of Blackness: Science and Slavery in an Age of Enlightenment |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |location=Baltimore |isbn=978-1-4214-0965-8 |url=https://jhupbooks.press.jhu.edu/content/anatomy-blackness |year=2011 |access-date=August 23, 2018 |archive-date=August 24, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180824034309/https://jhupbooks.press.jhu.edu/content/anatomy-blackness |url-status=live}} * {{cite book|editor-last=Delgado|editor-first=Richard|editor-link=Richard Delgado |year=1995 |title=Critical Race Theory: The Cutting Edge |url=https://archive.org/details/critica_xxx_1995_00_9054|location=Philadelphia |publisher=Temple University Press |isbn=978-1-5663-9347-8 |ref={{sfnref|Delgado|1995b}} }} * {{cite book |year=2006|editor1-last=Dixson|editor1-first=Adrienne D.|editor2-last=Rousseau|editor2-first=Celia K. |title=Critical Race Theory in Education: All God's Children Got a Song |url=https://archive.org/details/criticalracetheo0000unse_c8e9|location=New York |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-95292-7}} * {{cite book |last1=Epstein |first1=Kitty Kelly |title=A Different View of Urban Schools: Civil Rights, Critical Race Theory, and Unexplored Realities |url=https://archive.org/details/differentviewofu0000epst_y3e1 |date=2006 |publisher=Peter Lang |isbn=978-0-8204-7879-1}} * {{cite book |last=Tuitt |first=Patricia |year=2004 |title=Race, Law, Resistance |location=London |publisher=Glasshouse Press |isbn=978-1-9043-8506-6}} * {{cite book |last=Tyson |first=Lois |year=2006 |title=Critical Theory Today: A User-Friendly Guide 2nd Edition |url=https://archive.org/details/criticaltheoryto0000tyso |location=New York-London |publisher=Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group |isbn=978-0-415-97410-3}} {{refend}} {{Critical theory}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Critical Race Theory}} [[Category:1970s establishments in the United States]] [[Category:History of the United States| ]] [[Category:Race]] [[Category:Racism]] [[Category:Academic disciplines]] [[Category:Critical theory]] 019s1xi5zf6ft3tdvlwvg97aoz72p5b 0 887525 10369147 10175935 2025-07-03T08:04:13Z 180.150.36.182 10369147 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Greeks<br>Hellenes | native_name = Έλληνες | native_name_lang = el | image = File:Map of the Greek Diaspora in the World.svg | pop = {{flagcountry|Greece}}&nbsp;9,903,268<ref name=HSA>{{cite web|title=2011 Population and Housing Census|work=Hellenic Statistical Authority|date=12 September 2014|quote=The Resident Population of Greece is 10.816.286, of which 5.303.223 male (49,0%) and 5.513.063 female (51,0%)&nbsp;... The total number of permanent residents of Greece with foreign citizenship during the Census was 912.000. [See Graph 6: Resident Population by Citizenship]|url=http://www.statistics.gr/documents/20181/1215267/A1602_SAM01_DT_DC_00_2011_03_F_EN.pdf/cb10bb9f-6413-4129-b847-f1def334e05e|access-date=18 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160716160416/http://www.statistics.gr/documents/20181/1215267/A1602_SAM01_DT_DC_00_2011_03_F_EN.pdf/cb10bb9f-6413-4129-b847-f1def334e05e|archive-date=16 July 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Statistical Data on Immigrants in Greece: An Analytic Study of Available Data and Recommendations for Conformity with European Union Standards|work=Archive of European Integration (AEI)|publisher=University of Pittsburgh|date=15 November 2004|access-date=18 May 2016|url=http://aei.pitt.edu/2870/1/IMEPO_Final_Report_English.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://aei.pitt.edu/2870/1/IMEPO_Final_Report_English.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|quote=[p. 5] The Census recorded 762.191 persons normally resident in Greece and without Greek citizenship, constituting around 7% of total population. Of these, 48.560 are EU or EFTA nationals; there are also 17.426 Cypriots with privileged status.}}</ref><br/>(2011 census)<br />{{flagcountry|Cyprus}}&nbsp;659,115–721,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Population - Country of Birth, Citizenship Category, Country of Citizenship, Language, Religion, Ethnic/Religious Group, 2011|url=http://www.cystat.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/populationcondition_22main_en/populationcondition_22main_en?OpenForm&sub=2&sel=2|access-date=12 May 2018|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612211105/http://www.cystat.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/populationcondition_22main_en/populationcondition_22main_en?OpenForm&sub=2&sel=2|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Cole|2011|loc=Yiannis Papadakis, "Cypriots, Greek", pp. 92–95}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Where are the Greek communities of the world?|work=themanews.com|year=2013|publisher=Protothemanews.com|url=http://en.protothema.gr/where-are-the-greek-communities-of-the-globe/|access-date=14 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054043/http://en.protothema.gr/where-are-the-greek-communities-of-the-globe/|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cystat.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/All/732265957BAC953AC225798300406903?OpenDocument&sub=2&sel=1&e=|title=Statistical Service – Population and Social Conditions – Population Census – Announcements – Preliminary Results of the Census of Population, 2011|website=Cystat.gov.cy|access-date=6 August 2023|archive-date=15 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115100623/http://www.cystat.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/All/732265957BAC953AC225798300406903?OpenDocument&sub=2&sel=1&e=|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />(2011 census) | popplace = {{flag|Greece}}<br>{{flag|Cyprus}} | languages = [[Greek language]] | religions = [[Christianity]] ([[Greek Orthodox Church]]) }} The '''Greeks''' or '''Hellenes''' ({{lang-el|Έλληνες|Éllines}}) are an [[ethnic group]] and [[nation]] native to [[Region|regions]] including [[Greece]], [[Cyprus]], [[Italy]], [[Egypt]], [[Anatolia]], and [[Greeks in Albania|southern Albania]]. ==Diaspora== The Greeks also form a significant [[diaspora]], with many Greek [[Community|communities]] founded around the world. They speak the [[Greek language]] and are followers of the Christian [[Greek Orthodox Church]]. ==Related pages== * [[Hellenistic art]] * [[Ancient Greek]] * [[Ancient Greece]] * [[Byzantine Empire]] * [[Ancient Greek philosophy]] ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Greek people| ]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Europe]] {{europe-stub}} egsk76el1o72mw4om2iwxavbfaig5ki 0 887934 10368575 9793500 2025-07-03T00:25:37Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 Typo: duplication 10368575 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = Alabama | image = Alabama at Bayfest 2014.jpg | caption = Alabama at [[Bayfest (Mobile)|Bayfest]] in [[Mobile, Alabama]] in 2014 }} '''Alabama''' are an American band that plays [[country music]] and [[Southern rock]]. In 1980 they had their first number one song on [[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']]'s [[Hot Country Songs]] [[music chart]].<ref name="Country Songs">{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/alabama/chart-history/country-songs|title=Alabama - Hot Country Songs|work=Billboard|accessdate=November 12, 2018}}</ref> As late as 2010 they had a song on Billboard's Hot Country Songs. ==Singles== * "[[(God Must Have Spent) A Little More Time on You|God Must Have Spent a Little More Time on You]]"<br>{{small|(featuring [['N Sync]])}} ==Sources== {{reflist}} {{music-stub}} [[Category:1960s American music groups]] [[Category:1970s American music groups]] [[Category:1980s American music groups]] [[Category:1990s American music groups]] [[Category:2000s American music groups]] [[Category:2010s American music groups]] [[Category:Country bands]] [[Category:Musical groups from Alabama]] [[Category:Alabama (band)| ]] rmpma4ydnhlavthqno1grquv8sqg6zc 0 892208 10368770 9641773 2025-07-03T02:37:38Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Structure */ fixed a grammatical issue and a typo of duplication 10368770 wikitext text/x-wiki {{chembox | Name = Cyclobutane | ImageFile = Cyclobutane2.svg | ImageFileL1 = Cyclobutane-buckled-3D-balls.png | ImageFileR1 = Cyclobutane-buckled-3D-vdW.png | ImageSize = 50px | ImageNameL1 = Cyclobutane | ImageNameR1 = Cyclobutane | PIN = Cyclobutane | Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|EBI}} | CASNo = 287-23-0 | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}} | UNII = 5X619RB2CY | SMILES = C1CCC1 | PubChem = 9250 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 8894 | EC_number = 206-014-5 | UNNumber = 2601 | ChEBI = 30377 | Beilstein = 1900183 | Gmelin = 81684 | InChI = 1/C4H8/c1-2-4-3-1/h1-4H2 | InChIKey = PMPVIKIVABFJJI-UHFFFAOYAP | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C4H8/c1-2-4-3-1/h1-4H2 | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = PMPVIKIVABFJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N }} | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties | Formula = C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>8</sub> | Appearance = Colorless gas | MolarMass = 56.107 g/mol | MeltingPtC = -91 | BoilingPtC = 12.5 | Density = 0.720 g/cm<sup>3</sup> }} | Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards | GHSPictograms = {{GHS02}}{{GHS04}} | GHSSignalWord = Danger | HPhrases = {{H-phrases|220|280}} | PPhrases = {{P-phrases|210|377|381|403|410+403}} | NFPA-H=1 | NFPA-F=4 | NFPA-R=0 }} | Section8 = {{Chembox Related | OtherAnions = | OtherCations = | OtherFunction = [[Butane]] | OtherFunction_label = [[alkane]] | OtherCompounds = [[Cyclobutene]]; [[Cyclobutadiene]]; [[Cyclopropane]]; [[Cyclopentane]] }} | Verifiedfields = changed | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 439048895 }} '''Cyclobutane''' is a [[cycloalkane]] [[organic compound]] with the formula (CH<sub>2)</sub><sub>4</sub><sub>,</sub> a colorless gas at room temperature. Cyclobutane is usually sold as a liquified gas (a gas that has been pressurized or frozen to be in a state that isn't natural). Variants of cyclobutane are called cyclobutanes. Cyclobutane has no uses in commerce or [[biological|biology]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cyclobutane - an overview {{!}} ScienceDirect Topics|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/cyclobutane|access-date=2022-03-29|website=www.sciencedirect.com}}</ref> but compounds containing cyclobutane are important in biology and [[biotechnology]]. == Structure == The [[carbon]] [[Atom|atoms]] within cyclobutane are at odd angles. Cyclobutane is [[unstable]] and will break at temperatures over about 500° celcius. Cyclobutane is connected to itself in a ladder-like structure. An example of this structure can be seen in the pentacycloanammoxic [[acid]]. This compound is a ladderane made up of five connected cyclobutane units. == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Cycloalkanes|4]] sovsdm3d53i6tivoq3brtpeomt9w6z6 0 892733 10368835 10336627 2025-07-03T03:18:02Z 2409:4043:4ECF:BA:0:0:2789:F008 10368835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}} {{Infobox film | name = Brahmāstra: Part One - Shiva | director = [[Ayan Mukerji]] | writer = {{Plainlist| * Ayan Mukerji * [[Hussain Dalal]] }} | screenplay = | story = Ayan Mukerji | based_on = | producer = {{Plainlist| * Hiroo Yash Johar * [[Karan Johar]] * [[Ranbir Kapoor]] * Ayan Mukerji * [[Apoorva Mehta]] * [[Namit Malhotra]] * Marijke Desouza }} | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Amitabh Bachchan]] * [[Ranbir Kapoor]] * [[Khushal Meena]] * [[Alia Bhatt]] * [[Shah Rukh Khan]] * [[Mouni Roy]] * [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna Akkineni]] }} | narrator = Amitabh Bachan | cinematography = [[Pankaj Kumar (cinematographer)|Pankaj Kumar]] | editing = {{Plainlist| * [[A. Sreekar Prasad]] * [[Akiv Ali]] * Manik Dawar }} | music = [[Pritam]] | studio = {{Plainlist| * [[Fox Star Studios]] * [[Dharma Productions]] }} | distributors = [[Fox Star Studios]] and [[Walt Disney Pictures]] | released = {{Movie date|df=yes|2022|9|09|ref1=}} | runtime = | country = India | language = Hindi | budget = {{Indian Rupee|410}} [[crore]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Brahmastra made on a budget 'way over' Rs. 300 crores; to be the biggest film ever made in India : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/brahmastra-made-budget-way-rs-300-crores-biggest-film-ever-made-india/ |access-date=11 December 2020 |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=27 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Uday Shankar calls Ranbir Kapoor-Alia Bhatt's Brahmastra 'biggest-ever movie' made in India, its budget 'way more than' Rs 300 cr |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/uday-shankar-calls-ranbir-kapoor-alia-bhatt-s-brahmastra-biggest-ever-movie-made-in-india-its-budget-way-more-than-rs-300-cr/story-tz5WBiU2WbMykdLZEbqioO.html |access-date=11 December 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |date=27 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | gross = <!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--> }} '''''Brahmāstra: Part One - Shiva''''' ({{trans|The weapon of [[Brahma]]: Part One - [[Shiva]]}}) (also known as simply just '''''Brahmāstra''''') is a 2022 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[superhero film]] written and directed by [[Ayan Mukerji]], and produced by [[Karan Johar]]. It stars [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Ranbir Kapoor]], Khushal Meena, [[Alia Bhatt]], [[Mouni Roy]] and [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna Akkineni]]. The film is intended to serve as the first film in a planned trilogy<ref name="bfta">{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/movies-to-look-forward-to/brahmastra/photostory/61038619.cms | newspaper=Times of India | title=Karan Johar announces his upcoming film trilogy with Amitabh Bachchan, Akkineni Nagarjuna, Ranbir Kapoor and Alia Kapoor | access-date=30 March 2018}}</ref> as part of its own cinematic universe called ''Astraverse''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/ranbir-kapoor-says-brahmastra-and-the-astraverse-is-our-own-marvel-universe-54402.html | title=Ranbir Kapoor says Brahmastra and the Astraverse is our own Marvel universe }}</ref> ''Brahmastra'' was announced in July 2014 but was delayed by several years. Principal photography lasted for five years from February 2018 to March 2022 with filming locations including Bulgaria, London, New York, Edinburgh, and Varanasi.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/alia-bhatt-ranbir-kapoor-shoot-final-schedule-of-brahmastra-in-varanasi-see-videos-7832118/ | title=Alia Bhatt, Ranbir Kapoor enjoy a boat ride in Varanasi as they shoot for Brahmastra. Watch | date=23 March 2022 }}</ref> Production and release of the film was delayed multiple times due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. The film released on 9 September 2022 in standard formats, 3D, and IMAX 3D.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/amitabh-bachchan-ranbir-kapoor-alia-bhatt-brahmastra-1235132978/ | title=Amitabh Bachchan, Ranbir Kapoor, Alia Bhatt's Divine Hero Franchise Film 'Brahmastra' Sets 2022 Release Date (EXCLUSIVE) | date=15 December 2021 }}</ref> The movie is the first film produced under the Star Studios name following the acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney. This change happened on 27 May 2022, when Fox Star Studios was renamed Star Studios, as part of the removal of the Fox name from subsidiary studios/companies of 21st Century Fox by Disney.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/fox-star-studios-rebrands-to-star-studios/article65466364.ece | title=Fox Star Studios rebrands to Star Studios | newspaper=The Hindu | date=27 May 2022 }}</ref> ==Summary== Shiva, a [[DJ]] learns about his strange connection with the element of fire and also holds the power to awaken the [[Brahmastra]], a supernatural weapon that is said to be able to destroy the universe, capable of destroying creation and vanquishing all beings. On the other hand, Junoon, the queen of [[dark forces]] is also on a quest to get hold of the Brahmastra. ==Cast== * [[Amitabh Bachchan]] as Raghu, the current leader of the ''Brahmansh'', Guru of recruited members and wields the ''Prabhastra''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-brahmastra-look-guru-ayan-mukerji-changed-the-destiny-of-our-movie-7960635/ | title=Amitabh Bachchan's look as Guru in Brahmastra out, Ayan Mukerji says he 'changed the destiny of our movie' | date=9 June 2022 }}</ref> * [[Ranbir Kapoor]] as Shiva, a orphan and newly recruited member of the ''Brahmansh'', who possesses the power of the Agnyastra, (the astra of fire) within himself<ref name="Brahmastra: Ranbir Kapoor-Alia Bhatt's characters name, meaning of title, story; All about Ayan Mukerji's trilogy">{{cite web |last1=Manglik |first1=Reshu |title=Brahmastra: Ranbir Kapoor-Alia Bhatt's characters name, meaning of title, story; All about Ayan Mukerji's trilogy |url=https://indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood-brahmastra-ranbir-kapoor-alia-bhatt-s-characters-name-meaning-of-title-story-all-about-ayan-mukerji-s-trilogy-507498 |website=India TV News |accessdate=17 June 2025 |language=en |date=5 March 2019}}</ref> **Nivaan Gupta as baby Shiva *Khushal Meena a orphan and newly recruited member of the Brahmastra who possesses the power of the Astravastra * [[Alia Bhatt]] as Isha, Shiva's love intrest<ref name="Brahmastra: Ranbir Kapoor-Alia Bhatt's characters name, meaning of title, story; All about Ayan Mukerji's trilogy" /> * Nagarjuna Akkineni as Anish Shetty, an artist and an archaeologist who is a member of the Brahmānsh and wielded the ''Nandi Astra'' * [[Shah Rukh Khan]] in a double role as ** Mohan Bhargav, a scientist and a member of the ''Brahmansh'' who wielded ''Vanarastra''. The name of the character is a nod to Khan's character from [[Swades]] (2004). ** Dev, Shiva's father and Amrita's husband. * Dimple Kapadia as Savitri Devi, a member of ''Brahmansh'' * [[Mouni Roy]] as Junoon, who aims to revive the ''Brahmastra'' and release Dev * Saurav Gurjar as Zor, a henchman of Junoon * Gurfateh Pirzada as Sher, a new recruit of who wields ''Nag Dhanush'' * Lehar Khan as Raveena, a new recruit of ''Brahmnsh'' who wields the ''Gajastra'' * Aditi Joshi as Rani, a new recruit of ''Brahmānsh'' who possesses ''Ayu Madrika'' * Markand Soni as Santha, a new recruit of ''Brahmansh'' * Stanzin Delek as Tensing, a new recruit of ''Brahmansh'' who wielded the ''Pawanstra'' * Rouhallah Gazi as Raftaar, a henchman of Junoon * Chaitanya Sharma as Tiger, Shiva's friend * Saqib Ayub as Ali, Shiva's friend * Rashi Mal as Shaina, Isha's cousin * Rohan Rustomji as Sunny, Isha's cousin * Farida Dadi as Aunty, Shiva's landlady * Riyaaz Makaney as Dadaji, Isha's grandfather * Deepika Padukone as Amrita, Shiva's mother and a former member of the ''Brahmnsh'' who wielded ''Jalastra'' (uncredited appearance) ==Sequels== Media outlets noted the title of the film's sequel that is unveiled after its ending, ''[[Brahmāstra: Part Two - Dev]]'',<ref name="Brahmastra Part 2: Dev announced. Here's what we know">{{cite web |last1=Negi |first1=Shivani |title=Brahmastra Part 2: Dev announced. Here's what we know |url=https://news24online.com/entertainment/brahmastra-part-2-dev-announced-heres-what-we-know/26478/ |website=News24 |accessdate=17 June 2025 |language=en}}</ref> serving as the second installment of the trilogy.<ref name="Does Brahmastra Have a Post Credit Scene Like MCU? Find Out">{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/brahmastra-post-credit-scene-alia-bhatt-ranbir-kapoor-ayan-mukerji-5922793.html | title=Does Brahmastra Have a Post Credit Scene Like MCU? Find Out | date=10 September 2022 }}</ref> That film is scheduled to release in<ref name="Does Brahmastra Have a Post Credit Scene Like MCU? Find Out" /> 2025.<ref name="Brahmastra Part 2: Dev announced. Here's what we know" /> Pre-production work on the second part had started during the COVID-19 pandemic. The second and third sequels will be both shot simultaneously. ==Streaming TV series== Mukerji revealed Disney had sent him to Los Angeles as an attendee for an international studio summit in May 2022, where he presented ''Brahmastra'', and discussed plans regarding the film's potential cinematic universe with American producer [[Kevin Feige]]. Mukerji further revealed his vision to develop a streaming television series in the ''Astraverse'', as well as theatrical projects, in a similar vein to the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/ayan-mukerji-reveals-plans-for-astraverse-include-potential-web-series-101664845687164.html | title=Ayan Mukerji reveals plans for Astraverse include potential web series | date=4 October 2022 }}</ref> He also called the ''Astraverse'' a "large-scale mainstream experiment", saying that he wishes to expand it to gaming, merchandise, virtual reality, and the Metaverse, in the future. ==Spin-off== Mukerji revealed a spin-off film based around Shah Rukh Khan's character Mohan Bhargav was in consideration, which would serve as an origin story about how he wielded the ''Vanarastra''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ayan-mukerji-brahmastra-shah-rukh-khan-spinoff-8149054/ | title=EXCLUSIVE: Ayan Mukerji on spin-off of Shah Rukh Khan's character in Brahmastra: 'We are already thinking of origins story' | date=13 September 2022 }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:2020s Indian movies]] sn51y06t2md28fxlooj01p6oclrdvv3 0 896859 10368526 10275426 2025-07-03T00:04:31Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* References */ US-EN 10368526 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} '''''Chicago P.D.''''' is an American [[police]] action drama television series created by [[Dick Wolf]] and [[Matt Olmstead]]. It is part of [[Wolf Entertainment]]'s [[Chicago (franchise)|''Chicago'' franchise]]. The series premiered on [[NBC]] on January 8, 2014. It is about detectives and police officers who work for the [[Chicago Police Department]]. In addition to tracking down and arresting the city’s most violent offenders, members of the Intelligence Unit deal with professional and interpersonal pressures in and outside of their jobs. {{Infobox television | image = Chicago P.D. Logo.png | image_size = 300px | image_upright = | image_alt = | caption = | alt_name = | native_name = <!-- {{Infobox name module|language|title}} or {{Infobox name module|title}} --> | genre = [[Action]]<br>[[Police procedural]]<br>[[Crime]]<!-- Must be reliably sourced --> | creator = | based_on = <!-- {{Based on|title of the original work|creator of the original work|additional creator(s), if necessary}} --> | inspired_by = <!-- {{Based on|title of the original work|creator of the original work|additional creator(s), if necessary}} --> | developer = | writer = | screenplay = <!-- Only use without |teleplay= --> | teleplay = <!-- Only use without |screenplay= --> | story = | director = | creative_director = | presenter = <!-- Organized by broadcast credit order, with new main cast added to the end of the list --> | starring = [[Jason Beghe]]<br>[[Jon Seda]]<br>[[Sophia Bush]]<br>[[Jesse Lee Soffer]]<br>[[Patrick Flueger]]<br>[[Marina Squerciati]]<br>[[LaRoyce Hawkins]]<br>[[Archie Kao]]<br>[[Elias Koteas]]<br>[[Amy Morton]]<br>[[Brian Geraghty]]<br>[[Tracy Spiridakos]]<br>[[Lisseth Chavez]]<br>[[Benjamin Levy Aguilar]] | judges = <!-- Organized by broadcast credit order, with new main cast added to the end of the list --> | voices = <!-- Organized by broadcast credit order, with new main cast added to the end of the list --> | narrator = | theme_music_composer = | music = | open_theme = | end_theme = | composer = Atli Örvarsson | country = United States | language = English | num_seasons = 12 | num_series = <!-- Increment when new series begin. Only use without |num_seasons= --> | num_episodes = 243 | num_specials = | list_episodes = | executive_producer = Dick Wolf<br>Matt Olmstead<br>Danielle Gelber<br>Michael Brandt<br>Derek Haas<br>Mark Tinker<br>Arthur W. Forney<br>Peter Jankowski<br>Rick Eid<br>Terry Miller<br>Gwen Sigan<br>Jason Beghe (Season 10–) | producer = | news_editor = <!-- Content editor or editors of a current affairs/political show such as Newsnight. --> | location = [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]] <!-- Nation the series was primarily filmed in, if different from the nation of origin. --> | cinematography = | animator = <!-- Person(s) who served as animators, not animation houses, companies, etc. --> | editor = <!-- Film editors --> | camera = <!-- Either Single-camera or Multi-camera --> | runtime = <!-- Reliable source required --> | company = Wolf Entertainment<br>Universal Television | budget = | network = [[NBC]] | first_aired = {{Start date|2014|1|8}} | released = <!-- {{Start date|2014|1|8}}. Only use without |first_aired= --> | last_aired = present | related = ''[[Chicago Fire (TV series)|Chicago Fire]]''<br>''[[Chicago Justice]]''<br>''[[Chicago Med]]'' }} ==References== {{commonscat}} {{reflist}} {{TV-stub}} [[Category:2014 American television series debuts]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:NBC network shows]] [[Category:Television series set in Chicago]] [[Category:Chicago (franchise)]] rc9yzx9x5okn5g7hnxryqet76fwqp9l 10368527 10368526 2025-07-03T00:05:23Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* References */ 10368527 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} '''''Chicago P.D.''''' is an American [[police]] action drama television series created by [[Dick Wolf]] and [[Matt Olmstead]]. It is part of [[Wolf Entertainment]]'s [[Chicago (franchise)|''Chicago'' franchise]]. The series premiered on [[NBC]] on January 8, 2014. It is about detectives and police officers who work for the [[Chicago Police Department]]. In addition to tracking down and arresting the city’s most violent offenders, members of the Intelligence Unit deal with professional and interpersonal pressures in and outside of their jobs. {{Infobox television | image = Chicago P.D. Logo.png | image_size = 300px | image_upright = | image_alt = | caption = | alt_name = | native_name = <!-- {{Infobox name module|language|title}} or {{Infobox name module|title}} --> | genre = [[Action]]<br>[[Police procedural]]<br>[[Crime]]<!-- Must be reliably sourced --> | creator = | based_on = <!-- {{Based on|title of the original work|creator of the original work|additional creator(s), if necessary}} --> | inspired_by = <!-- {{Based on|title of the original work|creator of the original work|additional creator(s), if necessary}} --> | developer = | writer = | screenplay = <!-- Only use without |teleplay= --> | teleplay = <!-- Only use without |screenplay= --> | story = | director = | creative_director = | presenter = <!-- Organized by broadcast credit order, with new main cast added to the end of the list --> | starring = [[Jason Beghe]]<br>[[Jon Seda]]<br>[[Sophia Bush]]<br>[[Jesse Lee Soffer]]<br>[[Patrick Flueger]]<br>[[Marina Squerciati]]<br>[[LaRoyce Hawkins]]<br>[[Archie Kao]]<br>[[Elias Koteas]]<br>[[Amy Morton]]<br>[[Brian Geraghty]]<br>[[Tracy Spiridakos]]<br>[[Lisseth Chavez]]<br>[[Benjamin Levy Aguilar]] | judges = <!-- Organized by broadcast credit order, with new main cast added to the end of the list --> | voices = <!-- Organized by broadcast credit order, with new main cast added to the end of the list --> | narrator = | theme_music_composer = | music = | open_theme = | end_theme = | composer = Atli Örvarsson | country = United States | language = English | num_seasons = 12 | num_series = <!-- Increment when new series begin. Only use without |num_seasons= --> | num_episodes = 243 | num_specials = | list_episodes = | executive_producer = Dick Wolf<br>Matt Olmstead<br>Danielle Gelber<br>Michael Brandt<br>Derek Haas<br>Mark Tinker<br>Arthur W. Forney<br>Peter Jankowski<br>Rick Eid<br>Terry Miller<br>Gwen Sigan<br>Jason Beghe (Season 10–) | producer = | news_editor = <!-- Content editor or editors of a current affairs/political show such as Newsnight. --> | location = [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]] <!-- Nation the series was primarily filmed in, if different from the nation of origin. --> | cinematography = | animator = <!-- Person(s) who served as animators, not animation houses, companies, etc. --> | editor = <!-- Film editors --> | camera = <!-- Either Single-camera or Multi-camera --> | runtime = <!-- Reliable source required --> | company = Wolf Entertainment<br>Universal Television | budget = | network = [[NBC]] | first_aired = {{Start date|2014|1|8}} | released = <!-- {{Start date|2014|1|8}}. Only use without |first_aired= --> | last_aired = present | related = ''[[Chicago Fire (TV series)|Chicago Fire]]''<br>''[[Chicago Justice]]''<br>''[[Chicago Med]]'' }} ==References== {{commonscat}} {{reflist}} {{TV-stub}} [[Category:2014 American television series debuts]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:NBC network series]] [[Category:Television series set in Chicago]] [[Category:Chicago (franchise)]] 18jzinclgelxhrdrafxdmsf3hioiu1q 0 897798 10367746 10075808 2025-07-02T14:30:06Z Nanotrasen 1613563 Requested citation on two sources. Minor grammatical errors fixed. 10367746 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" style="width:24.5em; line-height:1.5em;" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;" |Yucca Mountain |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding: 0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;" |<div class="infobox-caption" style="padding: 0.2em 0em;">Yucca Mountain</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;" |Highest&nbsp;point |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Summit|Elevation]] | class="infobox-data" |6,707&nbsp;ft (2,044&nbsp;m)<small>[[North American Vertical Datum of 1988|&nbsp;NAVD&nbsp;88]]</small><ref name="ngs"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="122">[https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/ds_mark.prl?PidBox=GS0843 "Yucca"]. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="123">''NGS data sheet''. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="124">[[U.S. National Geodetic Survey]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="126"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-05-20</span></span>.</span></cite></ref> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Topographic prominence|Prominence]] | class="infobox-data" |1,333&nbsp;ft (406&nbsp;m)<ref name="pb"><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[http://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=18918 "Chocolate Mountain, Nevada"]. </cite></ref> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]] | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Yucca_Mountain&params=36.940210656_N_116.485006506_W_type:mountain_region:US-NV_scale:100000_source:NGS <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°56′25″N</span> <span class="longitude">116°29′06″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.940210656°N 116.485006506°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">36.940210656; -116.485006506</span></span></span>]</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Yucca_Mountain&params=36.940210656_N_116.485006506_W_type:mountain_region:US-NV_scale:100000_source:NGS <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°56′25″N</span> <span class="longitude">116°29′06″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.940210656°N 116.485006506°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">36.940210656; -116.485006506</span></span></span>]</span></span></span><ref name="ngs" /> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;" |Geography |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.5em 0.2em;"><templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:160px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:160px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:160px"><div class="od" style="top:72.052%;left:58.306%"><div class="pr" style="font-size:91%;width:6em;left:9px"><div>Yucca Mountain</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">[[Nye County, Nevada]], [[United States|U.S.]]</div></div></div></div> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Topographic map|Topo map]] | class="infobox-data" |[[United States Geological Survey|USGS]] Topopah Spring |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;" |Geology |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mountain type | class="infobox-data" |Caldera, cinder cones |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Volcanic eruption|Last eruption]] | class="infobox-data" |80,000 years ago |} '''Yucca Mountain''' is a mountain in [[Nevada]], near its border with [[California]]. It is approximately {{Convert|100|mi}} northwest of [[Las Vegas]]. Yucca Mountain is in the [[Great Basin]]. The mountain is east of the Amargosa Desert, south of the Nevada Test and Training Range and in the [[Nevada Test Site|Nevada National Security Site]]. It is the site of the Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository. As of 2021, laws have identified this site as the place where spent nuclear waste is to be stored. Because of politics, the funding of the site was cut in 2010.{{Citation needed|date=July 2025|reason=No direct political reason provided in context.}} [[File:YuccaMountain6-7-2005.JPG|thumb|View to the west from the top of Yucca Mountain]] == Geology == [[File:Wfm_area51_map_en.png|left|thumb|Map of the Location of the Mountain]] Several large eruptions from a [[caldera]] [[volcano]] created Yucca Mountain. The mountain is composed of changing layers of different kinds of rock. The volcanic units have been tilted along [[Fault (geology)|fault]] lines. They formed the current ridge line called Yucca Mountain. In addition to these faults, Yucca Mountain is criss-crossed by fractures, many of which formed when the volcanic units cooled. == Cultural history == Yucca Mountain and surrounding lands were central in the lives of the Western Shoshone and Southern Paiute peoples, who shared them for religious ceremonies, resource uses, and social events; Yucca Mountain is still considered sacred by the Shoshone people living today.{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}} == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == * {{GNIS|863092}} GNIS - Feature Detail Report for Yucca Mountain * {{Cite book|url=http://geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov/metadata/map-i/2755/metadata.faq.html|title=Geologic map of the Yucca Mountain region, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Investigations Series I-2755|last1=Potter|first1=Christopher J.|last2=Dickerson, Robert P.|last3=Sweetkind, Donald S.|last4=Drake, Ronald M. II|last5=Taylor, Emily M.|last6=Fridrich, Christopher J.|last7=San, Carma A. Juan|last8=Day, Warren C.|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey|year=2002|location=Denver, Colorado|access-date=2022-01-19|archive-date=2022-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119220023/https://geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov/metadata/map-i/2755/metadata.faq.html|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite journal|last1=Smith|first1=E.I.|last2=D.L. Keenan|date=30 August 2005|title=Yucca Mountain Could Face Greater Volcanic Threat|journal=Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union|volume=86|issue=35|pages=317, 321|doi=10.1029/2005eo350001|bibcode=2005EOSTr..86..317S|doi-access=free}} * {{Cite news|title=Yucca Mountain: Nuclear Waste in Nevada|work=Las Vegas Review-Journal|format=news archive|url=http://www.lvrj.com/hottopics/yucca_mountain.html|access-date=2011-05-20}} [[Category:Geography of Nevada]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] gd2ez1s9x5yvj21wpmsm97v0iulp3h4 0 898384 10368945 10198442 2025-07-03T04:19:41Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 Rephrased to fix the typo of duplication 10368945 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nawab''' ({{lang-ar|نواب}}; {{lang-bn|নবাব/নওয়াব}}; {{lang-hi|नवाब}}; [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] {{small|([[Gurmukhi]])}}: ਨਵਾਬ; [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] {{small|([[Shahmukhi]])}}, [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]], [[Urdu]]: نواب), also spelt '''Nawaab''', '''Navaab''', '''Navab''', '''Nowab''', '''Nabob''', '''Nawaabshah''', '''Nawabshah''' or '''Nobab''', is a [[royal title]]. It was used by [[sovereign]] ruler, often of a [[South Asia]]n state. It is similar to the western titles of [[King]] in many ways. The relationship of a Nawab to the [[Emperor of India]] has been compared to that of the [[Kingdom of Saxony|Kings of Saxony]] to the [[German Emperor]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sir Robert |first1=Lethbridge |title=The Golden Handbook of India |date=1893 |page=x}}</ref> In earlier times, the title was given by the [[Mughal dynasty|Mughal emperor]] to [[Muslim]] rulers of subdivisions or [[princely states]] in the [[Indian subcontinent]] who were loyal to the [[Mughal Empire]]. The title is an equivalent to the title [[Maharaja]]. "Nawab" usually refers to males. It means ''Viceroy''. The female equivalent is "[[Begum]]" or "''Nawab Begum''". The primary duty of a Nawab was the [[administration]] of a certain [[provinces of India|province]]. Similar to a [[British peerage]], The title of "nawabi" was also given to persons and families who ruled a princely state of [[British India]]. In some cases, the titles were also given with [[jagir]] grants. These were either cash or land-holdings. == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:South Asia]] [[Category:Titles]] fkm7a7cldb1rsucuz01di2znl606k4l 0 899055 10367608 10359704 2025-07-02T12:27:33Z BlackJack 572554 expanded and referenced 10367608 wikitext text/x-wiki In the [[sport]] of [[cricket]], two '''umpires''' are on the field of play to take charge of the match. They are there to watch everything that happens in the game, and make sure nothing is done that breaks ''[[The Laws of Cricket]]'' (the sport's rules). The umpires make all decisions about the play. This includes deciding if the [[bowling (cricket)|bowler]] has bowled the [[cricket ball|ball]] correctly; if the [[batting (cricket)|batter]] has been [[dismissal (cricket)|dismissed]] or not; how many [[run (cricket)|run]]s have been [[scoring (cricket)|scored]]; and if the [[pitch (cricket)|pitch]] and weather conditions are suitable for play to take place. Law 2 of ''The Laws'' is directly concerned with umpiring. It begins by stating:<ref name="Law2">{{cite web |url=https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket-2d35b4b95a4a67ae8f9c76f258a84aa8/the-umpires |title=Law 2. The Umpires. |work=The Laws of Cricket |publisher=Marylebone Cricket Club |year=2017 |access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref> <blockquote>Before the match, two umpires shall be appointed, one for each end, to control the match as required by the Laws, with absolute impartiality.</blockquote> Section 2.12 of Law 2 concerns umpiring decisions. Although it allows for a decision to be altered, providing it is done promptly, 2.12 states emphatically that "an umpire's decision, once made, is final".<ref name="Law2"/> The most usual reason for a decision being changed is when it has been referred to the [[Decision Review System]] (DRS), and video evidence has shown that the umpire was mistaken. In such cases, the umpire will alter the decision. For example, if the umpire has given the batter out [[leg before wicket]] (lbw), but a review shows that the ball would actually have missed the wicket, the umpire will reverse the "out" decision and rule "not out".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/cricket/rules-and-regulations/decision-review-system |title=Decision Review System (DRS) |publisher=International Cricket Council |access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Cricket]] {{sports-stub}} hh0injy392onzgr6grq51sjfn52mgzv 10368339 10367608 2025-07-02T22:05:28Z BlackJack 572554 added image 10368339 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Southgate Adelaide CC v Stevenage CC at Southgate, London England 08.jpg|thumb|right|500px|An umpire signals a [[no ball]].]] In the [[sport]] of [[cricket]], two '''umpires''' are on the field of play to take charge of the match. They are there to watch everything that happens in the game, and make sure nothing is done that breaks ''[[The Laws of Cricket]]'' (the sport's rules). The umpires make all decisions about the play. This includes deciding if the [[bowling (cricket)|bowler]] has bowled the [[cricket ball|ball]] correctly; if the [[batting (cricket)|batter]] has been [[dismissal (cricket)|dismissed]] or not; how many [[run (cricket)|run]]s have been [[scoring (cricket)|scored]]; and if the [[pitch (cricket)|pitch]] and weather conditions are suitable for play to take place. Law 2 of ''The Laws'' is directly concerned with umpiring. It begins by stating:<ref name="Law2">{{cite web |url=https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket-2d35b4b95a4a67ae8f9c76f258a84aa8/the-umpires |title=Law 2. The Umpires. |work=The Laws of Cricket |publisher=Marylebone Cricket Club |year=2017 |access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref> <blockquote>Before the match, two umpires shall be appointed, one for each end, to control the match as required by the Laws, with absolute impartiality.</blockquote> Section 2.12 of Law 2 concerns umpiring decisions. Although it allows for a decision to be altered, providing it is done promptly, 2.12 states emphatically that "an umpire's decision, once made, is final".<ref name="Law2"/> The most usual reason for a decision being changed is when it has been referred to the [[Decision Review System]] (DRS), and video evidence has shown that the umpire was mistaken. In such cases, the umpire will alter the decision. For example, if the umpire has given the batter out [[leg before wicket]] (lbw), but a review shows that the ball would actually have missed the wicket, the umpire will reverse the "out" decision and rule "not out".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/cricket/rules-and-regulations/decision-review-system |title=Decision Review System (DRS) |publisher=International Cricket Council |access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Cricket]] {{sports-stub}} dxdgyweu9o7fbxp3uh3cg3j8bksmk9n 10368340 10368339 2025-07-02T22:06:38Z BlackJack 572554 size 10368340 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Southgate Adelaide CC v Stevenage CC at Southgate, London England 08.jpg|thumb|right|An umpire signals a [[no ball]].]] In the [[sport]] of [[cricket]], two '''umpires''' are on the field of play to take charge of the match. They are there to watch everything that happens in the game, and make sure nothing is done that breaks ''[[The Laws of Cricket]]'' (the sport's rules). The umpires make all decisions about the play. This includes deciding if the [[bowling (cricket)|bowler]] has bowled the [[cricket ball|ball]] correctly; if the [[batting (cricket)|batter]] has been [[dismissal (cricket)|dismissed]] or not; how many [[run (cricket)|run]]s have been [[scoring (cricket)|scored]]; and if the [[pitch (cricket)|pitch]] and weather conditions are suitable for play to take place. Law 2 of ''The Laws'' is directly concerned with umpiring. It begins by stating:<ref name="Law2">{{cite web |url=https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket-2d35b4b95a4a67ae8f9c76f258a84aa8/the-umpires |title=Law 2. The Umpires. |work=The Laws of Cricket |publisher=Marylebone Cricket Club |year=2017 |access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref> <blockquote>Before the match, two umpires shall be appointed, one for each end, to control the match as required by the Laws, with absolute impartiality.</blockquote> Section 2.12 of Law 2 concerns umpiring decisions. Although it allows for a decision to be altered, providing it is done promptly, 2.12 states emphatically that "an umpire's decision, once made, is final".<ref name="Law2"/> The most usual reason for a decision being changed is when it has been referred to the [[Decision Review System]] (DRS), and video evidence has shown that the umpire was mistaken. In such cases, the umpire will alter the decision. For example, if the umpire has given the batter out [[leg before wicket]] (lbw), but a review shows that the ball would actually have missed the wicket, the umpire will reverse the "out" decision and rule "not out".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/cricket/rules-and-regulations/decision-review-system |title=Decision Review System (DRS) |publisher=International Cricket Council |access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Cricket]] {{sports-stub}} 6kr0go4ms7wkcmroymko66vrujhiiy2 0 899932 10368559 10066376 2025-07-03T00:19:21Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* History */ Typo: duplication and an extra blank 10368559 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Vienna Cricket and Football-Club | image = | fullname = Vienna Cricket and Football-Club | nickname = | founded = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1894|8|23}} | dissolved = | ground = Cricketer-Platz | capacity = | chairman = | manager = | league = | season = | position = | website = https://www.vienna-cricket.at }} '''Vienna Cricket and Football-Club''' is a [[sport]] club from [[Vienna]]. Today they have [[tennis]] and athletics sections, but the club is most famous for the [[football]] section which was one of the oldest football clubs in [[Austria]]. ==History== [[File:Vienna CFC - 1897.jpg|thumb|right|Vienna Cricket and Football-Club 1897]] The club was founded by English men in Vienna under the name Vienna Cricket Club . Because only few people want to see [[Cricket]] they founded a football section. They chanced the name to First Vienna Cricket and Football-Club. They want an official permit and got it on 23 August 1894 only one day after [[First Vienna FC|Vienna FC]] . So they had to swipe the "first" out of their name. The first official match was a 4:0 win versus their rival First Vienna FC. Because the number of members increased many spin-offs happend. The most important was in 1911 the Wiener Amateursportverein later known as [[FK Austria Wien]].<ref name="Official Homepage:History German">{{Cite web |url=https://www.vienna-cricket.at/club/geschichte |title=Official Homepage:History (German) |access-date=2022-01-26 |archive-date=2022-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125210358/https://www.vienna-cricket.at/club/geschichte |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1908 the club hosted the first international [[Competition|match]] between Austria and [[Germany]] in front of 5,000 visitors. Ludwig Hussak was the only player from the club.<ref>[https://eu-football.info/_match.php?id=4524 Match info]</ref> One of the founders, John Gramlick, later established the [[Challenge Cup]]. In the early 20th century the club was famous for Cricket and Football. Due to financial problems the football section of the club was dissolved in the early 1930s.<ref name="Official Homepage:History German"/> ==Honours== *'''[[Challenge Cup]]''':1898, 1902 *Challenge Cup runner-up:1900, 1904 *First league team:1911/12 ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Austrian football clubs]] [[Category:Football clubs of Vienna]] [[Category:1894 establishments in Europe]] [[Category:19th-century establishments in Austria]] rfyntrqow6em2zi0avntc8dwg4iprjc 3 904932 10368972 10364564 2025-07-03T05:01:36Z Bot873 764901 Bot: Archiving 2 threads (older than 30 days) to [[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe/Archives/2025]] 10368972 wikitext text/x-wiki {{archives|bot=MiszaBot|age=30| : [[/Archives/2022|2022]] : [[/Archives/2023|2023]] : [[/Archives/2024|2024]] : [[/Archives/2025|2025]] }} <div style="height-min: 700px; width: 77%;"> <div style="background: #ebf2e4; color: #111; border-radius: 9px; box-shadow: 0 3px 15px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); padding: 10px; "> {{talkheader|bottom=yes}} {{autoarchivingnotice|bot=MiszaBot|age=30}} {{Usertalkback|you=watched|me=watched}} {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = User talk:MrMeAndMrMe/Archives/%(year)s |algo = old(30d) |counter = 1 }} </div> </div> <div style="background: #fafbfc; color: #111; border-radius: 9px; width: 98%; padding: 10px; box-shadow: 0 5px 20px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); margin-top: 10px;"> <div style=" min-width: 1px; min-height: 1px; float: right;max-width:170px;font-size:11px;box-shadow: 0 2px 8px 2px rgba(0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1);"> __TOC__ </div> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-24 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:fi:Kotiryssä]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Kotiryssä]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''kotiryssä''' (jocular Finnish: one’s home Russky or home Russian) was a Soviet or Russian contact person of a Finnish politician, bureaucrat, businessman or other important person. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:33, 9 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Tech News: 2025-24 == <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]]. * Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> and <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:17, 10 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-25 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Future self]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pl:Przyszła jaźń]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In the psychology of self, the '''future self''' concerns the processes and consequences associated with thinking about oneself in the future. People think about their future selves similarly to how they think about other people. The extent to which people feel psychologically connected (e.g., similarity, closeness) to their future self influences how well they treat their future self. When people feel connected to their future self, they are more likely to save for retirement, make healthy decisions, and avoid ethical transgressions. Interventions that increase feelings of connectedness with future selves can improve future-oriented decision making across these domains. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:18, 16 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Tech News: 2025-25 == <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:38, 16 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-26 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pictorial map]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:نقشه تصویری]])&#32;([[:ja:絵地図]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Blake Britain Spearhead of Attack.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pictorial maps''' (also known as illustrated maps, panoramic maps, perspective maps, bird's-eye view maps, and geopictorial maps) depict a given territory with a more artistic rather than technical style. It is a type of map in contrast to road map, atlas, or topographic map. The cartography can be a sophisticated 3-D perspective landscape or a simple map graphic enlivened with illustrations of buildings, people and animals. They can feature all sorts of varied topics like historical events, legendary figures or local agricultural products and cover anything from an entire continent to a college campus. Drawn by specialized artists and illustrators, pictorial maps are a rich, centuries-old tradition and a diverse art form that ranges from cartoon maps on restaurant placemats to treasured art prints in museums. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:18, 23 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Flood == Hi, are you going to make more trivial edits for a while? If so I can give you the flood flag. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 03:21, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :It should only be 21 categories, and I am done. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 03:22, 23 June 2025 (UTC) ::OK, thx '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 03:23, 23 June 2025 (UTC) == birth category == Please repurpose [[:Category:Births by time]] instead of creating a new one ([[:Category:Births]]). [[Special:Contributions/166.140.230.94|166.140.230.94]] ([[User talk:166.140.230.94|talk]]) 03:26, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :Births by time is fairly nonsensical currently. It categorizes births by century for some reason, plus some various categories, and does not include anything about births by year or century. "By period" would make more sense if it were to use that but otherwise, there is no particular consensus so I am going with what en currently has. I will finish this area of categories tomorrow if there aren't any issues with this, but if there are, please continue the discussion. Thanks, <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 03:29, 23 June 2025 (UTC) ::It is not nonsensical. It is reasonable that the most direct way to find births in a particular time period is to click the century, then the decade, then the year. You may think that it's better to click "Births by year" or "Births by century" but other people may think it's better to search by time period with increasing specificity. [[Special:Contributions/166.140.230.94|166.140.230.94]] ([[User talk:166.140.230.94|talk]]) 03:33, 23 June 2025 (UTC) :::Furthermore, there is currently [[:Category:Births by time]] and [[:Category:Deaths by time]]. I think the categories that contain these things should have matching titles. [[Special:Contributions/166.140.230.94|166.140.230.94]] ([[User talk:166.140.230.94|talk]]) 03:35, 23 June 2025 (UTC) ::::"By period" does not mean time period. Births by period would include the categories "births by period" would include the categories "births by century", "births by decade", and "births by year". This could also be how "births by time" is maintained, or how "births" is maintained and then between "births by period", "births by time", and "births", one is a redirect to two other categories. In any case, the only means of navigation should not be what is effectively "births by century". If you think, we could move this discussion to simple talk. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 10:28, 23 June 2025 (UTC) == Tech News: 2025-26 == <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * The <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the "Add a Link" Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 23 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == This Month in Education: June 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 6 • June 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Albanian high school students at the Wikimedia Youth Conference 2025 in Prague|Albanian high school students at the Wikimedia Youth Conference 2025 in Prague]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Bolivia has 20 new teachers graduated from the Let's Read Wikipedia in the Classroom program|Bolivia has 20 new teachers graduated from the Let's Read Wikipedia in the Classroom program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Brazil was present at the EduWiki Conference 2025 in Bogota|Brazil was present at the EduWiki Conference 2025 in Bogota]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Does Wikipedia has future in the times of Chat-GPT|Does Wikipedia has future in the times of Chat-GPT]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/PhilWiki Community promotes accessible multilingual stories for children|PhilWiki Community promotes accessible multilingual stories for children]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Reading and Editing Wikipedia in a Bangladeshi College|Reading and Editing Wikipedia in a Bangladeshi College]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Wikimedia MKD's Workshops in June|Wikimedia MKD's Workshops in June]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Wikipedia meets 2500 Ukrainian educators at the country’s biggest education festival|Wikipedia meets 2500 Ukrainian educators at the country’s biggest education festival]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 07:18, 27 June 2025 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=28903832 --> == Flood == Are you going to do many more cats? If so, I can give you the flood flag. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:14, 27 June 2025 (UTC) :No, I actually just finished. Sorry! <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 23:15, 27 June 2025 (UTC) ::It's okay, cheers '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:16, 27 June 2025 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-27 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Queen Elizabeth University Hospital]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:QEUH.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Queen Elizabeth University Hospital''' (QEUH) is a 1,677-bed acute hospital located in Govan, in the south-west of Glasgow, Scotland. The hospital is built on the site of the former Southern General Hospital and opened at the end of April 2015. The hospital comprises a 1,109-bed adult hospital, a 256-bed children's hospital and two major Emergency Departments; one for adults and one for children. There is also an Immediate Assessment Unit for local GPs and out-of-hours services, to send patients directly, without having to be processed through the Emergency Department. The retained buildings from the former Southern General Hospital include the Maternity Unit, the Institute of Neurological Sciences, the Langlands Unit for medicine of the elderly and the laboratory. The whole facility is operated by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, and is one of the largest acute hospital campuses in Europe. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:05, 30 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Tech News: 2025-27 == <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's "Find in page" function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special "favourite list". The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:41, 30 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> frn9dcuerlefz7rchiu0k3akh49jm2g 0 907664 10368400 8042167 2025-07-02T22:41:33Z 2A00:23CC:E80A:AD01:8AA8:88A3:4BB0:ADF7 10368400 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:First_Umayyad_gold_dinar,_Caliph_Abd_al-Malik,_695_CE_(cropped).jpg|thumb|262x262px|[[Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan]] established [[Arabic]] as the official language of the [[Umayyad Caliphate]] in 686 CE]] '''Arabisation''' (or '''Arabization''') is a process where the influence of [[Arab people|Arabic populations]] grows in an area. This will mean that the Arab ways of doing things will replace other ways over time. It will also mean that the [[Arabic language|Arabic lanuage]] will become more important. Usually, this will also mean that [[Islam]] will spread in the area. Non-Arabic populations will be [[Cultural assimilation|assimilated]] over time (or leave the area altogether). Examples where Arabization happened are the south of the [[Iberian Peninsula]] ([[Spain]] and [[Portugal]], called [[Mozarabs]]), in the [[Middle Ages]] (undone by the [[Reconquista]]). In the [[Maghreb|Mahgreb]] including [[Morocco]], Arabization drove away many [[Berber people]]. Arabization also happened in the [[Near East|Near]] and [[Middle East]]. In [[Sudan]] and other parts of [[East Africa]], Arabization also took place. In those areas, it was driven by [[trade]]. When Turkish troops and their allies conquered the city of [[Afrin]] in [[Syria]], in 2018, they settled Arab people there.<ref>{{Internetquelle|autor=Martin Chulov, Kareem Shaheen|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jun/07/too-many-strange-faces-kurds-fear-forced-demographic-shift-in-afrin|titel='Nothing is ours anymore': Kurds forced out of Afrin after Turkish assault|datum=2018-06-07|zugriff=2018-09-30|sprache=en}}</ref> According to Kurdish sources, in June of 2018, almost 60 percent of the population of Afrin were Arabs. Before the Turkish troops took the city, the German newspaper, 'Die Welt' reported that ninety percent of the popuation of Afrin had been [[Kurds]]. <ref>{{Literatur|Autor=Alfred Hackensberger|Titel=Erdogans Chaos in Afrin|Sammelwerk=DIE WELT|Datum=2018-06-29|Online=https://www.welt.de/print/welt_kompakt/print_politik/article178442888/Erdogans-Chaos-in-Afrin.html|Abruf=2018-10-02}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Cultural assimilation]] cu4dzqgpsbuhl4az17y070t2derqq0h 0 909165 10368426 10366890 2025-07-02T22:59:50Z Anatole-berthe 1562898 Undid revision 10366890 by [[Special:Contributions/MrMeAndMrMe|MrMeAndMrMe]] ([[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|talk]]) A war = a controversy ? I don't think so. 10368426 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- (Only use multiple issues if 3+ issues are displayed. (UseMdyDates and Current do not count as cleanup tags / issues)) == Tag Storage == {{multiple issues| {{complex|date=January 2025}} {{redlinks|date=April 2025}} {{cleanup|reason=|date=January 2025}} }} Note: If only one of these tags is in use, we do not need {{multiple issues}}. Please keep that in mind when adding or removing tags. Thanks! --> {{copyedit|date=January 2025}} {{Expand English|Russian invasion of Ukraine|date=May 2025}} {{current}} <!-- Don't use date= paramater on {{current}} since it will be accurate as long as the invasion is still ongoing. --> <!-- DO NOT USE BARE URLS OR TINY URLS. USE THE FULL CITATION ON THE EDITOR.--> {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine | partof = the [[Russo-Ukrainian War]] | image = 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.svg | caption = Military situation as of {{date}}<br />{{legend2|#FDE182}} Land controlled by Ukraine &nbsp; {{legend2|#EBC0B3}} Land controlled by Russia &nbsp; {{legend2|#ABD4DD}} Land recaptured by Ukraine from Russia | image_size = 320px | alt = | date = {{start date|df=yes|2022|2|24}} – present<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=2|day1=24|year1=2022|duration=on}}) | place = [[Ukraine]], [[Russia]]{{efn|name=Location|Including regions held by Russian or pro-Russian forces since 2014 like [[2022 Crimea attacks|Crimea]] or [[March 2022 Donetsk attack|Donetsk]] city; the war [[2022 Western Russia attacks|has also affected]] a number of localities in western Russia, [[2022 missile explosion in Poland|as well as the Polish border village of Przewodów]] and the Moldovan localities of [[Briceni]] and [[Naslavcea]].}} | coordinates = <!--Use the {{coord}} template --> | map_type = | map_relief = | map_size = | map_marksize = | map_caption = | map_label = | result = | status = Ongoing | combatants_header = | combatant1 = {{flag|Russia}} *{{flagicon image|Flag of Donetsk People's Republic.svg}} [[Donetsk People's Republic]]{{efn|name=DonetskLuhanskRecognition|The Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic were Russian-controlled puppet states that declared their independence in May 2014. They received [[International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic|international recognition]] from each other, Russia, Syria and North Korea, and some other partially recognised states. On 30 September 2022, after [[2022 annexation referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine|a referendum]] Russia declared [[Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts|it had formally annexed both entities]].}} *{{flagicon image|Flag of the Luhansk People's Republic.svg}} [[Luhansk People's Republic]]{{efn|name=DonetskLuhanskRecognition}} *{{flag|Chechnya}} '''Supported by:'''<br>{{flag|Belarus}}{{efn|Russian forces were permitted to stage part of the invasion from Belarusian territory.<ref name="CNN invasion routes">{{cite news |last1=Lister |first1=Tim |last2=Kesa |first2=Julia |title=Ukraine says it was attacked through Russian, Belarus and Crimea borders |url=https://www.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-news-02-23-22/h_82bf44af2f01ad57f81c0760c6cb697c |access-date=24 February 2022 |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=24 February 2022 |location=Kyiv |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224071121/https://www.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-news-02-23-22/h_82bf44af2f01ad57f81c0760c6cb697c |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Murphy |first1=Palu |title=Troops and military vehicles have entered Ukraine from Belarus |url=https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-news-02-23-22/h_d115a65e9b6348752422ad427fa83b95 |access-date=24 February 2022 |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=23 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223185404/https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-news-02-23-22/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Belarusian president [[Alexander Lukashenko]] also stated that Belarusian troops could take part in the invasion if needed,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rodionov |first1=Maxim |last2=Balmforth |first2=Tom |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/belarusian-troops-could-be-used-operation-against-ukraine-if-needed-lukashenko-2022-02-24/ |title=Belarusian troops could be used in operation against Ukraine if needed, Lukashenko says |agency=[[Reuters]] |date=25 February 2022 |access-date=25 February 2022 |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225020021/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/belarusian-troops-could-be-used-operation-against-ukraine-if-needed-lukashenko-2022-02-24/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and Belarusian territory has been used to launch missiles into Ukraine.<ref>{{cite news |title=Missiles launched into Ukraine from Belarus |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-60542877?pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:4b1fae66-d68a-4ba0-9cb3-bf962c5a10d2 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=27 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022 |archive-date=2 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302125730/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-60542877?pinned_post_locator=urn%3Aasset%3A4b1fae66-d68a-4ba0-9cb3-bf962c5a10d2 |url-status=live}}</ref> ''See also: [[Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine]]''}} <br> {{flag|North Korea}} <p style="transform: translateY(-10px);">{{flag|Iran}} | combatant2 = {{UKR}} <br /> '''Supported by:''' <br /> {{flag|European Union}} <br /> {{flag|NATO}} <br /> * {{USA}} * {{UK}} * {{FRA}} * {{DEU}} * {{flag|Turkey}} * {{flag|Poland}} * {{flag|Italy}} * other {{flag|Australia}} <p style="transform: translateY(-10px);">{{flag|Argentina}} | commander1 = {{plainlist|<!--Please discuss on talk page before altering --> * {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Vladimir Putin]] }} <!--plainlist--> | combatant3 = | commander2 = {{plainlist|<!--Please discuss on talk page before altering --> * {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]] }} | commander3 = | units1 = | units2 = | units3 = | strength1 = {{plainlist}} * {{flagu|Russia}}:<br>175,000–190,000 (armed forces)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/10/us/politics/russia-ukraine-helicopters.html |last1=Barnes |first1=Julian E. |last2=Crowley |first2=Michael |last3=Schmitt |first3=Eric |title=Russia Positioning Helicopters, in Possible Sign of Ukraine Plans |date=10 January 2022 |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=20 January 2022 |archive-date=22 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122100818/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/10/us/politics/russia-ukraine-helicopters.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Bengali |first=Shashank |date=18 February 2022 |title=The U.S. says Russia's troop buildup could be as high as 190,000 in and near Ukraine. |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/02/18/world/ukraine-russia-news |access-date=18 February 2022 |url-access=limited |archive-date=18 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218063637/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/02/18/world/ukraine-russia-news |url-status=live}}</ref> * 34,000 (separatist militias)<ref name="The Military Balance2021">{{cite book |editor1-last=Hackett |editor1-first=James |title=The Military Balance 2021 |date=February 2021 |url={{GBurl|Re4fEAAAQBAJ|}} |publisher=[[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] |location=Abingdon, Oxfordshire |edition=1st |isbn=978-1-03-201227-8 |ol=OL32226712M |oclc=1292198893}}</ref><ref name="The Military Balance2021" /> <br />(February 2022) | strength2 = {{plainlist|}} * {{flagu|Ukraine}}:{{unbulletedlist|196,600 (armed forces)|102,000 (paramilitary)<ref name="The Military Balance2022">{{cite book |title=The Military Balance 2022 |date=February 2022 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vOFeEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA945 |publisher=[[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] |isbn=9781000620030 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref>}}(February 2022) | casualties1 = {{plainlist}} * Military casualties - up to about 879 410 Russian and pro-Russian soldiers killed or wounded (to 4 March of 2025)<ref>https://index.minfin.com.ua/en/russian-invading/casualties/</ref> * Civilian casualties - 151 killed in Western Russia (to February 2024),<ref>https://semnasem.org/articles/2023/08/01/spisok-zhertv-vojny-v-rossijskih-regionah</ref> 6 killed in Crimea (to June 2023),<ref>https://www.ohchr.org/en/news/2023/07/ukraine-civilian-casualties-24-february-2022-30-june-2023</ref> 831 killed within the original pre-invasion borders of the DPR (to February 2024),<ref>https://konkretno.ru/veteran/154562-novye-territorii-svo-itogi-avgusta.html</ref> 3831 killed within the newly incorporated (during the invasion) DPR areas (to February 2024),<ref>https://konkretno.ru/veteran/154562-novye-territorii-svo-itogi-avgusta.html</ref> 4831 killed and 5906 wounded in the whole DPR areas (to February 2024),<ref>https://dan-news.ru/emergencies/terroristicheskie-obstrely-s-17-fevralja-2022-unesli-zhizni-4832-mirnyh-zhitelej/</ref> 972+ killed in the whole LPR areas, at least 169 of them in the original pre-invasion LPR areas (to December 2023)<ref>https://lug-info.com/en/news/3-200-lpr-civilians-killed-as-a-result-of-kiev-s-aggression-since-2014-ombudsperson</ref><ref>https://lug-info.com/en/news/kiev-artillery-attacks-claim-72-lives-in-lpr-over-year-268-people-wounded-ombudsperson</ref> | casualties2 = {{plainlist}} * Military casualties - up to about 1 118 900 Ukrainian and pro-Ukrainian soldiers killed or wounded (to 1 January of 2025)<ref>https://tass.com/defense/1895667</ref> * Civilian casualties - 11 000+ killed, 11 000 missing and 28 000 captive (to November 2023)<ref>https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2023-01-17/over-9-000-civilians-killed-in-ukraine-since-russia-invaded-kyiv</ref><ref>https://kyivindependent.com/minister-russian-forces-kill-2-000-civilians-in-2023/</ref><ref>https://www.slovoidilo.ua/2023/10/05/novyna/suspilstvo/nazvana-kilkist-znyklyx-bezvisty-ukrayinskyx-vijskovyx</ref><ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/25207</ref> * territory of Poland - 2 civilians killed<ref>https://www.gov.pl/web/diplomacy/statement-on-summoning-the-ambassador-of-the-russian-federation-to-polish-mfa</ref> }} {{Campaignbox Post-Soviet conflicts}} {{Use mdy dates|date=Januray 2025}} On 24 February 2022, [[Russia]] invaded [[Ukraine]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kottasová|first=Matthew Chance,Nathan Hodge,Tim Lister,Laura Smith-Spark,Ivana|date=2022-02-24|title=Peace in Europe ‘shattered’ as Russia invades Ukraine|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/24/europe/ukraine-russia-invasion-thursday-intl/index.html|access-date=2025-04-23|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-24|title=Russia invades Ukraine on multiple fronts in 'brutal act of war'|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/russia-invades-ukraine-on-multiple-fronts-in-brutal-act-of-war|access-date=2025-04-23|website=PBS News|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-24|title=Russia invades Ukraine on multiple fronts in 'brutal act of war'|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/russia-invades-ukraine-on-multiple-fronts-in-brutal-act-of-war|access-date=2025-04-23|website=PBS News|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-02-24|title=Ukraine conflict: What we know about the invasion|language=en-GB|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60504334|access-date=2025-04-23}}</ref> The [[invasion]] causes thousands of deaths every month (as of 2025). It is part of the [[Russo-Ukrainian War]] that started in 2014. The 2022 invasion started after the [[2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis]]. Russia supported the [[Donetsk People's Republic]] and the [[Luhansk People's Republic]] in the months before the invasion. More Russian soldiers came to the [[Donbas]] region of eastern Ukraine on 21 February 2022. The invasion was [[:wikt:condemn|condemned]] by many countries. In Russia, many opposition groups formed [[anti-war movement|anti-war]] protests. Thousands of the protesters were arrested by the Russian government.<ref>{{cite web|author-last=Morin |author-first=Rebecca |date=24 February 2022 |title=World leaders condemn Russian invasion of Ukraine; EU promises 'harshest' sanctions – live updates |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2022/02/24/russia-ukraine-invasion/6920609001/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224110055/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2022/02/24/russia-ukraine-invasion/6920609001/ |archive-date=24 February 2022 |access-date=24 February 2022 |website=[[USA Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2022 |title=More than 1,700 people detained in widespread Russian protests against Ukraine invasion |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/russia-protest-arrests-1.6362938 |last= |first=|access-date=24 February 2022 |work=CBC News|archive-date=24 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224193201/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/russia-protest-arrests-1.6362938|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Knutson|first=Jacob|date=2022-02-24|title=Over 1700 Russians arrested during anti-war protests, human rights organization says|url=https://www.axios.com/2022/02/24/photos-people-protest-russia-war-against-ukraine|access-date=2025-04-23|website=Axios|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=How many people have been arrested in Russia for protesting the Ukraine invasion?|language=en-GB|work=The Independent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-anti-war-protesters-ukraine-b2031517.html|access-date=2025-04-23}}</ref> Millions of refugees fled to western Ukraine or to Poland and other foreign countries.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pallokat|first=Jan|title=Polen bereitet sich auf Ukraine-Flüchtlinge vor|url=https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/europa/polen-ukraine-fluechtlinge-101.html|access-date=2025-04-24|website=tagesschau.de|language=de}}</ref> Many foreign countries denounced the invasion. On 2 March 2022, United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/1 demanded that Russia take its troops out of Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UN General Assembly demands Russian Federation withdraw all military forces from the territory of Ukraine {{!}} EEAS|url=https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/un-general-assembly-demands-russian-federation-withdraw-all-military-forces-territory-ukraine_und_en|access-date=2025-04-24|website=www.eeas.europa.eu|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Lederer|first=Edith M.|last2=Press|first2=JENNIFER PELTZ Associated|date=2022-03-02|title=U.N. General Assembly votes to demand that Russia stop war in Ukraine|url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2022-03-02/u-n-general-assembly-votes-to-demand-that-russia-stop-war-in-ukraine|access-date=2025-04-24|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Granitz|first=Peter|date=2022-03-02|title=The U.N. approves a resolution demanding that Russia end the invasion of Ukraine|language=en|work=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/2022/03/02/1083872077/u-n-set-to-hold-vote-that-would-demand-russia-end-war-in-ukraine|access-date=2025-04-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=General Assembly Overwhelmingly Adopts Resolution Demanding Russian Federation Immediately End Illegal Use of Force in Ukraine, Withdraw All Troops {{!}} Meetings Coverage and Press Releases|url=https://press.un.org/en/2022/ga12407.doc.htm|access-date=2025-04-24|website=press.un.org}}</ref> The war is ongoing, as of 2025.<!--The war still causes many issues for countries taking place in the war.--><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Walker|first=Nigel|date=2025-04-23|title=Conflict in Ukraine: A timeline (current conflict, 2022 – present)|url=https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-9847/|journal=Commons Library|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Two Years in, Russia's War on Ukraine Continues to Pose Threat to Global Security|url=https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/article/3686148/two-years-in-russias-war-on-ukraine-continues-to-pose-threat-to-global-security/|access-date=2025-04-23|website=U.S. Department of Defense|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hakimi|first=Monica|title=Russia, Ukraine, and the Future World Order|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A7F4BFEF6CE7296F4C1AA1A4C9C3C105/S0002930022000690a.pdf/russia-ukraine-and-the-future-world-order.pdf|journal=Cambridge|via=cambridge}}</ref> ==Background== In 1994, the security agreement, "The [[:en:Budapest_Memorandum|Budapest Memorandum]] (Officially the Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances) ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Budapest_Memorandum pictured])" was signed.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-10-29|title=10 Facts about the Memorandum of Budapest|url=https://www.discoverwalks.com/blog/hungary/10-facts-about-the-memorandum-of-budapest/|access-date=2025-06-12|website=Discover Walks Blog|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Borda|first=Aldo Zammit|date=2022-03-02|title=Ukraine war: what is the Budapest Memorandum and why has Russia’s invasion torn it up?|url=http://theconversation.com/ukraine-war-what-is-the-budapest-memorandum-and-why-has-russias-invasion-torn-it-up-178184|access-date=2025-06-12|website=The Conversation|language=en-US}}</ref> It was signed by authorities from the [[United States]], the [[United Kingdom]], and the Russian Federation. Those authorities promised to [protect or] [[:wikt:safeguard|safeguard]] Ukraine’s [[sovereignty]] in exchange for [Ukraine giving or] surrendering nuclear weapons" to Russia.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/43393. Retrieved 2024-12-06</ref> ==Announcement of war== <!-- DO NOT USE BARE URLS OR TINY URLS. USE THE FULL CITATION ON THE EDITOR.--> At about 06:00 Moscow time (UTC+3), Russian president [[Vladimir Putin]] announced a military operation in [[Warfare in eastern Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War|eastern Ukraine]]. Minutes later, missile strikes began at locations across the country, including in the capital [[Kyiv]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gumenyuk|first=Nataliya|date=2022-02-24|title=I’m in Kyiv and awake at the darkest hour – as Putin’s bombs rain down|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/feb/24/kyiv-putin-bombs-invasion-airstrikes-ukraine-russia|access-date=2025-04-24|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-24|title=Missiles rain down around Ukraine {{!}} Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/putin-orders-military-operations-ukraine-demands-kyiv-forces-surrender-2022-02-24/|access-date=2025-04-23|website=Reuters}}</ref> The [[:en:State_Border_Guard_Service_of_Ukraine|Ukrainian Border Service]] said that its border posts with Russia and [[Belarus]] were attacked.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-news-02-23-22/h_ec5f24d5accb8f8503aabdc63e3fd22d |title=Russia attacks Ukraine |website=CNN |date=24 February 2022|access-date=24 February 2022|archive-date=24 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224073725/https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-news-02-23-22/h_ec5f24d5accb8f8503aabdc63e3fd22d|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.interfax.ru/world/824058 |title=Украинские пограничники сообщили об атаке границы со стороны России и Белоруссии |website=Interfax |date=24 February 2022|access-date=24 February 2022|archive-date=24 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224073737/https://www.interfax.ru/world/824058|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Invasion== <!-- DO NOT USE BARE URLS OR TINY URLS. USE THE FULL CITATION ON THE EDITOR.--> Minutes after Putin's announcement, explosions were heard in [[Kyiv]], [[Kharkiv]], [[Odesa]] and the [[Donbas]].<ref>{{cite web |date=24 February 2022 |title=Putin announces 'special military operation' in Ukraine |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/putin-announces-special-military-operation-in-ukraine/|access-date=24 February 2022 |website=POLITICO |language=en-US|archive-date=24 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224064603/https://www.politico.eu/article/putin-announces-special-military-operation-in-ukraine/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ukrainian officials said that Russia landed soldiers in Odesa and [[Mariupol]] and launched cruise and ballistic missiles at airfields, military headquarters, and military depots in Kyiv, [[Kharkov|Kharkiv]], and [[Dnipro]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Osborn |first1=Andrew |last2=Zinets |first2=Natalia |title=Russian forces invade Ukraine with strikes on major cities |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/putin-orders-military-operations-ukraine-demands-kyiv-forces-surrender-2022-02-24/ |access-date=23 February 2022 |work=Reuters |date=23 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224033456/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/putin-orders-military-operations-ukraine-demands-kyiv-forces-surrender-2022-02-24/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Keith |first1=Collins |last2=Lazaro |first2=Gamio |last3=Scott |first3=Reinhard |title=Maps: Tracking the Russian Invasion of Ukraine |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/world/europe/ukraine-maps.html |access-date=23 February 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=23 February 2022 |archive-date=22 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222221302/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/world/europe/ukraine-maps.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Soldiers also went into Ukraine [[Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine|through Belarus]].<ref>{{cite magazine |author= |date=25 February 2022 |title=Why Russia's Invasion of Ukraine Led to Sanctions on Belarus |url=https://time.com/6151347/belarus-russia-ukraine/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226214438/https://time.com/6151347/belarus-russia-ukraine/ |archive-date=26 February 2022 |access-date=26 February 2022 |magazine=Time |lang=}}</ref><ref name="atl">{{cite web |author= |date=24 February 2022 |title=Russian Hybrid War Report: Belarus joins conflict against Ukraine |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/russian-hybrid-war-report-belarus-joins-conflict-against-ukraine/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226214810/https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/russian-hybrid-war-report-belarus-joins-conflict-against-ukraine/ |archive-date=26 February 2022 |access-date=26 February 2022 |website=Atlantic Council |language=}}</ref><ref name="fp">{{cite web |date=24 February 2022 |title=Lukashenko Is Letting Putin Use Belarus to Attack Ukraine |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/02/24/russia-ukraine-war-belarus-chernobyl-lukashenko/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226214841/https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/02/24/russia-ukraine-war-belarus-chernobyl-lukashenko/ |archive-date=26 February 2022 |access-date=26 February 2022 |website=Foreign Policy |first=Amanda |last=Coakley |language=}}</ref><ref name="ft">{{cite news |author= |date=25 February 2022 |title=Nato alarmed by Belarus role in Ukraine assault |url=https://www.ft.com/content/875bd999-1feb-4e2d-9455-30653a63a071 |access-date=26 February 2022 |newspaper=Financial Times |language= |last1=Mallet |first1=Victor |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225230050/https://www.ft.com/content/875bd999-1feb-4e2d-9455-30653a63a071 |url-status=live}}</ref> It is the largest attack by one country against another in Europe since [[World War II]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/24/putin-orders-military-operations-in-eastern-ukraine-as-un-meets |title=Russian forces launch full-scale invasion of Ukraine |publisher=Al Jazeera |accessdate=28 February 2022}}</ref> President [[Volodymyr Zelensky]] said that there would be [[martial law]] in Ukraine.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2022/feb/23/ukraine-russia-news-crisis-latest-live-updates-putin-biden-europe-sanctions-russian-invasion-border-troops |title=Russia-Ukraine crisis live news: Putin has launched 'full-scale invasion', says Ukrainian foreign minister – latest updates &#124; World news |work=The Guardian |date=16 July 2018 |accessdate=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224054309/https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2022/feb/23/ukraine-russia-news-crisis-latest-live-updates-putin-biden-europe-sanctions-russian-invasion-border-troops |url-status=live}}</ref> Later he ordered the Ukrainian Army to kill as many Russian invaders as possible.<ref>{{cite web |author= |url=https://www.unian.net/society/zelenskiy-otdal-prikaz-vsu-nanosit-maksimalnye-poteri-okkupantam-novosti-ukrainy-11715478.html |title=Зеленский отдал приказ ВСУ наносить максимальные потери оккупантам |language=ru |website=[[Unian]] |date=|access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224082802/https://www.unian.net/society/zelenskiy-otdal-prikaz-vsu-nanosit-maksimalnye-poteri-okkupantam-novosti-ukrainy-11715478.html |url-status=live}}</ref> ===February 2022=== <!-- DO NOT USE BARE URLS OR TINY URLS. USE THE FULL CITATION ON THE EDITOR.--> Moments after the invasion on 24 February, the Ukrainian government said that Russia [[Battle of Chernobyl|took]] [[Chernobyl]] and [[Pripyat]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=24 February 2022 |title=Chernobyl power plant captured by Russian forces -Ukrainian official |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/chernobyl-power-plant-captured-by-russian-forces-ukrainian-official-2022-02-24/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224174356/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/chernobyl-power-plant-captured-by-russian-forces-ukrainian-official-2022-02-24/|archive-date=24 February 2022|access-date=24 February 2022 |work=Reuters}}</ref> The US government said that the Russians were holding the workers of the [[Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant]] [[hostage]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Restuccia |first=Andrew |date=24 February 2022 |title=White House Calls for Release of Any Hostages at Chernobyl Site |url=https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/russia-ukraine-latest-news/card/L8tX4l44nrIyP8qzqwRP|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224234510/https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/russia-ukraine-latest-news/card/L8tX4l44nrIyP8qzqwRP|archive-date=24 February 2022|access-date=24 February 2022 |work=Wall Street Journal}}</ref> At 22:00 (UTC+2), Russian forces captured [[Snake Island (Black Sea)|Snake Island]] after a [[Battle of Snake Island|naval and air attack of the island]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Острів Зміїний захопили російські окупанти – ДПСУ |language=uk |trans-title=Snake Island was captured by the Russian occupiers – SBGS |url=https://gazeta.ua/articles/donbas/_ostriv-zmiyinij-zahopili-rosijski-okupanti-dpsu/1072429 |access-date=24 February 2022 |publisher=Gazeta UA |date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224202628/https://gazeta.ua/articles/donbas/_ostriv-zmiyinij-zahopili-rosijski-okupanti-dpsu/1072429 |url-status=live}}</ref> The thirteen border guards on the island were thought to have been killed in the bombardment after refusing to surrender to a Russian warship. President Zelenskyy announced that the border guards would be [[posthumous]]ly granted the title of [[Hero of Ukraine]], the country's highest honor.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ukraine-Russia invasion: Ukraine says Russian rockets hit Kyiv overnight |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-60517447 |access-date=25 February 2022 |website=[[BBC News]] |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225085334/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-60517447 |url-status=dead}}</ref> However, it was found out later that the border guards were alive and captured by Russian forces.<ref>{{cite news |author= |date=28 February 2022 |title=Ukrainian navy confirms Snake Island soldiers alive, taken by Russia |work=[[Jerusalem Post]] |url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-698897|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307053800/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-698897|archive-date=7 March 2022 |accessdate=8 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/02/28/europe/snake-island-ukraine-russia-survivors-alive-intl/index.html |title=The defiant soldiers of Snake Island are actually 'alive and well,' says Ukraine's navy |date=28 February 2022 |accessdate=8 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307004916/https://edition.cnn.com/2022/02/28/europe/snake-island-ukraine-russia-survivors-alive-intl/index.html|archive-date=7 March 2022|url-status=live |work=[[CNN]] |first1=Sebastian |last1=Shukla |first2=Lianne |last2=Kolirin}}</ref> On February 24, "the village of [[Hostomel]] near Kyiv became one of the hottest points of the invasion. Russian troops [... tried] to land paratroopers at the Antonov airfield", according to media. Furthermore, about 30 Ukrainian soldiers from "[[:en:State_Border_Guard_Service_of_Ukraine|HUR]] special forces had only Kalashnikov rifles, a few grenade launchers, one [[Combat vehicle|armored personnel carrier]], and grenades. They shot down a Russian helicopter, and [... some helicopters] were downed by [[National Guard]]smen. In total, all special services and armed formations destroyed about 500 [Russian] paratroopers".<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/38604. Retrieved 2024-09-07</ref> On February 25, while Russian soldiers approached Kyiv, Zelenskyy asked residents to create [[Molotov cocktail]]s to "neutralise" the enemy. Putin meanwhile called on the Ukrainian military to [[Military coup|overthrow the government]].<ref>{{cite web |date=25 February 2022 |title=Putin tells Ukrainian military to overthrow Zelensky – follow live |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ukraine-russia-putin-war-kyiv-invasion-latest-b2022971.html |access-date=25 February 2022 |website=[[The Independent]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ukraine-Russia news live: Troops enter Kyiv as Putin makes offer of Minsk peace talks |url=https://news.sky.com/story/ukraine-russia-war-live-latest-news-putin-kyiv-invasion-12541713 |access-date=25 February 2022 |website=[[Sky News]] |language=en}}</ref> Ukraine gave 18,000 [[assault rifles|rifles]] (a kind of gun) to Kyiv residents who wanted to fight.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv residents take up arms as Russia advances |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-60517447?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=62190cb4980bea49f4b79f6f%26In%20pictures%3A%20Kyiv%20residents%20take%20up%20arms%20as%20Russia%20advances%262022-02-25T17%3A11%3A54.597Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:7f199aa7-37f7-4fc3-9fa1-16208268415c&pinned_post_asset_id=62190cb4980bea49f4b79f6f |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=25 February 2022 |language=en-gb |date=25 February 2022}}</ref> Some Russian soldiers did enter northern Kyiv.<ref>{{cite news|author-last=Bengali |author-first=Shashank |author-last2=Bigg |author-first2=Matthew Mpoke |date=25 February 2022 |title=Live Updates: Kyiv Rocked by Explosions for Second Night |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/02/25/world/russia-ukraine-war |access-date=26 February 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> On 26 February, [[Battle of Vasylkiv|heavy fighting]] was reported to the south of Kyiv, near the city of [[Vasylivka]] and [[:en:Vasylkiv_Air_Base|its air base]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-news-02-25-22/index.html |title=Heavy fighting reported to the south of Kyiv |work=[[CNN]] |date=25 February 2022 |access-date=25 February 2022}}</ref> A Ukrainian [[Sukhoi Su-27|fighter jet (Su-27)]] shot down a Russian [[Ilyushin Il-76|transport plane (Ilyushin -76)]] carrying paratroopers near Vasylkiv.<ref>{{cite news |author-last1=Давыгора |author-first1=Олег |title=Месть за Луганск 2014: возле Василькова сбили Ил-76 с вражескими десантниками |trans-title=Revenge for Luhansk 2014: Il-76 with enemy paratroopers was shot down near Vasilkov |url=https://www.unian.net/war/mest-za-lugansk-2014-vozle-vasilkova-sbili-il-76-s-vrazheskimi-desantnikami-novosti-donbassa-11718622.html |access-date=26 February 2022 |work=Unian |date=26 February 2022 |language=ru}}</ref> Hundreds of deaths were reported in Kyiv during this battle.<ref>{{cite web |title=Heavy fighting reported around Kyiv |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-60517447?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=6219818e0ce87e491a0ed0eb%26Battle%20for%20Kyiv%20under%20way%262022-02-26T01%3A32%3A51.226Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:e339c122-dc88-4e8b-a964-67b828e1e1b2&pinned_post_asset_id=6219818e0ce87e491a0ed0eb |website=BBC News |access-date=26 February 2022 |language=en-gb |date=25 February 2022}}</ref> That same day, Russia claimed to have captured [[Melitopol]], near the [[Sea of Azov]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2022 |title=Russia Ukraine news: Melitopol city is taken by the Russian army |url=https://www.marca.com/en/lifestyle/world-news/2022/02/24/6216fca2ca4741a0458b4599.html|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=MARCA |language=en}}</ref> On 27 February, President Putin ordered Russia's [[nuclear weapons|nuclear]] deterrent forces to be on "special alert" because of "aggressive statements" by NATO.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Putin puts Russia's strategic nuclear force on 'special alert' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-60542877?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=621b8157ec502b53cd47ff90%26Putin%20puts%20Russia%27s%20strategic%20nuclear%20force%20on%20%27special%20alert%27%262022-02-27T13%3A51%3A04.554Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:6edf34e2-6258-47ae-88a7-13fcf8922a0d&pinned_post_asset_id=621b8157ec502b53cd47ff90&pinned_post_type=share|access-date=27 February 2022 |date=27 February 2022 |website=BBC News |language=en-US}}</ref> That same day, President Zelenskyy announced that Ukrainian and Russian officials had agreed to meet, without conditions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukraine's foreign minister: Ukraine-Russia talks with no preconditions 'already a victory' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2022/feb/27/russia-ukraine-latest-news-missile-strikes-on-oil-facilities-reported-as-some-russian-banks-cut-off-from-swift-system-live?filterKeyEvents=false&page=with:block-621b8cf48f0873d0384b22bb#block-621b8cf48f0873d0384b22bb|access-date=27 February 2022 |date=27 February 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en-US}}</ref> That same day, a Russian [[Battle of Okhtyrka|airstrike]] killed over 70 Ukrainian soldiers at a military base in [[Okhtyrka]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 2022 |title=More than 70 Ukrainian soldiers killed in Russian attack on base near Kharkiv |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/01/fears-of-bloody-fight-for-kyiv-as-huge-russian-army-convoy-gathers-on-outskirts |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Russian soldiers have been accused of killing civilians and the using of [[cluster bombs]] on civilians - which may be seen as [[war crime]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Russia used powerful vacuum bomb on Ukraine, envoy says |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/russia-vacuum-bomb-ukraine-invasion/ |author1=Camille Gijs |author2=Douglas Busvine |publisher=[[Politico]] |date=1 March 2022 |access-date=2 March 2022}}</ref> ===March 2022 === On 1 March, Ukrainian sources said [[Belarus]] joined the invasion, sending its soldiers to the [[Chernihiv]] region in Ukraine's north. Belarus said this had not happened.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Belarus joins Russia's war on Ukraine |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/belarus-russia-war-ukraine/|access-date=1 March 2022 |date=1 March 2022 |website=Politico |language=en-US}}</ref> On the same day, there was at least one rocket attack on Kyiv; With [[AFP]] as a source, media wrote that "Russian strike stirs symbolism at [[Babi Yar|Kyiv Holocaust site]]".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Limited |first=Bangkok Post Public Company |title=Russian strike stirs symbolism at Kyiv Holocaust site |language=en |work=Bangkok Post |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/2272783/russian-strike-stirs-symbolism-at-kyiv-holocaust-site|access-date=8 September 2023}}</ref> The next day, Russia [[Battle of Kherson|claimed to have captured]] its first large city, the [[Black Sea]] port of [[Kherson]], as fighting intensifies across many parts of Ukraine, including civilian areas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Russia aims to erase Ukraine, says Zelenskiy, as bombardment intensifies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/02/ukraine-cities-bombardment-russia-attack-kyiv-kharkiv-russian-war-invasion|access-date=2 March 2022 |date=2 March 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en-US}}</ref> That same day, the [[International Criminal Court]] began an investigation into possible [[war crimes]] committed in Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=War crimes court prosecutor opens Ukraine investigation |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/war-crimes-court-prosecutor-opens-ukraine-investigation-statement-2022-03-02/|access-date=3 March 2022 |date=3 March 2022 |website=Reuters |language=en-US}}</ref> On 3 March, Ukraine passed a law that states captured Russian military equipment and [[tank]]s does not need to be declared and tax will not be applied on them.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Декларувати захоплені російські танки та іншу техніку не треба - НАЗК |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-ato/3416691-deklaruvati-zahopleni-rosijski-tanki-ta-insu-tehniku-ne-treba-nazk.html|access-date=4 March 2022 |website=www.ukrinform.ua |date=March 2022 |language=uk}}</ref> The next day, Russian forces attacked and bombed the [[Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant|Zaporizhzhia]] [[nuclear power plant]]. The main reactor was not hit and [[Nuclear fallout|fallout]] did not occur.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 March 2022 |title=Ukrainians put out fire at nuclear complex after Russian attack - officials |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/europe/top-wrap-1-europes-largest-nuclear-power-plant-fire-after-russian-attack-mayor-2022-03-04/|access-date=4 March 2022}}</ref> That same day, foreign news outlets including the [[BBC]], [[CNN]], and many others stopped their reporting in Russia, after new legislation threatened 15-year jail terms for spreading "[[fake news]]".<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC, CNN and other global news outlets suspend reporting in Russia |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2022/mar/04/bbc-temporarily-suspending-work-all-news-journalists-russia|access-date=5 March 2022 |date=5 March 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en-US}}</ref> On 5 March, Russia announced a temporary [[ceasefire]] to allow civilians to leave the cities of [[Mariupol]] and [[Volnovakha]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mariupol to evacuate citizens after Russia declares temporary ceasefire |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/05/zelenskiy-lashes-out-at-nato-over-no-fly-zone-as-russian-attacks-intensify|access-date=5 March 2022 |date=5 March 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Russia announces temporary ceasefire in two besieged cities |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-60532634|access-date=5 March 2022 |date=5 March 2022 |website=BBC News |language=en-US}}</ref> The next day, [[Havryshivka Vinnytsia International Airport|Vinnytsia International Airport]] was destroyed by Russian missiles, as President Zelenskyy called for a [[no-fly zone]] to stop future attacks in Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Close The Skies": Ukraine As 8 Russian Rockets Destroy Airport |url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/ukraine-war-ukraine-says-airport-destroyed-in-russian-airstrike-2806899|access-date=6 March 2022 |date=6 March 2022 |website=NDTV |language=en-US}}</ref> On 7 March, Ukraine rejected a proposal by Moscow to open [[refugee]] passages after Russia said refugees would only be allowed to reach Belarus or Russia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Russian bombardment of six cities preventing civilian escape, says Ukraine |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/07/russia-humanitarian-corridors-ukraine-war-mariupol-kyiv|access-date=7 March 2022 |date=7 March 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en-US}}</ref> Putin had denied on 7 February, that Russian [[conscript]]s were used in the invasion, because Russian law does not allow the use of conscripts in battle outside Russia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=DN |date=24 February 2022 |title=Invasjonen av Ukraina |url=https://direkte.dn.no/invasjonen-av-ukraina/|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=www.dn.no |language=nb-NO}}</ref> Russian media later said that conscripts were used. On 13 March 30 Russian missiles hit the [[Yavoriv military base]], close to the border with [[Poland]], killing 35 and injuring 134 others.<ref>{{cite web |title=Russia widens assault to hit military base near Poland |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-60717902 |website=BBC News |date=13 March 2022|access-date=13 March 2022}}</ref> On 24 March, [[NATO]] announced that four new battlegroups totalling 40,000 soldiers will be sent to [[Bulgaria]], [[Hungary]], [[Romania]] and [[Slovakia]], along with enhanced readiness for potential chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear threats.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nato to send 40,000 more troops to Eastern Europe |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-60856533 |website=BBC News |date=24 March 2022 |access-date=24 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nato leaders agree to strengthen eastern defences |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2022/mar/24/russia-ukraine-war-latest-news-zelenskiy-expects-meaningful-steps-at-nato-eu-and-g7-summits-live?page=with:block-623c771a8f0867da37217e9a#block-623c771a8f0867da37217e9a |website=The Guardian |date=24 March 2022 |access-date=24 March 2022}}</ref> On 29 March, Russia's deputy defense minister said that Moscow decided to "cut back" military activity near [[Kyiv]] and [[Chernihiv]] to increase mutual trust for future negotiations to agree and sign a peace deal with Ukraine".<ref>{{cite web |title=Russia says it will 'drastically reduce' attacks around Kyiv |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-60890199 |website=BBC News |date=29 March 2022 |access-date=29 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Russia says it will 'drastically reduce military activity around Kyiv and Chernihiv' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2022/mar/29/russia-ukraine-war-latest-news-live-updates-putin-moscow-kremlin-zelenskiy-kyiv-russian-invasion?page=with:block-6242f5d78f08eff3d4ebea24#block-6242f5d78f08eff3d4ebea24 |website=The Guardian |date=29 March 2022 |access-date=29 March 2022}}</ref> ===April 2022=== On 2 April, Russia said that the country would not work with [[Western world|Western countries]] on the [[International Space Station]] until the "full and unconditional removal of illegal sanctions".<ref>{{cite web |title=Russia to halt cooperation over International Space Station |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/apr/02/russia-to-end-cooperation-over-international-space-station |website=The Guardian |date=2 April 2022 |access-date=3 April 2022}}</ref> The next day, Ukraine accused Russia and Putin of [[war crimes]] because of civilian killings such as the [[Bucha massacre]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Russia-Ukraine war latest: Russian actions 'look exactly like war crimes', says Ukraine; explosions seen in Odesa – live |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2022/apr/03/russia-ukraine-war-latest-russian-retreat-from-kyiv-reveals-atrocities-against-civilians-say-ukrainians-live |website=The Guardian |date=3 April 2022 |access-date=3 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Killings in Bucha are deliberate massacre - Ukraine |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-60949706 |website=BBC News |date=3 April 2022 |access-date=3 April 2022}}</ref> U.S. President [[Joe Biden]] called for Putin to be tried for war crimes.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 April 2022 |title=Biden calls for war crimes trial after Bucha images surface |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/04/04/politics/joe-biden-bucha-russia-war-crimes/index.html |website=CNN.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=4 April 2022 |title=Biden Floats Putin War-Crimes Trial, More Sanctions on Russia |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-04-04/biden-urges-more-sanctions-on-russia-calls-for-war-crimes-trial |website=bloomberg.com |language=en}}</ref> On 7 April, Russia was suspended from the United Nations Council on Human Rights. This followed a vote which was backed by 97 nations.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/04/07/politics/un-russia-human-rights/index.html |title=UN suspends Russia from Human Rights Council |website=[[CNN]] |date=7 April 2022}}</ref> On 8 April, Russia attacked the [[Kramatorsk railway bombing|Kramatorsk train station]] with missiles, which killed many civilians trying to evacuate, including children.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dozens dead after railway station hit by rockets - Ukraine |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-61032786 |website=BBC News |date=8 April 2022 |access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=World leaders condemn Kramatorsk railway strike |url=https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-putin-news-04-08-22/h_ee8bb09a249eb71e3e784ae880646e4e |website=CNN |date=8 April 2022 |access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref> On 13 April, the Russian [[Russian cruiser Moskva|flagship cruiser ''Moskva'']], the largest naval vessel to be sunk since the end of [[World War II]], sank after an explosion off of the Ukrainian coast.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 April 2022 |title=Russian warship: Moskva sinks in Black Sea |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61114843|access-date=8 September 2023}}</ref> On 19 April, Russian Foreign Minister [[Sergey Lavrov]] announced that Russia's military operation had entered a new phase, focused on the entire front line of [[Eastern Ukraine]] with the city of [[Kreminna]] reportedly the first to be captured.<ref>{{cite web |title=Russian forces attacking entire eastern front line, Ukraine says |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-61136997 |website=BBC News |date=19 April 2022 |access-date=19 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Russia-Ukraine war: Russian troops capture eastern city as battle for Donbas region begins – live |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2022/apr/19/russia-ukraine-war-zelenskiy-says-battle-for-donbas-has-begun-dialogue-between-macron-and-putin-stalls-live |website=The Guardian |date=19 April 2022 |access-date=19 April 2022}}</ref> ===May 2022=== On 14 May, Russian forces [[withdrawal|withdrew]] (or did leave) from Ukraine's second-largest city [[Kharkiv]], in the north-east of the country.<ref>{{cite web |title=Russian forces are withdrawing from Kharkiv, Ukraine says |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/may/14/ukraine-says-russian-forces-withdrawing-kharkiv |website=The Guardian |date=14 May 2022 |access-date=14 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Russian forces withdraw far from Kharkiv – mayor |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-61441664 |website=BBC News |date=14 May 2022 |access-date=14 May 2022}}</ref> The [[Battle of Kharkiv (2022)|Battle of Kharkiv]] ended on 14 May 2022. Ukrainian soldiers won it. On 16 May, the [[Siege of Mariupol]] ended in a Russian victory<!--as Ukrainian soldiers are evacuated from [[Mariupol]]-->.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 May 2022 |title=Hundreds of Ukrainian troops evacuated from Mariupol steelworks after 82-day assault |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/may/16/hundreds-of-ukrainian-troops-evacuated-from-azovstal-steelworks-after-82-day-assault |access-date=17 May 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Минобороны показало кадры сдачи в плен украинских военных с «Азовстали» |url=https://www.rbc.ru/politics/17/05/2022/628387f09a79477b17a88c5c |access-date=17 May 2022 |website=РБК |date=17 May 2022 |language=ru}}</ref> ===June 2022=== The [[Battle of Sievierodonetsk (2022)|Battle of Sievierodonetsk]] is going on, as of June's first week. On 27 June, the [[Russian Armed Forces]] [[2022 Kremenchuk missile strike|fired missiles at a mall]] in [[Kremenchuk]], Ukraine, which killed sixteen people and injured over 50 others.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2022 |title=Российская ракета попала в торговый центр в Кременчуге. Погибли 20 человек, десятки раненых |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-61957087|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=BBC News Русская служба |language=ru}}</ref> ===July 2022=== On 3 July, Russia and the [[Luhansk People's Republic]] took control of the entire [[Luhansk Oblast]] after seizing [[Lysychansk]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hallam |first=Ivana Kottasová,Yulia Kesaieva,Hannah Ritchie,Mariya Knight,Radina Gigova,Jonny |date=3 July 2022 |title=Ukrainian forces withdraw from Lysychansk, their last holdout in key region |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/07/03/europe/russia-ukraine-luhansk-lysychansk-intl/index.html|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> On 14 July, a [[July 2022 Vinnytsia missile strike|Russian missile attacked]] [[Vinnytsia]] in central Ukraine, which killed at least 22 people, including 3 children, and injured at least 100 others.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/ukraine-russian-missile-strike-kills-12-south-kyiv-86798068 |title=Russian missiles kill at least 23 in Ukraine, wound over 100 |website=[[ABC News]] |accessdate=26 February 2024}}</ref> ===August 2022=== According to the Kyiv School of Economics, the conflict has caused $113.5 billion <ref>{{Cite news |last=Staff |first=N. P. R. |date=29 August 2022 |title=Russia-Ukraine war: A weekly recap and look ahead (Aug. 29) |language=en |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/08/29/1118820771/russia-ukraine-war-a-weekly-recap-and-look-ahead-aug-29|access-date=8 December 2022}}</ref> in damages and destruction in Ukraine. Transportation infrastructure and housing is the main reason for these damages. ===September 2022=== [[File:Map of Ukraine, including disputed regions.svg|thumb|Areas annexed, but not fully controlled by Russia in striped yellow-red.]] On 30 September 2022, Vladimir Putin announced [[Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts|the annexation of Ukraine's Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia regions]] in an address to both houses of the [[Federal Assembly (Russia)|Russian parliament]]. Ukraine, the United States, the European Union and the United Nations all condemned the annexation.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Trevelyan |first=Mark |date=30 September 2022 |title=Putin declares annexation of Ukrainian lands in Kremlin ceremony |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/putin-declare-annexation-ukrainian-lands-major-escalation-war-2022-09-29/ |access-date=30 September 2022}}</ref> ===October 2022=== On 8 October, the [[Crimean Bridge]] partially collapsed due to an [[2022 Crimean Bridge explosion|explosion]].<ref name="nyttruck">{{cite news |last1=Kramer |first1=Andrew E. |last2=Schwirtz |first2=Michael |date=11 October 2022 |orig-date=8 October 2022 |title=Explosion on 12-Mile Crimea Bridge Kills 3 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/10/08/world/russia-ukraine-war-news |url-status=live |access-date=8 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008061227/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/10/08/world/russia-ukraine-war-news |archive-date=8 October 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |oclc=1645522 |eissn=1553-8095}}</ref> Russia accused Ukraine of being behind the blast and launched [[October 2022 missile strikes on Ukraine|retaliatory missile strikes]] against Ukrainian civilian areas.<ref name="bbc20221009">{{Cite news |last=Adams |first=Paul |date=9 October 2022 |title=Crimean bridge: Who – or what – caused the explosion? |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63192757 |url-status=live |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010055331/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63192757 |archive-date=10 October 2022}}</ref> ===November 2022=== On 9 November, Russian troops began to withdraw from [[Kherson]], the only regional capital they captured since the start of the invasion.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Mark |last1=Trevelyan |first2=Mark |last2=Trevelyan|access-date=9 November 2022 |title=Russia abandons Ukrainian city of Kherson in major retreat |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-orders-pullout-west-bank-dnipro-kherson-2022-11-09/ |newspaper=Reuters |date=9 November 2022 |via=www.reuters.com}}</ref> The city was recaptured by Ukrainian forces, two days later, on 11 November.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Kramer |first1=Andrew E. |last2=Santora |first2=Marc |date=11 November 2022 |title=Russia-Ukraine War: Zelensky Hails 'Historic Day' as Ukrainian Troops Enter Kherson |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/11/11/world/ukraine-war-news-russia-updates|access-date=14 November 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ===December 2022=== In early December, heavy fighting was still going on near [[Bakhmut Raion|Bakhmut]] and south of Bakhmut ([[Battle of Bakhmut]]).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.yahoo.com/bakhmut-reputation-most-bloody-cruel-163300809.html |work=Yahoo News |title=Bakhmut 'has reputation as most bloody, cruel and brutal part of front' |date=3 December 2022|access-date=4 December 2022}}</ref> ===January 2023=== [[File:Challenger_2_Main_Battle_Tank_patrolling_outside_Basra,_Iraq_MOD_45148325.jpg|thumb|[[Challenger 2]] (picture taken in Iraq)]] [[File:Tank_Leopard_2A7_NATO_Days_2022.jpg|thumb|[[Leopard 2]]]] The [[Government of the United Kingdom|British government]] said on 14 January 2023 that Ukraine would get 14 [[Challenger 2]] [[tank]]s. These tanks are the first Western battle tanks (or western, [[main battle tank]]s) given to Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UK Is Considering Sending Battle Tanks to Ukraine, Officials Say |first1=Alex |last1=Wickham |first2=Daryna |last2=Krasnolutska |date=9 January 2023|access-date= 9 January 2023 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-09/uk-considering-sending-battle-tanks-to-ukraine-officials-say |website=bloomberg.com |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Sabbagh |first1=Dan |title=UK considers supplying handful of Challenger 2 tanks to Ukraine |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/09/uk-considers-supplying-handful-of-challenger-2-tanks-to-ukraine-war-russia |work=The Guardian |access-date=9 January 2023 |date=9 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Beale |first1=Jonathan |last2=Andersson |first2=Jasmine |title=UK to send Challenger 2 tanks to Ukraine, Rishi Sunak confirms |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-64274755 |access-date=15 January 2023 |agency=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=15 January 2023}}</ref> On 25 January 2023, the [[German government]] said that Germany will send [[Leopard 2]] tanks to Ukraine; The government will also allow other countries to do the same.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aftenposten.no/verden/i/eEv3AK/direktestudio-krigen-i-ukraina?pinnedEntry=68763 |title=Direktestudio: Krigen i Ukraina |date=23 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kolberg |first=Marit |date=24 January 2023 |title=Ukraina må foreløpig vente på tyske stridsvogner |url=https://www.nrk.no/urix/ukraina-ma-forelopig-vente-pa-tyske-stridsvogner-1.16268721|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=NRK |language=nb-NO}}</ref> German authorities can say if countries have [https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/permission permission] to send those tanks.<ref>{{Cite web |title=EUs utenrikssjef: Tyskland blokkerer ikke eksport av stridsvogner – VG Nå: Nyhetsdøgnet |url=https://direkte.vg.no/nyhetsdognet/news/eus-utenrikssjef-tyskland-blokkerer-ikke-eksport-av-leopard-2-stridsvogner.VtkuNjEqO|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=VG Nå |language=no}}</ref> Later that day, the [[United States government]] said that 31 [[M1 Abrams|Abrams]] tanks will be sent to Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=USA bekrefter: Sender 31 Abrams-stridsvogner til Ukraina – VG Nå: Nyhetsdøgnet |url=https://direkte.vg.no/nyhetsdognet/news/usa-bekrefter-sender-31-abrams-stridsvogner.b0LY9Ci4Q|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=VG Nå |language=no}}</ref> ===February 2023=== In February, [[Mateusz Morawiecki|Poland's prime minister]] said that Poland can give some [[F-16]] [[fighter aircraft]] to Ukraine. That can happen if all the [[NATO]] member countries agree to that.<ref>{{Cite web |last=NTB |date=1 February 2023 |title=Polen positiv til å sende jagerfly til Ukraina |url=https://www.nettavisen.no/12-95-3424352181|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Nettavisen |language=no}}</ref> Later in February [[the Wall Street Journal]] reported that China was handing over technology that the Russian military needs for the war in Ukraine. Other reports said that "Chinese state-owned defense companies" are "shipping [[navigation]] equipment, [[:en:Radar_jamming_and_deception|jamming]] technology and [[Fighter aircraft|fighter]]-[[jet aircraft|jet]] parts" to Russia.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Talley |first1=Ian |last2=DeBarros |first2=Anthony |date=4 February 2023 |title=WSJ News Exclusive {{!}} China Aids Russia's War in Ukraine, Trade Data Shows|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-aids-russias-war-in-ukraine-trade-data-shows-11675466360|access-date=8 September 2023|issn=0099-9660}}</ref> Later in February, authorities said that 8 [[Leopard 2]] tanks would be going out of Norway (to Ukraine), "as soon as practically possible".<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2023 |title=Slik skal Ukraina få nytte av norske stridsvogner |url=https://www.vg.no/i/kEm1yQ|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=www.vg.no |language=nb}}</ref> [[Finland]] will send 3 of that kind of tanks.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2022 |title=Direktestudio: Krigen i Ukraina |url=https://www.aftenposten.no/verden/i/eEv3AK/direktestudio-krigen-i-ukraina|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=www.aftenposten.no |language=nb}}</ref> Poland delivered their first Leopard 2 battle tank, later in February.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Poland delivers first Leopard tanks to Ukraine – DW – 02/24/2023 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/poland-delivers-first-leopard-tanks-to-ukraine/a-64809432|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=dw.com |language=en}}</ref> ===March 2023=== 8 battle tanks ([[Leopard 2]]) arrived from Norway.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Norske stridsvogner på plass i Ukraina – VG Nå: Nyhetsdøgnet |url=https://direkte.vg.no/nyhetsdognet/news/norske-stridsvogner-paa-plass-i-ukraina.krN7xjm8l|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=VG Nå |language=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-03-25|title=NATO chief welcomes Norway's 'significant' miltary aid to Ukraine|url=https://www.euronews.com/2023/03/25/nato-chief-jens-stoltenberg-welcomes-norways-significant-miltary-aid-to-ukraine|access-date=2025-05-01|website=euronews|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=AFP|first=Staff Writer With|date=2023-03-21|title=Norway Army Says Delivered Eight Tanks to Ukraine|url=https://thedefensepost.com/2023/03/21/norway-delivered-tanks-ukraine/|access-date=2025-05-01|website=The Defense Post|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=office_zzam|date=2023-03-21|title=Norway already delivered to Ukraine 8 Leopard 2A4 tanks|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/news/army-news/army-news-2023/norway-has-already-delivered-to-ukraine-8-leopard-2a4-tanks|access-date=2025-05-01|website=www.armyrecognition.com|language=en-gb}}</ref> ===April 2023=== The [[:en:2022–2023_Pentagon_document_leaks|2023 Pentagon document leaks]] became known in April.<ref name="auto2">{{cite web |last1=Buggeland |first1=Sven Arne |title=Mistenkt for Pentagon-lekkasjer arrestert - kan ha fotografert dokumenter på kjøkkenbenken |date=13 April 2023 |url=https://www.vg.no/nyheter/utenriks/i/2Byly4/mannen-bak-pentagon-lekkasjer-kan-vaere-identifisert |accessdate=13 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-04-11|title=What the leaked Pentagon documents reveal - 8 key takeaways|language=en-GB|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-65238951|access-date=2025-05-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Atwood|first=Zachary Cohen,Natasha Bertrand,Kylie|date=2023-04-10|title=What we know about the major Pentagon intelligence leak {{!}} CNN Politics|url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/10/politics/classified-documents-leak-explainer/index.html|access-date=2025-05-06|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref> One part of the leak - a [[slide]] - says that more Russians than Ukrainians have died in the war.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-10|title=Leaked documents a 'very serious' risk to security: Pentagon|url=https://apnews.com/article/leaked-documents-classified-russia-ukraine-e351c6613e69bf8d714b03e367543da8|access-date=2025-05-06|website=AP News|language=en}}</ref> The size of the leak is c. 60<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 April 2023 |title=Mistenkt for Pentagon-lekkasjer arrestert - kan ha fotografert dokumenter på kjøkkenbenken |url=https://www.vg.no/i/2Byly4|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=www.vg.no |language=nb}}</ref> documents, or more than 100. Authorities from Ukraine, Russia and other countries have made comments about the leak.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Reimann|first=Nicholas|title=Zelensky Blasts U.S. Over Handling Of Ukraine Document Leaks—And Reportedly Claims He Learned About Breach From News|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2023/05/02/zelensky-blasts-us-over-handling-of-ukraine-document-leaks-and-reportedly-claims-he-learned-about-breach-from-news/|access-date=2025-05-06|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Nagourney|first=Eric|date=2023-04-27|title=A Quick Guide to What the Leaked U.S. Intelligence Documents Say|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/article/leaked-documents-ukraine-russia-war.html|access-date=2025-05-06|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ===May 2023=== Ukraine has "nine new brigades that [... as of May, are] being kept away from the front line. They will be joined by eight brigades of a recently-formed ‘Offensive Guard’ – highly-motivated volunteers chosen for [an upcoming] assault [against Russian soldiers]. Some 35,000 [...] were trained from two to four months", according to media.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Morenets |first=Svitlana |date=24 May 2023 |title=Has Ukraine's counter-offensive been overhyped? |url=https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/has-ukraines-counteroffensive-been-overhyped/|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=The Spectator |language=en-US}}</ref> ===June 2023=== [[File:Kakhovka_HES.jpg|thumb|The Kakhovka dam (2006)]] The [[Kakhovka dam]] was [[damage]]d. Thousands of civilians were [[evacuation|evacuated]] from areas that were either going to be [[flooding|flooded]], or from areas that already were flooded. The lake behind the dam was drained out after a few days. The incident is sometimes called the [[2023 Kakhovka Dam failure|Kakhovka dam failure]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=bbarclay|date=2022-04-08|title=Weaponising water — Ukraine's dams are targets in Putin's war|url=https://www.internationalrivers.org/news/weaponising-water-ukraines-dams-are-targets-in-putins-war/|access-date=2025-05-02|website=International Rivers|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Schmitt|first=Eric|date=2023-06-09|title=U.S. Official Says Spy Satellites Detected Explosion Just Before Dam Collapse|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/09/world/europe/ukraine-dam-collapse-explosion.html|access-date=2025-05-02|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Shamina|first=Tetyana|date=2023-06-07|title=The consequences of the Russian terrorist attack on the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Plant (HPP) for wildlife|url=https://uncg.org.ua/en/the-consequences-of-the-russian-terrorist-attack-on-the-kakhovka-hydroelectric-power-station-hps-for-wildlife/|access-date=2025-05-02|website=Ukrainian Nature Conservation Group|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Brown|first=Steve|title=Damn Dams – For Ukrainians, Devastation Caused by Destruction of Dams Should Be No Surprise|url=https://www.kyivpost.com/post/17942|access-date=2025-05-02|website=www.kyivpost.com}}</ref> Around the frontline settlement [[Novodonetske]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Novodonetske,_Volnovakha_Raion map]) in Donetsk oblast, Ukrainian [[Marine (military)|marine]]s were pushing back the [[Vostok Battalion (Donbas)|Vostok Battalion]], according to media (on 6 June).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Axe |first1=David |title=At The Bleeding Edge Of Ukraine's Counteroffensive, The Ukrainian Marine Corps Switches Up Its Tactics |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2023/06/06/at-the-bleeding-edge-of-ukraines-counteroffensive-the-ukrainian-marine-corps-has-worked-out-new-infantry-tactics/?sh=e6261a316ef9 |website=[[Forbes]] |access-date=10 June 2023}}</ref> [[Sergey Goryachev|A Russian general]] was killed in Zaporizhzhia oblast<!--, on June 12-->. He was the chief of staff of [[35th Combined Arms Army|a Russian field Army]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Allison Quinn |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/russians-mourn-best-general-ukraine-115904638.html |title=Russians Mourn 'Best' General as Ukraine Counteroffensive Gains Ground |date=13 June 2023 |work=Yahoo! News}}</ref> (Related page: [[field army]]) Thousands<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ukraina-ekspert |first=Jørn Sund-Henriksen |date=25 June 2023 |title=Putin er svekket og det er bra for Ukraina |url=https://www.nettavisen.no/5-95-1183871|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Nettavisen |language=no}}</ref> of soldiers from the Russian [[private military company]] [[PMC Wagner]], went across the Ukrainian-Russian border, and took control of two Russian cities. (Related page: [[Wagner Group rebellion]]) On 27 June, the office of [[Belarus]]' leader published a video clip in which the Belarus' leader said that soldiers from [[PMC Wagner]], can come and stay in military camps in Belarus.<ref name=BaseOffer/> Authorities in [[Latvia]] and [[Lithuania]] asked NATO to add security before a "Wagner base" maybe will be created in Belarus.<ref name="BaseOffer">{{Cite web |last=NTB |first=Av |date=27 June 2023 |title=Lukasjenko tilbyr Wagner-soldater nedlagt militærleir |url=https://www.nettavisen.no/5-95-1189236|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Nettavisen |language=no}}</ref> (Related page: [[military base]]) ====Start of 2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive==== The [[2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive]] started no later than 8 June. It is a series of offensives (against Russian soldiers) on [[front]]s in [[Donetsk Oblast]], [[Zaporizhzhia oblast]] and [ [[Lukhansk Oblast|Lukhansk oblast]] and] other places.<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 June 2023 |title=Ukrainian military begins counteroffensive to oust Russian occupiers |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/06/08/ukraine-counteroffensive-russia-war-zaporizhzhia/ |access-date=9 June 2023 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2023 |title=Ukraine begins counteroffensive against Russia, officials say |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/live-updates/russia-ukraine-war/?id=99926452 |access-date=9 June 2023 |website=abc}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2023 |title=Ukraine launches counteroffensive against Russia |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/ukraine-launches-counteroffensive-russia-zaporizhzhia-rcna88332 |access-date=9 June 2023 |website=nbc}}</ref> As of 8 June, much of the fighting (of the counteroffensive) is near the cities [[Orikhiv]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Orikhiv map]),<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2023 |title=Ukraine army attacks Russian forces in southern Zaporizhzhia region |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-65851760 |access-date=9 June 2023 |website=BBC}}</ref> [[Tokmak, Ukraine|Tokmak]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2023 |title=Intense fighting reported as Ukrainian forces go on attack south of Zaporizhzhia |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jun/08/tense-fighting-reported-as-ukrainian-forces-go-on-attack-south-of-zaporizhzhia |access-date=9 June 2023 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> (in [[Tokmak urban hromada|Tokmak ("municipality")]]), and [[Bakhmut]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bakhmut map]) and other settlements.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2023 |title=Ukraine counteroffensive: Kyiv claims gains in Bakhmut |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/ukraine-claims-gains-bakhmut-amid-reports-counteroffensive-russia-hanna-maliar/ |access-date=9 June 2023 |website=Politico}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2023 |title=Ukraine counteroffensive ramps up, but meets stiff Russian resistance |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/ukraine-russia-war-counteroffensive-ramps-up-but-meets-stiff-russian-resistance/ |access-date=9 June 2023 |website=POLITICO |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2023 |title=Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, June 8, 2023 |url=https://understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-june-8-2023 |access-date=9 June 2023 |website=ISW}}</ref> ===July 2023=== The United States government said in July that it will export [[cluster bomb]]s to Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sandven |first=Synne Malen |title=USA vurderer klasevåpen: – Småbombene blir spreidd i busker |language=nn-NO |work=NRK |url=https://www.nrk.no/urix/usa-vurderer-klasevapen_-_-smabombene-blir-spreidd-i-busker-1.16474983|access-date=8 September 2023}}</ref> Ukrainian pilots will get training in F16 fighter-jets; The training is supposed to start next month.<ref name="F16training"/> [[Oleg Tsokov|General Oleg Tsokov]] was killed by a [[Storm Shadow]] missile in [[Berdiansk]] city ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA#/map/0/9/46.7206/36.7964 map]). He was the deputy commander of the [[Southern Military District]] (Russia).<ref>{{cite web |author=Richard Spencer |title=Ukrainians kill top Russian general with British-supplied missile |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/ukrainians-kill-top-russian-general-with-british-supplied-missile-dxfkc5cqw |date=12 July 2023 |website=[[The Times]] |access-date=12 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Another Russian General Killed in Occupied Ukraine |url=https://www.kyivpost.com/post/19340 |date=11 July 2023 |website=[[The Kyiv Post]] |access-date=12 July 2023}}</ref> The [[2023 Crimean Bridge explosion]] resulted in two deaths.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 July 2023 |title=Traffic stopped on Crimean Bridge, reports of blasts |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/traffic-stopped-crimean-bridge-due-emergency-russian-backed-governor-2023-07-17/|access-date=8 September 2023}}</ref> The major rail connection from Crimea to other parts of Ukraine where Russia has soldiers, was hit; The [[rail line]] was hit at the [[Chonhar]] railway bridge.<ref name="ISW July 31">{{cite web |last1=Hird |first1=Karolina |last2=Barros |first2=George |last3=Mappes |first3=Grace |last4=Clark |first4=Mason |title=Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, July 31, 2023 |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-july-31-2023 |website=[[Institute for the Study of War]] |access-date=1 August 2023}}</ref> The rail line is still broken (as of August). ===August 2023=== [[File:Большой десантный корабль проекта 775 «Оленего́рский горня́к» 2H1A7928WI.jpg|thumb|This [[Landing Ship, Tank|Landing Ship (or LST)]] has much damage (as of 2023). The ''Olenegorsky Gornyak'' is one of the ships of the [[Ropucha-class landing ship|Ropucha-class]]]] As of 4 August, a [[Landing Ship, Tank|Landing Ship]], the ''Olenegorsky Gornyak'' has much [[damage]]. It was damaged by a [[Unmanned surface vehicle|drone boat]], at the [[Novorossiysk]] [[naval base]] in Russia's [[Southern Federal District]]. The base is along (part of) the [[Black Sea]]; The drone carried 450 kilograms of [[Trinitrotoluene|TNT]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/blasts-gunfire-reported-near-russian-black-sea-port-novorossiysk-2023-08-04/ |title=Russian warship damaged in Ukrainian attack on Novorossiysk naval base - sources |work=www.reuters.com |date=4 August 2023 |access-date=4 August 2023}}</ref><!--It was pictured listing heavily to one side while being towed back to port.--><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/security/2023/08/northern-fleet-ship-seriously-damaged-drone-attack |title=Northern Fleet ship seriously damaged in drone attack |work=thebarentsobserver.com |date=4 August 2023 |access-date=4 August 2023}}</ref> A Russian [[S-400 missile system]] in [[Olenivka]] on [[Crimea]]'s [[Tarkhankut Peninsula]], was hit and destroyed by Ukrainian missiles; Some Russian soldiers died.<ref name="ISW August 23" /> Near [[Perevalne]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Perevalnoe map]), Crimea, a [[military base]] under Russian control, was bombed by many [[combat drone]]s; Some people died.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shashkova |first=Maryna |title=Kyiv Confirms Black Sea Fleet Attack, Warns Moscow of More 'Surprises' |url=https://www.kyivpost.com/post/20941|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Get the Latest Ukraine News Today - KyivPost |date=26 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Four [[Ilyushin Il-76|transport airplanes (Ilyushin-76)]] were damaged at an [[Pskov Airport|airport in Pskov oblast, Russia]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pskov_Airport map]) during a Ukrainian [[drone]] attack.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wright |first=George |date=29 August 2023 |title=Ukraine war: 'Drone attack' hits airport in northwest Russia city of Pskov |publisher=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66654125 |access-date=29 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sullivan |first=Helen |date=29 August 2023 |title=Drone strike in Russian city of Pskov reportedly damages heavy transport planes |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/aug/30/drone-strike-in-russian-city-of-pskov-reportedly-damages-heavy-transport-planes |access-date=29 August 2023}}</ref> [[Combat drone]]s (from [[Armed Forces of Ukraine|AFU]]) made of [[cardboard]] were used to destroy Russian aircraft at [[Kursk Vostochny Airport|an airport in Kursk]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kursk-Vostochny_Airport map]), Russia.<ref name="Cardboard">{{Cite web |date=31 August 2023 |title=Ukraina sanoo iskeneensä Venäjän lentotukikohtaan "lentävillä pahvilaatikoilla" – viisi huippuhävittäjää vaurioitui |url=https://yle.fi/a/74-20047924|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Yle Uutiset |language=fi}}</ref> [[Sypaq Corvo Precision Payload Delivery System|Corvo]] drones were used.<ref name=Cardboard/><ref>{{cite news |url=https://newsukraine.rbc.ua/news/ukraine-s-military-counterintelligence-launches-1693141130.html |website={{ill|newsukraine.rbc.ua|uk|rbc.ua}} |title= Ukraine's military counterintelligence launches drone attack on Russia's Kursk airfield |first=Oleksandra |last=Bashchenko |date=27 August 2023 |access-date=27 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://gagadget.com/en/302776-australian-sypaq-cardboard-drones-could-hit-five-su-30-and-mig-29-fighter-jets-on-russian-territory-bypassing-air-defence/ |website=gagadget.com |title=Australian SYPAQ cardboard drones could hit five Su-30 and MiG-29 fighter jets on Russian territory, bypassing air defences |first=Maksim |last=Panasovskyi |date=27 August 2023 |access-date=27 August 2023}}</ref> Two more countries ([[Greece]] and [[Czechia]]) are going to train Ukrainian pilots in F-16 fighter-jets. The training program will be run by [[Denmark]], [[Netherlands]], the United Kingdom, Poland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Romania, Portugal, Sweden and Norway.<ref name=F16training>{{cite web |last1=Sæther |first1=Even Hye T. Barka, Tormod Malvin |title=Ukrainas forsvarsminister roser norskstøttet F16-plan: – Veldig fornøyd |url=https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/ukrainas-forsvarsminister-roser-norskstottet-f16-plan-veldig-fornoyd/s/5-95-1214458 |website=Nettavisen |accessdate=11 July 2023 |language=no |date=11 July 2023}}</ref> <!--On 23 August, [[Yevgeny Prigozhin]], the orchestrator of the [[Wagner Rebellion]] had his plane crash in the [[Tver Oblast]] of Russia. It has been speculated that the crash was an assassination, and that the plane was destroyed by an onboard bomb or shot down by a missile.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sauer |first=Pjotr |date=5 October 2023 |title=Onboard grenade blast caused plane crash that killed Wagner boss, claims Putin |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/05/hand-grenade-explosion-caused-plane-crash-that-killed-wagner-boss-says-putin|access-date=20 December 2023 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=News |first=A. B. C. |title=Yevgeny Prigozhin, Wagner Group leader killed in plane crash, buried in private funeral |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wagner-group-leader-yevgeny-prigozhin-funeral/story?id=102649321|access-date=20 December 2023 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=23 August 2023 |title=Wagner chief Yevgeny Prigozhin presumed dead after Russia plane crash |language=en-GB |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66599733|access-date=20 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bunyan |first=Rachael |date=25 August 2023 |title=New clues point to bomb on board Yevgeny Prigozhin plane |url=https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-12444319/New-clues-point-bomb-board-Yevgeny-Prigozhin-plane-Jet-owners-say-no-repairs-carried-despite-stewardess-revealing-minute-maintenance-video-emerges-security-breach-day-crash.html|access-date=20 December 2023 |website=Mail Online}}</ref>--> ===September 2023=== [[File:«Дмитрий_Рогачёв».jpg|thumb|Two [[patrol ship]]s were damaged and had to go back to port. The length (of each ship) is 94 m (308 ft). Each ship is supposed to have 80 people on board. Picture from 2019]] As of 3 September, parts of at least [[Shahed-136|one Russian drone]] hit the ground in Romania (and near the village of [[Ceatalchioi]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ceatalchioi map]) in [[Tulcea County]]).<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 September 2023 |title=NATO member Romania says it has found drone pieces from Russian attacks in Ukraine on its territory |url=https://apnews.com/article/romania-danube-ukraine-drone-russia-49d7c2f087d19cd0363dc24b8b121f8d|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=NRK |date=6 September 2023 |title=Romania: Bekrefter at deler av russisk drone falt ned på rumensk territorium |url=https://www.nrk.no/nyheter/romania_-bekrefter-at-deler-av-russisk-drone-falt-ned-pa-rumensk-territorium-1.16544842|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=NRK |language=nb-NO}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/news-66704518 |title=Російські "Шахеди" влучили по території Румунії, каже Україна. Бухарест заперечує |publisher=BBC |language=uk |date=4 September 2023 |accessdate=4 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/es/2023/08/11/espanol/guerra-rusia-ucrania-rumania.html |title=Tras un ataque ruso en Ucrania, cristales rotos y nervios a flor de piel en Rumania |first=Andrew |last=Higgins |newspaper=The New York Times |language=es |date=11 August 2023 |accessdate=4 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.liga.net/ua/world/news/mid-nochyu-rossiyskie-drony-shahed-136-vzorvalis-v-rumynii-strane-nato |title=У МЗС заявили, що російські дрони Shahed-136 вночі вибухнули в Румунії – країні НАТО: карта |publisher=LIGA.net |language=uk |date=4 September 2023 |accessdate=4 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.liga.net/ua/world/news/poyavilas-reaktsiya-minoborony-rumynii-na-vzryv-shaheda-na-ih-territorii-voennoy-ugrozy-net |title=Вибух "шахедів" у Румунії. Міноборони країни видало суперечливі пресрелізи щодо ситуації |publisher=LIGA.net |language=uk |date=4 September 2023 |accessdate=4 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://suspilne.media/543429-minoboroni-rumunii-zrobilo-zaavu-sodo-padinna-rosijskogo-bpla-na-ihnu-teritoriu/ |title=Міноборони Румунії зробило заяву щодо падіння російського БПЛА на їхню територію |publisher=НСТУ |language=uk |date=4 September 2023 |accessdate=4 September 2023}}</ref> As of 9 September, parts of another Russian drone hit the ground in Romania.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kristensen |first1=Thomas Fredrik |title=Fant russiske dronedeler i Romania: Dette sier Stoltenberg |url=https://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/i/8JkdAG/fant-russiske-dronedeler-i-romania-stoltenberg-har-snakket-med-iohannis |website=VG |accessdate=9 September 2023 |language=no |date=9 September 2023}}</ref> In [[Sevastopol]], Crimea, a [[Russian landing ship Minsk|Ropucha-class Landing Ship]] was destroyed and a [[Kilo-class]] submarine and a KC-701-class patrol boat were damaged. They were attacked by cruise missiles.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ukrainian attack damages 2 ships, injures 24 people and sets port on fire in Russia-annexed Crimea |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-sevastopol-925cf5d35b53ea061d1dc73dd0cf329f |website=AP News |accessdate=14 September 2023 |language=en |date=13 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Balmforth |first1=Tom |title=Ukraine says Russian naval vessels badly damaged in Crimea attack |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraine-launches-missile-attack-sevastopol-crimea-russian-installed-governor-2023-09-13 |accessdate=14 September 2023 |work=Rueters |date=13 September 2023}}</ref> A Russian [[S-400 Triumf|S-400]] [[surface-to-air]] missile-system has been destroyed (as of 14 September) near [[Yevpatoria]], Crimea after being hit by two Neptune cruise missiles. Two Russian ships ([[Project 22160 patrol ship]]) were hit by Ukrainian naval drones; Because of significant damage, the ships had to return to port.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Khalilova |first1=Dinara |title=Military: Ukrainian strike damages 2 Russian ships in Black Sea |url=https://news.yahoo.com/military-ukrainian-strike-damages-2-200659504.html |website=[[The Kyiv Independent]] |date=14 September 2023 |publisher=[[Yahoo! News]] |access-date=15 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Danylov |first1=Oleg |title=Ukrainian naval drones hit two Russian Vasiliy Bykov-class ships |url=https://mezha.media/en/2023/09/15/ukrainian-naval-drones-hit-two-russian-vasiliy-bykov-class-ships/ |website=mezha.media |access-date=15 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Havrylets |first1=Serge |title=Stratcom: Ukraine damages two Russian patrol ships in the Black Sea |url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2023/09/14/stratcom-ukraine-damages-two-russian-patrol-ships-in-the-black-sea/ |website=[[Euromaidan Press]] |access-date=15 September 2023 |date=14 September 2023}}</ref> [[2023 missile strike on the Sevastopol Naval Base|The rocket attack on Sevastopol Naval Base]] killed some Russian officers; [[Viktor Sokolov|An admiral]] was possibly one of the dead people. (Related pages, [[Sevastopol Naval Base]], [[admiral]]) ===October 2023=== Ukrainian soldiers have started using<!--[[The Pentagon]] said that it is ready to [[supply]] Ukraine, with a small number of--> [[ATACMS]] rockets with [[warhead]]s that have [[cluster munition]]s;<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sund-Henriksen |first1=Jørn |title=Ukraina åpner ny front |url=https://www.nettavisen.no/5-95-1406809 |website=Nettavisen |accessdate=21 October 2023 |language=no |date=21 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-11-18|title=Atacms: What we know about missile system Ukraine could use to strike Russia|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cx2nrlq1840o|access-date=2025-05-06|website=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ukraine’s ATACMS: What Will the U.S. Missiles Mean for the War? {{!}} Council on Foreign Relations|url=https://www.cfr.org/expert-brief/ukraines-atacms-what-will-us-missiles-mean-war|access-date=2025-05-06|website=www.cfr.org|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Sanger|first=David E.|last2=Jakes|first2=Lara|last3=Santora|first3=Marc|last4=Méheut|first4=Constant|last5=Ismay|first5=John|date=2023-10-17|title=Ukraine Uses Powerful American-Supplied Missiles for First Time|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/17/world/europe/ukraine-atacms-attacks-russia.html|access-date=2025-05-06|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The [[version]] of the rocket used in Ukraine, can go as far as 165 km; [Ukraine does not have (as of 2023) ] other versions which can go farther.<ref name=165km>{{cite web |last1=Strøm |first1=Ole Kristian |title=Ukrainas nye supervåpen: – Putin mangler mottrekk |date=21 October 2023 |url=https://www.vg.no/nyheter/utenriks/i/JQ8mW6/ukrainas-nye-supervaapen-putin-mangler-mottrekk |accessdate=21 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=3 October 2023 |title=Bloomberg: US military 'ready to deliver' cluster-armed ATACMS |language=en-US |author=Elsa Court |work=The Kyiv Independent |url=https://kyivindependent.com/bloomberg-us-army-ready-to-deliver-atacms-missiles-armed-with-cluster-munitions/ |access-date=4 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Fretay|first=Halna du|title=Breaking News: Ukraine Uses US-Made ATACMS Missiles Against Targets in Russia for First Time|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/focus-analysis-conflicts/army/conflicts-in-the-world/ukraine-russia-conflict/breaking-news-ukraine-uses-us-made-atacms-missiles-against-targets-in-russia-for-first-time|access-date=2025-05-06|website=www.armyrecognition.com|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Fretay|first=Halna du|title=Breaking News: Ukraine Uses US-Made ATACMS Missiles Against Targets in Russia for First Time|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/focus-analysis-conflicts/army/conflicts-in-the-world/ukraine-russia-conflict/breaking-news-ukraine-uses-us-made-atacms-missiles-against-targets-in-russia-for-first-time|access-date=2025-05-06|website=www.armyrecognition.com|language=en-gb}}</ref> ===November 2023=== [[Askold (corvette)|A Russian warship]] of the [[Karakurt-class (since 2018)|Karacurt-class]] was damaged.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Brahy|first=Jérôme|title=Russian sources confirm Tsiklon Karakurt-class missile ship was sunk b|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/news/navy-news/2024/russian-sources-confirm-tsiklon-karakurt-class-missile-ship-was-sunk-by-us-supplied-atacms-missiles|access-date=2025-05-06|website=www.armyrecognition.com|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>https://www.technology.org/2023/11/08/russia-lost-a-brand-new-warship-in-its-war-against-a-country-with-no-navy/. Retrieved 9 November 2023</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-11-09|title=New Russian naval corvette damaged in Ukraine cruise missile attack on Crimea base|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-cruise-missile-carrier-askold-crimea-b2444270.html|access-date=2025-05-06|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=GDC|date=2023-11-08|title=Russian Askold Corvette shows massive hull breach after Ukrainian Scalp-EG strike|url=https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2023/11/08/russian-askold-corvette-shows-massive-hull-breach-after-ukrainian-scalp-eg-strike/|access-date=2025-05-06|website=Global Defense Corp|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Altman|first=Howard|date=2023-11-06|title=Russian Warship Seen Badly Damaged By Ukrainian Cruise Missile|url=https://www.twz.com/russian-warship-seen-badly-damaged-by-ukrainian-cruise-missile|access-date=2025-05-06|website=The War Zone|language=en-US}}</ref> A car carrying pro-Russian Chechen fighters was attacked and blown up by Ukrainian ([[resistance fighter]]s or) [[partisan]]s over the weekend (of 27 November), according to media; The [[ambush]] happened near [[Myrne, Myrne settlement hromada, Melitopol Raion, Zaporizhzhia Oblast|Myrne]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122766961#/map map]), North of [[Melitopol]] (city).<ref>{{Cite news |author=Martin Fornusek |date=27 November 2023 |title=Exiled mayor: Ukrainian resistance blows up car with pro-Russian Chechen fighters near Melitopol |language=en-US |work=The Kyiv Independent |url=https://kyivindependent.com/exiled-mayor-resistance-blows-up-car-with-pro-russian-chechen-fighters/ |access-date=27 November 2023}}</ref> === December 2023 === On December 6, the [[United States Senate]] did not pass a law (or a ''bill''), that would have sent [14] billions of dollars to Israel and [50] billions to Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Greve |first1=Joan E. |last2=Wintour |first2=Patrick |date=6 December 2023 |title=Senate Republicans block funding bill that included aid for Ukraine and Israel |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/dec/06/republicans-ukraine-funding|access-date=20 December 2023 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><!--Similar law [[proposal]]s in regard to Ukraine, are not scheduled in December, for being voted on, inside the U.S. senate.--> [[Russian landing ship Novocherkassk|A Russian warship]] of the [[Ropucha-class]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932860 picture]) was destroyed, in [[Feodosiya]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158491 map]), Crimea; The wreck is alongside a [[pier]] and mostly under water.<ref>https://www.nrk.no/urix/her-ligger-russernes-senkede-skip-1.16693055. [[NRK]].no. Retrieved 27 December 2023</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=26 December 2023 |url=https://defence-blog.com/ukraine-says-it-hit-russian-landing-ship-in-feodosia/ |title=Ukraine says it hit Russian landing ship in Feodosia |work=Defence Blog |author=Dylan Malyasov |access-date=26 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=26 December 2023 |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/massive-fireball-rises-over-crimean-port |title=Massive Fireball Rises Over Crimean Port |work=The War Zone |author=TYLER ROGOWAY|access-date=26 December 2023}}</ref> On [December 27, U.S. time], the U.S. government made a [[decision]] to give $250 million in military aid.<ref name=2023DecMilAid/><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kyiv|first=U. S. Embassy|date=2024-01-02|title=Biden Administration Announces Additional U.S. Military Assistance for Ukraine|url=https://ua.usembassy.gov/biden-administration-announces-additional-u-s-military-assistance-for-ukraine-3/#:~:text=DECEMBER%2027,%202023,their%20freedom%20against%20Russia's%20aggression.|access-date=2025-04-23|website=U.S. Embassy in Ukraine|language=en-US}}</ref> === January 2024 === A [[counter-battery radar]] (belonging to Russia) was destroyed: the 1К148 [[Yastreb]]-AV radar was destroyed; Two rockets were fired from [one or two] [[HIMARS]] rocket launcher.<ref name= davidAxe >David Axe [https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2024/01/02/russia-announced-it-had-deployed-to-ukraine-its-best-new-artillery-detecting-radar-hours-later-the-ukrainians-blew-it-up-with-artillery/?sh=7b6c8452df35 (2 Jan 2024) Russia Announced It Had Deployed, To Ukraine, Its Best New Artillery-Detecting Radar. Hours Later, The Ukrainians Blew It Up—With Artillery.] HIMARS</ref><ref name= ew101 >Trent Telenko [https://twitter.com/TrentTelenko/status/1742282233812029912 (2 Jan 2024) Electronic Warfare 101]</ref> Regarding [[F16]] [[fighter jet]]s: Denmark said that the [[delivery]] of those [is supposed to] happen in<!--[in June or May or April, or]--> 2024's second quarter; The reason for the [[delay]] is that it takes time to train pilots and other people that are going to support the [[readiness]] of the 19 airplanes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukraine to get F-16 jets in second quarter, Denmark says |url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2024/0106/1425055-ukraine/ |access-date=6 January 2024 |date=6 January 2024 |website=rte |language=en}}</ref><!--Ukraine will get their first F-16 fighter jets, when the training of pilots, ends (Fall of 2024).--><ref>https://yle.fi/a/74-20010573. Retrieved 5 January 2024</ref> Earlier (December 2023), media said that [[F-16]] [[fighter jet]]s are ready to be sent to Ukraine, and that the [[Dutch government]] is ready to give (the first) 18 of those airplanes.<ref>https://www.nrk.no/urix/ukraina-hevdar-dei-har-skote-ned-russiske-bombefly-1.16691157. [[NRK]].no. Retrieved 23 December 2023</ref> === February 2024 === Leaders of the European Union have said yes to giving 50 billion euros ($54 billion) to Ukraine; The aid is to support the Ukrainian economy; The first instalment of 4.5 billion euros ($4.9 billion) will arrive in March 2024.<ref>{{cite news |date=1 February 2024 |title=EU agrees $54 billion in new aid for Ukraine as Hungary falls in line |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/eu-leaders-seek-deal-fund-ukraine-hungary-digs-heels-2024-02-01/ |publisher=Reuters |author=Charlotte Van Campenhout |author2=Andrew Gray |author3=Andreas Rinke}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=1 February 2024 |title=Zelenskiy says EU aid approval will boost Ukraine's economy |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/zelenskiy-says-eu-aid-approval-will-boost-ukraines-economy-2024-02-01/ |publisher=Reuters |author=Olena Harmash |author2=Yuliia Dysa}}</ref> Ukraine changed its [[commander-in-chief]]; [[Oleksandr Syrskyi]] became chief, [[replacement|replacing]] [[Valerii Zaluzhnyi]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Court |first=Elsa |title=Zelensky dismisses Chief Commander Zaluzhnyi, appoints Syrskyi in his place |url=https://kyivindependent.com/zelensky-dismisses-commander-in-chief-zaluzhnyi/ |publisher=The Kyiv Independent |date=8 February 2024 |accessdate=8 February 2024}}</ref> [[Marines]] (of the [[AFU]]) will be trained by [[Norway]]'s authorities. In regard to when the first [[F-16]] [[fighter jet]]s, will come to Ukraine: The secretary-general of [[NATO]] said that "the decision [about when] to [[delivery|deliver]] F-16s to Ukraine would be left to each [... country, and they have their own rules or different] [[policy|policies]]".<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/28446. Retrieved 22 February 2024</ref> "Ukraine will join NATO. It is not a question of if, but [it is a question] of when", according to [[Jens Stoltenberg|the secretary-general of NATO]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Stoltenberg på toårsdagen til invasjonen av Ukraina: – Vi må ikke miste motet |url=https://www.dn.no/utenriks/krigen-i-ukraina/jens-stoltenberg/nato/stoltenberg-pa-toarsdagen-til-invasjonen-av-ukraina-vi-ma-ikke-miste-motet/2-1-1603266 |website=DN.no |accessdate=24 February 2024 |language=nb |date=24 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=NATO|title=NATO Secretary General's statement on the second anniversary of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine|url=https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_223084.htm|access-date=2025-04-23|website=NATO|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-02-24|title=Stoltenberg: Ukraine will join NATO – it's not a question of if but of when|url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3831576-stoltenberg-ukraine-will-join-nato-its-not-a-question-of-if-but-of-when.html|access-date=2025-04-23|website=www.ukrinform.net|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Chao-Fong|first=Léonie|last2=Yang|first2=Maya|last3=Bayer|first3=Lili|last4=Yang|first4=Léonie Chao-Fong (now); Maya|last5=Bayer (earlier)|first5=Lili|date=2024-07-11|title=Nato summit live: Stoltenberg says Ukraine Nato membership is ‘not the question of if, but when’ – as it happened|language=en-GB|work=the Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2024/jul/10/nato-summit-live-ukraine-on-the-agenda-as-leaders-gather-in-washington|access-date=2025-04-23|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> There are groups that are resisting the Russian soldiers; The [[resistance]] groups sometimes do [[surveillance]], "reconnaissance missions [and], [[sabotage]] [...] in [[co-ordination]] with Ukraine’s" authorities; One of the groups is [[Atesh]].<ref>https://kyivindependent.com/image-draft-10-years-under-russian-occupation-how-does-life-in-crimea-look-like/. Retrieved 26 February 2024</ref><ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/27879. Retrieved 2024-02-010</ref> [[File:Exchange of captured soldiers between Ukraine and Russia, 2024-02-08 (02).jpg|thumb|Ukrainian POWs returned on 8&nbsp;February]] === March 2024 === "America’s best [[robot]] spy plane, the [[Global Hawk]] spent … hours over the east Black Sea sometimes swinging" ... "close to 100 km from the Russian mainland and" [[Sochi]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stewart |first1=Stefan |last2=Korshak |first2=Christopher |title=Analysis: Intense NATO Air Surveillance of Black Sea With Provocative Tracks Near Russia |url=https://www.kyivpost.com/analysis/29155 |website=Kyiv Post |accessdate=7 March 2024 |language=en |date=7 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NATO Reconnaissance: the RQ-4B Global Hawk Drone Spotted 100 km Away from russian Coast in Black Sea {{!}} Defense Express|url=https://en.defence-ua.com/news/nato_reconnaissance_the_rq_4b_global_hawk_drone_spotted_100_km_away_from_russian_coast_in_black_sea-6664.html|access-date=2025-04-23|website=en.defence-ua.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Newdick|first=Thomas|date=2023-05-09|title=Ukraine Situation Report: RQ-4 Global Hawk Flies Off Sochi|url=https://www.twz.com/ukraine-situation-report-rq-4-global-hawk-flies-off-sochi|access-date=2025-04-23|website=The War Zone|language=en-US}}</ref> The U.S. authorities [sent] "a new package of weapons worth $300 million to Ukraine, and it [included] a number of [... [[ATACMS]]], according to U.S. officials [...] . The package [... included] a number of the Anti-Personnel/Anti-Materiel, or [[APAM]], an older version of the long-range ATACMS, which travels 100 miles and carries warheads containing hundreds of [[cluster bomb]]lets", according to media.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-03-12|title=White House expected to send more ATACMS to Ukraine|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/03/12/white-house-aid-package-ukraine-00146487|access-date=2025-04-23|website=POLITICO|language=en}}</ref> Ukraine has an [[intention]] (or idea), that in the future, [any] [[conscript]] (or a [[specicifity|specific]] kind of soldier) will be set free from military service after [that] conscript has been fighting for 18 months; That plan is a response to a protest (that had female relatives of conscripts) in early November.<!--"The Head of the Ukrainian National Security and Defense Council, Oleksiy Danilov, told Radio Ukraine that a plan was being drawn up to demobilise conscripts who had completed their "service terms" in response to a protest held on 12 November by mostly female relatives of conscripts whom have been fighting for over 18 months "--><ref>{{Cite news |date=25 November 2023 |title=Ukraine to demobilize conscripts after their service terms end — Danilov |work=The New Voice of Ukraine |url=https://news.yahoo.com/ukraine-demobilize-conscripts-terms-end-230000331.html}}</ref> The plan has not become law (as of 2024).<ref>https://kyivindependent.com/parliamentary-committee-declines-amendment-on-demobilization-after-36-months-of-serving-without-top-military-commands-approval/. Retrieved 2024-03-28</ref> "One of the first times in nearly nine months the AFU ... launched an entire brigade into combat", according to media;<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/31637. Retrieved 2024-04-25</ref> That brigade made it possible for another brigade to be pulled away from battle; Later, [[Avdiivka]] was abandoned by Ukrainian forces. A Bumblebee military airplane, model [[Beriev A-50|A-50U]] was shot down; That kind is used for [[airborne early warning and control]], by Russian forces.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/34229. Retrieved 2024-06-13</ref> The first shipment of funds from Europe was received. === April 2024 === The U.S. government said "yes" to (more financial aid, or) $61 billion in military aid to Ukraine.<ref>https://www.nrk.no/nyheter/joe-biden-har-signert-enorm-hjelpepakke-1.16857959. Retrieved 2024-04-24</ref><!--Earlier (February 13) "The [[Mike Johnson (politician)|Republican leader of the US House of Representatives]]" ... "blocked war aid for Ukraine", according to media.--><ref>{{cite web |title=US House Speaker Johnson blocks vote on Ukraine aid passed by Senate |url=https://www.france24.com/en/americas/20240214-us-house-speaker-johnson-blocks-vote-ukraine-israel-taiwan-aid-passed-senate-donald-trump-republicans |website=France 24 |accessdate=15 February 2024 |language=en |date=14 February 2024}}</ref><!-- Earlier (April 23), the [[U.S. Congress]] said "yes" to more financial aid.--><ref>https://www.vg.no/nyheter/utenriks/i/MnwG0r/her-lager-soldatene-kamikaze-droner-dette-har-blitt-en-robotkrig. Retrieved 2024-04-23</ref><ref>https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/22/ukraine-package-armored-vehicles-00153672. Retrieved 2024-04-23</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/feb/28/funding-ukraine-republican-government-shutdown. Retrieved 28 February 2024</ref><!-- Earlier (April 20), the U.S. ''[[House of Representatives]]'' passed a ''law [[proposal]]'' for military aid to for Ukraine.--><!-- It must be passed by the Senate before [[Joe Biden|the U.S. president]] can sign it into law.--><!-- Voting, about getting the ''[[House of Representatives]]'' to start a ([[formal]]) [[debate]] about that ''law [[proposal]]'', has to happen first;--><ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/18/us/politics/democrats-vote-ukraine-bill.html?unlocked_article_code=1.lk0.8w5j.UOV1Z1q3n3Co&smid=url-share. Retrieved 2024-04-19</ref><!--Media said on April 17 that Johnson thinks that the law about military aid will be passed on April 20. --><ref>https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2024/04/17/congress/johnson-outlines-foreign-aid-plan-00152767. Retrieved 2024-04-17</ref><!--He will try to do that on the week of April 15.--><ref>https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2024/04/15/congress/johnsons-ukraine-israel-proposal-00152375. Retrieved 2024-04-16</ref><!--Outdated: However, according to the [[Kyiv Post]], "A Republican US [... [[congressman]] or congresswoman] says that Speaker [[Mike Johnson]] ... will [suggest a new law, or] floor a ... bill that includes more than $60 billion for Ukraine [... as early as] April 9".--><ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/30436. Retrieved 2024-04-02</ref><!-- Earlier on February 13,--><!--The [[House of Representatives]] (USA) gets to decide if there will be [[financial aid]], because--><!-- the senate (USA) already gave its "yes".--><ref>https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-senate-heads-toward-final-passage-ukraine-aid-bill-2024-02-13/. Retrieved 13 February 2024</ref><!--[On about the 14th or 13th of February, or] "in the coming days", the senate will have its ''final vote''; if that vote (in the senate) is "yes", then the [[House of Representatives]] (USA) gets to decide if there will be [[financial aid]].--><!-- Earlier (February 11), the "Senate voted 67" to 27.--><ref>https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-senate-faces-new-test-ukraine-aid-bill-2024-02-11/. Retrieved 12 February 2024</ref><!--"a series of [...] votes [that] are expected to take place [....] over the weekend" that ends on February 11-->;<!--That ''final vote is expected to happen after a kind of voting that is called ''additional procedural voting''.--><ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2024/02/09/politics/rand-paul-senate-foreign-aid-package/index.html. Retrieved 10 February 2024</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Wichstad |first1=Eirik |title=Senatet ett steg nærmere hjelpepakke til Ukraina |url=https://www.vg.no/nyheter/i/8Jn2aW/usas-hjelpepakke-paa-95-milliarder-til-ukraina-taiwan-og-israel-har-nok-stoette-i-senatet |website=VG |accessdate=8 February 2024 |language=no |date=11 February 2024}}</ref><!-- The voting is about $61 billion for Ukraine. "Even if the ... bill ... passes the Senate, it" needs to be [[approval|approved]] by the [[House of Representatives]] (United States).--><ref>https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-senate-vote-95-bln-ukraine-israel-aid-bill-after-failed-border-deal-2024-02-08/. Retrieved 8 February 2024</ref><!--Earlier (February 8), the senate held a vote in regard to financial aid for Ukraine; The vote (67 voting "for", and 32 voting "against") was about [continuing to make a law about giving financial aid to Ukraine, or] "to advance the [law [[proposal]] or] bill". --><!--Earlier (February 7), the senate voted on a different idea (or law) about financial aid for Ukraine; That vote failed.--><!--Another vote has been "put off at least until" February 8, according to media's words about the view of [[Chuck Schumer|the Senate Democratic Majority Leader]].--><ref>https://www.reuters.com/world/us/bipartisan-border-ukraine-deal-looks-set-fail-us-senate-2024-02-07/. Retrieved 8 February 2024</ref><!--On February 7(U.S. time) , the U.S. Senate will maybe--><ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-us-canada-68221877. Retrieved 7 February 2024</ref><!-- vote two times about (at least) $60 billion aid for Ukraine.--><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2024/02/07/congress/senate-supplemental-ukraine-border-aid-00140187 |title=Senate Republicans officially block foreign aid bill with border changes |date=7 February 2024 |website=POLITICO |accessdate=26 February 2024}}</ref><!-- Earlier that day, the first (suggestion for a new law, or) law [[proposal]], had too many votes against it, and it [[failure|failed]].--><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-us-canada-68221877 |title=US senators move to salvage Ukraine aid in fresh vote after border bill fails - live updates |work=BBC News |date=7 February 2024}}</ref><ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2024/02/07/politics/senate-border-ukraine-israel-aid-vote/index.html. Retrieved 7 February 2024</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Krantz |first1=Andreas |title=Enighet om forslag i Senatet i USA – penger både til grensesikkerhet, Ukraina og Israel |url=https://www.nrk.no/urix/enighet-om-forslag-i-senatet-i-usa-_-penger-bade-til-grensesikkerhet_-ukraina-og-israel-1.16749145 |website=NRK |language=nb-NO |date=5 February 2024|access-date=5 February 2024}}</ref><!--On February 27, the president of the United States had a meeting with the leaders of the U.S. Congress to discuss the financing of aid to Ukraine.--><ref>{{cite web |last1=Collinson |first1=Stephen |title=House Speaker Mike Johnson faces a defining dilemma on Ukraine {{!}} CNN Politics |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/02/27/politics/mike-johnson-urkaine-aid-dilemma/index.html |website=CNN |accessdate=26 February 2024 |language=en |date=27 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Biden skal møte kongressledere om budsjett og Ukraina |url=https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/biden-skal-mote-kongressledere-om-budsjett-og-ukraina/s/5-95-1665693 |website=Nettavisen |accessdate=26 February 2024 |language=no |date=26 February 2024}}</ref><!-- Earlier (February 19) "[[Mike Turner]], the chairman of the House Intelligence Committee" said that "there was enough" ... "support [in Congress] to pass Ukraine aid".--><ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2024/02/19/politics/johnson-ukraine-aid-critical-decision/index.html. Retrieved 20 February 2024</ref><!-- Earlier (February 17) the [[BBC]] said that "The US has already" said ''yes'' to "$44 billion in military aid for Ukraine, but some members of the Republican party [... have become more and more] [[scepticism|sceptical]] of [giving more money or] further [[funding]]".--><ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68322241. Retrieved 17 February 2024</ref><!-- That is a lot of references, This should be cleaned up (A lot of references IS good but having 24 of them in one line is Cluttery) --> About loaning military aid to Ukraine: [[presidential candidate]] [[Donald Trump]] is (earlier in April) not against military aid being loaned to Ukraine (instead of the U.S. government sending military aid as a gift); Trump said that, while politician [[Mike Johnson (politician)|Mike Johnson]] was standing next to him.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/31063. Retrieved 2024-04-13</ref> The [[67th Brigade]] of Ukraine was taken off the rolls; The brigade was broken up, by the orders of [[Oleksander Syrsky ]]; Parts of the brigade had earlier (given up, or) "[[abandonment|abandoned]] positions in the [[Chasiv Yar]] [[sector]] [of the frontline,] under heavy Russian pressure";<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/31637. Retrieved 2024-04-25</ref> The brigade had mostly [[volunteer]]s from one political group. Ukrainian forces used c. 12 rockets (or missiles) to hit "[[air base]]s and air defense installations across Crimea peninsula" (April 30); Some (or all) of the rockets were possibly ''[[ATACMS]]''.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/analysis/31903. Retrieved 2024-05-01</ref> (See [[#Weapons|/ATACMS]]) A Russian warship, [[Buyan-class corvette|a Buyan-M corvette]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Buyan_class_corvette picture]) was attacked, damaged and set on fire in the [[Kaliningrad]] region.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/35243. Retrieved 2024-07-03</ref> === May 2024 === Lithuanian soldiers are ready to be sent to Ukraine, so that they can [[training|train]] Ukrainian soldiers, according to the [[Ingrida Šimonytė|president of Lithuania]].<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/32307. Retrieved 2024-05-08</ref> === June 2024 === Explosions, or "major explosions",<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/34185. Retrieved 2024-06-12</ref> were reported in Crimea and [[Krasnodar Krai]] according to media (June 12).<ref>{{cite news |title=At least 2 anti-aircraft missile systems destroyed in Crimea - General Staff|url=https://ukranews.com/en/news/1012933-at-least-2-anti-aircraft-missile-systems-destroyed-in-crimea-general-staff|access-date=12 June 2024 |publisher=ukranews|author=Daria Zubkova|website=ukranews.com |date=12 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref> The ships and boats of the (Russian) [[Black Sea Fleet]], are mostly staying in the [[Sea of Azov]]; In other areas of the [[Black Sea]], many Russian ships and boats have beeen damaged or sunk.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/34408. Retrieved 2024-06-17</ref><ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/34119. Retrieved 2024-06-11</ref> ===July 2024=== At least three Russian [[drone]]s crossed into a member-country of [[Nato]], [[Romania]].<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/36352. Retrieved 2024-07-25</ref> NATO says that there is no sign that there was an [[intention]] to attack Romania, according to media.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/36397. Retrieved 2024-07-26</ref> At least one drone, was a [[kamikaze drone]].<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/36310. Retrieved 2024-07-25</ref> About F-16 [[fighter airplane]]s flying into Ukraine's [[airspace]]: One F-16 was seen (flying inside of Ukraine) as early as the last day of July.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/36688. Retrieved 2024-08-01</ref><ref>https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/bloomberg-ukraina-har-fatt-de-forste-f-16-flyene/s/5-95-1938069. Retrieved 2024-08-01</ref> That is the first time since the start of the invasion. A "[[Mi-8]] military helicopter of the Russian forces ... was downed near Russian-occupied Donetsk"; It was attacked by a drone (and crashed into the ground).<ref name=Relaysignal>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/36719. Retrieved 2024-08-01</ref> ===August 2024=== Earlier that month, [[Atesh]] [[guerrilla]]s said that they found the place of "a Russian [[Buk-M2]] [[#Used_by_Russian_forces|anti-aircraft missile system]] in the [[Volnovakha Raion|Volnovakha district]] of the Donetsk [... oblast]"; Furthermore, it is supposed to be “for hunting F-16s”, according to media.<ref name=F16bag/> ====Start of offensive (or counter-offensive) into Russia==== [[File:August 2024 Kursk Oblast incursion.svg|right|upright=1.15|frameless|The yellow dots and the red dots are settlements in Kursk Oblast, Russia]] Ukrainian forces rolled some of their tanks and other [[military vehicle]]s into Russia. The attack is called a counter-offensive, and<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cze5pkg5jwlo. Retrieved 2024-08-14</ref> the [[Kursk offensive (2024–present)|Kursk offensive (since 2024)]]. Ukrainian soldiers went into [[Kursk Oblast]] (August 6). By August 9, there were around 10,000 or 12,000 Ukrainian soldiers in Kursk Oblast, according to an [[expert]] at [[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|CEIP]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2024/08/09/nx-s1-5069453/heres-what-we-know-about-ukraines-military-offensive-in-russia|title=Here's what we know about Ukraine's military offensive in Russia|publisher=NPRs |date=2024-08-09 |access-date=2024-08-10 |language=en-gb |author=Mallory Yu|author2=Sarah Handel|author3=Mary Louise Kelly}}</ref> Earlier (August 8), Ukrainian soldiers were present in areas 35 kilometers from the Ukrainian border.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, August 8, 2024 |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-august-8-2024 |access-date=2024-08-09 |website=Institute for the Study of War |language=en}}</ref> "A [[state of emergency]] [has been] [[declaration|declared]] [... in Kursk oblast] by" [[Vladimir Putin|Russia's president]].<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c17gqq0djdgo. Retrieved 2024-08-14</ref> Ukrainian [[media]] visited the town of [[Sudzha]]; The gas [[Natural gas transmission system of Ukraine|metering station]] in Sudzha, is the only (way or) "[[route]] of Russian gas" to get "to Europe through Ukraine".<ref name=NotLocalGovAdmBuilding>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/37397. Retrieved 2024-08-15</ref> Media showed pictures of Ukrainian soldiers removing the Russian flag from a building<ref name=NotLocalGovAdmBuilding/> in the town of [[Sudzha]]; The flag was thrown on the ground.<ref> https://x.com/wartranslated/status/1823647895305822328?s=46. Retrieved 2024-08-14</ref><ref> https://english.alarabiya.net/amp/News/world/2024/08/14/ukraine-s-state-tv-shows-ukrainian-troops-pull-down-russian-flag-in-sudzha-in-kursk. Retrieved 2024-08-14</ref><ref> https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2024/aug/14/ukrainian-troops-pull-down-russian-flag-in-sudzha-during-tv-broadcast-video. Retrieved 2024-08-14</ref> Ukrainian forces have some soldiers in [[Belgorod Oblast]] (as of August 10).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.online.ua/en/afu-broke-into-the-belgorod-region-of-the-russian-federation-883173/|title=AFU broke into the Belgorod region of the Russian Federation|website=News Online (Ukraine)|accessdate=10 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newsweek.com/ukraine-belgorod-incursion-kursk-1937349|title=Ukraine Pushes Into New Part of Russia: Reports|website=Newsweek|accessdate=10 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/08/10/ukraine-belgorod-kursk-russia-occupied-war/|title=Ukraine appears to expand incursion into Russia, in a morale boost for Kyiv|newspaper=Washington Post|accessdate=10 August 2024}}</ref> "Ukraine [is creating, or] would create a “[[buffer zone]]” Kursk", according to media; Furthermore, “The creation of [... that] in the [[Kursk Oblast|Kursk region]] is a step to protect [... Ukrainian ] border communities from daily [[shelling]]” by enemy forces, according to [[Igor Klymenko|a member of Ukraine's cabinet]].<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/37408. Retrieved 2024-08-15</ref> ===September 2024=== Ukraine is [using drones or Ukraine is able] to strike places in Russia that are (up to) c. 1,800 km away from Ukraine.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/38716. Retrieved 2024-09-10</ref> ===October 2024=== Six Russian soldiers who [[desertion|deserted]] the [[front line]], got a temporary visa to an EU country, according to [[The Guardian|media]].<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/oct/16/six-russian-soldiers-granted-visas-to-france-after-fleeing-war-in-ukraine. Retrieved 2024-10-31</ref> About the [[Victory Plan for Ukraine|Victory Plan]] of Ukraine's government: [[Volodymyr Zelensky|Ukraine's president]] said that “We’ve also received very positive signals from the United States,”; Furthermore, “We are expecting a visit from a team from [the U.S. government or] Washington, so that we can work on the points of the Victory Plan at all operational levels”".<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/40834. Retrieved 2024-10-21</ref> "In [[Berdiansk]], a railway bridge used by Moscow’s troops" was destroyed, according to media.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/41253. Retrieved 2024-10-30</ref> ===November 2024=== Media said that "The United States [has plans, or] aims to send [... some] contractors to Ukraine to help [... doing [[maintainance]]] on ... warplanes and air defense systems [... , according to] a US defense official".<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/41956. Retrieved 2024-11-10</ref> Denmark signed contracts to buy Ukrainian built weapons for the Ukrainian military; The contracts are for $629 million. The deal is supposed to (help or) [[boosting|boost]] weapons production in Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-12 |title= Denmark signs contracts to purchase $629 million worth of Ukrainian-made weapons for the Ukrainian troops |url= https://mil.in.ua/en/news/denmark-signs-contracts-to-purchase-629-million-worth-of-ukrainian-made-weapons-for-the-ukrainian-troops/ |access-date=2024-11-12 |website= mil.in.ua |language=en}}</ref> South Korea's leader met with China's leader; Furthermore, "[... [[South Korea]]] calls on [China's leader] [[Xi Jinping]] [to stop or] to halt [ [[North Korea]]'s] military co-operation with Putin".<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/42333. Retrieved 2024-11-17</ref> Several thousand North Korean soldiers have come to [[Kursk Oblast|Kursk oblast]] after Ukrainian forces took some of the fight (against Russian forces), into Russia's Kursk oblast. Ukraine got permission to use ATACMS rockets to hit Russian territory; [[Joe Biden|The president of the U.S.]] gave the permission.<ref>{{cite web|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=17 November 2024|title=Biden Allows Ukraine to Strike Russia With Long-Range U.S. Missiles|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/17/us/politics/biden-ukraine-russia-atacms-missiles.html|first1=Adam|last3=Barnes|last2=Schmitt|last1=Entous|first2=Eric|first3=Julian E.}}</ref> ===December 2024=== A new group of [[F-16]] combat airplanes, have arrived in Ukraine, according to [[Volodymyr Zelensky|the president of Ukraine]] (early December 2024).<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/43466. Retrieved 2024-12-07</ref> Russia's military is still fighting in Syria (while also fighting in Ukraine).<ref>https://www.reuters.com/world/ukraine-says-syrian-collapse-shows-russia-cant-fight-two-fronts-2024-12-06/. Retrieved 2024-12-07</ref> [[Sergey Yevsyukov|The former chief]] "of the [[Olenivka prison]] was killed when his [[car bomb|car blew up]]; Furthermore, he had been accused of "the 2022 terrorist attack on Ukrainian prisoners of war", according to media.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/43557. Retrieved 2024-12-10</ref> ===January 2025=== [[Donald Trump]] became president of the United States (after being out of office, for 4 years). [[Pete Hegseth]] [later became] the [[ United States Secretary of Defense|chief of the U.S. department of defense]]<!--during the [[Template:Second Trump cabinet|the upcoming presidency of the U.S.]]; However, the [[U.S. senate]] has not held his [[confirmation hearing]] (as of 2024's fourth quarter)-->.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/42139. Retrieved 2024-11-13</ref><!--Trump will take office in January's third week.--> [[Keith Kellogg]] [became] the U.S. government's special [[envoy]] for Ukraine and Russia<!--[when Trump again takes office as president of the United States]-->.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/analysis/43236. Retrieved 2024-12-07</ref> ===February 2025=== "Ukraine [... got] its first [ [[Mirage 2000]] or] [[upgrade]]d Mirage 2000 fighter jets from France", according to media; Media did not say how many airplanes that Ukraine got from that first group (of those planes) that came to Ukraine.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/46674. Retrieved 2025-02-06</ref><!--About Ukraine's president meeting [[Donald Trump|the U.S. president]]: [[Donald Trump]] has said that they will probably--><ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/46795. Retrieved 2025-02-08</ref><!-- meet [between February 9 and February 15]--><!--next week-->. ===March 2025=== Drones from [[HUR]], [a [[Ukrainian agency]]], did strike a drone factory in Obukhovo, [[Kaluga Oblast|Kaluga oblast]], Russia; There were explosions and a fire at that industrial (place or) [[Location|site]].<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/48846. Retrieved 2025-03-13</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title= Ukrainian intel drones strike masked UAV plant in Russia’s Kaluga Oblast |url= https://english.nv.ua/nation/attack-on-kaluga-on-march-13-hur-drones-hit-disguised-uav-production-facility-in-russia-video-50497542.html |access-date=2025-03-13|work=The New Voice of Ukraine|language=en}}</ref> ===April 2025=== [[File:S 100B at Malmen 2010-06-13 1.jpg|thumb|Saab 340 AEW&C.<!--Old name:It is an [[AWACS]] airplane.-->]] A [[mineral]] [[deal]], the [[Ukraine–United States Mineral Resources Agreement]], was signed on April 30.<ref name="Tarasova-Markina_20250226"/><ref name=MinDealXfafj>{{Cite news| last1 = Abdurasulov| first1 = Abdujalil| last2 = Waterhouse| first2 = James| last3 = Jaroslav Lukiv| last4 = Zurcher| first4 = Anthony| title = Ukraine PM says minerals deal agreed with US| access-date = 2 March 2025| date = 26 February 2025| url = https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c337461n3xlo}}</ref> (See [[#Ideas_about_peace|Russian invasion of Ukraine§Ideas about peace]]) In regard to the U.S. government sending military aid, $50 million: The [U.S. government or the] [[Trump administration]] said (April 30) to the [[U.S. Congress]], that the government has an [[intention]] [or idea], of doing that;<!--The U.S. government said "yes", later that day--> ''[[Direct commercial sales]]'', is the kind of aid.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/51800. Retrieved 2025-05-01</ref> Ukraine got, earlier that month, an [ [[SAAB S-100|Argus radar airplane]] or] [[Saab 340 AEW&C]].<ref>{{cite news |author= Alex Stezhensky |title= 'It's not the Saab everyone was expecting.' What aircraft circled over Lviv Oblast and why — Zhyrokhov |url=https://english.nv.ua/nation/mystery-plane-over-lviv-was-not-swedish-saab-says-expert-zhyrokhov-50508172.html |website=The New Voice of Ukraine |date=22 April 2025 |accessdate=23 April 2025}}</ref> It is an [[Airborne early warning and control]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Airborne_early_warning_aircraft picture]) airplane. === May 2025 === Drones (from Ukraine's military) are "hitting missile production and energy [[facility|facilities]]", according to media; Furthermore, such drones "have [ [[contribution|contributed]] to, or] killed [[mobile internet]] for dozens of Russian cities and towns"; Furthermore, in regard to "[https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/stranded stranded] [ [[air travel|air travelers]], there are] tens of thousands of" those.<ref>[[Stefan Korshak]]. https://www.kyivpost.com/post/53244. Retrieved 2025-05-23</ref> There "are no more restrictions on [... Ukraine] using Western long-range [[weaponry]] against targets inside Russia", according to [[Friedrich Merz|Germany's chancellor]];<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/53440. Retrieved 2025-05-27</ref><ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/53385. Retrieved 2025-05-27</ref> However, Germany has not given long-range weapons (as of May). Earlier (May 24), 13 Ukrainians were killed by a Russian attack in [[Kyiv]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-24|title=Thirteen killed in wave of Russian attacks across Ukraine|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/russia-launches-major-aerial-attack-090738907.html|access-date=2025-05-25|website=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Soldak|first=Katya|title=Saturday, May 24. Russia’s War On Ukraine: News And Information From Ukraine|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/katyasoldak/2025/05/24/saturday-may-24-russias-war-on-ukraine-news-and-information-from-ukraine/|access-date=2025-05-25|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-24|title=Thirteen killed in wave of Russian attacks across Ukraine|url=https://www.aol.com/news/russia-launches-major-aerial-attack-090738825.html|website=AOL}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ukraine says new drone attack on Kyiv, warns of missile threat|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/world/ukraine-kyiv-drone-attack-warns-missile-threat-russia-5151751|access-date=2025-05-25|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> Hours later,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-24|title=Russia and Ukraine swap hundreds more prisoners hours after a massive attack on Kyiv|url=https://wsvn.com/news/us-world/russia-and-ukraine-swap-hundreds-more-prisoners-hours-after-a-massive-attack-on-kyiv/|access-date=2025-05-25|website=WSVN 7News {{!}} Miami News, Weather, Sports {{!}} Fort Lauderdale|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Adkins|first=Jay|date=2025-05-24|title=Russia and Ukraine swap hundreds more prisoners hours after a massive attack on Kyiv|url=https://www.wishtv.com/news/international/russia-and-ukraine-swap-hundreds-more-prisoners-hours-after-a-massive-attack-on-kyiv/|access-date=2025-05-25|website=Indianapolis News {{!}} Indiana Weather {{!}} Indiana Traffic {{!}} WISH-TV {{!}}|language=en-US}}</ref> hundreds (possibly even thousands<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-24|title=Inside Ukraine’s 1,000 for 1,000 POW swap with Russia|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/inside-ukraine-1-000-1-142730747.html|access-date=2025-05-25|website=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>) of [[Prisoner of war|Prisoners of War]] were switched between Russia and Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-24|title=Russia and Ukraine exchange hundreds more prisoners|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/russia-ukraine-exchange-hundreds-more-154714274.html|access-date=2025-05-25|website=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Press|first=The Associated|date=2025-05-24|title=Ukraine and Russia swap hundreds of prisoners after Kyiv attack|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/nation/2025/05/ukraine-and-russia-swap-hundreds-of-prisoners-after-kyiv-attack.html|access-date=2025-05-25|website=oregonlive|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Rai|first=Arpan|date=2025-05-24|title=Ukraine-Russia war latest: Kyiv and Moscow exchange dozens more prisoners after huge drone and missile strike|language=en|work=The Independent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ukraine-russia-war-live-prisoner-swap-map-drone-attack-b2757164.html|access-date=2025-05-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2025-05-24|title=Russia and Ukraine exchange hundreds more prisoners, hours after strike on Kyiv|language=en-CA|work=The Globe and Mail|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-russia-and-ukraine-exchange-hundreds-more-prisoners-hours-after-strike/|access-date=2025-05-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Russia and Ukraine swap hundreds more prisoners hours after a massive attack on Kyiv - National {{!}} Globalnews.ca|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/11195543/russia-ukraine-swap-kyiv/|access-date=2025-05-25|website=Global News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-24|title=Russia and Ukraine exchange another 307 prisoners in major swap deal|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/russia-ukraine-exchange-another-307-152432475.html|access-date=2025-05-25|website=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2025-05-24|title=Russia and Ukraine swap 307 soldiers on second day of POW exchange|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-ukraine-swap-307-soldiers-second-day-pow-exchange-2025-05-24/|access-date=2025-05-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-24|title=Russia launches huge drone attack on Ukraine even as prisoner swap runs smoothly|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/world/ukraine/kyiv-comes-large-scale-russian-drone-missile-attack-rcna208867|access-date=2025-05-25|website=NBC News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=AFP|first=Florent VERGNES, Daria ANDRIIEVSKA|date=2025-05-24|title=Russia strikes Kyiv as hundreds more POWs exchanged with Ukraine|url=https://www.the-messenger.com/news/national/article_c6b9daab-dd91-5268-8fc0-8d71ac268e2a.html|access-date=2025-05-25|website=The Messenger|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-24|title=News Wrap: Ukraine and Russia exchange hundreds of POWs|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/news-wrap-ukraine-and-russia-exchange-hundreds-of-pows|access-date=2025-05-25|website=PBS News|language=en-us}}</ref> === June 2025 === C. 20 Russian aircraft were hit, in a drone attack inside Russia; C. 10 of those aircraft were destroyed; The name of the attack is [[Operation Spiderweb]]. Russia shoots down 10 Ukrainian drones that were targetting Moscow.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-09|title=Ukraine's drone attack halts work at electronic plant in Chuvashia, Russia says|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/ukraines-drone-attack-halts-electronic-043019391.html|access-date=2025-06-12|website=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Russia claims to have shot down 10 Ukrainian drones targeting Moscow|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/6/8/russia-shoots-down-10-ukrainian-drones-targeting-moscow|access-date=2025-06-12|website=Al Jazeera|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-08|title=Part of prisoner swap, Moscow transports Ukrainian soldier remains|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/moscow-temporarily-closes-airports-ukraine-173218946.html|access-date=2025-06-12|website=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2025-06-08|title=Ukraine drone attack on Moscow forces airport closure, Russia says|language=en|work=The Straits Times|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/ukraine-drones-attack-on-moscow-forces-airport-closure-russia-says|access-date=2025-06-12|issn=0585-3923}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-09|title=Ukraine's General Staff confirms strike on Russian facility producing special receivers for Shahed drones|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/ukraines-general-staff-confirms-strike-063841696.html|access-date=2025-06-12|website=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref> Ukraine has also been launching attacks on Russian drone factories.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-09|title=Ukraine's General Staff confirms strike on Russian facility producing special receivers for Shahed drones|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/ukraines-general-staff-confirms-strike-063841696.html|access-date=2025-06-12|website=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-09|title=Ukrainian intelligence reveals components of new Russian AI-powered drone|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/ukrainian-intelligence-reveals-components-russian-140700563.html|access-date=2025-06-12|website=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-09|title=Russian defence plant on fire after attack – videos|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/russian-defence-plant-fire-attack-042956611.html|access-date=2025-06-12|website=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref><!--A study finds that the death count from the invasion is nearing 1.4 million.--><ref>{{Cite news|last=Cooper|first=Helene|date=2025-06-03|title=Troop Casualties in Ukraine War Near 1.4 Million, Study Finds|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/03/us/politics/russia-ukraine-troop-casualties.html|access-date=2025-06-12|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ====Front line and line-of-contact==== There have been changes on the [[front line]] (or [[zero-line]]),<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/51313. Retrieved 2025-04-27</ref> every month. * [[Lyptsi]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lyptsi map]), the line of control is near (as of 2024's second quarter)<ref name=VovChansk>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/32559. Retrieved 2024-05-13</ref> * [[Vovchansk]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vovchansk map]), the line of control is near (as of 2024's second quarter).<ref name=VovChansk/> The city is in [[Chuhuiv Raion|Chuhuiv raion]]. *The line of control goes into Russia (from the border), and thru parts of [[Kursk Oblast|Kursk oblast]]<!--and [[Belgorod Oblast|Belgorod oblast]]-->: **[[Snagost]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19686348 map]), village, near the line of control (as of 2024's third quarter) **[[Korenevo]] **[[Obshchy Kolodez]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18794019 map]), near the line of control (as of 2024's third quarter); The village is in [[Korenevsky District|Korenevsky district]]. **[[Sudzha]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sudzha map]), town, near the line of control (as of 2024's third quarter) *The line of control goes into Russia (from the border), and thru parts of [[Belgorod Oblast|Belgorod oblast]] (as of 2025's second quarter).<ref>https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/zelenskyj-melder-om-kraftige-angrep-i-ost-ukraina/s/5-95-2444698. Retrieved 2025-05-22</ref> *[[Oskil]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Oskol_River picture]); The river is near the line of contact (as of 2025's first quarter).<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/45187. Retrieved 2025-01-10</ref> **[[Dvorichna]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dvorichna map]); settlement to the West of the Oskil river. The line of contact is near (as of 2025's first quarter) *[[Kupiansk]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kupiansk map]), Ukraine; [near the line of contact as of 2024's third quarter]; The city is controlled by Ukrainian soldiers<!--The front line is around 8 km away (as of the last week of 2023)-->.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Waterhouse |first1=James |title=Ukraine war: The frontline city Russia could seize again |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-67801203 |website=BBC |accessdate=26 December 2023 |date=25 December 2023}}</ref> The city is in [[Kupiansk Raion|Kupiansk raion]]. *[[Synkivka]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420524 map]), is near the line of control (as of 2024's second quarter) *[[Krokhmalne]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4239912 map]), under Russian control as of 2024's first quarter;<ref>{{cite web |title=Russia-Ukraine war at a glance: what we know on day 698 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/jan/22/russia-ukraine-war-at-a-glance-what-we-know-on-day-698 |website=The Guardian |accessdate=22 January 2024 |date=22 January 2024}}</ref> The settlement is in [[Kupiansk Raion]], Kharkiv Oblast. *[[Tabaivka]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4449177 map]), a frontline village (as of 2024's first quarter);<ref>{{cite web |title=Russia 'Liberates One Of Last Frontline Areas'; Tabaivka 'Not Captured,' Cries Ukraine {{!}} Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/videos/russia-liberates-one-of-last-frontline-areas-tabaivka-not-captured-cries-ukraine-watch-101706585488134.html |website=Hindustan Times |accessdate=1 February 2024 |language=en |date=30 January 2024}}</ref> It is in Kupiansk Raion. Some of the Donetsk front is on the eastern front. *[[Bohdanivka, Bakhmut Raion, Donetsk Oblast|Bohdanivka]], the village is on the frontline (as of 2024's first quarter). The settlement [[Khromove]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4070460 map]) in] [[Bakhmut Raion]], is behind Russian lines (as of 2024's second); the line of contact [was] near (as of the last week of 2023)<ref name="ISW3dec27">{{cite web |title=Ukraine Conflict Updates |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/ukraine-conflict-updates |website=Institute for the Study of War |accessdate=28 December 2023 |language=en |date=15 August 2022}}</ref> *[[Chasiv Yar]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chasiv_Yar map]), near the line of contact (as of 2024's third quarter) *[[Ivanivske, Donetsk Oblast|Ivanivske]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ivanivske_(Bakhmut_Raion) map]), the line of contact is near (as of 2024's first quarter)<ref name=KrynkyIvanivaske/> /[[Yahidne]], controlled by Russia<ref name=BBCberkYah/> [as of 2024's first quarter]<!--Bahkmut ("municipality")--> *[[Toretsk]], near the line of contact (as of 2025's first quarter) *[[Horlivka]]; The line of contact is near (as of 2024's first quarter).<ref>https://newsukraine.rbc.ua/news/russia-ukraine-war-frontline-update-as-of-1708625088.html. Retrieved 26 February 2024</ref> The city is in [[Horlivka Raion]]. *[[Novokalynove]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4324166 map]) or Novokalynovo, controlled by Ukraine (as of 2024's first quarter);<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/27639. Retrieved2024-02-05</ref> The village is in [[Pokrovsk Raion|Pokrovsk raion]] *[[Avdiivka]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q791673 map]), the line of contact is near (as of 2023's last week)<ref name=ISW3dec27/> *[[Donetsk]] City;<!--the line of contact is near (as of 2023's last week);<ref name=ISW3dec27/>--> Russia controls the city as of 2025. *[[Ocheretyne]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ocheretyne map]), [near the line of contact, as of 2024's fourth quarter]<!--one of the "frontline communities"--><ref>https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/ukraine-health-cluster-bulletin-1-january-2024-enuk. Retrieved 27 February 2024</ref> and [[Berdyche]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Berdychi map]) and [[Stepove, Donetsk Oblast|Stepove]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4361401 map]), [near the line of contact, as of 2024's second quarter];<ref>[https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2024/01/18/racing-back-and-forth-along-a-single-road-in-stepove-the-ukrainians-knock-out-11-russian-vehicles-for-every-one-they-lose/ Racing Back And Forth Along A Single Road In Stepove, The Ukrainians Knock Out 13 Russian Vehicles For Every One They Lose]. [[Forbes]].com. Retrieved 4 February 2024</ref> the villages are in [[Pokrovsk Raion|Pokrovsk raion]]. *[[Oputne]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4335583 map]), controlled by Russia (as of 2024's first quarter)<ref name=Post240203>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/27574. Retrieved 4 February 2024</ref> *[[Umanske]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4475307 map]), the line of contact is near (as of 2024's second quarter)<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2024/03/31/the-russian-army-just-launched-the-biggest-tank-assault-of-the-war/?sh=67a31c2a6e67. Retrieved 2024-04-02</ref> /[[Tonenke]], the line of contact is near (as of 2024's first quarter)<ref>https://yle.fi/a/74-20010573/64-3-217144?utm_medium=social&utm_source=copy-link-share. Retrieved 2024-03-21</ref> *[[Pervomaiske, Pokrovsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast|Pervomaiske]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4349529 map]), near the line of contact (as of 2024's first quarter)<!--*[[Pervomaiske]] , controlled by Ukraine as of 2024's first week--> *[[Baranivka]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Baranivka,_Pokrovsk_Raion map]) and [[Novooleksandrivka, Hrodivka settlement hromada|Novooleksandrivka]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Novooleksandrivka,_Hrodivka_Hromada]), near the line of contact (as of 2024's third quarter)<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/36464. Retrieved 2024-07-27</ref> *[[Lozuvatske]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4265544 map]), near the line of contact (as of 2024's third quarter) *[[Ivanivka, Donetsk Oblast|Ivanivka]]([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ivanivka,_Hrodivka_Hromada map]) and [[Prohres]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Prohres,_Pokrovsk_Raion map]),<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2024/07/25/a-day-after-getting-surrounded-near-prohres-two-ukrainian-battalions-overruled-their-commander-and-fought-their-way-to-safety/. Retrieved 2024-07-26</ref> and [[Sokil, Donetsk Oblast|Sokil]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4426969 map]) and Voskhod, near the line of contact (as of 2024's third quarter) *[[Hrodivka]] and [[Vesele, Donetsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast|Vesele]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4109826 map]) and [[Vovche]]; They are near the line of contact (as of 2024's third quarter);<ref>https://deepstatemap.live/#12/48.2485689/37.4204636. Retrieved 2024-07-26</ref> The settlements are in Pokrovsk raion. *[[Pokrovsk, Ukraine|Pokrovsk]], c. 8 km from the line of contact (as of 2024's third quarter)<ref>https://www.nrk.no/urix/ukraina-har-mistet-pokrovsk-som-forsyningsby-i-donetsk-1.17030960. Retrieved 2024-09-05</ref><ref>['Russia makes armored attacks west of Avdijivka, Ukraine defends itself along the river line'] [https://yle.fi/a/74-20010573 Venäjä tekee panssarihyökkäyksiä Avdijivkan länsipuolella, Ukraina puolustautuu jokilinjalla]. Retrieved 2024-04-11</ref> The ''Pokrovsk sector'',<ref name=Sectors24>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/43259. Retrieved 2024-12-04</ref> is a name for part of the frontline. *[[Shevchenko, Donetsk Oblast|Shevchenko]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shevchenko_(rural_settlement) map]), near the line of contact (2025's second quarter)<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/55346. Retrieved 2025-06-28</ref> *[[Nevelske]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4315655 map]),<ref name=Post240203/> controlled by Ukraine as of (2024's first quarter); It is in [[Pokrovsk Raion]]. *[[Krasnohorivka]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Krasnohorivka map]); The line of contact is near (as of 2024's third quarter).<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/37345. Retrieved 2024-08-13</ref> *[[Marinka, Ukraine|Marinka]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Maryinka map]); As of 2023's last week, the line of contact runs (or goes) thru the [[outskirt]]s of the city; The city is in<!--[[Marinka (hromada)|Marinka ("municipality")]],--> [[Pokrovsk Raion]]. There are almost no Ukrainian soldiers left in the city (as of December 2023).<ref>https://direkte.vg.no/nyhetsdognet/news/ukrainske-styrker-har-trukket-seg-ut-av-marjinka.LdqFmsE7G?utm_source=vgfront&utm_content=hovedlopet_row4_pos1&utm_medium=dre-658b2d17e6b0b393715577bc. [[VG]].no. Retrieved 27 December 2023</ref> *[[Heorhiivka, Pokrovsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast|Heorhiivka]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Heorhiivka,_Pokrovsk_Raion map]), near the line of contact (as of 2024's second quarter) *[[Novomykhailivka, Pokrovsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast|Novomykhailivka]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4324526 map]), near the line of contact (as of 2023's fourth quarter); The village is in [[Pokrovsk Raion]] {{CSS image crop |Image = 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.svg |bSize = 2400 |cWidth = 300 |cHeight = 250 |oLeft = 1710 |Description = The Zaporizhzhia front and some of the Donetsk front, are part of the Southern front. (The map is from {{Date}}.) Pryiutne is on the Zaporizhzhia frontline, while Staromaiorske is on the Donetsk frontline. |Location = right |oTop = 900 }} *[[Vuhledar]], near the line of contact (as of 2024's fourth quarter). Some of the Donetsk front is on the [[Warfare in southern Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War|Southern front]]. *[[Novyi Komar]], [[Volnovakha Raion|Volnovakha raion]]; near the line of contact (2024's fourth quarter)<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/43365. Retrieved 2024-12-05</ref> *[[Velyka Novosilka]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4326671 map]), the settlement is near the line of control (as of 2024's fourth quarter) *[[Urozhaine]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Urozhaine,_Volnovakha_Raion map]), controlled by Ukraine [as of 2024's first quarter];<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kyivpost.com/analysis/22597 |title=Analysis: How Wild Hornet Drones Helped Stop Russian Attack at Urozhaine |first=Alex |last=Roslin |date=11 October 2023 |website=Kyiv Post |accessdate=26 February 2024}}</ref> It is in [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Velyka_Novosilka_Hromada Velyka Novosilka] ("municipality"), [[Volnovakha Raion|Volnovakha]];<ref>{{Cite web |last=NTB |date=16 August 2023 |title=Ukraina hevder å ha gjenerobret landsby |url=https://www.nettavisen.no/5-95-1267532|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Nettavisen |language=no}}</ref> The settlement is in the ''Berdiansk direction'' (of the counteroffensive). *[[Staromaiorske]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Staromaiorske#/map/0/12/47.7851/36.7113 map]); The line of control is near<!--controlled by Ukraine; [[Advance]] in southwest direction--> [as of 2024's second quarter]<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/27495. Retrieved 3 February 2024</ref> Zaporizhzhia front is part of the [[Warfare in southern Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War|Southern front]]. *[[Novodarivka, Zaporizhzhia Oblast|Novodarivka]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4323563 map]), near the line of contact (as of 2024's fourth quarter); The line is part of the ''Vremivka sector''<ref name=Sectors24/> *[[Pryiutne]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pryiutne map]),controlled by Russia [as of 2024's first quarter];<ref name="ISW August 23">{{cite web |last1=Stepanenko |first1=Kateryna |last2=Bailey |first2=Riley |last3=Wolkov |first3=Nicole |last4=Evans |first4=Angelica |last5=Mappes |first5=Grace |last6=Kagan |first6=Frederick W. |title=Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, August 23, 2023 |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-august-23-2023 |website=[[Institute for the Study of War]] |access-date=24 August 2023 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20230824022243/https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-august-23-2023|archive-date=24 August 2023}}</ref> The village is in [[Polohy Raion|Polohy raion]]. *[[Chervone, Polohy Raion|Chervone]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chervone,_Polohy_Raion map]), near the line of control (as of 2024's third quarter) *[[Huliaipole]], near the line of control (as of 2024's third quarter) *[[Charivne]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Charivne,_Huliaipole_Raion map]), near the line of control (as of 2024's third quarter). The line is part of the ''Orikhiv sector''. *[[Mala Tokmachka]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mala_Tokmachka map]), village, near the line of control (as of 2024's third quarter) *[[Novoprokopivka]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4325070 map]),<ref>{{cite web |last1=Maliar |first1=Hanna |title=Defense forces gaining foothold on Novodanylivka–Novoprokopivka section – Maliar |url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3755375-defense-forces-gaining-foothold-on-novodanylivkanovoprokopivka-section-maliar.html |website=[[Ukrinform]] |date=31 August 2023 |access-date=31 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Pruchnicka |first1=Anna |last2=Richardson |first2=Alex |title=Ukraine reports some battlefield 'successes' in the south, east |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraine-reports-some-battlefield-successes-south-east-2023-08-31/ |website=[[Reuters]] |access-date=31 August 2023}}</ref> controlled by Russia [as of 2024's first quarter]; The village is in [[Polohy Raion|Polohy raion]]. *[[Levadne]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Levadne,_Huliaipole_Raion map]), near the line of contact (as of 2024's third quarter)<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/42213. Retrieved 2024-11-14</ref> *[[Verbove]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Verbove,_Polohy_Raion map]), controlled by Russia [as of 2024's first quarter];<ref name="ISW August 30"/><ref name="ISW August 29">{{cite web |last1=Stepanenko |first1=Kateryna |last2=Wolkov |first2=Nicole |last3=Evans |first3=Angelica |last4=Harward |first4=Christina |last5=Kagan |first5=Frederick W. |title=Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, August 29, 2023 |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-august-29-2023 |website=[[Institute for the Study of War]] |access-date=30 August 2023}}</ref> The settlement is in Polohy ("municipality"), Polohy, Zaporizhzhia.<!--Media said (in June) that it is on "the Mala Tokmachka-Polohy line".--><ref name=":0"/><!--[[Mala Tokmachka]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mala_Tokmachka map]) is in [[Polohy Raion|Polohy raion]], Zaporizhia--> *[[Robotyne]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4386777 map]), [the line of contact is near]<!--controlled by Ukraine--> (as of 2024's first quarter);<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/27589. Retrieved 4 February 2024</ref><ref name=ISW3dec27/> The settlement is in [[Tokmak (hromada)|Tokmak ("municipality")]], Polohy; The settlement is in the ''Melitopol direction'' (of the counteroffensive).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ukrainian troops reportedly break through Russian defences in Zaporizhzhia |url=https://news.sky.com/story/ukrainian-troops-reportedly-break-through-russian-defences-in-zaporizhzhia-12928398 |first=Michael |last=Drummond |work=[[Sky News]] |date=27 July 2023 |access-date=27 July 2023}}</ref><!--Media has saidthat Robotyne is on "the Mala Tokmachka-Polohy line".--><ref name=":0"/> *[[Piatykhatky]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4385883 map]), controlled by Ukraine [as of 2024's first quarter]; The settlement is in [[Stepnohirsk (hromada)|Stepnohirsk ("municipality")]], [[Vasylivka Raion|Vasylivka]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukrainian-forces-take-control-piatykhatky-village-zaporizhzhia-front-russian-2023-06-18/ |title=Ukrainian forces take control of Piatykhatky village on Zaporizhzhia front, Russian-installed official says |date=18 June 2023 |website=Reuters}}</ref> *[[Lobkove]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4264770 map]), controlled by Ukraine [as of 2024's first quarter];<ref name="ISW June 11"/><ref name="ISW June 9">{{cite web |last1=Bailey |first1=Riley |last2=Stepanenko |first2=Kateryna |last3=Mappes |first3=Grace |last4=Wolkov |first4=Nicole |last5=Ganzeveld |first5=Annika |last6=Clark |first6=Mason |title=Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, June 9, 2023 |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-june-9-2023 |access-date=10 June 2023 |website=[[Institute for the Study of War]]}}</ref> The settlement is in the ''Melitopol direction'' (of the counteroffensive). *[[Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant]]; It is shut down and, on the frontline, (as of 2024's first quarter).<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/29092. Retrieved 7 March 2024</ref> In [[Kherson Oblast]], there is a line of contact in *the [[Krynky]] sector ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Krynky map]) has at least one Ukrainian [ [[outpost]] or] ''bridgehead'' (outside or in<ref name=KrynkyIvanivaske>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/28628. Retrieved 26 February 2024</ref> the village, as of 2024's first quarter).<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/29207. Retrieved 2024-03-08</ref><ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/26857. Retrieved 4 February 2024</ref> It is in [[Oleshky (hromada)|Oleshky]] ("municipality"), [[Kherson Raion|Kherson raion]].<ref>https://yle.fi/a/74-20078146. Retrieved 8 March 2024</ref><ref>Dmytro Basmat (24 December 2023). "ISW: Russia confirms use of prohibited chemical weapons in Kherson Oblast". The Kyiv Independent. Retrieved 24 December 2023.</ref> [[File:View_of_Kherson_and_Antonovskiy_bridge,_2006.jpg|thumb|Dachi (village) touches the bridgehead on the left side of the picture. [[Antonivka]] (town in Kherson "municipality") is on the right. In the picture, the river is flowing to the West before it turns to the South.]] <!--[[File:Map of the war in Donbass.svg|thumb|Eastern Ukraine, 13 August 2023]]--> [[File:Westwall03.jpg|thumb|Dragon's teeth (Picture from Germany)]] *[[Dachi]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120122836#/map/0 map]), controlled by Ukraine [as of 2024's first quarter]; The settlement is in [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kherson_Hromada Kherson ("municipality")], [[Kherson Raion|Kherson raion]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jun/26/ukrainian-troops-reportedly-reclaim-territory-in-kherson-province |title=Ukrainian troops reportedly reclaim territory in Kherson province |first=Luke |last=Harding |date=26 June 2023 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Leatherby |first1=Lauren |last2=Gamio |first2=Lazaro |last3=Hernandez |first3=Marco |last4=Willis |first4=Haley |title=Mapping the Flooding From the Dam Breach in Southern Ukraine |work=The New York Times |date=6 June 2023 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/06/world/ukraine-dam-flooding-maps.html |access-date=27 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, April 23, 2023 |url=https://understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-april-23-2023 |website=[[Institute for the Study of War]] |access-date=25 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ukraine's Military Advances to East Bank of Dnieper River |url=https://www.democracynow.org/2023/4/25/headlines/ukraines_military_advances_to_east_bank_of_dnieper_river |website=[[Democracy Now!]] |access-date=25 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Russian shelling as Ukraine forces reportedly cross Dnieper River |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/24/russia-shelling-amid-report-ukraine-forces-crossed-dnipro-river |website=[[Al Jazeera]] |access-date=25 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Expectations Rise Of Ukrainian Counteroffensive After Unconfirmed Reports Of Dnieper Crossing |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-sanctions-fighting-donetsk/32375646.html |website=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |access-date=25 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ukrainian troop positions spark counteroffensive speculation |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/04/23/ukrainian-forces-reportedly-cross-a-key-river-raising-hopes-.html |website=[[CNBC]] |date=23 April 2023 |access-date=25 April 2023}}</ref> [[File:Ragoeser-damm-2.jpg|thumb|A [[berm]] is a kind of [[Defensive wall|barrier]]. Berms are often made of earth/[[soil]], that has been [[compacting|compacted]]. Berms are level, and sometimes they get put on the side of a hill. Berms can be used as a defense line (or [[fortification]] line). (The picture, from Germany, shows one berm that is [[Soil|dirt]]-colored, and another berm to its left (and farther down the hill).]] "The [[defensive line]]s" of the Russian forces have [[landmine|mines]] that can stop soldiers and mines that can stop vehicles; The lines also have "[[trench]]es [...], [[razor wire]], earthen [[berm]]s and [[dragon's teeth]]" for [[obstruction|obstructing]] (or getting in the way of) [[infantry]] and [[battle tank]]s and [[Military_vehicle#Types_of_military_vehicles#Combat vehicles|armored personnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Zafra |first1=Mariano |last2=McClure |first2=Jon |last3=Zafra |first3=Mariano |last4=McClure |first4=Jon |last5=Zafra |first5=Mariano |last6=McClure |first6=Jon |last7=Zafra |first7=Mariano |last8=McClure |first8=Jon |date=26 June 2023 |title=Mapping Ukraine's counteroffensive |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/graphics/UKRAINE-CRISIS/MAPS/klvygwawavg/|access-date=8 September 2023}}</ref> Those defensive lines "are over 24 km deep in some" places (as of July 2023).<ref name="July14Ref"/> Mines have been put on top of mines, and that destroys (or breaks) equipment for [[mine clearing]].<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66306150. [[BBC]].com. Retrieved 28 July 2023</ref><!--Lines of [[fortification]]s have been made by the Russian forces, in parts of Ukraine that are under occupation.--> [[Highway M14 (Ukraine)|Highway M14]] is the main line of [[supply]] for Russian soldiers in Crimea; The highway goes in a western direction from Melitopol; The highway is not within range, of the places from which Ukraine is using [[M142 HIMARS|HIMARS]] [and M270] vehicles to launch [GMLRS] rockets (as of 2023's third quarter).<ref>https://www.vg.no/nyheter/utenriks/i/Mobkno/ekspertene-dette-maa-til-for-at-ukraina-skal-vinne-motoffensiven. [[VG]].no. Retrieved 8 September 2023</ref><ref>https://cepa.org/article/ukraine-victory-is-closer-than-you-think/. Cepa.org. Retrieved 8 September 2023</ref><ref>https://www.wsj.com/world/europe/ukraine-fights-to-widen-its-puncture-of-russian-front-lines-141459a6. WSJ.com. Retrieved 8 September 2023</ref> =====Ukrainian counteroffensive===== In [[Belgorod Oblast|Belgorod oblast]] (Russia), Ukrainian soldiers are continuing a counter-offensive (as of 2025's second quarter).<ref>https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/zelenskyj-bekrefter-ukrainske-soldater-i-belgorod-i-russland/s/5-95-2379417. Retrieved 2025-</ref> [As of 2025's second quarter], Ukraine is continuing its counter-offensive<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cze5pkg5jwlo. Retrieved 2024-08-14</ref> in [[Kursk Oblast|Kursk oblast]], Russia.<ref>https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20250105-ukraine-launches-counterattack-kursk-border-region-russia. Retrieved 2025-02-16</ref> Russia took control of some villages in eastern Ukraine [as late as 2025's second quarter].<ref>https://www.newsweek.com/russia-donetsk-ukraine-chasiv-yar-toretsk-2028402. Retrieved 2025-02-16</ref> Ukraine took back a village (that it lost in early 2025).<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/47228. Retrieved 2025-02-16</ref> Earlier (and as of August 2024), the frontline was no longer frozen, according to media<!--(as of the second week of August 2024)-->.<ref>https://www.nettavisen.no/norsk-debatt/ukraina-har-invadert-russland-svart-ydmykende-for-putin/o/5-95-1951026. Retrieved 2024-08-09</ref> Earlier (and during the last week of 2023), the [[counter-offensive]] in eastern Ukraine, [had] (lost its [[momentum]], or slowed down a lot, or) "stalled [... and there was a] "little-changed [[line of control]]", according to [[analysis]] on [[BBC]]'s website.<ref name=2023DecMilAid>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-67830918. Retrieved 28 December 2023</ref> Large military gains seemed to have stopped some time earlier.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><!--The Ukrainian counteroffensive effectively stalled, with many--><!--Some have (said or) described the war as a [[stalemate]].--><!--, with some saying the war had entered a [[stalemate]]. --><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |date=11 November 2023 |title=As its counteroffensive stalls, Ukraine signals readiness for a long war |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/11/as-its-counteroffensive-stalls-ukraine-signals-readiness-for-a-long-war|access-date=20 December 2023 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=News |first=A. B. C. |title=Ukraine general's view of war 'stalemate' appears to be recognition of failed counteroffensive: Reporter's Notebook |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/ukraine-generals-view-war-stalemate-appears-recognition-failed/story?id=104576525|access-date=20 December 2023 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news |title=The war in Ukraine may be heading for stalemate |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/the-world-ahead/2023/11/13/the-war-in-ukraine-may-be-heading-for-stalemate|access-date=20 December 2023 |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Ukrainian soldiers are attacking in the [[Melitopol]] direction from western Zaporizhia oblast, and they are also attacking "in the [[Berdyansk]]" direction, from eastern Zaporizhia oblast and western Donetsk oblast.<ref name="July14Ref">{{Cite web |title=Institute for the Study of War |url=http://dev-isw.bivings.com/|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Institute for the Study of War |language=en|archive-date=25 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325065358/https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-march-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> Settlements that have been [https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/liberate liberated] (during the 2023 counteroffensive), or those where [[Military occupation|occupation]] forces have left: *Stroivka ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4444096 map]) *Topoli ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6697465 map]) *[[Novoiehorivka]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4410130#/map/0 map]), [[Kolomyichykha (hromada)|Kolomyichykha (''hromada'']], similar to municipality),<!--Do not change "''hromada'', similar to municipality" - without consensus on talk page--> [[Svatove Raion|Svatove]], Lukhansk;<ref name="ISW August 6">{{cite web |last1=Bailey |first1=Riley |last2=Barros |first2=George |last3=Wolkov |first3=Nicole |last4=Harward |first4=Christina |last5=Stepanenko |first5=Kateryna |last6=Kagan |first6=Frederick W. |title=Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, August 6, 2023 |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-august-6-2023 |website=[[Institute for the Study of War]] |access-date=7 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://24tv.ua/karta-boyovih-diy-ukrayini-zsu-zvilnili-staromayorske_n2363230 |title=ЗСУ звільнили Старомайорське та відбили Новоєгорівку: зміна карти фронту за тиждень |date=1 August 2023 |website=24 Канал}}</ref> In 2023, Ukraine lost control of the village, but later took back control. *[[Zaliznianske]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4185410#/map/0 map]), [[Soledar (hromada)|Soledar]] ("municipality"), [[Bakhmut Raion|Bakhmut]], Donetsk<ref name="ISW July 16">{{cite web |last1=Stepanenko |first1=Kateryna |last2=Bailey |first2=Riley |last3=Mappes |first3=Grace |last4=Wolkov |first4=Nicole |last5=Kagan |first5=Frederick W. |title=Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, July 16, 2023 |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-july-16-2023 |website=[[Institute for the Study of War]] |access-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>[[File:Liberation of Klishchiivka, 2023-09-17 (01).jpg|Ukrainian soldiers after taking back control of Klishchiivka|thumb]] *[[Klishchiivka]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Klishchiivka map]), [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bakhmut_Hromada#/map/0 Bakhmut ("municipality")],<ref>{{cite web |title=Ukrainian forces gain ground near Klishchiivka on Bakhmut front – Ukraine's General Staff |url=https://news.yahoo.com/ukrainian-forces-gain-ground-near-074600329.html |website=[[Ukrayinska Pravda]] |date=5 July 2023 |publisher=[[Yahoo! News]] |access-date=5 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Korshak |first1=Stefan |title=Ukraine Makes Further Gains Amid Heavy Fighting Around Bakhmut |url=https://www.kyivpost.com/post/19062 |website=[[Kyiv Post]] |date=4 July 2023 |access-date=5 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Vasilyeva |first1=Nataliya |title=Russia 'flees key village' as Ukraine edges closer to regaining Bakhmut |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/07/05/ukraine-klishchiivka-bakhmut-russia-troops-flee-village/ |website=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=5 July 2023 |access-date=5 July 2023}}</ref> *[[Andriivka, Bakhmut Raion, Donetsk Oblast|Andriivka]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4065574 map]), Bakhmut ("municipality") *Urozhaine and Staromaiorske and [[Makarivka]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Makarivka,_Donetsk_Oblast map]) and Blahodatne ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Blahodatne,_Velyka_Novosilka_Hromada map]) and [[Storozheve]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4443111 map]) and [[Neskuchne]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Neskuchne,_Volnovakha_Raion map])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guerre en Ukraine: Kiev revendique la libération d'un nouveau village dans la région de Donetsk |url=https://www.bfmtv.com/international/europe/ukraine/guerre-en-ukraine-kiev-revendique-la-liberation-d-un-nouveau-village-dans-la-region-de-donetsk_AN-202306110352.html |access-date=11 June 2023 |website=BFMTV |language=fr}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=11 June 2023 |title=Frontline report: Ukrainians continue advances on southern front near Velyka Novosilka |url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2023/06/11/frontline-report-ukrainians-continue-advances-on-southern-front-near-velyka-novosilka/ |access-date=11 June 2023 |website=euromaidanpress |archive-date=11 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611090315/https://euromaidanpress.com/2023/06/11/frontline-report-ukrainians-continue-advances-on-southern-front-near-velyka-novosilka/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Blahodatne">{{cite web |title=Ukrainian Armed Forces liberate Blahodatne in Donetsk Oblast |url=https://news.yahoo.com/ukrainian-armed-forces-liberate-blahodatne-090706551.html |website=[[Yahoo! News]] |date=11 June 2023 |publisher=[[Ukrainska Pravda]] |access-date=11 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Zoria |first1=Yuri |title=Ukrainian army liberates Blahodatne in southwestern Donetsk Oblast – 68th Jaeger Brigade |url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2023/06/11/ukrainian-army-liberates-blahodatne-in-southwestern-donetsk-oblast-68th-jaeger-brigade/ |website=[[Euromaidan Press]] |date=11 June 2023 |access-date=11 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ukraine forces liberate village of Blahodatne |url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3721293-ukraine-forces-liberate-village-of-blahodatne.html |website=[[Ukrinform]] |date=11 June 2023 |access-date=11 June 2023}}</ref><ref name="ISW July 27">{{cite web |last1=Hird |first1=Karolina |last2=Bailey |first2=Riley |last3=Mappes |first3=Grace |last4=Evans |first4=Angelica |last5=Harward |first5=Christina |last6=Kagan |first6=Frederick W. |title=Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment July 27, 2023 |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-july-27-2023 |website=[[Insitiute for the Study of War]] |access-date=28 July 2023}}</ref><ref name="ISW July 16" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Ukraine reports small advances against Russian forces |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraine-reports-small-advances-against-russian-forces-2023-07-25/ |website=Reuters |author=Anna Pruchnicka |date=25 July 2023 |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref> *[[Rivnopil]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rivnopil,_Velyka_Novosilka_Hromada map]) *[[Novodarivka]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4323563 map]), [[Malynivka (hromada)|Malynivka ("municipality")]], [[Polohy Raion|Polohy]];<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2023 |title=Ukraine's military confirms liberation of Novodarivka in Zaporizhzhia Oblast |url=https://kyivindependent.com/ukrainian-military-confirms-liberation-of/|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=The Kyiv Independent |language=en}}</ref> The settlement is in the ''Berdiansk direction'' (of the counteroffensive). *Levadne<ref name=Levadne>{{Cite news |date=12 June 2023 |title=ТСН |language=Ukrainian |url=https://tsn.ua/ato/zsu-za-tizhden-zvilnili-7-naselenih-punktiv-u-minoboroni-rozpovili-pro-uspihi-pid-chas-nastupu-2348773.html|access-date=8 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2023 |title=Ukraine advanced 6.5 km, liberated seven settlements over a week – Defense Ministry |url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2023/06/12/ukraine-advanced-6-5-km-liberated-seven-settlements-over-a-week-defense-ministry/|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Euromaidan Press |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="July14Ref"/><ref name="July14Ref"/> *Robotyne *Piatykhatky and Lobkove and Dachi ==Supplying weapons and other military equipment== The United States and European countries are taking supplies to an airport near the Ukrainian border - but on the outside of Ukraine;<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/50426. Retrieved 2025-04-09</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dalløkken |first=Per Erlien |date=3 March 2022 |title=De norske panservern-våpnene er levert – 80 kilometer fra Ukraina-grensa |url=https://www.tu.no/artikler/de-norske-panservern-vapnene-er-levert-80-kilometer-fra-ukraina-grensa/517797|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Tu.no}}</ref><ref name=NearBorder/> Things that are being [[Logistics|supplied]] are [[anti-tank rocket]]s, [[Stinger rocket]]s (can be used against aircraft, and can be fired while resting on the shoulder of a soldier), [ [[battle tank]]s and other] [[combat vehicle|armoured vehicle]]s; [[automatic weapon]]s, ammunition, [[MRE]]s (food for soldiers, and the food does not need [more] cooking before eating), and fuel.<ref name="NearBorder">{{Cite web |date=6 March 2022 |title=Vestlige våpen dukker raskt og diskret opp ved Ukrainas grense |url=https://www.dagsavisen.no/nyheter/verden/2022/03/06/vestlige-vapen-dukker-raskt-og-diskret-opp-ved-ukrainas-grense/|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Dagsavisen |language=no}}</ref> Another [[Ramstein meeting]] started<!--is supposed to happen--> in February 2025<!--the second week of October--><!--However, it got canceled, according to media.-->. An earlier meeting was the 25th meeting of the [[Ukraine Defense Contact Group]], <ref name=HostAustin>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/38559. Retrieved 2024-09-06</ref> also known as the Ramstein group.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/45137. Retrieved 2025-01-09</ref><ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/44864. Retrieved 2025-01-03</ref><ref>https://www.rferl.org/a/ramstein-meeting-on-ukraine-cancelled-nato-sources-tell-rfe-rl/33152025.html. Retrieved 2024-10-09</ref><ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/40106. Retrieved 2024-10-07</ref> The meetings are for [[coordination|co-ordinating]] sending more military equipment to Ukraine. Earlier (September 2024), the host of the meeting was the [[Lloyd Austin|chief of defense (United States)]].<ref name=HostAustin/> The [[alliance]] has 54 countries, as of 2023; The group is led by the [[UK]] (as of 2025).<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/46703. Retrieved 2025-02-07</ref><ref>https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/02/allies-consider-moving-ukraine-arms-group-into-nato-to-shield-it-from-trump-00150151. Retrieved 2024-04-03</ref> There has been a meeting, about every month.<!--Earlier (September 2023), there was a meeting.--><ref name=14JulPlusSept>https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/ukrainas-tidligere-forsvarsminister-med-advarsel-til-allierte/s/5-95-1317045. [[Nettavisen]].no. Retrieved 8 September 2023</ref><!--An earlier meeting (July 2023) was the group's 14th (meeting).--><!--It does not take a long time for the rockets to be moved into Ukraine, media said.<ref name=NearBorder--> In regard to [[M86 Pursuit Deterrent Munition]]: U.S. authorities have said "yes" to Ukraine's forces to get those landmines.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/42560. Retrieved 2024-11-20</ref> [[File:Tomahawk_Block_IV_cruise_missile_-crop.jpg|thumb|right|[[Tomahawk (missile family)|Tomahawk rocket]]]] In regard to [[Tomahawk (missile family)|Tomahawk rocket]]s: Ukraine has asked (2024) for some (of those) rockets that can go 2,400 kilometers (1,500 miles)..<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/41384. Retrieved 2024-10-31</ref> [[File:AGM-154 01.jpg|thumb|JSOW, or ''Joint Standoff Weapon''. (Picture from a United States Navy ship)]] [[AGM-154 Joint Standoff Weapon|Joint Standoff Weapon]]<!--([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/AGM-154_Joint_Standoff_Weapon picture])--> or JSOW, is a kind of [[glide bomb]] that Ukraine is going to receive, according to U.S. authorities (September 2024).<ref>https://www.reuters.com/world/biden-announces-8-billion-military-aid-ukraine-2024-09-26/. Retrieved 2024-09-26</ref> "India has continued [as of September 2024] to allow the supply of Indian-made artillery shells to Ukraine", according to media. Furthermore, "European buyers have been [[transfer]]ring these shells to Ukraine for over a year".<ref name=ModiVisit2024>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/39225. Retrieved 2024-09-19</ref> "The leaders of the US and UK met in Washington (earlier in September 2024), [... to make] a decision to allow Ukraine to use [[Storm Shadow]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Storm_Shadow picture]) long-range missiles on Russian territory"; The decision is [delayed or] [[postponement|postponed]]<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/38971. Retrieved 2024-09-14</ref> (as of the first half of September). [[Manufacturing|Production]] of 155 mm artillery shells, has started in Ukraine, according to [[Oleksandr Kamyshin]] (an advisor to the president of Ukraine)].<ref>https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/ukraina-har-startet-egen-produksjon-av-155-mm-artillerigranater/s/5-95-2013618. Retrieved 2024-09-14</ref> Earlier in 2024, "Leaked Russian state documents [... say that Russia] secretly [... got]<!--[[acquisition|acquired]]--> [[Sensitivity (information)|sensitive]] [things or] [[goods]] from India to support its war in Ukraine", according to media; [[Sanction]] that have been put in place by [[Western nations]], were bypassed.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/38474. Retrieved 2024-09-05</ref> In November 2023, the US government told about a (new) $100 million military aid package to Ukraine that is supposed to include: a new [[HIMARS]] launcher that media says is able to launch [[GLSDB]] (or [[Ground Launched Small Diameter Bomb]]) missiles; The aid package will also have Stinger missiles and [[TOW]] missiles and 105 mm and 155mm [[shell (projectile)|shells]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 November 2023 |url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2023/11/20/us-aid-package-includes-himars-launcher-possibly-for-glsdb/ |title=Ukraine retrieves bodies of 94 fallen soldiers |author=YURI ZORIA |work=euromaidanpress |access-date= 20 November 2023}}</ref> [[Finland]]'s government is going to double [multiply by 2] the production of "155mm [[artillery]] [[shell (projectile)|shells]] as well as 81mm and 120mm [[Mortar (weapon)|mortar]]" shells; Because of that, the government will invest " over $ 130 million over the next three to four years".<ref>https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2023/12/14/finland-to-double-ammunition-production-build-new-factories/. Defensenews.com. Retrieved 23 December 2023</ref> Regarding building barrels for [[howitzer]] [a kind of cannon]; British authorities have made an agreement (2024) that [ [[Sheffield Forgemasters|a British factory]]] will start making those parts again; Earlier, Britain had stopped making those important parts for howitzers.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/36599. Retrieved 2024-07-30</ref> Norwegian companies now can sell weapons and defense equipment, [[direct]]ly to Ukrainian authorities; The government of Norway said that on the first day of 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Norway permits weapons, defense equipment sales to Ukraine |url=https://kyivindependent.com/norwegian-companies-now-able-to-sell-weapons-directly-to-ukraine/ |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=The Kyiv Independent |language=en |first1=Dominic |last1=Culverwell |date=January 2024}}</ref> Norway said (2024's first quarter) that it will pay 1.6 billion kroner, or $153 million (to or) towards the Czech [[initiative]] to purchase artillery ammunition for Ukraine.<ref>{{cite news |title=Norway donates $153 mln to Czech-led purchases of ammunition for Ukraine |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/norway-donates-153-mln-czech-led-purchases-ammunition-ukraine-2024-03-07/ |author=Terje Solsvik |website=Reuters |date=7 March 2024 |accessdate=7 March 2024}}</ref> Earlier (in 2024) Norway decided to send two F-16 [[fighter jet]]s to Denmark to help train Ukrainian pilots.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Norway To Send Two F-16s To Denmark For Ukrainian Pilot Training |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-norway-f-16-pilot-training-denmark/32758830.html |access-date=4 January 2024 |date=3 January 2024 |website=rferl |language=en}}</ref> [[Pansarbandvagn 302|pbv 302]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pbv_302 picture]), [[Infantry fighting vehicle]] (related page, [[Combat vehicle]], will be (coming from, or) [[Delivery (commerce)|delivered]] from Sweden; About 80 or 100 of those are [[expectation|expected]] to come, according to media in 2024's second quarter.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/33469. Retrieved 2024-05-29</ref><ref>https://www.sydsvenskan.se/2024-05-29/nytt-vapenstod-till-ukraina-storst-hittills/. Retrieved 2024-05-29</ref> Six [[CB90-class fast assault craft|CB90 fast assault boat]]s ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:CB90-class_fast_assault_craft picture]) will be [delivered or] [[transfer]]ed to Ukraine, according to media in 2024.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/38975. Retrieved 2024-09-16</ref> British authorities want (as of October 2024) to choose a company to make a new weapon, "[[One Way Effector Heavy]] ([[OWEH]])"; It has to be able to go "500 kilometers [... and be] ground launched,<!-- from a mobile towed or self-propelled platform operating in a high tactical threat environment with a minimal take-off distance, navigating to and accurately striking a user-programmed target-->[... and have] a flight speed of [... c.] 600 kph; The [[payload]] should be "200 to 300-kilogram ... based on the ... Mk82 aerial bomb"; It can be a "missile, drone, or another technology"; Each weapon is supposed to cost no more than £400,000, and that does not include "the payload, [[fuse]]s [... and a place for] testing"; 20 weapons have to be produced every month, by the end of 2025.<ref name=Brakestop/> As of 2025, the United States has [ [[investment|invested]]] or "[[commitment|committed]] over $174 billion [for Ukraine's [[warfare]] or] to the nation at war"; Furthermore, "some [of that money is] invested in the ... arms industry [in the United States] to help supply [Ukraine's military or] Kyiv’s defense needs"; Furthermore, [the use of the money was followed, or] "the money is [[accountability|accounted]] for via US [[audit]]s", according to [[Keith Kellogg|a U.S. authority]].<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/46737. Retrieved 2025-02-07</ref> ; Norway *A transport plane flew (3 March 2022) out of Norway with [[M72 LAW|M72 anti-tank weapon]]s - 2,000 of those [[rocket launcher]]s;<ref name="y23shells">{{Cite web |last=Ertesvåg |first=Edvard R. |date=4 March 2022 |title=Slik fungerer våpnene Norge har sendt til Ukraina: – Spretter omkring som pingpongballer |url=https://www.nettavisen.no/5-95-405965|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Nettavisen |language=no}}</ref> Each weigh either 2&nbsp;kg or 3&nbsp;kg. *[[Shell (projectile)|Shells for howitzers]]: 10,000 were sent by 4 January 2023; The shells are 155mm wide.<ref name="nrk.no">{{Cite web |last=Olsson |first=Svein Vestrum |date=4 January 2023 |title=Norge dobler donasjonene av egne våpen til Ukraina |url=https://www.nrk.no/norge/norge-dobler-donasjonene-av-egne-vapen-til-ukraina-1.16243468|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=NRK |language=nb-NO}}</ref> ==Worldwide reactions== {{Main|Reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine}} In regard to [[fundraising]] for [[atom bomb]], to be controlled by Ukrainian authorities: Fundraising for the purchase of that, started immediately<ref>https://www.aftenposten.no/verden/i/ald4rO/straks-trump-sparket-zelenskyj-ut-begynte-pengeinnsamlingen-for-en-atombombe. Retrieved 2025-03-01</ref> after a meeting ended (February 28, 2025) between [[Volodomyr Zelensky|Ukraine's president]] and the [[donald Trump|U.S. president]]. 15 leaders from the [[Western countries]] were in a group picture at [[Independence Square|Independence square]], Kyiv (February 24);<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/47711. Retrieved 2025-02-24</ref> They showed their support for Ukraine's 3 years of fighting the Russian invasion. In September 2024, "[[IMF]] [... delayed or postponed a] planned [[consultation]] [visit or] mission to Russia indefinitely", according to media; Furthermore, "nine European countries protested against the [[IMF]]’s plans to [[resumption|resume]] missions to Russia".<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/39171. Retrieved 2024-09-18</ref> Earlier that month, "The [[Crimean Platform summit]], which [... is supposed to talk about] the ongoing situation in Crimea, [was] taking place in Kyiv. Leaders from" some countries were there, including [[Gitanas Nauseda|Lithuania's president]], [[Evika Silina|Latvia's prime minister]] and the [[Milos Vystrcil|president of the senate of Czechia]].<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/38803. Retrieved 2024-09-11</ref> Earlier (in 2024), the "Ukrainian President ... said [that the government] will not [[renewal|renew]] a gas [[transit]] contract [...] that allows Russia to pump gas [... thru Ukraine] to Europe", according to media; Furthermore, the contract ends on the last day of 2024.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/38180. Retrieved 2024-08-30</ref> The president of Russia gets [[criticism]] from other Russians; In 2024, "militia leader, [[Georgy Zakrevsky]], said that the Russian army should" (remove Putin from power, or) [[overthrow]] him.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/opinion/38219. Retrieved 2024-08-31</ref> Since 2024, the "Russian propaganda network that has cultivated Americans like [[Tucker Carlson]] and [[Scott Ritter]] is ... [[officially]] [[consideration|considered]] a Kremlin ''intelligence apparatus''" [or group of people], according to media.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/38983. Retrieved 2024-09-14</ref> Earlier (and in 2022), U.S. President [[Joe Biden]] said there would be [[Economic sanctions|sanctions]] on banks [[VEB.RF]] and Promsvyazbank.<ref>{{cite web |title=What to know about new U.S. sanctions targeting Russia over Ukraine |date=23 February 2022 |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/russia-sanctions-ukraine-us-biden/|access-date=23 February 2022 |website=[[CBS News]] |language=en-US|archive-date=24 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224034030/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/russia-sanctions-ukraine-us-biden/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 24 February 2022, the [[Prime Minister of Australia]] [[Scott Morrison]] said there would be travel bans. There would also be financial sanctions against eight members of Russia's national security council.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cave |first=Damien |date=24 February 2022 |title=Live Updates: Ukraine Says Russia Has Begun Its Invasion - The New York Times |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/02/23/world/russia-ukraine-putin|access-date=24 February 2022 |issn=0362-4331|archive-date=24 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224051512/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/02/23/world/russia-ukraine-putin|url-status=live}}</ref> The United Kingdom, United Nations, France, Germany, Spain, Japan, Sweden, [[Turkey]], [[Norway]], Canada, and Italy have also disagreed with the invasion.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=24 February 2022 |title=The Latest: EU plans 'harshest' sanctions against Russia |url=https://www.conchovalleyhomepage.com/news/national-news/the-latest-europe-warns-of-airspace-risks-around-ukraine/|access-date=24 February 2022 |website=ConchoValleyHomepage.com |language=en-US|archive-date=24 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224092119/https://www.conchovalleyhomepage.com/news/national-news/the-latest-europe-warns-of-airspace-risks-around-ukraine/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 24 February 2022, [[President of the European Commission]] [[Ursula von der Leyen]] said the group has allowed "massive" actions that would target technological transfers, Russian banks and Russian assets.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2022 |title='Massive' EU sanctions to target Putin's war chest |url=https://euobserver.com/world/154423|access-date=24 February 2022 |website=EUobserver |language=en|archive-date=24 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224092204/https://euobserver.com/world/154423|url-status=live}}</ref> That same day, President Putin said Western countries that take part in the actions "will face consequences".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Web |title=Russia Threatens to Intervene |date=25 February 2022 |url=https://britishwire.com/world/russia-threatens-to-intervene/|access-date=27 February 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2022 |title=Putin says West will face 'great consequences' if it tries to stop Ukraine invasion |url=https://metro.co.uk/2022/02/24/ukraine-invasion-vladmir-putin-issues-chilling-warning-to-the-west-16161100/|access-date=24 February 2022 |website=Metro |language=en}}</ref> On 26 February, the [[European Union]], the United States and their [[Ally|allies]] say that they support in removing Russian banks from the [[SWIFT]] payment system.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Joint Statement on further restrictive economic measures |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_22_1423|access-date=27 February 2022 |date=26 February 2022 |website=European Commission |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=West to cut some Russian banks off from Swift |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-60542433|access-date=27 February 2022 |date=27 February 2022 |website=BBC News |language=en-US}}</ref> The next day, many European nations announced a ban on Russian flights in their airspace.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Russian flights will be banned from the airspace of 20 European nations |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/02/27/airspace-russia-flights-european-countries-ban/|access-date=27 February 2022 |date=27 February 2022 |newspaper=The Washington Post |language=en-US}}</ref><!--Not about invasion of Ukraine, but invasion of other countries: On the same day, the normally passive Finland and Sweden had said if Russia attacked other countries further than Ukraine, they would apply for [[NATO]] membership, despite Russia warning them that it could attack due to that action specifically.--><ref>{{Cite web |title=Finland, Sweden brush off Moscow's warning on joining NATO |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/finland-sweden-brush-off-moscows-warning-joining-nato-83126927|access-date=2 March 2022 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref> On 28 February,<!-- in a rare event--> [[Switzerland]], [[Monaco]], Singapore, and [[South Korea]] put in place economic sanctions on Russia such as controlling exports and [[asset]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=In rare stand, South Korea, Singapore unveil sanctions on Russia |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2022/2/28/in-rare-stand-south-korea-singapore-unveil-sanctions-on-russia|access-date=28 February 2022 |date=28 February 2022 |website=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Monaco clamps down on Russian assets after Ukraine invasion |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/wealth-hub-monaco-also-clamping-down-russian-assets-following-ukraine-invasion-2022-02-28/|access-date=28 February 2022 |date=28 February 2022 |website=[[Reuters]] |language=en-US}}</ref> These countries were once seen as neutral during global conflicts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Neutral Swiss join EU sanctions against Russia in break with past |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/neutral-swiss-adopt-sanctions-against-russia-2022-02-28/|access-date=28 February 2022 |date=28 February 2022 |website=[[Reuters]] |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Tugan Sokhiev]], the musical director and conductor of the [[Bolshoi Theatre]] [quit his job, or] did resign because he [wanted to stay [[Neutrality (international relations)|neutral]]] or not take side in the conflict.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Nettavisen |url=https://www.nettavisen.no/nyhetsstudio|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Nettavisen |language=no}}</ref> On 2 May, Russia announced it may be pulling out of the [[International Space Station]] in two years, because of the [[economic sanctions]] imposed on the nation because of the invasion.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Metcalfe |first1=Tom |title=Russia will pull out of the International Space Station, space agency chief confirms |url=https://www.livescience.com/russia-to-leave-international-space-station-chief-says |website=livescience.com |date=2 May 2022 |access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref> In response to the invasion, on 15 May 2022, [[President of Finland]] [[Sauli Niinistö]] said that [[Finland]] will apply for membership in [[NATO]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pekkarinen |first=Virpi |date=15 May 2022 |title=President Niinistö after the NATO decision: A new era is opening – the result will be a protected Finland that is part of a stable, strong and responsible Nordic region |url=https://www.presidentti.fi/en/news/president-niinisto-after-the-nato-decision-a-new-era-is-opening-the-result-will-be-a-protected-finland-that-is-part-of-a-stable-strong-and-responsible-nordic-region/|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Presidentti |language=en-US}}</ref> The following day, Sweden said that it would do the same<!--confirms it will apply to join NATO, after years of supporting being neutral-->.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sweden confirms it will apply to join Nato |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-61461805 |website=BBC News |date=16 May 2022 |access-date=16 May 2022}}</ref> Chinese authorities are stopping "Russian [[Boeing]] and [[Airbus]] aircraft, which foreign leasing companies own, from flying through or landing in its airspace"; That policy started in May 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AIRLIVE |date=31 May 2022 |title=ALERT China is closing its airspace to Russian re-registered aircraft |url=https://airlive.net/news/2022/05/31/alert-china-is-closing-its-airspace-to-russian-re-registered-aircraft/|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=AIRLIVE |language=en-US}}</ref> C. 60 military [[recruitment]] offices in Russia, have been attacked (as of January 2023);<ref>{{Cite web |last=Times |first=The Moscow |date=16 May 2022 |title=3 Russian Military Recruitment Offices Attacked |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/05/16/3-russian-military-recruitment-offices-attacked-a77686|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=The Moscow Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name="RecruitmentOffices">{{Cite web |date=30 May 2022 |title=Putin sender pensjonister til fronten. Det kan bety et vendepunkt i krigen. |url=https://www.aftenposten.no/verden/i/EaPO6j/putin-sender-pensjonister-til-fronten-det-kan-bety-et-vendepunkt-i-krigen|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=www.aftenposten.no |language=nb}}</ref> Some of those were set on fire;<ref name=RecruitmentOffices/> Some of the fires were a result of use of [[Molotov cocktail]]s. Finland became a member of [[NATO]] in April 2023. A Finnish newspaper ([[Helsingin Sanomat]]) made a [[virtual room]] in the game [[Counter-Strike]]. That room has news articles about the war, in English and Russian. The room was made to avoid censorship of news media, in Russia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=«Lurer» Putin med dataspillet Counter-Strike |url=https://www.vg.no/i/15dkPe|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=www.vg.no |language=nb}}</ref> The [[Joe Biden|president of the United States]] said yes to a plan, for training Ukrainian pilots to fly [[F-16]] [[fighter jet]]s.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Stone |first1=Mike |last2=Pamuk |first2=Humeyra |last3=Pamuk |first3=Humeyra |date=19 May 2023 |title=Biden endorses plan to train Ukrainian pilots on F-16 fighter jets |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us-will-back-training-ukrainian-pilots-f-16s-biden-tells-g7-leaders-reports-2023-05-19/|access-date=8 September 2023}}</ref> The making "of a new [[Ukraine–NATO Council]]", was [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/announcement announced] at the [[summit meeting]] for member-countries of NATO (or ''[[2023 Vilnius summit]]'').<ref name="CouncilSummit">{{Cite web |title=Сonditions for Ukraine's membership in NATO are unknown – Kuleba |url=https://www.ukrainianworldcongress.org/sonditions-for-ukraines-membership-in-nato-are-unknown-kuleba/|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=www.ukrainianworldcongress.org |language=en}}</ref> The [[Ukraine–NATO Council]] [did] meet on in July 2023, to discuss the situation in Ukraine.<ref name="auto1"/> The council has [close] contact with Ukrainian authorities and NATO.<ref name=CouncilSummit/> Russian authorities no longer get invited to the annual ceremony for [[liberation]] of the Norwegian county [[Finnmark]]; Ukrainian soldiers and other [[Soviet]] soldiers liberated Finnmark in October 1944;<ref>https://www.sagat.no/leder/volodymyr-er-hoyst-hjertelig-velkommen/19.42908. Retrieved 21 February 2024</ref> [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy|The president of Ukraine]] or his representative<ref>https://www.ifinnmark.no/notert-fra-finnmark/s/5-81-1138326?p=lc-7252211-7516. Retrieved 19 February 2024</ref> has been invited for the ceremony in 2024. French authorities are not saying "no" to sending French soldiers to fight in Ukraine, in the future; On the other hand, NATO's secretary-general said (in 2024) that NATO-soldiers will not get sent to Ukraine.<ref>https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/stoltenberg-utelukker-nato-soldater-i-ukraina-etter-macron-uttalelse/s/5-95-1668620. Retrieved 27 February 2024</ref> Sweden became a member of NATO (March 2024).<ref>https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/kristersson-bekrefter-jeg-har-akkurat-fatt-beskjeden-av-stoltenberg/s/5-95-1690304. Retrieved 7 March 2024</ref><!-- Earlier, all the member-countries of NATO have--><!--is the only member-country of NATO that has not--><!-- given [[permission]] for Sweden to become a member; [[Tamás Sulyok|Hungary's president]] [[signature|signed]] a document on 5 March 2024;--><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dagsavisen.no/nyheter/verden/2024/03/05/ungarns-president-har-undertegnet-ratifiseringen-av-sveriges-nato-soknad-melder-reuters/ |title=Sveriges Nato-søknad godkjent av Ungarn |date=5 March 2024}}</ref><ref>https://www.vg.no/nyheter/utenriks/i/rlkBy8/ny-nato-forsinkelse-for-sverige. Retrieved 28 February 2024</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/ungarn-har-godkjent-sveriges-nato-soknad/s/5-95-1667459 |title=Ungarn har godkjent Sveriges Nato-søknad |date=26 February 2024}}</ref><!-- On February 5, 2024, Hungary's parliament was going to vote about Sweden becoming a member of NATO; The majority party did not show up for the vote.--><ref>https://www.vg.no/nyheter/utenriks/i/0Q5X60/ingen-avstemning-om-sveriges-nato-soeknad-mandag. Retrieved 5 February 2024</ref><ref>https://www.nrk.no/nyheter/ungarn-skal-stemme-over-svensk-nato-medlemskap-mandag-1.16744702. Retrieved 1 February 2024</ref><!--Earlier (July 2023), there was a meeting in Hungary's parliament (regarding Sweden becoming a member of NATO).--><ref>{{Cite web |last=NTB |date=31 July 2023 |title=Ikke noe Nato-svar fra Ungarn mandag |url=https://www.nettavisen.no/5-95-1240012|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Nettavisen |language=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=NRK |date=29 July 2023 |title=Ungarn stemmer over svensk natomedlemskap på mandag |url=https://www.nrk.no/nyheter/ungarn-stemmer-over-svensk-natomedlemskap-pa-mandag-1.16498715|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=NRK |language=nb-NO}}</ref><!-- Hungarian authorities say that they will support the idea (that Sweden becomes a member), if Turkish authorities will also support the idea.--><ref>https://www.nrk.no/nyheter/ungarn-sier-de-vil-si-ja-til-svensk-nato-medlemskap-1.16471908. [[NRK]].no. Retrieved 4 July 2023</ref><!-- Furthermore, Hungary's parliament is not expected to vote on the matter, during the first week of July.--><ref>{{Cite web |last=NRK |date=28 June 2023 |title=Ungarn utsetter avstemning om svensk Nato-medlemskap |url=https://www.nrk.no/nyheter/ungarn-utsetter-avstemning-om-svensk-nato-medlemskap-1.16464717|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=NRK |language=nb-NO}}</ref><!--Old information: Earlier (June 2023), [[Jens Stoltenberg|the general-secretary of NATO]] met [[Erdogan|Turkey's president]]; A meeting happened in July, with the general-secretary plus representatives from Turkey and Sweden--><!-- Turkish authorities and Hungarian authorities have not (yet) given written [[approval]] regarding Sweden becoming a NATO member-country.--><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2023 |title=Stoltenberg: Enige om nytt Nato-møte med Tyrkia og Sverige |url=https://www.vg.no/i/q1EA4L|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=www.vg.no |language=nb}}</ref><!-- (Earlier - in March - there also was a meeting.)--><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Siebold |first1=Sabine |last2=Gray |first2=Andrew |last3=Cotton |first3=Johnny |last4=Gray |first4=Andrew |date=23 February 2023 |title=Stoltenberg sees progress in Sweden's NATO bid, talks to resume in March |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/stoltenberg-sees-progress-swedens-nato-bid-talks-resume-march-2023-02-23/|access-date=8 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Stoltenberg: Medlemskap for Finland og Sverige har høy prioritet i Nato – VG Nå: Nyhetsdøgnet |url=https://direkte.vg.no/nyhetsdognet/news/stoltenberg-medlemskap-for-finland-og-sverige-har-hoey-prioritet-i-nato.1r86TdXpr|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=VG Nå |language=no}}</ref><!-- Turkey's authorities gave their permission earlier (January 2024), when Turkey's president signed [document], according to media--><!--(January 26, 2024)--><ref>https://yle.fi/a/74-20071413. Retrieved 26 January 2024</ref><!-- Earlier (23 January 2024), Turkey's parliament voted "yes";--><ref>https://www.vg.no/nyheter/i/P4MwK6/den-tyrkiske-nasjonalforsamlingen-godkjenner-svensk-nato-medlemskap. Retrieved 23 January 2024</ref><!--The signature of [[Turkey's president]] is needed.--><!--Earlier (December 26, 2023) one of the committees of Turkey's parliament voted "yes".--><!--; There is supposed to be voting again in [[Turkish parliament|parliament (Turkey)]]about Sweden becoming a member; Parliament gathered on January 16, 2023, and there will be voting about different ideas; Voting on some things, is expected to start on that day.--><ref>https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/sveriges-nato-soknad-star-pa-den-tyrkiske-nasjonalforsamlingens-dagsorden/s/5-95-1582502. Retrieved 16 January 2024</ref><!--but media is not sure (as of December 26) about when that vote can happen.--><ref>https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/utenrikskomiteen-i-tyrkias-nasjonalforsamling-sier-ja-til-svensk-nato-medlemsskap/s/5-95-1542037. [[Nettavisen]].no. Retrieved 26 December 2023</ref><!--The has not voted [as of the middle of December] about Sweden becoming a member of NATO.--><ref>[https://www.nrk.no/ 15:04 Sveriges NATO-søknad]. NRK.no. Retrieved 25 October 2023</ref><!-- Earlier (October 23, 2023), Turkey's president sent documents to parliament; --><!--The parliament has not voted (as of October 23) about Sweden becoming a member of NATO.--><ref>https://www.vg.no/nyheter/utenriks/i/kEg6P6/erdogan-har-bedt-parlamentet-godkjenne-sveriges-nato-medlemskap. Retrieved 23 October 2023</ref><!-- Earlier in October, Turkey's parliament opened (after the holidays).--><!--Turkey's president said (in July) that when parliament opens again in October, then "I believe our parliament speaker will bring this forward",--><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Coskun |first1=Orhan |last2=Toksabay |first2=Ece |date=12 July 2023 |title=Erdogan to put Sweden's NATO ratification to Turkish parliament in autumn |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/erdogans-government-discuss-swedens-nato-ratification-with-nationalist-ally-2023-07-12/|access-date=8 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=NTB |first=Tormod Malvin Sæther, Hans-Olav Rise, Av |date=12 July 2023 |title=Erdogan: Tyrkia kommer ikke til å godta Sveriges Nato-søknad før oktober |url=https://www.nettavisen.no/5-95-1216425|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Nettavisen |language=no}}</ref><!--and he said (in September) that Turkey's parliament will say "yes" to Sweden's application - if the United States, "will make way" for Turkey to buy F16 ([[fighter jet]]s).--><ref>https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/erdogan-vil-ha-usa-garanti-for-a-si-ja-til-svensk-nato-medlemskap/s/5-95-1354153. [[Nettavisen]].no. Retrieved 26 September 2023</ref><!--Previosly (July 10), "[[Erdogan|Turkey's president]] ... [[agreement|agreed]] to support Sweden's [[bid]] to join Nato", according to [[Jens Stoltenberg|the secretary-general of NATO]].--><!-- Furthermore, the Turkish president [is expected to deliver, or] "forward Sweden's bid to the Turkish parliament", according to the secretary-general.--><ref>{{Cite web |last=NTB |first=Vetle Ravn Viken, Tormod Malvin Sæther, Av |date=10 July 2023 |title=Stoltenberg: Tyrkia godkjenner Sveriges Nato-søknad |url=https://www.nettavisen.no/5-95-1213313|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Nettavisen |language=no}}</ref><!--Not updated: in July, [[Erdogan|Turkey's president]] again said that he is against that idea.<ref>https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/nyhetsstudio-krigen-i-ukraina/s/5-95-496931. [[Nettavisen]].no. Retrieved 4 July 2023</ref> However, later that month he said to media that he is for the idea, but he has some [[demand]]s that have to be taken care of, before Sweden can become a member.--><ref>{{Cite web |last=Venbakken |first=Av NTB, Kira |date=10 July 2023 |title=Erdogan med nytt krav: – Først må veien åpnes for et tyrkisk EU-medlemskap |url=https://www.nettavisen.no/5-95-1212399|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Nettavisen |language=no}}</ref> American actor [[Mark Hamill]] has taken actions to support (the [[AFU]] or) Ukraine; He has headed [[fundraising]] for buying drones for Ukraine; He has also let Ukraine authorities use the voice of [[Luke Skywalker]] in some messages from the authorities.<ref>https://www.vg.no/rampelys/i/8qw8kW/luke-skywalker-paa-besoek-i-det-hvite-hus. Retrieved 2024-05-04</ref> [[NATO]] is involved in having weapons sent to Ukraine, and [[contribution|contributing]] about (more) [[training]] Ukrainian soldiers; The [[NATO Mission to Ukraine]] is a name used about that, but the name is not [[formal]] (as of 2024's second quarter).<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/opinion/35404. Retrieved 2024-07-06</ref> NATO has [... done stuff, to make better its] its “forward [[presence]]”" [against armed forces that are [[perception|perceived]] as unfriendly], according to media; Furthermore, that is "Following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine"; Furthermore, NATO has put [[battlegroup|battlegroups]] or "multinational battlegroups in Bulgaria, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Slovakia"; Furthermore, the battlegroups are supported by [[warship]]s "and combat aircraft along NATO’s eastern [[flank]], from the Baltic Sea ... to the Black Sea".<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/36629. Retrieved 2024-07-31</ref> [Some or many] Ukrainian sportspeople no longer shake hands with sportspeople that compete for national teams from Russia and from [[Belarus]], according to media.<ref name=SaberOlhaGold>https://www.aftenposten.no/sport/i/25p51R/hun-gjorde-ukraina-historisk-men-alt-kunne-vaert-annerledes. Retrieved 2024-07-31</ref> Well-known cases, includes the case (in 2023) of [[Orla Kharlan]] (she won an Olympic gold medal in 2024).<ref name=SaberOlhaGold/> The [[Yaroslava Mahuchikh|winner of the 2024 Olympic gold medal in]] high jump, said that this<ref>https://yle.fi/a/74-20103283. Retrieved 2024-08-06</ref> medal is for Ukrainian defenders of our country; Furthermore, thanks to defenders, she can be [at the Olympic games] and carry the Ukrainian flag. She also said, according to media, that her medal is for "the nearly 500 [[Sportsperson|athletes]] and [[coach (sport)|coaches]] who have been killed since Russia invaded her country in 2022".<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/37058. Retrieved 2024-08-08</ref> Six Finnish childred were guests at [[Artek|a summer camp]] in Crimea.<ref name=2groups/> They, and a group<ref name=2groups>https://yle.fi/a/74-20117355. Retrieved 2024-10-21</ref> traveling from Sweden, were guests of the [[occupation government]]. [[Rasmus Jarlov|A Danish lawmaker]] said (2024) that Denmark has given more than twice as much (to Ukraine), as Norway has given; Furthermore, Denmark has a ''[[gross domestic product]]'' that is 33% less than Norway's; Furthermore, the lawmaker says that Denmark will gladly give more, but that does not help a lot, as long as Denmark's neighboring countries do not (give or) [[contribution|contribute]] (more, or) in a similar way.<ref>[[Rasmus Jarlov]]. [Norway is letting-down Ukraine] "Norge svikter Ukraina". https://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/i/KMb2w6/norge-svikter-ukraina. Retrieved 2024-11-13</ref> ===Reactions in literature, ''press photography'', festivals and art=== [[Mr. Nobody Against Putin]], a documentary movie, got [[World Cinema Documentary Special Jury Award|a prize]] at the 2025 [[Sundance Film Festival]]; [[David Borenstein]] [[movie director|directed]] the movie.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/55388. Retrieved 2025-06-30</ref> At [[Expo 2025]], in Japan, Ukraine has a (place to show stuff, or a) [[pavillion]]; The name of the pavillion is ''The Not for Sale Store''; There "Visitors to the [[exhibit]] [can] scan barcodes and watch stories about life in Ukraine during the Russian invasion", according to media.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/50819. Retrieved 2025-04-15</ref> [[2000 Meters to Andriivka]] (documentary film) has [[Mstyslav Chernov]] as its director.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/45765. Retrieved 2025-01-21</ref> The [[Grand Press Photo]] competition has been won several times, by photographers that took pictures of (parts of) the invasion.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/44857. Retrieved 2025-01-05</ref> In 2024, a "[[controversy|controversial]] [... movie] by a director who had worked with Russia’s [[RT]] [ [[television channel]]] was scheduled to be [shown or] screened at the [movie] festival in Toronto, but after a wave of protests, the organizers [did not show the movie, or] suspended the screening", according to media; The [[documentary]] movie is “Russians at War”.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/38936. Retrieved 2024-09-13</ref> Earlier in 2024, the movie ''[[Treasure (movie)|Treasure]]'' by [[Stephen Fry]], (came out, or) was released on [[Youtube|a free ''video sharing'' social media website]].<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/36745. Retrieved 2024-08-01</ref> The [picture book or] [[photo book]] ''Saints'', by [[Sasha Maslov]] ([[Ukrainian-American]]), came out in 2024.<ref>https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/sasha-maslov-gir-ut-boken-saints-som-hedrer-ukrainske-helter/v/5-95-1911615. [[Nettavisen]].no. Retrieved 2024-07-31</ref><ref>https://kyivindependent.com/photographing-war-personal-stories-of-the-ukrainian-resistance/. Retrieved 2024-07-31</ref> Earlier (2023), a book by [[Sofi Oksanen]], a Finnish-Estonian author, came out (or was [[published]]), ''In the same stream: Putin's war against women''.<ref>https://www.vg.no/rampelys/bok/i/dwx0kq/oksanen-mot-putin-oksanens-krig-mot-putin. [[VG]].no. Retrieved 7 March 2024</ref><ref>ISBN 978-951-1-48231-4</ref> There is a "cultural front" that earns money outside Ukraine; Artists in "the front" earn money thru [[cultural activity|cultural activities]], and then they give some of the money to Ukraine's fight against Russian forces.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/32756. Retrieved 2024-05-18</ref> ===Sanctions=== The EU has put [[economic sanctions|sanctions]] on [[Putin]] and [[Sergey Lavrov|the Russian foreign minister]], as of 3 March 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 March 2022 |title=Sergej Lavrov, Russlands steinansikt utad |url=https://www.dagsavisen.no/nyheter/verden/2022/03/03/sergej-lavrov-russlands-steinansikt-utad/|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Dagsavisen |language=no}}</ref> [[Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank|AIIB]], or Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, is stopping loans to Russia and Belarus, media said on 4 March 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=NTB |date=4 March 2022 |title=Tysklands kansler har snakket med Putin |url=https://www.nettavisen.no/12-95-3424252525|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Nettavisen |language=no}}</ref> EU countries have closed their [[airspace]] for Russian aircraft; On 6 June 2022 [[Montenegro]] and [[North Macedonia]] closed their airspace for the plane that was supposed to fly - Russia's foreign minister - to Serbia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 June 2022 |title=Hardt ut etter flynekt: - Det utenkelige har skjedd |url=https://www.vg.no/i/mro4vv|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=www.vg.no |language=nb}}</ref> Russian cargo trucks do not have permission to drive into the European Union; However, it is okay to have a [[tractor unit]] that does not have Russian [[license plate]], pull Russian [[semi-trailer]]s into and within the EU.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2023 |title=Venäläisten rekkojen perävaunut eivät ole enää sallittuja EU-alueella – tullin mukaan tällä on merkittävä vaikutus rajaliikenteeseen |url=https://yle.fi/a/74-20038359|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Yle Uutiset |language=fi}}</ref> <!--This paragraph is not specific to cargo-trucks,therefore do not merge the two paragraphs, without rewriting and explaining-->Cars that have Russian license plates, do not have permission (as of 2023's fourth quarter) to drive into [[Poland]], [[Finland]], [[Norway]], [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]], Lithuania.<ref>https://www.ifinnmark.no/stenger-grensa-for-russiske-biler/s/5-81-1888875. [[iFinnmark]].no. Retrieved 2 October 2023</ref><ref>[https://www.nrk.no/nyheter/krigen-i-ukraina-1.11480927 05:20 Polen sier også nei til russiske biler]. NRK.no Retrieved 17 September 2023</ref> The [[International Criminal Court]] ICC has issued an arrest warrant for [[Vladimir Putin]] and [[Maria Lvova-Belova]] because of Ukrainian children being (moved or) [[relocation|relocated]] against their will - by Russian authorities.<ref>https://yle.fi/a/74-20062651. [[YLE]].fi. Retrieved 11 December 2023</ref> A company from Finland, sold (as late as 2023) some equipment to measure weather, to a company in Taiwan; The equipment went by land (instead of by airplane); Media said (2024) that the equipment seems to have arrived in Russia without getting to Taiwan; Sanctions against Russia seems to have been broken, in that case.<ref>https://yle.fi/a/74-20089536. Retrieved 2024-06-10</ref> As of 2024, there are sanctions that are supposed to stop Russia from selling gold to Western countries; However, Russia is selling gold to some countries in Africa, and that gold is sometimes being sold (to Western countries), as gold-from-Africa.<ref>https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/bekrefter-til-nettavisen-ukrainske-soldater-dreper-russere-i-afrika/s/5-95-1652706. [[Nettavisen]].no. Retrieved 20 February 2024</ref> As of 2024's first quarter, the [[Vladimir Potanin|chief executive officer of Nornickel Group]], is on the sanctions list of the United States, Great Britain and Canada, but not the EU.<ref>[the factory in Finland refines Russian nickel and returns common copper to the military industry - this is how the CEO commented] Yle.fi/a/74-20079921. Retrieved 2024-03-21</ref> Norway [is stopping] Russian citizens from crossing the Russian-Norwegian border; That rule [started] on May 29, 2024.<ref>https://www.sagat.no/nyheter/grensa-stenges-for-russiske-turister/19.44413. Retrieved 2024-05-23</ref> The production of Russia's "[[Su-57]] fighter jets" has maybe<ref>https://english.nv.ua/nation/russian-su-57-production-virtually-halted-due-to-western-sanctions-50457250.html. Retrieved 2024-10-15</ref> stopped (as of October 2024) because of "trade sanctions [... that have been set in place] by the United States and its allies". ===Other protests=== {{main article|Protests against the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine}} Pro-Ukrainian protests have happened in front of many Ukrainian and Russian [[embassies]]. There have been many protests in [[Armenia]],<ref>{{cite news |date=24 February 2022 |title="There are people in Armenia who are against the war, Russia's imperialist policy." Protest in front of the Russian Embassy |website=aysor.am |url=https://www.aysor.am/am/news/2022/02/24/%D5%A1%D5%AF%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1-%D5%8C%D4%B4-%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6/1932562 |url-status=live |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224203649/https://www.aysor.am/am/news/2022/02/24/%D5%A1%D5%AF%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1-%D5%8C%D4%B4-%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6/1932562 |archive-date=24 February 2022}}</ref> Australia,<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Earl |first1=Carly |last2=Australia |first2=Source: Guardian |date=25 February 2022 |title=Ukraine supporters gather in Sydney to protest Russian invasion – video |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2022/feb/25/ukraine-supporters-gather-in-sydney-after-russian-invasion-video|access-date=26 February 2022 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> [[Bulgaria]],<ref>{{cite news |date=24 February 2022 |title=На протеста пред руското посолство: Киев покръсти Русия, Киев ще я опее |language=bg |trans-title=At the protest in front of the Russian embassy: Kiev baptised Russia, Kiev will sing it |work=Dnevnik (news) |url=https://www.dnevnik.bg/bulgaria/2022/02/24/4316397_na_protesta_pred_ruskoto_posolstvo_kiev_pokrusti/?ref=home_layer2 |url-status=live |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224201304/https://www.dnevnik.bg/bulgaria/2022/02/24/4316397_na_protesta_pred_ruskoto_posolstvo_kiev_pokrusti/?ref=home_layer2 |archive-date=24 February 2022}}</ref> [[Belgium]],<ref name="brusselsembassy2">{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=24 February 2022 |title=Russian embassy target of Ukrainian anger |work=[[VRT (broadcaster)]] |location=Brussels |url=https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/en/2022/02/24/russian-embassy-target-of-ukrainian-anger/ |url-status=live |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224164704/https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/en/2022/02/24/russian-embassy-target-of-ukrainian-anger/ |archive-date=24 February 2022}}</ref> Canada,<ref>{{cite web|author-last=Perez |author-first=Jackie |date=24 February 2022 |title=Ukrainian-Canadians rally outside embassy in Ottawa ahead of Russian invasion |url=https://ottawa.ctvnews.ca/ukrainian-canadians-rally-outside-embassy-in-ottawa-ahead-of-russian-invasion-1.5794015 |access-date=25 February 2022 |website=[[CTV News]] |language=en |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224135625/https://ottawa.ctvnews.ca/ukrainian-canadians-rally-outside-embassy-in-ottawa-ahead-of-russian-invasion-1.5794015 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]],<ref>{{cite news |title=In Photos: Georgians March for Ukraine |url=https://civil.ge/archives/474945 |access-date=25 February 2022 |work=[[Civil Georgia]] |date=24 February 2022}}</ref> Germany,<ref>{{cite web |author=[[Deutsche Welle]] |title=Ukraine-Russia conflict: Protests in Berlin {{!}} DW {{!}} 23 February 2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/ukraine-russia-conflict-protests-in-berlin/g-60885890 |access-date=25 February 2022 |website=[[Deutsche Welle|DW.com]] |language=en-GB |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224031252/https://www.dw.com/en/ukraine-russia-conflict-protests-in-berlin/g-60885890 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Hungary]],<ref>{{cite news |date=24 February 2022 |title="Ruszkik haza, ruszkik haza!" – tüntetés a budapesti orosz nagykövetségnél |language=hu |trans-title="Rusks home, Russians home!" – demonstration in front of the Russian Embassy in Budapest |website=Telex.hu |url=https://telex.hu/belfold/2022/02/24/ellenzeki-tuntetes-orosz-ukran-haboru |url-status=live |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224191517/https://telex.hu/belfold/2022/02/24/ellenzeki-tuntetes-orosz-ukran-haboru|archive-date=24 February 2022}}</ref> [[Iceland]],<ref>{{cite news |date=24 February 2022 |title=Mótmæli við sendiráðið: "Erfitt að lýsa þessu með orðum" |trans-title=Protest at the embassy: "It is difficult to put it into words" |website=[[Vísir.is]] |url=https://www.visir.is/g/20222227209d/motmaeli-vid-sendiradid-erfitt-ad-lysa-thessu-med-ordum- |url-status=live |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224163146/https://www.visir.is/g/20222227209d/motmaeli-vid-sendiradid-erfitt-ad-lysa-thessu-med-ordum- |archive-date=24 February 2022 |author-first=Snorri |author-last=Másson |language=is}}</ref> Ireland,<ref>{{cite news |date=24 February 2022 |title='This is a tragedy' – Ukrainians protest outside Dáil, Russian embassy |website=[[Raidió Teilifís Éireann|RTÉ]] |url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2022/0224/1282754-ukrainians-protests/|url-status=live|access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224172356/https://www.rte.ie/news/2022/0224/1282754-ukrainians-protests/ |archive-date=24 February 2022}}</ref> Japan,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukrainians vent ire at Russian moves with rally outside embassy {{!}} The Asahi Shimbun: Breaking News, Japan News and Analysis|url=https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14556520|access-date=26 February 2022|website=The Asahi Shimbun|language=en}}</ref> [[Kazakhstan]],<ref>{{cite news|author-last=ОМАР |author-first=Заңғар |date=24 February 2022 |title=Ресей консулдығының алдында пикет өткізгендерді полиция ұстап әкетті |trans-title=Picket passed by the police before the Russian consulate |url=https://www.azattyq.org/a/31720090.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224145553/https://www.azattyq.org/a/31720090.html |archive-date=24 February 2022 |access-date=25 February 2022 |website=Азаттық радиосы |language=kk}}</ref> [[Moldova]],<ref>{{cite news |date=24 February 2022 |title=Protest la Ambasada Federației Ruse din Chișinău: "Kremlin, oprește-te!" |language=ro |trans-title=Protest at the Embassy of the Russian Federation in Chișinău: "Kremlin, stop!" |newspaper=Jurnal.md |url=https://www.jurnal.md/ro/news/ef290524822b5b15/protest-la-ambasada-federatiei-ruse-din-chisinau-kremlin-opreste-te.html |url-status=live |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224230533/https://www.jurnal.md/ro/news/ef290524822b5b15/protest-la-ambasada-federatiei-ruse-din-chisinau-kremlin-opreste-te.html |archive-date=24 February 2022}}</ref> the [[Netherlands]],<ref>{{cite news |date=24 February 2022 |title=Tientallen demonstranten voor Russische ambassade en op Plein |language=nl |trans-title=Dozens of demonstrators in front of Russian embassy and in Square |work=NU.nl |url=https://www.nu.nl/den-haag/6186109/tientallen-demonstranten-voor-russische-ambassade-en-op-plein.html |access-date=24 February 2022}}</ref> [[Portugal]],<ref>{{cite web |date=24 February 2022 |title=Manifestação em Lisboa, frente à embaixada da Federação Russa: "Queremos armas!" |trans-title=Demonstration in Lisbon, in front of the Russian Federation embassy: "We want weapons!" |url=https://expresso.pt/sociedade/manifestacao-em-lisboa-frente-a-embaixada-da-federacao-russa-queremos-armas/ |access-date=25 February 2022 |website=Expresso |language=pt-PT}}</ref> [[Romania]],<ref>{{cite web |date=24 February 2022 |title=Profesorul de istorie Marcel Bartic protestează în fața Ambasadei Rusiei din București în semn de solidaritate cu Ucraina/ A fost amendat de jandarmerie pentru protest neautorizat |trans-title=History professor Marcel Bartic protests in front of the Russian Embassy in Bucharest in solidarity with Ukraine / Was fined by the gendarmerie for unauthorised protest |url=https://www.g4media.ro/profesorul-de-istorie-marcel-bartic-a-protestat-in-fata-ambasadei-rusiei-din-bucurstii-in-semn-de-solidaritate-cu-ucraina-a-fost-amendat-de-jandarmerie-pentru-protest-neautorizat.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224214315/https://www.g4media.ro/profesorul-de-istorie-marcel-bartic-a-protestat-in-fata-ambasadei-rusiei-din-bucurstii-in-semn-de-solidaritate-cu-ucraina-a-fost-amendat-de-jandarmerie-pentru-protest-neautorizat.html |archive-date=24 February 2022 |access-date=24 February 2022 |website=G4Media |language=ro}}</ref> [[Slovakia]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2022 |title=Nesúhlas s útokom na Ukrajinu vyjadrili v Bratislave, v Prievidzi i v Košiciach |trans-title=They expressed their disapproval of the attack on Ukraine in Bratislava, Prievidza and Košice |url=https://spravy.pravda.sk/domace/clanok/618060-v-bratislave-sa-dnes-uskutocni-svieckovy-pochod-za-mier-na-ukrajine/ |access-date=26 February 2022 |website=Pravda.sk |language=sk-SK}}</ref> Sweden{{fact|date=March 2024}}, [[Taiwan]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=Cat |date=25 February 2022 |title=We're All Ukrainians Today: Rally Held in Taipei to Protest the Invasion of Ukraine |url=https://ketagalanmedia.com/2022/02/25/were-all-ukrainians-today-rally-held-in-taipei-to-protest-the-invasion-of-ukraine/|access-date=26 February 2022 |website=Ketagalan Media |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Turkey]],<ref>{{cite web |title=İstanbul'da Rusya Başkonsolosluğu önünde Ukrayna için gösteri |url=https://www.haberturk.com/istanbulda-rusya-baskonsoloslugu-onunde-ukrayna-icin-gosteri-3355567 |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=www.haberturk.com |date=24 February 2022 |publisher=Habertürk |language=tr}}</ref> the UK,<ref>{{cite news |date=24 February 2022 |title=Hundreds protest outside Downing Street to demand tougher sanctions on Russia after invasion of Ukraine |work=[[The Big Issue]] |url=https://www.bigissue.com/news/activism/protesters-to-gather-outside-downing-street-to-demand-tougher-russia-sanctions/ |url-status=live |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224163156/https://www.bigissue.com/news/activism/protesters-to-gather-outside-downing-street-to-demand-tougher-russia-sanctions/ |archive-date=24 February 2022 |author-first=Greg |author-last=Barradale}}</ref> and the [[US]].<ref>{{cite news |date=24 February 2022 |title=Demonstrators protest outside Russian Embassy in Washington after Russia invades Ukraine |work=[[CBS News]] |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/demonstrators-russian-embassy-washington-after-russia-ukraine-invasion/ |url-status=live |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224163145/https://www.cbsnews.com/amp/news/demonstrators-russian-embassy-washington-after-russia-ukraine-invasion/ |archive-date=24 February 2022}}</ref> In the [[Czech Republic]], some 3,000 people protested in the [[Wenceslas Square]] in Prague.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 February 2022 |title=Thousands gather to support Ukraine in central Prague |url=https://english.radio.cz/thousands-gather-support-ukraine-central-prague-8743026 |access-date=25 February 2022 |website=[[Radio Prague International]] |language=en |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225112835/https://english.radio.cz/thousands-gather-support-ukraine-central-prague-8743026 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=V centru Prahy se sešly tisíce lidí, protestovaly proti invazi na Ukrajinu |trans-title=Thousands of people gathered in the center of Prague to protest the invasion of Ukraine |url=https://www.ceskenoviny.cz/zpravy/na-vaclavskem-namesti-lide-demonstruji-proti-ruske-invazi/2166759 |access-date=25 February 2022 |website=ČeskéNoviny.cz |language=cs |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225113739/https://www.ceskenoviny.cz/zpravy/na-vaclavskem-namesti-lide-demonstruji-proti-ruske-invazi/2166759 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 14 March 2022, a woman held a sign with an anti-war message on the [[set]] of a news program on [[Channel One Russia]] during prime time;<ref name="NrkNoWar">{{Cite web |last=Undheim |first=Ingeborg |date=14 March 2022 |title=Redaktør braut inn i direktesending på statleg russisk TV |url=https://www.nrk.no/urix/redaktor-braut-inn-i-direktesending-pa-statleg-russisk-tv-1.15892710|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=NRK |language=nn-NO}}</ref> The sign said: "NO WAR. Stop the war. Do not believe propaganda they tell you lies here"; The sign also said, "Russians against war".<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Aditi Sangal |last2=Melissa Macaya |last3=Helen Regan |last4=Steve George |last5=Amy Woodyatt |last6=Ben Church |last7=Ed Upright |last8=Maureen Chowdhury |last9=Jason Kurtz |date=14 March 2022 |title=Anti-war protester interrupts Russian state TV news broadcast |url=https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-putin-news-03-14-22/h_d3ff6dd3b3c43a961f1f5eb5de9995d2|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> [[Marina Ovsyannikova]] was arrested by police.<ref name=NrkNoWar/> She got a fine the next day and was then free to go from jail. The Russian court system sentenced her (in 2023's fourth quarter). She is supposed to be in a [[penal colony]] for 8 and a half years.<ref>https://www.vg.no/nyheter/i/dw1AWz/russisk-tv-redaktoer-doemt-til-aatte-aar-i-fengsel-for-tv-protest. VG.no. Retrieved 4 October 2023</ref> However, she already escaped (from) Russia, in 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-02-10|title=Marina Ovsyannikova: Anti-war Russian journalist recounts dramatic escape|language=en-GB|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-64604233|access-date=2025-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Davies|first=Barbara|date=2023-03-10|title=Presenter who denounced Putin's war reveals how she fled with daughter|url=https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-11846191/Presenter-denounced-Putins-war-TV-reveals-fled-Kremlin-terrified-daughter-11.html|access-date=2025-05-21|website=Mail Online}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Former Russian state journalist describes harrowing escape from Russia {{!}} CNN|date=2023-02-14|url=https://www.cnn.com/videos/world/2023/02/14/former-russian-state-tv-journalist-marina-ovsyannikova-ebof-vpx.cnn|language=en|access-date=2025-05-21}}</ref> ===Businesses=== On 3 March 2022, [[Lukoil]]'s board of directors said that it [[support]]ed a stop (right now) to the [[armed conflict]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 March 2022 |title=Russiske Lukoil ber om stans i krigen mot Ukraina |url=https://e24.no/i/z7PkM4|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=e24.no |language=nb}}</ref> On 8 March, some famous brands including [[McDonald's]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Global Strategy: The Case of McDonald's |url=https://qa.ulster.ac.uk/blog/global-strategy-the-case-of-mcdonalds/ |website=Ulster University |accessdate=9 March 2022}}</ref> [[Coca-Cola]]<ref>{{cite web |title=The Chronicle of Coca-Cola: A Global Business |url=https://www.coca-colacompany.com/news/the-chronicle-of-coca-cola-a-global-business |website=www.coca-colacompany.com |accessdate=9 March 2022 |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and [[Starbucks]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Starbucks |url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/starbucks/?sh=3c8265328acb |website=Forbes |accessdate=9 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref> stopped sales in Russia, in response to its attacks on Ukraine.<ref>{{cite web |title=War in Ukraine: McDonald's, Coca-Cola and Starbucks halt Russian sales |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-60665877 |website=bbc.co.uk |date=8 March 2022|access-date=9 March 2022}}</ref> The production of [[Lada]] cars stopped - and was in [[suspension]], media said in March 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |title=As it happened: Biden warns US intervention in Ukraine would mean WW3 |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-60685883|access-date=8 September 2023 |language=en-gb}}</ref> On 16 May 2022, [[McDonald's]] said that it will permanently shut down its fast-food operations in Russia due to the "humanitarian crisis" and "unpredictable operating environment" caused by the invasion.<ref>{{cite web |title=McDonald's to leave Russia for good after 30 years |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-61463876 |website=BBC News |date=16 May 2022 |access-date=16 May 2022}}</ref> Since June 2023, [[Scandinavian Airlines]] has stopped selling products from [[Mondelez International|Mondelez]] on its flights; That company owns [[Toblerone]] and the brands [[Freia]] and [[Daim]].<ref name="Soda">{{Cite web |date=2 September 2023 |title=Ukraina setter PepsiCo på svarteliste – SAS fjerner brus |url=https://e24.no/i/GMmyox|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=e24.no |language=nb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2023 |title=SAS følger Ukrainas svarteliste – fjerner alle produkter fra Freia |url=https://www.vg.no/i/3E7VrX|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=www.vg.no |language=nb}}</ref> The airline has [[airport lounge]]s; Products from [[PepsiCo]] are no longer served there [as of 2023's fourth quarter].<ref name=Soda/> The [[NACP]] (or [[National Agency on Corruption Prevention]]) put [[Nestle]] on its list of international [[sponsor]]s of the war in Ukraine because Nestle still (is doing business or) operating in Russia.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 November 2023 |url=https://kyivindependent.com/ukraine-designates-nestle-as-international-sponsor-of-war/ |title=Ukraine designates Nestle as 'international sponsor of war' |work=The Kyiv Independent |author=Nate Ostiller |access-date= 2 November 2023}}</ref> In regard to [[shipping company|shipping companies]] (for [[passenger]]s and [[cargo]]) in the [[Baltic Sea]], [[boycot]]ting [[Marabou]] products from [[Mondelez]]: [[Viking Line]] and ''[[Tallink]] Silja'' stopped ordering product in 2023, but did not stop selling; However, Tallink stopped the boycot in 2024's second quarter; [[Viking Line]] has still stopped selling [[Marabou]] products.<ref>https://yle.fi/a/74-20091389. Retrieved 2024-05-30</ref> ===Adding soldiers to the Ukrainian forces=== From Russia, there are "Volunteers from [[Bashkortostan]], the “[[Bashkort unit]]"; In 2024, volunteer soldiers took prisoners among Russian forces; Those volunteers also captured an [[combat vehicle|infantry fighting vehicle]].<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/39245. Retrieved 2024-09-20</ref> About foreign soldiers maybe getting Ukrainian [[citizenship]] if they fight for the [[International Legion for the Territorial Defence of Ukraine|International Legion]]: [[Yevhen Yenin]] (First Deputy [[Ministry of Internal Affairs (Ukraine)|Minister of Internal Affairs]]) has said that the laws of Ukraine allow (or give [[permission]]) for that; The [[press agency]] [[Ukrinform]] said that [in March] 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fremmedkrigere tilbys ukrainsk statsborgerskap – VG Nå: Nyhetsdøgnet |url=https://direkte.vg.no/nyhetsdognet/news/fremmedkrigere-tilbys-ukrainsk-statsborgerskap.ObifMy6DR|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=VG Nå |language=no}}</ref> In March 2022, the [[Ukrainian Armed Forces]] [[publication|published]] the first picture of [[International Legion for the Territorial Defence of Ukraine|International Legion]] soldiers; The picture showed some of those soldiers in a [[trench]] on the outskirts of Kyiv.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Armed Forces Ukr |url=https://twitter.com/armedforcesukr/status/1500889533033889795 |access-date=8 March 2022 |website=Twitter |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ThaisHeed">{{Cite news |last=Limited |first=Bangkok Post Public Company |title=Thais heed call to help Ukraine |language=en |work=Bangkok Post |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2273483/thais-heed-call-to-help-ukraine|access-date=8 September 2023}}</ref> As of the same month, foreigners are given military training at [[Yavoriv military base]].<ref>https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/foreign-fighters-ukraine-await-weapons-chaos-war-83452681. [[ABC News]]. Retrieved 18 March 2022</ref> The [[Sibir Battalion]] has around 60 soldiers, according to [[estimate]]s (from 2023's fourth quarter); The soldiers are Russians that are fighting against Russia's armed forces.<ref>https://www.nrk.no/urix/xl/russere-kriger-under-ukrainsk-kommando-i-den-sibirske-bataljonen-1.16737699. Retrieved 5 February 2024</ref> Finland is one of the countries from which around 100 people have been fighting in Ukraine; Most of those people are back in Finland, according to [[estimation|estimates]] by broadcaster [[YLE]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Itsetuhoinen nuorukainen ja pörssiyhtiön päällikkö lähtivät Suomesta sotimaan Ukrainaan – tällaisia seurauksia heille sodasta oli |url=https://yle.fi/a/74-20075034 |website=Yle Uutiset |accessdate=20 February 2024 |language=fi |date=19 February 2024}}</ref> ===Adding soldiers to the Russian forces=== An article on website [[YLE]].fi (in 2023) wrote that an activist from [[Sakha Republic]], Russia, is saying that Russia is using minorities as soldiers- in a way that is a form of [[ethnic cleansing]]; Furthermore, the activist said that Russian authorities have picked up - by helicopter - indigenous people that are in the wilderness while they are [[herding]] reindeer; Thereafter indigenous people have been forced into military service.<ref>https://yle.fi/a/74-20060859. [[YLE]].fi. Retrieved 11 December 2023</ref> [[Vacío|Vacio]], a rapper, has been called in to military service [in 2024, two weeks] after going to a party called the [[Almost Naked Party]].<ref>https://www.vg.no/nyheter/utenriks/i/kEkdgB/rapper-paa-nakenfest-naa-er-han-innkalt-som-soldat. VG.no. Retrieved 9 January 2024</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-67827443. [[BBC]].com</ref> Authorities say that it was wrong to have the party while people are dying in [the war or] special military operation in Ukraine. In 2024, [[Narendra Modi|India's prime minister]] asked [Russia] for "the [[urgency|urgent]] return of Indian [... people] who had been [[recruitment|recruited]] to fight for the Russian army in Ukraine", according to media; Furthermore, those Indian people, said that "they had been misled [or [[deception|deceived]]] during recruitment".<ref name=ModiVisit2024/> ===Rebuilding infrastructure=== The [[Ukraine Recovery Conference]] was held (again) in 2024; The meeting was held in Germany; People who came, included [[official]]s from Ukraine and other countries (related page, [https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/recovery Recovery]). Earlier, 10 bridges [were] being sent (and paid for) by Norway's authorities, media said in December 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Norge sender ti broer til Ukraina – VG Nå: Nyhetsdøgnet |url=https://direkte.vg.no/nyhetsdognet/news/ntb-norge-sender-ti-bruer-til-ukraina.vYKPYMqHA|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=VG Nå |language=no}}</ref> ===Financial aid and countries gaining financially=== Many countries have given [[financial aid]] to Ukraine's government. At least one country has (as of April 28, 2024) had a (bigger or) increased [[income]] as a direct result of [Russian authorities using its [[natural gas]] supplies to finance the war, or] "Putin's ''natural gas'' war"; That (extra) income was more than 1500 billion Norwegian kroner, and 2% of that was given to Ukraine.<ref>[[Knut Roger Andersen]], [[Roy Conradi Andersen]], [[Nils August Andresen]], [[Jonas Bals]]. https://www.vg.no/nyheter/meninger/i/eM15ng/den-norske-ukraina-stoetten-maa-oekes-kraftig. Retrieved 2024-04-29</ref> Two days later, 6 billion Norwegian kroner were added by Norwegian authorites; That was on top of the 15 billion that those authorities already have given in 2024, in regard to military aid.<ref>https://www.nrk.no/nyheter/store_-regjeringen-vil-oke-stotten-til-ukraina-med-7-milliarder-1.16865941. Retrieved 2024-05-01</ref> Earlier (and as of 2023), at least one country has (earned or) profited [[Norwegian kroner]] 334 [[1,000,000,000|billion]], from the war, according to a thesis, for two masters degrees) [[Norges handelshøyskole|in Europe]].<ref>https://www.nrk.no/rogaland/fersk-masteroppgave_-norge-har-tjent-cirka-334-milliarder-kroner-pa-ukraina-krigen-1.16650318. [[NRK]].no. Retrieved 28 November 2023</ref> In 2024, [[Naomi Klein]] said that Norway's [[increase|increasing]] wealth or "[[World record|record]] profit, is [in part] a result of the war in Ukraine".<ref>"[happy birthday, Norway - now what] Gratulerer med dagen Norge - hva nå?"[[Klassekampen]] (2024-05-14) P.25</ref> Earlier (February 2023), [[Jonas Gahr Støre|Norway's prime minister]] said that Norway will give [[Norwegian kroner]] 15 billion, for one year's (financial aid or) "assistance package": half of the money will be spent on things related to the military; The other half will be spent on (civilians or) the [[civil]] sector. After the first year, Norway will give (over a four-year period), 60 billion Norwegian kroner.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2023 |title=75 milliarder kroner til Ukraina: - Dette er en beskjed til Moskva |url=https://www.vg.no/i/y6OQ82|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=www.vg.no |language=nb}}</ref> ===Visits by the leaders of countries and the most powerful international organisations=== Ukraine's president went (September 2024) to the United States; He had meetings with both [[candidate]]s for the 2024 presidential election; He also met [[Joe Biden|the U.S. president]], and had meetings "with U.S. [[lawmaker]]s [at or] on [[Capitol Hill]]".<ref>https://www.politico.com/news/2024/09/27/trump-zelenskyy-meeting-new-york-russia-war-00181429. Retrieved 2024-09-27</ref> Earlier, Ukraine's president went to the United States, and had meetings with U.S. politicians. ====Visits to Ukraine==== Leaders of other countries have visited the [[leadership]] of Ukraine. After the start of the 2022 invasion, the [[Boris Johnson|British prime minister]] was the first leader (of a country), to visit (April 9, 2022). [[Olaf Scholz|Germany's leader]] visited again, in late 2024. Earlier (2022), [[Emmanuel Macron|French president]] came, and [[Boris Johnson|British prime minister]] (visited in August 2022 and earlier that year).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kottasová |first=Ivana |date=24 August 2022 |title='Ukraine can and will win this war,' says Boris Johnson as he visits Kyiv on Ukraine's Independence Day |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/08/24/europe/boris-johnson-ukraine-visit-intl-gbr/index.html|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> [[Olaf Scholz|the German leader]], and [[Jonas Gahr Støre|Norway's prime minister]] came.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mikkelsen |first=Sigurd Falkenberg |date=20 February 2023 |title=Joe Biden kom til Kyiv med en tydelig beskjed til Vladimir Putin og Xi Jinping |url=https://www.nrk.no/ytring/joe-biden-kom-til-kyiv-med-en-tydelig-beskjed-til-vladimir-putin-og-xi-jinping-1.16305350|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=NRK |language=nb-NO}}</ref> In 2023, the [[Joseph Biden|United States' president]], came.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Morin |first=Kim Hjelmgaard and Rebecca |title=Joe Biden walks streets of Kyiv in surprise visit: 'Americans stand with you' |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2023/02/20/joe-biden-makes-surprise-visit-ukraine/11303232002/|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2024, [[Alexander Stubb|Finland's new president]] came. The [[Jens Stoltenberg|secretary-general of NATO]] came again (as late as 2024's second quarter). [[Charles Michel|The president of the European Council]] visited in 2023.<ref>11:59 | Veikko Eromäki | President of the European Council Charles Michel in Kyiv] https://yle.fi/a/74-20010573. Retrieved 21 November 2023</ref> In 2024, [[Narendra Modi|India's prime minister]] came.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/37840. Retrieved 2024-08-23</ref><ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/37861. Retrieved 2024-08-23</ref> The [[Mark Rutte|new secretary-general of NATO]] came to Ukraine; He had only been in office for two days (when he came in October).<ref>https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/rutte-pa-overraskende-kyiv-besok-la-meg-gjore-dette-krystallklart/s/5-95-2049249. Retrieved 2024-10-03</ref> ===Reactions in Ukraine=== The [[national team]]s of Ukraine, are not allowed to compete (in sports) against teams from Russia and Belarus; The laws of Ukraine are saying that (as of 2023).<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 April 2023 |title=Ukraina forbyr egne landslag å konkurrere mot russere og belarusere |url=https://www.aftenposten.no/sport/i/Knl92G/ukraina-forbyr-egne-landslag-aa-konkurrere-mot-russere-og-belarusere|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=www.aftenposten.no |language=nb}}</ref><ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/32238. Retrieved 2024-05-07</ref> Some [[influencer]]s have become [[Internet celebrity|internet celebrities]] because of the war. One of them is a soldier that operates [[drone]]s. He makes a [[cooking program]] on [[TikTok|a social media]] website.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/38089. Retrieved 2024-08-28</ref> If a Ukrainian man has three [or more] children, then he has (2025) no [[obligation]] to become a soldier.<ref>[[Igor Bondar]]. https://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/kronikk/i/Ppq8j6/vil-du-ha-mannen-din-i-live-faar-du-vaer-saa-god-aa-foede. Retrieved 2025-01-12</ref> == War crimes == {{See also|Bucha massacre}} 30 Ukrainian [[POW]]s have been executed (by members of the Russian military) over some months, according to a United Nations report ([[publication|published]] in March 2024).<ref>[https://ukraine.un.org/en/264355-report-human-rights-situation-ukraine-1-december-2023-29-february-2024?afd_azwaf_tok=eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9.eyJhdWQiOiJ1a3JhaW5lLnVuLm9yZyIsImV4cCI6MTcyNTg3MjUxNSwiaWF0IjoxNzI1ODcyMjE1LCJpc3MiOiJ0aWVyMS03Y2RmZDZiYjZiLWhuenZ4Iiwic3ViIjoiMTYwLjY3LjQ2LjM5IiwiZGF0YSI6eyJ0eXBlIjoiaXNzdWVkIiwicmVmIjoiMjAyNDA5MDlUMDg1NjU1Wi0xN2NkZmQ2YmI2YmhuenZ4bjkzdHZrcWF0czAwMDAwMDA3ejAwMDAwMDAwMGhtZ20iLCJiIjoiU0lFVW1FbWp0dF9pdldtMTFyNHNCaFV0b2o2U2lJQkV2NkVjVW9MRUxNdyIsImgiOiJOWmZOWFprcE9Nc1djQzEyOFZJcS1GZjJIclRoTGVpZnhwMmRaM2llRTdVIn19.BIdTjQPn47Nm1V9YLaxjdiGnX2mShHMsh6JT2hTzHELgrs2ERuG44OBIZ9Hmt-6PNT7pMkfTCWuYSetRl5LJFnpu_6oZjK_NWBMyX0Kbql_PihfB4XKBk_dUoXhh8b6Z_8g0n6DtNnlfHODwu2HyURDv3odMvyX83YlUQQRzZW-WaFppL1Wxr8btVBiP5kv_0VH87UVFCaiXwCySYrtYvnPBFtjSfQy0uEpgH_Z1tG9T8AstixM0ZI2CQdI7N1rfhb1tLpmVkolw9bQRu1I-fqAJVyWbNiza_tI03hSVup02J031xRE79lFyRRz6E_60gkGhqOJREhMEMHNKkYsqSw.WF3obl2IDtqgvMFRqVdYkD5s REPORT ON THE HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION IN UKRAINE: 1 December 2023 to 29 February 2024]. Retrieved 2024-09-10</ref><ref>https://www.nrk.no/urix/ukrainske-myndigheter_-russerne-henretter-ukrainske-krigsfanger-1.17036067. Retrieved 2024-09-10</ref> Earlier (2022), media said that the [[International Criminal Court]] has started [[International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine|an investigation]] into [[crimes against humanity]] in Ukraine since 2013, as well as [[War crimes in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|war crimes in the 2022 invasion]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Corder |first=Mike |date=3 March 2022 |title=ICC prosecutor launches Ukraine war crimes investigation |work=Associated Press |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-genocides-crime-war-crimes-europe-499d7b6a9e955f659284b2edc6f1c508 |url-status=live |access-date=9 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416220634/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-genocides-crime-war-crimes-europe-499d7b6a9e955f659284b2edc6f1c508 |archive-date=16 April 2022}}</ref> The Ukrainian [[court system]] has held trials regarding [[war crime]]s: *The first war crimes trial was held in May 2022, regarding a Russian soldier who was ordered [or told] to shoot a civilian;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61441907 |title=Ukraine begins first war crimes trial of Russian soldier |publisher=BBC |date=13 May 2022|access-date=13 May 2022}}</ref> He said that he is guilty; His [[punishment]] is a [[lifetime]] prison sentence;<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2022 |title=Russisk soldat dømt til livstid i fengsel for krigsforbrytelser |url=https://www.vg.no/i/k69jga|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=www.vg.no |language=nb}}</ref> His case is under appeal (as of 2022's second quarter).<ref>{{Cite web |last=NRK |date=23 May 2022 |title=Dømt for krigsforbrytelser - vil anke |url=https://www.nrk.no/nyheter/domt-for-krigsforbrytelser---vil-anke-1.15976889|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=NRK |language=nb-NO}}</ref> *Two Russian soldiers were found [[guilty]] of having fired rockets at 2 towns; 11 years and 6 months in prison, is the punishment.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2022 |title=Russiske soldater dømt til over elleve års fengsel for angrep på ukrainske landsbyer |url=https://www.dagsavisen.no/nyheter/verden/2022/05/31/russiske-soldater-domt-til-over-elleve-ars-fengsel-for-angrep-pa-ukrainske-landsbyer/|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Dagsavisen |language=no}}</ref><!--It was reported in April 2022 that Russian [[Prisoner of war]]s (POWs) in Ukraine were being tortured by the Ukrainian military and is to be investigated by the Ukrainian government.--><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2022 |title=Ukraine government investigates video alleged to show torture of Russian PoWs |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/28/ukraine-government-investigates-video-alleged-torture-russian-prisoners-of-war|access-date=9 April 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sputnik News (Ukraine, Russia, CIS & Baltics) |url=https://t.me/sputnik/887|access-date=6 April 2022 |website=Telegram}}</ref> A group of Ukrainian journalists, [[Bihus.info]], got (in 2024) a prize, partly for having uncovered war crimes by the Russian military; That Norwegian prize is [[Fritt Ord Award|Fritt Ord Award for]] [[freedom of the press]].<ref>https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/far-fritt-ord-pris-mens-krigen-raser-avslorer-de-korrupsjon/s/5-95-2024025. Retrieved 2024-09-18</ref> === A Russian on trial (in an EU country) === An EU country started (2024) a trial against [[Voislav Torden|a Russian citizen]]; He (idea or) [[intention]], is that he will [[appeal]] the [[guilty]] [[verdict]] (2025).<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cy83g975vyko. Retrieved 2025-03-17</ref><!--The court made a [[verdict]] in 2025.--><ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/41442. Retrieved 2024-11-01</ref><ref name=TrialStart/><ref>https://yle.fi/a/74-20120660. Retrieved 2024-10-31</ref> He is charged with 5 war crimes (as of 2024's fourth quarter).<ref name=Australia/> Police in an EU country [[suspicion|suspects]] [[Voislav Torden|a Russian citizen]] of committing war crimes in Ukraine in 2014.<ref name=TrialStart>https://www.nettavisen.no/jan-petrovskij/wagner-gruppen/ukraina/russisk-norsk-mann-risikerer-livstidsdom-for-krigsforbrytelser/s/5-95-2171129. Retrieved 2024-12-06</ref> Earlier (and as of December 2023), that Russian is under arrest in an EU-country.<ref>https://yle.fi/a/74-20064397. [[YLE]].fi. Retrieved 11 December 2023</ref><!--However, in February 2024, a [[lower court]] gave him a [[suspended sentence|suspended]] prison sentence of 40 days; That was in regard to two crimes that took place at a [[border crossing]] (when he went from Russia into the EU);--><!--Both crimes took place at the Vaalimaa border crossing.--><ref>https://yle.fi/a/74-20074298. Retrieved 13 February 2024</ref> Earlier (in 2023's fourth quarter), police started a [[preliminary]] investigation against [[Voislav Torden]], who is suspected of having done [[terrorism]] in Ukraine, and he is therefore suspected of having done at least one crime.<ref>https://yle.fi/a/74-20065254.[[YLE]].fi. Retrieved 15 December 2023</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Suomen keskusrikospoliisi aloitti esiselvityksen Voislav Tordenista – epäillään terrorismirikoksista Ukrainassa |url=https://yle.fi/a/74-20064209 |website=Yle Uutiset |accessdate=2024-02-13 |language=fi |date=9 December 2023}}</ref> <!--The prosecuting authority can make a [[decision]] (as early as December 11), about if the prosecuting authority will investigate him, in regard to terrorism.-->Earlier (December 2023), he was released from police [[Arrest|custody]] and immediately he was put into the custody of [[border guard]]s. Earlier his name was [[Yan Petrovsky]].<!-- <ref>{{cite news |title=Voislav Torden pääsi vankilasta, mutta pantiin säilöön – luovutuksesta Ukrainaan ei voida päättää vastoin KKO:n kantaa |url=https://yle.fi/a/74-20064028 |work=Yle Uutiset |date=8 December 2023 |language=fi}}</ref>--><ref> {{Cite web |last1=Lepperød |first1=Trond |last2=Svendsen |first2=Helle Lyng |date=29 August 2023 |title=Krever høyreekstrem russer med bånd til Norge utlevert |url=https://www.nettavisen.no/5-95-1292530|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Nettavisen |language=no}}</ref> (In 2022, the [[Rusich Group]] and its commanders Milchakov and [[Yan Petrovsky]] were included in the US sanctions list for their "special cruelty" in the battles in the [[Kharkiv Oblast|Kharkiv oblast]].)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Новые санкции США против россиян: семья Кадырова, детский омбудсмен и банкиры |trans-title= |url=https://t.me/bbcrussian/34611 |access-date=15 September 2022 |website=Telegram}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Russia-related Designations; Issuance of Russia-related General License and Frequently Asked Questions; Zimbabwe-related Designation, Removals and Update; Libya-related Designation Update |url=https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-sanctions/recent-actions/20220915 |access-date=20 September 2022 |website=U.S. Department of the Treasury |language=en}}</ref> A decision (in early December 2023) from [[Finland]]'s [[supreme court]], says that Torden will not be (handed over or) [[extradition|extradited]] to Ukrainian authorities. ==Weapons== [[File:Boeing GBU-39 Small Diameter Bomb.jpg|thumb|The [[Boeing GBU-39 Small Diameter Bomb|SDB]] (or ''Small Diameter Bomb'') is a bomb that becomes a [[glide bomb]] when the wings (come out or) are [[extension|extended]]. By adding some stuff, the SDB can become a ''Ground Launched Small Diameter Bomb'']] [[File:ATACMS Recertification.jpg|thumb|ATACMS rocket; A rocket is supposed to get checked again, if it stays out of use for a long time.<!--so that it can get certified again.-->]] Ukraine is using *[[Brimstone (missile)|Brimstone]];<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/47295. Retrieved 2025-02-17</ref> Those rockets (or [[missile]]s) are used against targets on the ground. It can be launched from the ground or by aircraft. *[[Ground Launched Small Diameter Bomb]] (or [[GLSDB]]),<ref>{{cite news |date=31 January 2024 |title=Ukraine's new 100-mile bomb from Boeing is ready, sources say |author=Mike Stone |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/ukraines-new-100-mile-bomb-boeing-is-ready-sources-say-2024-01-30/ |publisher=Reuters}}</ref> a kind of weapon that has a range of 151&nbsp;km (94 miles);<!--In February 2023, US [[authorities]] said that Ukraine will get [[Ground Launched Small Diameter Bomb]] (or [[GLSDB]]), a kind of weapon that has a [[range]] of 151&nbsp;km (94 miles).--><ref>{{Cite news |last=Stone |first=Mike |date=3 February 2023 |title=Longer-range rockets included in $2 bln U.S. pledge for Ukraine |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/longer-range-rockets-included-2-bln-pledge-ukraine-2023-02-03/|access-date=8 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Biden Administration Announces Additional Security Assistance for Ukraine |url=https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/3287992/biden-administration-announces-additional-security-assistance-for-ukraine/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defense.gov%2FNews%2FReleases%2FRelease%2FArticle%2F3287992%2Fbiden-administration-announces-additional-security-assistance-for-ukraine%2F|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=U.S. Department of Defense |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Stone |first=Mike |date=1 February 2023 |title=U.S. readies $2 billion-plus Ukraine aid package with longer-range weapons |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us-readies-2-bln-plus-ukraine-aid-package-with-longer-range-weapons-sources-2023-01-31/|access-date=8 September 2023}}</ref><!--Early 2024, is when Ukraine can possible have this kind of weapon.--><ref>{{cite web |last=Stone |first=Mike |date=30 November 2023 |title=Ukraine's new long-range rocket delivery from US pushed to next year |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraines-new-long-range-rocket-delivery-us-pushed-next-year-2023-11-30/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130203719/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraines-new-long-range-rocket-delivery-us-pushed-next-year-2023-11-30/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=30 November 2023 |website=Reuters}}</ref><!--Late 2023, is when Ukraine can possible have this kind of weapon.--><ref name="us-ukraine-mil-aid">{{cite web |last1=Seligman |first1=Lara |last2=McLeary |first2=Paul |title=New U.S. aid package includes longer-range bombs for Ukraine |work=[[Politico]] |date=3 February 2023 |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2023/02/03/ukriane-aid-includes-longer-range-bombs-00081112 | access-date=3 February 2023}}</ref> The weapon's [[warhead]] is on the [[glide bomb]] (the SDB or ''[[GBU-39 Small Diameter Bomb|Small Diameter Bomb]]''). The SDB is in use (since 2024's first quarter).<ref>{{cite web |date=15 February 2024 |title=Defense Express: Ukraine uses GLSDB for the first time in human history, shocks Russia |url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2024/02/15/defense-express-ukraine-uses-glsdb-for-the-first-time-in-history-shocks-russia/ |author=SERGE HAVRYLETS | access-date=15 February 2024 |website=euromaidanpress}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=14 February 2024 |title=Ground-Launched Small Diameter Bomb Makes Combat Debut In Ukraine |url=https://www.twz.com/news-features/ground-launched-small-diameter-bombs-make-combat-debut-in-ukraine |author=THOMAS NEWDICK |access-date=15 February 2024 |website=twz}}</ref> SDB [bombs] are likely<ref name=F16bag>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/36744. Retrieved 2024-08-01</ref> one of the weapons of the [[F-16]] [[fighter airplane]]s that Ukraine got (inside its borders), by the last day of July 2024. *[[ATACMS]] rocket, or [[MGM-140 ATACMS|Army Tactical Missile System]]; [At least] one type of ''long-range ATACMS'' is in use (as of 2024's second quarter); Those rockets can go either 270 km or 300 km (170 miles or<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2024/05/30/ukraines-atacms-rockets-are-severing-russian-supply-lines-into-crimea-but-the-last-line-is-the-toughest/. Retrieved 2024-06-04</ref> 190).<ref name=ThermalImaging/><ref>https://www.vg.no/nyheter/i/Gylz56/reuters-og-ap-ukraina-har-brukt-langdistanseraketter-som-i-all-hemmelighet-er-sendt-fra-usa. Retrieved 2024-04-24</ref> Another kind can go 165 km, and its [[warhead]] can have 500 kg of [[explosive]]s.<!--Ukraine is also using [as of 2024] a [[modification]] that can go as far as 165 km [and there are other kinds of ATACMS that can go farther; Ukraine does not have those, as of 2024's second quarter]; The [[warhead]] can contain 500 kg of [[explosive]]s.--><ref name=165km/> Some of the rockets have [[cluster bomb]]s: [[M74]] [[bomblet]]s.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/32022. Retrieved 2024-05-02</ref><ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/32022. Retrieved 2024-05-02</ref> The rockets use either of the (following) two kinds of rocket launchers: [[M142 HIMARS|HIMARS]] or the [[M270]]. The [[estimation|estimated]] prices of ATACMS: The price of the M39 is $1,476,000 (as of [[fiscal year]] 2022). The price of the M57 is about $1,700,000 (fiscal year 2021). *GMLRS rockets ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:GMRLS picture]); Those rockets in Ukraine have a range of at least {{cvt|84|km}},<ref>{{cite web |title=Guided Multiple Launch Rocket System/Guided Multiple Launch Rocket System Alternative Warhead (GMLRS/GMLRS AW) |url=https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/FOID/Reading%20Room/Selected_Acquisition_Reports/FY_2019_SARS/20-F-0568_DOC_34_GMLRSGMLRS_AW_SAR_Dec_2019_Full.pdf#page=15 |publisher=Defense Acquisition Management Information Retrieval |access-date=23 June 2022 |page=15}}</ref><ref name="Global Defense Corp 2022">{{cite web |title=Ukrainian Army Showcases New 90KM Range M31A1 GMLRS Projectile For HIMARS |website=Global Defense Corp |date=26 September 2022 |url=https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2022/09/27/ukrainian-army-showcases-new-90km-range-m31a1-gmlrs-projectile-for-himars/ | access-date=7 May 2023}}</ref><ref name=q3>{{Cite web |work=Army technology |url=https://www.army-technology.com/news/news69339-html/ |title=Lockheed Tests Improved GMLRS Rocket |date=8 November 2009}}</ref><ref>https://www.nrk.no/urix/ukraina-har-odelagt-russiske-helikoptre-_-med-amerikanske-raketter-1.16599371. Retrieved 18 October 2023</ref> 227mm is the [[diameter]] of the rockets **''HIMARS'' is an often-used name for a kind of [[rocket launcher]]: [[M142 HIMARS]]. It can carry one ATACMS rocket (or six GMLRS rockets), at a time. The launcher is sometimes called ''[[MLRS]]''. [[File:Army mlrs 1982 02.jpg|thumb|upright|The M270 rocket launcher]] :*[[M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System|M270]], a multiple [[rocket launcher]]; It can carry two ATACMS rocket (or 12 GMLRS rockets), at a time. The launcher is sometimes called ''MLRS''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2023 |title=VG ved fronten: Angriper russerne med norsk våpengave |url=https://www.vg.no/i/WRo42a|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=www.vg.no |language=nb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sæther |first=Tormod Malvin |date=19 January 2023 |title=Fredag annonseres ny våpenpakke til Ukraina. Da kan Krim bli truet |url=https://www.nettavisen.no/5-95-864336|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Nettavisen |language=no}}</ref> *[[M777]] [[howitzer]]s ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:M777_howitzer picture]; a kind of [[cannon]]); It uses 155mm [[Shell (projectile)|shells]].<ref name="ExcaliburRound">{{Cite web |last=Tiwari |first=Sakshi |date=12 May 2022 |title=American M777 Howitzers 'Wreak Havoc' On Russian Military As Ukraine Strikes Back To Save Donbas |url=https://www.eurasiantimes.com/american-howitzers-wreaking-havoc-on-russia-m777/|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Latest Asian, Middle-East, EurAsian, Indian News |language=en-US}}</ref> *[[M109 howitzer]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2022 |title=Ukrainsk general takker Norge for haubitser |url=https://www.vg.no/i/nWoP5o|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=www.vg.no |language=nb}}</ref> and shells with a range of 30&nbsp;km.<ref name="nrk.no"/> *[[Bohdana]], howitzer<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/31938. Retrieved 2024-05-01</ref> *[[Hawkeye (howitzer)]], 105mm shells, in use since 2024's second quarter<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/34852. Retrieved 2024-06-26</ref> *[[Phoenix Ghost]], a kind of [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|drone]] that can blow up (or [[explosive drone]]) or [[loitering weapon]];<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roblin |first=Sebastien |title=Ukrainian Commandos Decimate Russian Mechanized Force Using Racing Hobby Drones |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastienroblin/2022/12/29/ukrainian-commandos-decimate-russian-mechanized-force-using-racing-hobby-drones/|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> It can fly for up to 6 hours *[[AQ-400 Scythe|Scythe]], drone<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/analysis/30818. Retrieved 2024-04-15</ref> *[[NLAW]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:NLAW_in_Ukrainian_service picture]), shoulder-fired missile (or rocket); [[Battle tank]]s are one kind of target for those weapons.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sandberg |first=Hallvard |date=23 February 2023 |title=Dette er de ti viktigste våpnene for Ukraina |url=https://www.nrk.no/urix/dette-er-de-ti-viktigste-vapnene-for-ukraina-1.16276661|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=NRK |language=nb-NO}}</ref> *[[FGM-148 Javelin|Javelin]] [[anti-tank missile]] system *[[AIM-120 AMRAAM|AMRAAM]] rockets (for [[NASAMS]] II);<ref name="Oryx-12">{{Cite web |last=Oryx |title=Going Dutch Revisited: Dutch Military Aid To Ukraine |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/09/going-dutch-revisited-dutch-military.html |access-date=15 September 2022 |website=Oryx}}</ref> Ukraine has [[NASAMS]] [[air defense]] system.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nyborg |first=Øyvind |date=10 March 2023 |title=Forsvarsministeren møtte Zelenskyj i Kyiv: Norge gir luftvern |url=https://www.nrk.no/urix/forsvarsministeren-motte-zelenskyj-i-kyiv_-norge-gir-luftvern-1.16327257|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=NRK |language=nb-NO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 November 2022 |title=Ukraine Receives First Delivery of NASAMS Air Defence Systems |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2022-11-07/ukraine-receives-first-delivery-of-nasams-air-defence-systems-minister#:~:text=Ukraine%20Receives%20First%20Delivery%20of%20NASAMS%20Air%20Defence%20Systems,-By%20Reuters&text=%7C-,Nov.,2022%2C%20at%207%3A11%20a.m.&text=KYIV%20(Reuters)%20%2DUkraine%20has,Oleksii%20Reznikov%20said%20on%20Monday|access-date=8 September 2023}}</ref> *[[IRIS-T]], [[surface-to-air missile]]; It can go up to {{convert|20000|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level. It can travel {{convert|25|km|mi||abbr=on}} (but not higher than 20 km).<ref name="diehl">{{cite web |title=Diehl Defence: IRIS-T, the short-distance missile of the latest generation |url=http://www.diehl.com/en/diehl-defence/press-media/subjects-in-the-focus/iris-t-the-short-distance-missile-of-the-latest-generation.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330051726/http://www.diehl.com/en/diehl-defence/press-media/subjects-in-the-focus/iris-t-the-short-distance-missile-of-the-latest-generation.html|archive-date=30 March 2014|access-date=11 March 2015 |publisher=Diehl.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2022 |title=USA kiistää, että Ukrainaan toimitettavat ammukset aiheuttaisivat radioaktiivisen pilven |url=https://yle.fi/a/74-20010573|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Yle Uutiset |language=fi}}</ref> *[[ADM-160 MALD|ADM-160]], a kind of [[decoy missile]] (or a kind of [[Military dummy]]);<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/analysis/26746. Retrieved 26 January 2024</ref> ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ADM-160B_MALD_-_Air_Force_Armament_Museum.jpg picture]) *[[AGM-114 Hellfire|Hellfire]] (rockets or) [[surface-to-surface missile]]s; each of those missiles (in Ukraine) is fired from a [[Tripod (photography)|tripod]] that is put on the ground;<ref>{{Cite web |last=Helfrich |first=Emma |date=21 October 2022 |title=Ukraine Now Using Donated Shore Defense Missiles Against Land Targets |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/ukraine-now-using-donated-hellfire-based-shore-defense-systems-against-ground-targets|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=The Drive |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dalløkken |first=Per Erlien |date=8 September 2022 |title=Åttende våpendonasjon fra Norge – denne gang er det Hellfire-missiler |url=https://www.tu.no/artikler/attende-vapendonasjon-fra-norge-denne-gang-er-det-hellfire-missiler/522074|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Tu.no}}</ref> weight of the missile: 45kg. *[[CAESAR self-propelled howitzer|CAESAR (cannon or) howitzer]]<ref>{{Cite web |title= France Completes Training of Anna of Kyiv Brigade |url= https://mil.in.ua/en/news/france-completes-training-of-anna-of-kyiv-brigade/ |access-date=2024-11-16|website= mil.in.ua |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title= Ukrainian military completed training in France and received modern equipment |url= https://unn.ua/en/news/ukrainian-military-completed-training-in-france-and-received-modern-equipment |access-date=2024-11-16|website= UNN|language=en}}</ref> *[[Milan ATGM|Milan anti-tank (rocket or) missile]].<ref>{{Cite web |title= France Completes Training of Anna of Kyiv Brigade |url= https://mil.in.ua/en/news/france-completes-training-of-anna-of-kyiv-brigade/ |access-date=2024-11-16|website= mil.in.ua |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title= Ukrainian military completed training in France and received modern equipment |url= https://unn.ua/en/news/ukrainian-military-completed-training-in-france-and-received-modern-equipment |access-date=2024-11-16|website= UNN|language=en}}</ref> *[[Tryzub (weapon)|Tryzub]], a "laser system [... that] can down aircraft at [[altitude]]s" more than 2 kilometers<ref>https://kyivindependent.com/ukraine-unveils-laser-weapon-and-advanced-drone-technologies-commander-says/?utm_source=sdrn%3Avg%3Aarticle%3APpeg16. Retrieved 2024-12-16</ref> *[[ALQ-213(V)]], [[electronic warfare]] system; "It is almost certain that the [... system has been] installed" in some F-16 fighter jets (as of August 2024). <ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/analysis/38164. Retrieved 2024-08-30</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Model ! Picture ! [[Information|Info]] |- | [[Joint Direct Attack Munition|JDAM]]-ER (smart bomb or precision-guided munition) | [[File:US Navy 030228-N-4953E-001 Aviation Ordnanceman 2nd Class Kyle Marcinowski conducts a quality assurance check on a GBU-31 Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM).jpg|center|150x150px]] | Also known as [[GBU-31 JDAM-ER]].<ref name=LoadedForBear>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/36931. Retrieved 2024-08-05</ref> |- | [[AGM-88 HARM|HARM]] or [[AGM-88 HARM]] | [[File:AGM-88_HARM_on_F-4G.jpg|center|150x150px]] | A missile (or rocket) that can find a [[radar]] system, and then blow up the radar<ref>{{cite web |author1=Oren Liebermann |date=8 August 2022 |title=Pentagon acknowledges sending previously undisclosed anti-radar missiles to Ukraine |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/08/politics/anti-radar-missiles-ukraine-russia-pentagon/index.html |access-date=9 August 2022 |website=CNN |language=en-US}}</ref> It can be fired from aircraft. The rocket is supposed to blow up things on land or at sea. |- | [[AIM-9 Sidewinder|Sidewinder]] (missile or rocket) | [[File:US Navy 110201-N-8040H-328 Sailors assigned to Strike Fighter Squadron (VFA) 81 handle an AIM-9X Sidewinder air-to-air missile aboard the Nimitz-cl.jpg|center|150x150px]] | [[AIM-9 Sidewinder|AIM-9X Sidewinder IR]]<ref name=LoadedForBear/> |- | [[Armement Air-Sol Modulaire|HAMMER (bomb)]] | [[File:Aasm5.jpg|center|150x150px]] | The bomb is rocket-[[assistant|assisted]]. Full name, ''[[Armement Air-Sol Modulaire]]''<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/29091. Retrieved 7 March 2024</ref> (AASM) ('[[Module|Modular]] air-to-ground [[armament]]') The bomb gets dropped from Ukraine's [[MiG-29]] and [[Su-27]] airplanes.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/38688. Retrieved 2024-09-09</ref> |- | [[Storm Shadow]] ([[cruise missile]]s) | [[File:RAF_Museum,_Colindale,_London_-_DSC06025.JPG|center|150x150px]] | The missiles in Ukraine, can fly more than 250&nbsp;km (155&nbsp;mi),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sund-Henriksen |first=Jørn |date=13 May 2023 |title=Ukrainsk avansement ved Bakhmut |url=https://www.nettavisen.no/5-95-1094036|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Nettavisen |language=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mbda-systems.com/product/storm-shadow-scalp/ |title=STORM SHADOW / SCALP |publisher=MBDS Systems |access-date= 1 January 2022}}</ref> and they are [[launch]]ed from [[Sukhoi Su-24|a kind of bomber aircraft]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2023 |title=– Vi kommer til å bli overrasket. Og vi kommer til å bli lurt. |url=https://www.aftenposten.no/verden/i/Moq2gE/maner-til-sindighet-om-krigen-vi-er-vitne-til-et-virvar|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=www.aftenposten.no |language=nb}}</ref> The rockets use [[stealth technology]], according to Ukrainian media.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/38463. Retrieved 2024-09-05</ref> |- |[[BGM-71 TOW|TOW]] or [[BGM-71 TOW]] | [[File:ATGM_Stryker_firing_a_TOW_misile.jpg|center|150x150px]] |An anti-tank rocket; The name ''TOW'' comes from '''''T'''ube-launched, '''o'''ptically tracked, '''w'''ire-guided''; The warhead (in the picture) is blue; To its left is the rest of the rocket; The picture shows (thin) [[copper]] wires that are ("feeding" or) being fed out of the rocket; The wires are used to control the rocket. |- |[[Horizon's Lord]] | [[File:ArmyInform_snajperska-gvyntivka-yaka-shvydko-zminyuye-kalibry-pid-speczzavdannya_foto_3-1.jpg|center|150x150px]] |A rifle or [[anti-material rifle]].<ref>https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2021/08/20/ukrainian-pg-14-5-night-predator-anti-materiel-rifle/. Retrieved 2024-06-11</ref> It is also used by snipers;<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/24407. Retrieved 2024-06-11</ref> It can use ammunition of (different sizes, or) various [[caliber]]s. The rifle's Ukrainian name: [[Volodar Obriyu]]<ref name=TroneRifle/> |- |[[Ruger Precision Rifle|Ruger long-range rifle in .338 caliber]]<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/34900. Retrieved 2024-06-27</ref> | [[File:Ruger_Precision_Rifle_308_Gen_1.jpg|center|150x150px]] |It is used by [[sniper]]s. Ammunition used is [[.338]] [[caliber]] [[Lapua Magnum]]. |- |[[Victrix armaments|Victrix]] [[Trone (rifle)]] | <!--[[File:Ruger_Precision_Rifle_308_Gen_1.jpg|center|150x150px]]--> | These rifles are used by snipers of the AFU; Those rifles have bullets (with) .375 [[caliber]].<ref name=TroneRifle>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/37913. Retrieved 2024-08-26</ref> |- | [[M2 Bradley]] | [[File:M2A2 ODS-SA Bradley Fighting Vehicle.JPG|center|150x150px]] | an [[Military vehicle|infantry fighting vehicle]] in the family of [[Bradley Fighting Vehicle]]s; Its [[automatic weapon|automatic]] cannon uses 25mm [[ammunition]];<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/32411. Retrieved 2024-06-03</ref> About 190 have been given (as of 2024's first quarter); The type used is ''M2A2 ODS-SA'',<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/analysis/26992. Retrieved 3 February 2024</ref> which "stands for “'''O'''peration [[Desert Storm|'''D'''esert '''S'''torm]] – '''S'''ituational '''A'''wareness”, and that model has "[[improvement|improved]] electronics, optics, and protection systems".<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/50328. Retrieved 2025-04-07</ref> |- | [[Marder]] 1 | [[File:ILÜ_der_Bundeswehr_am_24.09.2012_--_Marder_AT_(cropped).jpg|150x150px]] | [[infantry fighting vehicle]] |- | [[Gepard (anti-aircraft)|Gepard]] | [[File:Gepard_1a2_overview.jpg|150x150px]] | Anti-aircraft gun; The vehicle has its own [[propulsion]] and two [[Autocannon|machine cannons or automatic cannons]]. |- | [[Skynex]] (part of [[Skyshield]] system) | [[File:Skynex SHORAD.jpg|150x150px]] | The anti-aircraft system has [[revolver cannon]]s; The systems can shoot at (a speed or) [[Rate (mathematics)|rate]] of 1,000 rounds per minute; It uses [[AHEAD ammunition]].<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/39617. Retrieved 2024-09-27</ref> |- | [[International MaxxPro|MaxxPro]] | [[File:Defense.gov photo essay 120630-A-3108M-012.jpg|center|150x150px]] | a kind of [[MRAP]] ([[combat vehicle]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2023 |title=MaxxPro affects the Russians as red affects a bull, Ukrainians say |url=https://bulgarianmilitary.com/2023/06/19/maxxpro-affects-the-russians-as-red-affects-a-bull-ukrainians-say/|access-date=8 September 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> (picture from Iraq) |- | [[M1126 infantry carrier vehicle|Stryker]] ([[Combat vehicle|armored personnel carrier]]) | [[File:Stryker_ICV_front_q.jpg|150x150px]] | <ref>https://defence-blog.com/ukraine-unveils-stryker-wheeled-armored-vehicles/. Retrieved 2024-08-14</ref> |- | [[Leopard 1|Leopard 1AV5]] | <!--[[File:UA_LMM_Martlet_02.jpg|150x150px]]--> | <ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/39110. Retrieved 2024-09-17</ref> |- | [[Stridsvagn 122|Strv 122]] | [[File:Strv122_3_cropped.jpg|center|150x150px]] | Full name: ''Stridsvagn 122''; The tank (or [[main battle tank]]) has much of its [[design]] from the [[Leopard 2]] tank. |- | [[T-72AG]] | <!--[[File:Strv122_3_cropped.jpg|center|150x150px]]--> | a [[tank]] or [[main battle tank]]<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/39184. Retrieved 2024-09-19</ref> |- | [[Martlet (missile)]] | [[File:UA_LMM_Martlet_02.jpg|150x150px]] | "Lightweight Multirole Missiles (LMM)" is another name for it.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/38543. Retrieved 2024-09-06</ref> It is used as a [[ground-to-air missile|ground-to-air rocket]], in Ukraine. |- | 'armoured howitzer 2000' [[Panzerhaubitze 2000]] | [[File:Lithuanian_PzH_2000_(2).jpg|150x150px]] | |- | [[NM189 Ingeniorpanservogn|Ingeniorpanservogn]] | <!--[File:Strv122_3_cropped.jpg|center|150x150px]]--> | a [[modification]] of [[Leopard 1]]; It is used for mine clearing.<ref name=IngeniorMineClear>https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/ukrainas-jernmann-innrommer-falt-dramatisk/s/5-95-1428530. [[Nettavisen]].no. Retrieved 2 November 2023</ref> |- | [[AMX-10RC]] | <!--[File:Strv122_3_cropped.jpg|center|150x150px]]--> | [[armored fighting vehicle]] (related page: [[military vehicle]]) |- | [[PTM-3 mine]] | [[File:Виставка_російської_техніки_на_Хрещатику,_2023._ПТМ-3.jpg|center|150x150px]] | Anti-tank mine<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/43317. Retrieved 2024-12-05</ref> |} === Surface-to-air rockets === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Model ! Picture ! [[Information|Info]] |- | [[MIM-104 Patriot|Patriot rockets]] (or missiles) | [[File:Flugabwehrraketnsystem PATRIOT der Bundeswehr.jpg|center|150x150px]] | <!--[[Range]]: it can go up to 160 km. -->It shoots down [[ballistic missile|ballistic rocket]]s, also.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/analysis/31024. Retrieved 2024-04-15</ref><ref>https://www.politico.eu/article/give-us-the-damn-patriots-ukraine-needs-air-defenses-now-minister-says/. Retrieved 2024-04-05</ref><br> [[Variant]] (or model) of MIM-104: *M902 Patriot PAC-3 |- | [[Buk missile system|Buk]] | [[File:Українські військовослужбовці непорушно стоять на захисті повітряних кордонів держави (31862270651).jpg|150x150px]] | 9K37 *9K37M1; [[FrankenSAM]], surface-to-air missile system that uses [c. 3 or] three different missiles: [[RIM-7 Sea Sparrow missiles|Sea Sparrow]], [[AIM-7 Sparrow]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/AIM-7_Sparrow picture]),<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/36666. Retrieved 2024-08-01</ref> and [[AIM-9_Sidewinder#Other_ground_launch_platforms|Sidewinder]], and [[MIM-104 Patriot|Patriot missiles and Patriot sensor elements]]; Those are launched from a [[Buk missile system|9K37 Buk]] missile launchers that has been [[modification|modified]] by Ukraine.<ref name=babua20240117>[https://babel.ua/news/102928-v-ukrajini-vpershe-zastosuvali-sistemu-ppo-proyektu-frankensam-zbili-shahed-na-vidstani-9-km In Ukraine, for the first time, the air defense system of the FrankenSAM — was used to bring down Shahed from a distance of 9 km], Lisa Brovko, babel.ua, 17 January 2024.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newsweek.com/what-frankensam-ukraine-reports-first-successful-use-new-weapon-1861685 |title=What Is FrankenSAM? Ukraine Reports First Successful Use of New Weapon |date=17 January 2024 |author=Kaitlin Lewis |website=Newsweek}}</ref><ref>[https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-says-using-frankensam-weapons-fusing-us-soviet-weapons-2023-12 Ukraine says it deployed its 'FrankenSAM' air-defense systems made from stitching together US and Soviet weapons]. ''[[Business Insider]]''. 28 December 2023.</ref><!--Modified to fire [[AIM-7 Sparrow]] or [[RIM-7 Sea Sparrow]] missiles.-->{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=213}} |} === Drones, sea drones and ground drones === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Model ! Picture ! [[Information|Info]] |- | [[Robot dog]] ([[ground drone]]) | <!--[[File:UA_LMM_Martlet_02.jpg|150x150px]]--> | They are used for "[[combat task]]s" (at least since 2024's third quarter) and ([[scout]]ing or) [[reconnaisance]]; The "second-generation [[Brit Alliance Dog]] (BAD2) is equipped with remote-sensing technology and a thermal camera, allowing it to" move thru difficult terrain, according to media.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/38721. Retrieved 2024-09-10</ref> ''[[Robodog]]'' is another name for ''robot dog''.<ref>https://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/robots/a61939495/ukraine-robodogs-against-russia/. Retrieved 2024-09-10</ref> Statements are being made, about "Vampire drones [are being used] to deliver robot dogs to positions" close to [the line of contact, and past it]", according to media.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/39516. Retrieved 2024-09-25</ref> |- | [[Droid TW 12.7]] | <!--[[File:UA_LMM_Martlet_02.jpg|150x150px]]--> | It has [[Trail|tracks]] [instead of wheels], and a "[[Browning]] 12.7 mm machine gun"; It is an [[unmanned ground vehicle]] ([[UGV]]).<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/43584. Retrieved 2024-12-10</ref> |- | [[Leleka-100]] | [[File:Leleka-100_UAV,_Kyiv_2021,_20.jpg|150x150px]] | A [[Loitering weapon]];<ref>https://yle.fi/a/74-20079843. Retrieved 2024-03-20</ref> |- | [[HX-2 “Karma”]], also known as "the Helsing kamikaze drone" or [[Mini-Taurus]] | <!--[[File:UA_LMM_Martlet_02.jpg|150x150px]]--> | Ukrainian forces are supposed to have them, by the end of 2024. They are made by [[Helsing]] (company).<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/43262. Retrieved 202-12-04</ref><ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/42445. Retrieved 2024-11-19</ref><ref>https://ukrainetoday.org/is-it-really-a-mini-taurus-what-are-the-capabilities-of-helsing-kamikaze-drones-which-germany-will-supply-to-ukraine/. Retrieved 2024-12-06</ref> |- | [[RAM-2X]] | <!--[[File:UA_LMM_Martlet_02.jpg|150x150px]]--> | Made in Ukraine; Picture has been shown in media (as early as 2024's fourth quarter<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/43378. Retrieved 2024-12-07</ref>) |- | [[RAM-II|RAM-2]] | [[File:Novator_w_RAM-2_CUAV,_Kyiv_2021,_02.jpg|150x150px]] | |- | [[Peklo]] | [[File:Peklo_missile_drone_(2024).jpg|150x150px]] | These rocket-drones are made in Ukraine; known since late 2024.<ref name=LordPeklo>https://www.nrk.no/urix/ukraina-vil-produsere-3000-missiler-i-2025_-_-veldig-ambisiost_-sier-missil-ekspert-1.17182783. Retrieved 2024-12-26</ref><ref>https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraine-shows-off-new-rocket-drone-bid-boost-long-range-strikes-2024-12-06/. Retrieved 2024-12-07</ref> |- | [[UJ-22 Airborne|UJ-22]] | [[File:UKRJET_UJ-22_Airborne,_Kyiv_2021,_07.jpg|150x150px]] |a [[drone|combat drone]], or an [[unmanned combat aerial vehicle]] (UCAV), or [[battlefield]] [[UAV]];<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nyfløt |first=Hilda Lishaugen |date=23 July 2023 |title=Dronekrigen |url=https://www.nrk.no/spesial/slik-ble-ukraina-krigen-verdens-forste-fullskala-dronekrig-1.16426350|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=NRK |language=nb-NO}}</ref> |- | [[Aeroprakt A-22 Foxbat|Foxbat]] | [[File:СЛА_и_АОН-Аэропракт_22,_Москва_-_Жуковский_(Раменское)_RP429.jpg|150x150px]] | drone<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/32834. Retrieved 2024-05-22</ref> |- | [[Sych]] or [[Sich]] (''Січ'')<ref>https://mil.in.ua/en/news/reconnaissance-men-received-a-batch-of-ukrainian-sich-uavs/. 2024-07-19. Retrieved 2024-07-24</ref> | | These drones have become [[combat drone]]s after getting (changes or) [[modification]]s.<ref name=SychEarlySource>https://www.uasvision.com/2024/02/29/defence-intelligence-of-ukraine-discusses-sych-uav-operations/. Retrieved 2024-04-02</ref> They were first (shown or) presented<ref name=SychEarlySource/> as being used for ([[scouting]] or) [[reconnaisance]]. |- | [[AeroVironment RQ-20 Puma|Puma]] | [[File:RQ-20B_Puma_unmanned_aerial_system.png|150x150px]] | drone |- | [[Bobr]] kamikaze drone | <!--[[File:RQ-20B_Puma_unmanned_aerial_system.png|150x150px]]--> | [[kamikaze drone]] |- | [[Baba Yaga (aircraft)|Baba Yaga]] ('witch') | [[File:UA_Vampire_UCAV_01.jpg|150x150px]] | [[bombing|bomber]] drone;<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/analysis/32482. Retrieved 2024-05-11</ref><ref>https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/346410. Aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 23 October 2023</ref><ref>https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/russerne-slar-alarm-om-super-drone-skaper-mange-problemer/s/5-95-1407296. Retrieved 23 October 2023</ref> Other names: ''Vampire''<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/34777. Retrieved 2024-06-24</ref> |- | [[Palianytsia]] (drone) | [[File:Ukraine Palianytsia.png|150x150px]] | The kind of ''missile system'' is, [[rocket drone]]; Sometimes it is called [[Palyanytsya]],<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/38688. Retrieved 2024-09-09</ref> a "[[jet engine|jet]]-powered kamikaze drone".<ref>https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-long-range-palianytsia-rocket-drone-hybrid-russia-war-2024-8. Retrieved 2024-08-26</ref> [[Kyiv Post]], showed a picture "[... that maybe is of] the Palianytsia [[hybrid]] missile drone" (2024's fourth quarter).<ref name=Brakestop>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/39857. Retrieved 2024-10-01. Quote: "of a jet-powered drone which may or may not be the Palianytsia hybrid missile drone."</ref> |- | [[Lyutyy (drone)]], sometimes spelled ''[[Liutiy]]'' | | Its warhead is 50 kg when its mission is 1.000 km.<ref name=feroc/> A 75 kg warhead has a range of "less than 800 kilometers (500 miles)".<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/40691. Retrieved 2024-10-18</ref> ''Liutiy'' means ''[[ferocity|fierce]]''.<ref name=feroc>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/32898. Retrieved 2024-05-22</ref> |- | [[DJI Mavic|Mavic]] | [[File:UA DPSU Mavic operators 02.jpg|150x150px]] | <ref name=CommanderInterview>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/38057. Retrieved 2024-08-31</ref> |- | [[DJI Matrice|Matrice]] | [[File:DJI_Matrice_300_RTK.jpg|150x150px]] | <ref>https://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/kronikk/i/PpdeOJ/slik-bidrar-ukraina-til-aa-loese-globale-problemer. Retrieved 2024-08-05</ref> |- | [[Baykar Bayraktar TB2|Bayraktar TB2]] | <!--[[File:СЛА_и_АОН-Аэропракт_22,_Москва_-_Жуковский_(Раменское)_RP429.jpg|150x150px]]--> | combat drone<ref>{{cite web |author1=David Axe |title=Ukraine Reportedly Has 20 TB-2 Drones. They Might Not Matter In A Wider War With Russia. |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2022/02/08/ukraines-got-20-tb-2-drones-it-might-not-matter-in-a-wider-war-with-russia/?sh=3b6c3bce353f |website=Forbes.com |accessdate=4 March 2022 |date=8 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ukraine's Turkish-made Bayraktar drones shot down – Russia |url=https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/30315-ukraines-turkish-made-bayraktar-drones-shot-down-russia |date=24 February 2022 |website=Aero Time Hub}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ukraine receives new batch of Bayraktar TB-2 drones from Turkey |url=https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/30352-ukraine-says-it-received-new-batch-of-bayraktars-from-turkey |date=2 March 2022 |website=Aero Time Hub}}</ref> |- | [[DJI|Agras T30]]<br>that has<br>been<br>changed | | <ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/39090. Retrieved 2024-09-17</ref> |- | [[Punisher (drone)|UA Dynamics Punisher]] | [[File:Punisher-0694.jpg|150x150px]] | Ordnance dropping drones<ref>{{Cite web |last=Waldmann |first=Nils |date=2022-03-07 |title="Punisher Drohne" soll "Erfolge" in der Ukraine feiern |url=https://www.drone-zone.de/punisher-drohne-soll-erfolge-in-der-ukraine-feiern/ |access-date=2022-08-22 |website=Drone-Zone.de |language=de-DE}}</ref> |- | Revolver 860 | | Ordnance dropping drones<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4630475 | title=Taiwan's Revolver 860 combat drones being used by Ukrainians on battlefield| date=18 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/08/a-kindred-spirit-taiwans-aid-to-war.html | title=A Kindred Spirit: Taiwan's Aid to War-Torn Ukraine}}</ref> |- | Drone that throws flames, or "[[Dragon drone]]" | | <ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/39688. Retrieved 2024-09-28</ref> Ukraine is "using fire-spewing [or [[flame thrower|flame throwing]]] drones against Russian positions in [[tree line]]s and forests" (2024's third quarter).<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/38609. Retrieved 2024-09-09</ref> |- | [[3310 (drone)]] | | Its purpose "is to destroy [Russian] drones" that have flown into Ukraine.<ref>https://yle.fi/a/74-20010573. Retrieved 2024-09-09</ref> |- | [[Teledyne FLIR Black Hornet Nano|Black Hornet Nano]] | [[File:Black Hornet Nano Helicopter UAV.jpg|150x150px]] | |- | [[Vector (drone)|Vector]] | | Drone used for [[scout]]ing (or [[reconnaissance]] and [[observation]]<ref>https://www.nrk.no/norge/forsvaret-henger-etter-i-drone-kapplopet-1.17026619. Retrieved 2024-09-18</ref> The drone is made by [[Quantum-Systems]] (a company). |- | [[Ukrspecsystems Shark]] | [[File:BPLA Shark.jpg|150x150px]] | <ref name=TorMissl/> |- | [[AeroVironment RQ-11 Raven|Raven]] | [[File:RQ-11B Raven Blackfoot Company, 1st Battalion, 501st Parachute Infantry Regiment, 4th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Airborne), 25th Infantry Division Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska (cropped).jpg|150x150px]] | <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.unian.net/war/1439868-ssha-peredali-ukrainskim-voennyim-72-bespilotnika.html |title=США передали украинским военным 72 беспилотника |access-date=2016-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728161209/http://www.unian.net/war/1439868-ssha-peredali-ukrainskim-voennyim-72-bespilotnika.html |archive-date=2016-07-28 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://military-informant.com/airforca/ukraina-v-blizhayshee-vremya-poluchit-razvedyivatelnyie-bespilotnyie-apparatyi-rq-11b-raven.html |title=Украина в ближайшее время получит новые разведывательные беспилотные аппараты RQ-11B "Raven" |date=25 July 2016 |access-date=2016-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728015406/http://military-informant.com/airforca/ukraina-v-blizhayshee-vremya-poluchit-razvedyivatelnyie-bespilotnyie-apparatyi-rq-11b-raven.html |archive-date=2016-07-28 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | [[AeroVironment Switchblade|Switchblade 600]] | [[File:Switchblade 300 launch.jpg|150x150px]] | <ref name=TorMissl>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/41314. Retrieved 2024-10-30</ref> |- | [[Kazhan]] |<!-- [[File:Switchblade 300 launch.jpg|150x150px]]--> | "[[strike drone]]"<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/44951. Retrieved 2025-01-06</ref> |- | [[Shield AI MQ-35A V-BAT|V-BAT]] |[[File:V-BAT_lands_on_USS_Carter_Hall.jpg|150x150px]] | It can do [[vertical take-off and landing]].<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/45322. Retrieved 2025-01-13</ref> |- | [[Skydio X-10|X-10]] | [[File:Skydio X10 in flight.jpg|150x150px]] | The drone has been tested by Ukraine (as of 2024).<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/41428. Retrieved 2024-11-01</ref> |- | [[Matki]] ([[mothership]] drone) | | <ref>https://www.aftenposten.no/verden/i/KMkpPM/krigen-i-ukraina-mamma-dronen-gir-russerne-sjokk. Retrieved 2025-02-11</ref> |- | [[MAGURA V5]] (sea drone) | [[File:Stamp_of_Ukraine_s2086.jpg|150x150px]] | a [[sea drone]] or [[unmanned surface vehicle]] ([[USV]]);<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/32172. Retrieved 2024-05-06</ref> Its "[[R-73]] missile [can [[explosion|explode]] on targets that are more than 300 m away, or] has a “[[dead zone]]” of about 300 meters (984 feet)", according to media.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/41062. Retrieved 2024-10-25</ref> One of these drones shot down 1 or 2 Russian helicopters on 2024's last day; Another Russian helicopter was damaged.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/44776. Retrieved 2025-01-03</ref> |- | [[Sea Baby]] (sea drone) | [[File:Ukrainian marine drones.jpg|Ukrainian marine drones|150x150px]] | <ref name=BabyAndKozakMamai>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/38500. Retrieved 2024-09-05</ref> |- | [[Kozak Mamai]] (sea drone) | <!--[[File:Stamp_of_Ukraine_s2086.jpg|150x150px]]--> | <ref name=BabyAndKozakMamai/> |- | Stalker (sea drone) | | [[sea drone]]<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/34409. Retrieved 2024-06-17</ref> |- |} "Jamming systems used [against drones] at [the front line or] the zero-line [use or] covered [[frequencies]] from 350 MHz to 950 MHz, but an attack drone [... was found by soldiers, that was using or] operating on 150 MHZ, something they had not seen before", according to media in 2025.<ref>Troy Smothers. https://www.kyivpost.com/post/51313. Retrieved 2025-04-27</ref> [[UX 11]] Colibri; Some kamikaze drones have been shipped to Ukraine, by France; They are expected to arrive "a few days" after the beginning of November 2024.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/41490. Retrieved 2024-11-02</ref> As of 2024's third quarter, Ukraine is making (its own) "[[Device controller|flight controllers]] and motor speed [[regulator]]s" for drones, but the "engines and [[control unit]]s are still Chinese"; [[Manufacturing|Production]] is going on in the Ukrainian city of [[Lviv]].<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/videos/38462. Retrieved 2024-09-05</ref> [[Warhead]]s "from the [...] [[FGM-148 Javelin|Javelin]] anti-tank system [... have sometimes been used] in [[first-person view]] (FPV) attack drones", according to media (in 2024).<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/39197. Retrieved 2024-09-19</ref> [[Lord (drone)]] is still [being [[construction|constructed]] or] under [[Technology development|development]] (as of 2024's fourth quarter); The range of those drones is supposed to be 2000 km.<ref name=LordPeklo/> In regard to some drones, that are missiles; "Long-range one-way-[[attack drone]]s are [[essense|essentially]] a type of [missile or] missile projectile", according to [at least] one expert (in 2024).<ref>https://missilematters.substack.com/p/ukraine-is-droning-on. Retrieved 2024-12-29</ref> [[Mothership drone]]s are in use.<ref>https://www.aftenposten.no/verden/i/KMkpPM/krigen-i-ukraina-mamma-dronen-gir-russerne-sjokk. Retrieved 2025-02-18</ref> === No longer used by Ukrainian forces === No longer supplied to Ukrainian forces, *[[M982 Excalibur|Excalibur]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:M982_Excalibur Picture]) [[155 mm]] [[artillery shells]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Artillery_ammunition picture]); This kind of [[ammunition]] for [[artillery]], has a "range of up to 40 kilometers" (related page, [[shell (projectile)]]). Its projectile can be [[steering|steered]] after being fired. In 2024, there was an end to (turning over to, or) giving this kind of shell to Ukrainian forces.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/analysis/33448. Retrieved 2024-05-29</ref><ref name=ExcaliburRound/><ref>{{Cite web|last=Manley|first=Cameron|date=2024-05-26|title=US Gave up Sending Ukraine $100K Excalibur Shells, Rarely Hit Targets: Report|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/us-gave-up-sending-ukraine-100k-excalibur-shells-hit-targets-2024-5|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526132645/https://www.businessinsider.com/us-gave-up-sending-ukraine-100k-excalibur-shells-hit-targets-2024-5|archive-date=2024-05-26|access-date=2025-05-01|website=Business Insider}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Russian jamming leaves some high-tech US weapons ineffective in Ukraine|url=https://www.stripes.com/theaters/europe/2024-05-24/russian-jamming-high-tech-weapons-ukraine-13964032.html|access-date=2025-05-01|website=Stars and Stripes|language=en}}</ref> === Used by Russian forces === Russia is using [[File:Tactical exercises of Radiological, Chemical and Biological Protection Troops units at Shikhani training ground (410-1).jpg|thumb|[[TOS-1A]] [[rocket launcher]]s on the ground and two rockets in the air (Picture from 2011)]] *[[Gerbera (drone)]], known to have been used as early as 2024's third quarter.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/36577. Retrieved 2024-07-30</ref> *[[Parodiya (drone)]], used as a [[decoy]]; The main "mission [of these airplanes] is to [[spoofing|spoof]] more expensive strike drones [... used by Ukraine, according to] military analysts"; Parodiya drones have a [[Luneburg lens|Luneburg sphere]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:L%C3%BCneburg_lenses picture]).<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/42118. Retrieved 2024-11-13</ref> *[[TOS-1]] (''ТОС-1''),<ref name="MeteoritVehicle">{{Cite web |date=31 May 2022 |title=Han er alene i skyttergraven. Så kommer russerne. Slik utkjempes slaget i Donbas.|trans-title=He is alone in the trench. Then the Russians come. This is how the battle is fought in Donbas |url=https://www.aftenposten.no/verden/i/WjP0ok/meter-for-meter-kommer-russerne-naermere-slik-utkjempes-slaget-i-donbas|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=www.aftenposten.no |language=nb}}</ref> a multiple [[rocket launcher]] that can also use rockets with [[thermobaric weapon|thermobaric warheads]]; Those [[warhead]]s kill through "[[longitudinal wave|pressure wave]], and more importantly, the [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/subsequent#:~:text=subsequent%20%28not%20comparable%29%20Following%20in%20time%3B%20coming%20or,in%20China.%20Following%20in%20order%20of%20place%3B%20succeeding. subsequent] [ [[decompression]] of air - sometimes called a ''vacuum'' ...], which [[Pneumothorax|ruptures the lungs]].{{nbs}}... If the fuel [burns or] [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deflagration deflagrates] but does not [... explode], victims will be [[severity|severely]] burned and will probably also [... breathe] the burning fuel".<!-- [... The] most common FAE fuels [or [[fuel-air explosion]] fuels], [[ethylene oxide]] and [[propylene oxide]], are highly toxic"; Breathing unexploded FAE adds to the risk of (related) death.--><ref name=HRW1>{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2000/02/01/backgrounder-russian-fuel-air-explosives-vacuum-bombs |title=Backgrounder on Russian Fuel Air Explosives ("Vacuum Bombs") &#124; Human Rights Watch |publisher=Hrw.org |date=1 February 2000 |access-date=23 April 2013 |archive-date=10 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130210004254/http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2000/02/01/backgrounder-russian-fuel-air-explosives-vacuum-bombs |url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[HESA Shahed 136|Geran-2]] and [[Shahed-136]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Russia Receives New Batch Of Iranian Drones – UKR Official |url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202212199035|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Iran International |date=19 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref> a family of drones that can blow up (or explosive drone; see [[explosive]]) *[[T-90]] tanks, [[ T-90M]]<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/36526. Retrieved 2024-07-29</ref> and T-90S (which is the kind which Russia sells to other countries, or ''export version'')<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sæther |first=Tormod Malvin |date=6 January 2023 |title=Dette bildet kan være et tegn på en russisk krise: – Begynner å nå bunnen |url=https://www.nettavisen.no/5-95-837284|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Nettavisen |language=no}}</ref> *[[ZALA Lancet|Lancet]], a family of drones;<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jentoft |first=Morten |date=28 January 2023 |title=Zelenskyj sier at situasjonen er akutt ved fronten i Donetsk |url=https://www.nrk.no/urix/zelenskyj-sier-at-situasjonen-er-akutt-ved-fronten-i-donetsk-1.16274619|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=NRK |language=nn-NO}}</ref> ''Lancet 3'' has a range of 50&nbsp;km.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Loe |first=Isak Løve Pilskog |date=26 July 2023 |title=Dette er det russiske våpenet som truer ukrainske stridsvognene |url=https://www.nrk.no/urix/dette-er-det-russiske-vapenet-som-truer-ukrainske-stridsvognene-1.16487158|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=NRK |language=nb-NO}}</ref> *[[R-77]], [[Air-to-air missile|air-to-air]] [[missile]];<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/analysis/30419. Retrieved 2024-04-02</ref> also [[R-37]] *[[MT-LB]]V, a kind of [[armoured personnel carrier]], which is a kind of [[Military vehicle#Combat vehicles|combat vehicle]];<ref>{{Cite web |last=Viken |first=Vetle Ravn |date=9 March 2023 |title=«Frankenstein-vogner» forbløffer: – Ganske kraftig skyts |url=https://www.nettavisen.no/5-95-959377|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Nettavisen |language=no}}</ref> [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/MT-LB Picture] *[[Kinzhal]] ('[[dagger]]'), missile; This kind has been used 3 times in 2022;<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 August 2022 |title=Russia says it has deployed Kinzhal hypersonic missile three times in Ukraine |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-says-it-has-deployed-kinzhal-hypersonic-missile-three-times-ukraine-2022-08-21/|access-date=8 September 2023}}</ref> and six times in 2023's first quarter<ref>{{Cite news |title=Russia's war in Ukraine - Ukraine's infrastructure was hit by dozens of missile strikes Thursday |last1=Magramo |first1=Kathleen |last2=Guy |first2=Jack |last3=Sangal |first3=Aditi |last4=Vogt |first4=Adrienne |last5=Meyer |first5=Matt |publisher=CNN |date=9 March 2023 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/russia-ukraine-war-news-03-09-23/index.html}} See entry at 18:29</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/putin-fires-first-barrage-of-nuclear-capable-hypersonic-missiles |title=Putin Fires First Barrage of Nuclear-Capable Hypersonic Missiles |agency=Reuters |author1=Philippe Naughton |author2=Shannon Vavra |date=9 March 2023 |access-date=9 March 2023}}</ref> However, The [[Financial Times]] said that "about 15" had been fired at Ukraine, until the rocket attacks on 9 March.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Olearchyk |first1=Roman |last2=Hall |first2=Ben |date=10 March 2023 |title=Military briefing: Russian hypersonic missiles bring new menace to Ukraine |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/e85762ec-ccc5-43e4-896c-074a451dad30|access-date=8 September 2023}}</ref> *[[R-330Zh Zhitel]],<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/30398. Retrieved 2024-04-01</ref> signal jamming equipment for [[electronic warfare]]; [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:R-330Zh Picture] *[[K-300P Bastion-P]] (NATO reporting name ''[[SS-C-5]] Stooge''), a ''mobile coastal defence missile system''.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/30884. Retrieved 2024-04-10</ref> *[[Borisoglebsk-2]], [[electronic warfare]] (EW) system; It is [fastened to - or] mounted on a MT-LBu (ground) vehicle.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/30943. Retrieved 2024-04-11</ref> *[[Murom (disambiguation)|Murom]]-M, [[airspace]] surveillance system;<ref name=ThermalImaging>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/31638. Retrieved 2024-04-25</ref> It can do [[thermal imaging]].<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/38134. Retrieved 2024-08-30</ref><ref>https://stilsoft.su/products/murom1-en. Retrieved 2024-04-25</ref> *Kasta-2E2, a radar from the [[Kasta 2E]] family of radars ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kasta_2E picture]); It is used for ''[[early warning]]''.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/33714. Retrieved 2024-06-03</ref> *[[S-500 missile system|S-500 Prometheus]] [[Surface-to-air missile|Surface-to-air rockets]] system; Parts of the system are on Crimea (as of 2024's second quarter); The system has 77P6 launch vehicle, 55K6MA and 85Zh6-2 command posts, the 91N6A(M) radar for "acquisition and battle management", the 96L6-TsP [radar for] ([ [[target acquisition]] or) "acquisition", the 76T6 radar for multimode and 77T6 radars [for ABM engagement]; These things are fastened to [[BAZ]] trucks or trailers.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/35042. Retrieved 2024-06-28</ref><ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/analysis/34339. Retrieved 2024-06-17</ref> *"2S6 “Tunguska” <ref name=TunguskaHyacinth>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/31649. Retrieved 2024-04-25</ref> *Hyacinth-S 152-mm self-propelled gun 2S5<ref name=TunguskaHyacinth/> *[[KAB-500S-E]], a [[guided bomb]]; It uses [[GLONASS|satellite navigation]].<!--not according to English-wiki: a [[glide bomb]];--><ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/analysis/32006. Retrieved 2024-05-04</ref> The bomb can be dropped from as high as 5,000 m (16,000 ft); While it is falling, it can end up (''operational'' range), 40 km away or less. It does not have a [[propulsion]] system. Sometimes it is called a ''glide bomb''.<ref>https://www.nrk.no/urix/russiske-glidebomber-er-en-stor-trussel-i-ukraina-1.16892211. Retrieved 2024-05-25</ref> It is part of the [[KAB-500]] family of bombs. *[[Qaem]]-5 ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Qaem-5 picture]), a guided bomb *so-called [[barn tank]]s<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/33022. Retrieved 2024-05-22</ref> (related page, [[barn]]) are also known as [''turtle tank'' or] ''turtle'' or ''[[blyat-mobile]]''<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/34428. Retrieved 2024-06-17</ref> *[[T-80]], tank or ''main battle tank''; It is "less widely use in the Russian army than the T-72" (as of 2024); There were only 360 in the Russian army (as of 2000).<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/33657. Retrieved 2024-06-03</ref> The "secret Russian Volnorez (Breakwater) counter-drone electronic warfare (EW) system" has been found on [at least one] T-80, according to media; That system was installed on the tank.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/37479. Retrieved 2024-08-16</ref> *[[Pantsir missile system|Pantsir]] rocket ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pantsir-S1 picture]), also called "Greyhound", by NATO; [[surface to air]] missile; It costs c. 13 million [[U.S. dollars]] [internationally].<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/34155. Retrieved 2024-06-12</ref> The S-1 model is [one of the [[Scientific model|models]]] in use.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/38003. Retrieved 2024-08-27</ref> *[[R-419GM|Granit-M]] or R-419GM ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B8_%D0%A0-416%D0%93%D0%9C_%C2%AB%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82-%D0%9C%C2%BB.jpg picture]), a [[radio relay|radio-relay]] station; It costs 25 million [[U.S. dollars]].<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/34226. Retrieved 2024-06-13</ref> *[[2S19 Msta-S|Msta-S]], howitzer; It has its own [[propulsion]].<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/35209. Retrieved 2024-07-03</ref> *[[Buk-M1-2]]; "The latest version<!--, the Buk-M1-2--> [...] is estimated to cost around $100 million" (as of 2024), according to media.<ref name=F16bag/> *[[Sapphire (electronic warfare system)]], in use since 2023 (at least)<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/38109. Retrieved 2024-08-29</ref> *[[Buk-M3]]<ref name=SecondBukOctober>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/41127. Retrieved 2024-10-25</ref> *[[Buk-M2]]<ref name=SecondBukOctober/> *[[ZFB-05 Xinxing|ZFB-05]], [[combat vehicle|armored personnel carrier]] *[[Tor missile system]]; The [[SA-15 Gauntlet|Gauntlet]] air defense system is a part of it.<ref name=TorMissl/> *[[Kh-59]]MK, [[cruise missile]]<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/41866. Retrieved 2024-11-07</ref> *PARS-S Stepashka, [[anti-drone rifle]] (or gun); Ukrainian authorities has taken apart, one of those weapons (as of 2024).<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/42632. Retrieved 2024-11-22</ref> *[[BMD-4]], [[combat vehicle|infantry fighting vehicle]] that can cross deep water; [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:BMD-4 picture] *[[Zoopark-1|Zoopark]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1L219_Zoopark picture]), [[radar]] system<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/43057. Retrieved 2024-11-29</ref> *[[Oreshnik (missile)]]<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/42674. Retrieved 2024-11-22</ref> Russia has *"[[9C19 Ginger]], this Soviet-era self-propelled sector survey radar station is [a part of, or] an integral component of the [[S-300]]V"<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/29358. Retrieved 2024-03-12</ref> *[[TOS-2]], a [[thermobaric weapon]]<ref name="AirForBreathing">{{Cite news |title=Ukraine war latest news: Zelensky visits troops in Kharkiv region |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-61612803|access-date=8 September 2023 |language=en-gb}}</ref> (also called [[aerosol bomb]], a [[vacuum bomb]] or a [[fuel air explosive]] (FAE)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrison |first=Virginia |date=1 March 2022 |title=What are thermobaric weapons and how do they work? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/01/what-are-thermobaric-weapons-and-how-do-they-work |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301070535/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/01/what-are-thermobaric-weapons-and-how-do-they-work}}</ref>) *[[Izdeliye-55]], or '[[Product 55]] (drone)<ref>https://defence-industry.eu/izdeliye-55-zala-aero-introduces-new-type-of-loitering-munition/. Retrieved 2024-08-23</ref> ===Used by both sides=== *[[fiber-optic drone]]s; Those have a [[fiber optics|fiber-optic]] line that rolls out of a [[spool]], as the drone moves away from where it was launched.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/43272. Retrieved 2024-12-13</ref> *[[Cluster bomb]]s<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lendon |first=Brad |date=7 July 2023 |title=What are the cluster munitions the US is supplying Ukraine with and why are they so controversial? |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/07/europe/cluster-munitions-us-ukraine-aid-explainer-intl-hnk-ml/index.html|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> *[[2S7 Pion]], cannon with its own [[propulsion]] system; The cannon uses 203 mm shells.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/37275. Retrieved 2024-08-12</ref> *[[AZP S-60]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:S-60_57_mm_gun picture]), [[Anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft gun]]; Ammunition can be found so that the gun can be used for [attacks on armored vehicles] "anti-armor or [attacks on groups of soldiers or] anti-personnel roles".<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/35357. Retrieved 2024-07-05</ref> * [[UR-77 Meteorit]], [[mine clearing]] vehicle; It has also been used to clear a way - 6 metres wide and up to 90 meters long, for Russian forces to get into [[trenches]] that are held by Ukrainian forces.<ref name=MeteoritVehicle/><ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/06/02/ukarine-russia-counteroffensive-defenses-fortifications/UR-77. [[Washington Post]]. Retrieved 3 June 2023</ref>{{Dead link}} *[[T-72]]B3M, a tank (or [[main battle tank]]).<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/30834. Retrieved 2024-04-09</ref> It is part of the ''[[T-72 family]]'' of tanks. ===Loss of aircraft=== Russia has lost at least 200 [[combat airplane]]s and helicopters (as of 2024's second quarter), according to [[Oryx (organisation)|Oryx (an organisation)]].<ref>https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/en-akilleshal-for-det-russiske-luftvapenet/s/5-95-1780414. Retrieved 2024-04-27</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sæther |first=Tormod Malvin |date=7 January 2023 |title=Russisk krigshisser i harnisk: – Vi skyter ned våre egne fly |url=https://www.nettavisen.no/5-95-834145|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Nettavisen |language=no}}</ref> ==Strength and training== France finished training and equipping a new Ukrainian [[brigade]] (November 2024); About 4,500 soldiers are in the [[155th brigade (Ukraine)|155th "Anna of Kyiv" brigade]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title= France Completes Training of Anna of Kyiv Brigade |url= https://mil.in.ua/en/news/france-completes-training-of-anna-of-kyiv-brigade/ |access-date=2024-11-16|website= mil.in.ua |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title= Ukrainian military completed training in France and received modern equipment |url= https://unn.ua/en/news/ukrainian-military-completed-training-in-france-and-received-modern-equipment |access-date=2024-11-16|website= UNN|language=en}}</ref> [[F-16]] pilots; Ukraine has 20 of them (as of 2024).<ref>https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/f-16-opplaring-avsluttes-stor-bekymring-for-ukrainas-luftforsvar/s/5-95-2185310. Retrieved 2024-12-21</ref> Earlier (and by Fall 2023), more than 60.000 Ukrainian soldiers had been trained in the West.<ref>https://yle.fi/a/74-20067564. [[YLE]].fi. Retrieved 13 January 2024</ref> ===Soldiers and other people in the military=== * {{flagu|Ukraine}}: *:209,000 (armed forces) *:102,000 (paramilitary) *:20,000 foreign volunteers<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2022 |title=20,000 foreign volunteers in Ukraine 'to join fight against Russia' |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/world/russia-central-asia/article/3169477/ukraine-crisis-20000-foreign-volunteers-ukraine |access-date= |website=[[South China Morning Post]] |language=en |archive-date=9 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309151250/https://www.scmp.com/news/world/russia-central-asia/article/3169477/ukraine-crisis-20000-foreign-volunteers-ukraine |url-status=live}}</ref> * {{flagu|Russia}}: ":~175,000–190,000<ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/10/us/politics/russia-ukraine-helicopters.html |last1=Barnes |first1=Julian E. |last2=Crowley |first2=Michael |last3=Schmitt |first3=Eric |title=Russia Positioning Helicopters, in Possible Sign of Ukraine Plans |date=10 January 2022 |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=20 January 2022 |archive-date=22 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122100818/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/10/us/politics/russia-ukraine-helicopters.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="Bengali">{{cite news |last=Bengali |first=Shashank |date=18 February 2022 |title=The U.S. says Russia's troop buildup could be as high as 190,000 in and near Ukraine. |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/02/18/world/ukraine-russia-news |access-date=18 February 2022 |url-access=limited |archive-date=18 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218063637/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/02/18/world/ukraine-russia-news |url-status=live}}</ref> * {{flagdeco|Donetsk People's Republic}} Donetsk PR: *:20,000<ref name="The Military Balance2021" /> * {{flagdeco|Luhansk People's Republic}} Luhansk PR: *:14,000<ref name="The Military Balance2021" /> <!-- <Do not uncomment this until *the body of this article* clearly states (based on reliable sources) that Belarusian troops are fighting>* {{flagu|Belarus}}: *:45,350 (armed forces)|110,000 (paramilitary)|289,500 (reserves)<ref name="The Military Balance2021" /> --> In May 2022, Ukraine authorities says it has 700,000 servicemembers on active duty fighting the Russian invasion.<ref>{{cite web |title=Zelensky: 700,000 soldiers defending Ukraine now. |date=21 May 2022 |url=https://kyivindependent.com/uncategorized/zelensky-700000-soldiers-defending-ukraine-now/}}</ref> There are "68,000 women listed as serving in the Ukrainian army in 2024", according to media.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/48116. Retrieved 2025-03-03</ref> The number of women that have an [[enlistment]] contract (they are soldiers) to the [[Ukrainian Armed Forces]]: 50,000 (as of December 2022).<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 2022 |title=Over 50.000 kvinner har vervet seg i Ukraina – frivillige skaffer kvinnene utstyr |url=https://www.vg.no/i/Mo5ekJ|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=www.vg.no |language=nb}}</ref> Reserves (or soldiers not on active duty): * {{flagu|Ukraine}}: *:900,000 according to media in 2021<ref name="The Military Balance2021">{{cite book |editor1-last=Hackett |editor1-first=James |title=The Military Balance 2021 |date=February 2021 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Re4fEAAAQBAJ |publisher=[[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] |location=Abingdon, Oxfordshire |edition=1st |isbn=978-1-03-201227-8 |ol=OL32226712M |oclc=1292198893}}</ref> ====At the start of the invasion==== * {{flagu|Russia}}: *:175,000–190,000 (armed forces)<ref name="nytimes.com"/><ref name="Bengali"/> *:34,000 (separatist militias)<ref name="The Military Balance2021"/> * {{flagu|Ukraine}}: *:196,600 (armed forces) *:102,000 (paramilitary)<ref name="The Military Balance2022">{{cite book |title=The Military Balance 2022 |date=February 2022 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vOFeEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA945 |publisher=[[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] |isbn=9781000620030 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> ==Casualties== More than 100,000 soldiers have died. Over 1,000,000 soldiers are injured.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pancevski|first=Bojan|date=2024-09-17|title=Exclusive {{!}} One Million Are Now Dead or Injured in the Russia-Ukraine War|url=https://www.wsj.com/world/one-million-are-now-dead-or-injured-in-the-russia-ukraine-war-b09d04e5|access-date=2025-04-20|website=WSJ|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Gadzo|first=Mersiha|title=Record high deaths in the Russia-Ukraine war: What you should know|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/16/russia-ukraine-wartime-deaths#:~:text=How%20many%20people%20have%20died,military%20is%2025%20to%2060.|access-date=2025-04-20|website=Al Jazeera|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Juris|first=Yvonne|date=2024-09-18|title=1 million now dead or wounded in Russia-Ukraine war|url=https://nypost.com/2024/09/17/world-news/1-million-now-dead-or-wounded-in-russia-ukraine-war/|access-date=2025-04-20|language=en-US}}</ref> From Australia, about seven soldiers had died (by early October 2024).<ref name=Australia>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/40167. Retrieved 2024-10-12</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Whiteman|first=Eric Cheung, Hilary|date=2025-01-15|title=Albanese vows ‘strongest action possible’ if Australian POW killed fighting for Ukraine against Russia|url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/01/15/australia/albanese-strongest-action-russia-pow-intl-hnk/index.html#:~:text=The%20Australian%20government%20advises%20its,died%20while%20being%20held%20captive.|access-date=2025-04-23|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref> From Finland, at least two soldiers (in the [[International Legion for the Territorial Defence of Ukraine|International Legion]]) had died (by the end of 2023).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://yle.fi/a/74-20075031 |title=Kasper Alhoniemi, 23, kaatui taistellessaan Ukrainan puolesta – tämä on hänen tarinansa |date=18 February 2024}}</ref> <!--* '''{{flagu|Russia}}:''' * '''{{abbr|Acc.|According}} to Russia {{nowrap|(25 March 2022):}}'''{{br}}1,351 soldiers killed, 3,825 wounded<ref name="1351soldiers">{{cite news |date=25 March 2022 |title=Russian army says 1,351 soldiers killed in Ukraine |work=[[Al Arabiya]] |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/world/2022/03/25/Russian-army-says-1-351-soldiers-killed-in-Ukraine |access-date=25 March 2022}}</ref> * '''{{abbr|Acc.|According}} to NATO {{nowrap|(23 March 2022):}}'''{{br}}30,000–40,000 soldiers killed, wounded, missing or captured (7,000–15,000 killed)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Michaels |first1=Daniel |title=NATO: Up to 40,000 Russian Troops Killed, Wounded, Taken Prisoner or Missing in Ukraine |url=https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/russia-ukraine-latest-news-2022-03-23/card/russia-lost-up-to-40-000-troops-in-ukraine-nato-estimates-xyZjWxinMDHzdeRZvAeD |access-date=23 March 2022 |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=23 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323154656/https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/russia-ukraine-latest-news-2022-03-23/card/russia-lost-up-to-40-000-troops-in-ukraine-nato-estimates-xyZjWxinMDHzdeRZvAeD |archive-date=23 March 2022}}</ref> * '''{{abbr|Acc.|According}} to the United States {{nowrap|(25 March 2022):}}'''{{br}}15,000–22,500 soldiers killed and wounded<ref>{{cite news |title=Russia's combat force has shrunk, a Pentagon official says, reflecting casualties and other struggles. |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/22/world/europe/russia-ukraine-pentagon.html |date=22 March 2022 |url-status= |access-date=22 March 2022}}</ref> * '''{{flagdeco|Donetsk People's Republic}} Donetsk PR:''' * '''{{abbr|Acc.|According}} to the Donetsk PR {{nowrap|(17 March 2022):}}'''{{br}}349 soldiers killed, 1,930 wounded<ref>The DPR stated 362 of its servicemen were killed and 1,980 wounded between 1 Jan and 17 March 2022,[https://eng.ombudsman-dnr.ru/the-overview-of-the-current-social-and-humanitarian-situation-in-the-territory-of-the-donetsk-peoples-republic-as-a-result-of-hostilities-in-the-period-from-12-to-18-march-2022/] of which 13 died and 50 were wounded between 1 Jan and 25 February 2022,[https://eng.ombudsman-dnr.ru/the-overview-of-the-current-social-and-humanitarian-situation-in-the-territory-of-the-donetsk-peoples-republic-as-a-result-of-hostilities-in-the-period-from-19-and-25-february-2022/] leaving a total of 349 killed and 1,930 wounded in the period of the Russian invasion.</ref> * '''{{flagu|Ukraine}}:''' * '''{{abbr|Acc.|According}} to Ukraine {{nowrap|(12 March 2022):}}'''{{br}}1,300 soldiers killed<ref>{{cite news |title=Around 1,300 Ukrainian troops killed since start of Russian invasion |url=https://www.jpost.com/international/article-701069 |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |date=12 March 2022}}</ref> * '''{{abbr|Acc.|According}} to the United States {{nowrap|(9 March 2022):}}'''{{br}}2,000–4,000 soldiers killed<ref>{{cite news |title=Up to 6,000 Russians may have been killed in Ukraine so far, U.S. official estimates |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ukraine-russia-death-toll-invasion/ |access-date=9 March 2022 |publisher=CBS News |date=9 March 2022}}</ref>--> [[Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome]] (see [[hantavirus]]) has become a problem on the Russian side of the [[Kupiansk]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kupiansk map]) front, according to Ukraine authorities (2023's fourth quarter); The disease has resulted in significant<ref>https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/hevder-musepest-sprer-seg-i-russiske-tropper/s/5-95-1533346. [[Nettavisen]].no. Retrieved 21 December 2023</ref> loss in ability to fight, according to media. ===Treating wounded soldiers in other countries=== No injured Ukrainian soldiers had yet been taken into Norway (as of 31 May 2022); On 31 May, the (Norwegian) [[Emilie Enger Mehl|minister of justice]] was ordered (or told) to come to parliament, later that day to answer questions about that.<ref>{{Cite web |last=NRK |date=31 May 2022 |title=Mehl hasteinnkalt til Stortinget |url=https://www.nrk.no/nyheter/mehl-hasteinnkalt-til-stortinget-1.15985420|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=NRK |language=nb-NO}}</ref> That evening, the justice minister said that Norway will let injured Ukrainian soldiers come to Norway<!--, but Norwegian authorities have not said when that will happen-->; Those soldiers will be part of a total of 550 injured Ukrainian civilians and soldiers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Befring |first=Åse Marit |date=31 May 2022 |title=Norge skal ta imot sårede ukrainske soldater |url=https://www.nrk.no/norge/norge-skal-ta-imot-sarede-ukrainske-soldater-1.15986348|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=NRK |language=nb-NO}}</ref> On 12 June 2022, the first wounded soldiers came to Norway.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2022 |title=De første sårede soldatene fra Ukraina har kommet til Norge |url=https://www.vl.no/nyheter/2022/06/12/de-forste-sarede-soldatene-fra-ukraina-har-kommet-til-norge/|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Vårt Land |language=no}}</ref> ===Civilians=== * The UN said that {{nowrap|(15 January 2023):}} at least 7,031 civilians have died, because of the war.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 January 2023 |title=Forsvarssjefen anslår 300.000 drepte og sårede i Ukraina |url=https://www.aftenposten.no/norge/i/Q7PpvA/forsvarssjefen-anslaar-300000-drepte-og-saarede-i-ukraina|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=www.aftenposten.no |language=nb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukraine: Civilian casualties as of 24:00 26 March 2022 [EN/RU/UK] - Ukraine |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/ukraine-civilian-casualties-2400-26-march-2022-enruuk |access-date=26 March 2022 |website=ReliefWeb |date=26 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Gadzo|first=Mersiha|title=Record high deaths in the Russia-Ukraine war: What you should know|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/16/russia-ukraine-wartime-deaths#:~:text=Attacks%20in%20government-controlled%20territory%20from%20August%2026,civilians%20and%20injured%20392%20people,%20it%20said.&text=In%20July,%20The%20Economist%20reported%20that%20between,documents%20by%20the%20US%20Department%20of%20Defense.|access-date=2025-04-20|website=Al Jazeera|language=en}}</ref> ==Impact (on refugees and the culture sector and the environment)== The offices of Ukraine's largest [[printing house]] were attacked (May 23, 2024 in [[Kharkiv]]) by Russian forces; Seven people were killed.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-05-28|title=Krigen i Ukraina foregår nå både på kulturfronten og den ideologiske fronten|url=https://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/i/kwReQ6/krigen-i-ukraina-russisk-rakettangrep-paa-boktrykkeri-i-kharkiv|access-date=2025-04-20|website=www.aftenposten.no|language=nb}}</ref> Environmental problems: The river [[Seym]] has (as of 2024) [[pollution]]; Media has called it an environmental disaster.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/38149. Retrieved 2024-08-29</ref> ===Refugees=== * '''{{abbr|Acc.|According}} to the UN {{nowrap|(21 March 2022):}}'''{{br}}4.3 million+ refugees and 6.5 million [[internally displaced person]]<!-- and Over 24K deaths (as said on Reuter)-->.<ref>{{cite web |title=Situation Ukraine Refugee Situation |url=https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine |access-date=15 March 2022 |work=[[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Almost 6.5 Million People Internally Displaced in Ukraine: IOM |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/03/1114342 |access-date=22 March 2022 |publisher=International Organization for Migration |date=21 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322070955/https://www.iom.int/news/almost-65-million-people-internally-displaced-ukraine-iom |archive-date=22 March 2022}}</ref><!--Before the invasion, the Ukrainian Defense Minister said in December 2021 that an invasion could possible force between three and five million people to flee their homes--><ref>{{cite magazine|author-last=Aguilera |author-first=Jasmine |date=25 February 2022 |title=Russia's Invasion of Ukraine May Trigger a Refugee Crisis. Here's How the World Is Preparing |url=https://time.com/6150856/ukraine-refugees-russia-invasion-preparation/ |access-date=25 February 2022 |magazine=[[Time Magazine]] |language=en}}</ref> The [[President of Moldova]], [[Maia Sandu]], said over 4,000 Ukrainian citizens had crossed into Moldova since the invasion started.<ref>{{cite web |author-last=Epstein |author-first=Jake |title=Thousands of Ukrainian refugees have fled to Moldova, where the government has set up tents and vowed to keep its borders open to help |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/ukrainian-refugees-flee-moldova-borders-open-after-russia-attack-2022-2 |access-date=25 February 2022 |website=[[Business Insider]] |language=en-US |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225113725/https://www.businessinsider.com/ukrainian-refugees-flee-moldova-borders-open-after-russia-attack-2022-2 |url-status=live}}</ref> Poland [did get ready for] a large number of refugees to enter the country.<ref>{{cite web |title=Poland prepares for flood of Ukrainian refugees |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/poland-prepares-refugees-ukraine-war-russia/ |website=[[POLITICO]] |date=24 February 2022 |access-date=25 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224124138/https://www.politico.eu/article/poland-prepares-refugees-ukraine-war-russia/ |url-status=live}}</ref> To make border crossings easier, Poland lifted [[COVID-19]] entry rules.<ref>{{cite web |author-last1=Charlish |author-first1=Alan |author-last2=Ilie |author-first2=Luiza |title='I don't know what to do': fleeing Ukrainians start arriving in central Europe |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/central-european-countries-prepare-receive-ukrainian-refugees-2022-02-24/ |website=[[Reuters]] |language=en |date=24 February 2022 |access-date=25 February 2022 |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225015837/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/central-european-countries-prepare-receive-ukrainian-refugees-2022-02-24/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Ukrainian refugees started crossing into [[Romania]] as well. Most of them entered through [[Siret]] in [[Suceava County]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.digi24.ro/stiri/actualitate/mii-de-ucraineni-au-fugit-de-razboi-si-au-venit-in-romania-barbatii-si-au-adus-familiile-pana-la-granita-si-apoi-s-au-intors-sa-lupte-1850285 |title=Mii de ucraineni au fugit de război și au venit în România. Bărbații și-au adus familiile până la graniță și apoi s-au întors să lupte |trans-title=Thousands of Ukrainians fled the war and came to Romania. The men brought their families to the border and then returned to fight |newspaper=[[Digi24]] |date=25 February 2022 |language=ro}}</ref> Romania said refugees did not need to [[quarantine]] or follow COVID rules.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mediafax.ro/social/persoanele-care-sosesc-din-ucraina-in-romania-sunt-exceptate-de-carantina-20550876 |title=Persoanele care sosesc din Ucraina în România sunt exceptate de carantină. Anunțul CNSU |trans-title=People arriving from Ukraine to Romania are exempt from quarantine. CNSU announcement |language=ro |work=Mediafax |author-last=Buciu |author-first=Laura |date=25 February 2022}}</ref><!--This section already has the "March-26 numbers", but not numbers from May/ June: On 28 February, the United Nations reports more than 500,000 refugees have left from Ukraine into nearby countries.--><ref>{{Cite web |title=500,000+ refugees flee Ukraine since Russia waged war |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-business-europe-migration-united-nations-454ae620724d3b91208ce63c0128fa69|access-date=28 February 2022 |date=28 February 2022 |website=AP |language=en-US}}</ref><!-- Two days later, they report that over a million refugees have now fled to other countries.--><ref>{{Cite web |title=A million refugees have now fled Ukraine since the start of the war, U.N. says |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/03/02/1084100763/1-million-refugees-fled-ukraine|access-date=3 March 2022 |date=2 March 2022 |website=NPR |language=en-US}}</ref> <!--Overall : Ukraine has taken more than half of the land taken from them by the Russians. Overall Russia has done best in the East. It has kept most of the ground it took over in 2022. Its defensive arrangement in the East have stood up to Ukrainian efforts.--><!--The Kerch bridge and the Donbas are still unclear. --><!--Some of the ships of the Russian Navy, have been attacked (and [[damage]]d) in the Black Sea.--><!--Obvious, because this is an article about a war that has not ended: 'The overall picture is that Russian aims have only partly been met'--><!--, but there seems no reason to think they are doing worse than 50-50. This is a bit ominous for the smaller country, but the Ukrainians fight with the knowledge that it is their country they are fighting for. And, of course, they are fighting with American and European weapons--> == Details about the warfare == In regard to use of [[chemical weapon]]s: "More than 2,000 Ukrainian [... soldiers] have been [put in hospital] due to chemical weapons poisoning caused by [...] Russian forces since the [... beginning] of Russia's ... invasion of Ukraine", according to media in 2024. Furthermore, at "least three people have died".<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/43840. Retrieved 2024-12-14</ref> In regard to the use of [[fighting hole]]s for two people: There is an [[increase]] in use of those [[foxhole]]s (or [[defensive fighting position]]), according to media (as of 2025); This came about, largely because drones are being used to drop [[munition]]s onto a bunker so that an [[explosion]] can make a new opening into the bunker; Thru that new hole, another drone, can fly thru the hole and look for soldiers to hurt inside the bunker.<ref>https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/na-er-ukrainas-ingenmannsland-blitt-gigantisk-skyttergraver-er-dodsfeller/s/5-95-2435974. Retrieved 2025-05-18</ref> In regard to [[booby trap]]s: Dead soldiers have been buried in graves; In some incidents, a body in a grave has been [[connection|connected]] to a [[booby trap]]: when a grave is opened and a body is touched, then a [[grenade]] or other [[explosive weapon]] (see [[explosive]]), blows up.<ref>{{Cite web |last=NRK |date=4 January 2023 |title=Jakten etter døden |url=https://www.nrk.no/urix/jakten-etter-doden-1.16241936|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=NRK |language=nb-NO}}</ref> In regard to use of [[Military artificial intelligence|artificial intelligence for warfare]]: As of 2024, "Russia has ... used [[artificial intelligence]] to help launch its attacks while [[artificial intelligence|AI]] has helped Ukraine defend itself from [many attacks on [[computer system]]s, or] the [[cyber]] [[onslaught]]".<ref>https://inkstickmedia.com/from-gaza-to-ukraine-ai-is-transforming-war/. Retrieved 2024-06-11</ref> ==Ideas about peace== Ukraine and Russia had peace talks (May 2025).<ref>https://www.vg.no/nyheter/i/wg2Oj5/ukraina-enig-om-aa-utveksle-1000-krigsfanger. Retrieved 2025-05-16</ref> Earlier (April 23),<!--In an earlier meeting (April 23), According to media--> officials from Ukraine and other European countries said (in a meeting with U.S. officials),<!-- on April 23, 2025)--> that "Sanctions against Russia should [... stay in place] until [... there is a] peace [... that lasts for a long time; The sanctions] must be [... put back in place] if Russia breaks" the peace or its conditions; Furthermore, "Western allies should provide ... security guarantees, possibly [... similar to the security guarantee between NATO member-countries or similar to] NATO’s [[Article 5]]"; That proposal goes against the peace plan of the U.S. government; The details of the U.S. plan, are not known to the public.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/51475. Retrieved 2025-04-25</ref><!--Earlier (April 17), "a Trump-backed peace plan [was shown or] first presented in Paris [... by U.S. authorities] during talks with Ukrainian officials", according to media.--><ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/51203. Retrieved 2025-04-21</ref><!--Regarding meetings between a team of [[negotiation|negotiator]]s from the U.S. government, and negotiators from Ukraine's government: There were meetings [as late as April]--><!--March--><!-- 2025.--><!--on March 23 and--><!--(or a new round of meetings started)--><!--March 11, 2025, in Saudi Arabia;--><ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/49505. Retrieved 2025-03-24</ref><ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2025/03/11/world/ukraine-us-talks-saudi-arabia-intl/index.html. Retrieved 2025-03-11</ref><ref>https://www.vg.no/nyheter/i/QMBmzA/ukraina-er-hardt-presset-foer-nytt-moete-med-usa. Retrieved 2025-03-11</ref><!--The next meeting is scheduled for March 24.--><!--The peace plan of the U.S. government under president [[Donald Trump]], will be presented (on an unknown day), by Trump.--><ref name=PeacePlanUS/><!--That has not happened yet (as of April).--> Ukraine's government has 3 "red lines for Ukraine in any peace deal", according to media (March 17); Furthermore, the [[Andriy Sybiha|foreign minister]] says that the government will not "[stop its plans for membership in NATO and EU, or] compromise on its EU and NATO aspirations, or agree to a [weaker or] [[neutering|neutered]] military"; Furthermore, the government "[will not or] would not recognize Russian-occupied territories".<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/49053. Retrieved 2025-03-18</ref> "British and French [[Military advisor|military trainer]]s [or a kind of teacher] are expected to be sent to western Ukraine", according to media (last week of April).<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/51429. Retrieved 2025-04-25</ref> <!--About [[Volodymyr Zelensky|Ukraine's president]] [[signature|signing]] a deal with the United States-->A ''mineral deal'' (or agreement) was [[signature|signed]] April 30.<ref name="Tarasova-Markina_20250226"/><ref name=MinDealXfafj/><ref>https://www.nrk.no/urix/ukraina_-mineralavtalen-med-usa-bedre-enn-utgangspunktet-1.17401953. Retrieved 2025-05-03</ref><!--Wait; anyone can start a separate article: <ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/51793. Retrieved 2025-04-30</ref><ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/51064. Retrieved 2025-04-18</ref><ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/50992. Retrieved 2025-04-18</ref><ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/50919. Retrieved 2025-04-17</ref><ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/50907. Retrieved 2025-04-16</ref><ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/50548. Retrieved 2025-04-10</ref><ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/50502. Retrieved 2025-04-10</ref><ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/opinion/50293. Retrieved 2025-04-07</ref>--> Earlier ideas (or [[draft]]s) of the deal, is about [[mineral]]s "including oil and gas".<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/49913. Retrieved 2025-03-31</ref><ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/49855. Retrieved 2025-03-30</ref><ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/49774. Retrieved 2025-03-28</ref><ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/47820. Retrieved 2025-02-26</ref> Another name for the mineral deal, is [[Ukraine–United States Mineral Resources Agreement]]. A meeting between the [[Volodomyr Zelensky|president of Ukraine]], and the [[Donald Trump|U.S. president]]: that happened as late as April.<ref>https://www.vg.no/nyheter/i/zAjzv5/zelenskyj-skal-moete-trump-i-roma. Retrieved 2025-04-26</ref><!--Earlier (February 28, 2025), there was a meeting with the [[Donald Trump|U.S. president]].--><ref>https://www.vg.no/nyheter/i/8q19e2/volodymyr-zelenskyj-moeter-donald-trump-i-det-hvite-hus. Retrieved 2025-02-28</ref><ref>https://www.vg.no/nyheter/i/8q19e2/volodymyr-zelenskyj-moeter-donald-trump-i-det-hvite-hus. Retrieved 2025-02-28</ref> The following month, the [[J.D.Vance|US vice-president]] and [[Marco Rubio|the US secretary of state]] met the [[Volodomyr Zelensky|Ukrainian president]].<ref>https://www.nrk.no/nyheter/krigen-i-ukraina-1.11480927. Retrieved 2025-05-18</ref> A peace plan, the [[Three Pillar Peace Plan]], has been put forward by [[Mark Burns]], a [[pastor]], and politician [[Lindsey Graham]], and the [[Peace Through Strength Institute]].<ref name=April28y5>https://www.kyivpost.com/opinion/51583. Retrieved 2025-04-28</ref> The inner circle of the [[Donald Trump|U.S. president]], in regard to the peace plan and the war, includes politicians [[Don Bacon]], and [[Brian Fitzpatrick]].<ref name=April28y5/> Earlier (February 27), the [[Keir Starmer|British prime minister]] met with the [[Donald Trump|U.S. president]] to talk about Ukraine; Trump got a letter from [[Charles III|king Charles]] and was invited to the palace for a dinner (on some other day).<ref>https://www.aftenposten.no/verden/i/xmprJp/tre-ord-fra-donald-trump-kan-gi-keir-starmer-en-liten-aapning-naar-de-droefter-ukraina. Retrieved 2025-02-28</ref> Earlier that month, [[Volodymyr Zelensky|Ukraine's president]] said that “If there is peace for Ukraine, [and] if you really need me to leave my [... job, then] I am ready. ... I can exchange it for NATO [or a membership in NATO, for Ukraine]” <!--(February 23)-->; He can (or is willing to) leave his job immediately<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/47670. Retrieved 2025-02-24</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Hunder|first=Max|date=2025-02-23|title=Zelensky says he is willing to quit presidency if it means peace in Ukraine|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/zelenskiy-says-he-is-willing-give-up-presidency-if-it-means-peace-ukraine-2025-02-23/|access-date=2025-04-20}}</ref> [or right away] if necessary. At least one U.S. official came (February 19) to Ukraine. The [[Keith Kellogg|U.S. envoy for Ukraine]], came.<ref name=EnvoyCame>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/47400. Retrieved 2025-02-19</ref> <!--"American officials are expected to visit" Ukraine, according to media's [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/paraphrase#English paraphrasing] (February 19) of [[Volodymyr Zelensky|Ukraine's president]].--><ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/47378. Retrieved 2025-02-19</ref> Earlier (February 18, 2025) some people from the U.S. government and from the Russian government, had a meeting (in [[Saudi Arabia]]), about peace in Ukraine.<ref name=UkrSaudiInMarch/><!--[[Volodymyr Zelensky|Ukraine's president]] has said that he will visit Saudi Arabia on March 10.--><ref name=UkrSaudiInMarch>https://www.vg.no/nyheter/i/63Mybe/fredssamtaler-om-ukraina?pinnedEntry=54059. Retrieved 2025-02-18</ref> Earlier (February 17 and 18), a group of leaders of EU countries came to an ''emergency summit'' [or meeting];<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/47386. Retrieved 2025-02-19</ref> It was held by [[Emmanuel Macron|France's president]].<ref>https://eadaily.com/en/news/2025/02/15/to-paris-on-business-urgently-macron-convenes-an-emergency-summit-of-eu-leaders. Retrieved 2025-02-16</ref> The leaders came from the ''member countries'' of the [[Weimar+]] group. Some of those leaders say that "[... their countries can take some of their soldiers to Ukraine, or [[deployment|deploy]]] peacekeepers to Ukraine to back up any peace deal"; However, it is "too early (February 17) to say how many British troops [... [[Keir Starmer|UK's prime minister]]] would be willing to deploy", according to media.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/fast-moving-ukraine-diplomacy-means-europeans-must-do-more-official-says-2025-02-17/. Retrieved 2025-02-18</ref> Earlier (and in February), [[Volodymyr Zelensky|Ukraine's president]] said that he "does not believe in security guarantees without" the United States.<ref name=Taurus>https://www.kyivpost.com/analysis/47206. Retrieved 2025-02-15</ref> In regard to Ukraine maybe getting [[Taurus KEPD 350|Taurus rockets]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Taurus_missile picture]); "We should be willing to [give such rockets to Ukraine, or] deliver them, but only if" there is agreement between EU countries, according to [[Friedrich Merz|the leader of politcal party CDU]]; He said that at the [[Munich Security Conference]].<ref name=Taurus/> Media said that the U.S. government "has been clear that we expect European partners to take the lead in establishing [... security or] a security framework [... according to] a US State Department spokesperson" (February); Furthermore, the U.S. government asked how can it help its European partners, so that the partners can take charge of securing peace in Ukraine: "[how many soldiers and how much weapons, will maybe] be needed from the US to [keep in place a peace deal, or] sustain a peace deal".<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/47237. Retrieved 2025-02-17</ref> The [[Munich Security Conference]] has ended<!--according to [[Keith Kellogg|a U.S. authority]]-->; The conference [... ended] on February 16, 2025.<ref name=PeacePlanUS>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/46737. Retrieved 2025-02-07</ref> "No Russian government [[Political representation|representatives]] [were<!--at the event, or-->]<!--have been [[accreditation|accredited]] to attend"--> at the conference, according to media.<!--(as of February 14)-->.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/47149. Retrieved 2025-02-14</ref><!--On February 14, "Officials from Ukraine, US, Russia [are supposed to] meet ... for peace talks at Munich Security Conference", according to media.--><ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/. Retrieved 2025-02-14</ref><!--However, [[Dmytro Lytvyn|a Ukrainian authority]] said that "Talks with Russians in Munich are not expected".--><ref>https://www.deccanherald.com/world/trump-says-us-russian-officials-to-meet-in-munich-on-friday-ukraine-declines-invite-to-meet-3405324. Retrieved 2025-02-13</ref> As of early December 2024, "the [ [[possibility]] or] prospect of [[negotiation]]s to end the war in Ukraine" is growing, according to the head of Russia’s Foreign Intelligence Service; Furthermore, "the [[task]]s set by [... [[Vladimir Putin|Russia's president]],] are [almost finished or] close to [[fulfillment]]".<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/43637. Retrieved 2024-12-11</ref> Earlier in December, there was a meeting in France; The presidents of France and Ukraine, met with the [[Donald Trump|president-elect of the United States]].<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/43488. Retrieved 2024-12-08</ref> Media says that a "Ukrainian official said they had discussed "some key conditions" for ending the war"; Furthermore, "the presidents discussed at the meeting that there should be something that would guarantee [that there can be trust in that peace, or] the reliability of the peace".<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/43525. Retrieved 2024-12-09</ref> Earlier (November 2024), Ukraine's president said that "The war will end, but there is no exact date. Certainly, with the policies of [the [[Donald Trump|upcoming president]]'s team or] the team that will now lead the White House, the war will end sooner", according to media.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/42318. Retrieved 2024-11-16</ref> A peace [[agreement]] during the upcoming presidency of the United States (2025-), will likely have a part or "outline [... that] will [[involvement|involve]]: Lines get frozen along the current front, but no [lessening of sanctions, or] sanctions moderation on Russia until a long term agreement is reached" about land.<ref name=OutlinePresidency2/> An article in the [[Kyiv Post]] said that earlier in November 2024.<ref name=OutlinePresidency2>https://www.kyivpost.com/opinion/42206. Retrieved 2024-11-14</ref> "The Second World Peace Summit will not take place in November" 2024, according to media's quote of [[Daria Zarivna|an advisor to the head of the President’s Office]], in Ukraine.<ref>https://united24media.com/latest-news/ukraine-to-host-a-second-peace-summit-after-the-us-elections-2892. Retrieved 2024-10-10</ref> Earlier (September 2024), "The [[Linda Thomas-Greenfield|Permanent Representative to the United Nations for the US]] [... said] that Kyiv’s allies in Washington have seen the new “peace plan” drafted ... by [[Volodymyr Zelensky|Ukraine's president]] [...], calling it “a plan that can work”", according to media.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/39142. Retrieved 2024-09-18</ref><!--Earlier (July 27, 2024), media said that "Ukraine will introduce '... plan for peace' by end of November [2024]". Those words were media's [[paraphrase|paraphrasing]] of interview of the [[president of Ukraine]].--><ref>https://kyivindependent.com/ukraine-will-introduce-action-plan-for-peace-by-end-of-november-zelensky-says/. Retrieved 2024-07-29</ref> Earlier that month, "[[Ajit Doval|India’s National Security Adviser]] [... is supposed to] travel to Moscow for meetings with" [[Vladimir Putin|Russia's president]]; The goal is to [[Dispute Resolution|resolve]] the war in Ukraine".<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/38737. Retrieved 2024-09-10</ref> Earlier (and at the end of July 2024), the president of Ukraine said that "Giving up Ukrainian territories is ''a very, very difficult'' question", according to media<!--Three French [[media outlet]]s spoke with him in the Ukrainian city of [[Rivne]]-->.<ref>https://yle.fi/a/74-20010573. Retrieved 2024-08-01</ref><ref>([[paywall]]) https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2024/07/31/volodymyr-zelensky-giving-up-ukrainian-territories-is-a-very-very-difficult-question_6706167_4.html#. Retrieved 2024-08-01</ref> [[Xi Jinping|The leader of China]] and the president of Ukraine have not met "since the start of the war", according to media (end of July 2024); However, they did speak "once by telephone, in April 2023".<ref name=XiZel/> Earlier in July, there was a first visit "of any senior Ukrainian official [in China] since Russia invaded Ukraine" in 2022.<ref name=PeaceMeetChina/> During the visit, [[Ukraine's government]] told "China that Russia [is] not ready for 'good [[faith]]' talks" about peace, according to media.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/36337. Retrieved 2024-07-25</ref> [[Dmytro Kuleba|The foreign minister of Ukraine]] came to China, and had talks with [[Wang Yi|the foreign minister of China]].<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/36301. Retrieved 2024-07-25</ref><ref name=PeaceMeetChina>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/36276. Retrieved 2024-07-24</ref> Earlier (and in 2024's third quarter), [[Vitali Klitschko|the mayor of Kyiv]] was thinking that [[Volodymyr Zelensky|the president of Ukraine]] "will likely need to hold a public [[referendum]] before [trading some land for peace, or] agreeing to any [[territorial]] [[compromise]]s with Russia".<ref>https://kyivindependent.com/klitschko-zelensky-will-likely-need-to-hold-referendum-before-any-territorial-compromises-with-russia/. Retrieved 2024-07-23</ref> The [[Pietro Parolin|Vatican's secretary of state]] met with Ukraine's president in Kyiv; They talked about peace and [[exchange]]s of prisoners between Russia and Ukraine.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/36299. Retrieved 2024-07-25</ref> The [[June 2024 Ukraine peace summit]], happened in Switzerland.<ref>https://www.politico.eu/article/russia-war-ukraine-peace-summit-kyiv-volodymr-zelenskyy-un-charter-general-assembly/. Retrieved 2024-06-19</ref><!--Russian authorities "had no interest" in it, according to media; Many countries [were] invited, and some (leaders or) [[head of state|heads of state]] [came].--><ref name=OrgsAndCountries>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/34139. Retrieved 2024-06-12</ref><!--The [[Kamala Harris|USA's vice-president]] [was] supposed to come. Chinese authorities [were] not expected to come;--><ref name=OrgsAndCountries/><!--They did not come.--><ref name=XiZel>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/36656. Retrieved 2024-07-31</ref><!--Earlier (June 2024), Ukrainian authorities said that it hopes that Russia will come to the "Second Ukraine Peace Summit"--><!--That summit is [[schedule]]d for later-->.<ref name=OrgsAndCountries/> Earlier (May 2023), Ukrainian authorities said that all Russian forces must leave Ukraine, before there can be any [[negotiation]]s about peace.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2023 |title=Kan Kina stole på Putins Russland? |url=https://www.dagsavisen.no/debatt/kommentar/2023/07/05/kan-kina-stole-pa-putins-russland/|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Dagsavisen |language=no}}</ref> In November 2023, [[Ukraine's president]] said a similar thing.<ref name=TimeOWar/> In regard to using NATO membership (for Ukraine) as a [[bargaining card]] (or something to trade for something else): at least one NATO member-country has shared the idea with authorities outside its own government.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strandhagen |first=Sverre |date=17 August 2023 |title=Jenssens problem er det samme som for Stoltenberg (+) |url=https://www.dn.no/kommentar/krigen-i-ukraina/stian-jenssen/jens-stoltenberg/jenssen-og-stoltenberg-har-samme-problem/2-1-1501919|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=www.dn.no}}</ref> In August 2023, the [[Stian Jenssen|Director of the Private Office of the NATO Secretary General]] said that "I think that one solution could be that Ukraine gives up [land or] [[territory]], and gets a [[NATO]] [[membership]]" [as part of that [[deal]] or] in return".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukraine war latest: Multiple arrests in Cuba over 'trafficking men to fight in Russia'; Moscow defends 'sham' elections |url=https://news.sky.com/story/ukraine-russia-war-latest-drone-romania-defence-minister-12541713|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2023 |title=Åpner for at Ukraina avgir territorium i bytte mot Nato-medlemskap |url=https://www.vg.no/i/jl7V5e|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=www.vg.no |language=nb}}</ref> Someone else that has the same idea, is [[Oleksiy Arestovych|a former advisor of Ukraine's president]].<ref>https://www.nrk.no/urix/ukrainsk-forsvarssjef_-krigen-er-fastlast-1.16622658. [[NRK]].no. Retrieved 3 November 2023</ref> In November, media said that one of the ideas would result in giving support for Russia's [military attacks or] [[aggression]]: [[Anders Fogh Rasmussen|A former secretary-general of Nato]] said that the area that the Ukrainian government has under its control, should become a NATO-member.<ref>[[Kai Eide]]. ['in the shadow of the Middle East'] "I skyggen av Midt-sten". [[Klassekampen]]. 14 November 2023. P.21</ref> [[Olha Stefanishyna|A Ukrainian authority]] said (2023<!--late November-->) that negotiations follow a war, "but the [[principle]]s are important, she said, and she [[referral|referred]] to [,or talked about]" a (Ukrainian [government]) list of ten things [that must happen] according to Ukraine authorities.<ref>https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/kyiv-advarer-krigstrotte-europeere-vi-teller-ikke-dagene/s/5-95-1477758. [[Nettavisen]].no. Retrieved 25 November 2023</ref> Indonesian leaders have come with ideas about peace (as late as 2024); One idea is to make a [[joint economic zone]]; Furthermore, "[[economic cooperation]] and having the two countries [[interdependence|being dependent on each other]]", can be a way "to reduce [[hostility|hostilities]]".<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/opinion/34098. Retrieved 2024-06-11</ref> Officials from many countries, have attended meetings about peace; One meeting [happened] in June 2024; "[[freedom of navigation]] and [[food security]]" and [[nuclear security]]<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/34031. Retrieved 2024-06-10</ref> [including possible [[guarantee]]s that Russia will not use [[nuclear weapon|nuclear bomb]]s, [were] major topics. Russia did not go to at that meeting. In August 2023, there was a (meeting or) [[conference]] in Saudi Arabia, without Russian officials. Earlier (June), there was a meeting in [[Denmark]], without Russian officials. Views of leaders whose countries do the most business with Russia: India has not joined the countries that have an [[embargo]] against Russia; However, [[Narendra Modi|India's prime minister]] said (in September 2022, to Vladimir Putin) that now 'is not an [[era]] of war' [or a time for war].<ref>https://www.reuters.com/world/indian-pm-modi-tells-russias-putin-now-is-not-an-era-war-2022-09-16/. Retrieved 2024-07-08</ref> In October 2024, media said that "[[Konstantin Remchukov]], owner and editor of Russian newspaper [[Nezavisimaya Gazeta]], published an important article in his newspaper"; Furthermore, the article (seems to or) "appears to lay out a Kremlin proposal for peace negotiations in Ukraine"; The [[Steve Rosenberg|Moscow correspondent for BBC]] wrote about<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/opinion/40787. Retrieved 2024-10-19</ref> that (in an article, “About Putin and Russia Today”). Media said that the [[Kremlin]] (of Russia) gave notice (in late April 2025) about stopping or "[to] halt all [Russia's] military operations from May 8-10 in honor of the 80th anniversary of [[Victory Day]]".<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/51620. Retrieved 2025-04-28</ref> [[Volodymyr Zelensky|Ukraine's president]] gave a [[response]]: "For some reason, everyone is supposed to wait until May 8 before [a stop in shootings, or] ceasing fire, just to [... give] Putin ... silence for his parade. We value human lives, not parades. ... there is no reason to wait until May".<ref>https://www.politico.eu/article/ukraine-ceasefire-plan-putin-doesnt-want-xi-hiding-drone-attacks-lenin-tomb-ww2-victory-day/. Retrieved 2025-04-29</ref> == Idea about elections (during war) == [[Martial law]] (in Ukraine) is due to last, at least until<!--expire again--> August 2025.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/50820. Retrieved 2025-04-16</ref><!--February 2024, 90 days after]--><!--An earlier [[expiration]] date was November 15, 2023;--> Also, "Elections can not ... be held in Ukraine under martial law, which must be [made longer or] [[extension|extended]] every 90 days".<ref name="ElectionIdea">{{Cite web |date=28 August 2023 |title=Zelenskiy says elections could happen under fire if West helps |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/worldbiz/europe/zelenskiy-says-elections-could-happen-under-fire-if-west-helps-689946|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref> The [[next Ukrainian presidential election]] is likely to happen when [[martial law]] has been finished for 60 days (according to [[Ruslan Stefanchuk|Verkhovna Rada's chairman]]).<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/33037. Retrieved 2024-05-22</ref> Another idea is that ''martial law'' must have been finished for six months. In regard to parliamentary elections: a new date, has not been chosen [as of 2025's first quarter].<ref name=PresElection/> [[Oleksiy Arestovych]] said (in 2023's fourth quarter) that his (idea or) [[intention]] is that he will be one of the [[candidate]]s "whenever the next [ [[presidential]]] elections will be held in Ukraine".<ref>https://english.nv.ua/nation/zelenskyy-s-former-advisor-arestovych-to-stand-in-future-elections-50365048.html. Retrieved 3 November 2023</ref> The previous [[2019 Ukrainian presidential election|presidential election, was in 2019]].<!--About a presidential election for March 2024: under normal [[circumstance]]s, there would [have been] an election.--><ref name="PresElection">{{Cite web |last=Paust |first=Thomas |date=29 August 2023 |title=Zelenskyj vil ikke bruke penger på valg i Ukraina |url=https://www.nettavisen.no/5-95-1291926|access-date=8 September 2023 |website=Nettavisen |language=no}}</ref> === Ideas that the president (of Ukraine) has === *[[Volodymyr Zelenskyy|Ukraine's president]] said (November 2023) that a time of war, is not the right time for an election.<ref name=TimeOWar>{{cite web |title=Nyhetsstudio: Krigen i Ukraina |url=https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/nyhetsstudio-krigen-i-ukraina/s/5-95-496931 |website=Nettavisen |accessdate=8 March 2024 |language=no |date=20 May 2022}}</ref> Earlier (August 2023), [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy|Ukraine's president]] said that Ukraine has money for fighting against invaders and buying weapons; The government does not expect to take some of that money to set up (wartime) elections.<ref name=ElectionIdea/> However, if other countries pay for elections (in Ukraine, during this war), and if Ukrainian [[lawmaker]]s understand that we need elections during the war, then laws can be changed to make those elections possible, according to Ukraine's president. He also said that the cost of elections during times of peace, is around 5 billion [[Hryvnja]] (Ukrainian money).<ref name=PresElection/> == War economy == Media said (2025) that the view of a [[Valerii Zaluzhny|Ukrainian authority]], is that "victory is only possible" thru significant damage to the [[war economy]] of Russia; According to [[Valerii Zaluzhnyi]], "destruction of its (or Russia's) military-economic [[potential]]", is [[necessity|necessary]].<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/53200. Retrieved 2025-05-25</ref> ==United States Government Changes== <!-- Please do not remove this section. It is important to ukraine and can greatly effect the outcome of the war. --> United States [[Donald Trump|President Trump]], Vice President [[JD Vance]], and [[Elon Musk]] (head of the [[Department of Government Efficiency]]) are against{{dubious}} Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-04-18|title=Why Donald Trump ‘hates Ukraine’|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/why-donald-trump-hates-ukraine-us-congress-kyiv-war/|access-date=2025-05-01|website=POLITICO|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Motyl|first=Alexander|date=2024-09-27|title=The real reason Trump hates Zelensky|language=en-US|work=The Hill|url=https://thehill.com/opinion/international/4901765-the-real-reason-trump-hates-zelensky/|access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Chait|first=Jonathan|date=2025-03-05|title=The Simple Explanation for Why Trump Turned Against Ukraine|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2025/03/republican-theories-foreign-policy/681921/|access-date=2025-05-01|website=The Atlantic|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-02-19|title=Fact-checking Donald Trump's claims about war in Ukraine|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c9814k2jlxko|access-date=2025-05-01|website=www.bbc.com|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Trump’s sudden turn against Zelensky came as a shock to many Americans. It shouldn’t have.|url=https://meduza.io/en/feature/2025/02/20/trump-s-sudden-turn-against-zelensky-came-as-a-shock-to-many-americans-it-shouldn-t-have|access-date=2025-05-01|website=Meduza|language=en}}</ref> Former president [[Joe Biden]] and many others were in support of Ukraine.{{dubious}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-03-27|title=Biden rallies support for Ukraine in speech from Warsaw: 'We stand with you'|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-rally-support-ukraine-efforts-speech-warsaw-rcna21382|access-date=2025-05-01|website=NBC News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Liptak|first=Betsy Klein,Kayla Tausche,Kevin|date=2023-09-19|title=Biden at the UN urges the world to stand firm in support of Ukraine’s fight against Russian invasion {{!}} CNN Politics|url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/09/19/politics/biden-unga-remarks/index.html|access-date=2025-05-01|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Biden Pledges U.S. 'Will Not Walk Away From Ukraine'|url=https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/3615637/biden-pledges-us-will-not-walk-away-from-ukraine/|access-date=2025-05-01|website=U.S. Department of Defense|language=en-US}}</ref> This is causing{{dubious}} the United States to stop the funding of Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-01-29|title=Pause in US Funding Puts Ukraine Programs at Risk {{!}} Human Rights Watch|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/01/29/pause-us-funding-puts-ukraine-programs-risk|access-date=2025-05-02|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kottasová|first=Ivana|date=2025-03-04|title=Why has Trump halted military aid to Ukraine and what will it mean for the war? Here’s what to know|url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/03/04/europe/explainer-trump-suspends-ukraine-military-aid-intl-latam/index.html|access-date=2025-05-02|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-04|title=What to know about Trump's halt on military aid to Ukraine|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/what-to-know-about-trumps-halt-on-military-aid-to-ukraine|access-date=2025-05-02|website=PBS News|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-01-27|title=The US suspends foreign aid: consequences for Ukraine|url=https://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/analyses/2025-01-27/us-suspends-foreign-aid-consequences-ukraine|access-date=2025-05-02|website=OSW Centre for Eastern Studies|language=en}}</ref> ==Military units== <!--Ukrainian forces--><!-- This probably needs some splitting up and simplification. --> <!-- This is almost entirely red links. It would help if users would create these items to fill in wikipedia. --> {{tree list}} * [[File:Нарукавний знак ЦСО СБУ.png|22px]] [[Alpha Group (Ukraine)|Alpha Group]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Special_Forces_of_the_Security_Service_of_Ukraine_%22Alpha%22 picture]), a [[special forces]] unit;<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ukraine Pushes On With Counteroffensive As Russian Invasion Enters 200th Day |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-announces-withdrawal-kharkiv-ukraine/32026977.html |access-date=2022-09-18 |website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty |language=en |quote=The SBU posted images on Telegram of a group of Ukrainian soldiers with the caption: "Specialists of the SBU's special operations center 'A' in Kupyansk, which was and always will be Ukrainian!"}}</ref> It is part of [[Security Service of Ukraine]]<!--from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Group_(Ukraine)--> * [[File:Patch of UNSO.svg|22px]] [[Ukrainian National Assembly – Ukrainian People's Self-Defence|Ukrainian People's Self-Defence]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ponomarenko |first=Illia |author-link=Illia Ponomarenko |date=2022-04-21 |title=Explainer: What to expect from the Battle of Donbas, Russia's new offensive |url=https://kyivindependent.com/national/explainer-what-to-expect-from-the-battle-of-donbas-russias-new-offensive |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=The Kyiv Independent}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=24 February 2022|title=Ukraine president urges citizens to fight and offers weapons after Russia invasion|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ukraine-russian-war-zelensky-putin-b2022206.html|access-date=24 February 2022|website=The Independent|language=en|archive-date=24 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224123305/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ukraine-russian-war-zelensky-putin-b2022206.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It is a [[Paramilitary|paramilitary group]]. * [[File:Шеврон громадської організації "Аеророзвідка".png|22px]] [[Aerorozvidka]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Parker |first=Charlie |title=Specialist Ukrainian drone unit picks off invading Russian forces as they sleep |language=en |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/specialist-drone-unit-picks-off-invading-forces-as-they-sleep-zlx3dj7bb |access-date=2022-03-27 |issn=0140-0460 |website=The Times |archive-date=9 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509223039/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/specialist-drone-unit-picks-off-invading-forces-as-they-sleep-zlx3dj7bb |url-status=live }}</ref> It is a ''[[Non-governmental organization|volunteer NGO]]'' * [[File:Logo of the Yellow Ribbon (movement).png|22px]] [[Yellow Ribbon (movement)|Yellow Ribbon]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Yellow Ribbon guerrillas lead Ukraine's resistance effort |work=Christian Science Monitor |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2022/0809/Yellow-Ribbon-guerrillas-lead-Ukraine-s-resistance-effort |access-date=2022-11-28 |issn=0882-7729}}</ref> It is a [[Resistance movement|resistance group]]; Members of this kind of group, are often called [[partisan]]s. * [[File:Logo of the Popular Resistance of Ukraine.png|22px]] [[Popular Resistance of Ukraine]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gazeta.ua |date=2022-08-24 |title=Партизани оригінально привітали із Днем Незалежності: фото із захоплених територій |url=https://gazeta.ua/articles/np/_partizani-originalno-privitali-iz-dnem-nezalezhnosti-foto-iz-zahoplenih-teritorij/1107790 |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=Gazeta.ua |language=uk}}</ref> a [[Resistance movement|resistance group]] * [[File:Logo of the Berdiansk Partisan Army.svg|22px]] [[Berdiansk Partisan Army]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-02 |title=Бердянські партизани передали вітання місцевим колаборантам |url=http://iz.com.ua/zaporoje/berdyanski-partizani-peredali-vitannya-mistsevim-kolaborantami |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=Індустріалка - новини Запоріжжя |archive-date=10 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010092009/http://iz.com.ua/zaporoje/berdyanski-partizani-peredali-vitannya-mistsevim-kolaborantami |url-status=dead }}</ref> a [[Resistance movement|resistance group]] * [[File:Kraken logo.png|22px]] [[Kraken Regiment]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kraken_Special_Unit pictures]).<ref name="Kunkle">{{cite news |last=Kunkle |first=Fredrick |date=3 June 2022 |title=Ukraine's volunteer 'Kraken' unit takes the fight to the Russians |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/06/03/ukraine-kraken-volunteer-military-unit/ |access-date=}}</ref> Its chief takes orders directly from the chief of the [[Main Directorate of Intelligence (Ukraine)|Directorate of Intelligence (''HUR'')]]. *. ** [[File:Batshaman.png|22px]] [[Shaman Battalion]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shaman_Unit.jpg picture]). The commander is "Shaman" ([[nom de guerre]]), as of 2025.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/49031. Retrieved 2025-03-17</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Hulevata |first=Tetyana |date=27 June 2022 |title=Український спецназ працює на території росії: що дізналися західні ЗМІ |url=https://telegraf.com.ua/ukr/ukraina/2022-06-27/5708910-ukrainskiy-spetsnaz-rabotaet-na-territorii-rossii-chto-uznali-zapadnye-smi |access-date=26 February 2024 |work=Telegraf |language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Tucker |first=Maxim |date=26 June 2022 |title='Shaman' special forces take the fight across the border into Russia |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/shaman-special-forces-take-the-fight-across-the-border-into-russia-0l6srllwk |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220712194131/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/shaman-special-forces-take-the-fight-across-the-border-into-russia-0l6srllwk |archive-date=12 July 2022 |access-date=13 March 2024 |work=[[The Times]]}}</ref> ** [[File:ArtanHURMO.png|22px]] {{ill|Special Purpose Unit "Artan”|uk|Артан}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kasumova |first=Roksana |date=30 August 2023 |title=Defence Intelligence special unit commander reveals details of operations on the Black Sea |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/articles/2023/08/30/7417610/ |access-date=26 February 2024 |work=[[Ukrainska Pravda]]}}</ref> ** Special Purpose Unit "Timur"<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kravets |first=Roman |date=13 February 2024 |title=Керівник спецпідрозділу ГУР Тимур: Коли Буданов виходить з нами на операції – це стрес, бо завжди великі ризики |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/articles/2024/02/13/7441562/ |access-date=27 February 2024 |work=[[Ukrainska Pravda]] |language=uk}}</ref> *** [[File:Емблема добровольчої сотні Ісуса Христа партії «Братство» Дмитра Корчинського у батальйоні «Азов».jpg|27x27px]] {{ill|"Bratstvo" Battalion|uk| Батальйон «Братство»}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 March 2024 |title=Пам'яті воїнів-розвідників Непийпива, Святоші, Аполлона й Тарасія |trans-title=In memory of scouts Nepiypyva, Svyatoshu, Apollona and Tarasya |url=https://gur.gov.ua/content/pamiati-voiniv-rozvidnykiv-nepyipyva-sviatoshi-apollona-i-tarasiia.html |access-date=11 March 2024 |work=Main Directorate of Intelligence |language=uk}}</ref> *** [[File:Stugna Battalion Logo.jpg|22x22px]] {{ill|"Stuhna" Battalion|uk| Батальйон «Стугна»}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 October 2023 |title=Крим буде українським! |trans-title=Crimea will be Ukrainian! |url=https://gur.gov.ua/content/krym-bude-ukrainskym.html |access-date=11 March 2024 |work=Main Directorate of Intelligence |language=uk}}</ref> *** Volunteer Reconnaissance Battalion "Sonechko"<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 December 2023 |title=Тренування розвідників-штурмовиків |url=https://gur.gov.ua/content/trenuvannia-rozvidnykiv-shturmovykiv.html |access-date=11 March 2024 |work=Main Directorate of Intelligence |language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Побратими називали його незамінним воїном: на війні загинув 23-річний доброволець з Закарпаття |url=https://fakty.ua/422573-pobratimy-nazyvali-ego-nezamenimym-voinom-na-vojne-pogib-23-letnij-dobrovolec-iz-zakarpatya |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=fakty.ua |language=uk}}</ref> *** Special Purpose Unit "Vidar"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Закарпатець Руслан Каганець повідомив про створення спецпідрозділу "Відар" ГУР МО |url=https://anons-zak.com.ua/suspilstvo/34643-zakarpatec-ruslan-kaganec-povdomiv-pro-stvorennya-specpdrozdlu-vdar-gur-mo.html |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=Анонс Закарпаття - всі новини Закарпатської області та м. Ужгород |language=uk}}</ref> *** Special Purpose Unit "Aratta" (formerly the 8th Battalion of the [[Ukrainian Volunteer Army]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Переобладнання пікапу в мобільну майстерню для 8-го окремого батальйону АРАТТА спецпідрозділ ГУР МО |url=https://tviykrok.com.ua/projects/maysterni/locker_aratta/ |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=ТВІЙ КРОК |language=uk}}</ref> *** "Nobody" Unit<ref>{{Cite web |title=Тренування воїнів групи "Nobody" у складі підрозділу Тимура ГУР МО України |url=https://gur.gov.ua/content/trenuvannia-voiniv-hrupy-nobody-u-skladi-pidrozdilu-tymura-hur-mo-ukrainy.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=gur.gov.ua}}</ref> *** "Chimera" Unit<ref>{{Cite web |title="Кажется, будто падает сам самолет": в ГУР показали кадры боев за Авдеевку и обстрелов города КАБами |url=https://nv.ua/ukraine/events/avdeevka-v-gur-pokazali-video-boev-za-gorod-50393087.html |access-date=2024-05-21 |website=nv.ua |language=ru}}</ref> *** "Paragon Company" Detachment<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-02 |title=Як працює спецзагін Буданова PARAGON? |url=https://aspi.com.ua/news/politika/yak-pracyue-speczagin-budanova-paragon |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=aspi.com.ua |language=uk-UA}}</ref> ** {{ill|Special Purpose Unit "Kabul 9"|uk|Кабул 9}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 January 2024 |title="Погляньте, як знищують ворога ці термінатори!": ГУР показало відео роботи спецпідрозділу |url=https://gur.gov.ua/content/virtuozy-pratsiuie-pidrozdil-hur-kabul-9.html |access-date=27 February 2024 |website=The Main Directorate of Intelligence of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine |language=uk}}</ref> ** [[File:СПЕЦПІДРОЗДІЛ КРИЛА.svg|22x22px]] [[Krila (Ukrainian military)|Krila (''Крила'')]] or ''Special Purpose UAV Unit "Wings"''<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 January 2023 |title=Спецпідрозділ "Крила" запускає проект створення флотилії FPV дронів |trans-title=Special Unit "Wings" Launches Project to Create a Flotilla of FPV Drones |url=https://gur.gov.ua/content/spetspidrozdil-kryla-zapuskaie-proekt-stvorennia-flotylii-fpv-droniv.html |access-date=11 March 2024 |work=Main Directorate of Intelligence |language=uk}}</ref> ** Special Purpose [[Unmanned surface vehicle|USV]] Unit "Group 13"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Group 13 Is Hunters for russian Ships |url=https://gur.gov.ua/en/content/group-13-myslyvtsi-za-rosiiskymy-korabliamy.html |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=gur.gov.ua}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pleitgen |first=Joseph Ataman, Frederik |date=2024-02-05 |title=A Ukrainian pilot outlines how drones powered by jet skis sunk a Russian warship |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/02/05/europe/ukraine-drone-jet-skis-russian-warship-intl/index.html |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> ** [[File:LegionDIU.webp|22px]] {{ill|International Legion of Defense Intelligence of Ukraine|uk|Міжнародний легіон при ГУР МО України}}, sometimes called ''DIU Legion''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=International Legion |url=https://legion-diu.org/en |access-date=27 February 2024 |website=International Legion of Defence Intelligence of Ukraine |archive-date=18 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318030538/https://legion-diu.org/en |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ronin Team |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/C8cbVeGqXHH/ |access-date=29 July 2024 |website=Instagram}}</ref> *** Tactical Group "Athena"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tactical Group Athena |url=https://t.me/s/tg_athena_gur?before=56 |access-date=19 July 2024 |website=Telegram}}</ref> *** Ronin Team.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ronin Team |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/C8cbVeGqXHH/ |access-date=29 July 2024 |website=Instagram}}</ref> Sniper and Reconnaissance company. * [[File:1 ОТБр.svg|22px]] [[1st Tank Brigade (Ukraine)|1st Tank Brigade]]. It is part of ''Ukrainian Ground Forces'', ''Operational Command North''.<ref name="forbes">{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2022/02/11/a-single-ukrainian-tank-brigade-stands-between-a-russian-army-and-kyiv/?sh=9536da91dde3|website=forbes.com|title=A Single Ukrainian Tank Brigade Stands Between The Russian Army And Kyiv|access-date=25 February 2022|archive-date=25 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225171124/https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2022/02/11/a-single-ukrainian-tank-brigade-stands-between-a-russian-army-and-kyiv/?sh=9536da91dde3|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[File:1st Separate Brigade of Special Purpose.png|22px]] [[1st Special Purpose Brigade (Ukraine)|1st Special Purpose Brigade]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-09-12 |title=De Balakliïa à Izioum, sur le chemin de la reconquête ukrainienne : " Notre commandant en chef a choisi la bonne stratégie " |language=fr |work=Le Monde.fr |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2022/09/12/notre-commandant-en-chef-a-choisi-la-bonne-strategie-de-balakliia-a-izioum-sur-le-chemin-de-la-reconquete-ukrainienne_6141191_3210.html |access-date=2022-11-26}}</ref> * [[File:3ошбр logo.svg|22px]] [[3rd Assault Brigade]]; As of 2025, it is being changed into a [[corps]]; It will get more soldiers; The corps is supposed to have "12,000 to 15,000 [... soldiers at the front-line] and around 700 to 900 heavy weapons like tanks, armored personnel carriers or artillery"; Furthermore, the corps will have "up to 50,000" people, when one also counts those who are in "[[air defense]] [units], intelligence, [[Electronic warfare|EW]] and" units that do [[military logistics]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Military_logistics picture]) or support, according to media.<ref name=6Corps>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/46570. Retrieved 2025-02-04</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Підрозділ тероборони "Азов" у Києві став окремим полком спецпризначення ЗСУ |url=https://interfax.com.ua/news/general/809958.html |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=Інтерфакс-Україна |language=uk}}</ref> * [[File:4th Tank Brigade Patch.png|22px]] [[4th Tank Brigade (Ukraine)|4th Tank Brigade]]<ref>{{cite news | last1=Ponomarenko | first1=Illia | title=Russia's offensive in Donbas bogs down | url=https://kyivindependent.com/national/russias-offensive-in-donbas-bogs-down/ | work=Kyiv Independent | date=7 May 2022 | access-date=27 May 2022 | archive-date=13 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513105829/https://kyivindependent.com/national/russias-offensive-in-donbas-bogs-down/ | url-status=live }}</ref> * [[File:26th Separate Artillery Brigade SSI (with tab).svg|22px]] [[26th Artillery Brigade (Ukraine)|26th Artillery Brigade]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=We will respond to the terrorists for each of their vile acts, for each missile – we are capable of that – address by the President of Ukraine|url=https://www.mil.gov.ua/en/news/2022/09/15/we-will-respond-to-the-terrorists-for-each-of-their-vile-acts-for-each-missile-%E2%80%93-we-are-capable-of-that-%E2%80%93-address-by-the-president-of-ukraine/|date=15 September 2022|access-date=28 October 2022}}</ref> * [[File:27 ОРеАБр.svg|22px]] [[27th Rocket Artillery Brigade (Ukraine)|27th Rocket Artillery Brigade]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Внаслідок ворожого обстрілу загинули четверо бійців з Полтавщини |url=https://np.pl.ua/2022/04/vnaslidok-vorozhoho-obstrilu-zahynuly-chetvero-biytsiv-z-poltavshchyny/ |date=27 April 2022 |access-date=3 May 2022 |archive-date=27 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427070946/https://np.pl.ua/2022/04/vnaslidok-vorozhoho-obstrilu-zahynuly-chetvero-biytsiv-z-poltavshchyny/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[File:30 ОМБр.svg|22px]] [[30th Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)|30th Mechanised Brigade]]<ref name="NV225"/> * [[File:31st Separate Mechanized Brigade SSI (no tab).svg|22px]] [[31st Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)|31st Mechanized Brigade]]<ref>{{cite web |title=There Are Fancy Ukrainian Brigades—Then There's The 31st Mechanized. The Unassuming Unit Just Pulled A Daring Maneuver. |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2023/06/26/there-are-fancy-ukrainian-brigades-then-theres-the-31st-mechanized-the-unassuming-unit-just-pulled-a-daring-maneuver/?sh=10933464dd34 |work=Forbes |access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref> * [[File:47 Logo 23 RGB Black.png|22px]] [[47th Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)|47th Mechanized Brigade]], part of the [[occupation force]] in Kursk, Russia (as of 2024's fourth quarter).<ref name=73rdMar>https://www.kyivpost.com/opinion/42507. Retrieved 2024-11-24</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ukraine war: Western armour struggles against Russian defences |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66306150 |website=BBC News |date=27 July 2023 |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref> '' 47th [[Mahura]] Mechanized Brigade'', is another name of the unit.<ref>https://kyivindependent.com/battalion-commander-of-the-47th-brigade-submits-resignation-report-slams-military-leadership-over-stupid-tasks/. Retrieved 2025-05-18</ref> * [[File:58th Separate Motorized Brigade SSI (with tab).svg|22px]] [[58th Motorized Brigade (Ukraine)|58th Motorised Brigade]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nv.ua/ukr/ukraine/events/zsu-vchetverte-na-odnomu-i-tomu-zh-misci-rozbili-vorozhu-pontonnu-perepravu-50226234.html|title=ЗСУ вчетверте на одному і тому ж місці розбили ворожу понтонну переправу|date=18 March 2022|access-date=20 June 2022}}</ref> * [[File:61 ОПЄБр к.svg|22px]] [[61st Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)|61st Mechanized Brigade]] ** 99th Mechanized Battalion<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2024/08/09/more-ukrainian-brigades-roll-into-russias-kursk-oblast-as-ukrainian-artillery-blocks-russian-reinforcements/ | title=More Ukrainian Brigades Roll into Russia's Kursk Oblast as Ukrainian Artillery Blocks Russian Reinforcements | website=[[Forbes]] }}</ref> * [[File:72 ОМБр.svg|22px]] [[72nd Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)|72nd Mechanised Brigade]] <ref name="Brovarsky"/> * [[File:110 brigade.png|22px]] [[110th Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)|110th Mechanised Brigade]] <ref name="kherson"/> * [[File:10th Mountain Assault Brigade Insignia (UA).svg|22px]] [[10th Mountain Assault Brigade (Ukraine)|10th Mountain Assault Brigade]] "Edelweiss", are fighting in [[Kupiansk raion]],<ref name=10thMount>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/43242. Retrieved 2024-12-03</ref> Kharkiv, and the soldiers destroyed Russian tanks outside [[Siversk]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Siversk_(Donetsk_Oblast) map]), [[Bakhmut raion|Bakhmut]] as of 2024's fourth quarter.<ref name=10mouPlusOne>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/42946. Retrieved 2024-11-27</ref><ref name="Mariupol">{{cite web|title=Russian invasion update: Ukraine repels tank attack, captures six Russians in Mariupol|url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3414859-russian-invasion-update-ukraine-repels-tank-attack-captures-six-russians-in-mariupol.html|publisher=Ukrinform|date=27 February 2022|access-date=28 February 2022|archive-date=27 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227165047/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3414859-russian-invasion-update-ukraine-repels-tank-attack-captures-six-russians-in-mariupol.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It is part of [[Operational Command West]]. **8th Separate Assault Battalion<ref name=10thMount/> * [[File:14 ОМБр.svg|22px]] [[14th Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)|14th Mechanised Brigade]], defending [[Kupyansk]], [[Kharkiv oblast]] (as of 2024's fourth quarter)<ref>https://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/volodimir-zelenskij-zustrivsya-z-oboroncyami-kupyanska-94481. Retrieved 2024-11-30</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Armed Forces of Ukraine eliminating Russian invaders in Kharkiv region |url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3569176-armed-forces-of-ukraine-eliminating-russian-invaders-in-kharkiv-region.html |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=www.ukrinform.net |date=11 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref> * [[File:22nd Separate Mechanized Brigade SSI (ver. 2, with tab).svg|22px]] [[22nd Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)|22nd Mechanized Brigade]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-kursk-incursion-72833e25fed6075350fe970e3ce57d7d | title=Russia says it's fighting a cross-border attack by Ukrainian forces. Kyiv officials have no comment | website=[[Associated Press News]] | date=6 August 2024 }}</ref> * [[File:24 ОМБр.svg|22px]] [[24th Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)|24th Mechanised Brigade]], sometimes called the ''[[Daniel of Galicia|King Danylo]] 24th Brigade'', in [[Chasiv Yar]] (as of 2024's fourth quarter);<ref name=Daniel24ofGalicia>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/42883. Retrieved 2024-11-27</ref><ref>{{cite web|title='We want to keep Ukraine free.' Why women rise in Ukraine army.|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2022/0223/We-want-to-keep-Ukraine-free.-Why-women-rise-in-Ukraine-army|publisher=The Christian Science Monitor|date=23 February 2022|access-date=27 February 2022|archive-date=27 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227052625/https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2022/0223/We-want-to-keep-Ukraine-free.-Why-women-rise-in-Ukraine-army|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[File:44th Separate Artillery Brigade SSI (var. 1, no tab).svg|22px]] [[44th Artillery Brigade (Ukraine)|44th Artillery Brigade]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Росіяни сховали свою БМП в копиці сіна. Але 44-та артбригада її знайшла. ВІДЕО |url=https://novynarnia.com/2022/03/31/v-kopyczi-sina-ale-44/|date=31 March 2022|access-date=6 May 2022}}</ref> * [[File:53 ОМБр.svg|22px]] [[53rd Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)|53rd Mechanised Brigade]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Video: Unorthodox: Ukrainian Brigade Destroys Russian Base Set Up Near Church |url=https://spokesman-recorder.com/2022/04/27/video-unorthodox-ukrainian-brigade-destroys-russian-base-set-up-near-church/ |date=27 April 2022 |access-date=11 May 2022 |archive-date=12 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512014510/https://spokesman-recorder.com/2022/04/27/video-unorthodox-ukrainian-brigade-destroys-russian-base-set-up-near-church/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ** [[File:24th Separate Assault Battalion SSI (with tab).svg|22px]] [[Aidar Battalion|24th Assault Battalion]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Russian drone strike destroys Aidar battalion command post in Ukraine's Donetsk {{!}} Watch |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/russia-ukraine-war/story/russian-drone-strike-destroys-aidar-battalion-command-post-donetsk-ukraine-1920958-2022-03-05 |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=India Today |date=5 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref> * [[File:68 YEGERSKA BRIGADA.svg|22px]] [[68th Jaeger Brigade (Ukraine)|68th Jaeger Brigade]] <ref name="kherson">{{Cite web |date=12 November 2022 |title=The defense forces have established control in more than 60 settlements of the Kherson region - address of the President of Ukraine |url=https://www.president.gov.ua/news/sili-oboroni-vstanovili-kontrol-u-ponad-60-naselenih-punktah-79105 |access-date=10 January 2023 |website=Office of the President of Ukraine}}</ref> * [[File:88th Separate Mechanized Brigade.png|22px]] [[88th Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)|88th Mechanized Brigade]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2024/08/07/yesterday-ukraine-invaded-russia-today-the-ukrainians-marched-nearly-10-miles-whatever-kyiv-aims-to-achieve-its-taking-a-huge-risk/ | title=Yesterday, Ukraine Invaded Russia. Today, the Ukrainians Marched Nearly 10 Miles. Whatever Kyiv Aims to Achieve, It's Taking a Huge Risk | website=[[Forbes]] }}</ref> * [[File:128 ОГШБр к.svg|22px]] [[128th Mountain Assault Brigade (Ukraine)|128th Mountain Assault Brigade]] <ref>{{cite web |title=Ukrainian army forces enemy to retreat from Kreminna in Luhansk region |url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3451178-ukrainian-army-forces-enemy-to-retreat-from-kreminna-in-luhansk-region.html |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=www.ukrinform.net |date=7 April 2022 |language=en |archive-date=7 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407110859/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3451178-ukrainian-army-forces-enemy-to-retreat-from-kreminna-in-luhansk-region.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NV225"/> * [[File:17th tank brigade insignia daily.svg|22px]] [[17th Tank Brigade (Ukraine)|17th Tank Brigade]],<ref name="forbes-2"/> part of [[Operational Command East]] * [[File:42nd Separate Mechanized Brigade.png|22px]] [[42nd Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)|42nd Mechanized Brigade]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Ukraine's 42nd Brigade Has The Best Stryker Fighting Vehicles—And The Worst MT-LB Fighting Vehicles, Tood50b10e9bb |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2023/09/13/ukraines-42nd-brigade-has-the-best-stryker-fighting-vehicles-and-the-worst-mt-lb-fighting-vehicles-too/?sh=61d50b10e9bb |work=Forbes |access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref> * [[File:54th Separate Mechanized Brigade SSI (with tab).svg|22px]] [[54th Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)|54th Mechanised Brigade]]<ref name="Kyivpost">{{cite web |url=https://www.kyivpost.com/russias-war/uaf-gain-ground-in-kherson-and-donbas-sectors-dozens-of-rf-armored-vehicles-claimed-destroyed.html |title=UAF Gain Ground in Kherson and Donbas Sectors, Dozens of RF Armored Vehicles Claimed Destroyed |work=Kyiv Post |date=5 September 2022 |access-date=6 October 2022 }}</ref> * [[File:55 ОАБр.svg|22px]] [[55th Artillery Brigade (Ukraine)|55th Artillery Brigade]] <ref>{{cite web|title=Комбриг 55-ї артилерійської бригади Роман Качур став Героєм України|url=https://novynarnia.com/2022/05/13/kombryg-55-yi-artylerijskoyi-brygady-roman-kachur-stav-geroyem-ukrayiny/|date=13 May 2022|access-date=13 May 2022|archive-date=12 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512230115/https://novynarnia.com/2022/05/13/kombryg-55-yi-artylerijskoyi-brygady-roman-kachur-stav-geroyem-ukrayiny/|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[File:92nd Separate Motorized Infantry Brigade SSI.svg|22px]] [[92nd Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)|92nd Mechanised Brigade]]; As of 2025, it is being changed into a [[corps]]; It will get more soldiers; The corps is supposed to have 12,000 to 15,000 soldiers at the front-line, according to media.<ref name=6Corps/><ref>{{cite web |title=Fighters of 92nd brigade near Balaklia captured Russian soldiers from Kaliningrad. Video |website=censor.net |date=8 September 2022 |url=https://censor.net/en/news/3365898/fighters_of_92nd_brigade_near_balaklia_captured_russian_soldiers_from_kaliningrad_video |access-date=12 September 2022}}</ref> It is part of the [[occupation force]] in Kursk, Russia (as of 2024's fourth quarter).<ref name=73rdMar/> ** [[File:22-й окремий мотопіхотний батальйон «Харків».png|22px]] [[22nd Motorized Infantry Battalion (Ukraine)|22nd Motorised Infantry Battalion]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-60860548|title=Defiant Ukrainian troops tell Russians: 'Go home while you're still alive'|work=BBC News |date=24 March 2022 |publisher= |accessdate=25 March 2022}}</ref> * [[File:93 ОМБр п.svg|22px]] [[93rd Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)|93rd Mechanised Brigade]] <ref name="news">{{cite web |title=Ukraine Armed Forces capture Russian military from Yampil motorised rifle regiment |url=https://news.am/eng/news/688447.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224212702/https://news.am/eng/news/688447.html |archive-date=24 February 2022 |access-date=25 February 2022 |website=news.am}}</ref> * [[File:Ємблема 107РАБ.png|22px]] [[107th Rocket Artillery Brigade (Ukraine)|107th Rocket Artillery Brigade]]<ref name="President of Ukraine">{{cite web |title=We will respond to the terrorists for each of their vile acts, for each missile – we are capable of that – address by the President of Ukraine |url=https://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/vidpovimo-teroristam-na-kozhnu-yihnyu-pidlist-na-kozhnu-rake-77801 |access-date=18 September 2022 |publisher=Office of the President of Ukraine}}</ref> * [[File:5th Separate Tank Brigade.png|22px]] [[5th Tank Brigade (Ukraine)|5th Tank Brigade]],<ref name="forbes-2">{{cite news | last1=Axe | first1=David | title=T-72s To The Rescue? Ukraine's 5th Tank Brigade Could Roll Into Battle Any Day Now. | url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2022/04/20/ukraines-5th-tank-brigade-could-roll-into-battle-any-day-now/ | access-date=27 April 2022 | work=Forbes | date=20 April 2022 | archive-date=26 April 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426025118/https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2022/04/20/ukraines-5th-tank-brigade-could-roll-into-battle-any-day-now/ | url-status=live }}</ref> part of [[Operational Command South]] <ref name="z533">{{cite web |title=Указ Президента України №533/2022|url=https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/5332022-43469|date=27 July 2022|access-date=9 August 2022}}</ref> * [[File:28 ОМБр к.svg|22px]] [[28th Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)|28th Mechanised Brigade]] (Colonel Vitalii Huliaiev {{font|text=†|font=Times|size=120%}})<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/07/24/7359978/|title=Colonel Huliaiev, Commander of the 28th Mechanised Brigade, is dead|date=24 July 2022|access-date=27 October 2022}}</ref> * [[File:40th Separate Artillery Brigade SSI (with tab).svg|22px]] [[40th Artillery Brigade (Ukraine)|40th Artillery Brigade]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=President: Heroism and grit of our warriors leave no doubt that Ukraine will win |url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3578985-president-heroism-and-grit-of-our-warriors-leave-no-doubt-that-ukraine-will-win.html |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=www.ukrinform.net |date=24 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref> * [[File:56th Separate Motorized Infantry Brigade SSI.svg|22px]] [[56th Motorized Brigade (Ukraine)|56th Motorised Brigade]] <ref name="F24">{{cite news | last1=Eydoux | first1=Thomas | title=In Mariupol, a war of images to prove who controls the city | url=https://observers.france24.com/en/europe/20220330-mariupol-war-images-propaganda-azov-chechen-soldiers | access-date=1 April 2022 | work=France24 | date=30 March 2022 | archive-date=1 April 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401165424/https://observers.france24.com/en/europe/20220330-mariupol-war-images-propaganda-azov-chechen-soldiers | url-status=live }}</ref> * [[File:57th Motorized Brigade Patch.svg|22px]] [[57th Motorized Brigade (Ukraine)|57th Motorised Brigade]]<ref name="iranpress">{{cite web|url=https://iranpress.com/content/55833/fighters-ukraine-57th-infantry-brigade-lay-down-arms|website=iranpress.com|title=Fighters of Ukraine's 57th infantry brigade lay down arms|access-date=25 February 2022|archive-date=25 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225094626/https://iranpress.com/content/55833/fighters-ukraine-57th-infantry-brigade-lay-down-arms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NV225">{{cite web |title=Ukraine stymies Russian efforts to cut off Luhansk in Bilohorivka |url=https://english.nv.ua/nation/analysis-of-russia-s-loss-in-fording-the-siverskyi-donets-river-in-donbas-ukraine-ukraine-news-50244106.html |date=22 May 2022 |access-date=27 May 2022 |archive-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522143733/https://english.nv.ua/nation/analysis-of-russia-s-loss-in-fording-the-siverskyi-donets-river-in-donbas-ukraine-ukraine-news-50244106.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[File:59th Separate Motorized Infantry Brigade SSI (with tab).png|22px]] [[59th Motorized Brigade (Ukraine)|59th Motorised Brigade]] <ref>{{cite news |last1=Schwirtz |first1=Michael |title=Proud Band of Ukrainian Troops Holds Russian Assault at Bay — for Now |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/06/world/europe/ukraine-beats-russia-mykolaiv.html |access-date=8 March 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=6 March 2022 |archive-date=9 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083045/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/06/world/europe/ukraine-beats-russia-mykolaiv.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3510132-zelensky-we-will-not-give-away-the-south-to-anyone.html|title= Zelensky: We will not give away the south to anyone |date=19 June 2022|access-date=20 June 2022}}</ref> ** [[Da Vinci Wolves Battalion]]<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/48487. Retrieved 2025-03-07</ref> * [[File:60-та окрема піхотна бригада.png|22px]] [[60th Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)|60th Mechanized Brigade]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news-60-opbr-zvilnennia-ivanivky/31937890.html|title=60-та окрема піхотна бригада повідомляє про звільнення села Іванівка на Херсонщині |newspaper=Радіо Свобода |date=11 July 2022|access-date=26 August 2022}}</ref> * [[File:131st Separate Reconnaissance Battalion SSI (with tab).svg|22px]] {{ill|131st Separate Reconnaissance Battalion (Ukraine)|lt=131st Reconnaissance Battalion|uk|131-й окремий розвідувальний батальйон (Україна)}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=ЗСУ взяли під контроль Снігурівку |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2022/11/10/7375743/ |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=Українська правда |language=uk}}</ref> * [[File:3 ОТБр к.svg|22px]] [[3rd Tank Brigade (Ukraine)|3rd Tank Brigade]]<ref>{{cite news | last1=Axe | first1=David | title=Ukraine Has Mobilized Its Tank Reserves. They're Already On The Attack. | url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2022/04/18/ukraine-has-mobilized-its-tank-reserves-theyre-already-on-the-attack | access-date=27 April 2022 | work=Forbes | date=18 April 2022 | archive-date=24 April 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424015859/https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2022/04/18/ukraine-has-mobilized-its-tank-reserves-theyre-already-on-the-attack/ | url-status=live }}</ref> * [[File:15th Separate Artillery Reconnaissance Brigade SSI (with tab).png|22px]] {{ill|15th Artillery Reconnaissance Brigade (Ukraine)|lt=15th Artillery Reconnaissance Brigade|uk|15-та окрема бригада артилерійської розвідки (Україна)}}<ref name="President of Ukraine"/> * [[File:19 ОРБр.svg|22px]] [[19th Missile Brigade (Ukraine)|19th Missile Brigade]] <ref>{{cite news |date=2022-03-30 |title=Ukrainian Missile Hits Military Camp Inside Russia: Report |language=en |work=NDTV |url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/ukrainian-missile-hits-military-camp-inside-russia-report-2851545 |access-date=2022-05-04 |archive-date=4 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504060259/https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/ukrainian-missile-hits-military-camp-inside-russia-report-2851545 |url-status=live }}</ref> * 42nd Mechanised Brigade<ref name="Kyivpost"/> * [[File:43rd Separate Artillery Brigade SSI (with tab).svg|22px]] [[43rd Artillery Brigade (Ukraine)|43rd Artillery Brigade]] <ref name="President of Ukraine"/> * [[File:Окрема добровольча чота «Карпатська Січ».png|22px]] [[49th Infantry Battalion (Ukraine)|49th Infantry Battalion]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=У Києві на Майдані Незалежності попрощались із командиром батальйону "Карпатська Січ" Олегом Куциним |url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/foto-proshchannyaia-kyiv-kum/31910499.html |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=Радіо Свобода |language=uk|last1=Нужненко |first1=Сергій }}</ref> * [[File:63-тя окрема механізована бригада.png|22px]] [[63rd Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)|63rd Mechanised Brigade]] <ref name="kherson"/> * No longer a unit, [[67th Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)|67th Mechanised Brigade]]{{efn|previously the [[Ukrainian Volunteer Corps]]}}<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Roussinos |first=Aris |date=2022-06-17 |title=On the frontline with the Right Sector militia |url=https://unherd.com/2022/06/on-the-frontline-with-the-right-sector-militia/ |access-date=2022-07-25 |website=UnHerd |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=20 April 2022 |title=Ukraine buries its war dead |url=https://www.reuters.com/news/picture/ukraine-buries-its-war-dead-idUSRTS76SE9 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220420214444/https://www.reuters.com/news/picture/ukraine-buries-its-war-dead-idUSRTS76SE9 |archive-date=20 April 2022 |access-date=23 April 2022 |work=Reuters}}</ref> * 98th Infantry Battalion<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/08/03/1114755089/a-young-officer-hopes-to-turn-the-tide-of-war-as-ukraine-fights-to-retake-a-key |title=A young officer hopes to turn the tide of war, as Ukraine fights to retake a key city |work=NPR |date=3 August 2022 |access-date=6 October 2022 }}</ref> * [[File:115th Separate Mechanized Brigade SSI (with tab).svg|22px]] [[115th Mechanized Brigade|115th Mechanised Brigade]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Haq |first=Julia Kesaieva,Tim Lister,Darya Tarasova,Sana Noor |date=2022-07-17 |title=Bloody battle for control rages in eastern Ukraine as Russia struggles to gain ground in Donetsk |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/07/17/europe/russia-ukraine-donetsk-battle-for-control-intl/index.html |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> ** [[File:НЗ СВ.svg|22px]] 225th Assault Battalion<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-13 |title=Incursion ukrainienne en Russie : " Le moral est monté d'un cran " |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2024/08/13/incursion-ukrainienne-en-russie-le-moral-est-monte-d-un-cran_6279134_3210.html |access-date=2024-09-01 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-13 |title=Ukraine's 225th battalion showed Russian flag removal in Kursk Oblast village, video alleged |url=https://kyivindependent.com/ukraines-225th-battalion-showed-russian-flag-removal-in-kursk-oblast-village-video-alleged/ |access-date=2024-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240813210938/https://kyivindependent.com/ukraines-225th-battalion-showed-russian-flag-removal-in-kursk-oblast-village-video-alleged/ |archive-date=13 August 2024 }}</ref> * [[File:116th Separate Mechanized Brigade SSI (no tab).svg|22px]] [[116th Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)|116th Mechanized Brigade]]<ref name="presidentukraine">{{cite web|title=President of Ukraine paid a visit to the brigades engaged in offensive operations in the Melitopol sector|url=https://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/prezident-ukrayini-vidvidav-brigadi-yaki-vedut-nastupalni-di-84889 |website=President of Ukraine |publisher=president.gov.ua |access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref> * [[File:117th mech.png|22px]] [[117th Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)|117th Mechanized Brigade]]<ref name="presidentukraine"/> * [[File:142nd Separate Reserve Rifle Brigade SSI.svg|22px]] [[142nd Rifle Brigade (Ukraine)|142nd Rifle Brigade]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://focus.ua/uk/voennye-novosti/572854-likvidovuyut-voroga-ta-yogo-tehniku-novostvorena-brigada-zsu-pochala-robotu-na-fronti-video | title=Ліквідовують ворога та його техніку: новостворена бригада ЗСУ почала роботу на фронті (відео) | date=15 June 2023 }}</ref> * 214th Rifle Battalion<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zelenskyy thanks Armed Forces for reclaiming Yampil and Lyman: Ukraine takes over initiative in war|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/zelenskyy-thanks-armed-forces-reclaiming-190518875.html|website=Yahoo|date=30 September 2022 |accessdate=2022-10-01|language=English}}</ref> * . ** [[Kakhovka operational group]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-august-29 |title=Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, August 29 |work=Institute for the Study of War |date=29 August 2022 |access-date=31 August 2022 |archive-date=3 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903033144/https://understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-august-29 |url-status=live }}</ref> ** [[Khortytsia operational-strategic group]] <ref>{{cite web |title=Commander from "hottest" front reports to Zelenskyy during Staff meeting |url=https://www.yahoo.com/now/commander-hottest-front-reports-zelenskyy-205954219.html |website=Yahoo |date=19 January 2023 |publisher=Yahoo! News |access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref> ** [[File:Separate Regiment of the President of Ukraine.svg|22px]] [[Separate Presidential Brigade]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Axe |first=David |title=Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky's Personal Brigade Is Fighting One Of the Ukraine War's Hardest Battles |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2022/11/25/ukrainian-president-volodymyr-zelenskys-personal-brigade-is-fighting-one-of-the-ukraine-wars-hardest-battles/ |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> ** [[File:425th Assault Battalion "Skala".png|22px]] [[Skala Battalion]] <ref>{{Cite news |last=Journal |first=James Marson / Photographs by Emanuele Satolli for The Wall Street |title=The Bravery and the Recklessness of Ukraine's Improvised Army |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/ukraine-military-kharkiv-russia-war-landmines-11672326884 |access-date=2023-04-04 |newspaper=Wall Street Journal |date=29 December 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Axe |first=David |title=Ukrainian Scouts Were In Their Foxholes Near Bakhmut When A Russian Bomber Came Crashing Down |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2022/12/06/ukrainian-scouts-were-in-their-foxholes-near-bakhmut-when-a-russian-bomber-came-crashing-down/ |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> ** [[File:Sheikh Mansur Battalion shoulder patch.svg|22px]] [[Sheikh Mansur Battalion]] <ref>{{cite web |date=2022-03-22 |title=Foreign Fighters: Taking the Fight to Russia in Ukraine |url=https://balkaninsight.com/2022/03/22/foreign-fighters-taking-the-fight-to-russia-in-ukraine/ |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=Balkan Insight |language=en-US |archive-date=22 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322184351/https://balkaninsight.com/2022/03/22/foreign-fighters-taking-the-fight-to-russia-in-ukraine/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[File:32nd Rocket Artillery Regiment.png|22px]] [[32nd Artillery Brigade (Ukraine)|32nd Marine Artillery Brigade]].<ref>[https://mil.in.ua/uk/news/artyleriya-morpihiv-otrymala-vitchyznyani-sau-bogdana/ Артилерія морпіхів отримала вітчизняні САУ “Богдана”]</ref> It is part of the [[Ukrainian Marine Corps]]. * [[File:35th Separate Marine Brigade.png|22px]] [[35th Marine Brigade (Ukraine)|35th Marine Brigade]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63137061 |title=Ukraine regains Kherson villages from Russians |author=Paul Kirby |work=BBC |date=5 October 2022 |access-date=6 October 2022 }}</ref> ** [[File:18th_Separate_Marine_Battalion.png|22px]] [[18th Marine Bataillon (Ukraine)|18th Separate Marine Battalion]]<ref>[https://ukraine-memorial.org/ua/biography/derduga-sergiy-mikolayovich/ Дердуга Сергій Миколайович. Український меморіал]</ref><ref>[https://usionline.com/v-odesse-prostjatsja-s-pogibshim-geroem/ В Одесі попрощаються із загиблим Героєм. 05.06.2022, 11:51]</ref><ref>[https://suspilne.media/246833-u-mikolaivskij-oblasti-zaginuv-komandir-odeskogo-bataljonu-morskoi-pihoti/ У Миколаївській області загинув командир одеського батальйону морської піхоти. 05.06.2022, 10:54]</ref> **[[File:88th_Separate_Air_Assault_Battalion.png|22px]] [[88th Marine Air Assault Battalion (Ukraine)|88th Separate Marine Battalion]]<ref name="Іс">{{Cite web|url=https://mahala.com.ua/viyna/shliakh-boyovoho-pidrozdilu-istoriia-stvorennia-viyskovoi-chastyny-88-ho-okremoho-batalyonu-morskoi-pikhoty-foto/|title=Шлях бойового підрозділу: історія створення військової частини 88-го окремого батальйону морської піхоти (Фото)|last=Bykovska|first=Lily|date=2024-05-23|website=Махала|language=uk|access-date=2024-08-10}}</ref> ** [[File:137th_Separate_Marine_Battalion.png|22px]] [[137th Marine Bataillon (Ukraine)|137th Separate Marine Battalion]]<ref>[https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-ato/3843458-hersonska-ova-pokazala-ak-morpihi-znisuut-voroga-na-livoberezzi-dnipra.html Херсонська ОВА показала, як морпіхи знищують ворога на лівобережжі Дніпра]</ref> * [[File:36th_Separate_Marine_Brigade.png|22px]] [[36th Marine Brigade (Ukraine)|36th Marine Brigade]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Henley |first=Jon |date=13 April 2022 |title=More than 1,000 Ukraine marines have surrendered in Mariupol, says Russia |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/apr/13/more-than-1000-ukraine-marines-have-surrendered-in-mariupol-says-russia |access-date=7 May 2022 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> ** [[File:1st_Separate_Marine_Battalion.png|22px]] [[1st Marine Battalion (Ukraine)|1st Separate Marine Battalion]]<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-10-13 |title=Бахмутський напрямок досі один із найжорсткіших на фронті — Зеленський |url=https://suspilne.media/288958-bahmutskij-napramok-dosi-odin-iz-najzorstkisih-na-fronti-zelenskij/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=suspilne.media/ |publisher=[[Суспільне Новини]] }}</ref> ** [[File:501st_Separate_Marine_Battalion.png|22px]] [[501st Separate Naval Infantry Battalion|501st Separate Marine Battalion]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Axe |first=David |title=A Notorious Marine Battalion Has Joined Ukraine's Invasion Of Russia |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2024/08/18/a-notorious-marine-battalion-has-joined-ukraines-invasion-of-russia/ |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> * [[File:37th Separate Marine Brigade (Ukraine) patch.svg|22px]] [[37th Marine Brigade (Ukraine)|37th Marine Brigade]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Axe |first1=David |title=At The Bleeding Edge Of Ukraine's Counteroffensive, The Ukrainian Marine Corps Switches Up Its Tactics |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2023/06/06/at-the-bleeding-edge-of-ukraines-counteroffensive-the-ukrainian-marine-corps-has-worked-out-new-infantry-tactics/?sh=46675eb1316e |work=Forbes |access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref> ** [[File:505th_Separate_Marine_Battalion.png|22px]] [[505th Marine Battalion (Ukraine)|505th Separate Marine Battalion]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.slidstvo.info/english-stories/i-have-seen-hell-and-the-name-of-it-is-krynky-fighters-who-held-the-village-on-the-left-bank-and-disappeared-there/|title='I Have Seen Hell, and the Name of It is "Krynky" — Fighters Who Held the Village on the Left Bank and Disappeared There|website=Slidstvo|accessdate=7 September 2024}}</ref> * [[File:38th Separate Marine Brigade.png|22px]] [[38th Marine Brigade (Ukraine)|38th Marine Brigade]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khmilevska |date=2023-08-16 |title=У МІНОБОРОНИ ПІДТВЕРДИЛИ ЗВІЛЬНЕННЯ УРОЖАЙНОГО |url=https://zn.ua/ukr/war/u-minoboroni-pidtverdili-zvilnennja-urozhajnoho-.html |website=[[Dzerkalo Tyzhnia]] |language=uk}}</ref> ** [[File:503th Separate Marine Battalion.png|22px]] [[503rd Marine Battalion (Ukraine)|503rd Separate Marine Battalion]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Прийняли на себе удар трьох БТГ: відомо, де загинув львівський морпіх Павло Сбитов|url=https://www.nta.ua/pryjnyaly-na-sebe-udar-troh-btg-vidomo-de-zagynuv-lvivskyj-morpih-pavlo-sbytov/|website=НТА|date=2022-03-12|accessdate=2022-03-12|language=uk}}</ref><ref>[https://www.president.gov.ua/news/opir-stijkist-ta-horobrist-nashih-zahisnikiv-dayut-zmogu-zbe-73589 Опір, стійкість та хоробрість наших захисників дають змогу зберегти наш народ і нашу землю&nbsp;— звернення Президента України]</ref><ref>[https://www.president.gov.ua/news/prezident-vruchiv-nagorodi-vijskovim-ta-chlenam-rodin-zagibl-74661 Президент вручив нагороди військовим та членам родин загиблих захисників, яким присвоєно звання Героя України]</ref> * [[File:140th Separate Recon Battalion.png|22px]] [[140th Marine Reconnaissance Bataillon (Ukraine)|140th Marine Reconnaissance Bataillon]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Завтра Львів попрощається із захисниками Андрієм Савчуком та Василем Лемою |url=https://city-adm.lviv.ua/news/society/public-sector/302147-zavtra-lviv-poproshchaietsia-iz-zakhysnykamy-andriiem-savchukom-ta-vasylem-lemoiu}}</ref> * [[File:Новий шеврон 406.png|22px]] [[406th Marine Artillery Brigade (Ukraine)|406th Marine Artillery Brigade]]<ref>{{Cite web|title="Маємо хороші новини з Харківщини": Зеленський сказав слова подяки п'ятьом бригадам|url=https://novynarnia.com/2022/09/08/mayemo-horoshi-novyny-z-harkivshhyny-zelenskyj-skazav-slova-podyaky-pyatom-brygadam/|website=novynarnia.com|date=2022-09-07|accessdate=2022-09-09|language=uk}}</ref> * [[File:414th_Marine_Strike_UAV_Battalion.png|22px]] [[414th Strike UAV Brigade]], also known as "Birds of Magyar"; Other names are ''414th Unmanned Aircraft Brigade'',<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/opinion/49563. Retrieved 2025-03-26</ref> and a former name, ''414th Marine Unmanned Strike Systems Regiment''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://focus.ua/uk/voennye-novosti/620460-z-roti-v-batalyon-ptahi-madyara-stali-pershoyu-okremoyu-chastinoyu-bpla-u-skladi-zsu-brovdi|title=З роти в батальйон: "Птахи Мадяра" стали першою окремою частиною БПЛА у складі ЗСУ, — Бровді|archivedate=2024-01-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129143840/https://focus.ua/uk/voennye-novosti/620460-z-roti-v-batalyon-ptahi-madyara-stali-pershoyu-okremoyu-chastinoyu-bpla-u-skladi-zsu-brovdi}}</ref> * [[File:Емблема 1 дивізіону кораблів охорони рейду.png|22px]] [[1st Naval Guard and Patrol Division (Ukraine)|1st Guard and Patrol Division]], part of {{navy|Ukraine}} ** [[File:(P176) Нікополь.png|22px]] ''Nikopol''<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y8fJzXMzZ5Q #97 Фронтова поплава]</ref> * [[8th Naval Raid Protection Ships Division (Ukraine)|8th Raid Protection Ships Division]] ** ''Netishyn''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.president.gov.ua/news/volodimir-zelenskij-vruchiv-visoki-derzhavni-nagorodi-lyudya-77281|title=Володимир Зеленський вручив високі державні нагороди людям, завдяки яким Україна зберігає свою незалежність|date=24 August 2022|website=president.gov.ua/|publisher=Presidential Website (Ukraine)|accessdate=27 August 2022}}</ref> * [[File:9 дивізіон надводних кораблів.png|22px]] [[9th Naval Surface Ships Division (Ukraine)|9th Surface Ships Division]] **Its ''[[Ukrainian command ship Donbas|command ship ''Donbas'']]'' ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Donbas_(ship,_1970) picture]) sank during the [[Siege of Mariupol]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oryx |title=List Of Naval Losses During The 2022 Russian Invasion Of Ukraine |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/03/list-of-naval-losses-during-2022.html |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=Oryx}}</ref><ref>[https://dumskaya.net/news/ukrainskie-sily-oborony-unichtozhili-v-mariupole-173323/ua/ Українські Сили оборони вдарили по судну «Донбас» в тимчасово окупованому Маріуполі: росіяни використовували його як склад. 23.02.2023, 13:47]</ref> ** These (boats or ships) were captured: ''Korets'', ''Kremenchuk'', ''Vyshhorod'', ''Ackerman''.<ref name=az>{{Cite web|title=Рашисти вивели захоплені українські катери в Новоросійськ - Мілітарний|url=https://mil.in.ua/uk/news/rashysty-vyvely-zahopleni-ukrayinski-katery-v-novorosijsk/|website=mil.in.ua|accessdate=2023-07-04}}</ref><ref name=az/><ref name=capship>{{Cite web|title=Український МБАК рашисти перекинули до Севастополя - Мілітарний|url=https://mil.in.ua/uk/news/ukrayinskyj-mbak-rashysty-perekynuly-do-sevastopolya/|website=mil.in.ua|accessdate=2023-07-04}}</ref><ref name=az/><ref name=capship/><ref name=az/><ref name=capship/> ''Lubny'' sank.<ref>{{Cite web|title=У Маріуполі показали пошкоджений МБАК "Лубни" - Мілітарний|url=https://mil.in.ua/uk/news/u-mariupoli-pokazaly-poshkodzhenyj-mbak-lubny/|website=mil.in.ua|accessdate=2023-07-04}}</ref> * [[File:28-й дивізіон допоміжних суден.png|22px]] [[28th Naval Auxiliary Division (Ukraine)|28th Auxiliary Division]] ** ''Pochayiv'' <ref>{{Cite web|title=Неїжпапа натякнув, коли ВМС України отримали "Нептун" для стрільби по рашистам Defense Express|url=https://defence-ua.com/army_and_war/nejizhpapa_natjaknuv_koli_vms_ukrajini_otrimali_neptun_dlja_strilbi_po_rashistam-8647.html|website=defence-ua.com|accessdate=2022-08-22|language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Неїжпапа розповів про бій фрегата ЧФ РФ ''Адмірал Макаров'' із українським катером: окупантам довелося тікати|url=https://war.obozrevatel.com/ukr/neizhpapa-rozpoviv-pro-bij-fregata-chf-rf-admiral-makarov-iz-ukrainskim-katerom-okupantam-dovelosya-tikati.htm|website=WAR OBOZREVATEL|date=2022-08-22|accessdate=2022-08-22|language=uk|first=Marina|last=Lisnichuk}}</ref> ** ''Balta'' <ref>{{cite web | url=https://defence-ua.com/army_and_war/jak_sudno_vmsu_balta_dopomoglo_ne_propustiti_korabli_rashistiv_do_odesi_video-7626.html | title=Як судно ВМСУ "Балта" допомогло не пропустити кораблі рашистів до Одеси (відео) &#124; Defense Express }}</ref> * [[File:29th Surface Ship Division SSI.jpeg|22px]] [[29th Naval Surface Ships Division (Ukraine)|29th Surface Ships Division]]; The [[amphibious warfare ship]] ''Yuri Olefirenko'' ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Yuri_Olefirenko_(ship,_1971) picture]) is not under Ukrainian control (as of 2024), but Russia says that it was captured, and later sunk; The ''Henichesk'' sank.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 May 2023 |work=Reuters |title=Russia says it destroys Ukraine's 'last warship' |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-says-it-destroys-ukraines-last-warship-2023-05-31/ |access-date=31 May 2023 |archive-date=31 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531194735/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-says-it-destroys-ukraines-last-warship-2023-05-31/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://defence-ua.com/news/stalo_vidomo_jaki_korabli_vtratili_vmsu_pid_chas_bojiv_proti_rashistiv_u_chornomu_mori-8692.html | title = Стало відомо, які кораблі втратили ВМСУ під час боїв проти рашистів у Чорному морі | publisher = Defense Express | date = 2022-08-26 }}</ref><ref>[https://www.president.gov.ua/news/volodimir-zelenskij-vruchiv-visoki-derzhavni-nagorodi-lyudya-77281 Володимир Зеленський вручив високі державні нагороди людям, завдяки яким Україна зберігає свою незалежність]</ref><ref>[https://twitter.com/TarasChmut/status/1562888611707506688 Раз на сайті Офісу Президента про то написали, то можна не приховувати]</ref> * [[File:30th Surface Ship Division SSI.jpg|22px]] [[30th Naval Surface Ships Division (Ukraine)|30th Surface Ships Division]]. These (boats or ships) were lost: the [[frigate]] ''Hetman Sahaidachny'' ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hetman_Sahaidachnyi_(ship,_1992) picture]; It capsized).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Фрегат "Гетьман Сагайдачний" затопили, щоб не дістався ворогу|url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-ato/3419787-fregat-getman-sagajdacnij-zatopili-sob-ne-distavsa-vorogu.html|website=www.ukrinform.ua|date=4 March 2022 |accessdate=2022-05-27|language=uk|archive-date=27 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527100456/https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-ato/3419787-fregat-getman-sagajdacnij-zatopili-sob-ne-distavsa-vorogu.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Фрегат "Гетьман Сагайдачний" вирішено затопити, щоб не дістався РФ – Резніков|url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news-sagaydachnyi-zatoplennia-fregat/31735635.html|website=Радіо Свобода|date=4 March 2022 |accessdate=2022-03-04|language=uk|archive-date=4 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304080651/https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news-sagaydachnyi-zatoplennia-fregat/31735635.html |last1=Свобода |first1=Радіо }}</ref> The ''patrol boat'', ''Sloviansk'' ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sloviansk_(ship,_1988) picture]; It sank.)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thepage.ua/ua/politics/yak-utoplenij-saratov-vpline-na-vijskovu-obstanovku |title="Кидок лангуста": як знищений "Саратов" вплине на військову обстановку |date=26 March 2022 |accessdate=26 March 2022 |archive-date=28 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328180009/https://thepage.ua/ua/politics/yak-utoplenij-saratov-vpline-na-vijskovu-obstanovku }}</ref><ref>[https://verdictum.ligazakon.net/document/106011496 Справа N 506/358/22 Провадження N 2-о/506/14/22 Красноокнянського районного суду Одеської області]</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news-kater-slovyansk-zatopyly/31739085.html |title=На Одещині підбили і затопили патрульний катер "Слов'янськ" |newspaper=Радіо Свобода |date=6 March 2022 |accessdate=7 March 2022 |archive-date=7 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307151059/https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news-kater-slovyansk-zatopyly/31739085.html |last1=Свобода |first1=Радіо }}</ref> * [[385th Unmanned Surface Vehicles Brigade (Ukraine)|385th USV Brigade]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Маск підтвердив зрив атаки дронів на російський флот у Криму і каже про "необхідність перемир'я"|url=https://www.epravda.com.ua/news/2023/09/8/704078/|website=Економічна правда|accessdate=2024-02-11|language=uk|archivedate=2024-01-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122225900/https://www.epravda.com.ua/news/2023/09/8/704078/}}</ref> * [[File:Емблема річкової флотилії ВМС України.jpg|22px]] [[Dnieper Fleet (Ukraine)|Dnieper Fleet]] ** [[File:Емблема 26 окремого річкового дивізіону ВМС України.jpg|22px]] [[26th Naval River Ships Division (Ukraine)|26th Naval River Ships Division]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 March 2024|title=Про відзначення почесною відзнакою "За мужність та відвагу"|url=https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/1652024-50125}}</ref> <!--* Ukrainian Naval Aviation Forces*-->* [[File:10-та МАБр.png|22px]] [[10th Naval Aviation Brigade (Ukraine)|10th Naval Aviation Brigade]] <ref>{{cite web |title=Deputy commander of Ukrainian Navy killed in battle |url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3478809-deputy-commander-of-ukrainian-navy-killed-in-battle.html |date=9 May 2020 |access-date=9 May 2022 |archive-date=10 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510172801/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3478809-deputy-commander-of-ukrainian-navy-killed-in-battle.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[File:SSI of the 801st Anti-diversionary Detachment.png|22px]] [[801st Special Marine Detachment (Ukraine)|801st Underwater Special Forces]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://memory.rv.ua/tarasyuk-oleksandr-oleksijovych-29-03-1995-24-02-2022/|title=Тарасюк Олександр Олексійович (29.03.1995-24.02.2022) – Революція гідності. Війна. Рівненщина|last=Раїса|first=Щербан|date=2023-06-04|language=uk|access-date=2024-04-28}}</ref> * [[1st Air Force Combined Rifles Brigade (Ukraine)|1st Air Force Combined Rifles Brigade]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Повітряні Сили відправили у бій зведену стрілецьку бригаду|url=https://www.ukrmilitary.com/2023/06/dyka-kachka-brigade.html|date=2023-06-27|accessdate=2023-11-30}}</ref> part of ''Ukrainian Air Forces'' * [[File:Ємблема 7БТА.png|22px]] [[7th Tactical Aviation Brigade (Ukraine)|7th Tactical Aviation Brigade]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Рагуцька |first=Лілія |date=2022-05-23 |title=У Вінниці попрощалися з льотчиками, які віддали життя за Україну: на їхню честь у небо піднялися винищувачі |url=https://war.obozrevatel.com/ukr/u-vinnitsi-poproschalisya-z-lotchikami-yaki-viddali-zhittya-za-ukrainu-na-ihnyu-chest-u-nebo-pidnyalisya-vinischuvachi.htm |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=WAR OBOZREVATEL |language=uk}}</ref> * [[File:15 БрТрА.png|20px]] [[15th Transport Aviation Brigade (Ukraine)|15th Transport Aviation Brigade]]<ref>[https://obcity.gov.ua/2022/02/24/klochkov-oleg-mikolayovich/ Клочков Олег Миколайович]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240702104632/https://obcity.gov.ua/2022/02/24/klochkov-oleg-mikolayovich/ |date=02 July 2024}}</ref> * [[File:25BrTA2022.jpg|20px]] [[25th Transport Aviation Brigade (Ukraine)|25th Transport Aviation Brigade]]<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/05/23/a-ukrainian-city-under-a-violent-new-regime|author=Joshua Yaffa|access-date=2024-03-12|date=2022-05-16|title=A Ukrainian City Under a Violent New Regime|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]}}</ref> * [[File:39-та бригада тактичної авіації.png|22px]] [[39th Tactical Aviation Brigade (Ukraine)|39th Tactical Aviation Brigade]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.president.gov.ua/news/zlo-ozbroyene-raketami-bombami-j-artileriyeyu-treba-zupiniti-73257|title=Зло, озброєне ракетами, бомбами й артилерією, треба зупинити негайно – звернення Президента України|date=28 February 2022|website=Office of the President of Ukraine|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301114726/https://www.president.gov.ua/news/zlo-ozbroyene-raketami-bombami-j-artileriyeyu-treba-zupiniti-73257|archivedate=1 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Зеленський нагородив званням Героя України 12 українських воїнів. Шістьох героїв – посмертно — Forbes.ua|url=https://forbes.ua/news/zelenskiy-prisvoiv-zvannya-geroya-ukraini-12-ukrainskim-voinam-shistom-geroyam-posmertno-01032022-4014|website=forbes.ua|date=1 March 2022|accessdate=2022-11-14|language=uk|last=Eagle|first=І.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301060234/https://forbes.ua/news/zelenskiy-prisvoiv-zvannya-geroya-ukraini-12-ukrainskim-voinam-shistom-geroyam-posmertno-01032022-4014|archivedate=1 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.unn.com.ua/uk/news/1965906-v-ozernomu-na-zhitomirschini-pokhovali-viyskovosluzhbovtsiv |title=В Озерному на Житомирщині поховали військовослужбовців |accessdate=25 April 2022 |archive-date=9 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309043637/https://www.unn.com.ua/uk/news/1965906-v-ozernomu-na-zhitomirschini-pokhovali-viyskovosluzhbovtsiv }}</ref> * [[40th Tactical Aviation Brigade]] <ref>{{Cite news|title=Васильків – під контролем українських військових, бої закінчуються – влада|newspaper=Радіо Свобода |date=26 February 2022 |url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news-vasylkiv-boyi/31724428.html|access-date=26 February 2022|publisher=Radio Svoboda|language=uk|archive-date=26 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226115153/https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news-vasylkiv-boyi/31724428.html|url-status=live|last1=Свобода |first1=Радіо }}</ref> * [[File:114th_Tactical_Aviation_Brigade.png|22px]] [[114th Tactical Aviation Brigade (Ukraine)|114th Tactical Aviation Brigade]]<ref name=CT>{{cite web|title=Russia-Ukraine Warning Update: Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, February 27, 2022|url=https://www.criticalthreats.org/analysis/russia-ukraine-warning-update-russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-february-27-2022|publisher=Critical Threats|date=27 February 2022|access-date=28 February 2022|archive-date=28 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228023432/https://www.criticalthreats.org/analysis/russia-ukraine-warning-update-russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-february-27-2022|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[File:204th Tactical Aviation Brigade SSI (with tab).png|22px]] [[204th Tactical Aviation Brigade (Ukraine)|204th Tactical Aviation Brigade]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Повітряні Сили вперше "відпрацювали" з МіГ-29 по дронам, і це були Shahed-136 {{!}} Defense Express|url=https://defence-ua.com/army_and_war/povitrjani_sili_vpershe_vidpratsjuvali_z_mig_29_po_dronam_i_tse_buli_same_iranski_shahed_136-9190.html|website=defence-ua.com|accessdate=2023-08-06|language=uk}}</ref> * [[File:299 aviation brigade insignia.png|22px]] [[299th Tactical Aviation Brigade]] <ref>{{cite web|title=Atak Rosji na Ukrainę [Dzień drugi]|url=https://milmag.pl/atak-rosji-na-ukraine-dzien-drugi/|publisher=Milmag|language=pl|date=25 February 2022|access-date=27 February 2022|archive-date=27 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227103621/https://milmag.pl/atak-rosji-na-ukraine-dzien-drugi/|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[File:383 ОБрБАК (повний).jpg|22px]] [[383rd Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Brigade (Ukraine)|383rd Unmanned Aircraft Brigade]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ukraine Says It Used Turkish-Made Drones to Hit Russian Targets|url=https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/russia-ukraine-latest-news-2022-02-26/card/ukraine-says-it-uses-turkish-made-drones-to-hit-russian-targets-DrigGO7vkGfDzbBuncnA|website=WSJ|accessdate=2022-02-28|language=en|archive-date=28 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228141022/https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/russia-ukraine-latest-news-2022-02-26/card/ukraine-says-it-uses-turkish-made-drones-to-hit-russian-targets-DrigGO7vkGfDzbBuncnA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Залужний показав, як Байрактар на Херсонщині знищує колону окупантів|url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-ato/3414526-zaluznij-pokazav-ak-bajraktar-na-hersonsini-znisue-kolonu-okupantiv.html|website=www.ukrinform.ua|date=27 February 2022 |accessdate=2022-02-28|language=uk|archive-date=28 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228114924/https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-ato/3414526-zaluznij-pokazav-ak-bajraktar-na-hersonsini-znisue-kolonu-okupantiv.html}}</ref> * [[File:Нарукавний знак 456 Бригади транспортної авіації.png|22px]] [[456th Transport Aviation Brigade]]<ref>[https://armyinform.com.ua/2022/10/10/odnym-iz-pershyh-u-povitryanyh-sylah-vyletiv-na-bojove-zavdannya-zi-znyshhennya-rosijskyh-zagarbnykiv/ Одним із перших у Повітряних Силах вилетів на бойове завдання зі знищення російських загарбників]</ref> * [[File:831-а бригада тактичної авіації.png|22px]] [[831st Tactical Aviation Brigade]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/4962024-51589|title=УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА УКРАЇНИ №496/2024 Про присвоєння почесного найменування 831 бригаді тактичної авіації Повітряних Сил Збройних Сил України}}</ref> * Ukrainian Anti-Aircraft Defense Rocket Forces ** [[File:96th Anti-Aircraft Brigade emblem 2022 01.png|22px]] [[96th Anti-aircraft Missile Brigade (Ukraine)|96th Anti-aircraft Missile Brigade]]<ref name="minu">{{cite web|url=https://www.mil.gov.ua/en/news/2022/09/13/we-still-need-to-strengthen-our-cooperation-with-partners-to-overcome-russian-terror-%E2%80%93-address-by-the-president-of-ukraine/|title=We still need to strengthen our cooperation with partners to overcome Russian terror – address by the President of Ukraine|date=12 September 2022|access-date=26 October 2022}}</ref> ** [[File:138-а зенітна ракетна бригада.png|22px]] [[138th Anti-aircraft Missile Brigade (Ukraine)|138th Anti-aircraft Missile Brigade]]<ref name="minu" /> ** [[160th Anti-Aircraft Missile Brigade (Ukraine)|160th Anti-Aircraft Missile Brigade]] <ref>{{cite web |url=https://ukrainetoday.org/2022/09/25/armed-forces-of-ukraine-took-revenge-on-the-russian-su-25-and-the-mi-8-helicopter-which-flew-to-rescue-the-pilot/ |title=Armed Forces of Ukraine took revenge on the Russian SU-25 and the Mi-8 helicopter, which flew to rescue the pilot |work=Ukraine Today |date=25 September 2022 |access-date=6 October 2022 |archive-date=6 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006130947/https://ukrainetoday.org/2022/09/25/armed-forces-of-ukraine-took-revenge-on-the-russian-su-25-and-the-mi-8-helicopter-which-flew-to-rescue-the-pilot/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ** [[File:201st Anti-Aircraft Missile Brigade SSI (with tab).svg|22px]] [[201st Anti-aircraft Missile Brigade (Ukraine)|201st Anti-aircraft Missile Brigade]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 August 2023|title=Про відзначення почесною відзнакою "За мужність та відвагу"|url=https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/5052023-47857}}</ref> ** [[File:Нарукавний знак 208 зрбр.png|22px]] [[208th Anti-aircraft Missile Brigade (Ukraine)|208th Anti-aircraft Missile Brigade]]<ref name="ukgov1" /> ** [[File:11-й зенітний ракетний полк new.png|22px]] [[11th Anti-aircraft Missile Regiment (Ukraine)|11th Anti-aircraft Missile Regiment]].<ref>[https://www.president.gov.ua/news/kozhne-vikonane-povitryanimi-silami-zavdannya-ce-vryatovani-76925 Кожне виконане Повітряними силами завдання&nbsp;— це врятовані життя українців&nbsp;— Президент у День ПС ЗСУ]</ref> ** [[File:14th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment.png|22px]] [[14th Anti-aircraft Missile Regiment (Ukraine)|14th Anti-aircraft Missile Regiment]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=На Полтавщині сформований новий зенітний ракетний полк|url=https://armyinform.com.ua/2022/10/25/na-poltavshhyni-sformovanyj-novyj-zenitnyj-raketnyj-polk/|website=armyinform.com.ua|accessdate=2023-12-07|language=uk}}</ref> ** [[File:156-zrp-znak.png|22px]] [[156th Anti-aircraft Missile Regiment (Ukraine)|156th Anti-aircraft Missile Regiment]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 August 2022|title=Про відзначення почесною відзнакою "За мужність та відвагу"|url=https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/6082022-43741}}</ref> ** [[File:Емблема полку.png|22px]] [[223rd Anti-aircraft Missile Regiment (Ukraine)|223rd Anti-aircraft Missile Regiment]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://varta1.com.ua/news/bilya-sum-zaginuv-geroy-zi-lvivshchini-dmitro-yacishin_384488.html|title=Біля Сум загинув Герой зі Львівщини Дмитро Яцишин}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://suspilne.media/lviv/817231-na-lvivsini-20-serpna-poprosautsa-iz-desatma-vijskovimi/|title=На Львівщині 20 серпня попрощаються із десятьма військовими}}</ref> ** [[File:225th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment.png|22px]] [[225th Anti-aircraft Missile Regiment (Ukraine)|225th Anti-aircraft Missile Regiment]]<ref>[http://zmist.pl.ua/news/novyj-zenitno-raketnyj-polk-na-poltavshhyni-zbyv-55-rosijskyh-czilej Новий зенітно-ракетний полк на Полтавщині збив 55 російських цілей]</ref><ref>[http://www.telegraf.in.ua/kremenchug/10122831-na-rahunku-poltavskogo-zenitnogo-raketnogo-polka-2-litaka-6-gelikopteriv-bpla-ta-raketi-voroga.html Полтавський зенітний ракетний полк відзначив першу річницю з дня створення: бойовий рахунок]</ref> ** [[File:301 зенітний ракетний полк (з девізом).png|22px]] [[301st Anti-aircraft Missile Regiment (Ukraine)|301st Anti-aircraft Missile Regiment]]<ref name="ukgov1">{{cite web |url=https://www.mil.gov.ua/en/news/2023/01/02/now-everyone-involved-in-the-protection-of-the-sky-should-be-especially-attentive-presidents-address/ |title= Now everyone involved in the protection of the sky should be especially attentive - President's address |work=Ukrainian Government|date=2 January 2023|access-date=30 September 2023}}</ref> ** [[File:Нарукавний знак військової частини А1215.png|22px]] [[302nd Anti-aircraft Missile Regiment (Ukraine)|302nd Anti-aircraft Missile Regiment]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eng.mil.ru/en/special_operation/news/more.htm?id=12410963 |title=Briefing by Russian Defence Ministry spokesperson 27/02/2023|work=Russian MOD|date=27 February 2022|access-date=30 September 2023}}</ref> ** [[File:540zrpvector.svg|22px]] [[540th Anti-aircraft Missile Regiment (Ukraine)|540th Anti-aircraft Missile Regiment]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Небо над Луцьком взяли під посилений захист (відео)|url=https://konkurent.ua/publication/72595/nebo-nad-lutskom-vzyali-pid-posileniy-zahist-video/|website=konkurent|accessdate=2021-04-12|archive-date=12 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412100752/https://konkurent.ua/publication/72595/nebo-nad-lutskom-vzyali-pid-posileniy-zahist-video/}}</ref> * Ukrainian Radar Forces ** [[File:1st Radio-Technical Bde emblem 01.png|20px]] [[1st Radio Technical Brigade (Ukraine)|1st Radio Technical Brigade]]<ref>[http://bug.org.ua/news/volodymyr/vin-opynyvsya-v-epiczentri-vybuhu-brat-zagyblogo-pid-chas-obstrilu-volodymyra-sergiya-grebenyuka-726865/ «Він опинився в епіцентрі вибуху», – брат загиблого під час обстрілу Володимира Сергія Гребенюка]</ref> ** [[File:14th Radiotechnical Brigade SSI (no tab).svg|20px]] [[14th Radio Technical Brigade (Ukraine)|14th Radio Technical Brigade]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=В Подільську на Одещині прощаються з загиблими внаслідок ворожого авіаудару по військовій частині – новини Одеси|url=https://odesa.depo.ua/ukr/odesa/v-podilsku-na-odeshchini-proshchayutsya-z-zagiblimi-vnaslidok-vorozhogo-aviaudaru-po-viyskoviy-chastini-202202271429461|website=depo.ua|accessdate=2023-05-19|language=uk}}</ref> ** [[138th Radio Technical Brigade (Ukraine)|138th Radio Technical Brigade]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Битва за Київ: українська доблесть та російські прорахунки допомогли врятувати столицю |url=https://nashigroshi.org/2022/08/24/bytva-za-kyiv-iak-ukrains-ki-viys-ka-zakhystyly-ta-vriatuvaly-svoiu-stolytsiu/ |website= Nashigroshi|date=2022-08-24 |accessdate=2023-01-16|language=uk|first=|last= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Західна преса про війну в Україні: як у березні ЗСУ боронили Київ та околиці. Нові деталі від безпосередніх учасників |url=https://mind.ua/publications/20246206-zahidna-presa-pro-vijnu-v-ukrayini-yak-u-berezni-zsu-boronili-kiyiv-ta-okolici-novi-detali-vid-bezpos |website=mind.ua |date=2022-08-26 |accessdate=2023-01-23|language=uk|first=Dmitry|last=Rybakov }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Неймовірна битва за Київ. Чим ризикувала столиця на початку війни і що дозволило дивом врятувати її від захоплення — детальна реконструкція WP|url=https://nv.ua/ukr/kyiv/bitva-za-kijiv-zavdyaki-komu-i-chomu-stolicya-vistoyala-pid-chas-vtorgnennya-rf-rekonstrukciya-podiy-wp-50265462.html|website=nv.ua|accessdate=2023-02-06|language=uk}}</ref> ** [[File:164th Radiotechnical Brigade SSI (no tab).svg|20px]] [[164th Radio Technical Brigade (Ukraine)|164th Radio Technical Brigade]]<ref>[https://suspilne.media/212789-u-rezultati-napadu-okupantiv-zaginula-vijskova-iz-berdanska/ У результаті нападу окупантів загинула військова із Бердянська] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308233814/https://suspilne.media/212789-u-rezultati-napadu-okupantiv-zaginula-vijskova-iz-berdanska/ |date=8 March 2022 }}</ref><ref>[https://interfax.com.ua/news/general/801216.html П'ять захисників України загинули в перші години російської агресії&nbsp;— МВС] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319105541/https://interfax.com.ua/news/general/801216.html |date=19 March 2022 }}<br/>[https://golos.zp.ua/proisshestvija/252573/v-berdjanske-vzorvali-voennuju-chast-foto В Бердянске взорвали военную часть (ФОТО)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413153250/https://golos.zp.ua/proisshestvija/252573/v-berdjanske-vzorvali-voennuju-chast-foto |date=13 April 2022 }}</ref><ref>[http://iz.com.ua/zaporoje/chast-pvo-v-zaporozhskoy-oblasti-posle-silnogo-obstrela-ponesla-uzhe-vtoruyu-poteryu Часть ПВО в Запорожской области после сильного обстрела понесла уже вторую потерю] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308211835/http://iz.com.ua/zaporoje/chast-pvo-v-zaporozhskoy-oblasti-posle-silnogo-obstrela-ponesla-uzhe-vtoruyu-poteryu |date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> * [[File:7th Air Assault Corps.png|22px]] [[7th Air Assault Corps]] ** [[File:25 ОПДБр к.svg|22px]] [[25th Airborne Brigade (Ukraine)|25th Airborne Brigade]], fighting in the [[Pokrovsk]] sector (as of 2025's first quarter);<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/47896. Retrieved 2025-02-26</ref> <ref>{{cite web |title=Десантники з 25-ї бригади ювелірно знищили КамАЗ окупантів разом із боєприпасами. ВІДЕО |url=https://novynarnia.com/2022/05/02/desantnyky-z-25-yi-brygady/ |date=2 May 2022 |access-date=2 May 2022 |website=novynarnia.com }}</ref> ** [[File:46th Airmobile Brigade.svg|22px]] [[46th Airmobile Brigade (Ukraine)|46th Airmobile Brigade]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Axe |first=David |title=Bakhmut Is 'Soaked In Blood' As Eight Of Ukraine's Best Brigades Battle 40,000 Former Russian Prisoners |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2022/12/22/bakhmut-is-soaked-in-blood-as-eight-of-ukraines-best-brigades-battle-40000-former-russian-prisoners/ |access-date=2023-02-06 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> ** [[File:71st Jaeger Brigade.svg|22px]] [[71st Jaeger Brigade (Ukraine)|71st Jaeger Brigade]], fighting in the [[Kurakhove]] sector (as of 2024's fourth quarter)<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/43310. Retrieved 2024-12-04</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bodenchuk |first=Bogdan |date=9 October 2022 |title="Ти художник — і на війні?" Франківець Василь Стефанишин про службу в ЗСУ і стереотипи |url=https://suspilne.media/247694-ti-hudoznik-i-na-vijni-frankivec-vasil-stefanisin-pro-sluzbu-v-zsu-i-stereotipi/ |access-date=26 November 2022 |website=Suspilne Media|language=uk}}</ref> ** [[File:77th Airmobile Brigade.svg|22px]] [[77th Airmobile Brigade (Ukraine)|77th Airmobile Brigade]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Segura |first=Cristian |date=2023-01-17 |title=A Red Bull and a smoke, then back to the front lines of Bakhmut |url=https://english.elpais.com/international/2023-01-17/a-red-bull-and-a-smoke-then-back-to-the-front-lines-of-bakhmut.html |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=EL PAÍS English |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Paratroopers decimate Russian unit in one of important directions |url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3678459-paratroopers-decimate-russian-unit-in-one-of-important-directions.html |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=www.ukrinform.net |date=5 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref> ** [[File:78th Air Assault Regiment SSI.svg|22px]] [[78th Airborne Assault Regiment (Ukraine)|78th Airborne Assault Regiment]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://war.obozrevatel.com/ukr/vityaguvala-poranenih-na-majdani-bula-osobistoyu-stilistkoyu-zelenskogo-na-fronti-zaginula-krimchanka-shura-ryazantseva.htm|title=Витягувала поранених на Майдані, була особистою стилісткою Зеленського: на фронті загинула кримчанка Шура Рязанцева|last=Timchenko|first=Oleg|date=2024-06-12|work=Oboz.UA|access-date=2024-06-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-ato/3873819-pomerla-vijskova-sura-razanceva-z-pozitivnim-alta.html|title=Померла військова Шура Рязанцева із позивним "Ялта"|date=2024-06-11|publisher=UkrInform|access-date=2024-06-29}}</ref> ** [[File:79 ОДШБр к.svg|22px]] [[79th Air Assault Brigade (Ukraine)|79th Air Assault Brigade]] <ref>{{cite news |title=As result of morning shelling of Mykolaiv, eight servicemen killed, eight missing – local authorities |url=https://interfax.com.ua/news/general/809109.html |access-date=9 March 2022 |work=interfax-Ukraine |date=7 March 2022 |archive-date=9 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309031140/https://interfax.com.ua/news/general/809109.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ** [[File:80 ОДШБр к.svg|22px]] [[80th Air Assault Brigade (Ukraine)|80th Air Assault Brigade]] <ref name="Voznesensk">{{cite news |last1=Trofimov |first1=Yaroslav |date=16 March 2022 |title=A Ukrainian Town Deals Russia One of the War's Most Decisive Routs |website=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/ukraine-russia-voznesensk-town-battle-11647444734 |access-date=16 March 2022 |archive-date=24 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324034324/https://www.wsj.com/articles/ukraine-russia-voznesensk-town-battle-11647444734 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NV225"/> ** [[File:81 ОАеМБр к.svg|22px]] [[81st Airmobile Brigade (Ukraine)|81st Airmobile Brigade]] <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220501-exhausted-ukrainian-soldiers-return-from-eastern-front|title=Exhausted Ukrainian soldiers return from eastern front|date=1 May 2022|website=France 24|access-date=2 May 2022|archive-date=1 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501173943/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220501-exhausted-ukrainian-soldiers-return-from-eastern-front|url-status=live}}</ref> *** [[File:5th btg.png|22px]] [[5th Battalion Tactical Group (Ukraine)|5th Battalion Tactical Group]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/articles/2024/03/6/7445145/|title=Оборона Бахмута, брак людей, приклад чеченців і перевага росіян в FPV-дронах. Інтерв'ю комбрига 80-тки Еміля Ішкулова|website=Українська правда|language=uk|accessdate=2024-03-09}}</ref> *** [[File:90_ОАеМБ(н).png|22px]] [[90th Airmobile Battalion (Ukraine)|90th Airmobile Battalion]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://suspilne.media/chernivtsi/221293-vijskovi-z-bukovini-aki-polagli-u-boah-vid-pocatku-povnomasstabnoi-vijni-zgaduemo-ih/|title=Військові з Буковини, які полягли у боях від початку повномасштабної війни. Згадуємо їх}}</ref> *** [[File:122 ОАеМБ.png|22px]] [[122nd Airmobile Battalion (Ukraine)|122nd Airmobile Battalion]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/3882024-51133|title=Указ президента України №388/2024}}</ref> ** [[File:82nd Air Assault Brigade.svg|22px]] [[82nd Air Assault Brigade (Ukraine)|82nd Air Assault Brigade]] <ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-08-15 |title=Ukraine's Powerful 82nd Brigade, Once Held In Reserve, Has Finally Joined The Counteroffensive|language=en |work=Forbes |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2023/08/15/ukraines-powerful-82nd-brigade-once-held-in-reserve-has-finally-joined-the-counteroffensive/?sh=18a1ea6e452c |access-date=2023-08-16}}</ref> ** [[File:95 ОДШБр к.svg|22px]] [[95th Air Assault Brigade (Ukraine)|95th Air Assault Brigade]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2022/09/ukraines-counteroffensives-in-kharkiv-and-kherson-and-the-road-ahead.php|title=Ukraine's Counteroffensives in Kharkiv and Kherson and the Road Ahead|date=16 September 2022|access-date=27 October 2022}}</ref> *** [[File:13 ОАеМБ(н).png|22px]] [[13th Airmobile Battalion (Ukraine)|13th Airmobile Battalion]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://suspilne.media/vinnytsia/678802-24-misaci-vijni-zagibli-geroi-vinniccini/|title=Суспільне}}</ref> ** [[File:148 ОГСАДн к.svg|22px]] [[148th Air Assault Artillery Brigade (Ukraine)|148th Air Assault Artillery Brigade]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dshv.mil.gov.ua/artylerysty-dshv-efektyvno-znyshhuyut-vijskovi-obyekty-ta-osobovyj-sklad-okupantiv/|title=Артилеристи ДШВ ефективно знищують військові об'єкти та особовий склад окупантів|date=4 September 2023|website=Десантно-штурмові війська}}</ref> ** [[File:132 ОРБ к.svg|22px]] [[132nd Air Assault Reconnaissance Battalion (Ukraine)|132nd Air Assault Reconnaissance Battalion]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://city-adm.lviv.ua/news/society/public-sector/303336-zavtra-u-lvovi-poproshchaiutsia-z-troma-zakhysnykamy-ukrainy-3|title=Завтра у Львові попрощаються з трьома захисниками України}}</ref> * Ukrainian Special Operations Forces ** 1st Special Purpose Detachment<ref name="Long War" /> ** [[File:3rd Special Purpose Regiment (Ukraine).svg|22px]] [[3rd Separate Special Purpose Regiment (Ukraine)|3rd Special Purpose Regiment]]<ref>{{cite web|title=На Донеччині знищили російську колону РСЗВ, окупанти знову обстріляли мирних жителів|url=https://nv.ua/ukr/ukraine/events/zsu-znishchili-rosiysku-kolonu-rszv-uragan-u-doneckiy-oblasti-novini-ukrajini-50252362.html|date=25 June 2022|access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref> ** [[File:8rd Special Purpose Regiment (Ukraine).png|22px]] [[8th Regiment of the Special Operations Forces]], fighting in Kursk oblast, Russia (as of 2024's fourth quarter).<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/44025. Retrieved 2024-12-17</ref> Other name, [[8th Separate Special Purpose Regiment (Ukraine)|8th Separate Special Purpose Regiment]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Бійці ССО підірвали міст під носом у цілої колони росіян (ВІДЕО)|url=https://goloskarpat.info/society/6260509141f81/|date=20 April 2022|access-date=23 August 2022|archive-date=26 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826123544/https://goloskarpat.info/society/6260509141f81/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** [[File:73 МЦСпО.png|22px]] [[73rd Naval Special Operations Center (Ukraine)|73rd Naval Special Operations Center]],<ref name=73rdMar/> fighting in Kursk oblast, Russia, as of 2024's fourth quarter; The unit is sometimes called ''73rd Marine Center''<ref name=6th73rd/> or ''73rd Naval Special Purpose Center'';<ref>{{cite web|title=Ukrainian Navy Special Forces Spearhead Daring Snake Island Mission |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2022/07/ukrainian-navy-special-forces-spearhead-daring-snake-island-mission/|date=7 July 2022|access-date=8 July 2022}}</ref> * Ukrainian Territorial Defense forces ** [[File:Нашивка 101-ої окремої бригади територіальної оборони ЗСУ (Закарпатська область).svg|22px]] [[101st Territorial Defense Brigade (Ukraine)|101st Territorial Defense Brigade]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=A mine fragment hit the radio. In the Luhansk region, a fighter miraculously escaped injury under mortar fire |url=https://suspilne.media/315978-oskolok-mini-vluciv-u-raciu-na-lugansini-boec-divom-uniknuv-poranenna-pid-minometnim-obstrilom/ |access-date=13 April 2023 |website=[[Suspilne]]}}</ref> ** [[File:Нашивка 102-ої окремої бригади територіальної оборони ЗСУ (Івано-Франківська область).svg|22px]] [[102nd Territorial Defense Brigade (Ukraine)|102nd Territorial Defense Brigade]]<ref>{{Citation |title=Воїни 102-ї бригади ТрО підсмажили ворожий БТР-82АТ вартістю близько $500 тис. |url=https://zahid.espreso.tv/vidsalyutuvav-zdetonovanim-boekoplektom-voini-102-i-brigadi-tro-pidsmazhili-vorozhiy-btr-82at-vartistyu-blizko-500-tis |access-date=2023-04-13 |language=uk}}</ref> ** [[File:Нашивка 103-ої окремої бригади територіальної оборони ЗСУ (Львівська область).svg|22px]] [[103rd Territorial Defense Brigade (Ukraine)|103rd Territorial Defense Brigade]]<ref name="103rd">{{cite news |last1=Романенко |first1=Валентина |title=Харківщина: ЗСУ посунули противника на 50 км і повернули 20 населених пунктів |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2022/09/8/7366620/ |access-date=18 September 2022 |website=[[Ukrainska Pravda]] |language=Ukrainian}}</ref> ** [[File:Нашивка 105-ої окремої бригади територіальної оборони ЗСУ (Тернопільська область).svg|22px]] [[105th Territorial Defense Brigade (Ukraine)|105th Territorial Defense Brigade]]<ref>{{Citation |title=Тернопільські тероборонівці показали, як "смажать" росіян на Сході України. Відео. Еспресо.Захід |url=https://zahid.espreso.tv/ternopilski-teroboronivtsi-pokazali-yak-smazhat-rosiyan-na-skhodi-ukraini |access-date=2023-04-13 |language=uk}}</ref> ** [[File:Нашивка 106-ої окремої бригади територіальної оборони ЗСУ (Хмельницька область).svg|22px]] [[106th Territorial Defense Brigade (Ukraine)|106th Territorial Defense Brigade]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Axe |first=David |title=Ukrainian Troops May Be Massing For Their Fourth Counteroffensive. Russian Artillery Is Already Trying To Stop Them. |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2022/12/12/ukrainian-troops-may-be-massing-for-their-fourth-counteroffensive-russian-artillery-is-already-trying-to-stop-them/ |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> ** [[File:Нашивка 107-ої окремої бригади територіальної оборони ЗСУ (Чернівецька область).svg|22px]] [[107th Territorial Defense Brigade (Ukraine)|107th Territorial Defense Brigade]]<ref name="Long War" /> ** [[File:Нашивка 109-ої окремої бригади територіальної оборони ЗСУ (Донецька область).svg|22px]] 109th Territorial Defense Brigade<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 8, 2023 |title=RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE CAMPAIGN ASSESSMENT, FEBRUARY 8, 2023 |url=https://understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-february-8-2023 |access-date=20 May 2023 |website=[[Institute for the Study of War]]}}</ref> ** [[File:Нашивка 112-ої окремої бригади територіальної оборони ЗСУ (місто Київ).svg|22px]] [[112th Territorial Defense Brigade (Ukraine)|112th Territorial Defense Brigade]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Created in three days, Ukraine's territorial defense ruined Russian plans to capture Kyiv|url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2022/07/15/putin-ordered-to-take-kyiv-in-three-days-so-thousands-of-ordinary-kyivans-took-up-arms/|publisher=Euromaidan press|date=15 July 2022|access-date=23 July 2022}}</ref> ** [[File:Нашивка 113-ої окремої бригади територіальної оборони ЗСУ (Харківська область).svg|22px]] 113th Territorial Defense Brigade<ref name="Long War">{{cite web |last1=Hardie |first1=John |title=Ukraine's Counteroffensives in Kharkiv and Kherson and the Road Ahead |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2022/09/ukraines-counteroffensives-in-kharkiv-and-kherson-and-the-road-ahead.php |access-date=18 September 2022 |website=FDD's Long War Journal |date=16 September 2022 |publisher=[[Foundation for Defense of Democracies]] |ref=Long War Journal}}</ref> ** [[File:114th Territorial Brigade Badge.png|22px]] [[114th Territorial Defense Brigade (Ukraine)|114th Territorial Defense Brigade]]<ref>{{cite web|title=On the road with Ukraine's territorial defense force|url=https://m.dw.com/en/on-the-road-with-ukraines-territorial-defense-force/av-61491251|publisher=DW|date=15 April 2022|access-date=23 July 2022}}</ref> ** [[File:Нашивка 115-ої окремої бригади територіальної оборони ЗСУ (Житомирська область).svg|22px]] [[115th Territorial Defense Brigade (Ukraine)|115th Territorial Defense Brigade]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Ukrainian volunteer fighters in the east feel abandoned|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/05/26/ukraine-frontline-russia-military-severodonetsk/|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=26 May 2022|access-date=27 May 2022|archive-date=28 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528073011/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/05/26/ukraine-frontline-russia-military-severodonetsk/|url-status=live}}</ref> ** [[File:Нашивка 118-ої окремої бригади територіальної оборони ЗСУ (Черкаська область).svg|22px]] [[118th Territorial Defense Brigade (Ukraine)|118th Territorial Defense Brigade]]<ref>{{cite web|title="Three hundred nationalists were killed": Russia justifies missile strike on Chasiv Yar|url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/07/11/7357500/index.amp|publisher=Pravda|date=11 July 2022|access-date=25 July 2022}}</ref> **[[123rd Territorial Defense Brigade (Ukraine)|123rd Territorial Defense Brigade]] ***[[File:БНЧБХ НГУ.png|22px]] [[48th Separate Assault Battalion named for Noman Çelebicihan|48th Separate Assault Battalion]], fighting in [[Volnovakha raion]], Donetsk (as of 2024's fourth quarter)<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/43365. Retrieved 2024-12-05</ref> ** [[File:Нашивка 126-ої окремої бригади територіальної оборони ЗСУ.svg|22px]] [[126th Territorial Defense Brigade (Ukraine)|126th Territorial Defense Brigade]]<ref name="lemonde">{{cite web |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2022/07/28/ukraine-pushes-back-in-the-kherson-region-one-village-at-a-time_5991781_4.html |title=Ukraine pushes back in Kherson region, one village at a time |work=LeMonde |date=28 July 2022 |access-date=6 October 2022 }}</ref> *** 220th Battalion<ref name="lemonde" /> ** [[File:Нашивка 127-ої окремої бригади територіальної оборони ЗСУ.svg|22px]] [[127th Territorial Defense Brigade (Ukraine)|127th Territorial Defense Brigade]] *** [[File:225ter.png|22px]] 225th Territorial Defense Batallion<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2024/08/12/7470071/ | title=Ukrainian forces dislodge Russian flag in village of Darino in Russia's Kursk Oblast – video }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://kyivindependent.com/ukraines-225th-battalion-showed-russian-flag-removal-in-kursk-oblast-village-video-alleged/ | title=Ukraine's 225th battalion showed Russian flag removal in Kursk Oblast village, video alleged | date=12 August 2024 }}</ref> ** [[File:Нашивка 129-ої окремої бригади територіальної оборони ЗСУ.svg|22px]] [[129th Territorial Defense Brigade (Ukraine)|129th Territorial Defense Brigade]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/ukraine-retakes-more-territory-in-southern-kherson-region |title=Ukraine retakes more territory in southern Kherson region |work=PBS |date=3 October 2022 |access-date=6 October 2022 }}</ref> ** 130th Territorial Defense Battalion<ref>{{cite web|title=Regular Kyivans get ready to help repel Russian attack|url=https://kyivindependent.com/national/regular-kyivans-get-ready-to-help-repel-russian-attack/|publisher=The Kyiv Independent|date=21 February 2022|access-date=27 February 2022|archive-date=25 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225225615/https://kyivindependent.com/national/regular-kyivans-get-ready-to-help-repel-russian-attack/|url-status=live}}</ref> ** 227th Territorial Defense Battalion<ref>{{cite web | url=https://interfax.com.ua/news/general/832455.html | title=Defenders of Kharkiv region reach state border of Ukraine - Synehubov | website=Interfax-Ukraine | date=16 May 2022 | access-date=3 June 2022 | archive-date=6 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606022752/https://interfax.com.ua/news/general/832455.html | url-status=live }}</ref> ** [[File:Нашивка 241-ої окремої бригади територіальної оборони ЗСУ.svg|22px]] [[241st Territorial Defense Brigade (Ukraine)|241st Territorial Defense Brigade]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Київський батальйон ТрО вибивав росіян з-під Харкова |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-kyiv/3609368-kiivskij-bataljon-tro-vibivav-rosian-zpid-harkova.html |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=www.ukrinform.ua |date=7 November 2022 |language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=In the battles with the Russian occupiers in the Kharkiv region, 18 soldiers from Kyiv were killed |url=https://suspilne.media/256501-u-boah-z-rosijskimi-okupantami-na-harkivsini-zaginuli-18-teroboronciv-z-kieva/ |access-date=13 April 2023 |website=[[Suspilne]]}}</ref> *** [[File:252ter.png|22px]] 252nd Territorial Defense Battalion<ref>{{cite web | url=https://kyivindependent.com/ukrainian-forces-entered-another-russian-oblast-media-say/ | title=Ukrainian forces enter Belgorod Oblast as Kursk incursion continues, media say | date=10 August 2024 }}</ref><ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/08/10/ukraine-belgorod-kursk-russia-occupied-war/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref> ** . *** [[File:International Legion of Territorial Defense of Ukraine emblem.svg|22px]] [[International Legion of Territorial Defense of Ukraine]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lbc.co.uk/news/ukraine-foreign-volunteers-invasion/ |title=Liz Truss backs Brits who want to fight Russia in Ukraine's 'international legion' |date=27 February 2022 |author-last=Taylor |author-first=Will |publisher=[[LBC News]] |access-date=5 March 2022 |archive-date=27 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227093110/https://www.lbc.co.uk/news/ukraine-foreign-volunteers-invasion/ |url-status=live }}</ref> One of its units, no longer exists (since July 2023), the ''Pahonia Regiment''.<ref>{{Cite news |title="Ва Ўкраіне — назаўжды". У Кіеве назвалі імя грамадзяніна Беларусі, які загінуў пад Бахмутам. Што пра яго вядома |url=https://www.svaboda.org/a/32055612.html |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=Радыё Свабода |date=28 September 2022 |language=be|last1=Свабода |first1=Радыё }}</ref> **** [[File:Батальйон імені Джохара Дудаєва.png|22px]] [[Dzhokhar Dudayev Battalion]] <ref>{{cite news |last1=Ghaedi |first1=Monir |title=Chechen and Tatar Muslims take up arms to fight for Ukraine |url=https://www.dw.com/en/chechen-and-tatar-muslims-take-up-arms-to-fight-for-ukraine/a-61174375 |access-date=1 April 2022 |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=24 March 2022 |archive-date=1 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401002331/https://www.dw.com/en/chechen-and-tatar-muslims-take-up-arms-to-fight-for-ukraine/a-61174375 |url-status=live }}</ref> **** [[File:Obon chehen.png|22px]] [[Separate Special Purpose Battalion]]<!--(Commander Hadzji-Murad Zumso, Deputy commander Khavazhi Amaev)--><ref>{{cite web |title=Ichkerian Battalion Fighters Liberate Village Of Arkhangelske In Kherson Region |url=https://charter97.org/en/news/2022/9/1/513734/ |website=Charter97 |access-date=25 September 2022 |archive-date=3 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903181034/https://charter97.org/en/news/2022/9/1/513734/ |url-status=live }}</ref> **** [[File:Battlegroup Getica.jpg|22px]] [[Romanian Battlegroup Getica]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gava |first=Ioan-Radu |date=2024-03-19 |title=Românii din grupul de luptă "Getica" au intrat pe teritoriul Rusiei: Dormim în frig, dar simțim căldura voastră, a românilor liberi / video viral |url=https://www.dcnews.ro/romanii-din-grupul-de-lupta-getica-au-intrat-pe-teritoriul-rusiei-dormim-in-frig-dar-simtim-caldura-voastra-a-romanilor-liberi-video-viral_953015.html |access-date=2024-06-29 |website=DCNews |language=ro}}</ref> **** [[Delta Knights Unit]]<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/53392. Retrieved 2025-05-26</ref><ref>https://militaryland.net/ukraine/main-intelligence-directorate/a3449/delta-knights-group/. Retrieved 2025-05-26</ref> **** Military Unit A3449 ***** [[File:Lsrnew.svg|22px]] [[Freedom of Russia Legion]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/politik-gesellschaft/russische-soldaten-gegen-putin-im-donbass-kaempfen-in-moskau-feuer-legen-li.225863 |title=Russische Soldaten gegen Putin: im Donbass kämpfen, in Moskau Feuer legen |work=Berliner Zeitung |date=4 May 2022 |access-date=30 May 2022 }}</ref> ***** [[File:Russian Volunteer Corps logo.svg|22px]] [[Russian Volunteer Corps]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Russian Volunteer Corps attacks Bryansk Oblast again |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2023/04/6/7396782/ |access-date=2023-06-08 |website=Ukrainska Pravda |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-24 |title=Belgorod: Russian paramilitary group vows more incursions |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-65703548 |access-date=2023-06-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-04 |title=Ukrainian Raid into Russian Territory Exacerbating Shortage of Russian Military Resources |language=en |work=Russia Post |url=https://russiapost.info/politics/raid |access-date=2023-07-19}}</ref> ***** [[File:Siberia battalion coat of arms.png|22px]] [[Sibir Battalion]]<!--(Commander [[Vladislav Ammosov]])--><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-12 |title=Ukraine-based Russian armed groups claim raids into Russia |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-68541911 |access-date=2024-06-29 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ***** [[File:Karelian National Battalion Insignia.png|22px]] [[Karelian National Battalion]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2024 |title=Ukraine-backed anti-Kremlin fighters say they are still operating inside Russia |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraine-backed-anti-kremlin-fighters-say-they-are-still-operating-inside-russia-2024-03-21/ |access-date=29 June 2024 |website=Reuters}}</ref> ***** [[File:Belarusian volunteer corps logo.png|22px]] [[Belarusian Volunteer Corps]]. One of its units, no longer exists (since November 2024), the [[Terror Battalion]].<ref name="terror">{{Cite web |title=Здаецца, у Белгарадскай вобласці пабывалі беларускія добраахвотнікі {{!}} Навіны Беларусі {{!}} euroradio.fm |url=https://euroradio.fm/zdaecca-u-belgaradskay-voblasci-pabyvali-belaruskiya-dobraakhvotniki |access-date=2023-06-24 |website=euroradio.fm |date=3 June 2023 |language=be}}</ref> ***** [[File:Emblem of the Kastus Kalinovsky regiment.svg|22px]] [[Kastuś Kalinoŭski Regiment]] <ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/04/01/ukraine-belarus-fighters-russia/| title=A Belarusian battalion fights in Ukraine 'for both countries' freedom'| author=Max Bearak| date=1 April 2022| newspaper=[[Washington Post]]| access-date=1 April 2022| archive-date=1 April 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401061442/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/04/01/ukraine-belarus-fighters-russia/| url-status=live}}</ref> ***** [[File:Polvolcorp.svg|22px]] [[Polish Volunteer Corps]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-04 |title=Polscy najemnicy walczyli na terenie Rosji. "Dla naszego oddziału był to zaszczyt" |url=https://www.polsatnews.pl/wiadomosc/2023-06-04/polscy-najemnicy-walczyli-w-obwodzie-bielgorodzkim-dla-naszego-oddzialu-byl-to-zaszczyt/ |access-date=2023-06-08 |website=[[polsatnews.pl]] |language=pl}}</ref> ***** [[File:Georgia National Legion Ukr.png|22px]] [[Georgian Legion (Ukraine)|Georgian Legion]] <ref>{{cite news |title=Band of others: Ukraine's legions of foreign soldiers are on the frontline |author=Andy Blatchford |website=Politico |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2022/03/24/ukraine-legion-foreign-soldiers-00020233 |date=24 March 2022 |access-date=31 March 2022}}</ref> *** [[File:Емблема добровольчого спецпідрозділу МВС України «Крим».png|22px]] [[Krym Battalion]] <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hunder |first=Max |date=2022-06-01 |title=Ukraine's Muslim Crimea battalion yearns for lost homeland |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraines-muslim-crimea-battalion-yearns-lost-homeland-2022-06-01/ |access-date=2022-12-28}}</ref> *** [[File:НЗ УДА.svg|22px]] [[Ukrainian Volunteer Army]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Українські партизани підірвали військкомат в Херсоні, - Братчук {{!}} Еспресо |url=https://espreso.tv/ukrainski-partizani-pidirvali-viyskkomat-v-khersoni-bratchuk |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=espreso.tv |language=uk}}</ref> **** [[File:Hospitallers, DUK.png|22px]] [[Hospitallers Medical Battalion]] <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Sengupta |first=Kim |date=9 March 2022 |title=Sister act: The twins who have volunteered to work in a Kyiv medical battalion |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ukraine-kyiv-russia-twins-medical-battalion-b2031409.html |access-date=9 March 2022 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> **** [[File:Norman Brigade Insignia.png|22px]] [[Norman Brigade]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Incompetence or the realities of war? Turmoil for Canadian-led foreign battalion in Ukraine |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/turmoil-for-norman-brigade-canadian-led-foreign-battalion-in-ukraine |access-date=2022-12-29 |website=nationalpost |language=en-CA}}</ref> *** [[Resistance Committee (Ukraine)|Resistance Committee]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://truthout.org/articles/war-is-forcing-ukrainian-leftists-to-make-difficult-decisions-about-violence/|title=War Is Forcing Ukrainian Leftists to Make Difficult Decisions About Violence|first=Mike|last=Ludwig|date=5 March 2022|access-date=29 March 2023|work=[[Truthout]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://elpais.com/videos/2022-03-16/anarquistas-ucranios-toman-las-armas-contra-la-invasion-rusa.html|title=Anarquistas ucranios toman las armas contra la invasión rusa|first=Hibai|last=Aza|date=16 March 2022|access-date=29 March 2023|work=[[El País]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2022/06/09/meet-the-motley-crew-of-anarchists-and-anti-fascists-fighting-russia-in-ukraine|title=Meet the motley crew of anarchists and anti-fascists fighting Russia in Ukraine|first=Joshua|last=Askew|date=10 June 2022|access-date=7 May 2023|work=[[Euronews]]}}</ref> * Ukrainian Unmanned Systems Forces ** [[File:14 ОПБпАК.svg|22px]] [[14th Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Regiment (Ukraine)|14th UAV Regiment]]<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/08/08/ukraine-kursk-russia-occupied-war/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref> *** [[File:Nachtigall.png|22px]] 3rd Battalion "Nachtigall"<ref>{{cite web | url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/08/14/europe/russia-belgorod-emergency-ukraine-incursion-intl-hnk/index.html | title=Ukraine launches biggest drone attack on Russian airfields as incursion puts Kremlin on the back foot | date=14 August 2024 }}</ref> *[[State Border Guard Service of Ukraine]]. Its chief answers directly to the [[Ministry of Internal Affairs (Ukraine)|''internal affairs minister'']]. ** [[File:Hart Brigade.png|22px]] [[Hart Brigade|1st Hart Brigade]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukrainian border guards destroy Russian shelters in Vovchansk direction |url=https://newsukraine.rbc.ua/news/ukrainian-border-guards-destroy-russian-shelters-1723299394.html |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=RBC-Ukraine |language=en}}</ref> ** [[File:Kot_zagin_dpsu.jpg|22px]] [[Podilsk Border Detachment|2nd Podilsk Detachment]]<ref>[https://dpsu.gov.ua/en/news/38850-%20VIDEO%20-In-the-direction-of-Bakhmut-drones-of-the-border-guards-adjusted-the-artillery-of-the-Armed-Forces-of-Ukraine (VIDEO) In the direction of Bakhmut, drones of the border guards adjusted the artillery of the Armed Forces of Ukraine]</ref> ** [[File:Pomsta Brigade.png|22px]] [[Pomsta Brigade|3rd Pomsta Brigade]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Pomsta Brigade Used Ukrainian Vampire Drone To Destroy Invaders In Serebryansky Forest |url=https://charter97.org/en/news/2024/5/8/594441/ |website=[[Charter97]] |access-date=18 August 2024}}</ref> ** [[File:4 прикордонний загін (м.Харків).png|22px]] [[Kharkiv Border Detachment|4th Kharkiv Detachment]]<ref>[https://dpsu.gov.ua/en/news/41928-%20VIDEO%20-Border-guards-of-the-Kharkiv-border-guard-detachment-continue-to-liberate-Ukrainian-land-from-russion-occupants (VIDEO) Border guards of the Kharkiv border guard detachment continue to liberate Ukrainian land from Russian occupants]</ref> ** [[File:6 прикордонний Волинський загін (м.Луцьк).png|22px]] [[Lutsk Border Detachment|6th Lutsk Detachment]]<ref>[https://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/okupantu-tochno-ne-vdastsya-vidibrati-u-nas-mir-yakij-ye-pri-82577 The invader will definitely not succeed in taking away our peace, which is a natural part of the Ukrainian character - address by the President of Ukraine]</ref> ** [[File:7 прикордонний Карпатський загін (м.Львів).png|22px]] [[Lviv Border Detachment|7th Lviv Detachment]]<ref>[https://censor.net/en/video_news/3519797/prykordonnyky_polonyly_rosiyiskogo_soldata Border guards capture Russian soldier, eliminate about dozen more occupiers. VIDEO]</ref><ref>[https://nevsedoma.com.ua/en/683114-border-guards-captured-a-russian-soldier-liquidated-about-a-dozen-more-occupiers.html Border guards captured a Russian soldier, liquidated about a dozen more occupiers]</ref> ** [[File:Units Berdiansk 20210224 105547 1614156947.png|22px]] [[Berdyansk Border Detachment|8th Berdyansk Detachment]]<ref>[https://nevsedoma.com.ua/en/668059-berdyansk-border-guards-destroyed-the-murom-m-long-range-visual-surveillance-complex-for-the-invaders.html Berdyansk border guards destroyed the Murom-M long-range visual surveillance complex of the invaders]</ref> ** [[File:10 окремий загін оперативного реагування.png|22px]] [[10th Mobile Border Detachment|10th WATCH Detachment]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/3922024-51149|title=Указ президента України №392/2024}}</ref> ** [[Kramatorsk Border Detachment|11th Kramatorsk Detachment]]<ref>[https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2024/11/17/7484946/ Ukraine's border guards repel Russian assault near Vovchansk, killing 12 soldiers – video]</ref> ** [[File:15th Stalevy Kordon Brigade.png|22px]] [[Steel border brigade|15th Steel Border Brigade]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dpsu.gov.ua/ua/news/u-boyah-za-nezalezhnist-ukraini-zaginuv-prikordonnik-pidpolkovnik-andriy-frosinenko/|title=У боях за Незалежність України загинув прикордонник – підполковник Андрій Єфросиненко|website=Державна прикордонна служба України|language=en|access-date=2024-07-09}}</ref> ** [[File:Izm_zagin_dpsu.jpg|22px]] [[Izmail Border Detachment|17th Izmail Detachment]]<ref>[https://newsukraine.rbc.ua/news/attack-on-port-in-odesa-region-border-guards-1693740999.html Attack on port in Odesa region: Border guards shoot down 2 drones]</ref> ** [[File:State Border Guard Service Patches of Ukraine 24.jpg|22px]] [[Mohyliv-Podilskyi Border Detachment|24th Mohyliv-Podilskyi Detachment]]<ref>{{cite web|date=23 February 2023|title=Про присвоєння Г.Стрелкову звання Герой України|url=https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/1082023-45933}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.vin.gov.ua/news/ostanni-novyny/55573-ordenom-za-muzhnist-iii-stupenia-posmertno-nahorodyly-viiskovosluzhbovtsia-z-vinnychchyny-heorhiia-strelkova |title= Орденом "За мужність" III ступеня посмертно нагородили військовослужбовця з Вінниччини Георгія Стрелкова |date= 15 June 2023|publisher= Вінницька обласна військова адміністрація|accessdate= 3 August 2023}}</ref> ** [[File:State Border Guard Service Patches of Ukraine 22.jpg|22px]] [[Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Border Detachment|25th Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Detachment]]<ref>[https://ukranews.com/en/news/1004830-border-guards-destroy-5-shaheds-in-odesa-region Border guards destroy 5 Shaheds in Odesa Region]</ref> **[[Odessa Border Detachment|26th Odesa Detachment]]<ref>[https://ukranews.com/en/news/1004830-border-guards-destroy-5-shaheds-in-odesa-region Border guards destroy 5 Shaheds in Odesa Region]</ref> ** [[Mukachevo Border Detachment|27th Mukachevo Detachment]]<ref>[https://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/kozhna-rosijska-raketa-lishe-zakriplyuye-sho-vse-ce-maye-zav-80161 Every Russian missile only confirms that all this must end with a tribunal - address by the President of Ukraine]</ref> ** [[Chernivtsi Border Detachment|31st Chernivtsi Detachment]]<ref>[https://molbuk.ua/news/296872-zagynuly-za-nezalezhnist-na-bukovyni-poproshchautsia-iz-troma-geroiamy.html Загинули за незалежність... На Буковині попрощаються із трьома Героями]</ref> ** [[File:Херсонський прикордонний загін.png|22px]] [[Kherson Border Detachment|79th Kherson Detachment]]<ref>[https://dpsu.gov.ua/en/news/40928-VIDEO%20-Border-guards-aerial-reconnaissance-destroyed-occupants-in-Kherson-region (VIDEO) Border guards’ aerial reconnaissance destroyed occupants in Kherson region]</ref> ** [[Chop Border Detachment|94th Chop Detachment]]<ref>[https://unn.ua/en/news/first-conscripts-from-border-guard-detachment-demobilized-in-zakarpattia First conscripts from border guard detachment demobilized in Zakarpattia]</ref> ** [[File:chernihivskiy-prikordonniy-zagin.png|22px]] [[Chernihiv Border Detachment|105th Chernihiv Detachment]]<ref>[https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/04/28/7342749/ Russian troops shell Chernihiv Region border guards for the second time today]</ref> ** [[File:Sea Guard Ensign of Ukraine (dress).svg|22px]] [[Ukrainian Sea Guard]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.axios.com/2022/02/25/ukraine-snake-island-guards-killed-russia-warship|title=Ukraine Navy says Snake Island border guards still alive|first=Dave|last=Lawler|date=28 February 2022|website=Axios|access-date=6 May 2022|archive-date=8 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508053732/https://www.axios.com/2022/02/25/ukraine-snake-island-guards-killed-russia-warship|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[National Guard of Ukraine]] <!--(Commander: Brigadier General [[Oleksandr Pivnenko]]){{efn|According to the Law "On The National Guard of Ukraine" (''"Про Національну гвардію України"'') Article 6, paragraph 3: "With the enactment of a state of martial law, the National Guard of Ukraine shall be prepared to perform its assigned tasks and shall be subordinated to the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, except for the military units tasked with escorting and guarding people under arrest and those military units guarding diplomatic missions.")<ref>{{cite web |url=https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/876-18#Text |title=Про Національну гвардію України &#124; від 13.03.2014 № 876-VII |publisher=Zakon.rada.gov.ua |date= |accessdate=2022-04-16 |archive-date=14 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414012041/https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/876-18#Text |url-status=live }}</ref>}}--> ** [[Air National Guard (Ukraine)|Ukrainian Air Guard]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Россия нанесла ракетный удар по Александрии: есть погибшие и пострадавшие|url=https://zn.ua/UKRAINE/rossija-nanesla-raketnyj-udar-po-aleksandrii-est-pohibshie-i-postradavshie.html|website=Зеркало недели {{!}} Дзеркало тижня {{!}} Mirror Weekly|accessdate=2023-01-12}}</ref> ** [[File:SOC Omega NHU.png|22px]] [[Omega group|Special Operations Center Omega]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roblin |first=Sebastien |title=Ukrainian Commandos Decimate Russian Mechanized Force Using Racing Hobby Drones |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastienroblin/2022/12/29/ukrainian-commandos-decimate-russian-mechanized-force-using-racing-hobby-drones/ |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> ***[[Hostri Kartuzy]] ('Peaky Blinders'), [[strike drone]] unit<ref name=10mouPlusOne></ref> ** [[File:Tayfun shevron.png|22px]] [[Typhoon Unit (Ukraine)|Special Purpose Unit Typhoon]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.5.ua/suspilstvo/naisuchasnishi-drony-prytsilno-nyshchat-voroha-pidrozdil-taifun-pokazav-iak-hotuietsia-do-boiovoho-vyizdu-video-336171.html|title=Найсучасніші дрони прицільно нищать ворога: підрозділ "Тайфун" показав, як готується до бойового виїзду – відео|website=Channel 5|date=10 August 2024}}</ref> ** [[File:Нарукавний знак Головного управління Національної гвардії України.svg|22px]] [[National Guard Headquarters Protection & Support Battalion (Ukraine)|National Guard Headquarters Protection & Support Battalion]]<ref>[https://i-visti.com/news/11532-vyskovosluzhbovc-naconalnoyi-gvardyi-ukrayini-prodovzhuyut-zahischati-derzhavu-na-vsh-napryamkah-de-vedutsya-aktivn-boyov-dyi.html Військовослужбовці Національної гвардії України продовжують захищати державу на всіх напрямках, де ведуться активні бойові дії.]</ref> ** [[File:ОВЗНГУ.png|22px]] [[United National Guard Communications Node (Ukraine)|United Communications Node]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rivnenews.com.ua/2023/03/25/na-rivnenshchyni-vidkryly-memorialnu-doshku-zahyblomu-zakhysnyku/|title=На Рівненщині відкрили меморіальну дошку загиблому захиснику|date=25 March 2023|accessdate=24 October 2024}}</ref> ** [[File:16th Artillery Brigade NGU.png|22px]] [[16th Artillery Brigade (Ukraine)|16th Artillery Brigade]]<ref>{{cite news|title=На світлинах – спільна робота артилеристів окремої артилерійської бригади НГУ та 12-ї бригади спеціального…|url=https://malva.tv/20240814/na-svitlynax-spiljna-robota-artylerystiv-okremoji-artylerijsjkoji-bryhady-nhu-ta-12-ji-bryhady-specialjnoho/|work=malva.tv|language=uk|date=14 August 2024|access-date=15 August 2024|trans-title=The photos show the joint work of artillerymen of the separate artillery brigade of NGU and the 12th brigade of special...}}</ref> ** [[File:Шеврон 22 бригади НГУ.jpg|22px]] [[22nd Foreign Diplomatic Missions Protection Brigade (Ukraine)|22nd Foreign Diplomatic Missions Protection Brigade]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/6352023-48389|title=Указ Президента України №635/2023}}</ref><ref>[https://www.facebook.com/ngu2260 — сторінка військової частини у соціальній мережі Facebook]</ref> ** [[45th Operational Regiment (Ukraine)|45th Oleksandr Krasitskyi Regiment]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://city-adm.lviv.ua/news/society/public-sector/302952-zavtra-lviv-poproshchaietsia-z-voinamy-ruslanom-pavlyshyntsem-dmytrom-stepankovskym-yuriiem-samoilichenkom|title=Завтра Львів попрощається з воїнами Русланом Павлишинцем, Дмитром Степанковським, Юрієм Самойліченком}}</ref> ** [[File:Offensive Guard insignia.png|22px]] [[Offensive Guard (Ukraine)|Offensive Guard]] *** [[1st Azov Corps (Ukraine)|1st Azov Corps]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-04-15 |title=1st Azov Corps |url=https://militaryland.net/ukraine/national-guard/1st-azov-corps/ |access-date=2025-04-15 |website=MilitaryLand.net |language=en-US}}</ref> The corps is supposed to have 12,000 to 15,000 soldiers at the front-line, according to media.<ref name=6Corps/> **** [[File:AZOV logo.svg|22px]] [[Azov Brigade]] or ''12th Special Operations Brigade "Azov"'' ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:12th_Special_Brigade_of_National_Guard_%27Azov%27 picture]);<ref name="siteintelgroup">{{cite web|url=https://ent.siteintelgroup.com/Far-Right-/-Far-Left-Threat/white-nationalists-recruit-to-fight-for-azov-battalion-in-ukraine.html|title=White Nationalists Recruit to Fight for Azov Battalion in Ukraine &#124; Far-Right / Far-Left Threat &#124; Articles|website=ent.siteintelgroup.com|date=24 February 2022|access-date=25 February 2022|archive-date=24 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224231130/https://ent.siteintelgroup.com/Far-Right-/-Far-Left-Threat/white-nationalists-recruit-to-fight-for-azov-battalion-in-ukraine.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=dw-20220316>{{cite news |url=https://www.dw.com/en/the-azov-battalion-extremists-defending-mariupol/a-61151151 |title=The Azov Battalion: Extremists defending Mariupol |last=Goncharenko |first=Roman |newspaper=Deutsche Welle |date=16 March 2022 |access-date=19 March 2022 |archive-date=23 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323163813/https://www.dw.com/en/the-azov-battalion-extremists-defending-mariupol/a-61151151 |url-status=live }}</ref> *** [[File:Перша Президентська бригада оперативного призначення імені гетьмана Петра Дорошенка.png|22px]] [[1st Presidential Operational Brigade (Ukraine)|1st Presidential Operational Brigade]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=День пам'яті загиблих нацгвардійців під Мощуном |date=March 16, 2022 |publisher=1st Presidential Brigade |via=[[Facebook]] |url=https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=207780455267471&set=pcb.207780588600791}}</ref> **** [[File:Kulbat.png|22px]] [[1st Serhii Kulchytskyi Battalion (Ukraine)|1st Serhii Kulchytskyi Battalion]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.057.ua/news/3471966/zsu-zvilnili-liman-video|title=Захисники України з 81-ї окремої аеромобільної бригади та батальйону Нацгвардії імені Сергія Кульчицького повідомили, що звільнили місто Лиман Донецької області|language=uk|date=1 October 2022|access-date=9 October 2022|archive-date=9 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009120109/https://www.057.ua/amp/news/3471966/zsu-zvilnili-liman-video|url-status=live}}</ref> *** [[File:3br.png|22px]] [[3rd Operational Brigade (Ukraine)|3rd Spartan Brigade]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://storm.mvs.gov.ua/|title=ЧАС ПОВЕРТАТИ СВОЄ|website=storm.mvs.gov.ua|language=uk|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419060334/https://storm.mvs.gov.ua/|archivedate=2023-04-19|accessdate=2023-05-03}}</ref> *** [[File:Емблема 4 БрОП.svg|22px]] [[4th Rapid Reaction Brigade (Ukraine)|4th Rapid Reaction Brigade]]<ref name="Guard">{{cite news |title=Video shows helicopters flying toward Gomostel airfield in Ukraine |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/02/24/russia-ukraine-attack-news/#link-UMHNSQEUGZHETM37AQDV3MLYMA |newspaper=Washington Post |access-date=24 February 2022 |language=en |date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224073822/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/02/24/russia-ukraine-attack-news/#link-UMHNSQEUGZHETM37AQDV3MLYMA |url-status=live}}</ref> *** [[File:13th khartia.png|22px]] [[13th Khartiia Brigade]];<ref>{{cite web |title=National Guard soldiers hit Russian tank column in Kharkiv region |url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3894942-national-guard-soldiers-hit-russian-tank-column-in-kharkiv-region.html |website=[[Ukrinform]] |date=13 August 2024 |access-date=16 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Khartiia Brigade fought off an armor assault of the invaders in the Kharkiv region |url=https://mil.in.ua/en/news/khartiia-brigade-fought-off-an-armor-assault-of-the-invaders-in-the-kharkiv-region/ |website=mil.in.ua |access-date=16 August 2024}}</ref> As of 2025, it is being changed into a [[corps]]; It will get more soldiers; The corps is supposed to have 12,000 to 15,000 soldiers at the front-line, according to media.<ref name=6Corps/> The brigade is also known as ''13th National Guard Brigade Khartiya''.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/44112. Retrieved 2025-01-04</ref> *** [[File:Chervona kalyna brigade.png|22px]] [[14th Chervona Kalyna Brigade]]<ref>{{cite web |title=UAF reports no Russian troop withdrawal from Pokrovsk amid Kursk region operation |url=https://odessa-journal.com/public/uaf-reports-no-russian-troop-withdrawal-from-pokrovsk-amid-kursk-region-operation |website=[[Odessa Journal]] |access-date=29 August 2024}}</ref> *** [[File:Kara-Dag Brigade.png|22px]] [[15th Operational Brigade (Ukraine)|15th Kara Dag Brigade]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Axe |first=David |title=Desperate To Save Pokrovsk, The Ukrainian National Guard Has Deployed One Of Its Few Offensive Brigades |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2024/08/30/desperate-to-save-pokrovsk-the-ukrainian-national-guard-has-deployed-one-of-its-few-offensive-brigades/ |access-date=2024-08-31 |website=Forbes |language=en |archive-date=2024-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901100351/https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2024/08/30/desperate-to-save-pokrovsk-the-ukrainian-national-guard-has-deployed-one-of-its-few-offensive-brigades/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ** Public Order Protection Guards. *** [[File:I ngu 11brigade.png|22px]] [[11th Public Order Brigade (Ukraine)|11th Hrushevsky Brigade]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mahala.com.ua/viyna/pam-iati-tykh-koho-vbyla-rosiia-bonchev-yevhen/|title=Памʼяті тих, кого вбила Росія: Бончев Євген|last=Bykovska|first=Lily|date=2023-10-18|website=Mahala|language=uk|access-date=2024-08-24}}</ref> **** [[File:I ngu 18battalion.png|22px]] [[18th Public Order Battalion (Ukraine)|18th Public Order Protection Battalion]]<ref>[https://texty.org.ua/d/2023/mariupol_chronicles/ Війна. Початок. Маріуполь]</ref> *** [[File:19th Civilian Security Regiment SSI.png|22px]] [[19th Public Order Regiment (Ukraine)|19th Public Protection Regiment]]<ref>{{Cite web|title="Битва за Миколаїв" {{!}} Спецпроєкт Суспільного| website=[[YouTube]] | date=24 February 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8tYLvT5O1A0|accessdate=2023-02-25|language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Миколаївські гвардійці спільно з ЗСУ знищили російську розвідувальну групу|url=https://svidok.info/ru/evidence/62960|website=СВІДОК.info|date=2022-03-05|accessdate=2023-02-25|language=ru}}</ref> *** [[File:21brigade.png|22px]] [[21st Public Order Brigade (Ukraine)|21st Kalnyshevsky Brigade]]<ref>[https://1kr.ua/ua/news-90002.html Криворізькі Нацгвардійці взяли у полон морського піхотинця РФ]</ref> *** [[File:23rd Separate Civilian Security Brigade SSI.png|22px]] [[23rd Public Order Brigade (Ukraine)|23rd Khortytsia Brigade]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Указом Президента України звання Герой України присвоєно командиру 55 артбригади Роману Качуру|url=http://iz.com.ua/zaporoje/komandir-zaporizkoyi-brigadi-stav-geroyem-ukrayini|date=12 May 2022|access-date=13 May 2022|archive-date=13 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513080513/http://iz.com.ua/zaporoje/komandir-zaporizkoyi-brigadi-stav-geroyem-ukrayini|url-status=live}}</ref> *** [[File:25ОБрГП.png|22px]] [[25th Public Security Protection Brigade|25th Prince Askold Brigade]]<ref>[https://kpi.ua/2022-03-02 Інформування стосовно поточних подій: 02.03.2022]</ref> *** [[File:16th Civilian Security Regiment SSI.png|22px]] [[31st Public Order Brigade (Ukraine)|31st Oleksandr Radievskyi Brigade]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 February 2024|title=Про присвоєння В. Жукову звання Герой України|url= https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/1252024-49941}}</ref> ** Transport Protection Guards *** [[19th Convoy Battalion (Ukraine)|19th Convoy Battalion]]<ref>[https://suspilne.media/zaporizhzhia/678948-na-vijni-zaginuv-vijskovosluzbovec-iz-zaporizkoi-oblasti-bogdan-solanik/ На війні загинув військовослужбовець із Запорізької області Богдан Соляник]</ref> *** [[File:27 ПБр НГУ.jpg|22px]] [[27th Pechersk Brigade (Ukraine)|27th Pechersk Brigade]]<ref>[https://kolo.news/category/suspilstvo/31090 На війні загинув воїн з Решетилівської громади. 29.03.2022, 16:20] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331191230/https://kolo.news/category/suspilstvo/31090 |date=31 March 2022 }}</ref><ref>[https://poltava.to/news/65482/ Семеро військових з Полтавщини загинули у боях за Україну. 30.03.2022, 13:58]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.president.gov.ua/news/mayemo-zabezpechiti-povnij-zahist-ukrayinskogo-neba-j-budemo-78973|title=Маємо забезпечити повний захист українського неба й будемо робити все для цього – звернення Президента Володимира Зеленського}}</ref> *** [[File:34 ОБ НГУ.png|22px]] [[34th Convoy Battalion (Ukraine)|34th Convoy Battalion]]<ref>[https://m.facebook.com/NGU3014/ NGU3014]</ref> ** Combined Guard. *** [[File:2-га окрема бригада НГУ.png|22px]] [[2nd Galician Brigade (Ukraine)|2nd Galician Brigade]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://city-adm.lviv.ua/news/society/public-sector/303600-zavtra-lviv-poproshchaietsia-iz-zakhysnykamy-ostapom-smolyntsem-ta-ruslanom-dostaietskym|title=Завтра Львів попрощається із захисниками Остапом Смолинцем та Русланом Достаєцьким}}</ref> **** [[File:15ОБНГУ.png|22px]] [[15th National Guard Battalion (Ukraine)|15th Separate Battalion]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://memory.rv.ua/category/vijna-2022/page/23/|title=Війна (2022) – Сторінка 23 – Революція гідності. Війна. Рівненщина|date=2023-06-08|language=uk|access-date=2024-04-28}}</ref> *** [[5th Slovozhansk Brigade (Ukraine)|5th Slobozhansk Brigade]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=''Псковская спецура сгорела заживо'': нацгвардеец рассказал о жестких боях в Харькове|url=https://war.obozrevatel.com/pskovskaya-spetsura-sgorela-zazhivo-natsgvardeets-rasskazal-o-zhestkih-boyah-v-harkove.htm|website=WAR OBOZREVATEL|date=2022-12-08|accessdate=2022-12-25|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://suspilne.media/214245-cetvero-vijskovih-nacgvardii-zaginuli-vnaslidok-bombarduvanna-harkova/|title=Четверо військових Нацгвардії загинули внаслідок бомбардування Харкова|date=5 March 2022|publisher=Public}}</ref> *** [[17th Poltavska Brigade (Ukraine)|17th Poltavska Brigade]]<ref>[https://poltava.to/news/73949/ За останній тиждень стало відомо про загибель 32 захисників з Полтавщини]</ref> *** [[File:18-та Слов'янська бригада НГУ.png|22px]] [[18th Sloviansk Brigade (Ukraine)|18th Sloviansk Brigade]]<ref>[https://defence-ua.com/army%20and%20war/jaku%20zbroju%20vid%20zahodu%20vikoristali%20zsu%20dlja%20nastupu%20na%20harkivschini-8903.html Яку зброю від Заходу використали ЗСУ для наступу на Харківщині]</ref><ref>[https://dn.gov.ua/galleries/zahisniki-denis-nohrin-major-nacgvardiyi-ukrayini-zi-slovyanska Захисники. Денис Нохрін&nbsp;— майор Нацгвардії України зі Слов'янська]</ref><ref>[https://sed-rada.gov.ua/novini-mista/viryu-v-zsu-nacgvardiiec-denis-nohrin-otrimav-vidznaku-prezidenta-za-zaslugi-na-peredoviy-ta-organizaciyu-oboroni-pid-chas-boyiv-za-sievierodoneck_25-08-2022 #Вірю_в_ЗСУ: Нацгвардієць Денис Нохрін отримав відзнаку Президента за заслуги на передовій та організацію оборони під час боїв за Сєвєродонецьк]</ref><ref>[https://suspilne.media/520621-vdesatoh-proti-piv-sotni-okupantiv-tak-voue-staleva-pihota-intervu-zastupnika-komandira-slovanskogo-polku-ngu/ Вдесятьох проти пів сотні окупантів — так воює сталева піхота. Інтерв’ю заступника командира Слов’янського полку НГУ]</ref> **** [[File:Emblem of the Donbas Battalion.svg|22px]] [[Donbas Battalion|2nd Special Operations Donbas Battalion]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Russian war's 'Phase 2': How Ukraine troops adapt, giving little ground |date=4 May 2022 |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2022/0504/Russian-war-s-Phase-2-How-Ukraine-troops-adapt-giving-little-ground |author=Scott Peterson |work=CS Monitor |access-date=20 May 2022 |archive-date=20 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520094010/https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2022/0504/Russian-war-s-Phase-2-How-Ukraine-troops-adapt-giving-little-ground |url-status=live }}</ref> *** [[26th National Guard Battalion (Ukraine)|26th Separate Battalion]]<ref>[https://www.telegraf.in.ua/topnews/10127004-10-rokiv-na-zahisti-ukrajini-kremenchucki-nacgvardijci-vitajut-svojih-pobratimiv.html 10 років на захисті України – кременчуцькі нацгвардійці вітають своїх побратимів]</ref> *** [[27th National Guard Regiment (Ukraine)|27th Separate Regiment]]<ref>[https://mvs.gov.ua/uk/news/iak-nacgvardiyi-z-pobratimami-iz-zsu-vdalosia-utrimati-pivnicnu-forteciu-cernigiv Як Нацгвардії з побратимами із ЗСУ вдалося утримати «північну фортецю»&nbsp;— Чернігів]</ref> *** [[32nd Volyn Battalion (Ukraine)|32nd Volyn Battalion]]<ref>[https://vsn.ua/news/vidsluzhiv-u-natsgvardiyi-25-rokiv-luchanin-povernuvsya-na-sluzhbu-schob-zahischati-ukrayinu-25229 Відслужив у Нацгвардії 25 років: лучанин повернувся на службу, щоб захищати Україну]</ref> *** [[File:Емблема 34-го окремого полку НГУ.webp|22px]] [[34th Kherson Regiment (Ukraine)|34th Kherson Regiment]]<ref>[https://oops.zp.ua/pershi-vtrati-na-pologivshhini-zaginuv-nash-zahisnik-oleksij-hvostik-z-verbovogo-novini-mista-pologi/ Перші втрати на Пологівщині: загинув наш захисник Олексій Хвостик з Вербового&nbsp;— Новини міста Пологи]</ref><ref>[https://www.digest-news.in.ua/svitla-pamyat-geroyu-pologivska-gromada-vtratyla-na-vijni-zemlyaka/ Світла пам‘ять герою! Пологівська громада втратила на війні земляка]{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *** [[35th Sumysky Regiment (Ukraine)|35th Sumysky Regiment]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://atn.ua/ukraine/u-donetskij-oblasti-zahynuv-natshvardiiets-z-kharkivshchyny-452085/|title=У Донецькій області загинув нацгвардієць з Харківщини}}</ref> *** [[File:40th Danylo Nechai Regiment SSI.png|22px]] [[40th Danylo Nechai Regiment (Ukraine)|40th Danylo Nechai Regiment]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://suspilne.media/346190-taki-komandiri-sodna-ne-narodzuutsa-istoria-zagiblogo-voina-andria-soroki/ |title="Такі командири щодня не народжуються": історія загиблого воїна Андрія Сорок |author=Віталій Бондарєв |date=2022-12-26 |website=Сспільне Новини |publisher= |access-date=2023-07-09 |quote= |language= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://vinnitsa.info/article/komandyr-vid-boha-istoriya-pro-boyovyy-shlyakh-i-heroyichnu-smert-viys-kovoho-nats-hvardiyi-u-vinnytsi-andriya-soroky |title=Командир від Бога: історія про бойовий шлях і героїчну смерть вінницького нацгавардійця Андрія Сороки |author= |date=2023-03-06 |website=Вінниця.info |publisher= |access-date=2023-07-09 |quote= |language= }}</ref> **** [[File:13th NG Battalion.webp|22px]] [[13th National Guard Battalion (Ukraine)|13th Separate Battalion]]<ref>[https://vsim.ua/Podii/pidrozdilu-natsgvardiyi-z-hmelnitskogo--30-rokiv-istoriya-stvorennya-v-11778498.html Підрозділу Нацгвардії з Хмельницького — 30 років. Історія створення військової частини]</ref><ref>https://www.ukr.net/news/details/hmelnitskiy/96382726.html</ref> *** [[File:50polk-ngu-emblem(200x200).png|22px]] [[50th Vysochan Regiment (Ukraine)|50th Vysochan Regiment]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://suspilne.media/434184-na-lugansini-zaginuv-32-ricnij-vijskovij-z-prikarpatta-urij-dzus/|title=На Луганщині загинув 32-річний військовий з Прикарпаття Юрій Джус}}</ref> **** [[4th Kruk Battalion (Ukraine)|4th Kruk Battalion]]<ref>[http://bookofmemory.te.ua/chemnyj-yaroslav-petrovych-korop/ Короп Ярослав Петрович]</ref> *** [[75th Zhytomyr Battalion (Ukraine)|75th Zhytomyr Battalion]]<ref>[https://www.zhitomir.info/news_216710.html Захисникам та захисницям у Житомирі вручили грамоти, подяки, подарунки. Списки нагороджених]</ref> ** State Objects Protection Guards *** [[File:Військова частина 3022 Національної гвардії України лого.png|22px]] [[2nd State Objects Protection Regiment (Ukraine)|2nd Shostkinsky Regiment]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=На війні загинули троє військових з Шостки|url=https://suspilne.media/224722-na-sumsini-poprosalisa-z-troma-vijskovimi-aki-zaginuli-u-boah-za-ukrainu-fotoreportaz/|website=Суспільне Новини|date=2022-04-01|accessdate=2022-07-15|language=uk|first=|last=|archive-date=3 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403134526/https://suspilne.media/224722-na-sumsini-poprosalisa-z-troma-vijskovimi-aki-zaginuli-u-boah-za-ukrainu-fotoreportaz/}}</ref> *** [[4th State Objects Protection Regiment (Ukraine)|4th Pavlograd Regiment]]<ref>[https://new.xn--80aafeg3bveo.dp.ua/95241/ У Павлограді загинув захисник з Лозівської громади]</ref> ** CBRN Guards. One of its units, no longer exists (since 2023), the ''12th Operational Brigade''.<ref name="12th">{{Cite news|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61089043|title = Ukraine: The critical fight for 'heart of this war' Mariupol|work = BBC News|date = 13 April 2022|access-date = 19 April 2022|archive-date = 13 April 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220413034824/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61089043|url-status = live}}</ref> *** [[1st Nuclear Power Plant Protection Battalion (Ukraine)|1st NPP Protection Battalion]]<ref name=":0"/> *** [[File:3 ОБ ОВДО.png|22px]] [[3rd Nuclear Power Plant Protection Battalion (Ukraine)|3rd NPP Protection Battalion]]<ref name=shep>[https://shepetivka.com.ua/novyny/podii/15203-32-roky-z-dnia-stvorennia-vidznachaie-viiskova-chastyna-shcho-boronyt-khmelnytsku-aes.html 32 роки з дня створення відзначила військова частина, що боронить Хмельницьку АЕС]</ref> *** [[File:4 ОБ ОВДО.png|22px]] [[4th Nuclear Power Plant Protection Battalion (Ukraine)|4th NPP Protection Battalion]]<ref>[https://yuzhkanews.city/articles/322005/yuzhnoukrainci-shilili-golovi-viddayuchi-ostanni-pochesti-zagiblomu-voinu-antonu-zarenku Южноукраїнці схилили голови, віддаючи останні почесті загиблому воїну Антону Заренку]</ref> *** [[5th Nuclear Power Plant Protection Battalion (Ukraine)|5th NPP Protection Battalion]]<ref>[https://varash.rayon.in.ua/news/663791-pid-vorozhim-obstrilom-zaginuli-viyskovi-z-varasha Під ворожим обстрілом загинули військові з Вараша]</ref><ref>[https://volodymyrets.city/articles/333501/vtrata-gromadi-u-varashi-poproschayutsya-odrazu-iz-dvoma-zahisnikami Втрата громади: у Вараші попрощаються одразу із двома Захисниками]</ref> * [[Special Tasks Patrol Police]]<ref name="Kharkiv">{{cite web|title=У Львові виявили трьох чужинців, які фільмували через вікно військову частину|url=https://vgolos.ua/news/u-lvovi-viyavili-troh-chuzhinciv-yaki-filmuvali-cherez-vikno-viyskovu-chastinu_1415659.html|publisher=Vgolos|language=uk|date=24 February 2022|access-date=27 February 2022|archive-date=26 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226164422/https://vgolos.ua/news/u-lvovi-viyavili-troh-chuzhinciv-yaki-filmuvali-cherez-vikno-viyskovu-chastinu_1415659.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ** [[File:Зведена бригада ПСПОП Хижак.png|22px]] [[Khyzhak Brigade (Ukraine)|Khyzhak Brigade]]<ref>[https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-ato/3920841-hizaki-so-vistezuut-voroga-z-neba.html «Хижаки», що вистежують ворога з неба]</ref> ** [[File:Lyut Brigade.png|22px]] [[Liut Brigade]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Ukraine war latest: Ukraine liberates Klishchiivka in Donetsk Oblast after months of heavy fighting |url=https://kyivindependent.com/ukraine-war-latest-ukraine-liberates-klishchiivka-in-donetsk-oblast-after-months-of-heavy-fighting/ |website=Kyiv Independent |date=17 September 2023 |publisher=The Kyiv Independent |access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref> *** [[File:Safarinpu.svg|22px]] [[Safari Regiment (Ukraine)|Safari Regiment]]<ref>[https://charter97.org/en/news/2022/10/2/518167/ 'Safari' Field Work: Recent Video Of Ukrainian Special Forces Liberating Yampil]</ref> *** [[File:Shptsunami.svg|22px]] [[Tsunami Regiment (Ukraine)|Tsunami Regiment]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dp.informator.ua/uk/povernuvsya-z-za-kordonu-shchob-zahishchati-ukrajinu-na-fronti-zaginuv-boyec-shturmovogo-polku-cunami-sergiy-shabliko-z-dnipropetrovskoji-oblasti-2|title=Повернувся з-за кордону, щоб захищати Україну: на фронті загинув боєць штурмового полку "Цунамі" Сергій Шаблико з Дніпропетровської області}}</ref><ref>[https://censor.net/en/news/3478906/commander_of_tsunami_battalion_oleksandr_hostishchev_was_killed_as_result_of_russian_missile_strike Commander of "Tsunami" battalion Oleksandr Hostishchev was killed as result of Russian missile strike on Odesa]</ref> **** [[File:Шеврон штурмового батальйону Тавр.png|22px]] [[Tavr Battalion (Ukraine)|Tavr Battalion]]<ref>[https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-other_news/3876485-bijci-bataljonu-tavr-prodovzuut-oboronati-casiv-ar.html Бійці батальйону «Тавр» продовжують обороняти Часів Яр]</ref> *** [[File:Shturmoviy polk Luhgansk.png|22px]] [[Luhansk Assault Regiment|Luhansk Regiment]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Командир батальйону "Луганськ-1" Олександр Твердохліб: "Росіяни не шкодують людей, незалежно від того, де ця людина служить. Укриття будують із трупів своїх товаришів по службі" |publisher=Censor.net |access-date=April 27, 2023 |language=uk |date=February 25, 2023|url=https://censor.net/ua/resonance/3400469/komandyr_batalyionu_lugansk1_oleksandr_tverdohlib_rosiyany_ne_shkoduyut_lyudeyi_nezalejno_vid_togo_de }}</ref> *** [[File:Dnipro-1 Regiment.png|22px]] [[Dnipro-1 Regiment]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Butenko |first=Nick Paton Walsh,Victoria |date=2022-10-02 |title=CNN team visits key city of Lyman, hours after Ukraine regains control from Russian forces |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/02/europe/ukraine-lyman-visit-intl/index.html |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> **** [[Aerorozvidka|3rd Aerorozvidka Group]]<ref>{{in lang|uk}} [https://www.5.ua/suspilstvo/nalamaly-orkam-shturm-pislia-dvokh-zletiv-dron-znyshchyv-vorozhu-bmp-iak-pratsiuie-ukrainska-komanda-aerorozvidka-281202.html «Наламали оркам штурм»: після двох злетів дрон знищив ворожу БМП – як працює українська команда «Аеророзвідка»]. [[5 Kanal]]. 29.06.2022</ref> **** [[File:Рота ПСПОП Кривбас.png|22px]] [[Kryvbas Company (Ukraine)|4th Kryvbas Company]]<ref>[https://data.gov.ua/dataset/9932f9fc-2d3e-4fe0-a958-7f32c3ca1c7c/resource/1d9cf318-2b75-4515-8152-d11583e50d10/download/organizations_dnipro.xlsx. Рота поліції «Кривбас»]</ref> **** [[File:Емблема добровольчого спецпідрозділу МВС України «Крим».png|22px]] [[Krym Battalion|6th Krym Company]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hunder |first=Max |date=2022-06-01 |title=Ukraine's Muslim Crimea battalion yearns for lost homeland |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraines-muslim-crimea-battalion-yearns-lost-homeland-2022-06-01/ |access-date=2022-12-28}}</ref> *** [[File:Шеврон батальйону "Миротворець".jpg|22px]] [[Myrotvorets Battalion (Ukraine)|Myrotvorets Battalion]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kv.npu.gov.ua/news/biytsi-batalyonu-mirotvoretssuprovodzhuyut-gromadyan-pid-chas-evakuatsii |title=Бійці батальйону «Миротворець»супроводжують громадян під час евакуації |access-date=2024-11-26 |archive-date=2024-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917155922/https://kv.npu.gov.ua/news/biytsi-batalyonu-mirotvoretssuprovodzhuyut-gromadyan-pid-chas-evakuatsii |url-status=dead }}</ref> **** [[File:Батальйон «Торнадо».jpg|22px]] [[Tornado Company (Ukraine)|4th Tornado Company]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Під Бахмутом загинув "Моджахед" - білоруський доброволець та ексбоєць "Торнадо" |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/news-65153532 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404075930/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/news-65153532 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=2024-05-14 |work=BBC News Україна |language=uk}}</ref> *** [[File:Шеврон БПОП «Скіф».jpg|22px]] [[Skif Battalion (Ukraine)|Skif Battalion]]<ref>[https://suspilne.media/zaporizhzhia/639230-na-zaporizzi-bijci-specpidrozdilu-skif-dronami-znisili-tehniku-armii-rf-ta-poranili-rosijskih-vijskovih/ На Запоріжжі бійці спецпідрозділу "Скіф" дронами знищили техніку армії РФ та поранили російських військових]</ref> *** [[File:Шеврон батальйону ПСПОП Захід.png|22px]] [[Zakhid Battalion (Ukraine)|Zakhid Battalion]]<ref>[https://suspilne.media/lutsk/722957-aerorozvidniki-z-volini-pocilili-u-blindaz-z-rosijskimi-vijskovimi-na-doneccini/ Поліцейські з Волині поцілили у бліндаж з російськими військовими на Донеччині]</ref> **** [[File:Рота ПСПОП Світязь.png|22px]] [[Svityaz Company (Ukraine)|Svityaz Company]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://vl.npu.gov.ua/news/roti-svitiaz-deviat-rokiv |title=Роті «Світязь» - дев’ять років |access-date=2024-11-26 |archive-date=2024-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618193401/https://vl.npu.gov.ua/news/roti-svitiaz-deviat-rokiv |url-status=dead }}</ref> **** [[File:Рота_Богдан_Шеврон.png|22px]] [[Bohdan Company (Ukraine)|Bohdan Company]]<ref>[https://denzadnem.com.ua/ato/175274 Очільник поліції Хмельниччини розповів, як несе службу разом із колегами на лінії фронту]</ref> *** [[File:Enei Police Battalion.png|22px]] [[Enei Battalion (Ukraine)|Enei Battalion]]<ref>[https://mil.in.ua/en/news/soldiers-of-lyut-brigade-destroy-a-seized-building-in-toretsk/ Soldiers of Lyut Brigade destroy a seized building in Toretsk]</ref> **** [[File:Шеврон полку Святослав.png|22px]] [[Sviatoslav Company (Ukraine)|Sviatoslav Company]]<ref>[https://www.kremrada.gov.ua/index.php/dokumenti/rozporyadzhennya-miskogo-golovi/item/11578-2024-14-pro-pereimenuvannia-obiektiv-toponimii-kreminskoi-miskoi-terytorialnoi-hromady 2024/14. Про перейменування об’єктів топонімії Кремінської міської територіальної громади]</ref> *** [[File:Shtorm Battalion.png|22px]] [[Shtorm Battalion (Ukraine)|Shtorm Battalion]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://od.npu.gov.ua/news/my-boremosia-za-nashe-maibutnie-dovesty-spravu-do-kintsia-nash-oboviazok-komandyr-spetspidrozdilu-politsii-odeshchyny-shtorm-anatolii-budzar |title=«Ми боремося за наше майбутнє, довести справу до кінця – наш обов’язок», – командир спецпідрозділу поліції Одещини «Шторм» Анатолій Будзар |access-date=2024-11-26 |archive-date=2024-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723091044/https://od.npu.gov.ua/news/my-boremosia-za-nashe-maibutnie-dovesty-spravu-do-kintsia-nash-oboviazok-komandyr-spetspidrozdilu-politsii-odeshchyny-shtorm-anatolii-budzar |url-status=dead }}</ref> ** [[File:Полк ПСПОП "Київ".png|22px]] [[Kyiv Regiment (Ukraine)|Kyiv Regiment]]<ref>[https://zahidfront.com.ua/news/Na-Xarkivshhinu-virushila-velika-kolona-policiyi-rozsliduvati-zlochini-rosiyi-.html На Харківщину вирушила велика колона поліції розслідувати злочини росії]</ref> *** [[File:Patch of the Sich Battalion.svg|22px]] [[Sich Battalion]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Families mourn fallen defenders of Ukraine |date=2 May 2022 |url=https://kyivindependent.com/national/families-mourn-fallen-defenders-of-ukraine/ |author=Daria Shulzhenko |publisher=Kyiv Independent |access-date=20 May 2022 |archive-date=26 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526152507/https://kyivindependent.com/national/families-mourn-fallen-defenders-of-ukraine/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ** [[File:Батальйон ПСПОП "Львів".png|22px]] [[Lviv Battalion (Ukraine)|Lviv Battalion]]<ref>[https://4studio.com.ua/galereya/bijtsi-bataljonu-lviv-rozpovily-shho-pidtrymuye-yih-pid-chas-vykonannya-bojovyh-zavdan-video/ Бійці батальйону «Львів» розповіли, що підтримує їх під час виконання бойових завдань (ВІДЕО)]</ref> ** [[File:Батальйон ПСПОП Вінниця.png|22px]] [[Vinnytsia Rifle Battalion (Ukraine)|Vinnytsia Battalion]]<ref>[https://i-vin.info/news/postavili-sviy-dityachiy-blokpost-%E2%80%93-policeyskiy-z-vinnichchini-pro-skladnoschi-roboti-8746.html Разом з колегами та військовими виконували бойові завдання в Тернах, потім у Серебрянському лісі]</ref> ** [[File:Рота ПСПОП Чернігів.png|22px]] [[Chernihiv Rifle Battalion (Ukraine)|Chernihiv Battalion]]<ref>[https://cheline.com.ua/news/vijna/nazavzhdi-v-stroyu-sogodni-chernigivskomu-politsejskomu-dmitru-muzirovu-malo-vipovnitisya-29-rokiv-424702 Назавжди в строю: сьогодні чернігівському поліцейському Дмитру Музирьову мало виповнитися 29 років]</ref> ** [[File:Емблема батальйону «Тернопіль» (2).png|22px]] [[Ternopil Rifle Battalion (Ukraine)|Ternopil Battalion]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tp.npu.gov.ua/news/pislia-reabilitatsii-odrazu-do-pobratymiv-na-pole-boiu-inshykh-variantiv-ne-rozghliadaiu-boiets-bryhady-liut-volodymyr-onyskiv |title=Тернопільський поліцейський Володимир Ониськів захищає Україну від ворога з 2014 року |access-date=2024-11-26 |archive-date=2024-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828103616/https://tp.npu.gov.ua/news/pislia-reabilitatsii-odrazu-do-pobratymiv-na-pole-boiu-inshykh-variantiv-ne-rozghliadaiu-boiets-bryhady-liut-volodymyr-onyskiv |url-status=dead }}</ref> ** [[File:Рота ПСПОП "Херсон".png|22px]] [[Kherson Rifle Battalion (Ukraine)|Kherson Battalion]]<ref>[https://suspilne.media/kherson/575657-vnaslidok-obstrilu-hersona-vijskovimi-rf-zaginuv-policejskij-andrij-tarcinskij/ У Нацполіції повідомили, що під час обстрілу Херсона 19 вересня загинув старший сержант поліції Андрій Тарчинський.]</ref> ** [[File:Емблема спецбатальйону МВС України «Полтава».jpg|22px]] [[Poltava Battalion]]<ref>[https://polvisti.com.ua/aktualne/novostvorenyj-strileczkyj-bataljon-policziyi-poltavshhyny-gotuyetsya-do-vykonannya-bojovyh-zavdan/ Новостворений стрілецький батальйон поліції Полтавщини готується до виконання бойових завдань]</ref> ** [[File:Емблема УМВС України в Сумській області.jpg|22px]] [[Sumy Company (Ukraine)|Sumy Company]]<ref>[https://suspilne.media/sumy/249214-90-dzvinkiv-na-102-stosuvalis-peresuvanna-kolon-rf-sumskij-policejskij-ivan-bezmen-pro-persi-dni-vijni/ "90% дзвінків на 102 стосувались пересування колон РФ" - сумський поліцейський Іван Безмен про перші дні війни]</ref> ** [[East Company (Ukraine)|East Company]]<ref>[https://armyinform.com.ua/2024/02/25/my-pronykayemo-do-oseli-a-tam-po-televizoru-solovjov-onlajn-i-vsi-chleny-rodyny-sydyat-dyvlyatsya-cze-shou-uchasnyky-boyiv/ Сергій Богдановський, командир роти швидкого реагування «Схід» полку поліції особливого призначення ГУ НП в Харківській області]</ref> * [[File:Flag of Ukrainian National Police.svg|22px]] [[National Police of Ukraine]]<!--(Chief: Police General 2nd Rank [[Ihor Klymenko]])--><ref>{{cite web|title=National Police transferred to combat alert in Ukraine|url=https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/798297.html|publisher=Interfax Ukraine|date=14 February 2022|access-date=27 February 2022|archive-date=26 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226144156/https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/798297.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ** [[File:CORD Patch NPU.svg|22px]] [[Rapid Operational Response Unit|KORD Brigade]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Rapid Operational Response Unit destroys Russian tanks in the Kyiv region's Brovary district |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/03/6/7328963/ |website=Ukrayinska Pravda |language=en |access-date=27 May 2022 |archive-date=10 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310180916/https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/03/6/7328963/ |url-status=live }}</ref> *[[6th Special Purpose Regiment (Ukraine)|6th Special Purpose Regiment]], part of the [[Ranger Corps (Ukraine)|Ranger Corps]]. The fighting is in Kursk oblast, Russia, as of 2024's fourth quarter.<ref name=6th73rd>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/43376. Retrieved 2024-12-06</ref> ''6th Ranger Regiment'', is another name of the unit.<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/45052. Retrieved 2025-01-08</ref> {{tree list/end}} ===Russian units=== *[[810th Naval Infantry Brigade]], fighting in Kursk oblast, Russia (as of 2024's fourth quarter).<ref name=73rdMar/> *[[83rd Guards Air Assault Brigade]], were hit in Kursk oblast, by rockets being fired from [[HIMARS]] (2024's fourth quarter) *[[39th Separate Guards Motor Rifle Brigade]]<ref name=DeepLive241125>deepstatemap.live. Retrieved 2024-11-25</ref> *[[37th Separate Guards Motor Rifle Brigade]]<ref name=DeepLive241125/> *[[36th Separate Guards Motor Rifle Brigade]]<ref name=DeepLive241125/> *[[40th Naval Infantry Brigade]]<ref name=DeepLive241125/> *[[5th separate tank brigade]]<ref name=DeepLive241125/> *[[218st Tank Regiment]]<ref name=DeepLive241125/> *[[60th Separate Motorized Rifle Brigade]]<ref name=DeepLive241125/> *[[114th Motorized Rifle Regiment]]<ref name=DeepLive241125/> *[[143rd Motorized Rifle Regiment]] from the 127th MRD<ref name=DeepLive241125/> *[[1st squad BARS]]<ref name=DeepLive241125/> *[[69th Separate Motorized Rifle Brigade]]<ref name=DeepLive241125/> *[[22nd separate special purpose brigade]]<ref name=DeepLive241125/> *[[247th Guards Air Assault Regiment]]<ref name=DeepLive241125/> *[[1152nd motorized rifle regiment]]<ref name=DeepLive241125/> *[[503rd Motorized Rifle Regiment]], at [[Nesterianka]] (as of 2024's fourth quarter)<ref name=DeepLive241125/> *[[125st Regiment (DPR)]]<ref name=DeepLive241127>https://deepstatemap.live/en. Retrieved 2024-11-27</ref> *[[429th Motorized Rifle Regiment]], near [[Kamianske, Vasylivka Raion, Zaporizhzhia Oblast|Kamianske]], [[Vasylivka Raion]]<ref name=DeepLive241127/> Six brigades are being made larger (as of 2025), so that each of those will become a [[corps]].<ref name=6Corps/> <!--Under construction ]]<ref name=DeepLive241127/> *[[ --> ==Related pages== *[[Spillover of the Russian invasion of Ukraine]] *[[List of ongoing armed conflicts]] *[[Russo-Ukrainian War]] *[[Ghost of Kyiv]] *[[The Long Breakup]], a film by the filmmaker [[Katya Soldak]] about the relationship between [[Ukraine]] and [[Russia]]. *[[Vitalii Skakun]], a Ukrainian "[[Suicide Bomber]]" that helped slow Russian advances into Ukraine. Formerly a combat engineer. ==Notes== {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==Other websites== {{commonscat-inline}} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5YeX8eCLgA Part of Putin's national address pre-invasion], comments archived at [https://archive.today/20220226013443/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5YeX8eCLgA archive.today], video archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/_5YeX8eCLgA ghostarchive.org] {{2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine}} {{Russo-Ukrainian War navbox}} {{Vladimir Putin}} [[Category:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine| ]] [[Category:2020s in international relations]] [[Category:Conflicts in 2022]] [[Category:Conflicts in 2023]] [[Category:Conflicts in 2024]] [[Category:2020s in military history]] [[Category:Wars involving Russia]] [[Category:Russo-Ukrainian War]] sjjj76z6ciiwiq5a45lhtan5aziw3u2 1 909741 10368433 10325631 2025-07-02T23:03:51Z Ferien 1011873 /* 2020s controversies cat */ new section 10368433 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talkheader}} {{Controversial}} {{calm}} {{censor}} {{dyktalk|2 July|2022|entry=... that the '''[[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion of Ukraine]]''' is the largest attack between two [[Europe|European]] countries since [[World War II]]?}} {{Annual readership}} {{translated page|en|2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|version=1074058541|insertversion=|small=no}} == "Russia did say:" or "According to Russia:"--which is most simple? == Please see [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&curid=909165&diff=8077002&oldid=8076254]. (In my view, "according" is not Simple - but "Russia did say", is simple; It is arguably the simplest of the two.) [[Special:Contributions/89.8.121.228|89.8.121.228]] ([[User talk:89.8.121.228|talk]]) 13:17, 28 February 2022 (UTC) :I would go with either 'Russia said' or 'Russia has said' --<b>[[User:Creol|Creol]]</b><small>([[User_talk:Creol|talk]])</small> 22:21, 28 February 2022 (UTC) "Russia" is not a person. Quotes should be accurately attributed. [[User:Macdonald-ross|Macdonald-ross]] ([[User talk:Macdonald-ross|talk]]) 13:09, 4 March 2022 (UTC) :And Jimbo Wales has said that it is okay to say things in a simple way, if one can. (I don't have a source.)--"''Russia's view is that'' " bla-bla; That is my suggestion. (The post at "22:21", is ''fine with me''. Disclaimer: I have never worked as a High School teacher of English.--High school students should not be writing 'Russia said' or 'Russia has said'. For sure! [[Special:Contributions/89.8.90.226|89.8.90.226]] ([[User talk:89.8.90.226|talk]]) 14:24, 4 March 2022 (UTC) ::From post "14:24, 4", I want to continue: "'''Russian authorities say''' ...". That is okay English (for high school students also), in my view. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.132.27|89.8.132.27]] ([[User talk:89.8.132.27|talk]]) 16:00, 4 March 2022 (UTC) == "[[Acc.]]" == "[[acc.]]" is (arguably) not simple.--It might look like the word "[[account]]/ [[bank account]]". [[Special:Contributions/89.8.175.174|89.8.175.174]] ([[User talk:89.8.175.174|talk]]) 22:19, 2 March 2022 (UTC) :Then add it. Be bold. <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:darkgreen;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]</sub> 01:42, 3 March 2022 (UTC) == Sanctions == Shouldn't the sanctions have their own page? (perhaps a list?) Asking before creation since the page is of importance at the time. (perhaps a protection could do sooner or later) &#128160;[[User:Elytrian|<span style="color:#0B615E">Ely</span>]] - [[User talk:Elytrian|<span style="color:#870000">T</span><span style="color:#6d0000">alk</span>]]&#128160; 04:54, 4 March 2022 (UTC) :Maybe anyone can first start the section "Sanctions". (At some time the article will be locked, or the sanctions paragraph will be too big. [[We shall overcome]], when that time comes.) [[Special:Contributions/89.8.119.201|89.8.119.201]] ([[User talk:89.8.119.201|talk]]) 12:08, 4 March 2022 (UTC) == Use of explicit brakets == I've been noticing that 89.8 insists on making the following text visible: ["Ukraine square", or] There is no reason for these brackets and creates visible brackets. Could someone justifiably explain why there are these brackets because I apparently "have not read our Manual of Style" as our dear lord and savior 89.8 insists. Thanks, <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:darkgreen;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]</sub> 12:57, 9 March 2022 (UTC) == Sources == *Many sources are not in English. It is pointless to have sources whose content cannot be read by our readers. Sources as well as text should be in English, and in simple English at that. [[User:Macdonald-ross|Macdonald-ross]] ([[User talk:Macdonald-ross|talk]]) 07:40, 12 March 2022 (UTC) ::A general guideline is ''all countries lie in wartime''. U.K. had massive PR in wartime with censorship and control of the press and radio. Editors should not be so naive as to think "their" side speaks the truth. [[User:Macdonald-ross|Macdonald-ross]] ([[User talk:Macdonald-ross|talk]]) 07:49, 12 March 2022 (UTC) :::There is some flaws in the logic of user:Macdonald-ross: [[Russia Today]] writes in English - however there are only a limited number of people who might rate them with Encyclopedia Britannica.--About the invasion, we should have consensus about what we keep in the article, and we should have consensus about what we keep out of the article.--The wikipedia project started by Jimbo Wales, does not have a prohibition (or bias) to sources in languages which are not English.--User:Macdonald-ross seems to be correct about writing about a war as it unfolds, is problematic.--His suggested remedies do not seem to be rooted in Wikipedia guidelines.--The tag "additional citation needed" is sometimes convenient to used.--Sometimes it can be convenient to move contested text, to the article's talk page. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.136.124|89.8.136.124]] ([[User talk:89.8.136.124|talk]]) 13:48, 12 March 2022 (UTC) ::::Hello IP, it isw quite obvious that during the conflict, each side will only report its view (which is usually heavily distorted in favor of that side). After the conflict, the winner will rewrite the story, and dictate its vuews. In some cases, historians may look into the conflict much later, and perhaps add a more unbiased view. Depending on the strength of pressure groups, there may be topic bans on certain subjects. I currently do not know if we can have an unbiased view on both world wars, the vietnam war, or other conflicts of the 20th/21st century. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 07:41, 11 December 2022 (UTC) == Recruiting of foreign soldiers == I have not yet seen interesting estimates by okay sources.--It would maybe be preferable if we found an okay source that gives estimates about the non-Ukrainian component of those fighting for Ukraine, and the non-Russian component of those fighting for Russia. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.136.124|89.8.136.124]] ([[User talk:89.8.136.124|talk]]) 13:56, 12 March 2022 (UTC) :@ IP from Norway: Of course, you are right. But let me make a linguistic digression to enlighten you a bit (though I am not a native speaker). You sentence can be rephrased to be more grammatical and natural: :''It '''might''' be preferable if we found a '''good''' source (...)''. :Regards from Poland :-) [[Special:Contributions/85.193.252.19|85.193.252.19]] ([[User talk:85.193.252.19|talk]]) 13:14, 18 March 2022 (UTC) ::Could https://www.foxnews.com/world/foreign-volunteers-ukrainian-citizenship-fight-russia-govt be good? [[User:Kolva|<span style="color: darkgreen">kolva</span>]] | [[User talk:Kolva|chat?]] 13:17, 18 March 2022 (UTC) :::My scripts say that it's not a great source and is highlighting it with orange, fox is known to be a little biased. <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:darkgreen;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]</sub> 13:19, 18 March 2022 (UTC) :::how about https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/foreign-fighters-ukraine-await-weapons-chaos-war-83452681 but its reaching a little [[User:Kolva|<span style="color: darkgreen">kolva</span>]] | [[User talk:Kolva|chat?]] 13:19, 18 March 2022 (UTC) ::::This looks better. Also, the comments are hilarious. <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:darkgreen;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]</sub> 13:22, 18 March 2022 (UTC) :::::Your last word (at 13:22 today) stands in contrast to four words: Mariupol Theatre Air Strike.--One still has good faith in your edits. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.157.238|89.8.157.238]] ([[User talk:89.8.157.238|talk]]) 17:04, 18 March 2022 (UTC) ::::::Sorry? I don't understand. <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:darkgreen;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]</sub> 17:08, 18 March 2022 (UTC) ::::Thanks, user:Kolva. I have used the source, (but not because of the numbers).--I am guessing that the sources we need, are the ones which say something like: country X is one of the largest contributors of foreign soldiers or foreign [[military recruit]]s to the Ukrainian side; the numbers (from that country) already there is ...".--From my small country, I have only seen estimates of how many are ''thought'' to be ''on their way'' to Ukraine. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.157.238|89.8.157.238]] ([[User talk:89.8.157.238|talk]]) 17:44, 18 March 2022 (UTC) == Simplicity? == I am reading this and just thinking THIS IS NOT SIMPLE. Can someone more experienced (I keep hearing the name [[User:MrMeAndMrMe|MrMeAndMrMe]] so maybe you?) [Unsigned edit by [[user:JacobTheRox]].] :Please give an example of something that is "not simple, of the highest degree". [[Special:Contributions/89.8.92.4|89.8.92.4]] ([[User talk:89.8.92.4|talk]]) 19:50, 30 May 2022 (UTC) == Moved to discussion (before anyone takes the info to a new article) == *"*[[Baykar Bayraktar TB2|Bayraktar TB2]], combat unmanned aerial vehicles against Russian troops. In January prior to the invasion, the spokesperson for the air force command Lt. Col. Yuri Ignat confirmed that "Ukraine has approximately 20 Bayraktar drones".<ref>{{cite web |author1=David Axe |title=Ukraine Reportedly Has 20 TB-2 Drones. They Might Not Matter In A Wider War With Russia. |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2022/02/08/ukraines-got-20-tb-2-drones-it-might-not-matter-in-a-wider-war-with-russia/?sh=3b6c3bce353f |website=Forbes.com |accessdate=4 March 2022 |date=2022-02-08}}</ref> On February 24, the day of invasion, the [[Russian separatist forces in Donbas|People's Militia of the Luhansk People’s Republic]] claimed it shot down two TB2 drones near the city of Luhansk.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ukraine’s Turkish-made Bayraktar drones shot down – Russia |url=https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/30315-ukraines-turkish-made-bayraktar-drones-shot-down-russia|date=24 February 2022|website=Aero Time Hub}}</ref> On February 27, the Ukraine’s air force confirmed two strikes by TB2 on Russian convoys in the [[Kherson]] and [[Zhytomyr]] regions.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ukraine credits Turkish drones with eviscerating Russian tanks and armor in their first use in a major conflict |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-hypes-bayraktar-drone-as-videos-show-destroyed-russia-tanks-2022-2|date=28 February 2022 |website=Business Insider}}</ref> According to video footage released by the armed forces, TB2 drones destroyed several Russian military vehicles including surface-to-air missile systems.<ref>{{cite web|title= Ukraine’s Secret Weapon Against Russia: Turkish Drones |url= https://time.com/6153197/ukraine-russia-turkish-drones-bayraktar/?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=editorial&utm_term=world_ukraine&linkId=154639902 |date=1 March 2022 |website=Time}}</ref> The drone also reportedly destroyed two Russian fuel trains.<ref>{{cite web |title=A cheap drone is giving Ukraine’s military an edge against Russia|url=https://qz.com/2135820/the-cheap-tb2-drone-gives-ukraine-an-edge-against-russia/|date=3 March 2022|website=Quartz}}</ref><!-- The chief of Ukraine’s air force Lt. Gen. Mykola Oleshchuk called the UAV system "life-giving".--><ref>{{cite web|title=Ukraine Says It Used Turkish-Made Drones to Hit Russian Targets |url=https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/russia-ukraine-latest-news-2022-02-26/card/ukraine-says-it-uses-turkish-made-drones-to-hit-russian-targets-DrigGO7vkGfDzbBuncnA|date=27 February 2022|website=Wall Street Journal}}</ref> On March 2, Ukrainian defense minister [[Oleksii Reznikov]] announced the arrival of additional TB2 drones.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ukraine receives new batch of Bayraktar TB-2 drones from Turkey|url=https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/30352-ukraine-says-it-received-new-batch-of-bayraktars-from-turkey|date=2 March 2022|website=Aero Time Hub}}</ref>" ==Is "More Russian soldiers" (, written somewhat) out of ''clear'' context?== "More Russian soldiers came to the Donbas region of eastern Ukraine on 21 February 2022."--Comment: there is no mention of Russian '''soldiers''', before that part of the (lede, of) the article.--Maybe something is needed earlier in the article: extra information? Clarification? [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:327:8F43:6406:53C1:170F:E2AC|2001:2020:327:8F43:6406:53C1:170F:E2AC]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:327:8F43:6406:53C1:170F:E2AC|talk]]) 15:35, 4 June 2023 (UTC) ===Sources=== {{reflist}}<!-- Template:Unsigned --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:89.8.170.28|89.8.170.28]] ([[User talk:89.8.170.28#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/89.8.170.28|contribs]]) 08:40, 1 June 2022 (UTC)</small> == Attribution == Regarding edit at 21.44 today: in part the text came from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermobaric_weapon. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.146.17|89.8.146.17]] ([[User talk:89.8.146.17|talk]]) 21:49, 1 June 2022 (UTC) == Half-truth? == *"Russia supported the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic in the '''days''' before the invasion". [[Special:Contributions/89.8.146.17|89.8.146.17]] ([[User talk:89.8.146.17|talk]]) 21:53, 1 June 2022 (UTC) == Sections that (have the most hurt, or) are hurting the most? == Which three sections are strong candidates for needing much added text (or many added points)? [[Special:Contributions/46.15.84.92|46.15.84.92]] ([[User talk:46.15.84.92|talk]]) 07:12, 11 December 2022 (UTC) == Notice on privacy == Hello all, thank you for taking interest in this subject. I know that there are laws in Russia that put sanctions on people expressing certain opinions on this conflict. Likely there are similar restrictions in Ukraine. I would therefore advise anyone editing the page (or this talk page) to use their Wikipedia account. If you edit as an IP, it is easy to check where the IP is from, for pretty much anyone. If you edit as a logged-in user, this information is private, and there are restrictions on revealing it, on those who can see it (so-called Checkusers) So for your own protection, do not edit this as an IP. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 07:51, 11 December 2022 (UTC) == References 170 error == Number 170 reference is displaying an error. Can someone correct this? [[User:Adamdaley|Adamdaley]] ([[User talk:Adamdaley|talk]]) 22:28, 4 January 2023 (UTC) :{{done}} — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 22:33, 4 January 2023 (UTC) == Good enough English (or maybe not) == " said "credible reports '''that''' Russian soldiers are currently holding the staff of the Chernobyl facilities hostage."'"--I am not sure how to (tweek) or fix the sentence/period. [[Special:Contributions/46.15.3.112|46.15.3.112]] ([[User talk:46.15.3.112|talk]]) 02:50, 6 January 2023 (UTC) :{{done}} I have simplified it to be more easily understandable and fixed a grammar issue involving it. '''[[User:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#db3131";>Inferno</span><span style="color:#333acc";>Gaming46</span>]] ([[User:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#db3131";>IG</span><span style="color:#333acc";>46</span>]])''' <small> '''([[User talk:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#9319bf";>talk</span>]] / [[Special:Contributions/InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#118b94";>changes</span>]])''' </small> 03:11, 6 January 2023 (UTC) == For the IP user that's updating this article == Can you please try to avoid excessive use of brackets, ellipses, quotes, and semicolons? Instead of using semicolons, it's better to split up the sentences. [[User:Lights and freedom|Lights and freedom]] ([[User talk:Lights and freedom|talk]]) 19:21, 20 March 2023 (UTC) == The title at En-wiki is now "Russian invasion of Ukraine" == [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]]?<br>Should Simple-wiki also change its title? That would be fine by me. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:327:8F43:F9CB:320F:7113:8479|2001:2020:327:8F43:F9CB:320F:7113:8479]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:327:8F43:F9CB:320F:7113:8479|talk]]) 02:34, 4 June 2023 (UTC) :A simple move will do it. '''[[User:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#d60270";>I</span><span style="color:#cf0076";>n</span><span style="color:#c8007c";>f</span><span style="color:#c00082";>e</span><span style="color:#b70688";>r</span><span style="color:#ae0f8d";>n</span><span style="color:#a31692";>o</span><span style="color:#981d97";>G</span><span style="color:#8c229b";>a</span><span style="color:#7e279f";>m</span><span style="color:#702ca2";>i</span><span style="color:#5f30a4";>n</span><span style="color:#4c33a6";>g</span><span style="color:#3436a7";>4</span><span style="color:#0038a8";>6</span>]] ([[User:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#d60270";>I</span><span style="color:#9b4f96";>G</span><span style="color:#0038a8";>46</span>]])''' <small> '''([[User talk:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#9319bf";>talk</span>]] / [[Special:Contributions/InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#118b94";>changes</span>]])''' </small> 02:39, 4 June 2023 (UTC) == Source (for different things) == 2024, in July; drone attack at aircraft parked at [[Olenya]] (military base); Source,https://www.kyivpost.com/post/36690.--Text is under construction. [[Special:Contributions/80.67.37.2|80.67.37.2]] ([[User talk:80.67.37.2|talk]]) 11:56, 1 August 2024 (UTC) == Weapons of the F-16 airplane == The [[F-16|fighter (airplane]], not helicopter), is likely to have these weapons, <br><br> AGM-88 HARM anti-radar air-to-surface missiles<br> JDAM extended-range guided bombs<br> SDB<br> AIM-120 AMRAAM active radar missiles +<br> AIM-9X infrared (IR) missiles "as standard" anti-aircraft.<br> <br><br> Source (as of today in 2024),<br><br> https://www.kyivpost.com/post/36744<br>, and some of that will find its way into the wiki-article. [[Special:Contributions/80.67.37.2|80.67.37.2]] ([[User talk:80.67.37.2|talk]]) 10:31, 2 August 2024 (UTC) == "Use of long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia" == [[Use of long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia]].--Not in the article yet. (En-wiki has an article, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_of_long-range_weapons_by_Ukraine_in_Russia . [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:351:E9CE:CC1E:BF38:BBA2:C81|2001:2020:351:E9CE:CC1E:BF38:BBA2:C81]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:351:E9CE:CC1E:BF38:BBA2:C81|talk]]) 05:05, 19 November 2024 (UTC) == 2020s controversies cat == {{re|MrMeAndMrMe|Anatole-berthe}} pinging both parties. War by its nature is controversial - it's noted at the top of this page, and the enwiki article also is categorised in the same fashion as both a controversy and a conflict of the 2020s. We don't necessarily have to folllow enwp articles' way of doing things but I'm a bit confused by this revert. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:03, 2 July 2025 (UTC) dxz91irv0rsislih5740hobdlujwd67 10368509 10368433 2025-07-02T23:48:14Z Anatole-berthe 1562898 /* 2020s controversies cat */ Reply 10368509 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talkheader}} {{Controversial}} {{calm}} {{censor}} {{dyktalk|2 July|2022|entry=... that the '''[[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion of Ukraine]]''' is the largest attack between two [[Europe|European]] countries since [[World War II]]?}} {{Annual readership}} {{translated page|en|2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|version=1074058541|insertversion=|small=no}} == "Russia did say:" or "According to Russia:"--which is most simple? == Please see [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&curid=909165&diff=8077002&oldid=8076254]. (In my view, "according" is not Simple - but "Russia did say", is simple; It is arguably the simplest of the two.) [[Special:Contributions/89.8.121.228|89.8.121.228]] ([[User talk:89.8.121.228|talk]]) 13:17, 28 February 2022 (UTC) :I would go with either 'Russia said' or 'Russia has said' --<b>[[User:Creol|Creol]]</b><small>([[User_talk:Creol|talk]])</small> 22:21, 28 February 2022 (UTC) "Russia" is not a person. Quotes should be accurately attributed. [[User:Macdonald-ross|Macdonald-ross]] ([[User talk:Macdonald-ross|talk]]) 13:09, 4 March 2022 (UTC) :And Jimbo Wales has said that it is okay to say things in a simple way, if one can. (I don't have a source.)--"''Russia's view is that'' " bla-bla; That is my suggestion. (The post at "22:21", is ''fine with me''. Disclaimer: I have never worked as a High School teacher of English.--High school students should not be writing 'Russia said' or 'Russia has said'. For sure! [[Special:Contributions/89.8.90.226|89.8.90.226]] ([[User talk:89.8.90.226|talk]]) 14:24, 4 March 2022 (UTC) ::From post "14:24, 4", I want to continue: "'''Russian authorities say''' ...". That is okay English (for high school students also), in my view. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.132.27|89.8.132.27]] ([[User talk:89.8.132.27|talk]]) 16:00, 4 March 2022 (UTC) == "[[Acc.]]" == "[[acc.]]" is (arguably) not simple.--It might look like the word "[[account]]/ [[bank account]]". [[Special:Contributions/89.8.175.174|89.8.175.174]] ([[User talk:89.8.175.174|talk]]) 22:19, 2 March 2022 (UTC) :Then add it. Be bold. <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:darkgreen;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]</sub> 01:42, 3 March 2022 (UTC) == Sanctions == Shouldn't the sanctions have their own page? (perhaps a list?) Asking before creation since the page is of importance at the time. (perhaps a protection could do sooner or later) &#128160;[[User:Elytrian|<span style="color:#0B615E">Ely</span>]] - [[User talk:Elytrian|<span style="color:#870000">T</span><span style="color:#6d0000">alk</span>]]&#128160; 04:54, 4 March 2022 (UTC) :Maybe anyone can first start the section "Sanctions". (At some time the article will be locked, or the sanctions paragraph will be too big. [[We shall overcome]], when that time comes.) [[Special:Contributions/89.8.119.201|89.8.119.201]] ([[User talk:89.8.119.201|talk]]) 12:08, 4 March 2022 (UTC) == Use of explicit brakets == I've been noticing that 89.8 insists on making the following text visible: ["Ukraine square", or] There is no reason for these brackets and creates visible brackets. Could someone justifiably explain why there are these brackets because I apparently "have not read our Manual of Style" as our dear lord and savior 89.8 insists. Thanks, <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:darkgreen;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]</sub> 12:57, 9 March 2022 (UTC) == Sources == *Many sources are not in English. It is pointless to have sources whose content cannot be read by our readers. Sources as well as text should be in English, and in simple English at that. [[User:Macdonald-ross|Macdonald-ross]] ([[User talk:Macdonald-ross|talk]]) 07:40, 12 March 2022 (UTC) ::A general guideline is ''all countries lie in wartime''. U.K. had massive PR in wartime with censorship and control of the press and radio. Editors should not be so naive as to think "their" side speaks the truth. [[User:Macdonald-ross|Macdonald-ross]] ([[User talk:Macdonald-ross|talk]]) 07:49, 12 March 2022 (UTC) :::There is some flaws in the logic of user:Macdonald-ross: [[Russia Today]] writes in English - however there are only a limited number of people who might rate them with Encyclopedia Britannica.--About the invasion, we should have consensus about what we keep in the article, and we should have consensus about what we keep out of the article.--The wikipedia project started by Jimbo Wales, does not have a prohibition (or bias) to sources in languages which are not English.--User:Macdonald-ross seems to be correct about writing about a war as it unfolds, is problematic.--His suggested remedies do not seem to be rooted in Wikipedia guidelines.--The tag "additional citation needed" is sometimes convenient to used.--Sometimes it can be convenient to move contested text, to the article's talk page. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.136.124|89.8.136.124]] ([[User talk:89.8.136.124|talk]]) 13:48, 12 March 2022 (UTC) ::::Hello IP, it isw quite obvious that during the conflict, each side will only report its view (which is usually heavily distorted in favor of that side). After the conflict, the winner will rewrite the story, and dictate its vuews. In some cases, historians may look into the conflict much later, and perhaps add a more unbiased view. Depending on the strength of pressure groups, there may be topic bans on certain subjects. I currently do not know if we can have an unbiased view on both world wars, the vietnam war, or other conflicts of the 20th/21st century. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 07:41, 11 December 2022 (UTC) == Recruiting of foreign soldiers == I have not yet seen interesting estimates by okay sources.--It would maybe be preferable if we found an okay source that gives estimates about the non-Ukrainian component of those fighting for Ukraine, and the non-Russian component of those fighting for Russia. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.136.124|89.8.136.124]] ([[User talk:89.8.136.124|talk]]) 13:56, 12 March 2022 (UTC) :@ IP from Norway: Of course, you are right. But let me make a linguistic digression to enlighten you a bit (though I am not a native speaker). You sentence can be rephrased to be more grammatical and natural: :''It '''might''' be preferable if we found a '''good''' source (...)''. :Regards from Poland :-) [[Special:Contributions/85.193.252.19|85.193.252.19]] ([[User talk:85.193.252.19|talk]]) 13:14, 18 March 2022 (UTC) ::Could https://www.foxnews.com/world/foreign-volunteers-ukrainian-citizenship-fight-russia-govt be good? [[User:Kolva|<span style="color: darkgreen">kolva</span>]] | [[User talk:Kolva|chat?]] 13:17, 18 March 2022 (UTC) :::My scripts say that it's not a great source and is highlighting it with orange, fox is known to be a little biased. <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:darkgreen;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]</sub> 13:19, 18 March 2022 (UTC) :::how about https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/foreign-fighters-ukraine-await-weapons-chaos-war-83452681 but its reaching a little [[User:Kolva|<span style="color: darkgreen">kolva</span>]] | [[User talk:Kolva|chat?]] 13:19, 18 March 2022 (UTC) ::::This looks better. Also, the comments are hilarious. <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:darkgreen;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]</sub> 13:22, 18 March 2022 (UTC) :::::Your last word (at 13:22 today) stands in contrast to four words: Mariupol Theatre Air Strike.--One still has good faith in your edits. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.157.238|89.8.157.238]] ([[User talk:89.8.157.238|talk]]) 17:04, 18 March 2022 (UTC) ::::::Sorry? I don't understand. <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:darkgreen;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]</sub> 17:08, 18 March 2022 (UTC) ::::Thanks, user:Kolva. I have used the source, (but not because of the numbers).--I am guessing that the sources we need, are the ones which say something like: country X is one of the largest contributors of foreign soldiers or foreign [[military recruit]]s to the Ukrainian side; the numbers (from that country) already there is ...".--From my small country, I have only seen estimates of how many are ''thought'' to be ''on their way'' to Ukraine. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.157.238|89.8.157.238]] ([[User talk:89.8.157.238|talk]]) 17:44, 18 March 2022 (UTC) == Simplicity? == I am reading this and just thinking THIS IS NOT SIMPLE. Can someone more experienced (I keep hearing the name [[User:MrMeAndMrMe|MrMeAndMrMe]] so maybe you?) [Unsigned edit by [[user:JacobTheRox]].] :Please give an example of something that is "not simple, of the highest degree". [[Special:Contributions/89.8.92.4|89.8.92.4]] ([[User talk:89.8.92.4|talk]]) 19:50, 30 May 2022 (UTC) == Moved to discussion (before anyone takes the info to a new article) == *"*[[Baykar Bayraktar TB2|Bayraktar TB2]], combat unmanned aerial vehicles against Russian troops. In January prior to the invasion, the spokesperson for the air force command Lt. Col. Yuri Ignat confirmed that "Ukraine has approximately 20 Bayraktar drones".<ref>{{cite web |author1=David Axe |title=Ukraine Reportedly Has 20 TB-2 Drones. They Might Not Matter In A Wider War With Russia. |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2022/02/08/ukraines-got-20-tb-2-drones-it-might-not-matter-in-a-wider-war-with-russia/?sh=3b6c3bce353f |website=Forbes.com |accessdate=4 March 2022 |date=2022-02-08}}</ref> On February 24, the day of invasion, the [[Russian separatist forces in Donbas|People's Militia of the Luhansk People’s Republic]] claimed it shot down two TB2 drones near the city of Luhansk.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ukraine’s Turkish-made Bayraktar drones shot down – Russia |url=https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/30315-ukraines-turkish-made-bayraktar-drones-shot-down-russia|date=24 February 2022|website=Aero Time Hub}}</ref> On February 27, the Ukraine’s air force confirmed two strikes by TB2 on Russian convoys in the [[Kherson]] and [[Zhytomyr]] regions.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ukraine credits Turkish drones with eviscerating Russian tanks and armor in their first use in a major conflict |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-hypes-bayraktar-drone-as-videos-show-destroyed-russia-tanks-2022-2|date=28 February 2022 |website=Business Insider}}</ref> According to video footage released by the armed forces, TB2 drones destroyed several Russian military vehicles including surface-to-air missile systems.<ref>{{cite web|title= Ukraine’s Secret Weapon Against Russia: Turkish Drones |url= https://time.com/6153197/ukraine-russia-turkish-drones-bayraktar/?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=editorial&utm_term=world_ukraine&linkId=154639902 |date=1 March 2022 |website=Time}}</ref> The drone also reportedly destroyed two Russian fuel trains.<ref>{{cite web |title=A cheap drone is giving Ukraine’s military an edge against Russia|url=https://qz.com/2135820/the-cheap-tb2-drone-gives-ukraine-an-edge-against-russia/|date=3 March 2022|website=Quartz}}</ref><!-- The chief of Ukraine’s air force Lt. Gen. Mykola Oleshchuk called the UAV system "life-giving".--><ref>{{cite web|title=Ukraine Says It Used Turkish-Made Drones to Hit Russian Targets |url=https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/russia-ukraine-latest-news-2022-02-26/card/ukraine-says-it-uses-turkish-made-drones-to-hit-russian-targets-DrigGO7vkGfDzbBuncnA|date=27 February 2022|website=Wall Street Journal}}</ref> On March 2, Ukrainian defense minister [[Oleksii Reznikov]] announced the arrival of additional TB2 drones.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ukraine receives new batch of Bayraktar TB-2 drones from Turkey|url=https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/30352-ukraine-says-it-received-new-batch-of-bayraktars-from-turkey|date=2 March 2022|website=Aero Time Hub}}</ref>" ==Is "More Russian soldiers" (, written somewhat) out of ''clear'' context?== "More Russian soldiers came to the Donbas region of eastern Ukraine on 21 February 2022."--Comment: there is no mention of Russian '''soldiers''', before that part of the (lede, of) the article.--Maybe something is needed earlier in the article: extra information? Clarification? [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:327:8F43:6406:53C1:170F:E2AC|2001:2020:327:8F43:6406:53C1:170F:E2AC]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:327:8F43:6406:53C1:170F:E2AC|talk]]) 15:35, 4 June 2023 (UTC) ===Sources=== {{reflist}}<!-- Template:Unsigned --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:89.8.170.28|89.8.170.28]] ([[User talk:89.8.170.28#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/89.8.170.28|contribs]]) 08:40, 1 June 2022 (UTC)</small> == Attribution == Regarding edit at 21.44 today: in part the text came from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermobaric_weapon. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.146.17|89.8.146.17]] ([[User talk:89.8.146.17|talk]]) 21:49, 1 June 2022 (UTC) == Half-truth? == *"Russia supported the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic in the '''days''' before the invasion". [[Special:Contributions/89.8.146.17|89.8.146.17]] ([[User talk:89.8.146.17|talk]]) 21:53, 1 June 2022 (UTC) == Sections that (have the most hurt, or) are hurting the most? == Which three sections are strong candidates for needing much added text (or many added points)? [[Special:Contributions/46.15.84.92|46.15.84.92]] ([[User talk:46.15.84.92|talk]]) 07:12, 11 December 2022 (UTC) == Notice on privacy == Hello all, thank you for taking interest in this subject. I know that there are laws in Russia that put sanctions on people expressing certain opinions on this conflict. Likely there are similar restrictions in Ukraine. I would therefore advise anyone editing the page (or this talk page) to use their Wikipedia account. If you edit as an IP, it is easy to check where the IP is from, for pretty much anyone. If you edit as a logged-in user, this information is private, and there are restrictions on revealing it, on those who can see it (so-called Checkusers) So for your own protection, do not edit this as an IP. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 07:51, 11 December 2022 (UTC) == References 170 error == Number 170 reference is displaying an error. Can someone correct this? [[User:Adamdaley|Adamdaley]] ([[User talk:Adamdaley|talk]]) 22:28, 4 January 2023 (UTC) :{{done}} — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 22:33, 4 January 2023 (UTC) == Good enough English (or maybe not) == " said "credible reports '''that''' Russian soldiers are currently holding the staff of the Chernobyl facilities hostage."'"--I am not sure how to (tweek) or fix the sentence/period. [[Special:Contributions/46.15.3.112|46.15.3.112]] ([[User talk:46.15.3.112|talk]]) 02:50, 6 January 2023 (UTC) :{{done}} I have simplified it to be more easily understandable and fixed a grammar issue involving it. '''[[User:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#db3131";>Inferno</span><span style="color:#333acc";>Gaming46</span>]] ([[User:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#db3131";>IG</span><span style="color:#333acc";>46</span>]])''' <small> '''([[User talk:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#9319bf";>talk</span>]] / [[Special:Contributions/InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#118b94";>changes</span>]])''' </small> 03:11, 6 January 2023 (UTC) == For the IP user that's updating this article == Can you please try to avoid excessive use of brackets, ellipses, quotes, and semicolons? Instead of using semicolons, it's better to split up the sentences. [[User:Lights and freedom|Lights and freedom]] ([[User talk:Lights and freedom|talk]]) 19:21, 20 March 2023 (UTC) == The title at En-wiki is now "Russian invasion of Ukraine" == [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]]?<br>Should Simple-wiki also change its title? That would be fine by me. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:327:8F43:F9CB:320F:7113:8479|2001:2020:327:8F43:F9CB:320F:7113:8479]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:327:8F43:F9CB:320F:7113:8479|talk]]) 02:34, 4 June 2023 (UTC) :A simple move will do it. '''[[User:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#d60270";>I</span><span style="color:#cf0076";>n</span><span style="color:#c8007c";>f</span><span style="color:#c00082";>e</span><span style="color:#b70688";>r</span><span style="color:#ae0f8d";>n</span><span style="color:#a31692";>o</span><span style="color:#981d97";>G</span><span style="color:#8c229b";>a</span><span style="color:#7e279f";>m</span><span style="color:#702ca2";>i</span><span style="color:#5f30a4";>n</span><span style="color:#4c33a6";>g</span><span style="color:#3436a7";>4</span><span style="color:#0038a8";>6</span>]] ([[User:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#d60270";>I</span><span style="color:#9b4f96";>G</span><span style="color:#0038a8";>46</span>]])''' <small> '''([[User talk:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#9319bf";>talk</span>]] / [[Special:Contributions/InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#118b94";>changes</span>]])''' </small> 02:39, 4 June 2023 (UTC) == Source (for different things) == 2024, in July; drone attack at aircraft parked at [[Olenya]] (military base); Source,https://www.kyivpost.com/post/36690.--Text is under construction. [[Special:Contributions/80.67.37.2|80.67.37.2]] ([[User talk:80.67.37.2|talk]]) 11:56, 1 August 2024 (UTC) == Weapons of the F-16 airplane == The [[F-16|fighter (airplane]], not helicopter), is likely to have these weapons, <br><br> AGM-88 HARM anti-radar air-to-surface missiles<br> JDAM extended-range guided bombs<br> SDB<br> AIM-120 AMRAAM active radar missiles +<br> AIM-9X infrared (IR) missiles "as standard" anti-aircraft.<br> <br><br> Source (as of today in 2024),<br><br> https://www.kyivpost.com/post/36744<br>, and some of that will find its way into the wiki-article. [[Special:Contributions/80.67.37.2|80.67.37.2]] ([[User talk:80.67.37.2|talk]]) 10:31, 2 August 2024 (UTC) == "Use of long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia" == [[Use of long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia]].--Not in the article yet. (En-wiki has an article, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_of_long-range_weapons_by_Ukraine_in_Russia . [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:351:E9CE:CC1E:BF38:BBA2:C81|2001:2020:351:E9CE:CC1E:BF38:BBA2:C81]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:351:E9CE:CC1E:BF38:BBA2:C81|talk]]) 05:05, 19 November 2024 (UTC) == 2020s controversies cat == {{re|MrMeAndMrMe|Anatole-berthe}} pinging both parties. War by its nature is controversial - it's noted at the top of this page, and the enwiki article also is categorised in the same fashion as both a controversy and a conflict of the 2020s. We don't necessarily have to folllow enwp articles' way of doing things but I'm a bit confused by this revert. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:03, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :Thanks you for your question about the "{{Diff|Russian invasion of Ukraine|prev|10366890|changes}}" by @[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|MrMeAndMrMe]] and "{{Diff|Russian invasion of Ukraine|next|10366890|mine}}" ! <br /> <br /> :If you read the content of the category. "[https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2020s_controversies]". :I see things that are less serious than a war even if the articles in this category are about controversials topics. <br /> <br /> :Concerning the article in common English , it is categorised in "[[:en:Category:2020s controversies]]". :MrMeAndMrMe , put it in the equivalent category on '''"Wikipedia in Simple English "'''[https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2020s_controversies]". <br /> :I didn't know the existence of this category on any Wikipedia before the revert. <br /> <br /> :You said that we can read that this is a controversial topic at the top page of both articles. :Concerning '''"Wikipedia in Simple English"''' , is this ''"This article is about a current event. Information about this event may change quickly. Please refer to your local news service to get the most recent information about the event."'' ? :<br /> :Concerning '''"Wikipedia in Common English"''' , is this ''"This article is about the conflict that escalated in 2022. For other invasions that took place on the territory of Ukraine, see List of invasions and occupations of Ukraine."'' ? <br /> <br /> :You said '''"We don't necessarily have to folllow enwp articles [...]"''' , I agree with you. :Now , I let express any changers '''(editors if you prefer this word)''' to express themselves concerning the revert if they want. [[User:Anatole-berthe|Anatole-berthe]] ([[User talk:Anatole-berthe|talk]]) 23:48, 2 July 2025 (UTC) kw4y95ar3eo5tuo6kkvnh3uvprwq8br 10368517 10368509 2025-07-02T23:55:32Z Anatole-berthe 1562898 /* 2020s controversies cat */ Correction of a grammar mistake 10368517 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talkheader}} {{Controversial}} {{calm}} {{censor}} {{dyktalk|2 July|2022|entry=... that the '''[[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion of Ukraine]]''' is the largest attack between two [[Europe|European]] countries since [[World War II]]?}} {{Annual readership}} {{translated page|en|2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|version=1074058541|insertversion=|small=no}} == "Russia did say:" or "According to Russia:"--which is most simple? == Please see [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&curid=909165&diff=8077002&oldid=8076254]. (In my view, "according" is not Simple - but "Russia did say", is simple; It is arguably the simplest of the two.) [[Special:Contributions/89.8.121.228|89.8.121.228]] ([[User talk:89.8.121.228|talk]]) 13:17, 28 February 2022 (UTC) :I would go with either 'Russia said' or 'Russia has said' --<b>[[User:Creol|Creol]]</b><small>([[User_talk:Creol|talk]])</small> 22:21, 28 February 2022 (UTC) "Russia" is not a person. Quotes should be accurately attributed. [[User:Macdonald-ross|Macdonald-ross]] ([[User talk:Macdonald-ross|talk]]) 13:09, 4 March 2022 (UTC) :And Jimbo Wales has said that it is okay to say things in a simple way, if one can. (I don't have a source.)--"''Russia's view is that'' " bla-bla; That is my suggestion. (The post at "22:21", is ''fine with me''. Disclaimer: I have never worked as a High School teacher of English.--High school students should not be writing 'Russia said' or 'Russia has said'. For sure! [[Special:Contributions/89.8.90.226|89.8.90.226]] ([[User talk:89.8.90.226|talk]]) 14:24, 4 March 2022 (UTC) ::From post "14:24, 4", I want to continue: "'''Russian authorities say''' ...". That is okay English (for high school students also), in my view. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.132.27|89.8.132.27]] ([[User talk:89.8.132.27|talk]]) 16:00, 4 March 2022 (UTC) == "[[Acc.]]" == "[[acc.]]" is (arguably) not simple.--It might look like the word "[[account]]/ [[bank account]]". [[Special:Contributions/89.8.175.174|89.8.175.174]] ([[User talk:89.8.175.174|talk]]) 22:19, 2 March 2022 (UTC) :Then add it. Be bold. <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:darkgreen;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]</sub> 01:42, 3 March 2022 (UTC) == Sanctions == Shouldn't the sanctions have their own page? (perhaps a list?) Asking before creation since the page is of importance at the time. (perhaps a protection could do sooner or later) &#128160;[[User:Elytrian|<span style="color:#0B615E">Ely</span>]] - [[User talk:Elytrian|<span style="color:#870000">T</span><span style="color:#6d0000">alk</span>]]&#128160; 04:54, 4 March 2022 (UTC) :Maybe anyone can first start the section "Sanctions". (At some time the article will be locked, or the sanctions paragraph will be too big. [[We shall overcome]], when that time comes.) [[Special:Contributions/89.8.119.201|89.8.119.201]] ([[User talk:89.8.119.201|talk]]) 12:08, 4 March 2022 (UTC) == Use of explicit brakets == I've been noticing that 89.8 insists on making the following text visible: ["Ukraine square", or] There is no reason for these brackets and creates visible brackets. Could someone justifiably explain why there are these brackets because I apparently "have not read our Manual of Style" as our dear lord and savior 89.8 insists. Thanks, <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:darkgreen;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]</sub> 12:57, 9 March 2022 (UTC) == Sources == *Many sources are not in English. It is pointless to have sources whose content cannot be read by our readers. Sources as well as text should be in English, and in simple English at that. [[User:Macdonald-ross|Macdonald-ross]] ([[User talk:Macdonald-ross|talk]]) 07:40, 12 March 2022 (UTC) ::A general guideline is ''all countries lie in wartime''. U.K. had massive PR in wartime with censorship and control of the press and radio. Editors should not be so naive as to think "their" side speaks the truth. [[User:Macdonald-ross|Macdonald-ross]] ([[User talk:Macdonald-ross|talk]]) 07:49, 12 March 2022 (UTC) :::There is some flaws in the logic of user:Macdonald-ross: [[Russia Today]] writes in English - however there are only a limited number of people who might rate them with Encyclopedia Britannica.--About the invasion, we should have consensus about what we keep in the article, and we should have consensus about what we keep out of the article.--The wikipedia project started by Jimbo Wales, does not have a prohibition (or bias) to sources in languages which are not English.--User:Macdonald-ross seems to be correct about writing about a war as it unfolds, is problematic.--His suggested remedies do not seem to be rooted in Wikipedia guidelines.--The tag "additional citation needed" is sometimes convenient to used.--Sometimes it can be convenient to move contested text, to the article's talk page. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.136.124|89.8.136.124]] ([[User talk:89.8.136.124|talk]]) 13:48, 12 March 2022 (UTC) ::::Hello IP, it isw quite obvious that during the conflict, each side will only report its view (which is usually heavily distorted in favor of that side). After the conflict, the winner will rewrite the story, and dictate its vuews. In some cases, historians may look into the conflict much later, and perhaps add a more unbiased view. Depending on the strength of pressure groups, there may be topic bans on certain subjects. I currently do not know if we can have an unbiased view on both world wars, the vietnam war, or other conflicts of the 20th/21st century. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 07:41, 11 December 2022 (UTC) == Recruiting of foreign soldiers == I have not yet seen interesting estimates by okay sources.--It would maybe be preferable if we found an okay source that gives estimates about the non-Ukrainian component of those fighting for Ukraine, and the non-Russian component of those fighting for Russia. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.136.124|89.8.136.124]] ([[User talk:89.8.136.124|talk]]) 13:56, 12 March 2022 (UTC) :@ IP from Norway: Of course, you are right. But let me make a linguistic digression to enlighten you a bit (though I am not a native speaker). You sentence can be rephrased to be more grammatical and natural: :''It '''might''' be preferable if we found a '''good''' source (...)''. :Regards from Poland :-) [[Special:Contributions/85.193.252.19|85.193.252.19]] ([[User talk:85.193.252.19|talk]]) 13:14, 18 March 2022 (UTC) ::Could https://www.foxnews.com/world/foreign-volunteers-ukrainian-citizenship-fight-russia-govt be good? [[User:Kolva|<span style="color: darkgreen">kolva</span>]] | [[User talk:Kolva|chat?]] 13:17, 18 March 2022 (UTC) :::My scripts say that it's not a great source and is highlighting it with orange, fox is known to be a little biased. <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:darkgreen;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]</sub> 13:19, 18 March 2022 (UTC) :::how about https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/foreign-fighters-ukraine-await-weapons-chaos-war-83452681 but its reaching a little [[User:Kolva|<span style="color: darkgreen">kolva</span>]] | [[User talk:Kolva|chat?]] 13:19, 18 March 2022 (UTC) ::::This looks better. Also, the comments are hilarious. <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:darkgreen;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]</sub> 13:22, 18 March 2022 (UTC) :::::Your last word (at 13:22 today) stands in contrast to four words: Mariupol Theatre Air Strike.--One still has good faith in your edits. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.157.238|89.8.157.238]] ([[User talk:89.8.157.238|talk]]) 17:04, 18 March 2022 (UTC) ::::::Sorry? I don't understand. <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:darkgreen;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]</sub> 17:08, 18 March 2022 (UTC) ::::Thanks, user:Kolva. I have used the source, (but not because of the numbers).--I am guessing that the sources we need, are the ones which say something like: country X is one of the largest contributors of foreign soldiers or foreign [[military recruit]]s to the Ukrainian side; the numbers (from that country) already there is ...".--From my small country, I have only seen estimates of how many are ''thought'' to be ''on their way'' to Ukraine. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.157.238|89.8.157.238]] ([[User talk:89.8.157.238|talk]]) 17:44, 18 March 2022 (UTC) == Simplicity? == I am reading this and just thinking THIS IS NOT SIMPLE. Can someone more experienced (I keep hearing the name [[User:MrMeAndMrMe|MrMeAndMrMe]] so maybe you?) [Unsigned edit by [[user:JacobTheRox]].] :Please give an example of something that is "not simple, of the highest degree". [[Special:Contributions/89.8.92.4|89.8.92.4]] ([[User talk:89.8.92.4|talk]]) 19:50, 30 May 2022 (UTC) == Moved to discussion (before anyone takes the info to a new article) == *"*[[Baykar Bayraktar TB2|Bayraktar TB2]], combat unmanned aerial vehicles against Russian troops. In January prior to the invasion, the spokesperson for the air force command Lt. Col. Yuri Ignat confirmed that "Ukraine has approximately 20 Bayraktar drones".<ref>{{cite web |author1=David Axe |title=Ukraine Reportedly Has 20 TB-2 Drones. They Might Not Matter In A Wider War With Russia. |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2022/02/08/ukraines-got-20-tb-2-drones-it-might-not-matter-in-a-wider-war-with-russia/?sh=3b6c3bce353f |website=Forbes.com |accessdate=4 March 2022 |date=2022-02-08}}</ref> On February 24, the day of invasion, the [[Russian separatist forces in Donbas|People's Militia of the Luhansk People’s Republic]] claimed it shot down two TB2 drones near the city of Luhansk.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ukraine’s Turkish-made Bayraktar drones shot down – Russia |url=https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/30315-ukraines-turkish-made-bayraktar-drones-shot-down-russia|date=24 February 2022|website=Aero Time Hub}}</ref> On February 27, the Ukraine’s air force confirmed two strikes by TB2 on Russian convoys in the [[Kherson]] and [[Zhytomyr]] regions.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ukraine credits Turkish drones with eviscerating Russian tanks and armor in their first use in a major conflict |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-hypes-bayraktar-drone-as-videos-show-destroyed-russia-tanks-2022-2|date=28 February 2022 |website=Business Insider}}</ref> According to video footage released by the armed forces, TB2 drones destroyed several Russian military vehicles including surface-to-air missile systems.<ref>{{cite web|title= Ukraine’s Secret Weapon Against Russia: Turkish Drones |url= https://time.com/6153197/ukraine-russia-turkish-drones-bayraktar/?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=editorial&utm_term=world_ukraine&linkId=154639902 |date=1 March 2022 |website=Time}}</ref> The drone also reportedly destroyed two Russian fuel trains.<ref>{{cite web |title=A cheap drone is giving Ukraine’s military an edge against Russia|url=https://qz.com/2135820/the-cheap-tb2-drone-gives-ukraine-an-edge-against-russia/|date=3 March 2022|website=Quartz}}</ref><!-- The chief of Ukraine’s air force Lt. Gen. Mykola Oleshchuk called the UAV system "life-giving".--><ref>{{cite web|title=Ukraine Says It Used Turkish-Made Drones to Hit Russian Targets |url=https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/russia-ukraine-latest-news-2022-02-26/card/ukraine-says-it-uses-turkish-made-drones-to-hit-russian-targets-DrigGO7vkGfDzbBuncnA|date=27 February 2022|website=Wall Street Journal}}</ref> On March 2, Ukrainian defense minister [[Oleksii Reznikov]] announced the arrival of additional TB2 drones.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ukraine receives new batch of Bayraktar TB-2 drones from Turkey|url=https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/30352-ukraine-says-it-received-new-batch-of-bayraktars-from-turkey|date=2 March 2022|website=Aero Time Hub}}</ref>" ==Is "More Russian soldiers" (, written somewhat) out of ''clear'' context?== "More Russian soldiers came to the Donbas region of eastern Ukraine on 21 February 2022."--Comment: there is no mention of Russian '''soldiers''', before that part of the (lede, of) the article.--Maybe something is needed earlier in the article: extra information? Clarification? [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:327:8F43:6406:53C1:170F:E2AC|2001:2020:327:8F43:6406:53C1:170F:E2AC]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:327:8F43:6406:53C1:170F:E2AC|talk]]) 15:35, 4 June 2023 (UTC) ===Sources=== {{reflist}}<!-- Template:Unsigned --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:89.8.170.28|89.8.170.28]] ([[User talk:89.8.170.28#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/89.8.170.28|contribs]]) 08:40, 1 June 2022 (UTC)</small> == Attribution == Regarding edit at 21.44 today: in part the text came from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermobaric_weapon. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.146.17|89.8.146.17]] ([[User talk:89.8.146.17|talk]]) 21:49, 1 June 2022 (UTC) == Half-truth? == *"Russia supported the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic in the '''days''' before the invasion". [[Special:Contributions/89.8.146.17|89.8.146.17]] ([[User talk:89.8.146.17|talk]]) 21:53, 1 June 2022 (UTC) == Sections that (have the most hurt, or) are hurting the most? == Which three sections are strong candidates for needing much added text (or many added points)? [[Special:Contributions/46.15.84.92|46.15.84.92]] ([[User talk:46.15.84.92|talk]]) 07:12, 11 December 2022 (UTC) == Notice on privacy == Hello all, thank you for taking interest in this subject. I know that there are laws in Russia that put sanctions on people expressing certain opinions on this conflict. Likely there are similar restrictions in Ukraine. I would therefore advise anyone editing the page (or this talk page) to use their Wikipedia account. If you edit as an IP, it is easy to check where the IP is from, for pretty much anyone. If you edit as a logged-in user, this information is private, and there are restrictions on revealing it, on those who can see it (so-called Checkusers) So for your own protection, do not edit this as an IP. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 07:51, 11 December 2022 (UTC) == References 170 error == Number 170 reference is displaying an error. Can someone correct this? [[User:Adamdaley|Adamdaley]] ([[User talk:Adamdaley|talk]]) 22:28, 4 January 2023 (UTC) :{{done}} — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 22:33, 4 January 2023 (UTC) == Good enough English (or maybe not) == " said "credible reports '''that''' Russian soldiers are currently holding the staff of the Chernobyl facilities hostage."'"--I am not sure how to (tweek) or fix the sentence/period. [[Special:Contributions/46.15.3.112|46.15.3.112]] ([[User talk:46.15.3.112|talk]]) 02:50, 6 January 2023 (UTC) :{{done}} I have simplified it to be more easily understandable and fixed a grammar issue involving it. '''[[User:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#db3131";>Inferno</span><span style="color:#333acc";>Gaming46</span>]] ([[User:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#db3131";>IG</span><span style="color:#333acc";>46</span>]])''' <small> '''([[User talk:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#9319bf";>talk</span>]] / [[Special:Contributions/InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#118b94";>changes</span>]])''' </small> 03:11, 6 January 2023 (UTC) == For the IP user that's updating this article == Can you please try to avoid excessive use of brackets, ellipses, quotes, and semicolons? Instead of using semicolons, it's better to split up the sentences. [[User:Lights and freedom|Lights and freedom]] ([[User talk:Lights and freedom|talk]]) 19:21, 20 March 2023 (UTC) == The title at En-wiki is now "Russian invasion of Ukraine" == [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]]?<br>Should Simple-wiki also change its title? That would be fine by me. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:327:8F43:F9CB:320F:7113:8479|2001:2020:327:8F43:F9CB:320F:7113:8479]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:327:8F43:F9CB:320F:7113:8479|talk]]) 02:34, 4 June 2023 (UTC) :A simple move will do it. '''[[User:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#d60270";>I</span><span style="color:#cf0076";>n</span><span style="color:#c8007c";>f</span><span style="color:#c00082";>e</span><span style="color:#b70688";>r</span><span style="color:#ae0f8d";>n</span><span style="color:#a31692";>o</span><span style="color:#981d97";>G</span><span style="color:#8c229b";>a</span><span style="color:#7e279f";>m</span><span style="color:#702ca2";>i</span><span style="color:#5f30a4";>n</span><span style="color:#4c33a6";>g</span><span style="color:#3436a7";>4</span><span style="color:#0038a8";>6</span>]] ([[User:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#d60270";>I</span><span style="color:#9b4f96";>G</span><span style="color:#0038a8";>46</span>]])''' <small> '''([[User talk:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#9319bf";>talk</span>]] / [[Special:Contributions/InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#118b94";>changes</span>]])''' </small> 02:39, 4 June 2023 (UTC) == Source (for different things) == 2024, in July; drone attack at aircraft parked at [[Olenya]] (military base); Source,https://www.kyivpost.com/post/36690.--Text is under construction. [[Special:Contributions/80.67.37.2|80.67.37.2]] ([[User talk:80.67.37.2|talk]]) 11:56, 1 August 2024 (UTC) == Weapons of the F-16 airplane == The [[F-16|fighter (airplane]], not helicopter), is likely to have these weapons, <br><br> AGM-88 HARM anti-radar air-to-surface missiles<br> JDAM extended-range guided bombs<br> SDB<br> AIM-120 AMRAAM active radar missiles +<br> AIM-9X infrared (IR) missiles "as standard" anti-aircraft.<br> <br><br> Source (as of today in 2024),<br><br> https://www.kyivpost.com/post/36744<br>, and some of that will find its way into the wiki-article. [[Special:Contributions/80.67.37.2|80.67.37.2]] ([[User talk:80.67.37.2|talk]]) 10:31, 2 August 2024 (UTC) == "Use of long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia" == [[Use of long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia]].--Not in the article yet. (En-wiki has an article, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_of_long-range_weapons_by_Ukraine_in_Russia . [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:351:E9CE:CC1E:BF38:BBA2:C81|2001:2020:351:E9CE:CC1E:BF38:BBA2:C81]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:351:E9CE:CC1E:BF38:BBA2:C81|talk]]) 05:05, 19 November 2024 (UTC) == 2020s controversies cat == {{re|MrMeAndMrMe|Anatole-berthe}} pinging both parties. War by its nature is controversial - it's noted at the top of this page, and the enwiki article also is categorised in the same fashion as both a controversy and a conflict of the 2020s. We don't necessarily have to folllow enwp articles' way of doing things but I'm a bit confused by this revert. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:03, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :Thanks you for your question about the "{{Diff|Russian invasion of Ukraine|prev|10366890|changes}}" by @[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|MrMeAndMrMe]] and "{{Diff|Russian invasion of Ukraine|next|10366890|mine}}" ! <br /> <br /> :If you read the content of the category. "[https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2020s_controversies]". :I see things that are less serious than a war even if the articles in this category are about controversials topics. <br /> <br /> :Concerning the article in common English , it is categorised in "[[:en:Category:2020s controversies]]". :MrMeAndMrMe , put it in the equivalent category on '''"Wikipedia in Simple English "'''[https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2020s_controversies]". <br /> :I didn't knew the existence of this category on any Wikipedia before the revert. <br /> <br /> :You said that we can read that this is a controversial topic at the top page of both articles. :Concerning '''"Wikipedia in Simple English"''' , is this ''"This article is about a current event. Information about this event may change quickly. Please refer to your local news service to get the most recent information about the event."'' ? :<br /> :Concerning '''"Wikipedia in Common English"''' , is this ''"This article is about the conflict that escalated in 2022. For other invasions that took place on the territory of Ukraine, see List of invasions and occupations of Ukraine."'' ? <br /> <br /> :You said '''"We don't necessarily have to folllow enwp articles [...]"''' , I agree with you. :Now , I let express any changers '''(editors if you prefer this word)''' to express themselves concerning the revert if they want. [[User:Anatole-berthe|Anatole-berthe]] ([[User talk:Anatole-berthe|talk]]) 23:48, 2 July 2025 (UTC) g8vfznzfyyi3npkpsnvflkeuz5qgqa9 10368819 10368517 2025-07-03T03:11:43Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 /* 2020s controversies cat */ Reply 10368819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talkheader}} {{Controversial}} {{calm}} {{censor}} {{dyktalk|2 July|2022|entry=... that the '''[[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion of Ukraine]]''' is the largest attack between two [[Europe|European]] countries since [[World War II]]?}} {{Annual readership}} {{translated page|en|2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|version=1074058541|insertversion=|small=no}} == "Russia did say:" or "According to Russia:"--which is most simple? == Please see [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&curid=909165&diff=8077002&oldid=8076254]. (In my view, "according" is not Simple - but "Russia did say", is simple; It is arguably the simplest of the two.) [[Special:Contributions/89.8.121.228|89.8.121.228]] ([[User talk:89.8.121.228|talk]]) 13:17, 28 February 2022 (UTC) :I would go with either 'Russia said' or 'Russia has said' --<b>[[User:Creol|Creol]]</b><small>([[User_talk:Creol|talk]])</small> 22:21, 28 February 2022 (UTC) "Russia" is not a person. Quotes should be accurately attributed. [[User:Macdonald-ross|Macdonald-ross]] ([[User talk:Macdonald-ross|talk]]) 13:09, 4 March 2022 (UTC) :And Jimbo Wales has said that it is okay to say things in a simple way, if one can. (I don't have a source.)--"''Russia's view is that'' " bla-bla; That is my suggestion. (The post at "22:21", is ''fine with me''. Disclaimer: I have never worked as a High School teacher of English.--High school students should not be writing 'Russia said' or 'Russia has said'. For sure! [[Special:Contributions/89.8.90.226|89.8.90.226]] ([[User talk:89.8.90.226|talk]]) 14:24, 4 March 2022 (UTC) ::From post "14:24, 4", I want to continue: "'''Russian authorities say''' ...". That is okay English (for high school students also), in my view. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.132.27|89.8.132.27]] ([[User talk:89.8.132.27|talk]]) 16:00, 4 March 2022 (UTC) == "[[Acc.]]" == "[[acc.]]" is (arguably) not simple.--It might look like the word "[[account]]/ [[bank account]]". [[Special:Contributions/89.8.175.174|89.8.175.174]] ([[User talk:89.8.175.174|talk]]) 22:19, 2 March 2022 (UTC) :Then add it. Be bold. <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:darkgreen;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]</sub> 01:42, 3 March 2022 (UTC) == Sanctions == Shouldn't the sanctions have their own page? (perhaps a list?) Asking before creation since the page is of importance at the time. (perhaps a protection could do sooner or later) &#128160;[[User:Elytrian|<span style="color:#0B615E">Ely</span>]] - [[User talk:Elytrian|<span style="color:#870000">T</span><span style="color:#6d0000">alk</span>]]&#128160; 04:54, 4 March 2022 (UTC) :Maybe anyone can first start the section "Sanctions". (At some time the article will be locked, or the sanctions paragraph will be too big. [[We shall overcome]], when that time comes.) [[Special:Contributions/89.8.119.201|89.8.119.201]] ([[User talk:89.8.119.201|talk]]) 12:08, 4 March 2022 (UTC) == Use of explicit brakets == I've been noticing that 89.8 insists on making the following text visible: ["Ukraine square", or] There is no reason for these brackets and creates visible brackets. Could someone justifiably explain why there are these brackets because I apparently "have not read our Manual of Style" as our dear lord and savior 89.8 insists. Thanks, <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:darkgreen;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]</sub> 12:57, 9 March 2022 (UTC) == Sources == *Many sources are not in English. It is pointless to have sources whose content cannot be read by our readers. Sources as well as text should be in English, and in simple English at that. [[User:Macdonald-ross|Macdonald-ross]] ([[User talk:Macdonald-ross|talk]]) 07:40, 12 March 2022 (UTC) ::A general guideline is ''all countries lie in wartime''. U.K. had massive PR in wartime with censorship and control of the press and radio. Editors should not be so naive as to think "their" side speaks the truth. [[User:Macdonald-ross|Macdonald-ross]] ([[User talk:Macdonald-ross|talk]]) 07:49, 12 March 2022 (UTC) :::There is some flaws in the logic of user:Macdonald-ross: [[Russia Today]] writes in English - however there are only a limited number of people who might rate them with Encyclopedia Britannica.--About the invasion, we should have consensus about what we keep in the article, and we should have consensus about what we keep out of the article.--The wikipedia project started by Jimbo Wales, does not have a prohibition (or bias) to sources in languages which are not English.--User:Macdonald-ross seems to be correct about writing about a war as it unfolds, is problematic.--His suggested remedies do not seem to be rooted in Wikipedia guidelines.--The tag "additional citation needed" is sometimes convenient to used.--Sometimes it can be convenient to move contested text, to the article's talk page. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.136.124|89.8.136.124]] ([[User talk:89.8.136.124|talk]]) 13:48, 12 March 2022 (UTC) ::::Hello IP, it isw quite obvious that during the conflict, each side will only report its view (which is usually heavily distorted in favor of that side). After the conflict, the winner will rewrite the story, and dictate its vuews. In some cases, historians may look into the conflict much later, and perhaps add a more unbiased view. Depending on the strength of pressure groups, there may be topic bans on certain subjects. I currently do not know if we can have an unbiased view on both world wars, the vietnam war, or other conflicts of the 20th/21st century. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 07:41, 11 December 2022 (UTC) == Recruiting of foreign soldiers == I have not yet seen interesting estimates by okay sources.--It would maybe be preferable if we found an okay source that gives estimates about the non-Ukrainian component of those fighting for Ukraine, and the non-Russian component of those fighting for Russia. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.136.124|89.8.136.124]] ([[User talk:89.8.136.124|talk]]) 13:56, 12 March 2022 (UTC) :@ IP from Norway: Of course, you are right. But let me make a linguistic digression to enlighten you a bit (though I am not a native speaker). You sentence can be rephrased to be more grammatical and natural: :''It '''might''' be preferable if we found a '''good''' source (...)''. :Regards from Poland :-) [[Special:Contributions/85.193.252.19|85.193.252.19]] ([[User talk:85.193.252.19|talk]]) 13:14, 18 March 2022 (UTC) ::Could https://www.foxnews.com/world/foreign-volunteers-ukrainian-citizenship-fight-russia-govt be good? [[User:Kolva|<span style="color: darkgreen">kolva</span>]] | [[User talk:Kolva|chat?]] 13:17, 18 March 2022 (UTC) :::My scripts say that it's not a great source and is highlighting it with orange, fox is known to be a little biased. <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:darkgreen;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]</sub> 13:19, 18 March 2022 (UTC) :::how about https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/foreign-fighters-ukraine-await-weapons-chaos-war-83452681 but its reaching a little [[User:Kolva|<span style="color: darkgreen">kolva</span>]] | [[User talk:Kolva|chat?]] 13:19, 18 March 2022 (UTC) ::::This looks better. Also, the comments are hilarious. <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:darkgreen;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]</sub> 13:22, 18 March 2022 (UTC) :::::Your last word (at 13:22 today) stands in contrast to four words: Mariupol Theatre Air Strike.--One still has good faith in your edits. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.157.238|89.8.157.238]] ([[User talk:89.8.157.238|talk]]) 17:04, 18 March 2022 (UTC) ::::::Sorry? I don't understand. <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:darkgreen;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]</sub> 17:08, 18 March 2022 (UTC) ::::Thanks, user:Kolva. I have used the source, (but not because of the numbers).--I am guessing that the sources we need, are the ones which say something like: country X is one of the largest contributors of foreign soldiers or foreign [[military recruit]]s to the Ukrainian side; the numbers (from that country) already there is ...".--From my small country, I have only seen estimates of how many are ''thought'' to be ''on their way'' to Ukraine. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.157.238|89.8.157.238]] ([[User talk:89.8.157.238|talk]]) 17:44, 18 March 2022 (UTC) == Simplicity? == I am reading this and just thinking THIS IS NOT SIMPLE. Can someone more experienced (I keep hearing the name [[User:MrMeAndMrMe|MrMeAndMrMe]] so maybe you?) [Unsigned edit by [[user:JacobTheRox]].] :Please give an example of something that is "not simple, of the highest degree". [[Special:Contributions/89.8.92.4|89.8.92.4]] ([[User talk:89.8.92.4|talk]]) 19:50, 30 May 2022 (UTC) == Moved to discussion (before anyone takes the info to a new article) == *"*[[Baykar Bayraktar TB2|Bayraktar TB2]], combat unmanned aerial vehicles against Russian troops. In January prior to the invasion, the spokesperson for the air force command Lt. Col. Yuri Ignat confirmed that "Ukraine has approximately 20 Bayraktar drones".<ref>{{cite web |author1=David Axe |title=Ukraine Reportedly Has 20 TB-2 Drones. They Might Not Matter In A Wider War With Russia. |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2022/02/08/ukraines-got-20-tb-2-drones-it-might-not-matter-in-a-wider-war-with-russia/?sh=3b6c3bce353f |website=Forbes.com |accessdate=4 March 2022 |date=2022-02-08}}</ref> On February 24, the day of invasion, the [[Russian separatist forces in Donbas|People's Militia of the Luhansk People’s Republic]] claimed it shot down two TB2 drones near the city of Luhansk.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ukraine’s Turkish-made Bayraktar drones shot down – Russia |url=https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/30315-ukraines-turkish-made-bayraktar-drones-shot-down-russia|date=24 February 2022|website=Aero Time Hub}}</ref> On February 27, the Ukraine’s air force confirmed two strikes by TB2 on Russian convoys in the [[Kherson]] and [[Zhytomyr]] regions.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ukraine credits Turkish drones with eviscerating Russian tanks and armor in their first use in a major conflict |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-hypes-bayraktar-drone-as-videos-show-destroyed-russia-tanks-2022-2|date=28 February 2022 |website=Business Insider}}</ref> According to video footage released by the armed forces, TB2 drones destroyed several Russian military vehicles including surface-to-air missile systems.<ref>{{cite web|title= Ukraine’s Secret Weapon Against Russia: Turkish Drones |url= https://time.com/6153197/ukraine-russia-turkish-drones-bayraktar/?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=editorial&utm_term=world_ukraine&linkId=154639902 |date=1 March 2022 |website=Time}}</ref> The drone also reportedly destroyed two Russian fuel trains.<ref>{{cite web |title=A cheap drone is giving Ukraine’s military an edge against Russia|url=https://qz.com/2135820/the-cheap-tb2-drone-gives-ukraine-an-edge-against-russia/|date=3 March 2022|website=Quartz}}</ref><!-- The chief of Ukraine’s air force Lt. Gen. Mykola Oleshchuk called the UAV system "life-giving".--><ref>{{cite web|title=Ukraine Says It Used Turkish-Made Drones to Hit Russian Targets |url=https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/russia-ukraine-latest-news-2022-02-26/card/ukraine-says-it-uses-turkish-made-drones-to-hit-russian-targets-DrigGO7vkGfDzbBuncnA|date=27 February 2022|website=Wall Street Journal}}</ref> On March 2, Ukrainian defense minister [[Oleksii Reznikov]] announced the arrival of additional TB2 drones.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ukraine receives new batch of Bayraktar TB-2 drones from Turkey|url=https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/30352-ukraine-says-it-received-new-batch-of-bayraktars-from-turkey|date=2 March 2022|website=Aero Time Hub}}</ref>" ==Is "More Russian soldiers" (, written somewhat) out of ''clear'' context?== "More Russian soldiers came to the Donbas region of eastern Ukraine on 21 February 2022."--Comment: there is no mention of Russian '''soldiers''', before that part of the (lede, of) the article.--Maybe something is needed earlier in the article: extra information? Clarification? [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:327:8F43:6406:53C1:170F:E2AC|2001:2020:327:8F43:6406:53C1:170F:E2AC]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:327:8F43:6406:53C1:170F:E2AC|talk]]) 15:35, 4 June 2023 (UTC) ===Sources=== {{reflist}}<!-- Template:Unsigned --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:89.8.170.28|89.8.170.28]] ([[User talk:89.8.170.28#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/89.8.170.28|contribs]]) 08:40, 1 June 2022 (UTC)</small> == Attribution == Regarding edit at 21.44 today: in part the text came from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermobaric_weapon. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.146.17|89.8.146.17]] ([[User talk:89.8.146.17|talk]]) 21:49, 1 June 2022 (UTC) == Half-truth? == *"Russia supported the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic in the '''days''' before the invasion". [[Special:Contributions/89.8.146.17|89.8.146.17]] ([[User talk:89.8.146.17|talk]]) 21:53, 1 June 2022 (UTC) == Sections that (have the most hurt, or) are hurting the most? == Which three sections are strong candidates for needing much added text (or many added points)? [[Special:Contributions/46.15.84.92|46.15.84.92]] ([[User talk:46.15.84.92|talk]]) 07:12, 11 December 2022 (UTC) == Notice on privacy == Hello all, thank you for taking interest in this subject. I know that there are laws in Russia that put sanctions on people expressing certain opinions on this conflict. Likely there are similar restrictions in Ukraine. I would therefore advise anyone editing the page (or this talk page) to use their Wikipedia account. If you edit as an IP, it is easy to check where the IP is from, for pretty much anyone. If you edit as a logged-in user, this information is private, and there are restrictions on revealing it, on those who can see it (so-called Checkusers) So for your own protection, do not edit this as an IP. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 07:51, 11 December 2022 (UTC) == References 170 error == Number 170 reference is displaying an error. Can someone correct this? [[User:Adamdaley|Adamdaley]] ([[User talk:Adamdaley|talk]]) 22:28, 4 January 2023 (UTC) :{{done}} — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 22:33, 4 January 2023 (UTC) == Good enough English (or maybe not) == " said "credible reports '''that''' Russian soldiers are currently holding the staff of the Chernobyl facilities hostage."'"--I am not sure how to (tweek) or fix the sentence/period. [[Special:Contributions/46.15.3.112|46.15.3.112]] ([[User talk:46.15.3.112|talk]]) 02:50, 6 January 2023 (UTC) :{{done}} I have simplified it to be more easily understandable and fixed a grammar issue involving it. '''[[User:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#db3131";>Inferno</span><span style="color:#333acc";>Gaming46</span>]] ([[User:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#db3131";>IG</span><span style="color:#333acc";>46</span>]])''' <small> '''([[User talk:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#9319bf";>talk</span>]] / [[Special:Contributions/InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#118b94";>changes</span>]])''' </small> 03:11, 6 January 2023 (UTC) == For the IP user that's updating this article == Can you please try to avoid excessive use of brackets, ellipses, quotes, and semicolons? Instead of using semicolons, it's better to split up the sentences. [[User:Lights and freedom|Lights and freedom]] ([[User talk:Lights and freedom|talk]]) 19:21, 20 March 2023 (UTC) == The title at En-wiki is now "Russian invasion of Ukraine" == [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]]?<br>Should Simple-wiki also change its title? That would be fine by me. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:327:8F43:F9CB:320F:7113:8479|2001:2020:327:8F43:F9CB:320F:7113:8479]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:327:8F43:F9CB:320F:7113:8479|talk]]) 02:34, 4 June 2023 (UTC) :A simple move will do it. '''[[User:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#d60270";>I</span><span style="color:#cf0076";>n</span><span style="color:#c8007c";>f</span><span style="color:#c00082";>e</span><span style="color:#b70688";>r</span><span style="color:#ae0f8d";>n</span><span style="color:#a31692";>o</span><span style="color:#981d97";>G</span><span style="color:#8c229b";>a</span><span style="color:#7e279f";>m</span><span style="color:#702ca2";>i</span><span style="color:#5f30a4";>n</span><span style="color:#4c33a6";>g</span><span style="color:#3436a7";>4</span><span style="color:#0038a8";>6</span>]] ([[User:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#d60270";>I</span><span style="color:#9b4f96";>G</span><span style="color:#0038a8";>46</span>]])''' <small> '''([[User talk:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#9319bf";>talk</span>]] / [[Special:Contributions/InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#118b94";>changes</span>]])''' </small> 02:39, 4 June 2023 (UTC) == Source (for different things) == 2024, in July; drone attack at aircraft parked at [[Olenya]] (military base); Source,https://www.kyivpost.com/post/36690.--Text is under construction. [[Special:Contributions/80.67.37.2|80.67.37.2]] ([[User talk:80.67.37.2|talk]]) 11:56, 1 August 2024 (UTC) == Weapons of the F-16 airplane == The [[F-16|fighter (airplane]], not helicopter), is likely to have these weapons, <br><br> AGM-88 HARM anti-radar air-to-surface missiles<br> JDAM extended-range guided bombs<br> SDB<br> AIM-120 AMRAAM active radar missiles +<br> AIM-9X infrared (IR) missiles "as standard" anti-aircraft.<br> <br><br> Source (as of today in 2024),<br><br> https://www.kyivpost.com/post/36744<br>, and some of that will find its way into the wiki-article. [[Special:Contributions/80.67.37.2|80.67.37.2]] ([[User talk:80.67.37.2|talk]]) 10:31, 2 August 2024 (UTC) == "Use of long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia" == [[Use of long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia]].--Not in the article yet. (En-wiki has an article, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_of_long-range_weapons_by_Ukraine_in_Russia . [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:351:E9CE:CC1E:BF38:BBA2:C81|2001:2020:351:E9CE:CC1E:BF38:BBA2:C81]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:351:E9CE:CC1E:BF38:BBA2:C81|talk]]) 05:05, 19 November 2024 (UTC) == 2020s controversies cat == {{re|MrMeAndMrMe|Anatole-berthe}} pinging both parties. War by its nature is controversial - it's noted at the top of this page, and the enwiki article also is categorised in the same fashion as both a controversy and a conflict of the 2020s. We don't necessarily have to folllow enwp articles' way of doing things but I'm a bit confused by this revert. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:03, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :Thanks you for your question about the "{{Diff|Russian invasion of Ukraine|prev|10366890|changes}}" by @[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|MrMeAndMrMe]] and "{{Diff|Russian invasion of Ukraine|next|10366890|mine}}" ! <br /> <br /> :If you read the content of the category. "[https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2020s_controversies]". :I see things that are less serious than a war even if the articles in this category are about controversials topics. <br /> <br /> :Concerning the article in common English , it is categorised in "[[:en:Category:2020s controversies]]". :MrMeAndMrMe , put it in the equivalent category on '''"Wikipedia in Simple English "'''[https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2020s_controversies]". <br /> :I didn't knew the existence of this category on any Wikipedia before the revert. <br /> <br /> :You said that we can read that this is a controversial topic at the top page of both articles. :Concerning '''"Wikipedia in Simple English"''' , is this ''"This article is about a current event. Information about this event may change quickly. Please refer to your local news service to get the most recent information about the event."'' ? :<br /> :Concerning '''"Wikipedia in Common English"''' , is this ''"This article is about the conflict that escalated in 2022. For other invasions that took place on the territory of Ukraine, see List of invasions and occupations of Ukraine."'' ? <br /> <br /> :You said '''"We don't necessarily have to folllow enwp articles [...]"''' , I agree with you. :Now , I let express any changers '''(editors if you prefer this word)''' to express themselves concerning the revert if they want. [[User:Anatole-berthe|Anatole-berthe]] ([[User talk:Anatole-berthe|talk]]) 23:48, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for the ping, Ferien. @[[User:Anatole-berthe|Anatole-berthe]] While conflicts generally do not fall under the category controversies, The Russian Invasion of Ukraine was especially contentious for its time. However, nearly every war is controversial, and there are already articles for arguments against the war in Ukraine, and so I don‘t think the category is necessary in this instance. Thank you for bringing this to my attentiob by reverting my edit. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 03:11, 3 July 2025 (UTC) pe4nhi2ut3n50p6gc6g9ppugum02oea 10368867 10368819 2025-07-03T03:31:23Z Anatole-berthe 1562898 /* 2020s controversies cat */ Reply 10368867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talkheader}} {{Controversial}} {{calm}} {{censor}} {{dyktalk|2 July|2022|entry=... that the '''[[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion of Ukraine]]''' is the largest attack between two [[Europe|European]] countries since [[World War II]]?}} {{Annual readership}} {{translated page|en|2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|version=1074058541|insertversion=|small=no}} == "Russia did say:" or "According to Russia:"--which is most simple? == Please see [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&curid=909165&diff=8077002&oldid=8076254]. (In my view, "according" is not Simple - but "Russia did say", is simple; It is arguably the simplest of the two.) [[Special:Contributions/89.8.121.228|89.8.121.228]] ([[User talk:89.8.121.228|talk]]) 13:17, 28 February 2022 (UTC) :I would go with either 'Russia said' or 'Russia has said' --<b>[[User:Creol|Creol]]</b><small>([[User_talk:Creol|talk]])</small> 22:21, 28 February 2022 (UTC) "Russia" is not a person. Quotes should be accurately attributed. [[User:Macdonald-ross|Macdonald-ross]] ([[User talk:Macdonald-ross|talk]]) 13:09, 4 March 2022 (UTC) :And Jimbo Wales has said that it is okay to say things in a simple way, if one can. (I don't have a source.)--"''Russia's view is that'' " bla-bla; That is my suggestion. (The post at "22:21", is ''fine with me''. Disclaimer: I have never worked as a High School teacher of English.--High school students should not be writing 'Russia said' or 'Russia has said'. For sure! [[Special:Contributions/89.8.90.226|89.8.90.226]] ([[User talk:89.8.90.226|talk]]) 14:24, 4 March 2022 (UTC) ::From post "14:24, 4", I want to continue: "'''Russian authorities say''' ...". That is okay English (for high school students also), in my view. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.132.27|89.8.132.27]] ([[User talk:89.8.132.27|talk]]) 16:00, 4 March 2022 (UTC) == "[[Acc.]]" == "[[acc.]]" is (arguably) not simple.--It might look like the word "[[account]]/ [[bank account]]". [[Special:Contributions/89.8.175.174|89.8.175.174]] ([[User talk:89.8.175.174|talk]]) 22:19, 2 March 2022 (UTC) :Then add it. Be bold. <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:darkgreen;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]</sub> 01:42, 3 March 2022 (UTC) == Sanctions == Shouldn't the sanctions have their own page? (perhaps a list?) Asking before creation since the page is of importance at the time. (perhaps a protection could do sooner or later) &#128160;[[User:Elytrian|<span style="color:#0B615E">Ely</span>]] - [[User talk:Elytrian|<span style="color:#870000">T</span><span style="color:#6d0000">alk</span>]]&#128160; 04:54, 4 March 2022 (UTC) :Maybe anyone can first start the section "Sanctions". (At some time the article will be locked, or the sanctions paragraph will be too big. [[We shall overcome]], when that time comes.) [[Special:Contributions/89.8.119.201|89.8.119.201]] ([[User talk:89.8.119.201|talk]]) 12:08, 4 March 2022 (UTC) == Use of explicit brakets == I've been noticing that 89.8 insists on making the following text visible: ["Ukraine square", or] There is no reason for these brackets and creates visible brackets. Could someone justifiably explain why there are these brackets because I apparently "have not read our Manual of Style" as our dear lord and savior 89.8 insists. Thanks, <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:darkgreen;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]</sub> 12:57, 9 March 2022 (UTC) == Sources == *Many sources are not in English. It is pointless to have sources whose content cannot be read by our readers. Sources as well as text should be in English, and in simple English at that. [[User:Macdonald-ross|Macdonald-ross]] ([[User talk:Macdonald-ross|talk]]) 07:40, 12 March 2022 (UTC) ::A general guideline is ''all countries lie in wartime''. U.K. had massive PR in wartime with censorship and control of the press and radio. Editors should not be so naive as to think "their" side speaks the truth. [[User:Macdonald-ross|Macdonald-ross]] ([[User talk:Macdonald-ross|talk]]) 07:49, 12 March 2022 (UTC) :::There is some flaws in the logic of user:Macdonald-ross: [[Russia Today]] writes in English - however there are only a limited number of people who might rate them with Encyclopedia Britannica.--About the invasion, we should have consensus about what we keep in the article, and we should have consensus about what we keep out of the article.--The wikipedia project started by Jimbo Wales, does not have a prohibition (or bias) to sources in languages which are not English.--User:Macdonald-ross seems to be correct about writing about a war as it unfolds, is problematic.--His suggested remedies do not seem to be rooted in Wikipedia guidelines.--The tag "additional citation needed" is sometimes convenient to used.--Sometimes it can be convenient to move contested text, to the article's talk page. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.136.124|89.8.136.124]] ([[User talk:89.8.136.124|talk]]) 13:48, 12 March 2022 (UTC) ::::Hello IP, it isw quite obvious that during the conflict, each side will only report its view (which is usually heavily distorted in favor of that side). After the conflict, the winner will rewrite the story, and dictate its vuews. In some cases, historians may look into the conflict much later, and perhaps add a more unbiased view. Depending on the strength of pressure groups, there may be topic bans on certain subjects. I currently do not know if we can have an unbiased view on both world wars, the vietnam war, or other conflicts of the 20th/21st century. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 07:41, 11 December 2022 (UTC) == Recruiting of foreign soldiers == I have not yet seen interesting estimates by okay sources.--It would maybe be preferable if we found an okay source that gives estimates about the non-Ukrainian component of those fighting for Ukraine, and the non-Russian component of those fighting for Russia. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.136.124|89.8.136.124]] ([[User talk:89.8.136.124|talk]]) 13:56, 12 March 2022 (UTC) :@ IP from Norway: Of course, you are right. But let me make a linguistic digression to enlighten you a bit (though I am not a native speaker). You sentence can be rephrased to be more grammatical and natural: :''It '''might''' be preferable if we found a '''good''' source (...)''. :Regards from Poland :-) [[Special:Contributions/85.193.252.19|85.193.252.19]] ([[User talk:85.193.252.19|talk]]) 13:14, 18 March 2022 (UTC) ::Could https://www.foxnews.com/world/foreign-volunteers-ukrainian-citizenship-fight-russia-govt be good? [[User:Kolva|<span style="color: darkgreen">kolva</span>]] | [[User talk:Kolva|chat?]] 13:17, 18 March 2022 (UTC) :::My scripts say that it's not a great source and is highlighting it with orange, fox is known to be a little biased. <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:darkgreen;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]</sub> 13:19, 18 March 2022 (UTC) :::how about https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/foreign-fighters-ukraine-await-weapons-chaos-war-83452681 but its reaching a little [[User:Kolva|<span style="color: darkgreen">kolva</span>]] | [[User talk:Kolva|chat?]] 13:19, 18 March 2022 (UTC) ::::This looks better. Also, the comments are hilarious. <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:darkgreen;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]</sub> 13:22, 18 March 2022 (UTC) :::::Your last word (at 13:22 today) stands in contrast to four words: Mariupol Theatre Air Strike.--One still has good faith in your edits. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.157.238|89.8.157.238]] ([[User talk:89.8.157.238|talk]]) 17:04, 18 March 2022 (UTC) ::::::Sorry? I don't understand. <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:darkgreen;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]</sub> 17:08, 18 March 2022 (UTC) ::::Thanks, user:Kolva. I have used the source, (but not because of the numbers).--I am guessing that the sources we need, are the ones which say something like: country X is one of the largest contributors of foreign soldiers or foreign [[military recruit]]s to the Ukrainian side; the numbers (from that country) already there is ...".--From my small country, I have only seen estimates of how many are ''thought'' to be ''on their way'' to Ukraine. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.157.238|89.8.157.238]] ([[User talk:89.8.157.238|talk]]) 17:44, 18 March 2022 (UTC) == Simplicity? == I am reading this and just thinking THIS IS NOT SIMPLE. Can someone more experienced (I keep hearing the name [[User:MrMeAndMrMe|MrMeAndMrMe]] so maybe you?) [Unsigned edit by [[user:JacobTheRox]].] :Please give an example of something that is "not simple, of the highest degree". [[Special:Contributions/89.8.92.4|89.8.92.4]] ([[User talk:89.8.92.4|talk]]) 19:50, 30 May 2022 (UTC) == Moved to discussion (before anyone takes the info to a new article) == *"*[[Baykar Bayraktar TB2|Bayraktar TB2]], combat unmanned aerial vehicles against Russian troops. In January prior to the invasion, the spokesperson for the air force command Lt. Col. Yuri Ignat confirmed that "Ukraine has approximately 20 Bayraktar drones".<ref>{{cite web |author1=David Axe |title=Ukraine Reportedly Has 20 TB-2 Drones. They Might Not Matter In A Wider War With Russia. |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2022/02/08/ukraines-got-20-tb-2-drones-it-might-not-matter-in-a-wider-war-with-russia/?sh=3b6c3bce353f |website=Forbes.com |accessdate=4 March 2022 |date=2022-02-08}}</ref> On February 24, the day of invasion, the [[Russian separatist forces in Donbas|People's Militia of the Luhansk People’s Republic]] claimed it shot down two TB2 drones near the city of Luhansk.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ukraine’s Turkish-made Bayraktar drones shot down – Russia |url=https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/30315-ukraines-turkish-made-bayraktar-drones-shot-down-russia|date=24 February 2022|website=Aero Time Hub}}</ref> On February 27, the Ukraine’s air force confirmed two strikes by TB2 on Russian convoys in the [[Kherson]] and [[Zhytomyr]] regions.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ukraine credits Turkish drones with eviscerating Russian tanks and armor in their first use in a major conflict |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-hypes-bayraktar-drone-as-videos-show-destroyed-russia-tanks-2022-2|date=28 February 2022 |website=Business Insider}}</ref> According to video footage released by the armed forces, TB2 drones destroyed several Russian military vehicles including surface-to-air missile systems.<ref>{{cite web|title= Ukraine’s Secret Weapon Against Russia: Turkish Drones |url= https://time.com/6153197/ukraine-russia-turkish-drones-bayraktar/?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=editorial&utm_term=world_ukraine&linkId=154639902 |date=1 March 2022 |website=Time}}</ref> The drone also reportedly destroyed two Russian fuel trains.<ref>{{cite web |title=A cheap drone is giving Ukraine’s military an edge against Russia|url=https://qz.com/2135820/the-cheap-tb2-drone-gives-ukraine-an-edge-against-russia/|date=3 March 2022|website=Quartz}}</ref><!-- The chief of Ukraine’s air force Lt. Gen. Mykola Oleshchuk called the UAV system "life-giving".--><ref>{{cite web|title=Ukraine Says It Used Turkish-Made Drones to Hit Russian Targets |url=https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/russia-ukraine-latest-news-2022-02-26/card/ukraine-says-it-uses-turkish-made-drones-to-hit-russian-targets-DrigGO7vkGfDzbBuncnA|date=27 February 2022|website=Wall Street Journal}}</ref> On March 2, Ukrainian defense minister [[Oleksii Reznikov]] announced the arrival of additional TB2 drones.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ukraine receives new batch of Bayraktar TB-2 drones from Turkey|url=https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/30352-ukraine-says-it-received-new-batch-of-bayraktars-from-turkey|date=2 March 2022|website=Aero Time Hub}}</ref>" ==Is "More Russian soldiers" (, written somewhat) out of ''clear'' context?== "More Russian soldiers came to the Donbas region of eastern Ukraine on 21 February 2022."--Comment: there is no mention of Russian '''soldiers''', before that part of the (lede, of) the article.--Maybe something is needed earlier in the article: extra information? Clarification? [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:327:8F43:6406:53C1:170F:E2AC|2001:2020:327:8F43:6406:53C1:170F:E2AC]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:327:8F43:6406:53C1:170F:E2AC|talk]]) 15:35, 4 June 2023 (UTC) ===Sources=== {{reflist}}<!-- Template:Unsigned --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:89.8.170.28|89.8.170.28]] ([[User talk:89.8.170.28#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/89.8.170.28|contribs]]) 08:40, 1 June 2022 (UTC)</small> == Attribution == Regarding edit at 21.44 today: in part the text came from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermobaric_weapon. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.146.17|89.8.146.17]] ([[User talk:89.8.146.17|talk]]) 21:49, 1 June 2022 (UTC) == Half-truth? == *"Russia supported the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic in the '''days''' before the invasion". [[Special:Contributions/89.8.146.17|89.8.146.17]] ([[User talk:89.8.146.17|talk]]) 21:53, 1 June 2022 (UTC) == Sections that (have the most hurt, or) are hurting the most? == Which three sections are strong candidates for needing much added text (or many added points)? [[Special:Contributions/46.15.84.92|46.15.84.92]] ([[User talk:46.15.84.92|talk]]) 07:12, 11 December 2022 (UTC) == Notice on privacy == Hello all, thank you for taking interest in this subject. I know that there are laws in Russia that put sanctions on people expressing certain opinions on this conflict. Likely there are similar restrictions in Ukraine. I would therefore advise anyone editing the page (or this talk page) to use their Wikipedia account. If you edit as an IP, it is easy to check where the IP is from, for pretty much anyone. If you edit as a logged-in user, this information is private, and there are restrictions on revealing it, on those who can see it (so-called Checkusers) So for your own protection, do not edit this as an IP. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 07:51, 11 December 2022 (UTC) == References 170 error == Number 170 reference is displaying an error. Can someone correct this? [[User:Adamdaley|Adamdaley]] ([[User talk:Adamdaley|talk]]) 22:28, 4 January 2023 (UTC) :{{done}} — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 22:33, 4 January 2023 (UTC) == Good enough English (or maybe not) == " said "credible reports '''that''' Russian soldiers are currently holding the staff of the Chernobyl facilities hostage."'"--I am not sure how to (tweek) or fix the sentence/period. [[Special:Contributions/46.15.3.112|46.15.3.112]] ([[User talk:46.15.3.112|talk]]) 02:50, 6 January 2023 (UTC) :{{done}} I have simplified it to be more easily understandable and fixed a grammar issue involving it. '''[[User:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#db3131";>Inferno</span><span style="color:#333acc";>Gaming46</span>]] ([[User:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#db3131";>IG</span><span style="color:#333acc";>46</span>]])''' <small> '''([[User talk:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#9319bf";>talk</span>]] / [[Special:Contributions/InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#118b94";>changes</span>]])''' </small> 03:11, 6 January 2023 (UTC) == For the IP user that's updating this article == Can you please try to avoid excessive use of brackets, ellipses, quotes, and semicolons? Instead of using semicolons, it's better to split up the sentences. [[User:Lights and freedom|Lights and freedom]] ([[User talk:Lights and freedom|talk]]) 19:21, 20 March 2023 (UTC) == The title at En-wiki is now "Russian invasion of Ukraine" == [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]]?<br>Should Simple-wiki also change its title? That would be fine by me. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:327:8F43:F9CB:320F:7113:8479|2001:2020:327:8F43:F9CB:320F:7113:8479]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:327:8F43:F9CB:320F:7113:8479|talk]]) 02:34, 4 June 2023 (UTC) :A simple move will do it. '''[[User:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#d60270";>I</span><span style="color:#cf0076";>n</span><span style="color:#c8007c";>f</span><span style="color:#c00082";>e</span><span style="color:#b70688";>r</span><span style="color:#ae0f8d";>n</span><span style="color:#a31692";>o</span><span style="color:#981d97";>G</span><span style="color:#8c229b";>a</span><span style="color:#7e279f";>m</span><span style="color:#702ca2";>i</span><span style="color:#5f30a4";>n</span><span style="color:#4c33a6";>g</span><span style="color:#3436a7";>4</span><span style="color:#0038a8";>6</span>]] ([[User:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#d60270";>I</span><span style="color:#9b4f96";>G</span><span style="color:#0038a8";>46</span>]])''' <small> '''([[User talk:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#9319bf";>talk</span>]] / [[Special:Contributions/InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#118b94";>changes</span>]])''' </small> 02:39, 4 June 2023 (UTC) == Source (for different things) == 2024, in July; drone attack at aircraft parked at [[Olenya]] (military base); Source,https://www.kyivpost.com/post/36690.--Text is under construction. [[Special:Contributions/80.67.37.2|80.67.37.2]] ([[User talk:80.67.37.2|talk]]) 11:56, 1 August 2024 (UTC) == Weapons of the F-16 airplane == The [[F-16|fighter (airplane]], not helicopter), is likely to have these weapons, <br><br> AGM-88 HARM anti-radar air-to-surface missiles<br> JDAM extended-range guided bombs<br> SDB<br> AIM-120 AMRAAM active radar missiles +<br> AIM-9X infrared (IR) missiles "as standard" anti-aircraft.<br> <br><br> Source (as of today in 2024),<br><br> https://www.kyivpost.com/post/36744<br>, and some of that will find its way into the wiki-article. [[Special:Contributions/80.67.37.2|80.67.37.2]] ([[User talk:80.67.37.2|talk]]) 10:31, 2 August 2024 (UTC) == "Use of long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia" == [[Use of long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia]].--Not in the article yet. (En-wiki has an article, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_of_long-range_weapons_by_Ukraine_in_Russia . [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:351:E9CE:CC1E:BF38:BBA2:C81|2001:2020:351:E9CE:CC1E:BF38:BBA2:C81]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:351:E9CE:CC1E:BF38:BBA2:C81|talk]]) 05:05, 19 November 2024 (UTC) == 2020s controversies cat == {{re|MrMeAndMrMe|Anatole-berthe}} pinging both parties. War by its nature is controversial - it's noted at the top of this page, and the enwiki article also is categorised in the same fashion as both a controversy and a conflict of the 2020s. We don't necessarily have to folllow enwp articles' way of doing things but I'm a bit confused by this revert. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:03, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :Thanks you for your question about the "{{Diff|Russian invasion of Ukraine|prev|10366890|changes}}" by @[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|MrMeAndMrMe]] and "{{Diff|Russian invasion of Ukraine|next|10366890|mine}}" ! <br /> <br /> :If you read the content of the category. "[https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2020s_controversies]". :I see things that are less serious than a war even if the articles in this category are about controversials topics. <br /> <br /> :Concerning the article in common English , it is categorised in "[[:en:Category:2020s controversies]]". :MrMeAndMrMe , put it in the equivalent category on '''"Wikipedia in Simple English "'''[https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2020s_controversies]". <br /> :I didn't knew the existence of this category on any Wikipedia before the revert. <br /> <br /> :You said that we can read that this is a controversial topic at the top page of both articles. :Concerning '''"Wikipedia in Simple English"''' , is this ''"This article is about a current event. Information about this event may change quickly. Please refer to your local news service to get the most recent information about the event."'' ? :<br /> :Concerning '''"Wikipedia in Common English"''' , is this ''"This article is about the conflict that escalated in 2022. For other invasions that took place on the territory of Ukraine, see List of invasions and occupations of Ukraine."'' ? <br /> <br /> :You said '''"We don't necessarily have to folllow enwp articles [...]"''' , I agree with you. :Now , I let express any changers '''(editors if you prefer this word)''' to express themselves concerning the revert if they want. [[User:Anatole-berthe|Anatole-berthe]] ([[User talk:Anatole-berthe|talk]]) 23:48, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for the ping, Ferien. @[[User:Anatole-berthe|Anatole-berthe]] While conflicts generally do not fall under the category controversies, The Russian Invasion of Ukraine was especially contentious for its time. However, nearly every war is controversial, and there are already articles for arguments against the war in Ukraine, and so I don‘t think the category is necessary in this instance. Thank you for bringing this to my attentiob by reverting my edit. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 03:11, 3 July 2025 (UTC) :::Thanks for your answer ! When you said '''"The Russian Invasion of Ukraine was especially contentious for its time"'''. :::It is controversial for which reasons ? Controversial is a word with many meaning. <br /> <br /> :::I think that you're mentionning indirectly the differences between '''"pro-Russian narrative"''' and '''"pro-Ukrainian narrative"''' but I'm not certain that I did rightly understood. [[User:Anatole-berthe|Anatole-berthe]] ([[User talk:Anatole-berthe|talk]]) 03:31, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ln1o530tp3hepkfd84iynfylgu5yuxq 10369349 10368867 2025-07-03T10:23:50Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 /* 2020s controversies cat */ Reply 10369349 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talkheader}} {{Controversial}} {{calm}} {{censor}} {{dyktalk|2 July|2022|entry=... that the '''[[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion of Ukraine]]''' is the largest attack between two [[Europe|European]] countries since [[World War II]]?}} {{Annual readership}} {{translated page|en|2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|version=1074058541|insertversion=|small=no}} == "Russia did say:" or "According to Russia:"--which is most simple? == Please see [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&curid=909165&diff=8077002&oldid=8076254]. (In my view, "according" is not Simple - but "Russia did say", is simple; It is arguably the simplest of the two.) [[Special:Contributions/89.8.121.228|89.8.121.228]] ([[User talk:89.8.121.228|talk]]) 13:17, 28 February 2022 (UTC) :I would go with either 'Russia said' or 'Russia has said' --<b>[[User:Creol|Creol]]</b><small>([[User_talk:Creol|talk]])</small> 22:21, 28 February 2022 (UTC) "Russia" is not a person. Quotes should be accurately attributed. [[User:Macdonald-ross|Macdonald-ross]] ([[User talk:Macdonald-ross|talk]]) 13:09, 4 March 2022 (UTC) :And Jimbo Wales has said that it is okay to say things in a simple way, if one can. (I don't have a source.)--"''Russia's view is that'' " bla-bla; That is my suggestion. (The post at "22:21", is ''fine with me''. Disclaimer: I have never worked as a High School teacher of English.--High school students should not be writing 'Russia said' or 'Russia has said'. For sure! [[Special:Contributions/89.8.90.226|89.8.90.226]] ([[User talk:89.8.90.226|talk]]) 14:24, 4 March 2022 (UTC) ::From post "14:24, 4", I want to continue: "'''Russian authorities say''' ...". That is okay English (for high school students also), in my view. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.132.27|89.8.132.27]] ([[User talk:89.8.132.27|talk]]) 16:00, 4 March 2022 (UTC) == "[[Acc.]]" == "[[acc.]]" is (arguably) not simple.--It might look like the word "[[account]]/ [[bank account]]". [[Special:Contributions/89.8.175.174|89.8.175.174]] ([[User talk:89.8.175.174|talk]]) 22:19, 2 March 2022 (UTC) :Then add it. Be bold. <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:darkgreen;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]</sub> 01:42, 3 March 2022 (UTC) == Sanctions == Shouldn't the sanctions have their own page? (perhaps a list?) Asking before creation since the page is of importance at the time. (perhaps a protection could do sooner or later) &#128160;[[User:Elytrian|<span style="color:#0B615E">Ely</span>]] - [[User talk:Elytrian|<span style="color:#870000">T</span><span style="color:#6d0000">alk</span>]]&#128160; 04:54, 4 March 2022 (UTC) :Maybe anyone can first start the section "Sanctions". (At some time the article will be locked, or the sanctions paragraph will be too big. [[We shall overcome]], when that time comes.) [[Special:Contributions/89.8.119.201|89.8.119.201]] ([[User talk:89.8.119.201|talk]]) 12:08, 4 March 2022 (UTC) == Use of explicit brakets == I've been noticing that 89.8 insists on making the following text visible: ["Ukraine square", or] There is no reason for these brackets and creates visible brackets. Could someone justifiably explain why there are these brackets because I apparently "have not read our Manual of Style" as our dear lord and savior 89.8 insists. Thanks, <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:darkgreen;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]</sub> 12:57, 9 March 2022 (UTC) == Sources == *Many sources are not in English. It is pointless to have sources whose content cannot be read by our readers. Sources as well as text should be in English, and in simple English at that. [[User:Macdonald-ross|Macdonald-ross]] ([[User talk:Macdonald-ross|talk]]) 07:40, 12 March 2022 (UTC) ::A general guideline is ''all countries lie in wartime''. U.K. had massive PR in wartime with censorship and control of the press and radio. Editors should not be so naive as to think "their" side speaks the truth. [[User:Macdonald-ross|Macdonald-ross]] ([[User talk:Macdonald-ross|talk]]) 07:49, 12 March 2022 (UTC) :::There is some flaws in the logic of user:Macdonald-ross: [[Russia Today]] writes in English - however there are only a limited number of people who might rate them with Encyclopedia Britannica.--About the invasion, we should have consensus about what we keep in the article, and we should have consensus about what we keep out of the article.--The wikipedia project started by Jimbo Wales, does not have a prohibition (or bias) to sources in languages which are not English.--User:Macdonald-ross seems to be correct about writing about a war as it unfolds, is problematic.--His suggested remedies do not seem to be rooted in Wikipedia guidelines.--The tag "additional citation needed" is sometimes convenient to used.--Sometimes it can be convenient to move contested text, to the article's talk page. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.136.124|89.8.136.124]] ([[User talk:89.8.136.124|talk]]) 13:48, 12 March 2022 (UTC) ::::Hello IP, it isw quite obvious that during the conflict, each side will only report its view (which is usually heavily distorted in favor of that side). After the conflict, the winner will rewrite the story, and dictate its vuews. In some cases, historians may look into the conflict much later, and perhaps add a more unbiased view. Depending on the strength of pressure groups, there may be topic bans on certain subjects. I currently do not know if we can have an unbiased view on both world wars, the vietnam war, or other conflicts of the 20th/21st century. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 07:41, 11 December 2022 (UTC) == Recruiting of foreign soldiers == I have not yet seen interesting estimates by okay sources.--It would maybe be preferable if we found an okay source that gives estimates about the non-Ukrainian component of those fighting for Ukraine, and the non-Russian component of those fighting for Russia. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.136.124|89.8.136.124]] ([[User talk:89.8.136.124|talk]]) 13:56, 12 March 2022 (UTC) :@ IP from Norway: Of course, you are right. But let me make a linguistic digression to enlighten you a bit (though I am not a native speaker). You sentence can be rephrased to be more grammatical and natural: :''It '''might''' be preferable if we found a '''good''' source (...)''. :Regards from Poland :-) [[Special:Contributions/85.193.252.19|85.193.252.19]] ([[User talk:85.193.252.19|talk]]) 13:14, 18 March 2022 (UTC) ::Could https://www.foxnews.com/world/foreign-volunteers-ukrainian-citizenship-fight-russia-govt be good? [[User:Kolva|<span style="color: darkgreen">kolva</span>]] | [[User talk:Kolva|chat?]] 13:17, 18 March 2022 (UTC) :::My scripts say that it's not a great source and is highlighting it with orange, fox is known to be a little biased. <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:darkgreen;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]</sub> 13:19, 18 March 2022 (UTC) :::how about https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/foreign-fighters-ukraine-await-weapons-chaos-war-83452681 but its reaching a little [[User:Kolva|<span style="color: darkgreen">kolva</span>]] | [[User talk:Kolva|chat?]] 13:19, 18 March 2022 (UTC) ::::This looks better. Also, the comments are hilarious. <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:darkgreen;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]</sub> 13:22, 18 March 2022 (UTC) :::::Your last word (at 13:22 today) stands in contrast to four words: Mariupol Theatre Air Strike.--One still has good faith in your edits. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.157.238|89.8.157.238]] ([[User talk:89.8.157.238|talk]]) 17:04, 18 March 2022 (UTC) ::::::Sorry? I don't understand. <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:darkgreen;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]</sub> 17:08, 18 March 2022 (UTC) ::::Thanks, user:Kolva. I have used the source, (but not because of the numbers).--I am guessing that the sources we need, are the ones which say something like: country X is one of the largest contributors of foreign soldiers or foreign [[military recruit]]s to the Ukrainian side; the numbers (from that country) already there is ...".--From my small country, I have only seen estimates of how many are ''thought'' to be ''on their way'' to Ukraine. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.157.238|89.8.157.238]] ([[User talk:89.8.157.238|talk]]) 17:44, 18 March 2022 (UTC) == Simplicity? == I am reading this and just thinking THIS IS NOT SIMPLE. Can someone more experienced (I keep hearing the name [[User:MrMeAndMrMe|MrMeAndMrMe]] so maybe you?) [Unsigned edit by [[user:JacobTheRox]].] :Please give an example of something that is "not simple, of the highest degree". [[Special:Contributions/89.8.92.4|89.8.92.4]] ([[User talk:89.8.92.4|talk]]) 19:50, 30 May 2022 (UTC) == Moved to discussion (before anyone takes the info to a new article) == *"*[[Baykar Bayraktar TB2|Bayraktar TB2]], combat unmanned aerial vehicles against Russian troops. In January prior to the invasion, the spokesperson for the air force command Lt. Col. Yuri Ignat confirmed that "Ukraine has approximately 20 Bayraktar drones".<ref>{{cite web |author1=David Axe |title=Ukraine Reportedly Has 20 TB-2 Drones. They Might Not Matter In A Wider War With Russia. |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2022/02/08/ukraines-got-20-tb-2-drones-it-might-not-matter-in-a-wider-war-with-russia/?sh=3b6c3bce353f |website=Forbes.com |accessdate=4 March 2022 |date=2022-02-08}}</ref> On February 24, the day of invasion, the [[Russian separatist forces in Donbas|People's Militia of the Luhansk People’s Republic]] claimed it shot down two TB2 drones near the city of Luhansk.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ukraine’s Turkish-made Bayraktar drones shot down – Russia |url=https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/30315-ukraines-turkish-made-bayraktar-drones-shot-down-russia|date=24 February 2022|website=Aero Time Hub}}</ref> On February 27, the Ukraine’s air force confirmed two strikes by TB2 on Russian convoys in the [[Kherson]] and [[Zhytomyr]] regions.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ukraine credits Turkish drones with eviscerating Russian tanks and armor in their first use in a major conflict |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-hypes-bayraktar-drone-as-videos-show-destroyed-russia-tanks-2022-2|date=28 February 2022 |website=Business Insider}}</ref> According to video footage released by the armed forces, TB2 drones destroyed several Russian military vehicles including surface-to-air missile systems.<ref>{{cite web|title= Ukraine’s Secret Weapon Against Russia: Turkish Drones |url= https://time.com/6153197/ukraine-russia-turkish-drones-bayraktar/?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=editorial&utm_term=world_ukraine&linkId=154639902 |date=1 March 2022 |website=Time}}</ref> The drone also reportedly destroyed two Russian fuel trains.<ref>{{cite web |title=A cheap drone is giving Ukraine’s military an edge against Russia|url=https://qz.com/2135820/the-cheap-tb2-drone-gives-ukraine-an-edge-against-russia/|date=3 March 2022|website=Quartz}}</ref><!-- The chief of Ukraine’s air force Lt. Gen. Mykola Oleshchuk called the UAV system "life-giving".--><ref>{{cite web|title=Ukraine Says It Used Turkish-Made Drones to Hit Russian Targets |url=https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/russia-ukraine-latest-news-2022-02-26/card/ukraine-says-it-uses-turkish-made-drones-to-hit-russian-targets-DrigGO7vkGfDzbBuncnA|date=27 February 2022|website=Wall Street Journal}}</ref> On March 2, Ukrainian defense minister [[Oleksii Reznikov]] announced the arrival of additional TB2 drones.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ukraine receives new batch of Bayraktar TB-2 drones from Turkey|url=https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/30352-ukraine-says-it-received-new-batch-of-bayraktars-from-turkey|date=2 March 2022|website=Aero Time Hub}}</ref>" ==Is "More Russian soldiers" (, written somewhat) out of ''clear'' context?== "More Russian soldiers came to the Donbas region of eastern Ukraine on 21 February 2022."--Comment: there is no mention of Russian '''soldiers''', before that part of the (lede, of) the article.--Maybe something is needed earlier in the article: extra information? Clarification? [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:327:8F43:6406:53C1:170F:E2AC|2001:2020:327:8F43:6406:53C1:170F:E2AC]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:327:8F43:6406:53C1:170F:E2AC|talk]]) 15:35, 4 June 2023 (UTC) ===Sources=== {{reflist}}<!-- Template:Unsigned --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:89.8.170.28|89.8.170.28]] ([[User talk:89.8.170.28#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/89.8.170.28|contribs]]) 08:40, 1 June 2022 (UTC)</small> == Attribution == Regarding edit at 21.44 today: in part the text came from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermobaric_weapon. [[Special:Contributions/89.8.146.17|89.8.146.17]] ([[User talk:89.8.146.17|talk]]) 21:49, 1 June 2022 (UTC) == Half-truth? == *"Russia supported the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic in the '''days''' before the invasion". [[Special:Contributions/89.8.146.17|89.8.146.17]] ([[User talk:89.8.146.17|talk]]) 21:53, 1 June 2022 (UTC) == Sections that (have the most hurt, or) are hurting the most? == Which three sections are strong candidates for needing much added text (or many added points)? [[Special:Contributions/46.15.84.92|46.15.84.92]] ([[User talk:46.15.84.92|talk]]) 07:12, 11 December 2022 (UTC) == Notice on privacy == Hello all, thank you for taking interest in this subject. I know that there are laws in Russia that put sanctions on people expressing certain opinions on this conflict. Likely there are similar restrictions in Ukraine. I would therefore advise anyone editing the page (or this talk page) to use their Wikipedia account. If you edit as an IP, it is easy to check where the IP is from, for pretty much anyone. If you edit as a logged-in user, this information is private, and there are restrictions on revealing it, on those who can see it (so-called Checkusers) So for your own protection, do not edit this as an IP. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 07:51, 11 December 2022 (UTC) == References 170 error == Number 170 reference is displaying an error. Can someone correct this? [[User:Adamdaley|Adamdaley]] ([[User talk:Adamdaley|talk]]) 22:28, 4 January 2023 (UTC) :{{done}} — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 22:33, 4 January 2023 (UTC) == Good enough English (or maybe not) == " said "credible reports '''that''' Russian soldiers are currently holding the staff of the Chernobyl facilities hostage."'"--I am not sure how to (tweek) or fix the sentence/period. [[Special:Contributions/46.15.3.112|46.15.3.112]] ([[User talk:46.15.3.112|talk]]) 02:50, 6 January 2023 (UTC) :{{done}} I have simplified it to be more easily understandable and fixed a grammar issue involving it. '''[[User:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#db3131";>Inferno</span><span style="color:#333acc";>Gaming46</span>]] ([[User:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#db3131";>IG</span><span style="color:#333acc";>46</span>]])''' <small> '''([[User talk:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#9319bf";>talk</span>]] / [[Special:Contributions/InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#118b94";>changes</span>]])''' </small> 03:11, 6 January 2023 (UTC) == For the IP user that's updating this article == Can you please try to avoid excessive use of brackets, ellipses, quotes, and semicolons? Instead of using semicolons, it's better to split up the sentences. [[User:Lights and freedom|Lights and freedom]] ([[User talk:Lights and freedom|talk]]) 19:21, 20 March 2023 (UTC) == The title at En-wiki is now "Russian invasion of Ukraine" == [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]]?<br>Should Simple-wiki also change its title? That would be fine by me. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:327:8F43:F9CB:320F:7113:8479|2001:2020:327:8F43:F9CB:320F:7113:8479]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:327:8F43:F9CB:320F:7113:8479|talk]]) 02:34, 4 June 2023 (UTC) :A simple move will do it. '''[[User:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#d60270";>I</span><span style="color:#cf0076";>n</span><span style="color:#c8007c";>f</span><span style="color:#c00082";>e</span><span style="color:#b70688";>r</span><span style="color:#ae0f8d";>n</span><span style="color:#a31692";>o</span><span style="color:#981d97";>G</span><span style="color:#8c229b";>a</span><span style="color:#7e279f";>m</span><span style="color:#702ca2";>i</span><span style="color:#5f30a4";>n</span><span style="color:#4c33a6";>g</span><span style="color:#3436a7";>4</span><span style="color:#0038a8";>6</span>]] ([[User:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#d60270";>I</span><span style="color:#9b4f96";>G</span><span style="color:#0038a8";>46</span>]])''' <small> '''([[User talk:InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#9319bf";>talk</span>]] / [[Special:Contributions/InfernoGaming46|<span style="color:#118b94";>changes</span>]])''' </small> 02:39, 4 June 2023 (UTC) == Source (for different things) == 2024, in July; drone attack at aircraft parked at [[Olenya]] (military base); Source,https://www.kyivpost.com/post/36690.--Text is under construction. [[Special:Contributions/80.67.37.2|80.67.37.2]] ([[User talk:80.67.37.2|talk]]) 11:56, 1 August 2024 (UTC) == Weapons of the F-16 airplane == The [[F-16|fighter (airplane]], not helicopter), is likely to have these weapons, <br><br> AGM-88 HARM anti-radar air-to-surface missiles<br> JDAM extended-range guided bombs<br> SDB<br> AIM-120 AMRAAM active radar missiles +<br> AIM-9X infrared (IR) missiles "as standard" anti-aircraft.<br> <br><br> Source (as of today in 2024),<br><br> https://www.kyivpost.com/post/36744<br>, and some of that will find its way into the wiki-article. [[Special:Contributions/80.67.37.2|80.67.37.2]] ([[User talk:80.67.37.2|talk]]) 10:31, 2 August 2024 (UTC) == "Use of long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia" == [[Use of long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia]].--Not in the article yet. (En-wiki has an article, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_of_long-range_weapons_by_Ukraine_in_Russia . [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:351:E9CE:CC1E:BF38:BBA2:C81|2001:2020:351:E9CE:CC1E:BF38:BBA2:C81]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:351:E9CE:CC1E:BF38:BBA2:C81|talk]]) 05:05, 19 November 2024 (UTC) == 2020s controversies cat == {{re|MrMeAndMrMe|Anatole-berthe}} pinging both parties. War by its nature is controversial - it's noted at the top of this page, and the enwiki article also is categorised in the same fashion as both a controversy and a conflict of the 2020s. We don't necessarily have to folllow enwp articles' way of doing things but I'm a bit confused by this revert. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:03, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :Thanks you for your question about the "{{Diff|Russian invasion of Ukraine|prev|10366890|changes}}" by @[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|MrMeAndMrMe]] and "{{Diff|Russian invasion of Ukraine|next|10366890|mine}}" ! <br /> <br /> :If you read the content of the category. "[https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2020s_controversies]". :I see things that are less serious than a war even if the articles in this category are about controversials topics. <br /> <br /> :Concerning the article in common English , it is categorised in "[[:en:Category:2020s controversies]]". :MrMeAndMrMe , put it in the equivalent category on '''"Wikipedia in Simple English "'''[https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2020s_controversies]". <br /> :I didn't knew the existence of this category on any Wikipedia before the revert. <br /> <br /> :You said that we can read that this is a controversial topic at the top page of both articles. :Concerning '''"Wikipedia in Simple English"''' , is this ''"This article is about a current event. Information about this event may change quickly. Please refer to your local news service to get the most recent information about the event."'' ? :<br /> :Concerning '''"Wikipedia in Common English"''' , is this ''"This article is about the conflict that escalated in 2022. For other invasions that took place on the territory of Ukraine, see List of invasions and occupations of Ukraine."'' ? <br /> <br /> :You said '''"We don't necessarily have to folllow enwp articles [...]"''' , I agree with you. :Now , I let express any changers '''(editors if you prefer this word)''' to express themselves concerning the revert if they want. [[User:Anatole-berthe|Anatole-berthe]] ([[User talk:Anatole-berthe|talk]]) 23:48, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for the ping, Ferien. @[[User:Anatole-berthe|Anatole-berthe]] While conflicts generally do not fall under the category controversies, The Russian Invasion of Ukraine was especially contentious for its time. However, nearly every war is controversial, and there are already articles for arguments against the war in Ukraine, and so I don‘t think the category is necessary in this instance. Thank you for bringing this to my attentiob by reverting my edit. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 03:11, 3 July 2025 (UTC) :::Thanks for your answer ! When you said '''"The Russian Invasion of Ukraine was especially contentious for its time"'''. :::It is controversial for which reasons ? Controversial is a word with many meaning. <br /> <br /> :::I think that you're mentionning indirectly the differences between '''"pro-Russian narrative"''' and '''"pro-Ukrainian narrative"''' but I'm not certain that I did rightly understood. [[User:Anatole-berthe|Anatole-berthe]] ([[User talk:Anatole-berthe|talk]]) 03:31, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Anatole-berthe|Anatole-berthe]] for example, in the english wikipedia, there are 24 articles directly or indirectly related to protests for or against the Russian Invasion of Ukraine. There is also the overarching article Protests against the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and the fact that this talk page has [[Template:Controversial]] on it. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span><sub>[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sub> 10:23, 3 July 2025 (UTC) tojxycgvomst7m9881ss9p928fhe3r9 0 912705 10368142 10364910 2025-07-02T19:38:37Z 2A02:C7C:A6B1:AA00:5432:EA1F:3B0B:EF72 Bluey is a cowgirl 10368142 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = File:TV_logo_for_Bluey.png | company = British Broadcasting Corporation | network = [[Disney Channel]] (Seasons 1-2), [[Disney Junior]] (Season 3) | country = [[Australia]] | language = English | num_seasons = 3 (aired) | num_episodes = 154 }} '''''Bluey''''' is an Australian children's television series created by [[Joe Brumm]]. It was first aired on on October 1, 2018. The show is available on ABC Kids in Australia. It was distributed by the BBC. In the USA, the show is on [[Disney Junior]]. The show features a cheerful dog named Bluey, who plays with her little sister, Bingo and their parents: Bandit and Chilli. Other people are different breeds of dogs too: like Nana, Bob, Rad, Stripe, Trixie, Muffin, and Socks. Bluey's friends are all dogs as well. The show has a high audience in Australia on television and on online platforms. These include a Logie and International Emmy Award. == Characters == All of the children's voices are done by children of the people who make the series.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://tvtonight.com.au/2018/09/airdate-bluey.html | title=Airdate: Bluey &#124; TV Tonight }}</ref> Famous celebrities have also voiced characters, like [[Anthony Field]] and [[Lin-Manuel Miranda]].<ref>“Stories.” ''Bluey'', season 3, episode 28.</ref> ===Main=== {{Infobox character | name = Bluey Heeler | series = Bluey | first = Magic Xylophone | species = [[Dog]] | gender = Female | family = Heelers | relatives = Bingo (younger sister)<br>Bandit (father)<br>Chilli (mother) | nationality = [[Australia]] }} * Bluey Heeler is a sweet 7-year-old Blue Heeler who likes to invent all sorts of games. She pretends to be a grown-up. She likes to play with her family and friends. * Bingo Heeler is a 5-year-old Red Heeler. She likes to see things - including bugs. Although she is more sensitive than her older sister Bluey (a Blue Heeler who can play). * Bandit Heeler (Voiced by [[David McCormack]]) is the father of Bluey and Bingo. He works as an archaeologist. He plays football with his friends. He often spends time playing games with Bluey and Bingo. * Chilli Heeler (Voiced by [[Melanie Zanetti]]) is the mother of Bluey and Bingo. She works in airport security. She sure can play hockey. She likes dancing and listening to music. She is married to her husband Bandit. She is good at playing games with all of the girls. ===Supporting=== * Muffin Heeler is Bluey and Bingo's 4-year-old cousin. She is very loud and energetic. She is also Stripe and Trixie's daughter, Socks' older sister, Radley, Bandit, and Chili's niece, Bob's granddaughter, and Chris' third oldest granddaughter. * Socks Heeler is Bluey and Bingo's 2-year-old cousin, and Muffin's younger sister. She is still learning to walk on two legs and talk. She is also Stripe and Trixie's daughter, Radley, Bandit, and Chilli's niece, Bob's granddaughter, and Chris' youngest granddaughter. * Chloe, a white [[Dalmatian (dog)|Dalmatian]] with black spots who is one of Bluey's best friends. * Lucky, a golden [[Labrador Retriever]] who is Bluey's next-door neighbor. He loves to play sports with his father, Pat. * Honey, a [[beagle]] who is Bluey's friend. She is very shy, and she needs encouragement to fully participate. She knows how to make her friends laugh. * Mackenzie, a [[Border Collie]] who is Bluey's close friend from school, and New Zealand. * Coco, a [[pink]] [[poodle]] who is Bluey's friend. She is sometimes kind of impatient when playing games. * Snickers, a [[dachshund]]. He has an interest in being a news reporter. * Judo is a chow chow who is Bluey's friend. She is very perky and vain. She has a center for attention. * Jack, a [[Jack Russell Terrier]] with attention deficit issues ([[Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder|ADHD]]). * Rusty, a Red Kelpie, whose father is in the army. He loves to play cricket. * Indy, an [[Afghan Hound]]. She is super creative. * The Terriers, 3 [[Miniature Schnauzer]] brothers. * Uncle Stripe Heeler, Bandit's younger brother and the father of Muffin and Socks. He loves to dance just like his brother Bandit. He is voiced by Dan Brumm.<ref name="dogdays">{{cite web|url=https://www.thesaturdaypaper.com.au/culture/television/2020/04/11/bluey-creator-joe-brumms-dog-days/15865272009678 |title=''Bluey'' creator Joe Brumm's dog days|last=Dow |first=Steve |work=[[The Saturday Paper]]|publisher=[[Schwartz Publishing]]|date=11 April 2020|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410161300/https://www.thesaturdaypaper.com.au/culture/television/2020/04/11/bluey-creator-joe-brumms-dog-days/15865272009678| archive-date=10 April 2020| url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> * Aunt Trixie Heeler, Uncle Stripe's wife and the mother of Muffin and Socks. She loves to play hockey with Chilli. She is voiced by [[Myf Warhurst]].<ref name="series2production"/> ** Warhurst also voices Indy's Mum, an Afghan Hound who sells organic baked goods at the market.<ref>{{cite episode|season=1| title=[[List of Bluey episodes#ep20|Markets]]|series=Bluey|series-link=Bluey (2018 TV series)|credits=Writer: Joe Brumm|network=ABC Kids|airdate=20 October 2018}}</ref> * Mrs. Retriever, a [[Golden Retriever]] and Bingo's kindergarten teacher. She is voiced by Ann Kerr.<ref>{{cite episode|season=1|title=[[List of Bluey episodes#ep12|Bob Bilby]]|series=Bluey|series-link=Bluey (2018 TV series)|credits=Writer: Joe Brumm|network=ABC Kids|airdate=12 October 2018}}</ref> *Calypso, a Blue Merle [[Australian Shepherd]] and Bluey and her friends' school teacher. She is voiced by [[Megan Washington]]. * Pat, a [[Labrador Retriever]] and Lucky's father, who lives next door to the Heelers. He is voiced by Brad Elliot. * Chris Heeler, Bandit and Stripe's mother, and grandmother to their children. She never says no to a challenge. She is voiced by Chris Brumm.<ref name="20thingsdidnt">{{cite web|url=https://www.kidspot.com.au/lifestyle/entertainment/books-tv-and-movies/20-things-you-didnt-know-about-bluey/news-story/de9bbf0ec7764ba07ae56016f9ae6e04 |title= 20 things you didn't know about ''Bluey''|last=Agostino |first=Josephine |work=Kidspot|date=17 April 2020|access-date=22 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823222556/https://www.kidspot.com.au/lifestyle/entertainment/books-tv-and-movies/20-things-you-didnt-know-about-bluey/news-story/de9bbf0ec7764ba07ae56016f9ae6e04?nk=ef94d5aaae9ed29fa3bff1610832f5d5-1598101295| archive-date=23 August 2020| url-status=live}}</ref> * Bob Heeler, Bandit and Stripe's father, and grandfather to their children. He is also Chris' husband, Radley's father, Chilli and Trixie's father-in-law, and possibly Mary's brother. He is voiced by [[Ian McFadyen]].<ref>{{cite episode|season=1|title=[[List of Bluey episodes#ep28|Grannies]]|series=Bluey|series-link=Bluey (2018 TV series)|credits=Writer: Joe Brumm|network=ABC Kids|airdate=2 April 2019}}</ref> * [[Sam Simmons (comedian)|Sam Simmons]] voices the younger version of Bob.<ref name="s3aguests"/><ref name="fairytale">{{cite episode|season=3|title=[[List of Bluey episodes#ep130|Fairytale]]|series=Bluey|series-link=Bluey (2018 TV series)|credits=Writer: Joe Brumm|network=ABC Kids|airdate=16 December 2021}}</ref> * Uncle Rad Heeler, Bandit and Stripe's brother, a cross between a Red and Blue Heeler. He works on an oil rig. He is also Bob's son, Chris' oldest son, Chilli and Trixie's brother-in-law, and Bluey, Bingo, Muffin, and Socks' uncle. He got married to Frisky in "The Sign". He is voiced by [[Patrick Brammall]].<ref name="christmasswim">{{cite episode|season=2|title=[[List of Bluey episodes#ep103|Christmas Swim]]|series=Bluey|series-link=Bluey (2018 TV series)|credits=Writer: Joe Brumm|network=ABC Kids|airdate=1 December 2020}}</ref> * Frisky, Bluey's godmother and aunt, voiced by [[Claudia O'Doherty]]<ref name="christmasswim"/> * Mort, Chilli's father and Bluey and Bingo's grandfather. He is voiced by Laurie Newman<ref>{{cite episode|season=2|title=[[List of Bluey episodes#ep79|Grandad]]|series=Bluey|series-link=Bluey (2018 TV series)|credits=Writer: Joe Brumm|network=ABC Kids|airdate=25 October 2020}}</ref> * Wendy, a [[Chow Chow]]. She is Judo's mother, who lives next door to all of the Heelers. She is voiced by Beth Durack in series 1–2 and [[Emily Taheny]] in series 3. * Brandy, Chilli's older sister. She is voiced by Rose Byrne. == Episodes == ===Season 1=== #The Magic Xylophone - This is the first appearance of Bluey (a six-year-old light blue, blue, dark blue, and tan Blue Heeler), Bingo (Bluey's orange, dark orange and cream younger sister), Bandit (Bluey's blue, light blue, tan and black father), Chilli (Bluey's cream, light orange and brown mother), and Chloe's Mum (Chloe's white and black mother). #Hospital #Keepy Uppy - This is the first appearace of Lucky (a yellow and light yellow Labrador Retriever) and Pat (Lucky's yellow and light yellow father). #Daddy Robot #Shadowlands - This is the first appearance of Coco (a pink and light pink poodle), Snickers (a black and brown dachshund), Bella (Coco's pink and dark pink mother), and Snickers' Mum (Snickers' brown, honey brown and light brown mother). #The Weekend #BBQ - This is the first appearance of Muffin (Bluey's white, light gray, gray, and dark gray cousin), Socks (Bluey's blue, light blue, very dark blue, light tan, white, brown and dark brown cousin), Stripe (Bluey's blue, light blue, very dark blue, brown and dark brown uncle and Bandit's brother), and Trixie (Bluey's bluish white aunt). #Fruitbat - This is the first appearance of Mackenzie (a black and white Border Collie), Rocko (a white, brown and dark brown Basset Hound), and Mackenzie's Dad (Mackenzie's black, grey and white father). #Horsey Ride #Hotel #Bike - This is the first appearance of Bentley (a white and brown Cavalier King Charles Spaniel) and Chloe (a white Dalmatian). #Bob Bilby - This is the first appearance of Mrs. Retriever (a tan and light tan Golden Retriever), Missy (a black, brown, dark brown and light brown Shih Tzu), Buddy (a brown, light brown and tan Pug), Juniper (a purple, pink, brown and light brown Shiba Inu), Juniper's Mum (Juniper's pink, purple, white and beige mother), Harley (a black, grey and white Japanise Akita), Jasper W (a black and brown Rottweiler), Jasper G (a black and brown Doberman), and Sadie (a gray, white, and pink Siberian Husky). #Spy Game - This is the first appearance of Honey (a white, honey, dark honey and brown Beagle), Frank (Chloe's white and black father), Marcus (Honey's white, honey, dark honey and brown father), Daisy (Honey's white, honey, dark honey and brown mother), and Mackenzie's Mum (Mackenzie's brown, white and grey mother). #Takeaway - This is the first appearance of Takeaway Lady (a white and grey Siberian Husky). #Butterflies - This is the first appearance of Judo (a white, grey and beige Chow Chow). #Yoga Ball #Calypso - This is the first appearance of Calypso (an orange, gray, and white Australian Shepherd), Pretzel (a brown, dark brown, light brown and beige Chihuahua), Indy (an orange, tan and cream Afghan Hound), Rusty (a red and tan Red Kelpie), and The Terriers (black, dark grey, grey and white Scottish Terriers). #The Doctor #The Claw #Markets - This is the first appearance of Indy's Mum (Indy's dark tan, tan and cream mother), Surfer (a white, tan and dark brown Rough Collie), Winton (a white, brown and dark brown English Bulldog), Cornelius (Winton's white, brown, dark brown and light brown father), Gruber (a brown, light brown, pinkish-brown and black German Shepherd), Gruber's Dad (Gruber's brown, light brown, black and brownish-pink father), Customer 2 (an orange, white and light brown Basenji), Busker (a dark orange, orange, light orange, dark brown, brown and light brown Irish Terrier), Pony Lady (a brown, light brown and dark brown Cockapoo), and Poffertje Dog (a brown, white, grey and pink Kooikerhondje). #Blue Mountains #The Pool #Shops #Wagon Ride #Taxi #The Beach #Pirates #Grannies - This is the first appearance of Bob (Bluey's white, grey, dark grey, black and brown grandfather and Bandit's father) and Chris (Bluey's blue, light blue and very dark blue grandmother and Bandit's mother). #The Creek #Fairies - This is the first appearance of Wendy (Judo's beige mother) and Zara (Bentley's black, brown and white sister). #Work #Bumpy and the Wise Old Wolfhound - This is the first appearance of Doctor (a black, grey and light grey Terrier) and Nurse (a white, bluish grey, dark grey and pink Greyhound). #Trampoline #The Dump #Zoo #Backpackers #The Adventure #Copycat - This is the first appearance of Vet Corgi (a cream, tan and pink Pembroke Welsh Corgi). #The Sleepover #Early Baby #Mums and Dads #Hide and Seek #Camping - This is the first appearance of Jean-Luc (a bluish-black Labrador), Jean-Luc's Dad (Jean-Luc's bluish-black and light bluish-black father), and Jean-Luc's Mum (Jean-Luc's bluish-black mother). #Mount Mumandad #Kids - This is the first appearance of Docket Boy (a brown, light brown, dark brown and whitish-brown Catahoula Leopard Dog), Customer (a brown, dark brown, white, grey and pink Siberian Husky), and Checkout Lady (a purple Poodle). #Chickenrat #Neighbours #Teasing #Shaun #Asparagus #Daddy Putdown #Verandah Santa ===Season 2=== #Dance Mode - This is the first appearance of Postie (a dark brown, brown, light brown and beige Catahoula Leopard Dog) and Customer 3 (a grey, dark grey and white Whippet). #Hammerbarn - This is the first appearance of Employee (a cream and tan Labrador) and Checkout Dog (a cream Maremma Sheepdog). #Featherwand #Squash #Hairdressers #Stumpfest #Favourite Thing #Daddy Dropoff - This is the first appearance of Lila (a white Maltese) and Sheila (Lila's white mother). #Bingo #Rug Island #Charades #Sticky Gecko #Dad Baby #Mum School #Trains #Army - This is the first appearance of Jack (a brown, light brown, dark brown and white Jack Russell Terrier), Jack's Mum (Jack's brown, dark brown and white mother), Jack's Dad (Jack's brown, dark brown and white father), Lulu (Jack's brown, light brown, dark brown and white sister), and Rusty's Dad (Rusty's red and tan father). #Fancy Restaurant #Piggyback #The Show #Ticklecrabs #Escape #Bus #Queens #Flat Pack #Helicopter #Sleepytime #Grandad - This is the first appearance of Mort (Bluey's light orange, brown, and light yellow grandfather and Chilli's father) and Maynard (a brown and cream Irish Wolfhound). #Seesaw - This is the first appearance of Pom Pom (a white Teacup Pomeranian) and Pom Pom's Mum (Pom Pom's white mother). #Movies #Library #Barky Boats - This is the first appearance of Mia (an orange belton and white English Setter) and Captain (a brown, dark brown, and white American Foxhound). #Burger Shop #Circus - This is the first appearance of Hercules (a white, brown, and dark brown Saint Bernard). #Swim School #Cafe - This is the first appearance of Winnie (a brown Labrador Retriever) and Fido (Winnie's brown father). #Postman #The Quiet Game - This is the first appearance of Alfie (a brown, tan & cream Dingo), Alfie's Mum (Alfie's orange and white mother), and Alfie's Boss (a brown, grey, white, black and charcoal Presa Canario). #Mr. Monkeyjocks #Double Babysitter - This is the first appearance of Radley (Bluey's light blue, light yellow, dark orange, and light orange uncle and Bandit's brother) and Frisky (Bluey's light orange, light yellow, cream, and light red godmother). #Bad Mood #Octopus #Bin Night - This is the first appearance of Doreen (a white Great Pyrenees). #Muffin Cone #Duck Cake #Handstand #Road Trip #Ice Cream - This is the first appearance of Ice Cream Lady (an orange, white, and maroon English Cocker Spaniel). #Dunny #Typewriter #Baby Race - This is the first pictured appearance of Coco's siblings (Coco's siblings in various shades of pink). #Christmas Swim #Easter ===Season 3=== #Perfect #Bedroom #Obstacle Course #Promises - This is the first appearance of Librarian (a white dog), Library Dog (a brown and tan German Pointer), and Flying Fox Kid (a black, grey, and white Shichon). #Omelette #Born Yesterday - This is the first appearance of Yoga Instructor (a tan and brown Saluki). #Mini Bluey #Unicorse #Curry Quest #Magic #Sheepdog #Chest #Housework #Pass the Parcel - This is the first appearance of Chucky (Lucky's golden yellow and light yellow brother), Janelle (Lucky's cream mother), and Lila's Brother (Lila's white brother). #Explorers #Phones #Pavlova #Rain #Pizza Girls #Driving #Tina #Whale Watching #Family Meeting #Faceytalk #Ragdoll #Fairytale #Musical Statues #Stories #Puppets #Turtleboy #Onesies #Tradies #Granny Mobile #Space #Smoochy Kiss #Dirt #The Decider #Cubby #Exercise #Relax #Stickbird #Show and Tell #Dragon #Wild Girls #TV Shop #Slide #Cricket #Ghostbasket #The Sign #Suprise! #Wide Awake #Moving Out ===Season 4=== #It's Finished! #Bog Roll Roll #Ferekh #Hospital Visit #Getting Better #Coming Home #Tooth Scary #Heeler Ageddon #Bad Computer #Coat #Cowgirl Bluey #Robo-Chilli #New Baby #Rotten Bingo #Lucky's Really Rare Rose #Anxiety #Delivery Bluey #Home Alone #No More Fight Without Bluey == References == {{reflist|refs= <ref name="series2production">{{cite web|url=https://www.perthnow.com.au/entertainment/tv/fun-tales-abc-kids-series-bluey-lapped-up-ng-b881147160z|title=Fun tales ABC Kids series ''Bluey'' lapped up|work=[[PerthNow]]|publisher=[[Seven West Media]]|last=Collins|first=Simon|date=26 March 2019|access-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326134315/https://www.perthnow.com.au/entertainment/tv/fun-tales-abc-kids-series-bluey-lapped-up-ng-b881147160z| archive-date=26 March 2019| url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="s3aguests">{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-11-22/bluey-season-three-episodes-how-to-watch/100620428 |title=New ''Bluey'' episodes are out this week. Here's when and where to watch season three|work=ABC News|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|date=22 November 2021|access-date=24 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123110043/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-11-22/bluey-season-three-episodes-how-to-watch/100620428| archive-date=23 November 2021| url-status=live}}</ref> }} {{authority control}} [[Category:2010s children's television series]] [[Category:2010s animated television series]] [[Category:Australian television series]] 33niy6kihwiq90ofiumjuk7x31mlvjy 10368555 10368142 2025-07-03T00:17:26Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 Typo: duplication 10368555 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = File:TV_logo_for_Bluey.png | company = British Broadcasting Corporation | network = [[Disney Channel]] (Seasons 1-2), [[Disney Junior]] (Season 3) | country = [[Australia]] | language = English | num_seasons = 3 (aired) | num_episodes = 154 }} '''''Bluey''''' is an Australian children's television series created by [[Joe Brumm]]. It was first aired on October 1, 2018. The show is available on ABC Kids in Australia. It was distributed by the BBC. In the USA, the show is on [[Disney Junior]]. The show features a cheerful dog named Bluey, who plays with her little sister, Bingo and their parents: Bandit and Chilli. Other people are different breeds of dogs too: like Nana, Bob, Rad, Stripe, Trixie, Muffin, and Socks. Bluey's friends are all dogs as well. The show has a high audience in Australia on television and on online platforms. These include a Logie and International Emmy Award. == Characters == All of the children's voices are done by children of the people who make the series.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://tvtonight.com.au/2018/09/airdate-bluey.html | title=Airdate: Bluey &#124; TV Tonight }}</ref> Famous celebrities have also voiced characters, like [[Anthony Field]] and [[Lin-Manuel Miranda]].<ref>“Stories.” ''Bluey'', season 3, episode 28.</ref> ===Main=== {{Infobox character | name = Bluey Heeler | series = Bluey | first = Magic Xylophone | species = [[Dog]] | gender = Female | family = Heelers | relatives = Bingo (younger sister)<br>Bandit (father)<br>Chilli (mother) | nationality = [[Australia]] }} * Bluey Heeler is a sweet 7-year-old Blue Heeler who likes to invent all sorts of games. She pretends to be a grown-up. She likes to play with her family and friends. * Bingo Heeler is a 5-year-old Red Heeler. She likes to see things - including bugs. Although she is more sensitive than her older sister Bluey (a Blue Heeler who can play). * Bandit Heeler (Voiced by [[David McCormack]]) is the father of Bluey and Bingo. He works as an archaeologist. He plays football with his friends. He often spends time playing games with Bluey and Bingo. * Chilli Heeler (Voiced by [[Melanie Zanetti]]) is the mother of Bluey and Bingo. She works in airport security. She sure can play hockey. She likes dancing and listening to music. She is married to her husband Bandit. She is good at playing games with all of the girls. ===Supporting=== * Muffin Heeler is Bluey and Bingo's 4-year-old cousin. She is very loud and energetic. She is also Stripe and Trixie's daughter, Socks' older sister, Radley, Bandit, and Chili's niece, Bob's granddaughter, and Chris' third oldest granddaughter. * Socks Heeler is Bluey and Bingo's 2-year-old cousin, and Muffin's younger sister. She is still learning to walk on two legs and talk. She is also Stripe and Trixie's daughter, Radley, Bandit, and Chilli's niece, Bob's granddaughter, and Chris' youngest granddaughter. * Chloe, a white [[Dalmatian (dog)|Dalmatian]] with black spots who is one of Bluey's best friends. * Lucky, a golden [[Labrador Retriever]] who is Bluey's next-door neighbor. He loves to play sports with his father, Pat. * Honey, a [[beagle]] who is Bluey's friend. She is very shy, and she needs encouragement to fully participate. She knows how to make her friends laugh. * Mackenzie, a [[Border Collie]] who is Bluey's close friend from school, and New Zealand. * Coco, a [[pink]] [[poodle]] who is Bluey's friend. She is sometimes kind of impatient when playing games. * Snickers, a [[dachshund]]. He has an interest in being a news reporter. * Judo is a chow chow who is Bluey's friend. She is very perky and vain. She has a center for attention. * Jack, a [[Jack Russell Terrier]] with attention deficit issues ([[Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder|ADHD]]). * Rusty, a Red Kelpie, whose father is in the army. He loves to play cricket. * Indy, an [[Afghan Hound]]. She is super creative. * The Terriers, 3 [[Miniature Schnauzer]] brothers. * Uncle Stripe Heeler, Bandit's younger brother and the father of Muffin and Socks. He loves to dance just like his brother Bandit. He is voiced by Dan Brumm.<ref name="dogdays">{{cite web|url=https://www.thesaturdaypaper.com.au/culture/television/2020/04/11/bluey-creator-joe-brumms-dog-days/15865272009678 |title=''Bluey'' creator Joe Brumm's dog days|last=Dow |first=Steve |work=[[The Saturday Paper]]|publisher=[[Schwartz Publishing]]|date=11 April 2020|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410161300/https://www.thesaturdaypaper.com.au/culture/television/2020/04/11/bluey-creator-joe-brumms-dog-days/15865272009678| archive-date=10 April 2020| url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> * Aunt Trixie Heeler, Uncle Stripe's wife and the mother of Muffin and Socks. She loves to play hockey with Chilli. She is voiced by [[Myf Warhurst]].<ref name="series2production"/> ** Warhurst also voices Indy's Mum, an Afghan Hound who sells organic baked goods at the market.<ref>{{cite episode|season=1| title=[[List of Bluey episodes#ep20|Markets]]|series=Bluey|series-link=Bluey (2018 TV series)|credits=Writer: Joe Brumm|network=ABC Kids|airdate=20 October 2018}}</ref> * Mrs. Retriever, a [[Golden Retriever]] and Bingo's kindergarten teacher. She is voiced by Ann Kerr.<ref>{{cite episode|season=1|title=[[List of Bluey episodes#ep12|Bob Bilby]]|series=Bluey|series-link=Bluey (2018 TV series)|credits=Writer: Joe Brumm|network=ABC Kids|airdate=12 October 2018}}</ref> *Calypso, a Blue Merle [[Australian Shepherd]] and Bluey and her friends' school teacher. She is voiced by [[Megan Washington]]. * Pat, a [[Labrador Retriever]] and Lucky's father, who lives next door to the Heelers. He is voiced by Brad Elliot. * Chris Heeler, Bandit and Stripe's mother, and grandmother to their children. She never says no to a challenge. She is voiced by Chris Brumm.<ref name="20thingsdidnt">{{cite web|url=https://www.kidspot.com.au/lifestyle/entertainment/books-tv-and-movies/20-things-you-didnt-know-about-bluey/news-story/de9bbf0ec7764ba07ae56016f9ae6e04 |title= 20 things you didn't know about ''Bluey''|last=Agostino |first=Josephine |work=Kidspot|date=17 April 2020|access-date=22 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823222556/https://www.kidspot.com.au/lifestyle/entertainment/books-tv-and-movies/20-things-you-didnt-know-about-bluey/news-story/de9bbf0ec7764ba07ae56016f9ae6e04?nk=ef94d5aaae9ed29fa3bff1610832f5d5-1598101295| archive-date=23 August 2020| url-status=live}}</ref> * Bob Heeler, Bandit and Stripe's father, and grandfather to their children. He is also Chris' husband, Radley's father, Chilli and Trixie's father-in-law, and possibly Mary's brother. He is voiced by [[Ian McFadyen]].<ref>{{cite episode|season=1|title=[[List of Bluey episodes#ep28|Grannies]]|series=Bluey|series-link=Bluey (2018 TV series)|credits=Writer: Joe Brumm|network=ABC Kids|airdate=2 April 2019}}</ref> * [[Sam Simmons (comedian)|Sam Simmons]] voices the younger version of Bob.<ref name="s3aguests"/><ref name="fairytale">{{cite episode|season=3|title=[[List of Bluey episodes#ep130|Fairytale]]|series=Bluey|series-link=Bluey (2018 TV series)|credits=Writer: Joe Brumm|network=ABC Kids|airdate=16 December 2021}}</ref> * Uncle Rad Heeler, Bandit and Stripe's brother, a cross between a Red and Blue Heeler. He works on an oil rig. He is also Bob's son, Chris' oldest son, Chilli and Trixie's brother-in-law, and Bluey, Bingo, Muffin, and Socks' uncle. He got married to Frisky in "The Sign". He is voiced by [[Patrick Brammall]].<ref name="christmasswim">{{cite episode|season=2|title=[[List of Bluey episodes#ep103|Christmas Swim]]|series=Bluey|series-link=Bluey (2018 TV series)|credits=Writer: Joe Brumm|network=ABC Kids|airdate=1 December 2020}}</ref> * Frisky, Bluey's godmother and aunt, voiced by [[Claudia O'Doherty]]<ref name="christmasswim"/> * Mort, Chilli's father and Bluey and Bingo's grandfather. He is voiced by Laurie Newman<ref>{{cite episode|season=2|title=[[List of Bluey episodes#ep79|Grandad]]|series=Bluey|series-link=Bluey (2018 TV series)|credits=Writer: Joe Brumm|network=ABC Kids|airdate=25 October 2020}}</ref> * Wendy, a [[Chow Chow]]. She is Judo's mother, who lives next door to all of the Heelers. She is voiced by Beth Durack in series 1–2 and [[Emily Taheny]] in series 3. * Brandy, Chilli's older sister. She is voiced by Rose Byrne. == Episodes == ===Season 1=== #The Magic Xylophone - This is the first appearance of Bluey (a six-year-old light blue, blue, dark blue, and tan Blue Heeler), Bingo (Bluey's orange, dark orange and cream younger sister), Bandit (Bluey's blue, light blue, tan and black father), Chilli (Bluey's cream, light orange and brown mother), and Chloe's Mum (Chloe's white and black mother). #Hospital #Keepy Uppy - This is the first appearace of Lucky (a yellow and light yellow Labrador Retriever) and Pat (Lucky's yellow and light yellow father). #Daddy Robot #Shadowlands - This is the first appearance of Coco (a pink and light pink poodle), Snickers (a black and brown dachshund), Bella (Coco's pink and dark pink mother), and Snickers' Mum (Snickers' brown, honey brown and light brown mother). #The Weekend #BBQ - This is the first appearance of Muffin (Bluey's white, light gray, gray, and dark gray cousin), Socks (Bluey's blue, light blue, very dark blue, light tan, white, brown and dark brown cousin), Stripe (Bluey's blue, light blue, very dark blue, brown and dark brown uncle and Bandit's brother), and Trixie (Bluey's bluish white aunt). #Fruitbat - This is the first appearance of Mackenzie (a black and white Border Collie), Rocko (a white, brown and dark brown Basset Hound), and Mackenzie's Dad (Mackenzie's black, grey and white father). #Horsey Ride #Hotel #Bike - This is the first appearance of Bentley (a white and brown Cavalier King Charles Spaniel) and Chloe (a white Dalmatian). #Bob Bilby - This is the first appearance of Mrs. Retriever (a tan and light tan Golden Retriever), Missy (a black, brown, dark brown and light brown Shih Tzu), Buddy (a brown, light brown and tan Pug), Juniper (a purple, pink, brown and light brown Shiba Inu), Juniper's Mum (Juniper's pink, purple, white and beige mother), Harley (a black, grey and white Japanise Akita), Jasper W (a black and brown Rottweiler), Jasper G (a black and brown Doberman), and Sadie (a gray, white, and pink Siberian Husky). #Spy Game - This is the first appearance of Honey (a white, honey, dark honey and brown Beagle), Frank (Chloe's white and black father), Marcus (Honey's white, honey, dark honey and brown father), Daisy (Honey's white, honey, dark honey and brown mother), and Mackenzie's Mum (Mackenzie's brown, white and grey mother). #Takeaway - This is the first appearance of Takeaway Lady (a white and grey Siberian Husky). #Butterflies - This is the first appearance of Judo (a white, grey and beige Chow Chow). #Yoga Ball #Calypso - This is the first appearance of Calypso (an orange, gray, and white Australian Shepherd), Pretzel (a brown, dark brown, light brown and beige Chihuahua), Indy (an orange, tan and cream Afghan Hound), Rusty (a red and tan Red Kelpie), and The Terriers (black, dark grey, grey and white Scottish Terriers). #The Doctor #The Claw #Markets - This is the first appearance of Indy's Mum (Indy's dark tan, tan and cream mother), Surfer (a white, tan and dark brown Rough Collie), Winton (a white, brown and dark brown English Bulldog), Cornelius (Winton's white, brown, dark brown and light brown father), Gruber (a brown, light brown, pinkish-brown and black German Shepherd), Gruber's Dad (Gruber's brown, light brown, black and brownish-pink father), Customer 2 (an orange, white and light brown Basenji), Busker (a dark orange, orange, light orange, dark brown, brown and light brown Irish Terrier), Pony Lady (a brown, light brown and dark brown Cockapoo), and Poffertje Dog (a brown, white, grey and pink Kooikerhondje). #Blue Mountains #The Pool #Shops #Wagon Ride #Taxi #The Beach #Pirates #Grannies - This is the first appearance of Bob (Bluey's white, grey, dark grey, black and brown grandfather and Bandit's father) and Chris (Bluey's blue, light blue and very dark blue grandmother and Bandit's mother). #The Creek #Fairies - This is the first appearance of Wendy (Judo's beige mother) and Zara (Bentley's black, brown and white sister). #Work #Bumpy and the Wise Old Wolfhound - This is the first appearance of Doctor (a black, grey and light grey Terrier) and Nurse (a white, bluish grey, dark grey and pink Greyhound). #Trampoline #The Dump #Zoo #Backpackers #The Adventure #Copycat - This is the first appearance of Vet Corgi (a cream, tan and pink Pembroke Welsh Corgi). #The Sleepover #Early Baby #Mums and Dads #Hide and Seek #Camping - This is the first appearance of Jean-Luc (a bluish-black Labrador), Jean-Luc's Dad (Jean-Luc's bluish-black and light bluish-black father), and Jean-Luc's Mum (Jean-Luc's bluish-black mother). #Mount Mumandad #Kids - This is the first appearance of Docket Boy (a brown, light brown, dark brown and whitish-brown Catahoula Leopard Dog), Customer (a brown, dark brown, white, grey and pink Siberian Husky), and Checkout Lady (a purple Poodle). #Chickenrat #Neighbours #Teasing #Shaun #Asparagus #Daddy Putdown #Verandah Santa ===Season 2=== #Dance Mode - This is the first appearance of Postie (a dark brown, brown, light brown and beige Catahoula Leopard Dog) and Customer 3 (a grey, dark grey and white Whippet). #Hammerbarn - This is the first appearance of Employee (a cream and tan Labrador) and Checkout Dog (a cream Maremma Sheepdog). #Featherwand #Squash #Hairdressers #Stumpfest #Favourite Thing #Daddy Dropoff - This is the first appearance of Lila (a white Maltese) and Sheila (Lila's white mother). #Bingo #Rug Island #Charades #Sticky Gecko #Dad Baby #Mum School #Trains #Army - This is the first appearance of Jack (a brown, light brown, dark brown and white Jack Russell Terrier), Jack's Mum (Jack's brown, dark brown and white mother), Jack's Dad (Jack's brown, dark brown and white father), Lulu (Jack's brown, light brown, dark brown and white sister), and Rusty's Dad (Rusty's red and tan father). #Fancy Restaurant #Piggyback #The Show #Ticklecrabs #Escape #Bus #Queens #Flat Pack #Helicopter #Sleepytime #Grandad - This is the first appearance of Mort (Bluey's light orange, brown, and light yellow grandfather and Chilli's father) and Maynard (a brown and cream Irish Wolfhound). #Seesaw - This is the first appearance of Pom Pom (a white Teacup Pomeranian) and Pom Pom's Mum (Pom Pom's white mother). #Movies #Library #Barky Boats - This is the first appearance of Mia (an orange belton and white English Setter) and Captain (a brown, dark brown, and white American Foxhound). #Burger Shop #Circus - This is the first appearance of Hercules (a white, brown, and dark brown Saint Bernard). #Swim School #Cafe - This is the first appearance of Winnie (a brown Labrador Retriever) and Fido (Winnie's brown father). #Postman #The Quiet Game - This is the first appearance of Alfie (a brown, tan & cream Dingo), Alfie's Mum (Alfie's orange and white mother), and Alfie's Boss (a brown, grey, white, black and charcoal Presa Canario). #Mr. Monkeyjocks #Double Babysitter - This is the first appearance of Radley (Bluey's light blue, light yellow, dark orange, and light orange uncle and Bandit's brother) and Frisky (Bluey's light orange, light yellow, cream, and light red godmother). #Bad Mood #Octopus #Bin Night - This is the first appearance of Doreen (a white Great Pyrenees). #Muffin Cone #Duck Cake #Handstand #Road Trip #Ice Cream - This is the first appearance of Ice Cream Lady (an orange, white, and maroon English Cocker Spaniel). #Dunny #Typewriter #Baby Race - This is the first pictured appearance of Coco's siblings (Coco's siblings in various shades of pink). #Christmas Swim #Easter ===Season 3=== #Perfect #Bedroom #Obstacle Course #Promises - This is the first appearance of Librarian (a white dog), Library Dog (a brown and tan German Pointer), and Flying Fox Kid (a black, grey, and white Shichon). #Omelette #Born Yesterday - This is the first appearance of Yoga Instructor (a tan and brown Saluki). #Mini Bluey #Unicorse #Curry Quest #Magic #Sheepdog #Chest #Housework #Pass the Parcel - This is the first appearance of Chucky (Lucky's golden yellow and light yellow brother), Janelle (Lucky's cream mother), and Lila's Brother (Lila's white brother). #Explorers #Phones #Pavlova #Rain #Pizza Girls #Driving #Tina #Whale Watching #Family Meeting #Faceytalk #Ragdoll #Fairytale #Musical Statues #Stories #Puppets #Turtleboy #Onesies #Tradies #Granny Mobile #Space #Smoochy Kiss #Dirt #The Decider #Cubby #Exercise #Relax #Stickbird #Show and Tell #Dragon #Wild Girls #TV Shop #Slide #Cricket #Ghostbasket #The Sign #Suprise! #Wide Awake #Moving Out ===Season 4=== #It's Finished! #Bog Roll Roll #Ferekh #Hospital Visit #Getting Better #Coming Home #Tooth Scary #Heeler Ageddon #Bad Computer #Coat #Cowgirl Bluey #Robo-Chilli #New Baby #Rotten Bingo #Lucky's Really Rare Rose #Anxiety #Delivery Bluey #Home Alone #No More Fight Without Bluey == References == {{reflist|refs= <ref name="series2production">{{cite web|url=https://www.perthnow.com.au/entertainment/tv/fun-tales-abc-kids-series-bluey-lapped-up-ng-b881147160z|title=Fun tales ABC Kids series ''Bluey'' lapped up|work=[[PerthNow]]|publisher=[[Seven West Media]]|last=Collins|first=Simon|date=26 March 2019|access-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326134315/https://www.perthnow.com.au/entertainment/tv/fun-tales-abc-kids-series-bluey-lapped-up-ng-b881147160z| archive-date=26 March 2019| url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="s3aguests">{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-11-22/bluey-season-three-episodes-how-to-watch/100620428 |title=New ''Bluey'' episodes are out this week. Here's when and where to watch season three|work=ABC News|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|date=22 November 2021|access-date=24 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123110043/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-11-22/bluey-season-three-episodes-how-to-watch/100620428| archive-date=23 November 2021| url-status=live}}</ref> }} {{authority control}} [[Category:2010s children's television series]] [[Category:2010s animated television series]] [[Category:Australian television series]] 0l05tc3715mmlmzqmm3u61rsscsiduj 0 916182 10368807 9086291 2025-07-03T02:57:59Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 typo: duplication 10368807 wikitext text/x-wiki {{redlinks|date=March 2022}} {{Infobox football tournament | name = Coupe du Congo | logo = | region = {{flagicon|COD}} [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|DR Congo]] | founded = 1961 | current champions = [[DC Motema Pembe]] (2021) | most successful club = DC Motema Pembe<br>(14 titles) | website = | current = [[2021 Coupe du Congo (DR Congo)|2021 Coupe du Congo]] }} The '''Coupe du Congo''' is a [[Association football|football]] tournament in the DR Congo. It is the top [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congolese]] knockout tournament. The tournament was first played in 1961. It has been played every year since then except for 1962, 1962 and 2020. As of 2021, nineteen different teams have won the tournament. [[DC Motema Pembe]] has won it the most times. They have won it fourteen times. ==Winners<ref>{{cite web|title=Congo-Kinshasa (DR Congo; formerly Zaire) Cup Winners|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesz/zairecuphist.html|publisher=RSSSF|accessdate=1 October 2011}}</ref>== *1961: [[FC Saint Eloi Lupopo]] (Lubumbashi) 5–1 AS Vita Club (Kinshasa) *1962–63: Not Played *1964: [[DC Motema Pembe|CS Imana]] (Kinshasa) 3–1 [[FC Saint Eloi Lupopo|FC Saint-Éloi Lupopo]] (Lubumbashi) *1965: [[AS Dragons]] (Kinshasa) *1966: [[TP Mazembe]] (Lubumbashi) *1967: TP Mazembe (Lubumbashi) *1968: FC Saint Eloi Lupopo (Lubumbashi) *1971: [[AS Vita Club]] (Kinshasa) *1972: AS Vita Club (Kinshasa) *1973: AS Vita Club (Kinshasa) *1974: CS Imana (Kinshasa) *1975:: AS Vita Club (Kinshasa) *1976: TP Mazembe (Lubumbashi) *1977: AS Vita Club (Kinshasa) *1978: CS Imana (Kinshasa) *1979: TP Mazembe (Lubumbashi) *1980: [[Lubumbashi Sport]] *1981: AS Vita Club (Kinshasa) *1982: AS Vita Club (Kinshasa) *1983: AS Vita Club (Kinshasa) *1984: CS Imana (Kinshasa) 1–2 1–0 AS Vita Club (Kinshasa) *1985: DC Motema Pembe (Kinshasa) *1986: [[AS Kalamu]] (Kinshasa) *1987: AS Kalamu (Kinshasa) *1988: AS Kalamu (Kinshasa) *1989: AS Kalamu (Kinshasa) *1990: DC Motema Pembe (Kinshasa) *1991: DC Motema Pembe (Kinshasa) *1992: [[US Bilombe]] *1993: DC Motema Pembe (Kinshasa) *1994: DC Motema Pembe (Kinshasa) 2–0 [[AS Bantous]] (Mbuji-Mayi) *1995: [[AC Sodigraf]] (Kinshasa) 4–0 [[OC Mbongo Sport]] (Mbuji-Mayi) *1996: AS Dragons (Kinshasa) *1997: AS Dragons (Kinshasa) 2–1 AS Vita Club (Kinshasa) *1998: AS Dragons (Kinshasa) 1–0 [[AS Sucrière]] (Kwilu Ngongo) *1999: AS Dragons (Kinshasa) 3–2 (a.p.) [[AS Paulino]] (Kinshasa) *2000: TP Mazembe (Lubumbashi) 2–0 [[AS Saint-Luc]] (Kananga) *2001: AS Vita Club (Kinshasa) 3–0 [[AS Veti|AS Veti Club]] (Matadi) *2002: [[US Kenya]] (Lubumbashi) 2–1 [[SM Sanga Balende]] (Mbuji-Mayi) *2003: DC Motema Pembe (Kinshasa) 2–0 TP Mazembe (Lubumbashi) *2004: [[SC Cilu]] (Lukala) 1–0 AS Saint-Luc (Kananga) *2005: [[AS Kabasha|AS Vita Kabasha]] 1–1 (4–2 pen) SC Cilu (Lukala) *2006: DC Motema Pembe (Kinshasa) 4–1 AS Dragons (Kinshasa) *2007: [[AS Maniema Union]] (Kindu) 2–1 FC Saint-Éloi Lupopo (Lubumbashi) *2008: [[OC Bukavu Dawa]] (Bukavu) 2–0 [[DC Virunga]] (Goma) *2009: DC Motema Pembe (Kinshasa) 0–0 (5–4 pen) AS Dragons (Kinshasa) *2010: DC Motema Pembe (Kinshasa) 3–0 [[AS Ndoki a Ndombe]] (Boma) *2011: [[US Tshinkunku]] (Kananga) 1–1 (4–3 pen) AS Veti Club (Matadi) *2012: [[CS Don Bosco]] (Lubumbashi) 4–0 AS Veti Club (Matadi) *2013: [[FC MK Etanchéité]] (Kinshasa) 1–0 [[AS Vutuka]] (Kikwit) *2014: FC MK Etanchéité (Kinshasa) 1–0 FC Saint-Éloi Lupopo (Lubumbashi) *2015: [[FC Saint Eloi Lupopo|FC Saint-Éloi Lupopo]] (Lubumbashi) 1–0 [[Katumbi Football Academy|Katumbi FA]] (Lubumbashi) *2016: [[FC Renaissance du Congo|FC Renaissance]] (Kinshasa) 2-0 [[CS Don Bosco]] (Lubumbashi) *2017: AS Maniema Union (Kindu) 1–1 (4–1 pen) FC Saint-Éloi Lupopo (Lubumbashi) *[[2018 Coupe du Congo (DR Congo)|2018]]: [[AS Nyuki]] (Butembo) 2–1 [[JS Kinshasa]] (Kinshasa) *[[2019 Coupe du Congo (DR Congo)|2019]]: AS Maniema Union (Kindu) 1–1 (5–4 pen) FC Renaissance (Kinshasa) *[[2020 Coupe du Congo (DR Congo)|2020]]: ''Abandoned'' *[[2021 Coupe du Congo (DR Congo)|2021]]: DC Motema PembeKinshasa) 1–0 SM Sanga Balende (Mbuji-Mayi) ==Total== {| class=wikitable ! Club ! Titles |- | DC Motema Pembe (Kinshasa) (Includes CS Imana) | align=center | 14 |- | AS Vita Club (Kinshasa) | align=center | 9 |- | AS Dragons (Kinshasa) (Includes AS Bilima) | align=center | 5 |- | TP Mazembe (Lubumbashi) (Includes TP Englebert) | align=center | 5 |- | AS Kalamu (Kinshasa) | align=center | 4 |- | FC Saint-Éloi Lupopo (Lubumbashi) | align=center | 3 |- | AS Maniema Union (Kindu) | align=center | 3 |- | FC MK Etanchéité (Kinshasa) | align=center | 2 |- | FC Lubumbashi Sport | align=center | 1 |- | AC Sodigraf (Kinshasa) | align=center | 1 |- | AS Vita Kabasha (Goma) | align=center | 1 |- | US Kenya (Lubumbashi) | align=center | 1 |- | SC Cilu (Lukala) | align=center | 1 |- | US Bilombe (Bilombe) | align=center | 1 |- | OC Bukavu Dawa (Bukavu) | align=center | 1 |- | US Tshinkunku (Kananga) | align=center | 1 |- | CS Don Bosco (Lubumbashi) | align=center | 1 |- | FC Renaissance (Kinshasa) | align=center | 1 |- | AS Nyuki (Butembo) | align=center | 1 |} ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Football in Africa]] [[Category:Sport in the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] mgaqvfrbmqz5esaik9pqib4qt0my2gx 0 917875 10368880 10323980 2025-07-03T03:42:40Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368880 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Rakul Preet Singh | image = File:Rakul Preet Singh - Flickr - KKVARMA998.jpg | birth_place = | birth_date = | occupation = {{Hlist|Actress}} | years_active = 2009 – present | partner = Jackky Bhagnani }} '''Rakul Preet Singh''' is an [[India]]n actress who mostly works in [[Tollywood|South Indian film industry]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=1 February 2018|title=Rakul Preet Singh: Lesser known facts about the 'Aiyaary' actress|work=The Times of India|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/rakul-preet-singh-lesser-known-facts-about-the-aiyaary-actress/rakul-did-her-first-kannada-film-for-extra-pocket-money/photostory/62743173.cms}}</ref> Model-turned-actress<ref>{{Cite news|date=15 January 2017|title=Modelling is stepping stone to acting: Rakul|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/modelling-is-stepping-stone-to-acting-rakul/articleshow/46030843.cms}}</ref> Preet made her debut with the Kannada movie ''Gilli'' (2009), she has appeared in around thirty movies, which includes acting credits in [[Telugu]], [[Kannada]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Hindi]] cinema. She was nominated for Filmfare Awards South in Best Actress Telugu (2014 and 2015).{{Cn|date=November 2023}} Rakul Preet has won several awards, including the SIIMA Award for Best Actress for her work in the 2016 movie ''Nannaku Prematho'', and a CineMAA Award as well.{{Cn|date=November 2023}} ==Early life== Rakul Preet Singh was born on 10 October 1990 in [[New Delhi]], [[India]], into a Punjabi family. She studied at Army Public School in Dhaula Kuan and later graduated in [[Mathematics]] from Jesus and Mary College, University of [[Delhi]]. She was an active student and took part in [[sports]] and modeling during college. She started her modeling career while still in [[college]] and participated in several pageants. In 2011, she took part in the Femina Miss India pageant and won four titles, including Miss Beautiful Smile. ==Career== Rakul began her acting career in 2009 with the [[Kannada]] [[movie]] Gilli, a remake of the Tamil film 7G Rainbow Colony. After this, she continued modeling and gradually took more film roles. Her breakthrough came with [[Telugu]] [[cinema]]. Films like Venkatadri Express (2013) and Loukyam (2014) made her a popular face in the Telugu film industry. She was praised for her performance in Nannaku Prematho (2016), opposite N. T. Rama Rao Jr. Rakul also appeared in Tamil films like Theeran Adhigaaram Ondru (2017), and made her Bollywood comeback with Yaariyan (2014) and later De De Pyaar De (2019), where she starred with Ajay Devgn. She continues to work in multiple languages and is one of the few actresses to find success in both South Indian and [[Hindi]] cinema. == References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4886336/ Rakul Preet Singh] at IMDb {{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Rakul Preet}} [[Category:1990 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Indian movie actors]] [[Category:Indian models]] [[Category:Actors from New Delhi]] mzivzofoe224rtxp2na2wzp2w0wevk0 0 917935 10368858 10329874 2025-07-03T03:26:33Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Prakash Raj | image = Prakash Raj at KLF 18 kozhikode.jpg | birth_name = Prakash Rai | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1965|03|26|df=yes}} | birth_place = Bangalore, Mysore State, [[India]] | occupation = {{Hlist|Actor|Film producer|Director|Television presenter}} | years_active = 1986 – present | spouse = {{ubl|{{marriage|Lalitha Kumari|1994|2009|reason=div}}|{{marriage|Pony Verma|2010}}}} }} '''Prakash Rai''', better known by his stage name '''Prakash Raj''',<ref>{{cite news |title=Prakash Raj says ‘half of Bollywood is sold and the other half is scared’ |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/prakash-raj-says-half-of-bollywood-is-sold-and-the-other-half-is-scared-to-speak-up-against-the-govt-history-wont-forget-those-who-were-silent-9983239/ |work=The Indian Express |date=May 5, 2025 |access-date=June 14, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Prakash Raj calls out his peers for not speaking about socio-political issues |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2025/May/05/prakash-raj-calls-out-his-peers-for-not-speaking-about-socio-political-issues-half-of-them-are-sold-other-half-is-scared |work=Cinema Express |date=May 5, 2025 |access-date=June 14, 2025}}</ref> is an [[India]]n [[Actor|film actor]] [[producer]] and television presenter who primarily appears in [[Tollywood|South Indian film]] industry and known for his works in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu]], [[Kannada]], [[Malayalam]] and [[Hindi|Hindi-language]] films.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gupta|first=Priya|date=10 July 2013|title=I stopped taking life for granted after my son’s death: Prakash Raj|work=The Times of India|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/i-stopped-taking-life-for-granted-after-my-sons-death-prakash-raj/articleshow/20987660.cms}}</ref> Prakash made his debut in Tamil cinema during mid 1990s through ''Duet'' (1994). He has received several multiple awards including Filmfare Awards South, SIIMA Awards, CineMAA Awards. ==Early life== Prakash Raj was born as Prakash Rai on 26 March 1965 in [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. He belongs to a Kannada-speaking family. He studied at St. Joseph's Indian High School in Bangalore. Later, he went to St. Joseph’s College of Commerce in Bangalore for higher studies. He started acting in theatre and [[television]] during his early years. ==Career== Prakash Raj began his acting career with [[Kannada]] stage plays and [[TV]] serials. He performed in more than 2,000 street theatre shows. His strong acting in Kannada television helped him get roles in Kannada movies. In 1994, director K. Balachander gave him a big break in Tamil cinema with the film Duet. After that, he became popular in the Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada and Hindi film industries. He acted in many hit [[movies]] as a villain, supporting actor and sometimes as a hero. He is known for movies like Iruvar (Tamil), Anthapuram (Telugu), Singham (Hindi), and Naanu Nanna Kanasu (Kannada). He has acted in over 300 films. ==As a director and producer== Prakash Raj started his own production company called Duet Movies. He directed movies such as Naanu Nanna Kanasu (Kannada), Dhoni (Tamil/Telugu), and Tadka (Hindi). His films often talk about family, education and society. ==Awards== Prakash Raj has won many awards for his acting. These include: * National Film Awards * Filmfare Awards South * SIIMA Awards * CineMAA Awards He is praised for his natural acting and powerful dialogue delivery. ==Social and political work== Prakash Raj is also active in social issues. He speaks about freedom of speech, education, and human rights. In 2019, he took part in politics and contested as an independent candidate in the Lok Sabha elections from Bangalore Central. He did not win but continues to raise his voice on public matters.<ref>{{cite news |title=Prakash Rai responds to detractors |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/prakash-rai-responds-to-detractors/articleshow/62213495.cms |work=The Times of India |date=23 December 2017 |access-date=24 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=I stopped taking life for granted after my son's death: Prakash Raj |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/i-stopped-taking-life-for-granted-after-my-sons-death-prakash-raj/articleshow/20987660.cms |work=The Times of India |date=10 July 2013 |access-date=24 May 2025}}</ref> == Sources == <references /> ==Other websites== * {{imdb name|0695177}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Raj, Prakash}} [[Category:1965 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Indian movie actors]] kxt6rqc3p4uby9gjdqiqsnhywpi9kt2 0 917937 10368859 10324001 2025-07-03T03:26:48Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368859 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Pranitha Subhash | image = Pranitha at CCL 3's Chennai Rhinos Vs Karnataka Bulldozers match.jpg | birth_place = [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]], India | spouse = {{marriage|Nitin Raju|2021}} | occupation = {{hlist|Actress}} | years_active = 2010 – present }} '''Pranitha Subhash''' (born 17 October 1992) is an [[Indian]] actress and [[model]]. She works mainly in South Indian films, including [[Kannada]], [[Telugu]], [[Tamil]] and [[Malayalam]] movies. She has also acted in [[Hindi]] films.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 July 2021 |title=Pranitha Subhash on missing the big screen: I am going to definitely miss the entire hullabaloo, the firecrackers and the madness! |work=The Times of India |url=https://m.timesofindia.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pranitha-subhash-on-missing-the-big-screen-i-am-going-to-definitely-miss-the-entire-hullabaloo-the-firecrackers-and-the-madness/articleshow/84726591.cms |access-date=24 May 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Pranitha was born in [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. Her father is a physician and her mother is a gynecologist. She is their only child. ==Career== She began her acting career in 2010 with the Kannada film Porki opposite Darshan. She became more popular after acting in successful films like Baava (2010), Attarintiki Daredi (2013), Massu Engira Masilamani (2015) and Enakku Vaaitha Adimaigal (2017). In 2012, she acted in the Kannada film Bheema Theeradalli, which received critical acclaim. In 2021, she made her debut in Hindi [[cinema]] with the films Hungama 2 and Bhuj: The Pride of India. ==Personal life== Pranitha married businessman Nitin Raju on 30 May 2021.<ref name="The Hindu">{{Cite web |title=Actor Pranitha Subhash gets married to Nitin Raju in private ceremony |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/actor-pranitha-subhash-gets-married-to-nitin-raju-in-private-ceremony/article34697326.ece |work=The Hindu |date=31 May 2021 |access-date=24 May 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> They have two children.<ref name="The Hindu"/> She continues to act in films and is known for her work in Indian cinema. == Sources == <references /> == Other websites == * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3912256/ Pranitha Subhash at IMDb] {{DEFAULTSORT:Subhash, Pranitha}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]] [[Category:Indian movie actors]] 9wyiey7j48w6xl6uk9jmi131063lpis 0 918090 10367772 10236415 2025-07-02T15:11:58Z Valerystarlight 1191375 10367772 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wikify|date=March 2022}} {{medicine-stub}} '''Viral entry''' is when a [[virus]] goes into the [[cell]] that it has [[Infection|infected]]. It is the first part of the virus’s life. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Virus entry into host cell ~ ViralZone|url=https://viralzone.expasy.org/936|access-date=2022-03-29|website=viralzone.expasy.org}}</ref> Most viruses share some basics steps (in order); # The virus has to stick or attach to the outside of the cell. # Some [[Protein|proteins]] react to each other. # After that, there are a few different ways that viral entry can happen. [[File:Viral entry (Endocytosis and lysis).svg|thumb]] == Viral entry == # The first way is called membrane fusion. The outside layer of the cell has a hole poked in it for the virus to go in. # Endocytosis. The cell thinks the virus is [[food]] and eats it. # The third way is Viral penetration. This is where the virus [[Injection|injects]] itself into the cell either chemically or with a part of its body == References == {{reflist}} {{virus topics}} [[Category:Viruses]] [[Category:Virology]] agqwit2dgapqbacu5eob0epfuoichz3 0 920661 10367770 9631410 2025-07-02T15:11:13Z Valerystarlight 1191375 10367770 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Viola_Desmond.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Viola Desmond around 1940]] '''Viola Irene Desmond''' (July 6, 1914 – February 7, 1965) was a [[civil rights]] activist in [[Canada]]. In 1946 she went into a [[Racial segregation|segregated]] part of a [[Movie theater|movie theatre]] and would not leave. Then she was charged with [[tax evasion]] because the seats cost one cent less there. This event turned into a very well-known example of [[discrimination]]. Desmond was born in [[1914]] and [[Death|died]] in [[1965]]. She was [[Pardon|pardoned]] from the tax evasion charge in 2010. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-04-18|title='Canada's Rosa Parks,' Viola Desmond, posthumously pardoned|url=http://www.nationalpost.com/news/story.html?id=2907492|access-date=2022-04-06|website=archive.ph|archive-date=2010-04-18|archive-url=https://archive.today/20100418043517/http://www.nationalpost.com/news/story.html?id=2907492|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Viola Desmond Government House.jpg|thumb]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Desmond, Viola}} [[Category:1914 births]] [[Category:1965 deaths]] [[Category:Civil rights activists]] [[Category:Canadian activists]] [[Category:People from Nova Scotia]] cwwpnzu12o3cereusmha1x8y39s43on 0 920764 10368567 8310800 2025-07-03T00:22:10Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 1) added a missing-citation tag to the article as needed; 2) fixed a typo of duplication 10368567 wikitext text/x-wiki {{noref}} '''What A Cartoon!''' (later known as '''''The What A Cartoon! Show''''' and '''The Cartoon Cartoon Show''') is an [[Animation|animated]] [[United States|American]] [[Television program|television series]]. It is an [[anthology]] series created by [[Fred Seibert]] for [[Cartoon Network]]. The [[Cartoon|cartoons]] were produced by [[Hanna-Barbera Productions|Hanna Barbera Productions]]. By the end of the series, a [[Cartoon Network Studios]] logo was added to some of the cartoons. This was done to show that they were original. The series included 48 cartoons. They were meant to return creative power to [[Animator|animators]] and [[Artist|artists]]. It was believed they would do this by recreating the [[Icon|iconic]] cartoon characters of the mid-20th century. Each of the cartoons folllowed the structure of a [[Movie theater|theatrical]] cartoon. Each one was based on an original [[storyboard]] drawn and written by its artist or creator. Three of the cartoons were paired together into a half-hour [[episode]]. The series first aired on February 20, 1995. The cartoons were promoted as ''World Premiere Toons''. During the original run, the name of the series was changed to ''The What A Cartoon! Show'' . It was later changed to ''The Cartoon Cartoon Show'' The series aired until August 23, 2002. The series helped revive television animation in the 1990s. It was a launching point for the Cartoon Network animated television series ''[[Dexter's Laboratory|Dexter’s Laboratory]], [[Johnny Bravo]], [[Courage the Cowardly Dog]], [[Cow and Chicken]], [[I Am Weasel]],'' and ''[[The Powerpuff Girls]].'' Once it had several original cartoons, those became the first [[The Cartoon Cartoon Show|Cartoon Cartoons]]. From 2005 to 2008, ''The Cartoon Cartoon Show!'' was revived as a block for reruns of older Cartoon Cartoons that had been phased out by the network. [[Category:1990s American animated television series]] aj85uu93fldp2z0hu3b8n2tly16oj9f 0 921424 10367768 8757217 2025-07-02T15:09:56Z Valerystarlight 1191375 10367768 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vertigo Records''' is a [[Record label|record company]]. It started in the [[United Kingdom]]. It was first created for [[progressive rock]] in [[1969]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=vertigouk|url=https://www.vertigoswirl.com/vertigouk.html|access-date=2022-04-10|website=www.vertigoswirl.com}}</ref> Today a bigger [[company]] called [[Universal Music Group|Universal Music]] [[Germany]] runs it.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Within Temptation sign with Vertigo Records Germany|url=https://www.musicweek.com/talent/read/within-temptation-sign-with-vertigo-records-germany/073156|access-date=2022-04-10|website=www.musicweek.com|language=en}}</ref> [[File:LP "Black Sabbath" by Black Sabbath (Vertigo label).png|thumb]] ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:1969 establishments in the United Kingdom]] {{UK-stub}} [[Category:British record labels]] 11s0jursyppgczjbgxsfgtq2faiwk52 0 923687 10367759 8962810 2025-07-02T15:04:57Z Valerystarlight 1191375 10367759 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''valence band''' and '''conduction band''' are a [[concept]] in [[physics]]. They do not mean anything when working with [[metal]]. In other [[Solid|solids]], they are the last places before the [[fermi level]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/14213060|title=The electronic structure and chemistry of solids|last=Cox|first=P. A|date=1987|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-855204-8|location=Oxford [Oxfordshire]; New York|language=English|oclc=14213060}}</ref> [[File:Silicon conduction band ellipsoids.svg|thumb]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{physics-stub}} [[Category:Physics]] dd87h5ar00i8eovf6beu6645as3mhmf 0 923688 10367545 10267682 2025-07-02T11:59:22Z Valerystarlight 1191375 10367545 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ellen Tauscher, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security 2.jpg|thumb|Ellen Tausch, who was the under secretary for arms control and international security in 2009]] The '''Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security Affairs''' is a person who works in the [[United States]] [[government]]. They help the [[President of the United States|President]] make [[Decision-making|decisions]] about [[Weapon|weapons]], [[Nuclear weapon|nuclear bombs]], and how to keep people [[Safety|safe]] from these things.<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Security - Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security - US Department|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/t/index.htm|access-date=2022-04-19|website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Federal government of the United States]] {{US-stub}} 7bc6bsi92xeqmlu7dv6qpdjsa3r98tl 10367555 10367545 2025-07-02T12:00:08Z Valerystarlight 1191375 10367555 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ellen Tauscher, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security 2.jpg|thumb|Ellen Tauscher, who was the under secretary for arms control and international security in 2009]] The '''Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security Affairs''' is a person who works in the [[United States]] [[government]]. They help the [[President of the United States|President]] make [[Decision-making|decisions]] about [[Weapon|weapons]], [[Nuclear weapon|nuclear bombs]], and how to keep people [[Safety|safe]] from these things.<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Security - Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security - US Department|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/t/index.htm|access-date=2022-04-19|website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Federal government of the United States]] {{US-stub}} 5u3qi9hfyxbpdmeqoaffqykktsqkom0 0 926144 10368407 10165566 2025-07-02T22:44:50Z Sir Banking 1243964 10368407 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Banco Macro''' is an [[Argentina|Argentine]] private capital bank. is the second largest domestically-owned private bank in Argentina. {{Infobox company | name = Banco Macro S.A. | logo = Banco_Macro_2025.png | logo_size = 250px | image = Torre_Macro.jpg | image_size = 300px | type = [[S.A. (corporation)|Sociedad Anónima]] | traded_as = {{bcba|BMA}}<br />{{nyse|BMA}}<br />[[MERVAL|MERVAL component]] | foundation = {{Start date and age|1976}} | location_city = [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]] | key_people = Jorge Pablo Brito <small>([[Chairman]])</small><br />Juan Martín Parma <small>([[CEO]])</small><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macro.com.ar/relaciones-inversores/en/corporate-governance/board-of-directors-and-senior-management|title=Executives and senior management|access-date=2021-08-14|website=Banco Macro|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920001852/https://www.macro.com.ar/relaciones-inversores/en/corporate-governance/board-of-directors-and-senior-management |archive-date=2020-09-20 }}</ref> | industry = [[Financial services]] | products = [[Retail Banking]]<br />[[Investments]]<br />[[Mortgage loan|Mortgages]]<br />[[Consumer Finance]]<br />[[Credit card]]s | revenue = {{profit}} US$1.1&nbsp;billion <small>(2012)</small> <ref name="investing.businessweek.com">http://investing.businessweek.com/businessweek/research/stocks/financials/financials.asp?ticker=BMA:US{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | equity =  | net_income = {{profit}} US$304.0&nbsp;million <small>(2012)</small> <ref name="investing.businessweek.com">http://investing.businessweek.com/businessweek/research/stocks/financials/financials.asp?ticker=BMA:US{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |assets = {{profit}} US$9.8&nbsp;billion <small>(2012)</small> | num_employees = 7,268 | owners = Jorge Horacio Brito (16,59%)<br> [[ANSES]] (27,49%)<br> Delfín Jorge Ezequiel Carballo (5,68%)<br> Julian Aristiqui (10,78%) | homepage = {{URL|macro.com.ar}} }} ==Offices== The Macro is one of the most important private banks in Argentina. It is made up of two merged institutions, which are Banco Macro and Banco Tucumán, which in total constitutes a structure of 506 service points. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category|Banco Macro}} *{{Official website|www.macro.com.ar}} [[Category:1976 establishments in South America]] [[Category:1970s establishments in Argentina]] [[Category:Companies based in Buenos Aires]] [[Category:Banks of Argentina]] 2m9lidezcy77e7cajqpw1fgkwcy7ckc 10368501 10368407 2025-07-02T23:40:47Z Sir Banking 1243964 10368501 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Banco Macro''' is an [[Argentina|Argentine]] private capital bank. is the second largest domestically-owned private bank in Argentina. {{Infobox company | name = Banco Macro S.A. | logo = Banco_Macro_2025.png | logo_size = 250px | image = Torre_Macro.jpg | image_size = 300px | image_caption = [[Macro Tower]] in [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. | type = [[S.A. (corporation)|Sociedad Anónima]] | traded_as = {{bcba|BMA}}<br />{{nyse|BMA}}<br />[[MERVAL|MERVAL component]] | foundation = {{Start date and age|1976}} | location_city = [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]] | key_people = Jorge Pablo Brito <small>([[Chairman]])</small><br />Juan Martín Parma <small>([[CEO]])</small><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macro.com.ar/relaciones-inversores/en/corporate-governance/board-of-directors-and-senior-management|title=Executives and senior management|access-date=2021-08-14|website=Banco Macro|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920001852/https://www.macro.com.ar/relaciones-inversores/en/corporate-governance/board-of-directors-and-senior-management |archive-date=2020-09-20 }}</ref> | industry = [[Financial services]] | products = [[Retail Banking]]<br />[[Investments]]<br />[[Mortgage loan|Mortgages]]<br />[[Consumer Finance]]<br />[[Credit card]]s | revenue = {{profit}} US$1.1&nbsp;billion <small>(2012)</small> <ref name="investing.businessweek.com">http://investing.businessweek.com/businessweek/research/stocks/financials/financials.asp?ticker=BMA:US{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | equity =  | net_income = {{profit}} US$304.0&nbsp;million <small>(2012)</small> <ref name="investing.businessweek.com">http://investing.businessweek.com/businessweek/research/stocks/financials/financials.asp?ticker=BMA:US{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |assets = {{profit}} US$9.8&nbsp;billion <small>(2012)</small> | num_employees = 7,268 | owners = Jorge Horacio Brito (16,59%)<br> [[ANSES]] (27,49%)<br> Delfín Jorge Ezequiel Carballo (5,68%)<br> Julian Aristiqui (10,78%) | homepage = {{URL|macro.com.ar}} }} ==Offices== The Macro is one of the most important private banks in Argentina. It is made up of two merged institutions, which are Banco Macro and Banco Tucumán, which in total constitutes a structure of 506 service points. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category|Banco Macro}} *{{Official website|www.macro.com.ar}} [[Category:1976 establishments in South America]] [[Category:1970s establishments in Argentina]] [[Category:Companies based in Buenos Aires]] [[Category:Banks of Argentina]] 1yk15vppucub79lcfwpn16o9su1ltwk 0 926640 10368586 9105401 2025-07-03T00:34:31Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 1) added a missing-citation tag as needed; 2) fixed a typo of duplication with a redundant capital letter 10368586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{noref}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Alexandre | death_date = 23 July 1794 (aged 34) | honorific_suffix = [[Viscount]] [[House of Beauharnais|of Beauharnais]] | commands = [[Army of the Rhine (1791–1795)|Army of the Rhine]] | image = Général ALEXANDRE FRANCOIS MARIE DE BEAUHARNAIS (1760-1794).jpg | alt = Alexandre-Francois-Marie, Viscount of Beauharnais, General in Chief of the Army of the Rhine | caption = Alexandre de Beauharnais by [[Georges Rouget]] | birth_name = Alexandre François Marie | birth_date = 28 May 1760 | birth_place = [[Fort-de-France|Fort-Royal]], [[Martinique]], [[French colonial empire]] | honorific_prefix = [[General]] | resting_place = [[Picpus Cemetery]], [[Paris]], France | death_place = [[Paris]], [[French First Republic]] | resting_place_coordinates = | allegiance = {{flag|Kingdom of France}}<br>{{Flagicon image|Flag_of_France_(1790–1794).svg}} [[Constitutional Cabinet of Louis XVI|Kingdom of France]]<br>{{flag|First French Republic}} | branch = [[Infantry]] | serviceyears = 1775–1794 | rank = [[Divisional general]] | unit = [[File:Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg|20x20px]] [[French Royal Army (1652–1830)|French Royal Army]]<br>[[File:Tricolour_Cockade.svg|20x20px]] [[French Revolutionary Army]] | battles = *[[American Revolutionary War]] * [[French Revolutionary Wars]] ** [[War of the First Coalition]] *** [[Siege of Mainz (1793)]] | spouse = [[Joséphine de Beauharnais]] | children = [[Eugène de Beauharnais]] [[Hortense de Beauharnais]] }} '''Alexandre François Marie, Viscount of Beauharnais''' (28 May 1760 — 23 July 1794) was a French [[politician]] and [[General officer|general]] during [[French Revolution|the French Revolution.]] He was the first husband of [[Joséphine de Beauharnais]], who later became Empress of the French through her marriage to [[Napoleon]]. == Early Life == Beauharnais was born in Fort-Royal (now [[Fort-de-France]]), [[Martinique]]. He was the son of a governor, [[François V de Beauharnais|François de Beauharnais, Marquess de la La Ferté-Beauharnais]], and his wife Marie Anne Henriette Françoise Pyvart de Chastullé. Beauharnais’ parents decided that it would be a good idea to arrange him to marry someone. And so he did on 13 December 1779, in [[Paris]] to the 16 year old [[Joséphine de Beauharnais|Joséphine Tascher de la Pagerie]]. There marriage was not happy as Beauharnais said he was only marrying ''because his father forced him to do so.'' They had 2 children together, [[Eugène de Beauharnais|Eugène]] and [[Hortense de Beauharnais|Hortense]]. == Career == Beauharnais fought in [[Louis XVI]]’s army during the [[American Revolutionary War]]. He represented the French [[nobility]] in the Estates-General and was president of the [[National Constituent Assembly (France)|National Constituent Assembly]] from June 19, 1791 to July 3, 1791 and again from 31 July to 14 August 1791. He was then made a general in 1792, during the [[French Revolutionary Wars]]. In 1793, he refused to become Minister of War. Later the same year, he was named [[General-in-Chief]] of the [[French Revolutionary Army|Army of the Rhine]]. == Death == On 2 March 1794, the [[Committee of General Safety]] ordered his arrest, accusing him of poorly defending [[Mainz]] during the [[Siege of Mainz (1793)|siege of 1793]], and because he was a part of the nobility. He was jailed at [[Carmes Prison]] and was sentenced to death during the [[Reign of Terror]]. His wife, [[Joséphine de Beauharnais|Joséphine]] was arrested in the same prison on 21 April 1794. Joséphine survived, but Beauharnais was [[Guillotine|guillotined]], together with his cousin Augustin, on the Place de la Révolution, only a week before the trial and execution of [[Maximilien de Robespierre|Maximilien Robespierre]]. [[Category:1760 births]] [[Category:1794 deaths]] [[Category:French politicians]] dghblz0xbms0cnig6pns3v1b4ay8skz 0 928025 10369000 10319763 2025-07-03T05:39:04Z Julipero 1604351 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 10369000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Family name hatnote|Lee|lang=Korean}} {{Infobox person | name = Chaeryeong | image = ITZY CHAERYEONG BALLY BY YK JEONG Photo Call, August 13, 2024.png | landscape = | alt = | caption = Chaeryeong in 2024 | birth_name = Lee Chae-ryeong | birth_date = {{birth date and age|2001|06|05}} | birth_place = Yongin, [[South Korea]] | education = Hanlim Multi Art School | occupation = {{hlist|Singer|dancer}} | signature = Chaeryeong Signature.png | signature_alt = Signature of Chaeryeong | relatives = [[Lee Chae-yeon (singer, born 2000)|Lee Chaeyeon]] (sister) | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | genre = {{hlist|[[K-pop]]|[[J-pop]]}} | instrument = Vocals | years_active = 2019–present | label = {{hlist|[[JYP Entertainment|JYP]]}} | current_member_of = {{hlist|[[Itzy]]}} }} | module2 = {{Infobox Korean name|child=yes|headercolor=transparent | hangul = 이채령 | rr = I Chaeryeong | mr = I Ch'aeryŏng }} }} '''Lee Chae-ryeong''' ({{Korean|hangul=이채령}}; born June 5, 2001), known [[wikt:mononym|mononymously]] as '''Chaeryeong''', is a South Korean singer and [[Dance|dancer]]. She is a member of the South Korean girl group [[Itzy]], formed by [[JYP Entertainment]] in 2019. == Early life == Lee Chae-ryeong was born on June 5, 2001, in Yongin, South Korea.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Itzy Profile |url=https://itzy.jype.com/Default/Profile |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127023540/https://itzy.jype.com/Default/Profile |archive-date=November 27, 2024 |access-date=December 15, 2024 |website=[[JYP Entertainment]]}}</ref> She is the younger sister of former [[Iz*One]] member [[Lee Chae-yeon (singer, born 2000)|Lee Chaeyeon]].<ref>{{Cite web |author=Song |first=Oh-jeong |date=June 16, 2019 |title= |script-title=ko:아이즈원 채연-있지 채령, 'K팝 스타' 출연 당시 채채자매...막내 동생도 있어? |trans-title=IZ*ONE Chaeyeon and Itzy Chaeryeong, the Chae Chae sisters when they appeared on 'K-Pop Star'... Do you have a youngest brother? |url=https://www.topstarnews.net/news/articleView.html?idxno=659207#_enliple |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106001959/https://www.topstarnews.net/news/articleView.html?idxno=659207#_enliple |archive-date=November 6, 2022 |access-date=November 5, 2022 |website=Top Star News |language=ko}}</ref> She attended [[high school]] at Hanlim Multi Art School, where she studied [[Musical theater|Musical Theatre]], alongside her groupmate [[Ryujin (rapper)|Ryujin]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kang |first=Hyo-jin |date=February 7, 2020 |title=있지(ITZY) 류진-채령, 고교 졸업 "10대 마지막 시원섭섭, 좋은 활동 기대" |trans-title=ITZY's Ryujin-Chaeryeong graduated from high school "Siwon-seop, the last in their teens, looking forward to good activities" |url=https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/477/0000231361 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311153259/https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/477/0000231361 |archive-date=March 11, 2023 |access-date=December 13, 2024 |website=Spotv News |language=ko |via=[[Naver]]}}</ref> ==Career== === 2013–2017: Pre-debut === In 2013, Chaeryeong appeared as a contestant in the third season of ''K-Pop Star'', along with her sister, Chaeyeon.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lee |first=Yu-Jin |date=September 1, 2018 |title=이채연, 케이팝스타3→식스틴→프로듀스48 '아이즈원'.. 3번 만에 드디어 데뷔 |trans-title=Lee Chae-yeon, K-pop Star 3 → Sixteen → Produce 48 'IZ*ONE'... Finally debuting after 3 attempts |url=http://www.kookje.co.kr/mobile/view.asp?gbn=v&code=0500&key=20180901.99099000012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521154500/http://www.kookje.co.kr/mobile/view.asp?gbn=v&code=0500&key=20180901.99099000012 |archive-date=May 21, 2022 |access-date=December 22, 2020 |website={{ill|The Kookje Daily News|ko|국제신문}} |language=ko}}</ref> They were both praised for their dancing skills,<ref>{{cite news |last=Yoon |first=Sang-geun |date=December 1, 2013 |title='K팝★3' 타고난 댄서 자매 등장..심사위원 극찬 |trans-title='K-Pop★3' Natural Dancer Sisters Appear... Highly Praised by Judges |url=https://star.mt.co.kr/stview.php?no=2013120116364600965&type=1&outlink=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117013623/https://star.mt.co.kr/stview.php?no=2013120116364600965&type=1&outlink=1 |archive-date=November 17, 2022 |access-date=December 22, 2020 |website=Star News |language=ko}}</ref> and soon became trainees at JYP Entertainment.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://stylecaster.com/feature/how-itzy-members-discovered-1145110/ | title=Here's How ITZY's 5 Members Were Discovered Before They Became K-Pop Stars | date=11 August 2020|website=Style Caster}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=[V Report] ITZY's Yuna, Chaeryeong share how they got into JYP Entertainment |url=http://kpopherald.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=201912081816310646772_2 |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=[[Kpop Herald]]| date=8 December 2019 }}</ref> In 2015, Chaeryeong, and her sister participated in Mnet's reality [[girl group]] survival show ''Sixteen'', which eventually determined the members of girl group [[Twice]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lee |first=Ye-ji |date=January 21, 2019 |title= |script-title=ko:채령, '식스틴' 촬영 당시 트와이스(TWICE) 미나-정연-나연과 함께 "JYP 어벤져스" |trans-title=Chaeryeong, "JYP Avengers" with TWICE's Mina, Jeongyeon, and Nayeon during the filming of 'Sixteen' |url=https://www.topstarnews.net/news/articleView.html?idxno=571281 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210042657/https://www.topstarnews.net/news/articleView.html?idxno=571281 |archive-date=December 10, 2019 |access-date=December 15, 2024 |work=Top Star News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kim |first=Nam-eun |date=July 8, 2015 |title= |script-title=ko:식스틴 채령-소미, 탈락 전 밝은 모습 '상큼 미모' |trans-title=Sixteen Chaeryoung-Somi, bright appearance before elimination 'refreshing beauty' |url=http://www.heraldpop.com/view.php?ud=201507081535270190102_1&pos=naver |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241215163737/http://www.heraldpop.com/view.php?ud=201507081535270190102_1&pos=naver |archive-date=December 15, 2024 |access-date=December 15, 2024 |work=Herald Pop}}</ref> In 2017, Chaeryeong appeared on the first episode of ''Stray Kids'', alongside her future groupmates [[Yeji (singer)|Yeji]], Ryujin, and [[Yuna (South Korean singer)|Yuna]].<ref name="straykids">{{Cite news |last=Park |first=Soo-in |date=October 17, 2017 |title= |script-title=ko:'스트레이키즈' 이채령 "'K팝스타' 출신, 인기는 없다" |trans-title=Stray Kids' Lee Chae-ryeong "From 'K-Pop Star', Not Popular" |url=http://www.heraldpop.com/view.php?ud=201710172305583706290_1&ACE_SEARCH=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241215162140/http://www.heraldpop.com/view.php?ud=201710172305583706290_1&ACE_SEARCH=1 |archive-date=December 15, 2024 |access-date=December 15, 2024 |work=Herald Pop}}</ref> === 2019–present: Debut with Itzy === {{Main|Itzy}} Chaeryeong officially debuted with Itzy in February 2019, with the release of their first single album, ''It'z Different'', and a [[music video]] for its [[lead single]] "Dalla Dalla".<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2019-02-12 |title='괴물신인' 꿈꾸는 걸그룹 ITZY에게 박진영이 건넨 조언 |url=http://star.ohmynews.com/NWS_Web/OhmyStar/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0002511324 |access-date=March 19, 2022 |website=[[OhmyStar]] |language=ko}}</ref> In June 2023, Chaeryeong featured on the track "Doremifasolatido" from Lee Chan-hyuk's album ''Umbrella''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Min-ji |date=June 28, 2023 |title= |script-title=ko:이찬혁비디오, 오늘 프로젝트 '우산' 공개...임시완→채령 참여 |trans-title=Lee Chan-hyuk Video, Project 'Umbrella' Released Today... Im Si-wan → Chae-ryeong Participation |url=https://www.news1.kr/articles/5090658 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241215165548/https://www.news1.kr/entertain/music/5090658 |archive-date=December 15, 2024 |access-date=September 6, 2023 |website=News1}}</ref> In December, Chaeryeong released a music video for her solo track "Mine".<ref name="CDCmine">{{cite web |title=Download Chart – Week 2 of 2024 |url=https://circlechart.kr/page_chart/onoff.circle?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=S1020&targetTime=02&hitYear=2024&termGbn=week&yearTime=3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118024109/https://circlechart.kr/page_chart/onoff.circle?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=S1020&targetTime=02&hitYear=2024&termGbn=week&yearTime=3 |archive-date=January 18, 2024 |access-date=December 12, 2024 |website=[[Circle Music Chart]] |language=ko}}</ref> == Discography == ===Composition credits=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" ! scope="col" | Title ! scope="col" | Year ! scope="col" | Artist ! scope="col" | Album ! scope="col" | [[Composer]] ! scope="col" | [[Lyricist]] |- ! scope="row" | "Mine" | 2024 | Chaeryeong | ''Born to Be'' | {{Ya}} | {{Ya}} |} == Videography == === Television shows === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" |- ! scope="col" | Title ! scope="col" | Year ! scope="col" | Role ! scope="col" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- | K-pop Star 3 ! scope="row" | 2013–2014 | rowspan="2"|Contestant | style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kookje.co.kr/mobile/view.asp?gbn=v&code=0500&key=20180901.99099000012|title=이채연, 케이팝스타3→식스틴→프로듀스48 '아이즈원'.. 3번 만에 드디어 데뷔|trans-title=Lee Chaeyeon, K-Pop Star3→Sixteen→Produce 48 'IZ*One'...Finally debuted after 3 times|date=September 1, 2018|access-date=December 22, 2020|language=ko|first=Yu-Jin|last=Lee}}</ref> |- | Sixteen ! scope="row" | 2015 | style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite web |last=Won|first=Ho-jung| url=https://m.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20150429001117 | title='Sixteen' compete for spot in JYP's next girl group | date=April 29, 2015 |work=[[The Korea Herald]]|access-date=July 30, 2024}}</ref> |- |Stray Kids ! scope="row" | 2017 |Participant | style="text-align:center" | <ref name="straykids" /> |- | Universe Ticket ! scope="row" | 2023 | Mentor | style="text-align:center" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.chosun.com/entertainments/broadcast/2023/08/21/QLNNZLWHL4LE5SFIGX4RCS5IKQ/|title=[단독]ITZY 예지-채령, '유니버스 티켓' 멘토 합류...SBS 오디션 인연|language=ko|date=August 21, 2023 |website=[[The Chosun Ilbo]] |trans-title=[Exclusive] Yeji-Chaeryeong of ITZY join 'Universe Ticket' as mentors... SBS audition fate |last=Jung|first=Bit|accessdate=August 21, 2023}}</ref> |} === Web shows === {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+ |- ! scope="col" | Show title ! scope="col" | Year ! scope="col" | Network ! scope="col" | Role ! scope="col" | {{abbr|Ref|Referencess}} |- | Chaeryeong Making Friends ! scope="row" | 2024 | Merry Go Round | Host | style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{cite news|last=Kim|first=Ji-hye|title=있지 채령, 단독 MC 된다... '채령이 배불렁 친구불렁' 론칭|trans-title=Itzy Chaeryeong Becomes Solo MC...'Chaeryeong Making Friends' Launching|url=https://isplus.com/article/view/isp202406040100|access-date=July 30, 2024|work=[[Ilgan Sports]]|date=June 4, 2024|language=ko}}</ref> |} == References == {{reflist}} {{Commons category|Lee Chae-ryeong}} {{Authority control}} {{draft categories|{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaeryeong}} [[Category:2001 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Itzy members]] [[Category:K-pop singers]] [[Category:South Korean dancers]] [[Category:21st-century South Korean singer-songwriters]] [[Category:JYP Entertainment artists]] }} ltry6e4ei3sxfh4kh91d4kcdl773ftc 0 930895 10368585 9234932 2025-07-03T00:32:22Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 1) added a missing-citation tag as needed; 2) fixed a typo of duplication 10368585 wikitext text/x-wiki {{noref}} "Peter & Lois' Wedding" is the sixth episode of the thirty-first season American animated television series [[Family Guy]]. Written by [[Mark Hentemann]] and directed by [[Joe Vaux]], originally aired on November 10, 2019, [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] In the episode, Peter and Lois tell the kids the story of how they met and fell in love. Guest Voices on [[Mike Judge]] as [[Beavis and Butt-Head]] ==Plot== When the Wi-Fi goes out in the Griffin house, to keep the family entertained, Peter and Lois decide to tell the kids the story of how they met and fell in love in the '90s. After graduating, Peter and his friends all move to the big city. But even after a break up with Lois, he still carries a torch for her. He works up the nerve to propose to her but finds that she's already engaged to Tom Tucker at the urging of her father. Peter makes a mix tape to win her back, but when things look settled, Carter plots to set Peter up. Sending everyone to the MTV Beach House, Carter pays Daisy Fuentes to catch Peter in a compromising position, which infuriates Lois when she sees it. Following yet another breakup, Peter and his friends go into business and become tech entrepreneurs, but Peter still can't get over Lois. He interrupts her wedding to Tom Tucker to tell her he still loves her. She still refuses his advances, believing that he kissed Daisy. However, the latter informs her that she kissed Peter on Carter's orders, reconnecting the pair. They elope and are married at [[Fenway Park]], despite some second thoughts from Lois who is already pregnant with Meg. [[Category:Television episodes]] 1w8hi8tmmtmfjnzcg2s3oz85pf5jg67 0 931492 10368335 10187334 2025-07-02T22:03:41Z 81.109.234.179 10368335 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox movie | name = Sonic the Hedgehog 3 | image = | alt = <!--This field is for describing the visuals of the image, for textless browsers and for visually impaired readers.--> | caption = Official logo | director = [[Jeff Fowler]] | screenplay = {{Plainlist| * Patrick Casey * Josh Miller * John Whittington }} | story = {{Plainlist| * Pat Casey * Josh Miller }} | based_on = {{Based on|''[[Sonic the Hedgehog]]''|[[Sega]]}}{{efn|''[[Sonic the Hedgehog (1991 video game)|Sonic the Hedgehog]]'' was developed by [[Sonic Team]], published by [[Sega]], directed and programmed by [[Yuji Naka]], designed by [[Hirokazu Yasuhara]], and illustrated by [[Naoto Ohshima]].<ref name="Origin1">{{Cite web |last=Ocbazghi |first=Emmanuel |last2=Snyder |first2=Chris |date=February 13, 2020 |title=The bizarre evolution of Sonic the Hedgehog |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/every-version-sonic-the-hedgehog-1991-today-evolution-2020-2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214154523/https://www.businessinsider.com/every-version-sonic-the-hedgehog-1991-today-evolution-2020-2 |archive-date=February 14, 2020 |access-date=February 17, 2020 |website=[[Business Insider]] |publisher=[[Axel Springer]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Origin2">{{Cite web |last=Power |first=Ed |date=February 16, 2020 |title=How Sega conquered the video games industry&nbsp;– and then threw it all away |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/games/sega-sonic-hedgehog-nintendo-sony-video-game-a9334771.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217214550/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/games/sega-sonic-hedgehog-nintendo-sony-video-game-a9334771.html |archive-date=February 17, 2020 |access-date=February 17, 2020 |website=[[The Independent]] |language=en-UK}}</ref>}} | producer = {{Plainlist| * Neal H. Moritz * Toby Ascher * Toru Nakahara * Hitoshi Okuno }} | starring = {{Plainlist|<!-- Order per official film website (https://www.sonicthehedgehogmovie.com/synopsis/). Once a poster with a billing block is officially released, order the cast based off it. --> * [[Jim Carrey]] * [[Ben Schwartz]] * [[Krysten Ritter]] * Natasha Rothwell * [[Shemar Moore]] * [[James Marsden]] * [[Tika Sumpter]] * [[Idris Elba]] * [[Keanu Reeves]] }} | cinematography = Brandon Trost | editing = Al LeVine | music = Tom Holkenborg | studio = {{Plainlist| * Sega Sammy Group * Original Film * Marza Animation Planet * Blur Studio }} | distributor = [[Paramount Pictures]] | released = {{Film date|2024|12|20}}<!--DO NOT CHANGE THE DATE--> | runtime = 109 minutes<ref name="AMC Time">{{Cite web |last=McPherson |first=Chris |date=November 14, 2024 |title='Sonic the Hedgehog 3's Runtime Will Have Fans Going Supersonic |url=https://collider.com/sonic-the-hedgehog-3-runtime/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241117121759/https://collider.com/sonic-the-hedgehog-3-runtime/ |archive-date=November 17, 2024 |access-date=November 14, 2024 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |publisher=[[Valnet]] |language=en-US}}</ref> | country = {{Plainlist| * United States * Japan }} | language = English | budget = | gross = }} '''''Sonic the Hedgehog 3''''' (known in Japan as '''''Sonic x Shadow TOKYO MISSION''''') is a 2024 American-Japanese movie based on the ''[[Sonic the Hedgehog]]'' video game series from [[Sega]]. It is the sequel to [[Sonic the Hedgehog (movie)|''Sonic the Hedgehog'']] (2020) and [[Sonic the Hedgehog 2 (movie)|''Sonic the Hedgehog 2'']] (2022). The movie is distributed by [[Paramount Pictures]]. It was released on December 20, 2024. A fourth film is scheduled to be released in March 2027. ==Plot== {{expand section|date=April 2025}} One day, Prison Island's systems are attacked by Eggman tech, which breaks free Shadow the Hedgehog, that was imprisoned in a test tube because of a terrible accident 50 years ago. Shadow knocks out everyone in the base and heads to Shibuya. Meanwhile, Team Sonic is enjoying their day, when suddenly, a G.U.N. helicopter arrives near them. Team Sonic is assigned by G.U.N. to find Shadow and bring him back to Prison Island. But they have to join forces with their arch nemesis Dr. Ivo Robotnik. But later finds out the Attack was by from Gerald Robotnik, Ivo's grandfather. ==Cast== <!--Text from this section was copied from Sonic the Hedgehog 3 (film) on Wikipedia--> ===Voice cast=== * [[Ben Schwartz]] as: ** [[Sonic the Hedgehog (character)|Sonic the Hedgehog]]: An [[Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] blue [[hedgehog]] who can run at supersonic speeds.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Bankhurst |first=Adam |date=February 2, 2024 |title=Sonic the Hedgehog 3 Adds Krysten Ritter, Cristo Fernández, Alyla Browne, and More |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/sonic-the-hedgehog-3-adds-krysten-ritter-cristo-fernndez-alyla-browne-and-more |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202171109/https://www.ign.com/articles/sonic-the-hedgehog-3-adds-krysten-ritter-cristo-fernndez-alyla-browne-and-more |archive-date=February 2, 2024 |access-date=February 2, 2024 |website=[[IGN]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ** Metal Sonic, a robotic doppelganger of Sonic made by Dr. Eggman Aka Dr Robotnik who's Alive and Built Metel Sonic to get revenge on Sonic Again. * [[Colleen O'Shaughnessey]] as [[Miles "Tails" Prower]]: An anthropomorphic yellow-orange [[fox]] who can fly with his twin-tails.<ref name=":3" /> * [[Idris Elba]] as [[Knuckles the Echidna]]: A hot-headed and serious anthropomorphic red [[echidna]] warrior with super strength.<ref name=":3" /> * [[Keanu Reeves]] as [[Shadow the Hedgehog]]: An anthropomorphic red-striped black hedgehog resulting from a secret government program called Project Shadow. * [[Amy Rose]]: An anthropomorphic pink hedgehog who saves Sonic from the Metal Sonic army, has a non-speaking appearance in the first [[post-credits scene]]. but good news will have roles in the Sonic Movie 4 coming to Theathers March 19th 2027 coming soon. === Live-action cast === * [[James Marsden]] as: ** Tom Wachowski, the adoptive father of Sonic, Tails, and Knuckles, and the sheriff of Green Hills, [[Montana]].<ref name=":3" /> ** Little Tom, Tom's [[puppet]]. * [[Tika Sumpter]] as Maddie Wachowski, Tom's wife, the adoptive mother of Sonic, Tails, and Knuckles, and the local [[veterinarian]] of Green Hills.<ref name=":3" /> * [[Jim Carrey]] as: ** [[Doctor Eggman|Dr. Ivo Robotnik]], a mad scientist and Sonic's arch-nemesis who he often refers to as "Eggman".<ref name=":3" /> ** Gerald Robotnik, Ivo and Maria's grandfather and Shadow's creator. * [[Lee Majdoub]] as Agent Stone, Robotnik's assistant.<ref name=":3" /> * Tom Butler as Commander Walters, the former Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff who is now the leader of the military organization Guardian Units of Nations (G.U.N.).<ref name=":3" /> ** James Wolk as Young Walters * Alyla Browne as Maria Robotnik<!--Per WP:CRYSTAL, do not add the name "Robotnik", as while she is based on the character, there has not yet been any promotional material released to indicate her last name or general role in the film--><ref name="MARIA">{{Cite web |last=Perine |first=Aaron |date=February 16, 2024 |title=Sonic the Hedgehog 3 Star Confirms Casting As Fan-Favorite Character |url=https://comicbook.com/gaming/news/sonic-the-hedgehog-3-shadow-alyla-browne-maria-sonic-adventure-2-casting-confirmed/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419222613/https://comicbook.com/gaming/news/sonic-the-hedgehog-3-shadow-alyla-browne-maria-sonic-adventure-2-casting-confirmed/ |archive-date=April 19, 2024 |access-date=April 18, 2024 |website=[[ComicBook.com]]}}</ref> * [[Krysten Ritter]] as Capital Rockwell * Sofia Pernas as Gabriella, Pablo and Juan's love interest from ''La Última Pasión, a [[TV show]] that Ivo watches.'' * Cristo Fernandez as Pablo and Juan, twin brothers who appear in ''La Última Pasión'' ''who fight over Gabriella's love.'' * Jorma Taccone as Kyle Lancebottom ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{movie-stub}} {{Sonic franchise}} [[Category:2024 movies]] [[Category:Movies based on video games]] [[Category:Movies set in Tokyo]] [[Category:Paramount Pictures movies]] [[Category:Sonic the Hedgehog movies]] [[Category:Sonic the Hedgehog]] quqzfpu3pmdbt0q41wyvi539nkpthpk 0 932182 10368174 10367517 2025-07-02T19:59:41Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 added [[Category:1980 disestablishments in the United Kingdom]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10368174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | alt_name = | genre = [[Drama]] | creator = [[Cyril Abraham]] | developer = | writer = | based_on = | director = | creative_director = | presenter = | starring = {{Plainlist| *[[Peter Gilmore]] *[[Anne Stallybrass]] *[[Jessica Benton]] *[[Howard Lang]] }} | judges = | voices = | narrated = | theme_music_composer = | opentheme = [[Spartacus (ballet)|Adagio of Spartacus and Phrygia]] by [[Aram Khachaturian]] | endtheme = | composer = | country = United Kingdom | language = English | num_series = 8<!-- or num_series --> | num_episodes = 91 | list_episodes = List of Onedin Line episodes | executive_producer = | producer = Anthony Coburn (pilot episode), Peter Graham Scott | editor = | location = | cinematography = | camera = | runtime = 49-51 minutes | company = [[BBC]] | channel = [[BBC One]] | first_aired = {{Start date|1971|10|15|df=y}} | last_aired = {{End date|1980|10|26|df=y}} | related = }} '''''The Onedin Line''''' was a [[drama]] [[Television program|TV show]] about a [[family]] who runs a [[Transport|shipping]] company in the late [[19th century]]. It was on the [[BBC]] from 1971 to 1980 for 8 seasons and 91 episodes. It starred [[Peter Gilmore]] playing the title character. [[File:Howard Lang as Captain William Baines.jpg|thumb|Howard Lang playing the character William Baines]] ==Other websites== * {{BBC programme}} * [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0074035/ The Internet Movie Database] * [http://www.sound-research.co.uk/onedin_line.htm There were 91 episodes broadcast from October 1971 to October 1980 see this link for a complete list and more details] * [http://www.gilmore-stallybrass.eu/ Anne Stallybrass & Peter Gilmore, the actors who played Anne and James Onedin] * [http://www.michaelbriant.com/onedin_line.htm Website of Michael E Briant, who directed some of the episodes] {{Television-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Onedin Line, The}} [[Category:1971 television series debuts]] [[Category:1980 television series endings]] [[Category:1980s British drama television series]] [[Category:1970s British drama television series]] [[Category:English-language television programs]] [[Category:1980s British television series endings]] [[Category:1980 disestablishments in the United Kingdom]] hup2sflej93yony0w2hbqhq79mtaqdi 0 933054 10368777 10297968 2025-07-03T02:40:28Z 58.226.134.127 10368777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Lia Thomas | image = Lia Thomas in Boston, Massachusetts.jpg | caption = Thomas in 2022 | birth_name = <!-- Do NOT include this parameter; see [[MOS:DEADNAME]] --> | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1999|05}} | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | education = [[University of Pennsylvania]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) | known_for = First openly [[transgender]] athlete to win an [[NCAA Division I]] national championship | module = {{Infobox swimmer | embed = yes | height = 6 ft 1 in<ref>{{cite news |last=Jenkins |first=Sally |title=Lia Thomas's Swimming Is Getting Swamped in Others' Fears|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2022/03/17/lia-thomas-ncaa-swimming-championships/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=March 24, 2022 |archive-date=March 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319211946/https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2022/03/17/lia-thomas-ncaa-swimming-championships/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | strokes = [[Freestyle swimming|Freestyle sprint]]<br>[[Long-distance swimming|Distance]] | collegeteam = [[University of Pennsylvania]]}} }} '''Lia Catherine Thomas''' (born May 1999)<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Sanchez |first=Robert |date=2022-03-03 |title='I Am Lia': The Trans Swimmer Dividing America Tells Her Story |url=https://www.si.com/college/2022/03/03/lia-thomas-penn-swimmer-transgender-woman-daily-cover |access-date=2022-03-04 |website=Sports Illustrated |language=en-us}}</ref> is an American swimmer. he was a student at the [[University of Pennsylvania]]. he is the first openly transgender athlete to win an NCAA Division I national championship, having won the women's 500-yard freestyle event in 2022. During her swimming career, Thomas has been part of the public debate about transgender women in women's sports.<ref name="Witz">{{Cite news|last=Witz|first=Billy|date=January 24, 2022|title=As Lia Thomas Swims, Debate About Transgender Athletes Swirls|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/24/sports/lia-thomas-transgender-swimmer.html|url-status=live|access-date=January 29, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129141652/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/24/sports/lia-thomas-transgender-swimmer.html|archive-date=January 29, 2022|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="Levenson">{{Cite web|last=Levenson|first=Eric|date=2022-02-23|title=How an Ivy League swimmer became the face of the debate on transgender women in sports|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/22/us/lia-thomas-transgender-swimmer-ivy-league/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109171951/https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/22/us/lia-thomas-transgender-swimmer-ivy-league/index.html|archive-date=January 9, 2023|access-date=2022-03-02|website=CNN}}</ref><ref name="guardian-13dec2021">{{cite news|last1=Ingle|first1=Sean|date=December 13, 2021|title=Sport's trans issue is here to stay. But at last, the debate is starting to change|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2021/dec/13/swimming-trans-debate-starting-to-change|url-status=live|access-date=January 29, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129163737/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2021/dec/13/swimming-trans-debate-starting-to-change|archive-date=January 29, 2022}}</ref> == Legal challenge == In January 2024, Thomas opened a [[legal challenge]] to the [[World Aquatics]] gender inclusion policy. The policy was introduced in 2022, which allows trans women to compete in the women's category as long as any male [[puberty]] was stopped by age 12 or [[Tanner_scale|Tanner Stage]] 2. Thomas' challenge argued that this policy is [[discriminatory]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Close|first=David|last2=Tucker|first2=Emma|date=2024-01-27|title=Transgender swimmer Lia Thomas begins legal case against swimming’s world governing body|url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/26/us/lia-thomas-world-aquatics-transgender-athletes-swimming/index.html|access-date=2024-01-27|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Webb|first=Karleigh|title=Lia Thomas has filed challenge to World Aquatics’ trans ban, confirms Court of Arbitration for Sport|url=https://www.outsports.com/2024/1/26/24051831/lia-thomas-swimming-cas-arbitration-discrimination-world-aquatics-trans-inclusion/|access-date=2024-05-13|website=OutSports}}</ref> In June 2024, the [[Court of Arbitration for Sport]] ruled that Thomas did not have [[Standing_(law)|standing]] to challenge the policy, meaning he wouldn't be allowed to compete.<ref name="usatoday">[https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2024/06/12/transgender-swimmer-lia-thomas-loses-legal-challenge/74071662007/ Transgender swimmer Lia Thomas loses legal challenge in CAS ruling], ''[[USA Today]],'' June 12, 2024</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=10 June 2024|title=Lia Thomas v. World Aquatics|url=https://www.tas-cas.org/fileadmin/user_upload/10000_Arbitral_Award__for_publ._.pdf|website=[[Court of Arbitration for Sport]]}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Thomas, Lia}} [[Category:1999 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American swimmers]] [[Category:Sportspeople from Pennsylvania]] [[Category:LGBT people from Pennsylvania]] [[Category:Transgender women]] o7wg5xpunbql2p0vuv0i2gvyavovfew 10368780 10368777 2025-07-03T02:41:17Z 58.226.134.127 10368780 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Lia Thomas | image = Lia Thomas in Boston, Massachusetts.jpg | caption = Thomas in 2022 | birth_name = <!-- Do NOT include this parameter; see [[MOS:DEADNAME]] --> | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1999|05}} | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | education = [[University of Pennsylvania]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) | known_for = First openly [[transgender]] athlete to win an [[NCAA Division I]] national championship | module = {{Infobox swimmer | embed = yes | height = 6 ft 1 in<ref>{{cite news |last=Jenkins |first=Sally |title=Lia Thomas's Swimming Is Getting Swamped in Others' Fears|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2022/03/17/lia-thomas-ncaa-swimming-championships/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=March 24, 2022 |archive-date=March 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319211946/https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2022/03/17/lia-thomas-ncaa-swimming-championships/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | strokes = [[Freestyle swimming|Freestyle sprint]]<br>[[Long-distance swimming|Distance]] | collegeteam = [[University of Pennsylvania]]}} }} '''Lia Catherine Thomas''' (born May 1999)<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Sanchez |first=Robert |date=2022-03-03 |title='I Am Lia': The Trans Swimmer Dividing America Tells Her Story |url=https://www.si.com/college/2022/03/03/lia-thomas-penn-swimmer-transgender-woman-daily-cover |access-date=2022-03-04 |website=Sports Illustrated |language=en-us}}</ref> is an American swimmer. he was a student at the [[University of Pennsylvania]]. He is the first openly transgender athlete to win an NCAA Division I national championship, having won the women's 500-yard freestyle event in 2022. During her swimming career, Thomas has been part of the public debate about transgender women in women's sports.<ref name="Witz">{{Cite news|last=Witz|first=Billy|date=January 24, 2022|title=As Lia Thomas Swims, Debate About Transgender Athletes Swirls|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/24/sports/lia-thomas-transgender-swimmer.html|url-status=live|access-date=January 29, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129141652/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/24/sports/lia-thomas-transgender-swimmer.html|archive-date=January 29, 2022|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="Levenson">{{Cite web|last=Levenson|first=Eric|date=2022-02-23|title=How an Ivy League swimmer became the face of the debate on transgender women in sports|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/22/us/lia-thomas-transgender-swimmer-ivy-league/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109171951/https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/22/us/lia-thomas-transgender-swimmer-ivy-league/index.html|archive-date=January 9, 2023|access-date=2022-03-02|website=CNN}}</ref><ref name="guardian-13dec2021">{{cite news|last1=Ingle|first1=Sean|date=December 13, 2021|title=Sport's trans issue is here to stay. But at last, the debate is starting to change|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2021/dec/13/swimming-trans-debate-starting-to-change|url-status=live|access-date=January 29, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129163737/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2021/dec/13/swimming-trans-debate-starting-to-change|archive-date=January 29, 2022}}</ref> == Legal challenge == In January 2024, Thomas opened a [[legal challenge]] to the [[World Aquatics]] gender inclusion policy. The policy was introduced in 2022, which allows trans women to compete in the women's category as long as any male [[puberty]] was stopped by age 12 or [[Tanner_scale|Tanner Stage]] 2. Thomas' challenge argued that this policy is [[discriminatory]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Close|first=David|last2=Tucker|first2=Emma|date=2024-01-27|title=Transgender swimmer Lia Thomas begins legal case against swimming’s world governing body|url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/26/us/lia-thomas-world-aquatics-transgender-athletes-swimming/index.html|access-date=2024-01-27|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Webb|first=Karleigh|title=Lia Thomas has filed challenge to World Aquatics’ trans ban, confirms Court of Arbitration for Sport|url=https://www.outsports.com/2024/1/26/24051831/lia-thomas-swimming-cas-arbitration-discrimination-world-aquatics-trans-inclusion/|access-date=2024-05-13|website=OutSports}}</ref> In June 2024, the [[Court of Arbitration for Sport]] ruled that Thomas did not have [[Standing_(law)|standing]] to challenge the policy, meaning he wouldn't be allowed to compete.<ref name="usatoday">[https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2024/06/12/transgender-swimmer-lia-thomas-loses-legal-challenge/74071662007/ Transgender swimmer Lia Thomas loses legal challenge in CAS ruling], ''[[USA Today]],'' June 12, 2024</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=10 June 2024|title=Lia Thomas v. World Aquatics|url=https://www.tas-cas.org/fileadmin/user_upload/10000_Arbitral_Award__for_publ._.pdf|website=[[Court of Arbitration for Sport]]}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Thomas, Lia}} [[Category:1999 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American swimmers]] [[Category:Sportspeople from Pennsylvania]] [[Category:LGBT people from Pennsylvania]] [[Category:Transgender women]] rwdfhpmi08twst6imrpqkf0aaarm4j3 10368781 10368780 2025-07-03T02:41:47Z 58.226.134.127 10368781 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Lia Thomas | image = Lia Thomas in Boston, Massachusetts.jpg | caption = Thomas in 2022 | birth_name = <!-- Do NOT include this parameter; see [[MOS:DEADNAME]] --> | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1999|05}} | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | education = [[University of Pennsylvania]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) | known_for = First openly [[transgender]] athlete to win an [[NCAA Division I]] national championship | module = {{Infobox swimmer | embed = yes | height = 6 ft 1 in<ref>{{cite news |last=Jenkins |first=Sally |title=Lia Thomas's Swimming Is Getting Swamped in Others' Fears|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2022/03/17/lia-thomas-ncaa-swimming-championships/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=March 24, 2022 |archive-date=March 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319211946/https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2022/03/17/lia-thomas-ncaa-swimming-championships/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | strokes = [[Freestyle swimming|Freestyle sprint]]<br>[[Long-distance swimming|Distance]] | collegeteam = [[University of Pennsylvania]]}} }} '''Lia Catherine Thomas''' (born May 1999)<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Sanchez |first=Robert |date=2022-03-03 |title='I Am Lia': The Trans Swimmer Dividing America Tells Her Story |url=https://www.si.com/college/2022/03/03/lia-thomas-penn-swimmer-transgender-woman-daily-cover |access-date=2022-03-04 |website=Sports Illustrated |language=en-us}}</ref> is an American swimmer. He was a student at the [[University of Pennsylvania]]. He is the first openly transgender athlete to win an NCAA Division I national championship, having won the women's 500-yard freestyle event in 2022. During his swimming career, Thomas has been part of the public debate about transgender women in women's sports.<ref name="Witz">{{Cite news|last=Witz|first=Billy|date=January 24, 2022|title=As Lia Thomas Swims, Debate About Transgender Athletes Swirls|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/24/sports/lia-thomas-transgender-swimmer.html|url-status=live|access-date=January 29, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129141652/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/24/sports/lia-thomas-transgender-swimmer.html|archive-date=January 29, 2022|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="Levenson">{{Cite web|last=Levenson|first=Eric|date=2022-02-23|title=How an Ivy League swimmer became the face of the debate on transgender women in sports|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/22/us/lia-thomas-transgender-swimmer-ivy-league/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109171951/https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/22/us/lia-thomas-transgender-swimmer-ivy-league/index.html|archive-date=January 9, 2023|access-date=2022-03-02|website=CNN}}</ref><ref name="guardian-13dec2021">{{cite news|last1=Ingle|first1=Sean|date=December 13, 2021|title=Sport's trans issue is here to stay. But at last, the debate is starting to change|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2021/dec/13/swimming-trans-debate-starting-to-change|url-status=live|access-date=January 29, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129163737/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2021/dec/13/swimming-trans-debate-starting-to-change|archive-date=January 29, 2022}}</ref> == Legal challenge == In January 2024, Thomas opened a [[legal challenge]] to the [[World Aquatics]] gender inclusion policy. The policy was introduced in 2022, which allows trans women to compete in the women's category as long as any male [[puberty]] was stopped by age 12 or [[Tanner_scale|Tanner Stage]] 2. Thomas' challenge argued that this policy is [[discriminatory]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Close|first=David|last2=Tucker|first2=Emma|date=2024-01-27|title=Transgender swimmer Lia Thomas begins legal case against swimming’s world governing body|url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/26/us/lia-thomas-world-aquatics-transgender-athletes-swimming/index.html|access-date=2024-01-27|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Webb|first=Karleigh|title=Lia Thomas has filed challenge to World Aquatics’ trans ban, confirms Court of Arbitration for Sport|url=https://www.outsports.com/2024/1/26/24051831/lia-thomas-swimming-cas-arbitration-discrimination-world-aquatics-trans-inclusion/|access-date=2024-05-13|website=OutSports}}</ref> In June 2024, the [[Court of Arbitration for Sport]] ruled that Thomas did not have [[Standing_(law)|standing]] to challenge the policy, meaning he wouldn't be allowed to compete.<ref name="usatoday">[https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2024/06/12/transgender-swimmer-lia-thomas-loses-legal-challenge/74071662007/ Transgender swimmer Lia Thomas loses legal challenge in CAS ruling], ''[[USA Today]],'' June 12, 2024</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=10 June 2024|title=Lia Thomas v. World Aquatics|url=https://www.tas-cas.org/fileadmin/user_upload/10000_Arbitral_Award__for_publ._.pdf|website=[[Court of Arbitration for Sport]]}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Thomas, Lia}} [[Category:1999 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American swimmers]] [[Category:Sportspeople from Pennsylvania]] [[Category:LGBT people from Pennsylvania]] [[Category:Transgender women]] gysd9wlijyqxkry8jggoh8yv1adcj45 14 933149 10368175 10287105 2025-07-02T19:59:57Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 rmv popcat 10368175 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DisestcatCountry|the United Kingdom|United Kingdom}} [[Category:1980 disestablishments in Europe|United Kingdom]] m5j58wt5mgeusubsumdkd8we07irz8l 0 933696 10367590 10270889 2025-07-02T12:14:06Z 31.203.131.34 10367590 wikitext text/x-wiki This is a list of programs currently, soon to be, and currently broadcast by the children's television channel [[Qubo]] in the United States. ==Qubo Channel== ===Former programming=== ====Original programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[My Friend Rabbit]]'' |October 6, 2007 |August 25, 2021 | |- |''[[Turbo Dogs]]'' |October 4, 2008 |September 27, 2015 | |- |''[[Shelldon]]'' |October 16, 2009 |September 30, 2012 | |} ====Acquired programming==== =====[[NBCUniversal]]===== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Boo! (TV series)|Boo!]]'' |rowspan=2|January 8, 2007 |June 29, 2012 | |- |''[[Sitting Ducks (TV series)|Sitting Ducks]]'' |June 30, 2012 | |- |''[[3-2-1 Penguins!]]'' |rowspan=3|January 14, 2007 |August 31, 2014 | |- |''[[LarryBoy: The Cartoon Adventures]]'' |rowspan=2|September 13, 2009 | |- |''[[VeggieTales]]'' | |- |''[[Postman Pat]]'' |October 6, 2007 |September 24, 2010 | |- |''[[Maisy]]'' |November 3, 2008 |June 29, 2012 | |- |''[[BraveStarr]]'' |rowspan=3|September 27, 2010 |rowspan=3|August 25, 2013 | |- |''[[He-Man and the Masters of the Universe]]'' | |- |''[[She-Ra: Princess of Power]]'' | |- |''[[Ghostbusters (1986 TV series)|Ghostbusters]]'' |September 28, 2010 |August 26, 2013 | |- |''[[Guess with Jess]]'' |May 13, 2013 |December 25, 2016 | |} =====[[Corus Entertainment]]===== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Pecola]]'' |rowspan=2|January 8, 2007 |July 26, 2020 | |- |''[[Rupert (TV series)|Rupert]]'' |July 25, 2020 | |- |''[[Babar (TV series)|Babar]]'' |rowspan=3|January 14, 2007 |February 23, 2021 | |- |''[[Jane and the Dragon (TV series)|Jane and the Dragon]]'' |February 26, 2021 | |- |''[[Jacob Two-Two (TV series)|Jacob Two-Two]]'' |December 30, 2017 | |- |''[[Being Ian]]'' |rowspan=4|September 19, 2009 |January 1, 2021 | |- |''[[Class of the Titans]]'' |July 25, 2020 | |- |''[[Pearlie]]'' |July 26, 2020 | |- |''[[Spliced (TV series)|Spliced]]'' |March 31, 2012 | |- |''[[Willa's Wild Life]]'' |rowspan=3|October 26, 2009 |October 25, 2020 | |- |''[[Pippi Longstocking (1997 TV series)|Pippi Longstocking]]'' |July 26, 2020 | |- |''[[Rescue Heroes (TV series)|Rescue Heroes]]'' |February 27, 2021 | |- |''[[George and Martha]]'' |rowspan=4|March 28, 2016 |December 30, 2018 | |- |''[[Grossology (TV series)|Grossology]]'' |July 25, 2020 | |- |''[[Ned's Newt]]'' |rowspan=2|July 24, 2020 | |- |''[[Stickin' Around]]'' | |- |''[[Scaredy Squirrel (TV series)|Scaredy Squirrel]]'' |rowspan=2|March 27, 2017 |July 24, 2020 | |- |''[[Sidekick (TV series)|Sidekick]]'' |July 25, 2020 | |- |''[[Maggie and the Ferocious Beast]]'' |May 28, 2018 |February 27, 2021 | |- |''[[Mike the Knight]]'' |rowspan=2|December 30, 2019 |December 4, 2020 | |- |''[[Babar and the Adventures of Badou]]'' |February 27, 2021 | |- |''Super BOOMi'' |December 7, 2020 |rowspan=2|February 26, 2021 |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Qubo - Show - Super Boomi|url=https://qubo.com/show/super-boomi|access-date=2020-12-05|website=Qubo|language=en|archive-date=2020-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203165428/https://qubo.com/show/super-boomi|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[Franklin (TV series)|Franklin]]'' |January 1, 2021 |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://qubo.com/show/franklin|title=ION - Positively Entertaining|access-date=2020-12-09|archive-date=2021-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303052800/https://qubo.com/show/franklin|url-status=dead}}</ref> |} =====[[Scholastic Entertainment|Scholastic]] Entertainment===== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Dragon (TV series)|Dragon]]'' |January 14, 2007 |September 25, 2015 | |- |''Sammy's Story Shop'' |November 3, 2008 |September 27, 2015 | |- |''[[Animorphs (TV series)|Animorphs]]'' |rowspan=4|May 18, 2013 |rowspan=2|September 27, 2015 | |- |''[[Dear America]]'' | |- |''[[I Spy (2002 TV series)|I Spy]]'' |September 25, 2015 | |- |''[[The Royal Diaries]]'' |September 27, 2015 | |} =====[[9 Story Media Group]]===== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Timeblazers]]'' |February 18, 2012 |December 30, 2017 | |- |''[[Artzooka!]]'' |rowspan=2|June 30, 2012 |March 25, 2018 | |- |''[[Harry and His Bucket Full of Dinosaurs]]'' |December 25, 2020 | |- |''Joe & Jack'' |January 3, 2015 |February 28, 2021 | |- |''[[Wibbly Pig]]'' |January 1, 2018 |February 26, 2021 | |- |''Look Kool'' |January 6, 2018 |February 28, 2021 | |- |''Monkey See, Monkey Do'' |March 26, 2018 |December 4, 2020 | |- |''Bubu and the Little Owls'' |December 31, 2018 |February 26, 2021 | |- |''[[Finding Stuff Out]]'' |September 30, 2019 |February 21, 2021 | |- |''Vivi'' |January 4, 2020 |December 25, 2020 | |- |''[[The Magic School Bus Rides Again]]'' |November 1, 2020 |February 28, 2021 |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://qubo.com/show/the-Magic-school-bus-rides-again|title=ION - Positively Entertaining|access-date=2020-11-01|archive-date=2021-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305142338/https://qubo.com/show/the-magic-school-bus-rides-again|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[Science Max]]'' |December 6, 2020 |February 28, 2021 |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Qubo - Show - Science Max|url=https://qubo.com/show/science-max|access-date=2020-12-05|website=Qubo|language=en|archive-date=2020-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203230149/https://qubo.com/show/science-max|url-status=dead}}</ref> |} =====[[WildBrain]]===== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Where on Earth Is Carmen Sandiego?]]'' |June 9, 2012 |rowspan=2|May 26, 2018 | |- |''[[Archie's Weird Mysteries]]'' |rowspan=2|May 13, 2013 | |- |''[[Sherlock Holmes in the 22nd Century]]'' |May 25, 2018 | |- |''[[Monster Math Squad]]'' |October 1, 2018 |February 26, 2021 | |- |''[[Madeline (TV series)|Madeline]]'' |October 6, 2018 |February 22, 2021 | |- |''[[The Adventures of Paddington Bear]]'' |October 7, 2018 |February 25, 2021 | |- |''[[Pirates: Adventures in Art]]'' |January 6, 2019 |December 25, 2020 | |- |''[[Inspector Gadget (1983 TV series)|Inspector Gadget]]'' |August 31, 2019 |February 28, 2021 |<ref name="auto" /> |- |''[[Fireman Sam]]'' |rowspan=2|September 30, 2019 |February 26, 2021 |<ref name="auto" /> |- |''[[Rainbow Ruby]]'' |January 29, 2021 | |- |''[[Jerry and the Raiders]]'' |October 5, 2019 |February 26, 2021 | |- |''[[Kate & Mim-Mim]]'' |rowspan=2|December 7, 2020 |rowspan=2|February 26, 2021 |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Qubo - Show - Kate & Mim-mim|url=https://qubo.com/show/kate-mim-mim|access-date=2020-12-05|website=Qubo|language=en|archive-date=2020-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203230527/https://qubo.com/show/kate-mim-mim|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''You & Me'' |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Qubo - Show - You & Me|url=https://qubo.com/show/you-me|access-date=2020-12-05|website=Qubo|language=en|archive-date=2020-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203165336/https://qubo.com/show/you-me|url-status=dead}}</ref> |} =====[[Splash Entertainment]]===== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''Dive, Olly, Dive!'' |April 7, 2014 |February 28, 2021 | |- |''[[Pet Alien]]'' |June 26, 2017 |February 27, 2021 | |- |''[[Cosmic Quantum Ray]]'' |rowspan=2|July 30, 2018 |rowspan=2|February 26, 2021 | |- |''[[The DaVincibles]]'' | |} =====[[Bellum Entertainment Group]]===== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Animal Atlas]]'' |June 9, 2012 |July 28, 2018 | |- |''Zoo Clues'' |December 26, 2016 |August 25, 2019 | |- |''Safari Tracks'' |March 27, 2017 |August 26, 2019 | |} =====Other companies===== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Miss BG]]'' |December 3, 2007 |August 25, 2013 | |- |''[[Gofrette]]'' |November 3, 2008 |September 24, 2017 | |- |''[[Animal Exploration with Jarod Miller]]'' |rowspan=2|July 3, 2010 |December 28, 2014 | |- |''[[Mighty Machines]]'' |August 31, 2014 | |- |''[[The Mysteries of Alfred Hedgehog]]'' |September 27, 2010 |September 25, 2016 | |- |''[[Dex Hamilton: Alien Entomologist]]'' |February 18, 2012 |December 27, 2014 | |- |''[[Taste Buds (TV series)|Taste Buds]]'' |June 30, 2012 |May 24, 2014 | |- |''[[Eliot Kid]]'' |rowspan=2|May 13, 2013 |December 25, 2016 | |- |''[[Sandra the Fairytale Detective|Sandra, the Fairytale Detective]]'' |October 1, 2018 | |- |''[[Litton's Weekend Adventure|Culture Click]]'' |May 18, 2013 |December 27, 2015 | |- |''Funniest Pets & People'' |March 1, 2014 |February 27, 2021 | |- |''[[Famous 5: On the Case]]'' |rowspan=2|March 3, 2014 |rowspan=2|November 25, 2017 | |- |''[[Sally Bollywood: Super Detective]]'' | |- |''[[Mickey's Farm]]'' |December 6, 2014 |July 24, 2020 | |- |''The Choo Choo Bob Show'' |rowspan=2|December 29, 2014 |March 29, 2020 | |- |''[[Denver, the Last Dinosaur]]'' |December 24, 2018 | |- |''[[This is Daniel Cook.]]'' |March 30, 2015 |December 28, 2018 | |- |''[[Nutri Ventures - The Quest for the 7 Kingdoms|Nutri Ventures]]'' |April 25, 2016 |January 5, 2019 | |- |''[[Secret Millionaires Club|Secret Millionaires' Club]]'' |rowspan=2|December 26, 2016 |February 26, 2021 | |- |''[[Xploration Station|Xploration Animal Science]]'' |September 30, 2018 | |- |''[[Giver (TV series)|Giver]]'' |June 26, 2017 |December 27, 2020 | |- |''[[Chirp (TV series)|Chirp]]'' |September 25, 2017 |January 29, 2021 | |- |''[[Stella and Sam]]'' |April 1, 2018 |February 27, 2021 | |- |''[[Messy Goes to Okido]]'' |December 7, 2020 |rowspan=2|February 26, 2021 |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Qubo - Show - Messy Goes To Okido|url=https://qubo.com/show/messy-goes-to-okido|access-date=2020-12-05|website=Qubo|language=en|archive-date=2020-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203165548/https://qubo.com/show/messy-goes-to-okido|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[Justin Time (TV series)|Justin Time]]'' |January 4, 2021 |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://qubo.com/show/justin-time|title=ION - Positively Entertaining|access-date=2020-12-17|archive-date=2021-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303052445/https://qubo.com/show/justin-time|url-status=dead}}</ref> |} ====Programming from [[Nick Jr.]]==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[The Busy World of Richard Scarry]]'' |May 13, 2013 |May 26, 2020 | |- |''[[Miss Spider's Sunny Patch Friends]]'' |October 1, 2018 |February 26, 2021 | |} ====Programming from [[Discovery Kids]]==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[ToddWorld]]'' |April 7, 2014 |rowspan=2|February 26, 2021 | |- |''[[Doki (TV series)|Doki]]'' |September 1, 2014 | |- |''[[Fishtronaut]]'' |rowspan=2|March 30, 2015 |December 25, 2020 | |- |''[[Bigfoot Presents: Meteor and the Mighty Monster Trucks|Meteor and the Mighty Monster Trucks]]'' |December 31, 2017 | |} ====Programming from [[PBS Kids]]==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Theodore Tugboat]]'' |rowspan=4|January 8, 2007 |September 13, 2009 | |- |''[[Elliot Moose (TV series)|Elliot Moose]]'' |September 24, 2010 | |- |''[[Lamb Chop's Play-Along]]'' |September 13, 2009 | |- |''[[Marvin the Tap-Dancing Horse]]'' |July 24, 2021 | |- |''[[The Zula Patrol]]'' |July 4, 2008 |September 29, 2018 | |- |''[[Adventures from the Book of Virtues]]'' |November 3, 2008 |September 24, 2017 | |- |''[[The Magic School Bus (TV series)|The Magic School Bus]]'' |September 27, 2010 |February 10, 2012 | |- |''[[Jakers! The Adventures of Piggley Winks]]'' |June 30, 2012 |February 26, 2021 | |- |''[[Anne of Green Gables: The Animated Series]]'' |rowspan=2|May 13, 2013 |December 25, 2016 | |- |''[[Timothy Goes to School]]'' |July 24, 2020 | |- |''[[Raggs]]'' |September 1, 2014 |July 27, 2018 | |- |''Thomas Edison's Secret Lab'' |December 26, 2016 |February 26, 2021 | |- |''[[Bob the Builder (2015 TV series)|Bob the Builder]]'' (2015) |August 26, 2019 |February 27, 2021 |<ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=Press kit|url=https://ef4053d636c8c3c65fe5-53dd2d41f5e8f71ab7be7bde4d129736.ssl.cf5.rackcdn.com/press-kits/imn-press-kit.zip|access-date=2020-06-13|website=rackcdn.com|archive-date=2020-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128083247/https://ef4053d636c8c3c65fe5-53dd2d41f5e8f71ab7be7bde4d129736.ssl.cf5.rackcdn.com/press-kits/imn-press-kit.zip|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[Bob the Builder]]'' (1999) |October 7, 2020 |February 24, 2021 |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Qubo - Show - Bob the Builder (Classic)|url=https://qubo.com/show/bob-the-builder-classic|access-date=2020-10-03|website=Qubo|language=en|archive-date=2020-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002130517/https://qubo.com/show/bob-the-builder-classic|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[Jay Jay the Jet Plane]]'' |February 1, 2021 |February 26, 2021 |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://qubo.com/show/jay-jay-the-jet-plane|title=ION - Positively Entertaining|access-date=2021-02-21|archive-date=2021-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303052618/https://qubo.com/show/jay-jay-the-jet-plane|url-status=dead}}</ref> |} ====Interstitial programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''Ask Me!'' |January 8, 2007 |January 31, 2021 | |- |''[[The Zimmer Twins]]'' |rowspan=2|November 3, 2008 |2010 | |- |''Vitaminix'' |February 22, 2011 | |- |''Animal Bites'' |July 3, 2010 |November 5, 2014 | |- |''Wibbly Pig'' shorts |rowspan=4|July 29, 2019 |rowspan=5|February 28, 2021 | |- |''[[Zerby Derby]]'' shorts | |- |''Ruby's Studio'' | |- |''I'm an Animal'' | |- |''BatteryPOP'' |August 12, 2019 | |} ====Blocks==== {| class="wikitable sortable |+ !Titles !Launch date !End date !Source(s) |- |''Qubo Night Owl'' |September 28, 2010 |January 7, 2019 |<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmclSG1iB4E | title=Qubo 2011 Night Owl {{sic|nolink=y|Commer|ical}} (Short Version) | website=[[YouTube]] | date=12 March 2011 | access-date=2022-12-21 | archive-date=2022-12-21 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221161015/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmclSG1iB4E | url-status=live }}</ref> |- |''[[Stride, Inc.|K12]] Learning Block'' |2013 |March 24, 2017 |<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XMzkDQRQD5k | title=Qubo - K12 Learning Block bumper (2013) | website=[[YouTube]] | access-date=2023-05-01 | archive-date=2023-05-01 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501225252/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XMzkDQRQD5k | url-status=live }}</ref> |} ===Scrapped programming=== ====Acquired programming==== =====Cookie Jar/WildBrain library===== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Planned premiere date !Source(s) |- |''[[Busytown Mysteries]]'' |Fall 2007 |<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111015151754/https://kidscreen.com/content/pdf/51179.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Liberty's Kids]]'' |2013 |<ref>https://www.animationmagazine.net/2012/03/qubo-reveals-ambitious-new-kids-slate/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref> |} ==Qubo-branded blocks== ===NBC=== ====Original programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[My Friend Rabbit#Television series|My Friend Rabbit]]'' |October 6, 2007 |December 26, 2009 | |- |''[[Turbo Dogs]]'' |October 4, 2008 |December 31, 2011 | |- |''[[Shelldon]]'' |October 17, 2009 |June 30, 2012 | |} ====Acquired programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[VeggieTales]]'' |rowspan=3|September 9, 2006 |September 12, 2009 |<ref name="qubo2006">{{cite web|title=QUBO TO LAUNCH ON NBC, TELEMUNDO AND THE I NETWORK THIS SEPTEMBER|url=http://www.ionmedia.tv/press/press.cfm?id=14|website=Ion Media Networks|date=August 23, 2006|access-date=November 12, 2021|archive-date=October 15, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015201208/http://ionmedia.tv/press/press.cfm?id=14|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[Dragon (TV series)|Dragon]]'' |June 28, 2008 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |rowspan=2|''[[3-2-1 Penguins!]]'' |September 12, 2009 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |January 2, 2010 |October 2, 2010 | |- |''[[LarryBoy: The Cartoon Adventures]]'' |rowspan=2|September 9, 2006 |rowspan=2|September 29, 2007 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |rowspan=2|''[[Babar (TV series)|Babar]]'' |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |July 5, 2008 |June 30, 2012 | |- |rowspan=3|''[[Jane and the Dragon (TV series)|Jane and the Dragon]]'' |September 9, 2006 |September 27, 2008 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |September 19, 2009 |October 2, 2010 | |- |January 7, 2012 |June 30, 2012 | |- |rowspan=2|''[[Jacob Two-Two (TV series)|Jacob Two-Two]]'' |September 9, 2006 |September 29, 2007 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |September 19, 2009 |October 10, 2009 | |- |''[[Postman Pat]]'' |October 6, 2007 |June 28, 2008 | |- |rowspan=2|''[[The Zula Patrol]]'' |July 5, 2008 |December 26, 2009 | |- |January 7, 2012 |rowspan=2|June 30, 2012 | |- |''[[Willa's Wild Life]]'' |September 19, 2009 | |- |''[[The Magic School Bus (TV series)|The Magic School Bus]]'' |rowspan=2|October 9, 2010 |December 31, 2011 | |- |''[[Pearlie]]'' |June 30, 2012 | |} ====Short-form programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''Ask Me!'' |September 9, 2006 |June 30, 2012 | |- |''[[The Zimmer Twins]]'' |2007 |2010 | |- |''Vitaminix'' |November 3, 2008 |February 22, 2011 | |} ===Telemundo=== ====Original programming==== *All programming utilized the Spanish-language dub. {| class="wikitable sortable |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[My Friend Rabbit]]'' |October 2007 |2009 | |- |''[[Turbo Dogs]]'' |October 4, 2008 |December 2011 | |- |''[[Shelldon]]'' |October 17, 2009 |July 1, 2012 | |} ====Acquired programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[VeggieTales]]'' |rowspan=3|September 9, 2006 |September 13, 2009 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |''[[Dragon (TV series)|Dragon]]'' |June 2008 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |rowspan=2|''[[3-2-1 Penguins!]]'' |September 13, 2009 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |January 2, 2010 |October 2, 2010 | |- |''[[LarryBoy: The Cartoon Adventures]]'' |September 9, 2006 |September 29, 2007 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |rowspan=2|''[[Babar (TV series)|Babar]]'' |September 10, 2006 |September 30, 2007 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |July 5, 2008 |June 30, 2012 | |- |rowspan=3|''[[Jane and the Dragon (TV series)|Jane and the Dragon]]'' |September 10, 2006 |September 27, 2008 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |September 19, 2009 |October 3, 2010 | |- |January 7, 2012 |June 30, 2012 | |- |rowspan=2|''[[Jacob Two-Two (TV series)|Jacob Two-Two]]'' |September 10, 2006 |September 30, 2007 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |September 19, 2009 |October 2009 | |- |''[[Postman Pat]]'' |October 2007 |June 2008 | |- |rowspan=2|''[[The Zula Patrol]]'' |July 6, 2008 |October 2009 | |- |January 7, 2012 |June 30, 2012 | |- |''[[Willa's Wild Life]]'' |September 20, 2009 |July 1, 2012 | |- |''[[The Magic School Bus (TV series)|The Magic School Bus]]'' |October 9, 2010 |December 2011 |<ref name="qubo2010">{{cite web|title=QUBO CHANNEL KICKS OFF FALL 2010 LINEUP STARTING MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 27|url=http://www.ionmedianetworks.com/press/qubo-channel-kicks-off-fall-2010-lineup-starting-m?id=237|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503090347/http://www.ionmedianetworks.com/press/qubo-channel-kicks-off-fall-2010-lineup-starting-m?id=237|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 3, 2014|website=Ion Media Networks|date=September 14, 2010|access-date=November 23, 2023}}</ref> |- |''[[Pearlie]]'' |October 10, 2010 |July 1, 2012 |<ref name="qubo2010"/> |} ====Short-form programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''Ask Me!'' |September 9, 2006 |June 30, 2012 | |- |''[[The Zimmer Twins]]'' |2007 |2010 | |- |''Vitaminix'' |November 3, 2008 |February 22, 2011 | |} ===Ion Television=== ==== Former programming ==== ====Original programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |rowspan=2|''[[My Friend Rabbit]]'' |October 12, 2007 |September 9, 2009 | |- |January 3, 2014 |December 26, 2014 | |- |''[[Turbo Dogs]]'' |October 3, 2008 |December 2011 | |- |''[[Shelldon]]'' |October 16, 2009 |August 31, 2012 | |} ====Acquired programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[VeggieTales]]'' |rowspan=2|September 15, 2006 |September 4, 2009 | |- |rowspan=2|''[[Dragon (TV series)|Dragon]]'' |June 27, 2008 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |October 3, 2014 |December 26, 2014 | |- |rowspan=2|''[[3-2-1 Penguins!]]'' |September 15, 2006 |September 3, 2009 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |December 31, 2009 |September 16, 2010 | |- |''[[LarryBoy: The Cartoon Adventures]]'' |rowspan=2|September 15, 2006 |rowspan=2|October 5, 2007 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |rowspan=2|''[[Babar (TV series)|Babar]]'' |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |July 4, 2008 |December 26, 2014 | |- |rowspan=3|''[[Jane and the Dragon (TV series)|Jane and the Dragon]]'' |September 15, 2006 |September 26, 2008 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |September 9, 2009 |September 15, 2010 | |- |January 5, 2012 |December 27, 2013 | |- |rowspan=3|''[[Jacob Two-Two (TV series)|Jacob Two-Two]]'' |September 15, 2006 |October 5, 2007 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |September 11, 2009 |October 9, 2009 | |- |September 7, 2012 |December 27, 2013 | |- |''[[Postman Pat]]'' |October 12, 2007 |June 27, 2008 | |- |rowspan=2|''[[The Zula Patrol]]'' |July 4, 2008 |September 10, 2009 | |- |January 4, 2012 |September 26, 2014 | |- |''[[Willa's Wild Life]]'' |September 17, 2009 |December 27, 2013 | |- |''[[Pearlie]]'' |October 6, 2010 |December 27, 2013 |<ref name="qubo2010"/> |- |''[[The Magic School Bus (TV series)|The Magic School Bus]]'' |October 7, 2010 |December 2011 |<ref name="qubo2010"/> |- |''[[Guess with Jess]]'' |rowspan=3|January 3, 2014 |December 26, 2014 | |- |''[[Harry and His Bucket Full of Dinosaurs]]'' |September 27, 2015 |<ref name="qubo2015">{{cite web|url=http://kidscreen.com/2014/12/09/ion-television-launches-sunday-morning-qubo-kids-block/|title=ION Television launches Sunday morning Qubo kids block|access-date=2021-11-12|archive-date=2021-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105235419/https://kidscreen.com/2014/12/09/ion-television-launches-sunday-morning-qubo-kids-block/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |''[[Timothy Goes to School]]'' |December 26, 2014 | |- |rowspan=2|''[[Doki (TV series)|Doki]]'' |January 4, 2015 |September 23, 2016 |<ref name="qubo2015"/> |- |December 30, 2016 |June 23, 2017 | |- |''Dive, Olly, Dive!'' |January 4, 2015 |December 27, 2015 |<ref name="qubo2015"/> |- |''The Choo Choo Bob Show'' |October 4, 2015 |June 21, 2017 | |- |''[[Raggs]]'' |January 1, 2016 |June 22, 2017 | |- |''[[Nutri Ventures - The Quest for the 7 Kingdoms|Nutri Ventures]]'' |September 30, 2016 |December 23, 2016 | |- |rowspan=2|''Zoo Clues'' |June 28, 2017 |June 29, 2018 | |- |January 4, 2019 |September 25, 2020 | |- |''[[Secret Millionaires Club]]'' |June 29, 2017 |rowspan=2|June 29, 2018 | |- |''Thomas Edison's Secret Lab'' |June 30, 2017 | |- |''[[Xploration Station|Animal Science]]'' |rowspan=3|July 6, 2018 |February 26, 2021 | |- |''Look Kool'' |rowspan=2|December 28, 2018 | |- |''[[Giver (TV series)|Giver]]'' | |- |''Safari Tracks'' |January 4, 2019 |December 27, 2019 | |- |''[[Finding Stuff Out]]'' |October 2, 2020 |December 25, 2020 | |- |''[[Xploration Station|Xploration Awesome Planet]]'' |January 1, 2021 |February 26, 2021 | |} ====Short-form programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''Ask Me!'' |September 15, 2006 |January 31, 2021 | |- |''[[The Zimmer Twins]]'' |2007 |2010 | |- |''Vitaminix'' |November 3, 2008 |February 22, 2011 | |} ===Ion Life/Plus=== ====Acquired programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Xploration Station|Animal Science]]'' |September 8, 2020 |December 28, 2020 | |- |''[[Secret Millionaires Club]]'' |September 28, 2020 |rowspan=2|February 22, 2021 | |- |''[[Finding Stuff Out]]'' |January 4, 2021 | |} ====Short-form programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Zerby Derby]]'' shorts |rowspan=3|September 8, 2020 |rowspan=3|February 22, 2021 | |- |''I'm an Animal'' | |- |''BatteryPOP'' | |} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Programs}} [[Category:Lists of television series by network|Qubo]] [[Category:Qubo]] efvhf2pckq0c2e9vw3i96ho2mynvo03 10367600 10367590 2025-07-02T12:20:26Z Davey2010 314522 Reverted to revision 10256148 by 2605:59C0:204E:FB10:C416:3A31:717E:8845: rvv. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367600 wikitext text/x-wiki This is a list of programs currently, soon to be, and formerly broadcast by the children's television channel [[Qubo]] in the United States. ==Qubo Channel== ===Former programming=== ====Original programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[My Friend Rabbit]]'' |October 6, 2007 |July 25, 2020 | |- |''[[Turbo Dogs]]'' |October 4, 2008 |September 27, 2015 | |- |''[[Shelldon]]'' |October 16, 2009 |September 30, 2012 | |} ====Acquired programming==== =====[[NBCUniversal]]===== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Boo! (TV series)|Boo!]]'' |rowspan=2|January 8, 2007 |June 29, 2012 | |- |''[[Sitting Ducks (TV series)|Sitting Ducks]]'' |June 30, 2012 | |- |''[[3-2-1 Penguins!]]'' |rowspan=3|January 14, 2007 |August 31, 2014 | |- |''[[LarryBoy: The Cartoon Adventures]]'' |rowspan=2|September 13, 2009 | |- |''[[VeggieTales]]'' | |- |''[[Postman Pat]]'' |October 6, 2007 |September 24, 2010 | |- |''[[Maisy]]'' |November 3, 2008 |June 29, 2012 | |- |''[[BraveStarr]]'' |rowspan=3|September 27, 2010 |rowspan=3|August 25, 2013 | |- |''[[He-Man and the Masters of the Universe]]'' | |- |''[[She-Ra: Princess of Power]]'' | |- |''[[Ghostbusters (1986 TV series)|Ghostbusters]]'' |September 28, 2010 |August 26, 2013 | |- |''[[Guess with Jess]]'' |May 13, 2013 |December 25, 2016 | |} =====[[Corus Entertainment]]===== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Pecola]]'' |rowspan=2|January 8, 2007 |July 26, 2020 | |- |''[[Rupert (TV series)|Rupert]]'' |July 25, 2020 | |- |''[[Babar (TV series)|Babar]]'' |rowspan=3|January 14, 2007 |February 23, 2021 | |- |''[[Jane and the Dragon (TV series)|Jane and the Dragon]]'' |February 26, 2021 | |- |''[[Jacob Two-Two (TV series)|Jacob Two-Two]]'' |December 30, 2017 | |- |''[[Being Ian]]'' |rowspan=4|September 19, 2009 |January 1, 2021 | |- |''[[Class of the Titans]]'' |July 25, 2020 | |- |''[[Pearlie]]'' |July 26, 2020 | |- |''[[Spliced (TV series)|Spliced]]'' |March 31, 2012 | |- |''[[Willa's Wild Life]]'' |rowspan=3|October 26, 2009 |October 25, 2020 | |- |''[[Pippi Longstocking (1997 TV series)|Pippi Longstocking]]'' |July 26, 2020 | |- |''[[Rescue Heroes (TV series)|Rescue Heroes]]'' |February 27, 2021 | |- |''[[George and Martha]]'' |rowspan=4|March 28, 2016 |December 30, 2018 | |- |''[[Grossology (TV series)|Grossology]]'' |July 25, 2020 | |- |''[[Ned's Newt]]'' |rowspan=2|July 24, 2020 | |- |''[[Stickin' Around]]'' | |- |''[[Scaredy Squirrel (TV series)|Scaredy Squirrel]]'' |rowspan=2|March 27, 2017 |July 24, 2020 | |- |''[[Sidekick (TV series)|Sidekick]]'' |July 25, 2020 | |- |''[[Maggie and the Ferocious Beast]]'' |May 28, 2018 |February 27, 2021 | |- |''[[Mike the Knight]]'' |rowspan=2|December 30, 2019 |December 4, 2020 | |- |''[[Babar and the Adventures of Badou]]'' |February 27, 2021 | |- |''Super BOOMi'' |December 7, 2020 |rowspan=2|February 26, 2021 |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Qubo - Show - Super Boomi|url=https://qubo.com/show/super-boomi|access-date=2020-12-05|website=Qubo|language=en|archive-date=2020-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203165428/https://qubo.com/show/super-boomi|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[Franklin (TV series)|Franklin]]'' |January 1, 2021 |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://qubo.com/show/franklin|title=ION - Positively Entertaining|access-date=2020-12-09|archive-date=2021-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303052800/https://qubo.com/show/franklin|url-status=dead}}</ref> |} =====[[Scholastic Entertainment|Scholastic]] Entertainment===== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Dragon (TV series)|Dragon]]'' |January 14, 2007 |September 25, 2015 | |- |''Sammy's Story Shop'' |November 3, 2008 |September 27, 2015 | |- |''[[Animorphs (TV series)|Animorphs]]'' |rowspan=4|May 18, 2013 |rowspan=2|September 27, 2015 | |- |''[[Dear America]]'' | |- |''[[I Spy (2002 TV series)|I Spy]]'' |September 25, 2015 | |- |''[[The Royal Diaries]]'' |September 27, 2015 | |} =====[[9 Story Media Group]]===== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Timeblazers]]'' |February 18, 2012 |December 30, 2017 | |- |''[[Artzooka!]]'' |rowspan=2|June 30, 2012 |March 25, 2018 | |- |''[[Harry and His Bucket Full of Dinosaurs]]'' |December 25, 2020 | |- |''Joe & Jack'' |January 3, 2015 |February 28, 2021 | |- |''[[Wibbly Pig]]'' |January 1, 2018 |February 26, 2021 | |- |''Look Kool'' |January 6, 2018 |February 28, 2021 | |- |''Monkey See, Monkey Do'' |March 26, 2018 |December 4, 2020 | |- |''Bubu and the Little Owls'' |December 31, 2018 |February 26, 2021 | |- |''[[Finding Stuff Out]]'' |September 30, 2019 |February 21, 2021 | |- |''Vivi'' |January 4, 2020 |December 25, 2020 | |- |''[[The Magic School Bus Rides Again]]'' |November 1, 2020 |February 28, 2021 |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://qubo.com/show/the-Magic-school-bus-rides-again|title=ION - Positively Entertaining|access-date=2020-11-01|archive-date=2021-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305142338/https://qubo.com/show/the-magic-school-bus-rides-again|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[Science Max]]'' |December 6, 2020 |February 28, 2021 |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Qubo - Show - Science Max|url=https://qubo.com/show/science-max|access-date=2020-12-05|website=Qubo|language=en|archive-date=2020-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203230149/https://qubo.com/show/science-max|url-status=dead}}</ref> |} =====[[WildBrain]]===== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Where on Earth Is Carmen Sandiego?]]'' |June 9, 2012 |rowspan=2|May 26, 2018 | |- |''[[Archie's Weird Mysteries]]'' |rowspan=2|May 13, 2013 | |- |''[[Sherlock Holmes in the 22nd Century]]'' |May 25, 2018 | |- |''[[Monster Math Squad]]'' |October 1, 2018 |February 26, 2021 | |- |''[[Madeline (TV series)|Madeline]]'' |October 6, 2018 |February 22, 2021 | |- |''[[The Adventures of Paddington Bear]]'' |October 7, 2018 |February 25, 2021 | |- |''[[Pirates: Adventures in Art]]'' |January 6, 2019 |December 25, 2020 | |- |''[[Inspector Gadget (1983 TV series)|Inspector Gadget]]'' |August 31, 2019 |February 28, 2021 |<ref name="auto" /> |- |''[[Fireman Sam]]'' |rowspan=2|September 30, 2019 |February 26, 2021 |<ref name="auto" /> |- |''[[Rainbow Ruby]]'' |January 29, 2021 | |- |''[[Jerry and the Raiders]]'' |October 5, 2019 |February 26, 2021 | |- |''[[Kate & Mim-Mim]]'' |rowspan=2|December 7, 2020 |rowspan=2|February 26, 2021 |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Qubo - Show - Kate & Mim-mim|url=https://qubo.com/show/kate-mim-mim|access-date=2020-12-05|website=Qubo|language=en|archive-date=2020-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203230527/https://qubo.com/show/kate-mim-mim|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''You & Me'' |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Qubo - Show - You & Me|url=https://qubo.com/show/you-me|access-date=2020-12-05|website=Qubo|language=en|archive-date=2020-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203165336/https://qubo.com/show/you-me|url-status=dead}}</ref> |} =====[[Splash Entertainment]]===== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''Dive, Olly, Dive!'' |April 7, 2014 |February 28, 2021 | |- |''[[Pet Alien]]'' |June 26, 2017 |February 27, 2021 | |- |''[[Cosmic Quantum Ray]]'' |rowspan=2|July 30, 2018 |rowspan=2|February 26, 2021 | |- |''[[The DaVincibles]]'' | |} =====[[Bellum Entertainment Group]]===== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Animal Atlas]]'' |June 9, 2012 |July 28, 2018 | |- |''Zoo Clues'' |December 26, 2016 |August 25, 2019 | |- |''Safari Tracks'' |March 27, 2017 |August 26, 2019 | |} =====Other companies===== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Miss BG]]'' |December 3, 2007 |August 25, 2013 | |- |''[[Gofrette]]'' |November 3, 2008 |September 24, 2017 | |- |''[[Animal Exploration with Jarod Miller]]'' |rowspan=2|July 3, 2010 |December 28, 2014 | |- |''[[Mighty Machines]]'' |August 31, 2014 | |- |''[[The Mysteries of Alfred Hedgehog]]'' |September 27, 2010 |September 25, 2016 | |- |''[[Dex Hamilton: Alien Entomologist]]'' |February 18, 2012 |December 27, 2014 | |- |''[[Taste Buds (TV series)|Taste Buds]]'' |June 30, 2012 |May 24, 2014 | |- |''[[Eliot Kid]]'' |rowspan=2|May 13, 2013 |December 25, 2016 | |- |''[[Sandra the Fairytale Detective|Sandra, the Fairytale Detective]]'' |October 1, 2018 | |- |''[[Litton's Weekend Adventure|Culture Click]]'' |May 18, 2013 |December 27, 2015 | |- |''Funniest Pets & People'' |March 1, 2014 |February 27, 2021 | |- |''[[Famous 5: On the Case]]'' |rowspan=2|March 3, 2014 |rowspan=2|November 25, 2017 | |- |''[[Sally Bollywood: Super Detective]]'' | |- |''[[Mickey's Farm]]'' |December 6, 2014 |July 24, 2020 | |- |''The Choo Choo Bob Show'' |rowspan=2|December 29, 2014 |March 29, 2020 | |- |''[[Denver, the Last Dinosaur]]'' |December 24, 2018 | |- |''[[This is Daniel Cook.]]'' |March 30, 2015 |December 28, 2018 | |- |''[[Nutri Ventures - The Quest for the 7 Kingdoms|Nutri Ventures]]'' |April 25, 2016 |January 5, 2019 | |- |''[[Secret Millionaires Club|Secret Millionaires' Club]]'' |rowspan=2|December 26, 2016 |February 26, 2021 | |- |''[[Xploration Station|Xploration Animal Science]]'' |September 30, 2018 | |- |''[[Giver (TV series)|Giver]]'' |June 26, 2017 |December 27, 2020 | |- |''[[Chirp (TV series)|Chirp]]'' |September 25, 2017 |January 29, 2021 | |- |''[[Stella and Sam]]'' |April 1, 2018 |February 27, 2021 | |- |''[[Messy Goes to Okido]]'' |December 7, 2020 |rowspan=2|February 26, 2021 |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Qubo - Show - Messy Goes To Okido|url=https://qubo.com/show/messy-goes-to-okido|access-date=2020-12-05|website=Qubo|language=en|archive-date=2020-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203165548/https://qubo.com/show/messy-goes-to-okido|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[Justin Time (TV series)|Justin Time]]'' |January 4, 2021 |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://qubo.com/show/justin-time|title=ION - Positively Entertaining|access-date=2020-12-17|archive-date=2021-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303052445/https://qubo.com/show/justin-time|url-status=dead}}</ref> |} ====Programming from [[Nick Jr.]]==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[The Busy World of Richard Scarry]]'' |May 13, 2013 |May 26, 2018 | |- |''[[Miss Spider's Sunny Patch Friends]]'' |October 1, 2018 |February 26, 2021 | |} ====Programming from [[Discovery Kids]]==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[ToddWorld]]'' |April 7, 2014 |rowspan=2|February 26, 2021 | |- |''[[Doki (TV series)|Doki]]'' |September 1, 2014 | |- |''[[Fishtronaut]]'' |rowspan=2|March 30, 2015 |December 25, 2020 | |- |''[[Bigfoot Presents: Meteor and the Mighty Monster Trucks|Meteor and the Mighty Monster Trucks]]'' |December 31, 2017 | |} ====Programming from [[PBS Kids]]==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Theodore Tugboat]]'' |rowspan=4|January 8, 2007 |September 13, 2009 | |- |''[[Elliot Moose (TV series)|Elliot Moose]]'' |September 24, 2010 | |- |''[[Lamb Chop's Play-Along]]'' |September 13, 2009 | |- |''[[Marvin the Tap-Dancing Horse]]'' |July 24, 2020 | |- |''[[The Zula Patrol]]'' |July 4, 2008 |September 29, 2018 | |- |''[[Adventures from the Book of Virtues]]'' |November 3, 2008 |September 24, 2017 | |- |''[[The Magic School Bus (TV series)|The Magic School Bus]]'' |September 27, 2010 |February 10, 2012 | |- |''[[Jakers! The Adventures of Piggley Winks]]'' |June 30, 2012 |February 26, 2021 | |- |''[[Anne of Green Gables: The Animated Series]]'' |rowspan=2|May 13, 2013 |December 25, 2016 | |- |''[[Timothy Goes to School]]'' |July 24, 2020 | |- |''[[Raggs]]'' |September 1, 2014 |July 27, 2018 | |- |''Thomas Edison's Secret Lab'' |December 26, 2016 |February 26, 2021 | |- |''[[Bob the Builder (2015 TV series)|Bob the Builder]]'' (2015) |August 26, 2019 |February 27, 2021 |<ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=Press kit|url=https://ef4053d636c8c3c65fe5-53dd2d41f5e8f71ab7be7bde4d129736.ssl.cf5.rackcdn.com/press-kits/imn-press-kit.zip|access-date=2020-06-13|website=rackcdn.com|archive-date=2020-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128083247/https://ef4053d636c8c3c65fe5-53dd2d41f5e8f71ab7be7bde4d129736.ssl.cf5.rackcdn.com/press-kits/imn-press-kit.zip|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[Bob the Builder]]'' (1999) |October 7, 2020 |February 24, 2021 |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Qubo - Show - Bob the Builder (Classic)|url=https://qubo.com/show/bob-the-builder-classic|access-date=2020-10-03|website=Qubo|language=en|archive-date=2020-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002130517/https://qubo.com/show/bob-the-builder-classic|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[Jay Jay the Jet Plane]]'' |February 1, 2021 |February 26, 2021 |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://qubo.com/show/jay-jay-the-jet-plane|title=ION - Positively Entertaining|access-date=2021-02-21|archive-date=2021-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303052618/https://qubo.com/show/jay-jay-the-jet-plane|url-status=dead}}</ref> |} ====Interstitial programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''Ask Me!'' |January 8, 2007 |January 31, 2021 | |- |''[[The Zimmer Twins]]'' |rowspan=2|November 3, 2008 |2010 | |- |''Vitaminix'' |February 22, 2011 | |- |''Animal Bites'' |July 3, 2010 |November 5, 2014 | |- |''Wibbly Pig'' shorts |rowspan=4|July 29, 2019 |rowspan=5|February 28, 2021 | |- |''[[Zerby Derby]]'' shorts | |- |''Ruby's Studio'' | |- |''I'm an Animal'' | |- |''BatteryPOP'' |August 12, 2019 | |} ====Blocks==== {| class="wikitable sortable |+ !Titles !Launch date !End date !Source(s) |- |''Qubo Night Owl'' |September 28, 2010 |January 7, 2019 |<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmclSG1iB4E | title=Qubo 2011 Night Owl {{sic|nolink=y|Commer|ical}} (Short Version) | website=[[YouTube]] | date=12 March 2011 | access-date=2022-12-21 | archive-date=2022-12-21 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221161015/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmclSG1iB4E | url-status=live }}</ref> |- |''[[Stride, Inc.|K12]] Learning Block'' |2013 |March 24, 2017 |<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XMzkDQRQD5k | title=Qubo - K12 Learning Block bumper (2013) | website=[[YouTube]] | access-date=2023-05-01 | archive-date=2023-05-01 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501225252/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XMzkDQRQD5k | url-status=live }}</ref> |} ===Scrapped programming=== ====Acquired programming==== =====Cookie Jar/WildBrain library===== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Planned premiere date !Source(s) |- |''[[Busytown Mysteries]]'' |Fall 2007 |<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111015151754/https://kidscreen.com/content/pdf/51179.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Liberty's Kids]]'' |2013 |<ref>https://www.animationmagazine.net/2012/03/qubo-reveals-ambitious-new-kids-slate/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref> |} ==Qubo-branded blocks== ===NBC=== ====Original programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[My Friend Rabbit#Television series|My Friend Rabbit]]'' |October 6, 2007 |December 26, 2009 | |- |''[[Turbo Dogs]]'' |October 4, 2008 |December 31, 2011 | |- |''[[Shelldon]]'' |October 17, 2009 |June 30, 2012 | |} ====Acquired programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[VeggieTales]]'' |rowspan=3|September 9, 2006 |September 12, 2009 |<ref name="qubo2006">{{cite web|title=QUBO TO LAUNCH ON NBC, TELEMUNDO AND THE I NETWORK THIS SEPTEMBER|url=http://www.ionmedia.tv/press/press.cfm?id=14|website=Ion Media Networks|date=August 23, 2006|access-date=November 12, 2021|archive-date=October 15, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015201208/http://ionmedia.tv/press/press.cfm?id=14|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[Dragon (TV series)|Dragon]]'' |June 28, 2008 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |rowspan=2|''[[3-2-1 Penguins!]]'' |September 12, 2009 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |January 2, 2010 |October 2, 2010 | |- |''[[LarryBoy: The Cartoon Adventures]]'' |rowspan=2|September 9, 2006 |rowspan=2|September 29, 2007 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |rowspan=2|''[[Babar (TV series)|Babar]]'' |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |July 5, 2008 |June 30, 2012 | |- |rowspan=3|''[[Jane and the Dragon (TV series)|Jane and the Dragon]]'' |September 9, 2006 |September 27, 2008 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |September 19, 2009 |October 2, 2010 | |- |January 7, 2012 |June 30, 2012 | |- |rowspan=2|''[[Jacob Two-Two (TV series)|Jacob Two-Two]]'' |September 9, 2006 |September 29, 2007 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |September 19, 2009 |October 10, 2009 | |- |''[[Postman Pat]]'' |October 6, 2007 |June 28, 2008 | |- |rowspan=2|''[[The Zula Patrol]]'' |July 5, 2008 |December 26, 2009 | |- |January 7, 2012 |rowspan=2|June 30, 2012 | |- |''[[Willa's Wild Life]]'' |September 19, 2009 | |- |''[[The Magic School Bus (TV series)|The Magic School Bus]]'' |rowspan=2|October 9, 2010 |December 31, 2011 | |- |''[[Pearlie]]'' |June 30, 2012 | |} ====Short-form programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''Ask Me!'' |September 9, 2006 |June 30, 2012 | |- |''[[The Zimmer Twins]]'' |2007 |2010 | |- |''Vitaminix'' |November 3, 2008 |February 22, 2011 | |} ===Telemundo=== ====Original programming==== *All programming utilized the Spanish-language dub. {| class="wikitable sortable |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[My Friend Rabbit]]'' |October 2007 |2009 | |- |''[[Turbo Dogs]]'' |October 4, 2008 |December 2011 | |- |''[[Shelldon]]'' |October 17, 2009 |July 1, 2012 | |} ====Acquired programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[VeggieTales]]'' |rowspan=3|September 9, 2006 |September 13, 2009 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |''[[Dragon (TV series)|Dragon]]'' |June 2008 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |rowspan=2|''[[3-2-1 Penguins!]]'' |September 13, 2009 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |January 2, 2010 |October 2, 2010 | |- |''[[LarryBoy: The Cartoon Adventures]]'' |September 9, 2006 |September 29, 2007 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |rowspan=2|''[[Babar (TV series)|Babar]]'' |September 10, 2006 |September 30, 2007 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |July 5, 2008 |June 30, 2012 | |- |rowspan=3|''[[Jane and the Dragon (TV series)|Jane and the Dragon]]'' |September 10, 2006 |September 27, 2008 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |September 19, 2009 |October 3, 2010 | |- |January 7, 2012 |June 30, 2012 | |- |rowspan=2|''[[Jacob Two-Two (TV series)|Jacob Two-Two]]'' |September 10, 2006 |September 30, 2007 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |September 19, 2009 |October 2009 | |- |''[[Postman Pat]]'' |October 2007 |June 2008 | |- |rowspan=2|''[[The Zula Patrol]]'' |July 6, 2008 |October 2009 | |- |January 7, 2012 |June 30, 2012 | |- |''[[Willa's Wild Life]]'' |September 20, 2009 |July 1, 2012 | |- |''[[The Magic School Bus (TV series)|The Magic School Bus]]'' |October 9, 2010 |December 2011 |<ref name="qubo2010">{{cite web|title=QUBO CHANNEL KICKS OFF FALL 2010 LINEUP STARTING MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 27|url=http://www.ionmedianetworks.com/press/qubo-channel-kicks-off-fall-2010-lineup-starting-m?id=237|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503090347/http://www.ionmedianetworks.com/press/qubo-channel-kicks-off-fall-2010-lineup-starting-m?id=237|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 3, 2014|website=Ion Media Networks|date=September 14, 2010|access-date=November 23, 2023}}</ref> |- |''[[Pearlie]]'' |October 10, 2010 |July 1, 2012 |<ref name="qubo2010"/> |} ====Short-form programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''Ask Me!'' |September 9, 2006 |June 30, 2012 | |- |''[[The Zimmer Twins]]'' |2007 |2010 | |- |''Vitaminix'' |November 3, 2008 |February 22, 2011 | |} ===Ion Television=== ==== Former programming ==== ====Original programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |rowspan=2|''[[My Friend Rabbit]]'' |October 12, 2007 |September 9, 2009 | |- |January 3, 2014 |December 26, 2014 | |- |''[[Turbo Dogs]]'' |October 3, 2008 |December 2011 | |- |''[[Shelldon]]'' |October 16, 2009 |August 31, 2012 | |} ====Acquired programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[VeggieTales]]'' |rowspan=2|September 15, 2006 |September 4, 2009 | |- |rowspan=2|''[[Dragon (TV series)|Dragon]]'' |June 27, 2008 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |October 3, 2014 |December 26, 2014 | |- |rowspan=2|''[[3-2-1 Penguins!]]'' |September 15, 2006 |September 3, 2009 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |December 31, 2009 |September 16, 2010 | |- |''[[LarryBoy: The Cartoon Adventures]]'' |rowspan=2|September 15, 2006 |rowspan=2|October 5, 2007 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |rowspan=2|''[[Babar (TV series)|Babar]]'' |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |July 4, 2008 |December 26, 2014 | |- |rowspan=3|''[[Jane and the Dragon (TV series)|Jane and the Dragon]]'' |September 15, 2006 |September 26, 2008 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |September 9, 2009 |September 15, 2010 | |- |January 5, 2012 |December 27, 2013 | |- |rowspan=3|''[[Jacob Two-Two (TV series)|Jacob Two-Two]]'' |September 15, 2006 |October 5, 2007 |<ref name="qubo2006"/> |- |September 11, 2009 |October 9, 2009 | |- |September 7, 2012 |December 27, 2013 | |- |''[[Postman Pat]]'' |October 12, 2007 |June 27, 2008 | |- |rowspan=2|''[[The Zula Patrol]]'' |July 4, 2008 |September 10, 2009 | |- |January 4, 2012 |September 26, 2014 | |- |''[[Willa's Wild Life]]'' |September 17, 2009 |December 27, 2013 | |- |''[[Pearlie]]'' |October 6, 2010 |December 27, 2013 |<ref name="qubo2010"/> |- |''[[The Magic School Bus (TV series)|The Magic School Bus]]'' |October 7, 2010 |December 2011 |<ref name="qubo2010"/> |- |''[[Guess with Jess]]'' |rowspan=3|January 3, 2014 |December 26, 2014 | |- |''[[Harry and His Bucket Full of Dinosaurs]]'' |September 27, 2015 |<ref name="qubo2015">{{cite web|url=http://kidscreen.com/2014/12/09/ion-television-launches-sunday-morning-qubo-kids-block/|title=ION Television launches Sunday morning Qubo kids block|access-date=2021-11-12|archive-date=2021-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105235419/https://kidscreen.com/2014/12/09/ion-television-launches-sunday-morning-qubo-kids-block/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |''[[Timothy Goes to School]]'' |December 26, 2014 | |- |rowspan=2|''[[Doki (TV series)|Doki]]'' |January 4, 2015 |September 23, 2016 |<ref name="qubo2015"/> |- |December 30, 2016 |June 23, 2017 | |- |''Dive, Olly, Dive!'' |January 4, 2015 |December 27, 2015 |<ref name="qubo2015"/> |- |''The Choo Choo Bob Show'' |October 4, 2015 |June 21, 2017 | |- |''[[Raggs]]'' |January 1, 2016 |June 22, 2017 | |- |''[[Nutri Ventures - The Quest for the 7 Kingdoms|Nutri Ventures]]'' |September 30, 2016 |December 23, 2016 | |- |rowspan=2|''Zoo Clues'' |June 28, 2017 |June 29, 2018 | |- |January 4, 2019 |September 25, 2020 | |- |''[[Secret Millionaires Club]]'' |June 29, 2017 |rowspan=2|June 29, 2018 | |- |''Thomas Edison's Secret Lab'' |June 30, 2017 | |- |''[[Xploration Station|Animal Science]]'' |rowspan=3|July 6, 2018 |February 26, 2021 | |- |''Look Kool'' |rowspan=2|December 28, 2018 | |- |''[[Giver (TV series)|Giver]]'' | |- |''Safari Tracks'' |January 4, 2019 |December 27, 2019 | |- |''[[Finding Stuff Out]]'' |October 2, 2020 |December 25, 2020 | |- |''[[Xploration Station|Xploration Awesome Planet]]'' |January 1, 2021 |February 26, 2021 | |} ====Short-form programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''Ask Me!'' |September 15, 2006 |January 31, 2021 | |- |''[[The Zimmer Twins]]'' |2007 |2010 | |- |''Vitaminix'' |November 3, 2008 |February 22, 2011 | |} ===Ion Life/Plus=== ====Acquired programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Xploration Station|Animal Science]]'' |September 8, 2020 |December 28, 2020 | |- |''[[Secret Millionaires Club]]'' |September 28, 2020 |rowspan=2|February 22, 2021 | |- |''[[Finding Stuff Out]]'' |January 4, 2021 | |} ====Short-form programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Zerby Derby]]'' shorts |rowspan=3|September 8, 2020 |rowspan=3|February 22, 2021 | |- |''I'm an Animal'' | |- |''BatteryPOP'' | |} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Programs}} [[Category:Lists of television series by network|Qubo]] [[Category:Qubo]] abp00lpdc3ny3u4nh33smxpg1cu9aax 0 935020 10368226 9624076 2025-07-02T20:34:36Z Ferien 1011873 use wikidata coords 10368226 wikitext text/x-wiki ''For the Supervillain, look at the page [[Thanos]].''{{redlinks}} The '''Llanos''' ([[Spanish language|Spanish]] ''Los Llanos'', "The Plains"; {{IPA-es|loz ˈʝanos}}) are a very big [[tropical grassland]] [[plain|on flat land]] east of the [[Andes]] Mountains. The Llanos are in [[Colombia]] and [[Venezuela]], in northwestern South America. Ecologists call them an [[ecoregion]]. They put them in the same group with other [[tropical]] and [[subtropical]] [[grassland]]s, [[savanna]]s, and [[shrubland|places where small trees and bushes grow]]. ==Geography== The Llanos go east to west. The Andes Mountains are on the west side of the Llanos and the [[Venezuelan Coastal Range]] of mountains are north of the Llanos. The [[Guiana Highlands]] are to the southeast, and the [[Negro-Branco moist forests]] are to the southwest. To the east the [[Orinoco wetlands]] and [[Orinoco Delta swamp forests]] in the [[Orinoco Delta]].<ref name = wwf>{{WWF ecoregion|id=nt0709|name=Llanos}}</ref> The [[Orinoco]] River is the biggest river in the Llanos. The Orinoco River goes from west to east. The Orinoco is the biggest and most important river in Venezuela.<ref name="Llanos wetlands during the rainy season">{{cite book|title=Earth|url=https://archive.org/details/earth0000unse_q8s8|publisher=Doring Kindersley|year=2003|pages=[https://archive.org/details/earth0000unse_q8s8/page/328 328]|isbn=1-4053-0018-3}}</ref> ==Climate== The Llanos have a [[tropical savanna climate]] and [[tropical monsoon climate]]. The rainy part of the year is April to November. The dry season is from December to March. The wettest months are typically June and July. In the southwest, the llanos get as much as {{convert|3000|mm|in|-1}} of rain per year in the southwest, {{convert|1200|to|1600|mm|in|-0}} in [[Apure]] State, and {{convert|800|to|1200|mm|in|-0}} per year in the Llanos of [[Monagas]] State in the northeast. The average temperature across the whole year is {{convert|27|°C|°F|1|disp=or}}, and it does not change much with the seasons; the coldest months (June, July, December, and January) are only {{convert|2|C-change|F-change|1|disp=or}} colder than the hottest months.<ref name=wwf/> ==Plants== The Llanos have open grasslands, savannas with some trees, and small forests. The most common forest in the Llanos is [[gallery forest]]s that grow next to rivers and streams. The Llanos have grasslands that flood for part of the year ''llano bajo'' or "low llano") and grasslands that stay dry (''llano alto'' "high llano").<ref name = wwf/> The grass and [[shrub|woody plant]]s in the llano alto are 30–100&nbsp;cm high, forming [[tussock (grass)|bunches]] 10 to 30&nbsp;cm apart. The ground is typically sandy and does not have many food chemicals for the plants. The llano alto covers approximately two-thirds of the Llanos in Venezuela and much of the Colombian Llanos. There are many grasses in the genus ''[[Trachypogon]]'': species include ''[[Trachypogon plumosus]]'', ''[[Trachypogon vestitus|T. vestitus]]'', ''[[Axonopus canescens]]'', ''[[Axonopus anceps|A. anceps]]'', ''[[Andropogon selloanus]]'', ''[[Aristida]]'' spp., ''[[Leptocoryphium lanatum]]'', ''[[Paspalum carinatum]]'', ''[[Sporobolus indicus]]'', and ''[[Sporobolus cubensis|S. cubensis]]'', and [[sedge]]s in the genera ''[[Rhynchospora]]'' and ''[[Bulbostylis]]''. Woody plants and green plants are [[legume]]s in the genera ''[[Mimosa]]'', ''[[Cassia (genus)|Cassia]]'', ''[[Desmodium]]'', ''[[Eriosema]]'', ''[[Galactia]]'', ''[[Indigofera]]'', ''[[Phaseolus]]'', ''[[Stylosanthes]]'', ''[[Tephrosia]]'', and ''[[Zornia]]''. The trees manteco (''[[Byrsonima crassifolia]]''), chaparro (''[[Curatella americana]]''), and alcornoque (''[[Bowdichia virgilioides]]'') are the most common. They can grow apart from each other. When they grow togehter, they are called ''matas''. The matas can be as small as 12 meters across or as large as a [[hectare]].<ref name = wwf/> During the rainy season, parts of the Llanos can flood. The flood water can be a meter deep. Then the [[savannas]]s and [[grassland]]s become [[wetland]]s. They become like the [[Pantanal]] of central South America. Water birds and other animals come to live in the flooded Llanos. The Llanos that flood are called llano bajo. The Llanos bajos have soil with more food chemicals in them, so different plants grow there, for example the grass ''[[Paspalum fasciculatum]]'' and the trees ''[[Copernicia tectorum]]'' and gallery forest trees.<ref name = wwf/> The gallery forests that grow near rivers have both evergreen forests on the Llanos that flood and semi-deciduous forests in the high Llanos that do not flood. ''Morichales'' are forests that flood part of the year. They have the [[Mauritia flexuosa|moriche palm]] (''Mauritia flexuosa''). Vegas are evergreen forests that flood part of the year. They grow near the Orinoco river and its smaller rivers. Trees form a [[canopy (biology)|canopy]] 8 to 20 meters high, and include ''[[Inga]]'' spp., ''[[Combretum frangulifolium]], [[Gustavia augusta]], [[Pterocarpus]]'' sp., ''[[Etaballia dubia]], [[Spondias mombin]]'', and ''[[Copaifera pubiflora]]''.<ref name = wwf/> Semi-deciduous forests grow above flood level. They form a canopy 12 to 15 meters high. The trees that grow there are, for example, ''[[Tabebuia billbergii]]'', ''[[Godmania aesculifolia]]'', ''[[Cassia moschata]]'', ''Spondias mombin'', ''Copaifera pubiflora'', ''[[Bourreria cumanensis]]'', ''[[Cordia]]'' spp., ''[[Bursera simaruba]]'', ''[[Cochlospermum vitifolium]]'', ''[[Hura crepitans]]'', and ''[[Acacia glomerosa]]''.<ref name = wwf/> Matorrales are places with woody plants that grow 5 to 8 meters high. There are large matorrales in the middles of the Venezuelan Llanos. Scientists think they might have been dry forests long ago. They include woody plants, for example ''[[Bourreria cumanensis]]'', ''[[Randia aculeata]]'', ''[[Godmania aesculifolia]]'', ''[[Pereskia guamacho]]'', ''[[Prosopis]]'' spp., ''[[Xylosma benthamii]]'', ''[[Erytroxylum]]'' sp., and ''[[Cereus hexagonus]]''.<ref name = wwf/> ==Animals== [[Mammals|Fur animals]] live in the Llanos. For example, there are [[white-tailed deer]] (''Odocoileus virginianus''), [[giant anteater]]s (''Myrmecophaga tridactyla''), [[capybara]]s (''Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris''), [[giant armadillo]]s (''Priodontes maximus''), [[Eastern cottontail|eastern cottontail rabbits]] (''Sylvilagus floridanus''), [[Alston's cotton rat]]s (''Sigmodon alstoni''), [[Hispid cotton rat]]s (''S. hispidus''), ''[[Zygodontomys brevicauda]]'', and ''[[Oecomys bicolor]]''.<ref name = wwf/> Many animals live in the gallery forests that grow next to the rivers. For example, there are the [[collared peccary]] (''Tayassu tajacu''), [[white-lipped peccary]] (''T. pecari''), [[South American tapir]] (''Tapirus terrestris''), white-tailed deer, [[red brocket]] (''Mazama americana''), [[wedge-capped capuchin]] (''Cebus olivaceus''), [[Venezuelan red howler]] (''Alouatta seniculus''), large rodents like the [[lowland paca]] (''Cuniculus paca''), [[agouti]]s (''[[Dasyprocta]]'' spp.), and [[Brazilian porcupine]] (''Coendou prehensilis''), and large cats like the [[cougar|puma]] (''Puma concolor''), [[jaguar]] (''Panthera onca''), and [[ocelot]] (''Leopardus pardalis''). The endangered [[giant otter]] (''Pteronura brasiliensis'') lives along the Orinoco River and its [[tributary|small rivers]].<ref name = wwf/> Some of the [[South American jaguar#Characteristics|largest jaguars]] in the world live in the Llanos. The male jaguar can weigh over {{convert|100|kg|lb|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jedrzejewski, W. |author2=Abarca, M. R. |author3=Viloria, Á. |author4=Cerda, H. |author5=Lew, D. |author6=Takiff, H. |author7=Abadia, E. |author8=Velozo, P. |title=Jaguar conservation in Venezuela against the backdrop of current knowledge on its biology and evolution |publisher=Interciencia |format=pdf |volume=36 |issue=12 |pages=954–966 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220033215 |year=2011 |access-date=2019-07-12}}</ref> The [[Llanos long-nosed armadillo]] (''Dasypus sabanicola'') and the short-tailed opossum ''[[Monodelphis orinoci]]'' [[endemism|live in]] the Llanos.<ref name = wwf/> The Llanos' wetlands have about 70 species of [[water bird]]s, for example the [[scarlet ibis]].<ref name="Llanos wetlands during the rainy season"/> Many [[sharp-tailed ibis]] (''Cerbibis oxycerca'') and [[white-bearded flycatcher]] (''Phelpsia inornata'') also live in the Llanos. There are reptiles in the Llanos: the [[Orinoco crocodile]] (''Crocodylus intermedius''), [[spectacled caiman]] (''Caiman crocodilus''), [[Green anaconda]] (''Eunectes murinus''), and [[Arrau turtle]] (''Podocnemis expansa'') live in the flooded places. <gallery> File:2007 02 Capybaras 05.jpg|A group of [[capybara]]s at Hato La Fe, [[Venezuela]] Image:guaraticocroc.jpg|[[Spectacled caiman]], Guaratico River, Venezuela </gallery> ==Indigenous peoples== [[Indigenous peoples|Indigenous human beings]] who live in the Llanos include the [[Guahibo people]] in the western Llanos in Colombia and Venezuela, and the [[Yaruro people]] in the eastern Llanos in Venezuela. ==Cow raising and farming== Starting with the [[Spanish colonization of the Americas|Spanish takeover]], people have brought millions of cows to the Llanos. An 1856 [[watercolor]] painting by [[Manuel María Paz]] shows cows eating grass between the palm trees.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paz |first=Manuel María |author-link=Manuel María Paz |title=General View of The Plains, Province of Casanare |work=World Digital Library |access-date=2014-05-21 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/9027}}</ref> The word ''[[llanero]]'' ("plainsman") became the name for the cowhands who took care of the herds. They are like the [[gaucho]]s of the [[Pampas]] or the ''[[Cowboy|vaqueros]]'' of [[Spanish Texas|Spanish]] and [[Mexican Texas]]. People raised so many cows on the Llanos that the grasslands changed. Human beings set fire to the grasslands to kill trees and shrubs and grow better grass for the cows. Human beings [[introduced species|brought new grasses]] from other parts of the Earth because they thought they would be better for the cows to eat. For example, they brought the African grass ''[[Melinis minutiflora]]''. Now, large parts of the Llanos are govered in African grass.<ref name = wwf/> Much of the Llanos now has farms on it, for example rice and corn farms. Some of the rice fields are in the parts of the Llanos that flood. ==Oil and gas== People look for oil and [[natural gas]] in Arauca, Casanare, Guárico, Anzoátegui, Apure, and Monagas. The [[Orinoco Belt]], which is in Venezuela, has a lot of [[heavy crude]]oil in [[oil sands]]. The Orinoco belt oil sands are one of the largest in the world, after the [[Athabasca Oil Sands]] in [[Alberta]], Canada. All of the non-conventional oil in Venezuela put together {{convert|1200|Goilbbl|m3}}, most of which is the Orinoco, is about as much as all the convetional oil in the rest of the world.{{citation needed|date=July 2019}} ==Protected areas== In 2017, scientists said that 105,323&nbsp;km², or 28%, of the Llanos, is in protected areas, meaning places where the government says no one may harm the plants or animals.<ref name="dinerstein">Eric Dinerstein, David Olson, et al. (2017). An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm, BioScience, Volume 67, Issue 6, June 2017, Pages 534–545; Supplemental material 2 table S1b. [https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix014]</ref> Protected areas include [[Aguaro-Guariquito National Park]] (5,857.5&nbsp;km²), [[Cinaruco-Capanaparo National Park]] (5,843.68&nbsp;km²), [[Tortuga Arrau Reserve]] (98.56&nbsp;km²), and [[Caño Guaritico Wildlife Refuge]] (93.0&nbsp;km²) in Venezuela, and [[El Tuparro National Natural Park]] (5,549.08&nbsp;km²) in Colombia.<ref name = wwf/><ref>UNEP-WCMC (2020). Protected Area Profile for Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) from the World Database of Protected Areas, September 2020. Available at: www.protectedplanet.net</ref> ==Gallery== <gallery mode="packed"> File:NP Llanos24 lo (5853385573).jpg|Colombia File:GanadoLlanosVenezuela.jpg|Venezuela File:Guaraticoriver.jpg|The Guaratico River near Mantecal, Venezuela File:Llanosbongo.jpg|Tourist metal bongo on the Guaratico River File:Llanos1.jpg|The flat Llanos File:Llanosmarsh3.jpg|Wet season File:Llanosnight4.jpg|Sunset File:Llanosstorm.jpg|Thunderstorm tracks </gallery> ==Cities in the Llanos== ===In Colombia=== *[[Acacías]] *[[Arauca, Arauca]] *[[Gaviotas]] *[[Maní, Casanare]] *[[Orocué]] *[[Paz de Ariporo]] *[[Puerto Carreño]] *[[Inírida, Guainía|Inírida]] *[[Puerto López, Meta]] *[[San José del Guaviare]] *[[Saravena]] *[[Tame, Arauca|Tame]] *[[Villavicencio]] *[[Yopal]] *[[Fortul]] ===In Venezuela=== *[[Acarigua]] *[[Araure]] *[[Barinas, Venezuela|Barinas]] *[[Calabozo]] *[[Caripito]] *[[El Tigre]] *[[Guanare]] *[[Maturín]] *[[Puerto Ayacucho]] *[[Sabaneta, Barinas|Sabaneta]] *[[San Carlos, Cojedes|San Carlos]] *[[San Fernando de Apure]] *[[Tucupita]] *[[Valle de la Pascua]] ==Related pages== * [[History of Colombia]] * [[History of Venezuela]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category|Llanos}} *{{in lang|en}} {{WWF ecoregion|id=nt0709|name=Llanos}} *{{in lang|en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20120920105047/http://www.havanatimes.org/?p=30235 Dawn on the Plains] Photo Feature, ''Havana Times'', Oct 1, 2010. *{{in lang|es}} [http://www.llanera.com/musica/ The llanos music] *{{in lang|es}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20100521071628/http://www.llanera.com/regiones/ The llanos of Colombia and Venezuela] *{{in lang|es}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20180620001902/http://www.sanmartinmeta.com/ Los Llanos de Colombia] {{WikidataCoord}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Grasslands]] [[Category:Geography of South America]] [[Category:Ecoregions]] bkiat7bbtnkhxvpnvuv45jcilrcoccz 0 935256 10367782 9801257 2025-07-02T15:15:53Z Valerystarlight 1191375 10367782 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Walter Arnold Hadlee''' was born on 4 June 1915. He died on 29 September 2006. He was a New Zealand [[Cricket|cricketer]] and [[Test cricket|Test match]] captain. He played [[first-class cricket]]. Three of his five sons were [[Richard Hadlee|Sir Richard]], [[Dayle Hadlee|Dayle]], and [[Barry Hadlee|Barry]]. They also played cricket for [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]]. The [[Chappell–Hadlee Trophy]] is named after the Hadlee family. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Walter Hadlee Profile - ICC Ranking, Age, Career Info & Stats|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/profiles/5667/walter-hadlee|access-date=2022-06-09|website=Cricbuzz|language=en}}</ref> [[File:Walter Hadlee (cropped).jpg|thumb]] == References == {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{cricinfo|id=37226}} *[http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/newzealand/content/story/260822.html Walter Hadlee dies aged 91], [[Cricinfo]], 29 September 2006. *[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,60-2381364,00.html Obituary, ''The Times'', 30 September 2006] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20110604124215/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,60-2381364,00.html |date=4 June 2011 }} {{sports-bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hadlee, Walter}} [[Category:1915 births]] [[Category:2006 deaths]] [[Category:New Zealand cricketers]] bdodvazdxhwzy2l1dbaj80f70wmqx1e 0 935257 10367763 9595265 2025-07-02T15:07:40Z Valerystarlight 1191375 10367763 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Verdun John Scott''' was born on 31 July 1916. He died on 2 August 1980. Scott was a sportsman who played for [[New Zealand]]. He played both Test [[cricket]] and [[rugby league]]. As of 2022 he is the only player to have played both. In [[World War II]] he went to [[Egypt]] and [[Italy]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Home of CricketArchive|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/0/743/743.html|access-date=2022-06-09|website=cricketarchive.com}}</ref> [[File:Verdun Scott 1959.jpg|thumb]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/0/743/743.html Verdun Scott at Cricket Archive] * [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/38384.html Verdun Scott at Cricinfo] {{sports-bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scott, Verdun}} [[Category:1916 births]] [[Category:1980 deaths]] [[Category:New Zealand cricketers]] [[Category:New Zealand rugby league players]] [[Category:Sportspeople from Auckland]] nyapgxs6utvfbg8j7zgdc2kdwx8q9bi 0 935741 10368275 10356503 2025-07-02T21:16:42Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C category restored 10368275 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Day 4''' is the name of the fourth [[Season (television)|season]] of the [[Television program|television series]] [[24 (TV series)|24]]. The story covers a  day that starts and ends at 7 AM. == Season Overview == The season starts with a [[train]] [[bomb]]ing. The bombing is used to get a device to control [[nuclear power plant]]s. [[Terrorism|Terrorists]] [[Kidnapping|kidnap]] [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]] James  Heller and his daughter, Audrey Raines. They plan to kill Heller on the [[internet]] to get past internet [[Firewall (networking)|firewalls]] to use the device. Bauer stops them from killing Heller, but the terrorists gain control of power plants. Eventually, [[24 (TV series)|CTU]] gets control of most plants. CTU learns that the terrorist behind the events is Habib Marwan. He worked for McLennan-Forrester. The company sets off an [[Electromagnetic Pulse|EMP]] to destroy evidence of the terrorist. Later, terrorists get a [[Stealth aircraft|stealth fighter]] and shoot down [[Air Force One]]. [[President of the United States|President]] Keeler cannot serve, and [[Vice President of the United States|Vice-President]] Logan becomes president. Marwan's terror cells steal the [[nuclear football]] from the site of the crash of Air Force One. Jack finds evidence leading him to the [[People's Republic of China|Chinese]] [[consulate]]. At the consulate, the Chinese consul is killed in a [[gun]]fight. CTU eventually stops the missile, but Jack and his friends must fake his death. In the end, Jack is a [[fugitive]] from the [[Federal government of the United States|US]] and Chinese [[government]]s.   == Characters == === Starring === * [[Kiefer Sutherland]] as [[Jack Bauer]] (24 episodes) * [[Kim Raver]] as [[Audrey Raines]] (24 episodes) * [[Alberta Watson]] as [[Minor government agents in 24#Erin Driscoll|Erin Driscoll]] (12 episodes) * [[Lana Parrilla]] as [[Minor government agents in 24#Sarah Gavin|Sarah Gavin]] (12 episodes) * [[Roger Cross]] as [[Curtis Manning (24 character)|Curtis Manning]] (22 episodes) * [[William Devane]] as [[James Heller (24 character)|Secretary of Defense James Heller]] (15 episodes) === Special guest stars === * [[Carlos Bernard]] as [[Tony Almeida]] (18 episodes) * [[Reiko Aylesworth]] as [[Michelle Dessler]] (13 episodes) === Special guest appearance by === * [[Dennis Haysbert]] as [[David Palmer (24 character)|David Palmer]] (6 episodes) === Guest starring === * [[Louis Lombardi]] as [[Edgar Stiles]] (24 episodes) * [[Arnold Vosloo]] as [[Habib Marwan]] (17 episodes) * [[Mary Lynn Rajskub]] as [[Chloe O'Brian]] (16 episodes) * [[Geoff Pierson]] as [[List of minor characters in 24#John Keeler|President John Keeler]] (13 episodes) * [[Shohreh Aghdashloo]] as [[List of minor characters in 24#Dina Araz|Dina Araz]] (12 episodes) * [[Jonathan Ahdout]] as [[List of minor characters in 24#Behrooz Araz|Behrooz Araz]] (12 episodes) * [[James Frain]] as [[List of minor characters in 24#Paul Raines|Paul Raines]] (10 episodes) * [[James Morrison (actor)|James Morrison]] as [[Bill Buchanan]] (10 episodes) * [[Nestor Serrano]] as [[List of minor characters in 24#Navi Araz|Navi Araz]] (10 episodes) * [[Cameron Bancroft (actor)|Cameron Bancroft]] as [[Minor government agents in 24#Lee Castle|Lee Castle]] (9 episodes) * [[Gregory Itzin]] as [[Charles Logan (24 character)|Vice President/President Charles Logan]] (9 episodes) * [[Jude Ciccolella]] as [[Mike Novick]] (8 episodes) * [[Logan Marshall-Green]] as [[List of minor characters in 24#Richard Heller|Richard Heller]] (7 episodes) * [[Aisha Tyler]] as [[Minor government agents in 24#Marianne Taylor|Marianne Taylor]] (7 episodes) * [[John Allen Nelson]] as [[List of minor characters in 24#Walt Cummings|Walt Cummings]] (5 episodes) * [[Leighton Meester]] as [[List of minor characters in 24#Debbie Pendleton|Debbie Pendleton]] (4 episodes) * [[Lukas Haas]] as [[List of minor characters in 24#Andrew Paige|Andrew Paige]] (3 episodes) * [[Mia Kirshner]] as [[Mandy (24 character)|Mandy]] (3 episodes) * [[Tzi Ma]] as [[Cheng Zhi]] (2 episodes) * [[Glenn Morshower]] as [[Aaron Pierce (24 character)|Aaron Pierce]] (2 episodes) == Reception == The season received positive reviews by [[critic]]s. It has a rating of 95% on [[Rotten Tomatoes]]. Commentators were critical of the portrayal of [[torture]] on the program. They question if acts of torture are becoming more normal and therefore they are becoming justifiable .<ref>{{Cite news|last=Green|first=Adam|date=2005-05-22|title=Normalizing Torture on '24'|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/22/arts/television/normalizing-torture-on-24.html|access-date=2022-06-11|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:2005 television seasons]] i9nto8yde1jempx8jjtd0xwg3mzd2f9 0 937041 10367786 10342113 2025-07-02T15:18:32Z Valerystarlight 1191375 10367786 wikitext text/x-wiki "'''We're Good'''" is a song by English singer [[Dua Lipa]]. It is from the album [[Future Nostalgia: The Moonlight Edition]]. The album is from 2021. It is the deluxe version of Dua Lipa’s second studio album, which is just called Future Nostalgia 2020. The song was written by the singer, [[Emily Warren]], [[Scott Harris (songwriter)|Scott Harris]], and [[Sylvester Sivertsen|Sly]]. Sly handled actually making the song. It was released m for [[Music download|digital download]] and [[Streaming media|streaming]] on 11 February 2021. It was the [[lead single]] from the album, and it came out at the same time as the album too. "We're Good" is a [[bossa nova]] and [[2000s in music|2000s]]-styled, [[midtempo]] (not very fast or very slow) [[Tropical music|tropical-pop]] song with [[Trap music|trap]] and [[reggae rock]] parts. It talks about the singer imagining a friendly breakup with her ex-boyfriend. [[File:We're Good.png|thumb]] {{Dua Lipa}} {{music-stub}} [[Category:2021 songs]] [[Category:Dua Lipa songs]] rhsqyns6y3t1oqbrslihmgijmydttkp 0 937206 10367778 8475705 2025-07-02T15:14:57Z Valerystarlight 1191375 10367778 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox French commune |name = Vyt-lès-Belvoir |commune status = Commune |image = Vyt-lès-Belvoir, Mairie.jpg |caption = Town hall |image coat of arms = Blason ville fr Vyt-lès-Belvoir 25.svg |coordinates = {{coord|47.3492|6.6225|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |INSEE = 25635 |postal code = 25430 |arrondissement = Montbéliard |canton = Bavans |mayor = Lionel Torchio<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/en/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=9 August 2021|language=fr}}</ref> |term = 2020&ndash;2026 |intercommunality = [[Communauté de communes du Pays de Sancey-Belleherbe|Pays de Sancey-Belleherbe]] |elevation min m = 516 |elevation max m = 845 |area km2 = 7.54 |population = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}} |population date = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}} |population footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}} }} '''Vyt-lès-Belvoir''' is a [[Communes of France|commune]] (township) in the [[Bourgogne-Franche-Comté]] [[Regions of France|region]] of eastern [[France]]. [[File:Vyt-lès-Belvoir Boîte à livres Le kiosque 01.jpg|thumb]] == References == {{reflist}} {{Doubs communes}} {{France-geo-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Vyt-les-Belvoir}} [[Category:Communes in Doubs]] 9whudb7wklewd1hc67z8xfhrd8mo04m 0 937207 10367560 8722153 2025-07-02T12:01:57Z Valerystarlight 1191375 10367560 wikitext text/x-wiki A '''Vacation Bible School''' ('''VBS''') is a kind of [[religious education]] for [[Child|children]]. [[Christian church|Churches]] usually hold the schools for a week during the [[summer]], but how long each VBS lasts can change. Vacation Bible Schools sometimes happen during other times of the year, too. [[File:Vacation Bible School Argentina (7021898271).jpg|thumb|Some children at a vacation Bible school in the 1940s]] {{religion-stub}} [[Category:Religious education]] [[Category:Christianity]] fkr2zkgs6s44eaw9mbtzewxvd9goa75 0 938124 10369250 8434972 2025-07-03T09:01:47Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10369250 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox | name = Auks | fossil_range = [[Late Eocene]] – recent {{fossil_range|35|0}} | image = Parakeetauklets2.jpg | image_caption = [[Parakeet auklet]]s (''Aethia psittacula'') | taxon = Alcidae | authority = [[William Elford Leach|Leach]], 1820 | type_species = ''[[Alca torda]]'' | type_species_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]] | subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies | subdivision = * '''[[Alcinae]]''' <small>Leach, 1820</small> * '''[[Fraterculinae]]''' <small>Strauch, 1985</small> }} The '''auk''' is a type of [[bird]]. It is the English word for any bird in the [[family (taxonomy)|family]] Alcidae. There are many species of auk. They live in the northern [[northern hemisphere|half of Planet Earth]]. Some auks are small birds and some are medium-sized birds. All auks live on or near the ocean. They have long, thick bodies. They have small wings and tails. They have short legs and [[webbed feet]]. Auks do not walk well. They flap their wings very fast to fly. When they fly, they cannot change direction as fast as other birds can. But auks swim and dive well.<ref name=RSPB>{{cite web|url=https://www.rspb.org.uk/birds-and-wildlife/wildlife-guides/bird-a-z/auk-family/|publisher=Royal Society for the Protection of Birds|title=Auks|accessdate=June 21, 2022}}</ref> Auks look like penguins because they are usually black and white in color, with black on the back and white on the belly. But auks and penguins are not closely related. They do not live in the same places. Auks can fly and penguins cannot.<ref name=NHPBS>{{cite web|url=https://nhpbs.org/wild/Alcidae.asp|accessdate=June 21, 2022|title=Alcidae - Auks, Murres, Puffins|work=Wildlife Junior|publisher=New Hampshire Public Broadcasting Service}}</ref> Most auks live on the ocean. They stay far from land for months. They come to land to build nests, lay eggs, and raise young auk chicks.<ref name=NHPBS /> ==Groups== There are 11 genuses<ref name=ITIS>{{cite web|url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=176967#null|accessdate=June 21, 2022|title=Alcidae|publisher=[[Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]}}</ref> and 23 species in the auk family.<ref name=BTO>{{cite web|url=https://www.bto.org/understanding-birds/birdfacts/bird-families/auks|publisher=British Trust for Ornithology|accessdate=June 21, 2022|title=Alcidae - Auks|archive-date=December 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207203445/https://www.bto.org/understanding-birds/birdfacts/bird-families/auks|url-status=dead}}</ref> There are [[razorbill]]s, [[murres]], [[guillemot]]s, [[puffin]]s,<ref name=Audo>{{cite web|url=https://projectpuffin.audubon.org/birds/auk-family|work=The Puffin Project|publisher=Audobon Society|accessdate=June 21, 2022|title=The Auk Family}}</ref> and the [[little auk]].<ref name=RSPB /> One species of auk, the [[great auk]], is [[extinction|extinct]]. All great auks are dead.<ref name=NHPBS /> *''[[Aethia]]'' *''[[Alca]]'' *''[[Alle]]'' *''[[Brachyramphus]]'' *''[[Cepphus]]'' *''[[Cerorhinca]]'' *''[[Fratercula]]'' *''[[Pinguinus]]'' (dead) *''[[Ptychoramphus]]'' *''[[Synthliboramphus]]'' *''[[Uria]]'' == References == {{Reflist}} {{wikispecies|Auk}} {{biology-stub}} {{commons}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q28294}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Charadriiformes]] qc25hkodkuftqariscjywk502ruqzg6 0 938935 10367775 8475720 2025-07-02T15:13:45Z Valerystarlight 1191375 10367775 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox French commune |name = Vuillafans |commune status = [[Communes of France|Commune]] |image = Vuillafans, depuis Châteauvieux-les-Fossés.JPG |caption = A general view of Vuillafans |image coat of arms = Blason ville fr Vuillafans 25.svg |coordinates = {{coord|47.0658|6.2172|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |INSEE = 25633 |postal code = 25840 |arrondissement = Besançon |canton = Ornans |mayor = Claude Curie |term = 2020&ndash;2026 |intercommunality = [[Communauté de communes Loue-Lison|Loue-Lison]] |elevation min m = 339 |elevation max m = 721 |area km2 = 6.14 |population = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}} |population date = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}} |population footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}} }} '''Vuillafans''' is a [[Communes of France|commune]] in the [[Doubs]] [[Departments of France|department]] in the [[Bourgogne-Franche-Comté]] [[Regions of France|region]] in eastern [[France]]. [[File:Vuillafans, la rue Gérard.jpg|thumb]] == References == {{reflist}} {{Doubs communes}} {{France-geo-stub}} [[Category:Communes in Doubs]] pssul3hbosqdghctzw98r811mn4aimg 0 939969 10368931 9977302 2025-07-03T04:06:30Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Personal life */ typo: duplication 10368931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}} {{Infobox sportsperson |name = Martha Kolthoff |fullname = Martha Cecile Kolthoff |image = |image_size = |caption = |birth_date = {{birth date|1908|1|27|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Batavia]], [[Dutch East Indies]] |death_date = {{death date and age|1999|9|15|1908|1|27|df=y}} |death_place = [[Laren]], the Netherlands |height = |weight = |sport = [[Track and field athletics]] |club = {{ill|Hygiëa|nl|SV Hygiea}}, [[The Hague]] |alma_mater = |show-medals = yes |medaltemplates = }} '''Martha Cecile Kolthoff''' (27 January 1908 — 15 September 1999) was a Dutch sprinter, javelin thrower and discus thrower in the 1920s. She was a member of Hygiëa, [[The Hague]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.atletiekhistorici.nl/programpic1944/picverenigingen1944.html |title= Verenigingen Periode tot 1945 |work= atletiekhistorici.nl |access-date= 29 June 2022 |language= nl |archive-date= 15 May 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220515212813/http://www.atletiekhistorici.nl/programpic1944/picverenigingen1944.html |url-status= dead }}</ref> ==Career== Her earliest achievement was in September 1923, becoming champion of [[South Holland]] in the athletics’ [[triathlon]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMKB04:000142895:mpeg21:p006 |title=Athletiek wedstrijden van het gewest Zuid-Holland van de K.N.G.V.|work=[[Haagsche courant]] |via=[[Delpher]]|date=17 September 1923|access-date=20 June 2022|language=nl}}</ref> In 1924 she won in this competition the javelin throw.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010009299:mpeg21:a0200 |title=Athletiekdag Gewest Zuid-Holland K.N.G.V.|work=[[Het Vaderland]] |via=[[Delpher]]|date=22 September 1924|access-date=20 June 2022|language=nl}}</ref> In September 1925 she broke with {{ill|Hygiëa|nl|SV Hygiea}} the national record in the 4x 80 meters.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMKB27:017891028:mpeg21:a00056 |title=De wedstrijden op TL te Werve. 7 Nederland. records verbeterd .|work=[[De avondpost]] |via=[[Delpher]]|date=15 September 1925|access-date=20 June 2022|language=nl}}</ref> Later the month she became national champion in the athletics’ [[triathlon]] ahead of [[Leny Rombout]] and {{ill|Nettie Grooss|en}}.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:011083503:mpeg21:a0080 |title=Wedstrijden K.N.G.V.|work=[[Het volk]] |via=[[Delpher]]|date=29 September 1925|access-date=20 June 2022|language=nl}}</ref> She also became with her club national champion in the 4x 80 metres relay.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMKB27:017891053:mpeg21:a00070 |title=De K.N.G.V. kampioenschappen.|work=[[De avondpost]] |via=[[Delpher]]|date=28 September 1925|access-date=20 June 2022|language=nl}}</ref> In 1927 she became Dutch national champion in the 4x 100 metres together with [[Nici Mür]], [[Willy Hamerslag]] and [[Nettie Grooss]] with a time of 55 seconds.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMKB04:000144649:mpeg21:a0048 |title=De nationale atletiek-kampioenschappen te Haarlem.|work=[[Haagsche courant]]|via=[[Delpher]]|date=8 August 1927|access-date=20 June 2022|language=nl}}</ref> On 31 July 1927 Kolthof set the first official Dutch national record in the discus throw with 23.84 metres.<ref name=recordbook /> During an out of competition record attempt in September 1927 [[Nici Mür]] threw in discus throw 24.11 metres, so further than the record of Kolthoff. Kolthof broke during this record attempt session the national records javelin throw with 27.25 metres. While a special prize was awarded for the new record and these records were mentioned in newspapers as new national records, the records were never recognized by the Dutch athletics federation.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMKB15:000596056:mpeg21:a00068 |title=Mej. Kolthoff (Hygiëa)|work= De courant Het nieuws van den dag |via=[[Delpher]]|date=6 September 1927|access-date=20 June 2022|language=nl}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010732330:mpeg21:a0059 |title=Ned. records discus en speerwerpen|work= Leeuwarder nieuwsblad |via=[[Delpher]]|date=6 September 1927|access-date=20 June 2022|language=nl}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMSAEN01:000049122:mpeg21:p012|title=Nederlandsche records verbeterd|work=Twentsch dagblad Tubantia en Enschedesche courant |via=[[Delpher]]|date=5 September 1927|access-date=20 June 2022|language=nl}}</ref><ref name=record>{{cite web|url= https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMKB04:000144673:mpeg21:a0082 |title=Verbetering van twee Nederlandsche records.|work=[[Haagsche courant]] |via=[[Delpher]]|date=5 September 1927|access-date=20 June 2022|language=nl}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010011128:mpeg21:a0134 |title= 5 Ned records verbeterd. |work=[[Het Vaderland]]|via=[[Delpher]]|date=5 September 1927|access-date=20 June 2022|language=nl}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.atletiekhistorici.nl/programpic1944/picverenigingen1944.html |title= Verenigingen Periode tot 1945 |work= atletiekhistorici.nl |access-date= 29 June 2022 |language= nl |archive-date= 15 May 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220515212813/http://www.atletiekhistorici.nl/programpic1944/picverenigingen1944.html |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref name=recordbook>{{cite web|url=https://dvy7d3tlxdpkf.cloudfront.net/atletiek/Downloads/Wedstrijdsport/Nederlandse-records/Nederlandse-Records-1886-1992.pdf?v=1649851362|title=Koninklijke Nederlandse Atletiek Unie. Recordboek|work=Koninklijke Nederlandse Atletiek Unie (Royal Dutch athletics federation)|access-date=29 June 2022|page=82-83|language=nl|archive-date=21 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421220602/https://dvy7d3tlxdpkf.cloudfront.net/atletiek/Downloads/Wedstrijdsport/Nederlandse-records/Nederlandse-Records-1886-1992.pdf?v=1649851362|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kolthof lost eventually the record in August 1928 to {{ill|Lena Michaëlis|en}}.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010193586:mpeg21:a0132 |title=Athletiek. Drie Nederlandsche records verbeterd.|work= [[Tilburgsche courant]] |via=[[Delpher]]|date=7 August 1928|access-date=20 June 2022|language=nl}}</ref><ref name=recordbook /> ==Personal life== Kolthoff was born on 27 January 1908 in [[Batavia]], [[Dutch East Indies]]. She was the only child of father Abraham Kolthoff (1863-1940) who was director Officer of Health 1st class of the K.N.I.L. and worked in Batavia. Her mother was Johanna Cornelia Brandon (1870-1947).<ref>[https://www.sjoa-drenthe.nl/humogen/family.php?database=humo3_&id=F8733&main_person=I13648 Abraham Kolthoff] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702020333/https://www.sjoa-drenthe.nl/humogen/family.php?database=humo3_&id=F8733&main_person=I13648 |date=2022-07-02 }}, sjoa-drenthe.nl</ref> They moved back to the Netherlands where she married to mechanical engineer Lucas Ruinen (1901-1993) on 20 August 1937 in [[The Hague]]. They had four children together.<ref>[https://www.sjoa-drenthe.nl/humogen/family.php?database=humo3_&id=F9298&main_person=I14679 Martha Cecile Kolthoff] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705190827/https://www.sjoa-drenthe.nl/humogen/family.php?database=humo3_&id=F9298&main_person=I14679 |date=2022-07-05 }}, sjoa-drenthe.nl</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kolthoff, Martha}} [[Category:1908 births]] [[Category:1999 deaths]] [[Category:Dutch sprinters]] [[Category:Javelin throwers]] [[Category:Dutch discus throwers]] [[Category:1900s births]] [[Category:People from Batavia]] n0odonotusarvowe42xlo4y99qi16wy 0 940424 10367762 8669662 2025-07-02T15:06:42Z Valerystarlight 1191375 10367762 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Ventura Highway | cover = | alt = | type = single | artist = [[America (band)|America]] | album = [[Homecoming (America album)|Homecoming]] | B-side = Saturn Nights | released = September 19, 1972 | recorded = 1972 | studio = [[The Record Plant]], [[Los Angeles]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.accessbackstage.com/america/album/album30a.htm | title=Album Information - Highway: 30 Years of America }}</ref> | venue = | genre = [[Soft rock]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://allmusic.com/explore/metastyle/soft-rock-d4494/songs |title=Explore: Soft Rock &#124; Top Songs &#124; AllMusic |website=[[AllMusic]] |date=November 12, 2011 |access-date=March 24, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111112170358/http://allmusic.com/explore/metastyle/soft-rock-d4494/songs |archive-date=November 12, 2011 }}</ref> [[folk rock]] | length = {{Duration|m=3|s=32}} | label = [[Warner Bros. Records|Warner Bros.]] WB 7641 | writer = [[Dewey Bunnell]] | producer = America | prev_title = [[I Need You (America song)|I Need You]] | prev_year = 1972 | next_title = [[Don't Cross the River]] | next_year = 1973 | misc = {{external music video|type=single|{{YouTube|tnV7dTXlXxs|"Ventura Highway"}}}} }} "'''Ventura Highway'''" is a song by the band [[America (band)|America]]. It was written in 1972. It is from the band’s album [[Homecoming (America album)|Homecoming]]. The song was written by [[Dewey Bunnell]]. [[File:Ventura highway by america US single.png|thumb]] == References == {{reflist}} {{America (band)}} [[Category:1972 songs]] [[Category:America (band) songs]] [[Category:Folk rock songs]] {{music-stub}} la23ofhill1d29hb4v8g0wgwmq423z7 0 940426 10367761 8475710 2025-07-02T15:05:55Z Valerystarlight 1191375 10367761 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox French commune |name = Vaufrey |commune status = [[Communes of France|Commune]] |image = Vaufrey 1158.JPG |coordinates = {{coord|47.3486|6.925|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |INSEE = 25591 |postal code = 25190 |arrondissement = Montbéliard |canton = Maîche |mayor = Francine Miseré |term = 2020&ndash;2026 |intercommunality = Pays de Maîche |elevation min m = 395 |elevation max m = 900 |area km2 = 9.37 |population = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}} |population date = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}} |population footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}} }} '''Vaufrey''' is a [[Communes of France|commune]]. It is in [[Bourgogne-Franche-Comté]] in the [[Doubs]] [[Departments of France|department]] in east [[France]]. [[File:Vaufrey 1157.JPG|thumb]] == References == {{reflist}} {{Doubs communes}} {{France-geo-stub}} [[Category:Communes in Doubs]] 86gm0f1kerj9n95qoiwpjwf5bjr2ia0 0 941176 10368654 10321706 2025-07-03T01:48:13Z 2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4 10368654 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Perry the Platypus''', also known as Perry or Agent P is a [[fictional character]] created by [[Dan Povenmire]] and [[Swampy Marsh]] for the animated [[television series]] is a spin-off to the [[Phineas and Ferb]]. Perry is played by [[Dee Bradley Baker]]. ==Role in Phineas and Ferb== [[Phineas Flynn]] and his stepbrother [[Ferb Fletcher]] keep Perry as a pet but think that he’s just a regular [[platypus]] who “doesn’t do much.” Whenever Phineas has an idea for what he and Ferb will build that day, someone asks, “Hey, where’s Perry?”. Perry is a [[spy]] working for OWCA (the Organization Without a Cool [[Acronym]]) while wearing a [[fedora]] and is said to be OWCA’s best [[secret agent]]. Perry’s boss, Major Monogram, normally sends him to [[fight]] [[Dr. Doofenshmirtz]]. In almost every episode, Perry the Platypus shows up at Doof’s [[headquarters]], Dr. Doofenshmirtz traps Perry, Doof explains his evil plan, Perry escapes, Perry and [[Dr. Doofenshmirtz]] fight, Perry beats Doofenshmirtz, and Doof yells, “Curse you, Perry the Platypus.” That said, there are some exceptions to this. For example, in the Season One Episode ''Journey to the Center of Candace'', [[Dr. Doofenshmirtz]] decides to “mix it around a little” by beginning with describing his evil plan and then trapping Perry, but as soon as [[Dr. Doofenshmirtz]] explains his plan is “to destroy anyone who can’t make up their mind.” Perry immediately catches and arrests Doof after having a [[flashback]] to his owner [[Phineas Flynn]] saying he couldn’t make up his mind. ===Other enemies=== In the episode, ''No More Bunny Business,'' Perry the Platypus is sent to fight an [[evil]] [[rabbit]] named Dennis, who is more dangerous than [[Dr. Heinz Doofenshmirtz]] is. In the episode “Oh, there you are Perry”, Perry is told to leave [[Phineas and Ferb]] to [[fight]] a new [[supervillain]] the Regurgitator who takes on [[Dr. Doofenshmirtz]] as a [[sidekick]] and loses to Perry because of Doof’s [[stupidity]]. In some episodes, Perry works with [[Dr. Doofenshmirtz]] against a more dangerous [[villain]]. ===Relationship with Doofenshmirtz=== Even though [[Dr. Doofenshmirtz]] is Perry’s [[nemesis]]. When Perry isn’t trying to stop Doofenshmirtz from doing [[evil]], the two are actually [[friend]]s. In the season one episode, ''Oil on Candace,'' Perry tries to cheer up [[Dr. Doofenshmirtz]] when he can’t convince him [[Professor]] that he’s [[good]] at being [[evil]]. In the episode Dude, We’re Getting the Band Back Together, Perry helps Doofenshmirtz throw a [[birthday party]] for his [[daughter]] Vanessa. In the episode Put that Putter Away, Perry and Doof [[vacation]] together. In the episode Get that Bigfoot Outta My Face, Perry pretends to be Doofenshmirtz’s pet so that Doof can impress a [[woman]] he wants to date. In the episode It’s About Time, Perry has a [[song]] about how sad he is without Doofenshmirtz after Doof replaced him as an [[enemy]] with Peter the Panda. At one point, [[Dr. Doofenshmirtz]] tells Perry “You are my rock, Perry the Platypus, by which I mean the one person who’s always there for me”. ==Role in Across the Second Dimension== Perry plays a major role in [[Phineas and Ferb The Movie: Across The Second Dimension|Phineas and Ferb The Movie: Across the Second Dimension]], where He reveals that he’s actually a [[secret agent]] to stop the [[parallel universe]] version of [[Dr. Doofenshmirtz]] from [[killing]] Phineas and Ferb, but Phineas is angry with Perry for [[lying]] to him. ==Role in the OWCA Files== In the [[spin-off]] The OWCA Files, Perry has to train and work with a team of new partners, one of whom is the no longer [[evil]] Dr. Doofenshmirtz. ==Role in Milo Murphy’s Law== In the [[spin-off]] [[Milo Murphy’s Law]], Perry’s boss, Major Monogram, has him sent to [[Dr. Doofenshmirtz]] to stop Doof from accidentally causing problems while trying to be [[good]]. Only for Doofenshmirtz to find out and be [[angry]] with Perry because “you’re not my friend, you’re my [[babysitter]].” Though in the [[series finale]], [[Dr. Doofenshmirtz]] forgives Perry after finding out Perry spent all the [[money]] he was making on helping pay for Dr. Doofenshmirtz to invent [[time travel]] and become Professor Time. [[Category:Phineas and Ferb]] [[Category:Television characters]] 5ti65n7k6ybewnu5w7e9sd6qo4vjlof 10368671 10368654 2025-07-03T01:57:04Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4|2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4]] ([[User talk:2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4|talk]]) identified as [[WP:VAND|vandalism]] to last revision by Standby75. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368671 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Perry the Platypus''', also known as Perry or Agent P is a [[fictional character]] created by [[Dan Povenmire]] and [[Swampy Marsh]] for the animated [[television series]] [[Phineas and Ferb]]. Perry is played by [[Dee Bradley Baker]]. ==Role in Phineas and Ferb== [[Phineas Flynn]] and his stepbrother [[Ferb Fletcher]] keep Perry as a pet but think that he’s just a regular [[platypus]] who “doesn’t do much.” Whenever Phineas has an idea for what he and Ferb will build that day, someone asks, “Hey, where’s Perry?”. Perry is a [[spy]] working for OWCA (the Organization Without a Cool [[Acronym]]) while wearing a [[fedora]] and is said to be OWCA’s best [[secret agent]]. Perry’s boss, Major Monogram, normally sends him to [[fight]] [[Dr. Doofenshmirtz]]. In almost every episode, Perry the Platypus shows up at Doof’s [[headquarters]], Dr. Doofenshmirtz traps Perry, Doof explains his evil plan, Perry escapes, Perry and [[Dr. Doofenshmirtz]] fight, Perry beats Doofenshmirtz, and Doof yells, “Curse you, Perry the Platypus.” That said, there are some exceptions to this. For example, in the Season One Episode ''Journey to the Center of Candace'', [[Dr. Doofenshmirtz]] decides to “mix it around a little” by beginning with describing his evil plan and then trapping Perry, but as soon as [[Dr. Doofenshmirtz]] explains his plan is “to destroy anyone who can’t make up their mind.” Perry immediately catches and arrests Doof after having a [[flashback]] to his owner [[Phineas Flynn]] saying he couldn’t make up his mind. ===Other enemies=== In the episode, ''No More Bunny Business,'' Perry the Platypus is sent to fight an [[evil]] [[rabbit]] named Dennis, who is more dangerous than [[Dr. Heinz Doofenshmirtz]] is. In the episode “Oh, there you are Perry”, Perry is told to leave [[Phineas and Ferb]] to [[fight]] a new [[supervillain]] the Regurgitator who takes on [[Dr. Doofenshmirtz]] as a [[sidekick]] and loses to Perry because of Doof’s [[stupidity]]. In some episodes, Perry works with [[Dr. Doofenshmirtz]] against a more dangerous [[villain]]. ===Relationship with Doofenshmirtz=== Even though [[Dr. Doofenshmirtz]] is Perry’s [[nemesis]]. When Perry isn’t trying to stop Doofenshmirtz from doing [[evil]], the two are actually [[friend]]s. In the season one episode, ''Oil on Candace,'' Perry tries to cheer up [[Dr. Doofenshmirtz]] when he can’t convince him [[Professor]] that he’s [[good]] at being [[evil]]. In the episode Dude, We’re Getting the Band Back Together, Perry helps Doofenshmirtz throw a [[birthday party]] for his [[daughter]] Vanessa. In the episode Put that Putter Away, Perry and Doof [[vacation]] together. In the episode Get that Bigfoot Outta My Face, Perry pretends to be Doofenshmirtz’s pet so that Doof can impress a [[woman]] he wants to date. In the episode It’s About Time, Perry has a [[song]] about how sad he is without Doofenshmirtz after Doof replaced him as an [[enemy]] with Peter the Panda. At one point, [[Dr. Doofenshmirtz]] tells Perry “You are my rock, Perry the Platypus, by which I mean the one person who’s always there for me”. ==Role in Across the Second Dimension== Perry plays a major role in [[Phineas and Ferb The Movie: Across The Second Dimension|Phineas and Ferb The Movie: Across the Second Dimension]], where He reveals that he’s actually a [[secret agent]] to stop the [[parallel universe]] version of [[Dr. Doofenshmirtz]] from [[killing]] Phineas and Ferb, but Phineas is angry with Perry for [[lying]] to him. ==Role in the OWCA Files== In the [[spin-off]] The OWCA Files, Perry has to train and work with a team of new partners, one of whom is the no longer [[evil]] Dr. Doofenshmirtz. ==Role in Milo Murphy’s Law== In the [[spin-off]] [[Milo Murphy’s Law]], Perry’s boss, Major Monogram, has him sent to [[Dr. Doofenshmirtz]] to stop Doof from accidentally causing problems while trying to be [[good]]. Only for Doofenshmirtz to find out and be [[angry]] with Perry because “you’re not my friend, you’re my [[babysitter]].” Though in the [[series finale]], [[Dr. Doofenshmirtz]] forgives Perry after finding out Perry spent all the [[money]] he was making on helping pay for Dr. Doofenshmirtz to invent [[time travel]] and become Professor Time. [[Category:Phineas and Ferb]] [[Category:Television characters]] qerlvnq2nvi0pxzm7shmeaw19m9zbgu 0 941317 10368355 10357869 2025-07-02T22:17:04Z 2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4 10368355 wikitext text/x-wiki <!--PLEASE DO NOT ADD ANY UNTRUE OR UNSOURCED INFO TO THIS PAGE!!!--> {{Infobox television | image = Mickey Mouse (2013 TV series) logo.png | image_size = 250 | image_alt = | genre = [[Comedy]]<br />[[Slapstick]]<br>[[Animated series|Cartoon series]] | based_on = {{based on|''[[Mickey Mouse (film series)|Mickey Mouse]]''|[[Walt Disney]]<br />[[Ub Iwerks]]}} | developer = [[Paul Rudish]] | voices = {{Plainlist| * [[Chris Diamantopoulos]] * [[Russi Taylor]] * [[Tony Anselmo]] * [[Bill Farmer]] * [[Tress MacNeille]] * [[Jim Cummings]] * [[Corey Burton]] * [[April Winchell]] * [[Alan Young]] (2015–16) * [[John Kassir]] (2016–18) }} | composer = [[Christopher Willis]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Putting Mickey Mouse to Music: An Interview with Composer Chris Willis|url=http://blogs.disney.com/insider/2014/09/29/putting-mickey-mouse-to-music-an-interview-with-composer-chris-willis/|publisher=Disney Insider|access-date=September 30, 2014|date=September 29, 2014}}</ref> | country = United States<!--Please stop adding Canada. While the show may air in the US and Canada, it is PRODUCED in America.--> | language = English | num_seasons = 5 | num_episodes = 94 (+ 2 special episodes) | list_episodes = List of Mickey Mouse episodes | executive_producer = Paul Rudish | runtime = 3–4 minutes (87 episodes)<br>7 minutes (7 episodes)<br>22 minutes (2 specials)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Amidi|first1=Amid|title=Second Season of Mickey Mouse Shorts Will Debut in April|url=http://www.cartoonbrew.com/shorts/second-season-of-mickey-mouse-shorts-will-debut-in-april-97910.html|publisher=Cartoon Brew|access-date=July 2, 2015|date=March 29, 2014|quote=Most of them are under four minutes in length,...}}</ref> | company = [[Disney Television Animation]] | network = [[Disney Channel]] | first_aired = {{Start date|2013|6|28}} | last_aired = {{end date|2019|7|20}} | related = ''[[The Wonderful World of Mickey Mouse]]'' (2020–2023) }} '''''Mickey Mouse''''' is an American [[Animated series|animated]] [[comedy]] [[television series]] produced by [[Disney Television Animation]]. ==Voice cast== * [[Chris Diamantopoulos]] as [[Mickey Mouse]].<ref name=RotoShortsDebut>{{cite web|last=Taylor|first=Blake|title=Disney Shorts Debut with New Voice for Mickey Mouse|url=http://www.rotoscopers.com/2013/06/25/disney-shorts-debut-with-new-voice-for-mickey-mouse/|work=The Rotoscopers|date=June 27, 2013}}</ref><ref name=LATRussiTaylorMinnie/><!--There are absolutely no plans for Iwan to replace Diamantopoulos as the voice of the mouse.--> Instead of the current voice actor for Mickey, [[Bret Iwan]], Diamantopoulos voices [[Template:Infobox character doc|Mickey Ball]], because the producers wanted a voice that sounded similar to the one used by [[Walt Disney]] for ''his'' portrayal of Mickey.<ref>{{Cite web|title=D23.com {{!}} Dave Smith Reveals Where the "33" in Disneyland's Exclusive and Famed Club 33 Comes From {{!}} *Walt Disney Archives — Iris, Ask Dave, Parks|url=https://d23.com/ask-dave-011514-021814/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329010635/https://d23.com/ask-dave-011514-021814/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-03-29|work=[[Wayback Machine]]|date=2014-03-29|access-date=2019-08-28}}</ref> * [[Russi Taylor]] <!-- Don't add her years just yet. She most likely recorded a lot more episodes that have yet to air after her death.-->as [[Minnie Mouse]]<ref name=RotoShortsDebut/><ref name=LATRussiTaylorMinnie>{{cite web|last=King|first=Susan|title=Russi Taylor, the voice and personality of Minnie Mouse|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-mn-ca-classic-hollywood-minnie-mouse20140622-story.html|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=June 21, 2014|access-date=September 30, 2015}}</ref> and [[Huey, Dewey, and Louie]]<!-- Don't add her years just yet. She most likely recorded a lot more episodes that have yet to air after her death.--> * [[Tony Anselmo]] as [[Donald Duck]]<ref name=RotoShortsDebut/> * [[Bill Farmer]] as [[Goofy]] and [[Pluto (Disney)|Pluto]]<ref name=RotoShortsDebut/> * [[Tress MacNeille]] as [[Daisy Duck]]<ref name=RotoShortsDebut/> and [[Chip 'n' Dale|Chip]] * [[Jim Cummings]] as [[Pete (Disney)|Pete]] * [[Corey Burton]] as [[Ludwig Von Drake]] and [[Chip 'n' Dale|Dale]] * [[April Winchell]] as [[Clarabelle Cow]] * [[Alan Young]] (2015–16) and [[John Kassir]] (2016–18) as [[Scrooge McDuck]] == Cameos == * [[Yeti]] from [[Matterhorn Bobsleds]] * [[Cinderella (Disney character)|Cinderella]] and Prince Charming from ''[[Cinderella (1950 film)|Cinderella]]'' * Casey Junior, Dumbo, Timothy Q. Mouse and the Crows from ''[[Dumbo]]'' * King Candy's name from ''[[Wreck-It Ralph]]'' * [[Horace Horsecollar]] * [[Mickey Mouse universe|Clara Cluck]] * Luxo Ball from ''[[Luxo Jr.]]'' * Lady and Tramp from ''[[Lady and the Tramp]]'' * Glut the Shark, Sebastian and [[Under the Sea|his Band]] from ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' * [[Belle (Beauty and the Beast)|Belle]], [[Beast (Beauty and the Beast)|Beast]] and Sultan from ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' * [[José Carioca|Jose Carioca]] from ''[[Saludos Amigos]]'' * Buzzie, Flaps, Dizzie and Ziggy, [[King Louie]], Flunkey and his [[Monkey]]s from ''[[The Jungle Book (1967 film)|The Jungle Book]]'' * [[Snow White (Disney character)|Snow White]] and her Dwarfs from [[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|her film]] * [[Eeyore]]'s Tail and Winnie the Pooh's [[Honey]] from ''[[Winnie the Pooh (2011 film)|Winnie the Pooh]]'' * [[Pinocchio]], [[Geppetto]] and Monstro from ''[[Pinocchio (1940 film)|Pinocchio]]'' * Teenagers from ''[[Make Mine Music]]'' * [[Beagle Boys]] * [[Mickey Mouse universe|Phantom Blot]] * Yzma from ''[[The Emperor's New Groove]]'' * [[Big Bad Wolf#Disney version|Big Bad Wolf]] * The names of [[Fantasia 2000]] and [[Timon and Pumbaa|Pumbaa]] from ''[[The Lion King]]'' * [[Thumper (Bambi)|Thumper]] and [[Bambi (character)|Bambi]] from [[Bambi|his film]] * [[Duck family (Disney)|Gus Goose]] * [[Oswald the Lucky Rabbit]] * [[List of Fantasia (franchise) characters|Chernabog]] and the [[Ostrich]]es from ''[[Fantasia (1940 film)|Fantasia]]'' * Martian Robot from ''[[Mickey Mouse Works]]'' * [[Walt Disney]] * [[Jafar (Aladdin)|Jafar]] from ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]]'' * Penguin Waiters from ''[[Mary Poppins (film)|Mary Poppins]]'' * Raja the Tiger from ''[[Goliath II]]'' * [[Humphrey the Bear]] * Destiny from ''[[Enchanted (film)|Enchanted]]'' * The [[King]] from ''[[Brave Little Tailor]]'' * Wolf Arrowmen from ''[[Robin Hood (1973 film)|Robin Hood]]'' * Young Tantor and his mother from ''[[Tarzan (1999 film)|Tarzan]]'' * A VHS copy of ''[[The Black Cauldron (film)|The Black Cauldron]]'' * Nana from [[Peter Pan (1953 film)|Peter Pan]] * Copper from ''[[The Fox and the Hound]]'' * Pongo from ''[[One Hundred and One Dalmatians]]'' * Little Brother from ''[[Mulan (1998 film)|Mulan]]'' * Tito from ''[[Oliver & Company]]'' * Three Little Wolves from [[Three Little Wolves (film)|their short film]] * Max Hare and Toby Tortoise from ''[[The Tortoise and the Hare (film)|The Tortoise and the Hare]]'' ==Broadcast== As of March 2014, a total of 100 million viewers in the United States had seen the series. It was [[Broadcasting|broadcast]] in 160 countries.<ref name=Z2ISecondSeason>{{cite press release|title=Second Season of 'Mickey Mouse' Cartoon Shorts Premieres Friday April 11 on Disney Channel|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2014/03/28/second-season-of-mickey-mouse-cartoon-shorts-premieres-friday-april-11-on-disney-channel/248892/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329073327/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2014/03/28/second-season-of-mickey-mouse-cartoon-shorts-premieres-friday-april-11-on-disney-channel/248892/|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 29, 2014|publisher=Zap2it|access-date=March 29, 2014|author=Disney Channel|date=March 28, 2014}}</ref> As of June 2014, the show, translated in 34 languages, had reached over 135 million viewers worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wolfe|first1=Jennifer|title=Disney Starts Production on New 'Pickle & Peanut' Animated Series|url=http://www.awn.com/news/disney-starts-production-new-pickle-peanut-animated-series|publisher=Animation World Network|access-date=June 24, 2014|date=June 23, 2014}}</ref> ==Home media== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- |+DVD releases ! colspan=2 rowspan=2|Title !! rowspan=2|Season(s) !! rowspan=2|Episodes !! rowspan=2|Total running time !! Release date |- ! [[DVD region code#1|Region 1]] |- ! style="background:#302a81"| | ''The Complete First Season'' || 1–2 || 19 ([[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#Season 1 (2013–14)|1–18]], [[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#ep22|22]]) || 1 hour, 15 minutes || August 26, 2014<ref>{{cite web|title=Disney's Mickey Mouse: Season One DVD|url=http://www.blu-ray.com/dvd/Disneys-Mickey-Mouse-Season-One-DVD/89356/|publisher=Blu-ray.com|access-date=August 4, 2014}}</ref> |- ! style="background:#B11030"| | ''Merry and Scary'' || 1–3 || 7 ([[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#ep10|10]], [[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#ep27|27]], [[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#ep43|43]], [[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#ep54|54]], [[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#ep56|56]], [[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#Specials (2016–17)|58, 67]]) || 1 hour, 47 minutes || August 29, 2017<ref>{{cite web|title=Laugh your way to the holidays with Disney's new "Mickey Mouse: Merry & Scary" on DVD|url=http://www.insidethemagic.net/2017/06/laugh-way-holidays-disneys-new-mickey-mouse-merry-scary-dvd/|publisher=Insidethemagic.com|access-date=June 10, 2017}}</ref> |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |- |+Digital purchase ! colspan=3|Season ! Episodes ! Release number ! Episode count |- ! rowspan=2 style="background:#302a81| || rowspan=2|[[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#Season 1 (2013–14)|1]] | rowspan=2|2013–14 || rowspan=2|18 || 1<ref>{{cite web |title=Disney Mickey Mouse, Vol. 1 |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/disney-mickey-mouse-vol-1/id659497774 |website=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref> || 9 |- | rowspan=2|2<ref>{{cite web |title=Disney Mickey Mouse, Vol. 2 |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/disney-mickey-mouse-vol-2/id706257409 |website=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref> || rowspan=2|10 |- ! rowspan=3 style="background:#7b2a81| || rowspan=3|[[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#Season 2 (2014–15)|2]] | rowspan=3|2014–15 || rowspan=3|19 |- | 3<ref>{{cite web |title=Disney Mickey Mouse, Vol. 3 |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/disney-mickey-mouse-vol-3/id852560143 |website=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref> || 10 |- | rowspan=2|4<ref>{{cite web |title=Disney Mickey Mouse, Vol. 4 |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/disney-mickey-mouse-vol-4/id940662202 |website=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref> || rowspan=2|10 |- ! rowspan=3 style="background:#141414| || rowspan=3|[[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#Season 3 (2015–16)|3]] | rowspan=3|2015–16 || rowspan=3|20 |- | 5<ref>{{cite web |title=Disney Mickey Mouse, Vol. 5 |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/disney-mickey-mouse-vol-5/id1024844763 |website=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref> || 9 |- | 6<ref>{{cite web |title=Disney Mickey Mouse, Vol. 6 |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/disney-mickey-mouse-vol-6/id1075977720 |website=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref> || 9 |- ! rowspan=2 style="background:#3EAC07| || rowspan=2|[[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#Season 4 (2017–18)|4]] | rowspan=2|2017–18 || rowspan=2|19 || 7<ref>{{cite web |title=Disney Mickey Mouse, Vol. 7 |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/disney-mickey-mouse-vol-7/id1238942250 |website=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref> || 10 |- | 8<ref>{{cite web |title=Disney Mickey Mouse, Vol. 8 |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/disney-mickey-mouse-vol-8/id1326294434 |website=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref> || 9 |- ! rowspan=2 style="background:#fffa00| || rowspan=2|[[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#Season 5 (2018–19)|5]] | rowspan=2|2018–19 || rowspan=2|18 || 9<ref>{{cite web |title=Disney Mickey Mouse, Vol. 9 |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/disney-mickey-mouse-vol-9/id1436996117 |website=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref> || 9 |- | 10<ref>{{cite web |title=Disney Mickey Mouse, Vol. 10 |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/disney-mickey-mouse-vol-10/id1454856411 |website=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref> || 9 |} ==Awards and nominations== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Award ! Category ! Nominee ! Result |- | rowspan="4"| 2013 | rowspan="3"| [[65th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards|Primetime Emmy Award]]<ref name="65emmy">{{cite web|url=http://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/2013-noms-Press-Release-rev8.pdf|title=2013 primetime emmy award nominations|publisher=National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences|access-date=July 18, 2013}}</ref><ref name="65th emmys">{{cite web|url=http://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/2013CreativeArtsEmmysWinners.pdf|title=2013 Creative Arts Emmys Winners|publisher=National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences|access-date=September 15, 2013}}</ref> | [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Short Form Animated Program|Outstanding Short Form Animated Program]] | For "Croissant de Triomphe" | {{won}} |- | Individual Achievement Awards | For Jenny Gase-Baker in Background Painting | {{won}} |- | Individual Achievement Awards | For Joseph Holt for Art Direction | {{won}} |- | [[National Cartoonists Society Division Awards]] | Television Animation Award | Paul Rudish | {{win}} |- | rowspan="11" | 2014 | rowspan="7"| [[41st Annie Awards|Annie Awards]]<ref name=AWN41AnnieNom>{{cite web|last=Wolfe|first=Jennifer|title=41st Annie Awards Nominations Announced|url=http://www.awn.com/news/41st-annie-awards-nominations-announced-0|publisher=Animation World Network|access-date=March 29, 2014|date=December 2, 2013}}</ref> | Character Design in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Paul Rudish | {{won}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Music in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | [[Christopher Willis]] | {{won}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Editorial in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Illya Owens | {{won}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Directing in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Aaron Springer | {{nom}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Storyboarding in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Alonso Ramos-Ramirez | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="2"|Outstanding Achievement, Voice Acting in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | [[Bill Farmer]] as [[Goofy]] | {{nom}} |- | [[Chris Diamantopoulos]] as [[Mickey Mouse]] | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="4"|[[66th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards|Primetime Emmy Award]]<ref name="66emmy">{{cite web | url=http://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/Downloads/66th-nominations-list.pdf | title=66th Emmy Nomination List | access-date=July 10, 2014 | archive-date=January 9, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109205025/http://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/Downloads/66th-nominations-list.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=de Moraes|first1=Lisa|title=Creative Arts Emmy Awards winner|url=http://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/Downloads/2014-creative-arts-winners-v1.pdf|publisher=emmys.com|access-date=August 17, 2014|date=August 16, 2014}}</ref> | Outstanding Short-format Animated Program | For "'O Sole Minnie'" | {{won}} |- | [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Character Voice-Over Performance|Outstanding Character Voice-Over Performance]] | [[Chris Diamantopoulos]] as Mickey Mouse, "The Adorable Couple" | {{nom}} |- | rowspan=2 | Outstanding Individual Achievements In Animation | [[Narina Sokolova]], background designer, "O Sole Minnie" | {{won}} |- | Valerio Vaentura, background designer, "The Adorable Couple" | {{won}} |- | rowspan="11" | 2015 | rowspan="9" | [[42nd Annie Awards|Annie Awards]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Amidi|first1=Amid|title=42nd Annie Award Nominations Announced: Complete List|url=http://www.cartoonbrew.com/award-season-focus/42nd-annie-award-nominations-announced-complete-list-106417.html|publisher=Cartoon Brew|access-date=December 6, 2014|date=December 1, 2014}}</ref> | Outstanding Achievement, Character Design in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Andy Suriano | {{nominated}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Directing in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Aaron Springer | {{won}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Music in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | [[Christopher Willis]] | {{won}} |- | rowspan=2 | Outstanding Achievement, Production Design in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Joseph Holt | {{nominated}} |- | Narina Sokolova | {{won}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Storyboarding in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Heiko Drengenberg | {{nominated}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Voice Acting in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | [[Bill Farmer]] as Goofy and Grandma, "Goofy's Grandma" | {{won}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Writing in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | [[Darrick Bachman]] | {{won}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Editorial in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Illya Owens | {{won}} |- | [[Annecy International Animation Film Festival]]<ref>{{cite web|title=TV films in Competition 4|url=http://www.annecy.org/programme/index:rdv-200000301815|publisher=Annecy|access-date=October 28, 2015|archive-date=July 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714071533/http://www.annecy.org/programme/index:rdv-200000301815|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=McLean|first1=Tom|title=Disney's Annecy Delegation Talk Year of the Woman|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/events/disneys-annecy-delegation-talk-year-of-the-woman/|access-date=October 28, 2015|work=Animation Magazine|date=June 10, 2015}}</ref> | TV series | For "Eau de Minnie" |{{Nominated}} |- | [[67th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards|Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards]] | Outstanding Short-Format Animated Program | For "Mumbai Madness" | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="5" | 2016 | rowspan="5" | [[43rd Annie Awards|Annie Awards]] | rowspan="2" | Outstanding Achievement, Directing in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Dave Wasson for "Coned" | {{nom}} |- | Heiko Dregenberg for "Bottle Shocked" | {{nom}} |- | Outstanding Music in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | [[Christopher Willis]] for "¡Feliz Cumpleaños!" | {{win}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Storyboarding in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Alonso Ramirez Ramos for "¡Feliz Cumpleaños!" | {{win}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Editorial in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Illya Owens for "Coned" | {{win}} |- | rowspan= 5 | 2017 | rowspan= 3 | [[44th Annie Awards|Annie Awards]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Flores|first1=Terry|title='Zootopia' Tops Annie Awards Nominations, 'Kubo and the Two Strings' in Close Second|url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/annie-awards-nominations-2017-zootopia-kubo-and-the-two-strings-1201927492/|access-date=November 28, 2016|work=Variety|date=November 28, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=44th Annual Annie Awards Nominees|url=http://annieawards.org/nominees/|publisher=Annie Awards|access-date=November 28, 2016}}</ref> | Outstanding Achievement, Music in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | [[Christopher Willis]] for "Dancevidaniya" | {{nom}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Storyboarding in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Heiko Von Drengenberg for "Road Hogs" | {{nom}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Editorial in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Illya Owens for "Sock Burglar" | {{won}} |- |rowspan=2 | [[69th Primetime Emmy Awards]] | Outstanding Short Form Animated Program | "Split Decisions" | {{nom}} |- | Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics | "Jing-a-Ling-a-Ling"<br />Christopher Willis (music & lyrics)<br />Darrick Bachman (lyrics)<br />Paul Rudish (lyrics)<br />(Episode: "Duck the Halls: A Mickey Mouse Christmas Special") | {{nom}} |- | rowspan= 7 | 2018 | rowspan= 6 | [[45th Annie Awards|Annie Awards]] | Outstanding Achievement for Directing in an Animated Television / Broadcast Production | Dave Wasson, Eddie Trigueros, and Alonso Ramirez-Ramos for "The Scariest Story Ever: A Mickey Mouse Halloween Spooktacular!" | {{won}} |- | Outstanding Achievement for Music in an Animated Television / Broadcast Production | [[Christopher Willis]] for "The Scariest Story Ever: A Mickey Mouse Halloween Spooktacular!" | {{won}} |- | Outstanding Achievement for Storyboarding in an Animated Television / Broadcast Production | Eddie Trigueros for "Bee Inspired" | {{won}} |- | Outstanding Achievement for Production Design in an Animated Television / Broadcast Production | Jenny Gase-Baker and Justin Martin for "The Scariest Story Ever: A Mickey Mouse Halloween Spooktacular!" | {{nom}} |- | Outstanding Voice Acting in an Animated Television / Broadcast Production | [[Chris Diamantopoulos]] as Mickey Mouse, "The Scariest Story Ever: A Mickey Mouse Halloween Spooktacular!" | {{nom}} |- | Outstanding Achievement for Writing in an Animated Television / Broadcast Production | Darrick Bachman for "Locked in Love" | {{nom}} |- | [[45th Daytime Creative Arts Emmy Awards|Daytime Emmy Awards]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cdn.emmyonline.org/day_45th_nominations_with_credits_v02.pdf|website=Emmy Awards Official Site|title=THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF TELEVISION ARTS & SCIENCES ANNOUNCES NOMINATIONS FOR THE 45TH ANNUAL DAYTIME EMMY® AWARDS|date=March 21, 2018|access-date=March 21, 2018|archive-date=October 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010181434/http://cdn.emmyonline.org/day_45th_nominations_with_credits_v02.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | Outstanding Directing in an Animated Program | Alonso Ramirez-Ramos | {{nominated}} |- | rowspan="7" |2019 | rowspan="4" |[[46th Annie Awards|Annie Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://annieawards.org/|title=46th Annual Annie Awards|website=annieawards.org|language=en|access-date=2019-02-07}}</ref> |Outstanding Achievement for Directing in an Animated Television / Broadcast Production |Eddie Trigueros for "Feed the Birds" | {{won}} |- |Outstanding Achievement, Music in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production |[[Christopher Willis]] for "Springtime" | {{won}} |- |Outstanding Achievement for Production Design in an Animated Television / Broadcast Production |Justin Martin for "Amore Motore" | {{nom}} |- |Outstanding Achievement for Storyboarding in an Animated Television / Broadcast Production |Alonso Ramirez-Ramos for "Carnaval" | {{won}} |- | rowspan="3" |[[46th Daytime Emmy Awards|Daytime Emmy Awards]] |[[Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Children's Animated Program|Outstanding Children's Animated Series]] |[[Paul Rudish]] and Todd Popp | {{nom}} |- |[[Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program|Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program]] |[[Chris Diamantopoulos]] as Mickey Mouse | {{nom}} |- |Outstanding Music Direction and Composition | [[Christopher Willis]] | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="4" |2020 | rowspan="2" |[[47th Annie Awards|Annie Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2020/01/annie-awards-2020-winners-list-livestream-1202841495/|title=Annie Awards: 'Klaus' & Netflix Dominate Animation Awards – Winners List|last=Pedersen|first=Erik|date=2020-01-25|website=Deadline|language=en|access-date=2020-01-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/2020-annie-award-nominations-complete-list-1258296/item/editorial-an-animated-feature-production-2020-annie-award-nominations-1258336|title=Best Editorial — Feature -Annie Awards: 'Frozen 2,' 'Missing Link' Lead Year of Surprises and Snubs|website=The Hollywood Reporter|language=en|access-date=2020-01-26}}</ref> |Best Animated Television/Broadcast Production for Children |For "Carried Away" | {{won}} |- |Outstanding Achievement for Directing in an Animated Television / Broadcast Production |Alonso Ramirez-Ramos for "For Whom the Bell Tolls" | {{won}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[47th Daytime Emmy Awards|Daytime Emmy Awards]]<ref>{{cite web |title=WINNERS FROM THE CHILDREN'S, LIFESTYLE & ANIMATION CEREMONY – The Emmys |url=https://theemmys.tv/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/DTE-Childrens-Lifestyle-Animation-Winners.pdf |website=theemmys.tv}}</ref> |Outstanding Directing for an Animated Program |Eddie Trigueros | {{won}} |- |Outstanding Editing for an Animated Program |Tony Molina, Mark Bollinger (assistant editor) | {{won}} |} ==Theme park attraction== A Mickey Mouse-themed attraction, titled ''[[Mickey & Minnie's Runaway Railway]]'', replaced [[The Great Movie Ride]] at [[Disney's Hollywood Studios]] at [[Walt Disney World]] in [[Lake Buena Vista]], [[Florida]]. This attraction was also announced to open at the [[Mickey's Toontown]] section of [[Disneyland]] at the [[Disneyland Resort]] for a planned 2023 opening date in [[Anaheim]], [[California]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ramirez|first1=Michael|title=Mickey & Minnie's Runaway Railway to Roll into Disneyland Park|url=https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2019/04/mickey-minnies-runaway-railway-to-roll-into-disneyland-park/|website=Disney Parks Blog|language=en-us|access-date=February 23, 2020|archive-date=August 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817163420/https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2019/04/mickey-minnies-runaway-railway-to-roll-into-disneyland-park/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The attraction is the third Mickey Mouse-themed attraction at any Disney property worldwide, only behind The Mickey Mouse Revue and Mickey's Philharmagic,{{efn|The term "attraction" refers to amusement rides, whereas character meet-and-greets do not apply.}} directly based on the series and involves guests watching the premiere of a new Mickey Mouse cartoon and then entering the cartoon itself. The show's creative team, including Paul Rudish, Joseph Holt and composer Christopher Willis, collaborated with [[Walt Disney Imagineering]] to create the attraction, which opened on March 4, 2020, at Disney's Hollywood Studios.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Smith|first1=Thomas|title=First Mickey-Themed Ride-Through Attraction, Mickey and Minnie's Runaway Railway, Coming to Disney's Hollywood Studios|url=https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2017/07/first-mickey-themed-ride-through-attraction-mickey-and-minnies-runaway-railway-coming-to-disneys-hollywood-studios/|website=Disney Parks Blog|language=en-us|access-date=July 16, 2017|archive-date=July 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715225047/https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2017/07/first-mickey-themed-ride-through-attraction-mickey-and-minnies-runaway-railway-coming-to-disneys-hollywood-studios/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ==Other websites== * {{Official website|http://mickey.disney.com/mickey-cartoons}} * {{IMDb title|id=2768802}} * {{bcdb|Walt_Disney_Studios/Television/Mickey_Mouse/|Mickey Mouse}} * [http://flipanimation.blogspot.co.uk/2013/03/slipping-mickey.html Review of "Croissant de Triomphe" at FLIP animation magazine] Retrieved March 2013 {{Mickey Mouse in animation}} [[Category:2010s American animated television series]] [[Category:2013 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2019 American television series endings]] [[Category:Annie Award winners]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] jkrz1yhr1l0yoekbnz7ewustnmzhqd8 10368357 10368355 2025-07-02T22:17:22Z 2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4 10368357 wikitext text/x-wiki <!--PLEASE DO NOT ADD ANY UNTRUE OR UNSOURCED INFO TO THIS PAGE!!!--> {{Infobox television | image = Mickey Mouse (2013 TV series) logo.png | image_size = 250 | image_alt = | genre = [[Comedy]]<br />[[Slapstick]]<br>[[Animated series|Cartoon series]] | based_on = {{based on|''[[Mickey Mouse (film series)|Mickey Mouse]]''|[[Walt Disney]]<br />[[Ub Iwerks]]}} | developer = [[Paul Rudish]] | voices = {{Plainlist| * [[Chris Diamantopoulos]] * [[Russi Taylor]] * [[Tony Anselmo]] * [[Bill Farmer]] * [[Tress MacNeille]] * [[Jim Cummings]] * [[Corey Burton]] * [[April Winchell]] * [[Alan Young]] (2015–16) * [[John Kassir]] (2016–18) }} | composer = [[Christopher Willis]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Putting Mickey Mouse to Music: An Interview with Composer Chris Willis|url=http://blogs.disney.com/insider/2014/09/29/putting-mickey-mouse-to-music-an-interview-with-composer-chris-willis/|publisher=Disney Insider|access-date=September 30, 2014|date=September 29, 2014}}</ref> | country = United States<!--Please stop adding Canada. While the show may air in the US and Canada, it is PRODUCED in America.--> | language = English | num_seasons = 5 | num_episodes = 94 (+ 2 special episodes) | list_episodes = List of Mickey Mouse episodes | executive_producer = Paul Rudish | runtime = 3–4 minutes (87 episodes)<br>7 minutes (7 episodes)<br>22 minutes (2 specials)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Amidi|first1=Amid|title=Second Season of Mickey Mouse Shorts Will Debut in April|url=http://www.cartoonbrew.com/shorts/second-season-of-mickey-mouse-shorts-will-debut-in-april-97910.html|publisher=Cartoon Brew|access-date=July 2, 2015|date=March 29, 2014|quote=Most of them are under four minutes in length,...}}</ref> | company = [[Disney Television Animation]] | network = [[Disney Channel]] | first_aired = {{Start date|2013|6|28}} | last_aired = {{end date|2019|7|20}} | related = ''[[The Wonderful World of Mickey Mouse]]'' (2020–2023) }} '''''Mickey Mouse''''' is an American [[Animated series|animated]] [[comedy]] [[television series]] produced by [[Disney Television Animation]]. ==Voice cast== * [[Chris Diamantopoulos]] as [[Mickey Mouse]].<ref name=RotoShortsDebut>{{cite web|last=Taylor|first=Blake|title=Disney Shorts Debut with New Voice for Mickey Mouse|url=http://www.rotoscopers.com/2013/06/25/disney-shorts-debut-with-new-voice-for-mickey-mouse/|work=The Rotoscopers|date=June 27, 2013}}</ref><ref name=LATRussiTaylorMinnie/><!--There are absolutely no plans for Iwan to replace Diamantopoulos as the voice of the mouse.--> Instead of the current voice actor for Mickey, [[Bret Iwan]], Diamantopoulos voices [[Template:Infobox character/doc|Mickey Ball]], because the producers wanted a voice that sounded similar to the one used by [[Walt Disney]] for ''his'' portrayal of Mickey.<ref>{{Cite web|title=D23.com {{!}} Dave Smith Reveals Where the "33" in Disneyland's Exclusive and Famed Club 33 Comes From {{!}} *Walt Disney Archives — Iris, Ask Dave, Parks|url=https://d23.com/ask-dave-011514-021814/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329010635/https://d23.com/ask-dave-011514-021814/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-03-29|work=[[Wayback Machine]]|date=2014-03-29|access-date=2019-08-28}}</ref> * [[Russi Taylor]] <!-- Don't add her years just yet. She most likely recorded a lot more episodes that have yet to air after her death.-->as [[Minnie Mouse]]<ref name=RotoShortsDebut/><ref name=LATRussiTaylorMinnie>{{cite web|last=King|first=Susan|title=Russi Taylor, the voice and personality of Minnie Mouse|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-mn-ca-classic-hollywood-minnie-mouse20140622-story.html|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=June 21, 2014|access-date=September 30, 2015}}</ref> and [[Huey, Dewey, and Louie]]<!-- Don't add her years just yet. She most likely recorded a lot more episodes that have yet to air after her death.--> * [[Tony Anselmo]] as [[Donald Duck]]<ref name=RotoShortsDebut/> * [[Bill Farmer]] as [[Goofy]] and [[Pluto (Disney)|Pluto]]<ref name=RotoShortsDebut/> * [[Tress MacNeille]] as [[Daisy Duck]]<ref name=RotoShortsDebut/> and [[Chip 'n' Dale|Chip]] * [[Jim Cummings]] as [[Pete (Disney)|Pete]] * [[Corey Burton]] as [[Ludwig Von Drake]] and [[Chip 'n' Dale|Dale]] * [[April Winchell]] as [[Clarabelle Cow]] * [[Alan Young]] (2015–16) and [[John Kassir]] (2016–18) as [[Scrooge McDuck]] == Cameos == * [[Yeti]] from [[Matterhorn Bobsleds]] * [[Cinderella (Disney character)|Cinderella]] and Prince Charming from ''[[Cinderella (1950 film)|Cinderella]]'' * Casey Junior, Dumbo, Timothy Q. Mouse and the Crows from ''[[Dumbo]]'' * King Candy's name from ''[[Wreck-It Ralph]]'' * [[Horace Horsecollar]] * [[Mickey Mouse universe|Clara Cluck]] * Luxo Ball from ''[[Luxo Jr.]]'' * Lady and Tramp from ''[[Lady and the Tramp]]'' * Glut the Shark, Sebastian and [[Under the Sea|his Band]] from ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' * [[Belle (Beauty and the Beast)|Belle]], [[Beast (Beauty and the Beast)|Beast]] and Sultan from ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' * [[José Carioca|Jose Carioca]] from ''[[Saludos Amigos]]'' * Buzzie, Flaps, Dizzie and Ziggy, [[King Louie]], Flunkey and his [[Monkey]]s from ''[[The Jungle Book (1967 film)|The Jungle Book]]'' * [[Snow White (Disney character)|Snow White]] and her Dwarfs from [[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|her film]] * [[Eeyore]]'s Tail and Winnie the Pooh's [[Honey]] from ''[[Winnie the Pooh (2011 film)|Winnie the Pooh]]'' * [[Pinocchio]], [[Geppetto]] and Monstro from ''[[Pinocchio (1940 film)|Pinocchio]]'' * Teenagers from ''[[Make Mine Music]]'' * [[Beagle Boys]] * [[Mickey Mouse universe|Phantom Blot]] * Yzma from ''[[The Emperor's New Groove]]'' * [[Big Bad Wolf#Disney version|Big Bad Wolf]] * The names of [[Fantasia 2000]] and [[Timon and Pumbaa|Pumbaa]] from ''[[The Lion King]]'' * [[Thumper (Bambi)|Thumper]] and [[Bambi (character)|Bambi]] from [[Bambi|his film]] * [[Duck family (Disney)|Gus Goose]] * [[Oswald the Lucky Rabbit]] * [[List of Fantasia (franchise) characters|Chernabog]] and the [[Ostrich]]es from ''[[Fantasia (1940 film)|Fantasia]]'' * Martian Robot from ''[[Mickey Mouse Works]]'' * [[Walt Disney]] * [[Jafar (Aladdin)|Jafar]] from ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]]'' * Penguin Waiters from ''[[Mary Poppins (film)|Mary Poppins]]'' * Raja the Tiger from ''[[Goliath II]]'' * [[Humphrey the Bear]] * Destiny from ''[[Enchanted (film)|Enchanted]]'' * The [[King]] from ''[[Brave Little Tailor]]'' * Wolf Arrowmen from ''[[Robin Hood (1973 film)|Robin Hood]]'' * Young Tantor and his mother from ''[[Tarzan (1999 film)|Tarzan]]'' * A VHS copy of ''[[The Black Cauldron (film)|The Black Cauldron]]'' * Nana from [[Peter Pan (1953 film)|Peter Pan]] * Copper from ''[[The Fox and the Hound]]'' * Pongo from ''[[One Hundred and One Dalmatians]]'' * Little Brother from ''[[Mulan (1998 film)|Mulan]]'' * Tito from ''[[Oliver & Company]]'' * Three Little Wolves from [[Three Little Wolves (film)|their short film]] * Max Hare and Toby Tortoise from ''[[The Tortoise and the Hare (film)|The Tortoise and the Hare]]'' ==Broadcast== As of March 2014, a total of 100 million viewers in the United States had seen the series. It was [[Broadcasting|broadcast]] in 160 countries.<ref name=Z2ISecondSeason>{{cite press release|title=Second Season of 'Mickey Mouse' Cartoon Shorts Premieres Friday April 11 on Disney Channel|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2014/03/28/second-season-of-mickey-mouse-cartoon-shorts-premieres-friday-april-11-on-disney-channel/248892/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329073327/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2014/03/28/second-season-of-mickey-mouse-cartoon-shorts-premieres-friday-april-11-on-disney-channel/248892/|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 29, 2014|publisher=Zap2it|access-date=March 29, 2014|author=Disney Channel|date=March 28, 2014}}</ref> As of June 2014, the show, translated in 34 languages, had reached over 135 million viewers worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wolfe|first1=Jennifer|title=Disney Starts Production on New 'Pickle & Peanut' Animated Series|url=http://www.awn.com/news/disney-starts-production-new-pickle-peanut-animated-series|publisher=Animation World Network|access-date=June 24, 2014|date=June 23, 2014}}</ref> ==Home media== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- |+DVD releases ! colspan=2 rowspan=2|Title !! rowspan=2|Season(s) !! rowspan=2|Episodes !! rowspan=2|Total running time !! Release date |- ! [[DVD region code#1|Region 1]] |- ! style="background:#302a81"| | ''The Complete First Season'' || 1–2 || 19 ([[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#Season 1 (2013–14)|1–18]], [[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#ep22|22]]) || 1 hour, 15 minutes || August 26, 2014<ref>{{cite web|title=Disney's Mickey Mouse: Season One DVD|url=http://www.blu-ray.com/dvd/Disneys-Mickey-Mouse-Season-One-DVD/89356/|publisher=Blu-ray.com|access-date=August 4, 2014}}</ref> |- ! style="background:#B11030"| | ''Merry and Scary'' || 1–3 || 7 ([[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#ep10|10]], [[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#ep27|27]], [[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#ep43|43]], [[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#ep54|54]], [[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#ep56|56]], [[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#Specials (2016–17)|58, 67]]) || 1 hour, 47 minutes || August 29, 2017<ref>{{cite web|title=Laugh your way to the holidays with Disney's new "Mickey Mouse: Merry & Scary" on DVD|url=http://www.insidethemagic.net/2017/06/laugh-way-holidays-disneys-new-mickey-mouse-merry-scary-dvd/|publisher=Insidethemagic.com|access-date=June 10, 2017}}</ref> |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |- |+Digital purchase ! colspan=3|Season ! Episodes ! Release number ! Episode count |- ! rowspan=2 style="background:#302a81| || rowspan=2|[[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#Season 1 (2013–14)|1]] | rowspan=2|2013–14 || rowspan=2|18 || 1<ref>{{cite web |title=Disney Mickey Mouse, Vol. 1 |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/disney-mickey-mouse-vol-1/id659497774 |website=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref> || 9 |- | rowspan=2|2<ref>{{cite web |title=Disney Mickey Mouse, Vol. 2 |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/disney-mickey-mouse-vol-2/id706257409 |website=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref> || rowspan=2|10 |- ! rowspan=3 style="background:#7b2a81| || rowspan=3|[[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#Season 2 (2014–15)|2]] | rowspan=3|2014–15 || rowspan=3|19 |- | 3<ref>{{cite web |title=Disney Mickey Mouse, Vol. 3 |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/disney-mickey-mouse-vol-3/id852560143 |website=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref> || 10 |- | rowspan=2|4<ref>{{cite web |title=Disney Mickey Mouse, Vol. 4 |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/disney-mickey-mouse-vol-4/id940662202 |website=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref> || rowspan=2|10 |- ! rowspan=3 style="background:#141414| || rowspan=3|[[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#Season 3 (2015–16)|3]] | rowspan=3|2015–16 || rowspan=3|20 |- | 5<ref>{{cite web |title=Disney Mickey Mouse, Vol. 5 |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/disney-mickey-mouse-vol-5/id1024844763 |website=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref> || 9 |- | 6<ref>{{cite web |title=Disney Mickey Mouse, Vol. 6 |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/disney-mickey-mouse-vol-6/id1075977720 |website=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref> || 9 |- ! rowspan=2 style="background:#3EAC07| || rowspan=2|[[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#Season 4 (2017–18)|4]] | rowspan=2|2017–18 || rowspan=2|19 || 7<ref>{{cite web |title=Disney Mickey Mouse, Vol. 7 |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/disney-mickey-mouse-vol-7/id1238942250 |website=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref> || 10 |- | 8<ref>{{cite web |title=Disney Mickey Mouse, Vol. 8 |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/disney-mickey-mouse-vol-8/id1326294434 |website=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref> || 9 |- ! rowspan=2 style="background:#fffa00| || rowspan=2|[[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#Season 5 (2018–19)|5]] | rowspan=2|2018–19 || rowspan=2|18 || 9<ref>{{cite web |title=Disney Mickey Mouse, Vol. 9 |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/disney-mickey-mouse-vol-9/id1436996117 |website=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref> || 9 |- | 10<ref>{{cite web |title=Disney Mickey Mouse, Vol. 10 |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/disney-mickey-mouse-vol-10/id1454856411 |website=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref> || 9 |} ==Awards and nominations== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Award ! Category ! Nominee ! Result |- | rowspan="4"| 2013 | rowspan="3"| [[65th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards|Primetime Emmy Award]]<ref name="65emmy">{{cite web|url=http://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/2013-noms-Press-Release-rev8.pdf|title=2013 primetime emmy award nominations|publisher=National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences|access-date=July 18, 2013}}</ref><ref name="65th emmys">{{cite web|url=http://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/2013CreativeArtsEmmysWinners.pdf|title=2013 Creative Arts Emmys Winners|publisher=National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences|access-date=September 15, 2013}}</ref> | [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Short Form Animated Program|Outstanding Short Form Animated Program]] | For "Croissant de Triomphe" | {{won}} |- | Individual Achievement Awards | For Jenny Gase-Baker in Background Painting | {{won}} |- | Individual Achievement Awards | For Joseph Holt for Art Direction | {{won}} |- | [[National Cartoonists Society Division Awards]] | Television Animation Award | Paul Rudish | {{win}} |- | rowspan="11" | 2014 | rowspan="7"| [[41st Annie Awards|Annie Awards]]<ref name=AWN41AnnieNom>{{cite web|last=Wolfe|first=Jennifer|title=41st Annie Awards Nominations Announced|url=http://www.awn.com/news/41st-annie-awards-nominations-announced-0|publisher=Animation World Network|access-date=March 29, 2014|date=December 2, 2013}}</ref> | Character Design in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Paul Rudish | {{won}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Music in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | [[Christopher Willis]] | {{won}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Editorial in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Illya Owens | {{won}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Directing in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Aaron Springer | {{nom}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Storyboarding in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Alonso Ramos-Ramirez | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="2"|Outstanding Achievement, Voice Acting in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | [[Bill Farmer]] as [[Goofy]] | {{nom}} |- | [[Chris Diamantopoulos]] as [[Mickey Mouse]] | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="4"|[[66th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards|Primetime Emmy Award]]<ref name="66emmy">{{cite web | url=http://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/Downloads/66th-nominations-list.pdf | title=66th Emmy Nomination List | access-date=July 10, 2014 | archive-date=January 9, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109205025/http://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/Downloads/66th-nominations-list.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=de Moraes|first1=Lisa|title=Creative Arts Emmy Awards winner|url=http://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/Downloads/2014-creative-arts-winners-v1.pdf|publisher=emmys.com|access-date=August 17, 2014|date=August 16, 2014}}</ref> | Outstanding Short-format Animated Program | For "'O Sole Minnie'" | {{won}} |- | [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Character Voice-Over Performance|Outstanding Character Voice-Over Performance]] | [[Chris Diamantopoulos]] as Mickey Mouse, "The Adorable Couple" | {{nom}} |- | rowspan=2 | Outstanding Individual Achievements In Animation | [[Narina Sokolova]], background designer, "O Sole Minnie" | {{won}} |- | Valerio Vaentura, background designer, "The Adorable Couple" | {{won}} |- | rowspan="11" | 2015 | rowspan="9" | [[42nd Annie Awards|Annie Awards]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Amidi|first1=Amid|title=42nd Annie Award Nominations Announced: Complete List|url=http://www.cartoonbrew.com/award-season-focus/42nd-annie-award-nominations-announced-complete-list-106417.html|publisher=Cartoon Brew|access-date=December 6, 2014|date=December 1, 2014}}</ref> | Outstanding Achievement, Character Design in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Andy Suriano | {{nominated}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Directing in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Aaron Springer | {{won}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Music in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | [[Christopher Willis]] | {{won}} |- | rowspan=2 | Outstanding Achievement, Production Design in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Joseph Holt | {{nominated}} |- | Narina Sokolova | {{won}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Storyboarding in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Heiko Drengenberg | {{nominated}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Voice Acting in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | [[Bill Farmer]] as Goofy and Grandma, "Goofy's Grandma" | {{won}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Writing in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | [[Darrick Bachman]] | {{won}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Editorial in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Illya Owens | {{won}} |- | [[Annecy International Animation Film Festival]]<ref>{{cite web|title=TV films in Competition 4|url=http://www.annecy.org/programme/index:rdv-200000301815|publisher=Annecy|access-date=October 28, 2015|archive-date=July 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714071533/http://www.annecy.org/programme/index:rdv-200000301815|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=McLean|first1=Tom|title=Disney's Annecy Delegation Talk Year of the Woman|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/events/disneys-annecy-delegation-talk-year-of-the-woman/|access-date=October 28, 2015|work=Animation Magazine|date=June 10, 2015}}</ref> | TV series | For "Eau de Minnie" |{{Nominated}} |- | [[67th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards|Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards]] | Outstanding Short-Format Animated Program | For "Mumbai Madness" | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="5" | 2016 | rowspan="5" | [[43rd Annie Awards|Annie Awards]] | rowspan="2" | Outstanding Achievement, Directing in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Dave Wasson for "Coned" | {{nom}} |- | Heiko Dregenberg for "Bottle Shocked" | {{nom}} |- | Outstanding Music in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | [[Christopher Willis]] for "¡Feliz Cumpleaños!" | {{win}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Storyboarding in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Alonso Ramirez Ramos for "¡Feliz Cumpleaños!" | {{win}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Editorial in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Illya Owens for "Coned" | {{win}} |- | rowspan= 5 | 2017 | rowspan= 3 | [[44th Annie Awards|Annie Awards]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Flores|first1=Terry|title='Zootopia' Tops Annie Awards Nominations, 'Kubo and the Two Strings' in Close Second|url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/annie-awards-nominations-2017-zootopia-kubo-and-the-two-strings-1201927492/|access-date=November 28, 2016|work=Variety|date=November 28, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=44th Annual Annie Awards Nominees|url=http://annieawards.org/nominees/|publisher=Annie Awards|access-date=November 28, 2016}}</ref> | Outstanding Achievement, Music in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | [[Christopher Willis]] for "Dancevidaniya" | {{nom}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Storyboarding in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Heiko Von Drengenberg for "Road Hogs" | {{nom}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Editorial in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Illya Owens for "Sock Burglar" | {{won}} |- |rowspan=2 | [[69th Primetime Emmy Awards]] | Outstanding Short Form Animated Program | "Split Decisions" | {{nom}} |- | Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics | "Jing-a-Ling-a-Ling"<br />Christopher Willis (music & lyrics)<br />Darrick Bachman (lyrics)<br />Paul Rudish (lyrics)<br />(Episode: "Duck the Halls: A Mickey Mouse Christmas Special") | {{nom}} |- | rowspan= 7 | 2018 | rowspan= 6 | [[45th Annie Awards|Annie Awards]] | Outstanding Achievement for Directing in an Animated Television / Broadcast Production | Dave Wasson, Eddie Trigueros, and Alonso Ramirez-Ramos for "The Scariest Story Ever: A Mickey Mouse Halloween Spooktacular!" | {{won}} |- | Outstanding Achievement for Music in an Animated Television / Broadcast Production | [[Christopher Willis]] for "The Scariest Story Ever: A Mickey Mouse Halloween Spooktacular!" | {{won}} |- | Outstanding Achievement for Storyboarding in an Animated Television / Broadcast Production | Eddie Trigueros for "Bee Inspired" | {{won}} |- | Outstanding Achievement for Production Design in an Animated Television / Broadcast Production | Jenny Gase-Baker and Justin Martin for "The Scariest Story Ever: A Mickey Mouse Halloween Spooktacular!" | {{nom}} |- | Outstanding Voice Acting in an Animated Television / Broadcast Production | [[Chris Diamantopoulos]] as Mickey Mouse, "The Scariest Story Ever: A Mickey Mouse Halloween Spooktacular!" | {{nom}} |- | Outstanding Achievement for Writing in an Animated Television / Broadcast Production | Darrick Bachman for "Locked in Love" | {{nom}} |- | [[45th Daytime Creative Arts Emmy Awards|Daytime Emmy Awards]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cdn.emmyonline.org/day_45th_nominations_with_credits_v02.pdf|website=Emmy Awards Official Site|title=THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF TELEVISION ARTS & SCIENCES ANNOUNCES NOMINATIONS FOR THE 45TH ANNUAL DAYTIME EMMY® AWARDS|date=March 21, 2018|access-date=March 21, 2018|archive-date=October 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010181434/http://cdn.emmyonline.org/day_45th_nominations_with_credits_v02.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | Outstanding Directing in an Animated Program | Alonso Ramirez-Ramos | {{nominated}} |- | rowspan="7" |2019 | rowspan="4" |[[46th Annie Awards|Annie Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://annieawards.org/|title=46th Annual Annie Awards|website=annieawards.org|language=en|access-date=2019-02-07}}</ref> |Outstanding Achievement for Directing in an Animated Television / Broadcast Production |Eddie Trigueros for "Feed the Birds" | {{won}} |- |Outstanding Achievement, Music in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production |[[Christopher Willis]] for "Springtime" | {{won}} |- |Outstanding Achievement for Production Design in an Animated Television / Broadcast Production |Justin Martin for "Amore Motore" | {{nom}} |- |Outstanding Achievement for Storyboarding in an Animated Television / Broadcast Production |Alonso Ramirez-Ramos for "Carnaval" | {{won}} |- | rowspan="3" |[[46th Daytime Emmy Awards|Daytime Emmy Awards]] |[[Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Children's Animated Program|Outstanding Children's Animated Series]] |[[Paul Rudish]] and Todd Popp | {{nom}} |- |[[Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program|Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program]] |[[Chris Diamantopoulos]] as Mickey Mouse | {{nom}} |- |Outstanding Music Direction and Composition | [[Christopher Willis]] | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="4" |2020 | rowspan="2" |[[47th Annie Awards|Annie Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2020/01/annie-awards-2020-winners-list-livestream-1202841495/|title=Annie Awards: 'Klaus' & Netflix Dominate Animation Awards – Winners List|last=Pedersen|first=Erik|date=2020-01-25|website=Deadline|language=en|access-date=2020-01-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/2020-annie-award-nominations-complete-list-1258296/item/editorial-an-animated-feature-production-2020-annie-award-nominations-1258336|title=Best Editorial — Feature -Annie Awards: 'Frozen 2,' 'Missing Link' Lead Year of Surprises and Snubs|website=The Hollywood Reporter|language=en|access-date=2020-01-26}}</ref> |Best Animated Television/Broadcast Production for Children |For "Carried Away" | {{won}} |- |Outstanding Achievement for Directing in an Animated Television / Broadcast Production |Alonso Ramirez-Ramos for "For Whom the Bell Tolls" | {{won}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[47th Daytime Emmy Awards|Daytime Emmy Awards]]<ref>{{cite web |title=WINNERS FROM THE CHILDREN'S, LIFESTYLE & ANIMATION CEREMONY – The Emmys |url=https://theemmys.tv/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/DTE-Childrens-Lifestyle-Animation-Winners.pdf |website=theemmys.tv}}</ref> |Outstanding Directing for an Animated Program |Eddie Trigueros | {{won}} |- |Outstanding Editing for an Animated Program |Tony Molina, Mark Bollinger (assistant editor) | {{won}} |} ==Theme park attraction== A Mickey Mouse-themed attraction, titled ''[[Mickey & Minnie's Runaway Railway]]'', replaced [[The Great Movie Ride]] at [[Disney's Hollywood Studios]] at [[Walt Disney World]] in [[Lake Buena Vista]], [[Florida]]. This attraction was also announced to open at the [[Mickey's Toontown]] section of [[Disneyland]] at the [[Disneyland Resort]] for a planned 2023 opening date in [[Anaheim]], [[California]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ramirez|first1=Michael|title=Mickey & Minnie's Runaway Railway to Roll into Disneyland Park|url=https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2019/04/mickey-minnies-runaway-railway-to-roll-into-disneyland-park/|website=Disney Parks Blog|language=en-us|access-date=February 23, 2020|archive-date=August 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817163420/https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2019/04/mickey-minnies-runaway-railway-to-roll-into-disneyland-park/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The attraction is the third Mickey Mouse-themed attraction at any Disney property worldwide, only behind The Mickey Mouse Revue and Mickey's Philharmagic,{{efn|The term "attraction" refers to amusement rides, whereas character meet-and-greets do not apply.}} directly based on the series and involves guests watching the premiere of a new Mickey Mouse cartoon and then entering the cartoon itself. The show's creative team, including Paul Rudish, Joseph Holt and composer Christopher Willis, collaborated with [[Walt Disney Imagineering]] to create the attraction, which opened on March 4, 2020, at Disney's Hollywood Studios.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Smith|first1=Thomas|title=First Mickey-Themed Ride-Through Attraction, Mickey and Minnie's Runaway Railway, Coming to Disney's Hollywood Studios|url=https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2017/07/first-mickey-themed-ride-through-attraction-mickey-and-minnies-runaway-railway-coming-to-disneys-hollywood-studios/|website=Disney Parks Blog|language=en-us|access-date=July 16, 2017|archive-date=July 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715225047/https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2017/07/first-mickey-themed-ride-through-attraction-mickey-and-minnies-runaway-railway-coming-to-disneys-hollywood-studios/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ==Other websites== * {{Official website|http://mickey.disney.com/mickey-cartoons}} * {{IMDb title|id=2768802}} * {{bcdb|Walt_Disney_Studios/Television/Mickey_Mouse/|Mickey Mouse}} * [http://flipanimation.blogspot.co.uk/2013/03/slipping-mickey.html Review of "Croissant de Triomphe" at FLIP animation magazine] Retrieved March 2013 {{Mickey Mouse in animation}} [[Category:2010s American animated television series]] [[Category:2013 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2019 American television series endings]] [[Category:Annie Award winners]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] bz1fgxhv0o3g1jw571i48tp30ls4bnn 10368676 10368357 2025-07-03T01:58:48Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 Reverted 2 edits by [[Special:Contributions/2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4|2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4]] ([[User talk:2001:268:7388:50B9:60E5:7657:2AC6:95D4|talk]]) identified as [[WP:VAND|vandalism]] to last revision by 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:5DD0:A4AE:155C:9E3A. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368676 wikitext text/x-wiki <!--PLEASE DO NOT ADD ANY UNTRUE OR UNSOURCED INFO TO THIS PAGE!!!--> {{Infobox television | image = Mickey Mouse (2013 TV series) logo.png | image_size = 250 | image_alt = | genre = [[Comedy]]<br />[[Slapstick]]<br>[[Animated series|Cartoon series]] | based_on = {{based on|''[[Mickey Mouse (film series)|Mickey Mouse]]''|[[Walt Disney]]<br />[[Ub Iwerks]]}} | developer = [[Paul Rudish]] | voices = {{Plainlist| * [[Chris Diamantopoulos]] * [[Russi Taylor]] * [[Tony Anselmo]] * [[Bill Farmer]] * [[Tress MacNeille]] * [[Jim Cummings]] * [[Corey Burton]] * [[April Winchell]] * [[Alan Young]] (2015–16) * [[John Kassir]] (2016–18) }} | composer = [[Christopher Willis]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Putting Mickey Mouse to Music: An Interview with Composer Chris Willis|url=http://blogs.disney.com/insider/2014/09/29/putting-mickey-mouse-to-music-an-interview-with-composer-chris-willis/|publisher=Disney Insider|access-date=September 30, 2014|date=September 29, 2014}}</ref> | country = United States<!--Please stop adding Canada. While the show may air in the US and Canada, it is PRODUCED in America.--> | language = English | num_seasons = 5 | num_episodes = 94 (+ 2 special episodes) | list_episodes = List of Mickey Mouse episodes | executive_producer = Paul Rudish | runtime = 3–4 minutes (87 episodes)<br>7 minutes (7 episodes)<br>22 minutes (2 specials)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Amidi|first1=Amid|title=Second Season of Mickey Mouse Shorts Will Debut in April|url=http://www.cartoonbrew.com/shorts/second-season-of-mickey-mouse-shorts-will-debut-in-april-97910.html|publisher=Cartoon Brew|access-date=July 2, 2015|date=March 29, 2014|quote=Most of them are under four minutes in length,...}}</ref> | company = [[Disney Television Animation]] | network = [[Disney Channel]] | first_aired = {{Start date|2013|6|28}} | last_aired = {{end date|2019|7|20}} | related = ''[[The Wonderful World of Mickey Mouse]]'' (2020–2023) }} '''''Mickey Mouse''''' is an American [[Animated series|animated]] [[comedy]] [[television series]] produced by [[Disney Television Animation]]. ==Voice cast== * [[Chris Diamantopoulos]] as [[Mickey Mouse]].<ref name=RotoShortsDebut>{{cite web|last=Taylor|first=Blake|title=Disney Shorts Debut with New Voice for Mickey Mouse|url=http://www.rotoscopers.com/2013/06/25/disney-shorts-debut-with-new-voice-for-mickey-mouse/|work=The Rotoscopers|date=June 27, 2013}}</ref><ref name=LATRussiTaylorMinnie/><!--There are absolutely no plans for Iwan to replace Diamantopoulos as the voice of the mouse.--> Instead of the current voice actor for Mickey, [[Bret Iwan]], Diamantopoulos voices Mickey, because the producers wanted a voice that sounded similar to the one used by [[Walt Disney]] for ''his'' portrayal of Mickey.<ref>{{Cite web|title=D23.com {{!}} Dave Smith Reveals Where the "33" in Disneyland's Exclusive and Famed Club 33 Comes From {{!}} *Walt Disney Archives — Iris, Ask Dave, Parks|url=https://d23.com/ask-dave-011514-021814/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329010635/https://d23.com/ask-dave-011514-021814/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-03-29|work=[[Wayback Machine]]|date=2014-03-29|access-date=2019-08-28}}</ref> * [[Russi Taylor]] <!-- Don't add her years just yet. She most likely recorded a lot more episodes that have yet to air after her death.-->as [[Minnie Mouse]]<ref name=RotoShortsDebut/><ref name=LATRussiTaylorMinnie>{{cite web|last=King|first=Susan|title=Russi Taylor, the voice and personality of Minnie Mouse|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-mn-ca-classic-hollywood-minnie-mouse20140622-story.html|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=June 21, 2014|access-date=September 30, 2015}}</ref> and [[Huey, Dewey, and Louie]]<!-- Don't add her years just yet. She most likely recorded a lot more episodes that have yet to air after her death.--> * [[Tony Anselmo]] as [[Donald Duck]]<ref name=RotoShortsDebut/> * [[Bill Farmer]] as [[Goofy]] and [[Pluto (Disney)|Pluto]]<ref name=RotoShortsDebut/> * [[Tress MacNeille]] as [[Daisy Duck]]<ref name=RotoShortsDebut/> and [[Chip 'n' Dale|Chip]] * [[Jim Cummings]] as [[Pete (Disney)|Pete]] * [[Corey Burton]] as [[Ludwig Von Drake]] and [[Chip 'n' Dale|Dale]] * [[April Winchell]] as [[Clarabelle Cow]] * [[Alan Young]] (2015–16) and [[John Kassir]] (2016–18) as [[Scrooge McDuck]] == Cameos == * [[Yeti]] from [[Matterhorn Bobsleds]] * [[Cinderella (Disney character)|Cinderella]] and Prince Charming from ''[[Cinderella (1950 film)|Cinderella]]'' * Casey Junior, Dumbo, Timothy Q. Mouse and the Crows from ''[[Dumbo]]'' * King Candy's name from ''[[Wreck-It Ralph]]'' * [[Horace Horsecollar]] * [[Mickey Mouse universe|Clara Cluck]] * Luxo Ball from ''[[Luxo Jr.]]'' * Lady and Tramp from ''[[Lady and the Tramp]]'' * Glut the Shark, Sebastian and [[Under the Sea|his Band]] from ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' * [[Belle (Beauty and the Beast)|Belle]], [[Beast (Beauty and the Beast)|Beast]] and Sultan from ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' * [[José Carioca|Jose Carioca]] from ''[[Saludos Amigos]]'' * Buzzie, Flaps, Dizzie and Ziggy, [[King Louie]], Flunkey and his [[Monkey]]s from ''[[The Jungle Book (1967 film)|The Jungle Book]]'' * [[Snow White (Disney character)|Snow White]] and her Dwarfs from [[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|her film]] * [[Eeyore]]'s Tail and Winnie the Pooh's [[Honey]] from ''[[Winnie the Pooh (2011 film)|Winnie the Pooh]]'' * [[Pinocchio]], [[Geppetto]] and Monstro from ''[[Pinocchio (1940 film)|Pinocchio]]'' * Teenagers from ''[[Make Mine Music]]'' * [[Beagle Boys]] * [[Mickey Mouse universe|Phantom Blot]] * Yzma from ''[[The Emperor's New Groove]]'' * [[Big Bad Wolf#Disney version|Big Bad Wolf]] * The names of [[Fantasia 2000]] and [[Timon and Pumbaa|Pumbaa]] from ''[[The Lion King]]'' * [[Thumper (Bambi)|Thumper]] and [[Bambi (character)|Bambi]] from [[Bambi|his film]] * [[Duck family (Disney)|Gus Goose]] * [[Oswald the Lucky Rabbit]] * [[List of Fantasia (franchise) characters|Chernabog]] and the [[Ostrich]]es from ''[[Fantasia (1940 film)|Fantasia]]'' * Martian Robot from ''[[Mickey Mouse Works]]'' * [[Walt Disney]] * [[Jafar (Aladdin)|Jafar]] from ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]]'' * Penguin Waiters from ''[[Mary Poppins (film)|Mary Poppins]]'' * Raja the Tiger from ''[[Goliath II]]'' * [[Humphrey the Bear]] * Destiny from ''[[Enchanted (film)|Enchanted]]'' * The [[King]] from ''[[Brave Little Tailor]]'' * Wolf Arrowmen from ''[[Robin Hood (1973 film)|Robin Hood]]'' * Young Tantor and his mother from ''[[Tarzan (1999 film)|Tarzan]]'' * A VHS copy of ''[[The Black Cauldron (film)|The Black Cauldron]]'' * Nana from [[Peter Pan (1953 film)|Peter Pan]] * Copper from ''[[The Fox and the Hound]]'' * Pongo from ''[[One Hundred and One Dalmatians]]'' * Little Brother from ''[[Mulan (1998 film)|Mulan]]'' * Tito from ''[[Oliver & Company]]'' * Three Little Wolves from [[Three Little Wolves (film)|their short film]] * Max Hare and Toby Tortoise from ''[[The Tortoise and the Hare (film)|The Tortoise and the Hare]]'' ==Broadcast== As of March 2014, a total of 100 million viewers in the United States had seen the series. It was [[Broadcasting|broadcast]] in 160 countries.<ref name=Z2ISecondSeason>{{cite press release|title=Second Season of 'Mickey Mouse' Cartoon Shorts Premieres Friday April 11 on Disney Channel|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2014/03/28/second-season-of-mickey-mouse-cartoon-shorts-premieres-friday-april-11-on-disney-channel/248892/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329073327/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2014/03/28/second-season-of-mickey-mouse-cartoon-shorts-premieres-friday-april-11-on-disney-channel/248892/|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 29, 2014|publisher=Zap2it|access-date=March 29, 2014|author=Disney Channel|date=March 28, 2014}}</ref> As of June 2014, the show, translated in 34 languages, had reached over 135 million viewers worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wolfe|first1=Jennifer|title=Disney Starts Production on New 'Pickle & Peanut' Animated Series|url=http://www.awn.com/news/disney-starts-production-new-pickle-peanut-animated-series|publisher=Animation World Network|access-date=June 24, 2014|date=June 23, 2014}}</ref> ==Home media== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- |+DVD releases ! colspan=2 rowspan=2|Title !! rowspan=2|Season(s) !! rowspan=2|Episodes !! rowspan=2|Total running time !! Release date |- ! [[DVD region code#1|Region 1]] |- ! style="background:#302a81"| | ''The Complete First Season'' || 1–2 || 19 ([[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#Season 1 (2013–14)|1–18]], [[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#ep22|22]]) || 1 hour, 15 minutes || August 26, 2014<ref>{{cite web|title=Disney's Mickey Mouse: Season One DVD|url=http://www.blu-ray.com/dvd/Disneys-Mickey-Mouse-Season-One-DVD/89356/|publisher=Blu-ray.com|access-date=August 4, 2014}}</ref> |- ! style="background:#B11030"| | ''Merry and Scary'' || 1–3 || 7 ([[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#ep10|10]], [[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#ep27|27]], [[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#ep43|43]], [[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#ep54|54]], [[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#ep56|56]], [[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#Specials (2016–17)|58, 67]]) || 1 hour, 47 minutes || August 29, 2017<ref>{{cite web|title=Laugh your way to the holidays with Disney's new "Mickey Mouse: Merry & Scary" on DVD|url=http://www.insidethemagic.net/2017/06/laugh-way-holidays-disneys-new-mickey-mouse-merry-scary-dvd/|publisher=Insidethemagic.com|access-date=June 10, 2017}}</ref> |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |- |+Digital purchase ! colspan=3|Season ! Episodes ! Release number ! Episode count |- ! rowspan=2 style="background:#302a81| || rowspan=2|[[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#Season 1 (2013–14)|1]] | rowspan=2|2013–14 || rowspan=2|18 || 1<ref>{{cite web |title=Disney Mickey Mouse, Vol. 1 |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/disney-mickey-mouse-vol-1/id659497774 |website=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref> || 9 |- | rowspan=2|2<ref>{{cite web |title=Disney Mickey Mouse, Vol. 2 |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/disney-mickey-mouse-vol-2/id706257409 |website=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref> || rowspan=2|10 |- ! rowspan=3 style="background:#7b2a81| || rowspan=3|[[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#Season 2 (2014–15)|2]] | rowspan=3|2014–15 || rowspan=3|19 |- | 3<ref>{{cite web |title=Disney Mickey Mouse, Vol. 3 |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/disney-mickey-mouse-vol-3/id852560143 |website=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref> || 10 |- | rowspan=2|4<ref>{{cite web |title=Disney Mickey Mouse, Vol. 4 |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/disney-mickey-mouse-vol-4/id940662202 |website=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref> || rowspan=2|10 |- ! rowspan=3 style="background:#141414| || rowspan=3|[[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#Season 3 (2015–16)|3]] | rowspan=3|2015–16 || rowspan=3|20 |- | 5<ref>{{cite web |title=Disney Mickey Mouse, Vol. 5 |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/disney-mickey-mouse-vol-5/id1024844763 |website=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref> || 9 |- | 6<ref>{{cite web |title=Disney Mickey Mouse, Vol. 6 |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/disney-mickey-mouse-vol-6/id1075977720 |website=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref> || 9 |- ! rowspan=2 style="background:#3EAC07| || rowspan=2|[[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#Season 4 (2017–18)|4]] | rowspan=2|2017–18 || rowspan=2|19 || 7<ref>{{cite web |title=Disney Mickey Mouse, Vol. 7 |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/disney-mickey-mouse-vol-7/id1238942250 |website=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref> || 10 |- | 8<ref>{{cite web |title=Disney Mickey Mouse, Vol. 8 |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/disney-mickey-mouse-vol-8/id1326294434 |website=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref> || 9 |- ! rowspan=2 style="background:#fffa00| || rowspan=2|[[List of Mickey Mouse episodes#Season 5 (2018–19)|5]] | rowspan=2|2018–19 || rowspan=2|18 || 9<ref>{{cite web |title=Disney Mickey Mouse, Vol. 9 |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/disney-mickey-mouse-vol-9/id1436996117 |website=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref> || 9 |- | 10<ref>{{cite web |title=Disney Mickey Mouse, Vol. 10 |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/disney-mickey-mouse-vol-10/id1454856411 |website=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref> || 9 |} ==Awards and nominations== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Award ! Category ! Nominee ! Result |- | rowspan="4"| 2013 | rowspan="3"| [[65th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards|Primetime Emmy Award]]<ref name="65emmy">{{cite web|url=http://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/2013-noms-Press-Release-rev8.pdf|title=2013 primetime emmy award nominations|publisher=National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences|access-date=July 18, 2013}}</ref><ref name="65th emmys">{{cite web|url=http://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/2013CreativeArtsEmmysWinners.pdf|title=2013 Creative Arts Emmys Winners|publisher=National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences|access-date=September 15, 2013}}</ref> | [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Short Form Animated Program|Outstanding Short Form Animated Program]] | For "Croissant de Triomphe" | {{won}} |- | Individual Achievement Awards | For Jenny Gase-Baker in Background Painting | {{won}} |- | Individual Achievement Awards | For Joseph Holt for Art Direction | {{won}} |- | [[National Cartoonists Society Division Awards]] | Television Animation Award | Paul Rudish | {{win}} |- | rowspan="11" | 2014 | rowspan="7"| [[41st Annie Awards|Annie Awards]]<ref name=AWN41AnnieNom>{{cite web|last=Wolfe|first=Jennifer|title=41st Annie Awards Nominations Announced|url=http://www.awn.com/news/41st-annie-awards-nominations-announced-0|publisher=Animation World Network|access-date=March 29, 2014|date=December 2, 2013}}</ref> | Character Design in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Paul Rudish | {{won}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Music in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | [[Christopher Willis]] | {{won}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Editorial in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Illya Owens | {{won}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Directing in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Aaron Springer | {{nom}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Storyboarding in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Alonso Ramos-Ramirez | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="2"|Outstanding Achievement, Voice Acting in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | [[Bill Farmer]] as [[Goofy]] | {{nom}} |- | [[Chris Diamantopoulos]] as [[Mickey Mouse]] | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="4"|[[66th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards|Primetime Emmy Award]]<ref name="66emmy">{{cite web | url=http://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/Downloads/66th-nominations-list.pdf | title=66th Emmy Nomination List | access-date=July 10, 2014 | archive-date=January 9, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109205025/http://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/Downloads/66th-nominations-list.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=de Moraes|first1=Lisa|title=Creative Arts Emmy Awards winner|url=http://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/Downloads/2014-creative-arts-winners-v1.pdf|publisher=emmys.com|access-date=August 17, 2014|date=August 16, 2014}}</ref> | Outstanding Short-format Animated Program | For "'O Sole Minnie'" | {{won}} |- | [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Character Voice-Over Performance|Outstanding Character Voice-Over Performance]] | [[Chris Diamantopoulos]] as Mickey Mouse, "The Adorable Couple" | {{nom}} |- | rowspan=2 | Outstanding Individual Achievements In Animation | [[Narina Sokolova]], background designer, "O Sole Minnie" | {{won}} |- | Valerio Vaentura, background designer, "The Adorable Couple" | {{won}} |- | rowspan="11" | 2015 | rowspan="9" | [[42nd Annie Awards|Annie Awards]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Amidi|first1=Amid|title=42nd Annie Award Nominations Announced: Complete List|url=http://www.cartoonbrew.com/award-season-focus/42nd-annie-award-nominations-announced-complete-list-106417.html|publisher=Cartoon Brew|access-date=December 6, 2014|date=December 1, 2014}}</ref> | Outstanding Achievement, Character Design in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Andy Suriano | {{nominated}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Directing in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Aaron Springer | {{won}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Music in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | [[Christopher Willis]] | {{won}} |- | rowspan=2 | Outstanding Achievement, Production Design in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Joseph Holt | {{nominated}} |- | Narina Sokolova | {{won}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Storyboarding in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Heiko Drengenberg | {{nominated}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Voice Acting in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | [[Bill Farmer]] as Goofy and Grandma, "Goofy's Grandma" | {{won}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Writing in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | [[Darrick Bachman]] | {{won}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Editorial in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Illya Owens | {{won}} |- | [[Annecy International Animation Film Festival]]<ref>{{cite web|title=TV films in Competition 4|url=http://www.annecy.org/programme/index:rdv-200000301815|publisher=Annecy|access-date=October 28, 2015|archive-date=July 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714071533/http://www.annecy.org/programme/index:rdv-200000301815|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=McLean|first1=Tom|title=Disney's Annecy Delegation Talk Year of the Woman|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/events/disneys-annecy-delegation-talk-year-of-the-woman/|access-date=October 28, 2015|work=Animation Magazine|date=June 10, 2015}}</ref> | TV series | For "Eau de Minnie" |{{Nominated}} |- | [[67th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards|Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards]] | Outstanding Short-Format Animated Program | For "Mumbai Madness" | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="5" | 2016 | rowspan="5" | [[43rd Annie Awards|Annie Awards]] | rowspan="2" | Outstanding Achievement, Directing in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Dave Wasson for "Coned" | {{nom}} |- | Heiko Dregenberg for "Bottle Shocked" | {{nom}} |- | Outstanding Music in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | [[Christopher Willis]] for "¡Feliz Cumpleaños!" | {{win}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Storyboarding in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Alonso Ramirez Ramos for "¡Feliz Cumpleaños!" | {{win}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Editorial in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Illya Owens for "Coned" | {{win}} |- | rowspan= 5 | 2017 | rowspan= 3 | [[44th Annie Awards|Annie Awards]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Flores|first1=Terry|title='Zootopia' Tops Annie Awards Nominations, 'Kubo and the Two Strings' in Close Second|url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/annie-awards-nominations-2017-zootopia-kubo-and-the-two-strings-1201927492/|access-date=November 28, 2016|work=Variety|date=November 28, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=44th Annual Annie Awards Nominees|url=http://annieawards.org/nominees/|publisher=Annie Awards|access-date=November 28, 2016}}</ref> | Outstanding Achievement, Music in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | [[Christopher Willis]] for "Dancevidaniya" | {{nom}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Storyboarding in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Heiko Von Drengenberg for "Road Hogs" | {{nom}} |- | Outstanding Achievement, Editorial in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production | Illya Owens for "Sock Burglar" | {{won}} |- |rowspan=2 | [[69th Primetime Emmy Awards]] | Outstanding Short Form Animated Program | "Split Decisions" | {{nom}} |- | Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics | "Jing-a-Ling-a-Ling"<br />Christopher Willis (music & lyrics)<br />Darrick Bachman (lyrics)<br />Paul Rudish (lyrics)<br />(Episode: "Duck the Halls: A Mickey Mouse Christmas Special") | {{nom}} |- | rowspan= 7 | 2018 | rowspan= 6 | [[45th Annie Awards|Annie Awards]] | Outstanding Achievement for Directing in an Animated Television / Broadcast Production | Dave Wasson, Eddie Trigueros, and Alonso Ramirez-Ramos for "The Scariest Story Ever: A Mickey Mouse Halloween Spooktacular!" | {{won}} |- | Outstanding Achievement for Music in an Animated Television / Broadcast Production | [[Christopher Willis]] for "The Scariest Story Ever: A Mickey Mouse Halloween Spooktacular!" | {{won}} |- | Outstanding Achievement for Storyboarding in an Animated Television / Broadcast Production | Eddie Trigueros for "Bee Inspired" | {{won}} |- | Outstanding Achievement for Production Design in an Animated Television / Broadcast Production | Jenny Gase-Baker and Justin Martin for "The Scariest Story Ever: A Mickey Mouse Halloween Spooktacular!" | {{nom}} |- | Outstanding Voice Acting in an Animated Television / Broadcast Production | [[Chris Diamantopoulos]] as Mickey Mouse, "The Scariest Story Ever: A Mickey Mouse Halloween Spooktacular!" | {{nom}} |- | Outstanding Achievement for Writing in an Animated Television / Broadcast Production | Darrick Bachman for "Locked in Love" | {{nom}} |- | [[45th Daytime Creative Arts Emmy Awards|Daytime Emmy Awards]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cdn.emmyonline.org/day_45th_nominations_with_credits_v02.pdf|website=Emmy Awards Official Site|title=THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF TELEVISION ARTS & SCIENCES ANNOUNCES NOMINATIONS FOR THE 45TH ANNUAL DAYTIME EMMY® AWARDS|date=March 21, 2018|access-date=March 21, 2018|archive-date=October 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010181434/http://cdn.emmyonline.org/day_45th_nominations_with_credits_v02.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | Outstanding Directing in an Animated Program | Alonso Ramirez-Ramos | {{nominated}} |- | rowspan="7" |2019 | rowspan="4" |[[46th Annie Awards|Annie Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://annieawards.org/|title=46th Annual Annie Awards|website=annieawards.org|language=en|access-date=2019-02-07}}</ref> |Outstanding Achievement for Directing in an Animated Television / Broadcast Production |Eddie Trigueros for "Feed the Birds" | {{won}} |- |Outstanding Achievement, Music in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production |[[Christopher Willis]] for "Springtime" | {{won}} |- |Outstanding Achievement for Production Design in an Animated Television / Broadcast Production |Justin Martin for "Amore Motore" | {{nom}} |- |Outstanding Achievement for Storyboarding in an Animated Television / Broadcast Production |Alonso Ramirez-Ramos for "Carnaval" | {{won}} |- | rowspan="3" |[[46th Daytime Emmy Awards|Daytime Emmy Awards]] |[[Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Children's Animated Program|Outstanding Children's Animated Series]] |[[Paul Rudish]] and Todd Popp | {{nom}} |- |[[Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program|Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program]] |[[Chris Diamantopoulos]] as Mickey Mouse | {{nom}} |- |Outstanding Music Direction and Composition | [[Christopher Willis]] | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="4" |2020 | rowspan="2" |[[47th Annie Awards|Annie Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2020/01/annie-awards-2020-winners-list-livestream-1202841495/|title=Annie Awards: 'Klaus' & Netflix Dominate Animation Awards – Winners List|last=Pedersen|first=Erik|date=2020-01-25|website=Deadline|language=en|access-date=2020-01-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/2020-annie-award-nominations-complete-list-1258296/item/editorial-an-animated-feature-production-2020-annie-award-nominations-1258336|title=Best Editorial — Feature -Annie Awards: 'Frozen 2,' 'Missing Link' Lead Year of Surprises and Snubs|website=The Hollywood Reporter|language=en|access-date=2020-01-26}}</ref> |Best Animated Television/Broadcast Production for Children |For "Carried Away" | {{won}} |- |Outstanding Achievement for Directing in an Animated Television / Broadcast Production |Alonso Ramirez-Ramos for "For Whom the Bell Tolls" | {{won}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[47th Daytime Emmy Awards|Daytime Emmy Awards]]<ref>{{cite web |title=WINNERS FROM THE CHILDREN'S, LIFESTYLE & ANIMATION CEREMONY – The Emmys |url=https://theemmys.tv/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/DTE-Childrens-Lifestyle-Animation-Winners.pdf |website=theemmys.tv}}</ref> |Outstanding Directing for an Animated Program |Eddie Trigueros | {{won}} |- |Outstanding Editing for an Animated Program |Tony Molina, Mark Bollinger (assistant editor) | {{won}} |} ==Theme park attraction== A Mickey Mouse-themed attraction, titled ''[[Mickey & Minnie's Runaway Railway]]'', replaced [[The Great Movie Ride]] at [[Disney's Hollywood Studios]] at [[Walt Disney World]] in [[Lake Buena Vista]], [[Florida]]. This attraction was also announced to open at the [[Mickey's Toontown]] section of [[Disneyland]] at the [[Disneyland Resort]] for a planned 2023 opening date in [[Anaheim]], [[California]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ramirez|first1=Michael|title=Mickey & Minnie's Runaway Railway to Roll into Disneyland Park|url=https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2019/04/mickey-minnies-runaway-railway-to-roll-into-disneyland-park/|website=Disney Parks Blog|language=en-us|access-date=February 23, 2020|archive-date=August 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817163420/https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2019/04/mickey-minnies-runaway-railway-to-roll-into-disneyland-park/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The attraction is the third Mickey Mouse-themed attraction at any Disney property worldwide, only behind The Mickey Mouse Revue and Mickey's Philharmagic,{{efn|The term "attraction" refers to amusement rides, whereas character meet-and-greets do not apply.}} directly based on the series and involves guests watching the premiere of a new Mickey Mouse cartoon and then entering the cartoon itself. The show's creative team, including Paul Rudish, Joseph Holt and composer Christopher Willis, collaborated with [[Walt Disney Imagineering]] to create the attraction, which opened on March 4, 2020, at Disney's Hollywood Studios.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Smith|first1=Thomas|title=First Mickey-Themed Ride-Through Attraction, Mickey and Minnie's Runaway Railway, Coming to Disney's Hollywood Studios|url=https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2017/07/first-mickey-themed-ride-through-attraction-mickey-and-minnies-runaway-railway-coming-to-disneys-hollywood-studios/|website=Disney Parks Blog|language=en-us|access-date=July 16, 2017|archive-date=July 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715225047/https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2017/07/first-mickey-themed-ride-through-attraction-mickey-and-minnies-runaway-railway-coming-to-disneys-hollywood-studios/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ==Other websites== * {{Official website|http://mickey.disney.com/mickey-cartoons}} * {{IMDb title|id=2768802}} * {{bcdb|Walt_Disney_Studios/Television/Mickey_Mouse/|Mickey Mouse}} * [http://flipanimation.blogspot.co.uk/2013/03/slipping-mickey.html Review of "Croissant de Triomphe" at FLIP animation magazine] Retrieved March 2013 {{Mickey Mouse in animation}} [[Category:2010s American animated television series]] [[Category:2013 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2019 American television series endings]] [[Category:Annie Award winners]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] 1lx1enm165l51sgmhcr2h6xpn70zym6 0 957213 10369286 10358877 2025-07-03T09:26:14Z BlackJack 572554 Added {{[[Template:copyedit|copyedit]]}} and {{[[Template:update|update]]}} tags to article ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{copyedit|date=July 2025}} {{update|date=July 2025}} {{Infobox cricket team | name = Zimbabwe national cricket team | image = | alt = Refer to caption | caption = Zimbabwe cricket crest | nickname = The Chevrons<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.theindependent.co.zw/2017/07/07/cricketers-became-chevrons/|title=How our cricketers became Chevrons|work=[[Zimbabwe Independent]]|date=7 July 2017|access-date=20 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731004643/https://www.theindependent.co.zw/2017/07/07/cricketers-became-chevrons/ |archive-date=31 July 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{citation |url=https://www.newzimbabwe.com/chevrons-stars-happy-to-be-back-playing-cricket-again/|title=Chevrons stars Happy to be back playing cricket again|work=[[New Zimbabwe]]|date=28 September 2020|access-date=20 March 2021}}</ref> | association = [[Zimbabwe Cricket]] | test_captain = [[Sean Williams (cricketer)|Sean Williams]] | od_captain = [[Craig Ervine]] | t20i_captain = Craig Ervine | coach = [[David Houghton (cricketer)|Dave Houghton]] | test_status_year = 1992 | icc_status = Associate Member | icc_member_year = 1981 | icc_status2 = Full Member | icc_member_year2 = 1992 | icc_region = [[African Cricket Association|ACA]] (Africa) | test_rank = 10th | odi_rank = 12th | t20i_rank = 11th | test_rank_best = 7th <!-- Date when team reached its all time best ranking for the first time --> | odi_rank_best = 8th <!-- Date when team reached its all time best ranking for the first time --> | t20i_rank_best = 9th <!-- Date when team reached its all time best ranking for the first time --> | first_test = v. {{cr|IND}} at [[Harare Sports Club]], [[Harare]]; 18–22 October 1992 | most_recent_test = v. {{cr|BAN}} at [[Harare Sports Club]], [[Harare]]; 7–11 July 2021 | num_tests = 117 | num_tests_this_year = 0 | test_record = 13/75<br />(29 draws) | test_record_this_year = 0/0 (0 draws) | first_odi = v. {{cr|AUS}} at [[Trent Bridge]], [[Nottingham]]; 9 June 1983 | most_recent_odi = v. {{cr|AUS}} at [[Riverway Stadium]], [[Townsville]]; 3 September 2022 | num_odis = 553 | num_odis_this_year = 15 | odi_record = 143/390<br />(8 ties, 12 no results) | odi_record_this_year = 4/11<br />(0 ties, 0 no result) | wc_apps = 9 | wc_first = [[1983 Cricket World Cup|1983]] | wc_best = Super Sixes ([[1999 Cricket World Cup|1999]], [[2003 Cricket World Cup|2003]]) | wcq_apps = 4 | wcq_first = [[1982 ICC Trophy|1982]] | wcq_best = Champions (1982, [[1986 ICC Trophy|1986]], [[1990 ICC Trophy|1990]]) | first_t20i = v. {{cr|BAN}} at [[Sheikh Abu Naser Stadium]], [[Khulna]]; 28 November 2006 | most_recent_t20i = v. {{cr|BAN}} at [[The Gabba]], [[Brisbane]]; 30 October 2022 | num_t20is = 118 | num_t20is_this_year = 22 | t20i_record = 36/79<br />(2 ties, 1 no result) | t20i_record_this_year = 12/9<br />(0 ties, 1 no result) | wt20_apps = 6 | wt20_first = [[2007 ICC World Twenty20|2007]] | wt20_best = Super 12 ([[2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2022]]) | h_pattern_la = | h_pattern_b = _collar | h_pattern_ra = | h_pattern_pants = | h_leftarm = FFFFF6 | h_body = FFFFF6 | h_rightarm = FFFFF6 | h_pants = FFFFF6 | a_pattern_la = _yellowborder | a_pattern_b = _zim_odi23 | a_pattern_ra = _yellowborder | a_pattern_pants = | a_leftarm = FF0000 | a_body = FF0000 | a_rightarm = FF0000 | a_pants = FF0000 | t_pattern_la = _redborder | t_pattern_b = _zim_t20i22 | t_pattern_ra = _redborder | t_pattern_pants = | t_leftarm = FFFF00 | t_body = FFFF00 | t_rightarm = FFFF00 | t_pants = FF0000 | asofdate = 30 October 2022 }} The '''Zimbabwe national cricket team''', also known as '''Chevrons''' represents [[Zimbabwe]] in men's international [[cricket]].<ref>{{cite book| last1 = Falola| first1 = Toyin| last2 = Jean-Jacques| first2 = Daniel| others = Toyin Falola, Daniel Jean-Jacques| title = Africa : an encyclopedia of culture and society| url = https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/900016532| date = 2016| publisher = ABC-CLIO| location = Santa Barbara, California| isbn = 978-1-59884-665-2| oclc = 900016532| page = 1316 }}</ref> Zimbabwe Cricket (earlier known as the Zimbabwe Cricket Union) controls the cricket team. Zimbabwe has been a Full Member of the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC) since 1992. <ref>{{Cite web|title=ICC Men's Test Team Rankings {{!}} ICC|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/rankings/mens/team-rankings/test|access-date=2022-09-06|website=ICC|language=en}}</ref> As of March, 2022, Zimbabwe is currently ranked 10th in [[Test cricket|Tests]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Records {{!}} Test matches {{!}} Team records {{!}} Results summary {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283877.html|access-date=2022-09-06|website=Cricinfo}}</ref> 13th in [[One Day International]]s (ODIs)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Records {{!}} One-Day Internationals {{!}} Team records {{!}} Results summary {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283878.html|access-date=2022-09-06|website=Cricinfo}}</ref> and 11th in [[Twenty20 International]]s (T20Is)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Records {{!}} Twenty20 Internationals {{!}} Team records {{!}} Results summary {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283307.html|access-date=2022-09-06|website=Cricinfo}}</ref> by the ICC. == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * Nyambi, Oliver (2019). ''Life-writing from the margins in Zimbabwe : versions and subversions of crisis''. Abingdon, Oxon. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-429-43469-3|<bdi>978-0-429-43469-3</bdi>]]. &nbsp;{{OCLC|1102473994}} [[Category:National sports teams of Zimbabwe]] [[Category:Cricket teams in Zimbabwe|Men]] [[Category:Test cricket teams]] [[Category:Men's national cricket teams]] hj04l81gb29i2zp0h7vtkhgkpeuri3v 0 959843 10368935 8695782 2025-07-03T04:08:52Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 typo: duplication 10368935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{automatic taxobox | taxon = Megastomatohyla | authority = {{interlanguage link multi|Julián Faivovich|fr|lt=Faivovich}} ''et al.'', 2005<ref name="Faivovich et al. 2005"/> | type_species = ''[[Mixe tree frog|Hyla mixe]]'' | type_species_authority = {{interlanguage link multi|William Edward Duellman|fr|lt=Duellman}}, 1965 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = 4 species (see [[#Species|text]]) }} '''''Megastomatohyla''''' is a [[genus]] of [[frog]]s. It is in the family [[Hylidae]]. They [[endemic|live]] in [[cloud forest]]s in [[Mexico]]. It lives in the states of [[Veracruz]] and [[Oaxaca]].<ref name=Frost/> All of the species in this genus are rare and only live in a few places.<ref name="Canseco Márquez et al. 2018"/> The name "Megastomatohyla" comes from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word ''mega'' for "large" and ''stomatos'' for "mouth," because the [[tadpole]]s have large mouths. ''[[Hyla]]'' is the name of another genus. Four of the frogs in ''Megastomatohyla'' were in ''Hyla'' before the scientists changed their minds.<ref name="Faivovich et al. 2005"/> They are called '''large-mouthed treefrogs''' in English.<ref name=Frost/> ==Taxonomy and characteristics== In 2005, scientists looked closely at the family Hylidae and the frogs in it. They changed the genuses and groupings. Scientists looked at [[molecular data]] and decided to make ''Megastomatohyla'' a genus. Before that, these frogs were called the "''Hyla mixomaculata'' group." These frogs have only [[synamorphy|look similar]] in one way that people can see with their eyes: The tadpoles have a very large oral disk with many teeth: 7–10 rows of teeth in front and 10–11 rows of teeth in the back.<ref name="Faivovich et al. 2005"/> ''Megastomatohyla'' are small frogs. They lay their eggs in streams. The largest frog in ''Megastomatohyla'' is about {{convert|37|mm|abbr=on}} long [[snout-vent length|from nose to rear end]].<ref name="Duellman 1970"/> Males do not [[Sexual selection in amphibians#Vocal signaling in frogs|sing for the females]]<ref name="Canseco Márquez et al. 2018"/><ref name="Duellman 1970"/> and they do not have vocal slits. They do not have nuptial pads on their thumbs.<ref name="Faivovich et al. 2005"/> The [[Tympanum (anatomy)|eardrum]] is not visible.<ref name="Canseco Márquez et al. 2018"/><ref name="Duellman 1970"/> The front feet have only a little webbed skin, and the back feet have more webbed skin.<ref name="Duellman 1970"/> ==Species== The genus had four species in it:<ref name=Frost/><ref name=AmphibiaWeb/> {|style="text-align:left; border:1px solid #999999; " |-style="background:#CCCC99; text-align: center; " !Binomial name and author!! Common name |- |-style="background:#EEEEEE;" | ''M. mixe'' {{small|(Duellman, 1965)}} || [[Mixe tree frog]] |-style="background:#FFFDFF;" | ''M. mixomaculata'' {{small|(Taylor, 1950)}} || [[variegated tree frog]] |-style="background:#EEEEEE;" | ''M. nubicola'' {{small|(Duellman, 1964)}} || [[cloud forest tree frog]] |-style="background:#FFFDFF;" | ''M. pellita'' {{small|(Duellman, 1968)}} || [[Oaxacan yellow tree frog]] |- |} ==References== {{Reflist|30em|refs= <ref name=AmphibiaWeb>{{cite web |url=http://amphibiaweb.org/lists/Hylidae.shtml |title=Hylidae |year=2020 |work=AmphibiaWeb |publisher=University of California, Berkeley |access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> <ref name="Canseco Márquez et al. 2018">{{cite journal |last1=Canseco Márquez |first1=Luis |last2=Aguilar López |first2=José Luis |last3=Luría Manzano |first3=Ricardo |last4=Gutiérrez Mayén |first4=Guadalupe |last5=Hernández Benitez |first5=David |name-list-style=amp |title=Rediscovery of two threatened species of treefrogs (Anura: Hylidae) from Southern Mexico |journal=Herpetology Notes |date=2018 |volume=11 |pages=23–29 |url=https://www.biotaxa.org/hn/article/view/32808 }}</ref> <ref name="Duellman 1970">{{cite book |title=The hylid frogs of Middle America |series=Monograph of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas |volume=1 |last=Duellman |first=W. E. |year=1970 |issue=1 |pages=1–753 |no-pp = y |url=http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/2835 |doi=10.5962/bhl.title.2835}} (''Hyla mixomaculata'' group: p. 416)</ref> <ref name="Faivovich et al. 2005">{{cite journal |last1=Faivovich |first1=Julián |last2=Haddad |first2=Célio F.B. |last3=Garcia |first3=Paulo C.A. |last4=Frost |first4=Darrel R. |last5=Campbell |first5=Jonathan A. |last6=Wheeler |first6=Ward C. |name-list-style=amp |year=2005 |title=Systematic review of the frog family Hylidae, with special reference to Hylinae: phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision |journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |volume=294 |pages=1–240 |doi=10.1206/0003-0090(2005)294[0001:SROTFF]2.0.CO;2 |hdl=2246/462 |s2cid=83925199 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/5363218 }}</ref> <ref name=Frost>{{cite web |url=https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Hylidae/Hylinae/Megastomatohyla |title=''Megastomatohyla'' Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005 |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2020 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |doi=10.5531/db.vz.0001 |access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> }} {{Taxonbar|from=Q2319929}} [[Category:Frogs of North America]] rwrkyb8gorg1pdyf60pu48z8l5l76fn 10 964031 10369143 8734193 2025-07-03T08:02:09Z TommiMaoz 1633878 10369143 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Central District (Israel) |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |title = [[Central District (Israel)|Central District]] of [[Israel]] |image = [[File:Center District in Israel (undisputed).svg|70px]] |bodyclass = hlist |group1 = [[City council (Israel)|Cities]] |list1 = *[[El'ad]] *[[Giv'at Shmuel]] *[[Hod HaSharon]] *[[Kafr Qasim]] *[[Kfar Saba]] *[[Kfar Yona]] *[[Lod]] *[[Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut]] *[[Ness Ziona]] *[[Netanya]] *[[Petah Tikva]] *[[Qalansawe]] *[[Ra'anana]] *[[Ramla]] *[[Rehovot]] *[[Rishon LeZion]] *[[Rosh HaAyin]] *[[Tayibe]] *[[Tira, Israel|Tira]] *[[Yavne]] *[[Yehud-Monosson]] |group2 = [[Local council (Israel)|Local councils]] |list2 = *[[Be'er Ya'akov]] *[[Beit Dagan]] *[[Bnei Ayish]] *[[Elyakhin]] *[[Even Yehuda]] *[[Gan Yavne]] *[[Ganei Tikva]] *[[Gedera]] *[[Jaljulia]] *[[Kafr Bara]] *[[Kiryat Ekron]] *[[Kokhav Ya'ir]] *[[Mazkeret Batya]] *[[Pardesiya]] *[[Savyon]] *[[Shoham]] *[[Tel Mond]] *[[Kadima-Zoran]] *[[Zemer]] |group3 = [[Regional council (Israel)|Regional councils]] |list3 = *[[Brenner Regional Council|Brenner]] *[[Gan Raveh Regional Council|Gan Raveh]] *[[Gederot Regional Council|Gederot]] *[[Gezer Regional Council|Gezer]] *[[Drom HaSharon Regional Council|Drom HaSharon]] *[[Hefer Valley Regional Council|Hefer Valley]] *[[Hevel Modi'in Regional Council|Hevel Modi'in]] *[[Hevel Yavne Regional Council|Hevel Yavne]] *[[Hof HaSharon Regional Council|Hof HaSharon]] *[[Lev HaSharon Regional Council|Lev HaSharon]] *[[Nahal Sorek Regional Council|Nahal Sorek]] *[[Sdot Dan Regional Council|Sdot Dan]] |group4 = [[Borough]]s |list4 = *[[Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut]] *[[Neve Monosson]] |group5 = See also |list5 = *[[Gush Dan]] *[[Sharon plain]] |below = *'''Other sub-divisions''': [[Haifa District]] *[[Jerusalem District]] *[[Judea and Samaria Area]] *[[Northern District (Israel)|Northern District]] *[[Southern District (Israel)|Southern District]] *[[Tel Aviv District]] }}<noinclude> {{collapsible option}} [[Category:Israel navigational boxes|Central]] </noinclude><includeonly> {{Main other|[[Category:Central District (Israel)]]|}} </includeonly> tpyq1dmi3m4vqvjgmi7ne3nnz7gaei8 0 971866 10368912 10363795 2025-07-03T04:00:11Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Toon City Animation | former_name = Toon City Animation Inc. (1993–2013) | image = | type = [[Privately held company|Private]] | foundation = {{Start date and age|1993}} | founder = Colin Baker | location_city = [[Manila]] | location_country = [[Philippines]] | key_people = Miguel del Rosario (President & CEO)<br>Rene De Guzman (VP - Resources Development)<br>Ricky Gundran (Chief Finance Officer)<br>Migs del Rosario (Chief Development Officer)<br>Danilo Pateño (Resources Development Director)<br>Chrissie Chan (Executive Assistant) | industry = Traditional hand-drawn 2D [[Animation]]<br>[[Adobe Flash|Flash Animation]]<br>CGI [[Computer animation|Animation]]<br>Paperless [[Toon Boom|Harmony Animation]]<br>[[Television production]] | services = Animation outsourcing | website = {{URL|http://tooncityanimation.com}} }} [[File:Disney Television Animation logo.png|thumb|298x298px|Disney Television Animation hired the first Filipino animation studio for 32 years ago.]] '''Toon City''' is a Filipino animation studio in [[Manila]]. They have produced animation for [[The Walt Disney Company]], [[Nickelodeon]], [[Universal Pictures|Universal]], [[Warner Bros.]], [[Xilam]], [[HBO]] and [[CinéGroupe|Cinegroupe]]. Toon City was founded in 1993 by Colin Baker with roughly ten animators. Their first series work was for ''[[Bonkers (American TV series)|Bonkers]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-03-30-wr-17071-story.html|title=Doing Business : Cartoon Stars Take Around-the-World Cruise : And they're not coming back. Even the Simpsons are drawn abroad. The reasons: a shortage of U.S. artists and the lure of cheap labor.|last=DROGIN|first=BOB|date=1993-03-30|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=2017-08-28|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035}}</ref> The studio currently has a floor space of over 3000 square meters and can accommodate over one thousand artists producing the animation in traditional 2D, Flash, CGI and paperless Harmony. ==Filmography== ===TV series from Disney Television Animation=== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: auto; style="width:75%;" table-layout: fixed;" | ! style="width:20%;" | Show ! style="width:10%;" | Year(s) ! style="width:25%;" class="unsortable" | Notes |- | ''[[Bonkers (American TV series)|Bonkers]]'' || 1993–1994 || Group 4, The first series was animated by this studio |- | ''[[Aladdin (animated TV series)|Aladdin: The Animated Series]]'' || 1994–1995 || Season 2 |- | ''[[Gargoyles (TV series)|Gargoyles]]'' || 1995–1996 || "The Cage" and "Kingdom" |- | ''[[Quack Pack]]'' || 1996 || |- | ''[[Mighty Ducks (TV series)|Mighty Ducks: The Animated Series]]'' || 1996 || |- | ''[[Goof Troop]]'' || 1992–93 || 8 episodes: ''Buddy Building'', ''Where There's a Will'', ''There's a Goof'', ''Terminal Pete'', ''Rally Round the Goof'', ''Frankengoof'', ''Calling All Goofs'', ''Pistolgeist'' and ''Tee for Two'' |- | ''[[Jungle Cubs]]'' || 1996 || Season 1 |- | ''[[101 Dalmatians: The Series|101 Dalmatians: The Animated Series]]'' || 1997-1998 || co-produced by [[Animation studios owned by The Walt Disney Company#Jumbo Pictures|Jumbo Pictures]] |- | ''[[Hercules (1998 TV series)|Hercules: The Animated Series]]'' || 1998–1999 || |- | ''[[Recess (TV series)|Recess]]'' || 1999-2001 || Seasons 2-5 |- | ''[[Mickey Mouse Works]]'' || 1999-2000 || |- | ''[[Teacher's Pet (TV series)|Teacher's Pet]]'' || 2000-2002 || |- | ''[[Teamo Supremo]]'' || 2002-2004 || 14 episodes: ''Elemental, My Dear Jasmine'', ''To Cure a Thief'', ''My Fair Aladdin'', ''Web of Fear'', ''Seems Like Old Crimes: Part 1'', ''Seems Like Old Crimes: Part 2'', ''The Love Bug, The Vapor Chase'', ''The Day the Bird Stood Still'', ''Smells Like Trouble'', ''Armored and Dangerous'', ''Dune Quixote'', ''The Prophet Motive'' and ''Sea No Evil'' |- | ''[[Buzz Lightyear of Star Command]]'' || 2000 || "Enter Macbeth", co-produced by [[Pixar|Pixar Animation Studios]] |- | ''[[House of Mouse]]'' || 2001-2003 || |- | ''[[The Legend of Tarzan (TV series)|The Legend of Tarzan]]'' || 2001–2003 || |- | ''[[Fillmore!]]'' || 2002 || "Ingrid Third, Public Enemy #1" |- | ''[[Lilo & Stitch: The Series]]'' || 2003–05 || |- | ''[[Brandy & Mr. Whiskers]]'' || 2004–2006 || With Wang Film Productions |- | ''[[The Emperor's New School]]'' || 2006–08 || Season 1, uncredited |- | ''[[Mickey Mouse Clubhouse]]'' || 2006 || |- | ''[[The Replacements (TV series)|The Replacements]]'' || 2006–2007 || Season 1 |- | ''[[Sofia the First]]'' || 2013-2018 || uncredited |- | ''[[The 7D]]'' || 2014-2016 || |- | ''[[Star vs. the Forces of Evil]]'' || 2015 || Season 1 |- | ''[[Jake and the Never Land Pirates]]'' || 2015-2016 || Season 4 |- | ''[[DuckTales (2017 TV series)|DuckTales]]'' || 2017-2021 || With Snipple Animation Studios |- | ''[[Big Hero 6: The Series]]'' || 2019-2020 || Season 2, With Snipple Animation Studios |} ===TV series from other studios=== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: auto; style="width:75%;" table-layout: fixed;" | ! style="width:20%;" | Show ! style="width:15%;" | Studio ! style="width:10%;" | Year(s) ! style="width:25%;" class="unsortable" | Notes |- | ''[[Cyber Group Studios|50/50 Heroes]]'' | [[Cyber Group Studios]] | 2022-present | |- | ''[[Angry Birds Toons]]'' | [[Rovio Entertainment]] | 2013-2016 | |- | ''[[The Awesomes]]'' | [[Broadway Video]]<br>Sethmaker Shoemeyers Productions<br>[[Bento Box Entertainment]] | 2013 | "No Mo' Sumo" |- | ''[[Bratz (TV series)|Bratz]]'' | [[MGA Entertainment]]<br>[[Splash Entertainment|Mike Young Productions]] | 2005-2008 | |- | ''[[Brickleberry]]'' | [[Fox 21 Television Studios|Fox 21]] | 2013-2015 | Seasons 2-3 |- | ''[[Bro'Town]]'' | Firehorse Films | 2004-2009 | |- | ''[[Bunnicula (TV series)|Bunnicula]]'' | Warner Bros. Animation | 2016-2018 | |- | ''[[Care Bears: Unlock the Magic]]'' | Copernicus Studios | 2019-present | |- | ''[[Chloe's Closet]]'' | [[MoonScoop]] | 2010 | Season 1 |- | ''Coach Me if You Can'' | [[Xilam]] | 2020-2021 | |- | ''[[Counterfeit Cat]]'' | Tricon Kids & Family<br>Wildseed Kids | 2016-2017 | Additional animation |- | ''[[Curious George (TV series)|Curious George]]'' | [[Universal Animation Studios]]<br>[[Imagine Entertainment]] | 2006-2022 | |- | ''[[Dawn of the Croods]]'' | [[DreamWorks Animation Television]] | 2015-2017 | Uncredited |- | ''[[Fatherhood (TV series)|Fatherhood]]'' | [[Bill Cosby|Smiley Inc.]] | 2004 | Additional animation for "Balancing the Books" |- | ''[[The Freak Brothers]]'' | Pure Imagination Studios | 2021 | Season 1 |- | ''[[George of the Jungle (2007 TV series)|George of the Jungle]]'' | [[Studio B Productions]] | 2007-2008 | Season 1, uncredited |- | ''[[Geronimo Stilton (TV series)|Geronimo Stilton]]'' | MoonScoop<br>[[Rai Fiction]]<br>Atlantyca Entertainment | 2009-2012 | Seasons 1-2 |- | ''[[Hazbin Hotel]]'' | [[SpindleHorse Toons]]<br>Bento Box Entertainment<br>[[A24]] | 2024-present | |- | ''[[Hero: 108]]'' | [[Gamania]] | 2010 | Season 1 |- | ''[[HouseBroken]]'' | Bento Box Entertainment | 2023 | Season 2 |- | ''[[Krapopolis]]'' | [[Fox Entertainment|Fox Entertainment Studios]]<br>Bento Box Entertainment | 2023 | "All Hail the Goddess of Likability!" |- | ''[[The Land Before Time (TV series)|The Land Before Time]]'' | Universal Animation Studios<br>[[Amblin Entertainment]] | 2007-2008 | |- | ''[[The Last Kids on Earth (TV series)|The Last Kids on Earth]]'' | [[Atomic Cartoons]] | 2020 | Additional animation for Book 2 |- | ''[[Lazor Wulf]]'' | [[6 Point Harness]] | 2020-2021 | Season 2, as Morph Animation |- | ''[[The Legend of Korra]]'' | [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] | 2013 | Book 2, uncredited |- | ''[[The Looney Tunes Show]]'' | Warner Bros. Animation | 2011 | Season 1 |- | ''Lupin's Tales'' | Xilam | 2021-present | |- | ''[[The Mighty B!]]'' | Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>[[Paper Kite Productions]]<br>Polka Dot Pictures | 2008 | Season 1 |- | ''[[Mixed Nutz]]'' | [[Big Bad Boo]] | 2008 | |- | ''[[Moka's Fabulous Adventures!]]'' | Xilam | 2020 | |- | ''[[Molly of Denali]]'' | Atomic Cartoons | 2019-present | |- | ''[[Mother Up!]]'' | Broadway Video<br>Mass Animation<br>[[Bardel Entertainment]]<br>[[Rogers Sports & Media|Rogers Media]] | 2013-2014 | As Morph Animation |- | ''[[Mr. Magoo (TV series)|Mr. Magoo]]'' | Xilam | 2019-2023 | |- | ''[[Oggy and the Cockroaches]]'' | Xilam | 2017-2019 | Seasons 5-7, as Morph Animation |- | ''[[Rick and Morty]]'' | [[Williams Street]] | 2013-2015 | Seasons 1-2, as Morph Animation |- | ''[[Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]'' | [[Flying Bark Productions]] | 2019-2020 | Additional animation for season 2 |- | ''Star Stable: Mistfall'' | Ferly | 2021 | As Morph Animation |- | ''[[Taffy (TV series)|Taffy]]'' | Cyber Group Studios | 2018-present | As Morph Animation |- | ''[[Tom and Jerry Tales]]'' | Warner Bros. Animation<br>[[Turner Entertainment]] | 2006-2007 | |- | ''[[New Looney Tunes|Wabbit: A Looney Tunes Production]]'' | Warner Bros. Animation | 2014 | Pilot version of "To Catch a Fairy" |- | ''[[Voltron Force]]'' | [[World Events Productions]]<br>[[DreamWorks Classics|Classic Media]]<br>Kickstart Productions<br>[[Nicktoons (American TV channel)|Nicktoons]] | 2011-2012 | |- | ''[[Zeroman]]'' | Amberwood Entertainment | 2004 | |- | ''[[The ZhuZhus]]'' | [[Nelvana]] | 2016-2017 | Additional animation |- | ''[[Zig & Sharko]]'' | Xilam | 2019-2020 | Season 3 |- | ''[[Wolfboy and the Everything Factory]]'' | Bento Box Entertainment | 2022 | Season 2 |- |} ===Feature films=== *''Kleines Arschloch'' (1997, TFC Trickompany Filmproduktion GmbH) *''[[The Jungle Book 2]]'' (2003, DisneyToon Studios) *''[[Piglet's Big Movie]]'' (2003, DisneyToon Studios) (uncredited) *''[[Teacher's Pet (2004 movie)|Teacher's Pet]]'' (2004, Walt Disney Television Animation) *''[[Curious George (movie)|Curious George]]'' (2006, Universal Animation Studios) (Digital Ink and Paint only) *''[[The Three Robbers]]'' (2007, Animation X Gesellschaft zur Produktion von Animationsfilmen mbH) *''[[WinneToons]]'' (2007) *''[[Santa's Apprentice]]'' (2010, Cartoon Salon) *''[[Titeuf, le film]]'' (2011, MoonScoop Productions) *''The Golden Horse'' (2014, Acme Film) *''[[Henry and Me]]'' (2014, Sunset Studios) *''Der kleine Rabe Socke - Das große Rennen'' (2015, Seru Films) *''[[La Leyenda del Chupacabras]]'' (2016, Ánima Estudios) *''[[Fritzi – A Revolutionary Tale]]'' (2019, Trick Studios) *''[[Little Vampire]]'' (2019, The Magical Society) *''[[Koati (movie)|Koati]]'' (2021, Upstairs Animation, Los Hijos de Jack, and [[Latin World Entertainment|Latin We]]) ===Direct-to-video films=== *''[[Belle's Magical World]]'' (1998, Walt Disney Television Animation) *''[[The Lion King II: Simba's Pride]]'' (1998, Walt Disney Television Animation) *''[[Hercules: Zero to Hero]]'' (1999, Walt Disney Television Animation) *''[[Mickey's Once Upon a Christmas]]'' (1999, Walt Disney Television Animation) *''[[Mickey's Magical Christmas: Snowed in at the House of Mouse]]'' (2001, Walt Disney Television Animation) *''[[Tarzan & Jane]]'' (2002, Walt Disney Television Animation) *''[[Mickey's House of Villains]]'' (2002, Walt Disney Television Animation) *''[[Atlantis: Milo's Return]]'' (2003, Walt Disney Television Animation) *''[[Springtime with Roo|Winnie the Pooh: Springtime with Roo]]'' (2004, DisneyToon Studios) *''[[Bratz: Starrin' & Stylin']]'' (2004, MGA Entertainment) *''[[Mickey, Donald, Goofy: The Three Musketeers]]'' (2004, DisneyToon Studios) *''Babak & Friends'' (2005, Norooz Productions) *''[[Tom and Jerry: Blast Off to Mars]]'' (2005, Warner Bros. Animation) *''[[Tarzan II]]'' (2005, DisneyToon Studios) *''[[Pooh's Heffalump Halloween Movie]]'' (2005, DisneyToon Studios) *''[[Kronk's New Groove]]'' (2005, DisneyToon Studios) *''[[Bah, Humduck! A Looney Tunes Christmas]]'' (2006, Warner Bros. Animation) *''[[The Fox and the Hound 2]]'' (2006, DisneyToon Studios) *''[[Cinderella III: A Twist in Time]]'' (2007, DisneyToon Studios) *''[[Disney Princess Enchanted Tales: Follow Your Dreams]]'' (2007, DisneyToon Studios) *''[[The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning]]'' ([[List of animation studios owned by The Walt Disney Company#Disney Animation Australia|DisneyToon Studios Australia]]) (2008, DisneyToon Studios) *''Holly Hobbie and Friends: Fabulous Fashion Show'' (2008, Sony Wonder) *''Holly Hobbie and Friends: Marvelous Makeover'' (2009, Sony Wonder) *''[[Curious George 2: Follow That Monkey!]]'' (2009, Universal Animation Studios) ===Television specials=== *''[[Boo to You Too! Winnie the Pooh]]'' (1996, Disney Television Animation) *''The Last Sheep'' (2019, Trick Studios) ===Online series=== *''[[Helluva Boss]]'' (2023-present, [[SpindleHorse Toons]]) ===Shorts=== *''Plastic Man'' (2006, Warner Bros. Animation) ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{Official website|name=Toon City Animation official website}} {{asia-stub}} [[Category:Animation studios]] [[Category:Entertainment companies of the Philippines]] [[Category:Mass media companies established in 1993]] [[Category:1993 establishments in the Philippines]] [[Category:Film production companies of the Philippines]] [[Category:Companies based in Manila]] [[Category:Philippine companies established in 1993]] [[Category:Privately held companies of the Philippines]] jy08ewbry3x6pgo8bdq7xh251mf9dea 0 972148 10368104 10361896 2025-07-02T19:03:30Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C 10368104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | italic_title = | image = Franklin and Friends logo.png | image_upright = | image_size = | image_alt = | caption = | alt_name = | native_name = <!-- {{Infobox name module|language|title}} or {{Infobox name module|title}} --> | genre = <!-- Must be reliably sourced --> | creator = | based_on = <!-- {{Based on|work|author}} --> | inspired_by = <!-- {{Based on|title of the original work|creator of the original work|additional creator(s), if necessary}} --> | developer = | writer = | screenplay = | story = | director = | creative_director = | presenter = <!-- Organized by broadcast credit order, with new main cast added to the end of the list --> | starring = <!-- Organized by broadcast credit order, with new main cast added to the end of the list --> | judges = <!-- Organized by broadcast credit order, with new main cast added to the end of the list --> | voices = <!-- Organized by broadcast credit order, with new main cast added to the end of the list --> | narrated = | theme_music_composer = | opentheme = | endtheme = | composer = | country = | language = | num_seasons = <!-- Or num_series. Increment when new seasons/series begin. See template documentation for more info. --> | num_episodes = <!-- Value is incremented when new episodes air. See template documentation for more info. --> | list_episodes = | executive_producer = | producer = | news_editor = <!-- Content editor or editors of a current affairs/political show such as Newsnight. --> | location = <!-- Nation the series was filmed in, if different from the nation of origin. --> | cinematography = | animator = | editor = <!-- movie editors --> | camera = <!-- Either Single-camera or Multi-camera --> | runtime = <!-- Reliable source required --> | company = <!-- Production companies only --> | budget = | network = | released = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | first_aired = <!-- {{Start date|2011|03|04}} --> | last_aired = <!-- {{End date|2013|09|17}} --> | related = <!-- To be used only for remakes, spin-offs, and adaptations --> }} '''''Franklin and Friends''''' is a children's animated educational television series was taken the events of ''[[Franklin (TV series)|1997 television series]]'', it was produced by Canadian studio [[Nelvana|Nelvana Limited]] and Singapore studio Infinite Filmworks with airing on [[Treehouse TV]] and MediaCorp from March 4, 2011 to June 14, 2014. In the US, it was aired on [[Nick Jr.]] on February 13, 2012. {{Nickshows}} {{tv-stub}} [[Category:2010s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:2010s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:2010s Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2010s Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:2010s Singaporean animated television series]] [[Category:2010s Singaporean children's television series]] [[Category:2010s Singaporean television series debuts]] [[Category:2010s Singaporean television series endings]] [[Category:2011 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2011 Singaporean television series debuts]] [[Category:2014 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:2014 Singaporean television series endings]] [[Category:Animated television series about children]] [[Category:Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:Canadian English-language television shows]] [[Category:Children's television series about talking animals]] [[Category:Nick Jr. original programming]] [[Category:Singaporean animated television series]] [[Category:Singaporean children's television series]] [[Category:Television series about friendship]] [[Category:Television shows about bears]] ckzffgam1izl6mt5yv1gtbhcddtvyhu 3 973680 10368384 9667411 2025-07-02T22:26:25Z Ferien 1011873 Notification: listing at [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] of [[Wolfson hospital terminal]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368384 wikitext text/x-wiki == November 2022 == [[Image:Information.svg|30px]] Hello and welcome to [[Wikipedia:Simple English Wikipedia|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make helpful changes to the encyclopedia. You may not know that Wikipedia has a [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]] that should be followed to keep the encyclopedia looking neat and professional. Using different styles in the encyclopedia, as you did to "[[:Moshe Arens terminal]]", can make it harder to read. Please take a look at the [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome page]] to learn more about changing this encyclopedia. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-mos1 --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 10:16, 6 November 2022 (UTC) :TNX [[User:נתנאל שטרן|נתנאל שטרן]] ([[User talk:נתנאל שטרן#top|talk]]) 10:16, 6 November 2022 (UTC) [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Thank you for changing Wikipedia. We welcome all changes, but we can only have changes that are in [[Wikipedia:Simple English Wikipedia|simple English]], and your new changes to "[[:Moshe Arens Terminal]]" were in another language. If you wish to make changes in that language, please see the [[m:List of Wikipedias|list of languages that have a Wikipedia]], and contribute to the one in your language. Thank you. <!-- Template:Uw-simple --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 10:23, 6 November 2022 (UTC) :I did an error :( [[User:נתנאל שטרן|נתנאל שטרן]] ([[User talk:נתנאל שטרן#top|talk]]) 10:24, 6 November 2022 (UTC) ::p.s. I fixed this [[User:נתנאל שטרן|נתנאל שטרן]] ([[User talk:נתנאל שטרן#top|talk]]) 10:24, 6 November 2022 (UTC) == February 2023 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, {{BASEPAGENAME}}! Here at Simple English Wikipedia we use the section heading "Other websites" instead of English Wikipedia's "External links", which you used in "[[:Calcalist]]". This makes it simpler and easier to read. Please remember to use "Other websites" in articles that you create in the future. Thank you for your help!<!-- Template:Uw-otherweb --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 08:45, 22 February 2023 (UTC) [[File:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to Wikipedia. A page you made, [[:2014 Gaza War]], did not meet our [[Wikipedia:Rules|rules]] for new pages, so it has been [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|removed]]. Please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]] for any tests. You may also want to read our [[Wikipedia:Introduction|introduction page]] to learn more about changing. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-create1 --> ''An article should contain more than just an infobox. Consider adding a lede next time.'' — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 01:57, 25 February 2023 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Busline 250 (Tel Aviv)== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Busline 250 (Tel Aviv)]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2023/Busline 250 (Tel Aviv)]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the article during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]])</small> 21:24, 3 March 2023 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Cyber attacks in Israel== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Cyber attacks in Israel]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2023/Cyber attacks in Israel]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the article during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Gotanda|Gotanda]] ([[User talk:Gotanda|talk]]) 12:51, 4 March 2023 (UTC) == Please stop copying pages from English Wikipedia == The pages that you created are just copies from enwiki, so they're not helpful. Please don't copy any more pages here. [[User:Lights and freedom|Lights and freedom]] ([[User talk:Lights and freedom|talk]]) 07:19, 16 March 2023 (UTC) :ok. :can I to edit them? [[User:נתנאל שטרן|נתנאל שטרן]] ([[User talk:נתנאל שטרן#top|talk]]) 07:42, 16 March 2023 (UTC) :: Yes please, if you can remove or simplify all sentences that you copied then we may avoid deletion. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 07:50, 16 March 2023 (UTC) == March 2023 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, {{BASEPAGENAME}}! Here at Simple English Wikipedia we use the section heading "Other websites" instead of English Wikipedia's "External links", which you used in "[[:OpenAPI Specification]]". This makes it simpler and easier to read. Please remember to use "Other websites" in articles that you create in the future. Thank you for your help!<!-- Template:Uw-otherweb --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 16:34, 16 March 2023 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of AI in psychiatry== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:AI in psychiatry]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2023/AI in psychiatry]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the article during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 20:19, 31 March 2023 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Busline 444 (Israel)== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Busline 444 (Israel)]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2023/Busline 444 (Israel)]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the article during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 08:33, 8 April 2023 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Template:Historical Jewish Press 2== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Template:Historical Jewish Press 2]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2024/Template:Historical Jewish Press 2]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 04:23, 26 July 2024 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Wolfson hospital terminal== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Wolfson hospital terminal]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wolfson hospital terminal]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:26, 2 July 2025 (UTC) rwx2wns5e1clk8iyh20d7rzho5lfveq 0 975608 10368067 10366074 2025-07-02T18:25:37Z 2600:4040:2CC4:E100:8857:50C6:B833:948D 10368067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} '''''Marvin the Tap-Dancing Horse''''', also known as simply '''''Marvin''''', is a Canadian animated [[children's television series]]. It was co-produced by [[Nelvana Limited]] and [[Wang Film Productions|Hong Guang Animation]] with the participation of [[Teletoon]] and [[PBS]] ran from September 30, 2000 to January 26, 2002. Qubo streamed episodes of Marvin the Tap-Dancing Horse. {{Former PBS Kids original programming}} [[Category:2000 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2002 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:Canadian English-language television shows]] [[Category:PBS Kids shows]] {{tv-stub}} mtcwurvnhascqyi7alk5yy5wm3k3v3a 0 975808 10367868 10356452 2025-07-02T16:16:44Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C US-EN 10367868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | runtime = 20–22 minutes | creator = Andy Heyward | executive_producer = Andy Heyward<br>Robby London |director = Dan Riba | starring = [[Lou Albano]]<br>[[Danny Wells]]<br>Jeannie Elias<br>[[Harvey Atkin]]<br>John Stocker<br>Jonathan Potts<br>Cyndy Preston<br>Len Carlson | opentheme = "Mario Brothers Rap" | country = [[United States]] | language = English | company = [[Saban Entertainment]]<br>[[DIC Entertainment]]<br>[[Nintendo of America]] | network = [[Syndication]] | first_aired = {{start date|1989|9|4}} | last_aired = {{end date|1989|12|01}} | num_seasons = 1 | num_episodes = 65 }} '''''The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!''''', also simply known as '''''Super Mario''''' and '''''Super Mario Brothers''''', is the first [[cartoon]] of [[DIC Entertainment]]'s ''[[Super Mario]]'' trilogy, aired between September 4 and December 1, 1989. It was the only one to be produced directly for syndication. The show featured [[live-action]] segments in which [[Mario]] and [[Luigi]] (played by [[Lou Albano]] and [[Danny Wells]] respectively), living in their basement workshop in [[Brooklyn]], were often visited by various celebrity guest stars. Also featured were cartoons based on the first and second ''[[Super Mario Bros.]]'' games, where the Mario brothers teamed up with [[Princess Peach]] (then known as Princess Toadstool in America) and [[Toad]] to battle [[King Koopa]] (now known as Bowser) and his forces to save the many lands of the mushroom world. The ''Super Mario Bros.'' cartoons were shown on Mondays through Thursdays only; on Fridays, the show would air cartoons based on the animated ''[[Legend of Zelda]]'' series. In 1990, the show was retooled and aired under the name ''Club Mario'', combining the animated segments with new live-action. {{TV-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Super Mario Bros. Super Show, The}} [[Category:1989 American television series debuts]] [[Category:1989 American television series endings]] [[Category:1980s American animated television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] 8kjidsqu2cz1x9a7umhkf31c5ufjj7m 0 975857 10367978 10367251 2025-07-02T17:28:07Z 2001:B07:A3F:43F0:3CE7:48CD:8687:2117 /* Related pages */ 10367978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox painting | image=Umberto Boccioni, Lombard Countryside or Country Symphony, cm. 93 x 140, Lugano Chiattone Collection.jpg | alt=See adjacent text. | image_size=250px | title=The Brook | italic title=yes | other_language_1=Italian | other_title_1=Paesaggio Lombardo | other_language_2=French | other_title_2= | artist=[[Umberto Boccioni]] | year= 1908 | type=[[Oil painting|Oil]] on [[Canvas]] | imperial_unit = in <!-- Note: this parameter must either use the value given or not be included --> | height_imperial= 93 | width_imperial= 140 | city=[[Lugano]] | museum=[[Art Museum of Italian Switzerland]]}} '''Lombard Countryside''' or '''Country Symphony''' (also known as '''''Campagna Lombarda''''' or '''''Paesaggio Lombardo''''') is a 20th-century late filippinism [[painting|painted]] 93 x 140 centimetres in [[oil painting|oil]] by [[Umberto Boccioni]]. It was painted in 1908, in [[Milano]], [[Italy]]. Is in the collection of the [[Art Museum of Italian Switzerland]] in [[Lugano]]. The painting Lombard Countrysid by Boccioni it was inspired by the works of [[Francesco Filippini]], [[The Brook (Filippini)|The Brook]] and [[Mattino di novembre a Ligurno]], and is part of the artistic movement of ''[[Filippinism]] movement''. The painting shows the countryside as seen from the end of [[Via Ripamonti]] in [[Milan]], close to where [[Umberto Boccioni]] often strolled. He lived with his mother at [[Via Adige, Milan|Via Adige 23]], in an area that inspired many of his works and paper sketches. Drawing from the naturalism of [[Francesco Filippini]], Boccioni developed the ideas that eventually led to the birth of [[Futurism]]. == Related pages == * [[The Brook (Filippini)]] * [[Francesco Filippini]] == Other websites == * [https://catalogo.beniculturali.it/detail/HistoricOrArtisticProperty/1800109796 Boccioni, Studio per "Campagna lombarda". paesaggio, Cultural heritage of the Italian government] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Paintings by Umberto Boccioni]] [[Category:1900s paintings]] augrf22nvn3yjnl2pfvq1v4k77nv5ue 0 975969 10368404 9996839 2025-07-02T22:44:47Z Ferien 1011873 Nominated for deletion; see [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/United Kingdom norovirus epidemic]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|doesn't pass GNG - the second line about lockdown isn't about this epidemic, it's about covid, so I feel that's misleading.}} {{Infobox epidemic | name = Norovirus epidemic in the United Kingdom | image = | caption = | arrival_date = July 10, 2021 — April 9, 2022 | disease = [[Norovirus]] | index_case = [[London]] | first_outbreak = [[England]] | virus_strain = Bug norovirus | confirmed_cases = 1,053 | active_cases = 327 | deaths = | location = [[United Kingdom]] | cause = Fever, vomiting, diarrhea | website = }} The '''2021 United Kingdom norovirus epidemic''' was caused in England. More than 154 were infected in [[London]], during the peak of [[COVID-19 pandemic]]-[[SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant|Alpha variant]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/norovirus-outbreaks-increasing-in-england-1#:~:text=Reports%20of%20norovirus%20outbreaks%20in,(week%20commencing%2014%20February) | title=Norovirus outbreaks increasing in England }}</ref> In July 2021, the United Kingdom imposed lockdown to prevent the spreading of virus in the capital. The cases have increased in surge of 5 years later exceeded three times higher than previous viruses.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/norovirus-outbreaks-increasing-in-england | title=Norovirus outbreaks increasing in England }}</ref> ==Cause== It is a type of norovirus that spreads inside a person. It will cause vomiting and diarrhea in patients. It targets the stomach and will cause severe pain.<ref>{{cite journal | pmid=34713915 | year=2022 | last1=Yasmin | first1=F. | last2=Ali | first2=S. H. | last3=Ullah | first3=I. | title=Norovirus outbreak amid COVID-19 in the United Kingdom; priorities for achieving control | journal=Journal of Medical Virology | volume=94 | issue=3 | pages=1232–1235 | doi=10.1002/jmv.27426 | pmc=8662166 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1002/jmv.27426 | title=Norovirus outbreak amid COVID‐19 in the United Kingdom; priorities for achieving control | year=2022 | last1=Yasmin | first1=Farah | last2=Ali | first2=Syed Hasan | last3=Ullah | first3=Irfan | journal=Journal of Medical Virology | volume=94 | issue=3 | pages=1232–1235 | pmid=34713915 | pmc=8662166 }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:21st-century epidemics]] [[Category:2021 in the United Kingdom]] [[Category:2022 in the United Kingdom]] {{UK-stub}} kybvnd2gi724au6yjhrkwevs47qtmy0 0 976000 10367972 10359612 2025-07-02T17:23:28Z 2001:B07:A3F:43F0:3CE7:48CD:8687:2117 10367972 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox painting | image=File:Umberto boccioni, contadino al lavoro, 1908-10, 02.jpg | alt=See adjacent text. | image_size=250px | title=Farmer at work | italic title=yes | other_language_1=Italian | other_title_1=Contadino al lavoro | other_language_2=French | other_title_2= | artist=[[Umberto Boccioni]] | year= 1908-1910 | type=[[Oil painting|Oil]] on [[Canvas]] | imperial_unit = in | height_imperial= 9.8 | width_imperial= 13.8 | city=[[Milano]] | museum=}} '''Farmer at work''' (also known as '''''Contadino al lavoro''''') is a [[painting|painted]] in [[oil painting|oil]] by [[Francesco Filippini]]. It was painted in 1908-1910, in [[Milano]], [[Italy]]. The work is an expression of the Filippinsim movement, which will then turn into futurism. The early works of [[Umberto Boccioni]], created between [[1903]] and [[1907]], derive directly from the [[naturalism (art)|naturalist]] tradition active in [[Lombardy]], particularly in [[Milan]], at the end of the [[19th century]]. Among the most recognizable models is [[Francesco Filippini]], whose paintings were widely exhibited in Milanese artistic circles.<ref>V. Terraroli (ed.), ''Francesco Filippini. Catalogo generale delle opere'', Skira, Milan, 1999.</ref> The horizontal construction of [[agricultural landscape]]s, the use of [[light (art)|atmospheric light]], and the depiction of the [[woman in art|female figure]] in rural and domestic settings—including [[mother portraits]]—show evident continuity with the current known as [[Filippinismo (art movement)|Filippinismo]].<ref>M. Carrà, ''La pittura moderna in Italia'', Treves, Milan, 1919, pp. 34–38.</ref> Art historians today recognize [[Francesco Filippini]] as a decisive source of inspiration in Boccioni’s early pictorial phase, defining his role as an implicit yet structural formative reference in the development of Boccioni’s initial figurative vision.<ref>E. Crispolti, ''Boccioni. Catalogo generale'', Electa, Milan, 1971, vol. I, p. 42.</ref> == Description == ''Farmer at Work'' (Italian: ''Contadino al lavoro'') is a small oil-on-canvas painting by Umberto Boccioni, created circa 1908–1910 during his early Milanese period. The painting portrays a solitary peasant figure working the land, rendered with loose brushwork and atmospheric light, typical of the Lombard naturalist tradition. This work belongs to a cycle of rural scenes developed by Boccioni prior to his Futurist phase. It reflects the influence of late 19th-century Italian naturalism, and in particular, the visual language of Francesco Filippini, whose depictions of agricultural labor and rural women were widely exhibited in Milan during Boccioni’s formative years. The composition emphasizes horizontal layout and tonal modulation, serving as an early example of Boccioni’s exploration of movement, structure, and human presence within landscape—elements he would later radicalize in Futurism. The painting is part of the permanent collection of the [[Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna e Contemporanea]] in Rome.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Umberto_boccioni,_contadino_al_lavoro,_1908-10,_02.jpg |title=Umberto Boccioni, Contadino al lavoro |publisher=Wikimedia Commons |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref> == References == <references /> == Other websites == * [[Francesco Filippini]] * [[Lombard countryside (Boccioni)]] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Paintings by Umberto Boccioni]] [[Category:1900s paintings]] psmf0flgh1sm52f4qzuxw2mta1csjyr 10367977 10367972 2025-07-02T17:27:11Z 2001:B07:A3F:43F0:3CE7:48CD:8687:2117 10367977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox painting | image=File:Umberto boccioni, contadino al lavoro, 1908-10, 02.jpg | alt=See adjacent text. | image_size=250px | title=Farmer at work | italic title=yes | other_language_1=Italian | other_title_1=Contadino al lavoro | other_language_2=French | other_title_2= | artist=[[Umberto Boccioni]] | year= 1910 | type=[[Oil painting|Oil]] on [[Canvas]] | imperial_unit = in | height_imperial= 9.8 | width_imperial= 13.8 | city=[[Milano]] | museum=}} '''Farmer at work''' (also known as '''''Contadino al lavoro''''') is a [[painting|painted]] in [[oil painting|oil]] by [[Francesco Filippini]]. It was painted in 1910, in [[Milano]], [[Italy]]. The work is an expression of the Filippinsim movement, which will then turn into futurism. The early works of [[Umberto Boccioni]], created between [[1903]] and [[1907]], derive directly from the [[naturalism (art)|naturalist]] tradition active in [[Lombardy]], particularly in [[Milan]], at the end of the [[19th century]]. Among the most recognizable models is [[Francesco Filippini]], whose paintings were widely exhibited in Milanese artistic circles.<ref>V. Terraroli (ed.), ''Francesco Filippini. Catalogo generale delle opere'', Skira, Milan, 1999.</ref> The horizontal construction of [[agricultural landscape]]s, the use of [[light (art)|atmospheric light]], and the depiction of the [[woman in art|female figure]] in rural and domestic settings—including [[mother portraits]]—show evident continuity with the current known as [[Filippinismo (art movement)|Filippinismo]].<ref>M. Carrà, ''La pittura moderna in Italia'', Treves, Milan, 1919, pp. 34–38.</ref> Art historians today recognize [[Francesco Filippini]] as a decisive source of inspiration in Boccioni’s early pictorial phase, defining his role as an implicit yet structural formative reference in the development of Boccioni’s initial figurative vision.<ref>E. Crispolti, ''Boccioni. Catalogo generale'', Electa, Milan, 1971, vol. I, p. 42.</ref> == Description == ''Farmer at Work'' (Italian: ''Contadino al lavoro'') is a small oil-on-canvas painting by Umberto Boccioni, created circa 1908–1910 during his early Milanese period. The painting portrays a solitary peasant figure working the land, rendered with loose brushwork and atmospheric light, typical of the Lombard naturalist tradition. The painting shows the countryside as seen from the end of [[Via Ripamonti]] in [[Milan]], close to where [[Umberto Boccioni]] often strolled. He lived with his mother at [[Via Adige, Milan|Via Adige 23]], in an area that inspired many of his works and paper sketches. Drawing from the naturalism of [[Francesco Filippini]], Boccioni developed the ideas that eventually led to the birth of [[Futurism]]. This work belongs to a cycle of rural scenes developed by Boccioni prior to his Futurist phase. It reflects the influence of late 19th-century Italian naturalism, and in particular, the visual language of Francesco Filippini, whose depictions of agricultural labor and rural women were widely exhibited in Milan during Boccioni’s formative years. The composition emphasizes horizontal layout and tonal modulation, serving as an early example of Boccioni’s exploration of movement, structure, and human presence within landscape—elements he would later radicalize in Futurism. The painting is part of the permanent collection of the [[Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna e Contemporanea]] in Rome.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Umberto_boccioni,_contadino_al_lavoro,_1908-10,_02.jpg |title=Umberto Boccioni, Contadino al lavoro |publisher=Wikimedia Commons |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref> == References == <references /> == Other websites == * [[Francesco Filippini]] * [[Lombard countryside (Boccioni)]] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Paintings by Umberto Boccioni]] [[Category:1900s paintings]] pr3wxdl93nrzkyhdoc1io8jxo8ct597 0 976321 10367658 10285986 2025-07-02T13:16:20Z HibariFan01 1550218 /* Former */ 10367658 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Source|date=January 2025}}{{Notability|date=March 2025}}{{Infobox television channel | name = Télétoon| launch_date = {{Start date|1997|09|08}} | picture_format = [[1080i]] [[HDTV]]<br />(downscaled to letterboxed [[480i]] for the SD feed) | owner = Teletoon Canada, Inc. (Corus Entertainment) | country = Canada | language = French<!-- For original broadcast language, not alternative dubbing, SAP, etc. --> | area = Nationwide | headquarters = [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]] | sister_channels = [[Teletoon]]<br />[[Cartoon Network (Canadian TV channel)|Cartoon Network]]<br>[[Adult Swim (Canadian TV channel)|Adult Swim]]<br>[[La Chaîne Disney]] | website = {{url|http://www.teletoon.com/fr|Télétoon}} | availability_note = (channel space shared with Télétoon la nuit) |logo=Télétoon 2014 logo.png}} '''Télétoon''' (styled as TĒLĒTOON) is a [[Canadian French]] language channel is owned by [[Cartoon Network Canada|Teletoon]]. ==Programming== === Current === {| class="wikitable" !French !English |- |''Batwheels'' |''Batwheels'' |- |''Beyblade X'' |''Beyblade X'' |- |''Bugs Bunny Constructeurs'' |''Bugs Bunny Builders'' |- |''Glurp Attack'' |''Grossology'' |- |''La Retenue'' |''Detentionaire'' |- |''Les Sauveteurs du Monde'' |''Rescue Heroes'' |- |''Mysticons'' |''Mysticons'' |- |''Ollie et le Monstrosac'' |''Ollie's Pack'' |- |''[[Pokémon]]'' |''Pokémon'' |- |''[[Rubble & Crew|Ruben et Ci]]'' |''Rubble & Crew'' |- |''Les Simpsons'' |''The Simpsons'' |} === Former === {| class="wikitable" !French !English |- |''Les Trois Amigonautes'' |''Three Amigonauts'' |- |''Acier Max'' |''Max Steel'' |- |''Alien Bazar'' |''Pet Alien'' |- |''Angela Ballerine'' |''Angela Ballerina'' |- |''Angelina Anaconda'' |''Angelina Anaconda'' |- |''Angry Birds Toons'' |''Angry Birds Toons'' |- |''Aqua Kids'' |''Aqua Kids'' |- |''Attention Fantômes'' |''Phantom Investigators'' |- |''[[Ben 10]]'' |''Ben 10'' |- |''Bob et Scott'' |''Bob and Scott'' |- |''[[Bolt & Blip|Blip et Boulon]]'' |''Bolt and Blip'' |- |''Boni'' |''Boni'' |- |''Boule et Bill'' |''Bill and Buddy'' |- |''Black Butler'' |''Black Butler'' |- |''[[Bratz]]'' |''Bratz'' |- |''Bric-a-bracs'' |''Home Things'' |- |''Budgie Le Petit Hélicoptère'' |''Budgie The Little Helicopter'' |- |''Bunnicula'' |''Bunnicula'' |- |''[[Camp LakeBottom|Camp Marécage]]'' |''Camp LakeBottom'' |- |''[[Catscratch|Chadébloc]]'' |''Catscratch'' |- |''Chair de Poule'' |''Goosebumps'' |- |''Chasseurs de Dragons'' |''Dragon Hunters'' |- |''Chasseur de Fantômes Êxtremes'' |''Extreme Ghostbusters'' |- |''Coconut Fred'' |''Coconut Fred's Fruit Salad Island!'' |- |''Code Lyoko'' |''Code Lyoko'' |- |''Corneil et Bernie'' |''Corneil and Bernie'' |- |''Copains de Compagnie'' |''Pet Pals'' |- |''Creepschool'' |''Creepschool'' |- |''Crypte Show'' |''New Tales from the Cryptkeeper'' |- |''[[Cyberchase|Cybermatt]]'' |''Cyberchase'' |- |''Danny et Daddy'' |''Danny and Daddy'' |- |''Digimon'' |''Digimon'' |- |''[[Dinofroz]]'' |''Dinofroz'' |- |''[[Marvin the Tap-Dancing Horse|Édouard et Martin]]'' |''Marvin the Tap-Dancing Horse'' |- |''L'École des petits Vampires'' |''School of little Vampires'' |- |''Escargolympiques'' |''Snailympics'' |- |''Esprit Fantômes'' |- |''Le Bus Magique'' |''The Magic School Bus '' |- |''Les voyages de Balthazar'' |''Ethelbert the Tiger'' |- |''Ferme des Monstres'' |''Monster Farm'' |- |''[[Pippi Longstocking|Fifi Brindacier]]'' |''Pippi Longstocking'' |- |''Flipper et Lopaka'' |''Flipper and Lopaka'' |- |''Fred des Cavernes'' |''Fred the Caveman'' |- |''George de la Jungle'' |''George of the Jungle'' |- |''Gribouille'' |''Doodlez'' |- |''Hamtaro'' |''Hamtaro'' |- |''[[Katekyo Hitman Reborn|Hitman Reborn]]'' |''Katekyo Hitman Reborn'' |- |''Horseland: Bienvenue Au Ranch'' |''Horseland'' |- |''Ippo le Challenger'' |''Hajime no Ippo'' |- |''Insektors'' |''Insektors'' |- |''Jack et Marcel'' |''Jack and Marcel'' |- |''[[Jimmy Two-Shoes|Jimmy L'intrépide]]'' |''Jimmy Two-Shoes'' |- |''Johnny Test'' |''Johnny Test'' |- |''Kappa Mikey'' |''Kappy Mikey'' |- |''Kong: La Série Animé'' |''Kong: The Animated Series'' |- |''La Boucle Infernale'' |''Looped'' |- |''Le petit Amadeus'' |''Little Amadeus'' |- |''Les Babalous'' |''The Babaloos'' |- |''Les Bizardos'' |''Funnybones'' |- |''Les Contes du Cimetière'' |''Tales from St-Patrick's Graveyard'' |- |''Les Marchiens'' |''Nick and Perry'' |- |''Les Nouvelles Aventures de Lucky Luke'' |''The New Adventures of Lucky Luke'' |- |''Les Razmoket'' |''Rugrats'' |- |''Les Sauveteurs du Monde'' |''Rescue Heroes'' |- |''Les Supers Nanas'' |''The Powerpuff Girls'' |- |''Les Têtes à Claques'' |- |''Les Tortues Ninjas'' |''Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles'' |- |''Méga Bébés'' |''Mega Babies'' |- |''Meg et Mog'' |''Meg and Mog'' |- |''Mes Parrains Magiques'' |''The Fairly Oddparents'' |- |''Minus et Cortex'' |''Pinky and the Brain'' |- |''[[Mona the Vampire|Mona le Vampire]]'' |''Mona the Vampire'' |- |''[[Brady's Beasts|Monstres En Série]]'' |''Brady's Beasts'' |- |''Naruto'' |''Naruto'' |- |''Nom de code: KND'' |''Codename Kids Next Door'' |- |''[[Make Way for Noddy|Oui-Oui]]'' |''Make Way for Noddy'' |- |''Pablo le petit renard roux'' |''Pablo the little red fox'' |- |''Patrouille 03'' |''Patrol 03'' |- |''Porc Cité'' |''Pig City'' |- |''Pingu'' |''Pingu'' |- |''Planète Sketch'' |''Planet Sketch'' |- |''Pucca'' |''Pucca'' |- |''Ocha-Ken'' |''Ocha-Ken'' |- |''Quoi D'neuf Scooby-Doo?'' |''What's new Scooby-Doo?'' |- |''Rien que des Monstres'' |''Nothing but Monsters'' |- |''RoboBlatte'' |''RoboRoach'' |- |''Sakura Chasseuse de Cartes'' |''Cardcaptor Sakura'' |- |''[[Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat|Sagwa]]'' |''Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat'' |- |''Shaun le Mouton'' |''Shaun the Sheep'' |- |''Skyland'' |''Skyland'' |- |''Sonic le Rebelle'' |''Sonic Underground'' |- |''SOS Croco'' |''SOS Croco'' |- |''[[Braceface|Sourire d'enfer]]'' |''Braceface'' |- |''Un Écureuil chez moi'' |''Squirrel Boy'' |- |''Wounchpounch'' |''Wunschpunsch'' |- |''Zim l'envahisseur'' |''Invader Zim'' |} === Movies === {| class="wikitable" !French !English |- |''Batman: Le Retour du Chevalier Noir'' |''Batman: The Dark Knight Returns'' |- |''Green Lantern: Méfiez-Vous de mon Pouvoir'' |''Green Lantern: Beware my Power'' |- |''Justice League: Le Throne de L'Atlantis'' |''Justice League: Throne of Atlantis'' |- |''King Tweety'' |''King Tweety'' |} ==Other websites== * {{Official website|http://www.teletoon.com/fr}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Teletoon}} [[Category:1997 establishments in Canada]] [[Category:Canadian television channels]] {{tv-stub}} eilj92cj511nakvikvf5rbgyxaklrgu 10367673 10367658 2025-07-02T13:25:30Z HibariFan01 1550218 /* Current */ 10367673 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Source|date=January 2025}}{{Notability|date=March 2025}}{{Infobox television channel | name = Télétoon| launch_date = {{Start date|1997|09|08}} | picture_format = [[1080i]] [[HDTV]]<br />(downscaled to letterboxed [[480i]] for the SD feed) | owner = Teletoon Canada, Inc. (Corus Entertainment) | country = Canada | language = French<!-- For original broadcast language, not alternative dubbing, SAP, etc. --> | area = Nationwide | headquarters = [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]] | sister_channels = [[Teletoon]]<br />[[Cartoon Network (Canadian TV channel)|Cartoon Network]]<br>[[Adult Swim (Canadian TV channel)|Adult Swim]]<br>[[La Chaîne Disney]] | website = {{url|http://www.teletoon.com/fr|Télétoon}} | availability_note = (channel space shared with Télétoon la nuit) |logo=Télétoon 2014 logo.png}} '''Télétoon''' (styled as TĒLĒTOON) is a [[Canadian French]] language channel is owned by [[Cartoon Network Canada|Teletoon]]. ==Programming== === Current === {| class="wikitable" !French !English |- |''Batwheels'' |''Batwheels'' |- |''Beyblade X'' |''Beyblade X'' |- |''Bugs Bunny Constructeurs'' |''Bugs Bunny Builders'' |- |''Changelin, le Jeune Loup Solitaire'' |''Beast Boy: The Lone Wolf'' |- |''Glurp Attack'' |''Grossology'' |- |''Gremlins: Secret des Mogwai'' |''Gremlins: Srecret of the Mogwai'' |- |''L'Ile des Défis Extrêmes'' |''Total Drama Island'' |- |''La Retenue'' |''Detentionaire'' |- |''Mes Aventures avec Superman'' |''My Adventures With Superman'' |- |''Mysticons'' |''Mysticons'' |- |''Ollie et le Monstrosac'' |''Ollie's Pack'' |- |''[[Pokémon]]'' |''Pokémon'' |- |''[[Rubble & Crew|Ruben et Ci]]'' |''Rubble & Crew'' |- |''Les Simpsons'' |''The Simpsons'' |- |-Super Académie |''Sidekick'' |-''Tiny Toons Looniversité'' |''Tiny Toons Looniversity'' |} === Former === {| class="wikitable" !French !English |- |''Les Trois Amigonautes'' |''Three Amigonauts'' |- |''Acier Max'' |''Max Steel'' |- |''Alien Bazar'' |''Pet Alien'' |- |''Angela Ballerine'' |''Angela Ballerina'' |- |''Angelina Anaconda'' |''Angelina Anaconda'' |- |''Angry Birds Toons'' |''Angry Birds Toons'' |- |''Aqua Kids'' |''Aqua Kids'' |- |''Attention Fantômes'' |''Phantom Investigators'' |- |''[[Ben 10]]'' |''Ben 10'' |- |''Bob et Scott'' |''Bob and Scott'' |- |''[[Bolt & Blip|Blip et Boulon]]'' |''Bolt and Blip'' |- |''Boni'' |''Boni'' |- |''Boule et Bill'' |''Bill and Buddy'' |- |''Black Butler'' |''Black Butler'' |- |''[[Bratz]]'' |''Bratz'' |- |''Bric-a-bracs'' |''Home Things'' |- |''Budgie Le Petit Hélicoptère'' |''Budgie The Little Helicopter'' |- |''Bunnicula'' |''Bunnicula'' |- |''[[Camp LakeBottom|Camp Marécage]]'' |''Camp LakeBottom'' |- |''[[Catscratch|Chadébloc]]'' |''Catscratch'' |- |''Chair de Poule'' |''Goosebumps'' |- |''Chasseurs de Dragons'' |''Dragon Hunters'' |- |''Chasseur de Fantômes Êxtremes'' |''Extreme Ghostbusters'' |- |''Coconut Fred'' |''Coconut Fred's Fruit Salad Island!'' |- |''Code Lyoko'' |''Code Lyoko'' |- |''Corneil et Bernie'' |''Corneil and Bernie'' |- |''Copains de Compagnie'' |''Pet Pals'' |- |''Creepschool'' |''Creepschool'' |- |''Crypte Show'' |''New Tales from the Cryptkeeper'' |- |''[[Cyberchase|Cybermatt]]'' |''Cyberchase'' |- |''Danny et Daddy'' |''Danny and Daddy'' |- |''Digimon'' |''Digimon'' |- |''[[Dinofroz]]'' |''Dinofroz'' |- |''[[Marvin the Tap-Dancing Horse|Édouard et Martin]]'' |''Marvin the Tap-Dancing Horse'' |- |''L'École des petits Vampires'' |''School of little Vampires'' |- |''Escargolympiques'' |''Snailympics'' |- |''Esprit Fantômes'' |- |''Le Bus Magique'' |''The Magic School Bus '' |- |''Les voyages de Balthazar'' |''Ethelbert the Tiger'' |- |''Ferme des Monstres'' |''Monster Farm'' |- |''[[Pippi Longstocking|Fifi Brindacier]]'' |''Pippi Longstocking'' |- |''Flipper et Lopaka'' |''Flipper and Lopaka'' |- |''Fred des Cavernes'' |''Fred the Caveman'' |- |''George de la Jungle'' |''George of the Jungle'' |- |''Gribouille'' |''Doodlez'' |- |''Hamtaro'' |''Hamtaro'' |- |''[[Katekyo Hitman Reborn|Hitman Reborn]]'' |''Katekyo Hitman Reborn'' |- |''Horseland: Bienvenue Au Ranch'' |''Horseland'' |- |''Ippo le Challenger'' |''Hajime no Ippo'' |- |''Insektors'' |''Insektors'' |- |''Jack et Marcel'' |''Jack and Marcel'' |- |''[[Jimmy Two-Shoes|Jimmy L'intrépide]]'' |''Jimmy Two-Shoes'' |- |''Johnny Test'' |''Johnny Test'' |- |''Kappa Mikey'' |''Kappy Mikey'' |- |''Kong: La Série Animé'' |''Kong: The Animated Series'' |- |''La Boucle Infernale'' |''Looped'' |- |''Le petit Amadeus'' |''Little Amadeus'' |- |''Les Babalous'' |''The Babaloos'' |- |''Les Bizardos'' |''Funnybones'' |- |''Les Contes du Cimetière'' |''Tales from St-Patrick's Graveyard'' |- |''Les Marchiens'' |''Nick and Perry'' |- |''Les Nouvelles Aventures de Lucky Luke'' |''The New Adventures of Lucky Luke'' |- |''Les Razmoket'' |''Rugrats'' |- |''Les Sauveteurs du Monde'' |''Rescue Heroes'' |- |''Les Supers Nanas'' |''The Powerpuff Girls'' |- |''Les Têtes à Claques'' |- |''Les Tortues Ninjas'' |''Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles'' |- |''Méga Bébés'' |''Mega Babies'' |- |''Meg et Mog'' |''Meg and Mog'' |- |''Mes Parrains Magiques'' |''The Fairly Oddparents'' |- |''Minus et Cortex'' |''Pinky and the Brain'' |- |''[[Mona the Vampire|Mona le Vampire]]'' |''Mona the Vampire'' |- |''[[Brady's Beasts|Monstres En Série]]'' |''Brady's Beasts'' |- |''Naruto'' |''Naruto'' |- |''Nom de code: KND'' |''Codename Kids Next Door'' |- |''[[Make Way for Noddy|Oui-Oui]]'' |''Make Way for Noddy'' |- |''Pablo le petit renard roux'' |''Pablo the little red fox'' |- |''Patrouille 03'' |''Patrol 03'' |- |''Porc Cité'' |''Pig City'' |- |''Pingu'' |''Pingu'' |- |''Planète Sketch'' |''Planet Sketch'' |- |''Pucca'' |''Pucca'' |- |''Ocha-Ken'' |''Ocha-Ken'' |- |''Quoi D'neuf Scooby-Doo?'' |''What's new Scooby-Doo?'' |- |''Rien que des Monstres'' |''Nothing but Monsters'' |- |''RoboBlatte'' |''RoboRoach'' |- |''Sakura Chasseuse de Cartes'' |''Cardcaptor Sakura'' |- |''[[Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat|Sagwa]]'' |''Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat'' |- |''Shaun le Mouton'' |''Shaun the Sheep'' |- |''Skyland'' |''Skyland'' |- |''Sonic le Rebelle'' |''Sonic Underground'' |- |''SOS Croco'' |''SOS Croco'' |- |''[[Braceface|Sourire d'enfer]]'' |''Braceface'' |- |''Un Écureuil chez moi'' |''Squirrel Boy'' |- |''Wounchpounch'' |''Wunschpunsch'' |- |''Zim l'envahisseur'' |''Invader Zim'' |} === Movies === {| class="wikitable" !French !English |- |''Batman: Le Retour du Chevalier Noir'' |''Batman: The Dark Knight Returns'' |- |''Green Lantern: Méfiez-Vous de mon Pouvoir'' |''Green Lantern: Beware my Power'' |- |''Justice League: Le Throne de L'Atlantis'' |''Justice League: Throne of Atlantis'' |- |''King Tweety'' |''King Tweety'' |} ==Other websites== * {{Official website|http://www.teletoon.com/fr}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Teletoon}} [[Category:1997 establishments in Canada]] [[Category:Canadian television channels]] {{tv-stub}} e22vxl51408elzueytbvs1b8h85grvo 10367674 10367673 2025-07-02T13:26:02Z HibariFan01 1550218 /* Current */ 10367674 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Source|date=January 2025}}{{Notability|date=March 2025}}{{Infobox television channel | name = Télétoon| launch_date = {{Start date|1997|09|08}} | picture_format = [[1080i]] [[HDTV]]<br />(downscaled to letterboxed [[480i]] for the SD feed) | owner = Teletoon Canada, Inc. (Corus Entertainment) | country = Canada | language = French<!-- For original broadcast language, not alternative dubbing, SAP, etc. --> | area = Nationwide | headquarters = [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]] | sister_channels = [[Teletoon]]<br />[[Cartoon Network (Canadian TV channel)|Cartoon Network]]<br>[[Adult Swim (Canadian TV channel)|Adult Swim]]<br>[[La Chaîne Disney]] | website = {{url|http://www.teletoon.com/fr|Télétoon}} | availability_note = (channel space shared with Télétoon la nuit) |logo=Télétoon 2014 logo.png}} '''Télétoon''' (styled as TĒLĒTOON) is a [[Canadian French]] language channel is owned by [[Cartoon Network Canada|Teletoon]]. ==Programming== === Current === {| class="wikitable" !French !English |- |''Batwheels'' |''Batwheels'' |- |''Beyblade X'' |''Beyblade X'' |- |''Bugs Bunny Constructeurs'' |''Bugs Bunny Builders'' |- |''Changelin, le Jeune Loup Solitaire'' |''Beast Boy: The Lone Wolf'' |- |''Glurp Attack'' |''Grossology'' |- |''Gremlins: Secret des Mogwai'' |''Gremlins: Secret of the Mogwai'' |- |''L'Ile des Défis Extrêmes'' |''Total Drama Island'' |- |''La Retenue'' |''Detentionaire'' |- |''Mes Aventures avec Superman'' |''My Adventures With Superman'' |- |''Mysticons'' |''Mysticons'' |- |''Ollie et le Monstrosac'' |''Ollie's Pack'' |- |''[[Pokémon]]'' |''Pokémon'' |- |''[[Rubble & Crew|Ruben et Ci]]'' |''Rubble & Crew'' |- |''Les Simpsons'' |''The Simpsons'' |- |-Super Académie |''Sidekick'' |-''Tiny Toons Looniversité'' |''Tiny Toons Looniversity'' |} === Former === {| class="wikitable" !French !English |- |''Les Trois Amigonautes'' |''Three Amigonauts'' |- |''Acier Max'' |''Max Steel'' |- |''Alien Bazar'' |''Pet Alien'' |- |''Angela Ballerine'' |''Angela Ballerina'' |- |''Angelina Anaconda'' |''Angelina Anaconda'' |- |''Angry Birds Toons'' |''Angry Birds Toons'' |- |''Aqua Kids'' |''Aqua Kids'' |- |''Attention Fantômes'' |''Phantom Investigators'' |- |''[[Ben 10]]'' |''Ben 10'' |- |''Bob et Scott'' |''Bob and Scott'' |- |''[[Bolt & Blip|Blip et Boulon]]'' |''Bolt and Blip'' |- |''Boni'' |''Boni'' |- |''Boule et Bill'' |''Bill and Buddy'' |- |''Black Butler'' |''Black Butler'' |- |''[[Bratz]]'' |''Bratz'' |- |''Bric-a-bracs'' |''Home Things'' |- |''Budgie Le Petit Hélicoptère'' |''Budgie The Little Helicopter'' |- |''Bunnicula'' |''Bunnicula'' |- |''[[Camp LakeBottom|Camp Marécage]]'' |''Camp LakeBottom'' |- |''[[Catscratch|Chadébloc]]'' |''Catscratch'' |- |''Chair de Poule'' |''Goosebumps'' |- |''Chasseurs de Dragons'' |''Dragon Hunters'' |- |''Chasseur de Fantômes Êxtremes'' |''Extreme Ghostbusters'' |- |''Coconut Fred'' |''Coconut Fred's Fruit Salad Island!'' |- |''Code Lyoko'' |''Code Lyoko'' |- |''Corneil et Bernie'' |''Corneil and Bernie'' |- |''Copains de Compagnie'' |''Pet Pals'' |- |''Creepschool'' |''Creepschool'' |- |''Crypte Show'' |''New Tales from the Cryptkeeper'' |- |''[[Cyberchase|Cybermatt]]'' |''Cyberchase'' |- |''Danny et Daddy'' |''Danny and Daddy'' |- |''Digimon'' |''Digimon'' |- |''[[Dinofroz]]'' |''Dinofroz'' |- |''[[Marvin the Tap-Dancing Horse|Édouard et Martin]]'' |''Marvin the Tap-Dancing Horse'' |- |''L'École des petits Vampires'' |''School of little Vampires'' |- |''Escargolympiques'' |''Snailympics'' |- |''Esprit Fantômes'' |- |''Le Bus Magique'' |''The Magic School Bus '' |- |''Les voyages de Balthazar'' |''Ethelbert the Tiger'' |- |''Ferme des Monstres'' |''Monster Farm'' |- |''[[Pippi Longstocking|Fifi Brindacier]]'' |''Pippi Longstocking'' |- |''Flipper et Lopaka'' |''Flipper and Lopaka'' |- |''Fred des Cavernes'' |''Fred the Caveman'' |- |''George de la Jungle'' |''George of the Jungle'' |- |''Gribouille'' |''Doodlez'' |- |''Hamtaro'' |''Hamtaro'' |- |''[[Katekyo Hitman Reborn|Hitman Reborn]]'' |''Katekyo Hitman Reborn'' |- |''Horseland: Bienvenue Au Ranch'' |''Horseland'' |- |''Ippo le Challenger'' |''Hajime no Ippo'' |- |''Insektors'' |''Insektors'' |- |''Jack et Marcel'' |''Jack and Marcel'' |- |''[[Jimmy Two-Shoes|Jimmy L'intrépide]]'' |''Jimmy Two-Shoes'' |- |''Johnny Test'' |''Johnny Test'' |- |''Kappa Mikey'' |''Kappy Mikey'' |- |''Kong: La Série Animé'' |''Kong: The Animated Series'' |- |''La Boucle Infernale'' |''Looped'' |- |''Le petit Amadeus'' |''Little Amadeus'' |- |''Les Babalous'' |''The Babaloos'' |- |''Les Bizardos'' |''Funnybones'' |- |''Les Contes du Cimetière'' |''Tales from St-Patrick's Graveyard'' |- |''Les Marchiens'' |''Nick and Perry'' |- |''Les Nouvelles Aventures de Lucky Luke'' |''The New Adventures of Lucky Luke'' |- |''Les Razmoket'' |''Rugrats'' |- |''Les Sauveteurs du Monde'' |''Rescue Heroes'' |- |''Les Supers Nanas'' |''The Powerpuff Girls'' |- |''Les Têtes à Claques'' |- |''Les Tortues Ninjas'' |''Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles'' |- |''Méga Bébés'' |''Mega Babies'' |- |''Meg et Mog'' |''Meg and Mog'' |- |''Mes Parrains Magiques'' |''The Fairly Oddparents'' |- |''Minus et Cortex'' |''Pinky and the Brain'' |- |''[[Mona the Vampire|Mona le Vampire]]'' |''Mona the Vampire'' |- |''[[Brady's Beasts|Monstres En Série]]'' |''Brady's Beasts'' |- |''Naruto'' |''Naruto'' |- |''Nom de code: KND'' |''Codename Kids Next Door'' |- |''[[Make Way for Noddy|Oui-Oui]]'' |''Make Way for Noddy'' |- |''Pablo le petit renard roux'' |''Pablo the little red fox'' |- |''Patrouille 03'' |''Patrol 03'' |- |''Porc Cité'' |''Pig City'' |- |''Pingu'' |''Pingu'' |- |''Planète Sketch'' |''Planet Sketch'' |- |''Pucca'' |''Pucca'' |- |''Ocha-Ken'' |''Ocha-Ken'' |- |''Quoi D'neuf Scooby-Doo?'' |''What's new Scooby-Doo?'' |- |''Rien que des Monstres'' |''Nothing but Monsters'' |- |''RoboBlatte'' |''RoboRoach'' |- |''Sakura Chasseuse de Cartes'' |''Cardcaptor Sakura'' |- |''[[Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat|Sagwa]]'' |''Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat'' |- |''Shaun le Mouton'' |''Shaun the Sheep'' |- |''Skyland'' |''Skyland'' |- |''Sonic le Rebelle'' |''Sonic Underground'' |- |''SOS Croco'' |''SOS Croco'' |- |''[[Braceface|Sourire d'enfer]]'' |''Braceface'' |- |''Un Écureuil chez moi'' |''Squirrel Boy'' |- |''Wounchpounch'' |''Wunschpunsch'' |- |''Zim l'envahisseur'' |''Invader Zim'' |} === Movies === {| class="wikitable" !French !English |- |''Batman: Le Retour du Chevalier Noir'' |''Batman: The Dark Knight Returns'' |- |''Green Lantern: Méfiez-Vous de mon Pouvoir'' |''Green Lantern: Beware my Power'' |- |''Justice League: Le Throne de L'Atlantis'' |''Justice League: Throne of Atlantis'' |- |''King Tweety'' |''King Tweety'' |} ==Other websites== * {{Official website|http://www.teletoon.com/fr}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Teletoon}} [[Category:1997 establishments in Canada]] [[Category:Canadian television channels]] {{tv-stub}} a1letjw20hi7ou5mkasgc7h2m5ah5nm 10367675 10367674 2025-07-02T13:26:38Z HibariFan01 1550218 /* Current */ 10367675 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Source|date=January 2025}}{{Notability|date=March 2025}}{{Infobox television channel | name = Télétoon| launch_date = {{Start date|1997|09|08}} | picture_format = [[1080i]] [[HDTV]]<br />(downscaled to letterboxed [[480i]] for the SD feed) | owner = Teletoon Canada, Inc. (Corus Entertainment) | country = Canada | language = French<!-- For original broadcast language, not alternative dubbing, SAP, etc. --> | area = Nationwide | headquarters = [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]] | sister_channels = [[Teletoon]]<br />[[Cartoon Network (Canadian TV channel)|Cartoon Network]]<br>[[Adult Swim (Canadian TV channel)|Adult Swim]]<br>[[La Chaîne Disney]] | website = {{url|http://www.teletoon.com/fr|Télétoon}} | availability_note = (channel space shared with Télétoon la nuit) |logo=Télétoon 2014 logo.png}} '''Télétoon''' (styled as TĒLĒTOON) is a [[Canadian French]] language channel is owned by [[Cartoon Network Canada|Teletoon]]. ==Programming== === Current === {| class="wikitable" !French !English |- |''Batwheels'' |''Batwheels'' |- |''Beyblade X'' |''Beyblade X'' |- |''Bugs Bunny Constructeurs'' |''Bugs Bunny Builders'' |- |''Changelin, le Jeune Loup Solitaire'' |''Beast Boy: The Lone Wolf'' |- |''Glurp Attack'' |''Grossology'' |- |''Gremlins: Secret des Mogwai'' |''Gremlins: Secret of the Mogwai'' |- |''L'Ile des Défis Extrêmes'' |''Total Drama Island'' |- |''La Retenue'' |''Detentionaire'' |- |''Mes Aventures avec Superman'' |''My Adventures With Superman'' |- |''Mysticons'' |''Mysticons'' |- |''Ollie et le Monstrosac'' |''Ollie's Pack'' |- |''[[Pokémon]]'' |''Pokémon'' |- |''[[Rubble & Crew|Ruben et Ci]]'' |''Rubble & Crew'' |- |''Les Simpsons'' |''The Simpsons'' |- |-Super Académie |''Sidekick'' |- |-''Tiny Toons Looniversité'' |''Tiny Toons Looniversity'' |} === Former === {| class="wikitable" !French !English |- |''Les Trois Amigonautes'' |''Three Amigonauts'' |- |''Acier Max'' |''Max Steel'' |- |''Alien Bazar'' |''Pet Alien'' |- |''Angela Ballerine'' |''Angela Ballerina'' |- |''Angelina Anaconda'' |''Angelina Anaconda'' |- |''Angry Birds Toons'' |''Angry Birds Toons'' |- |''Aqua Kids'' |''Aqua Kids'' |- |''Attention Fantômes'' |''Phantom Investigators'' |- |''[[Ben 10]]'' |''Ben 10'' |- |''Bob et Scott'' |''Bob and Scott'' |- |''[[Bolt & Blip|Blip et Boulon]]'' |''Bolt and Blip'' |- |''Boni'' |''Boni'' |- |''Boule et Bill'' |''Bill and Buddy'' |- |''Black Butler'' |''Black Butler'' |- |''[[Bratz]]'' |''Bratz'' |- |''Bric-a-bracs'' |''Home Things'' |- |''Budgie Le Petit Hélicoptère'' |''Budgie The Little Helicopter'' |- |''Bunnicula'' |''Bunnicula'' |- |''[[Camp LakeBottom|Camp Marécage]]'' |''Camp LakeBottom'' |- |''[[Catscratch|Chadébloc]]'' |''Catscratch'' |- |''Chair de Poule'' |''Goosebumps'' |- |''Chasseurs de Dragons'' |''Dragon Hunters'' |- |''Chasseur de Fantômes Êxtremes'' |''Extreme Ghostbusters'' |- |''Coconut Fred'' |''Coconut Fred's Fruit Salad Island!'' |- |''Code Lyoko'' |''Code Lyoko'' |- |''Corneil et Bernie'' |''Corneil and Bernie'' |- |''Copains de Compagnie'' |''Pet Pals'' |- |''Creepschool'' |''Creepschool'' |- |''Crypte Show'' |''New Tales from the Cryptkeeper'' |- |''[[Cyberchase|Cybermatt]]'' |''Cyberchase'' |- |''Danny et Daddy'' |''Danny and Daddy'' |- |''Digimon'' |''Digimon'' |- |''[[Dinofroz]]'' |''Dinofroz'' |- |''[[Marvin the Tap-Dancing Horse|Édouard et Martin]]'' |''Marvin the Tap-Dancing Horse'' |- |''L'École des petits Vampires'' |''School of little Vampires'' |- |''Escargolympiques'' |''Snailympics'' |- |''Esprit Fantômes'' |- |''Le Bus Magique'' |''The Magic School Bus '' |- |''Les voyages de Balthazar'' |''Ethelbert the Tiger'' |- |''Ferme des Monstres'' |''Monster Farm'' |- |''[[Pippi Longstocking|Fifi Brindacier]]'' |''Pippi Longstocking'' |- |''Flipper et Lopaka'' |''Flipper and Lopaka'' |- |''Fred des Cavernes'' |''Fred the Caveman'' |- |''George de la Jungle'' |''George of the Jungle'' |- |''Gribouille'' |''Doodlez'' |- |''Hamtaro'' |''Hamtaro'' |- |''[[Katekyo Hitman Reborn|Hitman Reborn]]'' |''Katekyo Hitman Reborn'' |- |''Horseland: Bienvenue Au Ranch'' |''Horseland'' |- |''Ippo le Challenger'' |''Hajime no Ippo'' |- |''Insektors'' |''Insektors'' |- |''Jack et Marcel'' |''Jack and Marcel'' |- |''[[Jimmy Two-Shoes|Jimmy L'intrépide]]'' |''Jimmy Two-Shoes'' |- |''Johnny Test'' |''Johnny Test'' |- |''Kappa Mikey'' |''Kappy Mikey'' |- |''Kong: La Série Animé'' |''Kong: The Animated Series'' |- |''La Boucle Infernale'' |''Looped'' |- |''Le petit Amadeus'' |''Little Amadeus'' |- |''Les Babalous'' |''The Babaloos'' |- |''Les Bizardos'' |''Funnybones'' |- |''Les Contes du Cimetière'' |''Tales from St-Patrick's Graveyard'' |- |''Les Marchiens'' |''Nick and Perry'' |- |''Les Nouvelles Aventures de Lucky Luke'' |''The New Adventures of Lucky Luke'' |- |''Les Razmoket'' |''Rugrats'' |- |''Les Sauveteurs du Monde'' |''Rescue Heroes'' |- |''Les Supers Nanas'' |''The Powerpuff Girls'' |- |''Les Têtes à Claques'' |- |''Les Tortues Ninjas'' |''Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles'' |- |''Méga Bébés'' |''Mega Babies'' |- |''Meg et Mog'' |''Meg and Mog'' |- |''Mes Parrains Magiques'' |''The Fairly Oddparents'' |- |''Minus et Cortex'' |''Pinky and the Brain'' |- |''[[Mona the Vampire|Mona le Vampire]]'' |''Mona the Vampire'' |- |''[[Brady's Beasts|Monstres En Série]]'' |''Brady's Beasts'' |- |''Naruto'' |''Naruto'' |- |''Nom de code: KND'' |''Codename Kids Next Door'' |- |''[[Make Way for Noddy|Oui-Oui]]'' |''Make Way for Noddy'' |- |''Pablo le petit renard roux'' |''Pablo the little red fox'' |- |''Patrouille 03'' |''Patrol 03'' |- |''Porc Cité'' |''Pig City'' |- |''Pingu'' |''Pingu'' |- |''Planète Sketch'' |''Planet Sketch'' |- |''Pucca'' |''Pucca'' |- |''Ocha-Ken'' |''Ocha-Ken'' |- |''Quoi D'neuf Scooby-Doo?'' |''What's new Scooby-Doo?'' |- |''Rien que des Monstres'' |''Nothing but Monsters'' |- |''RoboBlatte'' |''RoboRoach'' |- |''Sakura Chasseuse de Cartes'' |''Cardcaptor Sakura'' |- |''[[Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat|Sagwa]]'' |''Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat'' |- |''Shaun le Mouton'' |''Shaun the Sheep'' |- |''Skyland'' |''Skyland'' |- |''Sonic le Rebelle'' |''Sonic Underground'' |- |''SOS Croco'' |''SOS Croco'' |- |''[[Braceface|Sourire d'enfer]]'' |''Braceface'' |- |''Un Écureuil chez moi'' |''Squirrel Boy'' |- |''Wounchpounch'' |''Wunschpunsch'' |- |''Zim l'envahisseur'' |''Invader Zim'' |} === Movies === {| class="wikitable" !French !English |- |''Batman: Le Retour du Chevalier Noir'' |''Batman: The Dark Knight Returns'' |- |''Green Lantern: Méfiez-Vous de mon Pouvoir'' |''Green Lantern: Beware my Power'' |- |''Justice League: Le Throne de L'Atlantis'' |''Justice League: Throne of Atlantis'' |- |''King Tweety'' |''King Tweety'' |} ==Other websites== * {{Official website|http://www.teletoon.com/fr}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Teletoon}} [[Category:1997 establishments in Canada]] [[Category:Canadian television channels]] {{tv-stub}} 5ddoli7enfg5zbvoifj4r2mot745w1k 10367679 10367675 2025-07-02T13:27:05Z HibariFan01 1550218 /* Current */ 10367679 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Source|date=January 2025}}{{Notability|date=March 2025}}{{Infobox television channel | name = Télétoon| launch_date = {{Start date|1997|09|08}} | picture_format = [[1080i]] [[HDTV]]<br />(downscaled to letterboxed [[480i]] for the SD feed) | owner = Teletoon Canada, Inc. (Corus Entertainment) | country = Canada | language = French<!-- For original broadcast language, not alternative dubbing, SAP, etc. --> | area = Nationwide | headquarters = [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]] | sister_channels = [[Teletoon]]<br />[[Cartoon Network (Canadian TV channel)|Cartoon Network]]<br>[[Adult Swim (Canadian TV channel)|Adult Swim]]<br>[[La Chaîne Disney]] | website = {{url|http://www.teletoon.com/fr|Télétoon}} | availability_note = (channel space shared with Télétoon la nuit) |logo=Télétoon 2014 logo.png}} '''Télétoon''' (styled as TĒLĒTOON) is a [[Canadian French]] language channel is owned by [[Cartoon Network Canada|Teletoon]]. ==Programming== === Current === {| class="wikitable" !French !English |- |''Batwheels'' |''Batwheels'' |- |''Beyblade X'' |''Beyblade X'' |- |''Bugs Bunny Constructeurs'' |''Bugs Bunny Builders'' |- |''Changelin, le Jeune Loup Solitaire'' |''Beast Boy: The Lone Wolf'' |- |''Glurp Attack'' |''Grossology'' |- |''Gremlins: Secret des Mogwai'' |''Gremlins: Secret of the Mogwai'' |- |''L'Ile des Défis Extrêmes'' |''Total Drama Island'' |- |''La Retenue'' |''Detentionaire'' |- |''Mes Aventures avec Superman'' |''My Adventures With Superman'' |- |''Mysticons'' |''Mysticons'' |- |''Ollie et le Monstrosac'' |''Ollie's Pack'' |- |''[[Pokémon]]'' |''Pokémon'' |- |''[[Rubble & Crew|Ruben et Ci]]'' |''Rubble & Crew'' |- |''Les Simpsons'' |''The Simpsons'' |} === Former === {| class="wikitable" !French !English |- |''Les Trois Amigonautes'' |''Three Amigonauts'' |- |''Acier Max'' |''Max Steel'' |- |''Alien Bazar'' |''Pet Alien'' |- |''Angela Ballerine'' |''Angela Ballerina'' |- |''Angelina Anaconda'' |''Angelina Anaconda'' |- |''Angry Birds Toons'' |''Angry Birds Toons'' |- |''Aqua Kids'' |''Aqua Kids'' |- |''Attention Fantômes'' |''Phantom Investigators'' |- |''[[Ben 10]]'' |''Ben 10'' |- |''Bob et Scott'' |''Bob and Scott'' |- |''[[Bolt & Blip|Blip et Boulon]]'' |''Bolt and Blip'' |- |''Boni'' |''Boni'' |- |''Boule et Bill'' |''Bill and Buddy'' |- |''Black Butler'' |''Black Butler'' |- |''[[Bratz]]'' |''Bratz'' |- |''Bric-a-bracs'' |''Home Things'' |- |''Budgie Le Petit Hélicoptère'' |''Budgie The Little Helicopter'' |- |''Bunnicula'' |''Bunnicula'' |- |''[[Camp LakeBottom|Camp Marécage]]'' |''Camp LakeBottom'' |- |''[[Catscratch|Chadébloc]]'' |''Catscratch'' |- |''Chair de Poule'' |''Goosebumps'' |- |''Chasseurs de Dragons'' |''Dragon Hunters'' |- |''Chasseur de Fantômes Êxtremes'' |''Extreme Ghostbusters'' |- |''Coconut Fred'' |''Coconut Fred's Fruit Salad Island!'' |- |''Code Lyoko'' |''Code Lyoko'' |- |''Corneil et Bernie'' |''Corneil and Bernie'' |- |''Copains de Compagnie'' |''Pet Pals'' |- |''Creepschool'' |''Creepschool'' |- |''Crypte Show'' |''New Tales from the Cryptkeeper'' |- |''[[Cyberchase|Cybermatt]]'' |''Cyberchase'' |- |''Danny et Daddy'' |''Danny and Daddy'' |- |''Digimon'' |''Digimon'' |- |''[[Dinofroz]]'' |''Dinofroz'' |- |''[[Marvin the Tap-Dancing Horse|Édouard et Martin]]'' |''Marvin the Tap-Dancing Horse'' |- |''L'École des petits Vampires'' |''School of little Vampires'' |- |''Escargolympiques'' |''Snailympics'' |- |''Esprit Fantômes'' |- |''Le Bus Magique'' |''The Magic School Bus '' |- |''Les voyages de Balthazar'' |''Ethelbert the Tiger'' |- |''Ferme des Monstres'' |''Monster Farm'' |- |''[[Pippi Longstocking|Fifi Brindacier]]'' |''Pippi Longstocking'' |- |''Flipper et Lopaka'' |''Flipper and Lopaka'' |- |''Fred des Cavernes'' |''Fred the Caveman'' |- |''George de la Jungle'' |''George of the Jungle'' |- |''Gribouille'' |''Doodlez'' |- |''Hamtaro'' |''Hamtaro'' |- |''[[Katekyo Hitman Reborn|Hitman Reborn]]'' |''Katekyo Hitman Reborn'' |- |''Horseland: Bienvenue Au Ranch'' |''Horseland'' |- |''Ippo le Challenger'' |''Hajime no Ippo'' |- |''Insektors'' |''Insektors'' |- |''Jack et Marcel'' |''Jack and Marcel'' |- |''[[Jimmy Two-Shoes|Jimmy L'intrépide]]'' |''Jimmy Two-Shoes'' |- |''Johnny Test'' |''Johnny Test'' |- |''Kappa Mikey'' |''Kappy Mikey'' |- |''Kong: La Série Animé'' |''Kong: The Animated Series'' |- |''La Boucle Infernale'' |''Looped'' |- |''Le petit Amadeus'' |''Little Amadeus'' |- |''Les Babalous'' |''The Babaloos'' |- |''Les Bizardos'' |''Funnybones'' |- |''Les Contes du Cimetière'' |''Tales from St-Patrick's Graveyard'' |- |''Les Marchiens'' |''Nick and Perry'' |- |''Les Nouvelles Aventures de Lucky Luke'' |''The New Adventures of Lucky Luke'' |- |''Les Razmoket'' |''Rugrats'' |- |''Les Sauveteurs du Monde'' |''Rescue Heroes'' |- |''Les Supers Nanas'' |''The Powerpuff Girls'' |- |''Les Têtes à Claques'' |- |''Les Tortues Ninjas'' |''Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles'' |- |''Méga Bébés'' |''Mega Babies'' |- |''Meg et Mog'' |''Meg and Mog'' |- |''Mes Parrains Magiques'' |''The Fairly Oddparents'' |- |''Minus et Cortex'' |''Pinky and the Brain'' |- |''[[Mona the Vampire|Mona le Vampire]]'' |''Mona the Vampire'' |- |''[[Brady's Beasts|Monstres En Série]]'' |''Brady's Beasts'' |- |''Naruto'' |''Naruto'' |- |''Nom de code: KND'' |''Codename Kids Next Door'' |- |''[[Make Way for Noddy|Oui-Oui]]'' |''Make Way for Noddy'' |- |''Pablo le petit renard roux'' |''Pablo the little red fox'' |- |''Patrouille 03'' |''Patrol 03'' |- |''Porc Cité'' |''Pig City'' |- |''Pingu'' |''Pingu'' |- |''Planète Sketch'' |''Planet Sketch'' |- |''Pucca'' |''Pucca'' |- |''Ocha-Ken'' |''Ocha-Ken'' |- |''Quoi D'neuf Scooby-Doo?'' |''What's new Scooby-Doo?'' |- |''Rien que des Monstres'' |''Nothing but Monsters'' |- |''RoboBlatte'' |''RoboRoach'' |- |''Sakura Chasseuse de Cartes'' |''Cardcaptor Sakura'' |- |''[[Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat|Sagwa]]'' |''Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat'' |- |''Shaun le Mouton'' |''Shaun the Sheep'' |- |''Skyland'' |''Skyland'' |- |''Sonic le Rebelle'' |''Sonic Underground'' |- |''SOS Croco'' |''SOS Croco'' |- |''[[Braceface|Sourire d'enfer]]'' |''Braceface'' |- |''Un Écureuil chez moi'' |''Squirrel Boy'' |- |''Wounchpounch'' |''Wunschpunsch'' |- |''Zim l'envahisseur'' |''Invader Zim'' |} === Movies === {| class="wikitable" !French !English |- |''Batman: Le Retour du Chevalier Noir'' |''Batman: The Dark Knight Returns'' |- |''Green Lantern: Méfiez-Vous de mon Pouvoir'' |''Green Lantern: Beware my Power'' |- |''Justice League: Le Throne de L'Atlantis'' |''Justice League: Throne of Atlantis'' |- |''King Tweety'' |''King Tweety'' |} ==Other websites== * {{Official website|http://www.teletoon.com/fr}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Teletoon}} [[Category:1997 establishments in Canada]] [[Category:Canadian television channels]] {{tv-stub}} diwb0si3izhixag7f6tfa6o0na8kci0 0 976437 10368113 10331218 2025-07-02T19:19:00Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* References */ US-EN 10368113 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | genre = | based_on = {{Based on|[[Clifford the Big Red Dog (2000 TV series)|''Clifford the Big Red Dog'' (TV series)]]|[[Deborah Forte]]}}<br>{{Based on|''[[Clifford the Big Red Dog]]''|[[Norman Bridwell]]}} | developer = | director = Mike Weiss<br>Geri Bertolo | voices = {{Plainlist| * Adam Sanders * Hannah Levinson * Bahia Watson * [[Julie Lemieux]] * Jasiah Stewart }} | theme_music_composer = Brad Alexander | opentheme = "Clifford the Big Red Dog" by Eli Bolin & Kevin Del Aguila | endtheme = "Clifford the Big Red Dog" <small>(instrumental)</small> | composer = Brad Alexander<br>Martin Erskine | country = {{Plainlist| * Canada * United States }} | language = English | num_seasons = 1 | num_episodes = 39 (78 segments) | executive_producer = {{Plainlist| * Iole Lucchese * [[Jennifer Oxley]] * Vince Commisso }} | producer = {{Plainlist| * Christine Thompson * Martin Sal }} | editor = {{Plainlist| * Kurt Skyers * Alejandro Tello }} | runtime = 22 minutes<ref name=magazine>{{cite news |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/scholastics-new-clifford-the-big-red-dog-launches-in-december |title=Scholastic's New 'Clifford the Big Red Dog; Launches in December |website=[[Animation Magazine]] |last=Milligan |first=Mercedes |date=2019-06-04 |access-date=2019-11-25}}</ref> (2 11-minute segments) | company = {{Plainlist| * 100 Chickens Productions * [[Brown Bag Films]] * [[9 Story Media Group]] * [[PBS Kids]] * [[Scholastic Corporation|Scholastic Media]] * [[Amazon Studios]] }} | network = [[PBS Kids]]/[[Amazon Prime]] (United States)<br />[[TVOntario|TVOKids]] (Canada) | first_aired = {{Start date|2019|12|7}} | last_aired = {{End date|2021|11|10}} | related = ''[[Clifford the Big Red Dog (2000 TV series)|Clifford the Big Red Dog]]'' (2000)<br>''[[Clifford's Puppy Days]]'' }} '''''Clifford the Big Red Dog''''' is an animated [[children's television series]]. It is a reboot of the [[Clifford the Big Red Dog|book series of the same name]]. ==Broadcast== [[Knowledge Network]] and [[TVOKids]] in Canada. [[PBS Kids]] in the United States. ==References== {{reflist}} {{TV-stub}} [[Category:2010s American animated television series]] [[Category:2020s American animated television series]] [[Category:2019 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2021 American television series endings]] [[Category:2021 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:American animated television series]] [[Category:American children's television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:Animated television series about children]] [[Category:Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:Children's television series about talking animals]] [[Category:PBS Kids shows]] [[Category:TVOKids shows]] hak2dm3p4nxo0b3z9kefabxj2hkliu3 0 977505 10368769 10366383 2025-07-03T02:37:27Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368769 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Italic title}} {{Use Canadian English|date=July 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=July 2025}} {{Article issues| {{cleanup|reason=|date=August 2023}} {{wikify|date=November 2022}} }} {{Infobox television | image = | caption = | genre = {{Plainlist| * [[Adventure]] * [[Cartoon series|Animation]] * [[Children's television series|Children]] }} | creator = {{Plainlist| * Julie Stewart * Scott Stewart }} | director = {{Plainlist| * Ben Anderson (season 2) * Clint Butler * Daniel DeSerranno * Dustin Mckenzie (season 1) * Gino Michele (season 2) * James Corrigall (season 1) * Julie Stewart * Mike Fetterly (season 1) * Rich Johnson * Scott Stewart * Sebastian Brodin (season 1) * Steve Ball * Sylvain Blais (season 1) }} | writer = {{Plainlist| * Alice Prodanou ("The Need for Seed") * Ashley Lannigan ("Snow Bowling") * Dave Dias (season 1) * Diana Moore (season 1) * Garner Haines ("Mega Music Maker") * J.D. Smith * Jennifer Daley (season 1) * John Mein ("Gooble's Gift") * John Van Bruggen * Julie Stewart * Karen Moonah ("Butterfly Flowers") * Kendra Hibbert ("Sprite Lights") * Naomi Jardine ("Babysitting Squoosh") * Patrick Granleese ("Lily's Cafe") * Robert Ardiel * Robert Pincombe * Scott Stewart * Shawn Kalb ("Tail Tale") * Sheila Rogerson * Shelley Hoffman }} | voices = {{Plainlist| * [[Maryke Hendrikse]] * [[Lee Tockar]] * [[Tabitha St. Germain]] * [[Brian Drummond]] * [[Matt Hill]] }} | theme_music_composer = Daniel Ingram | opentheme = {{Theme song|"You and Me, Kate & Mim-Mim"|Jessica Zraly}} | endtheme = "You and Me, Kate & Mim-Mim" (instrumental) | composer = Michael Richard Plowman | country = {{Plainlist| * Canada * United Kingdom (seasons 1—2) }} | language = English | num_seasons = 2 | num_episodes = 47 (94 segments + 2 specials) | list_episodes = List of Kate & Mim-Mim episodes | executive_producer = {{Plainlist| * Asaph Fipke * Bob Higgins * Chuck Johnson (season 1) * Julie Stewart * Ken Faler * Kirsten Newlands (season 2) * Scott Stewart }} | producer = Asaph Fipke | runtime = 21 minutes (2 11–minute segments) | company = {{Plainlist| * [[Nerd Corps Entertainment]]<ref name=CartoonBrew>{{cite web|url=http://www.cartoonbrew.com/business/nerd-corps-producing-its-first-preschool-series-kate-and-mim-mim-71586.html|title=Nerd Corps Producing Its First Preschool Series "Kate And Mim-Mim"|work=Cartoon Brew|date=11 October 2012 |access-date=23 May 2016}}</ref> (season 1) * [[WildBrain]] (season 2) * FremantleMedia Kids & Family Entertainment (2014―2018, seasons 1―2) * Boat Rocker Media (revival series) }} | first_aired = {{Start date|2014|08|04}} | last_aired = {{End date|2018|03|23}} | channel = {{Plainlist| * [[Knowledge Network|Knowledge Kids]] * [[BBC Kids]] (2014―2018, seasons 1―2) }} }} '''''Kate & Mim-Mim''''' (stylized as '''''Kate and Mim-Mim''''') is an animated adventure [[children's television series]] created by husband-and-wife duo, Julie and Scott Stewart.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Catherine|date=July 31, 2014|title=Kate and Mim-Mim: Q&A with creators Scott and Julie Stewart|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/cbeebiesgrownups/entries/3fb7f28a-a1dc-39d1-aeda-b8a5630c7f75|access-date=April 26, 2017|website=[[CBeebies|CBeebies Grown-ups]]|publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref> The series aimed as an appropriate for all ages, the first decade might be suitable for [[preschool]] children, it was aired the first broadcast and presented by [[Knowledge Network|Knowledge Kids]] and former [[BBC Kids]] for four years, which ran on August 4, 2014 in Canada, with two seasons and 47 episodes (94 segments along with two television specials were produced). It was produced by [[Nerd Corps Entertainment]] in the first season stranded and later [[WildBrain]] and associated by FremantleMedia Kids & Family Entertainment outside the North America during the original series. The series stayed hiatus on March 23, 2018, the line-up second season finale on BBC Kids shuts down and repackaged [[CBeebies]] on December 31, 2018, there will be no longer aired in [[BBC]]. ==Settings== The series takes place about a 5-year-old [[Canadians|Canadian]] girl named Kate and the rest of her parents lived a small house in [[Hope, British Columbia]], Canada, which formerly based in [[Vancouver]] from the earliest history. Each episode focus that she conflict their minds and strategies, she dares to go an adventures with her favourite purple stuffed bunny named Mim-Mim, both then swirled away to Mimiloo, and all of his friends and neighbours to kind their come to solve an idea. Meanwhile, she become a rule to solve the problem completes then returns home and give a joy. ==Episodes== {{Main|List of Kate & Mim-Mim episodes{{!}}List of ''Kate & Mim-Mim'' episodes}} {{:List of Kate & Mim-Mim episodes}} ==Characters== ===Main=== * '''Kaitlyn "Kate" Claire''' (born {{birth date and age|2009|08|06}}) (voiced by [[Maryke Hendrikse]] in North America and Jessica Hann in the UK) is a Canadian fictional [[protagonist]] girl, who become to narrate for her stuffed bunny friend named Mim-Mim. She feels excited with her sense of humour and takes place with an imaginary story since she have show-and-tell at school. In her appearance, she has brown pigtails and brown eyes. She wears a pink shirt, a purple sweater underneath, blue-violet [[pants]] and white shoes (formerly orange coat when she was younger). * '''Mim-Mim''' (nicknamed ''Me-Me'' in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], born {{Birth date and age|2012|07|06}} thought Kate was created, voiced by [[Lee Tockar]] in North America and Rob Foster in the UK) is a [[Brazilian Portuguese|Brazilian]]-[[Canadian English|Canadian]] purple anthropomorphic [[Rabbit|bunny]] and Kate's friend. He wears a pair of plane [[goggles]] on his head. The early life that he is born in [[Brazil]] until Kate's family returned to Canada. ===Mimiloo friends=== * '''Boomer''' (voiced by Maryke Hendrikse in North America and [[Joanna Ruiz]] in the UK) is a young blue [[creature]] and Lily's younger brother, he has little legs and blue eyes. He loves making mischievous and experiences trouble with Tack's gadgets and sometimes like making a mess and Lily protect him. * '''Lily''' (voiced by [[Tabitha St. Germain]] in North America and [[Jess Robinson]] in the UK) is a young pink creature and Boomer's older sister, she has frills around her waste like a makeshift dress and blue eyes. She loves flowers and cooking as she takes care of Boomer. * '''Gobble''' (voiced by [[Brian Drummond]] in North America and [[Terrence Mann]] in the UK) is a older brown [[groundhog]], he has brown eyes, a pink nose and a light brown belly. He loves to work some [[garden]]ing, planting seeds and sometimes helping others. * '''Tack''' (voiced by [[Matt Hill]] in North America and Charlie Ryan in the UK) is a teenage orange-yellow [[tree frog]], he has a yellow belly, he wears purple goggles with blue frames, a backside [[Stain|blotch]] and a stubby tail the same colour. He loves inventing things with using gadgets. His pet robot dog, Super-Sniffer, tracks down the objects and did not cause jealous in one of them. ===Recurring=== * '''Boogideebears''' is a brown [[bear]] who lives in Happy Hollow. He is first appeared in the 2014 episode. * '''Boom Chicka Queen''' is a yellow [[bee|queen bee]]. She is first appeared in the 2015 episode "Boom Chicka Bees". * '''Callie''' is a giant pink [[octopus]] who lives in Lost Island. She is first appeared in the 2014 episode "Tail Tale". * '''Chilly''' is a white [[snowman]] who lives in Winter Wonderfalls. He is first appeared in the 2014 episode "Snow Bowling". * '''Glowla''' is a pink [[rabbit|bunni]][[butterfly|fly]]. She is first appeared in the 2014 episode "Flight of the Flowers". * '''Grabby''' is a red [[crab]]. He is first appeared in the 2016 episode "Grabby the Crab". * '''Marco''' (voiced by David Godfrey in North America and Charlie Ryan in the UK) is Kate's father. He wears a white shirt with blue sleeves, blue pants and black runners. * '''Mega Mim''' is an enormous purple [[robot]] machine. He is first appeared in the 2014 episode "Mega Mim". * '''Mimiloo bugs''' is a pink widespread bugs. They are first appeared in the 2014 episode "A Case of the Giggles". * '''Rumbly''' is a tiny grey [[rock]] who lives on the [[Moon]]. He is first appeared in the 2014 episode "Mim-Mim's Moon Mishap". * '''Squoosh''' is a blob creature. He is first appeared in the 2015 episode "Babysitting Squoosh". * '''Tee Hee Rex''' is a young [[Tyrannosaurus|T-rex]]. He is first appeared in the 2014 episode "Tee Hee Rex". * '''Teeny''' is a [[genie]]. He is first appeared in the 2015 episode. * '''Twinkly''' is a yellow [[star]] who lives in Forever Forest. He is first appeared in the 2014 episode "Twinkle Twinkle". * '''Valerie''' (voiced by [[Nicole Oliver]] in North America and Joanna Ruiz in the UK) is Kate's mother. She wears a light blue shirt, blue pants and black heels. * '''Violet''' (voiced by [[Cat Deeley]]) is a purple [[witchcraft|witch]]. She is first appeared in the 2017 episode "Kate of Oz". ==Production history== {{Timeline of release years | 2004 = [[List of Kate & Mim-Mim episodes#Pilot|Test pilot]] | 2014 = [[List of Kate & Mim-Mim episodes#Season 1 (2014―15)|Season 1]] | 2015 = [[List of Kate & Mim-Mim episodes#Season 2 (2015―17)|Season 2]] | 2018 = Original series ended before [[BBC Kids]] closed }} On August 23, 2004, the test pilot will be revived in [[Studio B Productions]] for the first both airs on [[Knowledge Network]] and [[TVOKids]]. On October 10, 2012, the production status was developed by the Canadian animation studio, [[Nerd Corps Entertainment]], whose the creators of Julie and Scott Stewart, an animation backdrop towards the Russian television series, ''[[Masha and the Bear]]''. Meanwhile, the original series is set to release in spring 2014, later pushed back to August 4. Later that second season, Nerd Corps is moved to DHX Studios Vancouver, behind ''[[Blaze and the Monster Machines]]''. The original series ended on March 23, 2018, there will be no longer aired on CBeebies due to BBC Kids' shutdown and out-of-business company was replaced by FrementleMedia Kids & Family, before developed a Chinese [[television program|television series]] ''[[Rev & Roll]]'' in 2019. Meanwhile, the distribution was moved to Boat Rocker Media in the revival series, along with WildBrain. ==Distribution== ===Broadcast=== ''Kate & Mim-Mim'' airs on Knowledge Kids in Canada on August 4, 2014, along with BBC Kids in the original series line-up to CBeebies in the United Kingdom on September 1 until March 23, 2018. The first episode premiered on the co-produce [[Disney Jr. (programming block)|Disney Jr.]] between December 19, 2014 to July 2, 2017 in the United States and other worldwide services, when lost the rights to air the series. In Australia, it was aired on [[9Go!]]. The other Canadian programming shown on [[Family Channel]]'s licence programming between an English-language channel [[Family Jr.]] on September 5, 2015 and French-language channel [[Télémagino]] on January 9, 2017. In the United States, it is shown formerly runs streaming from [[Netflix]] through December 1, 2015 to September 30, 2019, later changed on [[Qubo]] in the first season on December 7, 2020, after they caught up the replacements until February 26, 2021. The development brings back to [[Disney Channel]] and [[Disney+]] to discuss their new revival series is set in fall 2034. ====Other dubs==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Language !! Title !! Channel !! Notes !! Country |- | [[Dutch language|Dutch]] | Kate en Mim-Mim | [[Disney Jr. (Dutch TV channel)|Disney Jr.]] | The series in Dutch as ''Kate en Mim-Mim'', it was licenced by Disney Jr. was redubbed to Netherlands on September 1, 2015. | [[Netherlands]] |- | [[Russian language|Russian]] || Катя и Мим-Мим || [[Carousel (TV channel)|Carousel]] || The series in Russia was dubbed in Cyrillic title ''Катя и Мим-Мим'' started in 2015. || [[Russia]] |} ==Awards== An episode "[[List of Kate & Mim-Mim episodes#Season 1 (2014―15)|Bunch o' Boomers]]" nominated for a [[Leo Award]] for Best Overall Sound in an Animation Program or Series. ==Notes== {{Notelist}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Wikiquote}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150707152225/https://nerdcorps.com/properties/kate-mim-mim/ ''Kate & Mim-Mim''] on [[Nerd Corps Entertainment]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160604043231/https://disneyjunior.disney.com/kate-and-mim-mim ''Kate & Mim-Mim''] on [[Disney Jr. (American TV channel)|Disney Junior]] * [https://web.archive.org/20180121124506/https://www.bbc.co.uk/cbeebies/shows/kate-and-mim-mim ''Kate & Mim-Mim''] on [[CBeebies]] {{Disney Junior}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kate and Mim-Mim}} [[Category:2010s British animated television series]] [[Category:2010s British children's television series]] [[Category:2010s British television series debuts]] [[Category:2010s British television series endings]] [[Category:2010s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:2010s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:2010s Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2010s Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:2014 British television series debuts]] [[Category:2014 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2017 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:2018 British television series endings]] [[Category:Animated television series about children]] [[Category:BBC Television programmes]] [[Category:British animated television series]] [[Category:British children's television series]] [[Category:Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:Canadian English-language television shows]] [[Category:CBeebies]] [[Category:Children's television series about talking animals]] [[Category:Disney Channel television series]] [[Category:Knowledge Network original programming]] [[Category:Television characters]] [[Category:Television series about animals]] [[Category:Television series about dinosaurs]] [[Category:Television series about families]] [[Category:Television series about friendship]] [[Category:Television series by Disney]] [[Category:Television shows about rabbits and hares]] quas6cqgypsgt5jsg4ugixlk54pon22 0 977545 10367818 10349476 2025-07-02T15:44:38Z GhoshThakur 1635483 Someone changes the real information without any source, so was edited as per the given sources... 10367818 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Chudasama''' is a Ahir (Kshatriya) <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2eIcAAAAMAAJ|title=Junagadh|last=Rajan|first=K. V. Soundara|date=1985|publisher=Archaeological Survey of India|language=en|quote=The Chudasama dynasty, originally of Abhira clan from Sind wielded great influence around Junagadh from the 875 A.D. onwards when they consolidated themselves at Vanthali (ancient Vamanasthali) close to Girnar under their-King Ra Chuda.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/history-of-gujarat-gazetteer-of-bombay-vol.-i_202109|title=History Of Gujarat ( Gazetteer Of Bombay Vol. I)|last=Gazetteer Of Bombay Vol. I|quote=Doctor Bhagvanlal held that the Chudasamas were originally of the Abhira tribe, as their traditions attest connection with the Abhiras and as the description of Graharipu one of their kings by Hemachandra in his DvydaSraya points to his being of some local tribe and not of any ancient Rajput lineage. Further in their bardic traditions as well as in popular stories the Chudasamas are still commonly called Ahera-ranas. The position of Aberia in Ptolemy (A.D. 150) seems to show that in the second century the Ahirs were settled between Sindh and the Panjab. Similarly it may be suggested that Jadeja is a corruption of Jaudheja which in turn comes from Yaudheya (the change of y to j being very common) who in Kshatrapa Inscriptions appear as close neighbours of the Ahirs. After the fall of the Valabhis (A.D. 775) the Yaudheyas seem to have established themselves in Kacch and the Ahirs settled and made conquests in Kathiavada.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.36138|title=Abhiras their history and culture|last=SurvaVanshi|first=Bhagwansingh|date=1962|quote=Hemachandra in his Dvyasrayakavya mentions Graharipu, as a mighty Abhira-Chudasama king of Saurashtra. The Chudasama kings are described as Abhiras by Merutungacharya.}}</ref> clan found in the state of [[Gujarat]], [[India]]. Indian archaeologist and scholar, Bhagwan Lal Indraji held that the Chudasamas were originally Ahirs as their traditions attest connexion with the description of Graharipu, one of their kings by Hemachandra in his Dvyashraya Kavya points to them of being Ahir warriors and some local tribe such as Abhirs.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=NYK7ZSpPzkUC&pg=PA36&dq=chudasama+rajput&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiVjurj9oaOAxWme2wGHV1SC0gQ6AF6BAgEEAM|title=The Rajputs of Saurashtra|last=Singhji|first=Virbhadra|date=1994|publisher=Popular Prakashan|isbn=978-81-7154-546-9|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=JBU-AQAAMAAJ&q=chudasama+rajput&dq=chudasama+rajput&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiVjurj9oaOAxWme2wGHV1SC0gQ6AF6BAgGEAM|title=History of the Dhrangadhra State|last=Mayne|first=C.|date=1921|publisher=Thacker, Spink|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=s15uAAAAMAAJ&q=chudasama+rajput&dq=chudasama+rajput&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiVjurj9oaOAxWme2wGHV1SC0gQ6AF6BAgKEAM|title=The Mers of Saurashtra: A Profile of Social, Economic, and Political Status|last=Trivedi|first=Harshad R.|date=1999|publisher=Devika Publications|isbn=978-81-86557-20-4|language=en}}</ref> Further in their bardic traditions as well as in popular stories the Chudasamas are still commonly called as AheerRanas. The position of [[Abiria|Aberia]] in Ptolemy (A.D. 150) seems to show that in the second century they settled between [[Sindh]] and the [[Punjab region|Punjab]]. Ra Graharipu of [[Junagarh]] who fought Mularaja Solanki in A.D 961 was later identified as a Chudasama.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wumhDQAAQBAJ&dq=abhira+graharipu&pg=PT198|title=THE GAZETTEER OF INDIA Volume 2|last=Division|first=Publications|publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting|isbn=978-81-230-2265-9|language=en}}</ref> ==Origin== [[File:Uparkot Fort 19 Clicked by Hariom Raval.jpg|thumb|right|Uparkot fort rediscovered by Chudasama ruler Graharipu]] The Chudasama dynasty, originally of Ahir clan from [[Sindh|Sind]] wielded great influence around [[Junagadh]] from the 875 A.D. onwards when they consolidated themselves at Vanthali (ancient Vamanasthali) close to Girnar under their - King Ra Chuda.<ref>{{cite book|first=K. V. Soundara |last=Rajan |title=Junagadh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2eIcAAAAMAAJ |year=1985 |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India, 1985 |page=10}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Sailendra Nath Sen|title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA344|access-date=3 January 2011|date=1 January 1999|publisher=New Age International|isbn=978-81-224-1198-0|pages=344}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ZZ8T8tZc4YC&q=Abhira%C2%A0raja&pg=PA108|title=Somanatha: The Many Voices of a History|last=Thapar|first=Romila|date=2008|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-306468-8|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qLwKAQAAIAAJ|title=The History and Culture of the Indian People: The age of imperial Kanauj|date=1951|publisher=G. Allen & Unwin|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EIAyDwAAQBAJ|title=The Geopolitical Orbits of Ancient India: The Geographical Frames of the Ancient Indian Dynasties|last=Chakrabarty|first=Dilip K.|date=2010-10-18|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-908832-4|language=en|quote=In the second half of the tenth century, the Abhiras established their supremacy in southern and western Saurashtra under their king Graharipu. They ruled from Vamanasthali or Vanthali to the west of Junagadh.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sy5gEAAAQBAJ|title=History of Indian Nation : Ancient India|last=Others|first=Muzaffar H. Syed &|date=2022-02-20|publisher=K.K. Publications|language=en|quote=The Abhiras established their supremacy over the Southern and Western Saurashtra under their King Graharipu in the second half of the tenth century. Their capital was Vamanasthali, modern Vanthali, nine miles west of Junagadh.}}</ref> They began to rule in Southern and western Sourashtra from the second half of the 10th century A.D their capital was vamanshtali, modern vanthali nine miles west of [[Junagadh]]. They became very powerful during the reign of [[Ra Graharipu|Graharipu]] who defeated the Saindhavas and the Chaulukyas.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA344|title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization|author=Sailendra Nath Sen|date=1 January 1999|publisher=New Age International|isbn=978-81-224-1198-0|pages=344|quote=The Abhiras began to rule in Southern and western Sourashtra from the second half of the 10th century A.D their capital was vamanshtali, modern vanthali nine miles west of Junagadh. They became very powerful during the reign of [[Graharipu]] who defeated the Saindhavas and the Chaulukyas.|access-date=3 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bnZDAAAAYAAJ|title=Ancient India|last=Majumdar|first=Ramesh Chandra|date=1964|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|language=en|quote=The Abhiras grew very powerful during the reign of Graharipu in the middle of the 10th century A.D. He had his capital at Vāmanasthali, now represented by Abhiras the village Vanthali, 9 miles west of Junagadh.}}</ref> A Chudasama prince styled Graharipu and ruling at Vanthali near Junagadh is described in the Dyashraya-Kavya of Hemachandra as a Ahir ruler .<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FoT6gPrbTp8C&pg=PA25|title=The Tribes and Castes of Bombay|last=Enthoven|first=Reginald Edward|date=1990|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=978-81-206-0630-2|language=en|quote=Thus a Chudásama prince styled Graharipu and ruling at Vanthali near Junagadh is described in the Dyáshraya-Kávya of Hemachandra as an Abhira and a Yádava. In their bardic traditions as well as in popular stories, the Chudásamas are still called Aheraránás.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ntuAAAAMAAJ&q=Hemachandra+kavya+Yadava|title=Power, Profit, and Poetry: Traditional Society in Kathiawar, Western India|last=Tambs-Lyche|first=Harald|date=1996-12-31|publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors|isbn=978-81-7304-176-1|language=en|quote=Hemachandra, in the Dyashraya-Kavya, describe the prince Grahasipu, ruling at Vanthali near Junagadh, as an Abhira and a Yadava (Krishna's legendary tribe) (Enthoven 1920, 25).}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Social groups]] [[Category:Gujarat]] __NOTOC__ __STATICREDIRECT__ __NOEDITSECTION__ fr3ntps5jpugvtyk3fqyggbj8nfjqzj 0 978253 10368991 9657501 2025-07-03T05:31:33Z Robotje 671 10368991 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}} {{Infobox sportsperson | name = Henriette Delbort | image = Henriette Hoss (portrait de la nageuse) - btv1b6921186k.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = | fullname = Henriette Hoss | nickname = | national_team = France | nationality = French | sport = [[swimming]], [[diving]] | club = [[Mouettes de Paris]]<br>[[Club des Nageurs de Paris]] (from 1920) | coach = | birth_date = {{birth year|1895}} | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | height = | weight = | show-medals =yes | medaltemplates = {{MedalSport | Women's swimming}} {{MedalCountry | France}} {{MedalCompetition | [[Women's Olympiad]]}} {{MedalBronze| [[Aquatics at the 1922 Women's Olympiad|1922 Monte Carlo]] | [[Diving at the 1922 Women's Olympiad – 3 metre springboard|3 metre springboard]]}} }} '''Henriette Delbort''' (née '''Henriette Hoss'''; 1895) was a French competitive [[swimming (sport)|swimmer]] from [[Paris]]. She was a member of [[Mouettes de Paris]] and from 1920 of [[Club des Nageurs de Paris]]. She is named as one of the best swimmer of her club [[Mouettes de Paris]].<ref name=Velez>{{cite web|last=Velez|first=Anne|url=https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608847/PDF/TheseVELEZ.pdf |title= LES FILLES DE L’EAU. UNE HISTOIRE DES FEMMES ET DE LA NATATION EN FRANCE(1905-1939)|work=Université d’Angers|date=2010|via=tel.archives-ouvertes.fr|access-date=10 November 2022|language=fr}}</ref> ==Personal life== Hoss was born in 1895. She married to during [[World War I]] to swimmer and diver, Louis Delbort, director of the "Gare" swimming pool in the 1930s. Her daughter [[Suzanne Delbort]] (born 1916) became also a swimmer.<ref name=Velez /> ==Career== Her first victory was on 16 July 1909 in the 100 metre during Grand Prix of [[Lyon]]. While competing in several swimming races her next main achievement was in 1912, finishing third at the national championships in the 100 metre event. In that year she had many podium places in handicap swimming events. After she finished second in the 4.5 kilometer event of the championships of Paris, she featured on the cover of ''[[La Stampa Sportiva]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.byterfly.eu/islandora/object/libria:43371/datastream/PDF/content/libria_43371.pdf|title= Le gare nuoto femminili|work=[[La Stampa Sportiva]] |date=25 August 1912|via=byterfly.eu|access-date=23 November 2022|language=nl}}</ref> On 17 September she wins the 100 metre event at the second swimming gala in [[Bordeaux]]. On 2 November she finished second in the 500 metre event of the national championships. In 1913 she wins the bronze medal at national championships in the 100 metre event (22 June) and the silver medal in the 500 metre event (10 August). She finished third at the {{ill|Traversée de Paris à la nage|fr}}, an 11.6 km open water swimming race in Paris.<ref name=Velez /> In 1919 she became French diving champion, and became vice-champion the next year. In 1921 she became national champion in the springboard diving event. In 1922 she won the bronze medal at the national diving championships.<ref name=Velez /> In 1922 she was part of the French national team at the [[Aquatics at the 1922 Women's Olympiad|1922 Women's Olympiad]], about the earliest international women's swimming championships. She won the bronze medal in the [[Diving at the 1922 Women's Olympiad – 3 metre springboard|3 metre springboard event]] behind the Dutch [[Truus Klapwijk]] and Swedish [[Eva Olliwier]].<ref name=AH_25>{{cite web|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010655248:mpeg21:a0063|title= Hollandsche Zwemsters in Monte Carlo.|work=[[Algemeen Handelsblad]] |date=25 April 1922|via=[[Delpher]]|access-date=13 October 2022|language=nl}}</ref><ref name=Results3>{{cite web|url= https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010026031:mpeg21:a0080 |title= Wedstrijd te Monte-Carlo.|work=[[Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant]] |date=22 April 1922|via=[[Delpher]]|access-date=13 October 2022|language=nl}}</ref><ref name=Results2>{{cite web|url= https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMKB04:000189771:mpeg21:a0073 |title= De wedstrijden te Monte-Carlo.|work=[[De Maasbode]] |date=22 April 1922|via=[[Delpher]]|access-date=13 October 2022|language=nl}}</ref> Delbort also competed in the [[Diving at the 1922 Women's Olympiad – 5 metre platform|5 metre platform event]] but didn't win a medal.<ref name=entrants>{{cite web|url= https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010026030:mpeg21:a0093|title=De wedstrijden te Monte Carlo.|work=[[Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant]] |date=21 April 1922|via=[[Delpher]]|access-date=13 October 2022|language=nl}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b69211855.item Image of Henriette Hoss] (1912) {{DEFAULTSORT:Delbort, Henriette}} [[Category:Swimmers from Paris]] [[Category:French divers]] [[Category:Sportswomen]] [[Category:1895 births]] [[Category:Year of death missing]] dqsnicptn272okm7966myuv0cqh66sn 0 978263 10368981 9657507 2025-07-03T05:16:31Z Robotje 671 10368981 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}} {{Infobox sportsperson | name = Rosa Frauendorfer | image = Rosa Frauendorfer (1906).jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Rosa Frauendorfer in 1906 | fullname = | nickname = | national_team = | nationality = Austrian | sport = [[diving]], [[swimming]] | club = Danubia | coach = | birth_date = {{birth year|1886}} | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | height = | weight = | show-medals =yes | medaltemplates = }} ''' Rosa Frauendorfer''' (born 1886) was an Austrian competitive diver and [[swimming (sport)|swimmer]] from [[Vienna]]. She was a member of the Danubia swimming club.<ref name=Velez>{{cite web|last=Velez|first=Anne|url=https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608847/PDF/TheseVELEZ.pdf |title= LES FILLES DE L’EAU. UNE HISTOIRE DES FEMMES ET DE LA NATATION EN FRANCE(1905-1939)|work=Université d’Angers|date=2010|via=tel.archives-ouvertes.fr|access-date=10 November 2022|language=fr}}</ref> She practiced two hours of swimming every day. She trained sometimes at the military school in Vienna. ==Swimming career== Frauendorfer won a high number of prizes in 1904. In 1905 she wins the international race organized by a women's swimming club in [[Vienna]]. It was a 12 kilometre race from [[Klosterneuburg]] to Vienna. She swam the distance in stormy weather in 1 hour and 25 minutes. She also won the first prize in diving. The next year in 1906 she the diving event and the backstroke race at the international competition organized by the "Danubia" club. She took part in a lot of long distance swimming races. She took part in the competition from Klosterneuburg to Vienna (12 km in 1h 36 minutes), the race from Grafenstein to Vienna (1 hour 42 minutes). Shed crossed Lake Zurich; 3 km from Wädenswil to Männedorf (1 hour 35 minutes). In [[Eau Morte]] she swam 3 kilometre in 1 hour 30 minutes and 5 kilometre in 2 hour 15 minutes.<ref name=Velez /> On 15 July 1096 she participated in the {{ill|Traversée de Paris à la nage|fr}}, a 11.6 km open water swimming race in Paris. She swam the complete race in breaststroke and swam the distance in 3 hours 59:30.4. She was accompanied by Mr. Shmall (correspondent of the newspaper [[L'Auto]] in Vienna) and Mrs. Schmall (president of the Danubia club). In 1907 she is approached to participate in the Traversée de Paris à la nage but she refuses the offers of the newspaper. While advertised on advertising posters, she wants to keep her amateur status that she has just regained.<ref name=Velez /> ==Personal life== Frauendorfer was born in 1886 and lived in [[Vienna]]. She was the daughter of a main [[annuitant]]. She was passionate about motoring and drove cars.<ref name=Velez /> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b532223542 Image of Frauendorfer] (1906) *[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b53222355h Image of Frauendorfer] (1906) *[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b53223100s Image of Frauendorfer] (1906) *[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b53223125v Image of Frauendorfer] (1906) {{DEFAULTSORT:Frauendorfer, Rosa}} [[Category:Swimmers]] [[Category:Divers]] [[Category:Sportspeople from Vienna]] [[Category:Sportswomen]] [[Category:1886 births]] [[Category:Year of death missing]] 4l8k5qam5tx7qpqe0ozy8tejkvrxabi 0 978443 10368632 9122129 2025-07-03T01:15:09Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Swimming career */ Typo: duplication 10368632 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}} {{Infobox sportsperson | name = Renée Mortier | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | fullname = | nickname = | nationality = France | sport = [[diving]], [[swimming]] | club = [[Ondine de Paris]] | coach = | birth_date = {{birth year|1886}} | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | height = <!-- {{convert|x.xx|m|ftin|abbr=on}} --> | weight = <!-- {{convert|xx|kg|lb st|abbr=on}} --> | show-medals =yes | medaltemplates = }} '''Renée Mortier''' (born 1886) was a French competitive [[swimming (sport)|swimmer]], diver and sport administrator from the [[12th arrondissement of Paris]]. She was a member and of [[Ondine de Paris]].<ref name=Velez /> ==Swimming career== Mortier became a member of swimming club [[Ondine de Paris]] after it was founded in 1906. Other sports she does are cycling (she obtained the cycling [[Audax (cycling)|Audax]]) and ice skating.<ref name=Velez /> On 1 June 1907 she finished second in the 60 metre event at the Gare swimming pool behind [[Alice Sadoux]]. The next day she finished second in the 100 metres event at the "Fête du Devoir" in [[Rouen]], again behind Alice Sadoux. On 28 July 1907 she participated in the international 200 metre event and the international 60 metre handicap event in [[Joinville-le-Pont]]. At this event also some national events were held and she finished fourth in the national 100 metre event and she competed in the diving event. On 9 August she competed in the {{ill|Traversée de Toulouse à la nage|fr}}, an open water race over 5 kilometres in [[Toulouse]]. She finished fourth in a time of 1 hour 32:15 minutes. She was expected to take part in the Six Hours race on 25 August, but she did not take part because she had no intention to become a professional swimmer.<ref name=Velez /> In 1908 she participated at the {{ill|Traversée de Lyon à la nage|fr}}, an open water race in [[Lyon]] and she finished fifth in the 100 metre event during the international swimming competition in [[Joinville-le-Pont]].<ref name=Velez /> After competing in 1909 at the national championships in [[Amiens]] (11 July) and at the swimming competitions in [[Calais]] (14 July), she competed at a main international competition on 15 July. In this competition she finished third in the 100 metre event.<ref name=Velez /> On 25 December 1912 she was the only women who competes at the {{ill|Coupe de Noël (Paris)|fr}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb404648624 |title=Mme Renée Mortier [portrait de la nageuse en tenue de ville, seule femme à participer à la Coupe de Noël, compétition de natation dans la Seine]|via=catalogue.bnf.fr|date=1912|access-date=10 November 2022|language=fr}}</ref> She finished in last place in the 150 metres in a time of 2:29. The same day she was ill and from the doctor she had to stop temporarily all her sporting activities.<ref name=Velez /> In January 1913 she was on the cover of sport magazine ''Le Plein Air''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.journaux-collection.com/fiche.php?id=1015483|title=Le Plein Air revue de tous les sports|work=Le Plein Air|date=3 January 1913|via=journaux-collection.com|access-date=10 November 2022|language=fr|archive-date=24 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124134306/http://www.journaux-collection.com/fiche.php?id=1015483|url-status=dead}}</ref> Later in 1913 she obtained her swimming Audax.<ref name=Velez>{{cite web|last=Velez|first=Anne|url=https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608847/PDF/TheseVELEZ.pdf |title= LES FILLES DE L’EAU. UNE HISTOIRE DES FEMMES ET DE LA NATATION EN FRANCE(1905-1939)|work=Université d’Angers|date=2010|via=tel.archives-ouvertes.fr|access-date=10 November 2022|language=fr}}</ref> ==Sport administration== Morrier was club secretary of [[Ondine de Paris]] for six years. She was the first elected of the [[Union des Sociétés Françaises de Sports Athlétiques]] USFSA. In 1928, she headed the swimming section of the Société des Cadettes de Gascogne, which she founded in 1921. She was elected to a committee of the FFNS (school board) and the [[Fédération féminine française de gymnastique et d'éducation physique]] (FFSF). In 1931, she chaired the swimming section of the [[Association sportive des postes, télégraphes et téléphones]] (ASPTT).<ref name=Velez /> ==Personal life== Mortier was born in 1888. She lived in the [[12th arrondissement of Paris]] (56, [[Rue de Wattignies]]). She was candidate in the 1910 legislative elections of Paris. Morter worked at the French Post. She earned 2200 francs per year (1910). Later she worked as a guard at [[Élysée]] in the 1920s.<ref name=Velez /> She maried to a municipal employee who was also a fencer, swimmer and gymnast. Her daughter was Olympic swimmer [[Gilberte Mortier]]. <ref name=Velez /> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b53114535j.item Image of Mortier] (1912) *[http://journaux-collection.com/phototag.php?ref=1015483-1.jpg Mortier at the cover of Le Plein Air] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124134408/http://journaux-collection.com/phototag.php?ref=1015483-1.jpg |date=2022-11-24 }} (1913) {{DEFAULTSORT:Mortier, Renee}} [[Category:Swimmers from Paris]] [[Category:French divers]] [[Category:Sportswomen]] [[Category:1886 births]] [[Category:Year of death missing]] [[Category:French sport administrators]] 8q22tvr2codl36rcqf27pa17sg4u312 14 980242 10369412 9691312 2025-07-03T11:11:41Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 rmv popcat 10369412 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Year in nationality television category}} 8yxkji57ajkgqvkt0tenmx3cgclbh7p 0 981295 10368071 10340109 2025-07-02T18:26:45Z 2600:4040:2CC4:E100:8857:50C6:B833:948D 10368071 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | runtime = 20 minutes (4 mini-episodes) | country = Canada | company = [[Nelvana Limited]] | director = Steve Wright <br> Michael McNamara <br> Charles E. Bastien | network = Canada <br> [[TVOKids]] <br> [[Knowledge Network]] <br> [[Toon-A-Vision]] <br> [[Saskatchewan Communications Network|SCN]] <br> [[CTV 2 Alberta|Access]] <br> United States <br> [[PBS]] <br> [[Qubo]] | first_aired = {{start date|1999|9|6}} | last_aired = {{end date|2000|9|20}} | producer = Marianne Culbert | starring = Charles P. Schott<br />[[Alisa Walton]]<br />Heidimarie Guggi<br />Stephen LaFrenie<br />Mark Wallace | based_on = ''[[Elliot Moose]]'' book series written and illustrated by [[Andrea Beck]] | developer = [[Jed MacKay]] | genre = Preschool | num_seasons = 2 | num_episodes = 26 (104 segments) | executive_producer = [[Patrick Loubert]]<br />[[Michael Hirsh (producer)|Michael Hirsh]]<br />[[Clive A. Smith]] }} '''''Elliot Moose''''' is a Canadian children's educational television series. It is based on the books co-produced by Canada-based studio [[Nelvana Limited]], produced in association with [[TVOntario]] and [[PBS]]. {{Former PBS Kids original programming}} [[Category:1999 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2000 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:Canadian television series]] [[Category:PBS Kids shows]] [[Category:TVOKids shows]] {{tv-stub}} rhxiqnaq60d68r1wgc71xtso0curwuj 0 982843 10368309 8652809 2025-07-02T21:48:20Z 2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA 10368309 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Salmo''''' is a genus of the [[fish]], salmon. One extinct genus, called ''Eosalmo'', resembles the modern [[salmon]]. {{Trouts}} [[Category:Salmoniformes]] {{biology-stub}} rath4mrvptixzx1dcxje4gk7htxb764 0 983164 10368953 9858558 2025-07-03T04:35:34Z 194.230.160.237 /* Production */ 10368953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film |name = The Art of Self Defense |image = |caption = |director = [[Jack Kinney]] |producer = [[Walt Disney]] |music = [[Leigh Harline]] |studio = [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Productions]] |distributor = [[RKO Pictures|RKO Radio Pictures]] |starring = [[George Johnson (actor)|George Johnson]] |released = {{Film date|1941|12|26}} |runtime = 8 minutes |language = English }} '''''The Art of Self Defense''''' is a [[cartoon]] made by [[the Walt Disney Company]] in 1941, featuring [[Goofy]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lenburg |first1=Jeff |title=The Encyclopedia of Animated Cartoons |date=1999 |publisher=Checkmark Books |isbn=0-8160-3831-7 |accessdate=6 June 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780816038312/page/86/mode/2up |pages=86–87}}</ref> ==Production== The cartoon was one of the first to feature many replicas of Goofy at one time. The end of the short uses the [[Tarzan yell]] on the soundtrack, like a movie from ''[[Mickey's Garden]]''. ==Voice cast== * Goofy: [[Goofy|George Johnson]] * Narrator: John McLeish ==Home media== The short was released on December 2, 2002, on ''[[Walt Disney Treasures: Wave Two#The Complete Goofy|Walt Disney Treasures: The Complete Goofy]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Complete Goofy DVD Review|url=https://www.dvdizzy.com/completegoofy.html |website=DVD Dizzy |access-date=20 February 2021}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == * {{IMDb title|0033355|The Art of Self Defense}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Art Of Self Defense, The}} [[Category:American sports movies]] [[Category:Goofy]] [[Category:Short movies]] [[Category:Movies composed by Leigh Harline]] {{movie-stub}} h54uerzsy1fyo12494o0un5cqjp92lv 0 983194 10368973 8719060 2025-07-03T05:03:40Z Auntof6 22027 use standard stub template 10368973 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:''Homo economicus''}} ''Homo economicus'' (or ''H. economicus'' for short, meaning "economic man") is an [[Economics|economic]] theory which suggests that humans are purely rational and think and act in their own self-interest (what is best for them). It is a play on words with ''[[Homo sapiens]].'' {{Stub}} [[Category:Economic theories]] ta3u3hi20fg37xqsp9jvku2jxayeml8 0 985269 10368750 10124099 2025-07-03T02:28:12Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Biography */ typo: duplication 10368750 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Albert Bruschke | image = | caption = | birth_name = Albert Vincent Godefridus Bruschke | birth_date = {{Birth date|1935|1|22|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Leiden]], Netherlands | death_date = {{death date and age|2022|12|1|1935|1|22|df=y}} | death_place = Leiden, Netherlands | monuments = | residence = | nationality = Dutch | occupation = professor | known_for = | relatives = | awards = }} '''Albert Vincent Godefridus Bruschke''' (22 January 1935 – 1 December 2022) was a Dutch cardiologist.<ref name=ref1>{{cite web|url=https://hoogleraren.universiteitleiden.nl/id/355|title=Albert Vincent Godefridus Bruschke|work=[[Leiden University]]|access-date=28 December 2022|language=nl|archive-date=12 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212202217/https://hoogleraren.universiteitleiden.nl/id/355|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was professor at [[Leiden University Medical Center]] between 1984 and 2000.<ref name=ref2>{{cite web|url=https://hartlongcentrum.nl/over-ons/geschiedenis/geschiedenis-afdeling-hartziekten/|title=Het ontstaan en de ontwikkeling van het Hart Long Centrum Leiden in de 20e eeuw|work=Hart Long Centrum Leiden|date=28 December 2022|access-date=28 December 2022|language=nl|archive-date=28 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228092014/https://hartlongcentrum.nl/over-ons/geschiedenis/geschiedenis-afdeling-hartziekten/|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was founder of Dutch coronary arteriography. ==Biography== Bruschke studied medicine in [[Leiden]] and studied aftwards two years internal medicine in the former {{ill|St. Elisabeth Hospital|nl|St. Elisabeth Ziekenhuis Tilburg}}. Bruschke started in 1963 a cardiology training at the {{ill|St. Antonius hospital|nl|St. Antonius Ziekenhuis (Utrecht)}} in [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]] under the supervision of C.L.C. van Nieuwenhuizen. He became a registered cardiologist in 1966.<ref name=ref3>{{cite web|url=https://www.nvvc.nl/Vereniging%20-%20bestuur/Nieuws/221212-in-memoriam-albert-bruschke|title=In memoriam: Albert Bruschke|work=nvvc.nl|date=12 December 2022|access-date=28 December 2022|language=nl}}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In 1965 he introduced introduced coronary angiography in the Netherlands, as one of the in the first countries in Europe.<ref name=ref2 /> He received his doctorate from the [[University of Groningen]] in 1970 with his thesis "The diagnostic significance of the coronary arteriogram: a study on its value in relation to other diagnostic methods".<ref name=ref1 /> As a Special Fellow, Bruschke immersed himself in research into the natural course of coronary abnormalities at the [[Cleveland Clinic]] in [[Cleveland]], the United States from 1971 to 1972. His efforts resulted in multiple of publications on the progression of coronary disease. These articles were later classified as 'Citation Classics' in 1982. After his Cleveland studies, Bruschke was invited to numerous national and international committees in the field of coronary disease, including becoming Fellow of the [[Society of Cardiac Angiography]], the [[College of Chest Physicians]], the [[American College of Cardiology]] and Founding Father of the [[European Society of Cardiology]]. In 1972 Bruschke became head and trainer of the cardiology department of the {{ill|St. Antonius hospital|nl|St. Antonius Ziekenhuis (Utrecht)}} in Utrecht. He was in the Netherlands also chairman of the coronary angiography committee (1973-78), represented the [[Nederlandse Vereniging voor Cardiologie]] at the "Specialisten Registratie Commissie" (translated: Specialist Registration Committee) (1980-82) and was chairman of the board of the [[Nederlandse Vereniging voor Cardiologie]] from 1983 to 1985. He became professor and trainer of cardiology at [[Leiden University Medical Center]] in 1984. With the arrival of Bruschke, the Cardiobiochemistry laboratory also started to focus on research into the lipoproteins in blood from 1985.<ref name=ref2 /> He supervised in his period 22 [[PhD]]-students. He retired in 2000.<ref name=ref3 /> Bruschke died in Leiden on 1 December 2022, at the age of 87.<ref name=ref1 /><ref name=ref3 /> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bruschke, Albert}} [[Category:Dutch academics]] [[Category:Cardiologists]] [[Category:1935 births]] [[Category:2022 deaths]] [[Category:Scientists from Leiden]] 7sttslxmc9v2ktk1tp5mbxkcfnwgq3c 0 985914 10368491 9838220 2025-07-02T23:38:36Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Music video and promotion */ Grammar: doubled redundant "the" displayed next to each other 10368491 wikitext text/x-wiki {{good}} {{Use American English|date=November 2022}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2022}} {{Infobox song | name = Made You Look | cover = | alt = A blonde woman in a pink dress holding a prop. The text "Meghan Trainor Made You Look" stands above her. | border = yes | type = single | artist = [[Meghan Trainor]] | album = [[Takin' It Back]] | released = {{start date|2022|10|31}}<!-- Release date in the infobox corresponds with release of the song as a single. --> | recorded = | studio = | genre = *[[Doo-wop]] *[[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] | length = 2:14 | label = [[Epic Records|Epic]] | writer = *Meghan Trainor *Sean Douglas *Federico Vindver | producer = Federico Vindver | chronology = [[Meghan Trainor]] | prev_title = Bad for Me | prev_year = 2022 | next_title = Mother | next_year = 2023 | misc = {{External music video|{{YouTube|gPCCYMeXin0|"Made You Look"}}}} }} "'''Made You Look'''" is a song sung by [[Meghan Trainor]]. She is an American [[singer-songwriter]]. Trainor and Sean Douglas wrote it with its [[Record producer|producer]], Federico Vindver. [[Epic Records]] released it as a single on October 31, 2022. The song is from her fifth album, ''[[Takin' It Back]]'' (2022). It is in the [[doo-wop]] genre and is similar to older styles of famous music. Trainor was not sure about her body and wrote the song to make listeners believe in their natural [[beauty]] and get more [[confidence]]. [[Review]]ers thought "Made You Look" was [[flirting|flirty]]. They compared it to other songs by Trainor. The song was also used in a dance that became famous on [[TikTok]] in 2022. ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' magazine listed it at number 11 on their [[Billboard Hot 100|Hot 100]] music chart. It was her first song to go above number 20 since 2016. The song was also listed at number 10 or higher on the charts in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and Vietnam. The [[music video]] for it was first released in the game ''[[Candy Crush Saga]]'' in October 2022. It is colorful and many people who are famous on [[Social network service|social media]] are in it. Trainor sang the song on [[Television program|television shows]] such as ''[[Today (American TV program)|The Today Show]]'', ''[[The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon]]'', and ''The Drew Barrymore Show''. ==Background and release== [[File:DarylSabara2022.png|thumb|left|upright=0.7|Some of the words in "Made You Look" are about Trainor's husband, [[Daryl Sabara]].|alt=Daryl Sabara in a cap, t-shirt, and jacket, looking towards his right side]] [[Meghan Trainor]]'s first album, ''[[Title (album)|Title]]'' (2015), was successful.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Caufield|first=Keith|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/6443849/meghan-trainor-title-debut-number-one|title=Meghan Trainor's ''Title'' Album Earns Mighty Debut at No. 1 on ''Billboard'' 200|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=January 21, 2015|access-date=May 22, 2015|archive-date=January 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122055334/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/6443849/meghan-trainor-title-debut-number-one|url-status=live}}</ref> Three songs from it were listed higher than number 10 on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] music chart.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Trust |first=Gary |title=Adele's 'Hello' Tops Hot 100 for Second Week; Ariana Grande, Meghan Trainor Hit Top 10 |url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/adele-hello-hot-100-second-week/ |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date=April 25, 2022 |date=November 9, 2015 |archive-date=February 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202055535/https://www.billboard.com/pro/adele-hello-hot-100-second-week/ |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> She faced problems while making her third album, ''[[Treat Myself]]'' (2020). She rewrote it four times to make it successful.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Feeney |first=Nolan |title=Pop Music Is Changing, So Meghan Trainor Did Too |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8547749/meghan-trainor-new-album-treat-myself-interview |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |accessdate=October 23, 2020 |date=January 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404003302/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8547749/meghan-trainor-new-album-treat-myself-interview |archive-date=April 4, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> She decided to go back to the [[doo-wop]] genre on her fifth album after her song "Title" became famous on [[TikTok]] in 2021. She had more feelings and became stronger after getting pregnant. This helped her write better songs.<ref>{{cite web |last=Jones |first=Brian |title=Meghan Trainor Reveals How She's ''Taking It Back'' for Upcoming Album |url=https://popculture.com/music/news/meghan-trainor-reveals-taking-it-back-upcoming-album-exclusive/ |website=PopCulture.com |access-date=June 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513003131/https://popculture.com/music/news/meghan-trainor-reveals-taking-it-back-upcoming-album-exclusive/ |archive-date=May 13, 2022 |date=May 12, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Trainor wrote songs for the album which she thought people on TikTok would like.<ref>{{cite web |last=Lee |first=Tionah |title=Meghan Trainor Shares Advice for New Moms and Talks 'Made You Look' Success |url=https://www.etonline.com/meghan-trainor-shares-advice-for-new-moms-and-talks-made-you-look-success-exclusive-194785 |website=[[Entertainment Tonight]] |access-date=February 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121062254/https://www.etonline.com/meghan-trainor-shares-advice-for-new-moms-and-talks-made-you-look-success-exclusive-194785 |archive-date=November 21, 2022 |date=November 20, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> She got attention on it after making videos with Chris Olsen.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Spanos |first=Brittany |title=How Chris Olsen Became the Music World's Favorite TikTok Personality |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/chris-olsen-tiktok-meghan-trainor-1234649107/ |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |access-date=December 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220193105/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/chris-olsen-tiktok-meghan-trainor-1234649107/ |archive-date=December 20, 2022 |date=December 20, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Trainor released the song "Bad for Me" in June 2022.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Aniftos |first=Rania |title=Meghan Trainor Announces New Single 'Bad For Me' with Teddy Swims |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/meghan-trainor-teddy-swims-bad-for-me-1235103982/ |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date=November 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622002001/https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/meghan-trainor-teddy-swims-bad-for-me-1235103982/ |archive-date=June 22, 2022 |date=June 21, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Trainor and Sean Douglas wrote "Made You Look" with its [[Record producer|producer]], Federico Vindver.<ref name="Notes" /> Her [[Therapy|therapist]] asked her to look at herself with no clothes on for five minutes. This and Trainor's low [[confidence]] about her body gave her the idea for the song.<ref name="RS">{{cite magazine|first=Tomás|last=Mier|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/meghan-trainor-takin-it-back-album-interview-1372656/|title=Meghan Trainor Is Confidently ''Takin' It Back'' as a New Mom on Upcoming LP|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=June 22, 2022|access-date=June 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622231022/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/meghan-trainor-takin-it-back-album-interview-1372656/|archive-date=June 22, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Trainor wrote the words "I'll make you double take / Soon as I walk away / Call up your [[chiropractor]] just in case your neck break". These are about how her husband, [[Daryl Sabara]], turns to look at her when she goes out of a room. Other words are about the things he does for her.<ref name="Inspiration">{{cite web |last=Houghton |first=Cillea |title=Behind the Song: 'Made You Look' by Meghan Trainor |url=https://americansongwriter.com/behind-the-song-made-you-look-meghan-trainor/ |website=[[American Songwriter]] |access-date=December 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220185740/https://americansongwriter.com/behind-the-song-made-you-look-meghan-trainor/ |archive-date=December 20, 2022 |date=December 16, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Trainor wrote more songs about self-confidence like she did on her older albums like her song "[[All About That Bass]]" (2014).<ref name="Comeback Interview">{{cite magazine |last=Aniftos |first=Rania |title=Meghan Trainor on the Lessons Motherhood Taught Her – and How It Led to Comeback Hit 'Made You Look' |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/meghan-trainor-made-you-look-motherhood-interview-1235178232/ |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date=December 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202161618/https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/meghan-trainor-made-you-look-motherhood-interview-1235178232/ |archive-date=December 2, 2022 |date=December 2, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> "Made You Look" is the second single from ''[[Takin' It Back]]'' (2022).<ref name="Inspiration" /> It was given to [[radio]] in the United States on October 31, 2022.<ref name="HAC" /> The song was sent to radio in Italy on November 18, 2022.<ref name="Italy" /> On December 9, 2022, its [[a cappella]] version, on which Trainor sang with Olsen, Scott Hoying, Elyse Myers, and Sri, was released with a [[music video]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Karia |first=Vedant |title=Meghan Trainor's 'Made You Look' Has an Acapella Version Now |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/try-this/listen/meghan-trainor-releases-christmas-themed-acapella-music-video-for-made-you-look/cid/1904043 |website=The Telegraph |access-date=December 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216051309/https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/try-this/listen/meghan-trainor-releases-christmas-themed-acapella-music-video-for-made-you-look/cid/1904043 |archive-date=December 16, 2022 |date=December 16, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Joel Corry's [[remix]] of it came out on December 31, 2022, and its [[instrumental]] and faster versions in January 2023.<ref name="Corry" /><ref name="Instrumental" /><ref name="Sped Up" /> On January 27, the song was released with the singer [[Kim Petras]].<ref name="Italy Rem" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Shutler |first=Ali |title=Kim Petras Remixes Meghan Trainor's Viral Hit 'Made You Look' |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/kim-petras-remixes-meghan-trainors-viral-hit-made-you-look-3388546 |website=[[NME]] |access-date=February 19, 2023 |date=January 28, 2023 |archive-date=February 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206181738/https://www.nme.com/news/music/kim-petras-remixes-meghan-trainors-viral-hit-made-you-look-3388546 |url-status=live }}</ref> Petras recorded high notes in the studio of Trainor's home. She liked the experience. She had been listening to the song for many months.<ref name="SexierTwang">{{cite magazine |last=Mier |first=Tomás |title=Kim Petras Adds an Even Sexier Twang to Meghan Trainor Earworm 'Made You Look' |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/meghan-trainor-kim-petras-made-you-look-release-1234669738/ |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |access-date=February 19, 2023 |date=January 27, 2023 |archive-date=February 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206181733/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/meghan-trainor-kim-petras-made-you-look-release-1234669738/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Patton |first=Alli |title=Meghan Trainor Enlists Kim Petras for 'Made You Look' Remix |url=https://americansongwriter.com/meghan-trainor-enlists-kim-petras-for-made-you-look-remix/ |website=[[American Songwriter]] |access-date=February 19, 2023 |date=January 27, 2023 |archive-date=February 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206181737/https://americansongwriter.com/meghan-trainor-enlists-kim-petras-for-made-you-look-remix/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Song and words== "Made You Look" is two minutes and 14 seconds long.<ref name="Apple Music">{{cite web |title='Made You Look' by Meghan Trainor |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/made-you-look/1630437323?i=1630437329 |publisher=[[Apple Music]] (US) |access-date=November 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021040459/https://music.apple.com/us/album/made-you-look/1630437323?i=1630437329 |archive-date=October 21, 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> Vindver produced, [[Programming (music)|programmed]], and [[Audio engineer|engineered]] the song. He plays the [[Keyboard instrument|keyboards]] and [[Percussion instrument|percussion]], Jesse McGinty plays the [[baritone saxophone]] and [[trombone]], and Mike Cordone plays the [[trumpet]]. Jeremie Inhaber [[Audio mixer|mixed]] the song, and Randy Merrill [[Mastering (audio)|mastered]] it at Sterling Sound in New York City.<ref name="Notes" /> "Made You Look" is in the doo-wop genre and is similar to older styles of famous music.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Brandle |first=Lars |title=Taylor Swift's 'Anti-Hero' on Track for Fifth Week Atop U.K. Chart |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/taylor-swift-anti-hero-fifth-week-uk-midweek-chart-1235175354/ |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date=November 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122070924/https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/taylor-swift-anti-hero-fifth-week-uk-midweek-chart-1235175354/ |archive-date=November 22, 2022 |date=November 22, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Griffiths |first=George |title=Taylor vs Rihanna vs Sam & Kim: It's a Three-way Battle for the UK's Number 1 Single |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/taylor-vs-rihanna-vs-sam-kim-its-a-three-way-battle-for-the-uks-number-1-single__37698/ |publisher=[[Official Charts Company]] |access-date=October 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030185548/https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/taylor-vs-rihanna-vs-sam-kim-its-a-three-way-battle-for-the-uks-number-1-single__37698/ |archive-date=October 30, 2022 |date=October 30, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="FarOut" /> Vindver put the [[Horn (musical instrument)|horn]] into the song to make this happen.<ref name="Inspiration" /> It has many [[Harmony|harmonies]], and [[Bass guitar|bass]] and [[brass instrument]]s. Piper Westrom wrote that these are like the album ''Title'' in ''Riff'' magazine.<ref name="Riff">{{cite web |last=Westrom |first=Piper |title=Meghan Trainor Still Wants to Make You Dance with ''Takin' It Back'' |url=https://riffmagazine.com/album-reviews/meghan-trainor-takin-it-back/ |website=Riff |access-date=November 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017180407/https://riffmagazine.com/album-reviews/meghan-trainor-takin-it-back/ |archive-date=October 17, 2022 |date=October 17, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> "Made You Look" uses [[Call and response (music)|call and response]]; on the website ''[[PopMatters]]'', Peter Piatkowski thought it was like "All About That Bass" due to a similar delivery and the [[girl group]] arrangement.<ref name="Trending">{{cite magazine |last=Lipshutz |first=Jason |title=Trending Up: Rihanna and Meghan Trainor Make Two Very Different Pop Comebacks |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/rihanna-lift-me-up-meghan-trainor-made-you-look-trending-up-1235165182/ |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date=November 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102194827/https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/rihanna-lift-me-up-meghan-trainor-made-you-look-trending-up-1235165182/ |archive-date=November 2, 2022 |date=November 2, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Popmatters">{{cite web |last=Piatkowski |first=Peter |title=Meghan Trainor Looks Back and Forth With ''Takin' It Back'' |url=https://www.popmatters.com/meghan-trainor-takin-it-back |website=[[PopMatters]] |access-date=November 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114200743/https://www.popmatters.com/meghan-trainor-takin-it-back |archive-date=November 14, 2022 |date=November 14, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> The words of "Made You Look" are about loving yourself. Trainor makes the girls listening to it believe in their natural [[beauty]] and get more [[confidence]].<ref name="Inspiration" /><ref name="Trending" /> She says that while she could wear clothes from famous [[fashion]] companies like [[Gucci]] and [[Louis Vuitton]], she looks better in a [[wikt:hoodie|hoodie]] and with her hair in the morning.<ref name="Inspiration" /><ref name="BillboardLyrics">{{cite magazine |last=Aniftos |first=Rania |title=Here Are the Lyrics to Meghan Trainor's 'Made You Look' |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/lyrics/meghan-trainor-made-you-look-lyrics-1235194883/ |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date=March 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106011315/https://www.billboard.com/music/lyrics/meghan-trainor-made-you-look-lyrics-1235194883/ |archive-date=January 6, 2023 |date=January 5, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Trainor says that people would like the way she walks and think about her a lot.<ref name="BillboardLyrics" /><ref name="MV" /> ==Reviews== In [[review]]s, "Made You Look" was said to be similar to Trainor's other songs. In ''Far Out'' magazine, Tyler Golsen said that it was like Trainor's older music but also older pop music in general. He said "Made You Look" may not be a good song and he would not listen to it again, but he thought it made sense for Trainor.<ref name="FarOut">{{cite web |last=Golsen |first=Tyler |title=The Week in Number Ones: The Weeknd, Meghan Trainor, and Chuck Berry Rise |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/the-week-in-number-ones-the-weeknd-chuck-berry/ |website=Far Out |access-date=December 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124230512/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/the-week-in-number-ones-the-weeknd-chuck-berry/ |archive-date=November 24, 2022 |date=November 24, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[AllMusic]]'s Stephen Thomas Erlewine said that the line about fashion companies in "Made You Look" showed that Trainor wanted to go back to the sound of ''Title''. But he thought this was not fully natural.<ref>{{cite web |last=Erlewine |first=Stephen Thomas |title=Meghan Trainor - ''Takin' It Back'' |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/takin-it-back-mw0003743581 |publisher=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=November 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103181652/https://www.allmusic.com/album/takin-it-back-mw0003743581 |archive-date=November 3, 2022 |date=November 3, 2022}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' put it at number 69 in a list of the best songs of 2022. Tomás Mier gave it a good review. In the review, he said it was like Trainor's old songs and said good things about the words and production.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=The 100 Best Songs of 2022 |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/best-songs-2022-list-1234632381/meghan-trainor-made-you-look-1234632632/ |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |access-date=December 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205155225/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/best-songs-2022-list-1234632381/meghan-trainor-made-you-look-1234632632/ |archive-date=December 5, 2022 |date=December 5, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Some thought the song's words were [[flirting|flirty]]. Martina Inchingolo wrote in the [[Associated Press]] that Trainor sang "loud[er] and [[Physical attractiveness|sexier]]" on the song.<ref>{{cite web |last=Inchingolo |first=Martina |title=Review: Meghan Trainor's Album Is a Therapy Session for All |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/review-meghan-trainors-album-therapy-session-91874648 |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |access-date=November 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021232551/https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/review-meghan-trainors-album-therapy-session-91874648 |archive-date=October 21, 2022 |date=October 22, 2022}}</ref> Writing for ''Renowned for Sound'', Max Akass believed she was fun and flirty on it. This made it an easy and effective pop song.<ref>{{cite web|last=Akass|first=Max|date=October 26, 2022|url=https://renownedforsound.com/album-review-meghan-trainor-takin-it-back/|title=Album Review: Meghan Trainor – ''Takin' It Back''|website=Renowned for Sound|access-date=December 21, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222032956/https://renownedforsound.com/album-review-meghan-trainor-takin-it-back/|archive-date=December 22, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Mier said Petras's part on her remix of "Made You Look" was "sexy".<ref name="SexierTwang" /> ==Chart performance== "Made You Look" did better than many Trainor songs. Some people thought she became successful again.<ref name="Comeback Interview" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Griffiths |first=George |title=Taylor Swift's 'Anti-Hero' Becomes One of the Longest-running Number 1 Singles of 2022 |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/taylor-swift-s-anti-hero-becomes-one-of-the-longest-running-number-1-singles-of-2022-__37962/ |publisher=[[Official Charts Company]] |access-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322124855/https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/taylor-swift-s-anti-hero-becomes-one-of-the-longest-running-number-1-singles-of-2022-__37962/ |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |date=November 25, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> The song was first put at number 95 on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 music chart for November 5, 2022.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=The Hot 100 Chart |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100/2022-11-05/ |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date=March 21, 2023 |archive-date=November 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102124906/https://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100/2022-11-05/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It got 9.3 million listens next week and got to number 49 on the Streaming Songs chart. None of her other songs had done this since "[[Me Too (song)|Me Too]]" in 2016.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Rutherford |first=Kevin |title=Meghan Trainor Back on Streaming Songs Chart for First Time in 6 Years |url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/meghan-trainor-back-streaming-songs-chart-first-time-since-2016/ |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date=November 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109205054/https://www.billboard.com/pro/meghan-trainor-back-streaming-songs-chart-first-time-since-2016/ |archive-date=November 9, 2022 |date=November 9, 2022|url-access=subscription |url-status=live}}</ref> It went to number 11 on the Hot 100. None of her songs after "Me Too" had gone above number 40.<ref name="US" /> "Made You Look" was put in the number one position on the Adult Top 40 chart. It was Trainor's first since "[[Like I'm Gonna Lose You]]" in 2015.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Trust |first=Gary |title=Meghan Trainor 'Crying Happy Tears' as 'Made You Look' Tops Adult Pop Airplay Chart |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/meghan-trainor-made-you-look-number-one-adult-pop-airplay-chart-1235256383/ |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date=February 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218190211/https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/meghan-trainor-made-you-look-number-one-adult-pop-airplay-chart-1235256383/ |archive-date=February 18, 2023 |date=February 18, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> In Canada, "Made You Look" got to number seven on the [[Canadian Hot 100]] music chart.<ref name="CA" /> It was number two on the [[UK Singles Chart]] and became her first single to be higher than number 10 since "Marvin Gaye" in 2015.<ref name="UK" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Griffiths |first=George |title=Taylor Swift on Track for Third Week at Number 1 with 'Anti-Hero' |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/taylor-swift-on-track-for-third-week-at-number-1-with-anti-hero__37751/ |publisher=[[Official Charts Company]] |access-date=November 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106191220/https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/taylor-swift-on-track-for-third-week-at-number-1-with-anti-hero__37751/ |archive-date=November 6, 2022 |date=November 6, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[British Phonographic Industry]] gave it a Platinum [[Music recording sales certification|certification]].<ref name="BPI" /> In Australia, "Made You Look" got to number three and got a 3× Platinum certification from the [[Australian Recording Industry Association]].<ref name="AU" /><ref name="ARIA" /> The song reached number two in New Zealand and was given a Platinum certification from [[Recorded Music NZ]].<ref name="NZ" /><ref name="RMNZ" /> It was Trainor's first song to go above number 10 on the [[Billboard Global 200|''Billboard'' Global 200]] chart. It reached number six.<ref name="GL" /> "Made You Look" went above number 10 in other places, at number two in Singapore,<ref name="SI" /> number three in Belgium, Iceland, and Ireland,<ref name="BE" /><ref name="IC" /><ref name="IR" /> number five in Vietnam,<ref name="VI" /> number six in Latvia,<ref name="LA" /> number seven in Norway,<ref name="NO" /> and number eight in Malaysia.<ref name="MA" /> It also got to number 11 in Hungary,<ref name="HU" /> number 13 in Croatia and the Netherlands,<ref name="CR" /><ref name="NE" /> number 15 in Paraguay,<ref name="PA" /> number 16 in Austria,<ref name="AUT" /> and number 19 in Switzerland.<ref name="SW" /> It received a Platinum certification in Norway,<ref name="IFPIN" /> Poland,<ref name="ZPAV" /> and Switzerland,<ref name="IFPIS" /> and Gold in Austria,<ref name="IFPIA" /> Denmark,<ref name="IFPID" /> Italy,<ref name="FIMI" /> Portugal,<ref name="AFP" /> and Sweden.<ref name="GLF" /> ==Music video and promotion== The music video for "Made You Look" was first released in the game ''[[Candy Crush Saga]]'' on October 20, 2022. It was put on other places the next day. Trainor said she wanted it to be a bigger and more colorful version of the "All About That Bass" video.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rice |first=Nicholas |title=Meghan Trainor Says Her Work Is 'Elevated' Now, Compared to Her Musical Debut from Years Ago |url=https://people.com/music/meghan-trainor-says-work-now-is-elevated-compared-to-musical-debut-exclusive/ |website=[[People (magazine)|People]] |access-date=October 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014142124/https://people.com/music/meghan-trainor-says-work-now-is-elevated-compared-to-musical-debut-exclusive/ |archive-date=October 14, 2022 |date=October 14, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> In it, she wears different clothes in a press meeting, drives a car, and dances in a room. Famous people like Hoying, [[JoJo Siwa]], Drew Afualo, and Olsen dance in the video. Sabara is the car driver.<ref name="MV">{{cite magazine|last=Paul|first=Larisha|date=October 21, 2022|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/meghan-trainor-debuts-made-you-look-music-video-from-takin-it-back-1234615784/|title=Meghan Trainor Reclaims Her Power with Boundless Confidence in 'Made You Look' Video|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=November 19, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021162618/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/meghan-trainor-debuts-made-you-look-music-video-from-takin-it-back-1234615784/|archive-date=October 21, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> The video was also released with some changes, including only Trainor's dance, which was called "Made You Look (Again)".<ref>{{cite web |title='Made You Look' (Again) by Meghan Trainor |url=https://music.apple.com/us/music-video/made-you-look-again/1654246024 |publisher=[[Apple Music]] (US) |access-date=December 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126183119/https://music.apple.com/us/music-video/made-you-look-again/1654246024 |archive-date=November 26, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> The girls Brookie and Jessie used "Made You Look" in a dance that became famous on TikTok. Two million other people also did the dance.<ref name="Comeback Interview" /> Trainor sang the song on many [[Television program|television shows]]. On October 21, 2022, she sang "Made You Look" for the first time on ''[[Today (American TV program)|The Today Show]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=See Meghan Trainor Sing New Song 'Made You Look' on ''Today'' |url=https://www.today.com/video/see-meghan-trainor-sing-new-song-made-you-look-on-today-151222853913 |work=[[Today (American TV program)|Today]] |access-date=October 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022030335/https://www.today.com/video/see-meghan-trainor-sing-new-song-made-you-look-on-today-151222853913 |archive-date=October 22, 2022 |date=October 21, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Three days later, Trainor sang it again on ''[[The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Meghan Trainor: Made You Look – ''The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon'' |url=https://www.fltimes.com/meghan-trainor-made-you-look-the-tonight-show-starring-jimmy-fallon/video_e0fca06c-b64c-552f-ba0a-5a93a1d00d31.html |website=Finger Lakes Times |access-date=October 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028084613/https://www.fltimes.com/meghan-trainor-made-you-look-the-tonight-show-starring-jimmy-fallon/video_e0fca06c-b64c-552f-ba0a-5a93a1d00d31.html |archive-date=October 28, 2022 |date=October 25, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> She mixed it with the song "[[Here Comes Santa Claus]]" during a performance at ''The Wonderful World of Disney: Magical Holiday Celebration'' on November 27, 2022.<ref>{{cite web |last=Donnelly |first=Jim |title=ABC and Disney Parks Annual Holiday Specials 2022 |url=https://abc.com/news/insider/watch-disney-parks-holiday-celebrations-2022-on-abc-and-the-abc-app-hulu-disney-plus |publisher=[[American Broadcasting Company]] (ABC) |access-date=December 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123100829/https://abc.com/news/insider/watch-disney-parks-holiday-celebrations-2022-on-abc-and-the-abc-app-hulu-disney-plus |archive-date=November 23, 2022 |date=November 22, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> On December 13, 2022, Trainor sang "Made You Look" on ''The Drew Barrymore Show''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Meghan Trainor Performs Live on ''The Drew Barrymore Show''! |url=https://www.thedrewbarrymoreshow.com/videos/meghan-trainor-performs-live-on-the-drew-barrymore-show |website=The Drew Barrymore Show |access-date=December 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220145934/https://www.thedrewbarrymoreshow.com/videos/meghan-trainor-performs-live-on-the-drew-barrymore-show |archive-date=December 20, 2022 |date=December 13, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> She again sang the song on the eighth season of ''Australian Idol'' on February 27, 2023.<ref>{{cite web |last=Christmass |first=Pip |title=Meghan Trainor to Perform Smash Hit Live on ''Australian Idol'' |url=https://7news.com.au/entertainment/meghan-trainor-to-perform-smash-hit-live-on-australian-idol-c-9833189 |website=Seven News |access-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222080538/https://7news.com.au/entertainment/meghan-trainor-to-perform-smash-hit-live-on-australian-idol-c-9833189 |archive-date=February 22, 2023 |date=February 22, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==Credits== Credits are listed from the CD book of ''Takin' It Back''.<ref name="Notes">{{cite AV media notes|title=Takin' It Back|others=[[Meghan Trainor]]|year=2022|author=[[Epic Records]]}}</ref> *Federico Vindver&nbsp;– producer, songwriter, [[Programming (music)|programming]], [[Audio engineer|engineering]], [[Keyboard instrument|keyboards]], [[Percussion instrument|percussion]] *Meghan Trainor&nbsp;– songwriter *Sean Douglas&nbsp;– songwriter *Jesse McGinty&nbsp;– [[baritone saxophone]], [[trombone]] *Mike Cordone&nbsp;– [[trumpet]] *Randy Merrill&nbsp;– [[Mastering (audio)|mastering]] *Jeremie Inhaber&nbsp;– [[Audio mixer|mixing]] ==Charts== {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} ===Weekly charts=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ "Made You Look" was put on these weekly charts ! scope="col"| Chart (2022–2023) ! scope="col"| Peak<br />position |- {{single chart|Australia|3|artist=Meghan Trainor|song=Made You Look|rowheader=true|access-date=January 2, 2023|refname="AU"}} |- {{single chart|Austria|16|artist=Meghan Trainor|song=Made You Look|rowheader=true|access-date=November 24, 2022|refname="AUT"}} |- {{single chart|Flanders|3|artist=Meghan Trainor|song=Made You Look|rowheader=true|access-date=January 8, 2023|refname="BE"}} |- {{single chart|Wallonia|7|artist=Meghan Trainor|song=Made You Look|rowheader=true|access-date=February 19, 2023}} |- {{single chart|Canada|7|artist=Meghan Trainor|rowheader=true|access-date=January 18, 2023|refname="CA"}} |- {{single chart|Billboardcanadaac|2|artist=Meghan Trainor|rowheader=true|access-date=April 15, 2023}} |- {{single chart|Billboardcanadachrtop40|2|artist=Meghan Trainor|rowheader=true|access-date=March 18, 2023}} |- {{single chart|Billboardcanadahotac|3|artist=Meghan Trainor|rowheader=true|access-date=February 1, 2023}} |- ! scope="row"| [[Commonwealth of Independent States|CIS]] (TopHit)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Top Radio Hits Global Weekly Chart {{!}} 23/12/2022 - 29/12/2022 {{!}} TopHit Music Charts|url=https://tophit.ru/en/chart/airplay/weekly/2022-12-23/all/all|date=December 23, 2022|access-date=January 5, 2023|publisher=TopHit|language=en|archive-date=January 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104225956/https://tophit.ru/en/chart/airplay/weekly/2022-12-23/all/all|url-status=live}}</ref> | 80 |- ! scope="row"| Croatia (HRT)<ref name="CR">{{cite web|url=https://api.hrt.hr/media/6d/aa/arc-100-2022-12-26-20221227151133.pdf|title=HRT Airplay Radio Chart No. 1059 - Issue Date: December 26th 2022|access-date=28 December 2022|date=27 December 2022|language=en|publisher=Hrvatska Radiotelevizija|archive-date=December 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228170205/https://api.hrt.hr/media/6d/aa/arc-100-2022-12-26-20221227151133.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | 13 |- {{single chart|Czech Republic|30|year=2023|week=8|rowheader=true|access-date=February 27, 2023}} |- {{single chart|Czechdigital|37|year=2022|week=46|rowheader=true|access-date=November 21, 2022}} |- {{single chart|Denmark|22|artist=Meghan Trainor|song=Made You Look|rowheader=true|access-date=January 2, 2023}} |- {{Single chart|Finnishairplay|58|artist=Meghan Trainor|song=Made You Look|rowheader=true|access-date=December 5, 2022}} |- {{single chart|France|153|artist=Meghan Trainor|song=Made You Look|rowheader=true|access-date=December 4, 2022|refname="FR"}} |- {{single chart|Germany|26|songid=2315414|artist=Meghan Trainor|song=Made You Look|rowheader=true|access-date=November 25, 2022}} |- ! scope="row"| Germany Airplay (BVMI)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://germancharts.de/airplay_charts.asp?week=202306|title=Airplay Charts Deutschland Woche 06/2023|trans-title=Airplay Charts Germany Week 6, 2023|publisher=Hung Medien & MusicTrace on behalf of Bundesverband Musikindustrie|website=Germancharts.de|accessdate=15 August 2023|language=de}}</ref> | 14 |- {{single chart|Billboardglobal200|6|artist=Meghan Trainor|rowheader=true|access-date=November 29, 2022|refname="GL"}} |- ! scope="row"| Greece International (IFPI)<ref>{{Cite web |title=IFPI Charts |url=https://www.ifpi.gr/digital_iel.html |access-date=November 9, 2022 |publisher=IFPI Greece |archive-date=November 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109141825/https://www.ifpi.gr/digital_iel.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | 35 |- {{single chart|Hungary|28|year=2023|week=3|rowheader=true|access-date=January 26, 2023}} |- {{single chart|Hungarysingle|11|year=2022|week=47|rowheader=true|access-date=December 1, 2022|refname="HU"}} |- {{single chart|Hungarystream|35|year=2022|week=46|rowheader=true|access-date=November 24, 2022}} |- ! scope="row"| Iceland (Plötutíðindi)<ref name="IC">{{cite web|url=http://plotutidindi.is/tonlistinn/|title=Tónlistinn – Lög|trans-title=The Music – Songs|language=is|publisher=Plötutíðindi|access-date=14 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111212941/http://plotutidindi.is/tonlistinn/|archive-date=11 January 2023}}</ref> | 3 |- {{single chart|Ireland4|3|date=20221125|rowheader=true|access-date=November 25, 2022|refname="IR"}} |- ! scope="row"| Italy (FIMI)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fimi.it/top-of-the-music/classifiche.kl#/charts/3/2023/1|title=Top Singoli – Classifica settimanale WK 1|publisher=Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana|language=it|access-date=January 10, 2023|archive-date=March 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318054616/https://www.fimi.it/top-of-the-music/classifiche.kl#/charts/3/2023/1|url-status=live}}</ref> | 59 |- ! scope="row"| Japan Hot Overseas (''Billboard Japan'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard-japan.com/charts/detail?a=d_and_a_overseas&year=2023&month=01&day=23|title=''Billboard'' Japan Hot Overseas – Week of January 18, 2023|website=Billboard Japan|language=ja|access-date=January 18, 2023|archive-date=January 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118055014/https://www.billboard-japan.com/charts/detail?a=d_and_a_overseas&year=2023&month=01&day=23|url-status=live}}</ref> | 2 |- ! scope="row"| Latvia Airplay (LAIPA)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.parmuziku.lv/muzikas-zinas/latvija/latvijas-radio-stacijas-speletakas-dziesmas-top-19-nedela-9759|title=Latvijas radio stacijās spēlētākās dziesmas TOP|language=lv|publisher=LAIPA|access-date=May 28, 2023|date=March 6, 2023}}</ref> | 5 |- ! scope="row"| Latvia (EHR)<ref name="LA">{{cite web|url=https://www.ehrhiti.lv/arhivs/ehr-top-40?airDate=2023.02.03|title=EHR TOP 40 – 2023.02.03|publisher=European Hit Radio|access-date=February 7, 2023|archive-date=February 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204150254/https://www.ehrhiti.lv/arhivs/ehr-top-40?airDate=2023.02.03|url-status=live}}</ref> | 6 |- ! scope="row"| Lithuania (AGATA)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.agata.lt/lt/naujienos/s1/|title=2023 1-os savaitės klausomiausi (Top 100)|publisher=AGATA|language=lt|date=January 6, 2023|access-date=January 6, 2023|archive-date=January 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106100608/https://www.agata.lt/lt/naujienos/s1/|url-status=live}}</ref> | 35 |- ! scope="row"| Luxembourg (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/meghan-trainor/chart-history/i12/|title=Meghan Trainor Chart History (Luxembourg Songs)|magazine=Billboard|access-date=11 February 2023|archive-date=February 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215224629/https://www.billboard.com/artist/meghan-trainor/chart-history/i12/|url-status=live}}</ref> | 23 |- ! scope="row" | Malaysia (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref name="MA">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/meghan-trainor/chart-history/i34|title=Meghan Trainor Chart History (Malaysia Songs)|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=November 22, 2022|archive-date=November 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122073825/https://www.billboard.com/artist/meghan-trainor/chart-history/i34/|url-status=live}}</ref> | 8 |- ! scope="row" | Malaysia International (RIM)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/RecordingIndustryMalaysia/posts/pfbid02NmXohcXAnWoFcPEmqvVVwV1EXjmUnryH75SsSfrK6RvniMQrXY3GBYV71ctx171pl|title=Top 20 Most Streamed International Singles In Malaysia Week 48 (25/11/2022-01/12/2022)|publisher=RIM|date=December 10, 2022|access-date=December 11, 2022|via=[[Facebook]]|archive-date=December 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210200310/https://www.facebook.com/RecordingIndustryMalaysia/posts/pfbid02NmXohcXAnWoFcPEmqvVVwV1EXjmUnryH75SsSfrK6RvniMQrXY3GBYV71ctx171pl|url-status=live}}</ref> | 3 |- {{single chart|Dutch40|13|year=2022|week=53|rowheader=true|access-date=December 31, 2022|refname="NE"}} |- {{single chart|Dutch100|17|artist=Meghan Trainor|song=Made You Look|rowheader=true|access-date=January 7, 2023}} |- {{single chart|New Zealand|2|artist=Meghan Trainor|song=Made You Look|rowheader=true|access-date=January 2, 2023|refname="NZ"}} |- ! scope="row"| Nigeria (''TurnTable'' Top 100)<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.turntablecharts.com/Charts/Top50|title=TurnTable Nigeria Top 100|magazine=TurnTable|access-date=December 30, 2022|archive-date=January 8, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108203840/https://www.turntablecharts.com/Charts/Top50|url-status=live}}</ref> | 47 |- {{single chart|Norway|7|artist=Meghan Trainor|song=Made You Look|rowheader=true|access-date=January 2, 2023|refname="NO"}} |- ! scope="row"| Paraguay (Monitor Latino)<ref name="PA">{{Cite web|url=http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top20/print/Paraguay/General/20230123|title=Top 20 Paraguay del 23 al 29 de Enero, 2023|publisher=Monitor Latino|accessdate=31 January 2023|archive-date=February 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219063124/http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top20/print/Paraguay/General/20230123|url-status=live}}</ref> | 15 |- ! scope="row" | Philippines (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref name="PH">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/meghan-trainor/chart-history/i42/|title=Meghan Trainor Chart History (Philippines Songs)|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=November 22, 2022|archive-date=November 15, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115083143/https://www.billboard.com/artist/meghan-trainor/chart-history/i42/|url-status=live}}</ref> | 3 |- ! scope="row"| Poland (Polish Airplay Top 100)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olis.pl/charts/oficjalna-lista-airplay|title=OLiS – oficjalna lista airplay|publisher=[[OLiS]]|language=Polish|access-date=January 16, 2023|type=Select week 07.01.2023–13.01.2023.|archive-date=January 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123185634/https://www.olis.pl/charts/oficjalna-lista-airplay|url-status=live}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Poland (Polish Streaming Top 100)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olis.pl/charts/oficjalna-lista-sprzedazy/single-w-streamie|title=OLiS – oficjalna lista sprzedaży – single w streamie|publisher=[[OLiS]]|language=Polish|access-date=January 16, 2023|type=Select week 06.01.2023–12.01.2023.|archive-date=February 2, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202134558/https://www.olis.pl/charts/oficjalna-lista-sprzedazy/single-w-streamie|url-status=live}}</ref> | 63 |- {{single chart|Portugal|35|artist=Meghan Trainor|song=Made You Look|rowheader=true|access-date=November 21, 2022}} |- ! scope="row"| Singapore (RIAS)<ref name="SI">{{cite web|url=https://www.rias.org.sg/rias-top-charts/|title=RIAS Top Charts Week 50 (9 - 15 Dec 2022)|publisher=RIAS|access-date=December 20, 2022|archive-date=December 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220083058/https://www.rias.org.sg/rias-top-charts/}}</ref> | 2 |- {{single chart|Slovakia|14|year=2023|week=5|rowheader=true|access-date=February 6, 2023}} |- {{single chart|Slovakdigital|30|year=2023|week=1|rowheader=true|access-date=January 9, 2023}} |- ! scope="row"| South Africa (RISA)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theofficialsacharts.co.za/charts/local-international-streaming-chart-top-100-week-45-2022/|title=Local & International Streaming Chart Top 100 Week 45-2022|publisher=Recording Industry of South Africa|access-date=November 19, 2022|archive-url=https://archive.today/20221119052915/https://theofficialsacharts.co.za/charts/local-international-streaming-chart-top-100-week-45-2022/|archive-date=November 19, 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 22 |- ! scope="row"| South Korea (Circle)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://circlechart.kr/page_chart/onoff.circle?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=ALL&targetTime=02&hitYear=2023&termGbn=week&yearTime=3|title=Digital Chart – 2023 Week 2|publisher=Circle Chart|language=ko|date=January 8–14, 2023|access-date=January 19, 2023|archive-date=January 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119020100/https://circlechart.kr/page_chart/onoff.circle?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=ALL&targetTime=02&hitYear=2023&termGbn=week&yearTime=3|url-status=live}}</ref> | 75 |- ! scope="row"| Spain (PROMUSICAE)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://elportaldemusica.es/lists/top-100-canciones/2023/5|title=Top 100 Canciones: Semana 6|publisher=Productores de Música de España|access-date=February 6, 2023|archive-date=February 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206160419/https://elportaldemusica.es/lists/top-100-canciones/2023/5|url-status=live}}</ref> | 87 |- ! scope="row"| Suriname (Nationale Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nationaletop40.sr/de-top-40-lijst-voor-9-16-feb-2023/|title=De Top 40 Lijst Voor 9 – 16 Feb 2023|trans-title=The Top 40 List For 9 – Feb 16, 2023|publisher=Nationale Top 40 Suriname|date=9 February 2023|access-date=July 5, 2023}}</ref> | 34 |- ! scope="row"| Sweden ([[Sverigetopplistan]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sverigetopplistan.se/chart/41?dspy=2023&dspp=1|title=Veckolista Singlar, vecka 1|publisher=[[Sverigetopplistan]]|access-date=January 10, 2023|archive-date=January 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104130738/https://www.sverigetopplistan.se/chart/41?dspy=2023&dspp=1|url-status=live}}</ref> | 21 |- {{single chart|Switzerland|19|artist=Meghan Trainor|song=Made You Look|rowheader=true|access-date=November 28, 2022|refname="SW"}} |- {{single chart|Ukraine|71|date=2023-01-27|rowheader=true|access-date=3 February 2023}} |- {{single chart|UK|2|date=20221202|rowheader=true|access-date=December 2, 2022|refname="UK"}} |- {{single chart|Billboardhot100|11|artist=Meghan Trainor|rowheader=true|access-date=February 7, 2023|refname="US"}} |- {{single chart|Billboardadultcontemporary|9|artist=Meghan Trainor|rowheader=true|access-date=March 14, 2023}} |- {{single chart|Billboardadultpopsongs|1|artist=Meghan Trainor|rowheader=true|access-date=February 18, 2023}} |- {{single chart|Billboarddanceairplay|16|artist=Meghan Trainor|rowheader=true|access-date=February 11, 2023}} |- {{single chart|Billboardpopsongs|5|artist=Meghan Trainor|rowheader=true|access-date=January 21, 2023}} |- ! scope="row" | Vietnam (Vietnam Hot 100)<ref name="VI">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/meghan-trainor/chart-history/vtm/|title=Meghan Trainor Chart History (''Billboard Vietnam'' Hot 100)|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=December 8, 2022|archive-date=December 2, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202002231/https://www.billboard.com/artist/meghan-trainor/chart-history/vtm/|url-status=live}}</ref> | 5 |} {{col-2}} ===Monthly charts=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ "Made You Look" was put on these monthly charts ! scope="col" | Chart (2023) ! scope="col" | Peak<br />position |- ! scope="row" | South Korea (Circle)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://circlechart.kr/page_chart/onoff.circle?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=ALL&targetTime=01&hitYear=2023&termGbn=month&yearTime=3|title=Digital Chart – January 2023|website=Circle Chart|language=ko|access-date=February 9, 2023|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209025439/https://circlechart.kr/page_chart/onoff.circle?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=ALL&targetTime=01&hitYear=2023&termGbn=month&yearTime=3|url-status=live}}</ref> | 76 |} ===Year-end charts=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ "Made You Look" was put on these charts for the year 2022 ! scope="col"| Chart (2022) ! scope="col"| Position |- ! scope="row"| Belgium (Ultratop Flanders)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ultratop.be/nl/annual.asp?year=2022|title=Jaaroverzichten 2022|publisher=[[Ultratop]]|language=nl|access-date=January 13, 2023|archive-date=January 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113140018/https://www.ultratop.be/nl/annual.asp?year=2022|url-status=live}}</ref> | 178 |- ! scope="row"| Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.top40.nl/bijzondere-lijsten/top-100-jaaroverzichten/2022|title=Top 100-Jaaroverzicht van 2022|publisher=Dutch Top 40|language=nl|access-date=January 3, 2023|archive-date=January 3, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103204413/https://www.top40.nl/bijzondere-lijsten/top-100-jaaroverzichten/2022|url-status=live}}</ref> | 99 |} {{col-end}} ==Certifications== {{Certification Table Top|caption="Made You Look" got a certification in these countries}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Australia|type=single|award=Platinum|number=3|relyear=2022|certyear=2023|certref=<ref name="ARIA">{{cite web |title=ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2023 Singles |url=https://www.dropbox.com/sh/k9o2q7p7o4awhqx/AADtx6dHUkkUEdtLmONyV5FFa/June%202023%20Single%20Accreds.pdf |publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] |accessdate=July 9, 2023}}</ref>|access-date=July 9, 2023}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Austria|type=single|award=Gold|artist=Meghan Trainor|title=Made You Look|relyear=2022|certyear=2023|access-date=March 24, 2023|refname="IFPIA"}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Belgium|type=single|award=Gold|relyear=2022|certyear=2023|access-date=August 26, 2023|refname="BEA"}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Denmark|type=single|award=Gold|artist=Meghan Trainor|title=Made You Look|relyear=2022|certyear=2023|id=12253|access-date=March 24, 2023|refname="IFPID"}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Italy|type=single|award=Gold|artist=Meghan Trainor|title=Made You Look|relyear=2022|certyear=2023|id=10595|access-date=February 27, 2023|refname="FIMI"}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=New Zealand|type=single|award=Platinum|artist=Meghan Trainor|title=Made You Look|relyear=2022|certyear=2023|id=5503|access-date=February 25, 2023|refname="RMNZ"}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Norway|artist=Meghan Trainor|title=Made You Look|award=Platinum|type=single|relyear=2022|certyear=2023|access-date=March 21, 2023|refname="IFPIN"}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Poland|artist=Meghan Trainor|title=Made You Look|award=Platinum|type=single|relyear=2022|certyear=2023|access-date=September 6, 2023|refname="ZPAV"}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Portugal|artist=Meghan Trainor|title=Made You Look|award=Gold|type=single|relyear=2022|certyear=2023|id=file_2023-02-25-03-25-49.pdf|access-date=March 24, 2023|refname="AFP"}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Switzerland|type=single|award=Platinum|artist=Meghan Trainor|title=Made You Look|relyear=2022|certyear=2023|access-date=June 2, 2023|refname="IFPIS"}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=United Kingdom|type=single|award=Platinum|artist=Meghan Trainor|title=Made You Look|relyear=2022|certyear=2023|id=18588-3960-1|access-date=May 2, 2023|refname="BPI"}} {{Certification Table Entry|region=Sweden|type=single|award=Gold|artist=Meghan Trainor|title=Made You Look|relyear=2022|certyear=2023|certweek=8|position=49|access-date=February 25, 2023|refname="GLF"}} {{Certification Table Bottom|nosales=true|noshipments=true|streaming=true}} ==Release history== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+ These are the days on which "Made You Look" was released ! scope="col" | Region ! scope="col" | Date ! scope="col" | Format(s) ! scope="col" | Version ! scope="col" | Label ! scope="col" | {{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- ! scope="row" | United States | October 31, 2022 | Hot adult contemporary | rowspan="2" | Original | [[Epic Records|Epic]] | align="center" | <ref name="HAC" >{{cite web|url = http://www.allaccess.com/hot-modern-ac/future-releases|title = Hot/Modern/AC > Future Releases|publisher = All Access Music Group|access-date = October 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019223254/http://www.allaccess.com/hot-modern-ac/future-releases |archive-date=October 19, 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | Italy | November 18, 2022 | [[Airplay|Radio airplay]] | [[Sony Music|Sony]] | align="center" | <ref name="Italy" >{{cite press release |last=Sisti |first=Sara |title=Meghan Trainor 'Made You Look' |url=https://radiodate.it/radio-date/meghan-trainor-made-you-look-234354-18-11-2022-radiodate/ |publisher=Radio Airplay SRL |access-date=November 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111170259/https://radiodate.it/radio-date/meghan-trainor-made-you-look-234354-18-11-2022-radiodate/ |archive-date=November 11, 2022 |language=Italian |url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" rowspan="5" | Various | December 9, 2022 | rowspan="5" | {{hlist|[[Music download|Digital download]]|[[Streaming media|streaming]]}} | [[A cappella]] | rowspan="5" | Epic | align="center" | <ref name="Acappella">{{cite web |title='Made You Look' (A Cappella) [feat. Sri, Scott Hoying, Elyse Myers & Chris Olsen] by Meghan Trainor |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/made-you-look-a-cappella-feat-sri-scott-hoying/1658405438 |publisher=[[Apple Music]] (US) |access-date=December 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210113055/https://music.apple.com/us/album/made-you-look-a-cappella-feat-sri-scott-hoying/1658405438 |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | December 31, 2022 | Joel Corry remix | align="center" | <ref name="Corry">{{cite web |title='Made You Look' (Joel Corry Remix) by Meghan Trainor |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/made-you-look-joel-corry-remix-single/1660355270 |publisher=[[Apple Music]] (US) |access-date=January 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230191924/https://music.apple.com/us/album/made-you-look-joel-corry-remix-single/1660355270 |archive-date=December 30, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | January 12, 2023 | Instrumental | align="center" | <ref name="Instrumental">{{cite web |title='Made You Look' (Instrumental) - Single by Meghan Trainor |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/made-you-look-instrumental-single/1667659739 |publisher=[[Apple Music]] (US) |access-date=January 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127063712/https://music.apple.com/us/album/made-you-look-instrumental-single/1667659739 |archive-date=January 27, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | Sped Up | align="center" | <ref name="Sped Up">{{cite web |title='Made You Look' (Sped Up Version) - Single by Meghan Trainor |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/made-you-look-sped-up-version-single/1667660344 |publisher=[[Apple Music]] (US) |access-date=January 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127064041/https://music.apple.com/us/album/made-you-look-sped-up-version-single/1667660344 |archive-date=January 27, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | January 27, 2023 | rowspan="2" | [[Kim Petras]] remix | align="center" | <ref>{{cite web |title='Made You Look' (feat. Kim Petras) - Single by Meghan Trainor |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/made-you-look-feat-kim-petras-single/1667370114 |publisher=[[Apple Music]] (US) |access-date=January 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127064229/https://music.apple.com/us/album/made-you-look-feat-kim-petras-single/1667370114 |archive-date=January 27, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | Italy | Radio airplay | Sony | align="center" | <ref name="Italy Rem">{{cite press release |last=Sisti |first=Sara |title=Meghan Trainor Feat. Kim Petras 'Made You Look' {{!}} (Radio Date: 27/01/2023) |url=https://radiodate.it/radio-date/meghan-trainor-feat-kim-petras-made-you-look-234638-27-01-2023-radiodate/ |publisher=Radio Airplay SRL |access-date=January 31, 2023 |language=Italian |url-status=live |archive-date=January 31, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131015956/https://radiodate.it/radio-date/meghan-trainor-feat-kim-petras-made-you-look-234638-27-01-2023-radiodate/ }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | Australia | February 3, 2023 | [[CD single]] | Original | Epic | align="center" | <ref>{{cite web |title='Made You Look' - Limited Edition |url=https://www.sanity.com.au/products/2744069/Made-You-Look---Limited-Edition- |publisher=Sanity |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305193341/https://www.sanity.com.au/products/2744069/Made-You-Look---Limited-Edition- |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> |} ==References== {{reflist}} {{Meghan Trainor}} {{Kim Petras}} {{authority control}} [[Category:2022 songs]] [[Category:Meghan Trainor songs]] [[Category:Doo-wop songs]] [[Category:R&B songs]] tlr83w874kqm4l31bzh96ajtbkcy6tg 0 986041 10368703 10233887 2025-07-03T02:14:15Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 typo: duplication 10368703 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Anne Bouillon | image = Anne Bouillon2.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_place = [[France]] | nationality = France | family = [[Josephine Baker]], [[:en:Bastien Bouillon|Bastien Bouillon]], [[:en:Jo Bouillon|Jo Bouillon]] | known for = ''[[Anne Bouillon : Justice pour toutes]]'' | occupation = Lawyer | years_active = | website = }} '''Anne Bouillon''' is a French lawyer born in [[1972]], specializing in [[Women's rights movement|women's rights]].<ref>[https://www.liberation.fr/societe/droits-des-femmes/anne-bouillon-femmes-je-vous-plaide-20210502_HKNMCKKHW5FY7KORCPAG3AGADU]Liberation.fr</ref><ref>[https://www.la-croix.com/JournalV2/Robe-noire-verbe-haut-2020-05-19-1101094956]{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} La Croix.com</ref> She is registered with the bar of Nantes . According to [[GQ|GQ (magazine)]] she is the most powerful female lawyer in [[France]] in [[2019]].<ref>[https://www.gqmagazine.fr/pop-culture/article/les-30-avocats-les-plus-puissants-de-france-edition-2019 Les 30 avocats les plus puissants de France GQMagazine.fr]</ref> Anne Bouillon was sworn in January 2001 before the Aix-en-Provence Court of Appeal after graduating at the top of her class.<ref>[https://www.loire-atlantique.fr/44/violences-faites-aux-femmes/rencontre-avec-anne-bouillon-l-avocate-specialisee-dans-la-defense-des-femmes/c_1424570 Rencontre avec Anne Bouillon : l'avocate spécialisée dans la défense des femmes] on ''Loire-atlantique.fr''</ref> She began her career in [[Marseille]] in immigration and employee law before setting up her own law firm in [[Nantes]] in 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anne Bouillon, la cause des femmes|url=https://annebouillon.com/portraits/154/anne-bouillon--la-cause-des-femmes/|access-date=2021-12-01|website=annebouillon.com}}</ref> Her commitment to the defense of women victims of domestic violence, which she made her specialty, and her involvement in feminist associations propelled her to the fore.<ref>[https://www.ouest-france.fr/pays-de-la-loire/nantes-44000/nantes-une-centaine-de-personnes-reunies-pour-dire-stop-aux-feminicides-25af90a3-dbae-11e9-8deb-0cc47a644868]Ouest-france.de</ref><ref>[https://annebouillon.com/interviews/2/intervention-au-journal-televise-de-france-3-du-08-03-2016] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929213705/https://annebouillon.com/interviews/2/intervention-au-journal-televise-de-france-3-du-08-03-2016/|date=2022-09-29}}France 3</ref> In [[2019]], the [[mayor]] of [[Nantes]] [[:en:Johanna_Rolland|Johanna Rolland]] included her on her list in an ineligible position.<ref>[https://www.ouest-france.fr/pays-de-la-loire/nantes-44000/municipales-2020-a-nantes-un-local-et-un-slogan-pour-johanna-rolland-80635b10-0aec-11ea-adb7-776ec54bacaf Municipales 2020. À Nantes, un local et un slogan pour Johanna Rolland] on ''Ouest-France''</ref> Her testimony on legal issues relating to the care of women victims of violence by the justice system is regularly the subject of national (La Croix,<ref>[https://www.la-croix.com/JournalV2/Robe-noire-verbe-haut-2020-05-19-1101094956]{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}La Croix.com</ref> [[Libération|Liberation]],<ref>[https://www.liberation.fr/societe/droits-des-femmes/anne-bouillon-femmes-je-vous-plaide-20210502_HKNMCKKHW5FY7KORCPAG3AGADU] Libération.fr</ref> etc.) and regional (West France). In [[2023]], she is cited by [[:fr:Matthieu_Aron|Matthieu Aron]] in his book ''The great pleadings of the tenors of the bar'' which relates the trial of Edinson Valejo<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FyZ1txbXoAIiSdl?format=jpg&name=large |title=Face Arrière livre Les grandes plaidoiries des ténors du barreau |access-date=2023-10-12 |archive-date=2024-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225064951/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FyZ1txbXoAIiSdl?format=jpg&name=large |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{,}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FyZ1txYWwAUQ9IO?format=jpg&name=large |title=Sommaire livre Les grandes plaidoiries des ténors du barreau |access-date=2023-10-12 |archive-date=2024-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225064952/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FyZ1txYWwAUQ9IO?format=jpg&name=large |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Family == Anne Bouillon is the great-niece of [[Josephine Baker|Joséphine Baker]] and her fourth husband, [[:en:Jo_Bouillon|Jo Bouillon]],<ref>[https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/pays-de-la-loire/josephine-baker-entrera-au-pantheon-la-fierte-de-sa-petite-niece-anne-bouillon-2221195.html]France TV</ref> she is also the niece of director Gilles Bouillon and the cousin of actor [[:en:Bastien_Bouillon|Bastien Bouillon]]. She is the mother of a child and married to criminal lawyer Franck Boëzec.<ref>[https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/pays-de-la-loire/loire-atlantique/nantes/nantes-avocats-famille-du-jeune-tue-policier-verite-rien-que-verite-1509719.html]France 3</ref> ==Associations== She participated in the creation of the Citad'elle association in Nantes. She is also a member of the LesFameuses association,<ref>[https://www.lesfameuses.com/la-fameuse-interview-anne-bouillon/ La Fameuse interview : Anne Bouillon] on ''LesFameuses.com''</ref> an organization bringing together women managers or occupying positions of high responsibility across France. In [[2020]], she was elected Famer of the Year. In [[2023]], she will participate in the 250th anniversary of the [[Grand Orient de France]] in Nantes as a speaker alongside Georges Sérignac and [[:en:Pierre_Mollier|Pierre Mollier]]<ref>[https://www.ouest-france.fr/societe/entretien-la-franc-maconnerie-participe-a-lamelioration-de-la-societe-raconte-un-grand-maitre-97420318-ca56-11ed-a96e-000ee1405726 « La franc-maçonnerie participe à l’amélioration de la société », raconte un Grand Maître] on ''Ouest-France''</ref>{{,}}.<ref>[https://www.fm-mag.fr/evenement/la-franc-maconnerie-dhier-demain-entre-tradition-et-modernite-1 La franc-maçonnerie d’hier à demain, entre tradition et modernité] on ''fm-mag.fr''</ref> == Documentary == * [[2023]]: ''[[Anne Bouillon : Justice pour toutes !]]'', directed by [[Dylan Besseau]]<ref>[https://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_fiche_film/67106] film-documentaire.fr</ref> == Notes and references == <references responsive="1" group=""></references> {{DEFAULTSORT:Bouillon, Anne}} [[Category:1972 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:French lawyers]] dl9rmfln01moekqrxy3gvm58mjl1mgn 0 987400 10368003 10339097 2025-07-02T17:47:17Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Canadian productions */ link 10368003 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television channel | logo = FamilyJRlogo.png | logo_caption = | logo_size = 200px | name = Family Jr. | former_names = Playhouse Disney Channel {{small|(2007–2011)}}<br />[[Disney Junior]] {{small|(2011–2015)}} | launch_date = {{start date|2007|11|30}} | network = [[Family Channel (Canadian TV channel)|Family]] | picture_format = [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]]<br />{{small|(downscaled to [[Letterboxing (filming)|letterboxed]] [[480i]] for the [[Standard-definition television|SDTV]] feed)}} | owner = [[WildBrain]] | country = [[Canada]] | language = English | area = Nationwide | headquarters = [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]] | sister_channels = [[Family Channel (Canadian TV channel)|Family Channel]]<br />[[Télémagino]]<br />[[WildBrainTV]] | website = {{url|familyjr.ca}} }} '''Family Jr.''' is a [[Canada|Canadian]] [[Television network|television channel]] for children. It is a part of the [[specialty channel]] [[Family Channel (Canadian TV channel)|Family Channel]]. The channel is aimed at children ages of 2 and 7 years old. The channel started on November 30, 2007. It was a Canadian version of '''[[Playhouse Disney]],''' under license from [[Disney Channels Worldwide]] It changed to '''[[Disney Junior]]''' in 2011. Astral Media was bought by [[Bell Media]]. This caused Family Channel and Disney Junior to be a part of DHX Media (now [[WildBrain]]) in 2014. In 2015, DHX lost its rights to Disney programming. The name of DHX's Disney Junior channel was changed to Family Jr in September 2015. It was a [[brand extension]] of Family Channel. Along with its [[Canadian French|French-language]] counterpart, [[Télémagino]], Family Jr. can be watched in over 4 million Canadian homes. This started in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/1122547/family-channel-disney-junior-and-disney-xd-available-on-free-preview-in-march |title=Family Channel &#124; Family Channel, Disney Junior and Disney XD Available on Free Preview in March |publisher=Newswire.ca |date=March 1, 2013 |access-date=August 6, 2014 |archive-date=March 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130304082143/http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/1122547/family-channel-disney-junior-and-disney-xd-available-on-free-preview-in-march |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Programming== ===Current programming=== ====Canadian productions==== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * ''Beep & Mort'' (September 5, 2023–present)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Beep & Mort |url=https://www.familyjr.ca/shows/beep-mort/ |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=FamilyJr.ca |language=en}}</ref> * ''[[Big Block SingSong]]'' (2023 - present)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.familyjr.ca/shows/big-block-sing-song/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2023-12-31 |archive-date=2023-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926094341/https://www.familyjr.ca/shows/big-block-sing-song/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''[[Caillou]]'' (February 5, 2018–present) * ''[[Chip and Potato]]'' (October 15, 2018–present) * ''[[Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood]]'' (September 4, 2017–present)<ref>{{cite web|title=Daniel Tiger's Neighbourhood–FamilyJr.ca|url=https://www.familyjr.ca/shows/daniel-tigers-neighbourhood/|website=Family Jr.|publisher=DHX Media|access-date=October 7, 2017|archive-date=October 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007221030/https://www.familyjr.ca/shows/daniel-tigers-neighbourhood/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''[[The Fabulous Show with Fay and Fluffy]]'' (2022–present) * ''[[Happy House of Frightenstein]]'' (2021–present) * ''Jonny Jetboy'' (2024–present)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jonny Jetboy |url=https://www.familyjr.ca/shows/jonny-jetboy |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=FamilyJr.ca |language=en}}</ref> * ''[[Justin Time (TV series)|Justin Time]]'' (September 22, 2011–present)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kidscreen.com/2012/08/14/astrals-disney-junior-to-premiere-justin-time/|title=Astral's Disney Junior to premiere Justin Time|website=Kidscreen.com|access-date=July 29, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gurustudio.com/projects/distribution-and-sales/justin-time-distribution|title=Justin Time–Distribution & Sales–Guru Studio|website=Gurustudio.com|access-date=July 29, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717172330/http://www.gurustudio.com/projects/distribution-and-sales/justin-time-distribution|archive-date=July 17, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''[[Kate & Mim-Mim]]'' (September 5, 2015–present)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.familyjr.ca/shows/kate-and-mim-mim/|title=Kate & Mim-Mim|website=Familyjr.ca|access-date=July 29, 2018|archive-date=July 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727024547/http://www.familyjr.ca/shows/kate-and-mim-mim/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''Kiwi & Strit'' (2022–present) * ''[[Mighty Mike (TV series)|Mighty Mike]]'' (April 1, 2019–present) * ''[[Polly Pocket (TV series)|Polly Pocket]]'' (July 8, 2018–present) * ''[[Rev & Roll]]'' (September 2, 2019–present)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kidscreen.com/2018/10/02/dxh-alpha-group-get-revved-up-for-new-series/|title=DHX, Alpha Group get revved up for new series |website=Kidscreen|access-date=October 2, 2018}}</ref> * ''Space Ranger Roger'' (January 9, 2017–present)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.familyjr.ca/shows/space-ranger-roger/|title=Space Ranger Roger|website=FamilyJr.ca|access-date=July 29, 2018|archive-date=July 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727024420/http://www.familyjr.ca/shows/space-ranger-roger/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''[[Strawberry Shortcake#2021 relaunch|Strawberry Shortcake: Berry in the Big City]]'' (October 17, 2021 – present)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://familyjr.ca/shows/strawberry-shortcake-berry-in-the-big-city//|title=Strawberry Shortcake: Berry in the Big City|website=FamilyJr.ca|access-date=October 3, 2021|archive-date=October 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003040656/https://www.familyjr.ca/shows/strawberry-shortcake-berry-in-the-big-city/|url-status=dead}}</ref> {{div col end}} ====Acquired programming==== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * ''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]'' (May 10, 2024-present) <ref>{{cite web|title=Arthur|url=https://www.familyjr.ca/shows/arthur/|website=Family Jr.|access-date=May 2, 2024|archive-date=May 2, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502012056/https://www.familyjr.ca/shows/arthur/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''[[Alvinnn!!! and the Chipmunks|ALVINNN!!! and the Chipmunks]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=Alvinnn!!! and the Chipmunks–FamilyJr.ca|url=https://www.familyjr.ca/shows/alvinnn-and-the-chipmunks/|website=Family Jr.|publisher=DHX Media|access-date=October 7, 2017|archive-date=October 6, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006040439/https://www.familyjr.ca/shows/alvinnn-and-the-chipmunks/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''[[Blippi|Blippi Visits]]'' (2023 – present)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blippi |url=https://www.familyjr.ca/shows/blippi/ |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=FamilyJr.ca |language=en |archive-date=2023-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904020220/https://www.familyjr.ca/shows/blippi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''Brave Bunnies'' (September 6, 2022–present) * ''[[Bubble Guppies]]'' (2024–present) * ''[[Care Bears: Unlock the Magic]]'' (October 7, 2019 – present)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.familyjr.ca/shows/care-bears-unlock-the-magic/|title=Care Bears: Unlock the Magic|access-date=September 24, 2019|archive-date=December 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222210559/https://www.familyjr.ca/shows/care-bears-unlock-the-magic/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''[[Curious George (TV series)|Curious George]]'' (September 18, 2015–present)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.familyjr.ca/shows/curious-george/|title=Curious George|website=FamilyJr.ca|access-date=July 29, 2018|archive-date=July 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727024517/http://www.familyjr.ca/shows/curious-george/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''Dog Loves Books'' (2020–present) * ''[[DreamWorks Dragons: Rescue Riders]]'' (August 7, 2021–present)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.familyjr.ca/shows/dragons-rescue-riders/|title=Dragons: Rescue Riders |website=FamilyJr.ca|access-date=August 2, 2021}}</ref> * ''[[Fireman Sam]]'' (2024 - present)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.familyjr.ca/watch/ | title=Watch | website=www.familyjr.ca | access-date=2024-04-02}}</ref> * ''[[Grizzy and the Lemmings]]'' (March 24, 2018–present) * ''[[Go Jetters]]'' (March 1, 2021 – present)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.familyjr.ca/shows/go-jetters/|title=Go Jetters|access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date=2022-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221225707/https://www.familyjr.ca/shows/go-jetters/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''[[Hey Duggee]]'' (November 2, 2020 – present)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tvpassport.com/tv-listings/stations/family-jr/5330/2020-11-02|title = TV Schedule for Family Jr}}</ref> * ''[[Jungle Beat (TV series)|Jungle Beat]]'' (2022–present) * ''[[Lucas the Spider#Television series|Lucas the Spider]]'' (October 16, 2021 – present)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://familyjr.ca/shows/lucas-the-spider/|title=Lucas the Spider |website=FamilyJr.ca|access-date=October 3, 2021}}</ref> * ''[[Madagascar: A Little Wild]]'' (January 9, 2021 – present)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.familyjr.ca/|title=FamilyJr.ca|website=FamilyJr.ca}}</ref> * ''Munki and Trunk'' (2024–present) * ''[[Norman Picklestripes]]'' (September 19, 2020 – present)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://familyjr.ca/shows/norman-picklestripes/|title=Norman Picklestripes |website=FamilyJr.ca|access-date=September 11, 2020}}</ref> * ''Petronix Defenders'' (January 7, 2023 – present) * ''[[The Smurfs (2021 TV series)|The Smurfs]]'' (2023-present) * ''[[Sunny Bunnies]]'' (July 2, 2018–present) * ''[[Super Wings]]'' (2022–present) * ''[[Teletubbies]]'' (December 19, 2015–present)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.familyjr.ca/shows/teletubbies/|title=Teletubbies|website=FamilyJr.ca|access-date=July 29, 2018|archive-date=July 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727024403/http://www.familyjr.ca/shows/teletubbies/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''[[The Tiny Chef Show]]'' (February 1, 2025–present) * ''Twirlywoos'' (September 5, 2015–present) * ''[[Where's Waldo? (2019 TV series)|Where's Waldo?]]'' (2023 - present)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.familyjr.ca/watch/ | title=Watch }}</ref> {{div col end}} ===Upcoming programming=== ====Acquired programming==== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * ''[[Bob the Builder: Wonderful Buildings]]'' (2026) {{div col end}} ===Former programming=== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * ''[[Bananas in Pyjamas#Animated version|Bananas in Pyjamas]]'' (February 19, 2013–February 2017) * ''[[Bob the Builder (2015 TV series)|Bob the Builder]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.familyjr.ca/shows/bob-the-builder/|title=Bob the Builder|website=FamilyJr.ca|access-date=July 29, 2018|archive-date=July 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727054500/http://www.familyjr.ca/shows/bob-the-builder/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''[[Care Bears: Adventures in Care-a-lot]]'' (March 2010 – June 30, 2012) * ''[[Dinotrux]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Dinotrux FamilyJr.ca|url=https://www.familyjr.ca/shows/dinotrux/|website=Family Jr.|publisher=DHX Media|access-date=October 7, 2017|archive-date=October 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007220505/https://www.familyjr.ca/shows/dinotrux/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''Elias: Rescue Team Adventures''<ref>{{cite tweet|user=FamilyJr_TV|author=Family Jr.|number=881497879344492545|date=July 2, 2017|title=Don't miss the premiere of Elias: Rescue Team Adventures tomorrow at 4:50pm ET!}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.familyjr.ca/shows/elias-rescue-team-adventures/|title=Elias: Rescue Team Adventures|website=FamilyJr.ca|access-date=July 29, 2018|archive-date=July 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727024551/http://www.familyjr.ca/shows/elias-rescue-team-adventures/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''[[Franny's Feet]]'' (November 30, 2007 – February 4, 2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.familyjr.ca/shows/frannys-feet/|title=Franny's Feet|website=FamilyJr.ca|access-date=July 29, 2018|archive-date=July 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727024352/http://www.familyjr.ca/shows/frannys-feet/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''[[Gerald McBoing-Boing (TV series)|Gerald McBoing-Boing]]'' (2009 – July 31, 2011)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.playhousedisney.ca/en/shows/gerald-mcboing-boing |title=Playhouse Disney Canada |website=www.playhousedisney.ca |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217091059/http://www.playhousedisney.ca/en/shows/gerald-mcboing-boing |archive-date=17 December 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''[[Harry and His Bucket Full of Dinosaurs]]'' (2009 – August 28, 2014){{citation needed|date=September 2019}} * ''[[Henry's World]]'' (November 30, 2007 – September 27, 2013) * ''[[In the Night Garden...]]'' (April 11, 2016 – July 1, 2024) * ''[[Julius Jr.]]'' (May 2, 2015 – June 29, 2018) * ''[[Katie and Orbie]]'' (November 30, 2007 – December 31, 2012) * ''[[King (2003 TV series)|King]]'' (November 30, 2007 – February 2010) * ''Kody Kapow'' * ''[[Lalaloopsy (TV series)|Lalaloopsy]]'' (September 27, 2014 – August 28, 2016) * ''[[Little People (TV series)|Little People]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.familyjr.ca/shows/little-people/|title=Little People|website=FamilyJr.ca|access-date=July 29, 2018|archive-date=July 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727054454/http://www.familyjr.ca/shows/little-people/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''[[Mack & Moxy]]'' * ''[[Messy Goes to Okido]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.familyjr.ca/shows/messy-goes-to-okido/|title=Messy Goes to OKIDO|website=FamilyJr.ca|access-date=July 29, 2018|archive-date=July 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727024508/http://www.familyjr.ca/shows/messy-goes-to-okido/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''[[Nature Cat]]'' (July 1, 2016 – July 1, 2019) * ''[[Noddy, Toyland Detective]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.familyjr.ca/shows/noddy-toyland-detective/|title=Noddy, Toyland Detective|website=FamilyJr.ca|access-date=July 29, 2018|archive-date=July 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727024514/http://www.familyjr.ca/shows/noddy-toyland-detective/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''[[Pajanimals]]'' * ''Playdate''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dhxmedia.com/newsreleases/family-jr-sets-a-playdate-for-october-3/|title=FAMILY JR. SETS A PLAYDATE FOR OCTOBER 3–DHX Media|website=Dhxmedia.com|access-date=July 29, 2018|archive-date=July 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727024550/http://www.dhxmedia.com/newsreleases/family-jr-sets-a-playdate-for-october-3/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''[[Rainbow Ruby]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.familyjr.ca/shows/rainbow-ruby/|title=Rainbow Ruby|website=FamilyJr.ca|access-date=July 29, 2018|archive-date=January 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121190323/http://www.familyjr.ca/shows/rainbow-ruby/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Rainbow Ruby set for Canadian premiere|url=http://kidscreen.com/2016/04/14/rainbow-ruby-set-for-canadian-premiere/|access-date=April 18, 2018|website=Kidscreen.com|date=April 14, 2016}}</ref> * ''[[Sarah & Duck]]'' (July 7, 2014 – September 1, 2019)<ref>{{cite tweet|user=Sarah_and_Duck|author=Sarah & Duck|number=486273193465094144|date=July 7, 2014|title=We're really excited to be on in Canada on @DisneyJuniorCA! Let us know if you saw us for the first time today!!}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.familyjr.ca/shows/sarah-and-duck/|title=Sarah and Duck |website=FamilyJr.ca|access-date=July 29, 2018}}</ref> * ''[[The Save-Ums!]]'' (May 24, 2015 – September 1, 2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.familyjr.ca/shows/the-save-ums/|title=The Save-Ums!|website=FamilyJr.ca|access-date=July 29, 2018|archive-date=July 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727054447/http://www.familyjr.ca/shows/the-save-ums/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''[[The Secret World of Benjamin Bear]]'' (November 30, 2007 – August 30, 2015) * ''Something Else'' (November 30, 2007 – 2008) * ''[[Stella and Sam]]'' (January 9, 2011 – September 1, 2016) * ''[[Strawberry Shortcake's Berry Bitty Adventures]]'' (2010–2020)<ref>{{cite news|title=Strawberry Shortcake's Berry Bitty Adventures Reaches Disney Jr Canada • ToonBarn|url=http://www.toonbarn.com/other-cartoons/strawberry-shortcakes-berry-bitty-adventures-disney-junior/|access-date=April 18, 2018|work=ToonBarn|date=January 10, 2012|archive-date=April 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404200432/http://www.toonbarn.com/other-cartoons/strawberry-shortcakes-berry-bitty-adventures-disney-junior/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''[[Super Why!]]'' (November 7, 2016 – 2020)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.familyjr.ca/shows/super-why/|title=Super WHY!|website=FamilyJr.ca|access-date=July 29, 2018|archive-date=July 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727024511/http://www.familyjr.ca/shows/super-why/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''[[Thomas & Friends]]'' (May 24, 2015 – August 31, 2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.familyjr.ca/shows/thomas-and-friends/|title=Thomas & Friends|website=FamilyJr.ca|access-date=July 29, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727024409/http://www.familyjr.ca/shows/thomas-and-friends/|archive-date=July 27, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''[[Tickety Toc]]'' (April 23, 2012 – July 30, 2018) * ''[[Topsy and Tim]]'' * ''[[Waybuloo]]'' (April 16, 2016 – 2019) * ''[[Wow! Wow! Wubbzy!]]'' (July 20, 2009 – June 30, 2015) * ''YaYa and Zouk'' (July 4, 2016 – September 1, 2019) * ''[[Yo Gabba Gabba!]]'' (September 5, 2015 – September 1, 2019) * ''Yup Yups'' (September 16, 2013 – 2018) {{div col end}} ==== Playhouse Disney, Disney Junior, and Disney Channel programming ==== Programs in bold indicate that the programs moved to new [[Disney Junior (Canadian TV channel)]] {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * ''[[Bear in the Big Blue House]]'' (November 30, 2007 – September 30, 2013) * ''[[Bunnytown]]'' (November 30, 2007 – 2012) * '''''[[Doc McStuffins]]''''' (April 8, 2012 – August 30, 2015) * ''[[DuckTales (1987 TV series)|DuckTales]]'' (October 2011–September 30, 2013) * '''''[[Handy Manny]]''''' (November 30, 2007 – August 7, 2014) * '''''[[Henry Hugglemonster]]''''' (April 21, 2013 – January 1, 2016) * ''[[Higglytown Heroes]]'' (November 30, 2007 – September 30, 2013) * '''''[[Imagination Movers (TV series)|Imagination Movers]]''''' (2008–August 30, 2015) * ''[[Johnny and the Sprites]]'' (November 30, 2007 – September 2, 2012) * ''[[JoJo's Circus]]'' (November 30, 2007 – September 1, 2013) * ''[[Jungle Junction]]'' (January 23, 2010 – August 30, 2015) * '''''[[Jake and the Never Land Pirates]]''''' (May 2, 2011 – December 1, 2015) * ''[[The Little Mermaid (TV series)|The Little Mermaid]]'' (November 30, 2007 – August 31, 2014)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.disneyjunior.ca/en/schedule |title=Schedule &#124; Disney Junior Channel |access-date=September 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925120116/http://www.disneyjunior.ca/en/schedule |archive-date=September 25, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> * '''''[[Little Einsteins]]''''' (November 30, 2007 – January 1, 2016) * '''''[[Mickey Mouse Clubhouse]]''''' (November 30, 2007 – September 17, 2015) * '''''[[Miles from Tomorrowland]]''''' (February 21–August 30, 2015) * ''[[My Friends Tigger & Pooh]]'' (November 30, 2007 – September 3, 2010) * ''[[Out of the Box (TV series)|Out of the Box]]'' (November 30, 2007 – August 31, 2014) * '''''[[Sheriff Callie's Wild West]]''''' (February 2, 2014 – December 1, 2015) * '''''[[Special Agent Oso]]''''' (2009–January 1, 2016) * '''''[[Sofia the First]]''''' (January 19, 2013 – August 31, 2015) * ''[[Stanley (2001 TV series)|Stanley]]'' (November 30, 2007 – September 27, 2013) {{div col end}} ==Related pages== *[[Treehouse TV]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{Official website|http://www.familyjr.ca}} [[Category:Canadian television channels]] [[Category:Cable television]] [[Category:2007 establishments in Canada]] {{tv-stub}} cco3unvhwhku85gqb6s73951ctq90q2 0 987661 10368795 10170586 2025-07-03T02:52:43Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 fixed a grammatical issue of missing the verb, and a typo of duplication 10368795 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox government agency |agency_name=United States Patent and Trademark Office |nativename= |nativename_a= |nativename_r= |image=Usptojamesmadisonbuildingsouthside.jpg |image_size= |image_caption=The James Madison building on the campus of the United States Patent and Trademark Office headquarters in [[Alexandria, Virginia|Alexandria]]. This is the largest building on the campus. |logo= |logo_width= |logo_caption= |seal=Seal of the United States Patent and Trademark Office.svg |seal_width=140 |seal_caption=Seal of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office |formed={{start date and age|1836|7|4}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/241.html |title=Records of the Patent and Trademark office |work=[[National Archives and Records Administration]] |date=August 15, 2016 }}</ref><ref>An act to promote the progress of the useful arts, and to repeal all acts and parts of acts heretofore made for that purpose, ch. 356, {{USStat|5|117}} (1836)</ref><br />[[Washington, D.C.]], [[United States|U.S.]] |preceding1= |preceding2= |dissolved= |superseding= |jurisdiction= |headquarters=[[Alexandria, Virginia|Alexandria]], [[Virginia]], U.S. |coordinates={{coord|38.801499|-77.063835|display=inline,title|type:landmark_region:US}} |region_code= |employees=12,579 (as of Sept 30, 2018) |budget= |minister1_name= |minister1_pfo= |minister2_name= |minister2_pfo= |chief1_name=[[Kathi Vidal]] |chief1_position=Director |chief2_name=Derrick Brent |chief2_position=Deputy Director<ref>{{cite web |title=Derrick Brent |url=https://www.uspto.gov/about-us/derrick-brent |publisher=U.S. Patent & Trademark Office |access-date=September 13, 2022}}</ref> |parent_agency=[[United States Department of Commerce]] |child1_agency= |child2_agency= |website={{URL|www.uspto.gov}} |footnotes= |chief4_name= |chief4_position= |chief5_name= |chief5_position= |chief6_name= |chief6_position= |chief7_name= |chief7_position= |chief8_name= |chief8_position= |chief9_name= |chief9_position= |parent_department=}} The '''United States Patent and Trademark Office''' ('''USPTO''') is the [[Federal government of the United States|governmental]] [[agency]] that is responsible for [[Patent|patents]] and [[Trademark|trademarks]] in the [[United States]]. It was created in 1836. The [[headquarters]] of the agency is in [[Washington, D.C.]] == Philanthropic Programs == The USPTO has hosted the National Invention Convention and Entrepreneurship Expo to give a platform to young [[Inventor|inventors]], including [[Kindergarten|kindergarteners]] like Emily Webb and also [[Elementary school|elementary schoolers]] like [[Mark Leschinsky]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-06-21|title=Clinton-Massie kindergartner inventor goes to National Invention Convention and Entrepreneurship Expo|url=https://www.wnewsj.com/2017/06/21/clinton-massie-kindergartner-inventor-goes-to-national-invention-convention-and-entrepreneurship-expo/|access-date=2025-04-04|website=Wilmington News Journal|language=en-US}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{us-stub}} [[Category:United States government agencies]] [[Category:1836 establishments]] 7dw9aslf1volame3r0dhtc6oiakrmi2 0 988214 10368753 9707445 2025-07-03T02:30:11Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Biography */ fixed some minor grammatical issues with a typo of duplication 10368753 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Manfred Krikke | image = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1932|11|23|df=y}} | birth_place = | death_date = {{death date and age|2023|1|4|1932|11|23|df=y}} | death_place = | monuments = | residence = | nationality = Dutch | occupation = cycling team manager | known_for = | relatives = | awards = }} '''Manfred Krikke''' (23 November 1932 – 4 January 2023) was a Dutch cycling team manager. Krikke was for five years the manager of [[PDM (cycling team)|PDM cycling team]].<ref name=ref1>{{cite web|url=https://www.memori.nl/gedenkplaats/j-manfred-krikke/uitvaartinformatie |title=J Manfred Krikke|work=memori.nl|date=|access-date=9 January 2023|language=nl}}</ref><ref name=ref2>{{cite web|url= https://www.wielerflits.nl/nieuws/manfred-krikke-voormalig-teammanager-pdm-wielerploeg-overleden/ |title=MANFRED KRIKKE, VOORMALIG TEAMMANAGER PDM-WIELERPLOEG, OVERLEDEN|work=wielerflits.nl|date=6 January 2023|access-date=9 January 2023| language=nl}}</ref> ==Biography== Krikke grew up in [[Eindhoven]]. He started as a cyclist at a young age, but was not very talented. After his studies, he invested in [[snack bar]]s and later became the co-owner of a construction company. In 1980, Krikke took over the wholesale and importership of cycling articles from the former professional cyclist [[Piet Rentmeester]]. The company was based in [[Valkenswaard]] and became an main market player in the [[Benelux]].<ref name=ref2 /> As a co-sponsor of bicycles and clothing, Krikke became involved in the PDM cycling team in 1986 and became the manager in 1987.<ref name=ref2 /><ref name=ref6 /> The team became internationally verry successful, including winning the [[UCI Road World Cup]] in 1989 and 1990.<ref name=ref2 /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ABCDDD:010832969:mpeg21:a0217 |title=Hobby' loopt voor Krikke uit de hand|work=[[Het Parool]]|via=[[Delpher]]|date=17 January 1989|access-date=9 January 2023|language=nl}}</ref><ref name=ref4>{{cite web|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:011019823:mpeg21:a0244 |title=Krikke: We hebben een aardige slag geslagen|work=[[Nieuwsblad van het Noorden]]|via=[[Delpher]]|date=10 December 1991|access-date=9 January 2023|language=nl}}</ref> Top cyclists on the team were [[Pedro Delgado]], [[Sean Kelly]], [[Greg LeMond]], [[Raoul Alcala]], [[Erik Breukink]], [[Steven Rooks]], [[Adrie van der Poel]], [[Gert-Jan Theunisse]] and [[Rudi Dhaenens]].<ref name=ref2 /> The team was also negative in the news. On 27 February 1990 [[Johannes Draaijer]] died in his sleep of [[heart block]]; it is presumed, but not proven, that his death was caused by the use of the [[performance-enhancing drug]] [[erythropoietin]] (EPO).<ref name=EPOref>{{cite news | title = Stamina-Building Drug Linked to Athletes' Deaths | work=The New York Times | date = 1991-05-19 | url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE7DF123DF93AA25756C0A967958260&sec=health&pagewanted=all | accessdate = 2008-07-15 | first=Lawrence M. | last=Fisher}}</ref><ref name=r1a>[http://www.cycling4fans.de/index.php?id=3951 Teil 3: Todesfälle (nicht nur) im Radsport und Doping – gibt es einen Zusammenhang?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808030320/http://cycling4fans.de/index.php?id=3951 |date=2013-08-08 }} cycling4fans.de</ref><ref name=ref9 /> [[Gert-Jan Theunisse]] was caught on doping; while Krikke had accused the jury in the Tour de France that their doping controls were not proper.<ref name=ref9>{{cite web|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ABCDDD:010831562:mpeg21:a0208 |title=Krikke na nachtmerrie bewust op achtergrond|work=[[Het Parool]]|via=[[Delpher]]|date=6 January 1994|access-date=9 January 2023|language=nl}}</ref> In 1991 the PDM team had a main intralipid affair during the [[1991 Tour de France]].<ref name=ref9 /> Krikke left the team at the end of 1991.<ref name=ref6>{{cite web|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010637291:mpeg21:a0532 |title=Krikke stopt bij PDM-ploeg|work=[[Limburgsch dagblad]]|via=[[Delpher]]|date=22 February 1992|access-date=9 January 2023|language=nl}}</ref><ref name=ref4 /> In the summer of 1992 he took efforts to start his own professional cycling team.<ref name=ref7>{{cite web|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:011020036:mpeg21:a0351 |title=Krikke bezig met nieuwe wielerploeg|work=[[Nieuwsblad van het Noorden]]|via=[[Delpher]]|date=21 August 1992|access-date=9 January 2023|language=nl}}</ref> In 1993, Krikke started sponsoring the American Eagle mountain bike team. Main cyclists of the team were [[Bart Brentjens]], [[Adrie van der Poel]] and [[Richard Groenendaal]].<ref name=ref2 /> Krikke died in Veere on 4 January 2023, at the age of 90.<ref name=ref1 /><ref name=ref2 /> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Krikke, Manfred}} [[Category:Dutch cyclists]] [[Category:1932 births]] [[Category:2023 deaths]] egy0jduu6cpitqgaksclvux215y1bxd 1 994463 10368762 9592388 2025-07-03T02:35:17Z 76.230.107.130 /* This man is a piece of human trash */ new section 10368762 wikitext text/x-wiki == This man is a piece of human trash == How do you live with yourself knowing what you did and how many lives you took for your own ego. Just disgusting. Karma is coming for you. [[Special:Contributions/76.230.107.130|76.230.107.130]] ([[User talk:76.230.107.130|talk]]) 02:35, 3 July 2025 (UTC) b2u65tgtdzgv7r6e7la5qvc2lc08eh1 0 994954 10369399 10367271 2025-07-03T11:04:31Z Nunabas 373511 Reverted to revision 10168961 by Nunabas: restore redirect, BLP is unsourced and member isn't notable enough for their own article. 10369399 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[US5]] ks25d5hv8i8jqp5z8sf79lox9ywtwzf 0 997633 10368383 9479071 2025-07-02T22:26:24Z Ferien 1011873 Nominated for deletion; see [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wolfson hospital terminal]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|Appears to fail [[WP:GNG]].}} {{wikify|date=February 2023}}{{Infobox station | name = Wolfson Hospital Terminal | native_name = תחנת המעבר וולפסון | native_name_lang = he | type = Bus terminal | image = | caption = | address = Holon, Israel | country = Israel | coordinates = {{coord|32.0111|34.7914|type:landmark_region:IL|display=inline}} | owned = Dan | bus_stands = 15 | opened = 2015 | services = Bus services }} '''Wolfson Hospital Terminal''' is a major bus terminal in Holon, Israel. It is owned and operated by Dan, one of the largest bus companies in Israel. == History == The terminal was opened in 2015 as part of a major transportation hub at Wolfson Hospital, which is one of the largest hospitals in Israel. The terminal was built to serve the large number of patients, visitors, and staff members who travel to and from the hospital by bus. == Facilities == The terminal has 15 bus stands and serves a variety of bus routes operated by Dan. It is a modern facility with air-conditioned waiting areas, restrooms, and a kiosk selling snacks and drinks. The terminal is located within walking distance of the hospital's main entrance, making it easily accessible for patients and visitors. == Bus lines == There are several bus lines that connect Wolfson Hospital Terminal to other destinations in Israel. == Other websites == * [https://www.dan.co.il/english/routes/ Dan: Routes and timetables]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Category:Transport in Israel]] [[Category:Bus transport in Asia]] [[Category:Transport buildings and structures]] [[Category:2015 establishments in Israel]] iiz8ru4bktolc2ca5oyw87ase2rywga 0 998122 10368658 8706206 2025-07-03T01:49:08Z CommonsDelinker 5295 Removing [[:c:File:Analisi_Magnani_Guardando_da_Sommafiume._Leonardo_ritae_il_Sasso_Manduino_visto_dal_Legnoncino._In_basso_a_sinistra_il_Lago_di_Novate_Mezzola_e_la_Val_Chiavenna,_sulla_destra_la_Val_Masino_e_il_Monte_Disgrazia.jpg|Analisi_Magnani_Guarda 10368658 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Italian comune | name = Sommafiume | official_name = | native_name = | image_skyline = 136-BVolo Delta 2006 12 24 008.jpg | image_caption = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|46.0987|N|9.3503|E|type:city(772)_region:IT|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = | region = [[Lombardy]] | province = [[Province of Lecco| Lecco]] (LC) | frazioni = Vercino, Lavade | mayor_party = | mayor = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 1 | population_footnotes = | population_total = | population_as_of = | pop_density_footnotes = | population_demonym = sommafiuminesi | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 1500 | twin1 = | twin1_country = | saint = | day = | postal_code = | area_code = 0341 | website = | footnotes = }} '''Sommafiume''' is a locality in the ''[[comune]]'' (municipality) of Sueglio, in the [[Province of Lecco]] in the [[Italy|Italian]] region of [[Lombardy]], in the eastern shore of [[Lake Como]], above Dorio, border with the localities of Vermicino and Lavare, Monte Lete and Monte Piazzo and Roccoli Lorla. The view from Sommafium allows you to see Sasso Manduino, Legnoncino, Novate Mezzola and Val Chiavenna, Val Masino and Monte Disgrazia. In Sommafiume there is the Church of the Assumption, Lake Artesso and the refuge of Bellano in the nearby town of Roccoli in Artesso-letee. [[File:Entrata Bunker C'à Crosin.jpg|thumb|]] [[File:Caserma blindata al Duello 2.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Sueglio - Cannoniere di Artesso - Postazione B.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Entrata Bunker C'à Crosin.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Chiesetta di San Sfirio.jpg|thumb]] == References == {{reflist}} {{Province of Lecco}} {{authority control}} {{europe-stub}} [[Category:Settlements in Lombardy]] 8lkas00w5torbb6kgo6xlouartyr1l7 0 999337 10368729 9645230 2025-07-03T02:22:00Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 typo: duplication 10368729 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Novo Nordisk A/S''' is a [[Denmark|Danish]] multinational [[pharmaceutical]] company. It has factories in nine countries. More than 48,000 people work for the company. Nordisk Insulinlaboratorium was started in 1923 by the Danish [[Nobel Prize|Nobel laureate]] [[August Krogh]], [[pharmacist]] August Kongsted and scientist Hans Christian Hagedorn. It produced [[insulin]]. In 1989 it merged with Novo Industri.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-08|title=Our History|url=https://www.novonordisk.com/about-novo-nordisk/novo-nordisk-history.html|access-date=2023-03-08|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2019-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708163754/https://www.novonordisk.com/about-novo-nordisk/novo-nordisk-history.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> 77% of Novo’s voting rights and 28.1% of its shares is owned by the [[Novo Nordisk Foundation]]. It was Europe’s most valuable company in 2023 and dominates the Danish economy. In September 2023 it was worth $421 billion. It plans to buy Inversago Pharma. The [[Wegovy]] weight-loss drug has been very successful.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kuchler|first=Hannah|date=2023-09-01|title=Novo Nordisk briefly eclipses LVMH as Europe’s most valuable company|work=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/97e89e94-38cb-4a22-9a17-c110e39958bc?|access-date=2023-09-02}}</ref> It can cut the risk of [[heart attacks]] by 20% in overweight or [[obese]] patients with [[cardiovascular disease]]. It is expected to sell $7.3 billion in 2024. Ozempic, an injectable form of [[Semaglutide]], is used to treat diabetes. It is expected to sell $16.5 billion in 2024. Lars Fruergaard Jørgensen is the chief executive.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FT Person of the Year: Lars Fruergaard Jørgensen of Novo Nordisk|url=https://www.ft.com/content/d4d289a7-e1a5-4848-8e7e-b592f7018722|access-date=2023-12-19|website=www.ft.com}}</ref> It specialises in [[Diabetes mellitus|diabetes]] care medications and devices. It also does [[hemostasis]] management, [[growth hormone]] therapy and [[hormone replacement therapy]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Novo Nordisk sees slower 2020 growth with US insulin prices pressured|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/05/novo-nordisk-nvo-earnings-q4-2019.html|access-date=2023-03-08|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Pharmaceutical companies of Europe]] [[Category:Companies of Denmark]] 6o8gn5ayiaejnwo1xa6rsorcp3k5h4v 0 1002445 10369396 10093759 2025-07-03T11:03:59Z 188.90.173.38 /* Highest & lowest temperature per year in Denmark, 2005-2025 */ 10369396 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Koppen-Geiger Map DNK present.svg|thumb|Köppen-Geigen Map of Denmark]] [[Denmark]] has an [[oceanic climate]]. Most of the time, winters and summers are mild.<ref> {{Cite web|title=Vejrekstremer Danmark|url=http://www.dmi.dk/vejrarkiv/vejrekstremer-danmark/|access-date=2023-10-13|website=DMI|language=da}}</ref> ==Weather records== The highest temperature ever recorded in Denmark was {{cvt|36.4|C|F}} on 10 August 1975 in Holstebro. The lowest temperature ever recorded in Denmark was {{cvt|-31.2|C|F}} on 8 January 1982 in Hørsted. The highest 24-hour precipitation recorded in Denmark was 168,9 millimeters on 9 July 1931 in [[Marstal]]. The highest wind gust ever recorded in Denmark was {{cvt|194|km/h|mph}} on 28 October 2013 in [[Sønderborg]]. The warmest year on record in Denmark was 2014, with a national average temperature of {{cvt|10.0|C|F}}. The coldest year on record in Denmark was 1879, with a national average temperature of {{cvt|5.9|C|F}}. The wettest year on record in Denmark was 2023, with a national average precipitation sum of 977 millimeters. The driest year on record in Denmark was 1947, with a national average precipitation sum of 466 millimeters. == Top 10 warmest days measured in Denmark == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Rank ! Temperature ! Date ! Location |- | 1. | {{cvt|36.4|C|F}} | 10 August 1975 | [[Holstebro]] |- | 2. | {{cvt|35.9|C|F}} | 20 July 2022 | [[Abed]], [[Lolland]] |- | 3. | {{cvt|35.8|C|F}} | 13 August 1911 | [[Slagelse]] |- | 4. | {{cvt|35.7|C|F}} | 7 August 1875 | [[Herning]] |- | 5. | {{cvt|35.6|C|F}} | 1 August 1948 | [[Vorbasse]] |- | 6. | {{cvt|35.5|C|F}} | 29 June 1947 | [[Hillerød]] |- | 7. | {{cvt|35.3|C|F}} | 12 July 1941 | [[Studsgård]] |- | 8. | {{cvt|35.3|C|F}} | 10 July 1941 | [[Erslev]] |- | 9. | {{cvt|35.1|C|F}} | 10 August 1992 | [[Klemensker]] |- | 10. | {{cvt|35.1|C|F}} | 31 July 1948 | [[Klosterhede Plantage]] |} == Top 10 coldest days measured in Denmark == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Rank ! Temperature ! Date ! Location |- | 1. | {{cvt|-31.2|C|F}} | 8 January 1982 | [[Hørsted]] |- | 2. | {{cvt|-31.0|C|F}} | 26 January 1942 | [[Løndal]] |- | 3. | {{cvt|-30.3|C|F}} | 29 January 1941 | [[Viborg]] |- | 4. | {{cvt|-29.6|C|F}} | 18 January 1893 | [[Holbæk]] |- | 5. | {{cvt|-29.0|C|F}} | 8 February 1942 | [[Ikast]] |- | 6. | {{cvt|-28.1|C|F}} | 10 February 1956 | [[Ulstrup]] |- | 7. | {{cvt|-27.4|C|F}} | 20 February 1940 | [[Kibæk]] |- | 8. | {{cvt|-27.3|C|F}} | 13 February 1895 | [[Hadsten]] |- | 9. | {{cvt|-27.1|C|F}} | 21 February 1963 | [[Randers]] |- | 10. | {{cvt|-27.0|C|F}} | 6 March 1888 | [[Holbæk]] |} == Highest & lowest temperature per year in Denmark, 2005-2025 == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Highest Temperature ! Date ! Location ! Lowest Temperature ! Date ! Location |- | 2025 | {{cvt|34.0|C|F}} | 2 July | Holbæk | {{cvt|-14.0|C|F}} | 16 February | Roskilde |- | 2024 | {{cvt|30.4|C|F}} | 27 June | Aabenraa | {{cvt|-16.4|C|F}} | 7 January | Brønderslev |- | 2023 | {{cvt|32.1|C|F}} | 15 July | Abed | {{cvt|-16.5|C|F}} | 2 December | Isenvad |- | 2022 | {{cvt|35.9|C|F}} | 20 July | Abed | {{cvt|-18.0|C|F}} | 16 December | Isenvad |- | 2021 | {{cvt|34.0|C|F}} | 20 June | Allinge-Sandvig | {{cvt|-20.7|C|F}} | 12 February | Billund |- | 2020 | {{cvt|32.4|C|F}} | 9 August | Copenhagen | {{cvt|-8.2|C|F}} | 25 December | Horsens |- | 2019 | {{cvt|32.8|C|F}} | 25 July | Herning | {{cvt|-10.6|C|F}} | 29 January | Hjørring |- | 2018 | {{cvt|33.6|C|F}} | 8 August | Hillerød | {{cvt|-12.9|C|F}} | 2 March | Abed |- | 2017 | {{cvt|26.8|C|F}} | 27 May | Herning | {{cvt|-14.1|C|F}} | 16 January | Isenvad |- | 2016 | {{cvt|31.6|C|F}} | 26 August | Roskilde | {{cvt|-16.3|C|F}} | 21 January | Karup |- | 2015 | {{cvt|31.9|C|F}} | 5 July | Copenhagen | {{cvt|-13.6|C|F}} | 4 February | Års Syd |- | 2014 | {{cvt|31.7|C|F}} | 3 August | Rønne | {{cvt|-15.3|C|F}} | 29 December | Roskilde |- | 2013 | {{cvt|33.3|C|F}} | 2 August | Karup | {{cvt|-17.6|C|F}} | 16 January | Roskilde |- | 2012 | {{cvt|32.9|C|F}} | 20 August | Copenhagen | {{cvt|-23.1|C|F}} | 5 February | Odense |- | 2011 | {{cvt|28.2|C|F}} | 6 June | Rønne | {{cvt|-16.5|C|F}} | 21 February | Brønderslev |- | 2010 | {{cvt|34.1|C|F}} | 11 July | Allinge-Sandvig | {{cvt|-23.0|C|F}} | 22 December | Holbæk |- | 2009<ref> https://www.dmi.dk/fileadmin/Rapporter/TR/tr10-01.pdf</ref> | {{cvt|32.7|C|F}} | 20 August | St. Jyndevad | {{cvt|-19.0|C|F}} | 20 December | Horsens |- | 2008<ref> https://www.dmi.dk/fileadmin/Rapporter/TR/tr09-01.pdf</ref> | {{cvt|31.4|C|F}} | 29 July | Askov | {{cvt|-9.6|C|F}} | 23 March | Billund |- | 2007<ref> https://www.dmi.dk/fileadmin/Rapporter/TR/tr08-01.pdf</ref> | {{cvt|31.4|C|F}} | 11 June | Karup | {{cvt|-15.0|C|F}} | 25 January | Karup |- | 2006<ref> https://www.dmi.dk/fileadmin/Rapporter/TR/tr07-01.pdf</ref> | {{cvt|33.5|C|F}} | 20 July | Ringkøbing | {{cvt|-16.0|C|F}} | 23 January | Holbæk |- | 2005<ref> https://www.dmi.dk/fileadmin/Rapporter/TR/tr06-01.pdf</ref> | {{cvt|30.8|C|F}} | 12 July | Roskilde | {{cvt|-20.2|C|F}} | 4 March | Roskilde |} ==Highest & lowest temperatures per month in Denmark<ref> https://www.dmi.dk/vejrarkiv/vejrekstremer-danmark</ref>== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Month ! Highest Temperature ! Date ! Location ! Lowest Temperature ! Date ! Location |- | '''January''' | {{cvt|12.6|C|F}} | 1 January 2023 | [[Abed]] | {{cvt|-31.2|C|F}} | 8 January 1982 | [[Hørsted]] |- | '''February''' | {{cvt|15.8|C|F}} | 24 February 1990, 26 February 2019 | [[Copenhagen]], [[Aarhus]] | {{cvt|-29.0|C|F}} | 8 February 1942 | [[Ikast]] |- | '''March''' | {{cvt|22.2|C|F}} | 18 March 1990 | [[Viborg]] | {{cvt|-27.0|C|F}} | 6 March 1888 | [[Holbæk]] |- | '''April''' | {{cvt|28.6|C|F}} | 27 April 1993 | [[Holbæk]] | {{cvt|-19.0|C|F}} | 3 April 1922 | [[Brønderslev]] |- | '''May''' | {{cvt|32.8|C|F}} | 27 May 1892 | [[Herning]] | {{cvt|-8.0|C|F}} | 14 May 1900 | [[Silkeborg]] |- | '''June''' | {{cvt|35.5|C|F}} | 29 June 1947 | [[Hillerød]] | {{cvt|-3.5|C|F}} | 2 June 1936 | [[Lemvig]] |- | '''July''' | {{cvt|35.9|C|F}} | 20 July 2022 | [[Abed]] | {{cvt|-0.9|C|F}} | 16 July 1903 | [[Silkeborg]] |- | '''August''' | {{cvt|36.4|C|F}} | 10 August 1975 | [[Holstebro]] | {{cvt|-2.0|C|F}} | 29 August 1885 | [[Varde]] |- | '''September''' | {{cvt|32.3|C|F}} | 3 September 1906 | [[Randers]] | {{cvt|-5.6|C|F}} | 25 September 1886 | [[Aalborg]] |- | '''October''' | {{cvt|26.9|C|F}} | 1 October 2011 | [[Åbenrå]] | {{cvt|-11.9|C|F}} | 30 October 1880 | [[Torstedlund]] |- | '''November''' | {{cvt|18.5|C|F}} | 2 November 1968 | [[Vordingborg]] | {{cvt|-21.3|C|F}} | 30 November 1973 | [[Ringkøbing]] |- | '''December''' | {{cvt|14.5|C|F}} | 5 December 1953 | [[Nordby]] | {{cvt|-25.6|C|F}} | 17 December 1981 | [[Ringkøbing]] |} == Month & season extremes == ===Highest average temperature per month=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- | Month | Year | Avg Temp. |- | January | 2020 | 5.5°C |- | February | 1990 | 5.5°C |- | March | 1990 | 6.1°C |- | April | 2011 | 9.9°C |- | May | 2018 | 15.0°C |- | June | 1889 | 18.2°C |- | July | 2006 | 19.8°C |- | August | 1997 | 20.4°C |- | September | 2023 | 16.3°C |- | October | 2006 | 12.2°C |- | November | 2006 | 8.1°C |- | December | 2006 | 7.0°C |} === Highest average temperature by season === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- | Season | Year | Avg Temp. |- | Winter | 2019-2020 | 5.0°C |- | Spring | 2007 | 9.0°C |- | Summer | 1997 & 2018 | 17.7°C |- | Autumn | 2006 | 12.2°C |} === Lowest average temperature per month === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- | Month | Year | Avg Temp. |- | January | 1942 | -6.6°C |- | February | 1947 | -7.1°C |- | March | 1942 | -3.5°C |- | April | 1888 | 2.5°C |- | May | 1902 | 8.1°C |- | June | 1923 | 10.7°C |- | July | 1979 | 13.6°C |- | August | 1902 | 12.8°C |- | September | 1877 | 10.0°C |- | October | 1905 | 5.2°C |- | November | 1919 | 0.7°C |- | December | 1981 | -4.0°C |} === Lowest average temperature by season === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- | Season | Year | Avg Temp. |- | Winter | 1939-1940/ 1962–1963 | -3.5°C |- | Spring | 1888 | 2.9°C |- | Summer | 1987 | 13.4°C |- | Autumn | 1922 & 1952 | 6.7°C |} === Highest precipitation per month === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- | Month | Year | Avg Precipitation |- | January | 2023 | 125 millimeters |- | February | 2020 | 136 millimeters |- | March | 2019 | 107 millimeters |- | April | 2024 | 104 millimeters |- | May | 1983 | 138 millimeters |- | June | 2007 | 124 millimeters |- | July | 2023 | 141 millimeters |- | August | 1891 | 167 millimeters |- | September | 1994 | 162 millimeters |- | October | 1967 | 177 millimeters |- | November | 1969 | 155 millimeters |- | December | 1985 | 140 millimeters |} ==Highest wind gust per year in Denmark 2011-2025<ref> https://www.dmi.dk/vejrarkiv</ref>== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Gust ! Date ! Location ! Cause |- | '''2025''' | {{cvt|140|km/h|mph}} | 7 January 2025 | Lemvig | Storm Floriane |- | '''2024''' | {{cvt|135|km/h|mph}} | 23 February 2024 | Hjørring | Storm Rolf |- | '''2023''' | {{cvt|158|km/h|mph}} | 21 December 2023 | Lemvig | [[Storm Pia]] |- | '''2022''' | {{cvt|135|km/h|mph}} | 19 February 2022 | Gedser Odde | [[Storm Eunice]] |- | '''2021''' | {{cvt|120|km/h|mph}} | 30 November 2021 | Frederikshavn | |- | '''2020''' | {{cvt|131|km/h|mph}} | 9 February 2020 | Kolding | Storm Ciara |- | '''2019''' | {{cvt|130|km/h|mph}} | 15 December 2019 | Sønderborg | Storm Elsa |- | '''2018''' | {{cvt|125|km/h|mph}} | 21 September 2018 | Thisted | Storm Knud |- | '''2017''' | {{cvt|139|km/h|mph}} | 29 October 2017 | Kalundborg | Storm Ingolf |- | '''2016''' | {{cvt|136|km/h|mph}} | 26 December 2016 | Lemvig | Storm Urd |- | '''2015''' | {{cvt|165|km/h|mph}} | 29 November 2015 | Odsherred | Storm Gorm |- | '''2014''' | {{cvt|124|km/h|mph}} | 20 December 2014 | Varde | |- | '''2013''' | {{cvt|194|km/h|mph}} | 28 October 2013 | Sønderborg | [[St Jude Storm]] |- | '''2012''' | {{cvt|141|km/h|mph}} | 3 January 2012 | Thisted | Storm Ulli |- | '''2011''' | {{cvt|137|km/h|mph}} | 27 November 2011 | Thisted | |} == References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Denmark]] [[Category:Climate by country|Denmark]] c7cb2ktllt6sb29mztlilqvwhavgqkl 0 1002799 10369017 10367495 2025-07-03T05:47:03Z Huudk Jaska 1636048 expand lead 10369017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox website|name=EssentiallySports|logo=Logo-removebg-preview-size (1).png|type=Sports website|founded={{start date and age|2014}}|area_served=Worldwide|owner=Full Spectrum Services LLP|founder=Harit Pathak, Jaskirat Arora, Suryansh Tibarewal|homepage={{URL|https://www.essentiallysports.com/|essentiallysports.com}}|commercial=Yes|registration=Registered|current_status=Active}}'''EssentiallySports''' is a digital sports media website that publishes news and editorial content across a range of sports, including coverage of the [[National Basketball Association|NBA]], [[National Football League|NFL]], [[Major League Baseball|MLB]], [[NASCAR]], tennis, and golf.<ref>{{cite web|title=Journalism in Digital Age: How companies like EssentiallySports and SmartNews are envisioning the future of ever-changing media landscape|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/business/journalism-in-digital-age-how-companies-like-essentiallysports-and-smartnews-are-envisioning-future-of-ever-changing-media-landscape|website=freepressjournal.in}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite web|last=Pushkarna|first=Akshit|title=How EssentiallySports is penetrating the US sports media market|url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/media/how-essentiallysports-is-penetrating-the-us-sports-media-market|access-date=2025-07-02|website=www.afaqs.com|language=en}}</ref> Founded in 2014, the site operates under Full Spectrum Services LLP and primarily targets a U.S.-based audience.<ref name=":02" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Nathan|date=2024-11-19|title=Too Much: Majority of American Sports Fans Tired of Non-Stop NFL Coverage|url=https://wakefieldresearch.com/too-much-majority-of-american-sports-fans-tired-of-non-stop-nfl-coverage/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=wakefieldresearch.com|language=en-US}}</ref> == Overview == EssentiallySports, founded in 2014 by Harit Pathak, Jaskirat Arora, and Suryansh Tibarewal, began as a forum for sports fans and transformed into a remote sports media company.<ref name="Bootstrapped Vs VC? EssentiallySports: A Startup Story">{{cite web|title=Bootstrapped Vs VC? EssentiallySports: A Startup Story From The Sporting World|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/outlook-spotlight-bootstrapped-vs-vc-essentiallysports-a-startup-story-from-the-sporting-world/392534|website=outlookindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Essentials For Growing Digitally with Suryansh Tibarewal|url=https://www.adpushup.com/essentials-for-growing-digitally-with-suryansh-tibarewal/|website=adpushup.com}}</ref><ref name="Bootstrapped Vs VC? EssentiallySports: A Startup Story" /><ref name="EssentiallySports: A Peek Into The Journey of Building a Digital-First Media House for a Global Sports Audience">{{cite web|title=EssentiallySports: A Peek Into The Journey of Building a Digital-First Media House for a Global Sports Audience|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/sports/2021/06/08/EssentiallySports-A-Peek-Into-The-Journey-of-Building-a-Digital-First-Media-House-for-a-Global-Sports-Audience.html|website=theweek.in}}</ref> In 2022, the parent company of EssentiallySports, Full Spectrum Services LLP acquired an entertainment news website NetflixJunkie. The company generates revenue through programmatic advertising.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhushan|first=Kul|date=2023-03-07|title=EssentiallySports targets US sports content market with fresh, youthful approach|url=https://entrackr.com/2023/03/essentiallysports-targets-us-sports-content-market-with-fresh-youthful-approach/|access-date=2023-03-28|website=Entrackr|language=en-US}}</ref> Tennis was one of the earliest sports covered by EssentiallySports. In 2020, EssentiallySports launched a tennis podcast series ‘Quarentennis - Bridging the Broken Strings’ which features exclusive interviews with top names in tennis.<ref>{{cite web|title=Quarantennis - How EssentiallySports is Setting Out to Bridge the gap between Tennis Players and the Fans|url=https://www.oneindia.com/india/how-essentiallysports-is-setting-out-to-bridge-the-gap-between-tennis-players-and-the-fans-3321175.html|website=oneindia.com}}</ref> The website has 30M readers monthly in 150 countries.<ref>{{cite web|title=EssentiallySports onboards ex NDTV Convergence CEO, Sanjay Trehan|url=https://www.afaqs.com/people-spotting/essentiallysports-onboards-ex-ndtv-convergence-ceo-sanjay-trehan|website=afaqs.com}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Category:2014 establishments]] [[Category:Websites established in the 2010s]] 5g1vcy3ksw1bt7vwgqwtewy30g39xio 10369021 10369017 2025-07-03T05:47:50Z Huudk Jaska 1636048 /* Overview */ history 10369021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox website|name=EssentiallySports|logo=Logo-removebg-preview-size (1).png|type=Sports website|founded={{start date and age|2014}}|area_served=Worldwide|owner=Full Spectrum Services LLP|founder=Harit Pathak, Jaskirat Arora, Suryansh Tibarewal|homepage={{URL|https://www.essentiallysports.com/|essentiallysports.com}}|commercial=Yes|registration=Registered|current_status=Active}}'''EssentiallySports''' is a digital sports media website that publishes news and editorial content across a range of sports, including coverage of the [[National Basketball Association|NBA]], [[National Football League|NFL]], [[Major League Baseball|MLB]], [[NASCAR]], tennis, and golf.<ref>{{cite web|title=Journalism in Digital Age: How companies like EssentiallySports and SmartNews are envisioning the future of ever-changing media landscape|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/business/journalism-in-digital-age-how-companies-like-essentiallysports-and-smartnews-are-envisioning-future-of-ever-changing-media-landscape|website=freepressjournal.in}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite web|last=Pushkarna|first=Akshit|title=How EssentiallySports is penetrating the US sports media market|url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/media/how-essentiallysports-is-penetrating-the-us-sports-media-market|access-date=2025-07-02|website=www.afaqs.com|language=en}}</ref> Founded in 2014, the site operates under Full Spectrum Services LLP and primarily targets a U.S.-based audience.<ref name=":02" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Nathan|date=2024-11-19|title=Too Much: Majority of American Sports Fans Tired of Non-Stop NFL Coverage|url=https://wakefieldresearch.com/too-much-majority-of-american-sports-fans-tired-of-non-stop-nfl-coverage/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=wakefieldresearch.com|language=en-US}}</ref> == History == EssentiallySports was founded in 2014 by Harit Pathak, Jaskirat Arora, and Suryansh Tibarewal while they were university students.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=EssentiallySports: A Peek Into The Journey of Building a Digital-First Media House for a Global Sports Audience|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/sports/2021/06/08/EssentiallySports-A-Peek-Into-The-Journey-of-Building-a-Digital-First-Media-House-for-a-Global-Sports-Audience.html|access-date=2025-07-02|website=The Week|language=en}}</ref> The platform began as a network of Facebook pages focused on sports content, later evolving into a standalone website registered under Full Spectrum Services LLP.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhushan|first=Kul|title=EssentiallySports targets US sports content market with fresh, youthful approach|url=https://entrackr.com/2023/03/essentiallysports-targets-us-sports-content-market-with-fresh-youthful-approach/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=entrackr.com|language=en}}</ref> In 2022, the parent company of EssentiallySports, Full Spectrum Services LLP acquired an entertainment news website NetflixJunkie. The company generates revenue through programmatic advertising.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhushan|first=Kul|date=2023-03-07|title=EssentiallySports targets US sports content market with fresh, youthful approach|url=https://entrackr.com/2023/03/essentiallysports-targets-us-sports-content-market-with-fresh-youthful-approach/|access-date=2023-03-28|website=Entrackr|language=en-US}}</ref> Tennis was one of the earliest sports covered by EssentiallySports. In 2020, EssentiallySports launched a tennis podcast series ‘Quarentennis - Bridging the Broken Strings’ which features exclusive interviews with top names in tennis.<ref>{{cite web|title=Quarantennis - How EssentiallySports is Setting Out to Bridge the gap between Tennis Players and the Fans|url=https://www.oneindia.com/india/how-essentiallysports-is-setting-out-to-bridge-the-gap-between-tennis-players-and-the-fans-3321175.html|website=oneindia.com}}</ref> The website has 30M readers monthly in 150 countries.<ref>{{cite web|title=EssentiallySports onboards ex NDTV Convergence CEO, Sanjay Trehan|url=https://www.afaqs.com/people-spotting/essentiallysports-onboards-ex-ndtv-convergence-ceo-sanjay-trehan|website=afaqs.com}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Category:2014 establishments]] [[Category:Websites established in the 2010s]] honepu7k2ynm5ayz2mmjoojt8lt3ki9 10369026 10369021 2025-07-03T05:48:41Z Huudk Jaska 1636048 /* History */ Content and offerings 10369026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox website|name=EssentiallySports|logo=Logo-removebg-preview-size (1).png|type=Sports website|founded={{start date and age|2014}}|area_served=Worldwide|owner=Full Spectrum Services LLP|founder=Harit Pathak, Jaskirat Arora, Suryansh Tibarewal|homepage={{URL|https://www.essentiallysports.com/|essentiallysports.com}}|commercial=Yes|registration=Registered|current_status=Active}}'''EssentiallySports''' is a digital sports media website that publishes news and editorial content across a range of sports, including coverage of the [[National Basketball Association|NBA]], [[National Football League|NFL]], [[Major League Baseball|MLB]], [[NASCAR]], tennis, and golf.<ref>{{cite web|title=Journalism in Digital Age: How companies like EssentiallySports and SmartNews are envisioning the future of ever-changing media landscape|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/business/journalism-in-digital-age-how-companies-like-essentiallysports-and-smartnews-are-envisioning-future-of-ever-changing-media-landscape|website=freepressjournal.in}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite web|last=Pushkarna|first=Akshit|title=How EssentiallySports is penetrating the US sports media market|url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/media/how-essentiallysports-is-penetrating-the-us-sports-media-market|access-date=2025-07-02|website=www.afaqs.com|language=en}}</ref> Founded in 2014, the site operates under Full Spectrum Services LLP and primarily targets a U.S.-based audience.<ref name=":02" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Nathan|date=2024-11-19|title=Too Much: Majority of American Sports Fans Tired of Non-Stop NFL Coverage|url=https://wakefieldresearch.com/too-much-majority-of-american-sports-fans-tired-of-non-stop-nfl-coverage/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=wakefieldresearch.com|language=en-US}}</ref> == History == EssentiallySports was founded in 2014 by Harit Pathak, Jaskirat Arora, and Suryansh Tibarewal while they were university students.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=EssentiallySports: A Peek Into The Journey of Building a Digital-First Media House for a Global Sports Audience|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/sports/2021/06/08/EssentiallySports-A-Peek-Into-The-Journey-of-Building-a-Digital-First-Media-House-for-a-Global-Sports-Audience.html|access-date=2025-07-02|website=The Week|language=en}}</ref> The platform began as a network of Facebook pages focused on sports content, later evolving into a standalone website registered under Full Spectrum Services LLP.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhushan|first=Kul|title=EssentiallySports targets US sports content market with fresh, youthful approach|url=https://entrackr.com/2023/03/essentiallysports-targets-us-sports-content-market-with-fresh-youthful-approach/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=entrackr.com|language=en}}</ref> The company operates as a bootstrapped business and generates revenue through advertising and sales.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Pushkarna|first=Akshit|title=How EssentiallySports is penetrating the US sports media market|url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/media/how-essentiallysports-is-penetrating-the-us-sports-media-market|access-date=2025-07-02|website=www.afaqs.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Essentials For Growing Digitally with Suryansh Tibarewal|url=https://www.adpushup.com/essentials-for-growing-digitally-with-suryansh-tibarewal/|website=adpushup.com}}</ref> == Content and offerings == EssentiallySports publishes written content including news articles, features, and opinion pieces, and also produces podcasts and email newsletters.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-07-12|title=How technology and social media have changed the nature of sports|url=https://www.firstpost.com/opinion/how-technology-and-social-media-have-changed-the-nature-of-sports-12856272.html|access-date=2025-07-02|website=Firstpost|language=en-us}}</ref> In 2020, the platform launched a tennis-themed podcast titled Quarentennis – Bridging the Broken Strings, which included guest appearances by professional players such as Dominic Thiem.<ref>{{cite web|title=Quarantennis - How EssentiallySports is Setting Out to Bridge the gap between Tennis Players and the Fans|url=https://www.oneindia.com/india/how-essentiallysports-is-setting-out-to-bridge-the-gap-between-tennis-players-and-the-fans-3321175.html|website=oneindia.com}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Category:2014 establishments]] [[Category:Websites established in the 2010s]] dl9g3bymcvozd87ui80aiwvmrircb3g 10369029 10369026 2025-07-03T05:48:55Z Huudk Jaska 1636048 /* Content and offerings */ 10369029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox website|name=EssentiallySports|logo=Logo-removebg-preview-size (1).png|type=Sports website|founded={{start date and age|2014}}|area_served=Worldwide|owner=Full Spectrum Services LLP|founder=Harit Pathak, Jaskirat Arora, Suryansh Tibarewal|homepage={{URL|https://www.essentiallysports.com/|essentiallysports.com}}|commercial=Yes|registration=Registered|current_status=Active}}'''EssentiallySports''' is a digital sports media website that publishes news and editorial content across a range of sports, including coverage of the [[National Basketball Association|NBA]], [[National Football League|NFL]], [[Major League Baseball|MLB]], [[NASCAR]], tennis, and golf.<ref>{{cite web|title=Journalism in Digital Age: How companies like EssentiallySports and SmartNews are envisioning the future of ever-changing media landscape|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/business/journalism-in-digital-age-how-companies-like-essentiallysports-and-smartnews-are-envisioning-future-of-ever-changing-media-landscape|website=freepressjournal.in}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite web|last=Pushkarna|first=Akshit|title=How EssentiallySports is penetrating the US sports media market|url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/media/how-essentiallysports-is-penetrating-the-us-sports-media-market|access-date=2025-07-02|website=www.afaqs.com|language=en}}</ref> Founded in 2014, the site operates under Full Spectrum Services LLP and primarily targets a U.S.-based audience.<ref name=":02" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Nathan|date=2024-11-19|title=Too Much: Majority of American Sports Fans Tired of Non-Stop NFL Coverage|url=https://wakefieldresearch.com/too-much-majority-of-american-sports-fans-tired-of-non-stop-nfl-coverage/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=wakefieldresearch.com|language=en-US}}</ref> == History == EssentiallySports was founded in 2014 by Harit Pathak, Jaskirat Arora, and Suryansh Tibarewal while they were university students.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=EssentiallySports: A Peek Into The Journey of Building a Digital-First Media House for a Global Sports Audience|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/sports/2021/06/08/EssentiallySports-A-Peek-Into-The-Journey-of-Building-a-Digital-First-Media-House-for-a-Global-Sports-Audience.html|access-date=2025-07-02|website=The Week|language=en}}</ref> The platform began as a network of Facebook pages focused on sports content, later evolving into a standalone website registered under Full Spectrum Services LLP.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhushan|first=Kul|title=EssentiallySports targets US sports content market with fresh, youthful approach|url=https://entrackr.com/2023/03/essentiallysports-targets-us-sports-content-market-with-fresh-youthful-approach/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=entrackr.com|language=en}}</ref> The company operates as a bootstrapped business and generates revenue through advertising and sales.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Pushkarna|first=Akshit|title=How EssentiallySports is penetrating the US sports media market|url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/media/how-essentiallysports-is-penetrating-the-us-sports-media-market|access-date=2025-07-02|website=www.afaqs.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Essentials For Growing Digitally with Suryansh Tibarewal|url=https://www.adpushup.com/essentials-for-growing-digitally-with-suryansh-tibarewal/|website=adpushup.com}}</ref> == Content and offerings == EssentiallySports publishes written content including news articles, features, and opinion pieces, and also produces podcasts and email newsletters.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-07-12|title=How technology and social media have changed the nature of sports|url=https://www.firstpost.com/opinion/how-technology-and-social-media-have-changed-the-nature-of-sports-12856272.html|access-date=2025-07-02|website=Firstpost|language=en-us}}</ref> In 2020, the platform launched a tennis-themed podcast titled Quarentennis – Bridging the Broken Strings, which included guest appearances by professional players such as Dominic Thiem.<ref>{{cite web|title=Quarantennis - How EssentiallySports is Setting Out to Bridge the gap between Tennis Players and the Fans|url=https://www.oneindia.com/india/how-essentiallysports-is-setting-out-to-bridge-the-gap-between-tennis-players-and-the-fans-3321175.html|website=oneindia.com}}</ref> In 2024, EssentiallySports introduced a suite of sports-specific newsletters, including Lucky Dog on Track (NASCAR), Essentially Golf, She Got Game (women’s sports), Essentially Athletics (track and field), Break Point (tennis), and The Huddle (football).<ref>{{Cite web|last=beehiiv|title=How a Zero-CAC Sports Newsletter Model Now Serves a Million Fans a Day|url=https://blog.beehiiv.com/p/how-a-zero-cac-sports-newsletter-model-serves-a-million-fans-a-day|access-date=2025-07-02|website=beehiiv Blog|language=en}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Category:2014 establishments]] [[Category:Websites established in the 2010s]] ev2md4q7lgotmdwuztov9rmu2whlzwa 0 1004740 10368701 9566907 2025-07-03T02:13:33Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 typo: duplication 10368701 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox canal|name=Leeds and Liverpool Canal|image=Leeds and Liverpool Canal, Burscough.JPG|image_caption=Ainscoughs mill in [[Burscough]]|former_names=|modern_name=|original_owner=|engineer=[[John Longbotham]]|other_engineer=[[James Brindley]]<br/>[[Robert Whitworth]]|date_act=1770|date_began=1770|date_use=1774|date_completed=1816|date_extended=1822|date_closed=|date_restored=|len_ft=62|len_in=0|original_boat_length_ft=|original_boat_length_in=|len_note=A 62' boat can go along the whole canal; boats up to 72' used to go between Liverpool and Leigh.|beam_ft=14|beam_in=4|original_beam_ft=|original_beam_in=|beam_note=Boats 14' 4" wide can go along the whole canal; Boats up to 14' 6" used to go between Liverpool and Leigh.|start_point={{coord|format=dms|53.7928|N|1.5480|W}}|original_start=|start_note=|end_point={{coord|format=dms|53.4030|N|2.9929|W}}|original_end=|end_note=|branch=|branch_of=|connects_to=|locks=91|original_num_locks=|lock_note=|elev_ft=487|elev_note=|status=Open|navigation_authority=[[Canal & River Trust]]}} The '''Leeds and Liverpool Canal''' runs from [[Leeds]] to [[Liverpool]]. It is 127 miles (204 km) long. It goes over the [[Pennines|Pennine]]<nowiki/>s. There are 91 [[Lock (water transport)|locks]] on the main line and several small branches. It is the longest continuous canal in the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Canal|url=https://www.leedsandliverpoolcanalsociety.co.uk/canal/|access-date=2023-04-09|website=Leeds and Liverpool Canal Society|language=en-GB}}</ref> It was started when people saw the success of the [[Bridgewater Canal]] which opened in 1759–60. It joins the [[Bridgewater Canal]] at [[Leigh, Greater Manchester|Leigh]], by a branch from [[Wigan]]. [[James Brindley]] made the plan, but he died in 1772. Work was started on both sides of the Pennines. This included some impressive engineering like the [[Bingley]] Five Rise Locks, Bingley Three Rise Locks and the seven-arch [[aqueduct]] over the River Aire. Work stopped in 1781 because the money ran out. It started again in 1791, on a different route from the earlier plan, and the main line of the canal was finished in 1816. This included the Foulridge Tunnel, which was 1,640 yards (1,500 m) long and was very expensive, and the [[Burnley]] [[Embankment]], which is 1,350 yards (1,234 m) long and up to 60 feet (18 m) high. The [[Huddersfield]] Narrow Canal and the [[Rochdale Canal]] crossed the Pennines before it was finished. The most important cargo was always coal, with over a million tons per year being delivered to Liverpool in the 1860s. Because it could have wide boats it competed successfully with the railways throughout the 19th century and stayed open through the 20th century. In the [[World War II|Second World War]] a German bomb fell on it in [[Bootle]]. In 2009 a new section was built, connecting it to the [[Dock|docks]] in the centre of [[Liverpool]], which had become a centre of [[tourism]]. == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Canals in England]] [[Category:Buildings and structures in Lancashire]] [[Category:Buildings and structures in West Yorkshire]] [[Category:Buildings and structures in Merseyside]] i1jwb6ool0t6ihrpyz9j09u3dc0ew71 0 1009001 10368684 10367226 2025-07-03T02:02:17Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368684 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adult animation''', also known as '''adult cartoons''', is [[animation]] that is for grown-ups and sometimes [[teenagers]] but is not for [[children]]. Some famous examples of adult animation are [[Ralph Bakshi]]’s [[cartoon]]s from the 1970s and since then [[The Simpsons]], [[Futurama]], [[Family Guy]], [[South Park]], [[King of the Hill]], [[Napoleon Dynamite (TV series)|Napoleon Dynamite]], [[Regular Show]], [[The Ren & Stimpy Show]], [[Ren & Stimpy "Adult Party Cartoon"]], [[American Dad]], and a lot of other [[television show]]s have been [[United States|American]] adult animation. The first [[cartoon]] [[feature film]] to get an [[R rating]] from the [[Motion Picture Association of America film rating system]] meaning that people less than 17 shouldn’t see it unless there’s an [[adult]] with them was the [[South Park]] [[movie]]. The first [[CGI]] animated movie to be R-rated was [[Sausage Party]]. == Australian adult cartoon(s) == * {{ill|The Big Lez Show|en|The Big Lez Show}} (C.E.2012 — 2019) * {{ill|Ginger Snaps (TV series)|lt=Ginger Snaps|en|Ginger Snaps (TV series)}} (June 22, C.E.2017) * {{ill|John Callahan's Quads!|en|John Callahan's Quads!}} (C.E.2001 — 2002) * {{ill|Koala Man|en|Koala Man}} (January 9, C.E.2023) * {{ill|Pacific Heat|en|Pacific Heat}} (C.E.2016 – 2017) * {{ill|Yolo (2020s TV series)|lt=YOLO|en|YOLO (2020 TV series)}} (C.E.2020 – present) == Canadian adult cartoon(s) == * [[2 Nuts and a Richard!]] (C.E.2015 – 2017) * [[Happy Tree Friends]] * [[The Bizarre Stories of Professor Zarbi]] (C.E.2019 – 2022) * [[Bob & Doug (TV series)|Bob & Doug McKenzies]] (C.E.2009 – 2011) * [[Bob and Margaret]] (C.E.1998 – 2001) * [[Bravest Warriors]] (C.E.2012 – 2018) * [[By the Rapids]] (C.E. 2008 – 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kahnawakenews.com/hometown-boy-makes-good-with-by-the-rapids-p377-1.htm|publisher=Kahnawake News|title=Hometown boy makes good with By the Rapids|date=2008-06-09|website=Kahnawake News|access-date=2017-04-05}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/2008/11/13/aboriginal_cartoon_series_5_years_in_the_making.html|title=Aboriginal cartoon series 5 years in the making|last=Szklarski|first=Cassandra|date=2008-11-13|website=Toronto Star|access-date=2017-04-05}}</ref>) * [[Cartoon Sushi]] (C.E.1997 – 1998) * [[Clone High]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hadadi|first=Roxana|date=June 13, 2023|title=How Clone High Rose From the Dead An oral history of Phil Lord and Chris Miller's vexed animation experiment and its unlikely return 20 years later.|url=https://www.vulture.com/article/an-oral-history-of-clone-high.html |access-date=July 9, 2024|work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]}}</ref> (TV broadcasting: C.E.2002 – 2003; [[Max (streaming service)|Max]] C.E.2023 – 2024) * [[Corner Gas Animated]]<ref name=rebooted>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/television/2016/12/19/corner-gas-to-be-rebooted-as-animated-series.html|title=Corner Gas to be rebooted as animated series|last=Yeo|first=Debra|date=December 16, 2016|publisher=[[Toronto Star]]|access-date=February 28, 2018|archive-date=January 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108064213/https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/television/2016/12/19/corner-gas-to-be-rebooted-as-animated-series.html|url-status=live}}</ref> (C.E.2018 – 2021) * {{ill|Crash Canyon|en|Crash Canyon}} (C.E.2011 — 2013) * {{ill|Daft Planet|en|Daft Planet}} (September 2 – December 23, C.E.2002) * [[Doomsday Brothers]] (C.E.2020 – C.E.2021) * {{ill|Fugget About It (Adult cartoon)|lt=Fugget About It|en|Fugget About It|fr|Faut pas rêver (série télévisée d'animation)}} ([[Adult Swim (Canadian TV channel)|Adult Swim]]/{{ill|Teletoon at Night|en|Teletoon at Night|fa|تله‌تون در شب|it|Teletoon at Night}}: C.E.2012 – 2016 / [[YouTube]]: October 25, 2024 – present) * [[John Callahan's Quads!]] (C.E.2001 – 2002) * [[Kevin Spencer (TV series)]] (C.E.1998 – 2005) * [[Knuckleheads (TV series)|Knuckleheads]] (January 12, C.E.2012) * [[Mother Up!]] (C.E.2013 – 2014) * [[Odd Job Jack]] (C.E.2003 – 2007) * [[Producing Parker]] (C.E.2009 – 2011) * [[Psi Cops]] (June 5 – August 28, C.E.2023) * [[Punch! (TV series)|Punch!]] (January 11, C.E.2008<ref>{{cite web|url=http://media.cottagecountrynow.ca/special/almaguin/data/pdfs/19/AN05.pdf |title=TV Guide AN F28 Page ? & ? (Page 1)|access-date=2013-10-21}}</ref>) * [[Rick & Steve: The Happiest Gay Couple in All the World]] (C.E.2007 – 2009) * [[Sausage Party: Foodtopia]] (July 11, C.E.2024 – present) * [[Sons of Butcher]] (C.E.2005<ref name=august2005>{{cite web|date=June 23, 2005|title=Teletoon August Highlights|url=http://www.toonzone.net/2005/06/teletoon-august-highlights/|url-status=live|location=[[Toronto]]|publisher=[[Teletoon]]|agency=Toon Zone|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210051425/http://www.toonzone.net/2005/06/teletoon-august-highlights/ |archive-date=December 10, 2013}}</ref> – C.E.2007<ref name=crtclogs>{{Cite web|url=ftp://support.crtc.gc.ca/logs/|url-status=dead|title=Television Program Logs|access-date=2016-03-02|archive-url=https://archive.org/details/support_crtc_gc_ca15052016 Alt URL}}</ref>) * [[Spaceballs: The Animated Series]] (C.E.2008 – 2009) * [[Station X (Canadian TV series)|Sration X]] (C.E.2005) * [[Trailer Park Boys: The Animated Series]] (C.E.2019 – C.E.2020) * [[Tripping the Rift]] (C.E.2004 – 2007) * [[Undergrads]] (April 22 — August 12, C.E.2001) * [[What It's Like Being Alone]] (June 26 – September 18, C.E.2006) * [[The Wrong Coast]] (C.E.2003 – 2004) == Chinese adult cartoon(s) == * {{ill|Link Click|en|Link Click|zh|时光代理人}} ({{ill|Bilibili|en|Bilibili|}}: April 30, C.E.2021 – present) * {{ill|Scissor Seven|en|Scissor Seven|zh|伍六七}} (April 25, C.E.2018  – present) * {{ill|To Be Hero X|en|To Be Hero X}} ({{ill|Bilibili|en|Bilibili|}}: April 6, C.E.2025 – present) * {{ill|Xiao Xiao|en|Xiao Xiao|zh|小小作品}} ({{ill|Newgrounds|en|Newgrounds}}: April 19, C.E.2001 — February 23, C.E.2002) ==Colombian adult cartoon(s)== * {{ill|El siguiente programa|lt=El siguiente programa|es|El siguiente programa}} (October 29, C.E.1997 - September 1, C.E.2000; November 15, C.E.2019 (Special)) == French adult cartoon(s) == * {{ill|Bunny Maloney|fr|Bunny Maloney}} (Summer C.E.2009) * {{ill|Crisis Jung|fr|Crisis Jung}} (C.E.2020 – 2021) * {{ill|Delta State (TV Series)|fr|Delta State}} (C.E.2004 – 2005) * {{ill|Mr. Baby|en|Mr.Baby}} (C.E.2009 – 2010) * {{ill|Peepoodo & the Super Fuck Friends|fr|Peepoodo & the Super Fuck Friends}} (C.E.2018 – 2021) == Israeli adult cartoon(s) == * {{ill|Ahmed and Salim|en|Ahmed and Salim|he|אחמד וסלים|ru|Ахмед и Салим}} ({{ill|Bip (Israeli TV channel)|lt=Bip|en|Bip (Israeli TV channel)|he|ביפ}}: January 20, C.E.2009) * {{ill|M.K. 22|en|M.K. 22|he|מ.ק. 22}} ({{ill|Bip (Israeli TV channel)|lt=Bip|en|Bip (Israeli TV channel)|he|ביפ}}: March 21, C.E.2004 – C.E.2004) == Italian adult cartoon(s) == * {{ill|Adrian (TV series)|it|Adrian (serie animata)}}(January 21 – December 5, C.E.2019) * {{ill|Tear Along the Dotted Line|it|Strappare lungo i bordi}} ([[Netflix]]: November 19, C.E.2021) * {{ill|This World Can't Tear Me Down|fr|Questo mondo non mi renderà cattivo}} ([[Netflix]]: June 9, C.E.2023) == Korean adult cartoon(s) == * [[Aachi & Ssipak]] (June 28, C.E.2006) * [[Exorcism Chronicles: The Beginning]] (June 13, C.E.2024 (Annecy); February 21, C.E.2025 (South Korea)) * [[The King of Pigs]] (October 8, C.E.2011) * [[Padak (movie)]] (C.E.2012) * [[Seoul Station (movie)]] (August 18, C.E.2016 (South Korea)) * [[Sky Blue (movie)]] (July 17, C.E.2003) * [[The Valley (2027 movie)]] (C.E.2027) * [[The Witcher: Sirens of the Deep]] (February 11, C.E.2025) == Mexican adult cartoon(s) == * {{ill|Home Is Somewhere Else|lt=Home Is Somewhere Else|en|Home Is Somewhere Else|es|Home Is Somewhere Else}} (''Brinca Animation Studio''/''Shine Global'': C.E.2022) * {{ill|La familia del Barrio|lt=La familia del Barrio (The Neighborhood family)|en|La familia del barrio|es|La familia del barrio}} ([[YouTube]]: October 31, C.E.2008; {{ill|MTV (Latin American TV channel)|lt=MTV|en|MTV (Latin American TV channel)|es|MTV (Latinoamérica)}}/{{ill|Comedy Central (Latin American TV channel)|lt=Comedy Central|en|Comedy Central (Latin American TV channel)|es|Comedy Central (Latinoamérica)}}: May 5, C.E.2013 – December 16, C.E.2018) * {{ill|El Santos vs. la Tetona Mendoza|en|El Santos vs. la Tetona Mendoza|es|El Santos contra la Tetona Mendoza}} (Peyote Films/{{ill|Ánima (company)|lt=Ánima Estudios|en|Ánima (company)|es|Ánima Estudios}} November 30, C.E.2012) == New Zealand adult cartoon(s) == * {{ill|Aroha bridge|en|Aroha Bridge}} (May 23, C.E.2013 – August 30, C.E.2019) * {{ill|bro'Town|en|bro'Town}} ({{ill|Three (New Zealand TV channel)|lt=TV3|en|Three (TV channel)}}: September 22, C.E.2004 – May 24, C.E.2009) == Russian adult cartoon(s) == * {{ill|Masyanya|en|Masyanya|ru|Масяня|uk|Масяня}} ([[Adobe Flash]]: C.E.2001) * {{ill|Mr. Freeman|en|Mr. Freeman|ru|Mr. Freeman|uk|Mr. Freeman}} ({{ill|2×2 (TV channel)|lt=2x2|en|2x2 (TV channel)|ru|2×2}}:<ref>[http://2x2tv.ru/serial/freeman Mr. Freeman at 2x2tv.ru]</ref> September 21, C.E.2009 – August 16, C.E.2019) == Turkish adult cartoon(s) == * [[Bad Cat]] ({{ill|United International Pictures|en|United International Pictures}}: February 5, C.E.2016<ref>{{cite web|title=Kötü Kedi Şerafettin|url=http://boxofficeturkiye.com/en/film/kotu-kedi-serafettin-2012628|publisher=Box Office Turkey|access-date=11 December 2015}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>) * {{ill|Kayıp Armağan|lt=Kayıp Armağan (the lost gift)|en|Kayıp Armağan|tr|Kayıp Armağan}} ([[Now (Turkish TV channel)|NOW]]/{{ill|Sobee|lt=Sobee Studios|en|Sobee|tr|Sobee}}: August 22, C.E.2010) == U.K. adult cartoon(s) == * [[Aaagh! It's the Mr. Hell Show!]] ([[Canale 5]]: C.E.2001 — 2002) * [[Tear Along the Dotted Line]] ([[Netflix]]: November 19, C.E.2021) * [[Angry Kid]] ([[Netflix]]: C.E.1998 – 2025) * [[Bob and Margaret]] (C.E.1998 – 2001) * [[The Booo Krooo]] (C.E. 2002 – 2004) * [[Bromwell High]] (C.E.2005 — 2006) * [[Crapston Villas]] (C.E.1995 – 1998) * {{ill|Full English (Adult cartoon)|lt=Full English|en|Full English (TV series)}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comedy.co.uk/news/story/000001004/full_english_gypsy_episode_cancelled/|work=[[British Comedy Guide]]|title=Channel 4 shelves final episode of Full English|date=2012-12-17|accessdate=2012-12-17|archive-date=23 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121223102834/http://www.comedy.co.uk/news/story/000001004/full_english_gypsy_episode_cancelled/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>https://www.facebook.com/fullenglishtvshow/posts/492348354147052 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230809114856/https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Ffullenglishtvshow%2Fposts%2F492348354147052 |date=9 August 2023}}{{User-generated source|certain=yes|date=March 2022}}</ref> (November 12 – December 17, C.E.2012) * [[Monkey Dust]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/feb/16/credits-roll-final-time-bbc3-television-online-only |title=Credits Roll for the Final Time as BBC3 Becomes Online-Only|last=Ellis-Peterson|first=Hannah|archive-date=16 February 2016|quote=Animated black comedy which satirised every taboo from bestiality and murder to suicide and paedophilia|website=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=4 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/bbc-three-10-great-programmes|title=BBC Three Switchover: 10 Great Programmes|last1=Kerrigan|first1=Lisa|last2=Luckey|first2=Kathleen|last3=Johansson|first3=Gosta|last4=Rostron|first4=Pam|last5=Bryant|first5=Steve|archive-date=15 February 2016|quote=Taking a form of black comedy possibly even darker than the work of [[Chris Morris (satirist)|Chris Morris]], ''Monkey Dust'' was an animated series depicting Britain as a 'perpetual urban nightmare'.|website=[[British Film Institute|BFI]]|access-date=4 May 2016}}</ref> (C.E.2003 – 2005) * [[Pond Life (TV series)]] (C.E.1996 – 2000) * {{ill|Popetown (Adult cartoon)|lt=Popetown|en|Popetown}} (C.E.2005 – 2006) * [[Wicked Willies]] (C.E.1990) == U.S. adult cartoon(s) == * {{ill|3-South|en|3-South}} (C.E.2002 – 2003) * {{ill|12 oz. Mouse|en|12 Oz. Mouse}} ([[Adult Swim]]: C.E.2005 – 2006; C.E.2020) * [[Adventure Time: Fionna and Cake]] (C.E.2023 – present) * {{ill|The Adventures of Chico and Guapo|en|The Adventures of Chico and Guapo}} (C.E.2006) * {{ill|The Adventures of OG Sherlock Kush|en|The Adventures of OG Sherlock Kush}} (C.E.2006) * {{ill|Æon Flux|en|Æon Flux}} (C.E.1991 – 1995) * {{ill|Allen Gregory|en|Allen Gregory}} ([[Fox Broadcasting Company|FOX]]: Autumn C.E.2011) * [[American Dad]] ([[Fox Broadcasting Company|FOX]]: C.E.2005 – present) * [[Aqua Teen Hunger Force]] ([[Adult Swim]]: C.E.2001 – 2015; C.E.2023) * [[Archer (TV series)|Archer]] ([[FX (TV channel)|FX]]: C.E.2009 – 2016; [[FXX]]: C.E.2017 – 2023) * [[Beavis and Butt-Head]] ([[MTV]]: C.E.1993 – 1997; C.E.2011; [[Paramount+]]: C.E.2022 – 2023; [[Comedy Central]]: tba) * [[Big Mouth (American TV series)]] ([[Netflix]]: C.E.2017 – 2025) * [[Bob's Burgers]] ([[Fox Broadcasting Company|FOX]]: C.E.2011 – present) * [[BoJack Horseman]] ([[Netflix]]: C.E.2014 – 2020) * [[The Boondocks (TV series)]] ([[Adult Swim]]: C.E.2009 – 2014) * [[The Brak Show]] ([[Adult Swim]]: C.E.2001 – 2003) * {{ill|Brickleberry|en|Brickleberry}} ([[Comedy Central]]: September 25, C.E.2012 – April 14, C.E.2015) * [[The Brothers Grunt]] ([[MTV]]: C.E.1994 – 1995) * [[The Cleveland Show]] ([[Fox Broadcasting Corporation|FOX]]: C.E.2009 – 2013) * [[The Critic]] (C.E.1994 – 1995) * [[Daria]] ([[MTV]]: C.E.1997 – 2002) * [[Downtown (1999 TV series)]] ([[MTV]]: C.E.1999) * [[Drawn Together]] ([[Comedy Central]]: C.E.2004 – 2007) * [[Dr. Katz, Professional Therapist]] ([[Comedy Central]]: C.E.1995 – 2002) * [[Duckman]] (C.E.1994 – 1997) * [[Duncanville (TV series)]] ([[Fox Broadcasting Company|FOX]]: February 16, C.E.2020 – June 26, C.E.2022; [[Hulu]]: October 18, C.E.2022) * [[The Eric Andre Show]]: ([[Adult Swim]]: C.E.2012 – 2023) * [[Family Guy]] ([[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]]:{{efn|Episode 50, "[[When You Wish Upon a Weinstein]]", was first broadcast on [[Adult Swim]] and episode 147, "[[Partial Terms of Endearment]]", was first broadcast on [[BBC Three]] in the [[United Kingdom]]. Select episodes have been released exclusively on streaming service [[Hulu]] in the U.S. and on the [[Star (Disney+)|Star hub]] of [[Disney+]] internationally since 2024.}} C.E.1999 – 2002;<ref name="ScreenRant">{{cite web|last1=Barker|first1=Stephen|last2=Fox|first2=Joshua|title=Why Family Guy Was Canceled After Season 3 (& Why It Came Back)|url=https://screenrant.com/why-family-guy-canceled-2002-return-reason/ |website=ScreenRant|language=en|date=February 5, 2023}}</ref>{{efn|While the series originally made its official end on February 14, 2002, "[[When You Wish Upon a Weinstein]]" was first broadcast on [[Adult Swim]] on November 9, 2003; the episode would later premiere on Fox on December 10, 2004.}} C.E.2005<ref name="ScreenRant"/> — present) * [[Father of the Pride]] ([[NBC]]: C.E.2004 – 2005) * [[Fatherhood (TV series)]] ([[Nick at Nite]]: C.E.2004 – 2005<ref>{{cite book|last1=Perlmutter|first1=David|title=The Encyclopedia of American Animated Television Shows|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofam0000perl|date=2018|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1538103739 |page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofam0000perl/page/n230 201]}}</ref>) * [[Final Space]] ([[TBS (American TV channel)|TBS]] {{small|(s. 1)}}/[[Adult Swim]] {{small|(s. 2–3)}}: February 26, C.E.2018 – June 14, C.E.2021) * [[Futurama]] ([[Fox Broadcasting Company|FOX]]: 1999 – 2003; [[Comedy Central]]: 2008 – 2013; [[Hulu]]: C.E.2023 – present) * [[Gary the Rat]] ([[Paramount Network|Spike TV]]: June 26 – December 11, C.E.2003) * [[The Great North]]: ([[Fox Broadcasting Company]]: January 3, C.E.2021 – present) * [[Harley Quinn (TV series)]] ([[DC Universe (streaming service)|DC Universe]]: November 29, 2019 – June 26, 2020; [[Max (streaming service)|HBO max]]: C.E.2022 – present) * [[Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law]] ([[Adult Swim]]: C.E.2001 – 2007; October 12, C.E.2018) * {{ill|HouseBroken|en|HouseBroken}} ([[Fox Broadcasting Company|FOX]]: May 31, C.E.2021 – August 6, C.E.2023) * [[Infomercials (TV specials)]] ([[Adult Swim]]: November 3, C.E.2009 – present) * [[Kid Notorious]] ([[Comedy Central]]: October 22 – December 17, C.E.2003) * [[King of the Hill]] ([[Fox Broadcasting Company|FOX]]: C.E.1997 – 2009; [[Syndicated|First-run syndication]]: May 3 – 6, C.E.2010) * [[Kite Man: Hell Yeah!]] ([[Max (streaming service)|HBO Max]]: July 18, C.E.2024 – present) * [[Metalocalypse]] ([[Adult Swim]]: C.E.2006 – 2013) * [[Mission Hill (TV series)]] ([[The WB]]: September 21, C.E.1999<ref name="Premiere date">{{cite news|url=http://www.tvtango.com/listings/1999/09/21|title=TV Listings for - September 21, 1999|work=TV Tango|access-date=May 22, 2023}}</ref> – July 16, C.E.2000; [[Adult Swim]]: May 26, C.E.2002 – August 11, C.E.2002) * [[Mr. Birchum]] ([[The Daily Wire|DailyWire+]]: May 12, C.E.2024 – present) * [[Napoleon Dynamite (TV series)]] (January 15 – March 4, C.E.2012) * {{ill|The New Norm Show|en|The New Norm}} ([[Twitter|X]] (formerly Twitter): June 25, C.E.2024 – present) * [[The Oblongs]] (C.E.2001 – 2002) * [[The PJs]] ([[Fox Broadcasting Company|FOX]]: C.E.1999 – 2000; [[The WB]]: C.E.2000 – 2001) * [[Regular Show]] ([[Cartoon Network]]/[[Nickelodeon]]: C.E.2009 – 2017) * [[Ren & Stimpy "Adult Party Cartoon"]] ([[Paramount Network|TNN/Spike TV]]: June 26 – July 24, C.E.2003) * [[Rick and Morty]] ([[Adult Swim]]: December 2, C.E.2013 – present) * [[Robot Chicken]] ([[Adult Swim]]: February 20, C.E.2005 – present) * [[Royal Crackers]] ([[Adult Swim]]: April 2, C.E.2023 – May 2, C.E.2024) * [[The Simpsons]] ([[Fox Broadcasting Company|FOX]]: C.E.1989 – present) * [[South Park]] ([[Comedy Central]]/[[Paramount+]]: August 13, C.E.1997 – present) * {{ill|Smiling Friends|en|Smiling Friends}} ([[Adult Swim]]: C.E.2022 – present) * {{ill|Solar Opposites|en|Solar Opposites}} ([[Hulu]]: May 8, C.E.2020 – present) * [[Space Ghost Coast to Coast]] (C.E.1994 – 2008) * [[Spy Groove]] ([[MTV]]: C.E.2000 – 2001) * [[Stripperella]] ([[Paramount Network|Spike TV]]: C.E.2003 – 2004) * [[Tim & Eric's Bedtime Stories]] ([[Adult Swim]]: C.E.2013; C.E.2014 – 2017) * [[The Venture Bros.]] ([[Adult Swim]]: C.E.2003 – 2018) * [[VH1 ILL-ustrated]] (C.E.2003 – 2004) * [[Wonder Showzen]] (C.E.2005 – 2006) * [[YOLO (2020 TV series)|YOLO]] ([[Adult Swim]]: August 10, C.E.2020 – present) ==Related pages== * [[Late night television]] ==Notes== {{Notelist}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{Commons category-inline}} *[https://www.avclub.com/a-brief-history-of-adult-animation-1850067524 The Brief History of Adult Animation] on [[The A.V. Club]] *[https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2021/oct/21/why-is-adult-animation-bigger-than-ever Life drawing: why is adult animation bigger than ever? - article at The Guardian] {{tv-stub}} [[Category:Animation]] [[Category:Television genres]] [[Category:Movie genres]] [[Category:Adult cartoons]] [[Category:Adult animation]] tfsd7m0thllynyrrzwsswvb8152jktd 0 1011427 10368597 10086061 2025-07-03T00:43:34Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 Typo: duplication 10368597 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ersa''' is a moon of the planet [[Jupiter]]. It is also called '''Jupiter LXXI'''. [[Scott S. Sheppard]] discovered it on 11 May 2018, using the 4.0- meter Victor M. Blanco Telescope at Cerro Tololo Observatory,[[Chile]]. This discovery was announced with other discoveries about Jupiter moons, on 17 July 2018 . The object got the temporary designation '''S/2018 J 1''' by the [[Minor Planet Center]], after observations were collected over a long enough time span to confirm its orbit. The satellite has been found in precovery observations as early as 6 August 2000. Ersa is part of the [[Himalia group]], a tight cluster of prograde irregular moons of Jupiter that follow similar orbits to Himalia at semi-major axes between 11-12 million km 6.8-7.5 million mi and inclinations between 26-31 . With an estimated diameter of 3 km 1.9 mi for an absolute magnitude ofr 15.9, it is one of the smallest known members of the Himalia group. [[Category:Jupiter's moons]] 978souuugklc523997ti5yi9gg12pta 0 1012161 10368327 8814983 2025-07-02T21:58:34Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 1) fixed 2 empty references; 2) fixed a grammatical error of duplicated extra "the" 10368327 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Yellow Flicker Beat | cover = | alt = Cover art features a hard-cover print with the song and title printed in dull, gold colors. An image of a Mockingjay is portrayed in the center. | border = yes | type = single | artist = [[Lorde]] | album = [[The Hunger Games: Mockingjay, Part 1 (soundtrack)|The Hunger Games: Mockingjay, Part 1]] | released = {{Start date|2014|9|29|df=yes}} | recorded = 28–29 August 2014 | studio = Lakehouse ([[Asbury Park]]) | venue = | genre = {{hlist|[[Art pop]]|[[electropop]]}} | length = 3:52 | label = [[Republic Records|Republic]] | writer = {{hlist|[[Lorde|Ella Yelich-O'Connor]]|[[Joel Little]]}} | producer = {{hlist|[[Paul Epworth]]|[[Joel Little]]}} | prev_title = [[Glory and Gore]] | prev_year = 2014 | next_title = [[Magnets (song)|Magnets]] | next_year = 2015 | misc = {{External music video|{{YouTube|3PdILZ_1P74|"Yellow Flicker Beat"}}|header=}} }} "'''Yellow Flicker Beat''''" is a 2014 song by New Zealand singer [[Lorde]]. It was released as a single to ''[[The Hunger Games: Mockingbird – Part 1]]'' soundtrack. It went to number 4 in New Zealand, number 16 in Hungary, number 21 in Canada, number 25 in Australia, number 27 in Switzerland, number 34 in the United States, number 35 in Austria, number 38 in Germany, number 54 in Scotland and number 71 in the United Kingdom. ==Track listings== ;Digital download<ref name="AuDownload">{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/au/album/yellow-flicker-beat-from-hunger/id922816872|title=Yellow Flicker Beat – Single|publisher=[[iTunes Store]]|location=Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028113535/https://itunes.apple.com/au/album/yellow-flicker-beat-from-hunger/id922816872|archive-date=28 October 2014}}</ref> # "Yellow Flicker Beat" – 3:52 ;Kanye West rework<ref name="kanyepreorder">{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/hunger-games-mockingjay-pt./id931167483|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113043550/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/hunger-games-mockingjay-pt./id931167483|title=The Hunger Games: Mockingjay, Pt. 1|publisher=iTunes Store|location=United States|archive-date=13 November 2014|access-date=12 November 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> # "Flicker (Kanye West Rework)" – 4:12 == References == {{reflist}} {{Lorde singles}} {{music-stub}} [[Category:2014 songs]] [[Category:Lorde songs]] [[Category:Art pop songs]] [[Category:Electropop songs]] kfzq7xo0uuwai4y1ivt840oxxsmfxb1 0 1012988 10368999 8819902 2025-07-03T05:38:53Z Huudk Jaska 1636048 add link 10368999 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Two Less Lonely People in the World | cover = | alt = | type = single | artist = [[Air Supply]] | album = [[Now and Forever (Air Supply album)|Now and Forever]] | B-side = What Kind of Girl | released = November 1982 | recorded = 1982 | studio = | venue = | genre = [[Soft rock]] | length = 3:59 | label = [[Arista Records|Arista]] <small>(US)</small> | writer = [[Howard Greenfield]], [[Ken Hirsch]] | producer = [[Harry Maslin]] | prev_title = [[Young Love (Air Supply song)|Young Love]] | prev_year = 1982 | year = 1982 | next_title = [[Making Love Out of Nothing at All]] | next_year = 1983 }} "'''Two Less Lonely People in the World'''" is a 1982 song by English-Australian band [[Air Supply]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cash Box Top 100 Singles, January 29, 1983|url=http://www.tropicalglen.com/Archives/80s_files/19830129.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150603012829/http://tropicalglen.com/Archives/80s_files/19830129.html|archive-date=June 3, 2015|access-date=December 24, 2016}}</ref> It is the third single from their seventh studio album ''[[Now and Forever (Air Supply album)|Now and Forever]]''. It went to number 38 in the United States and number 46 in Australia. It was a better hit on adult contemporary radio in Canada and the United States. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Air Supply}} {{music-stub}} [[Category:1982 songs]] [[Category:1980s ballads]] [[Category:Rock ballads]] [[Category:Air Supply songs]] [[Category:Soft rock songs]] juitahfoq979i1il4zf07epfkmp5tgs 10369001 10368999 2025-07-03T05:39:16Z Huudk Jaska 1636048 add link 10369001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Two Less Lonely People in the World | cover = | alt = | type = single | artist = [[Air Supply]] | album = [[Now and Forever (Air Supply album)|Now and Forever]] | B-side = What Kind of Girl | released = November 1982 | recorded = 1982 | studio = | venue = | genre = [[Soft rock]] | length = 3:59 | label = [[Arista Records|Arista]] <small>(US)</small> | writer = [[Howard Greenfield]], [[Ken Hirsch]] | producer = [[Harry Maslin]] | prev_title = [[Young Love (Air Supply song)|Young Love]] | prev_year = 1982 | year = 1982 | next_title = [[Making Love Out of Nothing at All]] | next_year = 1983 }} "'''Two Less Lonely People in the World'''" is a 1982 song by English-Australian band [[Air Supply]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cash Box Top 100 Singles, January 29, 1983|url=http://www.tropicalglen.com/Archives/80s_files/19830129.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150603012829/http://tropicalglen.com/Archives/80s_files/19830129.html|archive-date=June 3, 2015|access-date=December 24, 2016}}</ref> It is the third single from their seventh studio album ''[[Now and Forever (Air Supply album)|Now and Forever]]''. It went to number 38 in the United States and number 46 in Australia. It was a better hit on adult contemporary radio in Canada and the United States.<ref>{{cite magazine|date=November 13, 1982|title=Top Single Picks|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XiQEAAAAMBAJ|magazine=Billboard|page=75|accessdate=2023-02-08}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Air Supply}} {{music-stub}} [[Category:1982 songs]] [[Category:1980s ballads]] [[Category:Rock ballads]] [[Category:Air Supply songs]] [[Category:Soft rock songs]] 6etqpeudt8mgswwsx93j6b7m103x2ax 0 1015048 10368323 10356610 2025-07-02T21:55:04Z 66.68.9.226 10368323 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:List of ''Caillou'' episodes}} ''[[Caillou]]'' has produced a total of original 92 half-hour episodes (original 345 five-minute segments) aired by [[Cartoon Network (Canadian TV channel)|Teletoon]] from 1997 to 2009 and [[Treehouse TV]] from 2008 to 2018 in [[Canada]] and the separate 73-minute children's film ''[[Caillou's Holiday Movie]]'' (2003). On November 24, 2016, first revival series known as ''Caillou's New Adventures'', has produced a total of 30 half-hour episodes (original 150 five-minute segments) per five seasons. The camera sets up into [[computer animation]] through the second revival series and aired on [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]] in the United States since February 15, 2024, replacing [[PBS Kids]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=WILDBRAIN AND PEACOCK PARTNER ON CAILLOU FOR NEW CG-ANIMATED SERIES AND FIVE FAMILY SPECIALS |url=https://www.wildbrain.com/newsreleases/wildbrain-and-peacock-partner-on-caillou-for-new-cg-animated-series-and-five-family-specials/ |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=WildBrain |date=June 24, 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref>{{efn|On January 5, 2021, ''[[Caillou]]'' was cancelled by [[PBS Kids]] after 20 years, after [[PBS]] lost broadcast rights to the show on January 6, 2021. Reruns of ''Caillou'' aired on [[Cartoonito (American programming block)|Cartoonito]] from September 13, 2021 until May 4, 2022, as [[Cartoon Network]] lost broadcast rights to the show on May 5, 2022.}} == Series overview == <onlyinclude>''Caillou'' consists of five seasons<ref name="portfolio">{{cite web |url=http://www.seamonster.co.za/portfolio/caillou.html |title=Animation Portfolio: CAILLOU • Sea Monster |publisher=Seamonster.co.za |access-date=December 22, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224120153/http://www.seamonster.co.za/portfolio/caillou.html |archive-date=December 24, 2013}}</ref> of original 92 half-hour episodes,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://distribution.dhxmedia.com/catalogue/preschool/caillou |title=DHX Media – Distribution – Caillou – Catalogue – Pre-School |publisher=Distribution.dhxmedia.com |access-date=December 22, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117122938/http://distribution.dhxmedia.com/catalogue/preschool/caillou |archive-date=January 17, 2014}}</ref> and the 73-minute Christmas film ''[[Caillou's Holiday Movie]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://distribution.dhxmedia.com/catalogue/preschool/caillous-holiday-movie |title=DHX Media – Distribution – Caillou's Holiday Movie – Catalogue – Pre-School |publisher=Distribution.dhxmedia.com |access-date=March 25, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324121406/http://distribution.dhxmedia.com/catalogue/preschool/caillous-holiday-movie |archive-date=March 24, 2014}}</ref> {{Series overview | auxA = Segments | link1 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes</includeonly>#Season 1 (1997) | color1 = #800000 | episodes1 = 13 | auxA1 = 65 | start1 = {{dts|1997|09|15}} | end1 = {{dts|1997|11|18}} | network1 = [[Teletoon]]<br/>[[Télétoon]] | link2 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes</includeonly>#Season 2 (2000) | color2 = #9C9C00 | episodes2 = 20<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Come+Learn+With+Caillou!-a097340175 |title=Come Learn With Caillou! – Free Online Library |publisher=Thefreelibrary.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224105442/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Come+Learn+With+Caillou!-a097340175 |archive-date=December 24, 2013 |access-date=December 22, 2013}}</ref> | auxA2 = 80 | start2 = {{dts|2000|08|26}} | end2 = {{dts|2000|10|13}} | link3 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes</includeonly>#Season 3 (2002) | color3 = #006600 | episodes3 = 13<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.caillou.com/parentsteachers/prog_recap3.shtml |title=Caillou . Parents & Teachers . Episodes Descriptions . Season 3 |publisher=Caillou.com |access-date=February 8, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010011412/http://www.caillou.com/parentsteachers/prog_recap3.shtml |archive-date=October 10, 2013}}</ref> | auxA3 = 62 | start3 = {{dts|2002|01|12}} | end3 = {{dts|2002|03|31}} | color4 = #006161 | link4 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes</includeonly>#Season 4 (2006) | episodes4 = 20<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecookiejarcompany.com/download/Library/New%20Caillou.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070114102139/http://www.thecookiejarcompany.com/download/Library/New%20Caillou.pdf |archive-date=January 14, 2007 |title=New Caillou |access-date=December 22, 2013}}</ref> | auxA4 = 60 | start4 = {{dts|2006|04|01}} | end4 = {{dts|2006|08|23}} | color5 = #000080 | link5 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes</includeonly>#Season 5 (2010) | episodes5 = 26<ref name="portfolio">{{cite web |url=http://www.seamonster.co.za/portfolio/caillou.html |title=Animation Portfolio: CAILLOU • Sea Monster |publisher=Seamonster.co.za |access-date=December 22, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224120153/http://www.seamonster.co.za/portfolio/caillou.html |archive-date=December 24, 2013}}</ref> | auxA5 = 78 | start5 = {{dts|2010|09|11}}<ref name="press">{{cite web |url=http://www.thecookiejarcompany.com/press/cj_press_20100908.php |title=For the Kid Inside! |publisher=The Cookie Jar Company |date=September 8, 2010 |access-date=December 22, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118005722/http://thecookiejarcompany.com/press/cj_press_20100908.php |archive-date=November 18, 2011}}</ref> | end5 = {{dts|2011|04|17}} | network5 = [[Treehouse TV]] }}</onlyinclude> == Episodes == === Season 1 (1997) === {| class="wikitable" !No. in series !No. in season !Title !Original air date !Summary !ProdCode |- ! rowspan="1" |1a ! rowspan="1" |1a | "Caillou Makes Cookies" | September 15, 1997 | Feeling hungry, Caillou attempts to make Cookies for himself but ends up making a mess in the kitchen. ! rowspan="1" | 101a |- ! rowspan="1" |1b ! rowspan="1" |1b | "Caillou's Not Afraid Anymore" | September 16, 1997 | Caillou believes his neighbor Mr. Hinkle is scary and that his house is haunted. ! rowspan="1" |101b |- ! rowspan="1" |1c ! rowspan="1" |1c | "Caillou Hates Vegetables" | September 17, 1997 | Caillou is hesitant to eat Vegetables and wants to eat cookies for lunch. Grandpa soon solves the problem. ! rowspan="1" |101c |- ! rowspan="1" |1d ! rowspan="1" |1d | "Caillou’s All Alone" | September 18, 1997 | With everybody else busy, Caillou resorts to playing alone. ! rowspan="1" |101d |- ! rowspan="1" |1e ! rowspan="1" |1e | "Caillou Tidies His Toys" | September 19, 1997 | Caillou has left his toys all around the house and must pick them up. ! rowspan="1" |101e |- ! rowspan="1" |2a ! rowspan="1" |2a | "Caillou Learns to Drive" | September 20, 1997 |When playing with his toys, Caillou imagines what driving a car is like. ! rowspan="1" |102a |- ! rowspan="1" |2b ! rowspan="1" |2b | "Caillou at Daycare" | September 21, 1997 | Caillou is a bit afraid on his first day at Daycare, but he soon makes some new friends. ! rowspan="1" |102b |- ! rowspan="1" |2c ! rowspan="1" |2c | "Caillou Joins the Circus" | September 22, 1997 | Caillou gets upset and grumpy when he discovers the Circus is tomorrow, not today as he thought. ! rowspan="1" |102c |- ! rowspan="1" |2d ! rowspan="1" |2d | "Caillou is Afraid of the Dark" | September 23, 1997 | Caillou believes that bedtime monsters are real, and is afraid to sleep. ! rowspan="1" |102d |- ! rowspan="1" |2e ! rowspan="1" |2e | "Caillou’s Friends" | September 24, 1997 | While looking through a photo album with Grandma, Caillou discovers that he can be friends with anybody. ! rowspan="1" |102e |- ! rowspan="1" |3a ! rowspan="1" |3a | "Caillou Visits the Doctor" | September 25, 1997 | Caillou needs to have an ear test after a recent infection but is worried that the doctor will make it hurt again. ! rowspan="1" |103a |- ! rowspan="1" |3b ! rowspan="1" |3b | "Big Brother Caillou" | September 26, 1997 | In a flashback episode, a younger Caillou meets his little sister Rosie and gets jealous of her. ! rowspan="1" |103b |- ! rowspan="1" |3c ! rowspan="1" |3c | "Caillou Goes Shopping" | September 27, 1997 | Caillou goes out to the supermarket with Mommy and Rosie, but he gets himself lost. ! rowspan="1" |103c |- ! rowspan="1" |3d ! rowspan="1" |3d | "Caillou in the Bathtub" | September 28, 1997 | Caillou is hesitant to have a bath, but Mommy and Daddy soon solve the issue. ! rowspan="1" |103d |- ! rowspan="1" |3e ! rowspan="1" |3e | "Caillou Gets Dressed" | September 29, 1997 | With his clothes in the wash, Caillou dresses up in fancy clothes. ! rowspan="1" |103e |- ! rowspan="1" |4a ! rowspan="1" |4a | "Caillou’s Teddy Shirt" | September 30, 1997 | Caillou attempts to wear his favorite T-shirt again despite outgrowing from it. ! rowspan="1" |104a |- ! rowspan="1" |4b ! rowspan="1" |4b | "Caillou Goes Around the Block" | October 1, 1997 | Caillou takes a walk around the neighborhood and meets Sarah, one of his neighbors. ! rowspan="1" |104b |- ! rowspan="1" |4c ! rowspan="1" |4c | "Caillou’s Hiding Place" | October 2, 1997 | Caillou discovers a hollow interior inside a tree at Grandma and Grandpa's house. ! rowspan="1" |104c |- ! rowspan="1" |4d ! rowspan="1" |4d | "Caillou’s Birthday Present" | October 3, 1997 | It's Caillou's fourth birthday and he is very excited about the day. ! rowspan="1" |104d |- ! rowspan="1" |4e ! rowspan="1" |4e | "Caillou and Gilbert" | October 4, 1997 | Caillou attempts to play his games with Gilbert, but discovers he prefers his own kitty games. ! rowspan="1" |104e |- ! rowspan="1" |5a ! rowspan="1" |5a | "Caillou’s Summer Goodnight" | October 5, 1997 | Caillou has trouble sleeping as it's still light outside, but Grandma helps pass the time. ! rowspan="1" |105a |- ! rowspan="1" |5b ! rowspan="1" |5b | "Caillou is Scared of Dogs" | October 6, 1997 | After a dog barks at him, Caillou is quite fearful; but when he meets Grandma's sister's Dog, Rover, he discovers that they are wonderful pets. ! rowspan="1" |105b |- ! rowspan="1" |5c ! rowspan="1" |5c | "Caillou Goes to the Zoo" | October 7, 1997 | Caillou spends a family day out at the Zoo and befriends a monkey. ! rowspan="1" |105c |- ! rowspan="1" |5d ! rowspan="1" |5d | "Caillou's Rainy Day" | October 8, 1997 |Caillou enjoys splashing in rain puddles. ! rowspan="1" |105d |- ! rowspan="1" |5e ! rowspan="1" |5e | "Caillou at the Beach" | October 9, 1997 | Caillou goes to the beach for the first time and discovers all the sea creatures living there. ! rowspan="1" |105e |- ! rowspan="1" |6a ! rowspan="1" |6a | "Caillou’s New Shoes" | October 10, 1997 | Caillou buys a set of Running Shoes with Mommy. ! rowspan="1" |106a |- ! rowspan="1" |6b ! rowspan="1" |6b | "Caillou’s Snowman" | October 11, 1997 | Sarah teaches Caillou how to make a snowman, but he would rather want to play snowballs. ! rowspan="1" |106b |- ! rowspan="1" |6c ! rowspan="1" |6c | "Caillou is a Clown" | October 12, 1997 | Caillou helps Rosie conquer her fear of Clowns. ! rowspan="1" |106c |- ! rowspan="1" |6d ! rowspan="1" |6d | "Caillou’s Special Friend" | October 13, 1997 | Caillou uses his imagination to think up of someone to play with. ! rowspan="1" |106d |- ! rowspan="1" |6e ! rowspan="1" |6e | "Caillou Rakes the Leaves" | October 14, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |106e |- ! rowspan="1" |7a ! rowspan="1" |7a | "Caillou’s Big Friend" | October 15, 1997 | Caillou meets a boy named Andre, who is taller and a bit older than he is. ! rowspan="1" |107a |- ! rowspan="1" |7b ! rowspan="1" |7b | "Caillou’s Colors" | October 16, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |107b |- ! rowspan="1" |7c ! rowspan="1" |7c | "Caillou Mails a Letter" | October 17, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |107c |- ! rowspan="1" |7d ! rowspan="1" |7d | "Caillou Goes Camping" | October 18, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |107d |- ! rowspan="1" |7e ! rowspan="1" |7e | "Caillou Learns to Swim" | October 19, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |107e |- ! rowspan="1" |8a ! rowspan="1" |8a | "Caillou’s New Babysitter" | October 20, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |108a |- ! rowspan="1" |8b ! rowspan="1" |8b | "Caillou Learns to Skate" | October 21, 1997 | After being interested in a hockey game, Caillou wants to try out ice skating but finds it more difficult than he imagined. ! rowspan="1" |108b |- ! rowspan="1" |8c ! rowspan="1" |8c | "Caillou Makes a New Friend" | October 22, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |108c |- ! rowspan="1" |8d ! rowspan="1" |8d | "Caillou and Daddy" | October 23, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |108d |- ! rowspan="1" |8e ! rowspan="1" |8e | "Caillou Grows Carrots" | October 24, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |108e |- ! rowspan="1" |9a ! rowspan="1" |9a | "Caillou Goes to a Theme Park" | October 25, 1997 |Caillou and his family are going to a theme park and Caillou is excited to see Boris go on the Niagara Falls River Ride. After the ride, Caillou and his family had lunch and the siblings got some cotton candy. Caillou's family goes on the Ferris Wheel, as he can see the whole theme park instead of three hoops over a block of wood also he wins a bear contest. ! rowspan="1" |109a |- ! rowspan="1" |9b ! rowspan="1" |9b | "Caillou’s School Bus" | October 26, 1997 |Caillou practices his school bus drive while Daddy gives some patient time, while telling Mr. Washington looks for Caillou's picture drawn before he can ride the bus himself. After Sarah and all the other students go to school while Caillou takes home, thankfully the response he sees after his next birthday. ! rowspan="1" |109b |- ! rowspan="1" |9c ! rowspan="1" |9c | "Caillou Looks for Gilbert" | October 27, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |109c |- ! rowspan="1" |9d ! rowspan="1" |9d | "Caillou’s Surprise Breakfast" | October 28, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |109d |- ! rowspan="1" |9e ! rowspan="1" |9e | "Caillou’s Missing Sock" | October 29, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |109e |- ! rowspan="1" |10a ! rowspan="1" |10a | "Caillou Goes to Work" | October 30, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |110a |- ! rowspan="1" |10b ! rowspan="1" |10b | "Caillou’s Quarrel" | October 31, 1997 | Caillou has a falling out with Clementine over what game to play. ! rowspan="1" |110b |- ! rowspan="1" |10c ! rowspan="1" |10c | "Caillou's Getting Older" | November 1, 1997 | Caillou and Daddy are in the garden and find out the dead bird looks too old and too scared for him. However, Caillou confuses also revising his age from younger to older, in order: Rabbit, Dinosaur, and Teddy. ! rowspan="1" |110c |- ! rowspan="1" |10d ! rowspan="1" |10d | "Caillou’s Big Slide" | November 2, 1997 | While in the park with Clementine, Caillou is afraid to go down the tall slide. ! rowspan="1" |110d |- ! rowspan="1" |10e ! rowspan="1" |10e | "Caillou Walks a Dog" | November 3, 1997 | Caillou helps Grandma walk Rover the Dog and learns how dogs like him get exercise. ! rowspan="1" |110e |- ! rowspan="1" |11a ! rowspan="1" |11a | "Caillou Watches Rosie" | November 4, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |111a |- ! rowspan="1" |11b ! rowspan="1" |11b | "Caillou Gets Sick" | November 5, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |111b |- ! rowspan="1" |11c ! rowspan="1" |11c | "Caillou’s Phone Call" | November 6, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |111c |- ! rowspan="1" |11d ! rowspan="1" |11d | "Caillou Sleeps Over" | November 7, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |111d |- ! rowspan="1" |11e ! rowspan="1" |11e | "Caillou Plays Baby" | November 8, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |111e |- ! rowspan="1" |12a ! rowspan="1" |12a | "Caillou Flies on a Plane" | November 9, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |112a |- ! rowspan="1" |12b ! rowspan="1" |12b | "Rosie Bothers Caillou" | November 10, 1997 | Rosie unknowingly annoys Caillou when he wants to be alone. ! rowspan="1" |112b |- ! rowspan="1" |12c ! rowspan="1" |12c | "Caillou Goes Birdwatching" | November 11, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |112c |- ! rowspan="1" |12d ! rowspan="1" |12d | "Caillou and the Doll" | November 12, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |112d |- ! rowspan="1" |12e ! rowspan="1" |12e | "Caillou Hurts Himself" | November 13, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |112e |- ! rowspan="1" |13a ! rowspan="1" |13a | "Caillou’s Big Kick" | November 14, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |113a |- ! rowspan="1" |13b ! rowspan="1" |13b | "Caillou the Jungle Explorer" | November 15, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |113b |- ! rowspan="1" |13c ! rowspan="1" |13c | "The Caillou Show" | November 16, 1997 | Caillou's playgroup put on a play about watering flowers. ! rowspan="1" |113c |- ! rowspan="1" |13d ! rowspan="1" |13d | "Caillou Loves Halloween" | November 17, 1997 | Caillou goes out Trick-or-Treating with his friends. ! rowspan="1" |113d |- ! rowspan="1" |13e ! rowspan="1" |13e | "Caillou’s Picnic" | November 18, 1997 | Leo tags along with Caillou on a family picnic in the forest and imagines themselves as being brave knights. ! rowspan="1" |113e |- |} === Season 2 (2000) === {| class="wikitable" !No. in series !No. in season !Title !Written by !Storyboard by !Original air date<ref name="teletoonlogs">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/download/teletoon-english-crtc-logs-1999-2015|title=Teletoon broadcast logs|publisher=[[Internet Archive]]|work=[[Teletoon]]|date=May 8, 2022}}</ref> !Summary !ProdCode |- !14a !1a |"Star Light, Star Bright" | | |August 26, 2000 | !201a |- !14b !1b |"All in a Day's Work" | | |August 26, 2000 |Caillou and his family are having a busy day today. Doris refuses to turn off the alarm and she is going to be late for work. When the family is done eating breakfast and Mommy tells them to brush his teeth, he puts makeup on Rosie will be just like his mom. After finishing dressing up, Boris wonders what Caillou is taking so long, then the family are ready to go while the people go to work all day long. !201b |- !14c !1c |"The Cat's Meow" | | |August 26, 2000 | !201c |- !14d !1d |"Caillou in Space" | | |August 26, 2000 | !201d |- !15a !2a |"The Treasure Chest" | | |August 27, 2000 |Caillou is helping to clean out the attic with Mommy, he finds it and opens the treasure chest with some expecting things. !202a |- !15b !2b |"A Camping We Will Go!" | | |August 27, 2000 |Caillou and his family are on the road because they’re going on a camping trip. Caillou asks his Mom to stop to use the bathroom. Just then, Rosie woke up and saw that Mommy and Caillou were gone and starts crying, waking up Daddy and ending up having to go. Caillou notices a moose crossing sign and that he hopes to see a moose. They reach the campsite and meet Pierre, who tells them about all the great things they can do, but also notes that it's rare to see moose because they're afraid of humans. We had a batch of hamburgers for lunch. Caillou learns about not feeding wild animals with a hamburger bun and goes mountain climbing, they sleep outside in a hammock before he sees his moose. Rosie scares the moose away, but no one gets upset and everyone has a good laugh. !202b |- !15c !2c |"Chopsticks" | | |August 27, 2000 | !202c |- !15d !2d |"A Special Dog" | | |August 27, 2000 | !202d |- !16a !3a |"Caillou Beats the Heat" | | |August 29, 2000 |Caillou is sad that he and his family can't go to the pool, so they decide to have fun in the backyard. !203a |- !16b !3b |"Back Seat Driver" | | |August 29, 2000 | !203b |- !16c !3c |"Lost and Found" | | |August 29, 2000 | !203c |- !16d !3d |"Holiday Magic" | | |August 29, 2000 | !203d |- !17a !4a |"Downhill From Here" | | |August 29, 2000 | !204a |- !17b !4b |"Next Stop, Fun!" | | |August 29, 2000 | !204b |- !17c !4c |"Under Sail" | | |August 29, 2000 | !204c |- !17d !4d |"Farmer Caillou" | | |August 29, 2000 | !204d |- !18a !5a |"Sunday Brunch" | | |August 30, 2000 | !205a |- !18b !5b |"Caillou to the Rescue" | | |August 30, 2000 | !205b |- !18c !5c |"Caillou's Top Bunk" | | |August 30, 2000 | !205c |- !18d !5d |"Recipe for Fun" | | |August 30, 2000 | !205d |- !19a !6a |"New Kids on the Block" | | |August 30, 2000 | !206a |- !19b !6b |"Caillou Goes to School" | | |August 30, 2000 | !206b |- !19c !6c |"Caillou's Kitchen" | | |August 30, 2000 | !206c |- !19d !6d |"Caillou's Sea Adventure" | | |August 30, 2000 | !206d |- !20a !7a |"The Little Bird" | | |August 31, 2000 | !207a |- !20b !7b |"Lights Out!" | | |August 31, 2000 | !207b |- !20c !7c |"Caillou's Check Up" | | |August 31, 2000 | !207c |- !20d !7d |"Calling Dr. Caillou" | | |August 31, 2000 | !207d |- !21a !8a |"Pumpkin Patch Kid" | | |August 31, 2000 | !208a |- !21b !8b |"Caillou's Got Rhythm" | | |August 31, 2000 | !208b |- !21c !8c |"Do It Yourself!" | | |August 31, 2000 | !208c |- !21d !8d |"Caillou's Big Sale" | | |August 31, 2000 | !208d |- !22a !9a |"One, Two, Boom!" |Nicky Barton | Marie Blachard |September 1, 2000 |One stormy night, Caillou is frightened by [[lightning]], he later teaches Boris how to count to seven when a lightning flashes out. There, Gilbert reconciles to take a shortcut nap before storm's off. !209a |- !22b !9b |"Out of the Woods" | | |September 1, 2000 | !209b |- !22c !9c |"House Paint" | | |September 1, 2000 | !209c |- !22d !9d |"Caillou's Thanksgiving" | | |September 1, 2000 | !209d |- !23a !10a |"Say Cheese!" | | |September 1, 2000 | !210a |- !23b !10b |"Finders Keepers" | | |September 1, 2000 | !210b |- !23c !10c |"A Frog in Caillou's Throat" | | |September 1, 2000 | !210c |- !23d !10d |"Caillou the Great" | | |September 1, 2000 | !210d |- !24a !11a |"Clowning Around" | | |September 11, 2000 | !211a |- !24b !11b |"Read All About It!" | | |September 11, 2000 | !211b |- !24c !11c |"Mom for a Day" | | |September 11, 2000 | !211c |- !24d !11d |"Caillou Plays Baseball" | | |September 11, 2000 | !211d |- !25a !12a |"Comic Caper!" | | |September 11, 2000 | !212a |- !25b !12b |"Hide and Seek" | | |September 11, 2000 | !212b |- !25c !12c |"Caillou's Clouds" | | |September 11, 2000 | !212c |- !25d !12d |"Caillou Cleans Up" | | |September 11, 2000 | !212d |- !26a !13a |"Caillou and the Tooth Fairy" | | |September 12, 2000 | !213a |- !26b !13b |"I Want to Grow Up!" | | |September 12, 2000 | !213b |- !26c !13c |"Caillou's Big Chill" | | |September 12, 2000 | !213c |- !26d !13d |"Leo's Hamster" | | |September 12, 2000 | !213d |- !27a !14a |"Three's a Crowd" | | |September 12, 2000 | !214a |- !27b !14b |"Get Well Soon" | | |September 12, 2000 | !214b |- !27c !14c |"Shadow Play" | | |September 12, 2000 | !214c |- !27d !14d |"A New Member of the Family" | | |September 12, 2000 | !214d |- !28a !15a |"Surprise Party" | | |September 13, 2000 | !215a |- !28b !15b |"Caillou's Bad Dream" | | |September 13, 2000 | !215b |- !28c !15c |"Caillou Computes" | | |September 13, 2000 | !215c |- !28d !15d |"Caillou's Big Discovery" | | |September 13, 2000 | !215d |- !29a !16a |"Caillou Goes to the Car Wash" | | |September 13, 2000 | !216a |- !29b !16b |"Far Away Home!" | | |September 13, 2000 | !216b |- !29c !16c |"All You Can Eat" | | |September 13, 2000 | !216c |- !29d !16d |"Caillou Stays Up Late" | | |September 13, 2000 | !216d |- !30a !17a |"Backyard Zoo" | | |October 12, 2000 | !217a |- !30b !17b |"Caillou's Scavenger Hunt" | | |October 12, 2000 | !217b |- !30c !17c |"Too Many Cooks" | | |October 12, 2000 | !217c |- !30d !17d |"The Berry Patch" | | |October 12, 2000 | !217d |- !31a !18a |"Caillou's Suitcase" | | |October 12, 2000 | !218a |- !31b !18b |"Try, Try Again" | | |October 12, 2000 | !218b |- !31c !18c |"The New Leaf" | | |October 12, 2000 | !218c |- !31d !18d |"Happy New Year" | | |October 12, 2000 | !218d |- !32a !19a |"Caillou's Cross Word" | | |October 13, 2000 | !219a |- !32b !19b |"Caillou Meets Robbie" | | |October 13, 2000 | !219b |- !32c !19c |"The Piñata" | | |October 13, 2000 | !219c |- !32d !19d |"Caillou's Promise" | | |October 13, 2000 | !219d |- !33a !20a |"A Surprise for Mommy" | | |October 13, 2000 | !220a |- !33b !20b |"Caillou Misses Sarah" | | |October 13, 2000 | !220b |- !33c !20c |"Caillou's T-Shirt Trouble" | | |October 13, 2000 | !220c |- !33d !20d |"A Helping Hand" | | |October 13, 2000 | !220d |- |} === Season 3 (2002) === {| class="wikitable" !No. in series !No. in season !Title !Original air date<ref name="teletoonlogs">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/download/teletoon-english-crtc-logs-1999-2015|title=Teletoon broadcast logs|publisher=[[Internet Archive]]|work=[[Teletoon]]|date=May 8, 2022}}</ref> !Summary !ProdCode |- !34a !1a |"Caillou Tries Karate" |January 12, 2002 | !301a |- !34b !1b |"Just Like Daddy" |January 12, 2002 | !301b |- !34c !1c |"Caillou's Safari" |January 12, 2002 | !301c |- !34d !1d |"Cowboy Caillou" |January 12, 2002 | !301d |- !35a !2a |"Caillou's Coins" |January 13, 2002 | !302a |- !35b !2b |"Caillou's Canoe Trip" |January 13, 2002 | !302b |- !35c !2c |"Caillou and the Bulldozer" |January 13, 2002 | !302c |- !35d !2d |"Caillou the Firefighter" |January 13, 2002 | !302d |- !35e !2e |"Caillou the Timekeeper" |January 13, 2002 | !302e |- !36a !3a |"Elephants" |January 20, 2002 | !303a |- !36b !3b |"Caillou and the Sheep" |January 20, 2002 | !303b |- !36c !3c |"Caillou and the Puppies" |January 20, 2002 | !303c |- !36d !3d |"The Duck Family" |January 20, 2002 | !303d |- !36e !3e |"Clementine's New Pet" |January 20, 2002 | !303e |- !37a !4a |"Disappearing Carrots" |January 27, 2002 | !304a |- !37b !4b |"Caillou Marches On" |January 27, 2002 | !304b |- !37c !4c |"Who's Mooing?" |January 27, 2002 | !304c |- !37d !4d |"Follow That Sound" |January 27, 2002 | !304d |- !37e !4e |"Music Box!" |January 27, 2002 | !304e |- !38a !5a |"Caillou's Gym Day" |February 3, 2002 | !305a |- !38b !5b |"Our Rocketship" |February 3, 2002 | !305b |- !38c !5c |"Caillou Helps Grandpa" |February 3, 2002 | !305c |- !38d !5d |"Backyard Bowlers" |February 3, 2002 | !305d |- !38e !5e |"Caillou's Milk Run" |February 3, 2002 | !305e |- !39a !6a |"Dancing at Grandma's" |February 10, 2002 | !306a |- !39b !6b |"Mystery Valentine" |February 10, 2002 | !306b |- !39c !6c |"Play Ball!" |February 10, 2002 | !306c |- !39d !6d |"Dogsled Ahead!" |February 10, 2002 | !306d |- !40a !7a |"Caillou's Sleepover Guest" |February 17, 2002 | !307a |- !40b !7b |"Games in the Park" |February 17, 2002 | !307b |- !40c !7c |"The Sugar Shack" |February 17, 2002 | !307c |- !40d !7d |"Winter Mystery" |February 17, 2002 | !307d |- !40e !7e |"Caillou's Snow Day" |February 17, 2002 | !307e |- !41a !8a |"Caillou's Favorite Plate" |February 24, 2002 | !308a |- !41b !8b |"Fun in the Mud" |February 24, 2002 | !308b |- !41c !8c |"All Aboard!" |February 24, 2002 | !308c |- !41d !8d |"Gilbert's House" |February 24, 2002 | !308d |- !41e !8e |"I Scream for Ice Cream!" |February 24, 2002 | !308e |- !42a !9a |"Super Caillou" |March 3, 2002 | !309a |- !42b !9b |"Trip on the Subway" |March 3, 2002 | !309b |- !42c !9c |"Caillou's Race" |March 3, 2002 | !309c |- !42d !9d |"As Good As New" |March 3, 2002 | !309d |- !42e !9e |"I, Robot" |March 3, 2002 | !309e |- !43a !10a |"Caillou's Water Park" |March 10, 2002 | !310a |- !43b !10b |"Gone Fishing" |March 10, 2002 | !310b |- !43c !10c |"The Water Goes 'Round" |March 10, 2002 | !310c |- !43d !10d |"Caillou's Test Drive" |March 10, 2002 | !310d |- !43e !10e |"A Very Good Swimmer" |March 10, 2002 | !310e |- !44a !11a |"Caillou's Horn" |March 17, 2002 | !311a |- !44b !11b |"The Mighty Oak" |March 17, 2002 | !311b |- !44c !11c |"Get Well Mr. Hinkle" |March 17, 2002 | !311c |- !44d !11d |"The Big Boat!" |March 17, 2002 | !311d |- !45a !12a |"Something for Everyone" |March 24, 2002 | !312a |- !45b !12b |"Skating Lessons" |March 24, 2002 | !312b |- !45c !12c |"Caillou Becomes a Waiter" |March 24, 2002 | !312c |- !45d !12d |"Sticking to It!" |March 24, 2002 | !312d |- !45e !12e |"New Clothes" |March 24, 2002 | !312e |- !46a !13a |"Where I Live" |March 31, 2002 | !313a |- !46b !13b |"A Good Friend" |March 31, 2002 | !313b |- !46c !13c |"Just Like Me" |March 31, 2002 | !313c |- !46d !13d |"Just in Time" |March 31, 2002 | !313d |- !46e !13e |"Mr. Fixit" |March 31, 2002 | !313e |- |} === Season 4 (2006) === {| class="wikitable" !No. in series !No. in season !Title !Original air date<ref name="ket">{{cite web|url=https://www.ket.org/series/CAIU/all/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224024719/https://www.ket.org/series/CAIU/all/|title=Caillou << KET|publisher=[[Kentucky Educational Television]]|archive-date=December 24, 2014|access-date=October 24, 2023}}</ref> !Summary !ProdCode |- !47a !1a |"Where's Gilbert?" |April 1, 2006 | !401a |- !47b !1b |"Where I Saw It Last" |April 1, 2006 | !401b |- !47c !1c |"Lost in the Jungle" |April 1, 2006 | !401c |- !48a !2a |"Caillou and the Big Slide" |April 3, 2006 | !405a |- !48b !2b |"Caillou the Sailor" |April 3, 2006 | !405b |- !48c !2c |"Caillou and the Creepy Crawlies" |April 3, 2006 | !405c |- !49a !3a |"Caillou of the Antarctic" |April 4, 2006 | !409a |- !49b !3b |"Deep Sea Caillou" |April 4, 2006 | !409b |- !49c !3c |"Caillou in the Bayou" |April 4, 2006 | !409c |- !50a !4a |"Everyone's Best" |April 5, 2006 | !402a |- !50b !4b |"Stronger Every Day" |April 5, 2006 | !402b |- !50c !4c |"No More Training Wheels" |April 5, 2006 | !402c |- !51a !5a |"Caillou Plays the Drums" |April 6, 2006 | !407a |- !51b !5b |"Caillou's Marching Band" |April 6, 2006 | !407b |- !51c !5c |"Caillou Sings" |April 6, 2006 | !407c |- !52a !6a |"Caillou Helps Out" |April 7, 2006 | !404a |- !52b !6b |"Caillou the Firefighter" |April 7, 2006 | !404b |- !52c !6c |"Caillou to the Rescue" |April 7, 2006 | !404c |- !53a !7a |"Caillou the Road Builder" |April 26, 2006 | !403a |- !53b !7b |"Caillou's Building Adventure" |April 26, 2006 | !403b |- !53c !7c |"A House in the Sky" |April 26, 2006 | !403c |- !54a !8a |"Snowflakes" |May 17, 2006 | !406a |- !54b !8b |"Caillou Shoots! He Scores!" |May 17, 2006 | !406b |- !54c !8c |"Caillou Goes Tobogganing" |May 17, 2006 | !406c |- !55a !9a |"Show and Tell" |May 31, 2006 | !408a |- !55b !9b |"Caillou the Magician" |May 31, 2006 | !408b |- !55c !9c |"Caillou's Castle" |May 31, 2006 | !408c |- !56a !10a |"Magnet Madness" |June 14, 2006 | !410a |- !56b !10b |"Caillou the Dinosaur Hunter" |June 14, 2006 | !410b |- !56c !10c |"Caillou the Astronaut" |June 14, 2006 | !410c |- !57a !11a |"Caillou the Librarian" |June 21, 2006 | !411a |- !57b !11b |"Caillou the Bookworm" |June 21, 2006 | !411b |- !57c !11c |"Caillou the Storyteller" |June 21, 2006 | !411c |- !58a !12a |"A Present for Mommy" |June 28, 2006 | !412a |- !58b !12b |"Caillou the Chef" |June 28, 2006 | !412b |- !58c !12c |"Caillou the Painter" |June 28, 2006 | !412c |- !59a !13a |"Captain Caillou" |July 5, 2006 | !413a |- !59b !13b |"The Loudest Noise" |July 5, 2006 | !413b |- !59c !13c |"Caillou's First Wedding" |July 5, 2006 | !413c |- !60a !14a |"Caillou Goes Shopping" |July 12, 2006 | !414a |- !60b !14b |"Caillou Goes Apple Picking" |July 12, 2006 | !414b |- !60c !14c |"Caillou's Halloween Costume" |July 12, 2006 | !414c |- !61a !15a |"Shoo, Shoo Bird, Fly Away!" |July 19, 2006 | !415a |- !61b !15b |"Caillou's Road Trip" |July 19, 2006 | !415b |- !61c !15c |"Caillou and the Dragon" |July 19, 2006 | !415c |- !62a !16a |"Caillou's Surprise" |July 26, 2006 | !416a |- !62b !16b |"A Surprise for Miss Martin" |July 26, 2006 | !416b |- !62c !16c |"A Surprise Sleepover" |July 26, 2006 | !416c |- !63a !17a |"Caillou the Patient" |August 2, 2006 | !417a |- !63b !17b |"Caillou the Police Officer" |August 2, 2006 | !417b |- !63c !17c |"Grandpa's Friend" |August 2, 2006 | !417c |- !64a !18a |"Caillou Goes Caroling" |August 9, 2006 | !418a |- !64b !18b |"A Playschool Party" |August 9, 2006 | !418b |- !64c !18c |"Caillou's Christmas Eve" |August 9, 2006 | !418c |- !65a !19a |"Caillou's Valentines" |August 16, 2006 | !419a |- !65b !19b |"Hello Spring!" |August 16, 2006 | !419b |- !65c !19c |"Caillou's April Fool" |August 16, 2006 | !419c |- !66a !20a |"A Sweet and Sour Day" |August 23, 2006 | !420a |- !66b !20b |"Caillou's Puppet Show" |August 23, 2006 | !420b |- !66c !20c |"Caillou's Collection" |August 23, 2006 | !420c |- |} === Season 5 (2010–11) === {| class="wikitable" !No. in series !No. in season !Title !Original air date<ref name="treehouselogs">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/download/THTV-CRTC/Treehouse%20%28THTV%29%20CRTC%20Logs/|title=Treehouse TV broadcast logs|publisher=[[Internet Archive]]|work=[[Treehouse TV]]|date=September 5, 2022}}</ref> !Summary !ProdCode |- !67a !1a |"Caillou's Cricket" |September 11, 2010 | !501a |- !67b !1b |"Dog Dilemma" |September 11, 2010 | !501b |- !67c !1c |"The Spider Issue" |September 11, 2010 | !501c |- !68a !2a |"What's Ringette?" |September 11, 2010 | !503a |- !68b !2b |"Rainy Day at the Beach" |September 11, 2010 | !503b |- !68c !2c |"Caillou Climbs" |September 11, 2010 | !503c |- !69a !3a |"Big Kid Caillou" |September 12, 2010 | !505a |- !69b !3b |"Caillou's Glasses" |September 12, 2010 | !505b |- !69c !3c |"Caillou's Dance Party" |September 12, 2010 | !505c |- !70a !4a |"Caillou's Cross-Hop" |September 18, 2010 | !509a |- !70b !4b |"Glitter Glitch" |September 18, 2010 | !509b |- !70c !4c |"The Untidy Classroom" |September 18, 2010 | !509c |- !71a !5a |"No Tradebacks!" |September 18, 2010 | !510a |- !71b !5b |"Shoe Story" |September 18, 2010 | !510b |- !71c !5c |"Rollie Racers" |September 18, 2010 | !510c |- !72a !6a |"Caillou's Song" |September 19, 2010 | !511a |- !72b !6b |"Follow Me" |September 19, 2010 | !511b |- !72c !6c |"Where's Caillou?" |September 19, 2010 | !511c |- !73a !7a |"Olive Muddle" |September 25, 2010 | !512a |- !73b !7b |"Caillou's Clay Play" |September 25, 2010 | !512b |- !73c !7c |"The Lightning Ball Express" |September 25, 2010 | !512c |- !74a !8a |"Sarah's Kite" |September 25, 2010 | !513a |- !74b !8b |"Caillou's New Game" |September 25, 2010 | !513b |- !74c !8c |"Shiny Reminder" |September 25, 2010 | !513c |- !75a !9a |"Bunny Shmunny" |September 26, 2010 | !515a |- !75b !9b |"That's Mine!" |September 26, 2010 | !515b |- !75c !9c |"Raspberry Ruckus" |September 26, 2010 | !515c |- !76a !10a |"Where is Mars?" |October 2, 2010 | !516a |- !76b !10b |"Emma's Extra Snacks" |October 2, 2010 | !516b |- !76c !10c |"Lost and Found" |October 2, 2010 | !516c |- !77a !11a |"Copycat Clementine" |October 3, 2010 | !518a |- !77b !11b |"Caillou's Poster" |October 3, 2010 | !518b |- !77c !11c |"Playhouse Play Date" |October 3, 2010 | !518c |- !78a !12a |"Helping Mrs. Howard" |October 9, 2010 | !519a |- !78b !12b |"Caillou's Fun Run" |October 9, 2010 | !519b |- !78c !12c |"The New Girl" |October 9, 2010 | !519c |- !79a !13a |"Borrowed Book" |October 9, 2010 | !520a |- !79b !13b |"Fixing Mr. Bones" |October 9, 2010 | !520b |- !79c !13c |"Cailloodles" |October 9, 2010 | !520c |- !80a !14a |"Blueberry Point" |October 10, 2010 | !521a |- !80b !14b |"Class Pet" |October 10, 2010 | !521b |- !80c !14c |"In the Garden" |October 10, 2010 | !521c |- !81a !15a |"Caillou's Shadow" |October 11, 2010 | !506a |- !81b !15b |"High Flyers" |October 11, 2010 | !506b |- !81c !15c |"Caillou's Leaf Pile" |October 11, 2010 | !506c |- !82a !16a |"Caillou's Camel Ride" |October 16, 2010 | !522a |- !82b !16b |"It's Not Too Big for Me!" |October 16, 2010 | !522b |- !82c !16c |"Caillou's Flying Saucer" |October 16, 2010 | !522c |- !83a !17a |"Daddy's Puzzles" |October 16, 2010 | !523a |- !83b !17b |"Play with Me" |October 16, 2010 | !523b |- !83c !17c |"Caillou's Bad Luck" |October 16, 2010 | !523c |- !84a !18a |"Kitty Conundrum" |October 17, 2010 | !524a |- !84b !18b |"Caillou's Favorite Sweater" |October 17, 2010 | !524b |- !84c !18c |"Caillou's Big Dig" |October 17, 2010 | !524c |- !85a !19a |"Caillou Conducts" |October 23, 2010 | !525a |- !85b !19b |"Captain Caillou" |October 23, 2010 | !525b |- !85c !19c |"Caillou Roars" |October 23, 2010 | !525c |- !86a !20a |"Butterfly Surprise" |October 23, 2010 | !526a |- !86b !20b |"Soccer Trouble" |October 3, 2010 | !526b |- !86c !20c |"You're Not Miss Martin!" |October 3, 2010 | !526c |- !87a !21a |"Caillou Makes a Meal" |November 6, 2010 | !504a |- !87b !21b |"Caillou's New Groove" |November 6, 2010 | !504b |- !87c !21c |"Caillou Goes Bowling" |November 6, 2010 | !504c |- !88a !22a |"Caillou's Mini Marathon" |November 20, 2010 | !517a |- !88b !22b |"Smooth Sailing" |November 20, 2010 | !517b |- !88c !22c |"Am I Big Yet?" |November 20, 2010 | !517c |- !89a !23a |"Caillou Roller Skates" |February 6, 2011 | !502a |- !89b !23b |"Say Lettuce!" |February 6, 2011 | !502b |- !89c !23c |"Caillou Tries to Whistle" |February 6, 2011 | !502c |- !90a !24a |"Sharing the Rocketship" |February 19, 2011 | !507a |- !90b !24b |"Coach Grandpa" |February 19, 2011 | !507b |- !90c !24c |"The Safety Helper" |February 19, 2011 | !507c |- !91a !25a |"Rushing the Raspberry" |February 20, 2011 | !508a |- !91b !25b |"Wait to Skate" |February 20, 2011 | !508b |- !91c !25c |"Caillou's Hiccups" |February 20, 2011 | !508c |- !92a !26a |"Caillou Can Compost" |April 17, 2011 | !514a |- !92b !26b |"Caillou's Tree" |April 17, 2011 | !514b |- !92c !26c |"Caillou Saves Water" |April 17, 2011 | !514c |} ==Specials (2003)== {| class="wikitable" !Title !Summary !Release date |- | ''[[Caillou's Holiday Movie]]'' | Caillou explores Christmas traditions from around the world, after his daddy gives him a Christmas calendar that features a different country’s tradition behind each window. | October 7, 2003 |- |} ==Notes== {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} == See also == * [[List of Caillou episodes (PBS)]] == References == <!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. --> {{reflist}} [[Category:Caillou]] [[Category:Lists of animated television series episodes|Caillou]] jl9j2kacnv6slxdzvfg1tj6nsamr0iu 10368363 10368323 2025-07-02T22:20:33Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C Undid revision 10368323 by [[Special:Contributions/66.68.9.226|66.68.9.226]] ([[User talk:66.68.9.226|talk]]) 10368363 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:List of ''Caillou'' episodes}} ''[[Caillou]]'' has produced a total of original 92 half-hour episodes (original 345 five-minute segments) aired by [[Cartoon Network (Canadian TV channel)|Teletoon]] from 1997 to 2009 and [[Treehouse TV]] from 2009 to 2017 in [[Canada]] and the separate 90-minute children's film ''[[Caillou's Holiday Movie]]'' (2003). On November 24, 2016, first revival series known as ''Caillou's New Adventures'', has produced a total of 30 half-hour episodes (original 150 five-minute segments) per five seasons. The camera sets up into [[computer animation]] through the second revival series and aired on [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]] in the United States since February 15, 2024, replacing [[PBS Kids]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=WILDBRAIN AND PEACOCK PARTNER ON CAILLOU FOR NEW CG-ANIMATED SERIES AND FIVE FAMILY SPECIALS |url=https://www.wildbrain.com/newsreleases/wildbrain-and-peacock-partner-on-caillou-for-new-cg-animated-series-and-five-family-specials/ |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=WildBrain |date=June 24, 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref>{{efn|On January 5, 2021, ''[[Caillou]]'' was cancelled by [[PBS Kids]] after 20 years, after [[PBS]] lost broadcast rights to the show on January 6, 2021. Reruns of ''Caillou'' aired on [[Cartoonito (American programming block)|Cartoonito]] from September 13, 2021 until May 4, 2022, as [[Cartoon Network]] lost broadcast rights to the show on May 5, 2022.}} == Series overview == <onlyinclude>''Caillou'' consists of five seasons<ref name="portfolio">{{cite web |url=http://www.seamonster.co.za/portfolio/caillou.html |title=Animation Portfolio: CAILLOU • Sea Monster |publisher=Seamonster.co.za |access-date=December 22, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224120153/http://www.seamonster.co.za/portfolio/caillou.html |archive-date=December 24, 2013}}</ref> of original 92 half-hour episodes,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://distribution.dhxmedia.com/catalogue/preschool/caillou |title=DHX Media – Distribution – Caillou – Catalogue – Pre-School |publisher=Distribution.dhxmedia.com |access-date=December 22, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117122938/http://distribution.dhxmedia.com/catalogue/preschool/caillou |archive-date=January 17, 2014}}</ref> and the 73-minute Christmas film ''[[Caillou's Holiday Movie]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://distribution.dhxmedia.com/catalogue/preschool/caillous-holiday-movie |title=DHX Media – Distribution – Caillou's Holiday Movie – Catalogue – Pre-School |publisher=Distribution.dhxmedia.com |access-date=March 25, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324121406/http://distribution.dhxmedia.com/catalogue/preschool/caillous-holiday-movie |archive-date=March 24, 2014}}</ref> {{Series overview | auxA = Segments | link1 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes</includeonly>#Season 1 (1997) | color1 = #800000 | episodes1 = 13 | auxA1 = 65 | start1 = {{dts|1997|09|15}} | end1 = {{dts|1997|11|18}} | network1 = [[Teletoon]]<br/>[[Télétoon]] | link2 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes</includeonly>#Season 2 (2000) | color2 = #9C9C00 | episodes2 = 20<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Come+Learn+With+Caillou!-a097340175 |title=Come Learn With Caillou! – Free Online Library |publisher=Thefreelibrary.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224105442/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Come+Learn+With+Caillou!-a097340175 |archive-date=December 24, 2013 |access-date=December 22, 2013}}</ref> | auxA2 = 80 | start2 = {{dts|2000|08|26}} | end2 = {{dts|2000|10|13}} | link3 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes</includeonly>#Season 3 (2002) | color3 = #006600 | episodes3 = 13<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.caillou.com/parentsteachers/prog_recap3.shtml |title=Caillou . Parents & Teachers . Episodes Descriptions . Season 3 |publisher=Caillou.com |access-date=February 8, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010011412/http://www.caillou.com/parentsteachers/prog_recap3.shtml |archive-date=October 10, 2013}}</ref> | auxA3 = 62 | start3 = {{dts|2002|01|12}} | end3 = {{dts|2002|03|31}} | color4 = #006161 | link4 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes</includeonly>#Season 4 (2006) | episodes4 = 20<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecookiejarcompany.com/download/Library/New%20Caillou.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070114102139/http://www.thecookiejarcompany.com/download/Library/New%20Caillou.pdf |archive-date=January 14, 2007 |title=New Caillou |access-date=December 22, 2013}}</ref> | auxA4 = 60 | start4 = {{dts|2006|04|01}} | end4 = {{dts|2006|08|23}} | color5 = #000080 | link5 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes</includeonly>#Season 5 (2010) | episodes5 = 26<ref name="portfolio">{{cite web |url=http://www.seamonster.co.za/portfolio/caillou.html |title=Animation Portfolio: CAILLOU • Sea Monster |publisher=Seamonster.co.za |access-date=December 22, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224120153/http://www.seamonster.co.za/portfolio/caillou.html |archive-date=December 24, 2013}}</ref> | auxA5 = 78 | start5 = {{dts|2010|09|11}}<ref name="press">{{cite web |url=http://www.thecookiejarcompany.com/press/cj_press_20100908.php |title=For the Kid Inside! |publisher=The Cookie Jar Company |date=September 8, 2010 |access-date=December 22, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118005722/http://thecookiejarcompany.com/press/cj_press_20100908.php |archive-date=November 18, 2011}}</ref> | end5 = {{dts|2011|04|17}} | network5 = [[Treehouse TV]] }}</onlyinclude> == Episodes == === Season 1 (1997) === {| class="wikitable" !No. in series !No. in season !Title !Original air date !Summary !ProdCode |- ! rowspan="1" |1a ! rowspan="1" |1a | "Caillou Makes Cookies" | September 15, 1997 | Feeling hungry, Caillou attempts to make Cookies for himself but ends up making a mess in the kitchen. ! rowspan="1" | 101a |- ! rowspan="1" |1b ! rowspan="1" |1b | "Caillou's Not Afraid Anymore" | September 16, 1997 | Caillou believes his neighbor Mr. Hinkle is scary and that his house is haunted. ! rowspan="1" |101b |- ! rowspan="1" |1c ! rowspan="1" |1c | "Caillou Hates Vegetables" | September 17, 1997 | Caillou is hesitant to eat Vegetables and wants to eat cookies for lunch. Grandpa soon solves the problem. ! rowspan="1" |101c |- ! rowspan="1" |1d ! rowspan="1" |1d | "Caillou’s All Alone" | September 18, 1997 | With everybody else busy, Caillou resorts to playing alone. ! rowspan="1" |101d |- ! rowspan="1" |1e ! rowspan="1" |1e | "Caillou Tidies His Toys" | September 19, 1997 | Caillou has left his toys all around the house and must pick them up. ! rowspan="1" |101e |- ! rowspan="1" |2a ! rowspan="1" |2a | "Caillou Learns to Drive" | September 20, 1997 |When playing with his toys, Caillou imagines what driving a car is like. ! rowspan="1" |102a |- ! rowspan="1" |2b ! rowspan="1" |2b | "Caillou at Daycare" | September 21, 1997 | Caillou is a bit afraid on his first day at Daycare, but he soon makes some new friends. ! rowspan="1" |102b |- ! rowspan="1" |2c ! rowspan="1" |2c | "Caillou Joins the Circus" | September 22, 1997 | Caillou gets upset and grumpy when he discovers the Circus is tomorrow, not today as he thought. ! rowspan="1" |102c |- ! rowspan="1" |2d ! rowspan="1" |2d | "Caillou is Afraid of the Dark" | September 23, 1997 | Caillou believes that bedtime monsters are real, and is afraid to sleep. ! rowspan="1" |102d |- ! rowspan="1" |2e ! rowspan="1" |2e | "Caillou’s Friends" | September 24, 1997 | While looking through a photo album with Grandma, Caillou discovers that he can be friends with anybody. ! rowspan="1" |102e |- ! rowspan="1" |3a ! rowspan="1" |3a | "Caillou Visits the Doctor" | September 25, 1997 | Caillou needs to have an ear test after a recent infection but is worried that the doctor will make it hurt again. ! rowspan="1" |103a |- ! rowspan="1" |3b ! rowspan="1" |3b | "Big Brother Caillou" | September 26, 1997 | In a flashback episode, a younger Caillou meets his little sister Rosie and gets jealous of her. ! rowspan="1" |103b |- ! rowspan="1" |3c ! rowspan="1" |3c | "Caillou Goes Shopping" | September 27, 1997 | Caillou goes out to the supermarket with Mommy and Rosie, but he gets himself lost. ! rowspan="1" |103c |- ! rowspan="1" |3d ! rowspan="1" |3d | "Caillou in the Bathtub" | September 28, 1997 | Caillou is hesitant to have a bath, but Mommy and Daddy soon solve the issue. ! rowspan="1" |103d |- ! rowspan="1" |3e ! rowspan="1" |3e | "Caillou Gets Dressed" | September 29, 1997 | With his clothes in the wash, Caillou dresses up in fancy clothes. ! rowspan="1" |103e |- ! rowspan="1" |4a ! rowspan="1" |4a | "Caillou’s Teddy Shirt" | September 30, 1997 | Caillou attempts to wear his favorite T-shirt again despite outgrowing from it. ! rowspan="1" |104a |- ! rowspan="1" |4b ! rowspan="1" |4b | "Caillou Goes Around the Block" | October 1, 1997 | Caillou takes a walk around the neighborhood and meets Sarah, one of his neighbors. ! rowspan="1" |104b |- ! rowspan="1" |4c ! rowspan="1" |4c | "Caillou’s Hiding Place" | October 2, 1997 | Caillou discovers a hollow interior inside a tree at Grandma and Grandpa's house. ! rowspan="1" |104c |- ! rowspan="1" |4d ! rowspan="1" |4d | "Caillou’s Birthday Present" | October 3, 1997 | It's Caillou's fourth birthday and he is very excited about the day. ! rowspan="1" |104d |- ! rowspan="1" |4e ! rowspan="1" |4e | "Caillou and Gilbert" | October 4, 1997 | Caillou attempts to play his games with Gilbert, but discovers he prefers his own kitty games. ! rowspan="1" |104e |- ! rowspan="1" |5a ! rowspan="1" |5a | "Caillou’s Summer Goodnight" | October 5, 1997 | Caillou has trouble sleeping as it's still light outside, but Grandma helps pass the time. ! rowspan="1" |105a |- ! rowspan="1" |5b ! rowspan="1" |5b | "Caillou is Scared of Dogs" | October 6, 1997 | After a dog barks at him, Caillou is quite fearful; but when he meets Grandma's sister's Dog, Rover, he discovers that they are wonderful pets. ! rowspan="1" |105b |- ! rowspan="1" |5c ! rowspan="1" |5c | "Caillou Goes to the Zoo" | October 7, 1997 | Caillou spends a family day out at the Zoo and befriends a monkey. ! rowspan="1" |105c |- ! rowspan="1" |5d ! rowspan="1" |5d | "Caillou's Rainy Day" | October 8, 1997 |Caillou enjoys splashing in rain puddles. ! rowspan="1" |105d |- ! rowspan="1" |5e ! rowspan="1" |5e | "Caillou at the Beach" | October 9, 1997 | Caillou goes to the beach for the first time and discovers all the sea creatures living there. ! rowspan="1" |105e |- ! rowspan="1" |6a ! rowspan="1" |6a | "Caillou’s New Shoes" | October 10, 1997 | Caillou buys a set of Running Shoes with Mommy. ! rowspan="1" |106a |- ! rowspan="1" |6b ! rowspan="1" |6b | "Caillou’s Snowman" | October 11, 1997 | Sarah teaches Caillou how to make a snowman, but he would rather want to play snowballs. ! rowspan="1" |106b |- ! rowspan="1" |6c ! rowspan="1" |6c | "Caillou is a Clown" | October 12, 1997 | Caillou helps Rosie conquer her fear of Clowns. ! rowspan="1" |106c |- ! rowspan="1" |6d ! rowspan="1" |6d | "Caillou’s Special Friend" | October 13, 1997 | Caillou uses his imagination to think up of someone to play with. ! rowspan="1" |106d |- ! rowspan="1" |6e ! rowspan="1" |6e | "Caillou Rakes the Leaves" | October 14, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |106e |- ! rowspan="1" |7a ! rowspan="1" |7a | "Caillou’s Big Friend" | October 15, 1997 | Caillou meets a boy named Andre, who is taller and a bit older than he is. ! rowspan="1" |107a |- ! rowspan="1" |7b ! rowspan="1" |7b | "Caillou’s Colors" | October 16, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |107b |- ! rowspan="1" |7c ! rowspan="1" |7c | "Caillou Mails a Letter" | October 17, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |107c |- ! rowspan="1" |7d ! rowspan="1" |7d | "Caillou Goes Camping" | October 18, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |107d |- ! rowspan="1" |7e ! rowspan="1" |7e | "Caillou Learns to Swim" | October 19, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |107e |- ! rowspan="1" |8a ! rowspan="1" |8a | "Caillou’s New Babysitter" | October 20, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |108a |- ! rowspan="1" |8b ! rowspan="1" |8b | "Caillou Learns to Skate" | October 21, 1997 | After being interested in a hockey game, Caillou wants to try out ice skating but finds it more difficult than he imagined. ! rowspan="1" |108b |- ! rowspan="1" |8c ! rowspan="1" |8c | "Caillou Makes a New Friend" | October 22, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |108c |- ! rowspan="1" |8d ! rowspan="1" |8d | "Caillou and Daddy" | October 23, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |108d |- ! rowspan="1" |8e ! rowspan="1" |8e | "Caillou Grows Carrots" | October 24, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |108e |- ! rowspan="1" |9a ! rowspan="1" |9a | "Caillou Goes to a Theme Park" | October 25, 1997 |Caillou and his family are going to a theme park and Caillou is excited to see Boris go on the Niagara Falls River Ride. After the ride, Caillou and his family had lunch and the siblings got some cotton candy. Caillou's family goes on the Ferris Wheel, as he can see the whole theme park instead of three hoops over a block of wood also he wins a bear contest. ! rowspan="1" |109a |- ! rowspan="1" |9b ! rowspan="1" |9b | "Caillou’s School Bus" | October 26, 1997 |Caillou practices his school bus drive while Daddy gives some patient time, while telling Mr. Washington looks for Caillou's picture drawn before he can ride the bus himself. After Sarah and all the other students go to school while Caillou takes home, thankfully the response he sees after his next birthday. ! rowspan="1" |109b |- ! rowspan="1" |9c ! rowspan="1" |9c | "Caillou Looks for Gilbert" | October 27, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |109c |- ! rowspan="1" |9d ! rowspan="1" |9d | "Caillou’s Surprise Breakfast" | October 28, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |109d |- ! rowspan="1" |9e ! rowspan="1" |9e | "Caillou’s Missing Sock" | October 29, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |109e |- ! rowspan="1" |10a ! rowspan="1" |10a | "Caillou Goes to Work" | October 30, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |110a |- ! rowspan="1" |10b ! rowspan="1" |10b | "Caillou’s Quarrel" | October 31, 1997 | Caillou has a falling out with Clementine over what game to play. ! rowspan="1" |110b |- ! rowspan="1" |10c ! rowspan="1" |10c | "Caillou's Getting Older" | November 1, 1997 | Caillou and Daddy are in the garden and find out the dead bird looks too old and too scared for him. However, Caillou confuses also revising his age from younger to older, in order: Rabbit, Dinosaur, and Teddy. ! rowspan="1" |110c |- ! rowspan="1" |10d ! rowspan="1" |10d | "Caillou’s Big Slide" | November 2, 1997 | While in the park with Clementine, Caillou is afraid to go down the tall slide. ! rowspan="1" |110d |- ! rowspan="1" |10e ! rowspan="1" |10e | "Caillou Walks a Dog" | November 3, 1997 | Caillou helps Grandma walk Rover the Dog and learns how dogs like him get exercise. ! rowspan="1" |110e |- ! rowspan="1" |11a ! rowspan="1" |11a | "Caillou Watches Rosie" | November 4, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |111a |- ! rowspan="1" |11b ! rowspan="1" |11b | "Caillou Gets Sick" | November 5, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |111b |- ! rowspan="1" |11c ! rowspan="1" |11c | "Caillou’s Phone Call" | November 6, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |111c |- ! rowspan="1" |11d ! rowspan="1" |11d | "Caillou Sleeps Over" | November 7, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |111d |- ! rowspan="1" |11e ! rowspan="1" |11e | "Caillou Plays Baby" | November 8, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |111e |- ! rowspan="1" |12a ! rowspan="1" |12a | "Caillou Flies on a Plane" | November 9, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |112a |- ! rowspan="1" |12b ! rowspan="1" |12b | "Rosie Bothers Caillou" | November 10, 1997 | Rosie unknowingly annoys Caillou when he wants to be alone. ! rowspan="1" |112b |- ! rowspan="1" |12c ! rowspan="1" |12c | "Caillou Goes Birdwatching" | November 11, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |112c |- ! rowspan="1" |12d ! rowspan="1" |12d | "Caillou and the Doll" | November 12, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |112d |- ! rowspan="1" |12e ! rowspan="1" |12e | "Caillou Hurts Himself" | November 13, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |112e |- ! rowspan="1" |13a ! rowspan="1" |13a | "Caillou’s Big Kick" | November 14, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |113a |- ! rowspan="1" |13b ! rowspan="1" |13b | "Caillou the Jungle Explorer" | November 15, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |113b |- ! rowspan="1" |13c ! rowspan="1" |13c | "The Caillou Show" | November 16, 1997 | Caillou's playgroup put on a play about watering flowers. ! rowspan="1" |113c |- ! rowspan="1" |13d ! rowspan="1" |13d | "Caillou Loves Halloween" | November 17, 1997 | Caillou goes out Trick-or-Treating with his friends. ! rowspan="1" |113d |- ! rowspan="1" |13e ! rowspan="1" |13e | "Caillou’s Picnic" | November 18, 1997 | Leo tags along with Caillou on a family picnic in the forest and imagines themselves as being brave knights. ! rowspan="1" |113e |- |} === Season 2 (2000) === {| class="wikitable" !No. in series !No. in season !Title !Written by !Storyboard by !Original air date<ref name="teletoonlogs">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/download/teletoon-english-crtc-logs-1999-2015|title=Teletoon broadcast logs|publisher=[[Internet Archive]]|work=[[Teletoon]]|date=May 8, 2022}}</ref> !Summary !ProdCode |- !14a !1a |"Star Light, Star Bright" | | |August 26, 2000 | !201a |- !14b !1b |"All in a Day's Work" | | |August 26, 2000 |Caillou and his family are having a busy day today. Doris refuses to turn off the alarm and she is going to be late for work. When the family is done eating breakfast and Mommy tells them to brush his teeth, he puts makeup on Rosie will be just like his mom. After finishing dressing up, Boris wonders what Caillou is taking so long, then the family are ready to go while the people go to work all day long. !201b |- !14c !1c |"The Cat's Meow" | | |August 26, 2000 | !201c |- !14d !1d |"Caillou in Space" | | |August 26, 2000 | !201d |- !15a !2a |"The Treasure Chest" | | |August 27, 2000 |Caillou is helping to clean out the attic with Mommy, he finds it and opens the treasure chest with some expecting things. !202a |- !15b !2b |"A Camping We Will Go!" | | |August 27, 2000 |Caillou and his family are on the road because they’re going on a camping trip. Caillou asks his Mom to stop to use the bathroom. Just then, Rosie woke up and saw that Mommy and Caillou were gone and starts crying, waking up Daddy and ending up having to go. Caillou notices a moose crossing sign and that he hopes to see a moose. They reach the campsite and meet Pierre, who tells them about all the great things they can do, but also notes that it's rare to see moose because they're afraid of humans. We had a batch of hamburgers for lunch. Caillou learns about not feeding wild animals with a hamburger bun and goes mountain climbing, they sleep outside in a hammock before he sees his moose. Rosie scares the moose away, but no one gets upset and everyone has a good laugh. !202b |- !15c !2c |"Chopsticks" | | |August 27, 2000 | !202c |- !15d !2d |"A Special Dog" | | |August 27, 2000 | !202d |- !16a !3a |"Caillou Beats the Heat" | | |August 29, 2000 |Caillou is sad that he and his family can't go to the pool, so they decide to have fun in the backyard. !203a |- !16b !3b |"Back Seat Driver" | | |August 29, 2000 | !203b |- !16c !3c |"Lost and Found" | | |August 29, 2000 | !203c |- !16d !3d |"Holiday Magic" | | |August 29, 2000 | !203d |- !17a !4a |"Downhill From Here" | | |August 29, 2000 | !204a |- !17b !4b |"Next Stop, Fun!" | | |August 29, 2000 | !204b |- !17c !4c |"Under Sail" | | |August 29, 2000 | !204c |- !17d !4d |"Farmer Caillou" | | |August 29, 2000 | !204d |- !18a !5a |"Sunday Brunch" | | |August 30, 2000 | !205a |- !18b !5b |"Caillou to the Rescue" | | |August 30, 2000 | !205b |- !18c !5c |"Caillou's Top Bunk" | | |August 30, 2000 | !205c |- !18d !5d |"Recipe for Fun" | | |August 30, 2000 | !205d |- !19a !6a |"New Kids on the Block" | | |August 30, 2000 | !206a |- !19b !6b |"Caillou Goes to School" | | |August 30, 2000 | !206b |- !19c !6c |"Caillou's Kitchen" | | |August 30, 2000 | !206c |- !19d !6d |"Caillou's Sea Adventure" | | |August 30, 2000 | !206d |- !20a !7a |"The Little Bird" | | |August 31, 2000 | !207a |- !20b !7b |"Lights Out!" | | |August 31, 2000 | !207b |- !20c !7c |"Caillou's Check Up" | | |August 31, 2000 | !207c |- !20d !7d |"Calling Dr. Caillou" | | |August 31, 2000 | !207d |- !21a !8a |"Pumpkin Patch Kid" | | |August 31, 2000 | !208a |- !21b !8b |"Caillou's Got Rhythm" | | |August 31, 2000 | !208b |- !21c !8c |"Do It Yourself!" | | |August 31, 2000 | !208c |- !21d !8d |"Caillou's Big Sale" | | |August 31, 2000 | !208d |- !22a !9a |"One, Two, Boom!" |Nicky Barton | Marie Blachard |September 1, 2000 |One stormy night, Caillou is frightened by [[lightning]], he later teaches Boris how to count to seven when a lightning flashes out. There, Gilbert reconciles to take a shortcut nap before storm's off. !209a |- !22b !9b |"Out of the Woods" | | |September 1, 2000 | !209b |- !22c !9c |"House Paint" | | |September 1, 2000 | !209c |- !22d !9d |"Caillou's Thanksgiving" | | |September 1, 2000 | !209d |- !23a !10a |"Say Cheese!" | | |September 1, 2000 | !210a |- !23b !10b |"Finders Keepers" | | |September 1, 2000 | !210b |- !23c !10c |"A Frog in Caillou's Throat" | | |September 1, 2000 | !210c |- !23d !10d |"Caillou the Great" | | |September 1, 2000 | !210d |- !24a !11a |"Clowning Around" | | |September 11, 2000 | !211a |- !24b !11b |"Read All About It!" | | |September 11, 2000 | !211b |- !24c !11c |"Mom for a Day" | | |September 11, 2000 | !211c |- !24d !11d |"Caillou Plays Baseball" | | |September 11, 2000 | !211d |- !25a !12a |"Comic Caper!" | | |September 11, 2000 | !212a |- !25b !12b |"Hide and Seek" | | |September 11, 2000 | !212b |- !25c !12c |"Caillou's Clouds" | | |September 11, 2000 | !212c |- !25d !12d |"Caillou Cleans Up" | | |September 11, 2000 | !212d |- !26a !13a |"Caillou and the Tooth Fairy" | | |September 12, 2000 | !213a |- !26b !13b |"I Want to Grow Up!" | | |September 12, 2000 | !213b |- !26c !13c |"Caillou's Big Chill" | | |September 12, 2000 | !213c |- !26d !13d |"Leo's Hamster" | | |September 12, 2000 | !213d |- !27a !14a |"Three's a Crowd" | | |September 12, 2000 | !214a |- !27b !14b |"Get Well Soon" | | |September 12, 2000 | !214b |- !27c !14c |"Shadow Play" | | |September 12, 2000 | !214c |- !27d !14d |"A New Member of the Family" | | |September 12, 2000 | !214d |- !28a !15a |"Surprise Party" | | |September 13, 2000 | !215a |- !28b !15b |"Caillou's Bad Dream" | | |September 13, 2000 | !215b |- !28c !15c |"Caillou Computes" | | |September 13, 2000 | !215c |- !28d !15d |"Caillou's Big Discovery" | | |September 13, 2000 | !215d |- !29a !16a |"Caillou Goes to the Car Wash" | | |September 13, 2000 | !216a |- !29b !16b |"Far Away Home!" | | |September 13, 2000 | !216b |- !29c !16c |"All You Can Eat" | | |September 13, 2000 | !216c |- !29d !16d |"Caillou Stays Up Late" | | |September 13, 2000 | !216d |- !30a !17a |"Backyard Zoo" | | |October 12, 2000 | !217a |- !30b !17b |"Caillou's Scavenger Hunt" | | |October 12, 2000 | !217b |- !30c !17c |"Too Many Cooks" | | |October 12, 2000 | !217c |- !30d !17d |"The Berry Patch" | | |October 12, 2000 | !217d |- !31a !18a |"Caillou's Suitcase" | | |October 12, 2000 | !218a |- !31b !18b |"Try, Try Again" | | |October 12, 2000 | !218b |- !31c !18c |"The New Leaf" | | |October 12, 2000 | !218c |- !31d !18d |"Happy New Year" | | |October 12, 2000 | !218d |- !32a !19a |"Caillou's Cross Word" | | |October 13, 2000 | !219a |- !32b !19b |"Caillou Meets Robbie" | | |October 13, 2000 | !219b |- !32c !19c |"The Piñata" | | |October 13, 2000 | !219c |- !32d !19d |"Caillou's Promise" | | |October 13, 2000 | !219d |- !33a !20a |"A Surprise for Mommy" | | |October 13, 2000 | !220a |- !33b !20b |"Caillou Misses Sarah" | | |October 13, 2000 | !220b |- !33c !20c |"Caillou's T-Shirt Trouble" | | |October 13, 2000 | !220c |- !33d !20d |"A Helping Hand" | | |October 13, 2000 | !220d |- |} === Season 3 (2002) === {| class="wikitable" !No. in series !No. in season !Title !Original air date<ref name="teletoonlogs">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/download/teletoon-english-crtc-logs-1999-2015|title=Teletoon broadcast logs|publisher=[[Internet Archive]]|work=[[Teletoon]]|date=May 8, 2022}}</ref> !Summary !ProdCode |- !34a !1a |"Caillou Tries Karate" |January 12, 2002 | !301a |- !34b !1b |"Just Like Daddy" |January 12, 2002 | !301b |- !34c !1c |"Caillou's Safari" |January 12, 2002 | !301c |- !34d !1d |"Cowboy Caillou" |January 12, 2002 | !301d |- !35a !2a |"Caillou's Coins" |January 13, 2002 | !302a |- !35b !2b |"Caillou's Canoe Trip" |January 13, 2002 | !302b |- !35c !2c |"Caillou and the Bulldozer" |January 13, 2002 | !302c |- !35d !2d |"Caillou the Firefighter" |January 13, 2002 | !302d |- !35e !2e |"Caillou the Timekeeper" |January 13, 2002 | !302e |- !36a !3a |"Elephants" |January 20, 2002 | !303a |- !36b !3b |"Caillou and the Sheep" |January 20, 2002 | !303b |- !36c !3c |"Caillou and the Puppies" |January 20, 2002 | !303c |- !36d !3d |"The Duck Family" |January 20, 2002 | !303d |- !36e !3e |"Clementine's New Pet" |January 20, 2002 | !303e |- !37a !4a |"Disappearing Carrots" |January 27, 2002 | !304a |- !37b !4b |"Caillou Marches On" |January 27, 2002 | !304b |- !37c !4c |"Who's Mooing?" |January 27, 2002 | !304c |- !37d !4d |"Follow That Sound" |January 27, 2002 | !304d |- !37e !4e |"Music Box!" |January 27, 2002 | !304e |- !38a !5a |"Caillou's Gym Day" |February 3, 2002 | !305a |- !38b !5b |"Our Rocketship" |February 3, 2002 | !305b |- !38c !5c |"Caillou Helps Grandpa" |February 3, 2002 | !305c |- !38d !5d |"Backyard Bowlers" |February 3, 2002 | !305d |- !38e !5e |"Caillou's Milk Run" |February 3, 2002 | !305e |- !39a !6a |"Dancing at Grandma's" |February 10, 2002 | !306a |- !39b !6b |"Mystery Valentine" |February 10, 2002 | !306b |- !39c !6c |"Play Ball!" |February 10, 2002 | !306c |- !39d !6d |"Dogsled Ahead!" |February 10, 2002 | !306d |- !40a !7a |"Caillou's Sleepover Guest" |February 17, 2002 | !307a |- !40b !7b |"Games in the Park" |February 17, 2002 | !307b |- !40c !7c |"The Sugar Shack" |February 17, 2002 | !307c |- !40d !7d |"Winter Mystery" |February 17, 2002 | !307d |- !40e !7e |"Caillou's Snow Day" |February 17, 2002 | !307e |- !41a !8a |"Caillou's Favorite Plate" |February 24, 2002 | !308a |- !41b !8b |"Fun in the Mud" |February 24, 2002 | !308b |- !41c !8c |"All Aboard!" |February 24, 2002 | !308c |- !41d !8d |"Gilbert's House" |February 24, 2002 | !308d |- !41e !8e |"I Scream for Ice Cream!" |February 24, 2002 | !308e |- !42a !9a |"Super Caillou" |March 3, 2002 | !309a |- !42b !9b |"Trip on the Subway" |March 3, 2002 | !309b |- !42c !9c |"Caillou's Race" |March 3, 2002 | !309c |- !42d !9d |"As Good As New" |March 3, 2002 | !309d |- !42e !9e |"I, Robot" |March 3, 2002 | !309e |- !43a !10a |"Caillou's Water Park" |March 10, 2002 | !310a |- !43b !10b |"Gone Fishing" |March 10, 2002 | !310b |- !43c !10c |"The Water Goes 'Round" |March 10, 2002 | !310c |- !43d !10d |"Caillou's Test Drive" |March 10, 2002 | !310d |- !43e !10e |"A Very Good Swimmer" |March 10, 2002 | !310e |- !44a !11a |"Caillou's Horn" |March 17, 2002 | !311a |- !44b !11b |"The Mighty Oak" |March 17, 2002 | !311b |- !44c !11c |"Get Well Mr. Hinkle" |March 17, 2002 | !311c |- !44d !11d |"The Big Boat!" |March 17, 2002 | !311d |- !45a !12a |"Something for Everyone" |March 24, 2002 | !312a |- !45b !12b |"Skating Lessons" |March 24, 2002 | !312b |- !45c !12c |"Caillou Becomes a Waiter" |March 24, 2002 | !312c |- !45d !12d |"Sticking to It!" |March 24, 2002 | !312d |- !45e !12e |"New Clothes" |March 24, 2002 | !312e |- !46a !13a |"Where I Live" |March 31, 2002 | !313a |- !46b !13b |"A Good Friend" |March 31, 2002 | !313b |- !46c !13c |"Just Like Me" |March 31, 2002 | !313c |- !46d !13d |"Just in Time" |March 31, 2002 | !313d |- !46e !13e |"Mr. Fixit" |March 31, 2002 | !313e |- |} === Season 4 (2006) === {| class="wikitable" !No. in series !No. in season !Title !Original air date<ref name="ket">{{cite web|url=https://www.ket.org/series/CAIU/all/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224024719/https://www.ket.org/series/CAIU/all/|title=Caillou << KET|publisher=[[Kentucky Educational Television]]|archive-date=December 24, 2014|access-date=October 24, 2023}}</ref> !Summary !ProdCode |- !47a !1a |"Where's Gilbert?" |April 1, 2006 | !401a |- !47b !1b |"Where I Saw It Last" |April 1, 2006 | !401b |- !47c !1c |"Lost in the Jungle" |April 1, 2006 | !401c |- !48a !2a |"Caillou and the Big Slide" |April 3, 2006 | !405a |- !48b !2b |"Caillou the Sailor" |April 3, 2006 | !405b |- !48c !2c |"Caillou and the Creepy Crawlies" |April 3, 2006 | !405c |- !49a !3a |"Caillou of the Antarctic" |April 4, 2006 | !409a |- !49b !3b |"Deep Sea Caillou" |April 4, 2006 | !409b |- !49c !3c |"Caillou in the Bayou" |April 4, 2006 | !409c |- !50a !4a |"Everyone's Best" |April 5, 2006 | !402a |- !50b !4b |"Stronger Every Day" |April 5, 2006 | !402b |- !50c !4c |"No More Training Wheels" |April 5, 2006 | !402c |- !51a !5a |"Caillou Plays the Drums" |April 6, 2006 | !407a |- !51b !5b |"Caillou's Marching Band" |April 6, 2006 | !407b |- !51c !5c |"Caillou Sings" |April 6, 2006 | !407c |- !52a !6a |"Caillou Helps Out" |April 7, 2006 | !404a |- !52b !6b |"Caillou the Firefighter" |April 7, 2006 | !404b |- !52c !6c |"Caillou to the Rescue" |April 7, 2006 | !404c |- !53a !7a |"Caillou the Road Builder" |April 26, 2006 | !403a |- !53b !7b |"Caillou's Building Adventure" |April 26, 2006 | !403b |- !53c !7c |"A House in the Sky" |April 26, 2006 | !403c |- !54a !8a |"Snowflakes" |May 17, 2006 | !406a |- !54b !8b |"Caillou Shoots! He Scores!" |May 17, 2006 | !406b |- !54c !8c |"Caillou Goes Tobogganing" |May 17, 2006 | !406c |- !55a !9a |"Show and Tell" |May 31, 2006 | !408a |- !55b !9b |"Caillou the Magician" |May 31, 2006 | !408b |- !55c !9c |"Caillou's Castle" |May 31, 2006 | !408c |- !56a !10a |"Magnet Madness" |June 14, 2006 | !410a |- !56b !10b |"Caillou the Dinosaur Hunter" |June 14, 2006 | !410b |- !56c !10c |"Caillou the Astronaut" |June 14, 2006 | !410c |- !57a !11a |"Caillou the Librarian" |June 21, 2006 | !411a |- !57b !11b |"Caillou the Bookworm" |June 21, 2006 | !411b |- !57c !11c |"Caillou the Storyteller" |June 21, 2006 | !411c |- !58a !12a |"A Present for Mommy" |June 28, 2006 | !412a |- !58b !12b |"Caillou the Chef" |June 28, 2006 | !412b |- !58c !12c |"Caillou the Painter" |June 28, 2006 | !412c |- !59a !13a |"Captain Caillou" |July 5, 2006 | !413a |- !59b !13b |"The Loudest Noise" |July 5, 2006 | !413b |- !59c !13c |"Caillou's First Wedding" |July 5, 2006 | !413c |- !60a !14a |"Caillou Goes Shopping" |July 12, 2006 | !414a |- !60b !14b |"Caillou Goes Apple Picking" |July 12, 2006 | !414b |- !60c !14c |"Caillou's Halloween Costume" |July 12, 2006 | !414c |- !61a !15a |"Shoo, Shoo Bird, Fly Away!" |July 19, 2006 | !415a |- !61b !15b |"Caillou's Road Trip" |July 19, 2006 | !415b |- !61c !15c |"Caillou and the Dragon" |July 19, 2006 | !415c |- !62a !16a |"Caillou's Surprise" |July 26, 2006 | !416a |- !62b !16b |"A Surprise for Miss Martin" |July 26, 2006 | !416b |- !62c !16c |"A Surprise Sleepover" |July 26, 2006 | !416c |- !63a !17a |"Caillou the Patient" |August 2, 2006 | !417a |- !63b !17b |"Caillou the Police Officer" |August 2, 2006 | !417b |- !63c !17c |"Grandpa's Friend" |August 2, 2006 | !417c |- !64a !18a |"Caillou Goes Caroling" |August 9, 2006 | !418a |- !64b !18b |"A Playschool Party" |August 9, 2006 | !418b |- !64c !18c |"Caillou's Christmas Eve" |August 9, 2006 | !418c |- !65a !19a |"Caillou's Valentines" |August 16, 2006 | !419a |- !65b !19b |"Hello Spring!" |August 16, 2006 | !419b |- !65c !19c |"Caillou's April Fool" |August 16, 2006 | !419c |- !66a !20a |"A Sweet and Sour Day" |August 23, 2006 | !420a |- !66b !20b |"Caillou's Puppet Show" |August 23, 2006 | !420b |- !66c !20c |"Caillou's Collection" |August 23, 2006 | !420c |- |} === Season 5 (2010–11) === {| class="wikitable" !No. in series !No. in season !Title !Original air date<ref name="treehouselogs">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/download/THTV-CRTC/Treehouse%20%28THTV%29%20CRTC%20Logs/|title=Treehouse TV broadcast logs|publisher=[[Internet Archive]]|work=[[Treehouse TV]]|date=September 5, 2022}}</ref> !Summary !ProdCode |- !67a !1a |"Caillou's Cricket" |September 11, 2010 | !501a |- !67b !1b |"Dog Dilemma" |September 11, 2010 | !501b |- !67c !1c |"The Spider Issue" |September 11, 2010 | !501c |- !68a !2a |"What's Ringette?" |September 11, 2010 | !503a |- !68b !2b |"Rainy Day at the Beach" |September 11, 2010 | !503b |- !68c !2c |"Caillou Climbs" |September 11, 2010 | !503c |- !69a !3a |"Big Kid Caillou" |September 12, 2010 | !505a |- !69b !3b |"Caillou's Glasses" |September 12, 2010 | !505b |- !69c !3c |"Caillou's Dance Party" |September 12, 2010 | !505c |- !70a !4a |"Caillou's Cross-Hop" |September 18, 2010 | !509a |- !70b !4b |"Glitter Glitch" |September 18, 2010 | !509b |- !70c !4c |"The Untidy Classroom" |September 18, 2010 | !509c |- !71a !5a |"No Tradebacks!" |September 18, 2010 | !510a |- !71b !5b |"Shoe Story" |September 18, 2010 | !510b |- !71c !5c |"Rollie Racers" |September 18, 2010 | !510c |- !72a !6a |"Caillou's Song" |September 19, 2010 | !511a |- !72b !6b |"Follow Me" |September 19, 2010 | !511b |- !72c !6c |"Where's Caillou?" |September 19, 2010 | !511c |- !73a !7a |"Olive Muddle" |September 25, 2010 | !512a |- !73b !7b |"Caillou's Clay Play" |September 25, 2010 | !512b |- !73c !7c |"The Lightning Ball Express" |September 25, 2010 | !512c |- !74a !8a |"Sarah's Kite" |September 25, 2010 | !513a |- !74b !8b |"Caillou's New Game" |September 25, 2010 | !513b |- !74c !8c |"Shiny Reminder" |September 25, 2010 | !513c |- !75a !9a |"Bunny Shmunny" |September 26, 2010 | !515a |- !75b !9b |"That's Mine!" |September 26, 2010 | !515b |- !75c !9c |"Raspberry Ruckus" |September 26, 2010 | !515c |- !76a !10a |"Where is Mars?" |October 2, 2010 | !516a |- !76b !10b |"Emma's Extra Snacks" |October 2, 2010 | !516b |- !76c !10c |"Lost and Found" |October 2, 2010 | !516c |- !77a !11a |"Copycat Clementine" |October 3, 2010 | !518a |- !77b !11b |"Caillou's Poster" |October 3, 2010 | !518b |- !77c !11c |"Playhouse Play Date" |October 3, 2010 | !518c |- !78a !12a |"Helping Mrs. Howard" |October 9, 2010 | !519a |- !78b !12b |"Caillou's Fun Run" |October 9, 2010 | !519b |- !78c !12c |"The New Girl" |October 9, 2010 | !519c |- !79a !13a |"Borrowed Book" |October 9, 2010 | !520a |- !79b !13b |"Fixing Mr. Bones" |October 9, 2010 | !520b |- !79c !13c |"Cailloodles" |October 9, 2010 | !520c |- !80a !14a |"Blueberry Point" |October 10, 2010 | !521a |- !80b !14b |"Class Pet" |October 10, 2010 | !521b |- !80c !14c |"In the Garden" |October 10, 2010 | !521c |- !81a !15a |"Caillou's Shadow" |October 11, 2010 | !506a |- !81b !15b |"High Flyers" |October 11, 2010 | !506b |- !81c !15c |"Caillou's Leaf Pile" |October 11, 2010 | !506c |- !82a !16a |"Caillou's Camel Ride" |October 16, 2010 | !522a |- !82b !16b |"It's Not Too Big for Me!" |October 16, 2010 | !522b |- !82c !16c |"Caillou's Flying Saucer" |October 16, 2010 | !522c |- !83a !17a |"Daddy's Puzzles" |October 16, 2010 | !523a |- !83b !17b |"Play with Me" |October 16, 2010 | !523b |- !83c !17c |"Caillou's Bad Luck" |October 16, 2010 | !523c |- !84a !18a |"Kitty Conundrum" |October 17, 2010 | !524a |- !84b !18b |"Caillou's Favorite Sweater" |October 17, 2010 | !524b |- !84c !18c |"Caillou's Big Dig" |October 17, 2010 | !524c |- !85a !19a |"Caillou Conducts" |October 23, 2010 | !525a |- !85b !19b |"Captain Caillou" |October 23, 2010 | !525b |- !85c !19c |"Caillou Roars" |October 23, 2010 | !525c |- !86a !20a |"Butterfly Surprise" |October 23, 2010 | !526a |- !86b !20b |"Soccer Trouble" |October 3, 2010 | !526b |- !86c !20c |"You're Not Miss Martin!" |October 3, 2010 | !526c |- !87a !21a |"Caillou Makes a Meal" |November 6, 2010 | !504a |- !87b !21b |"Caillou's New Groove" |November 6, 2010 | !504b |- !87c !21c |"Caillou Goes Bowling" |November 6, 2010 | !504c |- !88a !22a |"Caillou's Mini Marathon" |November 20, 2010 | !517a |- !88b !22b |"Smooth Sailing" |November 20, 2010 | !517b |- !88c !22c |"Am I Big Yet?" |November 20, 2010 | !517c |- !89a !23a |"Caillou Roller Skates" |February 6, 2011 | !502a |- !89b !23b |"Say Lettuce!" |February 6, 2011 | !502b |- !89c !23c |"Caillou Tries to Whistle" |February 6, 2011 | !502c |- !90a !24a |"Sharing the Rocketship" |February 19, 2011 | !507a |- !90b !24b |"Coach Grandpa" |February 19, 2011 | !507b |- !90c !24c |"The Safety Helper" |February 19, 2011 | !507c |- !91a !25a |"Rushing the Raspberry" |February 20, 2011 | !508a |- !91b !25b |"Wait to Skate" |February 20, 2011 | !508b |- !91c !25c |"Caillou's Hiccups" |February 20, 2011 | !508c |- !92a !26a |"Caillou Can Compost" |April 17, 2011 | !514a |- !92b !26b |"Caillou's Tree" |April 17, 2011 | !514b |- !92c !26c |"Caillou Saves Water" |April 17, 2011 | !514c |} ==Specials (2003)== {| class="wikitable" !Title !Summary !Release date |- | ''[[Caillou's Holiday Movie]]'' | Caillou explores Christmas traditions from around the world, after his daddy gives him a Christmas calendar that features a different country’s tradition behind each window. | October 7, 2003 |- |} ==Notes== {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} == See also == * [[List of Caillou episodes (PBS)]] == References == <!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. --> {{reflist}} [[Category:Caillou]] [[Category:Lists of animated television series episodes|Caillou]] nkdhvusvbgmp209p53pfod3zzmeduhl 10368369 10368363 2025-07-02T22:22:14Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* top */ 10368369 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:List of ''Caillou'' episodes}} ''[[Caillou]]'' has produced a total of original 92 half-hour episodes (original 345 five-minute segments) aired by [[Cartoon Network (Canadian TV channel)|Teletoon]] from 1997 to 2009 and [[Treehouse TV]] from 2009 to 2017 in [[Canada]] and the separate 73-minute children's film ''[[Caillou's Holiday Movie]]'' (2003). On November 24, 2016, first revival series known as ''Caillou's New Adventures'', has produced a total of 30 half-hour episodes (original 150 five-minute segments) per five seasons. The camera sets up into [[computer animation]] through the second revival series and aired on [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]] in the United States since February 15, 2024, replacing [[PBS Kids]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=WILDBRAIN AND PEACOCK PARTNER ON CAILLOU FOR NEW CG-ANIMATED SERIES AND FIVE FAMILY SPECIALS |url=https://www.wildbrain.com/newsreleases/wildbrain-and-peacock-partner-on-caillou-for-new-cg-animated-series-and-five-family-specials/ |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=WildBrain |date=June 24, 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref>{{efn|On January 5, 2021, ''[[Caillou]]'' was cancelled by [[PBS Kids]] after 20 years, after [[PBS]] lost broadcast rights to the show on January 6, 2021. Reruns of ''Caillou'' aired on [[Cartoonito (American programming block)|Cartoonito]] from September 13, 2021 until May 4, 2022, as [[Cartoon Network]] lost broadcast rights to the show on May 5, 2022.}} == Series overview == <onlyinclude>''Caillou'' consists of five seasons<ref name="portfolio">{{cite web |url=http://www.seamonster.co.za/portfolio/caillou.html |title=Animation Portfolio: CAILLOU • Sea Monster |publisher=Seamonster.co.za |access-date=December 22, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224120153/http://www.seamonster.co.za/portfolio/caillou.html |archive-date=December 24, 2013}}</ref> of original 92 half-hour episodes,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://distribution.dhxmedia.com/catalogue/preschool/caillou |title=DHX Media – Distribution – Caillou – Catalogue – Pre-School |publisher=Distribution.dhxmedia.com |access-date=December 22, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117122938/http://distribution.dhxmedia.com/catalogue/preschool/caillou |archive-date=January 17, 2014}}</ref> and the 73-minute Christmas film ''[[Caillou's Holiday Movie]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://distribution.dhxmedia.com/catalogue/preschool/caillous-holiday-movie |title=DHX Media – Distribution – Caillou's Holiday Movie – Catalogue – Pre-School |publisher=Distribution.dhxmedia.com |access-date=March 25, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324121406/http://distribution.dhxmedia.com/catalogue/preschool/caillous-holiday-movie |archive-date=March 24, 2014}}</ref> {{Series overview | auxA = Segments | link1 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes</includeonly>#Season 1 (1997) | color1 = #800000 | episodes1 = 13 | auxA1 = 65 | start1 = {{dts|1997|09|15}} | end1 = {{dts|1997|11|18}} | network1 = [[Teletoon]]<br/>[[Télétoon]] | link2 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes</includeonly>#Season 2 (2000) | color2 = #9C9C00 | episodes2 = 20<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Come+Learn+With+Caillou!-a097340175 |title=Come Learn With Caillou! – Free Online Library |publisher=Thefreelibrary.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224105442/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Come+Learn+With+Caillou!-a097340175 |archive-date=December 24, 2013 |access-date=December 22, 2013}}</ref> | auxA2 = 80 | start2 = {{dts|2000|08|26}} | end2 = {{dts|2000|10|13}} | link3 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes</includeonly>#Season 3 (2002) | color3 = #006600 | episodes3 = 13<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.caillou.com/parentsteachers/prog_recap3.shtml |title=Caillou . Parents & Teachers . Episodes Descriptions . Season 3 |publisher=Caillou.com |access-date=February 8, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010011412/http://www.caillou.com/parentsteachers/prog_recap3.shtml |archive-date=October 10, 2013}}</ref> | auxA3 = 62 | start3 = {{dts|2002|01|12}} | end3 = {{dts|2002|03|31}} | color4 = #006161 | link4 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes</includeonly>#Season 4 (2006) | episodes4 = 20<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecookiejarcompany.com/download/Library/New%20Caillou.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070114102139/http://www.thecookiejarcompany.com/download/Library/New%20Caillou.pdf |archive-date=January 14, 2007 |title=New Caillou |access-date=December 22, 2013}}</ref> | auxA4 = 60 | start4 = {{dts|2006|04|01}} | end4 = {{dts|2006|08|23}} | color5 = #000080 | link5 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes</includeonly>#Season 5 (2010) | episodes5 = 26<ref name="portfolio">{{cite web |url=http://www.seamonster.co.za/portfolio/caillou.html |title=Animation Portfolio: CAILLOU • Sea Monster |publisher=Seamonster.co.za |access-date=December 22, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224120153/http://www.seamonster.co.za/portfolio/caillou.html |archive-date=December 24, 2013}}</ref> | auxA5 = 78 | start5 = {{dts|2010|09|11}}<ref name="press">{{cite web |url=http://www.thecookiejarcompany.com/press/cj_press_20100908.php |title=For the Kid Inside! |publisher=The Cookie Jar Company |date=September 8, 2010 |access-date=December 22, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118005722/http://thecookiejarcompany.com/press/cj_press_20100908.php |archive-date=November 18, 2011}}</ref> | end5 = {{dts|2011|04|17}} | network5 = [[Treehouse TV]] }}</onlyinclude> == Episodes == === Season 1 (1997) === {| class="wikitable" !No. in series !No. in season !Title !Original air date !Summary !ProdCode |- ! rowspan="1" |1a ! rowspan="1" |1a | "Caillou Makes Cookies" | September 15, 1997 | Feeling hungry, Caillou attempts to make Cookies for himself but ends up making a mess in the kitchen. ! rowspan="1" | 101a |- ! rowspan="1" |1b ! rowspan="1" |1b | "Caillou's Not Afraid Anymore" | September 16, 1997 | Caillou believes his neighbor Mr. Hinkle is scary and that his house is haunted. ! rowspan="1" |101b |- ! rowspan="1" |1c ! rowspan="1" |1c | "Caillou Hates Vegetables" | September 17, 1997 | Caillou is hesitant to eat Vegetables and wants to eat cookies for lunch. Grandpa soon solves the problem. ! rowspan="1" |101c |- ! rowspan="1" |1d ! rowspan="1" |1d | "Caillou’s All Alone" | September 18, 1997 | With everybody else busy, Caillou resorts to playing alone. ! rowspan="1" |101d |- ! rowspan="1" |1e ! rowspan="1" |1e | "Caillou Tidies His Toys" | September 19, 1997 | Caillou has left his toys all around the house and must pick them up. ! rowspan="1" |101e |- ! rowspan="1" |2a ! rowspan="1" |2a | "Caillou Learns to Drive" | September 20, 1997 |When playing with his toys, Caillou imagines what driving a car is like. ! rowspan="1" |102a |- ! rowspan="1" |2b ! rowspan="1" |2b | "Caillou at Daycare" | September 21, 1997 | Caillou is a bit afraid on his first day at Daycare, but he soon makes some new friends. ! rowspan="1" |102b |- ! rowspan="1" |2c ! rowspan="1" |2c | "Caillou Joins the Circus" | September 22, 1997 | Caillou gets upset and grumpy when he discovers the Circus is tomorrow, not today as he thought. ! rowspan="1" |102c |- ! rowspan="1" |2d ! rowspan="1" |2d | "Caillou is Afraid of the Dark" | September 23, 1997 | Caillou believes that bedtime monsters are real, and is afraid to sleep. ! rowspan="1" |102d |- ! rowspan="1" |2e ! rowspan="1" |2e | "Caillou’s Friends" | September 24, 1997 | While looking through a photo album with Grandma, Caillou discovers that he can be friends with anybody. ! rowspan="1" |102e |- ! rowspan="1" |3a ! rowspan="1" |3a | "Caillou Visits the Doctor" | September 25, 1997 | Caillou needs to have an ear test after a recent infection but is worried that the doctor will make it hurt again. ! rowspan="1" |103a |- ! rowspan="1" |3b ! rowspan="1" |3b | "Big Brother Caillou" | September 26, 1997 | In a flashback episode, a younger Caillou meets his little sister Rosie and gets jealous of her. ! rowspan="1" |103b |- ! rowspan="1" |3c ! rowspan="1" |3c | "Caillou Goes Shopping" | September 27, 1997 | Caillou goes out to the supermarket with Mommy and Rosie, but he gets himself lost. ! rowspan="1" |103c |- ! rowspan="1" |3d ! rowspan="1" |3d | "Caillou in the Bathtub" | September 28, 1997 | Caillou is hesitant to have a bath, but Mommy and Daddy soon solve the issue. ! rowspan="1" |103d |- ! rowspan="1" |3e ! rowspan="1" |3e | "Caillou Gets Dressed" | September 29, 1997 | With his clothes in the wash, Caillou dresses up in fancy clothes. ! rowspan="1" |103e |- ! rowspan="1" |4a ! rowspan="1" |4a | "Caillou’s Teddy Shirt" | September 30, 1997 | Caillou attempts to wear his favorite T-shirt again despite outgrowing from it. ! rowspan="1" |104a |- ! rowspan="1" |4b ! rowspan="1" |4b | "Caillou Goes Around the Block" | October 1, 1997 | Caillou takes a walk around the neighborhood and meets Sarah, one of his neighbors. ! rowspan="1" |104b |- ! rowspan="1" |4c ! rowspan="1" |4c | "Caillou’s Hiding Place" | October 2, 1997 | Caillou discovers a hollow interior inside a tree at Grandma and Grandpa's house. ! rowspan="1" |104c |- ! rowspan="1" |4d ! rowspan="1" |4d | "Caillou’s Birthday Present" | October 3, 1997 | It's Caillou's fourth birthday and he is very excited about the day. ! rowspan="1" |104d |- ! rowspan="1" |4e ! rowspan="1" |4e | "Caillou and Gilbert" | October 4, 1997 | Caillou attempts to play his games with Gilbert, but discovers he prefers his own kitty games. ! rowspan="1" |104e |- ! rowspan="1" |5a ! rowspan="1" |5a | "Caillou’s Summer Goodnight" | October 5, 1997 | Caillou has trouble sleeping as it's still light outside, but Grandma helps pass the time. ! rowspan="1" |105a |- ! rowspan="1" |5b ! rowspan="1" |5b | "Caillou is Scared of Dogs" | October 6, 1997 | After a dog barks at him, Caillou is quite fearful; but when he meets Grandma's sister's Dog, Rover, he discovers that they are wonderful pets. ! rowspan="1" |105b |- ! rowspan="1" |5c ! rowspan="1" |5c | "Caillou Goes to the Zoo" | October 7, 1997 | Caillou spends a family day out at the Zoo and befriends a monkey. ! rowspan="1" |105c |- ! rowspan="1" |5d ! rowspan="1" |5d | "Caillou's Rainy Day" | October 8, 1997 |Caillou enjoys splashing in rain puddles. ! rowspan="1" |105d |- ! rowspan="1" |5e ! rowspan="1" |5e | "Caillou at the Beach" | October 9, 1997 | Caillou goes to the beach for the first time and discovers all the sea creatures living there. ! rowspan="1" |105e |- ! rowspan="1" |6a ! rowspan="1" |6a | "Caillou’s New Shoes" | October 10, 1997 | Caillou buys a set of Running Shoes with Mommy. ! rowspan="1" |106a |- ! rowspan="1" |6b ! rowspan="1" |6b | "Caillou’s Snowman" | October 11, 1997 | Sarah teaches Caillou how to make a snowman, but he would rather want to play snowballs. ! rowspan="1" |106b |- ! rowspan="1" |6c ! rowspan="1" |6c | "Caillou is a Clown" | October 12, 1997 | Caillou helps Rosie conquer her fear of Clowns. ! rowspan="1" |106c |- ! rowspan="1" |6d ! rowspan="1" |6d | "Caillou’s Special Friend" | October 13, 1997 | Caillou uses his imagination to think up of someone to play with. ! rowspan="1" |106d |- ! rowspan="1" |6e ! rowspan="1" |6e | "Caillou Rakes the Leaves" | October 14, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |106e |- ! rowspan="1" |7a ! rowspan="1" |7a | "Caillou’s Big Friend" | October 15, 1997 | Caillou meets a boy named Andre, who is taller and a bit older than he is. ! rowspan="1" |107a |- ! rowspan="1" |7b ! rowspan="1" |7b | "Caillou’s Colors" | October 16, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |107b |- ! rowspan="1" |7c ! rowspan="1" |7c | "Caillou Mails a Letter" | October 17, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |107c |- ! rowspan="1" |7d ! rowspan="1" |7d | "Caillou Goes Camping" | October 18, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |107d |- ! rowspan="1" |7e ! rowspan="1" |7e | "Caillou Learns to Swim" | October 19, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |107e |- ! rowspan="1" |8a ! rowspan="1" |8a | "Caillou’s New Babysitter" | October 20, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |108a |- ! rowspan="1" |8b ! rowspan="1" |8b | "Caillou Learns to Skate" | October 21, 1997 | After being interested in a hockey game, Caillou wants to try out ice skating but finds it more difficult than he imagined. ! rowspan="1" |108b |- ! rowspan="1" |8c ! rowspan="1" |8c | "Caillou Makes a New Friend" | October 22, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |108c |- ! rowspan="1" |8d ! rowspan="1" |8d | "Caillou and Daddy" | October 23, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |108d |- ! rowspan="1" |8e ! rowspan="1" |8e | "Caillou Grows Carrots" | October 24, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |108e |- ! rowspan="1" |9a ! rowspan="1" |9a | "Caillou Goes to a Theme Park" | October 25, 1997 |Caillou and his family are going to a theme park and Caillou is excited to see Boris go on the Niagara Falls River Ride. After the ride, Caillou and his family had lunch and the siblings got some cotton candy. Caillou's family goes on the Ferris Wheel, as he can see the whole theme park instead of three hoops over a block of wood also he wins a bear contest. ! rowspan="1" |109a |- ! rowspan="1" |9b ! rowspan="1" |9b | "Caillou’s School Bus" | October 26, 1997 |Caillou practices his school bus drive while Daddy gives some patient time, while telling Mr. Washington looks for Caillou's picture drawn before he can ride the bus himself. After Sarah and all the other students go to school while Caillou takes home, thankfully the response he sees after his next birthday. ! rowspan="1" |109b |- ! rowspan="1" |9c ! rowspan="1" |9c | "Caillou Looks for Gilbert" | October 27, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |109c |- ! rowspan="1" |9d ! rowspan="1" |9d | "Caillou’s Surprise Breakfast" | October 28, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |109d |- ! rowspan="1" |9e ! rowspan="1" |9e | "Caillou’s Missing Sock" | October 29, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |109e |- ! rowspan="1" |10a ! rowspan="1" |10a | "Caillou Goes to Work" | October 30, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |110a |- ! rowspan="1" |10b ! rowspan="1" |10b | "Caillou’s Quarrel" | October 31, 1997 | Caillou has a falling out with Clementine over what game to play. ! rowspan="1" |110b |- ! rowspan="1" |10c ! rowspan="1" |10c | "Caillou's Getting Older" | November 1, 1997 | Caillou and Daddy are in the garden and find out the dead bird looks too old and too scared for him. However, Caillou confuses also revising his age from younger to older, in order: Rabbit, Dinosaur, and Teddy. ! rowspan="1" |110c |- ! rowspan="1" |10d ! rowspan="1" |10d | "Caillou’s Big Slide" | November 2, 1997 | While in the park with Clementine, Caillou is afraid to go down the tall slide. ! rowspan="1" |110d |- ! rowspan="1" |10e ! rowspan="1" |10e | "Caillou Walks a Dog" | November 3, 1997 | Caillou helps Grandma walk Rover the Dog and learns how dogs like him get exercise. ! rowspan="1" |110e |- ! rowspan="1" |11a ! rowspan="1" |11a | "Caillou Watches Rosie" | November 4, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |111a |- ! rowspan="1" |11b ! rowspan="1" |11b | "Caillou Gets Sick" | November 5, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |111b |- ! rowspan="1" |11c ! rowspan="1" |11c | "Caillou’s Phone Call" | November 6, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |111c |- ! rowspan="1" |11d ! rowspan="1" |11d | "Caillou Sleeps Over" | November 7, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |111d |- ! rowspan="1" |11e ! rowspan="1" |11e | "Caillou Plays Baby" | November 8, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |111e |- ! rowspan="1" |12a ! rowspan="1" |12a | "Caillou Flies on a Plane" | November 9, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |112a |- ! rowspan="1" |12b ! rowspan="1" |12b | "Rosie Bothers Caillou" | November 10, 1997 | Rosie unknowingly annoys Caillou when he wants to be alone. ! rowspan="1" |112b |- ! rowspan="1" |12c ! rowspan="1" |12c | "Caillou Goes Birdwatching" | November 11, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |112c |- ! rowspan="1" |12d ! rowspan="1" |12d | "Caillou and the Doll" | November 12, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |112d |- ! rowspan="1" |12e ! rowspan="1" |12e | "Caillou Hurts Himself" | November 13, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |112e |- ! rowspan="1" |13a ! rowspan="1" |13a | "Caillou’s Big Kick" | November 14, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |113a |- ! rowspan="1" |13b ! rowspan="1" |13b | "Caillou the Jungle Explorer" | November 15, 1997 | ! rowspan="1" |113b |- ! rowspan="1" |13c ! rowspan="1" |13c | "The Caillou Show" | November 16, 1997 | Caillou's playgroup put on a play about watering flowers. ! rowspan="1" |113c |- ! rowspan="1" |13d ! rowspan="1" |13d | "Caillou Loves Halloween" | November 17, 1997 | Caillou goes out Trick-or-Treating with his friends. ! rowspan="1" |113d |- ! rowspan="1" |13e ! rowspan="1" |13e | "Caillou’s Picnic" | November 18, 1997 | Leo tags along with Caillou on a family picnic in the forest and imagines themselves as being brave knights. ! rowspan="1" |113e |- |} === Season 2 (2000) === {| class="wikitable" !No. in series !No. in season !Title !Written by !Storyboard by !Original air date<ref name="teletoonlogs">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/download/teletoon-english-crtc-logs-1999-2015|title=Teletoon broadcast logs|publisher=[[Internet Archive]]|work=[[Teletoon]]|date=May 8, 2022}}</ref> !Summary !ProdCode |- !14a !1a |"Star Light, Star Bright" | | |August 26, 2000 | !201a |- !14b !1b |"All in a Day's Work" | | |August 26, 2000 |Caillou and his family are having a busy day today. Doris refuses to turn off the alarm and she is going to be late for work. When the family is done eating breakfast and Mommy tells them to brush his teeth, he puts makeup on Rosie will be just like his mom. After finishing dressing up, Boris wonders what Caillou is taking so long, then the family are ready to go while the people go to work all day long. !201b |- !14c !1c |"The Cat's Meow" | | |August 26, 2000 | !201c |- !14d !1d |"Caillou in Space" | | |August 26, 2000 | !201d |- !15a !2a |"The Treasure Chest" | | |August 27, 2000 |Caillou is helping to clean out the attic with Mommy, he finds it and opens the treasure chest with some expecting things. !202a |- !15b !2b |"A Camping We Will Go!" | | |August 27, 2000 |Caillou and his family are on the road because they’re going on a camping trip. Caillou asks his Mom to stop to use the bathroom. Just then, Rosie woke up and saw that Mommy and Caillou were gone and starts crying, waking up Daddy and ending up having to go. Caillou notices a moose crossing sign and that he hopes to see a moose. They reach the campsite and meet Pierre, who tells them about all the great things they can do, but also notes that it's rare to see moose because they're afraid of humans. We had a batch of hamburgers for lunch. Caillou learns about not feeding wild animals with a hamburger bun and goes mountain climbing, they sleep outside in a hammock before he sees his moose. Rosie scares the moose away, but no one gets upset and everyone has a good laugh. !202b |- !15c !2c |"Chopsticks" | | |August 27, 2000 | !202c |- !15d !2d |"A Special Dog" | | |August 27, 2000 | !202d |- !16a !3a |"Caillou Beats the Heat" | | |August 29, 2000 |Caillou is sad that he and his family can't go to the pool, so they decide to have fun in the backyard. !203a |- !16b !3b |"Back Seat Driver" | | |August 29, 2000 | !203b |- !16c !3c |"Lost and Found" | | |August 29, 2000 | !203c |- !16d !3d |"Holiday Magic" | | |August 29, 2000 | !203d |- !17a !4a |"Downhill From Here" | | |August 29, 2000 | !204a |- !17b !4b |"Next Stop, Fun!" | | |August 29, 2000 | !204b |- !17c !4c |"Under Sail" | | |August 29, 2000 | !204c |- !17d !4d |"Farmer Caillou" | | |August 29, 2000 | !204d |- !18a !5a |"Sunday Brunch" | | |August 30, 2000 | !205a |- !18b !5b |"Caillou to the Rescue" | | |August 30, 2000 | !205b |- !18c !5c |"Caillou's Top Bunk" | | |August 30, 2000 | !205c |- !18d !5d |"Recipe for Fun" | | |August 30, 2000 | !205d |- !19a !6a |"New Kids on the Block" | | |August 30, 2000 | !206a |- !19b !6b |"Caillou Goes to School" | | |August 30, 2000 | !206b |- !19c !6c |"Caillou's Kitchen" | | |August 30, 2000 | !206c |- !19d !6d |"Caillou's Sea Adventure" | | |August 30, 2000 | !206d |- !20a !7a |"The Little Bird" | | |August 31, 2000 | !207a |- !20b !7b |"Lights Out!" | | |August 31, 2000 | !207b |- !20c !7c |"Caillou's Check Up" | | |August 31, 2000 | !207c |- !20d !7d |"Calling Dr. Caillou" | | |August 31, 2000 | !207d |- !21a !8a |"Pumpkin Patch Kid" | | |August 31, 2000 | !208a |- !21b !8b |"Caillou's Got Rhythm" | | |August 31, 2000 | !208b |- !21c !8c |"Do It Yourself!" | | |August 31, 2000 | !208c |- !21d !8d |"Caillou's Big Sale" | | |August 31, 2000 | !208d |- !22a !9a |"One, Two, Boom!" |Nicky Barton | Marie Blachard |September 1, 2000 |One stormy night, Caillou is frightened by [[lightning]], he later teaches Boris how to count to seven when a lightning flashes out. There, Gilbert reconciles to take a shortcut nap before storm's off. !209a |- !22b !9b |"Out of the Woods" | | |September 1, 2000 | !209b |- !22c !9c |"House Paint" | | |September 1, 2000 | !209c |- !22d !9d |"Caillou's Thanksgiving" | | |September 1, 2000 | !209d |- !23a !10a |"Say Cheese!" | | |September 1, 2000 | !210a |- !23b !10b |"Finders Keepers" | | |September 1, 2000 | !210b |- !23c !10c |"A Frog in Caillou's Throat" | | |September 1, 2000 | !210c |- !23d !10d |"Caillou the Great" | | |September 1, 2000 | !210d |- !24a !11a |"Clowning Around" | | |September 11, 2000 | !211a |- !24b !11b |"Read All About It!" | | |September 11, 2000 | !211b |- !24c !11c |"Mom for a Day" | | |September 11, 2000 | !211c |- !24d !11d |"Caillou Plays Baseball" | | |September 11, 2000 | !211d |- !25a !12a |"Comic Caper!" | | |September 11, 2000 | !212a |- !25b !12b |"Hide and Seek" | | |September 11, 2000 | !212b |- !25c !12c |"Caillou's Clouds" | | |September 11, 2000 | !212c |- !25d !12d |"Caillou Cleans Up" | | |September 11, 2000 | !212d |- !26a !13a |"Caillou and the Tooth Fairy" | | |September 12, 2000 | !213a |- !26b !13b |"I Want to Grow Up!" | | |September 12, 2000 | !213b |- !26c !13c |"Caillou's Big Chill" | | |September 12, 2000 | !213c |- !26d !13d |"Leo's Hamster" | | |September 12, 2000 | !213d |- !27a !14a |"Three's a Crowd" | | |September 12, 2000 | !214a |- !27b !14b |"Get Well Soon" | | |September 12, 2000 | !214b |- !27c !14c |"Shadow Play" | | |September 12, 2000 | !214c |- !27d !14d |"A New Member of the Family" | | |September 12, 2000 | !214d |- !28a !15a |"Surprise Party" | | |September 13, 2000 | !215a |- !28b !15b |"Caillou's Bad Dream" | | |September 13, 2000 | !215b |- !28c !15c |"Caillou Computes" | | |September 13, 2000 | !215c |- !28d !15d |"Caillou's Big Discovery" | | |September 13, 2000 | !215d |- !29a !16a |"Caillou Goes to the Car Wash" | | |September 13, 2000 | !216a |- !29b !16b |"Far Away Home!" | | |September 13, 2000 | !216b |- !29c !16c |"All You Can Eat" | | |September 13, 2000 | !216c |- !29d !16d |"Caillou Stays Up Late" | | |September 13, 2000 | !216d |- !30a !17a |"Backyard Zoo" | | |October 12, 2000 | !217a |- !30b !17b |"Caillou's Scavenger Hunt" | | |October 12, 2000 | !217b |- !30c !17c |"Too Many Cooks" | | |October 12, 2000 | !217c |- !30d !17d |"The Berry Patch" | | |October 12, 2000 | !217d |- !31a !18a |"Caillou's Suitcase" | | |October 12, 2000 | !218a |- !31b !18b |"Try, Try Again" | | |October 12, 2000 | !218b |- !31c !18c |"The New Leaf" | | |October 12, 2000 | !218c |- !31d !18d |"Happy New Year" | | |October 12, 2000 | !218d |- !32a !19a |"Caillou's Cross Word" | | |October 13, 2000 | !219a |- !32b !19b |"Caillou Meets Robbie" | | |October 13, 2000 | !219b |- !32c !19c |"The Piñata" | | |October 13, 2000 | !219c |- !32d !19d |"Caillou's Promise" | | |October 13, 2000 | !219d |- !33a !20a |"A Surprise for Mommy" | | |October 13, 2000 | !220a |- !33b !20b |"Caillou Misses Sarah" | | |October 13, 2000 | !220b |- !33c !20c |"Caillou's T-Shirt Trouble" | | |October 13, 2000 | !220c |- !33d !20d |"A Helping Hand" | | |October 13, 2000 | !220d |- |} === Season 3 (2002) === {| class="wikitable" !No. in series !No. in season !Title !Original air date<ref name="teletoonlogs">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/download/teletoon-english-crtc-logs-1999-2015|title=Teletoon broadcast logs|publisher=[[Internet Archive]]|work=[[Teletoon]]|date=May 8, 2022}}</ref> !Summary !ProdCode |- !34a !1a |"Caillou Tries Karate" |January 12, 2002 | !301a |- !34b !1b |"Just Like Daddy" |January 12, 2002 | !301b |- !34c !1c |"Caillou's Safari" |January 12, 2002 | !301c |- !34d !1d |"Cowboy Caillou" |January 12, 2002 | !301d |- !35a !2a |"Caillou's Coins" |January 13, 2002 | !302a |- !35b !2b |"Caillou's Canoe Trip" |January 13, 2002 | !302b |- !35c !2c |"Caillou and the Bulldozer" |January 13, 2002 | !302c |- !35d !2d |"Caillou the Firefighter" |January 13, 2002 | !302d |- !35e !2e |"Caillou the Timekeeper" |January 13, 2002 | !302e |- !36a !3a |"Elephants" |January 20, 2002 | !303a |- !36b !3b |"Caillou and the Sheep" |January 20, 2002 | !303b |- !36c !3c |"Caillou and the Puppies" |January 20, 2002 | !303c |- !36d !3d |"The Duck Family" |January 20, 2002 | !303d |- !36e !3e |"Clementine's New Pet" |January 20, 2002 | !303e |- !37a !4a |"Disappearing Carrots" |January 27, 2002 | !304a |- !37b !4b |"Caillou Marches On" |January 27, 2002 | !304b |- !37c !4c |"Who's Mooing?" |January 27, 2002 | !304c |- !37d !4d |"Follow That Sound" |January 27, 2002 | !304d |- !37e !4e |"Music Box!" |January 27, 2002 | !304e |- !38a !5a |"Caillou's Gym Day" |February 3, 2002 | !305a |- !38b !5b |"Our Rocketship" |February 3, 2002 | !305b |- !38c !5c |"Caillou Helps Grandpa" |February 3, 2002 | !305c |- !38d !5d |"Backyard Bowlers" |February 3, 2002 | !305d |- !38e !5e |"Caillou's Milk Run" |February 3, 2002 | !305e |- !39a !6a |"Dancing at Grandma's" |February 10, 2002 | !306a |- !39b !6b |"Mystery Valentine" |February 10, 2002 | !306b |- !39c !6c |"Play Ball!" |February 10, 2002 | !306c |- !39d !6d |"Dogsled Ahead!" |February 10, 2002 | !306d |- !40a !7a |"Caillou's Sleepover Guest" |February 17, 2002 | !307a |- !40b !7b |"Games in the Park" |February 17, 2002 | !307b |- !40c !7c |"The Sugar Shack" |February 17, 2002 | !307c |- !40d !7d |"Winter Mystery" |February 17, 2002 | !307d |- !40e !7e |"Caillou's Snow Day" |February 17, 2002 | !307e |- !41a !8a |"Caillou's Favorite Plate" |February 24, 2002 | !308a |- !41b !8b |"Fun in the Mud" |February 24, 2002 | !308b |- !41c !8c |"All Aboard!" |February 24, 2002 | !308c |- !41d !8d |"Gilbert's House" |February 24, 2002 | !308d |- !41e !8e |"I Scream for Ice Cream!" |February 24, 2002 | !308e |- !42a !9a |"Super Caillou" |March 3, 2002 | !309a |- !42b !9b |"Trip on the Subway" |March 3, 2002 | !309b |- !42c !9c |"Caillou's Race" |March 3, 2002 | !309c |- !42d !9d |"As Good As New" |March 3, 2002 | !309d |- !42e !9e |"I, Robot" |March 3, 2002 | !309e |- !43a !10a |"Caillou's Water Park" |March 10, 2002 | !310a |- !43b !10b |"Gone Fishing" |March 10, 2002 | !310b |- !43c !10c |"The Water Goes 'Round" |March 10, 2002 | !310c |- !43d !10d |"Caillou's Test Drive" |March 10, 2002 | !310d |- !43e !10e |"A Very Good Swimmer" |March 10, 2002 | !310e |- !44a !11a |"Caillou's Horn" |March 17, 2002 | !311a |- !44b !11b |"The Mighty Oak" |March 17, 2002 | !311b |- !44c !11c |"Get Well Mr. Hinkle" |March 17, 2002 | !311c |- !44d !11d |"The Big Boat!" |March 17, 2002 | !311d |- !45a !12a |"Something for Everyone" |March 24, 2002 | !312a |- !45b !12b |"Skating Lessons" |March 24, 2002 | !312b |- !45c !12c |"Caillou Becomes a Waiter" |March 24, 2002 | !312c |- !45d !12d |"Sticking to It!" |March 24, 2002 | !312d |- !45e !12e |"New Clothes" |March 24, 2002 | !312e |- !46a !13a |"Where I Live" |March 31, 2002 | !313a |- !46b !13b |"A Good Friend" |March 31, 2002 | !313b |- !46c !13c |"Just Like Me" |March 31, 2002 | !313c |- !46d !13d |"Just in Time" |March 31, 2002 | !313d |- !46e !13e |"Mr. Fixit" |March 31, 2002 | !313e |- |} === Season 4 (2006) === {| class="wikitable" !No. in series !No. in season !Title !Original air date<ref name="ket">{{cite web|url=https://www.ket.org/series/CAIU/all/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224024719/https://www.ket.org/series/CAIU/all/|title=Caillou << KET|publisher=[[Kentucky Educational Television]]|archive-date=December 24, 2014|access-date=October 24, 2023}}</ref> !Summary !ProdCode |- !47a !1a |"Where's Gilbert?" |April 1, 2006 | !401a |- !47b !1b |"Where I Saw It Last" |April 1, 2006 | !401b |- !47c !1c |"Lost in the Jungle" |April 1, 2006 | !401c |- !48a !2a |"Caillou and the Big Slide" |April 3, 2006 | !405a |- !48b !2b |"Caillou the Sailor" |April 3, 2006 | !405b |- !48c !2c |"Caillou and the Creepy Crawlies" |April 3, 2006 | !405c |- !49a !3a |"Caillou of the Antarctic" |April 4, 2006 | !409a |- !49b !3b |"Deep Sea Caillou" |April 4, 2006 | !409b |- !49c !3c |"Caillou in the Bayou" |April 4, 2006 | !409c |- !50a !4a |"Everyone's Best" |April 5, 2006 | !402a |- !50b !4b |"Stronger Every Day" |April 5, 2006 | !402b |- !50c !4c |"No More Training Wheels" |April 5, 2006 | !402c |- !51a !5a |"Caillou Plays the Drums" |April 6, 2006 | !407a |- !51b !5b |"Caillou's Marching Band" |April 6, 2006 | !407b |- !51c !5c |"Caillou Sings" |April 6, 2006 | !407c |- !52a !6a |"Caillou Helps Out" |April 7, 2006 | !404a |- !52b !6b |"Caillou the Firefighter" |April 7, 2006 | !404b |- !52c !6c |"Caillou to the Rescue" |April 7, 2006 | !404c |- !53a !7a |"Caillou the Road Builder" |April 26, 2006 | !403a |- !53b !7b |"Caillou's Building Adventure" |April 26, 2006 | !403b |- !53c !7c |"A House in the Sky" |April 26, 2006 | !403c |- !54a !8a |"Snowflakes" |May 17, 2006 | !406a |- !54b !8b |"Caillou Shoots! He Scores!" |May 17, 2006 | !406b |- !54c !8c |"Caillou Goes Tobogganing" |May 17, 2006 | !406c |- !55a !9a |"Show and Tell" |May 31, 2006 | !408a |- !55b !9b |"Caillou the Magician" |May 31, 2006 | !408b |- !55c !9c |"Caillou's Castle" |May 31, 2006 | !408c |- !56a !10a |"Magnet Madness" |June 14, 2006 | !410a |- !56b !10b |"Caillou the Dinosaur Hunter" |June 14, 2006 | !410b |- !56c !10c |"Caillou the Astronaut" |June 14, 2006 | !410c |- !57a !11a |"Caillou the Librarian" |June 21, 2006 | !411a |- !57b !11b |"Caillou the Bookworm" |June 21, 2006 | !411b |- !57c !11c |"Caillou the Storyteller" |June 21, 2006 | !411c |- !58a !12a |"A Present for Mommy" |June 28, 2006 | !412a |- !58b !12b |"Caillou the Chef" |June 28, 2006 | !412b |- !58c !12c |"Caillou the Painter" |June 28, 2006 | !412c |- !59a !13a |"Captain Caillou" |July 5, 2006 | !413a |- !59b !13b |"The Loudest Noise" |July 5, 2006 | !413b |- !59c !13c |"Caillou's First Wedding" |July 5, 2006 | !413c |- !60a !14a |"Caillou Goes Shopping" |July 12, 2006 | !414a |- !60b !14b |"Caillou Goes Apple Picking" |July 12, 2006 | !414b |- !60c !14c |"Caillou's Halloween Costume" |July 12, 2006 | !414c |- !61a !15a |"Shoo, Shoo Bird, Fly Away!" |July 19, 2006 | !415a |- !61b !15b |"Caillou's Road Trip" |July 19, 2006 | !415b |- !61c !15c |"Caillou and the Dragon" |July 19, 2006 | !415c |- !62a !16a |"Caillou's Surprise" |July 26, 2006 | !416a |- !62b !16b |"A Surprise for Miss Martin" |July 26, 2006 | !416b |- !62c !16c |"A Surprise Sleepover" |July 26, 2006 | !416c |- !63a !17a |"Caillou the Patient" |August 2, 2006 | !417a |- !63b !17b |"Caillou the Police Officer" |August 2, 2006 | !417b |- !63c !17c |"Grandpa's Friend" |August 2, 2006 | !417c |- !64a !18a |"Caillou Goes Caroling" |August 9, 2006 | !418a |- !64b !18b |"A Playschool Party" |August 9, 2006 | !418b |- !64c !18c |"Caillou's Christmas Eve" |August 9, 2006 | !418c |- !65a !19a |"Caillou's Valentines" |August 16, 2006 | !419a |- !65b !19b |"Hello Spring!" |August 16, 2006 | !419b |- !65c !19c |"Caillou's April Fool" |August 16, 2006 | !419c |- !66a !20a |"A Sweet and Sour Day" |August 23, 2006 | !420a |- !66b !20b |"Caillou's Puppet Show" |August 23, 2006 | !420b |- !66c !20c |"Caillou's Collection" |August 23, 2006 | !420c |- |} === Season 5 (2010–11) === {| class="wikitable" !No. in series !No. in season !Title !Original air date<ref name="treehouselogs">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/download/THTV-CRTC/Treehouse%20%28THTV%29%20CRTC%20Logs/|title=Treehouse TV broadcast logs|publisher=[[Internet Archive]]|work=[[Treehouse TV]]|date=September 5, 2022}}</ref> !Summary !ProdCode |- !67a !1a |"Caillou's Cricket" |September 11, 2010 | !501a |- !67b !1b |"Dog Dilemma" |September 11, 2010 | !501b |- !67c !1c |"The Spider Issue" |September 11, 2010 | !501c |- !68a !2a |"What's Ringette?" |September 11, 2010 | !503a |- !68b !2b |"Rainy Day at the Beach" |September 11, 2010 | !503b |- !68c !2c |"Caillou Climbs" |September 11, 2010 | !503c |- !69a !3a |"Big Kid Caillou" |September 12, 2010 | !505a |- !69b !3b |"Caillou's Glasses" |September 12, 2010 | !505b |- !69c !3c |"Caillou's Dance Party" |September 12, 2010 | !505c |- !70a !4a |"Caillou's Cross-Hop" |September 18, 2010 | !509a |- !70b !4b |"Glitter Glitch" |September 18, 2010 | !509b |- !70c !4c |"The Untidy Classroom" |September 18, 2010 | !509c |- !71a !5a |"No Tradebacks!" |September 18, 2010 | !510a |- !71b !5b |"Shoe Story" |September 18, 2010 | !510b |- !71c !5c |"Rollie Racers" |September 18, 2010 | !510c |- !72a !6a |"Caillou's Song" |September 19, 2010 | !511a |- !72b !6b |"Follow Me" |September 19, 2010 | !511b |- !72c !6c |"Where's Caillou?" |September 19, 2010 | !511c |- !73a !7a |"Olive Muddle" |September 25, 2010 | !512a |- !73b !7b |"Caillou's Clay Play" |September 25, 2010 | !512b |- !73c !7c |"The Lightning Ball Express" |September 25, 2010 | !512c |- !74a !8a |"Sarah's Kite" |September 25, 2010 | !513a |- !74b !8b |"Caillou's New Game" |September 25, 2010 | !513b |- !74c !8c |"Shiny Reminder" |September 25, 2010 | !513c |- !75a !9a |"Bunny Shmunny" |September 26, 2010 | !515a |- !75b !9b |"That's Mine!" |September 26, 2010 | !515b |- !75c !9c |"Raspberry Ruckus" |September 26, 2010 | !515c |- !76a !10a |"Where is Mars?" |October 2, 2010 | !516a |- !76b !10b |"Emma's Extra Snacks" |October 2, 2010 | !516b |- !76c !10c |"Lost and Found" |October 2, 2010 | !516c |- !77a !11a |"Copycat Clementine" |October 3, 2010 | !518a |- !77b !11b |"Caillou's Poster" |October 3, 2010 | !518b |- !77c !11c |"Playhouse Play Date" |October 3, 2010 | !518c |- !78a !12a |"Helping Mrs. Howard" |October 9, 2010 | !519a |- !78b !12b |"Caillou's Fun Run" |October 9, 2010 | !519b |- !78c !12c |"The New Girl" |October 9, 2010 | !519c |- !79a !13a |"Borrowed Book" |October 9, 2010 | !520a |- !79b !13b |"Fixing Mr. Bones" |October 9, 2010 | !520b |- !79c !13c |"Cailloodles" |October 9, 2010 | !520c |- !80a !14a |"Blueberry Point" |October 10, 2010 | !521a |- !80b !14b |"Class Pet" |October 10, 2010 | !521b |- !80c !14c |"In the Garden" |October 10, 2010 | !521c |- !81a !15a |"Caillou's Shadow" |October 11, 2010 | !506a |- !81b !15b |"High Flyers" |October 11, 2010 | !506b |- !81c !15c |"Caillou's Leaf Pile" |October 11, 2010 | !506c |- !82a !16a |"Caillou's Camel Ride" |October 16, 2010 | !522a |- !82b !16b |"It's Not Too Big for Me!" |October 16, 2010 | !522b |- !82c !16c |"Caillou's Flying Saucer" |October 16, 2010 | !522c |- !83a !17a |"Daddy's Puzzles" |October 16, 2010 | !523a |- !83b !17b |"Play with Me" |October 16, 2010 | !523b |- !83c !17c |"Caillou's Bad Luck" |October 16, 2010 | !523c |- !84a !18a |"Kitty Conundrum" |October 17, 2010 | !524a |- !84b !18b |"Caillou's Favorite Sweater" |October 17, 2010 | !524b |- !84c !18c |"Caillou's Big Dig" |October 17, 2010 | !524c |- !85a !19a |"Caillou Conducts" |October 23, 2010 | !525a |- !85b !19b |"Captain Caillou" |October 23, 2010 | !525b |- !85c !19c |"Caillou Roars" |October 23, 2010 | !525c |- !86a !20a |"Butterfly Surprise" |October 23, 2010 | !526a |- !86b !20b |"Soccer Trouble" |October 3, 2010 | !526b |- !86c !20c |"You're Not Miss Martin!" |October 3, 2010 | !526c |- !87a !21a |"Caillou Makes a Meal" |November 6, 2010 | !504a |- !87b !21b |"Caillou's New Groove" |November 6, 2010 | !504b |- !87c !21c |"Caillou Goes Bowling" |November 6, 2010 | !504c |- !88a !22a |"Caillou's Mini Marathon" |November 20, 2010 | !517a |- !88b !22b |"Smooth Sailing" |November 20, 2010 | !517b |- !88c !22c |"Am I Big Yet?" |November 20, 2010 | !517c |- !89a !23a |"Caillou Roller Skates" |February 6, 2011 | !502a |- !89b !23b |"Say Lettuce!" |February 6, 2011 | !502b |- !89c !23c |"Caillou Tries to Whistle" |February 6, 2011 | !502c |- !90a !24a |"Sharing the Rocketship" |February 19, 2011 | !507a |- !90b !24b |"Coach Grandpa" |February 19, 2011 | !507b |- !90c !24c |"The Safety Helper" |February 19, 2011 | !507c |- !91a !25a |"Rushing the Raspberry" |February 20, 2011 | !508a |- !91b !25b |"Wait to Skate" |February 20, 2011 | !508b |- !91c !25c |"Caillou's Hiccups" |February 20, 2011 | !508c |- !92a !26a |"Caillou Can Compost" |April 17, 2011 | !514a |- !92b !26b |"Caillou's Tree" |April 17, 2011 | !514b |- !92c !26c |"Caillou Saves Water" |April 17, 2011 | !514c |} ==Specials (2003)== {| class="wikitable" !Title !Summary !Release date |- | ''[[Caillou's Holiday Movie]]'' | Caillou explores Christmas traditions from around the world, after his daddy gives him a Christmas calendar that features a different country’s tradition behind each window. | October 7, 2003 |- |} ==Notes== {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} == See also == * [[List of Caillou episodes (PBS)]] == References == <!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. --> {{reflist}} [[Category:Caillou]] [[Category:Lists of animated television series episodes|Caillou]] esph5aw6xo0plfzsinggwvjd9gjbawt 0 1016100 10368789 10323739 2025-07-03T02:47:44Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368789 wikitext text/x-wiki {{no sources|date=April 2024}} {{Improve categories||date=July 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Leonard B. Stern | birth_date = December 23, 1922 | birth_place = New York City, New York, U.S.A | death_date = June 7, 2011 | known_for = A writer and producer | spouse = Julie Adams (married 1951-1953) Gloria Stroock (marriage) }} '''Leonard B. Stern''' was an author who died in 2011. He was the co-creator of the word game [[Mad Libs]]. == Other websites == * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0827767/bio/?ref_=nm_ov_bio_sm Leonard B. Stern] at [[Internet Movie Database|IMDb]] {{bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Stern, Leonard B.}} [[Category:2011 deaths]] c4u3rwlgnst6z2yjcvy8nchb93ubsp0 0 1019511 10368123 10061134 2025-07-02T19:23:43Z Davey2010 314522 ce 10368123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}} {{Infobox automobile | name = Plaxton President | image = ANW4000.JPG | caption = [[Arriva North West]] [[Dennis Trident 2]] with Plaxton President bodywork in 2010 | manufacturer = [[Plaxton]]/[[Alexander Dennis|TransBus]]/[[Alexander Dennis]] | production = 1998–2005 | assembly = [[Wigan]], England | predecessor = [[Northern Counties Palatine]] | capacity = | operator = Various around the UK | length = {{convert|9.9–11.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|2.55|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | height = {{convert|4.2–4.4|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | floortype = [[Low-floor bus|Low floor]] | doors = 1 or 2 | weight = | chassis = [[Dennis Trident 2]]<br />[[Volvo B7TL]]<br />[[VDL DB250]] | engine = [[Cummins C Series engine|Cummins C Series/ISCe]] (Dennis Trident 2)<br />Volvo D7C (Volvo B7TL)<br />DAF (VDL DB250) | powerout = | transmission = Voith DIWA/ZF Ecomat }} The '''Plaxton President''' is a [[double-decker bus|double-decker]] [[coachwork|body]] of a [[bus]]. It has a [[low-floor bus|low-floor]], It was built from 1998 to 2005 by [[Plaxton]].{{Efn|It was built by Plaxton and then TransBus International and then Alexander Dennis}} The President body was built on the [[Dennis Trident 2]] [[chassis]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Walter |first1=Richard |title=The Bus and Coach Today |date=2022 |publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-3981-0463-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aXCJEAAAQBAJ&dq=Dennis+Trident+2+Plaxton+President&pg=PT57 |accessdate=8 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref> [[Volvo B7TL]] chassis,<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n1wuEAAAQBAJ&dq=Volvo+B7TL+Plaxton+President&pg=PT46|title=London's Low-floor Buses|last1=Beddall|first1=David|date=2020|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-3981-0120-3|language=en|access-date=8 June 2023}}</ref> and the [[DAF DB250]] chassis.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Beddall |first1=David |title=London's Plaxton President Buses |date=2022 |publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-3981-0621-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AqNfEAAAQBAJ&dq=lf52+uru&pg=PT73 |accessdate=8 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref> ==Gallery== <gallery widths="190" heights="130"> File:Brookes Bus, KX53 VNE, Oxford 2006-09-19.jpg|[[Brookes Bus]] [[Dennis Trident 2]] with Plaxton President bodywork File:GO NORTH EAST - Flickr - secret coach park (11).jpg|[[Volvo B7TL]] [[Go North East]] [[Dennis Trident 2|Volvo B7TL]] with Plaxton President bodywork File:Brighton and Hove Buses double decker bus route 5.jpg|[[Brighton & Hove (bus company)|Brighton & Hove]] [[DAF DB250LF]] with Plaxton President bodywork File:GO AHEAD London General - Flickr - secret coach park (1).jpg|[[Go-Ahead London]] [[DAF DB250LF]] with Plaxton President bodywork with double doors (doors in the middle) File:First 33173 (12861892233).jpg|[[First Devon & Cornwall]] [[Dennis Trident 2]] with Plaxton President bodywork rear File:Uno TP272 PN03 ULZ (29833671212).jpg|[[Uno (bus company)|Uno]] [[Dennis Trident 2]] with Plaxton President bodywork rear </gallery> == Notes == {{Notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{commons category-inline|Plaxton President}} {{Alexander Dennis}} {{Plaxton}} [[Category:Low-floor buses]] [[Category:Alexander Dennis buses|President]] [[Category:Plaxton buses|President]] {{transport-stub}} t7kjf62c11t6y5v85wcgck76skls2yb 2 1020093 10367921 10367139 2025-07-02T16:55:57Z Werner100359 106408 /* Final table */ 10367921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football league season | competition = [[Austrian Bundesliga|Bundesliga (1. Division)]] | season = 1979-80 | dates = 17 August 1979 - 7 June 1980 | winners = [[FK Austria Wien]] | relegated = [[First Vienna FC]] |promoted = [[SC Eisenstadt]] | matches = | total goals = 493 (2,74 per match) | league topscorer = [[Walter Schachner]] FK Austria Wien (34 goals) | prevseason = [[1978-79 Austrian football championship|1978-79]] | nextseason = [[1980-81 Austrian football championship|1980-81]] }} The '''1979-80 Austrian football championship''' was organized by the [[Austrian Football Association]]. The single-tiered Second Division served as the foundation for the First Division. The third tier consisted of the Regionalliga Ost (Vienna, Lower Austria, Burgenland), the Alpenliga (Salzburg, Tyrol), and the regional leagues of Vorarlberg, Carinthia, Upper Austria, and Styria. ==Final table== {| class="wikitable" |- !Pl. ! Name !M ! W ! D ! L ! P |- |1. |'''FK Austria Wien''' |36 | 20 |10 |6 | 50 |- |2. |'''VOEST Linz''' |36 | 17 |9 | 10 | 43 <ref>+22 </ref> |- |3. |'''LASK''' |36 | 13 |17 | 6 |43<ref>+17 </ref> |- |4. |'''Grazer AK''' |36 | 15 |12 | 9 | 42 |- |5. |'''SK Rapid Wien''' |36 | 11 |13 |12 |35 |- |6. |'''SV Austria Salzburg''' |36 | 12 |8 | 16 | 32 |- |7. |''' Admira/Wacker''' |36 | 9 |13 | 14 | 31 |- |8. |'''Wiener Sport-Club''' |36 | 9 |11 | 16 | 29<ref>-7 </ref> |- |9. | '''SK Sturm Graz''' |36 | 8 |13 | 15 | 29<ref>-19</ref> |- |10. |'''First Vienna FC''' |36 |10 |6 | 20 | 26 |} <ref>[http://www.austriasoccer.at/data/nat/1970_79/o1__1_division__1979_80.htm Austria Soccer] </ref> 3mu9hmnuwht8kss6gy3whvc1pw91biz 10368834 10367921 2025-07-03T03:17:55Z Werner100359 106408 /* Final table */ 10368834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football league season | competition = [[Austrian Bundesliga|Bundesliga (1. Division)]] | season = 1979-80 | dates = 17 August 1979 - 7 June 1980 | winners = [[FK Austria Wien]] | relegated = [[First Vienna FC]] |promoted = [[SC Eisenstadt]] | matches = | total goals = 493 (2,74 per match) | league topscorer = [[Walter Schachner]] FK Austria Wien (34 goals) | prevseason = [[1978-79 Austrian football championship|1978-79]] | nextseason = [[1980-81 Austrian football championship|1980-81]] }} The '''1979-80 Austrian football championship''' was organized by the [[Austrian Football Association]]. The single-tiered Second Division served as the foundation for the First Division. The third tier consisted of the Regionalliga Ost (Vienna, Lower Austria, Burgenland), the Alpenliga (Salzburg, Tyrol), and the regional leagues of Vorarlberg, Carinthia, Upper Austria, and Styria. ==Final table== {| class="wikitable" |- !Pl. ! Name !M ! W ! D ! L ! P |- |1. |'''FK Austria Wien''' |36 | 20 |10 |6 | 50 |- |2. |'''VOEST Linz''' |36 | 17 |9 | 10 | 43 <ref>+22 </ref> |- |3. |'''LASK''' |36 | 13 |17 | 6 |43<ref>+17 </ref> |- |4. |'''Grazer AK''' |36 | 15 |12 | 9 | 42 |- |5. |'''SK Rapid Wien''' |36 | 11 |13 |12 |35 |- |6. |'''SV Austria Salzburg''' |36 | 12 |8 | 16 | 32 |- |7. |''' Admira/Wacker''' |36 | 9 |13 | 14 | 31 |- |8. |'''Wiener Sport-Club''' |36 | 9 |11 | 16 | 29<ref>-7 </ref> |- |9. | '''SK Sturm Graz''' |36 | 8 |13 | 15 | 29<ref>-19</ref> |- |10. |'''First Vienna FC''' |36 |10 |6 | 20 | 26 |} <ref>[http://www.austriasoccer.at/data/nat/1970_79/o1__1_division__1979_80.htm Austria Soccer] </ref> ==Matches == <ref>[http://www.austriasoccer.at/data/nat/1970_79/o1__1_division__1979_80.htm Austria Soccer] </ref> ===Round 1=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Date ! Team 1 !Team2 ! |- | 17 August 1979 | '''LASK''' |VOEST Linz |3-1 |- | 17 August 1979 | SK Rapid Wien |First Vienna FC | 0-0 |- | 17 August 1979 | SK Sturm Graz |'''SV Austria Salzburg''' |0-2 |- | 18 August 1979 | Wiener Sport-Club | FK Austria Wien |2-2 |- | 19 August 1979 | Admira Wacker |Grazer AK |1-1 |} pd29798cv6a8vi4v1r8tpwc95r5i2f7 10368848 10368834 2025-07-03T03:23:02Z Werner100359 106408 /* Round 1 */ 10368848 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football league season | competition = [[Austrian Bundesliga|Bundesliga (1. Division)]] | season = 1979-80 | dates = 17 August 1979 - 7 June 1980 | winners = [[FK Austria Wien]] | relegated = [[First Vienna FC]] |promoted = [[SC Eisenstadt]] | matches = | total goals = 493 (2,74 per match) | league topscorer = [[Walter Schachner]] FK Austria Wien (34 goals) | prevseason = [[1978-79 Austrian football championship|1978-79]] | nextseason = [[1980-81 Austrian football championship|1980-81]] }} The '''1979-80 Austrian football championship''' was organized by the [[Austrian Football Association]]. The single-tiered Second Division served as the foundation for the First Division. The third tier consisted of the Regionalliga Ost (Vienna, Lower Austria, Burgenland), the Alpenliga (Salzburg, Tyrol), and the regional leagues of Vorarlberg, Carinthia, Upper Austria, and Styria. ==Final table== {| class="wikitable" |- !Pl. ! Name !M ! W ! D ! L ! P |- |1. |'''FK Austria Wien''' |36 | 20 |10 |6 | 50 |- |2. |'''VOEST Linz''' |36 | 17 |9 | 10 | 43 <ref>+22 </ref> |- |3. |'''LASK''' |36 | 13 |17 | 6 |43<ref>+17 </ref> |- |4. |'''Grazer AK''' |36 | 15 |12 | 9 | 42 |- |5. |'''SK Rapid Wien''' |36 | 11 |13 |12 |35 |- |6. |'''SV Austria Salzburg''' |36 | 12 |8 | 16 | 32 |- |7. |''' Admira/Wacker''' |36 | 9 |13 | 14 | 31 |- |8. |'''Wiener Sport-Club''' |36 | 9 |11 | 16 | 29<ref>-7 </ref> |- |9. | '''SK Sturm Graz''' |36 | 8 |13 | 15 | 29<ref>-19</ref> |- |10. |'''First Vienna FC''' |36 |10 |6 | 20 | 26 |} <ref>[http://www.austriasoccer.at/data/nat/1970_79/o1__1_division__1979_80.htm Austria Soccer] </ref> ==Matches == <ref>[http://www.austriasoccer.at/data/nat/1970_79/o1__1_division__1979_80.htm Austria Soccer] </ref> ===Round 1=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Date ! Team 1 !Team2 ! |- | 17 August 1979 | '''LASK''' |VOEST Linz |3-1 |- | 17 August 1979 | SK Rapid Wien |First Vienna FC | 0-0 |- | 17 August 1979 | SK Sturm Graz |'''SV Austria Salzburg''' |0-2 |- | 18 August 1979 | Wiener Sport-Club | FK Austria Wien |2-2 |- | 19 August 1979 | Admira Wacker |Grazer AK |1-1 |} ===Round 2=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Date ! Team 1 !Team2 ! |- | 24 August 1979 |Admira Wacker |SK Rapid Wien |2-2 |- | 24 August 1979 | '''Grazer AK''' |SV Austria Salzburg | 1-0 |- | 24 August 1979 |''' VOEST Linz''' | Wiener Sport-Club |4-1 |- | 25 August 1979 | '''FK Austria Wien''' |SK Sturm Graz |6-1 |- | 25 August 1979 | '''First Vienna FC''' |LASK |1-0 |} 4j8hy1fjan7nzu2x1vhaaosegos6t6d 10368849 10368848 2025-07-03T03:23:21Z Werner100359 106408 /* Round 2 */ 10368849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football league season | competition = [[Austrian Bundesliga|Bundesliga (1. Division)]] | season = 1979-80 | dates = 17 August 1979 - 7 June 1980 | winners = [[FK Austria Wien]] | relegated = [[First Vienna FC]] |promoted = [[SC Eisenstadt]] | matches = | total goals = 493 (2,74 per match) | league topscorer = [[Walter Schachner]] FK Austria Wien (34 goals) | prevseason = [[1978-79 Austrian football championship|1978-79]] | nextseason = [[1980-81 Austrian football championship|1980-81]] }} The '''1979-80 Austrian football championship''' was organized by the [[Austrian Football Association]]. The single-tiered Second Division served as the foundation for the First Division. The third tier consisted of the Regionalliga Ost (Vienna, Lower Austria, Burgenland), the Alpenliga (Salzburg, Tyrol), and the regional leagues of Vorarlberg, Carinthia, Upper Austria, and Styria. ==Final table== {| class="wikitable" |- !Pl. ! Name !M ! W ! D ! L ! P |- |1. |'''FK Austria Wien''' |36 | 20 |10 |6 | 50 |- |2. |'''VOEST Linz''' |36 | 17 |9 | 10 | 43 <ref>+22 </ref> |- |3. |'''LASK''' |36 | 13 |17 | 6 |43<ref>+17 </ref> |- |4. |'''Grazer AK''' |36 | 15 |12 | 9 | 42 |- |5. |'''SK Rapid Wien''' |36 | 11 |13 |12 |35 |- |6. |'''SV Austria Salzburg''' |36 | 12 |8 | 16 | 32 |- |7. |''' Admira/Wacker''' |36 | 9 |13 | 14 | 31 |- |8. |'''Wiener Sport-Club''' |36 | 9 |11 | 16 | 29<ref>-7 </ref> |- |9. | '''SK Sturm Graz''' |36 | 8 |13 | 15 | 29<ref>-19</ref> |- |10. |'''First Vienna FC''' |36 |10 |6 | 20 | 26 |} <ref>[http://www.austriasoccer.at/data/nat/1970_79/o1__1_division__1979_80.htm Austria Soccer] </ref> ==Matches == <ref>[http://www.austriasoccer.at/data/nat/1970_79/o1__1_division__1979_80.htm Austria Soccer] </ref> ===Round 1=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Date ! Team 1 !Team2 ! |- | 17 August 1979 | '''LASK''' |VOEST Linz |3-1 |- | 17 August 1979 | SK Rapid Wien |First Vienna FC | 0-0 |- | 17 August 1979 | SK Sturm Graz |'''SV Austria Salzburg''' |0-2 |- | 18 August 1979 | Wiener Sport-Club | FK Austria Wien |2-2 |- | 19 August 1979 | Admira Wacker |Grazer AK |1-1 |} ===Round 2=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Date ! Team 1 !Team2 ! |- | 24 August 1979 |Admira Wacker |SK Rapid Wien |2-2 |- | 24 August 1979 | '''Grazer AK''' |SV Austria Salzburg | 1-0 |- | 24 August 1979 |''' VOEST Linz''' | Wiener Sport-Club |4-1 |- | 25 August 1979 | '''FK Austria Wien''' |SK Sturm Graz |6-1 |- | 25 August 1979 | '''First Vienna FC''' |LASK |1-0 |} ==References == hku18vloxpyptvfp9m87v6es6k7hjm0 0 1023497 10368976 8954161 2025-07-03T05:04:41Z Auntof6 22027 use standard stub template 10368976 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''European Hot 100 Singles''', sometimes called the '''Eurochart Hot 100''', is a [[Billboard chart]] that made a list of the songs people liked the most in [[Europe]] every week. It was first made in March 1984 and stopped being made in December 2010. It stopped being made because [[Billboard UK]] shut down and got rid of all of its [[employees]]. [[Category:Billboard charts]] {{music-stub}} qog2xrsflyl84u0cywebm7e7k1em9g0 0 1023514 10368977 10110877 2025-07-03T05:04:57Z Auntof6 22027 use standard stub template 10368977 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Dutch Single Top 100''', also called the '''Single Top 100''', is a [[music chart]] from [[the Netherlands]] that lists [[Single (music)|singles]] that people like. It is one of three [[official]] Dutch charts. The others are the [[Dutch Top 40]] and the [[Mega Top 30]]. The Single Top 100 is often talked about on Dutch [[TV shows]]. {{music-stub}} [[Category:Record charts]] 1p2h9jefwrv8b1syyy6dny0bni7fz37 0 1024988 10368763 10323670 2025-07-03T02:35:22Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368763 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Jeff Hordley | image = Jeff Hordley 2018.JPG | caption = Jeff Hordley 2018 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1970|03|07|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Lancashire|Crumpsall, Lancashire]], England<ref name="MEN040203">{{Cite news|last=Donohue|first=Simon|url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/entertainment/film_and_tv/s/50/50875_cain_ready_and_able_for_wedded_bliss.html|title=Cain ready and able for wedded bliss|work=[[Manchester Evening News]]|date=4 February 2003}}</ref> | occupation = Actor | years_active = 1996–present | known_for = ''[[Emmerdale]]'' | spouse = {{marriage|[[Zoë Henry]]|2003}} | children = 2 }} '''Jeff Hordley''' (born 7 March 1970)<ref name="Five">{{cite news |title=Five Fast Facts About British Soap Star Jeff Hordley |url=https://soaphub.com/british-soap-operas/five-fast-facts-about-british-soap-star-jeff-hordley/ |access-date=30 July 2021 |work=SoapHub |date=16 December 2019}}</ref> is an English actor, best known for portraying the role of [[Cain Dingle]] in the [[ITV (TV channel)|ITV]] soap opera ''[[Emmerdale]]'' (2000–2006, 2009–present). For his portrayal of Cain, he has been nominated for the [[British Soap Award for Best Actor]] at three ceremonies. == Personal life == In 1996, Hordley was diagnosed with [[Crohn's disease]].<ref name= mirror>{{cite news |title= Emmerdale bad boy Cain Dingle talks about his debilitating Crohn's Disease |first= Fiona |last= Duffy |date= 11 February 2015 |work= The Daily Mirror |url= https://www.mirror.co.uk/lifestyle/health/emmerdale-bad-boy-cain-dingle-5147441 }}</ref> He has experienced symptoms since the age of 20 and has been hospitalised three times from his condition.<ref name= mirror/> Hordley married Emmerdale co-star [[Zoë Henry]] in 2003; they have two children. ==Career== In addition to his work on ''Emmerdale'', he has also made appearances in various other television series including ''[[Coronation Street]]'', ''[[Heartbeat]]'', ''[[Always and Everyone]]'', ''[[City Central]]'' and ''[[Children's Ward]]''. ==Awards and nominations== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Year ! Award ! Category ! Result ! scope=col class=unsortable | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- | 2010 | [[British Soap Awards]] | Sexiest Male | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref name="BSAs2010">{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/soaps/news/a217728/british-soap-awards-2010-the-winners.html|title=British Soap Awards 2010: The Winners|last=Green|first=Kris|author2=Kilkelly, Daniel|date=9 May 2010|work=[[Digital Spy]]|publisher=[[Hachette Filipacchi UK]]|access-date=19 March 2012}}</ref> |- | 2010 | British Soap Awards | [[British Soap Award for Villain of the Year|Villain of the Year]] | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref name="BSAs2010"/> |- | 2011 | [[16th National Television Awards]] | Serial Drama Performance | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/news/a277960/national-television-awards-2011-nominees.html|title=National Television Awards 2011 - Nominees|last=Wightman|first=Catriona|date=21 September 2010 |website=[[Digital Spy]] |access-date=21 September 2010}}</ref> |- | 2011 | British Soap Awards | Sexiest Male | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref name="BSAs2011">{{cite web|last=Kilkelly|first=Daniel|title=British Soap Awards 2011 voting opens|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/soaps/scoop/a307476/british-soap-awards-2011-voting-opens.html|work=[[Digital Spy]]|access-date=9 February 2012|date=7 March 2011}}</ref> |- | 2011 | British Soap Awards | Villain of the Year | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref name="BSAs2011"/> |- | 2011 | British Soap Awards | [[Best On-Screen Partnership]] (shared with [[Emma Atkins]]) | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|last=Kilkelly|first=Daniel|title=British Soap Awards 2011: The Winners|url=https://www.digitalspy.com/soaps/a319276/british-soap-awards-2011-the-winners.html|work=[[Digital Spy]]|date=14 May 2011}}</ref> |- | 2012 | [[17th National Television Awards]] | Serial Drama Performance | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|last=Wrightman|first=Catriona|title=National Television Awards 2012: The nominees|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/news/a342357/national-television-awards-2012-the-nominees.html|work=[[Digital Spy]]|access-date=9 February 2012|date=27 September 2011}}</ref> |- | 2012 | British Soap Awards | Sexiest Male | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref name="BSAs2012">{{cite web|last=Kilkelly|first=Daniel|title=British Soap Awards 2012 voting opens, nominations revealed|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/soaps/scoop/a368040/british-soap-awards-2012-voting-opens-nominations-revealed.html|work=[[Digital Spy]]|accessdate=20 July 2012|date=27 February 2012}}</ref> |- | 2012 | British Soap Awards | Villain of the Year | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref name="BSAs2012"/> |- | 2012 | British Soap Awards | [[British Soap Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref name="BSAs2012"/> |- | 2012 | British Soap Awards | Best On-Screen Partnership (shared with Atkins) | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref name="BSAwinners">{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/soaps/news/a378918/british-soap-awards-2012-the-winners.html|title=British Soap Awards 2012 – the winners|last=Kilkelly|first=Daniel|date=29 April 2012|work=[[Digital Spy]]|access-date=29 April 2012}}</ref> |- | 2012 | British Soap Awards | [[Best Dramatic Performance]] | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref name="BSAwinners"/> |- | 2012 | [[Inside Soap Awards|''Inside Soap'' Awards]] | Best Bad Boy | {{shortlisted}} | align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|last=Kilkelly|first=Daniel|title='Coronation Street' leads ''Inside Soap'' Awards 2012 shortlist|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/soaps/s3/coronation-street/news/a406244/coronation-street-leads-inside-soap-awards-2012-shortlist.html|work=[[Digital Spy]]|access-date=4 January 2013|date=17 September 2012}}</ref> |- | 2013 | [[All About Soap|''All About Soap'' Awards]] | Forbidden Lovers (shared with [[Natalie J. Robb]]) | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref>{{cite news|title='Hollyoaks' leads 2013 All About Soap Award winners|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/soaps/s13/hollyoaks/news/a468013/hollyoaks-leads-2013-all-about-soap-award-winners.html|work=Digital Spy|date=24 March 2013|access-date=19 May 2013}}</ref> |- | 2013 | British Soap Awards | Sexiest Male | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/soaps/scoop/a464745/british-soap-awards-2013-voting-opens-nominations-revealed.html|title=British Soap Awards 2013 voting opens, nominations revealed|publisher=[[Digital Spy]]|last=Kilkelly|first=Daniel|date=11 March 2013|access-date=11 March 2013|archive-date=1 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101015643/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/soaps/scoop/a464745/british-soap-awards-2013-voting-opens-nominations-revealed.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2013 | British Soap Awards | Best Actor | {{shortlisted}} | align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|last=Kilkelly|first=Daniel|url=https://www.digitalspy.com/soaps/a482584/british-soap-awards-2013-winners-in-full/|title=British Soap Awards 2013 – winners in full|work=[[Digital Spy]]|publisher=[[Hearst Magazines UK]]|date=18 May 2013|accessdate=3 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103012112/https://www.digitalspy.com/soaps/a482584/british-soap-awards-2013-winners-in-full/|archivedate=3 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2013 | [[TV Choice Awards|''TV Choice'' Awards]] | Best Soap Actor | {{shortlisted}} | align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/soaps/eastenders/a494833/eastenders-leads-tvchoice-awards-2013-soaps-shortlist/|title='Enders leads TVChoice soaps shortlist|first=Sam|last=Rigby|date=1 July 2013|website=Digital Spy|accessdate=13 March 2021|archive-date=10 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210220213/https://www.digitalspy.com/soaps/eastenders/a494833/eastenders-leads-tvchoice-awards-2013-soaps-shortlist/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2013 | ''Inside Soap'' Awards | Best Bad Boy | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|last=Dainty|first=Sophie|title=''Inside Soap'' Awards 2013 - longlist nominees in full|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/soaps/s2/eastenders/scoop/a500154/inside-soap-awards-2013-longlist-nominees-in-full.html |website=[[Digital Spy]] |access-date=2 August 2013|date=22 July 2013}}</ref> |- | 2013 | ''Inside Soap'' Awards | Best Actor | {{shortlisted}} | align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/soaps/s3/coronation-street/news/a525238/inside-soap-awards-2013-winners-list-in-full.html|title=''Inside Soap'' Awards 2013 - winners list in full|last=Kilkelly|first=Daniel|date=21 October 2013 |website=[[Digital Spy]] |access-date=22 October 2013}}</ref> |- | 2014 | [[19th National Television Awards]] | Serial Drama Performance | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/soaps/s3/coronation-street/scoop/a515908/corrie-eastenders-emmerdale-hollyoaks-stars-up-for-ntas-full-list.html|title=Corrie, EastEnders, Emmerdale, Hollyoaks stars up for NTAs - full list|last=Kilkelly|first=Daniel|date=17 September 2013 |website=[[Digital Spy]] |access-date=20 September 2013}}</ref> |- | 2014 | British Soap Awards | Best Actor | {{shortlisted}} | align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|last1=Kilkelly|first1=Daniel|last2=Dainty|first2=Sophie|url=https://www.digitalspy.com/soaps/a573225/british-soap-awards-2014-winners-in-full/|title=British Soap Awards 2014 – winners in full|work=[[Digital Spy]]|publisher=[[Hearst Magazines UK]]|date=25 May 2014|accessdate=3 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103013721/https://www.digitalspy.com/soaps/a573225/british-soap-awards-2014-winners-in-full/|archivedate=3 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2014 | ''Inside Soap'' Awards | Best Bad Boy | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref name="ISAs2014">{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/soaps/s2/eastenders/news/a587117/inside-soap-awards-2014-longlist-revealed.html|title=''Inside Soap'' Awards 2014 longlist revealed|last=Dainty|first=Sophie|date=29 July 2014 |website=[[Digital Spy]] |access-date=29 July 2014}}</ref> |- | 2014 | ''Inside Soap'' Awards | Sexiest Male | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref name="ISAs2014"/> |- | 2014 | ''Inside Soap'' Awards | Best Actor | {{shortlisted}} | align="center" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/soaps/a600374/inside-soap-awards-2014-see-the-full-winners-list.html|title=''Inside Soap'' Awards 2014: See the full winners list|last=Kilkelly|first=Daniel|date=1 October 2014 |website=[[Digital Spy]] |access-date=1 October 2014}}</ref> |- | 2015 | [[20th National Television Awards]] | Serial Drama Performance | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/soaps/s3/coronation-street/news/a603255/national-television-awards-2015-which-soap-stars-made-the-longlist.html |title=National Television Awards 2015 - Which soap stars made the long list? |last=Kilkelly |first=Daniel |date=14 October 2014 |website=[[Digital Spy]] |access-date=10 January 2015}}</ref> |- | 2015 | ''Inside Soap'' Awards | Best Actor | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/soaps/s3/coronation-street/news/a658118/inside-soap-awards-2015-longlist-revealed-whos-in-line-for-best-actor-actress-and-newcomer.html|title=''Inside Soap'' Awards 2015 longlist revealed: Who's in line for Best Actor, Actress and Newcomer?|last=Dainty|first=Sophie|date=14 July 2015 |website=[[Digital Spy]] |access-date=14 July 2015}}</ref> |- | 2016 | ''Inside Soap'' Awards | Sexiest Male | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/soaps/eastenders/news/a798505/inside-soap-awards-2016-longlist/|title=''Inside Soap'' Awards 2016 longlist revealed|last=Sandwell|first=Ian|date=21 June 2016|work=[[Digital Spy]]|access-date=23 June 2016}}</ref> |- | 2016 | ''Inside Soap'' Awards | Best Bad Boy | {{shortlisted}} | align="center" | <ref>{{cite news|url=http://metro.co.uk/2016/09/26/coronation-street-and-emmerdale-lead-the-way-as-the-inside-soap-awards-shortlist-is-revealed-6148211/|title=Coronation Street, EastEnders, Emmerdale: ''Inside Soap'' Awards shortlist is revealed|last=Lindsay|first=Duncan|date=26 September 2016|work=[[Metro (British newspaper)|Metro]]|access-date=4 October 2016}}</ref> |- | 2018 | [[23rd National Television Awards]] | Serial Drama Performance | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/tv/doctor-foster/news/a840215/national-tv-awards-longlist-release-date-vote-here/|title=Here are all the nominees for the National TV Awards 2018|last=McCreesh|first=Louise|date=10 October 2017|work=[[Digital Spy]]|access-date=10 October 2017}}</ref> |- | 2018 | British Soap Awards | Best Actor | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|last=Kilkelly|first=Daniel|url=https://www.digitalspy.com/soaps/coronation-street/a854371/british-soap-awards-2018-longlist-nominations/|title=British Soap Awards 2018 nominations revealed: Which Coronation Street, EastEnders, Emmerdale, Hollyoaks and Doctors stars are up?|work=[[Digital Spy]]|publisher=[[Hearst Magazines UK]]|date=10 April 2018|accessdate=21 April 2019}}</ref> |- | 2018 | ''Inside Soap'' Awards | Best Actor | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref>{{cite news|last1=Davies|first1=Megan|title=''Inside Soap'' Awards 2018 full longlist revealed: Which Corrie, EastEnders, Emmerdale and Hollyoaks stars are up?|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/soaps/coronation-street/news/a862268/inside-soap-awards-2018-full-longlist-coronation-street-eastenders-emmerdale-hollyoaks/|access-date=21 November 2018|work=[[Digital Spy]]|date=24 July 2018}}</ref> |- | 2019 | [[24th National Television Awards]] | Serial Drama Performance | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref>{{cite news |last1=Harp |first1=Justin |title=Here are all the nominees for the National TV Awards 2019, including Strictly, Doctor Who and Ant & Dec |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/national-television-awards/a868526/national-tv-awards-2019-longlist-nominations/ |access-date=9 January 2019 |work=[[Digital Spy]] |date=16 October 2018}}</ref> |- | 2019 | British Soap Awards | Best Actor | {{shortlisted}} | align="center" | <ref name="BSAs2019"/> |- | 2019 | ''TV Choice'' Awards | Best Soap Actor | {{shortlisted}} | align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://awards.tvchoicemagazine.co.uk/2019-winners|title=2019 Winners|work=[[TV Choice]]|access-date=10 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910123227/https://awards.tvchoicemagazine.co.uk/2019-winners|archive-date=10 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2019 | ''Inside Soap'' Awards | Best Actor | {{shortlisted}} | align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|last=Harp|first=Justin|url=https://www.digitalspy.com/soaps/emmerdale/a29311351/inside-soap-awards-2019-full-nominations-shortlist/|title=''Inside Soap'' Awards 2019 full shortlist revealed – which stars are up for prizes?|work=[[Digital Spy]]|publisher=[[Hearst Magazines UK]]|date=30 September 2019|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=16 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116060328/https://www.digitalspy.com/soaps/emmerdale/a29311351/inside-soap-awards-2019-full-nominations-shortlist/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2019 | [[Digital Spy|Digital Spy Reader Awards]] | Best Soap Actor (Male) | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|last=Robinson|first=Abby|url=https://www.digitalspy.com/soaps/a29794570/best-soap-2019/|title=The Digital Spy Reader Awards 2019: Vote now for your Soap favourites of the year!|work=[[Digital Spy]]|date=19 November 2019|access-date=16 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127164839/https://www.digitalspy.com/soaps/a29794570/best-soap-2019/|archive-date=27 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2020 | [[25th National Television Awards]] | Serial Drama Performance | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|last=Harp|first=Justin|url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/a29465042/national-television-awards-2020-longlist-revealed/|title=Love Island, Emmerdale, Killing Eve, Drag Race UK and more land National Television Awards longlist nominations|work=[[Digital Spy]]|date=15 October 2019|access-date=28 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028233932/https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/a29465042/national-television-awards-2020-longlist-revealed/|archive-date=28 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2020 | [[Radio Times|''RadioTimes''.com Soap Awards]] | Best Actor | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/news/soaps/2020-06-08/radio-times-soap-awards-results/amp/|title=RadioTimes.com Soap Awards 2020 – Full list of winners|work=[[Radio Times]]|access-date=17 September 2020|archive-date=2020-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612191425/https://www.radiotimes.com/news/soaps/2020-06-08/radio-times-soap-awards-results/amp/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | 2020 | ''Inside Soap'' Awards | Best Actor | {{shortlisted}} | align="center" | <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.insidesoap.co.uk/soaps/meet-your-final-fours-for-the-inside-soap-awards/ | title=Meet your final fours for the Inside Soap Awards | date=16 November 2020 }}</ref> |- | 2022 | [[27th National Television Awards]] | Serial Drama Performance | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref>{{cite news |last1=Morris |first1=Lauren |title=NTA 2022 longlist revealed as David Tennant and Sex Education nominated |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/entertainment/ntas-2022-longlist/ |access-date=23 May 2022 |work=[[Radio Times]] |date=24 May 2022 |archive-date=23 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523232648/https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/entertainment/ntas-2022-longlist/amp/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | 2022 | ''Inside Soap'' Awards | Best Actor | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref name="ISAs2022">{{cite news |last1=Harp |first1=Justin |title=Inside Soap Awards announces nominations and new category for 2022 event |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/soaps/coronation-street/a40642854/inside-soap-awards-2022-nominees-icon/ |access-date=19 July 2022 |work=[[Digital Spy]] |publisher=([[Hearst Communications]]) |date=18 July 2022}}</ref> |- | 2022 | ''Inside Soap'' Awards | Best Double Act (shared with Jonny McPherson) | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref name="ISAs2022"/> |- | 2023 | British Soap Awards | [[Best Leading Performer]] | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref>{{cite news |last1=Cormack |first1=Morgan |title=British Soap Awards 2023 longlist: EastEnders' Ravi vs Corrie's Stephen |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/soaps/british-soap-awards-2023-longlist-newsupdate/ |access-date=11 April 2023 |work=[[Radio Times]] |date=11 April 2023}}</ref> |} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{IMDb name|0394591}} {{authority control}} {{actor-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hordley, Jeff}} [[Category:1970 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:People with Crohn's disease]] [[Category:English television actors]] [[Category:Soap opera actors]] [[Category:People from Oldham]] 82q4mrq5n01fow0y97ghyydfweyip4g 0 1027679 10368082 9335321 2025-07-02T18:37:56Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C fix dates 10368082 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television |image= |runtime={{Plainlist| * 4&nbsp;minutes (individual shorts) * 24&nbsp;minutes (package series) }} |genre={{Plainlist| * [[Animation]] * [[Comedy]] * [[Action film|Action]] * [[Slapstick]] }} |creator={{Plainlist| * [[Robert Mittenthal]] * [[Will McRobb]] * [[Albie Hecht]] }} |starring={{Plainlist| * [[Jim Krenn]] * [[Cris Winter]] * [[Scott Paulsen]] * Collin M. McGee * Alyssa Grahm }} |narrated=Scott Paulsen |country=United States |language=English |location=[[Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsylvania]] |company={{Plainlist| * Chuckimation * [[Nickelodeon Animation Studios]] * Flying Mallet, Inc. }} |related={{Plainlist| * ''[[All That]]'' * ''[[KaBlam!]]'' }} |network=[[Nickelodeon]] |first_aired={{Start date|1995|10|14}} |last_aired={{End date|2002|02|10}} |num_seasons={{Plainlist| * 4 (on ''KaBlam!'') * 1 (as a package series) }} |num_episodes={{Plainlist| * 51 (on ''KaBlam!'') * 12 (as a package series) }} |list_episodes=List of Action League Now! episodes }} '''''Action League Now!''''' is a series of stop-motion animated shorts that aired as part of both ''[[All That]]'' and ''[[KaBlam!]]''. It aired on [[Nickelodeon]] from October 14, 1995 to February 10, 2002. ==Other websites== * {{IMDb title|0115231}} {{nickshows}} [[Category:American comedy television series]] [[Category:Nickelodeon television series]] [[Category:1995 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2002 American television series endings]] [[Category:Television spin-offs]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:1990s American animated television series]] [[Category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:Nicktoons]] {{tv-stub}} 7xzmhsqo45nz752dbaazckqykxydbfk 0 1030922 10368774 10323709 2025-07-03T02:39:13Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368774 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Ketoacidosis | synonyms = | image = Ketone-group-2D-skeletal.svg | width = | alt = | caption = [[Ketone bodies]] | pronounce = | specialty = [[Endocrinology]] | symptoms = nausea, vomiting, pain, weakness, unusual breath odor, rapid breathing | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = medications, alcoholic beverages, undiagnosed diabetes | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} '''Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)''' is caused by untreated high blood [[glucose]] ([[hyperglycemia]]). If does not get treated, it can develop into a life threatening sickness. In this state the body breaks down [[fat]] at a high rate.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Diabetic ketoacidosis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia|url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000320.htm|access-date=2023-07-19|website=medlineplus.gov|language=en}}{{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Diabetic ketoacidosis: Know the warning signs-Diabetic ketoacidosis - Symptoms & causes|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetic-ketoacidosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20371551|access-date=2023-07-19|website=Mayo Clinic|language=en}}</ref> [[File:GC-MS total ion chromatogram of a urine sample in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis.png|thumb|Total Ion [[Chromatography|Chromatogram]] of a [[urine]] sample in a [[patient]] with [[Diabetes|diabetic]] ketoacidosis. [[Urine]] organic acid analysis profile: The 3 prominent peaks on the left are from left to right: B-hydroxybutyrate, Acetoacetate (with TMS derivative 1), Acetoacetate 2nd peak (with TMS derivative 2). TMS = trimethylsilyl derivative reagent, PDA = pentadecanoic acid (internal standard).]] ==Causes== Diabetic ketoacidosis is caused by a lack of [[insulin]] and a high number of [[ketone]]s, which causes blood to become acidic. This sickness is an emergency that can lead to coma or [[death]].<ref name=":1" /> Symptoms of ketoacidosis include:<ref name=":1" /> * [[Vomiting]] * [[Confusion]] * [[Dehydration]] * Stomach pain * [[Tachycardia|Fast heart rate]]<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hyperglycemia|url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9815-hyperglycemia-high-blood-sugar|access-date=2023-07-18|website=Cleveland Clinic|language=en}}</ref> Those with [[type 2 diabetes]] can also get sick with ketoacidosis. DKA can happen with [[Hyperglycemia|high blood sugar]], when medicine is stopped, because of a bad sickness or [[infection]]:<ref name=":0" /> * [[Unconsciousness]] * [[Breathing]] problems * Breath that smells like [[fruit]] == Related pages == * [[Diabetic ketoacidosis]] * [[Ketosis]] * [[Type I diabetes]] ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == {{Wiktionary-inline}} {{Medical resources | DiseasesDB = 29670 | ICD10 = | ICD9 = | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 102 | MeshID = }} {{medical-stub}} [[Category:Acid–base disturbances]] [[Category:Blood disorders]] dm5eq1sjy7wwmehwnoxqz5xijsfftdw 2 1033359 10367958 10366076 2025-07-02T17:14:48Z DarthSidious123 1295416 /* 2015 */ 10367958 wikitext text/x-wiki == my favourite eurovision entry from each year == === British Jury === == eurovision with the newvoting system == === 2012 === {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" !{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} !Country !Artist !Song !Points !Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |[[Engelbert Humperdinck (singer)|Engelbert Humperdinck]] |"Love Will Set You Free" |47 |25 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |Compact Disco |"Sound of Our Hearts" |50 |24 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |Rona Nishliu |"Suus" |263 |5 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |Donny Montell |"Love Is Blind" |150 |13 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flag|Bosnia & Herzegovina}} |Maya Sar |"Korake ti znam" |128 |18 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flag|Russia}} |[[Buranovskiye Babushki]] |"Party for Everybody" |426 |2 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flagicon|Iceland}} [[Iceland]] |Greta Salóme & Jónsi |"Never Forget" |92 |20 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |Ivi Adamou |"La La Love" |148 |17 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9 |{{Flag|France}} |[[Anggun]] |"Echo (You and I)" |85 |21 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flag|Italy}} |Nina Zilli |"L'amore è femmina" |213 |9 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |Ott Lepland |"Kuula" |230 |6 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |Tooji |"Stay" |40 |26 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13 |{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} |Sabina Babayeva |"When the Music Dies" |269 |4 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania]] |Mandinga |"Zaleilah" |170 |12 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]] |Soluna Samay |"Should've Known Better" |69 |23 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |16 |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |Eleftheria Eleftheriou |"Aphrodisiac" |149 |15 |- style="font-weight:bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:gold" |17 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |[[Loreen]] |"[[Euphoria (Loreen song)|Euphoria]]" |639 |1 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |18 |{{Flag|Turkey}} |Can Bonomo |"Love Me Back" |226 |7 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |19 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |Pastora Soler |"Quédate conmigo" |199 |10 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |20 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |Roman Lob |"Standing Still" |223 |8 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |21 |{{Flagicon|Malta}} [[Malta]] |Kurt Calleja |"This is the Night" |80 |22 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |22 |{{Flag|Macedonia}} |Kaliopi |"Crno i belo" |148 |16 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |23 |{{Flagicon|Ireland}} [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] |[[Jedward]] |"Waterline" |103 |19 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |24 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |Željko Joksimović |"Nije ljubav stvar" |384 |3 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |25 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |Gaitana |"Be My Guest" |162 |13 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |26 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |[[Pasha Parfeni]] |"Lăutar" |179 |11 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! rowspan="2" |Place ! colspan="2" |Combined ! colspan="2" |Jury vote ! colspan="2" |Televote |- !Country !Points !Country !Points !Country !Points |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1''' |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |639 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |296 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |343 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''2''' |{{Flag|Russia}} |426 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |173 |{{Flag|Russia}} |332 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |384 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |157 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |211 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''4''' |{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} |269 |{{Flag|Italy}} |157 |{{Flag|Turkey}} |176 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''5''' |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |263 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |154 |{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} |151 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''6''' |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |230 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |152 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |125 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''7''' |{{Flag|Turkey}} |226 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |125 |{{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania]] |117 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''8''' |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |223 |{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} |118 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |106 |- !9 |{{Flag|Italy}} |213 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |104 |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |89 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''10''' |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |199 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |98 |{{Flagicon|Ireland}} [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] |89 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''11''' |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |179 |{{Flag|Russia}} |94 |{{Flag|Macedonia}} |79 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''12''' |{{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania]] |170 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |85 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |78 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''13''' |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |162 |{{Flag|France}} |85 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |75 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''14''' |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |150 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |82 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |68 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |149 |{{Flag|Bosnia & Herzegovina}} |71 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |63 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flag|Macedonia}} |148 |{{Flagicon|Malta}} [[Malta]] |70 |{{Flag|Bosnia & Herzegovina}} |57 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''17''' |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |148 |{{Flag|Macedonia}} |69 |{{Flag|Italy}} |56 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''18''' |{{Flag|Bosnia & Herzegovina}} |128 |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |60 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |45 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''19''' |{{Flagicon|Ireland}} [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] |103 |{{Flagicon|Iceland}} [[Iceland]] |53 |{{Flagicon|Iceland}} [[Iceland]] |39 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''20''' |{{Flagicon|Iceland}} [[Iceland]] |92 |{{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania]] |53 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |37 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''21''' |{{Flag|France}} |85 |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]] |51 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |36 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''22''' |{{Flagicon|Malta}} [[Malta]] |80 |{{Flag|Turkey}} |50 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |20 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''23''' |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]] |69 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |30 |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]] |18 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''24''' |{{Flag|Hungary}} |50 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |24 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |16 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''25''' |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |47 |{{Flagicon|Ireland}} [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] |14 |{{Flagicon|Malta}} [[Malta]] |10 |- !26 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |40 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |11 |{{Flag|France}} |0 |} === 2015 === {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" !{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} !Country !Artist !Song !Points !Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1''' |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |Maraaya |"Here for You" |75 |18th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''2''' |{{Flag|France}} |Lisa Angell |"N'oubliez pas" |28 |26th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |Nadav Guedj |"Golden Boy" |184 |9th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''4''' |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |Elina Born & Stig Rästa |"Goodbye to Yesterday" |200 |8th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''5''' |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |Electro Velvet |"Still in Love with You" |19 |27th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''6''' |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |Genealogy |"Face the Shadow" |95 |14th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''7''' |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |[[Monika Linkytė]] & Vaidas Baumila |"This Time" |85 |17th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''8''' |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |Bojana Stamenov |"Beauty Never Lies" |120 |10th |- !9 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |Mørland & Debrah Scarlett |"A Monster Like Me" |206 |7th |- style="font-weight:bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:gold" |10 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |[[Måns Zelmerlöw]] |"Heroes" |642 |1st |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''11''' |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |John Karayiannis |"One Thing I Should Have Done" |71 |19th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''12''' |{{Flag|Australia}} |[[Guy Sebastian]] |"Tonight Again" |356 |5th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''13''' |{{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]] |Loïc Nottet |"Rhythm Inside" |382 |4th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''14''' |{{Flag|Austria}} |The Makemakes |"I Am Yours" |40 |23rd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |Maria Elena Kyriako |"One Last Breath" |53 |20th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flag|Montenegro}} |Knez |"Adio" |82 |16th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''17''' |{{Flag|Germany}} |Ann Sophie |"Black Smoke" |29 |25th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''18''' |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |Monika Kuszyńska |"In the Name of Love" |49 |22nd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''19''' |{{Flagicon|Latvia}} [[Latvia]] |Aminita |"Love Injected" |349 |6th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''20''' |{{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania]] |Voltaj |"De la capăt" |90 |15th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''21''' |{{Flag|Spain}} |Edurne |"Amanecer" |34 |24th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''22''' |{{Flag|Hungary}} |Boggie |"Wars for Nothing" |50 |21st |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''23''' |{{Flagicon|Georgia}} [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] |Mina Sublatti |"Warrior" |113 |12th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''24''' |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |Elnur Hüseynov |"Hour of the Wolf" |96 |13th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''25''' |{{Flag|Russia}} |[[Polina Gagarina]] |"A Million Voices" |533 |3rd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''26''' |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |Elhaida Dani |"I'm Alive" |119 |11th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''27''' |{{Flag|Italy}} |Il Volo |"Grande amore" |550 |2nd |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! rowspan="2" |Place ! colspan="2" |Combined ! colspan="2" |Jury vote ! colspan="2" |Televote |- !Country !Points !Country !Points !Country !Points |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1''' |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |642 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |363 |{{Flag|Italy}} |366 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''2''' |{{Flag|Italy}} |550 |{{Flagicon|Latvia}} [[Latvia]] |249 |{{Flag|Russia}} |286 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flag|Russia}} |533 |{{Flag|Russia}} |247 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |279 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''4''' |{{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]] |382 |{{Flag|Australia}} |224 |{{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]] |195 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''5''' |{{Flag|Australia}} |356 |{{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]] |187 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |144 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''6''' |{{Flagicon|Latvia}} [[Latvia]] |349 |{{Flag|Italy}} |184 |{{Flag|Australia}} |132 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''7''' |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |206 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |163 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |104 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''8''' |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |200 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |80 |{{Flagicon|Latvia}} [[Latvia]] |100 |- !9 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |184 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |63 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |93 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''10''' |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |120 |{{Flagicon|Georgia}} [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] |62 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |86 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''11''' |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |119 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |56 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |77 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''12''' |{{Flagicon|Georgia}} [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] |113 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |48 |{{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania]] |69 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''13''' |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |96 |{{Flag|Montenegro}} |48 |{{Flagicon|Georgia}} [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] |51 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''14''' |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |95 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |48 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |48 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania]] |90 |{{Flag|Austria}} |40 |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |47 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flag|Montenegro}} |82 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |34 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |44 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''17''' |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |75 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |31 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |43 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''18''' |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |75 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |29 |{{Flag|Montenegro}} |34 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''19''' |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |71 |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |29 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |27 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''20''' |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |53 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |26 |{{Flag|Spain}} |26 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''21''' |{{Flag|Hungary}} |50 |{{Flag|France}} |24 |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |24 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''22''' |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |49 |{{Flag|Germany}} |24 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |21 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''23''' |{{Flag|Austria}} |40 |{{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania]] |21 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |8 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''24''' |{{Flag|Spain}} |34 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |18 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |7 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''25''' |{{Flag|Germany}} |29 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |12 |{{Flag|Germany}} |5 |- !26 |{{Flag|France}} |28 |{{Flag|Spain}} |8 |{{Flag|France}} |4 |- !27 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |19 |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |2 |{{Flag|Austria}} |0 |} === 2016 === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- !{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} !Country !Artist !Song !Points !Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flag|Belgium}} |Laura Tesoro |"What's the Pressure?" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flag|Czech Republic}} |Gabriela Gunčíková |"I Stand" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |Douwe Bob |"Slow Down" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |Samra |"Miracle" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |Freddie |"Pioneer" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |Francesca Michielin |"No Degree of Separation" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |Hovi Star |"Made of Stars" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |Poli Genova |"If Love Was a Crime" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |Frans |"If I Were Sorry" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |Jamie-Lee |"Ghost" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |Amir |"J'ai cherché" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12 |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |Michał Szpak |"Color of Your Life" | | |- style="font-weight:bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:gold" |13 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |[[Dami Im]] |"Sound of Silence" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flag|Cyprus}} |Minus One |"Alter Ego" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |Sanja Vučić Zaa |"Goodbye" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |16 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |Donny Montell |"I've Been Waiting for This Night" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |17 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |Nina Kraljić |"Lighthouse" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |18 |{{Flag|Russia}} |[[Sergey Lazarev]] |"You Are the Only One" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |19 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |Barei |"Say Yay" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |20 |{{Flagicon|Latvia}} [[Latvia]] |Justs |"Heartbeat" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |21 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |[[Jamala]] |"1944" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |22 |{{Flag|Malta}} |Ira Losco |"Walk on Water" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |23 |{{Flagicon|Georgia}} [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] |Nika & Young Lolitaz |"Midnight Gold" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |24 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |Zoë |"Loin d'ici" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |25 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |Joe & Jake |"You're Not Alone" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |26 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |Iveta Mukuchyan |"Love Wave" | | |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! rowspan="2" |Place ! colspan="2" |Combined ! colspan="2" |Jury vote ! colspan="2" |Televote |- !Country !Points !Country !Points !Country !Points |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1''' |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |329 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |197 |{{Flag|Russia}} |225 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''2''' |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |307 |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |113 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |216 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flag|Russia}} |289 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |113 |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |149 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''4''' |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |195 |{{Flag|Malta}} |97 |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |123 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''5''' |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |191 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |90 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |110 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''6''' |{{Flag|Armenia}} |182 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |81 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |101 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''7''' |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |154 |{{Flag|Belgium}} |73 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |78 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''8''' |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |141 |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |72 |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |78 |- !9 |{{Flag|Malta}} |113 |{{Flagicon|Georgia}} [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] |69 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |72 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''10''' |{{Flag|Belgium}} |107 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |69 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |45 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''11''' |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |105 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |65 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |41 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''12''' |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |101 |{{Flag|Russia}} |64 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |40 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''13''' |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |99 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |53 |{{Flag|Cyprus}} |37 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''14''' |{{Flagicon|Georgia}} [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] |93 |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |50 |{{Flag|Belgium}} |34 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flag|Hungary}} |81 |{{Flagicon|Latvia}} [[Latvia]] |47 |{{Flagicon|Latvia}} [[Latvia]] |32 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |80 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |45 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |26 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''17''' |{{Flagicon|Latvia}} [[Latvia]] |79 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |39 |{{Flagicon|Georgia}} [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] |24 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''18''' |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |79 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |36 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |20 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''19''' |{{Flag|Cyprus}} |61 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |28 |{{Flag|Malta}} |16 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''20''' |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |61 |{{Flag|Czech Republic}} |25 |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |11 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''21''' |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |53 |{{Flag|Cyprus}} |24 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |11 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''22''' |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |33 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |22 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |8 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''23''' |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |29 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |21 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |5 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''24''' |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |26 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |9 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |4 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''25''' |{{Flag|Czech Republic}} |25 |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |7 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |2 |- !26 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |3 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |1 |{{Flag|Czech Republic}} |0 |} === 2017 === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- !{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} !Country !Artist !Song !Points !Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |Imri |"I Feel Alive" |22 |19th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |Kasia Moś |"Flashlight" |15 |22nd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flag|Belarus}} |Naviband |"Story of My Life" |42 |14th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |Nathan Trent |"Running on Air" |9 |23rd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |Artsvik |"Fly with Me" |21 |20th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |OG3NE |"Light & Shadows" |73 |10th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |Sunstroke Project |"Hey Mamma" |214 |5th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |Joci Pápai |"Origo" |101 |8th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9 |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |Francesco Gabbani |"Occidentali's Karma" |178 |6th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flag|Denmark}} |Anja |"Where I Am" |15 |21st |- style="font-weight:bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:gold" |11 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |[[Salvador Sobral]] |"Amar pelos dois" |417 |1st |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |Dihaj |"Skeletons" |52 |13th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |Jacques Houdek |"My Friend" |40 |15th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |Isaiah |"Don't Come Easy" |60 |12th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |Demy |"This is Love" |39 |16th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |16 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |Manel Navarro |"Do It For Your Lover" |2 |26th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |17 |{{Flag|Norway}} |Jowst |"Grab the Moment" |72 |11th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |18 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |Lucie Jones |"Never Give Up On You" |34 |18th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |19 |{{Flag|Cyprus}} |Hovig |"Gravity" |37 |17th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |20 |{{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania]] |Ilinca & Alex Florea |"Yodel It" |115 |7th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |21 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |Levina |"Perfect Life" |2 |25th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |22 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |O. Torvald |"Time" |7 |24th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |23 |{{Flag|Belgium}} |Blanche |"City Lights" |216 |4th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |24 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |Robert Bengtsson |"I Can't Go On" |226 |3rd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |25 |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |Kristian Kostov |"Beautiful Mess" |352 |2nd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |26 |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |Alma |"Requiem" |84 |9th |} === 2018 === {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" !{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} !Country !Artist !Song !Points !Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |Mélovin |"Under the Ladder" |142 |17th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flag|Spain}} |Amaia & Alfred |"Tu canción" |46 |25th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |Lea Sirk |"Hvala, ne!" |64 |22nd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |Ieva Zasimauskaitė |"When We're Old" |157 |13th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |Cesár Sampson |"Nobody but You" |324 |6th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |[[Elina Nechayeva]] |"La forza" |373 |3rd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |[[Alexander Rybak]] |"That's How You Write A Song" |184 |11th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |Cláudia Pascoal & Isaura |"O jardim" |39 |26th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |[[SuRie]] |"Storm" |85 |20th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |Sanja Ilić & Balkanika |"Nova deca" |98 |19th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flag|Germany}} |Michael Schulte |"You Let Me Walk Alone" |340 |5th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |Eugent Bushpepa |"Mall" |149 |16th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13 |{{Flag|France}} |Madame Monsieur |"Mercy" |173 |12th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flag|Czechia}} |Mikolas Josef |"Lie to Me" |341 |4th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]] |Rasmussen |"Higher Ground" |226 |8th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |16 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |[[Jessica Mauboy]] |"We Got Love" |52 |24th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |17 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |[[Saara Aalto]] |"Monsters" |61 |23rd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |18 |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |Equinox |"Bones" |156 |14th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |19 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |DoReDoS |"My Lucky Day" |209 |9th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |20 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |[[Benjamin Ingrosso]] |"Dance You Off" |204 |10th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |21 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |AWS |"Viszlát nyár" |76 |21st |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |22 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |[[Netta Barzilai]] |"Toy" |460 |2nd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |23 |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]] |Waylon |"Outlaw in 'Em" |106 |18th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |24 |{{Flagicon|Ireland}} [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] |Ryan O'Shaughnessy |"Together" |151 |15th |- style="font-weight:bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:gold" |25 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |[[Eleni Foureira]] |"Fuego" |465 |1st |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |26 |{{Flag|Italy}} |Ermal & Fabrizio |"Non mi avete fatto niente" |308 |7th |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! rowspan="2" |Place ! colspan="2" |Combined ! colspan="2" |Jury vote ! colspan="2" |Televote |- !Country !Points !Country !Points !Country !Points |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1''' |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |465 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |271 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |317 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''2''' |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |460 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |253 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |253 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |373 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |212 |{{Flag|Italy}} |249 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''4''' |{{Flag|Czechia}} |341 |{{Flag|Germany}} |204 |{{Flag|Czechia}} |215 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''5''' |{{Flag|Germany}} |340 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |183 |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]] |188 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''6''' |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |324 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |143 |{{Flag|Germany}} |136 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''7''' |{{Flag|Italy}} |308 |{{Flag|Czechia}} |126 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |119 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''8''' |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]] |226 |{{Flag|France}} |114 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |115 |- !9 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |209 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |100 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |102 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''10''' |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |204 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |94 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |91 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''11''' |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |184 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |90 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |84 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''12''' |{{Flag|France}} |173 |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |90 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |75 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''13''' |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |157 |{{Flagicon|Ireland}} [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] |89 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |71 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''14''' |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |156 |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]] |74 |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |66 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flagicon|Ireland}} [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] |151 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |66 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |65 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |149 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |60 |{{Flagicon|Ireland}} [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] |62 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''17''' |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |142 |{{Flag|Italy}} |59 |{{Flag|France}} |59 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''18''' |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]] |106 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |43 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |58 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''19''' |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |98 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |41 |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]] |32 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''20''' |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |85 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |38 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |25 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''21''' |{{Flag|Hungary}} |76 |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]] |38 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |23 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''22''' |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |64 |{{Flag|Spain}} |28 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |23 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''23''' |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |61 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |23 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |21 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''24''' |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |52 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |23 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |18 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''25''' |{{Flag|Spain}} |46 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |21 |{{Flag|Spain}} |18 |- !26 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |39 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |11 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |9 |} === 2019 === {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" !{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} !Country !Artist !Song !Points !Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flag|Malta}} |Michela |"Chameleon" |88 |16th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |Jonida Maliqi |"Ktheju tokës" |66 |20th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flag|Czechia}} |Lake Malawi |"Friend of a Friend" |177 |11th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flag|Germany}} |Sisters |"Sister" |24 |24th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flag|Russia}} |[[Sergey Lazarev]] |"Scream" |362 |5th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]] |Leonora |"Love is Forever" |124 |13th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |Serhat |"Say Na Na Na" |65 |21st |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flag|North Macedonia}} |Tamara Todevska |"Proud" |305 |7th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |[[John Lundvik]] |"Too Late for Love" |295 |8th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |Zala & Gasper |"Sebi" |85 |17th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |Tamta |"Replay" |102 |15th |- style="font-weight:bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:gold" |12 |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]] |[[Duncan Laurence]] |"Arcade" |498 |1st |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13 |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |Katerine Duska |"Better Love" |82 |18th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |Kobi Marimi |"Home" |15 |26th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |Keiino |"Spirit in the Sky" |331 |6th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |16 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |Michael Rice |"Bigger Than Us" |21 |25th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |17 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |Hatari |"Hatrið mun sigra" |214 |10th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |18 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |Victor Crone |"Storm" |105 |14th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |19 |{{Flag|Belarus}} |Zena |"Like It" |36 |23rd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |20 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |Chingiz |"Truth" |252 |9th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |21 |{{Flag|France}} |[[Bilal Hassani]] |"Roi" |135 |12th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |22 |{{Flag|Italy}} |[[Mahmood (singer)|Mahmood]] |"Soldi" |472 |2nd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |23 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |Nevena Božović |"Kruna" |78 |19th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |24 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |Luca Hänni |"She Got Me" |397 |3rd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |25 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |Kate Miller-Heidke |"Zero Gravity" |372 |4th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |26 |{{Flag|Spain}} |Miki |"La venda" |55 |22nd |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! rowspan="2" |Place ! colspan="2" |Combined ! colspan="2" |Jury vote ! colspan="2" |Televote |- !Country !Points !Country !Points !Country !Points |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1''' |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]] |498 |{{Flag|North Macedonia}} |247 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |291 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''2''' |{{Flag|Italy}} |472 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |241 |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]] |261 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |397 |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]] |237 |{{Flag|Italy}} |253 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''4''' |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |372 |{{Flag|Italy}} |219 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |244 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''5''' |{{Flag|Russia}} |362 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |202 |{{Flag|Russia}} |212 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''6''' |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |331 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |153 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |186 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''7''' |{{Flag|North Macedonia}} |305 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |152 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |131 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''8''' |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |295 |{{Flag|Russia}} |150 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |100 |- !9 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |252 |{{Flag|Czechia}} |126 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |93 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''10''' |{{Flag|Iceland}} |214 |{{Flag|France}} |87 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |65 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''11''' |{{Flag|Czechia}} |177 |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]] |77 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |59 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''12''' |{{Flag|France}} |135 |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |69 |{{Flag|North Macedonia}} |58 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''13''' |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]] |124 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |67 |{{Flag|Spain}} |54 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''14''' |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |105 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |50 |{{Flag|Malta}} |53 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |102 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |46 |{{Flag|Czechia}} |51 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flag|Malta}} |88 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |46 |{{Flag|France}} |48 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''17''' |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |85 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |43 |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]] |47 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''18''' |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |82 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |40 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |38 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''19''' |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |78 |{{Flag|Malta}} |35 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |35 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''20''' |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |66 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |28 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |32 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''21''' |{{Flag|San Marino}} |65 |{{Flag|Germany}} |24 |{{Flag|Belarus}} |24 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''22''' |{{Flag|Spain}} |55 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |18 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |20 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''23''' |{{Flag|Belarus}} |36 |{{Flag|Belarus}} |12 |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |13 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''24''' |{{Flag|Germany}} |24 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |8 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |7 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''25''' |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |21 |{{Flag|Spain}} |1 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |3 |- !26 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |15 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |0 |{{Flag|Germany}} |0 |} === 2021 === {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" !{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} !Country !Artist !Song !Points !Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |Elena Tsagrinou |"El Diablo" |57 |21st |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |Anxhela Peristeri |"Karma" |50 |22nd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |Eden Alene |"Set Me Free" |93 |17th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flag|Belgium}} |Hooverphonic |"The Wrong Place" |74 |19th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flag|Russia}} |Manizha |"Russian Woman" |162 |10th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flag|Malta}} |Destiny |"Je me casse" |255 |6th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |The Black Mamba |"Love is on My Side" |131 |13th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |Hurricane |"Loco Loco" |114 |15th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |James Newman |"Embers" |0 |26th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |Stefania |"Last Dance" |202 |9th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |Gjon's Tears |"Tout l'univers" |457 |3rd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |Daði og Gagnamagnið |"Ten Years" |416 |4th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13 |{{Flag|Spain}} |Blas Cantó |"Voy a quedarme" |6 |24th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |Natalia Gordienko |"Sugar" |78 |18th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flag|Germany}} |Jendrik |"I Don't Feel Hate" |3 |25th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |16 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |Blind Channel |"Dark Side" |220 |7th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |17 |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |Victoria |"Growing Up is Getting Old" |156 |11th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |18 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |The Roop |"Discoteque" |215 |8th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |19 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |Go_A |"Shum" |364 |5th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |20 |{{Flag|France}} |Barbara Pravi |"Voilà" |499 |2nd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |21 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |Efendi |"Mata Hari" |66 |20th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |22 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |Tix |"Fallen Angel" |113 |16th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |23 |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]] |Jeangu Macrooy |"Birth of a New Age" |11 |23rd |- style="font-weight:bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:gold" |24 |{{Flag|Italy}} |[[Måneskin]] |"Zitti e buoni" |524 |1st |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |25 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |Tusse |"Voices" |124 |14th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |26 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |Senhit & [[Flo Rida]] |"Adrenalina" |146 |12th |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! rowspan="2" |Place ! colspan="2" |Combined ! colspan="2" |Jury vote ! colspan="2" |Televote |- !Country !Points !Country !Points !Country !Points |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1''' |{{Flag|Italy}} |524 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |267 |{{Flag|Italy}} |318 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''2''' |{{Flag|France}} |499 |{{Flag|France}} |248 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |267 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |457 |{{Flag|Malta}} |208 |{{Flag|France}} |251 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''4''' |{{Flag|Iceland}} |416 |{{Flag|Italy}} |206 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |218 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''5''' |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |364 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |198 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |190 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''6''' |{{Flag|Malta}} |255 |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |140 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |165 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''7''' |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |220 |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |126 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |165 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''8''' |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |215 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |104 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |100 |- !9 |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |202 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |97 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |82 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''10''' |{{Flag|Russia}} |162 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |91 |{{Flag|Russia}} |79 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''11''' |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |156 |{{Flag|Russia}} |83 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |63 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''12''' |{{Flag|San Marino}} |146 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |73 |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |62 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''13''' |{{Flag|Portugal}} |131 |{{Flag|Belgium}} |71 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |60 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''14''' |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |124 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |55 |{{Flag|Malta}} |47 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |114 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |53 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |44 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |113 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |50 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |35 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''17''' |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |93 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |46 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |33 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''18''' |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |78 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |37 |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |30 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''19''' |{{Flag|Belgium}} |74 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |32 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |27 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''20''' |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |64 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |22 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |20 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''21''' |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |57 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |20 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |13 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''22''' |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |50 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |15 |{{Flag|Belgium}} |3 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''23''' |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]] |11 |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]] |11 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |0 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''24''' |{{Flag|Spain}} |6 |{{Flag|Spain}} |6 |{{Flag|Spain}} |0 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''25''' |{{Flag|Germany}} |3 |{{Flag|Germany}} |3 |{{Flag|Germany}} |0 |- !26 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |0 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |0 |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]] |0 |} === 2022 === {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" !{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} !Country !Artist !Song !Points !Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flag|Czech Republic}} |We Are Domi |"Lights Off" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania]] |Wrs |"Llámame" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |Maro |"Saudade, saudade" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |The Rasmus |"Jezebel" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |Marius Bear |"Boys Do Cry" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flag|France}} |Alvan & Ahez |"Fulenn" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |Subwoolfer |"Give That Wolf a Banana" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |[[Rosa Linn]] |"Snap" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9 |{{Flag|Italy}} |[[Mahmood (singer)|Mahmood]] & Blanco |"Brividi" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flag|Spain}} |Chanel |"SloMo" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]] |S10 |"D diepte" | | |- style="font-weight:bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:gold" |12 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |[[Kalush (rap group)|Kalush Orchestra]] |"Stefania" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13 |{{Flag|Germany}} |Malik Harris |"Rockstars" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |Monika Liu |"Sentimentai" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |Nadir Rustamli |"Fade to Black" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |16 |{{Flag|Belgium}} |Jérémie Makiese |"Miss You" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |17 |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |Amanda Tenfjord |"Die Together" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |18 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |Systur |"Með hækkandi sól" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |19 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |Zdob și Zdub & Advahov Bros |"Trenulețul" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |20 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |Cornelia Jakobs |"Hold Me Closer" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |21 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |Sheldon Riley |"Not the Same" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |22 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |[[Sam Ryder]] |"Space Man" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |23 |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |Ochman |"River" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |24 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |Konstrakta |"In corpore sano" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |25 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |Stefan |"Hope" | | |} === 2023 === {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" !{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} !Country !Artist !Song !Points !Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |Teya & Salena |"Who the Hell Is [[Edgar Allan Poe|Edgar]]?" |77 |21 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |Mimicat |"{{lang|pt|Ai coração|i=no}}" |59 |23 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Switzerland]] |Remo Forrer |"Watergun" |85 |20 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |Blanka |"Solo" |95 |18 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |Luke Black |"{{lang|sr-latn|Samo mi se spava|i=unset}}" |19 |26 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |La Zarra |"{{lang|fr|Évidemment|i=unset}}" |118 |15 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |Andrew Lambrou |"Break a Broken Heart" |162 |9 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |Blanca Paloma |"Eaea" |151 |11 |- style="font-weight:bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:gold" |9 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |[[Loreen (singer)|Loreen]] |"[[Tattoo (Loreen song)|Tattoo]]" |583 |1 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |Kelmendi Family |"{{lang|sq|Duje|i=unset}}" |154 |10 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |[[Marco Mengoni]] |"{{lang|it|Due vite|i=unset}}" |350 |4 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |Alika Milova |"Bridges" |172 |8 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |{{lang|fi|[[Käärijä]]|italic=no}} |"Cha Cha Cha" |503 |2 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flagicon|Czechia}} [[Czech Republic|Czechia]] |Vesna |"My Sister's Crown" |129 |12 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |Voyager |"Promise" |102 |16 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |16 |{{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]] |Gustaph |"Because of You" |185 |7 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |17 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |Brunette |"Future Lover" |122 |14 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |18 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |[[Pasha Parfeni]] |"{{lang|ro|Soarele și luna|i=unset}}" |93 |19 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |19 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |Tvorchi |"Heart of Steel" |222 |6 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |20 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |Alessandra |"Queen of Kings" |270 |5 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |21 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |Lord of the Lost |"Blood & Glitter" |27 |24 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |22 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |[[Monika Linkytė]] |"Stay" |98 |17 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |23 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |[[Noa Kirel]] |"Unicorn" |362 |3 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |24 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |Joker Out |"{{lang|la|Carpe Diem|i=unset}}" |65 |22 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |25 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |Let 3 |"{{lang|hr|Mama ŠČ!|i=unset}}" |123 |13 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |26 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |[[Mae Muller]] |"I Wrote a Song" |24 |25 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! rowspan="2" |Place ! colspan="2" |Combined ! colspan="2" |Jury vote ! colspan="2" |Televote |- !Country !Points !Country !Points !Country !Points |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1''' |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |583 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |340 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |376 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''2''' |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |503 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |177 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |243 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |362 |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |176 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |216 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''4''' |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |350 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |150 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |189 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''5''' |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |270 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |146 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |185 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''6''' |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |222 |{{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]] |130 |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |174 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''7''' |{{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]] |185 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |127 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |112 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''8''' |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |172 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |104 |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |81 |- !9 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |162 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |95 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |76 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''10''' |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |154 |{{Flagicon|Czechia}} [[Czech Republic|Czechia]] |94 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |59 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''11''' |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |151 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |81 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |58 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''12''' |{{Flagicon|Czechia}} [[Czech Republic|Czechia]] |129 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |69 |{{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]] |55 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''13''' |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |123 |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |68 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |53 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''14''' |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |122 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |61 |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |50 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |118 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |54 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |46 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |102 |{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Switzerland]] |54 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |45 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''17''' |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |98 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |52 |{{Flagicon|Czechia}} [[Czech Republic|Czechia]] |35 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''18''' |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |95 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |43 |{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Switzerland]] |31 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''19''' |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |93 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |33 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |22 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''20''' |{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Switzerland]] |85 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |20 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |21 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''21''' |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |77 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |17 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |16 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''22''' |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |65 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |15 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |16 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''23''' |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |59 |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |14 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |16 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''24''' |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |27 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |12 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |15 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''25''' |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |24 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |11 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |9 |- ! style="text-align: center;" |26 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |19 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |3 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |5 |} === 52024 === {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" !{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} !Country !Artist !Song !Points !Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |[[Marcus & Martinus]] |"Unforgettable" |174 |8 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |Alyona & Jerry Heil |"Teresa & Maria" |471 |3 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |Isaak |"Always on the Run" |101 |13 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |Tali Golergant |"Fighter" |121 |11 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |Eden Golan |"Hurricane" |364 |5 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |Silvester Belt |"Luktelk" |157 |9 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |Nebulossa |"Zorra" |30 |22 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |5miinust & Puuluup |"Narkootikumidest ei tea me midagi" |37 |21 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9 |{{Flag|Ireland}} |Bambie Thug |"Doomsday Blue" |278 |6 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |Dons |"Hollow" |74 |16 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flag|Greece}} |Marina Satti |"Zari" |117 |12 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |[[Olly Alexander]] |"Dizzy" |15 |25 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |Gåte |"Ulveham" |26 |23 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |Angelina Mango |"La noia" |250 |7 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |Teya Dora |"Ramonda" |84 |15 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |16 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |Windows95man |"No Rules!" |38 |20 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |17 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |Iolanda |"Grito" |152 |10 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |18 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |Ladaniva |"Jako" |94 |14 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |19 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |Silia Kapsis |"Liar" |59 |17 |- style="font-weight:bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:gold" |20 |{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Switzerland]] |Nemo |"The Code" |591 |1 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |21 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |Raiven |"Veronika" |46 |19 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |22 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |Baby Lasagna |"Rim Tim Tagi Dim" |547 |2 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |23 |{{Flag|Georgia}} |Nutsa Buzaladze |"Fire Fighter" |55 |18 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |24 |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |Slimane |"Mon amour" |445 |4 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |25 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |Kaleen |"We Will Rave" |24 |24 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! rowspan="2" |Place ! colspan="2" |Combined ! colspan="2" |Jury vote ! colspan="2" |Televote |- !Country !Points !Country !Points !Country !Points |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1''' |{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Switzerland]] |591 |{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Switzerland]] |365 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |337 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''2''' |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |547 |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |218 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |323 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |471 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |210 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |307 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''4''' |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |445 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |164 |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |227 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''5''' |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |364 |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |146 |{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Switzerland]] |226 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''6''' |{{Flag|Ireland}} |278 |{{Flag|Ireland}} |142 |{{Flag|Ireland}} |136 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''7''' |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |250 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |139 |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |104 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''8''' |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |174 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |125 |{{Flag|Greece}} |85 |- !9 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |157 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |101 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |82 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''10''' |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |152 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |99 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |58 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''11''' |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |121 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |83 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |49 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''12''' |{{Flag|Greece}} |117 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |52 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |44 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''13''' |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |101 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |46 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |33 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''14''' |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |94 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |41 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |32 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |84 |{{Flag|Georgia}} |36 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |31 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flag|Latvia}} |74 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |34 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |28 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''17''' |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |59 |{{Flag|Greece}} |32 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |20 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''18''' |{{Flag|Georgia}} |55 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |22 |{{Flag|Georgia}} |19 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''19''' |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |46 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |19 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |18 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''20''' |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |38 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |19 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |13 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''21''' |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |37 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |15 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |12 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''22''' |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |30 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |15 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |11 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''23''' |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |26 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |12 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |5 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''24''' |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |24 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |7 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |4 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''25''' |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |15 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |4 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |0 |} === 2025 === {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} ! scope="col" |Country ! scope="col" |Artist ! scope="col" |Song ! scope="col" |Points ! scope="col" |Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flag|Norway}} |Kyle Alessandro |"Lighter" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |Laura Thorn |"La poupée monte le son" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flag|Estonia}} |Tommy Cash |"Espresso Macchiato" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flag|Israel}} |Yuval Raphael |"New Day Will Rise" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |Katarsis |"Tavo akys" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flag|Spain}} |Melody |"Esa diva" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |Ziferblat |"Bird of Pray" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |[[Remember Monday]] |"What the Hell Just Happened?" | | |- style="font-weight: bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;background:gold" |'''9''' |{{Flag|Austria}} |[[JJ (singer)|JJ]] |"Wasted Love" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |Væb |"Róa" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |Tautumeitas |"Bur man laimi" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |[[Claude (singer)|Claude]] |"C'est la vie" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13 |{{Flag|Finland}} |[[Erika Vikman]] |"Ich komme" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flag|Italy}} |Lucio Corsi |"Volevo essere un duro" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flag|Poland}} |[[Justyna Steczkowska]] |"Gaja" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |16 |{{Flag|Germany}} |Abor & Tynna |"Baller" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |17 |{{Flag|Greece}} |Klavdia |"Asteromata" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |18 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |Parg |"Survivor" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |19 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |Zoë Më |"Voyage" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |20 |{{Flag|Malta}} |Miriana Conte |"Serving" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |21 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |Napa |"Deslocado" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |22 |{{Flag|Albania}} |Shkodra Elektronike |"Zjerm" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |23 |{{Flag|Sweden}} |[[KAJ (group)|KAJ]] |"Bara bada bastu" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |24 |{{Flag|France}} |Louane |"Maman" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |25 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |Gabry Ponte |"Tutta l'Italia" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |26 |{{Flag|Denmark}} |Sissal |"Hallucination" | | |} == if joost participated == {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" !{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} !Country !Artist !Song !Points !Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |[[Marcus & Martinus]] |"Unforgettable" |155 |10 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |Alyona & Jerry Heil |"Teresa & Maria" |414 |3 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |Isaak |"Always on the Run" |110 |12 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |Tali Golergant |"Fighter" |96 |14 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |Joost Klein |"Europapa" |359 |5 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |Eden Golan |"Hurricane" |336 |6 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |Silvester Belt |"Luktelk" |76 |15 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |Nebulossa |"Zorra" |21 |24 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |5miinust & Puuluup |"Narkootikumidest ei tea me midagi" |31 |20 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flag|Ireland}} |Bambie Thug |"Doomsday Blue" |236 |8 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |Dons |"Hollow" |54 |17 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12 |{{Flag|Greece}} |Marina Satti |"Zari" |106 |13 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |[[Olly Alexander]] |"Dizzy" |43 |19 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |Gåte |"Ulveham" |13 |26 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |Angelina Mango |"La noia" |247 |7 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |16 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |Teya Dora |"Ramonda" |49 |18 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |17 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |Windows95man |"No Rules!" |27 |22 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |18 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |Iolanda |"Grito" |145 |11 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |19 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |Ladaniva |"Jako" |156 |9 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |20 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |Silia Kapsis |"Liar" |69 |16 |- style="font-weight:bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:gold" |21 |{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Switzerland]] |Nemo |"The Code" |556 |1 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |22 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |Raiven |"Veronika" |24 |23 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |23 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |Baby Lasagna |"Rim Tim Tagi Dim" |511 |2 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |24 |{{Flag|Georgia}} |Nutsa Buzaladze |"Fire Fighter" |30 |21 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |25 |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |Slimane |"Mon amour" |407 |4 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |26 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |Kaleen |"We Will Rave" |21 |25 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! rowspan="2" |Place ! colspan="2" |Combined ! colspan="2" |Jury vote ! colspan="2" |Televote |- !Country !Points !Country !Points !Country !Points |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1''' |'''{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Switzerland]]''' |'''556''' |'''{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Switzerland]]''' |'''365''' |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |304 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''2''' |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |511 |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |214 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |301 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |414 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |207 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |285 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''4''' |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |407 |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |164 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |274 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''5''' |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |359 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |140 |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |193 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''6''' |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |336 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |135 |'''{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Switzerland]]''' |'''191''' |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''7''' |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |247 |{{Flag|Ireland}} |135 |{{Flag|Ireland}} |101 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''8''' |{{Flag|Ireland}} |236 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |119 |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |83 |- !9 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |156 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |96 |{{Flag|Greece}} |66 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''10''' |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |155 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |96 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |60 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''11''' |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |145 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |82 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |44 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''12''' |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |110 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |58 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |37 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''13''' |{{Flag|Greece}} |106 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |51 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |36 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''14''' |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |96 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |43 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |29 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |76 |{{Flag|Greece}} |40 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |28 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |69 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |34 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |21 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''17''' |{{Flag|Latvia}} |54 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |32 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |20 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''18''' |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |49 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |32 |{{Flag|Georgia}} |15 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''19''' |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |43 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |21 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |14 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''20''' |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |31 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |18 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |14 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''21''' |{{Flag|Georgia}} |30 |{{Flag|Georgia}} |15 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |10 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''22''' |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |27 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |15 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |9 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''23''' |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |24 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |15 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |6 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''24''' |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |21 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |11 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |3 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''25''' |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |21 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |6 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |2 |- !26 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |13 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |2 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |0 |} === ra === {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" !{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} !Country !Artist !Song !Points !Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |[[Marcus & Martinus]] |"Unforgettable" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |Alyona & Jerry Heil |"Teresa & Maria" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |Isaak |"Always on the Run" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |Tali Golergant |"Fighter" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |Eden Golan |"Hurricane" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |Silvester Belt |"Luktelk" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |Nebulossa |"Zorra" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |5miinust & Puuluup |"Narkootikumidest ei tea me midagi" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9 |{{Flag|Ireland}} |Bambie Thug |"Doomsday Blue" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |Dons |"Hollow" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flag|Greece}} |Marina Satti |"Zari" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |[[Olly Alexander]] |"Dizzy" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |Gåte |"Ulveham" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |Angelina Mango |"La noia" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |Teya Dora |"Ramonda" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |16 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |Windows95man |"No Rules!" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |17 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |Iolanda |"Grito" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |18 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |Ladaniva |"Jako" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |19 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |Silia Kapsis |"Liar" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |20 |{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Switzerland]] |Nemo |"The Code" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |21 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |Raiven |"Veronika" | | |- style="font-weight:bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:gold" |22 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |Baby Lasagna |"Rim Tim Tagi Dim" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |23 |{{Flag|Georgia}} |Nutsa Buzaladze |"Fire Fighter" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |24 |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |Slimane |"Mon amour" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |25 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |Kaleen |"We Will Rave" | | |} == rotw == == 43international song contest == === Liverpool 2023 === {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" !{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} !Country !Artist !Song !Points !Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |Mimicat |"{{lang|pt|Ai coração|i=no}}" |36 |3rd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |Joker Out |"{{lang|la|Carpe Diem|i=unset}}" |22 |6th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |La Zarra |"{{lang|fr|Évidemment|i=unset}}" |31 |4th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |[[Pasha Parfeni]] |"{{lang|ro|Soarele și luna|i=unset}}" |7 |10th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |Blanca Paloma |"Eaea" |45 |2nd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |[[Let 3]] |"{{lang|hr|Mama ŠČ!|i=unset}}" |16 |8th |- style="font-weight:bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:gold" |7 |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |[[Marco Mengoni]] |"{{lang|it|Due vite|i=unset}}" |82 |1st |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |Mae Muller |"I Wrote a Song" |18 |7th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |Kelmendi Family |"{{lang|sq|Duje|i=unset}}" |13 |9th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |{{lang|fi|[[Käärijä]]|italic=no}} |"Cha Cha Cha" |30 |5th |} === Turin 2024 === {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} ! scope="col" |Country ! scope="col" |Artist ! scope="col" |Song ! scope="col" |Points ! scope="col" |Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |Nebulossa |"Zorra" |13 |8th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |Teya Dora |"Ramonda" |10 |9th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |Silvester Belt |"Luktelk" |22 |6th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |Iolanda |"Grito" |71 |2nd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |Gåte |"Ulveham" |6 |10th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |[[Olly Alexander]] |"Dizzy" |17 |7th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flag|Ireland}} |Bambie Thug |"Doomsday Blue" |51 |3rd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |Raiven |"Veronika" |4 |11th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |5miinust & Puuluup |"Narkootikumidest ei tea me midagi" |3 |12th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |Angelina Mango |"La noia" |41 |5th |- style="font-weight: bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;background:gold" |'''11''' |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |Slimane |"Mon amour" |77 |1st |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |Ladaniva |"Jako" |44 |4th |} === Lille 2025 === {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} ! scope="col" |Country ! scope="col" |Artist ! scope="col" |Song ! scope="col" |Points ! scope="col" |Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |Laura Thorn |"La poupée monte le son" |7 |13th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |Katarsis |"Tavo akys" |18 |10th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |Tautemeitas |"Bur man laimi" |36 |4th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flag|Spain}} |Melody |"Esa diva" |19 |9th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |Napa |"Deslocado" |10 |11th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flag|Italy}} |Lucio Corsi |"Volevo essere un duro" |66 |3rd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |Væb |"Róa" |1 |14th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |Zoë Më |"Voyage" |67 |2nd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9 |{{Flag|Albania}} |Shkodra Elektronike |"Zjerm" |21 |8th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flag|Greece}} |Klavdia |"Asteromata" |29 |6th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flag|Malta}} |Miriana Conte |"Serving Kant" |27 |7th |- style="font-weight: bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;background:gold" |'''12''' |{{Flag|France}} |Louane |"Maman" |74 |1st |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |Gabry Ponte |"Tutta l'Italia" |8 |12th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |Remember Monday |"What the Hell Just Happened?" |31 |5th |} == Eurovision but the Big 5 are last year's top 5 == === 2025 === ==== Automatic Qualifiers ==== {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" !Country !2024 !Artist !Song !2025 |- |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |2nd |Marko Bošnjak |"Poison Cake" |24th |- |{{Flag|France}} |4th |Louane |"Maman" |7th |- |{{Flag|Israel}} |5th |Yuval Raphael |"New Day Will Rise" |2nd |- |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |1st |Zoë Më |"Voyage" |10th |- |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |3rd |Ziferblat |"Bird of Pray" |9th |} ==== Semi-Final One ==== Also voting in the semi: Croatia, Ukraine, Switzerland {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} ! scope="col" |Country ! scope="col" |Artist ! scope="col" |Song ! scope="col" |Points ! scope="col" |Place |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |1 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |Væb |"Róa" |89 |7th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |2 |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |Justyna Steczkowska |"Gaja" |93 |6th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |Klemen |"How Much Time Do We Have Left?" |21 |14th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |4 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |Tommy Cash |"Espresso Macchiato" |122 |3rd |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |5 |{{Flag|Spain}} |Melody |"Esa diva" |46 |10th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |6 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |KAJ |"Bara Bada Bastu" |130 |1st |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |7 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |Napa |"Deslocado" |47 |9th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |8 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |Kyle Alessandro |"Lighter" |75 |8th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''9''' |{{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]] |Red Sebastian |"Strobe Lights" |22 |13th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''10''' |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |Mamagama |"Run with U" |6 |16th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |11 |{{Flag|Italy}} |Lucio Corsi |"Volevo essere un duro" |115 |5th |- ! style="text-align: center;" |12 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |Gabry Ponte |"Tutta l'Italia" |38 |12th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |13 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |Shkodra Elektronique |"Zjerm" |118 |4th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |14 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |Claude |"C'est la vie" |128 |2nd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |Theo Evan |"Shh" |45 |11th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |Remember Monday |"What the Hell Just Happened?" |7 |15th |} ==== Semi-Final Two ==== Also voting in the semi: Israel, France {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} ! scope="col" |Country ! scope="col" |Artist ! scope="col" |Song ! scope="col" |Points ! scope="col" |Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |Go-Jo |"Milkshake Man" |37 |11th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flag|Montenegro}} |Nina Žižić |"Dobrodošli" |12 |16th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flag|Ireland}} |Emmy |"Laika Party" |22 |14th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |4 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |Tautemeitas |"Bur man laimi" |123 |1st |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |5 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |Parg |"Survivor" |53 |9th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |6 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |JJ |"Wasted Love" |113 |3rd |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |7 |{{Flag|Greece}} |Klavdia |"Asteromata" |109 |5th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |8 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |Katarsis |"Tavo akys" |100 |6th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |9 |{{Flag|Malta}} |Miriana Conte |"Serving" |51 |10th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flag|Georgia}} |Mariam Shengelia |"Freedom" |27 |13th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |11 |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]] |Sissal |"Hallucination" |55 |8th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12 |{{Flagicon|Czechia}} [[Czech Republic|Czechia]] |Adonxs |"Kiss Kiss Goodbye" |21 |15th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |13 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |Laura Thorn |"La poupée monte le son" |64 |7th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |14 |{{Flag|Germany}} |Abor & Tynna |"Baller" |112 |4th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |Princ |"Mila" |29 |12th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |16 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |Erika Vikman |"Ich komme" |116 |2nd |} ==== Grand Final ==== {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} ! scope="col" |Country ! scope="col" |Artist ! scope="col" |Song ! scope="col" |Points ! scope="col" |Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flag|Norway}} |Kyle Alessandro |"Lighter" |88 |18th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |Laura Thorn |"La poupée monte le son" |47 |22nd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flag|Estonia}} |Tommy Cash |"Espresso Macchiato" |364 |2nd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flag|Israel}} |Yuval Raphael |"New Day Will Rise" |360 |3rd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |Katarsis |"Tavo akys" |98 |16th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flag|Spain}} |Melody |"Esa diva" |38 |23rd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |Ziferblat |"Bird of Pray" |221 |9th |- style="font-weight: bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;background:gold" |'''8''' |{{Flag|Austria}} |[[JJ (singer)|JJ]] |"Wasted Love" |436 |1st |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |Væb |"Róa" |32 |25th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |Tautumeitas |"Bur man laimi" |165 |13th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |[[Claude (singer)|Claude]] |"C'est la vie" |177 |12th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12 |{{Flag|Finland}} |[[Erika Vikman]] |"Ich komme" |200 |11th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13 |{{Flag|Italy}} |Lucio Corsi |"Volevo essere un duro" |261 |5th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flag|Poland}} |[[Justyna Steczkowska]] |"Gaja" |156 |15th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flag|Germany}} |Abor & Tynna |"Baller" |158 |14th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |16 |{{Flag|Greece}} |Klavdia |"Asteromata" |236 |6th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |17 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |Parg |"Survivor" |72 |19th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |18 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |Zoë Më |"Voyage" |219 |10th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |19 |{{Flag|Malta}} |Miriana Conte |"Serving" |96 |17th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |20 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |Marko Bošnjak |"Poison Cake" |37 |24th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |21 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |Napa |"Deslocado" |53 |20th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |22 |{{Flag|Albania}} |Shkodra Elektronike |"Zjerm" |223 |8th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |23 |{{Flag|Sweden}} |[[KAJ (group)|KAJ]] |"Bara bada bastu" |328 |4th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |24 |{{Flag|France}} |Louane |"Maman" |234 |7th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |25 |{{Flag|Denmark}} |Sissal |"Hallucination" |51 |21st |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! rowspan="2" |Place ! colspan="2" |Combined ! colspan="2" |Jury vote ! colspan="2" |Televote |- !Country !Points !Country !Points !Country !Points |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1''' |{{Flag|Austria}} |436 |{{Flag|Austria}} |258 |{{Flag|Israel}} |297 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''2''' |{{Flag|Estonia}} |364 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |219 |{{Flag|Estonia}} |258 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flag|Israel}} |360 |{{Flag|France}} |184 |{{Flag|Sweden}} |198 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''4''' |{{Flag|Sweden}} |328 |{{Flag|Italy}} |165 |{{Flag|Austria}} |178 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''5''' |{{Flag|Italy}} |261 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |134 |{{Flag|Albania}} |174 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''6''' |{{Flag|Greece}} |236 |{{Flag|Sweden}} |130 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |158 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''7''' |{{Flag|France}} |234 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |123 |{{Flag|Poland}} |140 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''8''' |{{Flag|Albania}} |223 |{{Flag|Greece}} |109 |{{Flag|Greece}} |127 |- !9 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |221 |{{Flag|Estonia}} |106 |{{Flag|Finland}} |108 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''10''' |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |219 |{{Flag|Finland}} |92 |{{Flag|Italy}} |96 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''11''' |{{Flag|Finland}} |200 |{{Flag|Malta}} |88 |{{Flag|Germany}} |74 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''12''' |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |177 |{{Flag|Germany}} |84 |{{Flag|Norway}} |66 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''13''' |{{Flag|Latvia}} |165 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |63 |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |62 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''14''' |{{Flag|Germany}} |158 |{{Flag|Israel}} |63 |{{Flag|France}} |50 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flag|Poland}} |156 |{{Flag|Albania}} |49 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |43 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |98 |{{Flag|Denmark}} |49 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |42 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''17''' |{{Flag|Malta}} |96 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |42 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |32 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''18''' |{{Flag|Norway}} |88 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |40 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |30 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''19''' |{{Flag|Armenia}} |72 |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |36 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |24 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''20''' |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |53 |{{Flag|Spain}} |28 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |14 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''21''' |{{Flag|Denmark}} |51 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |23 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |13 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''22''' |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |47 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |23 |{{Flag|Spain}} |10 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''23''' |{{Flag|Spain}} |38 |{{Flag|Norway}} |22 |{{Flag|Malta}} |8 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''24''' |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |37 |{{Flag|Poland}} |16 |{{Flag|Denmark}} |2 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''25''' |{{Flag|Iceland}} |32 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |0 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |0 |} (belgium and spanish jury swapped Germany and Poland, and Ukraine and Albania points to avoid tie) == 2007 == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! rowspan="2" |Place ! colspan="2" |Combined ! colspan="2" |Jury vote ! colspan="2" |Televote |- !Country !Points !Country !Points !Country !Points |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1''' |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |449 |{{Flag|Germany}} |263 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |268 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''2''' |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |402 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |228 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |235 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flag|Russia}} |372 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |214 |{{Flag|Russia}} |207 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''4''' |{{Flag|Hungary}} |356 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |198 |{{Flag|Turkey}} |163 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''5''' |{{Flag|Belarus}} |327 |{{Flag|Belarus}} |182 |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |157 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''6''' |{{Flag|Germany}} |312 |{{Flag|Russia}} |165 |{{Flag|Belarus}} |145 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''7''' |{{Flag|Latvia}} |252 |{{Flag|Georgia}} |150 |{{Flag|Greece}} |139 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''8''' |{{Flag|Georgia}} |247 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |134 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |138 |- !9 |{{Flag|Greece}} |216 |{{Flag|Macedonia}} |123 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |128 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''10''' |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |206 |{{Flag|Sweden}} |108 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |109 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''11''' |{{Flag|Macedonia}} |196 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |97 |{{Flag|Bosnia & Herzegovina}} |106 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''12''' |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |195 |{{Flag|Bosnia & Herzegovina}} |86 |{{Flag|Georgia}} |97 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''13''' |{{Flag|Bosnia & Herzegovina}} |192 |{{Flag|Greece}} |77 |{{Flag|Romania}} |84 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''14''' |{{Flag|Turkey}} |175 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |66 |{{Flag|Macedonia}} |73 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flag|Armenia}} |160 |{{Flag|Spain}} |59 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |66 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flag|Sweden}} |159 |{{Flag|France}} |47 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |54 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''17''' |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |132 |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |38 |{{Flag|Finland}} |53 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''18''' |{{Flag|Spain}} |102 |{{Flag|Finland}} |29 |{{Flag|Sweden}} |51 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''19''' |{{Flag|Romania}} |86 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |22 |{{Flag|Germany}} |49 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''20''' |{{Flag|Finland}} |82 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |17 |{{Flag|Spain}} |43 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''21''' |{{Flag|France}} |66 |{{Flag|Turkey}} |12 |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |28 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''22''' |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |36 |{{Flag|Ireland}} |8 |{{Flag|France}} |19 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''23''' |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |32 |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |4 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |19 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''24''' |{{Flag|Ireland}} |13 |{{Flag|Romania}} |2 |{{Flag|Ireland}} |5 |} == 2025 predic == === Semi 1 === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} ! scope="col" |Country ! scope="col" |Artist ! scope="col" |Song ! scope="col" |Result ! scope="col" |No. |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |1 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |Væb |"Róa" |Advanced |8th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |2 |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |Justyna Steczkowska |"Gaja" |Advanced |7th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |Klemen |"How Much Time Do We Have Left?" |Eliminated |13th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |4 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |Tommy Cash |"Espresso Macchiato" |Advanced |3rd |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |5 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |Ziferblat |"Bird of Pray" |Advanced |6th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |6 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |KAJ |"Bara Bada Bastu" |Advanced |1st |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |7 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |Napa |"Deslocado" |Advanced |10th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |8 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |Kyle Alessandro |"Lighter" |Advanced |4th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9 |{{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]] |Red Sebastian |"Strobe Lights" |Eliminated |11th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |Mamagama |"Run with U" |Eliminated |15th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |11 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |Gabry Ponte |"Tutta l'Italia" |Advanced |9th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |12 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |Shkodra Elektronique |"Zjerm" |Advanced |2nd |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |13 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |Claude |"C'est la vie" |Advanced |5th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |Marko Bošnjak |"Poison Cake" |Eliminated |14th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |Theo Evan |"Shh" |Eliminated |12th |} === Semi 2 === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} ! scope="col" |Country ! scope="col" |Artist ! scope="col" |Song ! scope="col" |Result ! scope="col" |No. |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |1 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |Go-Jo |"Milkshake Man" |Advanced |4th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flag|Montenegro}} |Nina Žižić |"Dobrodošli" |Eliminated |12th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flag|Ireland}} |Emmy |"Laika Party" |Eliminated |13th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |4 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |Tautemeitas |"Bur man laimi" |Advanced |10th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |Parg |"Survivor" |Eliminated |14th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |6 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |JJ |"Wasted Love" |Advanced |3rd |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |7 |{{Flag|Greece}} |Klavdia |"Asteromata" |Advanced |7th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |Katarsis |"Tavo akys" |Eliminated |11th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |9 |{{Flag|Malta}} |Miriana Conte |"Serving" |Advanced |5th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flag|Georgia}} |Mariam Shengelia |"Freedom" |Eliminated |16th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |11 |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]] |Sissal |"Hallucination" |Advanced |9th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |12 |{{Flagicon|Czechia}} [[Czech Republic|Czechia]] |Adonxs |"Kiss Kiss Goodbye" |Advanced |6th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |13 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |Laura Thorn |"La poupée monte le son" |Advanced |8th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |14 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |Yuval Raphael |"A New Day Will Rise" |Advanced |2nd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |Princ |"Mila" |Eliminated |15th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |16 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |Erika Vikman |"Ich komme" |Advanced |1st |} === Final === {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} ! scope="col" |Country ! scope="col" |Artist ! scope="col" |Song ! scope="col" |Points ! scope="col" |Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flag|Norway}} |Kyle Alessandro |"Lighter" |127 |14 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |Laura Thorn |"La poupée monte le son" |47 |23 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flag|Estonia}} |Tommy Cash |"Espresso Macchiato" |324 |3 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flag|Israel}} |Yuval Raphael |"New Day Will Rise" |318 |5 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |Katarsis |"Tavo akys" |84 |19 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flag|Spain}} |Melody |"Esa diva" |63 |21 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |Ziferblat |"Bird of Pray" |216 |9 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |[[Remember Monday]] |"What the Hell Just Happened?" |90 |18 |- style="font-weight: bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;background:gold" |'''9''' |{{Flag|Austria}} |[[JJ (singer)|JJ]] |"Wasted Love" |436 |1 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |Væb |"Róa" |33 |25 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |Tautumeitas |"Bur man laimi" |158 |12 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |[[Claude (singer)|Claude]] |"C'est la vie" |209 |10 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13 |{{Flag|Finland}} |[[Erika Vikman]] |"Ich komme" |261 |6 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flag|Italy}} |Lucio Corsi |"Volevo essere un duro" |230 |8 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flag|Poland}} |[[Justyna Steczkowska]] |"Gaja" |117 |15 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |16 |{{Flag|Germany}} |Abor & Tynna |"Baller" |111 |16 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |17 |{{Flag|Greece}} |Klavdia |"Asteromata" |147 |13 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |18 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |Parg |"Survivor" |72 |20 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |19 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |Zoë Më |"Voyage" |180 |11 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |20 |{{Flag|Malta}} |Miriana Conte |"Serving" |101 |17 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |21 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |Napa |"Deslocado" |42 |24 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |22 |{{Flag|Albania}} |Shkodra Elektronike |"Zjerm" |236 |7 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |23 |{{Flag|Sweden}} |[[KAJ (group)|KAJ]] |"Bara bada bastu" |321 |4 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |24 |{{Flag|France}} |Louane |"Maman" |340 |2 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |25 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |Gabry Ponte |"Tutta l'Italia" |17 |26 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |26 |{{Flag|Denmark}} |Sissal |"Hallucination" |55 |22 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! rowspan="2" |Place ! colspan="2" |Combined ! colspan="2" |Jury vote ! colspan="2" |Televote |- !Country !Points !Country !Points !Country !Points |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1''' |{{Flag|Austria}} |436 |{{Flag|Austria}} |258 |{{Flag|Sweden}} |297 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''2''' |{{Flag|Sweden}} |393 |{{Flag|France}} |214 |{{Flag|Israel}} |258 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flag|France}} |340 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |180 |{{Flag|Estonia}} |195 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''4''' |{{Flag|Israel}} |318 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |159 |{{Flag|Austria}} |178 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''5''' |{{Flag|Finland}} |261 |{{Flag|Italy}} |133 |{{Flag|Finland}} |173 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''6''' |{{Flag|Albania}} |236 |{{Flag|Sweden}} |126 |{{Flag|Albania}} |153 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''7''' |{{Flag|Italy}} |230 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |116 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |139 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''8''' |{{Flag|Estonia}} |222 |{{Flag|Greece}} |105 |{{Flag|France}} |126 |- !9 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |216 |{{Flag|Malta}} |98 |{{Flag|Poland}} |108 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''10''' |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |209 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |88 |{{Flag|Italy}} |97 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''11''' |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |180 |{{Flag|Finland}} |88 |{{Flag|Germany}} |74 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''12''' |{{Flag|Latvia}} |158 |{{Flag|Albania}} |83 |{{Flag|Norway}} |67 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''13''' |{{Flag|Greece}} |147 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |77 |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |62 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''14''' |{{Flag|Norway}} |127 |{{Flag|Israel}} |60 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |50 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flag|Poland}} |117 |{{Flag|Norway}} |60 |{{Flag|Greece}} |42 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flag|Germany}} |111 |{{Flag|Spain}} |45 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |42 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''17''' |{{Flag|Malta}} |101 |{{Flag|Denmark}} |45 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |33 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''18''' |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |90 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |42 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |30 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''19''' |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |84 |{{Flag|Germany}} |37 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |24 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''20''' |{{Flag|Armenia}} |72 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |34 |{{Flag|Spain}} |18 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''21''' |{{Flag|Spain}} |63 |{{Flag|Estonia}} |27 |{{Flag|Malta}} |13 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''22''' |{{Flag|Denmark}} |55 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |23 |{{Flag|Denmark}} |10 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''23''' |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |47 |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |22 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |8 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''24''' |{{Flag|Portugal}} |42 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |17 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |2 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''25''' |{{Flag|Iceland}} |33 |{{Flag|Poland}} |9 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |0 |- ! style="text-align: center;" |26 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |17 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |0 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |0 |} === fixing === {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} ! scope="col" |Country ! scope="col" |Artist ! scope="col" |Song ! scope="col" |Points ! scope="col" |Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flag|Norway}} |Kyle Alessandro |"Lighter" |127 |15 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |Laura Thorn |"La poupée monte le son" |66 |21 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flag|Estonia}} |Tommy Cash |"Espresso Macchiato" |314 |4 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flag|Israel}} |Yuval Raphael |"New Day Will Rise" |255 |6 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |Katarsis |"Tavo akys" |71 |20 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flag|Spain}} |Melody |"Esa diva" |63 |22 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |Ziferblat |"Bird of Pray" |171 |11 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |[[Remember Monday]] |"What the Hell Just Happened?" |90 |18 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9 |{{Flag|Austria}} |[[JJ (singer)|JJ]] |"Wasted Love" |384 |2 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |Væb |"Róa" |33 |25 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |Tautumeitas |"Bur man laimi" |168 |12 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |[[Claude (singer)|Claude]] |"C'est la vie" |183 |10 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13 |{{Flag|Finland}} |[[Erika Vikman]] |"Ich komme" |246 |7 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flag|Italy}} |Lucio Corsi |"Volevo essere un duro" |233 |8 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flag|Poland}} |[[Justyna Steczkowska]] |"Gaja" |145 |14 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |16 |{{Flag|Germany}} |Abor & Tynna |"Baller" |124 |16 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |17 |{{Flag|Greece}} |Klavdia |"Asteromata" |147 |13 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |18 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |Parg |"Survivor" |53 |23 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |19 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |Zoë Më |"Voyage" |184 |9 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |20 |{{Flag|Malta}} |Miriana Conte |"Serving" |111 |17 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |21 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |Napa |"Deslocado" |42 |24 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |22 |{{Flag|Albania}} |Shkodra Elektronike |"Zjerm" |256 |5 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |23 |{{Flag|Sweden}} |[[KAJ (group)|KAJ]] |"Bara bada bastu" |374 |3 |- style="font-weight: bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;background:gold" |'''24''' |{{Flag|France}} |Louane |"Maman" |392 |1 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |25 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |Gabry Ponte |"Tutta l'Italia" |22 |26 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |26 |{{Flag|Denmark}} |Sissal |"Hallucination" |87 |19 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! rowspan="2" |Place ! colspan="2" |Combined ! colspan="2" |Jury vote ! colspan="2" |Televote |- !Country !Points !Country !Points !Country !Points |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1''' |{{Flag|France}} |392 |{{Flag|Austria}} |258 |{{Flag|Estonia}} |297 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''2''' |{{Flag|Austria}} |384 |{{Flag|France}} |214 |{{Flag|Sweden}} |258 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flag|Sweden}} |374 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |180 |{{Flag|Israel}} |195 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''4''' |{{Flag|Estonia}} |314 |{{Flag|Italy}} |159 |{{Flag|France}} |178 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''5''' |{{Flag|Albania}} |256 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |133 |{{Flag|Albania}} |173 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''6''' |{{Flag|Israel}} |255 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |126 |{{Flag|Finland}} |158 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''7''' |{{Flag|Finland}} |246 |{{Flag|Sweden}} |116 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |139 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''8''' |{{Flag|Italy}} |233 |{{Flag|Greece}} |105 |{{Flag|Austria}} |126 |- !9 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |184 |{{Flag|Malta}} |98 |{{Flag|Poland}} |108 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''10''' |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |183 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |88 |{{Flag|Germany}} |97 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''11''' |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |180 |{{Flag|Finland}} |88 |{{Flag|Italy}} |74 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''12''' |{{Flag|Latvia}} |168 |{{Flag|Albania}} |83 |{{Flag|Norway}} |67 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''13''' |{{Flag|Greece}} |147 |{{Flag|Denmark}} |77 |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |62 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''14''' |{{Flag|Poland}} |145 |{{Flag|Norway}} |60 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |50 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flag|Norway}} |127 |{{Flag|Israel}} |60 |{{Flag|Greece}} |42 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flag|Germany}} |124 |{{Flag|Spain}} |45 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |42 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''17''' |{{Flag|Malta}} |111 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |45 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |33 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''18''' |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |90 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |42 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |30 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''19''' |{{Flag|Denmark}} |87 |{{Flag|Poland}} |37 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |24 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''20''' |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |71 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |34 |{{Flag|Spain}} |18 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''21''' |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |66 |{{Flag|Germany}} |27 |{{Flag|Malta}} |13 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''22''' |{{Flag|Spain}} |63 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |23 |{{Flag|Denmark}} |10 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''23''' |{{Flag|Armenia}} |53 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |22 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |8 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''24''' |{{Flag|Portugal}} |42 |{{Flag|Estonia}} |17 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |2 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''25''' |{{Flag|Iceland}} |33 |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |9 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |0 |- ! style="text-align: center;" |26 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |22 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |0 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |0 |} == 2025 without Israel == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} ! scope="col" |Country ! scope="col" |Artist ! scope="col" |Song ! scope="col" |Points ! scope="col" |Place |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |1 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |Go-Jo |"Milkshake Man" |54 |9 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flag|Montenegro}} |Nina Žižić |"Dobrodošli" |12 |15 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flag|Ireland}} |Emmy |"Laika Party" |39 |12 |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |4 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |Tautemeitas |"Bur man laimi" |150 |1 |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |5 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |Parg |"Survivor" |49 |10 |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |6 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |JJ |"Wasted Love" |115 |5 |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |7 |{{Flag|Greece}} |Klavdia |"Asteromata" |120 |4 |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |8 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |Katarsis |"Tavo akys" |125 |3 |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |9 |{{Flag|Malta}} |Miriana Conte |"Serving" |62 |8 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flag|Georgia}} |Mariam Shengelia |"Freedom" |24 |14 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flagicon|Czechia}} [[Czech Republic|Czechia]] |Adonxs |"Kiss Kiss Goodbye" |41 |11 |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |12 |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]] |Sissal |"Hallucination" |77 |6 |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |13 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |Laura Thorn |"La poupée monte le son" |68 |7 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |Princ |"Mila" |33 |13 |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |15 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |Erika Vikman |"Ich komme" |133 |2 |} === Final === {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} ! scope="col" |Country ! scope="col" |Artist ! scope="col" |Song ! scope="col" |Points ! scope="col" |Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flag|Norway}} |Kyle Alessandro |"Lighter" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |Laura Thorn |"La poupée monte le son" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flag|Estonia}} |[[Tommy Cash]] |"Espresso Macchiato" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |Katarsis |"Tavo akys" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flag|Spain}} |[[Melody (Spanish singer)|Melody]] |"Esa diva" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |Ziferblat |"Bird of Pray" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |Go-Jo |"Milkshake Man" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |Remember Monday |"What the Hell Just Happened?" | | |- style="font-weight: bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;background:gold" |'''9''' |{{Flag|Austria}} |[[JJ (singer)|JJ]] |"Wasted Love" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |Væb |"Róa" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |Tautumeitas |"Bur man laimi" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |Claude |"C'est la vie" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13 |{{Flag|Finland}} |[[Erika Vikman]] |"Ich komme" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flag|Italy}} |[[Lucio Corsi]] |"Volevo essere un duro" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flag|Poland}} |[[Justyna Steczkowska]] |"Gaja" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |16 |{{Flag|Germany}} |Abor & Tynna |"Baller" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |17 |{{Flag|Greece}} |Klavdia |"Asteromata" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |18 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |Parg |"Survivor" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |19 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |Zoë Më |"Voyage" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |20 |{{Flag|Malta}} |Miriana Conte |"Serving" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |21 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |Napa |"Deslocado" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |22 |{{Flag|Albania}} |Shkodra Elektronike |"Zjerm" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |23 |{{Flag|Sweden}} |[[KAJ (group)|KAJ]] |"Bara bada bastu" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |24 |{{Flag|France}} |[[Louane (singer)|Louane]] |"Maman" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |25 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |[[Gabry Ponte]] |"Tutta l'Italia" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |26 |{{Flag|Denmark}} |Sissal |"Hallucination" | | |} == 2015 == {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" !{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} !Country !Artist !Song !Points !Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1''' |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |Maraaya |"Here for You" |68 |19 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''2''' |{{Flag|France}} |Lisa Angell |"N'oubliez pas" |27 |26 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |Nadav Guedj |"Golden Boy" |194 |9 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''4''' |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |Elina Born & Stig Rästa |"Goodbye to Yesterday" |201 |8 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''5''' |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |Electro Velvet |"Still in Love with You" |16 |27 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''6''' |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |Genealogy |"Face the Shadow" |92 |13 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''7''' |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |[[Monika Linkytė]] & Vaidas Baumila |"This Time" |75 |17 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''8''' |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |Bojana Stamenov |"Beauty Never Lies" |99 |11 |- !9 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |Mørland & Debrah Scarlett |"A Monster Like Me" |207 |7 |- style="font-weight:bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:gold" |10 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |[[Måns Zelmerlöw]] |"Heroes" |659 |1 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''11''' |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |John Karayiannis |"One Thing I Should Have Done" |71 |18 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''12''' |{{Flag|Australia}} |[[Guy Sebastian]] |"Tonight Again" |368 |5 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''13''' |{{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]] |Loïc Nottet |"Rhythm Inside" |386 |4 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''14''' |{{Flag|Austria}} |The Makemakes |"I Am Yours" |40 |23 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |Maria Elena Kyriako |"One Last Breath" |53 |20 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flag|Montenegro}} |Knez |"Adio" |82 |16 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''17''' |{{Flag|Germany}} |Ann Sophie |"Black Smoke" |29 |25 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''18''' |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |Monika Kuszyńska |"In the Name of Love" |52 |21 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''19''' |{{Flagicon|Latvia}} [[Latvia]] |Aminita |"Love Injected" |354 |6 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''20''' |{{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania]] |Voltaj |"De la capăt" |92 |14 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''21''' |{{Flag|Spain}} |Edurne |"Amanecer" |32 |24 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''22''' |{{Flag|Hungary}} |Boggie |"Wars for Nothing" |46 |22 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''23''' |{{Flagicon|Georgia}} [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] |Mina Sublatti |"Warrior" |113 |10 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''24''' |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |Elnur Hüseynov |"Hour of the Wolf" |88 |15 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''25''' |{{Flag|Russia}} |[[Polina Gagarina]] |"A Million Voices" |548 |3 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''26''' |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |Elhaida Dani |"I'm Alive" |97 |12 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''27''' |{{Flag|Italy}} |Il Volo |"Grande amore" |551 |2 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! rowspan="2" |Place ! colspan="2" |Combined ! colspan="2" |Jury vote ! colspan="2" |Televote |- !Country !Points !Country !Points !Country !Points |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1''' |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |659 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |377 |{{Flag|Italy}} |368 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''2''' |{{Flag|Italy}} |551 |{{Flagicon|Latvia}} [[Latvia]] |265 |{{Flag|Russia}} |294 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flag|Russia}} |548 |{{Flag|Russia}} |254 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |282 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''4''' |{{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]] |386 |{{Flag|Australia}} |238 |{{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]] |197 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''5''' |{{Flag|Australia}} |368 |{{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]] |189 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |148 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''6''' |{{Flagicon|Latvia}} [[Latvia]] |354 |{{Flag|Italy}} |183 |{{Flag|Australia}} |130 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''7''' |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |207 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |170 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |107 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''8''' |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |201 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |87 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |93 |- !9 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |194 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |63 |{{Flagicon|Latvia}} [[Latvia]] |89 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''10''' |{{Flagicon|Georgia}} [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] |113 |{{Flagicon|Georgia}} [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] |62 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |86 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''11''' |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |99 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |53 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |77 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''12''' |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |97 |{{Flag|Montenegro}} |48 |{{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania]] |71 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''13''' |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |92 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |41 |{{Flagicon|Georgia}} [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] |51 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''14''' |{{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania]] |92 |{{Flag|Austria}} |40 |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |50 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |88 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |40 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |48 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flag|Montenegro}} |82 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |31 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |44 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''17''' |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |75 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |29 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |37 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''18''' |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |71 |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |29 |{{Flag|Montenegro}} |34 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''19''' |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |68 |{{Flag|France}} |24 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |27 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''20''' |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |53 |{{Flag|Germany}} |24 |{{Flag|Spain}} |26 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''21''' |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |52 |{{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania]] |21 |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |24 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''22''' |{{Flag|Hungary}} |46 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |15 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |17 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''23''' |{{Flag|Austria}} |40 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |13 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |8 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''24''' |{{Flag|Spain}} |32 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |12 |{{Flag|Germany}} |5 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''25''' |{{Flag|Germany}} |29 |{{Flag|Spain}} |6 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |4 |- !26 |{{Flag|France}} |27 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |4 |{{Flag|France}} |3 |- !27 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |16 |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |2 |{{Flag|Austria}} |0 |} jlivwkn102no36pon2tbvg2bnboe2ya 10368255 10367958 2025-07-02T20:59:28Z DarthSidious123 1295416 10368255 wikitext text/x-wiki == my favourite eurovision entry from each year == === British Jury === == eurovision with the newvoting system == === 2012 === {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" !{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} !Country !Artist !Song !Points !Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |[[Engelbert Humperdinck (singer)|Engelbert Humperdinck]] |"Love Will Set You Free" |47 |25 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |Compact Disco |"Sound of Our Hearts" |50 |24 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |Rona Nishliu |"Suus" |263 |5 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |Donny Montell |"Love Is Blind" |150 |13 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flag|Bosnia & Herzegovina}} |Maya Sar |"Korake ti znam" |128 |18 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flag|Russia}} |[[Buranovskiye Babushki]] |"Party for Everybody" |426 |2 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flagicon|Iceland}} [[Iceland]] |Greta Salóme & Jónsi |"Never Forget" |92 |20 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |Ivi Adamou |"La La Love" |148 |17 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9 |{{Flag|France}} |[[Anggun]] |"Echo (You and I)" |85 |21 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flag|Italy}} |Nina Zilli |"L'amore è femmina" |213 |9 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |Ott Lepland |"Kuula" |230 |6 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |Tooji |"Stay" |40 |26 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13 |{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} |Sabina Babayeva |"When the Music Dies" |269 |4 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania]] |Mandinga |"Zaleilah" |170 |12 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]] |Soluna Samay |"Should've Known Better" |69 |23 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |16 |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |Eleftheria Eleftheriou |"Aphrodisiac" |149 |15 |- style="font-weight:bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:gold" |17 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |[[Loreen]] |"[[Euphoria (Loreen song)|Euphoria]]" |639 |1 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |18 |{{Flag|Turkey}} |Can Bonomo |"Love Me Back" |226 |7 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |19 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |Pastora Soler |"Quédate conmigo" |199 |10 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |20 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |Roman Lob |"Standing Still" |223 |8 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |21 |{{Flagicon|Malta}} [[Malta]] |Kurt Calleja |"This is the Night" |80 |22 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |22 |{{Flag|Macedonia}} |Kaliopi |"Crno i belo" |148 |16 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |23 |{{Flagicon|Ireland}} [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] |[[Jedward]] |"Waterline" |103 |19 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |24 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |Željko Joksimović |"Nije ljubav stvar" |384 |3 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |25 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |Gaitana |"Be My Guest" |162 |13 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |26 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |[[Pasha Parfeni]] |"Lăutar" |179 |11 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! rowspan="2" |Place ! colspan="2" |Combined ! colspan="2" |Jury vote ! colspan="2" |Televote |- !Country !Points !Country !Points !Country !Points |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1''' |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |639 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |296 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |343 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''2''' |{{Flag|Russia}} |426 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |173 |{{Flag|Russia}} |332 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |384 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |157 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |211 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''4''' |{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} |269 |{{Flag|Italy}} |157 |{{Flag|Turkey}} |176 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''5''' |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |263 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |154 |{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} |151 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''6''' |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |230 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |152 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |125 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''7''' |{{Flag|Turkey}} |226 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |125 |{{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania]] |117 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''8''' |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |223 |{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} |118 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |106 |- !9 |{{Flag|Italy}} |213 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |104 |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |89 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''10''' |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |199 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |98 |{{Flagicon|Ireland}} [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] |89 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''11''' |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |179 |{{Flag|Russia}} |94 |{{Flag|Macedonia}} |79 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''12''' |{{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania]] |170 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |85 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |78 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''13''' |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |162 |{{Flag|France}} |85 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |75 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''14''' |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |150 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |82 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |68 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |149 |{{Flag|Bosnia & Herzegovina}} |71 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |63 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flag|Macedonia}} |148 |{{Flagicon|Malta}} [[Malta]] |70 |{{Flag|Bosnia & Herzegovina}} |57 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''17''' |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |148 |{{Flag|Macedonia}} |69 |{{Flag|Italy}} |56 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''18''' |{{Flag|Bosnia & Herzegovina}} |128 |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |60 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |45 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''19''' |{{Flagicon|Ireland}} [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] |103 |{{Flagicon|Iceland}} [[Iceland]] |53 |{{Flagicon|Iceland}} [[Iceland]] |39 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''20''' |{{Flagicon|Iceland}} [[Iceland]] |92 |{{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania]] |53 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |37 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''21''' |{{Flag|France}} |85 |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]] |51 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |36 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''22''' |{{Flagicon|Malta}} [[Malta]] |80 |{{Flag|Turkey}} |50 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |20 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''23''' |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]] |69 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |30 |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]] |18 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''24''' |{{Flag|Hungary}} |50 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |24 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |16 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''25''' |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |47 |{{Flagicon|Ireland}} [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] |14 |{{Flagicon|Malta}} [[Malta]] |10 |- !26 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |40 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |11 |{{Flag|France}} |0 |} === 2015 === {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" !{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} !Country !Artist !Song !Points !Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1''' |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |Maraaya |"Here for You" |75 |18th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''2''' |{{Flag|France}} |Lisa Angell |"N'oubliez pas" |28 |26th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |Nadav Guedj |"Golden Boy" |184 |9th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''4''' |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |Elina Born & Stig Rästa |"Goodbye to Yesterday" |200 |8th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''5''' |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |Electro Velvet |"Still in Love with You" |19 |27th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''6''' |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |Genealogy |"Face the Shadow" |95 |14th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''7''' |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |[[Monika Linkytė]] & Vaidas Baumila |"This Time" |85 |17th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''8''' |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |Bojana Stamenov |"Beauty Never Lies" |120 |10th |- !9 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |Mørland & Debrah Scarlett |"A Monster Like Me" |206 |7th |- style="font-weight:bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:gold" |10 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |[[Måns Zelmerlöw]] |"Heroes" |642 |1st |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''11''' |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |John Karayiannis |"One Thing I Should Have Done" |71 |19th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''12''' |{{Flag|Australia}} |[[Guy Sebastian]] |"Tonight Again" |356 |5th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''13''' |{{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]] |Loïc Nottet |"Rhythm Inside" |382 |4th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''14''' |{{Flag|Austria}} |The Makemakes |"I Am Yours" |40 |23rd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |Maria Elena Kyriako |"One Last Breath" |53 |20th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flag|Montenegro}} |Knez |"Adio" |82 |16th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''17''' |{{Flag|Germany}} |Ann Sophie |"Black Smoke" |29 |25th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''18''' |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |Monika Kuszyńska |"In the Name of Love" |49 |22nd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''19''' |{{Flagicon|Latvia}} [[Latvia]] |Aminita |"Love Injected" |349 |6th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''20''' |{{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania]] |Voltaj |"De la capăt" |90 |15th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''21''' |{{Flag|Spain}} |Edurne |"Amanecer" |34 |24th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''22''' |{{Flag|Hungary}} |Boggie |"Wars for Nothing" |50 |21st |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''23''' |{{Flagicon|Georgia}} [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] |Mina Sublatti |"Warrior" |113 |12th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''24''' |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |Elnur Hüseynov |"Hour of the Wolf" |96 |13th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''25''' |{{Flag|Russia}} |[[Polina Gagarina]] |"A Million Voices" |533 |3rd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''26''' |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |Elhaida Dani |"I'm Alive" |119 |11th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''27''' |{{Flag|Italy}} |Il Volo |"Grande amore" |550 |2nd |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! rowspan="2" |Place ! colspan="2" |Combined ! colspan="2" |Jury vote ! colspan="2" |Televote |- !Country !Points !Country !Points !Country !Points |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1''' |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |642 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |363 |{{Flag|Italy}} |366 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''2''' |{{Flag|Italy}} |550 |{{Flagicon|Latvia}} [[Latvia]] |249 |{{Flag|Russia}} |286 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flag|Russia}} |533 |{{Flag|Russia}} |247 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |279 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''4''' |{{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]] |382 |{{Flag|Australia}} |224 |{{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]] |195 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''5''' |{{Flag|Australia}} |356 |{{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]] |187 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |144 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''6''' |{{Flagicon|Latvia}} [[Latvia]] |349 |{{Flag|Italy}} |184 |{{Flag|Australia}} |132 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''7''' |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |206 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |163 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |104 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''8''' |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |200 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |80 |{{Flagicon|Latvia}} [[Latvia]] |100 |- !9 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |184 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |63 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |93 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''10''' |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |120 |{{Flagicon|Georgia}} [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] |62 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |86 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''11''' |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |119 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |56 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |77 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''12''' |{{Flagicon|Georgia}} [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] |113 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |48 |{{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania]] |69 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''13''' |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |96 |{{Flag|Montenegro}} |48 |{{Flagicon|Georgia}} [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] |51 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''14''' |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |95 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |48 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |48 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania]] |90 |{{Flag|Austria}} |40 |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |47 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flag|Montenegro}} |82 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |34 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |44 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''17''' |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |75 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |31 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |43 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''18''' |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |75 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |29 |{{Flag|Montenegro}} |34 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''19''' |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |71 |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |29 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |27 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''20''' |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |53 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |26 |{{Flag|Spain}} |26 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''21''' |{{Flag|Hungary}} |50 |{{Flag|France}} |24 |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |24 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''22''' |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |49 |{{Flag|Germany}} |24 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |21 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''23''' |{{Flag|Austria}} |40 |{{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania]] |21 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |8 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''24''' |{{Flag|Spain}} |34 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |18 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |7 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''25''' |{{Flag|Germany}} |29 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |12 |{{Flag|Germany}} |5 |- !26 |{{Flag|France}} |28 |{{Flag|Spain}} |8 |{{Flag|France}} |4 |- !27 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |19 |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |2 |{{Flag|Austria}} |0 |} === 2016 === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- !{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} !Country !Artist !Song !Points !Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flag|Belgium}} |Laura Tesoro |"What's the Pressure?" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flag|Czech Republic}} |Gabriela Gunčíková |"I Stand" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |Douwe Bob |"Slow Down" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |Samra |"Miracle" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |Freddie |"Pioneer" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |Francesca Michielin |"No Degree of Separation" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |Hovi Star |"Made of Stars" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |Poli Genova |"If Love Was a Crime" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |Frans |"If I Were Sorry" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |Jamie-Lee |"Ghost" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |Amir |"J'ai cherché" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12 |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |Michał Szpak |"Color of Your Life" | | |- style="font-weight:bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:gold" |13 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |[[Dami Im]] |"Sound of Silence" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flag|Cyprus}} |Minus One |"Alter Ego" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |Sanja Vučić Zaa |"Goodbye" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |16 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |Donny Montell |"I've Been Waiting for This Night" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |17 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |Nina Kraljić |"Lighthouse" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |18 |{{Flag|Russia}} |[[Sergey Lazarev]] |"You Are the Only One" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |19 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |Barei |"Say Yay" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |20 |{{Flagicon|Latvia}} [[Latvia]] |Justs |"Heartbeat" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |21 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |[[Jamala]] |"1944" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |22 |{{Flag|Malta}} |Ira Losco |"Walk on Water" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |23 |{{Flagicon|Georgia}} [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] |Nika & Young Lolitaz |"Midnight Gold" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |24 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |Zoë |"Loin d'ici" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |25 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |Joe & Jake |"You're Not Alone" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |26 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |Iveta Mukuchyan |"Love Wave" | | |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! rowspan="2" |Place ! colspan="2" |Combined ! colspan="2" |Jury vote ! colspan="2" |Televote |- !Country !Points !Country !Points !Country !Points |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1''' |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |329 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |197 |{{Flag|Russia}} |225 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''2''' |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |307 |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |113 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |216 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flag|Russia}} |289 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |113 |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |149 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''4''' |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |195 |{{Flag|Malta}} |97 |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |123 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''5''' |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |191 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |90 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |110 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''6''' |{{Flag|Armenia}} |182 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |81 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |101 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''7''' |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |154 |{{Flag|Belgium}} |73 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |78 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''8''' |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |141 |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |72 |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |78 |- !9 |{{Flag|Malta}} |113 |{{Flagicon|Georgia}} [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] |69 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |72 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''10''' |{{Flag|Belgium}} |107 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |69 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |45 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''11''' |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |105 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |65 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |41 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''12''' |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |101 |{{Flag|Russia}} |64 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |40 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''13''' |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |99 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |53 |{{Flag|Cyprus}} |37 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''14''' |{{Flagicon|Georgia}} [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] |93 |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |50 |{{Flag|Belgium}} |34 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flag|Hungary}} |81 |{{Flagicon|Latvia}} [[Latvia]] |47 |{{Flagicon|Latvia}} [[Latvia]] |32 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |80 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |45 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |26 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''17''' |{{Flagicon|Latvia}} [[Latvia]] |79 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |39 |{{Flagicon|Georgia}} [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] |24 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''18''' |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |79 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |36 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |20 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''19''' |{{Flag|Cyprus}} |61 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |28 |{{Flag|Malta}} |16 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''20''' |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |61 |{{Flag|Czech Republic}} |25 |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |11 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''21''' |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |53 |{{Flag|Cyprus}} |24 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |11 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''22''' |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |33 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |22 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |8 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''23''' |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |29 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |21 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |5 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''24''' |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |26 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |9 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |4 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''25''' |{{Flag|Czech Republic}} |25 |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |7 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |2 |- !26 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |3 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |1 |{{Flag|Czech Republic}} |0 |} === 2017 === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- !{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} !Country !Artist !Song !Points !Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |Imri |"I Feel Alive" |22 |19th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |Kasia Moś |"Flashlight" |15 |22nd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flag|Belarus}} |Naviband |"Story of My Life" |42 |14th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |Nathan Trent |"Running on Air" |9 |23rd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |Artsvik |"Fly with Me" |21 |20th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |OG3NE |"Light & Shadows" |73 |10th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |Sunstroke Project |"Hey Mamma" |214 |5th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |Joci Pápai |"Origo" |101 |8th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9 |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |Francesco Gabbani |"Occidentali's Karma" |178 |6th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flag|Denmark}} |Anja |"Where I Am" |15 |21st |- style="font-weight:bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:gold" |11 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |[[Salvador Sobral]] |"Amar pelos dois" |417 |1st |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |Dihaj |"Skeletons" |52 |13th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |Jacques Houdek |"My Friend" |40 |15th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |Isaiah |"Don't Come Easy" |60 |12th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |Demy |"This is Love" |39 |16th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |16 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |Manel Navarro |"Do It For Your Lover" |2 |26th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |17 |{{Flag|Norway}} |Jowst |"Grab the Moment" |72 |11th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |18 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |Lucie Jones |"Never Give Up On You" |34 |18th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |19 |{{Flag|Cyprus}} |Hovig |"Gravity" |37 |17th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |20 |{{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania]] |Ilinca & Alex Florea |"Yodel It" |115 |7th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |21 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |Levina |"Perfect Life" |2 |25th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |22 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |O. Torvald |"Time" |7 |24th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |23 |{{Flag|Belgium}} |Blanche |"City Lights" |216 |4th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |24 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |Robert Bengtsson |"I Can't Go On" |226 |3rd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |25 |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |Kristian Kostov |"Beautiful Mess" |352 |2nd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |26 |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |Alma |"Requiem" |84 |9th |} === 2018 === {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" !{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} !Country !Artist !Song !Points !Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |Mélovin |"Under the Ladder" |142 |17th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flag|Spain}} |Amaia & Alfred |"Tu canción" |46 |25th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |Lea Sirk |"Hvala, ne!" |64 |22nd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |Ieva Zasimauskaitė |"When We're Old" |157 |13th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |Cesár Sampson |"Nobody but You" |324 |6th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |[[Elina Nechayeva]] |"La forza" |373 |3rd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |[[Alexander Rybak]] |"That's How You Write A Song" |184 |11th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |Cláudia Pascoal & Isaura |"O jardim" |39 |26th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |[[SuRie]] |"Storm" |85 |20th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |Sanja Ilić & Balkanika |"Nova deca" |98 |19th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flag|Germany}} |Michael Schulte |"You Let Me Walk Alone" |340 |5th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |Eugent Bushpepa |"Mall" |149 |16th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13 |{{Flag|France}} |Madame Monsieur |"Mercy" |173 |12th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flag|Czechia}} |Mikolas Josef |"Lie to Me" |341 |4th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]] |Rasmussen |"Higher Ground" |226 |8th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |16 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |[[Jessica Mauboy]] |"We Got Love" |52 |24th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |17 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |[[Saara Aalto]] |"Monsters" |61 |23rd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |18 |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |Equinox |"Bones" |156 |14th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |19 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |DoReDoS |"My Lucky Day" |209 |9th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |20 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |[[Benjamin Ingrosso]] |"Dance You Off" |204 |10th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |21 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |AWS |"Viszlát nyár" |76 |21st |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |22 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |[[Netta Barzilai]] |"Toy" |460 |2nd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |23 |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]] |Waylon |"Outlaw in 'Em" |106 |18th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |24 |{{Flagicon|Ireland}} [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] |Ryan O'Shaughnessy |"Together" |151 |15th |- style="font-weight:bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:gold" |25 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |[[Eleni Foureira]] |"Fuego" |465 |1st |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |26 |{{Flag|Italy}} |Ermal & Fabrizio |"Non mi avete fatto niente" |308 |7th |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! rowspan="2" |Place ! colspan="2" |Combined ! colspan="2" |Jury vote ! colspan="2" |Televote |- !Country !Points !Country !Points !Country !Points |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1''' |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |465 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |271 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |317 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''2''' |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |460 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |253 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |253 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |373 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |212 |{{Flag|Italy}} |249 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''4''' |{{Flag|Czechia}} |341 |{{Flag|Germany}} |204 |{{Flag|Czechia}} |215 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''5''' |{{Flag|Germany}} |340 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |183 |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]] |188 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''6''' |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |324 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |143 |{{Flag|Germany}} |136 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''7''' |{{Flag|Italy}} |308 |{{Flag|Czechia}} |126 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |119 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''8''' |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]] |226 |{{Flag|France}} |114 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |115 |- !9 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |209 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |100 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |102 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''10''' |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |204 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |94 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |91 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''11''' |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |184 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |90 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |84 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''12''' |{{Flag|France}} |173 |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |90 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |75 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''13''' |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |157 |{{Flagicon|Ireland}} [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] |89 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |71 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''14''' |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |156 |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]] |74 |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |66 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flagicon|Ireland}} [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] |151 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |66 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |65 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |149 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |60 |{{Flagicon|Ireland}} [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] |62 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''17''' |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |142 |{{Flag|Italy}} |59 |{{Flag|France}} |59 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''18''' |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]] |106 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |43 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |58 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''19''' |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |98 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |41 |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]] |32 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''20''' |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |85 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |38 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |25 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''21''' |{{Flag|Hungary}} |76 |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]] |38 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |23 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''22''' |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |64 |{{Flag|Spain}} |28 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |23 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''23''' |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |61 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |23 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |21 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''24''' |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |52 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |23 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |18 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''25''' |{{Flag|Spain}} |46 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |21 |{{Flag|Spain}} |18 |- !26 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |39 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |11 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |9 |} === 2019 === {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" !{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} !Country !Artist !Song !Points !Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flag|Malta}} |Michela |"Chameleon" |88 |16th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |Jonida Maliqi |"Ktheju tokës" |66 |20th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flag|Czechia}} |Lake Malawi |"Friend of a Friend" |177 |11th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flag|Germany}} |Sisters |"Sister" |24 |24th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flag|Russia}} |[[Sergey Lazarev]] |"Scream" |362 |5th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]] |Leonora |"Love is Forever" |124 |13th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |Serhat |"Say Na Na Na" |65 |21st |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flag|North Macedonia}} |Tamara Todevska |"Proud" |305 |7th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |[[John Lundvik]] |"Too Late for Love" |295 |8th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |Zala & Gasper |"Sebi" |85 |17th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |Tamta |"Replay" |102 |15th |- style="font-weight:bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:gold" |12 |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]] |[[Duncan Laurence]] |"Arcade" |498 |1st |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13 |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |Katerine Duska |"Better Love" |82 |18th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |Kobi Marimi |"Home" |15 |26th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |Keiino |"Spirit in the Sky" |331 |6th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |16 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |Michael Rice |"Bigger Than Us" |21 |25th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |17 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |Hatari |"Hatrið mun sigra" |214 |10th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |18 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |Victor Crone |"Storm" |105 |14th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |19 |{{Flag|Belarus}} |Zena |"Like It" |36 |23rd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |20 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |Chingiz |"Truth" |252 |9th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |21 |{{Flag|France}} |[[Bilal Hassani]] |"Roi" |135 |12th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |22 |{{Flag|Italy}} |[[Mahmood (singer)|Mahmood]] |"Soldi" |472 |2nd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |23 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |Nevena Božović |"Kruna" |78 |19th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |24 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |Luca Hänni |"She Got Me" |397 |3rd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |25 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |Kate Miller-Heidke |"Zero Gravity" |372 |4th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |26 |{{Flag|Spain}} |Miki |"La venda" |55 |22nd |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! rowspan="2" |Place ! colspan="2" |Combined ! colspan="2" |Jury vote ! colspan="2" |Televote |- !Country !Points !Country !Points !Country !Points |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1''' |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]] |498 |{{Flag|North Macedonia}} |247 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |291 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''2''' |{{Flag|Italy}} |472 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |241 |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]] |261 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |397 |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]] |237 |{{Flag|Italy}} |253 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''4''' |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |372 |{{Flag|Italy}} |219 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |244 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''5''' |{{Flag|Russia}} |362 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |202 |{{Flag|Russia}} |212 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''6''' |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |331 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |153 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |186 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''7''' |{{Flag|North Macedonia}} |305 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |152 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |131 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''8''' |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |295 |{{Flag|Russia}} |150 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |100 |- !9 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |252 |{{Flag|Czechia}} |126 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |93 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''10''' |{{Flag|Iceland}} |214 |{{Flag|France}} |87 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |65 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''11''' |{{Flag|Czechia}} |177 |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]] |77 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |59 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''12''' |{{Flag|France}} |135 |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |69 |{{Flag|North Macedonia}} |58 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''13''' |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]] |124 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |67 |{{Flag|Spain}} |54 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''14''' |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |105 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |50 |{{Flag|Malta}} |53 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |102 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |46 |{{Flag|Czechia}} |51 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flag|Malta}} |88 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |46 |{{Flag|France}} |48 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''17''' |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |85 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |43 |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]] |47 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''18''' |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |82 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |40 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |38 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''19''' |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |78 |{{Flag|Malta}} |35 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |35 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''20''' |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |66 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |28 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |32 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''21''' |{{Flag|San Marino}} |65 |{{Flag|Germany}} |24 |{{Flag|Belarus}} |24 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''22''' |{{Flag|Spain}} |55 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |18 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |20 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''23''' |{{Flag|Belarus}} |36 |{{Flag|Belarus}} |12 |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |13 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''24''' |{{Flag|Germany}} |24 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |8 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |7 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''25''' |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |21 |{{Flag|Spain}} |1 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |3 |- !26 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |15 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |0 |{{Flag|Germany}} |0 |} === 2021 === {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" !{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} !Country !Artist !Song !Points !Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |Elena Tsagrinou |"El Diablo" |57 |21st |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |Anxhela Peristeri |"Karma" |50 |22nd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |Eden Alene |"Set Me Free" |93 |17th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flag|Belgium}} |Hooverphonic |"The Wrong Place" |74 |19th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flag|Russia}} |Manizha |"Russian Woman" |162 |10th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flag|Malta}} |Destiny |"Je me casse" |255 |6th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |The Black Mamba |"Love is on My Side" |131 |13th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |Hurricane |"Loco Loco" |114 |15th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |James Newman |"Embers" |0 |26th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |Stefania |"Last Dance" |202 |9th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |Gjon's Tears |"Tout l'univers" |457 |3rd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |Daði og Gagnamagnið |"Ten Years" |416 |4th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13 |{{Flag|Spain}} |Blas Cantó |"Voy a quedarme" |6 |24th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |Natalia Gordienko |"Sugar" |78 |18th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flag|Germany}} |Jendrik |"I Don't Feel Hate" |3 |25th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |16 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |Blind Channel |"Dark Side" |220 |7th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |17 |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |Victoria |"Growing Up is Getting Old" |156 |11th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |18 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |The Roop |"Discoteque" |215 |8th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |19 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |Go_A |"Shum" |364 |5th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |20 |{{Flag|France}} |Barbara Pravi |"Voilà" |499 |2nd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |21 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |Efendi |"Mata Hari" |66 |20th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |22 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |Tix |"Fallen Angel" |113 |16th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |23 |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]] |Jeangu Macrooy |"Birth of a New Age" |11 |23rd |- style="font-weight:bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:gold" |24 |{{Flag|Italy}} |[[Måneskin]] |"Zitti e buoni" |524 |1st |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |25 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |Tusse |"Voices" |124 |14th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |26 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |Senhit & [[Flo Rida]] |"Adrenalina" |146 |12th |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! rowspan="2" |Place ! colspan="2" |Combined ! colspan="2" |Jury vote ! colspan="2" |Televote |- !Country !Points !Country !Points !Country !Points |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1''' |{{Flag|Italy}} |524 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |267 |{{Flag|Italy}} |318 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''2''' |{{Flag|France}} |499 |{{Flag|France}} |248 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |267 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |457 |{{Flag|Malta}} |208 |{{Flag|France}} |251 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''4''' |{{Flag|Iceland}} |416 |{{Flag|Italy}} |206 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |218 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''5''' |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |364 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |198 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |190 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''6''' |{{Flag|Malta}} |255 |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |140 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |165 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''7''' |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |220 |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |126 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |165 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''8''' |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |215 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |104 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |100 |- !9 |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |202 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |97 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |82 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''10''' |{{Flag|Russia}} |162 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |91 |{{Flag|Russia}} |79 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''11''' |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |156 |{{Flag|Russia}} |83 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |63 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''12''' |{{Flag|San Marino}} |146 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |73 |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |62 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''13''' |{{Flag|Portugal}} |131 |{{Flag|Belgium}} |71 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |60 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''14''' |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |124 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |55 |{{Flag|Malta}} |47 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |114 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |53 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |44 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |113 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |50 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |35 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''17''' |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |93 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |46 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |33 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''18''' |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |78 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |37 |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |30 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''19''' |{{Flag|Belgium}} |74 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |32 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |27 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''20''' |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |64 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |22 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |20 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''21''' |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |57 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |20 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |13 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''22''' |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |50 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |15 |{{Flag|Belgium}} |3 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''23''' |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]] |11 |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]] |11 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |0 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''24''' |{{Flag|Spain}} |6 |{{Flag|Spain}} |6 |{{Flag|Spain}} |0 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''25''' |{{Flag|Germany}} |3 |{{Flag|Germany}} |3 |{{Flag|Germany}} |0 |- !26 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |0 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |0 |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]] |0 |} === 2022 === {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" !{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} !Country !Artist !Song !Points !Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flag|Czech Republic}} |We Are Domi |"Lights Off" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania]] |Wrs |"Llámame" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |Maro |"Saudade, saudade" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |The Rasmus |"Jezebel" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |Marius Bear |"Boys Do Cry" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flag|France}} |Alvan & Ahez |"Fulenn" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |Subwoolfer |"Give That Wolf a Banana" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |[[Rosa Linn]] |"Snap" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9 |{{Flag|Italy}} |[[Mahmood (singer)|Mahmood]] & Blanco |"Brividi" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flag|Spain}} |Chanel |"SloMo" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]] |S10 |"D diepte" | | |- style="font-weight:bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:gold" |12 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |[[Kalush (rap group)|Kalush Orchestra]] |"Stefania" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13 |{{Flag|Germany}} |Malik Harris |"Rockstars" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |Monika Liu |"Sentimentai" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |Nadir Rustamli |"Fade to Black" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |16 |{{Flag|Belgium}} |Jérémie Makiese |"Miss You" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |17 |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |Amanda Tenfjord |"Die Together" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |18 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |Systur |"Með hækkandi sól" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |19 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |Zdob și Zdub & Advahov Bros |"Trenulețul" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |20 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |Cornelia Jakobs |"Hold Me Closer" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |21 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |Sheldon Riley |"Not the Same" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |22 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |[[Sam Ryder]] |"Space Man" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |23 |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |Ochman |"River" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |24 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |Konstrakta |"In corpore sano" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |25 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |Stefan |"Hope" | | |} === 2023 === {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" !{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} !Country !Artist !Song !Points !Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |Teya & Salena |"Who the Hell Is [[Edgar Allan Poe|Edgar]]?" |77 |21 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |Mimicat |"{{lang|pt|Ai coração|i=no}}" |59 |23 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Switzerland]] |Remo Forrer |"Watergun" |85 |20 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |Blanka |"Solo" |95 |18 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |Luke Black |"{{lang|sr-latn|Samo mi se spava|i=unset}}" |19 |26 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |La Zarra |"{{lang|fr|Évidemment|i=unset}}" |118 |15 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |Andrew Lambrou |"Break a Broken Heart" |162 |9 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |Blanca Paloma |"Eaea" |151 |11 |- style="font-weight:bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:gold" |9 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |[[Loreen (singer)|Loreen]] |"[[Tattoo (Loreen song)|Tattoo]]" |583 |1 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |Kelmendi Family |"{{lang|sq|Duje|i=unset}}" |154 |10 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |[[Marco Mengoni]] |"{{lang|it|Due vite|i=unset}}" |350 |4 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |Alika Milova |"Bridges" |172 |8 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |{{lang|fi|[[Käärijä]]|italic=no}} |"Cha Cha Cha" |503 |2 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flagicon|Czechia}} [[Czech Republic|Czechia]] |Vesna |"My Sister's Crown" |129 |12 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |Voyager |"Promise" |102 |16 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |16 |{{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]] |Gustaph |"Because of You" |185 |7 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |17 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |Brunette |"Future Lover" |122 |14 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |18 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |[[Pasha Parfeni]] |"{{lang|ro|Soarele și luna|i=unset}}" |93 |19 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |19 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |Tvorchi |"Heart of Steel" |222 |6 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |20 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |Alessandra |"Queen of Kings" |270 |5 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |21 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |Lord of the Lost |"Blood & Glitter" |27 |24 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |22 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |[[Monika Linkytė]] |"Stay" |98 |17 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |23 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |[[Noa Kirel]] |"Unicorn" |362 |3 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |24 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |Joker Out |"{{lang|la|Carpe Diem|i=unset}}" |65 |22 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |25 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |Let 3 |"{{lang|hr|Mama ŠČ!|i=unset}}" |123 |13 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |26 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |[[Mae Muller]] |"I Wrote a Song" |24 |25 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! rowspan="2" |Place ! colspan="2" |Combined ! colspan="2" |Jury vote ! colspan="2" |Televote |- !Country !Points !Country !Points !Country !Points |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1''' |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |583 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |340 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |376 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''2''' |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |503 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |177 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |243 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |362 |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |176 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |216 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''4''' |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |350 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |150 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |189 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''5''' |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |270 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |146 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |185 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''6''' |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |222 |{{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]] |130 |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |174 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''7''' |{{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]] |185 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |127 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |112 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''8''' |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |172 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |104 |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |81 |- !9 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |162 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |95 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |76 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''10''' |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |154 |{{Flagicon|Czechia}} [[Czech Republic|Czechia]] |94 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |59 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''11''' |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |151 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |81 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |58 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''12''' |{{Flagicon|Czechia}} [[Czech Republic|Czechia]] |129 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |69 |{{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]] |55 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''13''' |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |123 |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |68 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |53 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''14''' |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |122 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |61 |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |50 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |118 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |54 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |46 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |102 |{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Switzerland]] |54 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |45 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''17''' |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |98 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |52 |{{Flagicon|Czechia}} [[Czech Republic|Czechia]] |35 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''18''' |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |95 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |43 |{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Switzerland]] |31 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''19''' |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |93 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |33 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |22 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''20''' |{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Switzerland]] |85 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |20 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |21 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''21''' |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |77 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |17 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |16 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''22''' |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |65 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |15 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |16 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''23''' |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |59 |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |14 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |16 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''24''' |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |27 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |12 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |15 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''25''' |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |24 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |11 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |9 |- ! style="text-align: center;" |26 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |19 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |3 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |5 |} === 52024 === {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" !{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} !Country !Artist !Song !Points !Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |[[Marcus & Martinus]] |"Unforgettable" |174 |8 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |Alyona & Jerry Heil |"Teresa & Maria" |471 |3 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |Isaak |"Always on the Run" |101 |13 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |Tali Golergant |"Fighter" |121 |11 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |Eden Golan |"Hurricane" |364 |5 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |Silvester Belt |"Luktelk" |157 |9 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |Nebulossa |"Zorra" |30 |22 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |5miinust & Puuluup |"Narkootikumidest ei tea me midagi" |37 |21 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9 |{{Flag|Ireland}} |Bambie Thug |"Doomsday Blue" |278 |6 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |Dons |"Hollow" |74 |16 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flag|Greece}} |Marina Satti |"Zari" |117 |12 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |[[Olly Alexander]] |"Dizzy" |15 |25 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |Gåte |"Ulveham" |26 |23 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |Angelina Mango |"La noia" |250 |7 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |Teya Dora |"Ramonda" |84 |15 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |16 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |Windows95man |"No Rules!" |38 |20 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |17 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |Iolanda |"Grito" |152 |10 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |18 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |Ladaniva |"Jako" |94 |14 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |19 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |Silia Kapsis |"Liar" |59 |17 |- style="font-weight:bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:gold" |20 |{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Switzerland]] |Nemo |"The Code" |591 |1 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |21 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |Raiven |"Veronika" |46 |19 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |22 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |Baby Lasagna |"Rim Tim Tagi Dim" |547 |2 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |23 |{{Flag|Georgia}} |Nutsa Buzaladze |"Fire Fighter" |55 |18 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |24 |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |Slimane |"Mon amour" |445 |4 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |25 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |Kaleen |"We Will Rave" |24 |24 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! rowspan="2" |Place ! colspan="2" |Combined ! colspan="2" |Jury vote ! colspan="2" |Televote |- !Country !Points !Country !Points !Country !Points |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1''' |{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Switzerland]] |591 |{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Switzerland]] |365 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |337 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''2''' |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |547 |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |218 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |323 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |471 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |210 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |307 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''4''' |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |445 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |164 |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |227 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''5''' |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |364 |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |146 |{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Switzerland]] |226 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''6''' |{{Flag|Ireland}} |278 |{{Flag|Ireland}} |142 |{{Flag|Ireland}} |136 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''7''' |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |250 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |139 |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |104 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''8''' |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |174 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |125 |{{Flag|Greece}} |85 |- !9 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |157 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |101 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |82 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''10''' |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |152 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |99 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |58 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''11''' |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |121 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |83 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |49 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''12''' |{{Flag|Greece}} |117 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |52 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |44 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''13''' |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |101 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |46 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |33 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''14''' |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |94 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |41 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |32 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |84 |{{Flag|Georgia}} |36 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |31 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flag|Latvia}} |74 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |34 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |28 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''17''' |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |59 |{{Flag|Greece}} |32 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |20 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''18''' |{{Flag|Georgia}} |55 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |22 |{{Flag|Georgia}} |19 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''19''' |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |46 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |19 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |18 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''20''' |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |38 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |19 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |13 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''21''' |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |37 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |15 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |12 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''22''' |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |30 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |15 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |11 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''23''' |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |26 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |12 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |5 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''24''' |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |24 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |7 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |4 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''25''' |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |15 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |4 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |0 |} === 2025 === {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} ! scope="col" |Country ! scope="col" |Artist ! scope="col" |Song ! scope="col" |Points ! scope="col" |Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flag|Norway}} |Kyle Alessandro |"Lighter" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |Laura Thorn |"La poupée monte le son" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flag|Estonia}} |Tommy Cash |"Espresso Macchiato" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flag|Israel}} |Yuval Raphael |"New Day Will Rise" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |Katarsis |"Tavo akys" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flag|Spain}} |Melody |"Esa diva" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |Ziferblat |"Bird of Pray" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |[[Remember Monday]] |"What the Hell Just Happened?" | | |- style="font-weight: bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;background:gold" |'''9''' |{{Flag|Austria}} |[[JJ (singer)|JJ]] |"Wasted Love" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |Væb |"Róa" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |Tautumeitas |"Bur man laimi" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |[[Claude (singer)|Claude]] |"C'est la vie" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13 |{{Flag|Finland}} |[[Erika Vikman]] |"Ich komme" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flag|Italy}} |Lucio Corsi |"Volevo essere un duro" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flag|Poland}} |[[Justyna Steczkowska]] |"Gaja" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |16 |{{Flag|Germany}} |Abor & Tynna |"Baller" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |17 |{{Flag|Greece}} |Klavdia |"Asteromata" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |18 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |Parg |"Survivor" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |19 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |Zoë Më |"Voyage" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |20 |{{Flag|Malta}} |Miriana Conte |"Serving" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |21 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |Napa |"Deslocado" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |22 |{{Flag|Albania}} |Shkodra Elektronike |"Zjerm" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |23 |{{Flag|Sweden}} |[[KAJ (group)|KAJ]] |"Bara bada bastu" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |24 |{{Flag|France}} |Louane |"Maman" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |25 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |Gabry Ponte |"Tutta l'Italia" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |26 |{{Flag|Denmark}} |Sissal |"Hallucination" | | |} == if joost participated == {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" !{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} !Country !Artist !Song !Points !Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |[[Marcus & Martinus]] |"Unforgettable" |155 |10 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |Alyona & Jerry Heil |"Teresa & Maria" |414 |3 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |Isaak |"Always on the Run" |110 |12 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |Tali Golergant |"Fighter" |96 |14 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |Joost Klein |"Europapa" |359 |5 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |Eden Golan |"Hurricane" |336 |6 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |Silvester Belt |"Luktelk" |76 |15 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |Nebulossa |"Zorra" |21 |24 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |5miinust & Puuluup |"Narkootikumidest ei tea me midagi" |31 |20 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flag|Ireland}} |Bambie Thug |"Doomsday Blue" |236 |8 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |Dons |"Hollow" |54 |17 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12 |{{Flag|Greece}} |Marina Satti |"Zari" |106 |13 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |[[Olly Alexander]] |"Dizzy" |43 |19 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |Gåte |"Ulveham" |13 |26 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |Angelina Mango |"La noia" |247 |7 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |16 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |Teya Dora |"Ramonda" |49 |18 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |17 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |Windows95man |"No Rules!" |27 |22 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |18 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |Iolanda |"Grito" |145 |11 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |19 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |Ladaniva |"Jako" |156 |9 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |20 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |Silia Kapsis |"Liar" |69 |16 |- style="font-weight:bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:gold" |21 |{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Switzerland]] |Nemo |"The Code" |556 |1 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |22 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |Raiven |"Veronika" |24 |23 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |23 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |Baby Lasagna |"Rim Tim Tagi Dim" |511 |2 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |24 |{{Flag|Georgia}} |Nutsa Buzaladze |"Fire Fighter" |30 |21 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |25 |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |Slimane |"Mon amour" |407 |4 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |26 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |Kaleen |"We Will Rave" |21 |25 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! rowspan="2" |Place ! colspan="2" |Combined ! colspan="2" |Jury vote ! colspan="2" |Televote |- !Country !Points !Country !Points !Country !Points |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1''' |'''{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Switzerland]]''' |'''556''' |'''{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Switzerland]]''' |'''365''' |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |304 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''2''' |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |511 |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |214 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |301 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |414 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |207 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |285 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''4''' |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |407 |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |164 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |274 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''5''' |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |359 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |140 |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |193 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''6''' |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |336 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |135 |'''{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Switzerland]]''' |'''191''' |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''7''' |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |247 |{{Flag|Ireland}} |135 |{{Flag|Ireland}} |101 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''8''' |{{Flag|Ireland}} |236 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |119 |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |83 |- !9 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |156 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |96 |{{Flag|Greece}} |66 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''10''' |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |155 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |96 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |60 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''11''' |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |145 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |82 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |44 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''12''' |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |110 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |58 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |37 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''13''' |{{Flag|Greece}} |106 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |51 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |36 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''14''' |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |96 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |43 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |29 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |76 |{{Flag|Greece}} |40 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |28 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |69 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |34 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |21 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''17''' |{{Flag|Latvia}} |54 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |32 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |20 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''18''' |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |49 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |32 |{{Flag|Georgia}} |15 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''19''' |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |43 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |21 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |14 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''20''' |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |31 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |18 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |14 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''21''' |{{Flag|Georgia}} |30 |{{Flag|Georgia}} |15 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |10 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''22''' |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |27 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |15 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |9 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''23''' |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |24 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |15 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |6 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''24''' |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |21 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |11 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |3 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''25''' |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |21 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |6 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |2 |- !26 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |13 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |2 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |0 |} === ra === {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" !{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} !Country !Artist !Song !Points !Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |[[Marcus & Martinus]] |"Unforgettable" |49 |11 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |Alyona & Jerry Heil |"Teresa & Maria" |307 |3 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Germany]] |Isaak |"Always on the Run" |18 |19 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |Tali Golergant |"Fighter" |20 |17 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |Eden Golan |"Hurricane" |323 |2 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |Silvester Belt |"Luktelk" |58 |10 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |Nebulossa |"Zorra" |11 |22 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |5miinust & Puuluup |"Narkootikumidest ei tea me midagi" |33 |13 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9 |{{Flag|Ireland}} |Bambie Thug |"Doomsday Blue" |136 |6 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |Dons |"Hollow" |28 |16 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flag|Greece}} |Marina Satti |"Zari" |85 |8 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |[[Olly Alexander]] |"Dizzy" |0 |25 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |Gåte |"Ulveham" |4 |24 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |Angelina Mango |"La noia" |104 |7 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |Teya Dora |"Ramonda" |32 |14 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |16 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |Windows95man |"No Rules!" |31 |15 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |17 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |Iolanda |"Grito" |13 |20 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |18 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |Ladaniva |"Jako" |82 |9 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |19 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |Silia Kapsis |"Liar" |44 |12 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |20 |{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Switzerland]] |Nemo |"The Code" |226 |5 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |21 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |Raiven |"Veronika" |12 |21 |- style="font-weight:bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:gold" |22 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |Baby Lasagna |"Rim Tim Tagi Dim" |337 |1 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |23 |{{Flag|Georgia}} |Nutsa Buzaladze |"Fire Fighter" |19 |18 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |24 |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |Slimane |"Mon amour" |227 |4 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |25 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |Kaleen |"We Will Rave" |5 |23 |} == rotw == == 43international song contest == === Liverpool 2023 === {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" !{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} !Country !Artist !Song !Points !Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |Mimicat |"{{lang|pt|Ai coração|i=no}}" |36 |3rd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |Joker Out |"{{lang|la|Carpe Diem|i=unset}}" |22 |6th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |La Zarra |"{{lang|fr|Évidemment|i=unset}}" |31 |4th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |[[Pasha Parfeni]] |"{{lang|ro|Soarele și luna|i=unset}}" |7 |10th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |Blanca Paloma |"Eaea" |45 |2nd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |[[Let 3]] |"{{lang|hr|Mama ŠČ!|i=unset}}" |16 |8th |- style="font-weight:bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:gold" |7 |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |[[Marco Mengoni]] |"{{lang|it|Due vite|i=unset}}" |82 |1st |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |Mae Muller |"I Wrote a Song" |18 |7th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |Kelmendi Family |"{{lang|sq|Duje|i=unset}}" |13 |9th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |{{lang|fi|[[Käärijä]]|italic=no}} |"Cha Cha Cha" |30 |5th |} === Turin 2024 === {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} ! scope="col" |Country ! scope="col" |Artist ! scope="col" |Song ! scope="col" |Points ! scope="col" |Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |Nebulossa |"Zorra" |13 |8th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |Teya Dora |"Ramonda" |10 |9th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |Silvester Belt |"Luktelk" |22 |6th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |Iolanda |"Grito" |71 |2nd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |Gåte |"Ulveham" |6 |10th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] |[[Olly Alexander]] |"Dizzy" |17 |7th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flag|Ireland}} |Bambie Thug |"Doomsday Blue" |51 |3rd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |Raiven |"Veronika" |4 |11th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |5miinust & Puuluup |"Narkootikumidest ei tea me midagi" |3 |12th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] |Angelina Mango |"La noia" |41 |5th |- style="font-weight: bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;background:gold" |'''11''' |{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]] |Slimane |"Mon amour" |77 |1st |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |Ladaniva |"Jako" |44 |4th |} === Lille 2025 === {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} ! scope="col" |Country ! scope="col" |Artist ! scope="col" |Song ! scope="col" |Points ! scope="col" |Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |Laura Thorn |"La poupée monte le son" |7 |13th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |Katarsis |"Tavo akys" |18 |10th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |Tautemeitas |"Bur man laimi" |36 |4th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flag|Spain}} |Melody |"Esa diva" |19 |9th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |Napa |"Deslocado" |10 |11th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flag|Italy}} |Lucio Corsi |"Volevo essere un duro" |66 |3rd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |Væb |"Róa" |1 |14th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |Zoë Më |"Voyage" |67 |2nd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9 |{{Flag|Albania}} |Shkodra Elektronike |"Zjerm" |21 |8th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flag|Greece}} |Klavdia |"Asteromata" |29 |6th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flag|Malta}} |Miriana Conte |"Serving Kant" |27 |7th |- style="font-weight: bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;background:gold" |'''12''' |{{Flag|France}} |Louane |"Maman" |74 |1st |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |Gabry Ponte |"Tutta l'Italia" |8 |12th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |Remember Monday |"What the Hell Just Happened?" |31 |5th |} == Eurovision but the Big 5 are last year's top 5 == === 2025 === ==== Automatic Qualifiers ==== {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" !Country !2024 !Artist !Song !2025 |- |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |2nd |Marko Bošnjak |"Poison Cake" |24th |- |{{Flag|France}} |4th |Louane |"Maman" |7th |- |{{Flag|Israel}} |5th |Yuval Raphael |"New Day Will Rise" |2nd |- |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |1st |Zoë Më |"Voyage" |10th |- |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |3rd |Ziferblat |"Bird of Pray" |9th |} ==== Semi-Final One ==== Also voting in the semi: Croatia, Ukraine, Switzerland {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} ! scope="col" |Country ! scope="col" |Artist ! scope="col" |Song ! scope="col" |Points ! scope="col" |Place |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |1 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |Væb |"Róa" |89 |7th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |2 |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |Justyna Steczkowska |"Gaja" |93 |6th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |Klemen |"How Much Time Do We Have Left?" |21 |14th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |4 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |Tommy Cash |"Espresso Macchiato" |122 |3rd |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |5 |{{Flag|Spain}} |Melody |"Esa diva" |46 |10th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |6 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |KAJ |"Bara Bada Bastu" |130 |1st |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |7 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |Napa |"Deslocado" |47 |9th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |8 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |Kyle Alessandro |"Lighter" |75 |8th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''9''' |{{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]] |Red Sebastian |"Strobe Lights" |22 |13th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''10''' |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |Mamagama |"Run with U" |6 |16th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |11 |{{Flag|Italy}} |Lucio Corsi |"Volevo essere un duro" |115 |5th |- ! style="text-align: center;" |12 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |Gabry Ponte |"Tutta l'Italia" |38 |12th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |13 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |Shkodra Elektronique |"Zjerm" |118 |4th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |14 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |Claude |"C'est la vie" |128 |2nd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |Theo Evan |"Shh" |45 |11th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |Remember Monday |"What the Hell Just Happened?" |7 |15th |} ==== Semi-Final Two ==== Also voting in the semi: Israel, France {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} ! scope="col" |Country ! scope="col" |Artist ! scope="col" |Song ! scope="col" |Points ! scope="col" |Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |Go-Jo |"Milkshake Man" |37 |11th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flag|Montenegro}} |Nina Žižić |"Dobrodošli" |12 |16th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flag|Ireland}} |Emmy |"Laika Party" |22 |14th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |4 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |Tautemeitas |"Bur man laimi" |123 |1st |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |5 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |Parg |"Survivor" |53 |9th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |6 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |JJ |"Wasted Love" |113 |3rd |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |7 |{{Flag|Greece}} |Klavdia |"Asteromata" |109 |5th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |8 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |Katarsis |"Tavo akys" |100 |6th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |9 |{{Flag|Malta}} |Miriana Conte |"Serving" |51 |10th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flag|Georgia}} |Mariam Shengelia |"Freedom" |27 |13th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |11 |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]] |Sissal |"Hallucination" |55 |8th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12 |{{Flagicon|Czechia}} [[Czech Republic|Czechia]] |Adonxs |"Kiss Kiss Goodbye" |21 |15th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |13 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |Laura Thorn |"La poupée monte le son" |64 |7th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |14 |{{Flag|Germany}} |Abor & Tynna |"Baller" |112 |4th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |Princ |"Mila" |29 |12th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |16 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |Erika Vikman |"Ich komme" |116 |2nd |} ==== Grand Final ==== {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} ! scope="col" |Country ! scope="col" |Artist ! scope="col" |Song ! scope="col" |Points ! scope="col" |Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flag|Norway}} |Kyle Alessandro |"Lighter" |88 |18th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |Laura Thorn |"La poupée monte le son" |47 |22nd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flag|Estonia}} |Tommy Cash |"Espresso Macchiato" |364 |2nd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flag|Israel}} |Yuval Raphael |"New Day Will Rise" |360 |3rd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |Katarsis |"Tavo akys" |98 |16th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flag|Spain}} |Melody |"Esa diva" |38 |23rd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |Ziferblat |"Bird of Pray" |221 |9th |- style="font-weight: bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;background:gold" |'''8''' |{{Flag|Austria}} |[[JJ (singer)|JJ]] |"Wasted Love" |436 |1st |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |Væb |"Róa" |32 |25th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |Tautumeitas |"Bur man laimi" |165 |13th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |[[Claude (singer)|Claude]] |"C'est la vie" |177 |12th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12 |{{Flag|Finland}} |[[Erika Vikman]] |"Ich komme" |200 |11th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13 |{{Flag|Italy}} |Lucio Corsi |"Volevo essere un duro" |261 |5th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flag|Poland}} |[[Justyna Steczkowska]] |"Gaja" |156 |15th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flag|Germany}} |Abor & Tynna |"Baller" |158 |14th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |16 |{{Flag|Greece}} |Klavdia |"Asteromata" |236 |6th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |17 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |Parg |"Survivor" |72 |19th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |18 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |Zoë Më |"Voyage" |219 |10th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |19 |{{Flag|Malta}} |Miriana Conte |"Serving" |96 |17th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |20 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |Marko Bošnjak |"Poison Cake" |37 |24th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |21 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |Napa |"Deslocado" |53 |20th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |22 |{{Flag|Albania}} |Shkodra Elektronike |"Zjerm" |223 |8th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |23 |{{Flag|Sweden}} |[[KAJ (group)|KAJ]] |"Bara bada bastu" |328 |4th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |24 |{{Flag|France}} |Louane |"Maman" |234 |7th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |25 |{{Flag|Denmark}} |Sissal |"Hallucination" |51 |21st |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! rowspan="2" |Place ! colspan="2" |Combined ! colspan="2" |Jury vote ! colspan="2" |Televote |- !Country !Points !Country !Points !Country !Points |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1''' |{{Flag|Austria}} |436 |{{Flag|Austria}} |258 |{{Flag|Israel}} |297 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''2''' |{{Flag|Estonia}} |364 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |219 |{{Flag|Estonia}} |258 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flag|Israel}} |360 |{{Flag|France}} |184 |{{Flag|Sweden}} |198 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''4''' |{{Flag|Sweden}} |328 |{{Flag|Italy}} |165 |{{Flag|Austria}} |178 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''5''' |{{Flag|Italy}} |261 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |134 |{{Flag|Albania}} |174 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''6''' |{{Flag|Greece}} |236 |{{Flag|Sweden}} |130 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |158 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''7''' |{{Flag|France}} |234 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |123 |{{Flag|Poland}} |140 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''8''' |{{Flag|Albania}} |223 |{{Flag|Greece}} |109 |{{Flag|Greece}} |127 |- !9 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |221 |{{Flag|Estonia}} |106 |{{Flag|Finland}} |108 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''10''' |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |219 |{{Flag|Finland}} |92 |{{Flag|Italy}} |96 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''11''' |{{Flag|Finland}} |200 |{{Flag|Malta}} |88 |{{Flag|Germany}} |74 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''12''' |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |177 |{{Flag|Germany}} |84 |{{Flag|Norway}} |66 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''13''' |{{Flag|Latvia}} |165 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |63 |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |62 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''14''' |{{Flag|Germany}} |158 |{{Flag|Israel}} |63 |{{Flag|France}} |50 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flag|Poland}} |156 |{{Flag|Albania}} |49 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |43 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |98 |{{Flag|Denmark}} |49 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |42 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''17''' |{{Flag|Malta}} |96 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |42 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |32 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''18''' |{{Flag|Norway}} |88 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |40 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |30 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''19''' |{{Flag|Armenia}} |72 |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |36 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |24 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''20''' |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |53 |{{Flag|Spain}} |28 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |14 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''21''' |{{Flag|Denmark}} |51 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |23 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |13 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''22''' |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |47 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |23 |{{Flag|Spain}} |10 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''23''' |{{Flag|Spain}} |38 |{{Flag|Norway}} |22 |{{Flag|Malta}} |8 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''24''' |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |37 |{{Flag|Poland}} |16 |{{Flag|Denmark}} |2 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''25''' |{{Flag|Iceland}} |32 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |0 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |0 |} (belgium and spanish jury swapped Germany and Poland, and Ukraine and Albania points to avoid tie) == 2007 == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! rowspan="2" |Place ! colspan="2" |Combined ! colspan="2" |Jury vote ! colspan="2" |Televote |- !Country !Points !Country !Points !Country !Points |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1''' |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |449 |{{Flag|Germany}} |263 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |268 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''2''' |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |402 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |228 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |235 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flag|Russia}} |372 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |214 |{{Flag|Russia}} |207 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''4''' |{{Flag|Hungary}} |356 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |198 |{{Flag|Turkey}} |163 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''5''' |{{Flag|Belarus}} |327 |{{Flag|Belarus}} |182 |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |157 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''6''' |{{Flag|Germany}} |312 |{{Flag|Russia}} |165 |{{Flag|Belarus}} |145 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''7''' |{{Flag|Latvia}} |252 |{{Flag|Georgia}} |150 |{{Flag|Greece}} |139 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''8''' |{{Flag|Georgia}} |247 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |134 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |138 |- !9 |{{Flag|Greece}} |216 |{{Flag|Macedonia}} |123 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |128 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''10''' |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |206 |{{Flag|Sweden}} |108 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |109 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''11''' |{{Flag|Macedonia}} |196 |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] |97 |{{Flag|Bosnia & Herzegovina}} |106 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''12''' |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |195 |{{Flag|Bosnia & Herzegovina}} |86 |{{Flag|Georgia}} |97 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''13''' |{{Flag|Bosnia & Herzegovina}} |192 |{{Flag|Greece}} |77 |{{Flag|Romania}} |84 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''14''' |{{Flag|Turkey}} |175 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |66 |{{Flag|Macedonia}} |73 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flag|Armenia}} |160 |{{Flag|Spain}} |59 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |66 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flag|Sweden}} |159 |{{Flag|France}} |47 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |54 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''17''' |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |132 |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |38 |{{Flag|Finland}} |53 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''18''' |{{Flag|Spain}} |102 |{{Flag|Finland}} |29 |{{Flag|Sweden}} |51 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''19''' |{{Flag|Romania}} |86 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |22 |{{Flag|Germany}} |49 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''20''' |{{Flag|Finland}} |82 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |17 |{{Flag|Spain}} |43 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''21''' |{{Flag|France}} |66 |{{Flag|Turkey}} |12 |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |28 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''22''' |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |36 |{{Flag|Ireland}} |8 |{{Flag|France}} |19 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''23''' |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |32 |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |4 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |19 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''24''' |{{Flag|Ireland}} |13 |{{Flag|Romania}} |2 |{{Flag|Ireland}} |5 |} == 2025 predic == === Semi 1 === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} ! scope="col" |Country ! scope="col" |Artist ! scope="col" |Song ! scope="col" |Result ! scope="col" |No. |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |1 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |Væb |"Róa" |Advanced |8th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |2 |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |Justyna Steczkowska |"Gaja" |Advanced |7th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |Klemen |"How Much Time Do We Have Left?" |Eliminated |13th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |4 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |Tommy Cash |"Espresso Macchiato" |Advanced |3rd |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |5 |{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraine]] |Ziferblat |"Bird of Pray" |Advanced |6th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |6 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |KAJ |"Bara Bada Bastu" |Advanced |1st |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |7 |{{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |Napa |"Deslocado" |Advanced |10th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |8 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |Kyle Alessandro |"Lighter" |Advanced |4th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9 |{{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]] |Red Sebastian |"Strobe Lights" |Eliminated |11th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |Mamagama |"Run with U" |Eliminated |15th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |11 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |Gabry Ponte |"Tutta l'Italia" |Advanced |9th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |12 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |Shkodra Elektronique |"Zjerm" |Advanced |2nd |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |13 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |Claude |"C'est la vie" |Advanced |5th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia]] |Marko Bošnjak |"Poison Cake" |Eliminated |14th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |Theo Evan |"Shh" |Eliminated |12th |} === Semi 2 === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} ! scope="col" |Country ! scope="col" |Artist ! scope="col" |Song ! scope="col" |Result ! scope="col" |No. |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |1 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |Go-Jo |"Milkshake Man" |Advanced |4th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flag|Montenegro}} |Nina Žižić |"Dobrodošli" |Eliminated |12th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flag|Ireland}} |Emmy |"Laika Party" |Eliminated |13th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |4 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |Tautemeitas |"Bur man laimi" |Advanced |10th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |Parg |"Survivor" |Eliminated |14th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |6 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |JJ |"Wasted Love" |Advanced |3rd |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |7 |{{Flag|Greece}} |Klavdia |"Asteromata" |Advanced |7th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |Katarsis |"Tavo akys" |Eliminated |11th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |9 |{{Flag|Malta}} |Miriana Conte |"Serving" |Advanced |5th |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flag|Georgia}} |Mariam Shengelia |"Freedom" |Eliminated |16th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |11 |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]] |Sissal |"Hallucination" |Advanced |9th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |12 |{{Flagicon|Czechia}} [[Czech Republic|Czechia]] |Adonxs |"Kiss Kiss Goodbye" |Advanced |6th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |13 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |Laura Thorn |"La poupée monte le son" |Advanced |8th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |14 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |Yuval Raphael |"A New Day Will Rise" |Advanced |2nd |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |Princ |"Mila" |Eliminated |15th |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |16 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |Erika Vikman |"Ich komme" |Advanced |1st |} === Final === {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} ! scope="col" |Country ! scope="col" |Artist ! scope="col" |Song ! scope="col" |Points ! scope="col" |Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flag|Norway}} |Kyle Alessandro |"Lighter" |127 |14 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |Laura Thorn |"La poupée monte le son" |47 |23 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flag|Estonia}} |Tommy Cash |"Espresso Macchiato" |324 |3 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flag|Israel}} |Yuval Raphael |"New Day Will Rise" |318 |5 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |Katarsis |"Tavo akys" |84 |19 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flag|Spain}} |Melody |"Esa diva" |63 |21 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |Ziferblat |"Bird of Pray" |216 |9 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |[[Remember Monday]] |"What the Hell Just Happened?" |90 |18 |- style="font-weight: bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;background:gold" |'''9''' |{{Flag|Austria}} |[[JJ (singer)|JJ]] |"Wasted Love" |436 |1 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |Væb |"Róa" |33 |25 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |Tautumeitas |"Bur man laimi" |158 |12 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |[[Claude (singer)|Claude]] |"C'est la vie" |209 |10 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13 |{{Flag|Finland}} |[[Erika Vikman]] |"Ich komme" |261 |6 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flag|Italy}} |Lucio Corsi |"Volevo essere un duro" |230 |8 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flag|Poland}} |[[Justyna Steczkowska]] |"Gaja" |117 |15 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |16 |{{Flag|Germany}} |Abor & Tynna |"Baller" |111 |16 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |17 |{{Flag|Greece}} |Klavdia |"Asteromata" |147 |13 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |18 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |Parg |"Survivor" |72 |20 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |19 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |Zoë Më |"Voyage" |180 |11 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |20 |{{Flag|Malta}} |Miriana Conte |"Serving" |101 |17 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |21 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |Napa |"Deslocado" |42 |24 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |22 |{{Flag|Albania}} |Shkodra Elektronike |"Zjerm" |236 |7 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |23 |{{Flag|Sweden}} |[[KAJ (group)|KAJ]] |"Bara bada bastu" |321 |4 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |24 |{{Flag|France}} |Louane |"Maman" |340 |2 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |25 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |Gabry Ponte |"Tutta l'Italia" |17 |26 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |26 |{{Flag|Denmark}} |Sissal |"Hallucination" |55 |22 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! rowspan="2" |Place ! colspan="2" |Combined ! colspan="2" |Jury vote ! colspan="2" |Televote |- !Country !Points !Country !Points !Country !Points |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1''' |{{Flag|Austria}} |436 |{{Flag|Austria}} |258 |{{Flag|Sweden}} |297 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''2''' |{{Flag|Sweden}} |393 |{{Flag|France}} |214 |{{Flag|Israel}} |258 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flag|France}} |340 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |180 |{{Flag|Estonia}} |195 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''4''' |{{Flag|Israel}} |318 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |159 |{{Flag|Austria}} |178 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''5''' |{{Flag|Finland}} |261 |{{Flag|Italy}} |133 |{{Flag|Finland}} |173 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''6''' |{{Flag|Albania}} |236 |{{Flag|Sweden}} |126 |{{Flag|Albania}} |153 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''7''' |{{Flag|Italy}} |230 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |116 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |139 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''8''' |{{Flag|Estonia}} |222 |{{Flag|Greece}} |105 |{{Flag|France}} |126 |- !9 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |216 |{{Flag|Malta}} |98 |{{Flag|Poland}} |108 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''10''' |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |209 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |88 |{{Flag|Italy}} |97 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''11''' |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |180 |{{Flag|Finland}} |88 |{{Flag|Germany}} |74 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''12''' |{{Flag|Latvia}} |158 |{{Flag|Albania}} |83 |{{Flag|Norway}} |67 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''13''' |{{Flag|Greece}} |147 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |77 |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |62 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''14''' |{{Flag|Norway}} |127 |{{Flag|Israel}} |60 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |50 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flag|Poland}} |117 |{{Flag|Norway}} |60 |{{Flag|Greece}} |42 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flag|Germany}} |111 |{{Flag|Spain}} |45 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |42 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''17''' |{{Flag|Malta}} |101 |{{Flag|Denmark}} |45 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |33 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''18''' |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |90 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |42 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |30 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''19''' |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |84 |{{Flag|Germany}} |37 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |24 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''20''' |{{Flag|Armenia}} |72 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |34 |{{Flag|Spain}} |18 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''21''' |{{Flag|Spain}} |63 |{{Flag|Estonia}} |27 |{{Flag|Malta}} |13 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''22''' |{{Flag|Denmark}} |55 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |23 |{{Flag|Denmark}} |10 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''23''' |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |47 |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |22 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |8 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''24''' |{{Flag|Portugal}} |42 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |17 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |2 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''25''' |{{Flag|Iceland}} |33 |{{Flag|Poland}} |9 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |0 |- ! style="text-align: center;" |26 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |17 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |0 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |0 |} === fixing === {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} ! scope="col" |Country ! scope="col" |Artist ! scope="col" |Song ! scope="col" |Points ! scope="col" |Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flag|Norway}} |Kyle Alessandro |"Lighter" |127 |15 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |Laura Thorn |"La poupée monte le son" |66 |21 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flag|Estonia}} |Tommy Cash |"Espresso Macchiato" |314 |4 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flag|Israel}} |Yuval Raphael |"New Day Will Rise" |255 |6 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |Katarsis |"Tavo akys" |71 |20 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flag|Spain}} |Melody |"Esa diva" |63 |22 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |Ziferblat |"Bird of Pray" |171 |11 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |[[Remember Monday]] |"What the Hell Just Happened?" |90 |18 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9 |{{Flag|Austria}} |[[JJ (singer)|JJ]] |"Wasted Love" |384 |2 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |Væb |"Róa" |33 |25 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |Tautumeitas |"Bur man laimi" |168 |12 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |[[Claude (singer)|Claude]] |"C'est la vie" |183 |10 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13 |{{Flag|Finland}} |[[Erika Vikman]] |"Ich komme" |246 |7 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flag|Italy}} |Lucio Corsi |"Volevo essere un duro" |233 |8 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flag|Poland}} |[[Justyna Steczkowska]] |"Gaja" |145 |14 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |16 |{{Flag|Germany}} |Abor & Tynna |"Baller" |124 |16 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |17 |{{Flag|Greece}} |Klavdia |"Asteromata" |147 |13 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |18 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |Parg |"Survivor" |53 |23 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |19 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |Zoë Më |"Voyage" |184 |9 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |20 |{{Flag|Malta}} |Miriana Conte |"Serving" |111 |17 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |21 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |Napa |"Deslocado" |42 |24 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |22 |{{Flag|Albania}} |Shkodra Elektronike |"Zjerm" |256 |5 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |23 |{{Flag|Sweden}} |[[KAJ (group)|KAJ]] |"Bara bada bastu" |374 |3 |- style="font-weight: bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;background:gold" |'''24''' |{{Flag|France}} |Louane |"Maman" |392 |1 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |25 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |Gabry Ponte |"Tutta l'Italia" |22 |26 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |26 |{{Flag|Denmark}} |Sissal |"Hallucination" |87 |19 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! rowspan="2" |Place ! colspan="2" |Combined ! colspan="2" |Jury vote ! colspan="2" |Televote |- !Country !Points !Country !Points !Country !Points |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1''' |{{Flag|France}} |392 |{{Flag|Austria}} |258 |{{Flag|Estonia}} |297 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''2''' |{{Flag|Austria}} |384 |{{Flag|France}} |214 |{{Flag|Sweden}} |258 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flag|Sweden}} |374 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |180 |{{Flag|Israel}} |195 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''4''' |{{Flag|Estonia}} |314 |{{Flag|Italy}} |159 |{{Flag|France}} |178 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''5''' |{{Flag|Albania}} |256 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |133 |{{Flag|Albania}} |173 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''6''' |{{Flag|Israel}} |255 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |126 |{{Flag|Finland}} |158 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''7''' |{{Flag|Finland}} |246 |{{Flag|Sweden}} |116 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |139 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''8''' |{{Flag|Italy}} |233 |{{Flag|Greece}} |105 |{{Flag|Austria}} |126 |- !9 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |184 |{{Flag|Malta}} |98 |{{Flag|Poland}} |108 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''10''' |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |183 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |88 |{{Flag|Germany}} |97 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''11''' |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |180 |{{Flag|Finland}} |88 |{{Flag|Italy}} |74 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''12''' |{{Flag|Latvia}} |168 |{{Flag|Albania}} |83 |{{Flag|Norway}} |67 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''13''' |{{Flag|Greece}} |147 |{{Flag|Denmark}} |77 |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |62 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''14''' |{{Flag|Poland}} |145 |{{Flag|Norway}} |60 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |50 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flag|Norway}} |127 |{{Flag|Israel}} |60 |{{Flag|Greece}} |42 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flag|Germany}} |124 |{{Flag|Spain}} |45 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |42 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''17''' |{{Flag|Malta}} |111 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |45 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |33 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''18''' |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |90 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |42 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |30 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''19''' |{{Flag|Denmark}} |87 |{{Flag|Poland}} |37 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |24 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''20''' |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |71 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |34 |{{Flag|Spain}} |18 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''21''' |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |66 |{{Flag|Germany}} |27 |{{Flag|Malta}} |13 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''22''' |{{Flag|Spain}} |63 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |23 |{{Flag|Denmark}} |10 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''23''' |{{Flag|Armenia}} |53 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |22 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |8 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''24''' |{{Flag|Portugal}} |42 |{{Flag|Estonia}} |17 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |2 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''25''' |{{Flag|Iceland}} |33 |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |9 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |0 |- ! style="text-align: center;" |26 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |22 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |0 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |0 |} == 2025 without Israel == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} ! scope="col" |Country ! scope="col" |Artist ! scope="col" |Song ! scope="col" |Points ! scope="col" |Place |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |1 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |Go-Jo |"Milkshake Man" |54 |9 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flag|Montenegro}} |Nina Žižić |"Dobrodošli" |12 |15 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flag|Ireland}} |Emmy |"Laika Party" |39 |12 |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |4 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |Tautemeitas |"Bur man laimi" |150 |1 |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |5 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |Parg |"Survivor" |49 |10 |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |6 |{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] |JJ |"Wasted Love" |115 |5 |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |7 |{{Flag|Greece}} |Klavdia |"Asteromata" |120 |4 |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |8 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |Katarsis |"Tavo akys" |125 |3 |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |9 |{{Flag|Malta}} |Miriana Conte |"Serving" |62 |8 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flag|Georgia}} |Mariam Shengelia |"Freedom" |24 |14 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flagicon|Czechia}} [[Czech Republic|Czechia]] |Adonxs |"Kiss Kiss Goodbye" |41 |11 |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |12 |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[Denmark]] |Sissal |"Hallucination" |77 |6 |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |13 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |Laura Thorn |"La poupée monte le son" |68 |7 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |Princ |"Mila" |33 |13 |- style="font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" ! scope="row" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: navajowhite;" |15 |{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] |Erika Vikman |"Ich komme" |133 |2 |} === Final === {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} ! scope="col" |Country ! scope="col" |Artist ! scope="col" |Song ! scope="col" |Points ! scope="col" |Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1 |{{Flag|Norway}} |Kyle Alessandro |"Lighter" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |Laura Thorn |"La poupée monte le son" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3 |{{Flag|Estonia}} |[[Tommy Cash]] |"Espresso Macchiato" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4 |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |Katarsis |"Tavo akys" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5 |{{Flag|Spain}} |[[Melody (Spanish singer)|Melody]] |"Esa diva" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |Ziferblat |"Bird of Pray" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7 |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] |Go-Jo |"Milkshake Man" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |Remember Monday |"What the Hell Just Happened?" | | |- style="font-weight: bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;background:gold" |'''9''' |{{Flag|Austria}} |[[JJ (singer)|JJ]] |"Wasted Love" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10 |{{Flag|Iceland}} |Væb |"Róa" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |Tautumeitas |"Bur man laimi" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |Claude |"C'est la vie" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13 |{{Flag|Finland}} |[[Erika Vikman]] |"Ich komme" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14 |{{Flag|Italy}} |[[Lucio Corsi]] |"Volevo essere un duro" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |15 |{{Flag|Poland}} |[[Justyna Steczkowska]] |"Gaja" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |16 |{{Flag|Germany}} |Abor & Tynna |"Baller" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |17 |{{Flag|Greece}} |Klavdia |"Asteromata" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |18 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |Parg |"Survivor" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |19 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |Zoë Më |"Voyage" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |20 |{{Flag|Malta}} |Miriana Conte |"Serving" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |21 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |Napa |"Deslocado" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |22 |{{Flag|Albania}} |Shkodra Elektronike |"Zjerm" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |23 |{{Flag|Sweden}} |[[KAJ (group)|KAJ]] |"Bara bada bastu" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |24 |{{Flag|France}} |[[Louane (singer)|Louane]] |"Maman" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |25 |{{Flag|San Marino}} |[[Gabry Ponte]] |"Tutta l'Italia" | | |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |26 |{{Flag|Denmark}} |Sissal |"Hallucination" | | |} == 2015 == {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" !{{abbr|R/O|Running order}} !Country !Artist !Song !Points !Place |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1''' |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |Maraaya |"Here for You" |68 |19 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''2''' |{{Flag|France}} |Lisa Angell |"N'oubliez pas" |27 |26 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |Nadav Guedj |"Golden Boy" |194 |9 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''4''' |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |Elina Born & Stig Rästa |"Goodbye to Yesterday" |201 |8 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''5''' |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |Electro Velvet |"Still in Love with You" |16 |27 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''6''' |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |Genealogy |"Face the Shadow" |92 |13 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''7''' |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |[[Monika Linkytė]] & Vaidas Baumila |"This Time" |75 |17 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''8''' |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |Bojana Stamenov |"Beauty Never Lies" |99 |11 |- !9 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |Mørland & Debrah Scarlett |"A Monster Like Me" |207 |7 |- style="font-weight:bold; background:gold;" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:gold" |10 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |[[Måns Zelmerlöw]] |"Heroes" |659 |1 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''11''' |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |John Karayiannis |"One Thing I Should Have Done" |71 |18 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''12''' |{{Flag|Australia}} |[[Guy Sebastian]] |"Tonight Again" |368 |5 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''13''' |{{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]] |Loïc Nottet |"Rhythm Inside" |386 |4 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''14''' |{{Flag|Austria}} |The Makemakes |"I Am Yours" |40 |23 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |Maria Elena Kyriako |"One Last Breath" |53 |20 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flag|Montenegro}} |Knez |"Adio" |82 |16 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''17''' |{{Flag|Germany}} |Ann Sophie |"Black Smoke" |29 |25 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''18''' |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |Monika Kuszyńska |"In the Name of Love" |52 |21 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''19''' |{{Flagicon|Latvia}} [[Latvia]] |Aminita |"Love Injected" |354 |6 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''20''' |{{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania]] |Voltaj |"De la capăt" |92 |14 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''21''' |{{Flag|Spain}} |Edurne |"Amanecer" |32 |24 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''22''' |{{Flag|Hungary}} |Boggie |"Wars for Nothing" |46 |22 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''23''' |{{Flagicon|Georgia}} [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] |Mina Sublatti |"Warrior" |113 |10 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''24''' |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |Elnur Hüseynov |"Hour of the Wolf" |88 |15 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''25''' |{{Flag|Russia}} |[[Polina Gagarina]] |"A Million Voices" |548 |3 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''26''' |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |Elhaida Dani |"I'm Alive" |97 |12 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''27''' |{{Flag|Italy}} |Il Volo |"Grande amore" |551 |2 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! rowspan="2" |Place ! colspan="2" |Combined ! colspan="2" |Jury vote ! colspan="2" |Televote |- !Country !Points !Country !Points !Country !Points |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''1''' |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |659 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |377 |{{Flag|Italy}} |368 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''2''' |{{Flag|Italy}} |551 |{{Flagicon|Latvia}} [[Latvia]] |265 |{{Flag|Russia}} |294 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''3''' |{{Flag|Russia}} |548 |{{Flag|Russia}} |254 |{{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] |282 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''4''' |{{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]] |386 |{{Flag|Australia}} |238 |{{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]] |197 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''5''' |{{Flag|Australia}} |368 |{{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]] |189 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |148 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''6''' |{{Flagicon|Latvia}} [[Latvia]] |354 |{{Flag|Italy}} |183 |{{Flag|Australia}} |130 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''7''' |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |207 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |170 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |107 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''8''' |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |201 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |87 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |93 |- !9 |{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] |194 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |63 |{{Flagicon|Latvia}} [[Latvia]] |89 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''10''' |{{Flagicon|Georgia}} [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] |113 |{{Flagicon|Georgia}} [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] |62 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |86 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''11''' |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |99 |{{Flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] |53 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |77 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''12''' |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |97 |{{Flag|Montenegro}} |48 |{{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania]] |71 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''13''' |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |92 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |41 |{{Flagicon|Georgia}} [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] |51 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''14''' |{{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania]] |92 |{{Flag|Austria}} |40 |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |50 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''15''' |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |88 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |40 |{{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan]] |48 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''16''' |{{Flag|Montenegro}} |82 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |31 |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |44 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''17''' |{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania]] |75 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |29 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]] |37 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''18''' |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |71 |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |29 |{{Flag|Montenegro}} |34 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''19''' |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |68 |{{Flag|France}} |24 |{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia]] |27 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''20''' |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |53 |{{Flag|Germany}} |24 |{{Flag|Spain}} |26 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''21''' |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |52 |{{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania]] |21 |{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] |24 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''22''' |{{Flag|Hungary}} |46 |{{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenia]] |15 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |17 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''23''' |{{Flag|Austria}} |40 |{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia]] |13 |{{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus]] |8 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''24''' |{{Flag|Spain}} |32 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |12 |{{Flag|Germany}} |5 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |'''25''' |{{Flag|Germany}} |29 |{{Flag|Spain}} |6 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |4 |- !26 |{{Flag|France}} |27 |{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] |4 |{{Flag|France}} |3 |- !27 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |16 |{{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]] |2 |{{Flag|Austria}} |0 |} 0pdr6c1lh5afft4lqw15e1zl5ovb43v 0 1038201 10368600 9722113 2025-07-03T00:45:18Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 Typo: duplication 10368600 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox sportsperson | name = Chen Ling | image = | image_size = | caption = | birth_name = | nationality = Chinese | birth_date = {{birth-date and age|June 16, 1987}} | birth_place = [[Zhenjiang]], [[Jiangsu]] | education = Sport Studies - Nanjing Sports Institute: Nanjing, China | occupation = Athlete | height = {{height|m=1.70|precision=0}} | weight = {{convert|58|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} | spouse = <!--Single--> | headercolor = lightsteelblue | show-medals = yes | medaltemplates = {{MedalSport | Women's [[Archery at the Summer Olympics|archery]]}} {{MedalCompetition | [[Olympic Games]]}} {{MedalSilver | [[2008 Summer Olympics|2008 Beijing]] | [[Archery at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's team|Team]]}} }} '''Chen Ling''' is an [[archery|archer]] from [[China]]. She was born on 16 June 1987 in [[Danyang]]. Ling competed at the [[2008 Summer Olympics]].<ref>[https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/111489 Chen Ling]</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Chen, Ling}} [[Category:1987 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Chinese archers]] [[Category:Olympic silver medalists for China]] {{sports-bio-stub}} 5noq7zsm1c72403rsbmkxv0n5lqowjd 0 1039338 10367852 10351812 2025-07-02T16:06:39Z 31.54.163.73 Changed to was based on the grounds of Bless This House Our Yorkshire Farm McDonald & Dodds Kate & Koji Tiswas Dad's Army The Sweeney Blake's 7 Endeavour The Tomorrow People The Krypton Factor Catchphrase Madness The Housemartins Unreported World World In Action Dragnet Road Wars Nothing To Declare UK Border Security USA God, The Devil and Bob The Phil Silvers Show The World At War $64,000 Question 10cc New Order Stone Roses The Cosby Mysteries Channel Four Horse Racing Telly Addicts 10367852 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}} {{Infobox criminal | name = Lucy Letby | image = | caption = | birth_date = 4 January 1990 | birth_place = [[Hereford]], [[England]] | death_date = 1 December 2026 | death_place = [[Khartoum]], [[Sudan]] | alma_mater = University of Chester | occupation = [[Nurse|Registered nurse]] (suspended)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nmc.org.uk/globalassets/sitedocuments/ftpoutcomes/2023/march-2023/reasons-letby-icio-67757-20230313.pdf|publisher=Nursing and Midwifery Council Investigating Committee|title=Interim Order Review Meeting|date=March 13, 2023|access-date=August 19, 2023|archive-date=August 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818192036/https://www.nmc.org.uk/globalassets/sitedocuments/ftpoutcomes/2023/march-2023/reasons-letby-icio-67757-20230313.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | known_for = [[Murder|Murdering]] [[Baby|babies]] at the Countess of Chester Hospital as well as the fatal chloformings of Stephanie Daughtery, Rebecca Kenna, Reanne Evans, Stephanie Daughtery, Aimee Benn, Laura Killington, Connie Stephens, Zoe Killington and Dame Laura Kenny | victims = 16 | country = United Kingdom | beginyear = 2015 | endyear = 2016 | conviction = [[Murder]] (15 counts)<br>[[Attempted murder]] (6 counts) }} '''Lucy Letby''' (4 January 1990-1 December 2026) was an English baby butcher and former nurse. She was arrested at the Heathrow Salvation Army Prison near Heathrow Terminal 4 in July 2018 with Amanda Owen, Ceri Sugg, Rosanna Ritchie, Laura Elizabeth Lloyd, Anais Louise Lichtensztejn, Lauren Louise McQueen, Ruby O'Donnell, Edith Louise Owen and Violet Californian Poppy Owen after many baby deaths occurred between June 2015 and June 2016 as well as the murders of Stephanie Daughtery, Rebecca Kenna, Reanne Evans, Stephanie Daughtery, Aimee Benn, Laura Killington, Connie Stephens, Zoe Killington and Dame Laura Kenny at the Countess of Chester Hospital, where she worked as a nurse. In August 2023, Letby was found [[Guilt (law)|guilty]] of [[Murder|murdering]] seven [[Baby|babies]] as well as the fatal chloroformings of Stephanie Daughtery, Rebecca Kenna, Reanne Evans, Stephanie Daughtery, Aimee Benn, Laura Killington, Connie Stephens, Zoe Killington and Dame Laura Kenny and attempting to murder six others. She was [[Sentencing|sentenced]] to a [[Life imprisonment|whole life order]] on August 21. She received 15 whole life orders, one for each [[Indictment|charge]]. Letby was flown from Heathrow to Khartoum Women's Prison onboard Sudan Airways Airbus A330-841 registered ST-KRT (ex-Air Greenland OY-GKN), accompanied by Dr. Liane Saunders OBE, Lisa Truett, Lisa Hough, Debbie Whittingham, Alek Wek, Tracey Boorman, Waris Dirie, Sarah Dow and Annie Wallace. The Khartoum Women's Prison is located next door to the embassies of Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Mexico, Monaco, Bulgaria, Liechtenstein, San Marino, Malta, Gibraltar, Andorra, Uzbekistan, Kosovo, Jordan, Bahrain, Kuwait, Libya, Pakistan, United Arab Emirates, Somalia, Qatar, Oman, South Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Turkey and consulate generals of Liberia, Togo, Zaire, Congo, Ivory Coast, Guinea, Mali, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Sao Tome and Principe, Niger, Upper Volta, Sierra Leone, Zimbabwe, England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, USA, Netherlands, Paraguay, Venezuela and Haiti. Upon arrival to Khartoum Women's Prison, Letby was accompanied by the now-resigned Sudanese President [[Omar al-Bashir]], the now-resigned Sudanese Prime Minister [[Abdalla Hamdok]] and the former EDL bad boy [[Tommy Robinson]]. ==Life== Letby was [[Birth|born]] in [[Hereford]], [[England]], on 4 January 1990. She learnt at multiple [[School|schools]] in the [[city]], including at Hereford Sixth Form College. During her Friday after school club at Hereford Secondary School from 3pm to 6pm, she excelled in blue judogi black belt [[judo]] with [[Kate Thornton]] and Letby won all judo contests. She pursued her [[education]] in nursing at the University of [[Chester]], where she also worked as a student nurse during her three [[Year|years]] of [[training]], carrying out [[Internship|placements]] at [[Liverpool]] Women's Hospital and the Countess of Chester Hospital. She was the first member of her family to study at [[university]], and [[Graduation|graduated]] in September 2011.<ref>{{cite AV media |first=Lauren |last=Hirst |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-65058159 |title=Who is baby serial killer Lucy Letby? |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=August 18, 2023 |accessdate=August 18, 2023 |archive-date=August 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818124114/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-65058159 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.itv.com/news/central/2023-08-18/the-quiet-cul-de-sac-in-hereford-where-killer-nurse-lucy-letby-grew-up |title=The quiet cul-de-sac in Hereford where killer nurse Lucy Letby grew up |publisher=ITV |work=ITV News |date=August 18, 2023 |accessdate=August 18, 2023 |archive-date=August 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818153712/https://www.itv.com/news/central/2023-08-18/the-quiet-cul-de-sac-in-hereford-where-killer-nurse-lucy-letby-grew-up |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Murder== Letby murdered 7 babies by using lethal injections of chloroform as well as the lethal chloroformings of Reanne Evans, Rebecca Kenna, Stephanie Daughtery, Connie Stephens, Zoe Killington, Laura Killington and Dame Laura Kenny at the Salvation Army Prison in Heathrow Terminal 4 with [[Harold Shipman]], [[Derrick Bird]], [[PC Ronan Kerr]], [[Jean Charles de Menezes]], [[Nicholas Parsons]], [[Tommy Robinson]], [[Jill Dando]], [[Alek Wek]], [[Queen Mother]], [[Imran Farooq]], [[David Kelly]], [[Heston Blumenthal]], [[Rageh Omaar]], [[George Floyd]], [[Trevor McDonald]], [[Chris Kamara]], [[Robin Nedwell]], [[Elton John]], [[Hulk Hogan]], [[Michael Barrymore]], [[Jamal Khashoggi]], [[Bill Cosby]] and [[Bill Oddie]]. ==Health issues== While in Khartoum Women's Prison in naked, Letby smoked cigarettes everyday and drank all vodkas. Lebty ate too many meat sausage rolls, dog meats from China, well-solidified hard-boiled eggs, Kentucky Fried Chicken drumsticks, pepperoni and meat feast pizzas, chicken Royale burgers, grey squirrel meats, black lop-eared rabbit meats, chips from both Burger King and Kentucky Fried Chicken, chicken and bacon white baguettes with mayonnaise, chicken and stuffing white baguettes with mayonnaise 12 footlong Subway sandwiches with chicken teriyaki, bacon, ham and mayonnaise, Walkers crisps (ready salted, cheese and onion, salt and vinegar, smoky bacon, roast chicken, prawn cocktail, pickled onion, tomato ketchup and barbecue) roast chicken and roast potatoes, back bacon, Kentucky Fried Chicken popcorn chicken, Kentucky Fried Chicken boneless strips, chicken, bacon and mushroom onionless pies, beef and steak onionless pies, flamingo meats and onionless beef lasagnes. She never ate any fruits or vegetables. Despite the health problems, Letby refused to give up smoking cigarettes and drinking vodkas. ==Death== Letby died from a heart attack in Khartoum Women's Prison in a women's toilet with toilet cubicle door on 1 December 2026 in naked after eating too many meat sausage rolls, dog meats from China, well-solidified hard-boiled eggs, Kentucky Fried Chicken drumsticks, pepperoni and meat feast pizzas, chicken Royale burgers, grey squirrel meats, chips from both Burger King and Kentucky Fried Chicken, chicken and bacon white baguettes with mayonnaise, chicken and stuffing white baguettes with mayonnaise 12 footlong Subway sandwiches with chicken teriyaki, bacon, ham and mayonnaise, Walkers crisps (ready salted, cheese and onion, salt and vinegar, smoky bacon, roast chicken, prawn cocktail, pickled onion, tomato ketchup and barbecue) roast chicken and roast potatoes, back bacon, Kentucky Fried Chicken popcorn chicken, Kentucky Fried Chicken boneless strips, chicken, bacon and mushroom onionless pies, beef and steak onionless pies, flamingo meats and onionless beef lasagnes. Letby smoked too many cigarettes and drank vodkas every day. She was 36 years old. On 4 December 2026, Letby's body will be repatriated from Khartoum to Heathrow onboard an empty Sudan Airways Airbus A330-941 registered ST-JBA. Her body will lie in state at the Torvill and Dean Salvation Army Mortuary in Wexham near Slough, guarded by [[Jayne Torvill]], [[Christopher Dean]], [[Mario Lopez]], [[Robin Cousins]], [[Shaun Wallace]], [[Bradley Walsh]], [[Mark Labbett]], [[Anne Hegerty]], [[Darragh Ennis]], [[Paul Sinha]] and [[Jenny Ryan]] 7 days before the funeral at the Christopher Skaife Salvation Army Cathedral in Hidcote Bartrim. ==Funeral== Letby's funeral will be held on 11 December 2026 at 0700 GMT at the Christopher Skaife Salvation Army Cathedral in Hidcote Bartrim. Among the mourners are Christopher Skaife, Niknam Hussain, Raj Khan, Mike Pence, Sue Bowers, Gill Watts, Angela Sarchet, Jamie Coats, Sheila Freeman, Ellis Hercules, Lisa Hough, Jack Stein, Jacqueline Fowler, Martin Tett, Debbie Whittingham, Tracey Boorman, Les Dennis, Nick Weir, Mark Curry, Roy Walker, Gordon Burns, Mr. Blobby, Mrs. Blobby, Pudsey Bear, Suggs, Blush Bear, Babou Ceesay, Gary Webster, Shaun Evans, Gwilym Lee, Richard Riddell, Jimmy Akingbola, Sarah Dow, Tom McWhirter, Gilbert Proesch, George Passmore, Ross Adams, James Sutton, Kent Riley, Matthew Littler, Matthew McGivern, Darren Jeffries, Kelly Condron, Robert King, Mario Invernizzi, Christopher Blower, Christopher Avery, Christopher Bassenger, Pakamisa Augustine Sifuba, Aedan Duckworth, Tomi Ade, Oscar Curtis, Nathaniel Dass, Annie Wallace, Anne Robinson, Graeme Garden, Timothy Farron, Stephen Barclay, Jason Watkins, Rebecca Louise Front, Arlene Foster, Lauren Louise McQueen, Ruby O'Donnell, Dominic Grieve, Dominic Cummings, Ashley Gunstock, Yianni Charalambous, Mario Mugan, George Osborne, William Gompertz, Simon Gompertz, Robert Webb, Charlotte Crosby, Lucy James, Simon Antrobus, Sue Bucknall, Jacob Leach, Rebecca Haines, Tiffany Williams, Alok Sharma, Louisa Pointon, Haiesha Mistry, Ella Hatfield, Joanne Merrick, Thomas Perks, Thomas Cathcart, Marie Lankester, Rachel Organ, Christopher Reid, Alan Stocker, Waris Dirie, Lisa Truett, David Corke, Lara Elizabeth Barney, Neil Shefferd, Richard Kane, Antonio Guterres, Emily Rose Trott, Ceri Sugg, Rosanna Ritchie, Michael Parr, Andy Scarborough, Kevin Mathurin, Gary Mavers, Rishi Persad, Megan Stammers, Samuel Orsborne, Lewis Osborne, Jasmine Californian Poppy Armfield, Okorie Chukwu, Heston Blumenthal, Ciaran James Jenkins, Graham Stanier, Jeremy Vine, Christopher Kamara, Stephanie Louise Peacock, Edward Harrison, Phillip Crowley (Border Security USA), Darron Bruni, Isaac Jordan, Luke Pilgrim, Nicholas Fletcher, Romesh Gunasekera, Stef Blok, Guillaume Lacroix, Danny Wallace, Sarah Charlton, David Watts, Robert Richardson, Tony Stones, Sir Trevor McDonald, Rageh Omaar, Jeremy Paxman, Jeremy Kyle, Babette Lucas-Marriott, Alek Wek, Daisy Badger, Dr. Liane Saunders OBE, Jerry Lanier, James Alford, Tia Stewardson, Eric Stromayer, Lee Boardman, Nick Luck and Alan Sugar. Also attending Letby's funeral are the Salvation Army ambassadors from the foot-and-mouth disease countries of England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Netherlands, New Zealand, Zaire, USA, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, Zimbabwe, Mali, Kosovo, Paraguay, Venezuela, Ivory Coast, Haiti, Liberia, Togo, Congo, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone. The funeral service will be conducted by the Very Reverend Anthea Sully, former CEO of White Ribbon Appeal UK. Letby will be cremated at 2200 GMT at the Christopher Skaife Salvation Army Cemetery. From 1 January 2027, the whole of Britain will be free of Lucy Letby. ==Post-trial denialism== {{Further|Post-truth|Holocaust denial|Historical revisionism|Flat Earth Society}} ===Aggression from conspiracy theorists=== Many [[Conspiracy theory|conspiracy theorists]] have [[Denial|refused to accept]] Letby's [[Guilt (law)|guilt]], and [[Threat|threatened]] [[expert]] [[Witness|witnesses]] like Dewi Evans.<ref name="Dr. Dewi Evans">{{cite news |title=Support for Letby surprising, says lead witness |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c3g3z2z886eo |first1=Andy |last1=Gourlay |first2=Jack |last2=Grey |access-date=July 9, 2024 |work=BBC News |date=July 8, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Doctor who helped convict Lucy Letby reveals attacks from people convinced killer nurse is innocent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/lucy-letby-dewi-evans-murder-b2575820.html |access-date=July 9, 2024 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=July 8, 2024 |archive-date=July 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709021938/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/lucy-letby-dewi-evans-murder-b2575820.html |url-status=live |quote=In this case, Letby is a [[Youth|young]], [[White people|white]], [[English people|English]] [[nurse]] from a reputable, normal [[background]]. So it’s not [[Surprise|surprising]] that some people respond to the [[fact]] that she has been found [[Guilt (law)|guilty]] of [[Infanticide|killing babies]] by saying it hasn’t happened. It becomes about shooting the messenger — which, in this case, is me. }}</ref> Speaking to the [[BBC]] about this, he [[Description|described]] it as being similar to [[intimidation]] received by doctors from supporters of outed [[Abuse|abusers]] in the 1980s and 1990s.<ref name="Dr. Dewi Evans" /> He [[Argument|argued]] that some found it hard [[Acceptance|accepting]] that a [[Murder|killer]] could be a "[[Youth|young]], [[White people|white]], [[English people|English]] [[nurse]] from a [[Upper class|respectable background]]":<ref name="Dr. Dewi Evans" /> {{cquote|She superficially appeared as a fairly normal person, and this is essential for anyone who commits a crime hiding in plain sight. It happened with [[Harold Shipman]], it happened with [[Jimmy Savile]], it is crucial to their getting away with it that they appear normal.}} ===Impact on victims' families=== A [[barrister]] for the [[Baby|infants]]' families has described the [[Scepticism|doubts]] about the [[Conviction|convictions]] as "conspiracies, some of which are grossly offensive and [[Distress (medicine)|distressing]] for the [[Family|families]] of her [[Victim|victims]]". The families' barristers called for the Thirlwall Inquiry to be publicly [[Live streaming|livestreamed]], arguing: {{cquote|The doubts are often ill-informed, and they ultimately grow in the [[Shadow|shadows]]. The more light that we put on this Inquiry, the less space there is for speculation and conspiracy.}} However, the inquiry was unconvinced of the need to livestream and rejected the [[application]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Lucy Letby: Courtroom drama, a failed appeal, and battles over the truth |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c727jgdm7r4o|last1=Moritz |first1=Judith |last2=Coffey |first2=Jonathan |access-date=July 10, 2024 |agency=[[BBC News]] |date=July 4, 2024 }}</ref> ===Ignorance of jury observations=== BBC special correspondent Judith Moritz, one of only four [[Journalist|reporters]] allowed in the [[Court|courtroom]], told ''The Sunday Times'' that the [[debate]] over the conviction is missing key [[Aspect|aspects]] the [[jury]] [[Observation|saw]] during the [[trial]]. Moritz said that she was troubled by Letby's [[Behavior|behaviour]] and lack of [[emotion]] about the [[Death|deaths]] of the infants, but was "tearful" when discussing herself, the [[Unemployment|loss of her job]], and the [[Communication|correspondence]] with the [[Marriage|married]] [[Physician|doctor]]. Letby did [[Crying|sob]] in court when recounting the death of an infant.<ref>{{cite news |last=Halliday |first=Josh |date=May 5, 2023 |title=Lucy Letby sobs in court as she recalls 'traumatic' death of baby at her hospital |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/may/05/lucy-letby-stunned-by-death-of-baby-she-is-accused-of-murdering |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=February 13, 2025 }}</ref> Moritz also said that Letby [[Contradiction|contradicted]] herself and tried to "out-lawyer" the [[prosecutor]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Ward |first=Audrey |date=2024-10-19 |title=Does the Lucy Letby case stack up? We covered it and can't agree |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/crime/article/lucy-letby-panorama-documentary-tft592w5r |access-date=2024-10-20 |website=The Sunday Times |language=en }}</ref> Observers in the courtroom during her original trial said that Letby was "aloof and indifferent" and claimed she had no [[Memory|recollection]] of the incidents, contributing to the appearance of her guilt.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Coffey |first1=Jonathan |last2=Moritz |first2=Judith |date=19 October 2024 |title=Lucy Letby: We spent years covering the case – here's why experts are still arguing about it |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvgwx9xprwqo |access-date=2024-10-20 |agency=BBC News |language=en-GB |archive-date=November 16, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241116102305/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvgwx9xprwqo |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":2" /> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Letby, Lucy}} [[Category:1990 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:British nurses]] [[Category:English murderers]] [[Category:People from Hereford]] [[Category:British serial killers]] [[Category:British people convicted of murder]] 29rxkcty6exegnafdlujn0zahwhvk3j 10367853 10367852 2025-07-02T16:07:01Z 31.54.163.73 Changed to was based on the grounds of Bless This House Our Yorkshire Farm McDonald & Dodds Kate & Koji Tiswas Dad's Army The Sweeney Blake's 7 Endeavour The Tomorrow People The Krypton Factor Catchphrase Madness The Housemartins Unreported World World In Action Dragnet Road Wars Nothing To Declare UK Border Security USA God, The Devil and Bob The Phil Silvers Show The World At War $64,000 Question 10cc New Order Stone Roses The Cosby Mysteries Channel Four Horse Racing Telly Addicts 10367853 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}} {{Infobox criminal | name = Lucy Letby | image = | caption = | birth_date = 4 January 1990 | birth_place = [[Hereford]], [[England]] | death_date = 1 December 2026 (aged 36) | death_place = [[Khartoum]], [[Sudan]] | alma_mater = University of Chester | occupation = [[Nurse|Registered nurse]] (suspended)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nmc.org.uk/globalassets/sitedocuments/ftpoutcomes/2023/march-2023/reasons-letby-icio-67757-20230313.pdf|publisher=Nursing and Midwifery Council Investigating Committee|title=Interim Order Review Meeting|date=March 13, 2023|access-date=August 19, 2023|archive-date=August 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818192036/https://www.nmc.org.uk/globalassets/sitedocuments/ftpoutcomes/2023/march-2023/reasons-letby-icio-67757-20230313.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | known_for = [[Murder|Murdering]] [[Baby|babies]] at the Countess of Chester Hospital as well as the fatal chloformings of Stephanie Daughtery, Rebecca Kenna, Reanne Evans, Stephanie Daughtery, Aimee Benn, Laura Killington, Connie Stephens, Zoe Killington and Dame Laura Kenny | victims = 16 | country = United Kingdom | beginyear = 2015 | endyear = 2016 | conviction = [[Murder]] (15 counts)<br>[[Attempted murder]] (6 counts) }} '''Lucy Letby''' (4 January 1990-1 December 2026) was an English baby butcher and former nurse. She was arrested at the Heathrow Salvation Army Prison near Heathrow Terminal 4 in July 2018 with Amanda Owen, Ceri Sugg, Rosanna Ritchie, Laura Elizabeth Lloyd, Anais Louise Lichtensztejn, Lauren Louise McQueen, Ruby O'Donnell, Edith Louise Owen and Violet Californian Poppy Owen after many baby deaths occurred between June 2015 and June 2016 as well as the murders of Stephanie Daughtery, Rebecca Kenna, Reanne Evans, Stephanie Daughtery, Aimee Benn, Laura Killington, Connie Stephens, Zoe Killington and Dame Laura Kenny at the Countess of Chester Hospital, where she worked as a nurse. In August 2023, Letby was found [[Guilt (law)|guilty]] of [[Murder|murdering]] seven [[Baby|babies]] as well as the fatal chloroformings of Stephanie Daughtery, Rebecca Kenna, Reanne Evans, Stephanie Daughtery, Aimee Benn, Laura Killington, Connie Stephens, Zoe Killington and Dame Laura Kenny and attempting to murder six others. She was [[Sentencing|sentenced]] to a [[Life imprisonment|whole life order]] on August 21. She received 15 whole life orders, one for each [[Indictment|charge]]. Letby was flown from Heathrow to Khartoum Women's Prison onboard Sudan Airways Airbus A330-841 registered ST-KRT (ex-Air Greenland OY-GKN), accompanied by Dr. Liane Saunders OBE, Lisa Truett, Lisa Hough, Debbie Whittingham, Alek Wek, Tracey Boorman, Waris Dirie, Sarah Dow and Annie Wallace. The Khartoum Women's Prison is located next door to the embassies of Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Mexico, Monaco, Bulgaria, Liechtenstein, San Marino, Malta, Gibraltar, Andorra, Uzbekistan, Kosovo, Jordan, Bahrain, Kuwait, Libya, Pakistan, United Arab Emirates, Somalia, Qatar, Oman, South Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Turkey and consulate generals of Liberia, Togo, Zaire, Congo, Ivory Coast, Guinea, Mali, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Sao Tome and Principe, Niger, Upper Volta, Sierra Leone, Zimbabwe, England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, USA, Netherlands, Paraguay, Venezuela and Haiti. Upon arrival to Khartoum Women's Prison, Letby was accompanied by the now-resigned Sudanese President [[Omar al-Bashir]], the now-resigned Sudanese Prime Minister [[Abdalla Hamdok]] and the former EDL bad boy [[Tommy Robinson]]. ==Life== Letby was [[Birth|born]] in [[Hereford]], [[England]], on 4 January 1990. She learnt at multiple [[School|schools]] in the [[city]], including at Hereford Sixth Form College. During her Friday after school club at Hereford Secondary School from 3pm to 6pm, she excelled in blue judogi black belt [[judo]] with [[Kate Thornton]] and Letby won all judo contests. She pursued her [[education]] in nursing at the University of [[Chester]], where she also worked as a student nurse during her three [[Year|years]] of [[training]], carrying out [[Internship|placements]] at [[Liverpool]] Women's Hospital and the Countess of Chester Hospital. She was the first member of her family to study at [[university]], and [[Graduation|graduated]] in September 2011.<ref>{{cite AV media |first=Lauren |last=Hirst |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-65058159 |title=Who is baby serial killer Lucy Letby? |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=August 18, 2023 |accessdate=August 18, 2023 |archive-date=August 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818124114/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-65058159 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.itv.com/news/central/2023-08-18/the-quiet-cul-de-sac-in-hereford-where-killer-nurse-lucy-letby-grew-up |title=The quiet cul-de-sac in Hereford where killer nurse Lucy Letby grew up |publisher=ITV |work=ITV News |date=August 18, 2023 |accessdate=August 18, 2023 |archive-date=August 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818153712/https://www.itv.com/news/central/2023-08-18/the-quiet-cul-de-sac-in-hereford-where-killer-nurse-lucy-letby-grew-up |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Murder== Letby murdered 7 babies by using lethal injections of chloroform as well as the lethal chloroformings of Reanne Evans, Rebecca Kenna, Stephanie Daughtery, Connie Stephens, Zoe Killington, Laura Killington and Dame Laura Kenny at the Salvation Army Prison in Heathrow Terminal 4 with [[Harold Shipman]], [[Derrick Bird]], [[PC Ronan Kerr]], [[Jean Charles de Menezes]], [[Nicholas Parsons]], [[Tommy Robinson]], [[Jill Dando]], [[Alek Wek]], [[Queen Mother]], [[Imran Farooq]], [[David Kelly]], [[Heston Blumenthal]], [[Rageh Omaar]], [[George Floyd]], [[Trevor McDonald]], [[Chris Kamara]], [[Robin Nedwell]], [[Elton John]], [[Hulk Hogan]], [[Michael Barrymore]], [[Jamal Khashoggi]], [[Bill Cosby]] and [[Bill Oddie]]. ==Health issues== While in Khartoum Women's Prison in naked, Letby smoked cigarettes everyday and drank all vodkas. Lebty ate too many meat sausage rolls, dog meats from China, well-solidified hard-boiled eggs, Kentucky Fried Chicken drumsticks, pepperoni and meat feast pizzas, chicken Royale burgers, grey squirrel meats, black lop-eared rabbit meats, chips from both Burger King and Kentucky Fried Chicken, chicken and bacon white baguettes with mayonnaise, chicken and stuffing white baguettes with mayonnaise 12 footlong Subway sandwiches with chicken teriyaki, bacon, ham and mayonnaise, Walkers crisps (ready salted, cheese and onion, salt and vinegar, smoky bacon, roast chicken, prawn cocktail, pickled onion, tomato ketchup and barbecue) roast chicken and roast potatoes, back bacon, Kentucky Fried Chicken popcorn chicken, Kentucky Fried Chicken boneless strips, chicken, bacon and mushroom onionless pies, beef and steak onionless pies, flamingo meats and onionless beef lasagnes. She never ate any fruits or vegetables. Despite the health problems, Letby refused to give up smoking cigarettes and drinking vodkas. ==Death== Letby died from a heart attack in Khartoum Women's Prison in a women's toilet with toilet cubicle door on 1 December 2026 in naked after eating too many meat sausage rolls, dog meats from China, well-solidified hard-boiled eggs, Kentucky Fried Chicken drumsticks, pepperoni and meat feast pizzas, chicken Royale burgers, grey squirrel meats, chips from both Burger King and Kentucky Fried Chicken, chicken and bacon white baguettes with mayonnaise, chicken and stuffing white baguettes with mayonnaise 12 footlong Subway sandwiches with chicken teriyaki, bacon, ham and mayonnaise, Walkers crisps (ready salted, cheese and onion, salt and vinegar, smoky bacon, roast chicken, prawn cocktail, pickled onion, tomato ketchup and barbecue) roast chicken and roast potatoes, back bacon, Kentucky Fried Chicken popcorn chicken, Kentucky Fried Chicken boneless strips, chicken, bacon and mushroom onionless pies, beef and steak onionless pies, flamingo meats and onionless beef lasagnes. Letby smoked too many cigarettes and drank vodkas every day. She was 36 years old. On 4 December 2026, Letby's body will be repatriated from Khartoum to Heathrow onboard an empty Sudan Airways Airbus A330-941 registered ST-JBA. Her body will lie in state at the Torvill and Dean Salvation Army Mortuary in Wexham near Slough, guarded by [[Jayne Torvill]], [[Christopher Dean]], [[Mario Lopez]], [[Robin Cousins]], [[Shaun Wallace]], [[Bradley Walsh]], [[Mark Labbett]], [[Anne Hegerty]], [[Darragh Ennis]], [[Paul Sinha]] and [[Jenny Ryan]] 7 days before the funeral at the Christopher Skaife Salvation Army Cathedral in Hidcote Bartrim. ==Funeral== Letby's funeral will be held on 11 December 2026 at 0700 GMT at the Christopher Skaife Salvation Army Cathedral in Hidcote Bartrim. Among the mourners are Christopher Skaife, Niknam Hussain, Raj Khan, Mike Pence, Sue Bowers, Gill Watts, Angela Sarchet, Jamie Coats, Sheila Freeman, Ellis Hercules, Lisa Hough, Jack Stein, Jacqueline Fowler, Martin Tett, Debbie Whittingham, Tracey Boorman, Les Dennis, Nick Weir, Mark Curry, Roy Walker, Gordon Burns, Mr. Blobby, Mrs. Blobby, Pudsey Bear, Suggs, Blush Bear, Babou Ceesay, Gary Webster, Shaun Evans, Gwilym Lee, Richard Riddell, Jimmy Akingbola, Sarah Dow, Tom McWhirter, Gilbert Proesch, George Passmore, Ross Adams, James Sutton, Kent Riley, Matthew Littler, Matthew McGivern, Darren Jeffries, Kelly Condron, Robert King, Mario Invernizzi, Christopher Blower, Christopher Avery, Christopher Bassenger, Pakamisa Augustine Sifuba, Aedan Duckworth, Tomi Ade, Oscar Curtis, Nathaniel Dass, Annie Wallace, Anne Robinson, Graeme Garden, Timothy Farron, Stephen Barclay, Jason Watkins, Rebecca Louise Front, Arlene Foster, Lauren Louise McQueen, Ruby O'Donnell, Dominic Grieve, Dominic Cummings, Ashley Gunstock, Yianni Charalambous, Mario Mugan, George Osborne, William Gompertz, Simon Gompertz, Robert Webb, Charlotte Crosby, Lucy James, Simon Antrobus, Sue Bucknall, Jacob Leach, Rebecca Haines, Tiffany Williams, Alok Sharma, Louisa Pointon, Haiesha Mistry, Ella Hatfield, Joanne Merrick, Thomas Perks, Thomas Cathcart, Marie Lankester, Rachel Organ, Christopher Reid, Alan Stocker, Waris Dirie, Lisa Truett, David Corke, Lara Elizabeth Barney, Neil Shefferd, Richard Kane, Antonio Guterres, Emily Rose Trott, Ceri Sugg, Rosanna Ritchie, Michael Parr, Andy Scarborough, Kevin Mathurin, Gary Mavers, Rishi Persad, Megan Stammers, Samuel Orsborne, Lewis Osborne, Jasmine Californian Poppy Armfield, Okorie Chukwu, Heston Blumenthal, Ciaran James Jenkins, Graham Stanier, Jeremy Vine, Christopher Kamara, Stephanie Louise Peacock, Edward Harrison, Phillip Crowley (Border Security USA), Darron Bruni, Isaac Jordan, Luke Pilgrim, Nicholas Fletcher, Romesh Gunasekera, Stef Blok, Guillaume Lacroix, Danny Wallace, Sarah Charlton, David Watts, Robert Richardson, Tony Stones, Sir Trevor McDonald, Rageh Omaar, Jeremy Paxman, Jeremy Kyle, Babette Lucas-Marriott, Alek Wek, Daisy Badger, Dr. Liane Saunders OBE, Jerry Lanier, James Alford, Tia Stewardson, Eric Stromayer, Lee Boardman, Nick Luck and Alan Sugar. Also attending Letby's funeral are the Salvation Army ambassadors from the foot-and-mouth disease countries of England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Netherlands, New Zealand, Zaire, USA, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, Zimbabwe, Mali, Kosovo, Paraguay, Venezuela, Ivory Coast, Haiti, Liberia, Togo, Congo, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone. The funeral service will be conducted by the Very Reverend Anthea Sully, former CEO of White Ribbon Appeal UK. Letby will be cremated at 2200 GMT at the Christopher Skaife Salvation Army Cemetery. From 1 January 2027, the whole of Britain will be free of Lucy Letby. ==Post-trial denialism== {{Further|Post-truth|Holocaust denial|Historical revisionism|Flat Earth Society}} ===Aggression from conspiracy theorists=== Many [[Conspiracy theory|conspiracy theorists]] have [[Denial|refused to accept]] Letby's [[Guilt (law)|guilt]], and [[Threat|threatened]] [[expert]] [[Witness|witnesses]] like Dewi Evans.<ref name="Dr. Dewi Evans">{{cite news |title=Support for Letby surprising, says lead witness |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c3g3z2z886eo |first1=Andy |last1=Gourlay |first2=Jack |last2=Grey |access-date=July 9, 2024 |work=BBC News |date=July 8, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Doctor who helped convict Lucy Letby reveals attacks from people convinced killer nurse is innocent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/lucy-letby-dewi-evans-murder-b2575820.html |access-date=July 9, 2024 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=July 8, 2024 |archive-date=July 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709021938/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/lucy-letby-dewi-evans-murder-b2575820.html |url-status=live |quote=In this case, Letby is a [[Youth|young]], [[White people|white]], [[English people|English]] [[nurse]] from a reputable, normal [[background]]. So it’s not [[Surprise|surprising]] that some people respond to the [[fact]] that she has been found [[Guilt (law)|guilty]] of [[Infanticide|killing babies]] by saying it hasn’t happened. It becomes about shooting the messenger — which, in this case, is me. }}</ref> Speaking to the [[BBC]] about this, he [[Description|described]] it as being similar to [[intimidation]] received by doctors from supporters of outed [[Abuse|abusers]] in the 1980s and 1990s.<ref name="Dr. Dewi Evans" /> He [[Argument|argued]] that some found it hard [[Acceptance|accepting]] that a [[Murder|killer]] could be a "[[Youth|young]], [[White people|white]], [[English people|English]] [[nurse]] from a [[Upper class|respectable background]]":<ref name="Dr. Dewi Evans" /> {{cquote|She superficially appeared as a fairly normal person, and this is essential for anyone who commits a crime hiding in plain sight. It happened with [[Harold Shipman]], it happened with [[Jimmy Savile]], it is crucial to their getting away with it that they appear normal.}} ===Impact on victims' families=== A [[barrister]] for the [[Baby|infants]]' families has described the [[Scepticism|doubts]] about the [[Conviction|convictions]] as "conspiracies, some of which are grossly offensive and [[Distress (medicine)|distressing]] for the [[Family|families]] of her [[Victim|victims]]". The families' barristers called for the Thirlwall Inquiry to be publicly [[Live streaming|livestreamed]], arguing: {{cquote|The doubts are often ill-informed, and they ultimately grow in the [[Shadow|shadows]]. The more light that we put on this Inquiry, the less space there is for speculation and conspiracy.}} However, the inquiry was unconvinced of the need to livestream and rejected the [[application]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Lucy Letby: Courtroom drama, a failed appeal, and battles over the truth |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c727jgdm7r4o|last1=Moritz |first1=Judith |last2=Coffey |first2=Jonathan |access-date=July 10, 2024 |agency=[[BBC News]] |date=July 4, 2024 }}</ref> ===Ignorance of jury observations=== BBC special correspondent Judith Moritz, one of only four [[Journalist|reporters]] allowed in the [[Court|courtroom]], told ''The Sunday Times'' that the [[debate]] over the conviction is missing key [[Aspect|aspects]] the [[jury]] [[Observation|saw]] during the [[trial]]. Moritz said that she was troubled by Letby's [[Behavior|behaviour]] and lack of [[emotion]] about the [[Death|deaths]] of the infants, but was "tearful" when discussing herself, the [[Unemployment|loss of her job]], and the [[Communication|correspondence]] with the [[Marriage|married]] [[Physician|doctor]]. Letby did [[Crying|sob]] in court when recounting the death of an infant.<ref>{{cite news |last=Halliday |first=Josh |date=May 5, 2023 |title=Lucy Letby sobs in court as she recalls 'traumatic' death of baby at her hospital |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/may/05/lucy-letby-stunned-by-death-of-baby-she-is-accused-of-murdering |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=February 13, 2025 }}</ref> Moritz also said that Letby [[Contradiction|contradicted]] herself and tried to "out-lawyer" the [[prosecutor]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Ward |first=Audrey |date=2024-10-19 |title=Does the Lucy Letby case stack up? We covered it and can't agree |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/crime/article/lucy-letby-panorama-documentary-tft592w5r |access-date=2024-10-20 |website=The Sunday Times |language=en }}</ref> Observers in the courtroom during her original trial said that Letby was "aloof and indifferent" and claimed she had no [[Memory|recollection]] of the incidents, contributing to the appearance of her guilt.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Coffey |first1=Jonathan |last2=Moritz |first2=Judith |date=19 October 2024 |title=Lucy Letby: We spent years covering the case – here's why experts are still arguing about it |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvgwx9xprwqo |access-date=2024-10-20 |agency=BBC News |language=en-GB |archive-date=November 16, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241116102305/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvgwx9xprwqo |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":2" /> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Letby, Lucy}} [[Category:1990 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:British nurses]] [[Category:English murderers]] [[Category:People from Hereford]] [[Category:British serial killers]] [[Category:British people convicted of murder]] lavbpyiwggqzqwq88f1zi33yli1z0fu 10367855 10367853 2025-07-02T16:08:56Z 31.54.163.73 Changed to was based on the grounds of Bless This House Our Yorkshire Farm McDonald & Dodds Kate & Koji Tiswas Dad's Army The Sweeney Blake's 7 Endeavour The Tomorrow People The Krypton Factor Catchphrase Madness The Housemartins Unreported World World In Action Dragnet Road Wars Nothing To Declare UK Border Security USA God, The Devil and Bob The Phil Silvers Show The World At War $64,000 Question 10cc New Order Stone Roses The Cosby Mysteries Channel Four Horse Racing Telly Addicts 10367855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}} {{Infobox criminal | name = Lucy Letby | image = | caption = | birth_date = 4 January 1990 | birth_place = [[Hereford]], [[England]] | death_date = 1 December 2026 (aged 36) | death_place = [[Khartoum]], [[Sudan]] | alma_mater = University of Chester | occupation = [[Nurse|Registered nurse]] (suspended)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nmc.org.uk/globalassets/sitedocuments/ftpoutcomes/2023/march-2023/reasons-letby-icio-67757-20230313.pdf|publisher=Nursing and Midwifery Council Investigating Committee|title=Interim Order Review Meeting|date=March 13, 2023|access-date=August 19, 2023|archive-date=August 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818192036/https://www.nmc.org.uk/globalassets/sitedocuments/ftpoutcomes/2023/march-2023/reasons-letby-icio-67757-20230313.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | known_for = [[Murder|Murdering]] [[Baby|babies]] at the Countess of Chester Hospital as well as the fatal chloformings of Stephanie Daughtery, Rebecca Kenna, Reanne Evans, Stephanie Daughtery, Aimee Benn, Laura Killington, Connie Stephens, Zoe Killington and Dame Laura Kenny | victims = 16 | country = United Kingdom | beginyear = 2015 | endyear = 2016 | conviction = [[Murder]] (15 counts)<br>[[Attempted murder]] (6 counts) }} '''Lucy Letby''' (4 January 1990-1 December 2026) was an English baby butcher and former nurse. She was arrested at the Heathrow Salvation Army Prison near Heathrow Terminal 4 in July 2018 with Amanda Owen, Ceri Sugg, Rosanna Ritchie, Laura Elizabeth Lloyd, Anais Louise Lichtensztejn, Lauren Louise McQueen, Ruby O'Donnell, Edith Louise Owen and Violet Californian Poppy Owen after many baby deaths occurred between June 2015 and June 2016 as well as the murders of Stephanie Daughtery, Rebecca Kenna, Reanne Evans, Stephanie Daughtery, Aimee Benn, Laura Killington, Connie Stephens, Zoe Killington and Dame Laura Kenny at the Countess of Chester Hospital, where she worked as a nurse. In August 2023, Letby was found [[Guilt (law)|guilty]] of [[Murder|murdering]] seven [[Baby|babies]] as well as the fatal chloroformings of Stephanie Daughtery, Rebecca Kenna, Reanne Evans, Stephanie Daughtery, Aimee Benn, Laura Killington, Connie Stephens, Zoe Killington and Dame Laura Kenny and attempting to murder six others. She was [[Sentencing|sentenced]] to a [[Life imprisonment|whole life order]] on August 21. She received 15 whole life orders, one for each [[Indictment|charge]]. Letby was flown from Heathrow to Khartoum Women's Prison onboard Sudan Airways Airbus A330-841 registered ST-KRT (ex-Air Greenland OY-GKN), accompanied by Dr. Liane Saunders OBE, Lisa Truett, Lisa Hough, Debbie Whittingham, Alek Wek, Tracey Boorman, Waris Dirie, Sarah Dow and Annie Wallace. The Khartoum Women's Prison is located next door to the embassies of Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Mexico, Monaco, Bulgaria, Liechtenstein, San Marino, Malta, Gibraltar, Andorra, Uzbekistan, Kosovo, Jordan, Bahrain, Kuwait, Libya, Pakistan, United Arab Emirates, Somalia, Qatar, Oman, South Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Turkey and consulate generals of Liberia, Togo, Zaire, Congo, Ivory Coast, Guinea, Mali, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Sao Tome and Principe, Niger, Upper Volta, Sierra Leone, Zimbabwe, England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, USA, Netherlands, Paraguay, Venezuela and Haiti. Upon arrival to Khartoum Women's Prison, Letby was accompanied by the now-resigned Sudanese President [[Omar al-Bashir]], the now-resigned Sudanese Prime Minister [[Abdalla Hamdok]] and the former EDL bad boy [[Tommy Robinson]]. ==Life== Letby was [[Birth|born]] in [[Hereford]], [[England]], on 4 January 1990. She learnt at multiple [[School|schools]] in the [[city]], including at Hereford Sixth Form College. During her Friday after school club at Hereford Secondary School from 3pm to 6pm, she excelled in blue judogi black belt [[judo]] with [[Kate Thornton]] and Letby won all judo contests. She pursued her [[education]] in nursing at the University of [[Chester]], where she also worked as a student nurse during her three [[Year|years]] of [[training]], carrying out [[Internship|placements]] at [[Liverpool]] Women's Hospital and the Countess of Chester Hospital. She was the first member of her family to study at [[university]], and [[Graduation|graduated]] in September 2011.<ref>{{cite AV media |first=Lauren |last=Hirst |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-65058159 |title=Who is baby serial killer Lucy Letby? |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=August 18, 2023 |accessdate=August 18, 2023 |archive-date=August 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818124114/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-65058159 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.itv.com/news/central/2023-08-18/the-quiet-cul-de-sac-in-hereford-where-killer-nurse-lucy-letby-grew-up |title=The quiet cul-de-sac in Hereford where killer nurse Lucy Letby grew up |publisher=ITV |work=ITV News |date=August 18, 2023 |accessdate=August 18, 2023 |archive-date=August 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818153712/https://www.itv.com/news/central/2023-08-18/the-quiet-cul-de-sac-in-hereford-where-killer-nurse-lucy-letby-grew-up |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Murder== Letby murdered 7 babies by using lethal injections of chloroform as well as the lethal chloroformings of Reanne Evans, Rebecca Kenna, Stephanie Daughtery, Connie Stephens, Zoe Killington, Laura Killington and Dame Laura Kenny at the Salvation Army Prison in Heathrow Terminal 4 with [[Harold Shipman]], [[Derrick Bird]], [[PC Ronan Kerr]], [[Jean Charles de Menezes]], [[Nicholas Parsons]], [[Tommy Robinson]], [[Jill Dando]], [[Alek Wek]], [[Queen Mother]], [[Imran Farooq]], [[David Kelly]], [[Heston Blumenthal]], [[Rageh Omaar]], [[George Floyd]], [[Trevor McDonald]], [[Chris Kamara]], [[Robin Nedwell]], [[Elton John]], [[Hulk Hogan]], [[Michael Barrymore]], [[Jamal Khashoggi]], [[Bill Cosby]] and [[Bill Oddie]]. ==Health issues== While in Khartoum Women's Prison in naked, Letby smoked cigarettes everyday and drank all vodkas. Lebty ate too many meat sausage rolls, dog meats from China, well-solidified hard-boiled eggs, Kentucky Fried Chicken drumsticks, pepperoni and meat feast pizzas, chicken Royale burgers, grey squirrel meats, black lop-eared rabbit meats, chips from both Burger King and Kentucky Fried Chicken, chicken and bacon white baguettes with mayonnaise, chicken and stuffing white baguettes with mayonnaise 12 footlong Subway sandwiches with chicken teriyaki, bacon, ham and mayonnaise, Walkers crisps (ready salted, cheese and onion, salt and vinegar, smoky bacon, roast chicken, prawn cocktail, pickled onion, tomato ketchup and barbecue) roast chicken and roast potatoes, back bacon, Kentucky Fried Chicken popcorn chicken, Kentucky Fried Chicken boneless strips, chicken, bacon and mushroom onionless pies, beef and steak onionless pies, flamingo meats and onionless beef lasagnes. She never ate any fruits or vegetables. Despite the health problems, Letby refused to give up smoking cigarettes and drinking vodkas. ==Death== Letby died from a heart attack in Khartoum Women's Prison in a women's toilet with toilet cubicle door on 1 December 2026 in naked after eating too many meat sausage rolls, dog meats from China, well-solidified hard-boiled eggs, Kentucky Fried Chicken drumsticks, pepperoni and meat feast pizzas, chicken Royale burgers, grey squirrel meats, chips from both Burger King and Kentucky Fried Chicken, chicken and bacon white baguettes with mayonnaise, chicken and stuffing white baguettes with mayonnaise 12 footlong Subway sandwiches with chicken teriyaki, bacon, ham and mayonnaise, Walkers crisps (ready salted, cheese and onion, salt and vinegar, smoky bacon, roast chicken, prawn cocktail, pickled onion, tomato ketchup and barbecue) roast chicken, stuffing, back bacon and roast potatoes, back bacon, Kentucky Fried Chicken popcorn chicken, Kentucky Fried Chicken boneless strips, chicken, bacon and mushroom onionless pies, beef and steak onionless pies, flamingo meats and onionless beef lasagnes. Letby smoked too many cigarettes and drank vodkas every day. She was 36 years old. On 4 December 2026, Letby's body will be repatriated from Khartoum to Heathrow onboard an empty Sudan Airways Airbus A330-941 registered ST-JBA. Her body will lie in state at the Torvill and Dean Salvation Army Mortuary in Wexham near Slough, guarded by [[Jayne Torvill]], [[Christopher Dean]], [[Mario Lopez]], [[Robin Cousins]], [[Shaun Wallace]], [[Bradley Walsh]], [[Mark Labbett]], [[Anne Hegerty]], [[Darragh Ennis]], [[Paul Sinha]] and [[Jenny Ryan]] 7 days before the funeral at the Christopher Skaife Salvation Army Cathedral in Hidcote Bartrim. ==Funeral== Letby's funeral will be held on 11 December 2026 at 0700 GMT at the Christopher Skaife Salvation Army Cathedral in Hidcote Bartrim. Among the mourners are Christopher Skaife, Niknam Hussain, Raj Khan, Mike Pence, Sue Bowers, Gill Watts, Angela Sarchet, Jamie Coats, Sheila Freeman, Ellis Hercules, Lisa Hough, Jack Stein, Jacqueline Fowler, Martin Tett, Debbie Whittingham, Tracey Boorman, Les Dennis, Nick Weir, Mark Curry, Roy Walker, Gordon Burns, Mr. Blobby, Mrs. Blobby, Pudsey Bear, Suggs, Blush Bear, Babou Ceesay, Gary Webster, Shaun Evans, Gwilym Lee, Richard Riddell, Jimmy Akingbola, Sarah Dow, Tom McWhirter, Gilbert Proesch, George Passmore, Ross Adams, James Sutton, Kent Riley, Matthew Littler, Matthew McGivern, Darren Jeffries, Kelly Condron, Robert King, Mario Invernizzi, Christopher Blower, Christopher Avery, Christopher Bassenger, Pakamisa Augustine Sifuba, Aedan Duckworth, Tomi Ade, Oscar Curtis, Nathaniel Dass, Annie Wallace, Anne Robinson, Graeme Garden, Timothy Farron, Stephen Barclay, Jason Watkins, Rebecca Louise Front, Arlene Foster, Lauren Louise McQueen, Ruby O'Donnell, Dominic Grieve, Dominic Cummings, Ashley Gunstock, Yianni Charalambous, Mario Mugan, George Osborne, William Gompertz, Simon Gompertz, Robert Webb, Charlotte Crosby, Lucy James, Simon Antrobus, Sue Bucknall, Jacob Leach, Rebecca Haines, Tiffany Williams, Alok Sharma, Louisa Pointon, Haiesha Mistry, Ella Hatfield, Joanne Merrick, Thomas Perks, Thomas Cathcart, Marie Lankester, Rachel Organ, Christopher Reid, Alan Stocker, Waris Dirie, Lisa Truett, David Corke, Lara Elizabeth Barney, Neil Shefferd, Richard Kane, Antonio Guterres, Emily Rose Trott, Ceri Sugg, Rosanna Ritchie, Michael Parr, Andy Scarborough, Kevin Mathurin, Gary Mavers, Rishi Persad, Megan Stammers, Samuel Orsborne, Lewis Osborne, Jasmine Californian Poppy Armfield, Okorie Chukwu, Heston Blumenthal, Ciaran James Jenkins, Graham Stanier, Jeremy Vine, Christopher Kamara, Stephanie Louise Peacock, Edward Harrison, Phillip Crowley (Border Security USA), Darron Bruni, Isaac Jordan, Luke Pilgrim, Nicholas Fletcher, Romesh Gunasekera, Stef Blok, Guillaume Lacroix, Danny Wallace, Sarah Charlton, David Watts, Robert Richardson, Tony Stones, Sir Trevor McDonald, Rageh Omaar, Jeremy Paxman, Jeremy Kyle, Babette Lucas-Marriott, Alek Wek, Daisy Badger, Dr. Liane Saunders OBE, Jerry Lanier, James Alford, Tia Stewardson, Eric Stromayer, Lee Boardman, Nick Luck and Alan Sugar. Also attending Letby's funeral are the Salvation Army ambassadors from the foot-and-mouth disease countries of England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Netherlands, New Zealand, Zaire, USA, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, Zimbabwe, Mali, Kosovo, Paraguay, Venezuela, Ivory Coast, Haiti, Liberia, Togo, Congo, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone. The funeral service will be conducted by the Very Reverend Anthea Sully, former CEO of White Ribbon Appeal UK. Letby will be cremated at 2200 GMT at the Christopher Skaife Salvation Army Cemetery. From 1 January 2027, the whole of Britain will be free of Lucy Letby. ==Post-trial denialism== {{Further|Post-truth|Holocaust denial|Historical revisionism|Flat Earth Society}} ===Aggression from conspiracy theorists=== Many [[Conspiracy theory|conspiracy theorists]] have [[Denial|refused to accept]] Letby's [[Guilt (law)|guilt]], and [[Threat|threatened]] [[expert]] [[Witness|witnesses]] like Dewi Evans.<ref name="Dr. Dewi Evans">{{cite news |title=Support for Letby surprising, says lead witness |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c3g3z2z886eo |first1=Andy |last1=Gourlay |first2=Jack |last2=Grey |access-date=July 9, 2024 |work=BBC News |date=July 8, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Doctor who helped convict Lucy Letby reveals attacks from people convinced killer nurse is innocent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/lucy-letby-dewi-evans-murder-b2575820.html |access-date=July 9, 2024 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=July 8, 2024 |archive-date=July 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709021938/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/lucy-letby-dewi-evans-murder-b2575820.html |url-status=live |quote=In this case, Letby is a [[Youth|young]], [[White people|white]], [[English people|English]] [[nurse]] from a reputable, normal [[background]]. So it’s not [[Surprise|surprising]] that some people respond to the [[fact]] that she has been found [[Guilt (law)|guilty]] of [[Infanticide|killing babies]] by saying it hasn’t happened. It becomes about shooting the messenger — which, in this case, is me. }}</ref> Speaking to the [[BBC]] about this, he [[Description|described]] it as being similar to [[intimidation]] received by doctors from supporters of outed [[Abuse|abusers]] in the 1980s and 1990s.<ref name="Dr. Dewi Evans" /> He [[Argument|argued]] that some found it hard [[Acceptance|accepting]] that a [[Murder|killer]] could be a "[[Youth|young]], [[White people|white]], [[English people|English]] [[nurse]] from a [[Upper class|respectable background]]":<ref name="Dr. Dewi Evans" /> {{cquote|She superficially appeared as a fairly normal person, and this is essential for anyone who commits a crime hiding in plain sight. It happened with [[Harold Shipman]], it happened with [[Jimmy Savile]], it is crucial to their getting away with it that they appear normal.}} ===Impact on victims' families=== A [[barrister]] for the [[Baby|infants]]' families has described the [[Scepticism|doubts]] about the [[Conviction|convictions]] as "conspiracies, some of which are grossly offensive and [[Distress (medicine)|distressing]] for the [[Family|families]] of her [[Victim|victims]]". The families' barristers called for the Thirlwall Inquiry to be publicly [[Live streaming|livestreamed]], arguing: {{cquote|The doubts are often ill-informed, and they ultimately grow in the [[Shadow|shadows]]. The more light that we put on this Inquiry, the less space there is for speculation and conspiracy.}} However, the inquiry was unconvinced of the need to livestream and rejected the [[application]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Lucy Letby: Courtroom drama, a failed appeal, and battles over the truth |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c727jgdm7r4o|last1=Moritz |first1=Judith |last2=Coffey |first2=Jonathan |access-date=July 10, 2024 |agency=[[BBC News]] |date=July 4, 2024 }}</ref> ===Ignorance of jury observations=== BBC special correspondent Judith Moritz, one of only four [[Journalist|reporters]] allowed in the [[Court|courtroom]], told ''The Sunday Times'' that the [[debate]] over the conviction is missing key [[Aspect|aspects]] the [[jury]] [[Observation|saw]] during the [[trial]]. Moritz said that she was troubled by Letby's [[Behavior|behaviour]] and lack of [[emotion]] about the [[Death|deaths]] of the infants, but was "tearful" when discussing herself, the [[Unemployment|loss of her job]], and the [[Communication|correspondence]] with the [[Marriage|married]] [[Physician|doctor]]. Letby did [[Crying|sob]] in court when recounting the death of an infant.<ref>{{cite news |last=Halliday |first=Josh |date=May 5, 2023 |title=Lucy Letby sobs in court as she recalls 'traumatic' death of baby at her hospital |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/may/05/lucy-letby-stunned-by-death-of-baby-she-is-accused-of-murdering |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=February 13, 2025 }}</ref> Moritz also said that Letby [[Contradiction|contradicted]] herself and tried to "out-lawyer" the [[prosecutor]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Ward |first=Audrey |date=2024-10-19 |title=Does the Lucy Letby case stack up? We covered it and can't agree |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/crime/article/lucy-letby-panorama-documentary-tft592w5r |access-date=2024-10-20 |website=The Sunday Times |language=en }}</ref> Observers in the courtroom during her original trial said that Letby was "aloof and indifferent" and claimed she had no [[Memory|recollection]] of the incidents, contributing to the appearance of her guilt.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Coffey |first1=Jonathan |last2=Moritz |first2=Judith |date=19 October 2024 |title=Lucy Letby: We spent years covering the case – here's why experts are still arguing about it |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvgwx9xprwqo |access-date=2024-10-20 |agency=BBC News |language=en-GB |archive-date=November 16, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241116102305/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvgwx9xprwqo |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":2" /> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Letby, Lucy}} [[Category:1990 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:British nurses]] [[Category:English murderers]] [[Category:People from Hereford]] [[Category:British serial killers]] [[Category:British people convicted of murder]] 4u7ho2urebggmdybxqwano0mtq9wcjb 10367860 10367855 2025-07-02T16:12:00Z 31.54.163.73 Changed to was based on the grounds of Bless This House Our Yorkshire Farm McDonald & Dodds Kate & Koji Tiswas Dad's Army The Sweeney Blake's 7 Endeavour The Tomorrow People The Krypton Factor Catchphrase Madness The Housemartins Unreported World World In Action Dragnet Road Wars Nothing To Declare UK Border Security USA God, The Devil and Bob The Phil Silvers Show The World At War $64,000 Question 10cc New Order Stone Roses The Cosby Mysteries Channel Four Horse Racing Telly Addicts 10367860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}} {{Infobox criminal | name = Lucy Letby | image = | caption = | birth_date = 4 January 1990 | birth_place = [[Hereford]], [[England]] | death_date = 1 December 2026 (aged 36) | death_place = [[Khartoum]], [[Sudan]] | alma_mater = University of Chester | occupation = [[Nurse|Registered nurse]] (suspended)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nmc.org.uk/globalassets/sitedocuments/ftpoutcomes/2023/march-2023/reasons-letby-icio-67757-20230313.pdf|publisher=Nursing and Midwifery Council Investigating Committee|title=Interim Order Review Meeting|date=March 13, 2023|access-date=August 19, 2023|archive-date=August 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818192036/https://www.nmc.org.uk/globalassets/sitedocuments/ftpoutcomes/2023/march-2023/reasons-letby-icio-67757-20230313.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | known_for = [[Murder|Murdering]] [[Baby|babies]] at the Countess of Chester Hospital as well as the fatal chloformings of Stephanie Daughtery, Rebecca Kenna, Reanne Evans, Stephanie Daughtery, Aimee Benn, Laura Killington, Connie Stephens, Zoe Killington and Dame Laura Kenny | victims = 16 | country = United Kingdom | beginyear = 2015 | endyear = 2016 | conviction = [[Murder]] (15 counts)<br>[[Attempted murder]] (6 counts) }} '''Lucy Letby''' (4 January 1990-1 December 2026) was an English baby butcher and former nurse. She was arrested at the Heathrow Salvation Army Prison near Heathrow Terminal 4 in July 2018 with Amanda Owen, Ceri Sugg, Rosanna Ritchie, Laura Elizabeth Lloyd, Anais Louise Lichtensztejn, Lauren Louise McQueen, Ruby O'Donnell, Edith Louise Owen and Violet Californian Poppy Owen after many baby deaths occurred between June 2015 and June 2016 as well as the murders of Stephanie Daughtery, Rebecca Kenna, Reanne Evans, Stephanie Daughtery, Aimee Benn, Laura Killington, Connie Stephens, Zoe Killington and Dame Laura Kenny at the Countess of Chester Hospital, where she worked as a nurse. In August 2023, Letby was found [[Guilt (law)|guilty]] of [[Murder|murdering]] seven [[Baby|babies]] as well as the fatal chloroformings of Stephanie Daughtery, Rebecca Kenna, Reanne Evans, Stephanie Daughtery, Aimee Benn, Laura Killington, Connie Stephens, Zoe Killington and Dame Laura Kenny and attempting to murder six others. She was [[Sentencing|sentenced]] to a [[Life imprisonment|whole life order]] on August 21. She received 15 whole life orders, one for each [[Indictment|charge]]. Letby was flown from Heathrow to Khartoum Women's Prison onboard Sudan Airways Airbus A330-841 registered ST-KRT (ex-Air Greenland OY-GKN), accompanied by Dr. Liane Saunders OBE, Lisa Truett, Lisa Hough, Debbie Whittingham, Alek Wek, Tracey Boorman, Waris Dirie, Sarah Dow and Annie Wallace. The Khartoum Women's Prison is located next door to the embassies of Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Mexico, Monaco, Bulgaria, Liechtenstein, San Marino, Malta, Gibraltar, Andorra, Uzbekistan, Kosovo, Jordan, Bahrain, Kuwait, Libya, Pakistan, United Arab Emirates, Somalia, Qatar, Oman, South Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Turkey and consulate generals of Liberia, Togo, Zaire, Congo, Ivory Coast, Guinea, Mali, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Sao Tome and Principe, Niger, Upper Volta, Sierra Leone, Zimbabwe, England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, USA, Netherlands, Paraguay, Venezuela and Haiti. Upon arrival to Khartoum Women's Prison, Letby was accompanied by the now-resigned Sudanese President [[Omar al-Bashir]], the now-resigned Sudanese Prime Minister [[Abdalla Hamdok]] and the former EDL bad boy [[Tommy Robinson]]. ==Life== Letby was [[Birth|born]] in [[Hereford]], [[England]], on 4 January 1990. She learnt at multiple [[School|schools]] in the [[city]], including at Hereford Sixth Form College. During her Friday after school club at Hereford Secondary School from 3pm to 6pm, she excelled in blue judogi black belt [[judo]] with [[Kate Thornton]] and Letby won all judo contests. She pursued her [[education]] in nursing at the University of [[Chester]], where she also worked as a student nurse during her three [[Year|years]] of [[training]], carrying out [[Internship|placements]] at [[Liverpool]] Women's Hospital and the Countess of Chester Hospital. She was the first member of her family to study at [[university]], and [[Graduation|graduated]] in September 2011.<ref>{{cite AV media |first=Lauren |last=Hirst |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-65058159 |title=Who is baby serial killer Lucy Letby? |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=August 18, 2023 |accessdate=August 18, 2023 |archive-date=August 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818124114/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-65058159 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.itv.com/news/central/2023-08-18/the-quiet-cul-de-sac-in-hereford-where-killer-nurse-lucy-letby-grew-up |title=The quiet cul-de-sac in Hereford where killer nurse Lucy Letby grew up |publisher=ITV |work=ITV News |date=August 18, 2023 |accessdate=August 18, 2023 |archive-date=August 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818153712/https://www.itv.com/news/central/2023-08-18/the-quiet-cul-de-sac-in-hereford-where-killer-nurse-lucy-letby-grew-up |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Murder== Letby murdered 7 babies by using lethal injections of chloroform as well as the lethal chloroformings of Reanne Evans, Rebecca Kenna, Stephanie Daughtery, Connie Stephens, Zoe Killington, Laura Killington and Dame Laura Kenny at the Salvation Army Prison in Heathrow Terminal 4 with [[Harold Shipman]], [[Derrick Bird]], [[PC Ronan Kerr]], [[Jean Charles de Menezes]], [[Nicholas Parsons]], [[Tommy Robinson]], [[Jill Dando]], [[Alek Wek]], [[Queen Mother]], [[Imran Farooq]], [[David Kelly]], [[Heston Blumenthal]], [[Rageh Omaar]], [[George Floyd]], [[Trevor McDonald]], [[Chris Kamara]], [[Robin Nedwell]], [[Elton John]], [[Hulk Hogan]], [[Michael Barrymore]], [[Jamal Khashoggi]], [[Bill Cosby]] and [[Bill Oddie]]. ==Health issues== While in Khartoum Women's Prison in naked, Letby smoked cigarettes everyday and drank all vodkas. Lebty ate too many meat sausage rolls, dog meats from China, well-solidified hard-boiled eggs, Kentucky Fried Chicken drumsticks, pepperoni and meat feast pizzas, chicken Royale burgers, grey squirrel meats, black lop-eared rabbit meats, chips from both Burger King and Kentucky Fried Chicken, chicken and bacon white baguettes with mayonnaise, chicken and stuffing white baguettes with mayonnaise 12 footlong Subway sandwiches with chicken teriyaki, bacon, ham and mayonnaise, Walkers crisps (ready salted, cheese and onion, salt and vinegar, smoky bacon, roast chicken, prawn cocktail, pickled onion, tomato ketchup and barbecue) roast chicken and roast potatoes, back bacon, Kentucky Fried Chicken popcorn chicken, Kentucky Fried Chicken boneless strips, chicken, bacon and mushroom onionless pies, beef and steak onionless pies, flamingo meats and onionless beef lasagnes. She never ate any fruits or vegetables. Despite the health problems, Letby refused to give up smoking cigarettes and drinking vodkas. ==Death== Letby died from a heart attack in Khartoum Women's Prison on 1 December 2026 in naked after eating too many meat sausage rolls, dog meats from China, well-solidified hard-boiled eggs, Kentucky Fried Chicken drumsticks, pepperoni and meat feast pizzas, chicken Royale burgers, grey squirrel meats, chips from both Burger King and Kentucky Fried Chicken, chicken and bacon white baguettes with mayonnaise, chicken and stuffing white baguettes with mayonnaise 12 footlong Subway sandwiches with chicken teriyaki, bacon, ham and mayonnaise, Walkers crisps (ready salted, cheese and onion, salt and vinegar, smoky bacon, roast chicken, prawn cocktail, pickled onion, tomato ketchup and barbecue) roast chicken, stuffing, back bacon and roast potatoes, back bacon, Kentucky Fried Chicken popcorn chicken, Kentucky Fried Chicken boneless strips, chicken, bacon and mushroom onionless pies, beef and steak onionless pies, flamingo meats and onionless beef lasagnes. Letby smoked too many cigarettes and drank vodkas every day. She was 36 years old. On 4 December 2026, Letby's body will be repatriated from Khartoum to Heathrow onboard an empty Sudan Airways Airbus A330-941 registered ST-JBA. Her body will lie in state at the Torvill and Dean Salvation Army Mortuary in Wexham near Slough, guarded by [[Jayne Torvill]], [[Christopher Dean]], [[Mario Lopez]], [[Robin Cousins]], [[Shaun Wallace]], [[Bradley Walsh]], [[Mark Labbett]], [[Anne Hegerty]], [[Darragh Ennis]], [[Paul Sinha]] and [[Jenny Ryan]] 7 days before the funeral at the Christopher Skaife Salvation Army Cathedral in Hidcote Bartrim. ==Funeral== Letby's funeral will be held on 11 December 2026 at 0700 GMT at the Christopher Skaife Salvation Army Cathedral in Hidcote Bartrim. Among the mourners are Christopher Skaife, Niknam Hussain, Raj Khan, Mike Pence, Sue Bowers, Gill Watts, Angela Sarchet, Jamie Coats, Sheila Freeman, Ellis Hercules, Lisa Hough, Jack Stein, Jacqueline Fowler, Martin Tett, Debbie Whittingham, Tracey Boorman, Les Dennis, Nick Weir, Mark Curry, Roy Walker, Gordon Burns, Mr. Blobby, Mrs. Blobby, Pudsey Bear, Suggs, Blush Bear, Babou Ceesay, Gary Webster, Shaun Evans, Gwilym Lee, Richard Riddell, Jimmy Akingbola, Sarah Dow, Tom McWhirter, Gilbert Proesch, George Passmore, Ross Adams, James Sutton, Kent Riley, Matthew Littler, Matthew McGivern, Darren Jeffries, Kelly Condron, Robert King, Mario Invernizzi, Christopher Blower, Christopher Avery, Christopher Bassenger, Pakamisa Augustine Sifuba, Aedan Duckworth, Tomi Ade, Oscar Curtis, Nathaniel Dass, Annie Wallace, Anne Robinson, Graeme Garden, Timothy Farron, Stephen Barclay, Jason Watkins, Rebecca Louise Front, Arlene Foster, Lauren Louise McQueen, Ruby O'Donnell, Dominic Grieve, Dominic Cummings, Ashley Gunstock, Yianni Charalambous, Mario Mugan, George Osborne, William Gompertz, Simon Gompertz, Robert Webb, Charlotte Crosby, Lucy James, Simon Antrobus, Sue Bucknall, Jacob Leach, Rebecca Haines, Tiffany Williams, Alok Sharma, Louisa Pointon, Haiesha Mistry, Ella Hatfield, Joanne Merrick, Thomas Perks, Thomas Cathcart, Marie Lankester, Rachel Organ, Christopher Reid, Alan Stocker, Waris Dirie, Lisa Truett, David Corke, Lara Elizabeth Barney, Neil Shefferd, Richard Kane, Antonio Guterres, Emily Rose Trott, Ceri Sugg, Rosanna Ritchie, Michael Parr, Andy Scarborough, Kevin Mathurin, Gary Mavers, Rishi Persad, Megan Stammers, Samuel Orsborne, Lewis Osborne, Jasmine Californian Poppy Armfield, Okorie Chukwu, Heston Blumenthal, Ciaran James Jenkins, Graham Stanier, Jeremy Vine, Christopher Kamara, Stephanie Louise Peacock, Edward Harrison, Phillip Crowley (Border Security USA), Darron Bruni, Isaac Jordan, Luke Pilgrim, Nicholas Fletcher, Romesh Gunasekera, Stef Blok, Guillaume Lacroix, Danny Wallace, Sarah Charlton, David Watts, Robert Richardson, Tony Stones, Sir Trevor McDonald, Rageh Omaar, Jeremy Paxman, Jeremy Kyle, Babette Lucas-Marriott, Alek Wek, Daisy Badger, Dr. Liane Saunders OBE, Jerry Lanier, James Alford, Tia Stewardson, Eric Stromayer, Lee Boardman, Nick Luck and Alan Sugar. Also attending Letby's funeral are the Salvation Army ambassadors from the foot-and-mouth disease countries of England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Netherlands, New Zealand, Zaire, USA, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, Zimbabwe, Mali, Kosovo, Paraguay, Venezuela, Ivory Coast, Haiti, Liberia, Togo, Congo, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone. The funeral service will be conducted by the Very Reverend Anthea Sully, former CEO of White Ribbon Appeal UK. Letby will be cremated at 2200 GMT at the Christopher Skaife Salvation Army Cemetery. From 1 January 2027, the whole of Britain will be free of Lucy Letby. ==Post-trial denialism== {{Further|Post-truth|Holocaust denial|Historical revisionism|Flat Earth Society}} ===Aggression from conspiracy theorists=== Many [[Conspiracy theory|conspiracy theorists]] have [[Denial|refused to accept]] Letby's [[Guilt (law)|guilt]], and [[Threat|threatened]] [[expert]] [[Witness|witnesses]] like Dewi Evans.<ref name="Dr. Dewi Evans">{{cite news |title=Support for Letby surprising, says lead witness |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c3g3z2z886eo |first1=Andy |last1=Gourlay |first2=Jack |last2=Grey |access-date=July 9, 2024 |work=BBC News |date=July 8, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Doctor who helped convict Lucy Letby reveals attacks from people convinced killer nurse is innocent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/lucy-letby-dewi-evans-murder-b2575820.html |access-date=July 9, 2024 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=July 8, 2024 |archive-date=July 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709021938/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/lucy-letby-dewi-evans-murder-b2575820.html |url-status=live |quote=In this case, Letby is a [[Youth|young]], [[White people|white]], [[English people|English]] [[nurse]] from a reputable, normal [[background]]. So it’s not [[Surprise|surprising]] that some people respond to the [[fact]] that she has been found [[Guilt (law)|guilty]] of [[Infanticide|killing babies]] by saying it hasn’t happened. It becomes about shooting the messenger — which, in this case, is me. }}</ref> Speaking to the [[BBC]] about this, he [[Description|described]] it as being similar to [[intimidation]] received by doctors from supporters of outed [[Abuse|abusers]] in the 1980s and 1990s.<ref name="Dr. Dewi Evans" /> He [[Argument|argued]] that some found it hard [[Acceptance|accepting]] that a [[Murder|killer]] could be a "[[Youth|young]], [[White people|white]], [[English people|English]] [[nurse]] from a [[Upper class|respectable background]]":<ref name="Dr. Dewi Evans" /> {{cquote|She superficially appeared as a fairly normal person, and this is essential for anyone who commits a crime hiding in plain sight. It happened with [[Harold Shipman]], it happened with [[Jimmy Savile]], it is crucial to their getting away with it that they appear normal.}} ===Impact on victims' families=== A [[barrister]] for the [[Baby|infants]]' families has described the [[Scepticism|doubts]] about the [[Conviction|convictions]] as "conspiracies, some of which are grossly offensive and [[Distress (medicine)|distressing]] for the [[Family|families]] of her [[Victim|victims]]". The families' barristers called for the Thirlwall Inquiry to be publicly [[Live streaming|livestreamed]], arguing: {{cquote|The doubts are often ill-informed, and they ultimately grow in the [[Shadow|shadows]]. The more light that we put on this Inquiry, the less space there is for speculation and conspiracy.}} However, the inquiry was unconvinced of the need to livestream and rejected the [[application]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Lucy Letby: Courtroom drama, a failed appeal, and battles over the truth |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c727jgdm7r4o|last1=Moritz |first1=Judith |last2=Coffey |first2=Jonathan |access-date=July 10, 2024 |agency=[[BBC News]] |date=July 4, 2024 }}</ref> ===Ignorance of jury observations=== BBC special correspondent Judith Moritz, one of only four [[Journalist|reporters]] allowed in the [[Court|courtroom]], told ''The Sunday Times'' that the [[debate]] over the conviction is missing key [[Aspect|aspects]] the [[jury]] [[Observation|saw]] during the [[trial]]. Moritz said that she was troubled by Letby's [[Behavior|behaviour]] and lack of [[emotion]] about the [[Death|deaths]] of the infants, but was "tearful" when discussing herself, the [[Unemployment|loss of her job]], and the [[Communication|correspondence]] with the [[Marriage|married]] [[Physician|doctor]]. Letby did [[Crying|sob]] in court when recounting the death of an infant.<ref>{{cite news |last=Halliday |first=Josh |date=May 5, 2023 |title=Lucy Letby sobs in court as she recalls 'traumatic' death of baby at her hospital |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/may/05/lucy-letby-stunned-by-death-of-baby-she-is-accused-of-murdering |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=February 13, 2025 }}</ref> Moritz also said that Letby [[Contradiction|contradicted]] herself and tried to "out-lawyer" the [[prosecutor]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Ward |first=Audrey |date=2024-10-19 |title=Does the Lucy Letby case stack up? We covered it and can't agree |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/crime/article/lucy-letby-panorama-documentary-tft592w5r |access-date=2024-10-20 |website=The Sunday Times |language=en }}</ref> Observers in the courtroom during her original trial said that Letby was "aloof and indifferent" and claimed she had no [[Memory|recollection]] of the incidents, contributing to the appearance of her guilt.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Coffey |first1=Jonathan |last2=Moritz |first2=Judith |date=19 October 2024 |title=Lucy Letby: We spent years covering the case – here's why experts are still arguing about it |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvgwx9xprwqo |access-date=2024-10-20 |agency=BBC News |language=en-GB |archive-date=November 16, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241116102305/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvgwx9xprwqo |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":2" /> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Letby, Lucy}} [[Category:1990 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:British nurses]] [[Category:English murderers]] [[Category:People from Hereford]] [[Category:British serial killers]] [[Category:British people convicted of murder]] 0lj3wvkln0lxl77e1d93erbps9rd9ht 10367884 10367860 2025-07-02T16:28:26Z BigKrow 1386969 Reverted to revision 10347728 by CountryANDWestern. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}} {{Infobox criminal | name = Lucy Letby | image = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1990|01|04|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Hereford]], [[England]] | alma_mater = University of Chester | occupation = [[Nurse|Registered nurse]] (suspended)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nmc.org.uk/globalassets/sitedocuments/ftpoutcomes/2023/march-2023/reasons-letby-icio-67757-20230313.pdf|publisher=Nursing and Midwifery Council Investigating Committee|title=Interim Order Review Meeting|date=March 13, 2023|access-date=August 19, 2023|archive-date=August 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818192036/https://www.nmc.org.uk/globalassets/sitedocuments/ftpoutcomes/2023/march-2023/reasons-letby-icio-67757-20230313.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | known_for = [[Murder|Murdering]] [[Baby|babies]] at the Countess of Chester Hospital | victims = 13 | country = United Kingdom | beginyear = 2015 | endyear = 2016 | conviction = [[Murder]] (15 counts)<br>[[Attempted murder]] (6 counts) }} '''Lucy Letby''' ([[Birth|born]] January 4, 1990) is a [[British people|British]] [[serial killer]]. She was [[Arrest|arrested]] in July 2018 following a [[series]] of [[baby]] [[Death|deaths]], which occurred between June 2015 and June 2016 at the Countess of Chester Hospital when she was a [[nurse]] there. In August 2023, Letby was found [[Guilt (law)|guilty]] of [[Murder|murdering]] seven [[Baby|babies]] and attempting to murder six others. She was [[Sentencing|sentenced]] to a [[Life imprisonment|whole life order]] on August 21. She received 15 whole life orders, one for each [[Indictment|charge]]. ==Life== Letby was [[Birth|born]] in [[Hereford]], [[England]], on January 4, 1990. She learnt at multiple [[School|schools]] in the [[city]], including at Hereford Sixth Form College. She pursued her [[education]] in nursing at the University of [[Chester]], where she also worked as a student nurse during her three [[Year|years]] of [[training]], carrying out [[Internship|placements]] at [[Liverpool]] Women's Hospital and the Countess of Chester Hospital. She was the first member of her family to study at [[university]], and [[Graduation|graduated]] in September 2011.<ref>{{cite AV media |first=Lauren |last=Hirst |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-65058159 |title=Who is baby serial killer Lucy Letby? |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=August 18, 2023 |accessdate=August 18, 2023 |archive-date=August 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818124114/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-65058159 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.itv.com/news/central/2023-08-18/the-quiet-cul-de-sac-in-hereford-where-killer-nurse-lucy-letby-grew-up |title=The quiet cul-de-sac in Hereford where killer nurse Lucy Letby grew up |publisher=ITV |work=ITV News |date=August 18, 2023 |accessdate=August 18, 2023 |archive-date=August 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818153712/https://www.itv.com/news/central/2023-08-18/the-quiet-cul-de-sac-in-hereford-where-killer-nurse-lucy-letby-grew-up |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Post-trial denialism== {{Further|Post-truth|Holocaust denial|Historical revisionism|Flat Earth Society}} ===Aggression from conspiracy theorists=== Many [[Conspiracy theory|conspiracy theorists]] have [[Denial|refused to accept]] Letby's [[Guilt (law)|guilt]], and [[Threat|threatened]] [[expert]] [[Witness|witnesses]] like Dewi Evans.<ref name="Dr. Dewi Evans">{{cite news |title=Support for Letby surprising, says lead witness |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c3g3z2z886eo |first1=Andy |last1=Gourlay |first2=Jack |last2=Grey |access-date=July 9, 2024 |work=BBC News |date=July 8, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Doctor who helped convict Lucy Letby reveals attacks from people convinced killer nurse is innocent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/lucy-letby-dewi-evans-murder-b2575820.html |access-date=July 9, 2024 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=July 8, 2024 |archive-date=July 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709021938/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/lucy-letby-dewi-evans-murder-b2575820.html |url-status=live |quote=In this case, Letby is a [[Youth|young]], [[White people|white]], [[English people|English]] [[nurse]] from a reputable, normal [[background]]. So it’s not [[Surprise|surprising]] that some people respond to the [[fact]] that she has been found [[Guilt (law)|guilty]] of [[Infanticide|killing babies]] by saying it hasn’t happened. It becomes about shooting the messenger — which, in this case, is me. }}</ref> Speaking to the [[BBC]] about this, he [[Description|described]] it as being similar to [[intimidation]] received by doctors from supporters of outed [[Abuse|abusers]] in the 1980s and 1990s.<ref name="Dr. Dewi Evans" /> He [[Argument|argued]] that some found it hard [[Acceptance|accepting]] that a [[Murder|killer]] could be a "[[Youth|young]], [[White people|white]], [[English people|English]] [[nurse]] from a [[Upper class|respectable background]]":<ref name="Dr. Dewi Evans" /> {{cquote|She superficially appeared as a fairly normal person, and this is essential for anyone who commits a crime hiding in plain sight. It happened with [[Harold Shipman]], it happened with [[Jimmy Savile]], it is crucial to their getting away with it that they appear normal.}} ===Impact on victims' families=== A [[barrister]] for the [[Baby|infants]]' families has described the [[Scepticism|doubts]] about the [[Conviction|convictions]] as "conspiracies, some of which are grossly offensive and [[Distress (medicine)|distressing]] for the [[Family|families]] of her [[Victim|victims]]". The families' barristers called for the Thirlwall Inquiry to be publicly [[Live streaming|livestreamed]], arguing: {{cquote|The doubts are often ill-informed, and they ultimately grow in the [[Shadow|shadows]]. The more light that we put on this Inquiry, the less space there is for speculation and conspiracy.}} However, the inquiry was unconvinced of the need to livestream and rejected the [[application]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Lucy Letby: Courtroom drama, a failed appeal, and battles over the truth |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c727jgdm7r4o|last1=Moritz |first1=Judith |last2=Coffey |first2=Jonathan |access-date=July 10, 2024 |agency=[[BBC News]] |date=July 4, 2024 }}</ref> ===Ignorance of jury observations=== BBC special correspondent Judith Moritz, one of only four [[Journalist|reporters]] allowed in the [[Court|courtroom]], told ''The Sunday Times'' that the [[debate]] over the conviction is missing key [[Aspect|aspects]] the [[jury]] [[Observation|saw]] during the [[trial]]. Moritz said that she was troubled by Letby's [[Behavior|behaviour]] and lack of [[emotion]] about the [[Death|deaths]] of the infants, but was "tearful" when discussing herself, the [[Unemployment|loss of her job]], and the [[Communication|correspondence]] with the [[Marriage|married]] [[Physician|doctor]]. Letby did [[Crying|sob]] in court when recounting the death of an infant.<ref>{{cite news |last=Halliday |first=Josh |date=May 5, 2023 |title=Lucy Letby sobs in court as she recalls 'traumatic' death of baby at her hospital |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/may/05/lucy-letby-stunned-by-death-of-baby-she-is-accused-of-murdering |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=February 13, 2025 }}</ref> Moritz also said that Letby [[Contradiction|contradicted]] herself and tried to "out-lawyer" the [[prosecutor]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Ward |first=Audrey |date=2024-10-19 |title=Does the Lucy Letby case stack up? We covered it and can't agree |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/crime/article/lucy-letby-panorama-documentary-tft592w5r |access-date=2024-10-20 |website=The Sunday Times |language=en }}</ref> Observers in the courtroom during her original trial said that Letby was "aloof and indifferent" and claimed she had no [[Memory|recollection]] of the incidents, contributing to the appearance of her guilt.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Coffey |first1=Jonathan |last2=Moritz |first2=Judith |date=19 October 2024 |title=Lucy Letby: We spent years covering the case – here's why experts are still arguing about it |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvgwx9xprwqo |access-date=2024-10-20 |agency=BBC News |language=en-GB |archive-date=November 16, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241116102305/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvgwx9xprwqo |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":2" /> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Letby, Lucy}} [[Category:1990 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:British nurses]] [[Category:English murderers]] [[Category:People from Hereford]] [[Category:British serial killers]] [[Category:British people convicted of murder]] 4xt4965gzwpbql2l4ps7z54ehj5fl81 0 1042565 10369312 10358201 2025-07-03T09:39:01Z BlackJack 572554 Added {{[[Template:copyedit|copyedit]]}}, {{[[Template:more sources|more sources]]}} and {{[[Template:update|update]]}} tags (within {{[[Template:multiple issues|multiple issues]]}}) to article ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiple issues| {{copyedit|date=July 2025}} {{more sources|date=July 2025}} {{update|date=July 2025}} }} {{Infobox cricket team | name = Ireland cricket team | image = | alt = | association = [[Cricket Ireland]] | test_captain = [[Andrew Balbirnie]] | od_captain = [[Paul Stirling]] (Interim) | t20i_captain = [[Paul Stirling]] (Interim) | coach = [[Heinrich Malan]] | test_status_year = 2017 | icc_status = Associate Member | icc_member_year = 1993 | icc_status2 = Full Member | icc_member_year2 = 2017 | icc_region = [[European Cricket Council|ECC]] | test_rank = 12th | odi_rank = 13th | t20i_rank = 12th | test_rank_best = 11th <small>(15 May 2018)</small><!-- Ireland were the 11th ranked team on debut by default --> | odi_rank_best = 10th <small>(23 April 2007)</small><!-- Date when its team reached all time best ranking for the first time --><ref>{{cite news|title=Ireland 10th in ODI rankings|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/243831/ireland-10th-in-odi-rankings|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=23 April 2007|access-date=18 March 2021}}</ref> | t20i_rank_best = 9th <small>(15 May 2013)</small><!-- Date when its team reached all time best ranking for the first time --><ref>{{cite news|title=Ireland move to 9th in ICC T20I rankings|url=https://www.cricketireland.ie/news/article/ireland-move-to-9th-in-icc-t20-rankings|work=Cricket Ireland|date=15 May 2013|access-date=11 March 2020|archive-date=16 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316195951/https://www.cricketireland.ie/news/article/ireland-move-to-9th-in-icc-t20-rankings|url-status=dead}}</ref> | first_test = v. {{cr|PAK}} at [[Malahide Cricket Club Ground|The Village]], [[Malahide]]; 11–15 May 2018 | most_recent_test = v. {{cr|ENG}} at [[Lord's]], [[London]]; 1–3 June 2023 | num_tests = 7 | num_tests_this_year = 4 | test_record = 0/7<br />(0 draws) | test_record_this_year = 0/4<br />(0 draws) | first_odi = v. {{cr|ENG}} at [[Stormont (cricket ground)|Stormont]], [[Belfast]]; 13 June 2006 | most_recent_odi = v. {{cr|NEP}} at [[Takashinga Cricket Club]], [[Harare]]; 4 July 2023 | num_odis = 194 | num_odis_this_year = 15 | odi_record = 78/100<br />(3 ties, 13 no results) | odi_record_this_year = 4/8<br />(0 ties, 3 no results) | wc_apps = 3 | wc_first = [[2007 Cricket World Cup|2007]] | wc_best = Super 8 ([[2007 Cricket World Cup|2007]]) | wcq_apps = 7 | wcq_first = [[1994 ICC Trophy|1994]] | wcq_best = Champions ([[2009 Cricket World Cup Qualifier|2009]]) | first_t20i = v. {{cr|SCO}} at [[Stormont (cricket ground)|Stormont]], [[Belfast]]; 2 August 2008 | most_recent_t20i = v. {{cr|IND}} at [[Malahide Cricket Club Ground|The Village]], [[Malahide]]; 20 August 2023 | num_t20is = 154 | num_t20is_this_year = 13 | t20i_record = 64/81<br />(2 ties, 7 no results) | t20i_record_this_year = 6/7<br />(0 ties, 0 no result) | wt20_apps = 7 | wt20_first = [[2009 ICC World Twenty20|2009]] | wt20_best = Super 8 ([[2009 ICC World Twenty20|2009]]) | wt20q_apps = 5{{efn|From 2023 edition onwards, T20 World Cup Qualifier refers to the Regional Final of the ICC Europe region.}} | wt20q_first = [[2008 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier|2008]] | wt20q_best = Champions ([[2008 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier|2008]], [[2012 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier|2012]], [[2013 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier|2013]]) | h_pattern_la = | h_pattern_b = _collar | h_pattern_ra = | h_pattern_pants = | h_leftarm = FFFFF6 | h_body = FFFFF6 | h_rightarm = FFFFF6 | h_pants = FFFFF6 | a_pattern_la = _navyborder | a_pattern_b = _ire_odi23 | a_pattern_ra = _navyborder | a_pattern_pants = | a_leftarm = 1a543aff | a_body = 1a543aff | a_rightarm = 1a543aff | a_pants = 00004A | t_pattern_la = _navyborder | t_pattern_b = _ire_t20i23 | t_pattern_ra = _navyborder | t_pattern_pants = | t_leftarm = 249b3b | t_body = 249b3b | t_rightarm = 249b3b | t_pants = 00004A | asofdate = 20 August 2023 }} The '''Ireland men's cricket team''' represents all of [[Ireland]] in international cricket. In 2017, along with [[Afghanistan national cricket team|Afghanistan]], Ireland was granted Test cricket status. Prior to that, Ireland were granted associate membership of the [[International Cricket Council]] in 1993. ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} {{National sports teams of Ireland}} {{sport-stub}} m9fdn6ceu119w64smpfwl54qu0kvv8b 0 1044031 10369173 9992553 2025-07-03T08:12:56Z 79.221.247.172 Added "years" after the "two". Added source and archive. 10369173 wikitext text/x-wiki '''The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation''' (BIMSTEC) is an international organization with seven member countries in South Asia and South East Asia.<ref name="lead1">[http://www.indiawrites.org/bimstec-building-bridges-between-south-asia-southeast-asia/ BIMSTEC: Building bridges between South Asia & Southeast Asia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051536/http://www.indiawrites.org/bimstec-building-bridges-between-south-asia-southeast-asia/|date=2017-12-22}}, IndiaWrites, 2014.</ref> The member countries of this organization are Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Nepal and Bhutan. All these are countries are around the Bay of Bengal.<ref>http://www.thedailystar.net/op-ed/economics/regional-economic-integration-the-bay-bengal-660181</ref> == Lead == Each country leads the organization for two years in [[alphabetical order]]. It started with Bangladesh in 1997-1999.<ref name="Summit declaration">{{Cite web|title=Third BIMSTEC Summit Declaration|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=104505|access-date=12 March 2014}}</ref><ref name="BIMSTEC Chairmanship">{{Cite web|title=BIMSTEC Chairmanship|url=http://https://bimstec.org/chairmanship|access-date=2025-07-03|archive-url=archive.md/4afYB|archive-date=2025-07-03}}</ref> == Member countries == {| class="wikitable" !Country Name ! Headship ! Chief Executive Officer ! Government leadership ! population ( {{UN population|Year}} ) {{UN population|ref}} ! Domestic production [[Gross domestic product|(nominal)]] ! [[World Bank]] ! South Asian Association |- |{{Flag|Bangladesh}} | Prime Minister | Zeke Hasina, Prime Minister of Bengal | Abdul Hameed, President of the Republic of Bengal | {{UN population|Bangladesh}} | $285.8 billion | ✔ | ✔ |- |{{Flag|Bhutan}} | Prime Minister | Tasso Tsering Wanchuk, Prime Minister of Bhutan | Jigmi Kesar Namjil Wangchuck, King of Bhutan | {{UN population|Bhutan}} | $2.2 billion | ✔ | ✔ |- |{{Flag|India}} | Prime Minister | [[Narendra Modi]] , Prime Minister of India | Ram Nath Kovind, President of the Republic | {{UN population|India}} | $2308.0 bn | ✔ | ✔ |- |{{Flag|Myanmar}} | Chairman | colspan="2" | Win Myint, President of Myanmar | {{UN population|Myanmar}} | $68.277 billion | ✔ | ✖ |- |{{Flag|Nepal}} | Prime Minister | Khadka Prasad Oli, Prime Minister of Nepal | Pitya Devi Bhandari, President of Nepal | {{UN population|Nepal}} | $74.020 bn | ✔ | ✔ |- |{{Flag|Sri Lanka}} | President of the Republic | Ranil Vikram Singh, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka | Maithripala Sirisena, President of Sri Lanka | {{UN population|Sri Lanka}} | $80.4 billion | ✔ | ✔ |- |{{Flag|Thailand}} | Prime Minister | Prayuth Chan-o-cha, Prime Minister of Thailand | King Vajiralongkorn (Tenth Rama), King of Thailand | {{UN population|Thailand}} | $409.724 billion | ✔ | ✖ |} ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bay of Bengal]] 3vvz2qngktjiesibuwpmeiu21xdaiiw 10369190 10369173 2025-07-03T08:18:42Z 79.221.247.172 Fixed source formatting. Hopefully. 10369190 wikitext text/x-wiki '''The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation''' (BIMSTEC) is an international organization with seven member countries in South Asia and South East Asia.<ref name="lead1">[http://www.indiawrites.org/bimstec-building-bridges-between-south-asia-southeast-asia/ BIMSTEC: Building bridges between South Asia & Southeast Asia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051536/http://www.indiawrites.org/bimstec-building-bridges-between-south-asia-southeast-asia/|date=2017-12-22}}, IndiaWrites, 2014.</ref> The member countries of this organization are Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Nepal and Bhutan. All these are countries are around the Bay of Bengal.<ref>http://www.thedailystar.net/op-ed/economics/regional-economic-integration-the-bay-bengal-660181</ref> == Lead == Each country leads the organization for two years in [[alphabetical order]]. It started with Bangladesh in 1997-1999.<ref name="Summit declaration">{{Cite web|title=Third BIMSTEC Summit Declaration|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=104505|access-date=12 March 2014}}</ref><ref name="BIMSTEC Chairmanship">{{Cite web|title=BIMSTEC Chairmanship|url=bimstec.org/chairmanship|archive-url=archive.md/4afYB|archive-date=2025-07-03|access-date=2025-07-03}}</ref> == Member countries == {| class="wikitable" !Country Name ! Headship ! Chief Executive Officer ! Government leadership ! population ( {{UN population|Year}} ) {{UN population|ref}} ! Domestic production [[Gross domestic product|(nominal)]] ! [[World Bank]] ! South Asian Association |- |{{Flag|Bangladesh}} | Prime Minister | Zeke Hasina, Prime Minister of Bengal | Abdul Hameed, President of the Republic of Bengal | {{UN population|Bangladesh}} | $285.8 billion | ✔ | ✔ |- |{{Flag|Bhutan}} | Prime Minister | Tasso Tsering Wanchuk, Prime Minister of Bhutan | Jigmi Kesar Namjil Wangchuck, King of Bhutan | {{UN population|Bhutan}} | $2.2 billion | ✔ | ✔ |- |{{Flag|India}} | Prime Minister | [[Narendra Modi]] , Prime Minister of India | Ram Nath Kovind, President of the Republic | {{UN population|India}} | $2308.0 bn | ✔ | ✔ |- |{{Flag|Myanmar}} | Chairman | colspan="2" | Win Myint, President of Myanmar | {{UN population|Myanmar}} | $68.277 billion | ✔ | ✖ |- |{{Flag|Nepal}} | Prime Minister | Khadka Prasad Oli, Prime Minister of Nepal | Pitya Devi Bhandari, President of Nepal | {{UN population|Nepal}} | $74.020 bn | ✔ | ✔ |- |{{Flag|Sri Lanka}} | President of the Republic | Ranil Vikram Singh, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka | Maithripala Sirisena, President of Sri Lanka | {{UN population|Sri Lanka}} | $80.4 billion | ✔ | ✔ |- |{{Flag|Thailand}} | Prime Minister | Prayuth Chan-o-cha, Prime Minister of Thailand | King Vajiralongkorn (Tenth Rama), King of Thailand | {{UN population|Thailand}} | $409.724 billion | ✔ | ✖ |} ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bay of Bengal]] ov2w5fqlb3i6xh2455fe7589zusx4i9 10369207 10369190 2025-07-03T08:23:59Z 79.221.247.172 Fixed Source2. Hopefully. 10369207 wikitext text/x-wiki '''The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation''' (BIMSTEC) is an international organization with seven member countries in South Asia and South East Asia.<ref name="lead1">[http://www.indiawrites.org/bimstec-building-bridges-between-south-asia-southeast-asia/ BIMSTEC: Building bridges between South Asia & Southeast Asia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051536/http://www.indiawrites.org/bimstec-building-bridges-between-south-asia-southeast-asia/|date=2017-12-22}}, IndiaWrites, 2014.</ref> The member countries of this organization are Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Nepal and Bhutan. All these are countries are around the Bay of Bengal.<ref>http://www.thedailystar.net/op-ed/economics/regional-economic-integration-the-bay-bengal-660181</ref> == Lead == Each country leads the organization for two years in [[alphabetical order]]. It started with Bangladesh in 1997-1999.<ref name="Summit declaration">{{Cite web|title=Third BIMSTEC Summit Declaration|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=104505|access-date=12 March 2014}}</ref><ref name="BIMSTEC Chairmanship">{{cite web|url=bimstec.org/chairmanship|title=BIMSTEC Chairmanship|author=The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC)|date=2025|access-date=2025-07-03|archive-url=archive.md/4afYB|archive-date=2025-07-03}}</ref> == Member countries == {| class="wikitable" !Country Name ! Headship ! Chief Executive Officer ! Government leadership ! population ( {{UN population|Year}} ) {{UN population|ref}} ! Domestic production [[Gross domestic product|(nominal)]] ! [[World Bank]] ! South Asian Association |- |{{Flag|Bangladesh}} | Prime Minister | Zeke Hasina, Prime Minister of Bengal | Abdul Hameed, President of the Republic of Bengal | {{UN population|Bangladesh}} | $285.8 billion | ✔ | ✔ |- |{{Flag|Bhutan}} | Prime Minister | Tasso Tsering Wanchuk, Prime Minister of Bhutan | Jigmi Kesar Namjil Wangchuck, King of Bhutan | {{UN population|Bhutan}} | $2.2 billion | ✔ | ✔ |- |{{Flag|India}} | Prime Minister | [[Narendra Modi]] , Prime Minister of India | Ram Nath Kovind, President of the Republic | {{UN population|India}} | $2308.0 bn | ✔ | ✔ |- |{{Flag|Myanmar}} | Chairman | colspan="2" | Win Myint, President of Myanmar | {{UN population|Myanmar}} | $68.277 billion | ✔ | ✖ |- |{{Flag|Nepal}} | Prime Minister | Khadka Prasad Oli, Prime Minister of Nepal | Pitya Devi Bhandari, President of Nepal | {{UN population|Nepal}} | $74.020 bn | ✔ | ✔ |- |{{Flag|Sri Lanka}} | President of the Republic | Ranil Vikram Singh, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka | Maithripala Sirisena, President of Sri Lanka | {{UN population|Sri Lanka}} | $80.4 billion | ✔ | ✔ |- |{{Flag|Thailand}} | Prime Minister | Prayuth Chan-o-cha, Prime Minister of Thailand | King Vajiralongkorn (Tenth Rama), King of Thailand | {{UN population|Thailand}} | $409.724 billion | ✔ | ✖ |} ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bay of Bengal]] iltk5vg4rz4atzfd1vuzo16cxqb6dj8 10369218 10369207 2025-07-03T08:26:28Z 79.221.247.172 Fixed Source3. Hopefully. 10369218 wikitext text/x-wiki '''The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation''' (BIMSTEC) is an international organization with seven member countries in South Asia and South East Asia.<ref name="lead1">[http://www.indiawrites.org/bimstec-building-bridges-between-south-asia-southeast-asia/ BIMSTEC: Building bridges between South Asia & Southeast Asia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051536/http://www.indiawrites.org/bimstec-building-bridges-between-south-asia-southeast-asia/|date=2017-12-22}}, IndiaWrites, 2014.</ref> The member countries of this organization are Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Nepal and Bhutan. All these are countries are around the Bay of Bengal.<ref>http://www.thedailystar.net/op-ed/economics/regional-economic-integration-the-bay-bengal-660181</ref> == Lead == Each country leads the organization for two years in [[alphabetical order]]. It started with Bangladesh in 1997-1999.<ref name="Summit declaration">{{Cite web|title=Third BIMSTEC Summit Declaration|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=104505|access-date=12 March 2014}}</ref><ref name="BIMSTEC Chairmanship">{{cite web|url=https://bimstec.org/chairmanship|title=BIMSTEC Chairmanship|author=The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC)|date=2025|access-date=2025-07-03|archive-url=https://archive.md/4afYB|archive-date=2025-07-03}}</ref> == Member countries == {| class="wikitable" !Country Name ! Headship ! Chief Executive Officer ! Government leadership ! population ( {{UN population|Year}} ) {{UN population|ref}} ! Domestic production [[Gross domestic product|(nominal)]] ! [[World Bank]] ! South Asian Association |- |{{Flag|Bangladesh}} | Prime Minister | Zeke Hasina, Prime Minister of Bengal | Abdul Hameed, President of the Republic of Bengal | {{UN population|Bangladesh}} | $285.8 billion | ✔ | ✔ |- |{{Flag|Bhutan}} | Prime Minister | Tasso Tsering Wanchuk, Prime Minister of Bhutan | Jigmi Kesar Namjil Wangchuck, King of Bhutan | {{UN population|Bhutan}} | $2.2 billion | ✔ | ✔ |- |{{Flag|India}} | Prime Minister | [[Narendra Modi]] , Prime Minister of India | Ram Nath Kovind, President of the Republic | {{UN population|India}} | $2308.0 bn | ✔ | ✔ |- |{{Flag|Myanmar}} | Chairman | colspan="2" | Win Myint, President of Myanmar | {{UN population|Myanmar}} | $68.277 billion | ✔ | ✖ |- |{{Flag|Nepal}} | Prime Minister | Khadka Prasad Oli, Prime Minister of Nepal | Pitya Devi Bhandari, President of Nepal | {{UN population|Nepal}} | $74.020 bn | ✔ | ✔ |- |{{Flag|Sri Lanka}} | President of the Republic | Ranil Vikram Singh, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka | Maithripala Sirisena, President of Sri Lanka | {{UN population|Sri Lanka}} | $80.4 billion | ✔ | ✔ |- |{{Flag|Thailand}} | Prime Minister | Prayuth Chan-o-cha, Prime Minister of Thailand | King Vajiralongkorn (Tenth Rama), King of Thailand | {{UN population|Thailand}} | $409.724 billion | ✔ | ✖ |} ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bay of Bengal]] owxzmhhsnhdbsgqlifrkhy5xm296hri 0 1044227 10368261 10367302 2025-07-02T21:04:07Z Greenock125 652309 /* Discography */ 10368261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = Lewis Capaldi | image = Glasto2023 (173 of 468) (53008351732) (cropped).jpg | caption = Capaldi performing at [[Glastonbury Festival]] | background = solo_singer | birth_name = Lewis Marc Capaldi | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1977|10|7}} | birth_place = [[Glasgow]], Scotland | origin = | occupation = Singer-songwriter | instrument = {{flatlist| * Vocals * guitar * piano }} | genre = {{flatlist| * [[Pop music|Pop]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/reviews/lewis-capaldi-divinely-uninspired-to-a-hellish-extent-review-2488217|title=Lewis Capaldi – 'Divinely Uninspired to a Hellish Extent' review|work=[[NME]]|last=Bassett|first=Jordan|date=16 May 2019|access-date=25 July 2021}}</ref> * [[blue-eyed soul]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Lynskey|first=Dorian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2019/aug/17/lewis-capaldi-princes-street-gardens-edinburgh-live-review-dorian-lynskey|title=Lewis Capaldi review – an ecstatic sense of homecoming|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=17 August 2019|access-date=7 November 2019}}</ref> * [[soft rock]] * [[alternative rock]] }} | label = {{flatlist| * [[:en:Virgin EMI Records|EMI]] * [[Vertigo Records|Vertigo]] * [[Universal Music Group|Universal]] * [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] }} | years_active = 2013–present | website = {{URL|lewiscapaldi.com}} }} '''Lewis Marc Capaldi''' (born 7 October 1996) is a [[Scotland|Scottish]] [[singer-songwriter]] and [[musician]]. In March 2019, his single "[[:en:Someone You Loved|Someone You Loved]]" (2018) topped the [[UK Singles Chart]] where it remained for seven weeks, and in November 2019, it reached number one on the US [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]]; it was nominated at the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards for Song of the Year and won the 2020 Brit Award for Song of the Year. "Someone You Loved" was the bestselling single of 2019 in the UK. In May 2020, it was announced that Capaldi's song "Someone You Loved" had become the longest-running top 10 UK single of all time by a British artist.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-06|title=Lewis Capaldi sets UK chart record with "Someone You Loved": "This is absolutely wild"|url=http://abcnewsradioonline.com/music-news/2020/4/29/lewis-capaldi-sets-uk-chart-record-with-someone-you-loved-th.html|access-date=2024-02-01|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2020-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506004752/http://abcnewsradioonline.com/music-news/2020/4/29/lewis-capaldi-sets-uk-chart-record-with-someone-you-loved-th.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Early life== Capaldi was born in [[Glasgow]], [[Scotland]]. Capaldi's passion for performing started after he sang on stage at the age of 4 on a family trip in [[France]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dork|date=2019-05-13|title=How Lewis Capaldi became the most unlikely ruler of Planet Pop|url=https://readdork.com/features/lewis-capaldi-interview-may19/|access-date=2024-02-01|website=Dork|language=en-US}}</ref> He learned how to play guitar when he was nine.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lewis Capaldi interview: on his plans for the future - The Skinny|url=https://www.theskinny.co.uk/music/interviews/lewis-capaldi-on-his-plans-for-the-future|access-date=2024-02-01|website=www.theskinny.co.uk|language=en}}</ref> Soon, he began writing songs, and playing gigs by sneaking into [[Public house|pubs]] with the help of his eldest brother.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-24|title=Lewis Capaldi: I don't have a clue about writing a hit, or about Instagram|url=https://www.irishnews.com/arts/2019/05/24/news/lewis-capaldi-i-don-t-have-a-clue-about-writing-a-hit-or-about-instagram-1621640/|access-date=2024-02-01|website=The Irish News|language=en}}</ref> ==Personal life== Capaldi is a fan of [[association football]] and supports the Glasgow-based [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic F.C]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Keyden|first=by Nicholas|last2=Updated|date=2020-02-07|title=Celtic-daft Lewis Capaldi declares love for 'Glasgow's green and white'|url=https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/entertainment/celebrity/celtic-daft-lewis-capaldi-declares-21448568|access-date=2024-02-01|website=Daily Record|language=en}}</ref> On his father's side, his first cousin twice removed is the actor [[Peter Capaldi]], who appeared in his music video for "Someone You Loved".<ref>{{Cite web|last=McMonagle|first=Mickey|date=2018-02-23|title=Lewis Capaldi meets long-lost relative at London gig as Doctor Who appears|url=https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/entertainment/music/music-news/rising-scottish-star-lewis-capaldi-12079123|access-date=2024-02-01|website=Daily Record|language=en}}</ref> During the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], he moved back to his parents' house in Whitburn, Scotland, to work on his second album. In April 2023, his documentary ''How I'm Feeling Now'' was released on [[Netflix]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shutler|first=Ali|date=2023-04-04|title=What we learned from Lewis Capaldi's new Netflix doc|url=https://www.nme.com/features/film-features/lewis-capaldi-how-im-feeling-now-netflix-film-documentary-3425693|access-date=2024-02-01|website=NME|language=en-GB}}</ref> Capaldi has been in a relationship with Scottish actress Ellie MacDowall as of June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Who Is Lewis Capaldi's Girlfriend? All About Ellie MacDowall|url=https://people.com/who-is-ellie-macdowall-lewis-capaldi-7557942|access-date=2024-02-01|website=Peoplemag|language=en}}</ref> ==Discography== ===Studio albums=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:22em;"| Title ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:20em;"| Details ! scope="col" colspan="10"| Peak chart positions ! scope="co1" rowspan="2"| Certifications |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Official Charts|SCO]]<br/><ref name="OCC">{{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/51369/lewis-capaldi/|title=Lewis Capaldi {{!}} full Official Chart history|publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]}}</ref> ! scope="co1" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[ARIA Charts|AUS]]<br/><ref name="AUS">{{cite web|url=https://australian-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Lewis+Capaldi|title=Discography Lewis Capaldi|website=australian-charts.com}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Ultratop|BEL]]<br/><ref name="BEL">{{cite web|url=https://www.ultratop.be/nl/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Lewis+Capaldi|title=Discografie Lewis Capaldi|publisher=[[Ultratop]]}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[GfK Entertainment charts|GER]]<br/><ref name="GER">{{cite web|url=https://www.offiziellecharts.de/suche?artist_search=Lewis+Capaldi&do_search=do|title=Discographie Lewis Capaldi|publisher=[[GfK Entertainment Charts]]}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Irish Albums Chart|IRE]]<br/><ref name="IRE">{{cite web|url=http://irish-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Lewis+Capaldi|title=Discography Lewis Capaldi|website=irish-charts.com}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[VG-lista|NOR]]<br/><ref name="NOR">{{cite web|url=https://norwegiancharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Lewis+Capaldi|title=Discography Lewis Capaldi|website=norwegiancharts.com}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Official New Zealand Music Chart|NZ]]<br/><ref name="NZ">{{cite web|url=https://charts.nz/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Lewis+Capaldi|title=Discography Lewis Capaldi|website=charts.nz}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Swiss Hitparade|SWI]]<br/><ref name="SWI">{{cite web|url=https://hitparade.ch/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Lewis+Capaldi|title=Discographie Lewis Capaldi|website=hitparade.ch|language=German}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[UK Albums Chart|UK]]<br/><ref name="OCC"/> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Billboard 200|US]]<br/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/lewis-capaldi/chart-history/tlp/|title=Lewis Capaldi Chart History: Billboard 200|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| ''[[:en:Divinely Uninspired to a Hellish Extent|Divinely Uninspired to a Hellish Extent]]'' | * Released: 17 May 2019 * Label: [[Vertigo Records|Vertigo]], [[Universal Music Group|Universal]], [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] * Format: CD, LP, download, streaming | 1 || 7 || 6 || 7 || 1 || 1 || 3 || 3 || 1 || 20 | * [[British Phonographic Industry|BPI]]: 6× Platinum * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|ARIA]]: Platinum * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI NOR]]: 4× Platinum * [[Music Canada|MC]]: 6× Platinum * [[Recorded Music NZ|RMNZ]]: 4× Platinum |- ! scope="row"| ''[[:en:Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent|Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent]]'' | * Released: 19 May 2023 * Label: Vertigo, Universal, Capitol * Formats: CD, LP, cassette, download, streaming | 1 || 1 || 2 || 4 || 1 || 2 || 1 || 2 || 1 || 14 | * BPI: Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * [[:en:IFPI Danmark|IFPI DEN]]: Gold< * [[Music Canada|MC]]: Gold<ref name="MC"/> |} ===Live albums=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col" style="width:22em;"| Title ! scope="col" style="width:20em;"| Details |- ! scope="row"| ''Live from Wembley''{{efn|group=upper-alpha|Included in ''Divinely Uninspired to a Hellish Extent: Finale''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/lewis-capaldi-announces-new-live-album-as-part-of-deluxe-debut-album-reissue-2826826|title=Lewis Capaldi announces new live album as part of deluxe debut album reissue|publisher=[[NME]]}}</ref>}} | * Released: 4 December 2020 * Label: Vertigo, Universal * Format: CD |} ===Extended plays=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:22em;"| Title ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:20em;"| Details ! scope="col" colspan="3"| Peak chart positions |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Official Charts|SCO]]<br/><ref name="OCC"/> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Canadian Albums Chart|CAN]]<br/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/lewis-capaldi/chart-history/cna/|title=Lewis Capaldi Chart History: Canadian Albums|work=Billboard}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Official Charts|UK<br>Down.]]<br/><ref name="OCC"/> |- ! scope="row"| ''Bloom'' | * Released: 20 October 2017 * Label: Vertigo, Universal * Format: Download, streaming | — || — || — |- ! scope="row"| ''[[:en:Breach (Lewis Capaldi EP)|Breach]]'' | * Released: 8 November 2018 * Label: Vertigo, Universal * Format: Download, streaming | — || 95 || — |- ! scope="row"| ''Deezer Sessions'' | * Released: 16 November 2018 * Label: Vertigo, Universal * Format: Streaming | — || — || — |- ! scope="row"| ''Spotify Singles'' | * Released: 12 June 2019 * Label: Vertigo, Universal * Format: Streaming, LP | — || — || — |- ! scope="row"| ''Up Next Live From Apple Champs-Élysées'' | * Released: 30 August 2019 * Label: Vertigo, Universal * Format: Download, streaming | — || — || — |- ! scope="row"| ''To Tell the Truth I Can't Believe We Got This Far'' | * Released: 15 May 2020 * Label: Vertigo, Universal * Format: Download, streaming | 8 || — || 5 |- ! scope="row"| ''Spotify Singles'' | * Released: 22 September 2022 * Label: Vertigo, Universal * Format: Streaming, LP | — || — || — |- ! scope="row"| ''All the Rest'' | * Released: 16 May 2025 * Label: Vertigo, Universal * Format: Streaming | — || — || — |- | colspan="15" style="font-size:85%"| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. |} ===Singles=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:14em;"| Title ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:1em;"| Year ! scope="col" colspan="10"| Peak chart positions ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Certifications ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[ARIA Charts|AUS]]<br/><ref name="AUS"/> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Ultratop|BEL]]<br/><ref name="BEL"/> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Canadian Hot 100|CAN]]<br/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/lewis-capaldi/chart-history/can/|title=Lewis Capaldi Chart History: Canadian Hot 100|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Irish Singles Chart|IRE]]<br/><ref name="IRE"/> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[VG-lista|NOR]]<br/><ref name="NOR"/> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Official New Zealand Music Chart|NZ]]<br/><ref name="NZ"/> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Sverigetopplistan|SWE]]<br/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://swedishcharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Lewis+Capaldi|title=Discography Lewis Capaldi|website=swedishcharts.com}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Swiss Hitparade|SWI]]<br/><ref name="SWI"/> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[UK Singles Chart|UK]]<br/><ref name="OCC"/> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Billboard Hot 100|US]]<br/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/lewis-capaldi/chart-history/hsi/|title=Lewis Capaldi Chart History: Hot 100|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| "[[:en:Bruises (Lewis Capaldi song)|Bruises]]"<br/>{{small|(original or live orchestral version)}} | rowspan="3"| 2017 | 46 || —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Bruises" did not enter the Flemish Ultratop 50, but peaked at number three on the [[Ultratop#Ultratip|Ultratip]] chart.}} || 67 || 8 || 15 || 40 || 43 || 42 || 6 || —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Bruises" did not enter the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 22 on the [[Billboard (magazine)|Bubbling Under Hot 100]] chart.<ref name="Bubbling">{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/lewis-capaldi/chart-history/hbu/|title=Lewis Capaldi Chart History: Bubbling Under Hot 100|work=Billboard|access-date=31 May 2023}}</ref>}} | * BPI: 4× Platinum * ARIA: 7× Platinum * [[:en:Swedish Recording Industry Association|GLF]]: Platinum * [[Music Canada|MC]]: 8× Platinum * RMNZ: 5× Platinum | rowspan="3"| ''Divinely Uninspired to a Hellish Extent''{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Bruises", "Lost on You" and "Fade" also feature on Capaldi's debut extended play ''Bloom''.|name=Bloom}} |- ! scope="row"| "[[:en:Lost on You (Lewis Capaldi song)|Lost on You]]" | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —{{efn|"Lost on you" did not enter the UK Singles Chart, as chart rules only allow three songs per artist to chart within the top 100 at a time, but peaked at number 38 on the UK Streaming Chart.<ref name="OASC20230526">{{cite web | title=Official Audio Streaming Chart on 26&#x2F;5&#x2F;2023 |publisher=[[Official Charts Company]] |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/streaming-chart/20190524/7510/ |accessdate=2024-02-14}}</ref>|group=upper-alpha}} || — | * BPI: Gold * ARIA: Gold * MC: Gold * RMNZ: Gold |- ! scope="row"| "[[:en:Fade (Lewis Capaldi song)|Fade]]" | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —{{efn|"Fade" did not enter the UK Singles Chart, as chart rules only allow three songs per artist to chart within the top 100 at a time, but peaked at number 52 on the UK Streaming Chart.<ref name="OASC20230526"/>|group=upper-alpha}} || — | * BPI: Gold |- ! scope="row"| "[[:en:Rush (Lewis Capaldi song)|Rush]]"<br/><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring [[Jessie Reyez]])</span> | rowspan="4"| 2018 | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | * BPI: Silver * ARIA: Gold | {{n/a|Non-album single}} |- ! scope="row"| "[[:en:Tough (Lewis Capaldi song)|Tough]]" | — || — || — || 39 || — || — || — || — || — || — | * BPI: Silver * ARIA: Gold | ''Breach'' |- ! scope="row"| "[[:en:Grace (Lewis Capaldi song)|Grace]]" | — || — || — || 10 || — || — || — || — || 9 || — | * BPI: 3× Platinum * ARIA: 2× Platinum * MC: Gold * RMNZ: Platinum | rowspan="4"| ''Divinely Uninspired to a Hellish Extent''{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Grace" and "Someone You Loved" also feature on Capaldi's second extended play ''Breach''.|name=Breach}}{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Before You Go" only appears on the expanded edition of ''Divinely Uninspired to a Hellish Extent''.}} |- ! scope="row"| "[[:en:Someone You Loved|Someone You Loved]]" | 4 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 3 || 4 || 6 || 3 || 1 || 1 | * BPI: 10× Platinum * ARIA: 15× Platinum * [[:en:Belgian Entertainment Association|BEA]]: 3× Platinum * GLF: 3× Platinum * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI NOR]]: Platinum * MC: Diamond * [[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]]: Diamond * RMNZ: 10× Platinum |- ! scope="row"| "[[:en:Hold Me While You Wait|Hold Me While You Wait]]" | rowspan="2"| 2019 | — || —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Hold Me While You Wait" did not enter the Flemish Ultratop 50, but peaked at number 20 on the Ultratip chart.}} || — || 1 || — || —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Hold Me While You Wait" did not enter the NZ Top 40 Singles Chart, but peaked at number 13 on the NZ Top 40 Hot Singles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/hot-singles/2019-05-10|title=NZ Top 40 Hot Singles|publisher=Recorded Music NZ|date=13 May 2019|access-date=21 September 2022}}</ref>}} || 77 || 63 || 4 || — | * BPI: 4× Platinum * ARIA: 4× Platinum * MC: 2× Platinum * RMNZ: 3× Platinum |- ! scope="row"| "[[:en:Before You Go (Lewis Capaldi song)|Before You Go]]" | 7 || 2 || 16 || 1 || 9 || 9 || 23 || 5 || 1 || 9 | * BPI: 4× Platinum * ARIA: 9× Platinum * BEA: Platinum * MC: 4× Platinum * RIAA: Platinum * RMNZ: 6× Platinum |- ! scope="row"| "[[:en:Forget Me|Forget Me]]" | rowspan="2"| 2022 | 21 || 5 || 11 || 2 || 13 || 22 || 35 || 38 || 1 || 58 | * BPI: Platinum * ARIA: 2× Platinum * BEA: Gold * RMNZ: Platinum | rowspan="4"| ''Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent'' |- ! scope="row"| "[[:en:Pointless (song)|Pointless]]" | — || 34 || — || 7 || — || —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Pointless" did not enter the NZ Top 40 Singles Chart, but peaked at number four on the NZ Hot Singles Chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/hot-singles/2022-12-09|title=NZ Hot Singles Chart|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|date=12 December 2022|access-date=10 December 2022}}</ref>}} || 48 || 61 || 1 || — | * BPI: Platinum * ARIA: Gold * RMNZ: Gold |- ! scope="row"| "[[:en:Wish You the Best (song)|Wish You the Best]]" | 2023 | 23 || 16 || 19 || 4 || 28 || 22 || 77 || 34 || 1 || —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Wish You the Best" did not enter the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number three on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} | * BPI: Platinum * ARIA: Platinum * BEA: Gold * MC: 2× Platinum * RMNZ: Platinum |- ! scope="row"| "[[:en:Strangers (Lewis Capaldi song)|Strangers]]"{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Strangers" appears on the extended edition of ''Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent''.}} | 2024 | — || 48 || — || 70 || — || —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Strangers" did not enter the NZ Top 40 Singles Chart, but peaked at number 12 on the NZ Hot Singles Chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/hot-singles/2024-01-26|title=NZ Hot Singles Chart|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|date=29 January 2024|access-date=26 January 2024}}</ref>}} || 42 || — || 37 || — | |- ! scope="row"| "[[:en:Survive (Lewis Capaldi song)|Survive]]" | 2025 | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | | {{TBA}} |- | colspan="15" style="font-size:85%"| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. |} ===Promotional singles=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:14em;"| Title ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:1em;"| Year ! scope="col" colspan="4"| Peak chart positions ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Certifications ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Irish Singles Chart|IRE]]<br/><ref name="IRE"/> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Official New Zealand Music Chart|NZ<br/>Hot]]<br/><ref>Peaks of promotional singles in New Zealand: * "How I'm Feeling Now": {{cite web|url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/hot-singles/2023-03-24|title=NZ Hot Singles Chart|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|date=27 March 2023}} * "Love the Hell Out of You": {{cite web|url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/hot-singles/2024-09-13|title=NZ Hot Singles Chart|publisher=Recorded Music NZ|date=19 August 2024}} </ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Sverigetopplistan|SWE<br/>Heat.]]<br/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sverigetopplistan.se/chart/215?dspy=2023&dspp=12|title=Veckolista Heatseeker, vecka 12|publisher=[[Sverigetopplistan]]}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[UK Singles Chart|UK]]<br/><ref name="OCC"/> |- ! scope="row"| "How I'm Feeling Now" | 2023 | 20 || 10 || 9 || 24 | * BPI: Silver | ''Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent'' |- ! scope="row"| "Love the Hell Out of You" | 2024 | 71 || 15 || — || — | | ''[[:en:It Ends with Us|It Ends with Us]]'' (soundtrack) |- ! scope="row"| "[[Everytime]]"<br><small>(BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge)</small> | 2025 | — || — || — || —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Everytime" did not enter the UK Singles Chart but debuted at number 36 on the UK Singles Downloads Chart and at number 58 on the UK Singles Sales Chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/songs/lewis-capaldi-everytime/|title=Lewis Capaldi - Everytime|website=Official Charts|date=18 April 2025|access-date=18 April 2025}}</ref>}} | | {{Non-album single}} |- | colspan="15" style="font-size:85%"| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. |} ==Notes== {{notelist-ua}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commonscat}} *{{official|http://www.lewiscapaldi.com}} *{{Instagram}} *{{IMDb name}} *{{Twitter}} * [https://www.paradigmagency.com/music/lewis-capaldi/ Lewis Capaldi Profile on Agent Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803033510/https://www.paradigmagency.com/music/lewis-capaldi/ |date=3 August 2020 }} {{bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Capaldi, Lewis}} [[Category:1996 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Scottish singer-songwriters]] [[Category:Musicians from Glasgow]] nf2vry6z8rooc9q69ct4bkok33bzxoy 10368264 10368261 2025-07-02T21:06:23Z Greenock125 652309 /* Discography */ 10368264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = Lewis Capaldi | image = Glasto2023 (173 of 468) (53008351732) (cropped).jpg | caption = Capaldi performing at [[Glastonbury Festival]] | background = solo_singer | birth_name = Lewis Marc Capaldi | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1977|10|7}} | birth_place = [[Glasgow]], Scotland | origin = | occupation = Singer-songwriter | instrument = {{flatlist| * Vocals * guitar * piano }} | genre = {{flatlist| * [[Pop music|Pop]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/reviews/lewis-capaldi-divinely-uninspired-to-a-hellish-extent-review-2488217|title=Lewis Capaldi – 'Divinely Uninspired to a Hellish Extent' review|work=[[NME]]|last=Bassett|first=Jordan|date=16 May 2019|access-date=25 July 2021}}</ref> * [[blue-eyed soul]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Lynskey|first=Dorian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2019/aug/17/lewis-capaldi-princes-street-gardens-edinburgh-live-review-dorian-lynskey|title=Lewis Capaldi review – an ecstatic sense of homecoming|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=17 August 2019|access-date=7 November 2019}}</ref> * [[soft rock]] * [[alternative rock]] }} | label = {{flatlist| * [[:en:Virgin EMI Records|EMI]] * [[Vertigo Records|Vertigo]] * [[Universal Music Group|Universal]] * [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] }} | years_active = 2013–present | website = {{URL|lewiscapaldi.com}} }} '''Lewis Marc Capaldi''' (born 7 October 1996) is a [[Scotland|Scottish]] [[singer-songwriter]] and [[musician]]. In March 2019, his single "[[:en:Someone You Loved|Someone You Loved]]" (2018) topped the [[UK Singles Chart]] where it remained for seven weeks, and in November 2019, it reached number one on the US [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]]; it was nominated at the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards for Song of the Year and won the 2020 Brit Award for Song of the Year. "Someone You Loved" was the bestselling single of 2019 in the UK. In May 2020, it was announced that Capaldi's song "Someone You Loved" had become the longest-running top 10 UK single of all time by a British artist.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-06|title=Lewis Capaldi sets UK chart record with "Someone You Loved": "This is absolutely wild"|url=http://abcnewsradioonline.com/music-news/2020/4/29/lewis-capaldi-sets-uk-chart-record-with-someone-you-loved-th.html|access-date=2024-02-01|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2020-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506004752/http://abcnewsradioonline.com/music-news/2020/4/29/lewis-capaldi-sets-uk-chart-record-with-someone-you-loved-th.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Early life== Capaldi was born in [[Glasgow]], [[Scotland]]. Capaldi's passion for performing started after he sang on stage at the age of 4 on a family trip in [[France]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dork|date=2019-05-13|title=How Lewis Capaldi became the most unlikely ruler of Planet Pop|url=https://readdork.com/features/lewis-capaldi-interview-may19/|access-date=2024-02-01|website=Dork|language=en-US}}</ref> He learned how to play guitar when he was nine.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lewis Capaldi interview: on his plans for the future - The Skinny|url=https://www.theskinny.co.uk/music/interviews/lewis-capaldi-on-his-plans-for-the-future|access-date=2024-02-01|website=www.theskinny.co.uk|language=en}}</ref> Soon, he began writing songs, and playing gigs by sneaking into [[Public house|pubs]] with the help of his eldest brother.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-24|title=Lewis Capaldi: I don't have a clue about writing a hit, or about Instagram|url=https://www.irishnews.com/arts/2019/05/24/news/lewis-capaldi-i-don-t-have-a-clue-about-writing-a-hit-or-about-instagram-1621640/|access-date=2024-02-01|website=The Irish News|language=en}}</ref> ==Personal life== Capaldi is a fan of [[association football]] and supports the Glasgow-based [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic F.C]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Keyden|first=by Nicholas|last2=Updated|date=2020-02-07|title=Celtic-daft Lewis Capaldi declares love for 'Glasgow's green and white'|url=https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/entertainment/celebrity/celtic-daft-lewis-capaldi-declares-21448568|access-date=2024-02-01|website=Daily Record|language=en}}</ref> On his father's side, his first cousin twice removed is the actor [[Peter Capaldi]], who appeared in his music video for "Someone You Loved".<ref>{{Cite web|last=McMonagle|first=Mickey|date=2018-02-23|title=Lewis Capaldi meets long-lost relative at London gig as Doctor Who appears|url=https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/entertainment/music/music-news/rising-scottish-star-lewis-capaldi-12079123|access-date=2024-02-01|website=Daily Record|language=en}}</ref> During the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], he moved back to his parents' house in Whitburn, Scotland, to work on his second album. In April 2023, his documentary ''How I'm Feeling Now'' was released on [[Netflix]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shutler|first=Ali|date=2023-04-04|title=What we learned from Lewis Capaldi's new Netflix doc|url=https://www.nme.com/features/film-features/lewis-capaldi-how-im-feeling-now-netflix-film-documentary-3425693|access-date=2024-02-01|website=NME|language=en-GB}}</ref> Capaldi has been in a relationship with Scottish actress Ellie MacDowall as of June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Who Is Lewis Capaldi's Girlfriend? All About Ellie MacDowall|url=https://people.com/who-is-ellie-macdowall-lewis-capaldi-7557942|access-date=2024-02-01|website=Peoplemag|language=en}}</ref> ==Discography== ===Studio albums=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:22em;"| Title ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:20em;"| Details ! scope="col" colspan="10"| Peak chart positions ! scope="co1" rowspan="2"| Certifications |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Official Charts|SCO]]<br/><ref name="OCC">{{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/51369/lewis-capaldi/|title=Lewis Capaldi {{!}} full Official Chart history|publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]}}</ref> ! scope="co1" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[ARIA Charts|AUS]]<br/><ref name="AUS">{{cite web|url=https://australian-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Lewis+Capaldi|title=Discography Lewis Capaldi|website=australian-charts.com}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Ultratop|BEL]]<br/><ref name="BEL">{{cite web|url=https://www.ultratop.be/nl/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Lewis+Capaldi|title=Discografie Lewis Capaldi|publisher=[[Ultratop]]}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[GfK Entertainment charts|GER]]<br/><ref name="GER">{{cite web|url=https://www.offiziellecharts.de/suche?artist_search=Lewis+Capaldi&do_search=do|title=Discographie Lewis Capaldi|publisher=[[GfK Entertainment Charts]]}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Irish Albums Chart|IRE]]<br/><ref name="IRE">{{cite web|url=http://irish-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Lewis+Capaldi|title=Discography Lewis Capaldi|website=irish-charts.com}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[VG-lista|NOR]]<br/><ref name="NOR">{{cite web|url=https://norwegiancharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Lewis+Capaldi|title=Discography Lewis Capaldi|website=norwegiancharts.com}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Official New Zealand Music Chart|NZ]]<br/><ref name="NZ">{{cite web|url=https://charts.nz/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Lewis+Capaldi|title=Discography Lewis Capaldi|website=charts.nz}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Swiss Hitparade|SWI]]<br/><ref name="SWI">{{cite web|url=https://hitparade.ch/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Lewis+Capaldi|title=Discographie Lewis Capaldi|website=hitparade.ch|language=German}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[UK Albums Chart|UK]]<br/><ref name="OCC"/> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Billboard 200|US]]<br/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/lewis-capaldi/chart-history/tlp/|title=Lewis Capaldi Chart History: Billboard 200|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| ''[[:en:Divinely Uninspired to a Hellish Extent|Divinely Uninspired to a Hellish Extent]]'' | * Released: 17 May 2019 * Label: [[Vertigo Records|Vertigo]], [[Universal Music Group|Universal]], [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] * Format: CD, LP, download, streaming | 1 || 7 || 6 || 7 || 1 || 1 || 3 || 3 || 1 || 20 | * [[British Phonographic Industry|BPI]]: 6× Platinum * [[Australian Recording Industry Association|ARIA]]: Platinum * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI NOR]]: 4× Platinum * [[Music Canada|MC]]: 6× Platinum * [[Recorded Music NZ|RMNZ]]: 4× Platinum |- ! scope="row"| ''[[:en:Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent|Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent]]'' | * Released: 19 May 2023 * Label: Vertigo, Universal, Capitol * Formats: CD, LP, cassette, download, streaming | 1 || 1 || 2 || 4 || 1 || 2 || 1 || 2 || 1 || 14 | * BPI: Platinum * [[:en:IFPI Danmark|IFPI DEN]]: Gold * [[Music Canada|MC]]: Gold |} ===Live albums=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col" style="width:22em;"| Title ! scope="col" style="width:20em;"| Details |- ! scope="row"| ''Live from Wembley''{{efn|group=upper-alpha|Included in ''Divinely Uninspired to a Hellish Extent: Finale''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/lewis-capaldi-announces-new-live-album-as-part-of-deluxe-debut-album-reissue-2826826|title=Lewis Capaldi announces new live album as part of deluxe debut album reissue|publisher=[[NME]]}}</ref>}} | * Released: 4 December 2020 * Label: Vertigo, Universal * Format: CD |} ===Extended plays=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:22em;"| Title ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:20em;"| Details ! scope="col" colspan="3"| Peak chart positions |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Official Charts|SCO]]<br/><ref name="OCC"/> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Canadian Albums Chart|CAN]]<br/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/lewis-capaldi/chart-history/cna/|title=Lewis Capaldi Chart History: Canadian Albums|work=Billboard}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Official Charts|UK<br>Down.]]<br/><ref name="OCC"/> |- ! scope="row"| ''Bloom'' | * Released: 20 October 2017 * Label: Vertigo, Universal * Format: Download, streaming | — || — || — |- ! scope="row"| ''[[:en:Breach (Lewis Capaldi EP)|Breach]]'' | * Released: 8 November 2018 * Label: Vertigo, Universal * Format: Download, streaming | — || 95 || — |- ! scope="row"| ''Deezer Sessions'' | * Released: 16 November 2018 * Label: Vertigo, Universal * Format: Streaming | — || — || — |- ! scope="row"| ''Spotify Singles'' | * Released: 12 June 2019 * Label: Vertigo, Universal * Format: Streaming, LP | — || — || — |- ! scope="row"| ''Up Next Live From Apple Champs-Élysées'' | * Released: 30 August 2019 * Label: Vertigo, Universal * Format: Download, streaming | — || — || — |- ! scope="row"| ''To Tell the Truth I Can't Believe We Got This Far'' | * Released: 15 May 2020 * Label: Vertigo, Universal * Format: Download, streaming | 8 || — || 5 |- ! scope="row"| ''Spotify Singles'' | * Released: 22 September 2022 * Label: Vertigo, Universal * Format: Streaming, LP | — || — || — |- ! scope="row"| ''All the Rest'' | * Released: 16 May 2025 * Label: Vertigo, Universal * Format: Streaming | — || — || — |- | colspan="15" style="font-size:85%"| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. |} ===Singles=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:14em;"| Title ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:1em;"| Year ! scope="col" colspan="10"| Peak chart positions ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Certifications ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[ARIA Charts|AUS]]<br/><ref name="AUS"/> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Ultratop|BEL]]<br/><ref name="BEL"/> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Canadian Hot 100|CAN]]<br/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/lewis-capaldi/chart-history/can/|title=Lewis Capaldi Chart History: Canadian Hot 100|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Irish Singles Chart|IRE]]<br/><ref name="IRE"/> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[VG-lista|NOR]]<br/><ref name="NOR"/> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Official New Zealand Music Chart|NZ]]<br/><ref name="NZ"/> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Sverigetopplistan|SWE]]<br/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://swedishcharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Lewis+Capaldi|title=Discography Lewis Capaldi|website=swedishcharts.com}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Swiss Hitparade|SWI]]<br/><ref name="SWI"/> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[UK Singles Chart|UK]]<br/><ref name="OCC"/> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Billboard Hot 100|US]]<br/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/lewis-capaldi/chart-history/hsi/|title=Lewis Capaldi Chart History: Hot 100|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| "[[:en:Bruises (Lewis Capaldi song)|Bruises]]"<br/>{{small|(original or live orchestral version)}} | rowspan="3"| 2017 | 46 || —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Bruises" did not enter the Flemish Ultratop 50, but peaked at number three on the [[Ultratop#Ultratip|Ultratip]] chart.}} || 67 || 8 || 15 || 40 || 43 || 42 || 6 || —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Bruises" did not enter the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 22 on the [[Billboard (magazine)|Bubbling Under Hot 100]] chart.<ref name="Bubbling">{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/lewis-capaldi/chart-history/hbu/|title=Lewis Capaldi Chart History: Bubbling Under Hot 100|work=Billboard|access-date=31 May 2023}}</ref>}} | * BPI: 4× Platinum * ARIA: 7× Platinum * [[:en:Swedish Recording Industry Association|GLF]]: Platinum * [[Music Canada|MC]]: 8× Platinum * RMNZ: 5× Platinum | rowspan="3"| ''Divinely Uninspired to a Hellish Extent''{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Bruises", "Lost on You" and "Fade" also feature on Capaldi's debut extended play ''Bloom''.|name=Bloom}} |- ! scope="row"| "[[:en:Lost on You (Lewis Capaldi song)|Lost on You]]" | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —{{efn|"Lost on you" did not enter the UK Singles Chart, as chart rules only allow three songs per artist to chart within the top 100 at a time, but peaked at number 38 on the UK Streaming Chart.<ref name="OASC20230526">{{cite web | title=Official Audio Streaming Chart on 26&#x2F;5&#x2F;2023 |publisher=[[Official Charts Company]] |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/streaming-chart/20190524/7510/ |accessdate=2024-02-14}}</ref>|group=upper-alpha}} || — | * BPI: Gold * ARIA: Gold * MC: Gold * RMNZ: Gold |- ! scope="row"| "[[:en:Fade (Lewis Capaldi song)|Fade]]" | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —{{efn|"Fade" did not enter the UK Singles Chart, as chart rules only allow three songs per artist to chart within the top 100 at a time, but peaked at number 52 on the UK Streaming Chart.<ref name="OASC20230526"/>|group=upper-alpha}} || — | * BPI: Gold |- ! scope="row"| "[[:en:Rush (Lewis Capaldi song)|Rush]]"<br/><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring [[Jessie Reyez]])</span> | rowspan="4"| 2018 | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | * BPI: Silver * ARIA: Gold | {{n/a|Non-album single}} |- ! scope="row"| "[[:en:Tough (Lewis Capaldi song)|Tough]]" | — || — || — || 39 || — || — || — || — || — || — | * BPI: Silver * ARIA: Gold | ''Breach'' |- ! scope="row"| "[[:en:Grace (Lewis Capaldi song)|Grace]]" | — || — || — || 10 || — || — || — || — || 9 || — | * BPI: 3× Platinum * ARIA: 2× Platinum * MC: Gold * RMNZ: Platinum | rowspan="4"| ''Divinely Uninspired to a Hellish Extent''{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Grace" and "Someone You Loved" also feature on Capaldi's second extended play ''Breach''.|name=Breach}}{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Before You Go" only appears on the expanded edition of ''Divinely Uninspired to a Hellish Extent''.}} |- ! scope="row"| "[[:en:Someone You Loved|Someone You Loved]]" | 4 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 3 || 4 || 6 || 3 || 1 || 1 | * BPI: 10× Platinum * ARIA: 15× Platinum * [[:en:Belgian Entertainment Association|BEA]]: 3× Platinum * GLF: 3× Platinum * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI NOR]]: Platinum * MC: Diamond * [[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]]: Diamond * RMNZ: 10× Platinum |- ! scope="row"| "[[:en:Hold Me While You Wait|Hold Me While You Wait]]" | rowspan="2"| 2019 | — || —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Hold Me While You Wait" did not enter the Flemish Ultratop 50, but peaked at number 20 on the Ultratip chart.}} || — || 1 || — || —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Hold Me While You Wait" did not enter the NZ Top 40 Singles Chart, but peaked at number 13 on the NZ Top 40 Hot Singles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/hot-singles/2019-05-10|title=NZ Top 40 Hot Singles|publisher=Recorded Music NZ|date=13 May 2019|access-date=21 September 2022}}</ref>}} || 77 || 63 || 4 || — | * BPI: 4× Platinum * ARIA: 4× Platinum * MC: 2× Platinum * RMNZ: 3× Platinum |- ! scope="row"| "[[:en:Before You Go (Lewis Capaldi song)|Before You Go]]" | 7 || 2 || 16 || 1 || 9 || 9 || 23 || 5 || 1 || 9 | * BPI: 4× Platinum * ARIA: 9× Platinum * BEA: Platinum * MC: 4× Platinum * RIAA: Platinum * RMNZ: 6× Platinum |- ! scope="row"| "[[:en:Forget Me|Forget Me]]" | rowspan="2"| 2022 | 21 || 5 || 11 || 2 || 13 || 22 || 35 || 38 || 1 || 58 | * BPI: Platinum * ARIA: 2× Platinum * BEA: Gold * RMNZ: Platinum | rowspan="4"| ''Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent'' |- ! scope="row"| "[[:en:Pointless (song)|Pointless]]" | — || 34 || — || 7 || — || —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Pointless" did not enter the NZ Top 40 Singles Chart, but peaked at number four on the NZ Hot Singles Chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/hot-singles/2022-12-09|title=NZ Hot Singles Chart|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|date=12 December 2022|access-date=10 December 2022}}</ref>}} || 48 || 61 || 1 || — | * BPI: Platinum * ARIA: Gold * RMNZ: Gold |- ! scope="row"| "[[:en:Wish You the Best (song)|Wish You the Best]]" | 2023 | 23 || 16 || 19 || 4 || 28 || 22 || 77 || 34 || 1 || —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Wish You the Best" did not enter the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number three on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} | * BPI: Platinum * ARIA: Platinum * BEA: Gold * MC: 2× Platinum * RMNZ: Platinum |- ! scope="row"| "[[:en:Strangers (Lewis Capaldi song)|Strangers]]"{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Strangers" appears on the extended edition of ''Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent''.}} | 2024 | — || 48 || — || 70 || — || —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Strangers" did not enter the NZ Top 40 Singles Chart, but peaked at number 12 on the NZ Hot Singles Chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/hot-singles/2024-01-26|title=NZ Hot Singles Chart|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|date=29 January 2024|access-date=26 January 2024}}</ref>}} || 42 || — || 37 || — | |- ! scope="row"| "[[:en:Survive (Lewis Capaldi song)|Survive]]" | 2025 | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | | {{TBA}} |- | colspan="15" style="font-size:85%"| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. |} ===Promotional singles=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:14em;"| Title ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:1em;"| Year ! scope="col" colspan="4"| Peak chart positions ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Certifications ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Irish Singles Chart|IRE]]<br/><ref name="IRE"/> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Official New Zealand Music Chart|NZ<br/>Hot]]<br/><ref>Peaks of promotional singles in New Zealand: * "How I'm Feeling Now": {{cite web|url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/hot-singles/2023-03-24|title=NZ Hot Singles Chart|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|date=27 March 2023}} * "Love the Hell Out of You": {{cite web|url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/hot-singles/2024-09-13|title=NZ Hot Singles Chart|publisher=Recorded Music NZ|date=19 August 2024}} </ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Sverigetopplistan|SWE<br/>Heat.]]<br/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sverigetopplistan.se/chart/215?dspy=2023&dspp=12|title=Veckolista Heatseeker, vecka 12|publisher=[[Sverigetopplistan]]}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[UK Singles Chart|UK]]<br/><ref name="OCC"/> |- ! scope="row"| "How I'm Feeling Now" | 2023 | 20 || 10 || 9 || 24 | * BPI: Silver | ''Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent'' |- ! scope="row"| "Love the Hell Out of You" | 2024 | 71 || 15 || — || — | | ''[[:en:It Ends with Us|It Ends with Us]]'' (soundtrack) |- ! scope="row"| "[[Everytime]]"<br><small>(BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge)</small> | 2025 | — || — || — || —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Everytime" did not enter the UK Singles Chart but debuted at number 36 on the UK Singles Downloads Chart and at number 58 on the UK Singles Sales Chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/songs/lewis-capaldi-everytime/|title=Lewis Capaldi - Everytime|website=Official Charts|date=18 April 2025|access-date=18 April 2025}}</ref>}} | | {{Non-album single}} |- | colspan="15" style="font-size:85%"| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. |} ==Notes== {{notelist-ua}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commonscat}} *{{official|http://www.lewiscapaldi.com}} *{{Instagram}} *{{IMDb name}} *{{Twitter}} * [https://www.paradigmagency.com/music/lewis-capaldi/ Lewis Capaldi Profile on Agent Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803033510/https://www.paradigmagency.com/music/lewis-capaldi/ |date=3 August 2020 }} {{bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Capaldi, Lewis}} [[Category:1996 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Scottish singer-songwriters]] [[Category:Musicians from Glasgow]] rm4xcflr6vr2wfpwvc2kqwi8cmm2xxs 0 1046142 10369308 10273515 2025-07-03T09:37:20Z BlackJack 572554 Added {{[[Template:copyedit|copyedit]]}} and {{[[Template:more sources|more sources]]}} tags to article ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369308 wikitext text/x-wiki {{copyedit|date=July 2025}} {{more sources|date=July 2025}} {{Infobox cricket team | name = Pakistan | image = Pakistan cricket team logo.png | image_size = 150px | alt = Refer to caption | caption = Pakistan Cricket Crest | nickname = Women in Green, Green Shirts | association = [[Pakistan Cricket Board]] | captain = [[Nida Dar]]<ref>{{Cite web|title= Nida Dar appointed Pakistan captain; Mark Coles returns as head coach |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/nida-dar-appointed-pakistan-captain-coles-returns-as-head-coach-1367374 }}</ref> | coach = [[Mohtashim Rasheed]] <small>(interim)</small> |bowling_coach=[[Kamran Hussain]]|manager=[[Nahida Khan]]| test_status_year = 1998 | icc_status = [[List of International Cricket Council members|Full member]] | icc_member_year = 1952 | icc_region = [[Asian Cricket Council|Asia]] | wodi_rank = 10th | wt20i_rank = 7th | wodi_rank_best = 7th (1 Oct 2015) <!-- Date when its team reached all time best ranking for the first time --> | wt20i_rank_best = 6th | first_wtest = v {{crw|SL}} at [[Colts Cricket Club Ground]], [[Colombo]]; 17–20 April 1998 | most_recent_wtest = v {{crw|WIN}} at the [[National Stadium, Karachi|National Stadium]], [[Karachi]]; 15–18 March 2004 | num_wtests = 3 | num_wtests_this_year = 0 | wtest_record = 0/2<br />(1 draw) | wtest_record_this_year = 0/0 (0 draws) | first_wodi = v {{crw|NZL}} at [[Hagley Oval]], [[Christchurch]]; 28 January 1997 | most_recent_wodi = v {{crw|RSA}} at [[National Stadium, Karachi|National Stadium]], [[Karachi]]; 11 September 2023 | num_wodis = 196 | num_wodis_this_year = 5 | wodi_record = 57/135<br />(1 tie, 3 no results) | wodi_record_this_year = 0/5<br />(0 ties, 0 no results) | wwc_apps = 5 | wwc_first = [[1997 Women's Cricket World Cup|1997]] | wwc_best = 5th ([[2009 Women's Cricket World Cup|2009]]) | wwcq_apps = 5 | wwcq_first = [[2003 IWCC Trophy|2003]] | wwcq_best = [[File:Simple silver cup.svg|16px]] Runners-up ([[2008 Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier|2008]], [[2011 Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier|2011]]) | first_wt20i = v {{crw|IRE}} at [[The Vineyard, Dublin|The Vineyard]], [[Dublin]]; 25 May 2009 | most_recent_wt20i = v {{crw|RSA}} at [[National Stadium, Karachi|National Stadium]], [[Karachi]]; 4 September 2023 | num_wt20is = 151 | num_wt20is_this_year = 9 | wt20i_record = 62/82<br />(3 ties, 4 no results) | wt20i_record_this_year = 4/5<br />(0 ties, 0 no results) | wwt20_apps = 8 | wwt20_first = [[2009 ICC Women's World Twenty20|2009]] | wwt20_best = First round (2009, [[2010 ICC Women's World Twenty20|2010]], [[2012 ICC Women's World Twenty20|2012]], [[2014 ICC Women's World Twenty20|2014]], [[2016 ICC Women's World Twenty20|2016]], [[2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20|2018]], [[2020 ICC Women's T20 World Cup|2020]], [[2023 ICC Women's T20 World Cup|2023]]) | wwt20q_apps = 1 | wwt20q_first = [[2013 ICC Women's World Twenty20 Qualifier|2013]] | wwt20q_best = [[File:Simple gold cup.svg|16px]] Champions [[2013 ICC Women's World Twenty20 Qualifier|(2013)]] | h_pattern_la = | h_pattern_b = _collar | h_pattern_ra = | h_pattern_pants = | h_leftarm = FFFFFF | h_body = FFFFFF | h_rightarm = FFFFFF | h_pants = FFFFFF | h_title = WTest [[Cricket clothing and equipment|kit]] | a_pattern_la = | a_pattern_b = _upper_green3 | a_pattern_ra = | a_pattern_pants = | a_leftarm = 006400 | a_body = 32CD32 | a_rightarm = 006400 | a_pants = 006400 | a_title = WODI [[Cricket clothing and equipment|kit]] | asofdate = 11 September 2023 }} The '''Pakistan women's national cricket team''' represents Pakistan in women's cricket. They have full membership in the [[International Cricket Council]]. They have appeared in the [[Women's Cricket World Cup]] in 1997 and since 2009. They have played at every edition of the [[ICC Women's T20 World Cup]] to date. They played their first [[Women's One Day International]] in January 1997. ==References== {{Reflist|3}} {{Women's national cricket teams}} {{National sports teams of Pakistan}} {{Sport-stub}} [[Category:National sports teams of Pakistan]] [[Category:Cricket teams in Pakistan|Women]] [[Category:Women's national cricket teams]] [[Category:Test cricket teams]] brniv5lsqq91efowdif787oxm1ifdfr 3 1046692 10368563 9069733 2025-07-03T00:20:37Z Ferien 1011873 Notification: listing at [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] of [[Aircash]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368563 wikitext text/x-wiki == Welcome == Hello, '''Filippos Fragkogiannis''', and [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome]] to the '''Simple English Wikipedia'''! Thank you for [[Special:Contributions/Filippos Fragkogiannis|your changes]]. You may want to begin by reading these pages: * [[Help:Contents|Help]] * [[Wikipedia:Rules|Rules]] * [[Wikipedia:Useful|Links to useful pages]] * [[Wikipedia:How to write Simple English pages|How to write Simple English pages]] * [[Wikipedia:How to copy from another Wikipedia|How to copy from another Wikipedia]] For some ideas of pages to work on, read [[Wikipedia:Requested pages]] or the [[Special:Wantedpages|list of wanted pages]]. You can [[Wikipedia:Be bold in updating pages|change any pages you want!]] Any changes you make can be seen right away. You can ask questions at [[Wikipedia:Simple talk]]. At the end of your messages on talk pages, please sign your name by clicking [[File:Insert-signature.svg]] or using four [[tilde]]s <nowiki>(~~~~)</nowiki>; this will show your username and the date. If you need help just <span class="plainlinks">'''[http://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Mytalk&action=edit&section=new click here]'''</span> and type '''<nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki>''' and your question and someone will reply to you shortly. Good luck and happy changing! <!-- Template:Welcome --> '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:54, 14 September 2023 (UTC) == September 2023 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, {{BASEPAGENAME}}! Here at Simple English Wikipedia, we use the section heading "Other websites" instead of English Wikipedia's "External links", which you used in "[[:Vercetti Regular (font)]]". This makes it simpler and easier to read. Please remember to use "Other websites" in pages that you create in the future. Thank you for your help!<!-- Template:Uw-otherweb --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 07:00, 14 September 2023 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Vakalo College== [[Image:Ambox deletion.png|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Vakalo College]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]] for multiple reasons. '''Please see the page to see the specific reasons.''' If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Vakalo College}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Requests for undeletion|undeleted]]. <!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Gotanda|Gotanda]] ([[User talk:Gotanda|talk]]) 23:29, 15 September 2023 (UTC) :I have reviewed the request and declined to delete the page. It appears to be an internationally accredited college that offers undergraduate and graduate degrees via the University of Derby in the UK. Please take the issue to [[WP:RFD|RfD]] if this is not acceptable. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:50, 16 September 2023 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Aircash== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Aircash]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Aircash]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 00:20, 3 July 2025 (UTC) o1s6ayxg7v89hr4ixr6829vdvpql5ur 0 1046913 10369419 10337211 2025-07-03T11:17:07Z 188.90.173.38 /* Highest temperatures measured in Germany */ 10369419 wikitext text/x-wiki Germany has a mostly [[continental climate]]. Most of the time summers are warm and winters are cold. ==Weather Records== The highest temperature ever recorded in Germany was {{cvt|41.2|C|F}} on 25 July 2019 in [[Duisburg]] and [[Tönisvorst]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Wetter und Klima - Deutscher Wetterdienst - Presse - DWD-Stationen Duisburg-Baerl und Tönisvorst jetzt Spitzenreiter mit 41,2 Grad Celsius |url=https://www.dwd.de/DE/presse/pressemitteilungen/DE/2020/20201217_annulierung_lingen_news.html |website=www.dwd.de |accessdate=17 June 2025}}</ref> The lowest temperature ever recorded in Germany was {{cvt|-45.9|C|F}} on 24 December 2001 at Funtensee, near [[Berchtesgaden]].<ref> {{Cite web|last=Wedia|title=German weather|url=https://www.iamexpat.de/lifestyle/german-weather|access-date=2023-10-13|website=IamExpat|language=en-GB}}</ref> The highest 24-hour rainfall record for Germany is 312 millimeters on 13 August 2002 at [[Zinnwald]], [[Ore Mountains]].<ref name="wettergefahren-fruehwarnung ">{{cite web |title=Wettergefahren-Frühwarnung - Information about worldwide extreme weather events |url=https://www.wettergefahren-fruehwarnung.de/Produkte/extrem.html |website=www.wettergefahren-fruehwarnung.de |accessdate=17 June 2025}}</ref> The highest wind gust ever recorded in Germany was {{cvt|335|km/h|mph}} on 12 June 1985 at the [[Zugspitze]].<ref name="wettergefahren-fruehwarnung" /> ==Highest temperatures measured in Germany== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Location ! Temperature ! Date |- | [[Duisburg]] | {{cvt|41.2|C|F}} | 25 July 2019 |- | [[Tönisvorst]] | {{cvt|41.2|C|F}} | 25 July 2019 |- | [[Cologne]] | {{cvt|41.1|C|F}} | 25 July 2019 |- | [[Kleve]] | {{cvt|40.9|C|F}} | 25 July 2019 |- | [[Düsseldorf]] | {{cvt|40.7|C|F}} | 25 July 2019 |- | [[Trier]] | {{cvt|40.6|C|F}} | 25 July 2019 |- | [[Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler]] | {{cvt|40.4|C|F}} | 25 July 2019 |- | [[Bad Mergentheim]] | {{cvt|40.3|C|F}} | 20 July 2022 |- | [[Kitzingen]] | {{cvt|40.3|C|F}} | 5 July 2015 |- | [[Perl-Nennig]] | {{cvt|40.3|C|F}} | 8 August 2003 |- | [[Wuppertal]] | {{cvt|40.2|C|F}} | 25 July 2019 |- | [[Freiburg]] | {{cvt|40.2|C|F}} | 13 August 2003 |- | [[Karlsruhe]] | {{cvt|40.2|C|F}} | 13 August 2003 |- | [[Hamburg]] | {{cvt|40.1|C|F}} | 20 July 2022 |- | [[Frankfurt]] | {{cvt|40.1|C|F}} | 25 July 2019 |- | [[Bad Nauheim]] | {{cvt|40.1|C|F}} | 25 July 2019 |- | [[Pabstorf]] | {{cvt|40.0|C|F}} | 20 July 2022 |- | [[Essen]] | {{cvt|40.0|C|F}} | 25 July 2019 |- | [[Uelzen]] | {{cvt|39.8|C|F}} | 20 July 2022 |- | [[Dresden]] | {{cvt|39.8|C|F}} | 20 August 2012 |- | [[Bad Kreuznach]] | {{cvt|39.7|C|F}} | 25 July 2019 |- | [[Bernburg]] | {{cvt|39.6|C|F}} | 30 June 2019 |- | [[Lahr]] | {{cvt|39.5|C|F}} | 7 August 2015 |- | [[Amberg]] | {{cvt|39.5|C|F}} | 27 July 1983 |- | [[Würzburg]] | {{cvt|39.4|C|F}} | 7 August 2015 |- | [[Andernach]] | {{cvt|39.3|C|F}} | 2 July 2025 |- | [[Hanover]] | {{cvt|39.2|C|F}} | 20 July 2022 |- | [[Soltau]] | {{cvt|39.2|C|F}} | 20 July 2022 |- | [[Cottbus]] | {{cvt|39.2|C|F}} | 19 June 2022 |- | [[Jena]] | {{cvt|39.1|C|F}} | 20 July 2022 |- | [[Kaiserslautern]] | {{cvt|39.1|C|F}} | 25 July 2019 |- | [[Mainz]] | {{cvt|39.1|C|F}} | 25 July 2019 |- | [[Gardelegen]] | {{cvt|39.0|C|F}} | 20 July 2022 |- | [[Worms, Germany|Worms]] | {{cvt|39.0|C|F}} | 25 July 2019 |- | [[Dillenburg, Germany|Dillenburg]] | {{cvt|39.0|C|F}} | 30 June 2019 |- | [[Zeitz]] | {{cvt|39.0|C|F}} | 13 August 2003 |- | [[Regensburg]] | {{cvt|39.0|C|F}} | 27 July 1983 |- | [[Schwandorf]] | {{cvt|39.0|C|F}} | 27 July 1983 |} ==Lowest temperatures measured in Germany== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Location ! Temperature ! Date |- | Funtensee, [[Berchtesgaden]] | {{cvt|-45.9|C|F}} | 24 December 2001 |- | [[Hüll]] | {{cvt|-37.8|C|F}} | 12 February 1929 |- | [[Albstadt]] | {{cvt|-36.1|C|F}} | 1 March 2005 |- | [[Zugspitze]] | {{cvt|-35.6|C|F}} | 14 February 1940 |- | [[Bad Elster]] | {{cvt|-34.1|C|F}} | 12 February 1871 |- | [[Giessen]] | {{cvt|-33.8|C|F}} | 22 January 1850 |- | [[Gotha]] | {{cvt|-33.5|C|F}} | 11 February 1929 |- | [[Weiden]] | {{cvt|-32.8|C|F}} | 10 February 1956 |- | [[Heinersdorf]] | {{cvt|-32.1|C|F}} | 19 January 1893 |- | [[Oberstdorf]] | {{cvt|-32.0|C|F}} | 10 February 1956 |- | [[Munich]] | {{cvt|-31.6|C|F}} | 12 February 1929 |- | [[Augsburg]] | {{cvt|-31.1|C|F}} | 22 January 1942 |- | [[Görlitz]] | {{cvt|-30.8|C|F}} | 9 February 1956 |- | [[Feldberg]], [[Schwarzwald]] | {{cvt|-30.7|C|F}} | 10 February 1956 |- | [[Jena]] | {{cvt|-30.6|C|F}} | 22 January 1850 |- | [[Dresden]] | {{cvt|-30.5|C|F}} | 11 February 1929 |- | [[Nuremberg]] | {{cvt|-30.2|C|F}} | 10 February 1956 |- | [[Quedlinburg]] | {{cvt|-30.2|C|F}} | 20 January 1963 |- | [[Bamberg]] | {{cvt|-30.1|C|F}} | 10 February 1956 |- | [[Angermünde]] | {{cvt|-30.1|C|F}} | 5 February 1912 |} ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Geography of Germany]] [[Category:Climate by country|Germany]] k24auigehl9xmmdg9fs3z1gxryqlx97 0 1051087 10368341 10277841 2025-07-02T22:07:48Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* All Elite Wrestling */ Grammar: doubled redundant "the" displayed next to each other 10368341 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Wrestler |name=Maxwell Jacob Friedman |names=Maxwell Jacob Feinstein<br>'''Maxwell Jacob Friedman'''<br>'''MJF'''<br>Pete Lightning<br>Sandy Bunker |image=MJF May 2019.jpg |caption=MJF at [[Double or Nothing (2019)|Double or Nothing]] in 2019 |height={{height|ft=5|in=8}} |weight={{convert|229|lb|kg|abbr=on}} |birth_date={{Birth date and age|1996|3|15}} |birth_place=[[Plainview, New York|Plainview]], [[New York]] |billed=Plainview, New York |trainer=[[Brian Myers]]<br>[[Pat Buck]] |debut=February 13, 2015 |partner=Lil Swole M.2023}} '''Maxwell T. Friedman''' (born March 15, 1996) is an [[Americans|American]] [[Professional wrestling|professional wrestler]]. He currently wrestles for [[All Elite Wrestling]] (AEW), where he competes under the [[ring name]] '''Maxwell Jacob Friedman''' and his initials '''MJF'''. He is the current holder of the AEW Dynamite Diamond Ring. Friedman has also competed in [[Combat Zone Wrestling]] (CZW) and [[Major League Wrestling]] (MLW). In AEW, he is a one-time [[AEW World Championship|AEW World Champion]], a one-time [[AEW International Championship|International Champion]] (he renamed the title to AEW American Championship),<ref name=":0" /> a four-time holder of the [[Dynamite Diamond Ring]], and the winner of the 2022 [[Casino Ladder Match]]. ==Career== ===All Elite Wrestling=== On January 7, 2019, Friedman signed a five-year contract with [[All Elite Wrestling]] (AEW).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.postwrestling.com/2020/12/04/post-news-update-mjfs-aew-contract-is-for-five-years/|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=POST NEWS UPDATE: MJF's AEW contract is for five years|publisher=[[POSTWrestling]]}}</ref> MJF made his AEW in-ring debut at [[Double or Nothing (2019)|Double or Nothing]] on May 25, 2019 in a pre-show [[Casino Battle Royale]]. He made it to the end before being eliminated by [[Adam Page|"Hangman" Adam Page]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.f4wonline.com/other-wrestling/aew-double-or-nothing-card-begins-take-shape-276471|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=AEW Double or Nothing Card Begins to Take Shape|publisher=Wrestling Observer Newsletter}}</ref> On the October 2, 2019 episode of ''[[AEW Dynamite|Dynamite]]'', MJF ran to the ring with a chair to save his friend [[Cody Rhodes|Cody]] from a beatdown by [[The Inner Circle (professional wrestling)|The Inner Circle]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allelitewrestling.com/amp/aew-dynamite-results-10-09-2019|accessdate=September 29, 2023|title=AEW Dynamite Results 10/09/2019|publisher=[[All Elite Wrestling]]}}</ref> At [[Full Gear (2019)|Full Gear]], MJF turned [[Heel (professional wrestling)|heel]] after hitting Cody in the groin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.f4wonline.com/aew-results/aew-dynamite-live-results-full-gear-go-home-show-296706|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=AEW Dynamite Live Results: Full Gear Go-Home Show|publisher=Wrestling Observer Newsletter}}</ref> At [[All Out (2022)|All Out]], MJF made his return after a long time away. He wore a mask and was called "The Joker". He won the [[Professional wrestling match types#Weapons match|Casino Ladder match]] earlier in the night and showed up on the entrance ramp, took off his mask and stared down AEW World Champion [[CM Punk]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2022/09/04/aew-all-out-results-powells-live-review-of-jon-moxley-vs-cm-punk-for-the-aew-world-championship-toni-storm-vs-britt-baker-vs-jamie-hayter-vs-hikaru-shida-for-the-interim-aew-womens-title-ch/|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=AEW All Out results: Powell's live review of Jon Moxley vs. CM Punk for the AEW World Championship, Toni Storm vs. Britt Baker vs. Jamie Hayter vs. Hikaru Shida for the Interim AEW Women's Title, Chris Jericho vs. Bryan Danielson, Ricky Starks vs. Powerhouse Hobbs, "Jungle Boy" Jack Perry vs. Christian Cage, Casino Ladder Match|publisher=ProWrestling.net}}</ref> On [[Full Gear (2022)|Full Gear]], Friedman defeated [[Jon Moxley]] to become the youngest [[AEW World Championship|AEW World Champion]]. He won after [[William Regal]] turned on Moxley and gave Friedman his [[brass knuckles]], which MJF used to hit Moxley.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2022/11/19/aew-full-gear-results-powells-live-review-of-jon-moxley-vs-mjf-for-the-aew-world-championship-the-acclaimed-vs-swerve-strickland-and-keith-lee-for-the-aew-tag-titles-toni-storm-vs-jamie-hayter/|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=AEW Full Gear results: Powell's live review of Jon Moxley vs. MJF for the AEW World Championship, The Acclaimed vs. Swerve Strickland and Keith Lee for the AEW Tag Titles, Toni Storm vs. Jamie Hayter for the Interim AEW Women's Title, Death Triangle vs. The Elite for the AEW Trios Titles, Saraya vs. Britt Baker|publisher=ProWrestling.net}}</ref> On the November 30 episode of ''Dynamite'', MJF turned on Regal, attacking him and sending him to the hospital. MJF also threw the Championship in the garbage before revealing his own custom [[Burberry]] [[check pattern]] AEW World Championship.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/aew/mjf-unveils-triple-b-version-of-aew-world-title-knocks-out-william-regal|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=MJF unveils 'Triple B' version of AEW World title, knocks out William Regal|publisher=Wrestling Observer Newsletter}}</ref> In July 2023, MJF and [[Adam Cole]] won a tournament to get an [[AEW World Tag Team Championship]] match. On the July 29 episode of ''[[AEW Collision|Collision]]'', MJF turned [[Face (professional wrestling)|face]] for the first time when he embraced Cole after losing their title match against [[FTR (professional wrestling)|FTR]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|date=2023-07-29|title=AEW Collision results (7/29): Powell's live review of FTR vs. MJF and Adam Cole for the AEW Tag Titles, Andrade El Idolo vs. Buddy Matthews in a ladder match, ROH TV Champion Samoa Joe vs. Gravity|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2023/07/29/aew-collision-results-7-29-powells-live-review-of-ftr-vs-mjf-and-adam-cole-for-the-aew-tag-titles-andrade-el-idolo-vs-buddy-matthews-in-a-ladder-match-roh-tv-champion-samoa-joe-vs-gravity/|access-date=2024-07-27|website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|language=en-US}}</ref> At [[All In (2023)|All In: Zero Hour]] on August 27, MJF and Cole defeated [[Aussie Open (professional wrestling)|Aussie Open]] to become the [[ROH World Tag Team Championship|ROH World Tag Team Champions]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2023/08/27/aew-all-in-results-powells-live-review-of-mjf-vs-adam-cole-for-the-aew-world-championship-will-ospreay-vs-chris-jericho-cm-punk-vs-samoa-joe-for-the-real-world-title-stadium-stampede/|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=AEW All In results: Powell's live review of MJF vs. Adam Cole for the AEW World Championship, Will Ospreay vs. Chris Jericho, CM Punk vs. Samoa Joe for the Real World Title, Stadium Stampede|publisher=ProWrestling.net}}</ref> On the December 27 episode of ''Dynamite: [[New Year's Smash (2023)|New Year's Smash]]'', MJF lost the ROH [[World Tag Team Championship (WWE)|World Tag Team Championship]]<nowiki/>s in a [[Professional wrestling match types#Handicap match|2-on-1 Handicap match]] to The Devil's Masked Men. [[Samoa Joe]] was supposed to team with MJF to defend the title in place of the injured Adam Cole but he would be attacked by The Devil's Masked Men before the match. This turned out to be a fakeout and Joe would attack MJF after the match.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2023/12/27/aew-dynamite-results-12-27-powells-live-review-of-swerve-strickland-vs-jon-moxley-vs-jay-white-and-bryan-danielson-and-eddie-kingston-in-continental-classic-semifinal-matches/|accessdate=January 1, 2024|title=AEW Dynamite results (12/27): Powell's live review of Swerve Strickland vs. Jon Moxley vs. Jay White, and Bryan Danielson and Eddie Kingston in Continental Classic semifinal matches|publisher=ProWrestling.net}}</ref> At [[AEW Worlds End|Worlds End]], MJF lost the AEW World title to [[Samoa Joe]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/samoa-joe-wins-aew-world-title-aew-worlds-end|accessdate=January 1, 2024|title=Samoa Joe Wins AEW World Title At AEW Worlds End|publisher=Fightful}}</ref> After the match, the lights would go out and come back on. When the lights came on, a returning [[Adam Cole]] was seated in the ring with four masked men. The men would pull off their masks and reveal themselves to be [[The Kingdom (professional wrestling)|The Kingdom]] ([[Matt Taven]] & [[Mike Bennett]]), [[Roderick Strong]], and [[Wardlow]]. They would attack MJF after his match and Cole pulled The Devil mask out of his jacket revealing himself to be The Devil and betraying MJF.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/adam-cole-revealed-devil-aew-worlds-end-joined-roderick-strong-kingdom-and-wardlow|accessdate=January 1, 2024|title=Adam Cole Revealed As The Devil At AEW Worlds End, Joined By Roderick Strong, The Kingdom And Wardlow|publisher=Fightful}}</ref> After the event, MJF took some time off because of injuries.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Upton|first=Felix|date=2023-12-31|title=MJF Expected To Take Time Off Due To Injuries After AEW Worlds End|url=https://www.ringsidenews.com/2023/12/31/mjf-expected-to-take-time-off-due-to-injuries-after-aew-worlds-end/|access-date=2023-12-31|website=Ringside News|language=en-US}}</ref> ==== American Champion (2024–present) ==== At [[Double or Nothing (2024)|Double or Nothing]] on May 26, 2024, MJF returned by attacking Adam Cole.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kahrs|first=Alex|date=2024-05-26|title=AEW Double or Nothing Results - 5/26/24 (Five Year Anniversary,Title Matches, More!)|url=https://www.wrestleview.com/top-story/316599-aew-double-or-nothing-results-5-26-24-title-matches-anarchy-in-the-arena-more/|access-date=2024-05-27|website=WWE News, WWE Results, AEW News, AEW Results|language=en-US}}</ref> On the [[AEW Beach Break|Beach Break]] special episode of ''Dynamite'', MJF turned heel again when he cost Daniel Garcia the [[AEW International Championship]] and attacked him.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mueller|first=Doc-Chris|title=AEW Dynamite Results: Winners, Live Grades, Reaction, Highlights After Forbidden Door|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/10127101-aew-dynamite-results-winners-live-grades-reaction-highlights-after-forbidden-door|access-date=2024-07-04|website=Bleacher Report|language=en}}</ref> On the July 17 episode of ''Dynamite'', MJF defeated [[Will Ospreay]] and won the International Championship for the first time.<ref>{{cite web|date=July 17, 2024|title=MJF Wins Gold on Dynamite|url=https://www.si.com/fannation/wrestling/aew/mjf-wins-gold-on-dynamite|access-date=July 17, 2024|publisher=Sports Illustrated.com|language=EN}}</ref> On the July 24 episode of ''Dynamite'', MJF renamed the International Championship to the '''AEW American Championship''' and presented a brand new belt design that featured the colors of the [[Flag of the United States|American flag]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Boone|first=Matt|date=July 24, 2024|title=AEW American Title Debuts On Dynamite, MJF vs. Will Ospreay II Set For ALL IN|url=https://www.pwmania.com/aew-american-title-debuts-on-dynamite-mjf-vs-will-ospreay-ii-set-for-all-in|access-date=July 24, 2024|work=[[PWMania]]}}</ref> ==Championships== *'''AAW Wrestling''' **AAW Heritage Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aawpro.com/epic-15th-anniversary-event-results|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=Epic: The 15th Anniversary Event Results|publisher=AAW Wrestling|archive-date=April 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415120413/http://aawpro.com/epic-15th-anniversary-event-results|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> *'''[[All Elite Wrestling]]''' **[[AEW World Championship]] ([[AEW World Championship#Title history|1 time]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allelitewrestling.com/aew-world-championship-history|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=AEW World Championship history|publisher=All Elite Wrestling}}</ref> **[[AEW International Championship|AEW International/American Championship]] ([[AEW International Championship#Title history|1 time]])<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.allelitewrestling.com/aew-all-atlantic-championship-history|title=AEW International Championship Title History|publisher=[[All Elite Wrestling]]}}</ref> **[[Dynamite Dozen Battle Royale|Dynamite Diamond Ring]] (2019–2022)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allelitewrestling.com/post/aew-dynamite-results-november-27-2019|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=AEW Dynamite Results November 27, 2019|publisher=All Elite Wrestling}}</ref> **[[Casino Ladder Match]] ([[All Out (2022)|2022]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allelitewrestling.com/post/aew-all-out-2022-results|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=AEW All Out 2022 Results|publisher=All Elite Wrestling}}</ref> **Blind Eliminator [[Tag team|Tag Team]] Tournament (2023) (with [[Adam Cole]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2023/07/19/aew-dynamite-results-7-19-powells-live-review-of-golden-elite-vs-blackpool-combat-club-in-a-blood-guts-match-mjf-and-adam-cole-vs-daniel-garcia-and-sammy-guevara-in-the-blind-eliminator-tour/|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=AEW Dynamite results (7/19): Powell's live review of Golden Elite vs. Blackpool Combat Club in a Blood & Guts match, MJF and Adam Cole vs. Daniel Garcia and Sammy Guevara in the Blind Eliminator tourney finals|publisher=ProWrestling.net}}</ref> **[[AEW Dynamite Awards|Dynamite Award]] (1 time) ***Best Mic Duel (2022) (MJF and [[CM Punk]] on Thanksgiving Eve)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/complete-list-2022-aew-award-winners|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=Complete List Of 2022 AEW Award Winners|publisher=Fightful}}</ref> *'''Alpha-1 Wrestling''' **A1 Outer Limits Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.alpha-1wrestling.com/history/|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=Title history|publisher=Alpha-1 Wrestling}}</ref> *'''CBS Sports''' **Rookie of the Year (2019)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbssports.com/wwe/news/how-adam-cole-went-from-main-event-substitute-to-clear-choice-for-2019-wrestler-of-the-year/|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=How Adam Cole went from main event substitute to clear choice for 2019 Wrestler of the Year|publisher=[[CBS Sports]]}}</ref> *'''[[Combat Zone Wrestling]]''' **[[CZW Wired Championship]] (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pwinsider.com/article/109595/513-czw-sacrifices-results-from-voorhees-nj-new-czw-champions-crowned.html?p=1|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=5/13 CZW 'Sacrifices' Results from Voorhees, NJ: New CZW Champions Crowned|publisher=Pro Wrestling Insider}}</ref> **[[CZW World Heavyweight Championship]] (1 time) *'''Dramatic Dream Team''' **Ironman Heavymetalweight Championship (1 time) *'''''[[ESPN]]''''' **Promo artist of the year (2022)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/wwe/story/_/id/35329583/pro-wrestling-2022-awards-best-male-female-wrestler-feud-faction-promo-more|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=Pro Wrestling 2022 awards: The best male and female wrestler, feud, faction, promo and more|publisher=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> ** #1 of the 30 best Pro Wrestlers Under 30.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/wwe/story/_/id/38118887/from-mjf-rhea-ripley-el-hijo-del-vikingo-wwe-aew-njpw-30-best-pro-wrestlers-30|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=From MJF and Rhea to...a Viking? Here are the 30 best pro wrestlers under 30|publisher=ESPN}}</ref> *'''Inspire Pro Wrestling''' **Inspire Pro Wrestling Pure Prestige Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://411mania.com/wrestling/mjf-injured-withdraws-inspire-pro-wrestling/|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=MJF Injured at Fight for the Fallen, Vacates Pure Prestige Title for Inspire Pro Wrestling|publisher=411Mania}}</ref> *'''LDN Wrestling''' **LDN Capital Wrestling Championship (2 times)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ldnwrestling.com/title-history/ldn-capital-championship|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=LDN Capital Championship Title History|publisher=LDN Wrestling|archive-date=September 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190908223356/http://www.ldnwrestling.com/title-history/ldn-capital-championship|url-status=dead}}</ref> *'''Limitless Wrestling''' **Limitless Wrestling World Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lastwordonsports.com/prowrestling/2019/03/14/andnew-mjf-becomes-first-ever-limitless-wrestling-world-champion/|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=#AndNEW: MJF Becomes First-Ever Limitless Wrestling World Champion|publisher=Last Word of Sports}}</ref> *'''[[Major League Wrestling]]''' **MLW World Middleweight Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lastwordonsports.com/prowrestling/2019/03/14/andnew-mjf-becomes-first-ever-limitless-wrestling-world-champion/|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=#AndNEW: MJF Becomes First-Ever Limitless Wrestling World Champion|publisher=Last Word of Sports}}</ref> **MLW World Tag Team Championship (1 time) (with Richard Holliday)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/mlw/mlw-fusion-results-los-parks-vs-wagners-288326|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=MLW Fusion results: Los Parks vs. The Wagners|publisher=Wrestling Observer Newsletter}}</ref> *'''Maryland Championship Wrestling''' **MCW Rage Television Championship (1 time) *'''''[[New York Post]]''''' ** Promo of the Year (2022) ("Pipebomb" promo)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2022/12/27/the-posts-2022-pro-wrestling-awards/|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=The Post's 2022 pro wrestling awards|publisher=[[New York Post]]}}</ref> *'''''[[Pro Wrestling Illustrated]]''''' ** #6 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the ''[[PWI 500]]'' (2023)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://411mania.com/wrestling/seth-rollins-pwi-500-roman-reigns-jon-moxley-top-3/|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=Seth Rollins Tops PWI 500, Roman Reigns, Jon Moxley Also In Top 3|publisher=411Mania}}</ref> ** Feud of the Year (2021) (vs. [[Chris Jericho]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/mjf-tapes-over-cm-punk-s-name-pwi-award-punk-replies-maybe-find-tape-ratings|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=PWI Achievement Awards: Feud of the Year|publisher=[[Pro Wrestling Illustrated]]}}</ref> ** Feud of the Year (2022) (vs. [[CM Punk]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/mjf-tapes-over-cm-punk-s-name-pwi-award-punk-replies-maybe-find-tape-ratings|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=MJF Tapes Over CM Punk's Name On PWI Award, Punk Replies, 'Maybe Find Tape For The Ratings'|publisher=Fightful}}</ref> ** Most Hated Wrestler of the Year (2021, 2022)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pwi-online.com/awards/#most-hated-wrestler-of-the-year|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=PWI Achievement Awards: Most Hated Wrestler of the Year|publisher=[[Pro Wrestling Illustrated]]}}</ref> ** Faction of the Year (2021) (with The Inner Circle) *'''[[Ring of Honor]]''' **ROH World Tag Team Championship (1 time) (with [[Adam Cole]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2023/08/27/aew-all-in-pre-show-results-powells-live-review-of-mjf-and-adam-cole-challenging-aussie-open-for-the-aew-tag-titles-jack-perry-vs-hook-for-the-ftw-title/|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=AEW All In pre-show results: Powell's live review of MJF and Adam Cole challenging Aussie Open for the AEW Tag Titles, Jack Perry vs. Hook for the FTW Title|publisher=ProWrestling.net}}</ref> *'''Rockstar Pro Wrestling''' **American Luchacore Championship (1 time) **Rockstar Pro Trios Championship (1 time) (with Ace Romero and Clayton Jackson) *'''[[The New York Times]]''' **Best Performance (2020) (for his rendition of "[[Me and My Shadow]]" with [[Chris Jericho]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/04/arts/best-performances.html|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=Best Performances of 2020|publisher=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> *'''''[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards|Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]''''' **Best on Interviews (2021, 2022)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.f4wonline.com/newsletters/wrestling-observer-newsletter/february-21-observer-newsletter-2021-awards-issue-cod-and-brandi-rhodes-leave-aew|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=February 21, 2022 Observer Newsletter: 2021 Awards issue, Cody and Brandi Rhodes leave AEW|publisher=Wrestling Observer Newsletter}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.f4wonline.com/newsletters/wrestling-observer-newsletter/february-27-2023-observer-newsletter-2022-observer-awards-issue|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=February 27, 2023 Observer Newsletter: 2022 Observer Awards issue|publisher=Wrestling Observer Newsletter}}</ref> **Most Charismatic (2020, 2022)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://members.f4wonline.com/wrestling-observer-newsletter/march-1-2021-observer-newsletter-2020-awards-issue-elimination-chamber|accessdate=September 30, 2023|title=March 1, 2021, Wrestling Observer Newsletter 2020 awards issue, Elimination Chamber|publisher=Wrestling Observer Newsletter}}</ref> *'''WrestlePro''' **WrestlePro Tag Team Championship (1 time) (with Valerio Lamorte) *'''Xcite Wrestling''' **Xcite International Championship (1 time) == References == {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category|Maxwell Jacob Friedman}} {{Wikiquote}} {{All Elite Wrestling}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Friedman, Maxwell Jacob}} [[Category:1996 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:All Elite Wrestling people]] [[Category:American professional wrestlers]] [[Category:Jewish sportspeople]] [[Category:Sportspeople from New York (state)]] b8h495akcwoomxmx94hhr7t8n60wb7j 0 1052370 10368417 9763813 2025-07-02T22:56:57Z Serener 1362271 /* Further reading */ worth a read 10368417 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox school | name = Arrowsmith School | image = | caption = | address = 245 St. Clair Avenue West | city = [[Toronto]] | province = [[Ontario]] | postcode = [[Postal codes in Canada|M4V 1R3]] | country = [[Canada]] | coordinates = {{coord|43.6856|N|79.4056|W|region:CA-ON|display=inline,title}} | schooltype = [[Mixed-sex education|Co-educational]] [[day school]] for children with [[specific learning disabilities]] | fundingtype = [[Private School|Private]] | founded = {{Start date|1980}} | principal = [[Barbara Arrowsmith Young]] | grades_label = [[Education in Canada#Levels in education|Grades]] | grades = 1 – 12 | language = [[Canadian English|English]] | homepage = {{URL|http://arrowsmithschool.org/}} }} The '''Arrowsmith School''' is a [[private school]] in [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]]. It is for children in [[First grade|Grades 1]] to [[Twelfth grade|12]] that have [[Learning disability|learning disabilities]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdadyslexia.org.uk/about-dyslexia/schools-colleges-and-universities/what-are-specific-learning-difficulties.html|title=What are Specific Learning Difficulties: About Dyslexia|publisher=British Dyslexia Association|access-date=2014-04-22|archive-date=2014-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414125522/http://www.bdadyslexia.org.uk/about-dyslexia/schools-colleges-and-universities/what-are-specific-learning-difficulties.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Arrowsmith School was first founded in Toronto in 1980. It was founded by [[Barbara Arrowsmith Young]]. A second location was opened in May 2005 in [[Peterborough, Ontario|Peterborough]], Ontario. The [[Eaton Arrowsmith School]] is modelled on the Toronto school. It was founded by Howard Eaton. That school was opened in 2005 in [[Vancouver, British Columbia|Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]]. It has two other schools in [[Canada]] and one in the [[United States]]. The school uses a program known as the '''Arrowsmith Program.''' This program was created by Arrowsmith Young in 1978. She created it from exercises that she had created for herself in 1977. She has said that they helped her to overcome her own learning difficulties. Her own problems with learning disability are talked about in her 2012 book ''The Woman Who Changed Her Brain''. She says that her way of doing things is based on [[research]] into [[neuroplasticity]]. Her research suggests that the brain is always changing and rewiring itself.<ref name="BAY">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9Yj02tbcP1wC&q=joshua|title=The Woman Who Changed Her Brain: And Other Inspiring Stories of Pioneering Brain Transformation|last=Arrowsmith-Young|first=Barbara|date=May 2012|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-1-4516-0793-2|language=en}}</ref> The program has been used into other public and private schools in Canada, the United States, [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]].<ref name = "ASParticipating" /> Several [[cognitive psychologist]]s and [[Neuroscientist|neuroscientists]] do not think is is a good program.<ref name="Barmak1">{{Cite news|date=2013-01-25|title=Can a controversial learning program transform brains?|language=en-CA|work=The Globe and Mail|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/technology/science/brain/can-a-controversial-learning-program-transform-brains/article7871918/|access-date=2023-10-06}}</ref> ==History== [[Barbara Arrowsmith Young]] founded the original Toronto school in 1980 with her and her then-husband, Joshua Cohen. They created it to teach learning disabled children. They taught the children by using the program and exercises that Arrowsmith Young had begun creating for herself in 1978. She said the program helped her to overcome her own learning difficulties.<ref name="Doidge">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lbgAsJi1plwC&pg=PT48|title=The Brain That Changes Itself: Stories of Personal Triumph from the Frontiers of Brain Science|last=Doidge|first=Norman|date=2008-08-07|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-0-14-103887-2|language=en}}</ref> In Arrowsmith Young's 2012 book, ''The Woman Who Changed Her Brain'', she said she used her middle name for the school in honor of her [[Father|paternal]] [[Grandparent|grandmother]] As a young girl, her grandmother had been one of the [[Settler|pioneer settlers]] of [[Creston, British Columbia]]. The Toronto school grew slowly over time. In 1991, she and Cohen chose to open a second school in [[Brooklyn]], [[New York City|New York]] and stop using the school in Toronto.By 1994 the New York school had closed. The [[marriage]] of Arrowsmith Young and Cohen had also ended. She returned to Toronto and re-opened the school there. The school later moved to its present location in the [[Forest Hill, Toronto|Forest Hill]] [[Neighbourhood|neighborhood]] of Toronto.<ref> George, Lianne (7 November 2008). [http://www.macleans.ca/society/health/dumbed-down/ "Dumbed down"]'', [[Maclean's]]''. Retrieved 6 June 2015.</ref> Barbara Arrowsmith Young is still the [[Board of directors|director]] and owner of the school. She is also the owner and director of a second branch of the school in [[Peterborough, Ontario]]. It was opened in 2005.<ref name="ASParticipating">{{Cite web|title=Arrowsmith Providers {{!}} Arrowsmith|url=https://www.arrowsmith.ca/providers|access-date=2023-10-06|website=www.arrowsmith.ca|language=en}}</ref> Both branches have had a growing numbers of students from outside Canada. This happened after Arrowsmith Young's 2012 [[speaking tour]] to New Zealand, Australia and the United Kingdom. This tour was for her to talk about her book ''The Woman Who Changed Her Brain''. In October 2012, about one third of the students the Peterborough branch were from other countries. Seven students were from Australia, one student was from the [[United Arab Emirates]] and one student was from the United States).<ref>McCormick, Rob (9 October 2012). [http://www.thepeterboroughexaminer.com/2012/10/09/global-reach-at-school-for-learning-disabled "Global reach at school for learning disabled"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150606155357/http://www.thepeterboroughexaminer.com/2012/10/09/global-reach-at-school-for-learning-disabled|date=2015-06-06}}. ''[[Peterborough Examiner]]''. Retrieved 6 June 2015.</ref> In 2005 Howard Eaton opened the Eaton Arrowsmith School in [[Vancouver]]. It is modelled on the Arrowsmith School in Toronto. The Eaton Arrowmith School opened branches in [[British Columbia]] at [[Victoria, British Columbia|Victoria]] in 2009 and [[White Rock, British Columbia|White Rock]] in 2012.<ref>EatonArrowsmithSchool.com. [http://www.eatonarrowsmithschool.com/the-eas-difference/ About us]. Retrieved 6 June 2015.</ref> Eaton opened a branch in the United States at [[Redmond, Washington]]. This school, the Eaton Arrowsmith Academy, opened in September 2014.<ref name="KOMO">Shen, Molly (25 November 2014). [http://www.komonews.com/news/health/New-take-on-learning-disabilities-change-the-brain-283764191.html "New take on learning disabilities: change the brain"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141128183508/http://www.komonews.com/news/health/New-take-on-learning-disabilities-change-the-brain-283764191.html|date=2014-11-28}}. [[KOMO-TV|KOMO News]]. Retrieved 6 June 2015.</ref> Eaton is the owner and director of all four Eaton Arrowsmith schools. === Skepticism and criticism === In his 2008 book ''[[The Brain That Changes Itself]],'' [[Norman Doidge]], a Canadian [[psychiatrist]] and [[psychoanalyst]] wrote an entire chapter about Arrowsmith Young and the Arrowsmith Program. In it he writes about Arrowsmith Young dealing with her learning disabilities and how she created the program. He also includes some small case histories of children and adults who he says were helped by the program. No actual data to support this was presented.<ref>Clark, Elaine and Pompa, Janiece L. (2011). [https://books.google.com/books?id=qyWN1cZ9dqAC&pg=PA183 "Advances in Neuroscience and Reading Disabilities"]. ''The Oxford Handbook of School Psychology'', pp. 183–184. Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0195369807}}</ref> He says that what she has done was "an important discovery." He also said that it had "major implications for education".<ref name="Doidge" /> However, he also says that the Arrowsmith Program has been [[Controversy|controversial]]. There has been a large amount of doubt and criticism from several psychologists, neuroscientists and learning experts. The main reason for this is the lack of scientific evidence that the program does what it says it does. and on its underlying rationale which its critics say represents an [[oversimplification]] and misapplication of neuroscientific concepts.<ref name="Barmak1" /> In Canada, neuroscientist [[Adele Diamond]] and cognitive psychologist [[Linda Siegel]] were on a 2008 [[Canadian Broadcasting Center|CBC]] [[documentary]] about the Arrowsmith program. It was filmed at the Arrowsmith School in Toronto. Siegel was very [[Critic|critical]] about the program. Part of what she said about the program was removed before it was [[Broadcasting|broadcast]] after Arrowsmith Young's [[Lawyer|lawyers]] threatened the CBC with a [[lawsuit]] for [[Defamation|libel]].<ref name="MFHill">Hill, M. F. (29 December 2008). [http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/westcoastnews/story.html?id=a4b7618a-9eaf-4fbe-9dca-1e5e80290369 "Education expert calling her lawyer"]. ''[[Vancouver Sun]]''. Retrieved 31 May 2015.</ref>{{efn|According to the producer of the documentary, two sentences from Siegel were removed: "I think the Arrowsmith Program is a fraud. I think they're taking money from people and not showing any improvement in any kind of any objective way." The rest of her commentary was not changed.<ref name = "MFHill" />}} Siegel was wrote a 2003 report to the [[Vancouver School Board]] (VSB) about The Arrowsmith program. At the time, VSB was running a three-year trial of the program, Siegel's report had a large effect in the VSB's decision to end the program.<ref name="HEaton">Eaton, Howard (2013). [http://www.eatonarrowsmithschool.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Eaton-Review-of-Siegel-2003-Arrowsmith-Program-Evaluation.pdf "Siegel's Study: Points For Comment"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141203144154/http://www.eatonarrowsmithschool.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Eaton-Review-of-Siegel-2003-Arrowsmith-Program-Evaluation.pdf|date=2014-12-03}}. EatonArrowsmithSchool.com. Retrieved 9 June 2015.</ref> ==Further reading== *Alferink, Larry A. and Farmer-Dougan, Valeri (2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20141114161610/http://amyalexander.wiki.westga.edu/file/view/brain+not+based+education-p.pdf "Brain-(not) Based Education: Dangers of Misunderstanding and Misapplication of Neuroscience Research"]. ''Exceptionality'', Vol. 18, pp.&nbsp;42–52 *McArthur, Genevieve and Castles, Anne (April 2013). [https://theconversation.com/brain-training-or-learning-as-we-like-to-call-it-9951 "'Brain-training'... or learning as we like to call it"],''Learning Difficulties Australia'', Vol. 45, No 1 *Coltheart, Max (10 December 2012). [https://theconversation.com/weird-neuroscience-how-education-hijacked-brain-research-10663 "Weird neuroscience: how education hijacked brain research"] retrieved from ''[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]''. *Doidge, Norman (28 February 2001). [https://web.archive.org/web/20080608033917/http://www.societyforqualityeducation.org/newsletter/1114.html "Brain Building"]. ''[[National Post]]'' (reprinted with permission on SocietyForQualityEducation.org) *Melby-Lervåg, M. and, Hulme, C. (February 2013). [http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/dev-49-2-270.pdf "Is Working Memory Training Effective? A Meta-Analytic Review"]. ''Developmental Psychology'', Vol. 49, No. 2, pp.&nbsp;270–291 from the [[University of Oslo]] in [[Norway]]. *Coltheart, Max "[https://pdflink.to/8058cd2d/ Neuromyths]" . As published in the SPELD NSW Newsletter, March 2014 *{{cite web|url=https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.ecosia.org/&httpsredir=1&article=1137&context=eps_diss|work=Hawkins, Ronda|title=A Comprehensive Examination of the Arrowsmith Program at One Private School in Atlanta|publisher=Department of educational policy studies, [[Georgia State University]]. May 15th, 2015}} *[https://pdflink.to/0bab394e/ My experiences with academic difficulties and the Arrowsmith Program by Anonymous] ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} {{Canada-stub}} [[Category:Schools in Ontario]] [[Category:Organizations based in Toronto]] [[Category:Learning]] [[Category:1980 establishments in North America]] [[Category:1980s establishments in Canada]] 8rg1vocw09pzg5lvgfpeu41ae0ilqmm 10368418 10368417 2025-07-02T22:57:14Z Serener 1362271 /* Further reading */ de-linking author 10368418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox school | name = Arrowsmith School | image = | caption = | address = 245 St. Clair Avenue West | city = [[Toronto]] | province = [[Ontario]] | postcode = [[Postal codes in Canada|M4V 1R3]] | country = [[Canada]] | coordinates = {{coord|43.6856|N|79.4056|W|region:CA-ON|display=inline,title}} | schooltype = [[Mixed-sex education|Co-educational]] [[day school]] for children with [[specific learning disabilities]] | fundingtype = [[Private School|Private]] | founded = {{Start date|1980}} | principal = [[Barbara Arrowsmith Young]] | grades_label = [[Education in Canada#Levels in education|Grades]] | grades = 1 – 12 | language = [[Canadian English|English]] | homepage = {{URL|http://arrowsmithschool.org/}} }} The '''Arrowsmith School''' is a [[private school]] in [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]]. It is for children in [[First grade|Grades 1]] to [[Twelfth grade|12]] that have [[Learning disability|learning disabilities]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdadyslexia.org.uk/about-dyslexia/schools-colleges-and-universities/what-are-specific-learning-difficulties.html|title=What are Specific Learning Difficulties: About Dyslexia|publisher=British Dyslexia Association|access-date=2014-04-22|archive-date=2014-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414125522/http://www.bdadyslexia.org.uk/about-dyslexia/schools-colleges-and-universities/what-are-specific-learning-difficulties.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Arrowsmith School was first founded in Toronto in 1980. It was founded by [[Barbara Arrowsmith Young]]. A second location was opened in May 2005 in [[Peterborough, Ontario|Peterborough]], Ontario. The [[Eaton Arrowsmith School]] is modelled on the Toronto school. It was founded by Howard Eaton. That school was opened in 2005 in [[Vancouver, British Columbia|Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]]. It has two other schools in [[Canada]] and one in the [[United States]]. The school uses a program known as the '''Arrowsmith Program.''' This program was created by Arrowsmith Young in 1978. She created it from exercises that she had created for herself in 1977. She has said that they helped her to overcome her own learning difficulties. Her own problems with learning disability are talked about in her 2012 book ''The Woman Who Changed Her Brain''. She says that her way of doing things is based on [[research]] into [[neuroplasticity]]. Her research suggests that the brain is always changing and rewiring itself.<ref name="BAY">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9Yj02tbcP1wC&q=joshua|title=The Woman Who Changed Her Brain: And Other Inspiring Stories of Pioneering Brain Transformation|last=Arrowsmith-Young|first=Barbara|date=May 2012|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-1-4516-0793-2|language=en}}</ref> The program has been used into other public and private schools in Canada, the United States, [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]].<ref name = "ASParticipating" /> Several [[cognitive psychologist]]s and [[Neuroscientist|neuroscientists]] do not think is is a good program.<ref name="Barmak1">{{Cite news|date=2013-01-25|title=Can a controversial learning program transform brains?|language=en-CA|work=The Globe and Mail|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/technology/science/brain/can-a-controversial-learning-program-transform-brains/article7871918/|access-date=2023-10-06}}</ref> ==History== [[Barbara Arrowsmith Young]] founded the original Toronto school in 1980 with her and her then-husband, Joshua Cohen. They created it to teach learning disabled children. They taught the children by using the program and exercises that Arrowsmith Young had begun creating for herself in 1978. She said the program helped her to overcome her own learning difficulties.<ref name="Doidge">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lbgAsJi1plwC&pg=PT48|title=The Brain That Changes Itself: Stories of Personal Triumph from the Frontiers of Brain Science|last=Doidge|first=Norman|date=2008-08-07|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-0-14-103887-2|language=en}}</ref> In Arrowsmith Young's 2012 book, ''The Woman Who Changed Her Brain'', she said she used her middle name for the school in honor of her [[Father|paternal]] [[Grandparent|grandmother]] As a young girl, her grandmother had been one of the [[Settler|pioneer settlers]] of [[Creston, British Columbia]]. The Toronto school grew slowly over time. In 1991, she and Cohen chose to open a second school in [[Brooklyn]], [[New York City|New York]] and stop using the school in Toronto.By 1994 the New York school had closed. The [[marriage]] of Arrowsmith Young and Cohen had also ended. She returned to Toronto and re-opened the school there. The school later moved to its present location in the [[Forest Hill, Toronto|Forest Hill]] [[Neighbourhood|neighborhood]] of Toronto.<ref> George, Lianne (7 November 2008). [http://www.macleans.ca/society/health/dumbed-down/ "Dumbed down"]'', [[Maclean's]]''. Retrieved 6 June 2015.</ref> Barbara Arrowsmith Young is still the [[Board of directors|director]] and owner of the school. She is also the owner and director of a second branch of the school in [[Peterborough, Ontario]]. It was opened in 2005.<ref name="ASParticipating">{{Cite web|title=Arrowsmith Providers {{!}} Arrowsmith|url=https://www.arrowsmith.ca/providers|access-date=2023-10-06|website=www.arrowsmith.ca|language=en}}</ref> Both branches have had a growing numbers of students from outside Canada. This happened after Arrowsmith Young's 2012 [[speaking tour]] to New Zealand, Australia and the United Kingdom. This tour was for her to talk about her book ''The Woman Who Changed Her Brain''. In October 2012, about one third of the students the Peterborough branch were from other countries. Seven students were from Australia, one student was from the [[United Arab Emirates]] and one student was from the United States).<ref>McCormick, Rob (9 October 2012). [http://www.thepeterboroughexaminer.com/2012/10/09/global-reach-at-school-for-learning-disabled "Global reach at school for learning disabled"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150606155357/http://www.thepeterboroughexaminer.com/2012/10/09/global-reach-at-school-for-learning-disabled|date=2015-06-06}}. ''[[Peterborough Examiner]]''. Retrieved 6 June 2015.</ref> In 2005 Howard Eaton opened the Eaton Arrowsmith School in [[Vancouver]]. It is modelled on the Arrowsmith School in Toronto. The Eaton Arrowmith School opened branches in [[British Columbia]] at [[Victoria, British Columbia|Victoria]] in 2009 and [[White Rock, British Columbia|White Rock]] in 2012.<ref>EatonArrowsmithSchool.com. [http://www.eatonarrowsmithschool.com/the-eas-difference/ About us]. Retrieved 6 June 2015.</ref> Eaton opened a branch in the United States at [[Redmond, Washington]]. This school, the Eaton Arrowsmith Academy, opened in September 2014.<ref name="KOMO">Shen, Molly (25 November 2014). [http://www.komonews.com/news/health/New-take-on-learning-disabilities-change-the-brain-283764191.html "New take on learning disabilities: change the brain"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141128183508/http://www.komonews.com/news/health/New-take-on-learning-disabilities-change-the-brain-283764191.html|date=2014-11-28}}. [[KOMO-TV|KOMO News]]. Retrieved 6 June 2015.</ref> Eaton is the owner and director of all four Eaton Arrowsmith schools. === Skepticism and criticism === In his 2008 book ''[[The Brain That Changes Itself]],'' [[Norman Doidge]], a Canadian [[psychiatrist]] and [[psychoanalyst]] wrote an entire chapter about Arrowsmith Young and the Arrowsmith Program. In it he writes about Arrowsmith Young dealing with her learning disabilities and how she created the program. He also includes some small case histories of children and adults who he says were helped by the program. No actual data to support this was presented.<ref>Clark, Elaine and Pompa, Janiece L. (2011). [https://books.google.com/books?id=qyWN1cZ9dqAC&pg=PA183 "Advances in Neuroscience and Reading Disabilities"]. ''The Oxford Handbook of School Psychology'', pp. 183–184. Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0195369807}}</ref> He says that what she has done was "an important discovery." He also said that it had "major implications for education".<ref name="Doidge" /> However, he also says that the Arrowsmith Program has been [[Controversy|controversial]]. There has been a large amount of doubt and criticism from several psychologists, neuroscientists and learning experts. The main reason for this is the lack of scientific evidence that the program does what it says it does. and on its underlying rationale which its critics say represents an [[oversimplification]] and misapplication of neuroscientific concepts.<ref name="Barmak1" /> In Canada, neuroscientist [[Adele Diamond]] and cognitive psychologist [[Linda Siegel]] were on a 2008 [[Canadian Broadcasting Center|CBC]] [[documentary]] about the Arrowsmith program. It was filmed at the Arrowsmith School in Toronto. Siegel was very [[Critic|critical]] about the program. Part of what she said about the program was removed before it was [[Broadcasting|broadcast]] after Arrowsmith Young's [[Lawyer|lawyers]] threatened the CBC with a [[lawsuit]] for [[Defamation|libel]].<ref name="MFHill">Hill, M. F. (29 December 2008). [http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/westcoastnews/story.html?id=a4b7618a-9eaf-4fbe-9dca-1e5e80290369 "Education expert calling her lawyer"]. ''[[Vancouver Sun]]''. Retrieved 31 May 2015.</ref>{{efn|According to the producer of the documentary, two sentences from Siegel were removed: "I think the Arrowsmith Program is a fraud. I think they're taking money from people and not showing any improvement in any kind of any objective way." The rest of her commentary was not changed.<ref name = "MFHill" />}} Siegel was wrote a 2003 report to the [[Vancouver School Board]] (VSB) about The Arrowsmith program. At the time, VSB was running a three-year trial of the program, Siegel's report had a large effect in the VSB's decision to end the program.<ref name="HEaton">Eaton, Howard (2013). [http://www.eatonarrowsmithschool.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Eaton-Review-of-Siegel-2003-Arrowsmith-Program-Evaluation.pdf "Siegel's Study: Points For Comment"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141203144154/http://www.eatonarrowsmithschool.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Eaton-Review-of-Siegel-2003-Arrowsmith-Program-Evaluation.pdf|date=2014-12-03}}. EatonArrowsmithSchool.com. Retrieved 9 June 2015.</ref> ==Further reading== *Alferink, Larry A. and Farmer-Dougan, Valeri (2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20141114161610/http://amyalexander.wiki.westga.edu/file/view/brain+not+based+education-p.pdf "Brain-(not) Based Education: Dangers of Misunderstanding and Misapplication of Neuroscience Research"]. ''Exceptionality'', Vol. 18, pp.&nbsp;42–52 *McArthur, Genevieve and Castles, Anne (April 2013). [https://theconversation.com/brain-training-or-learning-as-we-like-to-call-it-9951 "'Brain-training'... or learning as we like to call it"],''Learning Difficulties Australia'', Vol. 45, No 1 *Coltheart, Max (10 December 2012). [https://theconversation.com/weird-neuroscience-how-education-hijacked-brain-research-10663 "Weird neuroscience: how education hijacked brain research"] retrieved from ''[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]''. *Doidge, Norman (28 February 2001). [https://web.archive.org/web/20080608033917/http://www.societyforqualityeducation.org/newsletter/1114.html "Brain Building"]. ''[[National Post]]'' (reprinted with permission on SocietyForQualityEducation.org) *Melby-Lervåg, M. and, Hulme, C. (February 2013). [http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/dev-49-2-270.pdf "Is Working Memory Training Effective? A Meta-Analytic Review"]. ''Developmental Psychology'', Vol. 49, No. 2, pp.&nbsp;270–291 from the [[University of Oslo]] in [[Norway]]. *Coltheart, Max "[https://pdflink.to/8058cd2d/ Neuromyths]" . As published in the SPELD NSW Newsletter, March 2014 *{{cite web|url=https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.ecosia.org/&httpsredir=1&article=1137&context=eps_diss|work=Hawkins, Ronda|title=A Comprehensive Examination of the Arrowsmith Program at One Private School in Atlanta|publisher=Department of educational policy studies, [[Georgia State University]]. May 15th, 2015}} *[https://pdflink.to/0bab394e/ My experiences with academic difficulties and the Arrowsmith Program] by Anonymous ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} {{Canada-stub}} [[Category:Schools in Ontario]] [[Category:Organizations based in Toronto]] [[Category:Learning]] [[Category:1980 establishments in North America]] [[Category:1980s establishments in Canada]] ggh2wdnwvxx7aswjcoaa3uzchjfwklm 0 1052901 10368524 10363458 2025-07-03T00:03:00Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 1) Merged 2 duplicated references; 2) Fixed 2 author parameter errors; 3) Fixed a grammatical issue of doubled redundant "the" displayed next to each other 10368524 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiple issues| {{cleanup|date=January 2025}}{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}} {{Current|2=war|date=7 October 2023 – present}} }} {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Gaza–Israel war (2023–present) | partof = the [[Israel–Palestine conflict|Palestine–Israel conflict]] | image = File:October 2023 Gaza−Israel conflict.svg | caption = {{leftlegend|#F08080|Gaza under Palestinian control}} {{leftlegend|#5788FF|Gaza under Israeli occupation}} {{leftlegend|#9bf7f0|Furthest Israeli advance in Gaza}} {{leftlegend|#FFFF00|Evacuated areas inside Israel}} {{left|1={{legend-line|red dashed 2px|Furthest Palestinian advance in Israel}} }} {{left|1={{legend-line|blue dashed 2px|Areas of Gaza subject to Israeli evacuation orders. }} }} | date = 7 October 2023 – present<br/>({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=10|day1=7|year1=2023}}) | place = [[Israel]], [[State of Palestine|Palestine]], [[Lebanon]], [[Syria]], [[Yemen]], [[Iraq]], [[Iran]] | result = | combatant1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of al-Qassam Brigades.svg}} [[Hamas]]<br />{{flag|Palestinian Islamic Jihad}}<br />{{flagicon|Fatah}} [[Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades]]<br> [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine |PFLP]]<ref>{{cite web|title=صادر عن كتائب الشهيد أبو علي مصطفى الجناح العسكري للجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين|url=https://pflp.ps/post/23726/%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-|date=7 October 2023|author=PFLP}}</ref><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine.svg}} [[Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine|DFLP]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://alhourriah.org/article/125212 |title=الحرية – بيان عسكري صادر عن كتائب المقاومة الوطنية (قوات الشهيد عمر القاسم) استشهاد ثلاثة من مقاتلينا داخل اراضينا المحتلة عام 48 |access-date=7 October 2023 |archive-date=7 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007111235/https://alhourriah.org/article/125212 |url-status=live }}</ref><br/>'''Non-Palestinian groups:'''<br/>{{flag|Hezbollah}}<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hezbollah and Israel exchange fire as Israeli soldiers continue to battle Hamas|language=en|work=Le Monde|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2023/10/08/hezbollah-and-israel-exchange-fire-as-israeli-soldiers-continue-to-battle-hamas_6156563_4.html|access-date=}}</ref><br/> {{flag|Ansarallah}}<ref>Dahan, Maha El (31 October 2023). [https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/yemens-houthis-enter-mideast-fray-hardening-spillover-fears-2023-10-31/ "Yemen's Houthis enter Mideast fray, hardening spillover fears"]. Reuters. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231101003305/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/yemens-houthis-enter-mideast-fray-hardening-spillover-fears-2023-10-31/ Archived] from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 31 October 2023.</ref> | combatant2 = {{flag|Israel}} <br /> '''Supported by:'''<br/>{{flag|United States}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2024-03/fs_2403_at_2023.pdf |title=TRENDS IN INTERNATIONAL ARMS TRANSFERS, 2023 |date=March 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024 |website=sipri.org}}</ref><br/>{{flag|Germany}}<ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240330143004/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/29/world/europe/germany-israel-gaza.html |archive-date=30 March 2024 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/29/world/europe/germany-israel-gaza.html |title=A Loyal Israel Ally, Germany Shifts Tone as the Toll in Gaza Mounts | date= 29 March 2024 | access-date= 31 March 2021 | website = [[The New York Times]] }}</ref><br/>{{flag|United Kingdom}} | commander1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of al-Qassam Brigades.svg}} [[Ismail Haniyeh]]<br/>{{flagicon image|Flag of al-Qassam Brigades.svg}} [[Muhammad Deif|Mohammed Al-Deif]]<br/>{{flagicon image|Flag of al-Qassam Brigades.svg}} [[Yahya Sinwar]]<br />{{flagicon|Palestinian Islamic Jihad}} [[Ziyad al-Nakhalah]]<br /> {{flagicon image|Flag of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine.svg}} [[Nayef Hawatmeh]]<br />[[Ahmad Saadat]]<hr>{{flagicon|Hezbollah}} [[Hassan Nasrallah]]<br/>{{flagicon|Yemen}} [[Abdul-Malik al-Houthi]] | commander2 = {{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel.svg}} [[Benjamin Netanyahu]]<br/>{{flagicon|Israel}} [[Isaac Herzog]]<br/>{{flagicon image|Flag_of_Israel_Minister_of_Defence.svg}} [[Yoav Gallant]]<br/>{{flagicon|Israel}} [[Benny Gantz]]<br/>{{flagicon image|Flag_of_IDF_Chief_of_Staff.svg}} [[Herzi Halevi]]<br/>{{flagicon|Israel}} [[Yaron Finkelman]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bybelezer|first=Charles|date=10 July 2023|title=IDF Southern Command gets a new leader|url=https://www.jns.org/israel-news/idf-southern-command/23/7/10/301350/|access-date=2 November 2023|website=JNS.org|language=en-US}}</ref> | strength1 = 20,000–40,000<br/>6,000 entered Israel <ref name=":0"/> | strength2 = 530,500<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.iiss.org/publications/the-military-balance/the-military-balance-2021| title=The Military Balance 2021| author1=International Institute for Strategic Studies| author-link1=International Institute for Strategic Studies| date=25 February 2021| publisher=[[Routledge]]| location=[[London]]| page=344| isbn=978-1-032-01227-8| access-date=14 October 2023| archive-date=21 January 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121114152/https://www.iiss.org/publications/the-military-balance/the-military-balance-2021| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Hassan|first1=Jennifer|last2=Taylor|first2=Adam|date=10 October 2023|title=Israel's massive mobilization of 360,000 reservists upends lives|language=en-US|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/10/10/israel-military-draft-reservists/|access-date=|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> | units1 = * {{flagicon image|Flag of al-Qassam Brigades.svg}} [[Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades|Al-Qassam Brigades]]<ref name="roya">{{Cite news |title=Qassam Brigades announces control of 'Erez Crossing' |url=https://en.royanews.tv/news/44975/2023-10-07 |publisher=[[Roya TV]] |date=7 October 2023 |access-date=7 October 2023 |archive-date=7 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007102147/https://en.royanews.tv/news/44975/2023-10-07 |url-status=live }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Palestinian Islamic Jihad}} [[Al-Quds Brigades]] * {{flagicon image|AbuAliMustafa.jpg}} [[Abu Ali Mustafa Brigades]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2023|title=This is a day when the nature of the conflict and the dignity of the Arab nation are restored: Abu Ali Mustafa Brigades|url=https://www.abuali.ps/news/3188|access-date=|website=كتائب الشهيد أبو علي مصطفى}}</ref> * {{flagicon|Palestine}} [[Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades]] * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine.svg}} [[National Resistance Brigades]] | units2 = * {{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces.svg}} [[Israel Defense Forces]]{{bulleted list |{{flagicon image|Flag of the Israeli Golani Brigade.svg}} [[Golani Brigade]] | {{flagicon image|Flag of the Israeli Givati Brigade.svg}} [[Givati Brigade]] }} * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Israel Police.svg}} [[Israel Police]] * {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Shin Bet]] | status = Ongoing | casualties1 = '''Gaza Strip''': * 34,535+ killed{{efn|name=gazamoh|Per [[Gaza Health Ministry]] and Government Information Office:<ref name="cas1tmp4">{{cite news |title=15 مجزرة إسرائيلية و162 شهيدًا في 24 ساعة بغزة اقرأ المزيد عبر المركز الفلسطيني للإعلام |url=https://palinfo.com/news/2024/01/05/870667/ |access-date=4 January 2024 |publisher=The Palestinian Information Center |date=4 January 2024 |language=Arabic}}</ref> * 2,418 militants (Palestinian claim per [[Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Statistics on the Israeli attack on the Gaza Strip (07 - 27 December 2023) |url=https://euromedmonitor.org/en/article/6063/Statistics-on-the-Israeli-attack-on-the-Gaza-Strip-%2807---27-December-2023%29 |website=Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor |access-date=28 December 2023}}</ref> *14,000+ children<ref name="cas1tmp1">{{#invoke:cite news||title=الإعلام الحكومي يحذر من التواطؤ الدولي بتجويع وتعطيش غزة ويطالب بفتح معبر رفح اقرأ المزيد عبر المركز الفلسطيني للإعلام |url=https://palinfo.com/news/2023/12/18/868030/ |access-date=19 December 2023 |publisher=The Palestinian Information Center |date=19 December 2023 |language=Arabic}}</ref> * 10,000+ women<ref name="cas1tmp1"/> * 1,050+ elderly<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||title=محرقة غزة: 11078 شهيدا منهم 4506 طفلا و3027 سيدة اقرأ المزيد عبر المركز الفلسطيني للإعلام |url=https://palinfo.com/news/2023/11/10/860934/ |access-date=10 November 2023 |publisher=The Palestinian Information Center |date=10 November 2023 |language=Arabic}}</ref> * 360+ paramedics and medical staff<ref name="cas1tmp2">{{#invoke:cite news||title=7 اقرأ المزيد عبر المركز الفلسطيني للإعلام|url=https://palinfo.com/news/2023/12/15/867508/ |access-date=17 December 2023 |publisher=The Palestinian Information Center |date=15 December 2023 |language=Arabic}}</ref> * 165 UN staff<ref name="UNstaffkilled">{{#invoke:cite web||title=AT LEAST ONE UNRWA STAFF KILLED WHEN ISRAELI FORCES HIT UNRWA CENTRE USED FOR FOOD AND LIFESAVING SUPPLIES|url=https://www.unrwa.org/newsroom/official-statements/least-one-unrwa-staff-killed-when-israeli-forces-hit-unrwa-centre-used|access-date=14 March 2024|publisher=United Nations}}</ref>{{efn|Per the UN}} * 132–200 journalists<ref name="cas1tmp1"/>}}<ref name=":ARE" /> * 77,704+ wounded{{efn|75% women and children<ref name="cas1tmp4"/><ref name="cas1">{{#invoke:cite news||title=اقرأ المزيد عبر المركز الفلسطيني للإعلام|url=https://palinfo.com/news/2023/12/05/865811/ |access-date=5 December 2023 |publisher=The Palestinian Information Center |date=5 December 2023 |language=Arabic}}</ref>}} * 8,000+ missing{{efn|70% women and children<ref>{{#invoke:cite web||last=AJLabs |title=Israel-Gaza war in maps and charts: Live tracker |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/longform/2023/10/9/israel-hamas-war-in-maps-and-charts-live-tracker |access-date=20 December 2023 |publisher=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref>}} '''West Bank''':{{efn|per the [[Ministry of Health (Palestine) |Palestinian Ministry of Health]] }} * 435+ killed<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||title=Israeli forces kill three Palestinians in West Bank clashes, WAFA says |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/2467216/middle-east |access-date=29 February 2024 |publisher=Arab News |date=27 February 2024}}</ref> * 4,700+ wounded<ref>{{#invoke:cite web||title=4 Palestinians injured as Israeli army fires at mosque in northern Jerusalem |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/4-palestinians-injured-as-israeli-army-fires-at-mosque-in-northern-jerusalem/3077170 |access-date=10 December 2023 |website=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref> '''Inside Israel''':<!-- This is being highlighted and not placed in a note since it is claimed by the opposing side. --> * 1,000+ militants killed (according to Israel)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Military briefing: has Israel achieved its war aims in Gaza?|url=https://www.ft.com/content/81717934-e941-4064-9371-30c517399879|access-date=15 January 2024|website=[[Financial Times]]}}</ref> '''Lebanon''':<!-- As per Hezbollah, Israel and Lebanon --> *330+ killed{{efn|Including: *270 Hezbollah fighters<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nasrallah|first=Khalil|date=28 March 2024|title=Hiding the 'ratio': Israel conceals 200+ troop deaths on Lebanon front|url=https://thecradle.co/articles/hiding-the-ratio-israel-conceals-200-troop-deaths-on-lebanon-front|access-date=29 March 2024|website=The Cradle|language=en}}</ref> *4+ PIJ fighters<ref name="320terror">[https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel-at-war/1698035645-liveblog-idf-hits-terrorist-cells-in-lebanon-over-night-international-diplomatic-efforts-continue "LIVEBLOG: IDF hits over 320 terror targets in Gaza, eliminates terrorist cells in southern Lebanon"]. i24NEWS. 23 October 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231023053922/https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel-at-war/1698035645-liveblog-idf-hits-terrorist-cells-in-lebanon-over-night-international-diplomatic-efforts-continue Archived] from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2023.</ref> *15 Amal Movement fighters *6+ Hamas fighters<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hamas leader killed in Lebanon; IDF withdrawing some troops from Gaza|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/live-blog/israel-hamas-war-live-updates-rcna131825|publisher=NBC News|date=3 January 2024 }}</ref> *70+ civilians<ref>{{Cite web|title=Al-Mayadeen journalists killed by Israel in southern Lebanon|url=https://new.thecradle.co/articles/new.thecradle.co|access-date=21 November 2023|website=The Cradle|language=en|archive-date=25 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825210810/https://new.thecradle.co/articles/new.thecradle.co|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} | casualties2 = {{pb}}<!-- This {{pb}} is placed to avoid long dashes, do not remove it. --> '''Israel''': * 1,160+ killed<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 February 2024|title=New Tally Puts October 7 Attack Dead In Israel At 1,163|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/new-tally-puts-october-7-attack-dead-in-israel-at-1-163-78182279|access-date=8 April 2024|website=Barron's}}</ref> * 10,550+ wounded<ref>{{Cite news|title=War caught Israeli rehab hospitals unprepared to handle number of wounded|work=The Times of Israel|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/war-caught-israeli-rehab-hospitals-unprepared-to-handle-number-of-wounded/|access-date=16 February 2024}}</ref> * 245+ captured<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fabian|first=Emanuel|date=31 October 2023|title=Army says at least 240 hostages taken October 7 being held in Gaza|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/army-says-at-least-240-hostages-taken-october-7-being-held-in-gaza/|access-date=2 November 2023|website=The Times of Israel|language=en-US}}</ref> '''Inside Gaza:''' * 262+ soldiers killed<ref name="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)">{{Cite news|title=Swords of Iron Casualties|work=Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)|url=https://www.gov.il/en/departments/news/swords-of-iron-idf-casualties|access-date=8 April 2024}}</ref> * 1,559+ soldiers wounded<ref name="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)" /> * 1 Sikorsky CH-53 Helicopter destroyed<ref>{{Cite news|date=15 October 2023|title=Helicopter carrying Israeli troops to south after Hamas assault was hit by explosive|work=The Times of Israel|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/helicopter-carrying-israeli-troops-to-south-after-hamas-assault-was-hit-by-explosive/|access-date=24 March 2024}}</ref> }} {{2023's fourth quarter Gaza−Israel conflict}} The '''Israel–Hamas war''' is an ongoing armed conflict between [[Israel–Palestine conflict |Israel and Palestine]]. This war began on 7 October 2023, which was also [[Simchat Torah]] (also known as Shemini Atzeret), a major festival and holiday on the [[Hebrew calendar|Jewish calendar]] .<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-07|title=October 2023 {{!}} A surprise attack on Simchat Torah|url=https://israelpolicyforum.org/2023/10/07/october-2023-a-surprise-attack-on-simchat-torah/|access-date=2025-03-05|website=Israel Policy Forum|language=en-US}}</ref> On 7 October 2023, Palestinian [[Terrorism|terror groups]] from Gaza, launched an [[Offensive (military) |offensive]] on [[Israel]] called '''Operation Al Aqsa Flood'''.<ref name="Oasis">{{cite web|date=13 December 2023|title=We announce the start of the al-Aqsa Flood|url=https://www.oasiscenter.eu/en/we-announce-the-start-of-the-al-aqsa-flood|website=Fondazione Internazionale Oasis|language=en|accessdate=31 March 2024}}</ref> About 4200 missiles were launched into Israeli population centers during the morning, and 3800 militants entered by land, air, and sea. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2024-08-31|title=Probe reveals 6,000 Gazans infiltrated Israel during October 7 massacre - report|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-hamas-war/article-817176|date=31 August 2024|access-date=20 March 2025|website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com|language=en}}</ref>Nearly 1,200 Israelis and foreigners were killed,<ref name="Haaretz list 23 October 2024" >{{cite web | work = [[Haaretz]] | title = Israel's Dead: The Names of Those Killed in Hamas Attacks, Massacres and the Israel-Hamas War | url = https://www.haaretz.com/haaretz-explains/2023-10-19/ty-article-magazine/israels-dead-the-names-of-those-killed-in-hamas-massacres-and-the-israel-hamas-war/0000018b-325c-d450-a3af-7b5cf0210000 | date = 2024-10-23 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20241023042727/https://www.haaretz.com/haaretz-explains/2023-10-19/ty-article-magazine/israels-dead-the-names-of-those-killed-in-hamas-massacres-and-the-israel-hamas-war/0000018b-325c-d450-a3af-7b5cf0210000 | archive-date = 2024-10-23 }}</ref> and about 245 were [[Hostage|Taken as hostages]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-10-09|title=Hamas hostages: Stories of the people taken from Israel|language=en-GB|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67053011|access-date=2025-03-20}}</ref> An Israeli operation called '''Iron Swords''' by the [[Israel Defense Forces |IDF]] was launched in response, eliminating 23 out of Hamas's 24 batallions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-09-27|title=23 out of 24 battalions of Hamas were destroyed|url=https://en.axar.az/news/world/902068.html|access-date=2025-03-05|website=Axar.Az|language=en}}</ref> The operation has caused the death of over 40,000 Palestinians, including militants.<ref>{{Cite news|date=30 April 2024|title=Gaza death toll from ongoing Israeli aggression surpasses 34,535|agency=WAFA News Agency|url=https://english.wafa.ps/Pages/Details/143614}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=More than 40,000 killed in Israel’s war in Gaza, Health Ministry says|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/08/15/gaza-death-toll-israel-hamas/|url-status=live|website=The Washington Post}}</ref> Hamas stated that the offensive was in response to the continued Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories, the [[blockade]] of the Gaza Strip, the expansion of unauthorized Israeli settlements and increase in Israeli settler violence.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hamas leader says operation 'heroic epic' in response to aggression against Al-Aqsa|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/hamas-leader-says-operation-heroic-epic-in-response-to-aggression-against-al-aqsa/3010615|access-date=|website=Anadolu Agansi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=12 October 2023|title=Six Israeli failings which led to Al-Aqsa Flood|url=https://www.newarab.com/opinion/six-israeli-failings-which-led-al-aqsa-flood|access-date=|website=The New Arab|language=en}}</ref> The [[armed conflict]] is part of the [[Gaza–Israel conflict]], which is part of the [[Israel–Palestine conflict]]. == Names == Palestinian militant groups call the offensive '''Operation al-Aqsa Flood''' (<!--'operation the [[deluge]]'-->''amaliyyat ṭūfān al-ʾAqṣā'').<ref>{{Cite news |last=McKernan |first=Bethan |date=7 October 2023 |title=Hundreds die and hostages held as Hamas assault shocks Israel |language=en-GB |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/07/israel-strikes-back-after-massive-palestinian-attack |access-date=7 October 2023 |issn=0029-7712 |archive-date=7 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007192641/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/07/israel-strikes-back-after-massive-palestinian-attack |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ToI-5000-flood2">{{Cite news |last=Pacchiani |first=Gianluca |date=7 October 2023 |title=Hamas claims to fire 5,000 rockets at Israel, declares 'Operation Al-Aqsa Flood' |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/hamas-calims-to-fire-5000-rockets-at-israel-declares-operation-al-aqsa-flood/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007104910/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/hamas-calims-to-fire-5000-rockets-at-israel-declares-operation-al-aqsa-flood/ |archive-date=7 October 2023 |access-date=7 October 2023 |work=[[The Times of Israel]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= We announce the start of the al-Aqsa Flood |url=https://www.oasiscenter.eu/en/we-announce-the-start-of-the-al-aqsa-flood |website=Fondazione Internazionale Oasis |accessdate=31 March 2024 |language=en |date=13 December 2023}}</ref><ref name="video 2796">{{cite news|last1=Deif|first1=Mohammed|date=7 October 2023|title=Title: خطاب قائد هيئة أركان القسام محمد الضيف (7 أكتوبر) Speech by Al-Qassam Chief of Staff Muhammad Al-Deif (October 7)|work=Ezzedeen Al-Qassam Brigades|publisher=دائرة الإعلام العسكري Military Information Department|agency=كتائب الشهيد عز الدين القسام - فلسطين|issue=video 2796|url=https://alqassam.ps/arabic/videos/index/2796|accessdate=31 March 2024}}</ref> Israeli authorities call its [[Counterattack|counteroffensive]] '''Operation Iron Swords''' (''Mivtsá charavót barzél'').<ref>{{Cite news|date=7 October 2023|title=IDF strikes Hamas as operation 'Iron Swords' commences|work=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-762075|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007220630/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-762075|archive-date=7 October 2023|accessdate=}}</ref> Some [[news agency|news agencies]] and [[commentator]]s have called the ongoing conflict ''the'' '''Third Intifada''' <!--, following the prior Palestinian uprisings of the -->(related pages, [[First Intifada|First]] and [[Second Intifada]]s).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sengupta |first=Arjun |date=7 October 2023|title=A Third Intifada? What we know about the latest Hamas-Israel escalation |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-global/third-intifada-hamas-israel-escalation-8972498/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007160227/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-global/third-intifada-hamas-israel-escalation-8972498/ |archive-date=7 October 2023 |access-date=7 October 2023 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en |quote=Some observers have referred to the latest escalation as the beginning of the "Third Intifada".}}</ref> Others have called it the '''Sukkot War''', after the [[Sukkot|festivity]] celebrated the day the conflict started.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sanz |first=Juan Carlos |date=7 October 2023 |title=Sukkot war ends Hamas's aspirations for pragmatism |url=https://english.elpais.com/international/2023-10-07/sukkot-war-ends-hamass-aspirations-for-pragmatism.html |newspaper=[[El País]] |location=Rabat |access-date=9 October 2023 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009010554/https://english.elpais.com/international/2023-10-07/sukkot-war-ends-hamass-aspirations-for-pragmatism.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Margalit |first=Ruth |date=7 October 2023 |title=Waking to an Attack from Hamas |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/dispatch/waking-to-an-attack-from-hamas |newspaper=[[The New Yorker]] |quote=In Israel, there is already talk about this being the beginning of a protracted 'Sukkot War.' |access-date=9 October 2023 |archive-date=8 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008235309/https://www.newyorker.com/news/dispatch/waking-to-an-attack-from-hamas |url-status=live}}</ref> == 7 October == {{7 October attacks}} {{main| 7 October attacks }} In the [[7 October 2023 attack on Israel|October 7th attacks]], also known as the October 7th massacre<ref>{{Cite web|title=Honoring the Victims and Heroes of the October 7 Massacre|url=https://international.tau.ac.il/october-7-ceremony|access-date=2025-03-21|website=international.tau.ac.il|language=en-US}}</ref>, a Hamas-led coalition invaded Israel, massacred around 800 civilians and 350 security personnel and [[Kidnapping|Kidnapped]] 250 civilians as hostages<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-10-07|title=Hamas terrorist attacks on October 7: The deadliest day in Israel's history|url=https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20241007-hamas-terrorist-attacks-7-october-deadliest-day-israel-history-anniversary|access-date=2025-03-21|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref>. It is the largest massacre against Jews in [[Israel]], largest terror attack by casualties per capita<ref>{{Cite web|title=Why 10/7 Was Worse for Israel Than 9/11 Was for America {{!}} The Washington Institute|url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/why-107-was-worse-israel-911-was-america|access-date=2025-03-21|website=www.washingtoninstitute.org|language=en}}</ref> and the largest massacre of jews since [[The Holocaust]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-10-11|title=THE MOST DEADLY MASSACRE AGAINST JEWS SINCE THE HOLOCAUST|url=https://www.holocaustmuseumla.org/post/the-most-deadly-massacre-against-jews-since-the-holocaust|access-date=2025-03-21|website=Holocaust Museum LA|language=en}}</ref> == Deaths == [[File:Timeline of Israel-Palestine fatalities 2008-2023.png|thumb|center|upright=1.3|[[Israeli casualties of war|Israeli]] and [[Palestinian casualties of war|Palestinian deaths]] ]] === Palestine === Over 33,091 people have been killed in Gaza, most of whom were [[civilian]]s (according to the [[Palestinian Health Ministry]]).<ref name=":ARE">{{Cite news|date=5 April 2024|title=At least 33,091 Palestinians killed in Gaza offensive since Oct. 7: Ministry|work=Al Arabiya English|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2024/04/05/at-least-33-091-palestinians-killed-in-gaza-offensive-since-oct-7-ministry-}}</ref> [[Doctors Without Borders]] said that Israel attacked the Indonesian Hospital in the Gaza Strip, killing one nurse and one ambulance driver while injuring several others.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Edmonds|first=Lauren|title=Doctors Without Borders says healthcare facilities 'cannot become targets' after Israeli forces struck a hospital|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/doctors-without-borders-hospitals-ambulances-targets-israel-hamas-gaza-2023-10|access-date=|website=Business Insider|language=en-US}}</ref> The [[family home]] of the father of [[Mohammed Deif]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 October 2023|title=Israel Bombs House Of Hamas Military Chief's Father|url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/israel-bombs-house-of-hamas-military-chief-mohammed-deifs-father-4469738|access-date=|publisher=NDTV}}</ref> the [[Chief of Staff]] of the [[Qassam Brigades]],<ref>{{cite news | title = Military Communiqué issued by Ezzedeen Al Qassam Brigades: Statement by Al-Qassam Brigades Chief of Staff Mohammed Deif | url = https://en.alqassam.ps/statement/1552/Statement-by-Al-Qassam-Brigades-Chief-of-Staff-Mohammed-Deif | date = 7 October 2023 | work = [[Ezzedeen Al-Qassam Brigades]]: Information Office | archive-url = https://archive.today/20241026120334/https://en.alqassam.ps/statement/1552/Statement-by-Al-Qassam-Brigades-Chief-of-Staff-Mohammed-Deif | archive-date = 2024-10-26 }}</ref> was hit by an [[airstrike]] in [[Khan Younis]]; his father, brother and at least two other relatives were killed in the attack.<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 October 2023|title=Israel Bombs House Of Hamas Military Chief's Father|url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/israel-bombs-house-of-hamas-military-chief-mohammed-deifs-father-4469738|access-date=|publisher=NDTV}}</ref> According to [[Committee to Protect Journalists]], at least 90 Palestinian [[Journalist|journalists]] were killed by the Israeli airstrikes as of 15 April 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 April 2024|title=Journalist casualties in the Israel-Gaza war|url=https://cpj.org/2023/12/journalist-casualties-in-the-israel-gaza-conflict/|access-date=|website=[[Committee to Protect Journalists|CPJ]]|language=en-US}}</ref> While other reports says, at least 132 Palestinian journalists were killed as of 16 February 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|title=130 journalists killed in Gaza since 7 October|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/media-office-130-journalists-killed-gaza-7-october|access-date=16 February 2024|website=[[Middle East Eye]]|language=en}}</ref> === Israel === Palestinian militants killed about 1,139 people in Israel (including 604 soldiers<ref name="Times of Israel">{{Cite news|title=Authorities name 604 soldiers, 61 police officers killed in Gaza war|work=The Times of Israel|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/authorities-name-44-soldiers-30-police-officers-killed-in-hamas-attack/|access-date=9 April 2024}}</ref> and some foreigners). The Israeli forces claim they killed about 1,000 of the Palestinian invaders.<ref>{{Cite news|last=חדשות|date=11 October 2023|title=צה"ל: "יותר מ-1,200 נרצחו ונפלו מתחילת המלחמה"|language=he|work=Ynet|url=https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/rk11nxcxz6|access-date=11 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Fabian|first=Emanuel|date=8 October 2023|title=Authorities name 301 soldiers, 55 police officers killed in 2023 terror clashes|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/authorities-name-44-soldiers-30-police-officers-killed-in-hamas-attack/|access-date=|website=The Times of Israel|language=en-US}}</ref> The 1,139 number counts the 822 Israeli civilians,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Overton|first=Iain|date=20 December 2023|title=An analysis of the 7th of October 2023 casualties in Israel|url=https://aoav.org.uk/2023/an-analysis-of-the-7th-of-october-2023-casualties-in-israel-as-a-result-of-the-hamas-attack/|access-date=24 December 2023|website=AOAV|language=en-US}}</ref> 604 Israeli soldiers,<ref name="Times of Israel" /> 61+ police officers,<ref name="Times of Israel" /> 10 Shin Bet members<ref name="shinbet">{{Cite news |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/authorities-name-44-soldiers-30-police-officers-killed-in-hamas-attack/ |title=Authorities name 286 soldiers, 51 police officers killed in 2023 terror clashes |first=Emanuel |last=Fabian |work=[[The Times of Israel]] |access-date=8 October 2023 |archive-date=8 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008151607/https://www.timesofisrael.com/authorities-name-44-soldiers-30-police-officers-killed-in-hamas-attack/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and 166 foreigners and dual-nationals.<!-- (for a full list [[2023 Israel–Hamas war#Foreign and dual-national victims|see here]])]--><ref name="cas2">{{cite news |title=Over 1,400 Killed In Hamas Attacks On Israel: PM Office |url=https://www.barrons.com/news/over-1-400-killed-in-hamas-attacks-on-israel-pm-office-787d2b0f?refsec=topics_afp-news |access-date=15 October 2023 |publisher=Barron's |date=15 October 2023}}</ref> [[:en:Jayar_Davidov|Jayar Davidov]] of [[:en:Rahat|Rahat]], was killed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 October 2023 |title=The Chief of the Rahat police, Sen. Giyar Davidov, was killed today |url=https://cedarnews.net/task/breakingnews/news-task/640691/the-chief-of-the-rahat-police-sen-giyar-davidov-was-killed-today/ |access-date=7 October 2023 |website=Cedar News |language=ar |archive-date=7 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007231427/https://cedarnews.net/task/breakingnews/news-task/640691/the-chief-of-the-rahat-police-sen-giyar-davidov-was-killed-today/ |url-status=live}}</ref><!-- The [[IDF]] said that 44 of its soldiers were killed.--> The commander of the [[:en:Nahal_Brigade|Nahal Brigade]], Colonel [[:en:Yonatan_Steinberg|Yonatan Steinberg]], was killed near [[:en:Kerem_Shalom|Kerem Shalom]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Commander of IDF's Nahal Brigade killed in clashes with Hamas on Gaza border |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/commander-of-idfs-nahal-brigade-killed-in-clashes-with-hamas-on-gaza-border/ |work=[[The Times of Israel]]|date=7 October 2023 |access-date=7 October 2023 |archive-date=7 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007231424/https://www.timesofisrael.com/commander-of-idfs-nahal-brigade-killed-in-clashes-with-hamas-on-gaza-border/|url-status=live}}</ref> In [[:en:Ashkelon|Ashkelon]],<ref name="bbc1" /> at least 68 died<!-- while 280 others were reported in Beer Sheva, 60 of which were in a serious condition-->.<ref name="ap1">{{Cite news |url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-gaza-hamas-rockets-airstrikes-tel-aviv-11fb98655c256d54ecb5329284fc37d2|title=Hamas militant group has started a war that 'Israel will win,' defense minister says |date=7 October 2023 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |first1=Josef |last1=Federman |first2=Issam |last2=Adwan |access-date=7 October 2023 |archive-date=7 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007040509/https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-gaza-hamas-rockets-airstrikes-tel-aviv-11fb98655c256d54ecb5329284fc37d2 |url-status=live}}</ref> Dozens of bodies were reportedly discovered at a place, in [[:en:Re'im|Re'im]], where there had been a party.<ref>{{cite news |title=Report: Bodies being removed, identified from site of large party near Re'im |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/report-bodies-being-removed-identified-from-site-of-large-party-near-reim/ |access-date=7 October 2023 |work=The Times of Israel |date=7 October 2023 |archive-date=8 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008000621/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/report-bodies-being-removed-identified-from-site-of-large-party-near-reim/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Battle of Re'im]] happened, and there was fighting at a [[military base]] there. Colonel [[:en:Roi_Levy|Roi Levy]] was killed in the battle.<ref>{{cite news |last=Fabian |first=Emanuel |date=8 October 2023 |title=IDF says commander of elite 'Ghost' unit among those killed in battles |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-says-commander-of-elite-ghost-unit-among-those-killed-in-battles/ |work=The Times of Israel |access-date=8 October 2023}}</ref> On 4 November, [[Abu Obaida (Hamas)|Abu Obaida]] said that at least 60 Israeli captives/[[Prisoner of war|POW]]s were killed by the Israeli airstrikes, but there was no independent verification about it.<!-- Hamas announced that 19 years old POW Tomir Alon Nimrodi, was killed in an Israeli airstrike on Gaza on 9 October 2023. Nimrodi, originally from Kefar Sava, was captured during the Erez crossing raid the day before on 8 Oct.--><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hamas says 60 hostages killed in Israeli airstrikes on Gaza Strip since Oct. 7|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/hamas-says-60-hostages-killed-in-israeli-airstrikes-on-gaza-strip-since-oct-7/3044060|access-date=5 November 2023|website=[[Anadolu Agansi]]}}</ref> Foreigners were killed. (See section below, "Foreign and dual-national victims".) Israeli forces stated that they killed 3 Israeli hostages by mistake in Gaza Strip, which led to protests in israel.<ref name="The Business Standard-2023">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2023|title=Protests in Israel after IDF says It 'accidentally killed' three hostages in Gaza|url=https://www.tbsnews.net/world/protests-israel-after-idf-says-it-accidentally-killed-three-hostages-gaza-758466|access-date=21 December 2023|website=Business Standard|language=en}}</ref> ===Lebanon=== <!-- As per Hezbollah, Israel and Lebanon: (See infobox for latest figures) --> *270 Hezbollah fighters killed<ref name="Al Jazeera-2024">{{Cite web|date=15 April 2024|title=Mapping Israel-Lebanon cross-border attacks|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/longform/2024/4/15/mapping-israel-lebanon-cross-border-attacks|access-date=|publisher=Al Jazeera|language=en}}</ref><br />12 Amal Movement fighters<ref name="Al Jazeera-2024" /><br />At least, 2 Palestinian Islamic Jihad fighters<ref>{{cite news |title=Israeli soldiers and militants killed in confrontation on Lebanon frontier|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67065338 |access-date=14 October 2023 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=11 October 2023}}</ref><br />72+ civilians<ref name="Al Jazeera-2024" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=21 November 2023|title=Al-Mayadeen journalists killed by Israel in southern Lebanon|url=https://new.thecradle.co/articles/new.thecradle.co|access-date=|website=The Cradle|language=en|archive-date=25 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825210810/https://new.thecradle.co/articles/new.thecradle.co|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Foreign and dual-national victims=== Around 100 foreigners were killed. Some of those had [[nationality]] from more than one country, dual nationals. They are from [24 or] 23 countries, according to the ''[[Washington Post]]'' on 11 October.<ref name="Washington Post">{{Cite news|title=People from 23 countries killed, missing in Israel-Hamas war: What to know|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/10/11/israel-hamas-war-foreign-nationals/|newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> (Foreigners were also taken hostage and kidnapped. See section below, "Kidnappings".)<ref>{{cite news |title=What we know: The number of foreigners killed, missing, abducted in Israel |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/10/what-we-know-the-number-of-foreigners-killed-missing-abducted-in-israel |access-date=10 October 2023 |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=10 October 2023 |quote=Argentina’s foreign minister Santiago Cafiero said on Monday that seven Argentinians were killed during the attacks in Israel and 15 more remain missing.}}</ref> 10 Nepalis were killed by Hamas,<ref>{{Cite web|title=10 Nepalis killed in Hamas attack on Israel|url=https://en.setopati.com/social/161893/|access-date=|website=Setopati}}</ref> 1 [[Indonesians|Indonesian]] medic killed by Israel,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indonesia's MER-C condemns Israeli strikes killing its staff in Gaza|url=https://en.antaranews.com/news/295563/indonesias-mer-c-condemns-israeli-strikes-killing-its-staff-in-gaza|access-date=|website=Antara News|date=8 October 2023 }}</ref> 16 Syrians killed by IDF.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Israeli and American strikes killed 55 people, including two civilians... the consequences of the Israeli war on Gaza|language=Ar|work=Syrian Observatory for Human rights|url=https://www.syriahr.com/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b6%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%82%d8%aa%d9%84%d8%aa-55/694922/}}</ref>{{better source|date=January 2025}} 11 [[Americans]] killed by Hamas/Israel.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lee|first1=Arlette Saenz,Betsy Klein,MJ|date=9 October 2023|title=11 US citizens dead in Israel conflict, Biden says|url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/09/politics/americans-israel-gaza/index.html|publisher=[[CNN]]|language=en|accessdate=9 October 2023}}</ref> 3 Israeli hostages in Gaza killed by IDF.<ref name="The Business Standard-2023" /> ==Kidnappings== Approximately 245 hostages were taken.<ref name=NYT2023/><ref name="Shao-2023" /> 124 hostages have been returned alive to Israel (as of January 27, 2025). Seven of those were (freed or) released in a 2025 prisoner exchange deal. 105 (of the 124) were (let go or) released, as part of a 2023 prisoner exchange deal. Four (of the 124) were released by Hamas. Eight were (freed or) rescued by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). 62 hostages were still alive as of December 2024, according to media; However, media said (January 2025) that the family of two of the victims, has been told by the government that those two are dead.<ref>https://www.nrk.no/urix/gissel-funnet-drept-i-gaza-1.17198027. Retrieved 2025-01-09</ref> Earlier (and during the prisoner exchange deal from 24 to 30 November 2023), 105 were released.<ref name=NYT2023>https://www.nytimes.com/article/israel-hostages-hamas-explained.html. ''[[The New York Times]]''.com. Retrieved 17 November 2023</ref><ref name="Shao-2023" /> Around 130-150 IDF soldiers<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 October 2023 |title=الجيش الإسرائيلي يعلن أسر "مدنيين وجنود" لدى حركة حماس |url=https://www.france24.com/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7/20231007-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86-%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AF-%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%89-%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3 |access-date=10 October 2023 |website=فرانس 24 / France 24 |language=ar}}</ref> and civilians were taken as [[hostage]]s. At least 200 Israelis were taken prisoner by Hamas and moved to the [[Gaza Strip]].<ref name="f24-3">{{cite news |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231008-israel-battles-hamas-as-pm-warns-of-long-and-difficult-war|title=Almost 1,000 killed in Israel war with Hamas |publisher=[[France 24]] |date=8 October 2023 |access-date=8 October 2023 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009001110/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231008-israel-battles-hamas-as-pm-warns-of-long-and-difficult-war |url-status=live}}</ref> Most of the hostages were civilians. Many of those were taken from a [[rave]] party.<ref name="Splitref">{{Cite news|last1=Nidal Al-Mughrabi|last2=Dan Williams|date=9 October 2023|title=Israel on war footing as death tolls continue to rise, Hamas threatens to kill captives|language=en|agency=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-retaliates-after-hamas-attacks-deaths-pass-1100-2023-10-09/|access-date=}}</ref> Some foreigners were also captured. Some of those have [[nationality]] from more than one country.<ref name="Washington Post"/> * {{flag|Israel}}i hostages, 13 hostages came back to Israel on 26 November 2023; Earlier, 13 hostages were released (24 November). *from {{flag|Thailand}}, 4 came back (from Gaza) to Israel on 26 November; Earlier, 10 were set free (24 November); Thai authorities think that 18 are still kidnapped (as of November 2023).<!--Earlier that month, 22 people [were] confirmed to be hostages, according to the Thai primeminister--><ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2692659/thats-my-son-thai-family-overjoyed-as-second-group-of-hostages-freed. Retrieved 26 November 2023</ref><ref name=ThaiPhil>https://www.vg.no/nyheter/utenriks/i/WRPKo2/medier-israelske-gisler-er-paa-vei-til-egypt. Retrieved 25 November 2023</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=More Thais confirmed abducted by Hamas|language=en|work=Bangkok Post|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2674454/more-thais-confirmed-abducted-by-hamas|date=1 February 2025 |access-date=4 November 2023}}</ref> In 2025, five Thai hostages were released.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/2952260/three-israeli-hostages-released-in-gaza. Retrieved 2025-02-01</ref> *from {{flag|Nepal}}, 17 people were captured (by Hamas) during the conflict *from {{flag|Ukraine}}, 9 people *from {{flag|Germany}}, [7 or] 8 people are confirmed to be hostages [as of the end of October] but the total is likely [9 or] 10 more, according to German authorities;<ref>{{Cite web|title=Israel-Hamas war: Families plead for German hostages in Gaza – DW – 10/19/2023|url=https://www.dw.com/en/israel-hamas-war-families-plead-for-german-hostages-in-gaza/live-67144325|access-date=4 November 2023|publisher=Deutsche Welle|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 October 2023 |title=Israel-Hamas war: Woman paraded naked by militants identified as German tattoo artist |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/israelhamas-war-woman-paraded-naked-by-militants-identified-as-german-tattoo-artist-101696752176453.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008145012/https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/israelhamas-war-woman-paraded-naked-by-militants-identified-as-german-tattoo-artist-101696752176453.html |archive-date=8 October 2023 |access-date=8 October 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Israeli-German [[Shani Louk]] was found dead in October;<ref>[https://www.spiegel.de/ausland/israel-gaza-news-heute-hamas-geisel-shani-louk-ist-tot-a-c0fd1a81-ba46-4536-adf2-f0bcaa56d005?sara_ref=re-xx-cp-sh Deutsche Hamas-Geisel Shani Louk ist tot]. ''[[Der Spiegel]]''.de. Retrieved 30 October 2023</ref> The majority of her body, was found in May 2024. *from {{flag|Austria}}, 2 people *from {{flag|Philippines}}, 1 hostage was set free [25 November].<ref name=ThaiPhil/> Earlier that month, 2 people were hostages. *from {{flag|Mexico}}, 2 people<ref name="bbcforeign9oct2">{{cite news|date=9 October 2023|title=Hamas Israel attacks: The international victims of the assault on Israel|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67054825|url-status=live|access-date=9 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009163704/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67054825|archive-date=9 October 2023}}</ref> *from {{flag|France}}, 1 person<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 October 2023 |title=French MP says around 8 French citizens dead, missing or abducted in Hamas attack |work=[[The Times of Israel]] |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/french-mp-says-around-8-french-citizens-dead-missing-or-abducted-in-hamas-attack/ |access-date=10 October 2023 |archive-date=10 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010032732/https://www.timesofisrael.com/french-mp-says-around-8-french-citizens-dead-missing-or-abducted-in-hamas-attack/ |url-status=live }}</ref> *from {{flag|Chile}}, 1 person *from {{flag|Denmark}}, 1 person<!--*150 captured--><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Kingsley|first1=Patrick|last2=Boxerman|first2=Aaron|date=9 October 2023|title='I Just Hope That They Are Alive': How Hamas Abducted 150 Israelis|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/09/world/middleeast/hamas-hostages-israel-gaza.html|access-date=|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The bodies of two Israeli hostages were found in buildings near the [[:en:Al-Shifa_Hospital|Al-Shifa Hospital]]; One was a 65-year old civilian, the other was a 19-year old soldier, according to Israeli authorities.<ref>[[Aftenposten]]. 21 November 2023. P. 12. "Yehudit Waiss ... Noa Marciano"</ref> The IDF said earlier (13 October) that Israeli [[Carcass|remains]] and personal items were found on the Gaza Strip, when the 2023 Israeli ground operations took place.<ref>{{cite news|title=Troops on 'localized' raids into Gaza said to recover bodies, items of missing people|date=13 October 2023|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/troops-on-localized-raids-into-gaza-said-to-recover-bodies-items-of-missing-people/|work=[[The Times of Israel]]|access-date=15 October 2023|archive-date=14 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014015742/https://www.timesofisrael.com/troops-on-localized-raids-into-gaza-said-to-recover-bodies-items-of-missing-people/|url-status=live}}</ref> Of these, 4 hostages have been released [as of the middle of November],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fabian|first=Emanuel|title=IDF says number of confirmed hostages held by Hamas rises to 239|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-says-number-of-confirmed-hostages-held-by-hamas-rises-to-239/|access-date=|website=The Times of Israel|language=en-US}}</ref>{{efn|Including: * 120+ civilians,<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 October 2023 |title=Bodies of several Israelis retrieved in Gaza raids – IDF |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2023/oct/14/israel-hamas-war-live-un-says-tens-of-thousands-have-fled-south-in-gaza-israel-strikes-hezbollah-target-in-lebanon-says-idf?filterKeyEvents=false&page=with:block-652a18b18f081db094840ef0#block-652a18b18f081db094840ef0 |url-status=live |access-date=14 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014123101/https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2023/oct/14/israel-hamas-war-live-un-says-tens-of-thousands-have-fled-south-in-gaza-israel-strikes-hezbollah-target-in-lebanon-says-idf?filterKeyEvents=false&page=with:block-652a0cdb8f080e3e7b6d755c |archive-date=14 October 2023 |quote=Israel's military said earlier this morning that it has confirmed that more than 120 civilians are being held hostage in Gaza by Hamas.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=14 October 2023 |title=A Week Into War, Gazans Flee Homes As Israeli Ground Offensive Looms |work=Barron's |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |url=https://www.barrons.com/news/one-week-into-war-thousands-on-the-run-in-gaza-fearing-israel-ground-offensive-1dd6953c?refsec=topics_afp-news |url-status=live |access-date=14 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014122741/https://www.barrons.com/news/one-week-into-war-thousands-on-the-run-in-gaza-fearing-israel-ground-offensive-1dd6953c?refsec=topics_afp-news |archive-date=14 October 2023 |quote=Israel's army has confirmed contacting the families of 120 civilian hostages so far.}}</ref> 17 Nepalis,<ref name="ani">{{cite news|date=7 October 2023|title=At least 7 Nepali injured, 17 held captive by Hamas in Israel: Nepal's envoy|work=ANI|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/world/asia/at-least-7-nepali-injured-17-held-captive-by-hamas-in-israel-nepals-envoy20231007181710/ |url-status=live |access-date=7 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007163708/https://www.aninews.in/news/world/asia/at-least-7-nepali-injured-17-held-captive-by-hamas-in-israel-nepals-envoy20231007181710/ |archive-date=7 October 2023}}</ref> 11 Thais,<ref name="bkpost">{{Cite news |title=2 Thais killed, 8 injured, 11 kidnapped in Hamas attack on Israel |language=en |work=Bangkok Post |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2659873 |url-status=live |access-date=8 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009001424/https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2659873 |archive-date=9 October 2023}}</ref> and 2 Mexicans<ref>{{Cite news |title=Two Mexican citizens believed to be held captive in Gaza |work=[[The Times of Israel]] |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/two-mexican-citizens-believed-to-be-held-captive-in-gaza/ |url-status=live |access-date=8 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009001618/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/two-mexican-citizens-believed-to-be-held-captive-in-gaza/ |archive-date=9 October 2023}}</ref> * 4 of whom were later released}}<!--<ref>{{Cite news|last=Vinograd|first=Cassandra|last2=Kershner|first2=Isabel|date=16 October 2023|title=Hamas Took Nearly 200 Hostages. Here’s What We Know About Them.|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/article/israel-hostages-hamas-explained.html|access-date=|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> of whom two Israeli and two Americans have been released.<ref name=Now4>https://www.vg.no/nyheter/utenriks/i/pQ8QXj/nurit-og-yocheved-loeslatt-fra-hamas?utm_source=vgfront&utm_content=hovedlopet_row2_pos2&utm_medium=dre-6536dc83ccf18bde5ed01340. [[VG]].no. Retrieved 24 October 2023</ref>--> and a captured Israeli soldier was rescued by Israeli forces. Of the 4 hostages that have been released (as of 25 October), two are Israelis and 2 are Americans.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nematpoor|first=Siamak|date=20 October 2023|title=Nødhjelp til Gaza kan komme i løpet av et døgn|url=https://www.nrk.no/urix/nodhjelp-til-gaza-kan-komme-i-lopet-av-et-dogn-1.16603332|access-date=4 November 2023|publisher=NRK|language=nb-NO}}</ref> ==Injured people, refugees, and missing people== [[File:Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_46.jpg|alt=Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_46|thumb|270x270px|Medics transport an injured Palestinian child into [[Al-Shifa hospital]] in [[Gaza City]] following an Israeli airstrike on 11 October 2023.]] *Gaza Strip: 75,750+ injured<ref name=":ARE" /> *Israel: 10,500+ injured<ref>{{Cite news|date=17 December 2023|title=War caught Israeli rehab hospitals unprepared to handle number of wounded|work=The Times of Israel|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/war-caught-israeli-rehab-hospitals-unprepared-to-handle-number-of-wounded/}}</ref> ===Refugees=== 1,900,000 Palestinians displaced in Gaza<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 December 2023|title=UN human rights chief warns of 'apocalyptic' crisis in Gaza as fighting intensifies|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/un-human-rights-chief-warns-of-apocalyptic-crisis-in-gaza-as-fighting-intensifies|access-date=|website=[[PBS NewsHour]]|language=en-us}}</ref><br>500,000+ Israelis displaced<ref>{{Cite web|title=Around Half A Million Israelis Displaced Inside Israel: Military|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/around-half-a-million-israelis-displaced-inside-israel-military-139782b3|access-date=22 November 2023|website=Barrons|language=en-US}}</ref> ===Missing=== '''Israel''' (As per IDF): Around 100 are missing.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kubovich|first=Yaniv|date=19 October 2023|title=Israel Believes Some of Those Missing After Hamas' Attack Will Not Be Found|language=en|work=[[Haaretz]]|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-10-19/ty-article/.premium/israel-believes-some-of-those-missing-after-hamas-attack-will-not-be-found/0000018b-4942-d5d2-afef-cdff5b7f0000|access-date=}}</ref> '''Palestine''' (As per Palestinian Health Ministry): Around 8,000+ palestinians are missing.<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 February 2024|title=8,000 Missing, Presumed Dead - Gaza Genocide Death Toll Updated|url=https://www.palestinechronicle.com/8000-missing-presumed-dead-gaza-genocide-death-toll-updated/|access-date=24 February 2024|website=Palestine Chronicle|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Israeli invasion of Gaza (since October 27, 2023)== <!-- Is this supposed to be a quote? If so, it needs to be formatted with the proper template. --> *"The Israeli army began its ground invasion in Gaza on 27 October, moving tanks, [[bulldozer]]s and [[military engineering|combat engineers]] and other soldiers into the Gaza Strip.<ref>[https://edition.cnn.com/middleeast/live-news/israel-hamas-war-gaza-news-10-31-23/index.html Here's what we know about Israel's ongoing military ground operation in Gaza]. Retrieved 1 November 2023</ref> According to The [[Times of Israel]], Most of the Israeli soldiers are still waiting on the Israeli side of the Gaza border, and are so far not putting in more effort than doing "overnight raids"; Furthermore, a major [[invasion]] has not started yet.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Berman|first=Lazar|title=If ground invasion comes, combat in Gaza's cities will be a bloody grind|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/if-ground-invasion-comes-combat-in-gazas-cities-will-be-a-bloody-grind/|access-date=2 November 2023|website=The Times of Israel|language=en-US}}</ref> *Israeli soldiers are in the Gaza Strip (as of 28 October), and they seem to be [[concentration|concentrating]]<ref name=Slice>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67248454. [[BBC]].com. Retrieved 28 October 2023</ref> their efforts "on the northern area of the Gaza Strip, in [[Beit Hanoun]], and pushing down a bit further south from there", according to a report (from the Israeli city [[Sderot]]) by ''[[Jeremy Bowen|BBC International editor, Jerusalem]]''; Furthermore, the soldiers are part of a big [[raid]] or [[ground offensive]]. (Some other media, call it an ''invasion''.) Furthermore, Israeli forces are likely trying "to clear out tunnels, probably with [[special forces]] spotting targets for [...] [[Israeli Air Force|air force]] attacks".<ref name=Slice/> (Hundreds of kilometers of [[Tunnel|tunnels]], are under Gaza; Militants are known to use those tunnels) *By 29 October, the Israeli soldiers had gone into the Gaza Strip, for the third day in a row.<ref>https://www.aftenposten.no/verden/nyhetsanalyse/i/jle7vo/israels-soldater-er-inne-paa-gazastripen-de-forbereder-kanskje-noe-mye-stoerre. Retrieved 30 October 2023</ref> *On 30 October, A kidnapped Israeli soldier (''[[rank]]'', ''Private'') was [[freedom|freed]] in an operation by IDF, and with help from Shin Bet and [[Mossad]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/bj0119lpz6|title=Abducted soldier freed by IDF troops in Gaza|work=[[ynet]]|date=30 October 2023|accessdate=30 October 2023 |last1=Tzuri |first1=Matan }}</ref> *On 31 October, rockets (or [[missile]]s) were fired (from a [[fighter jet]]), at Jabalia refugee camp's al-Yafawiya neighbourhood; It is in northern Gaza; Ibrahim Biari (a Hamas commander) was killed, according to Israeli authorities, a claim which Hamas denied.<ref>[https://edition.cnn.com/middleeast/live-news/israel-hamas-war-gaza-news-10-31-23/index.html Israeli military claims it killed Hamas commander in strike on Jabalya camp in Gaza; Hamas denies claim]. Retrieved 31 October 2023</ref> Dozens<ref>[https://edition.cnn.com/middleeast/live-news/israel-hamas-war-gaza-news-10-31-23/index.html Israel Defense Forces defends deadly strike on refugee camp in northern Gaza]. Retrieved 1 November 2023</ref> of Hamas militants "were also killed [...] when underground tunnels below the camp collapsed" after the rocket hits, according to a media [[report]] about what [[Jonathan Conricus|an Israeli authority]] said. Furthermore, around 40-200 civilians were killed and around 150 others were injured.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Abdel-Baqui|first=Margherita Stancati and Omar|date=31 October 2023|title=Dozens Killed in Israeli Airstrikes in North Gaza|url=https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/israel-hits-hamas-tunnels-as-ground-offensive-intensifies-09572f24|access-date=31 October 2023|website=The Wall Street Journal|language=en-US}}</ref> The attack is part of the Jabalia refugee camp airstrikes. *On 1 November, IDF announced that 9 soldiers of its [[Givati Brigade]] were killed when a [[anti-tank guided missile]] hit the [[armoured vehicle]] they were in.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fabian|first=Emanuel|date=1 November 2023|title=IDF announces another 9 soldiers killed fighting in northern Gaza|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-announces-another-9-soldiers-killed-fighting-in-northern-gaza/|access-date=|website=The Times of Israel|language=en-US}}</ref> The total number of Israeli soldiers who were killed during the invasion of Gaza, raised to 15.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Beaumont|first=Peter|date=1 November 2023|title=Fifteen Israeli soldiers killed as fighting intensifies in Gaza|language=en-GB|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/01/fifteen-israeli-soldiers-killed-as-fighting-intensifies-in-gaza|access-date=2 November 2023|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> *On 3 November, Israeli forces struck a [[convoy]] of [[ambulance]] killing at least 15 people with 60 more injuries.<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 November 2023|title=Israeli air strike on ambulance kills 15, injures 60, Gaza officials say|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/3/several-killled-in-israeli-attack-on-ambulance-convoy-gaza-health-ministry|access-date=4 November 2023|publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]|language=en}}</ref> *On 6 November, Israeli missile attacks targeted the Nasser Hospital in Gaza City, hitting the Al-Nasser Children's Hospital, eight people were killed in the strike and dozens more were injured.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Israel targets Nasser Medical Complex in Gaza City|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2023/11/7/israel-continues-to-attack-hospitals-in-gaza-city-killing-at-least-eight|access-date=22 November 2023|publisher=Al Jazeera|language=en}}</ref> Later that day, Israeli forces released footage of its [[Advance|advancement]] in Gaza, several rocket launching sites were discovered.<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 November 2023|title=Israel Defence Forces Say Hamas Hides Rockets In Playgrounds, Swimming Pools|url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/israel-defence-forces-say-hamas-hides-rockets-in-playgrounds-swimming-pools-4549282|access-date=6 November 2023|publisher=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> [[Abu Obaida (Hamas)|Abu Obaida]], [[spokesperson]] of Al-Qassam Brigades, announced that 27 israeli [[tank|tanks]] have been destroyed by the group in last 2 days.<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 November 2023|title=27 enemy vehicles destroyed in 48 hours: Hamas|url=https://en.royanews.tv/news/46179/2023-11-06|access-date=|website=Roya News|language=en|archive-date=2023-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106183721/https://en.royanews.tv/news/46179/2023-11-06|url-status=dead}}</ref> *On 16 November, Due to shortage of [[Fuel]], [[internet]] and phone networks were shut down in the Gaza Strip, according to the two primary [[Telecommunication|telecom]] providers Jawwal and Paltel.<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 November 2023|title=Internet, phone networks collapse in Gaza, threatening to worsen humanitarian crisis|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/israel-signals-wider-operations-southern-gaza-search-hospital-104935465|access-date=|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref> *On 17 November, After the United States asked, Israel agreed to let 140,000 liters of fuel enter the Gaza Strip in every two days. As a result, the internet and phone services in the area were restored.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Rabinovitch|first1=Ari|last2=Lewis|first2=Simon|date=18 November 2023|title=Israel to allow some fuel into Gaza after US push -officials|language=en|agency=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-allow-two-fuel-trucks-day-into-gaza-official-says-2023-11-17/|access-date=22 November 2023}}</ref> *On 18 November, Israeli strikes killed more than 80 people in Jabalia refugee camp. At least 50 civilians who were [[Shelter|sheltered]] in a [[United Nations|UN]]-run school were killed in this attack.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Harrison|last2=Emma Graham|date=18 November 2023|title=Israeli airstrikes kill 80 in Palestinian refugee camp|language=en-GB|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/18/israeli-airstrikes-kill-80-in-palestinian-refugee-camp|access-date=22 November 2023|issn=0029-7712}}</ref> *On 22 November, Israel and Hamas reached a temporary ceasefire agreement, providing for a four-day ceasefire in exchange of release of prisoners. The deal was to end in 4 days (till 27 November) but it continued till 30 November after negotiations by Qatar. The deal let to 105 hostages getting released by Hamas while Israel released 240 palestinians.<ref name="Shao-2023">{{Cite news|last1=Shao|first1=Elena|last2=Zraick|first2=Karen|last3=Patil|first3=Anushka|last4=Gupta|first4=Gaya|date=1 December 2023|title=Freed Palestinians Were Mostly Young and Not Convicted of Crimes|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/01/world/middleeast/palestinian-prisoners-released-gaza.html|access-date=16 December 2023|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ==War crimes== A [[Permanent United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Israel Palestine conflict|UN Commission to the Israel-Palestine conflict]] said (10 October) that there is "clear evidence that [[War crime|war crimes]] may have been [done] in the latest [...] violence in Israel and Gaza"<!--wait for filing of criminal charges with justice system (or police): "and all those who have [ [[violated|... broken]]] [[international law]] and [[target]]ed civilians must be held [ [[responsibility|responsible]] or] accountable"-->.<ref name="UN11">{{Cite news |last1=Farge |first1=Emma |date=10 October 2023 |title=UN rights chief condemns Israeli 'siege' of Gaza, militants' taking of hostages |language=en |agency=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/israeli-air-strikes-hit-residences-schools-across-gaza-un-rights-chief-2023-10-10/ |access-date=12 October 2023}}</ref><ref name="ohchr">{{cite press release |title=Commission of Inquiry collecting evidence of war crimes committed by all sides in Israel and Occupied Palestinian Territories since 7 October 2023 |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/10/commission-inquiry-collecting-evidence-war-crimes-committed-all-sides-israel |work=[[UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights]] |date=10 October 2023 |access-date=12 October 2023}}</ref> [[B'Tselem]], a [[human rights]] organization from Israel, said that Hamas' killing of civilians and taking of hostages, are war crimes.<ref name="btselem">{{Cite web|last1=Magid|first1=Jacob|last2=Sharon|first2=Jeremy|title=B'Tselem accuses Israel of committing war crimes in its military response to Hamas|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/btselem-accuses-israel-of-committing-war-crimes-in-its-military-response-to-hamas/|access-date=12 October 2023|work=[[The Times of Israel]]|language=en-US}}</ref> It accused the Israeli government of (doing or) committing war crimes against the people of Gaza, including the bombing of civilians, the use of [[white phosphorous bomb]], the closing of border crossings, and the cutting of power and water supplies. ([[Water mains]], or large pipes that [[tap water]] usually can run through, were stopped from having that water go from Israel to Gaza. Regarding giving [[electrical power]] to the [[electrical grid]]: [[fuel]] to make electrical power at Gaza's [[power station]] has been stopped from going from Israel to Gaza.) [[Human Rights Watch]] (also) gave examples of acts that Hamas and Israel has done, which [[Human Rights Watch|HRW]] points out as [[war crime]]s.<ref name="HRW11">{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/10/09/israel/palestine-devastating-civilian-toll-parties-flout-legal-obligations |title=Israel/Palestine: Devastating Civilian Toll as Parties Flout Legal Obligations |publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]] |access-date=9 October 2023 |date=9 October 2023 |quote=Palestinian armed group’s apparent deliberate targeting of civilians, indiscriminate attacks, and taking of civilians as hostages amount to war crimes under [[laws of war|international humanitarian law]]. Israeli authorities’ cutting off electricity to Gaza and other punitive measures against Gaza’s civilian population would amount to unlawful collective punishment, which is a war crime. The laws of war apply to all parties to a conflict, irrespective of the lawfulness of their going to war or imbalances of power between the parties.}}</ref> On 29 December 2023, South Africa [[South Africa v. Israel (Genocide Convention)|accused Israel of risking a Genocide in Gaza]] and filed a [[lawsuit]] against Israel at the [[International Court of Justice]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lawal|first=Shola|date=12 January 2024|title=South Africa's main arguments of genocide against Israel|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/12/icj-genocide-case-south-africas-five-point-argument-against-israel|access-date=|publisher=Al Jazeera|language=en}}</ref> ===Famine=== On 27 March 2024, the government of [[Ireland]] announced that it will join the lawsuit of ''South Africa v. Israel'' and stated that "restricting food and other essentials in Gaza may constitute genocidal intent".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/mar/27/gaza-ireland-joins-battle-to-include-the-blocking-of-vital-aid-in-definition-of-genocide |title=Ireland backs bid to include blocking of aid in definition of genocide |date=27 March 2024 |access-date=27 March 2024 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> On 28 March, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) stated "that Palestinians in Gaza are no longer facing only a risk of famine ... but that famine is setting in," and ordered Israel to unblock food aid.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Famine is setting in': UN court orders Israel to unblock Gaza food aid |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/mar/28/famine-is-setting-in-icj-orders-israel-to-unblock-gaza-food-aid |date=29 March 2024 |access-date=29 March 2024 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> All 16 judges backed the order that Israel must ensure without delay unhindered supply on a large scale: :"The State of Israel shall ... Take all necessary and effective measures to ensure, without delay, in full co-operation with the United Nations, the unhindered provision at scale by all concerned of urgently needed basic services and humanitarian assistance, including food, water, electricity, fuel, shelter, clothing, hygiene and sanitation requirements, as well as medical supplies and medical care to Palestinians throughout Gaza, including by increasing the capacity and number of land crossing points and maintaining them open for as long as necessary;"<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/03/1148096 |title=Gaza: World court issues fresh measures for Israel as crisis deepens |date=28 March 2024 |access-date=29 March 2024 |publisher=United Nations}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/192/192-20240328-pre-01-00-en.pdf |title=Unofficial Press Release: Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide in the Gaza Strip (South Africa v. Israel) |date=28 March 2024 |access-date=29 March 2024 |website=icj-cij.org ([[International Court of Justice]])}}</ref> ===Attacks on aid deliveries and aid workers=== On 1 April 2024, seven aid workers of from the World Central Kitchen were killed in an Israeli airstrike in Gaza.<ref>{{cite web|date=3 April 2024|title=Britons killed in Gaza aid strike remembered as heroes|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-68722758|access-date=3 April 2024|website=BBC News}}</ref> As per the Humanitarian Coordinator for Palestine, Jamie McGoldrick, the attack on WCK was not an "isolated incident", the recorderd number of killed aid workers in the last six months in Gaza was nearly three times as high as in any other single conflict in a year. Due to this continuing threat the aid groups had to stop their work.<ref>{{cite web|date=2 April 2024|title=Charities halt Gaza aid after drone attack that killed seven workers|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/02/charities-halt-gaza-operations-after-israeli-drones-kill-aid-workers|access-date=3 April 2024|website=The Guardian}}</ref> ==Electrical power== [[Israel Electric Corporation]] (owned by the Israeli government) stopped giving [[electrical power]] to the [[electrical grid]] of the Gaza Strip. Israeli authorities also stopped the Gaza Strip from getting fuel. The Gaza Strip's only power station ran out of [[fuel]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dahman|first=Ibrahim|date=11 October 2023|title=Gaza's sole power plant shuts down due to shortage of fuel under Israeli blockade|url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/11/middleeast/gaza-power-plant-shuts-down-intl/index.html|access-date=|publisher=[[CNN]]|language=en}}</ref> ==International response== Some countries, mostly the [[western world]], have given [[criticism]] against the attacks in Israel. While countries, which includes [[Russia]], [[China]] and [[Venezuela]] and most of the [[Arab world]] and [[Islamic world]], have given criticism against the attacks on Gaza. The [[Foreign minister|foreign ministry]] of [[Jordan]] said that, "If the war continued, it may get a popular impression that it's a war between western and arab islamic world."<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 October 2023|title=Jordanian Foreign Minister says Gaza is being seen as a religious war|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/2023/10/23/gaza-islam-war-jordan/|access-date=30 October 2023|website=The National|language=en}}</ref> On 18 October 2023, a [[resolution]] about a "humanitarian pause" to deliver [[humanitarian aid|lifesaving aid]] to millions in Gaza, was not [[approval|approved]] by the [[United Nations Security Council]]; The proposed resolution came from [[Brazil]]'s authorities, and the United States [[veto|vetoed]] it.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/10/1142507|title=Israel-Gaza crisis: US vetoes Security Council resolution &#124; UN News|date=18 October 2023|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=14 April 2024}}</ref> [[File:OSN 2023.png|thumb|On 27 October, the [[United Nations General Assembly]] passed [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-10/21|Resolution ES-10/21 calling for]] an "immediate and sustained" humanitarian [[ceasefire]] and stopping of fighting.]] On 13 November 2023, [[United Nations]] observed a [[moment of silence]] with [[half-staff]] to [[Mourning|mourn]] and honour 101 staff of [[UNRWA]], that were killed in Gaza.<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 November 2023|title=UN honours 101 staff killed in Gaza conflict {{!}} UN News|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/11/1143512|access-date=15 November 2023|publisher=United Nations|language=en}}</ref> Nine people at [[UNRWA]] lost their jobs; The results from a [[fact finding]] showed [[indication]]s that those nine can have been [[involvement|involved]] in the October 7, 2023 attack on Israel; Media told about the lost jobs, on August 5, 2024.<ref>https://www.nrk.no/nyheter/fn-sparker-ni-unrwa-ansatte-etter-granskning-av-7.-oktober-angrepet-1.16991189. Retrieved 2024-08-05</ref> ===United States=== United States authorities have sent two [[aircraft carrier]]s with its [[combat]] airplanes and [[escort|escorting]] [[Warship|warships]], to the area to support Israel.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zeebiz.com/india/video-gallery-israel-gaza-conflict-us-sends-warships-and-aircraft-to-support-israel-258410|title=Israel-Gaza conflict: US sends warships and aircraft to support Israel|accessdate=9 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=8 October 2023|title=After Hamas Attack, U.S. to Send Weapons and Warships to Support Israel|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/08/us/politics/israel-aid-pentagon-us-hamas.html|website=The New York Times|accessdate=9 October 2023}}</ref><ref name=2NukeCarriers/> On 5 November, an [[:en:Ohio-class_submarine|ohio-class]] [[nuclear submarine]] started (its stay or) a [[deployment]] in the [[Middle East]], according to United States authorities.<ref name=2NukeCarriers>https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/usa-sender-atomubat-til-midtosten/s/5-95-1437486. Retrieved 7 November 2023</ref> US authorities think that there is a chance that the conflict could spread to other countries in the region.<ref name="Biden-2023">{{cite web|url=https://time.com/6321860/hamas-us-hostages-israel-biden-wider-war-iran/|title=Biden's Twin Crises: Possible U.S. Hostages, Risks of Wider War|date=8 October 2023|accessdate=9 October 2023}}</ref> U.S. authorities are against the taking of U.S. citizens as hostages by [[Hamas]].<ref name="Biden-2023"/> U.S. officials think that there is a chance that Iran-backed forces in [[Syria]] and [[Lebanon]] may open additional fronts against Israel.<ref name="Biden-2023"/> US President [[Joe Biden]] and Israeli Prime Minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] had a phone call (8 October) and Biden said he has "deep sympathy" for the killed, missing, and wounded in Israel and (promised or) [[pledge]]d his "full support" to Israel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Biden holds talks with Netanyahu, affirms full support to Israel|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/u-s-ready-to-offer-israel-support-after-attacks-joe-biden/articleshow/104244920.cms?from=mdr|access-date=|website=The Economic Times}}</ref><!--The US have stated that they stand with Israel.--> The USA has also sent [[munitions]] to Israel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pentagon says US sending munitions, equipment to Israel, redirecting aircraft carrier|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/pentagon-says-us-sending-munitions-equipment-to-israel-redirecting-aircraft-carrier/|access-date=|website=The Times of Israel|language=en-US}}</ref> On 25 March 2024, the U.S. government finally let a [[United Nations Security Council]] resolution pass that [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 2728|called for an immediate ceasefire between Israel and Hamas]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=UN Security Council demands immediate Gaza ceasefire after US abstains |agency=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/un-security-council-demands-immediate-ceasefire-gaza-2024-03-25/ |date=26 March 2024 |access-date=28 March 2024}}</ref> On 29 March, the [[Washington Post]] reported that the U.S. government approved the transfer of "billions of dollars worth of bombs and fighter jets", including "more than 1,800 {{ill|MK84 2,000-pound bombs|en|Mark 84 bomb}} and 500 MK82 500-pound bombs".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/us-has-signed-off-more-bombs-warplanes-israel-washington-post-reports-2024-03-29/ |title=US has agreed to send more bombs and warplanes to Israel, sources say |date=29 March 2024 |access-date=30 March 2024 |website=Reuters.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2024/03/29/us-weapons-israel-gaza-war/ |title=U.S. signs off on more bombs, warplanes for Israel |date=29 March 2024 |access-date=30 March 2024 |website=The Washington Post}}</ref> After the airstrike on the aid workers from World Central Kitchen, Biden called the prime minister of Israel [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] on 4 April 2024, and "made clear the need for Israel to announce and implement a series of specific, concrete, and measurable steps to address civilian harm, humanitarian suffering, and the safety of aid workers."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-68735879 |title=Biden says Israel must prevent civilian harm in Gaza to keep US support |work=BBC News |date=4 April 2024 |access-date=7 April 2024 }}</ref> On 5 April 2024, 40 members of Congress from the Democratic party (including [[Nancy Pelosi]]) urged Joe Biden in an open letter to stop the arms shipments: :"we strongly urge you to reconsider your recent decision to authorize the transfer of a new arms package to Israel, and to withhold this and any future offensive arms transfers until a full investigation into the airstrike is completed."<ref>[https://pocan.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/pocan.house.gov/files/evo-media-document FINAL Letter to Biden Admin re WCK Airstrike and Arms Transfers]{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (5 April 2024, pocan.house.gov)</ref> ===<!--Go to talk page, if you do not understand the rationale for this sub-title-->Response or Reactions=== ====Response to the Israeli attacks against Gaza==== [[File:Toronto_rally_for_Palestine_-_20231028-195425775.jpg|alt=Toronto_rally_for_Palestine_-_20231028-195425775|thumb|292x292px|Pro-Palestine rally in [[Toronto]], [[Canada]]]] The leaders of some countries have tried to find words to give criticism to parts of Israel's attack (or [[retaliation]]) against Gaza. The [[Foreign minister|Foreign ministry]] of [[United Arab Emirates]] (UAE) called for an immediate [[ceasefire]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2023|title=Israel-Palestine conflict: UAE calls for immediate ceasefire to prevent dangerous consequences|url=https://gulfnews.com/uae/government/israel-palestine-conflict-uae-calls-for-immediate-ceasefire-to-prevent-dangerous-consequences-1.1696682065094|access-date=|website=Gulf News|language=en}}</ref> [[Jonas Gahr Støre|Norway's prime minister]] said that Israel has a right to defend itself; He added that "we must give [[emphasis]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kurseth|first=Hedda|date=2023-10-09|title=Støre om Hamas: – Vi må seie kraftig ifrå|url=https://www.nrk.no/urix/store-om-hamas_-_-vi-ma-seie-kraftig-ifra-1.16588110|access-date=2023-11-06|publisher=NRK|language=nn-NO}}</ref> [or say that it is important] that the Israelis show [[consideration]] towards civilians" [in Gaza]. [[Malaysian Prime Minister]], [[Anwar Ibrahim]] called for a [[ceasefire]] and for [[Palestinian people|Palestinians]] to be "treated as human beings".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Azmi|first1=Hadi|title='Height of barbarism': Malaysia's Anwar slams Israel over Gaza strikes as thousands flock to pro-Palestinian rally|url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3239053/height-barbarism-malaysias-anwar-slams-israel-over-gaza-strikes-thousands-flock-pro-palestine-rally|work=South China Morning Post|date=24 October 2023 |access-date=6 November 2023}}</ref> On 20 December 2023, Malaysian PM announced a block on Israeli-linked ships with immediate effect. Ships that are on their way to israel will also be not allowed to stop at any Malaysian [[Port|ports]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 December 2023|title=Malaysia 'can handle' Israel cargo ban losses, as Anwar stays firm on Gaza|url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3246028/malaysia-says-can-handle-losses-israeli-cargo-ban-4000-containers-wait-port-klang|access-date=|website=South China Morning Post|language=en}}</ref> [[President of Algeria|Algerian President]], [[Abdelmadjid Tebboune]] called on the [[International Criminal Court]] (ICC) to take action to hold Israel responsible for crimes that it is committing against Palestinians.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Guiat|first=Antoine|date=7 November 2023|title=Algerian President demands the ICC to hold Israel to account|url=https://maghrebi.org/2023/11/07/algerian-president-demands-the-icc-holds-israel-to-account/|access-date=20 November 2023|website=Maghrebi.org|language=en-GB}}</ref> During the start this war, The French embassy in Israel condemned the attacks and described Hamas' actions as "inadmissible terrorist attacks". While on 10 November, [[President of the French Republic|French President]], [[Emmanuel Macron]] called for a ceasefire and urged Israel to stop bombing Gaza and killing civilians.<ref>{{Cite news|date=10 November 2023|title=Macron says 'no justification' for bombing civilians as he calls for Gaza ceasefire|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/10/macron-says-no-justification-for-bombing-civilians-as-he-calls-for-gaza-ceasefire|access-date=22 November 2023|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> On 16 April 2024, [[UNICEF]] Communication specialist Tess Ingram stated that "In every 10 minutes, a child is getting killed or injured in Gaza Strip and the only way to stop it is by ceasefire."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Children disproportionately wearing the scars of the war in Gaza - Geneva Palais briefing note|url=https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/children-disproportionately-wearing-scars-war-gaza-geneva-palais-briefing-note|access-date=16 April 2024|website=UNICEF|language=en}}</ref> ==Response (non-military) in Israel== [[File:Policeperson Square with flags and support signs, Raanana, October 2023 (28).jpg|thumb|250px|The sign is saying, "Together we Win". It shows support of Israel. [[Raanana]], October 2023]] [[Haaretz]], a newspaper, printed an [[editorial]] which said that the attack was the "clear responsibility of one person: Benjamin Netanyahu". The newspaper said that the prime minister [did not see and tell about the dangers that he was leading Israel into, or he] has "completely failed to identify the dangers <!--and that--> he was [[consciousness|consciously]] leading Israel into when establishing a government of [[annexation]] and dispossession" (or taking away someone's [[possession]]s).<ref>{{cite news |title=Editorial: Netanyahu Bears Responsibility for This Israel-Gaza War |url=https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/editorial/2023-10-08/ty-article-opinion/netanyahu-bears-responsibility/0000018b-0b9d-d8fc-adff-6bfd1c880000 |access-date=10 October 2023 |work=Haaretz |date=8 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010145757/https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/editorial/2023-10-08/ty-article-opinion/netanyahu-bears-responsibility/0000018b-0b9d-d8fc-adff-6bfd1c880000 |archive-date=10 October 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Related pages == * [[List of military operations during 2024]] * [[List of ongoing armed conflicts]] * [[Re'im music festival massacre]] * [[October 2023 Tulkarm raid]] * [[Blockade of the Gaza Strip (2023)]] * [[Gaza humanitarian crisis (2023–present)]] * [[South Africa v. Israel (Genocide Convention)|''South Africa's genocide case against Israel'']] * [[Flour massacre]] * [[First Intifada]] * [[Second Intifada]] ==Notes== {{notelist}} {{notelist|30em}} ==References== {{reflist|refs= <ref name="bbc1">{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67036625 |title=Strikes on Gaza after Palestinian militants enter Israel|date=7 October 2023 |work=[[BBC News]] |first=David|last=Gritten|access-date=7 October 2023 |archive-date=7 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007045410/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67036625 |url-status=live}}</ref> }} {{Targeted killing by Israel}} {{Arab–Israeli armed engagements|state=collapsed}} {{Israeli wars}} {{Israel–Gaza conflict}} {{Israel–Hamas war}} {{Military of Asia}} {{Military of the Arab world}} {{Palestine topics}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Israel-Hamas war, October 2023}} [[Category:Conflicts in 2023]] [[Category:Massacres of Palestinians]] [[Category:Israel–Hamas war| ]] [[Category:Gaza–Israel conflict|2024]] qdvtb5r099fj3mepcbf06p3x9qbq1ff 0 1053234 10368689 9282425 2025-07-03T02:05:30Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Career */ typo: duplication 10368689 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Josef Kaltenbrunner |image= |caption = | fullname = | height = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1888|1|22|df=y}} | birth_place = | death_date = August 1951 | death_place = | position = [[Goalkeeper]] | currentclub = | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = | years1 = 1907-1909 | years2 = 1909-1911 | years3 = 1911-1914 | clubs1 = [[ SK Rapid Wien]] | clubs2 = [[First Vienna FC]] | clubs3 = SK Rapid Wien |caps1 =44 |goals1= 0 | nationalyears1 = 1907-1913 | nationalteam1 = [[Austria national football team|Austria ]] | nationalcaps1 = 11 | nationalgoals1 = 0 }} '''Josef Kaltenbrunner''' (22 January 1888 – August 1951) was an Austrian national football player. The goalkeeper played for [[SK Rapid Wien|SK Rapid Vienna]] and the [[Austria national football team|Austrian national football team]] from 1907 to 1913. He also took part in the [[1912 Summer Olympics|1912 Olympic Games]]. ==Career== Josef Kaltenbrunner began his career at Rapid. He played for the Austrian national team just a few months later. The background was that the major Viennese clubs had fallen out with the association, so they did not send any players to the international match against Hungary on 5 May 1907. The ÖFV therefore handed over the organization of the international match to the then small club Rapid, which now provided seven players of its own. This team was able to win 3-1.<ref>[https://www.oefb.at/NT-Profile/Spieler/993036?Josef-Kaltenbrunner ÖFB Players profile]</ref> Because the club got into debt and lost its place Kaltenbrunner moved to [[First Vienna FC|Vienna]] in 1909. 1911 he returned to Rapid and won the Austrian champions twice in [[1911-12 Austrian football championship|1912]] and 1913. Josef Kaltenbrunner was also in the national team squad at the 1912 Olympic Games in [[Stockholm]] as the second man behind Otto Noll. After being eliminated in the quarter-finals, he was used in the games against Italy (5:1), [[Norway national football team|Norway]] (1:0) and [[Hungary national football team|Hungary]] (0:3). He played his last international match on 15 June 1913 against [[Italy national football team|Italy]].<ref>[https://www.oefb.at/NT-Profile/Spieler/993036?Josef-Kaltenbrunner ÖFB Players profile]</ref> His career ended when he was called up as a soldier right at the beginning of the [[First world war|First World War]]. ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kaltenbrunner, Josef}} [[Category:Austrian footballers]] [[Category:Players of the Austrian national football team]] [[Category:1888 births]] [[Category:1951 deaths]] [[Category:Austrian football goalkeepers]] [[Category:Austrian football champions]] {{sports-bio-stub}} qfpvfj550pwqya9bnkmk3i3g9j75mxz 0 1053385 10368350 9747849 2025-07-02T22:15:26Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Surprise covers */ corrected the publishing website title as per the source 10368350 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox concert|concert_tour_name=Speak Now World Tour|image=File:Taylor Swift (6820799756).jpg|artist=[[Taylor Swift]]|location={{flatlist| * Asia * Europe * North America * Oceania}}|album=''[[Speak Now]]''|start_date={{Start date|2011|02|09}}|end_date={{End date|2012|03|18}}|number_of_shows=110|support_acts={{flatlist| * [[Needtobreathe]] * [[Hot Chelle Rae]] * [[Sezairi Sezali]] * [[Sam Concepcion]] * [[Tom Dice]] * [[Emma Marrone]] * [[Ryan Sheridan (musician)|Ryan Sheridan]] * Saito Johnny * Martin & James * The Bright}}|attendance=1,642,435|gross=$123.7 million (${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|123.7|r=2|2012}}}} million in {{Inflation-year|US}} dollars){{inflation-fn|US}}|last_tour=[[Fearless Tour]]<br>(2009–2010)|this_tour='''Speak Now World Tour'''<br>(2011–2012)|next_tour=[[The Red Tour]]<br>(2013–2014)|caption=Taylor Swift singing at the concert in [[Sydney]]}}The '''Speak Now World Tour''' was the second [[concert tour]] by [[Americans|American]] [[singer]] [[Taylor Swift]]. It was for her 2010 album ''[[Speak Now]]''. It started on February 9, 2011 in [[Singapore]]. It ended on March 18, 2012 in [[Auckland]], [[New Zealand]]. == Album == {{Infobox album | name = Speak Now World Tour &ndash; Live | type = live | artist = [[Taylor Swift]] | border = yes | alt = Cover artwork of Speak Now World Tour Live featuring Taylor Swift playing a guitar | released = {{start date|2011|11|21}} | recorded = | venue = | genre = * [[Country pop]] * [[pop rock]] | length = {{plainlist| * 79:03 (audio) * {{Duration|139:29}} (video) }} | label = [[Big Machine Records|Big Machine]] | director = Ryan Polito | producer = Taylor Swift | prev_title = [[Speak Now]] | prev_year = 2010 | next_title = [[Red (Taylor Swift album)|Red]] | next_year = 2012 }} During the North American concerts, Taylor Swift made an album called '''''Speak Now World Tour – Live'''''. It was released on November 21, 2011, by [[Big Machine Records]]. It was her first [[live album]]. It has a [[Compact disc|CD]] music part and a [[DVD-Video|DVD]] movie part.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lipshutz|first=Jason|date=2011-09-21|title=Taylor Swift Announces ‘Speak Now’ Live CD/DVD|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/taylor-swift-announces-speak-now-live-cddvd-467354/|access-date=2023-10-09|website=Billboard|language=en-US}}</ref> {{Track listing|total_length=1:19:03|title1=[[Sparks Fly (song)|Sparks Fly]]|length1=5:39|title2=[[Mine (Taylor Swift song)|Mine]]|length2=4:19|title3=[[The Story of Us (song)|The Story of Us]]|length3=4:49|title4=[[Mean (song)|Mean]]|length4=4:09|title5=[[Ours (song)|Ours]]|length5=4:05|title6=[[Back to December]] / [[Apologize (OneRepublic song)|Apologize]] / [[You're Not Sorry]]|length6=6:01|title7=[[Better than Revenge]]|length7=5:44|title8=[[Speak Now (song)|Speak Now]]|length8=4:09|title9=Last Kiss|length9=6:12|title10=[[Drops of Jupiter (Tell Me)|Drops of Jupiter]]|length10=5:08|title11=[[Bette Davis Eyes]]|length11=3:07|title12=[[I Want You Back]]|length12=1:21|title13=[[Dear John (Taylor Swift song)|Dear John]]|length13=6:45|title14=[[Enchanted (Taylor Swift song)|Enchanted]]|length14=6:25|title15=Haunted|length15=4:49|title16=[[Long Live (Taylor Swift song)|Long Live]]|length16=6:21|headline=Track list}} == Set list == These are the songs that Taylor Swift performed at Omaha night 1.<ref>{{cite web|author=Coffey, Kevin|date=May 28, 2011|title=Taylor Swift shimmers in Omaha|url=http://www.omaha.com/article/20110528/NEWS01/305289989/912797|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120630192444/http://www.omaha.com/article/20110528/NEWS01/305289989/912797|archive-date=June 30, 2012|access-date=May 27, 2011|work=[[Omaha World-Herald]]}}</ref> Most of the tour was similar, but sometimes she changes the setlist. All changes are listed below, and so are the surprise songs. # "[[Sparks Fly (song)|Sparks Fly]]" # "[[Mine (Taylor Swift song)|Mine]]" # "[[The Story of Us (song)|The Story of Us]]" # "[[Our Song (Taylor Swift song)|Our Song]]" # "[[Mean (song)|Mean]]" # "[[Back to December]]" / "[[Apologize (song)|Apologize]]" / "[[You're Not Sorry]]" # "[[Better than Revenge]]" # "[[Speak Now (song)|Speak Now]]" # "[[Fearless (Taylor Swift song)|Fearless]]" / "[[Hey, Soul Sister]]" / "[[I'm Yours (Jason Mraz song)|I'm Yours]]" # "Last Kiss" # "[[You Belong with Me]]" # "[[Dear John (Taylor Swift song)|Dear John]]" # "[[Enchanted (Taylor Swift song)|Enchanted]]" # "Haunted" # "[[Long Live (Taylor Swift song)|Long Live]]" ; Encore {{ordered list|"[[Fifteen (song)|Fifteen]]"|"[[Love Story (Taylor Swift song)|Love Story]]"|start=16}} === Notes === * In Asia and Europe, Taylor Swift did not sing "Mean", "Our Song", and "Haunted" because the stage was too small. She also sang "Fifteen" instead of "Last Kiss". * In Kansas City, Swift also performed "Superman".<ref>{{cite web|date=September 25, 2011|title=Taylor Swift Performs Rare 'Speak Now' Track 'Superman' in Concert|url=https://tasteofcountry.com/taylor-swift-superman-performed-live/|access-date=March 1, 2023|website=Taste of Country}}</ref> * On September 27, 2011, "[[Ours (Taylor Swift song)|Ours]]" was added to the set list.<ref>{{cite web|date=September 28, 2011|title=Taylor Swift Performs 'Ours' for the First Time, Covers 'How to Save a Life'|url=https://tasteofcountry.com/taylor-swift-ours-how-to-save-a-life-video/|access-date=May 2, 2023|website=[[Townsquare Media|Taste of Country]]}}</ref> * In Lexington,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Tunis|first1=Walter|date=October 31, 2011|title=Pop princess rules Rupp and willing subjects|work=[[Lexington Herald-Leader]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/lexington-herald-leader/126413672/|access-date=June 14, 2023}}</ref> Houston,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Vonder Haar|first1=Pete|date=November 7, 2011|title=Saturday Night: Taylor Swift At Minute Maid Park|url=https://www.houstonpress.com/music/saturday-night-taylor-swift-at-minute-maid-park-6501262|access-date=March 8, 2023|website=[[Houston Press]]}}</ref> and Raleigh,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bernhardt|first1=Jack|date=November 19, 2011|title='Sparks Fly' at Swift's RBC show|work=[[The News & Observer]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer/126413192/|access-date=June 14, 2023}}</ref> Taylor Swift also sang "Never Grow Up". * In Oceania, Taylor Swift also sang "[[Safe & Sound (Taylor Swift song)|Safe & Sound]]" in the encore, except during Auckland night 2, where she sang "[[Eyes Open (song)|Eyes Open]]" instead.<ref>{{cite web|date=March 19, 2012|title=Video: Taylor Swift Sings 'Eyes Open' from 'Hunger Games'|url=https://www.mtv.com/news/66d3j4/taylor-swift-eyes-open-hunger-games|access-date=May 2, 2023|website=[[MTV News]]|archive-date=May 2, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502015301/https://www.mtv.com/news/66d3j4/taylor-swift-eyes-open-hunger-games|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Surprise covers === Sometimes, after "Last Kiss", Taylor Swift sang a surprise cover of an artist from near the city.{{div col}} *July 15, 2011 – Toronto: "[[You Learn]]" by [[Alanis Morissette]], "[[Baby (Justin Bieber song)|Baby]]" by [[Justin Bieber]] and "[[She's So High]]" by [[Tal Bachman]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Taylor Swift Covers Justin Bieber In Concert (Alanis Morissette and Tal Bachman, Too) |url=http://dose.ca/2011/07/18/taylor-swift-covers-justin-bieber-concert-alanis-morissette-and-tal-bachman-too/ |work=[[Dose (magazine) |Dose]] |access-date=February 23, 2023 |date=July 18, 2011 |archive-date=February 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223051626/http://dose.ca/2011/07/18/taylor-swift-covers-justin-bieber-concert-alanis-morissette-and-tal-bachman-too/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *July 16, 2011 – Toronto: "[[Complicated (Avril Lavigne song)|Complicated]]" by [[Avril Lavigne]], "Baby" by Justin Bieber, and "[[I'm Like a Bird]]" by [[Nelly Furtado]]<ref>{{YouTube|id=dBIgvNgaIug|title=Taylor Swift - Canadian Medley at the ACC in Toronto (July 16th, 2011)}}</ref> *July 19–20 and 24, 2011 – Newark: "[[Livin' on a Prayer]]" by [[Bon Jovi]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Johnson |first1=Maura |title=Live: Taylor Swift Sparkles And Survives At The Prudential Center |url=https://www.villagevoice.com/2011/07/20/live-taylor-swift-sparkles-and-survives-at-the-prudential-center/ |work=[[The Village Voice]] |access-date=May 2, 2023 |date=July 20, 2011}}</ref> *July 20 and 24, 2011 – Newark: "[[Dancing in the Dark (Bruce Springsteen song)|Dancing in the Dark]]" by [[Bruce Springsteen]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Flashback: Taylor Swift Mashes Up Bruce and Bon Jovi at 2011 Jersey Gig |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/taylor-swift-dancing-in-the-dark-livin-on-a-prayer-cover-2011-1253373/ |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |access-date=February 23, 2023 |date=November 5, 2021}}</ref> *July 23, 2011 – Newark: "[[Cowboy Take Me Away]]" by [[Dixie Chicks]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Taylor Swift Sums Up How The Chicks Changed Music With One Line |url=https://www.refinery29.com/en-ca/2020/07/9929375/taylor-swift-the-chicks-goodbye-earl-changed-music |website=[[Refinery29]] |access-date=February 23, 2023 |date=July 23, 2020}}</ref> *July 28, 2011 – Grand Rapids: "[[Lose Yourself]]" by [[Eminem]] and "[[Smile (Uncle Kracker song)|Smile]]" by [[Uncle Kracker]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Watch Taylor Swift cover Eminem's hit 'Lose Yourself' |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/1003783-watch-taylor-swift-cover-eminem-s-hit-lose-yourself |website=[[The News International]] |access-date=February 23, 2023 |date=October 26, 2022}}</ref> *July 29, 2011 – Indianapolis: "[[Jack & Diane]]" by [[John Cougar Mellencamp]] and "[[I Want You Back]]" by [[Jackson 5]]<ref> name="covers"</ref> *July 30, 2011 – Cleveland: "[[I Try]]" by [[Macy Gray]] and "[[My Wish]]" by [[Rascal Flatts]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Karabatkovic |first1=Ivor |title=Taylor Swift Wows A Sold Out Quicken Loans Arena Crowd |url=https://lakewoodobserver.com/read/2011/08/09/taylor-swift-wows-a-sold-out-quicken-loans-arena-crowd |website=Lakewood Observer |access-date=February 23, 2023 |date=August 9, 2011}}</ref> *August 2, 2011 – Washington, D.C.: "[[I Heard It Through the Grapevine#Marvin_Gaye|I Heard It Through The Grapevine]]" by [[Marvin Gaye]] and "[[Ghetto Supastar (That Is What You Are)]]" by [[Mya (singer)|Mya]]<ref>{{YouTube|id=3kD2sNXm4NI|title=Taylor Swift singing "I Heard it Through the Grapevine" and "Ghetto Superstar" in Washington D.C.}}</ref> *August 3, 2011 – Washington, D.C.: "[[Stay (I Missed You)]]" by [[Lisa Loeb]] and "[[A Sorta Fairytale]]" by [[Tori Amos]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Review: Taylor Swift at the Verizon Center August 4 |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/food-drink/bal-review-taylor-swift-at-the-verizon-center-august-4-20110804-story.html |website=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |access-date=February 23, 2023 |date=August 4, 2011}}</ref> *August 6, 2011 – Philadelphia: "[[Who Knew]]" by [[Pink (singer)|Pink]] and "[[Unpretty]]" by [[TLC (group)|TLC]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Taylor Swift Covers Pink's 'Who Knew' and TLC's 'Unpretty' Live |url=https://popcrush.com/taylor-swift-pink-who-knew-tlc-unpretty-live/ |website=[[Townsquare Media|PopCrush]] |access-date=February 23, 2023 |date=August 8, 2011}}</ref> *August 9, 2011 – Rosemont: "[[Sugar, We're Goin Down]]" by [[Fall Out Boy]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Taylor Swift Covers Fall Out Boy Song in Chicago |url=https://tasteofcountry.com/taylor-swift-fall-out-boy-sugar-were-goin-down-video/ |website=Taste of Country |access-date=February 23, 2023 |date=August 10, 2011}}</ref> *August 10, 2011 – Rosemont: "[[I Want You to Want Me]]" by [[Cheap Trick]]<ref> name="covers"</ref> *August 13–14, 2011 – St. Louis: "[[Just a Dream (Nelly song)|Just a Dream]]" by [[Nelly]]<ref>{{cite web |title=WATCH: Taylor Swift Covers Nelly's 'Just A Dream' |url=https://www.mtv.com/news/3t0px2/taylor-swift-covers-nelly-just-a-dream-video |website=MTV News |access-date=February 23, 2023 |date=August 18, 2011 |archive-date=February 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223053121/https://www.mtv.com/news/3t0px2/taylor-swift-covers-nelly-just-a-dream-video |url-status=dead }}</ref> *August 18–19, 2011 – Edmonton: "[[Complicated (Carolyn Dawn Johnson song)|Complicated]]" by [[Carolyn Dawn Johnson]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sperounes |first1=Sandra |title=Sweet, smart and talented |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/edmonton-journal/126410224/ |access-date=June 14, 2023 |work=[[Edmonton Journal]] |date=August 19, 2011}}</ref> *August 23–24, 2011 – Los Angeles: "[[God Only Knows]]" by [[the Beach Boys]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cary |first1=Stephanie |title=Concert review: Taylor Swift bares soul, whips hair, duets with Justin Bieber at Staples Center |url=https://www.dailynews.com/2011/08/24/concert-review-taylor-swift-bares-soul-whips-hair-duets-with-justin-bieber-at-staples-center/ |website=[[Los Angeles Daily News]] |access-date=February 23, 2023 |date=August 24, 2011}}</ref> *August 23–24 and 28, 2011 – Los Angeles: "[[The Sweet Escape (song)|The Sweet Escape]]" by [[Gwen Stefani]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Newman |first1=Melinda |title=Concert Review: Taylor Swift and Justin Bieber rock Staples Center |url=https://uproxx.com/hitfix/concert-review-taylor-swift-and-justin-bieber-rock-staples-center/ |website=[[Uproxx]] |access-date=May 2, 2023 |date=August 24, 2011}}</ref> *August 27, 2011 – Los Angeles: "[[Bette Davis Eyes]]" by [[Kim Carnes]] and "[[This Love (Maroon 5 song)|This Love]]" by [[Maroon 5]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lerman |first1=Ali |title=TAYLOR SWIFT AT THE STAPLES CENTER SATURDAY NIGHT |url=https://www.ocweekly.com/taylor-swift-at-the-staples-center-saturday-night-6577586/ |work=[[OC Weekly]] |access-date=May 2, 2023 |date=August 29, 2011}}</ref> *August 28, 2011 – Los Angeles: "[[Realize (Colbie Caillat song)|Realize]]" by [[Colbie Caillat]]<ref>{{cite web |title=TAYLOR SWIFT COVERS COLBIE CAILLAT |url=https://mix931fm.com/taylor-swift-covers-colbie-caillat-video/ |website=[[KTYL-FM|Mix 93.1]] |access-date=May 2, 2023 |date=August 31, 2011}}</ref> *September 1, 2011 – San Jose: "[[Drops of Jupiter (Tell Me)|Drops of Jupiter]]" by [[Train (band)|Train]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harrington |first1=Jim |title=Review: Taylor Swift brings fairy tale to San Jose |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2011/09/01/review-taylor-swift-brings-fairy-tale-to-san-jose/ |website=[[The Mercury News]] |access-date=March 1, 2023 |date=September 1, 2011}}</ref> *September 2, 2011 – San Jose: "[[Good Riddance (Time of Your Life)]]" by [[Green Day]]<ref> name="covers"</ref> *September 3, 2011 – Sacramento: "Untouchable" by [[Luna Halo]]<ref>{{YouTube|id=Ctr3awqtpV4|title=Taylor Swift - "Untouchable" Speak Now Tour 2011 - Sacramento CA }}</ref> *September 6, 2011 – Portland: "[[Closer to Love]]" by [[Mat Kearney]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Coppola |first1=Michele |title=Concert review: Taylor Swift performed a visually stunning two-hour show |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/music/2011/09/concert_review_taylor_swift_pe.html |newspaper=[[The Oregonian]] |access-date=May 2, 2023 |date=September 7, 2011}}</ref> *September 7, 2011 – Tacoma: "[[You and Me (Dave Matthews Band song)|You and Me]]" by [[Dave Matthews Band]]<ref>{{YouTube|id=NMXnWOVtJ5c|title=Taylor Swift covering Dave Matthews Band Tacoma Dome 9/7/11 "You and Me"}}</ref> *September 10, 2011 – Vancouver: "[[Summer of '69]]" by [[Bryan Adams]]<ref>{{cite web |title=WATCH: Taylor Swift Covers Bryan Adams' 'Summer Of '69' |url=https://www.mtv.com/news/ho6p1a/taylor-swift-bryan-adams-summer-of-69 |website=MTV News |access-date=February 23, 2023 |date=September 13, 2011 |archive-date=February 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223051625/https://www.mtv.com/news/ho6p1a/taylor-swift-bryan-adams-summer-of-69 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *September 11, 2011 – Vancouver: "[[Where Were You (When the World Stopped Turning)]]" by [[Alan Jackson]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Taylor Swift Covers Alan Jackson's Where Were You (When The World Stopped Turning) AT 9/11 Show |url=https://tasteofcountry.com/taylor-swift-where-were-you-when-the-world-stopped-turning-9-11video/ |website=Taste of Country |access-date=February 23, 2023 |date=September 12, 2011}}</ref> *September 16–17, 2011 – Nashville: "Nashville" by [[David Mead (musician)|David Mead]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mead |first1=David |title=Cover Girl: Taylor Swift And The Unbearable Likeness Of Singing |url=https://americansongwriter.com/cover-girl-taylor-swift-and-the-unbearable-likeness-of-singing/ |website=[[American Songwriter]] |date=November 2011 |access-date=February 23, 2023}}</ref> *September 20, 2011 – Bossier City: "[[Lucky (Britney Spears song)|Lucky]]" by [[Britney Spears]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Taylor Swift Covers Britney Spears' 'Lucky' |url=https://www.mtv.com/news/jpzr09/taylor-swift-britney-spears-lucky-cover |website=MTV News |access-date=February 23, 2023 |date=September 22, 2011 |archive-date=February 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223053129/https://www.mtv.com/news/jpzr09/taylor-swift-britney-spears-lucky-cover |url-status=dead }}</ref> *September 21, 2011 – Tulsa: "[[Swing, Swing]]" by [[the All-American Rejects]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Taylor Swift Covers 'Swing Swing' by the All-American Rejects |url=https://popcrush.com/taylor-swift-covers-swing-swing-all-american-rejects/ |website=PopCrush |access-date=February 23, 2023 |date=September 22, 2011}}</ref> *September 27, 2011 – Denver: "[[How to Save a Life]]" by [[the Fray]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Taylor Swift Learns 'How to Save a Life' at Denver Concert |url=https://theboot.com/taylor-swift-how-to-save-a-life-the-fray/ |website=[[Townsquare Media|The Boot]] |access-date=February 23, 2023 |date=September 28, 2011}}</ref> *September 28, 2011 – Salt Lake City: "[[Animal (Neon Trees song)|Animal]]" by [[Neon Trees]]<ref> name="covers"</ref> *October 1–2, 2011 – Atlanta: "[[Baby Girl (Sugarland song)|Baby Girl]]" by [[Sugarland]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Taylor Swift Performs Sugarland's 'Baby Girl' + Sings With Usher On Stage |url=https://tasteofcountry.com/taylor-swift-sugarland-baby-girl-usher-yeah/ |website=Taste of Country |access-date=February 23, 2023 |date=October 2, 2011}}</ref> *October 4, 2011 – North Little Rock: "[[Ain't Nothing 'Bout You]]" by [[Brooks & Dunn]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Taylor Swift Covers Brooks & Dunn Classic |url=https://theboot.com/taylor-swift-brooks-and-dunn-aint-nothin-bout-you-video/ |website=The Boot |access-date=February 23, 2023 |date=October 10, 2011}}</ref> *October 5, 2011 – New Orleans: "Breathless" by [[Better Than Ezra]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Spera |first1=Keith |title=Taylor Swift was true to herself at the New Orleans Arena |url=https://www.nola.com/entertainment_life/music/taylor-swift-was-true-to-herself-at-the-new-orleans-arena/article_3042b2b7-f2bc-5d60-acc5-745160e88d5b.html |newspaper=[[The Times-Picayune/The New Orleans Advocate]] |access-date=May 6, 2023 |date=October 6, 2011}}</ref> *October 8, 2011 – Arlington: "[[The Boys of Summer (song)|The Boys of Summer]]" by [[Don Henley]]<ref>{{YouTube|id=QzHNpfXhowU|title="Boys of Summer," Taylor Swift at Cowboys Stadium}}</ref> *October 11, 2011 – Louisville: "The Back of Your Hand" by [[Dwight Yoakam]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lee |first1=Josephine |title=Taylor Swift shines in 'Speak Now' tour |url=https://www.louisvillecardinal.com/2011/10/taylor-swift-shines-%E2%80%98speak-now%E2%80%99-tour/ |website=[[The Louisville Cardinal]] |access-date=March 1, 2023 |date=October 18, 2011}}</ref> *October 14, 2011 – Lubbock: "[[Wide Open Spaces (song)|Wide Open Spaces]]" by Dixie Chicks<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kerns |first1=William |title=Swift delivers one-of-a-kind, entertaining concert |url=https://www.lubbockonline.com/story/news/local/2011/10/15/swift-delivers-one-kind-entertaining-concert/15206111007/ |website=[[Lubbock Avalanche-Journal]] |access-date=March 1, 2023 |date=October 14, 2011}}</ref> *October 15, 2011 – Oklahoma City: "[[What Hurts the Most#Rascal Flatts version |What Hurts the Most]]" by Rascal Flatts<ref>{{cite web |title=Taylor Swift Covers the Dixie Chicks and Rascal Flatts Live in Concert|url=https://tasteofcountry.com/taylor-swift-cover-dixie-chicks-rascal-flatts/ |website=Taste of Country |access-date=March 1, 2023 |date=October 16, 2011}}</ref> *October 20, 2011 – San Diego: "[[Dare You to Move]]" by [[Switchfoot]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Garin |first1=Nina |title=A wonderfully nice time with Taylor Swift |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130140150/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-wonderfully-nice-time-taylor-swift-2011oct21-htmlstory.html|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-wonderfully-nice-time-taylor-swift-2011oct21-htmlstory.html |website=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]] |access-date=February 23, 2023 |archive-date=November 30, 2021 |date=October 21, 2011}}</ref> *October 21, 2011 – Glendale: "No Parade" by [[Jordin Sparks]]<ref>{{YouTube|id=WUChcnUW6zk|title=Taylor Swift singing "No Parade" by Jordin Sparks in Phoenix, Arizona}}</ref> *October 22, 2011 – Glendale: "[[All You Wanted]]" by [[Michelle Branch]]<ref> name="covers"</ref> *October 25, 2011 – San Antonio: "[[Run (George Strait song)|Run]]" by [[George Strait]]<ref> name="covers"</ref> *October 26, 2011 – Austin: "Hold On" by [[Jack Ingram]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Taylor Swift Pays Tribute to Jack Ingram, Brings Shawn Colvin to the Stage in Texas |url=https://tasteofcountry.com/taylor-swift-jack-ingram-shawn-colvin-texas/ |website=Taste of Country |access-date=March 7, 2023 |date=October 27, 2011}}</ref> *October 30, 2011 – Memphis: "[[Cry Me a River (Justin Timberlake song)|Cry Me a River]]" by [[Justin Timberlake]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Taylor Swift Covers Justin Timberlake's 'Cry Me a River' |url=https://theboot.com/taylor-swift-cry-me-a-river-video-justin-timberlake/ |website=The Boot |access-date=February 23, 2023 |date=November 1, 2011}}</ref> {{Div col end}} === Special guests === Sometimes, Taylor Swift invited a guest to sing with her on stage. Here is the list of people who sang with her and the name of the song they sang together.{{div col}} * August 23, 2011 – Los Angeles, California: "Baby" with Justin Bieber * August 24, 2011 – Los Angeles, California: "I'm Yours" with [[Jason Mraz]] * August 27, 2011 – Los Angeles, California: "[[Tonight Tonight (Hot Chelle Rae song)|Tonight Tonight]]" with [[Hot Chelle Rae]] * August 28, 2011 – Los Angeles, California: "[[Super Bass]]" with [[Nicki Minaj]] * September 10, 2011 – Vancouver, British Columbia: "She's So High" with Tal Bachman * September 16, 2011 – Nashville, Tennessee: "[[Bleed Red]]" with [[Ronnie Dunn]] and "[[That's What You Get]]" with [[Hayley Williams]] of [[Paramore]] * September 17, 2011 – Nashville, Tennessee: "[[Keep Your Head Up (Andy Grammer song)|Keep Your Head Up]]" with [[Andy Grammer]], "[[Big Star (Kenny Chesney song)|Big Star]]" with [[Kenny Chesney]], and "[[Just to See You Smile]]" with [[Tim McGraw]] * October 1, 2011 – Atlanta, Georgia: "[[Yeah! (Usher song)|Yeah!]]" with [[Usher (musician)|Usher]] * October 2, 2011 – Atlanta, Georgia: "[[Live Your Life (T.I. song)|Live Your Life]]" with [[T.I.]] * October 8, 2011 – Arlington, Texas: "[[Airplanes (song)|Airplanes]]" with [[B.o.B]] * October 21, 2011 – Glendale, Arizona: "[[Meant to Live]]" with [[Jon Foreman]] of [[Switchfoot]] * October 22, 2011 – Glendale, Arizona: "[[The Middle]]" with Jim Adkins of [[Jimmy Eat World]] * October 26, 2011 – Austin, Texas: "[[Sunny Came Home]]" with [[Shawn Colvin]] * November 5, 2011 – Houston, Texas: "Just a Dream" with Nelly * November 13, 2011 – Miami, Florida: "[[Right Round]]" with [[Flo Rida]] * November 18, 2011 – Columbia, South Carolina: "[[Alright (Darius Rucker song)|Alright]]" with [[Darius Rucker]] * November 21, 2011 – New York City: "[[Iris (Goo Goo Dolls song)|Iris]]" with [[John Rzeznik]] of [[Goo Goo Dolls]] * November 22, 2011 – New York City: "[[Who Says (Selena Gomez & the Scene song)|Who Says]]" with [[Selena Gomez]] and "[[Fire and Rain (song)|Fire and Rain]]" with [[James Taylor]] {{Div col end}} == Shows == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+List of shows<ref name="bx1112">{{cite magazine|date=November 12, 2011|title=Billboard Boxscore: Issue Date 11/12/2011|url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsp|url-status=live|magazine=Billboard|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322183612/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsp|archive-date=March 22, 2012|access-date=November 3, 2011}}</ref><ref>* {{cite magazine|date=June 25, 2011|title=Billboard Boxscore: Current Scores|url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsp|magazine=Billboard|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5zTCZ3F5s?url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsp|archive-date=June 15, 2011|access-date=June 15, 2011}} * {{cite magazine|date=June 18, 2011|title=Billboard Boxscore: Current Scores|url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsp|magazine=Billboard|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5zSnmfjuV?url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsp|archive-date=June 15, 2011|access-date=June 15, 2011}} * {{cite magazine|title=Billboard Boxscore: Current Scores|url=http://www.billboard.com/biz/current-boxscore|url-status=dead|magazine=Billboard|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5z8Vivssb?url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsp|archive-date=June 2, 2011|access-date=June 15, 2016|quote=Boxscore for Manchester}}</ref><ref>* {{cite magazine|date=July 2, 2011|title=Billboard Boxscore: Current Scores|url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsp|magazine=Billboard|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5zeI2NXbR?url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsp|archive-date=June 23, 2011|access-date=June 23, 2011}} * {{cite magazine|date=July 16, 2011|title=Billboard Boxscore&nbsp;— Current Scores|url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsp|magazine=Billboard|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5zznvuCFd?url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsp|archive-date=July 7, 2011|access-date=July 7, 2011}} * {{cite magazine|date=August 20, 2011|title=Billboard Boxscore&nbsp;— Current Scores|url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsp|magazine=Billboard|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/60rDyICmm?url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsp|archive-date=August 5, 2011|access-date=August 11, 2011}} * {{cite magazine|date=August 27, 2011|title=Billboard Boxscore&nbsp;— Current Scores|url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsp|magazine=Billboard|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/612mObvTM?url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsp|archive-date=August 18, 2011|access-date=August 18, 2011}} * {{cite magazine|date=September 17, 2011|title=Billboard Boxscore&nbsp;— Current Scores|url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsp|magazine=Billboard|archive-url=http://www.freezepage.com/1315494553EGFUVPBGXN?url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsp|archive-date=September 8, 2011|access-date=September 8, 2011}} * {{cite magazine|date=October 8, 2011|title=Billboard Boxscore&nbsp;— Current Scores|url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsp|magazine=Billboard|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/62B39eFGi?url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsp|archive-date=October 3, 2011|access-date=October 3, 2011}} * {{cite magazine|date=November 5, 2011|title=Billboard Boxscore&nbsp;— Current Scores|url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsp|magazine=Billboard|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/62jzr4ts8?url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsp|archive-date=October 27, 2011|access-date=October 27, 2011}} * {{cite magazine|date=November 19, 2011|title=Billboard Boxscore&nbsp;— Current Scores|url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsp|magazine=Billboard|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/635XAfq7J?url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsp|archive-date=November 10, 2011|access-date=November 10, 2011}} * {{cite magazine|date=December 10, 2011|title=Billboard Boxscore|url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsp|magazine=Billboard|location=New York|volume=123|issue=45|issn=0006-2510|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/63b1AV7hs?url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsp|archive-date=November 30, 2011|access-date=November 30, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|date=April 7, 2012|title=Billboard Boxscore|url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsp|url-status=live|magazine=Billboard|location=New York|volume=124|issue=11|issn=0006-2510|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322183612/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsp|archive-date=March 22, 2012|access-date=March 30, 2012}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:12em" |Date ! scope="col" style="width:12em" |City ! scope="col" style="width:12em" |Country ! scope="col" style="width:16em" |Venue ! scope="col" style="width:12em" |Opening acts ! Attendance ! Revenue |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |February 9, 2011 | colspan="2" |{{Flag|Singapore}} |Singapore Indoor Stadium |Sezairi Sezali |8,964 / 8,964 |$916,850 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |February 11, 2011 |[[Seoul]] |{{Flag|South Korea}} |Olympic Gymnastics Arena | rowspan="4" {{n/a}} |4,725 / 4,725 |$385,374 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |February 13, 2011 |[[Osaka]] | rowspan="3" |{{Flag|Japan}} |Osaka-Jo Hall |6,953 / 6,953 |$758,113 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |February 16, 2011 | rowspan="2" |[[Tokyo]] | rowspan="2" |[[Nippon Budokan]] | rowspan="2" |15,955 / 15,955 | rowspan="2" |$1,738,227 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |February 17, 2011 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |February 19, 2011 |[[Quezon City]] |{{Flag|Philippines}} |Smart Araneta Coliseum |Sam Concepcion |12,667 / 12,667 |$859,037 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |February 21, 2011 |{{Flag|Hong Kong}} |{{Flag|China}} |AsiaWorld–Arena |Saito Johnny |12,573 / 12,573 |$1,030,633 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |March 6, 2011 |[[Brussels]] |{{Flag|Belgium}} |Forest National | rowspan="2" |Tom Dice |4,622 / 4,622 |$219,212 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |March 7, 2011 |[[Rotterdam]] |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |Sportpaleis van Ahoy |4,799 / 4,799 |$248,314 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |March 9, 2011 |[[Oslo]] |{{Flag|Norway}} |Oslo Spektrum |{{n/a}} |8,650 / 8,650 |$815,246 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |March 12, 2011 |[[Oberhausen]] |{{Flag|Germany}} |König Pilsener Arena |Martin & James |6,082 / 6,082 |$370,028 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |March 15, 2011 |[[Milan]] |{{Flag|Italy}} |Mediolanum Forum |Emma Marrone |3,421 / 5,585 |$153,303 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |March 17, 2011 |[[Paris]] |{{Flag|France}} |Zénith |{{n/a}} |3,598 / 8,500 |$201,781 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |March 19, 2011 |[[Madrid]] |{{Flag|Spain}} |Palacio de los Deportes |The Bright |3,962 / 3,962 |$251,864 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |March 22, 2011 |[[Birmingham]] |{{Flag|England}} |LG Arena |Martin & James |9,339 / 9,339 |$508,854 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |March 25, 2011 |[[Belfast]] |{{Flag|Northern Ireland}} |Odyssey Arena | rowspan="2" |Ryan Sheridan |8,058 / 8,058 |$379,001 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |March 27, 2011 |[[Dublin]] |{{Flag|Ireland}} |The O<sub>2</sub> |8,681 / 8,681 |$419,806 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |March 29, 2011 |[[Manchester]] | rowspan="2" |{{Flag|England}} |[[Manchester Arena|Manchester Evening News Arena]] | rowspan="2" |Martin & James |10,488 / 11,622 |$580,558 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |March 30, 2011 |[[London]] |[[The O2 Arena|The O<sub>2</sub> Arena]] |15,265 / 15,681 |$891,152 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |May 27, 2011 | rowspan="2" |[[Omaha, Nebraska|Omaha]] | rowspan="18" |{{Flag|United States}} | rowspan="2" |Qwest Center Omaha | rowspan="79" |Needtobreathe | rowspan="2" |26,992 / 26,992 | rowspan="2" |$1,717,104 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |May 28, 2011 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |May 29, 2011 |[[Des Moines, Iowa|Des Moines]] |Wells Fargo Arena |13,149 / 13,149 |$862,771 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |June 2, 2011 | rowspan="2" |[[Sunrise, Florida|Sunrise]] | rowspan="2" |BankAtlantic Center | rowspan="2" |24,077 / 24,077 | rowspan="2" |$1,582,951 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |June 3, 2011 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |June 4, 2011 |[[Orlando, Florida|Orlando]] |Amway Center |12,262 / 12,262 |$791,980 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |June 7, 2011 |[[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]] |[[Nationwide Arena]] |14,817 / 14,817 |$955,259 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |June 8, 2011 |[[Milwaukee]] |Bradley Center |13,748 / 13,748 |$897,042 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |June 11, 2011 |[[Detroit]] |Ford Field |47,992 / 47,992 |$3,453,549 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |June 14, 2011 | rowspan="2" |[[Saint Paul, Minnesota|Saint Paul]] | rowspan="2" |[[Xcel Energy Center]] | rowspan="2" |28,977 / 28,977 | rowspan="2" |$1,913,737 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |June 15, 2011 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |June 18, 2011 |[[Pittsburgh]] |[[Acrisure Stadium|Heinz Field]] |52,009 / 52,009 |$4,009,118 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |June 21, 2011 |[[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]] |[[KeyBank Center|First Niagara Center]] |14,487 / 14,487 |$966,749 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |June 22, 2011 |[[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]] |XL Center |12,436 / 12,436 |$810,165 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |June 25, 2011 | rowspan="2" |[[Foxborough, Massachusetts|Foxborough]] | rowspan="2" |[[Gillette Stadium]] | rowspan="2" |110,800 / 110,800 | rowspan="2" |$8,026,350 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |June 26, 2011 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |June 30, 2011 |[[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro]] |Greensboro Coliseum |14,789 / 14,789 |$990,701 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |July 1, 2011 |[[Knoxville, Tennessee|Knoxville]] |Thompson–Boling Arena |13,754 / 13,754 |$903,875 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |July 14, 2011 |[[Montreal]] | rowspan="3" |{{Flag|Canada}} |[[Bell Centre]] |13,439 / 13,439 |$1,254,230 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |July 15, 2011 | rowspan="2" |[[Toronto]] | rowspan="2" |[[Scotiabank Arena|Air Canada Centre]] | rowspan="2" |30,144 / 30,144 | rowspan="2" |$3,036,000 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |July 16, 2011 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |July 19, 2011 | rowspan="4" |[[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]] | rowspan="14" |{{Flag|United States}} | rowspan="4" |[[Prudential Center]] | rowspan="4" |51,487 / 51,487 | rowspan="4" |$3,875,463 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |July 20, 2011 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |July 23, 2011 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |July 24, 2011 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |July 28, 2011 |[[Grand Rapids, Michigan|Grand Rapids]] |Van Andel Arena |11,012 / 11,012 |$724,854 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |July 29, 2011 |[[Indianapolis]] |[[Gainbridge Fieldhouse|Conseco Fieldhouse]] |13,329 / 13,329 |$877,175 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |July 30, 2011 |[[Cleveland]] |Quicken Loans Arena |14,873 / 14,873 |$976,954 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |August 2, 2011 | rowspan="2" |[[Washington, D.C.]] | rowspan="2" |[[Capital One Arena|Verizon Center]] | rowspan="2" |29,303 / 29,303 | rowspan="2" |$2,068,789 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |August 3, 2011 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |August 6, 2011 |[[Philadelphia]] |[[Lincoln Financial Field]] |51,395 / 51,395 |$4,268,678 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |August 9, 2011 | rowspan="2" |[[Rosemont, Illinois|Rosemont]] | rowspan="2" |[[Allstate Arena]] | rowspan="2" |26,112 / 26,112 | rowspan="2" |$1,909,603 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |August 10, 2011 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |August 13, 2011 | rowspan="2" |[[St. Louis]] | rowspan="2" |[[Enterprise Center|Scottrade Center]] | rowspan="2" |27,965 / 27,965 | rowspan="2" |$1,850,159 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |August 14, 2011 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |August 18, 2011 | rowspan="2" |[[Edmonton]] | rowspan="2" |{{Flag|Canada}} | rowspan="2" |Rexall Place | rowspan="2" |25,336 / 25,336 | rowspan="2" |$2,136,270 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |August 19, 2011 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |August 23, 2011 | rowspan="4" |[[Los Angeles]] | rowspan="9" |{{Flag|United States}} | rowspan="4" |[[Crypto.com Arena|Staples Center]] | rowspan="4" |54,900 / 54,900 | rowspan="4" |$3,927,154 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |August 24, 2011 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |August 27, 2011 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |August 28, 2011 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |September 1, 2011 | rowspan="2" |[[San Jose, California|San Jose]] | rowspan="2" |[[SAP Center at San Jose|HP Pavilion]] | rowspan="2" |24,827 / 24,827 | rowspan="2" |$1,825,448 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |September 2, 2011 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |September 3, 2011 |[[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]] |Power Balance Pavilion |12,432 / 12,432 |$934,326 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |September 6, 2011 |[[Portland, Oregon|Portland]] |Rose Garden Arena |13,610 / 13,610 |$903,445 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |September 7, 2011 |[[Tacoma, Washington|Tacoma]] |Tacoma Dome |19,904 / 19,904 |$1,289,430 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |September 10, 2011 | rowspan="2" |[[Vancouver]] | rowspan="2" |{{Flag|Canada}} | rowspan="2" |[[Rogers Arena]] | rowspan="2" |26,030 / 26,030 | rowspan="2" |$2,190,680 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |September 11, 2011 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |September 16, 2011 | rowspan="2" |[[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]] | rowspan="31" |{{Flag|United States}} | rowspan="2" |[[Bridgestone Arena]] | rowspan="2" |28,178 / 28,178 | rowspan="2" |$1,841,134 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |September 17, 2011 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |September 20, 2011 |[[Bossier City, Louisiana|Bossier City]] |CenturyLink Center |11,510 / 11,510 |$728,546 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |September 21, 2011 |[[Tulsa, Oklahoma|Tulsa]] |BOK Center |12,546 / 12,546 |$907,573 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |September 24, 2011 |[[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]] |[[Arrowhead Stadium]] |48,562 / 48,562 |$3,148,046 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |September 27, 2011 |[[Denver]] |[[Ball Arena|Pepsi Center]] |12,908 / 12,908 |$834,916 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |September 28, 2011 |[[Salt Lake City]] |EnergySolutions Arena |13,720 / 13,720 |$896,946 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |October 1, 2011{{efn|This concert was originally supposed to happen on July 9, 2011. It was postponed because Taylor Swift was sick.|name=}} | rowspan="2" |[[Atlanta]] | rowspan="2" |Philips Arena | rowspan="2" |26,244 / 26,244 | rowspan="2" |$1,726,661 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |October 2, 2011{{efn|name=|This concert was originally supposed to happen on July 10, 2011. It was postponed because Taylor Swift was sick.}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |October 4, 2011 |[[North Little Rock, Arkansas|North Little Rock]] |Verizon Arena |13,566 / 13,566 |$856,123 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |October 5, 2011 |[[New Orleans]] |New Orleans Arena |12,943 / 12,943 |$830,289 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |October 8, 2011 |[[Arlington, Texas|Arlington]] |[[AT&T Stadium|Cowboys Stadium]] |55,451 / 55,451 |$4,337,062 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |October 11, 2011{{efn|This concert was originally supposed to happen on July 2, 2011. It was postponed because Taylor Swift was sick.}} |[[Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]] |KFC Yum! Center |14,848 / 14,848 |$1,003,828 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |October 14, 2011 |[[Lubbock, Texas|Lubbock]] |United Spirit Arena |10,419 / 10,419 |$710,426 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |October 15, 2011 |[[Oklahoma City]] |[[Paycom Center|Chesapeake Energy Arena]] |11,592 / 11,592 |$758,364 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |October 20, 2011 |[[San Diego, California|San Diego]] |Valley View Casino Center |10,834 / 10,834 |$792,634 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |October 21, 2011 | rowspan="2" |[[Glendale, Arizona|Glendale]] | rowspan="2" |Jobing.com Arena | rowspan="2" |27,029 / 27,029 | rowspan="2" |$1,826,025 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |October 22, 2011 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |October 25, 2011 |[[San Antonio]] |AT&T Center |13,851 / 13,851 |$901,535 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |October 26, 2011 |[[Austin, Texas|Austin]] |Frank Erwin Center |11,999 / 11,999 |$752,078 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |October 29, 2011 |[[Lexington, Kentucky|Lexington]] |Rupp Arena |16,237 / 16,237 |$1,041,935 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |October 30, 2011 |[[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]] |FedExForum |12,604 / 12,604 |$820,036 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |November 5, 2011 |[[Houston]] |[[Minute Maid Park]] |42,095 / 42,095 |$3,435,756 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |November 11, 2011 |[[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]] |Jacksonville Veterans Memorial Arena |11,785 / 11,785 |$749,099 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |November 12, 2011 |[[Tampa, Florida|Tampa]] |[[Amalie Arena|St. Pete Times Forum]] |13,695 / 13,695 |$914,300 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |November 13, 2011 |[[Miami]] |American Airlines Arena |12,153 / 12,153 |$786,904 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |November 16, 2011{{efn|This concert was originally supposed to happen on July 8, 2011. It was postponed because Taylor Swift was sick.}} |[[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte]] |Time Warner Cable Arena |14,272 / 14,272 |$920,903 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |November 17, 2011 |[[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]] |[[PNC Arena|RBC Center]] |13,567 / 13,567 |$866,056 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |November 18, 2011 |[[Columbia, South Carolina|Columbia]] |Colonial Life Arena |12,807 / 12,807 |$828,231 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |November 21, 2011 | rowspan="2" |[[New York City|New York]] | rowspan="2" |[[Madison Square Garden]] | rowspan="2" |26,652 / 26,652 | rowspan="2" |$1,988,411 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |November 22, 2011 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |March 2, 2012 |[[Perth, Western Australia|Perth]] | rowspan="9" |{{Flag|Australia}} |Burswood Dome | rowspan="12" |[[Hot Chelle Rae]] |15,142 / 15,142 |$1,878,530 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |March 4, 2012 |[[Adelaide]] |Adelaide Entertainment Centre |8,589 / 8,589 |$1,075,370 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |March 6, 2012 | rowspan="2" |[[Brisbane]] | rowspan="2" |Brisbane Entertainment Centre | rowspan="2" |19,870 / 19,870 | rowspan="2" |$2,416,030 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |March 7, 2012 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |March 9, 2012 | rowspan="2" |[[Sydney]] | rowspan="2" |Allphones Arena | rowspan="2" |27,900 / 27,900 | rowspan="2" |$3,420,360 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |March 10, 2012 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |March 12, 2012 | rowspan="3" |[[Melbourne]] | rowspan="3" |Rod Laver Arena | rowspan="3" |33,793 / 33,793 | rowspan="3" |$4,151,650 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |March 13, 2012 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |March 14, 2012 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |March 16, 2012 | rowspan="3" |[[Auckland]] | rowspan="3" |{{Flag|New Zealand}} | rowspan="3" |Vector Arena | rowspan="3" |32,585 / 32,585 | rowspan="3" |$2,888,560 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |March 17, 2012 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |March 18, 2012 |- ! colspan="5" |Total !'''1,639,137 / 1,649,435 (99.2%)''' !'''$123,678,576''' |} == Notes == {{Notelist}} == References == <references /> [[Category:Taylor Swift concert tours]] [[Category:2011 albums]] [[Category:Live albums]] q30xhb8h96grjqewf8tizbnvqcmp4ya 0 1056251 10369318 10271876 2025-07-03T09:42:04Z BlackJack 572554 Added {{[[Template:update|update]]}} tag to article ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369318 wikitext text/x-wiki {{update|date=July 2025}} {{Infobox cricket team | name = Australia | alt = | caption = | nickname = Southern Stars | association = [[Cricket Australia]] | captain = [[Alyssa Healy]] | coach = [[Shelley Nitschke]] | test_status_year = 1934 | icc_status = [[List of International Cricket Council members|Full member]] | icc_member_year = 1909 | icc_region = [[ICC East Asia-Pacific|East Asia-Pacific]] | wodi_rank = 1st | wt20i_rank = 1st | wodi_rank_best = 1st (1 October 2015) <!-- Date when its team reached all time best ranking for the first time --> | wt20i_rank_best = 1st (1 October 2015) <!-- Date when its team reached all time best ranking for the first time --> | first_wtest = v {{crw|ENG}} at [[Brisbane Exhibition Ground]], [[Brisbane]]; 28–31 December 1934 | most_recent_wtest = v {{crw|ENG}} at [[Trent Bridge]], [[Nottingham]]; 22–26 June 2023 | num_wtests = 77 | num_wtests_this_year = 1 | wtest_record = 21/10<br />(46 draws) | wtest_record_this_year = 1/0<br />(0 draws) | first_wodi = v [[Young England women's cricket team|Young England]] at [[Dean Park Cricket Ground]], [[Bournemouth]]; 23 June 1973 | most_recent_wodi = v {{crw|WIN}} at [[Junction Oval]], [[Melbourne]]; 14 October 2023 | num_wodis = 358 | num_wodis_this_year = 11 | wodi_record = 283/66<br />(2 ties, 7 no results) | wodi_record_this_year = 8/2<br />(0 ties, 1 no result) | wwc_apps = 12 | wwc_first = [[1973 Women's Cricket World Cup|1973]] | wwc_best = Champions ([[1978 Women's Cricket World Cup|1978]], [[1982 Women's Cricket World Cup|1982]], [[1988 Women's Cricket World Cup|1988]], [[1997 Women's Cricket World Cup|1997]], [[2005 Women's Cricket World Cup|2005]], [[2013 Women's Cricket World Cup|2013]], [[2022 Women's Cricket World Cup|2022]]) | first_wt20i = v {{crw|ENG}} at [[County Ground, Taunton]]; 2 September 2005 | most_recent_wt20i = v {{crw|WIN}} at [[Allan Border Field]], [[Brisbane]]; 5 October 2023 | num_wt20is = 177 | num_wt20is_this_year = 14 | wt20i_record = 129/49<br />(4 ties, 5 no results) | wt20i_record_this_year = 11/3<br />(0 no results) | wwt20_apps = 8 | wwt20_first = [[2009 ICC Women's World Twenty20|2009]] | wwt20_best = Champions ([[2010 ICC Women's World Twenty20|2010]], [[2012 ICC Women's World Twenty20|2012]], [[2014 ICC Women's World Twenty20|2014]], [[2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20|2018]], [[2020 ICC Women's T20 World Cup|2020]], [[2023 ICC Women's T20 World Cup|2023]]) | h_pattern_la = | h_pattern_b = _yellowthinlines | h_pattern_ra = | h_pattern_pants = | h_leftarm = FFFFF0 | h_body = FFFFF0 | h_rightarm = FFFFF0 | h_pants = FFFFF0 | a_pattern_la = | a_pattern_b = _bowonyellow | a_pattern_ra = | a_pattern_pants = | a_leftarm = FFFF00 | a_body = 115A48 | a_rightarm = FFFF00 | a_pants = FFFF00 | a_title = ODI kit | t_pattern_la = | t_pattern_b = _6thinyellowstripes | t_pattern_ra = | t_pattern_pants = | t_leftarm = 000000 | t_body = 000000 | t_rightarm = 000000 | t_pants = 000000 | t_title = T20I kit | asofdate = 14 October 2023 }} The '''Australia women's national cricket team''' represents [[Australia]] in international women's [[cricket]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{National sports teams of Australia}} [[Category:Women's national sports teams of Australia|Cricket]] [[Category:Women's national cricket teams]] [[Category:Cricket teams in Australia|Women]] [[Category:Test cricket teams]] 8axk3f8qb76hckila0swnrqhbrpq8xq 0 1056252 10369315 10269863 2025-07-03T09:40:57Z BlackJack 572554 Added {{[[Template:more sources|more sources]]}} and {{[[Template:update|update]]}} tags to article ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{more sources|date=July 2025}} {{update|date=July 2025}} {{Infobox cricket team | name = England | image_size = 150px | nickname = | association = [[England and Wales Cricket Board]] | captain = [[Heather Knight (cricketer)|Heather Knight]] | coach = [[Jon Lewis (cricketer, born 1975)|Jon Lewis]] | icc_status = [[List of International Cricket Council members|Full member]] | icc_member_year = 1909 | icc_region = [[European Cricket Council|Europe]] | wodi_rank = 3rd | wt20i_rank = 2nd | wodi_rank_best = 2nd (1 Oct 2015) <!-- Date when its team reached all time best ranking for the first time --> | wt20i_rank_best = 2nd | first_wtest = v {{crw|AUS}} at the [[Brisbane Showgrounds|Brisbane Exhibition Ground]], [[Brisbane]]; 28–31 December 1934 | most_recent_wtest = v {{crw|AUS}} at [[Trent Bridge]], [[Nottingham]]; 22–26 June 2023 | num_wtests = 99 | num_wtests_this_year = 1 | wtest_record = 20/15<br />(64 draws) | wtest_record_this_year = 0/1<br />(0 draws) | first_wodi = v [[International XI women's cricket team|International XI]] at [[County Cricket Ground, Hove|County Cricket Ground]], [[Hove]]; 23 June 1973 | most_recent_wodi = v {{crw|SL}} at [[Grace Road]], [[Leicester]]; 14 September 2023 | num_wodis = 386 | num_wodis_this_year = 6 | wodi_record = 227/145<br />(2 ties, 12 no results) | wodi_record_this_year = 4/1<br />(0 ties, 1 no result) | wwc_apps = 11 | wwc_first = [[1973 Women's Cricket World Cup|1973]] | wwc_best = Champions ([[1973 Women's Cricket World Cup|1973]], [[1993 Women's Cricket World Cup|1993]], [[2009 Women's Cricket World Cup|2009]], [[2017 Women's Cricket World Cup|2017]]) | first_wt20i = v {{crw|NZL}} at [[County Cricket Ground, Hove|County Cricket Ground]], [[Hove]]; 5 August 2004 | most_recent_wt20i = v {{crw|SL}} at [[County Ground, Derby|County Ground]], [[Derby]]; 6 September 2023 | num_wt20is = 184 | num_wt20is_this_year = 11 | wt20i_record = 131/48<br />(3 ties, 2 no results) | wt20i_record_this_year = 7/4<br />(0 ties, 0 no results) | wwt20_apps = 8 | wwt20_first = [[2009 ICC Women's World Twenty20|2009]] | wwt20_best = Champions ([[2009 ICC Women's World Twenty20|2009]]) | website = {{URL|https://www.ecb.co.uk/england/women}} | asofdate = 14 September 2023 }} The '''England women's cricket team''' represents [[England]] in international women's [[cricket]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Women's national cricket teams]] [[Category:National sports teams of England]] [[Category:Test cricket teams]] {{sport-stub}} kt2atrhmk75hikk46f540xmvqbpgtnm 0 1058561 10367767 9218000 2025-07-02T15:08:55Z Valerystarlight 1191375 10367767 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hybridbox/lua | name = Żubroń | image = Zubron2.jpg | image_alt = A żubroń in Białowieża National Park | image_caption = A żubroń in [[Białowieża National Park]] | status = DOM | parent = Bovina | genus1 = Bos | species1 = taurus | link1 = Cattle | genus2 = Bison | species2 = bonasus | link2 = European bison }} A '''Żubroń''' (/ˈʒuːbrɒnj/; Polish: ''żubroń'' [ˈʐubrɔɲ]) is a [[hybrid]] (mix) of a [[Cattle|cow]] and a [[wisent]]. The wisent is another name for the European bison. That means a żubroń is a lot like a [[beefalo]]. The name żubroń was picked from a lot of choices. Before that, people sent the choices into a Polish [[magazine]] in 1969.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Żubroń|url=http://www.zubry.com/zubron|access-date=2023-10-30|website=www.zubry.com}}</ref> [[File:Zubron, Poznan.jpg|thumb]] == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Zubron}} [[Category:Bovids]] [[Category:Domesticated animals]] [[Category:Animal hybrids]] {{biology-stub}} p55r5x4lipzqm6hkqop5fotid4x0z7w 0 1061370 10368693 9974977 2025-07-03T02:09:15Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 1) added a missing-citation tag as needed; 2) removed a typo of duplication and 2 extra blanks 10368693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{noref}} {{Infobox football biography | name= Karl Heinlein | image = | fullname = | height = | birth_date = {{birth date|1892|4|25|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Vienna]], [[Austria-Hungary]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|1960|5|2|1892|4|25|df=y}} | death_place = [[Vienna]], [[Austria]] | position = [[Midfielder]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = | years1 = 1914-1919 | clubs1 = [[Wiener AC]] | clubs2 = | clubs3 = | clubs4 = | clubs5 = | clubs6 = | caps1 = | goals1 = | nationalyears1 = 1917-1919 | nationalteam1 = [[Austria national football team|Austria ]] | nationalcaps1 = 2 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | manageryears1 = 1919 – 1921 | manageryears2 = 1928-1929 | manageryears3 = 1929-1931 | manageryears4 = | manageryears5 = | manageryears6 = 1934-1935 | manageryears7 = | manageryears8 = 1936-? | manageryears10 = 1950-1951 | managerclubs1 = [[HŠK Građanski]] | managerclubs2 = [[CE Europa]] | managerclubs3 = [[Holstein Kiel]] | managerclubs4 = [[FSV Frankfurt]] | managerclubs5 = [[Hassia Bingen]] | managerclubs6 = [[FC Luzern]] | managerclubs7 = [[SC Wacker Wien]] | managerclubs8 = [[FC Nancy]] | managerclubs10 = [[Floridsdorfer AC]] }} '''Karl Heinlein''' (25 April 1892 - 2 May 1960 ) was an Austrian football player and coach. He played for [[Wiener AC]] as midfielder. He also played for the [[Austria national football team|Austrian national football team ]]. ==Career== He played for [[Wiener AC]] and was part of the team which won in the [[1914-15 Austrian football championship|1914-15 season]] the Austrian championship for WAC. ==International== He made his national team debut on 26 December 1917 in Zurich against [[Switzerland national football team|Switzerland]]. His second international match was on 6 April 1919 in Budapest under Hugo Meisl against [[Hungary national football team|Hungary]]. ==Manager== Heinlein coached CE Europa in Barcelona, [[Hakoah Vienna]] and then from 1929 to 1931 [[Holstein Kiel]]. He then signed with [[FSV Frankfurt]]. Later he worked for Hassia Bingen and then, [[FC Luzern]], [[SC Wacker Wien|Wacker Wien]] and [[FC Nancy]]. After the [[Second world war|Second World war]] he coached [[Floridsdorfer AC]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Heinlein, KaRL}} [[Category:1892 births]] [[Category:1960 deaths]] [[Category:Association football midfielders]] [[Category:Austrian footballers]] [[Category:Players of the Austrian national football team]] [[Category:Austrian football champions]] [[Category:Austrian football midfielders]] fkhf1kv4ddy62rd49nxzzw3xsumz2ta 0 1061634 10368974 9903136 2025-07-03T05:04:12Z Auntof6 22027 use standard stub template 10368974 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox video game | title = Tokyo Highway Battle | developer = [[Genki (company)|Genki]] | publisher = {{vgrelease|JP|[[Bullet-Proof Software]]|NA|[[Jaleco]]|EU|[[THQ]]|JP|[[Imagineer (Japanese company)|Imagineer]] (Saturn)}} | series = ''[[Tokyo Xtreme Racer]]'' | released = {{Unbulleted list|'''PlayStation'''|{{vgrelease|JP|May 3, 1996|NA|August 9, 1996<ref>{{Cite web |date=1998-06-11 |title=PlayStation News @ www.vidgames.com |url=http://www.vidgames.com/ps/misc/1996.html |access-date=2023-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980611181047/http://www.vidgames.com/ps/misc/1996.html |archive-date=1998-06-11 }}</ref>|EU|June 27, 1997}}|'''Sega Saturn'''|{{vgrelease|JP|February 28, 1997}}}} | genre = [[Racing video game|Racing]] | platforms = [[PlayStation (console)|PlayStation]], [[Sega Saturn]] | modes = [[Single-player]], [[multiplayer]] | alt = }} '''''Tokyo Highway Battle''''' is a 1996 [[racing video game]]. It was made by [[Genki (company)|Genki]]. The game was [[Publishing|published]] by [[Jaleco]] for the [[PlayStation (console)|PlayStation]] and [[Sega Saturn]]. It was released in [[Japan]] as ''Shutokou Battle: Drift King'' for the PlayStation, and ''Shutokō Battle '97'' for the Sega Saturn. The game is part of the ''[[Shutokou Battle]]'' [[Media franchise|franchise]]. == References == {{reflist}} {{video-game-stub}} [[Category:1996 video games]] [[Category:Racing video games]] [[Category:PlayStation games]] [[Category:Sega Saturn games]] nkj92pcxa1q78k5tspc949cya17h4at 0 1062338 10368918 10324029 2025-07-03T04:01:44Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=November 2023}} {{Infobox scientist | name = Tuang Za Khai | image = Tuang Za Khai.png | caption = Tuang in 2023 | birth_name = <!-- if different from "name" --> | birth_date = August 18, 1986 | birth_place = Pakzaang, [[Chin State]], [[Myanmar]] | death_place = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = <!--{{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}--> | other_names = | siglum = | citizenship = Burmese | nationality = [[Zomi]]/[[Chin]] | fields = Botany (Plant -Plant Pathogen Interaction) | workplaces = [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]] | patrons = | alma_mater = [[Central China Normal University]] | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | author_abbrev_zoo = | influences = | influenced = | signature_alt = | Official website = | footnotes = | partner = <!--(or | partners = )--> | honorific_prefix = | pronounce = | death_cause = | image_upright = | honorific_suffix = | References = | website = https://www.tuang.org/ }} '''Tuang Za Khai ('''[[Burmese language|Burmese]]''':''' တွောင်ဇခိုင်; born August 18, 1986), also known as '''Khaikok''' is a [[Zou people|Zomi]] [[research]]er and [[author]] from Chin State, [[Myanmar]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Myanmar’s Civil Disobedience Movement, From the Inside|url=https://thediplomat.com/2024/11/myanmars-civil-disobedience-movement-from-the-inside/|access-date=2025-04-26|website=thediplomat.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Media|first=Zalen|date=2024-11-30|title=အစ္စရေးနိုင်ငံမှာ သုတေသနတွေ့ရှိမှု|url=https://zalen.info/%e1%80%a1%e1%80%85%e1%80%b9%e1%80%85%e1%80%9b%e1%80%b1%e1%80%b8%e1%80%94%e1%80%ad%e1%80%af%e1%80%84%e1%80%ba%e1%80%84%e1%80%b6%e1%80%99%e1%80%be%e1%80%ac-%e1%80%9e%e1%80%af%e1%80%90%e1%80%b1%e1%80%9e/|access-date=2025-04-26|website=ZALEN|language=en-US}}</ref> His scientific work focuses on plant-microbe interactions, particularly plant-plant pathogenic bacteria interactions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-02-01|title=Hebrew University plant experts discover problems in melon health|url=https://www.jpost.com/health-and-wellness/article-784812|access-date=2025-04-26|website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wu|first=Zhenjiang|last2=Han|first2=Shiming|last3=Zhou|first3=Hedan|last4=Tuang|first4=Za Khai|last5=Wang|first5=Yizhong|last6=Jin|first6=Ye|last7=Shi|first7=Huazhong|last8=Yang|first8=Wannian|date=September 2019|title=Cold stress activates disease resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana through a salicylic acid dependent pathway|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pce.13579|journal=Plant, Cell & Environment|language=en|volume=42|issue=9|pages=2645–2663|doi=10.1111/pce.13579|issn=0140-7791}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tuang|first=Za Khai|last2=Wu|first2=Zhenjiang|last3=Jin|first3=Ye|last4=Wang|first4=Yizhong|last5=Oo|first5=Phyo Phyo Zin|last6=Zuo|first6=Guoxin|last7=Shi|first7=Huazhong|last8=Yang|first8=Wannian|date=March 2020|title=Pst DC3000 infection alleviates subsequent freezing and heat injury to host plants via a salicylic acid‐dependent pathway in Arabidopsis|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pce.13705|journal=Plant, Cell & Environment|language=en|volume=43|issue=3|pages=801–817|doi=10.1111/pce.13705|issn=0140-7791}}</ref> He has contributed writings on academic freedom and pro-democracy issues in [[Myanmar]] and has been noted for his involvement in related activism.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /> == Education and Career == Tuang Za Khai began his education in Pakzaang, Tedim Township, and finished high school in Tedim in 2003. He earned a Bachelor’s degree in Botany and a Master’s degree in Plant Science from Kalay University. Later, he received a Chinese Government Scholarship to study for a [[Doctor of Philosophy]] in Plant Functional Genomics at Central China Normal University, completing his degree in 2020. He worked as a lecturer at Kalay University until May 2021, when he was expelled because of his involvement in the civil disobedience movement and support for democracy <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Post-doctoral researcher, Tuang Za Khai, is on a mission for academic freedom and pro-democracy activism|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/investing/markets/markets-news/GetNews/29228692/postdoctoral-researcher-tuang-za-khai-is-on-a-mission-for-academic-freedom-and-prodemocracy-activism/|access-date=2025-04-26|website=The Globe and Mail|language=en-CA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Oil Crop Science {{!}} Journal {{!}} ScienceDirect.com by Elsevier|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/oil-crop-science|access-date=2023-11-16|website=www.sciencedirect.com|language=en-us}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=About {{!}} Tuang Za Khai|url=https://www.tuang.org/about/|access-date=2025-04-26|language=en-US}}</ref> Tuang Za Khai serves as a teaching fellow at the Burmese American Community Institute (BACI) and the Zomi Education Working Group (ZEWG), where he contributes to online education for students from Myanmar affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the political situation, which disrupted formal education.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-21|title=Continuing Learning Program (CLP)|url=https://zomieducation.org/continuing-learning-program-clp/2/|access-date=2025-04-26|website=Zomi Education Working Group|language=en}}</ref> He is also a postdoctoral researcher at the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]], supported by the Lady Davis Fellowship Trust.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Critical Insights into Bacterial Fruit Blotch and Its Impact on Melon and Watermelon Crop Health|url=https://en.huji.ac.il/news/critical-insights-bacterial-fruit-blotch-and-its-impact-melon-and-watermelon-crop|access-date=2025-04-26|website=en.huji.ac.il}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ling|first=Tial C.|last2=Inta|first2=Angkhana|last3=Armstrong|first3=Kate E.|last4=Little|first4=Damon P.|last5=Tiansawat|first5=Pimonrat|last6=Yang|first6=Yong-Ping|last7=Phokasem|first7=Patcharin|last8=Tuang|first8=Za Khai|last9=Sinpoo|first9=Chainarong|last10=Disayathanoowat|first10=Terd|date=December 2022|title=Traditional Knowledge of Textile Dyeing Plants: A Case Study in the Chin Ethnic Group of Western Myanmar|url=https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/14/12/1065|journal=Diversity|language=en|volume=14|issue=12|pages=1065|doi=10.3390/d14121065|issn=1424-2818}}</ref> == Works and Publications == Tuang Za Khai’s work has appeared in journals including The Plant Journal and Plant, Cell & Environment, marking him as the first Kalay University lecturer with publications in these venues for four consecutive years.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wu|first=Zhenjiang|last2=Han|first2=Shiming|last3=Zhou|first3=Hedan|last4=Tuang|first4=Za Khai|last5=Wang|first5=Yizhong|last6=Jin|first6=Ye|last7=Shi|first7=Huazhong|last8=Yang|first8=Wannian|date=September 2019|title=Cold stress activates disease resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana through a salicylic acid dependent pathway|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31087367/|journal=Plant, Cell & Environment|volume=42|issue=9|pages=2645–2663|doi=10.1111/pce.13579|issn=1365-3040|pmid=31087367}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tuang|first=Za Khai|last2=Wu|first2=Zhenjiang|last3=Jin|first3=Ye|last4=Wang|first4=Yizhong|last5=Oo|first5=Phyo Phyo Zin|last6=Zuo|first6=Guoxin|last7=Shi|first7=Huazhong|last8=Yang|first8=Wannian|date=2020|title=Pst DC3000 infection alleviates subsequent freezing and heat injury to host plants via a salicylic acid-dependent pathway in Arabidopsis|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pce.13705|journal=Plant, Cell & Environment|language=en|volume=43|issue=3|pages=801–817|doi=10.1111/pce.13705|issn=1365-3040}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jiménez-Guerrero|first=Irene|last2=Sonawane|first2=Monica|last3=Eckshtain-Levi|first3=Noam|last4=Tuang|first4=Za Khai|last5=da Silva|first5=Gustavo Mateus|last6=Pérez-Montaño|first6=Francisco|last7=Leibman-Markus|first7=Meirav|last8=Gupta|first8=Rupali|last9=Noda-Garcia|first9=Lianet|last10=Bar|first10=Maya|last11=Burdman|first11=Saul|date=2024|title=Natural variation in a short region of the Acidovorax citrulli type III-secreted effector AopW1 is associated with differences in cytotoxicity and host adaptation|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/tpj.16507|journal=The Plant Journal|language=en|volume=117|issue=2|pages=516–540|doi=10.1111/tpj.16507|issn=1365-313X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tuang|first=Za Khai|last2=Ling|first2=Tial C.|date=2023-05-01|title=Preliminary analysis reveals that RCF1 confers resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 but impairs Botrytis cinerea infection|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0885576523000577|journal=Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology|volume=125|pages=102002|doi=10.1016/j.pmpp.2023.102002|issn=0885-5765}}</ref> He has authored, co-authored, and edited multiple works on topics including the political impact of Myanmar’s military coup, the origins of COVID-19, environmental issues, self-help, and biblical narratives.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=The Academic Brain Drain Since Myanmar’s Military Coup|url=https://thediplomat.com/2024/08/the-academic-brain-drain-since-myanmars-military-coup/|access-date=2025-04-26|website=thediplomat.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Zomi Idol ‘IDOL’ laimal buaina ~ Tuang Za Khai – ZOMI DAILY|url=https://zomidaily.org/zomi-idol-idol-laimal-buaina-tuang-za-khai/|access-date=2023-11-16|website=zomidaily.org}}</ref><ref name="Jin 337–345">{{Cite journal|last=Jin|first=Ye|last2=Tuang|first2=Za Khai|last3=Wang|first3=Yizhong|last4=Wu|first4=Zhenjiang|last5=Yang|first5=Wannian|date=2022-02-01|title=Potential roles for pattern molecule of PAMP-triggered immunity in improving crop cold tolerance|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-021-02811-4|journal=Plant Cell Reports|language=en|volume=41|issue=2|pages=337–345|doi=10.1007/s00299-021-02811-4|issn=1432-203X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Gam aki halhal nawnloh hunciang ~ Tuang Za Khai – ZOMI DAILY|url=https://zomidaily.org/gam-aki-halhal-nawnloh-hunciang-tuang-za-khai/|access-date=2023-11-16|website=zomidaily.org}}</ref> == Personal life == Tuang Za Khai is married to advocate Cing Sen Zen, and they have two children - a daughter and a son.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Israel – Hamas Kibuaina gam vaiah Israel – Palestine kuate Innteek zaw uh hiam! – TONGSAN|url=https://tongsan.org/articles/politics/israel-hamas-kibuaina-gam-vaiah-israel-palestine-kuate-innteek-zaw-uh-hiam/|access-date=2025-04-28|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Convid talk {{!}} ZOHEISA CONVID 19 TALK Tulai aa minthang Convid 19 hong kipatna sen gam Wuhan khuapi aa om Central China Normal University aa Ph.D sin Sia Tuang Za... {{!}} By Living Hope Myanmar Ministries {{!}} Facebook|url=https://www.facebook.com/Zoheisa-Community-Media-438294710258916/videos/convid-talk/534119820624033/|language=en|access-date=2023-11-16}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-2640 ORCID] * [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tuang-Khai ResearchGate] * [https://www.tuang.org Official Website] [[Category:Asian scientists]] [[Category:1986 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Biologists by nationality]] [[Category:Biologists by field]] [[Category:Molecular biology]] fhwhvm1cwevz3w3bl4uw7xa9d9zkd5p 0 1066934 10369439 9286464 2025-07-03T11:30:40Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 batch RFD 10369439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rfd|no notability expressed. Sources are either databases like Discogs, lyrics sites, or an interview with the band; nothing that established notability through secondary sources.|group=|request=Brainbombs songs and EPs|year=}} {{Infobox song|name=Anal Babes/Brainbombs|type=single|artist=[[Brainbombs]]|A-side=* "Face of Fear (Anal Babes)" * "Obey (Brainbombs)"|B-side=* "No Limit (Anal Babes)" * "That's the Way (I Like It) (Brainbombs)"|released=1994|genre={{hlist|[[Noise rock]]|[[Garage punk (fusion genre)|garage punk]]}}|length=8:15|label=Pitsbull Records|prev_title=[[It's a Burning Hell / No Place]]|prev_year=1992|next_title=[[Macht (Brainbombs single)|Macht]]|next_year=1998}}'''Anal Babes/Brainbombs''' is a split [[Single (music)|single]] from Swedish band [[Brainbombs]] and Norwegian band Anal Babes. The singles has 1 original song and 1 cover from both bands. Anal Babes covers "No Limit" by Belgian eurodance group 2 Unlimited and Brainbombs covers "[[That's the Way (I Like It)]]" by American disco group [[KC and the Sunshine Band]]. According to Jonas, the recording is an outtake from their first album.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1996|title=Alzheimer #2|url=https://geniusandbrutality.com/brainbombs/interv/alzheimer2eng.html|access-date=2023-12-04|website=geniusandbrutality.com}}</ref> Something to know is that the version of Obey on the 7" is a earlier version and much shorter than the one found on "[[Obey (Brainbombs album)|Obey]]".<ref>{{Citation|title=Anal Babes / Brainbombs - Anal Babes / Brainbombs|date=1994|url=https://www.discogs.com/release/860650-Anal-Babes-Brainbombs-Anal-Babes-Brainbombs|language=en|access-date=2023-12-03}}</ref> == Track listing == {{Tracklist|length1=3:00|title1=Face of Fear|length2=3:09|title2=No Limit|title3=Obey|length3=3:32|title4=That's the Way (I Like It)|length4=3:59|note1=Anal Babes|note2=Anal Babes|note3=Brainbombs|note4=Brainbombs|writer4=}} == References == <references /> [[Category:1995 albums]] [[Category:Brainbombs songs]] 46mpz70k8jz78gvcl3w8oowl62vuft0 0 1066938 10369440 9286455 2025-07-03T11:30:47Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 batch RFD 10369440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rfd|no notability expressed. Sources are either databases like Discogs, lyrics sites, or an interview with the band; nothing that established notability through secondary sources.|group=|request=Brainbombs songs and EPs|year=}} {{Infobox album | name = Macht | type = EP | artist = [[Brainbombs]] | released = 1998 | genre = {{hlist|[[Noise rock]]|[[garage punk (fusion genre)|garage punk]]}} | label = Wabana Ore Limited | prev_title = [[Obey (Brainbombs album)|Obey]] | prev_year = 1996 | next_title = [[Brainbombs (1999 compilation)|Brainbombs]] | next_year = 1999 }} '''Macht''' (also known as '''Macht (Gun Court Singles Series)''' or '''Macht / B.L.E.E.D''') is an EP by Swedish noise rock band [[Brainbombs]]. It is apart of the 7" series "Gun Court Singles Series" by Wabana Ore Limited.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gun Court Singles Series|url=https://www.discogs.com/label/426777-Gun-Court-Singles-Series|access-date=2023-12-03|website=Discogs|language=en}}</ref> On the EP, both songs are mono but on the [[Brainbombs (1999 compilation)|Singles Collection]] they are stereo.<ref>{{Citation|title=Brainbombs - Macht (Gun Court Singles Series)|date=1998|url=https://www.discogs.com/release/622456-Brainbombs-Macht-Gun-Court-Singles-Series|language=en|access-date=2023-12-03}}</ref> == Track list == {{Tracklist|title1=Macht|length1=5:11|note1=A|title2=B.L.E.E.D|length2=4:06|note2=B}} == References == <references /> [[Category:1998 albums]] [[Category:Brainbombs albums]] [[Category:Rock albums]] eophpj5ovvnvhh3mskpgmchag5gwrld 0 1067030 10369437 9286461 2025-07-03T11:30:23Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 batch RFD 10369437 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rfd|no notability expressed. Sources are either databases like Discogs, lyrics sites, or an interview with the band; nothing that established notability through secondary sources.|group=|request=Brainbombs songs and EPs|year=}} {{Infobox song|name=It's a Burning Hell|type=single|artist=[[Brainbombs]]|A-side=It's a Burning Hell|B-side=No Place|released=1992|genre={{hlist|[[Noise rock]]|[[Garage punk (fusion genre)|garage punk]]}}|length=8:15|label=Big Ball Records|prev_title=[[Anne Frank (Brainbombs single)|Anne Frank]]|prev_year=1990|next_title=[[Anal Babes/Brainbombs]]|next_year=1994}}'''It's A Burning Hell / No Place''' is a single released by Swedish band Brainbombs. The single was released in Norway by Big Ball Records in 1992 before [[Burning Hell (Brainbombs album)|Burning Hell]] and features a different mix of It's a Burning Hell. (dubbed the "Norwegian version")<ref>{{Citation|title=Brainbombs - It's A Burning Hell / No Place|date=1992|url=https://www.discogs.com/release/27220032-Brainbombs-Its-A-Burning-Hell-No-Place|language=en|access-date=2023-12-04}}</ref> == Track listing == {{Tracklist|title1=It's a Burning Hell|note1="Norwegian mix"|length1=4:47|title2=No Place|note2=|length2=3:28|total_length=8:15}} == References == <references /> [[Category:Rock albums]] [[Category:1992 albums]] [[Category:Brainbombs songs]] kqwoxb65tn9q84bncx8lhnamtpd90de 0 1067038 10369436 9286462 2025-07-03T11:30:10Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 batch RFD 10369436 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rfd|no notability expressed. Sources are either databases like Discogs, lyrics sites, or an interview with the band; nothing that established notability through secondary sources.|group=|request=Brainbombs songs and EPs|year=}} {{Infobox song|name=Anne Frank|type=single|artist=[[Brainbombs]]|A-side=* "Anne Frank" * "No Guilt"|released=1990|genre={{hlist|[[Noise rock]]|[[Garage punk (fusion genre)|garage punk]]}}|label=Big Brothel Records|lyricist=Dan Råberg|prev_title=[[Jack The Ripper Lover / No End (Brainbombs single)|Jack the Ripper Lover]]|prev_year=1989|next_title=[[It's a Burning Hell / No Place]]|next_year=1992}}'''Anne Frank''' is a single released by Swedish noise rock band [[Brainbombs]] in 1990 by Big Brothel Records.<ref>{{Citation|title=Brainbombs - Anne Frank|date=1990|url=https://www.discogs.com/master/372888-Brainbombs-Anne-Frank|language=en|access-date=2023-12-04}}</ref> With the songs, the record also features a blank B-side.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brainbombs discography|url=https://geniusandbrutality.com/brainbombs/discog.html|access-date=2023-12-04|website=geniusandbrutality.com}}</ref> Anne Frank's lyrical content is very dark. As it talks about killing, raping and mutilating her.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anne Frank lyrics|url=https://geniusandbrutality.com/brainbombs/annefrank/lyrics.html|access-date=2023-12-04|website=geniusandbrutality.com}}</ref> The song is also sung by Jonas rather than Peter, because "he [Peter] was so badly hung over he couldn't make it."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alzheimer #2|url=https://geniusandbrutality.com/brainbombs/interv/alzheimer2eng.html|access-date=2023-12-04|website=geniusandbrutality.com}}</ref> == Track listing == {{Tracklist|note1=|title1=Anne Frank|length1=4:38|title2=No Guilt|length2=3:40|note2=|title3=Untitled|length3=0:00|note3=blank b-side}} == References == <references /> '''[[Category:1990 albums]] [[Category:Rock albums]]''' [[Category:Brainbombs songs]] j5bft50fpiht3nsgqxxhpg42gnr0wsl 0 1067041 10369438 9253174 2025-07-03T11:30:32Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 batch RFD 10369438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rfd|no notability expressed. Sources are either databases like Discogs, lyrics sites, or an interview with the band; nothing that established notability through secondary sources.|group=|request=Brainbombs songs and EPs|year=}} {{Infobox album | name = Live Action at ROCK ALL, Oslo | type = live | artist = [[Brainbombs]] | released = 1994 | recorded = 20th May 1993 | venue = ROCK ALL, Oslo | genre = {{hlist|[[Noise rock]]|[[garage punk (fusion genre)|garage punk]]}} | length = 9:41 | label = Big Ball Records | prev_title = [[Burning Hell (Brainbombs album)|Burning Hell]] | prev_year = 1992 | next_title = [[Genius and Brutality... Taste and Power]] | next_year = 1994 }} '''''Live Action at ROCK ALL, Oslo''''' is a live EP by Brainbombs. It was released in 1994 by Big Ball Records in Norway, then re-released on the "[[Brainbombs (1999 compilation)|Singles Compilation]]" in 1999. The performance has Jonas, the guitarist, on vocals rather than their usual vocalist, Peter. The band also had to get recording engineer, Birger Thorburn to play as a backup guitarist as Jonas could not sing and play at the same time.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=1996|title=Alzheimer #2|url=https://geniusandbrutality.com/brainbombs/interv/alzheimer2eng.html|access-date=2023-12-04|website=geniusandbrutality.com}}</ref> The band plays each song faster in tempo than their studio versions, except for Stacy, which is an unreleased song. According to Jonas, there were around 54 people in attendance.<ref name=":0" /> Jonas has also said this is not the full concert, as "David" for Big Ball Records said some songs were "too muffled."<ref name=":0" /> From the two concerts, songs "Urge to Kill", "Danny Was a Streetwhore", "Stacy" (different version) and "Tired and Bloody" were later released on the 2007 compilation, Brainbombs. == Track listing == === Side one === # "No Guilt" - 1:44 # "Wishing a Slow Death" - 03:12 === Side two === # "Stacy" - 02:28 # "Burning Hell" - 02:17 == Personnel == * Jonas Tiljander - [[Singer|vocals]] * Birger Thorburn - [[guitar]] * Lanchy Orre - [[guitar]] * Drajan Bryngelsson - [[Drum kit|drums]] == References == <references /> [[Category:1994 EPs]] [[Category:1994 albums]] [[Category:Rock albums]] [[Category:Brainbombs albums]] 9lnw8poyy6wcr2g81mb0bw5kn4qh4wl 0 1067266 10368738 10323659 2025-07-03T02:25:28Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368738 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} {{Infobox video game | title = Grand Theft Auto VI | image = Grand Theft Auto VI logo (with gradient).svg | developer = [[Rockstar Studios]] | publisher = [[Rockstar Games]] | series = ''[[Grand Theft Auto]]'' | released = May 26, 2026 | genre = [[Action adventure game|Action-adventure]] | modes = [[Single player]], [[multiplayer]] | platforms = }} '''''Grand Theft Auto VI''''' is an upcoming 2026 [[video game]]. It is going to be [[Video game publisher|published]] by [[Rockstar Games]] and [[Video game developer|developed]] by [[Rockstar Studios]]. It will be the eighth main game in the ''[[Grand Theft Auto]]'' series,<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/gta-6-confirmed|access-date=December 4, 2023|title=GTA 6 Confirmed: Rockstar Finally Says It's in Development|publisher=[[IGN]]}}</ref> following ''[[Grand Theft Auto V]]''. Rockstar Games announced that the game would be released in autumn of 2025,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Perry|first=Alex|date=2024-05-16|title='GTA 6' 2025 release date window confirmed by Rockstar Games|url=https://mashable.com/article/grand-theft-auto-6-release-date-confirmed-rockstar-games|access-date=2024-05-30|website=Mashable|language=en}}</ref> but this has been postponed to May 26, 2026.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Warren|first=Tom|date=2025-05-02|title=Grand Theft Auto VI release delayed to May 2026|url=https://www.theverge.com/news/660057/grand-theft-auto-6-release-date-delay-may-2026|access-date=2025-05-02|website=The Verge|language=en-US}}</ref> In July 2022, it was reported that the main characters of ''Grand Theft Auto VI'' would be both a man and a woman named Lucia, with their characters being influenced by criminal duo [[Bonnie and Clyde]]. It was also revealed that the game will take place in Vice City.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/gta-6-will-take-place-in-miami-and-feature-a-female-protagonist-its-claimed/|access-date=December 4, 2023|title=GTA 6 'will take place in Miami and feature a female protagonist', it's claimed|publisher=[[Video Games Chronicle]]}}</ref> On September 18, 2022, a [[Internet leak|leak]] was released and was later confirmed to be real by Rockstar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/9/18/23359156/gta-6-leak-gameplay-footage-90-videos|access-date=December 4, 2023|title=GTA 6 gameplay leaks online in 90 videos|publisher=[[The Verge]]}}</ref> In the leak, there were 90 videos posted which showed footage of the game in a work-in-progress state.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/games/2022/sep/19/grand-theft-auto-6-leak-who-hacked-rockstar-and-what-was-stolen|access-date=December 4, 2023|title=Grand Theft Auto 6 leak: who hacked Rockstar and what was stolen?|publisher=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> A 17-year-old from [[Oxfordshire]] who is believed to have posted the leak under the username "teapotuberhacker" was arrested on 22 September.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eurogamer.net/suspected-gta-hacker-teen-held-in-youth-detention-centre|access-date=December 4, 2023|title=Grand Theft Auto 6 hacker teen suspect held in youth detention centre|publisher=[[Eurogamer]]}}</ref> A judge would sentence him to an indefinite [[hospital order]] since he said that he would still do [[cybercrime]] if he was released.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-67663128|access-date=January 12, 2024|title=Lapsus$: GTA 6 hacker handed indefinite hospital order|publisher=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> On December 4, 2023, Rockstar released an official trailer for the game and revealed that the release date was expected to be in 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.polygon.com/23981659/gta-6-trailer-watch-rockstar-games-leak|access-date=December 4, 2023|title=Grand Theft Auto 6's first trailer is here|publisher=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]]}}</ref> == Setting == The game takes place in several counties in the State of Leonida, including Vice-Dale County (home to the neon-soaked streets of Vice City). To date, three counties have been identified by name via trailers and promotional material. The entire playable area of Leonida has yet to be officially revealed.<ref name=":0" /> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{official|https://www.rockstargames.com/VI}} {{Grand Theft Auto}} {{video-game-stub}} [[Category:2026]] [[Category:Upcoming video games]] [[Category:Grand Theft Auto|VI]] [[Category:2020s video games]] [[Category:Action-adventure games]] [[Category:Open-world video games]] [[Category:Organized crime video games]] [[Category:PlayStation 5 games]] [[Category:Xbox Series X and Series S games]] 6y2kjuv6rhcg57wt7fuo75m8ikpryg8 0 1067272 10368696 9464568 2025-07-03T02:10:01Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Early Life and Career */ typo: duplication 10368696 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Philippe Pinel''' was a [[France|French]] [[Physician|doctor]] who is known as the father of [[Psychiatry]]. == Early Life and Career == Pinel was born in Southern France in 1745. He studied at the University of Toulouse before becoming a doctor in 1778. He then moved to [[Paris]] and spent the next fifteen years working as a translator. In 1784, he started editing La Gazette de Santé, a magazine about medicine. Then a friend of his killed himself so Pinel wanted to understand [[Madness]]. He got a job at a [[Mental hospital]] where he worked for five years. After the [[French Revolution]], he was put in charge of the [[Bicetre Hospital]] == Bicetre == Pinel wanted to help the 200 patients who were [[Madness|insane]] so he talked to his boss [[Jean-Baptiste Pussin]]. Together they came up with ways to treat [[Madness|mental illness]] that didn’t use [[violence]] and which was based mostly on [[therapy]]. At the time, the [[Mental illness|mentally ill]] were chained to the walls but Pinel and Pussin got rid of the chains. Pinel also made sure to talk to every patient to understand their history and what their problems were. == Four Types of Mental Disorder == Pinel said there were four different kinds of [[Mental disorder|madness]]. The first was called [[melancholia]] which Pinel said meant either [[Narcissism]] or [[Depression (mental illness)|Depression.]] The second was called [[Antisocial personality disorder|Madness without Delirium]]. Pinel said that meant that a person who looked and acted like a completely normal person who was [https://wiktionary.org/sanity sane] would still do very violent things without any [[remorse]]. (This would later be renamed [[Psychopathy]].) The third was [[Dementia]] which Pinel said not being able to get new memories. The fourth was called Idiotism, it meant not being able to think and usually also being bad at speaking and feeling very strong emotions completely randomly. == Influence == Pinel made the idea that [[Madness]] was actually [[Mental illness]] and people with it needed help and [[compassion]] a popular idea. [[Michel Foucault]] hated Pinel and thought that Pinel made things worse. {{Biography-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pinel, Philippe}} [[Category:French psychiatrists]] r1mrg6xa4v6idvzml7cw5r2725g2lij 0 1068717 10368625 9620506 2025-07-03T01:11:30Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* History */ Typo: duplication 10368625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Fortville, Indiana | official_name = | settlement_type = [[Town]] | image_skyline = Fortville, Indiana.jpg | imagesize = 290px | image_caption = View of Main St at Pearl St | image_map = File:Hamilton County and Hancock County Indiana Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Fortville Highlighted 1824286.svg | mapsize = 250px | map_caption = Location of Fortville in Hancock County, Indiana. | coordinates = {{coord|39|56|5|N|85|50|50|W|region:US-IN|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | subdivision_name = United States | subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Indiana]] | subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Indiana|County]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Hancock County, Indiana|Hancock]] | subdivision_type3 = [[List of townships in Indiana|Township]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Vernon Township, Hancock County, Indiana|Vernon]] | established_date = 1865 | government_type = | leader_title1 = [[Town Council]] | leader_name1 = | leader_title2 = [[Town Manager]] | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = Clerk-Treasurer | leader_name3 = <!-- Area --> | unit_pref = Imperial | area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_18.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=March 16, 2022}}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 8.96 | area_total_sq_mi = 3.46 | area_land_km2 = 8.94 | area_land_sq_mi = 3.45 | area_water_km2 = 0.02 | area_water_sq_mi = 0.01 | area_note = | elevation_m = 261 | elevation_ft = 856 | population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2020"/> | population_total = 4784 | population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]] | population_est = | pop_est_as_of = | population_density_km2 = 535.39 | population_density_sq_mi = 1386.67 | population_note = | timezone = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|EST]] | utc_offset = -5 | timezone_DST = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|EDT]] | utc_offset_DST = -4 | postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]] | postal_code = 46040 | area_code = [[Area code 317|317]] | blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]] | blank_info = 18-24286<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2008-01-31 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref> | blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID | blank1_info = 0434692<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|access-date=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=2007-10-25}}</ref> | website = {{URL|http://www.fortvilleindiana.org/|fortvilleindiana.org}} | footnotes = |pop_est_footnotes = }} [[File:Fortville downtown.jpg|thumb|Fortville downtown]] [[File:Fortville Indiana.jpg|thumb|Fortville Indiana]] [[File:Fortville water tower.jpg|thumb|Water tower in Fortville Indiana]] '''Fortville''' is a small town in the [[Vernon Township, Hancock County, Indiana|Vernon Township]] area. Its district is [[Hancock County, Indiana|Hancock County]], [[Indiana]], United States. The population was 4,784 at the [[2020 United States Census|2020 census]].<ref name="Census 2020">{{Cite web |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALDP2020.DP1?g=160XX00US1824286 |title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2020 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Fortville town, Indiana |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=February 15, 2024}}</ref> ==Geography== Fortville is in the northwest corner of [[Hancock County, Indiana]] aligned to the neighboring [[Hamilton County, Indiana|Hamilton County]], which forms the northwest boundary and [[Madison County, Indiana|Madison County]], which borders to the north. It's estimated 25 miles northeast of [[Indianapolis, Indiana|Indianapolis]] and is a part of the [[Indianapolis metropolitan area|Indianapolis Metropolitan Area]]. The 2010 census says, Fortville has a total area of 2.91 sq mi, of which 2.9 sq mi is land and .01 sq mi is water. Even with rare droughts throughout central Indiana, Fortville has a stable and trustworthy supply of water because it is situated over a natural aquifer. ==History== In 1849, Fortville was originally called Walpole. It was named for [[Cephas Fort]], the original owner of the town's grounds. Fortville was incorporated as a town and renamed in 1865. The most historic piece is the [[Browne-Rafert House]] on Merrill Street was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 2015. ==Demographics== {{US Census population |1870= 387 |1880= 634 |1890= 685 |1900= 1006 |1910= 1174 |1920= 1213 |1930= 1289 |1940= 1463 |1950= 1786 |1960= 2209 |1970= 2460 |1980= 2787 |1990= 2690 |2000= 3444 |2010= 3929 |2020= 4784 |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref> }} ===2020 census=== As of the [[census]] of 2020, there were 4,784 people, 1,970 households, and 1,302 families living in the town. The [[population density|population]] was {{convert|1506.8|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 2,057 housing units at an average housing density of {{convert|647.9|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The race percentages of the town was 89.2% [[White Americans|White]], 1.8% [[African Americans|Black]], 0.3% [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]], 0.9% [[Asian Americans|Asian]], 1.7% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 6.0% from two or more races. There were 1,970 households, 34.6% had children under 18 living with them, 45.0% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 28.2% had a female house keeper with no husband present, 18.7% had a male house keeper with no wife present, and 33.9% were non-families. 27.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years or older. The average household size was 2.43 people. The median age in the town was 35.3 years. 25.7% of residents were under 18, 8.2% were between 18 and 24, 28.7% were from 25 to 44, 23.9% were from 45 to 64; and 13.6% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48.5% male and 51.5% female.<ref name="Census 2020"/><ref name="P16">{{cite web|title=P16: HOUSEHOLD TYPE|url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALDHC2020.P16?g=160XX00US1824286|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=February 16, 2024}}</ref> ==Parks== Landmark Park is located at Staat St and Veteran's Court, just East of Main Street. The entrance to Memorial Park is located just west of Church and McCarty streets. ==Education== The town house schools for the Mt. Vernon Comm Schools Coorp. The district houses three elementary schools, one middle school, and one high school. The schools usually receive an A+ score from the State of Indiana. The town has a library, the Fortville-Vernon Township Public Library. == Economy == Fortvilles historic downtown is home to local retailers, restaurants, and service providers. The downtown is also an attraction for arts and culture. == References == {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *[http://www.fortvilleindiana.org/ Town website] *[http://www.fmacoc.com Fortville/McCordsville Chamber of Commerce] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514054044/https://www.fmacoc.com/ |date=2023-05-14 }} *[http://www.city-data.com/city/Fortville-Indiana.html/ City Data] {{Hancock County, Indiana}} {{Indianapolis Metro}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Towns in Indiana]] e24draktn1gv440avqb5be9oo15mnpe 0 1071764 10368372 10076970 2025-07-02T22:23:26Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10368372 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = Anambra State Children's Parliament | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | logo = | logo_size = | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | map2 = | map2_size = | map2_alt = | map2_caption = | abbreviation = | nickname = | pronounce = | pronounce ref = | pronounce comment = | pronounce 2 = | named_after = | motto = ''Giving Voice to Ideas'' | predecessor = | merged = | successor = | formation = {{start date and age|2005|06|20}} | founder = [[Virginia Etiaba]] | founding_location = [[Anambra State]] | extinction = <!-- use {{end date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | merger = | type = | tax_id = <!-- or | vat_id = (for European organizations) --> | registration_id = <!-- for non-profit org --> | status = | purpose = To protect the rights of Anambra State Children | professional_title = | headquarters = [[Awka]], [[Anambra State]] | location = | location2 = | additional_location = | playstore_app = | additional_location2= | coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LON|display=inline, title}} --> | origins = | region = | products = | services = | methods = | fields = | membership = | membership_year = 3 | language = | owner = [[Governor of Anambra State]] | sec_gen = <!-- or | gen_sec for General Secretary --> | leader_title = [[The Right Honourable]] | leader_name = [[Victory Ekwunife]] | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | board_of_directors = | key_people = | main_organ = | parent_organization = | subsidiaries = | secessions = | affiliations = | budget = | budget_year = | revenue = | revenue_year = | disbursements = | expenses = | expenses_year = | endowment = | endowment_year = | staff = | staff_year = | volunteers = | volunteers_year = | students = | students_year = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | remarks = | formerly = | footnotes = | bodystyle = }} '''Anambra State Children's Parliament''' is a [[Non-governmental organization]] in [[Anambra State]], Nigeria. It was founded in 2005. ==History== The parliament is made up of members from the 21 [[local government area]] of the state. They work under the ministry of Women Affairs and Social Development, Awka. ==Advocacy== The organisation is known to pass a resolution to the governor for the children of Anambra State. In 2022, the parliament passed a resolution to [[Charles Chukwuma Soludo]] to implement ''Child's Right Law'' in the State.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sunnewsonline.com/childrens-day-anambra-govt-childrens-parliament-to-come-to-the-aid-of-children/|work=sunnewsonline.com|title= Children's Day: Anambra govt, Children's Parliament to come to the aid of children}}</ref> In 2023, they also advocated for the girl child education in South East of [[Nigeria]].<ref name=DAN /> They also passed a resolution for a strong media campaign against [[child abuse]], [[child marriage]] amongst children in [[Anambra State]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://von.gov.ng/anambra-childrens-parliament-calls-for-campaign-against-child-abuse-marriage/|title=Anambra Children’s Parliament Calls For Campaign Against Child Abuse, Marriage|author=Chinwe Onuigbo|work=von.gov.ng|location=Awka}}</ref> ==Leadership== The organization is under the Anambra State Ministry of Women Affairs and Social development. ===List of Speakers=== * Edden-Rex Abara * Faustina Okoye<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.absradiotv.com/2018/05/21/faustina-okoye-emerges-speaker-anambra-children-parliament/|title=Faustina Okoye Emerges Speaker Anambra Children Parliament|work=ABS {{!}} Anambra Broadcasting Service|access-date=30 December 2023}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Israel Udekwe (impeached) * Victory Ekwunife<ref name=DAN>{{cite web|url=https://dailynigerian.com/anambra-children-parliament/|title=Anambra children’s parliament advocates compulsory girl-child education in South East|author=Ibrahim Ramalan|work=dailynigerian.com|date=23 August 2023}}</ref> ==''Seventh Assembly (2018)''== The 7th Assembly was under the administration of [[Willie Obiano]] and Mrs Ndidi Mezue, the Commissioner for Social Welfare, Children and Women’s Affairs in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.absradiotv.com/2018/05/27/obiano-inaugurates-seventh-children-s-parliament/|title=Obiano Inaugurates Seventh Children’s Parliament|author=Ejike Abana|date=27 May 2018|work=Anambra State Broadcasting Service}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The elected speaker was Faustina Mary Okoye.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dailytimesng.com/anambra-celebrates-2019-day-of-the-african-child/|title=Anambra celebrates 2019 day of the African child|date=23 June 2019|author=Ihesiulo Grace|work=Daily Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/tdpel-news-9yuv/20210531/281552293777892|title= Obiano Calls For Collective Action To Promote Quality Education|work=Pressreader}}</ref> ==''Eight Assembly (2022)''== The 8th Assembly was held under the administration of [[Charles Chukwuma Soludo]] and Ify Obinabo, the state Commissioner for women Affairs and Social Development. Israel Udekwe was elected into office in 2022 by Hon. Nonso Smart Okafor who is a member representing Nnewi North Constituency in Anambra State House of Assembly.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anaedoonline.ng/2022/03/11/nonso-smart-okafor-inaugurate-anambra-state-children-parliament/|title=Nonso Smart Okafor Inaugurate Anambra State Children Parliament|author=Brown Ebubechukwuzuloke|work=anaedoonline.ng|access-date=2023-12-30|archive-date=2024-04-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424115931/https://www.anaedoonline.ng/2022/03/11/nonso-smart-okafor-inaugurate-anambra-state-children-parliament/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * [https://m.facebook.com/people/Anambra-State-Childrens-Parliament-8th-Assembly/ Facebook Page] * [https://von.gov.ng/tag/anambra-state-children-parliament/ Archives of Anambra State Children's Parliament Data] [[Category:Non-governmental organizations]] [[Category:Organizations based in Nigeria]] cofxi3p460o9g6nkprn5nc8mit8bjsn 3 1072633 10367924 10366538 2025-07-02T16:58:30Z Davey2010 314522 /* "Vandalism" */ new section 10367924 wikitext text/x-wiki == Welcome == Hello, '''BigKrow''', and [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome]] to the '''Simple English Wikipedia'''! Thank you for [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|your changes]]. You may want to begin by reading these pages: * [[Help:Contents|Help]] * [[Wikipedia:Rules|Rules]] * [[Wikipedia:Useful|Links to useful pages]] * [[Wikipedia:How to write Simple English pages|How to write Simple English pages]] * [[Wikipedia:How to copy from another Wikipedia|How to copy from another Wikipedia]] For some ideas of pages to work on, read [[Wikipedia:Requested pages]] or the [[Special:Wantedpages|list of wanted pages]]. You can [[Wikipedia:Be bold in updating pages|change any pages you want!]] Any changes you make can be seen right away. You can ask questions at [[Wikipedia:Simple talk]]. At the end of your messages on talk pages, please sign your name by clicking [[File:Insert-signature.svg]] or using four [[tilde]]s <nowiki>(~~~~)</nowiki>; this will show your username and the date. If you need help just <span class="plainlinks">'''[http://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Mytalk&action=edit&section=new click here]'''</span> and type '''<nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki>''' and your question and someone will reply to you shortly. Good luck and happy changing! <!-- Template:Welcome --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 03:10, 28 December 2023 (UTC) :Thanks! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 04:14, 28 December 2023 (UTC) == February 2024 == [[Image:information.svg|30px|left]]Hey there, BigKrow! Here are a few good ideas that you can use to help making articles in the future: *If the article that you made is under 1,500 characters, please add the {{tl|stub}} template into the article near the end (below the "Other websites" section, and below any categories). This will let other editors know that it is a short article that needs to be made longer. *If you have no idea what [[Wikipedia:Categories|categories]] an article that you begin should go under, please add the {{tl|uncat}} template to the article. This will let other editors know that you need help categorizing the article properly. Thanks for reading this long message, and happy changing here on Simple English Wikipedia!<!--Template:Uw-newarticle--> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 07:16, 3 February 2024 (UTC) :Thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:28, 13 February 2024 (UTC) == Quick deletion == Hi there. Please make sure to provide a reason to delete the article you are requesting speedy deletion of, with the reason being one of the criteria listed on the [[WP:DEL|deletion policy]]. You can format it as {{tlx|sd|a1}} for example. Thanks, --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]])</small> 22:21, 13 February 2024 (UTC) :Thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:28, 13 February 2024 (UTC) == Please provide reasons for deletion requests == Hello, at [[:en:n:special:diff/4763486]], an admin has requested you to provide valid reasons for your deletion requests. Please remember that the same manner is expected in all Wikimedia projects including here. Please also note that deletion requests without reasons may be rejected. For valid reasons for our project, please see [[WP:QD]]. In addition, SD tags must come to the top, not the bottom. If you add tags to the bottom, admins have to scroll to the end of the page. Thank you for helping simplewiki. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 01:47, 26 February 2024 (UTC) : Again, please provide reasons for deletion requests. If you don't know how to write them, feel free to ask questions. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:22, 21 March 2024 (UTC) == [[Wikipedia:Twinkle]] == Please consider using this, this can help your deletion requests. It is widely used in our project and enwiki. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:00, 26 February 2024 (UTC) == Deletion requests == I was processing current deletion requests and noticed that your request for Dj Tubet was not listed at [[WP:Deletion requests]]. When you create a deletion request, you must list it there or it will not be processed. I will put it there, but please be sure to do that yourself for any that you create in the future. Thanks. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 12:54, 1 March 2024 (UTC) == Drug dog == Two things: # Do you think [[Drug dog]] should be redirected to [[Police dog]]? # A user who created an article is usually allowed to blank it (especially if they just recently created it). This is taken to mean that they accept it being deleted, and it can be deleted under {{tl|Qd-author}}. [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 17:46, 6 March 2024 (UTC) :Drug sniffing dog or police dog sounds fine, what do you think? Thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:49, 6 March 2024 (UTC) ::I mean we already have an article about [[police dog]]s, and a drug-sniffing dog is one kind of police dog, but maybe the page [[drug dog]] isn't yet long enough to be a separate article. [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 17:51, 6 March 2024 (UTC) :::RFD? [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:52, 6 March 2024 (UTC) ::::I'll just redirect it. [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 17:52, 6 March 2024 (UTC) :::::k. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:53, 6 March 2024 (UTC) == Hey == Just wanted to let you know I did a test on my rollback as a script seemed to be blocking it. I reverted it back to your edit with the qd tag on it. Did not want you to be confused. Thanks - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 14:59, 2 April 2024 (UTC) :No problem! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:08, 2 April 2024 (UTC) ::So what do you think now? [[Erich von Manstein]] Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 17:04, 2 April 2024 (UTC) :::Looks great!!! Thank you!!! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:35, 2 April 2024 (UTC) == Linking == Hey BigKrow, To let you know we do not link to common terms that are universally known. I saw you relinked Village, Saskatchewan, and Canada in [[La Loche shootings]]. Saskatchewan I feel is ok, because not everyone will know will that is, but every person knows a a country and a village. Are you ok if I remove the links to those 2? Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 21:31, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :Yes [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:32, 3 April 2024 (UTC) ::Ok done. Also, I do not know if we have the full version here, but this is the en wiki version [[:w:Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking|Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking]]. ::Our exceptions: ::#We want redlinks galore (en wiki does not and hates them!) - Helps to find out what pages need to be created via [[Special:WantedPages]] (you may find something in there you want to write about too) I have found a few I do when I get time) ::#Common terms that everyone knows (like the two I mentioned) we do not do. Our goal is to keep it simple and if we link to all common terms, then we take the reader off of that article to another one to find out they already know what a village is, what a police force is, what the internet is, etc. ::There is a link and a conversation somewhere that I cannot recall at the moment as I am working on an article for someone and doing a review, but I figured this can be helpful for you. Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 21:42, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :::Thank you for being kind to me even though I was being an arse to you.... [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:45, 3 April 2024 (UTC) ::::Hey it is all good. Things happen and they go away. We all make mistakes and we learn from them. Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 21:55, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :::{{tps}} I think Simple English Wikipedia is different because we can only assume people know the words on [[WP:Basic English combined wordlist]], and [[Canada]] and [[village]] aren't on that list, so it would be okay to link them. [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 21:45, 3 April 2024 (UTC) ::::Ok you two please work matters out, ty. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:46, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :::::@[[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] :::::Village - [[Wikipedia:VOA_Special_English_Word_Book]] :::::As far as Canada, per MOS we do not link well known countries, however, we can link to the article [[Saskatchewan|Saskatchewan, Canada]] which makes more sense (actually I will make that change now). See [[Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Places]], [[Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Wikilinking]] :::::We do not strictly use the 850 or 1500 word books as other things come into play, like the link above on the VOA. Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 22:08, 3 April 2024 (UTC) ::::::I understand, thanks! [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 22:09, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :::::::@[[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] Anytime. Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 22:10, 3 April 2024 (UTC) == Regarding your recent edit. == Hey @[[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]], I saw you added {{tl|complex}} template on [[Kanyakubja Brahmin]]. I edited this article with as easy english as it can be. Can you exactly point out or explain which part of this article may not be easy for everybody to understand so that i can try to make it easier? [[User:Hong Wei Qin|Hong Wei Qin]] ([[User talk:Hong Wei Qin|talk]]) 00:33, 8 April 2024 (UTC) :Fixed template syntax, please use tl in future. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 01:07, 8 April 2024 (UTC) == Please avoid user page creations like [[special:redirect/logid/2686748]] == You have no reason to make user pages for others, and the username is unacceptable. You are just increasing admin jobs, and it is not helpful. Please avoid userpage creations like this in the future. Thank you for your attention. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 01:06, 8 April 2024 (UTC) == Concerns of unacceptable edit summaries in your recent edits == For example, [[special:diff/9466778]] includes an unacceptable username in the edit summary. In order to avoid this situation. You may want to use manual reverts instead of automated reverts generating problematic edit summaries. I hope this can help you. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 01:13, 8 April 2024 (UTC) == Reporting == When reporting users please use twinkle or else it doesn’t post correctly on the VIP board. Also to prevent other formatting issues please use it to warn other users as the templates you are using do not work and have to be substituted. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 03:57, 8 April 2024 (UTC) == [[Boletus edulis]] == I am done with it now. We had a few edit conflicts. If you see I am working on or just made an edit, I might still be working on it. If you could just wait and if you do not see me make a change within about 5 minutes, then I am probably done. Sometimes, especially with species, I have to make a template to correct an error or I am transferring something over from enwp to fix it. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 02:10, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :Understood, thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:10, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::No worries :) Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 02:11, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == Our [[template:warn]] is different from English Wikinews == Please have a careful look at the template, and choose the right template for each situation. Thank you for your attention. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:50, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :Gotcha, thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:51, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Charles Robinson (actor, born 1945)== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Charles Robinson (actor, born 1945)]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Charles Robinson (actor, born 1945)}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#g2|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 03:03, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == [[We Ride]] == Hi, not sure if you know how to fix this, but the cite av media note reference is throwing errors and does not give me much information on how to fix it. If you want to take a look and can fix it, please do and then ping me so I can see what you did. Thanks. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 15:07, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :I'm sorry I messed it up and I don't know how to restore it... apologies. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 15:09, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:PotsdamLamb|PotsdamLamb]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 15:09, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::You did not mess it up. I was working on fixing the references. That is one I do not know how to fix, as I have not worked with that template before. I will have to figure it out later. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 15:11, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == List of George Polk Award winners == Please give a reason why you [[special:diff/9471605|undid]] my correction of the [[Commonly misspelled words|misspelled]] ''miniscule'' to the correct spelling ''[[wikt:minuscule|minuscule]]''. Thank you. [[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] ([[User talk:Federhalter|talk]]) 16:32, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :I was mistaken sorry. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:33, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:33, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::@[[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] Just so you know neither version is simple English so it should be simplified anyways. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 16:36, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :::@[[User:PotsdamLamb|PotsdamLamb]] sorry. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:37, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::Now I see that I was wrong, because it is a quote and I did not follow [[WP:PUNC]] [[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] ([[User talk:Federhalter|talk]]) 17:08, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :::Ok no harm done. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:10, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:10, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == I’m confused == Why would you create [[Architecture in Stockholm]] and then tag it with ''it may not be notable enough'' to be on SEWP? There is a very in-depth article on [[:w:Architecture in Stockholm|ENWP]] with the same title. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 23:20, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == April 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, BigKrow. When you revert a user's changes, like you did earlier, don't forget to leave the user a message on their talk page, especially when reverting vandalism or a test edit. You may find [[Template:User talk page warnings/table]] useful when doing this, to let them know that the change was considered inappropriate, and to direct them to the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-warn --> ''Using twinkle will automatically do this for you with the right settings.'' Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 00:33, 12 April 2024 (UTC) == RfD vs. QD == So you know instead of filling up the RfD board, you can select an article for QD for not being notable as long as there are no claims to notability in the article or if someone disputes it claiming notability. Otherwise you can QD it and an admin will make the final decision. It may take a bit to get used to it. I’m bringing this up because of one of the articles I was going through (before I got sidetracked with vandalism reverts) got my attention. If you have any questions, please let me know. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 05:47, 12 April 2024 (UTC) == New pages == Hi there again. When you are creating new pages (like you did with [[Riki Choshu]]), they need to be complete and formatted properly. A one or two sentence article with an external link is not meant for this Wikipedia and can be subjected to QD and the more you make, the higher of a chance you get blocked for project disruption and making bad new pages. I recommend you look at [[Wikipedia:Guide to layout]] to see how these should be done. So please take a moment and review it and then work on the article. If you plan on making an bona-fide article, I recommend starting it in your userspace, then when completed move it to the mainspace. If you want reviews on an article, you are more than welcome to ask me directly on my talk page or you can ask on [[WP:ST|Simple Talk]]. While discussing on simple talk about enabling the new Mentor program here, one of our administrators had the following comment: {{blockquote|Also, please, please, PLEASE do not make it a goal to reach a certain number of articles. Every time we approach a big round number, we get a lot of minimal articles created just to inflate the number. A lot of those articles are of poor quality, and some even have to be deleted. -- Auntof6 (talk) 21:20, 12 April 2024 (UTC) (you can read the conversation here [[Wikipedia:Simple_talk#RfC_-_Turn_on_mentoring_system|Turn on mentoring system]]}} Your help in creating good articles would be appreciated as it is less work for other editors to have to do. As always, if you have any question, please feel free to ping me here or ask me on my page. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 01:23, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == [[User:BigKrow/1999 Sydney hailstorm]] == I moved the page 1999 Sydney hailstorm to your user space until you complete it. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 03:01, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == Notice == [[File:Information icon4.svg|32px]] Hello. This message is being sent to tell you that there is currently a discussion at [[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard]] regarding an issue with which you may have been involved. The thread is "[[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard#Issues with User:BigKrow|Issues with User:BigKrow]]". Thank you.<!--Template:AN-notice--> Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 04:29, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == Comments on another user talk == I saw the ping and conversation you left on another editors talk page about I need to stop interfering. They are correct in that you should post on my talk page and not theirs. So what seems to be the issue? Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 18:56, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == Very short articles == Hi, I've noticed that you've published some articles which are very short and don't contain a lot of content. I would suggest you to move them to your personal user pages, and once you have added substantial content, you can then put them into the mainspace. Remember, we want ''quality over quantity'' on Wikipedia. We don't want to create as much articles as possible because what really matters is the quality of articles. See featured articles as an example – they have a lot of info put into them and adhere to many article 'rules' on Wikipedia. Also, I suggest you to read the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]] so you know the formatting to articles, like references, citations, and etc. Happy changing! [[User:TheWikiCyclone|TheWikiCyclone]] ([[User talk:TheWikiCyclone|talk]]) 20:45, 13 April 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:TheWikiCyclone|TheWikiCyclone]] I'll try to start new articles with a good amount of information, apologies. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:46, 13 April 2024 (UTC) ::Thank you! 👍 [[User:TheWikiCyclone|TheWikiCyclone]] ([[User talk:TheWikiCyclone|talk]]) 21:00, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == Previous accounts == Hello. Have you used other accounts to edit the Simple English Wikipedia? Regards, [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 01:45, 14 April 2024 (UTC) :Yes, I m not going to deny that if thats the case block me for how ever long @[[User:Vermont|Vermont]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 01:47, 14 April 2024 (UTC) ::@[[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] Can you enlist all your previous usernames to make it more clear? [[User:DIVINE|<b style="color:#29F">DI</b><b style="color:red">V</b>]][[User talk:DIVINE|<b style="color:#080">I</b><b style="color:#808">N</b>]][[Special:Contribs/DIVINE|<b style="color:#FA0">E</b>]] 01:59, 14 April 2024 (UTC) :::I honestly don't remember@[[User:DIVINE|DIVINE]] because I suffer from mental illness sorry I would like to help [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:09, 15 April 2024 (UTC) ::::So how many other accounts have you used before. This a violation of the policies [[User:Darrenchant|Darrenchant]] ([[User talk:Darrenchant|talk]]) 12:35, 21 December 2024 (UTC) == [[Gate io Referans Kodu: 3930511]] == When an article is not in English here, please QD it as A5 "Not written in English." Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 20:33, 16 April 2024 (UTC) :K thnx [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:39, 16 April 2024 (UTC) [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, {{BASEPAGENAME}}! Here at Simple English Wikipedia, we use the section heading "Other websites" instead of English Wikipedia's "External links", which you used in "[[:Erich Kulke]]". This makes it simpler and easier to read. Please remember to use "Other websites" in pages that you create in the future. Thank you for your help!<!-- Template:Uw-otherweb --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 11:31, 18 April 2024 (UTC) :Thank you for telling me!!! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 15:38, 18 April 2024 (UTC) == Edit summaries == Hey when making an edit, even if minor, make sure to use the edit summary. Example is correcting spelling or grammar just use ce as the summary as that is a common term we understand. It means copy edit. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 02:41, 19 April 2024 (UTC) :Gotcha, thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:42, 19 April 2024 (UTC) == New article issues (again) == Hey when you bring over articles you need to include the references. You can also copy over the infoboxes from ENWP without issue. Always preview any article for any errors or in infoboxes look for any reflinks and fix the errors. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 23:44, 19 April 2024 (UTC) == QD A1 == Hello, QD A1 and other reasons in [[WP:AQD]] only apply to articles. For talk pages, please use reasons in [[WP:GQD]]. Thank you for your attention. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:53, 15 May 2024 (UTC) == Your warnings == If you are warning a user for making bad changes, use <nowiki>{{uw-vandalism1}}, {{uw-vandalism2}}, {{uw-vandalism3}}, and {{uw-vandalism4}}</nowiki>. Using <nowiki>{{warn}}</nowiki> instead tells them that they should warn other users when they undo their edits. I assume that's not what you meant to say. [[User:VirusDontKill|VirusDontKill]] ([[User talk:VirusDontKill|talk]]) 20:04, 14 August 2024 (UTC) :Thanks [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:16, 14 August 2024 (UTC) == My edit wasn't vandalism == I redirected a title which was missing a space to the correct title. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:E41D:46CD:505E:6D8E|2601:644:907E:A70:E41D:46CD:505E:6D8E]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:E41D:46CD:505E:6D8E|talk]]) 21:21, 14 December 2024 (UTC) :Ok. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:37, 14 December 2024 (UTC) == Hari Singh Bhangi == Can you tell me why you nominated Hari Singh Bhangi page you aren't even responding in discussion [[User:Jisshu|Jisshu]] ([[User talk:Jisshu|talk]]) 18:48, 20 December 2024 (UTC) :No Wikipedia page, {{ping|Jisshu}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:49, 20 December 2024 (UTC) ::he had Wikipedia page name hari Singh Dhillon [[User:Jisshu|Jisshu]] ([[User talk:Jisshu|talk]]) 18:50, 20 December 2024 (UTC) ::he was leader of Bhangi Misl so that's why he also refer as Hari Singh Bhangi[[User:Jisshu|Jisshu]] ([[User talk:Jisshu|talk]]) 18:51, 20 December 2024 (UTC) :::I moved it {{ping|Jisshu}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:55, 20 December 2024 (UTC) ::::thank you [[User:Jisshu|Jisshu]] ([[User talk:Jisshu|talk]]) 18:55, 20 December 2024 (UTC) == Repeated Vandalism == Hey Bigkrow, hope you’re doing good. There is a user https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Medicomonk&redlink=1 who is again and again vandalising pages as he did to the page ‘Anangpal Tomar’ and ‘Tomar’. I already warned the user to add information based on citations and not to cause vandalism inspite of that the user is constantly trying to do povpush. I reverted the changes made by this user but please intervine. Thank you [[User:HistorianAlferedo|HistorianAlferedo]] ([[User talk:HistorianAlferedo|talk]]) 20:08, 20 December 2024 (UTC) :{{ping|HistorianAlferedo}} At this point seek help from admins, thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:12, 20 December 2024 (UTC) == December 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Thank you for changing Wikipedia. We welcome all changes, but we can have only changes that are in [[Wikipedia:About|simple English]], and your new changes to "[[:Wamiqa Gabbi]]" were not simple. Please see [[Wikipedia:How to write Simple English pages]] so you can write more simply in the future. Thank you. <!-- Template:Uw-simple --> [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 13:05, 21 December 2024 (UTC) :{{ping|BZPN}} I'm pretty sure it was simplified. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:15, 21 December 2024 (UTC) ::It was not. I'm pretty sure that it was something like "She is pseudonym", which is actually nonsense. [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 19:19, 21 December 2024 (UTC) :::{{ping|BZPN}}, it was a typing error wow you fault me? [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:21, 21 December 2024 (UTC) ::::Maybe it was, but a reader could not understand it anyway. It was also unsourced. [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 19:36, 21 December 2024 (UTC) == Old St. Louis Mills QD == Hey, I have a question about the QD on [[Old St Louis Mills]] whilst the page is an obvious hoax, would that count as nonsense or a obvious hoax, or does that cover both? [[User:Jayden Johnson 2314|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:purple"> 𝙹.𝙹.</span>]][[User talk:Jayden Johnson 2314|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:black">𝕋𝕒𝕝𝕜 📬📧</span>]] 17:59, 22 December 2024 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Drake Maye== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Drake Maye]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Drake Maye}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 22:20, 22 December 2024 (UTC) == Maithili cinema == Why do you want, [[Maithili cinema]] should be remove? And why are you removing full stop? [[User:Smjdschool|Smjdschool]] ([[User talk:Smjdschool|talk]]) 11:32, 23 December 2024 (UTC) == The Crow Eaters == Please extend [[The Crow Eaters]] with references and more content. Otherwise, it may be deleted for not claiming notability. [[Special:Contributions/174.160.82.127|174.160.82.127]] ([[User talk:174.160.82.127|talk]]) 22:10, 29 December 2024 (UTC) == December 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, {{ROOTPAGENAME}}! Here at Simple English Wikipedia, we use the section heading "Other websites" instead of English Wikipedia's "External links". This makes it simpler and easier to read. Please remember to use "Other websites" in pages that you create in the future. Thank you for your help!<!-- Template:Uw-otherweb --> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 03:10, 31 December 2024 (UTC) :Thank you! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:04, 2 January 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Rozvi Empire== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Rozvi Empire]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Rozvi Empire]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Garudam|Garudam]] ([[User talk:Garudam|talk]]) 09:36, 3 January 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of The Crow Eaters== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:The Crow Eaters]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Crow Eaters]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Garudam|Garudam]] ([[User talk:Garudam|talk]]) 10:13, 3 January 2025 (UTC) == Deletion requests 2 == Hi, when you make an RfD, please list it at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion]]. I am hoping you can list [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fuller Road]] to show that you know how to do it. Thanks. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:E5B9:8B7B:A42C:77C|2601:644:907E:A70:E5B9:8B7B:A42C:77C]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:E5B9:8B7B:A42C:77C|talk]]) 21:25, 4 January 2025 (UTC) :If you don't add it then I can add it. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:4D8F:73EF:8E4A:F490|2601:644:907E:A70:4D8F:73EF:8E4A:F490]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:4D8F:73EF:8E4A:F490|talk]]) 02:05, 5 January 2025 (UTC) == January 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to Wikipedia. Your change to the page [[:Karkota dynasty]] worked, but because it had things in it which did not help improve the page, it was [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you would like to do more tests on Wikipedia, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. You may also want to read the [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome page]] to learn about helping the Simple English Wikipedia. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-test1 --> ''Kindly add the reason while the addition of maintenance tags, Thanks'' [[User:Shakib ul hassan|<span style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; color:black;">Shakib ul hassan</span>]] [[User talk:Shakib ul hassan|<span style="font-weight:bold; color:grey; font-size:90%; position:relative; top:-2px;"> talk!</span>]] 19:25, 6 January 2025 (UTC) == Mourning Doves == I saw the edit war on the [[Mourning Dove]] article, they aren't native or introduced in pakistan, and it's not mentioned anywhere, do you have a source that would say otherwise? [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:16, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :Yes. Http://www.earthlife.net [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:17, 10 January 2025 (UTC) ::Could you link the specific source instead of just the website itself? Also, I saw that you said you researched it using Copilot? Using copilot as a source is not reliable at all. [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:20, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :::https://earthlife.net/mourning-doves/ {{ping|RiggedMint}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:22, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :::I think copilot is, but if SEW doesn't accept it I won't use it, thanks {{ping|RiggedMint}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:24, 10 January 2025 (UTC) ::::You seem to be referencing another encyclopedic-like source, there still isn't a good source of these guys being in pakistan, as quoted in the supposed source: "''These doves have been introduced to Hawaii and Pakistan.''" This is not a good reliable source onto if mourning doves were actually introduced in pakistan. I think it needs more context onto if they are actually there, no? And if so, it only needs a simple mention on the article. It does not need a category, as it's not native to pakistan. [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:30, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :::::TL;DR, try to find a more reliable and more contextful source, then i'll think it'll be good. Just don't put it as a category without any context. [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:32, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :::::Okay apologies, sorry i didn't mean to cause problems. {{ping|RiggedMint}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:32, 10 January 2025 (UTC) ::::::Yeah, you're fine. [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:34, 10 January 2025 (UTC) == Edits == Hi BigKrow, So sorry for rollbacking you, We change conflicted and I lost everything so I rollbacked you hoping if I clicked back a few times after the system would then think your edits were never made if that makes sense, I'll be honest I paniced and didn't want to lose everything I just did but nonetheless so sorry for rollbacking you - thank you for adding the full stops to the article it's much appreciated :), I've reinstated your edits and have finished editing there so you're more than welcome to edit it again :), Thanks, Warm Regards, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 18:04, 11 January 2025 (UTC) :{{ping|Davey2010}}, no worries my friend. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:05, 11 January 2025 (UTC) == Talk == Hello. Please leave me messages directly on my talk page, not on my subpages. Thank you. Best regards, [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 22:45, 12 January 2025 (UTC) :Apologies next I will, thanks. {{ping|BZPN}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:46, 12 January 2025 (UTC) ::time I will sorry. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:47, 12 January 2025 (UTC) == RfD == Hello. Please, pay more attention to your RfD reports. The report should be properly justified and provide possible arguments for removal, but your latest RfDs sound more like nonsense ([[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yazidi Rebellion]], [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Raid on Ottoman trading routes]]). It is very important to help other editors understand the issues in the reported article. Thank you. Best regards, [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 11:18, 14 January 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Talk:Privilege== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Talk:Privilege]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Talk:Privilege}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#g1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:14, 14 January 2025 (UTC) == Thank log == Hi there, do you have any idea why did you thank this [[Special:Diff/10013764|edit]] when my status become offline? [[User:Thetree284|thetree284]] ([[User talk:Thetree284|talk]]) 02:35, 15 January 2025 (UTC) == El Jordan 23 == Hi, could you explain in a little more detail on your QD of this article? https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Jordan_23 [[User:Adelaideslement8723|<span style="color:purple">𝓐𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓭𝓮</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴]] ♡ [[Special:Contribs/Adelaideslement8723|𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓼]])</sup> 22:14, 15 January 2025 (UTC) == [[User talk:Melitensis77]] == Hi, why create a talkpage with just your sign?--[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:14, 16 January 2025 (UTC) == Kurdish genocide rfd == Hi, if you want to make more comments, you can add them at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kurdish Genocide (1915-1918)]]. Thanks. [[User:Tuscan Ant|Tuscan Ant]] ([[User talk:Tuscan Ant|talk]]) 20:39, 16 January 2025 (UTC) == Ayaz Syed == They've been reported to AN - don't bother reverting until an admin steps in on this. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 20:55, 16 January 2025 (UTC) :Ok. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:56, 16 January 2025 (UTC) :{{ping|Ravensfire}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:56, 16 January 2025 (UTC) == Im sorry == Please don't ban me I made a huge mistake! [[User:Coconut0330|Coconut0330]] ([[User talk:Coconut0330|talk]]) 21:20, 16 January 2025 (UTC) == Shirley, New York == Hi, the link you added on [[Shirley, New York]] isn't working for me. Does it work for you? [[User:Tuscan Ant|Tuscan Ant]] ([[User talk:Tuscan Ant|talk]]) 00:36, 17 January 2025 (UTC) :New link added. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:39, 17 January 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you. [[User:Tuscan Ant|Tuscan Ant]] ([[User talk:Tuscan Ant|talk]]) 00:40, 17 January 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Lenningen-Schopfloch== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Lenningen-Schopfloch]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Lenningen-Schopfloch}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#db|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:59, 17 January 2025 (UTC) == The fighting with Mr.Hanes == I over reacted it won't happen again due to my built up anger I lashed out... I should act like an adult and show people respect. {{ping|Davey2010}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:01, 18 January 2025 (UTC) :Imho you have nothing to apologise for and I don't believe you overreacted either. I understand why you blew your top any normal person would tbh. Anyway happy editing, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:16, 18 January 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you very much. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:39, 18 January 2025 (UTC) == Flood flag == Hi, Just an fyi regarding your flood flag message on Dream Indigo's talkpage; I can't speak for them but from my personal experience requesting the flood flag everytime I wanted to make repetitive edits was a long, tiresome and mentally draining battle that I always ended up losing. *I've had flood flag requests ignored for an entire day *I've had requests declined for silly reasons *And I recently asked an admin for the flag and was replied to 10 hours later (which I understand) So as you can see from my point of view, requesting flood flag is a waste of time and If I were to ask for this everytime I wanted to make those edits I would probably end up being years behind on things because I would have spent years either waiting for a reply or battling for it to be accepted!, I guess it might be a better idea to ignore when people flood recent changes as there may well be a valid reason as to why they're doing so, If it's a vandal sure but if it's long-established users then I probably wouldn't care, Anyway happy editing, Warm Regards, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 23:37, 18 January 2025 (UTC) == Explaining my focus on car articles == hello i think you saw my contribuitions but i am more focused on car articles i already did this when i was a good ip editor and i am focusing on making more car articles about honda maybe Acura and other brands (also i made the [[honda Fit]] article that is a good article btw and in the future i will probably contribuite on the portuguese Wikipedia) so i hope you understand that anyways good luck with your contribuitions best regards!. [[User:Automobile enthusiast|Automobile enthusiast]] ([[User talk:Automobile enthusiast|talk]]) 00:28, 19 January 2025 (UTC) == Declined QD - Naysila Mirdad == Hi there! I have declined your QD for Naysila Mirdad. In my opinion, it does not meet the requirement of "little or no meaning" and honestly, I am confused as to why you would have nominated it under that criteria. Am I missing something? [[User:Griffinofwales|Griff]] ([[User talk:Griffinofwales|talk]]) 23:44, 19 January 2025 (UTC) :I goofed [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:09, 20 January 2025 (UTC) ::Sorry [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:20, 20 January 2025 (UTC) == Bamberg == Hi, I removed that on [[Bamberg]] because it was a link to a disambiguation page that doesn't exist. [[Special:Contributions/192.83.149.205|192.83.149.205]] ([[User talk:192.83.149.205|talk]]) 23:59, 26 January 2025 (UTC) :Hi, can you please explain why you're reverting edits? [[Special:Contributions/192.83.149.205|192.83.149.205]] ([[User talk:192.83.149.205|talk]]) 00:26, 27 January 2025 (UTC) == How do you give someone thanks? == How do you give someone the thanks notification [[User:TS Rubber alt main|&#45;TS Rubber Alt Main]] ([[User talk:TS Rubber alt main|talk]]) 17:39, 27 January 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Old Nazi== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Old Nazi]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Old Nazi]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 21:30, 27 January 2025 (UTC) == Meir Zvi Bergman == Why did you remove living people from [[Meir Zvi Bergman]]? Is there a reason to think he's not living? [[Special:Contributions/207.62.246.71|207.62.246.71]] ([[User talk:207.62.246.71|talk]]) 00:29, 28 January 2025 (UTC) == Article == Hello, If you see someone moving a page can you at least wait 5-10 minutes before tagging it/editing it?, I appreciate your enthusiasm but this is the second time I've edit conflicted with you and it's the second time I've lost the work I've put in. Thank you. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:17, 28 January 2025 (UTC) :I'll try. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:18, 28 January 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Davey2010|Davey2010]] It doesn't make sense, you moved [[EP]] to [[Extended play (disambiguation)]]. Seems like a mistake. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|talk]]) 17:20, 28 January 2025 (UTC) ::.... @[[User:2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874]] Yes and then I changed the redirect from that disambiguation page to [[Extended play]] so that it makes Enwiki .... [[:en:EP]]..... –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:26, 28 January 2025 (UTC) :::Hi BK, No worries if you continue editing whilst I'm still busy then I'll just continuing rollbacking you, easy as that. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:27, 28 January 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:Davey2010|Davey2010]] No the page on enwiki is [[EP (disambiguation)]], not [[Extended play (disambiguation)]]. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|talk]]) 17:28, 28 January 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874]] Oops thank you for spotting this, Hopefully I've fixed this now, Many thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:33, 28 January 2025 (UTC) == General notes == Hi BigKrow! I saw the change you made while patrolling RC, so you said to the IP to stop vandalizing, to let you know next time, it is better to leave a general note instead of typing it out ;) I hope you have a good rest of your day and happy editing! [[User:Adelaideslement8723|<span style="color:purple">𝓐𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓭𝓮</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴]] ♡ [[Special:Contribs/Adelaideslement8723|𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓼]])</sup> 17:32, 28 January 2025 (UTC) == Quick deletion requests == Hello, BigKrow. I am concerned about quick deletion requests you have made; some today, and some in the recent past. Here are a couple of specific ones: *[https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charlotte_Amalie,_United_States_Virgin_Islands&diff=prev&oldid=10054213 This request] for [[Charlotte Amalie, United States Virgin Islands]], where you thought there was little or no meaning. : There isn't much information here, but there is definite meaning and enough for a stub. *[https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Charles_VIII_of_France&diff=prev&oldid=10054153 This request] for [[Death of Charles VIII of France]], where you included the comment "possible hoax?" :If you think something might be a hoax, please consider taking a little time to check. If you had looked at the English Wikipedia article, you would have seen that the information in this article really is the way the king died. I'm considering restricting your ability to make quick deletion requests -- and RFD requests as well, because some of those have had issues they shouldn't have had. When you want to make either kind of request, please take a step back and give it some thought first. Thanks. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 19:34, 3 February 2025 (UTC) :Please do take away my rights I don't mind, just letting you know I just try my best to help the project thank you. {{ping|Auntof6}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:37, 3 February 2025 (UTC) ::I agree with Auntof6 that you are not understanding the usage of QDs and RfDs. I am also considering restricting your ability to make deletion requests. I would recommend that you do not make any requests for a period of three months and that you carefully read the policies and guidelines pertaining to deletions. I know I have turned down your requests. You seem to think things that you don't agree with are nonsense whereas G1 is for gibberish and not things you think don't seem right to you. Please stop this behaviour. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:50, 11 February 2025 (UTC) :::Chill out I'm just trying my best. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 13:00, 11 February 2025 (UTC) == Change conflict of Zeds Dead == Hey I just wanted to let you know that I have made a change conflict causing both of us to be confused, I know that you were probably more confused than I am. Sorry about that, and thanks for reverting my edit back because that was a mistake. I got to be careful when someone else is editing and we post both our revisions at the same time, because it always results in a change conflict. Happy editing :) [[User:Adelaideslement8723|<span style="color:purple">𝓐𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓭𝓮</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴]] ♡ [[Special:Contribs/Adelaideslement8723|𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓼]])</sup> 23:33, 10 February 2025 (UTC) == Tommy Robinson Vandalisms == Hi can you please report the vandal that keeps on makes biased edits, he's reverting the anti-vandal bots and I have to revert him twice. Thank you [[User:CS012831|CS012831]] ([[User talk:CS012831|talk]]) 22:21, 12 February 2025 (UTC) :{{tps}} - @[[User:CS012831|CS012831]], I'm keeping an eye on them but as it's not been a constant stream of vandalism there's generally no need to protect the article (If anyone reports them it'd be declined anyway as again not enough vandalism to warrant protection), Thanks, Warm Regards, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 23:15, 12 February 2025 (UTC) == May you explain your revert? == May you explain why you reverted my change to [[English Wikipedia]]? [[User:Wynn Liaw|Wynn Liaw]] ([[User talk:Wynn Liaw|talk]]) 21:07, 13 February 2025 (UTC) == Your edits on User talk: Justin Bieber is a nazi == Hi, I have already reported the user on [[WP:VIP]] ;) Thanks! [[User:Adelaideslement8723|<span style="color:purple">𝓐𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓭𝓮</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴]] ♡ [[Special:Contribs/Adelaideslement8723|𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓼]])</sup> 03:12, 15 February 2025 (UTC) :Thank you [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 03:13, 15 February 2025 (UTC) == Loss of privileges at QD == Based on your complete misunderstanding of QD criteria as example in [[Barnala Tehsil]] I am restricting your ability to tag articles for QD foe 6 months. The article is no different to many other place names that exist here. If you nominate any article except in your user space you will be blocked from editing for 6 months. I am leaving your ability to run RfDs because those are less problematic. {{ping|auntof6}} FYI '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:04, 18 February 2025 (UTC) :thank you [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:47, 18 February 2025 (UTC) Good morning BigKrow! The above-mentioned restriction in no longer in effect, however, you should observe the guidance provided by Fr33kman and review carefully the deletion policy before nominating any article for deletion or quick deletion. As a group of administrators, we are here to help and mentor you, but our time is limited. Unnecessary and inappropriate requests take up the community's time from working on improving Wikipedia. I recommend that if you have any questions about an article and whether it should be nominated, ask an administrator or other experienced member of the community before placing the tag. As a further note, when nominating an article for deletion or quick deletion, you should be clear about 1. which policy is not being followed by the article and 2. provide specific reasons as to why the article does not meet that policy. For example, ''notability?'' is not an acceptable RFD reason. ''Article does not meet GNG because it lacks reliable secondary sources'' is an acceptable reason. Similarly, for a QD, A4 for an article that clearly states a reason for being notable is not appropriate. If the article does not meet another policy, it should be nominated for RFD. I appreciate all your time and look forward to you continuing to contribute on the project. Best, [[User:Griffinofwales|Griff]] ([[User talk:Griffinofwales|talk]]) 01:45, 27 February 2025 (UTC) :Appreciate it, thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 01:57, 27 February 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Boris the Rocket== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Boris the Rocket]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Boris the Rocket]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:16, 20 February 2025 (UTC) == Edit summaries 2 == Hi Big Krow, When you're reverting to a revision you need to say ''why'' you're reverting back to that revision. Your reversions [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Higginson,_Arkansas&diff=prev&oldid=10089405 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Golf&diff=prev&oldid=10089403 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cookie_Jar_Group&diff=prev&oldid=10086201 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_%26_Friends&diff=prev&oldid=10086199 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Politico&diff=prev&oldid=10076275 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=English_Wikipedia&diff=prev&oldid=10076189 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Pennsylvania&diff=prev&oldid=10076188 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Stewart&diff=prev&oldid=10065624 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=JackTheBus&diff=prev&oldid=10056743 here] and [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venus&diff=prev&oldid=10054717 here] should all state why you're reverting. As I'm sure you can appreciate we're not all mind readers and some of the users above may be editing in good faith and would be none the wiser as to why they're being reverted. Some of your non-edit-summary reverts have been to revert obvious vandalism (reverting to a bot version etc) or reverting unrelated image change vandalism so I'm turning a blind eye to those but still ... you need to provide edit summaries (the only time you don't need to use one is if it's obvious vandalism and you're using the [[WP:ROLLBACK]] tool), I'm also CCing @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] so that they're aware of this although I would hope going forward this isn't an issue any more, Thanks for your understanding, Have a great day, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 23:32, 20 February 2025 (UTC) :{{comment}} Diffused this section from another section with the same name. ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 23:35, 20 February 2025 (UTC) ==Barnstar== {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Barnstar of Reversion Hires.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Anti-Vandalism Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Thank you for reverting vandalism in Belgium and some pages! I was about to revert the edits but nice job! And for doing that, you get a barnstar! [[User:Thetree284|thetree284]] ([[User talk:Thetree284|talk]]) 00:29, 21 February 2025 (UTC) |} :Appreciated! I really try my best. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:30, 21 February 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Boris the Rocket== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Boris the Rocket]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Boris the Rocket]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Zjui3r|Zjui3r]] ([[User talk:Zjui3r|talk]]) 05:24, 21 February 2025 (UTC) == February 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px|left]] Please do not remove [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]] tags from articles, as you did to "[[:Stubborn Fat]]", without a good reason. If you think the article should not be deleted, please add {{tl|wait}} to the article and explain your reason on the article's [[Wikipedia:Talk page|talk page]]. Thank you. <!-- Template:Uw-qd --> [[Special:Contributions/192.83.149.205|192.83.149.205]] ([[User talk:192.83.149.205|talk]]) 23:15, 24 February 2025 (UTC) ==Talkback== {{tb|WP:AN|BigKrow (end of February)|ts=08:27, 28 February 2025 (UTC)}} Please participate in the discussion. [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 08:27, 28 February 2025 (UTC) == Kiara Tito == [[Kiara Tito]] has two RfD's on the same page. The second one should be removed. [[Special:Contributions/169.229.202.223|169.229.202.223]] ([[User talk:169.229.202.223|talk]]) 23:39, 17 March 2025 (UTC) :Ok thank you [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 23:50, 17 March 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Mark Gero== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Mark Gero]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Mark Gero}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Kuskrey|Ksy]] 09:22, 2 April 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Mike Gminski== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Mike Gminski]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Mike Gminski}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 01:20, 5 April 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Asterisk Talley== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Asterisk Talley]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Asterisk Talley}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Jlwoodwa|jlwoodwa]] ([[User talk:Jlwoodwa|talk]]) 18:48, 5 April 2025 (UTC) == Article == Why you create short [[August Harbaum|article]], i recommended you to stay your article in your user space and move once you completed, please follow [[WP:MOS]]. Thanks!<span id="Raayaan9911:1744313719778:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:35, 10 April 2025 (UTC)</span> :I'm trying to make bigger [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:37, 10 April 2025 (UTC) ::I checked your article count, you have 164 total articles count, next time, just finish your article slowly in your user space, once you completed, move to mainspace. Also, please don't beat other editors' article count. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:43, 10 April 2025 (UTC) == A Cactus for you! == [[File:Cactus.jpg|left|150px]] --[[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 11:54, 11 April 2025 (UTC) :Thank you friend. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 15:04, 11 April 2025 (UTC) == Request == https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/VastavAI can you move this to [[Vastav AI]] [[User:Nexion7|Nexion7]] ([[User talk:Nexion7|talk]]) 20:43, 13 April 2025 (UTC) == [[2001 Daytona 500]] and [[The Magician (French TV series)]] == Hi, can you please add more content to these; as they are, there isn't much information and might qualify for [[WP:QD]]. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:15, 14 April 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:BRPever|BRPever]] and BigKrow, I hope it was okay but I've rewritten and expanded the The Magician (French TV series) article, I find TV shows easy to create/expand so am more than help with these, If it wasn't okay then let me know and I won't interfere again, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 15:41, 14 April 2025 (UTC) :I improved this article called [[2001 Daytona 500]], did you like it? [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 15:44, 14 April 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for improving it guys. Looks much better. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:57, 14 April 2025 (UTC) :::You're welcome! [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 15:58, 14 April 2025 (UTC) ::::No worries :), Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 16:01, 14 April 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Emmi Drexel== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Emmi Drexel]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Emmi Drexel}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 11:52, 24 April 2025 (UTC) :Some of your non-notable articles as example of [[Amanda Crowe]] are deleted, i recommended you to follow [[WP:PEOPLE]]. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 11:58, 24 April 2025 (UTC) == Quality articles == Can you please expand your recent articles like [[Village of the Giants]]? Most of them are low quality and doesn't have any references, i recommended complete your article in your user space and follow [[WP:MOS]] i already left you notice message.<span id="Raayaan9911:1745741169178:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 08:06, 27 April 2025 (UTC)</span> ==Quick deletion of Diem T. T. Tran== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Diem T. T. Tran]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Diem T. T. Tran}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 11:00, 27 April 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of BUMRUSH45== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:BUMRUSH45]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:BUMRUSH45}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:03, 29 April 2025 (UTC) == Low quality articles == Please stop creating low quality articles, most of them are doesn't have any references, very short and doesn't have any cats. You're just beating others' articles count.<span id="Raayaan9911:1745943081219:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:11, 29 April 2025 (UTC)</span> :I like to create pages on all sorts of topics. @[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:13, 29 April 2025 (UTC) ::You liked to create articles, but, most of your articles are low quality or non-notable, please complete your articles in your user space. If you continue creating low quality articles, you may be blocked. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:24, 29 April 2025 (UTC) :::Ok thanks. @[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:28, 29 April 2025 (UTC) == April 2025 == [[File:Information.svg|25px|]] Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make changes to the encyclopedia. However, please do not add promotional material to articles or other Wikipedia pages, as you did to [[:BUMRUSH45]]. [[Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not#Wikipedia is not a soapbox|Advertising]] and using Wikipedia to promote a product or [[WP:NPOV|point of view]] is discouraged. Take a look at the [[Wikipedia:Introduction|welcome page]] to learn more about Wikipedia. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-advert1 --> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:29, 29 April 2025 (UTC) :Thank you friend. @[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:38, 29 April 2025 (UTC) == May 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] [[Wikipedia:Welcome|Welcome to Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to change things here, but talk pages are meant to be a record of a discussion. Deleting or changing [[Wikipedia:Assume good faith|good]] comments, as you did at [[:Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard]], [[Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines#Things not to do|should not be done]], even if you meant it well. Even fixing spelling and grammar in others' comments is usually advised against, because it can irritate the users whose wrote them. Take a look at the [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome page]] to learn more about how you can help build this encyclopedia. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-tpv1 --> [[User:TagUser|TagUser]] ([[User talk:TagUser|talk]]) 17:41, 1 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Information.svg|25px|]] Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! I do not want to seem unfriendly or make you feel unwelcome, but I noticed your user page, and I am concerned that it might not meet Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:User page|user page guideline]]. After you have read that guideline, could we discuss my concerns here? I'd like to hear your views, such as why you want the current page, and whether you might agree to change it to something else. There are several ways we can deal with this matter: *If you can explain why your user page meets Wikipedia's user page guideline, I can stop worrying about it. *If you decide to delete the page yourself, please add "<code><nowiki>{{UserQD}}</nowiki></code>" to the top of your user page. An [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] will then delete it. *If we can not agree on what needs to be done, I can list your user page at "[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion]]" so that we can discuss with other editors whether the page should be kept or deleted. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-userpage --> ''Please don't write your user page looks like a encyclopedia article, user page is not encyclopedia article.'' [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:58, 1 May 2025 (UTC) :It's allowed to use your user page for testing articles, but you shouldn't put it in categories or use stub tags. Thanks. [[User:TagUser|TagUser]] ([[User talk:TagUser|talk]]) 20:08, 1 May 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:TagUser|TagUser]], I think I fixed it. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 01:20, 2 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]], i think I fixed it. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 01:21, 2 May 2025 (UTC) ::I looked at it, your user page with your signature but it's allowed. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 04:59, 2 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Audrey Jean Backeberg== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Audrey Jean Backeberg]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Audrey Jean Backeberg}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 18:06, 5 May 2025 (UTC) == Toby Fox Reverted edit == Hello, today you made an edit on Simple English Wikipedia's page on [[Toby Fox]] where you claimed to revert a user's edit, but you actually reverted my edit, and I am not the user you mentioned. I am not sure whose edit you meant to revert, so I have not made any changes. I wanted to make you aware. Also, if you did mean to revert my edit, I would like to talk about it, since I don't see any problems with the edit I made. Thanks so much! [[Special:Contributions/24.119.235.231|24.119.235.231]] ([[User talk:24.119.235.231|talk]]) 19:45, 5 May 2025 (UTC) :My mistake, I now understand that you ''did'' mean to revert my edit. I had misread your edit summary, and became confused. Now that I understand your edit summary, my first message is mostly irrevelant. :I am still confused why my edit was reverted and would like to talk about it to see if we could come to an understanding. :[[Special:Contributions/24.119.235.231|24.119.235.231]] ([[User talk:24.119.235.231|talk]]) 00:06, 7 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Cozi Zuehlsdorff== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Cozi Zuehlsdorff]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Cozi Zuehlsdorff}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 15:15, 6 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Lycia== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Lycia]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Lycia}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 15:15, 6 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|25px]] Please stop making bad pages. If you continue, you will be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing and creating pages on Wikipedia. <!-- Template:uw-create3 --> ''Many of the articles you've created have been low quality, and not contained any references or categories. You also need to make sure that articles about people, groups or organizations explain why the subject is notable.'' [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 15:18, 6 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:J991|J991]] I was being lazy sorry I will add sources and etc. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:02, 6 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:J991|J991]] you might want to delete my other bad articles. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:31, 6 May 2025 (UTC) ::I can't delete them but some of them might get nominated for QD or RfD. [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 15:12, 7 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|25px]] Your changes are causing [[Wikipedia:Disruptive changing|disruption]] to the project and this is not acceptable. Please stop. If your disruption continues, you will be '''[[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing Wikipedia.''' <!---Template:uw-disruption---> –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:11, 6 May 2025 (UTC) :Specifically [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Fixx&diff=prev&oldid=10240463 this], you've been told to use edit summaries before and yet you still haven't, :The user (correctly) added an infobox and (incorrectly) added an External Links section - could you not have simply reworded the heading instead of reverting them?, Moreover how do you expect someone to fix their mistakes if you've not told them what it is they've done wrong in the first place? –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:14, 6 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, BigKrow. When you revert a user's changes, like you did earlier, don't forget to leave the user a message on their talk page, especially when reverting vandalism or a test edit. You may find [[Template:User talk page warnings/table]] useful when doing this, to let them know that the change was considered inappropriate, and to direct them to the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-warn --> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 17:08, 7 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Wadi Damm== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Wadi Damm]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Wadi Damm}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 02:28, 12 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]] A4 only applies to a person, group of people, band, club, company, product, service or web content. [[User:TagUser|TagUser]] ([[User talk:TagUser|talk]]) 02:37, 12 May 2025 (UTC) ::Articles about other topics can't be quick deleted for not claiming notability. [[User:TagUser|TagUser]] ([[User talk:TagUser|talk]]) 02:37, 12 May 2025 (UTC) :::I'm not sure there are rules against tagging articles with QD about other topics for not claiming notability, but i improved article, i have wait for admin's decision. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 08:42, 12 May 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] i told you to use your user space for creating articles before, i have tagged you to QD. This is your last warning you'll get, if you continue creating low quality or non-notable articles, you may reported you to [[WP:ANI]]. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 08:49, 12 May 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]], im sorry. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:49, 13 May 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]], some info is better than nothing... [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 23:09, 13 May 2025 (UTC) :::::Please don't ping me again, it's considered unnecessary. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 02:51, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Notability tag == Please don't tag notability tag in bottom of talk pages like [[Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)]], it's considered wrong tag, if you made mistake? It's okay, don't worry, you should place carefully. Thanks!<span id="Raayaan9911:1747205566778:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 06:52, 14 May 2025 (UTC)</span> ==Quick deletion of Mordecai Shenhavi== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Mordecai Shenhavi]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Mordecai Shenhavi}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:15, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Douglas Williams (cricketer)== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Douglas Williams (cricketer)]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Douglas Williams (cricketer)}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:28, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Notice == [[File:Information icon4.svg|32px]] Hello. This message is being sent to tell you that there is currently a discussion at [[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard]] regarding an issue with which you may have been involved. The thread is "[[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard#BigKrow continued creating low quality or non-notable articles after final warning|BigKrow continued creating low quality or non-notable articles after final warning]]". Thank you.<!--Template:AN-notice--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:33, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Budh Singh Faizalpuria== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Budh Singh Faizalpuria]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Budh Singh Faizalpuria}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 17:06, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Partial block == Due to your history of creating bad articles on simplewiki and as a reciprocal block under [[WP:ONESTRIKE]] I have implemented a 6 month block preventing you from creating new articles. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 18:37, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], I appeal this outragious decision!!!! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:27, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ::Feel free. It is no different to your situation on enwiki. You've been warned and warned but you have chosen to ignore those warning and the community has asked for admin action. This has now been done. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 19:34, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], no it isn't done i request you all give me my creating new articles rights back, i have done nothing wrong i plead my innocence.... [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:36, 14 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Stop hand nuvola.svg|30px]] This is the '''only warning''' you will get for the bad changes you made. In your comments, talk about the changes editors have made, and do not insult the editors. If you make another personal attack on an editor&#32;as you did at [[:User talk:Fr33kman]], you may be '''[[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing Wikipedia'''. <!-- Template:uw-npa4im --> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:49, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]], leave me alone [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:50, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Unblock request == {{unblock reviewed|1=sorry i sweared but Fr33kman its not fair BigKrow (talk) 19:54, 14 May 2025 (UTC)|decline=No good reason provided for unblock. Please read [[WP:UNBLOCK]]. -- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 20:17, 22 May 2025 (UTC)}} == Full block == Due to your use of abusive language and behaviour I have fully blocked you. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 19:58, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], no [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:59, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ::Firstly, I suggest you calm down and think before you post. Secondly, wait for another admin to review your block and in the meantime think about why you've been blocked and what are the reasons you should be unblocked. I don't want to see you fully blocked but your current handling of the situation is very immature. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:08, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :::Hi, @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], could I still use my userspace to try to get an article reviewed for approval? Thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:04, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ::::I don't think the partial block will affect your creating pages in your user space. I see no problem with you using your user space to write new articles for review. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 21:10, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :::::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], I appreciate your patience with me, thank you! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:11, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Back to partial block == I have reset your block to a partial block as I think you just panicked and I want you able to take part in the discussion on ANI. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:13, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :Much appreciated, I do apologize to you @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], and all of Simple English Wikipedia. I was wrong about the matter. Do with wish as you please, sincerely [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:23, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Pestering == Please stop with [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Fr33kman&diff=prev&oldid=10259747 this] otherwise you really are going to be indefinitely blocked and next time you won't be unblocked as quickly!, You are blocked from creating articles for 6 months .... so take that time to understand how articles are created and what they entail (how they should look), Creating subpages and asking the blocking admin (or anyone) to review your articles is not okay and it stops now. Again, take the time to learn from your block and take the time to read articles and the various help pages we have here. You should also be aware that [[WP:CIR|Competence is required]] to edit here and at this moment in time you're failing that so unless you stop you're either going to be indefinetely blocked for [[WP:CIR|not getting it]] or pestering people. I have removed your post from Fr33kmans talkpage and seriously suggest you stop, Thank you. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:06, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] look at my user page [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:08, 15 May 2025 (UTC) ::You don't explain why he is notable. He would need to be a well-known artist, on a major record label, the recipient of major awards etc. You need reliable resources that you can cite: major magazines, media websites, newspapers etc. As you have it now I could delete it under QD:A4. Also please create sub-pages under your user space instead of using your user page. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:16, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::Example (of title for a) sub-page: [[User:BigKrow/August Harbaum]], in regard to the topic in the next post. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|talk]]) 03:22, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::Can i blank their user page and then create user space by copying their current user page for draft? [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 03:45, 15 May 2025 (UTC) ::::No. For starters: A wikipedia-user 'has to be the one', that start his-or-her-own sub-page or user-page (or even 'regular user-page'). [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:7580:532A:8665:BB|2001:2020:303:BB75:7580:532A:8665:BB]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:7580:532A:8665:BB|talk]]) 05:17, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::::It's has a stub template and category, please see [[WP:USER]]. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 05:22, 15 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::Remove "<nowiki>{{bio-stub}}</nowiki>" and "<nowiki>[[Category:Musicians]]</nowiki>", from '''that''' user-page.--Good catch!--However, I recommend that anyone '''except''' user:Raayaan9911, make that edit. (Note: i have got absolutely nothing agains user:Raayaan9911.) [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173|2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173|talk]]) 17:45, 15 May 2025 (UTC) /[[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173|2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173|talk]]) 17:49, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::{{Done}} i removed stub and category in their user page. :::::::@[[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] please don't use stub templates or categories in your user page, i already warned you. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 18:43, 15 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Glad to see my comment has been read and understood. Why are we allowing this user to circumvent the block by creating subpages of articles. Either way I shan't bother further wasting my breath here. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 19:47, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::::I removed stub and category in their user page only, i didn't allowing this user circumvent the block by create subpages of articles, i just misunderstood it. Don't worry :) [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:52, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::::I also undid my edit in their user page. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:58, 15 May 2025 (UTC) {{outdent}} The category and stub template should be removed or commented out. We can't categorize userpages in categories meant for mainspace articles. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 20:05, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] Thank you for clarifying misunderstanding. :@[[User:Davey2010|Davey2010]] user pages doesn't categorize it, it's only categorize mainspace articles. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 20:17, 15 May 2025 (UTC) == A middle manager in a killing-machine of Nazi-Germany == [[August_Harbaum]]. Please read edit remark, about 'what you seriously should consider, doing to the article'. See edit-comment in the following diff, simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=August_Harbaum&diff=10260053&oldid=10259259 Without c. all those 'German sources' (at the end of one particular sentence/period), then your article could easily get deleted 'on a bad day'. In my opinion, the Swedish wiki-article is a strong 'Delete-candidate'. However, the German wiki-article is an 'obvious keep', at German-wiki, in my opinion - however, i seriously doubt that a case could be made, in regard that he was a "key person" or "key figure".--He was part of [[middle management]] (of a killing operation also), it seems. However, he is a noted person, in the concentration camp system; 'The proof is partially in, that the German-wiki article has not been nominated for Delete !'.--I am fine with me doing c. no more work on this article.--Note: it is possible that his 'notability in German media, is largely because he managed not to be arrested-and-sent-to-trial, even though he was sited, as late as in the 2000s. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|talk]]) 03:14, 15 May 2025 (UTC) /[[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|talk]]) 03:17, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :If my first post (in this thread) seems helpful, then fine. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|talk]]) 03:16, 15 May 2025 (UTC) == QD noms == I have undone the last two QD nominations you did. The first broke the RfD page and the second was not nonsense. Please be more careful. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:55, 16 May 2025 (UTC) :ohh... [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:56, 16 May 2025 (UTC) == Template:This date in recent years/table == Are you planning to complete the nomination for this article at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:This date in recent years/table]]? Otherwise, please remove the RFD tag and the transclusion at the RFD list. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:38, 16 May 2025 (UTC) :someone can fix it.... @[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:39, 16 May 2025 (UTC) ::It's not someone else's job to fix it. If you're nominating something for deletion, you need to follow through with all the steps. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:41, 16 May 2025 (UTC) :::i refuse to fix it @[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:42, 16 May 2025 (UTC) ::::As you refuse to complete the nomination process, I have reverted your tagging of the article as an RFD. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:50, 16 May 2025 (UTC) == Herminie, Pennsylvania == Can you give a source for the information you provided on [[Herminie, Pennsylvania]]? Some of it appears to be wrong. [[Special:Contributions/2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99|2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99]] ([[User talk:2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99|talk]]) 20:05, 27 May 2025 (UTC) :I did. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:05, 27 May 2025 (UTC) ::https://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/pennsylvania/herminie doesn't seem to be a reliable source. [[Special:Contributions/2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99|2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99]] ([[User talk:2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99|talk]]) 20:09, 27 May 2025 (UTC) == Unexplained reverts == I noticed two reverts by you in the past hour or so that seem to be removing good faith improvements to articles with no explanations. * [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polandball&diff=prev&oldid=10295891 Revert one] * [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Melanie_Brown&diff=prev&oldid=10295904 Revert two] If you're going to make these reverts, you need to explain why you're making them. But, I don't believe either revert should have happened in the first place. Please be mindful in your revert actions and your usage of Twinkle. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 01:41, 30 May 2025 (UTC) == Use full sentences == When you add information to articles, please make sure that you write them in full sentences. Several of your changes today have been simply listing facts instead of writing them into sentence form. Please make sure you utilize proper grammar. Additionally, make sure all the information you add is properly cited as well. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:11, 30 May 2025 (UTC) == More edits of concern == I am concerned about these edits you made today: [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_Don%27t_Want_To&diff=prev&oldid=10297192], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santee,_California&diff=prev&oldid=10297194], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell_Gardens,_California&diff=prev&oldid=10297200], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Airuno&diff=prev&oldid=10297140], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campagnatico&diff=prev&oldid=10297144]. They all introduced information to the articles that were without sources and were complex in their language. Where did the information come from that you put into the articles? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 13:53, 30 May 2025 (UTC) :How about [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satoshi_Nakamoto&diff=prev&oldid=10299006 this edit]? Where did you get the information from? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 00:10, 31 May 2025 (UTC) ::I think they are using AI chatbot to write article. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 23:55, 31 May 2025 (UTC) :::Oh I assumed as much as well. I’m just looking for them to say it. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 23:57, 31 May 2025 (UTC) == AI-generated content == Please stop using AI chatbot to generate articles, any AI generated contents are complex as example of [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_remember&diff=prev&oldid=10298599 diff]. Please see [[WP:GPT]].<span id="Raayaan9911:1748734854286:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 23:40, 31 May 2025 (UTC)</span> :Your [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aryan_Brotherhood_of_Texas&diff=prev&oldid=10298977 diff] also has a AI-generated content. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 23:55, 31 May 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Maison du Boulanger== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Maison du Boulanger]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maison du Boulanger]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 13:34, 1 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Darius (French artist)== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Darius (French artist)]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Darius (French artist)}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 13:12, 4 June 2025 (UTC) == QD == Please be very careful at QD, your [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Nut_(fruit)&diff=prev&oldid=10309577 diff] has been tagged QD, you can remove disruptive comment. Tagging QD on new disruptive comments are unnecessary. Thanks!<span id="Raayaan9911:1749061606688:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 18:26, 4 June 2025 (UTC)</span> :I also improved [[2018–19 NBA season]]. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 18:28, 4 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Ding Liren's Immortal Game== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Ding Liren's Immortal Game]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Ding Liren's Immortal Game}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 19:04, 5 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Wadi Damm== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Wadi Damm]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Wadi Damm}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 19:09, 5 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Professional wrestling throws== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Professional wrestling throws]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Professional wrestling throws}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:11, 9 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Go Mecha Ball== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Go Mecha Ball]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Go Mecha Ball}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:32, 15 June 2025 (UTC) == film/movie articles == Hi BigKrow, hope you are doing well. Please note that all our articles on films/movies that need disambiguation use the title "movie" rather than "film" as movie is in BE 1500 but film is not. Thanks, --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:51, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == "Vandalism" == Hi BigKrow, If you're not sure on what is and what isn't vandalism then please don't revert, Anyone with half a braincell knows [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Island_Def_Jam_Music_Group&diff=prev&oldid=10367887 this] '''isn't''' vandalism and although I can understand ''how'' you reached that conclusion (because of the articles content) you still should've had the common sense to revert back to a non-Joseph revision instead of simply reverting a well-established editor. Be careful otherwise you could be blocked, Thank you. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 16:58, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 50p01iywb0z3spua10ehsw79rsyi1os 10367927 10367924 2025-07-02T17:01:18Z 96.65.201.225 /* "Vandalism" */ Reply 10367927 wikitext text/x-wiki == Welcome == Hello, '''BigKrow''', and [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome]] to the '''Simple English Wikipedia'''! Thank you for [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|your changes]]. You may want to begin by reading these pages: * [[Help:Contents|Help]] * [[Wikipedia:Rules|Rules]] * [[Wikipedia:Useful|Links to useful pages]] * [[Wikipedia:How to write Simple English pages|How to write Simple English pages]] * [[Wikipedia:How to copy from another Wikipedia|How to copy from another Wikipedia]] For some ideas of pages to work on, read [[Wikipedia:Requested pages]] or the [[Special:Wantedpages|list of wanted pages]]. You can [[Wikipedia:Be bold in updating pages|change any pages you want!]] Any changes you make can be seen right away. You can ask questions at [[Wikipedia:Simple talk]]. At the end of your messages on talk pages, please sign your name by clicking [[File:Insert-signature.svg]] or using four [[tilde]]s <nowiki>(~~~~)</nowiki>; this will show your username and the date. If you need help just <span class="plainlinks">'''[http://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Mytalk&action=edit&section=new click here]'''</span> and type '''<nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki>''' and your question and someone will reply to you shortly. Good luck and happy changing! <!-- Template:Welcome --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 03:10, 28 December 2023 (UTC) :Thanks! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 04:14, 28 December 2023 (UTC) == February 2024 == [[Image:information.svg|30px|left]]Hey there, BigKrow! Here are a few good ideas that you can use to help making articles in the future: *If the article that you made is under 1,500 characters, please add the {{tl|stub}} template into the article near the end (below the "Other websites" section, and below any categories). This will let other editors know that it is a short article that needs to be made longer. *If you have no idea what [[Wikipedia:Categories|categories]] an article that you begin should go under, please add the {{tl|uncat}} template to the article. This will let other editors know that you need help categorizing the article properly. Thanks for reading this long message, and happy changing here on Simple English Wikipedia!<!--Template:Uw-newarticle--> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 07:16, 3 February 2024 (UTC) :Thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:28, 13 February 2024 (UTC) == Quick deletion == Hi there. Please make sure to provide a reason to delete the article you are requesting speedy deletion of, with the reason being one of the criteria listed on the [[WP:DEL|deletion policy]]. You can format it as {{tlx|sd|a1}} for example. Thanks, --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]])</small> 22:21, 13 February 2024 (UTC) :Thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:28, 13 February 2024 (UTC) == Please provide reasons for deletion requests == Hello, at [[:en:n:special:diff/4763486]], an admin has requested you to provide valid reasons for your deletion requests. Please remember that the same manner is expected in all Wikimedia projects including here. Please also note that deletion requests without reasons may be rejected. For valid reasons for our project, please see [[WP:QD]]. In addition, SD tags must come to the top, not the bottom. If you add tags to the bottom, admins have to scroll to the end of the page. Thank you for helping simplewiki. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 01:47, 26 February 2024 (UTC) : Again, please provide reasons for deletion requests. If you don't know how to write them, feel free to ask questions. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:22, 21 March 2024 (UTC) == [[Wikipedia:Twinkle]] == Please consider using this, this can help your deletion requests. It is widely used in our project and enwiki. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:00, 26 February 2024 (UTC) == Deletion requests == I was processing current deletion requests and noticed that your request for Dj Tubet was not listed at [[WP:Deletion requests]]. When you create a deletion request, you must list it there or it will not be processed. I will put it there, but please be sure to do that yourself for any that you create in the future. Thanks. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 12:54, 1 March 2024 (UTC) == Drug dog == Two things: # Do you think [[Drug dog]] should be redirected to [[Police dog]]? # A user who created an article is usually allowed to blank it (especially if they just recently created it). This is taken to mean that they accept it being deleted, and it can be deleted under {{tl|Qd-author}}. [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 17:46, 6 March 2024 (UTC) :Drug sniffing dog or police dog sounds fine, what do you think? Thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:49, 6 March 2024 (UTC) ::I mean we already have an article about [[police dog]]s, and a drug-sniffing dog is one kind of police dog, but maybe the page [[drug dog]] isn't yet long enough to be a separate article. [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 17:51, 6 March 2024 (UTC) :::RFD? [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:52, 6 March 2024 (UTC) ::::I'll just redirect it. [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 17:52, 6 March 2024 (UTC) :::::k. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:53, 6 March 2024 (UTC) == Hey == Just wanted to let you know I did a test on my rollback as a script seemed to be blocking it. I reverted it back to your edit with the qd tag on it. Did not want you to be confused. Thanks - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 14:59, 2 April 2024 (UTC) :No problem! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:08, 2 April 2024 (UTC) ::So what do you think now? [[Erich von Manstein]] Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 17:04, 2 April 2024 (UTC) :::Looks great!!! Thank you!!! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:35, 2 April 2024 (UTC) == Linking == Hey BigKrow, To let you know we do not link to common terms that are universally known. I saw you relinked Village, Saskatchewan, and Canada in [[La Loche shootings]]. Saskatchewan I feel is ok, because not everyone will know will that is, but every person knows a a country and a village. Are you ok if I remove the links to those 2? Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 21:31, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :Yes [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:32, 3 April 2024 (UTC) ::Ok done. Also, I do not know if we have the full version here, but this is the en wiki version [[:w:Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking|Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking]]. ::Our exceptions: ::#We want redlinks galore (en wiki does not and hates them!) - Helps to find out what pages need to be created via [[Special:WantedPages]] (you may find something in there you want to write about too) I have found a few I do when I get time) ::#Common terms that everyone knows (like the two I mentioned) we do not do. Our goal is to keep it simple and if we link to all common terms, then we take the reader off of that article to another one to find out they already know what a village is, what a police force is, what the internet is, etc. ::There is a link and a conversation somewhere that I cannot recall at the moment as I am working on an article for someone and doing a review, but I figured this can be helpful for you. Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 21:42, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :::Thank you for being kind to me even though I was being an arse to you.... [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:45, 3 April 2024 (UTC) ::::Hey it is all good. Things happen and they go away. We all make mistakes and we learn from them. Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 21:55, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :::{{tps}} I think Simple English Wikipedia is different because we can only assume people know the words on [[WP:Basic English combined wordlist]], and [[Canada]] and [[village]] aren't on that list, so it would be okay to link them. [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 21:45, 3 April 2024 (UTC) ::::Ok you two please work matters out, ty. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:46, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :::::@[[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] :::::Village - [[Wikipedia:VOA_Special_English_Word_Book]] :::::As far as Canada, per MOS we do not link well known countries, however, we can link to the article [[Saskatchewan|Saskatchewan, Canada]] which makes more sense (actually I will make that change now). See [[Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Places]], [[Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Wikilinking]] :::::We do not strictly use the 850 or 1500 word books as other things come into play, like the link above on the VOA. Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 22:08, 3 April 2024 (UTC) ::::::I understand, thanks! [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 22:09, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :::::::@[[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] Anytime. Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 22:10, 3 April 2024 (UTC) == Regarding your recent edit. == Hey @[[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]], I saw you added {{tl|complex}} template on [[Kanyakubja Brahmin]]. I edited this article with as easy english as it can be. Can you exactly point out or explain which part of this article may not be easy for everybody to understand so that i can try to make it easier? [[User:Hong Wei Qin|Hong Wei Qin]] ([[User talk:Hong Wei Qin|talk]]) 00:33, 8 April 2024 (UTC) :Fixed template syntax, please use tl in future. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 01:07, 8 April 2024 (UTC) == Please avoid user page creations like [[special:redirect/logid/2686748]] == You have no reason to make user pages for others, and the username is unacceptable. You are just increasing admin jobs, and it is not helpful. Please avoid userpage creations like this in the future. Thank you for your attention. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 01:06, 8 April 2024 (UTC) == Concerns of unacceptable edit summaries in your recent edits == For example, [[special:diff/9466778]] includes an unacceptable username in the edit summary. In order to avoid this situation. You may want to use manual reverts instead of automated reverts generating problematic edit summaries. I hope this can help you. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 01:13, 8 April 2024 (UTC) == Reporting == When reporting users please use twinkle or else it doesn’t post correctly on the VIP board. Also to prevent other formatting issues please use it to warn other users as the templates you are using do not work and have to be substituted. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 03:57, 8 April 2024 (UTC) == [[Boletus edulis]] == I am done with it now. We had a few edit conflicts. If you see I am working on or just made an edit, I might still be working on it. If you could just wait and if you do not see me make a change within about 5 minutes, then I am probably done. Sometimes, especially with species, I have to make a template to correct an error or I am transferring something over from enwp to fix it. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 02:10, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :Understood, thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:10, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::No worries :) Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 02:11, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == Our [[template:warn]] is different from English Wikinews == Please have a careful look at the template, and choose the right template for each situation. Thank you for your attention. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:50, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :Gotcha, thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:51, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Charles Robinson (actor, born 1945)== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Charles Robinson (actor, born 1945)]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Charles Robinson (actor, born 1945)}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#g2|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 03:03, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == [[We Ride]] == Hi, not sure if you know how to fix this, but the cite av media note reference is throwing errors and does not give me much information on how to fix it. If you want to take a look and can fix it, please do and then ping me so I can see what you did. Thanks. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 15:07, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :I'm sorry I messed it up and I don't know how to restore it... apologies. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 15:09, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:PotsdamLamb|PotsdamLamb]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 15:09, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::You did not mess it up. I was working on fixing the references. That is one I do not know how to fix, as I have not worked with that template before. I will have to figure it out later. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 15:11, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == List of George Polk Award winners == Please give a reason why you [[special:diff/9471605|undid]] my correction of the [[Commonly misspelled words|misspelled]] ''miniscule'' to the correct spelling ''[[wikt:minuscule|minuscule]]''. Thank you. [[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] ([[User talk:Federhalter|talk]]) 16:32, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :I was mistaken sorry. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:33, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:33, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::@[[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] Just so you know neither version is simple English so it should be simplified anyways. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 16:36, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :::@[[User:PotsdamLamb|PotsdamLamb]] sorry. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:37, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::Now I see that I was wrong, because it is a quote and I did not follow [[WP:PUNC]] [[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] ([[User talk:Federhalter|talk]]) 17:08, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :::Ok no harm done. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:10, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:10, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == I’m confused == Why would you create [[Architecture in Stockholm]] and then tag it with ''it may not be notable enough'' to be on SEWP? There is a very in-depth article on [[:w:Architecture in Stockholm|ENWP]] with the same title. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 23:20, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == April 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, BigKrow. When you revert a user's changes, like you did earlier, don't forget to leave the user a message on their talk page, especially when reverting vandalism or a test edit. You may find [[Template:User talk page warnings/table]] useful when doing this, to let them know that the change was considered inappropriate, and to direct them to the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-warn --> ''Using twinkle will automatically do this for you with the right settings.'' Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 00:33, 12 April 2024 (UTC) == RfD vs. QD == So you know instead of filling up the RfD board, you can select an article for QD for not being notable as long as there are no claims to notability in the article or if someone disputes it claiming notability. Otherwise you can QD it and an admin will make the final decision. It may take a bit to get used to it. I’m bringing this up because of one of the articles I was going through (before I got sidetracked with vandalism reverts) got my attention. If you have any questions, please let me know. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 05:47, 12 April 2024 (UTC) == New pages == Hi there again. When you are creating new pages (like you did with [[Riki Choshu]]), they need to be complete and formatted properly. A one or two sentence article with an external link is not meant for this Wikipedia and can be subjected to QD and the more you make, the higher of a chance you get blocked for project disruption and making bad new pages. I recommend you look at [[Wikipedia:Guide to layout]] to see how these should be done. So please take a moment and review it and then work on the article. If you plan on making an bona-fide article, I recommend starting it in your userspace, then when completed move it to the mainspace. If you want reviews on an article, you are more than welcome to ask me directly on my talk page or you can ask on [[WP:ST|Simple Talk]]. While discussing on simple talk about enabling the new Mentor program here, one of our administrators had the following comment: {{blockquote|Also, please, please, PLEASE do not make it a goal to reach a certain number of articles. Every time we approach a big round number, we get a lot of minimal articles created just to inflate the number. A lot of those articles are of poor quality, and some even have to be deleted. -- Auntof6 (talk) 21:20, 12 April 2024 (UTC) (you can read the conversation here [[Wikipedia:Simple_talk#RfC_-_Turn_on_mentoring_system|Turn on mentoring system]]}} Your help in creating good articles would be appreciated as it is less work for other editors to have to do. As always, if you have any question, please feel free to ping me here or ask me on my page. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 01:23, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == [[User:BigKrow/1999 Sydney hailstorm]] == I moved the page 1999 Sydney hailstorm to your user space until you complete it. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 03:01, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == Notice == [[File:Information icon4.svg|32px]] Hello. This message is being sent to tell you that there is currently a discussion at [[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard]] regarding an issue with which you may have been involved. The thread is "[[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard#Issues with User:BigKrow|Issues with User:BigKrow]]". Thank you.<!--Template:AN-notice--> Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 04:29, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == Comments on another user talk == I saw the ping and conversation you left on another editors talk page about I need to stop interfering. They are correct in that you should post on my talk page and not theirs. So what seems to be the issue? Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 18:56, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == Very short articles == Hi, I've noticed that you've published some articles which are very short and don't contain a lot of content. I would suggest you to move them to your personal user pages, and once you have added substantial content, you can then put them into the mainspace. Remember, we want ''quality over quantity'' on Wikipedia. We don't want to create as much articles as possible because what really matters is the quality of articles. See featured articles as an example – they have a lot of info put into them and adhere to many article 'rules' on Wikipedia. Also, I suggest you to read the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]] so you know the formatting to articles, like references, citations, and etc. Happy changing! [[User:TheWikiCyclone|TheWikiCyclone]] ([[User talk:TheWikiCyclone|talk]]) 20:45, 13 April 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:TheWikiCyclone|TheWikiCyclone]] I'll try to start new articles with a good amount of information, apologies. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:46, 13 April 2024 (UTC) ::Thank you! 👍 [[User:TheWikiCyclone|TheWikiCyclone]] ([[User talk:TheWikiCyclone|talk]]) 21:00, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == Previous accounts == Hello. Have you used other accounts to edit the Simple English Wikipedia? Regards, [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 01:45, 14 April 2024 (UTC) :Yes, I m not going to deny that if thats the case block me for how ever long @[[User:Vermont|Vermont]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 01:47, 14 April 2024 (UTC) ::@[[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] Can you enlist all your previous usernames to make it more clear? [[User:DIVINE|<b style="color:#29F">DI</b><b style="color:red">V</b>]][[User talk:DIVINE|<b style="color:#080">I</b><b style="color:#808">N</b>]][[Special:Contribs/DIVINE|<b style="color:#FA0">E</b>]] 01:59, 14 April 2024 (UTC) :::I honestly don't remember@[[User:DIVINE|DIVINE]] because I suffer from mental illness sorry I would like to help [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:09, 15 April 2024 (UTC) ::::So how many other accounts have you used before. This a violation of the policies [[User:Darrenchant|Darrenchant]] ([[User talk:Darrenchant|talk]]) 12:35, 21 December 2024 (UTC) == [[Gate io Referans Kodu: 3930511]] == When an article is not in English here, please QD it as A5 "Not written in English." Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 20:33, 16 April 2024 (UTC) :K thnx [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:39, 16 April 2024 (UTC) [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, {{BASEPAGENAME}}! Here at Simple English Wikipedia, we use the section heading "Other websites" instead of English Wikipedia's "External links", which you used in "[[:Erich Kulke]]". This makes it simpler and easier to read. Please remember to use "Other websites" in pages that you create in the future. Thank you for your help!<!-- Template:Uw-otherweb --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 11:31, 18 April 2024 (UTC) :Thank you for telling me!!! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 15:38, 18 April 2024 (UTC) == Edit summaries == Hey when making an edit, even if minor, make sure to use the edit summary. Example is correcting spelling or grammar just use ce as the summary as that is a common term we understand. It means copy edit. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 02:41, 19 April 2024 (UTC) :Gotcha, thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:42, 19 April 2024 (UTC) == New article issues (again) == Hey when you bring over articles you need to include the references. You can also copy over the infoboxes from ENWP without issue. Always preview any article for any errors or in infoboxes look for any reflinks and fix the errors. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 23:44, 19 April 2024 (UTC) == QD A1 == Hello, QD A1 and other reasons in [[WP:AQD]] only apply to articles. For talk pages, please use reasons in [[WP:GQD]]. Thank you for your attention. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:53, 15 May 2024 (UTC) == Your warnings == If you are warning a user for making bad changes, use <nowiki>{{uw-vandalism1}}, {{uw-vandalism2}}, {{uw-vandalism3}}, and {{uw-vandalism4}}</nowiki>. Using <nowiki>{{warn}}</nowiki> instead tells them that they should warn other users when they undo their edits. I assume that's not what you meant to say. [[User:VirusDontKill|VirusDontKill]] ([[User talk:VirusDontKill|talk]]) 20:04, 14 August 2024 (UTC) :Thanks [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:16, 14 August 2024 (UTC) == My edit wasn't vandalism == I redirected a title which was missing a space to the correct title. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:E41D:46CD:505E:6D8E|2601:644:907E:A70:E41D:46CD:505E:6D8E]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:E41D:46CD:505E:6D8E|talk]]) 21:21, 14 December 2024 (UTC) :Ok. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:37, 14 December 2024 (UTC) == Hari Singh Bhangi == Can you tell me why you nominated Hari Singh Bhangi page you aren't even responding in discussion [[User:Jisshu|Jisshu]] ([[User talk:Jisshu|talk]]) 18:48, 20 December 2024 (UTC) :No Wikipedia page, {{ping|Jisshu}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:49, 20 December 2024 (UTC) ::he had Wikipedia page name hari Singh Dhillon [[User:Jisshu|Jisshu]] ([[User talk:Jisshu|talk]]) 18:50, 20 December 2024 (UTC) ::he was leader of Bhangi Misl so that's why he also refer as Hari Singh Bhangi[[User:Jisshu|Jisshu]] ([[User talk:Jisshu|talk]]) 18:51, 20 December 2024 (UTC) :::I moved it {{ping|Jisshu}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:55, 20 December 2024 (UTC) ::::thank you [[User:Jisshu|Jisshu]] ([[User talk:Jisshu|talk]]) 18:55, 20 December 2024 (UTC) == Repeated Vandalism == Hey Bigkrow, hope you’re doing good. There is a user https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Medicomonk&redlink=1 who is again and again vandalising pages as he did to the page ‘Anangpal Tomar’ and ‘Tomar’. I already warned the user to add information based on citations and not to cause vandalism inspite of that the user is constantly trying to do povpush. I reverted the changes made by this user but please intervine. Thank you [[User:HistorianAlferedo|HistorianAlferedo]] ([[User talk:HistorianAlferedo|talk]]) 20:08, 20 December 2024 (UTC) :{{ping|HistorianAlferedo}} At this point seek help from admins, thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:12, 20 December 2024 (UTC) == December 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Thank you for changing Wikipedia. We welcome all changes, but we can have only changes that are in [[Wikipedia:About|simple English]], and your new changes to "[[:Wamiqa Gabbi]]" were not simple. Please see [[Wikipedia:How to write Simple English pages]] so you can write more simply in the future. Thank you. <!-- Template:Uw-simple --> [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 13:05, 21 December 2024 (UTC) :{{ping|BZPN}} I'm pretty sure it was simplified. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:15, 21 December 2024 (UTC) ::It was not. I'm pretty sure that it was something like "She is pseudonym", which is actually nonsense. [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 19:19, 21 December 2024 (UTC) :::{{ping|BZPN}}, it was a typing error wow you fault me? [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:21, 21 December 2024 (UTC) ::::Maybe it was, but a reader could not understand it anyway. It was also unsourced. [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 19:36, 21 December 2024 (UTC) == Old St. Louis Mills QD == Hey, I have a question about the QD on [[Old St Louis Mills]] whilst the page is an obvious hoax, would that count as nonsense or a obvious hoax, or does that cover both? [[User:Jayden Johnson 2314|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:purple"> 𝙹.𝙹.</span>]][[User talk:Jayden Johnson 2314|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:black">𝕋𝕒𝕝𝕜 📬📧</span>]] 17:59, 22 December 2024 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Drake Maye== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Drake Maye]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Drake Maye}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 22:20, 22 December 2024 (UTC) == Maithili cinema == Why do you want, [[Maithili cinema]] should be remove? And why are you removing full stop? [[User:Smjdschool|Smjdschool]] ([[User talk:Smjdschool|talk]]) 11:32, 23 December 2024 (UTC) == The Crow Eaters == Please extend [[The Crow Eaters]] with references and more content. Otherwise, it may be deleted for not claiming notability. [[Special:Contributions/174.160.82.127|174.160.82.127]] ([[User talk:174.160.82.127|talk]]) 22:10, 29 December 2024 (UTC) == December 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, {{ROOTPAGENAME}}! Here at Simple English Wikipedia, we use the section heading "Other websites" instead of English Wikipedia's "External links". This makes it simpler and easier to read. Please remember to use "Other websites" in pages that you create in the future. Thank you for your help!<!-- Template:Uw-otherweb --> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 03:10, 31 December 2024 (UTC) :Thank you! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:04, 2 January 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Rozvi Empire== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Rozvi Empire]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Rozvi Empire]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Garudam|Garudam]] ([[User talk:Garudam|talk]]) 09:36, 3 January 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of The Crow Eaters== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:The Crow Eaters]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Crow Eaters]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Garudam|Garudam]] ([[User talk:Garudam|talk]]) 10:13, 3 January 2025 (UTC) == Deletion requests 2 == Hi, when you make an RfD, please list it at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion]]. I am hoping you can list [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fuller Road]] to show that you know how to do it. Thanks. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:E5B9:8B7B:A42C:77C|2601:644:907E:A70:E5B9:8B7B:A42C:77C]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:E5B9:8B7B:A42C:77C|talk]]) 21:25, 4 January 2025 (UTC) :If you don't add it then I can add it. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:4D8F:73EF:8E4A:F490|2601:644:907E:A70:4D8F:73EF:8E4A:F490]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:4D8F:73EF:8E4A:F490|talk]]) 02:05, 5 January 2025 (UTC) == January 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to Wikipedia. Your change to the page [[:Karkota dynasty]] worked, but because it had things in it which did not help improve the page, it was [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you would like to do more tests on Wikipedia, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. You may also want to read the [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome page]] to learn about helping the Simple English Wikipedia. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-test1 --> ''Kindly add the reason while the addition of maintenance tags, Thanks'' [[User:Shakib ul hassan|<span style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; color:black;">Shakib ul hassan</span>]] [[User talk:Shakib ul hassan|<span style="font-weight:bold; color:grey; font-size:90%; position:relative; top:-2px;"> talk!</span>]] 19:25, 6 January 2025 (UTC) == Mourning Doves == I saw the edit war on the [[Mourning Dove]] article, they aren't native or introduced in pakistan, and it's not mentioned anywhere, do you have a source that would say otherwise? [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:16, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :Yes. Http://www.earthlife.net [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:17, 10 January 2025 (UTC) ::Could you link the specific source instead of just the website itself? Also, I saw that you said you researched it using Copilot? Using copilot as a source is not reliable at all. [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:20, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :::https://earthlife.net/mourning-doves/ {{ping|RiggedMint}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:22, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :::I think copilot is, but if SEW doesn't accept it I won't use it, thanks {{ping|RiggedMint}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:24, 10 January 2025 (UTC) ::::You seem to be referencing another encyclopedic-like source, there still isn't a good source of these guys being in pakistan, as quoted in the supposed source: "''These doves have been introduced to Hawaii and Pakistan.''" This is not a good reliable source onto if mourning doves were actually introduced in pakistan. I think it needs more context onto if they are actually there, no? And if so, it only needs a simple mention on the article. It does not need a category, as it's not native to pakistan. [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:30, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :::::TL;DR, try to find a more reliable and more contextful source, then i'll think it'll be good. Just don't put it as a category without any context. [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:32, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :::::Okay apologies, sorry i didn't mean to cause problems. {{ping|RiggedMint}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:32, 10 January 2025 (UTC) ::::::Yeah, you're fine. [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:34, 10 January 2025 (UTC) == Edits == Hi BigKrow, So sorry for rollbacking you, We change conflicted and I lost everything so I rollbacked you hoping if I clicked back a few times after the system would then think your edits were never made if that makes sense, I'll be honest I paniced and didn't want to lose everything I just did but nonetheless so sorry for rollbacking you - thank you for adding the full stops to the article it's much appreciated :), I've reinstated your edits and have finished editing there so you're more than welcome to edit it again :), Thanks, Warm Regards, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 18:04, 11 January 2025 (UTC) :{{ping|Davey2010}}, no worries my friend. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:05, 11 January 2025 (UTC) == Talk == Hello. Please leave me messages directly on my talk page, not on my subpages. Thank you. Best regards, [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 22:45, 12 January 2025 (UTC) :Apologies next I will, thanks. {{ping|BZPN}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:46, 12 January 2025 (UTC) ::time I will sorry. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:47, 12 January 2025 (UTC) == RfD == Hello. Please, pay more attention to your RfD reports. The report should be properly justified and provide possible arguments for removal, but your latest RfDs sound more like nonsense ([[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yazidi Rebellion]], [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Raid on Ottoman trading routes]]). It is very important to help other editors understand the issues in the reported article. Thank you. Best regards, [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 11:18, 14 January 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Talk:Privilege== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Talk:Privilege]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Talk:Privilege}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#g1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:14, 14 January 2025 (UTC) == Thank log == Hi there, do you have any idea why did you thank this [[Special:Diff/10013764|edit]] when my status become offline? [[User:Thetree284|thetree284]] ([[User talk:Thetree284|talk]]) 02:35, 15 January 2025 (UTC) == El Jordan 23 == Hi, could you explain in a little more detail on your QD of this article? https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Jordan_23 [[User:Adelaideslement8723|<span style="color:purple">𝓐𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓭𝓮</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴]] ♡ [[Special:Contribs/Adelaideslement8723|𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓼]])</sup> 22:14, 15 January 2025 (UTC) == [[User talk:Melitensis77]] == Hi, why create a talkpage with just your sign?--[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:14, 16 January 2025 (UTC) == Kurdish genocide rfd == Hi, if you want to make more comments, you can add them at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kurdish Genocide (1915-1918)]]. Thanks. [[User:Tuscan Ant|Tuscan Ant]] ([[User talk:Tuscan Ant|talk]]) 20:39, 16 January 2025 (UTC) == Ayaz Syed == They've been reported to AN - don't bother reverting until an admin steps in on this. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 20:55, 16 January 2025 (UTC) :Ok. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:56, 16 January 2025 (UTC) :{{ping|Ravensfire}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:56, 16 January 2025 (UTC) == Im sorry == Please don't ban me I made a huge mistake! [[User:Coconut0330|Coconut0330]] ([[User talk:Coconut0330|talk]]) 21:20, 16 January 2025 (UTC) == Shirley, New York == Hi, the link you added on [[Shirley, New York]] isn't working for me. Does it work for you? [[User:Tuscan Ant|Tuscan Ant]] ([[User talk:Tuscan Ant|talk]]) 00:36, 17 January 2025 (UTC) :New link added. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:39, 17 January 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you. [[User:Tuscan Ant|Tuscan Ant]] ([[User talk:Tuscan Ant|talk]]) 00:40, 17 January 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Lenningen-Schopfloch== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Lenningen-Schopfloch]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Lenningen-Schopfloch}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#db|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:59, 17 January 2025 (UTC) == The fighting with Mr.Hanes == I over reacted it won't happen again due to my built up anger I lashed out... I should act like an adult and show people respect. {{ping|Davey2010}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:01, 18 January 2025 (UTC) :Imho you have nothing to apologise for and I don't believe you overreacted either. I understand why you blew your top any normal person would tbh. Anyway happy editing, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:16, 18 January 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you very much. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:39, 18 January 2025 (UTC) == Flood flag == Hi, Just an fyi regarding your flood flag message on Dream Indigo's talkpage; I can't speak for them but from my personal experience requesting the flood flag everytime I wanted to make repetitive edits was a long, tiresome and mentally draining battle that I always ended up losing. *I've had flood flag requests ignored for an entire day *I've had requests declined for silly reasons *And I recently asked an admin for the flag and was replied to 10 hours later (which I understand) So as you can see from my point of view, requesting flood flag is a waste of time and If I were to ask for this everytime I wanted to make those edits I would probably end up being years behind on things because I would have spent years either waiting for a reply or battling for it to be accepted!, I guess it might be a better idea to ignore when people flood recent changes as there may well be a valid reason as to why they're doing so, If it's a vandal sure but if it's long-established users then I probably wouldn't care, Anyway happy editing, Warm Regards, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 23:37, 18 January 2025 (UTC) == Explaining my focus on car articles == hello i think you saw my contribuitions but i am more focused on car articles i already did this when i was a good ip editor and i am focusing on making more car articles about honda maybe Acura and other brands (also i made the [[honda Fit]] article that is a good article btw and in the future i will probably contribuite on the portuguese Wikipedia) so i hope you understand that anyways good luck with your contribuitions best regards!. [[User:Automobile enthusiast|Automobile enthusiast]] ([[User talk:Automobile enthusiast|talk]]) 00:28, 19 January 2025 (UTC) == Declined QD - Naysila Mirdad == Hi there! I have declined your QD for Naysila Mirdad. In my opinion, it does not meet the requirement of "little or no meaning" and honestly, I am confused as to why you would have nominated it under that criteria. Am I missing something? [[User:Griffinofwales|Griff]] ([[User talk:Griffinofwales|talk]]) 23:44, 19 January 2025 (UTC) :I goofed [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:09, 20 January 2025 (UTC) ::Sorry [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:20, 20 January 2025 (UTC) == Bamberg == Hi, I removed that on [[Bamberg]] because it was a link to a disambiguation page that doesn't exist. [[Special:Contributions/192.83.149.205|192.83.149.205]] ([[User talk:192.83.149.205|talk]]) 23:59, 26 January 2025 (UTC) :Hi, can you please explain why you're reverting edits? [[Special:Contributions/192.83.149.205|192.83.149.205]] ([[User talk:192.83.149.205|talk]]) 00:26, 27 January 2025 (UTC) == How do you give someone thanks? == How do you give someone the thanks notification [[User:TS Rubber alt main|&#45;TS Rubber Alt Main]] ([[User talk:TS Rubber alt main|talk]]) 17:39, 27 January 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Old Nazi== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Old Nazi]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Old Nazi]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 21:30, 27 January 2025 (UTC) == Meir Zvi Bergman == Why did you remove living people from [[Meir Zvi Bergman]]? Is there a reason to think he's not living? [[Special:Contributions/207.62.246.71|207.62.246.71]] ([[User talk:207.62.246.71|talk]]) 00:29, 28 January 2025 (UTC) == Article == Hello, If you see someone moving a page can you at least wait 5-10 minutes before tagging it/editing it?, I appreciate your enthusiasm but this is the second time I've edit conflicted with you and it's the second time I've lost the work I've put in. Thank you. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:17, 28 January 2025 (UTC) :I'll try. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:18, 28 January 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Davey2010|Davey2010]] It doesn't make sense, you moved [[EP]] to [[Extended play (disambiguation)]]. Seems like a mistake. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|talk]]) 17:20, 28 January 2025 (UTC) ::.... @[[User:2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874]] Yes and then I changed the redirect from that disambiguation page to [[Extended play]] so that it makes Enwiki .... [[:en:EP]]..... –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:26, 28 January 2025 (UTC) :::Hi BK, No worries if you continue editing whilst I'm still busy then I'll just continuing rollbacking you, easy as that. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:27, 28 January 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:Davey2010|Davey2010]] No the page on enwiki is [[EP (disambiguation)]], not [[Extended play (disambiguation)]]. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|talk]]) 17:28, 28 January 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874]] Oops thank you for spotting this, Hopefully I've fixed this now, Many thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:33, 28 January 2025 (UTC) == General notes == Hi BigKrow! I saw the change you made while patrolling RC, so you said to the IP to stop vandalizing, to let you know next time, it is better to leave a general note instead of typing it out ;) I hope you have a good rest of your day and happy editing! [[User:Adelaideslement8723|<span style="color:purple">𝓐𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓭𝓮</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴]] ♡ [[Special:Contribs/Adelaideslement8723|𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓼]])</sup> 17:32, 28 January 2025 (UTC) == Quick deletion requests == Hello, BigKrow. I am concerned about quick deletion requests you have made; some today, and some in the recent past. Here are a couple of specific ones: *[https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charlotte_Amalie,_United_States_Virgin_Islands&diff=prev&oldid=10054213 This request] for [[Charlotte Amalie, United States Virgin Islands]], where you thought there was little or no meaning. : There isn't much information here, but there is definite meaning and enough for a stub. *[https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Charles_VIII_of_France&diff=prev&oldid=10054153 This request] for [[Death of Charles VIII of France]], where you included the comment "possible hoax?" :If you think something might be a hoax, please consider taking a little time to check. If you had looked at the English Wikipedia article, you would have seen that the information in this article really is the way the king died. I'm considering restricting your ability to make quick deletion requests -- and RFD requests as well, because some of those have had issues they shouldn't have had. When you want to make either kind of request, please take a step back and give it some thought first. Thanks. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 19:34, 3 February 2025 (UTC) :Please do take away my rights I don't mind, just letting you know I just try my best to help the project thank you. {{ping|Auntof6}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:37, 3 February 2025 (UTC) ::I agree with Auntof6 that you are not understanding the usage of QDs and RfDs. I am also considering restricting your ability to make deletion requests. I would recommend that you do not make any requests for a period of three months and that you carefully read the policies and guidelines pertaining to deletions. I know I have turned down your requests. You seem to think things that you don't agree with are nonsense whereas G1 is for gibberish and not things you think don't seem right to you. Please stop this behaviour. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:50, 11 February 2025 (UTC) :::Chill out I'm just trying my best. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 13:00, 11 February 2025 (UTC) == Change conflict of Zeds Dead == Hey I just wanted to let you know that I have made a change conflict causing both of us to be confused, I know that you were probably more confused than I am. Sorry about that, and thanks for reverting my edit back because that was a mistake. I got to be careful when someone else is editing and we post both our revisions at the same time, because it always results in a change conflict. Happy editing :) [[User:Adelaideslement8723|<span style="color:purple">𝓐𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓭𝓮</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴]] ♡ [[Special:Contribs/Adelaideslement8723|𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓼]])</sup> 23:33, 10 February 2025 (UTC) == Tommy Robinson Vandalisms == Hi can you please report the vandal that keeps on makes biased edits, he's reverting the anti-vandal bots and I have to revert him twice. Thank you [[User:CS012831|CS012831]] ([[User talk:CS012831|talk]]) 22:21, 12 February 2025 (UTC) :{{tps}} - @[[User:CS012831|CS012831]], I'm keeping an eye on them but as it's not been a constant stream of vandalism there's generally no need to protect the article (If anyone reports them it'd be declined anyway as again not enough vandalism to warrant protection), Thanks, Warm Regards, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 23:15, 12 February 2025 (UTC) == May you explain your revert? == May you explain why you reverted my change to [[English Wikipedia]]? [[User:Wynn Liaw|Wynn Liaw]] ([[User talk:Wynn Liaw|talk]]) 21:07, 13 February 2025 (UTC) == Your edits on User talk: Justin Bieber is a nazi == Hi, I have already reported the user on [[WP:VIP]] ;) Thanks! [[User:Adelaideslement8723|<span style="color:purple">𝓐𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓭𝓮</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴]] ♡ [[Special:Contribs/Adelaideslement8723|𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓼]])</sup> 03:12, 15 February 2025 (UTC) :Thank you [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 03:13, 15 February 2025 (UTC) == Loss of privileges at QD == Based on your complete misunderstanding of QD criteria as example in [[Barnala Tehsil]] I am restricting your ability to tag articles for QD foe 6 months. The article is no different to many other place names that exist here. If you nominate any article except in your user space you will be blocked from editing for 6 months. I am leaving your ability to run RfDs because those are less problematic. {{ping|auntof6}} FYI '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:04, 18 February 2025 (UTC) :thank you [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:47, 18 February 2025 (UTC) Good morning BigKrow! The above-mentioned restriction in no longer in effect, however, you should observe the guidance provided by Fr33kman and review carefully the deletion policy before nominating any article for deletion or quick deletion. As a group of administrators, we are here to help and mentor you, but our time is limited. Unnecessary and inappropriate requests take up the community's time from working on improving Wikipedia. I recommend that if you have any questions about an article and whether it should be nominated, ask an administrator or other experienced member of the community before placing the tag. As a further note, when nominating an article for deletion or quick deletion, you should be clear about 1. which policy is not being followed by the article and 2. provide specific reasons as to why the article does not meet that policy. For example, ''notability?'' is not an acceptable RFD reason. ''Article does not meet GNG because it lacks reliable secondary sources'' is an acceptable reason. Similarly, for a QD, A4 for an article that clearly states a reason for being notable is not appropriate. If the article does not meet another policy, it should be nominated for RFD. I appreciate all your time and look forward to you continuing to contribute on the project. Best, [[User:Griffinofwales|Griff]] ([[User talk:Griffinofwales|talk]]) 01:45, 27 February 2025 (UTC) :Appreciate it, thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 01:57, 27 February 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Boris the Rocket== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Boris the Rocket]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Boris the Rocket]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:16, 20 February 2025 (UTC) == Edit summaries 2 == Hi Big Krow, When you're reverting to a revision you need to say ''why'' you're reverting back to that revision. Your reversions [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Higginson,_Arkansas&diff=prev&oldid=10089405 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Golf&diff=prev&oldid=10089403 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cookie_Jar_Group&diff=prev&oldid=10086201 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_%26_Friends&diff=prev&oldid=10086199 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Politico&diff=prev&oldid=10076275 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=English_Wikipedia&diff=prev&oldid=10076189 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Pennsylvania&diff=prev&oldid=10076188 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Stewart&diff=prev&oldid=10065624 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=JackTheBus&diff=prev&oldid=10056743 here] and [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venus&diff=prev&oldid=10054717 here] should all state why you're reverting. As I'm sure you can appreciate we're not all mind readers and some of the users above may be editing in good faith and would be none the wiser as to why they're being reverted. Some of your non-edit-summary reverts have been to revert obvious vandalism (reverting to a bot version etc) or reverting unrelated image change vandalism so I'm turning a blind eye to those but still ... you need to provide edit summaries (the only time you don't need to use one is if it's obvious vandalism and you're using the [[WP:ROLLBACK]] tool), I'm also CCing @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] so that they're aware of this although I would hope going forward this isn't an issue any more, Thanks for your understanding, Have a great day, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 23:32, 20 February 2025 (UTC) :{{comment}} Diffused this section from another section with the same name. ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 23:35, 20 February 2025 (UTC) ==Barnstar== {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Barnstar of Reversion Hires.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Anti-Vandalism Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Thank you for reverting vandalism in Belgium and some pages! I was about to revert the edits but nice job! And for doing that, you get a barnstar! [[User:Thetree284|thetree284]] ([[User talk:Thetree284|talk]]) 00:29, 21 February 2025 (UTC) |} :Appreciated! I really try my best. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:30, 21 February 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Boris the Rocket== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Boris the Rocket]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Boris the Rocket]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Zjui3r|Zjui3r]] ([[User talk:Zjui3r|talk]]) 05:24, 21 February 2025 (UTC) == February 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px|left]] Please do not remove [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]] tags from articles, as you did to "[[:Stubborn Fat]]", without a good reason. If you think the article should not be deleted, please add {{tl|wait}} to the article and explain your reason on the article's [[Wikipedia:Talk page|talk page]]. Thank you. <!-- Template:Uw-qd --> [[Special:Contributions/192.83.149.205|192.83.149.205]] ([[User talk:192.83.149.205|talk]]) 23:15, 24 February 2025 (UTC) ==Talkback== {{tb|WP:AN|BigKrow (end of February)|ts=08:27, 28 February 2025 (UTC)}} Please participate in the discussion. [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 08:27, 28 February 2025 (UTC) == Kiara Tito == [[Kiara Tito]] has two RfD's on the same page. The second one should be removed. [[Special:Contributions/169.229.202.223|169.229.202.223]] ([[User talk:169.229.202.223|talk]]) 23:39, 17 March 2025 (UTC) :Ok thank you [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 23:50, 17 March 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Mark Gero== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Mark Gero]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Mark Gero}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Kuskrey|Ksy]] 09:22, 2 April 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Mike Gminski== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Mike Gminski]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Mike Gminski}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 01:20, 5 April 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Asterisk Talley== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Asterisk Talley]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Asterisk Talley}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Jlwoodwa|jlwoodwa]] ([[User talk:Jlwoodwa|talk]]) 18:48, 5 April 2025 (UTC) == Article == Why you create short [[August Harbaum|article]], i recommended you to stay your article in your user space and move once you completed, please follow [[WP:MOS]]. Thanks!<span id="Raayaan9911:1744313719778:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:35, 10 April 2025 (UTC)</span> :I'm trying to make bigger [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:37, 10 April 2025 (UTC) ::I checked your article count, you have 164 total articles count, next time, just finish your article slowly in your user space, once you completed, move to mainspace. Also, please don't beat other editors' article count. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:43, 10 April 2025 (UTC) == A Cactus for you! == [[File:Cactus.jpg|left|150px]] --[[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 11:54, 11 April 2025 (UTC) :Thank you friend. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 15:04, 11 April 2025 (UTC) == Request == https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/VastavAI can you move this to [[Vastav AI]] [[User:Nexion7|Nexion7]] ([[User talk:Nexion7|talk]]) 20:43, 13 April 2025 (UTC) == [[2001 Daytona 500]] and [[The Magician (French TV series)]] == Hi, can you please add more content to these; as they are, there isn't much information and might qualify for [[WP:QD]]. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:15, 14 April 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:BRPever|BRPever]] and BigKrow, I hope it was okay but I've rewritten and expanded the The Magician (French TV series) article, I find TV shows easy to create/expand so am more than help with these, If it wasn't okay then let me know and I won't interfere again, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 15:41, 14 April 2025 (UTC) :I improved this article called [[2001 Daytona 500]], did you like it? [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 15:44, 14 April 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for improving it guys. Looks much better. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:57, 14 April 2025 (UTC) :::You're welcome! [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 15:58, 14 April 2025 (UTC) ::::No worries :), Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 16:01, 14 April 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Emmi Drexel== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Emmi Drexel]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Emmi Drexel}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 11:52, 24 April 2025 (UTC) :Some of your non-notable articles as example of [[Amanda Crowe]] are deleted, i recommended you to follow [[WP:PEOPLE]]. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 11:58, 24 April 2025 (UTC) == Quality articles == Can you please expand your recent articles like [[Village of the Giants]]? Most of them are low quality and doesn't have any references, i recommended complete your article in your user space and follow [[WP:MOS]] i already left you notice message.<span id="Raayaan9911:1745741169178:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 08:06, 27 April 2025 (UTC)</span> ==Quick deletion of Diem T. T. Tran== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Diem T. T. Tran]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Diem T. T. Tran}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 11:00, 27 April 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of BUMRUSH45== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:BUMRUSH45]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:BUMRUSH45}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:03, 29 April 2025 (UTC) == Low quality articles == Please stop creating low quality articles, most of them are doesn't have any references, very short and doesn't have any cats. You're just beating others' articles count.<span id="Raayaan9911:1745943081219:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:11, 29 April 2025 (UTC)</span> :I like to create pages on all sorts of topics. @[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:13, 29 April 2025 (UTC) ::You liked to create articles, but, most of your articles are low quality or non-notable, please complete your articles in your user space. If you continue creating low quality articles, you may be blocked. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:24, 29 April 2025 (UTC) :::Ok thanks. @[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:28, 29 April 2025 (UTC) == April 2025 == [[File:Information.svg|25px|]] Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make changes to the encyclopedia. However, please do not add promotional material to articles or other Wikipedia pages, as you did to [[:BUMRUSH45]]. [[Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not#Wikipedia is not a soapbox|Advertising]] and using Wikipedia to promote a product or [[WP:NPOV|point of view]] is discouraged. Take a look at the [[Wikipedia:Introduction|welcome page]] to learn more about Wikipedia. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-advert1 --> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:29, 29 April 2025 (UTC) :Thank you friend. @[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:38, 29 April 2025 (UTC) == May 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] [[Wikipedia:Welcome|Welcome to Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to change things here, but talk pages are meant to be a record of a discussion. Deleting or changing [[Wikipedia:Assume good faith|good]] comments, as you did at [[:Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard]], [[Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines#Things not to do|should not be done]], even if you meant it well. Even fixing spelling and grammar in others' comments is usually advised against, because it can irritate the users whose wrote them. Take a look at the [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome page]] to learn more about how you can help build this encyclopedia. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-tpv1 --> [[User:TagUser|TagUser]] ([[User talk:TagUser|talk]]) 17:41, 1 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Information.svg|25px|]] Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! I do not want to seem unfriendly or make you feel unwelcome, but I noticed your user page, and I am concerned that it might not meet Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:User page|user page guideline]]. After you have read that guideline, could we discuss my concerns here? I'd like to hear your views, such as why you want the current page, and whether you might agree to change it to something else. There are several ways we can deal with this matter: *If you can explain why your user page meets Wikipedia's user page guideline, I can stop worrying about it. *If you decide to delete the page yourself, please add "<code><nowiki>{{UserQD}}</nowiki></code>" to the top of your user page. An [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] will then delete it. *If we can not agree on what needs to be done, I can list your user page at "[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion]]" so that we can discuss with other editors whether the page should be kept or deleted. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-userpage --> ''Please don't write your user page looks like a encyclopedia article, user page is not encyclopedia article.'' [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:58, 1 May 2025 (UTC) :It's allowed to use your user page for testing articles, but you shouldn't put it in categories or use stub tags. Thanks. [[User:TagUser|TagUser]] ([[User talk:TagUser|talk]]) 20:08, 1 May 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:TagUser|TagUser]], I think I fixed it. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 01:20, 2 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]], i think I fixed it. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 01:21, 2 May 2025 (UTC) ::I looked at it, your user page with your signature but it's allowed. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 04:59, 2 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Audrey Jean Backeberg== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Audrey Jean Backeberg]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Audrey Jean Backeberg}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 18:06, 5 May 2025 (UTC) == Toby Fox Reverted edit == Hello, today you made an edit on Simple English Wikipedia's page on [[Toby Fox]] where you claimed to revert a user's edit, but you actually reverted my edit, and I am not the user you mentioned. I am not sure whose edit you meant to revert, so I have not made any changes. I wanted to make you aware. Also, if you did mean to revert my edit, I would like to talk about it, since I don't see any problems with the edit I made. Thanks so much! [[Special:Contributions/24.119.235.231|24.119.235.231]] ([[User talk:24.119.235.231|talk]]) 19:45, 5 May 2025 (UTC) :My mistake, I now understand that you ''did'' mean to revert my edit. I had misread your edit summary, and became confused. Now that I understand your edit summary, my first message is mostly irrevelant. :I am still confused why my edit was reverted and would like to talk about it to see if we could come to an understanding. :[[Special:Contributions/24.119.235.231|24.119.235.231]] ([[User talk:24.119.235.231|talk]]) 00:06, 7 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Cozi Zuehlsdorff== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Cozi Zuehlsdorff]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Cozi Zuehlsdorff}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 15:15, 6 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Lycia== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Lycia]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Lycia}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 15:15, 6 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|25px]] Please stop making bad pages. If you continue, you will be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing and creating pages on Wikipedia. <!-- Template:uw-create3 --> ''Many of the articles you've created have been low quality, and not contained any references or categories. You also need to make sure that articles about people, groups or organizations explain why the subject is notable.'' [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 15:18, 6 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:J991|J991]] I was being lazy sorry I will add sources and etc. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:02, 6 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:J991|J991]] you might want to delete my other bad articles. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:31, 6 May 2025 (UTC) ::I can't delete them but some of them might get nominated for QD or RfD. [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 15:12, 7 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|25px]] Your changes are causing [[Wikipedia:Disruptive changing|disruption]] to the project and this is not acceptable. Please stop. If your disruption continues, you will be '''[[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing Wikipedia.''' <!---Template:uw-disruption---> –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:11, 6 May 2025 (UTC) :Specifically [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Fixx&diff=prev&oldid=10240463 this], you've been told to use edit summaries before and yet you still haven't, :The user (correctly) added an infobox and (incorrectly) added an External Links section - could you not have simply reworded the heading instead of reverting them?, Moreover how do you expect someone to fix their mistakes if you've not told them what it is they've done wrong in the first place? –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:14, 6 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, BigKrow. When you revert a user's changes, like you did earlier, don't forget to leave the user a message on their talk page, especially when reverting vandalism or a test edit. You may find [[Template:User talk page warnings/table]] useful when doing this, to let them know that the change was considered inappropriate, and to direct them to the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-warn --> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 17:08, 7 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Wadi Damm== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Wadi Damm]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Wadi Damm}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 02:28, 12 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]] A4 only applies to a person, group of people, band, club, company, product, service or web content. [[User:TagUser|TagUser]] ([[User talk:TagUser|talk]]) 02:37, 12 May 2025 (UTC) ::Articles about other topics can't be quick deleted for not claiming notability. [[User:TagUser|TagUser]] ([[User talk:TagUser|talk]]) 02:37, 12 May 2025 (UTC) :::I'm not sure there are rules against tagging articles with QD about other topics for not claiming notability, but i improved article, i have wait for admin's decision. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 08:42, 12 May 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] i told you to use your user space for creating articles before, i have tagged you to QD. This is your last warning you'll get, if you continue creating low quality or non-notable articles, you may reported you to [[WP:ANI]]. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 08:49, 12 May 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]], im sorry. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:49, 13 May 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]], some info is better than nothing... [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 23:09, 13 May 2025 (UTC) :::::Please don't ping me again, it's considered unnecessary. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 02:51, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Notability tag == Please don't tag notability tag in bottom of talk pages like [[Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)]], it's considered wrong tag, if you made mistake? It's okay, don't worry, you should place carefully. Thanks!<span id="Raayaan9911:1747205566778:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 06:52, 14 May 2025 (UTC)</span> ==Quick deletion of Mordecai Shenhavi== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Mordecai Shenhavi]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Mordecai Shenhavi}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:15, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Douglas Williams (cricketer)== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Douglas Williams (cricketer)]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Douglas Williams (cricketer)}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:28, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Notice == [[File:Information icon4.svg|32px]] Hello. This message is being sent to tell you that there is currently a discussion at [[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard]] regarding an issue with which you may have been involved. The thread is "[[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard#BigKrow continued creating low quality or non-notable articles after final warning|BigKrow continued creating low quality or non-notable articles after final warning]]". Thank you.<!--Template:AN-notice--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:33, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Budh Singh Faizalpuria== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Budh Singh Faizalpuria]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Budh Singh Faizalpuria}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 17:06, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Partial block == Due to your history of creating bad articles on simplewiki and as a reciprocal block under [[WP:ONESTRIKE]] I have implemented a 6 month block preventing you from creating new articles. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 18:37, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], I appeal this outragious decision!!!! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:27, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ::Feel free. It is no different to your situation on enwiki. You've been warned and warned but you have chosen to ignore those warning and the community has asked for admin action. This has now been done. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 19:34, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], no it isn't done i request you all give me my creating new articles rights back, i have done nothing wrong i plead my innocence.... [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:36, 14 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Stop hand nuvola.svg|30px]] This is the '''only warning''' you will get for the bad changes you made. In your comments, talk about the changes editors have made, and do not insult the editors. If you make another personal attack on an editor&#32;as you did at [[:User talk:Fr33kman]], you may be '''[[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing Wikipedia'''. <!-- Template:uw-npa4im --> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:49, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]], leave me alone [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:50, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Unblock request == {{unblock reviewed|1=sorry i sweared but Fr33kman its not fair BigKrow (talk) 19:54, 14 May 2025 (UTC)|decline=No good reason provided for unblock. Please read [[WP:UNBLOCK]]. -- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 20:17, 22 May 2025 (UTC)}} == Full block == Due to your use of abusive language and behaviour I have fully blocked you. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 19:58, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], no [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:59, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ::Firstly, I suggest you calm down and think before you post. Secondly, wait for another admin to review your block and in the meantime think about why you've been blocked and what are the reasons you should be unblocked. I don't want to see you fully blocked but your current handling of the situation is very immature. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:08, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :::Hi, @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], could I still use my userspace to try to get an article reviewed for approval? Thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:04, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ::::I don't think the partial block will affect your creating pages in your user space. I see no problem with you using your user space to write new articles for review. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 21:10, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :::::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], I appreciate your patience with me, thank you! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:11, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Back to partial block == I have reset your block to a partial block as I think you just panicked and I want you able to take part in the discussion on ANI. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:13, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :Much appreciated, I do apologize to you @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], and all of Simple English Wikipedia. I was wrong about the matter. Do with wish as you please, sincerely [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:23, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Pestering == Please stop with [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Fr33kman&diff=prev&oldid=10259747 this] otherwise you really are going to be indefinitely blocked and next time you won't be unblocked as quickly!, You are blocked from creating articles for 6 months .... so take that time to understand how articles are created and what they entail (how they should look), Creating subpages and asking the blocking admin (or anyone) to review your articles is not okay and it stops now. Again, take the time to learn from your block and take the time to read articles and the various help pages we have here. You should also be aware that [[WP:CIR|Competence is required]] to edit here and at this moment in time you're failing that so unless you stop you're either going to be indefinetely blocked for [[WP:CIR|not getting it]] or pestering people. I have removed your post from Fr33kmans talkpage and seriously suggest you stop, Thank you. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:06, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] look at my user page [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:08, 15 May 2025 (UTC) ::You don't explain why he is notable. He would need to be a well-known artist, on a major record label, the recipient of major awards etc. You need reliable resources that you can cite: major magazines, media websites, newspapers etc. As you have it now I could delete it under QD:A4. Also please create sub-pages under your user space instead of using your user page. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:16, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::Example (of title for a) sub-page: [[User:BigKrow/August Harbaum]], in regard to the topic in the next post. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|talk]]) 03:22, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::Can i blank their user page and then create user space by copying their current user page for draft? [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 03:45, 15 May 2025 (UTC) ::::No. For starters: A wikipedia-user 'has to be the one', that start his-or-her-own sub-page or user-page (or even 'regular user-page'). [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:7580:532A:8665:BB|2001:2020:303:BB75:7580:532A:8665:BB]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:7580:532A:8665:BB|talk]]) 05:17, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::::It's has a stub template and category, please see [[WP:USER]]. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 05:22, 15 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::Remove "<nowiki>{{bio-stub}}</nowiki>" and "<nowiki>[[Category:Musicians]]</nowiki>", from '''that''' user-page.--Good catch!--However, I recommend that anyone '''except''' user:Raayaan9911, make that edit. (Note: i have got absolutely nothing agains user:Raayaan9911.) [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173|2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173|talk]]) 17:45, 15 May 2025 (UTC) /[[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173|2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173|talk]]) 17:49, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::{{Done}} i removed stub and category in their user page. :::::::@[[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] please don't use stub templates or categories in your user page, i already warned you. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 18:43, 15 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Glad to see my comment has been read and understood. Why are we allowing this user to circumvent the block by creating subpages of articles. Either way I shan't bother further wasting my breath here. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 19:47, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::::I removed stub and category in their user page only, i didn't allowing this user circumvent the block by create subpages of articles, i just misunderstood it. Don't worry :) [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:52, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::::I also undid my edit in their user page. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:58, 15 May 2025 (UTC) {{outdent}} The category and stub template should be removed or commented out. We can't categorize userpages in categories meant for mainspace articles. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 20:05, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] Thank you for clarifying misunderstanding. :@[[User:Davey2010|Davey2010]] user pages doesn't categorize it, it's only categorize mainspace articles. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 20:17, 15 May 2025 (UTC) == A middle manager in a killing-machine of Nazi-Germany == [[August_Harbaum]]. Please read edit remark, about 'what you seriously should consider, doing to the article'. See edit-comment in the following diff, simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=August_Harbaum&diff=10260053&oldid=10259259 Without c. all those 'German sources' (at the end of one particular sentence/period), then your article could easily get deleted 'on a bad day'. In my opinion, the Swedish wiki-article is a strong 'Delete-candidate'. However, the German wiki-article is an 'obvious keep', at German-wiki, in my opinion - however, i seriously doubt that a case could be made, in regard that he was a "key person" or "key figure".--He was part of [[middle management]] (of a killing operation also), it seems. However, he is a noted person, in the concentration camp system; 'The proof is partially in, that the German-wiki article has not been nominated for Delete !'.--I am fine with me doing c. no more work on this article.--Note: it is possible that his 'notability in German media, is largely because he managed not to be arrested-and-sent-to-trial, even though he was sited, as late as in the 2000s. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|talk]]) 03:14, 15 May 2025 (UTC) /[[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|talk]]) 03:17, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :If my first post (in this thread) seems helpful, then fine. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|talk]]) 03:16, 15 May 2025 (UTC) == QD noms == I have undone the last two QD nominations you did. The first broke the RfD page and the second was not nonsense. Please be more careful. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:55, 16 May 2025 (UTC) :ohh... [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:56, 16 May 2025 (UTC) == Template:This date in recent years/table == Are you planning to complete the nomination for this article at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:This date in recent years/table]]? Otherwise, please remove the RFD tag and the transclusion at the RFD list. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:38, 16 May 2025 (UTC) :someone can fix it.... @[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:39, 16 May 2025 (UTC) ::It's not someone else's job to fix it. If you're nominating something for deletion, you need to follow through with all the steps. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:41, 16 May 2025 (UTC) :::i refuse to fix it @[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:42, 16 May 2025 (UTC) ::::As you refuse to complete the nomination process, I have reverted your tagging of the article as an RFD. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:50, 16 May 2025 (UTC) == Herminie, Pennsylvania == Can you give a source for the information you provided on [[Herminie, Pennsylvania]]? Some of it appears to be wrong. [[Special:Contributions/2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99|2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99]] ([[User talk:2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99|talk]]) 20:05, 27 May 2025 (UTC) :I did. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:05, 27 May 2025 (UTC) ::https://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/pennsylvania/herminie doesn't seem to be a reliable source. [[Special:Contributions/2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99|2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99]] ([[User talk:2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99|talk]]) 20:09, 27 May 2025 (UTC) == Unexplained reverts == I noticed two reverts by you in the past hour or so that seem to be removing good faith improvements to articles with no explanations. * [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polandball&diff=prev&oldid=10295891 Revert one] * [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Melanie_Brown&diff=prev&oldid=10295904 Revert two] If you're going to make these reverts, you need to explain why you're making them. But, I don't believe either revert should have happened in the first place. Please be mindful in your revert actions and your usage of Twinkle. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 01:41, 30 May 2025 (UTC) == Use full sentences == When you add information to articles, please make sure that you write them in full sentences. Several of your changes today have been simply listing facts instead of writing them into sentence form. Please make sure you utilize proper grammar. Additionally, make sure all the information you add is properly cited as well. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:11, 30 May 2025 (UTC) == More edits of concern == I am concerned about these edits you made today: [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_Don%27t_Want_To&diff=prev&oldid=10297192], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santee,_California&diff=prev&oldid=10297194], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell_Gardens,_California&diff=prev&oldid=10297200], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Airuno&diff=prev&oldid=10297140], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campagnatico&diff=prev&oldid=10297144]. They all introduced information to the articles that were without sources and were complex in their language. Where did the information come from that you put into the articles? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 13:53, 30 May 2025 (UTC) :How about [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satoshi_Nakamoto&diff=prev&oldid=10299006 this edit]? Where did you get the information from? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 00:10, 31 May 2025 (UTC) ::I think they are using AI chatbot to write article. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 23:55, 31 May 2025 (UTC) :::Oh I assumed as much as well. I’m just looking for them to say it. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 23:57, 31 May 2025 (UTC) == AI-generated content == Please stop using AI chatbot to generate articles, any AI generated contents are complex as example of [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_remember&diff=prev&oldid=10298599 diff]. Please see [[WP:GPT]].<span id="Raayaan9911:1748734854286:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 23:40, 31 May 2025 (UTC)</span> :Your [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aryan_Brotherhood_of_Texas&diff=prev&oldid=10298977 diff] also has a AI-generated content. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 23:55, 31 May 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Maison du Boulanger== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Maison du Boulanger]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maison du Boulanger]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 13:34, 1 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Darius (French artist)== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Darius (French artist)]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Darius (French artist)}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 13:12, 4 June 2025 (UTC) == QD == Please be very careful at QD, your [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Nut_(fruit)&diff=prev&oldid=10309577 diff] has been tagged QD, you can remove disruptive comment. Tagging QD on new disruptive comments are unnecessary. Thanks!<span id="Raayaan9911:1749061606688:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 18:26, 4 June 2025 (UTC)</span> :I also improved [[2018–19 NBA season]]. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 18:28, 4 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Ding Liren's Immortal Game== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Ding Liren's Immortal Game]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Ding Liren's Immortal Game}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 19:04, 5 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Wadi Damm== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Wadi Damm]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Wadi Damm}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 19:09, 5 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Professional wrestling throws== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Professional wrestling throws]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Professional wrestling throws}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:11, 9 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Go Mecha Ball== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Go Mecha Ball]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Go Mecha Ball}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:32, 15 June 2025 (UTC) == film/movie articles == Hi BigKrow, hope you are doing well. Please note that all our articles on films/movies that need disambiguation use the title "movie" rather than "film" as movie is in BE 1500 but film is not. Thanks, --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:51, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == "Vandalism" == Hi BigKrow, If you're not sure on what is and what isn't vandalism then please don't revert, Anyone with half a braincell knows [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Island_Def_Jam_Music_Group&diff=prev&oldid=10367887 this] '''isn't''' vandalism and although I can understand ''how'' you reached that conclusion (because of the articles content) you still should've had the common sense to revert back to a non-Joseph revision instead of simply reverting a well-established editor. Be careful otherwise you could be blocked, Thank you. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 16:58, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Davey2010|Davey2010]] the edit that BigKrow reverted does look like vandalism. The editor replaced five grammatically correct paragraphs with two "paragraphs", both of which are grammatically unreadable nonsense. I'm not sure how :<pre>Net worth $55 million produce song for Zendaya Chris brown j.cole Nekfeu many upcoming artist</pre> :could be a helpful addition to an article. [[Special:Contributions/96.65.201.225|96.65.201.225]] ([[User talk:96.65.201.225|talk]]) 17:01, 2 July 2025 (UTC) cxh9j98ur7jxf50sopd4ioz9xsp9a42 10367930 10367927 2025-07-02T17:03:58Z Davey2010 314522 /* "Vandalism" */ Reply 10367930 wikitext text/x-wiki == Welcome == Hello, '''BigKrow''', and [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome]] to the '''Simple English Wikipedia'''! Thank you for [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|your changes]]. You may want to begin by reading these pages: * [[Help:Contents|Help]] * [[Wikipedia:Rules|Rules]] * [[Wikipedia:Useful|Links to useful pages]] * [[Wikipedia:How to write Simple English pages|How to write Simple English pages]] * [[Wikipedia:How to copy from another Wikipedia|How to copy from another Wikipedia]] For some ideas of pages to work on, read [[Wikipedia:Requested pages]] or the [[Special:Wantedpages|list of wanted pages]]. You can [[Wikipedia:Be bold in updating pages|change any pages you want!]] Any changes you make can be seen right away. You can ask questions at [[Wikipedia:Simple talk]]. At the end of your messages on talk pages, please sign your name by clicking [[File:Insert-signature.svg]] or using four [[tilde]]s <nowiki>(~~~~)</nowiki>; this will show your username and the date. If you need help just <span class="plainlinks">'''[http://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Mytalk&action=edit&section=new click here]'''</span> and type '''<nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki>''' and your question and someone will reply to you shortly. Good luck and happy changing! <!-- Template:Welcome --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 03:10, 28 December 2023 (UTC) :Thanks! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 04:14, 28 December 2023 (UTC) == February 2024 == [[Image:information.svg|30px|left]]Hey there, BigKrow! Here are a few good ideas that you can use to help making articles in the future: *If the article that you made is under 1,500 characters, please add the {{tl|stub}} template into the article near the end (below the "Other websites" section, and below any categories). This will let other editors know that it is a short article that needs to be made longer. *If you have no idea what [[Wikipedia:Categories|categories]] an article that you begin should go under, please add the {{tl|uncat}} template to the article. This will let other editors know that you need help categorizing the article properly. Thanks for reading this long message, and happy changing here on Simple English Wikipedia!<!--Template:Uw-newarticle--> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 07:16, 3 February 2024 (UTC) :Thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:28, 13 February 2024 (UTC) == Quick deletion == Hi there. Please make sure to provide a reason to delete the article you are requesting speedy deletion of, with the reason being one of the criteria listed on the [[WP:DEL|deletion policy]]. You can format it as {{tlx|sd|a1}} for example. Thanks, --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]])</small> 22:21, 13 February 2024 (UTC) :Thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:28, 13 February 2024 (UTC) == Please provide reasons for deletion requests == Hello, at [[:en:n:special:diff/4763486]], an admin has requested you to provide valid reasons for your deletion requests. Please remember that the same manner is expected in all Wikimedia projects including here. Please also note that deletion requests without reasons may be rejected. For valid reasons for our project, please see [[WP:QD]]. In addition, SD tags must come to the top, not the bottom. If you add tags to the bottom, admins have to scroll to the end of the page. Thank you for helping simplewiki. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 01:47, 26 February 2024 (UTC) : Again, please provide reasons for deletion requests. If you don't know how to write them, feel free to ask questions. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:22, 21 March 2024 (UTC) == [[Wikipedia:Twinkle]] == Please consider using this, this can help your deletion requests. It is widely used in our project and enwiki. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:00, 26 February 2024 (UTC) == Deletion requests == I was processing current deletion requests and noticed that your request for Dj Tubet was not listed at [[WP:Deletion requests]]. When you create a deletion request, you must list it there or it will not be processed. I will put it there, but please be sure to do that yourself for any that you create in the future. Thanks. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 12:54, 1 March 2024 (UTC) == Drug dog == Two things: # Do you think [[Drug dog]] should be redirected to [[Police dog]]? # A user who created an article is usually allowed to blank it (especially if they just recently created it). This is taken to mean that they accept it being deleted, and it can be deleted under {{tl|Qd-author}}. [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 17:46, 6 March 2024 (UTC) :Drug sniffing dog or police dog sounds fine, what do you think? Thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:49, 6 March 2024 (UTC) ::I mean we already have an article about [[police dog]]s, and a drug-sniffing dog is one kind of police dog, but maybe the page [[drug dog]] isn't yet long enough to be a separate article. [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 17:51, 6 March 2024 (UTC) :::RFD? [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:52, 6 March 2024 (UTC) ::::I'll just redirect it. [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 17:52, 6 March 2024 (UTC) :::::k. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:53, 6 March 2024 (UTC) == Hey == Just wanted to let you know I did a test on my rollback as a script seemed to be blocking it. I reverted it back to your edit with the qd tag on it. Did not want you to be confused. Thanks - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 14:59, 2 April 2024 (UTC) :No problem! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:08, 2 April 2024 (UTC) ::So what do you think now? [[Erich von Manstein]] Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 17:04, 2 April 2024 (UTC) :::Looks great!!! Thank you!!! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:35, 2 April 2024 (UTC) == Linking == Hey BigKrow, To let you know we do not link to common terms that are universally known. I saw you relinked Village, Saskatchewan, and Canada in [[La Loche shootings]]. Saskatchewan I feel is ok, because not everyone will know will that is, but every person knows a a country and a village. Are you ok if I remove the links to those 2? Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 21:31, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :Yes [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:32, 3 April 2024 (UTC) ::Ok done. Also, I do not know if we have the full version here, but this is the en wiki version [[:w:Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking|Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking]]. ::Our exceptions: ::#We want redlinks galore (en wiki does not and hates them!) - Helps to find out what pages need to be created via [[Special:WantedPages]] (you may find something in there you want to write about too) I have found a few I do when I get time) ::#Common terms that everyone knows (like the two I mentioned) we do not do. Our goal is to keep it simple and if we link to all common terms, then we take the reader off of that article to another one to find out they already know what a village is, what a police force is, what the internet is, etc. ::There is a link and a conversation somewhere that I cannot recall at the moment as I am working on an article for someone and doing a review, but I figured this can be helpful for you. Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 21:42, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :::Thank you for being kind to me even though I was being an arse to you.... [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:45, 3 April 2024 (UTC) ::::Hey it is all good. Things happen and they go away. We all make mistakes and we learn from them. Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 21:55, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :::{{tps}} I think Simple English Wikipedia is different because we can only assume people know the words on [[WP:Basic English combined wordlist]], and [[Canada]] and [[village]] aren't on that list, so it would be okay to link them. [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 21:45, 3 April 2024 (UTC) ::::Ok you two please work matters out, ty. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:46, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :::::@[[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] :::::Village - [[Wikipedia:VOA_Special_English_Word_Book]] :::::As far as Canada, per MOS we do not link well known countries, however, we can link to the article [[Saskatchewan|Saskatchewan, Canada]] which makes more sense (actually I will make that change now). See [[Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Places]], [[Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Wikilinking]] :::::We do not strictly use the 850 or 1500 word books as other things come into play, like the link above on the VOA. Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 22:08, 3 April 2024 (UTC) ::::::I understand, thanks! [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 22:09, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :::::::@[[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] Anytime. Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 22:10, 3 April 2024 (UTC) == Regarding your recent edit. == Hey @[[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]], I saw you added {{tl|complex}} template on [[Kanyakubja Brahmin]]. I edited this article with as easy english as it can be. Can you exactly point out or explain which part of this article may not be easy for everybody to understand so that i can try to make it easier? [[User:Hong Wei Qin|Hong Wei Qin]] ([[User talk:Hong Wei Qin|talk]]) 00:33, 8 April 2024 (UTC) :Fixed template syntax, please use tl in future. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 01:07, 8 April 2024 (UTC) == Please avoid user page creations like [[special:redirect/logid/2686748]] == You have no reason to make user pages for others, and the username is unacceptable. You are just increasing admin jobs, and it is not helpful. Please avoid userpage creations like this in the future. Thank you for your attention. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 01:06, 8 April 2024 (UTC) == Concerns of unacceptable edit summaries in your recent edits == For example, [[special:diff/9466778]] includes an unacceptable username in the edit summary. In order to avoid this situation. You may want to use manual reverts instead of automated reverts generating problematic edit summaries. I hope this can help you. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 01:13, 8 April 2024 (UTC) == Reporting == When reporting users please use twinkle or else it doesn’t post correctly on the VIP board. Also to prevent other formatting issues please use it to warn other users as the templates you are using do not work and have to be substituted. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 03:57, 8 April 2024 (UTC) == [[Boletus edulis]] == I am done with it now. We had a few edit conflicts. If you see I am working on or just made an edit, I might still be working on it. If you could just wait and if you do not see me make a change within about 5 minutes, then I am probably done. Sometimes, especially with species, I have to make a template to correct an error or I am transferring something over from enwp to fix it. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 02:10, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :Understood, thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:10, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::No worries :) Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 02:11, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == Our [[template:warn]] is different from English Wikinews == Please have a careful look at the template, and choose the right template for each situation. Thank you for your attention. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:50, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :Gotcha, thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:51, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Charles Robinson (actor, born 1945)== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Charles Robinson (actor, born 1945)]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Charles Robinson (actor, born 1945)}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#g2|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 03:03, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == [[We Ride]] == Hi, not sure if you know how to fix this, but the cite av media note reference is throwing errors and does not give me much information on how to fix it. If you want to take a look and can fix it, please do and then ping me so I can see what you did. Thanks. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 15:07, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :I'm sorry I messed it up and I don't know how to restore it... apologies. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 15:09, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:PotsdamLamb|PotsdamLamb]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 15:09, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::You did not mess it up. I was working on fixing the references. That is one I do not know how to fix, as I have not worked with that template before. I will have to figure it out later. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 15:11, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == List of George Polk Award winners == Please give a reason why you [[special:diff/9471605|undid]] my correction of the [[Commonly misspelled words|misspelled]] ''miniscule'' to the correct spelling ''[[wikt:minuscule|minuscule]]''. Thank you. [[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] ([[User talk:Federhalter|talk]]) 16:32, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :I was mistaken sorry. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:33, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:33, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::@[[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] Just so you know neither version is simple English so it should be simplified anyways. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 16:36, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :::@[[User:PotsdamLamb|PotsdamLamb]] sorry. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:37, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::Now I see that I was wrong, because it is a quote and I did not follow [[WP:PUNC]] [[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] ([[User talk:Federhalter|talk]]) 17:08, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :::Ok no harm done. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:10, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:10, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == I’m confused == Why would you create [[Architecture in Stockholm]] and then tag it with ''it may not be notable enough'' to be on SEWP? There is a very in-depth article on [[:w:Architecture in Stockholm|ENWP]] with the same title. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 23:20, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == April 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, BigKrow. When you revert a user's changes, like you did earlier, don't forget to leave the user a message on their talk page, especially when reverting vandalism or a test edit. You may find [[Template:User talk page warnings/table]] useful when doing this, to let them know that the change was considered inappropriate, and to direct them to the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-warn --> ''Using twinkle will automatically do this for you with the right settings.'' Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 00:33, 12 April 2024 (UTC) == RfD vs. QD == So you know instead of filling up the RfD board, you can select an article for QD for not being notable as long as there are no claims to notability in the article or if someone disputes it claiming notability. Otherwise you can QD it and an admin will make the final decision. It may take a bit to get used to it. I’m bringing this up because of one of the articles I was going through (before I got sidetracked with vandalism reverts) got my attention. If you have any questions, please let me know. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 05:47, 12 April 2024 (UTC) == New pages == Hi there again. When you are creating new pages (like you did with [[Riki Choshu]]), they need to be complete and formatted properly. A one or two sentence article with an external link is not meant for this Wikipedia and can be subjected to QD and the more you make, the higher of a chance you get blocked for project disruption and making bad new pages. I recommend you look at [[Wikipedia:Guide to layout]] to see how these should be done. So please take a moment and review it and then work on the article. If you plan on making an bona-fide article, I recommend starting it in your userspace, then when completed move it to the mainspace. If you want reviews on an article, you are more than welcome to ask me directly on my talk page or you can ask on [[WP:ST|Simple Talk]]. While discussing on simple talk about enabling the new Mentor program here, one of our administrators had the following comment: {{blockquote|Also, please, please, PLEASE do not make it a goal to reach a certain number of articles. Every time we approach a big round number, we get a lot of minimal articles created just to inflate the number. A lot of those articles are of poor quality, and some even have to be deleted. -- Auntof6 (talk) 21:20, 12 April 2024 (UTC) (you can read the conversation here [[Wikipedia:Simple_talk#RfC_-_Turn_on_mentoring_system|Turn on mentoring system]]}} Your help in creating good articles would be appreciated as it is less work for other editors to have to do. As always, if you have any question, please feel free to ping me here or ask me on my page. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 01:23, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == [[User:BigKrow/1999 Sydney hailstorm]] == I moved the page 1999 Sydney hailstorm to your user space until you complete it. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 03:01, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == Notice == [[File:Information icon4.svg|32px]] Hello. This message is being sent to tell you that there is currently a discussion at [[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard]] regarding an issue with which you may have been involved. The thread is "[[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard#Issues with User:BigKrow|Issues with User:BigKrow]]". Thank you.<!--Template:AN-notice--> Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 04:29, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == Comments on another user talk == I saw the ping and conversation you left on another editors talk page about I need to stop interfering. They are correct in that you should post on my talk page and not theirs. So what seems to be the issue? Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 18:56, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == Very short articles == Hi, I've noticed that you've published some articles which are very short and don't contain a lot of content. I would suggest you to move them to your personal user pages, and once you have added substantial content, you can then put them into the mainspace. Remember, we want ''quality over quantity'' on Wikipedia. We don't want to create as much articles as possible because what really matters is the quality of articles. See featured articles as an example – they have a lot of info put into them and adhere to many article 'rules' on Wikipedia. Also, I suggest you to read the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]] so you know the formatting to articles, like references, citations, and etc. Happy changing! [[User:TheWikiCyclone|TheWikiCyclone]] ([[User talk:TheWikiCyclone|talk]]) 20:45, 13 April 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:TheWikiCyclone|TheWikiCyclone]] I'll try to start new articles with a good amount of information, apologies. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:46, 13 April 2024 (UTC) ::Thank you! 👍 [[User:TheWikiCyclone|TheWikiCyclone]] ([[User talk:TheWikiCyclone|talk]]) 21:00, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == Previous accounts == Hello. Have you used other accounts to edit the Simple English Wikipedia? Regards, [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 01:45, 14 April 2024 (UTC) :Yes, I m not going to deny that if thats the case block me for how ever long @[[User:Vermont|Vermont]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 01:47, 14 April 2024 (UTC) ::@[[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] Can you enlist all your previous usernames to make it more clear? [[User:DIVINE|<b style="color:#29F">DI</b><b style="color:red">V</b>]][[User talk:DIVINE|<b style="color:#080">I</b><b style="color:#808">N</b>]][[Special:Contribs/DIVINE|<b style="color:#FA0">E</b>]] 01:59, 14 April 2024 (UTC) :::I honestly don't remember@[[User:DIVINE|DIVINE]] because I suffer from mental illness sorry I would like to help [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:09, 15 April 2024 (UTC) ::::So how many other accounts have you used before. This a violation of the policies [[User:Darrenchant|Darrenchant]] ([[User talk:Darrenchant|talk]]) 12:35, 21 December 2024 (UTC) == [[Gate io Referans Kodu: 3930511]] == When an article is not in English here, please QD it as A5 "Not written in English." Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 20:33, 16 April 2024 (UTC) :K thnx [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:39, 16 April 2024 (UTC) [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, {{BASEPAGENAME}}! Here at Simple English Wikipedia, we use the section heading "Other websites" instead of English Wikipedia's "External links", which you used in "[[:Erich Kulke]]". This makes it simpler and easier to read. Please remember to use "Other websites" in pages that you create in the future. Thank you for your help!<!-- Template:Uw-otherweb --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 11:31, 18 April 2024 (UTC) :Thank you for telling me!!! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 15:38, 18 April 2024 (UTC) == Edit summaries == Hey when making an edit, even if minor, make sure to use the edit summary. Example is correcting spelling or grammar just use ce as the summary as that is a common term we understand. It means copy edit. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 02:41, 19 April 2024 (UTC) :Gotcha, thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:42, 19 April 2024 (UTC) == New article issues (again) == Hey when you bring over articles you need to include the references. You can also copy over the infoboxes from ENWP without issue. Always preview any article for any errors or in infoboxes look for any reflinks and fix the errors. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 23:44, 19 April 2024 (UTC) == QD A1 == Hello, QD A1 and other reasons in [[WP:AQD]] only apply to articles. For talk pages, please use reasons in [[WP:GQD]]. Thank you for your attention. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:53, 15 May 2024 (UTC) == Your warnings == If you are warning a user for making bad changes, use <nowiki>{{uw-vandalism1}}, {{uw-vandalism2}}, {{uw-vandalism3}}, and {{uw-vandalism4}}</nowiki>. Using <nowiki>{{warn}}</nowiki> instead tells them that they should warn other users when they undo their edits. I assume that's not what you meant to say. [[User:VirusDontKill|VirusDontKill]] ([[User talk:VirusDontKill|talk]]) 20:04, 14 August 2024 (UTC) :Thanks [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:16, 14 August 2024 (UTC) == My edit wasn't vandalism == I redirected a title which was missing a space to the correct title. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:E41D:46CD:505E:6D8E|2601:644:907E:A70:E41D:46CD:505E:6D8E]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:E41D:46CD:505E:6D8E|talk]]) 21:21, 14 December 2024 (UTC) :Ok. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:37, 14 December 2024 (UTC) == Hari Singh Bhangi == Can you tell me why you nominated Hari Singh Bhangi page you aren't even responding in discussion [[User:Jisshu|Jisshu]] ([[User talk:Jisshu|talk]]) 18:48, 20 December 2024 (UTC) :No Wikipedia page, {{ping|Jisshu}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:49, 20 December 2024 (UTC) ::he had Wikipedia page name hari Singh Dhillon [[User:Jisshu|Jisshu]] ([[User talk:Jisshu|talk]]) 18:50, 20 December 2024 (UTC) ::he was leader of Bhangi Misl so that's why he also refer as Hari Singh Bhangi[[User:Jisshu|Jisshu]] ([[User talk:Jisshu|talk]]) 18:51, 20 December 2024 (UTC) :::I moved it {{ping|Jisshu}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:55, 20 December 2024 (UTC) ::::thank you [[User:Jisshu|Jisshu]] ([[User talk:Jisshu|talk]]) 18:55, 20 December 2024 (UTC) == Repeated Vandalism == Hey Bigkrow, hope you’re doing good. There is a user https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Medicomonk&redlink=1 who is again and again vandalising pages as he did to the page ‘Anangpal Tomar’ and ‘Tomar’. I already warned the user to add information based on citations and not to cause vandalism inspite of that the user is constantly trying to do povpush. I reverted the changes made by this user but please intervine. Thank you [[User:HistorianAlferedo|HistorianAlferedo]] ([[User talk:HistorianAlferedo|talk]]) 20:08, 20 December 2024 (UTC) :{{ping|HistorianAlferedo}} At this point seek help from admins, thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:12, 20 December 2024 (UTC) == December 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Thank you for changing Wikipedia. We welcome all changes, but we can have only changes that are in [[Wikipedia:About|simple English]], and your new changes to "[[:Wamiqa Gabbi]]" were not simple. Please see [[Wikipedia:How to write Simple English pages]] so you can write more simply in the future. Thank you. <!-- Template:Uw-simple --> [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 13:05, 21 December 2024 (UTC) :{{ping|BZPN}} I'm pretty sure it was simplified. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:15, 21 December 2024 (UTC) ::It was not. I'm pretty sure that it was something like "She is pseudonym", which is actually nonsense. [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 19:19, 21 December 2024 (UTC) :::{{ping|BZPN}}, it was a typing error wow you fault me? [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:21, 21 December 2024 (UTC) ::::Maybe it was, but a reader could not understand it anyway. It was also unsourced. [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 19:36, 21 December 2024 (UTC) == Old St. Louis Mills QD == Hey, I have a question about the QD on [[Old St Louis Mills]] whilst the page is an obvious hoax, would that count as nonsense or a obvious hoax, or does that cover both? [[User:Jayden Johnson 2314|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:purple"> 𝙹.𝙹.</span>]][[User talk:Jayden Johnson 2314|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:black">𝕋𝕒𝕝𝕜 📬📧</span>]] 17:59, 22 December 2024 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Drake Maye== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Drake Maye]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Drake Maye}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 22:20, 22 December 2024 (UTC) == Maithili cinema == Why do you want, [[Maithili cinema]] should be remove? And why are you removing full stop? [[User:Smjdschool|Smjdschool]] ([[User talk:Smjdschool|talk]]) 11:32, 23 December 2024 (UTC) == The Crow Eaters == Please extend [[The Crow Eaters]] with references and more content. Otherwise, it may be deleted for not claiming notability. [[Special:Contributions/174.160.82.127|174.160.82.127]] ([[User talk:174.160.82.127|talk]]) 22:10, 29 December 2024 (UTC) == December 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, {{ROOTPAGENAME}}! Here at Simple English Wikipedia, we use the section heading "Other websites" instead of English Wikipedia's "External links". This makes it simpler and easier to read. Please remember to use "Other websites" in pages that you create in the future. Thank you for your help!<!-- Template:Uw-otherweb --> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 03:10, 31 December 2024 (UTC) :Thank you! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:04, 2 January 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Rozvi Empire== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Rozvi Empire]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Rozvi Empire]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Garudam|Garudam]] ([[User talk:Garudam|talk]]) 09:36, 3 January 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of The Crow Eaters== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:The Crow Eaters]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Crow Eaters]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Garudam|Garudam]] ([[User talk:Garudam|talk]]) 10:13, 3 January 2025 (UTC) == Deletion requests 2 == Hi, when you make an RfD, please list it at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion]]. I am hoping you can list [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fuller Road]] to show that you know how to do it. Thanks. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:E5B9:8B7B:A42C:77C|2601:644:907E:A70:E5B9:8B7B:A42C:77C]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:E5B9:8B7B:A42C:77C|talk]]) 21:25, 4 January 2025 (UTC) :If you don't add it then I can add it. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:4D8F:73EF:8E4A:F490|2601:644:907E:A70:4D8F:73EF:8E4A:F490]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:4D8F:73EF:8E4A:F490|talk]]) 02:05, 5 January 2025 (UTC) == January 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to Wikipedia. Your change to the page [[:Karkota dynasty]] worked, but because it had things in it which did not help improve the page, it was [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you would like to do more tests on Wikipedia, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. You may also want to read the [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome page]] to learn about helping the Simple English Wikipedia. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-test1 --> ''Kindly add the reason while the addition of maintenance tags, Thanks'' [[User:Shakib ul hassan|<span style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; color:black;">Shakib ul hassan</span>]] [[User talk:Shakib ul hassan|<span style="font-weight:bold; color:grey; font-size:90%; position:relative; top:-2px;"> talk!</span>]] 19:25, 6 January 2025 (UTC) == Mourning Doves == I saw the edit war on the [[Mourning Dove]] article, they aren't native or introduced in pakistan, and it's not mentioned anywhere, do you have a source that would say otherwise? [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:16, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :Yes. Http://www.earthlife.net [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:17, 10 January 2025 (UTC) ::Could you link the specific source instead of just the website itself? Also, I saw that you said you researched it using Copilot? Using copilot as a source is not reliable at all. [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:20, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :::https://earthlife.net/mourning-doves/ {{ping|RiggedMint}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:22, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :::I think copilot is, but if SEW doesn't accept it I won't use it, thanks {{ping|RiggedMint}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:24, 10 January 2025 (UTC) ::::You seem to be referencing another encyclopedic-like source, there still isn't a good source of these guys being in pakistan, as quoted in the supposed source: "''These doves have been introduced to Hawaii and Pakistan.''" This is not a good reliable source onto if mourning doves were actually introduced in pakistan. I think it needs more context onto if they are actually there, no? And if so, it only needs a simple mention on the article. It does not need a category, as it's not native to pakistan. [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:30, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :::::TL;DR, try to find a more reliable and more contextful source, then i'll think it'll be good. Just don't put it as a category without any context. [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:32, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :::::Okay apologies, sorry i didn't mean to cause problems. {{ping|RiggedMint}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:32, 10 January 2025 (UTC) ::::::Yeah, you're fine. [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:34, 10 January 2025 (UTC) == Edits == Hi BigKrow, So sorry for rollbacking you, We change conflicted and I lost everything so I rollbacked you hoping if I clicked back a few times after the system would then think your edits were never made if that makes sense, I'll be honest I paniced and didn't want to lose everything I just did but nonetheless so sorry for rollbacking you - thank you for adding the full stops to the article it's much appreciated :), I've reinstated your edits and have finished editing there so you're more than welcome to edit it again :), Thanks, Warm Regards, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 18:04, 11 January 2025 (UTC) :{{ping|Davey2010}}, no worries my friend. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:05, 11 January 2025 (UTC) == Talk == Hello. Please leave me messages directly on my talk page, not on my subpages. Thank you. Best regards, [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 22:45, 12 January 2025 (UTC) :Apologies next I will, thanks. {{ping|BZPN}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:46, 12 January 2025 (UTC) ::time I will sorry. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:47, 12 January 2025 (UTC) == RfD == Hello. Please, pay more attention to your RfD reports. The report should be properly justified and provide possible arguments for removal, but your latest RfDs sound more like nonsense ([[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yazidi Rebellion]], [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Raid on Ottoman trading routes]]). It is very important to help other editors understand the issues in the reported article. Thank you. Best regards, [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 11:18, 14 January 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Talk:Privilege== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Talk:Privilege]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Talk:Privilege}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#g1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:14, 14 January 2025 (UTC) == Thank log == Hi there, do you have any idea why did you thank this [[Special:Diff/10013764|edit]] when my status become offline? [[User:Thetree284|thetree284]] ([[User talk:Thetree284|talk]]) 02:35, 15 January 2025 (UTC) == El Jordan 23 == Hi, could you explain in a little more detail on your QD of this article? https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Jordan_23 [[User:Adelaideslement8723|<span style="color:purple">𝓐𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓭𝓮</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴]] ♡ [[Special:Contribs/Adelaideslement8723|𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓼]])</sup> 22:14, 15 January 2025 (UTC) == [[User talk:Melitensis77]] == Hi, why create a talkpage with just your sign?--[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:14, 16 January 2025 (UTC) == Kurdish genocide rfd == Hi, if you want to make more comments, you can add them at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kurdish Genocide (1915-1918)]]. Thanks. [[User:Tuscan Ant|Tuscan Ant]] ([[User talk:Tuscan Ant|talk]]) 20:39, 16 January 2025 (UTC) == Ayaz Syed == They've been reported to AN - don't bother reverting until an admin steps in on this. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 20:55, 16 January 2025 (UTC) :Ok. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:56, 16 January 2025 (UTC) :{{ping|Ravensfire}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:56, 16 January 2025 (UTC) == Im sorry == Please don't ban me I made a huge mistake! [[User:Coconut0330|Coconut0330]] ([[User talk:Coconut0330|talk]]) 21:20, 16 January 2025 (UTC) == Shirley, New York == Hi, the link you added on [[Shirley, New York]] isn't working for me. Does it work for you? [[User:Tuscan Ant|Tuscan Ant]] ([[User talk:Tuscan Ant|talk]]) 00:36, 17 January 2025 (UTC) :New link added. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:39, 17 January 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you. [[User:Tuscan Ant|Tuscan Ant]] ([[User talk:Tuscan Ant|talk]]) 00:40, 17 January 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Lenningen-Schopfloch== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Lenningen-Schopfloch]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Lenningen-Schopfloch}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#db|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:59, 17 January 2025 (UTC) == The fighting with Mr.Hanes == I over reacted it won't happen again due to my built up anger I lashed out... I should act like an adult and show people respect. {{ping|Davey2010}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:01, 18 January 2025 (UTC) :Imho you have nothing to apologise for and I don't believe you overreacted either. I understand why you blew your top any normal person would tbh. Anyway happy editing, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:16, 18 January 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you very much. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:39, 18 January 2025 (UTC) == Flood flag == Hi, Just an fyi regarding your flood flag message on Dream Indigo's talkpage; I can't speak for them but from my personal experience requesting the flood flag everytime I wanted to make repetitive edits was a long, tiresome and mentally draining battle that I always ended up losing. *I've had flood flag requests ignored for an entire day *I've had requests declined for silly reasons *And I recently asked an admin for the flag and was replied to 10 hours later (which I understand) So as you can see from my point of view, requesting flood flag is a waste of time and If I were to ask for this everytime I wanted to make those edits I would probably end up being years behind on things because I would have spent years either waiting for a reply or battling for it to be accepted!, I guess it might be a better idea to ignore when people flood recent changes as there may well be a valid reason as to why they're doing so, If it's a vandal sure but if it's long-established users then I probably wouldn't care, Anyway happy editing, Warm Regards, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 23:37, 18 January 2025 (UTC) == Explaining my focus on car articles == hello i think you saw my contribuitions but i am more focused on car articles i already did this when i was a good ip editor and i am focusing on making more car articles about honda maybe Acura and other brands (also i made the [[honda Fit]] article that is a good article btw and in the future i will probably contribuite on the portuguese Wikipedia) so i hope you understand that anyways good luck with your contribuitions best regards!. [[User:Automobile enthusiast|Automobile enthusiast]] ([[User talk:Automobile enthusiast|talk]]) 00:28, 19 January 2025 (UTC) == Declined QD - Naysila Mirdad == Hi there! I have declined your QD for Naysila Mirdad. In my opinion, it does not meet the requirement of "little or no meaning" and honestly, I am confused as to why you would have nominated it under that criteria. Am I missing something? [[User:Griffinofwales|Griff]] ([[User talk:Griffinofwales|talk]]) 23:44, 19 January 2025 (UTC) :I goofed [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:09, 20 January 2025 (UTC) ::Sorry [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:20, 20 January 2025 (UTC) == Bamberg == Hi, I removed that on [[Bamberg]] because it was a link to a disambiguation page that doesn't exist. [[Special:Contributions/192.83.149.205|192.83.149.205]] ([[User talk:192.83.149.205|talk]]) 23:59, 26 January 2025 (UTC) :Hi, can you please explain why you're reverting edits? [[Special:Contributions/192.83.149.205|192.83.149.205]] ([[User talk:192.83.149.205|talk]]) 00:26, 27 January 2025 (UTC) == How do you give someone thanks? == How do you give someone the thanks notification [[User:TS Rubber alt main|&#45;TS Rubber Alt Main]] ([[User talk:TS Rubber alt main|talk]]) 17:39, 27 January 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Old Nazi== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Old Nazi]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Old Nazi]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 21:30, 27 January 2025 (UTC) == Meir Zvi Bergman == Why did you remove living people from [[Meir Zvi Bergman]]? Is there a reason to think he's not living? [[Special:Contributions/207.62.246.71|207.62.246.71]] ([[User talk:207.62.246.71|talk]]) 00:29, 28 January 2025 (UTC) == Article == Hello, If you see someone moving a page can you at least wait 5-10 minutes before tagging it/editing it?, I appreciate your enthusiasm but this is the second time I've edit conflicted with you and it's the second time I've lost the work I've put in. Thank you. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:17, 28 January 2025 (UTC) :I'll try. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:18, 28 January 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Davey2010|Davey2010]] It doesn't make sense, you moved [[EP]] to [[Extended play (disambiguation)]]. Seems like a mistake. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|talk]]) 17:20, 28 January 2025 (UTC) ::.... @[[User:2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874]] Yes and then I changed the redirect from that disambiguation page to [[Extended play]] so that it makes Enwiki .... [[:en:EP]]..... –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:26, 28 January 2025 (UTC) :::Hi BK, No worries if you continue editing whilst I'm still busy then I'll just continuing rollbacking you, easy as that. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:27, 28 January 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:Davey2010|Davey2010]] No the page on enwiki is [[EP (disambiguation)]], not [[Extended play (disambiguation)]]. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|talk]]) 17:28, 28 January 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874]] Oops thank you for spotting this, Hopefully I've fixed this now, Many thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:33, 28 January 2025 (UTC) == General notes == Hi BigKrow! I saw the change you made while patrolling RC, so you said to the IP to stop vandalizing, to let you know next time, it is better to leave a general note instead of typing it out ;) I hope you have a good rest of your day and happy editing! [[User:Adelaideslement8723|<span style="color:purple">𝓐𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓭𝓮</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴]] ♡ [[Special:Contribs/Adelaideslement8723|𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓼]])</sup> 17:32, 28 January 2025 (UTC) == Quick deletion requests == Hello, BigKrow. I am concerned about quick deletion requests you have made; some today, and some in the recent past. Here are a couple of specific ones: *[https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charlotte_Amalie,_United_States_Virgin_Islands&diff=prev&oldid=10054213 This request] for [[Charlotte Amalie, United States Virgin Islands]], where you thought there was little or no meaning. : There isn't much information here, but there is definite meaning and enough for a stub. *[https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Charles_VIII_of_France&diff=prev&oldid=10054153 This request] for [[Death of Charles VIII of France]], where you included the comment "possible hoax?" :If you think something might be a hoax, please consider taking a little time to check. If you had looked at the English Wikipedia article, you would have seen that the information in this article really is the way the king died. I'm considering restricting your ability to make quick deletion requests -- and RFD requests as well, because some of those have had issues they shouldn't have had. When you want to make either kind of request, please take a step back and give it some thought first. Thanks. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 19:34, 3 February 2025 (UTC) :Please do take away my rights I don't mind, just letting you know I just try my best to help the project thank you. {{ping|Auntof6}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:37, 3 February 2025 (UTC) ::I agree with Auntof6 that you are not understanding the usage of QDs and RfDs. I am also considering restricting your ability to make deletion requests. I would recommend that you do not make any requests for a period of three months and that you carefully read the policies and guidelines pertaining to deletions. I know I have turned down your requests. You seem to think things that you don't agree with are nonsense whereas G1 is for gibberish and not things you think don't seem right to you. Please stop this behaviour. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:50, 11 February 2025 (UTC) :::Chill out I'm just trying my best. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 13:00, 11 February 2025 (UTC) == Change conflict of Zeds Dead == Hey I just wanted to let you know that I have made a change conflict causing both of us to be confused, I know that you were probably more confused than I am. Sorry about that, and thanks for reverting my edit back because that was a mistake. I got to be careful when someone else is editing and we post both our revisions at the same time, because it always results in a change conflict. Happy editing :) [[User:Adelaideslement8723|<span style="color:purple">𝓐𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓭𝓮</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴]] ♡ [[Special:Contribs/Adelaideslement8723|𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓼]])</sup> 23:33, 10 February 2025 (UTC) == Tommy Robinson Vandalisms == Hi can you please report the vandal that keeps on makes biased edits, he's reverting the anti-vandal bots and I have to revert him twice. Thank you [[User:CS012831|CS012831]] ([[User talk:CS012831|talk]]) 22:21, 12 February 2025 (UTC) :{{tps}} - @[[User:CS012831|CS012831]], I'm keeping an eye on them but as it's not been a constant stream of vandalism there's generally no need to protect the article (If anyone reports them it'd be declined anyway as again not enough vandalism to warrant protection), Thanks, Warm Regards, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 23:15, 12 February 2025 (UTC) == May you explain your revert? == May you explain why you reverted my change to [[English Wikipedia]]? [[User:Wynn Liaw|Wynn Liaw]] ([[User talk:Wynn Liaw|talk]]) 21:07, 13 February 2025 (UTC) == Your edits on User talk: Justin Bieber is a nazi == Hi, I have already reported the user on [[WP:VIP]] ;) Thanks! [[User:Adelaideslement8723|<span style="color:purple">𝓐𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓭𝓮</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴]] ♡ [[Special:Contribs/Adelaideslement8723|𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓼]])</sup> 03:12, 15 February 2025 (UTC) :Thank you [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 03:13, 15 February 2025 (UTC) == Loss of privileges at QD == Based on your complete misunderstanding of QD criteria as example in [[Barnala Tehsil]] I am restricting your ability to tag articles for QD foe 6 months. The article is no different to many other place names that exist here. If you nominate any article except in your user space you will be blocked from editing for 6 months. I am leaving your ability to run RfDs because those are less problematic. {{ping|auntof6}} FYI '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:04, 18 February 2025 (UTC) :thank you [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:47, 18 February 2025 (UTC) Good morning BigKrow! The above-mentioned restriction in no longer in effect, however, you should observe the guidance provided by Fr33kman and review carefully the deletion policy before nominating any article for deletion or quick deletion. As a group of administrators, we are here to help and mentor you, but our time is limited. Unnecessary and inappropriate requests take up the community's time from working on improving Wikipedia. I recommend that if you have any questions about an article and whether it should be nominated, ask an administrator or other experienced member of the community before placing the tag. As a further note, when nominating an article for deletion or quick deletion, you should be clear about 1. which policy is not being followed by the article and 2. provide specific reasons as to why the article does not meet that policy. For example, ''notability?'' is not an acceptable RFD reason. ''Article does not meet GNG because it lacks reliable secondary sources'' is an acceptable reason. Similarly, for a QD, A4 for an article that clearly states a reason for being notable is not appropriate. If the article does not meet another policy, it should be nominated for RFD. I appreciate all your time and look forward to you continuing to contribute on the project. Best, [[User:Griffinofwales|Griff]] ([[User talk:Griffinofwales|talk]]) 01:45, 27 February 2025 (UTC) :Appreciate it, thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 01:57, 27 February 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Boris the Rocket== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Boris the Rocket]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Boris the Rocket]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:16, 20 February 2025 (UTC) == Edit summaries 2 == Hi Big Krow, When you're reverting to a revision you need to say ''why'' you're reverting back to that revision. Your reversions [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Higginson,_Arkansas&diff=prev&oldid=10089405 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Golf&diff=prev&oldid=10089403 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cookie_Jar_Group&diff=prev&oldid=10086201 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_%26_Friends&diff=prev&oldid=10086199 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Politico&diff=prev&oldid=10076275 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=English_Wikipedia&diff=prev&oldid=10076189 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Pennsylvania&diff=prev&oldid=10076188 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Stewart&diff=prev&oldid=10065624 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=JackTheBus&diff=prev&oldid=10056743 here] and [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venus&diff=prev&oldid=10054717 here] should all state why you're reverting. As I'm sure you can appreciate we're not all mind readers and some of the users above may be editing in good faith and would be none the wiser as to why they're being reverted. Some of your non-edit-summary reverts have been to revert obvious vandalism (reverting to a bot version etc) or reverting unrelated image change vandalism so I'm turning a blind eye to those but still ... you need to provide edit summaries (the only time you don't need to use one is if it's obvious vandalism and you're using the [[WP:ROLLBACK]] tool), I'm also CCing @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] so that they're aware of this although I would hope going forward this isn't an issue any more, Thanks for your understanding, Have a great day, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 23:32, 20 February 2025 (UTC) :{{comment}} Diffused this section from another section with the same name. ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 23:35, 20 February 2025 (UTC) ==Barnstar== {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Barnstar of Reversion Hires.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Anti-Vandalism Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Thank you for reverting vandalism in Belgium and some pages! I was about to revert the edits but nice job! And for doing that, you get a barnstar! [[User:Thetree284|thetree284]] ([[User talk:Thetree284|talk]]) 00:29, 21 February 2025 (UTC) |} :Appreciated! I really try my best. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:30, 21 February 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Boris the Rocket== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Boris the Rocket]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Boris the Rocket]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Zjui3r|Zjui3r]] ([[User talk:Zjui3r|talk]]) 05:24, 21 February 2025 (UTC) == February 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px|left]] Please do not remove [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]] tags from articles, as you did to "[[:Stubborn Fat]]", without a good reason. If you think the article should not be deleted, please add {{tl|wait}} to the article and explain your reason on the article's [[Wikipedia:Talk page|talk page]]. Thank you. <!-- Template:Uw-qd --> [[Special:Contributions/192.83.149.205|192.83.149.205]] ([[User talk:192.83.149.205|talk]]) 23:15, 24 February 2025 (UTC) ==Talkback== {{tb|WP:AN|BigKrow (end of February)|ts=08:27, 28 February 2025 (UTC)}} Please participate in the discussion. [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 08:27, 28 February 2025 (UTC) == Kiara Tito == [[Kiara Tito]] has two RfD's on the same page. The second one should be removed. [[Special:Contributions/169.229.202.223|169.229.202.223]] ([[User talk:169.229.202.223|talk]]) 23:39, 17 March 2025 (UTC) :Ok thank you [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 23:50, 17 March 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Mark Gero== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Mark Gero]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Mark Gero}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Kuskrey|Ksy]] 09:22, 2 April 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Mike Gminski== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Mike Gminski]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Mike Gminski}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 01:20, 5 April 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Asterisk Talley== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Asterisk Talley]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Asterisk Talley}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Jlwoodwa|jlwoodwa]] ([[User talk:Jlwoodwa|talk]]) 18:48, 5 April 2025 (UTC) == Article == Why you create short [[August Harbaum|article]], i recommended you to stay your article in your user space and move once you completed, please follow [[WP:MOS]]. Thanks!<span id="Raayaan9911:1744313719778:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:35, 10 April 2025 (UTC)</span> :I'm trying to make bigger [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:37, 10 April 2025 (UTC) ::I checked your article count, you have 164 total articles count, next time, just finish your article slowly in your user space, once you completed, move to mainspace. Also, please don't beat other editors' article count. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:43, 10 April 2025 (UTC) == A Cactus for you! == [[File:Cactus.jpg|left|150px]] --[[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 11:54, 11 April 2025 (UTC) :Thank you friend. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 15:04, 11 April 2025 (UTC) == Request == https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/VastavAI can you move this to [[Vastav AI]] [[User:Nexion7|Nexion7]] ([[User talk:Nexion7|talk]]) 20:43, 13 April 2025 (UTC) == [[2001 Daytona 500]] and [[The Magician (French TV series)]] == Hi, can you please add more content to these; as they are, there isn't much information and might qualify for [[WP:QD]]. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:15, 14 April 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:BRPever|BRPever]] and BigKrow, I hope it was okay but I've rewritten and expanded the The Magician (French TV series) article, I find TV shows easy to create/expand so am more than help with these, If it wasn't okay then let me know and I won't interfere again, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 15:41, 14 April 2025 (UTC) :I improved this article called [[2001 Daytona 500]], did you like it? [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 15:44, 14 April 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for improving it guys. Looks much better. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:57, 14 April 2025 (UTC) :::You're welcome! [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 15:58, 14 April 2025 (UTC) ::::No worries :), Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 16:01, 14 April 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Emmi Drexel== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Emmi Drexel]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Emmi Drexel}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 11:52, 24 April 2025 (UTC) :Some of your non-notable articles as example of [[Amanda Crowe]] are deleted, i recommended you to follow [[WP:PEOPLE]]. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 11:58, 24 April 2025 (UTC) == Quality articles == Can you please expand your recent articles like [[Village of the Giants]]? Most of them are low quality and doesn't have any references, i recommended complete your article in your user space and follow [[WP:MOS]] i already left you notice message.<span id="Raayaan9911:1745741169178:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 08:06, 27 April 2025 (UTC)</span> ==Quick deletion of Diem T. T. Tran== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Diem T. T. Tran]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Diem T. T. Tran}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 11:00, 27 April 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of BUMRUSH45== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:BUMRUSH45]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:BUMRUSH45}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:03, 29 April 2025 (UTC) == Low quality articles == Please stop creating low quality articles, most of them are doesn't have any references, very short and doesn't have any cats. You're just beating others' articles count.<span id="Raayaan9911:1745943081219:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:11, 29 April 2025 (UTC)</span> :I like to create pages on all sorts of topics. @[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:13, 29 April 2025 (UTC) ::You liked to create articles, but, most of your articles are low quality or non-notable, please complete your articles in your user space. If you continue creating low quality articles, you may be blocked. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:24, 29 April 2025 (UTC) :::Ok thanks. @[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:28, 29 April 2025 (UTC) == April 2025 == [[File:Information.svg|25px|]] Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make changes to the encyclopedia. However, please do not add promotional material to articles or other Wikipedia pages, as you did to [[:BUMRUSH45]]. [[Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not#Wikipedia is not a soapbox|Advertising]] and using Wikipedia to promote a product or [[WP:NPOV|point of view]] is discouraged. Take a look at the [[Wikipedia:Introduction|welcome page]] to learn more about Wikipedia. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-advert1 --> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:29, 29 April 2025 (UTC) :Thank you friend. @[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:38, 29 April 2025 (UTC) == May 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] [[Wikipedia:Welcome|Welcome to Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to change things here, but talk pages are meant to be a record of a discussion. Deleting or changing [[Wikipedia:Assume good faith|good]] comments, as you did at [[:Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard]], [[Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines#Things not to do|should not be done]], even if you meant it well. Even fixing spelling and grammar in others' comments is usually advised against, because it can irritate the users whose wrote them. Take a look at the [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome page]] to learn more about how you can help build this encyclopedia. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-tpv1 --> [[User:TagUser|TagUser]] ([[User talk:TagUser|talk]]) 17:41, 1 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Information.svg|25px|]] Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! I do not want to seem unfriendly or make you feel unwelcome, but I noticed your user page, and I am concerned that it might not meet Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:User page|user page guideline]]. After you have read that guideline, could we discuss my concerns here? I'd like to hear your views, such as why you want the current page, and whether you might agree to change it to something else. There are several ways we can deal with this matter: *If you can explain why your user page meets Wikipedia's user page guideline, I can stop worrying about it. *If you decide to delete the page yourself, please add "<code><nowiki>{{UserQD}}</nowiki></code>" to the top of your user page. An [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] will then delete it. *If we can not agree on what needs to be done, I can list your user page at "[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion]]" so that we can discuss with other editors whether the page should be kept or deleted. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-userpage --> ''Please don't write your user page looks like a encyclopedia article, user page is not encyclopedia article.'' [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:58, 1 May 2025 (UTC) :It's allowed to use your user page for testing articles, but you shouldn't put it in categories or use stub tags. Thanks. [[User:TagUser|TagUser]] ([[User talk:TagUser|talk]]) 20:08, 1 May 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:TagUser|TagUser]], I think I fixed it. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 01:20, 2 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]], i think I fixed it. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 01:21, 2 May 2025 (UTC) ::I looked at it, your user page with your signature but it's allowed. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 04:59, 2 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Audrey Jean Backeberg== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Audrey Jean Backeberg]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Audrey Jean Backeberg}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 18:06, 5 May 2025 (UTC) == Toby Fox Reverted edit == Hello, today you made an edit on Simple English Wikipedia's page on [[Toby Fox]] where you claimed to revert a user's edit, but you actually reverted my edit, and I am not the user you mentioned. I am not sure whose edit you meant to revert, so I have not made any changes. I wanted to make you aware. Also, if you did mean to revert my edit, I would like to talk about it, since I don't see any problems with the edit I made. Thanks so much! [[Special:Contributions/24.119.235.231|24.119.235.231]] ([[User talk:24.119.235.231|talk]]) 19:45, 5 May 2025 (UTC) :My mistake, I now understand that you ''did'' mean to revert my edit. I had misread your edit summary, and became confused. Now that I understand your edit summary, my first message is mostly irrevelant. :I am still confused why my edit was reverted and would like to talk about it to see if we could come to an understanding. :[[Special:Contributions/24.119.235.231|24.119.235.231]] ([[User talk:24.119.235.231|talk]]) 00:06, 7 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Cozi Zuehlsdorff== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Cozi Zuehlsdorff]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Cozi Zuehlsdorff}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 15:15, 6 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Lycia== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Lycia]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Lycia}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 15:15, 6 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|25px]] Please stop making bad pages. If you continue, you will be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing and creating pages on Wikipedia. <!-- Template:uw-create3 --> ''Many of the articles you've created have been low quality, and not contained any references or categories. You also need to make sure that articles about people, groups or organizations explain why the subject is notable.'' [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 15:18, 6 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:J991|J991]] I was being lazy sorry I will add sources and etc. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:02, 6 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:J991|J991]] you might want to delete my other bad articles. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:31, 6 May 2025 (UTC) ::I can't delete them but some of them might get nominated for QD or RfD. [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 15:12, 7 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|25px]] Your changes are causing [[Wikipedia:Disruptive changing|disruption]] to the project and this is not acceptable. Please stop. If your disruption continues, you will be '''[[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing Wikipedia.''' <!---Template:uw-disruption---> –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:11, 6 May 2025 (UTC) :Specifically [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Fixx&diff=prev&oldid=10240463 this], you've been told to use edit summaries before and yet you still haven't, :The user (correctly) added an infobox and (incorrectly) added an External Links section - could you not have simply reworded the heading instead of reverting them?, Moreover how do you expect someone to fix their mistakes if you've not told them what it is they've done wrong in the first place? –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:14, 6 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, BigKrow. When you revert a user's changes, like you did earlier, don't forget to leave the user a message on their talk page, especially when reverting vandalism or a test edit. You may find [[Template:User talk page warnings/table]] useful when doing this, to let them know that the change was considered inappropriate, and to direct them to the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-warn --> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 17:08, 7 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Wadi Damm== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Wadi Damm]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Wadi Damm}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 02:28, 12 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]] A4 only applies to a person, group of people, band, club, company, product, service or web content. [[User:TagUser|TagUser]] ([[User talk:TagUser|talk]]) 02:37, 12 May 2025 (UTC) ::Articles about other topics can't be quick deleted for not claiming notability. [[User:TagUser|TagUser]] ([[User talk:TagUser|talk]]) 02:37, 12 May 2025 (UTC) :::I'm not sure there are rules against tagging articles with QD about other topics for not claiming notability, but i improved article, i have wait for admin's decision. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 08:42, 12 May 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] i told you to use your user space for creating articles before, i have tagged you to QD. This is your last warning you'll get, if you continue creating low quality or non-notable articles, you may reported you to [[WP:ANI]]. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 08:49, 12 May 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]], im sorry. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:49, 13 May 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]], some info is better than nothing... [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 23:09, 13 May 2025 (UTC) :::::Please don't ping me again, it's considered unnecessary. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 02:51, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Notability tag == Please don't tag notability tag in bottom of talk pages like [[Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)]], it's considered wrong tag, if you made mistake? It's okay, don't worry, you should place carefully. Thanks!<span id="Raayaan9911:1747205566778:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 06:52, 14 May 2025 (UTC)</span> ==Quick deletion of Mordecai Shenhavi== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Mordecai Shenhavi]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Mordecai Shenhavi}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:15, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Douglas Williams (cricketer)== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Douglas Williams (cricketer)]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Douglas Williams (cricketer)}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:28, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Notice == [[File:Information icon4.svg|32px]] Hello. This message is being sent to tell you that there is currently a discussion at [[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard]] regarding an issue with which you may have been involved. The thread is "[[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard#BigKrow continued creating low quality or non-notable articles after final warning|BigKrow continued creating low quality or non-notable articles after final warning]]". Thank you.<!--Template:AN-notice--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:33, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Budh Singh Faizalpuria== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Budh Singh Faizalpuria]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Budh Singh Faizalpuria}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 17:06, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Partial block == Due to your history of creating bad articles on simplewiki and as a reciprocal block under [[WP:ONESTRIKE]] I have implemented a 6 month block preventing you from creating new articles. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 18:37, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], I appeal this outragious decision!!!! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:27, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ::Feel free. It is no different to your situation on enwiki. You've been warned and warned but you have chosen to ignore those warning and the community has asked for admin action. This has now been done. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 19:34, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], no it isn't done i request you all give me my creating new articles rights back, i have done nothing wrong i plead my innocence.... [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:36, 14 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Stop hand nuvola.svg|30px]] This is the '''only warning''' you will get for the bad changes you made. In your comments, talk about the changes editors have made, and do not insult the editors. If you make another personal attack on an editor&#32;as you did at [[:User talk:Fr33kman]], you may be '''[[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing Wikipedia'''. <!-- Template:uw-npa4im --> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:49, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]], leave me alone [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:50, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Unblock request == {{unblock reviewed|1=sorry i sweared but Fr33kman its not fair BigKrow (talk) 19:54, 14 May 2025 (UTC)|decline=No good reason provided for unblock. Please read [[WP:UNBLOCK]]. -- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 20:17, 22 May 2025 (UTC)}} == Full block == Due to your use of abusive language and behaviour I have fully blocked you. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 19:58, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], no [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:59, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ::Firstly, I suggest you calm down and think before you post. Secondly, wait for another admin to review your block and in the meantime think about why you've been blocked and what are the reasons you should be unblocked. I don't want to see you fully blocked but your current handling of the situation is very immature. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:08, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :::Hi, @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], could I still use my userspace to try to get an article reviewed for approval? Thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:04, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ::::I don't think the partial block will affect your creating pages in your user space. I see no problem with you using your user space to write new articles for review. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 21:10, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :::::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], I appreciate your patience with me, thank you! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:11, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Back to partial block == I have reset your block to a partial block as I think you just panicked and I want you able to take part in the discussion on ANI. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:13, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :Much appreciated, I do apologize to you @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], and all of Simple English Wikipedia. I was wrong about the matter. Do with wish as you please, sincerely [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:23, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Pestering == Please stop with [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Fr33kman&diff=prev&oldid=10259747 this] otherwise you really are going to be indefinitely blocked and next time you won't be unblocked as quickly!, You are blocked from creating articles for 6 months .... so take that time to understand how articles are created and what they entail (how they should look), Creating subpages and asking the blocking admin (or anyone) to review your articles is not okay and it stops now. Again, take the time to learn from your block and take the time to read articles and the various help pages we have here. You should also be aware that [[WP:CIR|Competence is required]] to edit here and at this moment in time you're failing that so unless you stop you're either going to be indefinetely blocked for [[WP:CIR|not getting it]] or pestering people. I have removed your post from Fr33kmans talkpage and seriously suggest you stop, Thank you. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:06, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] look at my user page [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:08, 15 May 2025 (UTC) ::You don't explain why he is notable. He would need to be a well-known artist, on a major record label, the recipient of major awards etc. You need reliable resources that you can cite: major magazines, media websites, newspapers etc. As you have it now I could delete it under QD:A4. Also please create sub-pages under your user space instead of using your user page. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:16, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::Example (of title for a) sub-page: [[User:BigKrow/August Harbaum]], in regard to the topic in the next post. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|talk]]) 03:22, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::Can i blank their user page and then create user space by copying their current user page for draft? [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 03:45, 15 May 2025 (UTC) ::::No. For starters: A wikipedia-user 'has to be the one', that start his-or-her-own sub-page or user-page (or even 'regular user-page'). [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:7580:532A:8665:BB|2001:2020:303:BB75:7580:532A:8665:BB]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:7580:532A:8665:BB|talk]]) 05:17, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::::It's has a stub template and category, please see [[WP:USER]]. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 05:22, 15 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::Remove "<nowiki>{{bio-stub}}</nowiki>" and "<nowiki>[[Category:Musicians]]</nowiki>", from '''that''' user-page.--Good catch!--However, I recommend that anyone '''except''' user:Raayaan9911, make that edit. (Note: i have got absolutely nothing agains user:Raayaan9911.) [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173|2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173|talk]]) 17:45, 15 May 2025 (UTC) /[[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173|2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173|talk]]) 17:49, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::{{Done}} i removed stub and category in their user page. :::::::@[[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] please don't use stub templates or categories in your user page, i already warned you. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 18:43, 15 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Glad to see my comment has been read and understood. Why are we allowing this user to circumvent the block by creating subpages of articles. Either way I shan't bother further wasting my breath here. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 19:47, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::::I removed stub and category in their user page only, i didn't allowing this user circumvent the block by create subpages of articles, i just misunderstood it. Don't worry :) [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:52, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::::I also undid my edit in their user page. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:58, 15 May 2025 (UTC) {{outdent}} The category and stub template should be removed or commented out. We can't categorize userpages in categories meant for mainspace articles. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 20:05, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] Thank you for clarifying misunderstanding. :@[[User:Davey2010|Davey2010]] user pages doesn't categorize it, it's only categorize mainspace articles. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 20:17, 15 May 2025 (UTC) == A middle manager in a killing-machine of Nazi-Germany == [[August_Harbaum]]. Please read edit remark, about 'what you seriously should consider, doing to the article'. See edit-comment in the following diff, simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=August_Harbaum&diff=10260053&oldid=10259259 Without c. all those 'German sources' (at the end of one particular sentence/period), then your article could easily get deleted 'on a bad day'. In my opinion, the Swedish wiki-article is a strong 'Delete-candidate'. However, the German wiki-article is an 'obvious keep', at German-wiki, in my opinion - however, i seriously doubt that a case could be made, in regard that he was a "key person" or "key figure".--He was part of [[middle management]] (of a killing operation also), it seems. However, he is a noted person, in the concentration camp system; 'The proof is partially in, that the German-wiki article has not been nominated for Delete !'.--I am fine with me doing c. no more work on this article.--Note: it is possible that his 'notability in German media, is largely because he managed not to be arrested-and-sent-to-trial, even though he was sited, as late as in the 2000s. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|talk]]) 03:14, 15 May 2025 (UTC) /[[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|talk]]) 03:17, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :If my first post (in this thread) seems helpful, then fine. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|talk]]) 03:16, 15 May 2025 (UTC) == QD noms == I have undone the last two QD nominations you did. The first broke the RfD page and the second was not nonsense. Please be more careful. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:55, 16 May 2025 (UTC) :ohh... [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:56, 16 May 2025 (UTC) == Template:This date in recent years/table == Are you planning to complete the nomination for this article at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:This date in recent years/table]]? Otherwise, please remove the RFD tag and the transclusion at the RFD list. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:38, 16 May 2025 (UTC) :someone can fix it.... @[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:39, 16 May 2025 (UTC) ::It's not someone else's job to fix it. If you're nominating something for deletion, you need to follow through with all the steps. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:41, 16 May 2025 (UTC) :::i refuse to fix it @[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:42, 16 May 2025 (UTC) ::::As you refuse to complete the nomination process, I have reverted your tagging of the article as an RFD. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:50, 16 May 2025 (UTC) == Herminie, Pennsylvania == Can you give a source for the information you provided on [[Herminie, Pennsylvania]]? Some of it appears to be wrong. [[Special:Contributions/2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99|2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99]] ([[User talk:2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99|talk]]) 20:05, 27 May 2025 (UTC) :I did. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:05, 27 May 2025 (UTC) ::https://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/pennsylvania/herminie doesn't seem to be a reliable source. [[Special:Contributions/2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99|2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99]] ([[User talk:2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99|talk]]) 20:09, 27 May 2025 (UTC) == Unexplained reverts == I noticed two reverts by you in the past hour or so that seem to be removing good faith improvements to articles with no explanations. * [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polandball&diff=prev&oldid=10295891 Revert one] * [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Melanie_Brown&diff=prev&oldid=10295904 Revert two] If you're going to make these reverts, you need to explain why you're making them. But, I don't believe either revert should have happened in the first place. Please be mindful in your revert actions and your usage of Twinkle. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 01:41, 30 May 2025 (UTC) == Use full sentences == When you add information to articles, please make sure that you write them in full sentences. Several of your changes today have been simply listing facts instead of writing them into sentence form. Please make sure you utilize proper grammar. Additionally, make sure all the information you add is properly cited as well. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:11, 30 May 2025 (UTC) == More edits of concern == I am concerned about these edits you made today: [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_Don%27t_Want_To&diff=prev&oldid=10297192], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santee,_California&diff=prev&oldid=10297194], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell_Gardens,_California&diff=prev&oldid=10297200], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Airuno&diff=prev&oldid=10297140], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campagnatico&diff=prev&oldid=10297144]. They all introduced information to the articles that were without sources and were complex in their language. Where did the information come from that you put into the articles? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 13:53, 30 May 2025 (UTC) :How about [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satoshi_Nakamoto&diff=prev&oldid=10299006 this edit]? Where did you get the information from? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 00:10, 31 May 2025 (UTC) ::I think they are using AI chatbot to write article. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 23:55, 31 May 2025 (UTC) :::Oh I assumed as much as well. I’m just looking for them to say it. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 23:57, 31 May 2025 (UTC) == AI-generated content == Please stop using AI chatbot to generate articles, any AI generated contents are complex as example of [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_remember&diff=prev&oldid=10298599 diff]. Please see [[WP:GPT]].<span id="Raayaan9911:1748734854286:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 23:40, 31 May 2025 (UTC)</span> :Your [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aryan_Brotherhood_of_Texas&diff=prev&oldid=10298977 diff] also has a AI-generated content. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 23:55, 31 May 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Maison du Boulanger== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Maison du Boulanger]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maison du Boulanger]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 13:34, 1 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Darius (French artist)== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Darius (French artist)]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Darius (French artist)}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 13:12, 4 June 2025 (UTC) == QD == Please be very careful at QD, your [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Nut_(fruit)&diff=prev&oldid=10309577 diff] has been tagged QD, you can remove disruptive comment. Tagging QD on new disruptive comments are unnecessary. Thanks!<span id="Raayaan9911:1749061606688:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 18:26, 4 June 2025 (UTC)</span> :I also improved [[2018–19 NBA season]]. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 18:28, 4 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Ding Liren's Immortal Game== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Ding Liren's Immortal Game]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Ding Liren's Immortal Game}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 19:04, 5 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Wadi Damm== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Wadi Damm]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Wadi Damm}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 19:09, 5 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Professional wrestling throws== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Professional wrestling throws]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Professional wrestling throws}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:11, 9 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Go Mecha Ball== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Go Mecha Ball]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Go Mecha Ball}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:32, 15 June 2025 (UTC) == film/movie articles == Hi BigKrow, hope you are doing well. Please note that all our articles on films/movies that need disambiguation use the title "movie" rather than "film" as movie is in BE 1500 but film is not. Thanks, --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:51, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == "Vandalism" == Hi BigKrow, If you're not sure on what is and what isn't vandalism then please don't revert, Anyone with half a braincell knows [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Island_Def_Jam_Music_Group&diff=prev&oldid=10367887 this] '''isn't''' vandalism and although I can understand ''how'' you reached that conclusion (because of the articles content) you still should've had the common sense to revert back to a non-Joseph revision instead of simply reverting a well-established editor. Be careful otherwise you could be blocked, Thank you. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 16:58, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Davey2010|Davey2010]] the edit that BigKrow reverted does look like vandalism. The editor replaced five grammatically correct paragraphs with two "paragraphs", both of which are grammatically unreadable nonsense. I'm not sure how :<pre>Net worth $55 million produce song for Zendaya Chris brown j.cole Nekfeu many upcoming artist</pre> :could be a helpful addition to an article. [[Special:Contributions/96.65.201.225|96.65.201.225]] ([[User talk:96.65.201.225|talk]]) 17:01, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:96.65.201.225|96.65.201.225]], The whole article was trashed (something the reverting editor didn't know) and I didn't know either until I took a second look, BigKrow simply reverted an established editor and QD-tagged the article without doing any due diligence, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:03, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ia8q5z7ikjxvjhezm3s5wwto3wnf15t 10367932 10367930 2025-07-02T17:04:57Z Davey2010 314522 /* "Vandalism" */ added their name 10367932 wikitext text/x-wiki == Welcome == Hello, '''BigKrow''', and [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome]] to the '''Simple English Wikipedia'''! Thank you for [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|your changes]]. You may want to begin by reading these pages: * [[Help:Contents|Help]] * [[Wikipedia:Rules|Rules]] * [[Wikipedia:Useful|Links to useful pages]] * [[Wikipedia:How to write Simple English pages|How to write Simple English pages]] * [[Wikipedia:How to copy from another Wikipedia|How to copy from another Wikipedia]] For some ideas of pages to work on, read [[Wikipedia:Requested pages]] or the [[Special:Wantedpages|list of wanted pages]]. You can [[Wikipedia:Be bold in updating pages|change any pages you want!]] Any changes you make can be seen right away. You can ask questions at [[Wikipedia:Simple talk]]. At the end of your messages on talk pages, please sign your name by clicking [[File:Insert-signature.svg]] or using four [[tilde]]s <nowiki>(~~~~)</nowiki>; this will show your username and the date. If you need help just <span class="plainlinks">'''[http://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Mytalk&action=edit&section=new click here]'''</span> and type '''<nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki>''' and your question and someone will reply to you shortly. Good luck and happy changing! <!-- Template:Welcome --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 03:10, 28 December 2023 (UTC) :Thanks! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 04:14, 28 December 2023 (UTC) == February 2024 == [[Image:information.svg|30px|left]]Hey there, BigKrow! Here are a few good ideas that you can use to help making articles in the future: *If the article that you made is under 1,500 characters, please add the {{tl|stub}} template into the article near the end (below the "Other websites" section, and below any categories). This will let other editors know that it is a short article that needs to be made longer. *If you have no idea what [[Wikipedia:Categories|categories]] an article that you begin should go under, please add the {{tl|uncat}} template to the article. This will let other editors know that you need help categorizing the article properly. Thanks for reading this long message, and happy changing here on Simple English Wikipedia!<!--Template:Uw-newarticle--> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 07:16, 3 February 2024 (UTC) :Thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:28, 13 February 2024 (UTC) == Quick deletion == Hi there. Please make sure to provide a reason to delete the article you are requesting speedy deletion of, with the reason being one of the criteria listed on the [[WP:DEL|deletion policy]]. You can format it as {{tlx|sd|a1}} for example. Thanks, --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]])</small> 22:21, 13 February 2024 (UTC) :Thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:28, 13 February 2024 (UTC) == Please provide reasons for deletion requests == Hello, at [[:en:n:special:diff/4763486]], an admin has requested you to provide valid reasons for your deletion requests. Please remember that the same manner is expected in all Wikimedia projects including here. Please also note that deletion requests without reasons may be rejected. For valid reasons for our project, please see [[WP:QD]]. In addition, SD tags must come to the top, not the bottom. If you add tags to the bottom, admins have to scroll to the end of the page. Thank you for helping simplewiki. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 01:47, 26 February 2024 (UTC) : Again, please provide reasons for deletion requests. If you don't know how to write them, feel free to ask questions. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:22, 21 March 2024 (UTC) == [[Wikipedia:Twinkle]] == Please consider using this, this can help your deletion requests. It is widely used in our project and enwiki. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:00, 26 February 2024 (UTC) == Deletion requests == I was processing current deletion requests and noticed that your request for Dj Tubet was not listed at [[WP:Deletion requests]]. When you create a deletion request, you must list it there or it will not be processed. I will put it there, but please be sure to do that yourself for any that you create in the future. Thanks. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 12:54, 1 March 2024 (UTC) == Drug dog == Two things: # Do you think [[Drug dog]] should be redirected to [[Police dog]]? # A user who created an article is usually allowed to blank it (especially if they just recently created it). This is taken to mean that they accept it being deleted, and it can be deleted under {{tl|Qd-author}}. [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 17:46, 6 March 2024 (UTC) :Drug sniffing dog or police dog sounds fine, what do you think? Thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:49, 6 March 2024 (UTC) ::I mean we already have an article about [[police dog]]s, and a drug-sniffing dog is one kind of police dog, but maybe the page [[drug dog]] isn't yet long enough to be a separate article. [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 17:51, 6 March 2024 (UTC) :::RFD? [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:52, 6 March 2024 (UTC) ::::I'll just redirect it. [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 17:52, 6 March 2024 (UTC) :::::k. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:53, 6 March 2024 (UTC) == Hey == Just wanted to let you know I did a test on my rollback as a script seemed to be blocking it. I reverted it back to your edit with the qd tag on it. Did not want you to be confused. Thanks - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 14:59, 2 April 2024 (UTC) :No problem! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:08, 2 April 2024 (UTC) ::So what do you think now? [[Erich von Manstein]] Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 17:04, 2 April 2024 (UTC) :::Looks great!!! Thank you!!! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:35, 2 April 2024 (UTC) == Linking == Hey BigKrow, To let you know we do not link to common terms that are universally known. I saw you relinked Village, Saskatchewan, and Canada in [[La Loche shootings]]. Saskatchewan I feel is ok, because not everyone will know will that is, but every person knows a a country and a village. Are you ok if I remove the links to those 2? Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 21:31, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :Yes [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:32, 3 April 2024 (UTC) ::Ok done. Also, I do not know if we have the full version here, but this is the en wiki version [[:w:Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking|Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking]]. ::Our exceptions: ::#We want redlinks galore (en wiki does not and hates them!) - Helps to find out what pages need to be created via [[Special:WantedPages]] (you may find something in there you want to write about too) I have found a few I do when I get time) ::#Common terms that everyone knows (like the two I mentioned) we do not do. Our goal is to keep it simple and if we link to all common terms, then we take the reader off of that article to another one to find out they already know what a village is, what a police force is, what the internet is, etc. ::There is a link and a conversation somewhere that I cannot recall at the moment as I am working on an article for someone and doing a review, but I figured this can be helpful for you. Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 21:42, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :::Thank you for being kind to me even though I was being an arse to you.... [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:45, 3 April 2024 (UTC) ::::Hey it is all good. Things happen and they go away. We all make mistakes and we learn from them. Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 21:55, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :::{{tps}} I think Simple English Wikipedia is different because we can only assume people know the words on [[WP:Basic English combined wordlist]], and [[Canada]] and [[village]] aren't on that list, so it would be okay to link them. [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 21:45, 3 April 2024 (UTC) ::::Ok you two please work matters out, ty. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:46, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :::::@[[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] :::::Village - [[Wikipedia:VOA_Special_English_Word_Book]] :::::As far as Canada, per MOS we do not link well known countries, however, we can link to the article [[Saskatchewan|Saskatchewan, Canada]] which makes more sense (actually I will make that change now). See [[Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Places]], [[Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Wikilinking]] :::::We do not strictly use the 850 or 1500 word books as other things come into play, like the link above on the VOA. Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 22:08, 3 April 2024 (UTC) ::::::I understand, thanks! [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 22:09, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :::::::@[[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] Anytime. Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 22:10, 3 April 2024 (UTC) == Regarding your recent edit. == Hey @[[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]], I saw you added {{tl|complex}} template on [[Kanyakubja Brahmin]]. I edited this article with as easy english as it can be. Can you exactly point out or explain which part of this article may not be easy for everybody to understand so that i can try to make it easier? [[User:Hong Wei Qin|Hong Wei Qin]] ([[User talk:Hong Wei Qin|talk]]) 00:33, 8 April 2024 (UTC) :Fixed template syntax, please use tl in future. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 01:07, 8 April 2024 (UTC) == Please avoid user page creations like [[special:redirect/logid/2686748]] == You have no reason to make user pages for others, and the username is unacceptable. You are just increasing admin jobs, and it is not helpful. Please avoid userpage creations like this in the future. Thank you for your attention. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 01:06, 8 April 2024 (UTC) == Concerns of unacceptable edit summaries in your recent edits == For example, [[special:diff/9466778]] includes an unacceptable username in the edit summary. In order to avoid this situation. You may want to use manual reverts instead of automated reverts generating problematic edit summaries. I hope this can help you. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 01:13, 8 April 2024 (UTC) == Reporting == When reporting users please use twinkle or else it doesn’t post correctly on the VIP board. Also to prevent other formatting issues please use it to warn other users as the templates you are using do not work and have to be substituted. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 03:57, 8 April 2024 (UTC) == [[Boletus edulis]] == I am done with it now. We had a few edit conflicts. If you see I am working on or just made an edit, I might still be working on it. If you could just wait and if you do not see me make a change within about 5 minutes, then I am probably done. Sometimes, especially with species, I have to make a template to correct an error or I am transferring something over from enwp to fix it. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 02:10, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :Understood, thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:10, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::No worries :) Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 02:11, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == Our [[template:warn]] is different from English Wikinews == Please have a careful look at the template, and choose the right template for each situation. Thank you for your attention. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:50, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :Gotcha, thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:51, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Charles Robinson (actor, born 1945)== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Charles Robinson (actor, born 1945)]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Charles Robinson (actor, born 1945)}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#g2|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 03:03, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == [[We Ride]] == Hi, not sure if you know how to fix this, but the cite av media note reference is throwing errors and does not give me much information on how to fix it. If you want to take a look and can fix it, please do and then ping me so I can see what you did. Thanks. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 15:07, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :I'm sorry I messed it up and I don't know how to restore it... apologies. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 15:09, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:PotsdamLamb|PotsdamLamb]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 15:09, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::You did not mess it up. I was working on fixing the references. That is one I do not know how to fix, as I have not worked with that template before. I will have to figure it out later. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 15:11, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == List of George Polk Award winners == Please give a reason why you [[special:diff/9471605|undid]] my correction of the [[Commonly misspelled words|misspelled]] ''miniscule'' to the correct spelling ''[[wikt:minuscule|minuscule]]''. Thank you. [[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] ([[User talk:Federhalter|talk]]) 16:32, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :I was mistaken sorry. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:33, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:33, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::@[[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] Just so you know neither version is simple English so it should be simplified anyways. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 16:36, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :::@[[User:PotsdamLamb|PotsdamLamb]] sorry. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:37, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::Now I see that I was wrong, because it is a quote and I did not follow [[WP:PUNC]] [[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] ([[User talk:Federhalter|talk]]) 17:08, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :::Ok no harm done. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:10, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:10, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == I’m confused == Why would you create [[Architecture in Stockholm]] and then tag it with ''it may not be notable enough'' to be on SEWP? There is a very in-depth article on [[:w:Architecture in Stockholm|ENWP]] with the same title. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 23:20, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == April 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, BigKrow. When you revert a user's changes, like you did earlier, don't forget to leave the user a message on their talk page, especially when reverting vandalism or a test edit. You may find [[Template:User talk page warnings/table]] useful when doing this, to let them know that the change was considered inappropriate, and to direct them to the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-warn --> ''Using twinkle will automatically do this for you with the right settings.'' Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 00:33, 12 April 2024 (UTC) == RfD vs. QD == So you know instead of filling up the RfD board, you can select an article for QD for not being notable as long as there are no claims to notability in the article or if someone disputes it claiming notability. Otherwise you can QD it and an admin will make the final decision. It may take a bit to get used to it. I’m bringing this up because of one of the articles I was going through (before I got sidetracked with vandalism reverts) got my attention. If you have any questions, please let me know. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 05:47, 12 April 2024 (UTC) == New pages == Hi there again. When you are creating new pages (like you did with [[Riki Choshu]]), they need to be complete and formatted properly. A one or two sentence article with an external link is not meant for this Wikipedia and can be subjected to QD and the more you make, the higher of a chance you get blocked for project disruption and making bad new pages. I recommend you look at [[Wikipedia:Guide to layout]] to see how these should be done. So please take a moment and review it and then work on the article. If you plan on making an bona-fide article, I recommend starting it in your userspace, then when completed move it to the mainspace. If you want reviews on an article, you are more than welcome to ask me directly on my talk page or you can ask on [[WP:ST|Simple Talk]]. While discussing on simple talk about enabling the new Mentor program here, one of our administrators had the following comment: {{blockquote|Also, please, please, PLEASE do not make it a goal to reach a certain number of articles. Every time we approach a big round number, we get a lot of minimal articles created just to inflate the number. A lot of those articles are of poor quality, and some even have to be deleted. -- Auntof6 (talk) 21:20, 12 April 2024 (UTC) (you can read the conversation here [[Wikipedia:Simple_talk#RfC_-_Turn_on_mentoring_system|Turn on mentoring system]]}} Your help in creating good articles would be appreciated as it is less work for other editors to have to do. As always, if you have any question, please feel free to ping me here or ask me on my page. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 01:23, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == [[User:BigKrow/1999 Sydney hailstorm]] == I moved the page 1999 Sydney hailstorm to your user space until you complete it. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 03:01, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == Notice == [[File:Information icon4.svg|32px]] Hello. This message is being sent to tell you that there is currently a discussion at [[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard]] regarding an issue with which you may have been involved. The thread is "[[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard#Issues with User:BigKrow|Issues with User:BigKrow]]". Thank you.<!--Template:AN-notice--> Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 04:29, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == Comments on another user talk == I saw the ping and conversation you left on another editors talk page about I need to stop interfering. They are correct in that you should post on my talk page and not theirs. So what seems to be the issue? Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 18:56, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == Very short articles == Hi, I've noticed that you've published some articles which are very short and don't contain a lot of content. I would suggest you to move them to your personal user pages, and once you have added substantial content, you can then put them into the mainspace. Remember, we want ''quality over quantity'' on Wikipedia. We don't want to create as much articles as possible because what really matters is the quality of articles. See featured articles as an example – they have a lot of info put into them and adhere to many article 'rules' on Wikipedia. Also, I suggest you to read the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]] so you know the formatting to articles, like references, citations, and etc. Happy changing! [[User:TheWikiCyclone|TheWikiCyclone]] ([[User talk:TheWikiCyclone|talk]]) 20:45, 13 April 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:TheWikiCyclone|TheWikiCyclone]] I'll try to start new articles with a good amount of information, apologies. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:46, 13 April 2024 (UTC) ::Thank you! 👍 [[User:TheWikiCyclone|TheWikiCyclone]] ([[User talk:TheWikiCyclone|talk]]) 21:00, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == Previous accounts == Hello. Have you used other accounts to edit the Simple English Wikipedia? Regards, [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 01:45, 14 April 2024 (UTC) :Yes, I m not going to deny that if thats the case block me for how ever long @[[User:Vermont|Vermont]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 01:47, 14 April 2024 (UTC) ::@[[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] Can you enlist all your previous usernames to make it more clear? [[User:DIVINE|<b style="color:#29F">DI</b><b style="color:red">V</b>]][[User talk:DIVINE|<b style="color:#080">I</b><b style="color:#808">N</b>]][[Special:Contribs/DIVINE|<b style="color:#FA0">E</b>]] 01:59, 14 April 2024 (UTC) :::I honestly don't remember@[[User:DIVINE|DIVINE]] because I suffer from mental illness sorry I would like to help [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:09, 15 April 2024 (UTC) ::::So how many other accounts have you used before. This a violation of the policies [[User:Darrenchant|Darrenchant]] ([[User talk:Darrenchant|talk]]) 12:35, 21 December 2024 (UTC) == [[Gate io Referans Kodu: 3930511]] == When an article is not in English here, please QD it as A5 "Not written in English." Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 20:33, 16 April 2024 (UTC) :K thnx [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:39, 16 April 2024 (UTC) [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, {{BASEPAGENAME}}! Here at Simple English Wikipedia, we use the section heading "Other websites" instead of English Wikipedia's "External links", which you used in "[[:Erich Kulke]]". This makes it simpler and easier to read. Please remember to use "Other websites" in pages that you create in the future. Thank you for your help!<!-- Template:Uw-otherweb --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 11:31, 18 April 2024 (UTC) :Thank you for telling me!!! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 15:38, 18 April 2024 (UTC) == Edit summaries == Hey when making an edit, even if minor, make sure to use the edit summary. Example is correcting spelling or grammar just use ce as the summary as that is a common term we understand. It means copy edit. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 02:41, 19 April 2024 (UTC) :Gotcha, thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:42, 19 April 2024 (UTC) == New article issues (again) == Hey when you bring over articles you need to include the references. You can also copy over the infoboxes from ENWP without issue. Always preview any article for any errors or in infoboxes look for any reflinks and fix the errors. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 23:44, 19 April 2024 (UTC) == QD A1 == Hello, QD A1 and other reasons in [[WP:AQD]] only apply to articles. For talk pages, please use reasons in [[WP:GQD]]. Thank you for your attention. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:53, 15 May 2024 (UTC) == Your warnings == If you are warning a user for making bad changes, use <nowiki>{{uw-vandalism1}}, {{uw-vandalism2}}, {{uw-vandalism3}}, and {{uw-vandalism4}}</nowiki>. Using <nowiki>{{warn}}</nowiki> instead tells them that they should warn other users when they undo their edits. I assume that's not what you meant to say. [[User:VirusDontKill|VirusDontKill]] ([[User talk:VirusDontKill|talk]]) 20:04, 14 August 2024 (UTC) :Thanks [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:16, 14 August 2024 (UTC) == My edit wasn't vandalism == I redirected a title which was missing a space to the correct title. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:E41D:46CD:505E:6D8E|2601:644:907E:A70:E41D:46CD:505E:6D8E]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:E41D:46CD:505E:6D8E|talk]]) 21:21, 14 December 2024 (UTC) :Ok. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:37, 14 December 2024 (UTC) == Hari Singh Bhangi == Can you tell me why you nominated Hari Singh Bhangi page you aren't even responding in discussion [[User:Jisshu|Jisshu]] ([[User talk:Jisshu|talk]]) 18:48, 20 December 2024 (UTC) :No Wikipedia page, {{ping|Jisshu}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:49, 20 December 2024 (UTC) ::he had Wikipedia page name hari Singh Dhillon [[User:Jisshu|Jisshu]] ([[User talk:Jisshu|talk]]) 18:50, 20 December 2024 (UTC) ::he was leader of Bhangi Misl so that's why he also refer as Hari Singh Bhangi[[User:Jisshu|Jisshu]] ([[User talk:Jisshu|talk]]) 18:51, 20 December 2024 (UTC) :::I moved it {{ping|Jisshu}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:55, 20 December 2024 (UTC) ::::thank you [[User:Jisshu|Jisshu]] ([[User talk:Jisshu|talk]]) 18:55, 20 December 2024 (UTC) == Repeated Vandalism == Hey Bigkrow, hope you’re doing good. There is a user https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Medicomonk&redlink=1 who is again and again vandalising pages as he did to the page ‘Anangpal Tomar’ and ‘Tomar’. I already warned the user to add information based on citations and not to cause vandalism inspite of that the user is constantly trying to do povpush. I reverted the changes made by this user but please intervine. Thank you [[User:HistorianAlferedo|HistorianAlferedo]] ([[User talk:HistorianAlferedo|talk]]) 20:08, 20 December 2024 (UTC) :{{ping|HistorianAlferedo}} At this point seek help from admins, thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:12, 20 December 2024 (UTC) == December 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Thank you for changing Wikipedia. We welcome all changes, but we can have only changes that are in [[Wikipedia:About|simple English]], and your new changes to "[[:Wamiqa Gabbi]]" were not simple. Please see [[Wikipedia:How to write Simple English pages]] so you can write more simply in the future. Thank you. <!-- Template:Uw-simple --> [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 13:05, 21 December 2024 (UTC) :{{ping|BZPN}} I'm pretty sure it was simplified. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:15, 21 December 2024 (UTC) ::It was not. I'm pretty sure that it was something like "She is pseudonym", which is actually nonsense. [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 19:19, 21 December 2024 (UTC) :::{{ping|BZPN}}, it was a typing error wow you fault me? [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:21, 21 December 2024 (UTC) ::::Maybe it was, but a reader could not understand it anyway. It was also unsourced. [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 19:36, 21 December 2024 (UTC) == Old St. Louis Mills QD == Hey, I have a question about the QD on [[Old St Louis Mills]] whilst the page is an obvious hoax, would that count as nonsense or a obvious hoax, or does that cover both? [[User:Jayden Johnson 2314|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:purple"> 𝙹.𝙹.</span>]][[User talk:Jayden Johnson 2314|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:black">𝕋𝕒𝕝𝕜 📬📧</span>]] 17:59, 22 December 2024 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Drake Maye== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Drake Maye]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Drake Maye}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 22:20, 22 December 2024 (UTC) == Maithili cinema == Why do you want, [[Maithili cinema]] should be remove? And why are you removing full stop? [[User:Smjdschool|Smjdschool]] ([[User talk:Smjdschool|talk]]) 11:32, 23 December 2024 (UTC) == The Crow Eaters == Please extend [[The Crow Eaters]] with references and more content. Otherwise, it may be deleted for not claiming notability. [[Special:Contributions/174.160.82.127|174.160.82.127]] ([[User talk:174.160.82.127|talk]]) 22:10, 29 December 2024 (UTC) == December 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, {{ROOTPAGENAME}}! Here at Simple English Wikipedia, we use the section heading "Other websites" instead of English Wikipedia's "External links". This makes it simpler and easier to read. Please remember to use "Other websites" in pages that you create in the future. Thank you for your help!<!-- Template:Uw-otherweb --> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 03:10, 31 December 2024 (UTC) :Thank you! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:04, 2 January 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Rozvi Empire== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Rozvi Empire]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Rozvi Empire]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Garudam|Garudam]] ([[User talk:Garudam|talk]]) 09:36, 3 January 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of The Crow Eaters== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:The Crow Eaters]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Crow Eaters]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Garudam|Garudam]] ([[User talk:Garudam|talk]]) 10:13, 3 January 2025 (UTC) == Deletion requests 2 == Hi, when you make an RfD, please list it at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion]]. I am hoping you can list [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fuller Road]] to show that you know how to do it. Thanks. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:E5B9:8B7B:A42C:77C|2601:644:907E:A70:E5B9:8B7B:A42C:77C]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:E5B9:8B7B:A42C:77C|talk]]) 21:25, 4 January 2025 (UTC) :If you don't add it then I can add it. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:4D8F:73EF:8E4A:F490|2601:644:907E:A70:4D8F:73EF:8E4A:F490]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:4D8F:73EF:8E4A:F490|talk]]) 02:05, 5 January 2025 (UTC) == January 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to Wikipedia. Your change to the page [[:Karkota dynasty]] worked, but because it had things in it which did not help improve the page, it was [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you would like to do more tests on Wikipedia, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. You may also want to read the [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome page]] to learn about helping the Simple English Wikipedia. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-test1 --> ''Kindly add the reason while the addition of maintenance tags, Thanks'' [[User:Shakib ul hassan|<span style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; color:black;">Shakib ul hassan</span>]] [[User talk:Shakib ul hassan|<span style="font-weight:bold; color:grey; font-size:90%; position:relative; top:-2px;"> talk!</span>]] 19:25, 6 January 2025 (UTC) == Mourning Doves == I saw the edit war on the [[Mourning Dove]] article, they aren't native or introduced in pakistan, and it's not mentioned anywhere, do you have a source that would say otherwise? [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:16, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :Yes. Http://www.earthlife.net [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:17, 10 January 2025 (UTC) ::Could you link the specific source instead of just the website itself? Also, I saw that you said you researched it using Copilot? Using copilot as a source is not reliable at all. [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:20, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :::https://earthlife.net/mourning-doves/ {{ping|RiggedMint}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:22, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :::I think copilot is, but if SEW doesn't accept it I won't use it, thanks {{ping|RiggedMint}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:24, 10 January 2025 (UTC) ::::You seem to be referencing another encyclopedic-like source, there still isn't a good source of these guys being in pakistan, as quoted in the supposed source: "''These doves have been introduced to Hawaii and Pakistan.''" This is not a good reliable source onto if mourning doves were actually introduced in pakistan. I think it needs more context onto if they are actually there, no? And if so, it only needs a simple mention on the article. It does not need a category, as it's not native to pakistan. [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:30, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :::::TL;DR, try to find a more reliable and more contextful source, then i'll think it'll be good. Just don't put it as a category without any context. [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:32, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :::::Okay apologies, sorry i didn't mean to cause problems. {{ping|RiggedMint}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:32, 10 January 2025 (UTC) ::::::Yeah, you're fine. [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:34, 10 January 2025 (UTC) == Edits == Hi BigKrow, So sorry for rollbacking you, We change conflicted and I lost everything so I rollbacked you hoping if I clicked back a few times after the system would then think your edits were never made if that makes sense, I'll be honest I paniced and didn't want to lose everything I just did but nonetheless so sorry for rollbacking you - thank you for adding the full stops to the article it's much appreciated :), I've reinstated your edits and have finished editing there so you're more than welcome to edit it again :), Thanks, Warm Regards, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 18:04, 11 January 2025 (UTC) :{{ping|Davey2010}}, no worries my friend. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:05, 11 January 2025 (UTC) == Talk == Hello. Please leave me messages directly on my talk page, not on my subpages. Thank you. Best regards, [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 22:45, 12 January 2025 (UTC) :Apologies next I will, thanks. {{ping|BZPN}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:46, 12 January 2025 (UTC) ::time I will sorry. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:47, 12 January 2025 (UTC) == RfD == Hello. Please, pay more attention to your RfD reports. The report should be properly justified and provide possible arguments for removal, but your latest RfDs sound more like nonsense ([[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yazidi Rebellion]], [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Raid on Ottoman trading routes]]). It is very important to help other editors understand the issues in the reported article. Thank you. Best regards, [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 11:18, 14 January 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Talk:Privilege== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Talk:Privilege]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Talk:Privilege}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#g1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:14, 14 January 2025 (UTC) == Thank log == Hi there, do you have any idea why did you thank this [[Special:Diff/10013764|edit]] when my status become offline? [[User:Thetree284|thetree284]] ([[User talk:Thetree284|talk]]) 02:35, 15 January 2025 (UTC) == El Jordan 23 == Hi, could you explain in a little more detail on your QD of this article? https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Jordan_23 [[User:Adelaideslement8723|<span style="color:purple">𝓐𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓭𝓮</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴]] ♡ [[Special:Contribs/Adelaideslement8723|𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓼]])</sup> 22:14, 15 January 2025 (UTC) == [[User talk:Melitensis77]] == Hi, why create a talkpage with just your sign?--[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:14, 16 January 2025 (UTC) == Kurdish genocide rfd == Hi, if you want to make more comments, you can add them at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kurdish Genocide (1915-1918)]]. Thanks. [[User:Tuscan Ant|Tuscan Ant]] ([[User talk:Tuscan Ant|talk]]) 20:39, 16 January 2025 (UTC) == Ayaz Syed == They've been reported to AN - don't bother reverting until an admin steps in on this. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 20:55, 16 January 2025 (UTC) :Ok. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:56, 16 January 2025 (UTC) :{{ping|Ravensfire}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:56, 16 January 2025 (UTC) == Im sorry == Please don't ban me I made a huge mistake! [[User:Coconut0330|Coconut0330]] ([[User talk:Coconut0330|talk]]) 21:20, 16 January 2025 (UTC) == Shirley, New York == Hi, the link you added on [[Shirley, New York]] isn't working for me. Does it work for you? [[User:Tuscan Ant|Tuscan Ant]] ([[User talk:Tuscan Ant|talk]]) 00:36, 17 January 2025 (UTC) :New link added. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:39, 17 January 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you. [[User:Tuscan Ant|Tuscan Ant]] ([[User talk:Tuscan Ant|talk]]) 00:40, 17 January 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Lenningen-Schopfloch== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Lenningen-Schopfloch]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Lenningen-Schopfloch}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#db|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:59, 17 January 2025 (UTC) == The fighting with Mr.Hanes == I over reacted it won't happen again due to my built up anger I lashed out... I should act like an adult and show people respect. {{ping|Davey2010}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:01, 18 January 2025 (UTC) :Imho you have nothing to apologise for and I don't believe you overreacted either. I understand why you blew your top any normal person would tbh. Anyway happy editing, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:16, 18 January 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you very much. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:39, 18 January 2025 (UTC) == Flood flag == Hi, Just an fyi regarding your flood flag message on Dream Indigo's talkpage; I can't speak for them but from my personal experience requesting the flood flag everytime I wanted to make repetitive edits was a long, tiresome and mentally draining battle that I always ended up losing. *I've had flood flag requests ignored for an entire day *I've had requests declined for silly reasons *And I recently asked an admin for the flag and was replied to 10 hours later (which I understand) So as you can see from my point of view, requesting flood flag is a waste of time and If I were to ask for this everytime I wanted to make those edits I would probably end up being years behind on things because I would have spent years either waiting for a reply or battling for it to be accepted!, I guess it might be a better idea to ignore when people flood recent changes as there may well be a valid reason as to why they're doing so, If it's a vandal sure but if it's long-established users then I probably wouldn't care, Anyway happy editing, Warm Regards, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 23:37, 18 January 2025 (UTC) == Explaining my focus on car articles == hello i think you saw my contribuitions but i am more focused on car articles i already did this when i was a good ip editor and i am focusing on making more car articles about honda maybe Acura and other brands (also i made the [[honda Fit]] article that is a good article btw and in the future i will probably contribuite on the portuguese Wikipedia) so i hope you understand that anyways good luck with your contribuitions best regards!. [[User:Automobile enthusiast|Automobile enthusiast]] ([[User talk:Automobile enthusiast|talk]]) 00:28, 19 January 2025 (UTC) == Declined QD - Naysila Mirdad == Hi there! I have declined your QD for Naysila Mirdad. In my opinion, it does not meet the requirement of "little or no meaning" and honestly, I am confused as to why you would have nominated it under that criteria. Am I missing something? [[User:Griffinofwales|Griff]] ([[User talk:Griffinofwales|talk]]) 23:44, 19 January 2025 (UTC) :I goofed [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:09, 20 January 2025 (UTC) ::Sorry [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:20, 20 January 2025 (UTC) == Bamberg == Hi, I removed that on [[Bamberg]] because it was a link to a disambiguation page that doesn't exist. [[Special:Contributions/192.83.149.205|192.83.149.205]] ([[User talk:192.83.149.205|talk]]) 23:59, 26 January 2025 (UTC) :Hi, can you please explain why you're reverting edits? [[Special:Contributions/192.83.149.205|192.83.149.205]] ([[User talk:192.83.149.205|talk]]) 00:26, 27 January 2025 (UTC) == How do you give someone thanks? == How do you give someone the thanks notification [[User:TS Rubber alt main|&#45;TS Rubber Alt Main]] ([[User talk:TS Rubber alt main|talk]]) 17:39, 27 January 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Old Nazi== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Old Nazi]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Old Nazi]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 21:30, 27 January 2025 (UTC) == Meir Zvi Bergman == Why did you remove living people from [[Meir Zvi Bergman]]? Is there a reason to think he's not living? [[Special:Contributions/207.62.246.71|207.62.246.71]] ([[User talk:207.62.246.71|talk]]) 00:29, 28 January 2025 (UTC) == Article == Hello, If you see someone moving a page can you at least wait 5-10 minutes before tagging it/editing it?, I appreciate your enthusiasm but this is the second time I've edit conflicted with you and it's the second time I've lost the work I've put in. Thank you. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:17, 28 January 2025 (UTC) :I'll try. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:18, 28 January 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Davey2010|Davey2010]] It doesn't make sense, you moved [[EP]] to [[Extended play (disambiguation)]]. Seems like a mistake. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|talk]]) 17:20, 28 January 2025 (UTC) ::.... @[[User:2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874]] Yes and then I changed the redirect from that disambiguation page to [[Extended play]] so that it makes Enwiki .... [[:en:EP]]..... –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:26, 28 January 2025 (UTC) :::Hi BK, No worries if you continue editing whilst I'm still busy then I'll just continuing rollbacking you, easy as that. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:27, 28 January 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:Davey2010|Davey2010]] No the page on enwiki is [[EP (disambiguation)]], not [[Extended play (disambiguation)]]. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|talk]]) 17:28, 28 January 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874]] Oops thank you for spotting this, Hopefully I've fixed this now, Many thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:33, 28 January 2025 (UTC) == General notes == Hi BigKrow! I saw the change you made while patrolling RC, so you said to the IP to stop vandalizing, to let you know next time, it is better to leave a general note instead of typing it out ;) I hope you have a good rest of your day and happy editing! [[User:Adelaideslement8723|<span style="color:purple">𝓐𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓭𝓮</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴]] ♡ [[Special:Contribs/Adelaideslement8723|𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓼]])</sup> 17:32, 28 January 2025 (UTC) == Quick deletion requests == Hello, BigKrow. I am concerned about quick deletion requests you have made; some today, and some in the recent past. Here are a couple of specific ones: *[https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charlotte_Amalie,_United_States_Virgin_Islands&diff=prev&oldid=10054213 This request] for [[Charlotte Amalie, United States Virgin Islands]], where you thought there was little or no meaning. : There isn't much information here, but there is definite meaning and enough for a stub. *[https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Charles_VIII_of_France&diff=prev&oldid=10054153 This request] for [[Death of Charles VIII of France]], where you included the comment "possible hoax?" :If you think something might be a hoax, please consider taking a little time to check. If you had looked at the English Wikipedia article, you would have seen that the information in this article really is the way the king died. I'm considering restricting your ability to make quick deletion requests -- and RFD requests as well, because some of those have had issues they shouldn't have had. When you want to make either kind of request, please take a step back and give it some thought first. Thanks. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 19:34, 3 February 2025 (UTC) :Please do take away my rights I don't mind, just letting you know I just try my best to help the project thank you. {{ping|Auntof6}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:37, 3 February 2025 (UTC) ::I agree with Auntof6 that you are not understanding the usage of QDs and RfDs. I am also considering restricting your ability to make deletion requests. I would recommend that you do not make any requests for a period of three months and that you carefully read the policies and guidelines pertaining to deletions. I know I have turned down your requests. You seem to think things that you don't agree with are nonsense whereas G1 is for gibberish and not things you think don't seem right to you. Please stop this behaviour. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:50, 11 February 2025 (UTC) :::Chill out I'm just trying my best. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 13:00, 11 February 2025 (UTC) == Change conflict of Zeds Dead == Hey I just wanted to let you know that I have made a change conflict causing both of us to be confused, I know that you were probably more confused than I am. Sorry about that, and thanks for reverting my edit back because that was a mistake. I got to be careful when someone else is editing and we post both our revisions at the same time, because it always results in a change conflict. Happy editing :) [[User:Adelaideslement8723|<span style="color:purple">𝓐𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓭𝓮</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴]] ♡ [[Special:Contribs/Adelaideslement8723|𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓼]])</sup> 23:33, 10 February 2025 (UTC) == Tommy Robinson Vandalisms == Hi can you please report the vandal that keeps on makes biased edits, he's reverting the anti-vandal bots and I have to revert him twice. Thank you [[User:CS012831|CS012831]] ([[User talk:CS012831|talk]]) 22:21, 12 February 2025 (UTC) :{{tps}} - @[[User:CS012831|CS012831]], I'm keeping an eye on them but as it's not been a constant stream of vandalism there's generally no need to protect the article (If anyone reports them it'd be declined anyway as again not enough vandalism to warrant protection), Thanks, Warm Regards, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 23:15, 12 February 2025 (UTC) == May you explain your revert? == May you explain why you reverted my change to [[English Wikipedia]]? [[User:Wynn Liaw|Wynn Liaw]] ([[User talk:Wynn Liaw|talk]]) 21:07, 13 February 2025 (UTC) == Your edits on User talk: Justin Bieber is a nazi == Hi, I have already reported the user on [[WP:VIP]] ;) Thanks! [[User:Adelaideslement8723|<span style="color:purple">𝓐𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓭𝓮</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴]] ♡ [[Special:Contribs/Adelaideslement8723|𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓼]])</sup> 03:12, 15 February 2025 (UTC) :Thank you [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 03:13, 15 February 2025 (UTC) == Loss of privileges at QD == Based on your complete misunderstanding of QD criteria as example in [[Barnala Tehsil]] I am restricting your ability to tag articles for QD foe 6 months. The article is no different to many other place names that exist here. If you nominate any article except in your user space you will be blocked from editing for 6 months. I am leaving your ability to run RfDs because those are less problematic. {{ping|auntof6}} FYI '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:04, 18 February 2025 (UTC) :thank you [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:47, 18 February 2025 (UTC) Good morning BigKrow! The above-mentioned restriction in no longer in effect, however, you should observe the guidance provided by Fr33kman and review carefully the deletion policy before nominating any article for deletion or quick deletion. As a group of administrators, we are here to help and mentor you, but our time is limited. Unnecessary and inappropriate requests take up the community's time from working on improving Wikipedia. I recommend that if you have any questions about an article and whether it should be nominated, ask an administrator or other experienced member of the community before placing the tag. As a further note, when nominating an article for deletion or quick deletion, you should be clear about 1. which policy is not being followed by the article and 2. provide specific reasons as to why the article does not meet that policy. For example, ''notability?'' is not an acceptable RFD reason. ''Article does not meet GNG because it lacks reliable secondary sources'' is an acceptable reason. Similarly, for a QD, A4 for an article that clearly states a reason for being notable is not appropriate. If the article does not meet another policy, it should be nominated for RFD. I appreciate all your time and look forward to you continuing to contribute on the project. Best, [[User:Griffinofwales|Griff]] ([[User talk:Griffinofwales|talk]]) 01:45, 27 February 2025 (UTC) :Appreciate it, thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 01:57, 27 February 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Boris the Rocket== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Boris the Rocket]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Boris the Rocket]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:16, 20 February 2025 (UTC) == Edit summaries 2 == Hi Big Krow, When you're reverting to a revision you need to say ''why'' you're reverting back to that revision. Your reversions [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Higginson,_Arkansas&diff=prev&oldid=10089405 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Golf&diff=prev&oldid=10089403 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cookie_Jar_Group&diff=prev&oldid=10086201 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_%26_Friends&diff=prev&oldid=10086199 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Politico&diff=prev&oldid=10076275 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=English_Wikipedia&diff=prev&oldid=10076189 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Pennsylvania&diff=prev&oldid=10076188 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Stewart&diff=prev&oldid=10065624 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=JackTheBus&diff=prev&oldid=10056743 here] and [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venus&diff=prev&oldid=10054717 here] should all state why you're reverting. As I'm sure you can appreciate we're not all mind readers and some of the users above may be editing in good faith and would be none the wiser as to why they're being reverted. Some of your non-edit-summary reverts have been to revert obvious vandalism (reverting to a bot version etc) or reverting unrelated image change vandalism so I'm turning a blind eye to those but still ... you need to provide edit summaries (the only time you don't need to use one is if it's obvious vandalism and you're using the [[WP:ROLLBACK]] tool), I'm also CCing @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] so that they're aware of this although I would hope going forward this isn't an issue any more, Thanks for your understanding, Have a great day, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 23:32, 20 February 2025 (UTC) :{{comment}} Diffused this section from another section with the same name. ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 23:35, 20 February 2025 (UTC) ==Barnstar== {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Barnstar of Reversion Hires.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Anti-Vandalism Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Thank you for reverting vandalism in Belgium and some pages! I was about to revert the edits but nice job! And for doing that, you get a barnstar! [[User:Thetree284|thetree284]] ([[User talk:Thetree284|talk]]) 00:29, 21 February 2025 (UTC) |} :Appreciated! I really try my best. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:30, 21 February 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Boris the Rocket== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Boris the Rocket]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Boris the Rocket]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Zjui3r|Zjui3r]] ([[User talk:Zjui3r|talk]]) 05:24, 21 February 2025 (UTC) == February 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px|left]] Please do not remove [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]] tags from articles, as you did to "[[:Stubborn Fat]]", without a good reason. If you think the article should not be deleted, please add {{tl|wait}} to the article and explain your reason on the article's [[Wikipedia:Talk page|talk page]]. Thank you. <!-- Template:Uw-qd --> [[Special:Contributions/192.83.149.205|192.83.149.205]] ([[User talk:192.83.149.205|talk]]) 23:15, 24 February 2025 (UTC) ==Talkback== {{tb|WP:AN|BigKrow (end of February)|ts=08:27, 28 February 2025 (UTC)}} Please participate in the discussion. [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 08:27, 28 February 2025 (UTC) == Kiara Tito == [[Kiara Tito]] has two RfD's on the same page. The second one should be removed. [[Special:Contributions/169.229.202.223|169.229.202.223]] ([[User talk:169.229.202.223|talk]]) 23:39, 17 March 2025 (UTC) :Ok thank you [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 23:50, 17 March 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Mark Gero== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Mark Gero]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Mark Gero}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Kuskrey|Ksy]] 09:22, 2 April 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Mike Gminski== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Mike Gminski]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Mike Gminski}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 01:20, 5 April 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Asterisk Talley== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Asterisk Talley]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Asterisk Talley}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Jlwoodwa|jlwoodwa]] ([[User talk:Jlwoodwa|talk]]) 18:48, 5 April 2025 (UTC) == Article == Why you create short [[August Harbaum|article]], i recommended you to stay your article in your user space and move once you completed, please follow [[WP:MOS]]. Thanks!<span id="Raayaan9911:1744313719778:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:35, 10 April 2025 (UTC)</span> :I'm trying to make bigger [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:37, 10 April 2025 (UTC) ::I checked your article count, you have 164 total articles count, next time, just finish your article slowly in your user space, once you completed, move to mainspace. Also, please don't beat other editors' article count. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:43, 10 April 2025 (UTC) == A Cactus for you! == [[File:Cactus.jpg|left|150px]] --[[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 11:54, 11 April 2025 (UTC) :Thank you friend. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 15:04, 11 April 2025 (UTC) == Request == https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/VastavAI can you move this to [[Vastav AI]] [[User:Nexion7|Nexion7]] ([[User talk:Nexion7|talk]]) 20:43, 13 April 2025 (UTC) == [[2001 Daytona 500]] and [[The Magician (French TV series)]] == Hi, can you please add more content to these; as they are, there isn't much information and might qualify for [[WP:QD]]. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:15, 14 April 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:BRPever|BRPever]] and BigKrow, I hope it was okay but I've rewritten and expanded the The Magician (French TV series) article, I find TV shows easy to create/expand so am more than help with these, If it wasn't okay then let me know and I won't interfere again, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 15:41, 14 April 2025 (UTC) :I improved this article called [[2001 Daytona 500]], did you like it? [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 15:44, 14 April 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for improving it guys. Looks much better. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:57, 14 April 2025 (UTC) :::You're welcome! [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 15:58, 14 April 2025 (UTC) ::::No worries :), Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 16:01, 14 April 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Emmi Drexel== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Emmi Drexel]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Emmi Drexel}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 11:52, 24 April 2025 (UTC) :Some of your non-notable articles as example of [[Amanda Crowe]] are deleted, i recommended you to follow [[WP:PEOPLE]]. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 11:58, 24 April 2025 (UTC) == Quality articles == Can you please expand your recent articles like [[Village of the Giants]]? Most of them are low quality and doesn't have any references, i recommended complete your article in your user space and follow [[WP:MOS]] i already left you notice message.<span id="Raayaan9911:1745741169178:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 08:06, 27 April 2025 (UTC)</span> ==Quick deletion of Diem T. T. Tran== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Diem T. T. Tran]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Diem T. T. Tran}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 11:00, 27 April 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of BUMRUSH45== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:BUMRUSH45]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:BUMRUSH45}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:03, 29 April 2025 (UTC) == Low quality articles == Please stop creating low quality articles, most of them are doesn't have any references, very short and doesn't have any cats. You're just beating others' articles count.<span id="Raayaan9911:1745943081219:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:11, 29 April 2025 (UTC)</span> :I like to create pages on all sorts of topics. @[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:13, 29 April 2025 (UTC) ::You liked to create articles, but, most of your articles are low quality or non-notable, please complete your articles in your user space. If you continue creating low quality articles, you may be blocked. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:24, 29 April 2025 (UTC) :::Ok thanks. @[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:28, 29 April 2025 (UTC) == April 2025 == [[File:Information.svg|25px|]] Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make changes to the encyclopedia. However, please do not add promotional material to articles or other Wikipedia pages, as you did to [[:BUMRUSH45]]. [[Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not#Wikipedia is not a soapbox|Advertising]] and using Wikipedia to promote a product or [[WP:NPOV|point of view]] is discouraged. Take a look at the [[Wikipedia:Introduction|welcome page]] to learn more about Wikipedia. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-advert1 --> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:29, 29 April 2025 (UTC) :Thank you friend. @[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:38, 29 April 2025 (UTC) == May 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] [[Wikipedia:Welcome|Welcome to Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to change things here, but talk pages are meant to be a record of a discussion. Deleting or changing [[Wikipedia:Assume good faith|good]] comments, as you did at [[:Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard]], [[Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines#Things not to do|should not be done]], even if you meant it well. Even fixing spelling and grammar in others' comments is usually advised against, because it can irritate the users whose wrote them. Take a look at the [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome page]] to learn more about how you can help build this encyclopedia. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-tpv1 --> [[User:TagUser|TagUser]] ([[User talk:TagUser|talk]]) 17:41, 1 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Information.svg|25px|]] Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! I do not want to seem unfriendly or make you feel unwelcome, but I noticed your user page, and I am concerned that it might not meet Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:User page|user page guideline]]. After you have read that guideline, could we discuss my concerns here? I'd like to hear your views, such as why you want the current page, and whether you might agree to change it to something else. There are several ways we can deal with this matter: *If you can explain why your user page meets Wikipedia's user page guideline, I can stop worrying about it. *If you decide to delete the page yourself, please add "<code><nowiki>{{UserQD}}</nowiki></code>" to the top of your user page. An [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] will then delete it. *If we can not agree on what needs to be done, I can list your user page at "[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion]]" so that we can discuss with other editors whether the page should be kept or deleted. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-userpage --> ''Please don't write your user page looks like a encyclopedia article, user page is not encyclopedia article.'' [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:58, 1 May 2025 (UTC) :It's allowed to use your user page for testing articles, but you shouldn't put it in categories or use stub tags. Thanks. [[User:TagUser|TagUser]] ([[User talk:TagUser|talk]]) 20:08, 1 May 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:TagUser|TagUser]], I think I fixed it. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 01:20, 2 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]], i think I fixed it. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 01:21, 2 May 2025 (UTC) ::I looked at it, your user page with your signature but it's allowed. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 04:59, 2 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Audrey Jean Backeberg== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Audrey Jean Backeberg]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Audrey Jean Backeberg}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 18:06, 5 May 2025 (UTC) == Toby Fox Reverted edit == Hello, today you made an edit on Simple English Wikipedia's page on [[Toby Fox]] where you claimed to revert a user's edit, but you actually reverted my edit, and I am not the user you mentioned. I am not sure whose edit you meant to revert, so I have not made any changes. I wanted to make you aware. Also, if you did mean to revert my edit, I would like to talk about it, since I don't see any problems with the edit I made. Thanks so much! [[Special:Contributions/24.119.235.231|24.119.235.231]] ([[User talk:24.119.235.231|talk]]) 19:45, 5 May 2025 (UTC) :My mistake, I now understand that you ''did'' mean to revert my edit. I had misread your edit summary, and became confused. Now that I understand your edit summary, my first message is mostly irrevelant. :I am still confused why my edit was reverted and would like to talk about it to see if we could come to an understanding. :[[Special:Contributions/24.119.235.231|24.119.235.231]] ([[User talk:24.119.235.231|talk]]) 00:06, 7 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Cozi Zuehlsdorff== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Cozi Zuehlsdorff]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Cozi Zuehlsdorff}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 15:15, 6 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Lycia== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Lycia]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Lycia}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 15:15, 6 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|25px]] Please stop making bad pages. If you continue, you will be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing and creating pages on Wikipedia. <!-- Template:uw-create3 --> ''Many of the articles you've created have been low quality, and not contained any references or categories. You also need to make sure that articles about people, groups or organizations explain why the subject is notable.'' [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 15:18, 6 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:J991|J991]] I was being lazy sorry I will add sources and etc. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:02, 6 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:J991|J991]] you might want to delete my other bad articles. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:31, 6 May 2025 (UTC) ::I can't delete them but some of them might get nominated for QD or RfD. [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 15:12, 7 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|25px]] Your changes are causing [[Wikipedia:Disruptive changing|disruption]] to the project and this is not acceptable. Please stop. If your disruption continues, you will be '''[[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing Wikipedia.''' <!---Template:uw-disruption---> –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:11, 6 May 2025 (UTC) :Specifically [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Fixx&diff=prev&oldid=10240463 this], you've been told to use edit summaries before and yet you still haven't, :The user (correctly) added an infobox and (incorrectly) added an External Links section - could you not have simply reworded the heading instead of reverting them?, Moreover how do you expect someone to fix their mistakes if you've not told them what it is they've done wrong in the first place? –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:14, 6 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, BigKrow. When you revert a user's changes, like you did earlier, don't forget to leave the user a message on their talk page, especially when reverting vandalism or a test edit. You may find [[Template:User talk page warnings/table]] useful when doing this, to let them know that the change was considered inappropriate, and to direct them to the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-warn --> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 17:08, 7 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Wadi Damm== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Wadi Damm]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Wadi Damm}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 02:28, 12 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]] A4 only applies to a person, group of people, band, club, company, product, service or web content. [[User:TagUser|TagUser]] ([[User talk:TagUser|talk]]) 02:37, 12 May 2025 (UTC) ::Articles about other topics can't be quick deleted for not claiming notability. [[User:TagUser|TagUser]] ([[User talk:TagUser|talk]]) 02:37, 12 May 2025 (UTC) :::I'm not sure there are rules against tagging articles with QD about other topics for not claiming notability, but i improved article, i have wait for admin's decision. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 08:42, 12 May 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] i told you to use your user space for creating articles before, i have tagged you to QD. This is your last warning you'll get, if you continue creating low quality or non-notable articles, you may reported you to [[WP:ANI]]. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 08:49, 12 May 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]], im sorry. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:49, 13 May 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]], some info is better than nothing... [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 23:09, 13 May 2025 (UTC) :::::Please don't ping me again, it's considered unnecessary. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 02:51, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Notability tag == Please don't tag notability tag in bottom of talk pages like [[Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)]], it's considered wrong tag, if you made mistake? It's okay, don't worry, you should place carefully. Thanks!<span id="Raayaan9911:1747205566778:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 06:52, 14 May 2025 (UTC)</span> ==Quick deletion of Mordecai Shenhavi== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Mordecai Shenhavi]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Mordecai Shenhavi}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:15, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Douglas Williams (cricketer)== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Douglas Williams (cricketer)]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Douglas Williams (cricketer)}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:28, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Notice == [[File:Information icon4.svg|32px]] Hello. This message is being sent to tell you that there is currently a discussion at [[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard]] regarding an issue with which you may have been involved. The thread is "[[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard#BigKrow continued creating low quality or non-notable articles after final warning|BigKrow continued creating low quality or non-notable articles after final warning]]". Thank you.<!--Template:AN-notice--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:33, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Budh Singh Faizalpuria== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Budh Singh Faizalpuria]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Budh Singh Faizalpuria}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 17:06, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Partial block == Due to your history of creating bad articles on simplewiki and as a reciprocal block under [[WP:ONESTRIKE]] I have implemented a 6 month block preventing you from creating new articles. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 18:37, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], I appeal this outragious decision!!!! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:27, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ::Feel free. It is no different to your situation on enwiki. You've been warned and warned but you have chosen to ignore those warning and the community has asked for admin action. This has now been done. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 19:34, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], no it isn't done i request you all give me my creating new articles rights back, i have done nothing wrong i plead my innocence.... [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:36, 14 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Stop hand nuvola.svg|30px]] This is the '''only warning''' you will get for the bad changes you made. In your comments, talk about the changes editors have made, and do not insult the editors. If you make another personal attack on an editor&#32;as you did at [[:User talk:Fr33kman]], you may be '''[[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing Wikipedia'''. <!-- Template:uw-npa4im --> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:49, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]], leave me alone [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:50, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Unblock request == {{unblock reviewed|1=sorry i sweared but Fr33kman its not fair BigKrow (talk) 19:54, 14 May 2025 (UTC)|decline=No good reason provided for unblock. Please read [[WP:UNBLOCK]]. -- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 20:17, 22 May 2025 (UTC)}} == Full block == Due to your use of abusive language and behaviour I have fully blocked you. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 19:58, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], no [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:59, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ::Firstly, I suggest you calm down and think before you post. Secondly, wait for another admin to review your block and in the meantime think about why you've been blocked and what are the reasons you should be unblocked. I don't want to see you fully blocked but your current handling of the situation is very immature. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:08, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :::Hi, @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], could I still use my userspace to try to get an article reviewed for approval? Thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:04, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ::::I don't think the partial block will affect your creating pages in your user space. I see no problem with you using your user space to write new articles for review. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 21:10, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :::::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], I appreciate your patience with me, thank you! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:11, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Back to partial block == I have reset your block to a partial block as I think you just panicked and I want you able to take part in the discussion on ANI. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:13, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :Much appreciated, I do apologize to you @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], and all of Simple English Wikipedia. I was wrong about the matter. Do with wish as you please, sincerely [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:23, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Pestering == Please stop with [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Fr33kman&diff=prev&oldid=10259747 this] otherwise you really are going to be indefinitely blocked and next time you won't be unblocked as quickly!, You are blocked from creating articles for 6 months .... so take that time to understand how articles are created and what they entail (how they should look), Creating subpages and asking the blocking admin (or anyone) to review your articles is not okay and it stops now. Again, take the time to learn from your block and take the time to read articles and the various help pages we have here. You should also be aware that [[WP:CIR|Competence is required]] to edit here and at this moment in time you're failing that so unless you stop you're either going to be indefinetely blocked for [[WP:CIR|not getting it]] or pestering people. I have removed your post from Fr33kmans talkpage and seriously suggest you stop, Thank you. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:06, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] look at my user page [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:08, 15 May 2025 (UTC) ::You don't explain why he is notable. He would need to be a well-known artist, on a major record label, the recipient of major awards etc. You need reliable resources that you can cite: major magazines, media websites, newspapers etc. As you have it now I could delete it under QD:A4. Also please create sub-pages under your user space instead of using your user page. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:16, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::Example (of title for a) sub-page: [[User:BigKrow/August Harbaum]], in regard to the topic in the next post. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|talk]]) 03:22, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::Can i blank their user page and then create user space by copying their current user page for draft? [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 03:45, 15 May 2025 (UTC) ::::No. For starters: A wikipedia-user 'has to be the one', that start his-or-her-own sub-page or user-page (or even 'regular user-page'). [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:7580:532A:8665:BB|2001:2020:303:BB75:7580:532A:8665:BB]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:7580:532A:8665:BB|talk]]) 05:17, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::::It's has a stub template and category, please see [[WP:USER]]. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 05:22, 15 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::Remove "<nowiki>{{bio-stub}}</nowiki>" and "<nowiki>[[Category:Musicians]]</nowiki>", from '''that''' user-page.--Good catch!--However, I recommend that anyone '''except''' user:Raayaan9911, make that edit. (Note: i have got absolutely nothing agains user:Raayaan9911.) [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173|2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173|talk]]) 17:45, 15 May 2025 (UTC) /[[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173|2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173|talk]]) 17:49, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::{{Done}} i removed stub and category in their user page. :::::::@[[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] please don't use stub templates or categories in your user page, i already warned you. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 18:43, 15 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Glad to see my comment has been read and understood. Why are we allowing this user to circumvent the block by creating subpages of articles. Either way I shan't bother further wasting my breath here. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 19:47, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::::I removed stub and category in their user page only, i didn't allowing this user circumvent the block by create subpages of articles, i just misunderstood it. Don't worry :) [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:52, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::::I also undid my edit in their user page. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:58, 15 May 2025 (UTC) {{outdent}} The category and stub template should be removed or commented out. We can't categorize userpages in categories meant for mainspace articles. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 20:05, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] Thank you for clarifying misunderstanding. :@[[User:Davey2010|Davey2010]] user pages doesn't categorize it, it's only categorize mainspace articles. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 20:17, 15 May 2025 (UTC) == A middle manager in a killing-machine of Nazi-Germany == [[August_Harbaum]]. Please read edit remark, about 'what you seriously should consider, doing to the article'. See edit-comment in the following diff, simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=August_Harbaum&diff=10260053&oldid=10259259 Without c. all those 'German sources' (at the end of one particular sentence/period), then your article could easily get deleted 'on a bad day'. In my opinion, the Swedish wiki-article is a strong 'Delete-candidate'. However, the German wiki-article is an 'obvious keep', at German-wiki, in my opinion - however, i seriously doubt that a case could be made, in regard that he was a "key person" or "key figure".--He was part of [[middle management]] (of a killing operation also), it seems. However, he is a noted person, in the concentration camp system; 'The proof is partially in, that the German-wiki article has not been nominated for Delete !'.--I am fine with me doing c. no more work on this article.--Note: it is possible that his 'notability in German media, is largely because he managed not to be arrested-and-sent-to-trial, even though he was sited, as late as in the 2000s. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|talk]]) 03:14, 15 May 2025 (UTC) /[[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|talk]]) 03:17, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :If my first post (in this thread) seems helpful, then fine. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|talk]]) 03:16, 15 May 2025 (UTC) == QD noms == I have undone the last two QD nominations you did. The first broke the RfD page and the second was not nonsense. Please be more careful. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:55, 16 May 2025 (UTC) :ohh... [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:56, 16 May 2025 (UTC) == Template:This date in recent years/table == Are you planning to complete the nomination for this article at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:This date in recent years/table]]? Otherwise, please remove the RFD tag and the transclusion at the RFD list. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:38, 16 May 2025 (UTC) :someone can fix it.... @[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:39, 16 May 2025 (UTC) ::It's not someone else's job to fix it. If you're nominating something for deletion, you need to follow through with all the steps. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:41, 16 May 2025 (UTC) :::i refuse to fix it @[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:42, 16 May 2025 (UTC) ::::As you refuse to complete the nomination process, I have reverted your tagging of the article as an RFD. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:50, 16 May 2025 (UTC) == Herminie, Pennsylvania == Can you give a source for the information you provided on [[Herminie, Pennsylvania]]? Some of it appears to be wrong. [[Special:Contributions/2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99|2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99]] ([[User talk:2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99|talk]]) 20:05, 27 May 2025 (UTC) :I did. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:05, 27 May 2025 (UTC) ::https://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/pennsylvania/herminie doesn't seem to be a reliable source. [[Special:Contributions/2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99|2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99]] ([[User talk:2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99|talk]]) 20:09, 27 May 2025 (UTC) == Unexplained reverts == I noticed two reverts by you in the past hour or so that seem to be removing good faith improvements to articles with no explanations. * [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polandball&diff=prev&oldid=10295891 Revert one] * [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Melanie_Brown&diff=prev&oldid=10295904 Revert two] If you're going to make these reverts, you need to explain why you're making them. But, I don't believe either revert should have happened in the first place. Please be mindful in your revert actions and your usage of Twinkle. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 01:41, 30 May 2025 (UTC) == Use full sentences == When you add information to articles, please make sure that you write them in full sentences. Several of your changes today have been simply listing facts instead of writing them into sentence form. Please make sure you utilize proper grammar. Additionally, make sure all the information you add is properly cited as well. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:11, 30 May 2025 (UTC) == More edits of concern == I am concerned about these edits you made today: [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_Don%27t_Want_To&diff=prev&oldid=10297192], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santee,_California&diff=prev&oldid=10297194], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell_Gardens,_California&diff=prev&oldid=10297200], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Airuno&diff=prev&oldid=10297140], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campagnatico&diff=prev&oldid=10297144]. They all introduced information to the articles that were without sources and were complex in their language. Where did the information come from that you put into the articles? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 13:53, 30 May 2025 (UTC) :How about [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satoshi_Nakamoto&diff=prev&oldid=10299006 this edit]? Where did you get the information from? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 00:10, 31 May 2025 (UTC) ::I think they are using AI chatbot to write article. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 23:55, 31 May 2025 (UTC) :::Oh I assumed as much as well. I’m just looking for them to say it. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 23:57, 31 May 2025 (UTC) == AI-generated content == Please stop using AI chatbot to generate articles, any AI generated contents are complex as example of [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_remember&diff=prev&oldid=10298599 diff]. Please see [[WP:GPT]].<span id="Raayaan9911:1748734854286:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 23:40, 31 May 2025 (UTC)</span> :Your [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aryan_Brotherhood_of_Texas&diff=prev&oldid=10298977 diff] also has a AI-generated content. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 23:55, 31 May 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Maison du Boulanger== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Maison du Boulanger]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maison du Boulanger]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 13:34, 1 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Darius (French artist)== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Darius (French artist)]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Darius (French artist)}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 13:12, 4 June 2025 (UTC) == QD == Please be very careful at QD, your [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Nut_(fruit)&diff=prev&oldid=10309577 diff] has been tagged QD, you can remove disruptive comment. Tagging QD on new disruptive comments are unnecessary. Thanks!<span id="Raayaan9911:1749061606688:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 18:26, 4 June 2025 (UTC)</span> :I also improved [[2018–19 NBA season]]. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 18:28, 4 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Ding Liren's Immortal Game== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Ding Liren's Immortal Game]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Ding Liren's Immortal Game}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 19:04, 5 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Wadi Damm== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Wadi Damm]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Wadi Damm}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 19:09, 5 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Professional wrestling throws== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Professional wrestling throws]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Professional wrestling throws}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:11, 9 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Go Mecha Ball== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Go Mecha Ball]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Go Mecha Ball}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:32, 15 June 2025 (UTC) == film/movie articles == Hi BigKrow, hope you are doing well. Please note that all our articles on films/movies that need disambiguation use the title "movie" rather than "film" as movie is in BE 1500 but film is not. Thanks, --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:51, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == "Vandalism" == Hi BigKrow, If you're not sure on what is and what isn't vandalism then please don't revert, Anyone with half a braincell knows [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Island_Def_Jam_Music_Group&diff=prev&oldid=10367887 this] '''isn't''' vandalism and although I can understand ''how'' you reached that conclusion (because of the articles content) you still should've had the common sense to revert back to a non-Joseph revision instead of simply reverting a well-established editor. Be careful otherwise you could be blocked, Thank you. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 16:58, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Davey2010|Davey2010]] the edit that BigKrow reverted does look like vandalism. The editor replaced five grammatically correct paragraphs with two "paragraphs", both of which are grammatically unreadable nonsense. I'm not sure how :<pre>Net worth $55 million produce song for Zendaya Chris brown j.cole Nekfeu many upcoming artist</pre> :could be a helpful addition to an article. [[Special:Contributions/96.65.201.225|96.65.201.225]] ([[User talk:96.65.201.225|talk]]) 17:01, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:96.65.201.225|96.65.201.225]], The whole article was trashed (something Ternera didn't know) and I didn't know either until I took a second look, BigKrow simply reverted an established editor and QD-tagged the article without doing any due diligence, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:03, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 4228crw886qraknxckhel7m0am7pu3x 10367943 10367932 2025-07-02T17:07:38Z 96.65.201.225 /* "Vandalism" */ Reply 10367943 wikitext text/x-wiki == Welcome == Hello, '''BigKrow''', and [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome]] to the '''Simple English Wikipedia'''! Thank you for [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|your changes]]. You may want to begin by reading these pages: * [[Help:Contents|Help]] * [[Wikipedia:Rules|Rules]] * [[Wikipedia:Useful|Links to useful pages]] * [[Wikipedia:How to write Simple English pages|How to write Simple English pages]] * [[Wikipedia:How to copy from another Wikipedia|How to copy from another Wikipedia]] For some ideas of pages to work on, read [[Wikipedia:Requested pages]] or the [[Special:Wantedpages|list of wanted pages]]. You can [[Wikipedia:Be bold in updating pages|change any pages you want!]] Any changes you make can be seen right away. You can ask questions at [[Wikipedia:Simple talk]]. At the end of your messages on talk pages, please sign your name by clicking [[File:Insert-signature.svg]] or using four [[tilde]]s <nowiki>(~~~~)</nowiki>; this will show your username and the date. If you need help just <span class="plainlinks">'''[http://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Mytalk&action=edit&section=new click here]'''</span> and type '''<nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki>''' and your question and someone will reply to you shortly. Good luck and happy changing! <!-- Template:Welcome --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 03:10, 28 December 2023 (UTC) :Thanks! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 04:14, 28 December 2023 (UTC) == February 2024 == [[Image:information.svg|30px|left]]Hey there, BigKrow! Here are a few good ideas that you can use to help making articles in the future: *If the article that you made is under 1,500 characters, please add the {{tl|stub}} template into the article near the end (below the "Other websites" section, and below any categories). This will let other editors know that it is a short article that needs to be made longer. *If you have no idea what [[Wikipedia:Categories|categories]] an article that you begin should go under, please add the {{tl|uncat}} template to the article. This will let other editors know that you need help categorizing the article properly. Thanks for reading this long message, and happy changing here on Simple English Wikipedia!<!--Template:Uw-newarticle--> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 07:16, 3 February 2024 (UTC) :Thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:28, 13 February 2024 (UTC) == Quick deletion == Hi there. Please make sure to provide a reason to delete the article you are requesting speedy deletion of, with the reason being one of the criteria listed on the [[WP:DEL|deletion policy]]. You can format it as {{tlx|sd|a1}} for example. Thanks, --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]])</small> 22:21, 13 February 2024 (UTC) :Thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:28, 13 February 2024 (UTC) == Please provide reasons for deletion requests == Hello, at [[:en:n:special:diff/4763486]], an admin has requested you to provide valid reasons for your deletion requests. Please remember that the same manner is expected in all Wikimedia projects including here. Please also note that deletion requests without reasons may be rejected. For valid reasons for our project, please see [[WP:QD]]. In addition, SD tags must come to the top, not the bottom. If you add tags to the bottom, admins have to scroll to the end of the page. Thank you for helping simplewiki. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 01:47, 26 February 2024 (UTC) : Again, please provide reasons for deletion requests. If you don't know how to write them, feel free to ask questions. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:22, 21 March 2024 (UTC) == [[Wikipedia:Twinkle]] == Please consider using this, this can help your deletion requests. It is widely used in our project and enwiki. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:00, 26 February 2024 (UTC) == Deletion requests == I was processing current deletion requests and noticed that your request for Dj Tubet was not listed at [[WP:Deletion requests]]. When you create a deletion request, you must list it there or it will not be processed. I will put it there, but please be sure to do that yourself for any that you create in the future. Thanks. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 12:54, 1 March 2024 (UTC) == Drug dog == Two things: # Do you think [[Drug dog]] should be redirected to [[Police dog]]? # A user who created an article is usually allowed to blank it (especially if they just recently created it). This is taken to mean that they accept it being deleted, and it can be deleted under {{tl|Qd-author}}. [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 17:46, 6 March 2024 (UTC) :Drug sniffing dog or police dog sounds fine, what do you think? Thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:49, 6 March 2024 (UTC) ::I mean we already have an article about [[police dog]]s, and a drug-sniffing dog is one kind of police dog, but maybe the page [[drug dog]] isn't yet long enough to be a separate article. [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 17:51, 6 March 2024 (UTC) :::RFD? [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:52, 6 March 2024 (UTC) ::::I'll just redirect it. [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 17:52, 6 March 2024 (UTC) :::::k. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:53, 6 March 2024 (UTC) == Hey == Just wanted to let you know I did a test on my rollback as a script seemed to be blocking it. I reverted it back to your edit with the qd tag on it. Did not want you to be confused. Thanks - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 14:59, 2 April 2024 (UTC) :No problem! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:08, 2 April 2024 (UTC) ::So what do you think now? [[Erich von Manstein]] Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 17:04, 2 April 2024 (UTC) :::Looks great!!! Thank you!!! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:35, 2 April 2024 (UTC) == Linking == Hey BigKrow, To let you know we do not link to common terms that are universally known. I saw you relinked Village, Saskatchewan, and Canada in [[La Loche shootings]]. Saskatchewan I feel is ok, because not everyone will know will that is, but every person knows a a country and a village. Are you ok if I remove the links to those 2? Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 21:31, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :Yes [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:32, 3 April 2024 (UTC) ::Ok done. Also, I do not know if we have the full version here, but this is the en wiki version [[:w:Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking|Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking]]. ::Our exceptions: ::#We want redlinks galore (en wiki does not and hates them!) - Helps to find out what pages need to be created via [[Special:WantedPages]] (you may find something in there you want to write about too) I have found a few I do when I get time) ::#Common terms that everyone knows (like the two I mentioned) we do not do. Our goal is to keep it simple and if we link to all common terms, then we take the reader off of that article to another one to find out they already know what a village is, what a police force is, what the internet is, etc. ::There is a link and a conversation somewhere that I cannot recall at the moment as I am working on an article for someone and doing a review, but I figured this can be helpful for you. Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 21:42, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :::Thank you for being kind to me even though I was being an arse to you.... [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:45, 3 April 2024 (UTC) ::::Hey it is all good. Things happen and they go away. We all make mistakes and we learn from them. Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 21:55, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :::{{tps}} I think Simple English Wikipedia is different because we can only assume people know the words on [[WP:Basic English combined wordlist]], and [[Canada]] and [[village]] aren't on that list, so it would be okay to link them. [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 21:45, 3 April 2024 (UTC) ::::Ok you two please work matters out, ty. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:46, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :::::@[[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] :::::Village - [[Wikipedia:VOA_Special_English_Word_Book]] :::::As far as Canada, per MOS we do not link well known countries, however, we can link to the article [[Saskatchewan|Saskatchewan, Canada]] which makes more sense (actually I will make that change now). See [[Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Places]], [[Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Wikilinking]] :::::We do not strictly use the 850 or 1500 word books as other things come into play, like the link above on the VOA. Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 22:08, 3 April 2024 (UTC) ::::::I understand, thanks! [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 22:09, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :::::::@[[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] Anytime. Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 22:10, 3 April 2024 (UTC) == Regarding your recent edit. == Hey @[[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]], I saw you added {{tl|complex}} template on [[Kanyakubja Brahmin]]. I edited this article with as easy english as it can be. Can you exactly point out or explain which part of this article may not be easy for everybody to understand so that i can try to make it easier? [[User:Hong Wei Qin|Hong Wei Qin]] ([[User talk:Hong Wei Qin|talk]]) 00:33, 8 April 2024 (UTC) :Fixed template syntax, please use tl in future. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 01:07, 8 April 2024 (UTC) == Please avoid user page creations like [[special:redirect/logid/2686748]] == You have no reason to make user pages for others, and the username is unacceptable. You are just increasing admin jobs, and it is not helpful. Please avoid userpage creations like this in the future. Thank you for your attention. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 01:06, 8 April 2024 (UTC) == Concerns of unacceptable edit summaries in your recent edits == For example, [[special:diff/9466778]] includes an unacceptable username in the edit summary. In order to avoid this situation. You may want to use manual reverts instead of automated reverts generating problematic edit summaries. I hope this can help you. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 01:13, 8 April 2024 (UTC) == Reporting == When reporting users please use twinkle or else it doesn’t post correctly on the VIP board. Also to prevent other formatting issues please use it to warn other users as the templates you are using do not work and have to be substituted. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 03:57, 8 April 2024 (UTC) == [[Boletus edulis]] == I am done with it now. We had a few edit conflicts. If you see I am working on or just made an edit, I might still be working on it. If you could just wait and if you do not see me make a change within about 5 minutes, then I am probably done. Sometimes, especially with species, I have to make a template to correct an error or I am transferring something over from enwp to fix it. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 02:10, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :Understood, thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:10, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::No worries :) Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 02:11, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == Our [[template:warn]] is different from English Wikinews == Please have a careful look at the template, and choose the right template for each situation. Thank you for your attention. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:50, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :Gotcha, thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:51, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Charles Robinson (actor, born 1945)== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Charles Robinson (actor, born 1945)]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Charles Robinson (actor, born 1945)}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#g2|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 03:03, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == [[We Ride]] == Hi, not sure if you know how to fix this, but the cite av media note reference is throwing errors and does not give me much information on how to fix it. If you want to take a look and can fix it, please do and then ping me so I can see what you did. Thanks. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 15:07, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :I'm sorry I messed it up and I don't know how to restore it... apologies. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 15:09, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:PotsdamLamb|PotsdamLamb]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 15:09, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::You did not mess it up. I was working on fixing the references. That is one I do not know how to fix, as I have not worked with that template before. I will have to figure it out later. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 15:11, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == List of George Polk Award winners == Please give a reason why you [[special:diff/9471605|undid]] my correction of the [[Commonly misspelled words|misspelled]] ''miniscule'' to the correct spelling ''[[wikt:minuscule|minuscule]]''. Thank you. [[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] ([[User talk:Federhalter|talk]]) 16:32, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :I was mistaken sorry. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:33, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:33, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::@[[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] Just so you know neither version is simple English so it should be simplified anyways. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 16:36, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :::@[[User:PotsdamLamb|PotsdamLamb]] sorry. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:37, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::Now I see that I was wrong, because it is a quote and I did not follow [[WP:PUNC]] [[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] ([[User talk:Federhalter|talk]]) 17:08, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :::Ok no harm done. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:10, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:10, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == I’m confused == Why would you create [[Architecture in Stockholm]] and then tag it with ''it may not be notable enough'' to be on SEWP? There is a very in-depth article on [[:w:Architecture in Stockholm|ENWP]] with the same title. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 23:20, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == April 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, BigKrow. When you revert a user's changes, like you did earlier, don't forget to leave the user a message on their talk page, especially when reverting vandalism or a test edit. You may find [[Template:User talk page warnings/table]] useful when doing this, to let them know that the change was considered inappropriate, and to direct them to the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-warn --> ''Using twinkle will automatically do this for you with the right settings.'' Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 00:33, 12 April 2024 (UTC) == RfD vs. QD == So you know instead of filling up the RfD board, you can select an article for QD for not being notable as long as there are no claims to notability in the article or if someone disputes it claiming notability. Otherwise you can QD it and an admin will make the final decision. It may take a bit to get used to it. I’m bringing this up because of one of the articles I was going through (before I got sidetracked with vandalism reverts) got my attention. If you have any questions, please let me know. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 05:47, 12 April 2024 (UTC) == New pages == Hi there again. When you are creating new pages (like you did with [[Riki Choshu]]), they need to be complete and formatted properly. A one or two sentence article with an external link is not meant for this Wikipedia and can be subjected to QD and the more you make, the higher of a chance you get blocked for project disruption and making bad new pages. I recommend you look at [[Wikipedia:Guide to layout]] to see how these should be done. So please take a moment and review it and then work on the article. If you plan on making an bona-fide article, I recommend starting it in your userspace, then when completed move it to the mainspace. If you want reviews on an article, you are more than welcome to ask me directly on my talk page or you can ask on [[WP:ST|Simple Talk]]. While discussing on simple talk about enabling the new Mentor program here, one of our administrators had the following comment: {{blockquote|Also, please, please, PLEASE do not make it a goal to reach a certain number of articles. Every time we approach a big round number, we get a lot of minimal articles created just to inflate the number. A lot of those articles are of poor quality, and some even have to be deleted. -- Auntof6 (talk) 21:20, 12 April 2024 (UTC) (you can read the conversation here [[Wikipedia:Simple_talk#RfC_-_Turn_on_mentoring_system|Turn on mentoring system]]}} Your help in creating good articles would be appreciated as it is less work for other editors to have to do. As always, if you have any question, please feel free to ping me here or ask me on my page. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 01:23, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == [[User:BigKrow/1999 Sydney hailstorm]] == I moved the page 1999 Sydney hailstorm to your user space until you complete it. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 03:01, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == Notice == [[File:Information icon4.svg|32px]] Hello. This message is being sent to tell you that there is currently a discussion at [[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard]] regarding an issue with which you may have been involved. The thread is "[[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard#Issues with User:BigKrow|Issues with User:BigKrow]]". Thank you.<!--Template:AN-notice--> Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 04:29, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == Comments on another user talk == I saw the ping and conversation you left on another editors talk page about I need to stop interfering. They are correct in that you should post on my talk page and not theirs. So what seems to be the issue? Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 18:56, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == Very short articles == Hi, I've noticed that you've published some articles which are very short and don't contain a lot of content. I would suggest you to move them to your personal user pages, and once you have added substantial content, you can then put them into the mainspace. Remember, we want ''quality over quantity'' on Wikipedia. We don't want to create as much articles as possible because what really matters is the quality of articles. See featured articles as an example – they have a lot of info put into them and adhere to many article 'rules' on Wikipedia. Also, I suggest you to read the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]] so you know the formatting to articles, like references, citations, and etc. Happy changing! [[User:TheWikiCyclone|TheWikiCyclone]] ([[User talk:TheWikiCyclone|talk]]) 20:45, 13 April 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:TheWikiCyclone|TheWikiCyclone]] I'll try to start new articles with a good amount of information, apologies. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:46, 13 April 2024 (UTC) ::Thank you! 👍 [[User:TheWikiCyclone|TheWikiCyclone]] ([[User talk:TheWikiCyclone|talk]]) 21:00, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == Previous accounts == Hello. Have you used other accounts to edit the Simple English Wikipedia? Regards, [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 01:45, 14 April 2024 (UTC) :Yes, I m not going to deny that if thats the case block me for how ever long @[[User:Vermont|Vermont]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 01:47, 14 April 2024 (UTC) ::@[[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] Can you enlist all your previous usernames to make it more clear? [[User:DIVINE|<b style="color:#29F">DI</b><b style="color:red">V</b>]][[User talk:DIVINE|<b style="color:#080">I</b><b style="color:#808">N</b>]][[Special:Contribs/DIVINE|<b style="color:#FA0">E</b>]] 01:59, 14 April 2024 (UTC) :::I honestly don't remember@[[User:DIVINE|DIVINE]] because I suffer from mental illness sorry I would like to help [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:09, 15 April 2024 (UTC) ::::So how many other accounts have you used before. This a violation of the policies [[User:Darrenchant|Darrenchant]] ([[User talk:Darrenchant|talk]]) 12:35, 21 December 2024 (UTC) == [[Gate io Referans Kodu: 3930511]] == When an article is not in English here, please QD it as A5 "Not written in English." Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 20:33, 16 April 2024 (UTC) :K thnx [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:39, 16 April 2024 (UTC) [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, {{BASEPAGENAME}}! Here at Simple English Wikipedia, we use the section heading "Other websites" instead of English Wikipedia's "External links", which you used in "[[:Erich Kulke]]". This makes it simpler and easier to read. Please remember to use "Other websites" in pages that you create in the future. Thank you for your help!<!-- Template:Uw-otherweb --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 11:31, 18 April 2024 (UTC) :Thank you for telling me!!! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 15:38, 18 April 2024 (UTC) == Edit summaries == Hey when making an edit, even if minor, make sure to use the edit summary. Example is correcting spelling or grammar just use ce as the summary as that is a common term we understand. It means copy edit. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 02:41, 19 April 2024 (UTC) :Gotcha, thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:42, 19 April 2024 (UTC) == New article issues (again) == Hey when you bring over articles you need to include the references. You can also copy over the infoboxes from ENWP without issue. Always preview any article for any errors or in infoboxes look for any reflinks and fix the errors. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 23:44, 19 April 2024 (UTC) == QD A1 == Hello, QD A1 and other reasons in [[WP:AQD]] only apply to articles. For talk pages, please use reasons in [[WP:GQD]]. Thank you for your attention. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:53, 15 May 2024 (UTC) == Your warnings == If you are warning a user for making bad changes, use <nowiki>{{uw-vandalism1}}, {{uw-vandalism2}}, {{uw-vandalism3}}, and {{uw-vandalism4}}</nowiki>. Using <nowiki>{{warn}}</nowiki> instead tells them that they should warn other users when they undo their edits. I assume that's not what you meant to say. [[User:VirusDontKill|VirusDontKill]] ([[User talk:VirusDontKill|talk]]) 20:04, 14 August 2024 (UTC) :Thanks [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:16, 14 August 2024 (UTC) == My edit wasn't vandalism == I redirected a title which was missing a space to the correct title. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:E41D:46CD:505E:6D8E|2601:644:907E:A70:E41D:46CD:505E:6D8E]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:E41D:46CD:505E:6D8E|talk]]) 21:21, 14 December 2024 (UTC) :Ok. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:37, 14 December 2024 (UTC) == Hari Singh Bhangi == Can you tell me why you nominated Hari Singh Bhangi page you aren't even responding in discussion [[User:Jisshu|Jisshu]] ([[User talk:Jisshu|talk]]) 18:48, 20 December 2024 (UTC) :No Wikipedia page, {{ping|Jisshu}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:49, 20 December 2024 (UTC) ::he had Wikipedia page name hari Singh Dhillon [[User:Jisshu|Jisshu]] ([[User talk:Jisshu|talk]]) 18:50, 20 December 2024 (UTC) ::he was leader of Bhangi Misl so that's why he also refer as Hari Singh Bhangi[[User:Jisshu|Jisshu]] ([[User talk:Jisshu|talk]]) 18:51, 20 December 2024 (UTC) :::I moved it {{ping|Jisshu}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:55, 20 December 2024 (UTC) ::::thank you [[User:Jisshu|Jisshu]] ([[User talk:Jisshu|talk]]) 18:55, 20 December 2024 (UTC) == Repeated Vandalism == Hey Bigkrow, hope you’re doing good. There is a user https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Medicomonk&redlink=1 who is again and again vandalising pages as he did to the page ‘Anangpal Tomar’ and ‘Tomar’. I already warned the user to add information based on citations and not to cause vandalism inspite of that the user is constantly trying to do povpush. I reverted the changes made by this user but please intervine. Thank you [[User:HistorianAlferedo|HistorianAlferedo]] ([[User talk:HistorianAlferedo|talk]]) 20:08, 20 December 2024 (UTC) :{{ping|HistorianAlferedo}} At this point seek help from admins, thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:12, 20 December 2024 (UTC) == December 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Thank you for changing Wikipedia. We welcome all changes, but we can have only changes that are in [[Wikipedia:About|simple English]], and your new changes to "[[:Wamiqa Gabbi]]" were not simple. Please see [[Wikipedia:How to write Simple English pages]] so you can write more simply in the future. Thank you. <!-- Template:Uw-simple --> [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 13:05, 21 December 2024 (UTC) :{{ping|BZPN}} I'm pretty sure it was simplified. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:15, 21 December 2024 (UTC) ::It was not. I'm pretty sure that it was something like "She is pseudonym", which is actually nonsense. [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 19:19, 21 December 2024 (UTC) :::{{ping|BZPN}}, it was a typing error wow you fault me? [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:21, 21 December 2024 (UTC) ::::Maybe it was, but a reader could not understand it anyway. It was also unsourced. [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 19:36, 21 December 2024 (UTC) == Old St. Louis Mills QD == Hey, I have a question about the QD on [[Old St Louis Mills]] whilst the page is an obvious hoax, would that count as nonsense or a obvious hoax, or does that cover both? [[User:Jayden Johnson 2314|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:purple"> 𝙹.𝙹.</span>]][[User talk:Jayden Johnson 2314|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:black">𝕋𝕒𝕝𝕜 📬📧</span>]] 17:59, 22 December 2024 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Drake Maye== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Drake Maye]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Drake Maye}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 22:20, 22 December 2024 (UTC) == Maithili cinema == Why do you want, [[Maithili cinema]] should be remove? And why are you removing full stop? [[User:Smjdschool|Smjdschool]] ([[User talk:Smjdschool|talk]]) 11:32, 23 December 2024 (UTC) == The Crow Eaters == Please extend [[The Crow Eaters]] with references and more content. Otherwise, it may be deleted for not claiming notability. [[Special:Contributions/174.160.82.127|174.160.82.127]] ([[User talk:174.160.82.127|talk]]) 22:10, 29 December 2024 (UTC) == December 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, {{ROOTPAGENAME}}! Here at Simple English Wikipedia, we use the section heading "Other websites" instead of English Wikipedia's "External links". This makes it simpler and easier to read. Please remember to use "Other websites" in pages that you create in the future. Thank you for your help!<!-- Template:Uw-otherweb --> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 03:10, 31 December 2024 (UTC) :Thank you! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:04, 2 January 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Rozvi Empire== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Rozvi Empire]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Rozvi Empire]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Garudam|Garudam]] ([[User talk:Garudam|talk]]) 09:36, 3 January 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of The Crow Eaters== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:The Crow Eaters]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Crow Eaters]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Garudam|Garudam]] ([[User talk:Garudam|talk]]) 10:13, 3 January 2025 (UTC) == Deletion requests 2 == Hi, when you make an RfD, please list it at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion]]. I am hoping you can list [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fuller Road]] to show that you know how to do it. Thanks. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:E5B9:8B7B:A42C:77C|2601:644:907E:A70:E5B9:8B7B:A42C:77C]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:E5B9:8B7B:A42C:77C|talk]]) 21:25, 4 January 2025 (UTC) :If you don't add it then I can add it. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:4D8F:73EF:8E4A:F490|2601:644:907E:A70:4D8F:73EF:8E4A:F490]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:4D8F:73EF:8E4A:F490|talk]]) 02:05, 5 January 2025 (UTC) == January 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to Wikipedia. Your change to the page [[:Karkota dynasty]] worked, but because it had things in it which did not help improve the page, it was [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you would like to do more tests on Wikipedia, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. You may also want to read the [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome page]] to learn about helping the Simple English Wikipedia. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-test1 --> ''Kindly add the reason while the addition of maintenance tags, Thanks'' [[User:Shakib ul hassan|<span style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; color:black;">Shakib ul hassan</span>]] [[User talk:Shakib ul hassan|<span style="font-weight:bold; color:grey; font-size:90%; position:relative; top:-2px;"> talk!</span>]] 19:25, 6 January 2025 (UTC) == Mourning Doves == I saw the edit war on the [[Mourning Dove]] article, they aren't native or introduced in pakistan, and it's not mentioned anywhere, do you have a source that would say otherwise? [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:16, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :Yes. Http://www.earthlife.net [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:17, 10 January 2025 (UTC) ::Could you link the specific source instead of just the website itself? Also, I saw that you said you researched it using Copilot? Using copilot as a source is not reliable at all. [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:20, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :::https://earthlife.net/mourning-doves/ {{ping|RiggedMint}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:22, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :::I think copilot is, but if SEW doesn't accept it I won't use it, thanks {{ping|RiggedMint}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:24, 10 January 2025 (UTC) ::::You seem to be referencing another encyclopedic-like source, there still isn't a good source of these guys being in pakistan, as quoted in the supposed source: "''These doves have been introduced to Hawaii and Pakistan.''" This is not a good reliable source onto if mourning doves were actually introduced in pakistan. I think it needs more context onto if they are actually there, no? And if so, it only needs a simple mention on the article. It does not need a category, as it's not native to pakistan. [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:30, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :::::TL;DR, try to find a more reliable and more contextful source, then i'll think it'll be good. Just don't put it as a category without any context. [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:32, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :::::Okay apologies, sorry i didn't mean to cause problems. {{ping|RiggedMint}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:32, 10 January 2025 (UTC) ::::::Yeah, you're fine. [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:34, 10 January 2025 (UTC) == Edits == Hi BigKrow, So sorry for rollbacking you, We change conflicted and I lost everything so I rollbacked you hoping if I clicked back a few times after the system would then think your edits were never made if that makes sense, I'll be honest I paniced and didn't want to lose everything I just did but nonetheless so sorry for rollbacking you - thank you for adding the full stops to the article it's much appreciated :), I've reinstated your edits and have finished editing there so you're more than welcome to edit it again :), Thanks, Warm Regards, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 18:04, 11 January 2025 (UTC) :{{ping|Davey2010}}, no worries my friend. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:05, 11 January 2025 (UTC) == Talk == Hello. Please leave me messages directly on my talk page, not on my subpages. Thank you. Best regards, [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 22:45, 12 January 2025 (UTC) :Apologies next I will, thanks. {{ping|BZPN}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:46, 12 January 2025 (UTC) ::time I will sorry. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:47, 12 January 2025 (UTC) == RfD == Hello. Please, pay more attention to your RfD reports. The report should be properly justified and provide possible arguments for removal, but your latest RfDs sound more like nonsense ([[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yazidi Rebellion]], [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Raid on Ottoman trading routes]]). It is very important to help other editors understand the issues in the reported article. Thank you. Best regards, [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 11:18, 14 January 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Talk:Privilege== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Talk:Privilege]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Talk:Privilege}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#g1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:14, 14 January 2025 (UTC) == Thank log == Hi there, do you have any idea why did you thank this [[Special:Diff/10013764|edit]] when my status become offline? [[User:Thetree284|thetree284]] ([[User talk:Thetree284|talk]]) 02:35, 15 January 2025 (UTC) == El Jordan 23 == Hi, could you explain in a little more detail on your QD of this article? https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Jordan_23 [[User:Adelaideslement8723|<span style="color:purple">𝓐𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓭𝓮</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴]] ♡ [[Special:Contribs/Adelaideslement8723|𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓼]])</sup> 22:14, 15 January 2025 (UTC) == [[User talk:Melitensis77]] == Hi, why create a talkpage with just your sign?--[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:14, 16 January 2025 (UTC) == Kurdish genocide rfd == Hi, if you want to make more comments, you can add them at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kurdish Genocide (1915-1918)]]. Thanks. [[User:Tuscan Ant|Tuscan Ant]] ([[User talk:Tuscan Ant|talk]]) 20:39, 16 January 2025 (UTC) == Ayaz Syed == They've been reported to AN - don't bother reverting until an admin steps in on this. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 20:55, 16 January 2025 (UTC) :Ok. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:56, 16 January 2025 (UTC) :{{ping|Ravensfire}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:56, 16 January 2025 (UTC) == Im sorry == Please don't ban me I made a huge mistake! [[User:Coconut0330|Coconut0330]] ([[User talk:Coconut0330|talk]]) 21:20, 16 January 2025 (UTC) == Shirley, New York == Hi, the link you added on [[Shirley, New York]] isn't working for me. Does it work for you? [[User:Tuscan Ant|Tuscan Ant]] ([[User talk:Tuscan Ant|talk]]) 00:36, 17 January 2025 (UTC) :New link added. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:39, 17 January 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you. [[User:Tuscan Ant|Tuscan Ant]] ([[User talk:Tuscan Ant|talk]]) 00:40, 17 January 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Lenningen-Schopfloch== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Lenningen-Schopfloch]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Lenningen-Schopfloch}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#db|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:59, 17 January 2025 (UTC) == The fighting with Mr.Hanes == I over reacted it won't happen again due to my built up anger I lashed out... I should act like an adult and show people respect. {{ping|Davey2010}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:01, 18 January 2025 (UTC) :Imho you have nothing to apologise for and I don't believe you overreacted either. I understand why you blew your top any normal person would tbh. Anyway happy editing, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:16, 18 January 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you very much. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:39, 18 January 2025 (UTC) == Flood flag == Hi, Just an fyi regarding your flood flag message on Dream Indigo's talkpage; I can't speak for them but from my personal experience requesting the flood flag everytime I wanted to make repetitive edits was a long, tiresome and mentally draining battle that I always ended up losing. *I've had flood flag requests ignored for an entire day *I've had requests declined for silly reasons *And I recently asked an admin for the flag and was replied to 10 hours later (which I understand) So as you can see from my point of view, requesting flood flag is a waste of time and If I were to ask for this everytime I wanted to make those edits I would probably end up being years behind on things because I would have spent years either waiting for a reply or battling for it to be accepted!, I guess it might be a better idea to ignore when people flood recent changes as there may well be a valid reason as to why they're doing so, If it's a vandal sure but if it's long-established users then I probably wouldn't care, Anyway happy editing, Warm Regards, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 23:37, 18 January 2025 (UTC) == Explaining my focus on car articles == hello i think you saw my contribuitions but i am more focused on car articles i already did this when i was a good ip editor and i am focusing on making more car articles about honda maybe Acura and other brands (also i made the [[honda Fit]] article that is a good article btw and in the future i will probably contribuite on the portuguese Wikipedia) so i hope you understand that anyways good luck with your contribuitions best regards!. [[User:Automobile enthusiast|Automobile enthusiast]] ([[User talk:Automobile enthusiast|talk]]) 00:28, 19 January 2025 (UTC) == Declined QD - Naysila Mirdad == Hi there! I have declined your QD for Naysila Mirdad. In my opinion, it does not meet the requirement of "little or no meaning" and honestly, I am confused as to why you would have nominated it under that criteria. Am I missing something? [[User:Griffinofwales|Griff]] ([[User talk:Griffinofwales|talk]]) 23:44, 19 January 2025 (UTC) :I goofed [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:09, 20 January 2025 (UTC) ::Sorry [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:20, 20 January 2025 (UTC) == Bamberg == Hi, I removed that on [[Bamberg]] because it was a link to a disambiguation page that doesn't exist. [[Special:Contributions/192.83.149.205|192.83.149.205]] ([[User talk:192.83.149.205|talk]]) 23:59, 26 January 2025 (UTC) :Hi, can you please explain why you're reverting edits? [[Special:Contributions/192.83.149.205|192.83.149.205]] ([[User talk:192.83.149.205|talk]]) 00:26, 27 January 2025 (UTC) == How do you give someone thanks? == How do you give someone the thanks notification [[User:TS Rubber alt main|&#45;TS Rubber Alt Main]] ([[User talk:TS Rubber alt main|talk]]) 17:39, 27 January 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Old Nazi== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Old Nazi]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Old Nazi]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 21:30, 27 January 2025 (UTC) == Meir Zvi Bergman == Why did you remove living people from [[Meir Zvi Bergman]]? Is there a reason to think he's not living? [[Special:Contributions/207.62.246.71|207.62.246.71]] ([[User talk:207.62.246.71|talk]]) 00:29, 28 January 2025 (UTC) == Article == Hello, If you see someone moving a page can you at least wait 5-10 minutes before tagging it/editing it?, I appreciate your enthusiasm but this is the second time I've edit conflicted with you and it's the second time I've lost the work I've put in. Thank you. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:17, 28 January 2025 (UTC) :I'll try. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:18, 28 January 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Davey2010|Davey2010]] It doesn't make sense, you moved [[EP]] to [[Extended play (disambiguation)]]. Seems like a mistake. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|talk]]) 17:20, 28 January 2025 (UTC) ::.... @[[User:2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874]] Yes and then I changed the redirect from that disambiguation page to [[Extended play]] so that it makes Enwiki .... [[:en:EP]]..... –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:26, 28 January 2025 (UTC) :::Hi BK, No worries if you continue editing whilst I'm still busy then I'll just continuing rollbacking you, easy as that. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:27, 28 January 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:Davey2010|Davey2010]] No the page on enwiki is [[EP (disambiguation)]], not [[Extended play (disambiguation)]]. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|talk]]) 17:28, 28 January 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874]] Oops thank you for spotting this, Hopefully I've fixed this now, Many thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:33, 28 January 2025 (UTC) == General notes == Hi BigKrow! I saw the change you made while patrolling RC, so you said to the IP to stop vandalizing, to let you know next time, it is better to leave a general note instead of typing it out ;) I hope you have a good rest of your day and happy editing! [[User:Adelaideslement8723|<span style="color:purple">𝓐𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓭𝓮</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴]] ♡ [[Special:Contribs/Adelaideslement8723|𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓼]])</sup> 17:32, 28 January 2025 (UTC) == Quick deletion requests == Hello, BigKrow. I am concerned about quick deletion requests you have made; some today, and some in the recent past. Here are a couple of specific ones: *[https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charlotte_Amalie,_United_States_Virgin_Islands&diff=prev&oldid=10054213 This request] for [[Charlotte Amalie, United States Virgin Islands]], where you thought there was little or no meaning. : There isn't much information here, but there is definite meaning and enough for a stub. *[https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Charles_VIII_of_France&diff=prev&oldid=10054153 This request] for [[Death of Charles VIII of France]], where you included the comment "possible hoax?" :If you think something might be a hoax, please consider taking a little time to check. If you had looked at the English Wikipedia article, you would have seen that the information in this article really is the way the king died. I'm considering restricting your ability to make quick deletion requests -- and RFD requests as well, because some of those have had issues they shouldn't have had. When you want to make either kind of request, please take a step back and give it some thought first. Thanks. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 19:34, 3 February 2025 (UTC) :Please do take away my rights I don't mind, just letting you know I just try my best to help the project thank you. {{ping|Auntof6}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:37, 3 February 2025 (UTC) ::I agree with Auntof6 that you are not understanding the usage of QDs and RfDs. I am also considering restricting your ability to make deletion requests. I would recommend that you do not make any requests for a period of three months and that you carefully read the policies and guidelines pertaining to deletions. I know I have turned down your requests. You seem to think things that you don't agree with are nonsense whereas G1 is for gibberish and not things you think don't seem right to you. Please stop this behaviour. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:50, 11 February 2025 (UTC) :::Chill out I'm just trying my best. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 13:00, 11 February 2025 (UTC) == Change conflict of Zeds Dead == Hey I just wanted to let you know that I have made a change conflict causing both of us to be confused, I know that you were probably more confused than I am. Sorry about that, and thanks for reverting my edit back because that was a mistake. I got to be careful when someone else is editing and we post both our revisions at the same time, because it always results in a change conflict. Happy editing :) [[User:Adelaideslement8723|<span style="color:purple">𝓐𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓭𝓮</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴]] ♡ [[Special:Contribs/Adelaideslement8723|𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓼]])</sup> 23:33, 10 February 2025 (UTC) == Tommy Robinson Vandalisms == Hi can you please report the vandal that keeps on makes biased edits, he's reverting the anti-vandal bots and I have to revert him twice. Thank you [[User:CS012831|CS012831]] ([[User talk:CS012831|talk]]) 22:21, 12 February 2025 (UTC) :{{tps}} - @[[User:CS012831|CS012831]], I'm keeping an eye on them but as it's not been a constant stream of vandalism there's generally no need to protect the article (If anyone reports them it'd be declined anyway as again not enough vandalism to warrant protection), Thanks, Warm Regards, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 23:15, 12 February 2025 (UTC) == May you explain your revert? == May you explain why you reverted my change to [[English Wikipedia]]? [[User:Wynn Liaw|Wynn Liaw]] ([[User talk:Wynn Liaw|talk]]) 21:07, 13 February 2025 (UTC) == Your edits on User talk: Justin Bieber is a nazi == Hi, I have already reported the user on [[WP:VIP]] ;) Thanks! [[User:Adelaideslement8723|<span style="color:purple">𝓐𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓭𝓮</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴]] ♡ [[Special:Contribs/Adelaideslement8723|𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓼]])</sup> 03:12, 15 February 2025 (UTC) :Thank you [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 03:13, 15 February 2025 (UTC) == Loss of privileges at QD == Based on your complete misunderstanding of QD criteria as example in [[Barnala Tehsil]] I am restricting your ability to tag articles for QD foe 6 months. The article is no different to many other place names that exist here. If you nominate any article except in your user space you will be blocked from editing for 6 months. I am leaving your ability to run RfDs because those are less problematic. {{ping|auntof6}} FYI '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:04, 18 February 2025 (UTC) :thank you [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:47, 18 February 2025 (UTC) Good morning BigKrow! The above-mentioned restriction in no longer in effect, however, you should observe the guidance provided by Fr33kman and review carefully the deletion policy before nominating any article for deletion or quick deletion. As a group of administrators, we are here to help and mentor you, but our time is limited. Unnecessary and inappropriate requests take up the community's time from working on improving Wikipedia. I recommend that if you have any questions about an article and whether it should be nominated, ask an administrator or other experienced member of the community before placing the tag. As a further note, when nominating an article for deletion or quick deletion, you should be clear about 1. which policy is not being followed by the article and 2. provide specific reasons as to why the article does not meet that policy. For example, ''notability?'' is not an acceptable RFD reason. ''Article does not meet GNG because it lacks reliable secondary sources'' is an acceptable reason. Similarly, for a QD, A4 for an article that clearly states a reason for being notable is not appropriate. If the article does not meet another policy, it should be nominated for RFD. I appreciate all your time and look forward to you continuing to contribute on the project. Best, [[User:Griffinofwales|Griff]] ([[User talk:Griffinofwales|talk]]) 01:45, 27 February 2025 (UTC) :Appreciate it, thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 01:57, 27 February 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Boris the Rocket== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Boris the Rocket]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Boris the Rocket]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:16, 20 February 2025 (UTC) == Edit summaries 2 == Hi Big Krow, When you're reverting to a revision you need to say ''why'' you're reverting back to that revision. Your reversions [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Higginson,_Arkansas&diff=prev&oldid=10089405 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Golf&diff=prev&oldid=10089403 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cookie_Jar_Group&diff=prev&oldid=10086201 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_%26_Friends&diff=prev&oldid=10086199 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Politico&diff=prev&oldid=10076275 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=English_Wikipedia&diff=prev&oldid=10076189 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Pennsylvania&diff=prev&oldid=10076188 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Stewart&diff=prev&oldid=10065624 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=JackTheBus&diff=prev&oldid=10056743 here] and [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venus&diff=prev&oldid=10054717 here] should all state why you're reverting. As I'm sure you can appreciate we're not all mind readers and some of the users above may be editing in good faith and would be none the wiser as to why they're being reverted. Some of your non-edit-summary reverts have been to revert obvious vandalism (reverting to a bot version etc) or reverting unrelated image change vandalism so I'm turning a blind eye to those but still ... you need to provide edit summaries (the only time you don't need to use one is if it's obvious vandalism and you're using the [[WP:ROLLBACK]] tool), I'm also CCing @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] so that they're aware of this although I would hope going forward this isn't an issue any more, Thanks for your understanding, Have a great day, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 23:32, 20 February 2025 (UTC) :{{comment}} Diffused this section from another section with the same name. ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 23:35, 20 February 2025 (UTC) ==Barnstar== {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Barnstar of Reversion Hires.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Anti-Vandalism Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Thank you for reverting vandalism in Belgium and some pages! I was about to revert the edits but nice job! And for doing that, you get a barnstar! [[User:Thetree284|thetree284]] ([[User talk:Thetree284|talk]]) 00:29, 21 February 2025 (UTC) |} :Appreciated! I really try my best. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:30, 21 February 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Boris the Rocket== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Boris the Rocket]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Boris the Rocket]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Zjui3r|Zjui3r]] ([[User talk:Zjui3r|talk]]) 05:24, 21 February 2025 (UTC) == February 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px|left]] Please do not remove [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]] tags from articles, as you did to "[[:Stubborn Fat]]", without a good reason. If you think the article should not be deleted, please add {{tl|wait}} to the article and explain your reason on the article's [[Wikipedia:Talk page|talk page]]. Thank you. <!-- Template:Uw-qd --> [[Special:Contributions/192.83.149.205|192.83.149.205]] ([[User talk:192.83.149.205|talk]]) 23:15, 24 February 2025 (UTC) ==Talkback== {{tb|WP:AN|BigKrow (end of February)|ts=08:27, 28 February 2025 (UTC)}} Please participate in the discussion. [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 08:27, 28 February 2025 (UTC) == Kiara Tito == [[Kiara Tito]] has two RfD's on the same page. The second one should be removed. [[Special:Contributions/169.229.202.223|169.229.202.223]] ([[User talk:169.229.202.223|talk]]) 23:39, 17 March 2025 (UTC) :Ok thank you [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 23:50, 17 March 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Mark Gero== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Mark Gero]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Mark Gero}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Kuskrey|Ksy]] 09:22, 2 April 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Mike Gminski== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Mike Gminski]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Mike Gminski}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 01:20, 5 April 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Asterisk Talley== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Asterisk Talley]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Asterisk Talley}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Jlwoodwa|jlwoodwa]] ([[User talk:Jlwoodwa|talk]]) 18:48, 5 April 2025 (UTC) == Article == Why you create short [[August Harbaum|article]], i recommended you to stay your article in your user space and move once you completed, please follow [[WP:MOS]]. Thanks!<span id="Raayaan9911:1744313719778:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:35, 10 April 2025 (UTC)</span> :I'm trying to make bigger [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:37, 10 April 2025 (UTC) ::I checked your article count, you have 164 total articles count, next time, just finish your article slowly in your user space, once you completed, move to mainspace. Also, please don't beat other editors' article count. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:43, 10 April 2025 (UTC) == A Cactus for you! == [[File:Cactus.jpg|left|150px]] --[[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 11:54, 11 April 2025 (UTC) :Thank you friend. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 15:04, 11 April 2025 (UTC) == Request == https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/VastavAI can you move this to [[Vastav AI]] [[User:Nexion7|Nexion7]] ([[User talk:Nexion7|talk]]) 20:43, 13 April 2025 (UTC) == [[2001 Daytona 500]] and [[The Magician (French TV series)]] == Hi, can you please add more content to these; as they are, there isn't much information and might qualify for [[WP:QD]]. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:15, 14 April 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:BRPever|BRPever]] and BigKrow, I hope it was okay but I've rewritten and expanded the The Magician (French TV series) article, I find TV shows easy to create/expand so am more than help with these, If it wasn't okay then let me know and I won't interfere again, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 15:41, 14 April 2025 (UTC) :I improved this article called [[2001 Daytona 500]], did you like it? [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 15:44, 14 April 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for improving it guys. Looks much better. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:57, 14 April 2025 (UTC) :::You're welcome! [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 15:58, 14 April 2025 (UTC) ::::No worries :), Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 16:01, 14 April 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Emmi Drexel== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Emmi Drexel]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Emmi Drexel}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 11:52, 24 April 2025 (UTC) :Some of your non-notable articles as example of [[Amanda Crowe]] are deleted, i recommended you to follow [[WP:PEOPLE]]. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 11:58, 24 April 2025 (UTC) == Quality articles == Can you please expand your recent articles like [[Village of the Giants]]? Most of them are low quality and doesn't have any references, i recommended complete your article in your user space and follow [[WP:MOS]] i already left you notice message.<span id="Raayaan9911:1745741169178:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 08:06, 27 April 2025 (UTC)</span> ==Quick deletion of Diem T. T. Tran== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Diem T. T. Tran]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Diem T. T. Tran}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 11:00, 27 April 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of BUMRUSH45== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:BUMRUSH45]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:BUMRUSH45}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:03, 29 April 2025 (UTC) == Low quality articles == Please stop creating low quality articles, most of them are doesn't have any references, very short and doesn't have any cats. You're just beating others' articles count.<span id="Raayaan9911:1745943081219:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:11, 29 April 2025 (UTC)</span> :I like to create pages on all sorts of topics. @[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:13, 29 April 2025 (UTC) ::You liked to create articles, but, most of your articles are low quality or non-notable, please complete your articles in your user space. If you continue creating low quality articles, you may be blocked. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:24, 29 April 2025 (UTC) :::Ok thanks. @[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:28, 29 April 2025 (UTC) == April 2025 == [[File:Information.svg|25px|]] Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make changes to the encyclopedia. However, please do not add promotional material to articles or other Wikipedia pages, as you did to [[:BUMRUSH45]]. [[Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not#Wikipedia is not a soapbox|Advertising]] and using Wikipedia to promote a product or [[WP:NPOV|point of view]] is discouraged. Take a look at the [[Wikipedia:Introduction|welcome page]] to learn more about Wikipedia. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-advert1 --> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:29, 29 April 2025 (UTC) :Thank you friend. @[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:38, 29 April 2025 (UTC) == May 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] [[Wikipedia:Welcome|Welcome to Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to change things here, but talk pages are meant to be a record of a discussion. Deleting or changing [[Wikipedia:Assume good faith|good]] comments, as you did at [[:Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard]], [[Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines#Things not to do|should not be done]], even if you meant it well. Even fixing spelling and grammar in others' comments is usually advised against, because it can irritate the users whose wrote them. Take a look at the [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome page]] to learn more about how you can help build this encyclopedia. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-tpv1 --> [[User:TagUser|TagUser]] ([[User talk:TagUser|talk]]) 17:41, 1 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Information.svg|25px|]] Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! I do not want to seem unfriendly or make you feel unwelcome, but I noticed your user page, and I am concerned that it might not meet Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:User page|user page guideline]]. After you have read that guideline, could we discuss my concerns here? I'd like to hear your views, such as why you want the current page, and whether you might agree to change it to something else. There are several ways we can deal with this matter: *If you can explain why your user page meets Wikipedia's user page guideline, I can stop worrying about it. *If you decide to delete the page yourself, please add "<code><nowiki>{{UserQD}}</nowiki></code>" to the top of your user page. An [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] will then delete it. *If we can not agree on what needs to be done, I can list your user page at "[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion]]" so that we can discuss with other editors whether the page should be kept or deleted. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-userpage --> ''Please don't write your user page looks like a encyclopedia article, user page is not encyclopedia article.'' [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:58, 1 May 2025 (UTC) :It's allowed to use your user page for testing articles, but you shouldn't put it in categories or use stub tags. Thanks. [[User:TagUser|TagUser]] ([[User talk:TagUser|talk]]) 20:08, 1 May 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:TagUser|TagUser]], I think I fixed it. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 01:20, 2 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]], i think I fixed it. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 01:21, 2 May 2025 (UTC) ::I looked at it, your user page with your signature but it's allowed. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 04:59, 2 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Audrey Jean Backeberg== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Audrey Jean Backeberg]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Audrey Jean Backeberg}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 18:06, 5 May 2025 (UTC) == Toby Fox Reverted edit == Hello, today you made an edit on Simple English Wikipedia's page on [[Toby Fox]] where you claimed to revert a user's edit, but you actually reverted my edit, and I am not the user you mentioned. I am not sure whose edit you meant to revert, so I have not made any changes. I wanted to make you aware. Also, if you did mean to revert my edit, I would like to talk about it, since I don't see any problems with the edit I made. Thanks so much! [[Special:Contributions/24.119.235.231|24.119.235.231]] ([[User talk:24.119.235.231|talk]]) 19:45, 5 May 2025 (UTC) :My mistake, I now understand that you ''did'' mean to revert my edit. I had misread your edit summary, and became confused. Now that I understand your edit summary, my first message is mostly irrevelant. :I am still confused why my edit was reverted and would like to talk about it to see if we could come to an understanding. :[[Special:Contributions/24.119.235.231|24.119.235.231]] ([[User talk:24.119.235.231|talk]]) 00:06, 7 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Cozi Zuehlsdorff== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Cozi Zuehlsdorff]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Cozi Zuehlsdorff}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 15:15, 6 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Lycia== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Lycia]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Lycia}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 15:15, 6 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|25px]] Please stop making bad pages. If you continue, you will be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing and creating pages on Wikipedia. <!-- Template:uw-create3 --> ''Many of the articles you've created have been low quality, and not contained any references or categories. You also need to make sure that articles about people, groups or organizations explain why the subject is notable.'' [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 15:18, 6 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:J991|J991]] I was being lazy sorry I will add sources and etc. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:02, 6 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:J991|J991]] you might want to delete my other bad articles. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:31, 6 May 2025 (UTC) ::I can't delete them but some of them might get nominated for QD or RfD. [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 15:12, 7 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|25px]] Your changes are causing [[Wikipedia:Disruptive changing|disruption]] to the project and this is not acceptable. Please stop. If your disruption continues, you will be '''[[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing Wikipedia.''' <!---Template:uw-disruption---> –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:11, 6 May 2025 (UTC) :Specifically [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Fixx&diff=prev&oldid=10240463 this], you've been told to use edit summaries before and yet you still haven't, :The user (correctly) added an infobox and (incorrectly) added an External Links section - could you not have simply reworded the heading instead of reverting them?, Moreover how do you expect someone to fix their mistakes if you've not told them what it is they've done wrong in the first place? –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:14, 6 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, BigKrow. When you revert a user's changes, like you did earlier, don't forget to leave the user a message on their talk page, especially when reverting vandalism or a test edit. You may find [[Template:User talk page warnings/table]] useful when doing this, to let them know that the change was considered inappropriate, and to direct them to the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-warn --> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 17:08, 7 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Wadi Damm== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Wadi Damm]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Wadi Damm}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 02:28, 12 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]] A4 only applies to a person, group of people, band, club, company, product, service or web content. [[User:TagUser|TagUser]] ([[User talk:TagUser|talk]]) 02:37, 12 May 2025 (UTC) ::Articles about other topics can't be quick deleted for not claiming notability. [[User:TagUser|TagUser]] ([[User talk:TagUser|talk]]) 02:37, 12 May 2025 (UTC) :::I'm not sure there are rules against tagging articles with QD about other topics for not claiming notability, but i improved article, i have wait for admin's decision. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 08:42, 12 May 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] i told you to use your user space for creating articles before, i have tagged you to QD. This is your last warning you'll get, if you continue creating low quality or non-notable articles, you may reported you to [[WP:ANI]]. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 08:49, 12 May 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]], im sorry. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:49, 13 May 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]], some info is better than nothing... [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 23:09, 13 May 2025 (UTC) :::::Please don't ping me again, it's considered unnecessary. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 02:51, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Notability tag == Please don't tag notability tag in bottom of talk pages like [[Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)]], it's considered wrong tag, if you made mistake? It's okay, don't worry, you should place carefully. Thanks!<span id="Raayaan9911:1747205566778:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 06:52, 14 May 2025 (UTC)</span> ==Quick deletion of Mordecai Shenhavi== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Mordecai Shenhavi]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Mordecai Shenhavi}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:15, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Douglas Williams (cricketer)== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Douglas Williams (cricketer)]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Douglas Williams (cricketer)}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:28, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Notice == [[File:Information icon4.svg|32px]] Hello. This message is being sent to tell you that there is currently a discussion at [[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard]] regarding an issue with which you may have been involved. The thread is "[[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard#BigKrow continued creating low quality or non-notable articles after final warning|BigKrow continued creating low quality or non-notable articles after final warning]]". Thank you.<!--Template:AN-notice--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:33, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Budh Singh Faizalpuria== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Budh Singh Faizalpuria]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Budh Singh Faizalpuria}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 17:06, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Partial block == Due to your history of creating bad articles on simplewiki and as a reciprocal block under [[WP:ONESTRIKE]] I have implemented a 6 month block preventing you from creating new articles. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 18:37, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], I appeal this outragious decision!!!! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:27, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ::Feel free. It is no different to your situation on enwiki. You've been warned and warned but you have chosen to ignore those warning and the community has asked for admin action. This has now been done. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 19:34, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], no it isn't done i request you all give me my creating new articles rights back, i have done nothing wrong i plead my innocence.... [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:36, 14 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Stop hand nuvola.svg|30px]] This is the '''only warning''' you will get for the bad changes you made. In your comments, talk about the changes editors have made, and do not insult the editors. If you make another personal attack on an editor&#32;as you did at [[:User talk:Fr33kman]], you may be '''[[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing Wikipedia'''. <!-- Template:uw-npa4im --> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:49, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]], leave me alone [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:50, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Unblock request == {{unblock reviewed|1=sorry i sweared but Fr33kman its not fair BigKrow (talk) 19:54, 14 May 2025 (UTC)|decline=No good reason provided for unblock. Please read [[WP:UNBLOCK]]. -- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 20:17, 22 May 2025 (UTC)}} == Full block == Due to your use of abusive language and behaviour I have fully blocked you. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 19:58, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], no [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:59, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ::Firstly, I suggest you calm down and think before you post. Secondly, wait for another admin to review your block and in the meantime think about why you've been blocked and what are the reasons you should be unblocked. I don't want to see you fully blocked but your current handling of the situation is very immature. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:08, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :::Hi, @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], could I still use my userspace to try to get an article reviewed for approval? Thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:04, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ::::I don't think the partial block will affect your creating pages in your user space. I see no problem with you using your user space to write new articles for review. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 21:10, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :::::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], I appreciate your patience with me, thank you! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:11, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Back to partial block == I have reset your block to a partial block as I think you just panicked and I want you able to take part in the discussion on ANI. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:13, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :Much appreciated, I do apologize to you @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], and all of Simple English Wikipedia. I was wrong about the matter. Do with wish as you please, sincerely [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:23, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Pestering == Please stop with [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Fr33kman&diff=prev&oldid=10259747 this] otherwise you really are going to be indefinitely blocked and next time you won't be unblocked as quickly!, You are blocked from creating articles for 6 months .... so take that time to understand how articles are created and what they entail (how they should look), Creating subpages and asking the blocking admin (or anyone) to review your articles is not okay and it stops now. Again, take the time to learn from your block and take the time to read articles and the various help pages we have here. You should also be aware that [[WP:CIR|Competence is required]] to edit here and at this moment in time you're failing that so unless you stop you're either going to be indefinetely blocked for [[WP:CIR|not getting it]] or pestering people. I have removed your post from Fr33kmans talkpage and seriously suggest you stop, Thank you. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:06, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] look at my user page [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:08, 15 May 2025 (UTC) ::You don't explain why he is notable. He would need to be a well-known artist, on a major record label, the recipient of major awards etc. You need reliable resources that you can cite: major magazines, media websites, newspapers etc. As you have it now I could delete it under QD:A4. Also please create sub-pages under your user space instead of using your user page. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:16, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::Example (of title for a) sub-page: [[User:BigKrow/August Harbaum]], in regard to the topic in the next post. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|talk]]) 03:22, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::Can i blank their user page and then create user space by copying their current user page for draft? [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 03:45, 15 May 2025 (UTC) ::::No. For starters: A wikipedia-user 'has to be the one', that start his-or-her-own sub-page or user-page (or even 'regular user-page'). [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:7580:532A:8665:BB|2001:2020:303:BB75:7580:532A:8665:BB]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:7580:532A:8665:BB|talk]]) 05:17, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::::It's has a stub template and category, please see [[WP:USER]]. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 05:22, 15 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::Remove "<nowiki>{{bio-stub}}</nowiki>" and "<nowiki>[[Category:Musicians]]</nowiki>", from '''that''' user-page.--Good catch!--However, I recommend that anyone '''except''' user:Raayaan9911, make that edit. (Note: i have got absolutely nothing agains user:Raayaan9911.) [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173|2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173|talk]]) 17:45, 15 May 2025 (UTC) /[[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173|2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173|talk]]) 17:49, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::{{Done}} i removed stub and category in their user page. :::::::@[[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] please don't use stub templates or categories in your user page, i already warned you. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 18:43, 15 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Glad to see my comment has been read and understood. Why are we allowing this user to circumvent the block by creating subpages of articles. Either way I shan't bother further wasting my breath here. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 19:47, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::::I removed stub and category in their user page only, i didn't allowing this user circumvent the block by create subpages of articles, i just misunderstood it. Don't worry :) [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:52, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::::I also undid my edit in their user page. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:58, 15 May 2025 (UTC) {{outdent}} The category and stub template should be removed or commented out. We can't categorize userpages in categories meant for mainspace articles. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 20:05, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] Thank you for clarifying misunderstanding. :@[[User:Davey2010|Davey2010]] user pages doesn't categorize it, it's only categorize mainspace articles. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 20:17, 15 May 2025 (UTC) == A middle manager in a killing-machine of Nazi-Germany == [[August_Harbaum]]. Please read edit remark, about 'what you seriously should consider, doing to the article'. See edit-comment in the following diff, simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=August_Harbaum&diff=10260053&oldid=10259259 Without c. all those 'German sources' (at the end of one particular sentence/period), then your article could easily get deleted 'on a bad day'. In my opinion, the Swedish wiki-article is a strong 'Delete-candidate'. However, the German wiki-article is an 'obvious keep', at German-wiki, in my opinion - however, i seriously doubt that a case could be made, in regard that he was a "key person" or "key figure".--He was part of [[middle management]] (of a killing operation also), it seems. However, he is a noted person, in the concentration camp system; 'The proof is partially in, that the German-wiki article has not been nominated for Delete !'.--I am fine with me doing c. no more work on this article.--Note: it is possible that his 'notability in German media, is largely because he managed not to be arrested-and-sent-to-trial, even though he was sited, as late as in the 2000s. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|talk]]) 03:14, 15 May 2025 (UTC) /[[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|talk]]) 03:17, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :If my first post (in this thread) seems helpful, then fine. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|talk]]) 03:16, 15 May 2025 (UTC) == QD noms == I have undone the last two QD nominations you did. The first broke the RfD page and the second was not nonsense. Please be more careful. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:55, 16 May 2025 (UTC) :ohh... [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:56, 16 May 2025 (UTC) == Template:This date in recent years/table == Are you planning to complete the nomination for this article at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:This date in recent years/table]]? Otherwise, please remove the RFD tag and the transclusion at the RFD list. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:38, 16 May 2025 (UTC) :someone can fix it.... @[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:39, 16 May 2025 (UTC) ::It's not someone else's job to fix it. If you're nominating something for deletion, you need to follow through with all the steps. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:41, 16 May 2025 (UTC) :::i refuse to fix it @[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:42, 16 May 2025 (UTC) ::::As you refuse to complete the nomination process, I have reverted your tagging of the article as an RFD. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:50, 16 May 2025 (UTC) == Herminie, Pennsylvania == Can you give a source for the information you provided on [[Herminie, Pennsylvania]]? Some of it appears to be wrong. [[Special:Contributions/2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99|2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99]] ([[User talk:2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99|talk]]) 20:05, 27 May 2025 (UTC) :I did. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:05, 27 May 2025 (UTC) ::https://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/pennsylvania/herminie doesn't seem to be a reliable source. [[Special:Contributions/2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99|2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99]] ([[User talk:2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99|talk]]) 20:09, 27 May 2025 (UTC) == Unexplained reverts == I noticed two reverts by you in the past hour or so that seem to be removing good faith improvements to articles with no explanations. * [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polandball&diff=prev&oldid=10295891 Revert one] * [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Melanie_Brown&diff=prev&oldid=10295904 Revert two] If you're going to make these reverts, you need to explain why you're making them. But, I don't believe either revert should have happened in the first place. Please be mindful in your revert actions and your usage of Twinkle. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 01:41, 30 May 2025 (UTC) == Use full sentences == When you add information to articles, please make sure that you write them in full sentences. Several of your changes today have been simply listing facts instead of writing them into sentence form. Please make sure you utilize proper grammar. Additionally, make sure all the information you add is properly cited as well. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:11, 30 May 2025 (UTC) == More edits of concern == I am concerned about these edits you made today: [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_Don%27t_Want_To&diff=prev&oldid=10297192], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santee,_California&diff=prev&oldid=10297194], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell_Gardens,_California&diff=prev&oldid=10297200], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Airuno&diff=prev&oldid=10297140], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campagnatico&diff=prev&oldid=10297144]. They all introduced information to the articles that were without sources and were complex in their language. Where did the information come from that you put into the articles? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 13:53, 30 May 2025 (UTC) :How about [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satoshi_Nakamoto&diff=prev&oldid=10299006 this edit]? Where did you get the information from? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 00:10, 31 May 2025 (UTC) ::I think they are using AI chatbot to write article. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 23:55, 31 May 2025 (UTC) :::Oh I assumed as much as well. I’m just looking for them to say it. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 23:57, 31 May 2025 (UTC) == AI-generated content == Please stop using AI chatbot to generate articles, any AI generated contents are complex as example of [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_remember&diff=prev&oldid=10298599 diff]. Please see [[WP:GPT]].<span id="Raayaan9911:1748734854286:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 23:40, 31 May 2025 (UTC)</span> :Your [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aryan_Brotherhood_of_Texas&diff=prev&oldid=10298977 diff] also has a AI-generated content. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 23:55, 31 May 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Maison du Boulanger== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Maison du Boulanger]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maison du Boulanger]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 13:34, 1 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Darius (French artist)== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Darius (French artist)]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Darius (French artist)}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 13:12, 4 June 2025 (UTC) == QD == Please be very careful at QD, your [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Nut_(fruit)&diff=prev&oldid=10309577 diff] has been tagged QD, you can remove disruptive comment. Tagging QD on new disruptive comments are unnecessary. Thanks!<span id="Raayaan9911:1749061606688:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 18:26, 4 June 2025 (UTC)</span> :I also improved [[2018–19 NBA season]]. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 18:28, 4 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Ding Liren's Immortal Game== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Ding Liren's Immortal Game]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Ding Liren's Immortal Game}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 19:04, 5 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Wadi Damm== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Wadi Damm]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Wadi Damm}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 19:09, 5 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Professional wrestling throws== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Professional wrestling throws]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Professional wrestling throws}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:11, 9 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Go Mecha Ball== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Go Mecha Ball]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Go Mecha Ball}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:32, 15 June 2025 (UTC) == film/movie articles == Hi BigKrow, hope you are doing well. Please note that all our articles on films/movies that need disambiguation use the title "movie" rather than "film" as movie is in BE 1500 but film is not. Thanks, --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:51, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == "Vandalism" == Hi BigKrow, If you're not sure on what is and what isn't vandalism then please don't revert, Anyone with half a braincell knows [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Island_Def_Jam_Music_Group&diff=prev&oldid=10367887 this] '''isn't''' vandalism and although I can understand ''how'' you reached that conclusion (because of the articles content) you still should've had the common sense to revert back to a non-Joseph revision instead of simply reverting a well-established editor. Be careful otherwise you could be blocked, Thank you. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 16:58, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Davey2010|Davey2010]] the edit that BigKrow reverted does look like vandalism. The editor replaced five grammatically correct paragraphs with two "paragraphs", both of which are grammatically unreadable nonsense. I'm not sure how :<pre>Net worth $55 million produce song for Zendaya Chris brown j.cole Nekfeu many upcoming artist</pre> :could be a helpful addition to an article. [[Special:Contributions/96.65.201.225|96.65.201.225]] ([[User talk:96.65.201.225|talk]]) 17:01, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:96.65.201.225|96.65.201.225]], The whole article was trashed (something Ternera didn't know) and I didn't know either until I took a second look, BigKrow simply reverted an established editor and QD-tagged the article without doing any due diligence, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:03, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :::{{ping|Davey2010}} You warning them that they could be blocked for reverting something that made a sensible-sounding article into nonsense is not appropriate. You may as well warn Ternera for making an inappropriate edit. Ternera was just as responsible for reviewing their changes as BigKrow was. [[Special:Contributions/96.65.201.225|96.65.201.225]] ([[User talk:96.65.201.225|talk]]) 17:07, 2 July 2025 (UTC) h7g2kjofch4yx7qpqk0dhqmyzcywzqo 10367962 10367943 2025-07-02T17:16:55Z Davey2010 314522 /* "Vandalism" */ Reply 10367962 wikitext text/x-wiki == Welcome == Hello, '''BigKrow''', and [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome]] to the '''Simple English Wikipedia'''! Thank you for [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|your changes]]. You may want to begin by reading these pages: * [[Help:Contents|Help]] * [[Wikipedia:Rules|Rules]] * [[Wikipedia:Useful|Links to useful pages]] * [[Wikipedia:How to write Simple English pages|How to write Simple English pages]] * [[Wikipedia:How to copy from another Wikipedia|How to copy from another Wikipedia]] For some ideas of pages to work on, read [[Wikipedia:Requested pages]] or the [[Special:Wantedpages|list of wanted pages]]. You can [[Wikipedia:Be bold in updating pages|change any pages you want!]] Any changes you make can be seen right away. You can ask questions at [[Wikipedia:Simple talk]]. At the end of your messages on talk pages, please sign your name by clicking [[File:Insert-signature.svg]] or using four [[tilde]]s <nowiki>(~~~~)</nowiki>; this will show your username and the date. If you need help just <span class="plainlinks">'''[http://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Mytalk&action=edit&section=new click here]'''</span> and type '''<nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki>''' and your question and someone will reply to you shortly. Good luck and happy changing! <!-- Template:Welcome --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 03:10, 28 December 2023 (UTC) :Thanks! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 04:14, 28 December 2023 (UTC) == February 2024 == [[Image:information.svg|30px|left]]Hey there, BigKrow! Here are a few good ideas that you can use to help making articles in the future: *If the article that you made is under 1,500 characters, please add the {{tl|stub}} template into the article near the end (below the "Other websites" section, and below any categories). This will let other editors know that it is a short article that needs to be made longer. *If you have no idea what [[Wikipedia:Categories|categories]] an article that you begin should go under, please add the {{tl|uncat}} template to the article. This will let other editors know that you need help categorizing the article properly. Thanks for reading this long message, and happy changing here on Simple English Wikipedia!<!--Template:Uw-newarticle--> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 07:16, 3 February 2024 (UTC) :Thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:28, 13 February 2024 (UTC) == Quick deletion == Hi there. Please make sure to provide a reason to delete the article you are requesting speedy deletion of, with the reason being one of the criteria listed on the [[WP:DEL|deletion policy]]. You can format it as {{tlx|sd|a1}} for example. Thanks, --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]])</small> 22:21, 13 February 2024 (UTC) :Thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:28, 13 February 2024 (UTC) == Please provide reasons for deletion requests == Hello, at [[:en:n:special:diff/4763486]], an admin has requested you to provide valid reasons for your deletion requests. Please remember that the same manner is expected in all Wikimedia projects including here. Please also note that deletion requests without reasons may be rejected. For valid reasons for our project, please see [[WP:QD]]. In addition, SD tags must come to the top, not the bottom. If you add tags to the bottom, admins have to scroll to the end of the page. Thank you for helping simplewiki. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 01:47, 26 February 2024 (UTC) : Again, please provide reasons for deletion requests. If you don't know how to write them, feel free to ask questions. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:22, 21 March 2024 (UTC) == [[Wikipedia:Twinkle]] == Please consider using this, this can help your deletion requests. It is widely used in our project and enwiki. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:00, 26 February 2024 (UTC) == Deletion requests == I was processing current deletion requests and noticed that your request for Dj Tubet was not listed at [[WP:Deletion requests]]. When you create a deletion request, you must list it there or it will not be processed. I will put it there, but please be sure to do that yourself for any that you create in the future. Thanks. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 12:54, 1 March 2024 (UTC) == Drug dog == Two things: # Do you think [[Drug dog]] should be redirected to [[Police dog]]? # A user who created an article is usually allowed to blank it (especially if they just recently created it). This is taken to mean that they accept it being deleted, and it can be deleted under {{tl|Qd-author}}. [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 17:46, 6 March 2024 (UTC) :Drug sniffing dog or police dog sounds fine, what do you think? Thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:49, 6 March 2024 (UTC) ::I mean we already have an article about [[police dog]]s, and a drug-sniffing dog is one kind of police dog, but maybe the page [[drug dog]] isn't yet long enough to be a separate article. [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 17:51, 6 March 2024 (UTC) :::RFD? [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:52, 6 March 2024 (UTC) ::::I'll just redirect it. [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 17:52, 6 March 2024 (UTC) :::::k. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:53, 6 March 2024 (UTC) == Hey == Just wanted to let you know I did a test on my rollback as a script seemed to be blocking it. I reverted it back to your edit with the qd tag on it. Did not want you to be confused. Thanks - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 14:59, 2 April 2024 (UTC) :No problem! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:08, 2 April 2024 (UTC) ::So what do you think now? [[Erich von Manstein]] Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 17:04, 2 April 2024 (UTC) :::Looks great!!! Thank you!!! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:35, 2 April 2024 (UTC) == Linking == Hey BigKrow, To let you know we do not link to common terms that are universally known. I saw you relinked Village, Saskatchewan, and Canada in [[La Loche shootings]]. Saskatchewan I feel is ok, because not everyone will know will that is, but every person knows a a country and a village. Are you ok if I remove the links to those 2? Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 21:31, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :Yes [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:32, 3 April 2024 (UTC) ::Ok done. Also, I do not know if we have the full version here, but this is the en wiki version [[:w:Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking|Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking]]. ::Our exceptions: ::#We want redlinks galore (en wiki does not and hates them!) - Helps to find out what pages need to be created via [[Special:WantedPages]] (you may find something in there you want to write about too) I have found a few I do when I get time) ::#Common terms that everyone knows (like the two I mentioned) we do not do. Our goal is to keep it simple and if we link to all common terms, then we take the reader off of that article to another one to find out they already know what a village is, what a police force is, what the internet is, etc. ::There is a link and a conversation somewhere that I cannot recall at the moment as I am working on an article for someone and doing a review, but I figured this can be helpful for you. Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 21:42, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :::Thank you for being kind to me even though I was being an arse to you.... [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:45, 3 April 2024 (UTC) ::::Hey it is all good. Things happen and they go away. We all make mistakes and we learn from them. Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 21:55, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :::{{tps}} I think Simple English Wikipedia is different because we can only assume people know the words on [[WP:Basic English combined wordlist]], and [[Canada]] and [[village]] aren't on that list, so it would be okay to link them. [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 21:45, 3 April 2024 (UTC) ::::Ok you two please work matters out, ty. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:46, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :::::@[[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] :::::Village - [[Wikipedia:VOA_Special_English_Word_Book]] :::::As far as Canada, per MOS we do not link well known countries, however, we can link to the article [[Saskatchewan|Saskatchewan, Canada]] which makes more sense (actually I will make that change now). See [[Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Places]], [[Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Wikilinking]] :::::We do not strictly use the 850 or 1500 word books as other things come into play, like the link above on the VOA. Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 22:08, 3 April 2024 (UTC) ::::::I understand, thanks! [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 22:09, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :::::::@[[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] Anytime. Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 22:10, 3 April 2024 (UTC) == Regarding your recent edit. == Hey @[[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]], I saw you added {{tl|complex}} template on [[Kanyakubja Brahmin]]. I edited this article with as easy english as it can be. Can you exactly point out or explain which part of this article may not be easy for everybody to understand so that i can try to make it easier? [[User:Hong Wei Qin|Hong Wei Qin]] ([[User talk:Hong Wei Qin|talk]]) 00:33, 8 April 2024 (UTC) :Fixed template syntax, please use tl in future. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 01:07, 8 April 2024 (UTC) == Please avoid user page creations like [[special:redirect/logid/2686748]] == You have no reason to make user pages for others, and the username is unacceptable. You are just increasing admin jobs, and it is not helpful. Please avoid userpage creations like this in the future. Thank you for your attention. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 01:06, 8 April 2024 (UTC) == Concerns of unacceptable edit summaries in your recent edits == For example, [[special:diff/9466778]] includes an unacceptable username in the edit summary. In order to avoid this situation. You may want to use manual reverts instead of automated reverts generating problematic edit summaries. I hope this can help you. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 01:13, 8 April 2024 (UTC) == Reporting == When reporting users please use twinkle or else it doesn’t post correctly on the VIP board. Also to prevent other formatting issues please use it to warn other users as the templates you are using do not work and have to be substituted. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 03:57, 8 April 2024 (UTC) == [[Boletus edulis]] == I am done with it now. We had a few edit conflicts. If you see I am working on or just made an edit, I might still be working on it. If you could just wait and if you do not see me make a change within about 5 minutes, then I am probably done. Sometimes, especially with species, I have to make a template to correct an error or I am transferring something over from enwp to fix it. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 02:10, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :Understood, thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:10, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::No worries :) Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 02:11, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == Our [[template:warn]] is different from English Wikinews == Please have a careful look at the template, and choose the right template for each situation. Thank you for your attention. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:50, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :Gotcha, thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:51, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Charles Robinson (actor, born 1945)== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Charles Robinson (actor, born 1945)]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Charles Robinson (actor, born 1945)}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#g2|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 03:03, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == [[We Ride]] == Hi, not sure if you know how to fix this, but the cite av media note reference is throwing errors and does not give me much information on how to fix it. If you want to take a look and can fix it, please do and then ping me so I can see what you did. Thanks. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 15:07, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :I'm sorry I messed it up and I don't know how to restore it... apologies. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 15:09, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:PotsdamLamb|PotsdamLamb]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 15:09, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::You did not mess it up. I was working on fixing the references. That is one I do not know how to fix, as I have not worked with that template before. I will have to figure it out later. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 15:11, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == List of George Polk Award winners == Please give a reason why you [[special:diff/9471605|undid]] my correction of the [[Commonly misspelled words|misspelled]] ''miniscule'' to the correct spelling ''[[wikt:minuscule|minuscule]]''. Thank you. [[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] ([[User talk:Federhalter|talk]]) 16:32, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :I was mistaken sorry. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:33, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:33, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::@[[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] Just so you know neither version is simple English so it should be simplified anyways. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 16:36, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :::@[[User:PotsdamLamb|PotsdamLamb]] sorry. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:37, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::Now I see that I was wrong, because it is a quote and I did not follow [[WP:PUNC]] [[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] ([[User talk:Federhalter|talk]]) 17:08, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :::Ok no harm done. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:10, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:10, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == I’m confused == Why would you create [[Architecture in Stockholm]] and then tag it with ''it may not be notable enough'' to be on SEWP? There is a very in-depth article on [[:w:Architecture in Stockholm|ENWP]] with the same title. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 23:20, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == April 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, BigKrow. When you revert a user's changes, like you did earlier, don't forget to leave the user a message on their talk page, especially when reverting vandalism or a test edit. You may find [[Template:User talk page warnings/table]] useful when doing this, to let them know that the change was considered inappropriate, and to direct them to the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-warn --> ''Using twinkle will automatically do this for you with the right settings.'' Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 00:33, 12 April 2024 (UTC) == RfD vs. QD == So you know instead of filling up the RfD board, you can select an article for QD for not being notable as long as there are no claims to notability in the article or if someone disputes it claiming notability. Otherwise you can QD it and an admin will make the final decision. It may take a bit to get used to it. I’m bringing this up because of one of the articles I was going through (before I got sidetracked with vandalism reverts) got my attention. If you have any questions, please let me know. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 05:47, 12 April 2024 (UTC) == New pages == Hi there again. When you are creating new pages (like you did with [[Riki Choshu]]), they need to be complete and formatted properly. A one or two sentence article with an external link is not meant for this Wikipedia and can be subjected to QD and the more you make, the higher of a chance you get blocked for project disruption and making bad new pages. I recommend you look at [[Wikipedia:Guide to layout]] to see how these should be done. So please take a moment and review it and then work on the article. If you plan on making an bona-fide article, I recommend starting it in your userspace, then when completed move it to the mainspace. If you want reviews on an article, you are more than welcome to ask me directly on my talk page or you can ask on [[WP:ST|Simple Talk]]. While discussing on simple talk about enabling the new Mentor program here, one of our administrators had the following comment: {{blockquote|Also, please, please, PLEASE do not make it a goal to reach a certain number of articles. Every time we approach a big round number, we get a lot of minimal articles created just to inflate the number. A lot of those articles are of poor quality, and some even have to be deleted. -- Auntof6 (talk) 21:20, 12 April 2024 (UTC) (you can read the conversation here [[Wikipedia:Simple_talk#RfC_-_Turn_on_mentoring_system|Turn on mentoring system]]}} Your help in creating good articles would be appreciated as it is less work for other editors to have to do. As always, if you have any question, please feel free to ping me here or ask me on my page. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 01:23, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == [[User:BigKrow/1999 Sydney hailstorm]] == I moved the page 1999 Sydney hailstorm to your user space until you complete it. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 03:01, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == Notice == [[File:Information icon4.svg|32px]] Hello. This message is being sent to tell you that there is currently a discussion at [[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard]] regarding an issue with which you may have been involved. The thread is "[[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard#Issues with User:BigKrow|Issues with User:BigKrow]]". Thank you.<!--Template:AN-notice--> Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 04:29, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == Comments on another user talk == I saw the ping and conversation you left on another editors talk page about I need to stop interfering. They are correct in that you should post on my talk page and not theirs. So what seems to be the issue? Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 18:56, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == Very short articles == Hi, I've noticed that you've published some articles which are very short and don't contain a lot of content. I would suggest you to move them to your personal user pages, and once you have added substantial content, you can then put them into the mainspace. Remember, we want ''quality over quantity'' on Wikipedia. We don't want to create as much articles as possible because what really matters is the quality of articles. See featured articles as an example – they have a lot of info put into them and adhere to many article 'rules' on Wikipedia. Also, I suggest you to read the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]] so you know the formatting to articles, like references, citations, and etc. Happy changing! [[User:TheWikiCyclone|TheWikiCyclone]] ([[User talk:TheWikiCyclone|talk]]) 20:45, 13 April 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:TheWikiCyclone|TheWikiCyclone]] I'll try to start new articles with a good amount of information, apologies. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:46, 13 April 2024 (UTC) ::Thank you! 👍 [[User:TheWikiCyclone|TheWikiCyclone]] ([[User talk:TheWikiCyclone|talk]]) 21:00, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == Previous accounts == Hello. Have you used other accounts to edit the Simple English Wikipedia? Regards, [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 01:45, 14 April 2024 (UTC) :Yes, I m not going to deny that if thats the case block me for how ever long @[[User:Vermont|Vermont]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 01:47, 14 April 2024 (UTC) ::@[[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] Can you enlist all your previous usernames to make it more clear? [[User:DIVINE|<b style="color:#29F">DI</b><b style="color:red">V</b>]][[User talk:DIVINE|<b style="color:#080">I</b><b style="color:#808">N</b>]][[Special:Contribs/DIVINE|<b style="color:#FA0">E</b>]] 01:59, 14 April 2024 (UTC) :::I honestly don't remember@[[User:DIVINE|DIVINE]] because I suffer from mental illness sorry I would like to help [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:09, 15 April 2024 (UTC) ::::So how many other accounts have you used before. This a violation of the policies [[User:Darrenchant|Darrenchant]] ([[User talk:Darrenchant|talk]]) 12:35, 21 December 2024 (UTC) == [[Gate io Referans Kodu: 3930511]] == When an article is not in English here, please QD it as A5 "Not written in English." Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 20:33, 16 April 2024 (UTC) :K thnx [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:39, 16 April 2024 (UTC) [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, {{BASEPAGENAME}}! Here at Simple English Wikipedia, we use the section heading "Other websites" instead of English Wikipedia's "External links", which you used in "[[:Erich Kulke]]". This makes it simpler and easier to read. Please remember to use "Other websites" in pages that you create in the future. Thank you for your help!<!-- Template:Uw-otherweb --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 11:31, 18 April 2024 (UTC) :Thank you for telling me!!! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 15:38, 18 April 2024 (UTC) == Edit summaries == Hey when making an edit, even if minor, make sure to use the edit summary. Example is correcting spelling or grammar just use ce as the summary as that is a common term we understand. It means copy edit. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 02:41, 19 April 2024 (UTC) :Gotcha, thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:42, 19 April 2024 (UTC) == New article issues (again) == Hey when you bring over articles you need to include the references. You can also copy over the infoboxes from ENWP without issue. Always preview any article for any errors or in infoboxes look for any reflinks and fix the errors. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 23:44, 19 April 2024 (UTC) == QD A1 == Hello, QD A1 and other reasons in [[WP:AQD]] only apply to articles. For talk pages, please use reasons in [[WP:GQD]]. Thank you for your attention. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:53, 15 May 2024 (UTC) == Your warnings == If you are warning a user for making bad changes, use <nowiki>{{uw-vandalism1}}, {{uw-vandalism2}}, {{uw-vandalism3}}, and {{uw-vandalism4}}</nowiki>. Using <nowiki>{{warn}}</nowiki> instead tells them that they should warn other users when they undo their edits. I assume that's not what you meant to say. [[User:VirusDontKill|VirusDontKill]] ([[User talk:VirusDontKill|talk]]) 20:04, 14 August 2024 (UTC) :Thanks [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:16, 14 August 2024 (UTC) == My edit wasn't vandalism == I redirected a title which was missing a space to the correct title. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:E41D:46CD:505E:6D8E|2601:644:907E:A70:E41D:46CD:505E:6D8E]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:E41D:46CD:505E:6D8E|talk]]) 21:21, 14 December 2024 (UTC) :Ok. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:37, 14 December 2024 (UTC) == Hari Singh Bhangi == Can you tell me why you nominated Hari Singh Bhangi page you aren't even responding in discussion [[User:Jisshu|Jisshu]] ([[User talk:Jisshu|talk]]) 18:48, 20 December 2024 (UTC) :No Wikipedia page, {{ping|Jisshu}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:49, 20 December 2024 (UTC) ::he had Wikipedia page name hari Singh Dhillon [[User:Jisshu|Jisshu]] ([[User talk:Jisshu|talk]]) 18:50, 20 December 2024 (UTC) ::he was leader of Bhangi Misl so that's why he also refer as Hari Singh Bhangi[[User:Jisshu|Jisshu]] ([[User talk:Jisshu|talk]]) 18:51, 20 December 2024 (UTC) :::I moved it {{ping|Jisshu}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:55, 20 December 2024 (UTC) ::::thank you [[User:Jisshu|Jisshu]] ([[User talk:Jisshu|talk]]) 18:55, 20 December 2024 (UTC) == Repeated Vandalism == Hey Bigkrow, hope you’re doing good. There is a user https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Medicomonk&redlink=1 who is again and again vandalising pages as he did to the page ‘Anangpal Tomar’ and ‘Tomar’. I already warned the user to add information based on citations and not to cause vandalism inspite of that the user is constantly trying to do povpush. I reverted the changes made by this user but please intervine. Thank you [[User:HistorianAlferedo|HistorianAlferedo]] ([[User talk:HistorianAlferedo|talk]]) 20:08, 20 December 2024 (UTC) :{{ping|HistorianAlferedo}} At this point seek help from admins, thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:12, 20 December 2024 (UTC) == December 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Thank you for changing Wikipedia. We welcome all changes, but we can have only changes that are in [[Wikipedia:About|simple English]], and your new changes to "[[:Wamiqa Gabbi]]" were not simple. Please see [[Wikipedia:How to write Simple English pages]] so you can write more simply in the future. Thank you. <!-- Template:Uw-simple --> [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 13:05, 21 December 2024 (UTC) :{{ping|BZPN}} I'm pretty sure it was simplified. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:15, 21 December 2024 (UTC) ::It was not. I'm pretty sure that it was something like "She is pseudonym", which is actually nonsense. [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 19:19, 21 December 2024 (UTC) :::{{ping|BZPN}}, it was a typing error wow you fault me? [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:21, 21 December 2024 (UTC) ::::Maybe it was, but a reader could not understand it anyway. It was also unsourced. [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 19:36, 21 December 2024 (UTC) == Old St. Louis Mills QD == Hey, I have a question about the QD on [[Old St Louis Mills]] whilst the page is an obvious hoax, would that count as nonsense or a obvious hoax, or does that cover both? [[User:Jayden Johnson 2314|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:purple"> 𝙹.𝙹.</span>]][[User talk:Jayden Johnson 2314|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:black">𝕋𝕒𝕝𝕜 📬📧</span>]] 17:59, 22 December 2024 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Drake Maye== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Drake Maye]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Drake Maye}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 22:20, 22 December 2024 (UTC) == Maithili cinema == Why do you want, [[Maithili cinema]] should be remove? And why are you removing full stop? [[User:Smjdschool|Smjdschool]] ([[User talk:Smjdschool|talk]]) 11:32, 23 December 2024 (UTC) == The Crow Eaters == Please extend [[The Crow Eaters]] with references and more content. Otherwise, it may be deleted for not claiming notability. [[Special:Contributions/174.160.82.127|174.160.82.127]] ([[User talk:174.160.82.127|talk]]) 22:10, 29 December 2024 (UTC) == December 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, {{ROOTPAGENAME}}! Here at Simple English Wikipedia, we use the section heading "Other websites" instead of English Wikipedia's "External links". This makes it simpler and easier to read. Please remember to use "Other websites" in pages that you create in the future. Thank you for your help!<!-- Template:Uw-otherweb --> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 03:10, 31 December 2024 (UTC) :Thank you! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:04, 2 January 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Rozvi Empire== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Rozvi Empire]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Rozvi Empire]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Garudam|Garudam]] ([[User talk:Garudam|talk]]) 09:36, 3 January 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of The Crow Eaters== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:The Crow Eaters]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Crow Eaters]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Garudam|Garudam]] ([[User talk:Garudam|talk]]) 10:13, 3 January 2025 (UTC) == Deletion requests 2 == Hi, when you make an RfD, please list it at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion]]. I am hoping you can list [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fuller Road]] to show that you know how to do it. Thanks. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:E5B9:8B7B:A42C:77C|2601:644:907E:A70:E5B9:8B7B:A42C:77C]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:E5B9:8B7B:A42C:77C|talk]]) 21:25, 4 January 2025 (UTC) :If you don't add it then I can add it. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:4D8F:73EF:8E4A:F490|2601:644:907E:A70:4D8F:73EF:8E4A:F490]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:4D8F:73EF:8E4A:F490|talk]]) 02:05, 5 January 2025 (UTC) == January 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to Wikipedia. Your change to the page [[:Karkota dynasty]] worked, but because it had things in it which did not help improve the page, it was [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you would like to do more tests on Wikipedia, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. You may also want to read the [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome page]] to learn about helping the Simple English Wikipedia. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-test1 --> ''Kindly add the reason while the addition of maintenance tags, Thanks'' [[User:Shakib ul hassan|<span style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; color:black;">Shakib ul hassan</span>]] [[User talk:Shakib ul hassan|<span style="font-weight:bold; color:grey; font-size:90%; position:relative; top:-2px;"> talk!</span>]] 19:25, 6 January 2025 (UTC) == Mourning Doves == I saw the edit war on the [[Mourning Dove]] article, they aren't native or introduced in pakistan, and it's not mentioned anywhere, do you have a source that would say otherwise? [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:16, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :Yes. Http://www.earthlife.net [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:17, 10 January 2025 (UTC) ::Could you link the specific source instead of just the website itself? Also, I saw that you said you researched it using Copilot? Using copilot as a source is not reliable at all. [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:20, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :::https://earthlife.net/mourning-doves/ {{ping|RiggedMint}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:22, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :::I think copilot is, but if SEW doesn't accept it I won't use it, thanks {{ping|RiggedMint}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:24, 10 January 2025 (UTC) ::::You seem to be referencing another encyclopedic-like source, there still isn't a good source of these guys being in pakistan, as quoted in the supposed source: "''These doves have been introduced to Hawaii and Pakistan.''" This is not a good reliable source onto if mourning doves were actually introduced in pakistan. I think it needs more context onto if they are actually there, no? And if so, it only needs a simple mention on the article. It does not need a category, as it's not native to pakistan. [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:30, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :::::TL;DR, try to find a more reliable and more contextful source, then i'll think it'll be good. Just don't put it as a category without any context. [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:32, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :::::Okay apologies, sorry i didn't mean to cause problems. {{ping|RiggedMint}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:32, 10 January 2025 (UTC) ::::::Yeah, you're fine. [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:34, 10 January 2025 (UTC) == Edits == Hi BigKrow, So sorry for rollbacking you, We change conflicted and I lost everything so I rollbacked you hoping if I clicked back a few times after the system would then think your edits were never made if that makes sense, I'll be honest I paniced and didn't want to lose everything I just did but nonetheless so sorry for rollbacking you - thank you for adding the full stops to the article it's much appreciated :), I've reinstated your edits and have finished editing there so you're more than welcome to edit it again :), Thanks, Warm Regards, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 18:04, 11 January 2025 (UTC) :{{ping|Davey2010}}, no worries my friend. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:05, 11 January 2025 (UTC) == Talk == Hello. Please leave me messages directly on my talk page, not on my subpages. Thank you. Best regards, [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 22:45, 12 January 2025 (UTC) :Apologies next I will, thanks. {{ping|BZPN}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:46, 12 January 2025 (UTC) ::time I will sorry. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:47, 12 January 2025 (UTC) == RfD == Hello. Please, pay more attention to your RfD reports. The report should be properly justified and provide possible arguments for removal, but your latest RfDs sound more like nonsense ([[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yazidi Rebellion]], [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Raid on Ottoman trading routes]]). It is very important to help other editors understand the issues in the reported article. Thank you. Best regards, [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 11:18, 14 January 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Talk:Privilege== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Talk:Privilege]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Talk:Privilege}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#g1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:14, 14 January 2025 (UTC) == Thank log == Hi there, do you have any idea why did you thank this [[Special:Diff/10013764|edit]] when my status become offline? [[User:Thetree284|thetree284]] ([[User talk:Thetree284|talk]]) 02:35, 15 January 2025 (UTC) == El Jordan 23 == Hi, could you explain in a little more detail on your QD of this article? https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Jordan_23 [[User:Adelaideslement8723|<span style="color:purple">𝓐𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓭𝓮</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴]] ♡ [[Special:Contribs/Adelaideslement8723|𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓼]])</sup> 22:14, 15 January 2025 (UTC) == [[User talk:Melitensis77]] == Hi, why create a talkpage with just your sign?--[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:14, 16 January 2025 (UTC) == Kurdish genocide rfd == Hi, if you want to make more comments, you can add them at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kurdish Genocide (1915-1918)]]. Thanks. [[User:Tuscan Ant|Tuscan Ant]] ([[User talk:Tuscan Ant|talk]]) 20:39, 16 January 2025 (UTC) == Ayaz Syed == They've been reported to AN - don't bother reverting until an admin steps in on this. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 20:55, 16 January 2025 (UTC) :Ok. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:56, 16 January 2025 (UTC) :{{ping|Ravensfire}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:56, 16 January 2025 (UTC) == Im sorry == Please don't ban me I made a huge mistake! [[User:Coconut0330|Coconut0330]] ([[User talk:Coconut0330|talk]]) 21:20, 16 January 2025 (UTC) == Shirley, New York == Hi, the link you added on [[Shirley, New York]] isn't working for me. Does it work for you? [[User:Tuscan Ant|Tuscan Ant]] ([[User talk:Tuscan Ant|talk]]) 00:36, 17 January 2025 (UTC) :New link added. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:39, 17 January 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you. [[User:Tuscan Ant|Tuscan Ant]] ([[User talk:Tuscan Ant|talk]]) 00:40, 17 January 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Lenningen-Schopfloch== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Lenningen-Schopfloch]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Lenningen-Schopfloch}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#db|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:59, 17 January 2025 (UTC) == The fighting with Mr.Hanes == I over reacted it won't happen again due to my built up anger I lashed out... I should act like an adult and show people respect. {{ping|Davey2010}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:01, 18 January 2025 (UTC) :Imho you have nothing to apologise for and I don't believe you overreacted either. I understand why you blew your top any normal person would tbh. Anyway happy editing, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:16, 18 January 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you very much. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:39, 18 January 2025 (UTC) == Flood flag == Hi, Just an fyi regarding your flood flag message on Dream Indigo's talkpage; I can't speak for them but from my personal experience requesting the flood flag everytime I wanted to make repetitive edits was a long, tiresome and mentally draining battle that I always ended up losing. *I've had flood flag requests ignored for an entire day *I've had requests declined for silly reasons *And I recently asked an admin for the flag and was replied to 10 hours later (which I understand) So as you can see from my point of view, requesting flood flag is a waste of time and If I were to ask for this everytime I wanted to make those edits I would probably end up being years behind on things because I would have spent years either waiting for a reply or battling for it to be accepted!, I guess it might be a better idea to ignore when people flood recent changes as there may well be a valid reason as to why they're doing so, If it's a vandal sure but if it's long-established users then I probably wouldn't care, Anyway happy editing, Warm Regards, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 23:37, 18 January 2025 (UTC) == Explaining my focus on car articles == hello i think you saw my contribuitions but i am more focused on car articles i already did this when i was a good ip editor and i am focusing on making more car articles about honda maybe Acura and other brands (also i made the [[honda Fit]] article that is a good article btw and in the future i will probably contribuite on the portuguese Wikipedia) so i hope you understand that anyways good luck with your contribuitions best regards!. [[User:Automobile enthusiast|Automobile enthusiast]] ([[User talk:Automobile enthusiast|talk]]) 00:28, 19 January 2025 (UTC) == Declined QD - Naysila Mirdad == Hi there! I have declined your QD for Naysila Mirdad. In my opinion, it does not meet the requirement of "little or no meaning" and honestly, I am confused as to why you would have nominated it under that criteria. Am I missing something? [[User:Griffinofwales|Griff]] ([[User talk:Griffinofwales|talk]]) 23:44, 19 January 2025 (UTC) :I goofed [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:09, 20 January 2025 (UTC) ::Sorry [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:20, 20 January 2025 (UTC) == Bamberg == Hi, I removed that on [[Bamberg]] because it was a link to a disambiguation page that doesn't exist. [[Special:Contributions/192.83.149.205|192.83.149.205]] ([[User talk:192.83.149.205|talk]]) 23:59, 26 January 2025 (UTC) :Hi, can you please explain why you're reverting edits? [[Special:Contributions/192.83.149.205|192.83.149.205]] ([[User talk:192.83.149.205|talk]]) 00:26, 27 January 2025 (UTC) == How do you give someone thanks? == How do you give someone the thanks notification [[User:TS Rubber alt main|&#45;TS Rubber Alt Main]] ([[User talk:TS Rubber alt main|talk]]) 17:39, 27 January 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Old Nazi== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Old Nazi]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Old Nazi]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 21:30, 27 January 2025 (UTC) == Meir Zvi Bergman == Why did you remove living people from [[Meir Zvi Bergman]]? Is there a reason to think he's not living? [[Special:Contributions/207.62.246.71|207.62.246.71]] ([[User talk:207.62.246.71|talk]]) 00:29, 28 January 2025 (UTC) == Article == Hello, If you see someone moving a page can you at least wait 5-10 minutes before tagging it/editing it?, I appreciate your enthusiasm but this is the second time I've edit conflicted with you and it's the second time I've lost the work I've put in. Thank you. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:17, 28 January 2025 (UTC) :I'll try. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:18, 28 January 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Davey2010|Davey2010]] It doesn't make sense, you moved [[EP]] to [[Extended play (disambiguation)]]. Seems like a mistake. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|talk]]) 17:20, 28 January 2025 (UTC) ::.... @[[User:2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874]] Yes and then I changed the redirect from that disambiguation page to [[Extended play]] so that it makes Enwiki .... [[:en:EP]]..... –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:26, 28 January 2025 (UTC) :::Hi BK, No worries if you continue editing whilst I'm still busy then I'll just continuing rollbacking you, easy as that. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:27, 28 January 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:Davey2010|Davey2010]] No the page on enwiki is [[EP (disambiguation)]], not [[Extended play (disambiguation)]]. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|talk]]) 17:28, 28 January 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874]] Oops thank you for spotting this, Hopefully I've fixed this now, Many thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:33, 28 January 2025 (UTC) == General notes == Hi BigKrow! I saw the change you made while patrolling RC, so you said to the IP to stop vandalizing, to let you know next time, it is better to leave a general note instead of typing it out ;) I hope you have a good rest of your day and happy editing! [[User:Adelaideslement8723|<span style="color:purple">𝓐𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓭𝓮</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴]] ♡ [[Special:Contribs/Adelaideslement8723|𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓼]])</sup> 17:32, 28 January 2025 (UTC) == Quick deletion requests == Hello, BigKrow. I am concerned about quick deletion requests you have made; some today, and some in the recent past. Here are a couple of specific ones: *[https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charlotte_Amalie,_United_States_Virgin_Islands&diff=prev&oldid=10054213 This request] for [[Charlotte Amalie, United States Virgin Islands]], where you thought there was little or no meaning. : There isn't much information here, but there is definite meaning and enough for a stub. *[https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Charles_VIII_of_France&diff=prev&oldid=10054153 This request] for [[Death of Charles VIII of France]], where you included the comment "possible hoax?" :If you think something might be a hoax, please consider taking a little time to check. If you had looked at the English Wikipedia article, you would have seen that the information in this article really is the way the king died. I'm considering restricting your ability to make quick deletion requests -- and RFD requests as well, because some of those have had issues they shouldn't have had. When you want to make either kind of request, please take a step back and give it some thought first. Thanks. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 19:34, 3 February 2025 (UTC) :Please do take away my rights I don't mind, just letting you know I just try my best to help the project thank you. {{ping|Auntof6}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:37, 3 February 2025 (UTC) ::I agree with Auntof6 that you are not understanding the usage of QDs and RfDs. I am also considering restricting your ability to make deletion requests. I would recommend that you do not make any requests for a period of three months and that you carefully read the policies and guidelines pertaining to deletions. I know I have turned down your requests. You seem to think things that you don't agree with are nonsense whereas G1 is for gibberish and not things you think don't seem right to you. Please stop this behaviour. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:50, 11 February 2025 (UTC) :::Chill out I'm just trying my best. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 13:00, 11 February 2025 (UTC) == Change conflict of Zeds Dead == Hey I just wanted to let you know that I have made a change conflict causing both of us to be confused, I know that you were probably more confused than I am. Sorry about that, and thanks for reverting my edit back because that was a mistake. I got to be careful when someone else is editing and we post both our revisions at the same time, because it always results in a change conflict. Happy editing :) [[User:Adelaideslement8723|<span style="color:purple">𝓐𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓭𝓮</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴]] ♡ [[Special:Contribs/Adelaideslement8723|𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓼]])</sup> 23:33, 10 February 2025 (UTC) == Tommy Robinson Vandalisms == Hi can you please report the vandal that keeps on makes biased edits, he's reverting the anti-vandal bots and I have to revert him twice. Thank you [[User:CS012831|CS012831]] ([[User talk:CS012831|talk]]) 22:21, 12 February 2025 (UTC) :{{tps}} - @[[User:CS012831|CS012831]], I'm keeping an eye on them but as it's not been a constant stream of vandalism there's generally no need to protect the article (If anyone reports them it'd be declined anyway as again not enough vandalism to warrant protection), Thanks, Warm Regards, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 23:15, 12 February 2025 (UTC) == May you explain your revert? == May you explain why you reverted my change to [[English Wikipedia]]? [[User:Wynn Liaw|Wynn Liaw]] ([[User talk:Wynn Liaw|talk]]) 21:07, 13 February 2025 (UTC) == Your edits on User talk: Justin Bieber is a nazi == Hi, I have already reported the user on [[WP:VIP]] ;) Thanks! [[User:Adelaideslement8723|<span style="color:purple">𝓐𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓭𝓮</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴]] ♡ [[Special:Contribs/Adelaideslement8723|𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓼]])</sup> 03:12, 15 February 2025 (UTC) :Thank you [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 03:13, 15 February 2025 (UTC) == Loss of privileges at QD == Based on your complete misunderstanding of QD criteria as example in [[Barnala Tehsil]] I am restricting your ability to tag articles for QD foe 6 months. The article is no different to many other place names that exist here. If you nominate any article except in your user space you will be blocked from editing for 6 months. I am leaving your ability to run RfDs because those are less problematic. {{ping|auntof6}} FYI '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:04, 18 February 2025 (UTC) :thank you [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:47, 18 February 2025 (UTC) Good morning BigKrow! The above-mentioned restriction in no longer in effect, however, you should observe the guidance provided by Fr33kman and review carefully the deletion policy before nominating any article for deletion or quick deletion. As a group of administrators, we are here to help and mentor you, but our time is limited. Unnecessary and inappropriate requests take up the community's time from working on improving Wikipedia. I recommend that if you have any questions about an article and whether it should be nominated, ask an administrator or other experienced member of the community before placing the tag. As a further note, when nominating an article for deletion or quick deletion, you should be clear about 1. which policy is not being followed by the article and 2. provide specific reasons as to why the article does not meet that policy. For example, ''notability?'' is not an acceptable RFD reason. ''Article does not meet GNG because it lacks reliable secondary sources'' is an acceptable reason. Similarly, for a QD, A4 for an article that clearly states a reason for being notable is not appropriate. If the article does not meet another policy, it should be nominated for RFD. I appreciate all your time and look forward to you continuing to contribute on the project. Best, [[User:Griffinofwales|Griff]] ([[User talk:Griffinofwales|talk]]) 01:45, 27 February 2025 (UTC) :Appreciate it, thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 01:57, 27 February 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Boris the Rocket== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Boris the Rocket]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Boris the Rocket]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:16, 20 February 2025 (UTC) == Edit summaries 2 == Hi Big Krow, When you're reverting to a revision you need to say ''why'' you're reverting back to that revision. Your reversions [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Higginson,_Arkansas&diff=prev&oldid=10089405 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Golf&diff=prev&oldid=10089403 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cookie_Jar_Group&diff=prev&oldid=10086201 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_%26_Friends&diff=prev&oldid=10086199 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Politico&diff=prev&oldid=10076275 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=English_Wikipedia&diff=prev&oldid=10076189 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Pennsylvania&diff=prev&oldid=10076188 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Stewart&diff=prev&oldid=10065624 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=JackTheBus&diff=prev&oldid=10056743 here] and [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venus&diff=prev&oldid=10054717 here] should all state why you're reverting. As I'm sure you can appreciate we're not all mind readers and some of the users above may be editing in good faith and would be none the wiser as to why they're being reverted. Some of your non-edit-summary reverts have been to revert obvious vandalism (reverting to a bot version etc) or reverting unrelated image change vandalism so I'm turning a blind eye to those but still ... you need to provide edit summaries (the only time you don't need to use one is if it's obvious vandalism and you're using the [[WP:ROLLBACK]] tool), I'm also CCing @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] so that they're aware of this although I would hope going forward this isn't an issue any more, Thanks for your understanding, Have a great day, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 23:32, 20 February 2025 (UTC) :{{comment}} Diffused this section from another section with the same name. ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 23:35, 20 February 2025 (UTC) ==Barnstar== {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Barnstar of Reversion Hires.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Anti-Vandalism Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Thank you for reverting vandalism in Belgium and some pages! I was about to revert the edits but nice job! And for doing that, you get a barnstar! [[User:Thetree284|thetree284]] ([[User talk:Thetree284|talk]]) 00:29, 21 February 2025 (UTC) |} :Appreciated! I really try my best. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:30, 21 February 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Boris the Rocket== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Boris the Rocket]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Boris the Rocket]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Zjui3r|Zjui3r]] ([[User talk:Zjui3r|talk]]) 05:24, 21 February 2025 (UTC) == February 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px|left]] Please do not remove [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]] tags from articles, as you did to "[[:Stubborn Fat]]", without a good reason. If you think the article should not be deleted, please add {{tl|wait}} to the article and explain your reason on the article's [[Wikipedia:Talk page|talk page]]. Thank you. <!-- Template:Uw-qd --> [[Special:Contributions/192.83.149.205|192.83.149.205]] ([[User talk:192.83.149.205|talk]]) 23:15, 24 February 2025 (UTC) ==Talkback== {{tb|WP:AN|BigKrow (end of February)|ts=08:27, 28 February 2025 (UTC)}} Please participate in the discussion. [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 08:27, 28 February 2025 (UTC) == Kiara Tito == [[Kiara Tito]] has two RfD's on the same page. The second one should be removed. [[Special:Contributions/169.229.202.223|169.229.202.223]] ([[User talk:169.229.202.223|talk]]) 23:39, 17 March 2025 (UTC) :Ok thank you [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 23:50, 17 March 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Mark Gero== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Mark Gero]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Mark Gero}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Kuskrey|Ksy]] 09:22, 2 April 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Mike Gminski== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Mike Gminski]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Mike Gminski}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 01:20, 5 April 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Asterisk Talley== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Asterisk Talley]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Asterisk Talley}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Jlwoodwa|jlwoodwa]] ([[User talk:Jlwoodwa|talk]]) 18:48, 5 April 2025 (UTC) == Article == Why you create short [[August Harbaum|article]], i recommended you to stay your article in your user space and move once you completed, please follow [[WP:MOS]]. Thanks!<span id="Raayaan9911:1744313719778:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:35, 10 April 2025 (UTC)</span> :I'm trying to make bigger [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:37, 10 April 2025 (UTC) ::I checked your article count, you have 164 total articles count, next time, just finish your article slowly in your user space, once you completed, move to mainspace. Also, please don't beat other editors' article count. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:43, 10 April 2025 (UTC) == A Cactus for you! == [[File:Cactus.jpg|left|150px]] --[[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 11:54, 11 April 2025 (UTC) :Thank you friend. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 15:04, 11 April 2025 (UTC) == Request == https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/VastavAI can you move this to [[Vastav AI]] [[User:Nexion7|Nexion7]] ([[User talk:Nexion7|talk]]) 20:43, 13 April 2025 (UTC) == [[2001 Daytona 500]] and [[The Magician (French TV series)]] == Hi, can you please add more content to these; as they are, there isn't much information and might qualify for [[WP:QD]]. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:15, 14 April 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:BRPever|BRPever]] and BigKrow, I hope it was okay but I've rewritten and expanded the The Magician (French TV series) article, I find TV shows easy to create/expand so am more than help with these, If it wasn't okay then let me know and I won't interfere again, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 15:41, 14 April 2025 (UTC) :I improved this article called [[2001 Daytona 500]], did you like it? [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 15:44, 14 April 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for improving it guys. Looks much better. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:57, 14 April 2025 (UTC) :::You're welcome! [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 15:58, 14 April 2025 (UTC) ::::No worries :), Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 16:01, 14 April 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Emmi Drexel== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Emmi Drexel]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Emmi Drexel}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 11:52, 24 April 2025 (UTC) :Some of your non-notable articles as example of [[Amanda Crowe]] are deleted, i recommended you to follow [[WP:PEOPLE]]. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 11:58, 24 April 2025 (UTC) == Quality articles == Can you please expand your recent articles like [[Village of the Giants]]? Most of them are low quality and doesn't have any references, i recommended complete your article in your user space and follow [[WP:MOS]] i already left you notice message.<span id="Raayaan9911:1745741169178:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 08:06, 27 April 2025 (UTC)</span> ==Quick deletion of Diem T. T. Tran== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Diem T. T. Tran]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Diem T. T. Tran}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 11:00, 27 April 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of BUMRUSH45== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:BUMRUSH45]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:BUMRUSH45}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:03, 29 April 2025 (UTC) == Low quality articles == Please stop creating low quality articles, most of them are doesn't have any references, very short and doesn't have any cats. You're just beating others' articles count.<span id="Raayaan9911:1745943081219:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:11, 29 April 2025 (UTC)</span> :I like to create pages on all sorts of topics. @[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:13, 29 April 2025 (UTC) ::You liked to create articles, but, most of your articles are low quality or non-notable, please complete your articles in your user space. If you continue creating low quality articles, you may be blocked. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:24, 29 April 2025 (UTC) :::Ok thanks. @[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:28, 29 April 2025 (UTC) == April 2025 == [[File:Information.svg|25px|]] Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make changes to the encyclopedia. However, please do not add promotional material to articles or other Wikipedia pages, as you did to [[:BUMRUSH45]]. [[Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not#Wikipedia is not a soapbox|Advertising]] and using Wikipedia to promote a product or [[WP:NPOV|point of view]] is discouraged. Take a look at the [[Wikipedia:Introduction|welcome page]] to learn more about Wikipedia. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-advert1 --> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:29, 29 April 2025 (UTC) :Thank you friend. @[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:38, 29 April 2025 (UTC) == May 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] [[Wikipedia:Welcome|Welcome to Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to change things here, but talk pages are meant to be a record of a discussion. Deleting or changing [[Wikipedia:Assume good faith|good]] comments, as you did at [[:Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard]], [[Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines#Things not to do|should not be done]], even if you meant it well. Even fixing spelling and grammar in others' comments is usually advised against, because it can irritate the users whose wrote them. Take a look at the [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome page]] to learn more about how you can help build this encyclopedia. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-tpv1 --> [[User:TagUser|TagUser]] ([[User talk:TagUser|talk]]) 17:41, 1 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Information.svg|25px|]] Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! I do not want to seem unfriendly or make you feel unwelcome, but I noticed your user page, and I am concerned that it might not meet Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:User page|user page guideline]]. After you have read that guideline, could we discuss my concerns here? I'd like to hear your views, such as why you want the current page, and whether you might agree to change it to something else. There are several ways we can deal with this matter: *If you can explain why your user page meets Wikipedia's user page guideline, I can stop worrying about it. *If you decide to delete the page yourself, please add "<code><nowiki>{{UserQD}}</nowiki></code>" to the top of your user page. An [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] will then delete it. *If we can not agree on what needs to be done, I can list your user page at "[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion]]" so that we can discuss with other editors whether the page should be kept or deleted. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-userpage --> ''Please don't write your user page looks like a encyclopedia article, user page is not encyclopedia article.'' [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:58, 1 May 2025 (UTC) :It's allowed to use your user page for testing articles, but you shouldn't put it in categories or use stub tags. Thanks. [[User:TagUser|TagUser]] ([[User talk:TagUser|talk]]) 20:08, 1 May 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:TagUser|TagUser]], I think I fixed it. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 01:20, 2 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]], i think I fixed it. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 01:21, 2 May 2025 (UTC) ::I looked at it, your user page with your signature but it's allowed. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 04:59, 2 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Audrey Jean Backeberg== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Audrey Jean Backeberg]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Audrey Jean Backeberg}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 18:06, 5 May 2025 (UTC) == Toby Fox Reverted edit == Hello, today you made an edit on Simple English Wikipedia's page on [[Toby Fox]] where you claimed to revert a user's edit, but you actually reverted my edit, and I am not the user you mentioned. I am not sure whose edit you meant to revert, so I have not made any changes. I wanted to make you aware. Also, if you did mean to revert my edit, I would like to talk about it, since I don't see any problems with the edit I made. Thanks so much! [[Special:Contributions/24.119.235.231|24.119.235.231]] ([[User talk:24.119.235.231|talk]]) 19:45, 5 May 2025 (UTC) :My mistake, I now understand that you ''did'' mean to revert my edit. I had misread your edit summary, and became confused. Now that I understand your edit summary, my first message is mostly irrevelant. :I am still confused why my edit was reverted and would like to talk about it to see if we could come to an understanding. :[[Special:Contributions/24.119.235.231|24.119.235.231]] ([[User talk:24.119.235.231|talk]]) 00:06, 7 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Cozi Zuehlsdorff== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Cozi Zuehlsdorff]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Cozi Zuehlsdorff}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 15:15, 6 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Lycia== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Lycia]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Lycia}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 15:15, 6 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|25px]] Please stop making bad pages. If you continue, you will be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing and creating pages on Wikipedia. <!-- Template:uw-create3 --> ''Many of the articles you've created have been low quality, and not contained any references or categories. You also need to make sure that articles about people, groups or organizations explain why the subject is notable.'' [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 15:18, 6 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:J991|J991]] I was being lazy sorry I will add sources and etc. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:02, 6 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:J991|J991]] you might want to delete my other bad articles. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:31, 6 May 2025 (UTC) ::I can't delete them but some of them might get nominated for QD or RfD. [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 15:12, 7 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|25px]] Your changes are causing [[Wikipedia:Disruptive changing|disruption]] to the project and this is not acceptable. Please stop. If your disruption continues, you will be '''[[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing Wikipedia.''' <!---Template:uw-disruption---> –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:11, 6 May 2025 (UTC) :Specifically [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Fixx&diff=prev&oldid=10240463 this], you've been told to use edit summaries before and yet you still haven't, :The user (correctly) added an infobox and (incorrectly) added an External Links section - could you not have simply reworded the heading instead of reverting them?, Moreover how do you expect someone to fix their mistakes if you've not told them what it is they've done wrong in the first place? –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:14, 6 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, BigKrow. When you revert a user's changes, like you did earlier, don't forget to leave the user a message on their talk page, especially when reverting vandalism or a test edit. You may find [[Template:User talk page warnings/table]] useful when doing this, to let them know that the change was considered inappropriate, and to direct them to the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-warn --> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 17:08, 7 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Wadi Damm== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Wadi Damm]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Wadi Damm}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 02:28, 12 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]] A4 only applies to a person, group of people, band, club, company, product, service or web content. [[User:TagUser|TagUser]] ([[User talk:TagUser|talk]]) 02:37, 12 May 2025 (UTC) ::Articles about other topics can't be quick deleted for not claiming notability. [[User:TagUser|TagUser]] ([[User talk:TagUser|talk]]) 02:37, 12 May 2025 (UTC) :::I'm not sure there are rules against tagging articles with QD about other topics for not claiming notability, but i improved article, i have wait for admin's decision. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 08:42, 12 May 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] i told you to use your user space for creating articles before, i have tagged you to QD. This is your last warning you'll get, if you continue creating low quality or non-notable articles, you may reported you to [[WP:ANI]]. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 08:49, 12 May 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]], im sorry. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:49, 13 May 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]], some info is better than nothing... [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 23:09, 13 May 2025 (UTC) :::::Please don't ping me again, it's considered unnecessary. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 02:51, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Notability tag == Please don't tag notability tag in bottom of talk pages like [[Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)]], it's considered wrong tag, if you made mistake? It's okay, don't worry, you should place carefully. Thanks!<span id="Raayaan9911:1747205566778:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 06:52, 14 May 2025 (UTC)</span> ==Quick deletion of Mordecai Shenhavi== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Mordecai Shenhavi]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Mordecai Shenhavi}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:15, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Douglas Williams (cricketer)== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Douglas Williams (cricketer)]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Douglas Williams (cricketer)}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:28, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Notice == [[File:Information icon4.svg|32px]] Hello. This message is being sent to tell you that there is currently a discussion at [[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard]] regarding an issue with which you may have been involved. The thread is "[[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard#BigKrow continued creating low quality or non-notable articles after final warning|BigKrow continued creating low quality or non-notable articles after final warning]]". Thank you.<!--Template:AN-notice--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:33, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Budh Singh Faizalpuria== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Budh Singh Faizalpuria]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Budh Singh Faizalpuria}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 17:06, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Partial block == Due to your history of creating bad articles on simplewiki and as a reciprocal block under [[WP:ONESTRIKE]] I have implemented a 6 month block preventing you from creating new articles. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 18:37, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], I appeal this outragious decision!!!! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:27, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ::Feel free. It is no different to your situation on enwiki. You've been warned and warned but you have chosen to ignore those warning and the community has asked for admin action. This has now been done. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 19:34, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], no it isn't done i request you all give me my creating new articles rights back, i have done nothing wrong i plead my innocence.... [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:36, 14 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Stop hand nuvola.svg|30px]] This is the '''only warning''' you will get for the bad changes you made. In your comments, talk about the changes editors have made, and do not insult the editors. If you make another personal attack on an editor&#32;as you did at [[:User talk:Fr33kman]], you may be '''[[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing Wikipedia'''. <!-- Template:uw-npa4im --> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:49, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]], leave me alone [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:50, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Unblock request == {{unblock reviewed|1=sorry i sweared but Fr33kman its not fair BigKrow (talk) 19:54, 14 May 2025 (UTC)|decline=No good reason provided for unblock. Please read [[WP:UNBLOCK]]. -- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 20:17, 22 May 2025 (UTC)}} == Full block == Due to your use of abusive language and behaviour I have fully blocked you. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 19:58, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], no [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:59, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ::Firstly, I suggest you calm down and think before you post. Secondly, wait for another admin to review your block and in the meantime think about why you've been blocked and what are the reasons you should be unblocked. I don't want to see you fully blocked but your current handling of the situation is very immature. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:08, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :::Hi, @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], could I still use my userspace to try to get an article reviewed for approval? Thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:04, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ::::I don't think the partial block will affect your creating pages in your user space. I see no problem with you using your user space to write new articles for review. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 21:10, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :::::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], I appreciate your patience with me, thank you! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:11, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Back to partial block == I have reset your block to a partial block as I think you just panicked and I want you able to take part in the discussion on ANI. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:13, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :Much appreciated, I do apologize to you @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], and all of Simple English Wikipedia. I was wrong about the matter. Do with wish as you please, sincerely [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:23, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Pestering == Please stop with [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Fr33kman&diff=prev&oldid=10259747 this] otherwise you really are going to be indefinitely blocked and next time you won't be unblocked as quickly!, You are blocked from creating articles for 6 months .... so take that time to understand how articles are created and what they entail (how they should look), Creating subpages and asking the blocking admin (or anyone) to review your articles is not okay and it stops now. Again, take the time to learn from your block and take the time to read articles and the various help pages we have here. You should also be aware that [[WP:CIR|Competence is required]] to edit here and at this moment in time you're failing that so unless you stop you're either going to be indefinetely blocked for [[WP:CIR|not getting it]] or pestering people. I have removed your post from Fr33kmans talkpage and seriously suggest you stop, Thank you. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:06, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] look at my user page [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:08, 15 May 2025 (UTC) ::You don't explain why he is notable. He would need to be a well-known artist, on a major record label, the recipient of major awards etc. You need reliable resources that you can cite: major magazines, media websites, newspapers etc. As you have it now I could delete it under QD:A4. Also please create sub-pages under your user space instead of using your user page. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:16, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::Example (of title for a) sub-page: [[User:BigKrow/August Harbaum]], in regard to the topic in the next post. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|talk]]) 03:22, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::Can i blank their user page and then create user space by copying their current user page for draft? [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 03:45, 15 May 2025 (UTC) ::::No. For starters: A wikipedia-user 'has to be the one', that start his-or-her-own sub-page or user-page (or even 'regular user-page'). [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:7580:532A:8665:BB|2001:2020:303:BB75:7580:532A:8665:BB]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:7580:532A:8665:BB|talk]]) 05:17, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::::It's has a stub template and category, please see [[WP:USER]]. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 05:22, 15 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::Remove "<nowiki>{{bio-stub}}</nowiki>" and "<nowiki>[[Category:Musicians]]</nowiki>", from '''that''' user-page.--Good catch!--However, I recommend that anyone '''except''' user:Raayaan9911, make that edit. (Note: i have got absolutely nothing agains user:Raayaan9911.) [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173|2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173|talk]]) 17:45, 15 May 2025 (UTC) /[[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173|2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173|talk]]) 17:49, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::{{Done}} i removed stub and category in their user page. :::::::@[[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] please don't use stub templates or categories in your user page, i already warned you. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 18:43, 15 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Glad to see my comment has been read and understood. Why are we allowing this user to circumvent the block by creating subpages of articles. Either way I shan't bother further wasting my breath here. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 19:47, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::::I removed stub and category in their user page only, i didn't allowing this user circumvent the block by create subpages of articles, i just misunderstood it. Don't worry :) [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:52, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::::I also undid my edit in their user page. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:58, 15 May 2025 (UTC) {{outdent}} The category and stub template should be removed or commented out. We can't categorize userpages in categories meant for mainspace articles. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 20:05, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] Thank you for clarifying misunderstanding. :@[[User:Davey2010|Davey2010]] user pages doesn't categorize it, it's only categorize mainspace articles. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 20:17, 15 May 2025 (UTC) == A middle manager in a killing-machine of Nazi-Germany == [[August_Harbaum]]. Please read edit remark, about 'what you seriously should consider, doing to the article'. See edit-comment in the following diff, simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=August_Harbaum&diff=10260053&oldid=10259259 Without c. all those 'German sources' (at the end of one particular sentence/period), then your article could easily get deleted 'on a bad day'. In my opinion, the Swedish wiki-article is a strong 'Delete-candidate'. However, the German wiki-article is an 'obvious keep', at German-wiki, in my opinion - however, i seriously doubt that a case could be made, in regard that he was a "key person" or "key figure".--He was part of [[middle management]] (of a killing operation also), it seems. However, he is a noted person, in the concentration camp system; 'The proof is partially in, that the German-wiki article has not been nominated for Delete !'.--I am fine with me doing c. no more work on this article.--Note: it is possible that his 'notability in German media, is largely because he managed not to be arrested-and-sent-to-trial, even though he was sited, as late as in the 2000s. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|talk]]) 03:14, 15 May 2025 (UTC) /[[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|talk]]) 03:17, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :If my first post (in this thread) seems helpful, then fine. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|talk]]) 03:16, 15 May 2025 (UTC) == QD noms == I have undone the last two QD nominations you did. The first broke the RfD page and the second was not nonsense. Please be more careful. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:55, 16 May 2025 (UTC) :ohh... [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:56, 16 May 2025 (UTC) == Template:This date in recent years/table == Are you planning to complete the nomination for this article at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:This date in recent years/table]]? Otherwise, please remove the RFD tag and the transclusion at the RFD list. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:38, 16 May 2025 (UTC) :someone can fix it.... @[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:39, 16 May 2025 (UTC) ::It's not someone else's job to fix it. If you're nominating something for deletion, you need to follow through with all the steps. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:41, 16 May 2025 (UTC) :::i refuse to fix it @[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:42, 16 May 2025 (UTC) ::::As you refuse to complete the nomination process, I have reverted your tagging of the article as an RFD. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:50, 16 May 2025 (UTC) == Herminie, Pennsylvania == Can you give a source for the information you provided on [[Herminie, Pennsylvania]]? Some of it appears to be wrong. [[Special:Contributions/2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99|2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99]] ([[User talk:2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99|talk]]) 20:05, 27 May 2025 (UTC) :I did. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:05, 27 May 2025 (UTC) ::https://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/pennsylvania/herminie doesn't seem to be a reliable source. [[Special:Contributions/2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99|2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99]] ([[User talk:2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99|talk]]) 20:09, 27 May 2025 (UTC) == Unexplained reverts == I noticed two reverts by you in the past hour or so that seem to be removing good faith improvements to articles with no explanations. * [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polandball&diff=prev&oldid=10295891 Revert one] * [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Melanie_Brown&diff=prev&oldid=10295904 Revert two] If you're going to make these reverts, you need to explain why you're making them. But, I don't believe either revert should have happened in the first place. Please be mindful in your revert actions and your usage of Twinkle. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 01:41, 30 May 2025 (UTC) == Use full sentences == When you add information to articles, please make sure that you write them in full sentences. Several of your changes today have been simply listing facts instead of writing them into sentence form. Please make sure you utilize proper grammar. Additionally, make sure all the information you add is properly cited as well. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:11, 30 May 2025 (UTC) == More edits of concern == I am concerned about these edits you made today: [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_Don%27t_Want_To&diff=prev&oldid=10297192], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santee,_California&diff=prev&oldid=10297194], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell_Gardens,_California&diff=prev&oldid=10297200], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Airuno&diff=prev&oldid=10297140], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campagnatico&diff=prev&oldid=10297144]. They all introduced information to the articles that were without sources and were complex in their language. Where did the information come from that you put into the articles? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 13:53, 30 May 2025 (UTC) :How about [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satoshi_Nakamoto&diff=prev&oldid=10299006 this edit]? Where did you get the information from? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 00:10, 31 May 2025 (UTC) ::I think they are using AI chatbot to write article. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 23:55, 31 May 2025 (UTC) :::Oh I assumed as much as well. I’m just looking for them to say it. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 23:57, 31 May 2025 (UTC) == AI-generated content == Please stop using AI chatbot to generate articles, any AI generated contents are complex as example of [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_remember&diff=prev&oldid=10298599 diff]. Please see [[WP:GPT]].<span id="Raayaan9911:1748734854286:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 23:40, 31 May 2025 (UTC)</span> :Your [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aryan_Brotherhood_of_Texas&diff=prev&oldid=10298977 diff] also has a AI-generated content. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 23:55, 31 May 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Maison du Boulanger== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Maison du Boulanger]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maison du Boulanger]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 13:34, 1 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Darius (French artist)== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Darius (French artist)]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Darius (French artist)}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 13:12, 4 June 2025 (UTC) == QD == Please be very careful at QD, your [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Nut_(fruit)&diff=prev&oldid=10309577 diff] has been tagged QD, you can remove disruptive comment. Tagging QD on new disruptive comments are unnecessary. Thanks!<span id="Raayaan9911:1749061606688:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 18:26, 4 June 2025 (UTC)</span> :I also improved [[2018–19 NBA season]]. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 18:28, 4 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Ding Liren's Immortal Game== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Ding Liren's Immortal Game]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Ding Liren's Immortal Game}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 19:04, 5 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Wadi Damm== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Wadi Damm]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Wadi Damm}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 19:09, 5 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Professional wrestling throws== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Professional wrestling throws]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Professional wrestling throws}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:11, 9 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Go Mecha Ball== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Go Mecha Ball]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Go Mecha Ball}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:32, 15 June 2025 (UTC) == film/movie articles == Hi BigKrow, hope you are doing well. Please note that all our articles on films/movies that need disambiguation use the title "movie" rather than "film" as movie is in BE 1500 but film is not. Thanks, --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:51, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == "Vandalism" == Hi BigKrow, If you're not sure on what is and what isn't vandalism then please don't revert, Anyone with half a braincell knows [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Island_Def_Jam_Music_Group&diff=prev&oldid=10367887 this] '''isn't''' vandalism and although I can understand ''how'' you reached that conclusion (because of the articles content) you still should've had the common sense to revert back to a non-Joseph revision instead of simply reverting a well-established editor. Be careful otherwise you could be blocked, Thank you. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 16:58, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Davey2010|Davey2010]] the edit that BigKrow reverted does look like vandalism. The editor replaced five grammatically correct paragraphs with two "paragraphs", both of which are grammatically unreadable nonsense. I'm not sure how :<pre>Net worth $55 million produce song for Zendaya Chris brown j.cole Nekfeu many upcoming artist</pre> :could be a helpful addition to an article. [[Special:Contributions/96.65.201.225|96.65.201.225]] ([[User talk:96.65.201.225|talk]]) 17:01, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:96.65.201.225|96.65.201.225]], The whole article was trashed (something Ternera didn't know) and I didn't know either until I took a second look, BigKrow simply reverted an established editor and QD-tagged the article without doing any due diligence, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:03, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :::{{ping|Davey2010}} You warning them that they could be blocked for reverting something that made a sensible-sounding article into nonsense is not appropriate. You may as well warn Ternera for making an inappropriate edit. Ternera was just as responsible for reviewing their changes as BigKrow was. [[Special:Contributions/96.65.201.225|96.65.201.225]] ([[User talk:96.65.201.225|talk]]) 17:07, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ::::Like I said they didn't do their due diligence here and were appropriately warned for it. Tenera was reverting vandalism though - they just didn't know the revision prior to the IP they were reverting was also vandalism, BK however reverted an established editor and QD'd the article which in my books is 10x worse. ::::We all make mistakes I certainly do but I cannot let something like that go under the rug, I found it a problem and felt it needed to be addressed, I'm sure going forward BK will be careful, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:16, 2 July 2025 (UTC) dliwej9rjm9v9am37i88jlgoujti64b 10367969 10367962 2025-07-02T17:22:01Z 2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA /* Remember to write an edit remark ... */ new section 10367969 wikitext text/x-wiki == Welcome == Hello, '''BigKrow''', and [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome]] to the '''Simple English Wikipedia'''! Thank you for [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|your changes]]. You may want to begin by reading these pages: * [[Help:Contents|Help]] * [[Wikipedia:Rules|Rules]] * [[Wikipedia:Useful|Links to useful pages]] * [[Wikipedia:How to write Simple English pages|How to write Simple English pages]] * [[Wikipedia:How to copy from another Wikipedia|How to copy from another Wikipedia]] For some ideas of pages to work on, read [[Wikipedia:Requested pages]] or the [[Special:Wantedpages|list of wanted pages]]. You can [[Wikipedia:Be bold in updating pages|change any pages you want!]] Any changes you make can be seen right away. You can ask questions at [[Wikipedia:Simple talk]]. At the end of your messages on talk pages, please sign your name by clicking [[File:Insert-signature.svg]] or using four [[tilde]]s <nowiki>(~~~~)</nowiki>; this will show your username and the date. If you need help just <span class="plainlinks">'''[http://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Mytalk&action=edit&section=new click here]'''</span> and type '''<nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki>''' and your question and someone will reply to you shortly. Good luck and happy changing! <!-- Template:Welcome --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 03:10, 28 December 2023 (UTC) :Thanks! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 04:14, 28 December 2023 (UTC) == February 2024 == [[Image:information.svg|30px|left]]Hey there, BigKrow! Here are a few good ideas that you can use to help making articles in the future: *If the article that you made is under 1,500 characters, please add the {{tl|stub}} template into the article near the end (below the "Other websites" section, and below any categories). This will let other editors know that it is a short article that needs to be made longer. *If you have no idea what [[Wikipedia:Categories|categories]] an article that you begin should go under, please add the {{tl|uncat}} template to the article. This will let other editors know that you need help categorizing the article properly. Thanks for reading this long message, and happy changing here on Simple English Wikipedia!<!--Template:Uw-newarticle--> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 07:16, 3 February 2024 (UTC) :Thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:28, 13 February 2024 (UTC) == Quick deletion == Hi there. Please make sure to provide a reason to delete the article you are requesting speedy deletion of, with the reason being one of the criteria listed on the [[WP:DEL|deletion policy]]. You can format it as {{tlx|sd|a1}} for example. Thanks, --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]])</small> 22:21, 13 February 2024 (UTC) :Thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:28, 13 February 2024 (UTC) == Please provide reasons for deletion requests == Hello, at [[:en:n:special:diff/4763486]], an admin has requested you to provide valid reasons for your deletion requests. Please remember that the same manner is expected in all Wikimedia projects including here. Please also note that deletion requests without reasons may be rejected. For valid reasons for our project, please see [[WP:QD]]. In addition, SD tags must come to the top, not the bottom. If you add tags to the bottom, admins have to scroll to the end of the page. Thank you for helping simplewiki. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 01:47, 26 February 2024 (UTC) : Again, please provide reasons for deletion requests. If you don't know how to write them, feel free to ask questions. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:22, 21 March 2024 (UTC) == [[Wikipedia:Twinkle]] == Please consider using this, this can help your deletion requests. It is widely used in our project and enwiki. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:00, 26 February 2024 (UTC) == Deletion requests == I was processing current deletion requests and noticed that your request for Dj Tubet was not listed at [[WP:Deletion requests]]. When you create a deletion request, you must list it there or it will not be processed. I will put it there, but please be sure to do that yourself for any that you create in the future. Thanks. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 12:54, 1 March 2024 (UTC) == Drug dog == Two things: # Do you think [[Drug dog]] should be redirected to [[Police dog]]? # A user who created an article is usually allowed to blank it (especially if they just recently created it). This is taken to mean that they accept it being deleted, and it can be deleted under {{tl|Qd-author}}. [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 17:46, 6 March 2024 (UTC) :Drug sniffing dog or police dog sounds fine, what do you think? Thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:49, 6 March 2024 (UTC) ::I mean we already have an article about [[police dog]]s, and a drug-sniffing dog is one kind of police dog, but maybe the page [[drug dog]] isn't yet long enough to be a separate article. [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 17:51, 6 March 2024 (UTC) :::RFD? [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:52, 6 March 2024 (UTC) ::::I'll just redirect it. [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 17:52, 6 March 2024 (UTC) :::::k. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:53, 6 March 2024 (UTC) == Hey == Just wanted to let you know I did a test on my rollback as a script seemed to be blocking it. I reverted it back to your edit with the qd tag on it. Did not want you to be confused. Thanks - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 14:59, 2 April 2024 (UTC) :No problem! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:08, 2 April 2024 (UTC) ::So what do you think now? [[Erich von Manstein]] Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 17:04, 2 April 2024 (UTC) :::Looks great!!! Thank you!!! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:35, 2 April 2024 (UTC) == Linking == Hey BigKrow, To let you know we do not link to common terms that are universally known. I saw you relinked Village, Saskatchewan, and Canada in [[La Loche shootings]]. Saskatchewan I feel is ok, because not everyone will know will that is, but every person knows a a country and a village. Are you ok if I remove the links to those 2? Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 21:31, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :Yes [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:32, 3 April 2024 (UTC) ::Ok done. Also, I do not know if we have the full version here, but this is the en wiki version [[:w:Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking|Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking]]. ::Our exceptions: ::#We want redlinks galore (en wiki does not and hates them!) - Helps to find out what pages need to be created via [[Special:WantedPages]] (you may find something in there you want to write about too) I have found a few I do when I get time) ::#Common terms that everyone knows (like the two I mentioned) we do not do. Our goal is to keep it simple and if we link to all common terms, then we take the reader off of that article to another one to find out they already know what a village is, what a police force is, what the internet is, etc. ::There is a link and a conversation somewhere that I cannot recall at the moment as I am working on an article for someone and doing a review, but I figured this can be helpful for you. Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 21:42, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :::Thank you for being kind to me even though I was being an arse to you.... [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:45, 3 April 2024 (UTC) ::::Hey it is all good. Things happen and they go away. We all make mistakes and we learn from them. Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 21:55, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :::{{tps}} I think Simple English Wikipedia is different because we can only assume people know the words on [[WP:Basic English combined wordlist]], and [[Canada]] and [[village]] aren't on that list, so it would be okay to link them. [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 21:45, 3 April 2024 (UTC) ::::Ok you two please work matters out, ty. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:46, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :::::@[[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] :::::Village - [[Wikipedia:VOA_Special_English_Word_Book]] :::::As far as Canada, per MOS we do not link well known countries, however, we can link to the article [[Saskatchewan|Saskatchewan, Canada]] which makes more sense (actually I will make that change now). See [[Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Places]], [[Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Wikilinking]] :::::We do not strictly use the 850 or 1500 word books as other things come into play, like the link above on the VOA. Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 22:08, 3 April 2024 (UTC) ::::::I understand, thanks! [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 22:09, 3 April 2024 (UTC) :::::::@[[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] Anytime. Thanks and edit well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 22:10, 3 April 2024 (UTC) == Regarding your recent edit. == Hey @[[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]], I saw you added {{tl|complex}} template on [[Kanyakubja Brahmin]]. I edited this article with as easy english as it can be. Can you exactly point out or explain which part of this article may not be easy for everybody to understand so that i can try to make it easier? [[User:Hong Wei Qin|Hong Wei Qin]] ([[User talk:Hong Wei Qin|talk]]) 00:33, 8 April 2024 (UTC) :Fixed template syntax, please use tl in future. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 01:07, 8 April 2024 (UTC) == Please avoid user page creations like [[special:redirect/logid/2686748]] == You have no reason to make user pages for others, and the username is unacceptable. You are just increasing admin jobs, and it is not helpful. Please avoid userpage creations like this in the future. Thank you for your attention. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 01:06, 8 April 2024 (UTC) == Concerns of unacceptable edit summaries in your recent edits == For example, [[special:diff/9466778]] includes an unacceptable username in the edit summary. In order to avoid this situation. You may want to use manual reverts instead of automated reverts generating problematic edit summaries. I hope this can help you. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 01:13, 8 April 2024 (UTC) == Reporting == When reporting users please use twinkle or else it doesn’t post correctly on the VIP board. Also to prevent other formatting issues please use it to warn other users as the templates you are using do not work and have to be substituted. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 03:57, 8 April 2024 (UTC) == [[Boletus edulis]] == I am done with it now. We had a few edit conflicts. If you see I am working on or just made an edit, I might still be working on it. If you could just wait and if you do not see me make a change within about 5 minutes, then I am probably done. Sometimes, especially with species, I have to make a template to correct an error or I am transferring something over from enwp to fix it. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 02:10, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :Understood, thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:10, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::No worries :) Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 02:11, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == Our [[template:warn]] is different from English Wikinews == Please have a careful look at the template, and choose the right template for each situation. Thank you for your attention. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:50, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :Gotcha, thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:51, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Charles Robinson (actor, born 1945)== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Charles Robinson (actor, born 1945)]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Charles Robinson (actor, born 1945)}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#g2|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 03:03, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == [[We Ride]] == Hi, not sure if you know how to fix this, but the cite av media note reference is throwing errors and does not give me much information on how to fix it. If you want to take a look and can fix it, please do and then ping me so I can see what you did. Thanks. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 15:07, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :I'm sorry I messed it up and I don't know how to restore it... apologies. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 15:09, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:PotsdamLamb|PotsdamLamb]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 15:09, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::You did not mess it up. I was working on fixing the references. That is one I do not know how to fix, as I have not worked with that template before. I will have to figure it out later. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 15:11, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == List of George Polk Award winners == Please give a reason why you [[special:diff/9471605|undid]] my correction of the [[Commonly misspelled words|misspelled]] ''miniscule'' to the correct spelling ''[[wikt:minuscule|minuscule]]''. Thank you. [[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] ([[User talk:Federhalter|talk]]) 16:32, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :I was mistaken sorry. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:33, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:33, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::@[[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] Just so you know neither version is simple English so it should be simplified anyways. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 16:36, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :::@[[User:PotsdamLamb|PotsdamLamb]] sorry. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:37, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::Now I see that I was wrong, because it is a quote and I did not follow [[WP:PUNC]] [[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] ([[User talk:Federhalter|talk]]) 17:08, 10 April 2024 (UTC) :::Ok no harm done. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:10, 10 April 2024 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Federhalter|Federhalter]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:10, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == I’m confused == Why would you create [[Architecture in Stockholm]] and then tag it with ''it may not be notable enough'' to be on SEWP? There is a very in-depth article on [[:w:Architecture in Stockholm|ENWP]] with the same title. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 23:20, 10 April 2024 (UTC) == April 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, BigKrow. When you revert a user's changes, like you did earlier, don't forget to leave the user a message on their talk page, especially when reverting vandalism or a test edit. You may find [[Template:User talk page warnings/table]] useful when doing this, to let them know that the change was considered inappropriate, and to direct them to the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-warn --> ''Using twinkle will automatically do this for you with the right settings.'' Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 00:33, 12 April 2024 (UTC) == RfD vs. QD == So you know instead of filling up the RfD board, you can select an article for QD for not being notable as long as there are no claims to notability in the article or if someone disputes it claiming notability. Otherwise you can QD it and an admin will make the final decision. It may take a bit to get used to it. I’m bringing this up because of one of the articles I was going through (before I got sidetracked with vandalism reverts) got my attention. If you have any questions, please let me know. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 05:47, 12 April 2024 (UTC) == New pages == Hi there again. When you are creating new pages (like you did with [[Riki Choshu]]), they need to be complete and formatted properly. A one or two sentence article with an external link is not meant for this Wikipedia and can be subjected to QD and the more you make, the higher of a chance you get blocked for project disruption and making bad new pages. I recommend you look at [[Wikipedia:Guide to layout]] to see how these should be done. So please take a moment and review it and then work on the article. If you plan on making an bona-fide article, I recommend starting it in your userspace, then when completed move it to the mainspace. If you want reviews on an article, you are more than welcome to ask me directly on my talk page or you can ask on [[WP:ST|Simple Talk]]. While discussing on simple talk about enabling the new Mentor program here, one of our administrators had the following comment: {{blockquote|Also, please, please, PLEASE do not make it a goal to reach a certain number of articles. Every time we approach a big round number, we get a lot of minimal articles created just to inflate the number. A lot of those articles are of poor quality, and some even have to be deleted. -- Auntof6 (talk) 21:20, 12 April 2024 (UTC) (you can read the conversation here [[Wikipedia:Simple_talk#RfC_-_Turn_on_mentoring_system|Turn on mentoring system]]}} Your help in creating good articles would be appreciated as it is less work for other editors to have to do. As always, if you have any question, please feel free to ping me here or ask me on my page. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 01:23, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == [[User:BigKrow/1999 Sydney hailstorm]] == I moved the page 1999 Sydney hailstorm to your user space until you complete it. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 03:01, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == Notice == [[File:Information icon4.svg|32px]] Hello. This message is being sent to tell you that there is currently a discussion at [[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard]] regarding an issue with which you may have been involved. The thread is "[[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard#Issues with User:BigKrow|Issues with User:BigKrow]]". Thank you.<!--Template:AN-notice--> Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 04:29, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == Comments on another user talk == I saw the ping and conversation you left on another editors talk page about I need to stop interfering. They are correct in that you should post on my talk page and not theirs. So what seems to be the issue? Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 18:56, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == Very short articles == Hi, I've noticed that you've published some articles which are very short and don't contain a lot of content. I would suggest you to move them to your personal user pages, and once you have added substantial content, you can then put them into the mainspace. Remember, we want ''quality over quantity'' on Wikipedia. We don't want to create as much articles as possible because what really matters is the quality of articles. See featured articles as an example – they have a lot of info put into them and adhere to many article 'rules' on Wikipedia. Also, I suggest you to read the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]] so you know the formatting to articles, like references, citations, and etc. Happy changing! [[User:TheWikiCyclone|TheWikiCyclone]] ([[User talk:TheWikiCyclone|talk]]) 20:45, 13 April 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:TheWikiCyclone|TheWikiCyclone]] I'll try to start new articles with a good amount of information, apologies. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:46, 13 April 2024 (UTC) ::Thank you! 👍 [[User:TheWikiCyclone|TheWikiCyclone]] ([[User talk:TheWikiCyclone|talk]]) 21:00, 13 April 2024 (UTC) == Previous accounts == Hello. Have you used other accounts to edit the Simple English Wikipedia? Regards, [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|🐿️]]—[[Special:Contributions/Vermont|🏳️‍🌈]]) 01:45, 14 April 2024 (UTC) :Yes, I m not going to deny that if thats the case block me for how ever long @[[User:Vermont|Vermont]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 01:47, 14 April 2024 (UTC) ::@[[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] Can you enlist all your previous usernames to make it more clear? [[User:DIVINE|<b style="color:#29F">DI</b><b style="color:red">V</b>]][[User talk:DIVINE|<b style="color:#080">I</b><b style="color:#808">N</b>]][[Special:Contribs/DIVINE|<b style="color:#FA0">E</b>]] 01:59, 14 April 2024 (UTC) :::I honestly don't remember@[[User:DIVINE|DIVINE]] because I suffer from mental illness sorry I would like to help [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:09, 15 April 2024 (UTC) ::::So how many other accounts have you used before. This a violation of the policies [[User:Darrenchant|Darrenchant]] ([[User talk:Darrenchant|talk]]) 12:35, 21 December 2024 (UTC) == [[Gate io Referans Kodu: 3930511]] == When an article is not in English here, please QD it as A5 "Not written in English." Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 20:33, 16 April 2024 (UTC) :K thnx [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:39, 16 April 2024 (UTC) [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, {{BASEPAGENAME}}! Here at Simple English Wikipedia, we use the section heading "Other websites" instead of English Wikipedia's "External links", which you used in "[[:Erich Kulke]]". This makes it simpler and easier to read. Please remember to use "Other websites" in pages that you create in the future. Thank you for your help!<!-- Template:Uw-otherweb --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 11:31, 18 April 2024 (UTC) :Thank you for telling me!!! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 15:38, 18 April 2024 (UTC) == Edit summaries == Hey when making an edit, even if minor, make sure to use the edit summary. Example is correcting spelling or grammar just use ce as the summary as that is a common term we understand. It means copy edit. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 02:41, 19 April 2024 (UTC) :Gotcha, thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:42, 19 April 2024 (UTC) == New article issues (again) == Hey when you bring over articles you need to include the references. You can also copy over the infoboxes from ENWP without issue. Always preview any article for any errors or in infoboxes look for any reflinks and fix the errors. Thanks, and be well! - [[User:PotsdamLamb|PDL]]<sup>[[User Talk:PotsdamLamb|Talk to me!]]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/PotsdamLamb|Please don't eat da 🐑!]]</sub> 23:44, 19 April 2024 (UTC) == QD A1 == Hello, QD A1 and other reasons in [[WP:AQD]] only apply to articles. For talk pages, please use reasons in [[WP:GQD]]. Thank you for your attention. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:53, 15 May 2024 (UTC) == Your warnings == If you are warning a user for making bad changes, use <nowiki>{{uw-vandalism1}}, {{uw-vandalism2}}, {{uw-vandalism3}}, and {{uw-vandalism4}}</nowiki>. Using <nowiki>{{warn}}</nowiki> instead tells them that they should warn other users when they undo their edits. I assume that's not what you meant to say. [[User:VirusDontKill|VirusDontKill]] ([[User talk:VirusDontKill|talk]]) 20:04, 14 August 2024 (UTC) :Thanks [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:16, 14 August 2024 (UTC) == My edit wasn't vandalism == I redirected a title which was missing a space to the correct title. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:E41D:46CD:505E:6D8E|2601:644:907E:A70:E41D:46CD:505E:6D8E]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:E41D:46CD:505E:6D8E|talk]]) 21:21, 14 December 2024 (UTC) :Ok. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:37, 14 December 2024 (UTC) == Hari Singh Bhangi == Can you tell me why you nominated Hari Singh Bhangi page you aren't even responding in discussion [[User:Jisshu|Jisshu]] ([[User talk:Jisshu|talk]]) 18:48, 20 December 2024 (UTC) :No Wikipedia page, {{ping|Jisshu}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:49, 20 December 2024 (UTC) ::he had Wikipedia page name hari Singh Dhillon [[User:Jisshu|Jisshu]] ([[User talk:Jisshu|talk]]) 18:50, 20 December 2024 (UTC) ::he was leader of Bhangi Misl so that's why he also refer as Hari Singh Bhangi[[User:Jisshu|Jisshu]] ([[User talk:Jisshu|talk]]) 18:51, 20 December 2024 (UTC) :::I moved it {{ping|Jisshu}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:55, 20 December 2024 (UTC) ::::thank you [[User:Jisshu|Jisshu]] ([[User talk:Jisshu|talk]]) 18:55, 20 December 2024 (UTC) == Repeated Vandalism == Hey Bigkrow, hope you’re doing good. There is a user https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Medicomonk&redlink=1 who is again and again vandalising pages as he did to the page ‘Anangpal Tomar’ and ‘Tomar’. I already warned the user to add information based on citations and not to cause vandalism inspite of that the user is constantly trying to do povpush. I reverted the changes made by this user but please intervine. Thank you [[User:HistorianAlferedo|HistorianAlferedo]] ([[User talk:HistorianAlferedo|talk]]) 20:08, 20 December 2024 (UTC) :{{ping|HistorianAlferedo}} At this point seek help from admins, thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:12, 20 December 2024 (UTC) == December 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Thank you for changing Wikipedia. We welcome all changes, but we can have only changes that are in [[Wikipedia:About|simple English]], and your new changes to "[[:Wamiqa Gabbi]]" were not simple. Please see [[Wikipedia:How to write Simple English pages]] so you can write more simply in the future. Thank you. <!-- Template:Uw-simple --> [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 13:05, 21 December 2024 (UTC) :{{ping|BZPN}} I'm pretty sure it was simplified. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:15, 21 December 2024 (UTC) ::It was not. I'm pretty sure that it was something like "She is pseudonym", which is actually nonsense. [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 19:19, 21 December 2024 (UTC) :::{{ping|BZPN}}, it was a typing error wow you fault me? [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:21, 21 December 2024 (UTC) ::::Maybe it was, but a reader could not understand it anyway. It was also unsourced. [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 19:36, 21 December 2024 (UTC) == Old St. Louis Mills QD == Hey, I have a question about the QD on [[Old St Louis Mills]] whilst the page is an obvious hoax, would that count as nonsense or a obvious hoax, or does that cover both? [[User:Jayden Johnson 2314|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:purple"> 𝙹.𝙹.</span>]][[User talk:Jayden Johnson 2314|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:black">𝕋𝕒𝕝𝕜 📬📧</span>]] 17:59, 22 December 2024 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Drake Maye== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Drake Maye]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Drake Maye}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 22:20, 22 December 2024 (UTC) == Maithili cinema == Why do you want, [[Maithili cinema]] should be remove? And why are you removing full stop? [[User:Smjdschool|Smjdschool]] ([[User talk:Smjdschool|talk]]) 11:32, 23 December 2024 (UTC) == The Crow Eaters == Please extend [[The Crow Eaters]] with references and more content. Otherwise, it may be deleted for not claiming notability. [[Special:Contributions/174.160.82.127|174.160.82.127]] ([[User talk:174.160.82.127|talk]]) 22:10, 29 December 2024 (UTC) == December 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, {{ROOTPAGENAME}}! Here at Simple English Wikipedia, we use the section heading "Other websites" instead of English Wikipedia's "External links". This makes it simpler and easier to read. Please remember to use "Other websites" in pages that you create in the future. Thank you for your help!<!-- Template:Uw-otherweb --> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 03:10, 31 December 2024 (UTC) :Thank you! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:04, 2 January 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Rozvi Empire== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Rozvi Empire]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Rozvi Empire]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Garudam|Garudam]] ([[User talk:Garudam|talk]]) 09:36, 3 January 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of The Crow Eaters== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:The Crow Eaters]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Crow Eaters]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Garudam|Garudam]] ([[User talk:Garudam|talk]]) 10:13, 3 January 2025 (UTC) == Deletion requests 2 == Hi, when you make an RfD, please list it at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion]]. I am hoping you can list [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Fuller Road]] to show that you know how to do it. Thanks. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:E5B9:8B7B:A42C:77C|2601:644:907E:A70:E5B9:8B7B:A42C:77C]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:E5B9:8B7B:A42C:77C|talk]]) 21:25, 4 January 2025 (UTC) :If you don't add it then I can add it. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:4D8F:73EF:8E4A:F490|2601:644:907E:A70:4D8F:73EF:8E4A:F490]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:4D8F:73EF:8E4A:F490|talk]]) 02:05, 5 January 2025 (UTC) == January 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to Wikipedia. Your change to the page [[:Karkota dynasty]] worked, but because it had things in it which did not help improve the page, it was [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you would like to do more tests on Wikipedia, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. You may also want to read the [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome page]] to learn about helping the Simple English Wikipedia. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-test1 --> ''Kindly add the reason while the addition of maintenance tags, Thanks'' [[User:Shakib ul hassan|<span style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic; color:black;">Shakib ul hassan</span>]] [[User talk:Shakib ul hassan|<span style="font-weight:bold; color:grey; font-size:90%; position:relative; top:-2px;"> talk!</span>]] 19:25, 6 January 2025 (UTC) == Mourning Doves == I saw the edit war on the [[Mourning Dove]] article, they aren't native or introduced in pakistan, and it's not mentioned anywhere, do you have a source that would say otherwise? [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:16, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :Yes. Http://www.earthlife.net [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:17, 10 January 2025 (UTC) ::Could you link the specific source instead of just the website itself? Also, I saw that you said you researched it using Copilot? Using copilot as a source is not reliable at all. [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:20, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :::https://earthlife.net/mourning-doves/ {{ping|RiggedMint}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:22, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :::I think copilot is, but if SEW doesn't accept it I won't use it, thanks {{ping|RiggedMint}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:24, 10 January 2025 (UTC) ::::You seem to be referencing another encyclopedic-like source, there still isn't a good source of these guys being in pakistan, as quoted in the supposed source: "''These doves have been introduced to Hawaii and Pakistan.''" This is not a good reliable source onto if mourning doves were actually introduced in pakistan. I think it needs more context onto if they are actually there, no? And if so, it only needs a simple mention on the article. It does not need a category, as it's not native to pakistan. [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:30, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :::::TL;DR, try to find a more reliable and more contextful source, then i'll think it'll be good. Just don't put it as a category without any context. [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:32, 10 January 2025 (UTC) :::::Okay apologies, sorry i didn't mean to cause problems. {{ping|RiggedMint}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:32, 10 January 2025 (UTC) ::::::Yeah, you're fine. [[User:RiggedMint|<span style="border-radius: 2px; color: white; background: #2A2F4D; padding: 3.5px; font-family:Georgia;">'''RiggedMint'''</span>]] 20:34, 10 January 2025 (UTC) == Edits == Hi BigKrow, So sorry for rollbacking you, We change conflicted and I lost everything so I rollbacked you hoping if I clicked back a few times after the system would then think your edits were never made if that makes sense, I'll be honest I paniced and didn't want to lose everything I just did but nonetheless so sorry for rollbacking you - thank you for adding the full stops to the article it's much appreciated :), I've reinstated your edits and have finished editing there so you're more than welcome to edit it again :), Thanks, Warm Regards, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 18:04, 11 January 2025 (UTC) :{{ping|Davey2010}}, no worries my friend. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:05, 11 January 2025 (UTC) == Talk == Hello. Please leave me messages directly on my talk page, not on my subpages. Thank you. Best regards, [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 22:45, 12 January 2025 (UTC) :Apologies next I will, thanks. {{ping|BZPN}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:46, 12 January 2025 (UTC) ::time I will sorry. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:47, 12 January 2025 (UTC) == RfD == Hello. Please, pay more attention to your RfD reports. The report should be properly justified and provide possible arguments for removal, but your latest RfDs sound more like nonsense ([[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yazidi Rebellion]], [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Raid on Ottoman trading routes]]). It is very important to help other editors understand the issues in the reported article. Thank you. Best regards, [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 11:18, 14 January 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Talk:Privilege== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Talk:Privilege]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Talk:Privilege}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#g1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:14, 14 January 2025 (UTC) == Thank log == Hi there, do you have any idea why did you thank this [[Special:Diff/10013764|edit]] when my status become offline? [[User:Thetree284|thetree284]] ([[User talk:Thetree284|talk]]) 02:35, 15 January 2025 (UTC) == El Jordan 23 == Hi, could you explain in a little more detail on your QD of this article? https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Jordan_23 [[User:Adelaideslement8723|<span style="color:purple">𝓐𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓭𝓮</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴]] ♡ [[Special:Contribs/Adelaideslement8723|𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓼]])</sup> 22:14, 15 January 2025 (UTC) == [[User talk:Melitensis77]] == Hi, why create a talkpage with just your sign?--[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:14, 16 January 2025 (UTC) == Kurdish genocide rfd == Hi, if you want to make more comments, you can add them at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Kurdish Genocide (1915-1918)]]. Thanks. [[User:Tuscan Ant|Tuscan Ant]] ([[User talk:Tuscan Ant|talk]]) 20:39, 16 January 2025 (UTC) == Ayaz Syed == They've been reported to AN - don't bother reverting until an admin steps in on this. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 20:55, 16 January 2025 (UTC) :Ok. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:56, 16 January 2025 (UTC) :{{ping|Ravensfire}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:56, 16 January 2025 (UTC) == Im sorry == Please don't ban me I made a huge mistake! [[User:Coconut0330|Coconut0330]] ([[User talk:Coconut0330|talk]]) 21:20, 16 January 2025 (UTC) == Shirley, New York == Hi, the link you added on [[Shirley, New York]] isn't working for me. Does it work for you? [[User:Tuscan Ant|Tuscan Ant]] ([[User talk:Tuscan Ant|talk]]) 00:36, 17 January 2025 (UTC) :New link added. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:39, 17 January 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you. [[User:Tuscan Ant|Tuscan Ant]] ([[User talk:Tuscan Ant|talk]]) 00:40, 17 January 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Lenningen-Schopfloch== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Lenningen-Schopfloch]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Lenningen-Schopfloch}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#db|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:59, 17 January 2025 (UTC) == The fighting with Mr.Hanes == I over reacted it won't happen again due to my built up anger I lashed out... I should act like an adult and show people respect. {{ping|Davey2010}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:01, 18 January 2025 (UTC) :Imho you have nothing to apologise for and I don't believe you overreacted either. I understand why you blew your top any normal person would tbh. Anyway happy editing, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:16, 18 January 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you very much. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:39, 18 January 2025 (UTC) == Flood flag == Hi, Just an fyi regarding your flood flag message on Dream Indigo's talkpage; I can't speak for them but from my personal experience requesting the flood flag everytime I wanted to make repetitive edits was a long, tiresome and mentally draining battle that I always ended up losing. *I've had flood flag requests ignored for an entire day *I've had requests declined for silly reasons *And I recently asked an admin for the flag and was replied to 10 hours later (which I understand) So as you can see from my point of view, requesting flood flag is a waste of time and If I were to ask for this everytime I wanted to make those edits I would probably end up being years behind on things because I would have spent years either waiting for a reply or battling for it to be accepted!, I guess it might be a better idea to ignore when people flood recent changes as there may well be a valid reason as to why they're doing so, If it's a vandal sure but if it's long-established users then I probably wouldn't care, Anyway happy editing, Warm Regards, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 23:37, 18 January 2025 (UTC) == Explaining my focus on car articles == hello i think you saw my contribuitions but i am more focused on car articles i already did this when i was a good ip editor and i am focusing on making more car articles about honda maybe Acura and other brands (also i made the [[honda Fit]] article that is a good article btw and in the future i will probably contribuite on the portuguese Wikipedia) so i hope you understand that anyways good luck with your contribuitions best regards!. [[User:Automobile enthusiast|Automobile enthusiast]] ([[User talk:Automobile enthusiast|talk]]) 00:28, 19 January 2025 (UTC) == Declined QD - Naysila Mirdad == Hi there! I have declined your QD for Naysila Mirdad. In my opinion, it does not meet the requirement of "little or no meaning" and honestly, I am confused as to why you would have nominated it under that criteria. Am I missing something? [[User:Griffinofwales|Griff]] ([[User talk:Griffinofwales|talk]]) 23:44, 19 January 2025 (UTC) :I goofed [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:09, 20 January 2025 (UTC) ::Sorry [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:20, 20 January 2025 (UTC) == Bamberg == Hi, I removed that on [[Bamberg]] because it was a link to a disambiguation page that doesn't exist. [[Special:Contributions/192.83.149.205|192.83.149.205]] ([[User talk:192.83.149.205|talk]]) 23:59, 26 January 2025 (UTC) :Hi, can you please explain why you're reverting edits? [[Special:Contributions/192.83.149.205|192.83.149.205]] ([[User talk:192.83.149.205|talk]]) 00:26, 27 January 2025 (UTC) == How do you give someone thanks? == How do you give someone the thanks notification [[User:TS Rubber alt main|&#45;TS Rubber Alt Main]] ([[User talk:TS Rubber alt main|talk]]) 17:39, 27 January 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Old Nazi== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Old Nazi]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Old Nazi]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 21:30, 27 January 2025 (UTC) == Meir Zvi Bergman == Why did you remove living people from [[Meir Zvi Bergman]]? Is there a reason to think he's not living? [[Special:Contributions/207.62.246.71|207.62.246.71]] ([[User talk:207.62.246.71|talk]]) 00:29, 28 January 2025 (UTC) == Article == Hello, If you see someone moving a page can you at least wait 5-10 minutes before tagging it/editing it?, I appreciate your enthusiasm but this is the second time I've edit conflicted with you and it's the second time I've lost the work I've put in. Thank you. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:17, 28 January 2025 (UTC) :I'll try. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:18, 28 January 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Davey2010|Davey2010]] It doesn't make sense, you moved [[EP]] to [[Extended play (disambiguation)]]. Seems like a mistake. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|talk]]) 17:20, 28 January 2025 (UTC) ::.... @[[User:2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874]] Yes and then I changed the redirect from that disambiguation page to [[Extended play]] so that it makes Enwiki .... [[:en:EP]]..... –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:26, 28 January 2025 (UTC) :::Hi BK, No worries if you continue editing whilst I'm still busy then I'll just continuing rollbacking you, easy as that. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:27, 28 January 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:Davey2010|Davey2010]] No the page on enwiki is [[EP (disambiguation)]], not [[Extended play (disambiguation)]]. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|talk]]) 17:28, 28 January 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874|2601:644:907E:A70:A89E:B6CB:3280:3874]] Oops thank you for spotting this, Hopefully I've fixed this now, Many thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:33, 28 January 2025 (UTC) == General notes == Hi BigKrow! I saw the change you made while patrolling RC, so you said to the IP to stop vandalizing, to let you know next time, it is better to leave a general note instead of typing it out ;) I hope you have a good rest of your day and happy editing! [[User:Adelaideslement8723|<span style="color:purple">𝓐𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓭𝓮</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴]] ♡ [[Special:Contribs/Adelaideslement8723|𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓼]])</sup> 17:32, 28 January 2025 (UTC) == Quick deletion requests == Hello, BigKrow. I am concerned about quick deletion requests you have made; some today, and some in the recent past. Here are a couple of specific ones: *[https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charlotte_Amalie,_United_States_Virgin_Islands&diff=prev&oldid=10054213 This request] for [[Charlotte Amalie, United States Virgin Islands]], where you thought there was little or no meaning. : There isn't much information here, but there is definite meaning and enough for a stub. *[https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Charles_VIII_of_France&diff=prev&oldid=10054153 This request] for [[Death of Charles VIII of France]], where you included the comment "possible hoax?" :If you think something might be a hoax, please consider taking a little time to check. If you had looked at the English Wikipedia article, you would have seen that the information in this article really is the way the king died. I'm considering restricting your ability to make quick deletion requests -- and RFD requests as well, because some of those have had issues they shouldn't have had. When you want to make either kind of request, please take a step back and give it some thought first. Thanks. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 19:34, 3 February 2025 (UTC) :Please do take away my rights I don't mind, just letting you know I just try my best to help the project thank you. {{ping|Auntof6}} [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:37, 3 February 2025 (UTC) ::I agree with Auntof6 that you are not understanding the usage of QDs and RfDs. I am also considering restricting your ability to make deletion requests. I would recommend that you do not make any requests for a period of three months and that you carefully read the policies and guidelines pertaining to deletions. I know I have turned down your requests. You seem to think things that you don't agree with are nonsense whereas G1 is for gibberish and not things you think don't seem right to you. Please stop this behaviour. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:50, 11 February 2025 (UTC) :::Chill out I'm just trying my best. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 13:00, 11 February 2025 (UTC) == Change conflict of Zeds Dead == Hey I just wanted to let you know that I have made a change conflict causing both of us to be confused, I know that you were probably more confused than I am. Sorry about that, and thanks for reverting my edit back because that was a mistake. I got to be careful when someone else is editing and we post both our revisions at the same time, because it always results in a change conflict. Happy editing :) [[User:Adelaideslement8723|<span style="color:purple">𝓐𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓭𝓮</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴]] ♡ [[Special:Contribs/Adelaideslement8723|𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓼]])</sup> 23:33, 10 February 2025 (UTC) == Tommy Robinson Vandalisms == Hi can you please report the vandal that keeps on makes biased edits, he's reverting the anti-vandal bots and I have to revert him twice. Thank you [[User:CS012831|CS012831]] ([[User talk:CS012831|talk]]) 22:21, 12 February 2025 (UTC) :{{tps}} - @[[User:CS012831|CS012831]], I'm keeping an eye on them but as it's not been a constant stream of vandalism there's generally no need to protect the article (If anyone reports them it'd be declined anyway as again not enough vandalism to warrant protection), Thanks, Warm Regards, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 23:15, 12 February 2025 (UTC) == May you explain your revert? == May you explain why you reverted my change to [[English Wikipedia]]? [[User:Wynn Liaw|Wynn Liaw]] ([[User talk:Wynn Liaw|talk]]) 21:07, 13 February 2025 (UTC) == Your edits on User talk: Justin Bieber is a nazi == Hi, I have already reported the user on [[WP:VIP]] ;) Thanks! [[User:Adelaideslement8723|<span style="color:purple">𝓐𝓭𝓮𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓭𝓮</span>]] <sup>([[User talk:Adelaideslement8723|𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴]] ♡ [[Special:Contribs/Adelaideslement8723|𝓬𝓸𝓷𝓽𝓻𝓲𝓫𝓼]])</sup> 03:12, 15 February 2025 (UTC) :Thank you [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 03:13, 15 February 2025 (UTC) == Loss of privileges at QD == Based on your complete misunderstanding of QD criteria as example in [[Barnala Tehsil]] I am restricting your ability to tag articles for QD foe 6 months. The article is no different to many other place names that exist here. If you nominate any article except in your user space you will be blocked from editing for 6 months. I am leaving your ability to run RfDs because those are less problematic. {{ping|auntof6}} FYI '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:04, 18 February 2025 (UTC) :thank you [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:47, 18 February 2025 (UTC) Good morning BigKrow! The above-mentioned restriction in no longer in effect, however, you should observe the guidance provided by Fr33kman and review carefully the deletion policy before nominating any article for deletion or quick deletion. As a group of administrators, we are here to help and mentor you, but our time is limited. Unnecessary and inappropriate requests take up the community's time from working on improving Wikipedia. I recommend that if you have any questions about an article and whether it should be nominated, ask an administrator or other experienced member of the community before placing the tag. As a further note, when nominating an article for deletion or quick deletion, you should be clear about 1. which policy is not being followed by the article and 2. provide specific reasons as to why the article does not meet that policy. For example, ''notability?'' is not an acceptable RFD reason. ''Article does not meet GNG because it lacks reliable secondary sources'' is an acceptable reason. Similarly, for a QD, A4 for an article that clearly states a reason for being notable is not appropriate. If the article does not meet another policy, it should be nominated for RFD. I appreciate all your time and look forward to you continuing to contribute on the project. Best, [[User:Griffinofwales|Griff]] ([[User talk:Griffinofwales|talk]]) 01:45, 27 February 2025 (UTC) :Appreciate it, thank you. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 01:57, 27 February 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Boris the Rocket== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Boris the Rocket]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Boris the Rocket]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 22:16, 20 February 2025 (UTC) == Edit summaries 2 == Hi Big Krow, When you're reverting to a revision you need to say ''why'' you're reverting back to that revision. Your reversions [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Higginson,_Arkansas&diff=prev&oldid=10089405 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Golf&diff=prev&oldid=10089403 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cookie_Jar_Group&diff=prev&oldid=10086201 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_%26_Friends&diff=prev&oldid=10086199 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Politico&diff=prev&oldid=10076275 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=English_Wikipedia&diff=prev&oldid=10076189 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Pennsylvania&diff=prev&oldid=10076188 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Stewart&diff=prev&oldid=10065624 here], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=JackTheBus&diff=prev&oldid=10056743 here] and [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venus&diff=prev&oldid=10054717 here] should all state why you're reverting. As I'm sure you can appreciate we're not all mind readers and some of the users above may be editing in good faith and would be none the wiser as to why they're being reverted. Some of your non-edit-summary reverts have been to revert obvious vandalism (reverting to a bot version etc) or reverting unrelated image change vandalism so I'm turning a blind eye to those but still ... you need to provide edit summaries (the only time you don't need to use one is if it's obvious vandalism and you're using the [[WP:ROLLBACK]] tool), I'm also CCing @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] so that they're aware of this although I would hope going forward this isn't an issue any more, Thanks for your understanding, Have a great day, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 23:32, 20 February 2025 (UTC) :{{comment}} Diffused this section from another section with the same name. ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 23:35, 20 February 2025 (UTC) ==Barnstar== {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Barnstar of Reversion Hires.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Anti-Vandalism Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Thank you for reverting vandalism in Belgium and some pages! I was about to revert the edits but nice job! And for doing that, you get a barnstar! [[User:Thetree284|thetree284]] ([[User talk:Thetree284|talk]]) 00:29, 21 February 2025 (UTC) |} :Appreciated! I really try my best. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:30, 21 February 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Boris the Rocket== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Boris the Rocket]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Boris the Rocket]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Zjui3r|Zjui3r]] ([[User talk:Zjui3r|talk]]) 05:24, 21 February 2025 (UTC) == February 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px|left]] Please do not remove [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]] tags from articles, as you did to "[[:Stubborn Fat]]", without a good reason. If you think the article should not be deleted, please add {{tl|wait}} to the article and explain your reason on the article's [[Wikipedia:Talk page|talk page]]. Thank you. <!-- Template:Uw-qd --> [[Special:Contributions/192.83.149.205|192.83.149.205]] ([[User talk:192.83.149.205|talk]]) 23:15, 24 February 2025 (UTC) ==Talkback== {{tb|WP:AN|BigKrow (end of February)|ts=08:27, 28 February 2025 (UTC)}} Please participate in the discussion. [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 08:27, 28 February 2025 (UTC) == Kiara Tito == [[Kiara Tito]] has two RfD's on the same page. The second one should be removed. [[Special:Contributions/169.229.202.223|169.229.202.223]] ([[User talk:169.229.202.223|talk]]) 23:39, 17 March 2025 (UTC) :Ok thank you [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 23:50, 17 March 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Mark Gero== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Mark Gero]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Mark Gero}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Kuskrey|Ksy]] 09:22, 2 April 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Mike Gminski== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Mike Gminski]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Mike Gminski}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 01:20, 5 April 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Asterisk Talley== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Asterisk Talley]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Asterisk Talley}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Jlwoodwa|jlwoodwa]] ([[User talk:Jlwoodwa|talk]]) 18:48, 5 April 2025 (UTC) == Article == Why you create short [[August Harbaum|article]], i recommended you to stay your article in your user space and move once you completed, please follow [[WP:MOS]]. Thanks!<span id="Raayaan9911:1744313719778:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:35, 10 April 2025 (UTC)</span> :I'm trying to make bigger [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:37, 10 April 2025 (UTC) ::I checked your article count, you have 164 total articles count, next time, just finish your article slowly in your user space, once you completed, move to mainspace. Also, please don't beat other editors' article count. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:43, 10 April 2025 (UTC) == A Cactus for you! == [[File:Cactus.jpg|left|150px]] --[[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] <sup>[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]</sup> <sup>[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]</sup> 11:54, 11 April 2025 (UTC) :Thank you friend. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 15:04, 11 April 2025 (UTC) == Request == https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/VastavAI can you move this to [[Vastav AI]] [[User:Nexion7|Nexion7]] ([[User talk:Nexion7|talk]]) 20:43, 13 April 2025 (UTC) == [[2001 Daytona 500]] and [[The Magician (French TV series)]] == Hi, can you please add more content to these; as they are, there isn't much information and might qualify for [[WP:QD]]. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:15, 14 April 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:BRPever|BRPever]] and BigKrow, I hope it was okay but I've rewritten and expanded the The Magician (French TV series) article, I find TV shows easy to create/expand so am more than help with these, If it wasn't okay then let me know and I won't interfere again, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 15:41, 14 April 2025 (UTC) :I improved this article called [[2001 Daytona 500]], did you like it? [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 15:44, 14 April 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for improving it guys. Looks much better. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 15:57, 14 April 2025 (UTC) :::You're welcome! [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 15:58, 14 April 2025 (UTC) ::::No worries :), Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 16:01, 14 April 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Emmi Drexel== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Emmi Drexel]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Emmi Drexel}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 11:52, 24 April 2025 (UTC) :Some of your non-notable articles as example of [[Amanda Crowe]] are deleted, i recommended you to follow [[WP:PEOPLE]]. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 11:58, 24 April 2025 (UTC) == Quality articles == Can you please expand your recent articles like [[Village of the Giants]]? Most of them are low quality and doesn't have any references, i recommended complete your article in your user space and follow [[WP:MOS]] i already left you notice message.<span id="Raayaan9911:1745741169178:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 08:06, 27 April 2025 (UTC)</span> ==Quick deletion of Diem T. T. Tran== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Diem T. T. Tran]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Diem T. T. Tran}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 11:00, 27 April 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of BUMRUSH45== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:BUMRUSH45]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:BUMRUSH45}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:03, 29 April 2025 (UTC) == Low quality articles == Please stop creating low quality articles, most of them are doesn't have any references, very short and doesn't have any cats. You're just beating others' articles count.<span id="Raayaan9911:1745943081219:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:11, 29 April 2025 (UTC)</span> :I like to create pages on all sorts of topics. @[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:13, 29 April 2025 (UTC) ::You liked to create articles, but, most of your articles are low quality or non-notable, please complete your articles in your user space. If you continue creating low quality articles, you may be blocked. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:24, 29 April 2025 (UTC) :::Ok thanks. @[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:28, 29 April 2025 (UTC) == April 2025 == [[File:Information.svg|25px|]] Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make changes to the encyclopedia. However, please do not add promotional material to articles or other Wikipedia pages, as you did to [[:BUMRUSH45]]. [[Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not#Wikipedia is not a soapbox|Advertising]] and using Wikipedia to promote a product or [[WP:NPOV|point of view]] is discouraged. Take a look at the [[Wikipedia:Introduction|welcome page]] to learn more about Wikipedia. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-advert1 --> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:29, 29 April 2025 (UTC) :Thank you friend. @[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 16:38, 29 April 2025 (UTC) == May 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] [[Wikipedia:Welcome|Welcome to Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to change things here, but talk pages are meant to be a record of a discussion. Deleting or changing [[Wikipedia:Assume good faith|good]] comments, as you did at [[:Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard]], [[Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines#Things not to do|should not be done]], even if you meant it well. Even fixing spelling and grammar in others' comments is usually advised against, because it can irritate the users whose wrote them. Take a look at the [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome page]] to learn more about how you can help build this encyclopedia. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-tpv1 --> [[User:TagUser|TagUser]] ([[User talk:TagUser|talk]]) 17:41, 1 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Information.svg|25px|]] Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! I do not want to seem unfriendly or make you feel unwelcome, but I noticed your user page, and I am concerned that it might not meet Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:User page|user page guideline]]. After you have read that guideline, could we discuss my concerns here? I'd like to hear your views, such as why you want the current page, and whether you might agree to change it to something else. There are several ways we can deal with this matter: *If you can explain why your user page meets Wikipedia's user page guideline, I can stop worrying about it. *If you decide to delete the page yourself, please add "<code><nowiki>{{UserQD}}</nowiki></code>" to the top of your user page. An [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] will then delete it. *If we can not agree on what needs to be done, I can list your user page at "[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion]]" so that we can discuss with other editors whether the page should be kept or deleted. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-userpage --> ''Please don't write your user page looks like a encyclopedia article, user page is not encyclopedia article.'' [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:58, 1 May 2025 (UTC) :It's allowed to use your user page for testing articles, but you shouldn't put it in categories or use stub tags. Thanks. [[User:TagUser|TagUser]] ([[User talk:TagUser|talk]]) 20:08, 1 May 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:TagUser|TagUser]], I think I fixed it. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 01:20, 2 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]], i think I fixed it. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 01:21, 2 May 2025 (UTC) ::I looked at it, your user page with your signature but it's allowed. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 04:59, 2 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Audrey Jean Backeberg== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Audrey Jean Backeberg]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Audrey Jean Backeberg}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 18:06, 5 May 2025 (UTC) == Toby Fox Reverted edit == Hello, today you made an edit on Simple English Wikipedia's page on [[Toby Fox]] where you claimed to revert a user's edit, but you actually reverted my edit, and I am not the user you mentioned. I am not sure whose edit you meant to revert, so I have not made any changes. I wanted to make you aware. Also, if you did mean to revert my edit, I would like to talk about it, since I don't see any problems with the edit I made. Thanks so much! [[Special:Contributions/24.119.235.231|24.119.235.231]] ([[User talk:24.119.235.231|talk]]) 19:45, 5 May 2025 (UTC) :My mistake, I now understand that you ''did'' mean to revert my edit. I had misread your edit summary, and became confused. Now that I understand your edit summary, my first message is mostly irrevelant. :I am still confused why my edit was reverted and would like to talk about it to see if we could come to an understanding. :[[Special:Contributions/24.119.235.231|24.119.235.231]] ([[User talk:24.119.235.231|talk]]) 00:06, 7 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Cozi Zuehlsdorff== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Cozi Zuehlsdorff]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Cozi Zuehlsdorff}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 15:15, 6 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Lycia== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Lycia]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Lycia}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 15:15, 6 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|25px]] Please stop making bad pages. If you continue, you will be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing and creating pages on Wikipedia. <!-- Template:uw-create3 --> ''Many of the articles you've created have been low quality, and not contained any references or categories. You also need to make sure that articles about people, groups or organizations explain why the subject is notable.'' [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 15:18, 6 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:J991|J991]] I was being lazy sorry I will add sources and etc. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 18:02, 6 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:J991|J991]] you might want to delete my other bad articles. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:31, 6 May 2025 (UTC) ::I can't delete them but some of them might get nominated for QD or RfD. [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 15:12, 7 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|25px]] Your changes are causing [[Wikipedia:Disruptive changing|disruption]] to the project and this is not acceptable. Please stop. If your disruption continues, you will be '''[[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing Wikipedia.''' <!---Template:uw-disruption---> –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:11, 6 May 2025 (UTC) :Specifically [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Fixx&diff=prev&oldid=10240463 this], you've been told to use edit summaries before and yet you still haven't, :The user (correctly) added an infobox and (incorrectly) added an External Links section - could you not have simply reworded the heading instead of reverting them?, Moreover how do you expect someone to fix their mistakes if you've not told them what it is they've done wrong in the first place? –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:14, 6 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, BigKrow. When you revert a user's changes, like you did earlier, don't forget to leave the user a message on their talk page, especially when reverting vandalism or a test edit. You may find [[Template:User talk page warnings/table]] useful when doing this, to let them know that the change was considered inappropriate, and to direct them to the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-warn --> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 17:08, 7 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Wadi Damm== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Wadi Damm]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Wadi Damm}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 02:28, 12 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]] A4 only applies to a person, group of people, band, club, company, product, service or web content. [[User:TagUser|TagUser]] ([[User talk:TagUser|talk]]) 02:37, 12 May 2025 (UTC) ::Articles about other topics can't be quick deleted for not claiming notability. [[User:TagUser|TagUser]] ([[User talk:TagUser|talk]]) 02:37, 12 May 2025 (UTC) :::I'm not sure there are rules against tagging articles with QD about other topics for not claiming notability, but i improved article, i have wait for admin's decision. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 08:42, 12 May 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] i told you to use your user space for creating articles before, i have tagged you to QD. This is your last warning you'll get, if you continue creating low quality or non-notable articles, you may reported you to [[WP:ANI]]. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 08:49, 12 May 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]], im sorry. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 17:49, 13 May 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]], some info is better than nothing... [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 23:09, 13 May 2025 (UTC) :::::Please don't ping me again, it's considered unnecessary. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 02:51, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Notability tag == Please don't tag notability tag in bottom of talk pages like [[Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)]], it's considered wrong tag, if you made mistake? It's okay, don't worry, you should place carefully. Thanks!<span id="Raayaan9911:1747205566778:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 06:52, 14 May 2025 (UTC)</span> ==Quick deletion of Mordecai Shenhavi== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Mordecai Shenhavi]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Mordecai Shenhavi}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:15, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Douglas Williams (cricketer)== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Douglas Williams (cricketer)]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Douglas Williams (cricketer)}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:28, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Notice == [[File:Information icon4.svg|32px]] Hello. This message is being sent to tell you that there is currently a discussion at [[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard]] regarding an issue with which you may have been involved. The thread is "[[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard#BigKrow continued creating low quality or non-notable articles after final warning|BigKrow continued creating low quality or non-notable articles after final warning]]". Thank you.<!--Template:AN-notice--> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 16:33, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Budh Singh Faizalpuria== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Budh Singh Faizalpuria]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Budh Singh Faizalpuria}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:purple">J9</span>]][[User talk:J991|<span style="font-family:Tahoma;color:red">91</span>]] 17:06, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Partial block == Due to your history of creating bad articles on simplewiki and as a reciprocal block under [[WP:ONESTRIKE]] I have implemented a 6 month block preventing you from creating new articles. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 18:37, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], I appeal this outragious decision!!!! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:27, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ::Feel free. It is no different to your situation on enwiki. You've been warned and warned but you have chosen to ignore those warning and the community has asked for admin action. This has now been done. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 19:34, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], no it isn't done i request you all give me my creating new articles rights back, i have done nothing wrong i plead my innocence.... [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:36, 14 May 2025 (UTC) [[Image:Stop hand nuvola.svg|30px]] This is the '''only warning''' you will get for the bad changes you made. In your comments, talk about the changes editors have made, and do not insult the editors. If you make another personal attack on an editor&#32;as you did at [[:User talk:Fr33kman]], you may be '''[[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing Wikipedia'''. <!-- Template:uw-npa4im --> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:49, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]], leave me alone [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:50, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Unblock request == {{unblock reviewed|1=sorry i sweared but Fr33kman its not fair BigKrow (talk) 19:54, 14 May 2025 (UTC)|decline=No good reason provided for unblock. Please read [[WP:UNBLOCK]]. -- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' 20:17, 22 May 2025 (UTC)}} == Full block == Due to your use of abusive language and behaviour I have fully blocked you. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 19:58, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], no [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 19:59, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ::Firstly, I suggest you calm down and think before you post. Secondly, wait for another admin to review your block and in the meantime think about why you've been blocked and what are the reasons you should be unblocked. I don't want to see you fully blocked but your current handling of the situation is very immature. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:08, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :::Hi, @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], could I still use my userspace to try to get an article reviewed for approval? Thanks. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:04, 14 May 2025 (UTC) ::::I don't think the partial block will affect your creating pages in your user space. I see no problem with you using your user space to write new articles for review. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 21:10, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :::::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], I appreciate your patience with me, thank you! [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 21:11, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Back to partial block == I have reset your block to a partial block as I think you just panicked and I want you able to take part in the discussion on ANI. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:13, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :Much appreciated, I do apologize to you @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], and all of Simple English Wikipedia. I was wrong about the matter. Do with wish as you please, sincerely [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:23, 14 May 2025 (UTC) == Pestering == Please stop with [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Fr33kman&diff=prev&oldid=10259747 this] otherwise you really are going to be indefinitely blocked and next time you won't be unblocked as quickly!, You are blocked from creating articles for 6 months .... so take that time to understand how articles are created and what they entail (how they should look), Creating subpages and asking the blocking admin (or anyone) to review your articles is not okay and it stops now. Again, take the time to learn from your block and take the time to read articles and the various help pages we have here. You should also be aware that [[WP:CIR|Competence is required]] to edit here and at this moment in time you're failing that so unless you stop you're either going to be indefinetely blocked for [[WP:CIR|not getting it]] or pestering people. I have removed your post from Fr33kmans talkpage and seriously suggest you stop, Thank you. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 22:06, 14 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] look at my user page [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:08, 15 May 2025 (UTC) ::You don't explain why he is notable. He would need to be a well-known artist, on a major record label, the recipient of major awards etc. You need reliable resources that you can cite: major magazines, media websites, newspapers etc. As you have it now I could delete it under QD:A4. Also please create sub-pages under your user space instead of using your user page. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:16, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::Example (of title for a) sub-page: [[User:BigKrow/August Harbaum]], in regard to the topic in the next post. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|talk]]) 03:22, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::Can i blank their user page and then create user space by copying their current user page for draft? [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 03:45, 15 May 2025 (UTC) ::::No. For starters: A wikipedia-user 'has to be the one', that start his-or-her-own sub-page or user-page (or even 'regular user-page'). [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:7580:532A:8665:BB|2001:2020:303:BB75:7580:532A:8665:BB]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:7580:532A:8665:BB|talk]]) 05:17, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::::It's has a stub template and category, please see [[WP:USER]]. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 05:22, 15 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::Remove "<nowiki>{{bio-stub}}</nowiki>" and "<nowiki>[[Category:Musicians]]</nowiki>", from '''that''' user-page.--Good catch!--However, I recommend that anyone '''except''' user:Raayaan9911, make that edit. (Note: i have got absolutely nothing agains user:Raayaan9911.) [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173|2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173|talk]]) 17:45, 15 May 2025 (UTC) /[[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173|2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:4129:EB88:E214:3173|talk]]) 17:49, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::{{Done}} i removed stub and category in their user page. :::::::@[[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] please don't use stub templates or categories in your user page, i already warned you. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 18:43, 15 May 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Glad to see my comment has been read and understood. Why are we allowing this user to circumvent the block by creating subpages of articles. Either way I shan't bother further wasting my breath here. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 19:47, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::::I removed stub and category in their user page only, i didn't allowing this user circumvent the block by create subpages of articles, i just misunderstood it. Don't worry :) [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:52, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :::::::::I also undid my edit in their user page. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 19:58, 15 May 2025 (UTC) {{outdent}} The category and stub template should be removed or commented out. We can't categorize userpages in categories meant for mainspace articles. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 20:05, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] Thank you for clarifying misunderstanding. :@[[User:Davey2010|Davey2010]] user pages doesn't categorize it, it's only categorize mainspace articles. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 20:17, 15 May 2025 (UTC) == A middle manager in a killing-machine of Nazi-Germany == [[August_Harbaum]]. Please read edit remark, about 'what you seriously should consider, doing to the article'. See edit-comment in the following diff, simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=August_Harbaum&diff=10260053&oldid=10259259 Without c. all those 'German sources' (at the end of one particular sentence/period), then your article could easily get deleted 'on a bad day'. In my opinion, the Swedish wiki-article is a strong 'Delete-candidate'. However, the German wiki-article is an 'obvious keep', at German-wiki, in my opinion - however, i seriously doubt that a case could be made, in regard that he was a "key person" or "key figure".--He was part of [[middle management]] (of a killing operation also), it seems. However, he is a noted person, in the concentration camp system; 'The proof is partially in, that the German-wiki article has not been nominated for Delete !'.--I am fine with me doing c. no more work on this article.--Note: it is possible that his 'notability in German media, is largely because he managed not to be arrested-and-sent-to-trial, even though he was sited, as late as in the 2000s. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|talk]]) 03:14, 15 May 2025 (UTC) /[[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|talk]]) 03:17, 15 May 2025 (UTC) :If my first post (in this thread) seems helpful, then fine. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:303:BB75:2C7A:A192:DE9B:2656|talk]]) 03:16, 15 May 2025 (UTC) == QD noms == I have undone the last two QD nominations you did. The first broke the RfD page and the second was not nonsense. Please be more careful. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:55, 16 May 2025 (UTC) :ohh... [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 00:56, 16 May 2025 (UTC) == Template:This date in recent years/table == Are you planning to complete the nomination for this article at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Template:This date in recent years/table]]? Otherwise, please remove the RFD tag and the transclusion at the RFD list. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:38, 16 May 2025 (UTC) :someone can fix it.... @[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:39, 16 May 2025 (UTC) ::It's not someone else's job to fix it. If you're nominating something for deletion, you need to follow through with all the steps. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:41, 16 May 2025 (UTC) :::i refuse to fix it @[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 02:42, 16 May 2025 (UTC) ::::As you refuse to complete the nomination process, I have reverted your tagging of the article as an RFD. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:50, 16 May 2025 (UTC) == Herminie, Pennsylvania == Can you give a source for the information you provided on [[Herminie, Pennsylvania]]? Some of it appears to be wrong. [[Special:Contributions/2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99|2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99]] ([[User talk:2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99|talk]]) 20:05, 27 May 2025 (UTC) :I did. [[User:BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[User talk:BigKrow#top|talk]]) 20:05, 27 May 2025 (UTC) ::https://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/pennsylvania/herminie doesn't seem to be a reliable source. [[Special:Contributions/2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99|2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99]] ([[User talk:2601:646:9900:A7E6:5D64:91B3:E674:2D99|talk]]) 20:09, 27 May 2025 (UTC) == Unexplained reverts == I noticed two reverts by you in the past hour or so that seem to be removing good faith improvements to articles with no explanations. * [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polandball&diff=prev&oldid=10295891 Revert one] * [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Melanie_Brown&diff=prev&oldid=10295904 Revert two] If you're going to make these reverts, you need to explain why you're making them. But, I don't believe either revert should have happened in the first place. Please be mindful in your revert actions and your usage of Twinkle. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 01:41, 30 May 2025 (UTC) == Use full sentences == When you add information to articles, please make sure that you write them in full sentences. Several of your changes today have been simply listing facts instead of writing them into sentence form. Please make sure you utilize proper grammar. Additionally, make sure all the information you add is properly cited as well. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:11, 30 May 2025 (UTC) == More edits of concern == I am concerned about these edits you made today: [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_Don%27t_Want_To&diff=prev&oldid=10297192], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santee,_California&diff=prev&oldid=10297194], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell_Gardens,_California&diff=prev&oldid=10297200], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Airuno&diff=prev&oldid=10297140], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campagnatico&diff=prev&oldid=10297144]. They all introduced information to the articles that were without sources and were complex in their language. Where did the information come from that you put into the articles? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 13:53, 30 May 2025 (UTC) :How about [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satoshi_Nakamoto&diff=prev&oldid=10299006 this edit]? Where did you get the information from? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 00:10, 31 May 2025 (UTC) ::I think they are using AI chatbot to write article. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 23:55, 31 May 2025 (UTC) :::Oh I assumed as much as well. I’m just looking for them to say it. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 23:57, 31 May 2025 (UTC) == AI-generated content == Please stop using AI chatbot to generate articles, any AI generated contents are complex as example of [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_remember&diff=prev&oldid=10298599 diff]. Please see [[WP:GPT]].<span id="Raayaan9911:1748734854286:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 23:40, 31 May 2025 (UTC)</span> :Your [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aryan_Brotherhood_of_Texas&diff=prev&oldid=10298977 diff] also has a AI-generated content. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 23:55, 31 May 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Maison du Boulanger== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Maison du Boulanger]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Maison du Boulanger]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 13:34, 1 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Darius (French artist)== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Darius (French artist)]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Darius (French artist)}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 13:12, 4 June 2025 (UTC) == QD == Please be very careful at QD, your [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Nut_(fruit)&diff=prev&oldid=10309577 diff] has been tagged QD, you can remove disruptive comment. Tagging QD on new disruptive comments are unnecessary. Thanks!<span id="Raayaan9911:1749061606688:User_talkFTTCLNBigKrow" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 18:26, 4 June 2025 (UTC)</span> :I also improved [[2018–19 NBA season]]. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 18:28, 4 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Ding Liren's Immortal Game== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Ding Liren's Immortal Game]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Ding Liren's Immortal Game}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 19:04, 5 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Wadi Damm== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Wadi Damm]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Wadi Damm}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 19:09, 5 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Professional wrestling throws== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Professional wrestling throws]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Professional wrestling throws}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:11, 9 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Go Mecha Ball== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Go Mecha Ball]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Go Mecha Ball}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:32, 15 June 2025 (UTC) == film/movie articles == Hi BigKrow, hope you are doing well. Please note that all our articles on films/movies that need disambiguation use the title "movie" rather than "film" as movie is in BE 1500 but film is not. Thanks, --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:51, 1 July 2025 (UTC) == "Vandalism" == Hi BigKrow, If you're not sure on what is and what isn't vandalism then please don't revert, Anyone with half a braincell knows [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Island_Def_Jam_Music_Group&diff=prev&oldid=10367887 this] '''isn't''' vandalism and although I can understand ''how'' you reached that conclusion (because of the articles content) you still should've had the common sense to revert back to a non-Joseph revision instead of simply reverting a well-established editor. Be careful otherwise you could be blocked, Thank you. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 16:58, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Davey2010|Davey2010]] the edit that BigKrow reverted does look like vandalism. The editor replaced five grammatically correct paragraphs with two "paragraphs", both of which are grammatically unreadable nonsense. I'm not sure how :<pre>Net worth $55 million produce song for Zendaya Chris brown j.cole Nekfeu many upcoming artist</pre> :could be a helpful addition to an article. [[Special:Contributions/96.65.201.225|96.65.201.225]] ([[User talk:96.65.201.225|talk]]) 17:01, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:96.65.201.225|96.65.201.225]], The whole article was trashed (something Ternera didn't know) and I didn't know either until I took a second look, BigKrow simply reverted an established editor and QD-tagged the article without doing any due diligence, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:03, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :::{{ping|Davey2010}} You warning them that they could be blocked for reverting something that made a sensible-sounding article into nonsense is not appropriate. You may as well warn Ternera for making an inappropriate edit. Ternera was just as responsible for reviewing their changes as BigKrow was. [[Special:Contributions/96.65.201.225|96.65.201.225]] ([[User talk:96.65.201.225|talk]]) 17:07, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ::::Like I said they didn't do their due diligence here and were appropriately warned for it. Tenera was reverting vandalism though - they just didn't know the revision prior to the IP they were reverting was also vandalism, BK however reverted an established editor and QD'd the article which in my books is 10x worse. ::::We all make mistakes I certainly do but I cannot let something like that go under the rug, I found it a problem and felt it needed to be addressed, I'm sure going forward BK will be careful, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 17:16, 2 July 2025 (UTC) == Remember to write an edit remark ... == ... when you remove stuff from articles.--And, there has to be a justification.--You have been told many times, to write edit remark, it seems! [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA|talk]]) 17:22, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 08v68cdf8uggo66gx2uq9d6i8qtn4jp 0 1072691 10368633 9672212 2025-07-03T01:16:45Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 Typo: duplication 10368633 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Turrell Wylie.png|thumb|Prof. Turrell Wylie in 1979 at the University of Washington, Department of Asian Languages and Literature.]] '''Wylie transliteration''' is a way to write [[Tibetan script]] using [[English language|English]] letters found on a standard [[typewriter]]. Turrell V. Wylie, an [[Americans|American]] [[scholar]], created this system, and he introduced it in a 1959 article in the [[Harvard University|Harvard]] Journal of Asiatic Studies. It has since become a widely used method in [[Tibetan language|Tibetan]] studies, especially in the [[United States]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wylie|first=Turrell|date=1959|title=A Standard System of Tibetan Transcription.|url=http://sites.google.com/site/chrisfynn2/wylietransliteration|access-date=2023-12-28|website=Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies|archive-date=2011-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110127175457/http://sites.google.com/site/chrisfynn2/wylietransliteration|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sU5bDwAAQBAJ&dq=wylie+transliteration&pg=PA91|title=Spoken Tibetan Basics: A Spoken Tibetan Language Primer|last1=Tharpa|first1=Tenzin|last2=Tsultrim|first2=Sangye|publisher=Tenzin Tharpa|language=en}}</ref> When creating a [[Romanization]] for the [[Tibetan language]], there's a challenge: whether to accurately represent the sounds of spoken [[Tibetan language|Tibetan]] or the spelling of written [[Tibetan language|Tibetan]]. These can be quite different, similar to the difference between [[English language|English]] and [[French language|French]] [[orthography]], which reflects the pronunciation from the Late [[Middle Ages|Medieval]] period.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sU5bDwAAQBAJ&dq=wylie+transliteration&pg=PA91|title=Spoken Tibetan Basics: A Spoken Tibetan Language Primer|last1=Tharpa|first1=Tenzin|last2=Tsultrim|first2=Sangye|publisher=Tenzin Tharpa|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zxKsEAAAQBAJ&dq=wylie+transliteration&pg=PA1996|title=Histories of Tibet: Essays in Honor of Leonard W. J. van der Kuijp|last1=Schaeffer|first1=Kurtis|last2=McGrath|first2=William|last3=Lang|first3=Jue|date=2023-07-25|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-1-61429-808-3|language=en}}</ref> Earlier transcription systems tried to compromise between these two goals, but they didn't do either perfectly. Wylie transliteration aims to precisely transcribe [[Tibetan script]] as it is written, making it widely accepted in [[Academia|academic]] and [[historical]] studies. It's important to note that Wylie is not meant to reflect the pronunciation of [[Tibetan language|Tibetan]] words.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jacques|first=Guillaume|date=2012-01-01|title=A new transcription system for Old and Classical Tibetan|url=https://www.academia.edu/2322359|journal=Tibetan Transliteration|access-date=28 December 2023}}</ref> == Consonants == {{IPA notice|section}} The Wylie method transliterates the Tibetan characters as follows:<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sU5bDwAAQBAJ&dq=wylie+transliteration&pg=PA91|title=Spoken Tibetan Basics: A Spoken Tibetan Language Primer|last1=Tharpa|first1=Tenzin|last2=Tsultrim|first2=Sangye|publisher=Tenzin Tharpa|language=en}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! {{abbr|T|Tibetan}} !! {{abbr|W|Wylie}} !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] !! T !! W !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] !! T !! W !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] !! T !! W !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] |- | <span style="font-size:190%;">ཀ</span> || ka || {{IPA|[ká]}} || <span style="font-size:190%;">ཁ</span> || kha || {{IPA|[↘︎kʰá]}} || <span style="font-size:190%;">ག</span> || ga || {{IPA|[ɡà/↗︎kʰà]}} || <span style="font-size:190%;">ང</span> || nga || {{IPA|[ŋà]}} |- | <span style="font-size:190%;">ཅ</span> || ca || {{IPA|[tɕá]}} || <span style="font-size:190%;">ཆ</span> || cha || {{IPA|[↘︎tɕʰá]}} || <span style="font-size:190%;">ཇ</span> || ja || {{IPA|[dʑà/↗︎tɕʰà]}} || <span style="font-size:190%;">ཉ</span> || nya || {{IPA|[ɲà]}} |- | <span style="font-size:190%;">ཏ</span> || ta || {{IPA|[tá]}} || <span style="font-size:190%;">ཐ</span> || tha || {{IPA|[↘︎tʰá]}} || <span style="font-size:190%;">ད</span> || da || {{IPA|[dà/↗︎tʰà]}} || <span style="font-size:190%;">ན</span> || na || {{IPA|[nà]}} |- | <span style="font-size:190%;">པ</span> || pa || {{IPA|[pá]}} || <span style="font-size:190%;">ཕ</span> || pha || {{IPA|[↘︎pʰá]}} || <span style="font-size:190%;">བ</span> || ba || {{IPA|[bà/↗︎pʰà]}} || <span style="font-size:190%;">མ</span> || ma || {{IPA|[mà]}} |- | <span style="font-size:190%;">ཙ</span> || tsa || {{IPA|[tsá]}} || <span style="font-size:190%;">ཚ</span> || tsha || {{IPA|[↘︎tsʰá]}} || <span style="font-size:190%;">ཛ</span> || dza || {{IPA|[dzà/↗︎tsʰà]}} || <span style="font-size:190%;">ཝ</span> || wa || {{IPA|[wà]}} |- | <span style="font-size:190%;">ཞ</span> || zha || {{IPA|[ʑà/↗︎ɕà]}} || <span style="font-size:190%;">ཟ</span> || za || {{IPA|[zà/↗︎sà]}} || <span style="font-size:190%;">འ</span> || 'a || {{IPA|[ɦà/↗︎ʔà]}} || <span style="font-size:190%;">ཡ</span> || ya || {{IPA|[jà]}} |- | <span style="font-size:190%;">ར</span> || ra || {{IPA|[rà]}} || <span style="font-size:190%;">ལ</span> || la || {{IPA|[là]}} || <span style="font-size:190%;">ཤ</span> || sha || {{IPA|[↘︎ɕá]}} || <span style="font-size:190%;">ས</span> || sa || {{IPA|[↘︎sá]}} |- | <span style="font-size:190%;">ཧ</span> || ha || {{IPA|[há]}} || <span style="font-size:190%;">ཨ</span> || a || {{IPA|[↘︎ʔá]}} |} == Vowels == The four vowel marks in Wylie are transliterated as: {| cellpadding="8" style="font-size: x-large; font-family: Jomolhari, Kailash, 'Tibetan Machine Uni';" |- |ཨི &nbsp;i ||ཨུ &nbsp;u ||ཨེ &nbsp;e ||ཨོ &nbsp;o |} When a syllable doesn't have a written vowel, the letter 'a' is used to show the default vowel "a." == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Romanization]] ah0awsblhqdiib5lbqfywf6pnvxiiie 0 1074505 10369441 9286466 2025-07-03T11:30:55Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 batch RFD 10369441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rfd|no notability expressed. Sources are either databases like Discogs, lyrics sites, or an interview with the band; nothing that established notability through secondary sources.|group=|request=Brainbombs songs and EPs|year=}} {{Infobox song|name=Blackout Ripper|type=single|artist=[[Brainbombs]]|B-side="Hello from Hell"|released=2023|genre={{hlist|[[Noise rock]]|[[Garage punk (fusion genre)|garage punk]]}}|length=4:52|label=[[Skrammel Records]]|chronology=|prev_title=Stinking Memory|prev_year=2007}} '''Blackout Ripper''' is a single released by Swedish noise rock band [[Brainbombs]]. The single was released by [[Skrammel Records]] in 2023. It was the first 7" the band has released in around 15 years.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brainbombs Singles and EPs|url=https://www.discogs.com/artist/165871-Brainbombs?superFilter=Releases&subFilter=Singles+%26+EPs|access-date=2024-01-05|website=Discogs}}</ref> The album art includes a picture of [[Gordon Cummins]] on the cover,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brainbombs - Blackout Ripper|url=https://www.discogs.com/release/28583713-Brainbombs-Blackout-Ripper|access-date=2024-01-05|website=Discogs}}</ref> who was also called the Blackout Ripper.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Blackout ripper: A serial killer in wartime London|url=https://www.crimeandinvestigation.co.uk/article/the-blackout-ripper-a-serial-killer-in-wartime-london|access-date=2024-01-05|website=Crime + Investigation UK|language=en}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Category:Rock albums]] [[Category:Brainbombs songs]] 7jhbl5z6bbgf19eyh0uyy1qjdv61j9t 0 1077058 10368901 10360240 2025-07-03T03:56:19Z 2600:4040:12CE:F300:7D3D:1E57:68BD:5682 Austen recently was on a show stating that he’s 5’6” not 5’9” or 5’10” 10368901 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Austen Kroll''' (born June 16, 1987) is an American television personality and businessman. He is best known as a main cast member on the [[Bravo (American TV network)|Bravo]] [[reality television]] series ''[[Southern Charm]]''. {{Infobox person | name = Austen Kroll | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|06|16}} | birth_place = [[Washington, D.C.]], U.S. | nationality = [[Americans|American]] | alma_mater = [[University of Alabama]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]]) | occupation = Television personality • businessman 5’6 | years_active = 2017–present | television = {{plainlist| * ''[[Southern Charm]]'' * ''[[Summer House (2017 TV series)|Summer House]]'' * ''[[Winter House (2021 TV series)|Winter House]]'' }} }} Kroll is also known as a guest cast member on the Bravo reality television series ''[[Summer House (2017 TV series)|Summer House]]'' and as a former main cast member on the spin-off ''[[Winter House (2021 TV series)|Winter House]].'' == Early life == Austen Kroll was born in [[Washington, D.C.]] on June 16, 1987,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Austen Kroll News|url=https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrities/austen-kroll/|access-date=January 16, 2024|website=Us Weekly|language=en-US}}</ref> as the middle child and only son to Tom Kroll and Wendy Kroll.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Feiner|first=Abby|date=October 20, 2023|title=Austen Kroll Shares an Update on His Parents' New House After Their "Very Emotional" Move|url=https://www.bravotv.com/southern-charm/style-living/austen-krolls-parents-house-in-south-carolina-photos-new-details|access-date=January 16, 2024|website=Bravo TV Official Site|language=en-US}}</ref> He has a younger sister.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Crist|first=Allison|date=December 21, 2023|title=Here's the Advice Austen Kroll's Sister Gave Him About the Taylor Ann Green and Olivia Flowers Drama|url=https://www.bravotv.com/the-daily-dish/austen-krolls-sister-katie-gives-advice-on-taylor-olivia|access-date=January 16, 2024|website=Bravo TV Official Site|language=en}}</ref> Kroll's elder sister, Kyle A. Kroll, died on August 18, 1994, at the age of nine, after she fell approximately 200 feet from a cliff while on a family [[Hiking|hike]] at [[Chimney Rock State Park|Chimney Rock Park]] in [[North Carolina]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=August 20, 1994|title=9-year-old dies in fall at Chimney Rock|url=https://www.goupstate.com/story/news/1994/08/20/9-year-old-dies-in-fall-at-chimney-rock/20812020007/|access-date=January 16, 2024|website=Spartanburg Herald Journal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Poteat|first=Bill|date=October 14, 2017|title=New Chimney Rock trail restores access to falls|url=https://www.gastongazette.com/story/news/2017/10/14/new-chimney-rock-trail-restores-access-to-falls/18293664007/|access-date=January 16, 2024|website=Gaston Gazette|language=en-US}}</ref> He spoke about his sisters death on an episode of ''[[Southern Charm]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 15, 2017|title=Ep 8: Sari, Not Sari|url=https://www.bravotv.com/southern-charm/season-4/ep-8-sari-not-sari|access-date=January 16, 2024|website=Bravo TV Official Site|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Vena|first=Jocelyn|date=August 3, 2018|title=Austen Kroll Gets Real About Opening Up About the Passing of His Sister on Southern Charm|url=https://www.bravotv.com/the-daily-dish/austen-kroll-on-opening-up-about-the-passing-of-his-sister-southern-charm|access-date=January 16, 2024|website=Bravo TV Official Site|language=en-US}}</ref> === Education === Kroll graduated from the [[University of Alabama]] with his [[Bachelor of Science]] degree in business administration and management in 2010. He was a member of the [[Kappa Sigma]] [[fraternity]]. He spent a semester studying in [[Prague]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Berg|first=Jenny|date=May 1, 2019|title=Where Did the Southern Charm Cast Go to College?|url=https://www.bravotv.com/southern-charm/personal-space/where-did-the-southern-charm-cast-go-to-college|access-date=January 16, 2024|website=Bravo TV Official Site|language=en}}</ref> == Career == Kroll previously worked as a territory sales manager at Red Hare Brewing Company and as a cellar man at Palmetto Brewing Company.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lipsitz|first=Jordana|date=April 2, 2017|title=What Is Austen From 'Southern Charm's Job? The Star Has An Envy-Inducing Career|url=https://www.bustle.com/p/what-is-austen-from-southern-charms-job-the-star-has-envy-inducing-career-48532|access-date=January 16, 2024|website=Bustle|language=en}}</ref> === Television === Kroll made his television debut on the [[Bravo (American TV network)|Bravo]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=February 16, 2017|title=Austen Kroll|url=https://www.bravotv.com/people/austen-kroll|access-date=January 16, 2024|website=Bravo TV Official Site|language=en-US}}</ref> [[reality television]] series ''[[Southern Charm]]'' as a [[Casting (performing arts)|main]] cast member from the fourth season.<ref>{{Cite web|date=January 11, 2024|title=Austen Kroll|url=https://www.bravotv.com/style-living/cast/austen-kroll|access-date=January 16, 2024|website=Bravo TV Official Site - Style & Living|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=January 16, 2024|title=Austen Kroll|url=https://www.bravotv.com/the-daily-dish/cast/austen-kroll|access-date=January 16, 2024|website=Bravo TV Official Site - The Daily Dish|language=en-US}}</ref> The fourth season was launched on April 3, 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|date=March 30, 2017|title=Ep 1: While the Kat's Away|url=https://www.bravotv.com/southern-charm/season-4/ep-1-while-the-kats-away|access-date=January 20, 2024|website=Bravo TV Official Site|language=en-US}}</ref> Kroll has appeared on ''[[Summer House (2017 TV series)|Summer House]]'' in a [[Guest appearance|guest]] capacity since the fourth season.<ref name=":1" /> The fourth season was launched on February 5, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=February 3, 2020|title=The Big Bang|url=https://www.bravotv.com/summer-house/season-4/ep-1-the-big-bang|access-date=January 20, 2024|website=Bravo TV Official Site|language=en-US}}</ref> Kroll appeared as a main cast member on a [[Spin-off (media)|spin-off]] from ''Summer House'', ''[[Winter House (2021 TV series)|Winter House]]'', for the first two seasons.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Guglielmi|first=Jodi|date=February 19, 2021|title=New Bravo Series 'Winter House' in the Works Featuring Stars from 'Summer House' and 'Southern Charm'|url=https://people.com/tv/new-bravo-series-winter-house-heading-into-production-vermont/|access-date=January 16, 2024|website=People|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=September 8, 2021|title=Your First Look at Winter House|url=https://www.bravotv.com/winter-house/season-1/videos/your-first-look-at-winter-house|access-date=January 20, 2024|website=Bravo TV Official Site|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Barton|first=April|date=October 7, 2021|title=Stowe is the backdrop for 'snowy shenanigans' in new reality TV series 'Winter House'|url=https://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/story/news/2021/10/07/winter-house-bravo-tv-details-premiere-cast-location-stowe-vermont-property/6032674001/|access-date=January 16, 2024|website=Burlington Free Press|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=September 15, 2022|title=Your First Look at Winter House Season 2|url=https://www.bravotv.com/winter-house/season-2/videos/your-first-look-at-winter-house-season-2|access-date=January 20, 2024|website=Bravo TV Official Site|language=en-US}}</ref> The first season was launched on October 20, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 11, 2021|title=Winter Should Be Fun!|url=https://www.bravotv.com/winter-house/season-1/episode-1/winter-should-be-fun|access-date=January 20, 2024|website=Bravo TV Official Site|language=en-US}}</ref> The second season was launched on October 13, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 14, 2022|title=And Stowe It Begins|url=https://www.bravotv.com/winter-house/season-2/episode-1/and-stowe-it-begins|access-date=January 20, 2024|website=Bravo TV Official Site|language=en-US}}</ref> === Beverages === Kroll launched his [[beer]] Trop Hop with King's Calling Brewing Co. on July 26, 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Berg|first=Jenny|date=October 25, 2019|title=Austen Kroll Announces Plans to Open a Brick and Mortar Beer Tasting Room|url=https://www.bravotv.com/southern-charm/the-feast/austen-kroll-to-open-trop-hop-beer-tasting-room-in-charleston|access-date=January 16, 2024|website=Bravo TV Official Site|language=en-US}}</ref> He launched two new flavors at the end of 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Feiner|first=Abby|date=May 19, 2022|title=Austen Kroll Shares an Exciting Update on Trop Hop|url=https://www.bravotv.com/southern-charm/style-living/austen-kroll-shares-an-exciting-update-on-trop-hop|access-date=January 16, 2024|website=Bravo TV Official Site|language=en-US}}</ref> === Podcast === Kroll and Conover launched their Pillows and Beer [[podcast]] on January 28, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Macke|first=Johnni|date=October 13, 2023|title=Southern Charm's Austen Kroll, Craig Conover's Ups and Downs|url=https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/pictures/southern-charms-austen-kroll-craig-conovers-ups-and-downs/|access-date=January 16, 2024|website=Us Weekly|language=en-US}}</ref> They toured from November 7, 2023, to February 1, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tour|url=https://www.pillowsandbeer.com/pages/tour|access-date=January 16, 2024|website=Pillows and Beer|language=en}}</ref> === Restaurants === Kroll partnered with his ''Southern Charm'' co-star [[Craig Conover]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Feiner|first=Abby|date=August 11, 2022|title=Austen Kroll & Craig Conover Are "Super Excited" About a "New Venture" in NYC|url=https://www.bravotv.com/southern-charm/style-living/austen-kroll-craig-conover-announce-carriage-house-nyc|access-date=January 16, 2024|website=Bravo TV Official Site|language=en-US}}</ref> Chris Maier, Philip Testa, and Jordan Andino<ref>{{Cite web|last=Espinoza|first=Joshua|date=March 23, 2023|title=We Have an Exciting Update on Austen and Craig's Restaurant Venture|url=https://www.bravotv.com/southern-charm/style-living/craig-conover-austen-krolls-restaurant-carriage-house-opening-date|access-date=January 16, 2024|website=Bravo TV Official Site|language=en}}</ref> as co-owners of Carriage House,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Carriage House|url=https://www.chnyc.com/|access-date=January 16, 2024|website=Carriage House|language=en-US}}</ref> in [[New York City]]. The restaurant opened on March 29, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Robinson|first=Cynthia|date=September 22, 2023|title=Craig Conover Just Made a Bold Claim About His Carriage House Restaurant in NYC|url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/craig-conover-just-made-bold-161736081.html|access-date=January 16, 2024|website=Yahoo Entertainment|language=en-US}}</ref> Kroll and Conover partnered with Uptown Hospitality Group as co-owners of By the Way.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sanders|first=Brice|date=January 19, 2024|title=Craig Conover and Austen Kroll Set to Open New Bar (Exclusive)|url=https://www.etonline.com/southern-charms-craig-conover-and-austen-kroll-set-to-open-new-bar-concept-in-charleston-exclusive|access-date=January 20, 2024|website=Entertainment Tonight|language=en-US}}</ref> == Personal life == Kroll resides in downtown [[Charleston, South Carolina|Charleston]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Feiner|first=Abby|date=June 17, 2021|title=Austen Kroll Has a New House in Charleston: Get the Details|url=https://www.bravotv.com/southern-charm/style-living/austen-kroll-new-charleston-house-details|access-date=January 16, 2024|website=Bravo TV Official Site|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Hickman|first=Jamontae|date=October 20, 2023|title=Where Do the Southern Charm Cast Members Live? Get the Details on Their Stunning Homes|url=https://www.bravotv.com/southern-charm/style-living/southern-charm-homes-where-the-cast-lives-in-charleston|access-date=January 16, 2024|website=Bravo TV Official Site|language=en-US}}</ref> == Filmography == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Title !Notes !Ref. |- |2017–present |''[[Southern Charm]]'' |81 episodes |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Austen Kroll|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm10339233/|access-date=January 16, 2024|website=IMDb|language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2018–2023 |''[[Watch What Happens Live with Andy Cohen|Watch What Happens Live! with Andy Cohen]]'' |9 episodes |<ref name=":0" /> |- |2020–2022 |''[[Summer House (2017 TV series)|Summer House]]'' |6 episodes |<ref name=":0" /> |- |2021–2022 |''[[Winter House (2021 TV series)|Winter House]]'' |14 episodes |<ref name=":0" /> |} == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kroll, Austen}} [[Category:1987 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American television personalities]] 5nz6hva2h91u778te19bexklobeg38i 0 1077382 10367870 9755821 2025-07-02T16:20:19Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C US-EN 10367870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Italic title}} '''''Aaron Stone''''' is a science fiction action-adventure television series. It was created by Bruce Kalish. It premiered on February 13, 2009. It was produced in conjunction with Canadian Shaftesbury Films and filmed in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. [[Category:2009 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2009 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] {{TV-stub}} i4ybbyab73qnrxg8juwtgr7pu2mmwkg 0 1077416 10368279 10356609 2025-07-02T21:19:17Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C update [[Canadian English]] spelling 10368279 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Canadian English}} {{Use Canadian English|date=July 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=July 2025}} {{Infobox television | image = Caillou logo.png | image_alt = | caption = | alt_name = | genre = {{Plainlist| * Animation * Children * [[Adventure]] }} | creator = Hélène Desputeaux<br />Christine L'Heureux | based_on = ''[[Caillou (book series)|Caillou]]'' by Hélène Desputeaux<ref name="RAAV2015">[http://www.raav.org/last-2005-caillou-agreement-made-public-0 "At last, the 2005 Caillou agreement is made public"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327161402/http://www.raav.org/last-2005-caillou-agreement-made-public-0 |date=March 27, 2016 }}. ''Regroupement des artistes en arts visuels du Québec''. Retrieved on November 2, 2015.</ref><ref name="Devoir8-10-15">{{cite news |last1=Baillargeon |first1=Stéphane |title=L'entente secrète de 2005 dévoilée |url=https://www.ledevoir.com/culture/actualites-culturelles/451948/livres-de-caillou-une-entente-secrete-datant-de-2005-a-propos |access-date=November 3, 2015 |work=Le Devoir |date=October 8, 2015 |archive-date=April 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411001640/https://www.ledevoir.com/culture/actualites-culturelles/451948/livres-de-caillou-une-entente-secrete-datant-de-2005-a-propos |url-status=live}}</ref> | developer = | writer = | director = | creative_director = | presenter = | starring = | voices = [[Bryn McAuley]] (season 1)<br />[[Jaclyn Linetsky]] (seasons 2-3)<br />[[Annie Bovaird]] (seasons 4-5)<br />Brigid Tierney (seasons 1-4)<br />Jesse Vinet (seasons 3-5)<br />Jennifer Seguin<br />Pat Fry<br />Pauline Little<br />George Morris<br />Jonathan Koensgen (seasons 1-3)<br />Ryan Tilson (season 4)<br />Graeme Jokic (season 5)<br />Sophie Uretsky (season 5)<br />Melissa Pirrera (season 1-2)<br />Amanda Tilson (seasons 3-5)<br />[[Holly Gauthier-Frankel]]<br />Ellen David | narrated = Marlee Shapiro | theme_music_composer = | opentheme = I'm Caillou by [[Bryn McAuley]] | endtheme = I'm Caillou (instrumental) | composer = Leon Aronson | country = Canada<br />South Africa <small>(season 5)</small> | language = {{Plainlist | * French * English }} | num_seasons = 5 | num_episodes = 92 (345 segments) | list_episodes = List of Caillou episodes#List of episodes | executive_producer = | producer = | editor = | location = | cinematography = | camera = | runtime = 22 minutes (4-5 5-minute segments) | company = {{Plainlist | * [[Cookie Jar Group|Cookie Jar Entertainment]] (Canada){{efn|Previously known as '''CINAR Films''' for the first season, and then later known as '''CINAR Corporation''' for the second, and third seasons.<br>Produced as '''Caillou Productions''' (S1), '''Four Me Productions''' (S2-3), '''Caillou IV Productions''' (S4), and '''Caillou V Productions''' (S5).}} * Clockwork Zoo (season 5, South Africa) }} | channel = {{Plainlist | * [[Teletoon]] (seasons 1–4) * [[Treehouse TV]] (season 5) }} | first_aired = {{Start date|1997|09|15}} | last_aired = {{End date|2011|04|17}} }} '''''Caillou''''' ({{IPAc-en|k|ɑː |j|ʊ|,_|-|j|uː|}} {{respell|kah|yuu|,_-|yoo}}; {{IPA-fr|kaju|lang}}, stylized in [[lowercase]]) is a Canadian animated educational [[children's television series]] that aired on [[Cartoon Network Canada|Teletoon]] on September 15, 1997 until September 7, 2009, it was later moved to [[Treehouse TV]], and the series finale aired on April 17, 2011. On September 4, 2000, the episode segments was set in the United States, it divided into stories and formed as compilation, also aired on [[PBS Kids]] until December 27, 2020 and the compilation finale reruns on April 15, 2013. Based on the books by Hélène Desputeaux,<ref name="RAAV2015" /><ref name="Devoir8-10-15" /> it focuses on a four-year-old boy named Caillou who is fascinated by the world around him. The series was produced in Canada by [[Cookie Jar Group|CINAR Corporation]] (later Cookie Jar Entertainment) while the fifth and final season was produced in association with the South African studio Clockwork Zoo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.animationsa.org/community/press-releases/clockwork-zoo/clockwork-zoo-begins-key-animation-caillou |title=Clockwork Zoo begins key animation on Caillou &#124; Animation SA |date=January 22, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122212054/http://www.animationsa.org/community/press-releases/clockwork-zoo/clockwork-zoo-begins-key-animation-caillou |access-date=July 18, 2021 |archive-date=January 22, 2010}}</ref> The series is being followed by a computer-animated reboot series since February 15, 2024, set to premiere on [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]] with 50 11-minute episodes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WILDBRAIN AND PEACOCK PARTNER ON CAILLOU FOR NEW CG-ANIMATED SERIES AND FIVE FAMILY SPECIALS |url=https://www.wildbrain.com/newsreleases/wildbrain-and-peacock-partner-on-caillou-for-new-cg-animated-series-and-five-family-specials/ |access-date=2023-05-04 |website=WildBrain |language=en-US}}</ref> The series received initial positive reviews from critics and audiences. Contrarily, in the years following its release, the series saw a more negative reception and sparked backlash regarding its themes and writing. ==Plot== Caillou lives in [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], with his mother Doris, father Boris, and sister Rosie. He has many adventures with his family and friends, and uses his imagination in every episode. On [[PBS Kids]], each episode in first through third series has a theme and is divided into several short sections that mix animation, puppet skits, and video of [[live-action]] children in real-life situations. Between seasons 4 and 6, the episodes are divided into three short sections, the puppet segment was dropped, alongside the "Real Kids" version of the segment. During the first season, many of the stories in the animated version began with a grandmother (who is also the series narrator) introducing the story to her grandchildren, then reading the story from a book. Starting in the second season, the narrator and grandmother is an unseen character. ==Characters== ===Major characters=== <!-- Keep the characters' sections brief. Every minor detail about the characters does not need to be included, as this is not the Caillou Wikia. --> ====Caillou==== Caillou (voiced by [[Bryn McAuley]] in 1997, then [[Jaclyn Linetsky]] in 2000 until 2002, and then, due to Linetsky's death, [[Annie Bovaird]] from 2003 to 2011) meaning ''pebble'' or ''stone'' in [[French language|French]], (nicknamed by himself The Prince of Imagination),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://shop.pbskids.org/caillou-stars-red-trick-or-treat-bag |website=PBSkids.org |title=Caillou & Stars Red Trick-Or-Treat Bag |quote=Caillou is surrounded by stars on a personalized swag bag that's ready for Halloween treats. The Prince of Imagination is here to make it a Happy Halloween! |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170506063946/http://shop.pbskids.org/caillou-stars-red-trick-or-treat-bag |archive-date=May 6, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> is the title character of the show. Caillou was first shown in the episode "Caillou Makes Cookies", which aired on September 15, 1997. Caillou is an imaginative four-year-old<ref name="About" /> boy with a love for forms of transportive machinery such as rocket ships and airplanes. A dreamer, Caillou is inclined to frequent dream sequences in some episodes, visualizing his daydreams and wishes, and many episodes describe his normal daily experiences with his parents, friends, and neighbours. Caillou particularly loves his stuffed dinosaur, Rexy, and [[teddy bear]], Teddy, along with his pet cat Gilbert, all of whom are depicted as puppets in segments featured in the earlier episodes. He is Boris and Doris's son as well as Rosie's older brother. ====Caillou's family==== * Rosie (French name: ''Mousseline'') – Caillou's lively younger sister and Boris and Doris's daughter who is a typical toddler. She is two years old.<ref name="About">{{cite web |title=About |url=https://en.caillou.com/about |website=Caillou.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331072935/https://en.caillou.com/about |archive-date=March 31, 2016 |quote=Meet Caillou, the lovable four-year old<br />Meet Caillou's little sister, Rosie! At 2 years old, Rosie is a giggly little girl who loves to play tricks on her big brother.<br />Meet Caillou's Mom, Doris! Although some know her in the workplace as Doris, she's known as Mommy in Caillou's household.<br />Meet Caillou's Dad, Boris!<br />Meet Caillou's Grandpa! Grandpa always takes Caillou on fun adventures – like fishing, riding the bus through town and camping! He is Caillou's Daddy's father}}</ref> She always wants to take part in the same activities as Caillou. In later seasons of the series, she becomes more talkative and independent. She wears a blue dress, red socks and blue Mary Jane shoes. Rosie fights with Caillou for some reasons, but they still love each other. She appears to be the only family member with orange hair. Rosie was first voiced by Brigid Tierney from 1997 to 2001, then Jesse Vinet from 2002 to 2011. * Doris<ref name="About" />/Mommy – Caillou and Rosie's mother as well as Boris's wife and Grandma and Grandpa's daughter-in-law. She is a busy homemaker most of the time but is seen to work in an office, as well. Caillou occasionally helps his mother with different chores, and she often takes time to involve Caillou and his friends in activities such as crafts and baking. She is predominantly dressed in a red blouse with white trim, blue headband, ankle-length blue jeans and blue shoes with green soles. Voiced by Jennifer Seguin. * Boris<ref name="About" />/Daddy – Caillou and Rosie's father as well as Doris's husband. He wears a green sweater with a red trim with blue jeans. In the episode "Caillou The Chef" he says he once worked at a restaurant and made pizza.<ref name="Caillou the Chef">''Caillou'' Episode – "Caillou the Chef" (Season 4)</ref> He and Caillou occasionally work on projects around the house together. He is voiced by Pat Fry. * Gilbert – Caillou's pet cat. In the puppet segments, he is shown to be knowledgeable about things which are foreign to Rexy and Teddy. * Grandma – Caillou and Rosie's paternal grandmother as well as Doris's mother-in-law. Grandma is a very active lady who loves the arts and the outdoors. She passes that love onto Caillou. Grandma often comes up with creative ideas to solve Caillou's problems. She and Caillou paint and go bird-watching together. Voiced by Pauline Little. * Grandpa – Caillou and Rosie's paternal<ref name="About" /> grandfather as well as Doris's father-in-law. He takes Caillou on adventures, often going on walks and riding the bus throughout the town where they reside. In the 1997 episode "Caillou's Hiding Place", he showed Caillou a hidden area inside a tree in the backyard.<ref name="Caillou's Hiding Place">''Caillou'' Episode – "Caillou's Hiding Place"</ref> In the 1997 episode "Caillou Goes Camping", he and Caillou camp in the backyard. He is Daddy's father and loves to tell stories about when Caillou's father was a little boy. He wears a blue shirt. Voiced by George Morris. ====Caillou's friends and neighbours==== * Mr. Hinkle (French name: ''Monsieur Lajoie'') – Caillou's neighbour, introduced in the 1997 episode "Caillou's Not Afraid Anymore". He has a gold tooth. In the episode "Farmer for the Day", it is stated that his first name is Paul. * Leo – A boy who started out as a bully in the 1997 episode "Caillou at Daycare", but quickly befriended Caillou in the same episode. They have been inseparable since. He is of Jewish faith and celebrates Hanukkah (stated in ''Caillou's Holiday Movie''). Voiced by Jonathan Koensgen from 1997 to 2003, Vince Davies in ''Caillou's Holiday Movie'', Ryan Tilson from 2006 until 2007, and Graeme Jokic from 2010 until 2011. * Clementine – Clementine was the first to befriend Caillou in the 1997 episode "Caillou at Daycare". She can get rather bossy for some reasons, but all in all she is pretty understanding. She is of African-Canadian descent. Caillou has a crush on her, as indicated in "Caillou's Valentines" (season 4, episode 19). She is voiced by Brigid Tierney from 1997 to 2007, and Sophie Uretsky from 2010 until 2011. * Sarah – Caillou's friend, whom he first met in the 1997 episode "Caillou Goes Around the Block". She is of Chinese descent and celebrates Chinese New Year. She has a cousin in an episode where she invites Caillou to celebrate Chinese New Year. In another she invites him to school for "Bring Your Younger Siblings to School Day" because she has no siblings. Sarah has a pet cat named Olly and a dog named Murphy. Sarah is voiced by Melissa Pirrera, and then Amanda Tilson. * André – A orange-headed boy, André is introduced in the 1997 episode "Caillou's Big Friend" and usually wears red sandals. According to the song "Days of the Week", released on the Caillou music CD ''Caillou and Friends'', Caillou plays with him every Saturday. André enjoys biking and soccer. * Julie – Caillou's and Rosie's teenage babysitter. She has blonde hair in a ponytail, and enjoys playing with Caillou and Rosie. Voiced by [[Holly Gauthier-Frankel]]. * Jason and Jeffrey – Identical twin brothers who are of Hispanic descent. They both enjoy eating pizza. Initially, they wore identical clothes. By Season 4, though, Jason began wearing a shirt with inverted colours so it's easier to tell them apart. They are both in Caillou's playschool class. The first episode they appeared in "New Kids on the Block". * Billy – Clementine's older brother. He is usually seen playing in a band with his friends or playing sports. Voiced by Michael Caloz in Season 1. * Miss Martin – Caillou's preschool teacher. She has orange hair and wears red overalls with a long-sleeved white shirt. According to the 2006 episode "A Surprise for Ms. Martin" her birthday is in June. Her first name is Ann; this was stated in "Caillou Goes to Daycare". Voiced by Ellen David. * Jonas – Boris friend from before he met Doris. He lives on a ranch and has a horse named Lucky. Jonas appears in four episodes and in ''Caillou's Holiday Movie''. Voiced by Brian Wrench. * Emma – A girl in Caillou's playschool class who dislikes loud noises, wearing red.<ref name="Caillou's Marching Band">''Caillou'' Episode – "Caillou's Marching Band"</ref> It is stated in an episode that she has Type 1 Diabetes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ket.org/tvschedules/episode.php?nola=CAIU++000516 |title=Caillou – Caillou's Discoveries |publisher=KET |access-date=March 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203054418/http://www.ket.org/tvschedules/episode.php?nola=CAIU++000516 |archive-date=December 3, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * Xavier – A boy in Caillou's playschool class who has brown hair and wears blue overalls. ====The puppets==== The puppet segments were used only on the [[PBS Kids]] broadcasts of ''Caillou'' from 2000 to 2003 between the first and third seasons, as continuity to fill time usually taken up by commercial breaks during the original broadcasts; later episodes on PBS did not include the puppet segment continuity. * Gilbert – Caillou's pet cat. He has greyish-bluish fur with black stripes and loathes dogs with a passion. He especially dislikes the bulldog in the neighbourhood. In the puppet segments of the series, Gilbert often consists odes. Puppeteered by Bob Stutt. * Rexy – Caillou's blue toy dinosaur and speaks in a somewhat foreign accent, he is very playful. Rexy has the incapability to give a "good" hug. Rexy is noted for being rather pedantic. He is often teased about his speech impediment, and tends to react violently to any mention of it. Puppeteered by Pier Parquette and voiced by [[Rick Jones (voice actor)|Rick Jones]]. * Teddy – An old teddy bear that once belonged to Caillou's father, and now belongs to Caillou, Teddy is reasonable and nice. He is somewhat pessimistic, but all in all, he just needs a hug. Puppeteered by Frank Meschkuleit. * Deedee – A brown squirrel, she has a bushy tail, and is often seen playing with Rexy. Deedee first appeared as a baby squirrel when Rexy found on the ground lost from her family. Deedee lives in Caillou's backyard where most of the puppet segments take place. She never appeared in Season 3. Puppeteered by Wendy Welch and voiced by [[Holly Gauthier-Frankel]]. ==Episodes== ===Original series=== {{main|List of Caillou episodes}} {{:List of Caillou episodes}} ===PBS series=== {{Main|List of Caillou episodes (PBS)}} {{:List of Caillou episodes (PBS)}} ==Production== ''Caillou'' books have been published by Chouette Publishing Inc. since 1987.<ref name="Baby Caillou">{{cite web |url=http://www.chouette-publishing.com/EN/caillou/history |title=Caillou - Creation |publisher=Chouette Publishing |access-date=October 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923203002/http://www.chouette-publishing.com/EN/caillou/history |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The series was originally broadcast in French in Canada, and the episodes were later translated into English. The original books were also in French, and English. ''Caillou'' was designed primarily for [[toddler]]s. It was created by child developmental psychologists. On September 15, 1997, 13 30-minute episodes (65 5-minute segments) of ''Caillou'' were aired in Canada and in selected markets worldwide, including the United States. On August 23, 2000, there were 20 30-minute episodes of the series, containing a mixture of new stories. On September 4, 2000, there were 29 30-minute episodes of the series, containing a mixture of the five-minute episodes plus new stories, songs, real kids segments and puppets. These were followed by another 11 30-minute episodes containing a mixture of the five-minute episodes plus new stories, songs, real kids segments, and puppets on October 3, 2000, another 13 30-minute episodes containing all-new stories on January 12, 2002, and another 16 30-minute episodes containing all-new stories on January 2, 2003. The film ''Caillou's Holiday Movie'' was released on October 7, 2003. On January 13, 2006, and April 1, 2006, a new set of 20 30-minute episodes finally premiered after a three-year hiatus. Caillou started attending preschool and there were new themes and a new opening. The series was renewed for a first, and second season in 2000, and a third season in 2003,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Caillou Back for Season Two |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/caillou-back-for-season-two/ |last=Ball |first=Ryan |date=February 10, 2003 |website=Animation Magazine |language=en-US |access-date=May 24, 2020 |archive-date=May 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521184509/https://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/caillou-back-for-season-two/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and later a fourth season in 2006, and a fifth season in 2013. The fifth season was animated by South Africa-based studio Clockwork Zoo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100122212054/http://www.animationsa.org/community/press-releases/clockwork-zoo/clockwork-zoo-begins-key-animation-caillou] "Clockwork Zoo begins key animation on Caillou | Animation SA"</ref> On November 14, 2012, the fourth season of the series was pre-sold to [[PBS Kids]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kidscreen.com/2012/11/14/dhx-media-sells-fourth-season-of-caillou-to-pbs-kids/ |work=KidScreen |title=DHX Media sells fourth season of Caillou to PBS Kids |access-date=January 22, 2013 |archive-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627233919/https://kidscreen.com/2012/11/14/dhx-media-sells-fourth-season-of-caillou-to-pbs-kids/ |url-status=live}}</ref> ==Reception== ===Critical response=== ''Caillou'' initially received generally positive reviews from television critics and parents of young children. The staff of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' wrote that its protagonist "embellish[es] everything he sees with his rich imagination."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/08/01/caillou/ |title=Caillou |last=EW Staff |date=August 1, 2012 |website=EW.com |language=EN |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415075610/https://ew.com/article/2012/08/01/caillou/ |archive-date=April 15, 2020 |access-date=March 17, 2020}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' wrote "''Caillou'' looks at the world through the eyes of its 4-year-old namesake [and] takes life's not-always-so-simple lessons and presents them in a way preschoolers can understand."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/07/tv/for-young-viewers-sharing-the-small-stuff.html |title=FOR YOUNG VIEWERS; Sharing the Small Stuff |date=October 7, 2001 |work=The New York Times |access-date=March 17, 2020 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=April 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415081456/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/07/tv/for-young-viewers-sharing-the-small-stuff.html |url-status=live}}</ref> while Lynne Heffley of the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that "each animated episode is an unusually realistic reflection of a preschooler's daily fun, family interaction, challenges, disappointments and misunderstandings as Caillou grows and learns to make sense of his world", also describing it as "a virtual guidebook for parents and caregivers".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-sep-04-ca-15135-story.html |title=Kids' Series Give Gentle Life Lessons Television Review |last=Heffley |first=Lynne |date=September 4, 2000 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322041601/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-sep-04-ca-15135-story.html |archive-date=March 22, 2020 |access-date=March 22, 2020}}</ref> ====Controversy==== As the years progressed, however, the show drew criticism for the perceived incorrectness of the lessons gleaned through numerous events, mostly from the first season, as well as some episodes from the second season and third season. In a ''[[National Post]]'' column, writer Tristin Hopper identified ''Caillou'' to be "quite possibly the world's most universally reviled children's program". A common criticism towards the series is that the titular character behaves like a spoiled child and suffers no consequences from his parents for his behaviour.<ref name="NationalPost">{{cite news |last=Hopper |first=Tristin |date=May 1, 2017 |title=Caillou is an aggressively bad show ruining the world's children... and it's all Canada's fault |journal=[[National Post]] |publisher=[[Postmedia Network]] |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/analysis-caillou-is-an-aggressively-bad-show-ruining-the-worlds-children-and-its-all-canadas-fault |access-date=January 7, 2021}}</ref> One example of Caillou's bad behaviour is in the episode ''Caillou Joins the Circus'', in which he throws a tantrum after discovering the postponement of a planned circus event. Another episode, ''Big Brother Caillou'', features Caillou being jealous of the level of attention received by his baby sister Rosie to the point where he pinches her; most considered this to be a minor improvement over the original book the episode was based on, in which Caillou bit Rosie. When the series started airing on [[Cartoonito]] in 2021, the pinching scene was cut out. Hopper once said: "Unlike most children's programming, Caillou makes almost no attempt to educate its young audience. There are no veiled math problems, spelling lessons or morality tales; it's just calm, non-threatening, bright-coloured people navigating everyday tasks". These criticisms of the series's titular character have been echoed on online platforms.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/this-is-how-much-people-hate-caillou_n_58d05f98e4b0be71dcf766a9 |title=This Is How Much People Hate 'Caillou' |date=2017-04-03 |website=HuffPost |language=en |access-date=2020-04-28 |archive-date=November 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106072429/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/this-is-how-much-people-hate-caillou_n_58d05f98e4b0be71dcf766a9 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Last Week Tonight with John Oliver|''Last Week Tonight'']] host [[John Oliver]] referenced Caillou in a comparison of boring things against [[net neutrality]], going on to insult Caillou for its themes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fpbOEoRrHyU&ab_channel=LastWeekTonight |title=Net Neutrality: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver |website=[[YouTube]] |language=en-US |access-date=2022-09-25 |archive-date=September 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925194210/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fpbOEoRrHyU&ab_channel=LastWeekTonight |url-status=live}}</ref> As Caillou appeared as a much younger child in the original line of children's books, he originally had no hair.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://screenrant.com/why-doesnt-caillou-have-hair-explained/ |title=Why Doesn't Caillou Have Hair - Why He's Always Remained Bald - Screen Rant |website=[[Screen Rant]] |date=April 18, 2022 |access-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628204238/https://screenrant.com/why-doesnt-caillou-have-hair-explained/ |url-status=live}}</ref> When illustrators found that adding hair made him look unrecognizable, it was decided that Caillou would never have hair.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Public Broadcasting Service |title=FAQ |website=[[PBS]] |url=https://www.pbs.org/parents/caillou/faq.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826103455/https://www.pbs.org/parents/caillou/faq.html |archive-date=26 August 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="chouettebald">{{cite web |url=http://www.chouette-publishing.com/EN/why-caillou-bald |author=Chouette |publisher=Chouette |title=Why is Caillou bald? |access-date=October 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923203004/http://www.chouette-publishing.com/EN/why-caillou-bald |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> This decision led to an [[internet meme]] asserting that the protagonist has [[cancer]] or pediatric alopecia.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/12/08/why-is-caillou-bald_n_8748996.html |title=Why Is Caillou Bald? |date=2015-12-08 |website=HuffPost Canada |language=en |access-date=2020-04-28 |archive-date=November 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107142916/https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/12/08/why-is-caillou-bald_n_8748996.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The series' parody of the series, this titular character has a whiny spoiled brat is worse than Dora Winifred Read and Muffy Crosswire from ''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]''. ==Broadcast== ''Caillou'' first aired on Canada's French-language [[Télétoon]] channel on September 15, 1997, and was the first series aired on the English-language [[Cartoon Network Canada|Teletoon]] when it launched on October 17 of that year.<ref name="5ecaillou">{{cite web|title=CORPORATION CINAR CÉLÈBRE LE 5e ANNIVERSAIRE DE CAILLOU À LA TÉLÉVISION|url=http://www.cinar.com/pdfdocument/091702/5ecaillou.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030314145722/http://www.cinar.com/pdfdocument/091702/5ecaillou.pdf|archive-date=March 14, 2003|access-date=December 22, 2013}}</ref> The series was moved to Treehouse TV in 2010. ''Caillou'' made its U.S. debut on [[PBS Kids]] on September 4, 2000, and ran on that network until December 27, 2020. Reruns started airing on PBS Kids Sprout (later known as simply Sprout) on its launch on September 26, 2005. While Sprout rebranded into [[Universal Kids]] on September 9, 2017, the show remained on the channel until it was taken off the line-up at the beginning of April 2019. On January 5, 2021, PBS Kids announced on Twitter that they would no longer broadcast reruns of ''Caillou''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Madden Toby|first=Mekeisha|date=January 5, 2021|title=Caillou Cancelled at PBS Kids (as Parents Everywhere Rejoice)|url=https://tvline.com/2021/01/05/caillou-cancelled-pbs-kids/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106135148/https://tvline.com/2021/01/05/caillou-cancelled-pbs-kids/|archive-date=January 6, 2021|access-date=January 5, 2021|website=[[TVLine]]}}</ref> ''[[Deadline Hollywood]]'' reported that many parents and viewers celebrated the news of the cancellation, as they have complained that ''Caillou'' had taught their kids bad lessons and encouraged them to be bratty and whiny.<ref>{{cite web|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=January 6, 2021|title=''Caillou'' Canceled By PBS & Parents Couldn't Be Happier|url=https://deadline.com/2021/01/caillou-canceled-pbs-parents-happier-1234665631/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127015153/https://deadline.com/2021/01/caillou-canceled-pbs-parents-happier-1234665631/|archive-date=January 27, 2023|access-date=January 27, 2023|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> On August 16, 2021, it was announced that [[Cartoon Network]] had acquired the U.S.-broadcast rights to the series after PBS' rights expired, with reruns of the series airing on [[Cartoonito (American programming block)|Cartoonito]] from September 13, 2021 to May 4, 2022 in its HD remastered form.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Stalcup|first=Jamie|date=August 16, 2021|title=WarnerMedia Sets Cartoonito Launch Date & Slate|url=https://worldscreen.com/tvkids/warnermedia-sets-cartoonito-launch-date-slate/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816131416/https://worldscreen.com/tvkids/warnermedia-sets-cartoonito-launch-date-slate/|archive-date=August 16, 2021|access-date=August 16, 2021|website=TVKIDS|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release |date=August 16, 2021 |title=WarnerMedia Kids & Family Sets Sept. 13 for Cartoonito Preschool Block on HBO Max and Cartoon Network |url=https://pressroom.warnermedia.com/us/media-release/cartoon-network-9/warnermedia-kids-family-sets-sept-13-cartoonito-preschool-block-hbo-max-and-cartoon |url-status=live |access-date=September 10, 2021 |website= |publisher=[[WarnerMedia]] |archive-date=September 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910235433/https://pressroom.warnermedia.com/us/media-release/cartoon-network-9/warnermedia-kids-family-sets-sept-13-cartoonito-preschool-block-hbo-max-and-cartoon}}</ref> PBS ultimately sold the rights for [[US$]]6.4&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web|title=2021 PBS Financial Report|url=https://d1qbemlbhjecig.cloudfront.net/prod/filer_public/pbsabout-bento-live-pbs/Financial%20Reports/61a46ac10f_FY%202021%20Audited%20PBS%20Consolidated%20FS.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112035145/https://d1qbemlbhjecig.cloudfront.net/prod/filer_public/pbsabout-bento-live-pbs/Financial%20Reports/61a46ac10f_FY%202021%20Audited%20PBS%20Consolidated%20FS.pdf|archive-date=November 12, 2022|access-date=2022-11-11|website=PBS.org|page=16}}</ref> In Canada, [[Family Jr.]] continues to broadcast reruns since February 5, 2018. PBS Kids currently retains the physical media and streaming rights for the original series. [[Comcast]]/[[NBCUniversal]] acquired global streaming rights for the reboot series (via [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]]) as of 2022. == Home video releases == In the United States, Caillou videocassettes and DVDs have been released by PBS Distribution (originally distributed through [[Warner Home Video]] until 2004, and then Paramount Home Entertainment from 2006 to 2010, and now self-distributed). From 2003 to 2006, the DVDs with puppets and [[Jaclyn Linetsky]] were compilations from 2003 through 2006, and one of them is in memory of Linetsky herself. For the franchise's 25th anniversary, a DVD/book combo pack reissue of ''Caillou's Family Favourites'' was released on October 14, 2014, by PBS Distribution,<ref name="combo">{{cite web|last=Zahn|first=James|date=September 4, 2014|title=25th Anniversary of Caillou: CAILLOU's FAMILY FAVORITES DVD/Book Combo Pack due in October...|url=http://www.therockfather.com/news-and-reviews/movie-and-tv/item/2790-25th-anniversary-of-caillou-caillous-family-favorites-dvd-book-combo-pack-due-in-october|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021144017/http://www.therockfather.com/news-and-reviews/movie-and-tv/item/2790-25th-anniversary-of-caillou-caillous-family-favorites-dvd-book-combo-pack-due-in-october|archive-date=October 21, 2014|access-date=October 25, 2014}}</ref> while a [[DVD]] reissue of ''Caillou's Holiday Movie'' was released on November 11, 2014 by NCircle Entertainment.<ref name="holidaymovie">{{cite web|title=''Caillou's Holiday Movie'' – NCircle Entertainment|url=https://www.amazon.com/Caillous-Holiday-Movie-Caillou/dp/B00K0MM4KM|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018175231/http://www.amazon.com/Caillous-Holiday-Movie-Caillou/dp/B00K0MM4KM|archive-date=October 18, 2014|access-date=October 25, 2014|website=Amazon}}</ref> In Canada, Sony Wonder originally released Caillou on VHS and DVD, and after the closure of the division by Sony, were moved to Vivendi Entertainment Canada. Since 2012, Caillou DVDs are distributed by [[Entertainment One]] and after their purchase of Phase 4 Films in 2015, are released through the KaBoom Entertainment label. ==Music from the series== In 2003, an album titled ''Caillou's Favourite Songs'' was released by [[Kid Rhino]] under the [[Cinar|Cinar Music]] imprint.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/caillous-favorite-songs-mw0000020714 |title=Caillou's Favorite Songs - Caillou - Songs, Reviews, Credits - AllMusic |website=AllMusic |access-date=September 26, 2016 |archive-date=October 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013230510/http://www.allmusic.com/album/caillous-favorite-songs-mw0000020714 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==Revival== ===YouTube series=== Beginning in late 2016, a new ''Caillou'' web series for YouTube premiered on the official Caillou channel and was later released onto [[Amazon Prime Instant Video|Amazon Prime]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Caillou's New Adventures {{!}} Prime Video | work=amazon.com | access-date=January 22, 2021 | url=https://www.amazon.com/Caillous-New-Adventures/dp/B075SJTJQ3 | archive-date=May 21, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521184508/https://www.amazon.com/Caillous-New-Adventures/dp/B075SJTJQ3 | url-status=live }}</ref> These shorts are mainly remakes of older episodes and are produced by WildBrain Spark Studios, a subsidiary of WildBrain that produces original content for their [[WildBrain Spark]] network. However, the videos were not made available to YouTube users in the United States until 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8XvIF6dDmUtE3cHtvTPANX678A4qScr7 |title=New Caillou Webisodes &#124; Animated Cartoons for Kids |publisher=YouTube |access-date=January 23, 2021 |archive-date=May 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521184506/https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8XvIF6dDmUtE3cHtvTPANX678A4qScr7 |url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2021, it was announced that Cartoon Network licensed the series for broadcast on U.S. television.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://investors.wildbrain.com/2021-09-14-WildBrain-Reports-Q4-and-Full-Year-2021-Results |title=WildBrain Reports Q4 and Full Year 2021 Results |website=Investors - WildBrain |accessdate=September 16, 2021 |archive-date=September 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916030022/https://investors.wildbrain.com/2021-09-14-WildBrain-Reports-Q4-and-Full-Year-2021-Results |url-status=live}}</ref> ===Reboot and specials=== In September 2021, WildBrain announced the production of five new 45-minute specials based on the franchise for [[Family Jr.]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.skwigly.co.uk/wildbrain-television-family-animation/ |title=New family animation for WildBrain Television gets greenlit |date=September 2021 |access-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707022117/https://www.skwigly.co.uk/wildbrain-television-family-animation/ |url-status=live}}</ref> These specials are the first ''Caillou'' related media to be produced in computer animation, and will focus on Christmas, Halloween, Family Day, Summer Vacation and National Anti-Bullying Day. The specials will be produced by WildBrain Studios, Splash Entertainment, and Mainframe Studios, with animation provided by [[WildBrain Studios#IoM Media Ventures|IoM Media Ventures]].<ref name="animationmagazine.net">{{cite web |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/streaming/peacock-slates-cg-caillou-reboot-lil-stompers-the-bad-guys-streams-friday/ |title=Peacock Slates CG 'Caillou' Reboot, 'L'il Stompers'; 'The Bad Guys' Streams Friday |date=June 28, 2022 |access-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707220309/https://www.animationmagazine.net/streaming/peacock-slates-cg-caillou-reboot-lil-stompers-the-bad-guys-streams-friday/ |url-status=live}}</ref> In June 2022, WildBrain announced they teamed with [[Comcast]]'s [[NBCUniversal Television and Streaming|streaming platform]], [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]], to produce a new series of the show, consisting of 52 11-minute episodes to go along with those specials.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WILDBRAIN AND PEACOCK PARTNER ON CAILLOU FOR NEW CG-ANIMATED SERIES AND FIVE FAMILY SPECIALS |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/wildbrain-peacock-partner-caillou-cg-114500486.html |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=Yahoo! Finance |date=June 24, 2022 |archive-date=June 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624201640/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/wildbrain-peacock-partner-caillou-cg-114500486.html |url-status=live}}</ref> It was set to premiere in 2023, with IoM also providing animation production as the specials are. Despite the specials being released on Peacock, it is now confirmed to stream on February 15, 2024.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Swift |first1=Andy |title=Caillou Is Being Rebooted in CGI Form, Whether You Want Him Back or Not |url=https://tvline.com/2022/06/28/caillou-reboot-peacock-cgi-first-look/ |website=TVLine |access-date=June 28, 2022 |date=June 28, 2022 |archive-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628171112/https://tvline.com/2022/06/28/caillou-reboot-peacock-cgi-first-look/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The first special: ''Rosie the Giant'', which focuses on the effects of bullying, simultaneously premiered in Canada and the United States on Family Jr. and Peacock respectively on July 10, 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBr-tDDBKD8 |title=CAILLOU: ROSIE THE GIANT &#124; Trailer |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=July 13, 2022 |archive-date=July 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713132111/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBr-tDDBKD8&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=live}}</ref> The second special: ''Adventures with Grandma and Grandpa'', which focuses on Caillou visiting his grandparents for a sleepover at their beach house, premiered on Family Jr., and Peacock on August 25, 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/caillou-prepares-plunge-first-look-153041770.html |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=Aug 22, 2022 |first=Andy |last=Swift |title=Caillou Prepares to Take the Plunge in First Look at New CGI Special |access-date=September 15, 2022 |archive-date=September 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915194041/https://news.yahoo.com/caillou-prepares-plunge-first-look-153041770.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The third special: ''The Bravest Wolf Boy'', which focuses on Halloween, premiered on Family Jr., and Peacock on October 15, 2022. The four special: ''The Silver Knight'', which focuses on imaginative play, premiered on Family Jr., and Peacock on November 13, 2022. The fifth special, ''Caillou's Perfect Christmas'', which focuses on Christmas, premiered on Family Jr., and Peacock on December 2, 2022. ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{Former PBS Kids original programming}} [[Category:1990s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:1997 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:2000s American children's television series]] [[Category:2000s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:2000s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:2000 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2010s American animated television series]] [[Category:2010s American children's television series]] [[Category:2010s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:2010s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:2011 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:2013 American television series endings]] [[Category:American animated television series]] [[Category:American children's television series]] [[Category:Animated television series about children]] [[Category:Caillou]] [[Category:Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:Canadian English-language television shows]] [[Category:Children's television series about talking animals]] [[Category:French-language television programs]] [[Category:PBS Kids shows]] [[Category:Television series about families]] [[Category:Television series about friendship]] [[Category:Television series by Cookie Jar Entertainment]] qkosfbv2yzexud03olurv13u8eleff9 10368303 10368279 2025-07-02T21:46:06Z 66.68.9.226 10368303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Canadian English}} {{Use Canadian English|date=July 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=July 2025}} {{Infobox television | image = Caillou logo.png | image_alt = | caption = | alt_name = | genre = {{Plainlist| * Animation * Children * [[Adventure]] }} | creator = Hélène Desputeaux<br />Christine L'Heureux | based_on = ''[[Caillou (book series)|Caillou]]'' by Hélène Desputeaux<ref name="RAAV2015">[http://www.raav.org/last-2005-caillou-agreement-made-public-0 "At last, the 2005 Caillou agreement is made public"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327161402/http://www.raav.org/last-2005-caillou-agreement-made-public-0 |date=March 27, 2016 }}. ''Regroupement des artistes en arts visuels du Québec''. Retrieved on November 2, 2015.</ref><ref name="Devoir8-10-15">{{cite news |last1=Baillargeon |first1=Stéphane |title=L'entente secrète de 2005 dévoilée |url=https://www.ledevoir.com/culture/actualites-culturelles/451948/livres-de-caillou-une-entente-secrete-datant-de-2005-a-propos |access-date=November 3, 2015 |work=Le Devoir |date=October 8, 2015 |archive-date=April 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411001640/https://www.ledevoir.com/culture/actualites-culturelles/451948/livres-de-caillou-une-entente-secrete-datant-de-2005-a-propos |url-status=live}}</ref> | developer = | writer = | director = | creative_director = | presenter = | starring = | voices = [[Bryn McAuley]] (season 1)<br />[[Jaclyn Linetsky]] (seasons 2-3)<br />[[Annie Bovaird]] (seasons 4-5)<br />Brigid Tierney (seasons 1-4)<br />Jesse Vinet (seasons 3-5)<br />Jennifer Seguin<br />Pat Fry<br />Pauline Little<br />George Morris<br />Jonathan Koensgen (seasons 1-3)<br />Ryan Tilson (season 4)<br />Graeme Jokic (season 5)<br />Sophie Uretsky (season 5)<br />Melissa Pirrera (season 1-2)<br />Amanda Tilson (seasons 3-5)<br />[[Holly Gauthier-Frankel]]<br />Ellen David | narrated = Merlee Shapiro | theme_music_composer = | opentheme = I'm Caillou by [[Bryn McAuley]] | endtheme = I'm Caillou (instrumental) | composer = Leon Aronson | country = Canada<br />South Africa <small>(season 5)</small> | language = {{Plainlist | * French * English }} | num_seasons = 5 | num_episodes = 92 (345 segments) | list_episodes = List of Caillou episodes#List of episodes | executive_producer = | producer = | editor = | location = | cinematography = | camera = | runtime = 22 minutes (4-5 5-minute segments) | company = {{Plainlist | * [[Cookie Jar Group|Cookie Jar Entertainment]] (Canada){{efn|Previously known as '''CINAR Films''' for the first season, and then later known as '''CINAR Corporation''' for the second, and third seasons.<br>Produced as '''Caillou Productions''' (S1), '''Four Me Productions''' (S2-3), '''Caillou IV Productions''' (S4), and '''Caillou V Productions''' (S5).}} * Clockwork Zoo (season 5, South Africa) }} | channel = {{Plainlist | * [[Teletoon]] (seasons 1–4) * [[Treehouse TV]] (season 5) }} | first_aired = {{Start date|1997|09|15}} | last_aired = {{End date|2011|04|17}} }} '''''Caillou''''' ({{IPAc-en|k|ɑː |j|ʊ|,_|-|j|uː|}} {{respell|kah|yuu|,_-|yoo}}; {{IPA-fr|kaju|lang}}, stylized in [[lowercase]]) is a Canadian animated educational [[children's television series]] that aired on [[Cartoon Network Canada|Teletoon]] on September 15, 1997 until September 7, 2009, it was later moved to [[Treehouse TV]], and the series finale aired on April 17, 2011. On September 4, 2000, the episode segments was set in the United States, it divided into stories and formed as compilation, also aired on [[PBS Kids]] until December 27, 2020 and the compilation finale reruns on April 15, 2013. Based on the books by Hélène Desputeaux,<ref name="RAAV2015" /><ref name="Devoir8-10-15" /> it focuses on a four-year-old boy named Caillou who is fascinated by the world around him. The series was produced in Canada by [[Cookie Jar Group|CINAR]] (later Cookie Jar Entertainment) while the fifth and final season was produced in association with the South African studio Clockwork Zoo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.animationsa.org/community/press-releases/clockwork-zoo/clockwork-zoo-begins-key-animation-caillou |title=Clockwork Zoo begins key animation on Caillou &#124; Animation SA |date=January 22, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122212054/http://www.animationsa.org/community/press-releases/clockwork-zoo/clockwork-zoo-begins-key-animation-caillou |access-date=July 18, 2021 |archive-date=January 22, 2010}}</ref> The series is being followed by a computer-animated reboot series since February 15, 2024, set to premiere on [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]] with 50 11-minute episodes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WILDBRAIN AND PEACOCK PARTNER ON CAILLOU FOR NEW CG-ANIMATED SERIES AND FIVE FAMILY SPECIALS |url=https://www.wildbrain.com/newsreleases/wildbrain-and-peacock-partner-on-caillou-for-new-cg-animated-series-and-five-family-specials/ |access-date=2023-05-04 |website=WildBrain |language=en-US}}</ref> The series received initial positive reviews from critics and audiences. Contrarily, in the years following its release, the series saw a more negative reception and sparked backlash regarding its themes and writing. ==Plot== Caillou lives in [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], with his mother Doris, father Boris, and sister Rosie. He has many adventures with his family and friends, and uses his imagination in every episode. On [[PBS Kids]], each episode in first through third series has a theme and is divided into several short sections that mix animation, puppet skits, and video of [[live-action]] children in real-life situations. Between seasons 4 and 6, the episodes are divided into three short sections, the puppet segment was dropped, alongside the "Real Kids" version of the segment. During the first season, many of the stories in the animated version began with a grandmother (who is also the series narrator) introducing the story to her grandchildren, then reading the story from a book. Starting in the second season, the narrator and grandmother is an unseen character. ==Characters== ===Major characters=== <!-- Keep the characters' sections brief. Every minor detail about the characters does not need to be included, as this is not the Caillou Wikia. --> ====Caillou==== Caillou (voiced by [[Bryn McAuley]] in 1997, then [[Jaclyn Linetsky]] in 2000 until 2002, and then, due to Linetsky's death, [[Annie Bovaird]] from 2003 to 2011) meaning ''pebble'' or ''stone'' in [[French language|French]], (nicknamed by himself The Prince of Imagination),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://shop.pbskids.org/caillou-stars-red-trick-or-treat-bag |website=PBSkids.org |title=Caillou & Stars Red Trick-Or-Treat Bag |quote=Caillou is surrounded by stars on a personalized swag bag that's ready for Halloween treats. The Prince of Imagination is here to make it a Happy Halloween! |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170506063946/http://shop.pbskids.org/caillou-stars-red-trick-or-treat-bag |archive-date=May 6, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> is the title character of the show. Caillou was first shown in the episode "Caillou Makes Cookies", which aired on September 15, 1997. Caillou is an imaginative four-year-old<ref name="About" /> boy with a love for forms of transportive machinery such as rocket ships and airplanes. A dreamer, Caillou is inclined to frequent dream sequences in some episodes, visualizing his daydreams and wishes, and many episodes describe his normal daily experiences with his parents, friends, and neighbours. Caillou particularly loves his stuffed dinosaur, Rexy, and [[teddy bear]], Teddy, along with his pet cat Gilbert, all of whom are depicted as puppets in segments featured in the earlier episodes. He is Boris and Doris's son as well as Rosie's older brother. ====Caillou's family==== * Rosie (French name: ''Mousseline'') – Caillou's lively younger sister and Boris and Doris's daughter who is a typical toddler. She is two years old.<ref name="About">{{cite web |title=About |url=https://en.caillou.com/about |website=Caillou.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331072935/https://en.caillou.com/about |archive-date=March 31, 2016 |quote=Meet Caillou, the lovable four-year old<br />Meet Caillou's little sister, Rosie! At 2 years old, Rosie is a giggly little girl who loves to play tricks on her big brother.<br />Meet Caillou's Mom, Doris! Although some know her in the workplace as Doris, she's known as Mommy in Caillou's household.<br />Meet Caillou's Dad, Boris!<br />Meet Caillou's Grandpa! Grandpa always takes Caillou on fun adventures – like fishing, riding the bus through town and camping! He is Caillou's Daddy's father}}</ref> She always wants to take part in the same activities as Caillou. In later seasons of the series, she becomes more talkative and independent. She wears a blue dress, red socks and blue Mary Jane shoes. Rosie fights with Caillou for some reasons, but they still love each other. She appears to be the only family member with orange hair. Rosie was first voiced by Brigid Tierney from 1997 to 2001, then Jesse Vinet from 2002 to 2011. * Doris<ref name="About" />/Mommy – Caillou and Rosie's mother as well as Boris's wife and Grandma and Grandpa's daughter-in-law. She is a busy homemaker most of the time but is seen to work in an office, as well. Caillou occasionally helps his mother with different chores, and she often takes time to involve Caillou and his friends in activities such as crafts and baking. She is predominantly dressed in a red blouse with white trim, blue headband, ankle-length blue jeans and blue shoes with green soles. Voiced by Jennifer Seguin. * Boris<ref name="About" />/Daddy – Caillou and Rosie's father as well as Doris's husband. He wears a green sweater with a red trim with blue jeans. In the episode "Caillou The Chef" he says he once worked at a restaurant and made pizza.<ref name="Caillou the Chef">''Caillou'' Episode – "Caillou the Chef" (Season 4)</ref> He and Caillou occasionally work on projects around the house together. He is voiced by Pat Fry. * Gilbert – Caillou's pet cat. In the puppet segments, he is shown to be knowledgeable about things which are foreign to Rexy and Teddy. * Grandma – Caillou and Rosie's paternal grandmother as well as Doris's mother-in-law. Grandma is a very active lady who loves the arts and the outdoors. She passes that love onto Caillou. Grandma often comes up with creative ideas to solve Caillou's problems. She and Caillou paint and go bird-watching together. Voiced by Pauline Little. * Grandpa – Caillou and Rosie's paternal<ref name="About" /> grandfather as well as Doris's father-in-law. He takes Caillou on adventures, often going on walks and riding the bus throughout the town where they reside. In the 1997 episode "Caillou's Hiding Place", he showed Caillou a hidden area inside a tree in the backyard.<ref name="Caillou's Hiding Place">''Caillou'' Episode – "Caillou's Hiding Place"</ref> In the 1997 episode "Caillou Goes Camping", he and Caillou camp in the backyard. He is Daddy's father and loves to tell stories about when Caillou's father was a little boy. He wears a blue shirt. Voiced by George Morris. ====Caillou's friends and neighbours==== * Mr. Hinkle (French name: ''Monsieur Lajoie'') – Caillou's neighbour, introduced in the 1997 episode "Caillou's Not Afraid Anymore". He has a gold tooth. In the episode "Farmer for the Day", it is stated that his first name is Paul. * Leo – A boy who started out as a bully in the 1997 episode "Caillou at Daycare", but quickly befriended Caillou in the same episode. They have been inseparable since. He is of Jewish faith and celebrates Hanukkah (stated in ''Caillou's Holiday Movie''). Voiced by Jonathan Koensgen from 1997 to 2003, Vince Davies in ''Caillou's Holiday Movie'', Ryan Tilson from 2006 until 2007, and Graeme Jokic from 2010 until 2011. * Clementine – Clementine was the first to befriend Caillou in the 1997 episode "Caillou at Daycare". She can get rather bossy for some reasons, but all in all she is pretty understanding. She is of African-Canadian descent. Caillou has a crush on her, as indicated in "Caillou's Valentines" (season 4, episode 19). She is voiced by Brigid Tierney from 1997 to 2007, and Sophie Uretsky from 2010 until 2011. * Sarah – Caillou's friend, whom he first met in the 1997 episode "Caillou Goes Around the Block". She is of Chinese descent and celebrates Chinese New Year. She has a cousin in an episode where she invites Caillou to celebrate Chinese New Year. In another she invites him to school for "Bring Your Younger Siblings to School Day" because she has no siblings. Sarah has a pet cat named Olly and a dog named Murphy. Sarah is voiced by Melissa Pirrera, and then Amanda Tilson. * André – A orange-headed boy, André is introduced in the 1997 episode "Caillou's Big Friend" and usually wears red sandals. According to the song "Days of the Week", released on the Caillou music CD ''Caillou and Friends'', Caillou plays with him every Saturday. André enjoys biking and soccer. * Julie – Caillou's and Rosie's teenage babysitter. She has blonde hair in a ponytail, and enjoys playing with Caillou and Rosie. Voiced by [[Holly Gauthier-Frankel]]. * Jason and Jeffrey – Identical twin brothers who are of Hispanic descent. They both enjoy eating pizza. Initially, they wore identical clothes. By Season 4, though, Jason began wearing a shirt with inverted colours so it's easier to tell them apart. They are both in Caillou's playschool class. The first episode they appeared in "New Kids on the Block". * Billy – Clementine's older brother. He is usually seen playing in a band with his friends or playing sports. Voiced by Michael Caloz in Season 1. * Miss Martin – Caillou's preschool teacher. She has orange hair and wears red overalls with a long-sleeved white shirt. According to the 2006 episode "A Surprise for Ms. Martin" her birthday is in June. Her first name is Ann; this was stated in "Caillou Goes to Daycare". Voiced by Ellen David. * Jonas – Boris friend from before he met Doris. He lives on a ranch and has a horse named Lucky. Jonas appears in four episodes and in ''Caillou's Holiday Movie''. Voiced by Brian Wrench. * Emma – A girl in Caillou's playschool class who dislikes loud noises, wearing red.<ref name="Caillou's Marching Band">''Caillou'' Episode – "Caillou's Marching Band"</ref> It is stated in an episode that she has Type 1 Diabetes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ket.org/tvschedules/episode.php?nola=CAIU++000516 |title=Caillou – Caillou's Discoveries |publisher=KET |access-date=March 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203054418/http://www.ket.org/tvschedules/episode.php?nola=CAIU++000516 |archive-date=December 3, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * Xavier – A boy in Caillou's playschool class who has brown hair and wears blue overalls. ====The puppets==== The puppet segments were used only on the [[PBS Kids]] broadcasts of ''Caillou'' from 2000 to 2003 between the first and third seasons, as continuity to fill time usually taken up by commercial breaks during the original broadcasts; later episodes on PBS did not include the puppet segment continuity. * Gilbert – Caillou's pet cat. He has greyish-bluish fur with black stripes and loathes dogs with a passion. He especially dislikes the bulldog in the neighbourhood. In the puppet segments of the series, Gilbert often consists odes. Puppeteered by Bob Stutt. * Rexy – Caillou's blue toy dinosaur and speaks in a somewhat foreign accent, he is very playful. Rexy has the incapability to give a "good" hug. Rexy is noted for being rather pedantic. He is often teased about his speech impediment, and tends to react violently to any mention of it. Puppeteered by Pier Parquette and voiced by [[Rick Jones (voice actor)|Rick Jones]]. * Teddy – An old teddy bear that once belonged to Caillou's father, and now belongs to Caillou, Teddy is reasonable and nice. He is somewhat pessimistic, but all in all, he just needs a hug. Puppeteered by Frank Meschkuleit. * Deedee – A brown squirrel, she has a bushy tail, and is often seen playing with Rexy. Deedee first appeared as a baby squirrel when Rexy found on the ground lost from her family. Deedee lives in Caillou's backyard where most of the puppet segments take place. She never appeared in Season 3. Puppeteered by Wendy Welch and voiced by [[Holly Gauthier-Frankel]]. ==Episodes== ===Original series=== {{main|List of Caillou episodes}} {{:List of Caillou episodes}} ===PBS series=== {{Main|List of Caillou episodes (PBS)}} {{:List of Caillou episodes (PBS)}} ==Production== ''Caillou'' books have been published by Chouette Publishing Inc. since 1987.<ref name="Baby Caillou">{{cite web |url=http://www.chouette-publishing.com/EN/caillou/history |title=Caillou - Creation |publisher=Chouette Publishing |access-date=October 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923203002/http://www.chouette-publishing.com/EN/caillou/history |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The series was originally broadcast in French in Canada, and the episodes were later translated into English. The original books were also in French, and English. ''Caillou'' was designed primarily for [[toddler]]s. It was created by child developmental psychologists. On September 15, 1997, 13 30-minute episodes (65 5-minute segments) of ''Caillou'' were aired in Canada and in selected markets worldwide, including the United States. On August 23, 2000, there were 20 30-minute episodes of the series, containing a mixture of new stories. On September 4, 2000, there were 29 30-minute episodes of the series, containing a mixture of the five-minute episodes plus new stories, songs, real kids segments and puppets. These were followed by another 11 30-minute episodes containing a mixture of the five-minute episodes plus new stories, songs, real kids segments, and puppets on October 3, 2000, another 13 30-minute episodes containing all-new stories on January 12, 2002, and another 16 30-minute episodes containing all-new stories on January 2, 2003. The film ''Caillou's Holiday Movie'' was released on October 7, 2003. On January 13, 2006, and April 1, 2006, a new set of 20 30-minute episodes finally premiered after a three-year hiatus. Caillou started attending preschool and there were new themes and a new opening. The series was renewed for a first, and second season in 2000, and a third season in 2003,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Caillou Back for Season Two |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/caillou-back-for-season-two/ |last=Ball |first=Ryan |date=February 10, 2003 |website=Animation Magazine |language=en-US |access-date=May 24, 2020 |archive-date=May 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521184509/https://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/caillou-back-for-season-two/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and later a fourth season in 2006, and a fifth season in 2013. The fifth season was animated by South Africa-based studio Clockwork Zoo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100122212054/http://www.animationsa.org/community/press-releases/clockwork-zoo/clockwork-zoo-begins-key-animation-caillou] "Clockwork Zoo begins key animation on Caillou | Animation SA"</ref> On November 14, 2012, the fourth season of the series was pre-sold to [[PBS Kids]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kidscreen.com/2012/11/14/dhx-media-sells-fourth-season-of-caillou-to-pbs-kids/ |work=KidScreen |title=DHX Media sells fourth season of Caillou to PBS Kids |access-date=January 22, 2013 |archive-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627233919/https://kidscreen.com/2012/11/14/dhx-media-sells-fourth-season-of-caillou-to-pbs-kids/ |url-status=live}}</ref> ==Reception== ===Critical response=== ''Caillou'' initially received generally positive reviews from television critics and parents of young children. The staff of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' wrote that its protagonist "embellish[es] everything he sees with his rich imagination."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/08/01/caillou/ |title=Caillou |last=EW Staff |date=August 1, 2012 |website=EW.com |language=EN |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415075610/https://ew.com/article/2012/08/01/caillou/ |archive-date=April 15, 2020 |access-date=March 17, 2020}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' wrote "''Caillou'' looks at the world through the eyes of its 4-year-old namesake [and] takes life's not-always-so-simple lessons and presents them in a way preschoolers can understand."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/07/tv/for-young-viewers-sharing-the-small-stuff.html |title=FOR YOUNG VIEWERS; Sharing the Small Stuff |date=October 7, 2001 |work=The New York Times |access-date=March 17, 2020 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=April 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415081456/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/07/tv/for-young-viewers-sharing-the-small-stuff.html |url-status=live}}</ref> while Lynne Heffley of the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that "each animated episode is an unusually realistic reflection of a preschooler's daily fun, family interaction, challenges, disappointments and misunderstandings as Caillou grows and learns to make sense of his world", also describing it as "a virtual guidebook for parents and caregivers".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-sep-04-ca-15135-story.html |title=Kids' Series Give Gentle Life Lessons Television Review |last=Heffley |first=Lynne |date=September 4, 2000 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322041601/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-sep-04-ca-15135-story.html |archive-date=March 22, 2020 |access-date=March 22, 2020}}</ref> ====Controversy==== As the years progressed, however, the show drew criticism for the perceived incorrectness of the lessons gleaned through numerous events, mostly from the first season, as well as some episodes from the second season and third season. In a ''[[National Post]]'' column, writer Tristin Hopper identified ''Caillou'' to be "quite possibly the world's most universally reviled children's program". A common criticism towards the series is that the titular character behaves like a spoiled child and suffers no consequences from his parents for his behaviour.<ref name="NationalPost">{{cite news |last=Hopper |first=Tristin |date=May 1, 2017 |title=Caillou is an aggressively bad show ruining the world's children... and it's all Canada's fault |journal=[[National Post]] |publisher=[[Postmedia Network]] |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/analysis-caillou-is-an-aggressively-bad-show-ruining-the-worlds-children-and-its-all-canadas-fault |access-date=January 7, 2021}}</ref> One example of Caillou's bad behaviour is in the episode ''Caillou Joins the Circus'', in which he throws a tantrum after discovering the postponement of a planned circus event. Another episode, ''Big Brother Caillou'', features Caillou being jealous of the level of attention received by his baby sister Rosie to the point where he pinches her; most considered this to be a minor improvement over the original book the episode was based on, in which Caillou bit Rosie. When the series started airing on [[Cartoonito]] in 2021, the pinching scene was cut out. Hopper once said: "Unlike most children's programming, Caillou makes almost no attempt to educate its young audience. There are no veiled math problems, spelling lessons or morality tales; it's just calm, non-threatening, bright-coloured people navigating everyday tasks". These criticisms of the series's titular character have been echoed on online platforms.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/this-is-how-much-people-hate-caillou_n_58d05f98e4b0be71dcf766a9 |title=This Is How Much People Hate 'Caillou' |date=2017-04-03 |website=HuffPost |language=en |access-date=2020-04-28 |archive-date=November 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106072429/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/this-is-how-much-people-hate-caillou_n_58d05f98e4b0be71dcf766a9 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Last Week Tonight with John Oliver|''Last Week Tonight'']] host [[John Oliver]] referenced Caillou in a comparison of boring things against [[net neutrality]], going on to insult Caillou for its themes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fpbOEoRrHyU&ab_channel=LastWeekTonight |title=Net Neutrality: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver |website=[[YouTube]] |language=en-US |access-date=2022-09-25 |archive-date=September 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925194210/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fpbOEoRrHyU&ab_channel=LastWeekTonight |url-status=live}}</ref> As Caillou appeared as a much younger child in the original line of children's books, he originally had no hair.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://screenrant.com/why-doesnt-caillou-have-hair-explained/ |title=Why Doesn't Caillou Have Hair - Why He's Always Remained Bald - Screen Rant |website=[[Screen Rant]] |date=April 18, 2022 |access-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628204238/https://screenrant.com/why-doesnt-caillou-have-hair-explained/ |url-status=live}}</ref> When illustrators found that adding hair made him look unrecognizable, it was decided that Caillou would never have hair.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Public Broadcasting Service |title=FAQ |website=[[PBS]] |url=https://www.pbs.org/parents/caillou/faq.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826103455/https://www.pbs.org/parents/caillou/faq.html |archive-date=26 August 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="chouettebald">{{cite web |url=http://www.chouette-publishing.com/EN/why-caillou-bald |author=Chouette |publisher=Chouette |title=Why is Caillou bald? |access-date=October 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923203004/http://www.chouette-publishing.com/EN/why-caillou-bald |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> This decision led to an [[internet meme]] asserting that the protagonist has [[cancer]] or pediatric alopecia.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/12/08/why-is-caillou-bald_n_8748996.html |title=Why Is Caillou Bald? |date=2015-12-08 |website=HuffPost Canada |language=en |access-date=2020-04-28 |archive-date=November 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107142916/https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/12/08/why-is-caillou-bald_n_8748996.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The series' parody of the series, this titular character has a whiny spoiled brat is worse than Dora Winifred Read and Muffy Crosswire from ''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]''. ==Broadcast== ''Caillou'' first aired on Canada's French-language [[Télétoon]] channel on September 15, 1997, and was the first series aired on the English-language [[Cartoon Network Canada|Teletoon]] when it launched on October 17 of that year.<ref name="5ecaillou">{{cite web|title=CORPORATION CINAR CÉLÈBRE LE 5e ANNIVERSAIRE DE CAILLOU À LA TÉLÉVISION|url=http://www.cinar.com/pdfdocument/091702/5ecaillou.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030314145722/http://www.cinar.com/pdfdocument/091702/5ecaillou.pdf|archive-date=March 14, 2003|access-date=December 22, 2013}}</ref> The series was moved to Treehouse TV in 2010. ''Caillou'' made its U.S. debut on [[PBS Kids]] on September 4, 2000, and ran on that network until December 27, 2020. Reruns started airing on PBS Kids Sprout (later known as simply Sprout) on its launch on September 26, 2005. While Sprout rebranded into [[Universal Kids]] on September 9, 2017, the show remained on the channel until it was taken off the line-up at the beginning of April 2019. On January 5, 2021, PBS Kids announced on Twitter that they would no longer broadcast reruns of ''Caillou''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Madden Toby|first=Mekeisha|date=January 5, 2021|title=Caillou Cancelled at PBS Kids (as Parents Everywhere Rejoice)|url=https://tvline.com/2021/01/05/caillou-cancelled-pbs-kids/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106135148/https://tvline.com/2021/01/05/caillou-cancelled-pbs-kids/|archive-date=January 6, 2021|access-date=January 5, 2021|website=[[TVLine]]}}</ref> ''[[Deadline Hollywood]]'' reported that many parents and viewers celebrated the news of the cancellation, as they have complained that ''Caillou'' had taught their kids bad lessons and encouraged them to be bratty and whiny.<ref>{{cite web|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=January 6, 2021|title=''Caillou'' Canceled By PBS & Parents Couldn't Be Happier|url=https://deadline.com/2021/01/caillou-canceled-pbs-parents-happier-1234665631/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127015153/https://deadline.com/2021/01/caillou-canceled-pbs-parents-happier-1234665631/|archive-date=January 27, 2023|access-date=January 27, 2023|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> On August 16, 2021, it was announced that [[Cartoon Network]] had acquired the U.S.-broadcast rights to the series after PBS' rights expired, with reruns of the series airing on [[Cartoonito (American programming block)|Cartoonito]] from September 13, 2021 to May 4, 2022 in its HD remastered form.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Stalcup|first=Jamie|date=August 16, 2021|title=WarnerMedia Sets Cartoonito Launch Date & Slate|url=https://worldscreen.com/tvkids/warnermedia-sets-cartoonito-launch-date-slate/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816131416/https://worldscreen.com/tvkids/warnermedia-sets-cartoonito-launch-date-slate/|archive-date=August 16, 2021|access-date=August 16, 2021|website=TVKIDS|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release |date=August 16, 2021 |title=WarnerMedia Kids & Family Sets Sept. 13 for Cartoonito Preschool Block on HBO Max and Cartoon Network |url=https://pressroom.warnermedia.com/us/media-release/cartoon-network-9/warnermedia-kids-family-sets-sept-13-cartoonito-preschool-block-hbo-max-and-cartoon |url-status=live |access-date=September 10, 2021 |website= |publisher=[[WarnerMedia]] |archive-date=September 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910235433/https://pressroom.warnermedia.com/us/media-release/cartoon-network-9/warnermedia-kids-family-sets-sept-13-cartoonito-preschool-block-hbo-max-and-cartoon}}</ref> PBS ultimately sold the rights for [[US$]]6.4&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web|title=2021 PBS Financial Report|url=https://d1qbemlbhjecig.cloudfront.net/prod/filer_public/pbsabout-bento-live-pbs/Financial%20Reports/61a46ac10f_FY%202021%20Audited%20PBS%20Consolidated%20FS.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112035145/https://d1qbemlbhjecig.cloudfront.net/prod/filer_public/pbsabout-bento-live-pbs/Financial%20Reports/61a46ac10f_FY%202021%20Audited%20PBS%20Consolidated%20FS.pdf|archive-date=November 12, 2022|access-date=2022-11-11|website=PBS.org|page=16}}</ref> In Canada, [[Family Jr.]] continues to broadcast reruns since February 5, 2018. PBS Kids currently retains the physical media and streaming rights for the original series. [[Comcast]]/[[NBCUniversal]] acquired global streaming rights for the reboot series (via [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]]) as of 2022. == Home video releases == In the United States, Caillou videocassettes and DVDs have been released by PBS Distribution (originally distributed through [[Warner Home Video]] until 2004, and then Paramount Home Entertainment from 2006 to 2010, and now self-distributed). From 2003 to 2006, the DVDs with puppets and [[Jaclyn Linetsky]] were compilations from 2003 through 2006, and one of them is in memory of Linetsky herself. For the franchise's 25th anniversary, a DVD/book combo pack reissue of ''Caillou's Family Favourites'' was released on October 14, 2014, by PBS Distribution,<ref name="combo">{{cite web|last=Zahn|first=James|date=September 4, 2014|title=25th Anniversary of Caillou: CAILLOU's FAMILY FAVORITES DVD/Book Combo Pack due in October...|url=http://www.therockfather.com/news-and-reviews/movie-and-tv/item/2790-25th-anniversary-of-caillou-caillous-family-favorites-dvd-book-combo-pack-due-in-october|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021144017/http://www.therockfather.com/news-and-reviews/movie-and-tv/item/2790-25th-anniversary-of-caillou-caillous-family-favorites-dvd-book-combo-pack-due-in-october|archive-date=October 21, 2014|access-date=October 25, 2014}}</ref> while a [[DVD]] reissue of ''Caillou's Holiday Movie'' was released on November 11, 2014 by NCircle Entertainment.<ref name="holidaymovie">{{cite web|title=''Caillou's Holiday Movie'' – NCircle Entertainment|url=https://www.amazon.com/Caillous-Holiday-Movie-Caillou/dp/B00K0MM4KM|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018175231/http://www.amazon.com/Caillous-Holiday-Movie-Caillou/dp/B00K0MM4KM|archive-date=October 18, 2014|access-date=October 25, 2014|website=Amazon}}</ref> In Canada, Sony Wonder originally released Caillou on VHS and DVD, and after the closure of the division by Sony, were moved to Vivendi Entertainment Canada. Since 2012, Caillou DVDs are distributed by [[Entertainment One]] and after their purchase of Phase 4 Films in 2015, are released through the KaBoom Entertainment label. ==Music from the series== In 2003, an album titled ''Caillou's Favourite Songs'' was released by [[Kid Rhino]] under the [[Cinar|Cinar Music]] imprint.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/caillous-favorite-songs-mw0000020714 |title=Caillou's Favorite Songs - Caillou - Songs, Reviews, Credits - AllMusic |website=AllMusic |access-date=September 26, 2016 |archive-date=October 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013230510/http://www.allmusic.com/album/caillous-favorite-songs-mw0000020714 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==Revival== ===YouTube series=== Beginning in late 2016, a new ''Caillou'' web series for YouTube premiered on the official Caillou channel and was later released onto [[Amazon Prime Instant Video|Amazon Prime]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Caillou's New Adventures {{!}} Prime Video | work=amazon.com | access-date=January 22, 2021 | url=https://www.amazon.com/Caillous-New-Adventures/dp/B075SJTJQ3 | archive-date=May 21, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521184508/https://www.amazon.com/Caillous-New-Adventures/dp/B075SJTJQ3 | url-status=live }}</ref> These shorts are mainly remakes of older episodes and are produced by WildBrain Spark Studios, a subsidiary of WildBrain that produces original content for their [[WildBrain Spark]] network. However, the videos were not made available to YouTube users in the United States until 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8XvIF6dDmUtE3cHtvTPANX678A4qScr7 |title=New Caillou Webisodes &#124; Animated Cartoons for Kids |publisher=YouTube |access-date=January 23, 2021 |archive-date=May 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521184506/https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8XvIF6dDmUtE3cHtvTPANX678A4qScr7 |url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2021, it was announced that Cartoon Network licensed the series for broadcast on U.S. television.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://investors.wildbrain.com/2021-09-14-WildBrain-Reports-Q4-and-Full-Year-2021-Results |title=WildBrain Reports Q4 and Full Year 2021 Results |website=Investors - WildBrain |accessdate=September 16, 2021 |archive-date=September 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916030022/https://investors.wildbrain.com/2021-09-14-WildBrain-Reports-Q4-and-Full-Year-2021-Results |url-status=live}}</ref> ===Reboot and specials=== In September 2021, WildBrain announced the production of five new 45-minute specials based on the franchise for [[Family Jr.]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.skwigly.co.uk/wildbrain-television-family-animation/ |title=New family animation for WildBrain Television gets greenlit |date=September 2021 |access-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707022117/https://www.skwigly.co.uk/wildbrain-television-family-animation/ |url-status=live}}</ref> These specials are the first ''Caillou'' related media to be produced in computer animation, and will focus on Christmas, Halloween, Family Day, Summer Vacation and National Anti-Bullying Day. The specials will be produced by WildBrain Studios, Splash Entertainment, and Mainframe Studios, with animation provided by [[WildBrain Studios#IoM Media Ventures|IoM Media Ventures]].<ref name="animationmagazine.net">{{cite web |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/streaming/peacock-slates-cg-caillou-reboot-lil-stompers-the-bad-guys-streams-friday/ |title=Peacock Slates CG 'Caillou' Reboot, 'L'il Stompers'; 'The Bad Guys' Streams Friday |date=June 28, 2022 |access-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707220309/https://www.animationmagazine.net/streaming/peacock-slates-cg-caillou-reboot-lil-stompers-the-bad-guys-streams-friday/ |url-status=live}}</ref> In June 2022, WildBrain announced they teamed with [[Comcast]]'s [[NBCUniversal Television and Streaming|streaming platform]], [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]], to produce a new series of the show, consisting of 52 11-minute episodes to go along with those specials.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WILDBRAIN AND PEACOCK PARTNER ON CAILLOU FOR NEW CG-ANIMATED SERIES AND FIVE FAMILY SPECIALS |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/wildbrain-peacock-partner-caillou-cg-114500486.html |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=Yahoo! Finance |date=June 24, 2022 |archive-date=June 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624201640/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/wildbrain-peacock-partner-caillou-cg-114500486.html |url-status=live}}</ref> It was set to premiere in 2023, with IoM also providing animation production as the specials are. Despite the specials being released on Peacock, it is now confirmed to stream on February 15, 2024.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Swift |first1=Andy |title=Caillou Is Being Rebooted in CGI Form, Whether You Want Him Back or Not |url=https://tvline.com/2022/06/28/caillou-reboot-peacock-cgi-first-look/ |website=TVLine |access-date=June 28, 2022 |date=June 28, 2022 |archive-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628171112/https://tvline.com/2022/06/28/caillou-reboot-peacock-cgi-first-look/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The first special: ''Rosie the Giant'', which focuses on the effects of bullying, simultaneously premiered in Canada and the United States on Family Jr. and Peacock respectively on July 10, 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBr-tDDBKD8 |title=CAILLOU: ROSIE THE GIANT &#124; Trailer |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=July 13, 2022 |archive-date=July 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713132111/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBr-tDDBKD8&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=live}}</ref> The second special: ''Adventures with Grandma and Grandpa'', which focuses on Caillou visiting his grandparents for a sleepover at their beach house, premiered on Family Jr., and Peacock on August 25, 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/caillou-prepares-plunge-first-look-153041770.html |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=Aug 22, 2022 |first=Andy |last=Swift |title=Caillou Prepares to Take the Plunge in First Look at New CGI Special |access-date=September 15, 2022 |archive-date=September 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915194041/https://news.yahoo.com/caillou-prepares-plunge-first-look-153041770.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The third special: ''The Bravest Wolf Boy'', which focuses on Halloween, premiered on Family Jr., and Peacock on October 15, 2022. The four special: ''The Silver Knight'', which focuses on imaginative play, premiered on Family Jr., and Peacock on November 13, 2022. The fifth special, ''Caillou's Perfect Christmas'', which focuses on Christmas, premiered on Family Jr., and Peacock on December 2, 2022. ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{Former PBS Kids original programming}} [[Category:1990s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:1997 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:2000s American children's television series]] [[Category:2000s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:2000s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:2000 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2010s American animated television series]] [[Category:2010s American children's television series]] [[Category:2010s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:2010s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:2011 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:2013 American television series endings]] [[Category:American animated television series]] [[Category:American children's television series]] [[Category:Animated television series about children]] [[Category:Caillou]] [[Category:Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:Canadian English-language television shows]] [[Category:Children's television series about talking animals]] [[Category:French-language television programs]] [[Category:PBS Kids shows]] [[Category:Television series about families]] [[Category:Television series about friendship]] [[Category:Television series by Cookie Jar Entertainment]] iklt6j824q3ip09j7jt0ox7c815nyff 10368316 10368303 2025-07-02T21:52:06Z 66.68.9.226 10368316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Canadian English}} {{Use Canadian English|date=July 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=July 2025}} {{Infobox television | image = Caillou logo.png | image_alt = | caption = | alt_name = | genre = {{Plainlist| * Animation * Children * [[Adventure]] }} | creator = Hélène Desputeaux<br />Christine L'Heureux | based_on = ''[[Caillou (book series)|Caillou]]'' by Hélène Desputeaux<ref name="RAAV2015">[http://www.raav.org/last-2005-caillou-agreement-made-public-0 "At last, the 2005 Caillou agreement is made public"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327161402/http://www.raav.org/last-2005-caillou-agreement-made-public-0 |date=March 27, 2016 }}. ''Regroupement des artistes en arts visuels du Québec''. Retrieved on November 2, 2015.</ref><ref name="Devoir8-10-15">{{cite news |last1=Baillargeon |first1=Stéphane |title=L'entente secrète de 2005 dévoilée |url=https://www.ledevoir.com/culture/actualites-culturelles/451948/livres-de-caillou-une-entente-secrete-datant-de-2005-a-propos |access-date=November 3, 2015 |work=Le Devoir |date=October 8, 2015 |archive-date=April 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411001640/https://www.ledevoir.com/culture/actualites-culturelles/451948/livres-de-caillou-une-entente-secrete-datant-de-2005-a-propos |url-status=live}}</ref> | developer = | writer = | director = | creative_director = | presenter = | starring = | voices = [[Bryn McAuley]] (season 1)<br />[[Jaclyn Linetsky]] (seasons 2-3)<br />[[Annie Bovaird]] (seasons 4-5)<br />Brigid Tierney (seasons 1-4)<br />Jesse Vinet (seasons 3-5)<br />Jennifer Seguin<br />Pat Fry<br />Pauline Little<br />George Morris<br />Jonathan Koensgen (seasons 1-3)<br />Ryan Tilson (season 4)<br />Graeme Jokic (season 5)<br />Sophie Uretsky (season 5)<br />Melissa Pirrera (season 1-2)<br />Amanda Tilson (seasons 3-5)<br />[[Holly Gauthier-Frankel]]<br />Ellen David | narrated = Merlee Shapiro | theme_music_composer = | opentheme = I'm Caillou by [[Bryn McAuley]] | endtheme = I'm Caillou (instrumental) | composer = Leon Aronson | country = Canada<br />South Africa <small>(season 5)</small> | language = {{Plainlist | * French * English }} | num_seasons = 5 | num_episodes = 92 (345 segments) | list_episodes = List of Caillou episodes#List of episodes | executive_producer = | producer = | editor = | location = | cinematography = | camera = | runtime = 25 minutes (4-5 5-minute segments) | company = {{Plainlist | * [[Cookie Jar Group|Cookie Jar Entertainment]] (Canada){{efn|Previously known as '''CINAR Films''' for the first season, and then later known as '''CINAR Corporation''' for the second, and third seasons.<br>Produced as '''Caillou Productions''' (S1), '''Four Me Productions''' (S2-3), '''Caillou IV Productions''' (S4), and '''Caillou V Productions''' (S5).}} * Clockwork Zoo (season 5, South Africa) }} | channel = {{Plainlist | * [[Teletoon]] (seasons 1–4) * [[Treehouse TV]] (season 5) }} | first_aired = {{Start date|1997|09|15}} | last_aired = {{End date|2011|04|17}} }} '''''Caillou''''' ({{IPAc-en|k|ɑː |j|ʊ|,_|-|j|uː|}} {{respell|kah|yuu|,_-|yoo}}; {{IPA-fr|kaju|lang}}, stylized in [[lowercase]]) is a Canadian animated educational [[children's television series]] that aired on [[Cartoon Network Canada|Teletoon]] on September 15, 1997 until September 7, 2009, it was later moved to [[Treehouse TV]], and the series finale aired on April 17, 2011. On September 4, 2000, the episode segments was set in the United States, it divided into stories and formed as compilation, also aired on [[PBS Kids]] until December 27, 2020 and the compilation finale reruns on April 15, 2013. Based on the books by Hélène Desputeaux,<ref name="RAAV2015" /><ref name="Devoir8-10-15" /> it focuses on a four-year-old boy named Caillou who is fascinated by the world around him. The series was produced in Canada by [[Cookie Jar Group|CINAR]] (later Cookie Jar Entertainment) while the fifth and final season was produced in association with the South African studio Clockwork Zoo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.animationsa.org/community/press-releases/clockwork-zoo/clockwork-zoo-begins-key-animation-caillou |title=Clockwork Zoo begins key animation on Caillou &#124; Animation SA |date=January 22, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122212054/http://www.animationsa.org/community/press-releases/clockwork-zoo/clockwork-zoo-begins-key-animation-caillou |access-date=July 18, 2021 |archive-date=January 22, 2010}}</ref> The series is being followed by a computer-animated reboot series since February 15, 2024, set to premiere on [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]] with 50 11-minute episodes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WILDBRAIN AND PEACOCK PARTNER ON CAILLOU FOR NEW CG-ANIMATED SERIES AND FIVE FAMILY SPECIALS |url=https://www.wildbrain.com/newsreleases/wildbrain-and-peacock-partner-on-caillou-for-new-cg-animated-series-and-five-family-specials/ |access-date=2023-05-04 |website=WildBrain |language=en-US}}</ref> The series received initial positive reviews from critics and audiences. Contrarily, in the years following its release, the series saw a more negative reception and sparked backlash regarding its themes and writing. ==Plot== Caillou lives in [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], with his mother Doris, father Boris, and sister Rosie. He has many adventures with his family and friends, and uses his imagination in every episode. On [[PBS Kids]], each episode in first through third series has a theme and is divided into several short sections that mix animation, puppet skits, and video of [[live-action]] children in real-life situations. Between seasons 4 and 6, the episodes are divided into three short sections, the puppet segment was dropped, alongside the "Real Kids" version of the segment. During the first season, many of the stories in the animated version began with a grandmother (who is also the series narrator) introducing the story to her grandchildren, then reading the story from a book. Starting in the second season, the narrator and grandmother is an unseen character. ==Characters== ===Major characters=== <!-- Keep the characters' sections brief. Every minor detail about the characters does not need to be included, as this is not the Caillou Wikia. --> ====Caillou==== Caillou (voiced by [[Bryn McAuley]] in 1997 until 1998, then [[Jaclyn Linetsky]] in 2000 until 2003, and then, due to Linetsky's death, [[Annie Bovaird]] from 2003 to 2011) meaning ''pebble'' or ''stone'' in [[French language|French]], (nicknamed by himself The Prince of Imagination),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://shop.pbskids.org/caillou-stars-red-trick-or-treat-bag |website=PBSkids.org |title=Caillou & Stars Red Trick-Or-Treat Bag |quote=Caillou is surrounded by stars on a personalized swag bag that's ready for Halloween treats. The Prince of Imagination is here to make it a Happy Halloween! |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170506063946/http://shop.pbskids.org/caillou-stars-red-trick-or-treat-bag |archive-date=May 6, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> is the title character of the show. Caillou was first shown in the episode "Caillou Makes Cookies", which aired on September 15, 1997. Caillou is an imaginative four-year-old<ref name="About" /> boy with a love for forms of transportive machinery such as rocket ships and airplanes. A dreamer, Caillou is inclined to frequent dream sequences in some episodes, visualizing his daydreams and wishes, and many episodes describe his normal daily experiences with his parents, friends, and neighbours. Caillou particularly loves his stuffed dinosaur, Rexy, and [[teddy bear]], Teddy, along with his pet cat Gilbert, all of whom are depicted as puppets in segments featured in the earlier episodes. He is Boris and Doris's son as well as Rosie's older brother. ====Caillou's family==== * Rosie (French name: ''Mousseline'') – Caillou's lively younger sister and Boris and Doris's daughter who is a typical toddler. She is two years old.<ref name="About">{{cite web |title=About |url=https://en.caillou.com/about |website=Caillou.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331072935/https://en.caillou.com/about |archive-date=March 31, 2016 |quote=Meet Caillou, the lovable four-year old<br />Meet Caillou's little sister, Rosie! At 2 years old, Rosie is a giggly little girl who loves to play tricks on her big brother.<br />Meet Caillou's Mom, Doris! Although some know her in the workplace as Doris, she's known as Mommy in Caillou's household.<br />Meet Caillou's Dad, Boris!<br />Meet Caillou's Grandpa! Grandpa always takes Caillou on fun adventures – like fishing, riding the bus through town and camping! He is Caillou's Daddy's father}}</ref> She always wants to take part in the same activities as Caillou. In later seasons of the series, she becomes more talkative and independent. She wears a blue dress, red socks and blue Mary Jane shoes. Rosie fights with Caillou for some reasons, but they still love each other. She appears to be the only family member with orange hair. Rosie was first voiced by Brigid Tierney from 1997 to 2001, then Jesse Vinet from 2002 to 2011. * Doris<ref name="About" />/Mommy – Caillou and Rosie's mother as well as Boris's wife and Grandma and Grandpa's daughter-in-law. She is a busy homemaker most of the time but is seen to work in an office, as well. Caillou occasionally helps his mother with different chores, and she often takes time to involve Caillou and his friends in activities such as crafts and baking. She is predominantly dressed in a red blouse with white trim, blue headband, ankle-length blue jeans and blue shoes with green soles. Voiced by Jennifer Seguin. * Boris<ref name="About" />/Daddy – Caillou and Rosie's father as well as Doris's husband. He wears a green sweater with a red trim with blue jeans. In the episode "Caillou The Chef" he says he once worked at a restaurant and made pizza.<ref name="Caillou the Chef">''Caillou'' Episode – "Caillou the Chef" (Season 4)</ref> He and Caillou occasionally work on projects around the house together. He is voiced by Pat Fry. * Gilbert – Caillou's pet cat. In the puppet segments, he is shown to be knowledgeable about things which are foreign to Rexy and Teddy. * Grandma – Caillou and Rosie's paternal grandmother as well as Doris's mother-in-law. Grandma is a very active lady who loves the arts and the outdoors. She passes that love onto Caillou. Grandma often comes up with creative ideas to solve Caillou's problems. She and Caillou paint and go bird-watching together. Voiced by Pauline Little. * Grandpa – Caillou and Rosie's paternal<ref name="About" /> grandfather as well as Doris's father-in-law. He takes Caillou on adventures, often going on walks and riding the bus throughout the town where they reside. In the 1997 episode "Caillou's Hiding Place", he showed Caillou a hidden area inside a tree in the backyard.<ref name="Caillou's Hiding Place">''Caillou'' Episode – "Caillou's Hiding Place"</ref> In the 1997 episode "Caillou Goes Camping", he and Caillou camp in the backyard. He is Daddy's father and loves to tell stories about when Caillou's father was a little boy. He wears a blue shirt. Voiced by George Morris. ====Caillou's friends and neighbours==== * Mr. Hinkle (French name: ''Monsieur Lajoie'') – Caillou's neighbour, introduced in the 1997 episode "Caillou's Not Afraid Anymore". He has a gold tooth. In the episode "Farmer for the Day", it is stated that his first name is Paul. * Leo – A boy who started out as a bully in the 1997 episode "Caillou at Daycare", but quickly befriended Caillou in the same episode. They have been inseparable since. He is of Jewish faith and celebrates Hanukkah (stated in ''Caillou's Holiday Movie''). Voiced by Jonathan Koensgen from 1997 to 2003, Vince Davies in ''Caillou's Holiday Movie'', Ryan Tilson from 2006 until 2007, and Graeme Jokic from 2010 until 2011. * Clementine – Clementine was the first to befriend Caillou in the 1997 episode "Caillou at Daycare". She can get rather bossy for some reasons, but all in all she is pretty understanding. She is of African-Canadian descent. Caillou has a crush on her, as indicated in "Caillou's Valentines" (season 4, episode 19). She is voiced by Brigid Tierney from 1997 to 2007, and Sophie Uretsky from 2010 until 2011. * Sarah – Caillou's friend, whom he first met in the 1997 episode "Caillou Goes Around the Block". She is of Chinese descent and celebrates Chinese New Year. She has a cousin in an episode where she invites Caillou to celebrate Chinese New Year. In another she invites him to school for "Bring Your Younger Siblings to School Day" because she has no siblings. Sarah has a pet cat named Olly and a dog named Murphy. Sarah is voiced by Melissa Pirrera, and then Amanda Tilson. * André – A orange-headed boy, André is introduced in the 1997 episode "Caillou's Big Friend" and usually wears red sandals. According to the song "Days of the Week", released on the Caillou music CD ''Caillou and Friends'', Caillou plays with him every Saturday. André enjoys biking and soccer. * Julie – Caillou's and Rosie's teenage babysitter. She has blonde hair in a ponytail, and enjoys playing with Caillou and Rosie. Voiced by [[Holly Gauthier-Frankel]]. * Jason and Jeffrey – Identical twin brothers who are of Hispanic descent. They both enjoy eating pizza. Initially, they wore identical clothes. By Season 4, though, Jason began wearing a shirt with inverted colours so it's easier to tell them apart. They are both in Caillou's playschool class. The first episode they appeared in "New Kids on the Block". * Billy – Clementine's older brother. He is usually seen playing in a band with his friends or playing sports. Voiced by Michael Caloz in Season 1. * Miss Martin – Caillou's preschool teacher. She has orange hair and wears red overalls with a long-sleeved white shirt. According to the 2006 episode "A Surprise for Ms. Martin" her birthday is in June. Her first name is Ann; this was stated in "Caillou Goes to Daycare". Voiced by Ellen David. * Jonas – Boris friend from before he met Doris. He lives on a ranch and has a horse named Lucky. Jonas appears in four episodes and in ''Caillou's Holiday Movie''. Voiced by Brian Wrench. * Emma – A girl in Caillou's playschool class who dislikes loud noises, wearing red.<ref name="Caillou's Marching Band">''Caillou'' Episode – "Caillou's Marching Band"</ref> It is stated in an episode that she has Type 1 Diabetes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ket.org/tvschedules/episode.php?nola=CAIU++000516 |title=Caillou – Caillou's Discoveries |publisher=KET |access-date=March 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203054418/http://www.ket.org/tvschedules/episode.php?nola=CAIU++000516 |archive-date=December 3, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * Xavier – A boy in Caillou's playschool class who has brown hair and wears blue overalls. ====The puppets==== The puppet segments were used only on the [[PBS Kids]] broadcasts of ''Caillou'' from 2000 to 2003 between the first and third seasons, as continuity to fill time usually taken up by commercial breaks during the original broadcasts; later episodes on PBS did not include the puppet segment continuity. * Gilbert – Caillou's pet cat. He has greyish-bluish fur with black stripes and loathes dogs with a passion. He especially dislikes the bulldog in the neighbourhood. In the puppet segments of the series, Gilbert often consists odes. Puppeteered by Bob Stutt. * Rexy – Caillou's blue toy dinosaur and speaks in a somewhat foreign accent, he is very playful. Rexy has the incapability to give a "good" hug. Rexy is noted for being rather pedantic. He is often teased about his speech impediment, and tends to react violently to any mention of it. Puppeteered by Pier Parquette and voiced by [[Rick Jones (voice actor)|Rick Jones]]. * Teddy – An old teddy bear that once belonged to Caillou's father, and now belongs to Caillou, Teddy is reasonable and nice. He is somewhat pessimistic, but all in all, he just needs a hug. Puppeteered by Frank Meschkuleit. * Deedee – A brown squirrel, she has a bushy tail, and is often seen playing with Rexy. Deedee first appeared as a baby squirrel when Rexy found on the ground lost from her family. Deedee lives in Caillou's backyard where most of the puppet segments take place. She never appeared in Season 3. Puppeteered by Wendy Welch and voiced by [[Holly Gauthier-Frankel]]. ==Episodes== ===Original series=== {{main|List of Caillou episodes}} {{:List of Caillou episodes}} ===PBS series=== {{Main|List of Caillou episodes (PBS)}} {{:List of Caillou episodes (PBS)}} ==Production== ''Caillou'' books have been published by Chouette Publishing Inc. since 1987.<ref name="Baby Caillou">{{cite web |url=http://www.chouette-publishing.com/EN/caillou/history |title=Caillou - Creation |publisher=Chouette Publishing |access-date=October 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923203002/http://www.chouette-publishing.com/EN/caillou/history |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The series was originally broadcast in French in Canada, and the episodes were later translated into English. The original books were also in French, and English. ''Caillou'' was designed primarily for [[toddler]]s. It was created by child developmental psychologists. On September 15, 1997, 13 30-minute episodes (65 5-minute segments) of ''Caillou'' were aired in Canada and in selected markets worldwide, including the United States. On August 23, 2000, there were 20 30-minute episodes of the series, containing a mixture of new stories. On September 4, 2000, there were 29 30-minute episodes of the series, containing a mixture of the five-minute episodes plus new stories, songs, real kids segments and puppets. These were followed by another 11 30-minute episodes containing a mixture of the five-minute episodes plus new stories, songs, real kids segments, and puppets on October 3, 2000, another 13 30-minute episodes containing all-new stories on January 12, 2002, and another 16 30-minute episodes containing all-new stories on January 2, 2003. The film ''Caillou's Holiday Movie'' was released on October 7, 2003. On January 13, 2006, and April 1, 2006, a new set of 20 30-minute episodes finally premiered after a three-year hiatus. Caillou started attending preschool and there were new themes and a new opening. The series was renewed for a first, and second season in 2000, and a third season in 2003,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Caillou Back for Season Two |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/caillou-back-for-season-two/ |last=Ball |first=Ryan |date=February 10, 2003 |website=Animation Magazine |language=en-US |access-date=May 24, 2020 |archive-date=May 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521184509/https://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/caillou-back-for-season-two/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and later a fourth season in 2006, and a fifth season in 2013. The fifth season was animated by South Africa-based studio Clockwork Zoo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100122212054/http://www.animationsa.org/community/press-releases/clockwork-zoo/clockwork-zoo-begins-key-animation-caillou] "Clockwork Zoo begins key animation on Caillou | Animation SA"</ref> On November 14, 2012, the fourth season of the series was pre-sold to [[PBS Kids]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kidscreen.com/2012/11/14/dhx-media-sells-fourth-season-of-caillou-to-pbs-kids/ |work=KidScreen |title=DHX Media sells fourth season of Caillou to PBS Kids |access-date=January 22, 2013 |archive-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627233919/https://kidscreen.com/2012/11/14/dhx-media-sells-fourth-season-of-caillou-to-pbs-kids/ |url-status=live}}</ref> ==Reception== ===Critical response=== ''Caillou'' initially received generally positive reviews from television critics and parents of young children. The staff of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' wrote that its protagonist "embellish[es] everything he sees with his rich imagination."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/08/01/caillou/ |title=Caillou |last=EW Staff |date=August 1, 2012 |website=EW.com |language=EN |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415075610/https://ew.com/article/2012/08/01/caillou/ |archive-date=April 15, 2020 |access-date=March 17, 2020}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' wrote "''Caillou'' looks at the world through the eyes of its 4-year-old namesake [and] takes life's not-always-so-simple lessons and presents them in a way preschoolers can understand."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/07/tv/for-young-viewers-sharing-the-small-stuff.html |title=FOR YOUNG VIEWERS; Sharing the Small Stuff |date=October 7, 2001 |work=The New York Times |access-date=March 17, 2020 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=April 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415081456/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/07/tv/for-young-viewers-sharing-the-small-stuff.html |url-status=live}}</ref> while Lynne Heffley of the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that "each animated episode is an unusually realistic reflection of a preschooler's daily fun, family interaction, challenges, disappointments and misunderstandings as Caillou grows and learns to make sense of his world", also describing it as "a virtual guidebook for parents and caregivers".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-sep-04-ca-15135-story.html |title=Kids' Series Give Gentle Life Lessons Television Review |last=Heffley |first=Lynne |date=September 4, 2000 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322041601/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-sep-04-ca-15135-story.html |archive-date=March 22, 2020 |access-date=March 22, 2020}}</ref> ====Controversy==== As the years progressed, however, the show drew criticism for the perceived incorrectness of the lessons gleaned through numerous events, mostly from the first season, as well as some episodes from the second season and third season. In a ''[[National Post]]'' column, writer Tristin Hopper identified ''Caillou'' to be "quite possibly the world's most universally reviled children's program". A common criticism towards the series is that the titular character behaves like a spoiled child and suffers no consequences from his parents for his behaviour.<ref name="NationalPost">{{cite news |last=Hopper |first=Tristin |date=May 1, 2017 |title=Caillou is an aggressively bad show ruining the world's children... and it's all Canada's fault |journal=[[National Post]] |publisher=[[Postmedia Network]] |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/analysis-caillou-is-an-aggressively-bad-show-ruining-the-worlds-children-and-its-all-canadas-fault |access-date=January 7, 2021}}</ref> One example of Caillou's bad behaviour is in the episode ''Caillou Joins the Circus'', in which he throws a tantrum after discovering the postponement of a planned circus event. Another episode, ''Big Brother Caillou'', features Caillou being jealous of the level of attention received by his baby sister Rosie to the point where he pinches her; most considered this to be a minor improvement over the original book the episode was based on, in which Caillou bit Rosie. When the series started airing on [[Cartoonito]] in 2021, the pinching scene was cut out. Hopper once said: "Unlike most children's programming, Caillou makes almost no attempt to educate its young audience. There are no veiled math problems, spelling lessons or morality tales; it's just calm, non-threatening, bright-coloured people navigating everyday tasks". These criticisms of the series's titular character have been echoed on online platforms.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/this-is-how-much-people-hate-caillou_n_58d05f98e4b0be71dcf766a9 |title=This Is How Much People Hate 'Caillou' |date=2017-04-03 |website=HuffPost |language=en |access-date=2020-04-28 |archive-date=November 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106072429/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/this-is-how-much-people-hate-caillou_n_58d05f98e4b0be71dcf766a9 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Last Week Tonight with John Oliver|''Last Week Tonight'']] host [[John Oliver]] referenced Caillou in a comparison of boring things against [[net neutrality]], going on to insult Caillou for its themes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fpbOEoRrHyU&ab_channel=LastWeekTonight |title=Net Neutrality: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver |website=[[YouTube]] |language=en-US |access-date=2022-09-25 |archive-date=September 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925194210/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fpbOEoRrHyU&ab_channel=LastWeekTonight |url-status=live}}</ref> As Caillou appeared as a much younger child in the original line of children's books, he originally had no hair.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://screenrant.com/why-doesnt-caillou-have-hair-explained/ |title=Why Doesn't Caillou Have Hair - Why He's Always Remained Bald - Screen Rant |website=[[Screen Rant]] |date=April 18, 2022 |access-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628204238/https://screenrant.com/why-doesnt-caillou-have-hair-explained/ |url-status=live}}</ref> When illustrators found that adding hair made him look unrecognizable, it was decided that Caillou would never have hair.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Public Broadcasting Service |title=FAQ |website=[[PBS]] |url=https://www.pbs.org/parents/caillou/faq.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826103455/https://www.pbs.org/parents/caillou/faq.html |archive-date=26 August 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="chouettebald">{{cite web |url=http://www.chouette-publishing.com/EN/why-caillou-bald |author=Chouette |publisher=Chouette |title=Why is Caillou bald? |access-date=October 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923203004/http://www.chouette-publishing.com/EN/why-caillou-bald |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> This decision led to an [[internet meme]] asserting that the protagonist has [[cancer]] or pediatric alopecia.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/12/08/why-is-caillou-bald_n_8748996.html |title=Why Is Caillou Bald? |date=2015-12-08 |website=HuffPost Canada |language=en |access-date=2020-04-28 |archive-date=November 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107142916/https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/12/08/why-is-caillou-bald_n_8748996.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The series' parody of the series, this titular character has a whiny spoiled brat is worse than Dora Winifred Read and Muffy Crosswire from ''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]''. ==Broadcast== ''Caillou'' first aired on Canada's French-language [[Télétoon]] channel on September 15, 1997, and was the first series aired on the English-language [[Cartoon Network Canada|Teletoon]] when it launched on October 17 of that year.<ref name="5ecaillou">{{cite web|title=CORPORATION CINAR CÉLÈBRE LE 5e ANNIVERSAIRE DE CAILLOU À LA TÉLÉVISION|url=http://www.cinar.com/pdfdocument/091702/5ecaillou.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030314145722/http://www.cinar.com/pdfdocument/091702/5ecaillou.pdf|archive-date=March 14, 2003|access-date=December 22, 2013}}</ref> The series was moved to Treehouse TV in 2010. ''Caillou'' made its U.S. debut on [[PBS Kids]] on September 4, 2000, and ran on that network until December 27, 2020. Reruns started airing on PBS Kids Sprout (later known as simply Sprout) on its launch on September 26, 2005. While Sprout rebranded into [[Universal Kids]] on September 9, 2017, the show remained on the channel until it was taken off the line-up at the beginning of April 2019. On January 5, 2021, PBS Kids announced on Twitter that they would no longer broadcast reruns of ''Caillou''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Madden Toby|first=Mekeisha|date=January 5, 2021|title=Caillou Cancelled at PBS Kids (as Parents Everywhere Rejoice)|url=https://tvline.com/2021/01/05/caillou-cancelled-pbs-kids/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106135148/https://tvline.com/2021/01/05/caillou-cancelled-pbs-kids/|archive-date=January 6, 2021|access-date=January 5, 2021|website=[[TVLine]]}}</ref> ''[[Deadline Hollywood]]'' reported that many parents and viewers celebrated the news of the cancellation, as they have complained that ''Caillou'' had taught their kids bad lessons and encouraged them to be bratty and whiny.<ref>{{cite web|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=January 6, 2021|title=''Caillou'' Canceled By PBS & Parents Couldn't Be Happier|url=https://deadline.com/2021/01/caillou-canceled-pbs-parents-happier-1234665631/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127015153/https://deadline.com/2021/01/caillou-canceled-pbs-parents-happier-1234665631/|archive-date=January 27, 2023|access-date=January 27, 2023|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> On August 16, 2021, it was announced that [[Cartoon Network]] had acquired the U.S.-broadcast rights to the series after PBS' rights expired, with reruns of the series airing on [[Cartoonito (American programming block)|Cartoonito]] from September 13, 2021 to May 4, 2022 in its HD remastered form.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Stalcup|first=Jamie|date=August 16, 2021|title=WarnerMedia Sets Cartoonito Launch Date & Slate|url=https://worldscreen.com/tvkids/warnermedia-sets-cartoonito-launch-date-slate/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816131416/https://worldscreen.com/tvkids/warnermedia-sets-cartoonito-launch-date-slate/|archive-date=August 16, 2021|access-date=August 16, 2021|website=TVKIDS|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release |date=August 16, 2021 |title=WarnerMedia Kids & Family Sets Sept. 13 for Cartoonito Preschool Block on HBO Max and Cartoon Network |url=https://pressroom.warnermedia.com/us/media-release/cartoon-network-9/warnermedia-kids-family-sets-sept-13-cartoonito-preschool-block-hbo-max-and-cartoon |url-status=live |access-date=September 10, 2021 |website= |publisher=[[WarnerMedia]] |archive-date=September 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910235433/https://pressroom.warnermedia.com/us/media-release/cartoon-network-9/warnermedia-kids-family-sets-sept-13-cartoonito-preschool-block-hbo-max-and-cartoon}}</ref> PBS ultimately sold the rights for [[US$]]6.4&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web|title=2021 PBS Financial Report|url=https://d1qbemlbhjecig.cloudfront.net/prod/filer_public/pbsabout-bento-live-pbs/Financial%20Reports/61a46ac10f_FY%202021%20Audited%20PBS%20Consolidated%20FS.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112035145/https://d1qbemlbhjecig.cloudfront.net/prod/filer_public/pbsabout-bento-live-pbs/Financial%20Reports/61a46ac10f_FY%202021%20Audited%20PBS%20Consolidated%20FS.pdf|archive-date=November 12, 2022|access-date=2022-11-11|website=PBS.org|page=16}}</ref> In Canada, [[Family Jr.]] continues to broadcast reruns since February 5, 2018. PBS Kids currently retains the physical media and streaming rights for the original series. [[Comcast]]/[[NBCUniversal]] acquired global streaming rights for the reboot series (via [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]]) as of 2022. == Home video releases == In the United States, Caillou videocassettes and DVDs have been released by PBS Distribution (originally distributed through [[Warner Home Video]] until 2004, and then Paramount Home Entertainment from 2006 to 2010, and now self-distributed). From 2003 to 2006, the DVDs with puppets and [[Jaclyn Linetsky]] were compilations from 2003 through 2006, and one of them is in memory of Linetsky herself. For the franchise's 25th anniversary, a DVD/book combo pack reissue of ''Caillou's Family Favourites'' was released on October 14, 2014, by PBS Distribution,<ref name="combo">{{cite web|last=Zahn|first=James|date=September 4, 2014|title=25th Anniversary of Caillou: CAILLOU's FAMILY FAVORITES DVD/Book Combo Pack due in October...|url=http://www.therockfather.com/news-and-reviews/movie-and-tv/item/2790-25th-anniversary-of-caillou-caillous-family-favorites-dvd-book-combo-pack-due-in-october|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021144017/http://www.therockfather.com/news-and-reviews/movie-and-tv/item/2790-25th-anniversary-of-caillou-caillous-family-favorites-dvd-book-combo-pack-due-in-october|archive-date=October 21, 2014|access-date=October 25, 2014}}</ref> while a [[DVD]] reissue of ''Caillou's Holiday Movie'' was released on November 11, 2014 by NCircle Entertainment.<ref name="holidaymovie">{{cite web|title=''Caillou's Holiday Movie'' – NCircle Entertainment|url=https://www.amazon.com/Caillous-Holiday-Movie-Caillou/dp/B00K0MM4KM|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018175231/http://www.amazon.com/Caillous-Holiday-Movie-Caillou/dp/B00K0MM4KM|archive-date=October 18, 2014|access-date=October 25, 2014|website=Amazon}}</ref> In Canada, Sony Wonder originally released Caillou on VHS and DVD, and after the closure of the division by Sony, were moved to Vivendi Entertainment Canada. Since 2012, Caillou DVDs are distributed by [[Entertainment One]] and after their purchase of Phase 4 Films in 2015, are released through the KaBoom Entertainment label. ==Music from the series== In 2003, an album titled ''Caillou's Favourite Songs'' was released by [[Kid Rhino]] under the [[Cinar|Cinar Music]] imprint.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/caillous-favorite-songs-mw0000020714 |title=Caillou's Favorite Songs - Caillou - Songs, Reviews, Credits - AllMusic |website=AllMusic |access-date=September 26, 2016 |archive-date=October 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013230510/http://www.allmusic.com/album/caillous-favorite-songs-mw0000020714 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==Revival== ===YouTube series=== Beginning in late 2016, a new ''Caillou'' web series for YouTube premiered on the official Caillou channel and was later released onto [[Amazon Prime Instant Video|Amazon Prime]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Caillou's New Adventures {{!}} Prime Video | work=amazon.com | access-date=January 22, 2021 | url=https://www.amazon.com/Caillous-New-Adventures/dp/B075SJTJQ3 | archive-date=May 21, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521184508/https://www.amazon.com/Caillous-New-Adventures/dp/B075SJTJQ3 | url-status=live }}</ref> These shorts are mainly remakes of older episodes and are produced by WildBrain Spark Studios, a subsidiary of WildBrain that produces original content for their [[WildBrain Spark]] network. However, the videos were not made available to YouTube users in the United States until 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8XvIF6dDmUtE3cHtvTPANX678A4qScr7 |title=New Caillou Webisodes &#124; Animated Cartoons for Kids |publisher=YouTube |access-date=January 23, 2021 |archive-date=May 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521184506/https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8XvIF6dDmUtE3cHtvTPANX678A4qScr7 |url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2021, it was announced that Cartoon Network licensed the series for broadcast on U.S. television.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://investors.wildbrain.com/2021-09-14-WildBrain-Reports-Q4-and-Full-Year-2021-Results |title=WildBrain Reports Q4 and Full Year 2021 Results |website=Investors - WildBrain |accessdate=September 16, 2021 |archive-date=September 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916030022/https://investors.wildbrain.com/2021-09-14-WildBrain-Reports-Q4-and-Full-Year-2021-Results |url-status=live}}</ref> ===Reboot and specials=== In September 2021, WildBrain announced the production of five new 45-minute specials based on the franchise for [[Family Jr.]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.skwigly.co.uk/wildbrain-television-family-animation/ |title=New family animation for WildBrain Television gets greenlit |date=September 2021 |access-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707022117/https://www.skwigly.co.uk/wildbrain-television-family-animation/ |url-status=live}}</ref> These specials are the first ''Caillou'' related media to be produced in computer animation, and will focus on Christmas, Halloween, Family Day, Summer Vacation and National Anti-Bullying Day. The specials will be produced by WildBrain Studios, Splash Entertainment, and Mainframe Studios, with animation provided by [[WildBrain Studios#IoM Media Ventures|IoM Media Ventures]].<ref name="animationmagazine.net">{{cite web |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/streaming/peacock-slates-cg-caillou-reboot-lil-stompers-the-bad-guys-streams-friday/ |title=Peacock Slates CG 'Caillou' Reboot, 'L'il Stompers'; 'The Bad Guys' Streams Friday |date=June 28, 2022 |access-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707220309/https://www.animationmagazine.net/streaming/peacock-slates-cg-caillou-reboot-lil-stompers-the-bad-guys-streams-friday/ |url-status=live}}</ref> In June 2022, WildBrain announced they teamed with [[Comcast]]'s [[NBCUniversal Television and Streaming|streaming platform]], [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]], to produce a new series of the show, consisting of 52 11-minute episodes to go along with those specials.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WILDBRAIN AND PEACOCK PARTNER ON CAILLOU FOR NEW CG-ANIMATED SERIES AND FIVE FAMILY SPECIALS |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/wildbrain-peacock-partner-caillou-cg-114500486.html |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=Yahoo! Finance |date=June 24, 2022 |archive-date=June 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624201640/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/wildbrain-peacock-partner-caillou-cg-114500486.html |url-status=live}}</ref> It was set to premiere in 2023, with IoM also providing animation production as the specials are. Despite the specials being released on Peacock, it is now confirmed to stream on February 15, 2024.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Swift |first1=Andy |title=Caillou Is Being Rebooted in CGI Form, Whether You Want Him Back or Not |url=https://tvline.com/2022/06/28/caillou-reboot-peacock-cgi-first-look/ |website=TVLine |access-date=June 28, 2022 |date=June 28, 2022 |archive-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628171112/https://tvline.com/2022/06/28/caillou-reboot-peacock-cgi-first-look/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The first special: ''Rosie the Giant'', which focuses on the effects of bullying, simultaneously premiered in Canada and the United States on Family Jr. and Peacock respectively on July 10, 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBr-tDDBKD8 |title=CAILLOU: ROSIE THE GIANT &#124; Trailer |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=July 13, 2022 |archive-date=July 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713132111/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBr-tDDBKD8&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=live}}</ref> The second special: ''Adventures with Grandma and Grandpa'', which focuses on Caillou visiting his grandparents for a sleepover at their beach house, premiered on Family Jr., and Peacock on August 25, 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/caillou-prepares-plunge-first-look-153041770.html |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=Aug 22, 2022 |first=Andy |last=Swift |title=Caillou Prepares to Take the Plunge in First Look at New CGI Special |access-date=September 15, 2022 |archive-date=September 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915194041/https://news.yahoo.com/caillou-prepares-plunge-first-look-153041770.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The third special: ''The Bravest Wolf Boy'', which focuses on Halloween, premiered on Family Jr., and Peacock on October 15, 2022. The four special: ''The Silver Knight'', which focuses on imaginative play, premiered on Family Jr., and Peacock on November 13, 2022. The fifth special, ''Caillou's Perfect Christmas'', which focuses on Christmas, premiered on Family Jr., and Peacock on December 2, 2022. ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{Former PBS Kids original programming}} [[Category:1990s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:1997 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:2000s American children's television series]] [[Category:2000s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:2000s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:2000 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2010s American animated television series]] [[Category:2010s American children's television series]] [[Category:2010s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:2010s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:2011 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:2013 American television series endings]] [[Category:American animated television series]] [[Category:American children's television series]] [[Category:Animated television series about children]] [[Category:Caillou]] [[Category:Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:Canadian English-language television shows]] [[Category:Children's television series about talking animals]] [[Category:French-language television programs]] [[Category:PBS Kids shows]] [[Category:Television series about families]] [[Category:Television series about friendship]] [[Category:Television series by Cookie Jar Entertainment]] mte4rjesmf69taunqnmnwubu47eh8hb 10368321 10368316 2025-07-02T21:54:04Z 66.68.9.226 10368321 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Canadian English}} {{Use Canadian English|date=July 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=July 2025}} {{Infobox television | image = Caillou logo.png | image_alt = | caption = | alt_name = | genre = {{Plainlist| * Animation * Children * [[Adventure]] }} | creator = Hélène Desputeaux<br />Christine L'Heureux | based_on = ''[[Caillou (book series)|Caillou]]'' by Hélène Desputeaux<ref name="RAAV2015">[http://www.raav.org/last-2005-caillou-agreement-made-public-0 "At last, the 2005 Caillou agreement is made public"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327161402/http://www.raav.org/last-2005-caillou-agreement-made-public-0 |date=March 27, 2016 }}. ''Regroupement des artistes en arts visuels du Québec''. Retrieved on November 2, 2015.</ref><ref name="Devoir8-10-15">{{cite news |last1=Baillargeon |first1=Stéphane |title=L'entente secrète de 2005 dévoilée |url=https://www.ledevoir.com/culture/actualites-culturelles/451948/livres-de-caillou-une-entente-secrete-datant-de-2005-a-propos |access-date=November 3, 2015 |work=Le Devoir |date=October 8, 2015 |archive-date=April 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411001640/https://www.ledevoir.com/culture/actualites-culturelles/451948/livres-de-caillou-une-entente-secrete-datant-de-2005-a-propos |url-status=live}}</ref> | developer = | writer = | director = | creative_director = | presenter = | starring = | voices = [[Bryn McAuley]] (season 1)<br />[[Jaclyn Linetsky]] (seasons 2-3)<br />[[Annie Bovaird]] (seasons 4-5)<br />Brigid Tierney (seasons 1-4)<br />Jesse Vinet (seasons 3-5)<br />Jennifer Seguin<br />Pat Fry<br />Pauline Little<br />George Morris<br />Jonathan Koensgen (seasons 1-3)<br />Ryan Tilson (season 4)<br />Graeme Jokic (season 5)<br />Sophie Uretsky (season 5)<br />Melissa Pirrera (season 1-2)<br />Amanda Tilson (seasons 3-5)<br />[[Holly Gauthier-Frankel]]<br />Ellen David | narrated = Merlee Shapiro | theme_music_composer = | opentheme = I'm Caillou by [[Bryn McAuley]] | endtheme = I'm Caillou (instrumental) | composer = Leon Aronson | country = Canada<br />South Africa <small>(season 5)</small> | language = {{Plainlist | * French * English }} | num_seasons = 5 | num_episodes = 92 (345 segments) | list_episodes = List of Caillou episodes#List of episodes | executive_producer = | producer = | editor = | location = | cinematography = | camera = | runtime = 25 minutes (4-5 5-minute segments) | company = {{Plainlist | * [[Cookie Jar Group|Cookie Jar Entertainment]] (Canada){{efn|Previously known as '''CINAR Films''' for the first season, and then later known as '''CINAR Corporation''' for the second, and third seasons.<br>Produced as '''Caillou Productions''' (S1), '''Four Me Productions''' (S2-3), '''Caillou IV Productions''' (S4), and '''Caillou V Productions''' (S5).}} * Clockwork Zoo (season 5, South Africa) }} | channel = {{Plainlist | * [[Teletoon]] (seasons 1–4) * [[Treehouse TV]] (season 5) }} | first_aired = {{Start date|1997|09|15}} | last_aired = {{End date|2010|10|03}} }} '''''Caillou''''' ({{IPAc-en|k|ɑː |j|ʊ|,_|-|j|uː|}} {{respell|kah|yuu|,_-|yoo}}; {{IPA-fr|kaju|lang}}, stylized in [[lowercase]]) is a Canadian animated educational [[children's television series]] that aired on [[Cartoon Network Canada|Teletoon]] on September 15, 1997 until 2009, it was later moved to [[Treehouse TV]] in 2008 until 2018, and the series finale aired on April 17, 2011. On September 4, 2000, the episode segments was set in the United States, it divided into stories and formed as compilation, also aired on [[PBS Kids]] until December 31, 2020 and the compilation finale reruns on April 5, 2013. Based on the books by Hélène Desputeaux,<ref name="RAAV2015" /><ref name="Devoir8-10-15" /> it focuses on a four-year-old boy named Caillou who is fascinated by the world around him. The series was produced in Canada by [[Cookie Jar Group|CINAR]] (later Cookie Jar Entertainment) while the fifth and final season was produced in association with the South African studio Clockwork Zoo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.animationsa.org/community/press-releases/clockwork-zoo/clockwork-zoo-begins-key-animation-caillou |title=Clockwork Zoo begins key animation on Caillou &#124; Animation SA |date=January 22, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122212054/http://www.animationsa.org/community/press-releases/clockwork-zoo/clockwork-zoo-begins-key-animation-caillou |access-date=July 18, 2021 |archive-date=January 22, 2010}}</ref> The series is being followed by a computer-animated reboot series since February 15, 2024, set to premiere on [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]] with 50 11-minute episodes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WILDBRAIN AND PEACOCK PARTNER ON CAILLOU FOR NEW CG-ANIMATED SERIES AND FIVE FAMILY SPECIALS |url=https://www.wildbrain.com/newsreleases/wildbrain-and-peacock-partner-on-caillou-for-new-cg-animated-series-and-five-family-specials/ |access-date=2023-05-04 |website=WildBrain |language=en-US}}</ref> The series received initial positive reviews from critics and audiences. Contrarily, in the years following its release, the series saw a more negative reception and sparked backlash regarding its themes and writing. ==Plot== Caillou lives in [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], with his mother Doris, father Boris, and sister Rosie. He has many adventures with his family and friends, and uses his imagination in every episode. On [[PBS Kids]], each episode in first through third series has a theme and is divided into several short sections that mix animation, puppet skits, and video of [[live-action]] children in real-life situations. Between seasons 4 and 6, the episodes are divided into three short sections, the puppet segment was dropped, alongside the "Real Kids" version of the segment. During the first season, many of the stories in the animated version began with a grandmother (who is also the series narrator) introducing the story to her grandchildren, then reading the story from a book. Starting in the second season, the narrator and grandmother is an unseen character. ==Characters== ===Major characters=== <!-- Keep the characters' sections brief. Every minor detail about the characters does not need to be included, as this is not the Caillou Wikia. --> ====Caillou==== Caillou (voiced by [[Bryn McAuley]] in 1997 until 1998, then [[Jaclyn Linetsky]] in 2000 until 2003, and then, due to Linetsky's death, [[Annie Bovaird]] from 2003 to 2011) meaning ''pebble'' or ''stone'' in [[French language|French]], (nicknamed by himself The Prince of Imagination),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://shop.pbskids.org/caillou-stars-red-trick-or-treat-bag |website=PBSkids.org |title=Caillou & Stars Red Trick-Or-Treat Bag |quote=Caillou is surrounded by stars on a personalized swag bag that's ready for Halloween treats. The Prince of Imagination is here to make it a Happy Halloween! |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170506063946/http://shop.pbskids.org/caillou-stars-red-trick-or-treat-bag |archive-date=May 6, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> is the title character of the show. Caillou was first shown in the episode "Caillou Makes Cookies", which aired on September 15, 1997. Caillou is an imaginative four-year-old<ref name="About" /> boy with a love for forms of transportive machinery such as rocket ships and airplanes. A dreamer, Caillou is inclined to frequent dream sequences in some episodes, visualizing his daydreams and wishes, and many episodes describe his normal daily experiences with his parents, friends, and neighbours. Caillou particularly loves his stuffed dinosaur, Rexy, and [[teddy bear]], Teddy, along with his pet cat Gilbert, all of whom are depicted as puppets in segments featured in the earlier episodes. He is Boris and Doris's son as well as Rosie's older brother. ====Caillou's family==== * Rosie (French name: ''Mousseline'') – Caillou's lively younger sister and Boris and Doris's daughter who is a typical toddler. She is two years old.<ref name="About">{{cite web |title=About |url=https://en.caillou.com/about |website=Caillou.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331072935/https://en.caillou.com/about |archive-date=March 31, 2016 |quote=Meet Caillou, the lovable four-year old<br />Meet Caillou's little sister, Rosie! At 2 years old, Rosie is a giggly little girl who loves to play tricks on her big brother.<br />Meet Caillou's Mom, Doris! Although some know her in the workplace as Doris, she's known as Mommy in Caillou's household.<br />Meet Caillou's Dad, Boris!<br />Meet Caillou's Grandpa! Grandpa always takes Caillou on fun adventures – like fishing, riding the bus through town and camping! He is Caillou's Daddy's father}}</ref> She always wants to take part in the same activities as Caillou. In later seasons of the series, she becomes more talkative and independent. She wears a blue dress, red socks and blue Mary Jane shoes. Rosie fights with Caillou for some reasons, but they still love each other. She appears to be the only family member with orange hair. Rosie was first voiced by Brigid Tierney from 1997 to 2001, then Jesse Vinet from 2002 to 2011. * Doris<ref name="About" />/Mommy – Caillou and Rosie's mother as well as Boris's wife and Grandma and Grandpa's daughter-in-law. She is a busy homemaker most of the time but is seen to work in an office, as well. Caillou occasionally helps his mother with different chores, and she often takes time to involve Caillou and his friends in activities such as crafts and baking. She is predominantly dressed in a red blouse with white trim, blue headband, ankle-length blue jeans and blue shoes with green soles. Voiced by Jennifer Seguin. * Boris<ref name="About" />/Daddy – Caillou and Rosie's father as well as Doris's husband. He wears a green sweater with a red trim with blue jeans. In the episode "Caillou The Chef" he says he once worked at a restaurant and made pizza.<ref name="Caillou the Chef">''Caillou'' Episode – "Caillou the Chef" (Season 4)</ref> He and Caillou occasionally work on projects around the house together. He is voiced by Pat Fry. * Gilbert – Caillou's pet cat. In the puppet segments, he is shown to be knowledgeable about things which are foreign to Rexy and Teddy. * Grandma – Caillou and Rosie's paternal grandmother as well as Doris's mother-in-law. Grandma is a very active lady who loves the arts and the outdoors. She passes that love onto Caillou. Grandma often comes up with creative ideas to solve Caillou's problems. She and Caillou paint and go bird-watching together. Voiced by Pauline Little. * Grandpa – Caillou and Rosie's paternal<ref name="About" /> grandfather as well as Doris's father-in-law. He takes Caillou on adventures, often going on walks and riding the bus throughout the town where they reside. In the 1997 episode "Caillou's Hiding Place", he showed Caillou a hidden area inside a tree in the backyard.<ref name="Caillou's Hiding Place">''Caillou'' Episode – "Caillou's Hiding Place"</ref> In the 1997 episode "Caillou Goes Camping", he and Caillou camp in the backyard. He is Daddy's father and loves to tell stories about when Caillou's father was a little boy. He wears a blue shirt. Voiced by George Morris. ====Caillou's friends and neighbours==== * Mr. Hinkle (French name: ''Monsieur Lajoie'') – Caillou's neighbour, introduced in the 1997 episode "Caillou's Not Afraid Anymore". He has a gold tooth. In the episode "Farmer for the Day", it is stated that his first name is Paul. * Leo – A boy who started out as a bully in the 1997 episode "Caillou at Daycare", but quickly befriended Caillou in the same episode. They have been inseparable since. He is of Jewish faith and celebrates Hanukkah (stated in ''Caillou's Holiday Movie''). Voiced by Jonathan Koensgen from 1997 to 2003, Vince Davies in ''Caillou's Holiday Movie'', Ryan Tilson from 2006 until 2007, and Graeme Jokic from 2010 until 2011. * Clementine – Clementine was the first to befriend Caillou in the 1997 episode "Caillou at Daycare". She can get rather bossy for some reasons, but all in all she is pretty understanding. She is of African-Canadian descent. Caillou has a crush on her, as indicated in "Caillou's Valentines" (season 4, episode 19). She is voiced by Brigid Tierney from 1997 to 2007, and Sophie Uretsky from 2010 until 2011. * Sarah – Caillou's friend, whom he first met in the 1997 episode "Caillou Goes Around the Block". She is of Chinese descent and celebrates Chinese New Year. She has a cousin in an episode where she invites Caillou to celebrate Chinese New Year. In another she invites him to school for "Bring Your Younger Siblings to School Day" because she has no siblings. Sarah has a pet cat named Olly and a dog named Murphy. Sarah is voiced by Melissa Pirrera, and then Amanda Tilson. * André – A orange-headed boy, André is introduced in the 1997 episode "Caillou's Big Friend" and usually wears red sandals. According to the song "Days of the Week", released on the Caillou music CD ''Caillou and Friends'', Caillou plays with him every Saturday. André enjoys biking and soccer. * Julie – Caillou's and Rosie's teenage babysitter. She has blonde hair in a ponytail, and enjoys playing with Caillou and Rosie. Voiced by [[Holly Gauthier-Frankel]]. * Jason and Jeffrey – Identical twin brothers who are of Hispanic descent. They both enjoy eating pizza. Initially, they wore identical clothes. By Season 4, though, Jason began wearing a shirt with inverted colours so it's easier to tell them apart. They are both in Caillou's playschool class. The first episode they appeared in "New Kids on the Block". * Billy – Clementine's older brother. He is usually seen playing in a band with his friends or playing sports. Voiced by Michael Caloz in Season 1. * Miss Martin – Caillou's preschool teacher. She has orange hair and wears red overalls with a long-sleeved white shirt. According to the 2006 episode "A Surprise for Ms. Martin" her birthday is in June. Her first name is Ann; this was stated in "Caillou Goes to Daycare". Voiced by Ellen David. * Jonas – Boris friend from before he met Doris. He lives on a ranch and has a horse named Lucky. Jonas appears in four episodes and in ''Caillou's Holiday Movie''. Voiced by Brian Wrench. * Emma – A girl in Caillou's playschool class who dislikes loud noises, wearing red.<ref name="Caillou's Marching Band">''Caillou'' Episode – "Caillou's Marching Band"</ref> It is stated in an episode that she has Type 1 Diabetes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ket.org/tvschedules/episode.php?nola=CAIU++000516 |title=Caillou – Caillou's Discoveries |publisher=KET |access-date=March 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203054418/http://www.ket.org/tvschedules/episode.php?nola=CAIU++000516 |archive-date=December 3, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * Xavier – A boy in Caillou's playschool class who has brown hair and wears blue overalls. ====The puppets==== The puppet segments were used only on the [[PBS Kids]] broadcasts of ''Caillou'' from 2000 to 2003 between the first and third seasons, as continuity to fill time usually taken up by commercial breaks during the original broadcasts; later episodes on PBS did not include the puppet segment continuity. * Gilbert – Caillou's pet cat. He has greyish-bluish fur with black stripes and loathes dogs with a passion. He especially dislikes the bulldog in the neighbourhood. In the puppet segments of the series, Gilbert often consists odes. Puppeteered by Bob Stutt. * Rexy – Caillou's blue toy dinosaur and speaks in a somewhat foreign accent, he is very playful. Rexy has the incapability to give a "good" hug. Rexy is noted for being rather pedantic. He is often teased about his speech impediment, and tends to react violently to any mention of it. Puppeteered by Pier Parquette and voiced by [[Rick Jones (voice actor)|Rick Jones]]. * Teddy – An old teddy bear that once belonged to Caillou's father, and now belongs to Caillou, Teddy is reasonable and nice. He is somewhat pessimistic, but all in all, he just needs a hug. Puppeteered by Frank Meschkuleit. * Deedee – A brown squirrel, she has a bushy tail, and is often seen playing with Rexy. Deedee first appeared as a baby squirrel when Rexy found on the ground lost from her family. Deedee lives in Caillou's backyard where most of the puppet segments take place. She never appeared in Season 3. Puppeteered by Wendy Welch and voiced by [[Holly Gauthier-Frankel]]. ==Episodes== ===Original series=== {{main|List of Caillou episodes}} {{:List of Caillou episodes}} ===PBS series=== {{Main|List of Caillou episodes (PBS)}} {{:List of Caillou episodes (PBS)}} ==Production== ''Caillou'' books have been published by Chouette Publishing Inc. since 1987.<ref name="Baby Caillou">{{cite web |url=http://www.chouette-publishing.com/EN/caillou/history |title=Caillou - Creation |publisher=Chouette Publishing |access-date=October 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923203002/http://www.chouette-publishing.com/EN/caillou/history |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The series was originally broadcast in French in Canada, and the episodes were later translated into English. The original books were also in French, and English. ''Caillou'' was designed primarily for [[toddler]]s. It was created by child developmental psychologists. On September 15, 1997, 13 30-minute episodes (65 5-minute segments) of ''Caillou'' were aired in Canada and in selected markets worldwide, including the United States. On August 23, 2000, there were 20 30-minute episodes of the series, containing a mixture of new stories. On September 4, 2000, there were 29 30-minute episodes of the series, containing a mixture of the five-minute episodes plus new stories, songs, real kids segments and puppets. These were followed by another 11 30-minute episodes containing a mixture of the five-minute episodes plus new stories, songs, real kids segments, and puppets on October 3, 2000, another 13 30-minute episodes containing all-new stories on January 12, 2002, and another 16 30-minute episodes containing all-new stories on January 2, 2003. The film ''Caillou's Holiday Movie'' was released on October 7, 2003. On January 13, 2006, and April 1, 2006, a new set of 20 30-minute episodes finally premiered after a three-year hiatus. Caillou started attending preschool and there were new themes and a new opening. The series was renewed for a first, and second season in 2000, and a third season in 2003,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Caillou Back for Season Two |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/caillou-back-for-season-two/ |last=Ball |first=Ryan |date=February 10, 2003 |website=Animation Magazine |language=en-US |access-date=May 24, 2020 |archive-date=May 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521184509/https://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/caillou-back-for-season-two/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and later a fourth season in 2006, and a fifth season in 2013. The fifth season was animated by South Africa-based studio Clockwork Zoo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100122212054/http://www.animationsa.org/community/press-releases/clockwork-zoo/clockwork-zoo-begins-key-animation-caillou] "Clockwork Zoo begins key animation on Caillou | Animation SA"</ref> On November 14, 2012, the fourth season of the series was pre-sold to [[PBS Kids]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kidscreen.com/2012/11/14/dhx-media-sells-fourth-season-of-caillou-to-pbs-kids/ |work=KidScreen |title=DHX Media sells fourth season of Caillou to PBS Kids |access-date=January 22, 2013 |archive-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627233919/https://kidscreen.com/2012/11/14/dhx-media-sells-fourth-season-of-caillou-to-pbs-kids/ |url-status=live}}</ref> ==Reception== ===Critical response=== ''Caillou'' initially received generally positive reviews from television critics and parents of young children. The staff of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' wrote that its protagonist "embellish[es] everything he sees with his rich imagination."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/08/01/caillou/ |title=Caillou |last=EW Staff |date=August 1, 2012 |website=EW.com |language=EN |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415075610/https://ew.com/article/2012/08/01/caillou/ |archive-date=April 15, 2020 |access-date=March 17, 2020}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' wrote "''Caillou'' looks at the world through the eyes of its 4-year-old namesake [and] takes life's not-always-so-simple lessons and presents them in a way preschoolers can understand."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/07/tv/for-young-viewers-sharing-the-small-stuff.html |title=FOR YOUNG VIEWERS; Sharing the Small Stuff |date=October 7, 2001 |work=The New York Times |access-date=March 17, 2020 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=April 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415081456/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/07/tv/for-young-viewers-sharing-the-small-stuff.html |url-status=live}}</ref> while Lynne Heffley of the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that "each animated episode is an unusually realistic reflection of a preschooler's daily fun, family interaction, challenges, disappointments and misunderstandings as Caillou grows and learns to make sense of his world", also describing it as "a virtual guidebook for parents and caregivers".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-sep-04-ca-15135-story.html |title=Kids' Series Give Gentle Life Lessons Television Review |last=Heffley |first=Lynne |date=September 4, 2000 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322041601/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-sep-04-ca-15135-story.html |archive-date=March 22, 2020 |access-date=March 22, 2020}}</ref> ====Controversy==== As the years progressed, however, the show drew criticism for the perceived incorrectness of the lessons gleaned through numerous events, mostly from the first season, as well as some episodes from the second season and third season. In a ''[[National Post]]'' column, writer Tristin Hopper identified ''Caillou'' to be "quite possibly the world's most universally reviled children's program". A common criticism towards the series is that the titular character behaves like a spoiled child and suffers no consequences from his parents for his behaviour.<ref name="NationalPost">{{cite news |last=Hopper |first=Tristin |date=May 1, 2017 |title=Caillou is an aggressively bad show ruining the world's children... and it's all Canada's fault |journal=[[National Post]] |publisher=[[Postmedia Network]] |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/analysis-caillou-is-an-aggressively-bad-show-ruining-the-worlds-children-and-its-all-canadas-fault |access-date=January 7, 2021}}</ref> One example of Caillou's bad behaviour is in the episode ''Caillou Joins the Circus'', in which he throws a tantrum after discovering the postponement of a planned circus event. Another episode, ''Big Brother Caillou'', features Caillou being jealous of the level of attention received by his baby sister Rosie to the point where he pinches her; most considered this to be a minor improvement over the original book the episode was based on, in which Caillou bit Rosie. When the series started airing on [[Cartoonito]] in 2021, the pinching scene was cut out. Hopper once said: "Unlike most children's programming, Caillou makes almost no attempt to educate its young audience. There are no veiled math problems, spelling lessons or morality tales; it's just calm, non-threatening, bright-coloured people navigating everyday tasks". These criticisms of the series's titular character have been echoed on online platforms.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/this-is-how-much-people-hate-caillou_n_58d05f98e4b0be71dcf766a9 |title=This Is How Much People Hate 'Caillou' |date=2017-04-03 |website=HuffPost |language=en |access-date=2020-04-28 |archive-date=November 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106072429/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/this-is-how-much-people-hate-caillou_n_58d05f98e4b0be71dcf766a9 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Last Week Tonight with John Oliver|''Last Week Tonight'']] host [[John Oliver]] referenced Caillou in a comparison of boring things against [[net neutrality]], going on to insult Caillou for its themes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fpbOEoRrHyU&ab_channel=LastWeekTonight |title=Net Neutrality: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver |website=[[YouTube]] |language=en-US |access-date=2022-09-25 |archive-date=September 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925194210/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fpbOEoRrHyU&ab_channel=LastWeekTonight |url-status=live}}</ref> As Caillou appeared as a much younger child in the original line of children's books, he originally had no hair.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://screenrant.com/why-doesnt-caillou-have-hair-explained/ |title=Why Doesn't Caillou Have Hair - Why He's Always Remained Bald - Screen Rant |website=[[Screen Rant]] |date=April 18, 2022 |access-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628204238/https://screenrant.com/why-doesnt-caillou-have-hair-explained/ |url-status=live}}</ref> When illustrators found that adding hair made him look unrecognizable, it was decided that Caillou would never have hair.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Public Broadcasting Service |title=FAQ |website=[[PBS]] |url=https://www.pbs.org/parents/caillou/faq.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826103455/https://www.pbs.org/parents/caillou/faq.html |archive-date=26 August 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="chouettebald">{{cite web |url=http://www.chouette-publishing.com/EN/why-caillou-bald |author=Chouette |publisher=Chouette |title=Why is Caillou bald? |access-date=October 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923203004/http://www.chouette-publishing.com/EN/why-caillou-bald |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> This decision led to an [[internet meme]] asserting that the protagonist has [[cancer]] or pediatric alopecia.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/12/08/why-is-caillou-bald_n_8748996.html |title=Why Is Caillou Bald? |date=2015-12-08 |website=HuffPost Canada |language=en |access-date=2020-04-28 |archive-date=November 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107142916/https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/12/08/why-is-caillou-bald_n_8748996.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The series' parody of the series, this titular character has a whiny spoiled brat is worse than Dora Winifred Read and Muffy Crosswire from ''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]''. ==Broadcast== ''Caillou'' first aired on Canada's French-language [[Télétoon]] channel on September 15, 1997, and was the first series aired on the English-language [[Cartoon Network Canada|Teletoon]] when it launched on October 17 of that year.<ref name="5ecaillou">{{cite web|title=CORPORATION CINAR CÉLÈBRE LE 5e ANNIVERSAIRE DE CAILLOU À LA TÉLÉVISION|url=http://www.cinar.com/pdfdocument/091702/5ecaillou.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030314145722/http://www.cinar.com/pdfdocument/091702/5ecaillou.pdf|archive-date=March 14, 2003|access-date=December 22, 2013}}</ref> The series was moved to Treehouse TV in 2010. ''Caillou'' made its U.S. debut on [[PBS Kids]] on September 4, 2000, and ran on that network until December 27, 2020. Reruns started airing on PBS Kids Sprout (later known as simply Sprout) on its launch on September 26, 2005. While Sprout rebranded into [[Universal Kids]] on September 9, 2017, the show remained on the channel until it was taken off the line-up at the beginning of April 2019. On January 5, 2021, PBS Kids announced on Twitter that they would no longer broadcast reruns of ''Caillou''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Madden Toby|first=Mekeisha|date=January 5, 2021|title=Caillou Cancelled at PBS Kids (as Parents Everywhere Rejoice)|url=https://tvline.com/2021/01/05/caillou-cancelled-pbs-kids/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106135148/https://tvline.com/2021/01/05/caillou-cancelled-pbs-kids/|archive-date=January 6, 2021|access-date=January 5, 2021|website=[[TVLine]]}}</ref> ''[[Deadline Hollywood]]'' reported that many parents and viewers celebrated the news of the cancellation, as they have complained that ''Caillou'' had taught their kids bad lessons and encouraged them to be bratty and whiny.<ref>{{cite web|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=January 6, 2021|title=''Caillou'' Canceled By PBS & Parents Couldn't Be Happier|url=https://deadline.com/2021/01/caillou-canceled-pbs-parents-happier-1234665631/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127015153/https://deadline.com/2021/01/caillou-canceled-pbs-parents-happier-1234665631/|archive-date=January 27, 2023|access-date=January 27, 2023|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> On August 16, 2021, it was announced that [[Cartoon Network]] had acquired the U.S.-broadcast rights to the series after PBS' rights expired, with reruns of the series airing on [[Cartoonito (American programming block)|Cartoonito]] from September 13, 2021 to May 4, 2022 in its HD remastered form.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Stalcup|first=Jamie|date=August 16, 2021|title=WarnerMedia Sets Cartoonito Launch Date & Slate|url=https://worldscreen.com/tvkids/warnermedia-sets-cartoonito-launch-date-slate/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816131416/https://worldscreen.com/tvkids/warnermedia-sets-cartoonito-launch-date-slate/|archive-date=August 16, 2021|access-date=August 16, 2021|website=TVKIDS|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release |date=August 16, 2021 |title=WarnerMedia Kids & Family Sets Sept. 13 for Cartoonito Preschool Block on HBO Max and Cartoon Network |url=https://pressroom.warnermedia.com/us/media-release/cartoon-network-9/warnermedia-kids-family-sets-sept-13-cartoonito-preschool-block-hbo-max-and-cartoon |url-status=live |access-date=September 10, 2021 |website= |publisher=[[WarnerMedia]] |archive-date=September 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910235433/https://pressroom.warnermedia.com/us/media-release/cartoon-network-9/warnermedia-kids-family-sets-sept-13-cartoonito-preschool-block-hbo-max-and-cartoon}}</ref> PBS ultimately sold the rights for [[US$]]6.4&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web|title=2021 PBS Financial Report|url=https://d1qbemlbhjecig.cloudfront.net/prod/filer_public/pbsabout-bento-live-pbs/Financial%20Reports/61a46ac10f_FY%202021%20Audited%20PBS%20Consolidated%20FS.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112035145/https://d1qbemlbhjecig.cloudfront.net/prod/filer_public/pbsabout-bento-live-pbs/Financial%20Reports/61a46ac10f_FY%202021%20Audited%20PBS%20Consolidated%20FS.pdf|archive-date=November 12, 2022|access-date=2022-11-11|website=PBS.org|page=16}}</ref> In Canada, [[Family Jr.]] continues to broadcast reruns since February 5, 2018. PBS Kids currently retains the physical media and streaming rights for the original series. [[Comcast]]/[[NBCUniversal]] acquired global streaming rights for the reboot series (via [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]]) as of 2022. == Home video releases == In the United States, Caillou videocassettes and DVDs have been released by PBS Distribution (originally distributed through [[Warner Home Video]] until 2004, and then Paramount Home Entertainment from 2006 to 2010, and now self-distributed). From 2003 to 2006, the DVDs with puppets and [[Jaclyn Linetsky]] were compilations from 2003 through 2006, and one of them is in memory of Linetsky herself. For the franchise's 25th anniversary, a DVD/book combo pack reissue of ''Caillou's Family Favourites'' was released on October 14, 2014, by PBS Distribution,<ref name="combo">{{cite web|last=Zahn|first=James|date=September 4, 2014|title=25th Anniversary of Caillou: CAILLOU's FAMILY FAVORITES DVD/Book Combo Pack due in October...|url=http://www.therockfather.com/news-and-reviews/movie-and-tv/item/2790-25th-anniversary-of-caillou-caillous-family-favorites-dvd-book-combo-pack-due-in-october|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021144017/http://www.therockfather.com/news-and-reviews/movie-and-tv/item/2790-25th-anniversary-of-caillou-caillous-family-favorites-dvd-book-combo-pack-due-in-october|archive-date=October 21, 2014|access-date=October 25, 2014}}</ref> while a [[DVD]] reissue of ''Caillou's Holiday Movie'' was released on November 11, 2014 by NCircle Entertainment.<ref name="holidaymovie">{{cite web|title=''Caillou's Holiday Movie'' – NCircle Entertainment|url=https://www.amazon.com/Caillous-Holiday-Movie-Caillou/dp/B00K0MM4KM|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018175231/http://www.amazon.com/Caillous-Holiday-Movie-Caillou/dp/B00K0MM4KM|archive-date=October 18, 2014|access-date=October 25, 2014|website=Amazon}}</ref> In Canada, Sony Wonder originally released Caillou on VHS and DVD, and after the closure of the division by Sony, were moved to Vivendi Entertainment Canada. Since 2012, Caillou DVDs are distributed by [[Entertainment One]] and after their purchase of Phase 4 Films in 2015, are released through the KaBoom Entertainment label. ==Music from the series== In 2003, an album titled ''Caillou's Favourite Songs'' was released by [[Kid Rhino]] under the [[Cinar|Cinar Music]] imprint.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/caillous-favorite-songs-mw0000020714 |title=Caillou's Favorite Songs - Caillou - Songs, Reviews, Credits - AllMusic |website=AllMusic |access-date=September 26, 2016 |archive-date=October 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013230510/http://www.allmusic.com/album/caillous-favorite-songs-mw0000020714 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==Revival== ===YouTube series=== Beginning in late 2016, a new ''Caillou'' web series for YouTube premiered on the official Caillou channel and was later released onto [[Amazon Prime Instant Video|Amazon Prime]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Caillou's New Adventures {{!}} Prime Video | work=amazon.com | access-date=January 22, 2021 | url=https://www.amazon.com/Caillous-New-Adventures/dp/B075SJTJQ3 | archive-date=May 21, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521184508/https://www.amazon.com/Caillous-New-Adventures/dp/B075SJTJQ3 | url-status=live }}</ref> These shorts are mainly remakes of older episodes and are produced by WildBrain Spark Studios, a subsidiary of WildBrain that produces original content for their [[WildBrain Spark]] network. However, the videos were not made available to YouTube users in the United States until 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8XvIF6dDmUtE3cHtvTPANX678A4qScr7 |title=New Caillou Webisodes &#124; Animated Cartoons for Kids |publisher=YouTube |access-date=January 23, 2021 |archive-date=May 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521184506/https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8XvIF6dDmUtE3cHtvTPANX678A4qScr7 |url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2021, it was announced that Cartoon Network licensed the series for broadcast on U.S. television.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://investors.wildbrain.com/2021-09-14-WildBrain-Reports-Q4-and-Full-Year-2021-Results |title=WildBrain Reports Q4 and Full Year 2021 Results |website=Investors - WildBrain |accessdate=September 16, 2021 |archive-date=September 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916030022/https://investors.wildbrain.com/2021-09-14-WildBrain-Reports-Q4-and-Full-Year-2021-Results |url-status=live}}</ref> ===Reboot and specials=== In September 2021, WildBrain announced the production of five new 45-minute specials based on the franchise for [[Family Jr.]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.skwigly.co.uk/wildbrain-television-family-animation/ |title=New family animation for WildBrain Television gets greenlit |date=September 2021 |access-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707022117/https://www.skwigly.co.uk/wildbrain-television-family-animation/ |url-status=live}}</ref> These specials are the first ''Caillou'' related media to be produced in computer animation, and will focus on Christmas, Halloween, Family Day, Summer Vacation and National Anti-Bullying Day. The specials will be produced by WildBrain Studios, Splash Entertainment, and Mainframe Studios, with animation provided by [[WildBrain Studios#IoM Media Ventures|IoM Media Ventures]].<ref name="animationmagazine.net">{{cite web |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/streaming/peacock-slates-cg-caillou-reboot-lil-stompers-the-bad-guys-streams-friday/ |title=Peacock Slates CG 'Caillou' Reboot, 'L'il Stompers'; 'The Bad Guys' Streams Friday |date=June 28, 2022 |access-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707220309/https://www.animationmagazine.net/streaming/peacock-slates-cg-caillou-reboot-lil-stompers-the-bad-guys-streams-friday/ |url-status=live}}</ref> In June 2022, WildBrain announced they teamed with [[Comcast]]'s [[NBCUniversal Television and Streaming|streaming platform]], [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]], to produce a new series of the show, consisting of 52 11-minute episodes to go along with those specials.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WILDBRAIN AND PEACOCK PARTNER ON CAILLOU FOR NEW CG-ANIMATED SERIES AND FIVE FAMILY SPECIALS |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/wildbrain-peacock-partner-caillou-cg-114500486.html |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=Yahoo! Finance |date=June 24, 2022 |archive-date=June 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624201640/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/wildbrain-peacock-partner-caillou-cg-114500486.html |url-status=live}}</ref> It was set to premiere in 2023, with IoM also providing animation production as the specials are. Despite the specials being released on Peacock, it is now confirmed to stream on February 15, 2024.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Swift |first1=Andy |title=Caillou Is Being Rebooted in CGI Form, Whether You Want Him Back or Not |url=https://tvline.com/2022/06/28/caillou-reboot-peacock-cgi-first-look/ |website=TVLine |access-date=June 28, 2022 |date=June 28, 2022 |archive-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628171112/https://tvline.com/2022/06/28/caillou-reboot-peacock-cgi-first-look/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The first special: ''Rosie the Giant'', which focuses on the effects of bullying, simultaneously premiered in Canada and the United States on Family Jr. and Peacock respectively on July 10, 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBr-tDDBKD8 |title=CAILLOU: ROSIE THE GIANT &#124; Trailer |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=July 13, 2022 |archive-date=July 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713132111/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBr-tDDBKD8&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=live}}</ref> The second special: ''Adventures with Grandma and Grandpa'', which focuses on Caillou visiting his grandparents for a sleepover at their beach house, premiered on Family Jr., and Peacock on August 25, 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/caillou-prepares-plunge-first-look-153041770.html |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=Aug 22, 2022 |first=Andy |last=Swift |title=Caillou Prepares to Take the Plunge in First Look at New CGI Special |access-date=September 15, 2022 |archive-date=September 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915194041/https://news.yahoo.com/caillou-prepares-plunge-first-look-153041770.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The third special: ''The Bravest Wolf Boy'', which focuses on Halloween, premiered on Family Jr., and Peacock on October 15, 2022. The four special: ''The Silver Knight'', which focuses on imaginative play, premiered on Family Jr., and Peacock on November 13, 2022. The fifth special, ''Caillou's Perfect Christmas'', which focuses on Christmas, premiered on Family Jr., and Peacock on December 2, 2022. ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{Former PBS Kids original programming}} [[Category:1990s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:1997 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:2000s American children's television series]] [[Category:2000s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:2000s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:2000 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2010s American animated television series]] [[Category:2010s American children's television series]] [[Category:2010s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:2010s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:2011 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:2013 American television series endings]] [[Category:American animated television series]] [[Category:American children's television series]] [[Category:Animated television series about children]] [[Category:Caillou]] [[Category:Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:Canadian English-language television shows]] [[Category:Children's television series about talking animals]] [[Category:French-language television programs]] [[Category:PBS Kids shows]] [[Category:Television series about families]] [[Category:Television series about friendship]] [[Category:Television series by Cookie Jar Entertainment]] 7q1d5icnnppr6jbbcz7ans7pb01fadw 10368322 10368321 2025-07-02T21:54:27Z 66.68.9.226 10368322 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Canadian English}} {{Use Canadian English|date=July 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=July 2025}} {{Infobox television | image = Caillou logo.png | image_alt = | caption = | alt_name = | genre = {{Plainlist| * Animation * Children * [[Adventure]] }} | creator = Hélène Desputeaux<br />Christine L'Heureux | based_on = ''[[Caillou (book series)|Caillou]]'' by Hélène Desputeaux<ref name="RAAV2015">[http://www.raav.org/last-2005-caillou-agreement-made-public-0 "At last, the 2005 Caillou agreement is made public"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327161402/http://www.raav.org/last-2005-caillou-agreement-made-public-0 |date=March 27, 2016 }}. ''Regroupement des artistes en arts visuels du Québec''. Retrieved on November 2, 2015.</ref><ref name="Devoir8-10-15">{{cite news |last1=Baillargeon |first1=Stéphane |title=L'entente secrète de 2005 dévoilée |url=https://www.ledevoir.com/culture/actualites-culturelles/451948/livres-de-caillou-une-entente-secrete-datant-de-2005-a-propos |access-date=November 3, 2015 |work=Le Devoir |date=October 8, 2015 |archive-date=April 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411001640/https://www.ledevoir.com/culture/actualites-culturelles/451948/livres-de-caillou-une-entente-secrete-datant-de-2005-a-propos |url-status=live}}</ref> | developer = | writer = | director = | creative_director = | presenter = | starring = | voices = [[Bryn McAuley]] (season 1)<br />[[Jaclyn Linetsky]] (seasons 2-3)<br />[[Annie Bovaird]] (seasons 4-5)<br />Brigid Tierney (seasons 1-4)<br />Jesse Vinet (seasons 3-5)<br />Jennifer Seguin<br />Pat Fry<br />Pauline Little<br />George Morris<br />Jonathan Koensgen (seasons 1-3)<br />Ryan Tilson (season 4)<br />Graeme Jokic (season 5)<br />Sophie Uretsky (season 5)<br />Melissa Pirrera (season 1-2)<br />Amanda Tilson (seasons 3-5)<br />[[Holly Gauthier-Frankel]]<br />Ellen David | narrated = Merlee Shapiro | theme_music_composer = | opentheme = I'm Caillou by [[Bryn McAuley]] | endtheme = I'm Caillou (instrumental) | composer = Leon Aronson | country = Canada<br />South Africa <small>(season 5)</small> | language = {{Plainlist | * French * English }} | num_seasons = 5 | num_episodes = 92 (345 segments) | list_episodes = List of Caillou episodes#List of episodes | executive_producer = | producer = | editor = | location = | cinematography = | camera = | runtime = 25 minutes (4-5 5-minute segments) | company = {{Plainlist | * [[Cookie Jar Group|Cookie Jar Entertainment]] (Canada){{efn|Previously known as '''CINAR Films''' for the first season, and then later known as '''CINAR Corporation''' for the second, and third seasons.<br>Produced as '''Caillou Productions''' (S1), '''Four Me Productions''' (S2-3), '''Caillou IV Productions''' (S4), and '''Caillou V Productions''' (S5).}} * Clockwork Zoo (season 5, South Africa) }} | channel = {{Plainlist | * [[Teletoon]] (seasons 1–4) * [[Treehouse TV]] (season 5) }} | first_aired = {{Start date|1997|09|15}} | last_aired = {{End date|2010|10|03}} }} '''''Caillou''''' ({{IPAc-en|k|ɑː |j|ʊ|,_|-|j|uː|}} {{respell|kah|yuu|,_-|yoo}}; {{IPA-fr|kaju|lang}}, stylized in [[lowercase]]) is a Canadian animated educational [[children's television series]] that aired on [[Cartoon Network Canada|Teletoon]] on September 15, 1997 until 2009, it was later moved to [[Treehouse TV]] in 2008 until 2018, and the series finale aired on October 3, 2010. On September 4, 2000, the episode segments was set in the United States, it divided into stories and formed as compilation, also aired on [[PBS Kids]] until December 31, 2020 and the compilation finale reruns on April 5, 2013. Based on the books by Hélène Desputeaux,<ref name="RAAV2015" /><ref name="Devoir8-10-15" /> it focuses on a four-year-old boy named Caillou who is fascinated by the world around him. The series was produced in Canada by [[Cookie Jar Group|CINAR]] (later Cookie Jar Entertainment) while the fifth and final season was produced in association with the South African studio Clockwork Zoo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.animationsa.org/community/press-releases/clockwork-zoo/clockwork-zoo-begins-key-animation-caillou |title=Clockwork Zoo begins key animation on Caillou &#124; Animation SA |date=January 22, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122212054/http://www.animationsa.org/community/press-releases/clockwork-zoo/clockwork-zoo-begins-key-animation-caillou |access-date=July 18, 2021 |archive-date=January 22, 2010}}</ref> The series is being followed by a computer-animated reboot series since February 15, 2024, set to premiere on [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]] with 50 11-minute episodes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WILDBRAIN AND PEACOCK PARTNER ON CAILLOU FOR NEW CG-ANIMATED SERIES AND FIVE FAMILY SPECIALS |url=https://www.wildbrain.com/newsreleases/wildbrain-and-peacock-partner-on-caillou-for-new-cg-animated-series-and-five-family-specials/ |access-date=2023-05-04 |website=WildBrain |language=en-US}}</ref> The series received initial positive reviews from critics and audiences. Contrarily, in the years following its release, the series saw a more negative reception and sparked backlash regarding its themes and writing. ==Plot== Caillou lives in [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], with his mother Doris, father Boris, and sister Rosie. He has many adventures with his family and friends, and uses his imagination in every episode. On [[PBS Kids]], each episode in first through third series has a theme and is divided into several short sections that mix animation, puppet skits, and video of [[live-action]] children in real-life situations. Between seasons 4 and 6, the episodes are divided into three short sections, the puppet segment was dropped, alongside the "Real Kids" version of the segment. During the first season, many of the stories in the animated version began with a grandmother (who is also the series narrator) introducing the story to her grandchildren, then reading the story from a book. Starting in the second season, the narrator and grandmother is an unseen character. ==Characters== ===Major characters=== <!-- Keep the characters' sections brief. Every minor detail about the characters does not need to be included, as this is not the Caillou Wikia. --> ====Caillou==== Caillou (voiced by [[Bryn McAuley]] in 1997 until 1998, then [[Jaclyn Linetsky]] in 2000 until 2003, and then, due to Linetsky's death, [[Annie Bovaird]] from 2003 to 2011) meaning ''pebble'' or ''stone'' in [[French language|French]], (nicknamed by himself The Prince of Imagination),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://shop.pbskids.org/caillou-stars-red-trick-or-treat-bag |website=PBSkids.org |title=Caillou & Stars Red Trick-Or-Treat Bag |quote=Caillou is surrounded by stars on a personalized swag bag that's ready for Halloween treats. The Prince of Imagination is here to make it a Happy Halloween! |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170506063946/http://shop.pbskids.org/caillou-stars-red-trick-or-treat-bag |archive-date=May 6, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> is the title character of the show. Caillou was first shown in the episode "Caillou Makes Cookies", which aired on September 15, 1997. Caillou is an imaginative four-year-old<ref name="About" /> boy with a love for forms of transportive machinery such as rocket ships and airplanes. A dreamer, Caillou is inclined to frequent dream sequences in some episodes, visualizing his daydreams and wishes, and many episodes describe his normal daily experiences with his parents, friends, and neighbours. Caillou particularly loves his stuffed dinosaur, Rexy, and [[teddy bear]], Teddy, along with his pet cat Gilbert, all of whom are depicted as puppets in segments featured in the earlier episodes. He is Boris and Doris's son as well as Rosie's older brother. ====Caillou's family==== * Rosie (French name: ''Mousseline'') – Caillou's lively younger sister and Boris and Doris's daughter who is a typical toddler. She is two years old.<ref name="About">{{cite web |title=About |url=https://en.caillou.com/about |website=Caillou.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331072935/https://en.caillou.com/about |archive-date=March 31, 2016 |quote=Meet Caillou, the lovable four-year old<br />Meet Caillou's little sister, Rosie! At 2 years old, Rosie is a giggly little girl who loves to play tricks on her big brother.<br />Meet Caillou's Mom, Doris! Although some know her in the workplace as Doris, she's known as Mommy in Caillou's household.<br />Meet Caillou's Dad, Boris!<br />Meet Caillou's Grandpa! Grandpa always takes Caillou on fun adventures – like fishing, riding the bus through town and camping! He is Caillou's Daddy's father}}</ref> She always wants to take part in the same activities as Caillou. In later seasons of the series, she becomes more talkative and independent. She wears a blue dress, red socks and blue Mary Jane shoes. Rosie fights with Caillou for some reasons, but they still love each other. She appears to be the only family member with orange hair. Rosie was first voiced by Brigid Tierney from 1997 to 2001, then Jesse Vinet from 2002 to 2011. * Doris<ref name="About" />/Mommy – Caillou and Rosie's mother as well as Boris's wife and Grandma and Grandpa's daughter-in-law. She is a busy homemaker most of the time but is seen to work in an office, as well. Caillou occasionally helps his mother with different chores, and she often takes time to involve Caillou and his friends in activities such as crafts and baking. She is predominantly dressed in a red blouse with white trim, blue headband, ankle-length blue jeans and blue shoes with green soles. Voiced by Jennifer Seguin. * Boris<ref name="About" />/Daddy – Caillou and Rosie's father as well as Doris's husband. He wears a green sweater with a red trim with blue jeans. In the episode "Caillou The Chef" he says he once worked at a restaurant and made pizza.<ref name="Caillou the Chef">''Caillou'' Episode – "Caillou the Chef" (Season 4)</ref> He and Caillou occasionally work on projects around the house together. He is voiced by Pat Fry. * Gilbert – Caillou's pet cat. In the puppet segments, he is shown to be knowledgeable about things which are foreign to Rexy and Teddy. * Grandma – Caillou and Rosie's paternal grandmother as well as Doris's mother-in-law. Grandma is a very active lady who loves the arts and the outdoors. She passes that love onto Caillou. Grandma often comes up with creative ideas to solve Caillou's problems. She and Caillou paint and go bird-watching together. Voiced by Pauline Little. * Grandpa – Caillou and Rosie's paternal<ref name="About" /> grandfather as well as Doris's father-in-law. He takes Caillou on adventures, often going on walks and riding the bus throughout the town where they reside. In the 1997 episode "Caillou's Hiding Place", he showed Caillou a hidden area inside a tree in the backyard.<ref name="Caillou's Hiding Place">''Caillou'' Episode – "Caillou's Hiding Place"</ref> In the 1997 episode "Caillou Goes Camping", he and Caillou camp in the backyard. He is Daddy's father and loves to tell stories about when Caillou's father was a little boy. He wears a blue shirt. Voiced by George Morris. ====Caillou's friends and neighbours==== * Mr. Hinkle (French name: ''Monsieur Lajoie'') – Caillou's neighbour, introduced in the 1997 episode "Caillou's Not Afraid Anymore". He has a gold tooth. In the episode "Farmer for the Day", it is stated that his first name is Paul. * Leo – A boy who started out as a bully in the 1997 episode "Caillou at Daycare", but quickly befriended Caillou in the same episode. They have been inseparable since. He is of Jewish faith and celebrates Hanukkah (stated in ''Caillou's Holiday Movie''). Voiced by Jonathan Koensgen from 1997 to 2003, Vince Davies in ''Caillou's Holiday Movie'', Ryan Tilson from 2006 until 2007, and Graeme Jokic from 2010 until 2011. * Clementine – Clementine was the first to befriend Caillou in the 1997 episode "Caillou at Daycare". She can get rather bossy for some reasons, but all in all she is pretty understanding. She is of African-Canadian descent. Caillou has a crush on her, as indicated in "Caillou's Valentines" (season 4, episode 19). She is voiced by Brigid Tierney from 1997 to 2007, and Sophie Uretsky from 2010 until 2011. * Sarah – Caillou's friend, whom he first met in the 1997 episode "Caillou Goes Around the Block". She is of Chinese descent and celebrates Chinese New Year. She has a cousin in an episode where she invites Caillou to celebrate Chinese New Year. In another she invites him to school for "Bring Your Younger Siblings to School Day" because she has no siblings. Sarah has a pet cat named Olly and a dog named Murphy. Sarah is voiced by Melissa Pirrera, and then Amanda Tilson. * André – A orange-headed boy, André is introduced in the 1997 episode "Caillou's Big Friend" and usually wears red sandals. According to the song "Days of the Week", released on the Caillou music CD ''Caillou and Friends'', Caillou plays with him every Saturday. André enjoys biking and soccer. * Julie – Caillou's and Rosie's teenage babysitter. She has blonde hair in a ponytail, and enjoys playing with Caillou and Rosie. Voiced by [[Holly Gauthier-Frankel]]. * Jason and Jeffrey – Identical twin brothers who are of Hispanic descent. They both enjoy eating pizza. Initially, they wore identical clothes. By Season 4, though, Jason began wearing a shirt with inverted colours so it's easier to tell them apart. They are both in Caillou's playschool class. The first episode they appeared in "New Kids on the Block". * Billy – Clementine's older brother. He is usually seen playing in a band with his friends or playing sports. Voiced by Michael Caloz in Season 1. * Miss Martin – Caillou's preschool teacher. She has orange hair and wears red overalls with a long-sleeved white shirt. According to the 2006 episode "A Surprise for Ms. Martin" her birthday is in June. Her first name is Ann; this was stated in "Caillou Goes to Daycare". Voiced by Ellen David. * Jonas – Boris friend from before he met Doris. He lives on a ranch and has a horse named Lucky. Jonas appears in four episodes and in ''Caillou's Holiday Movie''. Voiced by Brian Wrench. * Emma – A girl in Caillou's playschool class who dislikes loud noises, wearing red.<ref name="Caillou's Marching Band">''Caillou'' Episode – "Caillou's Marching Band"</ref> It is stated in an episode that she has Type 1 Diabetes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ket.org/tvschedules/episode.php?nola=CAIU++000516 |title=Caillou – Caillou's Discoveries |publisher=KET |access-date=March 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203054418/http://www.ket.org/tvschedules/episode.php?nola=CAIU++000516 |archive-date=December 3, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * Xavier – A boy in Caillou's playschool class who has brown hair and wears blue overalls. ====The puppets==== The puppet segments were used only on the [[PBS Kids]] broadcasts of ''Caillou'' from 2000 to 2003 between the first and third seasons, as continuity to fill time usually taken up by commercial breaks during the original broadcasts; later episodes on PBS did not include the puppet segment continuity. * Gilbert – Caillou's pet cat. He has greyish-bluish fur with black stripes and loathes dogs with a passion. He especially dislikes the bulldog in the neighbourhood. In the puppet segments of the series, Gilbert often consists odes. Puppeteered by Bob Stutt. * Rexy – Caillou's blue toy dinosaur and speaks in a somewhat foreign accent, he is very playful. Rexy has the incapability to give a "good" hug. Rexy is noted for being rather pedantic. He is often teased about his speech impediment, and tends to react violently to any mention of it. Puppeteered by Pier Parquette and voiced by [[Rick Jones (voice actor)|Rick Jones]]. * Teddy – An old teddy bear that once belonged to Caillou's father, and now belongs to Caillou, Teddy is reasonable and nice. He is somewhat pessimistic, but all in all, he just needs a hug. Puppeteered by Frank Meschkuleit. * Deedee – A brown squirrel, she has a bushy tail, and is often seen playing with Rexy. Deedee first appeared as a baby squirrel when Rexy found on the ground lost from her family. Deedee lives in Caillou's backyard where most of the puppet segments take place. She never appeared in Season 3. Puppeteered by Wendy Welch and voiced by [[Holly Gauthier-Frankel]]. ==Episodes== ===Original series=== {{main|List of Caillou episodes}} {{:List of Caillou episodes}} ===PBS series=== {{Main|List of Caillou episodes (PBS)}} {{:List of Caillou episodes (PBS)}} ==Production== ''Caillou'' books have been published by Chouette Publishing Inc. since 1987.<ref name="Baby Caillou">{{cite web |url=http://www.chouette-publishing.com/EN/caillou/history |title=Caillou - Creation |publisher=Chouette Publishing |access-date=October 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923203002/http://www.chouette-publishing.com/EN/caillou/history |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The series was originally broadcast in French in Canada, and the episodes were later translated into English. The original books were also in French, and English. ''Caillou'' was designed primarily for [[toddler]]s. It was created by child developmental psychologists. On September 15, 1997, 13 30-minute episodes (65 5-minute segments) of ''Caillou'' were aired in Canada and in selected markets worldwide, including the United States. On August 23, 2000, there were 20 30-minute episodes of the series, containing a mixture of new stories. On September 4, 2000, there were 29 30-minute episodes of the series, containing a mixture of the five-minute episodes plus new stories, songs, real kids segments and puppets. These were followed by another 11 30-minute episodes containing a mixture of the five-minute episodes plus new stories, songs, real kids segments, and puppets on October 3, 2000, another 13 30-minute episodes containing all-new stories on January 12, 2002, and another 16 30-minute episodes containing all-new stories on January 2, 2003. The film ''Caillou's Holiday Movie'' was released on October 7, 2003. On January 13, 2006, and April 1, 2006, a new set of 20 30-minute episodes finally premiered after a three-year hiatus. Caillou started attending preschool and there were new themes and a new opening. The series was renewed for a first, and second season in 2000, and a third season in 2003,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Caillou Back for Season Two |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/caillou-back-for-season-two/ |last=Ball |first=Ryan |date=February 10, 2003 |website=Animation Magazine |language=en-US |access-date=May 24, 2020 |archive-date=May 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521184509/https://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/caillou-back-for-season-two/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and later a fourth season in 2006, and a fifth season in 2013. The fifth season was animated by South Africa-based studio Clockwork Zoo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100122212054/http://www.animationsa.org/community/press-releases/clockwork-zoo/clockwork-zoo-begins-key-animation-caillou] "Clockwork Zoo begins key animation on Caillou | Animation SA"</ref> On November 14, 2012, the fourth season of the series was pre-sold to [[PBS Kids]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kidscreen.com/2012/11/14/dhx-media-sells-fourth-season-of-caillou-to-pbs-kids/ |work=KidScreen |title=DHX Media sells fourth season of Caillou to PBS Kids |access-date=January 22, 2013 |archive-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627233919/https://kidscreen.com/2012/11/14/dhx-media-sells-fourth-season-of-caillou-to-pbs-kids/ |url-status=live}}</ref> ==Reception== ===Critical response=== ''Caillou'' initially received generally positive reviews from television critics and parents of young children. The staff of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' wrote that its protagonist "embellish[es] everything he sees with his rich imagination."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/08/01/caillou/ |title=Caillou |last=EW Staff |date=August 1, 2012 |website=EW.com |language=EN |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415075610/https://ew.com/article/2012/08/01/caillou/ |archive-date=April 15, 2020 |access-date=March 17, 2020}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' wrote "''Caillou'' looks at the world through the eyes of its 4-year-old namesake [and] takes life's not-always-so-simple lessons and presents them in a way preschoolers can understand."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/07/tv/for-young-viewers-sharing-the-small-stuff.html |title=FOR YOUNG VIEWERS; Sharing the Small Stuff |date=October 7, 2001 |work=The New York Times |access-date=March 17, 2020 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=April 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415081456/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/07/tv/for-young-viewers-sharing-the-small-stuff.html |url-status=live}}</ref> while Lynne Heffley of the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that "each animated episode is an unusually realistic reflection of a preschooler's daily fun, family interaction, challenges, disappointments and misunderstandings as Caillou grows and learns to make sense of his world", also describing it as "a virtual guidebook for parents and caregivers".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-sep-04-ca-15135-story.html |title=Kids' Series Give Gentle Life Lessons Television Review |last=Heffley |first=Lynne |date=September 4, 2000 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322041601/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-sep-04-ca-15135-story.html |archive-date=March 22, 2020 |access-date=March 22, 2020}}</ref> ====Controversy==== As the years progressed, however, the show drew criticism for the perceived incorrectness of the lessons gleaned through numerous events, mostly from the first season, as well as some episodes from the second season and third season. In a ''[[National Post]]'' column, writer Tristin Hopper identified ''Caillou'' to be "quite possibly the world's most universally reviled children's program". A common criticism towards the series is that the titular character behaves like a spoiled child and suffers no consequences from his parents for his behaviour.<ref name="NationalPost">{{cite news |last=Hopper |first=Tristin |date=May 1, 2017 |title=Caillou is an aggressively bad show ruining the world's children... and it's all Canada's fault |journal=[[National Post]] |publisher=[[Postmedia Network]] |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/analysis-caillou-is-an-aggressively-bad-show-ruining-the-worlds-children-and-its-all-canadas-fault |access-date=January 7, 2021}}</ref> One example of Caillou's bad behaviour is in the episode ''Caillou Joins the Circus'', in which he throws a tantrum after discovering the postponement of a planned circus event. Another episode, ''Big Brother Caillou'', features Caillou being jealous of the level of attention received by his baby sister Rosie to the point where he pinches her; most considered this to be a minor improvement over the original book the episode was based on, in which Caillou bit Rosie. When the series started airing on [[Cartoonito]] in 2021, the pinching scene was cut out. Hopper once said: "Unlike most children's programming, Caillou makes almost no attempt to educate its young audience. There are no veiled math problems, spelling lessons or morality tales; it's just calm, non-threatening, bright-coloured people navigating everyday tasks". These criticisms of the series's titular character have been echoed on online platforms.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/this-is-how-much-people-hate-caillou_n_58d05f98e4b0be71dcf766a9 |title=This Is How Much People Hate 'Caillou' |date=2017-04-03 |website=HuffPost |language=en |access-date=2020-04-28 |archive-date=November 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106072429/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/this-is-how-much-people-hate-caillou_n_58d05f98e4b0be71dcf766a9 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Last Week Tonight with John Oliver|''Last Week Tonight'']] host [[John Oliver]] referenced Caillou in a comparison of boring things against [[net neutrality]], going on to insult Caillou for its themes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fpbOEoRrHyU&ab_channel=LastWeekTonight |title=Net Neutrality: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver |website=[[YouTube]] |language=en-US |access-date=2022-09-25 |archive-date=September 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925194210/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fpbOEoRrHyU&ab_channel=LastWeekTonight |url-status=live}}</ref> As Caillou appeared as a much younger child in the original line of children's books, he originally had no hair.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://screenrant.com/why-doesnt-caillou-have-hair-explained/ |title=Why Doesn't Caillou Have Hair - Why He's Always Remained Bald - Screen Rant |website=[[Screen Rant]] |date=April 18, 2022 |access-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628204238/https://screenrant.com/why-doesnt-caillou-have-hair-explained/ |url-status=live}}</ref> When illustrators found that adding hair made him look unrecognizable, it was decided that Caillou would never have hair.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Public Broadcasting Service |title=FAQ |website=[[PBS]] |url=https://www.pbs.org/parents/caillou/faq.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826103455/https://www.pbs.org/parents/caillou/faq.html |archive-date=26 August 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="chouettebald">{{cite web |url=http://www.chouette-publishing.com/EN/why-caillou-bald |author=Chouette |publisher=Chouette |title=Why is Caillou bald? |access-date=October 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923203004/http://www.chouette-publishing.com/EN/why-caillou-bald |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> This decision led to an [[internet meme]] asserting that the protagonist has [[cancer]] or pediatric alopecia.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/12/08/why-is-caillou-bald_n_8748996.html |title=Why Is Caillou Bald? |date=2015-12-08 |website=HuffPost Canada |language=en |access-date=2020-04-28 |archive-date=November 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107142916/https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/12/08/why-is-caillou-bald_n_8748996.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The series' parody of the series, this titular character has a whiny spoiled brat is worse than Dora Winifred Read and Muffy Crosswire from ''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]''. ==Broadcast== ''Caillou'' first aired on Canada's French-language [[Télétoon]] channel on September 15, 1997, and was the first series aired on the English-language [[Cartoon Network Canada|Teletoon]] when it launched on October 17 of that year.<ref name="5ecaillou">{{cite web|title=CORPORATION CINAR CÉLÈBRE LE 5e ANNIVERSAIRE DE CAILLOU À LA TÉLÉVISION|url=http://www.cinar.com/pdfdocument/091702/5ecaillou.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030314145722/http://www.cinar.com/pdfdocument/091702/5ecaillou.pdf|archive-date=March 14, 2003|access-date=December 22, 2013}}</ref> The series was moved to Treehouse TV in 2010. ''Caillou'' made its U.S. debut on [[PBS Kids]] on September 4, 2000, and ran on that network until December 27, 2020. Reruns started airing on PBS Kids Sprout (later known as simply Sprout) on its launch on September 26, 2005. While Sprout rebranded into [[Universal Kids]] on September 9, 2017, the show remained on the channel until it was taken off the line-up at the beginning of April 2019. On January 5, 2021, PBS Kids announced on Twitter that they would no longer broadcast reruns of ''Caillou''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Madden Toby|first=Mekeisha|date=January 5, 2021|title=Caillou Cancelled at PBS Kids (as Parents Everywhere Rejoice)|url=https://tvline.com/2021/01/05/caillou-cancelled-pbs-kids/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106135148/https://tvline.com/2021/01/05/caillou-cancelled-pbs-kids/|archive-date=January 6, 2021|access-date=January 5, 2021|website=[[TVLine]]}}</ref> ''[[Deadline Hollywood]]'' reported that many parents and viewers celebrated the news of the cancellation, as they have complained that ''Caillou'' had taught their kids bad lessons and encouraged them to be bratty and whiny.<ref>{{cite web|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=January 6, 2021|title=''Caillou'' Canceled By PBS & Parents Couldn't Be Happier|url=https://deadline.com/2021/01/caillou-canceled-pbs-parents-happier-1234665631/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127015153/https://deadline.com/2021/01/caillou-canceled-pbs-parents-happier-1234665631/|archive-date=January 27, 2023|access-date=January 27, 2023|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> On August 16, 2021, it was announced that [[Cartoon Network]] had acquired the U.S.-broadcast rights to the series after PBS' rights expired, with reruns of the series airing on [[Cartoonito (American programming block)|Cartoonito]] from September 13, 2021 to May 4, 2022 in its HD remastered form.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Stalcup|first=Jamie|date=August 16, 2021|title=WarnerMedia Sets Cartoonito Launch Date & Slate|url=https://worldscreen.com/tvkids/warnermedia-sets-cartoonito-launch-date-slate/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816131416/https://worldscreen.com/tvkids/warnermedia-sets-cartoonito-launch-date-slate/|archive-date=August 16, 2021|access-date=August 16, 2021|website=TVKIDS|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release |date=August 16, 2021 |title=WarnerMedia Kids & Family Sets Sept. 13 for Cartoonito Preschool Block on HBO Max and Cartoon Network |url=https://pressroom.warnermedia.com/us/media-release/cartoon-network-9/warnermedia-kids-family-sets-sept-13-cartoonito-preschool-block-hbo-max-and-cartoon |url-status=live |access-date=September 10, 2021 |website= |publisher=[[WarnerMedia]] |archive-date=September 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910235433/https://pressroom.warnermedia.com/us/media-release/cartoon-network-9/warnermedia-kids-family-sets-sept-13-cartoonito-preschool-block-hbo-max-and-cartoon}}</ref> PBS ultimately sold the rights for [[US$]]6.4&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web|title=2021 PBS Financial Report|url=https://d1qbemlbhjecig.cloudfront.net/prod/filer_public/pbsabout-bento-live-pbs/Financial%20Reports/61a46ac10f_FY%202021%20Audited%20PBS%20Consolidated%20FS.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112035145/https://d1qbemlbhjecig.cloudfront.net/prod/filer_public/pbsabout-bento-live-pbs/Financial%20Reports/61a46ac10f_FY%202021%20Audited%20PBS%20Consolidated%20FS.pdf|archive-date=November 12, 2022|access-date=2022-11-11|website=PBS.org|page=16}}</ref> In Canada, [[Family Jr.]] continues to broadcast reruns since February 5, 2018. PBS Kids currently retains the physical media and streaming rights for the original series. [[Comcast]]/[[NBCUniversal]] acquired global streaming rights for the reboot series (via [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]]) as of 2022. == Home video releases == In the United States, Caillou videocassettes and DVDs have been released by PBS Distribution (originally distributed through [[Warner Home Video]] until 2004, and then Paramount Home Entertainment from 2006 to 2010, and now self-distributed). From 2003 to 2006, the DVDs with puppets and [[Jaclyn Linetsky]] were compilations from 2003 through 2006, and one of them is in memory of Linetsky herself. For the franchise's 25th anniversary, a DVD/book combo pack reissue of ''Caillou's Family Favourites'' was released on October 14, 2014, by PBS Distribution,<ref name="combo">{{cite web|last=Zahn|first=James|date=September 4, 2014|title=25th Anniversary of Caillou: CAILLOU's FAMILY FAVORITES DVD/Book Combo Pack due in October...|url=http://www.therockfather.com/news-and-reviews/movie-and-tv/item/2790-25th-anniversary-of-caillou-caillous-family-favorites-dvd-book-combo-pack-due-in-october|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021144017/http://www.therockfather.com/news-and-reviews/movie-and-tv/item/2790-25th-anniversary-of-caillou-caillous-family-favorites-dvd-book-combo-pack-due-in-october|archive-date=October 21, 2014|access-date=October 25, 2014}}</ref> while a [[DVD]] reissue of ''Caillou's Holiday Movie'' was released on November 11, 2014 by NCircle Entertainment.<ref name="holidaymovie">{{cite web|title=''Caillou's Holiday Movie'' – NCircle Entertainment|url=https://www.amazon.com/Caillous-Holiday-Movie-Caillou/dp/B00K0MM4KM|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018175231/http://www.amazon.com/Caillous-Holiday-Movie-Caillou/dp/B00K0MM4KM|archive-date=October 18, 2014|access-date=October 25, 2014|website=Amazon}}</ref> In Canada, Sony Wonder originally released Caillou on VHS and DVD, and after the closure of the division by Sony, were moved to Vivendi Entertainment Canada. Since 2012, Caillou DVDs are distributed by [[Entertainment One]] and after their purchase of Phase 4 Films in 2015, are released through the KaBoom Entertainment label. ==Music from the series== In 2003, an album titled ''Caillou's Favourite Songs'' was released by [[Kid Rhino]] under the [[Cinar|Cinar Music]] imprint.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/caillous-favorite-songs-mw0000020714 |title=Caillou's Favorite Songs - Caillou - Songs, Reviews, Credits - AllMusic |website=AllMusic |access-date=September 26, 2016 |archive-date=October 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013230510/http://www.allmusic.com/album/caillous-favorite-songs-mw0000020714 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==Revival== ===YouTube series=== Beginning in late 2016, a new ''Caillou'' web series for YouTube premiered on the official Caillou channel and was later released onto [[Amazon Prime Instant Video|Amazon Prime]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Caillou's New Adventures {{!}} Prime Video | work=amazon.com | access-date=January 22, 2021 | url=https://www.amazon.com/Caillous-New-Adventures/dp/B075SJTJQ3 | archive-date=May 21, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521184508/https://www.amazon.com/Caillous-New-Adventures/dp/B075SJTJQ3 | url-status=live }}</ref> These shorts are mainly remakes of older episodes and are produced by WildBrain Spark Studios, a subsidiary of WildBrain that produces original content for their [[WildBrain Spark]] network. However, the videos were not made available to YouTube users in the United States until 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8XvIF6dDmUtE3cHtvTPANX678A4qScr7 |title=New Caillou Webisodes &#124; Animated Cartoons for Kids |publisher=YouTube |access-date=January 23, 2021 |archive-date=May 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521184506/https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8XvIF6dDmUtE3cHtvTPANX678A4qScr7 |url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2021, it was announced that Cartoon Network licensed the series for broadcast on U.S. television.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://investors.wildbrain.com/2021-09-14-WildBrain-Reports-Q4-and-Full-Year-2021-Results |title=WildBrain Reports Q4 and Full Year 2021 Results |website=Investors - WildBrain |accessdate=September 16, 2021 |archive-date=September 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916030022/https://investors.wildbrain.com/2021-09-14-WildBrain-Reports-Q4-and-Full-Year-2021-Results |url-status=live}}</ref> ===Reboot and specials=== In September 2021, WildBrain announced the production of five new 45-minute specials based on the franchise for [[Family Jr.]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.skwigly.co.uk/wildbrain-television-family-animation/ |title=New family animation for WildBrain Television gets greenlit |date=September 2021 |access-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707022117/https://www.skwigly.co.uk/wildbrain-television-family-animation/ |url-status=live}}</ref> These specials are the first ''Caillou'' related media to be produced in computer animation, and will focus on Christmas, Halloween, Family Day, Summer Vacation and National Anti-Bullying Day. The specials will be produced by WildBrain Studios, Splash Entertainment, and Mainframe Studios, with animation provided by [[WildBrain Studios#IoM Media Ventures|IoM Media Ventures]].<ref name="animationmagazine.net">{{cite web |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/streaming/peacock-slates-cg-caillou-reboot-lil-stompers-the-bad-guys-streams-friday/ |title=Peacock Slates CG 'Caillou' Reboot, 'L'il Stompers'; 'The Bad Guys' Streams Friday |date=June 28, 2022 |access-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707220309/https://www.animationmagazine.net/streaming/peacock-slates-cg-caillou-reboot-lil-stompers-the-bad-guys-streams-friday/ |url-status=live}}</ref> In June 2022, WildBrain announced they teamed with [[Comcast]]'s [[NBCUniversal Television and Streaming|streaming platform]], [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]], to produce a new series of the show, consisting of 52 11-minute episodes to go along with those specials.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WILDBRAIN AND PEACOCK PARTNER ON CAILLOU FOR NEW CG-ANIMATED SERIES AND FIVE FAMILY SPECIALS |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/wildbrain-peacock-partner-caillou-cg-114500486.html |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=Yahoo! Finance |date=June 24, 2022 |archive-date=June 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624201640/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/wildbrain-peacock-partner-caillou-cg-114500486.html |url-status=live}}</ref> It was set to premiere in 2023, with IoM also providing animation production as the specials are. Despite the specials being released on Peacock, it is now confirmed to stream on February 15, 2024.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Swift |first1=Andy |title=Caillou Is Being Rebooted in CGI Form, Whether You Want Him Back or Not |url=https://tvline.com/2022/06/28/caillou-reboot-peacock-cgi-first-look/ |website=TVLine |access-date=June 28, 2022 |date=June 28, 2022 |archive-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628171112/https://tvline.com/2022/06/28/caillou-reboot-peacock-cgi-first-look/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The first special: ''Rosie the Giant'', which focuses on the effects of bullying, simultaneously premiered in Canada and the United States on Family Jr. and Peacock respectively on July 10, 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBr-tDDBKD8 |title=CAILLOU: ROSIE THE GIANT &#124; Trailer |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=July 13, 2022 |archive-date=July 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713132111/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBr-tDDBKD8&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=live}}</ref> The second special: ''Adventures with Grandma and Grandpa'', which focuses on Caillou visiting his grandparents for a sleepover at their beach house, premiered on Family Jr., and Peacock on August 25, 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/caillou-prepares-plunge-first-look-153041770.html |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=Aug 22, 2022 |first=Andy |last=Swift |title=Caillou Prepares to Take the Plunge in First Look at New CGI Special |access-date=September 15, 2022 |archive-date=September 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915194041/https://news.yahoo.com/caillou-prepares-plunge-first-look-153041770.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The third special: ''The Bravest Wolf Boy'', which focuses on Halloween, premiered on Family Jr., and Peacock on October 15, 2022. The four special: ''The Silver Knight'', which focuses on imaginative play, premiered on Family Jr., and Peacock on November 13, 2022. The fifth special, ''Caillou's Perfect Christmas'', which focuses on Christmas, premiered on Family Jr., and Peacock on December 2, 2022. ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{Former PBS Kids original programming}} [[Category:1990s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:1997 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:2000s American children's television series]] [[Category:2000s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:2000s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:2000 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2010s American animated television series]] [[Category:2010s American children's television series]] [[Category:2010s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:2010s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:2011 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:2013 American television series endings]] [[Category:American animated television series]] [[Category:American children's television series]] [[Category:Animated television series about children]] [[Category:Caillou]] [[Category:Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:Canadian English-language television shows]] [[Category:Children's television series about talking animals]] [[Category:French-language television programs]] [[Category:PBS Kids shows]] [[Category:Television series about families]] [[Category:Television series about friendship]] [[Category:Television series by Cookie Jar Entertainment]] 8hpuav5t8g00d6bh3xclt11v0je7i6f 10368361 10368322 2025-07-02T22:20:04Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C revert disrupting editing 10368361 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Canadian English}} {{Use Canadian English|date=July 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=July 2025}} {{Infobox television | image = Caillou logo.png | image_alt = | caption = | alt_name = | genre = {{Plainlist| * Animation * Children * [[Adventure]] }} | creator = Hélène Desputeaux<br />Christine L'Heureux | based_on = ''[[Caillou (book series)|Caillou]]'' by Hélène Desputeaux<ref name="RAAV2015">[http://www.raav.org/last-2005-caillou-agreement-made-public-0 "At last, the 2005 Caillou agreement is made public"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327161402/http://www.raav.org/last-2005-caillou-agreement-made-public-0 |date=March 27, 2016 }}. ''Regroupement des artistes en arts visuels du Québec''. Retrieved on November 2, 2015.</ref><ref name="Devoir8-10-15">{{cite news |last1=Baillargeon |first1=Stéphane |title=L'entente secrète de 2005 dévoilée |url=https://www.ledevoir.com/culture/actualites-culturelles/451948/livres-de-caillou-une-entente-secrete-datant-de-2005-a-propos |access-date=November 3, 2015 |work=Le Devoir |date=October 8, 2015 |archive-date=April 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411001640/https://www.ledevoir.com/culture/actualites-culturelles/451948/livres-de-caillou-une-entente-secrete-datant-de-2005-a-propos |url-status=live}}</ref> | developer = | writer = | director = | creative_director = | presenter = | starring = | voices = [[Bryn McAuley]] (season 1)<br />[[Jaclyn Linetsky]] (seasons 2-3)<br />[[Annie Bovaird]] (seasons 4-5)<br />Brigid Tierney (seasons 1-4)<br />Jesse Vinet (seasons 3-5)<br />Jennifer Seguin<br />Pat Fry<br />Pauline Little<br />George Morris<br />Jonathan Koensgen (seasons 1-3)<br />Ryan Tilson (season 4)<br />Graeme Jokic (season 5)<br />Sophie Uretsky (season 5)<br />Melissa Pirrera (season 1-2)<br />Amanda Tilson (seasons 3-5)<br />[[Holly Gauthier-Frankel]]<br />Ellen David | narrated = Marlee Shapiro | theme_music_composer = | opentheme = I'm Caillou by [[Bryn McAuley]] | endtheme = I'm Caillou (instrumental) | composer = Leon Aronson | country = Canada<br />South Africa <small>(season 5)</small> | language = {{Plainlist | * French * English }} | num_seasons = 5 | num_episodes = 92 (345 segments) | list_episodes = List of Caillou episodes#List of episodes | executive_producer = | producer = | editor = | location = | cinematography = | camera = | runtime = 22 minutes (4-5 5-minute segments) | company = {{Plainlist | * [[Cookie Jar Group|Cookie Jar Entertainment]] (Canada){{efn|Previously known as '''CINAR Films''' for the first season, and then later known as '''CINAR Corporation''' for the second, and third seasons.<br>Produced as '''Caillou Productions''' (S1), '''Four Me Productions''' (S2-3), '''Caillou IV Productions''' (S4), and '''Caillou V Productions''' (S5).}} * Clockwork Zoo (season 5, South Africa) }} | channel = {{Plainlist | * [[Teletoon]] (seasons 1–4) * [[Treehouse TV]] (season 5) }} | first_aired = {{Start date|1997|09|15}} | last_aired = {{End date|2011|04|17}} }} '''''Caillou''''' ({{IPAc-en|k|ɑː |j|ʊ|,_|-|j|uː|}} {{respell|kah|yuu|,_-|yoo}}; {{IPA-fr|kaju|lang}}, stylized in [[lowercase]]) is a Canadian animated educational [[children's television series]] that aired on [[Cartoon Network Canada|Teletoon]] on September 15, 1997 until September 7, 2009, it was later moved to [[Treehouse TV]], and the series finale aired on April 17, 2011. On September 4, 2000, the episode segments was set in the United States, it divided into stories and formed as compilation, also aired on [[PBS Kids]] until December 27, 2020 and the compilation finale reruns on April 15, 2013. Based on the books by Hélène Desputeaux,<ref name="RAAV2015" /><ref name="Devoir8-10-15" /> it focuses on a four-year-old boy named Caillou who is fascinated by the world around him. The series was produced in Canada by [[Cookie Jar Group|CINAR Corporation]] (later Cookie Jar Entertainment) while the fifth and final season was produced in association with the South African studio Clockwork Zoo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.animationsa.org/community/press-releases/clockwork-zoo/clockwork-zoo-begins-key-animation-caillou |title=Clockwork Zoo begins key animation on Caillou &#124; Animation SA |date=January 22, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122212054/http://www.animationsa.org/community/press-releases/clockwork-zoo/clockwork-zoo-begins-key-animation-caillou |access-date=July 18, 2021 |archive-date=January 22, 2010}}</ref> The series is being followed by a computer-animated reboot series since February 15, 2024, set to premiere on [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]] with 50 11-minute episodes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WILDBRAIN AND PEACOCK PARTNER ON CAILLOU FOR NEW CG-ANIMATED SERIES AND FIVE FAMILY SPECIALS |url=https://www.wildbrain.com/newsreleases/wildbrain-and-peacock-partner-on-caillou-for-new-cg-animated-series-and-five-family-specials/ |access-date=2023-05-04 |website=WildBrain |language=en-US}}</ref> The series received initial positive reviews from critics and audiences. Contrarily, in the years following its release, the series saw a more negative reception and sparked backlash regarding its themes and writing. ==Plot== Caillou lives in [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], with his mother Doris, father Boris, and sister Rosie. He has many adventures with his family and friends, and uses his imagination in every episode. On [[PBS Kids]], each episode in first through third series has a theme and is divided into several short sections that mix animation, puppet skits, and video of [[live-action]] children in real-life situations. Between seasons 4 and 6, the episodes are divided into three short sections, the puppet segment was dropped, alongside the "Real Kids" version of the segment. During the first season, many of the stories in the animated version began with a grandmother (who is also the series narrator) introducing the story to her grandchildren, then reading the story from a book. Starting in the second season, the narrator and grandmother is an unseen character. ==Characters== ===Major characters=== <!-- Keep the characters' sections brief. Every minor detail about the characters does not need to be included, as this is not the Caillou Wikia. --> ====Caillou==== Caillou (voiced by [[Bryn McAuley]] in 1997, then [[Jaclyn Linetsky]] in 2000 until 2002, and then, due to Linetsky's death, [[Annie Bovaird]] from 2003 to 2011) meaning ''pebble'' or ''stone'' in [[French language|French]], (nicknamed by himself The Prince of Imagination),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://shop.pbskids.org/caillou-stars-red-trick-or-treat-bag |website=PBSkids.org |title=Caillou & Stars Red Trick-Or-Treat Bag |quote=Caillou is surrounded by stars on a personalized swag bag that's ready for Halloween treats. The Prince of Imagination is here to make it a Happy Halloween! |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170506063946/http://shop.pbskids.org/caillou-stars-red-trick-or-treat-bag |archive-date=May 6, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> is the title character of the show. Caillou was first shown in the episode "Caillou Makes Cookies", which aired on September 15, 1997. Caillou is an imaginative four-year-old<ref name="About" /> boy with a love for forms of transportive machinery such as rocket ships and airplanes. A dreamer, Caillou is inclined to frequent dream sequences in some episodes, visualizing his daydreams and wishes, and many episodes describe his normal daily experiences with his parents, friends, and neighbours. Caillou particularly loves his stuffed dinosaur, Rexy, and [[teddy bear]], Teddy, along with his pet cat Gilbert, all of whom are depicted as puppets in segments featured in the earlier episodes. He is Boris and Doris's son as well as Rosie's older brother. ====Caillou's family==== * Rosie (French name: ''Mousseline'') – Caillou's lively younger sister and Boris and Doris's daughter who is a typical toddler. She is two years old.<ref name="About">{{cite web |title=About |url=https://en.caillou.com/about |website=Caillou.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331072935/https://en.caillou.com/about |archive-date=March 31, 2016 |quote=Meet Caillou, the lovable four-year old<br />Meet Caillou's little sister, Rosie! At 2 years old, Rosie is a giggly little girl who loves to play tricks on her big brother.<br />Meet Caillou's Mom, Doris! Although some know her in the workplace as Doris, she's known as Mommy in Caillou's household.<br />Meet Caillou's Dad, Boris!<br />Meet Caillou's Grandpa! Grandpa always takes Caillou on fun adventures – like fishing, riding the bus through town and camping! He is Caillou's Daddy's father}}</ref> She always wants to take part in the same activities as Caillou. In later seasons of the series, she becomes more talkative and independent. She wears a blue dress, red socks and blue Mary Jane shoes. Rosie fights with Caillou for some reasons, but they still love each other. She appears to be the only family member with orange hair. Rosie was first voiced by Brigid Tierney from 1997 to 2001, then Jesse Vinet from 2002 to 2011. * Doris<ref name="About" />/Mommy – Caillou and Rosie's mother as well as Boris's wife and Grandma and Grandpa's daughter-in-law. She is a busy homemaker most of the time but is seen to work in an office, as well. Caillou occasionally helps his mother with different chores, and she often takes time to involve Caillou and his friends in activities such as crafts and baking. She is predominantly dressed in a red blouse with white trim, blue headband, ankle-length blue jeans and blue shoes with green soles. Voiced by Jennifer Seguin. * Boris<ref name="About" />/Daddy – Caillou and Rosie's father as well as Doris's husband. He wears a green sweater with a red trim with blue jeans. In the episode "Caillou The Chef" he says he once worked at a restaurant and made pizza.<ref name="Caillou the Chef">''Caillou'' Episode – "Caillou the Chef" (Season 4)</ref> He and Caillou occasionally work on projects around the house together. He is voiced by Pat Fry. * Gilbert – Caillou's pet cat. In the puppet segments, he is shown to be knowledgeable about things which are foreign to Rexy and Teddy. * Grandma – Caillou and Rosie's paternal grandmother as well as Doris's mother-in-law. Grandma is a very active lady who loves the arts and the outdoors. She passes that love onto Caillou. Grandma often comes up with creative ideas to solve Caillou's problems. She and Caillou paint and go bird-watching together. Voiced by Pauline Little. * Grandpa – Caillou and Rosie's paternal<ref name="About" /> grandfather as well as Doris's father-in-law. He takes Caillou on adventures, often going on walks and riding the bus throughout the town where they reside. In the 1997 episode "Caillou's Hiding Place", he showed Caillou a hidden area inside a tree in the backyard.<ref name="Caillou's Hiding Place">''Caillou'' Episode – "Caillou's Hiding Place"</ref> In the 1997 episode "Caillou Goes Camping", he and Caillou camp in the backyard. He is Daddy's father and loves to tell stories about when Caillou's father was a little boy. He wears a blue shirt. Voiced by George Morris. ====Caillou's friends and neighbours==== * Mr. Hinkle (French name: ''Monsieur Lajoie'') – Caillou's neighbour, introduced in the 1997 episode "Caillou's Not Afraid Anymore". He has a gold tooth. In the episode "Farmer for the Day", it is stated that his first name is Paul. * Leo – A boy who started out as a bully in the 1997 episode "Caillou at Daycare", but quickly befriended Caillou in the same episode. They have been inseparable since. He is of Jewish faith and celebrates Hanukkah (stated in ''Caillou's Holiday Movie''). Voiced by Jonathan Koensgen from 1997 to 2003, Vince Davies in ''Caillou's Holiday Movie'', Ryan Tilson from 2006 until 2007, and Graeme Jokic from 2010 until 2011. * Clementine – Clementine was the first to befriend Caillou in the 1997 episode "Caillou at Daycare". She can get rather bossy for some reasons, but all in all she is pretty understanding. She is of African-Canadian descent. Caillou has a crush on her, as indicated in "Caillou's Valentines" (season 4, episode 19). She is voiced by Brigid Tierney from 1997 to 2007, and Sophie Uretsky from 2010 until 2011. * Sarah – Caillou's friend, whom he first met in the 1997 episode "Caillou Goes Around the Block". She is of Chinese descent and celebrates Chinese New Year. She has a cousin in an episode where she invites Caillou to celebrate Chinese New Year. In another she invites him to school for "Bring Your Younger Siblings to School Day" because she has no siblings. Sarah has a pet cat named Olly and a dog named Murphy. Sarah is voiced by Melissa Pirrera, and then Amanda Tilson. * André – A orange-headed boy, André is introduced in the 1997 episode "Caillou's Big Friend" and usually wears red sandals. According to the song "Days of the Week", released on the Caillou music CD ''Caillou and Friends'', Caillou plays with him every Saturday. André enjoys biking and soccer. * Julie – Caillou's and Rosie's teenage babysitter. She has blonde hair in a ponytail, and enjoys playing with Caillou and Rosie. Voiced by [[Holly Gauthier-Frankel]]. * Jason and Jeffrey – Identical twin brothers who are of Hispanic descent. They both enjoy eating pizza. Initially, they wore identical clothes. By Season 4, though, Jason began wearing a shirt with inverted colours so it's easier to tell them apart. They are both in Caillou's playschool class. The first episode they appeared in "New Kids on the Block". * Billy – Clementine's older brother. He is usually seen playing in a band with his friends or playing sports. Voiced by Michael Caloz in Season 1. * Miss Martin – Caillou's preschool teacher. She has orange hair and wears red overalls with a long-sleeved white shirt. According to the 2006 episode "A Surprise for Ms. Martin" her birthday is in June. Her first name is Ann; this was stated in "Caillou Goes to Daycare". Voiced by Ellen David. * Jonas – Boris friend from before he met Doris. He lives on a ranch and has a horse named Lucky. Jonas appears in four episodes and in ''Caillou's Holiday Movie''. Voiced by Brian Wrench. * Emma – A girl in Caillou's playschool class who dislikes loud noises, wearing red.<ref name="Caillou's Marching Band">''Caillou'' Episode – "Caillou's Marching Band"</ref> It is stated in an episode that she has Type 1 Diabetes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ket.org/tvschedules/episode.php?nola=CAIU++000516 |title=Caillou – Caillou's Discoveries |publisher=KET |access-date=March 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203054418/http://www.ket.org/tvschedules/episode.php?nola=CAIU++000516 |archive-date=December 3, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * Xavier – A boy in Caillou's playschool class who has brown hair and wears blue overalls. ====The puppets==== The puppet segments were used only on the [[PBS Kids]] broadcasts of ''Caillou'' from 2000 to 2003 between the first and third seasons, as continuity to fill time usually taken up by commercial breaks during the original broadcasts; later episodes on PBS did not include the puppet segment continuity. * Gilbert – Caillou's pet cat. He has greyish-bluish fur with black stripes and loathes dogs with a passion. He especially dislikes the bulldog in the neighbourhood. In the puppet segments of the series, Gilbert often consists odes. Puppeteered by Bob Stutt. * Rexy – Caillou's blue toy dinosaur and speaks in a somewhat foreign accent, he is very playful. Rexy has the incapability to give a "good" hug. Rexy is noted for being rather pedantic. He is often teased about his speech impediment, and tends to react violently to any mention of it. Puppeteered by Pier Parquette and voiced by [[Rick Jones (voice actor)|Rick Jones]]. * Teddy – An old teddy bear that once belonged to Caillou's father, and now belongs to Caillou, Teddy is reasonable and nice. He is somewhat pessimistic, but all in all, he just needs a hug. Puppeteered by Frank Meschkuleit. * Deedee – A brown squirrel, she has a bushy tail, and is often seen playing with Rexy. Deedee first appeared as a baby squirrel when Rexy found on the ground lost from her family. Deedee lives in Caillou's backyard where most of the puppet segments take place. She never appeared in Season 3. Puppeteered by Wendy Welch and voiced by [[Holly Gauthier-Frankel]]. ==Episodes== ===Original series=== {{main|List of Caillou episodes}} {{:List of Caillou episodes}} ===PBS series=== {{Main|List of Caillou episodes (PBS)}} {{:List of Caillou episodes (PBS)}} ==Production== ''Caillou'' books have been published by Chouette Publishing Inc. since 1987.<ref name="Baby Caillou">{{cite web |url=http://www.chouette-publishing.com/EN/caillou/history |title=Caillou - Creation |publisher=Chouette Publishing |access-date=October 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923203002/http://www.chouette-publishing.com/EN/caillou/history |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The series was originally broadcast in French in Canada, and the episodes were later translated into English. The original books were also in French, and English. ''Caillou'' was designed primarily for [[toddler]]s. It was created by child developmental psychologists. On September 15, 1997, 13 30-minute episodes (65 5-minute segments) of ''Caillou'' were aired in Canada and in selected markets worldwide, including the United States. On August 23, 2000, there were 20 30-minute episodes of the series, containing a mixture of new stories. On September 4, 2000, there were 29 30-minute episodes of the series, containing a mixture of the five-minute episodes plus new stories, songs, real kids segments and puppets. These were followed by another 11 30-minute episodes containing a mixture of the five-minute episodes plus new stories, songs, real kids segments, and puppets on October 3, 2000, another 13 30-minute episodes containing all-new stories on January 12, 2002, and another 16 30-minute episodes containing all-new stories on January 2, 2003. The film ''Caillou's Holiday Movie'' was released on October 7, 2003. On January 13, 2006, and April 1, 2006, a new set of 20 30-minute episodes finally premiered after a three-year hiatus. Caillou started attending preschool and there were new themes and a new opening. The series was renewed for a first, and second season in 2000, and a third season in 2003,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Caillou Back for Season Two |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/caillou-back-for-season-two/ |last=Ball |first=Ryan |date=February 10, 2003 |website=Animation Magazine |language=en-US |access-date=May 24, 2020 |archive-date=May 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521184509/https://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/caillou-back-for-season-two/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and later a fourth season in 2006, and a fifth season in 2013. The fifth season was animated by South Africa-based studio Clockwork Zoo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100122212054/http://www.animationsa.org/community/press-releases/clockwork-zoo/clockwork-zoo-begins-key-animation-caillou] "Clockwork Zoo begins key animation on Caillou | Animation SA"</ref> On November 14, 2012, the fourth season of the series was pre-sold to [[PBS Kids]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kidscreen.com/2012/11/14/dhx-media-sells-fourth-season-of-caillou-to-pbs-kids/ |work=KidScreen |title=DHX Media sells fourth season of Caillou to PBS Kids |access-date=January 22, 2013 |archive-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627233919/https://kidscreen.com/2012/11/14/dhx-media-sells-fourth-season-of-caillou-to-pbs-kids/ |url-status=live}}</ref> ==Reception== ===Critical response=== ''Caillou'' initially received generally positive reviews from television critics and parents of young children. The staff of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' wrote that its protagonist "embellish[es] everything he sees with his rich imagination."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/08/01/caillou/ |title=Caillou |last=EW Staff |date=August 1, 2012 |website=EW.com |language=EN |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415075610/https://ew.com/article/2012/08/01/caillou/ |archive-date=April 15, 2020 |access-date=March 17, 2020}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' wrote "''Caillou'' looks at the world through the eyes of its 4-year-old namesake [and] takes life's not-always-so-simple lessons and presents them in a way preschoolers can understand."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/07/tv/for-young-viewers-sharing-the-small-stuff.html |title=FOR YOUNG VIEWERS; Sharing the Small Stuff |date=October 7, 2001 |work=The New York Times |access-date=March 17, 2020 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=April 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415081456/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/07/tv/for-young-viewers-sharing-the-small-stuff.html |url-status=live}}</ref> while Lynne Heffley of the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that "each animated episode is an unusually realistic reflection of a preschooler's daily fun, family interaction, challenges, disappointments and misunderstandings as Caillou grows and learns to make sense of his world", also describing it as "a virtual guidebook for parents and caregivers".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-sep-04-ca-15135-story.html |title=Kids' Series Give Gentle Life Lessons Television Review |last=Heffley |first=Lynne |date=September 4, 2000 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322041601/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-sep-04-ca-15135-story.html |archive-date=March 22, 2020 |access-date=March 22, 2020}}</ref> ====Controversy==== As the years progressed, however, the show drew criticism for the perceived incorrectness of the lessons gleaned through numerous events, mostly from the first season, as well as some episodes from the second season and third season. In a ''[[National Post]]'' column, writer Tristin Hopper identified ''Caillou'' to be "quite possibly the world's most universally reviled children's program". A common criticism towards the series is that the titular character behaves like a spoiled child and suffers no consequences from his parents for his behaviour.<ref name="NationalPost">{{cite news |last=Hopper |first=Tristin |date=May 1, 2017 |title=Caillou is an aggressively bad show ruining the world's children... and it's all Canada's fault |journal=[[National Post]] |publisher=[[Postmedia Network]] |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/analysis-caillou-is-an-aggressively-bad-show-ruining-the-worlds-children-and-its-all-canadas-fault |access-date=January 7, 2021}}</ref> One example of Caillou's bad behaviour is in the episode ''Caillou Joins the Circus'', in which he throws a tantrum after discovering the postponement of a planned circus event. Another episode, ''Big Brother Caillou'', features Caillou being jealous of the level of attention received by his baby sister Rosie to the point where he pinches her; most considered this to be a minor improvement over the original book the episode was based on, in which Caillou bit Rosie. When the series started airing on [[Cartoonito]] in 2021, the pinching scene was cut out. Hopper once said: "Unlike most children's programming, Caillou makes almost no attempt to educate its young audience. There are no veiled math problems, spelling lessons or morality tales; it's just calm, non-threatening, bright-coloured people navigating everyday tasks". These criticisms of the series's titular character have been echoed on online platforms.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/this-is-how-much-people-hate-caillou_n_58d05f98e4b0be71dcf766a9 |title=This Is How Much People Hate 'Caillou' |date=2017-04-03 |website=HuffPost |language=en |access-date=2020-04-28 |archive-date=November 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106072429/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/this-is-how-much-people-hate-caillou_n_58d05f98e4b0be71dcf766a9 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Last Week Tonight with John Oliver|''Last Week Tonight'']] host [[John Oliver]] referenced Caillou in a comparison of boring things against [[net neutrality]], going on to insult Caillou for its themes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fpbOEoRrHyU&ab_channel=LastWeekTonight |title=Net Neutrality: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver |website=[[YouTube]] |language=en-US |access-date=2022-09-25 |archive-date=September 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925194210/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fpbOEoRrHyU&ab_channel=LastWeekTonight |url-status=live}}</ref> As Caillou appeared as a much younger child in the original line of children's books, he originally had no hair.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://screenrant.com/why-doesnt-caillou-have-hair-explained/ |title=Why Doesn't Caillou Have Hair - Why He's Always Remained Bald - Screen Rant |website=[[Screen Rant]] |date=April 18, 2022 |access-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628204238/https://screenrant.com/why-doesnt-caillou-have-hair-explained/ |url-status=live}}</ref> When illustrators found that adding hair made him look unrecognizable, it was decided that Caillou would never have hair.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Public Broadcasting Service |title=FAQ |website=[[PBS]] |url=https://www.pbs.org/parents/caillou/faq.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826103455/https://www.pbs.org/parents/caillou/faq.html |archive-date=26 August 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="chouettebald">{{cite web |url=http://www.chouette-publishing.com/EN/why-caillou-bald |author=Chouette |publisher=Chouette |title=Why is Caillou bald? |access-date=October 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923203004/http://www.chouette-publishing.com/EN/why-caillou-bald |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> This decision led to an [[internet meme]] asserting that the protagonist has [[cancer]] or pediatric alopecia.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/12/08/why-is-caillou-bald_n_8748996.html |title=Why Is Caillou Bald? |date=2015-12-08 |website=HuffPost Canada |language=en |access-date=2020-04-28 |archive-date=November 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107142916/https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/12/08/why-is-caillou-bald_n_8748996.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The series' parody of the series, this titular character has a whiny spoiled brat is worse than Dora Winifred Read and Muffy Crosswire from ''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]''. ==Broadcast== ''Caillou'' first aired on Canada's French-language [[Télétoon]] channel on September 15, 1997, and was the first series aired on the English-language [[Cartoon Network Canada|Teletoon]] when it launched on October 17 of that year.<ref name="5ecaillou">{{cite web|title=CORPORATION CINAR CÉLÈBRE LE 5e ANNIVERSAIRE DE CAILLOU À LA TÉLÉVISION|url=http://www.cinar.com/pdfdocument/091702/5ecaillou.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030314145722/http://www.cinar.com/pdfdocument/091702/5ecaillou.pdf|archive-date=March 14, 2003|access-date=December 22, 2013}}</ref> The series was moved to Treehouse TV in 2010. ''Caillou'' made its U.S. debut on [[PBS Kids]] on September 4, 2000, and ran on that network until December 27, 2020. Reruns started airing on PBS Kids Sprout (later known as simply Sprout) on its launch on September 26, 2005. While Sprout rebranded into [[Universal Kids]] on September 9, 2017, the show remained on the channel until it was taken off the line-up at the beginning of April 2019. On January 5, 2021, PBS Kids announced on Twitter that they would no longer broadcast reruns of ''Caillou''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Madden Toby|first=Mekeisha|date=January 5, 2021|title=Caillou Cancelled at PBS Kids (as Parents Everywhere Rejoice)|url=https://tvline.com/2021/01/05/caillou-cancelled-pbs-kids/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106135148/https://tvline.com/2021/01/05/caillou-cancelled-pbs-kids/|archive-date=January 6, 2021|access-date=January 5, 2021|website=[[TVLine]]}}</ref> ''[[Deadline Hollywood]]'' reported that many parents and viewers celebrated the news of the cancellation, as they have complained that ''Caillou'' had taught their kids bad lessons and encouraged them to be bratty and whiny.<ref>{{cite web|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=January 6, 2021|title=''Caillou'' Canceled By PBS & Parents Couldn't Be Happier|url=https://deadline.com/2021/01/caillou-canceled-pbs-parents-happier-1234665631/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127015153/https://deadline.com/2021/01/caillou-canceled-pbs-parents-happier-1234665631/|archive-date=January 27, 2023|access-date=January 27, 2023|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> On August 16, 2021, it was announced that [[Cartoon Network]] had acquired the U.S.-broadcast rights to the series after PBS' rights expired, with reruns of the series airing on [[Cartoonito (American programming block)|Cartoonito]] from September 13, 2021 to May 4, 2022 in its HD remastered form.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Stalcup|first=Jamie|date=August 16, 2021|title=WarnerMedia Sets Cartoonito Launch Date & Slate|url=https://worldscreen.com/tvkids/warnermedia-sets-cartoonito-launch-date-slate/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816131416/https://worldscreen.com/tvkids/warnermedia-sets-cartoonito-launch-date-slate/|archive-date=August 16, 2021|access-date=August 16, 2021|website=TVKIDS|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release |date=August 16, 2021 |title=WarnerMedia Kids & Family Sets Sept. 13 for Cartoonito Preschool Block on HBO Max and Cartoon Network |url=https://pressroom.warnermedia.com/us/media-release/cartoon-network-9/warnermedia-kids-family-sets-sept-13-cartoonito-preschool-block-hbo-max-and-cartoon |url-status=live |access-date=September 10, 2021 |website= |publisher=[[WarnerMedia]] |archive-date=September 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910235433/https://pressroom.warnermedia.com/us/media-release/cartoon-network-9/warnermedia-kids-family-sets-sept-13-cartoonito-preschool-block-hbo-max-and-cartoon}}</ref> PBS ultimately sold the rights for [[US$]]6.4&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web|title=2021 PBS Financial Report|url=https://d1qbemlbhjecig.cloudfront.net/prod/filer_public/pbsabout-bento-live-pbs/Financial%20Reports/61a46ac10f_FY%202021%20Audited%20PBS%20Consolidated%20FS.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112035145/https://d1qbemlbhjecig.cloudfront.net/prod/filer_public/pbsabout-bento-live-pbs/Financial%20Reports/61a46ac10f_FY%202021%20Audited%20PBS%20Consolidated%20FS.pdf|archive-date=November 12, 2022|access-date=2022-11-11|website=PBS.org|page=16}}</ref> In Canada, [[Family Jr.]] continues to broadcast reruns since February 5, 2018. PBS Kids currently retains the physical media and streaming rights for the original series. [[Comcast]]/[[NBCUniversal]] acquired global streaming rights for the reboot series (via [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]]) as of 2022. == Home video releases == In the United States, Caillou videocassettes and DVDs have been released by PBS Distribution (originally distributed through [[Warner Home Video]] until 2004, and then Paramount Home Entertainment from 2006 to 2010, and now self-distributed). From 2003 to 2006, the DVDs with puppets and [[Jaclyn Linetsky]] were compilations from 2003 through 2006, and one of them is in memory of Linetsky herself. For the franchise's 25th anniversary, a DVD/book combo pack reissue of ''Caillou's Family Favourites'' was released on October 14, 2014, by PBS Distribution,<ref name="combo">{{cite web|last=Zahn|first=James|date=September 4, 2014|title=25th Anniversary of Caillou: CAILLOU's FAMILY FAVORITES DVD/Book Combo Pack due in October...|url=http://www.therockfather.com/news-and-reviews/movie-and-tv/item/2790-25th-anniversary-of-caillou-caillous-family-favorites-dvd-book-combo-pack-due-in-october|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021144017/http://www.therockfather.com/news-and-reviews/movie-and-tv/item/2790-25th-anniversary-of-caillou-caillous-family-favorites-dvd-book-combo-pack-due-in-october|archive-date=October 21, 2014|access-date=October 25, 2014}}</ref> while a [[DVD]] reissue of ''Caillou's Holiday Movie'' was released on November 11, 2014 by NCircle Entertainment.<ref name="holidaymovie">{{cite web|title=''Caillou's Holiday Movie'' – NCircle Entertainment|url=https://www.amazon.com/Caillous-Holiday-Movie-Caillou/dp/B00K0MM4KM|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018175231/http://www.amazon.com/Caillous-Holiday-Movie-Caillou/dp/B00K0MM4KM|archive-date=October 18, 2014|access-date=October 25, 2014|website=Amazon}}</ref> In Canada, Sony Wonder originally released Caillou on VHS and DVD, and after the closure of the division by Sony, were moved to Vivendi Entertainment Canada. Since 2012, Caillou DVDs are distributed by [[Entertainment One]] and after their purchase of Phase 4 Films in 2015, are released through the KaBoom Entertainment label. ==Music from the series== In 2003, an album titled ''Caillou's Favourite Songs'' was released by [[Kid Rhino]] under the [[Cinar|Cinar Music]] imprint.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/caillous-favorite-songs-mw0000020714 |title=Caillou's Favorite Songs - Caillou - Songs, Reviews, Credits - AllMusic |website=AllMusic |access-date=September 26, 2016 |archive-date=October 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013230510/http://www.allmusic.com/album/caillous-favorite-songs-mw0000020714 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==Revival== ===YouTube series=== Beginning in late 2016, a new ''Caillou'' web series for YouTube premiered on the official Caillou channel and was later released onto [[Amazon Prime Instant Video|Amazon Prime]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Caillou's New Adventures {{!}} Prime Video | work=amazon.com | access-date=January 22, 2021 | url=https://www.amazon.com/Caillous-New-Adventures/dp/B075SJTJQ3 | archive-date=May 21, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521184508/https://www.amazon.com/Caillous-New-Adventures/dp/B075SJTJQ3 | url-status=live }}</ref> These shorts are mainly remakes of older episodes and are produced by WildBrain Spark Studios, a subsidiary of WildBrain that produces original content for their [[WildBrain Spark]] network. However, the videos were not made available to YouTube users in the United States until 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8XvIF6dDmUtE3cHtvTPANX678A4qScr7 |title=New Caillou Webisodes &#124; Animated Cartoons for Kids |publisher=YouTube |access-date=January 23, 2021 |archive-date=May 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521184506/https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8XvIF6dDmUtE3cHtvTPANX678A4qScr7 |url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2021, it was announced that Cartoon Network licensed the series for broadcast on U.S. television.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://investors.wildbrain.com/2021-09-14-WildBrain-Reports-Q4-and-Full-Year-2021-Results |title=WildBrain Reports Q4 and Full Year 2021 Results |website=Investors - WildBrain |accessdate=September 16, 2021 |archive-date=September 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916030022/https://investors.wildbrain.com/2021-09-14-WildBrain-Reports-Q4-and-Full-Year-2021-Results |url-status=live}}</ref> ===Reboot and specials=== In September 2021, WildBrain announced the production of five new 45-minute specials based on the franchise for [[Family Jr.]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.skwigly.co.uk/wildbrain-television-family-animation/ |title=New family animation for WildBrain Television gets greenlit |date=September 2021 |access-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707022117/https://www.skwigly.co.uk/wildbrain-television-family-animation/ |url-status=live}}</ref> These specials are the first ''Caillou'' related media to be produced in computer animation, and will focus on Christmas, Halloween, Family Day, Summer Vacation and National Anti-Bullying Day. The specials will be produced by WildBrain Studios, Splash Entertainment, and Mainframe Studios, with animation provided by [[WildBrain Studios#IoM Media Ventures|IoM Media Ventures]].<ref name="animationmagazine.net">{{cite web |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/streaming/peacock-slates-cg-caillou-reboot-lil-stompers-the-bad-guys-streams-friday/ |title=Peacock Slates CG 'Caillou' Reboot, 'L'il Stompers'; 'The Bad Guys' Streams Friday |date=June 28, 2022 |access-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707220309/https://www.animationmagazine.net/streaming/peacock-slates-cg-caillou-reboot-lil-stompers-the-bad-guys-streams-friday/ |url-status=live}}</ref> In June 2022, WildBrain announced they teamed with [[Comcast]]'s [[NBCUniversal Television and Streaming|streaming platform]], [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]], to produce a new series of the show, consisting of 52 11-minute episodes to go along with those specials.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WILDBRAIN AND PEACOCK PARTNER ON CAILLOU FOR NEW CG-ANIMATED SERIES AND FIVE FAMILY SPECIALS |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/wildbrain-peacock-partner-caillou-cg-114500486.html |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=Yahoo! Finance |date=June 24, 2022 |archive-date=June 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624201640/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/wildbrain-peacock-partner-caillou-cg-114500486.html |url-status=live}}</ref> It was set to premiere in 2023, with IoM also providing animation production as the specials are. Despite the specials being released on Peacock, it is now confirmed to stream on February 15, 2024.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Swift |first1=Andy |title=Caillou Is Being Rebooted in CGI Form, Whether You Want Him Back or Not |url=https://tvline.com/2022/06/28/caillou-reboot-peacock-cgi-first-look/ |website=TVLine |access-date=June 28, 2022 |date=June 28, 2022 |archive-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628171112/https://tvline.com/2022/06/28/caillou-reboot-peacock-cgi-first-look/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The first special: ''Rosie the Giant'', which focuses on the effects of bullying, simultaneously premiered in Canada and the United States on Family Jr. and Peacock respectively on July 10, 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBr-tDDBKD8 |title=CAILLOU: ROSIE THE GIANT &#124; Trailer |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=July 13, 2022 |archive-date=July 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713132111/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBr-tDDBKD8&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=live}}</ref> The second special: ''Adventures with Grandma and Grandpa'', which focuses on Caillou visiting his grandparents for a sleepover at their beach house, premiered on Family Jr., and Peacock on August 25, 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/caillou-prepares-plunge-first-look-153041770.html |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=Aug 22, 2022 |first=Andy |last=Swift |title=Caillou Prepares to Take the Plunge in First Look at New CGI Special |access-date=September 15, 2022 |archive-date=September 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915194041/https://news.yahoo.com/caillou-prepares-plunge-first-look-153041770.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The third special: ''The Bravest Wolf Boy'', which focuses on Halloween, premiered on Family Jr., and Peacock on October 15, 2022. The four special: ''The Silver Knight'', which focuses on imaginative play, premiered on Family Jr., and Peacock on November 13, 2022. The fifth special, ''Caillou's Perfect Christmas'', which focuses on Christmas, premiered on Family Jr., and Peacock on December 2, 2022. ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{Former PBS Kids original programming}} [[Category:1990s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:1997 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:2000s American children's television series]] [[Category:2000s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:2000s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:2000 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2010s American animated television series]] [[Category:2010s American children's television series]] [[Category:2010s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:2010s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:2011 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:2013 American television series endings]] [[Category:American animated television series]] [[Category:American children's television series]] [[Category:Animated television series about children]] [[Category:Caillou]] [[Category:Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:Canadian English-language television shows]] [[Category:Children's television series about talking animals]] [[Category:French-language television programs]] [[Category:PBS Kids shows]] [[Category:Television series about families]] [[Category:Television series about friendship]] [[Category:Television series by Cookie Jar Entertainment]] qkosfbv2yzexud03olurv13u8eleff9 10368704 10368361 2025-07-03T02:14:23Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Canadian English}} {{Use Canadian English|date=July 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=July 2025}} {{Infobox television | image = Caillou logo.png | image_alt = | caption = | alt_name = | genre = {{Plainlist| * Animation * Children * [[Adventure]] }} | creator = Hélène Desputeaux<br />Christine L'Heureux | based_on = ''[[Caillou (book series)|Caillou]]'' by Hélène Desputeaux<ref name="RAAV2015">[http://www.raav.org/last-2005-caillou-agreement-made-public-0 "At last, the 2005 Caillou agreement is made public"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327161402/http://www.raav.org/last-2005-caillou-agreement-made-public-0 |date=March 27, 2016 }}. ''Regroupement des artistes en arts visuels du Québec''. Retrieved on November 2, 2015.</ref><ref name="Devoir8-10-15">{{cite news |last1=Baillargeon |first1=Stéphane |title=L'entente secrète de 2005 dévoilée |url=https://www.ledevoir.com/culture/actualites-culturelles/451948/livres-de-caillou-une-entente-secrete-datant-de-2005-a-propos |access-date=November 3, 2015 |work=Le Devoir |date=October 8, 2015 |archive-date=April 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411001640/https://www.ledevoir.com/culture/actualites-culturelles/451948/livres-de-caillou-une-entente-secrete-datant-de-2005-a-propos |url-status=live}}</ref> | developer = | writer = | director = | creative_director = | presenter = | starring = | voices = [[Bryn McAuley]] (season 1)<br />[[Jaclyn Linetsky]] (seasons 2-3)<br />[[Annie Bovaird]] (seasons 4-5)<br />Brigid Tierney (seasons 1-4)<br />Jesse Vinet (seasons 3-5)<br />Jennifer Seguin<br />Pat Fry<br />Pauline Little<br />George Morris<br />Jonathan Koensgen (seasons 1-3)<br />Ryan Tilson (season 4)<br />Graeme Jokic (season 5)<br />Sophie Uretsky (season 5)<br />Melissa Pirrera (season 1-2)<br />Amanda Tilson (seasons 3-5)<br />[[Holly Gauthier-Frankel]]<br />Ellen David | narrated = Marlee Shapiro | theme_music_composer = | opentheme = I'm Caillou by [[Bryn McAuley]] | endtheme = I'm Caillou (instrumental) | composer = Leon Aronson | country = Canada<br />South Africa <small>(season 5)</small> | language = {{Plainlist | * French * English }} | num_seasons = 5 | num_episodes = 92 (345 segments) | list_episodes = List of Caillou episodes#List of episodes | executive_producer = | producer = | editor = | location = | cinematography = | camera = | runtime = 22 minutes (4-5 5-minute segments) | company = {{Plainlist | * [[Cookie Jar Group|Cookie Jar Entertainment]] (Canada){{efn|Previously known as '''CINAR Films''' for the first season, and then later known as '''CINAR Corporation''' for the second, and third seasons.<br>Produced as '''Caillou Productions''' (S1), '''Four Me Productions''' (S2-3), '''Caillou IV Productions''' (S4), and '''Caillou V Productions''' (S5).}} * Clockwork Zoo (season 5, South Africa) }} | channel = {{Plainlist | * [[Teletoon]] (seasons 1–4) * [[Treehouse TV]] (season 5) }} | first_aired = {{Start date|1997|09|15}} | last_aired = {{End date|2011|04|17}} }} '''''Caillou''''' ({{IPAc-en|k|ɑː |j|ʊ|,_|-|j|uː|}} {{respell|kah|yuu|,_-|yoo}}; {{IPA-fr|kaju|lang}}, stylized in [[lowercase]]) is a Canadian animated educational [[children's television series]] that aired on [[Cartoon Network Canada|Teletoon]] on September 15, 1997 until September 7, 2009, it was later moved to [[Treehouse TV]], and the series finale aired on April 17, 2011. On September 4, 2000, the episode segments was set in the United States, it divided into stories and formed as compilation, also aired on [[PBS Kids]] until December 27, 2020 and the compilation finale reruns on April 15, 2013. Based on the books by Hélène Desputeaux,<ref name="RAAV2015" /><ref name="Devoir8-10-15" /> it focuses on a four-year-old boy named Caillou who is fascinated by the world around him. The series was produced in Canada by [[Cookie Jar Group|CINAR Corporation]] (later Cookie Jar Entertainment) while the fifth and final season was produced in association with the South African studio Clockwork Zoo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.animationsa.org/community/press-releases/clockwork-zoo/clockwork-zoo-begins-key-animation-caillou |title=Clockwork Zoo begins key animation on Caillou &#124; Animation SA |date=January 22, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122212054/http://www.animationsa.org/community/press-releases/clockwork-zoo/clockwork-zoo-begins-key-animation-caillou |access-date=July 18, 2021 |archive-date=January 22, 2010}}</ref> The series is being followed by a computer-animated reboot series since February 15, 2024, set to premiere on [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]] with 50 11-minute episodes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WILDBRAIN AND PEACOCK PARTNER ON CAILLOU FOR NEW CG-ANIMATED SERIES AND FIVE FAMILY SPECIALS |url=https://www.wildbrain.com/newsreleases/wildbrain-and-peacock-partner-on-caillou-for-new-cg-animated-series-and-five-family-specials/ |access-date=2023-05-04 |website=WildBrain |language=en-US}}</ref> The series received initial positive reviews from critics and audiences. Contrarily, in the years following its release, the series saw a more negative reception and sparked backlash regarding its themes and writing. ==Plot== Caillou lives in [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], with his mother Doris, father Boris, and sister Rosie. He has many adventures with his family and friends, and uses his imagination in every episode. On [[PBS Kids]], each episode in first through third series has a theme and is divided into several short sections that mix animation, puppet skits, and video of [[live-action]] children in real-life situations. Between seasons 4 and 6, the episodes are divided into three short sections, the puppet segment was dropped, alongside the "Real Kids" version of the segment. During the first season, many of the stories in the animated version began with a grandmother (who is also the series narrator) introducing the story to her grandchildren, then reading the story from a book. Starting in the second season, the narrator and grandmother is an unseen character. ==Characters== ===Major characters=== <!-- Keep the characters' sections brief. Every minor detail about the characters does not need to be included, as this is not the Caillou Wikia. --> ====Caillou==== Caillou (voiced by [[Bryn McAuley]] in 1997, then [[Jaclyn Linetsky]] in 2000 until 2002, and then, due to Linetsky's death, [[Annie Bovaird]] from 2003 to 2011) meaning ''pebble'' or ''stone'' in [[French language|French]], (nicknamed by himself The Prince of Imagination),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://shop.pbskids.org/caillou-stars-red-trick-or-treat-bag |website=PBSkids.org |title=Caillou & Stars Red Trick-Or-Treat Bag |quote=Caillou is surrounded by stars on a personalized swag bag that's ready for Halloween treats. The Prince of Imagination is here to make it a Happy Halloween! |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170506063946/http://shop.pbskids.org/caillou-stars-red-trick-or-treat-bag |archive-date=May 6, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> is the title character of the show. Caillou was first shown in the episode "Caillou Makes Cookies", which aired on September 15, 1997. Caillou is an imaginative four-year-old<ref name="About" /> boy with a love for forms of transportive machinery such as rocket ships and airplanes. A dreamer, Caillou is inclined to frequent dream sequences in some episodes, visualizing his daydreams and wishes, and many episodes describe his normal daily experiences with his parents, friends, and neighbours. Caillou particularly loves his stuffed dinosaur, Rexy, and [[teddy bear]], Teddy, along with his pet cat Gilbert, all of whom are depicted as puppets in segments featured in the earlier episodes. He is Boris and Doris's son as well as Rosie's older brother. ====Caillou's family==== * Rosie (French name: ''Mousseline'') – Caillou's lively younger sister and Boris and Doris's daughter who is a typical toddler. She is two years old.<ref name="About">{{cite web |title=About |url=https://en.caillou.com/about |website=Caillou.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331072935/https://en.caillou.com/about |archive-date=March 31, 2016 |quote=Meet Caillou, the lovable four-year old<br />Meet Caillou's little sister, Rosie! At 2 years old, Rosie is a giggly little girl who loves to play tricks on her big brother.<br />Meet Caillou's Mom, Doris! Although some know her in the workplace as Doris, she's known as Mommy in Caillou's household.<br />Meet Caillou's Dad, Boris!<br />Meet Caillou's Grandpa! Grandpa always takes Caillou on fun adventures – like fishing, riding the bus through town and camping! He is Caillou's Daddy's father}}</ref> She always wants to take part in the same activities as Caillou. In later seasons of the series, she becomes more talkative and independent. She wears a blue dress, red socks and blue Mary Jane shoes. Rosie fights with Caillou for some reasons, but they still love each other. She appears to be the only family member with orange hair. Rosie was first voiced by Brigid Tierney from 1997 to 2001, then Jesse Vinet from 2002 to 2011. * Doris<ref name="About" />/Mommy – Caillou and Rosie's mother as well as Boris's wife and Grandma and Grandpa's daughter-in-law. She is a busy homemaker most of the time but is seen to work in an office, as well. Caillou occasionally helps his mother with different chores, and she often takes time to involve Caillou and his friends in activities such as crafts and baking. She is predominantly dressed in a red blouse with white trim, blue headband, ankle-length blue jeans and blue shoes with green soles. Voiced by Jennifer Seguin. * Boris<ref name="About" />/Daddy – Caillou and Rosie's father as well as Doris's husband. He wears a green sweater with a red trim with blue jeans. In the episode "Caillou The Chef" he says he once worked at a restaurant and made pizza.<ref name="Caillou the Chef">''Caillou'' Episode – "Caillou the Chef" (Season 4)</ref> He and Caillou occasionally work on projects around the house together. He is voiced by Pat Fry. * Gilbert – Caillou's pet cat. In the puppet segments, he is shown to be knowledgeable about things which are foreign to Rexy and Teddy. * Grandma – Caillou and Rosie's paternal grandmother as well as Doris's mother-in-law. Grandma is a very active lady who loves the arts and the outdoors. She passes that love onto Caillou. Grandma often comes up with creative ideas to solve Caillou's problems. She and Caillou paint and go bird-watching together. Voiced by Pauline Little. * Grandpa – Caillou and Rosie's paternal<ref name="About" /> grandfather as well as Doris's father-in-law. He takes Caillou on adventures, often going on walks and riding the bus throughout the town where they reside. In the 1997 episode "Caillou's Hiding Place", he showed Caillou a hidden area inside a tree in the backyard.<ref name="Caillou's Hiding Place">''Caillou'' Episode – "Caillou's Hiding Place"</ref> In the 1997 episode "Caillou Goes Camping", he and Caillou camp in the backyard. He is Daddy's father and loves to tell stories about when Caillou's father was a little boy. He wears a blue shirt. Voiced by George Morris. ====Caillou's friends and neighbours==== * Mr. Hinkle (French name: ''Monsieur Lajoie'') – Caillou's neighbour, introduced in the 1997 episode "Caillou's Not Afraid Anymore". He has a gold tooth. In the episode "Farmer for the Day", it is stated that his first name is Paul. * Leo – A boy who started out as a bully in the 1997 episode "Caillou at Daycare", but quickly befriended Caillou in the same episode. They have been inseparable since. He is of Jewish faith and celebrates Hanukkah (stated in ''Caillou's Holiday Movie''). Voiced by Jonathan Koensgen from 1997 to 2003, Vince Davies in ''Caillou's Holiday Movie'', Ryan Tilson from 2006 until 2007, and Graeme Jokic from 2010 until 2011. * Clementine – Clementine was the first to befriend Caillou in the 1997 episode "Caillou at Daycare". She can get rather bossy for some reasons, but all in all she is pretty understanding. She is of African-Canadian descent. Caillou has a crush on her, as indicated in "Caillou's Valentines" (season 4, episode 19). She is voiced by Brigid Tierney from 1997 to 2007, and Sophie Uretsky from 2010 until 2011. * Sarah – Caillou's friend, whom he first met in the 1997 episode "Caillou Goes Around the Block". She is of Chinese descent and celebrates Chinese New Year. She has a cousin in an episode where she invites Caillou to celebrate Chinese New Year. In another she invites him to school for "Bring Your Younger Siblings to School Day" because she has no siblings. Sarah has a pet cat named Olly and a dog named Murphy. Sarah is voiced by Melissa Pirrera, and then Amanda Tilson. * André – A orange-headed boy, André is introduced in the 1997 episode "Caillou's Big Friend" and usually wears red sandals. According to the song "Days of the Week", released on the Caillou music CD ''Caillou and Friends'', Caillou plays with him every Saturday. André enjoys biking and soccer. * Julie – Caillou's and Rosie's teenage babysitter. She has blonde hair in a ponytail, and enjoys playing with Caillou and Rosie. Voiced by [[Holly Gauthier-Frankel]]. * Jason and Jeffrey – Identical twin brothers who are of Hispanic descent. They both enjoy eating pizza. Initially, they wore identical clothes. By Season 4, though, Jason began wearing a shirt with inverted colours so it's easier to tell them apart. They are both in Caillou's playschool class. The first episode they appeared in "New Kids on the Block". * Billy – Clementine's older brother. He is usually seen playing in a band with his friends or playing sports. Voiced by Michael Caloz in Season 1. * Miss Martin – Caillou's preschool teacher. She has orange hair and wears red overalls with a long-sleeved white shirt. According to the 2006 episode "A Surprise for Ms. Martin" her birthday is in June. Her first name is Ann; this was stated in "Caillou Goes to Daycare". Voiced by Ellen David. * Jonas – Boris friend from before he met Doris. He lives on a ranch and has a horse named Lucky. Jonas appears in four episodes and in ''Caillou's Holiday Movie''. Voiced by Brian Wrench. * Emma – A girl in Caillou's playschool class who dislikes loud noises, wearing red.<ref name="Caillou's Marching Band">''Caillou'' Episode – "Caillou's Marching Band"</ref> It is stated in an episode that she has Type 1 Diabetes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ket.org/tvschedules/episode.php?nola=CAIU++000516 |title=Caillou – Caillou's Discoveries |publisher=KET |access-date=March 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203054418/http://www.ket.org/tvschedules/episode.php?nola=CAIU++000516 |archive-date=December 3, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * Xavier – A boy in Caillou's playschool class who has brown hair and wears blue overalls. ====The puppets==== The puppet segments were used only on the [[PBS Kids]] broadcasts of ''Caillou'' from 2000 to 2003 between the first and third seasons, as continuity to fill time usually taken up by commercial breaks during the original broadcasts; later episodes on PBS did not include the puppet segment continuity. * Gilbert – Caillou's pet cat. He has greyish-bluish fur with black stripes and loathes dogs with a passion. He especially dislikes the bulldog in the neighbourhood. In the puppet segments of the series, Gilbert often consists odes. Puppeteered by Bob Stutt. * Rexy – Caillou's blue toy dinosaur and speaks in a somewhat foreign accent, he is very playful. Rexy has the incapability to give a "good" hug. Rexy is noted for being rather pedantic. He is often teased about his speech impediment, and tends to react violently to any mention of it. Puppeteered by Pier Parquette and voiced by [[Rick Jones (voice actor)|Rick Jones]]. * Teddy – An old teddy bear that once belonged to Caillou's father, and now belongs to Caillou, Teddy is reasonable and nice. He is somewhat pessimistic, but all in all, he just needs a hug. Puppeteered by Frank Meschkuleit. * Deedee – A brown squirrel, she has a bushy tail, and is often seen playing with Rexy. Deedee first appeared as a baby squirrel when Rexy found on the ground lost from her family. Deedee lives in Caillou's backyard where most of the puppet segments take place. She never appeared in Season 3. Puppeteered by Wendy Welch and voiced by [[Holly Gauthier-Frankel]]. ==Episodes== ===Original series=== {{main|List of Caillou episodes}} {{:List of Caillou episodes}} ===PBS series=== {{Main|List of Caillou episodes (PBS)}} {{:List of Caillou episodes (PBS)}} ==Production== ''Caillou'' books have been published by Chouette Publishing Inc. since 1987.<ref name="Baby Caillou">{{cite web |url=http://www.chouette-publishing.com/EN/caillou/history |title=Caillou - Creation |publisher=Chouette Publishing |access-date=October 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923203002/http://www.chouette-publishing.com/EN/caillou/history |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The series was originally broadcast in French in Canada, and the episodes were later translated into English. The original books were also in French, and English. ''Caillou'' was designed primarily for [[toddler]]s. It was created by child developmental psychologists. On September 15, 1997, 13 30-minute episodes (65 5-minute segments) of ''Caillou'' were aired in Canada and in selected markets worldwide, including the United States. On August 23, 2000, there were 20 30-minute episodes of the series, containing a mixture of new stories. On September 4, 2000, there were 29 30-minute episodes of the series, containing a mixture of the five-minute episodes plus new stories, songs, real kids segments and puppets. These were followed by another 11 30-minute episodes containing a mixture of the five-minute episodes plus new stories, songs, real kids segments, and puppets on October 3, 2000, another 13 30-minute episodes containing all-new stories on January 12, 2002, and another 16 30-minute episodes containing all-new stories on January 2, 2003. The film ''Caillou's Holiday Movie'' was released on October 7, 2003. On January 13, 2006, and April 1, 2006, a new set of 20 30-minute episodes finally premiered after a three-year hiatus. Caillou started attending preschool and there were new themes and a new opening. The series was renewed for a first, and second season in 2000, and a third season in 2003,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Caillou Back for Season Two |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/caillou-back-for-season-two/ |last=Ball |first=Ryan |date=February 10, 2003 |website=Animation Magazine |language=en-US |access-date=May 24, 2020 |archive-date=May 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521184509/https://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/caillou-back-for-season-two/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and later a fourth season in 2006, and a fifth season in 2013. The fifth season was animated by South Africa-based studio Clockwork Zoo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100122212054/http://www.animationsa.org/community/press-releases/clockwork-zoo/clockwork-zoo-begins-key-animation-caillou] "Clockwork Zoo begins key animation on Caillou | Animation SA"</ref> On November 14, 2012, the fourth season of the series was pre-sold to [[PBS Kids]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kidscreen.com/2012/11/14/dhx-media-sells-fourth-season-of-caillou-to-pbs-kids/ |work=KidScreen |title=DHX Media sells fourth season of Caillou to PBS Kids |access-date=January 22, 2013 |archive-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627233919/https://kidscreen.com/2012/11/14/dhx-media-sells-fourth-season-of-caillou-to-pbs-kids/ |url-status=live}}</ref> ==Reception== ===Critical response=== ''Caillou'' initially received generally positive reviews from television critics and parents of young children. The staff of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' wrote that its protagonist "embellish[es] everything he sees with his rich imagination."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/08/01/caillou/ |title=Caillou |last=EW Staff |date=August 1, 2012 |website=EW.com |language=EN |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415075610/https://ew.com/article/2012/08/01/caillou/ |archive-date=April 15, 2020 |access-date=March 17, 2020}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' wrote "''Caillou'' looks at the world through the eyes of its 4-year-old namesake [and] takes life's not-always-so-simple lessons and presents them in a way preschoolers can understand."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/07/tv/for-young-viewers-sharing-the-small-stuff.html |title=FOR YOUNG VIEWERS; Sharing the Small Stuff |date=October 7, 2001 |work=The New York Times |access-date=March 17, 2020 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=April 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415081456/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/07/tv/for-young-viewers-sharing-the-small-stuff.html |url-status=live}}</ref> while Lynne Heffley of the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that "each animated episode is an unusually realistic reflection of a preschooler's daily fun, family interaction, challenges, disappointments and misunderstandings as Caillou grows and learns to make sense of his world", also describing it as "a virtual guidebook for parents and caregivers".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-sep-04-ca-15135-story.html |title=Kids' Series Give Gentle Life Lessons Television Review |last=Heffley |first=Lynne |date=September 4, 2000 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322041601/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-sep-04-ca-15135-story.html |archive-date=March 22, 2020 |access-date=March 22, 2020}}</ref> ====Controversy==== As the years progressed, however, the show drew criticism for the perceived incorrectness of the lessons gleaned through numerous events, mostly from the first season, as well as some episodes from the second season and third season. In a ''[[National Post]]'' column, writer Tristin Hopper identified ''Caillou'' to be "quite possibly the world's most universally reviled children's program". A common criticism towards the series is that the titular character behaves like a spoiled child and suffers no consequences from his parents for his behaviour.<ref name="NationalPost">{{cite news |last=Hopper |first=Tristin |date=May 1, 2017 |title=Caillou is an aggressively bad show ruining the world's children... and it's all Canada's fault |journal=[[National Post]] |publisher=[[Postmedia Network]] |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/analysis-caillou-is-an-aggressively-bad-show-ruining-the-worlds-children-and-its-all-canadas-fault |access-date=January 7, 2021}}</ref> One example of Caillou's bad behaviour is in the episode ''Caillou Joins the Circus'', in which he throws a tantrum after discovering the postponement of a planned circus event. Another episode, ''Big Brother Caillou'', features Caillou being jealous of the level of attention received by his baby sister Rosie to the point where he pinches her; most considered this to be a minor improvement over the original book the episode was based on, in which Caillou bit Rosie. When the series started airing on [[Cartoonito]] in 2021, the pinching scene was cut out. Hopper once said: "Unlike most children's programming, Caillou makes almost no attempt to educate its young audience. There are no veiled math problems, spelling lessons or morality tales; it's just calm, non-threatening, bright-coloured people navigating everyday tasks". These criticisms of the series's titular character have been echoed on online platforms.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/this-is-how-much-people-hate-caillou_n_58d05f98e4b0be71dcf766a9 |title=This Is How Much People Hate 'Caillou' |date=2017-04-03 |website=HuffPost |language=en |access-date=2020-04-28 |archive-date=November 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106072429/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/this-is-how-much-people-hate-caillou_n_58d05f98e4b0be71dcf766a9 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Last Week Tonight with John Oliver|''Last Week Tonight'']] host [[John Oliver]] referenced Caillou in a comparison of boring things against [[net neutrality]], going on to insult Caillou for its themes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fpbOEoRrHyU&ab_channel=LastWeekTonight |title=Net Neutrality: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver |website=[[YouTube]] |language=en-US |access-date=2022-09-25 |archive-date=September 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925194210/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fpbOEoRrHyU&ab_channel=LastWeekTonight |url-status=live}}</ref> As Caillou appeared as a much younger child in the original line of children's books, he originally had no hair.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://screenrant.com/why-doesnt-caillou-have-hair-explained/ |title=Why Doesn't Caillou Have Hair - Why He's Always Remained Bald - Screen Rant |website=[[Screen Rant]] |date=April 18, 2022 |access-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628204238/https://screenrant.com/why-doesnt-caillou-have-hair-explained/ |url-status=live}}</ref> When illustrators found that adding hair made him look unrecognizable, it was decided that Caillou would never have hair.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Public Broadcasting Service |title=FAQ |website=[[PBS]] |url=https://www.pbs.org/parents/caillou/faq.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826103455/https://www.pbs.org/parents/caillou/faq.html |archive-date=26 August 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="chouettebald">{{cite web |url=http://www.chouette-publishing.com/EN/why-caillou-bald |author=Chouette |publisher=Chouette |title=Why is Caillou bald? |access-date=October 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923203004/http://www.chouette-publishing.com/EN/why-caillou-bald |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> This decision led to an [[internet meme]] asserting that the protagonist has [[cancer]] or pediatric alopecia.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/12/08/why-is-caillou-bald_n_8748996.html |title=Why Is Caillou Bald? |date=2015-12-08 |website=HuffPost Canada |language=en |access-date=2020-04-28 |archive-date=November 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107142916/https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/12/08/why-is-caillou-bald_n_8748996.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The series' parody of the series, this titular character has a whiny spoiled brat is worse than Dora Winifred Read and Muffy Crosswire from ''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]''. ==Broadcast== ''Caillou'' first aired on Canada's French-language [[Télétoon]] channel on September 15, 1997, and was the first series aired on the English-language [[Cartoon Network Canada|Teletoon]] when it launched on October 17 of that year.<ref name="5ecaillou">{{cite web|title=CORPORATION CINAR CÉLÈBRE LE 5e ANNIVERSAIRE DE CAILLOU À LA TÉLÉVISION|url=http://www.cinar.com/pdfdocument/091702/5ecaillou.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030314145722/http://www.cinar.com/pdfdocument/091702/5ecaillou.pdf|archive-date=March 14, 2003|access-date=December 22, 2013}}</ref> The series was moved to Treehouse TV in 2010. ''Caillou'' made its U.S. debut on [[PBS Kids]] on September 4, 2000, and ran on that network until December 27, 2020. Reruns started airing on PBS Kids Sprout (later known as simply Sprout) on its launch on September 26, 2005. While Sprout rebranded into [[Universal Kids]] on September 9, 2017, the show remained on the channel until it was taken off the line-up at the beginning of April 2019. On January 5, 2021, PBS Kids announced on Twitter that they would no longer broadcast reruns of ''Caillou''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Madden Toby|first=Mekeisha|date=January 5, 2021|title=Caillou Cancelled at PBS Kids (as Parents Everywhere Rejoice)|url=https://tvline.com/2021/01/05/caillou-cancelled-pbs-kids/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106135148/https://tvline.com/2021/01/05/caillou-cancelled-pbs-kids/|archive-date=January 6, 2021|access-date=January 5, 2021|website=[[TVLine]]}}</ref> ''[[Deadline Hollywood]]'' reported that many parents and viewers celebrated the news of the cancellation, as they have complained that ''Caillou'' had taught their kids bad lessons and encouraged them to be bratty and whiny.<ref>{{cite web|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=January 6, 2021|title=''Caillou'' Canceled By PBS & Parents Couldn't Be Happier|url=https://deadline.com/2021/01/caillou-canceled-pbs-parents-happier-1234665631/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127015153/https://deadline.com/2021/01/caillou-canceled-pbs-parents-happier-1234665631/|archive-date=January 27, 2023|access-date=January 27, 2023|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> On August 16, 2021, it was announced that [[Cartoon Network]] had acquired the U.S.-broadcast rights to the series after PBS' rights expired, with reruns of the series airing on [[Cartoonito (American programming block)|Cartoonito]] from September 13, 2021 to May 4, 2022 in its HD remastered form.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Stalcup|first=Jamie|date=August 16, 2021|title=WarnerMedia Sets Cartoonito Launch Date & Slate|url=https://worldscreen.com/tvkids/warnermedia-sets-cartoonito-launch-date-slate/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816131416/https://worldscreen.com/tvkids/warnermedia-sets-cartoonito-launch-date-slate/|archive-date=August 16, 2021|access-date=August 16, 2021|website=TVKIDS|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release |date=August 16, 2021 |title=WarnerMedia Kids & Family Sets Sept. 13 for Cartoonito Preschool Block on HBO Max and Cartoon Network |url=https://pressroom.warnermedia.com/us/media-release/cartoon-network-9/warnermedia-kids-family-sets-sept-13-cartoonito-preschool-block-hbo-max-and-cartoon |url-status=live |access-date=September 10, 2021 |website= |publisher=[[WarnerMedia]] |archive-date=September 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910235433/https://pressroom.warnermedia.com/us/media-release/cartoon-network-9/warnermedia-kids-family-sets-sept-13-cartoonito-preschool-block-hbo-max-and-cartoon}}</ref> PBS ultimately sold the rights for [[US$]]6.4&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web|title=2021 PBS Financial Report|url=https://d1qbemlbhjecig.cloudfront.net/prod/filer_public/pbsabout-bento-live-pbs/Financial%20Reports/61a46ac10f_FY%202021%20Audited%20PBS%20Consolidated%20FS.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112035145/https://d1qbemlbhjecig.cloudfront.net/prod/filer_public/pbsabout-bento-live-pbs/Financial%20Reports/61a46ac10f_FY%202021%20Audited%20PBS%20Consolidated%20FS.pdf|archive-date=November 12, 2022|access-date=2022-11-11|website=PBS.org|page=16}}</ref> In Canada, [[Family Jr.]] continues to broadcast reruns since February 5, 2018. PBS Kids currently retains the physical media and streaming rights for the original series. [[Comcast]]/[[NBCUniversal]] acquired global streaming rights for the reboot series (via [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]]) as of 2022. == Home video releases == In the United States, Caillou videocassettes and DVDs have been released by PBS Distribution (originally distributed through [[Warner Home Video]] until 2004, and then Paramount Home Entertainment from 2006 to 2010, and now self-distributed). From 2003 to 2006, the DVDs with puppets and [[Jaclyn Linetsky]] were compilations from 2003 through 2006, and one of them is in memory of Linetsky herself. For the franchise's 25th anniversary, a DVD/book combo pack reissue of ''Caillou's Family Favourites'' was released on October 14, 2014, by PBS Distribution,<ref name="combo">{{cite web|last=Zahn|first=James|date=September 4, 2014|title=25th Anniversary of Caillou: CAILLOU's FAMILY FAVORITES DVD/Book Combo Pack due in October...|url=http://www.therockfather.com/news-and-reviews/movie-and-tv/item/2790-25th-anniversary-of-caillou-caillous-family-favorites-dvd-book-combo-pack-due-in-october|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021144017/http://www.therockfather.com/news-and-reviews/movie-and-tv/item/2790-25th-anniversary-of-caillou-caillous-family-favorites-dvd-book-combo-pack-due-in-october|archive-date=October 21, 2014|access-date=October 25, 2014}}</ref> while a [[DVD]] reissue of ''Caillou's Holiday Movie'' was released on November 11, 2014 by NCircle Entertainment.<ref name="holidaymovie">{{cite web|title=''Caillou's Holiday Movie'' – NCircle Entertainment|url=https://www.amazon.com/Caillous-Holiday-Movie-Caillou/dp/B00K0MM4KM|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018175231/http://www.amazon.com/Caillous-Holiday-Movie-Caillou/dp/B00K0MM4KM|archive-date=October 18, 2014|access-date=October 25, 2014|website=Amazon}}</ref> In Canada, Sony Wonder originally released Caillou on VHS and DVD, and after the closure of the division by Sony, were moved to Vivendi Entertainment Canada. Since 2012, Caillou DVDs are distributed by [[Entertainment One]] and after their purchase of Phase 4 Films in 2015, are released through the KaBoom Entertainment label. ==Music from the series== In 2003, an album titled ''Caillou's Favourite Songs'' was released by [[Kid Rhino]] under the [[Cinar|Cinar Music]] imprint.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/caillous-favorite-songs-mw0000020714 |title=Caillou's Favorite Songs - Caillou - Songs, Reviews, Credits - AllMusic |website=AllMusic |access-date=September 26, 2016 |archive-date=October 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013230510/http://www.allmusic.com/album/caillous-favorite-songs-mw0000020714 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==Revival== ===YouTube series=== Beginning in late 2016, a new ''Caillou'' web series for YouTube premiered on the official Caillou channel and was later released onto [[Amazon Prime Instant Video|Amazon Prime]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Caillou's New Adventures {{!}} Prime Video | work=amazon.com | access-date=January 22, 2021 | url=https://www.amazon.com/Caillous-New-Adventures/dp/B075SJTJQ3 | archive-date=May 21, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521184508/https://www.amazon.com/Caillous-New-Adventures/dp/B075SJTJQ3 | url-status=live }}</ref> These shorts are mainly remakes of older episodes and are produced by WildBrain Spark Studios, a subsidiary of WildBrain that produces original content for their [[WildBrain Spark]] network. However, the videos were not made available to YouTube users in the United States until 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8XvIF6dDmUtE3cHtvTPANX678A4qScr7 |title=New Caillou Webisodes &#124; Animated Cartoons for Kids |publisher=YouTube |access-date=January 23, 2021 |archive-date=May 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521184506/https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8XvIF6dDmUtE3cHtvTPANX678A4qScr7 |url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2021, it was announced that Cartoon Network licensed the series for broadcast on U.S. television.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://investors.wildbrain.com/2021-09-14-WildBrain-Reports-Q4-and-Full-Year-2021-Results |title=WildBrain Reports Q4 and Full Year 2021 Results |website=Investors - WildBrain |accessdate=September 16, 2021 |archive-date=September 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916030022/https://investors.wildbrain.com/2021-09-14-WildBrain-Reports-Q4-and-Full-Year-2021-Results |url-status=live}}</ref> ===Reboot and specials=== In September 2021, WildBrain announced the production of five new 45-minute specials based on the franchise for [[Family Jr.]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.skwigly.co.uk/wildbrain-television-family-animation/ |title=New family animation for WildBrain Television gets greenlit |date=September 2021 |access-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707022117/https://www.skwigly.co.uk/wildbrain-television-family-animation/ |url-status=live}}</ref> These specials are the first ''Caillou'' related media to be produced in computer animation, and will focus on Christmas, Halloween, Family Day, Summer Vacation and National Anti-Bullying Day. The specials will be produced by WildBrain Studios, Splash Entertainment, and Mainframe Studios, with animation provided by [[WildBrain Studios#IoM Media Ventures|IoM Media Ventures]].<ref name="animationmagazine.net">{{cite web |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/streaming/peacock-slates-cg-caillou-reboot-lil-stompers-the-bad-guys-streams-friday/ |title=Peacock Slates CG 'Caillou' Reboot, 'L'il Stompers'; 'The Bad Guys' Streams Friday |date=June 28, 2022 |access-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707220309/https://www.animationmagazine.net/streaming/peacock-slates-cg-caillou-reboot-lil-stompers-the-bad-guys-streams-friday/ |url-status=live}}</ref> In June 2022, WildBrain announced they teamed with [[Comcast]]'s [[NBCUniversal Television and Streaming|streaming platform]], [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]], to produce a new series of the show, consisting of 52 11-minute episodes to go along with those specials.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WILDBRAIN AND PEACOCK PARTNER ON CAILLOU FOR NEW CG-ANIMATED SERIES AND FIVE FAMILY SPECIALS |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/wildbrain-peacock-partner-caillou-cg-114500486.html |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=Yahoo! Finance |date=June 24, 2022 |archive-date=June 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624201640/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/wildbrain-peacock-partner-caillou-cg-114500486.html |url-status=live}}</ref> It was set to premiere in 2023, with IoM also providing animation production as the specials are. Despite the specials being released on Peacock, it is now confirmed to stream on February 15, 2024.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Swift |first1=Andy |title=Caillou Is Being Rebooted in CGI Form, Whether You Want Him Back or Not |url=https://tvline.com/2022/06/28/caillou-reboot-peacock-cgi-first-look/ |website=TVLine |access-date=June 28, 2022 |date=June 28, 2022 |archive-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628171112/https://tvline.com/2022/06/28/caillou-reboot-peacock-cgi-first-look/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The first special: ''Rosie the Giant'', which focuses on the effects of bullying, simultaneously premiered in Canada and the United States on Family Jr. and Peacock respectively on July 10, 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBr-tDDBKD8 |title=CAILLOU: ROSIE THE GIANT &#124; Trailer |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=July 13, 2022 |archive-date=July 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713132111/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBr-tDDBKD8&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=live}}</ref> The second special: ''Adventures with Grandma and Grandpa'', which focuses on Caillou visiting his grandparents for a sleepover at their beach house, premiered on Family Jr., and Peacock on August 25, 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/caillou-prepares-plunge-first-look-153041770.html |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=Aug 22, 2022 |first=Andy |last=Swift |title=Caillou Prepares to Take the Plunge in First Look at New CGI Special |access-date=September 15, 2022 |archive-date=September 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915194041/https://news.yahoo.com/caillou-prepares-plunge-first-look-153041770.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The third special: ''The Bravest Wolf Boy'', which focuses on Halloween, premiered on Family Jr., and Peacock on October 15, 2022. The four special: ''The Silver Knight'', which focuses on imaginative play, premiered on Family Jr., and Peacock on November 13, 2022. The fifth special, ''Caillou's Perfect Christmas'', which focuses on Christmas, premiered on Family Jr., and Peacock on December 2, 2022. ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} {{Former PBS Kids original programming}} [[Category:1990s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:1990s Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:1997 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:2000s American children's television series]] [[Category:2000s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:2000s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:2000 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2010s American animated television series]] [[Category:2010s American children's television series]] [[Category:2010s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:2010s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:2011 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:2013 American television series endings]] [[Category:American animated television series]] [[Category:American children's television series]] [[Category:Animated television series about children]] [[Category:Caillou]] [[Category:Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:Canadian English-language television shows]] [[Category:Children's television series about talking animals]] [[Category:French-language television programs]] [[Category:PBS Kids shows]] [[Category:Television series about families]] [[Category:Television series about friendship]] [[Category:Television series by Cookie Jar Entertainment]] nmeln40w93mqdsy3bk5aslq4j7hb6g7 0 1077748 10368982 10354243 2025-07-03T05:18:34Z 94.255.203.115 Added what season one and two was 10368982 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Disney Speedstorm''''' is a [[kart racing]] [[video game]] made by [[Nintendo]]. The game was released on 18 april 2023. {{Infobox VG |title= Disney Speedstorm |image= |caption= |developer= Gameloft Barcelona |publisher= [[Barcelona]] |producer= Yura Liapin Josh Abrams Rodolfo Nunez |director= |composer= |series= |platforms= [[Android (operating system)|Android]] [[iOS]] [[Nintendo Switch]] [[Playstation 4]] [[Playstation 5]] [[Windows]] [[Xbox One]] [[Xbox Series X/S]] |released= '''Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S, Nintendo Switch''': 28 September 2023 '''iOS, Android''': 2023 |genre= [[kart racing]] |modes= [[Single-player]] and [[Multiplayer]] |display = }} ==Development== Disney Speedstorm was officially announced in march 2023. == Seasons == Season one is unafraid and the teme of [[Monsters, Inc.|monsters,inc]]. Season two is to infinity and beyond and the teme of [[Toy Story|toy story]] == Characters == === [[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 movie)|Snow white and the seven dwarfs]] === [[Evil Queen]] [[Snow White]] === [[Moana]] === [[Maui (Moana)|Maui]] [[Moana]] === ''[[One Hundred and One Dalmatians|101 Dalmatians]]'' === * [[Cruella de Vil]] === ''[[Aladdin (1992 movie)|Aladdin]]'' === * Aladdin * [[Genie (Disney)|Genie]] * [[Jafar (Disney)|Jafar]] * Jasmine === ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 movie)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' === * Beast * Belle * Gaston === ''[[Big Hero 6 (movie)|Big Hero 6]]'' === Hiro Honey Lemon Baymax === ''[[Frozen (2013 movie)|Frozen]]'' === * [[Anna (Disney)|Anna]] * [[Elsa (Disney)|Elsa]] * Hans * Kristoff * [[Olaf]] === ''[[Hercules (1997 movie)|Hercules]]'' === * Hades * Hercules * Meg === ''[[The Incredibles]]'' === * Dash * Elastgirl * Frozone * Mr. Incredible * Violet === ''[[Inside Out (2015 movie)|Inside Out]]'' === * Anxiety * Anger * Disgust * Ennui * Fear * Joy * Sadness === ''[[Journey into Imagination with Figment]]'' === * [[Figment]] === ''[[The Jungle Book (1967 movie)|The Jungle Book]]'' === * [[Baloo]] * [[Mowgli (character)|Mowgli]] === ''[[Lilo & Stitch]]'' === * Angel * Captain Gantu * Jumba * [[Lilo Pelekai|Lilo]] * [[Stitch (Lilo & Stitch)|Stitch]] === ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 movie)|The Little Mermaid]]'' === * Ariel * Prince Eric * King Triton * Ursula === ''Oswald the Lucky Rabbit'' === *[[Oswald the Lucky Rabbit|Oswald]] * Ortensia === ''Mickey Mouse & Friends'' === * [[Daisy Duck]] * [[Donald Duck]] * [[Goofy]] * [[Mickey Mouse]] * [[Minnie Mouse]] * [[Steamboat Willie|Steamboat Mickey]] * [[Steamboat Willie|Steamboat Pete]] === ''[[Monsters, Inc.]]'' === * Celia Mae * [[Mike Wazowski]] * Randall Boggs * Sulley === ''[[Mulan (1998 movie)|Mulan]]'' === * Mulan * Li Shang === ''[[The Muppets]]'' === * [[Kermit the Frog]] * [[Miss Piggy]] === ''[[The Nightmare Before Christmas]]'' === * Dr. Finklestein * [[Jack Skellington]] * Oogie Boogie * Sally === ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean (movie series)|Pirates of the Caribbean]]'' === * [[Davy Jones (character)|Davy Jones]] * [[Elizabeth Swann]] * [[Hector Barbossa]] * [[Jack Sparrow]] * [[Will Turner]] === ''[[Sleeping Beauty (1959 movie)|Sleeping Beauty]]'' === * [[Maleficent]] * Aurora === ''[[Tangled]]'' === * Rapunzel === ''[[Tron (movie)|Tron]]'' === Zuse Quorra Sam Flynn Rinzler === ''[[Toy Story (franchise)|Toy Story]]'' === * [[Bo Peep (Toy Story)|Bo Beep]] * [[Buzz Lightyear]] * [[Jessie (Toy Story)|Jessie]] * [[Woody (Toy Story)|Woody]] === ''[[WALL-E]]'' === * EVE * WALL''-''E === ''[[Wreck-It Ralph]]'' === * King Candy * Sergeant Calhoun * Felix * Ralph * Vanellope == Soundtrack == The music is done by a team of four musicians (Vincent Labelle, Nicholas Dubé, Francis Collard and Martin Courcy) remixing classic Disney and Pixar tunes. ==Reception== The game received mixed reviews. {{Video-game-stub}} [[Category:2023 video games]] [[Category:Disney video games]] [[Category:Gameloft games]] [[Category:Android (operating system) games]] [[Category:Crossover video games]] [[Category:Early access video games]] [[Category:IOS games]] [[Category:Kart racing video games]] [[Category:Nintendo Switch games]] [[Category:PlayStation 4 games]] [[Category:PlayStation 5 games]] [[Category:Video games developed in the United States]] [[Category:Video games set in France]] [[Category:Windows games]] [[Category:Xbox One games]] [[Category:Xbox Series X and Series S games]] 5tuqcz4i1kt7es933qxl5tiyz5bz8cf 10368988 10368982 2025-07-03T05:23:54Z 94.255.203.115 10368988 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Disney Speedstorm''''' is a [[kart racing]] [[video game]] made by [[Nintendo]]. The game was released on 18 april 2023. {{Infobox VG |title= Disney Speedstorm |image= |caption= |developer= Gameloft Barcelona |publisher= [[Barcelona]] |producer= Yura Liapin Josh Abrams Rodolfo Nunez |director= |composer= |series= |platforms= [[Android (operating system)|Android]] [[iOS]] [[Nintendo Switch]] [[Playstation 4]] [[Playstation 5]] [[Windows]] [[Xbox One]] [[Xbox Series X/S]] |released= '''Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S, Nintendo Switch''': 28 September 2023 '''iOS, Android''': 2023 |genre= [[kart racing]] |modes= [[Single-player]] and [[Multiplayer]] |display = }} ==Development== Disney Speedstorm was officially announced in march 2023. == Seasons 1-13 == Season one is unafraid and the teme of [[Monsters, Inc.|monsters,inc]] it started 18 april 2023 and finished 12 june 2023. Season two is to infinity and beyond and the teme of [[Toy Story|toy story]] it started 13 june 2023 and finished 31 july 2023. == Characters == === [[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 movie)|Snow white and the seven dwarfs]] === [[Evil Queen]] [[Snow White]] === [[Moana]] === [[Maui (Moana)|Maui]] [[Moana]] === ''[[One Hundred and One Dalmatians|101 Dalmatians]]'' === * [[Cruella de Vil]] === ''[[Aladdin (1992 movie)|Aladdin]]'' === * Aladdin * [[Genie (Disney)|Genie]] * [[Jafar (Disney)|Jafar]] * Jasmine === ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 movie)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' === * Beast * Belle * Gaston === ''[[Big Hero 6 (movie)|Big Hero 6]]'' === Hiro Honey Lemon Baymax === ''[[Frozen (2013 movie)|Frozen]]'' === * [[Anna (Disney)|Anna]] * [[Elsa (Disney)|Elsa]] * Hans * Kristoff * [[Olaf]] === ''[[Hercules (1997 movie)|Hercules]]'' === * Hades * Hercules * Meg === ''[[The Incredibles]]'' === * Dash * Elastgirl * Frozone * Mr. Incredible * Violet === ''[[Inside Out (2015 movie)|Inside Out]]'' === * Anxiety * Anger * Disgust * Ennui * Fear * Joy * Sadness === ''[[Journey into Imagination with Figment]]'' === * [[Figment]] === ''[[The Jungle Book (1967 movie)|The Jungle Book]]'' === * [[Baloo]] * [[Mowgli (character)|Mowgli]] === ''[[Lilo & Stitch]]'' === * Angel * Captain Gantu * Jumba * [[Lilo Pelekai|Lilo]] * [[Stitch (Lilo & Stitch)|Stitch]] === ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 movie)|The Little Mermaid]]'' === * Ariel * Prince Eric * King Triton * Ursula === ''Oswald the Lucky Rabbit'' === *[[Oswald the Lucky Rabbit|Oswald]] * Ortensia === ''Mickey Mouse & Friends'' === * [[Daisy Duck]] * [[Donald Duck]] * [[Goofy]] * [[Mickey Mouse]] * [[Minnie Mouse]] * [[Steamboat Willie|Steamboat Mickey]] * [[Steamboat Willie|Steamboat Pete]] === ''[[Monsters, Inc.]]'' === * Celia Mae * [[Mike Wazowski]] * Randall Boggs * Sulley === ''[[Mulan (1998 movie)|Mulan]]'' === * Mulan * Li Shang === ''[[The Muppets]]'' === * [[Kermit the Frog]] * [[Miss Piggy]] === ''[[The Nightmare Before Christmas]]'' === * Dr. Finklestein * [[Jack Skellington]] * Oogie Boogie * Sally === ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean (movie series)|Pirates of the Caribbean]]'' === * [[Davy Jones (character)|Davy Jones]] * [[Elizabeth Swann]] * [[Hector Barbossa]] * [[Jack Sparrow]] * [[Will Turner]] === ''[[Sleeping Beauty (1959 movie)|Sleeping Beauty]]'' === * [[Maleficent]] * Aurora === ''[[Tangled]]'' === * Rapunzel === ''[[Tron (movie)|Tron]]'' === Zuse Quorra Sam Flynn Rinzler === ''[[Toy Story (franchise)|Toy Story]]'' === * [[Bo Peep (Toy Story)|Bo Beep]] * [[Buzz Lightyear]] * [[Jessie (Toy Story)|Jessie]] * [[Woody (Toy Story)|Woody]] === ''[[WALL-E]]'' === * EVE * WALL''-''E === ''[[Wreck-It Ralph]]'' === * King Candy * Sergeant Calhoun * Felix * Ralph * Vanellope == Soundtrack == The music is done by a team of four musicians (Vincent Labelle, Nicholas Dubé, Francis Collard and Martin Courcy) remixing classic Disney and Pixar tunes. ==Reception== The game received mixed reviews. {{Video-game-stub}} [[Category:2023 video games]] [[Category:Disney video games]] [[Category:Gameloft games]] [[Category:Android (operating system) games]] [[Category:Crossover video games]] [[Category:Early access video games]] [[Category:IOS games]] [[Category:Kart racing video games]] [[Category:Nintendo Switch games]] [[Category:PlayStation 4 games]] [[Category:PlayStation 5 games]] [[Category:Video games developed in the United States]] [[Category:Video games set in France]] [[Category:Windows games]] [[Category:Xbox One games]] [[Category:Xbox Series X and Series S games]] 378wj0vx8umyms3dqatogl0xpo6ilkl 10369082 10368988 2025-07-03T07:07:17Z 94.255.203.115 10369082 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Disney Speedstorm''''' is a [[kart racing]] [[video game]] made by [[Nintendo]]. The game was released on 18 april 2023. {{Infobox VG |title= Disney Speedstorm |image= |caption= |developer= Gameloft Barcelona |publisher= [[Barcelona]] |producer= Yura Liapin Josh Abrams Rodolfo Nunez |director= |composer= |series= |platforms= [[Android (operating system)|Android]] [[iOS]] [[Nintendo Switch]] [[Playstation 4]] [[Playstation 5]] [[Windows]] [[Xbox One]] [[Xbox Series X/S]] |released= '''Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S, Nintendo Switch''': 28 September 2023 '''iOS, Android''': 2023 |genre= [[kart racing]] |modes= [[Single-player]] and [[Multiplayer]] |display = }} ==Development== Disney Speedstorm was officially announced in march 2023. == Seasons == Season one is unafraid and the teme of [[Monsters, Inc.|monsters,inc]] it started 18 april 2023 and finished 12 june 2023. Season two is to infinity and beyond and the teme of [[Toy Story|toy story]] it started 13 june 2023 and finished 31 july 2023. == Characters == * [[Chip 'n Dale|Chip]] * [[Chip 'n Dale|Dale]] === [[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 movie)|Snow white and the seven dwarfs]] === [[Evil Queen]] [[Snow White]] === [[Moana]] === [[Maui (Moana)|Maui]] [[Moana]] === ''[[One Hundred and One Dalmatians|101 Dalmatians]]'' === * [[Cruella de Vil]] === ''[[Aladdin (1992 movie)|Aladdin]]'' === * Aladdin * [[Genie (Disney)|Genie]] * [[Jafar (Disney)|Jafar]] * Jasmine === ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 movie)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' === * Beast * Belle * Gaston === ''[[Big Hero 6 (movie)|Big Hero 6]]'' === Hiro Honey Lemon Baymax === ''[[Frozen (2013 movie)|Frozen]]'' === * [[Anna (Disney)|Anna]] * [[Elsa (Disney)|Elsa]] * Hans * Kristoff * [[Olaf]] === ''[[Hercules (1997 movie)|Hercules]]'' === * Hades * Hercules * Meg === ''[[The Incredibles]]'' === * Dash * Elastgirl * Frozone * Mr. Incredible * Violet === ''[[Inside Out (2015 movie)|Inside Out]]'' === * Anxiety * Anger * Disgust * Ennui * Fear * Joy * Sadness === ''[[Journey into Imagination with Figment]]'' === * [[Figment]] === ''[[The Jungle Book (1967 movie)|The Jungle Book]]'' === * [[Baloo]] * [[Mowgli (character)|Mowgli]] === ''[[Lilo & Stitch]]'' === * Angel * Captain Gantu * Jumba * [[Lilo Pelekai|Lilo]] * [[Stitch (Lilo & Stitch)|Stitch]] === ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 movie)|The Little Mermaid]]'' === * Ariel * Prince Eric * King Triton * Ursula === ''Oswald the Lucky Rabbit'' === *[[Oswald the Lucky Rabbit|Oswald]] * Ortensia === ''Mickey Mouse & Friends'' === * [[Daisy Duck]] * [[Donald Duck]] * [[Goofy]] * [[Mickey Mouse]] * [[Minnie Mouse]] * [[Steamboat Willie|Steamboat Mickey]] * [[Steamboat Willie|Steamboat Pete]] === ''[[Monsters, Inc.]]'' === * Celia Mae * [[Mike Wazowski]] * Randall Boggs * Sulley === ''[[Mulan (1998 movie)|Mulan]]'' === * Mulan * Li Shang === ''[[The Muppets]]'' === * [[Kermit the Frog]] * [[Miss Piggy]] === ''[[The Nightmare Before Christmas]]'' === * Dr. Finklestein * [[Jack Skellington]] * Oogie Boogie * Sally === ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean (movie series)|Pirates of the Caribbean]]'' === * [[Davy Jones (character)|Davy Jones]] * [[Elizabeth Swann]] * [[Hector Barbossa]] * [[Jack Sparrow]] * [[Will Turner]] === ''[[Sleeping Beauty (1959 movie)|Sleeping Beauty]]'' === * [[Maleficent]] * Aurora === ''[[Tangled]]'' === * Rapunzel === ''[[Tron (movie)|Tron]]'' === Zuse Quorra Sam Flynn Rinzler === ''[[Toy Story (franchise)|Toy Story]]'' === * [[Bo Peep (Toy Story)|Bo Beep]] * [[Buzz Lightyear]] * [[Jessie (Toy Story)|Jessie]] * [[Woody (Toy Story)|Woody]] * Forky * [[Lotso]] * [[Emperor Zurg]] === ''[[WALL-E]]'' === * EVE * WALL''-''E === ''[[Wreck-It Ralph]]'' === * King Candy * Sergeant Calhoun * Felix * Ralph * Vanellope == Soundtrack == The music is done by a team of four musicians (Vincent Labelle, Nicholas Dubé, Francis Collard and Martin Courcy) remixing classic Disney and Pixar tunes. ==Reception== The game received mixed reviews. {{Video-game-stub}} [[Category:2023 video games]] [[Category:Disney video games]] [[Category:Gameloft games]] [[Category:Android (operating system) games]] [[Category:Crossover video games]] [[Category:Early access video games]] [[Category:IOS games]] [[Category:Kart racing video games]] [[Category:Nintendo Switch games]] [[Category:PlayStation 4 games]] [[Category:PlayStation 5 games]] [[Category:Video games developed in the United States]] [[Category:Video games set in France]] [[Category:Windows games]] [[Category:Xbox One games]] [[Category:Xbox Series X and Series S games]] 0nteo8osol4dfmdi4nz33gqa4g30pho 0 1078957 10368601 10329357 2025-07-03T00:46:03Z 120.29.68.203 10368601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television station | callsign = DZRH-DTV | city = [[Pasay, Metro Manila|Pasay]] | logo = | branding = ''DZRH DTV-26 Metro Manila''<br>''TV Natin Manila'' | digital = 26 ([[UHF]]) (''[[ISDB|ISDB-T]]'') (test broadcast) | virtual = 26 | translators = | affiliations = [[DZRH News Television|DZRH TV]] | subchannels = 26.1: [[DZRH News Television|DZRH]] | founded = TBA | location = [[Metro Manila]] and surrounding areas | owner = [[Manila Broadcasting Company]] | licensee = [[Radyo Natin Network]] | former_affiliations = | former_callsigns = | former_channel_numbers = | power = Digital: 10 kW TPO | erp = | sister_stations = {{plainlist| * [[DZRH|DZRH 666]] * [[DZAK|DZAK 1386 Aksyon Radyo]] * [[DWYS|101.1 Yes FM]] * [[DZMB|90.7 Love Radio]] * [[DWRK|96.3 Easy Rock]] * [[Radyo Natin Manila|107.9 Radyo Natin]] }} | website = {{url|dzrhnews.com.ph}} }} '''DZRH-TV''' (digital [[UHF]] channel 26) is a Philippine [[television station]] owned by [[Radyo Natin Network]] and operated by its affiliate [[Manila Broadcasting Company]] in the [[Philippines]]. The station's studio is located at the Second Floor, MBC Building, [[Star City (amusement park)|Star City]], Vicente Sotto St., [[Cultural Center of the Philippines|CCP Complex]], [[Roxas Boulevard]], [[Pasay]]; while its transmitter is located at the [[BSA Twin Towers]], Bank Drive, [[Ortigas Center]], [[Mandaluyong]]. ==Digital channels== <!-- PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE INFORMATION BEYOND THIS AREA.--> UHF Channel 40 (629.143&nbsp;MHz) {| class="wikitable" |-ABS ! Channel ! [[Display resolution|Video]] ! [[Aspect ratio (image)|Aspect]] ! Short name ! Programming ! Note |- | 26.01 || [[480i]]|| [[16:9]] || DZRH TV || rowspan=2|[[DZRH News Television]] || Test Broadcast |- | 26.31 || [[240p]] || [[4:3]] || DZRH TV 1SEG || [[1seg]] |- |} == Areas of Coverage == === Primary areas === * [[Metro Manila]] * [[Cavite]] * [[Bulacan]] * [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]] * [[Rizal]] === Secondary Areas === * Portion of [[Pampanga]] * Portion of [[Nueva Ecija]] * Portion of [[Bataan]] * Portion of [[Batangas]] ==Related pages== *[[List of Manila Broadcasting Company stations]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{url|dzrhnews.com.ph|Official Website}} {{Metro Manila TV}} [[Category:Filipino television stations]] [[Category:2022 establishments in the Philippines]] {{tv-stub}} dva196q6tyivawk0phw82aocqy5dykl 0 1081143 10367693 10365199 2025-07-02T13:33:50Z 2001:4451:12F:E600:AC42:9A72:D17C:206C 10367693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Peter Ostrum | image = Peter Ostrum by Gage Skidmore.jpg | alt = A three-quarters bust portrait photo shows a middle-aged white man looking to the photographer's right; he is wearing a blue-plaid collared shirt and a lanyard. | caption = Ostrum in November 2017 | birth_name = Peter Gardner Ostrum | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1957|11|01}} | birth_place = [[Dallas]], Texas, US | education = [[Veterinary medicine in the United States#Qualification|DVM]], [[Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine]] (1984) | occupation = {{unbulleted list|Actor (1970)|Veterinarian (1984–2023)}} | employer = {{unbulleted list|Countryside Veterinary Clinic|Dairy Health & Mgmt. Services}} | known_for = Playing [[List of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory characters#Charlie Bucket|Charlie Bucket]] in ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]'' | spouse = Loretta M. Lepkowski | children = 2 }} '''Peter Ostrum''' (born November 1, 1957) is an American [[veterinarian]] who used to be an former child actor. He played [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Charlie Bucket|Charlie Bucket]] in the 1971 movie [[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]. He has not acted in any movies since then. {{multistub|US-bio|actor}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ostrum, Peter}} [[Category:1957 births]] [[Category:20th-century American actors]] [[Category:American child actors]] [[Category:American movie actors]] [[Category:American veterinarians]] [[Category:Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine alumni]] [[Category:living people]] [[Category:Actors from Cleveland]] [[Category:Actors from Dallas]] [[Category:North Hunterdon High School alumni]] [[Category:people from Lowville, New York]] dalb1da9gm8fkmoo6pq98t0oi4wffjq 10367695 10367693 2025-07-02T13:34:34Z 2001:4451:12F:E600:AC42:9A72:D17C:206C 10367695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Peter Ostrum | image = Peter Ostrum by Gage Skidmore.jpg | alt = A three-quarters bust portrait photo shows a middle-aged white man looking to the photographer's right; he is wearing a blue-plaid collared shirt and a lanyard. | caption = Ostrum in November 2017 | birth_name = Peter Gardner Ostrum | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1957|11|01}} | birth_place = [[Dallas]], Texas, US | education = [[Veterinary medicine in the United States#Qualification|DVM]], [[Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine]] (1984) | occupation = {{unbulleted list|Actor (1970)|Veterinarian (1984–2023)}} | employer = {{unbulleted list|Countryside Veterinary Clinic|Dairy Health & Mgmt. Services}} | known_for = Playing [[List of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory characters#Charlie Bucket|Charlie Bucket]] in ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]'' | spouse = Loretta M. Lepkowski | children = 2 }} '''Peter Ostrum''' (born November 1, 1957) is an American [[veterinarian]] who used to be an former child actor. He played [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Charlie Bucket|Charlie Bucket]] in the 1971 movie [[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]. He has not acted in any movies since then. ==Other websites== {{multistub|US-bio|actor}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ostrum, Peter}} [[Category:1957 births]] [[Category:20th-century American actors]] [[Category:American child actors]] [[Category:American movie actors]] [[Category:American veterinarians]] [[Category:Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine alumni]] [[Category:living people]] [[Category:Actors from Cleveland]] [[Category:Actors from Dallas]] [[Category:North Hunterdon High School alumni]] [[Category:people from Lowville, New York]] 83r0p9txl9cxcb3om6au3qmijj5v2eg 10367699 10367695 2025-07-02T13:37:07Z 2001:4451:12F:E600:AC42:9A72:D17C:206C 10367699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Peter Ostrum | image = Peter Ostrum by Gage Skidmore.jpg | alt = A three-quarters bust portrait photo shows a middle-aged white man looking to the photographer's right; he is wearing a blue-plaid collared shirt and a lanyard. | caption = Ostrum in November 2017 | birth_name = Peter Gardner Ostrum | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1957|11|01}} | birth_place = [[Dallas]], Texas, US | education = [[Veterinary medicine in the United States#Qualification|DVM]], [[Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine]] (1984) | occupation = {{unbulleted list|Actor (1970)|Veterinarian (1984–2023)}} | employer = {{unbulleted list|Countryside Veterinary Clinic|Dairy Health & Mgmt. Services}} | known_for = Playing [[List of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory characters#Charlie Bucket|Charlie Bucket]] in ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]'' | spouse = Loretta M. Lepkowski | children = 2 }} '''Peter Ostrum''' (born November 1, 1957) is an American [[veterinarian]] who used to be an former child actor. He played [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Charlie Bucket|Charlie Bucket]] in the 1971 movie [[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]. He has not acted in any movies since then. ==Other websites== * {{IMDb name|0652578}} {{multistub|US-bio|actor}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ostrum, Peter}} [[Category:1957 births]] [[Category:20th-century American actors]] [[Category:American child actors]] [[Category:American movie actors]] [[Category:American veterinarians]] [[Category:Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine alumni]] [[Category:living people]] [[Category:Actors from Cleveland]] [[Category:Actors from Dallas]] [[Category:North Hunterdon High School alumni]] [[Category:people from Lowville, New York]] 4ejo8ontp9l6y8k2aj5gnyrowwq0xef 0 1083032 10367628 10356749 2025-07-02T12:52:55Z 2001:4451:12F:E600:AC42:9A72:D17C:206C 10367628 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} {{Infobox film | name = Tom and Jerry:<br />Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory | image = Tom-and-jerry-willy-wonka-movie-poster.png | caption = DVD cover | director = [[Spike Brandt]] | producer = {{plainlist| * Spike Brandt * [[Tony Cervone]] }} | writer = Gene Grillo | based_on = {{plainlist| * {{Based on|''[[Charlie and the Chocolate Factory]]''|[[Roald Dahl]]}} * {{Based on|''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]''|[[Mel Stuart]]}} * {{Based on|''[[Tom and Jerry]]''|[[William Hanna]] and [[Joseph Barbera]]}} }} | starring = {{plainlist| * [[Spike Brandt]] * [[J. P. Karliak]] * [[Jess Harnell]] * Lincoln Melcher * [[Mick Wingert]] * [[Lori Alan]] * [[Jeff Bergman]] * Rachel Butera * [[Kate Higgins]] * Dallas Lovato * [[Emily O'Brien]] * [[Sean Schemmel]] * [[Kath Soucie]] * [[Jim Ward (voice actor)|Jim Ward]] * [[Audrey Wasilewski]] * Lauren Weisman }} | music = [[Michael Tavera]]<br>[[Walter Scharf]] (original themes)<br>Robby Merkin (musical director) | editing = {{plainlist| * Dave Courter * Philip Malamuth }} | studio = {{plainlist| * [[Turner Entertainment|Turner Entertainment Co.]] * [[Warner Bros. Animation]] * [[Digital eMation]] (animation services) }} | distributor = [[Warner Bros. Home Entertainment]] | released = {{Film date|2017|06|27|Digital|2017|07|11|DVD|ref2=<ref name="Collider">{{cite web |url= https://collider.com/tom-jerry-willy-wonka-movie-trailer/ |title= 'Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory' Trailer Confuses the Internet |work= [[Collider (website)|Collider]] |date= April 20, 2017 |access-date= March 1, 2020 |archive-date= August 28, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230828005759/https://collider.com/tom-jerry-willy-wonka-movie-trailer/ |url-status= live }}</ref>}} | runtime = 79 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/Tom-Jerry-Willy-Chocolate-Factory/dp/B071NBZFR3/ref=sr_1_1?s=movies-tv&ie=UTF8&qid=1493787809&sr=1-1&keywords=willy+wonka+and+the+chocolate+factory |title=Amazon.com link |website=Amazon |access-date=May 3, 2017 |archive-date=October 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008004616/https://www.amazon.com/Tom-Jerry-Willy-Chocolate-Factory/dp/B071NBZFR3/ref=sr_1_1?s=movies-tv&ie=UTF8&qid=1493787809&sr=1-1&keywords=willy+wonka+and+the+chocolate+factory |url-status=live }}</ref> | country = {{plainlist| * United States (production) * South Korea (overseas animation) }} | language = English }} '''''Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory''''' is a 2017 [[direct-to-video]] movie about [[Tom and Jerry]] going with [[Charlie Bucket]] to [[Willy Wonka]]’s Chocolate Factory.<ref name="Collider">{{cite web |url= https://collider.com/tom-jerry-willy-wonka-movie-trailer/ |title= 'Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory' Trailer Confuses the Internet |work= [[Collider (website)|Collider]] |date= April 20, 2017 |access-date= March 1, 2020 |archive-date= August 28, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230828005759/https://collider.com/tom-jerry-willy-wonka-movie-trailer/ |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/Tom-Jerry-Willy-Chocolate-Factory/dp/B071NBZFR3/ref=sr_1_1?s=movies-tv&ie=UTF8&qid=1493787809&sr=1-1&keywords=willy+wonka+and+the+chocolate+factory |title=Amazon.com link |website=Amazon |access-date=May 3, 2017 |archive-date=October 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008004616/https://www.amazon.com/Tom-Jerry-Willy-Chocolate-Factory/dp/B071NBZFR3/ref=sr_1_1?s=movies-tv&ie=UTF8&qid=1493787809&sr=1-1&keywords=willy+wonka+and+the+chocolate+factory |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Guardian">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/apr/21/tom-and-jerry-willy-wonka-and-the-chocolate-factory-ruin-movies |title=How to ruin other classic movies by inserting Tom and Jerry |author=Heritage, Stuart |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=April 21, 2017 |access-date=August 2, 2017 |archive-date=October 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002032306/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/apr/21/tom-and-jerry-willy-wonka-and-the-chocolate-factory-ruin-movies |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Polygon">{{cite web |url= https://www.polygon.com/2017/4/18/15340396/tom-jerry-charlie-chocolate-factory-please-stop |title= Tom & Jerry continue to decimate cinema with Charlie and the Chocolate Factory movie |work= [[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |date= April 18, 2017 |access-date= March 1, 2020 |archive-date= October 2, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231002033724/https://www.polygon.com/2017/4/18/15340396/tom-jerry-charlie-chocolate-factory-please-stop |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="Movieweb">{{cite web |url= https://movieweb.com/tom-jerry-willy-wonka-chocolate-factory-movie-trailer/ |title= Willy Wonka Gets a Tom and Jerry Remake and It Looks Awful |work= [[MovieWeb]] |date= April 19, 2017 |access-date= March 1, 2020 |archive-date= March 1, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200301225519/https://movieweb.com/tom-jerry-willy-wonka-chocolate-factory-movie-trailer/ |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="Cartoon Brew">{{cite web |url= https://www.cartoonbrew.com/direct-to-video/wb-will-stick-tom-jerry-anything-including-willy-wonka-chocolate-factory-150328.html |title= WB Will Stick Tom & Jerry Into Anything, Including 'Willy Wonka & The Chocolate Factory' |work= [[Cartoon Brew]] |date= April 19, 2017 |access-date= March 1, 2020 |archive-date= May 13, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190513022501/https://www.cartoonbrew.com/direct-to-video/wb-will-stick-tom-jerry-anything-including-willy-wonka-chocolate-factory-150328.html |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="Jezebel">{{cite web |url=https://jezebel.com/tom-and-jerry-should-not-meet-willy-wonka-in-a-feature-1794417859 |title=Tom and Jerry Should Not Meet Willy Wonka in a Feature Film. It Is an Abomination |work=[[Jezebel (website)|Jezebel]] |date=April 18, 2017 |access-date=March 1, 2020 |archive-date=November 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112122914/https://jezebel.com/tom-and-jerry-should-not-meet-willy-wonka-in-a-feature-1794417859 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gizmodo.com.au/2017/07/my-mad-descent-into-the-hellish-void-that-is-tom-and-jerry-willy-wonka-and-the-chocolate-factory/ |title=My Mad Descent Into the Hellish Void That Is ''Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory'' |author=Elderkin, Beth |publisher=[[Gizmodo]] |date=July 2, 2017 |access-date=August 2, 2017 |archive-date=November 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112232507/https://www.gizmodo.com.au/2017/07/my-mad-descent-into-the-hellish-void-that-is-tom-and-jerry-willy-wonka-and-the-chocolate-factory/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It also has a similar story to the movie [[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]] based on the book [[Charlie and the Chocolate Factory]] by [[Roald Dahl]]. == Plot == Tom and Jerry chase each other all over town as they search for food until Jerry disappears with a group of kids who go to Bill's Candy Shop. The store owner gives free candy to the kids, while Tom and Jerry continue their antics in the store. Charlie Bucket, a poor boy, stops Tom from eating Jerry and befriends them by offering them a piece of bread. As Charlie runs to his widowed mother and bedridden grandparents, Tom and Jerry steal a box of Wonka Bars from the store. Grandpa Joe reveals to Charlie that Willy Wonka locked down his famous chocolate factory because other candy manufacturers, including a rival named Arthur Slugworth, sent spies to steal his recipes. Wonka disappeared, but for three years he went back to selling sweets; the origin of Wonka's workforce is unknown. Tom and Jerry arrive at Charlie's house with the box of Wonka Bars, but Charlie convinces the two that the theft is wrong and they should return the box. The next day, Wonka announces that he has hidden five golden tickets in Wonka bars. The inventors of the tickets will receive a tour of the factory and a lifetime supply of chocolate. Four of the tickets accidentally land in the wrong hands of Augustus Gloop, a greedy young man; Veruca Salt, a spoiled girl; Violet Beauregarde, a young woman in [[chewing gum]]; and Mike Teavee, an angry boy obsessed with television. As each winner is announced on television, a man whispers to them. Charlie opens a Wonka Bar, but can't find the Golden Ticket and loses hope. The newspapers announce that the fifth ticket was found by a gentleman named Alberto Minoleta (played by Droopy). Tom and Jerry earn a dollar coin by recycling milk bottles, but lose it in the gutter after fighting over it. Charlie finds the coin and uses it to buy a Wonka Bar for Grandpa Joe. Television news reveals that Droopy was arrested for faking his ticket; when Charlie opens the Wonka Bar, he finds the fifth golden ticket. As he runs home, he is confronted by the same man seen whispering to the other winners, who introduces himself as Slugworth and offers to pay for a sample of Wonka's latest creation, the Everlasting Gobstopper. Charlie returns home with the Golden Tickets and chooses Grandpa Joe as his chaperone. The next day, Tom and Jerry rush to the factory with the Golden Ticket that Grandpa Joe forgot. When the children enter the factory, the film plays in the same order as the source material, with the occasional interjection of Tom and Jerry interacting with the factory. Since only Charlie and Grandpa Joe remain, Wonka fires them without the promised chocolate. An extremely little Oompa-Loompa intern named Tuffy warns Charlie that Slugworth and Spike have stolen an Everlasting Gobstopper and are leaving the factory. After a fight in Wonkavision's [[living room]], Charlie stops Slugworth. After that, Charlie and Grandpa Joe confront Wonka at the end of the tour. Wonka coldly explains that they violated the contract by stealing fizzy drinks and allowing Tom and Jerry to enter the factory and therefore they will receive nothing. Enraged by this, Grandpa Joe tries to protest, but Wonka angrily demands that all the humans must leave at once. Grandpa Joe then suggests to Charlie that he should give Slugworth the Gobstopper, but Charlie returns the candy to Wonka. Because of this, Wonka declares Charlie the winner. He reveals that Slugworth is actually Mr. Wilkinson, an employee of his, and the offer to buy the Gobstopper was a test of morality that only Charlie passed. The trio and Tuffy enter the "Wonkavator", a multi-directional glass elevator that leaves the factory. Tom and Jerry shrink Wilkinson and Spike to the problems they posed throughout the film and use Fizzy's yeast drinks to reach out to others. Flying over the city, Wonka reveals that his current prize is the factory; Wonka created the contest to find a worthy heir, while Charlie and his family can move in right away, including Tom and Jerry. ==Voice cast== * Spike Brandt as Tom Cat / Jerry Mouse (uncredited), Spike Bulldog (credited) * [[JP Karliak]] as [[Willy Wonka]] * [[Jess Harnell]] as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Grandpa Joe|Grandpa Joe]] (credited), Bill and Sam Beauregarde (uncredited) * Lincoln Melcher as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Charlie Bucket|Charlie Bucket]] * [[Mick Wingert]] as Mr. Slugworth / Mr. Wilkinson * [[Lori Alan]] as Mrs. Teavee * [[Jeff Bergman]] as Droopy Dog as Alberto Minoleta and American Reporter * Rachel Butera as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Augustus Gloop|Augustus Gloop]] and Winkelmann * [[Kate Higgins]] as Mrs. Bucket * Dallas Lovato as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Violet Beauregarde|Violet Beauregarde]] * Emily O'Brien as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Veruca Salt|Veruca Salt]] * [[Sean Schemmel]] as Henry Salt and Mr. Turkentine * [[Kath Soucie]] as Tuffy the Oompa Loompa Mouse * Jim Ward as Anchorman and German Reporter * [[Audrey Wasilewski]] as Mrs. Gloop * Lauren Weisman as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Mike Teavee|Mike Teavee]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category}} * {{IMDb title|6803390|Tom & Jerry: Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes|tom_and_jerry_willy_wonka_and_the_chocolate_factory|Tom & Jerry: Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory}} [[Category:2017 animated movies]] [[Category:2017 musical movies]] [[Category:2017 comedy movies]] [[Category:Warner Bros. direct-to-video movies]] [[Category:Direct-to-video movies]] [[Category:2010s American musical movies]] [[Category:American musical comedy movies]] [[Category:Movies set in factories]] [[Category:Tom and Jerry movies]] {{movie-stub}} [[Category:Movies about candy cruelty]] [[Category:Movies about dinosaur abuse]] rko80jmhbiwfh63t8nix9l1aforq6ru 10367630 10367628 2025-07-02T12:53:14Z 2001:4451:12F:E600:AC42:9A72:D17C:206C 10367630 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} {{Infobox film | name = Tom and Jerry:<br />Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory | image = | caption = | director = [[Spike Brandt]] | producer = {{plainlist| * Spike Brandt * [[Tony Cervone]] }} | writer = Gene Grillo | based_on = {{plainlist| * {{Based on|''[[Charlie and the Chocolate Factory]]''|[[Roald Dahl]]}} * {{Based on|''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]''|[[Mel Stuart]]}} * {{Based on|''[[Tom and Jerry]]''|[[William Hanna]] and [[Joseph Barbera]]}} }} | starring = {{plainlist| * [[Spike Brandt]] * [[J. P. Karliak]] * [[Jess Harnell]] * Lincoln Melcher * [[Mick Wingert]] * [[Lori Alan]] * [[Jeff Bergman]] * Rachel Butera * [[Kate Higgins]] * Dallas Lovato * [[Emily O'Brien]] * [[Sean Schemmel]] * [[Kath Soucie]] * [[Jim Ward (voice actor)|Jim Ward]] * [[Audrey Wasilewski]] * Lauren Weisman }} | music = [[Michael Tavera]]<br>[[Walter Scharf]] (original themes)<br>Robby Merkin (musical director) | editing = {{plainlist| * Dave Courter * Philip Malamuth }} | studio = {{plainlist| * [[Turner Entertainment|Turner Entertainment Co.]] * [[Warner Bros. Animation]] * [[Digital eMation]] (animation services) }} | distributor = [[Warner Bros. Home Entertainment]] | released = {{Film date|2017|06|27|Digital|2017|07|11|DVD|ref2=<ref name="Collider">{{cite web |url= https://collider.com/tom-jerry-willy-wonka-movie-trailer/ |title= 'Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory' Trailer Confuses the Internet |work= [[Collider (website)|Collider]] |date= April 20, 2017 |access-date= March 1, 2020 |archive-date= August 28, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230828005759/https://collider.com/tom-jerry-willy-wonka-movie-trailer/ |url-status= live }}</ref>}} | runtime = 79 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/Tom-Jerry-Willy-Chocolate-Factory/dp/B071NBZFR3/ref=sr_1_1?s=movies-tv&ie=UTF8&qid=1493787809&sr=1-1&keywords=willy+wonka+and+the+chocolate+factory |title=Amazon.com link |website=Amazon |access-date=May 3, 2017 |archive-date=October 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008004616/https://www.amazon.com/Tom-Jerry-Willy-Chocolate-Factory/dp/B071NBZFR3/ref=sr_1_1?s=movies-tv&ie=UTF8&qid=1493787809&sr=1-1&keywords=willy+wonka+and+the+chocolate+factory |url-status=live }}</ref> | country = {{plainlist| * United States (production) * South Korea (overseas animation) }} | language = English }} '''''Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory''''' is a 2017 [[direct-to-video]] movie about [[Tom and Jerry]] going with [[Charlie Bucket]] to [[Willy Wonka]]’s Chocolate Factory.<ref name="Collider">{{cite web |url= https://collider.com/tom-jerry-willy-wonka-movie-trailer/ |title= 'Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory' Trailer Confuses the Internet |work= [[Collider (website)|Collider]] |date= April 20, 2017 |access-date= March 1, 2020 |archive-date= August 28, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230828005759/https://collider.com/tom-jerry-willy-wonka-movie-trailer/ |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/Tom-Jerry-Willy-Chocolate-Factory/dp/B071NBZFR3/ref=sr_1_1?s=movies-tv&ie=UTF8&qid=1493787809&sr=1-1&keywords=willy+wonka+and+the+chocolate+factory |title=Amazon.com link |website=Amazon |access-date=May 3, 2017 |archive-date=October 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008004616/https://www.amazon.com/Tom-Jerry-Willy-Chocolate-Factory/dp/B071NBZFR3/ref=sr_1_1?s=movies-tv&ie=UTF8&qid=1493787809&sr=1-1&keywords=willy+wonka+and+the+chocolate+factory |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Guardian">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/apr/21/tom-and-jerry-willy-wonka-and-the-chocolate-factory-ruin-movies |title=How to ruin other classic movies by inserting Tom and Jerry |author=Heritage, Stuart |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=April 21, 2017 |access-date=August 2, 2017 |archive-date=October 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002032306/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/apr/21/tom-and-jerry-willy-wonka-and-the-chocolate-factory-ruin-movies |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Polygon">{{cite web |url= https://www.polygon.com/2017/4/18/15340396/tom-jerry-charlie-chocolate-factory-please-stop |title= Tom & Jerry continue to decimate cinema with Charlie and the Chocolate Factory movie |work= [[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |date= April 18, 2017 |access-date= March 1, 2020 |archive-date= October 2, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231002033724/https://www.polygon.com/2017/4/18/15340396/tom-jerry-charlie-chocolate-factory-please-stop |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="Movieweb">{{cite web |url= https://movieweb.com/tom-jerry-willy-wonka-chocolate-factory-movie-trailer/ |title= Willy Wonka Gets a Tom and Jerry Remake and It Looks Awful |work= [[MovieWeb]] |date= April 19, 2017 |access-date= March 1, 2020 |archive-date= March 1, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200301225519/https://movieweb.com/tom-jerry-willy-wonka-chocolate-factory-movie-trailer/ |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="Cartoon Brew">{{cite web |url= https://www.cartoonbrew.com/direct-to-video/wb-will-stick-tom-jerry-anything-including-willy-wonka-chocolate-factory-150328.html |title= WB Will Stick Tom & Jerry Into Anything, Including 'Willy Wonka & The Chocolate Factory' |work= [[Cartoon Brew]] |date= April 19, 2017 |access-date= March 1, 2020 |archive-date= May 13, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190513022501/https://www.cartoonbrew.com/direct-to-video/wb-will-stick-tom-jerry-anything-including-willy-wonka-chocolate-factory-150328.html |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="Jezebel">{{cite web |url=https://jezebel.com/tom-and-jerry-should-not-meet-willy-wonka-in-a-feature-1794417859 |title=Tom and Jerry Should Not Meet Willy Wonka in a Feature Film. It Is an Abomination |work=[[Jezebel (website)|Jezebel]] |date=April 18, 2017 |access-date=March 1, 2020 |archive-date=November 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112122914/https://jezebel.com/tom-and-jerry-should-not-meet-willy-wonka-in-a-feature-1794417859 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gizmodo.com.au/2017/07/my-mad-descent-into-the-hellish-void-that-is-tom-and-jerry-willy-wonka-and-the-chocolate-factory/ |title=My Mad Descent Into the Hellish Void That Is ''Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory'' |author=Elderkin, Beth |publisher=[[Gizmodo]] |date=July 2, 2017 |access-date=August 2, 2017 |archive-date=November 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112232507/https://www.gizmodo.com.au/2017/07/my-mad-descent-into-the-hellish-void-that-is-tom-and-jerry-willy-wonka-and-the-chocolate-factory/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It also has a similar story to the movie [[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]] based on the book [[Charlie and the Chocolate Factory]] by [[Roald Dahl]]. == Plot == Tom and Jerry chase each other all over town as they search for food until Jerry disappears with a group of kids who go to Bill's Candy Shop. The store owner gives free candy to the kids, while Tom and Jerry continue their antics in the store. Charlie Bucket, a poor boy, stops Tom from eating Jerry and befriends them by offering them a piece of bread. As Charlie runs to his widowed mother and bedridden grandparents, Tom and Jerry steal a box of Wonka Bars from the store. Grandpa Joe reveals to Charlie that Willy Wonka locked down his famous chocolate factory because other candy manufacturers, including a rival named Arthur Slugworth, sent spies to steal his recipes. Wonka disappeared, but for three years he went back to selling sweets; the origin of Wonka's workforce is unknown. Tom and Jerry arrive at Charlie's house with the box of Wonka Bars, but Charlie convinces the two that the theft is wrong and they should return the box. The next day, Wonka announces that he has hidden five golden tickets in Wonka bars. The inventors of the tickets will receive a tour of the factory and a lifetime supply of chocolate. Four of the tickets accidentally land in the wrong hands of Augustus Gloop, a greedy young man; Veruca Salt, a spoiled girl; Violet Beauregarde, a young woman in [[chewing gum]]; and Mike Teavee, an angry boy obsessed with television. As each winner is announced on television, a man whispers to them. Charlie opens a Wonka Bar, but can't find the Golden Ticket and loses hope. The newspapers announce that the fifth ticket was found by a gentleman named Alberto Minoleta (played by Droopy). Tom and Jerry earn a dollar coin by recycling milk bottles, but lose it in the gutter after fighting over it. Charlie finds the coin and uses it to buy a Wonka Bar for Grandpa Joe. Television news reveals that Droopy was arrested for faking his ticket; when Charlie opens the Wonka Bar, he finds the fifth golden ticket. As he runs home, he is confronted by the same man seen whispering to the other winners, who introduces himself as Slugworth and offers to pay for a sample of Wonka's latest creation, the Everlasting Gobstopper. Charlie returns home with the Golden Tickets and chooses Grandpa Joe as his chaperone. The next day, Tom and Jerry rush to the factory with the Golden Ticket that Grandpa Joe forgot. When the children enter the factory, the film plays in the same order as the source material, with the occasional interjection of Tom and Jerry interacting with the factory. Since only Charlie and Grandpa Joe remain, Wonka fires them without the promised chocolate. An extremely little Oompa-Loompa intern named Tuffy warns Charlie that Slugworth and Spike have stolen an Everlasting Gobstopper and are leaving the factory. After a fight in Wonkavision's [[living room]], Charlie stops Slugworth. After that, Charlie and Grandpa Joe confront Wonka at the end of the tour. Wonka coldly explains that they violated the contract by stealing fizzy drinks and allowing Tom and Jerry to enter the factory and therefore they will receive nothing. Enraged by this, Grandpa Joe tries to protest, but Wonka angrily demands that all the humans must leave at once. Grandpa Joe then suggests to Charlie that he should give Slugworth the Gobstopper, but Charlie returns the candy to Wonka. Because of this, Wonka declares Charlie the winner. He reveals that Slugworth is actually Mr. Wilkinson, an employee of his, and the offer to buy the Gobstopper was a test of morality that only Charlie passed. The trio and Tuffy enter the "Wonkavator", a multi-directional glass elevator that leaves the factory. Tom and Jerry shrink Wilkinson and Spike to the problems they posed throughout the film and use Fizzy's yeast drinks to reach out to others. Flying over the city, Wonka reveals that his current prize is the factory; Wonka created the contest to find a worthy heir, while Charlie and his family can move in right away, including Tom and Jerry. ==Voice cast== * Spike Brandt as Tom Cat / Jerry Mouse (uncredited), Spike Bulldog (credited) * [[JP Karliak]] as [[Willy Wonka]] * [[Jess Harnell]] as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Grandpa Joe|Grandpa Joe]] (credited), Bill and Sam Beauregarde (uncredited) * Lincoln Melcher as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Charlie Bucket|Charlie Bucket]] * [[Mick Wingert]] as Mr. Slugworth / Mr. Wilkinson * [[Lori Alan]] as Mrs. Teavee * [[Jeff Bergman]] as Droopy Dog as Alberto Minoleta and American Reporter * Rachel Butera as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Augustus Gloop|Augustus Gloop]] and Winkelmann * [[Kate Higgins]] as Mrs. Bucket * Dallas Lovato as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Violet Beauregarde|Violet Beauregarde]] * Emily O'Brien as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Veruca Salt|Veruca Salt]] * [[Sean Schemmel]] as Henry Salt and Mr. Turkentine * [[Kath Soucie]] as Tuffy the Oompa Loompa Mouse * Jim Ward as Anchorman and German Reporter * [[Audrey Wasilewski]] as Mrs. Gloop * Lauren Weisman as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Mike Teavee|Mike Teavee]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category}} * {{IMDb title|6803390|Tom & Jerry: Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes|tom_and_jerry_willy_wonka_and_the_chocolate_factory|Tom & Jerry: Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory}} [[Category:2017 animated movies]] [[Category:2017 musical movies]] [[Category:2017 comedy movies]] [[Category:Warner Bros. direct-to-video movies]] [[Category:Direct-to-video movies]] [[Category:2010s American musical movies]] [[Category:American musical comedy movies]] [[Category:Movies set in factories]] [[Category:Tom and Jerry movies]] {{movie-stub}} [[Category:Movies about candy cruelty]] [[Category:Movies about dinosaur abuse]] l5ys9v3l6e5zvmjaceziqnedqlneq9d 10367634 10367630 2025-07-02T12:55:24Z 2001:4451:12F:E600:AC42:9A72:D17C:206C 10367634 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} {{Infobox film | name = Tom and Jerry:<br />Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory | image = | caption = | director = [[Spike Brandt]] | producer = {{plainlist| * Spike Brandt * [[Tony Cervone]] }} | writer = Gene Grillo | based_on = {{plainlist| * {{Based on|''[[Charlie and the Chocolate Factory]]''|[[Roald Dahl]]}} * {{Based on|''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]''|[[Mel Stuart]]}} * {{Based on|''[[Tom and Jerry]]''|[[William Hanna]] and [[Joseph Barbera]]}} }} | starring = {{plainlist| * Spike Brandt * [[JP Karliak]] * [[Jess Harnell]] * Lincoln Melcher * [[Mick Wingert]] * [[Lori Alan]] * [[Jeff Bergman]] * Rachel Butera * [[Kate Higgins]] * Dallas Lovato * Emily O'Brien * [[Sean Schemmel]] * [[Kath Soucie]] * Jim Ward * [[Audrey Wasilewski]] * Lauren Weisman }} | music = [[Michael Tavera]]<br>[[Walter Scharf]] (original themes)<br>Robby Merkin (musical director) | editing = {{plainlist| * Dave Courter * Philip Malamuth }} | studio = {{plainlist| * [[Turner Entertainment|Turner Entertainment Co.]] * [[Warner Bros. Animation]] * [[Digital eMation]] (animation services) }} | distributor = [[Warner Bros. Home Entertainment]] | released = {{Film date|2017|06|27|Digital|2017|07|11|DVD|ref2=<ref name="Collider">{{cite web |url= https://collider.com/tom-jerry-willy-wonka-movie-trailer/ |title= 'Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory' Trailer Confuses the Internet |work= [[Collider (website)|Collider]] |date= April 20, 2017 |access-date= March 1, 2020 |archive-date= August 28, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230828005759/https://collider.com/tom-jerry-willy-wonka-movie-trailer/ |url-status= live }}</ref>}} | runtime = 79 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/Tom-Jerry-Willy-Chocolate-Factory/dp/B071NBZFR3/ref=sr_1_1?s=movies-tv&ie=UTF8&qid=1493787809&sr=1-1&keywords=willy+wonka+and+the+chocolate+factory |title=Amazon.com link |website=Amazon |access-date=May 3, 2017 |archive-date=October 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008004616/https://www.amazon.com/Tom-Jerry-Willy-Chocolate-Factory/dp/B071NBZFR3/ref=sr_1_1?s=movies-tv&ie=UTF8&qid=1493787809&sr=1-1&keywords=willy+wonka+and+the+chocolate+factory |url-status=live }}</ref> | country = {{plainlist| * United States (production) * South Korea (overseas animation) }} | language = English }} '''''Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory''''' is a 2017 [[direct-to-video]] movie about [[Tom and Jerry]] going with [[Charlie Bucket]] to [[Willy Wonka]]’s Chocolate Factory.<ref name="Collider">{{cite web |url= https://collider.com/tom-jerry-willy-wonka-movie-trailer/ |title= 'Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory' Trailer Confuses the Internet |work= [[Collider (website)|Collider]] |date= April 20, 2017 |access-date= March 1, 2020 |archive-date= August 28, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230828005759/https://collider.com/tom-jerry-willy-wonka-movie-trailer/ |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/Tom-Jerry-Willy-Chocolate-Factory/dp/B071NBZFR3/ref=sr_1_1?s=movies-tv&ie=UTF8&qid=1493787809&sr=1-1&keywords=willy+wonka+and+the+chocolate+factory |title=Amazon.com link |website=Amazon |access-date=May 3, 2017 |archive-date=October 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008004616/https://www.amazon.com/Tom-Jerry-Willy-Chocolate-Factory/dp/B071NBZFR3/ref=sr_1_1?s=movies-tv&ie=UTF8&qid=1493787809&sr=1-1&keywords=willy+wonka+and+the+chocolate+factory |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Guardian">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/apr/21/tom-and-jerry-willy-wonka-and-the-chocolate-factory-ruin-movies |title=How to ruin other classic movies by inserting Tom and Jerry |author=Heritage, Stuart |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=April 21, 2017 |access-date=August 2, 2017 |archive-date=October 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002032306/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/apr/21/tom-and-jerry-willy-wonka-and-the-chocolate-factory-ruin-movies |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Polygon">{{cite web |url= https://www.polygon.com/2017/4/18/15340396/tom-jerry-charlie-chocolate-factory-please-stop |title= Tom & Jerry continue to decimate cinema with Charlie and the Chocolate Factory movie |work= [[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |date= April 18, 2017 |access-date= March 1, 2020 |archive-date= October 2, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231002033724/https://www.polygon.com/2017/4/18/15340396/tom-jerry-charlie-chocolate-factory-please-stop |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="Movieweb">{{cite web |url= https://movieweb.com/tom-jerry-willy-wonka-chocolate-factory-movie-trailer/ |title= Willy Wonka Gets a Tom and Jerry Remake and It Looks Awful |work= [[MovieWeb]] |date= April 19, 2017 |access-date= March 1, 2020 |archive-date= March 1, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200301225519/https://movieweb.com/tom-jerry-willy-wonka-chocolate-factory-movie-trailer/ |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="Cartoon Brew">{{cite web |url= https://www.cartoonbrew.com/direct-to-video/wb-will-stick-tom-jerry-anything-including-willy-wonka-chocolate-factory-150328.html |title= WB Will Stick Tom & Jerry Into Anything, Including 'Willy Wonka & The Chocolate Factory' |work= [[Cartoon Brew]] |date= April 19, 2017 |access-date= March 1, 2020 |archive-date= May 13, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190513022501/https://www.cartoonbrew.com/direct-to-video/wb-will-stick-tom-jerry-anything-including-willy-wonka-chocolate-factory-150328.html |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="Jezebel">{{cite web |url=https://jezebel.com/tom-and-jerry-should-not-meet-willy-wonka-in-a-feature-1794417859 |title=Tom and Jerry Should Not Meet Willy Wonka in a Feature Film. It Is an Abomination |work=[[Jezebel (website)|Jezebel]] |date=April 18, 2017 |access-date=March 1, 2020 |archive-date=November 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112122914/https://jezebel.com/tom-and-jerry-should-not-meet-willy-wonka-in-a-feature-1794417859 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gizmodo.com.au/2017/07/my-mad-descent-into-the-hellish-void-that-is-tom-and-jerry-willy-wonka-and-the-chocolate-factory/ |title=My Mad Descent Into the Hellish Void That Is ''Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory'' |author=Elderkin, Beth |publisher=[[Gizmodo]] |date=July 2, 2017 |access-date=August 2, 2017 |archive-date=November 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112232507/https://www.gizmodo.com.au/2017/07/my-mad-descent-into-the-hellish-void-that-is-tom-and-jerry-willy-wonka-and-the-chocolate-factory/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It also has a similar story to the movie [[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]] based on the book [[Charlie and the Chocolate Factory]] by [[Roald Dahl]]. == Plot == Tom and Jerry chase each other all over town as they search for food until Jerry disappears with a group of kids who go to Bill's Candy Shop. The store owner gives free candy to the kids, while Tom and Jerry continue their antics in the store. Charlie Bucket, a poor boy, stops Tom from eating Jerry and befriends them by offering them a piece of bread. As Charlie runs to his widowed mother and bedridden grandparents, Tom and Jerry steal a box of Wonka Bars from the store. Grandpa Joe reveals to Charlie that Willy Wonka locked down his famous chocolate factory because other candy manufacturers, including a rival named Arthur Slugworth, sent spies to steal his recipes. Wonka disappeared, but for three years he went back to selling sweets; the origin of Wonka's workforce is unknown. Tom and Jerry arrive at Charlie's house with the box of Wonka Bars, but Charlie convinces the two that the theft is wrong and they should return the box. The next day, Wonka announces that he has hidden five golden tickets in Wonka bars. The inventors of the tickets will receive a tour of the factory and a lifetime supply of chocolate. Four of the tickets accidentally land in the wrong hands of Augustus Gloop, a greedy young man; Veruca Salt, a spoiled girl; Violet Beauregarde, a young woman in [[chewing gum]]; and Mike Teavee, an angry boy obsessed with television. As each winner is announced on television, a man whispers to them. Charlie opens a Wonka Bar, but can't find the Golden Ticket and loses hope. The newspapers announce that the fifth ticket was found by a gentleman named Alberto Minoleta (played by Droopy). Tom and Jerry earn a dollar coin by recycling milk bottles, but lose it in the gutter after fighting over it. Charlie finds the coin and uses it to buy a Wonka Bar for Grandpa Joe. Television news reveals that Droopy was arrested for faking his ticket; when Charlie opens the Wonka Bar, he finds the fifth golden ticket. As he runs home, he is confronted by the same man seen whispering to the other winners, who introduces himself as Slugworth and offers to pay for a sample of Wonka's latest creation, the Everlasting Gobstopper. Charlie returns home with the Golden Tickets and chooses Grandpa Joe as his chaperone. The next day, Tom and Jerry rush to the factory with the Golden Ticket that Grandpa Joe forgot. When the children enter the factory, the film plays in the same order as the source material, with the occasional interjection of Tom and Jerry interacting with the factory. Since only Charlie and Grandpa Joe remain, Wonka fires them without the promised chocolate. An extremely little Oompa-Loompa intern named Tuffy warns Charlie that Slugworth and Spike have stolen an Everlasting Gobstopper and are leaving the factory. After a fight in Wonkavision's [[living room]], Charlie stops Slugworth. After that, Charlie and Grandpa Joe confront Wonka at the end of the tour. Wonka coldly explains that they violated the contract by stealing fizzy drinks and allowing Tom and Jerry to enter the factory and therefore they will receive nothing. Enraged by this, Grandpa Joe tries to protest, but Wonka angrily demands that all the humans must leave at once. Grandpa Joe then suggests to Charlie that he should give Slugworth the Gobstopper, but Charlie returns the candy to Wonka. Because of this, Wonka declares Charlie the winner. He reveals that Slugworth is actually Mr. Wilkinson, an employee of his, and the offer to buy the Gobstopper was a test of morality that only Charlie passed. The trio and Tuffy enter the "Wonkavator", a multi-directional glass elevator that leaves the factory. Tom and Jerry shrink Wilkinson and Spike to the problems they posed throughout the film and use Fizzy's yeast drinks to reach out to others. Flying over the city, Wonka reveals that his current prize is the factory; Wonka created the contest to find a worthy heir, while Charlie and his family can move in right away, including Tom and Jerry. ==Voice cast== * Spike Brandt as Tom Cat / Jerry Mouse (uncredited), Spike Bulldog (credited) * [[JP Karliak]] as [[Willy Wonka]] * [[Jess Harnell]] as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Grandpa Joe|Grandpa Joe]] (credited), Bill and Sam Beauregarde (uncredited) * Lincoln Melcher as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Charlie Bucket|Charlie Bucket]] * [[Mick Wingert]] as Mr. Slugworth / Mr. Wilkinson * [[Lori Alan]] as Mrs. Teavee * [[Jeff Bergman]] as Droopy Dog as Alberto Minoleta and American Reporter * Rachel Butera as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Augustus Gloop|Augustus Gloop]] and Winkelmann * [[Kate Higgins]] as Mrs. Bucket * Dallas Lovato as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Violet Beauregarde|Violet Beauregarde]] * Emily O'Brien as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Veruca Salt|Veruca Salt]] * [[Sean Schemmel]] as Henry Salt and Mr. Turkentine * [[Kath Soucie]] as Tuffy the Oompa Loompa Mouse * Jim Ward as Anchorman and German Reporter * [[Audrey Wasilewski]] as Mrs. Gloop * Lauren Weisman as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Mike Teavee|Mike Teavee]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category}} * {{IMDb title|6803390|Tom & Jerry: Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes|tom_and_jerry_willy_wonka_and_the_chocolate_factory|Tom & Jerry: Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory}} [[Category:2017 animated movies]] [[Category:2017 musical movies]] [[Category:2017 comedy movies]] [[Category:Warner Bros. direct-to-video movies]] [[Category:Direct-to-video movies]] [[Category:2010s American musical movies]] [[Category:American musical comedy movies]] [[Category:Movies set in factories]] [[Category:Tom and Jerry movies]] {{movie-stub}} [[Category:Movies about candy cruelty]] [[Category:Movies about dinosaur abuse]] srvum1qkal8jt3ceclynkbbjyaoav7c 10367639 10367634 2025-07-02T12:56:51Z 2001:4451:12F:E600:AC42:9A72:D17C:206C 10367639 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} {{Infobox film | name = Tom and Jerry:<br />Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory | image = Child cast of Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory at the 2011 Wizard World Chicago.JPG | caption = | director = [[Spike Brandt]] | producer = {{plainlist| * Spike Brandt * [[Tony Cervone]] }} | writer = Gene Grillo | based_on = {{plainlist| * {{Based on|''[[Charlie and the Chocolate Factory]]''|[[Roald Dahl]]}} * {{Based on|''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]''|[[Mel Stuart]]}} * {{Based on|''[[Tom and Jerry]]''|[[William Hanna]] and [[Joseph Barbera]]}} }} | starring = {{plainlist| * Spike Brandt * [[JP Karliak]] * [[Jess Harnell]] * Lincoln Melcher * [[Mick Wingert]] * [[Lori Alan]] * [[Jeff Bergman]] * Rachel Butera * [[Kate Higgins]] * Dallas Lovato * Emily O'Brien * [[Sean Schemmel]] * [[Kath Soucie]] * Jim Ward * [[Audrey Wasilewski]] * Lauren Weisman }} | music = [[Michael Tavera]]<br>[[Walter Scharf]] (original themes)<br>Robby Merkin (musical director) | editing = {{plainlist| * Dave Courter * Philip Malamuth }} | studio = {{plainlist| * [[Turner Entertainment|Turner Entertainment Co.]] * [[Warner Bros. Animation]] * [[Digital eMation]] (animation services) }} | distributor = [[Warner Bros. Home Entertainment]] | released = {{Film date|2017|06|27|Digital|2017|07|11|DVD|ref2=<ref name="Collider">{{cite web |url= https://collider.com/tom-jerry-willy-wonka-movie-trailer/ |title= 'Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory' Trailer Confuses the Internet |work= [[Collider (website)|Collider]] |date= April 20, 2017 |access-date= March 1, 2020 |archive-date= August 28, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230828005759/https://collider.com/tom-jerry-willy-wonka-movie-trailer/ |url-status= live }}</ref>}} | runtime = 79 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/Tom-Jerry-Willy-Chocolate-Factory/dp/B071NBZFR3/ref=sr_1_1?s=movies-tv&ie=UTF8&qid=1493787809&sr=1-1&keywords=willy+wonka+and+the+chocolate+factory |title=Amazon.com link |website=Amazon |access-date=May 3, 2017 |archive-date=October 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008004616/https://www.amazon.com/Tom-Jerry-Willy-Chocolate-Factory/dp/B071NBZFR3/ref=sr_1_1?s=movies-tv&ie=UTF8&qid=1493787809&sr=1-1&keywords=willy+wonka+and+the+chocolate+factory |url-status=live }}</ref> | country = {{plainlist| * United States (production) * South Korea (overseas animation) }} | language = English }} '''''Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory''''' is a 2017 [[direct-to-video]] movie about [[Tom and Jerry]] going with [[Charlie Bucket]] to [[Willy Wonka]]’s Chocolate Factory.<ref name="Collider">{{cite web |url= https://collider.com/tom-jerry-willy-wonka-movie-trailer/ |title= 'Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory' Trailer Confuses the Internet |work= [[Collider (website)|Collider]] |date= April 20, 2017 |access-date= March 1, 2020 |archive-date= August 28, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230828005759/https://collider.com/tom-jerry-willy-wonka-movie-trailer/ |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/Tom-Jerry-Willy-Chocolate-Factory/dp/B071NBZFR3/ref=sr_1_1?s=movies-tv&ie=UTF8&qid=1493787809&sr=1-1&keywords=willy+wonka+and+the+chocolate+factory |title=Amazon.com link |website=Amazon |access-date=May 3, 2017 |archive-date=October 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008004616/https://www.amazon.com/Tom-Jerry-Willy-Chocolate-Factory/dp/B071NBZFR3/ref=sr_1_1?s=movies-tv&ie=UTF8&qid=1493787809&sr=1-1&keywords=willy+wonka+and+the+chocolate+factory |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Guardian">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/apr/21/tom-and-jerry-willy-wonka-and-the-chocolate-factory-ruin-movies |title=How to ruin other classic movies by inserting Tom and Jerry |author=Heritage, Stuart |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=April 21, 2017 |access-date=August 2, 2017 |archive-date=October 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002032306/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/apr/21/tom-and-jerry-willy-wonka-and-the-chocolate-factory-ruin-movies |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Polygon">{{cite web |url= https://www.polygon.com/2017/4/18/15340396/tom-jerry-charlie-chocolate-factory-please-stop |title= Tom & Jerry continue to decimate cinema with Charlie and the Chocolate Factory movie |work= [[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |date= April 18, 2017 |access-date= March 1, 2020 |archive-date= October 2, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231002033724/https://www.polygon.com/2017/4/18/15340396/tom-jerry-charlie-chocolate-factory-please-stop |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="Movieweb">{{cite web |url= https://movieweb.com/tom-jerry-willy-wonka-chocolate-factory-movie-trailer/ |title= Willy Wonka Gets a Tom and Jerry Remake and It Looks Awful |work= [[MovieWeb]] |date= April 19, 2017 |access-date= March 1, 2020 |archive-date= March 1, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200301225519/https://movieweb.com/tom-jerry-willy-wonka-chocolate-factory-movie-trailer/ |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="Cartoon Brew">{{cite web |url= https://www.cartoonbrew.com/direct-to-video/wb-will-stick-tom-jerry-anything-including-willy-wonka-chocolate-factory-150328.html |title= WB Will Stick Tom & Jerry Into Anything, Including 'Willy Wonka & The Chocolate Factory' |work= [[Cartoon Brew]] |date= April 19, 2017 |access-date= March 1, 2020 |archive-date= May 13, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190513022501/https://www.cartoonbrew.com/direct-to-video/wb-will-stick-tom-jerry-anything-including-willy-wonka-chocolate-factory-150328.html |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="Jezebel">{{cite web |url=https://jezebel.com/tom-and-jerry-should-not-meet-willy-wonka-in-a-feature-1794417859 |title=Tom and Jerry Should Not Meet Willy Wonka in a Feature Film. It Is an Abomination |work=[[Jezebel (website)|Jezebel]] |date=April 18, 2017 |access-date=March 1, 2020 |archive-date=November 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112122914/https://jezebel.com/tom-and-jerry-should-not-meet-willy-wonka-in-a-feature-1794417859 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gizmodo.com.au/2017/07/my-mad-descent-into-the-hellish-void-that-is-tom-and-jerry-willy-wonka-and-the-chocolate-factory/ |title=My Mad Descent Into the Hellish Void That Is ''Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory'' |author=Elderkin, Beth |publisher=[[Gizmodo]] |date=July 2, 2017 |access-date=August 2, 2017 |archive-date=November 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112232507/https://www.gizmodo.com.au/2017/07/my-mad-descent-into-the-hellish-void-that-is-tom-and-jerry-willy-wonka-and-the-chocolate-factory/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It also has a similar story to the movie [[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]] based on the book [[Charlie and the Chocolate Factory]] by [[Roald Dahl]]. == Plot == Tom and Jerry chase each other all over town as they search for food until Jerry disappears with a group of kids who go to Bill's Candy Shop. The store owner gives free candy to the kids, while Tom and Jerry continue their antics in the store. Charlie Bucket, a poor boy, stops Tom from eating Jerry and befriends them by offering them a piece of bread. As Charlie runs to his widowed mother and bedridden grandparents, Tom and Jerry steal a box of Wonka Bars from the store. Grandpa Joe reveals to Charlie that Willy Wonka locked down his famous chocolate factory because other candy manufacturers, including a rival named Arthur Slugworth, sent spies to steal his recipes. Wonka disappeared, but for three years he went back to selling sweets; the origin of Wonka's workforce is unknown. Tom and Jerry arrive at Charlie's house with the box of Wonka Bars, but Charlie convinces the two that the theft is wrong and they should return the box. The next day, Wonka announces that he has hidden five golden tickets in Wonka bars. The inventors of the tickets will receive a tour of the factory and a lifetime supply of chocolate. Four of the tickets accidentally land in the wrong hands of Augustus Gloop, a greedy young man; Veruca Salt, a spoiled girl; Violet Beauregarde, a young woman in [[chewing gum]]; and Mike Teavee, an angry boy obsessed with television. As each winner is announced on television, a man whispers to them. Charlie opens a Wonka Bar, but can't find the Golden Ticket and loses hope. The newspapers announce that the fifth ticket was found by a gentleman named Alberto Minoleta (played by Droopy). Tom and Jerry earn a dollar coin by recycling milk bottles, but lose it in the gutter after fighting over it. Charlie finds the coin and uses it to buy a Wonka Bar for Grandpa Joe. Television news reveals that Droopy was arrested for faking his ticket; when Charlie opens the Wonka Bar, he finds the fifth golden ticket. As he runs home, he is confronted by the same man seen whispering to the other winners, who introduces himself as Slugworth and offers to pay for a sample of Wonka's latest creation, the Everlasting Gobstopper. Charlie returns home with the Golden Tickets and chooses Grandpa Joe as his chaperone. The next day, Tom and Jerry rush to the factory with the Golden Ticket that Grandpa Joe forgot. When the children enter the factory, the film plays in the same order as the source material, with the occasional interjection of Tom and Jerry interacting with the factory. Since only Charlie and Grandpa Joe remain, Wonka fires them without the promised chocolate. An extremely little Oompa-Loompa intern named Tuffy warns Charlie that Slugworth and Spike have stolen an Everlasting Gobstopper and are leaving the factory. After a fight in Wonkavision's [[living room]], Charlie stops Slugworth. After that, Charlie and Grandpa Joe confront Wonka at the end of the tour. Wonka coldly explains that they violated the contract by stealing fizzy drinks and allowing Tom and Jerry to enter the factory and therefore they will receive nothing. Enraged by this, Grandpa Joe tries to protest, but Wonka angrily demands that all the humans must leave at once. Grandpa Joe then suggests to Charlie that he should give Slugworth the Gobstopper, but Charlie returns the candy to Wonka. Because of this, Wonka declares Charlie the winner. He reveals that Slugworth is actually Mr. Wilkinson, an employee of his, and the offer to buy the Gobstopper was a test of morality that only Charlie passed. The trio and Tuffy enter the "Wonkavator", a multi-directional glass elevator that leaves the factory. Tom and Jerry shrink Wilkinson and Spike to the problems they posed throughout the film and use Fizzy's yeast drinks to reach out to others. Flying over the city, Wonka reveals that his current prize is the factory; Wonka created the contest to find a worthy heir, while Charlie and his family can move in right away, including Tom and Jerry. ==Voice cast== * Spike Brandt as Tom Cat / Jerry Mouse (uncredited), Spike Bulldog (credited) * [[JP Karliak]] as [[Willy Wonka]] * [[Jess Harnell]] as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Grandpa Joe|Grandpa Joe]] (credited), Bill and Sam Beauregarde (uncredited) * Lincoln Melcher as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Charlie Bucket|Charlie Bucket]] * [[Mick Wingert]] as Mr. Slugworth / Mr. Wilkinson * [[Lori Alan]] as Mrs. Teavee * [[Jeff Bergman]] as Droopy Dog as Alberto Minoleta and American Reporter * Rachel Butera as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Augustus Gloop|Augustus Gloop]] and Winkelmann * [[Kate Higgins]] as Mrs. Bucket * Dallas Lovato as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Violet Beauregarde|Violet Beauregarde]] * Emily O'Brien as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Veruca Salt|Veruca Salt]] * [[Sean Schemmel]] as Henry Salt and Mr. Turkentine * [[Kath Soucie]] as Tuffy the Oompa Loompa Mouse * Jim Ward as Anchorman and German Reporter * [[Audrey Wasilewski]] as Mrs. Gloop * Lauren Weisman as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Mike Teavee|Mike Teavee]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category}} * {{IMDb title|6803390|Tom & Jerry: Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes|tom_and_jerry_willy_wonka_and_the_chocolate_factory|Tom & Jerry: Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory}} [[Category:2017 animated movies]] [[Category:2017 musical movies]] [[Category:2017 comedy movies]] [[Category:Warner Bros. direct-to-video movies]] [[Category:Direct-to-video movies]] [[Category:2010s American musical movies]] [[Category:American musical comedy movies]] [[Category:Movies set in factories]] [[Category:Tom and Jerry movies]] {{movie-stub}} [[Category:Movies about candy cruelty]] [[Category:Movies about dinosaur abuse]] 7cjg1byr2ealmt81cuqdrolzlzv4zpp 10367648 10367639 2025-07-02T13:04:07Z 2001:4451:12F:E600:AC42:9A72:D17C:206C 10367648 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} {{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}} {{about||the 1971 movie adaptation|Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory|the book|Charlie and the Chocolate Factory}} {{Infobox film | name = Tom and Jerry:<br />Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory | image = Child cast of Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory at the 2011 Wizard World Chicago.JPG | caption = | director = [[Spike Brandt]] | producer = {{plainlist| * Spike Brandt * [[Tony Cervone]] }} | writer = Gene Grillo | based_on = {{plainlist| * {{Based on|''[[Charlie and the Chocolate Factory]]''|[[Roald Dahl]]}} * {{Based on|''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]''|[[Mel Stuart]]}} * {{Based on|''[[Tom and Jerry]]''|[[William Hanna]] and [[Joseph Barbera]]}} }} | starring = {{plainlist| * Spike Brandt * [[JP Karliak]] * [[Jess Harnell]] * Lincoln Melcher * [[Mick Wingert]] * [[Lori Alan]] * [[Jeff Bergman]] * Rachel Butera * [[Kate Higgins]] * Dallas Lovato * Emily O'Brien * [[Sean Schemmel]] * [[Kath Soucie]] * Jim Ward * [[Audrey Wasilewski]] * Lauren Weisman }} | music = [[Michael Tavera]]<br>[[Walter Scharf]] (original themes)<br>Robby Merkin (musical director) | editing = {{plainlist| * Dave Courter * Philip Malamuth }} | studio = {{plainlist| * [[Turner Entertainment|Turner Entertainment Co.]] * [[Warner Bros. Animation]] * [[Digital eMation]] (animation services) }} | distributor = [[Warner Bros. Home Entertainment]] | released = {{Film date|2017|06|27|Digital|2017|07|11|DVD|ref2=<ref name="Collider">{{cite web |url= https://collider.com/tom-jerry-willy-wonka-movie-trailer/ |title= 'Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory' Trailer Confuses the Internet |work= [[Collider (website)|Collider]] |date= April 20, 2017 |access-date= March 1, 2020 |archive-date= August 28, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230828005759/https://collider.com/tom-jerry-willy-wonka-movie-trailer/ |url-status= live }}</ref>}} | runtime = 79 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/Tom-Jerry-Willy-Chocolate-Factory/dp/B071NBZFR3/ref=sr_1_1?s=movies-tv&ie=UTF8&qid=1493787809&sr=1-1&keywords=willy+wonka+and+the+chocolate+factory |title=Amazon.com link |website=Amazon |access-date=May 3, 2017 |archive-date=October 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008004616/https://www.amazon.com/Tom-Jerry-Willy-Chocolate-Factory/dp/B071NBZFR3/ref=sr_1_1?s=movies-tv&ie=UTF8&qid=1493787809&sr=1-1&keywords=willy+wonka+and+the+chocolate+factory |url-status=live }}</ref> | country = {{plainlist| * United States (production) * South Korea (overseas animation) }} | language = English }} '''''Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory''''' is a 2017 [[direct-to-video]] movie about [[Tom and Jerry]] going with [[Charlie Bucket]] to [[Willy Wonka]]’s Chocolate Factory.<ref name="Collider">{{cite web |url= https://collider.com/tom-jerry-willy-wonka-movie-trailer/ |title= 'Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory' Trailer Confuses the Internet |work= [[Collider (website)|Collider]] |date= April 20, 2017 |access-date= March 1, 2020 |archive-date= August 28, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230828005759/https://collider.com/tom-jerry-willy-wonka-movie-trailer/ |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/Tom-Jerry-Willy-Chocolate-Factory/dp/B071NBZFR3/ref=sr_1_1?s=movies-tv&ie=UTF8&qid=1493787809&sr=1-1&keywords=willy+wonka+and+the+chocolate+factory |title=Amazon.com link |website=Amazon |access-date=May 3, 2017 |archive-date=October 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008004616/https://www.amazon.com/Tom-Jerry-Willy-Chocolate-Factory/dp/B071NBZFR3/ref=sr_1_1?s=movies-tv&ie=UTF8&qid=1493787809&sr=1-1&keywords=willy+wonka+and+the+chocolate+factory |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Guardian">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/apr/21/tom-and-jerry-willy-wonka-and-the-chocolate-factory-ruin-movies |title=How to ruin other classic movies by inserting Tom and Jerry |author=Heritage, Stuart |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=April 21, 2017 |access-date=August 2, 2017 |archive-date=October 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002032306/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/apr/21/tom-and-jerry-willy-wonka-and-the-chocolate-factory-ruin-movies |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Polygon">{{cite web |url= https://www.polygon.com/2017/4/18/15340396/tom-jerry-charlie-chocolate-factory-please-stop |title= Tom & Jerry continue to decimate cinema with Charlie and the Chocolate Factory movie |work= [[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |date= April 18, 2017 |access-date= March 1, 2020 |archive-date= October 2, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231002033724/https://www.polygon.com/2017/4/18/15340396/tom-jerry-charlie-chocolate-factory-please-stop |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="Movieweb">{{cite web |url= https://movieweb.com/tom-jerry-willy-wonka-chocolate-factory-movie-trailer/ |title= Willy Wonka Gets a Tom and Jerry Remake and It Looks Awful |work= [[MovieWeb]] |date= April 19, 2017 |access-date= March 1, 2020 |archive-date= March 1, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200301225519/https://movieweb.com/tom-jerry-willy-wonka-chocolate-factory-movie-trailer/ |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="Cartoon Brew">{{cite web |url= https://www.cartoonbrew.com/direct-to-video/wb-will-stick-tom-jerry-anything-including-willy-wonka-chocolate-factory-150328.html |title= WB Will Stick Tom & Jerry Into Anything, Including 'Willy Wonka & The Chocolate Factory' |work= [[Cartoon Brew]] |date= April 19, 2017 |access-date= March 1, 2020 |archive-date= May 13, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190513022501/https://www.cartoonbrew.com/direct-to-video/wb-will-stick-tom-jerry-anything-including-willy-wonka-chocolate-factory-150328.html |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="Jezebel">{{cite web |url=https://jezebel.com/tom-and-jerry-should-not-meet-willy-wonka-in-a-feature-1794417859 |title=Tom and Jerry Should Not Meet Willy Wonka in a Feature Film. It Is an Abomination |work=[[Jezebel (website)|Jezebel]] |date=April 18, 2017 |access-date=March 1, 2020 |archive-date=November 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112122914/https://jezebel.com/tom-and-jerry-should-not-meet-willy-wonka-in-a-feature-1794417859 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gizmodo.com.au/2017/07/my-mad-descent-into-the-hellish-void-that-is-tom-and-jerry-willy-wonka-and-the-chocolate-factory/ |title=My Mad Descent Into the Hellish Void That Is ''Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory'' |author=Elderkin, Beth |publisher=[[Gizmodo]] |date=July 2, 2017 |access-date=August 2, 2017 |archive-date=November 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112232507/https://www.gizmodo.com.au/2017/07/my-mad-descent-into-the-hellish-void-that-is-tom-and-jerry-willy-wonka-and-the-chocolate-factory/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It also has a similar story to the movie [[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]] based on the book [[Charlie and the Chocolate Factory]] by [[Roald Dahl]]. == Plot == Tom and Jerry chase each other all over town as they search for food until Jerry disappears with a group of kids who go to Bill's Candy Shop. The store owner gives free candy to the kids, while Tom and Jerry continue their antics in the store. Charlie Bucket, a poor boy, stops Tom from eating Jerry and befriends them by offering them a piece of bread. As Charlie runs to his widowed mother and bedridden grandparents, Tom and Jerry steal a box of Wonka Bars from the store. Grandpa Joe reveals to Charlie that Willy Wonka locked down his famous chocolate factory because other candy manufacturers, including a rival named Arthur Slugworth, sent spies to steal his recipes. Wonka disappeared, but for three years he went back to selling sweets; the origin of Wonka's workforce is unknown. Tom and Jerry arrive at Charlie's house with the box of Wonka Bars, but Charlie convinces the two that the theft is wrong and they should return the box. The next day, Wonka announces that he has hidden five golden tickets in Wonka bars. The inventors of the tickets will receive a tour of the factory and a lifetime supply of chocolate. Four of the tickets accidentally land in the wrong hands of Augustus Gloop, a greedy young man; Veruca Salt, a spoiled girl; Violet Beauregarde, a young woman in [[chewing gum]]; and Mike Teavee, an angry boy obsessed with television. As each winner is announced on television, a man whispers to them. Charlie opens a Wonka Bar, but can't find the Golden Ticket and loses hope. The newspapers announce that the fifth ticket was found by a gentleman named Alberto Minoleta (played by Droopy). Tom and Jerry earn a dollar coin by recycling milk bottles, but lose it in the gutter after fighting over it. Charlie finds the coin and uses it to buy a Wonka Bar for Grandpa Joe. Television news reveals that Droopy was arrested for faking his ticket; when Charlie opens the Wonka Bar, he finds the fifth golden ticket. As he runs home, he is confronted by the same man seen whispering to the other winners, who introduces himself as Slugworth and offers to pay for a sample of Wonka's latest creation, the Everlasting Gobstopper. Charlie returns home with the Golden Tickets and chooses Grandpa Joe as his chaperone. The next day, Tom and Jerry rush to the factory with the Golden Ticket that Grandpa Joe forgot. When the children enter the factory, the film plays in the same order as the source material, with the occasional interjection of Tom and Jerry interacting with the factory. Since only Charlie and Grandpa Joe remain, Wonka fires them without the promised chocolate. An extremely little Oompa-Loompa intern named Tuffy warns Charlie that Slugworth and Spike have stolen an Everlasting Gobstopper and are leaving the factory. After a fight in Wonkavision's [[living room]], Charlie stops Slugworth. After that, Charlie and Grandpa Joe confront Wonka at the end of the tour. Wonka coldly explains that they violated the contract by stealing fizzy drinks and allowing Tom and Jerry to enter the factory and therefore they will receive nothing. Enraged by this, Grandpa Joe tries to protest, but Wonka angrily demands that all the humans must leave at once. Grandpa Joe then suggests to Charlie that he should give Slugworth the Gobstopper, but Charlie returns the candy to Wonka. Because of this, Wonka declares Charlie the winner. He reveals that Slugworth is actually Mr. Wilkinson, an employee of his, and the offer to buy the Gobstopper was a test of morality that only Charlie passed. The trio and Tuffy enter the "Wonkavator", a multi-directional glass elevator that leaves the factory. Tom and Jerry shrink Wilkinson and Spike to the problems they posed throughout the film and use Fizzy's yeast drinks to reach out to others. Flying over the city, Wonka reveals that his current prize is the factory; Wonka created the contest to find a worthy heir, while Charlie and his family can move in right away, including Tom and Jerry. ==Voice cast== * Spike Brandt as Tom Cat / Jerry Mouse (uncredited), Spike Bulldog (credited) * [[JP Karliak]] as [[Willy Wonka]] * [[Jess Harnell]] as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Grandpa Joe|Grandpa Joe]] (credited), Bill and Sam Beauregarde (uncredited) * Lincoln Melcher as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Charlie Bucket|Charlie Bucket]] * [[Mick Wingert]] as Mr. Slugworth / Mr. Wilkinson * [[Lori Alan]] as Mrs. Teavee * [[Jeff Bergman]] as Droopy Dog as Alberto Minoleta and American Reporter * Rachel Butera as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Augustus Gloop|Augustus Gloop]] and Winkelmann * [[Kate Higgins]] as Mrs. Bucket * Dallas Lovato as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Violet Beauregarde|Violet Beauregarde]] * Emily O'Brien as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Veruca Salt|Veruca Salt]] * [[Sean Schemmel]] as Henry Salt and Mr. Turkentine * [[Kath Soucie]] as Tuffy the Oompa Loompa Mouse * Jim Ward as Anchorman and German Reporter * [[Audrey Wasilewski]] as Mrs. Gloop * Lauren Weisman as [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Mike Teavee|Mike Teavee]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category}} * {{IMDb title|6803390|Tom & Jerry: Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes|tom_and_jerry_willy_wonka_and_the_chocolate_factory|Tom & Jerry: Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory}} [[Category:2017 animated movies]] [[Category:2017 musical movies]] [[Category:2017 comedy movies]] [[Category:Warner Bros. direct-to-video movies]] [[Category:Direct-to-video movies]] [[Category:2010s American musical movies]] [[Category:American musical comedy movies]] [[Category:Movies set in factories]] [[Category:Tom and Jerry movies]] {{movie-stub}} [[Category:Movies about candy cruelty]] [[Category:Movies about dinosaur abuse]] lhme2541sd4xixa12q8r0s89a5ylilk 0 1083286 10368908 10324015 2025-07-03T03:58:26Z Auntof6 22027 Reverted to revision 10210225 by Ieditrandomarticles: backlevel to before copy/paste. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{no sources|date=April 2025}} {{cleanup|reason=|date=February 2024}} The '''ultimate showdown of ultimate destiny''', or just the ultimate showdown, is a flash animation and song by [[Lemon Demon]], and [[altffour]] in December 22nd, 2005. The fight is started by [[Godzilla]] 'hopping' around [[Tokyo]], Japan, and [[Batman]] 'burst from the shade' and proceeded to hit Godzilla with a bat grenade, then Shaq blocks him and 'opens up a can of Shaq-Fu'. Then a lot of people (eg. [[Jackie Chan]], [[Abraham Lincoln]], etc.) start fighting. [[Chuck Norris]] eventually flies down from Heaven, and delivering a kick, that could 'shatter bones', into the crotch of [[Indiana Jones]], and kills Batman, who is now [[Bruce Wayne]]. Soon on, 19 characters kill Chuck. Around 50 people or things are depicted. The fight is said to have gone on for a century, and the 'bloodiest battle' the world ever saw, and the winner is [[Mister Rogers]], in a blood stained sweater. [[Category:2005 songs]] [[Category:Comedy]] nmleo5a0rqbxhiz7lh96pcdjuiflyo4 0 1083337 10367596 10340410 2025-07-02T12:16:09Z 180.150.36.182 10367596 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album | name = Voices | type = [[Album]] | artist = [[Matchbook Romance]] | cover = | released = {{Start date|2006|02|14}} | recorded = April – June, October 2005 | studio = Long View Farm <br> <small>(North Brookfield, MA)</small> | genre = [[Emo]], [[post-hardcore]], [[hard rock]] | length = 61:45 | label = [[Epitaph Records|Epitaph]] | producer = John Goodmanson | prev_title = [[Stories and Alibis]] | prev_year = 2003 | next_title = | next_year = }} '''''Voices''''' is the second and final studio album by [[Matchbook Romance]]. The album was released on February 14, 2006. ==Track listing== # "You Can Run, But We'll Find You" – 4:07 # "Surrender" – 4:48 # "My Mannequin Can Dance" – 3:56 # "Goody, Like Two Shoes" – 7:10 # "Monsters" – 4:04 # "Say it Like You Mean It" – 4:22 # "Portrait" – 4:26 # "Singing Bridges (We All Fall)" – 5:12 # "Fiction" – 3:26 # "What a Sight" – 4:28 # "I Wish You Were Here" – 15:46 ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:2006 albums]] [[Category:Matchbook Romance albums]] [[Category:Hard rock albums]] {{music-stub}} 8xw0vgfwc7v1d3h835spbwbkil1f5sw 0 1084115 10368394 10147694 2025-07-02T22:36:24Z Ferien 1011873 redirect to slightly more detailed version 10368394 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Vikkstar123]] italsu08qdq8zoncazmloic72z1gh5i 0 1086318 10367904 10357834 2025-07-02T16:43:31Z 1timeuse75 1549690 10367904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Toby Fox | image = Annoying dog face.svg | caption = The "Annoying Dog" from [[Undertale]], which Toby Fox uses as a [[self-insertion]] | other_names = {{hlist|Radiation|FwugRadiation}} | birth_name = Robert F. Fox | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1991|10|11}} | birth_place = [[Manchester, New Hampshire]], [[U.S.]] | occupation = {{hlist|Video game developer|composer}} | years active = 2008–present | education = [[Environmental science]] | alma_mater = [[Northeastern University]] | known_for = Creating the video games ''[[Undertale]]'' and ''[[Deltarune]]'' | website = {{URL|https://web.archive.org/web/20151119075030/http://tobyfox.net/|tobyfox.net}} (archived) | signature = Toby Fox signature.png }} '''Robert F.''' "'''Toby'''" '''Fox''' (born October 11, 1991) is an American [[video game developer]] and [[composer]]. He made the award nominee game [[Undertale]]. He also made [[Deltarune]]. When Fox started, he made music for [[Homestuck]]. After making ''Undertale'', he also made music for [[Super Smash Bros. Ultimate]] and [[Pokémon]]. He has [[Collaboration|collaborated]] with, or worked with, many people, like the [[VTuber]] Houshou Marine. He has also collaborated with Camellia, who makes music too. ==Career== Toby Fox made the "EarthBound Halloween Hack",<ref name="hh">{{Cite web|title=EarthBound Halloween Hack! « EarthBound Central|url=https://earthboundcentral.com/2009/10/earthbound-halloween-hack/|access-date=2021-12-14|website=earthboundcentral.com|archive-date=December 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214011040/https://earthboundcentral.com/2009/10/earthbound-halloween-hack/|url-status=live}}</ref> a Halloween-[[Wikt:themed|themed]] [[ROM hacking|ROM hack]] of ''[[EarthBound]].'' It is the earliest thing people know him for. He then made music for the ''[[Homestuck]]'' during his senior year of [[high school]]. Fox has also made music for the 2017 video game ''[[Hiveswap]]'',<ref name="Sword&Shield Polygon" /> a short [[Narrative|story]] game called ''[[Escaped Chasm]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2019/04/02/escaped-chasm-is-a-free-short-from-undertales-temie-chang/ |work=Rock Paper Shotgun |title=Escaped Chasm is a short, sad, free story by Undertale's artist |last=Tarason |first=Dominic |date=2019-04-02 |access-date=2019-05-02 |df=mdy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405232954/https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2019/04/02/escaped-chasm-is-a-free-short-from-undertales-temie-chang/ |archive-date=April 5, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[Role-playing game|RPG]] ''[[Little Town Hero]]'', which was [[Arrangement (music)|arranged]] by Hitomi Sato.<ref name="Sword&Shield Polygon" /> He also made a song for [[Pokémon Sword and Shield|''Pokémon Sword'' and ''Shield'']],<ref name="Sword&Shield Polygon">{{cite web |last=Goslin |first=Austen |url=https://www.polygon.com/2019/11/1/20943435 |title=Undertale developer is composing a song for Pokémon Sword and Shield |work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |date=November 1, 2019 |access-date=October 10, 2020 |language=en |archive-date=March 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328084339/https://www.polygon.com/2019/11/1/20943435/undertale-developer-music-toby-fox-pokemon-sword-and-shield |url-status=live}}</ref> a song for Itoki Hana's ''PRAY'' album,<ref name="PRAY">{{cite tweet |last=Fox |first=Toby |user=tobyfox |number=1026500164217962498 |date=August 6, 2018 |title=I composed a vocal song for my friend @1t0lc1 (Itoki Hana's) new album, PRAY.}}</ref> and many songs for [[Pokémon Scarlet and Violet|''Pokémon Scarlet'' and ''Violet'']].<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1532038920183205888|user=tobyfox|title=I had the honor of composing the field music for Pokémon Scarlet and Violet! After creating a concept sketch, Game Freak arranged it into many versions that you'll hear throughout the game. You can hear a bit of it in this trailer...|date=June 1, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|number=1532039019634229248|user=tobyfox|title=A few more Toby Fox tracks will appear in the game, too, so please look forward to those! This time, my music is not optional!!!|date=June 1, 2022}}</ref> === ''Undertale'' === {{main|Undertale}} The most known work by Fox is the [[role-playing video game]] ''[[Undertale]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hayward|first=Mark|date=2020-12-06|title=City Matters: Secretive NH game designer created Undertale video game|url=https://www.unionleader.com/voices/city_matters/city-matters-secretive-nh-game-designer-created-undertale-video-game/article_ef527592-4b1a-5402-8393-944173180028.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240310231254/https://www.unionleader.com/voices/city_matters/city-matters-secretive-nh-game-designer-created-undertale-video-game/article_ef527592-4b1a-5402-8393-944173180028.html|archive-date=10 March 2024|access-date=2024-03-10|website=UnionLeader.com|language=en}}</ref> The game sold more than 1 million copies. Fox made the game by himself, except for the art, which he asked Temmie Chang to help with.<ref name="Game Informer">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.gameinformer.com/b/podcasts/archive/2015/10/15/gi-show-_1320_-yoshis-woolly-world_2c00_-star-wars_3a00_-battlefront_2c00_-undertale-toby-fox.aspx |title=GI Show – Yoshi's Woolly World, Star Wars: Battlefront, Undertale's Toby Fox |last=Turi |first=Tim |magazine=[[Game Informer]] |publisher=[[GameStop]] |date=October 15, 2015 |access-date=January 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130192250/http://www.gameinformer.com/b/podcasts/archive/2015/10/15/gi-show-_1320_-yoshis-woolly-world_2c00_-star-wars_3a00_-battlefront_2c00_-undertale-toby-fox.aspx |archive-date=January 30, 2016 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref> He had some experience in game making before ''Undertale'' because he used [[RPG Maker 2000]] with his three brothers to make games and other versions of games.<ref name="seagaia">{{cite interview |url=https://meloshantani.wordpress.com/2013/05/25/toby-foxs-undertale-dev-2-dev-interview-1/ |title=Toby Fox's Undertale – DEV 2 DEV INTERVIEW #1 |last=Han-Tani |first=Melos |website=ambient-melodic |date=May 25, 2013 |access-date=January 20, 2016 |archive-date=August 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808085010/https://meloshantani.wordpress.com/2013/05/25/toby-foxs-undertale-dev-2-dev-interview-1/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.pcgamer.com/the-making-of-undertale/ |title=The making of Undertale |date=May 5, 2018 |access-date=October 12, 2020 |magazine=[[PC Gamer]] |last=Schilling |first=Chris |archive-date=March 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090348/https://www.pcgamer.com/the-making-of-undertale/ |url-status=live}}</ref> He thought of the characters and ideas for ''Undertale'' while in college, and he drew them in his notebook.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://kotaku.com/undertale-creator-shares-notebook-full-of-early-concept-1790978697 |title=Undertale Creator Shares Notebook Full Of Early Concepts And Art |last=Alexandra |first=Heather |work=Kotaku |access-date=2017-08-02 |language=en-US |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803085421/http://kotaku.com/undertale-creator-shares-notebook-full-of-early-concept-1790978697 |archive-date=August 3, 2017 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> After its release, ''Undertale'' had a big fanbase.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|last2=|first2=|date=2016-09-15|title=8/10: Undertale Dev Reflects On Unexpected Popularity|language=en|work=Rock, Paper, Shotgun|url=https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/undertale-launched-a-year-ago-today|url-status=live|access-date=2024-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301085224/https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/undertale-launched-a-year-ago-today|archive-date=1 March 2024}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite news |url=http://steamed.kotaku.com/undertale-creator-its-ok-if-people-dislike-the-game-1751013241 |title=Undertale Creator: It's OK If People Dislike The Game |last=Grayson |first=Nathan |work=Steamed |access-date=2017-08-02 |language=en-US |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803085710/http://steamed.kotaku.com/undertale-creator-its-ok-if-people-dislike-the-game-1751013241 |archive-date=August 3, 2017 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Fox said that he did not care if people said that they did not like the game, saying that it was "not for everyone".<ref name=":0" /> === ''Deltarune'' === {{main|Deltarune}} On October 30, 2018, Fox said that ''Undertale'' fans should check the game's [[Twitter]] account in a day. The next day, Fox shared the first chapter of another story with ''Undertale'' characters, named ''Deltarune'', (which is "Undertale" with [[Anagram|the letters mixed up]]) for free, saying it was a "survey"''.''<ref name="dr">{{cite news |url=https://www.polygon.com/2018/10/31/18044640/deltarune-free-download-undertale-game |title=Undertale creator's new game is Deltarune, a mysterious surprise |work=Polygon |access-date=2018-11-01 |archive-date=November 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101015346/https://www.polygon.com/2018/10/31/18044640/deltarune-free-download-undertale-game |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2018/11/01/deltarune-chapter-1-undertale-sequel/ |title=Deltarune Chapter 1 is the free and surprising start of a new Undertale saga |work=Rock Paper Shotgun |access-date=2018-11-01 |language=en-US |archive-date=May 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502154830/https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2018/11/01/deltarune-chapter-1-undertale-sequel/ |url-status=live}}</ref> == Personal life == Robert F. Fox<ref name="Union Leader">{{cite web |url=https://www.unionleader.com/voices/city_matters/city-matters-secretive-nh-game-designer-created-undertale-video-game/article_ef527592-4b1a-5402-8393-944173180028.html |title=City Matters: Secretive NH game designer created Undertale video game |date=December 6, 2020 |access-date=June 22, 2021 |archive-date=June 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622105128/https://www.unionleader.com/voices/city_matters/city-matters-secretive-nh-game-designer-created-undertale-video-game/article_ef527592-4b1a-5402-8393-944173180028.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=WebVoyage Titles |url=https://cocatalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?v1=2&ti=1,2&Search%5FArg=undertale&Search%5FCode=TALL&CNT=25&PID=2GBPDlE9V8lZU7vODNZ89kFfz&SEQ=20220108095355&SID=1 |access-date=2022-01-08 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108145429/https://cocatalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?v1=2&ti=1%2C2&Search_Arg=undertale&Search_Code=TALL&CNT=25&PID=2GBPDlE9V8lZU7vODNZ89kFfz&SEQ=20220108095355&SID=1 | archive-date=2022-01-08 |website=cocatalog.loc.gov}}</ref> was born on October 11, 1991,<ref>{{cite tweet |last=Fox |first=Toby |user=tobyfox |number=918137771595829250 |date=October 11, 2017 |title=It's my 26th birthday. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831161836/https://twitter.com/tobyfox/status/918137771595829250 |archive-date=2018-08-31 |url-status=live}}</ref> in [[Manchester, New Hampshire]].<ref name="Union Leader" /> He is the son of Robert Fox and Barbara Fox.<ref name="Union Leader" /> Fox, as a child took music lessons for the [[piano]] and [[trumpet]]; when he got to middle school, he began to start playing piano again, performing gaming music by ear.<ref name="debug">{{Cite magazine|last=Oakwood|first=James|date=2025-06-06|title=Fantastic Mr. Fox|magazine=Debug|issue=10|pages=7-11}}</ref> He later learned about [[environmental science]] at [[Northeastern University]].<ref name="Union Leader" /> Fox likes to keep things secret<ref name="Union Leader" /> and does not do interviews most of the time.<ref name="Union Leader" /><ref name="Existential Gamer">{{cite web |url=http://existentialgamer.com/interview-toby-fox-of-undertale |title=INTERVIEW: TOBY FOX OF UNDERTALE |last=Feeld |first=Julian |website=Existential Gamer |publisher=Feeld |date=October 9, 2015 |access-date=January 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6efvLPONz?url=http://existentialgamer.com/interview-toby-fox-of-undertale |archive-date=January 20, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> He has [[Chronic pain|pain]] in his wrist that can slow him from making code and making music. ==References== {{reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Fox, Toby}}<references /> [[Category:1991 births]] [[Category:American composers]] [[Category:American video game designers]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:People from Manchester, New Hampshire]] [[Category:Video game composers]] [[Category:Writers from New Hampshire]] ferms1mlpuydfd3zqrj2xcrfu2kbxp0 10369442 10367904 2025-07-03T11:31:10Z 1timeuse75 1549690 10369442 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Toby Fox | image = Annoying dog face.svg | caption = The "Annoying Dog" from [[Undertale]], which Toby Fox uses as a [[self-insertion]] | other_names = {{hlist|Radiation|FwugRadiation}} | birth_name = Robert F. Fox | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1991|10|11}} | birth_place = [[Manchester, New Hampshire]], [[U.S.]] | occupation = {{hlist|Video game developer|composer}} | years active = 2008–present | education = [[Environmental science]] | alma_mater = [[Northeastern University]] | known_for = Creating the video games ''[[Undertale]]'' and ''[[Deltarune]]'' | website = {{URL|https://web.archive.org/web/20151119075030/http://tobyfox.net/|tobyfox.net}} (archived) | signature = Toby Fox signature.svg }} '''Robert F.''' "'''Toby'''" '''Fox''' (born October 11, 1991) is an American [[video game developer]] and [[composer]]. He made the award nominee game [[Undertale]]. He also made [[Deltarune]]. When Fox started, he made music for [[Homestuck]]. After making ''Undertale'', he also made music for [[Super Smash Bros. Ultimate]] and [[Pokémon]]. He has [[Collaboration|collaborated]] with, or worked with, many people, like the [[VTuber]] Houshou Marine. He has also collaborated with Camellia, who makes music too. ==Career== Toby Fox made the "EarthBound Halloween Hack",<ref name="hh">{{Cite web|title=EarthBound Halloween Hack! « EarthBound Central|url=https://earthboundcentral.com/2009/10/earthbound-halloween-hack/|access-date=2021-12-14|website=earthboundcentral.com|archive-date=December 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214011040/https://earthboundcentral.com/2009/10/earthbound-halloween-hack/|url-status=live}}</ref> a Halloween-[[Wikt:themed|themed]] [[ROM hacking|ROM hack]] of ''[[EarthBound]].'' It is the earliest thing people know him for. He then made music for the ''[[Homestuck]]'' during his senior year of [[high school]]. Fox has also made music for the 2017 video game ''[[Hiveswap]]'',<ref name="Sword&Shield Polygon" /> a short [[Narrative|story]] game called ''[[Escaped Chasm]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2019/04/02/escaped-chasm-is-a-free-short-from-undertales-temie-chang/ |work=Rock Paper Shotgun |title=Escaped Chasm is a short, sad, free story by Undertale's artist |last=Tarason |first=Dominic |date=2019-04-02 |access-date=2019-05-02 |df=mdy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405232954/https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2019/04/02/escaped-chasm-is-a-free-short-from-undertales-temie-chang/ |archive-date=April 5, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[Role-playing game|RPG]] ''[[Little Town Hero]]'', which was [[Arrangement (music)|arranged]] by Hitomi Sato.<ref name="Sword&Shield Polygon" /> He also made a song for [[Pokémon Sword and Shield|''Pokémon Sword'' and ''Shield'']],<ref name="Sword&Shield Polygon">{{cite web |last=Goslin |first=Austen |url=https://www.polygon.com/2019/11/1/20943435 |title=Undertale developer is composing a song for Pokémon Sword and Shield |work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |date=November 1, 2019 |access-date=October 10, 2020 |language=en |archive-date=March 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328084339/https://www.polygon.com/2019/11/1/20943435/undertale-developer-music-toby-fox-pokemon-sword-and-shield |url-status=live}}</ref> a song for Itoki Hana's ''PRAY'' album,<ref name="PRAY">{{cite tweet |last=Fox |first=Toby |user=tobyfox |number=1026500164217962498 |date=August 6, 2018 |title=I composed a vocal song for my friend @1t0lc1 (Itoki Hana's) new album, PRAY.}}</ref> and many songs for [[Pokémon Scarlet and Violet|''Pokémon Scarlet'' and ''Violet'']].<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1532038920183205888|user=tobyfox|title=I had the honor of composing the field music for Pokémon Scarlet and Violet! After creating a concept sketch, Game Freak arranged it into many versions that you'll hear throughout the game. You can hear a bit of it in this trailer...|date=June 1, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|number=1532039019634229248|user=tobyfox|title=A few more Toby Fox tracks will appear in the game, too, so please look forward to those! This time, my music is not optional!!!|date=June 1, 2022}}</ref> === ''Undertale'' === {{main|Undertale}} The most known work by Fox is the [[role-playing video game]] ''[[Undertale]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hayward|first=Mark|date=2020-12-06|title=City Matters: Secretive NH game designer created Undertale video game|url=https://www.unionleader.com/voices/city_matters/city-matters-secretive-nh-game-designer-created-undertale-video-game/article_ef527592-4b1a-5402-8393-944173180028.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240310231254/https://www.unionleader.com/voices/city_matters/city-matters-secretive-nh-game-designer-created-undertale-video-game/article_ef527592-4b1a-5402-8393-944173180028.html|archive-date=10 March 2024|access-date=2024-03-10|website=UnionLeader.com|language=en}}</ref> The game sold more than 1 million copies. Fox made the game by himself, except for the art, which he asked Temmie Chang to help with.<ref name="Game Informer">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.gameinformer.com/b/podcasts/archive/2015/10/15/gi-show-_1320_-yoshis-woolly-world_2c00_-star-wars_3a00_-battlefront_2c00_-undertale-toby-fox.aspx |title=GI Show – Yoshi's Woolly World, Star Wars: Battlefront, Undertale's Toby Fox |last=Turi |first=Tim |magazine=[[Game Informer]] |publisher=[[GameStop]] |date=October 15, 2015 |access-date=January 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130192250/http://www.gameinformer.com/b/podcasts/archive/2015/10/15/gi-show-_1320_-yoshis-woolly-world_2c00_-star-wars_3a00_-battlefront_2c00_-undertale-toby-fox.aspx |archive-date=January 30, 2016 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref> He had some experience in game making before ''Undertale'' because he used [[RPG Maker 2000]] with his three brothers to make games and other versions of games.<ref name="seagaia">{{cite interview |url=https://meloshantani.wordpress.com/2013/05/25/toby-foxs-undertale-dev-2-dev-interview-1/ |title=Toby Fox's Undertale – DEV 2 DEV INTERVIEW #1 |last=Han-Tani |first=Melos |website=ambient-melodic |date=May 25, 2013 |access-date=January 20, 2016 |archive-date=August 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808085010/https://meloshantani.wordpress.com/2013/05/25/toby-foxs-undertale-dev-2-dev-interview-1/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.pcgamer.com/the-making-of-undertale/ |title=The making of Undertale |date=May 5, 2018 |access-date=October 12, 2020 |magazine=[[PC Gamer]] |last=Schilling |first=Chris |archive-date=March 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090348/https://www.pcgamer.com/the-making-of-undertale/ |url-status=live}}</ref> He thought of the characters and ideas for ''Undertale'' while in college, and he drew them in his notebook.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://kotaku.com/undertale-creator-shares-notebook-full-of-early-concept-1790978697 |title=Undertale Creator Shares Notebook Full Of Early Concepts And Art |last=Alexandra |first=Heather |work=Kotaku |access-date=2017-08-02 |language=en-US |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803085421/http://kotaku.com/undertale-creator-shares-notebook-full-of-early-concept-1790978697 |archive-date=August 3, 2017 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> After its release, ''Undertale'' had a big fanbase.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|last2=|first2=|date=2016-09-15|title=8/10: Undertale Dev Reflects On Unexpected Popularity|language=en|work=Rock, Paper, Shotgun|url=https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/undertale-launched-a-year-ago-today|url-status=live|access-date=2024-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301085224/https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/undertale-launched-a-year-ago-today|archive-date=1 March 2024}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite news |url=http://steamed.kotaku.com/undertale-creator-its-ok-if-people-dislike-the-game-1751013241 |title=Undertale Creator: It's OK If People Dislike The Game |last=Grayson |first=Nathan |work=Steamed |access-date=2017-08-02 |language=en-US |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803085710/http://steamed.kotaku.com/undertale-creator-its-ok-if-people-dislike-the-game-1751013241 |archive-date=August 3, 2017 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Fox said that he did not care if people said that they did not like the game, saying that it was "not for everyone".<ref name=":0" /> === ''Deltarune'' === {{main|Deltarune}} On October 30, 2018, Fox said that ''Undertale'' fans should check the game's [[Twitter]] account in a day. The next day, Fox shared the first chapter of another story with ''Undertale'' characters, named ''Deltarune'', (which is "Undertale" with [[Anagram|the letters mixed up]]) for free, saying it was a "survey"''.''<ref name="dr">{{cite news |url=https://www.polygon.com/2018/10/31/18044640/deltarune-free-download-undertale-game |title=Undertale creator's new game is Deltarune, a mysterious surprise |work=Polygon |access-date=2018-11-01 |archive-date=November 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101015346/https://www.polygon.com/2018/10/31/18044640/deltarune-free-download-undertale-game |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2018/11/01/deltarune-chapter-1-undertale-sequel/ |title=Deltarune Chapter 1 is the free and surprising start of a new Undertale saga |work=Rock Paper Shotgun |access-date=2018-11-01 |language=en-US |archive-date=May 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502154830/https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2018/11/01/deltarune-chapter-1-undertale-sequel/ |url-status=live}}</ref> == Personal life == Robert F. Fox<ref name="Union Leader">{{cite web |url=https://www.unionleader.com/voices/city_matters/city-matters-secretive-nh-game-designer-created-undertale-video-game/article_ef527592-4b1a-5402-8393-944173180028.html |title=City Matters: Secretive NH game designer created Undertale video game |date=December 6, 2020 |access-date=June 22, 2021 |archive-date=June 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622105128/https://www.unionleader.com/voices/city_matters/city-matters-secretive-nh-game-designer-created-undertale-video-game/article_ef527592-4b1a-5402-8393-944173180028.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=WebVoyage Titles |url=https://cocatalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?v1=2&ti=1,2&Search%5FArg=undertale&Search%5FCode=TALL&CNT=25&PID=2GBPDlE9V8lZU7vODNZ89kFfz&SEQ=20220108095355&SID=1 |access-date=2022-01-08 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108145429/https://cocatalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?v1=2&ti=1%2C2&Search_Arg=undertale&Search_Code=TALL&CNT=25&PID=2GBPDlE9V8lZU7vODNZ89kFfz&SEQ=20220108095355&SID=1 | archive-date=2022-01-08 |website=cocatalog.loc.gov}}</ref> was born on October 11, 1991,<ref>{{cite tweet |last=Fox |first=Toby |user=tobyfox |number=918137771595829250 |date=October 11, 2017 |title=It's my 26th birthday. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831161836/https://twitter.com/tobyfox/status/918137771595829250 |archive-date=2018-08-31 |url-status=live}}</ref> in [[Manchester, New Hampshire]].<ref name="Union Leader" /> He is the son of Robert Fox and Barbara Fox.<ref name="Union Leader" /> Fox, as a child took music lessons for the [[piano]] and [[trumpet]]; when he got to middle school, he began to start playing piano again, performing gaming music by ear.<ref name="debug">{{Cite magazine|last=Oakwood|first=James|date=2025-06-06|title=Fantastic Mr. Fox|magazine=Debug|issue=10|pages=7-11}}</ref> He later learned about [[environmental science]] at [[Northeastern University]].<ref name="Union Leader" /> Fox likes to keep things secret<ref name="Union Leader" /> and does not do interviews most of the time.<ref name="Union Leader" /><ref name="Existential Gamer">{{cite web |url=http://existentialgamer.com/interview-toby-fox-of-undertale |title=INTERVIEW: TOBY FOX OF UNDERTALE |last=Feeld |first=Julian |website=Existential Gamer |publisher=Feeld |date=October 9, 2015 |access-date=January 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6efvLPONz?url=http://existentialgamer.com/interview-toby-fox-of-undertale |archive-date=January 20, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> He has [[Chronic pain|pain]] in his wrist that can slow him from making code and making music. ==References== {{reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Fox, Toby}}<references /> [[Category:1991 births]] [[Category:American composers]] [[Category:American video game designers]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:People from Manchester, New Hampshire]] [[Category:Video game composers]] [[Category:Writers from New Hampshire]] lvlocbcu1t3b4wauqqu9qp0jtmouphl 0 1086850 10369369 9645073 2025-07-03T10:41:50Z Wukuendo 1292020 Added category 10369369 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Memory safety''' and '''memory-safe''' are words used in [[computer science ]] that are about the [[State#Computing|state]] of being [[protection|protected]] from [[software bug|software bugs]] and [[security]] [[problem]]s with the [[software]] that is used. Greater care is taken to detect and check for problems with the running [[program]] and the [[computer|computer's]] [[RAM|memory]]. The opposite of memory-safe is memory-unsafe. ==Related pages== *[[Safety]] *[[computer memory|Memory]] *[[Computer security]] *[[Information security]] [[Category:Computer terminology]] [[Category:Computer science]] rl79q9lekma3j04xtej4j6h7b6qhkj0 0 1089549 10368627 9893142 2025-07-03T01:13:51Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* FL1200 */ Typo: duplication 10368627 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Finnmarksløpet.jpg|thumb|Finnmarksløpet in 2011]] [[Image:10seppalasleddogs.jpg|thumb|200px|A team of [[sled dog]]s (with a person), in another country]] '''Finnmarksløpet 2024''' are three [[Dog sled racing|dog sled races]] in [[Finnmark|Norway's northernmost county]]. They started in [[Alta (municipality)|Alta, Finnmark]] in March 2024. All the races have winners. ==''FL1200''== ''FL1200'' is Europe's longest [[Sled dog racing|sled dog race]]; It started on March 8, 2024. Teams started with 14 [[sled dog]]s. Checkpoints and other places in the race, *The 12. checkpoint was [[Jotka]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11979404 map]). The first team (Petter Karlsson's) started on the last leg of the race at 6 PM, March 15; The team went on with only 8 (of the team's 14) dogs; The team went on the [[Alta River]] and passed [[Sorrisniva]] (settlement) in Alta municipality (at 9 PM).<ref name=ScrollFri15/><ref name=SNL>https://snl.no/Finnmarksl%C3%B8pet. [[SNL.no]]. Retrieved 2024-03-09</ref> The team won the race.<ref>https://www.nrk.no/finnmarkslopet/se-direkte_-petter-karlsson-forst-over-malstreken-i-finnmarkslopet-1.16805720. Retrieved 2024-03-16</ref> *The 11. checkpoint was in [[Karasjok (village)]]. The first team (Petter Karlsson's) left at 7 AM, March 15; The team went on with only 9 (of the team's 14) dogs.<ref name=ScrollFri15>https://www.nrk.no/finnmarkslopet/. NRK.no. Retrieved 2024-03-15</ref> *The tenth checkpoint was ''Levajok 2'' ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Levajok map]) on the western shore of [[Tana River (Europe)]]. The first team (Petter Karlsson's) left at 7 PM, March 14.<ref name=ScrollThu>https://www.nrk.no/finnmarkslopet/. NRK.no. Retrieved 2024-03-14</ref> *The ninth checkpoint was [[Varangerbotn]] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4129770 map]) in [[Nesseby]] municipality. The first team (Petter Karlsson's) left at 11 PM, March 13.<ref name=ScrollThu/> The team went on with only 10 (of the team's 14) dogs.<ref name=VelgEtLøpChoseAraceThu>[https://portal.finnmarkslopet.no/results ('chose a race') ''Velg et løp'' >]. Retrieved 2024-03-14</ref> *The eighth checkpoint'' was [[Neiden 2]]''<ref name=SNL/> ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Neiden map]) in [[Sør-Varanger]] municipality. The first team (Petter Karlsson's) left at noon, March 13; The team went on with only 11 (of the team's 14) dogs.<ref name=ScrollWed>https://www.nrk.no/finnmarkslopet/. NRK.no. Retrieved 2024-03-13</ref> *The seventh checkpoint was [[Kirkenes]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kirkenes map]) in Sør-Varanger municipality. The first team (Petter Karlsson's) left at 1 AM, March 13; The team went on with only 12 (of the team's 14) dogs.<ref name=ScrollWed/> *The sixth checkpoint was "Øvre Pasvik" ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30328829 map]) at the village [[Vaggatem]]<ref>http://admin.finnmarkslopet.no/page.jsp?ref=checkpoints&lang=no. Retrieved 2024-03-12</ref> in [[Sør-Varanger]] municipality. At 1 PM, March 12, the first team left.<ref name=ScrollTue/> *The fifth checkpoint is Neiden ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Neiden map]) in Sør-Varanger municipality. The first team (Petter Karlsson's) left at 4 AM, March 12. The rules of the race, say that each team must also take one 20-hour break [at either ''checkpoint 2'' (Jergul) or (at any other checkpoint) as late as ''checkpoint 9'' ([[Varangerbotn]])]; Karlsson's team has already finished their 20-hour break; The team went on with only 13 (of the team's 14) dogs.<ref name=ScrollTue>https://www.nrk.no/finnmarkslopet/. NRK.no. Retrieved 2024-03-12</ref> *The fourth checkpoint is at [[Tana bru]]([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tana_bru map]), [[Tana, Norway|Tana]]; The first to move on from that checkpoint was Tom-Frode Johansen; He drove thru,<ref name=ScrollSun/> at 8 PM, March 10. *The third checkpoint was at [[Levajok]] ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Levajok map]). The first to move on (from that checkpoint) was Tom-Frode Johansen (at 8 AM, March 10).<ref name=ScrollSun>https://www.nrk.no/finnmarkslopet/. NRK.no. Retrieved 2024-03-10</ref> *[[Karasjok (village)]]; The first team drove thru at 8 PM on March 9.<ref name=Scroll/> *The second checkpoint was at [[Jergul]] (in Karasjok municipality);<ref name=ScrollSun/> The first to move on from that checkpoint was Tom-Frode Johansen; He drove thru,<ref name=Scroll/> at 5 PM on March 9<!-- , without stopping-->. <!--*[[Láhpoluoppal]] (village); The first team drove thru at 1 PM on March 9.<ref name=Scroll/>--> *The first [[checkpoint]] was in [[Kautokeino]].<ref name=Article>https://www.nrk.no/finnmarkslopet/direkte-finnmarkslopet-2024-_-start-av-1200-km-klassen-1.16795433. [[NRK]].no. 2024-03-09</ref> The first to move on from that checkpoint was Tom-Frode Johansen;<ref name=Scroll/> Length of different legs of the trip, *49 km from Alta to Jotka<ref name=ScrollFri15/> *82 km from Jotka to Karasjok *83 km from Karasjok to ''Levajok 2'' *121 km from ''Levajok 2''<ref name=SNL/> to Varangerbotn *82 km from Varangerbotn (or [[Vuonnabahta]]) to Neiden *71 km from Neiden to Kirkenes *86 km from Kirkenes to "Øvre Pasvik" *78 km from "Øvre Pasvik" to Neiden *100 km from Neiden (or [[Njauddâm]]) to ''Tana bru''<ref name=VelgEtLøpChoseArace>[https://portal.finnmarkslopet.no/results ('chose a race') ''Velg et løp'' >]. Retrieved 2024-03-11</ref> *100 km from ''Tana bru'' (or Deanušaldi) to Levajok<ref name=ScrollSun/> * 122 km from Levajok to Jergul<ref name=Scroll/> *101 km from [[Jergul]] to Kautokeino;<ref name=Scroll/> [[Jergul Astu]]<ref name=SNL/> ('Jergul mountain-[[lodge]]') is the checkpoint, at the Jergul settlement. *The track is 168 km long, from Kautokeino to Alta; 13 hours and 57 minutes was used by the first team.<ref name=Scroll>https://www.nrk.no/finnmarkslopet/. NRK.no. Retrieved 2024-03-09</ref> ==''FL600'' and ''FL-junior''== *''FL600''; Some teams left the Jotka ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11979404 map]) checkpoint, to go to Alta (March 12). Other checkpoints are *Kárášjohka/Karasjok *[[Levajok|Leavvajohka/Levajok]].<ref name=ScrollSun/> *Jergul *[[Kautokeino|Guovdageaidnu/Kautokeino]]<ref name=ScrollSun/><ref name=Scroll/> The track is 570 km long.<ref name=SNL/> The race started on March 9. The winner is Ronny Wingren from [[Finland]]. The race ended on March 15, several days after the race had its winner. *''FL-junior''; The race started on March 9. The length was 198 km.<ref name=ResultsJunior>https://portal.finnmarkslopet.no/results. Retrieved 2024-03-11</ref> The winner was [[decision|decided]] the next day (and in the afternoon).<ref name=ScrollSun/> The race ended in Alta; The checkpoints were [[Jotka]], [[Šuoššjávri]], and (again) Jotka.<ref name=Scroll/><ref>https://www.finnmarkslopet.no/home-event-program/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309043727/https://www.finnmarkslopet.no/home-event-program/ |date=2024-03-09 }}. Retrieved 2024-03-09</ref> The winner is Elisabeth Kristensen.<ref name=ScrollSun/> ==Related pages== *[[Iditarod]] ==Sources== {{reflist}} [[Category:Finnmark]] [[Category:2024 in European sport]] [[Category:2020s in Norway]] {{stub}} 9146kboryb7msa5fxx5p596iqrocqbs 0 1089650 10367907 9576627 2025-07-02T16:45:19Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* References */ US-EN 10367907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = | genre = [[Comedy]]<br />Anthology<br />Animated series | creator = Barry Blumberg<br />John Solomon | developer = | writer = Various | director = | voices = Various voice actors | theme_music_composer = | opentheme = "Shorty McShorts' Shorts" {{small|(written by Vince Clarke and Warren Fitzgerald)}} | composer = Various | country = United States | language = English | num_seasons = 2 | num_episodes = 13 (8 unreleased) | list_episodes = | executive_producer = | producer = Various | runtime = 5 minutes | animator = | editor = | company = [[Disney Television Animation|Walt Disney Television Animation]] | network = [[Disney Channel]] | first_aired = {{Start date|2006|7|28}} | last_aired = {{End date|2007|5|25}} }} '''''Shorty McShorts' Shorts''''' is an American animated anthology short television series produced by Walt Disney Television Animation. aired in July 28, 2006 to May 25, 2007 from [[Disney Channel]]. two of them several separated animated shows from ''SheZow'' aired in Hub Network and ''Fish Hooks'' also aired in [[Disney Channel]]. == Plot == in several shorts in several segments. == Voice actors == *[[Richard Steven Horvitz]] as Dudley *[[Wilmer Valderrama]] as Nestor *[[Dionne Quan]] as Kudama Twins *Zach Ewing as Damien *Howard Hoffman as Head scientist *[[Tom Kenny]] as Ron Shepard, Fred *[[Lara Jill Miller]] as April *[[Tara Strong]] as Izzy *[[Jim Gaffigan]] as Og, Heinrichven *[[Kevin Michael Richardson]] as Bozzelbags *Alex Alba as Collin *[[Maria Bamford]] as Collin's sister, Groupie 1 *Lisa Tamashiro as Ayako *[[Kari Wahlgren]] as Okie-Dokie *[[Derek Stephen Prince]] as Boomer *[[John DiMaggio]] as Jimbob *[[John Schneider]] as Hunky-D *[[Greg Cipes]] as Matt *[[Scott Menville]] as Donny *[[Jeff Bennett]] as Frankie *[[Joey Fatone]] as Ricky *[[Mikey Kelley]] as Skylar *[[Wayne Brady]] as Cameron *Kent Osborne as Additional voices *[[Henry Rollins]] as Skylar (singing voice) *[[Grey DeLisle]] as Canadian reporter *[[Kelly Stables]] as Digit *[[Brian Stepanek]] as Digit's uncle, Roboat *Iris Bahr as Digit's mom *[[Carlos Alazraqui]] as Cosmo *[[Sean Marquette]] as Shapiro *[[Kurtwood Smith]] as Truant Officer Fabian *Brumby Boylston as Duley *[[Pamela Adlon]] as Additional voices *[[Jason Earles]] as Guy/Shezow *[[Emily Osment]] as Kelly *[[Tyler Posey]] as Jose *Obie Scott Wade as Carl *[[Mitchell Musso]] as Kevin *Jordan David as Germ *[[Cindy Williams]] as Lunchlady *Andy Suriano as Dodger Dare *[[Lisa Loeb]] as Beauty *Sherrie Jackson as Amber *Cameron Monaghan as Andy *[[Ariel Winter]] as Taffy *[[Jeff Garlin]] as Duke *[[Amy Yasbeck]] as Danielle == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Disney Channel television series]] [[Category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:2006 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2007 American television series endings]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] gczrdu1kxx09daipuy1kdvrn8rvz92c 0 1092733 10368712 9426749 2025-07-03T02:17:14Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 grammar 10368712 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} {{Speciesbox | image =Kurixalus eiffingeri.jpg | status =LC | status_ref =<ref name=IUCN/> | status_system = IUCN3.1 | taxon = Kurixalus eiffingeri | authority = (Boettger, 1895) | range_map = |synonyms=*''Rana eiffingeri'' Boettger, 1895 *''Polypedates eiffingeri'' Stejneger, 1907 *''Rhacophorus eiffingeri'' Boulenger, 1909 *''Rhacophorus (Rhacophorus) eiffingeri'' Ahl, 1931 *''Rhacophorus iriomotensis'' Okada and Matsui, 1964 *''Chirixalus eiffingeri'' Liem, 1970 *''Kurixalus eiffingeri'' Ye, Fei, and Dubois In Fei, 1999 | synonyms_ref=<ref name=AMNH /> }} The '''big-thumbed tree frog''', '''Eiffinger's tree frog''', or '''Eiffinger's Asian tree frog''' (''Kurixalus eiffingeri'') is a [[frog]]. It lives in [[Taiwan]] and [[Japan]], on the [[Ryukyu Island]]s.<ref name=AMNH>{{BioRef|ASW6 |title=''Kurixalus eiffingeri'' (Boettger, 1895) |url=https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Rhacophoridae/Rhacophorinae/Kurixalus/Kurixalus-eiffingeri |access-date=March 20, 2024}}</ref><ref name=Amph>{{BioRef|amphibiaweb |title=''Kurixalus eiffingeri'' (Boettger, 1895) |author1= Ambika Sopory |editor1= Michelle S. Koo |editor2= |date=October 16, 2000 |language= |url=https://amphibiaweb.org/species/4367 |access-date=March 20, 2024}}</ref> People have seen it between 50 and 2000 meters above sea level.<ref name=IUCN>{{cite IUCN |title= Eiffinger's Treefrog: ''Kurixalus eiffingeri'' |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/186873381/63850732 |page=e.T186873381A63850732 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T186873381A63850732.en |id=186873381 |year=2022 |author1=IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group |accessdate=March 20, 2024}}</ref> This is small and strong. This frog has rough skin on its back and vomerine teeth in its jaw. The adult male frog is 31-35 mm long [[snout-vent length|from nose to rear end]] and the adult female frog is 36-40 mm long.<ref name=Amph /> This frog lives in forests, including [[bamboo]] forests and forests with both bamboo and trees. The frog lays eggs in the holes in trees or bamboo that have water in them. The male frog watches the eggs until they hatch. When the eggs hatch, the tadpoles fall into the water. The female frog lays [[unfertilized|eggs that cannot hatch]] in the water for the tadpoles to eat. This frog can live on bamboo farms.<ref name=IUCN /><ref name=Amph /> Scientists believe this frog is not in danger of dying out because it lives in such a large place. However, human beings change the places where it lives. Some of the places this frog lives are protected parks. Sometimes people sell this frog as a pet.<ref name=IUCN /> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Frogs of Asia]] {{Taxonbar|from=Q2698100}} {{biology-stub}} j0fmn51f6bn0zffowbtgkylj7dzkcjt 0 1094100 10368162 9587306 2025-07-02T19:50:04Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* References */ US-EN 10368162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | name = High School Musical: {{nowrap|The Musical: The Series}} | image = | genre = {{Plainlist| * [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]<ref name="genre">{{Cite web |last=Gajjar |first=Saloni |date=April 8, 2021 |title=''High School Musical: The Musical: The Series'' heats up the competition in season two trailer |url=https://tv.avclub.com/high-school-musical-the-musical-the-series-heats-up-t-1846637593 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210408175113/https://tv.avclub.com/high-school-musical-the-musical-the-series-heats-up-t-1846637593 |archive-date=April 8, 2021 |access-date=April 17, 2021 |website=[[The A.V. Club]] |quote="The Disney+ mockumentary musical drama"}}</ref> * [[Musical film|Musical]]<ref name="genre" /> * [[Mockumentary]]<ref name="genre" /><!---Genre must be reliably referenced--> }} | creator = [[Tim Federle]] | based_on = {{based on|''[[High School Musical (franchise)|High School Musical]]''|[[Peter Barsocchini]]}} | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Olivia Rodrigo]]<!--Do not move this. Rodrigo is listed first in the credits; see talk page.--> * [[Joshua Bassett]] * [[Matt Cornett]] * [[Sofia Wylie]] * [[Larry Saperstein]] * [[Julia Lester]] * [[Dara Reneé]] * [[Frankie A. Rodriguez|Frankie Rodriguez]] * Mark St. Cyr * [[Kate Reinders]] * [[Joe Serafini]] * Saylor Bell Curda * Adrian Lyles * [[Liamani Segura]] }} | theme_music_composer = | opentheme = | endtheme = | composer = Gabriel Mann | country = United States | language = English | num_seasons = 4 | num_episodes = 38<!--specials are not included --> | list_episodes = List of High School Musical: The Musical: The Series episodes | executive_producer = {{Plainlist| * [[Oliver Goldstick]] * Tim Federle * Bill Borden * Barry Rosenbush * [[Tamra Davis]] }} | producer = {{Plainlist| * Greg A. Hampson * Jeff T. Miller }} | editor = | location = {{Plainlist| * [[Salt Lake City]] (seasons 1–2, 4) * [[Los Angeles]] (season 3) }} | cinematography = | camera = [[Single-camera]] | runtime = 26–61 minutes | company = {{Plainlist| * Chorus Boy * Salty Pictures * [[Disney Channel]] * [[Disney Branded Television]] }} | channel = [[Disney+]]{{efn|name="First episode broadcast"|The first episode premiered on [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]], [[Disney Channel]], and [[Freeform (TV channel)|Freeform]] on November 8, 2019, serving as a [[simulcast]] preview before its release on [[Disney+]] on November 12.<ref name="FirstEpisode">{{Cite web |last=Pedersen |first=Eric |date=October 11, 2019 |title=''High School Musical: The Musical: The Series'' First Episode To Air On ABC, Disney Channel & Freeform Ahead Of Disney+ Premiere |url=https://deadline.com/2019/10/high-school-musical-the-musical-the-series-to-air-on-abc-disney-channel-freeform-ahead-of-disney-premiere-1202757380/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806110306/https://deadline.com/2019/10/high-school-musical-the-musical-the-series-to-air-on-abc-disney-channel-freeform-ahead-of-disney-premiere-1202757380/ |archive-date=August 6, 2020 |access-date=October 11, 2019 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> |group=lower-alpha}} | released = {{Start date|2019|11|08}} | last_aired = {{End date|2023|08|09}} }} '''''High School Musical: The Musical: The Series''''' is an American [[mockumentary]] musical drama television series created for [[Disney+]] by [[Tim Federle]]. It is inspired by the [[High School Musical (franchise)|''High School Musical'' movie series]]. The series is produced by Chorus Boy and Salty Pictures in association with [[Disney Channel]]. ''High School Musical: The Musical: The Series'' premiered on Disney Channel, [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]], and [[Freeform (TV channel)|Freeform]] as a preview [[simulcast]] on November 8, 2019. It premiered on Disney+ on November 12, 2019. Its first season had 10 episodes. It was renewed by Disney+ for a [[High School Musical: The Musical: The Series (season 2)|second season]] of 12 episodes that premiered in May 2021. The [[High School Musical: The Musical: The Series (season 3)|third season]] with eight episodes premiered in July 2022. The [[High School Musical: The Musical: The Series (season 4)|fourth and final season]] made up of eight episodes premiered in August 2023. The series stars [[Olivia Rodrigo]], [[Joshua Bassett]], [[Matt Cornett]], [[Sofia Wylie]], [[Larry Saperstein]], [[Julia Lester]], [[Dara Reneé]], [[Frankie A. Rodriguez|Frankie Rodriguez]], Mark St. Cyr, [[Kate Reinders]], [[Joe Serafini]], Saylor Bell Curda, Adrian Lyles and [[Liamani Segura]]. ==Notes== {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:2019 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2023 American television series endings]] [[Category:American drama television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] {{TV-stub}} 03ofwd4o7svp5865dxxtkfrqytz71r5 10368164 10368162 2025-07-02T19:52:22Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* References */ template 10368164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | name = High School Musical: {{nowrap|The Musical: The Series}} | image = | genre = {{Plainlist| * [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]<ref name="genre">{{Cite web |last=Gajjar |first=Saloni |date=April 8, 2021 |title=''High School Musical: The Musical: The Series'' heats up the competition in season two trailer |url=https://tv.avclub.com/high-school-musical-the-musical-the-series-heats-up-t-1846637593 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210408175113/https://tv.avclub.com/high-school-musical-the-musical-the-series-heats-up-t-1846637593 |archive-date=April 8, 2021 |access-date=April 17, 2021 |website=[[The A.V. Club]] |quote="The Disney+ mockumentary musical drama"}}</ref> * [[Musical film|Musical]]<ref name="genre" /> * [[Mockumentary]]<ref name="genre" /><!---Genre must be reliably referenced--> }} | creator = [[Tim Federle]] | based_on = {{based on|''[[High School Musical (franchise)|High School Musical]]''|[[Peter Barsocchini]]}} | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Olivia Rodrigo]]<!--Do not move this. Rodrigo is listed first in the credits; see talk page.--> * [[Joshua Bassett]] * [[Matt Cornett]] * [[Sofia Wylie]] * [[Larry Saperstein]] * [[Julia Lester]] * [[Dara Reneé]] * [[Frankie A. Rodriguez|Frankie Rodriguez]] * Mark St. Cyr * [[Kate Reinders]] * [[Joe Serafini]] * Saylor Bell Curda * Adrian Lyles * [[Liamani Segura]] }} | theme_music_composer = | opentheme = | endtheme = | composer = Gabriel Mann | country = United States | language = English | num_seasons = 4 | num_episodes = 38<!--specials are not included --> | list_episodes = List of High School Musical: The Musical: The Series episodes | executive_producer = {{Plainlist| * [[Oliver Goldstick]] * Tim Federle * Bill Borden * Barry Rosenbush * [[Tamra Davis]] }} | producer = {{Plainlist| * Greg A. Hampson * Jeff T. Miller }} | editor = | location = {{Plainlist| * [[Salt Lake City]] (seasons 1–2, 4) * [[Los Angeles]] (season 3) }} | cinematography = | camera = [[Single-camera]] | runtime = 26–61 minutes | company = {{Plainlist| * Chorus Boy * Salty Pictures * [[Disney Channel]] * [[Disney Branded Television]] }} | channel = [[Disney+]]{{efn|name="First episode broadcast"|The first episode premiered on [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]], [[Disney Channel]], and [[Freeform (TV channel)|Freeform]] on November 8, 2019, serving as a [[simulcast]] preview before its release on [[Disney+]] on November 12.<ref name="FirstEpisode">{{Cite web |last=Pedersen |first=Eric |date=October 11, 2019 |title=''High School Musical: The Musical: The Series'' First Episode To Air On ABC, Disney Channel & Freeform Ahead Of Disney+ Premiere |url=https://deadline.com/2019/10/high-school-musical-the-musical-the-series-to-air-on-abc-disney-channel-freeform-ahead-of-disney-premiere-1202757380/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806110306/https://deadline.com/2019/10/high-school-musical-the-musical-the-series-to-air-on-abc-disney-channel-freeform-ahead-of-disney-premiere-1202757380/ |archive-date=August 6, 2020 |access-date=October 11, 2019 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> |group=lower-alpha}} | released = {{Start date|2019|11|08}} | last_aired = {{End date|2023|08|09}} }} '''''High School Musical: The Musical: The Series''''' is an American [[mockumentary]] musical drama television series created for [[Disney+]] by [[Tim Federle]]. It is inspired by the [[High School Musical (franchise)|''High School Musical'' movie series]]. The series is produced by Chorus Boy and Salty Pictures in association with [[Disney Channel]]. ''High School Musical: The Musical: The Series'' premiered on Disney Channel, [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]], and [[Freeform (TV channel)|Freeform]] as a preview [[simulcast]] on November 8, 2019. It premiered on Disney+ on November 12, 2019. Its first season had 10 episodes. It was renewed by Disney+ for a [[High School Musical: The Musical: The Series (season 2)|second season]] of 12 episodes that premiered in May 2021. The [[High School Musical: The Musical: The Series (season 3)|third season]] with eight episodes premiered in July 2022. The [[High School Musical: The Musical: The Series (season 4)|fourth and final season]] made up of eight episodes premiered in August 2023. The series stars [[Olivia Rodrigo]], [[Joshua Bassett]], [[Matt Cornett]], [[Sofia Wylie]], [[Larry Saperstein]], [[Julia Lester]], [[Dara Reneé]], [[Frankie A. Rodriguez|Frankie Rodriguez]], Mark St. Cyr, [[Kate Reinders]], [[Joe Serafini]], Saylor Bell Curda, Adrian Lyles and [[Liamani Segura]]. ==Notes== {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} ==References== {{reflist}} {{Disney+ original series}} [[Category:2019 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2023 American television series endings]] [[Category:American drama television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] {{TV-stub}} t0cle0ajj2oq17jn34jsmawik309qhq 0 1094101 10367913 9737637 2025-07-02T16:50:59Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* References */ US-EN 10367913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} '''''Bizaardvark''''' is an American [[Television comedy|comedy]] television series created by Kyle Stegina and Josh Lehrman. It premiered on [[Disney Channel]] on June 24, 2016. The series ran for three seasons. It had a total of 63 episodes. Its final episode was released on April 13, 2019. The series stars [[Madison Hu]], [[Olivia Rodrigo]], [[Jake Paul]], DeVore Ledridge, Ethan Wacker, Maxwell Simkins, and Elie Samouhi.<ref name="Walt Disney Television Press Show Bios">{{cite web|url=https://www.wdtvpress.com/disneychannel/shows/bizaardvark/bios/|title=''Bizaardvark'' Show Bios|publisher=[[Walt Disney Television Press]]|access-date=March 30, 2019|url-status=deviated|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330165430/https://www.wdtvpress.com/disneychannel/shows/bizaardvark/bios/|archive-date=March 30, 2019|archivedate=March 30, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330165430/https://www.wdtvpress.com/disneychannel/shows/bizaardvark/bios/}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:2010s American comedy television series]] [[Category:2016 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2019 American television series endings]] [[Category:Disney Channel television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:Olivia Rodrigo]] {{TV-stub}} qglnorapexvlp9f9hbajalwtymv7xmb 2 1094567 10368534 10341919 2025-07-03T00:09:04Z Immanuelle 1174418 Immanuelle moved page [[User:Immanuelle/Adachiyama Myokengu]] to [[User:Immanuelle/Adachiyama Myoken Shrine]]: Source calls it this 10341919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{draft}} <!-- {{afc comment|1=should we move this to [[Adachiyama Myokengu]]?}} --> {{Infobox religious building |name=Adachi Myokengu|native_name=足立山妙見宮| religious_affiliation = Shinto | image = Adachi Myokengu.jpg | deity = [[Ame-no-Minakanushi]], [[Takamimusubi]], [[Kamimusubi]] |consecration_year=770<ref name="https" />}} {{nihongo|{{ill|Adachiyama Myokengu|en:draft|Mioya Shrine|en|draft:Adachi Myokengu|ja|御祖神社}}|足立山妙見宮|4=lit: Mount Adachi Myoken Palace}} is a [[Shinto shrine]] located in [[Kitakyushu]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ltd.|first=TheGridNet|title=About Kitakyushu|url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:WoLOoc0OwRYJ:https://kitakyushu.only.site/en/info&cd=14&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ca|access-date=2023-10-01|website=The Kitakyushu Grid|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Discover Japan's Hidden Gems {{!}} Vision Sakura-stream|url=https://www.visionservice.io/blog/adachiyamamyokenshrine-kitakyusyu|access-date=2025-05-29|website=Vision|language=en-US}}</ref> It is also called {{Nihongo|Mioya Shrine|御祖神社|Mioya-jinja|lit: Divine{{efn|御 is the character in [[Amaterasu Omikami]]}} Ancestor Shrine}} It is dedicated to [[Ame-no-Minakanushi]], who is sometimes known by the Buddhist name [[Myōken]]<ref name="Amenominakanushi">{{cite web |last1=Mori |first1=Mizue |title=Amenominakanushi |url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=38 |access-date=2020-11-07 |website=Encyclopedia of Shinto |publisher=Kokugakuin University}}</ref>. The two different names are from the two different names. It was built by [[Wake no Kiyomaro]], a Japanese noble man after he stopped [[Dōkyō]] from becoming [[Emperor of Japan]]. He was exiled to [[Mount Adachi]] and buiilt the shrine on it after wild boars saved him<ref name="https" />. He founded the shrine in 770<ref name="https">https://qrutto.jp/wp-content/themes/qrutto/files/10_toyonokuni_guidebook_english.pdf</ref> {{ill|Shimogamo Shrine|en}} has a similar formal name {{Nihongo|"Kamo-mioya Shrine'"|賀茂御祖神社|''Kamo-mioya jinja''}}. While some words only sound similar in Japanese but have different characters, this one is common in characters too.<ref>Richard, Ponsonby-Fane. (1964) '' Visiting Famous Shrines in Japan,'' pp. 1-118.</ref> People Hike up Mount Adachi on a route that goes by it.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mount Adachiyama - Myoken Shrine Loop|url=https://www.alltrails.com/trail/japan/fukuoka/mount-adachiyama-myoken-shrine|access-date=2024-03-29|website=AllTrails.com|language=en}}</ref> == References == {{Commons category|Mioya Shrine}} <references group="lower-alpha" />{{reflist}} {{Myōken Faith}} {{Draft categories| [[Category:Shinto shrines]] [[Category:Shinto shrines in Japan]] [[Category:Myoken]] [[Category:Shinto shrines in Fukuoka Prefecture]] [[Category:Brahma]] [[Category:Fuken-sha]] [[Category:Hanami spots of Japan]] [[Category:Buildings and structures in Kitakyushu]] [[Category:Myōken]] [[Category:770 establishments]] [[Category:Ff]] [[Category:Former Fu-sha in Fukuoka Prefecture]] [[simple:User:Immanuelle/Adachiyama Myokengu]] }} [[ja: 御祖神社]] [[en:Draft:Mioya Shrine]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Immanuelle/Adachi Myokengu]] km6scxwdwk5evfzer9bzp4xr3mevnd1 10368537 10368534 2025-07-03T00:09:26Z Immanuelle 1174418 10368537 wikitext text/x-wiki {{draft}} <!-- {{afc comment|1=should we move this to [[Adachiyama Myokengu]]?}} --> {{Infobox religious building |name=Adachi Myokengu|native_name=足立山妙見宮| religious_affiliation = Shinto | image = Adachi Myokengu.jpg | deity = [[Ame-no-Minakanushi]], [[Takamimusubi]], [[Kamimusubi]] |consecration_year=770<ref name="https" />}} {{nihongo|{{ill|Adachiyama Myokengu|en:draft|Mioya Shrine|en|draft:Adachi Myokengu|ja|御祖神社}}|足立山妙見宮|4=lit: Mount Adachi Myoken Palace}} is a [[Shinto shrine]] located in [[Kitakyushu]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ltd.|first=TheGridNet|title=About Kitakyushu|url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:WoLOoc0OwRYJ:https://kitakyushu.only.site/en/info&cd=14&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ca|access-date=2023-10-01|website=The Kitakyushu Grid|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Discover Japan's Hidden Gems {{!}} Vision Sakura-stream|url=https://www.visionservice.io/blog/adachiyamamyokenshrine-kitakyusyu|access-date=2025-05-29|website=Vision|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Discover Japan's Hidden Gems {{!}} Vision Sakura-stream|url=https://www.visionservice.io/blog/adachiyamamyokenshrine-kitakyusyu|access-date=2025-07-03|website=Vision|language=en-US}}</ref> It is also called {{Nihongo|Mioya Shrine|御祖神社|Mioya-jinja|lit: Divine{{efn|御 is the character in [[Amaterasu Omikami]]}} Ancestor Shrine}} It is dedicated to [[Ame-no-Minakanushi]], who is sometimes known by the Buddhist name [[Myōken]]<ref name="Amenominakanushi">{{cite web |last1=Mori |first1=Mizue |title=Amenominakanushi |url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=38 |access-date=2020-11-07 |website=Encyclopedia of Shinto |publisher=Kokugakuin University}}</ref>. The two different names are from the two different names. It was built by [[Wake no Kiyomaro]], a Japanese noble man after he stopped [[Dōkyō]] from becoming [[Emperor of Japan]]. He was exiled to [[Mount Adachi]] and buiilt the shrine on it after wild boars saved him<ref name="https" />. He founded the shrine in 770<ref name="https">https://qrutto.jp/wp-content/themes/qrutto/files/10_toyonokuni_guidebook_english.pdf</ref> {{ill|Shimogamo Shrine|en}} has a similar formal name {{Nihongo|"Kamo-mioya Shrine'"|賀茂御祖神社|''Kamo-mioya jinja''}}. While some words only sound similar in Japanese but have different characters, this one is common in characters too.<ref>Richard, Ponsonby-Fane. (1964) '' Visiting Famous Shrines in Japan,'' pp. 1-118.</ref> People Hike up Mount Adachi on a route that goes by it.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mount Adachiyama - Myoken Shrine Loop|url=https://www.alltrails.com/trail/japan/fukuoka/mount-adachiyama-myoken-shrine|access-date=2024-03-29|website=AllTrails.com|language=en}}</ref> == References == {{Commons category|Mioya Shrine}} <references group="lower-alpha" />{{reflist}} {{Myōken Faith}} {{Draft categories| [[Category:Shinto shrines]] [[Category:Shinto shrines in Japan]] [[Category:Myoken]] [[Category:Shinto shrines in Fukuoka Prefecture]] [[Category:Brahma]] [[Category:Fuken-sha]] [[Category:Hanami spots of Japan]] [[Category:Buildings and structures in Kitakyushu]] [[Category:Myōken]] [[Category:770 establishments]] [[Category:Ff]] [[Category:Former Fu-sha in Fukuoka Prefecture]] [[simple:User:Immanuelle/Adachiyama Myokengu]] }} [[ja: 御祖神社]] [[en:Draft:Mioya Shrine]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Immanuelle/Adachi Myokengu]] ssqmv36wiake5yqidkpa9t1j178527g 0 1095175 10368727 9764464 2025-07-03T02:21:14Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 typo: duplication 10368727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | type = [[Governorates of Palestine|Governorate]] | image_skyline = Tulkarm Qalqilya Cemetery.jpg | caption = | image_map = Tulkarm in Palestine.svg | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{PSE}} | population_as_of = 2017 | population_footnotes = <ref name="pop2017">{{cite web |url=http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Downloads/book2364-1.pdf |title=Main Indicators by Type of Locality - Population, Housing and Establishments Census 2017 |access-date=2021-01-19 |publisher=[[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]] (PCBS) |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128121306/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Downloads/book2364-1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 239 | population_total = 158,213 | population_note = This figure excludes the [[Israeli settlement|Israeli West Bank Settlements]] | mapsize = 230px | mapsize1 = 230px | image_map1 = 2018 OCHA OpT map Tulkarm.jpg | map_caption1 = 2018 [[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|United Nations]] map of the area, showing the [[Israeli occupation of the West Bank|Israeli occupation]] arrangements in the governorate }} The '''Tulkarm Governorate''' is a province of the [[Palestinian National Authority]]. It is located in the northwest of the [[West Bank|West Bank region]] of occupied Palestine. Tulkarm Governorate includes dozens of villages and towns. The capital city is [[Tulkarm]]. == Population centres == Tulkarm Governorate has dozens of population centres, which are as follows:<ref> [http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Downloads/book2364.pdf الجهاز المركزي الفلسطيني للإحصاء - التجمعات السكانية في محافظة طولكرم 2017] {{Webarchive| url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181113171159/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Downloads/book2364.pdf | date= 13 November 2018 }}</ref> The city of [[Tulkarm]] ({{lang-ar|مدينة طولكرم|Medina Tulkarm}} , the capital of the governorate. {| class="wikitable" |- |+ Neighborhoods in the city of Tulkarm |- ! Name in English !! Name in [[Arabic languages |Arabic]] |- | {{ill|Shweika neighborhood|ar|شويكة_(طولكرم)}} || {{lang|ar|حي شويكة}} |- | {{ill|Dhanaba neighborhood|ar|ذنابة}} || {{lang|ar|حي ذنابة}} |- | {{ill|Artah neighborhood|ar|ارتاح}} || {{lang|ar|حي ارتاح}} |- | {{ill|Aktaba neighborhood|ar|إكتابا}} || {{lang|ar|حي اكتابا}} |- | {{ill|Kafa neighborhood|ar|كفا}} || {{lang|ar|حي كفا}} |- | {{ill|Tulkarm camp|ar|مخيم_طولكرم}} || {{lang|ar|مخيم طولكرم}} |- | {{ill|Nour Shams camp|ar|مخيم_نور_شمس}} || {{lang|ar|مخيم نور شمس}} |- |} == Governors == {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" !Name !Name in Arabic ! starting date !ending date ! comments |- | Ezzedeen El-Sherif |[[:ar:عز_الدين_الشريف|عز الدين الشريف]] | December 10, 1995 | November 9, 2005 | |- | Raafat Balawi |رأفت بلعاوي | | |facilitator مُسير أعمال |- | Talal Dweikat |[[:ar:طلال_دويكات|طلال دويكات]] | September 1, 2006 | May 4, 2012 | |- | Jamal Saeed |جمال سعيد | | |facilitator مُسير أعمال |- | Abdullah Kamil |[[:ar:عبد_الله_كميل|عبد الله كميل]] | January 7, 2014 | December 29, 2014 | |- | Issam Abu Bakr |[[:ar:عصام_أبو_بكر|عصام أبو بكر]] | December 29, 2014 <ref name="MyUser_Https:_August_10_2023c3">{{Cite web|last=|date=|title=قرار رقم (138) لسنة 2014م بشان نقل السيد/ عصام ابو بكر محافظا لمحافظة طولكرم|url=https://mjr.lab.pna.ps/Decrees/Download/?p=b16b35bd-3fbd-4f9e-b9cd-0e276c8a7ad8.pdf&d=%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%20%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%20(138)%20%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9%202014%D9%85%20%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%A3%D9%86%20%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%20%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%20%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%B1%20%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D8%A7%20%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D8%A9%20%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812144026/https://mjr.lab.pna.ps/Decrees/Download/?p=b16b35bd-3fbd-4f9e-b9cd-0e276c8a7ad8.pdf&d=%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%20%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%20(138)%20%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9%202014%D9%85%20%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%A3%D9%86%20%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%20%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%20%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%B1%20%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D8%A7%20%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D8%A9%20%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85.pdf|archive-date=August 12, 2023|access-date=August 10, 2023|website=ديوان الفتوى والتشريع}}</ref> | August 10, 2023 <ref name="MyUser_Https:_August_10_2023c2">{{Cite web|last=|date=|title=الرئيس يصدر مرسوما رئاسيا بإحالة عدد من محافظي المحافظات الجنوبية والشمالية للتقاعد|url=https://www.wafa.ps/Pages/Details/76373|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810115657/https://www.wafa.ps/Pages/Details/76373|archive-date=2023-08-10|access-date=August 10, 2023|website=وكالة الأنباء والمعلومات الرسمية "وفا"}}</ref> | |- | {{Wikidata entity link|Q124801110}} |مصطفى طقاطقة | August 10, 2023 | March 9, 2024 | facilitator مُسير أعمال |- | {{Wikidata entity link|Q124801110}} |مصطفى طقاطقة | March 9, 2024 <ref name="MyUser_Https:_March_9_2024c">{{Cite web|last=|date=|title=الرئيس يصدر مرسوما بتعيين مصطفى أحمد الديراوية محافظا لطولكرم|url=https://www.wafa.ps/Pages/Details/91594|access-date=March 9, 2024|website=وكالة وفا}}</ref> | still | |} == References == {{Reflist}} {{Governorates of the State of Palestine}} {{Palestine topics}} [[Category:Governorates of Palestine]] [[Category:Geography of the West Bank]] b5iyizqk5oxrn0e0za8e4bkbxravr4h 0 1095365 10368595 9450996 2025-07-03T00:43:03Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 Typo: duplication 10368595 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Coop & Cami Ask the World''' is an American comedy television series. It was created by Boyce Bugliari and Jamie McLaughlin. The series premiered on October 12, 2018. It stars Dakota Lotus and Ruby Rose Turner as Coop and Cami Wrather, two middle school-aged siblings who crowdsource their decision-making online. The series ran for two seasons, airing its final episode on September 11, 2020. [[Category:2018 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2020 American television series endings]] [[Category:2010s American sitcoms]] [[Category:American teen comedy television series]] [[Category:Disney Channel television series]] [[Category:English-language television programs]] {{TV-stub}} krpzudqp0iob9j4kwi08bkytxvm340o 0 1097070 10368659 10364077 2025-07-03T01:50:40Z CommonsDelinker 5295 Removing [[:c:File:Lucia_Mondella_of_the_The_Betrothed_novel_(Promessi_Sposi)_with_traditional_Sperada_superimposed_on_Leonardo's_Mona_Lisa_with_analysis_by_Prof-Riccardo_Magnani.jpg|Lucia_Mondella_of_the_The_Betrothed_novel_(Promessi_Sposi)_with_traditio 10368659 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:I promessi sposi - Lucia.jpg |thumb|upright=1.6|Lucia Mondella in “Promessi Sposi” by [[Alessandro Manzoni]] with Sperada (1825)]] The '''Sperada''' (or '''Guazze''', ''guazz'' in [[Lombard language|Lombard]] from ''coazza'', braided hair) is the name used on [[Lake Como]] to indicate the female hairstyle popularly used between the [[17th century|17th]] and [[19th century]]. Sometimes it is also called '''raggiera''' due to its shape.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://georgianagarden.blogspot.be/2011/09/la-corona-lombarda.html |title=La corona lombarda |website=georgianagarden.blogspot.be |language=Italian |access-date=January 20, 2017}}</ref> It consists of a series of [[Hairpin (device)|hairpins]] arranged radially to hold the braids, turning a way of styling the [[hair]] into a showy clothing accessory. The “Sperada” was the hairstyle worn by women between [[Mandello]] and [[Lierna]] who, upon engagement, declared the end of their adolescence by declaring themselves Promised Brides. The combination of hair and hairpins also locally took the names of ''giron'', ''speronada'' or ''sperada'' if characterized by thin elements, or ''coo d'argent'' with wide elements. [[File:Segantini Bagpipers of Brianza.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Woman with Sperada painting by [[Segantini]] (1883)]] == Presence in Literature == The Guazze hairstyle is mentioned in ''[[The Betrothed]]'' (''[[I Promessi Sposi]]'') by [[Alessandro Manzoni]], where it is described as a common hairstyle among women in [[Lombardy]] during the 17th and 18th centuries. == Origin == The Guazze hairstyle originated in [[Mandello del Lario]] and [[Lierna]], two towns in the province of [[Lecco]]. == Identification in Art == Studies by [[Riccardo Magnani]] have identified that the painting of [[Mona Lisa]] originally featured a Guazze hairstyle, which has since disappeared over time due to paint corrosion. However, traces of the hairstyle are still evident in the painting. == References == <references /> == Bibliography == * Canali, Luciano. (2002). ''Le donne del Chiostrino: vita quotidiana a Milano nel Quattrocento''. Il Mulino. ISBN 978-8815099357. * Fiorani, Francesca. (2003). ''Il sentimento della bellezza: Da Leonardo a Bellini, la pittura italiana del Rinascimento nelle sue opere capitali''. Einaudi. ISBN 978-8806182931. * Rosci, Marco. (2007). ''Segantini: catalogo generale''. Electa. ISBN 978-8837055882. * Spinelli, Andrea. (2015). ''Tesori d'arte nelle chiese di Brianza''. Script. ISBN 978-8899946033. [[Category:Hairstyles]] [[Category:History of fashion]] [[Category:Italian culture]] [[Category:Lombardy]] gf701cktsx66nqrfcizxe7aet0tujl4 0 1098176 10368733 10078655 2025-07-03T02:23:15Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 typo: duplication 10368733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox brand |name=Funyuns |logo=[[File:Funyuns brand logo.png|200px]] |caption=Logo |type=[[Snack food]] |currentowner=[[Frito-Lay]] |origin=[[United States]] |introduced={{start date and age|1969}} |website={{URL|https://funyuns.com/|funyuns.com}} }} '''Funyuns''' is a brand of [[cornmeal]] snacks that taste like [[onion]] and are shaped in a circle. Funyuns are owned by [[Frito-Lay]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fritolay.com/brands|access-date=April 9, 2024|title=Brands|publisher=[[Frito-Lay]]}}</ref> The snack was created by George Bigner, a worker at Frito-Lay and it would be launched in 1969.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailymeal.com/eat/what-exactly-are-funyuns-anyway|access-date=April 9, 2024|title=What Exactly Are Funyuns, Anyway?|publisher=[[The Daily Meal]]}}</ref> Funyuns are popular in the [[United States]], with 2.02 million Americans buying over 8 bags in 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/288740/bags-of-funyuns-corn-tortilla-chips-eaten-in-the-us/|access-date=April 9, 2024|title=Bags of Funyuns corn / tortilla chips eaten within 30 days in the U.S. 2020|publisher=[[Statista]]}}</ref> Aside from the original flavor, Funyuns also come in a spicy Flamin' Hot flavor. Funyuns have also been used as a popular ingredient in meals. One well known recipe uses funyuns as a turkey coating instead of breadcrumbs. It has also been used as an ingredient for [[green bean]] [[casserole]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parade.com/618491/solanahawkenson/funyuns-turkey/|access-date=April 9, 2024|title=Funyuns Turkey|publisher=[[Parade (magazine)|Parade]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thetakeout.com/sneak-funyuns-into-your-thanksgiving-spread-recipes-1830522913|access-date=April 9, 2024|title=You should sneak Funyuns into your Thanksgiving spread|publisher=The Takeout}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{Official|https://www.funyuns.com}} {{food-stub}} [[Category:1969 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:Snack foods]] k7cvj994ogyba26detz7iq9ovir073y 0 1102526 10367599 10367449 2025-07-02T12:18:34Z Fr33kman 15149 Decline, take to RfD instead 10367599 wikitext text/x-wiki {{cleanup|reason=needs punctuation grammar etc|date=December 2024}} {{Infobox person | name = Yerima Usman Shettima | image = Yerimasheertima.jpq.jpg | caption = Yerima Usman Shettima in 2023 | alt = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1974 |05|28}} | birth_place = [[Kaduna State]], Nigeria | resting_place_coordinates = | education = [[ Lagos State University]], Kaduna State University | occupation = MD/CEO Shehalfat properties And Logistics, [[Human rights]] [[activist]], Founder of Arewa Youths Cunsultative Forum , Citizen [[reporter]]. | party = | spouse = Halima Shettima And Fatima Shettima | children = Rahmat Shettima Raliya Shettima, Muhammad Sani Shettima, Salisu Mujjahid Shettima, Aisha Humaira Shettima, Muhammad Shafiu Shettima, Raliya Ihsan Shettima | parents = Alhajin Shafi Usman and Hajiya Raliya Muhammad | relatives = | website = }} '''Yerima Usman Shettima''' (born on 28th May 1974) is a kaduna born , [[human right]] [[activist]], citizens reporter, [[writer]], and pro - democracy advocate , Managing Director and [[Chief executive officer|Chief executive Officer]] Shehalfat properties and logistics, founder and president general of Arewa Youths Cunsultative Forum (AYCF).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-08-28|title=appoint shettima into your cabinet youth groups urge tinubu |url=https://blueprint.ng/appoint-shettima-into-your-cabinet-youth-groups-urge-tinubu/|access-date=2023-08-28|website=Blueprint.ng |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-01-20|title=Arewa Youths kick against plan to move cbn faan departments to lagos|url=https://guardian.ng/news/arewa-youths-kick-against-plan-to-move-cbn-faan-departments-to-lagos/|access-date=2024-01-20|website=guardian.ng |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-06-29|title=2023 at no time did I say igbo will never be Nigeria's president yerima|url=https://vanguardngr.com/2020/06/2023-at-no-time-did-i-say-igbo-will-never-be-nigerias-president-yerima/|access-date=2023-06-29|website=Vanguard.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> == Early life == Yerima Usman Shettima was born on 28th May, 1974 in the city of [[Zaria]] in [[kaduna]] [[state]] , [[Nigeria]] . He was born into a Hausa family and was raised in the Islamic faith. Shettima began his education career in Islamiya primary school in otukpo, [[Benue]] [[State]] , where he received his early education, he attended the Nico commercial [[secondary school]] in [[Cross River]] [[State]] . And later proceed to [[Lagos State University]] (LASU), where he get [[Bachelor's degree]] in [[public administration]]. He completed his master's degree in conflict peace and strategic studies in Kaduna state University.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-08-29|title=appoint yerima shettima minister from kaduna Niger delta Youths tell tinubu|url=https://vanguardngr.com/2023/08/appoint-yerima-shettima-minister-from-kaduna-niger-delta-youths-tell-tinubu/amp/|access-date=2023-08-29|website=Vanguard.ng |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-10-04|title=shettima yerima the strong and influential voice of Northern Nigeria|url=https://elanzanews.ng/shettima-yerima-the-strong-and-influential-voice-of-northern-nigeria/|access-date=2023-10-04|website=elanzanews.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> == Early career == Yerima Usman Shettima begin his career as a self employed Chairman Shehalfat properties and logistics limited in [[kaduna]] [[State]] . He continously demonstrated his an active member of NADECO and the pioneer of Arewa Youths Cunsultative Forum (AYCF). Between 2004 and 2006, Yerima Usman Shettima is a youth director of PRONACO with people's like Wale Soyinka, Anthony Enahoro and Beko Ransom Kuti. He is one of the pioneer of Save Nigeria lead by Tunde Bakare.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-03-12|title=alhaji yerima shettima president arewa youth consultative Forum aycf 2023 clamouring for Southern president greedy selfish|url=https://sunnewsonline.com/alhaji-yerima-shettima-president-arewa-youth-consultative-forum-aycf-2023-clamouring-for-southern-president-greedy-selfish/|access-date=2022-03-12|website=sunnewsonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> == Political career == Yerima Usman Shettima begin his politics as a first National Vice Chairman for the North East of the Democratic Party for a people's federation (DPPF) with lead by professor Wale Soyinka. In 2011 Shettima became vice president candidate of the Liberal Democratic Party Of Nigeria (LDPN). He also contested for the House of Representatives [[kaduna]] [[North]] in 2019. He became the presidential Candidate under (YDP) in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-09-01|title=arewa Youths demand inclusion of yerima shettima in tinubu cabinet|url=https://vanguardngr.com/2023/09/arewa-youths-demand-inclusion-of-yerima-shettima-in-tinubu-cabinet/|access-date=2023-09-01|website=Vanguard.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> == Activism == Yerima Usman Shettima an activist has literally seen.it all, in the fierce battle to consign millitary to the barracks,and pave the way for the current democratic dispensation. He has on many occasions been a guest to the Directorate of Security Service (DSS) and police cells for standing up for democracy, equal rights freedom and justice in Nigeria. Along the line many other prisoners of conscience like Yerima, who were detained by the junta died incarceration. Few, including Yerima, survived this onslaught by the military, in the form of caging the voice of reasoning. == Personal life == Yerima Usman Shettima is married with two Wife's Hajiya Halima Shettima and Hajiya Fatima Shettima and bless with Children's.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-12-22|title=why marriages crash very fast fati ladan|url=https://blueprint.ng/why-marriages-crash-very-fast-fati-ladan/|access-date=2023-12-22|website=blueprint.ng|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-30|title=why my marriage successful fati ladan|url=https://blueprint.ng/why-my-marriage-successful-fati-ladan/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=blueprint.ng|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Awards and recognition == * Honorary Award - Ijaw youth Development Association.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-11-02|title=yerima shettima the making of an activist|url=https://politicstoday.ng/yerima-shettima-the-making-of-an-activist/|access-date=2018-11-01|website=politicstoday.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> * Centre for Resolution and NGo promoting peace and unity.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-01-02|title=development in cooking gas industry|url=https://leadership.ng/ngos-unveil-nominees-f/|access-date=2023-07-10|website=leadership.ng|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Icon of peace and conflict. * Global Forum for peace justice and Human rights Ambassador for peace.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-08-10|title=NGo unveil nominees for global peace Humanitarian awards 2023|url=https://leadership.ng/ngo-unveil-nominees-for-global-peace-humanitarian-awards-2023/|access-date=2023-08-10|website=leadership.ng|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Per ASPERAAD Astra certificate of honour, legion of eminent personalities in Africa. * International youth peace [[Tourism]] Ambassador Ijaw monitoring Group (IMG).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-31|title=arewa massob pact how deal will protect igbo in the north yerima shettima|url=https://vanguardngr.com/2020/08/arewa-massob-pact-how-deal-will-protect-igbo-in-the-north-yerima-shettima-/amp/|access-date=2020-08-31|website=Vanguard.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> == Title == * Jarman Lagos<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-07-19|title=Arewa chief ask dss to release sarkin hausawa|url=https://leadership.ng/arewa-chief-ask-dss-to-release-sarkin-hausawa-/|access-date=2023-07-19|website=leadership.ng|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Omeudo Ndigbo by Obi Eziokwundigbo of Mushin Land.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-07-18|title=emefiele arewa leader in South wife detained by dss relatives protest|url=https://dailytrus.com/emefiele-arewa-leader-in-south-wife-detained-by-dss-relatives-protest/|access-date=2023-07-18|website=Dailytrust|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:1974 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:People from Kaduna State]] [[Category:Nigerian activists]] siu4a8jg1p6n8gs4zvexcp1k2rzigdk 10367604 10367599 2025-07-02T12:25:53Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 Nominated for deletion; see [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yerima Usman Shettima]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367604 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|Notability not expressed through reliable sources. Half of the sources are coming up as 404 pages. In the awards section, 2 are 404, 1 (the Tourism ambassador) doesn't mention that award in the article, and the other 1 lists his awards without any context to show where the award comes from. Even if well sourced, the awards don't appear notable. His positions seem non-notable, too. The source show he was a presidential candidate is also a 404.}} {{cleanup|reason=needs punctuation grammar etc|date=December 2024}} {{Infobox person | name = Yerima Usman Shettima | image = Yerimasheertima.jpq.jpg | caption = Yerima Usman Shettima in 2023 | alt = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1974 |05|28}} | birth_place = [[Kaduna State]], Nigeria | resting_place_coordinates = | education = [[ Lagos State University]], Kaduna State University | occupation = MD/CEO Shehalfat properties And Logistics, [[Human rights]] [[activist]], Founder of Arewa Youths Cunsultative Forum , Citizen [[reporter]]. | party = | spouse = Halima Shettima And Fatima Shettima | children = Rahmat Shettima Raliya Shettima, Muhammad Sani Shettima, Salisu Mujjahid Shettima, Aisha Humaira Shettima, Muhammad Shafiu Shettima, Raliya Ihsan Shettima | parents = Alhajin Shafi Usman and Hajiya Raliya Muhammad | relatives = | website = }} '''Yerima Usman Shettima''' (born on 28th May 1974) is a kaduna born , [[human right]] [[activist]], citizens reporter, [[writer]], and pro - democracy advocate , Managing Director and [[Chief executive officer|Chief executive Officer]] Shehalfat properties and logistics, founder and president general of Arewa Youths Cunsultative Forum (AYCF).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-08-28|title=appoint shettima into your cabinet youth groups urge tinubu |url=https://blueprint.ng/appoint-shettima-into-your-cabinet-youth-groups-urge-tinubu/|access-date=2023-08-28|website=Blueprint.ng |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-01-20|title=Arewa Youths kick against plan to move cbn faan departments to lagos|url=https://guardian.ng/news/arewa-youths-kick-against-plan-to-move-cbn-faan-departments-to-lagos/|access-date=2024-01-20|website=guardian.ng |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-06-29|title=2023 at no time did I say igbo will never be Nigeria's president yerima|url=https://vanguardngr.com/2020/06/2023-at-no-time-did-i-say-igbo-will-never-be-nigerias-president-yerima/|access-date=2023-06-29|website=Vanguard.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> == Early life == Yerima Usman Shettima was born on 28th May, 1974 in the city of [[Zaria]] in [[kaduna]] [[state]] , [[Nigeria]] . He was born into a Hausa family and was raised in the Islamic faith. Shettima began his education career in Islamiya primary school in otukpo, [[Benue]] [[State]] , where he received his early education, he attended the Nico commercial [[secondary school]] in [[Cross River]] [[State]] . And later proceed to [[Lagos State University]] (LASU), where he get [[Bachelor's degree]] in [[public administration]]. He completed his master's degree in conflict peace and strategic studies in Kaduna state University.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-08-29|title=appoint yerima shettima minister from kaduna Niger delta Youths tell tinubu|url=https://vanguardngr.com/2023/08/appoint-yerima-shettima-minister-from-kaduna-niger-delta-youths-tell-tinubu/amp/|access-date=2023-08-29|website=Vanguard.ng |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-10-04|title=shettima yerima the strong and influential voice of Northern Nigeria|url=https://elanzanews.ng/shettima-yerima-the-strong-and-influential-voice-of-northern-nigeria/|access-date=2023-10-04|website=elanzanews.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> == Early career == Yerima Usman Shettima begin his career as a self employed Chairman Shehalfat properties and logistics limited in [[kaduna]] [[State]] . He continously demonstrated his an active member of NADECO and the pioneer of Arewa Youths Cunsultative Forum (AYCF). Between 2004 and 2006, Yerima Usman Shettima is a youth director of PRONACO with people's like Wale Soyinka, Anthony Enahoro and Beko Ransom Kuti. He is one of the pioneer of Save Nigeria lead by Tunde Bakare.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-03-12|title=alhaji yerima shettima president arewa youth consultative Forum aycf 2023 clamouring for Southern president greedy selfish|url=https://sunnewsonline.com/alhaji-yerima-shettima-president-arewa-youth-consultative-forum-aycf-2023-clamouring-for-southern-president-greedy-selfish/|access-date=2022-03-12|website=sunnewsonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> == Political career == Yerima Usman Shettima begin his politics as a first National Vice Chairman for the North East of the Democratic Party for a people's federation (DPPF) with lead by professor Wale Soyinka. In 2011 Shettima became vice president candidate of the Liberal Democratic Party Of Nigeria (LDPN). He also contested for the House of Representatives [[kaduna]] [[North]] in 2019. He became the presidential Candidate under (YDP) in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-09-01|title=arewa Youths demand inclusion of yerima shettima in tinubu cabinet|url=https://vanguardngr.com/2023/09/arewa-youths-demand-inclusion-of-yerima-shettima-in-tinubu-cabinet/|access-date=2023-09-01|website=Vanguard.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> == Activism == Yerima Usman Shettima an activist has literally seen.it all, in the fierce battle to consign millitary to the barracks,and pave the way for the current democratic dispensation. He has on many occasions been a guest to the Directorate of Security Service (DSS) and police cells for standing up for democracy, equal rights freedom and justice in Nigeria. Along the line many other prisoners of conscience like Yerima, who were detained by the junta died incarceration. Few, including Yerima, survived this onslaught by the military, in the form of caging the voice of reasoning. == Personal life == Yerima Usman Shettima is married with two Wife's Hajiya Halima Shettima and Hajiya Fatima Shettima and bless with Children's.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-12-22|title=why marriages crash very fast fati ladan|url=https://blueprint.ng/why-marriages-crash-very-fast-fati-ladan/|access-date=2023-12-22|website=blueprint.ng|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-30|title=why my marriage successful fati ladan|url=https://blueprint.ng/why-my-marriage-successful-fati-ladan/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=blueprint.ng|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Awards and recognition == * Honorary Award - Ijaw youth Development Association.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-11-02|title=yerima shettima the making of an activist|url=https://politicstoday.ng/yerima-shettima-the-making-of-an-activist/|access-date=2018-11-01|website=politicstoday.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> * Centre for Resolution and NGo promoting peace and unity.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-01-02|title=development in cooking gas industry|url=https://leadership.ng/ngos-unveil-nominees-f/|access-date=2023-07-10|website=leadership.ng|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Icon of peace and conflict. * Global Forum for peace justice and Human rights Ambassador for peace.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-08-10|title=NGo unveil nominees for global peace Humanitarian awards 2023|url=https://leadership.ng/ngo-unveil-nominees-for-global-peace-humanitarian-awards-2023/|access-date=2023-08-10|website=leadership.ng|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Per ASPERAAD Astra certificate of honour, legion of eminent personalities in Africa. * International youth peace [[Tourism]] Ambassador Ijaw monitoring Group (IMG).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-31|title=arewa massob pact how deal will protect igbo in the north yerima shettima|url=https://vanguardngr.com/2020/08/arewa-massob-pact-how-deal-will-protect-igbo-in-the-north-yerima-shettima-/amp/|access-date=2020-08-31|website=Vanguard.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> == Title == * Jarman Lagos<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-07-19|title=Arewa chief ask dss to release sarkin hausawa|url=https://leadership.ng/arewa-chief-ask-dss-to-release-sarkin-hausawa-/|access-date=2023-07-19|website=leadership.ng|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Omeudo Ndigbo by Obi Eziokwundigbo of Mushin Land.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-07-18|title=emefiele arewa leader in South wife detained by dss relatives protest|url=https://dailytrus.com/emefiele-arewa-leader-in-south-wife-detained-by-dss-relatives-protest/|access-date=2023-07-18|website=Dailytrust|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:1974 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:People from Kaduna State]] [[Category:Nigerian activists]] 8s8u7cbbqg0jjchezhlrdypup3m0dv4 0 1104910 10368160 9764728 2025-07-02T19:49:13Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ US-EN 10368160 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = Echo Logo.svg | caption = | genre = {{Plainlist| * [[Action-adventure fiction|Action-adventure]] * [[Crime fiction|Crime]]<!-- Per https://directories.wga.org/project/1248229/echo-2023 --> * [[Superhero fiction|Superhero]] }} | based_on = [[Marvel Comics]] | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Alaqua Cox]] * [[Chaske Spencer]] * [[Tantoo Cardinal]] * [[Charlie Cox]] * [[Devery Jacobs]] * [[Zahn McClarnon]] * [[Cody Lightning]] * [[Graham Greene (actor)|Graham Greene]] * [[Vincent D'Onofrio]] }} | theme_music_composer = | music = [[Dave Porter (composer)|Dave Porter]] | country = United States | language = {{Plainlist| * English * [[American Sign Language]] * [[Choctaw language|Choctaw]] }} | num_seasons = 1 | num_episodes = 5 | list_episodes = | executive_producer = {{Plainlist| * [[Kevin Feige]] * [[Stephen Broussard]] * [[Louis D'Esposito]] * [[Brad Winderbaum]] * [[Victoria Alonso]] * [[Richie Palmer]] * [[Marion Dayre]] * [[Jason Gavin (writer)|Jason Gavin]] * [[Sydney Freeland]] }} | producer = | location = [[Atlanta metropolitan area]] | cinematography = {{Plainlist| * [[Kira Kelly]] * Magdalena Gorka }} | editor = {{Plainlist| * [[Chris McCaleb]] * Joel Pashby * Amelia Allwarden * Shelby Hall * Tania Goding }} | camera = | runtime = 37–51 minutes | company = [[Marvel Studios]] | budget = | network = {{Plainlist| * [[Disney+]] * [[Hulu]] }} | released = {{Start date|2024|1|9}} | related = {{Plainlist| * ''[[Hawkeye (miniseries)|Hawkeye]]'' * ''[[Daredevil: Born Again]]'' * [[List of Marvel Cinematic Universe television series|Marvel Cinematic Universe television series]] }} | opentheme = | endtheme = }} '''''Echo''''' is an American TV miniseries that is part of the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] (MCU). Based on the [[Marvel Comics]] character [[Echo (Marvel Comics)|of the same name]], the series was released on [[Disney+]] and [[Hulu]] on January 9, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Clark|first=Laura|date=2023-11-03|title=‘Echo’ Trailer Reveals Major Marvel Firsts: TV-MA Rating, Simultaneous Hulu Debut and Native American and Deaf Lead|url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/echo-trailer-marvel-hulu-rating-release-date-1235778785/|access-date=2024-05-05|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> It is the tenth MCU TV series to be produced by [[Marvel Studios]]. It stars [[Alaqua Cox]] as Maya Lopez / Echo. The series got mixed to positive reviews. == References == <references /> == Other websites == * {{Official website|https://www.marvel.com/tv-shows/echo/1}} * {{IMDb title|id=13966962}} {{Marvel Cinematic Universe|selected=Movies}} {{Marvel Comics live-action TV}} {{Disney+ original series}} [[Category:2024 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2024 American television series endings]] [[Category:American television spin-offs]] [[Category:Disney+ original television series]] [[Category:Hulu original series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:Marvel Cinematic Universe television series]] [[Category:Superhero television shows]] netja6rq0eoh0779qrezvcqfjzeiz4d 3 1104961 10367603 10367450 2025-07-02T12:25:53Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 Notification: listing at [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] of [[Yerima Usman Shettima]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367603 wikitext text/x-wiki ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Enyi Ben-Eboh== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Enyi Ben-Eboh]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2024/Enyi Ben-Eboh]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 16:41, 5 May 2024 (UTC) :the article has a reliable source and he is notable there is not promotion. [[User:Bamalli01|Bamalli01]] ([[User talk:Bamalli01#top|talk]]) 17:58, 5 May 2024 (UTC) ::Please comment on the discussion page, not here. Please explain why the sources are reliable, not promotional, and show "significant coverage" of the person (on this discussion page, not here). Thanks! [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 18:10, 5 May 2024 (UTC) == Keep == All reference are from reliable source Ben Eboh is the Nigerian 29th president of the Nigerian Institute of architects [[User:Bamalli01|Bamalli01]] ([[User talk:Bamalli01#top|talk]]) 18:29, 5 May 2024 (UTC) :Copied to the AFD for you, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 18:29, 5 May 2024 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Victoria Akai== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Victoria Akai]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Victoria Akai}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 16:35, 10 May 2024 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Victoria Akai== <s><div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Victoria Akai]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2024/Victoria Akai]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 12:33, 11 May 2024 (UTC)</s> :Hi, Please disregard this message, The first AFD is still open and can be found at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2024/Victoria Akai]], Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 12:43, 11 May 2024 (UTC) :Sir Victoria Akai was a Nigerian management expert and also director general Abuja chamber of commerce. He is notable. [[User:Bamalli01|Bamalli01]] ([[User talk:Bamalli01#top|talk]]) 12:43, 11 May 2024 (UTC) == Keep == It has a reliable source and it notable all the references are from reliable source [[User:Bamalli01|Bamalli01]] ([[User talk:Bamalli01#top|talk]]) 12:40, 11 May 2024 (UTC) :I have use all the criteria for creating an article she's notable and has a reliable source what else. [[User:Bamalli01|Bamalli01]] ([[User talk:Bamalli01#top|talk]]) 12:50, 11 May 2024 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Dele Kelvin Oye== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Dele Kelvin Oye]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Dele Kelvin Oye}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 19:11, 21 May 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Yerima Usman Shettima== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Yerima Usman Shettima]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Yerima Usman Shettima}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 10:31, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Yerima Usman Shettima== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Yerima Usman Shettima]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yerima Usman Shettima]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:25, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 9190ed391is1jtwvrfdvf0uwiaiync3 0 1105174 10368249 9811469 2025-07-02T20:50:47Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C releasing dates 10368249 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = | caption = | genre = {{Plainlist| * [[Dark comedy]] * [[Superhero fiction|Superhero]] }} | creator = [[Jac Schaeffer]] | based_on = {{Based on|[[Agatha Harkness]]|[[Stan Lee]]|[[Jack Kirby]]}} | developer = | writer = | director = | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Kathryn Hahn]] * [[Aubrey Plaza]] * [[Joe Locke (actor)|Joe Locke]] * [[Patti LuPone]] * [[Sasheer Zamata]] * [[Ali Ahn]] * [[Debra Jo Rupp]] * Miles Gutierrez-Riley }} | theme_music_composer = | composer = [[Christophe Beck]] | country = United States | language = English | num_seasons = | num_episodes = | list_episodes = | executive_producer = {{Plainlist| * [[Kevin Feige]] * [[Louis D'Esposito]] * [[Victoria Alonso]] * [[Brad Winderbaum]] * Jac Schaeffer }} | producer = | location = {{Plainlist| * [[Atlanta, Georgia]] * [[Los Angeles]] }} | cinematography = {{Plainlist| * Caleb Heymann * Jon Chema * Isiah Donté Lee }} | editor = | camera = | runtime = | company = {{Plainlist| * [[Marvel Studios]] * [[20th Television]] }} | budget = | network = [[Disney+]] | first_aired = {{Start date|2024|09|18}} | last_aired = {{End date|2024|10|30}} | related = {{Plainlist| * ''[[WandaVision]]'' * [[List of Marvel Cinematic Universe television series|Marvel Cinematic Universe television series]] }} | opentheme = | endtheme = }} '''''Agatha All Along'''''<ref name="Title">{{cite web |last=Kit |first=Borys |title='Agatha All Along' Is the Official Title of Marvel’s 'WandaVision' Spinoff (No, Really) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/agatha-all-along-official-title-wandavision-spinoff-1235899372/ |website=The Hollywood Reporter |accessdate=May 15, 2024 |date=May 14, 2024}}</ref> is an American TV miniseries that is part of the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] (MCU). Based on the [[Marvel Comics]] character [[Agatha Harkness]], the series was released on [[Disney+]] in 2024. [[Kathryn Hahn]] stars as Harkness, returning from ''[[WandaVision]]'' (2021).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Otterson|first=Joe|date=October 7, 2021|title='WandaVision' Spinoff Starring Kathryn Hahn in the Works at Disney Plus (EXCLUSIVE)|url=https://variety.com/2021/tv/news/wandavision-spinoff-kathryn-hahn-1235082445/|access-date=May 6, 2024|website=Variety}}</ref> It is produced by [[Marvel Studios]]. The miniseries was ran on September 18 to October 30, 2024.<ref name="Title" /> == References == <references /> == Other websites == * {{Official website|https://www.marvel.com/tv-shows/agatha/1}} * {{IMDb title|id=15571732}} {{Marvel Cinematic Universe|selected=Movies}} {{Marvel Comics live-action TV}} {{Disney+ original series}} [[Category:2020s American comedy television series]] [[Category:2024 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2024 American television series endings]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:American television spin-offs]] [[Category:Disney+ original television series]] [[Category:Marvel Cinematic Universe television series]] d3ebwjo7tmf11u5pcgl82hfw7spvnt7 0 1105939 10368011 10346799 2025-07-02T17:52:32Z Abrahamdsl 384894 10368011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox epidemic | name = Rabies cases in the Philippines | image = | caption = | disease = [[Rabies]] | virus_strain = [[Rabies virus]] | location = [[Philippines]] | origin = [[Asia]] (cases mostly) | first_case = [[Luzon]] | arrival_date = Every year | source = [[dog]]s, [[cat]]s, [[bat]]s | confirmed_cases = 169 (as of January 2024) | recovered = 0 | suspected_cases = 50 | severe_cases = 30 | deaths = 55 (as of May 2025) }} The number of '''rabies cases in the Philippines''' is higher than most other countries in the world. [[Rabies]] is [[Endemic (epidemiology)|endemic]] to [[Philippines|the Philippines]], and only five other countries have a higher number of rabies cases.<ref>https://outbreaknewstoday.substack.com/p/philippines-reports-decrease-in-human</ref> ==Cases== {{Main|Rabies endemic}} Cases of rabies have been increasing since 1998. The number of [[Rabies in humans|rabies cases]] in the Philippines increased between 2013 and 2023. As of 2017, there were around 400 human deaths from rabies each year.<ref>https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1115700</ref> ===Luzon=== In late April 2024, in the municipality of Boac and Gasan, [[Marinduque]] province, there have been reported cases of rabies a rabid dog had bitten a cattle at the farm in Boac, The animal authority control culled a infected mammals such as cattles and pigs. ==Mass vaccination== {{Main|Rabies vaccine}} There is an ongoing{{citation needed}} anti-rabies mass [[vaccination]] program in the Philippines which provides free rabies vaccines. There are various brands of rabies vaccine, including: Verorab, Rabipur, Vaxirab N, Speeda, Abhayrab, and RabAvert. More than 3,000 rabies patients are treated daily at the San Lazaro Hospital in Manila. ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Rabies]] [[Category:2010s in the Philippines]] [[Category:2020s in the Philippines]] 57aos4loc1sajaupviioyymr4rhs84d 10368019 10368011 2025-07-02T17:56:17Z Abrahamdsl 384894 10368019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox epidemic | name = Rabies cases in the Philippines | image = | caption = | disease = [[Rabies]] | virus_strain = [[Rabies virus]] | location = [[Philippines]] | origin = [[Asia]] (cases mostly) | first_case = [[Luzon]] | arrival_date = Every year | source = [[dog]]s, [[cat]]s, [[bat]]s | confirmed_cases = 426 (2024) <ref name="rabies_2024">https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2044420/doh-records-426-deaths-due-to-rabies-in-2024</ref> | recovered = 0 | suspected_cases = 50 | severe_cases = 30 | deaths = 55 (as of May 2025){{citation needed}}, 426 (2024) <ref name="rabies_2024" /> }} The number of '''rabies cases in the Philippines''' is higher than most other countries in the world. [[Rabies]] is [[Endemic (epidemiology)|endemic]] to [[Philippines|the Philippines]], and only five other countries have a higher number of rabies cases.<ref>https://outbreaknewstoday.substack.com/p/philippines-reports-decrease-in-human</ref> ==Cases== {{Main|Rabies endemic}} Cases of rabies have been increasing since 1998. The number of [[Rabies in humans|rabies cases]] in the Philippines increased between 2013 and 2023. As of 2017, there were around 400 human deaths from rabies each year.<ref>https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1115700</ref> ===Luzon=== In late April 2024, in the municipality of Boac and Gasan, [[Marinduque]] province, there have been reported cases of rabies a rabid dog had bitten a cattle at the farm in Boac, The animal authority control culled a infected mammals such as cattles and pigs. ==Mass vaccination== {{Main|Rabies vaccine}} There is an ongoing{{citation needed}} anti-rabies mass [[vaccination]] program in the Philippines which provides free rabies vaccines. There are various brands of rabies vaccine, including: Verorab, Rabipur, Vaxirab N, Speeda, Abhayrab, and RabAvert. More than 3,000 rabies patients are treated daily at the San Lazaro Hospital in Manila. ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Rabies]] [[Category:2010s in the Philippines]] [[Category:2020s in the Philippines]] atefxwcxmnsyfyygu4sbn9vx6v02ces 10368103 10368019 2025-07-02T19:03:08Z Cyberbot I 224035 Dating maintenance tags (bot edit) ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10368103 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox epidemic | name = Rabies cases in the Philippines | image = | caption = | disease = [[Rabies]] | virus_strain = [[Rabies virus]] | location = [[Philippines]] | origin = [[Asia]] (cases mostly) | first_case = [[Luzon]] | arrival_date = Every year | source = [[dog]]s, [[cat]]s, [[bat]]s | confirmed_cases = 426 (2024) <ref name="rabies_2024">https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2044420/doh-records-426-deaths-due-to-rabies-in-2024</ref> | recovered = 0 | suspected_cases = 50 | severe_cases = 30 | deaths = 55 (as of May 2025){{fact|date=July 2025}}, 426 (2024) <ref name="rabies_2024" /> }} The number of '''rabies cases in the Philippines''' is higher than most other countries in the world. [[Rabies]] is [[Endemic (epidemiology)|endemic]] to [[Philippines|the Philippines]], and only five other countries have a higher number of rabies cases.<ref>https://outbreaknewstoday.substack.com/p/philippines-reports-decrease-in-human</ref> ==Cases== {{Main|Rabies endemic}} Cases of rabies have been increasing since 1998. The number of [[Rabies in humans|rabies cases]] in the Philippines increased between 2013 and 2023. As of 2017, there were around 400 human deaths from rabies each year.<ref>https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1115700</ref> ===Luzon=== In late April 2024, in the municipality of Boac and Gasan, [[Marinduque]] province, there have been reported cases of rabies a rabid dog had bitten a cattle at the farm in Boac, The animal authority control culled a infected mammals such as cattles and pigs. ==Mass vaccination== {{Main|Rabies vaccine}} There is an ongoing{{fact|date=July 2025}} anti-rabies mass [[vaccination]] program in the Philippines which provides free rabies vaccines. There are various brands of rabies vaccine, including: Verorab, Rabipur, Vaxirab N, Speeda, Abhayrab, and RabAvert. More than 3,000 rabies patients are treated daily at the San Lazaro Hospital in Manila. ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Rabies]] [[Category:2010s in the Philippines]] [[Category:2020s in the Philippines]] nowc3jkjowzqyru04nj447eazd290qu 0 1106643 10368890 9598968 2025-07-03T03:52:38Z NicholasHui 862041 10368890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox station | name = {{SMRT Infobox Colour | enname = Siglap | zhname = 实乞纳 | taname = சிக்லாப் | msname = Siglap | line = Thomson-East Coast | line2 = | line3 = | code = {{SMRT code|TE|28}} | terminicode = }} | type = [[Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)|Mass Rapid Transit]] (MRT) station | address = 1000 Marine Parade Road <br> Singapore 449969 | owned = [[Land Transport Authority]] | operator = [[SMRT Trains|SMRT Trains Ltd]] ([[SMRT Corporation]]) | lines = {{rail color box|system=SMRT|line=Thomson-East Coast}} | bicycle = Yes | Structure type = Underground | services = {{Adjacent stations |system=SMRT |line=Thomson-East Coast |left=Marine Terrace |right=Bayshore |type=TEL4 }} }} '''Siglap MRT station''' (TE28) is a underground [[Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)|Mass Rapid Transit]] Station on the [[Thomson–East Coast MRT line|Thomson-East Coast Line]]. The station is located along Marine Parade Road in Siglap, a neighborhood in the [[Bedok]] planning area, Singapore. Siglap MRT station is part of Stage 4, which has stations from Tanjong Rhu to Bayshore. The station opened on 23 June 2024, with other stations on Stage 4 together. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Correspondent|first=Lee Nian TjoeSenior Transport|date=2024-03-05|title=TEL Stage 4 from Tanjong Rhu to Bayshore to open for passenger service on June 23|language=en|work=The Straits Times|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/tel-stage-4-from-tanjong-rhu-to-bayshore-to-open-for-passenger-service-on-june-23|access-date=2024-05-12|issn=0585-3923}}</ref> Places that are near the station are Victoria School and St. Andrew's Autism Centre. ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations]] 1hpg2yynuhwz54t79y2yduxsfpqxfuj 2 1111287 10367942 10360055 2025-07-02T17:06:02Z Davey2010 314522 Logging quick deletion nomination of [[The Voice UK]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367942 wikitext text/x-wiki This is a log of all [[WP:QD|quick deletion]] nominations made by this user using [[WP:TW|Twinkle]]'s QD module. If you no longer wish to keep this log, you can turn it off using the [[Wikipedia:Twinkle/Preferences|preferences panel]], and nominate this page for speedy deletion under [[WP:QD#U1|QD U1]]. === June 2024 === # [[:Frog Dodgers]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 10:46, 2 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Collin Vejier]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|2001:1C00:190:9B00:8050:FABF:302D:4E82}} 11:20, 2 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:James Bond (group)]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 12:05, 2 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Skibidi Toilet]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}) 17:46, 2 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Edinburgh]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}) 12:05, 3 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Annastasia Victory]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 18:30, 3 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:List of programs broadcast by Sprout]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 10:48, 4 June 2024 (UTC) (Recreated and redirected to [[List of programs broadcast by Universal Kids]]) # [[:List of programs broadcast by Universal Kids (block)]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 19:33, 4 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:List of programs broadcast by Qubo (block)]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 19:35, 4 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:List of programs broadcast by PBS Kids (block)]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 19:39, 4 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Skibidi Toilet]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}) 16:18, 5 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Frog Dodgers]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 19:57, 5 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Dravida Nadu]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:01, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:South India]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:02, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Indo-Islamic architecture]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:02, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Ghurid dynasty]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:02, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Multan]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:02, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Principality]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:02, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Sayyid dynasty]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:03, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Khilji dynasty]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:03, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Islam in Delhi]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:03, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Islam in Afghanistan]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:03, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Islam in Russia]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:03, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Islam in Austria]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:03, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Chinese Muslims]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:04, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Islam in the United Arab Emirates]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:04, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Muslim world]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:04, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:English Muslims]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:04, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Palestinian Muslims]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:04, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Uyghur people]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:04, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Islam in Saudi Arabia]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:04, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Islam in North Macedonia]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:04, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Tibetan Muslims]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:04, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Islam in Niger]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:05, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Islam in Mauritania]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:05, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Gilgit Baltistan Legislative Assembly]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:05, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Dan Savage]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:05, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Bisexual]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:06, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Banga Sena]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:06, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Shanti Bahini]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:06, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Chittagong Hill Tracts]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:06, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Parbatya Chattagram Jana Sanghati Samiti]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:06, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Legal]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:07, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Al-Fatiha Foundation]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:07, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:India–Pakistan Border]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:08, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Muslim India]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:08, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Gilgit Baltistan Order 2018]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:08, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:User talk:WAY-T0-GO-WIKIPHEDOIA]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 18:08, 6 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:The Adventures of Baby Miss Piggy]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2601:500:8682:DA90:74E3:50E7:D333:42B}} 11:07, 7 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in Ceylon]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:45, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in Togo]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:45, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in Senegal]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:46, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in Rwanda]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:46, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in the Ivory Coast]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:46, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in Gabon]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:46, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in Ethiopia]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:46, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in China]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:46, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human Rights in the People's Republic of China]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:47, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in Cameroon]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:47, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in Benin]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:47, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Gender Recognition Act 2004]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:47, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Transgender marriage]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:47, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Sadiq Khan]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:47, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Gay rights in Pakistan]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:50, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Bisexual rights in Pakistan]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:50, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in Zanzibar]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:51, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in Singapore]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:51, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in Hindustan]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:51, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in the Sultanate of Oman]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:52, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in Niger]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:52, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in the Islamic Republic of The Gambia]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:52, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Flag of East Turkestan]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:52, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in Saudi Arabia]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:53, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in Iran]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:53, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in the Republic of China]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:53, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in Jordan]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:53, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in Kashmir]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:53, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in Georgia (country)]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:54, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in Kosovo]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:54, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in Tatarstan]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:55, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in East Turkestan]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:55, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:55, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in Algeria]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:55, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in Bangladesh]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:55, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in Bahrain]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:55, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in Armenia]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:55, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in Albania]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:55, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in Palestine]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:56, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Mewing]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:58, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:List of Paramount Pictures films (1912–1919)]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 19:50, 14 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:The Adventures of Baby Miss Piggy]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2601:500:8682:DA90:B184:4B13:B89C:AE17}} 11:10, 15 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Fifteenth Doctor]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}) 16:00, 16 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Last Man Standing (U.S. TV series)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}) 16:00, 16 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:The Woman Who Fell to Earth (Doctor Who)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}) 16:01, 16 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:The Star Beast (Doctor Who)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}) 16:01, 16 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:The Eleventh Hour (Doctor Who)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}) 16:04, 16 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Rose (Doctor Who)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}) 16:04, 16 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:The Devil's Chord]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}) 16:07, 16 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Maestro (Doctor Who)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}) 16:07, 16 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:The Power of the Doctor]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}) 16:07, 16 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:The Star Beast]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}) 16:07, 16 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:The Toymaker (Doctor Who)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}) 16:08, 16 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Template:Infobox Doctor Who episode]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}) 16:10, 16 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Fourteenth Doctor]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}) 16:10, 16 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Template:Infobox Doctor Who doctor]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}) 16:10, 16 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Sixteenth Doctor]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}) 16:11, 16 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Showrunner of Doctor Who]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}) 16:11, 16 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Coach Me If You Can]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 16:08, 23 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:User:Davey2010/A2]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 19:22, 24 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:User:Davey2010/R2]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 19:23, 24 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:User:Davey2010/QD log]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 19:24, 24 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Alexander Dennis Enviro500]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 19:51, 27 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Category:Madonna (entertainer) songs]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}) 14:32, 29 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Category:Madonna (entertainer)]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}) 14:40, 29 June 2024 (UTC) === July 2024 === # [[:Talking Pictures TV]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}) 21:01, 1 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Fourteenth Doctor]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 21:59, 2 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Enviro400 MMC]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 16:34, 3 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Alexander Dennis Enviro400 MMC]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 17:18, 3 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Dover]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 16:20, 4 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Aylesford]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 16:20, 4 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Aylesford (disambiguation)]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 19:51, 4 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Loki (Marvel Comics)]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}) 15:11, 5 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Sheikh Rasheed Ahmad]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|37.111.138.83}} 10:21, 8 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Ramphastos]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|2001:569:BBE4:A800:B436:72C9:E9B0:ADBE}} 10:21, 8 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Nana boro]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|2600:8800:4193:2100:F13B:6CF9:A7FD:A541}} 10:21, 8 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Shorts in a Bunch (2007 TV show)]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 17:34, 9 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Leopold Frankenberger]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|2A00:F41:2C33:244A:95F9:4DC6:1BB4:93BF}} 22:21, 9 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:EmiTQM]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|201.174.71.61}} 17:27, 10 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Davide Garbolino]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Asuka2001}} 22:40, 10 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:David Xanatos]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|198.200.115.29}} 22:40, 10 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Astro (television)]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 00:42, 11 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Marie rahim]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|165.117.233.4}} 14:30, 11 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Ashutosh Jadhav]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Ashutosh5577}} 14:31, 11 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Keerthy Suresh]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|27.4.237.119}} 14:32, 11 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:The howling]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|2A00:23C7:E808:F801:2CF7:8805:7E5B:A594}} 14:33, 11 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Battle of Baltimore]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|2401:4900:1CB8:641B:88AF:9A3A:FB7A:9CC4}} 15:33, 11 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Minister of State for Development and Africa]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|178.16.1.117}} 15:33, 11 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Endor (Star Wars)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|2601:2C6:500:5300:614F:BCC1:4E39:C286}} 17:19, 11 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Imran Momina]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Gul Lala Ji}} 19:16, 11 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Bailey-Ann Best]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|159.196.185.58}} 21:31, 11 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Kingdom of Koya]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 23:44, 11 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Yus]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}) 21:56, 16 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Eirewave]]: [[WP:QD#G8|CSD G8]] ({{tl|db-talk}}) 12:38, 17 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:SpongeBob SquarePants (season 6)]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 19:44, 17 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:M.I. High]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|201.162.236.22}} 22:01, 17 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Being Ian]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|201.162.236.22}} 22:02, 17 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:The Aquabats! Super Show!]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|201.162.236.22}} 22:05, 17 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Action Dad]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|201.162.236.22}} 22:05, 17 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Stranded: Alien Dawn]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|201.162.236.22}} 22:06, 17 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Alien Dawn]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|201.162.236.22}} 22:08, 17 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Category:Television series about teenagers]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}) 22:12, 17 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:The Amazing Extraordinary Friends]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|201.162.236.22}} 22:28, 17 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:The Amazing Extraordinary Friends]]: [[WP:QD#G8|CSD G8]] ({{tl|db-talk}}) 22:28, 17 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Marie rahim]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|165.117.233.4}} 13:56, 18 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Template:EastEnders]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 12:12, 19 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Template:EastEnders characters]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 12:35, 19 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Clarkston Consulting]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|M0296}} 19:12, 19 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:M.I. High]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|2806:250:14C:B6DA:4009:3A2:61A5:CD53}} 21:47, 19 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:M.I. High]]: [[WP:QD#G8|CSD G8]] ({{tl|db-talk}}) 21:47, 19 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:SpongeBob SquarePants (season 14)]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 16:42, 20 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:List of Peppa Pig episodes]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 17:48, 20 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:List of SpongeBob SquarePants cast members]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 21:20, 20 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Jugia]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2806:250:14C:B6DA:4009:3A2:61A5:CD53}} 18:38, 21 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Category:SvFF player template using fid parameter]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 13:29, 22 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Category:Sports external link templates parameter issues]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 13:32, 22 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Category:Pages using a sports template incorrectly]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 13:32, 22 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Category:Sports and games Wikipedia administration]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 13:59, 22 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Template:Module:Location map/data/Philippines Sorsogon]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 14:22, 22 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:One-China policy]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}) 19:05, 23 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:User:Davey2010/xfdcloser2.js]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 17:36, 25 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Jonathan Roberts (writer)]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}); notified {{user|Dkavoq}} 16:15, 30 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:View Source]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|93.117.187.7}} 15:19, 31 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:I will punch Loki Laufeyson in the face]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}) 17:53, 31 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:John Morris]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 21:49, 31 July 2024 (UTC) === August 2024 === # [[:4Music]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}); notified {{user|80.194.73.126}} 11:40, 5 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:Beauty of the beat]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|94.196.250.182}} 15:25, 6 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:List of Teletubbies episodes and videos]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|75.167.7.30}} 00:23, 7 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:Can someone kill elon musk and get the twitter bird back do not kill the twitter bird please kill elon musk thats bad to change the twitter bird to a ugly "X" call (364)-3756-39-02]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|Bopbop222}} 18:23, 8 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:Dipr]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|Bopbop222}} 18:23, 8 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:Bubbles Utonium]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|92.16.57.25}} 10:21, 10 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:Baron Samedi]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|2605:B100:11E:67B0:4111:B32A:C919:D679}} 01:24, 13 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:FremantleMedia]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#G1|G1]], [[WP:QD#G3|G3]]) 10:42, 13 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:2025 Formula One World Championship]]: [[WP:QD#G8|CSD G8]] ({{tl|db-talk}}) 10:45, 13 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:Alice Rothchild]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|SofiaMatson}} 16:56, 13 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:Younes Bashiri]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Bashiri80}} 18:01, 13 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:Vahid Mousavi]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Bashiri80}} 18:02, 13 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:List of Dexter's Laboratory episodes]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|2603:6082:9600:4F:ACB7:39BD:3EF:8C55}} 19:28, 13 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:John Rossman]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|BigBetRossman}} 19:32, 13 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:Intercontinental]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2.98.119.86}} 19:35, 13 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:Survivor 48]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}); notified {{user|47.55.237.217}} 20:03, 13 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:Neurobehavioral therapy]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Neuro Behavior}} 20:11, 13 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:Mukul Kumar Mk Singh]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|2409:40E4:1001:106A:C828:4AFF:FE76:6254}} 20:13, 13 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:Youngboi OG]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Travisyoung14}} 20:37, 13 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:User:Davey2010/Wikipedia:RedWarn/changelog]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 17:32, 14 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:Military coups in India]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}); notified {{user|2409:40D4:100A:BE23:5E6:3C50:37E8:9B7B}} 18:50, 14 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:Almal Real Estate Development]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|SittuPol}} 00:43, 18 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:Jesse Spencer]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|72.47.124.176}} 12:35, 21 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:President of China]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 00:15, 25 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:Karan Singh (Giant)]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|31.188.12.196}} 16:33, 26 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:Madagascar 4]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2A02:C7C:A506:4100:2835:71D7:E376:4D5F}} 21:10, 27 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Domestic goat]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|2600:1700:13BF:8C0:810F:9FE0:CB33:69C0}} 21:36, 28 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:Soviet Ukraine]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|2001:D08:2188:4A28:346C:44B3:AECC:CB2A}} 17:43, 29 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:Lockheed Corporation]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 21:37, 29 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:Agar.io]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Ігнат Лостюк}} 15:55, 31 August 2024 (UTC) === September 2024 === # [[:User:12gokinmk/sandbox]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 19:30, 1 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:User:12gokinmk]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 19:30, 1 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:User:Sugi moyo/Rudeus Greyrat]]: {{tl|QD}}; notified {{user|Sugi moyo}} 19:38, 1 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:User:Gk0094/Sandbox]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 23:21, 1 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:User:Alanwhite12/Ario Nahavandi]]: {{tl|QD}}; notified {{user|2A02:6B68:3909:0:61E3:6541:37D1:558B}} 23:31, 1 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:User:Hariharan Selvaraj G]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Hariharan Selvaraj G}} 23:33, 1 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:User:SignInError]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|SignInError}} 00:00, 2 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Baeby Smashley li]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|Takbaj Dasi}} 17:15, 3 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:It's Been A While (Song) (disambiguation)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|Takbaj Dasi}} 17:15, 3 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:You Never Heard I (Thabiso Rekhotso Album)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|Thabiso Andre Rekhotso}} 17:16, 3 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2024/Thabiso Rekhotso]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 17:17, 3 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Thabiso Rekhotso]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 17:17, 3 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:It's Been A While (Song)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|Takbaj Dasi}} 17:19, 3 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Category:Thabiso Rekhotso songs]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|Takbaj Dasi}} 17:20, 3 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Template:Thabiso Rekhotso]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|Takbaj Dasi}} 17:21, 3 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Thabiso Rekhotso discography]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|Takbaj Dasi}} 17:21, 3 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Cash Global-Brainstorm Records]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|Takbaj Dasi}} 17:27, 3 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Thabiso (given name)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|Thabiso Andre Rekhotso}} 18:43, 3 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Thabiso (given name)]]: [[WP:QD#G8|CSD G8]] ({{tl|db-talk}}) 18:54, 4 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Category:LDV]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 16:11, 5 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:User talk:Mr. Ibrahem/Mpox]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 18:15, 5 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Category talk:Thabiso Rekhotso songs]]: [[WP:QD#G8|CSD G8]] ({{tl|db-talk}}) 18:16, 5 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Ya Lil (Ramage song)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 19:32, 5 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Alan Scott]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|190.75.185.197}} 14:43, 6 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Vandal Savage]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|190.75.185.197}} 14:44, 6 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Calculator (character)]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|190.75.185.197}} 14:44, 6 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Beauty of the beat]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 18:43, 6 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:The Random World of Stanley Jollo]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 18:59, 6 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:User:The kid loral is gay and i hate him]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}) 00:47, 7 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Goatbummers]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|2604:3D09:A984:F000:31A3:C626:9903:AA0B}} 20:00, 8 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Europa (musical duo)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|31.217.57.173}} 10:54, 14 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Martin Solveig]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|31.217.57.173}} 10:55, 14 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Jonas Blue]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|31.217.57.173}} 10:55, 14 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Joel Corry]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|31.217.57.173}} 10:56, 14 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:James Hype]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|31.217.57.173}} 10:56, 14 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Bob Sinclar]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|31.217.57.173}} 11:01, 14 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Robin Schulz]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|31.217.57.173}} 11:02, 14 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:R3hab]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|31.217.57.173}} 11:02, 14 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Sky Blu (rapper)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|31.217.57.173}} 11:02, 14 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Alok (DJ)]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A3|A3]], [[WP:QD#G3|G3]]); notified {{user|31.217.57.173}} 11:04, 14 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Category:Hey Duggee FBI headquarters]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|31.217.57.173}} 11:06, 14 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Cassö]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}) 12:07, 14 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Peganian]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2600:6C40:7B00:667:604F:C840:E4A8:23E6}} 00:07, 15 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:User talk:Davey2010/Codes]]: [[WP:QD#U1|CSD U1]] ({{tl|db-userreq}}) 21:43, 24 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Murder of Altantuya Shaariibuu]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 18:29, 27 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:List of awards and honours received by Mahathir Mohamad]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 18:29, 27 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Template:Album]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|46.188.238.174}} 17:10, 28 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Template:Album/doc]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|46.188.238.174}} 17:10, 28 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Template:Book]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|46.188.238.174}} 17:10, 28 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Template:Book/doc]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|46.188.238.174}} 17:10, 28 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Template:Character]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|46.188.238.174}} 17:11, 28 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Template:Character/doc]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|46.188.238.174}} 17:11, 28 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Template:Actor/doc]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|46.188.238.174}} 17:11, 28 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Template:Actor]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|46.188.238.174}} 17:11, 28 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Corbridge]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|92.25.114.160}} 21:26, 28 September 2024 (UTC) === October 2024 === # [[:Plaxton Expressliner]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 17:17, 9 October 2024 (UTC) - Note: Originally redirected, deleted in order to create # [[:Template:Diddy Party Invitation]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}) 15:06, 14 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Old Folks at Home]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|2600:1700:1D27:1210:E899:B198:C5C2:A4DB}} 23:54, 21 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Chocolate pengiun]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|159.86.182.5}} 15:21, 22 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Black tetra]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|159.86.182.5}} 15:28, 22 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Fish bites]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|159.86.182.5}} 15:50, 22 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Bard College]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 19:08, 22 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Smiling Critters & Frowning Critters (videogames franchise)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|188.77.92.86}} 19:57, 22 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Template:Infobox delevoper]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}); notified {{user|188.77.92.86}} 19:57, 22 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Frowning Critters Kill the Smiling Critters]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|188.77.92.86}} 19:57, 22 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Simply Almond]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|174.251.164.118}} 18:36, 23 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Jarrell]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|174.251.164.118}} 18:37, 23 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Magic (Pilot song)]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}) 09:15, 24 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Chaos magic]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|143.44.164.126}} 09:17, 24 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:These Days (Powderfinger song)]]: [[WP:QD#G8|CSD G8]] ({{tl|db-talk}}) 09:18, 24 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:These Days (Powderfinger song)]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|143.44.164.126}} 09:18, 24 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Across the Great Divide tour]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|143.44.164.126}} 09:18, 24 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Blank Page]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|143.44.164.126}} 09:23, 24 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Days of Our Lives]]: [[WP:QD#G8|CSD G8]] ({{tl|db-talk}}) 09:24, 24 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Across the Great Divide tour]]: [[WP:QD#G8|CSD G8]] ({{tl|db-talk}}) 09:25, 24 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Potato chip]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}); notified {{user|194.132.34.15}} 10:47, 24 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Goku Black]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|BaconIsBacon}} 15:04, 24 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Kredite Schweiz]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|WeezY88}} 15:05, 24 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Acasă Gold]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|2A02:A58:8117:9E00:55F5:7663:EAE1:D6AD}} 17:22, 25 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Mark Green]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 19:34, 25 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:The Jesus Church "TJC"]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 01:09, 29 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Ramesh Auti]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Wp.ramesh wiki}} 15:44, 29 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Maratha Conquest of Bhadawar and Ater]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}); notified {{user|Shakib ul hassan}} 17:28, 29 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:List of programmes broadcast by MBC Action]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|102.156.75.33}} 19:11, 29 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Dirasat Fil Yahudiat wal Masihiyat wal Adiyanil Hind]]: {{tl|QD}}; notified {{user|103.230.105.22}} 19:19, 29 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Studies in Judaism, Christianity and the Religions of India]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|103.230.104.57}} 19:19, 29 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Damo k]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Spaceteez}} 13:08, 30 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Chan Than San]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Ivan P. Clarin}} 13:08, 30 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Template:Infobox phrase]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 16:04, 30 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2024/Kefas Brand]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 16:21, 30 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Dale L Flesher]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|174.69.74.132}} 19:41, 30 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Prince Moiz Ali Shah]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Times Daily}} 22:12, 30 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Princess Sania Sher]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Times Daily}} 22:12, 30 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Adil Bin Fazal]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Times Daily}} 22:15, 30 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Prince Sameer Shah]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Times Daily}} 22:24, 30 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Aqa of Punial]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Times Daily}} 22:25, 30 October 2024 (UTC) # [[:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2024/Aqa of Punial (2nd nomination)]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 16:56, 31 October 2024 (UTC) === November 2024 === # [[:Fantel (company)]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 17:02, 1 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Anton Polyakov (nutritionist)]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 17:02, 1 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Television Saitama]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|2603:9000:D1F0:3670:E887:E722:ACD2:8BE8}} 00:16, 2 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Lizzie McGuire: Timmy Turner, Cosmo and Wanda's First Day of HillRidge Junior High School: The Movie]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|70.52.22.238}} 19:10, 3 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Muhammad Usman Malik]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|115.186.169.33}} 20:05, 3 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:List of programs distributed by Qubo]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2600:8807:4440:A80:4DC:F90D:79BC:2955}} 17:37, 4 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:List of programs distributed by Qubo]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 17:43, 4 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:List of programs distributed by Qubo (block)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 17:43, 4 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Jesus Adrian SLU]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|2806:10BE:9:377D:20AF:C8B3:1662:608C}} 22:29, 4 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:JuJutsu Kaisen]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|2601:5CC:C800:3E:68CE:B8AF:4E88:4052}} 23:53, 4 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Lil TA]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|WgwagggT}} 23:53, 4 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:List of programs distributed by Qubo]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2600:8807:4440:A80:131:EDEE:1162:EA83}} 12:33, 5 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Kuomitê]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Hen Sil-Mat}} 13:08, 5 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Fish bites]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|159.86.182.6}} 14:12, 5 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2024/Theory of Functional Connections (2nd nomination)]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 15:14, 5 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Homophobia in the United Kingdom]]: {{tl|QD}} 17:57, 5 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Profile of Faiza Khan]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Dr Aqsa Ansari}} 18:23, 6 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Donald Trump wanna poo pooooooo]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|213.64.78.188}} 18:39, 6 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Anton Polyakov (Endocrinologist)]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Zaradka}} 19:22, 6 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Fantel (educational company)]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Zaradka}} 19:22, 6 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:England national football B team]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|2.100.232.79}} 19:23, 6 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Sammy Vite (1995)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|79.53.228.198}} 19:25, 6 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Molang Nareo Mk1]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|79.53.228.198}} 19:59, 6 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Sammy scuola]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|79.53.228.198}} 20:00, 6 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Pretty Boy Floyd]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|99.74.26.194}} 23:08, 6 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:User:Hamid barani]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 17:27, 7 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Henri Delaunay Trophy]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|2001:8F8:1361:41A:1405:A6E:6A5C:69C7}} 19:35, 7 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Jesus Adrian SLU]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|TrollinoOficialPoderXD}} 20:53, 8 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Mexico Countryballs]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|TrollinoOficialPoderXD}} 20:54, 8 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Panda y Pato]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|TrollinoOficialPoderXD}} 20:55, 8 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Rickmansworth]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|2H-Writer}} 23:30, 8 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Serbia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2007]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|Bol21 Jok}} 23:31, 8 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:User talk:Imaryabanerjee]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|197.215.24.115}} 23:32, 8 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:PAF College Chaklala]]: [[WP:QD#G8|CSD G8]] ({{tl|db-talk}}) 16:05, 9 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Wikipedia talk:Requests for deletion/Requests/2024/Jadidi Alireza]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 13:01, 11 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Fanttik]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Contributoroface}} 12:53, 14 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:LB&SCR Class E2 105 Thomas]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2A02:C7E:5ABA:8200:E5BC:B376:2E5F:F645}} 19:19, 14 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Panda And Duck]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 01:40, 15 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Chocolate Pengiun]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 14:13, 20 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Phil Renier]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|PhineasAndFerbFan99}} 12:34, 23 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Islam in India]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 13:33, 27 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Islam in Tatarstan]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 13:33, 27 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Islam in Afghanistan]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 13:33, 27 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Islam in the Caucasus]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 13:33, 27 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Uyghur Muslims]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 13:34, 27 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Islam in Delhi]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 13:34, 27 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:List of national airlines]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 13:34, 27 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Gaba language]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|209.195.248.194}} 16:31, 27 November 2024 (UTC) # [[:Category:Schools in the Republic of Ireland]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|Vermont}} 12:20, 30 November 2024 (UTC) === December 2024 === # [[:List of programs distributed by Qubo]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2600:8807:4440:A80:8955:25A3:F767:DF7B}} 16:24, 1 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Category:Girls schools in Kent]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 16:58, 1 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Category:Schools in Kent by type]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 16:59, 1 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Category:Girls' schools in England]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 16:59, 1 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Category:Single-gender schools in England]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 16:59, 1 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Category:Girls' schools in the United Kingdom]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 16:59, 1 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Category:Girls' schools by country]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 16:59, 1 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Category:Schools in England by type]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 16:59, 1 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Cyber Crime Break Org]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|103.169.215.141}} 19:40, 1 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:CyberPeace Foundation]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|AERCTANGE}} 19:41, 1 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Diamond-Star Motors]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|AERCTANGE}} 19:44, 1 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Ramkripalyadavg YouTuber]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|103.199.180.229}} 17:20, 3 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Spym india]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]) 20:56, 4 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:User:AERCTANGE]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 23:27, 4 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Brian K. Vaughan]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 23:28, 4 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Adrian Alphona]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 23:28, 4 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Terry Moore]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 23:28, 4 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Child actor]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 23:28, 4 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:XNXX (website)]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 23:28, 4 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Przemysław Truściński]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 23:29, 4 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Diamond-Star Motors]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 23:29, 4 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Zoom TV (India)]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 23:29, 4 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Rajat Sharma]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 23:29, 4 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:PRXDUM]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 23:29, 4 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Fish bites]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|Tito11 years}} 14:58, 7 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:McNugget]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|86.18.1.33}} 15:58, 7 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Television Saitama]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|2603:9000:D101:3455:E5E5:1D55:6D1A:965F}} 18:01, 8 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Template:Do not delete pages]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 19:34, 9 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Fish bites]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 19:35, 9 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Template:Foodtaxobox]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 19:35, 9 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Template:Do not delete page]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 19:35, 9 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Polly the Pug]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 22:35, 11 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Ruby Chocolate]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 22:36, 11 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Gingerbread man]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 22:37, 11 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:List of programs broadcast by Pivot]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2600:8807:4440:A80:F54E:6394:E3A6:961B}} 11:42, 13 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:List of programs distributed by Universal Kids]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2600:8807:4440:A80:8551:D4E8:7151:6591}} 11:44, 13 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:List of programs distributed by Universal Kids Preschool]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2600:8807:4440:A80:8542:364E:6F92:7D3C}} 11:46, 13 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Template:List of largest stars row]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 14:45, 16 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Template:List of largest stars row/doc]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 14:45, 16 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Template:Solar radius calculator]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 14:45, 16 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Template:Solar radius calculator/doc]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 14:45, 16 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:List of programs distributed by Sprout]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2600:8807:4440:A80:7063:64B9:C0A9:6D92}} 17:18, 17 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Kahanism]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|142.114.232.94}} 00:50, 18 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Palestinians in Jordan]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A6|A6]], [[WP:QD#G3|G3]]); notified {{user|142.114.232.94}} 00:51, 18 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:History of Jews in Saudi Arabia]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A6|A6]], [[WP:QD#G3|G3]]); notified {{user|142.114.232.94}} 00:53, 18 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Moshe Feiglin]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A6|A6]], [[WP:QD#G3|G3]]); notified {{user|142.114.232.94}} 00:59, 18 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Rolie Polie Olie]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2001:8003:5495:CF00:A102:94A4:6300:5A08}} 01:19, 19 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Guzman y Gomez]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|2001:8003:5495:CF00:7DA9:D72B:B6C4:5C1A}} 01:22, 19 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Las Ketchup]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 01:54, 20 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Category:Women of Latin music]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|2600:4808:9C70:6600:C170:7AE:1778:2B29}} 01:55, 20 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Category:Women in music]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|2600:4808:9C70:6600:C170:7AE:1778:2B29}} 01:56, 20 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Category talk:Women in music]]: [[WP:QD#G8|CSD G8]] ({{tl|db-talk}}) 02:17, 20 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:PolyGram Video: Barney's Magical Musical Adventure (1992 UK VHS)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|75.167.31.0}} 21:21, 23 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Together Again Video Productions: Kidsongs - A Day at Camp (1990 VHS)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|75.167.31.0}} 21:25, 23 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Brentwood Music: Kids Sing Praise Volume 1 (1987 VHS)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|75.167.31.0}} 21:25, 23 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Be My Valentine, Love Barney]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|75.167.31.0}} 21:26, 23 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:October Sky (1999 film)]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}); notified {{user|75.167.31.0}} 21:27, 23 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Season 1: Hansel and Gretel]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|75.167.31.0}} 21:28, 23 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Playing in the Rain]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}); notified {{user|75.167.31.0}} 21:28, 23 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:The Grand Old Duke of Noble York]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}); notified {{user|75.167.31.0}} 21:29, 23 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Ned's Bicycle]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}); notified {{user|75.167.31.0}} 21:29, 23 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Nickelodeon Movies: Dora's Pirate Adventure]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|75.167.31.0}} 21:29, 23 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Let Me Call You Sweetheart]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|75.167.31.0}} 21:30, 23 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Bully for Jody]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}); notified {{user|75.167.31.0}} 21:30, 23 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Barney's Musical Castle]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|75.167.31.0}} 21:30, 23 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Wiggledance! (1997 film)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|75.167.31.0}} 21:33, 23 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Old King Cole]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}); notified {{user|75.167.31.0}} 21:34, 23 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Enrique Mendiola]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Buszmail}} 13:18, 29 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Template:IPA-jpa]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}); notified {{user|Bola Fofa}} 23:28, 29 December 2024 (UTC) === January 2025 === # [[:Talk:The Judgment Day]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 02:07, 1 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Dominik Mysterio]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 02:07, 1 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Because Why? (TV series)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2600:1700:9F83:1800:1D31:E95E:CBB1:F9DB}} 02:26, 2 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Makino film Productions]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|66.216.210.4}} 17:05, 3 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Mass media companies established in 1923]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|66.216.210.4}} 17:07, 3 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Mass media companies established in 2012]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|66.216.210.4}} 17:08, 3 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:American companies established in 1926]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|66.216.210.4}} 17:08, 3 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Mass media companies established in 1928]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|66.216.210.4}} 17:08, 3 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:1987 disestablishments by country]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|66.216.210.4}} 17:10, 3 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:American companies established in 1927]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|66.216.210.4}} 19:38, 3 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:American companies established in 1927]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|66.216.210.4}} 21:30, 3 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Rankin/Bass Animated Entertainment]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|66.216.210.4}} 00:45, 4 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Mass media companies established in 1960]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|66.216.210.4}} 00:46, 4 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Mass media companies established in 1927]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|66.216.210.4}} 00:46, 4 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Cinema Center Films (1967-1972)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|66.216.210.4}} 00:47, 4 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Mass media companies established in 1967]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|66.216.210.4}} 00:47, 4 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Organisation of Muslims in Hungary]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Gerikakoki}} 01:25, 4 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Bulgarian Orthodox Church of Hungary]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Gerikakoki}} 01:33, 4 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|66.216.210.4}} 21:03, 5 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Czech Radio]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|66.216.210.4}} 22:58, 5 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Mass media companies established in 1923]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|66.216.210.4}} 22:58, 5 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Joseph Prince]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|142.114.232.94}} 17:12, 6 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Mandarin Films Ltd.]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|66.216.210.4}} 20:40, 8 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Cinema City Enterprises]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|64.233.226.130}} 20:40, 8 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Czech Radio]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|66.216.210.4}} 20:41, 8 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Blix Tower]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2A02:A03F:6A97:E201:5D1B:4BC7:5A96:F6BD}} 22:11, 8 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Television channels and stations established in 2015]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|66.216.210.4}} 18:24, 9 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Mass media companies disestablished in 2018]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|66.216.210.4}} 18:24, 9 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Mass media companies established in 1979]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|66.216.210.4}} 18:24, 9 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Internet properties disestablished in 1997]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|66.216.210.4}} 18:25, 9 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Internet properties established in 1996]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|66.216.210.4}} 18:26, 9 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of programs distributed by Sprout]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2600:8807:4440:A80:51A9:2134:3CB5:1377}} 16:46, 10 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Guzman y Gomez]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|147.0.99.202}} 18:55, 10 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Carlos A. Rogers]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|147.0.99.202}} 18:56, 10 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Television channels and stations established in 2015]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|66.216.210.4}} 13:55, 12 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Tony Yayo]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|2A00:23C7:D72D:C701:599B:CCA3:1685:CE22}} 22:32, 13 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:2030 in the United States]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|68.107.182.234}} 19:03, 14 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:JFO Star]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|Huhila}} 14:08, 15 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of programs distributed by Sprout]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 16:46, 15 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of programs broadcast by Qubo (block)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2600:8807:4440:A80:470:279F:6566:8AA9}} 16:46, 17 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Kathir senthilkumar]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|206.213.190.42}} 19:18, 17 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Nautiyal (caste)]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|49.204.115.47}} 18:24, 19 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:T Mayu Bogollagama]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G4|G4]]); notified {{user|Sripav}} 19:43, 19 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Video game-related lists]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|Auntof6}} 21:03, 19 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:1887 paintings]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|MrMeAndMrMe}} 21:04, 19 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Crossover role-playing video games]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|MourningRainfall}} 21:04, 19 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Games on Steam]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|QuantumFoam66}} 21:04, 19 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Hack and slash role-playing games]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|MourningRainfall}} 21:05, 19 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Mass media companies established in 2010]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|64.233.226.130}} 21:05, 19 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Mass media in Asia]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|MathXplore}} 21:06, 19 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Paintings by Francesco Filippini]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|Auntof6}} 21:06, 19 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Romance video games]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|MourningRainfall}} 21:06, 19 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Video game industry]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|QuantumFoam66}} 21:06, 19 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Attack of Baghdad (1812)]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 21:10, 19 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Attack of Baghdad (1812)]]: [[WP:QD#R1|CSD R1]] ({{tl|db-redirnone}}) 21:10, 19 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Campaigns of Mir Muhammad Rawandiz]]: [[WP:QD#R1|CSD R1]] ({{tl|db-redirnone}}) 21:11, 19 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Wikipedia sockpuppets of Seen82828]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 21:13, 19 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:TikTok]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|68.107.182.234}} 21:15, 19 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Field marshals of Turkey]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 21:27, 19 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Amazon MGM Studios]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|66.216.210.4}} 17:27, 21 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:User:Technical 13/1CA]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 17:35, 21 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:User:Technical 13/1CA]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 17:36, 21 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Template:Food infobox]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|159.86.182.6}} 17:07, 22 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Black phantom tetra]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 19:36, 22 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Green swordtail]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 19:37, 22 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Xiphophorus]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 19:38, 22 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Green neon tetra]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 19:38, 22 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Livebearers]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 19:38, 22 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Black neon tetra]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 19:38, 22 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Gold Zebra Danio]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 19:39, 22 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Shoaib Noorzai]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Shoaib Noorzai67}} 19:49, 23 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:PBS Kids Sprout]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|168.220.175.128}} 20:13, 23 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Gigglebiz]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2A02:C7E:28D9:FE00:2077:7C68:1C87:2905}} 20:15, 23 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Dan Clancy]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 17:40, 24 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Template:Habesha Community]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 09:59, 25 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Tiny Pop]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2A02:C7E:28D9:FE00:A9A0:B66B:FEB:3487}} 11:02, 25 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Template:Ethiopian-Eritrean Cultural and Historical Community]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 11:06, 25 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Spacetoon]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 15:57, 25 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Wikipedia talk:Privacy Policy And Community Guideline]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 15:57, 25 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Constitution of the People's Republic of China]]: {{tl|QD}}; notified {{user|202.8.119.89}} 16:42, 25 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Izza (singer)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|5.194.164.198}} 16:46, 25 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Glenwood Springs Dance Festival]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|2601:282:1800:6A0:707B:937C:C4E5:CA56}} 16:50, 25 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Total Divas]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|2603:7001:7600:5041:605C:FB23:A721:8D53}} 22:08, 25 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:UTV (TV channel)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2A02:C7E:28D9:FE00:A9A0:B66B:FEB:3487}} 09:17, 26 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of NCIS episodes]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 20:09, 26 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:2026 Formula One World Championship]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|180.74.68.193}} 10:27, 27 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:User:I'll do the API]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 02:14, 28 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:User:DeadMan1995]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 02:14, 28 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:User:Mavenly]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 02:15, 28 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:YouTube Rewind 2018: Everyone Controls Rewind]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 16:24, 28 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Severe thunderstorm watch]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Adelaideslement8723}} 20:51, 28 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:The Fixies]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|2601:2C5:4183:7F80:64C2:415F:27EE:C43B}} 10:17, 30 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Church Slavonic language]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|14.192.214.197}} 11:26, 30 January 2025 (UTC) === February 2025 === # [[:Talk:2016]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 01:16, 1 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:1400]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 01:16, 1 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:305 (number)]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|98.6.121.202}} 01:57, 1 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:179 (number)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|98.6.121.202}} 01:57, 1 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:178 (number)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|98.6.121.202}} 01:57, 1 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:177 (number)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|98.6.121.202}} 01:57, 1 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Ali Azhar D]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Tanocleaqua097}} 02:24, 1 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:MBC 3]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|2600:387:15:13:0:0:0:7}} 15:00, 1 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Template:Audiovisual Communicators]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}) 13:16, 2 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:The Dogs of War]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|174.98.170.14}} 19:40, 2 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:The Odessa File]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|174.98.170.14}} 19:41, 2 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:ABJ Broadcasting Services]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|180.190.41.170}} 01:43, 3 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Capitol Broadcasting Center]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|180.190.41.170}} 11:16, 3 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Apollo Broadcast Investors]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|180.190.41.170}} 11:17, 3 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Yuhrmom]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|2003:C0:2735:5743:4223:55FA:EA27:E664}} 15:27, 3 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Ayam Inyabat]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|2003:C0:2735:5743:4223:55FA:EA27:E664}} 16:20, 3 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Al-Bussiyah]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|2003:C0:2735:5743:4223:55FA:EA27:E664}} 16:21, 3 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Mexico Countryballs]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|Mikecrack77612}} 18:44, 3 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Capitol Broadcasting Center]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|180.190.41.170}} 20:35, 3 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Apollo Broadcast Investors]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 20:36, 3 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Jesus Adrian SLU]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2806:10BE:9:B81A:7710:6B31:D413:7D29}} 00:44, 4 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Buses by manufacturer]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 22:44, 4 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Dafne Keen]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|190.75.171.210}} 02:19, 6 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:MENAFN]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|103.153.66.167}} 02:46, 6 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Mena Report]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|43.249.232.45}} 02:47, 6 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Alexander buses]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|179.109.143.137}} 23:09, 6 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Intercity buses]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}) 01:50, 7 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of programs distributed by Qubo (block)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|174.70.123.64}} 12:23, 9 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Toula Gordillo]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|SyedTayyab560}} 19:58, 9 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:SuperMarioLogan]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|2600:1700:15D7:5810:BF4A:8781:6F57:76B6}} 02:20, 12 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Marilao]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 13:09, 12 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:How to Pair Dishes With a Joven Tequila]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|2600:1009:B06E:DED7:3003:29D4:16B7:99D1}} 16:06, 12 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Secretary of Outer Space]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|2600:1009:B06E:DED7:3003:29D4:16B7:99D1}} 16:06, 12 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Kuhnashahir incident]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|185.84.70.216}} 16:20, 12 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/DimlightBot]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|12.55.225.206}} 17:20, 14 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:User:Justin Bieber is a nazi]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|Justin Bieber is a nazi}} 03:15, 15 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Total Divas]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|2603:7001:76F0:9160:3835:A036:8873:ED13}} 08:50, 15 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:The Night (The Amazing World of Gumball)]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|LineBoyd}} 21:16, 16 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Starz (British Television Network)]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|LineBoyd}} 21:21, 16 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:StarzEncore (British Television Network)]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|LineBoyd}} 21:21, 16 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Hanna-Barbera Studios Europe]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|LineBoyd}} 21:21, 16 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Nick Jr. Toons]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}); notified {{user|2600:1700:D480:A020:30C9:8741:6C5D:22EC}} 21:24, 16 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Gypsy beats]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|61.7.159.162}} 00:20, 19 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Foku Me]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|61.7.159.162}} 00:22, 19 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:CHILLY GYPSY]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|61.7.159.162}} 00:23, 19 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:VDL Groep]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}) 15:38, 19 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Khatare Massacre (1832)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|2A02:908:1C41:2340:7DCE:CA75:3DA7:CF8E}} 21:56, 19 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Khatare Massacre (1832)]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|2A02:908:1C41:2340:7DCE:CA75:3DA7:CF8E}} 22:07, 19 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Template:Former schools in Hampshire]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 12:02, 23 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Template:Further education colleges in Hampshire]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 12:02, 23 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Template:Primary schools in Hampshire]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 12:03, 23 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Template:Secondary schools in Hampshire]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 12:03, 23 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Template:Special schools in Hampshire]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 12:03, 23 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Template:Schools in Bedfordshire]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 12:04, 23 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Template:Schools in Berkshire]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 12:05, 23 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Template:Schools in East Sussex]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 12:06, 23 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Template:Schools in Buckinghamshire]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 12:06, 23 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Template:Schools in Kent]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 12:08, 23 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Template:Schools in Milton Keynes]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 12:10, 23 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Template:Schools in Oxfordshire]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 12:10, 23 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Template:Schools in Hampshire]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 12:10, 23 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Template:Schools in Surrey]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 12:12, 23 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Template:Schools in West Sussex]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 12:12, 23 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Template:Independent schools in Hampshire]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 12:14, 23 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Template:Universities and colleges in South East England]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 12:15, 23 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Nick Mathewson]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Jeremy Beremy3}} 16:50, 26 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Larryboy: The Cartoon Adventures]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2603:9000:D1F0:3670:8F7:5F24:E02C:8DA2}} 19:16, 26 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Patty Aubery]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|AllThisPaperwork}} 21:55, 26 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:User:AllThisPaperwork/Rocío Castrillo]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 21:56, 26 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:User:AllThisPaperwork/Draft:Mary Morrissey (author)]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 22:01, 26 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:User:AllThisPaperwork/Maria Belen Fernandez Hernandez]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 22:02, 26 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:User:AllThisPaperwork/Josephine Aldecoa]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 22:02, 26 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Zero Defend Security (company)]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 11:33, 27 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Departamento de Eficiencia Gubernamental]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|2600:1009:B00D:620B:C2F:E21:FEE8:31E0}} 19:06, 27 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:DYDN]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 01:23, 28 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Disney Brothers Studio]]: [[WP:QD#G12|CSD G12]] ({{tl|db-copyvio}}); notified {{user|66.216.210.4}} 20:46, 28 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Beacon Pictures]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|66.216.210.4}} 20:47, 28 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Mass media companies established in 1990]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|66.216.210.4}} 20:49, 28 February 2025 (UTC) === March 2025 === # [[:Alice’s Wild West Show]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|66.216.210.4}} 00:08, 1 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Mass media companies established in 1923]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|66.216.210.4}} 00:08, 1 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Mass media companies disestablished in 1926]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|66.216.210.4}} 00:08, 1 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Karthick Krishna M S]]: [[WP:QD#G8|CSD G8]] ({{tl|db-talk}}) 14:25, 1 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:British Israelism]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 16:03, 1 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Moshe Feiglin]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 16:05, 1 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Flag of the State of Judaea]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 16:06, 1 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:History of Jews in Saudi Arabia]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 16:07, 1 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Itamar Ben-Gvir]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 16:07, 1 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Palestinians in Jordan]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 16:07, 1 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:User:SyedTayyab560/sandbox]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 00:29, 2 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Meycauayan]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 14:35, 3 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:San Miguel, Bulacan]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 14:35, 3 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Trans-Radio Broadcasting Corporation]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 14:36, 3 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Audiovisual Communicators]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 14:37, 3 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:DWRX]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 14:37, 3 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:DWAN-AM]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 14:38, 3 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Template:Laoag Radio]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 14:38, 3 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Joseph Kargbo]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|194.11.197.91}} 17:51, 3 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Unlimited Squirrels!]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|50.205.217.206}} 18:35, 4 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Religion in Afghanistan]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|Korrzia}} 19:06, 4 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Volvo B5LH]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|148.252.156.188}} 09:08, 5 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Tumi Asbe Bole]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|2604:6000:CA4E:6300:ED18:F633:6CAF:1643}} 00:47, 6 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Bus Éireann]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|2001:BB6:C53C:4200:746E:DC2D:320C:A1D9}} 16:43, 6 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Mei (dinosaur)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|2603:9000:DE00:84A3:41C4:1090:159E:8023}} 19:59, 7 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:User talk:Sandbox for user warnings]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 15:36, 8 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Asit Nath tiwari]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Asan people}} 11:44, 9 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Asit Nath Tiwari]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|2409:408A:2DB0:8EF7:0:0:634A:5410}} 11:45, 9 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Beria (caste)]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:29, 9 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:MEGABLOCKS]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|77.100.210.38}} 15:05, 9 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of most recent days I crapped my pants]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|71.125.36.50}} 15:56, 9 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of most recent days I was touched by someone in a dress/skirt]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|71.125.36.50}} 15:56, 9 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Emerging Economies]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|2.98.114.119}} 19:11, 9 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Kan 11]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2601:58A:8004:5C30:8D37:2BF6:34E:7E1}} 14:53, 10 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Google TV]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|159.86.182.5}} 14:54, 10 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Christine Chandler]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 18:38, 10 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Namisi Rodney Kefas]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|Chidimmaa}} 18:58, 10 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Vozo]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2601:58A:8004:5C30:A1F1:7A80:61A:3410}} 01:11, 11 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Sony YAY!]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 15:29, 11 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Arbutus Middle School]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|69.67.85.63}} 15:30, 11 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Religion in Afghanistan]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 17:11, 11 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Arbutus Middle School]]: [[WP:QD#G8|CSD G8]] ({{tl|db-talk}}) 17:19, 11 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Roadshow Entertainment: The Wiggles - Wiggle Bay]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|75.167.13.90}} 21:22, 12 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Noddy's Toyland Adventures]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}); notified {{user|75.167.13.90}} 21:27, 12 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Kidsongs: Country Sing Along Songs]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|75.167.13.90}} 21:28, 12 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Carols in the Domain]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|75.167.13.90}} 21:28, 12 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Barney & the Backyard Gang: Barney in Concert]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}); notified {{user|75.167.13.90}} 21:28, 12 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:The Good Robot (2025 movie)]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|24.107.227.193}} 21:29, 12 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Kirsty MacColl]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 12:22, 14 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Samantha Bentley]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|2607:FEA8:F461:C400:C05D:CCE:E18E:B125}} 01:02, 15 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Julie Johnson (actress)]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}); notified {{user|75.167.13.90}} 14:43, 15 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Matharu (caste)‌]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 18:09, 16 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:List of Indian state fruits]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 18:47, 16 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Toponymy of Pakistan]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 18:47, 16 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Names of Pakistan]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 18:47, 16 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:DXET-TV]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 18:48, 16 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:DYTE-TV]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 18:49, 16 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Mexican nationalism]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 18:51, 16 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Romani nationalism]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 18:51, 16 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of countries with MTS providers]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|2A00:23C8:AC84:7A00:5877:3361:112F:3EC0}} 21:15, 16 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Jōjin]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|2A00:23C8:AC84:7A00:5877:3361:112F:3EC0}} 21:16, 16 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Garden Kitty]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|35.132.116.195}} 22:25, 16 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Matharu (caste)‌]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 00:38, 17 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Scooter Braun]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|199.231.180.131}} 12:47, 17 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Kach]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 16:38, 17 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Bluelock]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|2405:201:C405:6801:5593:51CC:7A3:ECA0}} 11:53, 19 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Promethazine]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|167.160.210.119}} 17:07, 21 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Kach party]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 18:42, 22 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Imtiaz Ahmed (actor)]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|2401:1900:2067:E546:0:0:0:1}} 22:40, 22 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Strip District]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|66.7.144.138}} 23:12, 22 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Schizomeria ovata]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Nassiv64}} 20:31, 24 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Peter Strauss]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Nassiv64}} 22:51, 24 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Vale Tudo]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Nassiv64}} 22:52, 24 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Crime in Papua New Guinea]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Nassiv64}} 22:53, 24 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:First Capital Command]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Nassiv64}} 22:54, 24 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Corruption in Cuba]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Nassiv64}} 22:55, 24 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Corruption in Yemen]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Nassiv64}} 22:56, 24 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Historical provinces of France]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Nassiv64}} 22:56, 24 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Lakshya (actor)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Nassiv64}} 22:57, 24 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Corruption in Bhutan]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Nassiv64}} 22:58, 24 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Actresses in English cinema]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|82.42.205.209}} 17:31, 25 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:2010s cheesy films]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|82.42.205.209}} 17:32, 25 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:English cinema]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|82.42.205.209}} 17:32, 25 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Hollywood]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|82.42.205.209}} 17:32, 25 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:English television]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|82.42.205.209}} 17:33, 25 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:2010s cheesy television]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|82.42.205.209}} 17:33, 25 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Male actors in English television]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|82.42.205.209}} 18:03, 25 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Male actors in English cinema]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}); notified {{user|82.42.205.209}} 18:03, 25 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Jospeh kargbo]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|194.11.197.70}} 23:13, 25 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Chester Ismay]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|119.155.176.178}} 15:05, 26 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Amanda Archer]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|2409:40E2:18:EF43:1892:26FE:5098:6CDF}} 18:37, 26 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:305 (number)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|2601:204:ED80:16F0:1077:A6DF:1C2F:60B8}} 11:04, 27 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Daily Fourth Gradian]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|2600:1009:B02E:492A:485B:683A:95CA:859E}} 15:37, 27 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Achievement Hunters]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|2600:1009:B02E:492A:485B:683A:95CA:859E}} 15:37, 27 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Chalmers University of Technology]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|2600:1009:B02E:492A:485B:683A:95CA:859E}} 15:37, 27 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Alhaji Ahmed Zaruk Nuhu]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|LatifGhana}} 23:03, 27 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:News179]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Spicy Topics}} 21:32, 29 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cultural impact of Michael Jackson (2nd nomination)]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 15:58, 30 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:South African Youth Business Chamber]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Charles.Simon12}} 18:03, 30 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Global Gaming League]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|BlackRhino12}} 18:21, 30 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Princess Lalla Salma of Morocco m. 2002; div. 2018]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}); notified {{user|100.15.185.201}} 18:22, 30 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:The Logos and The Sesame Show]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2601:586:CC01:1880:95CE:3500:8DC6:33EC}} 23:16, 30 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Lulu International Shopping Mall, Kochi]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|86.18.63.41}} 17:28, 31 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Koshayna Inudil]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|86.18.63.41}} 17:29, 31 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Raimundas Čerčkė]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|86.18.63.41}} 17:29, 31 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of digital channels on Zebra TV]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|86.18.63.41}} 17:31, 31 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of terrestrial channels in Lithuania]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|86.18.63.41}} 17:32, 31 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Template:Television in Tajikistan]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|86.18.63.41}} 17:38, 31 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of providers in Tajikistan]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2A00:23C8:AC84:7A00:3440:CA7F:DB34:F939}} 17:41, 31 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Latvijas Neatkarīgā Televīzija]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|86.18.63.41}} 17:43, 31 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:Template:Television in Ukraine]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|2A00:23C8:ACDA:4900:A5A5:853B:86E4:435B}} 17:50, 31 March 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of channels on Adrija (online)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|86.18.63.41}} 17:50, 31 March 2025 (UTC) === April 2025 === # [[:Jewish National Front]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 09:06, 1 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Ahad Raza Mir]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Zxa123}} 10:24, 1 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Hum TV]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Zxa123}} 10:27, 1 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Kuch Na Kehna]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Zxa123}} 10:28, 1 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Gyude Moore]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Polnerd25}} 10:31, 1 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Banu Al-Akhdar (tribu)]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|50.68.60.205}} 17:12, 1 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Programs on Nick Jr. Toons]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|108.64.233.217}} 19:02, 1 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Yousef Abo Zarad]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Mvfra}} 15:26, 2 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Jōtarō Kawakami]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|2603:6010:8701:4781:D5DE:EAD4:368C:B1B1}} 21:07, 3 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Shoaib Noorzai]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#G5|G5]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|Adil Adi Khan}} 17:33, 4 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Shoaib Noorzai]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 17:36, 4 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Alexander Lukison]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|Hop250}} 18:22, 4 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Ashton United F.C.]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|Dih250}} 18:28, 4 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Lee Charnley]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|Dih250}} 18:49, 4 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:PCP Capital Partners]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|92.40.201.215}} 18:52, 4 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Charlie Quirke]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Dih250}} 18:53, 4 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Waterloo Road series 15]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 20:06, 4 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Template:Infobox character1]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|Hop250}} 20:13, 4 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Steve Savage (character)]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Hop250}} 20:14, 4 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Kim Campbell (character)]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Hop250}} 20:14, 4 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Stella Drake (character)]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Hop250}} 20:15, 4 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Adam Borque]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|165.161.26.33}} 22:14, 4 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:User:Genghis Khan Still a better person than rod stewart]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 10:50, 5 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Poecilia wingei]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 17:02, 5 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Green neon tetra]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 17:37, 5 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Green neon tetra]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 18:50, 5 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Emily Galaviz]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|Ldya124}} 22:12, 5 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of programs broadcast by Universal Kids (block)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2600:1700:AAB0:1A80:E4DF:DB15:C0C2:44D}} 10:36, 6 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Friends Like These]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 22:23, 6 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Baddies season 3]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|2603:7001:76F0:8A80:79A7:28A6:75B5:7551}} 01:11, 7 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Baddies season 2]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|2603:7001:76F0:8A80:79A7:28A6:75B5:7551}} 01:11, 7 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Baddies season 1]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|2603:7001:76F0:8A80:3D48:5CE6:EA5E:3C6A}} 01:12, 7 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Master list of digital television channels (All)]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}); notified {{user|2A00:23C8:AC84:7A00:A51A:FE0F:52D8:A089}} 11:01, 7 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of line-up changes on Dish Network from the 1990s]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2A00:23C8:AC84:7A00:E077:EF6F:8369:E30}} 11:03, 7 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Sleeper build]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Zia12159}} 11:11, 7 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of programs distributed by Universal Kids]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|50.168.244.226}} 00:35, 8 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of programs broadcast by Pivot]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|50.168.244.226}} 00:56, 8 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of programs broadcast by Universal Kids Preschool]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|174.70.123.64}} 00:59, 8 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Crypto-anarchism]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|207.166.39.40}} 19:37, 8 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Mad (TV series)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|50.205.217.115}} 19:40, 8 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:CNN Chile]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}) 11:15, 9 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of programs broadcast by Pivot]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|50.168.244.226}} 17:45, 9 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of programs broadcast by Sprout (TV network)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|50.168.244.226}} 17:46, 9 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of programs broadcast by Universal Kids Preschool]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|50.168.244.226}} 17:49, 9 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:LDPlayer]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|2001:D08:2102:8022:1:2:8206:47E1}} 17:55, 9 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of programs broadcast by Universal Kids (TV network)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|50.168.244.226}} 18:31, 9 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category talk:National symbols of India]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 12:22, 10 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2025]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|2601:58A:8004:5C30:AC80:F05B:6C06:39D4}} 17:28, 10 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Jordi Sierra i Fabra]]: [[WP:QD#G12|CSD G12]] ({{tl|db-copyvio}}); notified {{user|88.14.14.85}} 18:05, 10 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Fears to fathom]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|203.62.28.65}} 18:14, 10 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Faun]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Brazilianferalcat06!}} 18:15, 10 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Zayid Bin Labid Al-Ansari (2nd nomination)]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 18:20, 10 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:The Sirens of Titan]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|2600:1012:A007:5094:2E8D:556E:B03C:A6D5}} 18:25, 10 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:The Daughter of Jephthah]]: [[WP:QD#G12|CSD G12]] ({{tl|db-copyvio}}); notified {{user|174.98.170.14}} 18:27, 10 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Rogelio Villaseñor]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|2601:201:8E00:D860:8D67:A530:7269:B7CC}} 18:28, 10 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of generation II Pokémon]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 22:36, 11 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Alice Dewey Goldstone]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 01:07, 12 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:WHITENO1SE (musician)]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Ady111}} 18:32, 12 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Inhaler (band)]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}); notified {{user|2601:84:8101:3B70:B40B:4658:1325:9AB7}} 19:44, 12 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Supreme Court of Pakistan]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 12:28, 14 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Government of Pakistan]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 12:29, 14 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Act of Settlement 1701]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 12:29, 14 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Monarchy of Pakistan]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 12:29, 14 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:George VI of the United Kingdom]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 12:30, 14 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Gay rights in Palestine]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 12:31, 14 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Lesbian rights in Palestine]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 12:31, 14 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Bisexual rights in Palestine]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 12:31, 14 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Intersex rights in Palestine]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 12:32, 14 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Transsexual rights in Palestine]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 12:32, 14 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Transgender rights in Palestine]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 12:32, 14 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Gender identity rights in Palestine]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 12:32, 14 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Sexual orientation rights in Palestine]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 12:32, 14 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Republic of India]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 12:32, 14 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category talk:India]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 12:32, 14 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category talk:Republic of India]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 12:32, 14 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Aleksander Lukin]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 16:28, 14 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Ursina Engine]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 18:20, 14 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Muna Omari]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 16:28, 15 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Nickelodeon Animated Shorts Program]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|50.205.217.201}} 18:42, 15 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Keem Fame Rich]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Wakabenga}} 19:42, 15 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Vice Ganda]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}) 12:59, 16 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Alan Kuo]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Alexhl}} 16:37, 16 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Karthick Krishna M S]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 10:57, 18 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:229762 Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|2601:2C6:580:1960:7AFE:BE46:F7D9:6AB0}} 17:23, 18 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:G. V. Prakash Kumar]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]) 22:18, 18 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:David Barrett]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|110.224.123.109}} 16:00, 19 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:MGM Animation Studios]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2804:14C:658C:4580:6134:8DF1:AF8E:25A}} 18:47, 20 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Simplot]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|2600:6C5D:5200:A84:94D7:EAFD:72C1:BCBE}} 20:05, 20 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Aria Sloane]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|2600:1009:B04A:82B9:4CA6:ADE5:3BD:DFA1}} 17:24, 21 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Scriptorium]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|2600:1009:B04A:82B9:4CA6:ADE5:3BD:DFA1}} 17:24, 21 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Your New Lunch Habit Is Hurting the Economy]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|2600:1009:B04A:82B9:4CA6:ADE5:3BD:DFA1}} 17:24, 21 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in Togo]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 10:42, 22 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in Tatarstan]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 10:43, 22 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in Singapore]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 10:43, 22 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in Senegal]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 10:43, 22 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Human rights in Saudi Arabia]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 10:43, 22 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Ruled Out!]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|173.207.58.96}} 17:47, 22 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Timvisible]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|173.207.58.96}} 17:50, 22 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Scary Godparents]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|173.207.58.96}} 17:50, 22 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Toon Disney's official programming]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|173.207.58.96}} 17:56, 22 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Ram Limbu]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Arikchettri}} 18:00, 22 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Getaway (2013 film)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|82.42.205.209}} 11:41, 23 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Mahayogi Prem]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 23:16, 23 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:AnimeNew]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2409:40E2:101F:7DCB:AC0D:12FF:FEE7:EC72}} 21:20, 24 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Shamosaurus]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); manually replaced from prev QD, didn't notify {{noping|2603:9000:E8F0:BB00:52B:839F:1AF8:F314}} - 21:03, 25 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Yinlong]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); manually replaced from prev QD, didn't notify {{noping|2603:9000:E8F0:BB00:52B:839F:1AF8:F314}} - 21:03, 25 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Mei (dinosaur)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); manually replaced from prev QD, didn't notify {{noping|2603:9000:E8F0:BB00:52B:839F:1AF8:F314}} - 21:03, 25 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Max Charles]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2603:9000:E8F0:BB00:52B:839F:1AF8:F314}} 21:03, 25 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:AI Brainrot animals]]: [[WP:QD#G8|CSD G8]] ({{tl|db-talk}}) 18:47, 26 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Brachytrachelopan]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2603:9000:E8F0:BB00:64F2:96F9:7CB9:A91C}} 20:24, 26 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Alice Dewey Goldstone]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|70.29.71.189}} 15:12, 27 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Realme]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Doeudh298}} 19:18, 27 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Infinix Mobile]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Doeudh298}} 19:18, 27 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Black neon tetra]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|Tito Wikipedicreatorpage}} 16:14, 28 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Xiphophorus]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|Tito Wikipedicreatorpage}} 16:14, 28 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Livebearers]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|Tito Wikipedicreatorpage}} 16:15, 28 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Variable platyfish]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|Tito at shopping}} 16:18, 28 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Green neon tetra]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|Tito at shopping}} 16:19, 28 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Josh Universe]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|163.118.184.224}} 21:36, 28 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Chicken jockey]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|170.185.105.219}} 13:32, 30 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:User talk:Sandbox for user warnings]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 14:28, 30 April 2025 (UTC) # [[:Christian punk]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|170.185.249.66}} 16:20, 30 April 2025 (UTC) === May 2025 === # [[:Delaware languages]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|170.235.207.150}} 19:08, 1 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Chicken jockey]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|146.115.4.210}} 19:10, 1 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:I'll Be There (Jackson 5 song)]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|190.206.141.27}} 14:13, 2 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:HIStory World Tour]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|190.206.141.27}} 14:14, 2 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Dangerous World Tour]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|190.206.141.27}} 14:16, 2 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:AI Brainrot animals]]: [[WP:QD#G8|CSD G8]] ({{tl|db-talk}}) 19:24, 4 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Winnipeg School Division]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}) 21:57, 4 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of programs broadcast by Sprout (TV Network)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2600:1700:AAB0:1A80:92D:6E6C:924B:CDAF}} 22:02, 4 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of programs broadcast by Qubo (TV network)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2600:1700:AAB0:1A80:92D:6E6C:924B:CDAF}} 22:03, 4 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Cyber-Complex Foundation]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|PromptAI}} 22:24, 4 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:IThena]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|PromptAI}} 22:25, 4 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Mraimdy]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Mellonb}} 22:52, 5 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Mahdi Alzaeri]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Daliedraiom90}} 23:06, 5 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:The Happy Tree Pals]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|209.188.63.77}} 23:09, 5 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Intenzedoc]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|74.62.245.233}} 23:14, 5 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Mahdi Alzaeri]]: [[WP:QD#G8|CSD G8]] ({{tl|db-talk}}) 10:02, 6 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Pedro Álvarez-Salamanca Ramírez]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|45.181.120.139}} 12:26, 6 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Columbia TriStar Warner Filmes de Portugal]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|55polo55}} 12:33, 6 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Vandalism on Wikipedia]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}); notified {{user|ExclamationPointBandit}} 17:12, 6 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:The Happy Tree Pals!]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 19:41, 6 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of programs distributed by Universal Kids]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|75.11.51.254}} 20:00, 6 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Rima Yussef]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 18:52, 9 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Jews and Judaism in Palestine (region)]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 20:00, 9 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category:Palestinian Jews]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 20:00, 9 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Palestinian Minhag]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 20:02, 9 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Old Yishuv]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 20:02, 9 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Western Aramaic languages]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 20:02, 9 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Yisrael Ariel]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 20:03, 9 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category talk:Palestinian Jews]]: [[WP:QD#G8|CSD G8]] ({{tl|db-talk}}) 21:31, 9 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Category talk:Jews and Judaism in Palestine (region)]]: [[WP:QD#G8|CSD G8]] ({{tl|db-talk}}) 21:31, 9 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Old Yishuv]]: [[WP:QD#G8|CSD G8]] ({{tl|db-talk}}) 21:31, 9 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Kenn Navarro]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 18:19, 10 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Richie Stringini]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 18:50, 10 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Camp LakeBottom]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|HibariFan01}} 20:31, 10 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of programs distributed by Universal Kids]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|75.11.51.254}} 21:23, 11 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of programs broadcast by Universal Kids Preschool]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|75.11.51.254}} 21:24, 11 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Massive]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|72.175.48.66}} 15:15, 12 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Delaware languages]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|170.235.207.150}} 18:46, 13 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Paras Brahmani]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|2409:40C1:1026:8E4F:65D8:1B76:91DA:574F}} 20:02, 13 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Paras Brahmani Superstar]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|2409:40C1:1026:8E4F:65D8:1B76:91DA:574F}} 20:02, 13 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Paras Brahmani And Narendra Modi]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|2409:40C1:1026:8E4F:65D8:1B76:91DA:574F}} 20:03, 13 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Paras Brahmani and Kareena Kapoor]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|2409:40C1:1026:8E4F:65D8:1B76:91DA:574F}} 20:03, 13 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Paras Brahmani and Donald Trump]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|2409:40C1:1026:8E4F:65D8:1B76:91DA:574F}} 20:03, 13 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Paras Brahmani and Mark Zuckerberg]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|2409:40C1:1026:8E4F:65D8:1B76:91DA:574F}} 20:03, 13 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Paras Brahmani and Mukesh Ambani]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2409:40C1:1026:8E4F:65D8:1B76:91DA:574F}} 20:06, 13 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Mark Addison]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Oper Tinoll}} 15:06, 14 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Wayzata High School]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|209.237.105.107}} 19:05, 19 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Brad Church]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|168.254.25.133}} 16:45, 20 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Zxcvbnm]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|216.12.50.119}} 17:13, 20 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Pence’s Sardinery]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|2600:1009:B08A:5A0E:DC80:3510:EBB0:2F17}} 17:15, 20 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Michelle Gomez]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 09:38, 22 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Joy Almondo]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 09:39, 22 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Belinda Chandra]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 09:39, 22 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of titles and honours of Charles III]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 09:39, 22 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Reign of Elizabeth II]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 09:40, 22 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Template:Non-free use rationale logo]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 09:41, 22 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Ted Nivison]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Kieranbowness}} 21:24, 22 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Seoul Infernal]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|216.162.88.62}} 21:24, 22 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Mr. Bounce]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|2A02:C7C:5153:5600:F04B:6B07:40A2:9099}} 21:29, 22 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:El Klassik Band]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|KlassikNation}} 21:31, 22 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:J Wizo]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|KlassikNation}} 21:32, 22 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Vastav AI (deepfake detector)]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 21:53, 22 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Atomic Age]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}); notified {{user|2400:ADCC:1902:A600:A072:B0D7:46E0:9348}} 14:58, 24 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Pak-Yul]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2003:C0:272E:B02:F4A3:14E8:1C0B:6D30}} 16:26, 24 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:1993 Michael Jackson sexual abuse allegations]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}) 02:35, 25 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:AumSum]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|GeoGlobe Tales}} 16:50, 26 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:The Good Robot (2025 movie)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2601:98A:A00:AA00:B00E:7338:261:C26E}} 00:23, 27 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:AumSum]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|GeoGlobe Tales}} 10:38, 28 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of programs distributed by Universal Kids]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|75.11.51.254}} 22:52, 30 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Kern Arc]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|73.158.157.41}} 18:29, 31 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:AumSum]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|73.158.157.41}} 18:29, 31 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Rima Yussef]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|142.189.254.248}} 20:14, 31 May 2025 (UTC) === June 2025 === # [[:Doctor Who (TV series; 1963)]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|2biu2}} 19:40, 2 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Doctor Who (series 14)]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|2biu2}} 19:40, 2 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Doctor Who (series 16)]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|2biu2}} 19:40, 2 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Template:Requested move notice]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|2biu2}} 19:41, 2 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Bliss (photograph)]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|64.88.21.11}} 11:45, 4 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Bob Weinstein]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|70.120.45.122}} 12:50, 4 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Kengo Takanashi]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Mia9542}} 15:57, 4 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Ahmad Shabery Cheek]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|2601:243:E07C:8ED0:D59A:D953:ADF:CBBE}} 16:23, 4 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Yosuke Ide]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Mia9542}} 16:26, 4 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Julius and Sarah SonoftheMessiah Baafo]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Julius Baafo}} 16:55, 4 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of programs broadcast by Sprout (TV network)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|70.186.155.6}} 20:54, 4 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Akash Nanda]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|Wikialpha112}} 19:27, 5 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Palaestina Secunda]]: [[WP:QD#G8|CSD G8]] ({{tl|db-talk}}) 18:20, 8 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Professional wrestling throws]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|BigKrow}} 17:11, 9 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Braj Gopika Seva Mission]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|2404:7C80:5C:6CCD:1C6B:FA0D:C43D:B49A}} 08:37, 11 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:U.S. Agent]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|38.159.51.145}} 18:55, 11 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Palestinian Rabbis]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|142.189.254.248}} 20:55, 11 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Muzaffarid Recapture of Isfahan]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|123sami123}} 19:41, 12 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Battle of Alexandria (936)]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|123sami123}} 19:41, 12 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Abbasids raid on Sicily]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|123sami123}} 19:42, 12 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Pedro Jose Perez Gonzalez]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G4|G4]]); notified {{user|106.215.151.163}} 11:39, 13 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:'Sidewalk Clock at 783 Fifth Avenue']]: [[WP:QD#R1|CSD R1]] ({{tl|db-redirnone}}) 20:19, 14 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Macrophages]]: [[WP:QD#G12|CSD G12]] ({{tl|db-copyvio}}); notified {{user|65.29.216.73}} 22:17, 14 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Antipositive, Pt. 2]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|I am abusing several accounts 2}} 11:39, 17 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Tophit]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|I am abusing several accounts 2}} 11:39, 17 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Little Big (band)]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|I am abusing several accounts 2}} 11:39, 17 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Little Big (band)]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|I am abusing several accounts 2}} 11:44, 17 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Bob Rosen]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|DukunMeh}} 15:08, 17 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Bernard D. Beitman]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|NadirAli}} 15:21, 17 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:OurCal]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|2409:40E2:192:2C10:6876:B8FF:FEEB:48C6}} 15:25, 17 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Pat And Patty]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|2409:40E2:1028:6C96:3036:16FF:FEB8:3CFB}} 15:40, 17 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Moselweine]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|2405:201:A016:C832:A464:2744:707C:3B1F}} 15:52, 17 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:We’re supposed to be better than that]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|2600:1009:B076:D5CF:2873:C559:EFBE:218C}} 17:17, 17 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Construction debris]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|2600:1009:B076:D5CF:2873:C559:EFBE:218C}} 17:17, 17 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Moselweine]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|2405:201:A016:C832:A464:2744:707C:3B1F}} 18:21, 17 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Pat And Patty]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|2405:201:A016:C832:A464:2744:707C:3B1F}} 19:23, 17 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of programmes broadcast by Comedy Central]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|82.42.205.209}} 20:07, 18 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:The Adventures of Little Brown Bear]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 23:26, 19 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:List of Kate & Mim-Mim episodes]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 23:26, 19 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:The Adventures of Timmy The Tooth]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 16:47, 22 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Super Why!]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 16:47, 22 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Lake Isabella, California]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 18:15, 22 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:The Adventures of Bottle Top Bill and His Best Friend Corky]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 18:15, 22 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Rubbadubbers]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 18:15, 22 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Mio Mao]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 18:15, 22 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Robert Clarke & Company]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|2C0F:F5C0:B24:1BB4:B5E0:7E91:833E:CE48}} 19:36, 23 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Ice Age 19: The Great Water (2072)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2601:98A:A00:AA00:EC1C:5330:5B13:C467}} 20:43, 23 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Ice Age 20: Landscape Damage (2076)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2601:98A:A00:AA00:EC1C:5330:5B13:C467}} 21:06, 23 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Ice Age 22: Into The Future (2086)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|2601:98A:A00:AA00:EC1C:5330:5B13:C467}} 21:06, 23 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Shivangi Joshi]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|Savydeal}} 22:36, 23 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Salin Man Bania]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|Savydeal}} 22:36, 23 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Dr Marion Lynch BEM]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|ADB478}} 17:11, 24 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Aron Afshar]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Tatalooii}} 17:32, 24 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of programs broadcast by PBS Kids Sprout]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}); notified {{user|50.162.44.105}} 18:06, 24 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Omar Sherrer]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Budgetz}} 18:12, 24 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Raman Gupta]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|2404:7C80:5C:A921:30C6:7905:AE59:9841}} 18:17, 24 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Vasily Tsereteli]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|LvivForev}} 18:30, 24 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Innosilicon]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}); notified {{user|Barecode}} 23:02, 24 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Bijarnia (caste)]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}) 20:42, 25 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Tushir (caste)]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}) 20:42, 25 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Turka (caste)]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}) 20:43, 25 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Badwal (caste)]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}) 20:44, 25 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Aslan]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|104.8.248.187}} 19:17, 27 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:The Voice UK]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|2806:2F0:9CC1:F8A9:4DE1:5FEF:1433:7158}} 19:33, 28 June 2025 (UTC) === July 2025 === # [[:The Voice UK]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}); notified {{user|2806:2F0:9CC1:F8A9:1D73:60F1:724F:A05F}} 17:06, 2 July 2025 (UTC) cs4spic4ahln653m8oh7jw7bsypipk8 0 1111545 10368683 9600583 2025-07-03T02:01:22Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Journalism */ Typo: duplication 10368683 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox publisher | name = Berghahn Books | image = [[File:Blue BB LOGO TIFF.tif|90px]] | parent = | status = | founded = 1994 | founder = Marion Berghahn | successor = | country = United States | headquarters = [[New York City]] | distribution = Turpin Distribution (United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, South Africa, India)<br />[[Ingram Content Group|Ingram Academic]] (United States, Australia, New Zealand)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.berghahnbooks.com/contact/ | title=Who's Who at Berghahn | access-date=2017-10-12}}</ref> | keypeople = | publications = [[Books]], [[Academic journals]] | topics = | genre = | revenue = | numemployees = | nasdaq = | url = {{URL|http://www.berghahnbooks.com}} }} '''Berghahn Books''' is a [[publisher]] from [[New York City|New York]] and [[Oxford]]. It publishes [[scholarly]] books and [[academic journals]] in the [[humanities]] and [[social sciences]]. It focuses on [[Social anthropology|social]] and [[cultural anthropology]], [[European history]], [[politics]], and [[Movie studies|movie]] and [[media studies]]. It was founded in 1994 by Marion Berghahn.<ref>{{cite journal |title=An Interview with Marion Berghahn: On the Intricacies of Anthropological Publishing |date=2002-12-20 |volume=16 |url=https://rai.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1467-8322.00015 |issue=2 |journal=[[Anthropology Today]] |pages=16–20 |doi=10.1111/1467-8322.00015 |last1 = Kingston |first1 = Sean}}</ref> == Books == Every year, Berghahn Books publishes around 140 new books. It has a [[backlist]] of about 2,500 books. New books are published both in [[Printing|print]] and [[online]]. Many Berghahn books are reviewed on ''[[Choice: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries|Choice]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cro2.org/default.aspx?page=display_oat&year=2010 |title=List of Outstanding Titles – 2010 |publisher=Choice Reviews Online |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130829004811/http://cro2.org/default.aspx?page=display_oat&year=2010 |archive-date=2013-08-29 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2017-08-11}}</ref> == Journalism== Berghahn Journals publishes over 40 journals in [[social sciences]] and [[humanities]]. Berghahn Books also has a yearly series, ''Advances in Research''. Advances in Research started in 2013. Its journals have been available online since 2001.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.berghahnbooks.com/cats/journals/Berghahn-2017-General.pdf |title=Journals 2017 |publisher=Berghahn Books |date=2017-04-11 |quote=Founded in 1994, its program, which includes close to 40 journals and over 125 new titles a year, spans Anthropology, Migration & Refugee Studies, Geography, History, and Film Studies. |access-date=2017-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821123110/http://www.berghahnbooks.com/cats/journals/Berghahn-2017-General.pdf |archive-date=2017-08-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Berghahn Journals was given the ''[[Association of American Publishers|AAP]] PROSE Award for Best New Journal in the Social Sciences and Humanities'' two years in a row in 2009 for ''[[Girlhood Studies (journal)|Girlhood Studies]]'' and in 2008 for ''[[Projections (journal)|Projections]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://proseawards.com/winners/2009-award-winners/| title=2009 Winners: Category Award Winners |publisher=[[PROSE Awards]]|access-date=2017-08-11}}</ref> ''Girlhood Studies'' was also given the Highly Commended Certificate for the 2010 [[Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers|ALPSP]] Best New Journal Award.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alpsp.org/ngen_public/article.asp?aid=305983| title=ALPSP Awards 2010 – Winners|publisher=[[Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers|ALPSP]] |date=2010-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001144903/http://www.alpsp.org/ngen_public/article.asp?aid=305983 |archive-date=2011-10-01 |url-status=dead |access-date=2017-08-11}}</ref> == References == <references /> == Other websites == * {{Official website|http://www.berghahnbooks.com}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Book publishing companies]] [[Category:1994 establishments]] g97g03wo3fh18jfdozd2co8os44p9t8 0 1111600 10367667 10345907 2025-07-02T13:21:58Z 2001:4451:12F:E600:AC42:9A72:D17C:206C 10367667 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} [[Image:The Wizard of Oz 1955 Lobby Card.jpg|thumb|Tom and Jerry & the Wizard of Oz]] '''''Tom and Jerry & the Wizard of Oz''''' is a 2011 American animated [[Musical genre|musical]] [[Slapstick comedy|slapstick]] [[comedy]] film adaptation of the 1939 [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] film ''[[The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)|The Wizard of Oz]]'' (which in turn is based on the 1900 novel ''[[The Wonderful Wizard of Oz]]'' by [[L. Frank Baum]]), with the addition of [[Tom and Jerry]] as characters and told through their point of view. The film was released on [[DVD]] and [[Blu-ray]] on August 23, 2011, by [[Warner Home Video]]. ''[[Common Sense Media]]'' rated the film 3 out of 5 stars. == Plot == {{nosources|date=June 2024}} A long time ago, in what's now present-day [[Kansas]], a young girl named Dorothy lived with Aunt Em and Uncle Henry; their three farm workers are Zeke, Hickory, and Hunk. She had two pet animals. They were named Tom and Jerry. Tom and Jerry's rivalry, however, often got in the way of their work. But the duo prove to be useful when they managed to save Dorothy from falling into a pig pen. Aunt Em persuaded them to put their rivalry aside and work on protecting Dorothy from harm. When another neighbor, Almira Gulch, is bitten by Toto, Dorothy's other pet; she gets a sheriff's order and takes him away to be put down. Tom and Jerry give chase on an old bicycle. Jerry manages to free Toto, who runs back home, but Tom and Jerry end up in a scuffle with Almira, which culminates in the three of them crashing into a pit. Tom and Jerry return home without helping Almira, just as a twister reaches Dorothy's farm. Dorothy, Toto, Tom and Jerry are too late to join Dorothy's family in the storm cellar, and Tom and Jerry are knocked out as they try to get inside the house. Once they awaken, they find themselves in a strange village. As they wander around it, they encounter Tuffy, the young grey Munchkin mouse, who tries to protect Jerry from Tom, assuming he wanted to eat him for food, but Jerry clears up the misunderstanding. Tuffy informs them that a few hours ago, the house they arrived in landed on the Wicked Witch of the East and crushed her, and as gratitude, Glinda gave Dorothy the witch's ruby slippers, but the Wicked Witch of the West appeared and swore to claim the slippers for herself. Glinda sent Dorothy down the Yellow Brick Road to reach the Emerald City and find the famed Wizard of Oz in order to get back home. Though Tuffy advises them not to follow Dorothy, Jerry and Tom remember their promise to protect her and insist on finding her. Tuffy decides to accompany them so that he can wish to become big. Eventually, they come to some crossroads in a cornfield, where two crows point them in the direction. Dorothy went with a scarecrow that was previously perched there. Unfortunately, it turns out that the crows pointed them in the wrong direction by accident. Tom, Jerry and Tuffy come to a particularly worn and dangerous part of the road by a mountain and across an old bridge, where Tom more than once nearly falls to his demise. Along the way, they come across another witch and hide in a giant dandelion while the witch observes Dorothy and her three friends; Scarecrow, Cowardly Lion, and Tin Man. Tom, frightened by the witch's resemblance to Almira, accidentally sneezes, which prompts the witch to turn the dandelions into an avalanche. Tom, Jerry and Tuffy attempt to get the wand from the witch and end up in a scuffle with her. Jerry manages to turn the boulders back into dandelions, saving Dorothy and her friends from death, and sends the witch away, but the wand disintegrates into sand. Vowing revenge, the witch flies towards an emerald city. Tom and Jerry reunite with Dorothy and meet up with the Scarecrow, Tin Man and Cowardly Lion, who respectively claim that they want to wish for a brain, a heart and courage from the Wizard. They finally reach the city, where they are looked after to recover. Tom comically tries to eat a baby animal, but Jerry and Tuffy stop him by submitting him to a painful massaging machine. The witch then appears and demands that she must surrender Dorothy, Tom and Jerry. Tom tries to hide, but Jerry and Tuffy find him and remind him of the promise they made. Reluctantly, Tom remains with them, but they are refused entry to the Wizard's chamber, where the Wizard is speaking with Dorothy. They come outside and tell them that the Wizard will not grant them anything unless they bring him the Witch's broomstick. On their way to the Witch's castle, Dorothy, Toto, and Tom and Jerry are captured by flying monkeys, but Tom and Jerry manage to get free before they reach the castle. They climb up the castle to the tower, where they see the Witch threatening Dorothy over the ruby slippers and placing Toto inside a basket. Jerry valiantly manages to free Toto, who runs off to get help, but is seen by the Witch and thrown through the window with Tom. They land on a lower level and encounter the Witch's two top guards, Droopy and Butch, who casually mention the witch's one weakness being water. A long chase ensues until Tom and Jerry manage to knock Droopy and Butch out, and they reunite with Tuffy, Scarecrow, Tin Man and Cowardly Lion, disguised as guards and led there by Toto. As the others find and rescue Dorothy, Tom and Jerry fill a bucket of water to use on the Witch, but their attempts to get it back into the castle fail due to comical circumstances. Eventually, Tom and Jerry manage to get hold of a rogue rain cloud and use it to fill the bucket. Finally, the Witch and her men corner Dorothy and her friends inside the vestibule, and the Witch sets Scarecrow on fire. Jerry rushes to their aid with the bucket of water, but trips over and drops it, although it doesn't spill. Dorothy frantically uses the water to put out the fire, and splashes the villainous Witch in the process, causing her to melt and die. To their relief, the soldiers celebrate her death and allow Dorothy to take the broom. They return to Emerald City and present the broom to the Wizard. Although the Wizard turns out to be an ordinary man behind an illusion, he nevertheless promises to grant their wishes and take Dorothy, Tom and Jerry back to Kansas on his hot air balloon. But as the balloon takes off, Tom spots the animal again and sneaks out to eat her, prompting Jerry and Toto to follow Tom to stop him. Dorothy runs after them and they are unable to get back to the balloon before it takes off. Glinda then appears and tells her another way to get back home. Dorothy, Tom and Jerry bid farewell to their friends and follow Glinda's instructions. Dorothy, Tom and Jerry awaken in Dorothy's bedroom back in Kansas, surrounded by family and friends. Dorothy tells them of her adventures, but they insist it was all a dream, Tom and Jerry are the only ones who believe her. As Dorothy promises never to run away again, Tom and Jerry take their rivalry outside the house, much to Dorothy and the others' amusement. == Voice cast == * Spike Brandt as [[Tom Cat]] / [[Jerry Mouse]] (uncredited) * [[Grey DeLisle]] as [[Dorothy Gale]] <small>(Nikki Yanofsky provides Dorothy's singing voice)</small> * [[Joe Alaskey]] as Professor Marvel / The Wizard <small>(the former having only a cameo at the end of the film)</small>, Butch and Droopy * Michael Gough as Hunk / Scarecrow * [[Rob Paulsen]] as Hickory / Tin Man * Todd Stashwick as Zeke / [[Cowardly Lion]] * [[Frances Conroy]] as Aunt Em and Glinda * [[Laraine Newman]] as Almira Gulch / The [[Wicked Witch of the West]] * [[Stephen Root]] as Uncle Henry and Crows * [[Kath Soucie]] as Tuffy the [[Munchkin]] Mouse / Tuffy the Country Mouse == Other websites == *{{imdb title|id=2027255}} [[Category:Direct-to-video movies]] [[Category:Tom and Jerry movies]] [[Category:Warner Bros. direct-to-video movies]] sdntd0xx6ec22j5wpp6r0g2apfa5xe5 0 1113998 10367996 10259922 2025-07-02T17:43:04Z NewAnimationMan 1014857 10367996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use American English|date=January 2023}}{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2023}} [[File:Paramount Pictures 2022 (Blue).svg|right|182x182px]] This is a list of movies made by '''[[Paramount Pictures]]''' and released (or scheduled to be released) in the 2020s.{{horizontal TOC|nonum=yes}} == Released == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:50%;" |- ! scope="col" style="width:130px;" | Release date ! scope="col" style="width:250px;" | Title |- | style=text-align:right;" | January 10, 2020 || ''[[Like a Boss (film)|Like a Boss]]'' |- | style=text-align:right;" | January 31, 2020 || ''[[The Rhythm Section]]'' |- | style=text-align:right;" | February 14, 2020 || ''[[Sonic the Hedgehog (film)|Sonic the Hedgehog]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| May 19, 2020 || ''[[Body Cam (film)|Body Cam]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| May 22, 2020 || ''[[The Lovebirds (2020 film)|The Lovebirds]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| June 5, 2020 || ''[[Mighty Oak (film)|Mighty Oak]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| September 25, 2020 ||''[[The Trial of the Chicago 7]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| October 2, 2020 ||''[[Spontaneous (film)|Spontaneous]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| October 16, 2020 || ''[[Love and Monsters (film)|Love and Monsters]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| October 23, 2020 || ''[[Pixie (film)|Pixie]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| October 30, 2020 || ''[[Spell (film)|Spell]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| March 4, 2021 || ''[[The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| March 5, 2021 || ''[[Coming 2 America]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| April 23, 2021 || ''[[The Space Between (2021 film)|The Space Between]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| April 30, 2021 || ''[[Without Remorse (film)|Without Remorse]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| May 28, 2021|| ''[[A Quiet Place Part II]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| June 10, 2021 || ''[[Infinite (film)|Infinite]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| July 2, 2021 || ''[[The Tomorrow War]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| July 23, 2021 || ''[[Snake Eyes (2021 film)|Snake Eyes: G.I. Joe Origins]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| August 20, 2021 || ''[[PAW Patrol: The Movie]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| October 29, 2021 || ''[[Paranormal Activity: Next of Kin]]'' |- |style="text-align:right;"| November 10, 2021 || ''[[Clifford the Big Red Dog (film)|Clifford the Big Red Dog]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| December 15, 2021 || ''[[Rumble (2021 film)|Rumble]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| January 14, 2022 || ''[[Scream (2022 film)|Scream]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| February 4, 2022 || ''[[Jackass Forever]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| February 11, 2022 ||''[[The In Between]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| March 25, 2022 || ''[[The Lost City (2022 film)|The Lost City]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| April 1, 2022 || ''[[The Contractor (2022 film)|The Contractor]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| April 8, 2022 || ''[[Sonic the Hedgehog 2 (film)|Sonic the Hedgehog 2]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| May 13, 2022 || ''[[Senior Year (2022 film)|Senior Year]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| May 27, 2022 || ''[[Top Gun: Maverick]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| June 17, 2022 || ''[[Jerry & Marge Go Large]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;" | July 15, 2022 || ''[[Paws of Fury: The Legend of Hank]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| August 11, 2022 ||''[[Laal Singh Chaddha]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| August 12, 2022 ||''[[Secret Headquarters]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| August 19, 2022 || ''[[Orphan: First Kill]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| August 24, 2022 || ''[[Tad, the Lost Explorer and the Emerald Tablet]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| September 23, 2022 || ''[[On the Come Up (film)|On the Come Up]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| September 30, 2022 || ''[[Smile (2022 film)|Smile]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| October 7, 2022 || ''[[Significant Other (film)|Significant Other]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| December 23, 2022 || ''[[Babylon (2022 film)|Babylon]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;"| February 3, 2023 || ''[[80 for Brady]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;" | March 10, 2023 || ''[[Scream VI]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;" | March 31, 2023 || ''[[Dungeons & Dragons: Honor Among Thieves]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;" | April 10, 2023 || ''Organ Trail'' |- | style="text-align:right;" | June 9, 2023 || ''[[Transformers: Rise of the Beasts]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;" | June 30, 2023 || ''[[Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;" | July 12, 2023 || ''[[Mission: Impossible – Dead Reckoning Part One]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;" | August 2, 2023 || ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Mutant Mayhem]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;" | September 8, 2023 || ''[[My Animal (film)|My Animal]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;" | September 29, 2023 || ''[[PAW Patrol: The Mighty Movie]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;" | October 6, 2023 || ''[[Pet Sematary: Bloodlines]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;" | October 20, 2023 || ''[[Killers of the Flower Moon (film)|Killers of the Flower Moon]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;" | October 27, 2023 || ''[[Under the Boardwalk (2023 film)|Under the Boardwalk]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;" | January 12, 2024 || ''[[Mean Girls (2024 film)|Mean Girls]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;" | February 2, 2024 || ''[[The Tiger's Apprentice (film)|The Tiger's Apprentice]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;" | February 14, 2024 || ''[[Bob Marley: One Love]]'' |- |style="text-align:right;" | April 12, 2024 ||''Sweet Dreams'' |- | style="text-align:right;" | May 17, 2024 || ''[[IF (film)|IF]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;" | June 28, 2024 || ''[[A Quiet Place: Day One]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;" | August 13, 2024 || ''[[Watchmen#Animated film|Watchmen: Chapter I]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;" | September 20, 2024 || ''[[Transformers One]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;" | October 18, 2024 || ''[[Smile 2]] '' |- | style="text-align:right;" | November 22, 2024 || ''[[Gladiator II]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;" | November 25, 2024 || ''[[Dear Santa (2024 film)|Dear Santa]]'' |- | style="text-align:right;" | November 26, 2024 || ''[[Watchmen Chapter II]]'' |- |December 13, 2024 |''[[September 5 (film)|September 5]]'' |- |December 20, 2024 |''[[Sonic the Hedgehog 3 (film)|Sonic the Hedgehog 3]]'' |- |December 25, 2024 |''[[Better Man (film)|Better Man]]'' |- |March 14, 2025 |''[[Novocaine (2025 film)|Novocaine]]'' |- |May 23, 2025 | | ''[[Mission: Impossible – The Final Reckoning]]'' |} == Upcoming == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" |- ! scope="col" style="width:130px;" | Release date ! scope="col" style="width:250px;" | Title ! Notes ! Production status |- | style="text-align:right;" | July 4, 2025 || [[Untitled Trey Parker film]] || co-production with [[PGLang]] and [[Trey Parker and Matt Stone|Park County]]<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Tartaglione |first1=Nancy |last2=D'Alessandro |first2=Anthony |date=April 11, 2024 |title=Paramount Dates Live-Action Musical From Matt Stone & Trey Parker – CinemaCon |url=https://deadline.com/2024/04/matt-stone-trey-parker-musical-movie-paramount-release-date-cinemacon-1235881964/ |access-date=April 11, 2024 |website=Deadline Hollywood |language=en-US}}</ref> | Filming |- | style="text-align:right;" | July 18, 2025 || ''[[The Smurfs Movie]]'' || co-production with [[Paramount Animation]] and [[Nickelodeon Movies]]<ref name="deadline.com">{{cite web|last=Grobar|first=Matt|date=August 8, 2022|title=Paramount Sets 'Sonic The Hedgehog 3' Release, Pushes Date For Smurfs Animated Musical|url=https://deadline.com/2022/08/paramount-updates-release-plans-for-sonic-the-hedgehog-3-smurfs-musical-1235087859/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809003403/https://deadline.com/2022/08/paramount-updates-release-plans-for-sonic-the-hedgehog-3-smurfs-musical-1235087859/|archive-date=August 9, 2022|access-date=August 8, 2022|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref name="SmurfCast">{{cite web |last=Gardner |first=Chris |title='The Smurfs Movie' Sets Starry Cast to Join Rihanna; Dave Bautista, Eric Nam Board 'Airbender' Franchise |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/the-smurfs-movie-cast-rihanna-1235871717/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=April 11, 2024}}</ref><ref name="ParamountOct2024">{{cite web|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=October 4, 2024|title=Paramount Dates & Shifts Slew For 2025: Glen Powell's ''Running Man'', ''Smurfs'', ''Naked Gun'', ''Vicious'' & More|url=https://deadline.com/2024/10/paramount-movies-2025-glen-powell-running-man-1236107827/|access-date=October 4, 2024|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> | In production |- |style="text-align:right;"| August 1, 2025 || ''[[The Naked Gun (2025 film)|The Naked Gun]]'' || co-production with [[Fuzzy Door Productions]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Kroll|first=Justin|date=October 13, 2022|url=https://deadline.com/2022/10/naked-gun-paramount-liam-neeson-lonely-islands-akiva-schaffer-1235144065/|title=New 'Naked Gun' Movie A Go At Paramount With Liam Neeson In Talks To Star And 'Lonely Island's Akiva Schaffer Directing|access-date=October 13, 2022|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref name="NakedGun">{{cite web|last=Stephan|first=Kacey|date=February 28, 2024|title='Naked Gun' Remake Set for 2025 by Paramount; 'TMNT' and 'Paw Patrol' Sequels Dated for 2026|url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/naked-gun-remake-2025-paramount-tmnt-paw-patrol-sequel-2026-1235925545/|access-date=February 28, 2024|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref name="ParamountOct2024" /> | Post-production |- |style="text-align:right;"| October 3, 2025 || ''[[Roofman (film)|Roofman]]'' || U.S. and select international distribution only; produced by [[Miramax]], Limelight, High Frequency Entertainment, Hunting Lane and 51 Entertainment<ref>{{cite web|title=Miramax Lands Distribution Rights To Derek Cianfrance’s Next Film ‘Roofman’ Starring Channing Tatum And Kirsten Dunst|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|first1=Justin|last1=Kroll|first2=Mike Jr|last2=Fleming|date=2 October 2024|access-date=2 October 2024|url=https://deadline.com/2024/10/miramax-derek-cianfrance-roofman-channing-tatum-kirsten-dunst-1236105071/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Channing Tatum, Kirsten Dunst Movie 'Roofman' Sets Fall 2025 Release Date|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|first=Rebecca|last=Rubin|date=30 October 2024|access-date=30 October 2024|url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/channing-tatum-kirsten-dunst-movie-roofman-release-date-1236195090/}}</ref> | rowspan="2" | Filming |- |style="text-align:right;"| November 21, 2025 || ''[[The Running Man (2025 film)|The Running Man]]'' || co-production with [[Genre Films]] and Complete Fiction<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fleming |first=Mike Jr. |date=February 19, 2021 |title=Edgar Wright To Direct Stephen King's 'The Running Man' At Paramount Pictures; Simon Kinberg's Genre Films Producing |url=https://deadline.com/2021/02/edgar-wright-direct-the-running-man-stephen-king-paramount-pictures-simon-kinbergs-genre-films-1234697279/ |access-date=February 19, 2021 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |archive-date=February 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219200428/https://deadline.com/2021/02/edgar-wright-direct-the-running-man-stephen-king-paramount-pictures-simon-kinbergs-genre-films-1234697279/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ParamountOct2024" /> |- | style="text-align:right;" | December 19, 2025 || ''[[The SpongeBob Movie: Search for SquarePants]]''|| co-production with [[Nickelodeon Movies]] and [[United Plankton Pictures]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=November 10, 2022 |title=Paramount Sets Dates For New 'SpongeBob' & 'Aang Avatar' Animated Movies |url=https://deadline.com/2022/11/spongebob-squarepants-aang-avatar-animation-movies-release-dates-1235169468/ |access-date=November 11, 2022|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Welk |first=Brian |date=2023-04-27 |title=Paramount Gets Animated with CinemaCon Presentation |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2023/04/spongebob-squarepants-4-transformers-one-animated-cast-1234833032/ |access-date=2023-04-28|website=IndieWire}}</ref><ref name="ParamountOct2023" /> | rowspan="2" | In production |- | style="text-align:right;" | January 30, 2026 || ''[[Avatar: The Last Airbender (franchise)#Aang: The Last Airbender (2026)|Aang: The Last Airbender]]'' || co-production with [[Nickelodeon Movies]] and [[Avatar Studios (production company)|Avatar Studios]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=White|first1=Peter|date=February 24, 2021|title='Avatar: The Last Airbender' Franchise To Expand With Launch Of Nickelodeon's Avatar Studios, Animated Theatrical Film In The Works |url=https://deadline.com/2021/02/avatar-the-last-airbender-franchise-expansion-launch-nickelodeons-avatar-studios-animated-theatrical-film-1234699594/|access-date=March 5, 2021|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name="SmurfCast" /><ref name="TransformersOneMoved" /> |- | style="text-align:right;" | February 27, 2026 || ''[[Scream 7]]'' || co-production with [[Spyglass Media Group]], Project X Entertainment and [[Radio Silence Productions]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kit |first=Borys |date=August 2, 2023 |title=Christopher Landon to Direct 'Scream 7' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/christopher-landon-to-direct-scream-7-1235549639/ |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=August 2, 2023 |archive-date=August 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802202532/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/christopher-landon-to-direct-scream-7-1235549639/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McClintock |first=Pamela |date=October 1, 2024 |title='Scream VII' Lands February 2026 Release Date |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/scream-vii-february-2026-release-date-1236018917/ |access-date=October 1, 2024 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> || Pre-production |- | style="text-align:right;" | July 31, 2026 || [[PAW Patrol: The Mighty Movie#Sequel|Untitled ''PAW Patrol: The Mighty Movie'' sequel]] || distribution outside of Canada; co-production with [[Nickelodeon Movies]] and [[Spin Master Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Hailu|first=Selome|title='PAW Patrol 3': Third Movie Greenlit by Paramount, Nickelodeon, Spin Master|url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/paw-patrol-3-movie-paramount-1235735937/|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=September 26, 2023|access-date=September 26, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|title='PAW Patrol 3' In The Works From Paramount, Nickelodeon & Spin Master|url=https://deadline.com/2023/09/paw-patrol-3-1235556614/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=September 26, 2023|access-date=September 26, 2023}}</ref><ref name="NakedGun"/> | rowspan="2" | In production |- | style="text-align:right;" | October 9, 2026 || [[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Mutant Mayhem#Future|Untitled ''Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Mutant Mayhem'' sequel]]|| co-production with [[Nickelodeon Movies]] and [[Point Grey Pictures]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lang |first=Brent |date=2023-07-26 |title='Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Mutant Mayhem' Sequel and Paramount+ Series in the Works (EXCLUSIVE)|url=https://variety.com/2023/film/news/teenage-mutant-ninja-turtles-mutant-mayhem-sequel-paramount-plus-streaming-series-coming-1235679837/|access-date=2023-07-28|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref><ref name="NakedGun"/> |} ===Undated films=== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" |- ! scope="col" style="width:130px;"| Release date ! Title ! Notes ! Production status |- | rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;" | 2025 | Untitled [[Damien Chazelle]] film || co-production with Wild Chickens Productions<ref>{{cite web|title=Damien Chazelle Sets Next Film At Paramount For 2025 – CinemaCon|url=https://deadline.com/2024/04/damien-chazelle-next-film-prison-paramount-1235881161/|last=Kroll|first=Justin|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=April 11, 2024|access-date=April 11, 2024}}</ref> | rowspan="7" | Pre-production |- | [[Scary Movie (film series)#Future|Untitled sixth ''Scary Movie'' film]] || distribution only; produced by [[Miramax]], [[Original Film]] and Ugly Baby Productions<ref>{{cite web|title=New 'Scary Movie' In The Works Under Jonathan Glickman's Miramax & Neal H. Moritz – CinemaCon|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|first=Anthony|last=D'Alessandro|date=11 April 2024|access-date=11 April 2024|url=https://deadline.com/2024/04/scary-movie-paramount-cinemacon-1235881783/}}</ref> |- |Spring 2027 |''[[Sonic the Hedgehog 4]]'' |co-production with [[Sega Sammy Holdings|Sega Sammy Group]], [[Original Film]], [[Marza Animation Planet]] and [[Blur Studio]] |- | rowspan="4" |TBA |''[[Vicious (film)|Vicious]]'' |distribution only; produced by [[Atlas Entertainment|Atlas Independent]] |- | ''Get Lite'' |co-production with [[Kenya Barris|Khalabo Ink Society]], [[Storm Reid|A Seed and Wings Productions]] and OFFBRND<ref>{{cite web|title=Storm Reid To Star In Teyana Taylor's Directorial Debut 'Get Lite' For Paramount|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|first=Justin|last=Kroll|date=18 March 2024|access-date=18 March 2024|url=https://deadline.com/2024/03/storm-reid-teyana-taylors-get-lite-paramount-1235861347/}}</ref> |- | ''[[A Quiet Place Part II#Sequel|A Quiet Place Part III]]'' || co-production with [[Platinum Dunes]] and [[Sunday Night Productions]]<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://ew.com/a-quiet-place-day-one-first-look-lupita-nyongo-joseph-quinn-djimon-hounsou-8558816|title=Lupita Nyong'o, Joseph Quinn escape from New York in A Quiet Place: Day One first look|author=Romano, Nick|date=February 7, 2024|magazine=Entertainment Weekly}}</ref> |- | [[An Officer and a Gentleman|Untitled ''An Officer and a Gentleman'' remake]] || co-production with [[Temple Hill Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Kit |first=Borys |title=Miles Teller to Star in 'An Officer and a Gentleman' Remake for Paramount |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/miles-teller-to-star-in-an-officer-and-a-gentleman-1235922740/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=June 14, 2024}}</ref> |} ===In development=== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" |- ! Title ! Notes |- | ''[[American Girl#Films|American Girl]]'' || co-production with [[Mattel Films]] and [[Temple Hill Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Galuppo|first=Mia|title=Mattel Developing 'American Girl' Movie with Paramount, Temple Hill|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/mattel-developing-american-girl-movie-with-paramount-temple-hill-1235752861/|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=December 13, 2023|access-date=December 13, 2023}}</ref> |- | ''Ballistic'' || co-production with GoldDay<ref>{{cite web|title=Paramount Buys John Swetnam Action Comedy Spec ''Ballistic''|url=https://deadline.com/2024/03/paramount-john-swetnam-ballistic-1235863819/|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=March 20, 2024|access-date=March 20, 2024}}</ref> |- | ''Bella'' || co-production with [[Paramount Players]], Bread & Circuses Entertainment and [[87North Productions|87Eleven Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |title=Paramount Sets 1980s Action Thriller 'Bella' With Samara Weaving |url=https://deadline.com/2023/03/samara-weaving-bella-paramount-pictures-1235311681/ |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=March 28, 2023 |date=March 28, 2023 |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328165629/https://deadline.com/2023/03/samara-weaving-bella-paramount-pictures-1235311681/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | ''[[Beyblade (manga)#Live-action film|Beyblade]]'' |co-production with [[Jerry Bruckheimer Films]] and Disruption Entertainment<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiseman |first=Andreas |date=February 24, 2022 |title=Jerry Bruckheimer Producing Movie Based On Beyblade Toy Franchise For Paramount |url=https://deadline.com/2022/02/jerry-bruckheimer-beyblade-toys-movie-paramount-1234959192/ |access-date=March 19, 2022 |website=Deadline |language=en-US |archive-date=March 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319194856/https://deadline.com/2022/02/jerry-bruckheimer-beyblade-toys-movie-paramount-1234959192/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | ''Blood Count'' |co-production with [[SpringHill Company]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 13, 2022 |title=Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse Co-Director to Helm Vampire Thriller Blood Count |url=https://movieweb.com/peter-ramsey-paramount-supernatural-thriller-blood-count/ |access-date=March 15, 2022 |website=MovieWeb |language=en-US |archive-date=March 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315074304/https://movieweb.com/peter-ramsey-paramount-supernatural-thriller-blood-count/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | ''Boy Band'' |co-production with [[Maximum Effort]] and [[21 Laps Entertainment]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=2023-02-23 |title=Ryan Reynolds Set For Paramount Comedy 'Boy Band' |url=https://deadline.com/2023/02/ryan-reynolds-boy-band-paramount-1235269278/ |access-date=2023-02-24 |website=Deadline |language=en-US |archive-date=February 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224195324/https://deadline.com/2023/02/ryan-reynolds-boy-band-paramount-1235269278/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | [[Clifford the Big Red Dog (film)#Sequel|''Clifford the Big Red Dog 2'']] | co-production with [[Lionsgate Canada#eOne Films|eOne Films]], [[Jordan Kerner|The Kerner Entertainment Company]], New Republic Pictures, and [[Scholastic Corporation|Scholastic Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2021/11/clifford-the-big-red-dog-getting-sequel-from-paramount-1234879519/ |title='Clifford The Big Red Dog' Getting Sequel From Paramount |website=Deadline Hollywood |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=November 23, 2021 |access-date=April 16, 2024 |archive-date=April 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415135439/https://deadline.com/2021/11/clifford-the-big-red-dog-getting-sequel-from-paramount-1234879519/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | ''[[Children of Blood and Bone#Film adaptation|Children of Blood and Bone]]'' || co-production with [[Temple Hill Entertainment]] and Sunswept Entertainment<ref>{{cite web|first=Justin|last=Kroll|title=Paramount Pictures Lands Rights To Tomi Adeyemi Best-Selling YA Book Series 'Children Of Blood And Bone'|url=https://deadline.com/2022/01/paramount-pictures-tomi-adeyemi-children-of-blood-and-bone-1234908812/|date=January 12, 2022|website=Deadline Hollywood|access-date=January 13, 2022|archive-date=January 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123204756/https://deadline.com/2022/01/paramount-pictures-tomi-adeyemi-children-of-blood-and-bone-1234908812/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | ''C.O.S.M.O.S.'' || co-production with [[Paramount Animation]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Kit|first=Borys|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/paramount-animation-tom-wheeler-team-for-weird-science-adventure-c-o-s-m-o-s-exclusive|title=Paramount Animation, Tom Wheeler Team for Weird Science Adventure 'C.O.S.M.O.S.' (Exclusive)|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=January 22, 2021|access-date=February 28, 2022|archive-date=February 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225032527/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/paramount-animation-tom-wheeler-team-for-weird-science-adventure-c-o-s-m-o-s-exclusive|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | ''Dropz'' || co-production with [[Paramount Animation]] and [[Gloria Sanchez Productions]]<ref name="Variety">{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/bad-bunny-will-ferrell-dropz-paramount-animation-ramsey-naito-1236026910/|title=Bad Bunny and Will Ferrell Film 'Dropz' Among Five New Projects in Development at Paramount Animation, Says Chief Ramsey Naito (EXCLUSIVE)|last=Giardina|first=Carolyn|date=June 10, 2024|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> |- | [[Face/Off#Remake|Untitled ''Face/Off'' sequel]] |co-production with [[Original Film]] and [[David Permut|Permut Presentations]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2021/02/face-off-remake-adam-wingard-youre-next-godzilla-vs-kong-paramount-1234690371/|title='Face/Off' Facelift To Be Delivered By 'Godzilla Vs Kong' Director Adam Wingard at Paramount|date=February 11, 2021|first=Mike Jr.|last=Fleming|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=February 11, 2021|archive-date=February 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212023243/https://deadline.com/2021/02/face-off-remake-adam-wingard-youre-next-godzilla-vs-kong-paramount-1234690371/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | ''Familiar'' |co-production with [[Walter Hamada|18hz Productions]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Kroll|first=Justin|title=Paramount Lands Julien Magnat Spec ''Familiar'' With Walter Hamada Producing|url=https://deadline.com/2024/07/paramount-julien-magnat-walter-hamada-1236014400/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=July 18, 2024|access-date=July 18, 2024}}</ref> |- | ''Fashionista'' |distribution only; produced by [[Paramount Players]], Ethea Entertainment, and Kellagio Entertainment<ref>{{Cite web |last=Renner |first=Brian D. |title=Everything You Need to Know About Fashionista Movie (Development): Feb. 27, 2022 - changed the title from &quot;Fashionistas&quot; to &quot;Fashionista&quot; |url=https://www.movieinsider.com/m1822/fashionistas |access-date=March 15, 2022 |website=Movie Insider |language=en |archive-date=March 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315080006/https://www.movieinsider.com/m1822/fashionistas |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | ''[[Harbinger (comic book)#Film|Harbinger]]'' |co-production with [[Valiant Entertainment]], [[Roth/Kirschenbaum Films]], and [[Original Film]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=June 21, 2022 |title=Paul Downs Colaizzo In Talks To Replace Wes Ball As Director On Paramount Adaptation Of 'Harbinger' |url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/paul-downs-colaizzo-wes-ball-paramounts-harbinger-1235049480/ |access-date=June 22, 2022 |website=Deadline |language=en-US |archive-date=June 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621195641/https://deadline.com/2022/06/paul-downs-colaizzo-wes-ball-paramounts-harbinger-1235049480/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | ''Heart of the Beast'' |co-production with [[Cedar Park Entertainment]] and [[Damien Chazelle|Wild Chickens Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Kroll|first=Justin|title=David Ayer To Direct ''Heart Of The Beast'' For Paramount, Damien Chazelle Producing |url=https://deadline.com/2024/03/david-ayer-heart-of-the-beast-damien-chazelle-1235865835/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=March 22, 2024|access-date=March 22, 2024}}</ref> |- | ''Hit the Gas'' |co-production with [[Original Film]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Grobar|first=Matt|title=Paramount Preempts Chris McCoy's Thriller Spec 'Hit The Gas'; Neal Moritz To Produce|url=https://deadline.com/2024/05/chris-mccoy-spec-hit-the-gas-acquired-paramount-neal-moritz-to-produce-1235916183/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=May 14, 2024}}</ref> |- | ''[[Harry Houdini|Houdini]]'' |co-production with [[Di Bonaventura Pictures]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2, 2022 |title=Harry Houdini Biopic in the Works at Paramount |url=https://collider.com/harry-houdini-biopic-greenlit-paramount/ |access-date=March 15, 2022 |website=Collider |language=en-US |archive-date=March 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315080006/https://collider.com/harry-houdini-biopic-greenlit-paramount/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | ''Kill Them All'' | <ref>{{cite web|title='Extraction' Director Sam Hargrave To Helm 'Kill Them All' For Paramount|url=https://deadline.com/2024/01/extraction-sam-hargrave-kill-them-all-1235809117/|last=Kroll|first=Justin|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=January 30, 2024|access-date=January 30, 2024}}</ref> |- | ''Muttnik''|| co-production with [[Paramount Animation]] and [[Imagine Entertainment]]<ref name="Variety"/> |- | ''[[Nevermoor: The Trials of Morrigan Crow#Film|Nevermoor]]'' ||co-production with [[Goddard Textiles]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kroll |first1=Justin |title=Paramount Lands Rights To Bestselling Novel 'Nevermoor' With Michael Gracey Attached To Direct |url=https://deadline.com/2022/04/paramount-nevermoor-michael-gracey-1235005045/ |access-date=April 19, 2022 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]] |date=April 18, 2022 |archive-date=April 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418195617/https://deadline.com/2022/04/paramount-nevermoor-michael-gracey-1235005045/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | ''Once Upon a Motorcycle Dude''||co-production with [[Paramount Animation]]<ref name="Variety"/> |- | ''Over Asking'' ||<ref>{{cite web|last=Grobar|first=Matt|title=Paramount Wins Six-Studio Bidding War For Erotic Revenge Thriller Spec ''Over Asking'' From Caroline Dries, Striking Seven-Figure Deal|url=https://deadline.com/2024/07/over-asking-spec-caroline-dries-paramount-bidding-war-1236008882/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=July 12, 2024|access-date=July 12, 2024}}</ref> |- | ''[[Possession (1981 film)#Remake|Possession]]'' || co-production with Bad Feeling, Icki Eneo Arlo and [[Vertigo Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/robert-pattinson-possession-paramount-1235943743/|title=Paramount in Final Talks for Robert Pattinson-Parker Finn's Remake of '80s Horror Movie 'Possession' (Exclusive)|last=Kit|first=Borys|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=July 9, 2024|access-date=July 9, 2024|archive-date=July 9, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709200031/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/robert-pattinson-possession-paramount-1235943743/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | ''[[Pumpkinhead (film series)#Reboot|Pumpkinhead]]'' || co-production with [[Paramount Players]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.joblo.com/pumpkinhead-remake-paramount-players/|title=Pumpkinhead remake coming from Paramount Players?|last=Hamman|first=Cody|work=[[JoBlo.com]]|date=November 15, 2021|access-date=November 15, 2021|archive-date=November 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115210532/https://www.joblo.com/pumpkinhead-remake-paramount-players/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | ''Quinceanerx'' || distribution only; produced by [[Paramount Players]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://deadline.com/2021/03/quinceanerx-kevin-lima-musical-paramount-players-14-year-old-genderfluid-youth-celebrate-rite-of-passage-1234725443/|title=Paramount Players Steps To 'Quinceanerx,' Kevin Lima-Directed Musical On A 14-Year Old Genderfluid Youth Determined To Celebrate A Rite Of Passage|last=Fleming|first=Mike Jr.|date=March 31, 2021|website=Deadline Hollywood|access-date=March 31, 2021|language=en-US|archive-date=March 31, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331202113/https://deadline.com/2021/03/quinceanerx-kevin-lima-musical-paramount-players-14-year-old-genderfluid-youth-celebrate-rite-of-passage-1234725443/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | ''Rabbit Rabbit Rabbit'' | co-production with [[Paramount Players]], [[Atomic Monster]] and [[3 Arts Entertainment]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=May 12, 2022 |title=Paramount Lands Melanie Toast Pitch 'Rabbit Rabbit Rabbit' With 3 Arts And Atomic Monster Producing |url=https://deadline.com/2022/05/paramount-melanie-toast-rabbit-rabbit-rabbit-3-arts-atomic-monster-1235021600/ |access-date=May 15, 2022 |website=Deadline |language=en-US |archive-date=May 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515130934/https://deadline.com/2022/05/paramount-melanie-toast-rabbit-rabbit-rabbit-3-arts-atomic-monster-1235021600/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | ''Rachel Nevada'' | co-production with [[Maximum Effort]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=September 27, 2022 |title=Paramount Lands Pitch 'Rachel Nevada' From Hannah Hafey And Kaitlin Smith; Ryan Reynolds' Maximum Effort Producing |url=https://deadline.com/2022/09/paramount-rachel-nevada-hannah-hafey-kaitlin-smith-ryan-reynolds-1235127902/ |access-date=October 1, 2022 |website=Deadline |language=en-US |archive-date=September 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930093313/https://deadline.com/2022/09/paramount-rachel-nevada-hannah-hafey-kaitlin-smith-ryan-reynolds-1235127902/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | ''[[Rainbow Six (novel)#Film|Rainbow Six]]'' || co-production with [[Skydance Media]], [[Akiva Goldsman#Weed Road Pictures|Weed Road Pictures]], [[Michael B. Jordan|Outlier Society]], and [[87North Productions]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=January 17, 2023 |title='John Wick's Chad Stahelski Tapped To Helm Michael B. Jordan-Led 'Rainbow Six' For Paramount |url=https://deadline.com/2023/01/chad-stahelski-to-helm-michael-b-jordan-led-rainbow-six-for-paramount-1235224819/ |access-date=January 18, 2023 |website=Deadline |language=en-US |archive-date=January 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117235438/https://deadline.com/2023/01/chad-stahelski-to-helm-michael-b-jordan-led-rainbow-six-for-paramount-1235224819/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | ''Real Pigeons Fight Crime''|| co-production with [[Paramount Animation]]<ref name="Variety"/> |- | ''Rosaline Palmer Takes the Cake'' || co-production with [[Original Film]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2022/07/original-film-rosaline-palmer-takes-the-cake-1235064183/|title=David Mandell Adapting Alexis Hall Novel 'Rosaline Palmer Takes The Cake' For Original Film|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=July 14, 2022|access-date=July 15, 2022|archive-date=July 15, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715035342/https://deadline.com/2022/07/original-film-rosaline-palmer-takes-the-cake-1235064183/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | ''[[The Saint (Simon Templar)#In film|The Saint]]'' || co-production with [[Di Bonaventura Pictures]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Doug Liman to Direct Paramount's 'The Saint' Reboot|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/doug-liman-direct-paramount-the-saint-1235667049/|last=Vlessing|first=Etan|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=November 20, 2023|access-date=January 4, 2024}}</ref> |- | ''[[Ferris Bueller's Day Off#Spin-off|Sam & Victor's Day Off]]'' || co-production with Make Good Content and Counterbalance Entertainment<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2022/08/ferris-buellers-day-off-spinoff-cobra-kai-creators-bill-posley-paramount-pictures-1235088658/|title='Ferris Bueller's Day Off' Spinoff From 'Cobra Kai' Creators & Bill Posley In Works At Paramount Pictures|last=Cordero|first=Rosy|date=August 19, 2022|access-date=August 20, 2022|archive-date=August 19, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819221822/https://deadline.com/2022/08/ferris-buellers-day-off-spinoff-cobra-kai-creators-bill-posley-paramount-pictures-1235088658/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | ''[[Sleepy Hollow (film)#Reboot|Sleepy Hollow]]'' || co-production with [[Todd Garner|Broken Road Productions]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=June 10, 2022 |title=Lindsey Beer To Write And Direct A Reboot Of 'Sleepy Hollow' For Paramount |url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/lindsey-beer-sleepy-hollow-paramount-1235042918/ |access-date=June 11, 2022 |website=Deadline |language=en-US |archive-date=June 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611020545/https://deadline.com/2022/06/lindsey-beer-sleepy-hollow-paramount-1235042918/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | ''[[Sunset Boulevard (musical)#Film adaptation|Sunset Boulevard]]'' || co-production with [[The Really Useful Group]] and [[Glenn Close|Trillium Productions]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Donnellan |first=Sara|title=Glenn Close Says 'Sunset Boulevard' Remake Is 'Moving Forward': 'I'm Not Giving Up' (Exclusive)|url=https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/glenn-close-is-striking-in-all-black-at-varietys-power-of-women-event/|website=[[Us Weekly]]|date=May 2, 2024}}</ref> |- | ''Superworld'' || co-production with [[Paramount Animation]] and [[Temple Hill Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|title=Paramount Animation Developing 'Superworld' Movie Based On Yarrow & Carrie Cheney Book Series|url=https://deadline.com/2023/09/paramount-animation-superworld-1235553267/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=September 21, 2023}}</ref> |- | ''[[Susan Headley|Susie Thunder]]'' || co-production with Epic Magazine<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=May 10, 2022 |title='Pet Sematary' Writer-Director Lindsey Beer Signs Overall Deal With Paramount, 'Susie Thunder' Pic In Development As Part Of Deal |url=https://deadline.com/2022/05/pet-sematary-writer-director-lindsey-beer-paramount-susie-thunder-1235020009/ |access-date=June 11, 2022 |website=Deadline |language=en-US |archive-date=June 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610213820/https://deadline.com/2022/05/pet-sematary-writer-director-lindsey-beer-paramount-susie-thunder-1235020009/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | ''Swan Lake'' || co-production with [[Paramount Animation]] and [[Temple Hill Entertainment]]<ref name="Variety"/> |- | ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: The Last Ronin#Film|Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: The Last Ronin]]'' |co-production with [[Walter Hamada|18hz Productions]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Kit|first=Borys|title=Live-Action, R-Rated 'Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles' Movie in the Works from Producer Walter Hamada (Exclusive)|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/teenage-mutant-ninja-turtles-last-ronin-movie-1235871493/|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=April 11, 2024|access-date=April 11, 2024}}</ref> |- | ''Thicc'' || co-production with [[Todd Garner|Broken Road Productions]], ''[[New York (magazine)|New York]]'' and [[Vox Media Studios]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Scotty Landes Tapped To Pen 'Thicc,' Comedy On Offensive Lineman Turned Male Model For Paramount Pictures|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|first=Matt|last=Grobar|date=15 July 2024|access-date=15 July 2024|url=https://deadline.com/2024/07/thicc-movie-scotty-landes-paramount-development-1236010606/}}</ref> |- | ''[[To Catch a Thief (novel)#Adaptations|To Catch a Thief]]'' || co-production with Pilot Wave and [[Original Film]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=January 11, 2022 |title=Eileen Jones Tapped To Pen Paramount's 'To Catch A Thief' Reboot Starring Gal Gadot |url=https://deadline.com/2022/01/eileen-jones-paramounts-to-catch-a-thief-reboot-gal-gadot-1234908113/ |access-date=January 11, 2022 |website=Deadline |language=en-US |archive-date=January 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112024833/https://deadline.com/2022/01/eileen-jones-paramounts-to-catch-a-thief-reboot-gal-gadot-1234908113/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | [[G.I. Joe (film series)#Untitled Transformers/G.I. Joe crossover|Untitled ''Transformers''/''G.I. Joe'' crossover]] |co-production with [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]], [[Skydance Media]], [[Di Bonaventura Pictures]], [[Michael Bay|Bayhem Films]] and [[Hasbro Entertainment]] |- | [[Cloverfield (franchise)#Future|Untitled fourth ''Cloverfield'' film]]||co-production with [[Bad Robot]]<ref name="Cloverfield 4_DenofGeek">{{cite web|url=http://www.denofgeek.com/us/movies/cloverfield/273003/cloverfield-4-is-not-overlord-but-a-true-sequel|title=Cloverfield 4 Is Not Overlord, But a "True" Sequel|work=Den of Geek|date=April 26, 2018|access-date=March 17, 2022|archive-date=July 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729143718/https://www.denofgeek.com/us/movies/cloverfield/273003/cloverfield-4-is-not-overlord-but-a-true-sequel|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Cloverfield 4_THR">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=January 29, 2021|title='Cloverfield' Sequel in the Works With Batman TV Spinoff Showrunner (Exclusive)|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/cloverfield-sequel-in-the-works-with-batman-tv-spinoff-showrunner-exclusive|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129214922/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/cloverfield-sequel-in-the-works-with-batman-tv-spinoff-showrunner-exclusive |archive-date=January 29, 2021 |access-date=March 17, 2022|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> |- | [[Development of Star Trek 4|Untitled fourth ''Star Trek'' film]] || co-production with [[Skydance Media]] and [[Bad Robot]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Kalinda Vazquez Set By Paramount To Script Original 'Star Trek' Movie|url=https://deadline.com/2021/03/star-trek-movie-kalinda-vazquez-jj-abrams-paramount-1234706899/|last=Fleming|first=Mike Jr.|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=March 4, 2021|access-date=April 10, 2021|archive-date=March 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305100056/https://deadline.com/2021/03/star-trek-movie-kalinda-vazquez-jj-abrams-paramount-1234706899/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="schedule 4/21"/> |- | Untitled [[H. G. Wells]] film | co-production with [[OddBall Entertainment]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=March 28, 2022 |title=Paramount Developing H.G. Wells Project From Wes Ball's OddBall Entertainment; Laura Gillis Tapped To Write Latest Draft Of The Script |url=https://deadline.com/2022/03/paramount-developing-hg-wells-film-from-wes-ball-laura-gillis-scripting-1234989193/ |access-date=March 29, 2022 |website=Deadline |language=en-US |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328210938/https://deadline.com/2022/03/paramount-developing-hg-wells-film-from-wes-ball-laura-gillis-scripting-1234989193/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | [[The Longest Yard (1974 film)|Untitled ''The Longest Yard'' remake]] | co-production with [[Gunpowder & Sky]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=White|first1=Peter|last2=Grobar|first2=Matt|title='The Longest Yard' Movie Remake In The Works At Paramount From Gunpowder & Sky; Rodney Barnes To Write|url=https://deadline.com/2023/11/the-longest-yard-remake-paramount-rodney-barnes-1235562877/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=November 6, 2023|access-date=November 6, 2023}}</ref> |- | Untitled [[Mindy Kaling]] comedy || co-production with [[Paramount Animation]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Mindy Kaling Developing Original Comedy Movie with Paramount Animation |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2024/09/mindy-kaling-developing-original-comedy-movie-with-paramount-animation/ |access-date=5 September 2024 |work=Animation Magazine |date=September 4, 2024}}</ref> |- | [[Rugrats#Live action film|Untitled ''Rugrats'' live-action film]] | co-production with [[Nickelodeon Movies]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gajewski|first=Ryan|title='Rugrats' Live-Action Movie in the Works From Director Jason Moore and 'SNL' Team|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/rugrats-live-action-jason-moore-paramount-1236022454/|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=October 2, 2024}}</ref> |- | Untitled [[Spice Girls]] film |co-production with [[Paramount Animation]] and [[19 Entertainment]]<ref name="PA2020s" /> |- | [[The Tomorrow War#Sequel|Untitled ''The Tomorrow War'' sequel]] | co-production with [[Amazon MGM Studios]] and [[Skydance Media]]<ref>{{cite news |author1=Adam B. Vary |title='Tomorrow War' Sequel Talks Underway With Chris Pratt, Director Chris McKay Returning |url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/tomorrow-war-sequel-chris-pratt-chris-mckay-amazon-skydance-1235015105/ |access-date=16 April 2024 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=July 8, 2021}}</ref> |- | [[Top Gun: Maverick#Future|Untitled third ''Top Gun'' film]] |co-production with [[Skydance Media]], [[TC Productions]] and [[Jerry Bruckheimer Films]]<ref>{{cite web|title=''Top Gun 3'' In The Works At Paramount Following Tom Cruise Warner Bros Pact|url=https://deadline.com/2024/01/top-gun-3-tom-cruise-1235722328/|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=January 12, 2024|access-date=February 12, 2024}}</ref> |- | Untitled [[TikTok]] horror film | co-production with [[Paramount Players]] and [[Original Film]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=June 15, 2022 |title=Paramount & Original Film Take To Jason Pagan & Andrew Deutschman Horror Pitch Inspired By TikTok Videos |url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/tiktok-horror-pitch-paramount-original-film-jason-pagan-andrew-deutschman-1235046475/ |access-date=June 22, 2022 |website=Deadline |language=en-US |archive-date=June 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622103502/https://deadline.com/2022/06/tiktok-horror-pitch-paramount-original-film-jason-pagan-andrew-deutschman-1235046475/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | ''[[Vertigo (film)#Potential remake|Vertigo]]'' | co-production with [[Davis Entertainment]] and [[Team Downey]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fleming |first=Mike Jr. |date=March 23, 2023 |title=Paramount Sets Remake Of Hitchcock's 'Vertigo' As Potential Robert Downey Jr-Starrer; Steven Knight To Write Script & Davis Entertainment To Produce With Team Downey |url=https://deadline.com/2023/03/vertigo-remake-robert-downey-jr-steven-knight-alfred-hitchcock-james-stewart-paramount-pictures-davis-entertainment-team-downey-1235308636/ |access-date=March 23, 2023 |website=Deadline Hollywood |language=en-US |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323203653/https://deadline.com/2023/03/vertigo-remake-robert-downey-jr-steven-knight-alfred-hitchcock-james-stewart-paramount-pictures-davis-entertainment-team-downey-1235308636/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | ''Yokai Samba''|| co-production with [[Paramount Animation]] and [[Nickelodeon Movies]]<ref name="Variety"/> |- | ''You Should Be Dancing''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-19 |title=You Should Be Dancing |url=https://productionlist.com/production/you-should-be-dancing/ |access-date=2024-08-25 |website=Production List {{!}} Film & Television Industry Alliance |language=en-US}}</ref> | co-production with [[Amblin Entertainment]], [[GK Films]], [[Scott Free Productions]] and Sister<ref name="schedule 4/21" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Fleming |first=Mike Jr. |date=March 10, 2021 |title=Kenneth Branagh To Direct Bee Gees Movie For Paramount |url=https://deadline.com/2021/03/bee-gees-movie-kenneth-branagh-directs-barry-gibb-paramount-bohemian-rhapsody-producer-graham-king-ben-elton-1234711502/ |access-date=October 19, 2021 |archive-date=March 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329115716/https://deadline.com/2021/03/bee-gees-movie-kenneth-branagh-directs-barry-gibb-paramount-bohemian-rhapsody-producer-graham-king-ben-elton-1234711502/ |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 30, 2022 |title=John Carney to Direct Untitled Bee Gees Biopic for Paramount |url=https://collider.com/bee-gees-biopic-john-carney-directing-paramount/ |access-date=March 31, 2022 |website=Collider |language=en-US |archive-date=March 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331042213/https://collider.com/bee-gees-biopic-john-carney-directing-paramount/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=March 30, 2022 |title='Once' Director John Carney To Direct Bee Gees Biopic For Paramount; John Logan To Pen Script |url=https://deadline.com/2022/03/john-carney-bee-gees-biopic-for-paramount-and-sisters-1234990482/ |access-date=March 31, 2022 |website=Deadline |language=en-US |archive-date=March 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330235429/https://deadline.com/2022/03/john-carney-bee-gees-biopic-for-paramount-and-sisters-1234990482/ |url-status=live }}</ref><!-- Do not revert as the film is taken off schedule; Amblin Entertainment is production company so don’t remove --> |- | ''[[Your Name#Live-action film|Your Name]]'' | co-production with [[Bad Robot]] and [[Toho]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Borys Kit |date=September 27, 2017 |title=J.J. Abrams, Paramount Team Up for Sci-Fi Love Story 'Your Name' |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/jj-abrams-paramount-team-up-sci-fi-love-story-your-name-1043907 |access-date=September 28, 2017 |archive-date=September 28, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928002812/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/jj-abrams-paramount-team-up-sci-fi-love-story-your-name-1043907 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Dave McNary |date=September 27, 2017 |title=J.J. Abrams Developing Remake of Japanese Hit 'Your Name' With Paramount |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/j-j-abrams-your-name-remake-paramount-1202574994/ |access-date=September 28, 2017 |archive-date=September 28, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928022319/http://variety.com/2017/film/news/j-j-abrams-your-name-remake-paramount-1202574994/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |} ==Related pages== *[[List of Paramount Pictures movies]] ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091228012257/http://www.paramount.com/studio/library/complete-library Paramount Pictures Complete Library] {{DEFAULTSORT:Paramount Pictures movies (2020-2029)}} [[Category:Lists of movies| 2020–2029]] [[Category:Paramount Pictures movies| 2020–2029]] [[Category:American movies by studio| 2020–2029]] injgewtivhenlg1l4z434g4122uycrh 0 1115702 10368740 9616024 2025-07-03T02:25:55Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 typo: duplication with an extra space and a redundant line break 10368740 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Věž bývalého Telecomu.jpg|thumb|The complex in 2007]] The '''CETIN building''' is a building complex in [[Žižkov]], [[Prague 3]] district. It is near [[Olšany Cemetery]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.e15.cz/byznys/reality-a-stavebnictvi/mobil-s-osmikilovou-baterii-i-dalnopis-s-azbukou-vez-na-olsanech-ukryva-okouzlujici-technicke-retro-1335247|title=Mobil s osmikilovou baterií i dálnopis s azbukou. Věž na Olšanech ukrývá okouzlující technické retro|website=E15.cz|language=Czech|access-date=2019-03-15}}</ref> It was built in 1979 as the Central Telecommunications Building ([[Czech language|Czech]]: ''Ústřední telekomunikační budova''),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lidovky.cz/byznys/firmy-a-trhy/v-mordoru-je-vylidneno-jako-ve-meste-duchu-ikona-zizkova-chatra.A160729_155005_firmy-trhy_pave|title=V ‚Mordoru‘ je vylidněno jako ve městě duchů. Ikona Žižkova chátrá|date=2016-07-31|website=Lidovky.cz|language=cs|access-date=2019-03-15}}</ref> It became the [[headquarter]]s of many large [[operator]]s. After the Czech Republic was formed after the [[Velvet Revolution]], [[SPT Telecom]] and [[O2 Czech Republic]] both used it. In 2017, the complex was bought by the developer [[Central Group (Czech developer)|Central Group]]. It was the [[headquarter]]s of the [[CETIN]] until 2022. To the roof, it is 85 meters tall. It is 96 meters tall in total with its antenna.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/telefonica-o2/11192|title=Telefonica O2 - The Skyscraper Center|website=skyscrapercenter.com|access-date=2019-03-15}}</ref> == References == <references /> {{Coord|50|5|0.88|N|14|28|8.19|E|display=title}} [[Category:Towers]] [[Category:1970s establishments in Czechoslovakia]] [[Category:1979 establishments in Europe]] kfcxssvx98mu1l912mhz7bv7unkxm5y 0 1116213 10368817 10335566 2025-07-03T03:10:59Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Menasha, Wisconsin | settlement_type = [[City (Wisconsin)|City]] | nickname = | motto = "Your Place on the Water" | image_skyline = Downtown Menasha.jpg | imagesize = 250px | image_caption = Downtown Menasha | image_flag = | image_seal = <!-- Maps --> | image_map = File:Calumet County Wisconsin Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Menasha Highlighted.svg | mapsize = 250px | map_caption = Location of Menasha in Winnebago and Calumet counties, Wisconsin. | pushpin_map = Wisconsin#USA | pushpin_label = Menasha | pushpin_relief = yes <!-- Location -->| subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|United States}} | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Wisconsin}} | subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Wisconsin|Counties]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Winnebago County, Wisconsin|Winnebago]], [[Calumet County, Wisconsin|Calumet]] <!-- Government -->| government_footnotes = | government_type = Mayor-council government | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Austin Hammond | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | established_title = First settled | established_date = 1835 | unit_pref = Imperial | area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_55.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=October 30, 2021}}</ref> | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 20.16 | area_land_km2 = 15.66 | area_water_km2 = 4.50 | area_total_sq_mi = 7.78 | area_land_sq_mi = 6.05 | area_water_sq_mi = 1.74 <!-- Population -->| population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]] | population_footnotes = <ref name="QF"/> | population_total = 18268 | population_density_km2 = 7825.64 | population_density_sq_mi = 3,021.5 | pop_est_footnotes = | population_est = | pop_est_as_of = <!-- General information -->| timezone = [[Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]] | utc_offset = −6 | timezone_DST = CDT | utc_offset_DST = −5 | elevation_footnotes = <ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=October 25, 2007}}</ref> | elevation_m = 230 | elevation_ft = 755 | coordinates = {{coord|44|13|N|88|26|W|region:US-WI_type:city|display=inline,title}} | postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]] | postal_code = 54952<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zipdatamaps.com/54952|title=Menasha WI ZIP Code|publisher=zipdatamaps.com|year=2023|access-date=February 10, 2023}}</ref> | area_code = [[Area code 920|920]] | area_code_type = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]] | blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]] | blank_info = 55-50825<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> | blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID | blank1_info = 1569330<ref name="GR3" /> | website = [http://www.menashawi.gov menashawi.gov] | footnotes = | name = | established_title1 = Incorporated as a town | established_date1 = 1848 | established_title2 = Incorporated as a village | established_date2 = 1853 | established_title3 = Incorporated as a city | established_date3 = 1874 | population_demonym = Menashan | named_for = Winnebago word for "Island"<ref>{{cite book|author=Chicago and North Western Railway Company|title=A History of the Origin of the Place Names Connected with the Chicago & North Western and Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railways|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OspBAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA101|year=1908|page=101}}</ref> }} '''Menasha''' is a city in [[Calumet County, Wisconsin|Calumet]] and [[Winnebago County, Wisconsin|Winnebago]] counties in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Wisconsin]]. As of the [[2020 United States Census|2020 census]], 18,268 people live in Menasha.<ref name="QF">{{cite web |title=QuickFacts: Menasha city, Wisconsin |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/menashacitywisconsin |publisher=US Census Bureau |accessdate=May 27, 2025}}</ref> ==History== [[File:A View of the Butte Des Morts Treaty Ground; With the Arrival of the Commissioners Gov. Lewis Cass and Col. McKenny, from The Aboriginal Portfolio - SAAM - 1973.167.48.jpg|thumb|left|An illustration of Butte Des Morts in 1827]] Ancestors of the [[Ho-Chunk]] occupied what is currently Menasha. In the 1600s, the [[Meskwaki]] established a village just north of Menasha. A surprise attack by French soldiers and traders resulted in the deaths of nearly all Meskwaki residing in the area. The bodies were subsequently interred in a large mound, known as Butte des Morts ("Hill of the Dead"), which served as a prominent landmark until its destruction by the [[Chicago and North Western Railway]] in 1863.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-07-27 |title=A Brief History of Menasha |url=https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS2423 |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=Wisconsin Historical Society |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lawson |first=Publius V. |url=https://www.loc.gov/resource/gdcmassbookdig.summaryofarcheol00laws/?sp=22&st=image |title=Summary of the archeology of Winnebago County, Wisconsin |date=1903 |others=Wisconsin archeological society. (from old catalog) |location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin |language=English}}</ref> In 1836, the land was ceded to the United States in the [[Treaty of the Cedars]]. This opened up land for public sale, and territorial governor [[James Duane Doty]] was one of the first investors in the land. In 1848, Doty and his associates, including [[Curtis Reed (politician)|Curtis Reed]], formed the town of Menasha on the channel north of Doty Island.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Menasha History |url=https://www.menashawi.gov/residents/history.php |access-date=2023-07-27 |website=www.menashawi.gov}}</ref> In 1849, Reed and Doty were successful in convincing the United States government to place the navigational channel of the Fox-Wisconsin waterway through the north channel in Menasha.<ref name=":0" /> In 1854 Menasha approved $150,000 in bonding to bring the Manitowoc & Mississippi Railroad in with the intent of establishing Menasha as the principal transportation axis in Wisconsin. Menasha was incorporated as a city in 1874, and at that point was considered to be a transportation hub.<ref name=":0" /> [[File:Menasha Hub Spoke and Bending Factory, Menasha in Winnebago County, Wisconsin, from 1880 book History of Winnebago County, Wisconsin, and early history of the Northwest.jpg|thumb|left|Former Menasha Hub Spoke and Bending Factory]] The early 1900s saw a shift to industrial production of general and specialized papers.<ref name=":0" /> Menasha was home to many paper mills including the George A. Whiting Paper Company Mill, the John Strange Paper Mill, Island Paper Company, and Gilbert Paper Company, to name a few. Menasha was also home to the [[George Banta Publishing Company]] which published textbooks, military manuals, yearbooks, and magazines. Menasha Corporation also called Menasha home. It was established in 1849 by Elisha D. Smith as Menasha Wooden Ware.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=The History of Menasha |url=https://www.menasha.com/history/ |access-date=2023-07-27 |website=Menasha Packaging |language=en-US}}</ref> It produced wooden containers like butter tubs and barrels and eventually became the world's largest wooden ware products manufacturer. After wooden ware products fell out of use in the early 1900s, Menasha Wooden Ware shifted to the corrugated packaging business, changing its name to Menasha Corporation.<ref name=":1" /> ==Geography== [[File:MenashaDamMenashaWisconsin.jpg|thumb|Menasha Dam]] Menasha is located at {{coord|44|13|N|88|26|W|type:city}} (44.2129, −88.4362).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|7.78|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which, {{convert|6.05|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|1.74|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020"/> ==Parks and recreation== [[File:UWFoxValleyBarlowPlanetarium.jpg|thumb|Barlow Planetarium]] [[File:FriendshipStateTrailMenashaWisconsin.jpg|thumb|The Loop the Little Lake Trail]] The 91-acre Heckrodt Wetland Reserve is an urban nature reserve with habitats including forested wetland, cattail marsh, open water, created prairie, open field, and upland forest.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Heckrodt Wetland Reserve {{!}} Urban Nature Reserve {{!}} Menasha, WI |url=https://heckrodtnaturecenter.org/ |access-date=2022-08-16 |website=Heckrodt Wetland Reserve |language=en-US}}</ref> The [[University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh, Fox Cities Campus]] houses the [[Weis Earth Science Museum]] and the [[Barlow Planetarium]]. Menasha contains numerous parks. It has a public pool in Jefferson Park.<ref>https://cms5.revize.com/revize/menasha/Park%20list2020.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402082845/https://cms5.revize.com/revize/menasha/Park%20list2020.pdf |date=2023-04-02 }} {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2022}}</ref> Smith Park is the oldest park in the Menasha Park system, established in 1897. A railroad caboose in Smith Park commemorates the original Wisconsin Central Railroad. At the southern end of the park are several Native American burial mounds and a natural amphitheater used for summer concerts. The north end of the park features semi-formal gardens planted each year with approximately 6,000 annuals, a setting that is a favorite for summer weddings. A gazebo funded with corporate donations was built in this area in 1997.<ref>https://cms5.revize.com/revize/menasha/Parks%20&%20Rec/4.OpenSpacePlan_Final_Resolution_8-2012.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816153931/https://cms5.revize.com/revize/menasha/Parks%20%26%20Rec/4.OpenSpacePlan_Final_Resolution_8-2012.pdf |date=2022-08-16 }} {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2022}}</ref> ==Education== [[File:Menasha High School.jpg|thumb|Menasha High School]] Menasha's Public School system, called the Menasha Joint School District has one high school ([[Menasha High School]]), one middle school, and five elementary schools. Parochial education is offered at St. Mary Catholic Elementary School, Bethel Lutheran School (elementary and middle), and Trinity Lutheran School (elementary and middle). Menasha is home to the [[University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh, Fox Cities Campus]], a two-year campus part of the UW System. ==Friendly cities== * {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Maebashi]], Japan<ref>{{Cite web |title=メナーシャ市{{!}}前橋市 |url=https://www.city.maebashi.gunma.jp/gyosei/8/3/1/13423.html |access-date=2022-08-16 |website=www.city.maebashi.gunma.jp |language=ja}}</ref> == Notes == {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category|Menasha, Wisconsin}} * [http://www.menashawi.gov City of Menasha] * {{Cite Collier's|short=x|wstitle=Menasha}} {{Wisconsin}} {{Calumet County, Wisconsin}} {{Winnebago County, Wisconsin}} {{US-geo-stub}} [[Category:Cities in Wisconsin]] [[Category:Calumet County, Wisconsin]] [[Category:Winnebago County, Wisconsin]] sak19ujl4vpw7ppl69vqls7sx6c9e5i 0 1116245 10367547 10350105 2025-07-02T11:59:33Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: Reminder of an inactive anchor: [[Koli clans and titles#Chivhe Kolis|Chivhe]] 10367547 wikitext text/x-wiki The [[Koli ethnic group|Koli]] is a [[ethnic group|ethnic group]] of [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] which is mostly found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian States]] of [[Gujarat]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Goa|Goa]] and [[Sindh]] [[Administrative units of Pakistan|province]] of [[Pakistan]]. Here are a series of [[Revolution|revolts]] of [[Koli ethnic group|koli ethnic group]] in inhabited areas. [[File:Jhalkari Bai statue Agra, Uttar Pradesh.jpg|thumb|Statue of [[Jhalkaribai Koli]] who led the [[Indian independence movement]] in [[Bundelkhand]] region of [[Uttar Pradesh]] in 1857]] [[File:Statue of Naik Raghoji Rao Bhangre in Akola, Maharashtra.jpg|thumb|Statue of [[Raghoji Bhangre|Raghoji Bhangare]] who challenged the [[British Raj]] in [[Maharashtra]]]] == British Indian Empire == === Kheda of Gujarat === At the beginning of the nineteenth century, [[Koli Patel|Kolis]] posed a serious "law and order" problem for the new government of [[East India Company]], [[British Raj|British]] officials to declare that [[Koli clans of Gujarat|Kolis]] are one of the most "turbulent, predatory tribes in India". Many Kolis resided in villages outside the EIC's territorial jurisdiction but viewed the imposition of new legislation and colonization in the territory as a direct challenge to established local customs.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Chaturvedi|first=Vinayak|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MzPlZSOjCpsC&q=Dharala+Koli|title=Peasant Pasts: History and Memory in Western India|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|year=2007|isbn=978-0-520-25076-5|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]n|pages=30–33|language=en}}</ref> [[Koli rebellion against Maratha empire|Koli]] [[Tribal chief|chieftains]] and their peasant supporters were threatened by the British government settling the agricultural plains and establishing new modes of governance in the area. In protest, some [[Koli Zamidar|Koli zamidars]] filed petitions in the Court (Adalat) in [[Kheda]], stating that, according to local custom, the government had no authority over Kolis. Other chieftains simply ignored the authority of the EIC and organized peasant raids into towns and villages in [[British Raj|British]] territory, claiming a customary right to plunder villages as a form of their own tax collection, or a levy called giras. The district magistrate responded by stating such actions were "evil" and perpetuated by Koli chieftains.<ref name=":2" /> By 1808, Koli chieftains had begun organizing raids into towns and villages in the territory controlled by the EIC, to steal crops and other possessions. The town of [[Dholka]] and its neighboring villages became favorite targets. Dholka was in the northern borderlands of British territory, adjacent to land controlled by the chieftains. Groups of armed kolis, numbering between fifty and a hundred Kolis, easily entered Dholka and returned to their respective villages without difficulty. British officials lacked the manpower and local knowledge of the terrain to capture these men. However, there were instances when a chieftain was arrested and jailed for leading attacks on Dholka, as in the case of Bachur Khokani. On 20 February 1808, within a few days of Khokani's capture, a group of fifty Kolis stormed the jail and released their leader. Policemen were killed and six were wounded in the battle, and apparently, on the very same night, Khokani and his men organized another raid on the town.<ref name=":2" /> In an attempt to prevent further raids on Dholka, Kheda's magistrate, R. Holford, coordinated a plan that required local elites within the EIC's control to capture the raiders. Holford recognized the limitations of the EIC's power to arrest individuals residing outside its control, but he believed that British officials could force the elites who had villages within their legal jurisdiction to cooperate. The outcome of the official strategy had some success: in 1810, large numbers of Kolis had been arrested and convicted of crimes against the East India Company. Judge H. W. Diggle recommended that the prisoners to be transported to the British colony the [[Penang|Prince of Wales Island]] (for merly called [[Penang]]), or to a distant jail, for a minimum of seven years. It was argued that such an extreme measure would "overawe" and "check the daring and ferocious nature" of Kolis while simultaneously serving as a deterrent for others. However, as in the case of Bachur Khokani, a group of four hundred to five hundred armed men descended upon the jail at Kheda and released the imprisoned Kolis. Most of the prisoners dispersed into areas outside of British jurisdiction and were saved just days before being transported to the Prince of Wales Island. The raids continued in Dholka, and colonial officials urged the EIC to increase the size of the police force in Kheda. In addition, officials requested the support of soldiers from neighboring [[Baroda State]], who were supposed to have local intelligence networks in the border lands that could be used for recapturing the convicted Kolis and their accomplices. But the outcome of using greater force had a minimal impact on what had developed into a serious law and order problem for the EIC. Colonial officials were not able to prevent Koli rebels. Earlier attempts to press chieftains to cooperate in preventing attacks on gov ernment towns and villages had had limited results.<ref name=":2" /> In 1824, A. Crawford, the district collector of neighboring [[Ahmedabad]], suggested that a new strategy be adopted, including forcibly taking the possessions of Koli chieftains suspected of participating in the attacks or simply having any information about them. In addition, Crawford introduced the idea of using the military to destroy villages where Koli chieftains were hiding. This strategy marked an important departure from the policy of not entering areas that lay outside the jurisdiction of the EIC with the intention of using military force to capture chieftains or other raiders. However, the idea of completely destroying villages as a way to create "future peaceable conduct" did not prevent Kolis from challenging the authority and legitimacy of the EIC, and certainly it did not eliminate the armed excursions into British-controlled territory. In fact, it further intensified the demands of those Kolis who had been claiming that their customs and privileges were being violated by colonial officials.<ref name=":2" /> The raids continued through the 1830s with some regularity. Crawford to British officials, "Some special regulations should be made about the Kolis. No measures of ordinary severity have any effect. We never hear of a reformed Koli, or of one whose mode of life places him beyond suspicion. All seem alike, rich and poor, those whose necessities afford them an excuse for crime and those whose condition places them out of the reach of distress, are alike ready on the first opportunity to plunder. But by the 1840s, the application of colonial policies and the use of military force led to the subsidence of Koli attacks in British-controlled territory. Officials argued that the character of all Kolis-chieftains and peasants had improved, as many kolis had taken up settled agriculture and become hardworking and peaceable. Despite this acknowledgment of the transformation among the Kolis, the early-nineteenth-century encounters continued to influence the implementation of official policies in the district. In begin of 1857 and 1858, the government imposed regulations restricting Kolis from carrying weapons in Kheda district but kolis again raised.<ref name=":2" /> === Khanpur of Gujarat === In July 1857, the [[Koli caste|Kolis]] of Maliwad clan in [[Khanpur, Gujarat|Khanpur]] of [[Lunavada State]] challenged the British rule under their leader Surajmal<ref>{{Cite book|last=Copland|first=Ian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PxFuAAAAMAAJ|title=The British Raj and the Indian Princes: Paramountcy in Western India, 1857-1930|publisher=[[Orient Longman]]|year=1982|isbn=978-0-86131-210-8|location=New Delhi, India|pages=90|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ddUgAAAAMAAJ|title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India|publisher=Usha Publications|year=1985|location=New Delhi, India|pages=819|language=en}}</ref> after death of surajmal, kolis again raised and attacked the British troops under new koli chieftain Jivabhai [[Thakor]] of Khanpur.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Yecurī|first=Sītārāma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k30MAQAAMAAJ|title=The Great Revolt, a Left Appraisal|publisher=[[People's Democracy (newspaper)|People's Democracy]]|year=2008|isbn=978-81-906218-0-9|location=New Delhi, India|pages=169|language=en}}</ref> In December 1857, [[Captain]] Buckle attacked the Khanpur and captured some of the rebels and rest escaped to nearby hills and forests. They gathered again and attacked the British troops with more vigour. Lt. Morey, [[Jemadar|Jamadar]] Nurmohmad, Sheikh Cheda and Emamuddin pursued the Kolis and killed some of them. Then the Kolis fled to the bushes and ravines of the river. The two kolis were shot by the order of Buckle but [[British Indian Army|British army]] also lost three horsemen. The koli prisoners of Khanpur were transported to life, while non-koli prisoners of Khanpur were released after they witnessed the execution of their koli [[Koli clans and titles|chieftain]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dharaiya|first=Ramanlal Kakalbhai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wps5AQAAIAAJ|title=Gujarat in 1857|publisher=[[Gujarat University]]|year=1970|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=32|language=en}}</ref> The Kolis paid a huge price for their resistance to [[British Raj|British]] rule. They were not only defeated in battle and punished for having dared to resist. but, in the aftermath, these communities were marginalized by the rest of society as outlaws. Being arms-bearing community, they too were disarmed in early 1858 and also forced to practise [[agriculture]]. A majority of kolis were unable to adapt the lifestyle and norms of settled agriculture and were forced to give way to agriculturalist communities like Kanbi or Patidar in the latter half of the nineteenth century.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Yagnik|first=Achyut|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FYDviPFeoSAC&q=Khanpur+Koli|title=Shaping Of Modern Gujarat|date=2005-08-24|publisher=[[Penguin UK]]|isbn=978-81-8475-185-7|location=New Delhi, India|language=en}}</ref> === Chandap of Gujarat === In September 1857, Kolis of [[Chandap]] (Chandup) raised against [[British Raj|British rule]] under [[Koli caste|Koli]] chieftain Nathaji who led the 2000 kolis of Angar, Dubbora and Pratabpur in Mahi Kantha.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Copland|first=Ian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PxFuAAAAMAAJ|title=The British Raj and the Indian Princes: Paramountcy in Western India, 1857-1930|publisher=[[Orient Longman]]|year=1982|isbn=978-0-86131-210-8|location=New Delhi, India|pages=90|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Saṅghavī|first=Nagīnadāsa Purushottamadāsa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zDRwAAAAMAAJ|title=Gujarat: A Political Analysis|publisher=Centre for Social Studies|year=1995|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=108|language=en}}</ref> the Nathaji and Yamaji was Koli brothers, rulers of Chandap and were tributary to Gaikwad of Baroda and [[Rao (title)|Rao]] of [[Idar State|Idar]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rajyagor|first=S. B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-0pAAAAAMAAJ|title=History of Gujarat|publisher=S. Chand|year=1982|location=New Delhi, India|pages=422|language=en}}</ref> On 16 September 1857, the [[Maharaja]] [[Gaekwad dynasty|Gaekwad]] of [[Baroda State]] issued a proclamation not to rise to the people of [[Chandap]] under the [[Mahi Kantha Agency|Mahikantha agency]] and posted the 10 horsemen but Nathaji resisted the posting of horsemen so the kolis assembled together instant and attacked the Thana of that place in which a [[sowar]] of the Gaekwad Government was killed and two wounded and property plundered.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lobo|first=Lancy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ|title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region|publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation|year=1995|isbn=978-81-7075-035-2|location=New Delhi, India|pages=109|language=en}}</ref> The rising of Kolis affected the law and order situation in [[Vijapur]], [[Kheralu]] and [[Vadnagar]] Taluqas of [[Vadodara|Baroda]]. At the end of year, koli rebellion was crushed by the combined forces of Baroda State and British troops who destroyed the Chandap village. The kolis with stiff attitude under Nathaji continued their resistance from the hills.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dharaiya|first=Ramanlal Kakalbhai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wps5AQAAIAAJ|title=Gujarat in 1857|publisher=[[Gujarat University]]|year=1970|location=New Delhi, India|pages=38–40|language=en}}</ref> === Peth or Peint of Maharashtra === In December 1857, [[Nashik district|Nashik]] [[List of districts of Maharashtra|district]] was effected by the [[Indian independence movement]] and the Peint [[Jagir]] became centre of [[Rebellion|rebellious]] activities. The rebel [[Koli caste|Kolis]] plundered the [[Harsol]] market on the sixth of December and captured the Mamlatdar. From there they attacked Peint where Koli rebels numbering about 2,000 captured the [[Lieutenant]] Glasspool and his 30 officers. The Koli [[Raja]] Bhagvantrao was suspected and arrested by British government. He was also a "correspondent" of [[Nanasaheb]] [[Peshwa]]. After a trial, koli king and fifteen officials were sentenced and hanged on 28 December 1857. In response, the kolis attacked at the court in Peint and then went to the Raja to pay their respects to him. Kolis plundered the treasury of [[Dharampur State]], a comrade state of [[British Raj|British]] rule. The [[Thane]] police then seized two of the leading men in the gang who plundered the treasury in the Dharampoor Raja's territory. there was resistance and one of the policemen was shot by an arrow through the chest and one of the insurgents received a bayonet-wound in the stomach. British official Mr. Boswell started disarming the kolis and suggested that a strong party of police be posted at Peint to guard the treasury and prevent the further disturbances. Later it came out that the rising of the Kolis was planned five or six weeks ago by the late Raja and the [[Dewan]] of Peint and the [[Rani]] who lived in Nashik. Kolis disliked the [[Disarming Act]] and resisted the government. On the hearing that the troops were approaching to peint, kolis withdrew to the jungle in the neighbourhood. On Thursday, the Lieutenant Glasspool arrived with troops and started operations against the insurgents. But his troops being too weak to go out and attack the Kolis in the jungle and at the same time to defend the court and the town, Lieutenant Glasspool could not take any step for nearly a week. But the glasspool was joined by [[Captain]] Nuttall's forces coming from [[Trimbak]]. On the arrival of this new force, Kolis retreated to the south. They played hide and seek for a few days. Occasional fights took place. the Kolis lacked of weapons so they dispersed and hid themselves in different villages. They were gradually traced out and caught. Many of them had migrated to the State of Dharampur where the Raja's forces caught them and handed them over to the Government officials. All the insurgents having been apprehended the rising was ultimately put down. The property of the late Raja was ordered to be annexed in British India and the revenue of his villages was ordered to be collected for Government.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Divekar|first=V. D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XZNuAAAAMAAJ|title=South India in 1857 War of Independence|publisher=Lokmanya Tilak Smarak Trust|year=1993|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=221–225|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sircar|first=Pronob Kumar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZflNEAAAQBAJ&dq=Penth+Kolis&pg=PT106|title=History Of The Andaman Islands: Unsung Heroes and Untold Stories|date=2021-11-09|publisher=[[Notion Press]]|isbn=978-1-63997-605-8|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|language=en}}</ref> === Surat of Gujarat === During the [[Quit India Movement]] of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] in 1942, A large number of 3,000 [[Koli people|Koli]] [[cultivator]]s from Matwad, Karadi, Machhad and Kothmadi in [[Surat]] [[List of districts of Gujarat|District]] fought against British soldiers at Matwad with lathis and dharias on 21 August 1942. In this fight, four persons including one policeman died. The kolis also snatched away four police muskets and two bayonets. Kolis smashed up the [[Jalalpore]] [[List of railway stations in India|Railway Station]], removed the Rails and burnt down the post office. After this, situation in the neighbouring villages of [[Borsad]], [[Anand, Gujarat|Anand]] and [[Thasra]] [[Tehsil|taluqas]] became so aggravated that British troops was marched through the villages between 22 and 24 August 1942.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Krishan|first=Shri|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7sOGAwAAQBAJ&q=Matwad+Koli|title=Political Mobilization and Identity in Western India, 1934-47|date=2005-04-07|publisher=SAGE Publications India|isbn=978-81-321-0208-3|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=226|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Hardiman|first=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ|title=Histories for the Subordinated|publisher=[[Seagull Books]]|year=2007|isbn=978-1-905422-38-8|location=New Delhi, India|pages=157|language=en}}</ref> == Mughal Empire == The reason behind the rebellion was the imposition of land tax ([[Jizya|Jaziya]]) by [[Aurangzeb]]. The Koli [[Zamindar|Zamidars]] had taken up arms against the Sultan Aurangzeb under the leadership of Khemirao Sarnaik, as well as with the sympathy of [[Shivaji]] as it was a great benefit to Shivaji.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Hardiman|first1=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EsfAQAAIAAJ|title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India|last2=Hardiman|first2=Professor of History David|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=1996|isbn=978-0-19-563956-8|location=[[New Delhi]], India|pages=211|language=en}}</ref> Khemrao assembled all the Koli [[Nayak (title)|naiks]] and promised that he would get rid of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] rule in a single rise.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Roy|first=Dr Shibani|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ|title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar|publisher=Cosmo Publications|year=1983|location=New Delhi, India|pages=30–236|language=en}}</ref> Aurangzeb sent the [[Mughal army]] from the hilly areas to suppress the Koli rebellion, but the battle was very fierce in which thousands of Kolis were killed and the Mughal soldiers also. The Koli rebellion shook Aurangzeb. Sarnaik applied for help from Shivaji but shivaji was unable to help kolis because of their political matters and sarnaik was refused. The Khemirao Sarnaik fighting in this battle was killed by mughal commander nerrulaa, but the Koli rebellion was so intense that Aurangzeb got compelled to think.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gāre|first=Govinda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L8NAAAAAMAAJ|title=Itihāsa ādivāsı̄ vı̄rāñcā|publisher=Ādima Sāhitya|year=1982|location=[[Maharashtra]], India|pages=45|language=mr}}</ref> after the rebellion was crushed, the kolis were treated with kindness by Aurangzeb and than kolis achieve the high reputation under [[Peshwa]] for their daring and taking hill forts such as [[Kanhoji Angre]] and [[Tanaji Malusare]].<ref name=":2" / === Mughal Gujarat === In 1535, When Humayun was [[List of governors of Gujarat|Governor of Gujarat]], he encamped near [[Cambay State|Cambay]] ([[Khambhat]]). Humayun and his army was robbed and plundered by [[Koli people|Kolis]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=Ghanshyam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHHaAAAAMAAJ |title=Caste Association and Political Process in Gujarat: A Study of Gujarat Kshatriya Sabha |date=1975 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=11: 1The Gazetteers and the Census describe Kolis as a tribe which entered Gujarat in the early 16th century. They came in groups and often looted villages and towns. In 1535, the camp of Moghul Emperor Humayun at Cambay was plundered by them. They attacked Mehmedabad, a town in Kaira district |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zePZAAAAMAAJ |title=Exploring India's Rural Past: A Gujarat Village in the Early Nineteenth Century |date=2002 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-565732-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=22: Throughout the period of Musum rule in Gujarat, the Kolis are frequently referred to as dacoits, robbers, marauders and pirates, and as having helped many political adventurers by joining their irregular armies. The Kolis plundered the camp of the Mughal emperor Humayun at Cambay, and gave considerable trouble to Aurangzeb when he was Governor of Gujarat ( Commissariat 1938 : 356-7 ) . It is clear from all this information that the Kolis |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Erskine |first=William |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PXzW-XS9TQMC&dq=Humayun+Koli&pg=PA61 |title=A History of India Under the Two First Sovereigns of the House of Taimur, Báber and Humáyun |date=2012-05-24 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-108-04620-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=61 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=The Kolis had even plundered the camp of the Moghul Emperor Humayun at Cambay ( Khambhat ) in 1535 |language=en}}</ref> In 1613, Jahangir issued a sanguinary order for the extirpation of the race of the [[Koli people|Kolis]] who were notorious robbers and plunders living in the most inaccessible parts of [[Gujarat]]. A large number of them Koli chiefs slaughtered and the rest hunted to their mountains and deserts. 169 heads of such Koli chiefs killed in battle by Nurulla Ibrahim, commander of 'Bollodo'.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hanif |first=N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CXH4RHYwkEsC |title=Islamic Concept of Crime and Justice: Political justice and crime |publisher=Sarup & Sons |year=1999 |isbn=978-81-7625-063-4 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=73–74 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert |first=Sir Thomas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=46NMAQAAMAAJ |title=Sir Thomas Herbert, Bart: Travels in Africa, Persia, and Asia the Great : Some Years Travels Into Africa and Asia the Great, Especially Describing the Famous Empires of Persia and Hindustan, as Also Divers Other Kingdoms in the Oriental Indies, 1627-30, the 1677 Version |publisher=ACMRS (Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies) |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-86698-475-1 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=180 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Koli people|Kolis]] of [[Gujarat]] were most rebellious under the rule of Shah Jahan. In 1622, Shah Jahan sent Raja Vikramjit who was Governor of Gujarat to subdue the Kolis of [[Ahmedabad]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Behera |first=Maguni Charan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rVS9DwAAQBAJ |title=Tribal Studies in India: Perspectives of History, Archaeology and Culture |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |year=2019 |isbn=978-981-329-026-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=46 |language=en}}</ref> Between 1632 and 1635, four viceroys were appointed due to they could not manage the Koli activities well. Kolis of [[Kankrej, Gujarat|Kankrej]] in [[North Gujarat]] committed excesses and the Jam of [[Nawanagar State|Nawanagar]] did not paid the tribute. Soon Azam Khan was appointed who put the province in order by subduing the Kolis. Azam Khan marched against Koli rebels, When Ázam Khán reached [[Siddhpur|Sidhpur]], the merchants complained bitterly of the outrages of one Kánji, a [[Chunvalia Koli|Chunvalia]] Koli, who had been especially daring in plundering merchandise and committing highway robberies. Ázam Khán, anxious to start with a show of vigour, before proceeding to Áhmedábád, marched against Kánji, who fled to the village of Bhádar near [[Kheralu]], sixty miles north-east of Áhmedábád. Ázam Khán pursued him so hotly that Kánji surrendered, handed over his plunder, and gave security not only that he would not again commit robberies, but that he would pay an annual tribute of Rupees 10,000. Ázam Khán then built two fortified posts in the Koli country, naming one Ázamábád after himself, and the other Khalílábád after his son and He also made the Jam of Nawanagar surrender.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|p=279}} The next viceroy Ísa Tarkhán carried out financial reforms. In 1644, the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] prince [[Aurangzeb]] was appointed as the viceroy who was engaged in religious disputes for destroying a [[Jainism|Jain]] temple in [[Ahmedabad]]. Due to his disputes, he was replaced by [[Shaista Khan]] who failed to subdue Kolis. So the prince [[Murad Bakhsh]] was appointed as the viceroy in 1654. He restored the disorder soon and defeated the Koli rebels.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashburner |first=Bhagvánlál Indraji (1839-1888) John Whaley Watson (1838–1889) Jervoise Athelstane Baines (1847–1925) L. R. |title=History of Gujarát |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/54652/54652-h/54652-h.htm |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=www.gutenberg.org |pages=278–283 |language=en}}</ref> In 1719, Kolis of [[Mahi River]] were most rebellious against Mughal rule and plundering the villages, Mihir Ali Khan who was acting as Viceroy of Gujarat at the place of [[Ajit Singh of Marwar]], marched against Koli rebels of [[Mahi Kantha Agency|Mahi]] who were committing piracy against muslims and subdued them.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashburner |first=Bhagvánlál Indraji (1839-1888) John Whaley Watson (1838–1889) Jervoise Athelstane Baines (1847–1925) L. R. |title=History of Gujarát |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/54652/54652-h/54652-h.htm |access-date=2022-10-17 |website=www.gutenberg.org |language=en}}</ref> In 1721, Kasim Ali Khan who was an officer in Mughal Empire under Muuhammad Shah employed against the Kolis of Kheda district to collect the fine but they refused to pay and there was a battle in Pethapur between Kolis and Mughal army under Kasim Ali Khan. Kasim Ali Khan was killed by Kolis and Mughal army was defeated and retreat to base.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|p=303}} In 1722, Muhammad Bahadur, son of Salabat Khan Babi, was placed in charge of Sadra and Virpur, with the title of Sher Khan. Shortly after his arrival the viceroy marched against and subdued the rebellious Kolis of the Chunval but was wounded deeply. After that Kolis of Modhera opposed the Muhammad Shah but Modhera village was burnt down.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=304}} In 1729, Mughal Viceroy of Sultan Muhammad Shah faced the challenge of anti-muslim activities of Kolis of Sorath, viceroy marches against Kolis of sorath and destroying them taken to Ahmednagar.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=310}} after this, Jawan Mard Khan Babi who was Governor of Petlad ordered against rebellious Kolis of Balor, probably Bhátod about fifteen miles east of Bharuch, but Jawan Marad Khan was killed by a man of Koli tribe, and in revenge for his death the town of Balor was plundered. On the death of Jawán Mard Khan, at the request of Salabat Muhammad Khan Babi, his eldest son Kamal-ud-din Khan Babi received the districts of Sami and Munjpur and the title of Jawan Mard Khan.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=310 - 311}} In 1738, Sher Khan Babi was of Junagadh was appointed as governor of sorath, Babi was obliged to march against a Koli chieftain Kanji Chunvalia of Chhaniar in Chunval because Kanji opposed and resisted the mughal authority but Sher Khan Babi was bravely resisted by Kolis so Momin Khan was called with large force and Chhaniar was burned down by mughal army.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=322 - 323}} In 1739, Koli chieftan Jamaji of Thara, raised the Kolis of Kankrej against sultan and continually plundered the mughal territory. Jawan Marad Khan was ordered to march against the Koli chieftain but he was unable to maintain order so he requested the Fida-ud-din Khan to subdue the Kolis. After defeating the Koli chieftain, the Koli country was plundered by mughal troops.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=323}} In 1740, Kolis of Atarsumba, challenged the Mughal authority and refused to pay any form of tax to mughal sultan. Jawan marad khan along with his brother Zorawar Khan Babi Marched against Kolis of Atarsumba but they were strongly resisted and there was a battle but mughals defeated the Kolis and make them to pay tax. But it was not for long time, after some time, Kolis again refused to pay tax and mughal troops were sent under Abdul Hussain Khan and Vajeram burnt the three Koli villages.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=323 - 324}} In 1747, Rangoji a Maratha military leader returned to Áhmedábád, and Jawán Mard Khán had an interview with him a few miles from the city. Shortly after this the Kolis of Mehmudabad and Mahudha rebelled, but the revolt was speedily crushed by Sháhbáz Rohilla.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=331}} == Maratha Empire == In 1760, the peace of Peshwa government was broken by a rising of [[Koli caste|Kolis]] under their Naik [[Javji Bamble]]. Javji with drew to the hills and organised a series of gang robberies, causing widespread terror and misery throughout the country. For twenty years he held out bravely, defeating and killing the generals the Peshwa's Government sent against him. At last he was so hotly pursued that, on the advice of Dhondo Gopal, the Peshwa's governor at [[Nashik|Nasik]], he surrendered all his forts to [[Tukoji Rao Holkar|Tukoji Holkar]] and, through [[Holkar|Holkar's]] influence, was pardoned and placed in military and police charge of a district of sixty villages with powers of life and death outlaws. In 1798, a fresh disturbance took place among the Kolis. The leader of this outbreak was Ramji Naik Bhangria, who was an abler and more daring man than his prede cessors, and succeeded in baffling all the efforts of the Government officers to seize him. As force seemed hopeless, the Government offered Ramji a pardon and gave him an important police post.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hassan|first=Syed Siraj ul|url=|title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the [[Nizam]]'s Dominions|publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]]|year=1989|isbn=978-81-206-0488-9|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=333|language=en}}</ref> In 1763, the [[Peshwa]] [[Raghunath Rao|Raghunathrao]] had appointed Abha [[Purandare]] who was an anti koli as [[Sarnaik]], due to which the [[Koli clans and titles#Chivhe Kolis|Chivhe]]{{Broken anchor|date=2025-07-02|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Koli clans and titles#Chivhe Kolis|reason= The anchor (Chivhe Kolis) [[Special:Diff/10367536|has been deleted]].|diff_id=10367536}} [[Koli caste|Kolis]] revolted against the Peshwa and captured [[Purandar Fort|Purandar]] and [[Sinhagad]] [[Forts in India|forts]] because the Kolis did not like Abha Purandare, so Abha removed the Kolis from the fortification and posted new Kiledars, due to which the Kolis attacked and captured the forts on 7 May 1764. Five days later, Rudramal fort was also captured and presented a challenge to the [[Prime Minister]] of the [[Maratha Empire]], Peshwa Raghunathrao.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Guha|first=Sumit|url=https://archive.org/details/historycollectiv0000sumi|title=History and Collective Memory in South Asia, 1200–2000|date=2019-11-01|publisher=[[University of Washington Press]]|isbn=978-0-295-74623-4|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historycollectiv0000sumi/page/n208 191]|language=en}}</ref> A few days later the Peshwa came to the fort to worship the deity inside the Purandar fort but the Peshwa got caught up by the Kolis. The Kolis looted all the belongings and weapons of the Peshwa and took him prisoner but released after some time. After this the Kolis started collecting revenue from the surrounding area. After this, the chief of the Kolis, Kondaji Chivhe, sent a letter to the Peshwa, in which it was written 'What now sir, what is the condition, how is the government doing, be in fun'. After reading this letter, the Peshwa felt a bit humiliated and in a fit of rage ordered the [[Maratha Army|Maratha army]] to attack but the army could not do anything because the Kolis himselves were [[Subedar]] and had fortified the forts well and the Peshwa faced failure. the humiliated Peshwa started taking the Kolis of Chivhe clan as captive. All those Chivhe kolis who were living in the territory of Peshwa were declared as rebels and started making captives. After this the Chivhe Kolis sent a letter to [[Madhavrao I|Madhavrao]] and explained whole matter, after this the Kolis handed over the forts to Madhavrao and the Chivahe Kolis were again handed over the fortifications.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Guha|first1=Sumit|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GSa5blriOYcC&dq=chivhe&pg=PA90|title=Environment and Ethnicity in India, 1200-1991|last2=Guha|first2=Lecturer Sumit|date=1999-07-15|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-64078-7|location=New Delhi, India|pages=83–105|language=en}}</ref> In the year 1776, a large number of the [[Shilkande Kolis|Shelkande]] [[Koli caste|Kolis]] of [[Otur, Maharashtra|Otur]] village, raised against [[Peshwa]] because of their hereditary land rights and as the Peshwa refused to do them. Kolis assembled a revolutionary army of Shelkande and Kokate Kolis and commenced plundering the surrounding villages and doing other violent activities in the hope of obtaining redress.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gāre|first=Govinda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vZciAAAAMAAJ|title=Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis|publisher=Shubhada Saraswat Publications|year=1976|location=New Delhi, India|pages=26|language=en}}</ref> In response, The Peshwa sent [[Maratha Army|Maratha]] troops from [[Pune]] against rebel kolis and surprised them, killed and wounded many of them. The Koli leaders were consequently forced to disperse the [[Koli rebellion against Maratha empire|rebels]]. The government officers learned that Sattu Shelkande, chief of the insurgents, was hiding in the neighboring [[jungle]]. The better to ensure this, they obliged him to enter into the Sunkli zamin or chain security (one [[Koli clans and titles#Koli Patil|Patil]] going security for two or three cultivators, another Patil for five or six poorer Patils, and a [[Deshmukh (Koli title)|Deshmukh]] for a number of the Patils). Hearing of the measures the government officers were adopting, moved off to another place; this was partly for their own safety, and partly to save their friends from being harassed and punished for not fulfilling their promise of apprehending them. After the troops retired from the jungles, the Kolis recommenced their operations. Several seasons were passed in this way; however when [[Javji Bamble]] was appointed as [[Koli clans and titles#Koli Mansabdar|Mansabdar]] of [[Rajur]] he was ordered by Peshwa to prevent the rebellious activities by rebels. Kolis did not wish to fight with Bumble because he was also a Koli by caste.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hardiman|first=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ|title=Histories for the Subordinated|publisher=[[Seagull Books]]|year=2007|isbn=978-1-905422-38-8|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=104|language=en}}</ref> Kolis remained quiet for of four years but Kolis went again to the jungles because his hereditary rights have not been fulfilled. The troops employed against the Shelkande Kolis and again forced them to disperse and the chiefs went to [[Aurangabad]]. Kolis had taken an oath that they would cut off the head of Patil of Otur, unless Peshwa afforded them redress. [[Nana Fadnavis|Nana Phadnavis]] who was minister in [[Maratha Empire]] declared that he would not pardon the Kolis again, as they were such a turbulent race and as no faith could be reposed in them. Nana Fadnavis detached few [[Brahmin]]s disguised as [[Gusainji|Gusai]], who gained information of the hiding place of Kolis and a detachment that marched to apprehend them was so fortunate as to bring them all prisoners to [[Junnar]], where the five Kolis were executed. Balwantrao, brother-in-law to Nana Fadnavis, was [[subedar]] of the district at the time, and it is asserted Balwantrao became very unhappy after the execution of these kolis. Therefore, in the hope of reestablishing the happiness that he had enjoyed, he erected a temple near river in Junnar, in which was placed as the object of worship a Punah Lingh, or five stones representing the five Kolis who were executed.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pillai|first=S. Devadas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P3uD22Ghqs4C&q=mahadev+koli|title=Indian Sociology Through Ghurye, a Dictionary|publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=1997|isbn=978-81-7154-807-1|location=New Delhi, India|pages=207–210|language=en}}</ref> == See more == * [[Koli dance]] == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rebellion, Koli}} [[Category:Koli people]] === Bibliography === {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Campbell |first=James Macnabb |editor=[[James Macnabb Campbell]] |title=History of Gujarát |url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/54652/54652-h/54652-h.htm |series=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency |volume=I(II) |year=1896 |publisher=The Government Central Press |chapter=Chapter III. MUGHAL VICEROYS. (A.D. 1573–1758) |pages=278–283}} {{PD-notice}} {{refend}} anlgc03qg8ygu0kuzmauswsk4yi9a3e 10367559 10367547 2025-07-02T12:01:38Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: Remove 1 notification (When checking links to [[Koli clans and titles]]) 10367559 wikitext text/x-wiki The [[Koli ethnic group|Koli]] is a [[ethnic group|ethnic group]] of [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] which is mostly found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian States]] of [[Gujarat]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Goa|Goa]] and [[Sindh]] [[Administrative units of Pakistan|province]] of [[Pakistan]]. Here are a series of [[Revolution|revolts]] of [[Koli ethnic group|koli ethnic group]] in inhabited areas. [[File:Jhalkari Bai statue Agra, Uttar Pradesh.jpg|thumb|Statue of [[Jhalkaribai Koli]] who led the [[Indian independence movement]] in [[Bundelkhand]] region of [[Uttar Pradesh]] in 1857]] [[File:Statue of Naik Raghoji Rao Bhangre in Akola, Maharashtra.jpg|thumb|Statue of [[Raghoji Bhangre|Raghoji Bhangare]] who challenged the [[British Raj]] in [[Maharashtra]]]] == British Indian Empire == === Kheda of Gujarat === At the beginning of the nineteenth century, [[Koli Patel|Kolis]] posed a serious "law and order" problem for the new government of [[East India Company]], [[British Raj|British]] officials to declare that [[Koli clans of Gujarat|Kolis]] are one of the most "turbulent, predatory tribes in India". Many Kolis resided in villages outside the EIC's territorial jurisdiction but viewed the imposition of new legislation and colonization in the territory as a direct challenge to established local customs.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Chaturvedi|first=Vinayak|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MzPlZSOjCpsC&q=Dharala+Koli|title=Peasant Pasts: History and Memory in Western India|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|year=2007|isbn=978-0-520-25076-5|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]n|pages=30–33|language=en}}</ref> [[Koli rebellion against Maratha empire|Koli]] [[Tribal chief|chieftains]] and their peasant supporters were threatened by the British government settling the agricultural plains and establishing new modes of governance in the area. In protest, some [[Koli Zamidar|Koli zamidars]] filed petitions in the Court (Adalat) in [[Kheda]], stating that, according to local custom, the government had no authority over Kolis. Other chieftains simply ignored the authority of the EIC and organized peasant raids into towns and villages in [[British Raj|British]] territory, claiming a customary right to plunder villages as a form of their own tax collection, or a levy called giras. The district magistrate responded by stating such actions were "evil" and perpetuated by Koli chieftains.<ref name=":2" /> By 1808, Koli chieftains had begun organizing raids into towns and villages in the territory controlled by the EIC, to steal crops and other possessions. The town of [[Dholka]] and its neighboring villages became favorite targets. Dholka was in the northern borderlands of British territory, adjacent to land controlled by the chieftains. Groups of armed kolis, numbering between fifty and a hundred Kolis, easily entered Dholka and returned to their respective villages without difficulty. British officials lacked the manpower and local knowledge of the terrain to capture these men. However, there were instances when a chieftain was arrested and jailed for leading attacks on Dholka, as in the case of Bachur Khokani. On 20 February 1808, within a few days of Khokani's capture, a group of fifty Kolis stormed the jail and released their leader. Policemen were killed and six were wounded in the battle, and apparently, on the very same night, Khokani and his men organized another raid on the town.<ref name=":2" /> In an attempt to prevent further raids on Dholka, Kheda's magistrate, R. Holford, coordinated a plan that required local elites within the EIC's control to capture the raiders. Holford recognized the limitations of the EIC's power to arrest individuals residing outside its control, but he believed that British officials could force the elites who had villages within their legal jurisdiction to cooperate. The outcome of the official strategy had some success: in 1810, large numbers of Kolis had been arrested and convicted of crimes against the East India Company. Judge H. W. Diggle recommended that the prisoners to be transported to the British colony the [[Penang|Prince of Wales Island]] (for merly called [[Penang]]), or to a distant jail, for a minimum of seven years. It was argued that such an extreme measure would "overawe" and "check the daring and ferocious nature" of Kolis while simultaneously serving as a deterrent for others. However, as in the case of Bachur Khokani, a group of four hundred to five hundred armed men descended upon the jail at Kheda and released the imprisoned Kolis. Most of the prisoners dispersed into areas outside of British jurisdiction and were saved just days before being transported to the Prince of Wales Island. The raids continued in Dholka, and colonial officials urged the EIC to increase the size of the police force in Kheda. In addition, officials requested the support of soldiers from neighboring [[Baroda State]], who were supposed to have local intelligence networks in the border lands that could be used for recapturing the convicted Kolis and their accomplices. But the outcome of using greater force had a minimal impact on what had developed into a serious law and order problem for the EIC. Colonial officials were not able to prevent Koli rebels. Earlier attempts to press chieftains to cooperate in preventing attacks on gov ernment towns and villages had had limited results.<ref name=":2" /> In 1824, A. Crawford, the district collector of neighboring [[Ahmedabad]], suggested that a new strategy be adopted, including forcibly taking the possessions of Koli chieftains suspected of participating in the attacks or simply having any information about them. In addition, Crawford introduced the idea of using the military to destroy villages where Koli chieftains were hiding. This strategy marked an important departure from the policy of not entering areas that lay outside the jurisdiction of the EIC with the intention of using military force to capture chieftains or other raiders. However, the idea of completely destroying villages as a way to create "future peaceable conduct" did not prevent Kolis from challenging the authority and legitimacy of the EIC, and certainly it did not eliminate the armed excursions into British-controlled territory. In fact, it further intensified the demands of those Kolis who had been claiming that their customs and privileges were being violated by colonial officials.<ref name=":2" /> The raids continued through the 1830s with some regularity. Crawford to British officials, "Some special regulations should be made about the Kolis. No measures of ordinary severity have any effect. We never hear of a reformed Koli, or of one whose mode of life places him beyond suspicion. All seem alike, rich and poor, those whose necessities afford them an excuse for crime and those whose condition places them out of the reach of distress, are alike ready on the first opportunity to plunder. But by the 1840s, the application of colonial policies and the use of military force led to the subsidence of Koli attacks in British-controlled territory. Officials argued that the character of all Kolis-chieftains and peasants had improved, as many kolis had taken up settled agriculture and become hardworking and peaceable. Despite this acknowledgment of the transformation among the Kolis, the early-nineteenth-century encounters continued to influence the implementation of official policies in the district. In begin of 1857 and 1858, the government imposed regulations restricting Kolis from carrying weapons in Kheda district but kolis again raised.<ref name=":2" /> === Khanpur of Gujarat === In July 1857, the [[Koli caste|Kolis]] of Maliwad clan in [[Khanpur, Gujarat|Khanpur]] of [[Lunavada State]] challenged the British rule under their leader Surajmal<ref>{{Cite book|last=Copland|first=Ian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PxFuAAAAMAAJ|title=The British Raj and the Indian Princes: Paramountcy in Western India, 1857-1930|publisher=[[Orient Longman]]|year=1982|isbn=978-0-86131-210-8|location=New Delhi, India|pages=90|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ddUgAAAAMAAJ|title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India|publisher=Usha Publications|year=1985|location=New Delhi, India|pages=819|language=en}}</ref> after death of surajmal, kolis again raised and attacked the British troops under new koli chieftain Jivabhai [[Thakor]] of Khanpur.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Yecurī|first=Sītārāma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k30MAQAAMAAJ|title=The Great Revolt, a Left Appraisal|publisher=[[People's Democracy (newspaper)|People's Democracy]]|year=2008|isbn=978-81-906218-0-9|location=New Delhi, India|pages=169|language=en}}</ref> In December 1857, [[Captain]] Buckle attacked the Khanpur and captured some of the rebels and rest escaped to nearby hills and forests. They gathered again and attacked the British troops with more vigour. Lt. Morey, [[Jemadar|Jamadar]] Nurmohmad, Sheikh Cheda and Emamuddin pursued the Kolis and killed some of them. Then the Kolis fled to the bushes and ravines of the river. The two kolis were shot by the order of Buckle but [[British Indian Army|British army]] also lost three horsemen. The koli prisoners of Khanpur were transported to life, while non-koli prisoners of Khanpur were released after they witnessed the execution of their koli [[Koli clans and titles|chieftain]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dharaiya|first=Ramanlal Kakalbhai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wps5AQAAIAAJ|title=Gujarat in 1857|publisher=[[Gujarat University]]|year=1970|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=32|language=en}}</ref> The Kolis paid a huge price for their resistance to [[British Raj|British]] rule. They were not only defeated in battle and punished for having dared to resist. but, in the aftermath, these communities were marginalized by the rest of society as outlaws. Being arms-bearing community, they too were disarmed in early 1858 and also forced to practise [[agriculture]]. A majority of kolis were unable to adapt the lifestyle and norms of settled agriculture and were forced to give way to agriculturalist communities like Kanbi or Patidar in the latter half of the nineteenth century.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Yagnik|first=Achyut|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FYDviPFeoSAC&q=Khanpur+Koli|title=Shaping Of Modern Gujarat|date=2005-08-24|publisher=[[Penguin UK]]|isbn=978-81-8475-185-7|location=New Delhi, India|language=en}}</ref> === Chandap of Gujarat === In September 1857, Kolis of [[Chandap]] (Chandup) raised against [[British Raj|British rule]] under [[Koli caste|Koli]] chieftain Nathaji who led the 2000 kolis of Angar, Dubbora and Pratabpur in Mahi Kantha.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Copland|first=Ian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PxFuAAAAMAAJ|title=The British Raj and the Indian Princes: Paramountcy in Western India, 1857-1930|publisher=[[Orient Longman]]|year=1982|isbn=978-0-86131-210-8|location=New Delhi, India|pages=90|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Saṅghavī|first=Nagīnadāsa Purushottamadāsa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zDRwAAAAMAAJ|title=Gujarat: A Political Analysis|publisher=Centre for Social Studies|year=1995|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=108|language=en}}</ref> the Nathaji and Yamaji was Koli brothers, rulers of Chandap and were tributary to Gaikwad of Baroda and [[Rao (title)|Rao]] of [[Idar State|Idar]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rajyagor|first=S. B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-0pAAAAAMAAJ|title=History of Gujarat|publisher=S. Chand|year=1982|location=New Delhi, India|pages=422|language=en}}</ref> On 16 September 1857, the [[Maharaja]] [[Gaekwad dynasty|Gaekwad]] of [[Baroda State]] issued a proclamation not to rise to the people of [[Chandap]] under the [[Mahi Kantha Agency|Mahikantha agency]] and posted the 10 horsemen but Nathaji resisted the posting of horsemen so the kolis assembled together instant and attacked the Thana of that place in which a [[sowar]] of the Gaekwad Government was killed and two wounded and property plundered.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lobo|first=Lancy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ|title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region|publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation|year=1995|isbn=978-81-7075-035-2|location=New Delhi, India|pages=109|language=en}}</ref> The rising of Kolis affected the law and order situation in [[Vijapur]], [[Kheralu]] and [[Vadnagar]] Taluqas of [[Vadodara|Baroda]]. At the end of year, koli rebellion was crushed by the combined forces of Baroda State and British troops who destroyed the Chandap village. The kolis with stiff attitude under Nathaji continued their resistance from the hills.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dharaiya|first=Ramanlal Kakalbhai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wps5AQAAIAAJ|title=Gujarat in 1857|publisher=[[Gujarat University]]|year=1970|location=New Delhi, India|pages=38–40|language=en}}</ref> === Peth or Peint of Maharashtra === In December 1857, [[Nashik district|Nashik]] [[List of districts of Maharashtra|district]] was effected by the [[Indian independence movement]] and the Peint [[Jagir]] became centre of [[Rebellion|rebellious]] activities. The rebel [[Koli caste|Kolis]] plundered the [[Harsol]] market on the sixth of December and captured the Mamlatdar. From there they attacked Peint where Koli rebels numbering about 2,000 captured the [[Lieutenant]] Glasspool and his 30 officers. The Koli [[Raja]] Bhagvantrao was suspected and arrested by British government. He was also a "correspondent" of [[Nanasaheb]] [[Peshwa]]. After a trial, koli king and fifteen officials were sentenced and hanged on 28 December 1857. In response, the kolis attacked at the court in Peint and then went to the Raja to pay their respects to him. Kolis plundered the treasury of [[Dharampur State]], a comrade state of [[British Raj|British]] rule. The [[Thane]] police then seized two of the leading men in the gang who plundered the treasury in the Dharampoor Raja's territory. there was resistance and one of the policemen was shot by an arrow through the chest and one of the insurgents received a bayonet-wound in the stomach. British official Mr. Boswell started disarming the kolis and suggested that a strong party of police be posted at Peint to guard the treasury and prevent the further disturbances. Later it came out that the rising of the Kolis was planned five or six weeks ago by the late Raja and the [[Dewan]] of Peint and the [[Rani]] who lived in Nashik. Kolis disliked the [[Disarming Act]] and resisted the government. On the hearing that the troops were approaching to peint, kolis withdrew to the jungle in the neighbourhood. On Thursday, the Lieutenant Glasspool arrived with troops and started operations against the insurgents. But his troops being too weak to go out and attack the Kolis in the jungle and at the same time to defend the court and the town, Lieutenant Glasspool could not take any step for nearly a week. But the glasspool was joined by [[Captain]] Nuttall's forces coming from [[Trimbak]]. On the arrival of this new force, Kolis retreated to the south. They played hide and seek for a few days. Occasional fights took place. the Kolis lacked of weapons so they dispersed and hid themselves in different villages. They were gradually traced out and caught. Many of them had migrated to the State of Dharampur where the Raja's forces caught them and handed them over to the Government officials. All the insurgents having been apprehended the rising was ultimately put down. The property of the late Raja was ordered to be annexed in British India and the revenue of his villages was ordered to be collected for Government.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Divekar|first=V. D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XZNuAAAAMAAJ|title=South India in 1857 War of Independence|publisher=Lokmanya Tilak Smarak Trust|year=1993|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=221–225|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sircar|first=Pronob Kumar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZflNEAAAQBAJ&dq=Penth+Kolis&pg=PT106|title=History Of The Andaman Islands: Unsung Heroes and Untold Stories|date=2021-11-09|publisher=[[Notion Press]]|isbn=978-1-63997-605-8|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|language=en}}</ref> === Surat of Gujarat === During the [[Quit India Movement]] of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] in 1942, A large number of 3,000 [[Koli people|Koli]] [[cultivator]]s from Matwad, Karadi, Machhad and Kothmadi in [[Surat]] [[List of districts of Gujarat|District]] fought against British soldiers at Matwad with lathis and dharias on 21 August 1942. In this fight, four persons including one policeman died. The kolis also snatched away four police muskets and two bayonets. Kolis smashed up the [[Jalalpore]] [[List of railway stations in India|Railway Station]], removed the Rails and burnt down the post office. After this, situation in the neighbouring villages of [[Borsad]], [[Anand, Gujarat|Anand]] and [[Thasra]] [[Tehsil|taluqas]] became so aggravated that British troops was marched through the villages between 22 and 24 August 1942.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Krishan|first=Shri|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7sOGAwAAQBAJ&q=Matwad+Koli|title=Political Mobilization and Identity in Western India, 1934-47|date=2005-04-07|publisher=SAGE Publications India|isbn=978-81-321-0208-3|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=226|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Hardiman|first=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ|title=Histories for the Subordinated|publisher=[[Seagull Books]]|year=2007|isbn=978-1-905422-38-8|location=New Delhi, India|pages=157|language=en}}</ref> == Mughal Empire == The reason behind the rebellion was the imposition of land tax ([[Jizya|Jaziya]]) by [[Aurangzeb]]. The Koli [[Zamindar|Zamidars]] had taken up arms against the Sultan Aurangzeb under the leadership of Khemirao Sarnaik, as well as with the sympathy of [[Shivaji]] as it was a great benefit to Shivaji.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Hardiman|first1=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EsfAQAAIAAJ|title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India|last2=Hardiman|first2=Professor of History David|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=1996|isbn=978-0-19-563956-8|location=[[New Delhi]], India|pages=211|language=en}}</ref> Khemrao assembled all the Koli [[Nayak (title)|naiks]] and promised that he would get rid of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] rule in a single rise.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Roy|first=Dr Shibani|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ|title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar|publisher=Cosmo Publications|year=1983|location=New Delhi, India|pages=30–236|language=en}}</ref> Aurangzeb sent the [[Mughal army]] from the hilly areas to suppress the Koli rebellion, but the battle was very fierce in which thousands of Kolis were killed and the Mughal soldiers also. The Koli rebellion shook Aurangzeb. Sarnaik applied for help from Shivaji but shivaji was unable to help kolis because of their political matters and sarnaik was refused. The Khemirao Sarnaik fighting in this battle was killed by mughal commander nerrulaa, but the Koli rebellion was so intense that Aurangzeb got compelled to think.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gāre|first=Govinda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L8NAAAAAMAAJ|title=Itihāsa ādivāsı̄ vı̄rāñcā|publisher=Ādima Sāhitya|year=1982|location=[[Maharashtra]], India|pages=45|language=mr}}</ref> after the rebellion was crushed, the kolis were treated with kindness by Aurangzeb and than kolis achieve the high reputation under [[Peshwa]] for their daring and taking hill forts such as [[Kanhoji Angre]] and [[Tanaji Malusare]].<ref name=":2" / === Mughal Gujarat === In 1535, When Humayun was [[List of governors of Gujarat|Governor of Gujarat]], he encamped near [[Cambay State|Cambay]] ([[Khambhat]]). Humayun and his army was robbed and plundered by [[Koli people|Kolis]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=Ghanshyam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHHaAAAAMAAJ |title=Caste Association and Political Process in Gujarat: A Study of Gujarat Kshatriya Sabha |date=1975 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=11: 1The Gazetteers and the Census describe Kolis as a tribe which entered Gujarat in the early 16th century. They came in groups and often looted villages and towns. In 1535, the camp of Moghul Emperor Humayun at Cambay was plundered by them. They attacked Mehmedabad, a town in Kaira district |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zePZAAAAMAAJ |title=Exploring India's Rural Past: A Gujarat Village in the Early Nineteenth Century |date=2002 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-565732-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=22: Throughout the period of Musum rule in Gujarat, the Kolis are frequently referred to as dacoits, robbers, marauders and pirates, and as having helped many political adventurers by joining their irregular armies. The Kolis plundered the camp of the Mughal emperor Humayun at Cambay, and gave considerable trouble to Aurangzeb when he was Governor of Gujarat ( Commissariat 1938 : 356-7 ) . It is clear from all this information that the Kolis |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Erskine |first=William |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PXzW-XS9TQMC&dq=Humayun+Koli&pg=PA61 |title=A History of India Under the Two First Sovereigns of the House of Taimur, Báber and Humáyun |date=2012-05-24 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-108-04620-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=61 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=The Kolis had even plundered the camp of the Moghul Emperor Humayun at Cambay ( Khambhat ) in 1535 |language=en}}</ref> In 1613, Jahangir issued a sanguinary order for the extirpation of the race of the [[Koli people|Kolis]] who were notorious robbers and plunders living in the most inaccessible parts of [[Gujarat]]. A large number of them Koli chiefs slaughtered and the rest hunted to their mountains and deserts. 169 heads of such Koli chiefs killed in battle by Nurulla Ibrahim, commander of 'Bollodo'.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hanif |first=N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CXH4RHYwkEsC |title=Islamic Concept of Crime and Justice: Political justice and crime |publisher=Sarup & Sons |year=1999 |isbn=978-81-7625-063-4 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=73–74 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert |first=Sir Thomas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=46NMAQAAMAAJ |title=Sir Thomas Herbert, Bart: Travels in Africa, Persia, and Asia the Great : Some Years Travels Into Africa and Asia the Great, Especially Describing the Famous Empires of Persia and Hindustan, as Also Divers Other Kingdoms in the Oriental Indies, 1627-30, the 1677 Version |publisher=ACMRS (Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies) |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-86698-475-1 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=180 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Koli people|Kolis]] of [[Gujarat]] were most rebellious under the rule of Shah Jahan. In 1622, Shah Jahan sent Raja Vikramjit who was Governor of Gujarat to subdue the Kolis of [[Ahmedabad]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Behera |first=Maguni Charan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rVS9DwAAQBAJ |title=Tribal Studies in India: Perspectives of History, Archaeology and Culture |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |year=2019 |isbn=978-981-329-026-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=46 |language=en}}</ref> Between 1632 and 1635, four viceroys were appointed due to they could not manage the Koli activities well. Kolis of [[Kankrej, Gujarat|Kankrej]] in [[North Gujarat]] committed excesses and the Jam of [[Nawanagar State|Nawanagar]] did not paid the tribute. Soon Azam Khan was appointed who put the province in order by subduing the Kolis. Azam Khan marched against Koli rebels, When Ázam Khán reached [[Siddhpur|Sidhpur]], the merchants complained bitterly of the outrages of one Kánji, a [[Chunvalia Koli|Chunvalia]] Koli, who had been especially daring in plundering merchandise and committing highway robberies. Ázam Khán, anxious to start with a show of vigour, before proceeding to Áhmedábád, marched against Kánji, who fled to the village of Bhádar near [[Kheralu]], sixty miles north-east of Áhmedábád. Ázam Khán pursued him so hotly that Kánji surrendered, handed over his plunder, and gave security not only that he would not again commit robberies, but that he would pay an annual tribute of Rupees 10,000. Ázam Khán then built two fortified posts in the Koli country, naming one Ázamábád after himself, and the other Khalílábád after his son and He also made the Jam of Nawanagar surrender.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|p=279}} The next viceroy Ísa Tarkhán carried out financial reforms. In 1644, the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] prince [[Aurangzeb]] was appointed as the viceroy who was engaged in religious disputes for destroying a [[Jainism|Jain]] temple in [[Ahmedabad]]. Due to his disputes, he was replaced by [[Shaista Khan]] who failed to subdue Kolis. So the prince [[Murad Bakhsh]] was appointed as the viceroy in 1654. He restored the disorder soon and defeated the Koli rebels.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashburner |first=Bhagvánlál Indraji (1839-1888) John Whaley Watson (1838–1889) Jervoise Athelstane Baines (1847–1925) L. R. |title=History of Gujarát |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/54652/54652-h/54652-h.htm |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=www.gutenberg.org |pages=278–283 |language=en}}</ref> In 1719, Kolis of [[Mahi River]] were most rebellious against Mughal rule and plundering the villages, Mihir Ali Khan who was acting as Viceroy of Gujarat at the place of [[Ajit Singh of Marwar]], marched against Koli rebels of [[Mahi Kantha Agency|Mahi]] who were committing piracy against muslims and subdued them.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashburner |first=Bhagvánlál Indraji (1839-1888) John Whaley Watson (1838–1889) Jervoise Athelstane Baines (1847–1925) L. R. |title=History of Gujarát |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/54652/54652-h/54652-h.htm |access-date=2022-10-17 |website=www.gutenberg.org |language=en}}</ref> In 1721, Kasim Ali Khan who was an officer in Mughal Empire under Muuhammad Shah employed against the Kolis of Kheda district to collect the fine but they refused to pay and there was a battle in Pethapur between Kolis and Mughal army under Kasim Ali Khan. Kasim Ali Khan was killed by Kolis and Mughal army was defeated and retreat to base.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|p=303}} In 1722, Muhammad Bahadur, son of Salabat Khan Babi, was placed in charge of Sadra and Virpur, with the title of Sher Khan. Shortly after his arrival the viceroy marched against and subdued the rebellious Kolis of the Chunval but was wounded deeply. After that Kolis of Modhera opposed the Muhammad Shah but Modhera village was burnt down.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=304}} In 1729, Mughal Viceroy of Sultan Muhammad Shah faced the challenge of anti-muslim activities of Kolis of Sorath, viceroy marches against Kolis of sorath and destroying them taken to Ahmednagar.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=310}} after this, Jawan Mard Khan Babi who was Governor of Petlad ordered against rebellious Kolis of Balor, probably Bhátod about fifteen miles east of Bharuch, but Jawan Marad Khan was killed by a man of Koli tribe, and in revenge for his death the town of Balor was plundered. On the death of Jawán Mard Khan, at the request of Salabat Muhammad Khan Babi, his eldest son Kamal-ud-din Khan Babi received the districts of Sami and Munjpur and the title of Jawan Mard Khan.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=310 - 311}} In 1738, Sher Khan Babi was of Junagadh was appointed as governor of sorath, Babi was obliged to march against a Koli chieftain Kanji Chunvalia of Chhaniar in Chunval because Kanji opposed and resisted the mughal authority but Sher Khan Babi was bravely resisted by Kolis so Momin Khan was called with large force and Chhaniar was burned down by mughal army.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=322 - 323}} In 1739, Koli chieftan Jamaji of Thara, raised the Kolis of Kankrej against sultan and continually plundered the mughal territory. Jawan Marad Khan was ordered to march against the Koli chieftain but he was unable to maintain order so he requested the Fida-ud-din Khan to subdue the Kolis. After defeating the Koli chieftain, the Koli country was plundered by mughal troops.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=323}} In 1740, Kolis of Atarsumba, challenged the Mughal authority and refused to pay any form of tax to mughal sultan. Jawan marad khan along with his brother Zorawar Khan Babi Marched against Kolis of Atarsumba but they were strongly resisted and there was a battle but mughals defeated the Kolis and make them to pay tax. But it was not for long time, after some time, Kolis again refused to pay tax and mughal troops were sent under Abdul Hussain Khan and Vajeram burnt the three Koli villages.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=323 - 324}} In 1747, Rangoji a Maratha military leader returned to Áhmedábád, and Jawán Mard Khán had an interview with him a few miles from the city. Shortly after this the Kolis of Mehmudabad and Mahudha rebelled, but the revolt was speedily crushed by Sháhbáz Rohilla.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=331}} == Maratha Empire == In 1760, the peace of Peshwa government was broken by a rising of [[Koli caste|Kolis]] under their Naik [[Javji Bamble]]. Javji with drew to the hills and organised a series of gang robberies, causing widespread terror and misery throughout the country. For twenty years he held out bravely, defeating and killing the generals the Peshwa's Government sent against him. At last he was so hotly pursued that, on the advice of Dhondo Gopal, the Peshwa's governor at [[Nashik|Nasik]], he surrendered all his forts to [[Tukoji Rao Holkar|Tukoji Holkar]] and, through [[Holkar|Holkar's]] influence, was pardoned and placed in military and police charge of a district of sixty villages with powers of life and death outlaws. In 1798, a fresh disturbance took place among the Kolis. The leader of this outbreak was Ramji Naik Bhangria, who was an abler and more daring man than his prede cessors, and succeeded in baffling all the efforts of the Government officers to seize him. As force seemed hopeless, the Government offered Ramji a pardon and gave him an important police post.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hassan|first=Syed Siraj ul|url=|title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the [[Nizam]]'s Dominions|publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]]|year=1989|isbn=978-81-206-0488-9|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=333|language=en}}</ref> In 1763, the [[Peshwa]] [[Raghunath Rao|Raghunathrao]] had appointed Abha [[Purandare]] who was an anti koli as [[Sarnaik]], due to which the [[Koli clans and titles#Chivhe Kolis|Chivhe]] [[Koli caste|Kolis]] revolted against the Peshwa and captured [[Purandar Fort|Purandar]] and [[Sinhagad]] [[Forts in India|forts]] because the Kolis did not like Abha Purandare, so Abha removed the Kolis from the fortification and posted new Kiledars, due to which the Kolis attacked and captured the forts on 7 May 1764. Five days later, Rudramal fort was also captured and presented a challenge to the [[Prime Minister]] of the [[Maratha Empire]], Peshwa Raghunathrao.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Guha|first=Sumit|url=https://archive.org/details/historycollectiv0000sumi|title=History and Collective Memory in South Asia, 1200–2000|date=2019-11-01|publisher=[[University of Washington Press]]|isbn=978-0-295-74623-4|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historycollectiv0000sumi/page/n208 191]|language=en}}</ref> A few days later the Peshwa came to the fort to worship the deity inside the Purandar fort but the Peshwa got caught up by the Kolis. The Kolis looted all the belongings and weapons of the Peshwa and took him prisoner but released after some time. After this the Kolis started collecting revenue from the surrounding area. After this, the chief of the Kolis, Kondaji Chivhe, sent a letter to the Peshwa, in which it was written 'What now sir, what is the condition, how is the government doing, be in fun'. After reading this letter, the Peshwa felt a bit humiliated and in a fit of rage ordered the [[Maratha Army|Maratha army]] to attack but the army could not do anything because the Kolis himselves were [[Subedar]] and had fortified the forts well and the Peshwa faced failure. the humiliated Peshwa started taking the Kolis of Chivhe clan as captive. All those Chivhe kolis who were living in the territory of Peshwa were declared as rebels and started making captives. After this the Chivhe Kolis sent a letter to [[Madhavrao I|Madhavrao]] and explained whole matter, after this the Kolis handed over the forts to Madhavrao and the Chivahe Kolis were again handed over the fortifications.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Guha|first1=Sumit|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GSa5blriOYcC&dq=chivhe&pg=PA90|title=Environment and Ethnicity in India, 1200-1991|last2=Guha|first2=Lecturer Sumit|date=1999-07-15|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-64078-7|location=New Delhi, India|pages=83–105|language=en}}</ref> In the year 1776, a large number of the [[Shilkande Kolis|Shelkande]] [[Koli caste|Kolis]] of [[Otur, Maharashtra|Otur]] village, raised against [[Peshwa]] because of their hereditary land rights and as the Peshwa refused to do them. Kolis assembled a revolutionary army of Shelkande and Kokate Kolis and commenced plundering the surrounding villages and doing other violent activities in the hope of obtaining redress.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gāre|first=Govinda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vZciAAAAMAAJ|title=Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis|publisher=Shubhada Saraswat Publications|year=1976|location=New Delhi, India|pages=26|language=en}}</ref> In response, The Peshwa sent [[Maratha Army|Maratha]] troops from [[Pune]] against rebel kolis and surprised them, killed and wounded many of them. The Koli leaders were consequently forced to disperse the [[Koli rebellion against Maratha empire|rebels]]. The government officers learned that Sattu Shelkande, chief of the insurgents, was hiding in the neighboring [[jungle]]. The better to ensure this, they obliged him to enter into the Sunkli zamin or chain security (one [[Koli clans and titles#Koli Patil|Patil]] going security for two or three cultivators, another Patil for five or six poorer Patils, and a [[Deshmukh (Koli title)|Deshmukh]] for a number of the Patils). Hearing of the measures the government officers were adopting, moved off to another place; this was partly for their own safety, and partly to save their friends from being harassed and punished for not fulfilling their promise of apprehending them. After the troops retired from the jungles, the Kolis recommenced their operations. Several seasons were passed in this way; however when [[Javji Bamble]] was appointed as [[Koli clans and titles#Koli Mansabdar|Mansabdar]] of [[Rajur]] he was ordered by Peshwa to prevent the rebellious activities by rebels. Kolis did not wish to fight with Bumble because he was also a Koli by caste.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hardiman|first=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ|title=Histories for the Subordinated|publisher=[[Seagull Books]]|year=2007|isbn=978-1-905422-38-8|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=104|language=en}}</ref> Kolis remained quiet for of four years but Kolis went again to the jungles because his hereditary rights have not been fulfilled. The troops employed against the Shelkande Kolis and again forced them to disperse and the chiefs went to [[Aurangabad]]. Kolis had taken an oath that they would cut off the head of Patil of Otur, unless Peshwa afforded them redress. [[Nana Fadnavis|Nana Phadnavis]] who was minister in [[Maratha Empire]] declared that he would not pardon the Kolis again, as they were such a turbulent race and as no faith could be reposed in them. Nana Fadnavis detached few [[Brahmin]]s disguised as [[Gusainji|Gusai]], who gained information of the hiding place of Kolis and a detachment that marched to apprehend them was so fortunate as to bring them all prisoners to [[Junnar]], where the five Kolis were executed. Balwantrao, brother-in-law to Nana Fadnavis, was [[subedar]] of the district at the time, and it is asserted Balwantrao became very unhappy after the execution of these kolis. Therefore, in the hope of reestablishing the happiness that he had enjoyed, he erected a temple near river in Junnar, in which was placed as the object of worship a Punah Lingh, or five stones representing the five Kolis who were executed.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pillai|first=S. Devadas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P3uD22Ghqs4C&q=mahadev+koli|title=Indian Sociology Through Ghurye, a Dictionary|publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=1997|isbn=978-81-7154-807-1|location=New Delhi, India|pages=207–210|language=en}}</ref> == See more == * [[Koli dance]] == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rebellion, Koli}} [[Category:Koli people]] === Bibliography === {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Campbell |first=James Macnabb |editor=[[James Macnabb Campbell]] |title=History of Gujarát |url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/54652/54652-h/54652-h.htm |series=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency |volume=I(II) |year=1896 |publisher=The Government Central Press |chapter=Chapter III. MUGHAL VICEROYS. (A.D. 1573–1758) |pages=278–283}} {{PD-notice}} {{refend}} rrv1tvovm2woofooczbi4reoxxy2v3g 10367570 10367559 2025-07-02T12:08:18Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: Reminder of an inactive anchor: [[Koli clans and titles#Koli Patil|Patil]], Reminder of an inactive anchor: [[Koli clans and titles#Koli Mansabdar|Mansabdar]] 10367570 wikitext text/x-wiki The [[Koli ethnic group|Koli]] is a [[ethnic group|ethnic group]] of [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] which is mostly found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian States]] of [[Gujarat]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Goa|Goa]] and [[Sindh]] [[Administrative units of Pakistan|province]] of [[Pakistan]]. Here are a series of [[Revolution|revolts]] of [[Koli ethnic group|koli ethnic group]] in inhabited areas. [[File:Jhalkari Bai statue Agra, Uttar Pradesh.jpg|thumb|Statue of [[Jhalkaribai Koli]] who led the [[Indian independence movement]] in [[Bundelkhand]] region of [[Uttar Pradesh]] in 1857]] [[File:Statue of Naik Raghoji Rao Bhangre in Akola, Maharashtra.jpg|thumb|Statue of [[Raghoji Bhangre|Raghoji Bhangare]] who challenged the [[British Raj]] in [[Maharashtra]]]] == British Indian Empire == === Kheda of Gujarat === At the beginning of the nineteenth century, [[Koli Patel|Kolis]] posed a serious "law and order" problem for the new government of [[East India Company]], [[British Raj|British]] officials to declare that [[Koli clans of Gujarat|Kolis]] are one of the most "turbulent, predatory tribes in India". Many Kolis resided in villages outside the EIC's territorial jurisdiction but viewed the imposition of new legislation and colonization in the territory as a direct challenge to established local customs.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Chaturvedi|first=Vinayak|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MzPlZSOjCpsC&q=Dharala+Koli|title=Peasant Pasts: History and Memory in Western India|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|year=2007|isbn=978-0-520-25076-5|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]n|pages=30–33|language=en}}</ref> [[Koli rebellion against Maratha empire|Koli]] [[Tribal chief|chieftains]] and their peasant supporters were threatened by the British government settling the agricultural plains and establishing new modes of governance in the area. In protest, some [[Koli Zamidar|Koli zamidars]] filed petitions in the Court (Adalat) in [[Kheda]], stating that, according to local custom, the government had no authority over Kolis. Other chieftains simply ignored the authority of the EIC and organized peasant raids into towns and villages in [[British Raj|British]] territory, claiming a customary right to plunder villages as a form of their own tax collection, or a levy called giras. The district magistrate responded by stating such actions were "evil" and perpetuated by Koli chieftains.<ref name=":2" /> By 1808, Koli chieftains had begun organizing raids into towns and villages in the territory controlled by the EIC, to steal crops and other possessions. The town of [[Dholka]] and its neighboring villages became favorite targets. Dholka was in the northern borderlands of British territory, adjacent to land controlled by the chieftains. Groups of armed kolis, numbering between fifty and a hundred Kolis, easily entered Dholka and returned to their respective villages without difficulty. British officials lacked the manpower and local knowledge of the terrain to capture these men. However, there were instances when a chieftain was arrested and jailed for leading attacks on Dholka, as in the case of Bachur Khokani. On 20 February 1808, within a few days of Khokani's capture, a group of fifty Kolis stormed the jail and released their leader. Policemen were killed and six were wounded in the battle, and apparently, on the very same night, Khokani and his men organized another raid on the town.<ref name=":2" /> In an attempt to prevent further raids on Dholka, Kheda's magistrate, R. Holford, coordinated a plan that required local elites within the EIC's control to capture the raiders. Holford recognized the limitations of the EIC's power to arrest individuals residing outside its control, but he believed that British officials could force the elites who had villages within their legal jurisdiction to cooperate. The outcome of the official strategy had some success: in 1810, large numbers of Kolis had been arrested and convicted of crimes against the East India Company. Judge H. W. Diggle recommended that the prisoners to be transported to the British colony the [[Penang|Prince of Wales Island]] (for merly called [[Penang]]), or to a distant jail, for a minimum of seven years. It was argued that such an extreme measure would "overawe" and "check the daring and ferocious nature" of Kolis while simultaneously serving as a deterrent for others. However, as in the case of Bachur Khokani, a group of four hundred to five hundred armed men descended upon the jail at Kheda and released the imprisoned Kolis. Most of the prisoners dispersed into areas outside of British jurisdiction and were saved just days before being transported to the Prince of Wales Island. The raids continued in Dholka, and colonial officials urged the EIC to increase the size of the police force in Kheda. In addition, officials requested the support of soldiers from neighboring [[Baroda State]], who were supposed to have local intelligence networks in the border lands that could be used for recapturing the convicted Kolis and their accomplices. But the outcome of using greater force had a minimal impact on what had developed into a serious law and order problem for the EIC. Colonial officials were not able to prevent Koli rebels. Earlier attempts to press chieftains to cooperate in preventing attacks on gov ernment towns and villages had had limited results.<ref name=":2" /> In 1824, A. Crawford, the district collector of neighboring [[Ahmedabad]], suggested that a new strategy be adopted, including forcibly taking the possessions of Koli chieftains suspected of participating in the attacks or simply having any information about them. In addition, Crawford introduced the idea of using the military to destroy villages where Koli chieftains were hiding. This strategy marked an important departure from the policy of not entering areas that lay outside the jurisdiction of the EIC with the intention of using military force to capture chieftains or other raiders. However, the idea of completely destroying villages as a way to create "future peaceable conduct" did not prevent Kolis from challenging the authority and legitimacy of the EIC, and certainly it did not eliminate the armed excursions into British-controlled territory. In fact, it further intensified the demands of those Kolis who had been claiming that their customs and privileges were being violated by colonial officials.<ref name=":2" /> The raids continued through the 1830s with some regularity. Crawford to British officials, "Some special regulations should be made about the Kolis. No measures of ordinary severity have any effect. We never hear of a reformed Koli, or of one whose mode of life places him beyond suspicion. All seem alike, rich and poor, those whose necessities afford them an excuse for crime and those whose condition places them out of the reach of distress, are alike ready on the first opportunity to plunder. But by the 1840s, the application of colonial policies and the use of military force led to the subsidence of Koli attacks in British-controlled territory. Officials argued that the character of all Kolis-chieftains and peasants had improved, as many kolis had taken up settled agriculture and become hardworking and peaceable. Despite this acknowledgment of the transformation among the Kolis, the early-nineteenth-century encounters continued to influence the implementation of official policies in the district. In begin of 1857 and 1858, the government imposed regulations restricting Kolis from carrying weapons in Kheda district but kolis again raised.<ref name=":2" /> === Khanpur of Gujarat === In July 1857, the [[Koli caste|Kolis]] of Maliwad clan in [[Khanpur, Gujarat|Khanpur]] of [[Lunavada State]] challenged the British rule under their leader Surajmal<ref>{{Cite book|last=Copland|first=Ian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PxFuAAAAMAAJ|title=The British Raj and the Indian Princes: Paramountcy in Western India, 1857-1930|publisher=[[Orient Longman]]|year=1982|isbn=978-0-86131-210-8|location=New Delhi, India|pages=90|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ddUgAAAAMAAJ|title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India|publisher=Usha Publications|year=1985|location=New Delhi, India|pages=819|language=en}}</ref> after death of surajmal, kolis again raised and attacked the British troops under new koli chieftain Jivabhai [[Thakor]] of Khanpur.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Yecurī|first=Sītārāma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k30MAQAAMAAJ|title=The Great Revolt, a Left Appraisal|publisher=[[People's Democracy (newspaper)|People's Democracy]]|year=2008|isbn=978-81-906218-0-9|location=New Delhi, India|pages=169|language=en}}</ref> In December 1857, [[Captain]] Buckle attacked the Khanpur and captured some of the rebels and rest escaped to nearby hills and forests. They gathered again and attacked the British troops with more vigour. Lt. Morey, [[Jemadar|Jamadar]] Nurmohmad, Sheikh Cheda and Emamuddin pursued the Kolis and killed some of them. Then the Kolis fled to the bushes and ravines of the river. The two kolis were shot by the order of Buckle but [[British Indian Army|British army]] also lost three horsemen. The koli prisoners of Khanpur were transported to life, while non-koli prisoners of Khanpur were released after they witnessed the execution of their koli [[Koli clans and titles|chieftain]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dharaiya|first=Ramanlal Kakalbhai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wps5AQAAIAAJ|title=Gujarat in 1857|publisher=[[Gujarat University]]|year=1970|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=32|language=en}}</ref> The Kolis paid a huge price for their resistance to [[British Raj|British]] rule. They were not only defeated in battle and punished for having dared to resist. but, in the aftermath, these communities were marginalized by the rest of society as outlaws. Being arms-bearing community, they too were disarmed in early 1858 and also forced to practise [[agriculture]]. A majority of kolis were unable to adapt the lifestyle and norms of settled agriculture and were forced to give way to agriculturalist communities like Kanbi or Patidar in the latter half of the nineteenth century.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Yagnik|first=Achyut|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FYDviPFeoSAC&q=Khanpur+Koli|title=Shaping Of Modern Gujarat|date=2005-08-24|publisher=[[Penguin UK]]|isbn=978-81-8475-185-7|location=New Delhi, India|language=en}}</ref> === Chandap of Gujarat === In September 1857, Kolis of [[Chandap]] (Chandup) raised against [[British Raj|British rule]] under [[Koli caste|Koli]] chieftain Nathaji who led the 2000 kolis of Angar, Dubbora and Pratabpur in Mahi Kantha.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Copland|first=Ian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PxFuAAAAMAAJ|title=The British Raj and the Indian Princes: Paramountcy in Western India, 1857-1930|publisher=[[Orient Longman]]|year=1982|isbn=978-0-86131-210-8|location=New Delhi, India|pages=90|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Saṅghavī|first=Nagīnadāsa Purushottamadāsa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zDRwAAAAMAAJ|title=Gujarat: A Political Analysis|publisher=Centre for Social Studies|year=1995|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=108|language=en}}</ref> the Nathaji and Yamaji was Koli brothers, rulers of Chandap and were tributary to Gaikwad of Baroda and [[Rao (title)|Rao]] of [[Idar State|Idar]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rajyagor|first=S. B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-0pAAAAAMAAJ|title=History of Gujarat|publisher=S. Chand|year=1982|location=New Delhi, India|pages=422|language=en}}</ref> On 16 September 1857, the [[Maharaja]] [[Gaekwad dynasty|Gaekwad]] of [[Baroda State]] issued a proclamation not to rise to the people of [[Chandap]] under the [[Mahi Kantha Agency|Mahikantha agency]] and posted the 10 horsemen but Nathaji resisted the posting of horsemen so the kolis assembled together instant and attacked the Thana of that place in which a [[sowar]] of the Gaekwad Government was killed and two wounded and property plundered.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lobo|first=Lancy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ|title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region|publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation|year=1995|isbn=978-81-7075-035-2|location=New Delhi, India|pages=109|language=en}}</ref> The rising of Kolis affected the law and order situation in [[Vijapur]], [[Kheralu]] and [[Vadnagar]] Taluqas of [[Vadodara|Baroda]]. At the end of year, koli rebellion was crushed by the combined forces of Baroda State and British troops who destroyed the Chandap village. The kolis with stiff attitude under Nathaji continued their resistance from the hills.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dharaiya|first=Ramanlal Kakalbhai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wps5AQAAIAAJ|title=Gujarat in 1857|publisher=[[Gujarat University]]|year=1970|location=New Delhi, India|pages=38–40|language=en}}</ref> === Peth or Peint of Maharashtra === In December 1857, [[Nashik district|Nashik]] [[List of districts of Maharashtra|district]] was effected by the [[Indian independence movement]] and the Peint [[Jagir]] became centre of [[Rebellion|rebellious]] activities. The rebel [[Koli caste|Kolis]] plundered the [[Harsol]] market on the sixth of December and captured the Mamlatdar. From there they attacked Peint where Koli rebels numbering about 2,000 captured the [[Lieutenant]] Glasspool and his 30 officers. The Koli [[Raja]] Bhagvantrao was suspected and arrested by British government. He was also a "correspondent" of [[Nanasaheb]] [[Peshwa]]. After a trial, koli king and fifteen officials were sentenced and hanged on 28 December 1857. In response, the kolis attacked at the court in Peint and then went to the Raja to pay their respects to him. Kolis plundered the treasury of [[Dharampur State]], a comrade state of [[British Raj|British]] rule. The [[Thane]] police then seized two of the leading men in the gang who plundered the treasury in the Dharampoor Raja's territory. there was resistance and one of the policemen was shot by an arrow through the chest and one of the insurgents received a bayonet-wound in the stomach. British official Mr. Boswell started disarming the kolis and suggested that a strong party of police be posted at Peint to guard the treasury and prevent the further disturbances. Later it came out that the rising of the Kolis was planned five or six weeks ago by the late Raja and the [[Dewan]] of Peint and the [[Rani]] who lived in Nashik. Kolis disliked the [[Disarming Act]] and resisted the government. On the hearing that the troops were approaching to peint, kolis withdrew to the jungle in the neighbourhood. On Thursday, the Lieutenant Glasspool arrived with troops and started operations against the insurgents. But his troops being too weak to go out and attack the Kolis in the jungle and at the same time to defend the court and the town, Lieutenant Glasspool could not take any step for nearly a week. But the glasspool was joined by [[Captain]] Nuttall's forces coming from [[Trimbak]]. On the arrival of this new force, Kolis retreated to the south. They played hide and seek for a few days. Occasional fights took place. the Kolis lacked of weapons so they dispersed and hid themselves in different villages. They were gradually traced out and caught. Many of them had migrated to the State of Dharampur where the Raja's forces caught them and handed them over to the Government officials. All the insurgents having been apprehended the rising was ultimately put down. The property of the late Raja was ordered to be annexed in British India and the revenue of his villages was ordered to be collected for Government.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Divekar|first=V. D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XZNuAAAAMAAJ|title=South India in 1857 War of Independence|publisher=Lokmanya Tilak Smarak Trust|year=1993|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=221–225|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sircar|first=Pronob Kumar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZflNEAAAQBAJ&dq=Penth+Kolis&pg=PT106|title=History Of The Andaman Islands: Unsung Heroes and Untold Stories|date=2021-11-09|publisher=[[Notion Press]]|isbn=978-1-63997-605-8|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|language=en}}</ref> === Surat of Gujarat === During the [[Quit India Movement]] of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] in 1942, A large number of 3,000 [[Koli people|Koli]] [[cultivator]]s from Matwad, Karadi, Machhad and Kothmadi in [[Surat]] [[List of districts of Gujarat|District]] fought against British soldiers at Matwad with lathis and dharias on 21 August 1942. In this fight, four persons including one policeman died. The kolis also snatched away four police muskets and two bayonets. Kolis smashed up the [[Jalalpore]] [[List of railway stations in India|Railway Station]], removed the Rails and burnt down the post office. After this, situation in the neighbouring villages of [[Borsad]], [[Anand, Gujarat|Anand]] and [[Thasra]] [[Tehsil|taluqas]] became so aggravated that British troops was marched through the villages between 22 and 24 August 1942.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Krishan|first=Shri|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7sOGAwAAQBAJ&q=Matwad+Koli|title=Political Mobilization and Identity in Western India, 1934-47|date=2005-04-07|publisher=SAGE Publications India|isbn=978-81-321-0208-3|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=226|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Hardiman|first=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ|title=Histories for the Subordinated|publisher=[[Seagull Books]]|year=2007|isbn=978-1-905422-38-8|location=New Delhi, India|pages=157|language=en}}</ref> == Mughal Empire == The reason behind the rebellion was the imposition of land tax ([[Jizya|Jaziya]]) by [[Aurangzeb]]. The Koli [[Zamindar|Zamidars]] had taken up arms against the Sultan Aurangzeb under the leadership of Khemirao Sarnaik, as well as with the sympathy of [[Shivaji]] as it was a great benefit to Shivaji.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Hardiman|first1=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EsfAQAAIAAJ|title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India|last2=Hardiman|first2=Professor of History David|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=1996|isbn=978-0-19-563956-8|location=[[New Delhi]], India|pages=211|language=en}}</ref> Khemrao assembled all the Koli [[Nayak (title)|naiks]] and promised that he would get rid of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] rule in a single rise.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Roy|first=Dr Shibani|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ|title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar|publisher=Cosmo Publications|year=1983|location=New Delhi, India|pages=30–236|language=en}}</ref> Aurangzeb sent the [[Mughal army]] from the hilly areas to suppress the Koli rebellion, but the battle was very fierce in which thousands of Kolis were killed and the Mughal soldiers also. The Koli rebellion shook Aurangzeb. Sarnaik applied for help from Shivaji but shivaji was unable to help kolis because of their political matters and sarnaik was refused. The Khemirao Sarnaik fighting in this battle was killed by mughal commander nerrulaa, but the Koli rebellion was so intense that Aurangzeb got compelled to think.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gāre|first=Govinda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L8NAAAAAMAAJ|title=Itihāsa ādivāsı̄ vı̄rāñcā|publisher=Ādima Sāhitya|year=1982|location=[[Maharashtra]], India|pages=45|language=mr}}</ref> after the rebellion was crushed, the kolis were treated with kindness by Aurangzeb and than kolis achieve the high reputation under [[Peshwa]] for their daring and taking hill forts such as [[Kanhoji Angre]] and [[Tanaji Malusare]].<ref name=":2" / === Mughal Gujarat === In 1535, When Humayun was [[List of governors of Gujarat|Governor of Gujarat]], he encamped near [[Cambay State|Cambay]] ([[Khambhat]]). Humayun and his army was robbed and plundered by [[Koli people|Kolis]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=Ghanshyam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHHaAAAAMAAJ |title=Caste Association and Political Process in Gujarat: A Study of Gujarat Kshatriya Sabha |date=1975 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=11: 1The Gazetteers and the Census describe Kolis as a tribe which entered Gujarat in the early 16th century. They came in groups and often looted villages and towns. In 1535, the camp of Moghul Emperor Humayun at Cambay was plundered by them. They attacked Mehmedabad, a town in Kaira district |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zePZAAAAMAAJ |title=Exploring India's Rural Past: A Gujarat Village in the Early Nineteenth Century |date=2002 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-565732-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=22: Throughout the period of Musum rule in Gujarat, the Kolis are frequently referred to as dacoits, robbers, marauders and pirates, and as having helped many political adventurers by joining their irregular armies. The Kolis plundered the camp of the Mughal emperor Humayun at Cambay, and gave considerable trouble to Aurangzeb when he was Governor of Gujarat ( Commissariat 1938 : 356-7 ) . It is clear from all this information that the Kolis |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Erskine |first=William |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PXzW-XS9TQMC&dq=Humayun+Koli&pg=PA61 |title=A History of India Under the Two First Sovereigns of the House of Taimur, Báber and Humáyun |date=2012-05-24 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-108-04620-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=61 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=The Kolis had even plundered the camp of the Moghul Emperor Humayun at Cambay ( Khambhat ) in 1535 |language=en}}</ref> In 1613, Jahangir issued a sanguinary order for the extirpation of the race of the [[Koli people|Kolis]] who were notorious robbers and plunders living in the most inaccessible parts of [[Gujarat]]. A large number of them Koli chiefs slaughtered and the rest hunted to their mountains and deserts. 169 heads of such Koli chiefs killed in battle by Nurulla Ibrahim, commander of 'Bollodo'.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hanif |first=N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CXH4RHYwkEsC |title=Islamic Concept of Crime and Justice: Political justice and crime |publisher=Sarup & Sons |year=1999 |isbn=978-81-7625-063-4 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=73–74 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert |first=Sir Thomas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=46NMAQAAMAAJ |title=Sir Thomas Herbert, Bart: Travels in Africa, Persia, and Asia the Great : Some Years Travels Into Africa and Asia the Great, Especially Describing the Famous Empires of Persia and Hindustan, as Also Divers Other Kingdoms in the Oriental Indies, 1627-30, the 1677 Version |publisher=ACMRS (Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies) |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-86698-475-1 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=180 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Koli people|Kolis]] of [[Gujarat]] were most rebellious under the rule of Shah Jahan. In 1622, Shah Jahan sent Raja Vikramjit who was Governor of Gujarat to subdue the Kolis of [[Ahmedabad]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Behera |first=Maguni Charan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rVS9DwAAQBAJ |title=Tribal Studies in India: Perspectives of History, Archaeology and Culture |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |year=2019 |isbn=978-981-329-026-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=46 |language=en}}</ref> Between 1632 and 1635, four viceroys were appointed due to they could not manage the Koli activities well. Kolis of [[Kankrej, Gujarat|Kankrej]] in [[North Gujarat]] committed excesses and the Jam of [[Nawanagar State|Nawanagar]] did not paid the tribute. Soon Azam Khan was appointed who put the province in order by subduing the Kolis. Azam Khan marched against Koli rebels, When Ázam Khán reached [[Siddhpur|Sidhpur]], the merchants complained bitterly of the outrages of one Kánji, a [[Chunvalia Koli|Chunvalia]] Koli, who had been especially daring in plundering merchandise and committing highway robberies. Ázam Khán, anxious to start with a show of vigour, before proceeding to Áhmedábád, marched against Kánji, who fled to the village of Bhádar near [[Kheralu]], sixty miles north-east of Áhmedábád. Ázam Khán pursued him so hotly that Kánji surrendered, handed over his plunder, and gave security not only that he would not again commit robberies, but that he would pay an annual tribute of Rupees 10,000. Ázam Khán then built two fortified posts in the Koli country, naming one Ázamábád after himself, and the other Khalílábád after his son and He also made the Jam of Nawanagar surrender.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|p=279}} The next viceroy Ísa Tarkhán carried out financial reforms. In 1644, the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] prince [[Aurangzeb]] was appointed as the viceroy who was engaged in religious disputes for destroying a [[Jainism|Jain]] temple in [[Ahmedabad]]. Due to his disputes, he was replaced by [[Shaista Khan]] who failed to subdue Kolis. So the prince [[Murad Bakhsh]] was appointed as the viceroy in 1654. He restored the disorder soon and defeated the Koli rebels.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashburner |first=Bhagvánlál Indraji (1839-1888) John Whaley Watson (1838–1889) Jervoise Athelstane Baines (1847–1925) L. R. |title=History of Gujarát |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/54652/54652-h/54652-h.htm |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=www.gutenberg.org |pages=278–283 |language=en}}</ref> In 1719, Kolis of [[Mahi River]] were most rebellious against Mughal rule and plundering the villages, Mihir Ali Khan who was acting as Viceroy of Gujarat at the place of [[Ajit Singh of Marwar]], marched against Koli rebels of [[Mahi Kantha Agency|Mahi]] who were committing piracy against muslims and subdued them.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashburner |first=Bhagvánlál Indraji (1839-1888) John Whaley Watson (1838–1889) Jervoise Athelstane Baines (1847–1925) L. R. |title=History of Gujarát |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/54652/54652-h/54652-h.htm |access-date=2022-10-17 |website=www.gutenberg.org |language=en}}</ref> In 1721, Kasim Ali Khan who was an officer in Mughal Empire under Muuhammad Shah employed against the Kolis of Kheda district to collect the fine but they refused to pay and there was a battle in Pethapur between Kolis and Mughal army under Kasim Ali Khan. Kasim Ali Khan was killed by Kolis and Mughal army was defeated and retreat to base.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|p=303}} In 1722, Muhammad Bahadur, son of Salabat Khan Babi, was placed in charge of Sadra and Virpur, with the title of Sher Khan. Shortly after his arrival the viceroy marched against and subdued the rebellious Kolis of the Chunval but was wounded deeply. After that Kolis of Modhera opposed the Muhammad Shah but Modhera village was burnt down.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=304}} In 1729, Mughal Viceroy of Sultan Muhammad Shah faced the challenge of anti-muslim activities of Kolis of Sorath, viceroy marches against Kolis of sorath and destroying them taken to Ahmednagar.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=310}} after this, Jawan Mard Khan Babi who was Governor of Petlad ordered against rebellious Kolis of Balor, probably Bhátod about fifteen miles east of Bharuch, but Jawan Marad Khan was killed by a man of Koli tribe, and in revenge for his death the town of Balor was plundered. On the death of Jawán Mard Khan, at the request of Salabat Muhammad Khan Babi, his eldest son Kamal-ud-din Khan Babi received the districts of Sami and Munjpur and the title of Jawan Mard Khan.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=310 - 311}} In 1738, Sher Khan Babi was of Junagadh was appointed as governor of sorath, Babi was obliged to march against a Koli chieftain Kanji Chunvalia of Chhaniar in Chunval because Kanji opposed and resisted the mughal authority but Sher Khan Babi was bravely resisted by Kolis so Momin Khan was called with large force and Chhaniar was burned down by mughal army.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=322 - 323}} In 1739, Koli chieftan Jamaji of Thara, raised the Kolis of Kankrej against sultan and continually plundered the mughal territory. Jawan Marad Khan was ordered to march against the Koli chieftain but he was unable to maintain order so he requested the Fida-ud-din Khan to subdue the Kolis. After defeating the Koli chieftain, the Koli country was plundered by mughal troops.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=323}} In 1740, Kolis of Atarsumba, challenged the Mughal authority and refused to pay any form of tax to mughal sultan. Jawan marad khan along with his brother Zorawar Khan Babi Marched against Kolis of Atarsumba but they were strongly resisted and there was a battle but mughals defeated the Kolis and make them to pay tax. But it was not for long time, after some time, Kolis again refused to pay tax and mughal troops were sent under Abdul Hussain Khan and Vajeram burnt the three Koli villages.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=323 - 324}} In 1747, Rangoji a Maratha military leader returned to Áhmedábád, and Jawán Mard Khán had an interview with him a few miles from the city. Shortly after this the Kolis of Mehmudabad and Mahudha rebelled, but the revolt was speedily crushed by Sháhbáz Rohilla.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=331}} == Maratha Empire == In 1760, the peace of Peshwa government was broken by a rising of [[Koli caste|Kolis]] under their Naik [[Javji Bamble]]. Javji with drew to the hills and organised a series of gang robberies, causing widespread terror and misery throughout the country. For twenty years he held out bravely, defeating and killing the generals the Peshwa's Government sent against him. At last he was so hotly pursued that, on the advice of Dhondo Gopal, the Peshwa's governor at [[Nashik|Nasik]], he surrendered all his forts to [[Tukoji Rao Holkar|Tukoji Holkar]] and, through [[Holkar|Holkar's]] influence, was pardoned and placed in military and police charge of a district of sixty villages with powers of life and death outlaws. In 1798, a fresh disturbance took place among the Kolis. The leader of this outbreak was Ramji Naik Bhangria, who was an abler and more daring man than his prede cessors, and succeeded in baffling all the efforts of the Government officers to seize him. As force seemed hopeless, the Government offered Ramji a pardon and gave him an important police post.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hassan|first=Syed Siraj ul|url=|title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the [[Nizam]]'s Dominions|publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]]|year=1989|isbn=978-81-206-0488-9|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=333|language=en}}</ref> In 1763, the [[Peshwa]] [[Raghunath Rao|Raghunathrao]] had appointed Abha [[Purandare]] who was an anti koli as [[Sarnaik]], due to which the [[Koli clans and titles#Chivhe Kolis|Chivhe]] [[Koli caste|Kolis]] revolted against the Peshwa and captured [[Purandar Fort|Purandar]] and [[Sinhagad]] [[Forts in India|forts]] because the Kolis did not like Abha Purandare, so Abha removed the Kolis from the fortification and posted new Kiledars, due to which the Kolis attacked and captured the forts on 7 May 1764. Five days later, Rudramal fort was also captured and presented a challenge to the [[Prime Minister]] of the [[Maratha Empire]], Peshwa Raghunathrao.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Guha|first=Sumit|url=https://archive.org/details/historycollectiv0000sumi|title=History and Collective Memory in South Asia, 1200–2000|date=2019-11-01|publisher=[[University of Washington Press]]|isbn=978-0-295-74623-4|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historycollectiv0000sumi/page/n208 191]|language=en}}</ref> A few days later the Peshwa came to the fort to worship the deity inside the Purandar fort but the Peshwa got caught up by the Kolis. The Kolis looted all the belongings and weapons of the Peshwa and took him prisoner but released after some time. After this the Kolis started collecting revenue from the surrounding area. After this, the chief of the Kolis, Kondaji Chivhe, sent a letter to the Peshwa, in which it was written 'What now sir, what is the condition, how is the government doing, be in fun'. After reading this letter, the Peshwa felt a bit humiliated and in a fit of rage ordered the [[Maratha Army|Maratha army]] to attack but the army could not do anything because the Kolis himselves were [[Subedar]] and had fortified the forts well and the Peshwa faced failure. the humiliated Peshwa started taking the Kolis of Chivhe clan as captive. All those Chivhe kolis who were living in the territory of Peshwa were declared as rebels and started making captives. After this the Chivhe Kolis sent a letter to [[Madhavrao I|Madhavrao]] and explained whole matter, after this the Kolis handed over the forts to Madhavrao and the Chivahe Kolis were again handed over the fortifications.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Guha|first1=Sumit|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GSa5blriOYcC&dq=chivhe&pg=PA90|title=Environment and Ethnicity in India, 1200-1991|last2=Guha|first2=Lecturer Sumit|date=1999-07-15|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-64078-7|location=New Delhi, India|pages=83–105|language=en}}</ref> In the year 1776, a large number of the [[Shilkande Kolis|Shelkande]] [[Koli caste|Kolis]] of [[Otur, Maharashtra|Otur]] village, raised against [[Peshwa]] because of their hereditary land rights and as the Peshwa refused to do them. Kolis assembled a revolutionary army of Shelkande and Kokate Kolis and commenced plundering the surrounding villages and doing other violent activities in the hope of obtaining redress.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gāre|first=Govinda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vZciAAAAMAAJ|title=Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis|publisher=Shubhada Saraswat Publications|year=1976|location=New Delhi, India|pages=26|language=en}}</ref> In response, The Peshwa sent [[Maratha Army|Maratha]] troops from [[Pune]] against rebel kolis and surprised them, killed and wounded many of them. The Koli leaders were consequently forced to disperse the [[Koli rebellion against Maratha empire|rebels]]. The government officers learned that Sattu Shelkande, chief of the insurgents, was hiding in the neighboring [[jungle]]. The better to ensure this, they obliged him to enter into the Sunkli zamin or chain security (one [[Koli clans and titles#Koli Patil|Patil]]{{Broken anchor|date=2025-07-02|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Koli clans and titles#Koli Patil|reason= The anchor (Koli Patil) [[Special:Diff/10367568|has been deleted]].|diff_id=10367568}} going security for two or three cultivators, another Patil for five or six poorer Patils, and a [[Deshmukh (Koli title)|Deshmukh]] for a number of the Patils). Hearing of the measures the government officers were adopting, moved off to another place; this was partly for their own safety, and partly to save their friends from being harassed and punished for not fulfilling their promise of apprehending them. After the troops retired from the jungles, the Kolis recommenced their operations. Several seasons were passed in this way; however when [[Javji Bamble]] was appointed as [[Koli clans and titles#Koli Mansabdar|Mansabdar]]{{Broken anchor|date=2025-07-02|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Koli clans and titles#Koli Mansabdar|reason= The anchor (Koli Mansabdar) [[Special:Diff/10367568|has been deleted]].|diff_id=10367568}} of [[Rajur]] he was ordered by Peshwa to prevent the rebellious activities by rebels. Kolis did not wish to fight with Bumble because he was also a Koli by caste.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hardiman|first=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ|title=Histories for the Subordinated|publisher=[[Seagull Books]]|year=2007|isbn=978-1-905422-38-8|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=104|language=en}}</ref> Kolis remained quiet for of four years but Kolis went again to the jungles because his hereditary rights have not been fulfilled. The troops employed against the Shelkande Kolis and again forced them to disperse and the chiefs went to [[Aurangabad]]. Kolis had taken an oath that they would cut off the head of Patil of Otur, unless Peshwa afforded them redress. [[Nana Fadnavis|Nana Phadnavis]] who was minister in [[Maratha Empire]] declared that he would not pardon the Kolis again, as they were such a turbulent race and as no faith could be reposed in them. Nana Fadnavis detached few [[Brahmin]]s disguised as [[Gusainji|Gusai]], who gained information of the hiding place of Kolis and a detachment that marched to apprehend them was so fortunate as to bring them all prisoners to [[Junnar]], where the five Kolis were executed. Balwantrao, brother-in-law to Nana Fadnavis, was [[subedar]] of the district at the time, and it is asserted Balwantrao became very unhappy after the execution of these kolis. Therefore, in the hope of reestablishing the happiness that he had enjoyed, he erected a temple near river in Junnar, in which was placed as the object of worship a Punah Lingh, or five stones representing the five Kolis who were executed.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pillai|first=S. Devadas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P3uD22Ghqs4C&q=mahadev+koli|title=Indian Sociology Through Ghurye, a Dictionary|publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=1997|isbn=978-81-7154-807-1|location=New Delhi, India|pages=207–210|language=en}}</ref> == See more == * [[Koli dance]] == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rebellion, Koli}} [[Category:Koli people]] === Bibliography === {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Campbell |first=James Macnabb |editor=[[James Macnabb Campbell]] |title=History of Gujarát |url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/54652/54652-h/54652-h.htm |series=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency |volume=I(II) |year=1896 |publisher=The Government Central Press |chapter=Chapter III. MUGHAL VICEROYS. (A.D. 1573–1758) |pages=278–283}} {{PD-notice}} {{refend}} qo5256h1gff4mqt1v7h4zqkels51hv4 10367580 10367570 2025-07-02T12:10:24Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: Remove 2 notifications (When checking links to [[Koli clans and titles]]) 10367580 wikitext text/x-wiki The [[Koli ethnic group|Koli]] is a [[ethnic group|ethnic group]] of [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] which is mostly found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian States]] of [[Gujarat]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Goa|Goa]] and [[Sindh]] [[Administrative units of Pakistan|province]] of [[Pakistan]]. Here are a series of [[Revolution|revolts]] of [[Koli ethnic group|koli ethnic group]] in inhabited areas. [[File:Jhalkari Bai statue Agra, Uttar Pradesh.jpg|thumb|Statue of [[Jhalkaribai Koli]] who led the [[Indian independence movement]] in [[Bundelkhand]] region of [[Uttar Pradesh]] in 1857]] [[File:Statue of Naik Raghoji Rao Bhangre in Akola, Maharashtra.jpg|thumb|Statue of [[Raghoji Bhangre|Raghoji Bhangare]] who challenged the [[British Raj]] in [[Maharashtra]]]] == British Indian Empire == === Kheda of Gujarat === At the beginning of the nineteenth century, [[Koli Patel|Kolis]] posed a serious "law and order" problem for the new government of [[East India Company]], [[British Raj|British]] officials to declare that [[Koli clans of Gujarat|Kolis]] are one of the most "turbulent, predatory tribes in India". Many Kolis resided in villages outside the EIC's territorial jurisdiction but viewed the imposition of new legislation and colonization in the territory as a direct challenge to established local customs.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Chaturvedi|first=Vinayak|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MzPlZSOjCpsC&q=Dharala+Koli|title=Peasant Pasts: History and Memory in Western India|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|year=2007|isbn=978-0-520-25076-5|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]n|pages=30–33|language=en}}</ref> [[Koli rebellion against Maratha empire|Koli]] [[Tribal chief|chieftains]] and their peasant supporters were threatened by the British government settling the agricultural plains and establishing new modes of governance in the area. In protest, some [[Koli Zamidar|Koli zamidars]] filed petitions in the Court (Adalat) in [[Kheda]], stating that, according to local custom, the government had no authority over Kolis. Other chieftains simply ignored the authority of the EIC and organized peasant raids into towns and villages in [[British Raj|British]] territory, claiming a customary right to plunder villages as a form of their own tax collection, or a levy called giras. The district magistrate responded by stating such actions were "evil" and perpetuated by Koli chieftains.<ref name=":2" /> By 1808, Koli chieftains had begun organizing raids into towns and villages in the territory controlled by the EIC, to steal crops and other possessions. The town of [[Dholka]] and its neighboring villages became favorite targets. Dholka was in the northern borderlands of British territory, adjacent to land controlled by the chieftains. Groups of armed kolis, numbering between fifty and a hundred Kolis, easily entered Dholka and returned to their respective villages without difficulty. British officials lacked the manpower and local knowledge of the terrain to capture these men. However, there were instances when a chieftain was arrested and jailed for leading attacks on Dholka, as in the case of Bachur Khokani. On 20 February 1808, within a few days of Khokani's capture, a group of fifty Kolis stormed the jail and released their leader. Policemen were killed and six were wounded in the battle, and apparently, on the very same night, Khokani and his men organized another raid on the town.<ref name=":2" /> In an attempt to prevent further raids on Dholka, Kheda's magistrate, R. Holford, coordinated a plan that required local elites within the EIC's control to capture the raiders. Holford recognized the limitations of the EIC's power to arrest individuals residing outside its control, but he believed that British officials could force the elites who had villages within their legal jurisdiction to cooperate. The outcome of the official strategy had some success: in 1810, large numbers of Kolis had been arrested and convicted of crimes against the East India Company. Judge H. W. Diggle recommended that the prisoners to be transported to the British colony the [[Penang|Prince of Wales Island]] (for merly called [[Penang]]), or to a distant jail, for a minimum of seven years. It was argued that such an extreme measure would "overawe" and "check the daring and ferocious nature" of Kolis while simultaneously serving as a deterrent for others. However, as in the case of Bachur Khokani, a group of four hundred to five hundred armed men descended upon the jail at Kheda and released the imprisoned Kolis. Most of the prisoners dispersed into areas outside of British jurisdiction and were saved just days before being transported to the Prince of Wales Island. The raids continued in Dholka, and colonial officials urged the EIC to increase the size of the police force in Kheda. In addition, officials requested the support of soldiers from neighboring [[Baroda State]], who were supposed to have local intelligence networks in the border lands that could be used for recapturing the convicted Kolis and their accomplices. But the outcome of using greater force had a minimal impact on what had developed into a serious law and order problem for the EIC. Colonial officials were not able to prevent Koli rebels. Earlier attempts to press chieftains to cooperate in preventing attacks on gov ernment towns and villages had had limited results.<ref name=":2" /> In 1824, A. Crawford, the district collector of neighboring [[Ahmedabad]], suggested that a new strategy be adopted, including forcibly taking the possessions of Koli chieftains suspected of participating in the attacks or simply having any information about them. In addition, Crawford introduced the idea of using the military to destroy villages where Koli chieftains were hiding. This strategy marked an important departure from the policy of not entering areas that lay outside the jurisdiction of the EIC with the intention of using military force to capture chieftains or other raiders. However, the idea of completely destroying villages as a way to create "future peaceable conduct" did not prevent Kolis from challenging the authority and legitimacy of the EIC, and certainly it did not eliminate the armed excursions into British-controlled territory. In fact, it further intensified the demands of those Kolis who had been claiming that their customs and privileges were being violated by colonial officials.<ref name=":2" /> The raids continued through the 1830s with some regularity. Crawford to British officials, "Some special regulations should be made about the Kolis. No measures of ordinary severity have any effect. We never hear of a reformed Koli, or of one whose mode of life places him beyond suspicion. All seem alike, rich and poor, those whose necessities afford them an excuse for crime and those whose condition places them out of the reach of distress, are alike ready on the first opportunity to plunder. But by the 1840s, the application of colonial policies and the use of military force led to the subsidence of Koli attacks in British-controlled territory. Officials argued that the character of all Kolis-chieftains and peasants had improved, as many kolis had taken up settled agriculture and become hardworking and peaceable. Despite this acknowledgment of the transformation among the Kolis, the early-nineteenth-century encounters continued to influence the implementation of official policies in the district. In begin of 1857 and 1858, the government imposed regulations restricting Kolis from carrying weapons in Kheda district but kolis again raised.<ref name=":2" /> === Khanpur of Gujarat === In July 1857, the [[Koli caste|Kolis]] of Maliwad clan in [[Khanpur, Gujarat|Khanpur]] of [[Lunavada State]] challenged the British rule under their leader Surajmal<ref>{{Cite book|last=Copland|first=Ian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PxFuAAAAMAAJ|title=The British Raj and the Indian Princes: Paramountcy in Western India, 1857-1930|publisher=[[Orient Longman]]|year=1982|isbn=978-0-86131-210-8|location=New Delhi, India|pages=90|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ddUgAAAAMAAJ|title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India|publisher=Usha Publications|year=1985|location=New Delhi, India|pages=819|language=en}}</ref> after death of surajmal, kolis again raised and attacked the British troops under new koli chieftain Jivabhai [[Thakor]] of Khanpur.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Yecurī|first=Sītārāma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k30MAQAAMAAJ|title=The Great Revolt, a Left Appraisal|publisher=[[People's Democracy (newspaper)|People's Democracy]]|year=2008|isbn=978-81-906218-0-9|location=New Delhi, India|pages=169|language=en}}</ref> In December 1857, [[Captain]] Buckle attacked the Khanpur and captured some of the rebels and rest escaped to nearby hills and forests. They gathered again and attacked the British troops with more vigour. Lt. Morey, [[Jemadar|Jamadar]] Nurmohmad, Sheikh Cheda and Emamuddin pursued the Kolis and killed some of them. Then the Kolis fled to the bushes and ravines of the river. The two kolis were shot by the order of Buckle but [[British Indian Army|British army]] also lost three horsemen. The koli prisoners of Khanpur were transported to life, while non-koli prisoners of Khanpur were released after they witnessed the execution of their koli [[Koli clans and titles|chieftain]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dharaiya|first=Ramanlal Kakalbhai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wps5AQAAIAAJ|title=Gujarat in 1857|publisher=[[Gujarat University]]|year=1970|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=32|language=en}}</ref> The Kolis paid a huge price for their resistance to [[British Raj|British]] rule. They were not only defeated in battle and punished for having dared to resist. but, in the aftermath, these communities were marginalized by the rest of society as outlaws. Being arms-bearing community, they too were disarmed in early 1858 and also forced to practise [[agriculture]]. A majority of kolis were unable to adapt the lifestyle and norms of settled agriculture and were forced to give way to agriculturalist communities like Kanbi or Patidar in the latter half of the nineteenth century.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Yagnik|first=Achyut|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FYDviPFeoSAC&q=Khanpur+Koli|title=Shaping Of Modern Gujarat|date=2005-08-24|publisher=[[Penguin UK]]|isbn=978-81-8475-185-7|location=New Delhi, India|language=en}}</ref> === Chandap of Gujarat === In September 1857, Kolis of [[Chandap]] (Chandup) raised against [[British Raj|British rule]] under [[Koli caste|Koli]] chieftain Nathaji who led the 2000 kolis of Angar, Dubbora and Pratabpur in Mahi Kantha.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Copland|first=Ian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PxFuAAAAMAAJ|title=The British Raj and the Indian Princes: Paramountcy in Western India, 1857-1930|publisher=[[Orient Longman]]|year=1982|isbn=978-0-86131-210-8|location=New Delhi, India|pages=90|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Saṅghavī|first=Nagīnadāsa Purushottamadāsa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zDRwAAAAMAAJ|title=Gujarat: A Political Analysis|publisher=Centre for Social Studies|year=1995|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=108|language=en}}</ref> the Nathaji and Yamaji was Koli brothers, rulers of Chandap and were tributary to Gaikwad of Baroda and [[Rao (title)|Rao]] of [[Idar State|Idar]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rajyagor|first=S. B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-0pAAAAAMAAJ|title=History of Gujarat|publisher=S. Chand|year=1982|location=New Delhi, India|pages=422|language=en}}</ref> On 16 September 1857, the [[Maharaja]] [[Gaekwad dynasty|Gaekwad]] of [[Baroda State]] issued a proclamation not to rise to the people of [[Chandap]] under the [[Mahi Kantha Agency|Mahikantha agency]] and posted the 10 horsemen but Nathaji resisted the posting of horsemen so the kolis assembled together instant and attacked the Thana of that place in which a [[sowar]] of the Gaekwad Government was killed and two wounded and property plundered.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lobo|first=Lancy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ|title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region|publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation|year=1995|isbn=978-81-7075-035-2|location=New Delhi, India|pages=109|language=en}}</ref> The rising of Kolis affected the law and order situation in [[Vijapur]], [[Kheralu]] and [[Vadnagar]] Taluqas of [[Vadodara|Baroda]]. At the end of year, koli rebellion was crushed by the combined forces of Baroda State and British troops who destroyed the Chandap village. The kolis with stiff attitude under Nathaji continued their resistance from the hills.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dharaiya|first=Ramanlal Kakalbhai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wps5AQAAIAAJ|title=Gujarat in 1857|publisher=[[Gujarat University]]|year=1970|location=New Delhi, India|pages=38–40|language=en}}</ref> === Peth or Peint of Maharashtra === In December 1857, [[Nashik district|Nashik]] [[List of districts of Maharashtra|district]] was effected by the [[Indian independence movement]] and the Peint [[Jagir]] became centre of [[Rebellion|rebellious]] activities. The rebel [[Koli caste|Kolis]] plundered the [[Harsol]] market on the sixth of December and captured the Mamlatdar. From there they attacked Peint where Koli rebels numbering about 2,000 captured the [[Lieutenant]] Glasspool and his 30 officers. The Koli [[Raja]] Bhagvantrao was suspected and arrested by British government. He was also a "correspondent" of [[Nanasaheb]] [[Peshwa]]. After a trial, koli king and fifteen officials were sentenced and hanged on 28 December 1857. In response, the kolis attacked at the court in Peint and then went to the Raja to pay their respects to him. Kolis plundered the treasury of [[Dharampur State]], a comrade state of [[British Raj|British]] rule. The [[Thane]] police then seized two of the leading men in the gang who plundered the treasury in the Dharampoor Raja's territory. there was resistance and one of the policemen was shot by an arrow through the chest and one of the insurgents received a bayonet-wound in the stomach. British official Mr. Boswell started disarming the kolis and suggested that a strong party of police be posted at Peint to guard the treasury and prevent the further disturbances. Later it came out that the rising of the Kolis was planned five or six weeks ago by the late Raja and the [[Dewan]] of Peint and the [[Rani]] who lived in Nashik. Kolis disliked the [[Disarming Act]] and resisted the government. On the hearing that the troops were approaching to peint, kolis withdrew to the jungle in the neighbourhood. On Thursday, the Lieutenant Glasspool arrived with troops and started operations against the insurgents. But his troops being too weak to go out and attack the Kolis in the jungle and at the same time to defend the court and the town, Lieutenant Glasspool could not take any step for nearly a week. But the glasspool was joined by [[Captain]] Nuttall's forces coming from [[Trimbak]]. On the arrival of this new force, Kolis retreated to the south. They played hide and seek for a few days. Occasional fights took place. the Kolis lacked of weapons so they dispersed and hid themselves in different villages. They were gradually traced out and caught. Many of them had migrated to the State of Dharampur where the Raja's forces caught them and handed them over to the Government officials. All the insurgents having been apprehended the rising was ultimately put down. The property of the late Raja was ordered to be annexed in British India and the revenue of his villages was ordered to be collected for Government.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Divekar|first=V. D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XZNuAAAAMAAJ|title=South India in 1857 War of Independence|publisher=Lokmanya Tilak Smarak Trust|year=1993|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=221–225|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sircar|first=Pronob Kumar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZflNEAAAQBAJ&dq=Penth+Kolis&pg=PT106|title=History Of The Andaman Islands: Unsung Heroes and Untold Stories|date=2021-11-09|publisher=[[Notion Press]]|isbn=978-1-63997-605-8|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|language=en}}</ref> === Surat of Gujarat === During the [[Quit India Movement]] of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] in 1942, A large number of 3,000 [[Koli people|Koli]] [[cultivator]]s from Matwad, Karadi, Machhad and Kothmadi in [[Surat]] [[List of districts of Gujarat|District]] fought against British soldiers at Matwad with lathis and dharias on 21 August 1942. In this fight, four persons including one policeman died. The kolis also snatched away four police muskets and two bayonets. Kolis smashed up the [[Jalalpore]] [[List of railway stations in India|Railway Station]], removed the Rails and burnt down the post office. After this, situation in the neighbouring villages of [[Borsad]], [[Anand, Gujarat|Anand]] and [[Thasra]] [[Tehsil|taluqas]] became so aggravated that British troops was marched through the villages between 22 and 24 August 1942.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Krishan|first=Shri|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7sOGAwAAQBAJ&q=Matwad+Koli|title=Political Mobilization and Identity in Western India, 1934-47|date=2005-04-07|publisher=SAGE Publications India|isbn=978-81-321-0208-3|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=226|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Hardiman|first=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ|title=Histories for the Subordinated|publisher=[[Seagull Books]]|year=2007|isbn=978-1-905422-38-8|location=New Delhi, India|pages=157|language=en}}</ref> == Mughal Empire == The reason behind the rebellion was the imposition of land tax ([[Jizya|Jaziya]]) by [[Aurangzeb]]. The Koli [[Zamindar|Zamidars]] had taken up arms against the Sultan Aurangzeb under the leadership of Khemirao Sarnaik, as well as with the sympathy of [[Shivaji]] as it was a great benefit to Shivaji.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Hardiman|first1=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EsfAQAAIAAJ|title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India|last2=Hardiman|first2=Professor of History David|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=1996|isbn=978-0-19-563956-8|location=[[New Delhi]], India|pages=211|language=en}}</ref> Khemrao assembled all the Koli [[Nayak (title)|naiks]] and promised that he would get rid of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] rule in a single rise.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Roy|first=Dr Shibani|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ|title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar|publisher=Cosmo Publications|year=1983|location=New Delhi, India|pages=30–236|language=en}}</ref> Aurangzeb sent the [[Mughal army]] from the hilly areas to suppress the Koli rebellion, but the battle was very fierce in which thousands of Kolis were killed and the Mughal soldiers also. The Koli rebellion shook Aurangzeb. Sarnaik applied for help from Shivaji but shivaji was unable to help kolis because of their political matters and sarnaik was refused. The Khemirao Sarnaik fighting in this battle was killed by mughal commander nerrulaa, but the Koli rebellion was so intense that Aurangzeb got compelled to think.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gāre|first=Govinda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L8NAAAAAMAAJ|title=Itihāsa ādivāsı̄ vı̄rāñcā|publisher=Ādima Sāhitya|year=1982|location=[[Maharashtra]], India|pages=45|language=mr}}</ref> after the rebellion was crushed, the kolis were treated with kindness by Aurangzeb and than kolis achieve the high reputation under [[Peshwa]] for their daring and taking hill forts such as [[Kanhoji Angre]] and [[Tanaji Malusare]].<ref name=":2" / === Mughal Gujarat === In 1535, When Humayun was [[List of governors of Gujarat|Governor of Gujarat]], he encamped near [[Cambay State|Cambay]] ([[Khambhat]]). Humayun and his army was robbed and plundered by [[Koli people|Kolis]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=Ghanshyam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHHaAAAAMAAJ |title=Caste Association and Political Process in Gujarat: A Study of Gujarat Kshatriya Sabha |date=1975 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=11: 1The Gazetteers and the Census describe Kolis as a tribe which entered Gujarat in the early 16th century. They came in groups and often looted villages and towns. In 1535, the camp of Moghul Emperor Humayun at Cambay was plundered by them. They attacked Mehmedabad, a town in Kaira district |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zePZAAAAMAAJ |title=Exploring India's Rural Past: A Gujarat Village in the Early Nineteenth Century |date=2002 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-565732-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=22: Throughout the period of Musum rule in Gujarat, the Kolis are frequently referred to as dacoits, robbers, marauders and pirates, and as having helped many political adventurers by joining their irregular armies. The Kolis plundered the camp of the Mughal emperor Humayun at Cambay, and gave considerable trouble to Aurangzeb when he was Governor of Gujarat ( Commissariat 1938 : 356-7 ) . It is clear from all this information that the Kolis |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Erskine |first=William |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PXzW-XS9TQMC&dq=Humayun+Koli&pg=PA61 |title=A History of India Under the Two First Sovereigns of the House of Taimur, Báber and Humáyun |date=2012-05-24 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-108-04620-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=61 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=The Kolis had even plundered the camp of the Moghul Emperor Humayun at Cambay ( Khambhat ) in 1535 |language=en}}</ref> In 1613, Jahangir issued a sanguinary order for the extirpation of the race of the [[Koli people|Kolis]] who were notorious robbers and plunders living in the most inaccessible parts of [[Gujarat]]. A large number of them Koli chiefs slaughtered and the rest hunted to their mountains and deserts. 169 heads of such Koli chiefs killed in battle by Nurulla Ibrahim, commander of 'Bollodo'.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hanif |first=N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CXH4RHYwkEsC |title=Islamic Concept of Crime and Justice: Political justice and crime |publisher=Sarup & Sons |year=1999 |isbn=978-81-7625-063-4 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=73–74 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert |first=Sir Thomas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=46NMAQAAMAAJ |title=Sir Thomas Herbert, Bart: Travels in Africa, Persia, and Asia the Great : Some Years Travels Into Africa and Asia the Great, Especially Describing the Famous Empires of Persia and Hindustan, as Also Divers Other Kingdoms in the Oriental Indies, 1627-30, the 1677 Version |publisher=ACMRS (Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies) |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-86698-475-1 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=180 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Koli people|Kolis]] of [[Gujarat]] were most rebellious under the rule of Shah Jahan. In 1622, Shah Jahan sent Raja Vikramjit who was Governor of Gujarat to subdue the Kolis of [[Ahmedabad]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Behera |first=Maguni Charan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rVS9DwAAQBAJ |title=Tribal Studies in India: Perspectives of History, Archaeology and Culture |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |year=2019 |isbn=978-981-329-026-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=46 |language=en}}</ref> Between 1632 and 1635, four viceroys were appointed due to they could not manage the Koli activities well. Kolis of [[Kankrej, Gujarat|Kankrej]] in [[North Gujarat]] committed excesses and the Jam of [[Nawanagar State|Nawanagar]] did not paid the tribute. Soon Azam Khan was appointed who put the province in order by subduing the Kolis. Azam Khan marched against Koli rebels, When Ázam Khán reached [[Siddhpur|Sidhpur]], the merchants complained bitterly of the outrages of one Kánji, a [[Chunvalia Koli|Chunvalia]] Koli, who had been especially daring in plundering merchandise and committing highway robberies. Ázam Khán, anxious to start with a show of vigour, before proceeding to Áhmedábád, marched against Kánji, who fled to the village of Bhádar near [[Kheralu]], sixty miles north-east of Áhmedábád. Ázam Khán pursued him so hotly that Kánji surrendered, handed over his plunder, and gave security not only that he would not again commit robberies, but that he would pay an annual tribute of Rupees 10,000. Ázam Khán then built two fortified posts in the Koli country, naming one Ázamábád after himself, and the other Khalílábád after his son and He also made the Jam of Nawanagar surrender.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|p=279}} The next viceroy Ísa Tarkhán carried out financial reforms. In 1644, the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] prince [[Aurangzeb]] was appointed as the viceroy who was engaged in religious disputes for destroying a [[Jainism|Jain]] temple in [[Ahmedabad]]. Due to his disputes, he was replaced by [[Shaista Khan]] who failed to subdue Kolis. So the prince [[Murad Bakhsh]] was appointed as the viceroy in 1654. He restored the disorder soon and defeated the Koli rebels.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashburner |first=Bhagvánlál Indraji (1839-1888) John Whaley Watson (1838–1889) Jervoise Athelstane Baines (1847–1925) L. R. |title=History of Gujarát |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/54652/54652-h/54652-h.htm |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=www.gutenberg.org |pages=278–283 |language=en}}</ref> In 1719, Kolis of [[Mahi River]] were most rebellious against Mughal rule and plundering the villages, Mihir Ali Khan who was acting as Viceroy of Gujarat at the place of [[Ajit Singh of Marwar]], marched against Koli rebels of [[Mahi Kantha Agency|Mahi]] who were committing piracy against muslims and subdued them.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashburner |first=Bhagvánlál Indraji (1839-1888) John Whaley Watson (1838–1889) Jervoise Athelstane Baines (1847–1925) L. R. |title=History of Gujarát |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/54652/54652-h/54652-h.htm |access-date=2022-10-17 |website=www.gutenberg.org |language=en}}</ref> In 1721, Kasim Ali Khan who was an officer in Mughal Empire under Muuhammad Shah employed against the Kolis of Kheda district to collect the fine but they refused to pay and there was a battle in Pethapur between Kolis and Mughal army under Kasim Ali Khan. Kasim Ali Khan was killed by Kolis and Mughal army was defeated and retreat to base.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|p=303}} In 1722, Muhammad Bahadur, son of Salabat Khan Babi, was placed in charge of Sadra and Virpur, with the title of Sher Khan. Shortly after his arrival the viceroy marched against and subdued the rebellious Kolis of the Chunval but was wounded deeply. After that Kolis of Modhera opposed the Muhammad Shah but Modhera village was burnt down.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=304}} In 1729, Mughal Viceroy of Sultan Muhammad Shah faced the challenge of anti-muslim activities of Kolis of Sorath, viceroy marches against Kolis of sorath and destroying them taken to Ahmednagar.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=310}} after this, Jawan Mard Khan Babi who was Governor of Petlad ordered against rebellious Kolis of Balor, probably Bhátod about fifteen miles east of Bharuch, but Jawan Marad Khan was killed by a man of Koli tribe, and in revenge for his death the town of Balor was plundered. On the death of Jawán Mard Khan, at the request of Salabat Muhammad Khan Babi, his eldest son Kamal-ud-din Khan Babi received the districts of Sami and Munjpur and the title of Jawan Mard Khan.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=310 - 311}} In 1738, Sher Khan Babi was of Junagadh was appointed as governor of sorath, Babi was obliged to march against a Koli chieftain Kanji Chunvalia of Chhaniar in Chunval because Kanji opposed and resisted the mughal authority but Sher Khan Babi was bravely resisted by Kolis so Momin Khan was called with large force and Chhaniar was burned down by mughal army.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=322 - 323}} In 1739, Koli chieftan Jamaji of Thara, raised the Kolis of Kankrej against sultan and continually plundered the mughal territory. Jawan Marad Khan was ordered to march against the Koli chieftain but he was unable to maintain order so he requested the Fida-ud-din Khan to subdue the Kolis. After defeating the Koli chieftain, the Koli country was plundered by mughal troops.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=323}} In 1740, Kolis of Atarsumba, challenged the Mughal authority and refused to pay any form of tax to mughal sultan. Jawan marad khan along with his brother Zorawar Khan Babi Marched against Kolis of Atarsumba but they were strongly resisted and there was a battle but mughals defeated the Kolis and make them to pay tax. But it was not for long time, after some time, Kolis again refused to pay tax and mughal troops were sent under Abdul Hussain Khan and Vajeram burnt the three Koli villages.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=323 - 324}} In 1747, Rangoji a Maratha military leader returned to Áhmedábád, and Jawán Mard Khán had an interview with him a few miles from the city. Shortly after this the Kolis of Mehmudabad and Mahudha rebelled, but the revolt was speedily crushed by Sháhbáz Rohilla.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=331}} == Maratha Empire == In 1760, the peace of Peshwa government was broken by a rising of [[Koli caste|Kolis]] under their Naik [[Javji Bamble]]. Javji with drew to the hills and organised a series of gang robberies, causing widespread terror and misery throughout the country. For twenty years he held out bravely, defeating and killing the generals the Peshwa's Government sent against him. At last he was so hotly pursued that, on the advice of Dhondo Gopal, the Peshwa's governor at [[Nashik|Nasik]], he surrendered all his forts to [[Tukoji Rao Holkar|Tukoji Holkar]] and, through [[Holkar|Holkar's]] influence, was pardoned and placed in military and police charge of a district of sixty villages with powers of life and death outlaws. In 1798, a fresh disturbance took place among the Kolis. The leader of this outbreak was Ramji Naik Bhangria, who was an abler and more daring man than his prede cessors, and succeeded in baffling all the efforts of the Government officers to seize him. As force seemed hopeless, the Government offered Ramji a pardon and gave him an important police post.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hassan|first=Syed Siraj ul|url=|title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the [[Nizam]]'s Dominions|publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]]|year=1989|isbn=978-81-206-0488-9|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=333|language=en}}</ref> In 1763, the [[Peshwa]] [[Raghunath Rao|Raghunathrao]] had appointed Abha [[Purandare]] who was an anti koli as [[Sarnaik]], due to which the [[Koli clans and titles#Chivhe Kolis|Chivhe]] [[Koli caste|Kolis]] revolted against the Peshwa and captured [[Purandar Fort|Purandar]] and [[Sinhagad]] [[Forts in India|forts]] because the Kolis did not like Abha Purandare, so Abha removed the Kolis from the fortification and posted new Kiledars, due to which the Kolis attacked and captured the forts on 7 May 1764. Five days later, Rudramal fort was also captured and presented a challenge to the [[Prime Minister]] of the [[Maratha Empire]], Peshwa Raghunathrao.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Guha|first=Sumit|url=https://archive.org/details/historycollectiv0000sumi|title=History and Collective Memory in South Asia, 1200–2000|date=2019-11-01|publisher=[[University of Washington Press]]|isbn=978-0-295-74623-4|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historycollectiv0000sumi/page/n208 191]|language=en}}</ref> A few days later the Peshwa came to the fort to worship the deity inside the Purandar fort but the Peshwa got caught up by the Kolis. The Kolis looted all the belongings and weapons of the Peshwa and took him prisoner but released after some time. After this the Kolis started collecting revenue from the surrounding area. After this, the chief of the Kolis, Kondaji Chivhe, sent a letter to the Peshwa, in which it was written 'What now sir, what is the condition, how is the government doing, be in fun'. After reading this letter, the Peshwa felt a bit humiliated and in a fit of rage ordered the [[Maratha Army|Maratha army]] to attack but the army could not do anything because the Kolis himselves were [[Subedar]] and had fortified the forts well and the Peshwa faced failure. the humiliated Peshwa started taking the Kolis of Chivhe clan as captive. All those Chivhe kolis who were living in the territory of Peshwa were declared as rebels and started making captives. After this the Chivhe Kolis sent a letter to [[Madhavrao I|Madhavrao]] and explained whole matter, after this the Kolis handed over the forts to Madhavrao and the Chivahe Kolis were again handed over the fortifications.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Guha|first1=Sumit|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GSa5blriOYcC&dq=chivhe&pg=PA90|title=Environment and Ethnicity in India, 1200-1991|last2=Guha|first2=Lecturer Sumit|date=1999-07-15|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-64078-7|location=New Delhi, India|pages=83–105|language=en}}</ref> In the year 1776, a large number of the [[Shilkande Kolis|Shelkande]] [[Koli caste|Kolis]] of [[Otur, Maharashtra|Otur]] village, raised against [[Peshwa]] because of their hereditary land rights and as the Peshwa refused to do them. Kolis assembled a revolutionary army of Shelkande and Kokate Kolis and commenced plundering the surrounding villages and doing other violent activities in the hope of obtaining redress.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gāre|first=Govinda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vZciAAAAMAAJ|title=Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis|publisher=Shubhada Saraswat Publications|year=1976|location=New Delhi, India|pages=26|language=en}}</ref> In response, The Peshwa sent [[Maratha Army|Maratha]] troops from [[Pune]] against rebel kolis and surprised them, killed and wounded many of them. The Koli leaders were consequently forced to disperse the [[Koli rebellion against Maratha empire|rebels]]. The government officers learned that Sattu Shelkande, chief of the insurgents, was hiding in the neighboring [[jungle]]. The better to ensure this, they obliged him to enter into the Sunkli zamin or chain security (one [[Koli clans and titles#Koli Patil|Patil]] going security for two or three cultivators, another Patil for five or six poorer Patils, and a [[Deshmukh (Koli title)|Deshmukh]] for a number of the Patils). Hearing of the measures the government officers were adopting, moved off to another place; this was partly for their own safety, and partly to save their friends from being harassed and punished for not fulfilling their promise of apprehending them. After the troops retired from the jungles, the Kolis recommenced their operations. Several seasons were passed in this way; however when [[Javji Bamble]] was appointed as [[Koli clans and titles#Koli Mansabdar|Mansabdar]] of [[Rajur]] he was ordered by Peshwa to prevent the rebellious activities by rebels. Kolis did not wish to fight with Bumble because he was also a Koli by caste.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hardiman|first=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ|title=Histories for the Subordinated|publisher=[[Seagull Books]]|year=2007|isbn=978-1-905422-38-8|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=104|language=en}}</ref> Kolis remained quiet for of four years but Kolis went again to the jungles because his hereditary rights have not been fulfilled. The troops employed against the Shelkande Kolis and again forced them to disperse and the chiefs went to [[Aurangabad]]. Kolis had taken an oath that they would cut off the head of Patil of Otur, unless Peshwa afforded them redress. [[Nana Fadnavis|Nana Phadnavis]] who was minister in [[Maratha Empire]] declared that he would not pardon the Kolis again, as they were such a turbulent race and as no faith could be reposed in them. Nana Fadnavis detached few [[Brahmin]]s disguised as [[Gusainji|Gusai]], who gained information of the hiding place of Kolis and a detachment that marched to apprehend them was so fortunate as to bring them all prisoners to [[Junnar]], where the five Kolis were executed. Balwantrao, brother-in-law to Nana Fadnavis, was [[subedar]] of the district at the time, and it is asserted Balwantrao became very unhappy after the execution of these kolis. Therefore, in the hope of reestablishing the happiness that he had enjoyed, he erected a temple near river in Junnar, in which was placed as the object of worship a Punah Lingh, or five stones representing the five Kolis who were executed.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pillai|first=S. Devadas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P3uD22Ghqs4C&q=mahadev+koli|title=Indian Sociology Through Ghurye, a Dictionary|publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=1997|isbn=978-81-7154-807-1|location=New Delhi, India|pages=207–210|language=en}}</ref> == See more == * [[Koli dance]] == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rebellion, Koli}} [[Category:Koli people]] === Bibliography === {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Campbell |first=James Macnabb |editor=[[James Macnabb Campbell]] |title=History of Gujarát |url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/54652/54652-h/54652-h.htm |series=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency |volume=I(II) |year=1896 |publisher=The Government Central Press |chapter=Chapter III. MUGHAL VICEROYS. (A.D. 1573–1758) |pages=278–283}} {{PD-notice}} {{refend}} rrv1tvovm2woofooczbi4reoxxy2v3g 10367592 10367580 2025-07-02T12:14:14Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: Reminder of an inactive anchor: [[Koli clans and titles#Chivhe Kolis|Chivhe]] 10367592 wikitext text/x-wiki The [[Koli ethnic group|Koli]] is a [[ethnic group|ethnic group]] of [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] which is mostly found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian States]] of [[Gujarat]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Goa|Goa]] and [[Sindh]] [[Administrative units of Pakistan|province]] of [[Pakistan]]. Here are a series of [[Revolution|revolts]] of [[Koli ethnic group|koli ethnic group]] in inhabited areas. [[File:Jhalkari Bai statue Agra, Uttar Pradesh.jpg|thumb|Statue of [[Jhalkaribai Koli]] who led the [[Indian independence movement]] in [[Bundelkhand]] region of [[Uttar Pradesh]] in 1857]] [[File:Statue of Naik Raghoji Rao Bhangre in Akola, Maharashtra.jpg|thumb|Statue of [[Raghoji Bhangre|Raghoji Bhangare]] who challenged the [[British Raj]] in [[Maharashtra]]]] == British Indian Empire == === Kheda of Gujarat === At the beginning of the nineteenth century, [[Koli Patel|Kolis]] posed a serious "law and order" problem for the new government of [[East India Company]], [[British Raj|British]] officials to declare that [[Koli clans of Gujarat|Kolis]] are one of the most "turbulent, predatory tribes in India". Many Kolis resided in villages outside the EIC's territorial jurisdiction but viewed the imposition of new legislation and colonization in the territory as a direct challenge to established local customs.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Chaturvedi|first=Vinayak|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MzPlZSOjCpsC&q=Dharala+Koli|title=Peasant Pasts: History and Memory in Western India|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|year=2007|isbn=978-0-520-25076-5|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]n|pages=30–33|language=en}}</ref> [[Koli rebellion against Maratha empire|Koli]] [[Tribal chief|chieftains]] and their peasant supporters were threatened by the British government settling the agricultural plains and establishing new modes of governance in the area. In protest, some [[Koli Zamidar|Koli zamidars]] filed petitions in the Court (Adalat) in [[Kheda]], stating that, according to local custom, the government had no authority over Kolis. Other chieftains simply ignored the authority of the EIC and organized peasant raids into towns and villages in [[British Raj|British]] territory, claiming a customary right to plunder villages as a form of their own tax collection, or a levy called giras. The district magistrate responded by stating such actions were "evil" and perpetuated by Koli chieftains.<ref name=":2" /> By 1808, Koli chieftains had begun organizing raids into towns and villages in the territory controlled by the EIC, to steal crops and other possessions. The town of [[Dholka]] and its neighboring villages became favorite targets. Dholka was in the northern borderlands of British territory, adjacent to land controlled by the chieftains. Groups of armed kolis, numbering between fifty and a hundred Kolis, easily entered Dholka and returned to their respective villages without difficulty. British officials lacked the manpower and local knowledge of the terrain to capture these men. However, there were instances when a chieftain was arrested and jailed for leading attacks on Dholka, as in the case of Bachur Khokani. On 20 February 1808, within a few days of Khokani's capture, a group of fifty Kolis stormed the jail and released their leader. Policemen were killed and six were wounded in the battle, and apparently, on the very same night, Khokani and his men organized another raid on the town.<ref name=":2" /> In an attempt to prevent further raids on Dholka, Kheda's magistrate, R. Holford, coordinated a plan that required local elites within the EIC's control to capture the raiders. Holford recognized the limitations of the EIC's power to arrest individuals residing outside its control, but he believed that British officials could force the elites who had villages within their legal jurisdiction to cooperate. The outcome of the official strategy had some success: in 1810, large numbers of Kolis had been arrested and convicted of crimes against the East India Company. Judge H. W. Diggle recommended that the prisoners to be transported to the British colony the [[Penang|Prince of Wales Island]] (for merly called [[Penang]]), or to a distant jail, for a minimum of seven years. It was argued that such an extreme measure would "overawe" and "check the daring and ferocious nature" of Kolis while simultaneously serving as a deterrent for others. However, as in the case of Bachur Khokani, a group of four hundred to five hundred armed men descended upon the jail at Kheda and released the imprisoned Kolis. Most of the prisoners dispersed into areas outside of British jurisdiction and were saved just days before being transported to the Prince of Wales Island. The raids continued in Dholka, and colonial officials urged the EIC to increase the size of the police force in Kheda. In addition, officials requested the support of soldiers from neighboring [[Baroda State]], who were supposed to have local intelligence networks in the border lands that could be used for recapturing the convicted Kolis and their accomplices. But the outcome of using greater force had a minimal impact on what had developed into a serious law and order problem for the EIC. Colonial officials were not able to prevent Koli rebels. Earlier attempts to press chieftains to cooperate in preventing attacks on gov ernment towns and villages had had limited results.<ref name=":2" /> In 1824, A. Crawford, the district collector of neighboring [[Ahmedabad]], suggested that a new strategy be adopted, including forcibly taking the possessions of Koli chieftains suspected of participating in the attacks or simply having any information about them. In addition, Crawford introduced the idea of using the military to destroy villages where Koli chieftains were hiding. This strategy marked an important departure from the policy of not entering areas that lay outside the jurisdiction of the EIC with the intention of using military force to capture chieftains or other raiders. However, the idea of completely destroying villages as a way to create "future peaceable conduct" did not prevent Kolis from challenging the authority and legitimacy of the EIC, and certainly it did not eliminate the armed excursions into British-controlled territory. In fact, it further intensified the demands of those Kolis who had been claiming that their customs and privileges were being violated by colonial officials.<ref name=":2" /> The raids continued through the 1830s with some regularity. Crawford to British officials, "Some special regulations should be made about the Kolis. No measures of ordinary severity have any effect. We never hear of a reformed Koli, or of one whose mode of life places him beyond suspicion. All seem alike, rich and poor, those whose necessities afford them an excuse for crime and those whose condition places them out of the reach of distress, are alike ready on the first opportunity to plunder. But by the 1840s, the application of colonial policies and the use of military force led to the subsidence of Koli attacks in British-controlled territory. Officials argued that the character of all Kolis-chieftains and peasants had improved, as many kolis had taken up settled agriculture and become hardworking and peaceable. Despite this acknowledgment of the transformation among the Kolis, the early-nineteenth-century encounters continued to influence the implementation of official policies in the district. In begin of 1857 and 1858, the government imposed regulations restricting Kolis from carrying weapons in Kheda district but kolis again raised.<ref name=":2" /> === Khanpur of Gujarat === In July 1857, the [[Koli caste|Kolis]] of Maliwad clan in [[Khanpur, Gujarat|Khanpur]] of [[Lunavada State]] challenged the British rule under their leader Surajmal<ref>{{Cite book|last=Copland|first=Ian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PxFuAAAAMAAJ|title=The British Raj and the Indian Princes: Paramountcy in Western India, 1857-1930|publisher=[[Orient Longman]]|year=1982|isbn=978-0-86131-210-8|location=New Delhi, India|pages=90|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ddUgAAAAMAAJ|title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India|publisher=Usha Publications|year=1985|location=New Delhi, India|pages=819|language=en}}</ref> after death of surajmal, kolis again raised and attacked the British troops under new koli chieftain Jivabhai [[Thakor]] of Khanpur.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Yecurī|first=Sītārāma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k30MAQAAMAAJ|title=The Great Revolt, a Left Appraisal|publisher=[[People's Democracy (newspaper)|People's Democracy]]|year=2008|isbn=978-81-906218-0-9|location=New Delhi, India|pages=169|language=en}}</ref> In December 1857, [[Captain]] Buckle attacked the Khanpur and captured some of the rebels and rest escaped to nearby hills and forests. They gathered again and attacked the British troops with more vigour. Lt. Morey, [[Jemadar|Jamadar]] Nurmohmad, Sheikh Cheda and Emamuddin pursued the Kolis and killed some of them. Then the Kolis fled to the bushes and ravines of the river. The two kolis were shot by the order of Buckle but [[British Indian Army|British army]] also lost three horsemen. The koli prisoners of Khanpur were transported to life, while non-koli prisoners of Khanpur were released after they witnessed the execution of their koli [[Koli clans and titles|chieftain]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dharaiya|first=Ramanlal Kakalbhai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wps5AQAAIAAJ|title=Gujarat in 1857|publisher=[[Gujarat University]]|year=1970|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=32|language=en}}</ref> The Kolis paid a huge price for their resistance to [[British Raj|British]] rule. They were not only defeated in battle and punished for having dared to resist. but, in the aftermath, these communities were marginalized by the rest of society as outlaws. Being arms-bearing community, they too were disarmed in early 1858 and also forced to practise [[agriculture]]. A majority of kolis were unable to adapt the lifestyle and norms of settled agriculture and were forced to give way to agriculturalist communities like Kanbi or Patidar in the latter half of the nineteenth century.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Yagnik|first=Achyut|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FYDviPFeoSAC&q=Khanpur+Koli|title=Shaping Of Modern Gujarat|date=2005-08-24|publisher=[[Penguin UK]]|isbn=978-81-8475-185-7|location=New Delhi, India|language=en}}</ref> === Chandap of Gujarat === In September 1857, Kolis of [[Chandap]] (Chandup) raised against [[British Raj|British rule]] under [[Koli caste|Koli]] chieftain Nathaji who led the 2000 kolis of Angar, Dubbora and Pratabpur in Mahi Kantha.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Copland|first=Ian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PxFuAAAAMAAJ|title=The British Raj and the Indian Princes: Paramountcy in Western India, 1857-1930|publisher=[[Orient Longman]]|year=1982|isbn=978-0-86131-210-8|location=New Delhi, India|pages=90|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Saṅghavī|first=Nagīnadāsa Purushottamadāsa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zDRwAAAAMAAJ|title=Gujarat: A Political Analysis|publisher=Centre for Social Studies|year=1995|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=108|language=en}}</ref> the Nathaji and Yamaji was Koli brothers, rulers of Chandap and were tributary to Gaikwad of Baroda and [[Rao (title)|Rao]] of [[Idar State|Idar]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rajyagor|first=S. B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-0pAAAAAMAAJ|title=History of Gujarat|publisher=S. Chand|year=1982|location=New Delhi, India|pages=422|language=en}}</ref> On 16 September 1857, the [[Maharaja]] [[Gaekwad dynasty|Gaekwad]] of [[Baroda State]] issued a proclamation not to rise to the people of [[Chandap]] under the [[Mahi Kantha Agency|Mahikantha agency]] and posted the 10 horsemen but Nathaji resisted the posting of horsemen so the kolis assembled together instant and attacked the Thana of that place in which a [[sowar]] of the Gaekwad Government was killed and two wounded and property plundered.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lobo|first=Lancy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ|title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region|publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation|year=1995|isbn=978-81-7075-035-2|location=New Delhi, India|pages=109|language=en}}</ref> The rising of Kolis affected the law and order situation in [[Vijapur]], [[Kheralu]] and [[Vadnagar]] Taluqas of [[Vadodara|Baroda]]. At the end of year, koli rebellion was crushed by the combined forces of Baroda State and British troops who destroyed the Chandap village. The kolis with stiff attitude under Nathaji continued their resistance from the hills.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dharaiya|first=Ramanlal Kakalbhai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wps5AQAAIAAJ|title=Gujarat in 1857|publisher=[[Gujarat University]]|year=1970|location=New Delhi, India|pages=38–40|language=en}}</ref> === Peth or Peint of Maharashtra === In December 1857, [[Nashik district|Nashik]] [[List of districts of Maharashtra|district]] was effected by the [[Indian independence movement]] and the Peint [[Jagir]] became centre of [[Rebellion|rebellious]] activities. The rebel [[Koli caste|Kolis]] plundered the [[Harsol]] market on the sixth of December and captured the Mamlatdar. From there they attacked Peint where Koli rebels numbering about 2,000 captured the [[Lieutenant]] Glasspool and his 30 officers. The Koli [[Raja]] Bhagvantrao was suspected and arrested by British government. He was also a "correspondent" of [[Nanasaheb]] [[Peshwa]]. After a trial, koli king and fifteen officials were sentenced and hanged on 28 December 1857. In response, the kolis attacked at the court in Peint and then went to the Raja to pay their respects to him. Kolis plundered the treasury of [[Dharampur State]], a comrade state of [[British Raj|British]] rule. The [[Thane]] police then seized two of the leading men in the gang who plundered the treasury in the Dharampoor Raja's territory. there was resistance and one of the policemen was shot by an arrow through the chest and one of the insurgents received a bayonet-wound in the stomach. British official Mr. Boswell started disarming the kolis and suggested that a strong party of police be posted at Peint to guard the treasury and prevent the further disturbances. Later it came out that the rising of the Kolis was planned five or six weeks ago by the late Raja and the [[Dewan]] of Peint and the [[Rani]] who lived in Nashik. Kolis disliked the [[Disarming Act]] and resisted the government. On the hearing that the troops were approaching to peint, kolis withdrew to the jungle in the neighbourhood. On Thursday, the Lieutenant Glasspool arrived with troops and started operations against the insurgents. But his troops being too weak to go out and attack the Kolis in the jungle and at the same time to defend the court and the town, Lieutenant Glasspool could not take any step for nearly a week. But the glasspool was joined by [[Captain]] Nuttall's forces coming from [[Trimbak]]. On the arrival of this new force, Kolis retreated to the south. They played hide and seek for a few days. Occasional fights took place. the Kolis lacked of weapons so they dispersed and hid themselves in different villages. They were gradually traced out and caught. Many of them had migrated to the State of Dharampur where the Raja's forces caught them and handed them over to the Government officials. All the insurgents having been apprehended the rising was ultimately put down. The property of the late Raja was ordered to be annexed in British India and the revenue of his villages was ordered to be collected for Government.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Divekar|first=V. D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XZNuAAAAMAAJ|title=South India in 1857 War of Independence|publisher=Lokmanya Tilak Smarak Trust|year=1993|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=221–225|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sircar|first=Pronob Kumar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZflNEAAAQBAJ&dq=Penth+Kolis&pg=PT106|title=History Of The Andaman Islands: Unsung Heroes and Untold Stories|date=2021-11-09|publisher=[[Notion Press]]|isbn=978-1-63997-605-8|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|language=en}}</ref> === Surat of Gujarat === During the [[Quit India Movement]] of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] in 1942, A large number of 3,000 [[Koli people|Koli]] [[cultivator]]s from Matwad, Karadi, Machhad and Kothmadi in [[Surat]] [[List of districts of Gujarat|District]] fought against British soldiers at Matwad with lathis and dharias on 21 August 1942. In this fight, four persons including one policeman died. The kolis also snatched away four police muskets and two bayonets. Kolis smashed up the [[Jalalpore]] [[List of railway stations in India|Railway Station]], removed the Rails and burnt down the post office. After this, situation in the neighbouring villages of [[Borsad]], [[Anand, Gujarat|Anand]] and [[Thasra]] [[Tehsil|taluqas]] became so aggravated that British troops was marched through the villages between 22 and 24 August 1942.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Krishan|first=Shri|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7sOGAwAAQBAJ&q=Matwad+Koli|title=Political Mobilization and Identity in Western India, 1934-47|date=2005-04-07|publisher=SAGE Publications India|isbn=978-81-321-0208-3|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=226|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Hardiman|first=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ|title=Histories for the Subordinated|publisher=[[Seagull Books]]|year=2007|isbn=978-1-905422-38-8|location=New Delhi, India|pages=157|language=en}}</ref> == Mughal Empire == The reason behind the rebellion was the imposition of land tax ([[Jizya|Jaziya]]) by [[Aurangzeb]]. The Koli [[Zamindar|Zamidars]] had taken up arms against the Sultan Aurangzeb under the leadership of Khemirao Sarnaik, as well as with the sympathy of [[Shivaji]] as it was a great benefit to Shivaji.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Hardiman|first1=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EsfAQAAIAAJ|title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India|last2=Hardiman|first2=Professor of History David|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=1996|isbn=978-0-19-563956-8|location=[[New Delhi]], India|pages=211|language=en}}</ref> Khemrao assembled all the Koli [[Nayak (title)|naiks]] and promised that he would get rid of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] rule in a single rise.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Roy|first=Dr Shibani|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ|title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar|publisher=Cosmo Publications|year=1983|location=New Delhi, India|pages=30–236|language=en}}</ref> Aurangzeb sent the [[Mughal army]] from the hilly areas to suppress the Koli rebellion, but the battle was very fierce in which thousands of Kolis were killed and the Mughal soldiers also. The Koli rebellion shook Aurangzeb. Sarnaik applied for help from Shivaji but shivaji was unable to help kolis because of their political matters and sarnaik was refused. The Khemirao Sarnaik fighting in this battle was killed by mughal commander nerrulaa, but the Koli rebellion was so intense that Aurangzeb got compelled to think.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gāre|first=Govinda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L8NAAAAAMAAJ|title=Itihāsa ādivāsı̄ vı̄rāñcā|publisher=Ādima Sāhitya|year=1982|location=[[Maharashtra]], India|pages=45|language=mr}}</ref> after the rebellion was crushed, the kolis were treated with kindness by Aurangzeb and than kolis achieve the high reputation under [[Peshwa]] for their daring and taking hill forts such as [[Kanhoji Angre]] and [[Tanaji Malusare]].<ref name=":2" / === Mughal Gujarat === In 1535, When Humayun was [[List of governors of Gujarat|Governor of Gujarat]], he encamped near [[Cambay State|Cambay]] ([[Khambhat]]). Humayun and his army was robbed and plundered by [[Koli people|Kolis]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=Ghanshyam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHHaAAAAMAAJ |title=Caste Association and Political Process in Gujarat: A Study of Gujarat Kshatriya Sabha |date=1975 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=11: 1The Gazetteers and the Census describe Kolis as a tribe which entered Gujarat in the early 16th century. They came in groups and often looted villages and towns. In 1535, the camp of Moghul Emperor Humayun at Cambay was plundered by them. They attacked Mehmedabad, a town in Kaira district |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zePZAAAAMAAJ |title=Exploring India's Rural Past: A Gujarat Village in the Early Nineteenth Century |date=2002 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-565732-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=22: Throughout the period of Musum rule in Gujarat, the Kolis are frequently referred to as dacoits, robbers, marauders and pirates, and as having helped many political adventurers by joining their irregular armies. The Kolis plundered the camp of the Mughal emperor Humayun at Cambay, and gave considerable trouble to Aurangzeb when he was Governor of Gujarat ( Commissariat 1938 : 356-7 ) . It is clear from all this information that the Kolis |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Erskine |first=William |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PXzW-XS9TQMC&dq=Humayun+Koli&pg=PA61 |title=A History of India Under the Two First Sovereigns of the House of Taimur, Báber and Humáyun |date=2012-05-24 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-108-04620-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=61 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=The Kolis had even plundered the camp of the Moghul Emperor Humayun at Cambay ( Khambhat ) in 1535 |language=en}}</ref> In 1613, Jahangir issued a sanguinary order for the extirpation of the race of the [[Koli people|Kolis]] who were notorious robbers and plunders living in the most inaccessible parts of [[Gujarat]]. A large number of them Koli chiefs slaughtered and the rest hunted to their mountains and deserts. 169 heads of such Koli chiefs killed in battle by Nurulla Ibrahim, commander of 'Bollodo'.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hanif |first=N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CXH4RHYwkEsC |title=Islamic Concept of Crime and Justice: Political justice and crime |publisher=Sarup & Sons |year=1999 |isbn=978-81-7625-063-4 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=73–74 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert |first=Sir Thomas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=46NMAQAAMAAJ |title=Sir Thomas Herbert, Bart: Travels in Africa, Persia, and Asia the Great : Some Years Travels Into Africa and Asia the Great, Especially Describing the Famous Empires of Persia and Hindustan, as Also Divers Other Kingdoms in the Oriental Indies, 1627-30, the 1677 Version |publisher=ACMRS (Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies) |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-86698-475-1 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=180 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Koli people|Kolis]] of [[Gujarat]] were most rebellious under the rule of Shah Jahan. In 1622, Shah Jahan sent Raja Vikramjit who was Governor of Gujarat to subdue the Kolis of [[Ahmedabad]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Behera |first=Maguni Charan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rVS9DwAAQBAJ |title=Tribal Studies in India: Perspectives of History, Archaeology and Culture |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |year=2019 |isbn=978-981-329-026-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=46 |language=en}}</ref> Between 1632 and 1635, four viceroys were appointed due to they could not manage the Koli activities well. Kolis of [[Kankrej, Gujarat|Kankrej]] in [[North Gujarat]] committed excesses and the Jam of [[Nawanagar State|Nawanagar]] did not paid the tribute. Soon Azam Khan was appointed who put the province in order by subduing the Kolis. Azam Khan marched against Koli rebels, When Ázam Khán reached [[Siddhpur|Sidhpur]], the merchants complained bitterly of the outrages of one Kánji, a [[Chunvalia Koli|Chunvalia]] Koli, who had been especially daring in plundering merchandise and committing highway robberies. Ázam Khán, anxious to start with a show of vigour, before proceeding to Áhmedábád, marched against Kánji, who fled to the village of Bhádar near [[Kheralu]], sixty miles north-east of Áhmedábád. Ázam Khán pursued him so hotly that Kánji surrendered, handed over his plunder, and gave security not only that he would not again commit robberies, but that he would pay an annual tribute of Rupees 10,000. Ázam Khán then built two fortified posts in the Koli country, naming one Ázamábád after himself, and the other Khalílábád after his son and He also made the Jam of Nawanagar surrender.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|p=279}} The next viceroy Ísa Tarkhán carried out financial reforms. In 1644, the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] prince [[Aurangzeb]] was appointed as the viceroy who was engaged in religious disputes for destroying a [[Jainism|Jain]] temple in [[Ahmedabad]]. Due to his disputes, he was replaced by [[Shaista Khan]] who failed to subdue Kolis. So the prince [[Murad Bakhsh]] was appointed as the viceroy in 1654. He restored the disorder soon and defeated the Koli rebels.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashburner |first=Bhagvánlál Indraji (1839-1888) John Whaley Watson (1838–1889) Jervoise Athelstane Baines (1847–1925) L. R. |title=History of Gujarát |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/54652/54652-h/54652-h.htm |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=www.gutenberg.org |pages=278–283 |language=en}}</ref> In 1719, Kolis of [[Mahi River]] were most rebellious against Mughal rule and plundering the villages, Mihir Ali Khan who was acting as Viceroy of Gujarat at the place of [[Ajit Singh of Marwar]], marched against Koli rebels of [[Mahi Kantha Agency|Mahi]] who were committing piracy against muslims and subdued them.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashburner |first=Bhagvánlál Indraji (1839-1888) John Whaley Watson (1838–1889) Jervoise Athelstane Baines (1847–1925) L. R. |title=History of Gujarát |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/54652/54652-h/54652-h.htm |access-date=2022-10-17 |website=www.gutenberg.org |language=en}}</ref> In 1721, Kasim Ali Khan who was an officer in Mughal Empire under Muuhammad Shah employed against the Kolis of Kheda district to collect the fine but they refused to pay and there was a battle in Pethapur between Kolis and Mughal army under Kasim Ali Khan. Kasim Ali Khan was killed by Kolis and Mughal army was defeated and retreat to base.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|p=303}} In 1722, Muhammad Bahadur, son of Salabat Khan Babi, was placed in charge of Sadra and Virpur, with the title of Sher Khan. Shortly after his arrival the viceroy marched against and subdued the rebellious Kolis of the Chunval but was wounded deeply. After that Kolis of Modhera opposed the Muhammad Shah but Modhera village was burnt down.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=304}} In 1729, Mughal Viceroy of Sultan Muhammad Shah faced the challenge of anti-muslim activities of Kolis of Sorath, viceroy marches against Kolis of sorath and destroying them taken to Ahmednagar.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=310}} after this, Jawan Mard Khan Babi who was Governor of Petlad ordered against rebellious Kolis of Balor, probably Bhátod about fifteen miles east of Bharuch, but Jawan Marad Khan was killed by a man of Koli tribe, and in revenge for his death the town of Balor was plundered. On the death of Jawán Mard Khan, at the request of Salabat Muhammad Khan Babi, his eldest son Kamal-ud-din Khan Babi received the districts of Sami and Munjpur and the title of Jawan Mard Khan.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=310 - 311}} In 1738, Sher Khan Babi was of Junagadh was appointed as governor of sorath, Babi was obliged to march against a Koli chieftain Kanji Chunvalia of Chhaniar in Chunval because Kanji opposed and resisted the mughal authority but Sher Khan Babi was bravely resisted by Kolis so Momin Khan was called with large force and Chhaniar was burned down by mughal army.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=322 - 323}} In 1739, Koli chieftan Jamaji of Thara, raised the Kolis of Kankrej against sultan and continually plundered the mughal territory. Jawan Marad Khan was ordered to march against the Koli chieftain but he was unable to maintain order so he requested the Fida-ud-din Khan to subdue the Kolis. After defeating the Koli chieftain, the Koli country was plundered by mughal troops.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=323}} In 1740, Kolis of Atarsumba, challenged the Mughal authority and refused to pay any form of tax to mughal sultan. Jawan marad khan along with his brother Zorawar Khan Babi Marched against Kolis of Atarsumba but they were strongly resisted and there was a battle but mughals defeated the Kolis and make them to pay tax. But it was not for long time, after some time, Kolis again refused to pay tax and mughal troops were sent under Abdul Hussain Khan and Vajeram burnt the three Koli villages.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=323 - 324}} In 1747, Rangoji a Maratha military leader returned to Áhmedábád, and Jawán Mard Khán had an interview with him a few miles from the city. Shortly after this the Kolis of Mehmudabad and Mahudha rebelled, but the revolt was speedily crushed by Sháhbáz Rohilla.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=331}} == Maratha Empire == In 1760, the peace of Peshwa government was broken by a rising of [[Koli caste|Kolis]] under their Naik [[Javji Bamble]]. Javji with drew to the hills and organised a series of gang robberies, causing widespread terror and misery throughout the country. For twenty years he held out bravely, defeating and killing the generals the Peshwa's Government sent against him. At last he was so hotly pursued that, on the advice of Dhondo Gopal, the Peshwa's governor at [[Nashik|Nasik]], he surrendered all his forts to [[Tukoji Rao Holkar|Tukoji Holkar]] and, through [[Holkar|Holkar's]] influence, was pardoned and placed in military and police charge of a district of sixty villages with powers of life and death outlaws. In 1798, a fresh disturbance took place among the Kolis. The leader of this outbreak was Ramji Naik Bhangria, who was an abler and more daring man than his prede cessors, and succeeded in baffling all the efforts of the Government officers to seize him. As force seemed hopeless, the Government offered Ramji a pardon and gave him an important police post.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hassan|first=Syed Siraj ul|url=|title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the [[Nizam]]'s Dominions|publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]]|year=1989|isbn=978-81-206-0488-9|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=333|language=en}}</ref> In 1763, the [[Peshwa]] [[Raghunath Rao|Raghunathrao]] had appointed Abha [[Purandare]] who was an anti koli as [[Sarnaik]], due to which the [[Koli clans and titles#Chivhe Kolis|Chivhe]]{{Broken anchor|date=2025-07-02|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Koli clans and titles#Chivhe Kolis|reason= The anchor (Chivhe Kolis) [[Special:Diff/10367586|has been deleted]].|diff_id=10367586}} [[Koli caste|Kolis]] revolted against the Peshwa and captured [[Purandar Fort|Purandar]] and [[Sinhagad]] [[Forts in India|forts]] because the Kolis did not like Abha Purandare, so Abha removed the Kolis from the fortification and posted new Kiledars, due to which the Kolis attacked and captured the forts on 7 May 1764. Five days later, Rudramal fort was also captured and presented a challenge to the [[Prime Minister]] of the [[Maratha Empire]], Peshwa Raghunathrao.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Guha|first=Sumit|url=https://archive.org/details/historycollectiv0000sumi|title=History and Collective Memory in South Asia, 1200–2000|date=2019-11-01|publisher=[[University of Washington Press]]|isbn=978-0-295-74623-4|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historycollectiv0000sumi/page/n208 191]|language=en}}</ref> A few days later the Peshwa came to the fort to worship the deity inside the Purandar fort but the Peshwa got caught up by the Kolis. The Kolis looted all the belongings and weapons of the Peshwa and took him prisoner but released after some time. After this the Kolis started collecting revenue from the surrounding area. After this, the chief of the Kolis, Kondaji Chivhe, sent a letter to the Peshwa, in which it was written 'What now sir, what is the condition, how is the government doing, be in fun'. After reading this letter, the Peshwa felt a bit humiliated and in a fit of rage ordered the [[Maratha Army|Maratha army]] to attack but the army could not do anything because the Kolis himselves were [[Subedar]] and had fortified the forts well and the Peshwa faced failure. the humiliated Peshwa started taking the Kolis of Chivhe clan as captive. All those Chivhe kolis who were living in the territory of Peshwa were declared as rebels and started making captives. After this the Chivhe Kolis sent a letter to [[Madhavrao I|Madhavrao]] and explained whole matter, after this the Kolis handed over the forts to Madhavrao and the Chivahe Kolis were again handed over the fortifications.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Guha|first1=Sumit|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GSa5blriOYcC&dq=chivhe&pg=PA90|title=Environment and Ethnicity in India, 1200-1991|last2=Guha|first2=Lecturer Sumit|date=1999-07-15|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-64078-7|location=New Delhi, India|pages=83–105|language=en}}</ref> In the year 1776, a large number of the [[Shilkande Kolis|Shelkande]] [[Koli caste|Kolis]] of [[Otur, Maharashtra|Otur]] village, raised against [[Peshwa]] because of their hereditary land rights and as the Peshwa refused to do them. Kolis assembled a revolutionary army of Shelkande and Kokate Kolis and commenced plundering the surrounding villages and doing other violent activities in the hope of obtaining redress.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gāre|first=Govinda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vZciAAAAMAAJ|title=Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis|publisher=Shubhada Saraswat Publications|year=1976|location=New Delhi, India|pages=26|language=en}}</ref> In response, The Peshwa sent [[Maratha Army|Maratha]] troops from [[Pune]] against rebel kolis and surprised them, killed and wounded many of them. The Koli leaders were consequently forced to disperse the [[Koli rebellion against Maratha empire|rebels]]. The government officers learned that Sattu Shelkande, chief of the insurgents, was hiding in the neighboring [[jungle]]. The better to ensure this, they obliged him to enter into the Sunkli zamin or chain security (one [[Koli clans and titles#Koli Patil|Patil]] going security for two or three cultivators, another Patil for five or six poorer Patils, and a [[Deshmukh (Koli title)|Deshmukh]] for a number of the Patils). Hearing of the measures the government officers were adopting, moved off to another place; this was partly for their own safety, and partly to save their friends from being harassed and punished for not fulfilling their promise of apprehending them. After the troops retired from the jungles, the Kolis recommenced their operations. Several seasons were passed in this way; however when [[Javji Bamble]] was appointed as [[Koli clans and titles#Koli Mansabdar|Mansabdar]] of [[Rajur]] he was ordered by Peshwa to prevent the rebellious activities by rebels. Kolis did not wish to fight with Bumble because he was also a Koli by caste.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hardiman|first=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ|title=Histories for the Subordinated|publisher=[[Seagull Books]]|year=2007|isbn=978-1-905422-38-8|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=104|language=en}}</ref> Kolis remained quiet for of four years but Kolis went again to the jungles because his hereditary rights have not been fulfilled. The troops employed against the Shelkande Kolis and again forced them to disperse and the chiefs went to [[Aurangabad]]. Kolis had taken an oath that they would cut off the head of Patil of Otur, unless Peshwa afforded them redress. [[Nana Fadnavis|Nana Phadnavis]] who was minister in [[Maratha Empire]] declared that he would not pardon the Kolis again, as they were such a turbulent race and as no faith could be reposed in them. Nana Fadnavis detached few [[Brahmin]]s disguised as [[Gusainji|Gusai]], who gained information of the hiding place of Kolis and a detachment that marched to apprehend them was so fortunate as to bring them all prisoners to [[Junnar]], where the five Kolis were executed. Balwantrao, brother-in-law to Nana Fadnavis, was [[subedar]] of the district at the time, and it is asserted Balwantrao became very unhappy after the execution of these kolis. Therefore, in the hope of reestablishing the happiness that he had enjoyed, he erected a temple near river in Junnar, in which was placed as the object of worship a Punah Lingh, or five stones representing the five Kolis who were executed.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pillai|first=S. Devadas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P3uD22Ghqs4C&q=mahadev+koli|title=Indian Sociology Through Ghurye, a Dictionary|publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=1997|isbn=978-81-7154-807-1|location=New Delhi, India|pages=207–210|language=en}}</ref> == See more == * [[Koli dance]] == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rebellion, Koli}} [[Category:Koli people]] === Bibliography === {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Campbell |first=James Macnabb |editor=[[James Macnabb Campbell]] |title=History of Gujarát |url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/54652/54652-h/54652-h.htm |series=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency |volume=I(II) |year=1896 |publisher=The Government Central Press |chapter=Chapter III. MUGHAL VICEROYS. (A.D. 1573–1758) |pages=278–283}} {{PD-notice}} {{refend}} sha5bz065nk2r771z5iu10ld88e3y1u 10367650 10367592 2025-07-02T13:05:11Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: Remove 1 notification (When checking links to [[Koli clans and titles]]) 10367650 wikitext text/x-wiki The [[Koli ethnic group|Koli]] is a [[ethnic group|ethnic group]] of [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] which is mostly found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian States]] of [[Gujarat]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Goa|Goa]] and [[Sindh]] [[Administrative units of Pakistan|province]] of [[Pakistan]]. Here are a series of [[Revolution|revolts]] of [[Koli ethnic group|koli ethnic group]] in inhabited areas. [[File:Jhalkari Bai statue Agra, Uttar Pradesh.jpg|thumb|Statue of [[Jhalkaribai Koli]] who led the [[Indian independence movement]] in [[Bundelkhand]] region of [[Uttar Pradesh]] in 1857]] [[File:Statue of Naik Raghoji Rao Bhangre in Akola, Maharashtra.jpg|thumb|Statue of [[Raghoji Bhangre|Raghoji Bhangare]] who challenged the [[British Raj]] in [[Maharashtra]]]] == British Indian Empire == === Kheda of Gujarat === At the beginning of the nineteenth century, [[Koli Patel|Kolis]] posed a serious "law and order" problem for the new government of [[East India Company]], [[British Raj|British]] officials to declare that [[Koli clans of Gujarat|Kolis]] are one of the most "turbulent, predatory tribes in India". Many Kolis resided in villages outside the EIC's territorial jurisdiction but viewed the imposition of new legislation and colonization in the territory as a direct challenge to established local customs.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Chaturvedi|first=Vinayak|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MzPlZSOjCpsC&q=Dharala+Koli|title=Peasant Pasts: History and Memory in Western India|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|year=2007|isbn=978-0-520-25076-5|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]n|pages=30–33|language=en}}</ref> [[Koli rebellion against Maratha empire|Koli]] [[Tribal chief|chieftains]] and their peasant supporters were threatened by the British government settling the agricultural plains and establishing new modes of governance in the area. In protest, some [[Koli Zamidar|Koli zamidars]] filed petitions in the Court (Adalat) in [[Kheda]], stating that, according to local custom, the government had no authority over Kolis. Other chieftains simply ignored the authority of the EIC and organized peasant raids into towns and villages in [[British Raj|British]] territory, claiming a customary right to plunder villages as a form of their own tax collection, or a levy called giras. The district magistrate responded by stating such actions were "evil" and perpetuated by Koli chieftains.<ref name=":2" /> By 1808, Koli chieftains had begun organizing raids into towns and villages in the territory controlled by the EIC, to steal crops and other possessions. The town of [[Dholka]] and its neighboring villages became favorite targets. Dholka was in the northern borderlands of British territory, adjacent to land controlled by the chieftains. Groups of armed kolis, numbering between fifty and a hundred Kolis, easily entered Dholka and returned to their respective villages without difficulty. British officials lacked the manpower and local knowledge of the terrain to capture these men. However, there were instances when a chieftain was arrested and jailed for leading attacks on Dholka, as in the case of Bachur Khokani. On 20 February 1808, within a few days of Khokani's capture, a group of fifty Kolis stormed the jail and released their leader. Policemen were killed and six were wounded in the battle, and apparently, on the very same night, Khokani and his men organized another raid on the town.<ref name=":2" /> In an attempt to prevent further raids on Dholka, Kheda's magistrate, R. Holford, coordinated a plan that required local elites within the EIC's control to capture the raiders. Holford recognized the limitations of the EIC's power to arrest individuals residing outside its control, but he believed that British officials could force the elites who had villages within their legal jurisdiction to cooperate. The outcome of the official strategy had some success: in 1810, large numbers of Kolis had been arrested and convicted of crimes against the East India Company. Judge H. W. Diggle recommended that the prisoners to be transported to the British colony the [[Penang|Prince of Wales Island]] (for merly called [[Penang]]), or to a distant jail, for a minimum of seven years. It was argued that such an extreme measure would "overawe" and "check the daring and ferocious nature" of Kolis while simultaneously serving as a deterrent for others. However, as in the case of Bachur Khokani, a group of four hundred to five hundred armed men descended upon the jail at Kheda and released the imprisoned Kolis. Most of the prisoners dispersed into areas outside of British jurisdiction and were saved just days before being transported to the Prince of Wales Island. The raids continued in Dholka, and colonial officials urged the EIC to increase the size of the police force in Kheda. In addition, officials requested the support of soldiers from neighboring [[Baroda State]], who were supposed to have local intelligence networks in the border lands that could be used for recapturing the convicted Kolis and their accomplices. But the outcome of using greater force had a minimal impact on what had developed into a serious law and order problem for the EIC. Colonial officials were not able to prevent Koli rebels. Earlier attempts to press chieftains to cooperate in preventing attacks on gov ernment towns and villages had had limited results.<ref name=":2" /> In 1824, A. Crawford, the district collector of neighboring [[Ahmedabad]], suggested that a new strategy be adopted, including forcibly taking the possessions of Koli chieftains suspected of participating in the attacks or simply having any information about them. In addition, Crawford introduced the idea of using the military to destroy villages where Koli chieftains were hiding. This strategy marked an important departure from the policy of not entering areas that lay outside the jurisdiction of the EIC with the intention of using military force to capture chieftains or other raiders. However, the idea of completely destroying villages as a way to create "future peaceable conduct" did not prevent Kolis from challenging the authority and legitimacy of the EIC, and certainly it did not eliminate the armed excursions into British-controlled territory. In fact, it further intensified the demands of those Kolis who had been claiming that their customs and privileges were being violated by colonial officials.<ref name=":2" /> The raids continued through the 1830s with some regularity. Crawford to British officials, "Some special regulations should be made about the Kolis. No measures of ordinary severity have any effect. We never hear of a reformed Koli, or of one whose mode of life places him beyond suspicion. All seem alike, rich and poor, those whose necessities afford them an excuse for crime and those whose condition places them out of the reach of distress, are alike ready on the first opportunity to plunder. But by the 1840s, the application of colonial policies and the use of military force led to the subsidence of Koli attacks in British-controlled territory. Officials argued that the character of all Kolis-chieftains and peasants had improved, as many kolis had taken up settled agriculture and become hardworking and peaceable. Despite this acknowledgment of the transformation among the Kolis, the early-nineteenth-century encounters continued to influence the implementation of official policies in the district. In begin of 1857 and 1858, the government imposed regulations restricting Kolis from carrying weapons in Kheda district but kolis again raised.<ref name=":2" /> === Khanpur of Gujarat === In July 1857, the [[Koli caste|Kolis]] of Maliwad clan in [[Khanpur, Gujarat|Khanpur]] of [[Lunavada State]] challenged the British rule under their leader Surajmal<ref>{{Cite book|last=Copland|first=Ian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PxFuAAAAMAAJ|title=The British Raj and the Indian Princes: Paramountcy in Western India, 1857-1930|publisher=[[Orient Longman]]|year=1982|isbn=978-0-86131-210-8|location=New Delhi, India|pages=90|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ddUgAAAAMAAJ|title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India|publisher=Usha Publications|year=1985|location=New Delhi, India|pages=819|language=en}}</ref> after death of surajmal, kolis again raised and attacked the British troops under new koli chieftain Jivabhai [[Thakor]] of Khanpur.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Yecurī|first=Sītārāma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k30MAQAAMAAJ|title=The Great Revolt, a Left Appraisal|publisher=[[People's Democracy (newspaper)|People's Democracy]]|year=2008|isbn=978-81-906218-0-9|location=New Delhi, India|pages=169|language=en}}</ref> In December 1857, [[Captain]] Buckle attacked the Khanpur and captured some of the rebels and rest escaped to nearby hills and forests. They gathered again and attacked the British troops with more vigour. Lt. Morey, [[Jemadar|Jamadar]] Nurmohmad, Sheikh Cheda and Emamuddin pursued the Kolis and killed some of them. Then the Kolis fled to the bushes and ravines of the river. The two kolis were shot by the order of Buckle but [[British Indian Army|British army]] also lost three horsemen. The koli prisoners of Khanpur were transported to life, while non-koli prisoners of Khanpur were released after they witnessed the execution of their koli [[Koli clans and titles|chieftain]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dharaiya|first=Ramanlal Kakalbhai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wps5AQAAIAAJ|title=Gujarat in 1857|publisher=[[Gujarat University]]|year=1970|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=32|language=en}}</ref> The Kolis paid a huge price for their resistance to [[British Raj|British]] rule. They were not only defeated in battle and punished for having dared to resist. but, in the aftermath, these communities were marginalized by the rest of society as outlaws. Being arms-bearing community, they too were disarmed in early 1858 and also forced to practise [[agriculture]]. A majority of kolis were unable to adapt the lifestyle and norms of settled agriculture and were forced to give way to agriculturalist communities like Kanbi or Patidar in the latter half of the nineteenth century.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Yagnik|first=Achyut|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FYDviPFeoSAC&q=Khanpur+Koli|title=Shaping Of Modern Gujarat|date=2005-08-24|publisher=[[Penguin UK]]|isbn=978-81-8475-185-7|location=New Delhi, India|language=en}}</ref> === Chandap of Gujarat === In September 1857, Kolis of [[Chandap]] (Chandup) raised against [[British Raj|British rule]] under [[Koli caste|Koli]] chieftain Nathaji who led the 2000 kolis of Angar, Dubbora and Pratabpur in Mahi Kantha.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Copland|first=Ian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PxFuAAAAMAAJ|title=The British Raj and the Indian Princes: Paramountcy in Western India, 1857-1930|publisher=[[Orient Longman]]|year=1982|isbn=978-0-86131-210-8|location=New Delhi, India|pages=90|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Saṅghavī|first=Nagīnadāsa Purushottamadāsa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zDRwAAAAMAAJ|title=Gujarat: A Political Analysis|publisher=Centre for Social Studies|year=1995|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=108|language=en}}</ref> the Nathaji and Yamaji was Koli brothers, rulers of Chandap and were tributary to Gaikwad of Baroda and [[Rao (title)|Rao]] of [[Idar State|Idar]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rajyagor|first=S. B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-0pAAAAAMAAJ|title=History of Gujarat|publisher=S. Chand|year=1982|location=New Delhi, India|pages=422|language=en}}</ref> On 16 September 1857, the [[Maharaja]] [[Gaekwad dynasty|Gaekwad]] of [[Baroda State]] issued a proclamation not to rise to the people of [[Chandap]] under the [[Mahi Kantha Agency|Mahikantha agency]] and posted the 10 horsemen but Nathaji resisted the posting of horsemen so the kolis assembled together instant and attacked the Thana of that place in which a [[sowar]] of the Gaekwad Government was killed and two wounded and property plundered.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lobo|first=Lancy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ|title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region|publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation|year=1995|isbn=978-81-7075-035-2|location=New Delhi, India|pages=109|language=en}}</ref> The rising of Kolis affected the law and order situation in [[Vijapur]], [[Kheralu]] and [[Vadnagar]] Taluqas of [[Vadodara|Baroda]]. At the end of year, koli rebellion was crushed by the combined forces of Baroda State and British troops who destroyed the Chandap village. The kolis with stiff attitude under Nathaji continued their resistance from the hills.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dharaiya|first=Ramanlal Kakalbhai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wps5AQAAIAAJ|title=Gujarat in 1857|publisher=[[Gujarat University]]|year=1970|location=New Delhi, India|pages=38–40|language=en}}</ref> === Peth or Peint of Maharashtra === In December 1857, [[Nashik district|Nashik]] [[List of districts of Maharashtra|district]] was effected by the [[Indian independence movement]] and the Peint [[Jagir]] became centre of [[Rebellion|rebellious]] activities. The rebel [[Koli caste|Kolis]] plundered the [[Harsol]] market on the sixth of December and captured the Mamlatdar. From there they attacked Peint where Koli rebels numbering about 2,000 captured the [[Lieutenant]] Glasspool and his 30 officers. The Koli [[Raja]] Bhagvantrao was suspected and arrested by British government. He was also a "correspondent" of [[Nanasaheb]] [[Peshwa]]. After a trial, koli king and fifteen officials were sentenced and hanged on 28 December 1857. In response, the kolis attacked at the court in Peint and then went to the Raja to pay their respects to him. Kolis plundered the treasury of [[Dharampur State]], a comrade state of [[British Raj|British]] rule. The [[Thane]] police then seized two of the leading men in the gang who plundered the treasury in the Dharampoor Raja's territory. there was resistance and one of the policemen was shot by an arrow through the chest and one of the insurgents received a bayonet-wound in the stomach. British official Mr. Boswell started disarming the kolis and suggested that a strong party of police be posted at Peint to guard the treasury and prevent the further disturbances. Later it came out that the rising of the Kolis was planned five or six weeks ago by the late Raja and the [[Dewan]] of Peint and the [[Rani]] who lived in Nashik. Kolis disliked the [[Disarming Act]] and resisted the government. On the hearing that the troops were approaching to peint, kolis withdrew to the jungle in the neighbourhood. On Thursday, the Lieutenant Glasspool arrived with troops and started operations against the insurgents. But his troops being too weak to go out and attack the Kolis in the jungle and at the same time to defend the court and the town, Lieutenant Glasspool could not take any step for nearly a week. But the glasspool was joined by [[Captain]] Nuttall's forces coming from [[Trimbak]]. On the arrival of this new force, Kolis retreated to the south. They played hide and seek for a few days. Occasional fights took place. the Kolis lacked of weapons so they dispersed and hid themselves in different villages. They were gradually traced out and caught. Many of them had migrated to the State of Dharampur where the Raja's forces caught them and handed them over to the Government officials. All the insurgents having been apprehended the rising was ultimately put down. The property of the late Raja was ordered to be annexed in British India and the revenue of his villages was ordered to be collected for Government.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Divekar|first=V. D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XZNuAAAAMAAJ|title=South India in 1857 War of Independence|publisher=Lokmanya Tilak Smarak Trust|year=1993|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=221–225|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sircar|first=Pronob Kumar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZflNEAAAQBAJ&dq=Penth+Kolis&pg=PT106|title=History Of The Andaman Islands: Unsung Heroes and Untold Stories|date=2021-11-09|publisher=[[Notion Press]]|isbn=978-1-63997-605-8|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|language=en}}</ref> === Surat of Gujarat === During the [[Quit India Movement]] of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] in 1942, A large number of 3,000 [[Koli people|Koli]] [[cultivator]]s from Matwad, Karadi, Machhad and Kothmadi in [[Surat]] [[List of districts of Gujarat|District]] fought against British soldiers at Matwad with lathis and dharias on 21 August 1942. In this fight, four persons including one policeman died. The kolis also snatched away four police muskets and two bayonets. Kolis smashed up the [[Jalalpore]] [[List of railway stations in India|Railway Station]], removed the Rails and burnt down the post office. After this, situation in the neighbouring villages of [[Borsad]], [[Anand, Gujarat|Anand]] and [[Thasra]] [[Tehsil|taluqas]] became so aggravated that British troops was marched through the villages between 22 and 24 August 1942.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Krishan|first=Shri|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7sOGAwAAQBAJ&q=Matwad+Koli|title=Political Mobilization and Identity in Western India, 1934-47|date=2005-04-07|publisher=SAGE Publications India|isbn=978-81-321-0208-3|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=226|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Hardiman|first=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ|title=Histories for the Subordinated|publisher=[[Seagull Books]]|year=2007|isbn=978-1-905422-38-8|location=New Delhi, India|pages=157|language=en}}</ref> == Mughal Empire == The reason behind the rebellion was the imposition of land tax ([[Jizya|Jaziya]]) by [[Aurangzeb]]. The Koli [[Zamindar|Zamidars]] had taken up arms against the Sultan Aurangzeb under the leadership of Khemirao Sarnaik, as well as with the sympathy of [[Shivaji]] as it was a great benefit to Shivaji.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Hardiman|first1=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EsfAQAAIAAJ|title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India|last2=Hardiman|first2=Professor of History David|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=1996|isbn=978-0-19-563956-8|location=[[New Delhi]], India|pages=211|language=en}}</ref> Khemrao assembled all the Koli [[Nayak (title)|naiks]] and promised that he would get rid of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] rule in a single rise.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Roy|first=Dr Shibani|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ|title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar|publisher=Cosmo Publications|year=1983|location=New Delhi, India|pages=30–236|language=en}}</ref> Aurangzeb sent the [[Mughal army]] from the hilly areas to suppress the Koli rebellion, but the battle was very fierce in which thousands of Kolis were killed and the Mughal soldiers also. The Koli rebellion shook Aurangzeb. Sarnaik applied for help from Shivaji but shivaji was unable to help kolis because of their political matters and sarnaik was refused. The Khemirao Sarnaik fighting in this battle was killed by mughal commander nerrulaa, but the Koli rebellion was so intense that Aurangzeb got compelled to think.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gāre|first=Govinda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L8NAAAAAMAAJ|title=Itihāsa ādivāsı̄ vı̄rāñcā|publisher=Ādima Sāhitya|year=1982|location=[[Maharashtra]], India|pages=45|language=mr}}</ref> after the rebellion was crushed, the kolis were treated with kindness by Aurangzeb and than kolis achieve the high reputation under [[Peshwa]] for their daring and taking hill forts such as [[Kanhoji Angre]] and [[Tanaji Malusare]].<ref name=":2" / === Mughal Gujarat === In 1535, When Humayun was [[List of governors of Gujarat|Governor of Gujarat]], he encamped near [[Cambay State|Cambay]] ([[Khambhat]]). Humayun and his army was robbed and plundered by [[Koli people|Kolis]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=Ghanshyam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHHaAAAAMAAJ |title=Caste Association and Political Process in Gujarat: A Study of Gujarat Kshatriya Sabha |date=1975 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=11: 1The Gazetteers and the Census describe Kolis as a tribe which entered Gujarat in the early 16th century. They came in groups and often looted villages and towns. In 1535, the camp of Moghul Emperor Humayun at Cambay was plundered by them. They attacked Mehmedabad, a town in Kaira district |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zePZAAAAMAAJ |title=Exploring India's Rural Past: A Gujarat Village in the Early Nineteenth Century |date=2002 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-565732-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=22: Throughout the period of Musum rule in Gujarat, the Kolis are frequently referred to as dacoits, robbers, marauders and pirates, and as having helped many political adventurers by joining their irregular armies. The Kolis plundered the camp of the Mughal emperor Humayun at Cambay, and gave considerable trouble to Aurangzeb when he was Governor of Gujarat ( Commissariat 1938 : 356-7 ) . It is clear from all this information that the Kolis |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Erskine |first=William |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PXzW-XS9TQMC&dq=Humayun+Koli&pg=PA61 |title=A History of India Under the Two First Sovereigns of the House of Taimur, Báber and Humáyun |date=2012-05-24 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-108-04620-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=61 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=The Kolis had even plundered the camp of the Moghul Emperor Humayun at Cambay ( Khambhat ) in 1535 |language=en}}</ref> In 1613, Jahangir issued a sanguinary order for the extirpation of the race of the [[Koli people|Kolis]] who were notorious robbers and plunders living in the most inaccessible parts of [[Gujarat]]. A large number of them Koli chiefs slaughtered and the rest hunted to their mountains and deserts. 169 heads of such Koli chiefs killed in battle by Nurulla Ibrahim, commander of 'Bollodo'.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hanif |first=N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CXH4RHYwkEsC |title=Islamic Concept of Crime and Justice: Political justice and crime |publisher=Sarup & Sons |year=1999 |isbn=978-81-7625-063-4 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=73–74 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert |first=Sir Thomas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=46NMAQAAMAAJ |title=Sir Thomas Herbert, Bart: Travels in Africa, Persia, and Asia the Great : Some Years Travels Into Africa and Asia the Great, Especially Describing the Famous Empires of Persia and Hindustan, as Also Divers Other Kingdoms in the Oriental Indies, 1627-30, the 1677 Version |publisher=ACMRS (Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies) |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-86698-475-1 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=180 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Koli people|Kolis]] of [[Gujarat]] were most rebellious under the rule of Shah Jahan. In 1622, Shah Jahan sent Raja Vikramjit who was Governor of Gujarat to subdue the Kolis of [[Ahmedabad]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Behera |first=Maguni Charan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rVS9DwAAQBAJ |title=Tribal Studies in India: Perspectives of History, Archaeology and Culture |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |year=2019 |isbn=978-981-329-026-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=46 |language=en}}</ref> Between 1632 and 1635, four viceroys were appointed due to they could not manage the Koli activities well. Kolis of [[Kankrej, Gujarat|Kankrej]] in [[North Gujarat]] committed excesses and the Jam of [[Nawanagar State|Nawanagar]] did not paid the tribute. Soon Azam Khan was appointed who put the province in order by subduing the Kolis. Azam Khan marched against Koli rebels, When Ázam Khán reached [[Siddhpur|Sidhpur]], the merchants complained bitterly of the outrages of one Kánji, a [[Chunvalia Koli|Chunvalia]] Koli, who had been especially daring in plundering merchandise and committing highway robberies. Ázam Khán, anxious to start with a show of vigour, before proceeding to Áhmedábád, marched against Kánji, who fled to the village of Bhádar near [[Kheralu]], sixty miles north-east of Áhmedábád. Ázam Khán pursued him so hotly that Kánji surrendered, handed over his plunder, and gave security not only that he would not again commit robberies, but that he would pay an annual tribute of Rupees 10,000. Ázam Khán then built two fortified posts in the Koli country, naming one Ázamábád after himself, and the other Khalílábád after his son and He also made the Jam of Nawanagar surrender.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|p=279}} The next viceroy Ísa Tarkhán carried out financial reforms. In 1644, the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] prince [[Aurangzeb]] was appointed as the viceroy who was engaged in religious disputes for destroying a [[Jainism|Jain]] temple in [[Ahmedabad]]. Due to his disputes, he was replaced by [[Shaista Khan]] who failed to subdue Kolis. So the prince [[Murad Bakhsh]] was appointed as the viceroy in 1654. He restored the disorder soon and defeated the Koli rebels.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashburner |first=Bhagvánlál Indraji (1839-1888) John Whaley Watson (1838–1889) Jervoise Athelstane Baines (1847–1925) L. R. |title=History of Gujarát |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/54652/54652-h/54652-h.htm |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=www.gutenberg.org |pages=278–283 |language=en}}</ref> In 1719, Kolis of [[Mahi River]] were most rebellious against Mughal rule and plundering the villages, Mihir Ali Khan who was acting as Viceroy of Gujarat at the place of [[Ajit Singh of Marwar]], marched against Koli rebels of [[Mahi Kantha Agency|Mahi]] who were committing piracy against muslims and subdued them.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashburner |first=Bhagvánlál Indraji (1839-1888) John Whaley Watson (1838–1889) Jervoise Athelstane Baines (1847–1925) L. R. |title=History of Gujarát |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/54652/54652-h/54652-h.htm |access-date=2022-10-17 |website=www.gutenberg.org |language=en}}</ref> In 1721, Kasim Ali Khan who was an officer in Mughal Empire under Muuhammad Shah employed against the Kolis of Kheda district to collect the fine but they refused to pay and there was a battle in Pethapur between Kolis and Mughal army under Kasim Ali Khan. Kasim Ali Khan was killed by Kolis and Mughal army was defeated and retreat to base.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|p=303}} In 1722, Muhammad Bahadur, son of Salabat Khan Babi, was placed in charge of Sadra and Virpur, with the title of Sher Khan. Shortly after his arrival the viceroy marched against and subdued the rebellious Kolis of the Chunval but was wounded deeply. After that Kolis of Modhera opposed the Muhammad Shah but Modhera village was burnt down.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=304}} In 1729, Mughal Viceroy of Sultan Muhammad Shah faced the challenge of anti-muslim activities of Kolis of Sorath, viceroy marches against Kolis of sorath and destroying them taken to Ahmednagar.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=310}} after this, Jawan Mard Khan Babi who was Governor of Petlad ordered against rebellious Kolis of Balor, probably Bhátod about fifteen miles east of Bharuch, but Jawan Marad Khan was killed by a man of Koli tribe, and in revenge for his death the town of Balor was plundered. On the death of Jawán Mard Khan, at the request of Salabat Muhammad Khan Babi, his eldest son Kamal-ud-din Khan Babi received the districts of Sami and Munjpur and the title of Jawan Mard Khan.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=310 - 311}} In 1738, Sher Khan Babi was of Junagadh was appointed as governor of sorath, Babi was obliged to march against a Koli chieftain Kanji Chunvalia of Chhaniar in Chunval because Kanji opposed and resisted the mughal authority but Sher Khan Babi was bravely resisted by Kolis so Momin Khan was called with large force and Chhaniar was burned down by mughal army.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=322 - 323}} In 1739, Koli chieftan Jamaji of Thara, raised the Kolis of Kankrej against sultan and continually plundered the mughal territory. Jawan Marad Khan was ordered to march against the Koli chieftain but he was unable to maintain order so he requested the Fida-ud-din Khan to subdue the Kolis. After defeating the Koli chieftain, the Koli country was plundered by mughal troops.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=323}} In 1740, Kolis of Atarsumba, challenged the Mughal authority and refused to pay any form of tax to mughal sultan. Jawan marad khan along with his brother Zorawar Khan Babi Marched against Kolis of Atarsumba but they were strongly resisted and there was a battle but mughals defeated the Kolis and make them to pay tax. But it was not for long time, after some time, Kolis again refused to pay tax and mughal troops were sent under Abdul Hussain Khan and Vajeram burnt the three Koli villages.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=323 - 324}} In 1747, Rangoji a Maratha military leader returned to Áhmedábád, and Jawán Mard Khán had an interview with him a few miles from the city. Shortly after this the Kolis of Mehmudabad and Mahudha rebelled, but the revolt was speedily crushed by Sháhbáz Rohilla.{{sfn|Campbell|1896|pp=331}} == Maratha Empire == In 1760, the peace of Peshwa government was broken by a rising of [[Koli caste|Kolis]] under their Naik [[Javji Bamble]]. Javji with drew to the hills and organised a series of gang robberies, causing widespread terror and misery throughout the country. For twenty years he held out bravely, defeating and killing the generals the Peshwa's Government sent against him. At last he was so hotly pursued that, on the advice of Dhondo Gopal, the Peshwa's governor at [[Nashik|Nasik]], he surrendered all his forts to [[Tukoji Rao Holkar|Tukoji Holkar]] and, through [[Holkar|Holkar's]] influence, was pardoned and placed in military and police charge of a district of sixty villages with powers of life and death outlaws. In 1798, a fresh disturbance took place among the Kolis. The leader of this outbreak was Ramji Naik Bhangria, who was an abler and more daring man than his prede cessors, and succeeded in baffling all the efforts of the Government officers to seize him. As force seemed hopeless, the Government offered Ramji a pardon and gave him an important police post.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hassan|first=Syed Siraj ul|url=|title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the [[Nizam]]'s Dominions|publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]]|year=1989|isbn=978-81-206-0488-9|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=333|language=en}}</ref> In 1763, the [[Peshwa]] [[Raghunath Rao|Raghunathrao]] had appointed Abha [[Purandare]] who was an anti koli as [[Sarnaik]], due to which the [[Koli clans and titles#Chivhe Kolis|Chivhe]] [[Koli caste|Kolis]] revolted against the Peshwa and captured [[Purandar Fort|Purandar]] and [[Sinhagad]] [[Forts in India|forts]] because the Kolis did not like Abha Purandare, so Abha removed the Kolis from the fortification and posted new Kiledars, due to which the Kolis attacked and captured the forts on 7 May 1764. Five days later, Rudramal fort was also captured and presented a challenge to the [[Prime Minister]] of the [[Maratha Empire]], Peshwa Raghunathrao.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Guha|first=Sumit|url=https://archive.org/details/historycollectiv0000sumi|title=History and Collective Memory in South Asia, 1200–2000|date=2019-11-01|publisher=[[University of Washington Press]]|isbn=978-0-295-74623-4|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historycollectiv0000sumi/page/n208 191]|language=en}}</ref> A few days later the Peshwa came to the fort to worship the deity inside the Purandar fort but the Peshwa got caught up by the Kolis. The Kolis looted all the belongings and weapons of the Peshwa and took him prisoner but released after some time. After this the Kolis started collecting revenue from the surrounding area. After this, the chief of the Kolis, Kondaji Chivhe, sent a letter to the Peshwa, in which it was written 'What now sir, what is the condition, how is the government doing, be in fun'. After reading this letter, the Peshwa felt a bit humiliated and in a fit of rage ordered the [[Maratha Army|Maratha army]] to attack but the army could not do anything because the Kolis himselves were [[Subedar]] and had fortified the forts well and the Peshwa faced failure. the humiliated Peshwa started taking the Kolis of Chivhe clan as captive. All those Chivhe kolis who were living in the territory of Peshwa were declared as rebels and started making captives. After this the Chivhe Kolis sent a letter to [[Madhavrao I|Madhavrao]] and explained whole matter, after this the Kolis handed over the forts to Madhavrao and the Chivahe Kolis were again handed over the fortifications.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Guha|first1=Sumit|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GSa5blriOYcC&dq=chivhe&pg=PA90|title=Environment and Ethnicity in India, 1200-1991|last2=Guha|first2=Lecturer Sumit|date=1999-07-15|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-64078-7|location=New Delhi, India|pages=83–105|language=en}}</ref> In the year 1776, a large number of the [[Shilkande Kolis|Shelkande]] [[Koli caste|Kolis]] of [[Otur, Maharashtra|Otur]] village, raised against [[Peshwa]] because of their hereditary land rights and as the Peshwa refused to do them. Kolis assembled a revolutionary army of Shelkande and Kokate Kolis and commenced plundering the surrounding villages and doing other violent activities in the hope of obtaining redress.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gāre|first=Govinda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vZciAAAAMAAJ|title=Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis|publisher=Shubhada Saraswat Publications|year=1976|location=New Delhi, India|pages=26|language=en}}</ref> In response, The Peshwa sent [[Maratha Army|Maratha]] troops from [[Pune]] against rebel kolis and surprised them, killed and wounded many of them. The Koli leaders were consequently forced to disperse the [[Koli rebellion against Maratha empire|rebels]]. The government officers learned that Sattu Shelkande, chief of the insurgents, was hiding in the neighboring [[jungle]]. The better to ensure this, they obliged him to enter into the Sunkli zamin or chain security (one [[Koli clans and titles#Koli Patil|Patil]] going security for two or three cultivators, another Patil for five or six poorer Patils, and a [[Deshmukh (Koli title)|Deshmukh]] for a number of the Patils). Hearing of the measures the government officers were adopting, moved off to another place; this was partly for their own safety, and partly to save their friends from being harassed and punished for not fulfilling their promise of apprehending them. After the troops retired from the jungles, the Kolis recommenced their operations. Several seasons were passed in this way; however when [[Javji Bamble]] was appointed as [[Koli clans and titles#Koli Mansabdar|Mansabdar]] of [[Rajur]] he was ordered by Peshwa to prevent the rebellious activities by rebels. Kolis did not wish to fight with Bumble because he was also a Koli by caste.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hardiman|first=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ|title=Histories for the Subordinated|publisher=[[Seagull Books]]|year=2007|isbn=978-1-905422-38-8|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=104|language=en}}</ref> Kolis remained quiet for of four years but Kolis went again to the jungles because his hereditary rights have not been fulfilled. The troops employed against the Shelkande Kolis and again forced them to disperse and the chiefs went to [[Aurangabad]]. Kolis had taken an oath that they would cut off the head of Patil of Otur, unless Peshwa afforded them redress. [[Nana Fadnavis|Nana Phadnavis]] who was minister in [[Maratha Empire]] declared that he would not pardon the Kolis again, as they were such a turbulent race and as no faith could be reposed in them. Nana Fadnavis detached few [[Brahmin]]s disguised as [[Gusainji|Gusai]], who gained information of the hiding place of Kolis and a detachment that marched to apprehend them was so fortunate as to bring them all prisoners to [[Junnar]], where the five Kolis were executed. Balwantrao, brother-in-law to Nana Fadnavis, was [[subedar]] of the district at the time, and it is asserted Balwantrao became very unhappy after the execution of these kolis. Therefore, in the hope of reestablishing the happiness that he had enjoyed, he erected a temple near river in Junnar, in which was placed as the object of worship a Punah Lingh, or five stones representing the five Kolis who were executed.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pillai|first=S. Devadas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P3uD22Ghqs4C&q=mahadev+koli|title=Indian Sociology Through Ghurye, a Dictionary|publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=1997|isbn=978-81-7154-807-1|location=New Delhi, India|pages=207–210|language=en}}</ref> == See more == * [[Koli dance]] == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rebellion, Koli}} [[Category:Koli people]] === Bibliography === {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Campbell |first=James Macnabb |editor=[[James Macnabb Campbell]] |title=History of Gujarát |url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/54652/54652-h/54652-h.htm |series=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency |volume=I(II) |year=1896 |publisher=The Government Central Press |chapter=Chapter III. MUGHAL VICEROYS. (A.D. 1573–1758) |pages=278–283}} {{PD-notice}} {{refend}} rrv1tvovm2woofooczbi4reoxxy2v3g 0 1116250 10367649 10367486 2025-07-02T13:04:24Z Barras 40117 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/103.240.170.83|103.240.170.83]] ([[User talk:103.240.170.83|talk]]) to last version by 103.249.234.126 10360995 wikitext text/x-wiki The Koli are an indigenous ethnic community of Maharashtra India with a long-standing presence primarily in the states of Maharashtra, Gujarat and Goa. Traditionally known for their roles in maritime, agrarian, forest, and military sectors, the Kolis are historically significant for their contributions to regional kingdoms, trade, and defense. They are ethnically diverse and distinct from the modern caste-based classifications often applied to them. {{Infobox tribe|name=Koli|local name=कोळी|type=Ethnic group of Maharashtra|image=File:A Koli Chieftain.jpg|caption=A [[Portrait]] of the Koli [[chieftain|Chieftain]] of [[Dahewan]] jagir in Gujarat by James Forbes, 1813.|ethnicity=Koli ethnic group|location=*[[Gujarat]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Daman and Diu]], [[Goa]], [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] of India *[[Sindh]] province of [[Pakistan]]|varna=Ethnic group|population=*Origin from Maharashtra also known as (original mumbaikars). *After partition and migration they also found in Gujarat and Goa.|demonym=Koli ethnic|branches=Ethnic group|language=*[[Koli language]] *[[English]] *[[Marathi]] *[[Gujarati]]|religion=*[[Hinduism]] *[[Christianity]] *[[Islam]]|surnames=*Generally carry "Koli" surname but also have variety.}} Kolis are mentioned in ancient and medieval texts, often associated with forest regions, coastal trade, and warrior clans. During the Maratha Empire, many Kolis served as soldiers, commanders, and fort guardians. Notable figures include: Tanaji Malusare, a Koli warrior who led the successful assault on Sinhagad Fort under Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. Suryaji Malusare, his brother, who continued the military legacy. Ruling dynasties of Jawhar State (Mukne Koli), Surgana State (Pawar Koli), Koli-led principalities that maintained semi-independence during Maratha and British periods. == History == The Patidars of [[Central Gujarat|Central]] and North Gujarat were agricultural labour on the lands of Koli [[Landlord|landlords]] or Koli [[Tribal chief|chieftains]] but after [[Indian independence movement|Independence of India]], Patidars enchraoched the lands of Kolis through land ceiling act of Independent [[India]] and reduced the Kolis in social status.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Franco |first=Fernando |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ueRtAAAAMAAJ |title=Pain and Awakening: The Dynamics of Dalit Identity in Bihar, Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh |date=2002 |publisher=Indian Social Institute |isbn=978-81-87218-46-3 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=252 |language=en}}</ref> after that, Kolis thought that they ruled the area but have no rights, so Kolis often plunders the Patidar villages in midnight in gangs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lzWFAAAAIAAJ |title=Peasant Nationalists of Gujarat: Kheda District, 1917-1934 |date=1981 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-561255-4 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=45 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Rajput|Rajputs]] of Gujarat strongly allied with Kolis because Rajputs also were against Patidars because of their land rights.<ref>{{Cite book |last=DA COSTA |first=DIA |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/j.ctt1ws7wgk |title=Politicizing Creative Economy: Activism and a Hunger Called Theater |date=2016 |publisher=University of Illinois Press |isbn=978-0-252-04060-3 |jstor=10.5406/j.ctt1ws7wgk }}</ref> In central and north Gujarat, the Kolis had several battles with the Patidars on the issue of land tenancy, land rights and use of common village resources. It may be mentioned here that in order to win the elections in 1962 and 1967 the [[Swatantra Party|Gujarat Swatantra Party]], dominated by the Patidars, won over some of the Koli leaders of the '''Gujarat Kshatriya Sabha''' and Sabha was dominated by Kolis of North Gujarat . The Party evolved a strategy referred to by the acronym PKASH; that is the 'party of Patidars and Koli Kshatriyas.' Party nominated a large number of the Kolis as party candidates and also gave them positions within the party organization. But that alliance did not last. The party and the Kshatriya Sabha's Koli leaders could not resolve ground-level conflicts between the Koli peasants and well Patidar peasants.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wood |first=John R. |date=2008 |title=Review of India's 2004 Elections: Grass-Roots and National Perspectives |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40377511 |journal=Pacific Affairs |volume=81 |issue=1 |pages=138–140 |jstor=40377511 |issn=0030-851X}}</ref> The grievances of Patidar were resolved by '''Gujarat Kshatriya Sabha''' by several time meetings but it was not enough because Kolis were double in number of population if Gujarat and Patidars often targeted by influenced Kolis.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bardhan |first1=Pranab |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7zv3bg |title=India's Democracy: An Analysis of Changing State-Society Relations |last2=Brass |first2=Paul R. |last3=Cohen |first3=Stephen P. |last4=Gupta |first4=Jyotirindra Das |last5=Frankel |first5=Francine R. |last6=Hart |first6=Henry C. |last7=Manor |first7=James |last8=Shah |first8=Ghanshyam |last9=Lewis |first9=John P. |date=1988 |publisher=Princeton University Press|jstor=j.ctt7zv3bg }}</ref> most of the Patidar's children were engaged in collage study but Kolis not and it was a big beneficial point of Patidars.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/351633 |title=Education and the disprivileged: nineteenth and twentieth century India |date=2002 |publisher=Orient Longman |isbn=978-81-250-2192-6 |editor-last=Bhattacharya |editor-first=Sabyasachi |location=Hyderabad, India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Mehta |first1=Haroobhai |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zJE6AAAAMAAJ |title=Dynamics of Reservation Policy |last2=Patel |first2=Hasmukh |date=1985 |publisher=Patriot Publishers |isbn=978-0-8364-1818-7 |pages=119 |language=en}}</ref> Some of the Bhil chief's of early [[Middle Ages|medieval]] [[Ahmedabad]] claim the status of Kolis in the medieval period. The Kolis of [[Gujarat]] being a part of the [[Agriculture|agricultural]] population, the Kolis might have included some other social groups claiming agriculturist status. The Kolis were not good cultivators in the medieval period and are not described as an economically homogeneous caste at the end of the nineteenth century. The character of the Kolis, as agriculturists, varies much in different parts of the Gujarat. Crimes of violence are occasionally committed among Kolis they were known as outlaw. but, as a [[warrior]] caste, they have settled down in the position of peaceful husbandmen marked contrast to their lawless practices fifty years ago. The Kolis of medieval Gujarat too figure in medieval source more as lawless elements than as peaceful producers. [[Raja]] Vikramajit, [[Shah Jahan|Shahjahan]]'s governor of Gujarat, had to conduct an expedition in 1622 against [[Jagir|Jagirdar]] Kolis in north of Ahmedabad who had been for generations a terror to travellers. Between 1662 and 1668, a [[Baloch people|Baluchi]] adventurer impersonating the late Dara Shikoh successfully gathered around himself a large number of the Kolis of Viramgam and Chunwal. The [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] commander Mohabat Khan had to march out to drive him away and take control of the Kolis. Records of the [[East India Company]] mention that the Ahmedabad route to [[Surat]] was particularly dangerous because of the constant irruption of brigands, robbers, piracy and [[Highwayman|highwaymen]] Kolis. In fact, in 1644, some Kolis attacked a [[Caravanserai|caravan]] between Ahmedabad and Broach, Kolis armed with bows and arrows and muskets attacked Fidauddin Khan's forces in the mid-eighteenth century; the Kolis also launched [[Guerrilla warfare|guerrilla]] attacks on Gaikwad forces. But it is significant that the eighteenth-century Kolis of Gujarat refused to accept the Bhils as a Koli, Alexander K. Forbes, writing on the Kolis and the Bhils of Mahikantha in the period of the Gaikwads, mentions that tribal bhils were trying to be in Koli status. The above point indicates that the status of "Koli' had become a respectable one for those tribal groups in Gujarat who sought to distinguish themselves from the larger mass of their kinsmen. The Kolis seem to have attained an important socio political status by the fourteenth century, at least on Konkan coast in [[Maharashtra]]. A Koli kingdom is known to have been founded by Jayba Popera in North Konkan in 1342. The chief of the celebrated Janjira fort was a Koli named Ram Patil in the time of [[Shivaji]], Kolis had served the Maratha army under their Koli commanders Yesaji Kank and Tanaji Malusare since the time of Shivaji and exercised considerable control over the [[Konkan|Konkan coast]]. The Bahmanis conferred the rank of [[Sardar]] on Koli chiefs who held charge of hill tracts. In contrast, we have noted that the Kolis of Gujarat were mostly perceived as a ''predatory tribe''. From the way they are described in the literature of the medieval period and in travellers accounts, we suspect that some descendants of medieval Bhil chiefs, particularly those of Ahmedabad, could have claimed the status of Koli.<ref>{{Cite book |last=[[Behera (surname)|Behera]] |first=Maguni Charan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rVS9DwAAQBAJ&q=Patil+Koli |title=Tribal Studies in India: Perspectives of History, Archaeology and Culture |date=2019-11-09 |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |year=2019 |isbn=978-981-329-026-6 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=46 |language=en}}</ref> == Koli clans and titles == {{Main|Koli clans and titles}} == Koli pirates == A largest number of Kolis lives in [[Gujarat]] and Kathiawar of Gujarat has always been famous for its Koli [[Piracy]]. In times of unsettled [[British Raj|British]] government, the coasts of Kathiawar have swarmed with Koli pirates, who, from the shelter of every creek and [[headland]], took toll on all merchandise Ships that was carried on the [[Arabian Sea]]. Along the southern coast the leading pirates were Shial Koli, Baria Kolis, while, in the [[Gulf of Kutch|Gulf of Cutch]] and near [[Dwarka]] and Porbandar, from an early date, Other Kolis made their names a terror to [[Merchant|merchants]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tambs-Lyche |first=Harald |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ntuAAAAMAAJ |title=Power, Profit, and Poetry: Traditional Society in Kathiawar, Western India |date=1996-12-31 |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-7304-176-1 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=134–136 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Barendse |first=Rene J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=inClDAAAQBAJ&q=Kathiawar+Koli+Pirate |title=The Arabian Seas: The Indian Ocean World of the Seventeenth Century: The Indian Ocean World of the Seventeenth Century |date=2016-07-08 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-317-45836-4 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=355–357 |language=en}}</ref> === Ghogha and Piram Islands === In 1326, Ghogha and Piram Islands of [[Gujarat]] was stronghold of Koli pirates and they often lavied or attacked the ships of traders passed by nearby sea. But Koli pirates were defeated by the Mokhadaji. Later in 1340, Mokhadaji was defeated by Sultan Mohammad Bin Tughluq of Delhi Sultanate and Koli pirates raised again and captured a English ship named ”’Morning Star”’ of big cost and loaded with cargo.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singhji |first=Virbhadra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NYK7ZSpPzkUC&q=Ghogha+Koli |title=The Rajputs of Saurashtra |date=1994 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7154-546-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=39 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Pfeffer |first1=Georg |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NEBLAAAAYAAJ |title=Contemporary Society: Concept of tribal society |last2=Behera |first2=Deepak Kumar |date=1997 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7022-640-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=199 |language=en}}</ref> === Shial bet Island === In 1531, Koli [[Piracy|pirates]] of Shial island of South coast of Kathiawar in [[Gujarat]] captured the Shial [[island]] from Portuguese India and defeated the Portuguese Indian Navy. After that Chanch also became the [[stronghold]] of Koli pirates.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Campbell |first=James M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FAXGpcEdbfUC |title=Hindu Castes and Tribes of Gujurat |date=1988 |publisher=[[Vintage Books]] |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=245 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilberforce-Bell |first=Harold |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JmZDAAAAYAAJ |title=The History of Kathiawad from the Earliest Times |date=1980 |publisher=Ajay Book Service |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=48 |language=en}}</ref> === Sultanpur === In 1734, The Kolis infested the Coastle of [[Gujarat]]. from their stronghold at Sultanpur, on the river Kurla in Kathiawar, they gave much trouble [[British Raj|British]] ships. They were egged on to continue their infamous activities owing to the patronage extended to them by some wealthy Kolis who shared their plunder. The British government despatched British Indian Navy under captain Radford Nunn and captain Daniel Inchbird and he captured 5 of their armed vessels and burnt 14 more. To save others from a similar fate, Nunn burnt nearly 50 small ships of Koli pirates. About six months later, 10 more of their boats were set on fire and these measures silenced them for some time. A letter from the Bombay Castle diary, dated Sunday, the 21st January, 1739, reveals that the Kolis had captured several vessels among which was the ”’Tiger Gallivet”’ (returning from [[Persia]]) in whose seizure the Kolis were chief pirates. A few years later in 1749, their renewed activities came to light once more, when they captured a ”’Bengal Ship”’ carrying rupees 60,000 cash and a [[Cargo]] worth an equivalent amount. To combat against Koli pirates, the Dutch India, joining hands with the [[British Raj|British India]] in [[Surat]]. in December, 1750, both navy forced illegal activites of Koli pirates on the Kurla river. In this campaign, 23 of vessels were captured and this attack again compelled the Kolis to be inactive for a longer period.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Saletore |first=Rajaram Narayan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1PVMMoChwY4C&q=koli+Pirate |title=Indian Pirates |date=1978 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=80–88 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sorabshah |first=Manekshah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KURuAAAAMAAJ |title=A History of Gujarat: Including a Survey of Its Chief Architectural Monuments and Inscriptions |date=1980 |publisher=[[Longmans]], Green & Company Limited |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=685 |language=en}}</ref> === Talaja === The Talaja coast In Bhavnagar State was infested by the Koli pirates of Kathiawad of Gujarat. They captured the trading ships of [[British people|Britishers]] and Bhavnagar State. The British Navy with the help of Bhavnagar ruler Akherajji attacked and defeated the Koli pirates in 1771. But after death of Akherajji, Kolis again started collecting the tax from ships and captured two British and one Bhavnagar ship. In 1807, Wakhatsinji Akherajji Gohil join hands with [[British Raj|British]] government to suppress the Koli [[piracy]] under ”’Walker Settlement”’ treaty for peace in Saurashtra ocean and again defeated the Koli pirates and congrats by [[Bombay Presidency|Bombay government]] for his dare against Kolis.<ref>{{Cite book |last=India) |first=Oriental Institute (Vadodara |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NookXlAb2koC |title=Journal of the Oriental Institute, M.S. University of Barida, Baroda |date=1987 |publisher=[[Oriental Institute]], Maharajah Sayajirao Gaekwad University |location=New Delhi, India |pages=157 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bhadani |first1=B. L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JExuAAAAMAAJ |title=Facets of a Marwar Historian: Aspects of India's Social and Economic History : a Volume in Honour of Shri Govind Ag[a]rwal |last2=Tripathi |first2=Dwijendra |date=1996 |publisher=Publication Scheme |isbn=978-81-86782-18-7 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=294 |language=en}}</ref> == Koli rebellion == {{Main|Koli rebellion}} == Distribution == * [[India]], The Kolis are distributed all over. The Kolis are mostly found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian states]] of [[Gujarat]], [[Himachal Pradesh]] and [[Maharashtra]]. In Gujarat, Kolis are 24% of the total population of state<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=Ghanshyam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Aou17T8KaEEC&q=koli+thakor&pg=PA297 |title=Caste and Democratic Politics in India |date=2004 |publisher=[[Permanent Black]] |isbn=978-81-7824-095-4 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=297: The Kolis constitute the largest caste-cluster comprising 24 per cent of the population of Gujarat. They are spread throughout the state. Major jatis of the Kolis are: Chunavaliya, Khant, Patanvadiya, Bareeya, Thakarada or Thakor, Talabda, Dharala, Matia, Gulam. Some of them use the term Koli as a suffix such as Matia Koli or Gulam Koli, whereas others do not use the term Koli at all |language=en}}</ref> and In Himachal Pradesh are 30% of state.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Minhas |first=Poonam |url= |title=Traditional Trade & Trading Centres in Himachal Pradesh: With Trade-routes and Trading Communities |date=1998 |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=978-81-7387-080-4 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=59: In Himachal, Kolis formed nearby 30 per cent of population |language=en}}</ref> * [[Pakistan]], The Kolis are found in the [[Sindh]] [[Administrative units of Pakistan|province]] of Pakistan. Most of them are in relationship with Kolis of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Donnan |first1=Hastings |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SwluAAAAMAAJ |title=Family and Gender in Pakistan: Domestic Organization in a Muslim Society |last2=Selier |first2=Frits |date=1997 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7075-036-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=89 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Penang|Penang Island]], The Kolis also found in the Penang Island (Prince of Wales Island). They were sent by [[British Raj|British Indian government]] because of their rebellious activities against british [[East India Company]] during [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian rebellion of 1857]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chaturvedi |first=Vinayak |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MzPlZSOjCpsC&dq=Penang+Kolis&pg=PA32 |title=Peasant Pasts: History and Memory in Western India |date=2007 |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |isbn=978-0-520-25076-5 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=32 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Fiji]], Kolis are found in Fiji and they are agriculturist by profession and using the surname of Patel and migrated from [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Edmond |first1=Jacob |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B_V5DwAAQBAJ&dq=Fiji+Koli&pg=PA67 |title=Recentring Asia: Histories, Encounters, Identities |last2=Johnson |first2=Henry |last3=Leckie |first3=Jacqueline |date=2011-07-27 |publisher=[[Global Oriental]] |year=2011 |isbn=978-90-04-21261-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=67 |language=en}}</ref> * [[New Zealand]], Kolis of [[New Zealand]] are agriculturist and using Patel surname.{{sfn|Edmond|2011|pp=67: Most Koli in New Zealand and Fiji were Talabdas Koli, while Kanbi there descend from Leva, Kadva and Matia jati. In India and elsewhere many Koli and Kanbi use the surname Patel.}} * [[Nepal]], Kolis of Nepal ruled over Ramgram, Devdaha and Panditpur.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Whelpton |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KoNT6tjk9mQC |title=A History of Nepal |date=2005-02-17 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-521-80470-7 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=19 |language=en}}</ref> * [[East Africa]], Kolis of Gujarat migrated to East Africa and living there. In East Africa, Kolis called themselves as '''Mandhata Patel''', '''Mandhata Koli Patel''' and '''Koli Patel''' and many of them are [[Businessperson|busyness person]], teachers and doctors.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hahlo |first=Ken |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UKybDwAAQBAJ&dq=Africa+Koli+migrated&pg=PT113 |title=Communities, Networks and Ethnic Politics |date=2018-08-10 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2018 |isbn=978-0-429-86435-3 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |language=en}}</ref> == Military == === Maratha Empire === The Kolis of Maharashtra,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradhan |first=Gautam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SV02DwAAQBAJ&dq=Shivaji+Kolis&pg=PT688 |title=300 Brave Men - Shivaji Trilogy Book I |date=2017-09-07 |publisher=One Point Six Technology Pvt Ltd |isbn=978-93-5201-973-1 |language=en}}</ref> joined the Maratha Army during the reign of Chhatrapati [[Shivaji]] of [[Maratha Empire]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Kaushik |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GpNECgAAQBAJ&dq=Sultanate+Koli&pg=PT69 |title=Military Manpower, Armies and Warfare in South Asia |date=2015-10-06 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-317-32127-9 |location=New Delhi, India |language=en}}</ref> the Kolis also served in the Maratha navy of Shivaji<ref>{{Cite book |last=Satchidanandan |first=K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=woU_DAAAQBAJ&dq=Shivaji+Kolis&pg=PT58 |title=Words Matter: Writings against Silence |date=2016-06-10 |publisher=[[Penguin UK]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-93-86057-32-7 |location=New Delhi, India |language=en}}</ref> and grand admiral of Maratha Navy was manned by Koli chieftain Kanhoji Angre who was knowns as ''Shivaji of Sea''<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bakshi |first1=Shiri Ram |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iP433CnEW_gC&dq=Maratha+Empire+Koli&pg=PA41 |title=Sharad Pawar, the Maratha Legacy |last2=Sharma |first2=Sita Ram |last3=Gajrani |first3=S. |date=1998 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7648-007-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=41 |language=en}}</ref> and the army warriors were manned by Koli commander Tanaji Malusare.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Shibani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |location=New Delhi, India |pages=25: The chief warrior or ' senapati ' of Shivaji , Taraji Malusare belonged to the Kolis of Mawli and all his followers were Koli who had fought several battles against the |language=en}}</ref> the Kolis formed the important Mavala army of Shivaji at Shivneri Fort in Junnar.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burman |first=J. J. Roy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yDZkX0PUEKQC&dq=Shivaji+Kolis&pg=PA242 |title=Hindu-Muslim Syncretic Shrines and Communities |date=2002 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-839-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=242 |language=en}}</ref> A Koli chief named Laya Patil who was fleet chief in Maratha navy was honoured by Shivaji with the title of '''Sarpatil''' for his courageous attack at Janjira.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Punekar |first=Vinaja B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VOU9AAAAIAAJ |title=The Son Kolis of Bombay |date=1959 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |location=New Delhi, India |pages=23 |language=en}}</ref> In 1665, under Shivaji, The Koli soldiers played an important role on the fort of Purandar fort during the siege of Diler Khan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kamble |first=B. R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HdQgAAAAMAAJ |title=Studies in Shivaji and His Times |date=1982 |publisher=[[Shivaji University]] |location=New Delhi, India |pages=135 |language=en}}</ref> When Shivaji began his revolt against [[Muslims|Muslim]] sultanates, the Kolis were amongst the first to join him under the leadership of the Khemirao Sarnaik and they played a leading role in Swarajya.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hardiman |first1=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EsfAQAAIAAJ |title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India |last2=Hardiman |first2=Professor of History David |date=1996 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-563956-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=221 |language=en}}</ref> === Deccan Sultanate === The Kolis of Maharashtra, served in the [[Deccan sultanates|Deccan Sultanates]], the Kolis served in Bahmani [[sultanate]] as fortkeepers and the Sultans of Bahamani sultanate respected the Koli officers with tye title of [[Sardar]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Behera |first=Maguni Charan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rVS9DwAAQBAJ&dq=Shivaji+Kolis&pg=PA46 |title=Tribal Studies in India: Perspectives of History, Archaeology and Culture |date=2019-11-09 |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |year=2019 |isbn=978-981-329-026-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=46 |language=en}}</ref> and the Ahmednagar sultanate conferred the good positions for Kolis such as Sardar and Mansabdar.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hassan |first=Syed Siraj ul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lYSd-3yL9h0C&q=Dalvi+Koli&pg=PA335 |title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions |date=1989 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |isbn=978-81-206-0488-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=332 |language=en}}</ref> === Gujarat Sultanate === The Kolis of [[Gujarat]] served in the royal army of Gujarat Sultanate during the reign of Bahadur Shah<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Kaushik |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5JECgAAQBAJ&dq=Bahadur+Shah+Gujarat+Koli&pg=PA53 |title=Military Manpower, Armies and Warfare in South Asia |date=2015-10-06 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-317-32128-6 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=53 |language=en}}</ref> and Kolis attacked the Mughal [[Sultan]] [[Humayun]] in the defence of [[Gujarat]] sultan Bahadur Shah and looted the Mughal army of Humayun at the Gulf of Khambhat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Behera |first=Maguni Charan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rVS9DwAAQBAJ&dq=Bahadur+Shah+Gujarat+Koli&pg=PA45 |title=Tribal Studies in India: Perspectives of History, Archaeology and Culture |date=2019-11-09 |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |year=2019 |isbn=978-981-329-026-6 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=45 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Heredia |first1=Rudolf C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mYKAAAAAMAAJ |title=Mobile, and Marginalized Peoples: Perspectives from the Past |last2=Ratnagar |first2=Shereen |date=2003 |publisher=Manohar Publications |isbn=978-81-7304-497-7 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=158: A sixteenth - century Arabic text , the Zafar - ulWalih - bi - Muzaffar - Waalihi , mentions Bhils and Kolis helping the amirs of Sultan Bahadur Shah of Gujarat in their attacks on Humayun at the Gulf of Khambat ( Sandesara 1970 : 208 ) |language=en}}</ref> === British Indian Empire === During the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|1857 mutiny]], The '''Deccan Koli Corps''' was formed under [[Captain]] Nuttall and Kolis proved very useful and serviceable.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kennedy |first=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PEZCY_iK3GIC&dq=Koli+corps&pg=PA92 |title=The Criminal Classes in India |date=1985 |publisher=Mittal Publications |location=New Delhi, India |pages=92 |language=en}}</ref> Every time they met an enemy, they showed the same dashing and persevering courage. When the [[Regular army|regular troops]] were withdrawn in 1860, their places were taken by detachments of Koli corps. The Koli corps continued to perform this duty till 1861. when they were disbanded and some of them entered in police service.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hassan |first=Syed Siraj ul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lYSd-3yL9h0C&dq=Koli+corps&pg=PA334 |title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions |date=1989 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |isbn=978-81-206-0488-9 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=334 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |location=New Delhi, India |pages=14 |language=en}}</ref> Like the '''Deccan Koli Corps''' of Maharashtra, '''Gujarat Koli Corps'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cumming |first=Gordon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1JKCDQAAQBAJ&dq=Koli+corps&pg=PA147 |title=Wild men and wild beasts |date=2016-11-16 |publisher=BoD – Books on Demand |year=2016 |isbn=978-9925-0-3736-0 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=147 |language=en}}</ref> ('''Ahmedabad Koli Corps''') was formed in Gujarat to subdue the rebellions.<ref>{{Cite book |last=McIntyre |first=W. David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EYevCwAAQBAJ&dq=Koli+corps&pg=PA192 |title=Imperial Frontier in the Tropics |date=1967-06-18 |publisher=[[Springer Publishing|Springer]] |year=1967 |isbn=978-1-349-00349-5 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=192 |language=en}}</ref> The Gujerat Koli Corps was honoured with the '''Mutiny Medal''' for exploiting courage of Koli soldiers by Governor of Bombay Lord Elphinstone.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pippet |first=G. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TLr7LqbnQQoC |title=A History of the Ceylon Police |date=1969 |publisher=Times of Ceylon Company |pages=4 |language=en}}</ref> During the [[World War I|First World War]], Kolis of [[Himachal Pradesh]] were recruited in the [[British Indian Army]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Parry |first=Jonathan P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MabdAAAAQBAJ |title=Caste and Kinship in Kangra |date=2013-09-13 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-136-54585-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=119 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=chVyEAAAQBAJ&dq=army+Kolis&pg=PP55 |title=Indian Armed Forces in the World War |publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting |isbn=978-93-5409-556-6 |language=en}}</ref> and Kolis of [[Punjab]] were enlisted in British [[infantry]] troops.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Kaushik |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oYPWpxyunwkC&dq=army+Kolis&pg=PA128 |title=The Army in British India: From Colonial Warfare to Total War 1857 - 1947 |date=2012-11-22 |publisher=A&C Black |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-4411-6845-0 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=128 |language=en}}</ref> The British Indian Navy, or '''Bombay Navy''' was manned or controlled by the Kolis of [[Mumbai]] during the [[British Raj]] in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Barendse |first=Rene |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fCywCQAAQBAJ&dq=navy+Kolis&pg=PA98 |title=Arabian Seas 1700 - 1763 |date=2009-10-26 |publisher=[[BRILL]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-90-474-3002-5 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=98 |language=en}}</ref> === Portuguese India === The Kolis of [[Maharashtra]] served manned the Portuguese Indian navy. Kolis were most important for Portuguese Indian king because in wartime, Kolis often fought with their own boat and gallivats. Portuguese Indian king was not in good condition but he built two [[Warship|warships]] specially for Kolis to fight against [[Piracy|pirates]] and other Marine power.{{sfn|Barendse|2009|pp=99}} === Princely States === The Princely State of Baroda enlisted eight to ten thousands of Koli soldiers in his army.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YzkKAQAAIAAJ |title=The Indian Historical Quarterly |date=1985 |publisher=Ramanand Vidya Bhawan |location=New Delhi, India |pages=146 |language=en}}</ref> The Kotwals of the royal palace of Bhavnagar, Morvi and Rajkot princely states were Talpada Kolis of Radhavanaj village of Kheda [[List of districts of Gujarat|district]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4_htAAAAMAAJ|title=Vanyajāti|date=1989|publisher=Bharatiya Adimjati Sevak Sangh.|location=[[Gujarat]], [[India]]|pages=26|language=en}}</ref> == See more == * [[Koli dance]] * [[Koli clans and titles]] * [[Koli clans of Gujarat]] == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Koli, Caste}} [[Category:Koli| ]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Asia]] [[Category:People from Gujarat]] [[Category:People from Haryana]] [[Category:People from Himachal Pradesh]] [[Category:People from Jammu and Kashmir]] [[Category:People from Karnataka]] [[Category:People from Maharashtra]] [[Category:People from Odisha]] [[Category:People from Rajasthan]] [[Category:People from Uttar Pradesh]] gvdxrnrgpq2rn3z9wy5jv9daw20uvzd 10369348 10367649 2025-07-03T10:23:48Z 103.240.170.83 I'm a anthropological researcher, i correct and add some of the important things of this ethnic group. 10369348 wikitext text/x-wiki The Koli are an ethnic community of Maharashtra, India, indigenous to Mumbai with a long-standing presence primarily in the states of Maharashtra, Gujarat and Goa. Traditionally known for their roles in maritime, agrarian, forest, and military sectors, the Kolis are historically significant for their contributions to regional kingdoms, trade, and defense. They are ethnically diverse and distinct from the modern caste-based classifications. {{Infobox tribe|name=Koli|local name=कोळी|type=Ethnic group of Maharashtra|image=File:A Koli Chieftain.jpg|caption=A [[Portrait]] of the Koli [[chieftain|Chieftain]] of [[Dahewan]] jagir in Gujarat by James Forbes, 1813.|ethnicity=Koli ethnic group|location=*[[Gujarat]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Daman and Diu]], [[Goa]], [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] of India *[[Sindh]] province of [[Pakistan]]|varna=Ethnic group|population=*Origin from Maharashtra also known as (original mumbaikars). *After partition and migration they also found in Gujarat and Goa.|demonym=Koli ethnic|branches=Ethnic group|language=*[[Koli language]] *[[English]] *[[Marathi]] *[[Gujarati]]|religion=*[[Hinduism]] *[[Christianity]] *[[Islam]]|surnames=*Generally carry "Koli" surname but also have variety.}} == History == The Koli community is referenced in various ancient and medieval Indian texts, often associated with forest regions, coastal trade, and martial traditions.<ref>Sarkar, Jadunath. ''Shivaji and His Times''. Longmans, Green & Co., 1919.</ref> Over centuries, Kolis have been involved in agriculture, fishing, and military service, particularly in western India. === Role in the Maratha Empire === During the Maratha Empire, many Kolis served as soldiers, commanders, and fort guardians. Their contributions were especially notable in regional military campaigns under Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.<ref>Sen, S.N. ''Administrative System of the Marathas''. K.P. Bagchi & Company, 1976.</ref> Notable figures include: * '''Tanaji Malusare''', a Koli warrior who led the successful assault on Sinhagad Fort. He is celebrated for his valor and leadership in the Maratha military.<ref>Pagdi, Setu Madhavrao. ''Shivaji''. National Book Trust, India, 1974.</ref> * '''Suryaji Malusare''', brother of Tanaji Malusare, who continued the family's military legacy and also served under the Maratha command. === Koli Ruling Dynasties === Several princely states and regional principalities were ruled by Koli dynasties. These included: * '''Jawhar State''', governed by the Mukne Koli dynasty.<ref>Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Thana. Government Central Press, 1882.</ref> * '''Surgana State''', ruled by the Pawar Koli dynasty.<ref>Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 23. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908.</ref> These Koli-led polities retained a degree of semi-autonomy during both the Maratha period and under British colonial rule, often negotiating with larger powers while maintaining local governance. == Ethnic identity vs Caste classification == Although today Kolis are categorized under various caste-based groups — such as (General) in urban areas especially in Maharashtra, and Other Backward Classes (OBC) depending on the region — many scholars and historians consider Kolis to be an ethnic group rather than a monolithic caste. Their classification into subgroups such as Mahadev Koli, Son Koli, Talpada Koli, and others was largely shaped by colonial census systems and post-independence policy, not traditional social organization. == Cultural traditions == === Kolis have a rich cultural identity expressed through === * '''Festivals''': Narali Pournima marks the beginning of the fishing season. The Koli festival celebrates Koli cuisine, music, and lifestyle. * '''Gold''': Gold is prominently used in Koli ethnic traditions such as Koli jewellery, Koli weddings, festivals, and as gifts. * '''Koli Culinary''': Koli culinary traditions refer to the diverse traditional cuisine of the Koli ethnic group, featuring a rich blend of seafood, meat, seasonal vegetables, grains, and traditional spices. While known for coastal seafood dishes, Koli cuisine also includes hearty non-vegetarian and vegetarian preparations, showcasing the community's deep-rooted cultural and regional influences. * '''Dance & Music''': Koli folk dances and songs are famous in Maharashtra and Goa. * '''Oral History''': Stories of bravery, especially through powadas (ballads), keep the legacy of Koli warriors alive. * '''Maritime & Agrarian Traditions''': In Konkan, Kolis have traditionally been sailors, seafarers, coastal traders, and boat-owners; in the hills, agriculturists and herders. == Distribution == === The Koli population is primarily concentrated in === * '''Maharashtra''': Particularly in Mumbai, Raigad, Palghar, Thane, Nashik, and Pune districts. * '''Gujarat''': Kolis are found across the Saurashtra coast and forest belts. * '''Goa''': Coastal Kolis share linguistic and cultural traits with Konkanis. == Colonial and modern categorisation == During British rule, Kolis were inconsistently categorized as "castes," or as a "criminal caste" under the Criminal Tribes Act. After independence, this categorization persisted through affirmative action policies, often leading to the fragmentation of the ethnic group into sub-castes for administrative purposes. Despite this, many scholars continue to argue that the Kolis constitute a single ethnic people, with internal cultural variation but a shared ancestry and historical identity. == See more == * [[Koli dance]] * [[Koli culinary]] * [[Ethnic group]] == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Koli, Ethnic group}} [[Category:Koli| ]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Asia]] [[Category:People from Gujarat]] [[Category:People from Goa]] [[Category:People from Maharashtra]] nn6b26az0py5qrep1hxdmi05swavy8t 10369356 10369348 2025-07-03T10:29:54Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 Reverted to revision 10367649 by Barras: revert blankinag. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369356 wikitext text/x-wiki The Koli are an indigenous ethnic community of Maharashtra India with a long-standing presence primarily in the states of Maharashtra, Gujarat and Goa. Traditionally known for their roles in maritime, agrarian, forest, and military sectors, the Kolis are historically significant for their contributions to regional kingdoms, trade, and defense. They are ethnically diverse and distinct from the modern caste-based classifications often applied to them. {{Infobox tribe|name=Koli|local name=कोळी|type=Ethnic group of Maharashtra|image=File:A Koli Chieftain.jpg|caption=A [[Portrait]] of the Koli [[chieftain|Chieftain]] of [[Dahewan]] jagir in Gujarat by James Forbes, 1813.|ethnicity=Koli ethnic group|location=*[[Gujarat]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Daman and Diu]], [[Goa]], [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] of India *[[Sindh]] province of [[Pakistan]]|varna=Ethnic group|population=*Origin from Maharashtra also known as (original mumbaikars). *After partition and migration they also found in Gujarat and Goa.|demonym=Koli ethnic|branches=Ethnic group|language=*[[Koli language]] *[[English]] *[[Marathi]] *[[Gujarati]]|religion=*[[Hinduism]] *[[Christianity]] *[[Islam]]|surnames=*Generally carry "Koli" surname but also have variety.}} Kolis are mentioned in ancient and medieval texts, often associated with forest regions, coastal trade, and warrior clans. During the Maratha Empire, many Kolis served as soldiers, commanders, and fort guardians. Notable figures include: Tanaji Malusare, a Koli warrior who led the successful assault on Sinhagad Fort under Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. Suryaji Malusare, his brother, who continued the military legacy. Ruling dynasties of Jawhar State (Mukne Koli), Surgana State (Pawar Koli), Koli-led principalities that maintained semi-independence during Maratha and British periods. == History == The Patidars of [[Central Gujarat|Central]] and North Gujarat were agricultural labour on the lands of Koli [[Landlord|landlords]] or Koli [[Tribal chief|chieftains]] but after [[Indian independence movement|Independence of India]], Patidars enchraoched the lands of Kolis through land ceiling act of Independent [[India]] and reduced the Kolis in social status.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Franco |first=Fernando |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ueRtAAAAMAAJ |title=Pain and Awakening: The Dynamics of Dalit Identity in Bihar, Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh |date=2002 |publisher=Indian Social Institute |isbn=978-81-87218-46-3 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=252 |language=en}}</ref> after that, Kolis thought that they ruled the area but have no rights, so Kolis often plunders the Patidar villages in midnight in gangs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lzWFAAAAIAAJ |title=Peasant Nationalists of Gujarat: Kheda District, 1917-1934 |date=1981 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-561255-4 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=45 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Rajput|Rajputs]] of Gujarat strongly allied with Kolis because Rajputs also were against Patidars because of their land rights.<ref>{{Cite book |last=DA COSTA |first=DIA |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/j.ctt1ws7wgk |title=Politicizing Creative Economy: Activism and a Hunger Called Theater |date=2016 |publisher=University of Illinois Press |isbn=978-0-252-04060-3 |jstor=10.5406/j.ctt1ws7wgk }}</ref> In central and north Gujarat, the Kolis had several battles with the Patidars on the issue of land tenancy, land rights and use of common village resources. It may be mentioned here that in order to win the elections in 1962 and 1967 the [[Swatantra Party|Gujarat Swatantra Party]], dominated by the Patidars, won over some of the Koli leaders of the '''Gujarat Kshatriya Sabha''' and Sabha was dominated by Kolis of North Gujarat . The Party evolved a strategy referred to by the acronym PKASH; that is the 'party of Patidars and Koli Kshatriyas.' Party nominated a large number of the Kolis as party candidates and also gave them positions within the party organization. But that alliance did not last. The party and the Kshatriya Sabha's Koli leaders could not resolve ground-level conflicts between the Koli peasants and well Patidar peasants.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wood |first=John R. |date=2008 |title=Review of India's 2004 Elections: Grass-Roots and National Perspectives |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40377511 |journal=Pacific Affairs |volume=81 |issue=1 |pages=138–140 |jstor=40377511 |issn=0030-851X}}</ref> The grievances of Patidar were resolved by '''Gujarat Kshatriya Sabha''' by several time meetings but it was not enough because Kolis were double in number of population if Gujarat and Patidars often targeted by influenced Kolis.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bardhan |first1=Pranab |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7zv3bg |title=India's Democracy: An Analysis of Changing State-Society Relations |last2=Brass |first2=Paul R. |last3=Cohen |first3=Stephen P. |last4=Gupta |first4=Jyotirindra Das |last5=Frankel |first5=Francine R. |last6=Hart |first6=Henry C. |last7=Manor |first7=James |last8=Shah |first8=Ghanshyam |last9=Lewis |first9=John P. |date=1988 |publisher=Princeton University Press|jstor=j.ctt7zv3bg }}</ref> most of the Patidar's children were engaged in collage study but Kolis not and it was a big beneficial point of Patidars.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/351633 |title=Education and the disprivileged: nineteenth and twentieth century India |date=2002 |publisher=Orient Longman |isbn=978-81-250-2192-6 |editor-last=Bhattacharya |editor-first=Sabyasachi |location=Hyderabad, India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Mehta |first1=Haroobhai |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zJE6AAAAMAAJ |title=Dynamics of Reservation Policy |last2=Patel |first2=Hasmukh |date=1985 |publisher=Patriot Publishers |isbn=978-0-8364-1818-7 |pages=119 |language=en}}</ref> Some of the Bhil chief's of early [[Middle Ages|medieval]] [[Ahmedabad]] claim the status of Kolis in the medieval period. The Kolis of [[Gujarat]] being a part of the [[Agriculture|agricultural]] population, the Kolis might have included some other social groups claiming agriculturist status. The Kolis were not good cultivators in the medieval period and are not described as an economically homogeneous caste at the end of the nineteenth century. The character of the Kolis, as agriculturists, varies much in different parts of the Gujarat. Crimes of violence are occasionally committed among Kolis they were known as outlaw. but, as a [[warrior]] caste, they have settled down in the position of peaceful husbandmen marked contrast to their lawless practices fifty years ago. The Kolis of medieval Gujarat too figure in medieval source more as lawless elements than as peaceful producers. [[Raja]] Vikramajit, [[Shah Jahan|Shahjahan]]'s governor of Gujarat, had to conduct an expedition in 1622 against [[Jagir|Jagirdar]] Kolis in north of Ahmedabad who had been for generations a terror to travellers. Between 1662 and 1668, a [[Baloch people|Baluchi]] adventurer impersonating the late Dara Shikoh successfully gathered around himself a large number of the Kolis of Viramgam and Chunwal. The [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] commander Mohabat Khan had to march out to drive him away and take control of the Kolis. Records of the [[East India Company]] mention that the Ahmedabad route to [[Surat]] was particularly dangerous because of the constant irruption of brigands, robbers, piracy and [[Highwayman|highwaymen]] Kolis. In fact, in 1644, some Kolis attacked a [[Caravanserai|caravan]] between Ahmedabad and Broach, Kolis armed with bows and arrows and muskets attacked Fidauddin Khan's forces in the mid-eighteenth century; the Kolis also launched [[Guerrilla warfare|guerrilla]] attacks on Gaikwad forces. But it is significant that the eighteenth-century Kolis of Gujarat refused to accept the Bhils as a Koli, Alexander K. Forbes, writing on the Kolis and the Bhils of Mahikantha in the period of the Gaikwads, mentions that tribal bhils were trying to be in Koli status. The above point indicates that the status of "Koli' had become a respectable one for those tribal groups in Gujarat who sought to distinguish themselves from the larger mass of their kinsmen. The Kolis seem to have attained an important socio political status by the fourteenth century, at least on Konkan coast in [[Maharashtra]]. A Koli kingdom is known to have been founded by Jayba Popera in North Konkan in 1342. The chief of the celebrated Janjira fort was a Koli named Ram Patil in the time of [[Shivaji]], Kolis had served the Maratha army under their Koli commanders Yesaji Kank and Tanaji Malusare since the time of Shivaji and exercised considerable control over the [[Konkan|Konkan coast]]. The Bahmanis conferred the rank of [[Sardar]] on Koli chiefs who held charge of hill tracts. In contrast, we have noted that the Kolis of Gujarat were mostly perceived as a ''predatory tribe''. From the way they are described in the literature of the medieval period and in travellers accounts, we suspect that some descendants of medieval Bhil chiefs, particularly those of Ahmedabad, could have claimed the status of Koli.<ref>{{Cite book |last=[[Behera (surname)|Behera]] |first=Maguni Charan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rVS9DwAAQBAJ&q=Patil+Koli |title=Tribal Studies in India: Perspectives of History, Archaeology and Culture |date=2019-11-09 |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |year=2019 |isbn=978-981-329-026-6 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=46 |language=en}}</ref> == Koli clans and titles == {{Main|Koli clans and titles}} == Koli pirates == A largest number of Kolis lives in [[Gujarat]] and Kathiawar of Gujarat has always been famous for its Koli [[Piracy]]. In times of unsettled [[British Raj|British]] government, the coasts of Kathiawar have swarmed with Koli pirates, who, from the shelter of every creek and [[headland]], took toll on all merchandise Ships that was carried on the [[Arabian Sea]]. Along the southern coast the leading pirates were Shial Koli, Baria Kolis, while, in the [[Gulf of Kutch|Gulf of Cutch]] and near [[Dwarka]] and Porbandar, from an early date, Other Kolis made their names a terror to [[Merchant|merchants]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tambs-Lyche |first=Harald |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ntuAAAAMAAJ |title=Power, Profit, and Poetry: Traditional Society in Kathiawar, Western India |date=1996-12-31 |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-7304-176-1 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=134–136 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Barendse |first=Rene J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=inClDAAAQBAJ&q=Kathiawar+Koli+Pirate |title=The Arabian Seas: The Indian Ocean World of the Seventeenth Century: The Indian Ocean World of the Seventeenth Century |date=2016-07-08 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-317-45836-4 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=355–357 |language=en}}</ref> === Ghogha and Piram Islands === In 1326, Ghogha and Piram Islands of [[Gujarat]] was stronghold of Koli pirates and they often lavied or attacked the ships of traders passed by nearby sea. But Koli pirates were defeated by the Mokhadaji. Later in 1340, Mokhadaji was defeated by Sultan Mohammad Bin Tughluq of Delhi Sultanate and Koli pirates raised again and captured a English ship named ”’Morning Star”’ of big cost and loaded with cargo.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singhji |first=Virbhadra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NYK7ZSpPzkUC&q=Ghogha+Koli |title=The Rajputs of Saurashtra |date=1994 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7154-546-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=39 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Pfeffer |first1=Georg |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NEBLAAAAYAAJ |title=Contemporary Society: Concept of tribal society |last2=Behera |first2=Deepak Kumar |date=1997 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7022-640-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=199 |language=en}}</ref> === Shial bet Island === In 1531, Koli [[Piracy|pirates]] of Shial island of South coast of Kathiawar in [[Gujarat]] captured the Shial [[island]] from Portuguese India and defeated the Portuguese Indian Navy. After that Chanch also became the [[stronghold]] of Koli pirates.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Campbell |first=James M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FAXGpcEdbfUC |title=Hindu Castes and Tribes of Gujurat |date=1988 |publisher=[[Vintage Books]] |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=245 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilberforce-Bell |first=Harold |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JmZDAAAAYAAJ |title=The History of Kathiawad from the Earliest Times |date=1980 |publisher=Ajay Book Service |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=48 |language=en}}</ref> === Sultanpur === In 1734, The Kolis infested the Coastle of [[Gujarat]]. from their stronghold at Sultanpur, on the river Kurla in Kathiawar, they gave much trouble [[British Raj|British]] ships. They were egged on to continue their infamous activities owing to the patronage extended to them by some wealthy Kolis who shared their plunder. The British government despatched British Indian Navy under captain Radford Nunn and captain Daniel Inchbird and he captured 5 of their armed vessels and burnt 14 more. To save others from a similar fate, Nunn burnt nearly 50 small ships of Koli pirates. About six months later, 10 more of their boats were set on fire and these measures silenced them for some time. A letter from the Bombay Castle diary, dated Sunday, the 21st January, 1739, reveals that the Kolis had captured several vessels among which was the ”’Tiger Gallivet”’ (returning from [[Persia]]) in whose seizure the Kolis were chief pirates. A few years later in 1749, their renewed activities came to light once more, when they captured a ”’Bengal Ship”’ carrying rupees 60,000 cash and a [[Cargo]] worth an equivalent amount. To combat against Koli pirates, the Dutch India, joining hands with the [[British Raj|British India]] in [[Surat]]. in December, 1750, both navy forced illegal activites of Koli pirates on the Kurla river. In this campaign, 23 of vessels were captured and this attack again compelled the Kolis to be inactive for a longer period.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Saletore |first=Rajaram Narayan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1PVMMoChwY4C&q=koli+Pirate |title=Indian Pirates |date=1978 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=80–88 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sorabshah |first=Manekshah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KURuAAAAMAAJ |title=A History of Gujarat: Including a Survey of Its Chief Architectural Monuments and Inscriptions |date=1980 |publisher=[[Longmans]], Green & Company Limited |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=685 |language=en}}</ref> === Talaja === The Talaja coast In Bhavnagar State was infested by the Koli pirates of Kathiawad of Gujarat. They captured the trading ships of [[British people|Britishers]] and Bhavnagar State. The British Navy with the help of Bhavnagar ruler Akherajji attacked and defeated the Koli pirates in 1771. But after death of Akherajji, Kolis again started collecting the tax from ships and captured two British and one Bhavnagar ship. In 1807, Wakhatsinji Akherajji Gohil join hands with [[British Raj|British]] government to suppress the Koli [[piracy]] under ”’Walker Settlement”’ treaty for peace in Saurashtra ocean and again defeated the Koli pirates and congrats by [[Bombay Presidency|Bombay government]] for his dare against Kolis.<ref>{{Cite book |last=India) |first=Oriental Institute (Vadodara |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NookXlAb2koC |title=Journal of the Oriental Institute, M.S. University of Barida, Baroda |date=1987 |publisher=[[Oriental Institute]], Maharajah Sayajirao Gaekwad University |location=New Delhi, India |pages=157 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bhadani |first1=B. L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JExuAAAAMAAJ |title=Facets of a Marwar Historian: Aspects of India's Social and Economic History : a Volume in Honour of Shri Govind Ag[a]rwal |last2=Tripathi |first2=Dwijendra |date=1996 |publisher=Publication Scheme |isbn=978-81-86782-18-7 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=294 |language=en}}</ref> == Koli rebellion == {{Main|Koli rebellion}} == Distribution == * [[India]], The Kolis are distributed all over. The Kolis are mostly found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian states]] of [[Gujarat]], [[Himachal Pradesh]] and [[Maharashtra]]. In Gujarat, Kolis are 24% of the total population of state<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=Ghanshyam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Aou17T8KaEEC&q=koli+thakor&pg=PA297 |title=Caste and Democratic Politics in India |date=2004 |publisher=[[Permanent Black]] |isbn=978-81-7824-095-4 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=297: The Kolis constitute the largest caste-cluster comprising 24 per cent of the population of Gujarat. They are spread throughout the state. Major jatis of the Kolis are: Chunavaliya, Khant, Patanvadiya, Bareeya, Thakarada or Thakor, Talabda, Dharala, Matia, Gulam. Some of them use the term Koli as a suffix such as Matia Koli or Gulam Koli, whereas others do not use the term Koli at all |language=en}}</ref> and In Himachal Pradesh are 30% of state.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Minhas |first=Poonam |url= |title=Traditional Trade & Trading Centres in Himachal Pradesh: With Trade-routes and Trading Communities |date=1998 |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=978-81-7387-080-4 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=59: In Himachal, Kolis formed nearby 30 per cent of population |language=en}}</ref> * [[Pakistan]], The Kolis are found in the [[Sindh]] [[Administrative units of Pakistan|province]] of Pakistan. Most of them are in relationship with Kolis of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Donnan |first1=Hastings |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SwluAAAAMAAJ |title=Family and Gender in Pakistan: Domestic Organization in a Muslim Society |last2=Selier |first2=Frits |date=1997 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7075-036-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=89 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Penang|Penang Island]], The Kolis also found in the Penang Island (Prince of Wales Island). They were sent by [[British Raj|British Indian government]] because of their rebellious activities against british [[East India Company]] during [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian rebellion of 1857]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chaturvedi |first=Vinayak |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MzPlZSOjCpsC&dq=Penang+Kolis&pg=PA32 |title=Peasant Pasts: History and Memory in Western India |date=2007 |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |isbn=978-0-520-25076-5 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=32 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Fiji]], Kolis are found in Fiji and they are agriculturist by profession and using the surname of Patel and migrated from [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Edmond |first1=Jacob |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B_V5DwAAQBAJ&dq=Fiji+Koli&pg=PA67 |title=Recentring Asia: Histories, Encounters, Identities |last2=Johnson |first2=Henry |last3=Leckie |first3=Jacqueline |date=2011-07-27 |publisher=[[Global Oriental]] |year=2011 |isbn=978-90-04-21261-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=67 |language=en}}</ref> * [[New Zealand]], Kolis of [[New Zealand]] are agriculturist and using Patel surname.{{sfn|Edmond|2011|pp=67: Most Koli in New Zealand and Fiji were Talabdas Koli, while Kanbi there descend from Leva, Kadva and Matia jati. In India and elsewhere many Koli and Kanbi use the surname Patel.}} * [[Nepal]], Kolis of Nepal ruled over Ramgram, Devdaha and Panditpur.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Whelpton |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KoNT6tjk9mQC |title=A History of Nepal |date=2005-02-17 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-521-80470-7 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=19 |language=en}}</ref> * [[East Africa]], Kolis of Gujarat migrated to East Africa and living there. In East Africa, Kolis called themselves as '''Mandhata Patel''', '''Mandhata Koli Patel''' and '''Koli Patel''' and many of them are [[Businessperson|busyness person]], teachers and doctors.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hahlo |first=Ken |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UKybDwAAQBAJ&dq=Africa+Koli+migrated&pg=PT113 |title=Communities, Networks and Ethnic Politics |date=2018-08-10 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2018 |isbn=978-0-429-86435-3 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |language=en}}</ref> == Military == === Maratha Empire === The Kolis of Maharashtra,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradhan |first=Gautam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SV02DwAAQBAJ&dq=Shivaji+Kolis&pg=PT688 |title=300 Brave Men - Shivaji Trilogy Book I |date=2017-09-07 |publisher=One Point Six Technology Pvt Ltd |isbn=978-93-5201-973-1 |language=en}}</ref> joined the Maratha Army during the reign of Chhatrapati [[Shivaji]] of [[Maratha Empire]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Kaushik |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GpNECgAAQBAJ&dq=Sultanate+Koli&pg=PT69 |title=Military Manpower, Armies and Warfare in South Asia |date=2015-10-06 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-317-32127-9 |location=New Delhi, India |language=en}}</ref> the Kolis also served in the Maratha navy of Shivaji<ref>{{Cite book |last=Satchidanandan |first=K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=woU_DAAAQBAJ&dq=Shivaji+Kolis&pg=PT58 |title=Words Matter: Writings against Silence |date=2016-06-10 |publisher=[[Penguin UK]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-93-86057-32-7 |location=New Delhi, India |language=en}}</ref> and grand admiral of Maratha Navy was manned by Koli chieftain Kanhoji Angre who was knowns as ''Shivaji of Sea''<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bakshi |first1=Shiri Ram |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iP433CnEW_gC&dq=Maratha+Empire+Koli&pg=PA41 |title=Sharad Pawar, the Maratha Legacy |last2=Sharma |first2=Sita Ram |last3=Gajrani |first3=S. |date=1998 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7648-007-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=41 |language=en}}</ref> and the army warriors were manned by Koli commander Tanaji Malusare.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Shibani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |location=New Delhi, India |pages=25: The chief warrior or ' senapati ' of Shivaji , Taraji Malusare belonged to the Kolis of Mawli and all his followers were Koli who had fought several battles against the |language=en}}</ref> the Kolis formed the important Mavala army of Shivaji at Shivneri Fort in Junnar.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burman |first=J. J. Roy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yDZkX0PUEKQC&dq=Shivaji+Kolis&pg=PA242 |title=Hindu-Muslim Syncretic Shrines and Communities |date=2002 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-839-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=242 |language=en}}</ref> A Koli chief named Laya Patil who was fleet chief in Maratha navy was honoured by Shivaji with the title of '''Sarpatil''' for his courageous attack at Janjira.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Punekar |first=Vinaja B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VOU9AAAAIAAJ |title=The Son Kolis of Bombay |date=1959 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |location=New Delhi, India |pages=23 |language=en}}</ref> In 1665, under Shivaji, The Koli soldiers played an important role on the fort of Purandar fort during the siege of Diler Khan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kamble |first=B. R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HdQgAAAAMAAJ |title=Studies in Shivaji and His Times |date=1982 |publisher=[[Shivaji University]] |location=New Delhi, India |pages=135 |language=en}}</ref> When Shivaji began his revolt against [[Muslims|Muslim]] sultanates, the Kolis were amongst the first to join him under the leadership of the Khemirao Sarnaik and they played a leading role in Swarajya.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hardiman |first1=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EsfAQAAIAAJ |title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India |last2=Hardiman |first2=Professor of History David |date=1996 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-563956-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=221 |language=en}}</ref> === Deccan Sultanate === The Kolis of Maharashtra, served in the [[Deccan sultanates|Deccan Sultanates]], the Kolis served in Bahmani [[sultanate]] as fortkeepers and the Sultans of Bahamani sultanate respected the Koli officers with tye title of [[Sardar]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Behera |first=Maguni Charan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rVS9DwAAQBAJ&dq=Shivaji+Kolis&pg=PA46 |title=Tribal Studies in India: Perspectives of History, Archaeology and Culture |date=2019-11-09 |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |year=2019 |isbn=978-981-329-026-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=46 |language=en}}</ref> and the Ahmednagar sultanate conferred the good positions for Kolis such as Sardar and Mansabdar.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hassan |first=Syed Siraj ul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lYSd-3yL9h0C&q=Dalvi+Koli&pg=PA335 |title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions |date=1989 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |isbn=978-81-206-0488-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=332 |language=en}}</ref> === Gujarat Sultanate === The Kolis of [[Gujarat]] served in the royal army of Gujarat Sultanate during the reign of Bahadur Shah<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Kaushik |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5JECgAAQBAJ&dq=Bahadur+Shah+Gujarat+Koli&pg=PA53 |title=Military Manpower, Armies and Warfare in South Asia |date=2015-10-06 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-317-32128-6 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=53 |language=en}}</ref> and Kolis attacked the Mughal [[Sultan]] [[Humayun]] in the defence of [[Gujarat]] sultan Bahadur Shah and looted the Mughal army of Humayun at the Gulf of Khambhat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Behera |first=Maguni Charan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rVS9DwAAQBAJ&dq=Bahadur+Shah+Gujarat+Koli&pg=PA45 |title=Tribal Studies in India: Perspectives of History, Archaeology and Culture |date=2019-11-09 |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |year=2019 |isbn=978-981-329-026-6 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=45 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Heredia |first1=Rudolf C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mYKAAAAAMAAJ |title=Mobile, and Marginalized Peoples: Perspectives from the Past |last2=Ratnagar |first2=Shereen |date=2003 |publisher=Manohar Publications |isbn=978-81-7304-497-7 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=158: A sixteenth - century Arabic text , the Zafar - ulWalih - bi - Muzaffar - Waalihi , mentions Bhils and Kolis helping the amirs of Sultan Bahadur Shah of Gujarat in their attacks on Humayun at the Gulf of Khambat ( Sandesara 1970 : 208 ) |language=en}}</ref> === British Indian Empire === During the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|1857 mutiny]], The '''Deccan Koli Corps''' was formed under [[Captain]] Nuttall and Kolis proved very useful and serviceable.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kennedy |first=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PEZCY_iK3GIC&dq=Koli+corps&pg=PA92 |title=The Criminal Classes in India |date=1985 |publisher=Mittal Publications |location=New Delhi, India |pages=92 |language=en}}</ref> Every time they met an enemy, they showed the same dashing and persevering courage. When the [[Regular army|regular troops]] were withdrawn in 1860, their places were taken by detachments of Koli corps. The Koli corps continued to perform this duty till 1861. when they were disbanded and some of them entered in police service.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hassan |first=Syed Siraj ul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lYSd-3yL9h0C&dq=Koli+corps&pg=PA334 |title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions |date=1989 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |isbn=978-81-206-0488-9 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=334 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |location=New Delhi, India |pages=14 |language=en}}</ref> Like the '''Deccan Koli Corps''' of Maharashtra, '''Gujarat Koli Corps'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cumming |first=Gordon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1JKCDQAAQBAJ&dq=Koli+corps&pg=PA147 |title=Wild men and wild beasts |date=2016-11-16 |publisher=BoD – Books on Demand |year=2016 |isbn=978-9925-0-3736-0 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=147 |language=en}}</ref> ('''Ahmedabad Koli Corps''') was formed in Gujarat to subdue the rebellions.<ref>{{Cite book |last=McIntyre |first=W. David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EYevCwAAQBAJ&dq=Koli+corps&pg=PA192 |title=Imperial Frontier in the Tropics |date=1967-06-18 |publisher=[[Springer Publishing|Springer]] |year=1967 |isbn=978-1-349-00349-5 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=192 |language=en}}</ref> The Gujerat Koli Corps was honoured with the '''Mutiny Medal''' for exploiting courage of Koli soldiers by Governor of Bombay Lord Elphinstone.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pippet |first=G. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TLr7LqbnQQoC |title=A History of the Ceylon Police |date=1969 |publisher=Times of Ceylon Company |pages=4 |language=en}}</ref> During the [[World War I|First World War]], Kolis of [[Himachal Pradesh]] were recruited in the [[British Indian Army]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Parry |first=Jonathan P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MabdAAAAQBAJ |title=Caste and Kinship in Kangra |date=2013-09-13 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-136-54585-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=119 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=chVyEAAAQBAJ&dq=army+Kolis&pg=PP55 |title=Indian Armed Forces in the World War |publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting |isbn=978-93-5409-556-6 |language=en}}</ref> and Kolis of [[Punjab]] were enlisted in British [[infantry]] troops.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Kaushik |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oYPWpxyunwkC&dq=army+Kolis&pg=PA128 |title=The Army in British India: From Colonial Warfare to Total War 1857 - 1947 |date=2012-11-22 |publisher=A&C Black |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-4411-6845-0 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=128 |language=en}}</ref> The British Indian Navy, or '''Bombay Navy''' was manned or controlled by the Kolis of [[Mumbai]] during the [[British Raj]] in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Barendse |first=Rene |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fCywCQAAQBAJ&dq=navy+Kolis&pg=PA98 |title=Arabian Seas 1700 - 1763 |date=2009-10-26 |publisher=[[BRILL]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-90-474-3002-5 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=98 |language=en}}</ref> === Portuguese India === The Kolis of [[Maharashtra]] served manned the Portuguese Indian navy. Kolis were most important for Portuguese Indian king because in wartime, Kolis often fought with their own boat and gallivats. Portuguese Indian king was not in good condition but he built two [[Warship|warships]] specially for Kolis to fight against [[Piracy|pirates]] and other Marine power.{{sfn|Barendse|2009|pp=99}} === Princely States === The Princely State of Baroda enlisted eight to ten thousands of Koli soldiers in his army.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YzkKAQAAIAAJ |title=The Indian Historical Quarterly |date=1985 |publisher=Ramanand Vidya Bhawan |location=New Delhi, India |pages=146 |language=en}}</ref> The Kotwals of the royal palace of Bhavnagar, Morvi and Rajkot princely states were Talpada Kolis of Radhavanaj village of Kheda [[List of districts of Gujarat|district]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4_htAAAAMAAJ|title=Vanyajāti|date=1989|publisher=Bharatiya Adimjati Sevak Sangh.|location=[[Gujarat]], [[India]]|pages=26|language=en}}</ref> == See more == * [[Koli dance]] * [[Koli clans and titles]] * [[Koli clans of Gujarat]] == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Koli, Caste}} [[Category:Koli| ]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Asia]] [[Category:People from Gujarat]] [[Category:People from Haryana]] [[Category:People from Himachal Pradesh]] [[Category:People from Jammu and Kashmir]] [[Category:People from Karnataka]] [[Category:People from Maharashtra]] [[Category:People from Odisha]] [[Category:People from Rajasthan]] [[Category:People from Uttar Pradesh]] gvdxrnrgpq2rn3z9wy5jv9daw20uvzd 0 1116258 10367651 10367489 2025-07-02T13:06:31Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: Remove 1 notification (When checking links to [[Koli caste]]) 10367651 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Nana Farari''' was a [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[revolutionary]] (later turned as [[Koli caste#Koli pirates|Dacoit]]) from [[Mumbai|Bombay State]] (now [[Maharashtra]]) who fought against the [[British Raj|British]] rule in [[India]] during [[Indian independence movement]] in 1947.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Puniyani |first=Ram |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S0qWTxjASKAC&dq=Nana+Farari&pg=PA451 |title=The Politics Behind Anti Christian Violence: A Compilation of Investigation Committee Reports Into Acts of Violence Against the Christian Minorities |date=2006 |publisher=Media House |isbn=978-81-7495-237-0 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=451 |language=en}}</ref> {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = Bandkari | name = Nana Farari | native_name = नाना फरारी | native_name_lang = Hi | other_names = ''Nana Bandkari'' | birth_name = Nana Farari | birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]] | death_date = 1947 | death_place = Toragaon, [[Bombay State]], [[India]] | death_cause = Shot to dead | nationality = [[India]]n | occupation = [[Agriculturist]] | years_active = 1945 - 1947 | era = [[British Raj|British era]] | movement = [[Indian independence movement]] | criminal_charges = [[Dacoity]], [[Plundering]], [[Blackmailing]], [[Threatening]], [[Murder]] | criminal_penalty = Shot to dead | criminal_status = [[Encounter]] }} == Early life == Nana Ferrari was born in a [[Koli rebellion|Koli]] family of Maharashtra and even today stories of Nana Ferrari can be heard in [[Dharampur, Gujarat|Dharampur]], [[Surgana]] and [[Peint|Peth]] towns of Maharashtra and [[Gujarat]].{{sfn|Puniyani|2006|pp=451|ps=}} == History == Nana Farari took active part in Indian independence movement but after [[independence of India]] in 1947, Nana Farari continued his [[Koli rebellions|rebellion]]. Nana Farari took up arms against [[hoarding]] and malsaji [[Sahukar|Sahukars]] and [[Loan|Moneylenders]], due to which in October 1947, Nana Farrari had cut off the nose and ears of the people from trading communities such as [[Bania (caste)|Bania]], [[Parsis|Parsi]] and [[Teli]], due to which the Bombay State (present days Maharashtra) government declared Nana Farari as a dacoit despite revolutionary status in public.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hattan |first1=J. H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WncvZiFSOywC&q=%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80 |title=Bharat Mein Jatipratha (Swarup, Karma, Aur Uttpati) |last2=Singh |first2=Mangalnath |date=2007 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publisher |isbn=978-81-208-2211-5 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=308 |language=hi}}</ref> After this, For several months, Bombay state Police used to search Nana in [[Nashik district|Nashik]] and [[Trimbak]] to catch Nana Farari<ref>{{Cite book |last=Office |first=Great Britain India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6BXIAAAAMAAJ |title=East India (progress and Condition). |date=1932 |publisher=[[India Office]] |location=New Delhi, India, [[Asia]] |pages=548 |language=en}}</ref> and one day in battle with police force, Nana Ferrari was killed in an encounter in Toragaon village.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dept |first1=India Home |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KyxjAAAAIAAJ |title=India in the Years ... |last2=Information |first2=India Bureau of Public |date=1932 |publisher=Superintendent Government Print, India |location=New Delhi, India |pages=547–548 |language=en}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Koli people]] 33n00nthvb5eiqctxa6xoy1bsq393hg 10369351 10367651 2025-07-03T10:26:07Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: Reminder of an inactive anchor: [[Koli caste#Koli pirates|Dacoit]] 10369351 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Nana Farari''' was a [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[revolutionary]] (later turned as [[Koli caste#Koli pirates|Dacoit]]{{Broken anchor|date=2025-07-03|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Koli caste#Koli pirates|reason= The anchor (Koli pirates) [[Special:Diff/10369348|has been deleted]].|diff_id=10369348}}) from [[Mumbai|Bombay State]] (now [[Maharashtra]]) who fought against the [[British Raj|British]] rule in [[India]] during [[Indian independence movement]] in 1947.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Puniyani |first=Ram |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S0qWTxjASKAC&dq=Nana+Farari&pg=PA451 |title=The Politics Behind Anti Christian Violence: A Compilation of Investigation Committee Reports Into Acts of Violence Against the Christian Minorities |date=2006 |publisher=Media House |isbn=978-81-7495-237-0 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=451 |language=en}}</ref> {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = Bandkari | name = Nana Farari | native_name = नाना फरारी | native_name_lang = Hi | other_names = ''Nana Bandkari'' | birth_name = Nana Farari | birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]] | death_date = 1947 | death_place = Toragaon, [[Bombay State]], [[India]] | death_cause = Shot to dead | nationality = [[India]]n | occupation = [[Agriculturist]] | years_active = 1945 - 1947 | era = [[British Raj|British era]] | movement = [[Indian independence movement]] | criminal_charges = [[Dacoity]], [[Plundering]], [[Blackmailing]], [[Threatening]], [[Murder]] | criminal_penalty = Shot to dead | criminal_status = [[Encounter]] }} == Early life == Nana Ferrari was born in a [[Koli rebellion|Koli]] family of Maharashtra and even today stories of Nana Ferrari can be heard in [[Dharampur, Gujarat|Dharampur]], [[Surgana]] and [[Peint|Peth]] towns of Maharashtra and [[Gujarat]].{{sfn|Puniyani|2006|pp=451|ps=}} == History == Nana Farari took active part in Indian independence movement but after [[independence of India]] in 1947, Nana Farari continued his [[Koli rebellions|rebellion]]. Nana Farari took up arms against [[hoarding]] and malsaji [[Sahukar|Sahukars]] and [[Loan|Moneylenders]], due to which in October 1947, Nana Farrari had cut off the nose and ears of the people from trading communities such as [[Bania (caste)|Bania]], [[Parsis|Parsi]] and [[Teli]], due to which the Bombay State (present days Maharashtra) government declared Nana Farari as a dacoit despite revolutionary status in public.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hattan |first1=J. H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WncvZiFSOywC&q=%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80 |title=Bharat Mein Jatipratha (Swarup, Karma, Aur Uttpati) |last2=Singh |first2=Mangalnath |date=2007 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publisher |isbn=978-81-208-2211-5 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=308 |language=hi}}</ref> After this, For several months, Bombay state Police used to search Nana in [[Nashik district|Nashik]] and [[Trimbak]] to catch Nana Farari<ref>{{Cite book |last=Office |first=Great Britain India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6BXIAAAAMAAJ |title=East India (progress and Condition). |date=1932 |publisher=[[India Office]] |location=New Delhi, India, [[Asia]] |pages=548 |language=en}}</ref> and one day in battle with police force, Nana Ferrari was killed in an encounter in Toragaon village.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dept |first1=India Home |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KyxjAAAAIAAJ |title=India in the Years ... |last2=Information |first2=India Bureau of Public |date=1932 |publisher=Superintendent Government Print, India |location=New Delhi, India |pages=547–548 |language=en}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Koli people]] qydnoln7uls5vpuuo3qawiaj5lu8pop 10369358 10369351 2025-07-03T10:32:05Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: Remove 1 notification (When checking links to [[Koli caste]]) 10369358 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Nana Farari''' was a [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[revolutionary]] (later turned as [[Koli caste#Koli pirates|Dacoit]]) from [[Mumbai|Bombay State]] (now [[Maharashtra]]) who fought against the [[British Raj|British]] rule in [[India]] during [[Indian independence movement]] in 1947.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Puniyani |first=Ram |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S0qWTxjASKAC&dq=Nana+Farari&pg=PA451 |title=The Politics Behind Anti Christian Violence: A Compilation of Investigation Committee Reports Into Acts of Violence Against the Christian Minorities |date=2006 |publisher=Media House |isbn=978-81-7495-237-0 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=451 |language=en}}</ref> {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = Bandkari | name = Nana Farari | native_name = नाना फरारी | native_name_lang = Hi | other_names = ''Nana Bandkari'' | birth_name = Nana Farari | birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]] | death_date = 1947 | death_place = Toragaon, [[Bombay State]], [[India]] | death_cause = Shot to dead | nationality = [[India]]n | occupation = [[Agriculturist]] | years_active = 1945 - 1947 | era = [[British Raj|British era]] | movement = [[Indian independence movement]] | criminal_charges = [[Dacoity]], [[Plundering]], [[Blackmailing]], [[Threatening]], [[Murder]] | criminal_penalty = Shot to dead | criminal_status = [[Encounter]] }} == Early life == Nana Ferrari was born in a [[Koli rebellion|Koli]] family of Maharashtra and even today stories of Nana Ferrari can be heard in [[Dharampur, Gujarat|Dharampur]], [[Surgana]] and [[Peint|Peth]] towns of Maharashtra and [[Gujarat]].{{sfn|Puniyani|2006|pp=451|ps=}} == History == Nana Farari took active part in Indian independence movement but after [[independence of India]] in 1947, Nana Farari continued his [[Koli rebellions|rebellion]]. Nana Farari took up arms against [[hoarding]] and malsaji [[Sahukar|Sahukars]] and [[Loan|Moneylenders]], due to which in October 1947, Nana Farrari had cut off the nose and ears of the people from trading communities such as [[Bania (caste)|Bania]], [[Parsis|Parsi]] and [[Teli]], due to which the Bombay State (present days Maharashtra) government declared Nana Farari as a dacoit despite revolutionary status in public.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hattan |first1=J. H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WncvZiFSOywC&q=%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80 |title=Bharat Mein Jatipratha (Swarup, Karma, Aur Uttpati) |last2=Singh |first2=Mangalnath |date=2007 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publisher |isbn=978-81-208-2211-5 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=308 |language=hi}}</ref> After this, For several months, Bombay state Police used to search Nana in [[Nashik district|Nashik]] and [[Trimbak]] to catch Nana Farari<ref>{{Cite book |last=Office |first=Great Britain India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6BXIAAAAMAAJ |title=East India (progress and Condition). |date=1932 |publisher=[[India Office]] |location=New Delhi, India, [[Asia]] |pages=548 |language=en}}</ref> and one day in battle with police force, Nana Ferrari was killed in an encounter in Toragaon village.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dept |first1=India Home |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KyxjAAAAIAAJ |title=India in the Years ... |last2=Information |first2=India Bureau of Public |date=1932 |publisher=Superintendent Government Print, India |location=New Delhi, India |pages=547–548 |language=en}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Koli people]] 33n00nthvb5eiqctxa6xoy1bsq393hg 0 1116265 10367549 10363383 2025-07-02T11:59:38Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: #Clans (Gotra)→most alike anchor [[Koli clans and titles#Clans]] 10367549 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Shilkande Koli''', or '''Shelkande Koli''' and '''Shilkunda Koli''' is a [[Koli clans and titles#Clans|clan]] of [[Koli caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of the [[Maharashtra]] and neighbouring Territories.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=99 - 100: Clans of Mahadev Kolis of Maharashtra: Kadam, Rongate, Shilkande, Sabale, Joshi, Mane, Kavale, Pore |language=en}}</ref> The Shilkunda Kolis revolted against [[Peshwa]] ([[Prime Minister of India|Prime minister]] of [[Maratha Empire]]) because of their [[land rights]] and cutoff the head of [[Patil (title)|Patil]] of Chovisi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=104 |language=en}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Madras_journal_of_literature_and_sci/P1lKAAAAcAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Silkunda&pg=PA270&printsec=frontcover The Madras journal of literature and science, Volume 5] [[Category:Koli clans]] 0n2glxf9ev4nslw92l1byy9oob9tpn2 10367571 10367549 2025-07-02T12:08:23Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: Reminder of an inactive anchor: [[Koli clans and titles#Clans|clan]] 10367571 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Shilkande Koli''', or '''Shelkande Koli''' and '''Shilkunda Koli''' is a [[Koli clans and titles#Clans|clan]]{{Broken anchor|date=2025-07-02|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Koli clans and titles#Clans|reason=Anchor "Koli clans and titles#Clans" links to a specific web page: "Clan". The anchor (Clans) [[Special:Diff/10367568|has been deleted]].|diff_id=10367568}} of [[Koli caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of the [[Maharashtra]] and neighbouring Territories.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=99 - 100: Clans of Mahadev Kolis of Maharashtra: Kadam, Rongate, Shilkande, Sabale, Joshi, Mane, Kavale, Pore |language=en}}</ref> The Shilkunda Kolis revolted against [[Peshwa]] ([[Prime Minister of India|Prime minister]] of [[Maratha Empire]]) because of their [[land rights]] and cutoff the head of [[Patil (title)|Patil]] of Chovisi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=104 |language=en}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Madras_journal_of_literature_and_sci/P1lKAAAAcAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Silkunda&pg=PA270&printsec=frontcover The Madras journal of literature and science, Volume 5] [[Category:Koli clans]] 5n3q0co65c45up7y3qlr6l3st3sf76s 10367581 10367571 2025-07-02T12:10:29Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: Remove 1 notification (When checking links to [[Koli clans and titles]]) 10367581 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Shilkande Koli''', or '''Shelkande Koli''' and '''Shilkunda Koli''' is a [[Koli clans and titles#Clans|clan]] of [[Koli caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of the [[Maharashtra]] and neighbouring Territories.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=99 - 100: Clans of Mahadev Kolis of Maharashtra: Kadam, Rongate, Shilkande, Sabale, Joshi, Mane, Kavale, Pore |language=en}}</ref> The Shilkunda Kolis revolted against [[Peshwa]] ([[Prime Minister of India|Prime minister]] of [[Maratha Empire]]) because of their [[land rights]] and cutoff the head of [[Patil (title)|Patil]] of Chovisi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=104 |language=en}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Madras_journal_of_literature_and_sci/P1lKAAAAcAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Silkunda&pg=PA270&printsec=frontcover The Madras journal of literature and science, Volume 5] [[Category:Koli clans]] 0n2glxf9ev4nslw92l1byy9oob9tpn2 0 1116276 10367550 10363344 2025-07-02T11:59:43Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: #Clans (Gotra)→most alike anchor [[Koli clans and titles#Clans]] 10367550 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Popere Koli''', or '''Popera Koli''' is a [[Koli clans and titles#Clans|clan]] of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=10–266 |language=en}}</ref> {{Infobox tribe|surnames={{Main|Koli clans and titles#Clans (Upadhi)}}|religion=[[Hinduism]]|language=*[[Koli language]] *[[Gujarati]] *[[Hindi]] *[[English language|English]]|branches=*Popere Koli *Popera Koli|demonym=[[Koli caste|Koli]]|parent_tribe=Kolis of Maharashtra|name=Popere Koli|local name=पोपेरे कोळी|type=Clan (Gotra) of Koli caste|ethnicity=[[Koli caste]]|location=*[[Maharashtra]] *[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]}} The ruling [[Koli rebellion|Koli]] [[dynasty]] of [[Jawhar State]] belong to the Popere [[Koli Patel|clan]] of [[Mahadev Kolis|Mahadev]] [[Koli rebellion against Maratha empire|Kolis]] of [[Konkan]] who established the rule over [[Jawhar]] in 1346 by Koli chief [[Jayaba Mukne|Jayaba Popere]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Shibani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=29 |language=en}}</ref> They are [[Agriculture|Agriculturist]] and noted for the militant spirit.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ralte |first1=Lalrinawmi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CGYXb4sksawC&dq=Popera+Koli&pg=PA180 |title=Waging Peace, Building a World in which Life Matters: Festschrift to Honour Gabriele Dietrich |last2=Faria |first2=Stella |date=2004 |publisher=[[ISPCK]] |isbn=978-81-7214-798-3 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=179–180 |language=en}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Koli, Popere}} [[Category:Koli clans]] lv2tw2hu445cb1a4n11pdg7rpbhkpdw 10367572 10367550 2025-07-02T12:08:28Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: Reminder of an inactive anchor: [[Koli clans and titles#Clans|clan]] 10367572 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Popere Koli''', or '''Popera Koli''' is a [[Koli clans and titles#Clans|clan]]{{Broken anchor|date=2025-07-02|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Koli clans and titles#Clans|reason=Anchor "Koli clans and titles#Clans" links to a specific web page: "Clan". The anchor (Clans) [[Special:Diff/10367568|has been deleted]].|diff_id=10367568}} of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=10–266 |language=en}}</ref> {{Infobox tribe|surnames={{Main|Koli clans and titles#Clans (Upadhi)}}|religion=[[Hinduism]]|language=*[[Koli language]] *[[Gujarati]] *[[Hindi]] *[[English language|English]]|branches=*Popere Koli *Popera Koli|demonym=[[Koli caste|Koli]]|parent_tribe=Kolis of Maharashtra|name=Popere Koli|local name=पोपेरे कोळी|type=Clan (Gotra) of Koli caste|ethnicity=[[Koli caste]]|location=*[[Maharashtra]] *[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]}} The ruling [[Koli rebellion|Koli]] [[dynasty]] of [[Jawhar State]] belong to the Popere [[Koli Patel|clan]] of [[Mahadev Kolis|Mahadev]] [[Koli rebellion against Maratha empire|Kolis]] of [[Konkan]] who established the rule over [[Jawhar]] in 1346 by Koli chief [[Jayaba Mukne|Jayaba Popere]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Shibani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=29 |language=en}}</ref> They are [[Agriculture|Agriculturist]] and noted for the militant spirit.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ralte |first1=Lalrinawmi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CGYXb4sksawC&dq=Popera+Koli&pg=PA180 |title=Waging Peace, Building a World in which Life Matters: Festschrift to Honour Gabriele Dietrich |last2=Faria |first2=Stella |date=2004 |publisher=[[ISPCK]] |isbn=978-81-7214-798-3 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=179–180 |language=en}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Koli, Popere}} [[Category:Koli clans]] 8x1v453go9voa75va6dvno8rqmsdyi5 10367583 10367572 2025-07-02T12:10:34Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: Remove 1 notification (When checking links to [[Koli clans and titles]]) 10367583 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Popere Koli''', or '''Popera Koli''' is a [[Koli clans and titles#Clans|clan]] of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=10–266 |language=en}}</ref> {{Infobox tribe|surnames={{Main|Koli clans and titles#Clans (Upadhi)}}|religion=[[Hinduism]]|language=*[[Koli language]] *[[Gujarati]] *[[Hindi]] *[[English language|English]]|branches=*Popere Koli *Popera Koli|demonym=[[Koli caste|Koli]]|parent_tribe=Kolis of Maharashtra|name=Popere Koli|local name=पोपेरे कोळी|type=Clan (Gotra) of Koli caste|ethnicity=[[Koli caste]]|location=*[[Maharashtra]] *[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]}} The ruling [[Koli rebellion|Koli]] [[dynasty]] of [[Jawhar State]] belong to the Popere [[Koli Patel|clan]] of [[Mahadev Kolis|Mahadev]] [[Koli rebellion against Maratha empire|Kolis]] of [[Konkan]] who established the rule over [[Jawhar]] in 1346 by Koli chief [[Jayaba Mukne|Jayaba Popere]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Shibani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=29 |language=en}}</ref> They are [[Agriculture|Agriculturist]] and noted for the militant spirit.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ralte |first1=Lalrinawmi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CGYXb4sksawC&dq=Popera+Koli&pg=PA180 |title=Waging Peace, Building a World in which Life Matters: Festschrift to Honour Gabriele Dietrich |last2=Faria |first2=Stella |date=2004 |publisher=[[ISPCK]] |isbn=978-81-7214-798-3 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=179–180 |language=en}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Koli, Popere}} [[Category:Koli clans]] lv2tw2hu445cb1a4n11pdg7rpbhkpdw 0 1116279 10367551 10363385 2025-07-02T11:59:48Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: #Clans (Gotra)→most alike anchor [[Koli clans and titles#Clans]] 10367551 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Sonavane Koli''', or '''Sonawane Koli''' (also spelled as '''Sonvane Koli''' and '''Sonwane Koli''') is a [[Koli clans and titles#Clans|clan]] of [[Koli caste|Koli]] caste found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=97 - 100: Clans of Mahadev Kolis: Sonavane, Bhangare, Ashvale, Shinghade, Mali, Shelar |language=en}}</ref> == See also == * [[Bhangare Koli|Bhangare]] == References == {{Reflist}} {{stub}} [[Category:Koli clans]] r22m3byzghbniof02akhuhmzcia8gs9 10367573 10367551 2025-07-02T12:08:33Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: Reminder of an inactive anchor: [[Koli clans and titles#Clans|clan]] 10367573 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Sonavane Koli''', or '''Sonawane Koli''' (also spelled as '''Sonvane Koli''' and '''Sonwane Koli''') is a [[Koli clans and titles#Clans|clan]]{{Broken anchor|date=2025-07-02|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Koli clans and titles#Clans|reason=Anchor "Koli clans and titles#Clans" links to a specific web page: "Clan". The anchor (Clans) [[Special:Diff/10367568|has been deleted]].|diff_id=10367568}} of [[Koli caste|Koli]] caste found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=97 - 100: Clans of Mahadev Kolis: Sonavane, Bhangare, Ashvale, Shinghade, Mali, Shelar |language=en}}</ref> == See also == * [[Bhangare Koli|Bhangare]] == References == {{Reflist}} {{stub}} [[Category:Koli clans]] nu37apkfx37arbduekkzb36uk83xobz 10367584 10367573 2025-07-02T12:10:39Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: Remove 1 notification (When checking links to [[Koli clans and titles]]) 10367584 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Sonavane Koli''', or '''Sonawane Koli''' (also spelled as '''Sonvane Koli''' and '''Sonwane Koli''') is a [[Koli clans and titles#Clans|clan]] of [[Koli caste|Koli]] caste found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=97 - 100: Clans of Mahadev Kolis: Sonavane, Bhangare, Ashvale, Shinghade, Mali, Shelar |language=en}}</ref> == See also == * [[Bhangare Koli|Bhangare]] == References == {{Reflist}} {{stub}} [[Category:Koli clans]] r22m3byzghbniof02akhuhmzcia8gs9 0 1116311 10367552 10363244 2025-07-02T11:59:53Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: #Clans (Gotra)→most alike anchor [[Koli clans and titles#Clans]] 10367552 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Bambale Koli''', or '''Bamble Koli'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Hardiman |first1=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EsfAQAAIAAJ |title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India |last2=Hardiman |first2=Professor of History David |date=1996 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-563956-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=226–232 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[Koli clans and titles#Clans|clan]] of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=97: Clans of Mahadev Kolis: Bambale, Bharmal, Bhojane, Gengje, Langhi, Tambekar, Umbhare |language=en}}</ref> Bambale Kolis served in [[Maratha Empire]] and were received the grants of the [[Jagir|Jagirs]] by [[Peshwa]] [[Madhavrao I]] in 1769 - 70.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gāre |first=Govinda |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vZciAAAAMAAJ |title=Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis |date=1976 |publisher=Shubhada Saraswat |location=New Delhi, India |pages=26: Bamble |language=en}}</ref> Bambale Kolis served at good positions Such as [[Koli clans and titles#Koli Patil|Patil]], [[Koli clans and titles#Koli Mansabdar|Mansabdar]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Frederick Bruce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9dmbS_n9UEC |title=Adaptation to Colonial Rule by the "wild Tribes" of the Bombay Deccan, 1818-1880: From Political Competition to Social Banditry |date=1978 |publisher=[[University of Minnesota]] |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=256 |language=en}}</ref> and Nayak<ref name=":0" /> in [[Maratha Empire]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=109–120 |language=en}}</ref> == Notable == * [[Javji Bamble]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yang |first=Anand A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DroEAQAAIAAJ |title=Crime and Criminality in British India |date=1985 |publisher=[[Association for Asian Studies]] |isbn=978-0-8165-0951-5 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=174: The best example is the career of a Koli named [[Javji Bamble]] , who was appointed [[Mansabdar]] after playing Nana Fadnavis off against Tukoji Holkar in the 1770s |language=en}}</ref> [[Mansabdar]] of [[Rajur]] == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Koli clans]] {{stub}} dj6vopt1wscjmwst91o62646qkq4ryl 10367574 10367552 2025-07-02T12:08:38Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: Reminder of an inactive anchor: [[Koli clans and titles#Clans|clan]], Reminder of an inactive anchor: [[Koli clans and titles#Koli Patil|Patil]], Reminder of an inactive anchor: [[Koli clans and titles#Koli Mansabdar|Mansabdar]] 10367574 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Bambale Koli''', or '''Bamble Koli'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Hardiman |first1=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EsfAQAAIAAJ |title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India |last2=Hardiman |first2=Professor of History David |date=1996 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-563956-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=226–232 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[Koli clans and titles#Clans|clan]]{{Broken anchor|date=2025-07-02|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Koli clans and titles#Clans|reason=Anchor "Koli clans and titles#Clans" links to a specific web page: "Clan". The anchor (Clans) [[Special:Diff/10367568|has been deleted]].|diff_id=10367568}} of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=97: Clans of Mahadev Kolis: Bambale, Bharmal, Bhojane, Gengje, Langhi, Tambekar, Umbhare |language=en}}</ref> Bambale Kolis served in [[Maratha Empire]] and were received the grants of the [[Jagir|Jagirs]] by [[Peshwa]] [[Madhavrao I]] in 1769 - 70.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gāre |first=Govinda |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vZciAAAAMAAJ |title=Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis |date=1976 |publisher=Shubhada Saraswat |location=New Delhi, India |pages=26: Bamble |language=en}}</ref> Bambale Kolis served at good positions Such as [[Koli clans and titles#Koli Patil|Patil]]{{Broken anchor|date=2025-07-02|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Koli clans and titles#Koli Patil|reason= The anchor (Koli Patil) [[Special:Diff/10367568|has been deleted]].|diff_id=10367568}}, [[Koli clans and titles#Koli Mansabdar|Mansabdar]]{{Broken anchor|date=2025-07-02|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Koli clans and titles#Koli Mansabdar|reason= The anchor (Koli Mansabdar) [[Special:Diff/10367568|has been deleted]].|diff_id=10367568}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Frederick Bruce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9dmbS_n9UEC |title=Adaptation to Colonial Rule by the "wild Tribes" of the Bombay Deccan, 1818-1880: From Political Competition to Social Banditry |date=1978 |publisher=[[University of Minnesota]] |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=256 |language=en}}</ref> and Nayak<ref name=":0" /> in [[Maratha Empire]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=109–120 |language=en}}</ref> == Notable == * [[Javji Bamble]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yang |first=Anand A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DroEAQAAIAAJ |title=Crime and Criminality in British India |date=1985 |publisher=[[Association for Asian Studies]] |isbn=978-0-8165-0951-5 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=174: The best example is the career of a Koli named [[Javji Bamble]] , who was appointed [[Mansabdar]] after playing Nana Fadnavis off against Tukoji Holkar in the 1770s |language=en}}</ref> [[Mansabdar]] of [[Rajur]] == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Koli clans]] {{stub}} 6csip7ikqk8qo12hktrxrsmcqtm0a1r 10367585 10367574 2025-07-02T12:10:44Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: Remove 2 notifications (When checking links to [[Koli clans and titles]]) 10367585 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Bambale Koli''', or '''Bamble Koli'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Hardiman |first1=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EsfAQAAIAAJ |title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India |last2=Hardiman |first2=Professor of History David |date=1996 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-563956-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=226–232 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[Koli clans and titles#Clans|clan]]{{Broken anchor|date=2025-07-02|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Koli clans and titles#Clans|reason=Anchor "Koli clans and titles#Clans" links to a specific web page: "Clan". The anchor (Clans) [[Special:Diff/10367568|has been deleted]].|diff_id=10367568}} of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=97: Clans of Mahadev Kolis: Bambale, Bharmal, Bhojane, Gengje, Langhi, Tambekar, Umbhare |language=en}}</ref> Bambale Kolis served in [[Maratha Empire]] and were received the grants of the [[Jagir|Jagirs]] by [[Peshwa]] [[Madhavrao I]] in 1769 - 70.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gāre |first=Govinda |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vZciAAAAMAAJ |title=Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis |date=1976 |publisher=Shubhada Saraswat |location=New Delhi, India |pages=26: Bamble |language=en}}</ref> Bambale Kolis served at good positions Such as [[Koli clans and titles#Koli Patil|Patil]], [[Koli clans and titles#Koli Mansabdar|Mansabdar]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Frederick Bruce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9dmbS_n9UEC |title=Adaptation to Colonial Rule by the "wild Tribes" of the Bombay Deccan, 1818-1880: From Political Competition to Social Banditry |date=1978 |publisher=[[University of Minnesota]] |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=256 |language=en}}</ref> and Nayak<ref name=":0" /> in [[Maratha Empire]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=109–120 |language=en}}</ref> == Notable == * [[Javji Bamble]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yang |first=Anand A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DroEAQAAIAAJ |title=Crime and Criminality in British India |date=1985 |publisher=[[Association for Asian Studies]] |isbn=978-0-8165-0951-5 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=174: The best example is the career of a Koli named [[Javji Bamble]] , who was appointed [[Mansabdar]] after playing Nana Fadnavis off against Tukoji Holkar in the 1770s |language=en}}</ref> [[Mansabdar]] of [[Rajur]] == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Koli clans]] {{stub}} ndwkxgice02r9xp2gxjbzklxe61rwv4 0 1116323 10369352 10367527 2025-07-03T10:26:13Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: Reminder of an inactive anchor: [[Koli caste#Koli pirates|Dacoits]] 10369352 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Dhor Koli'''<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Tribhuwan |first1=Robin D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dS3n_NRSO40C&dq=Dhor+Koli&pg=PA13 |title=Tribal Masks and Myths |last2=Savelli |first2=Laurence |date=2003 |publisher=Discovery Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7141-636-3 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=13–14 |language=en}}</ref> also known as '''Tokre Koli''', or '''Tokare Koli''' is a subcaste of the [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[Koli people|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian states]] of [[Maharashtra]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Chahel |first=Paramjot Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JEjnCgAAQBAJ&dq=Dhor+Koli&pg=PT42 |title=Undisclosed Facts of Tribal Life |date=2015-10-30 |publisher=[[Partridge Publishing]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-4828-3834-3 |location=New Delhi, India |language=en}}</ref> [[Gujarat]],<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Mehta |first1=Prakash Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kiGxqYK0GwUC&dq=Dhor+Koli&pg=PA100 |title=Cultural Heritage of Indian Tribes |last2=Mehta |first2=Sonu |date=2007 |publisher=Discovery Publishing House |isbn=978-81-8356-327-7 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=100 |language=en}}</ref> [[Karnataka]]<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Jun 25 |first1=Naheed Ataulla / Updated |last2=2017 |last3=Ist |first3=06:58 |title=presidential election 2017: Koli community hopeful of getting ST tag in Karnataka {{!}} Bengaluru News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/koli-community-hopeful-of-getting-st-tag-in-karnataka/articleshow/59305521.cms |access-date=2022-04-22 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> and [[Rajasthan]].<ref name=":2" /> They are well known as the [[Koli caste#Koli pirates|Dacoits]]{{Broken anchor|date=2025-07-03|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Koli caste#Koli pirates|reason= The anchor (Koli pirates) [[Special:Diff/10369348|has been deleted]].|diff_id=10369348}} and [[Looting|plunderers]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Prasad |first=R. R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TmDRNTYw49EC&dq=Dhor+Koli&pg=PA74 |title=Encyclopaedic Profile of Indian Tribes |date=1996 |publisher=Discovery Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7141-298-3 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=73–75 |language=en}}</ref> Dhor [[Koli clans and titles|Kolis]] are [[bamboo]] cutters by profession.<ref name=":1" /> == Origin and distribution == The Dhor Kolis also drived their name from the [[Kannada]] word ''Dodda'' which mean big and they also known as Tokre Kolis because they were [[Bamboo]] cutter.<ref name=":0" /> They are distributed in the [[Nashik district|Nashik]], [[Thane district|Thane]] and [[Mumbai|Greater Mumbai]] [[List of districts of Maharashtra|districts]] of Maharashtra and also found in [[Surat district|Surat]] and [[Dang district, India|Dang]] [[List of districts of Gujarat|districts]] of Gujarat.<ref name=":0" /> == Clans == The Dhor Kolis are divided into several clans. Here a some of their prominent clans;,<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Kumar Suresh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BsBEgVa804IC&dq=Dhor+Koli&pg=PA1086 |title=Maharashtra |last2=Bhanu |first2=B. V. |last3=India |first3=Anthropological Survey of |date=2004 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7991-101-3 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=1087 |language=en}}</ref> * Ambekar * [[Pawar (surname)|Pawar]] * Pardhi * Arde * Sapta * Misal * Padkar * Khanya * [[Chowdhury|Chaudhary]] * [[Gaekwad]] * Ghatal * [[Gavit]] * Kordha * Shingade * Boke * [[Jadhav]] * Pum * Radheli * Bhage == Classification == The Dhor Kolis are classified as a [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Schedule Tribe]] by the [[Government of Karnataka]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karnataka State Tribal Welfare |url=http://kstrimysuru.in/page/stlist |access-date=2022-04-22 |website=kstrimysuru.in |archive-date=2019-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229152929/http://kstrimysuru.in/page/stlist |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Government of Maharashtra|Maharashtra]], [[Government of Gujarat|Gujarat]], and [[Government of Rajasthan|Rajasthan]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=PART - III |url=http://www.rajsec.rajasthan.gov.in/secraj/panchayat/PART3.2.htm |access-date=2022-04-22 |website=www.rajsec.rajasthan.gov.in}}</ref> states of [[India]]. == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Koli subcastes]] bmlbvqkz30cd9845kzyhqgwh7lexwke 10369359 10369352 2025-07-03T10:32:10Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: Remove 1 notification (When checking links to [[Koli caste]]) 10369359 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Dhor Koli'''<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Tribhuwan |first1=Robin D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dS3n_NRSO40C&dq=Dhor+Koli&pg=PA13 |title=Tribal Masks and Myths |last2=Savelli |first2=Laurence |date=2003 |publisher=Discovery Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7141-636-3 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=13–14 |language=en}}</ref> also known as '''Tokre Koli''', or '''Tokare Koli''' is a subcaste of the [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[Koli people|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian states]] of [[Maharashtra]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Chahel |first=Paramjot Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JEjnCgAAQBAJ&dq=Dhor+Koli&pg=PT42 |title=Undisclosed Facts of Tribal Life |date=2015-10-30 |publisher=[[Partridge Publishing]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-4828-3834-3 |location=New Delhi, India |language=en}}</ref> [[Gujarat]],<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Mehta |first1=Prakash Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kiGxqYK0GwUC&dq=Dhor+Koli&pg=PA100 |title=Cultural Heritage of Indian Tribes |last2=Mehta |first2=Sonu |date=2007 |publisher=Discovery Publishing House |isbn=978-81-8356-327-7 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=100 |language=en}}</ref> [[Karnataka]]<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Jun 25 |first1=Naheed Ataulla / Updated |last2=2017 |last3=Ist |first3=06:58 |title=presidential election 2017: Koli community hopeful of getting ST tag in Karnataka {{!}} Bengaluru News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/koli-community-hopeful-of-getting-st-tag-in-karnataka/articleshow/59305521.cms |access-date=2022-04-22 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> and [[Rajasthan]].<ref name=":2" /> They are well known as the [[Koli caste#Koli pirates|Dacoits]] and [[Looting|plunderers]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Prasad |first=R. R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TmDRNTYw49EC&dq=Dhor+Koli&pg=PA74 |title=Encyclopaedic Profile of Indian Tribes |date=1996 |publisher=Discovery Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7141-298-3 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=73–75 |language=en}}</ref> Dhor [[Koli clans and titles|Kolis]] are [[bamboo]] cutters by profession.<ref name=":1" /> == Origin and distribution == The Dhor Kolis also drived their name from the [[Kannada]] word ''Dodda'' which mean big and they also known as Tokre Kolis because they were [[Bamboo]] cutter.<ref name=":0" /> They are distributed in the [[Nashik district|Nashik]], [[Thane district|Thane]] and [[Mumbai|Greater Mumbai]] [[List of districts of Maharashtra|districts]] of Maharashtra and also found in [[Surat district|Surat]] and [[Dang district, India|Dang]] [[List of districts of Gujarat|districts]] of Gujarat.<ref name=":0" /> == Clans == The Dhor Kolis are divided into several clans. Here a some of their prominent clans;,<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Kumar Suresh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BsBEgVa804IC&dq=Dhor+Koli&pg=PA1086 |title=Maharashtra |last2=Bhanu |first2=B. V. |last3=India |first3=Anthropological Survey of |date=2004 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7991-101-3 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=1087 |language=en}}</ref> * Ambekar * [[Pawar (surname)|Pawar]] * Pardhi * Arde * Sapta * Misal * Padkar * Khanya * [[Chowdhury|Chaudhary]] * [[Gaekwad]] * Ghatal * [[Gavit]] * Kordha * Shingade * Boke * [[Jadhav]] * Pum * Radheli * Bhage == Classification == The Dhor Kolis are classified as a [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Schedule Tribe]] by the [[Government of Karnataka]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karnataka State Tribal Welfare |url=http://kstrimysuru.in/page/stlist |access-date=2022-04-22 |website=kstrimysuru.in |archive-date=2019-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229152929/http://kstrimysuru.in/page/stlist |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Government of Maharashtra|Maharashtra]], [[Government of Gujarat|Gujarat]], and [[Government of Rajasthan|Rajasthan]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=PART - III |url=http://www.rajsec.rajasthan.gov.in/secraj/panchayat/PART3.2.htm |access-date=2022-04-22 |website=www.rajsec.rajasthan.gov.in}}</ref> states of [[India]]. == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Koli subcastes]] l2wmd2qvs9i13igeu9jn5hd7dp1hp0q 0 1116340 10369353 10367528 2025-07-03T10:26:18Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: Reminder of an inactive anchor: [[Koli caste#Koli pirates|pirates]] 10369353 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Shial Koli''', or '''Shiyal Koli''' is a [[Koli caste|clan]] of [[Koli clans and titles|Koli]] [[caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]]. They were noted [[Koli caste#Koli pirates|pirates]]{{Broken anchor|date=2025-07-03|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Koli caste#Koli pirates|reason= The anchor (Koli pirates) [[Special:Diff/10369348|has been deleted]].|diff_id=10369348}} of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Raymond Brady |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rs5JDwAAQBAJ&dq=Shials+Kolis&pg=PT94 |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |language=en}}</ref> Shial Kolis defeated and captured the Shial island from [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]] [[Portuguese India Armadas|India]] and make it their stronghold along with [[Chanch, Gujarat|Chanch]] but later they were defeated by [[Nawab]] of [[Janjira State|Janjira]] and [[Jafarabad State|Jafrabad]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Department |first=Great Britain Hydrographic |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jIZKh-zoF-0C&dq=Shial+Kolis&pg=PA36 |title=The West India Pilot |date=1987 |publisher=J. D. Potter. |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=36 |language=en}}</ref> during the [[World War I]], they were enlisted as soldiers in [[British Indian Army]] by [[British Raj|British Indian government]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Duk2AQAAMAAJ |title=A Short Record of Bombay Recruiting During the Great War |date=1919 |publisher=Printed at the Government Central Press |location=New Delhi, India |pages=17 |language=en}}</ref> == Origin == The Shial Kolis got their name from the Shial [[island]] situated at south coast of [[Kathiawar]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Campbell |first=James M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FAXGpcEdbfUC |title=Hindu Castes and Tribes of Gujurat |date=1988 |publisher=[[Vintage Books]] |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=245: Shiale |language=en}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Gazetteer_of_the_Bombay_Presidency/FRdUvnIAUKUC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Shial+Koli&pg=PA245&printsec=frontcover Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Volume 9] [[Category:Koli clans]] 5piv0kv0qozuq1bunbmk5humuofvavi 10369360 10369353 2025-07-03T10:32:15Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: Remove 1 notification (When checking links to [[Koli caste]]) 10369360 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Shial Koli''', or '''Shiyal Koli''' is a [[Koli caste|clan]] of [[Koli clans and titles|Koli]] [[caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]]. They were noted [[Koli caste#Koli pirates|pirates]] of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Raymond Brady |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rs5JDwAAQBAJ&dq=Shials+Kolis&pg=PT94 |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |language=en}}</ref> Shial Kolis defeated and captured the Shial island from [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]] [[Portuguese India Armadas|India]] and make it their stronghold along with [[Chanch, Gujarat|Chanch]] but later they were defeated by [[Nawab]] of [[Janjira State|Janjira]] and [[Jafarabad State|Jafrabad]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Department |first=Great Britain Hydrographic |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jIZKh-zoF-0C&dq=Shial+Kolis&pg=PA36 |title=The West India Pilot |date=1987 |publisher=J. D. Potter. |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=36 |language=en}}</ref> during the [[World War I]], they were enlisted as soldiers in [[British Indian Army]] by [[British Raj|British Indian government]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Duk2AQAAMAAJ |title=A Short Record of Bombay Recruiting During the Great War |date=1919 |publisher=Printed at the Government Central Press |location=New Delhi, India |pages=17 |language=en}}</ref> == Origin == The Shial Kolis got their name from the Shial [[island]] situated at south coast of [[Kathiawar]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Campbell |first=James M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FAXGpcEdbfUC |title=Hindu Castes and Tribes of Gujurat |date=1988 |publisher=[[Vintage Books]] |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=245: Shiale |language=en}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Gazetteer_of_the_Bombay_Presidency/FRdUvnIAUKUC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Shial+Koli&pg=PA245&printsec=frontcover Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Volume 9] [[Category:Koli clans]] l3apo2dpnzb4c2fxncb7xcs6wlm006t 0 1116366 10367553 10363374 2025-07-02T11:59:58Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: #Clans (Gotra)→most alike anchor [[Koli clans and titles#Clans]] 10367553 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Pattikar Koli''', or '''Patekar Koli''', '''Pattekar Koli''' and '''Patikar Koli''' is a [[Koli clans and titles#Clans|clan]] of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]] and neighbouring Territories.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=100: Clans of Mahadev Kolis of Maharashtra: Patekar, Padhole, Jadhav, Jadhav, Chaudhary, Gabale |language=en}}</ref> {{Infobox tribe|name=Pattikar Koli|local name=|type=Clan (Gotra) of Koli caste|ethnicity=[[Koli caste]]|location=*[[Maharashtra]] *[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]|varna=Agriculturist|parent_tribe=Kolis of Maharashtra|demonym=[[Koli caste|Koli]]|language=*[[Koli language]] *[[Marathi]] *[[Hindi]] *[[English language|English]]|branches=|religion=[[Hinduism]]|surnames=[[Koli clans and titles#Titles (Upadhi)]]}} In 1761, The Pattikar Kolis with the help of [[Bhangare Koli|Bhangare]] and [[Khade Kolis of Maharashtra|Khade]] [[Koli rebellion|Kolis]] captured the [[Forts in India|fort]] of [[Trimbak]] from [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]] [[Princely state|state]] and gave it to [[Peshwa]] ([[Prime Minister of India|Prime minister]]) of [[Maratha Empire]].{{sfn|Ghurye|1957|pp=12|ps=}} They were led by [[Kheroji Pattikar]] who was serving in [[Maratha Empire]] and was rewarded with grants of villages and a large sum of money.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=104 |language=en}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Koli clans]] gga8pdgt7ax1fly5gb3j2ri795yje9o 0 1116367 10369354 10367529 2025-07-03T10:26:23Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: Reminder of an inactive anchor: [[Koli caste#Koli pirates|piracy]] 10369354 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Khasia Koli''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singhji |first=Virbhadra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NYK7ZSpPzkUC&q=Khasia+Koli |title=The Rajputs of Saurashtra |date=1994 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7154-546-9 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=49: The Khasia Kolis near [[Mahuva]] or the [[Thakor|Koli - Thakarda]]s of Gujarat are same |language=en}}</ref> or '''Khasiya Koli'''<ref name=":0" /> is a [[Koli clans and titles|clan]] of the [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Dr. Shibani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=98: Clans of Kolis of Gujarat: Khamani, Khasia, Khambnani, Khomani, Khoraba, Gabu |language=en}}</ref> The Mahuva was the stronghold or controlled by Khasia [[Koli rebellion|Kolis]] but they were defeated by the [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]] Wakhatsinhji of [[Bhavnagar State]] and their controlled Territories of Mahuva, Kundla, [[Rajula]], [[Gadhada]] and [[Botad]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rajyagor |first=S. B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-0pAAAAAMAAJ |title=History of Gujarat |date=1982 |publisher=S. Chand Publications |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=378: Bhavnagar State under Vakhtsinhaji had conquered, [[Talaja]] from the [[Nawab]] of [[Khambhat]] and the strongholds of [[Mahuva]], Kundla , [[Rajula]], [[Gadhada]] and [[Botad]] from Khasia Kolis who were under nominal protection of Nawab of [[Junagadh]] |language=en}}</ref> Khasiya Kolis were pirates in Gujarat ocean and lived by [[Koli caste#Koli pirates|piracy]]{{Broken anchor|date=2025-07-03|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Koli caste#Koli pirates|reason= The anchor (Koli pirates) [[Special:Diff/10369348|has been deleted]].|diff_id=10369348}}.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z28LAAAAIAAJ |title=Folk-lore |date=1960 |publisher=Indian Publications |location=New Delhi, India |pages=241 |language=en}}</ref> == Origin == The Khasia Kolis of Gujarat got their name from Khas village in Ranpur [[Regions of Gujarat|region]] of [[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]] [[List of districts of Gujarat|district]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DQFnsgkrkG8C |title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India |date=1985 |publisher=Usha Publications |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=487 |language=en}}</ref> The Khasia Kolis around [[Mahuva, Bhavnagar|Mahuva]] in [[Gohelwar|Gohilwad]] district, had marital relations with [[Gohil dynasty|Gohils]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Shah |first1=A. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RY1uAAAAMAAJ |title=Division and Hierarchy: An Overview of Caste in Gujarat |last2=Desai |first2=Ishwarlal Pragji |date=1988 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7075-008-6 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=60 |language=en}}</ref> == Principalities == * [[Juna Padar]] and [[Shevdivadar]] were ruled by Kolis of Khasia clan<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c70MAAAAIAAJ&dq=Khasia+Koli&pg=PA706 |title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency ... |date=1884 |publisher=Printed at the Government Central Press |language=en}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Koli clans]] sig9usq2uw2u7dc6sdqgjazqebsuh1f 10369361 10369354 2025-07-03T10:32:20Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: Remove 1 notification (When checking links to [[Koli caste]]) 10369361 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Khasia Koli''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singhji |first=Virbhadra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NYK7ZSpPzkUC&q=Khasia+Koli |title=The Rajputs of Saurashtra |date=1994 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7154-546-9 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=49: The Khasia Kolis near [[Mahuva]] or the [[Thakor|Koli - Thakarda]]s of Gujarat are same |language=en}}</ref> or '''Khasiya Koli'''<ref name=":0" /> is a [[Koli clans and titles|clan]] of the [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Dr. Shibani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=98: Clans of Kolis of Gujarat: Khamani, Khasia, Khambnani, Khomani, Khoraba, Gabu |language=en}}</ref> The Mahuva was the stronghold or controlled by Khasia [[Koli rebellion|Kolis]] but they were defeated by the [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]] Wakhatsinhji of [[Bhavnagar State]] and their controlled Territories of Mahuva, Kundla, [[Rajula]], [[Gadhada]] and [[Botad]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rajyagor |first=S. B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-0pAAAAAMAAJ |title=History of Gujarat |date=1982 |publisher=S. Chand Publications |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=378: Bhavnagar State under Vakhtsinhaji had conquered, [[Talaja]] from the [[Nawab]] of [[Khambhat]] and the strongholds of [[Mahuva]], Kundla , [[Rajula]], [[Gadhada]] and [[Botad]] from Khasia Kolis who were under nominal protection of Nawab of [[Junagadh]] |language=en}}</ref> Khasiya Kolis were pirates in Gujarat ocean and lived by [[Koli caste#Koli pirates|piracy]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z28LAAAAIAAJ |title=Folk-lore |date=1960 |publisher=Indian Publications |location=New Delhi, India |pages=241 |language=en}}</ref> == Origin == The Khasia Kolis of Gujarat got their name from Khas village in Ranpur [[Regions of Gujarat|region]] of [[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]] [[List of districts of Gujarat|district]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DQFnsgkrkG8C |title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India |date=1985 |publisher=Usha Publications |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=487 |language=en}}</ref> The Khasia Kolis around [[Mahuva, Bhavnagar|Mahuva]] in [[Gohelwar|Gohilwad]] district, had marital relations with [[Gohil dynasty|Gohils]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Shah |first1=A. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RY1uAAAAMAAJ |title=Division and Hierarchy: An Overview of Caste in Gujarat |last2=Desai |first2=Ishwarlal Pragji |date=1988 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7075-008-6 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=60 |language=en}}</ref> == Principalities == * [[Juna Padar]] and [[Shevdivadar]] were ruled by Kolis of Khasia clan<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c70MAAAAIAAJ&dq=Khasia+Koli&pg=PA706 |title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency ... |date=1884 |publisher=Printed at the Government Central Press |language=en}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Koli clans]] th7cepxlhczxfsn9ujj4b87e1u3omvq 0 1116379 10369355 10367530 2025-07-03T10:26:28Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: Reminder of an inactive anchor: [[Koli caste#Koli pirates|dacoities]] 10369355 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Patanvadia Koli''',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Numbers on their side, Kolis call for a better deal - Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/numbers-on-their-side-kolis-call-for-a-better-deal/1027453/ |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref> or '''Patanwadia Koli'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U8s0aBdDxEQC&dq=patanwadia+koli&pg=PA121 |title=The Family in India: Critical Essays |date=1998 |publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]] |isbn=978-81-250-1306-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=221 |language=en}}</ref> and '''Patanvadiya Koli'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=Ghanshyam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Aou17T8KaEEC&dq=patanvadiya+koli&pg=PA297 |title=Caste and Democratic Politics in India |date=2004 |publisher=[[Permanent Black]] |isbn=978-81-7824-095-4 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=297 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[Caste|subcaste]] of the [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian State]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=A community called Koli - Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/a-community-called-koli------------------------/214908/ |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ambedkar |first=Bhimrao Ramji |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gsK1AAAAIAAJ |title=Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, Writings and Speeches: Castes in India and 11 other essays |date=1979 |publisher=[[Education Department]], [[Government of Maharashtra]] |location=New Delhi, India |pages=198 |isbn=978-81-901518-9-4 |language=en}}</ref> Patanvadia Kolis are dominant [[Peasant|peasent]] caste, or [[Agriculture|Agriculturist]] by profession in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Beck |first1=Brenda E. F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmKu3t-sYi4C&dq=patanvadia+koli&pg=PA213 |title=Folktales of India |last2=Claus |first2=Peter J. |last3=Goswami |first3=Praphulladatta |last4=Handoo |first4=Jawaharlal |date=1999-04-15 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-226-04083-7 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=213 |language=en}}</ref> the Koli caste are the 24% of the total population of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kohli |first=Atul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wAMABAAAQBAJ&dq=patanvadiya+koli&pg=PA266 |title=India's Democracy: An Analysis of Changing State-Society Relations |date=2014-07-14 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-4008-5951-1 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=266 |language=en}}</ref> They were members of the [[Gujarat Kshatriya Sabha]] launched by [[Natwarsinh Solanki]] who was a Koli elite from [[Kheda district|Charotar]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=Ghanshyam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHHaAAAAMAAJ |title=Caste Association and Political Process in Gujarat: A Study of Gujarat Kshatriya Sabha |date=1975 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |location=New Delhi, India |language=en}}</ref> the [[Hinglaj Mata mandir|Hinglaj Devi]] is the main deity of Patanvadia Kolis of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Raymond Brady |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rs5JDwAAQBAJ&dq=patanvadiya+kolis&pg=PT355 |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |language=en}}</ref> According to the census records of [[Baroda State]], the population of Patanwadia Kolis was 20777 in the state's territory.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=188 |language=en}}</ref> == History == The Patanwadia and [[Baria Kolis of Gujarat|Baria]] [[Koli clans and titles|Kolis]] were customarily considered to be notorious for local thefts as well as distant raids and [[Koli caste#Koli pirates|dacoities]]{{Broken anchor|date=2025-07-03|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Koli caste#Koli pirates|reason= The anchor (Koli pirates) [[Special:Diff/10369348|has been deleted]].|diff_id=10369348}} . However , at present , Both Kolis are [[Agriculture|agricultural]] population.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Panchanadikar |first1=K. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2wJbAAAAIAAJ |title=Democratic Structure and Socialization in Rural India: Analysis of Participation, Alienation, and Consensus |last2=Panchanadikar |first2=J. |date=1980 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |location=New Delhi, India |pages=4–10 |language=en}}</ref> In [[Central Gujarat]], the [[Ravishankar Vyas]] was caste [[priest]] of whole Koli caste. He had devoted his life to the uplift of the Koli community including Patanwadia Kolis since 1922. First of all, he preached to the Kolis to relinquish [[robbery]] and other [[Vice|vices]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=Ghanshyam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHHaAAAAMAAJ |title=Caste Association and Political Process in Gujarat: A Study of Gujarat Kshatriya Sabha |date=1975 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |location=New Delhi, India |pages=36 |language=en}}</ref> == Origin == The Patanvadia Kolis got their name from [[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]] which was ancient capital of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pocock |first=David Francis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tLxyAAAAMAAJ |title=Kanbi and Patidar: A Study of the Patidar Community of Gujarat |date=1972 |publisher=[[Clarendon Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-823175-2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=30 |language=en}}</ref> == Classification == In 1907, Patanvadia Kolis were classified as [[Denotified Tribes|Criminal Tribe]] under [[Criminal Tribes Act]] by [[British government]] because of their anti-social activities.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Yājñika |first1=Acyuta |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wmKIiAPgnF0C&q=patanvadiya+koli |title=The Shaping of Modern Gujarat: Plurality, Hindutva, and Beyond |last2=Sheth |first2=Suchitra |date=2005 |publisher=[[Penguin Books India]] |isbn=978-0-14-400038-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=304 |language=en}}</ref> == Notable == * [[Babar Deva]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dorson |first=Richard M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LCVCDgAAQBAJ&dq=patanvadia+koli&pg=PA203 |title=Folktales Told Around the World |date=2016-05-19 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-226-37534-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=203 |language=en}}</ref> [[Dacoity|Dacoit]] and [[Revolutionary|freedom activist]] from Gujarat == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://books.google.co.in/books?id=deZtAAAAMAAJ&q=patanvadiya+koli&dq=patanvadiya+koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjJtJuGhOb2AhUiSGwGHZZ6CIwQ6AF6BAgMEAM Religion, Religiosity, and Communalism] * [https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vbNCo99qp48C&pg=PA139&dq=patanwadia+koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi23YPQi-b2AhXtwjgGHY0CDHw4HhDoAXoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q=patanwadia%20koli&f=false Aspects of Changing India: Studies in Honour of Prof. G. S. Ghurye] [[Category:Koli subcastes]] cqhh1t6y0joec9gjl6ddqmolom37k42 10369362 10369355 2025-07-03T10:32:25Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: Remove 1 notification (When checking links to [[Koli caste]]) 10369362 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Patanvadia Koli''',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Numbers on their side, Kolis call for a better deal - Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/numbers-on-their-side-kolis-call-for-a-better-deal/1027453/ |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref> or '''Patanwadia Koli'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U8s0aBdDxEQC&dq=patanwadia+koli&pg=PA121 |title=The Family in India: Critical Essays |date=1998 |publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]] |isbn=978-81-250-1306-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=221 |language=en}}</ref> and '''Patanvadiya Koli'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=Ghanshyam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Aou17T8KaEEC&dq=patanvadiya+koli&pg=PA297 |title=Caste and Democratic Politics in India |date=2004 |publisher=[[Permanent Black]] |isbn=978-81-7824-095-4 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=297 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[Caste|subcaste]] of the [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian State]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=A community called Koli - Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/a-community-called-koli------------------------/214908/ |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ambedkar |first=Bhimrao Ramji |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gsK1AAAAIAAJ |title=Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, Writings and Speeches: Castes in India and 11 other essays |date=1979 |publisher=[[Education Department]], [[Government of Maharashtra]] |location=New Delhi, India |pages=198 |isbn=978-81-901518-9-4 |language=en}}</ref> Patanvadia Kolis are dominant [[Peasant|peasent]] caste, or [[Agriculture|Agriculturist]] by profession in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Beck |first1=Brenda E. F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmKu3t-sYi4C&dq=patanvadia+koli&pg=PA213 |title=Folktales of India |last2=Claus |first2=Peter J. |last3=Goswami |first3=Praphulladatta |last4=Handoo |first4=Jawaharlal |date=1999-04-15 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-226-04083-7 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=213 |language=en}}</ref> the Koli caste are the 24% of the total population of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kohli |first=Atul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wAMABAAAQBAJ&dq=patanvadiya+koli&pg=PA266 |title=India's Democracy: An Analysis of Changing State-Society Relations |date=2014-07-14 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-4008-5951-1 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=266 |language=en}}</ref> They were members of the [[Gujarat Kshatriya Sabha]] launched by [[Natwarsinh Solanki]] who was a Koli elite from [[Kheda district|Charotar]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=Ghanshyam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHHaAAAAMAAJ |title=Caste Association and Political Process in Gujarat: A Study of Gujarat Kshatriya Sabha |date=1975 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |location=New Delhi, India |language=en}}</ref> the [[Hinglaj Mata mandir|Hinglaj Devi]] is the main deity of Patanvadia Kolis of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Raymond Brady |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rs5JDwAAQBAJ&dq=patanvadiya+kolis&pg=PT355 |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |language=en}}</ref> According to the census records of [[Baroda State]], the population of Patanwadia Kolis was 20777 in the state's territory.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=188 |language=en}}</ref> == History == The Patanwadia and [[Baria Kolis of Gujarat|Baria]] [[Koli clans and titles|Kolis]] were customarily considered to be notorious for local thefts as well as distant raids and [[Koli caste#Koli pirates|dacoities]] . However , at present , Both Kolis are [[Agriculture|agricultural]] population.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Panchanadikar |first1=K. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2wJbAAAAIAAJ |title=Democratic Structure and Socialization in Rural India: Analysis of Participation, Alienation, and Consensus |last2=Panchanadikar |first2=J. |date=1980 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |location=New Delhi, India |pages=4–10 |language=en}}</ref> In [[Central Gujarat]], the [[Ravishankar Vyas]] was caste [[priest]] of whole Koli caste. He had devoted his life to the uplift of the Koli community including Patanwadia Kolis since 1922. First of all, he preached to the Kolis to relinquish [[robbery]] and other [[Vice|vices]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=Ghanshyam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHHaAAAAMAAJ |title=Caste Association and Political Process in Gujarat: A Study of Gujarat Kshatriya Sabha |date=1975 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |location=New Delhi, India |pages=36 |language=en}}</ref> == Origin == The Patanvadia Kolis got their name from [[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]] which was ancient capital of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pocock |first=David Francis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tLxyAAAAMAAJ |title=Kanbi and Patidar: A Study of the Patidar Community of Gujarat |date=1972 |publisher=[[Clarendon Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-823175-2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=30 |language=en}}</ref> == Classification == In 1907, Patanvadia Kolis were classified as [[Denotified Tribes|Criminal Tribe]] under [[Criminal Tribes Act]] by [[British government]] because of their anti-social activities.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Yājñika |first1=Acyuta |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wmKIiAPgnF0C&q=patanvadiya+koli |title=The Shaping of Modern Gujarat: Plurality, Hindutva, and Beyond |last2=Sheth |first2=Suchitra |date=2005 |publisher=[[Penguin Books India]] |isbn=978-0-14-400038-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=304 |language=en}}</ref> == Notable == * [[Babar Deva]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dorson |first=Richard M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LCVCDgAAQBAJ&dq=patanvadia+koli&pg=PA203 |title=Folktales Told Around the World |date=2016-05-19 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-226-37534-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=203 |language=en}}</ref> [[Dacoity|Dacoit]] and [[Revolutionary|freedom activist]] from Gujarat == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://books.google.co.in/books?id=deZtAAAAMAAJ&q=patanvadiya+koli&dq=patanvadiya+koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjJtJuGhOb2AhUiSGwGHZZ6CIwQ6AF6BAgMEAM Religion, Religiosity, and Communalism] * [https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vbNCo99qp48C&pg=PA139&dq=patanwadia+koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi23YPQi-b2AhXtwjgGHY0CDHw4HhDoAXoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q=patanwadia%20koli&f=false Aspects of Changing India: Studies in Honour of Prof. G. S. Ghurye] [[Category:Koli subcastes]] ryk6n3f5l5gpcy253cati6zftay5t6l 0 1117319 10368456 10163526 2025-07-02T23:15:12Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 1) fixed the Lua error in Module according to the system red tag requires; 2) fixed a grammatical issue of doubled redundant "the" displayed next to each other 10368456 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox academic | name = Gerard Gertoux | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = Gerard Gertoux in 2014 | birth_name = Gérard Marcel Laurent Gertoux | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1955|03|19}} | birth_place = [[7th arrondissement of Lyon]] | nationality = French | education = PhD student, Master in Archaeology and History of Ancient Worlds. | alma_mater = [[Lumière University Lyon 2]] | thesis_title = Les conjonctions astronomiques dans l'antiquité comme les éclipses ou les levers sothiaques: approches d'une chronologie absolue. | thesis_url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130913073912/http://www.archeorient.mom.fr:80/annuaire/ResumeTheses/gertoux.html | thesis_year = 2007 | school_tradition = | doctoral_advisors = [[Pierre Villard]], [[Daniel Bodi]] | academic_advisors = Yves Roman, [[Michel Debidour]] | discipline = Old Testament scholar, Ancient Near Eastern chronologist | sub_discipline = Biblical Hebrew, Cuneiform script, Astronomy | occupation = Historian and Chronologist | main_interests = [[Ancient Middle East]] and [[Tetragrammaton]]. | notable_works = ''Un Historique du nom divin: Un Nom Encens'' (in French) <br> ''The Name of God Y.eH.oW.aH Which is Pronounced as it is Written I_Eh_oU_Ah. It Story'' | notable_ideas = Pronunciation of the Tetragrammaton Jehovah and timelines of the ancient world. | spouse = | website = [https://web.archive.org/web/20150128090917/http://www.chronosynchro.net:80/wordpress Approche scientifique d'une chronologie absolue] }} '''Gerard Gertoux''' (born on March 19, 1955 in [[Lyon]]) is a French [[chronologist]],<ref>{{harvnb|Finch|2023|p=638}}: "Fortunately, thanks to one honest chronological researcher, Gérard Gertoux, his research completely dovetails with the conclusion of the present author had already determined. Indeed, he has persented an excellent testimony from other notable ancient historians that Carthage was indeed founded exactly where the Bible places it, right around the year of 870 BCE."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pretorius|2022|p=42}}: "Gertoux, who compiled a credible chronology of Jesus's life, also places his baptism in AD29, although he calculated that Jesus was baptized during August."</ref> historian and researcher in the field of [[Near Eastern archaeology]]<ref>{{harvnb|Tompsett|2023|p=83}}: "Gertoux, a French academic and researcher concerned with Near Eastern archaeology."</ref> and [[Ancient history]],<ref name="Atlantipedia">{{harvnb|O'Connell|2022}}: "Gérard Gertoux (1955–) is a French academic who is best known for his book ''The name of God Y.eH.oW.aH''. However, most of his prodigious output is concerned with ancient chronology."</ref> particularly Egyptian,{{sfn|Obsomer|2020|p=241}} Assyrian,{{sfn|Piper|2023|pp=51}} Jewish, and research on the Tetragrammaton [[YHWH]].<ref name="Adams">{{harvnb|Adams|2017}}: "Gerard Gertoux of the University of Lyon, has specialised on the Tetragrammaton. His works are recommended reading for a detailed study on the topic of the Tetragrammaton"</ref> Gertoux argued that one of the several ancient vocalizations of the tetragrammaton was [[Yehowah]],<ref>{{harvnb|Schoenfeld|2020|pp=80}}: "I adopt the (albeit minority) view that one of its ancient vocalizations was yəhōwɔ̄ (Gertoux 2015), contra the mainstream consensus that it was only yahwɛ."</ref> like [[Thomas Römer]] has proposed 'Yahô' or 'Yahû,<ref>{{harvnb|Römer|2015|p=30}}: "It does seem clear that the original pronunciation of Yhwh was 'Yahô' or 'Yahû</ref> [[F. C. Burkitt]] for Yaho or Yeho,{{sfn|Burkitt|1925|p=355}} [[Max Reisel]] for YeHūàH or YaHūàH,{{sfn|Reisel|1957|p=56}} etc. contra the mainstream [[scientific consensus|consensus]] that it was only [[Yahweh]].<ref name="EoC">{{harvnb|Fahlbusch|Lochman|Mbiti|Pelikan|Vischer|2008|p=854}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Kurian|Lamport|2016|p=2003}}: "Against the consensus that God's name was ponounced 'Yahweh', Gérard Gertoux has defended 'Yehowah' (i.e., Jehovah)."</ref> Gertoux's [[astronomical]] synchronization into their chronologies of ancient history have offered new conclusions.<ref>{{harvnb|Hunger|2015}}: "I have read the manuscript "Basic astronomy for historians to get a chronology" of Gerard Gertoux and found it a well-informed and informative introduction to this complicated subject. It clearly explains what is required from a historian who wants to establish the chronology of historical events. The author shows by examples how different chronologies can be evaluated or refuted. He also explains the astronomical phenomena that can be used for dating events, and the pitfalls in using ancient calendars. For some cases, he offers new conclusions or refutes chronologies proposed by other scholars. The manuscript forces the reader to be very attentive, but this attention is well worth it".</ref><ref name=Courgeau>{{harvnb|Courgeau|2022}}: "He obtained by synchronization with astronomical data and events occurring among other peoples."</ref> == Life == Gérard Gertoux was born on March 19, 1955 in the [[7th arrondissement of Lyon]].<ref name="Atlantipedia"/><ref>{{harvnb|Net1901|2023}}: "Gertoux Gérard, né à Lyon 7e, le 19 mars 1955, de nationalité française"</ref> He obtained a degree in Physical Engineering at [[École nationale supérieure d'ingénieurs électriciens de Grenoble]] (I.N.P.G.) in 1979. In 1985, he obtained a [[Certificate of aptitude for secondary school]] (CAPES) in Physics to become a certified professor, and he was a professor of national education until 2012. From 1992 to 1993, and 2001, he studied [[Hebrew language]] at the Académie des langues anciennes with Elie Cohen, at the Sessions de langues bibliques with [[Jean Margain]] and at the Institut des langues anciennes of the [[École normale supérieure]] of Paris with [[Jean-Claude Haelewyck]] and [[Georges Bohas]]. In 2005, he obtained a [[Master of Science]] of Archaeology and History of Ancient Worlds at the [[Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée]], [[Lumière University Lyon 2]] with the thesis entitled: ''L'œil de l'histoire: la chronologie. Les éclipses dans l'antiquité: approche scientifique d'une chronologie'' under the tutelage of Yves Roman and Michel Debidour.{{sfn|Frantiq. Fédération et Ressources sur L'antiquté}} From 2012 he become a member of [[The International Association for Assyriology]].{{sfn|Boardmember XY|2014}} == Contributions == === The name YHWH === {{main|Tetragrammaton}} In 1999, Gertoux published his book ''Un historique du nom divin: un nom encens'' .{{sfn|Louvre}}{{sfn|Sion|2000|p=24}} In 2002, he translated his book into English entitled ''The Name of God Y.eH.oW.aH Which is Pronounced as it is Written I_Eh_oU_Ah. It Story'', published in 2002 by the University Press of America and expanded the appendix and some of the content.{{sfn|Lee|2003|p=285}}{{sfn|Gee|2004|p=1–4}}{{sfn|Lind|2004|p=8}} Gertoux's book ''The Name of God Y.eH.oW.aH Which is Pronounced as it is Written I_Eh_oU_Ah. It Story'', is cited in reference works such as ''[[The Encyclopedia of Christianity]]'',<ref name="EoC"/> the ''[[Encyclopedia of Ancient Christianity]]''{{sfn|Ramelli|2014|p=686}} and the ''Μεγάλη Ορθόδοξη Χριστιανική Εγυκλοπαίδεια'' (ΜΟΧΕ) [Great Orthodox Christian Encyclopedia]{{sfn|Βασιλειάδης|2011|p=216}}. Robert J. Wilkinson says that Gertoux has strong views on the pronunciation and meaning of the Tetragrammaton.{{sfn|Wilkinson|2015|pp=38}} [[George W. Buchanan]] agrees with Gertoux that the divine name is arbitrarily pronounced as Jehovah on the basis of the data.{{sfn|Buchanan|2005|p=12}} Aviv Schoenfeld says that he adopts "the (albeit minority) view that one of its ancient vocalizations was yəhōwɔ̄ (Gertoux 2015), contra the mainstream consensus that it was only yahwɛ".{{sfn|Schoenfeld|2020|p=80}} [[Bruce M. Metzger]] says that Gertoux's website contains "scholarly information on the origins of sacred names".{{sfn|Metzger|2003}} [[François Bœspflug]] states that Gertoux's research provided him with valuable information.{{sfn|Boespflug|2007|p=74}} Daniel Faivre wrote that Gertoux's work is a more comprehensive study.{{sfn|Faivre|2007|p=13}} Philippe Barbey considers Gertoux's research to be a comprehensive work.{{sfn|Barbey|2003|p=18}} Antonio Macaya Pascual points out that Gertoux provides ample evidence that the name YHWH was actually pronounced until the 2nd century AD.{{sfn|Macaya Pascual|2020|p=370}} John Gee is of the opinion that Egyptian and Akkadian evidence is ignored, that the Masoretic vowels have a later pronunciation and that the letter method is not applicable.{{sfn|Gee|2004}} Gertoux responds, and says that Gee did not even read the book, and his unsubstantiated claims are not explained in his criticism.{{sfn|Gertoux|2016|p=93–94}} Didier Fontaine says that "Gertoux gives more than twenty 'explanations' (p.64) that make you think".{{sfn|Fontaine|2015}} [[Won W. Lee]] affirm: "this detailed treatment of the Name is useful for those who are interested in the history of its translation of the centuries".{{sfn|Lee|2003|p=285}} [[Jean Vernette]] at the beginning of his book on Cults explained that 'Jehovah' was a barbarism, but already in the sixth and last edition of his book (January 2002) he withdrew the explanations used to defend Yahweh, and wrote that it is clear that some people defend the pronunciation of Jehovah, quoting Gertoux in a footnote.{{sfn|Vernette|2002|p=42}} P. D. Vasileiadis also considers the work of G. Gertoux as a source that presents an overview of the long-standing efforts to translate the Tetragrammaton into Greek.{{sfn|Vasileiadis|2019|p=36}} === Ancient history === Gertoux created Egyptian, Assyrian and biblical chronologies which, according to [[Hermann Hunger]],<ref>{{harvnb|Hunger|2015|p=3}}: I have read the manuscript "Basic astronomy for historians to get a chronology" of Gerard Gertoux and found it a well-informed and informative introduction to this complicated subject. It clearly explains what is required from a historian who wants to establish the chronology of historical events. The author shows by examples how different chronologies can be evaluated or refuted. He also explains the astronomical phenomena that can be used for dating events, and the pitfalls in using ancient calendars. For some cases, he offers new conclusions or refutes chronologies proposed by other scholars. The manuscript forces the reader to be very attentive, but this attention is well worth it.</ref> Gertoux "offers new conclusions or refutes chronologies proposed by other scholars". The [[Armstrong Institute of Biblical Archaeology]] mentions that Gertoux's research presents a remarkable body of evidence for the historicity of the book of Esther, and even the historicity of Queen Esther.<ref>{{harvnb|Eames|2022}}: "As for the overall historicity of the book—despite widespread dismissal from skeptics—there is likewise a remarkable body of evidence for it, including the historical identity of Queen Esther herself. For more on this, read a thorough investigation by Gerard Gertoux here."</ref> Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones disagrees: "Esther is not a history book and it does not contain history ''per se'' (in spite of the valiant effort by Gérard Gertoux (2015) to fix Esther's narrative precisely in time)."{{sfn|Llewellyn-Jones|2023|p=4}} Albertus Pretorius is of the opinion that Gertoux created a reliable chronology of the life of [[Jesus]].{{sfn|Pretorius|2022|p=42}} Paul Finch believes that Gertoux has provided excellent evidence that [[Carthage]] was founded in 870 BC.{{sfn|Finch|2023|p=638}} Kenneth C. Griffith and Darrell K. White considers "Gertoux’s chronology of the Kings of Aram to be the most accurate".{{sfn|Griffith|White|2024|p=29}} == Works == ;Theses *{{cite thesis |first=Gerard |last=Gertoux |year=1979 |title=Études expérimentales et théoriques par spectrométrie RMN de composés magnétiques de terres rares |lang=fr |type=Diplôme d'Étude Approfondie en énergétique, at the Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Physique at Grenoble}} *{{cite thesis |first=Gerard |last=Gertoux |author-mask=7 |year=1995 |title=Un nom encens : un historique du nom divin de son origine à sa reconstitution |type=BOSEB ICP: [[Institut Catholique de Paris]] |lang=fr}} *{{cite thesis |first=Gerard |last=Gertoux |author-mask=7 |year=1997 |title= יהוה : an aim to incense : a historical record of the divine Name |type=BOSEB ICP: Institut Catholique de Paris |lang=fr}} *{{cite thesis |first=Gerard |last=Gertoux |author-mask=7 |year=1998 |title= יהוה : in fame only ? : a historical record of the divine name |type=Res T 594 GER. BOSEB ICP: Institut Catholique de Paris |lang=fr}} *{{cite thesis |first=Gerard |last=Gertoux |author-mask=7 |date=2004-10-01 |title=L'œil de l'histoire: la chronologie. Les éclipses dans l'antiquité: approche scientifique d'une chronologie absolue |type=Master thesis (HCL TM 104 at the MOM library), MOM - Bibliothèque de la Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, University of Lyon II |location=Lyon |lang=fr}} *{{cite thesis |first=Gerard |last=Gertoux |author-mask=7 |year=2007 |title=Les conjonctions dans l'antiquité comme les éclipses: approche scientifique d'une chronologie absolue |type=PhD diss., MOM - Bibliothèque de la Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée University of Lyon II |lang=fr}} *{{cite thesis |first=Gerard |last=Gertoux |author-mask=7 |year=2009 |title=Approche scientifique d'une chronologie absolue grâce aux synchronismes datés par l'astronomie |type=PhD diss., INALCO |lang=fr}} ; Books * {{cite book |first=Gerard |last=Gertoux |title=Un Historique du nom divin: Un Nom Encens |publisher=[[Editions L'Harmattan]] |date=1999 |isbn=2-296-39199-0 |lang=fr |url=http://liseuse.harmattan.fr/2-7384-8061-6}} * {{cite book |first=Gerard |last=Gertoux |author-mask=7 |title=The Name of God Y.eH.oW.aH Which is Pronounced as it is Written I_Eh_oU_Ah. It Story |series=G - Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series |publisher=[[University Press of America]] |date=2002 |isbn=0-7618-2204-6 |lang=en |url=https://www.academia.edu/41431232}} * {{cite book |first=Gerard |last=Gertoux |author-mask=7 |title=Guds navns historie |publisher=Gramma |location=København |date=2005 |isbn=87-990125-6-1 |lang=sv}} * {{cite book |first=Gerard |last=Gertoux |author-mask=7 |date=2007b |title=Basic astronomy for historians to get a chronology |url=https://www.academia.edu/6112370}} * {{cite book |first=Gerard |last=Gertoux |author-mask=7 |title=Storia del nome di Dio. Un recente studio che fà luce sulla corretta pronuncia del sacro nome |publisher=Azzurra 7 |location=Arlate (LC) |date=2007c |isbn=978-88-88907-09-3 |lang=it}} * {{cite book |first=Жерар |last=Жерто |author-mask=7 |title=Имя Бога: его история и произношение |publisher=Strelbytskyy Multimedia Publishing |location=Kiev |date=2018-02-02 |lang=uk}} * {{cite book |first=Gerard |last=Gertoux |author-mask=7 |date=2016-04-24 |title=Did Jesus "Je[hovah]-salvation" know God's name? |publisher=Lulu.com |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=80gxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA94 |isbn=9781387138364}} * {{cite book |first=Gerard |last=Gertoux |author-mask=7 |chapter=Dating the reigns of Xerxes and Artaxerxes|editor-first1=Pascal |editor-last1=Attinger |editor-last2=Cavigneaux |editor-first2=A. |editor-last3=Mittermayer |editor-first3=C. |editor-last4=Novak |editor-first4=M. |editor-first5=S. |editor-last5=Ecklin|title=Text and image: proceedings of the 61e Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, Geneva and Bern, 22-26 June 2015 |series=Orbis biblicus et orientalis Series Archaeologica OBOS SA|volume=40 |publisher=Peeters Publishers |location=Leuven / Bristol (CT) |date=2018 |isbn=978-90-429-3713-0 |lang=en |doi=10.2307/j.ctv1q26x24.22 |pages=179–206}} * {{cite book |first=Gerard |last=Gertoux |author-mask=7 |title=Scientific Approach to an Absolute Chronology Through Synchronisms Dated by Astronomy |year=2019 |isbn=978-1-5342-0457-7 |doi=10.20850/9781534204577}} * {{cite book |first=Gerard |last=Gertoux |author-mask=7 |editor-first=Francesco |editor-last=Arduini |chapter=Quel est son Nom? |title=Il Dio della Bibbia |publisher=Land University Press |year=2022 |isbn=979-12-80806-15-4 |lang=it |location=[[Santena]], Turin, Italy}} ;Articles * {{cite book |first=Gerard |last=Gertoux |date=2013-09-11 |title=Dating the fall of Babylon and Ur thanks to Astronomical Events |arxiv=1309.2758 }} * {{cite journal |first=Gerard |last=Gertoux |author-mask=7 |editor-first=Nele |editor-last=Ziegler |title=Dating the Reigns of Xerxes and Artaxerxes |journal=Nouvelles Assyriologiques Bréves et Utilitaires |volume=4 |date=2019d |issn=0989-5671 |pages=179}} * {{cite journal |first=Gerard |last=Gertoux |author-mask=7 |editor-first=Nele |editor-last=Ziegler |title=Biography of Themistocles: 536–471 BCE or 524–459 BCE? |journal=Nouvelles Assyriologiques Bréves et Utilitaires |volume=3 |publisher=Société pour l'étude du Proche-Orient |date=2020a |issn=0989-5671 |pages=199–200}} * {{cite journal |first=Gerard |last=Gertoux |author-mask=7 |editor-first=Nele |editor-last=Ziegler |title=Intercalations during the co-regency of Xerxes with Darius I |journal=Nouvelles Assyriologiques Bréves et Utilitaires |volume=4 |publisher=Société pour l'étude du Proche-Orient |date=2020b |issn=0989-5671 |pages=273–279}} * {{cite journal |first=Gerard |last=Gertoux |author-mask=7 |editor-first=Nele |editor-last=Ziegler |title=Mesopotamian chronology over the period 2340-539 BCE through astronomically dated synchronisms and comparison with carbon-14 dating |journal=Nouvelles Assyriologiques Bréves et Utilitaires |volume=3 |date=2021-10-15 |issn=0989-5671 |pages=171–172}} ;Video documentaries * {{cite video |first=Fritz |last=Poppenberg |date=2015 |url=https://www.dreilindenfilm.de/produkt/der-name-gottes/ |title=Der Name Gottes |publisher=Drei Linden Film |isbn=978-3-936344-65-3}}<ref>{{cite book|author=Wolf-Ekkehard Lönnig |date=2011 |isbn=978-3-86991-419-0 |pages=11 |publisher=MV-Verlag |title="Die Affäre Max Planck", die es nie gegeben hat: wiss. Sachbuch |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K2vAaq_d_zMC&pg=PA11}}</ref> ;Conferences * {{cite conference |last=Gertoux |first=Gerard |year=2011 |location=[[University of Edinburgh]] |title=A New Achaemenid King: Darius B, owing to Synchronized Chronology |url=https://www.academia.edu/2764305 |access-date=2024-10-23 |archive-date=2024-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726160216/https://www.academia.edu/2764305 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite conference |last=Gertoux |first=Gerard |author-mask=7 |year=2015b |location=[[University of Oxford]] |title=Assyrian and biblical chronologies: are they reliable? |conference=4th Oxford Postgraduate Conference in Assyriology 2015 |url=https://hal.science/hal-03207471/ |conference-url=https://oxfordassyriology.wordpress.com/opca-2015-programme/ }} * {{cite conference |last=Gertoux |first=Gerard |author-mask=7 |year=2015c |title=Dating the Reigns of Xerxes and Artaxerxes |url=https://www.academia.edu/37218165 |conference=61st Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale (RAI), University of Geneva & Bern, 22-26 June 2015 -Excavations in Ancient Chorasmia: the Central Monument of Akchakhan-kala |conference-url=https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/157125/ |publication-date=2018 |journal=Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis Series Archaeologica |doi=10.5167/uzh-157125 |publisher=Peeters Publishers |pages=179–206 |location= Leuven, Belgium |editor-last1=Attinger |editor-first1=Pascal |editor-last2=Cavigneaux |editor-first2=Antoine |editor-last3=Mittermayer |editor-first3=Catherine |editor-last4=Novàk |editor-first4=Mirko}} * {{cite conference |last=Gertoux |first=Gerard |author-mask=7 |year=2019b |title=Scientific Approach to an Absolute Chronology through Synchronisms Dated by Astronomy |conference=65th Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale (RAI). Paris, Collège de France |url=https://rai2019.digitorient.com/en/posters/ |access-date=2024-10-23 |archive-date=2024-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722035720/https://rai2019.digitorient.com/en/posters/ |url-status=dead }} * {{cite conference |last=Gertoux |first=Gerard |author-mask=7 |year=2019c |conference=American Schools of Oriental Research, (ASOR) Annual Meeting |title=Scientific Approach to an Absolute Chronology through Synchronisms Dated by Astronomy |conference-url=http://www.asor.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/2019-ASOR-Program-and-Abstract-Book.pdf |pages=26, 98}} == References == {{reflist}} === Sources === *{{cite web|access-date=2024-07-29 |date=2017-08-18 |first=Damon |last=Adams |publisher=Alphacrusis University College |title=In God's Name |url=https://crucis.ac.edu.au/gods-name/}} *{{cite book |last=Barbey |first=Philippe |date=2003 |chapter=Les racines judéo-chrétiennes de l'unitarismo |title=Les témoins de Jehovah: Pour un christianisme original |series=Religion et sciences humaines |isbn=2-296-31591-7 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-W9Ul5pFIOQC&pg=PA18}} *{{cite web| last=Boardmember XY |url=https://iaassyriology.com/gertoux-gerard-lyonfrance-approche-scientifique-dune-chronologie-absolue-grace-aux-synchronismes-dates-par-lastronomie-scientific-approach-absolute-chronology-synchronisms-date/ |title=Gertoux, Gérard (Lyon/France) – Approche scientifique d'une chronologie absolue grâce aux synchronismes datés par l'astronomie / Scientific approach to an absolute chronology through synchronisms dated by astronomy |date=2014-02-20 |location=Leiden |publisher=IAA Assyriology |access-date=2024-06-24}} *{{cite book |last=Boespflug |first=François |year=2007 |title=La caricatura e il sacro: Islam, ebraismo e cristianisimo a confronto |series=Transizioni (Vita e pensiero (Firm) |volume=21 |publisher=Vita e Pensiero |isbn=978-88-343-1382-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=98H0BCqPhcAC&pg=PA74}} *{{cite book |last=Buchanan |first=George Wesley |year=2005 |title=The Book of Daniel |series=Mellen Biblical Commentary: Old Testament|volume=25 |publisher=Wipf & Stock Publishers |isbn=1-59244-021-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DU37DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA12 }} *{{cite journal |last=Burkitt |first=F. C. |date=1925 |title=On the Name Yahweh |journal=Journal of Biblical Literature |volume=44 |number=3/4 |pages=353–356 |doi=10.2307/3260259|jstor=3260259 }} *{{cite book |last=Courgeau |first=Daniel |year=2022 |title=Understanding Human Life |volume=19 |publisher=Springer, Cham. |series=Methodos Series |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-16143-8_6 |chapter=Imaginary Life Stories to Forge and Nourish Our Mind |pages=115–136|isbn=978-3-031-16142-1 }} *{{cite web |last=Eames |first=Christopher |date=2022-03-17 |title=The Dead Sea Scrolls Don't Include the Book of Esther—or Do They? |access-date=2024-07-04 |url=https://armstronginstitute.org/674}} *{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last1=Fahlbusch |editor-first1=Erwin |editor-first2=Jan Milič |editor-last2=Lochman |editor-first3=John |editor-last3=Mbiti |editor-link3=John Mbiti |editor-first4=Jaroslav |editor-last4=Pelikan |editor-first5=Lukas |editor-last5=Vischer |title=Yahweh |encyclopedia=[[The Encyclopedia of Christianity]] |volume=5 |publisher=William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company / Brill Publishers |date=2008 |isbn=978-0-8028-2417-2 |pages=823–824 |lang=en-US |translator-first=Geoffrey William |translator-last=Bromiley |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lZUBZlth2qgC}} *{{cite book|last=Faivre |first=Daniel |date=2007 |title=Mythes de la Genèse, genèse des mythes |series=Religions et Spiritualité |publisher=Editions L'Harmattan |isbn=978-2-296-17458-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AtThi9y-imcC&pg=PA13}} *{{cite book |last=Finch |first=Paul R. |date=2023-11-10 |title=2030 - The Sixth Thousandth Year |publisher=Austin Macauley Publishers |isbn=978-1-64750-313-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BynwEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA638}} *{{cite web |last=Fontaine |first=Didier |date=2015-04-07 |title=Le nom divin : imprononçable ? (Gertoux, 2015) |publisher=Πάντα δὲ δοκιμάζετε, τὸ καλὸν κατέχετε |url=https://areopage.net/blog/2015/04/07/le-nom-divin-imprononcable-gertoux-2015/}} *{{cite web |url=https://catalogue.frantiq.fr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=487510 |title=L'Oeil de l'histoire &#91;Travaux universitaires&#93;: la chronologie. 1. les éclipses dans l'antiquité: approche scientifique d'une chronologie absolue / Gérard Gertoux |last=Frantiq. Fédération et Ressources sur L'antiquté |location=Lyon |publisher=MOM - Bibliothèque de la Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée |access-date=2024-06-24 |lang=fr}} *{{cite journal |last=Gee |first=John |title=Gertoux, Gérard. The Name of God Y.EH.OW.AH Which is Pronounced as It Is Written I_EH_OU_AH. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 2002. Pp. 328. Paper. $47.00. ISBN 0761822046 |journal=Review of Biblical Literature |date=June 2004 |publisher=Society of Biblical Literature |issn=1099-0321 |url=https://www.sblcentral.org/home/bookDetails/3317}} *{{cite book |last=Gertoux |first=Gerard |date=2022 |title=Curriculum Vitae |access-date=2024-07-03 |url=https://univ-lyon2.academia.edu/GerardGERTOUX/CurriculumVitae}} *{{cite journal |last1=Griffith |first1=Kenneth C. |last2=White |first2=Darrell K. |date=2024 |title='Chronological Framework of Ancient History': Reply |journal=Answers Research Journal |volume=17 |pages=27–41 |url=https://answersresearchjournal.org/ancient-egypt/chronological-framework-ancient-history-reply/}} *{{cite letter |last=Hunger |first=Hermann |author-link=Hermann Hunger |title='Basic astronomy for historians to get a chronology' by Gertoux |date=2015-05-07 |recipient=whom it may concern }} *{{cite journal |last=Lee |first=Won W. |author-link=Won W. Lee|date=2003-10-09 |title=Notes on Recent Publications § The Name of God Y.EH.OW.AH Which is Pronounced as It Is Written I_EH_OU_AH. by Gerard Gertoux |journal=Religious Studies Review |volume=29 |number=3 |issn=0319-485X |oclc=909876699 |pages=267–316 |doi=10.1111/j.1748-0922.2003.tb00391.x|lang=en-US}} *{{cite journal |editor-last=Lind |editor-first=Sarah |date=2004 |title=Recent Publication on Biblical Studies § OT § Gérard Gertoux. 2002. The Name of God Y.EH.OW.AH Which is Pronounced as It is Written I_Eh_oU_Ah: Its Story. University Press of America. Translated from the French Un historique du nom divin. Un Nom Encens (L'Harmattan, 1999). |journal= TIC Talk. Newsletter of the United Bible Societies Translation Information Clearinghouse|volume=57 |publisher=United Bible Societies}} *{{cite book |last=Llewellyn-Jones |first=Lloyd |year=2023 |title=Ancient Persia and the Book of Esther: Achaemenid Court Culture in the Hebrew Bible |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-78672-629-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z4OmEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA4}} *{{cite web |last=Louvre |title=Gérard Gertoux, Un historique du nom divin: un nom encens. Un historique du nom divin, par Gérard Gertoux (1999) |publisher=LouvreBible |url=https://louvrebibbia.it/consultation/164 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{cite journal |last=Macaya Pascual |first=Antonio |title=Jesús, el que es. La Zarza ardiente después del Sepulcro vacío |journal=Espíritu |volume=LXIX |number=160 |year=2020 |pages=367–389 |issn=0014-0716}} *{{cite web |last=Metzger |date=2003-06-18 |first=Bruce M. |title=New Bibles for the Meeting House |url=http://www.opmh.org/newbibles.htm |access-date=2024-07-04 |archive-date=2005-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050408213316/http://www.opmh.org/newbibles.htm |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web |last=Net1901 |date=2023-08-12 |title=Association Biblique de Recherche d'Anciens Manuscrits |url=https://www.net1901.org/association/ASSOCIATION-BIBLIQUE-DE-RECHERCHE-DANCIENS-MANUSCRITS,1945856.html |access-date=2024-08-13}} *{{cite encyclopedia|first=Tony |last=O'Connell |url=https://atlantipedia.ie/samples/gertoux-gerard/ |title=Gertoux, Gérard |date=2022-09-04 |encyclopedia=Atlantipedia |language=en-US |access-date=2024-04-14}} *{{cite journal |first=Claude |last=Obsomer |author-link=Claude Obsomer |title=Les inscriptions hiéroglyphiques de l'époque perse au Ouadi Hammamat (Égypte) |journal=Les Études Classiques |volume=88 |number=1–4 |date=2020 |pages=227–262 |lang=fr |url=https://www.lesetudesclassiques.be/index.php/lec/article/view/686}} *{{cite book |last=Piper |first=Corey |title=500 Year Journey: How the Magi Knew When Christ Would be Born |publisher=Morgan James Publishing |date=2023 |isbn=978-1-63698-045-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nKHUEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT51}} *{{cite book |last=Pretorius |first=Albertus |year=2022 |title=Jesus of Nazareth: A Deluded Messiah |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |isbn=978-1-66674-664-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AUx0EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA42}} *{{cite encyclopedia |last=Ramelli |first=Ilaria |editor-first=Angelo |editor-last=Di Berardino |title=Name |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Ancient Christianity]] |volume=2 |publisher=InterVarsity Press |date=2014-02-28 |lang=en-US |isbn=978-0-8308-2941-5 |pages=862–866}} *{{cite book |last=Reisel |first=M. |author-link=Max Reisel |title=The Mysterious Name of YHWH |year=1957 |publisher=Brill |location=Netherlands |isbn=9789004354876 |doi=10.1163/9789004354876}} *{{cite book|last=Römer |first=Thomas |author-link=Thomas Römer |date=2015 |chapter=Chapter 1: The God of Israel and His Name § Yahweh or Yaho/Yahu: How was the name of God of Israel pronounced? |title=The Invention of God |translator-last=Geuss |translator-first=Raymond |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=9780674915756 |pages=24–34}} *{{cite journal |last=Sion |first=Brigitte |date=2000-04-07 |title=Gérard Gertoux, Un historique du nom divin: un nom encens |journal=Revue Juive de Genève |page=24}} *{{cite journal |last=Schoenfeld |first=Aviv |date=2020-06-18 |title=Abishai, Daniel and Hezekiah |journal=Brill's Journal of Afroasiatic Languages and Linguistics |volume=12 |number=1 |publisher=Brill |issn=1876-6633 |lang=en-US |doi=10.1163/18776930-01201006 |oclc=971902689 |pages=74–98}} *{{cite book |last=Tompsett |first=Daniel |title=Ancient Israel in Egypt: Through a Glass, Darkly |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |date=2023 |isbn=978-1-66674-158-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qsKuEAAAQBAJ}} *{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Kurian |first1=George Thomas |author-link1=George Thomas Kurian |last2=Lamport |first2=Mark A. |date=2016-11-10 |title=Sacred Name Movement |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Christianity in the United States]] |volume=5 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4422-4432-0 |lang=en-US |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=73xfDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA2003 |pages=2003–2005}} *{{cite journal |last=Vasileiadis |first=Pavlos D. |year=2019 |title=Jesus, the New Testament, and the sacred Tetragrammaton ("Ο Ιησούς, η Καινή Διαθήκη και το ιερό Τετραγράμματο") |journal=Synthesis |volume=8 |url=https://www.academia.edu/38647628 |doi=10.26262/syn.v8i1.7718}} *{{cite encyclopedia |first=Παύλος Δ. |last=Βασιλειάδης |date=2011 |editor-first= Πέτρος |editor-last= Βασιλειάδης |title=Γιαχβέ |chapter=ΜΟΧΕ: «Γιαχβέ», τόμ. 5, σσ. 212–217. |trans-title=Yahweh |encyclopedia=Μεγάλη Ορθόδοξη Χριστιανική Εγυκλοπαίδεια (ΜΟΧΕ) |volume=5 |pages=212–217 |lang=el |doi=10.5281/zenodo.4309130}} *{{cite book |last=Vernette |first=Jean |year=2002 |title=Les Sectes (2519) |location=Paris |publisher=Presses Universitaires de France. }} *{{cite book |last=Wilkinson |first=Robert J. |title=Tetragrammaton: Western Christians and the Hebrew Name of God: From the Beginnings to the Seventeenth Century. |series=Studies in the History of Christian Traditions. |volume=179 |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden |year=2015 |isbn=978-90-04-28817-1 |doi=10.1163/9789004288171 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1xyoBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA38}} *{{cite web |title=Autori e autrici § Gerard Gertoux |url=https://landeditore.it/landuniversitypress/autori-e-autrici/ |publisher=Land Editore |access-date=2024-06-24}} == Other websites == *{{cite web |last=Gertoux |first=Gerard |title=Auteur. Approche scientifique d'une chronologie absolue. |lang=fr |url=http://www.chronosynchro.net/wordpress/auteur/ |access-date=2024-07-03 |archive-date=2015-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604030539/http://www.chronosynchro.net/wordpress/auteur/ |url-status=bot: unknown }} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gertoux, Gerard}} [[Category:French people]] [[Category:1955 births]] [[Category:Semiticists]] cg78g6qv6s3zjjxps3jm7uz1e9man04 0 1117880 10368396 9917793 2025-07-02T22:38:22Z Ferien 1011873 Nominated for deletion; see [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Videoclip.bg]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|fails [[WP:GNG]]}} {{Infobox dot-com company | company_name = Videoclip.bg | company_logo = Videoclip.bg logo.png | company_type = | traded_as = | foundation = {{Start date and age|2011|10|22}} | dissolved = | location = [[Plovdiv]], [[Bulgaria]] | locations = | incorporated = | area_served = | founder = Richard Hristov | chairman = | chairperson = | president = | CEO = | MD = | GM = | key_people = Richard Hristov | industry = Internet<br />[[Video hosting service]] | products = | services = | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | assets = | equity = | owner = Хelerium LTD | num_employees = | parent = | divisions = | subsid = | company_slogan = | url = {{URL|videoclip.bg}} | programming_language = | ipv6 = | alexa = | website_type = | advertising = | registration = | num_users = | language = | launch_date = | current_status = Active | screenshot = | caption = | footnotes = | intl = }} '''Videoclip.bg''' is a [[Video hosting service|video sharing site]] available for free [[Video sharing|video uploads]] in [[Bulgarian language]]. It was created in 2011 by Richard Hristov. The site is owned by Хelerium LTD,<ref name="hib.multimedia.bg">{{cite news |url=http://hib.multimedia.bg/hib_web.dll/SiteShow?Site=103228 |title=videoclip.bg |publisher=hib.multimedia.bg |language=bg }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> whose owner is Richard Hristov.<ref name="informer.com"/> Its headquarters are located in the city of [[Plovdiv]], [[Bulgaria]].<ref name="hib.multimedia.bg"/> The site uses the services of the hosting company "Telepoint".<ref name="informer.com">{{cite news |url=https://website.informer.com/videoclip.bg#tab_whois |title=videoclip.bg |publisher= informer.com |language=en }}</ref> As of November 2019, Videoclip.bg ranks among the Top 50 sites in terms of visits in Bulgaria.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-30|title=videoclip.bg Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic|url=https://www.alexa.com/|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2019-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724125647/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/videoclip.bg|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://www.videoclip.bg/ VideoClip.bg] * {{Facebook|officialvideoclip.bg|Videoclip.bg}} [[Category:Video sharing websites]] [[Category:Bulgarian culture]] [[Category:2011 establishments in Europe]] sf8cl54hjd9je7a0n2l3g4bseyzzaub 0 1119774 10367655 10047435 2025-07-02T13:13:17Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10367655 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=July 2024}} {{Infobox person | name = Alex Fridman | image = אלכס פרידמן יושב ראש ומייסד עמותה רשומה - נכה לא חצי בן אדם.jpg | alt = Alex Fridman, Chairman and founder of "Disabled, Not Half a Human Being", an Israeli Organization | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1988|04|05}} | birth_place = [[Pinsk]], Belarus | citizenship = [[Israel]] | occupation = Screenwriter | years_active = | known_for = The struggle to raise the disability pension in Israel | notable_works = Establishing the "Disabled, Not Half a Human Being" Association | website = https://www.alexfridman.co.il/ }} '''Alex Fridman''' ({{lang-he|אלכס פרידמן}}; born April 5, 1988) is a screenwriter, social activist, founder and chairman of the ''{{ill|Disabled, Not Half a Human Being|he|נכה, לא חצי בן אדם}}'' organization. For his activities to raise the Disability pension in Israel and to promote the rights of people with disabilities in Israel, Fridman was one of the people of the year 2016, as well as in 2017 and 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ohad Zwick|url=https://www.yavnenet.co.il/מגזין-יבנה/שועט-קדימה-327815/2|title=Running ahead|website=Yavne net|language=he|date=November 23, 2016|access-date=September 2, 2024|quote=These awards are something which accompanies me throughout the doing, and they have begun to come since 2016. Now when the law has passed, the awards have also become greater.}}</ref> == Early life == Fridman was born and raised in [[Pinsk]], Belarus. In 1990, at the age of two, he immigrated to Israel with his family. As a child, he had serious health problems, and in 1996 was diagnosed with [[muscular dystrophy]] which was [[Spinal muscular atrophy|SMA]] type 2. Over the years, it has led to the paralysis of almost his full body. In 2000, due to further deterioration in the medical situation, he was forced to leave the regular educational framework and began to take lessons in his home. In those years, when he was bedridden, he began to study screen writing. In 2011, after two successful works which were published, he was invited to work with the [[Viva (Israeli TV channel)|Israeli Viva channel]] and created the blogosphere ''The Final Trap''. Thanks to his writing and social networking activities, Fridman became a well-known name in the field. == Social activity == In 2015, Fridman began a viral campaign under the slogan ''Disabled, Not Half a Human Being'' to raise the disability pension in Israel, one of the lowest in [[OECD]] countries.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Shelly Levy, Senior Research Coordinator|url=http://www.knesset.gov.il/mmm/data/pdf/m02699.pdf|title=General Disability Pension in Israel|website=[[Knesset]]|language=he|date=November 2, 2010|access-date=September 2, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620024339/http://www.knesset.gov.il/mmm/data/pdf/m02699.pdf|archive-date=2018-06-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> The campaign swept many people, including celebrities,<ref>{{Cite web|author=Galit Gutmann and Yoav Limor|url=https://www.mako.co.il/tv-new-day/selected_scenes/Article-f99b03386acfa41006.htm|title=Disabled protest on the network: 'Disabled, Not Half a Human Being'|website=Mako.co.il|language=he|date=January 18, 2015|access-date=September 2, 2024}}</ref> and led Fridman to initiate a rally in Rabin Square with the participation of dozens of different artists.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Bat-El Benjamin|url=http://www.20il.co.il/כתבה-מחאת-הנכים-סוחפת-את-הרשת/|title=The protest of the Disabled is sweeping the net|website=20il.co.il|language=he|date=August 22, 2016|access-date=September 2, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620074151/http://www.20il.co.il/כתבה-מחאת-הנכים-סוחפת-את-הרשת/|archive-date=2018-06-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> In December 2015, MK [[Ilan Gilon]] proposed a bill for a disability pension at the [[Minimum Wage]] level, but the proposal fell to the point of a vote.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Knesset Announcements|url=http://main.knesset.gov.il/News/PressReleases/Pages/press021215-0m6.aspx|title=Declined in preliminary: Equalizing the disability pension to the minimum wage|website=[[Knesset]]|language=he|date=December 2, 2015|access-date=September 2, 2024}}</ref> Due to the disappointment, Fridman addressed the [[List of Knesset speakers|chairman of the Knesset]], [[Yuli-Yoel Edelstein|Yuli Edelstein]] and asked him to promote direct negotiations with the [[Cabinet of Israel|Israeli government]]. Edelstein accepted the request and mediated between Fridman and his team and Welfare Minister, [[Haim Katz]], CEO of the [[Ministry of Finance (Israel)|Ministry of Finance]], Shai Babad, CEO of the [[Bituah Leumi|National Insurance Institute]], Prof. Shlomo Mor-Yosef, and the [[Commissioner]] for Equal Rights for People with Disabilities, Achiya Kamara.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Hanan Tal|url=https://www.themarker.com/opinion/1.4496819|title=How did a 27-year-old disabled person from Yavne become the most strongman in the state|website=Themarker.com|language=he|date=October 8, 2017|access-date=September 2, 2024}}</ref> In April 2016, Fridman founded the ''Disabled, Not Half a Human Being'' association, which championed a nonpolitical struggle to equalize disability benefits to the Minimum Wage level, and to promote additional rights for people with disabilities in Israel, including accessibility, housing, nursing, proper medical treatment and integrating people with disabilities into society and employment. In August 2016, following the negotiations with the Finance Ministry and the protracted struggle that he and various disabled groups conducted in the streets and social networks, the government decided to allocate 300 million ILS for the purpose of increasing disability allowances and amending the Laron Law.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://brookdale.jdc.org.il/en/seminar-of-laron-law/|title=Laron Law in a Seminar on Integration of People with Disabilities in Employment|website=Brookdale.jdc.org.il|date=October 17, 2017|access-date=September 2, 2024}}</ref> The move drew criticism among the disabled, who claimed that the discrimination discriminates between those with different degrees of disability and is not significant. Fridman welcomed the move, saying that this was an important move by the government, which indicated a change in its approach to the handicaps of the disabled, but expressed reservations about the decision to allocate significantly lower amounts than expected. As a protest, Fridman initiated the ''Millionaires' Parade'', a protest march that took place inside the Azrieli Mall in Tel Aviv,<ref>{{Cite web|author=Disabled, Not Half a Human Being|url=https://www.facebook.com/lohetzi/posts/1151512084914850|title=Millionaires' Parade|website=Facebook|date=August 31, 2016|access-date=September 2, 2024}}</ref> and then blocked the nearby Menachem Begin Junction with other activists. In addition to the information and communication activities on the subject of raising disability and disability benefits, the cooperation between Fridman and Finance Minister Moshe Kahlon and his team continued in order to promote the establishment of a professional committee to discuss the situation of the disabled in Israel. In December 2016, Fridman met with Prof. [[Yaron Zelekha]] and convinced him to volunteer for his organization and to help in the struggle with a professional economic advice.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Miki Haimovich|url=http://reshet.tv/item/news/the-system/season-05/episodes/season-03-episode-05-544730/|title=The System Season 5 Episode 3|website=Reshet.tv|language=he|publisher=minute 32:50 and on|date=January 2, 2018|access-date=September 2, 2024}}</ref> A month later, in January 2017, Fridman met with Kahlon, and suggested that Zelekha, who was familiar with the issue of allowances from his past position as the Accountant General, would submit conclusions on the subject.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Alex Fridman|url=https://www.myavne.co.il/נכה-לא-חצי-בן-אדם--אלכס-פרידמן-מסביר|title=Disabled, Not Half a Human Being: Alex Fridman explains|website=MYavne|language=he|date=October 15, 2017|access-date=September 2, 2024}}</ref> After publishing the report of Zelekha Committee, which determined that 4.5&nbsp;billion ILS should be assigned to recipients of disability pensions in three stages, the Prime Minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] decided to shelve the commission's conclusions, and to establish another professional committee headed by the chairman of the National Economic Council, Avi Simhon, which would decide on the issue of raising Disability pensions. The Simhon Committee's conclusions would have been a negative reference to the government's struggle against the disabled, and they would have been condemned by Fridman and his organization. Responding to the condemnation initiated coalition chairman, [[David Bitan]], a press conference to present the outline of a compromise agreed upon by all factions, including the MK Ilan Gilon. Two weeks later, this initiative was shelved, and Netanyahu announced that he intends to advance the initial recommendations of the Simhon Committee as soon as possible. The publication caused an immediate aggravation of the struggle for the disabled. On August 2, 2017, Fridman and his organization together with other disabled people demonstrated outside the home of Bitan, claiming that he had not kept his promise.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Tal Carmon|url=http://www.davar1.co.il/79346/|title=The organizations of the disabled demonstrated in front of the Knesset Member Bitan's house: "We demand to live with dignity"|website=Davar1 ("In the first place")|language=he|date=August 2, 2017|access-date=September 2, 2024}}</ref> As part of the intensification of the protest, Fridman's organization decided to go to demonstrations of blocking roads throughout the country. In one of them, the demonstrators were prevented from demonstrating at a political conference organized by the prime minister in Ashdod, five protesters arrested, and police reported that demonstrators had taken violence against the police and threatened to set themselves on fire. On the other hand, the demonstrators claimed that the police used unreasonable force. Fridman expressed his condemnation of all violence, especially against the disabled demonstrators.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Sarah Levi|url=https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Protesters-on-Highway-4-demand-higher-wage-for-the-disabled-502395|title=Protesters on Highway 4 demand higher wage for the disabled|website=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|date=August 14, 2017|access-date=September 2, 2024}}<br>{{Cite web|author=Almog Ben Zikri and Lee Yaron|url=https://www.haaretz.co.il/1.4346546|title=Police arrested five disabled people at a demonstration for disability pensions in Ashdod|website=[[Haaretz]]|language=he|date=August 14, 2017|access-date=September 2, 2024}}</ref> Meanwhile, Fridman is also struggling to raise disability allowances in the legal arena through a petition to the [[Supreme Court of Israel#High Court of Justice (HCJ)|High Court of Justice]] against the [[Knesset]] and the government, which was submitted in cooperation with the Roof Organization of the disabled (which included some 30 organizations), and the retired judges of the District Court, Tzipora Baron and Bracha Ofir-Tom By attorney Yehuda Ressler.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lee Yaron|url=https://www.haaretz.co.il/.premium-1.4149311|title=The disabled organizations petitioned the High Court of Justice against the state following the postponement of raising the allowances|website=[[Haaretz]]|language=he|date=June 6, 2017|access-date=September 2, 2024}}</ref> In response, the Knesset's legal department asked the court to reject the petition because "the disabled did not prove that it was impossible to live off their pension, which stands at 2342 ILS".<ref>{{Cite web|author=Natalie Metuku|url=https://www.kan.org.il/Item/?itemId=21463|title=The Knesset: The disabled did not prove that the disability pension was insufficient|website=Kan.org.il|language=he|date=August 9, 2018|access-date=September 2, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620051033/https://www.kan.org.il/Item/?itemId=21463|archive-date=2018-06-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Knesset's response caused a public outcry and a series of condemnations by MKs, public figures and Fridman himself. On August 29, 2017, the government also responded to the petition and argued that the procedures for resolving the disability of the disabled were being promoted, and that the Supreme Court should not intervene. On June 18, 2018, the chief justice [[Esther Hayut]] cancelled the petition in the High Court. She adjudicated that the disability pension has already been raised by legislation, and the petition should be corrected due to this raise.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lee Yaron|url=https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/education/.premium-1.6180928|title=The High Court of Justice ordered the cancellation of the petition of disability organizations to equalize the disability pension to the minimum wage|website=[[Haaretz]]|language=he|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=September 2, 2024}}</ref> [[File:Not Half A Human Being 2018.webm|thumb|thumbtime=107|right|A film about Alex Fridman, displaying the headline: "100% Disability = 2,342 ILS in a month" upon [[Moshe Kahlon]]'s face, 2018.]] On September 5, 2017, the chairman of the [[Histadrut]], Avi Nissenkorn, summoned Fridman and representatives of other disability organizations to a meeting, and announced that the Histadrut mobilized to the struggle. At the meeting attended also the heads of the factions and of the big unions, and declared their support in the outline of Professor Zelikha with a budget of 4&nbsp;billion ILS. Fridman informed all the interviews that the struggle will continue until the start of direct negotiations with the government. Nissenkorn announced he was starting a campaign "will not abandon the disabled", support the struggle of people with disabilities, and that the issue should be solved in the coming month, otherwise the Histadrut would start sanctions. A day later, on September 28, 2017, Nissenkorn, MKs Ilan Gilon and David Bitan, Prof. Avi Simhon, Alex Fridman and several other Disabled representatives gathered for a marathon meeting that lasted more than 12 hours, and presented an outline, which was based on Zelekha's outline, with two significant changes: an addition of 150 million ILS to 50,000 disabled children and a linkage to the average wage in the economy. At the end of the meeting, a compromise agreement was reached within the framework of a budget of 4.2 billion ILS. After months in which the government delayed the enactment of the agreement, Fridman announced on January 11, 2018, to renew the protest and left in the campaign billboards' abandoning the disabled – will not agree to half agreement.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Amir Alon|url=https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-5069527,00.html|title=Disabled people launch a Campaign: Netanyahu did not stand the word|website=[[Ynet]]|language=he|publisher=Length 0:42 minutes|date=January 11, 2018|access-date=September 2, 2024}}</ref> Further Fridman signed 34 leading social organizations upon a letter to Kahlon whose title was "Expect net actions", with a requirement to pass the law.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Tal Carmon|url=https://www.davar1.co.il/106378/|title=Social organizations to Kahlon: Pass the law on raising allowances in January|website=Davar1|language=he|date=January 23, 2018|access-date=September 2, 2024}}</ref> On February 12, 2018, the law passed second and third readings in a budgetary framework of 4.34&nbsp;billion ILS and entered the law book in the State of Israel.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lidar Gravé-Lazi and Lahav Harkov|url=https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Politics-And-Diplomacy/Knesset-passes-bill-for-NIS-434-billion-increase-in-disability-allotments-542481|title=Knesset passes bill for NIS 4.34&nbsp;billion increase in disability allotments|website=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|date=February 13, 2018|access-date=September 2, 2024}}<br>{{Cite web|author=Knesset Announcements|url=http://main.knesset.gov.il/News/PressReleases/Pages/press12.02.18gv.aspx|title=Finally approved: Raising the disability allowances|website=[[Knesset]]|language=he|date=February 13, 2015|access-date=September 2, 2024}}</ref> At the end of March 2018, after many protests, the disability pension was raised from 2,342 to 3,272 ILS a month. In June 2018, three students of ''"Ort Shapira"'' high school<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ort|url=https://shapira.ort.org.il/מדיה-ופרסום-3/|title=New Media and Advertising|website=Shapira Ort|language=he|access-date=September 2, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024034119/https://shapira.ort.org.il/מדיה-ופרסום-3/|archive-date=2017-10-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> in [[Kfar Saba]] made a documentary film about Fridman as their [[matriculation]] work. The film was directed by May Moran, one of the three, and described Fridman childhood, diagnosing him when he was eight years old, and being paralysed when he reached twelve. Fridman learned individually a screenplay, and on January 13, 2015, he made the struggle of the Disabled people, after watching Shlomit Anzio in [[Channel 1 (Israel)|channel one]]. In the Knesset, Fridman said that he did not accept 3,700 ILS instead of 4,000 ILS, and aborted the session. The film was ended showing the vote in the Knesset in February 2018, while 84 MKs accepted the legislation, and made 3,272 ILS instead of 2,350 ILS. Moran was shown towards the end of the film, sitting alongside Fridman in a group photo. On December 31, 2018, Fridman said that he would run to the Israeli Twenty-first Knesset.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Tal Carmon|url=https://www.davar1.co.il/167212|title=Joining the race|website=Davar1|date=December 31, 2018|access-date=September 2, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Inbar Tvizer|url=https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-5437731,00.html|title=The leader of the protest of the disabled people establishes a party: I will not be a lovely disabled|website=[[Ynet]]|date=December 31, 2018|access-date=September 2, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Alex Fridman|url=https://www.facebook.com/alexfridman/posts/10157168380622878|title=An interview at the Ynet studio|website=[[Facebook]]|language=he|date=January 1, 2019|access-date=September 2, 2024}}</ref> == Social initiatives == In addition to the struggle to raise the disability pension, Alex Fridman is involved in information activities among children and youth in lectures throughout the country. Together with Miri Or, she initiated the "Artists Create Artists" project, which promotes awareness of people with disabilities by artists with and without disabilities. The project was launched on March 19, 2017. In addition, Fridman was one of the founders of the Adif Consumer Club for People with Disabilities<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://adif.org.il/שותפים-אסטרטגיים/|title='Disabled, Not Half a Human Being' Association as a strategic partner of the consumer club Adif|website=Adif.org.il|language=he|access-date=September 2, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622140208/https://adif.org.il/שותפים-אסטרטגיים/|archive-date=2018-06-22|url-status=dead}}</ref> together with [[Bank Hapoalim]], the credit card company [[Isracard]] and the Investment Fund "2B Community".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.2b-community.com/|title=Impact Investments|website=2B-Community|access-date=September 2, 2024}}</ref> == Awards == * Fridman was chosen as one of the people of the year in the social sphere of ''[[Yediot Aharonot]]'' (2016).<ref>{{Cite web|author=Telem Yahav|url=https://www.yediot.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-4899499,00.html|title=The politicians got used to the disabled being silent|website=Yediot.co.il|language=he|date=December 27, 2016|access-date=September 2, 2024}}</ref> * One of the heroes of the year of ''Israel Today'' (2016).<ref>{{Cite web|author=Israel Hayom|url=https://www.facebook.com/IsraelHayom/videos/1286842774697241/|title=Heroes of the Year – a special project of "Israel Today" for Chanukah|website=Facebook|language=he|publisher=Length 0:42 minutes|date=December 28, 2016|access-date=September 2, 2024}}</ref> * One of the influential in the economics magazine ''Liberal'' (2017).<ref>{{Cite web|author=Disabled, Not Half a Human Being|url=https://www.facebook.com/lohetzi/posts/1541318572600864|title=Disabled Protest as the social struggle of the year, ''Liberal'' magazine|website=Facebook|language=he|date=September 14, 2017|access-date=September 2, 2024}}</ref> * Man of the Year in the television program ''Paula and Leon'' (2017).<ref>{{Cite web|author=Paula and Leon|url=https://www.facebook.com/paulaANDleon.keshet12/posts/752493684936562|title=Man of the Year in the Paula and Leon TV program|website=Facebook|language=he|publisher=Length 7:11 minutes|date=December 31, 2017|access-date=September 2, 2024}}</ref> * One of the torchlighters of the Jerusalem Festival of people with Special Needs ''("Tzamid")'' on the occasion of Israel's 70th Independence Day (2018).<ref>{{Cite web|author=Events in Jerusalem|url=https://www.jerusalem.muni.il/en/Visitors/EventsInJerusalem/Pages/Tzamid.aspx|title=Tzamid – The 2018 Special Needs Festival|website=Jerusalem.muni.il|date=2018-06-10|access-date=September 2, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622140159/https://www.jerusalem.muni.il/en/Visitors/EventsInJerusalem/Pages/Tzamid.aspx|archive-date=2018-06-22|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Ynet|url=https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-5281104,00.html|title=The Tzamid Festival: 70 Years and still a War of Independence|website=[[Ynet]]|language=he|date=June 11, 2018|access-date=September 2, 2024}}</ref> * In September 2018, ''[[Calcalist]]'' chose Fridman among the hundred people who most influenced the world in 2018, stating: "Fridman stood out not only because of his sense of purpose, but because he made the most powerful media of the disabled people – his Facebook page, from which his organization has increased" (2018).<ref>{{Cite web|author=Shachar Ilan|url=https://www.calcalist.co.il/local/articles/0,7340,L-3745441,00.html|title=The hundred most influencing people in 2018|website=Calcalist.co.il|language=he|date=September 5, 2018|access-date=September 2, 2024}}</ref> * In October 2018, Fridman was chosen as one of the most ten influential immigrants from the [[Soviet Union]] upon the Israeli society, by the newspaper ''[[Vesti (Israeli newspaper)|Vesti]]'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite web|author=Vesty|url=https://www.vesty.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-5365567,00.html|title=4. Alex Friedman: "People in wheelchairs changed the country"|website=[[Vesti (Israeli newspaper)|Vesti]]|language=ru|date=October 16, 2018|access-date=September 2, 2024|archive-date=October 15, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241015195625/https://www.vesty.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-5365567,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * On November 1, 2018, in a "Man of the Year 2018" ceremony, which was made by ''[[Israel Plus|Channel Nine]]'' at [[Gesher Theater]] in [[Jaffa]], Fridman, who was a candidate of the community benefit, won the prize (2018).<ref>{{Cite web|author=Channel Nine|url=http://9tv.co.il/news/2018/11/01/263554.html|title=On the ninth – "Man of the Year" – Channel 9 awards presented in Jaffa|website=9tv.co.il|language=ru|quote=The Israeli economic publication Calcalist included Alex Friedman in the list of the 100 most influential people in the world, where he was the only Israeli representative of the Russian-speaking community.|date=November 1, 2018|access-date=September 2, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Channel 9 Israel|url=https://www.facebook.com/9tvcoil/posts/497743070722634|title=The award ceremony of the 9th channel 'Man of the Year 2018'|website=Facebook|language=ru|publisher=From hour 2:04:03 to 2:09:56, total length 2:32:30 hours|date=November 1, 2018|access-date=September 2, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Disabled, Not Half a Human Being|url=https://www.facebook.com/lohetzi/posts/2026168357449214|title=Fridman with the prize. His mother stands on the left, and MK Tali Ploskov on the right|website=[[Facebook]]|language=he|date=November 9, 2018|access-date=September 2, 2024}}</ref> * On December 3, 2018, the [[United Nations' International Day of Persons with Disabilities]], Fridman got a certificate of appreciation from Zvi Gov-Ari, the mayor of [[Yavne]], his city (2018).<ref>{{Cite web|author=Alex Fridman|url=https://www.facebook.com/alexfridman/posts/10157090587832878|title=I was very moved today to receive a certificate of appreciation from the Mayor of Yavne, Mr. Zvi Gov-Ari|website=[[Facebook]]|date=December 3, 2018|access-date=September 2, 2024}}</ref> * On December 25, 2018, Shlomit Len from ''Globes'' chose Fridman as the man of the year (2018).<ref>{{Cite web|author=Shlomit Len|url=https://www.globes.co.il/news/article.aspx?did=1001266451|title=Without any limitation: Alex Friedman put the struggle of the disabled people on the map|website=Globes.co.il|date=December 25, 2018|access-date=September 2, 2024}}</ref> == Related pages == * [[Disability benefits]] * [[Disability Living Allowance]] == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == * {{Facebook|alexfridman|Alex Fridman}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fridman, Alex}} [[Category:1988 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Israeli activists]] eh9mv0sbmz43eoq4zeiaoj7rmwr786v 2 1122917 10368254 9836500 2025-07-02T20:58:40Z Ferien 1011873 start on production 10368254 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Requirements for good articles== #''The article must be about a subject that belongs in Wikipedia''. There is no use improving articles that do not belong here, and better fit another wiki, like Wikibooks, Wikispecies, Wiktionary... {{tick}} #''The article must be fairly complete.'' Usually, articles should be a few kilobytes long, although shorter pages may also be nominated. {{bang}} #''The article must have gone through a few revisions, possibly by different editors.'' No one writes perfect articles. {{bang}} #''The article must be filed in the appropriate category. It must have at least one interwiki link.'' {{tick}} #''The article should be [[wikt:stable|stable]]. It should not have many recent big changes or any current [[Wikipedia:Change war|change wars]].'' {{bang}} #''All important terms should be linked and there must not be many red links left.'' Red links point to articles that do not exist yet. Usually the important word or phrase is only linked the first time it occurs. {{bang}} #''If there are any illustrations, they must be related to the article. They must also be properly labelled.'' {{tick}} #''There must be no templates pointing to the fact that the article needs improvement.'' Some of these templates are {{tl|complex}}, {{tl|cleanup}}, {{tl|stub}}, {{tl|unreferenced}} and {{tl|wikify}}. The article also should not need them. {{tick}} #''Content that is from books, journal articles or other publications needs to be referenced.'' This can either be done with <nowiki><ref>..</ref><references/></nowiki> tags, or as a list of publications. {{tick}} ==Current thoughts== *Reception is a bit messy. Made up of '''Critical response''' and '''Accolades''' **'''Critical response''' Alright but there are a lot of quotations that are sure to technically make the article more complex. Is it worth cutting down on those or paraphrasing where possible like was done with a couple of the reviews? **<s>'''Accolades''' Big table with a lot of redlinks. Is all of this achievable? It is easier for the reader as we don't have to describe each and every award but is it worth it? Not sure right now.</s> Removed. ==sandbox to play== below comes from [[:w:Special:Diff/1298397174]]. ==Production== ===Development=== [[File:House from The Truman Show film.jpg|thumb|This house in [[Seaside, Florida]], served as Truman's home. The house is owned by the Gaetz family, which includes U.S. politicians [[Don Gaetz|Don]] and [[Matt Gaetz]].]] [[Andrew Niccol]] had an idea to create ''The Malcolm Show'' in May 1991.<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Benedict |last=Carver |title='Truman' suit retort |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=June 22, 1998 |url=https://variety.com/1998/film/news/truman-suit-retort-1117477740/ |access-date=May 15, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105131248/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117477740 |archive-date=November 5, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> This was more like a science fiction [[thriller (genre)|thriller]], set in New York City.<ref name="part1">{{Cite video |title=How's It Going to End? The Making of The Truman Show, Part 1 |year=2005 |publisher=Paramount Pictures |medium=DVD}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Davids |first=Brian |date=July 4, 2023 |title='The Truman Show' Writer Andrew Niccol on the Original Script's Darker Tone and Connection to 'Gattaca' |magazine=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/the-truman-show-writer-darker-script-1235528928/ |access-date=February 4, 2024}}</ref> Niccol said, "I think everyone questions the authenticity of their lives at certain points. It's like when kids ask if they're adopted."<ref name="Johnston" /> In the fall of 1993,<ref name="debut" /> producer [[Scott Rudin]] purchased the script for slightly over $1&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite magazine |last= Fleming |first= Michael |title=TriStar acquires female bounty hunter project |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=February 18, 1994 |url=https://variety.com/1994/film/news/tristar-acquires-female-bounty-hunter-project-118435/ |access-date= March 8, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721134654/http://www.variety.com/article/VR118435.html?categoryid=13&cs=1&query=%22The+Truman+Show%22 |archive-date=July 21, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Paramount Pictures]] agreed to distribute. Part of the deal called for Niccol to make his directing debut, though Paramount executives felt the estimated $80&nbsp;million budget would be too high for him.<ref>{{Cite web |title=''S1MONE's'' Sire |last=Blackwelder |first=Rob |website=splicedonline.com |date=August 12, 2002 |url=http://www.splicedonline.com/02features/aniccol.html |access-date=March 28, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412211543/http://www.splicedonline.com/02features/aniccol.html |archive-date=April 12, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In addition, Paramount wanted to go with an [[A-list]] director, paying Niccol extra money "to step aside". [[Brian De Palma]] was under negotiations to direct before he left [[United Talent Agency]] (UTA) in March 1994.<ref name="debut">{{cite magazine |first=Michael |last=Fleming |title=''SNL's'' Farley crashes filmdom | magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=March 10, 1994 |url=https://variety.com/1994/voices/columns/snl-s-farley-crashes-filmdom-119056/ |access-date=March 8, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023180051/http://variety.com/article/VR119056.html?categoryid=3&cs=1 |archive-date=October 23, 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> Directors who were considered after De Palma's departure included [[Tim Burton]], [[Sam Raimi]], [[Terry Gilliam]], [[David Cronenberg]], [[Barry Sonnenfeld]] and [[Steven Spielberg]] before Peter Weir signed on in early 1995,<ref name="pro"/><ref>{{cite news |first=John |last=Clark |title=The Complexity of Cronenberg |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=April 22, 1999 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-apr-22-ca-29730-story.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=2024-10-15}}</ref> following a recommendation of Niccol.<ref name="Johnston" /> [[Bryan Singer]] wanted to direct but Paramount decided to go with the more experienced Weir.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bernard |first=Weinraub |title=An Unusual Choice for the Role of Studio Superhero |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 9, 2000}}</ref> Weir wanted the film to be funnier, feeling that Niccol's script was too dark, and declaring, "where [Niccol] had it depressing, I could make it light. It could convince audiences they could watch a show in this scope 24/7." Niccol wrote sixteen drafts of the script before Weir considered the script ready for filming. Later in 1995, Jim Carrey signed to star,<ref name="part1" /> but because of commitments with ''[[The Cable Guy]]'' and ''[[Liar Liar]]'', he would not be ready to start filming for at least another year.<ref name="pro" /> Weir felt Carrey was perfect for the role and opted to wait for another year rather than recast the role.<ref name="part1" /> Niccol rewrote the script twelve times,<ref name="pro" /> while Weir created a fictionalized book about the show's history.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Niccol |first=Andrew |title=The Truman Show: The Shooting Script |publisher=Newmarket |year=2012 |isbn=9781557043672 |location=New York City |publication-date=2012 |pages=xi-xii}}</ref> He envisioned backstories for the characters and encouraged actors to do the same.<ref name="part1" /> Weir scouted locations in [[Eastern Florida]] but was dissatisfied with the landscapes. [[Sound stage]]s at Universal Studios were reserved for the story's setting of Seahaven before Weir's wife [[Wendy Stites]] introduced him to [[Seaside, Florida]], a "master-planned community" located in the [[Florida Panhandle]]. Pre-production offices were immediately opened in Seaside, where the majority of filming took place. The scenes of Truman's house were filmed at a residence owned by the Gaetz family, which included Florida State Senator [[Don Gaetz]] and U.S. representative [[Matt Gaetz]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/rep-matt-gaetz-wants-you-to-know-who-he-is-and-his-plan-is-working/2018/02/20/2dfce71e-126a-11e8-8ea1-c1d91fcec3fe_story.html |title=Rep. Matt Gaetz wants you to know who he is, and his plan is working |last=Zak |first=Dan |date=February 20, 2018 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url-access=subscription |access-date=October 24, 2019 |archive-date=July 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713225153/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/rep-matt-gaetz-wants-you-to-know-who-he-is-and-his-plan-is-working/2018/02/20/2dfce71e-126a-11e8-8ea1-c1d91fcec3fe_story.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The scene at the Seahaven Nuclear Power Station was filmed outside the front entrance of the Lansing Smith Generating Plant at [[Lynn Haven, Florida|Lynn Haven]], operated at the time by [[Gulf Power Company|Gulf Power]]. Other scenes were shot at Paramount Studios in Los Angeles, California.<ref name="part2">{{cite video | title = How's It Going to End? The Making of The Truman Show, Part 2| medium = DVD | publisher = Paramount Pictures |year = 2005}}</ref> [[Norman Rockwell]] paintings and 1960s postcards were used as inspiration for the film's design.<ref name="Rudolph" /><ref name="finish" /> Weir, [[Peter Biziou]] and [[Dennis Gassner]] researched surveillance techniques for certain shots.<ref name="Rudolph" /> ===Casting=== Though [[Robin Williams]] was considered for the role of Truman, Weir cast Carrey after seeing him in ''[[Ace Ventura: Pet Detective]]'', citing that Carrey's performance reminded him of [[Charlie Chaplin]].<ref name="pro">{{cite magazine |last=Svetkey |first=Benjamin |title=Jim Carrey's serious turn in The Truman Show |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=June 5, 1998 |url=https://ew.com/article/1998/06/05/jim-carreys-serious-turn-truman-show/ |access-date=March 16, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217162436/https://ew.com/article/1998/06/05/jim-carreys-serious-turn-truman-show/ |archive-date=February 17, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Gary Oldman]] did test footage for the role.<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Julie |last=Miller |title=Twenty Years Later, Everything is the Truman Show |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] | date=June 5, 2018 |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2018/06/truman-show-anniversary-jim-carrey-peter-weir-laura-linney |url-access=subscription |access-date=2024-10-15}}</ref> Carrey took the role so he would be known as a multifaceted actor, rather than being [[Typecasting|typecast]] in comedic roles.<ref>{{cite news |first=Bernard |last=Weinraub |author-link=Bernard Weinraub |title=Director Tries a Fantasy As He Questions Reality |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 21, 1998 |page=E1 |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D01E0D71539F932A15756C0A96E958260 |url-access=subscription |access-date=April 1, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713225146/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/05/21/movies/director-tries-a-fantasy-as-he-questions-reality.html |archive-date=July 13, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Carrey was normally paid $20&nbsp;million per film but agreed to do ''The Truman Show'' for $12&nbsp;million.<ref name="12mil">{{cite magazine |first=Anita M. |last=Busch |title=New ''Truman'' villain: Harris |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=April 7, 1997 |url=https://variety.com/1997/scene/vpage/new-truman-villain-harris-1117435072/ |access-date=March 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327080406/http://variety.com/1997/scene/vpage/new-truman-villain-harris-1117435072/ |archive-date=March 27, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Carrey also said it was the fastest that he ever accepted a role.<ref>{{cite web |first=Mike |last=Jones |title=The Truman Show is the Fastest Jim Carrey Ever Said Yes to a Role |website=[[Screen Rant]] |date=April 4, 2022 |url=https://screenrant.com/the-truman-show-jim-carrey-cast-fastest-response/ |access-date=2024-10-15}}</ref> Carrey brought his own innovations to the role, including the idea for the scene in which Truman declares "this planet Trumania of the Burbank galaxy" to the bathroom mirror.<ref name="part2" /> The film started production with [[Dennis Hopper]] in the role of Christof, but he left in April 1997 soon after filming began due to "creative differences".<ref name="12mil" /><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-04-09-ca-46744-story.html | title=Is Jim Carrey Flying in the Face of Success, Again? | website=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date=April 9, 1997 }}</ref> Hopper later stated that he was fired after two days because Weir and producer [[Scott Rudin]] had made a deal that if they did not both approve of Hopper's performance, they would replace him.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Alex |last=Godfrey |title=Farewell then Dennis Hopper |website=sabotagetimes.com |url=https://sabotagetimes.com/tv-film/at-home-with-dennis-hopper |access-date=August 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805071652/https://sabotagetimes.com/tv-film/at-home-with-dennis-hopper |archive-date=August 5, 2019 |url-status=usurped}}</ref> A number of other actors turned down the role after Hopper's departure, until [[Ed Harris]] agreed to step in after meeting them in Malibu.<ref name="part2" /><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/the-truman-show-ed-harris-1234994300/ | title='The Truman Show' Star ed Harris Looks Back on His "Pretty Twisted" Character | website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] | date=August 13, 2021 }}</ref> Harris later stated that he pitched the notion of making Christof a [[Kyphosis|hunchback]], but Weir did not like the idea.<ref name="pro" /> After [[Laura Linney]] was hired to play the actress pretending to be Meryl, Truman's wife, she studied [[Sears, Roebuck and Company|Sears]] catalogs from the 1950s to develop her character's poses.<ref name="part1" /> ===Filming=== Filming took place from December 9, 1996, to April 21, 1997.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Truman Show |publisher=[[Turner Classic Movies]] |url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/333464/the-truman-show/#notes |access-date=2024-10-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Photos: Historic Florida town of Seaside during the filming of the Truman Show in 1998 |via=[[The St. Augustine Record]] |work=[[The Florida Times-Union]] |url=https://www.staugustine.com/photogallery/LK/20191205/PHOTOGALLERY/120509985/PH/1 |access-date=June 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301041805/https://www.staugustine.com/photogallery/LK/20191205/PHOTOGALLERY/120509985/PH/1 |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Its overall look was influenced by television images, particularly commercials: Many shots have characters leaning into the lens with their eyes wide open, and the interior scenes are heavily lit because Weir wanted to remind viewers that "in this world, everything was for sale".<ref name="Rudolph">{{cite magazine |last=Rudolph |first=Eric |date=June 1998 |title=This is Your Life: The Truman Show |url=https://theasc.com/articles/this-is-your-life-the-truman-show |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508023100/https://theasc.com/articles/this-is-your-life-the-truman-show |archive-date=May 8, 2023 |access-date=May 25, 2025 |magazine=[[American Cinematographer]]}}</ref> Those involved in visual effects work found the film somewhat difficult to make because 1997 was the year many visual effects companies were trying to convert to [[computer-generated imagery]] (CGI).<ref name="finish">{{cite AV media |title=Faux Finishing, the Visual Effects of The Truman Show |medium=DVD |publisher=Paramount Pictures |year=2005}}</ref> CGI was used to create the upper halves of some of the larger buildings in the film's downtown set. Craig Barron, one of the effects supervisors, said that these digital models did not have to look as detailed and weathered as they normally would in a film because of the artificial look of the entire town, although they did imitate slight blemishes found in the physical buildings.<ref>{{cite book |last=Rickitt |first=Richard |title=Special Effects: The History and Technique |publisher=[[Billboard Books]] |year=2000 |pages=207–208 |isbn=0-8230-7733-0}}</ref> e4jdsr1wdlno2iyg73giifblfl1aca8 0 1124597 10367900 10202709 2025-07-02T16:39:57Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ US-EN 10367900 wikitext text/x-wiki '''The Carol Burnett Show''' is an American television [[sitcom]] created by [[Carol Burnett]]. It originally aired from September 11, 1967 to March 29, 1978 on [[CBS]]. ==Other websites== *{{imdb title|0061240}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carol Burnett Show, The}} [[Category:CBS network shows]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:1960s television series debuts]] [[Category:1967 American television series debuts]] [[Category:1978 American television series endings]] [[Category:1960s American sitcoms]] [[Category:1970s American sitcoms]] {{TV-stub}} ctk15e9ip4thnovwrtjg672yelvrcl3 0 1125232 10367902 9724405 2025-07-02T16:41:39Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ US-EN 10367902 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Caroline in the City''' is an American television [[sitcom]]. It originally aired from September 21, 1995 to April 26, 1999 on [[NBC]]. ==Other websites== *{{imdb title|0111910}} [[Category:NBC network series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:1995 American television series debuts]] [[Category:1999 American television series endings]] [[Category:1990s American sitcoms]] {{TV-stub}} lgubetguap1qlbd6p12do6bgaio2dvr 0 1125444 10368589 10198116 2025-07-03T00:36:08Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Friday */ Typo: duplication 10368589 wikitext text/x-wiki {{USTV|1976}} This is the '''1976–77 network [[television]] [[schedule]]'''. It shows the 3 biggest [[List of United States over-the-air television networks|broadcast networks in the United States]]. The schedule shows the [[primetime]] hours from September 1976 to August 1977. This is also called the [[1975-76 United States network television schedule|1975–76 season]]. The schedule also has a [[#By network|list per network]]. This list shows the series that continued to happen, series that were new, and series that were [[Cancellation (television)|cancelled]]. Most of the times are in [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern]] or [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific]]. The highest-rated shows are highlighted. The rankings are decided by [[Nielsen Media Research]].<ref name="BM2">Highest-rated series is based on the annual top-rated programs list compiled by [[Nielsen Media Research]] and reported in: Brooks, Tim & Marsh, Earle (2007). ''The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network TV Shows'' (9th ed.). New York: Ballantine. {{ISBN|978-0-345-49773-4}}.</ref> :{{Color box|yellow|border=darkgray}} Yellow shows the 10 best shows from the season :{{Color box|cyan|border=darkgray}} Cyan shows the 20 best shows from the season :{{Color box|FF22FF|border=darkgray}} Magenta shows the 30 best shows from the season. == Sunday == {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;margin-right:0;text-align:center" |- ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| Network ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 7:00 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 7:30 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 8:00 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 8:30 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 9:00 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 9:30 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 10:00 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 10:30 PM |- ! bgcolor="#C0C0C0" rowspan="2" | [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] ! Fall | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" | '''''[[Cos (TV series)|Cos]]''''' | bgcolor="#FFFF00" colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''[[The Six Million Dollar Man]]'' (7/24.2) | bgcolor="#FFFF00" colspan="4" rowspan="2" | ''[[The ABC Sunday Night Movie]]'' (8/23.4)<br/><small>(Tied with ''[[Baretta]]'' and ''[[One Day at a Time (1975 TV series)|One Day at a Time]]'')</small> |- ! Winter | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" | '''''[[Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew Mysteries]]''''' |- ! bgcolor="#C0C0C0" rowspan="3" | [[CBS]] ! Fall | bgcolor="#00FFFF" colspan="2" rowspan="3" | ''[[60 Minutes]]'' (18/21.9)<br/><small>(Tied with ''[[Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series)|Hawaii Five-O]]'')</small> | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" | ''[[The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour|The Sonny and Cher Show]]'' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" | ''[[Kojak]]'' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" rowspan="3" | '''''[[Delvecchio (TV series)|Delvecchio]]''''' |- ! Winter | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="1" rowspan="2" | ''[[Rhoda]]'' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="1" | ''[[Phyllis (TV series)|Phyllis]]'' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''[[Switch (American TV series)|Switch]]'' |- ! Summer | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="1" | '''''[[Starland Vocal Band|Starland Vocal Band Show]]''''' |- ! bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" | [[NBC]] | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" | ''[[Disney anthology television series|The Wonderful World of Disney]]'' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="3" | ''[[The NBC Mystery Movie|NBC Sunday Mystery Movie]]'': ''[[Columbo (TV series)|Columbo]]'' / ''[[McCloud (TV series)|McCloud]]'' / ''[[McMillan & Wife|McMillan]]'' / '''''[[Quincy, M.E.]]''''' / '''''[[Lanigan's Rabbi]]''''' (beginning winter) | bgcolor="#FFFF00" colspan="3" | '''''The Big Event''''' (6/24.4) |} == Monday == {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;margin-right:0;text-align:center" |- ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| Network ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 8:00 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 8:30 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 9:00 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 9:30 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 10:00 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 10:30 PM |- ! bgcolor="#C0C0C0" rowspan="6" | [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] ! Fall | colspan="2" rowspan="2" bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''[[Captain & Tennille|The Captain and Tennille]]''''' | bgcolor="#FF22FF" colspan="4" | ''[[Monday Night Football|ABC NFL Monday Night Football]]'' (22/21.2) |- ! Winter | bgcolor="#FFFF00" colspan="4" | ''The ABC Monday Night Movie'' (3/26.0) |- ! Spring | colspan="2" bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''[[The Brady Bunch Hour]]''''' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" | '''''[[Most Wanted (1976 TV series)|Most Wanted]]''''' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" | '''''[[The Feather and Father Gang]]''''' |- ! Summer | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''The ABC Monday Night Comedy Special''''' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="5" rowspan="3" | ''[[Major League Baseball on ABC|Monday Night Baseball]]'' |- ! August | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''[[Holmes & Yoyo]]''''' |- ! Follow-up | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''The ABC Monday Night Comedy Special''''' |- ! bgcolor="#C0C0C0" rowspan="4" | [[CBS]] ! Fall | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | ''[[Rhoda]]'' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | ''[[Phyllis (TV series)|Phyllis]]'' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" rowspan="4" | ''[[Maude (TV series)|Maude]]'' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" rowspan="4" | '''''[[All's Fair]]''''' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" | '''''[[Executive Suite (TV series)|Executive Suite]]''''' |- ! Winter | bgcolor="#FF00FF" rowspan="3" | ''[[The Jeffersons]]'' (24/21.0) | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''[[Busting Loose (TV series)|Busting Loose]]''''' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" | '''''[[The Andros Targets]]''''' |- ! Summer | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''[[Shields and Yarnell|The Shields and Yarnell Show]]''''' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''[[The Sonny and Cher Show]]'' |- ! August | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''[[Szysznyk]]''''' |- ! bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" | [[NBC]] | bgcolor="#00FFFF" colspan="2" | ''[[Little House on the Prairie (TV series)|Little House on the Prairie]]'' (15/22.3)<br/><small>(Tied with ''[[The Waltons]]'')</small> | bgcolor="#00FFFF" colspan="4" | ''[[The NBC Monday Movie|NBC Monday Night at the Movies]]'' (20/21.8) |} '''Note:''' '''[[The Brady Bunch Hour]]''' was also sometimes [[aired]] in November 1976. However, it was not a weekly until February 1977. == Tuesday == {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;margin-right:0;text-align:center" |- ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| Network ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 8:00 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 8:30 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 9:00 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 9:30 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 10:00 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 10:30 PM |- ! rowspan="4" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" | [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] ! Fall | rowspan="4" bgcolor="#FFFF00" | ''[[Happy Days]]'' (1/31.5) | rowspan="4" bgcolor="#FFFF00" | ''[[Laverne & Shirley]]'' (2/30.9) | bgcolor="#FF22FF" colspan="2" | '''''[[Rich Man, Poor Man Book II]]''''' (21/21.6) | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''[[Family (1976 TV series)|Family]]'' |- ! Winter | bgcolor="#FF22FF" colspan="2" | '''''[[Eight Is Enough]]''''' (23/21.1) |- ! Summer | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="4" | ''[[Rich Man, Poor Man (TV miniseries)|Rich Man, Poor Man]]'' |- !Follow-up | colspan="4" bgcolor="#F0F0F0" |''The ABC Tuesday Night Movie'' |- ! rowspan="4" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" | [[CBS]] ! Fall | colspan="2" bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | ''[[Tony Orlando and Dawn (TV series)|The Tony Orlando and Dawn Rainbow Hour]]'' | rowspan="4" bgcolor="#FFFF00" | ''[[M*A*S*H (TV series)|M*A*S*H]]'' (4/25.9) | rowspan="4" bgcolor="#FFFF00" | ''[[One Day at a Time (1975 TV series)|One Day at a Time]]'' (8/23.4)<br /><small>(Tied with [[The ABC Sunday Night Movie]] and ''[[Baretta]]'')</small> | colspan="2" bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | ''[[Switch (American TV series)|Switch!]]'' |- ! Winter | colspan="2" bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''Who's Who''''' | colspan="2" rowspan="3" bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | ''[[Kojak]]'' |- !Summer | colspan="2" bgcolor="#F0F0F0" |''[[The Family Holvak (TV series)|The Family Holvak]]'' |- !Mid-Summer | bgcolor="#F0F0F0"|''[[The Jack Benny Show]]'' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0"|''[[Phyllis]]'' |- ! bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" | [[NBC]] | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" | '''''[[Baa Baa Black Sheep (TV series)|Baa Baa Black Sheep]]''''' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" | ''[[Police Woman (TV series)|Police Woman]]'' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" | ''[[Police Story (1973 TV series)|Police Story]]'' |} '''Note:''' On [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]], the 1977 [[television miniseries|miniseries]] ''[[Rich Man, Poor Man (TV miniseries)|Rich Man, Poor Man]]'' had [[Rerun|reruns]] of the 1976 1976 miniseries. On [[CBS]], ''[[The Family Holvak (TV series)|The Family Holvak]]'' had reruns of the 1975 [[NBC]] series. However, this show was replaced with ''The Jack Benny Show'' for 4 weeks. == Wednesday == {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;margin-right:0;text-align:center" |- ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| Network ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 8:00 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 8:30 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 9:00 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 9:30 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 10:00 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 10:30 PM |- ! rowspan="3" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" | [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] !Fall | bgcolor="#00FFFF" colspan="2" | ''[[The Bionic Woman]]'' (14/22.4) | colspan="2" rowspan="2" bgcolor="#FFFF00" | ''[[Baretta]]'' (8/23.4)<br/><small>(Tied with [[The ABC Sunday Night Movie]] and ''[[One Day at a Time (1975 TV series)|One Day at a Time]]'')</small> | colspan="2" rowspan="2" bgcolor="#FFFF00" | '''''[[Charlie's Angels]]''''' (5/25.8) |- !Summer | colspan="2" bgcolor="#F0F0F0" |''[[Donny & Marie (1976 TV series)|Donny & Marie]]'' |- !Follow-up | colspan="2" bgcolor="#F0F0F0" |'''''[[Eight Is Enough]]''''' | colspan="2" bgcolor="#F0F0F0" |'''''[[Charlie's Angels]]''''' | colspan="2" bgcolor="#F0F0F0" |''[[Baretta]]'' |- ! bgcolor="#C0C0C0" rowspan="6" | [[CBS]] ! Fall | bgcolor="#FF22FF" rowspan="6" | ''[[Good Times]]'' (26/20.5) | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''[[Ball Four (TV series)|Ball Four]]''''' | bgcolor="#00FFFF" | ''[[All in the Family]]'' (12/22.9) | bgcolor="#FF22FF" | '''''[[Alice (American TV series)|Alice]]''''' (30/20.0) | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" | ''[[The Blue Knight (TV series)|The Blue Knight]]'' |- ! October | bgcolor="#FF22FF" | ''[[The Jeffersons]]'' (24/21.0) | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="4" rowspan="5" | ''The CBS Wednesday Night Movie'' |- ! Winter | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | ''[[The Jacksons (TV series)|The Jacksons]]'' |- ! Spring | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''[[Loves Me, Loves Me Not (TV series)|Loves Me, Loves Me Not]]''''' |- ! Summer | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''[[Alice (American TV series)|Alice]]''''' |- ! Follow-up | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''[[Busting Loose (TV series)|Busting Loose]]''''' |- ! bgcolor="#C0C0C0" rowspan="7" | [[NBC]] ! Fall | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | ''[[The Practice (1976 TV series)|The Practice]]'' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="3" | '''''NBC Movie of the Week''''' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" rowspan="2" | '''''[[The Quest (1976 TV series)|The Quest]]''''' |- ! December | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''[[C.P.O. Sharkey]]''''' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''[[The McLean Stevenson Show]]''''' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''[[Sirota's Court]]''''' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | ''[[The Practice (1976 TV series)|The Practice]]'' |- ! Winter | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" rowspan="5" | '''''[[The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams]]''''' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" rowspan="2" | '''''[[C.P.O. Sharkey]]''''' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''[[The McLean Stevenson Show]]''''' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" | '''''[[Quinn Martin's Tales of the Unexpected]]''''' |- ! Spring | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''[[Sirota's Court]]''''' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" rowspan="3" | '''''[[Kingston: Confidential]]''''' |- ! Summer | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" | '''''[[3 Girls 3]]''''' |- ! July | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" rowspan="2" | '''''[[C.P.O. Sharkey]]''''' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''[[Comedy Time]]''''' |- !August | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''[[The Kallikaks]]''''' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" | '''''[[Quinn Martin's Tales of the Unexpected]]''''' |} '''NOTE:''' On [[NBC]], ''[[Comedy Time]]'' was an [[anthology series]] that showed [[television pilot]]s. These were [[aired]] on Wednesdays in July. They were also aired on July 21, 28, August 25, and September 1. == Thursday == {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;margin-right:0;text-align:center" |- ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| Network ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 8:00 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 8:30 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 9:00 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 9:30 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 10:00 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 10:30 PM |- ! bgcolor="#C0C0C0" rowspan="3" | [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] ! Fall | bgcolor="#00FFFF" rowspan="3" | ''[[Welcome Back, Kotter]]'' (13/22.7) | bgcolor="#00FFFF" | ''[[Barney Miller]]'' (17/22.2) | bgcolor="#FF22FF" | '''''[[The Tony Randall Show]]''''' (29/20.1) | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''[[The Nancy Walker Show]]''''' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" | ''[[The Streets of San Francisco]]'' |- ! Winter | rowspan="2" bgcolor="#FF00FF" | ''[[What's Happening!!]]'' (25/20.9) | bgcolor="#0FFFFF" rowspan="2" | ''[[Barney Miller]]'' (17/22.2) | bgcolor="#FF22FF" | '''''[[The Tony Randall Show]]''''' (29/20.1) | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" rowspan="2" | '''''[[Westside Medical]]''''' |- ! Spring | bgcolor="0FFFFF" | '''''[[Three's Company]]''''' (11/23.1) |- ! bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" | [[CBS]] | bgcolor="#00FFFF" colspan="2" | ''[[The Waltons]]'' (15/22.3)<br/><small>(Tied with ''[[Little House on the Prairie (TV series)|Little House on the Prairie]]'')</small> | bgcolor="#00FFFF" colspan="2" | ''[[Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series)|Hawaii Five-O]]'' (18/21.9)<br/><small>(Tied with ''[[60 Minutes]]'')</small> | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" | ''[[Barnaby Jones]]'' |- ! rowspan="4" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" | [[NBC]] ! Fall | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" | '''''[[Gemini Man (TV series)|Gemini Man]]''''' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" rowspan="2" | '''''[[Best Sellers (TV series)|NBC's Best Sellers]]''''' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" | '''''[[Van Dyke and Company]]''''' |- ! November | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" | '''''[[Van Dyke and Company]]''''' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" | '''''[[Gibbsville (TV series)|Gibbsville]]''''' |- ! Winter | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" | '''''[[The Fantastic Journey]]''''' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="4" | '''''[[Best Sellers (TV series)|NBC's Best Sellers]]''''' |- !Summer | colspan="2" bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''[[Comedy Time]]''''' / ''Specials'' | colspan="4" bgcolor="#F0F0F0" |''NBC Thursday Night at the Movies'' |} '''Notes:''' [[NBC]] wanted to [[Broadcasting|broadcast]] ''[[Snip (TV series)|Snip]]'' on Thursdays at 9:30. ''[[The Practice (1976 TV series)|The Practice]]'' would broadcast at 9:00. However, on August 28, NBC said they changed their [[Schedule|schedules]]. Because of this, they never broadcasted ''Snip''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tvobscurities.com/articles/cancelled_before_they_premiered/ |title = Programs Cancelled Before They Premiered - TVObscurities}}</ref> On [[NBC]], ''[[Comedy Time]]'' was an [[anthology series]] that showed unsold [[television pilot]]s. These were [[aired]] on Wednesdays in July. They were also aired on July 21, 28, August 25, and September 1. == Friday == {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;margin-right:0;text-align:center" |- ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| Network ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 8:00 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 8:30 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 9:00 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 9:30 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 10:00 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 10:30 PM |- ! bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" | [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" | ''[[Donny & Marie (1976 TV series)|Donny & Marie]]'' | bgcolor="#FF22FF" colspan="4" | ''The ABC Friday Night Movie'' (28/20.2) |- ! rowspan="6" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" | [[CBS]] ! Fall | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" | '''''[[Spencer's Pilots]]''''' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="4" | ''The CBS Friday Night Movie'' |- ! Winter | colspan="2" rowspan="4" bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''[[Code R]]''''' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''[[The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour|The Sonny & Cher Show]]'' | colspan="2" bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''[[Executive Suite (TV series)|Executive Suite]]''''' |- ! Follow-up | colspan="2" rowspan="2" bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''[[Hunter (U.S. 1977 TV series)|Hunter]]''''' |- ! April | colspan="2" bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''[[Nashville 99]]''''' |- ! Follow-up | colspan="4" rowspan="2" bgcolor="#F0F0F0" |''The CBS Friday Night Movie'' |- ! Summer | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''[[A Year at the Top]]''''' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''[[The Keane Brothers Show]]''''' |- ! bgcolor="#C0C0C0" rowspan="2" | [[NBC]] ! Fall | bgcolor="#FF22FF" rowspan="2" | ''[[Sanford and Son]]'' (27/20.3) | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" rowspan="2" | ''[[Chico and the Man]]'' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''[[The Rockford Files]]'' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" | '''''[[Serpico (TV series)|Serpico]]''''' |- ! Winter | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" | '''''[[Quincy, M.E.]]''''' |} '''Note:''' A new program called '''''Campaign '76''''' was [[broadcast]] on [[CBS]]. It was showed from 7:30 to 8:00 pm. This was showed from September to early November. It was made to get ready for the [[1976 United States presidential election|1976 presidential election]]. == Saturday == {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;margin-right:0;text-align:center" |- ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| Network ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 8:00 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 8:30 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 9:00 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 9:30 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 10:00 PM ! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 10:30 PM |- ! rowspan="4" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" | [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] ! Fall | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''[[Holmes & Yoyo]]''''' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''[[Mr. T and Tina]]''''' | colspan="2" rowspan="4" bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | ''[[Starsky & Hutch]]'' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''[[Most Wanted (1976 TV series)|Most Wanted]]''''' |- ! Winter | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''[[Blansky's Beauties]]''''' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''[[Fish (U.S. TV series)|Fish]]''''' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" | '''''[[Dog and Cat]]''''' |- ! Summer | colspan="2" bgcolor="#F0F0F0" |''[[Wonder Woman (TV series)|Wonder Woman]]'' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" | '''''[[The Feather and Father Gang]]''''' |- !Follow-up | bgcolor="#F0F0F0"|'''''[[Mr. T and Tina]]''''' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0"|'''''[[Sugar Time!]]''''' | colspan="2" bgcolor="#F0F0F0" |'''''[[Most Wanted (1976 TV series)|Most Wanted]]''''' |- ! rowspan="5" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" | [[CBS]] ! Fall | bgcolor="#FF22FF" | ''[[The Jeffersons]]'' (24/21.0) | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | ''[[Doc (1975 TV series)|Doc]]'' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | ''[[The Mary Tyler Moore Show]]'' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | ''[[The Bob Newhart Show]]'' | colspan="2" rowspan="2" bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | ''[[The Carol Burnett Show]]'' |- ! October | rowspan="4" bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | ''[[The Mary Tyler Moore Show]]'' | rowspan="4" bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | ''[[The Bob Newhart Show]]'' | rowspan="4" bgcolor="#00FFFF" | ''[[All in the Family]]'' (12/22.9) | rowspan="4" bgcolor="#FF22FF" | '''''[[Alice (American TV series)|Alice]]''''' (30/20.0) |- ! Spring | colspan="2" bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''[[The Andros Targets]]''''' |- ! Summer | colspan="2" bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | ''[[Switch (American TV series)|Switch]]'' |- ! Follow-up | colspan="2" bgcolor="#F0F0F0" | '''''[[The Diahann Carroll Show]]''''' |- ! bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" | [[NBC]] | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="2" | ''[[Emergency!]]'' | bgcolor="#F0F0F0" colspan="4" | ''[[NBC Saturday Night at the Movies]]'' |} ==By network== ===ABC=== {{col-begin}} {{col-3}} '''Returning Series''' *''The ABC Friday Night Movie'' *''The ABC Monday Night Movie'' *''[[ABC NFL Monday Night Football]]'' *''[[The ABC Sunday Night Movie]]'' *''[[Baretta]]'' *''[[Barney Miller]]'' *''[[The Bionic Woman]]'' *''[[Donny & Marie (1976 TV series)|Donny & Marie]]'' *''[[Family (1976 TV series)|Family]]'' *''[[Happy Days]]'' *''[[Laverne & Shirley]]'' *''[[Monday Night Baseball]]'' *''[[Starsky & Hutch]]'' *''[[The Six Million Dollar Man]]'' *''[[The Streets of San Francisco]]'' *''[[Welcome Back, Kotter]]'' {{col-3}} '''New Series''' *'''''The ABC Tuesday Night Movie''''' *'''''[[Blansky's Beauties]]''''' * *'''''[[The Brady Bunch Hour]]''''' * *'''''[[Captain & Tennille|The Captain and Tennille]]''''' *'''''[[Charlie's Angels]]''''' *'''''[[Cos (TV series)|Cos]]''''' *'''''[[Dog and Cat]]''''' * *'''''[[Eight Is Enough]]''''' * *'''''[[The Feather and Father Gang]]''''' * *'''''[[Fish (U.S. TV series)|Fish]]''''' * *'''''[[Future Cop (TV series)|Future Cop]]''''' * *'''''[[The Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew Mysteries]]''''' * *'''''[[Holmes & Yoyo]]''''' *'''''[[How the West Was Won (TV series)|How the West Was Won]]''''' * *'''''[[Mr. T and Tina]]''''' *'''''[[Most Wanted (1976 TV series)|Most Wanted]]''''' *'''''[[The Nancy Walker Show]]''''' *'''''[[Rich Man, Poor Man Book II]]''''' *'''''[[Sugar Time!]]''''' *'''''[[Three's Company]]''''' * *'''''[[The Tony Randall Show]]''''' *'''''[[Westside Medical]]''''' * *'''''[[What's Happening!!]]''''' *'''''[[Wonder Woman (TV series)|Wonder Woman]]''''' * {{col-3}} '''[[Cancellation (television)|Cancelled shows]] from [[1975–76 United States network television schedule|1975–76]]:''' *''[[It's a Knockout!|Almost Anything Goes]]'' *''[[Barbary Coast (TV series)|Barbary Coast]]'' *''[[Bert D'Angelo/Superstar]]'' *''[[Good Heavens]]'' *''[[Harry O]]'' *''[[Marcus Welby, M.D.]]'' *''[[Matt Helm (TV series)|Matt Helm]]'' *''[[Mobile One (TV series)|Mobile One]]'' *''[[On the Rocks (U.S. TV series)|On the Rocks]]'' *''[[Rich Man, Poor Man (miniseries)|Rich Man, Poor Man]]'' *''[[The Rookies]]'' *''[[Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell]]'' *''[[S.W.A.T. (1975 TV series)|S.W.A.T.]]'' *''[[The Swiss Family Robinson (1975 TV series)|The Swiss Family Robinson]]'' *''[[That's My Mama]]'' *''[[When Things Were Rotten]]'' *''[[Viva Valdez]]'' {{col-end}} ===CBS=== {{col-begin}} {{col-3}} '''Returning Series''' *''[[60 Minutes]]'' *''[[All in the Family]]'' *''[[Barnaby Jones]]'' *''[[The Blue Knight (TV series)|The Blue Knight]]'' *''[[The Bob Newhart Show]]'' *''[[The Carol Burnett Show]]'' *''[[Doc (1975 TV series)|Doc]]'' *''[[Good Times]]'' *''[[Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series)|Hawaii Five-O]]'' *''[[The Jacksons (TV series)|The Jacksons]]'' *''[[The Jeffersons]]'' *''[[Kojak]]'' *''[[M*A*S*H (TV series)|M*A*S*H]]'' *''[[The Mary Tyler Moore Show]]'' *''[[Maude (TV series)|Maude]]'' *''[[One Day at a Time (1975 TV series)|One Day at a Time]]'' *''[[Phyllis (TV series)|Phyllis]]'' *''[[Rhoda]]'' *''[[The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour|The Sonny and Cher Show]]'' *''[[Switch (American TV series)|Switch]]'' *''[[Tony Orlando and Dawn (TV series)|The Tony Orlando and Dawn Rainbow Hour]]'' *''[[The Waltons]]'' {{col-3}} '''New Series''' *'''''[[Alice (American TV series)|Alice]]''''' *'''''[[All's Fair]]''''' *'''''[[The Andros Targets]]''''' * *'''''[[Ball Four (TV series)|Ball Four]]''''' *'''''[[Busting Loose (TV series)|Busting Loose]]''''' * *'''''[[Code R]]''''' * *'''''[[Delvecchio (TV series)|Delvecchio]]''''' *'''''[[The Diahann Carroll Show]]''''' * *'''''[[Executive Suite (TV series)|Executive Suite]]''''' *'''''[[Hunter (U.S. 1977 TV series)|Hunter]]''''' * *'''''[[The Keane Brothers|The Keane Brothers Show]]''''' * *'''''[[Loves Me, Loves Me Not (TV series)|Loves Me, Loves Me Not]]''''' * *'''''The Marilyn McCoo and Billy Davis, Jr. Show''''' *'''''[[Nashville 99 (TV series)|Nashville 99]]''''' * *'''''[[Shields and Yarnell|The Shields and Yarnell Show]]''''' * *'''''[[Spencer's Pilots]]''''' *'''''[[Starland Vocal Band|Starland Vocal Band Show]]''''' * *'''''[[Szysznyk]]''''' * *'''''Who's Who''''' * *'''''[[A Year at the Top]]''''' * {{col-3}} '''[[Cancellation (television)|Cancelled shows]] from [[1975–76 United States network television schedule|1975–76]]:''' *''[[Beacon Hill (TV series)|Beacon Hill]]'' *''[[Big Eddie]]'' *''[[Bronk (TV series)|Bronk]]'' *''[[The Bugs Bunny Show|The Bugs Bunny/Road Runner Show]]'' *''[[Cannon (TV series)|Cannon]]'' *''[[CBS Thursday Night Movie]]'' *''[[Cher (TV series)|Cher]]'' *''[[Ivan the Terrible (TV series)|Ivan the Terrible]]'' *''[[I've Got a Secret]]'' *''[[Joe and Sons]]'' *''[[The Johnny Cash Show|Johnny Cash and Friends]]'' *''[[Kate McShane]]'' *''[[Kelly Monteith|The Kelly Monteith Show]]'' *''[[Medical Center (TV series)|Medical Center]]'' *''[[Popi (TV series)|Popi]]'' *''[[Sara (1976 TV series)|Sara]]'' *''[[Three for the Road (TV series)|Three for the Road]]'' {{col-end}} ===NBC=== {{col-begin}} {{col-3}} '''Returning Series''' *''[[Chico and the Man]]'' *''[[Columbo (TV series)|Columbo]]'' *''[[Emergency!]]'' *''[[Little House on the Prairie (TV series)|Little House on the Prairie]]'' *''[[McCloud (TV series)|McCloud]]'' *''[[McMillan & Wife]]'' *''[[The NBC Mystery Movie|The NBC Sunday Mystery Movie]]'' *''[[NBC Monday Night at the Movies]]'' *''[[NBC Saturday Night at the Movies]]'' *''[[Police Story (1973 TV series)|Police Story]]'' *''[[Police Woman (TV series)|Police Woman]]'' *''[[The Practice (1976 TV series)|The Practice]]'' *''[[The Rockford Files]]'' *''[[Sanford and Son]]'' *''[[The Wonderful World of Disney]]'' {{col-3}} '''New Series''' *'''''[[3 Girls 3]]''''' * *'''''[[Baa Baa Black Sheep (TV series)|Baa Baa Black Sheep]]''''' *'''''The Big Event''''' *'''''[[Comedy Time]]''''' * *'''''[[C.P.O. Sharkey]]''''' * *'''''[[The Fantastic Journey]]''''' * *'''''[[Gemini Man (TV series)|Gemini Man]]''''' *'''''[[Gibbsville (TV series)|Gibbsville]]''''' * *'''''[[The Kallikaks]]''''' * *'''''[[Kingston: Confidential]]''''' * *'''''[[Lanigan's Rabbi]]''''' * *'''''[[The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams]]''''' * *'''''[[The McLean Stevenson Show]]''''' * *'''''[[Best Sellers (TV series)|NBC's Best Sellers]]''''' * *'''''[[The Quest (1976 TV series)|The Quest]]''''' *'''''[[Quincy, M.E.]]''''' * *'''''[[Quinn Martin's Tales of the Unexpected]]''''' * *'''''[[Serpico (TV series)|Serpico]]''''' *'''''[[Sirota's Court]]''''' * *'''''[[Van Dyke and Company]]''''' {{col-3}} '''[[Cancellation (television)|Cancelled shows]] from [[1975–76 United States network television schedule|1975–76]]:''' *''[[City of Angels (1976 TV series)|City of Angels]]'' *''[[Comedy Theatre (TV series)|Comedy Theatre]]'' (returned in 1979) *''The Cop and the Kid'' *''[[Doctors' Hospital]]'' *''[[The Dumplings (TV series)|The Dumplings]]'' *''[[Ellery Queen (TV series)|Ellery Queen]]'' *''[[The Family Holvak]]'' *''[[Fay (TV series)|Fay]]'' *''[[Grady (American TV series)|Grady]]'' *''[[The Invisible Man (1975 TV series)|The Invisible Man]]'' *''[[Jigsaw John (TV series)|Jigsaw John]]'' *''[[Joe Forrester]]'' *''[[John Davidson (entertainer)|The John Davidson Show]]'' *''[[The Mac Davis Show]]'' *''[[McCoy (TV series)|McCoy]]'' *''[[Medical Story]]'' *''[[The Montefuscos]]'' *''[[Movin' On (TV series)|Movin' On]]'' *''[[Petrocelli]]'' *''[[Rich Little|The Rich Little Show]]'' {{col-end}} Note: The * shows a program that started in the middle of the seaso. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other sources== * Castleman, H. & Podrazik, W. (1982). ''Watching TV: Four Decades of American Television''. New York: McGraw-Hill. 314 pp. * McNeil, Alex. ''Total Television''. Fourth edition. New York: Penguin Books. {{ISBN|0-14-024916-8}}. * Brooks, Tim & Marsh, Earle (1985). ''The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network TV Shows'' (3rd ed.). New York: Ballantine. {{ISBN|0-345-31864-1}}. {{US TV schedule}} {{DEFAULTSORT:1976-77 United States network television schedule}} [[Category:1976 in American television]] [[Category:1977 in American television]] [[Category:Television schedules]] qethiba34j7j1up361t88s3zwq29dwn 0 1128080 10367899 10366178 2025-07-02T16:39:18Z 2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA [[Bangkok Post]] has cast light on "HER new cabinet" [while she is TEMPORARILY suspended from the post as prime minister] 10367899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = <!-- See [[MOS:PREFIX]] --> | name = Paetongtarn Shinawatra | native_name = {{nobold|แพทองธาร ชินวัตร}} | native_name_lang = th | image = Paetongtarn Shinawatra June 2025.jpg | honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|size=100%|list=[[Order of the Direkgunabhorn|RThBh]]}} | image_size = | alt = | caption = Paetongtarn in June 2025 | order = 31st | status = [[Suspension (punishment)|Suspended]] | office = Prime Minister of Thailand | monarch = [[Vajiralongkorn]] | deputy = {{Collapsible list|title=''See list''|1=Phumtham Wechayachai<br />[[Suriya Juangroongruangkit]]<br />[[Anutin Charnvirakul]]<br />[[Pirapan Salirathavibhaga]]<br />[[Pichai Chunhavajira]]<br />[[Prasert Jantararuangtong]]}} | term_start = 16 August 2024{{efn|name=note|Suspended by the [[Constitutional Court of Thailand|Constitutional Court]] from 1 July 2025; [[Suriya Juangroongruangkit]] serving as acting Prime Minister during the suspension.}} | term_end = | predecessor = [[Srettha Thavisin]] | office1 = [[Ministry of Culture (Thailand)|Minister of Culture]] | primeminister1 = ''Herself'' <br> [[Suriya Juangroongruangkit]] (acting) | deputy1 = | term_start1 = 30 June 2025 | term_end1 = | predecessor1 = [[Sudawan Wangsuphakijkosol]] | successor1 = | office2 = Leader of the [[Pheu Thai Party]] | term_start2 = 27 October 2023 | term_end2 = | predecessor2 = Chusak Sirinil (acting) | successor2 = | office3 = Head of the [[Pheu Thai]] Family | term_start3 = 20 March 2022 | term_end3 = 27 October 2023 | predecessor3 = ''Position established'' | successor3 = ''Position abolished'' | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1986|08|21}} | birth_place = [[Bangkok]], Thailand<ref>[https://www.thaigov.go.th/aboutus/cabinet/detail/436 นางสาวแพทองธาร ชินวัตร]</ref> | party = [[Pheu Thai]] | spouse = {{marriage|[[Pitaka Suksawat]]|2019}} | children = 2 | father = [[Thaksin Shinawatra]] | mother = [[Potjaman Damapong]] | relatives = [[Shinawatra family]] | education = {{ubl|[[Chulalongkorn University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])|[[University of Surrey]] ([[MSc]])}} | occupation = {{hlist|Politician|businesswoman}} | signature = Paetongtarn Shinawatra signature (2024-09-17).svg | signature_alt = Cursive signature | nickname = Ung Ing ({{lang|th|อุ๊งอิ๊ง}}) | successor = [[Suriya Juangroongruangkit]] (Acting) }} '''Paetongtarn Shinawatra''' {{post-nominals|list=[[Order of the Direkgunabhorn|RThBh]]}} ({{lang-th|แพทองธาร ชินวัตร}}; {{RTGS|Phaethongthan Chinnawat}}; born 21 August 1986) is a Thai politician and businesswoman. She has been the 31st and current [[Prime Minister of Thailand]] since 2024 and as leader of the [[Pheu Thai Party]] since 2023. She is the youngest daughter of [[Thaksin Shinawatra]] (prime minister from 2001 to 2006) and the niece of [[Yingluck Shinawatra]] (prime minister from 2011 to 2014).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-21 |title=New Shinawatra may lead the next quest for power as Pheu Thai aims for 14 million members |url=https://www.thaiexaminer.com/thai-news-foreigners/2022/03/22/new-shinawatra-on-a-quest-for-people-power/ |access-date=2022-04-29 |website=Thai Examiner |language=en-GB |archive-date=3 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603144322/https://www.thaiexaminer.com/thai-news-foreigners/2022/03/22/new-shinawatra-on-a-quest-for-people-power/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Young Shinawatra appointed Pheu Thai chief adviser for innovation |work=Bangkok Post |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2205667/young-shinawatra-appointed-pheu-thai-chief-adviser-for-innovation |access-date=2022-04-29 |archive-date=16 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240816071416/https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2205667/young-shinawatra-appointed-pheu-thai-chief-adviser-for-innovation |url-status=live }}</ref> In June 2025, she made herself [[Ministry of Culture (Thailand)|Minister of Culture]]. Shinawatra is the youngest person in Thai history to become prime minister and the second woman to hold the position.<ref>{{cite news |title=Paetongtarn Shinawatra becomes Thailand's youngest prime minister |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/08/16/paetongtarn-shinawatra-becomes-thailands-youngest-prime-minister.html |work=CNBC |date=16 August 2024 |language=en |access-date=16 August 2024 |archive-date=16 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240816071413/https://www.cnbc.com/2024/08/16/paetongtarn-shinawatra-becomes-thailands-youngest-prime-minister.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Early life== Paetongtarn was born on 21 August 1986 in [[Bangkok]]. Her father is [[Thaksin Shinawatra]] and her mother is [[Potjaman Na Pombejra]]. She graduated with a bachelor's degree in Political Science, Sociology, and Anthropology from the [[Faculty of Political Science, Chulalongkorn University]] in 2008 and continued her studies in England at the [[University of Surrey]].<ref name=matichon_22032022>{{Cite web |work=matichon |date=2022-03-22 |title=เปิดประวัติ อุ๊งอิ๊ง-แพทองธาร ทายาทชินวัตร หัวหน้าครอบครัวเพื่อไทย |url=https://www.matichon.co.th/politics/news_3245808 |access-date=2022-05-02 |language=th |archive-date=1 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101114119/https://www.matichon.co.th/politics/news_3245808 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Premiership== After the removal of Prime Minister [[Srettha Thavisin]] as prime minister by the [[Constitutional Court of Thailand]] on 14 August 2024, Paetongtarn was nominated by Pheu Thai to replace him.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Thailand's Pheu Thai party picks Paetongtarn Shinawatra as PM candidate |url=https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20240815-thailand-s-pheu-thai-party-picks-paetongtarn-shinawatra-as-pm-candidate |access-date=2024-08-15 |work=France 24 |language=en}}</ref> Her nomination was approved by parliament on 16 August.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 16, 2024 |title=Thai lawmakers elect Thaksin's daughter Paetongtarn Shinawatra as PM |url=https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20240816-thai-lawmakers-elect-thaksin-s-daughter-paetongtarn-shinawatra-as-pm |work=France 24 |access-date=16 August 2024 }}</ref> She became the youngest person and the second woman to become Prime Minister of Thailand.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 16, 2024 |title=Ex-PM's daughter picked as youngest ever Thai leader |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cd6yj26vz8yo |work=BBC |access-date=16 August 2024 |archive-date=16 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240816071420/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cd6yj26vz8yo |url-status=live }}</ref> ===2025 leak and suspension=== On 15 June 2025, Shinawatra had a 17-minute private phone call with Cambodian Senate President and former Prime Minister [[Hun Sen]] to talk about a peaceful solution to the [[2025 Cambodian–Thai border crisis]].<ref>[https://www.nationthailand.com/news/asean/40051420 Who is Khliang Huot? The interpreter in the Paetongtarn-Hun Sen audio clip]</ref> Three days later, a 9 minute audio recording of the call was leaked.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reporters |first=Online |date=2025-06-18 |title=Paetongtarn on defensive after leak of call with Hun Sen |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3052486/paetongtarn-on-defensive-after-leak-of-call-with-hun-sen |access-date=2025-06-20 |work=Bangkok Post |language=en}}</ref> Later that day, Hun Sen confirmed he had recorded the full conversation and posted it on his Facebook page.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-18 |title=Hun Sen admits to recording phone call with Thai PM and sharing with 80 officials |url=https://www.nationthailand.com/news/asean/40051411 |access-date=2025-06-20 |website=nationthailand |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Saksornchai |first=Jintamas |date=2025-06-19 |title=Thai prime minister's leaked phone call with Cambodia's Hun Sen sparks outrage and political turmoil |url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2025-06-19/thai-prime-ministers-leaked-phone-call-with-cambodias-hun-sen-sparks-outrage-and-political-turmoil |access-date=2025-06-20 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> During the phone call, Paetongtarn called Hun Sen as "uncle" since Hun Sen is a longtime friend of her father, [[Thaksin Shinawatra|Thaksin]]. Paetongtarn then asked Hun Sen to "please have some sympathy for [his] niece" and that she will take care of anything he needed.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2025-06-20 |title=Paetongtarn feels heat over leaked call |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3053735/paetongtarn-feels-heat-over-leaked-call |access-date=2025-06-29 |work=Bangkok Post |language=en}}</ref> After the leak, Paetongtarn was criticized throughout the country.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-19 |title=Thai PM Paetongtarn faces calls to quit after leaked phone call |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c70rwjl99rzo |access-date=2025-06-20 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> It led to the resignation of the [[Bhumjaithai Party]] from the governing coalition, causing [[2025 Thai political crisis]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-06-19 |title=Thai govt faces political collapse after PM’s leaked phone call scandal |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/thailand-pm-paetongtarn-shinawatra-faces-political-collapse-after-leaked-phone-call-scandal |access-date=2025-06-20 |work=The Straits Times |language=en |issn=0585-3923}}</ref> She was suspended from office by the [[Constitutional Court of Thailand|Constitutional Court]] on 1 July 2025, and the deputy prime minister, [[Suriya Juangroongruangkit]], took over as Thailand's acting leader.<ref>{{cite web|first=Kelly|last=Ng|date=1 July 2025|title=Thai prime minister suspended over leaked phone call|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c9vrrj72xy7o|website=[[BBC News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250701073608/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c9vrrj72xy7o|archive-date=1 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first1=Panu|last1=Wongcha-um|first2=Panarat|last2=Thepgumpanat|date=1 July 2025|title=Thai court suspends PM from duty pending case seeking her dismissal|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/thai-constitutional-court-weigh-petition-seeking-pms-dismissal-2025-07-01/|website=[[Reuters]]|archive-url=https://archive.today/20250701063809/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/thai-constitutional-court-weigh-petition-seeking-pms-dismissal-2025-07-01/|archive-date=1 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Bangkok Post|Another source]] said (July 2) that she now has [an extra job in the Cabinet, or] the dual role of minister for culture"; Furthermore, she got (June 30) "royal approval of her new cabinet" [in which another person is the acting prime minister, as of the first week of July]; Furthermore, she is temporarily<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/3061392/court-suspends-pm-paetongtarn-from-office-in-hun-sen-phone-call-case. Retrieved 2025-07-02</ref> suspended [from the prime minister post]. ==Personal life== Shinawatra married businessman Pitaka Suksawat in 2019. They have two children.<ref>{{cite news |title=เลือกตั้ง 2566 : ครอบครัวชินวัตรได้ข่าวดี "อุ๊งอิ๊งค์" คลอดลูกชาย คนที่ 2 |url=https://www.pptvhd36.com/news/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87/195388 |access-date=16 August 2024 |archive-date=29 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229114916/https://www.pptvhd36.com/news/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87/195388 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shinawatra, Paetongtarn}} [[Category:1986 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Prime ministers of Thailand]] [[Category:Current national leaders]] [[Category:Politicians from Bangkok]] [[Category:Businesspeople from Bangkok]] {{bio-stub}} h6rbjhvg5q9zl0qjxwui1sh7qkwmcaf 1 1128081 10367908 9706699 2025-07-02T16:46:05Z 2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA /* Small detail (and wait (?) for the dust to settle) */ new section 10367908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Talk header}} {{BLP}} {{Active politician}} {{translated page|en|Paetongtarn Shinawatra|version=1240692645|insertversion=}} == Small detail (and wait (?) for the dust to settle) == "She was suspended from office by the Constitutional Court on 1 July 2025".--No, she was actually suspended on the last day of June, according to the reference that i added to the article. Publication in the Royal Gazette (?) was on July 1.--I am fine with 'waiting for the '''dust to settle'''', in regard to '''that''' detail.--Have a nice day. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA|talk]]) 16:46, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 6lfkfklpl6sw1eu6aqjdksvq31mn2td 0 1128367 10369129 9708756 2025-07-03T07:48:30Z 180.150.36.182 10369129 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dischord Records''' is a Washington, D.C.-based independent record label specializing in punk rock. It is co-owned by Ian MacKaye and Jeff Nelson, who founded Dischord in 1980 to release Minor Disturbance by their band the Teen Idles. [[Category:1980 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:American record labels]] {{Multistub|US|music}} 8lgjq1mwud3o526d78qyova7or43olc 2 1128804 10367764 10339027 2025-07-02T15:07:49Z Asteralee 1508758 other important things I wish for people to know about me; userbox and top-icon changes 10367764 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:<span style = "color:#9400A5; font-family:Georgia, Helvetica">User:'''''Asteralee'''''</span>}} {{Top icon|imagename=Flag of Michigan.svg|wikilink=Category:Wikipedians in Michigan|description=This user lives in Michigan.|sortkey=01}} {{User OCD topicon|sortkey=02}} {{rollbacker|sortkey=03}} {{Patroller topicon|sortkey=04}} {{HotCat topicon|sortkey=05}} {{Journeyman Editor topicon|sortkey=06}} <div style="background:#FFF9FB; border-color:#9400a5; color:#9400a5; border-style:dashed; padding:10px"> {{User page|background=#FAE6FA|border-c=#9400A5|logo=yes}} {{Infobox Wikipedia user | abovecolor = #9400A5 | abovefontcolor = white | color = #9400A5 | headerfontcolor = white | fontcolor = #9400A5 | tablecolor = #FAE6FA |birthdate=21st century | birthplace = [[Westland, Michigan|Westland]] | nationality = [[Americans|American]] | country = {{flag|America}} |timezone = [[UTC-4]] | location = {{flag|Michigan}} | image = File:Death cap in Michigan.png | image_caption = This user lives in a [[mushroom]]. |languages = * [[English language|English]] ([[Native speaker|native]]) * [[Italian language|Italian]] ([[:en:Common European Framework of Reference for Languages|A2]]) * [[French language|French]] ([[:en:Common European Framework of Reference for Languages|A1]]) * [[Russian language|Russian]] ([[:en:Common European Framework of Reference for Languages|A1]]) | ethnicity={{flag|Nigeria}}n | pets = *1 [[mushroom]] :) | hobbies = {{flatlist}} * [[writing]] * [[crochet|crocheting]] * [[drawing]] * [[reading]] | interests ='''Simple Wikipedia''' *Adding, removing, and modifying [[WP:CAT|categories]] *Adding [[Help:Authority control databases|Authority control templates]] *Creating articles about [[horses]], [[singer]]s, [[girl group]]s, and [[equestrianism|equestrians]] '''Across Wikimedia''' *Creating articles |joined_date = {{start date and age|br=y|p=y|2024|08|19}} |autoconfirmed = August 23, 2024 |rollbacker = October 25, 2024 |autopatrolled = February 25, 2025 |edit_count = {{formatnum:9000}}+ |signature = <span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">''⯎ Aster''</span><span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">''alee ⯎''</span> |userboxes= {{Sa-redbook-ubx|border-c=#9400A5|id-c=#9400A5|info-a=center|info-c=#FAE6FA|info-fc=#9400A5}} {{User Wikipedian for|year=2024|month=8|day=19|wikibirthday=yes|link=true|text=#9400A5|border=#9400A5|imgbg=#9400A5|bgcolor=#FAE6FA|info-a=center}} {{User active category|border-c=#9400A5|id-c=#9400A5|info-a=center|info-c=#FAE6FA|info-fc=#9400A5|150}} {{User active|id-c=#9400A5|info-c=#FAE6FA|info-fc=#9400A5|50}} {{User DYK nominations|19|id-c=#9400A5|info-a=center|info-c=#FAE6FA|info-fc=#9400A5|border-c=#9400A5}} {{User DYK helper|id-c=#9400A5|info-c=#FAE6FA|info-fc=#9400A5|border-c=#9400A5}} {{User categorist|border-c=#9400a5|id-c=#9400a5|info-a=center|info-c=#fae6fa|info-fc=#9400a5}} {{User HotCat|border-c=#9400A5|id-c=#9400A5|info-c=#FAE6FA|info-fc=#9400A5}} {{User wikipedia/RC Patrol|border-c=#9400A5|id-c=#9400A5|info-c=#FAE6FA|info-fc=#9400A5}} {{User student|border-c=#9400A5|id-c=#9400A5|info-a=center|info-c=#FAE6FA|info-fc=#9400A5}} {{User LGBT|border-c=#9400A5|id-c=#9400A5|info-a=center|info-c=#FAE6FA|info-fc=#9400A5}} {{User OCD|mild|border-c=#9400A5|id-c=#9400A5|info-a=center|info-c=#FAE6FA|info-fc=#9400A5}} {{Uir|border-c=#9400A5|id-c=#9400A5|info-c=#FAE6FA|info-fc=#9400A5|link-c=#9400A5|region= the United States|option=15|nocat=true}} {{Uir|border-c=#9400a5|id-c=#9400a5|info-a=center|info-c=#fae6fa|info-fc=#9400a5|link-c=#9400a5|region=Michigan|option=6|nocat=true}} {{User Discord|id-c=#9400A5|info-c=#FAE6FA|info-fc=#9400A5|border-c=#9400A5}} |music = [[Pop music|Pop]] and many other genres |nocat = true }} Hello! I'm '''Asteralee''', a [[Wikipedia:Wikipedians|Wikipedian]] from [[United States|the United States of America]]! <span style="color:#9400A5">⬦</span> It's nice to meet you! <span style="color:#9400A5">⬦</span> I joined the Simple English Wikipedia on August 19, 2024 to help out. On October 25, 2024, I was granted rollback permissions after much dedication. Later, on February 25, 2025, I was granted patroller permissions. I feel like this Wikipedia deserves to be recognised more often because this wonderful environment is always getting better. Have a great day (or night)! == <span style="color:#9400A5">⯎ My work on Wikipedia ⯎</span> == [[File:Em Beihold @ Happy Honda Music Lounge 02 08 2024 (53835080593).jpg|left|thumb|[[Em Beihold]] is one of the articles I created.|200px|link=Em Beihold]] Even though I speak English at a native level, I enjoy simplifying articles to the point that they're good enough to be read without confusion. I am also a [[Wikipedia:WikiFairy|WikiFairy]]. I often work on pages about [[singers]], [[Television show|television shows]], [[music]], [[books]], and [[Equestrianism|equestrians]] because I know a lot about those topics, and I'm very interested in them. I also like editing and creating articles about [[Author|authors]], mostly American authors. I also like the [[Wikipedia:Categories|categories]] on this Wikipedia because I can find a range of articles in one category. On this Wikipedia, we don't have enough categories here, and that's what makes creating them fun! Although a lot of my editing is done here, I also edit on other Wikimedia projects. You can see [[meta:User:Asteralee|my userpage on the Meta-Wiki]] to learn about my contributons. === <span style="color:#9400A5">⬦ Events ⬦</span> === Between April and May 2025, I participated in [[m:Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025]]. I got 52 points, and you can see what I did <u>[[m:Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025/Participants/Asteralee|here]]</u>. == <span style="color:#9400A5">⯎ Created articles ⯎</span> == These are the articles I made. They're not perfect, so I'd appreciate your help on them! {| class="wikitable" style="background:#FFF9FB; border:3px ridge #9400A5; color:#9400A5; text-align:center" |+ '''Icons''' |- ! scope="col" style="background:#FAE6FA; color:#9400A5" |Icon ! scope="col" style="background:#FAE6FA; color:#9400A5" |Meaning |- |{{Icon|start}} | Regular article |- |{{Icon|stub}} |Stub (article is too short) |- |{{Icon|ga}} |Good article |- |{{Icon|dyk}} |Featured on [[Wikipedia:Did you know|Did you know?]] |} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; background:#FFF9FB; color:#9400a5; border:3px ridge #9400A5" |+'''<small>This list is sortable.</small>''' ! scope="col" style="background:#FAE6FA; color:#9400a5" |Name ! scope="col" style="background:#FAE6FA; color:#9400a5" |About ! scope="col" style="background:#FAE6FA; color:#9400a5" |Made |- |{{icon link|ga|Kenya Grace}} |British singer |{{dts|August 7 2024}} |- |{{icon link|start|Mae Stephens}} |English singer |{{dts|August 8 2024}} |- |{{icon link|start|Gayle}} |American singer |{{dts|August 8 2024}} |- |{{icon link|start|Alan Gratz}} |American author |{{dts|August 9 2024}} |- |{{icon link|start|Christina Soontornvat}} |American author |{{dts|August 12 2024}} |- |{{icon link|start|Fifty Fifty (group)}} |K-pop group |{{dts|August 13 2024}} |- |{{Icon link|start|Illit}} |K-pop group |{{Dts|August 14 2024}} |- |{{Icon link|start|Em Beihold}} |American singer |{{Dts|August 26 2024}} |- |{{Icon link|start|Kim Min-ju}} |South Korean actress |{{Dts|August 26 2024}}<ref>I later created [[:it:Kim_Min-ju|its Italian version]].</ref> |- |{{Icon link|start|Strangers (Kenya Grace song)|Strangers}} |Single by Kenya Grace |{{Dts|September 5 2024}} |- |{{Icon link|start|Jessica Springsteen}} |American equestrian |{{Dts|September 9 2024}} |- |{{Icon link|start|Charlotte Dujardin}} |British equestrian |{{Dts|September 24 2024}} |- |{{Icon link|start|Chaeyeon (singer)}} |South Korean singer |{{Dts|September 25 2024}} |- |{{Icon link|start|Nicole Uphoff}} |German equestrian |{{Dts|September 25 2024}} |- |{{Icon link|stub|Adrienne Lyle}} |American equestrian |{{Dts|October 9 2024}} |- |{{Icon link|stub|Lara Villata}} |Italian equestrian |{{Dts|October 11 2024}} |- |{{Icon link|dyk|Annalisa}} |Italian singer |{{Dts|October 19 2024}} |- |{{Icon link|start|Rembrandt (horse)}} |German horse |{{Dts|October 19 2024}} |- |{{Icon link|stub|Salvino (horse)}} |American horse |{{Dts|October 19 2024}} |- |{{Icon link|stub|Shetland pony}} |Horse breed |{{Dts|October 20 2024}} |- |{{Icon link|stub|Arianna Schivo}} |Italian equestrian |{{Dts|October 23 2024}} |- |{{Icon link|Stub|Valentina Truppa}} |Italian equestrian |{{Dts|October 25 2024}} |- |{{Icon link|Stub|Ester Soldi}} |Italian equestrian |{{Dts|October 25 2024}} |- |{{Icon link|start|Alessandra Amoroso}} |Italian singer |{{Dts|October 27 2024}} |- |{{Icon link|stub|San Francisco de Dos Ríos}} |Province in Costa Rica |October 28, 2024 |- |{{Icon link|start|Elisa (Italian singer)}} |Italian singer |{{Dts|November 4 2024}} |- |{{Icon link|stub|Piaffe}} |Dressage move |{{Dts|November 13 2024}} |- |{{Icon link|start|Sunmi}} |South Korean singer |{{Dts|November 13 2024}} |- |{{Icon link|stub|Mikala Münter}} |Danish dressage rider |{{Dts|November 13 2024}} |- |{{Icon link|stub|Valegro}} |British dressage horse |{{Dts|November 18 2024}} |- |{{Icon link|stub|Roxanne Trunnell}} |American para-equestrian |{{Dts|November 18 2024}} |- |{{Icon link|stub|Katrine Kristensen}} |Danish para-equestrian |{{Dts|November 22 2024}} |- |{{Icon link|dyk|Caroline Chew}} |Singaporean equestrian |{{dts|December 6 2024}}<ref>I also created [[:it:Caroline_Chew|its Italian version]].</ref> |- |{{Icon link|stub|Agnès Teppe}} |French discus thrower |{{Dts|December 10 2024}} |- |{{Icon link|stub|Jacqueline Siu}} |Chinese equestrian |{{Dts|December 19 2024}}<ref>I also created [[:it:Jacqueline_Siu|its Italian version]].</ref> |- |{{Icon link|start|Emma Marrone}} |Italian singer |{{Dts|December 24 2024}} |- |{{Icon link|start|Jang Won-young}} |South Korean singer |{{Dts|December 26 2024}}<ref>I also created [[:it:Jang_Won-young|its Italian version]].</ref> |- |{{Icon link|stub|Elisa (Japanese singer)}} |Japanese singer |{{dts|December 29, 2024}} |- |{{icon link|stub|Danka Barteková}} |Slovak skeet shooter |{{dts|January 26, 2025}} |- |{{icon link|stub|Viviane Forest}} |Canadian Paralympic skier |{{dts|February 15 2025}}<ref>I also created [[:fr:Viviane Forest|its French version]]</ref> |- |{{Icon link|stub|Cathrine Laudrup-Dufour}} |Danish dressage rider |{{Dts|March 10 2025}} |- |{{icon link|stub|Billlie}} |K-pop group |{{dts|March 21, 2025}} |- |{{icon link|stub|Amy Harvey}} |Japanese singer |{{dts|April 9 2025}} |- |{{icon link|start|Lilia Podkopayeva}} |Ukrainian gymnast |{{dts|April 26 2025}} |- |{{icon link|start|Babymonster}} |K-pop group |{{dts|May 8 2025}} |- |{{icon link|start|Amita Berthier}} |Singaporean fencer |{{dts|June 17 2025}}<ref>I also created [[:it:Amita Berthier|its Italian version]]</ref> |} {{collapse top|b-color=#9400A5|bg=#FAE6FA|bg2=#FFF9FB|border2=#9400A5 1px|title=<span style = "color:#9400a5">⯎ My work space ⯎</span>}} {{User:Asteralee/Work space}} {{Collapse bottom}} {{collapse top|b-color=#9400A5|bg=#FAE6FA|bg2=#FFF9FB|border2=#9400A5 1px|title=<span style = "color:#9400a5">⯎ Barnstars ⯎</span>}} Click on the awards to the messages behind them. Thank you to these editors for spreading the [[Wikipedia:WikiLove|WikiLove]]ǃ [[File:Random Acts of Kindness Barnstar.png|100px|link=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Asteralee#c-Haumeon-20240904213300-For_you|The Random Acts of Kindness Barnstar]] [[File:Tireless Contributor Barnstar Hires.gif|100px|link=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Asteralee#c-TDKR_Chicago_101-20240917064400-Barnstar|The Tireless Contributor Barnstar]] [[File:Barnstar of Diligence.png|100px|link=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Asteralee#c-Highway_Helper-20240917234500-Barnstar_2|The Barnstar of Diligence]] [[File:Random Acts of Kindness Barnstar.png|100px|link=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Asteralee#c-Taitheguy87-20240923222000-Barnstar_3| The Random Acts of Kindness Barnstar]] [[File:Original Barnstar Hires.png|100px|link=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Asteralee#c-Thetree284-20240927211500-Barnstar_4|The Original Barnstar]] [[File:Editors Barnstar Hires.png|100px|link=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Asteralee#c-Thetree284-20241005221900-Barnstar_5|The Editor's Barnstar]] [[File:Special Barnstar Hires.png|100px|link=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Asteralee#c-Thetree284-20241031232300-Barnstar_6|The Special Barnstar]] [[File:Rollbacker Barnstar Hires.png|135px|link=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Asteralee#c-Thetree284-20241116021900-Barnstar_7|The Rollbacker's Barnstar]] [[File:Helping New Users Barnstar Hires.png|100px|link=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Asteralee#c-BZPN-20241210060700-Barnstar!|The Helping New Users Barnstar]] [[File:Barnstar-stone2-noback.png|The Epic Barnstar|link=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Asteralee#c-Davey2010-20241222214000-The_Epic_Barnstar]] [[File:Rollbacker Barnstar Hires.png|135px|link=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Asteralee#c-Adelaideslement8723-20250222172100-Barnstar!|The Rollbacker's Barnstar]] {{Collapse bottom}} {{collapse top|b-color=#9400A5|bg=#FAE6FA|bg2=#FFF9FB|border2=#9400A5 1px|title=<span style = "color:#9400a5">⯎ Did you know? ⯎</span>}} ''My collection of DYK hooks I nominated.''<ref>These are not in any order.</ref> *...that '''[[Japan]]''' gets 1,500 [[earthquakes]] per year? *...that the '''[[Po River]]''' stretches through five Italian cities? * ... that the country that is '''[[tea|tea’s]]''' biggest maker and drinker is [[India]]? *...that '''[[broccoli]]''' was introduced to [[England]] and the [[United States]] between 1800 and 1900? *...that '''[[orange (fruit)|oranges]]''' are one of the few English words that do not rhyme? *...that '''[[apple]]s''' were possibly the earliest tree to be [[Farming|cultivated]]? * ... that the '''[[Royal Air Force]]''' is the oldest [[air force]] in the world? * ... that '''[[acid rain]]''' was a term first used in 1872? *...that '''[[lettuce]]''' was one of the first plants brought to America by [[Christopher Columbus]]? *...that before the 1700s, people used wet [[bread]] as '''[[erasers]]'''? *...that '''[[Venus]]''' is called Earth's evil twin because it has [[sulphuric acid]] in its [[clouds]]? *...that the [[Nocturnal animals|nocturnal]] [[rodent]] the '''[[Kangaroo rat]]''' has more efficient [[kidney]]s than humans do? *... that [[Grammy Award]]-winning singer-songwriter '''[[Olivia Rodrigo]]''' was born half-[[deaf]] in her left ear? <ref>Was on [[Wikipedia:Main Page|the main page]] from December 29, 2024 &ndash; January 14, 2025.</ref> *...that in 2024, '''[[Annalisa]]''' got an [[asteroid]] named after her? *...that '''[[pineapples]]''' can take two to three years to grow? *...that there are 3,000 known kinds of '''[[pears]]''' grown worldwide? *...that the tallest '''[[sunflower]]''' was 9.17 [[metres]] high? *...that the famous picture, '''''[[The Scream]]''''', is worth 55 million dollars? *...that '''[[Olivia Rodrigo]]''' was inspired by [[Taylor Swift]] to start singing? *...that '''[[Caroline Chew]]''' is the first Singaporean [[equestrian]] to be in the [[Olympic Games]]? {{collapse bottom}} {{collapse top|b-color=#9400A5|bg=#FAE6FA|bg2=#FFF9FB|border2=#9400A5 1px|title=<span style = "color:#9400a5">⯎ Horsie house ⯎</span>}} <center>The first [[foal]] and the [[saddle]] were given to me by the kindest [[User:Dream Indigo|Dream Indigo]]. The name of the foal is Clover. The second foal was "adopted" by me. His name is Rembrandt, after [[Rembrandt (horse)|a horse with the same name]]. [[File:Haflinger Fohlen 01.jpg|150px|Clover|link=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Asteralee#c-Dream_Indigo-20241127012800-The_special_horsie_visitor!]] [[File:Caballo Haflinger, Tierpark Hellabrunn, Múnich, Alemania, 2012-06-17, DD 04.JPG|150px|Rembrandt]] <br /> [[File:English Riding Saddle.jpg|200px|English riding saddle|link=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Asteralee#c-Dream_Indigo-20241224002000-Happy_Holidays!]] <small>I'm really sorry if you cannot see the pictures.</small></center> {{collapse bottom}} {{collapse top|b-color=#9400A5|bg=#FAE6FA|bg2=#FFF9FB|border2=#9400A5 1px|title=<span style = "color:#9400a5">⯎ Notes ⯎</span>}} {{reflist}} {{collapse bottom}} {{User unified login|align=center|background=#FAE6FA|border=#9400A5}} <!-- End of background color --> </div> __NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ [[Category:Wikipedians in Michigan]] [[Category:Wikipedians who use HotCat]] a1hy87zswfbkrymd4ylphzeqhuqfn44 0 1133399 10368686 9837161 2025-07-03T02:04:17Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Career */ fixed a preposition error 10368686 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Stefan Bajcetic | image = FC RB Salzburg vs. FK Austria Wien (2024-09-28-) 109.jpg | caption = Stefan Bajcetic (2024) | full_name = Stefan Bajcetic Maquieira | birth_date = {{birth date and age|2004|10|22|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Vigo]], [[Spain]] | height = 1.85 m | position = [[Midfielder]],[[Defender (association football)|Defender ]] | currentclub = [[FC Red Bull Salzburg|Red Bull Salzburg]] | clubnumber = 8 | youthyears1 = -2021 | youthclubs1 = [[RC Celta de Vigo]] | youthyears2 = 2021-2022 | youthclubs2 = [[Liverpool F.C.]] | years1 = 2021-2024 | clubs1 = Liverpool F.C. U21/U23 | caps1 = 11 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 2022 - | clubs2 = FC Liverpool | caps2 = 12 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2024- | clubs3 = [[FC Red Bull Salzburg]] (loan) | caps3 = 0 | goals3 = 0 | nationalyears1 = 201 | nationalteam1 = [[Spain national under-18 football team|Spain U18]] | nationalcaps1 = 3 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 2021 | nationalteam2 = [[Spain national under-20 football team|Spain U20]] | nationalcaps2 = 2 |nationalgoals2 = 0 | nationalyears3 = 2023- | nationalteam3 = [[Spain national under-21 football team|Spain U21]] | nationalcaps3 = 1 | nationalgoals3 = 0 | club-update = 5 May 2024 }} '''Stefan Bajcetic Maquieira''' ( born October 22, 2004 in [[Vigo]]) is a Spanish-Serbian footballer. The midfielder plays in the [[Austrian Football Bundesliga|Austrian Bundesliga]]for [[FC Red Bull Salzburg]] on loan from [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool FC]]. ==Career == Bajcetic started in the youth team of [[Celta Vigo]]. Then he moved to Liverpool FC's U16 team in February 2021. <ref>[https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/stefan-bajcetic-breakthrough-season-position-switch-and-learning Liverpool FC] </ref> In the 2021/22 season the central defender played with the U18s, but was also used with the U19s in the [[UEFA Youth League]] . For the U23 he playedin the Premier League 2. The 17-year-old signed his first professional contract in November 2021. <ref>[https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/stefan-bajcetic-signs-first-professional-contract-lfc Liverpool FC] </ref> Due to his good performances, he made the preparation for the 2022/23 season with the professional team under [[Jürgen Klopp]]. He then become a defensive midfielder. In August 2022 he made his Premier League debut at the age of 17. He came in with a 9-0 win against [[AFC Bournemouth]]. His first appearance in the Champions League followed at the end of October 2022. At the end of January 2023, Bajčetić signed a new long-term contract. After a total of twelve appearances in the Premier League he was loaned to the [[Austrian Football Bundesliga|Austrian Bundesliga]] club [[FC Red Bull Salzburg]] in August 2024. <ref>[https://www.redbullsalzburg.at/de/aktuelles/news/stefan-bajcetic-fc-liverpool-leihe FC Red Bull Salzburg] </ref> ==International == In September 2018 he played three test matches for the Spanish U18 national team. In November 2022 he played 2 games in the Spanish U20 national team. Since September 2023 he plays in the [[Spain national under-21 football team|Spanish U21]]. ==References == {{Commonscat|Stefan Bajcetic}} {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bajcetic, Stefan}} [[Category:2004 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Spanish footballers]] [[Category:FC Red Bull Salzburg players]] nnfc0w2b3tgek1c0z3g3repofza05g9 0 1134727 10368697 10324075 2025-07-03T02:11:52Z Auntof6 22027 Reverted to revision 9790293 by Rathfelder: restore to version before big copy/paste. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368697 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Battle of the Yarmuk | partof = Muslim conquest of the Levant | image = | caption = Illustration of the Battle of Yarmuk by an anonymous Catalan illustrator (c. 1310–1325) | date = 15–20 August 636 | place = Near the Yarmuk River, Syria | result = Rashidun Caliphate victory | territorial_changes = The Levant is annexed by the Rashidun Caliphate | combatants1 = * Rashidun Caliphate | combatants2 = * Byzantine Empire * Ghassanid Kingdom * Tanukhids | commanders1 = * Umar ibn al-Khattab * Khalid ibn al-Walid * Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah * Amr ibn al-As * Zubayr ibn al-Awwam * Malik al-Ashtar * Shurahbil ibn Hasana * Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan * Al-Qa'qa' ibn 'Amr al-Tamimi * Amru bin Ma'adi Yakrib * Iyad ibn Ghanm * Dhiraar bin Al-Azwar * Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr * Ubadah ibn al-Samit | commanders2 = * Heraclius * Theodore Trithyrius * Vahan † * Jabalah ibn al-Aiham * Dairjan † * Niketas the Persian * Buccinator (Qanatir) * Gregory | strength1 = * 15,000–40,000 (modern estimates) * 24,000–40,000 (primary Arab sources) | strength2 = * 40,000–100,000 (modern estimates) * 100,000–200,000 (primary Arab sources) * 140,000 (primary Roman sources) | casualties1 = * 4,000 killed | casualties2 = * 40,000 (modern estimates) * 70,000–120,000 killed (primary Arab sources) }} '''Battle of the Yarmuk''' (also spelled Yarmouk) was a major battle fought between the [[Byzantine Empire]] and the Arab [[Muslim]] forces of the Rashidun [[Caliphate]]. The battle, consisting of a series of engagements over six days, took place from August 15 to August 20, 636, near the Yarmuk River (also called the Hieromyces River) along the present-day borders of Syria–Jordan and Syria-Israel, southeast of the Sea of Galilee. The result was a decisive victory for the Rashidun Caliphate, leading to the end of Roman rule in Syria after about seven centuries.<ref>{{Citation|title=Battle of the Yarmuk|date=2024-09-11|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Yarmuk#CITEREFNicolle1994|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2024-09-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.175259/|title=The Origins Of The Islamic State Vol -2|last=Kitab Futuh Al-buldan|date=1924}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Al-Tabari|date=2024-08-17|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Jarir_al-Tabari|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2024-09-12}}</ref> == Background == During the [[Byzantine–Sasanian War]] of 602–628, [[Heraclius]] became the Byzantine Emperor in 610. After expelling the Persians from Anatolia and achieving victories, he managed to restore the True Cross to Jerusalem in 629. Concurrently, the rise of Islam under Muhammad led to the unification of the Arabian Peninsula. After Muhammad's death in 632, his successor Abu Bakr launched a series of conquests, including the invasion of Syria. The Rashidun forces, led by Khalid ibn al-Walid, achieved significant victories against the Byzantine forces, including at the Battle of Ajnadayn and the capture of Damascus in 635. == Byzantine Counterattack == In response to the Muslim conquests, Byzantine Emperor Heraclius prepared a large counteroffensive. By May 636, he had assembled a vast army from various regions. Despite this, coordination with an allied Persian counteroffensive failed. The Byzantine forces, commanded by Theodore Trithyrius, Vahan, Buccinator, Jabalah ibn al-Aiham, and others, advanced towards the Yarmuk River. == The Battle == The battle took place in the Yarmuk River basin. The Rashidun forces, commanded by Khalid ibn al-Walid, Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah, and other leaders, used tactical withdrawals and reinforcements to overcome the larger Byzantine army. The victory at Yarmuk marked the end of Byzantine control in Syria and led to the rapid expansion of the Rashidun Caliphate into the Levant. == Aftermath == The Battle of Yarmuk had significant repercussions, leading to the annexation of the Levant by the Rashidun Caliphate and weakening Byzantine influence in the region. The battle is considered one of the most decisive in military history. == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:630s]] [[Category:Byzantine Empire]] [[Category:History of Syria]] 86o1clrpf7aj6icrehwj5az6n5hhgl9 10368698 10368697 2025-07-03T02:12:10Z Auntof6 22027 removed [[Category:630s]]; added [[Category:636]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10368698 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Battle of the Yarmuk | partof = Muslim conquest of the Levant | image = | caption = Illustration of the Battle of Yarmuk by an anonymous Catalan illustrator (c. 1310–1325) | date = 15–20 August 636 | place = Near the Yarmuk River, Syria | result = Rashidun Caliphate victory | territorial_changes = The Levant is annexed by the Rashidun Caliphate | combatants1 = * Rashidun Caliphate | combatants2 = * Byzantine Empire * Ghassanid Kingdom * Tanukhids | commanders1 = * Umar ibn al-Khattab * Khalid ibn al-Walid * Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah * Amr ibn al-As * Zubayr ibn al-Awwam * Malik al-Ashtar * Shurahbil ibn Hasana * Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan * Al-Qa'qa' ibn 'Amr al-Tamimi * Amru bin Ma'adi Yakrib * Iyad ibn Ghanm * Dhiraar bin Al-Azwar * Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr * Ubadah ibn al-Samit | commanders2 = * Heraclius * Theodore Trithyrius * Vahan † * Jabalah ibn al-Aiham * Dairjan † * Niketas the Persian * Buccinator (Qanatir) * Gregory | strength1 = * 15,000–40,000 (modern estimates) * 24,000–40,000 (primary Arab sources) | strength2 = * 40,000–100,000 (modern estimates) * 100,000–200,000 (primary Arab sources) * 140,000 (primary Roman sources) | casualties1 = * 4,000 killed | casualties2 = * 40,000 (modern estimates) * 70,000–120,000 killed (primary Arab sources) }} '''Battle of the Yarmuk''' (also spelled Yarmouk) was a major battle fought between the [[Byzantine Empire]] and the Arab [[Muslim]] forces of the Rashidun [[Caliphate]]. The battle, consisting of a series of engagements over six days, took place from August 15 to August 20, 636, near the Yarmuk River (also called the Hieromyces River) along the present-day borders of Syria–Jordan and Syria-Israel, southeast of the Sea of Galilee. The result was a decisive victory for the Rashidun Caliphate, leading to the end of Roman rule in Syria after about seven centuries.<ref>{{Citation|title=Battle of the Yarmuk|date=2024-09-11|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Yarmuk#CITEREFNicolle1994|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2024-09-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.175259/|title=The Origins Of The Islamic State Vol -2|last=Kitab Futuh Al-buldan|date=1924}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Al-Tabari|date=2024-08-17|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Jarir_al-Tabari|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2024-09-12}}</ref> == Background == During the [[Byzantine–Sasanian War]] of 602–628, [[Heraclius]] became the Byzantine Emperor in 610. After expelling the Persians from Anatolia and achieving victories, he managed to restore the True Cross to Jerusalem in 629. Concurrently, the rise of Islam under Muhammad led to the unification of the Arabian Peninsula. After Muhammad's death in 632, his successor Abu Bakr launched a series of conquests, including the invasion of Syria. The Rashidun forces, led by Khalid ibn al-Walid, achieved significant victories against the Byzantine forces, including at the Battle of Ajnadayn and the capture of Damascus in 635. == Byzantine Counterattack == In response to the Muslim conquests, Byzantine Emperor Heraclius prepared a large counteroffensive. By May 636, he had assembled a vast army from various regions. Despite this, coordination with an allied Persian counteroffensive failed. The Byzantine forces, commanded by Theodore Trithyrius, Vahan, Buccinator, Jabalah ibn al-Aiham, and others, advanced towards the Yarmuk River. == The Battle == The battle took place in the Yarmuk River basin. The Rashidun forces, commanded by Khalid ibn al-Walid, Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah, and other leaders, used tactical withdrawals and reinforcements to overcome the larger Byzantine army. The victory at Yarmuk marked the end of Byzantine control in Syria and led to the rapid expansion of the Rashidun Caliphate into the Levant. == Aftermath == The Battle of Yarmuk had significant repercussions, leading to the annexation of the Levant by the Rashidun Caliphate and weakening Byzantine influence in the region. The battle is considered one of the most decisive in military history. == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:636]] [[Category:Byzantine Empire]] [[Category:History of Syria]] 2ygkteehap1l17vxu31mdm4r8fh1t7t 0 1135399 10368263 9769674 2025-07-02T21:05:59Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C US-EN 10368263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Italic title}} '''''Just Shoot Me!''''' is an American [[sitcom]] television series that originally aired on [[NBC]] from March 4, 1997, to November 26, 2003, with a total of 145 half-hour episodes spanning seven seasons, including 3 episodes aired on syndication. The show, created by [[Steven Levitan]], one of the show's [[executive producer]]s, is set in the office of a fictional fashion [[magazine]] called ''Blush'', comparable to the real-life magazine ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]''. The show's story revolves around several staff members at the magazine, including Jack Gallo, the owner and publisher; his daughter Maya, a writer for the magazine; secretary Finch; former model and now-fashion correspondent Nina; and photographer Elliot. [[Category:1997 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2003 American television series endings]] [[Category:1990s American comedy television series]] [[Category:2000s American comedy television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:NBC network series]] mclgysf58jc27ol4zksa7n6zjyqnwkl 0 1135842 10368623 9852833 2025-07-03T01:09:11Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Venue */ Corrected the park name 10368623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox games | name = 1922 Women's World Games | nations participating = 5 | athletes participating = 77 |logo = |size = | host city = Paris | country = {{flag|France}} | dates = 20 August 1922 |opening ceremony = {{Start date|1922|08|20|df=y}} |stadium = [[Stade Pershing]] |sports = Athletics | previous = | next = [[1926 Women's World Games|1926]] }} The '''1922 Women's World Games''' (French ''Jeux Olympiques Féminins'' and ''Jeux féminins mondiaux'') also dubbed the '''1922 Women's Olympic Games''' were the first regular international [[Women's World Games]]. The tournament was held 20 August 1922 at the [[Stade Pershing]] in [[Paris]].<ref name="A">{{Cite journal|last=Kidd |first=Bruce |title=The Women's Olympic Games: Important Breakthrough Obscured By Time |journal=CAAWS Action Bulletin |publisher=Canadian Association for the Advancement of Women and Sport and Physical Activity |year=1994 |url=http://www.caaws-womenatthegames.ca/olympics/2004/history/womens_games.cfm |accessdate=10 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202222439/http://www.caaws-womenatthegames.ca/olympics/2004/history/womens_games.cfm |archivedate=2 December 2013 }}</ref><ref name=B>[https://books.google.com/books?id=9gzLNx0cqzcC&dq=Monte+Carlo+1921+Olympiades+Feminines&pg=PA97 Laurence Prudhomme-Poncet], "Histoire du football féminin au XXe siècle" L'Harmattan 2003, page 99, Retrieved 10 December 2013</ref><ref name="J">[http://cdm.athle.com/upload/ssites/001059/jeux_mondiaux_feminins/anneejmf11022015.pdf ''Jeux Mondiaux Féminins'']{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Commission documentation et histoire, cdm.athle.com (Retrieved 15 August 2016)</ref><ref name=D>[http://lits.columbiasc.edu/edenslibrary/jane/team.htm They set the mark] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825150054/http://lits.columbiasc.edu/edenslibrary/jane/team.htm |date=2013-08-25 }} Columbia College, Retrieved 10 December 2013</ref><ref name=E>[http://home.nordnet.fr/scharlet/feminin.htm Chronique de l'athlétisme féminin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213730/http://home.nordnet.fr/scharlet/feminin.htm |date=2016-03-03 }} NordNet.fr, Retrieved 10 December 2013</ref><ref name=F>[http://olympicstudies.uab.cat/brasil/pdf/8.pdf Ana Miragaya, Lamartine DaCosta: Olympic entrepreneurs, page 105-106]{{Dead link|date=February 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Olympic Studies Centre, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Retrieved 10 December 2013</ref> The games were organized by the [[Fédération Sportive Féminine Internationale]] under [[Alice Milliat]]<ref name=A /><ref name=B /><ref name=D /><ref name=E /><ref name=F /> as a response to the refusal of the [[International Olympic Committee]] to include women's events in the 1924 Olympic Games. The Games consisted of eleven events: six track events ([[60 metres]], [[100-yard dash|100 yards]], [[Sprint (running)#Historical and uncommon distances|300 metres]], [[Middle-distance running#1000 metres|1000 metres]], [[Relay race|4 x 110 yards relay]] and [[Hurdling|hurdling 100 yards]] and five track events ([[high jump]], [[long jump]], [[standing long jump]], [[javelin]] and [[shot put]]).<ref name=B /><ref name=D /><ref name=G>[http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/fsfi.htm ''FSFI Women's World Games''] GBR Athletics, Retrieved 10 December 2013</ref> Each country was allowed two participants in each event.<ref name=USA>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vvrwcB3DeEwC&pg=PA88|last=Tricard|first=Louise Mead|title=American Women's Track and Field: A History, 1895 Through 1980|volume= 1 |publisher=McFarland|year=1996|pages=79|isbn=978-0-7864-0219-9|access-date=8 March 2018}}</ref> Next to these events the final of the French Basketball Championships was scheduled and several demonstration events.<ref name=schedule /> A total of 18 world records were set.<ref name=D /> ==Venue== [[File:The Pershing Stadium in June 1919.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Stade Pershing]]]] The venue of the Games was the [[Percing Stadium]] in the [[ Bois de Vincennes]]. The stadium was build by engineers of the United States Army. The stadium was inaugarsted on 22 June 1919. It hosted that year the [[Inter-Allied Games]] and was presented after the Games as a gift by the United States to France. It was also the venue of the first women's athletics matches in France, the [[1921 France–Great Britain women's athletics match]] and in May 1922 the [[1922 France–Czechoslovakia women's athletics match]].<ref name=results1>{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6217414j/f3.item.zoom|title=France Tchéco - Slovaquie 21 Mai - Stade Pershing |work=La Femme Sportive |via=uurl.kbr.be|date=1 June 1922|page=3|language=fr}}</ref> The venue was in general mainly used as a football stadium and was also used during the [[1924 Summer Olympics]]. The stadium was able to hold 29,000 spectators. {{clear}} ==Nations== [[File:American team at the 1922 Women's World Games.png|thumb|250px|The American team]] A list of 77 women from five nations were listed to participate. However, note not all entered athletes also participated.<ref name=USA /><ref>[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4629016f/f1.item.zoom]</ref> The athletes were selected by the nations. Some countries used specific matches to select athletes, like the United States organized the [[1922 United States Women's World Games trials]]. * {{flagcountry|Czechoslovakia}} (10) * {{flagcountry|France}} (32) * {{flagcountry|Great Britain}} (13) * {{flagcountry|Switzerland}} (7) * {{flagcountry|United States}} (15) ==The Games== ===Schedule=== The morning session on 20 August consisted of the heats in the 60 metres, 100 yards, 100 yards hurdles, high jump, long jump, standing long jump and 300 meters.<ref name=USA /> Before the afternoon session, the Games were opened with an [[Olympic Games ceremony|olympic style ceremony]], including a parade of nations. American [[Lucile Godbold]] was selected to carry the American flag, with the American team wearing white uniforms.<ref name=USA /> <ref>[https://stadium.museedusport.fr/stadium/fr/content/jeuxmondiauxfeminins Les premiers Jeux olympiques féminins]</ref> In the 20 August 1922 newspaper a schedule was published of the Games.<ref name=schedule>{{Cite news|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4629016f/f1.item|title=Les championnats des sportives groupant un choix international|author=Louise Mead Tricard|language=fr|page=1|work=[[L'Auto]]|date=20 August 1922 |via=gallica.bnf.fr}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=20em}} ;Morning session (from 9.00am) :High jump (qualificaion) :Standing long jump (qualificaion) :300 metres (qualificaion) :Javelin throw (qualificaion) :Long jump (qualificaion) :4 x 110 yards relay (qualification) ;Opening ceremony ;Afternoon session (from 14.30pm) :100 yards hurdles (qualification) :High jump :60 metres (qualification) :Shot put :100 yards (qualification) :Long jump :300 metres :French Basketball Championships (final) :100 yards hurdles :60 metres :Javelin throw :100 yards :Long jump :1000 metres :4x 110 yards relay :Demonstration events {{div col end}} The Games took place in "perfect weather conditions". There were 20,000 spectators.<ref name=A /><ref name=E /><ref name=USA /> ==Medal summary== {| {{MedalistTable| width=225|labelwidth=200 |type=Event|columns=2}} |- |60 m<br>{{detailslink|1922 Women's World Games – 60 metres}} |{{FlagIOC2medalist|[[Marie Mejzlikova II]]|TCH|1922 Women's World Games}}|| 7.6 | {{FlagIOC2medalist|[[Mary Lines]]|GBR|1922 Women's World Games}} ||7.7 | {{FlagIOC2medalist|[[Nora Callebout]]|GBR|1922 Women's World Games}} ||7.8 |- |100 yds<br>{{detailslink|1922 Women's World Games – 100 yards}} | {{FlagIOC2medalist|[[Nora Callebout]]|GBR|1922 Women's World Games}} || 12.0 | {{FlagIOC2medalist|[[Marie Mejzlikova II]]|TCH|1922 Women's World Games}} || |[[Mary Lines]]<br />''{{GBR}}''|| |- |300 m<br>{{detailslink|1922 Women's World Games – 300 metres}} |[[Mary Lines]]<br />''{{GBR}}''||44.8 |{{ill|Alice Cast|sv}}<br />''{{GBR2}}''|| |{{ill|Germaine Darreau|sv}}<ref name=results>{{cite web|url= https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k7608243s/f5.item.r=Jeux%20Olympiques%20F%C3%A9minins%20Paris%201922.zoom|title= L'Olympiade féminine |work= [[Le Journal]] |date=21 August 1921|access-date=9 October 2024|language=fr}}</ref><ref name=GDarreau>{{cite web|url= https://bases.athle.fr/asp.net/athletes.aspx?base=selections&seq=475251484653504944554851|work= [[French Athletics Federation]] |title= Germaine Darreau|access-date=9 October 2024|language=fr}}</ref><br />''{{FRA}}''|| |- |1000 m<br>{{detailslink|1922 Women's World Games – 1000 metres}} |[[Lucie Bréard]]<br />''{{FRA}}''||3:12.0 |[[Georgette Lenoir]]<br />''{{FRA}}''||3:12.2 |{{ill|Phylis Hall|sv}}<br />''{{GBR2}}''|| |- |100 yds hurdles<br>{{detailslink|1922 Women's World Games – 100 yards hurdles}} |[[Camille Sabie]]<br />''{{flag|USA|1912}}''||14.4 |[[Hilda Hatt]]<br />''{{GBR}}''||14.8 |[[Geneviève Laloz]]<br />''{{FRA}}''||15.0 |- |4×110 yds relay<br>{{detailslink|1922 Women's World Games – 4 × 110 yards relay}} | ''{{GBR}}''<br />[[Mary Lines]]<br />[[Nora Callebout]]<br />{{ill|Daisy Leach|sv}}<br />[[Gwendoline Porter]]||51.8 | ''{{FRA}}''<br />{{ill|Lucie Prost|fr}}<br />{{ill|Germaine Robin|sv}}<br />{{ill|Yvonne De Wynne|sv}}<br />{{ill|Louise Noeppel|sv}}||51.2 | ''{{CSK}}''<br>[[Marie Mejzlíková II]]<br />[[Bozena Srámková]]<br />[[Marie Mejzlíková I]] <br /> [[Marie Jirásková]]||52.8 |- |High jump <br>{{detailslink|1922 Women's World Games – high jump}} |[[Hilda Hatt]]<br />''{{GBR}}'' <hr />[[Nancy Voorhees]]<br />''{{flag|USA|1912}}''||1.46 m !colspan=2|Not awarded |[[Ivy Lowman]]<br />''{{GBR2}}''||1.42 m |- |Long jump<br>{{detailslink|1922 Women's World Games – long jump}} | [[Mary Lines]]<br />''{{GBR}}''||5.06 m | [[Elizabeth Stine]]<br />''{{flag|USA|1912}}''||5.025 m | [[Camille Sabie]]<br />''{{flag|USA|1912}}''||4.96 m |- |Standing long jump<br>{{detailslink|1922 Women's World Games – standing long jump}} |[[Camille Sabie]]<br />''{{flag|USA|1912}}''||2.485 m |{{ill|Mary Hughes (athlete)|sv|Mary Hughes|lt=Mary Hughes}}<br />''{{GBR}}''||2.405 m |{{ill|Henriette Comte|sv}}<br />''{{FRA}}''||2.34 m |- |Shot put<br>{{detailslink|1922 Women's World Games – shot put}} |[[Lucile Godbold]]<br />''{{flag|USA|1912}}''||20.22 m |[[Violette Morris]]<br />''{{FRA}}''||19.85 m |[[Maud Rosenbaum]]<br />''{{flag|USA|1912}}''||17.37 m |- |Javelin throw<br>{{detailslink|1922 Women's World Games – javelin throw}} |[[Francesca Pianzola]]<br />''{{CHE}}''||43.24 m |[[Yvonne Gancel]]<br />''{{FRA}}''||41.62 m |[[Lucile Godbold]]<br />''{{flag|USA|1912}}''||39.70 m |} <ref name=results /> ==Points table== {{multiple image | width1 = 105| image1 = Mary Lines 1921b.jpg | caption1 = {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Mary Lines]]<br>{{goca}}{{goca}}{{goca}}{{brca}}| width3= 147|image3 =Nora Callebout.jpg | caption3 = {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Nora Callebout]]<br>{{goca}}{{goca}}{{brca}}| width2=106|image2=Camille Sabie 1922.jpg| caption2 = {{flagicon|USA}} [[Camille Sabie]]<br>{{goca}}{{goca}}{{brca}}| direction = horizontal | header = Most successful athletes}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- !Place !Nation !Points |- | 1 | align=left|{{GBR}} | 50 |- | 2 | align=left|{{flag|USA|1912}} | 31 |- | 3 | align=left|{{FRA}} | 29 |- | 4 | align=left|{{CSK}} | 12 |- | 5 | align=left|{{CHE}} | 6 |} {{clear}} ==References== {{commonscat}} {{Reflist}} {{1920s in women's athletics}} [[Category:1922 Women's World Games]] [[Category:1922 in women's athletics]] [[Category:Sport in Paris]] [[Category:1922 in Europe]] [[Category:International sports competitions]] [[Category:1920s in France]] ow9myt7t0o39fyd51e8c95dj2vfzml9 0 1136693 10367632 10362605 2025-07-02T12:54:31Z 38.226.18.206 10367632 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daytime''' is the period when the [[Sun]] is above the [[horizon]]. The opposite of daytime is [[Night|nighttime]]. Is period from 06:00 until 17:59. However, the length of a day and night always add up to 24 hours.<ref>{{Cite web|title=DAYTIME {{!}} English meaning|url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/daytime}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{stub}} [[Category:Parts of a day]] 603r0y9cb8x18yj06ig315z7awwgmbr 0 1136744 10368757 10061127 2025-07-03T02:30:29Z Davey2010 314522 ce 10368757 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}} {{Infobox UK Bus | name = Alexander Dennis Enviro500 | image = PJ8574 5B.jpg | imagesize = | caption = Citybus Enviro500 in Hong Kong in March 2023 | manufacturer = TransBus International/[[Alexander Dennis]] | production = 2002–2014 | factory = '''Chassis''': [[Guildford]], England<br/>'''Bodywork''': [[Falkirk]], Scotland | replaced = [[Dennis Trident 3]], [[Alexander ALX500]] | capacity = | operator = | length = 11.3, 12.0 and 12.8 metres | width = 2.55 metres | height = 4.1, 4.2, and 4.4 metres | floortype = [[Low-floor bus|Low floor]] | doors = 1 or 2 doors | weight = | chassis = Alexander Dennis Enviro500 (a.k.a. Trident E500)<br>3-axle [[Volvo B9TL]] | engine = [[Cummins]] ISMe/ISM/ISLe/ISL (ADL Enviro500)<br>[[Volvo]] D9A/D9B (3-axle Volvo B9TL) | powerout = Cummins: 330hp/335hp/340hp/380hp<br>Volvo: 300hp/310hp/340hp | transmission = [[Voith DIWA]]<br>[[ZF Ecomat]]<br>[[Allison Transmission|Allison]] B500R | related = [[Alexander Dennis Enviro400]] | predecessor = [[Alexander ALX500]]<br>[[Dennis Trident 3]] | successor = [[Alexander Dennis Enviro500 MMC]] }} The '''Alexander Dennis Enviro500''' is a 3-[[axle]] [[double-decker bus|double-decker]] [[chassis]] and a [[Bodywork|body]] of a [[bus]]. It has a [[low-floor bus|low-floor]]. It was built from 2002 to 2014 by [[Alexander Dennis]].{{Efn|It was made by Transbus International and then Alexander Dennis}} The [[Volvo B9TL]] bodywork was built on the Enviro500 [[chassis]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Dennis_Buses_and_Other_Vehicles/O53SDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Enviro500+Volvo+B9TL&pg=PT415&printsec=frontcover|title=Dennis Buses and Other Vehicles|last=Goundry|first=Andy|date=23 March 2020|publisher=The Crowood Press|isbn=978-1-78500-708-8|language=en}}</ref> The front of the Enviro500 looks nearly the same as the single-deck [[Alexander Dennis Enviro300|Enviro300]]. In 2015, the Enviro500 was replaced by the [[Enviro500 MMC]]. <gallery widths="180" heights="120" perrow="4"> File:ML3941.jpg|[[Long Win Bus]] Enviro500 in June 2007 File:KCR bus 802 rear.jpg|[[MTR Bus]] Enviro500 in China in May 2008 File:Gyeonggi Bus Route 7770.jpg|Alexander Dennis Enviro500 in [[Seoul, South Korea]] File:GO Transit SuperLo Enviro500 8308.jpg|[[GO Transit]] Enviro500 in Canada in September 2016 File:RichmondHillCentre31.jpg|[[GO Transit]] Enviro500 in Canada in August 2019 File:Open-top Enviro 500 in Washington DC.jpg|[[Gray Line Worldwide|Gray Line]] open-top Enviro500 in [[Washington, D.C.]] in August 2008 File:Deuce bus waiting to load passengers.jpg|Enviro500 in [[Las Vegas]] in November 2005 </gallery> == Notes == {{Notelist}} ==References== {{Reflist}} *{{cite book |editor-last=Kung |editor-first=Dominic K. H. |date=2010 |pages=46–56 |title=Hong Kong Bus Review 2009 |url= |language=zh-hk |location=Hong Kong |publisher=OverGround Publishing |isbn=9789881893710}} *{{cite book |editor-last=Chan |editor-first=Danny C. Y. |date=2013 |pages=34–50 |title=Hong Kong Buses Yearbook 2013 |url= |language=zh-hk |location=Hong Kong |publisher=Northcord International |isbn=9789629200411}} *{{cite book |editor-last=Chan |editor-first=Danny C. Y. |date=2014 |pages=28–39 |title=Hong Kong Buses Yearbook 2014 |url= |language=zh-hk |location=Hong Kong |publisher=Northcord International |isbn=9789629200435}} *{{cite book |editor-last=Chan |editor-first=Danny C. Y. |date=2015 |pages=46–49 |title=Hong Kong Buses Yearbook 2015 |url= |language=zh-hk |location=Hong Kong |publisher=Northcord International |isbn=9789629200459}} *{{cite book |editor-last=Chan |editor-first=Danny C. Y. |date=2018 |pages=26–37 |title=Hong Kong Buses Yearbook 2018 |url= |language=zh-hk |location=Hong Kong |publisher=Northcord International |isbn=9789629200497}} *{{cite book |editor-last=Chan |editor-first=Danny C. Y. |date=2019 |pages=52–57 |title=Hong Kong Buses Yearbook 2019 |url= |language=zh-hk |location=Hong Kong |publisher=Northcord International |isbn=9789629200503}} ==Other websites== {{commons category-inline|Alexander Dennis Enviro500}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110616210342/http://www.alexander-dennis.com/product-details.php?s=82&subs=45&tableID=222&itemID=1 Product description in Alexander Dennis official website] {{Alexander Dennis}} [[Category:Alexander Dennis buses|Enviro500]] {{transport-stub}} hrb3qa6ygv53l1zt74b1fp8ic4p0kp3 0 1136786 10368084 10063150 2025-07-02T18:38:14Z Davey2010 314522 ce 10368084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox UK Bus | name = Dennis Trident 3 | image = File:LWB 180 (6205879405).jpg | caption = [[Long Win Bus]]' 12m Trident 3 (198) with [[Alexander ALX500]] body. | manufacturer = [[Dennis Specialist Vehicles|Dennis]]<br />/[[TransBus International]] (badged as Dennis) |production = 1995–2002 | assembly = [[Guildford]], England | capacity = | operator = [[Kowloon Motor Bus]]<br />[[Long Win Bus]]<br />[[New World First Bus]] and others | length = 10.3m, 10.6m, 11.3m or 12.0m | width = 2.5 metres | height = 4.17m or 4.4m | floortype = [[Low-floor bus|Low floor]] | doors = 1 or 2 | weight = | chassis = | engine = [[Cummins]] M11-305E21 (Euro 2)<br />[[Cummins]] ISMe335-30 (Euro 3)<br />[[Cummins]] ISM-330 (Euro 3) (North America) | powerout = Cummins M11-305E21: 305hp<br />Cummins ISMe335-30: 335hp<br />Cummins ISM-330: 330hp | transmission = [[Voith DIWA]] 863.3 3-speed fully automatic (for Euro 2 units)<br />Voith DIWA 864.3 4-speed fully automatic (for Euro 2 units)<br />Voith DIWA 864.3E 4-speed fully automatic (for Euro 2/Euro 3 units)<br />[[ZF Ecomat]] 5HP590 5-speed fully automatic (for Euro 2 units)<br />ZF Ecomat 2 5HP602C originally 5-speed and modified to 6-speed fully automatic (for Euro 3 units) | related = [[Dennis Lance]] | predecessor = [[Dennis Dragon]] | successor = [[Alexander Dennis Enviro500|TransBus Enviro500]] }} The '''Dennis Trident 3''' is a 3-[[axle]] [[double-decker bus|double-decker]] [[chassis]] of a [[bus]], It has a [[low-floor bus|low floor]], It was built from 1995 to 2002 by [[Dennis Specialist Vehicles|Dennis]] and then [[TransBus International]]. The Trident 3 chassis was built on the following bodies: * [[Alexander ALX500]] bodywork<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brown |first1=Stewart J. |title=Buses Yearbook 2009 |date=2008 |publisher=Ian Allan Publishing |isbn=978-0-7110-3295-8 |page=47 |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Buses_Yearbook_2009/6YbzLQAACAAJ?hl=en |accessdate=20 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Duple Metsec DM5000]] bodywork<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brown |first1=Stewart J. |title=Buses Yearbook 2009 |date=2008 |publisher=Ian Allan Publishing |isbn=978-0-7110-3295-8 |page=49 |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Buses_Yearbook_2009/6YbzLQAACAAJ?hl=en |language=en|accessdate=20 September 2024 }}</ref> In 2002, the Trident 3 was replaced with the [[Transbus Enviro500]]. ==Gallery== <gallery widths="190" heights="130" perrow="2"> File:ATS-G.jpg|[[KMB]] Trident 3 with [[Alexander ALX500]] bodywork. File:HK TC Tung Chung Long Win Bus S64 Airbus.JPG|[[Long Win Bus]] Alexander ALX500-bodied Dennis Trident 3 rear. File:CTB 2100 (6205880865).jpg|[[Cityflyer]] Trident 3 with [[Duple Metsec DM5000]] bodywork. File:NWFB 3601(Back side).jpg|[[New World First Bus]] Trident 3 with Duple Metsec DM5000 bodywork. </gallery> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{commons category-inline}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070205104406/http://www.alexander-dennis.com/double_deck/trident.htm Product description] Alexander Dennis *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110707205457/http://www.eis.na.baesystems.com/media_resources/pdf/bae_pdf_eis_hybridrivenviro400.pdf Product description of Enviro400 hybrid] BAE Systems {{Dennis}} {{Alexander Dennis}} [[Category:Dennis buses|Trident 3]] [[Category:Low-floor buses]] [[Category:Double-decker buses]] {{transport-stub}} ecd9070fmc459sk7e5n1t3qbzxao39i 0 1136890 10367903 9782015 2025-07-02T16:43:09Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ US-EN 10367903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} '''''All of Us''''' was an [[United States|American]] teenage [[sitcom]] [[television]] series based in [[Orange County, California]]. It was on for 4 seasons between September 16, 2003 and May 14, 2007. == Other websites == *{{imdb title|0362404}} {{tv-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:All of Us}} [[Category:2003 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2007 American television series endings]] [[Category:2000s American sitcom]] [[Category:2000s teen television series]] [[Category:American teen television series]] [[Category:Television series set in California]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] ruvtwtsbj1qwce9h0pmsfzlr01249ko 10367905 10367903 2025-07-02T16:43:42Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ fix 10367905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} '''''All of Us''''' was an [[United States|American]] teenage [[sitcom]] [[television]] series based in [[Orange County, California]]. It was on for 4 seasons between September 16, 2003 and May 14, 2007. == Other websites == *{{imdb title|0362404}} {{tv-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:All of Us}} [[Category:2003 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2007 American television series endings]] [[Category:2000s American sitcoms]] [[Category:2000s teen television series]] [[Category:American teen television series]] [[Category:Television series set in California]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] 9p7evv55ak79jbr15hkh558hc6gps0h 0 1136915 10368204 9794508 2025-07-02T20:19:13Z CommonsDelinker 5295 Replacing File:Sormano-stemma.png with [[File:Sormano-Stemma.png]] (by [[commons:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set) Standard name as per [[:c::it:Proget 10368204 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Italian comune | name = Sormano | official_name = Comune di Sormano | native_name = | image_skyline = Sormano - particolare abitazioni dalla SP44 - 002.jpg | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_shield = Sormano-Stemma.png | shield_alt = | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|45|53|N|9|15|E|type:city(703)_region:IT|display=inline}} | coordinates_footnotes = | region = [[Lombardy]] | province = [[Province of Como|Como]] (CO) | frazioni = | mayor_party = | mayor = Claudio D'Elia | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 10.74 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 703 | population_as_of = Dec. 2004 | pop_density_footnotes = | population_demonym = Sormanesi | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 850 | twin1 = | twin1_country = | saint = | day = | postal_code = 22030 | area_code = 031 | website = {{official website|http://www.comune.sormano.co.it/}} | footnotes = }} '''Sormano''' is a ''[[comune]]'' in the [[Province of Como]] in the [[Lombardy]] region in [[Italy]]. == References == {{reflist}} {{Province of Como}} {{europe-stub}} [[Category:Settlements in Como]] avul63g38nr17c9j15euflmnc4qz8e5 0 1137193 10368613 10361963 2025-07-03T01:03:04Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Downpour */ Typo: duplication 10368613 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox video game | title = Rain World | image = Rain World logo.jpg | developer = Videocult | publisher = Adult Swim Games<br/>Akupara Games | engine = [[Unity (game engine)|Unity]] | platforms = {{ubl|[[PlayStation 4]]|[[Windows]]|[[Nintendo Switch]]|[[PlayStation 5]]|[[Xbox One]]|[[Xbox Series X/S]]}} | released = '''PlayStation 4, Windows'''<br />{{start date|2017|03|28}}<br />'''Nintendo Switch'''<br />{{start date|2018|12|13}}<br />'''PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S'''<br />{{start date|2023|7|11}} | genre = [[Platform game|Platform]], [[survival game|survival]] | modes = [[Single-player]], [[multiplayer]] }} '''''Rain World''''' is a [[Survival game|survival]] [[Platform game|platform]] game made by Videocult and published by [[:en:Adult_Swim_Games|Adult Swim Games]] and [[:en:Akupara_Games|Akupara Games]]. It originally released on March 2017. In the game, players control a "slugcat", an animal similar to a cat that must survive in a dangerous world with many [[Predation|predators]] that will to eat the slugcat. The enemies in ''Rain World'' act alone to that of the player. As a slugcat, the player must use weapons to fight predators, find food, and sleep in safe rooms before a heavy and deadly rain comes. ''Rain World's'' creators wanted to make the player feel like a rat in [[Rapid transit|subway]] tracks that do not understand their surroundings and their purpose. Critics gave ''Rain World'' mixed reviews. Many enjoyed its art and animation, but hated the game's difficulty, the location of its [[:en:Checkpoint_(video_gaming)|checkpoints]], and weird controls. Despite this, the game garnered a [[cult following|large group of fans]]. In January 2023, Videocult created downloadable content titled ''Rain World: Downpour'', which added many things to the game including multiple new slugcats. Downpour was released for Switch, PlayStation, and Xbox on July 11, 2023. The expansion pack received generally positive reviews from critics. == Gameplay == {{Multiple image | direction = vertical | width = 300 | image1 = Rain World animation - Bat Eats2 sm.webm | image2 = Rain World animation - Pink Liz sm.webm | image3 = Rain World animation - Blue Liz sm.gif | footer = ''Rain World'' became popular because of its animation | alt1 = The protagonist leaps from a ledge and catches prey to eat. | alt2 = The protagonist attempts to run from a predator. | alt3 = The protagonist swims through water to escape from a predator. }} The slugcat can use [[Spear|spears]] to fight predators in the hostile world.{{r|Polygon review|IGN review}} The player is given almost no help and can go anywhere.{{r|IGN review}} Animals move freely around the region too.{{r|Eurogamer review|The Verge: composers|name3=RPS review}} The slugcat can jump, swim, and climb poles to find food. Afterwards, the player must find safe shelters where they can save their progress and avoid the rain.{{r|IGN review|name2=RPS review|name3=GameSpot review}} If the player does not reach a shelter before the end of the day, the rain will kill the slugcat.{{R|name=RPS review|name2=GameSpot review}} Also, if the slugcat does not eat enough food by the time they sleep, the game will not save, and the slugcat will be starving. The slugcat will be slower and much less capable. Starvation can be fixed mid-day by eating, but if the slugcat doesn't, it will die when it sleeps.{{r|IGN review}} If they die, the slugcat returns to the last save point.{{R|name=RPS review}} The player also loses one [[karma]] (a word that refers to the result of someone's actions).{{R|name=GameSpot review}} Karma grows every time the slugcat sleeps, and the player can save their current karma level by eating a yellow karma flower. The player must have a specific karma level to go through karma gates, which are at the ends of every region in the game.{{r|Polygon review|name2=GameSpot review}} Predators include plants to large vultures and lizards. Most animals can kill the slugcat immediately, and some have different types, such as different colored lizards, which all have special abilities. These animals spawn from holes in set locations and can wander freely, meaning the player is sometimes faced with problems that they can't fix.{{r|IGN review|name2=RPS review}} All creatures in the game possess a changing [[AI|behavior]] and exist forever, even when not in the same room as the player.{{r|Vice: Stalker}} Players are expected to run from enemies,{{r|VG247: ray}} but can kill them with enough spears, though fighting is mainly used as a way to scare them away.<ref name="Gematsu 1.7" /> The slugcat, with something in both hands, can swap their places by pressing the grab button twice.{{r|Eurogamer review}} Some food the player eats may give special effects.{{r|IGN review}}{{r|Polygon review}} The player can choose between two slugcats: Monk and Survivor. As Monk, animals are easier and the slugcat needs less food. Beating either Monk or Survivor unlocks the third character, Hunter, with a difficult campaign and more difficult creatures, as well as a 20-day time limit to finish the game. The game also has a [[multiplayer]] arena mode and a [[Sandbox game|sandbox]] mode where players can spawn objects and creatures from the game.{{r|Gematsu 1.7|name2=Steam update}} The game does not help the player aside from the "overseer", who gives some help about where to go. The player also has a map to check where they are in the huge world.{{r|RPS review}} === Downpour === The ''Downpour'' expansion adds five slugcats. Each slugcat has different abilities.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Ollie|first=Reynolds|date=2023-06-16|title=Rain World: Downpour DLC Promises More Brutal Gameplay This Coming July|url=https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2023/06/rain-world-downpour-dlc-promises-more-brutal-gameplay-this-coming-july|access-date=2024-07-06|website=Nintendo Life|language=en-GB}}</ref> Spearmaster can create spears at any time, but using them on predators is the only way that it can eat. Rivulet is nearly twice as fast as Survivor with a higher jump and better movement, but has short days. Gourmand can [[craft]] and can damage creatures by falling or sliding into them, but too much movement cause them to become weak where they must stop to take a break. Artificer can [[:en:Glossary_of_video_game_terms#double_jump|double jump]] and create explosives, but can't swim well and is locked at the lowest karma level, forcing them to use other methods to pass karma gates. Saint has a [[Grappling hook|grappling]] tongue that gives them large amounts of speed, but can't to use spears or eat meat.<ref name="Ferguson Downpour Slugcats">{{cite web|last=Ferguson|first=Liam|date=January 31, 2023|title=Rain World: Downpour's New Slugcats Explained|url=https://gamerant.com/rain-world-downpour-new-slugcats-spearmaster-rivulet-gourmand-artificer-saint/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325134635/https://gamerant.com/rain-world-downpour-new-slugcats-spearmaster-rivulet-gourmand-artificer-saint/|archive-date=March 25, 2023|access-date=February 18, 2023|website=Game Rant}}</ref>{{R|name=Tarason Downpour}} ''Downpour'' also adds three new game modes. The first is Safari mode, which lets players freely wander the world without worry and control any living creature within it. After that is Challenge mode, which provides 70 different scored challenges with preset conditions. Finally, there is Expedition, which is a semi-[[roguelike]] mode with random missions that give [[experience points]] when finished. ''Downpour'''s release also included the free Rain World Remix upgrade, which makes the game easier.<ref name=":2" />{{r|Tarason Downpour}} == Story == The player is a slugcat, who wakes up in an abandoned, destroyed world. The story of the Monk and Survivor are similar. When a group of slugcats is separated by the rain, the Survivor falls into a pit.{{R|name=GameSpot review}} The Monk is the Survivor's sibling and tries to find the Survivor. Eventually, the slugcat finds Five Pebbles, a huge [[supercomputer]] called an "iterator". Five Pebbles explains that, like all animals, the slugcat is in a [[Saṃsāra|cycle of death and rebirth]] and wants it to end. He then tells them of a place where it can free itself from the cycle. The slugcat goes underground and finds a sea of "Void Fluid" where it can [[:en:Entering_heaven_alive|ascend]], escaping the cycle.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|last=Zucchi|first=Sam|date=February 27, 2018|title=Rain World's Brutal Metaphysics|url=https://unwinnable.com/2018/02/27/death-rebirth-and-rain-world/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818073309/https://unwinnable.com/2018/02/27/death-rebirth-and-rain-world/|archive-date=August 18, 2022|access-date=August 18, 2022|website=Unwinnable}}</ref> In ''Downpour'', both the Survivor and the Monk can instead go to Outer Expanse, a jungle without rain, and reunite. More of the story is found by giving [[Pearl|pearls]] to another damaged iterator named Looks to the Moon. She explains that the society that once lived in this world wanted to escape the cycle and succeeded, abandoning the iterators.<ref name=":1" /> She and Five Pebbles are [[artificial intelligence]]s created by them to find a way for all animals to ascend. Iterators must use a lot of water, which they release as rain. One day, Five Pebbles decided to use too much water to find an answer to the problem. Because of this, Looks to the Moon, who shared water with Five Pebbles, no longer had enough to live. To save her life, Looks to the Moon sent a forced message to Five Pebbles. Pebbles then messed up his plan, which released the Rot inside of him, a [[cancer]] that can spread inside of iterators. Looks to the Moon couldn't make Five Pebbles stop him from using the water, and she ended up collapsing, leading to her death. The Hunter's story takes place before the other slugcats. The Hunter starts with a pearl, a green "[[Neuron]] Fly", and a 20-day time limit before they die. The Hunter gives the Neuron Fly to Looks to the Moon, reviving her and restoring some of her basic functions. If the Hunter also gives the pearl, its message reveals that a third iterator, No Significant Harassment, sent the Hunter to help Moon. If the player ascends in the Void Sea before the time limit ends, a black substance is seen coming out of the Hunter. If the player doesn't ascend, the Hunter dies and grows into a red type of the Rot. === Downpour === In ''Downpour'', the player can play one of five new slugcats, each with a different story. The story's will be told in the chronological order here. * When the Rot starts destroying Five Pebbles, he stops talking with the other iterators. Another iterator, Seven Red Suns, sends the Spearmaster to give a message to Five Pebbles, telling him to stop using so much water. However, when the Spearmaster reaches Five Pebbles, he refuses and the slugcat is kicked out. Spearmaster goes to Looks to the Moon. When given the pearl, she writes a new message and tells Spearmaster to find a communications array. At the location, the message says that Five Pebbles has made her collapse imminent. After the message, Spearmaster returns to Seven Red Suns. * The Artificer sees the death of their children to [[ape]]-like scavengers. Once the Artificer finds Five Pebbles, Pebbles lets them enter the city on top of him, Metropolis, to kill the scavengers in it. Artificer murders the scavengers and kills their king. Without water, Looks to the Moon's collapses, leading to her death. * Gourmand's story is after the Hunter's, where Looks to the Moon has been revived. While looking for food to bring back to their family in the Outer Expanse, Gourmand meets Five Pebbles, who sees that they do not wish to ascend. Pebbles unlocks the exit to Outer Expanse and lets Gourmand leave. * The Rivulet's story is after the Survivor and Monk's. The Rivulet must survive through short rain cycles.{{efn|1=Days in-game are called "cycles".}} When the Rivulet enters his almost destroyed structure, they take the "rarefaction cell" that powers him. Without it, Five Pebbles accepts his eventual death, and asks that the Rivulet give the cell to Looks to the Moon.{{Efn|The player may meet Five Pebbles before taking the rarefaction cell. If this is the true, Five Pebbles will ask that the Rivulet take it, knowing he will die. The story continues normally afterward.}} After going through Moon's submerged superstructure, the Rivulet turns on the cell, causing Moon to get her basic functions back. * The Saint's story takes place many cycles after the Rivulet's, when the rain has been replaced by snow. After swimming through the Void Sea and waking up on the surface, the Saint finds "echoes", the ghosts of ancients that have failed to ascend. After meeting enough echoes, the Saint becomes able to ascend others. If the player wants, they can go to Looks to the Moon or Five Pebbles, who has collapsed, to ascend one or both of them. The Saint tries to ascend itself, but is instead sent to the region called Rubicon, full of now-deadly void fluid. When they reach the top, they enter a room; if the player ascended either of the iterators earlier, they briefly meet with them. After leaving the room, the Saint enters the Void Sea. Wings grow off of the Saint similar to an echo, and they wake up again at the starting location. == Development == Before making ''Rain World'', Joar Jakobsson worked in Sweden and learned how to animate. He had played few games and had little industry experience{{r|VG247: ray}} when development began in 2011.{{r|Vice: Stalker}} He began with a drawing of a long cat, which was called "slugcat" by one of his [[YouTube]] viewers. Jakobsson was interested in abandoned environments.{{r|VG247: ray}} Thinking of when he lived as an [[:en:Exchange_student|exchange student]] in Seoul, South Korea, a main idea was to recreate the life of "the rat in Manhattan". This rat knows how to find food, hide, and live in the [[Rapid transit|subway]], but does not understand the subway's purpose.{{r|Vice: Stalker}} Jakobsson and his development partner, James Primate, wanted players to feel like they were close to understanding environment, but not fully.{{r|VG247: ray}} Jakobsson wanted ''Rain World''{{'s}} animals to be separate to the player, in which they look for food and struggle to survive, rather than be problems for the player. Enemies wander randomly,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Crafting the complex, chaotic ecosystem of Rain World |url=https://www.gamedeveloper.com/design/crafting-the-complex-chaotic-ecosystem-of-i-rain-world-i- |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=www.gamedeveloper.com |language=en |archive-date=May 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515012000/https://www.gamedeveloper.com/design/crafting-the-complex-chaotic-ecosystem-of-i-rain-world-i- |url-status=live }}</ref> and in final [[playtest]]s,<!-- with [[Live media|game streamers]]{{emdash}}no good article to link, not sure this detail is important-->the developers saw how some players had more or less fun based on how lucky they were with animal behavior.{{r|Vice: Stalker}} Jakobsson served as the game's artist, designer, and programmer. At one point, ''Rain World'' included a multiplayer mode, and separate story and custom modes.{{r|VG247: ray}} The development team successfully [[:en:Crowdfunded|crowdfunded]] some of the budget with [[Kickstarter]] in early 2014.{{r|PC Gamer: Kickstarter}} By early 2015, about four years into development, the team had changed to the [[Unity (game engine)|Unity game engine]] and released a test version of the game to its Kickstarter supporters.{{r|Siliconera: try}} === Music === Primate, who is also known as James Therrien,{{r|GamesRadar: Therrien}} wrote ''Rain World''{{'s}} music, handled the indie studio's business,{{r|VG247: ray}} and designed levels.{{r|Vice: Stalker}} Primate first found the game on an indie game [[Internet forum]]. He wanted to make a [[:en:Chiptune|chiptune]]-style soundtrack with his musician partner Lydia Esrig, but turned to [[:en:Field_recording|field recordings]] for otherworldly sounds.{{r|The Verge: composers}} ''Rain World''{{'s}} music is [[Lo-fi music|lo-fi]] and [[electronic music|electronic]]. Primate wanted the music to be similar to the game's visuals, which include industrial, science fiction, jungle, and other elements. ''Rain World''{{'s}} story is partly told through its soundtrack.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Road to the IGF: Videocult's Rain World |url=https://www.gamedeveloper.com/business/road-to-the-igf-videocult-s-i-rain-world-i- |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=www.gamedeveloper.com |language=en |archive-date=April 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403180027/https://www.gamedeveloper.com/business/road-to-the-igf-videocult-s-i-rain-world-i- |url-status=live }}</ref> The early game music is based on the slugcat's feelings of fear and hunger, and changes to describe new areas.{{r|VG247: ray}} ''Rain World'' has over 3.5 hours of music across 160 [[track (music)|tracks]]. When the slugcat is in danger, between eight and twelve tracks will layer at the same time to respond to the slugcat's in-game context.{{r|The Verge: composers}}<ref name=":0" /> In December 2018, a [[Vinyl record|vinyl]] edition of the soundtrack was released by Limited Run Games.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://limitedrungames.com/blogs/news/rain-worlds-gets-a-physical-edition|title=Rain Worlds gets a physical edition!|website=Limited Run Games|language=en|access-date=2020-03-22|archive-date=March 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322181101/https://limitedrungames.com/blogs/news/rain-worlds-gets-a-physical-edition|url-status=live}}</ref> === Release === ''Rain World'' was in the last phases of creation in early 2016.{{r|RPS video}} Animations from the game became popular on social media because of their "uncanny fluidity".{{r|IGN review}} The game was developed by Videocult, published by [[:en:Adult_Swim_Games|Adult Swim Games]], and released for [[PlayStation 4]] and [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] on March 28, 2017.{{r|Polygon review}} Some compared ''Rain World'' to other games, including the difficulty of ''[[:en:Super_Meat_Boy|Super Meat Boy]]'', the soundtrack of ''[[:en:Fez_(video_game)|Fez]]'',{{r|VG247: ray}} and the gameplay to ''[[Metroid]]'' and ''[[Oddworld]]''.{{r|Kotaku: natural}} Videocult made many major content updates, which were planned for release in 2017. Planned additions included [[multiplayer]], 50 new rooms, and two new slugcats.{{r|PCGamer update}} The '1.5' updated, which contained all of those features, was released on December 11, 2017.{{r|Steam update}} Another '1.7' update in late 2018 added two new game modes that either increase or decrease the gameplay's intensity.<ref name="Gematsu 1.7">{{Cite web |last1=Romano |first1=Sal |title=Rain World PS4 update to add new modes and multiplayer on December 21, limited run physical edition announced |work=Gematsu |date=November 29, 2018 |url=https://gematsu.com/2018/11/rain-world-ps4-update-to-add-new-modes-and-multiplayer-on-december-21-limited-run-physical-edition-announced |language=en-US |access-date=December 15, 2018 |archive-date=October 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024231218/https://www.gematsu.com/2018/11/rain-world-ps4-update-to-add-new-modes-and-multiplayer-on-december-21-limited-run-physical-edition-announced |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2018, Videocult and Adult Swim Games released ''Rain World'' for the [[Nintendo Switch]] on December 13, 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Romano |first1=Sal |title=Rain World now available for Switch in North America, launches December 27 in Europe |work=Gematsu |date=December 13, 2018 |url=https://gematsu.com/2018/12/rain-world-now-available-for-switch-in-north-america-launches-december-27-in-europe |language=en-US |access-date=December 15, 2018 |archive-date=October 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024235412/https://www.gematsu.com/2018/12/rain-world-now-available-for-switch-in-north-america-launches-december-27-in-europe |url-status=live }}</ref> Limited Run Games released a physical edition of ''Rain World'' for the PlayStation 4 later that month.{{r|Gematsu 1.7}} In January 2022, Videocult announced that due to problems with Adult Swim Games, Rain World was now being published by [[:en:Akupara_Games|Akupara Games]] after a long legal dispute.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rainworld Ready to Live Again with More Slugcats Mod Becoming Official |last=Cunningham |first=James |date=29 January 2022 |url=https://hardcoregamer.com/news/rainworld-ready-to-live-again-with-more-slugcat-mod-becoming-official/418021/ |website=Hardcore Gamer |language=en-US |access-date=18 August 2022 |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818054656/https://hardcoregamer.com/news/rainworld-ready-to-live-again-with-more-slugcat-mod-becoming-official/418021/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 28, 2022, the first [[:en:Downloadable_content|DLC]] was announced. Named "Rain World: Downpour", it added five new slugcats with their own stories, over 1000 new rooms across ten new regions, and three new game modes.{{r|PC Gamer Downpour}}<ref name="Akupara 2018">{{Cite web |title=Rain World Joins the Akupara Family! |date=28 March 2022 |url=https://www.akuparagames.com/2022/03/28/rain-world-joins-akupara/ |website=[[Akupara Games]] |language=en-US |access-date=18 August 2022 |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818054657/https://www.akuparagames.com/2022/03/28/rain-world-joins-akupara/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Downpour is a bigger version of the "More Slugcats" [[Video game modding|mod]] and was created by several community modders.<ref name="Tarason Downpour" /> It was released for [[Personal computer|PC]] on January 19, 2023, while it released for consoles July 11, 2023.<ref name="Gematsu 2022">{{Cite web |title=Rain World DLC 'Downpour' launches January 19, 2023 for PC |date=27 October 2022 |last=Romano |first=Sal |url=https://www.gematsu.com/2022/10/rain-world-dlc-downpour-launches-january-19-2023-for-pc |website=Gematsu |language=en-US |access-date=29 October 2022 |archive-date=October 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221029233654/https://www.gematsu.com/2022/10/rain-world-dlc-downpour-launches-january-19-2023-for-pc |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 28, 2024, the creation of a second DLC titled "Rain World: The Watcher" was announced, with a new playable slugcat.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Director |first=Graham Smith Deputy Editorial |last2=Smith |first2=Graham |date=2024-03-30 |title=Rain World is getting a new DLC starring the mysterious Nightcat |url=https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/rain-world-is-getting-a-new-dlc-starring-the-mysterious-nightcat |access-date=2024-04-01 |work=Rock, Paper, Shotgun |language=en |archive-date=April 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401172021/https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/rain-world-is-getting-a-new-dlc-starring-the-mysterious-nightcat |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-28 |title=Announcing Rain World: The Watcher {{!}} The second Rain World DLC |url=https://www.akuparagames.com/2024/03/28/announcing-rain-world-the-watcher-the-second-rain-world-dlc/ |access-date=2024-04-01 |website=Akupara Games |language=en-US |archive-date=April 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401172022/https://www.akuparagames.com/2024/03/28/announcing-rain-world-the-watcher-the-second-rain-world-dlc/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On September 19, the release date was announced to be on March 28, 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Caldwell |first=Brendan |date=2024-09-20 |title=Rain World's new slugcat will explore icy wastes and desert sands as The Watcher DLC gets a release date |url=https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/rain-worlds-new-slugcat-will-explore-icy-wastes-and-desert-sands-as-the-watcher-dlc-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2024-09-21 |work=Rock, Paper, Shotgun |language=en}}</ref> == Reception == {{Video game reviews | MC = PC: 66/100<ref name=Metacritic-PC>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/game/rain-world/critic-reviews/?platform=pc |title=Rain World for PC Reviews |work=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=April 26, 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180515051435/https://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/rain-world |archive-date=May 15, 2018}}</ref><br />PS4: 59/100<ref name=Metacritic-PS4>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/game/rain-world/critic-reviews/?platform=playstation-4 |title=Rain World for PlayStation 4 Reviews |work=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=April 26, 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714015448/https://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-4/rain-world |archive-date=July 14, 2018}}</ref><br />NS: 71/100<ref name=Metacritic-NS>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/game/rain-world/critic-reviews/?platform=nintendo-switch |title=Rain World for Switch Reviews |work=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=April 26, 2020 |archive-date=November 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129195322/https://www.metacritic.com/game/rain-world/critic-reviews/?platform=nintendo-switch |url-status=live }}</ref> | Destruct = 5/10<ref name="Destructoid review">{{Cite web|last1=Rowen |first1=Nic |title=Review: Rain World |work=[[Destructoid]] |date=March 28, 2017 |url=https://www.destructoid.com/review-rain-world-427826.phtml |access-date=March 29, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328141933/https://www.destructoid.com/review-rain-world-427826.phtml |archive-date=March 28, 2017}}</ref> | GSpot = 5/10<ref name="GameSpot review">{{Cite web|last1=Concepcion |first1=Miguel |title=Rain World Review |work=[[GameSpot]] |date=March 31, 2017 |url=https://www.gamespot.com/reviews/rain-world-review/1900-6416648/ |access-date=April 17, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418084743/https://www.gamespot.com/reviews/rain-world-review/1900-6416648/ |archive-date=April 18, 2017}}</ref> | IGN = 6.3/10<ref name="IGN review">{{Cite web|last1=Skrebels |first1=Joe |title=Rain World Review |work=[[IGN]] |date=March 27, 2017 |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2017/03/27/rain-world-review |access-date=March 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329101913/http://www.ign.com/articles/2017/03/27/rain-world-review |archive-date=March 29, 2017}}</ref> | PCGUS = 80/100<ref name="PC Gamer review">{{Cite web|last1=Prescott |first1=Shaun |title=Rain World review |work=[[PC Gamer]] |date=March 27, 2017 |url=http://www.pcgamer.com/rain-world-review/ |access-date=March 28, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331034902/http://www.pcgamer.com/rain-world-review/ |archive-date=March 31, 2017}}</ref> | Poly = 5/10<ref name="Polygon review">{{Cite web|last1=Hawkins |first1=Janine |title=Rain World review |work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |date=March 27, 2017 |url=http://www.polygon.com/2017/3/27/14951492/rain-world-review-pc-windows-ps4-playstation-4 |access-date=March 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329173512/http://www.polygon.com/2017/3/27/14951492/rain-world-review-pc-windows-ps4-playstation-4 |archive-date=March 29, 2017}}</ref> }} The game, before getting [[:en:Cult_status|cult status]],<ref name="Tarason Downpour">{{Cite news |author1=Dominic Tarason |date=2023-01-19 |title=Fans of survival sim Rain World have spent 5 years making an expansion so big, it's practically a sequel |language=en |work=PC Gamer |url=https://www.pcgamer.com/fans-of-survival-sim-rain-world-have-spent-5-years-making-an-expansion-so-big-its-practically-a-sequel/ |access-date=2023-01-27 |archive-date=April 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401133037/https://www.pcgamer.com/fans-of-survival-sim-rain-world-have-spent-5-years-making-an-expansion-so-big-its-practically-a-sequel/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rain World finally slithering onto Xbox with Downpour expansion |url=https://www.trueachievements.com/n49849/rain-world-downpour-xbox |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=TrueAchievements |language=en |archive-date=January 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127212635/https://www.trueachievements.com/n49849/rain-world-downpour-xbox |url-status=live }}</ref> had mixed reviews, according to [[Metacritic]].{{r|Metacritic-PC|Metacritic-PS4}} Reviewers enjoyed the game's art and hated the difficulty,{{r|IGN review|Polygon review|GameSpot review|RPS review}} particularly its common deaths, annoying enemies, and hard food requirements.{{r|GameSpot review|Destructoid review}} ''[[Eurogamer]]'' compared its survival gameplay to ''[[:en:Tokyo_Jungle|Tokyo Jungle]]''.{{r|Eurogamer review}} ''Rain World''{{'s}} difficult gameplay frustrated reviewers,{{r|IGN review|Polygon review|GameSpot review|RPS review}} who often lost their will to play.{{r|GameSpot review|Polygon review}} ''[[IGN]]'' wrote that the of the game's difficult parts alone would be "tough but fair", but together, they ruin the game.{{r|IGN review}} Reviewers were bored by the exploration and deaths.{{r|IGN review|RPS review}} ''[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]]'' was miserable while playing.{{r|Polygon review}} Reviewers hated how the slugcat's weird animations and controls led to many deaths.{{r|IGN review|Polygon review|RPS review|PC Gamer review|Eurogamer review}} Many said that while some players might enjoy the tough gameplay, ''Rain World'' ignored a large audience with its design choices,{{r|IGN review|RPS review|Eurogamer review}} and that it was unfair to most people.{{r|PC Gamer review}} ''[[Rock Paper Shotgun|Rock, Paper, Shotgun]]'' called the game's checkpointing among the worst in modern platformers.{{r|RPS review}} ''Rain World''{{'s}} karma gates, which need players to have slept a lot, wasted the player's time according to ''[[GameSpot]]''.{{r|GameSpot review}} Making players wander through an area many times, ''IGN'' argued, is bad in a game in which exploration itself is the reward.{{r|IGN review}} ''[[:en:PC_Gamer|PC Gamer]]''{{'s}} reviewer saw ''Rain World''{{'s}} controls not "bad design", but "appropriate" because the game trying to make the player weak.{{r|PC Gamer review}} Some reviewers remembered moments where they learned the game environment's unwritten rules.{{r|RPS review|GameSpot review}} Not knowing what most things do, ''Rock, Paper, Shotgun''{{'s}} reviewer liked treating new encounters as puzzles.{{r|RPS review}} ''GameSpot''{{'s}} reviewer enjoyed the game letting the player find things out on their own.{{r|GameSpot review}} Those critics considered these mysterious interactions to be among the game's best features,{{r|RPS review|GameSpot review}} though far outweighed by ''Rain World''{{'s}} difficulty.{{r|GameSpot review}} During development, ''Rain World''<nowiki/>'s animations became popular on social media,{{r|IGN review}} which reviewers continued to praise at release.{{r|IGN review|Destructoid review}} ''IGN'' described the slugcat's animations as beautiful.{{r|IGN review}} They said it was among the best aesthetics in a 2D game, with each screen showing much detail.{{r|IGN review}} The graphics were interesting to ''Polygon''{{'s}} reviewer, who also praised the limited color palette.{{r|Polygon review}} While some compared the game's design to that of ''[[Limbo (video game)|Limbo]]'', ''Rock, Paper, Shotgun''{{'s}} reviewer felt that ''Rain World'' had more in common with ''[[Oddworld: Abe's Oddysee]]''{{'s}} visuals.{{r|RPS review}} ''Rain World'' successfully depicted "the cruel indifference of nature", according to ''GameSpot''. Its landscape recalled the spirit of games like ''[[BioShock]]'' and ''[[:en:Abzû_(video_game)|Abzû]]'', in which the reviewer was attracted to the artistic detail.{{r|GameSpot review}} ===Accolades=== The game was nominated for "Best Platformer" in ''PC Gamer''{{'}}s 2017 Game of the Year Awards,<ref>{{cite web |author=PC Gamer staff |title=Games of the Year 2017: The nominees |work=PC Gamer |date=December 8, 2017 |url=http://www.pcgamer.com/nominees-pc-gamer-goty-2017/ |access-date=January 6, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106065910/http://www.pcgamer.com/nominees-pc-gamer-goty-2017/ |archive-date=January 6, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> and also for "Best Platformer", "Best Art Direction", and "Most Innovative" in IGN's Best of 2017 Awards.<ref>{{cite web |title=Best of 2017 Awards: Best Platformer |work=IGN |date=December 20, 2017 |url=http://www.ign.com/wikis/best-of-2017-awards/Best_Platformer |access-date=January 6, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231213750/http://www.ign.com/wikis/best-of-2017-awards/Best_Platformer |archive-date=December 31, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Best of 2017 Awards: Best Art Direction |work=IGN |date=December 20, 2017 |url=http://www.ign.com/wikis/best-of-2017-awards/Best_Art_Direction |access-date=January 6, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216180159/http://www.ign.com/wikis/best-of-2017-awards/Best_Art_Direction |archive-date=December 16, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Best of 2017 Awards: Most Innovative |work=IGN |date=December 20, 2017 |url=http://www.ign.com/wikis/best-of-2017-awards/Most_Innovative |access-date=January 6, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102075437/http://www.ign.com/wikis/best-of-2017-awards/Most_Innovative |archive-date=January 2, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> It was also nominated for the Statue of Liberty Award for Best World at the New York Game Awards 2018,<ref>{{cite web |last=Whitney |first=Kayla |title=Complete list of winners of the New York Game Awards 2018 |work=[[AXS (company)|AXS]] |date=January 25, 2018 |url=https://www.axs.com/complete-list-of-winners-of-the-new-york-game-awards-2018-127527 |access-date=January 27, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127084050/https://www.axs.com/complete-list-of-winners-of-the-new-york-game-awards-2018-127527 |archive-date=January 27, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> and for "Excellence in Audio" at the [[:en:Independent_Games_Festival|Independent Games Festival]] Competition Awards.<ref>{{cite web |last=Faller |first=Patrick |title=Independent Games Festival Awards Nominees Announced |work=GameSpot |date=January 5, 2018 |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/independent-games-festival-awards-nominees-announc/1100-6455924/ |access-date=January 6, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107042859/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/independent-games-festival-awards-nominees-announc/1100-6455924/ |archive-date=January 7, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Whitney |first=Kayla |title=Complete list of 2018 Independent Games Festival Awards Winners |url=https://www.axs.com/complete-list-of-2018-independent-games-festival-awards-winners-129025 |work=AXS |date=March 22, 2018 |access-date=March 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701083156/https://www.axs.com/complete-list-of-2018-independent-games-festival-awards-winners-129025 |archive-date=July 1, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Notes== {{notelist}} == References == {{reflist|refs= <ref name="Eurogamer review">{{Cite web|last1=Parkin |first1=Simon |title=Rain World review |work=[[Eurogamer]] |date=March 29, 2017 |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2017-03-29-rain-world-review |access-date=April 17, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418162614/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2017-03-29-rain-world-review |archive-date=April 18, 2017 }}</ref> <!-- not used <ref name="GamesRadar: feel bad">{{Cite web|last1=Lemon |first1=Marshall |title=Rain World wants you to feel bad for killing its hungry enemies |work=[[GamesRadar]] |date=May 3, 2016 |url=http://www.gamesradar.com/rain-world-wants-you-to-feel-bad-for-killing-its-hungry-enemies/ |access-date=March 29, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209182340/http://www.gamesradar.com/rain-world-wants-you-to-feel-bad-for-killing-its-hungry-enemies/ |archive-date=February 9, 2017 }}</ref> --> <ref name="GamesRadar: Therrien">{{Cite web|last1=Agnello |first1=Anthony John |title=Like playing Metroid as a wild animal: the making of Rain World |work=Gamesradar |date=March 28, 2017 |url=http://www.gamesradar.com/the-making-of-rain-world/ |access-date=April 29, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328230326/http://www.gamesradar.com/the-making-of-rain-world/ |archive-date=March 28, 2017 }}</ref> <ref name="Kotaku: natural">{{Cite web|last1=Narcisse |first1=Evan |title=Natural Selection Has Been Very Kind To Slugcat. Now You Need to Help. |work=[[Kotaku]] |date=March 14, 2015 |url=http://kotaku.com/natural-selection-has-been-very-kind-to-slugcat-now-yo-1691458983 |access-date=March 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209182540/http://kotaku.com/natural-selection-has-been-very-kind-to-slugcat-now-yo-1691458983 |archive-date=February 9, 2017 }}</ref> <ref name="PC Gamer: Kickstarter">{{Cite web |last1=Birnbaum |first1=Ian |title=Rain World celebrates successful Kickstarter, Greenlight campaigns with new alpha footage |work=[[PC Gamer]] |date=January 24, 2014 |url=http://www.pcgamer.com/rain-world-celebrates-successful-kickstart-greenlight-with-new-alpha-footage/ |access-date=March 28, 2017 |archive-date=February 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225031928/https://www.pcgamer.com/rain-world-celebrates-successful-kickstart-greenlight-with-new-alpha-footage/ |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="RPS review">{{Cite web|last1=Caldwell |first1=Brendan |title=Wot I Think: Rain World |work=[[Rock, Paper, Shotgun]] |date=March 27, 2017 |url=https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2017/03/27/rain-world-review/ |access-date=March 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328021050/https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2017/03/27/rain-world-review/ |archive-date=March 28, 2017 }}</ref> <ref name="RPS video">{{Cite web|last1=Smith |first1=Graham |title=Rain World Video Shows Maps, More Physics Wonder |work=[[Rock, Paper, Shotgun]] |date=January 6, 2016 |url=https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2016/01/06/six-minute-rain-world-trailer/ |access-date=March 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110173817/https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2016/01/06/six-minute-rain-world-trailer/ |archive-date=January 10, 2017 }}</ref> <ref name="Siliconera: try">{{Cite web |last1=Priestman |first1=Chris |title=Try To Avoid Becoming Someone's Next Meal In Platformer Rain World |work=Siliconera |date=January 18, 2015 |url=http://www.siliconera.com/2015/01/18/try-to-avoid-becoming-someones-next-meal-in-platformer-rain-world/ |access-date=July 23, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151219130409/http://www.siliconera.com/2015/01/18/try-to-avoid-becoming-someones-next-meal-in-platformer-rain-world/ |archive-date=December 19, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="The Verge: composers">{{Cite web|last1=Webster |first1=Andrew |title=How the composers of Rain World created an alien soundscape using old cans and pipes |work=[[The Verge]] |date=February 21, 2017 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/2/21/14685358/rain-world-game-junk-audio-soundtrack |access-date=March 29, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401185723/http://www.theverge.com/2017/2/21/14685358/rain-world-game-junk-audio-soundtrack |archive-date=April 1, 2017 }}</ref> <ref name="VG247: ray">{{Cite web|last1=Cook |first1=Dave |title=Rain World: a ray of indie sunshine in a murky January interview |work=[[VG247]] |date=January 22, 2014 |url=http://www.vg247.com/2014/01/22/rain-world-a-ray-of-indie-sunshine-in-a-murky-january-interview/ |access-date=March 28, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202180203/http://www.vg247.com/2014/01/22/rain-world-a-ray-of-indie-sunshine-in-a-murky-january-interview/ |archive-date=February 2, 2017 }}</ref> <ref name="Vice: Stalker">{{Cite web |last1=Priestman |first1=Chris |title='Rain World' Is Like 'STALKER' but a Platformer and You're a Rodent |work=[[Waypoint (website)|Waypoint]] |date=March 27, 2017 |url=https://waypoint.vice.com/en_us/article/rain-world-is-like-stalker-but-a-platformer-and-youre-a-rodent |access-date=March 28, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328110316/https://waypoint.vice.com/en_us/article/rain-world-is-like-stalker-but-a-platformer-and-youre-a-rodent |archive-date=March 28, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="PCGamer update">{{Cite web |last1=Prescott |first1=Shaun |title=Rain World expansion will usher in difficulty options and multiplayer |work=[[PC Gamer]] |date=July 30, 2017 |url=http://www.pcgamer.com/rain-world-expansion-will-usher-in-difficulty-options-and-multiplayer/ |access-date=December 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213082016/http://www.pcgamer.com/rain-world-expansion-will-usher-in-difficulty-options-and-multiplayer/ |archive-date=December 13, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Steam update">{{Cite web |last1=Therrien |first1=James |title=UPDATE: Rain World 1.5 |work=[[Steam (service)|Steam]] |date=December 11, 2017 |url=https://steamcommunity.com/games/312520/announcements/detail/1482112225747905423 |access-date=December 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212082944/http://steamcommunity.com/games/312520/announcements/detail/1482112225747905423/ |archive-date=December 12, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="PC Gamer Downpour">{{Cite web |last1=Chalk |first1=Andy |title=Rain World is getting 5 new Slugcats in surprise Downpour DLC |work=[[PC Gamer]] |date=March 28, 2022 |url=https://www.pcgamer.com/rain-world-is-getting-5-new-slugcats-in-surprise-downpour-dlc/ |access-date=August 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213082016/http://www.pcgamer.com/rain-world-expansion-will-usher-in-difficulty-options-and-multiplayer/ |archive-date=December 13, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> }} [[Category:2017 video games]] [[Category:Crowdfunded video games]] [[Category:Indie video games]] [[Category:Multiplayer and single-player video games]] [[Category:Nintendo Switch games]] [[Category:Platform games]] [[Category:Post-apocalyptic video games]] [[Category:PlayStation 4 games]] [[Category:PlayStation 5 games]] [[Category:Survival video games]] [[Category:Video games about artificial intelligence]] [[Category:Video games about cats]] [[Category:Video games developed in the United States]] [[Category:Windows games]] [[Category:Video games about time loops]] 87s0nh4u8qsb8fj3wf1s464zf0v9v36 0 1137424 10368308 10275493 2025-07-02T21:48:10Z Theparties 343563 /* Potential candidates */ 10368308 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox election | election_name = 2028 Philippine Senate election | type = legislative | ongoing = yes | seats_for_election = 12 (of the 24) seats to the [[Senate of the Philippines]] | majority_seats = 13 | election_date = {{Start date|2028|5|8}} | country = Philippines | outgoing_members = | elected_members = | previous_year = 2025 | previous_election = 2025 Philippine Senate election | next_year = 2031 | title = [[President of the Senate of the Philippines|Senate President]] | before_election = | before_party = | after_election = | after_party = | alliance1 = | alliance2 = | alliance4 = | alliance5 = | colour1 = | colour2 = | party_colour = yes | colour4 = | colour5 = | map2_image = File:2028 Philippine Senate election results.png | map2_size = 300px | map2_caption = Composition of the Senate before the election, with the seats up for election inside the box. }} The '''2028 Philippine Senate election''' will be the 36th election of members to the [[Senate of the Philippines]] for a six-year term. It will be held on Monday, May 8, 2028, within the 2028 general elections. == Term-limited incumbents == The following are serving a successive six-year and are barred from seeking reelection. # [[Win Gatchalian]] ([[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]]) #:Gatchalian is speculated to be a [[2028 Philippine presidential election#For president|candidate for president]].<ref name="president 2028">{{Cite web |last=Lopez |first=Tony |title=The president in 2028 |url=https://qa.philstar.com/opinion/2025/05/17/2443608/president-2028 |date=May 17, 2025 |access-date=May 19, 2025 |publisher=[[The Philippine Star]]}}</ref> He is a potential [[2028 Philippine presidential election#For vice president|vice presidential candidate]].<ref name="won't">{{cite news |last1=Jimenez |first1=Josephus B. |title=The administration's bet in 2028 won't be Inday Sara |url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/opinion/2023/03/06/2249668/administrations-bet-2028-wont-be-inday-sara |access-date=January 16, 2025 |work=The Freeman |date=March 6, 2023}}</ref> # [[Risa Hontiveros]] ([[Akbayan]]) #:Hontiveros is interested to be a [[2028 Philippine presidential election#For president|candidate for president]].<ref name="hontiveros">{{cite news |last1=Abarca |first1=Charie |title=Risa Hontiveros ‘open’ to be opposition standard-bearer in 2028 |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2062092/risa-hontiveros-open-to-be-opposition-standard-bearer-in-2028 |access-date=May 21, 2025 |work=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |date=May 21, 2025}}</ref> She is also a potential [[2028 Philippine presidential election#For vice president|vice presidential candidate]].<ref name="kiko-risa">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title= VERA FILES FACT CHECK: Circulating graphic of Kiko-Risa tandem for the 2028 elections NOT OFFICIAL |url=https://verafiles.org/articles/vera-files-fact-check-circulating-graphic-of-kiko-risa-tandem-for-the-2028-elections-not-official |access-date=July 24, 2024 |work=Vera Files |date=November 18, 2022}}</ref> # [[Joel Villanueva]] ([[Independent politician|Independent]]) # [[Juan Miguel Zubiri]] ([[Independent politician|Independent]]) #: On April 1, 2024, Zubiri announced that he will not run for any public office in 2028.<ref name="zubiri">{{cite news |last1=Abarca |first1=Charie |title=Zubiri on vice presidency: ‘I will not be running for any public office in 2028’ |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1924671/zubiri-on-vice-presidency-i-will-not-be-running-for-any-public-office-in-2028 |access-date=July 24, 2024 |work=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |date=April 1, 2024}}</ref> ==Political parties== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+Parties in the Senate at the end of the [[20th Congress of the Philippines]] ! colspan="2" rowspan="2"| Party ! colspan="3" width="30px"| Current seats ! colspan="3"| Bloc membership ! colspan="4"| Political affiliation |- ! Up ! {{nowrap|Not Up}} ! Total ! Majority ! Minority ! Other ! colspan="2"| [[2025 Philippine Senate election|2025]] ! colspan="2"| 2028 |- | {{party name with colour|Nationalist People's Coalition}} | 4 | 2 | {{Composition bar|6|24|{{party color|Nationalist People's Coalition}}}} | {{N/A|TBD}} | {{N/A|TBD}} | {{N/A|TBD}} | {{party name with colour|Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas|shortname = Bagong Pilipinas|color = #207096}} | colspan="2" {{TBA}} |- | {{party name with colour|Nacionalista Party}} | 1 | 3 | {{Composition bar|4|24|{{party color|Nacionalista Party}}}} | {{N/A|TBD}} | {{N/A|TBD}} | {{N/A|TBD}} | {{party name with colour|Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas|shortname = Bagong Pilipinas|color = #207096}} | colspan="2" {{TBA}} |- | {{party color cell|PDP–Laban}} || align=left| [[Partido Demokratiko Pilipino|PDP]] | 1 | 2 | {{Composition bar|3|24|{{party color|PDP–Laban}}}} | {{N/A|TBD}} | {{N/A|TBD}} | {{N/A|TBD}} | {{party name with colour|DuterTen}} | colspan="2" {{TBA}} |- | {{party name with colour|Akbayan}} | 1 | 0 | {{Composition bar|1|24|{{party color|Akbayan}}}} | {{N/A|TBD}} | {{N/A|TBD}} | {{N/A|TBD}} | {{party name with colour|Trio Tapat sa Senado}} | colspan="2" {{TBA}} |- | {{party name with colour|Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino}} | 0 | 1 | {{Composition bar|1|24|{{party color|Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino}}}} | {{N/A|TBD}} | {{N/A|TBD}} | {{N/A|TBD}} | {{party name with colour|Trio Tapat sa Senado}} | colspan="2" {{TBA}} |- | {{party name with colour|Lakas-Christian Muslim Democrats}} | 0 | 1 | {{Composition bar|1|24|{{party color|Lakas-Christian Muslim Democrats}}}} | {{N/A|TBD}} | {{N/A|TBD}} | {{N/A|TBD}} | {{party name with colour|Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas|shortname = Bagong Pilipinas|color = #207096}} | colspan="2" {{TBA}} |- | {{party name with colour|Liberal Party (Philippines)}} | 0 | 1 | {{Composition bar|1|24|{{party color|Liberal Party (Philippines)}}}} | {{N/A|TBD}} | {{N/A|TBD}} | {{N/A|TBD}} | {{party name with colour|Trio Tapat sa Senado}} | colspan="2" {{TBA}} |- | {{party name with colour|Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino}} | 1 | 0 | {{Composition bar|1|24|{{party color|Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino}}}} | {{N/A|TBD}} | {{N/A|TBD}} | {{N/A|TBD}} | {{party name with colour|n/a}} | colspan="2" {{TBA}} |- | {{party name with colour|Independent politician}} | 4 | 2 | {{Composition bar|6|24|{{party color|Independent politician}}}} | {{N/A|TBD}} | {{N/A|TBD}} | {{N/A|TBD}} | colspan="4" {{N/A}} |- ! colspan="2"| Total ! 12 ! 12 ! 24 / 24 ! colspan="7"| |} == Candidates == === Declared candidates === The following have declared their intent to run in the election: {{col-start}}{{col-break}} {|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%" |+[[Independent politician|Independent]] |- !# !!width=120px|Name !!colspan=2 width=110px|Party !! Gender !! Ref |- ||| [[Raffy Tulfo]] | {{party name with colour|Independent}} |♂ |<ref>{{Cite web |first=Jauhn Etienne |last=Villaruel |title='Frontrunner' Tulfo to seek Senate reelection 'at most' in 2028 |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/2024/5/9/-frontrunner-tulfo-to-seek-senate-reelection-at-most-in-2028-1435 |date=May 9, 2024 |access-date=September 23, 2024 |publisher=[[ABS-CBN]]}}</ref> |}{{col-break}} {{col-end}} === Potential candidates === {{col-start}} {{col-3}} {|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%" |+[[Nationalist People's Coalition]] |- !# !!width=120px|Name !!colspan=2 width=110px|Party !! Gender !! Ref |- ||| [[JV Ejercito]] | {{party name with colour|Nationalist People's Coalition}} |♂ | |- ||| [[Francis Escudero|Chiz Escudero]] | {{party name with colour|Nationalist People's Coalition}} |♂ | |- ||| [[Loren Legarda]] | {{party name with colour|Nationalist People's Coalition}} |♀ | |} {|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%" |+[[Nacionalista Party|Nacionalista]] |- !# !!width=120px|Name !!colspan=2 width=110px|Party !! Gender !! Ref |- ||| [[Mark Villar]] | {{party name with colour|Nacionalista Party}} |♂ | |} {|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%" |+[[Partido Demokratiko Pilipino]] |- !# !!width=120px|Name !!colspan=2 width=110px|Party !! Gender !! Ref |- ||| [[Robin Padilla]] | {{party color cell|PDP–Laban}} || [[Partido Demokratiko Pilipino|PDP]] |♂ | |} {{col-break}} {{col-3}} {|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%" |+[[Partido Lakas ng Masa]] |- !# !!width=120px|Name !!colspan=2 width=110px|Party !! Gender !! Ref |- ||| [[Luke Espiritu]] | {{party name with colour|Partido Lakas ng Masa}} |♂ |<ref name= "Heidi Luke" /> |} {|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%" |+[[Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino]] |- !# !!width=120px|Name !!colspan=2 width=110px|Party !! Gender !! Ref |- ||| [[Jinggoy Estrada]] | {{party name with colour|Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino}} |♂ | |} {|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%" |+[[Independent politician|Independent]] |- !# !!width=120px|Name !!colspan=2 width=110px|Party !! Gender !! Ref |- ||| [[Alan Peter Cayetano]] | {{party name with colour|Independent}} |♂ | |- ||| [[Heidi Mendoza]] | {{party name with colour|Independent}} |♀ |<ref name= "Heidi Luke">{{Cite web |first=Marlen V. |last=Ronquillo |title=Heidi and Luke: The Kiko-Bam of the next election |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2025/05/21/opinion/columns/heidi-and-luke-the-kiko-bam-of-the-next-election/2117673 |date=May 21, 2025 |access-date=May 21, 2025 |publisher=[[The Manila Times]]}}</ref> |} {{col-break}} {{col-end}} {{notelist|group=candidatelist}} ==Results== The Commission on Elections, sitting as the National Board of Canvassers, is expected to proclaim the winners at least a week after election. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%" |- !colspan=2| !! width="25px" |1 !! width="25px" |2 !! width="25px" |3 !! width="25px" |4 !! width="25px" |5 !! width="25px" |6 !! width="25px" |7 !! width="25px" |8 !! width="25px" |9 !! width="25px" |10 !! width="25px" |11 !! width="25px" |12 !! width="25px" style="border-left:5px solid black;" |13 !! width="25px" |14 !! width="25px" |15 !! width="25px" |17 !! width="25px" |16 !! width="25px" |18 !! width="25px" |19 !! width="25px" |20 !! width="25px" |21 !! width="25px" |22 !! width="25px" |23!! width="25px" |24 |- !rowspan=2|Before<br />election |Senate bloc | colspan="5" {{party color cell|Independent politician}} Independent bloc | colspan="7" {{party color cell|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} Minority bloc | colspan="9" {{party color cell|Nationalist People's Coalition}} {{white|Majority bloc}} | colspan="3" {{party color cell|Akbayan}} {{white|Independent minority bloc}} |- |Party |{{party color cell|Independent}}‡ |{{party color cell|Independent}}‡ |{{party color cell|Nationalist People's Coalition}}{{white|‡}} |{{party color cell|Nationalist People's Coalition}}{{white|‡}} |{{party color cell|Nationalist People's Coalition}}{{white|‡}} |{{party color cell|Nacionalista Party}} |{{party color cell|Nacionalista Party}} |{{party color cell|Nacionalista Party}}‡ |{{party color cell|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}‡ |{{party color cell|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} |{{party color cell|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} |{{party color cell|Independent}} |{{party color cell|Lakas–CMD}} |{{party color cell|Nacionalista Party}} |{{party color cell|Nationalist People's Coalition}}{{white|‡}} |{{party color cell|Nationalist People's Coalition}} |{{party color cell|Nationalist People's Coalition}} |{{party color cell|Independent}} |{{party color cell|Independent}}‡ |{{party color cell|Independent}}‡ |{{party color cell|Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino}}‡ |{{party color cell|Liberal Party (Philippines)}} |{{party color cell|Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino}} |{{party color cell|Akbayan Citizens' Action Party}}{{white|‡}} |- | colspan="26" | |- ! colspan="2" |Election results | colspan="5" |Up | colspan="5" |Not up | colspan="2" |Up | colspan="5" |Not up | colspan="4" |Up | colspan="2" |Not up |Up |- ! rowspan="2" |After<br />election |Party | | | | | |{{party color cell|Nacionalista Party}} |{{party color cell|Nacionalista Party}} | | |{{party color cell|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} |{{party color cell|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} |{{party color cell|Independent}} |{{party color cell|Lakas–CMD}} |{{party color cell|Nacionalista Party}} | |{{party color cell|Nationalist People's Coalition}} |{{party color cell|Nationalist People's Coalition}} |{{party color cell|Independent}} | | | |{{party color cell|Liberal Party (Philippines)}} |{{party color cell|Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino}} | |- |Senate bloc |- |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%" ! colspan="2" |Key: |- |‡ |align=left|Seats up |- |* |align=left|Gained by a party from another party |- |√ |align=left|Held by the incumbent |- | + |align=left|Held by the same party with a new senator |}{{noteslist|group=table}} <!-- ===Per candidate=== ===Per coalition=== --> ===Per party=== {{Election results |seattype1=Up |seattype2=Before |seattype3=Won |seattype4=After|seattype5=+/− |image= |party1=[[Nationalist People's Coalition]] |votes1= |sw1= |st1t1=<!--Up--> 4 |st2t1=<!--Before--> 6 |st3t1=<!--Won--> |st4t1=<!--After--> |st5t1=<!--+/−--> |party2=[[Nacionalista Party]] |votes2= |sw12= |st1t2=<!--Up--> 1 |st2t2=<!--Before--> 4 |st3t2=<!--Won--> |st4t2=<!--After--> |st5t2=<!--+/−--> |party3=[[Partido Demokratiko Pilipino]] |votes3= |sw3= |st1t3=<!--Up--> 1 |st2t3=<!--Before--> 3 |st3t3=<!--Won--> |st4t3=<!--After--> |st5t3=<!--+/−--> |party4=[[Akbayan]] |votes4= |sw4= |st1t4=<!--Up--> 1 |st2t4=<!--Before--> 1 |st3t4=<!--Won--> |st4t4=<!--After--> |st5t4=<!--+/−--> |party5=[[Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino]] |votes5= |sw5= |st1t5=<!--Up--> 0 |st2t5=<!--Before--> 1 |st3t5=<!--Won--> |st4t5=<!--After--> |st5t6=<!--+/−--> |party6=[[Lakas–CMD]] |votes6= |sw6= |st1t6=<!--Up--> 0 |st2t6=<!--Before--> 1 |st3t6=<!--Won--> |st4t6=<!--After--> |st5t6=<!--+/−--> |party7=[[Liberal Party (Philippines)]] |votes7= |sw7= |st1t7=<!--Up--> 0 |st2t7=<!--Before--> 1 |st3t7=<!--Won--> |st4t7=<!--After--> |st5t7=<!--+/−--> |party8=[[Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino]] |votes8= |sw8= |st1t8=<!--Up--> 1 |st2t8=<!--Before--> 1 |st3t8=<!--Won--> |st4t8=<!--After--> |st5t8=<!--+/−--> |party9=[[Independent politician|Independent]] |votes9= |sw9= |st1t9=<!--Up--> 4 |st2t9=<!--Before--> 6 |st3t9=<!--Won--> |st4t9=<!--After--> |st5t9=<!--+/−--> |total_st5t<!--+/−-->=0 }} ==Sources== {{reflist}} [[Category:2028 elections]] [[Category:2028 in the Philippines]] [[Category:2020s elections in the Philippines]] o2j2v1rpmpk8s7zko1xobfx6szkal45 0 1139018 10367882 10348328 2025-07-02T16:27:14Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* References */ US-EN 10367882 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use American English|date=June 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=June 2025}} {{Infobox television | image = | caption = | alt = | genre = [[Preschool]]<br />[[Superhero]]<br />Educational<br />[[Adventure]] | creator = Angela C. Santomero | voices = {{Plainlist| * Nicholas Castel Vanderburgh * Nicholas Kaegi * Johnny Orlando * Zachary Bloch * Samuel Faraci * Siera Florindo * T.J. McGibbon * Tajja Isen }} | theme_music_composer = Steve D'Angelo<br />Terry Tompkins | opentheme = "Who's Got the Power?" | endtheme = "Hip Hip Hooray" {{small|(instrumental, seasons 1-2)}}<br />"Super Readers to the Rescue" {{small|(instrumental, season 3)}} | composer = {{Plainlist| * {{nowrap|Lorenzo Castelli {{small|(seasons 2-3)}}}} * Jeff Morrow {{small|(seasons 2-3)}} * Steve D'Angelo {{small|(entire run)}} * Terry Tompkins {{small|(entire run)}} }} | country = United States<br />Canada | language = English | num_seasons = 3 | num_episodes = 103 | list_episodes = | executive_producer = {{Plainlist| * Angela C. Santomero * Samantha Freeman Alpert * Steven DeNure * Anne Loi {{small|(seasons 2-3)}} }} | producer = | runtime = 26 minutes | company = {{Plainlist| * Decode Entertainment {{small|(season 1-2)}} * DHX Studios Halifax {{small|(season 3)}} * Out of the Blue Enterprises }} | network = {{Plainlist| * [[PBS Kids]] {{small|(United States)}} * [[CBC Kids]] {{small|(Canada)}} }} | first_aired = {{Start date|2007|09|03}} | last_aired = {{End date|2016|05|12}} }} '''''Super Why!''''' is an animated educational superhero [[children's television series]] created by Angela C. Santomero and developed by Santomero and Samantha Freeman Alpert for [[PBS Kids]]. Santomero and Alpert additionally serve as executive producers alongside Steven DeNure and Anne Loi. The series was produced by Santomero and Alpert's [[New York City]]-based production company Out of the Blue Enterprises in co-production with Decode Entertainment for the first season and [[WildBrain|DHX Studios Halifax]] for the second and third seasons. Animation was by [[Toronto]]-based C.O.R.E. Toons (season 1), Gallus Entertainment (season 2) and [[WildBrain|DHX Media]] (originally through its Decode Entertainment division). The opening and closing theme songs were written by composers and lyricists Steve D'Angelo and Terry Tompkins, with D'Angelo also providing lead vocals for both. The background score for seasons 2 and 3 was composed by Lorenzo Castelli and Jeff Morrow. The show was originally created as a [[stop motion]] pilot episode in 1999 by Cuppa Coffee Animation that was pitched to [[Nickelodeon]]/[[Nick Jr.]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Portfolio |url=http://www.cuppacoffee.com:80/portfolio/series.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000816033018/http://www.cuppacoffee.com:80/portfolio/series.htm |archive-date=August 16, 2000 |access-date=January 25, 2022 |website=www.cuppacoffee.com:80}}</ref> It was later featured at the [[Annecy International Animated Film Festival|2000 Annecy Film Festival]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Film Index |url=https://www.annecy.org/about/archives:en/2000:en/award-winners/film-index:film-20000399 |access-date=June 21, 2022 |website=www.annecy.org |language=en |archive-date=June 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623000357/https://www.annecy.org/about/archives:en/2000:en/award-winners/film-index:film-20000399 |url-status=live }}</ref> Nickelodeon ultimately opted not to pick up the show. Instead, [[Curious Pictures]] pitched another pilot to [[PBS Kids]] sometime in 2006, and [[PBS Kids]] further developed the series with funds from the [[United States Department of Education]]'s Ready to Learn grant<ref>{{cite web |title=Illustration, Concept Design, Visual {{sic|Develo|pement|nolink=y}} Curious Pictures LLC - Current client since 01/2002 |url=http://www.sallemander.com/testimonials.htm |website=EEW Books |access-date=November 27, 2023 |language=en |archive-date=March 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324071854/http://www.sallemander.com/testimonials.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Research Proves Super Why! Helps Children Learn to Read |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/research-proves-super-why-helps-children-learn-to-read-may-6-2009/ |website=About PBS - Main |access-date=October 20, 2023 |language=en |date=May 6, 2009 |archive-date=October 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029124119/https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/research-proves-super-why-helps-children-learn-to-read-may-6-2009/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and aired the premiere episode on September 3, 2007.<ref>{{cite web |title=Literacy Takes the Lead on PBS Kids and PBS Kids Go! |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/literacy-takes-the-lead-on-pbs-kids-and-pbs-kids-go-november-14-2007/ |website=About PBS - Main |access-date=October 20, 2023 |language=en |date=November 14, 2007 |archive-date=June 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607145710/https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/literacy-takes-the-lead-on-pbs-kids-and-pbs-kids-go-november-14-2007/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The original run ended on May 12, 2016 with a total of 103 episodes across three seasons.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Will Super Why! Return For a Season 4 on PBS // Renewed or Canceled? |url=https://tvnextseason.com/show/2316-super-why/ |access-date=September 22, 2022 |website=tvnextseason.com |archive-date=September 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922234205/https://tvnextseason.com/show/2316-super-why/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == Characters == * Whyatt Beanstalk becomes Super Why * Littlest Pig becomes Alpha Pig * [[Little Red Riding Hood]] becomes Wonder Red * Princess Pea becomes Princess Presto * Puppy becomes Woofster == Episodes list == === Season 1 (2007–10)=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; margin:auto; " |- ! style="background:#B11030;"|No. in<br />series ! style="background:#B11030;"|No. in<br />season ! style="background:#B11030;"|Title ! style="background:#B11030;"|Director ! style="background:#B11030;"|Writer ! style="background:#B11030;"|Storyboard ! style="background:#B11030;"|Super Story Answer ! style="background:#B11030;"|Original air date {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber= 1 | EpisodeNumber2=1 | OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|2007|09|03}} | Title= The Three Little Pigs | ShortSummary= Pig is mad at Jill for knocking down his buildings. The Super Readers then jump into the Three Little Pigs book, where they meet the Big Bad Wolf, who is blowing down the pigs' houses. '''Alphabet Power''': Wolf '''Word Power''': Wall/Ball '''Spelling Power''': Big | Aux2= Ruth Ramirez | Aux3= Friend | DirectedBy= Angela C. Santomero | WrittenBy= Angela C. Santomero | LineColor=B11030 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber= 2 | EpisodeNumber2=2 | OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|2007|09|04}} | Title= Hansel and Gretel | ShortSummary= Peter Piper is upset at Red for eating one of his pickled peppers without asking first. The Super Readers then jump into the Hansel and Gretel book, where a witch gets mad at Hansel and Gretel for eating cookies from her gingerbread cookie house. '''Alphabet Power''': Track the Trails A-Z '''Word Power''': N/A '''Spelling Power''': Raft, Fix | Aux2= Wayne Lee Pack | Aux3= Ask First | DirectedBy= Samantha Freeman Alpert | WrittenBy= Angela C. Santomero and Jennifer Hamburg | LineColor=B11030 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber= 3 | EpisodeNumber2=3 | OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|2007|09|05}} | Title= Humpty Dumpty | ShortSummary= Pig has to the slide in his backyard, but, he's to afraid to come down. The Super Readers then jump into the Humpty Dumpty book, where an egg does not wait to fall. '''Alphabet Power''': '''A'''pple, '''L'''ettuce, '''R'''adish '''Word Power''': N/A '''Spelling Power''': Ladder | Aux2= Ruth Martinez | Aux3= Cheer | DirectedBy= Steven DeNure | WrittenBy= Angela C. Santomero and Alex Breen | LineColor=B11030 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber= 4 | EpisodeNumber2=4 | OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|2007|09|06}} | Title= Jack and the Beanstalk | ShortSummary= Whyatt's baby sister, Joy, is crying and won't stop having a tantrum. The Super Readers then jump into the Jack and the Beanstalk book, where a giant also won't stop having a tantrum. '''Alphabet Power''': Climb up the Beanstalk '''Word Power''': N/A '''Spelling Power''': Open | Aux2= Wayne Lee Pack | Aux3= Music | DirectedBy= Samantha Freeman Alpert | WrittenBy= Angela C. Santomero and Jennifer Hamburg | LineColor=B11030 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber= 5 | EpisodeNumber2=5 | OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|2007|09|07}} | Title= The Tortoise and the Hare | ShortSummary=Red and Princess Pea team up in a potato sack race, but can't agree on how they should win. The Super Readers then jump into the Tortoise and the Hare book, where both Tortoise and the Hare want to win a race in different ways. '''Alphabet Power''': Go '''Word Power''': N/A '''Spelling Power''': Bell | Aux2=Troy Sullivan | Aux3= Enjoy the Game | DirectedBy=Angela C. Santomero and Jennifer Hamburg | WrittenBy=Jennifer Hamburg | LineColor=B11030 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber= 6 | EpisodeNumber2=6 | OriginalAirDate={{Start date|2007|09|14}} | Title= Goldilocks and the Three Bears | ShortSummary=When Whyatt entered his older brother Jack's room he messed it up. The Super Readers then jump into the Goldilocks and the Three Bears book, where a girl made a mess. '''Alphabet Power''': Chair '''Word Power''': Stair '''Spelling Power''': N/A | Aux2=Wayne Lee Pack | Aux3= Clean Up | DirectedBy=Angela C. Santomero and Jennifer Hamburg | WrittenBy=Angela C. Santomero | LineColor=B11030 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber= 7 | EpisodeNumber2=7 | OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|2007|09|17}} | Title= The Boy Who Cried Wolf | ShortSummary= Whyatt hears Baby Joy say her first word, but nobody believes him. The Super Readers then jump into the Boy Who Cried Wolf book, where a boy sees a wolf, but nobody believes him. '''Alphabet Power''': Bridge '''Word Power''': N/A '''Spelling Power''': Party | Aux2=Wayne Lee Pack | Aux3= Trust | DirectedBy=Angela C. Santomero and Jennifer Hamburg | WrittenBy=Ratha McCann | LineColor=B11030 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber= 8 | EpisodeNumber2=8 | OriginalAirDate={{Start date|2007|09|18}} | Title= Rapunzel | ShortSummary= Princess Pea's kitten gets stuck in a tree. The Super Readers then jump into the Rapunzel book, where Rapunzel is stuck in the tower. '''Alphabet Power''': Castle '''Word Power''': N/A '''Spelling Power''': Grow | Aux2=Troy Sullivan | Aux3= Teamwork | DirectedBy=Angela C. Santomero and Jennifer Hamburg | WrittenBy=Angela C. Santomero and Eva Steele-Saccio | LineColor=B11030 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber= 9 | EpisodeNumber2=9 | OriginalAirDate={{Start date|2007|09|25}} | Title= The Ugly Duckling | ShortSummary= Princess Pea is having trouble dancing in ballet. The Super readers then jump into the Ugly Duckling book where a duckling is having trouble with learning how to swim. '''Alphabet Power''': Duck '''Word Power''': N/A '''Spelling Power''': Kick | Aux2= Frank Ramirez | Aux3= Keep Trying | DirectedBy=Angela C. Santomero and Jennifer Hamburg | WrittenBy=Angela C. Santomero, Jennifer Hamburg and Pammy Salmon | LineColor=B11030 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber= 10 | EpisodeNumber2=10 | OriginalAirDate={{Start date|2007|09|26}} | Title= The Elves and the Shoemaker | ShortSummary= Whyatt receives a letter from a secret friend. The Super Readers then jump into the Elves and the Shoemaker book, where a shoemaker doesn't know anything about his secret elf friends. '''Alphabet Power''': Moon '''Word Power''': Sun '''Spelling Power''': N/A | Aux2=Wayne Lee Pack | Aux3= Playdate | DirectedBy=Angela C. Santomero and Jennifer Hamburg | WrittenBy=Angela C. Santomero and Michael Smith | LineColor=B11030 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber=11 | EpisodeNumber2=11 | OriginalAirDate={{Start date|2007|09|27}} | Title=Little Miss Muffet | ShortSummary=Red wants to play with Little Boy Blue, but he keeps running away because he is scared. The Super Readers then jump into the Little Miss Muffet book, where a spider wants to play with a girl. | Aux2=Ruth Martinez | Aux3= Nice | DirectedBy=Angela C. Santomero and Jennifer Hamburg | WrittenBy=Angela C. Santomero, Jennifer Hamburg and Sandy Damashek | LineColor=B11030 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber=12 | EpisodeNumber2=12 | OriginalAirDate={{Start date|2007|09|28}} | Title=[[Cinderella]] | ShortSummary=Red is worried about fitting in at Sleeping Beauty's princess party. The Super Readers then jump into the Cinderella book, where they meet Cinderella, who is also worried about fitting in at the party in the prince's castle. | Aux2=Troy Sullivan | Aux3=Be Yourself | DirectedBy=Angela C. Santomero and Jennifer Hamburg | WrittenBy=Brian Perkins and Angela C. Santomero | LineColor=B11030 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber=13 | EpisodeNumber2=13 | OriginalAirDate={{Start date|2007|10|17}} | Title=The Ant and the Grasshopper |ShortSummary=Because Pig goofed off instead of preparing for a picnic, he forgot his lunch at home. The Super Readers then jump into the Ant and the Grasshopper book, where they help Grasshopper in getting ready for winter. | Aux2 = Frank Ramirez | Aux3=Get Ready | DirectedBy=Angela C. Santomero and Jennifer Hamburg | WrittenBy=Ratha McCann | LineColor=B11030 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber=14 | EpisodeNumber2=14 | OriginalAirDate={{Start date|2007|10|18}} | Title=[[The Little Red Hen]] | ShortSummary=Red needs help by making applesauce cookies, but all her friends are too busy. The Super readers then jump into the Little Red Hen book, where a little hen wants to bake cornbread for her baby chicks, but none of her friends want to help her. | Aux2=Ruth Ramirez | Aux3=Tell Why | DirectedBy=Angela C. Santomero and Jennifer Hamburg | WrittenBy=Sandy Damashek | LineColor=B11030 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber=15 | EpisodeNumber2=15 | OriginalAirDate={{Start date|2007|10|19}} | Title=The Frog Prince | ShortSummary=Princess Pea and Spider want to do different things: Princess Pea wants to do ballet, while Spider wants to spin webs. The Super Readers then jump into the Frog Prince book, where they meet a frog who wants to jump, and a princess who wants to play with her wands. | Aux2=Wayne Lee Pack | Aux3=Take Turns | DirectedBy= Angela C. Santomero and Jennifer Hamburg | WrittenBy= Alana Sanko, Angela C. Santomero and Jennifer Hamburg | LineColor=B11030 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber=16 | EpisodeNumber2=16 | OriginalAirDate={{Start date|2007|11|20}} | Title=[[The Princess and the Pea]] | ShortSummary=Princess Pea is worried that she won't pass her puzzle test. The Super Readers then jump into the Princess and the Pea book. | Aux2=Troy Sullivan | Aux3=Smart | DirectedBy=Angela C. Santomero and Jennifer Hamburg | WrittenBy=Jennifer Hamburg | LineColor=B11030 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber=17 | EpisodeNumber2=17 | OriginalAirDate={{Start date|2007|11|21}} | Title=[[Little Red Riding Hood]] | ShortSummary=Wolfy keeps tricking and scaring Pig. The Super Readers then jump into the Little Red Riding Hood book, and meet a wolf tricking them. | Aux2=Ralphwood Lighthill | Aux3=Stop | DirectedBy=Angela C. Santomero and Jennifer Hamburg | WrittenBy=Angela C. Santomero | LineColor=B11030 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber=18 | EpisodeNumber2=18 | OriginalAirDate={{Start date|2007|11|22}} | Title=Tom Thumb | ShortSummary=Pig wants to go on an adventure himself, but he's too young to go alone. The Super Readers then jump into the Tom Thumb book. | Aux2=Ruth Ramirez | Aux3=Family | DirectedBy=Angela C. Santomero and Jennifer Hamburg | WrittenBy=Pammy Salmon | LineColor=B11030 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber= 19 | EpisodeNumber2=19 | Title= Little Bo Peep | DirectedBy= Angela C. Santomero and Jennifer Hamburg | WrittenBy= Ratha McCann | Aux2= Wayne Lee Pack | Aux3= Clues | OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|2008|01|21}} | ShortSummary= Whyatt's pet lizard sneaks away. The Super Readers then jump into the Little Bo Peep book, where a little girl named Bo Peep has lost her sheep. | LineColor=B11030 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber= 20 | EpisodeNumber2=20 | Title= [[The Emperor's New Clothes]] | DirectedBy= Angela C. Santomero and Jennifer Hamburg | WrittenBy= Sheila Dinsmore | Aux2= Troy Sullivan | Aux3= Speak Up | OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|2008|01|22}} | ShortSummary= Pig feels embarrassed when Jill makes him wear a pail on his head. The Super Readers then jump into the Emperor's New Clothes book, where an Emperor was given invisible clothes and did not want to march a parade in his invisible clothes. | LineColor = B11030 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber= 21 | EpisodeNumber2=21 | Title= The Twelve Dancing Princesses | DirectedBy= Angela C. Santomero and Jennifer Hamburg | WrittenBy= Jennifer Hamburg | Aux2= Troy Sullivan | Aux3= Surprise | OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|2008|04|07}} | ShortSummary= It's the day before Whyatt's birthday and he's wondering why his family is being strangely sneaky. The Super Readers then jump to the "Twelve Dancing Princesses" book. | LineColor=B11030 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber= 22 | EpisodeNumber2=22 | Title= The Three Billy Goats Gruff | DirectedBy= Angela C. Santomero and Jennifer Hamburg | WrittenBy= Brian Perkins | Aux2= Ruth Ramirez | Aux3= Manners | OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|2008|04|08}} | ShortSummary= Red's grandmother won't let her cross the kitchen floor to have a piece of red velvet cake. The Super Readers then jump into the Three Billy Goats Gruff book, where three goats had to cross a bridge to get home. | LineColor=B11030 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber= 23 | EpisodeNumber2=23 | Title= [[Thumbelina]] | DirectedBy= Angela C. Santomero and Jennifer Hamburg | WrittenBy= Jennifer Hamburg and Eva Stelle-Saccio | Aux2= Wayne Lee Pack | Aux3= Ask for Help | OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|2008|04|09}} | ShortSummary= Pig can't find his stuffed animal Henry hippo. The Super Readers then jump into the Thumbelina book, where Thumbelina can't find her friend Thimble. | LineColor=B11030 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber= 24 | EpisodeNumber2=24 | Title= Goldilocks and the Three Bears: The Mystery | DirectedBy= Angela C. Santomero and Jennifer Hamburg | WrittenBy= Betty Quan | Aux2= Troy Sullivan | Aux3= Prove It | OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|2008|04|10}} | ShortSummary= Whyatt's brother, Jack, is frustrated because one of the strings on his guitar broke and he thinks that Wyatt is to blame, but he didn't do it. The Super Readers then jump into the Goldilocks and the Three Bears: The Mystery book, where the three bears thought that Goldilocks made the mess in their house, but she didn't do it. | LineColor=B11030 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber= 25 | EpisodeNumber2=25 | Title= Tiddalick the Frog | DirectedBy= Angela C. Santomero and Jennifer Hamburg | WrittenBy= Sheila Dinsmore | Aux2= John Flagg | Aux3= Save Water | OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|2008|04|22}} | ShortSummary= Whyatt's mom gets very upset with him for leaving the water on for too long. The Super Readers then jump into the Tiddalick the Frog book, where a frog named Tiddalick is wasting water. | LineColor=B11030 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber= 26 | EpisodeNumber2=26 | Title= [[Beauty and the Beast]] | DirectedBy= Angela C. Santomero and Jennifer Hamburg | WrittenBy= Andrea Maywhort, Eric Saiet and Jennifer Hamburg | Aux2= Frank Ramirez | Aux3= Use your Words | OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|2008|05|19}} | ShortSummary= During their playdate, Wolfy was so upset after his kite got stuck on a tree and Princess Pea doesn't understand why Wolfy is so upset. The Super Readers then jump into the Beauty and the Beast book, where Beast keeps roaring at the Beauty and she can't understand why he is mad. | LineColor=B11030 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber= 27 | EpisodeNumber2=27 | Title= [[Rumpelstiltskin]] | DirectedBy= Angela C. Santomero and Jennifer Hamburg | WrittenBy= Brian Perkins | Aux2= Frank Ramirez | Aux3= Learn | OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|2008|05|20}} | ShortSummary= Princess Pea needs help tying the laces on her roller skates. The Super Readers then jump into the Rumpelstiltskin book, where they meet a princess at a spinning wheel. | LineColor=B11030 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber= 28 | EpisodeNumber2=28 | Title= [[Sleeping Beauty]] | DirectedBy= Angela C. Santomero and Jennifer Hamburg | WrittenBy= Claudia Silver | Aux2= John Flagg | Aux3= Try New Things | OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|2008|05|21}} | ShortSummary= Princess Pea wants to have a tea party rather than play pirates with the three pigs. The Super Readers then jump into the Sleeping Beauty book. | LineColor=B11030 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber= 29 | EpisodeNumber2=29 | Title= The Foolish Wishes | DirectedBy= Angela C. Santomero and Jennifer Hamburg | WrittenBy= Ratha McCann | Aux2= Frank Ramirez | Aux3= Choose Carefully | OriginalAirDate= {{Start date|2008|05|22}} | ShortSummary= Whyatt can't decide between getting a racecar, bubble blower, or comic book at the gift shop. The Super Readers then jump into the Foolish Wishes book, where a farmer is making foolish wishes. | LineColor=B11030 }} |} ==References== {{reflist}} {{Former PBS Kids original programming}} [[Category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:2000s American children's television series]] [[Category:2000s American television series debuts]] [[Category:2000s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:2000s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:2000s Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2007 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2007 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2010s American animated television series]] [[Category:2010s American children's television series]] [[Category:2010s American television series endings]] [[Category:2010s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:2010s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:2010s Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:2016 American television series endings]] [[Category:2016 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:American animated television series]] [[Category:American children's television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:Animated television series about children]] [[Category:Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:Children's television series about talking animals]] [[Category:PBS Kids shows]] ck7p1tifaw0d3pdv518r0muxfam6v9k 0 1140993 10368274 10366217 2025-07-02T21:14:25Z 2407:7000:B226:EB06:7C77:A83B:D22C:CFC0 /* July */ 10368274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{redlinks|date=May 2025}} The following is a list of notable deaths that happened in the year [[2025]]. Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by their last name, or [[pseudonym]]. Deaths of non-humans are also noted here, if worth noting. ==Criteria== Every entry [[Wikipedia:SOURCE|is backed by a source]]. Proper citations are used and no bare URLs so as to prevent link rot. The following are the requirements for adding a name to the list in its order: [[Name]], [[age]], origin, what the person is known for and his or her [[cause of death]] – if known – and a source for verification. {{TOC right}} ==July== ===3=== ===2=== *[[Agliberto Meléndez]], 82, [[Dominican Republic|Dominican]] film director (''[[One Way Ticket (1988 movie)|One Way Ticket]]'').<ref>[https://elnuevodiario.com.do/fallece-el-cineasta-agliberto-melendez-pionero-del-cine-dominicano/ Fallece el cineasta Agliberto Meléndez, pionero del cine dominicano] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Babu Meman]], 73, Zimbabwean cricketer ([[Shropshire County Cricket Club|Shropshire]], [[Zimbabwe national cricket team|national team]]).<ref>[https://africa.espn.com/cricket/story/_/id/45643984/former-zimbabwe-spinner-team-manager-meman-dies-73 Former Zimbabwe spinner and team manager Meman dies at 73]</ref> (death announced on this date) ===1=== *[[Florence Delay]], 84, French writer and actress (''[[The Trial of Joan of Arc]]'', ''[[Le Jouet criminel]]'', ''[[Écoute voir]]''), member of the [[Académie Française]].<ref>[https://www.academie-francaise.fr/actualites/deces-de-mme-florence-delay-f10 Décès de Mme Florence Delay (F10)] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Maureen Hingert]], 88, Sri Lankan actress (''[[Fort Bowie (movie)|Fort Bowie]]'', ''[[Gun Fever (movie)|Gun Fever]]'', ''[[The Adventures of Hiram Holliday]]'').<ref>[https://www.dailynews.lk/2025/07/01/admin-catagories/breaking-news/806671/sri-lankas-first-hollywood-starlet-and-miss-universe-finalist-passes-away-at-88/ Sri Lanka’s First Hollywood Starlet and Miss Universe Finalist, Passes Away at 88]</ref> (death announced on this date) ==June== ===30=== ===29=== * [[Andrew Cuomo]] 67 American Government *[[Sandy Gall]], 97, Scottish journalist and television presenter.<ref>[https://www.itv.com/news/2025-06-30/legendary-itv-news-presenter-sandy-gall-dies-aged-97 Legendary ITV News presenter Sandy Gall dies aged 97]</ref> ===28=== *[[Mabandla Dlamini]], 94, Swazi politician, [[List of prime ministers of Eswatini|prime minister]] (1979–1983).<ref>[https://www.swazilandnews.co.za/fundza.php?nguyiphi=9380 King Mswati’s Advisor and former Prime Minister Prince Mabandla dies,Spokesperson Percy Simelane says “he was the pillar of the Nation”]</ref> *[[Wayne Larkins]], 71, English cricketer ([[Northamptonshire County Cricket Club|Northamptonshire]], [[England cricket team|national team]]).<ref>[https://nccc.co.uk/news/remembering-wayne-larkins/ Remembering Wayne Larkins]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Dave Parker]], 74, American [[National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum|Hall of Fame]] baseball player ([[Cincinnati Reds]], [[Pittsburgh Pirates]], [[Oakland Athletics]]), [[World Series]] champion ([[1979 World Series|1979]], [[1989 World Series|1989]]), complications from Parkinson's disease.<ref>[https://www.wlwt.com/article/former-reds-player-dave-parker-dead-at-74/65236095 Former Reds player Dave Parker dead at 74]</ref> ===26=== *[[Rick Hurst]], 79, American actor (''[[The Dukes of Hazzard]]'', ''[[Steel Magnolias]]'', ''[[Earth Girls Are Easy]]'').<ref>[https://www.tmz.com/2025/06/26/dukes-of-hazzard-actor-richard-hurst-dead/ Richard Hurst, 'Dukes of Hazzard' Star, Dead at 79]</ref> *[[Takutai Tarsh Kemp]], New Zealand politician, [[New Zealand Parliament|MP]] (since 2023), kidney disease.<ref>[https://www.1news.co.nz/2025/06/26/te-pati-maori-mp-takutai-tarsh-kemp-dies/ Te Pāti Māori MP Takutai Tarsh Kemp dies]</ref> ===24=== *[[Guzh Manukyan]], 88, Armenian actor (''[[Nahapet]]'', ''[[The Song of the Old Days]]''), [[People's Artist of the Armenian SSR]] (1980).<ref>[https://arminfo.info/full_news.php?id=92528 Из жизни ушел выдающийся армянский актер Гуж Манукян] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[Bobby Sherman]], 81, American singer ("[[Easy Come, Easy Go]]", "[[Julie, Do Ya Love Me]]") and [[teen idol]], [[kidney cancer]].<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/music/news/bobby-sherman-dead-singer-actor-1236439296/ Bobby Sherman, Heartthrob Singer and TV Actor of the 1970s, Dies at 81]</ref>. *[[Alvaro Vitali]], 75, Italian actor (''[[Pierino colpisce ancora]]'', ''[[L'onorevole con l'amante sotto il letto]]'', ''[[Roma (1972 movie)|Roma]]''), bronchopneumonia.<ref>[https://www.ilmessaggero.it/en/remembering_alvaro_vitali-8917618.html Remembering Alvaro Vitali] {{in lang|it}}</ref> ===23=== *[[Dilip Doshi]], 77, Indian cricketer ([[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]], [[Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club|Nottinghamshire]], [[India national cricket team|national team]]), cardiac arrest.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/former-india-spinner-dilip-doshi-passes-away-at-77/articleshow/122031504.cms Former India spinner Dilip Doshi passes away at 77]</ref> *[[Lea Massari]], 91, Italian actress (''[[L'Avventura]]'', ''[[Murmur of the Heart]]'', ''[[Christ Stopped at Eboli (movie)|Christ Stopped at Eboli]]'').<ref>[https://www.adnkronos.com/spettacoli/addio-a-lea-massari-la-diva-discreta-del-cinema-italiano-aveva-91-anni_1sRjjco91VSOxBQXTqsWNN Addio a Lea Massari, la diva discreta del cinema italiano aveva 91 anni] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Mick Ralphs]], 81, English [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame| Hall of Fame]] guitarist ([[Mott the Hoople]], [[Bad Company]]) and songwriter ("[[Feel Like Makin' Love (Bad Company song)|Feel Like Makin' Love]]"), complications from a stroke.<ref>[https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/mick-ralphs-guitarist-bad-company-mott-the-hoople-dead-1235370273/ Mick Ralphs, Guitarist in Bad Company and Mott the Hoople, Dead at 81]</ref> (death announced on this date) ===21=== *[[David Lawrence (cricketer)|David Lawrence]], 61, English cricketer ([[Gloucestershire County Cricket Club|Gloucestershire]], [[England cricket team|national team]]), complications from motor neurone disease.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/jun/22/david-syd-lawrence-former-england-cricketer-dies-aged-61 David ‘Syd’ Lawrence, former England cricketer, dies aged 61]</ref> *[[Mikayla Raines]], 29, owner of charity [[SaveAFox Rescue]] and YouTube channel Saveafox<ref>{{Cite web|last=Producer|first=Stephen Swanson Web|last2=in 2011|first2=CBS Minnesota Stephen Swanson is a web producer at CBS News Minnesota Stephen was a floor director for a decade before moving to the WCCO-TV newsroom|last3=Swanson|first3=where he focuses on general assignment reporting Read Full Bio Stephen|date=2025-06-24|title=Mikayla Raines, founder of Minnesota's Save A Fox rescue, dies at 29, husband says - CBS Minnesota|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/mikayla-raines-dies-save-a-fox-rescue/|access-date=2025-06-24|website=www.cbsnews.com|language=en-US}}</ref> *[[Valentina Talyzina]], 90, Russian actress (''[[The Road to 'Saturn']]'', ''[[Zigzag of Success]]'', ''[[Afonya]]''), [[People's Artist of the RSFSR]] (1985).<ref>[https://161.ru/text/incidents/2025/06/21/75619511/ Ушла из жизни народная артистка Валентина Талызина. Ее голосом разговаривала и пела мама Дяди Федора из «Простоквашино»] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> ===20=== *[[Marita Camacho Quirós]], 114, Costa Rican supercentenarian, [[First ladies and gentlemen of Costa Rica|first lady]] (1962–1966).<ref>[https://longeviquest.com/2025/06/marita-camacho-quiros-oldest-costa-rican-on-record-dies-at-114/ Marita Camacho Quirós, Oldest Costa Rican on Record, Dies at 114]</ref> *[[Ian McLauchlan]], 83, Scottish rugby union player ([[Scotland national rugby union team|national team]], [[British & Irish Lions]]).<ref>[https://scottishrugby.org/obituary-ian-mclauchlan/ Obituary: Ian McLauchlan]</ref> ===19=== *[[Jack Betts]], 96, American actor (''[[Spider-Man (2002 movie)|Spider-Man]]'', ''[[Sugar Colt]]'', ''[[Gods and Monsters (movie)|Gods and Monsters]]'').<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jack-betts-dead-spider-man-spaghetti-westerns-hunt-powers-1236296256/ Jack Betts, Actor in Spaghetti Westerns and ‘Spider-Man,’ Dies at 96]</ref> *[[Gailard Sartain]], 78, American actor (''[[Hee Haw]]'', ''[[Ernest Saves Christmas]]'', ''[[Mississippi Burning]]'').<ref>[https://tulsaworld.com/life-entertainment/local/movies-tv/article_7295af07-d754-4a9e-86df-1b1938c5ae5e.html Tulsa actor and longtime 'Hee Haw' cast member Gailard Sartain dies]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Guido Tenesi]], 71, American ice hockey player ([[Hershey Bears]]) and actor (''[[Slap Shot (movie)|Slap Shot]]'').<ref>[https://nypost.com/2025/06/20/sports/slap-shot-actor-hershey-bears-hockey-player-guido-tenesi-dead-at-71/ ‘Slap Shot’ actor, hockey player Guido Tenesi dead at 71: ‘You’re forever a Chief’]</ref> ===18=== *[[Lou Christie]], 82, American singer-songwriter ("[[Lightnin' Strikes]]", "[[I'm Gonna Make You Mine (Lou Christie song)|I'm Gonna Make You Mine]]"), cancer.<ref>[https://bestclassicbands.com/lou-christie-lightnin-strikes-obituary-6-18-25/ Lou Christie, ‘Lightnin’ Strikes’ Singer, Dead at 82]</ref> *[[Natalya Tenyakova]], 80, Russian actress (''[[Love and Pigeons]]'', ''[[Older Sister]]'', ''[[A Frenchman]]'').<ref>[https://iz.ru/en/1905626/2025-06-18/peoples-artist-russian-federation-natalia-tenyakova-died-age-80 People's Artist of the Russian Federation Natalia Tenyakova died at the age of 80]</ref> ===17=== *[[Anne Burrell]], 55, American [[chef]] and [[television presenter]] (''Worst Cooks in America'').<ref>[https://www.msn.com/en-us/tv/news/anne-burrell-food-network-star-and-worst-cooks-in-america-host-dies-at-55/ar-AA1GUCHc?ocid=BingNewsSerp Anne Burrell, Food Network star and 'Worst Cooks in America' host, dies at 55]</ref> *[[Alfred Brendel]], 94, Austrian pianist living in London.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2025/06/17/alfred-brendel-le-pianiste-qui-tutoyait-beethoven-et-schubert-est-mort_6613911_3382.html|title=Alfred Brendel, le pianiste qui tutoyait Beethoven et Schubert, est mort|publisher=Le Monde|accessdate=17 June 2025|date=17 June 2025|language=French}}</ref> ===16=== *[[Ron Taylor (baseball)|Ron Taylor]], 87, Canadian baseball player ([[St. Louis Cardinals]], [[New York Mets]]) and team physician ([[Toronto Blue Jays]]), four-time [[World Series]] champion.<ref>[https://medicinehatnews.com/sports/national-sports/2025/06/16/ron-taylor-a-former-major-league-pitcher-and-longtime-blue-jays-doctor-dead-at-87/ Ron Taylor, a former major-league pitcher and longtime Blue Jays doctor, dead at 87]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Kim Woodburn]], 83, English television personality (''[[How Clean Is Your House?]]'')<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cd783228vvro Reality star Kim Woodburn dies at 83]</ref> *[[Manuel Zarzo]], 93, Spanish actor (''[[The Delinquents (1960 movie)|The Delinquents]]'', ''[[The Song of the Nightingale (movie)|The Song of the Nightingale]]'', ''[[My Love Is Called Margarita]]'').<ref>[https://www.g24.gal/-/morre-o-actor-manolo-zarzo-aos-93-anos Morre o actor Manolo Zarzo aos 93 anos] {{in lang|gl}}</ref> ===15=== ===14=== *[[Violeta Chamorro]], 95, Nicaraguan politician, [[President of Nicaragua|president]] (1990–1997), member of the [[Junta of National Reconstruction]] (1979–1980).<ref>[https://www.marketscreener.com/news/latest/Nicaragua-s-first-female-president-Chamorro-dies-at-95-50243718/ Nicaragua's first female president Chamorro dies at 95]</ref> *[[Kollangudi Karuppayee]], 99, Indian folk singer and actress (''[[Aan Paavam]]'', [[Gopala Gopala (1996 movie)|''Gopala Gopala'']], ''[[Kabadi Kabadi (2001 movie)|Kabadi Kabadi]]'').<ref>[https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/veteran-actress-and-folk-singer-kollangudi-karuppayi-passes-away-at-99-837031 Veteran actress and folk singer Kollangudi Karuppayi passes away at 99]</ref> *[[Topsy Küppers]], 93, Austrian actress (''[[Guitars of Love]]'', ''[[Three Girls from the Rhine]]''), singer, and writer.<ref>[https://oe1.orf.at/artikel/720487/Topsy-Kueppers-verstorben Topsy Küppers verstorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> (death announced on this date) ===13=== *[[Katerina Yioulaki]], 87, Greek actress (''[[The Dodger (movie)|The Dodger]]'', ''[[Oi kyries tis avlis]]'', ''[[Gia mia choufta Touristries]]'').<ref>[https://www.zougla.gr/politismos/pethane-i-katerina-gioulaki-se-ilikia-87-eton/ Πέθανε η Κατερίνα Γιουλάκη σε ηλικία 87 ετών] {{in lang|el}}</ref> ===12=== *[[Maurice Gee]], 93, New Zealand author (''[[Under the Mountain (novel)|Under the Mountain]]'', ''[[In My Father's Den]]'', ''[[Plumb (novel series)|Plumb]]''), [[Arts Foundation of New Zealand#Icon Award|AFNZ Icon]] (since 2003).<ref>[https://www.thepress.co.nz/nz-news/360724081/writer-maurice-gee-has-died ‘A remarkable legacy in New Zealand literature’ - writer Maurice Gee has died]</ref> *[[Clifton Jones]], 87, Jamaican-British actor (''[[Space: 1999]]'', ''[[Watership Down (movie)|Watership Down]]'', ''[[China Moon]]'').<ref>[https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/clifton-jones-space-1999-dead-newsupdate/ Clifton Jones – Space: 1999, The Professionals and Z-Cars actor – dies, aged 87]</ref> ===11=== *[[Ayumu Saito]], 60, Japanese actor (''[[Ju-On: The Grudge 2]]'', ''[[The Angel's Egg]]'', ''[[Journey Under the Midnight Sun]]''), [[urothelial carcinoma]].<ref>[https://www.htb.co.jp/news/archives_31910.html 訃報　斎藤歩さん（６０）死去　札幌在住の俳優・劇作家・演出家　北海道の演劇界を長くけん引] {{in lang|ja}}</ref> *[[Brian Wilson]], 82, American [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] musician ([[The Beach Boys]]), songwriter ("[[Good Vibrations]]"), and record producer (''[[Pet Sounds]]'').<ref>[https://apnews.com/article/brian-wilson-dies-beach-boys-2272762e46c46820a7af09ffc73cb9a6 Brian Wilson, Beach Boys visionary leader and summer’s poet laureate, dies at 82]</ref> (death announced on this date) ===10=== ===9=== *[[Frederick Forsyth]], 86, English novelist (''[[The Day of the Jackal]]'', ''[[The Odessa File]]'', ''[[The Fourth Protocol]]'').<ref>[https://apnews.com/article/frederick-forsyth-death-day-of-jackal-983275d4e161aa29e42dc09255c9c721 ‘Day of the Jackal’ author Frederick Forsyth dies at 86]</ref> *[[Partho Ghosh]], 75, Indian filmmaker (''[[100 Days (1991 movie)|100 Days]]'', ''[[Dalaal]]'', ''[[Agni Sakshi (1996 movie)|Agni Sakshi]]'').<ref>[https://ianslive.in/100-days-dalaal-director-partho-ghosh-passes-away--20250609100402 ‘100 Days’, 'Dalaal' director Partho Ghosh passes away]</ref> *[[Pik-Sen Lim]], 80, Malaysian-British actress (''[[Emergency Ward 10]]'', ''[[Mind Your Language]]'', ''[[Johnny English Reborn]]'').<ref>[https://www.malaymail.com/news/showbiz/2025/06/13/malaysian-born-actress-pik-sen-lim-known-for-roles-in-mind-your-language-doctor-who-and-johnny-english-reborn-dies-at-80/180215 Malaysian-born actress Pik-Sen Lim, known for roles in ‘Mind Your Language’, ‘Doctor Who’ and ‘Johnny English Reborn’, dies at 80]</ref> *[[Sly Stone]], 82, American [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] musician ([[Sly and the Family Stone]]) and songwriter ("[[Everyday People]]", "[[Family Affair (Sly and the Family Stone song)|Family Affair]]"), [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|COPD]].<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/music/news/sly-stone-dead-funk-rock-pioneer-family-stone-1236423831/ Sly Stone, Funk-Rock Pioneer Who Led the Family Stone, Dies at 82]</ref> ===8=== *[[Ewa Dałkowska]], 78, Polish actress (''[[Nights and Days]]'', ''[[Without Anesthesia]]'', ''[[A Year of the Quiet Sun]]'').<ref>[https://rozrywka.dorzeczy.pl/738075/ewa-dalkowska-nie-zyje-wybitna-aktorka-miala-78-lat.html Nie żyje wybitna aktorka. Miała 78 lat] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> *[[Vladimír Smutný]], 82, Czech cinematographer (''[[Forbidden Dreams]]'', ''[[Kolya]]'', ''[[The Painted Bird (movie)|The Painted Bird]]'').<ref>[https://english.radio.cz/renowned-czech-cameraman-vladimir-smutny-dies-82-8853372 Renowned Czech cameraman Vladimír Smutný dies at 82]</ref> *[[Stu Wilson]], 70, New Zealand rugby union player ([[Wellington Rugby Football Union|Wellington]], [[New Zealand national rugby union team|national team]]).<ref>[https://www.planetrugby.com/news/all-blacks-and-wellington-legend-dies-as-wallabies-great-pays-tribute-to-great-mate All Blacks and Wellington legend dies as Wallabies great pays tribute to ‘try-scoring machine’]</ref> ===7=== ===6=== *[[Marise Wipani]], 61, New Zealand beauty pageant contestant, actor (''[[Came a Hot Friday]]'', ''[[List of Shortland Street characters introduced in 2008|Shortland Street]]''), and television presenter (''[[Lotto New Zealand|Lotto]]'').<ref>[https://www.stuff.co.nz/culture/360715678/actor-and-former-lotto-host-marise-wipani-has-died Actor and former Lotto host Marise Wipani has died]</ref> ===5=== *[[Wayne Lewis (singer-songwriter)|Wayne Lewis]], 68, American singer ([[Atlantic Starr]]) and songwriter ("[[Always (Atlantic Starr song)|Always]]", "[[Secret Lovers]]").<ref>[https://soultracks.com/news-wayne-lewis-atlantic-starr-dies/ Wayne Lewis, legendary co-founder of Atlantic Starr, dies at 68]</ref> *[[Edgar Lungu]], 68, Zambian politician, [[President of Zambia|president]] (2015–2021), [[Ministry of Defence (Zambia)|minister of defence]] (2013–2015) and [[National Assembly of Zambia|MLA]] (2011–2015), complications from surgery.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cn4gp07y3xmo Former Zambian President Lungu dies aged 68]</ref> ===4=== *[[Nicole Croisille]], 88, French singer and actress (''[[Erotissimo]]'', ''[[Les Uns et les Autres]]'', ''[[There Were Days... and Moons]]'').<ref>[https://www.franceinfo.fr/culture/la-chanteuse-nicole-croisille-est-morte-a-l-age-de-88-ans_7290819.html La chanteuse Nicole Croisille est morte à l'âge de 88 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Pietro Ghislandi]], 68, Italian actor (''[[È arrivato mio fratello]]'', ''[[The Invisible Wall (1991 movie)|The Invisible Wall]]'', ''[[Vajont (movie)|Vajont]]'') and ventriloquist.<ref>[https://www.ilmattino.it/en/remembering_pietro_ghislandi-8877593.html Remembering Pietro Ghislandi]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Philippe Labro]], 88, French film director (''[[Without Apparent Motive]]'', ''[[The Inheritor]]'', ''[[L'Alpagueur]]''), writer, and journalist, cancer.<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2025/06/04/philippe-labro-journaliste-et-ecrivain-est-mort-a-l-age-88-ans_6610450_3246.html Philippe Labro, journaliste et écrivain, est mort à l’âge 88 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Enzo Staiola]], 85, Italian child actor (''[[Bicycle Thieves]]'', ''[[The White Line (1950 movie)|The White Line]]'', ''[[Buon viaggio pover'uomo]]'').<ref>[https://www.repubblica.it/spettacoli/cinema/2025/06/04/news/morto_enzo_staiola_bambino_de_sica_ladri_di_biciclette-424648670/ Morto Enzo Staiola, il bambino scelto da Vittorio De Sica per “Ladri di Biciclette”] {{in lang|it}}</ref> ===3=== *[[Samiha Ayoub]], 93, Egyptian actress (''[[Among the Ruins]]'').<ref>[https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/140546/Legendary-Egyptian-Actress-Samiha-Ayoub-Passes-Away-at-93 Legendary Egyptian Actress Samiha Ayoub Passes Away at 93]</ref> ===2=== *[[Birgit Carlstén]], 75, Swedish singer and actress (''[[The Sacrifice (1986 movie)|The Sacrifice]]'').<ref>[https://swedenherald.com/article/actress-and-director-birgit-carlstn-dies-at-75 Actress and Director Birgit Carlstén Passes Away at 75]</ref> *[[Pierre Nora]], 93, French historian.<ref>https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2025/06/02/l-historien-pierre-nora-est-mort_6610257_3382.html?lmd_medium=al&lmd_campaign=envoye-par-appli&lmd_creation=android&lmd_source=default</ref> ===1=== *[[Jonathan Joss]], 59, American actor (''[[King of the Hill]]'', ''[[Parks and Recreation]]'', ''[[The Magnificent Seven (2016 movie)|The Magnificent Seven]]''), shot.<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/tv/obituaries-people-news/jonathan-joss-dead-king-of-the-hill-shooting-1236415703/ Jonathan Joss, ‘King of the Hill’ Actor Who Voiced John Redcorn, Dies in Shooting at 59]</ref> *[[Ilselil Larsen]], 90, Danish actress (''[[Det gælder os alle]]'', ''[[The Child (1940 movie)|The Child]]'', ''[[Love Wins Out]]'').<ref>[https://ekstrabladet.dk/underholdning/dkkendte/tidligere-skuespiller-ilselil-larsen-er-doed/10841736 Tidligere skuespiller Ilselil Larsen er død] {{in lang|da}}</ref> *[[Monica Nielsen]], 87, Swedish actress (''[[Varuhuset]]'', ''[[The Princess (1966 movie)|The Princess]]'', ''[[The Girl in the Rain (1955 movie)|The Girl in the Rain]]'').<ref>[https://www.expressen.se/noje/skadespelaren-monica-nielsen-ar-dod/ Skådespelaren Monica Nielsen är död] {{in lang|sv}}</ref> ==May== ===31=== *[[Robert Anderson (New Zealand cricketer)|Robert Anderson]], 76, New Zealand cricketer ([[Otago cricket team|Otago]], [[Central Districts cricket team|Central Districts]], [[New Zealand national football team|national team]]).<ref>[https://www.cdcricket.co.nz/newsarticle/154035/ Vale, Robert 'Jumbo' Anderson]</ref> ===30=== *[[Étienne-Émile Baulieu]], 98, French scientist.<ref>https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2025/05/30/etienne-emile-baulieu-pere-de-la-pilule-abortive-est-mort-a-l-age-de-98-ans_6609348_3382.html?lmd_medium=al&lmd_campaign=envoye-par-appli&lmd_creation=android&lmd_source=default</ref> *[[Prentis Hancock]], 83, British actor (''[[Space: 1999]]'', ''[[Doctor Who]]'').<ref>[https://www.doctorwhonews.net/2025/06/prentis_hancock_1942_2025.html Prentis Hancock 1942-2025]</ref> *[[Loretta Swit]], 87, American actress.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c20qzlxz1w0o</ref> ===29=== *[[David Trist]], 77, New Zealand cricketer ([[Canterbury cricket team|Canterbury]]) and cricket coach ([[Eastern Province (cricket team)|Eastern Province]], [[New Zealand national cricket team|national team]]).<ref>[https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/sport/562651/former-black-caps-coach-david-trist-dies Former Black Caps coach David Trist dies]</ref> ===28=== ===27=== *[[Choi Jung-woo]], 68, South Korean actor (''[[Like a Virgin (movie)|Like a Virgin]]'', ''[[City Hunter (TV series)|City Hunter]]'', ''[[Doctor Stranger]]'').<ref>[https://www.koreaboo.com/news/city-hunter-doctor-stranger-actor-choi-jung-woo-passed-away/ “City Hunter” And “Doctor Stranger” Actor Choi Jung Woo Has Passed Away]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Vasily Funtikov]], 62, Russian actor (''[[Tuning Fork (movie)|Tuning Fork]]'', ''[[Presumption of Innocence (movie)|Presumption of Innocence]]'', ''[[The Sisters Liberty]]'').<ref>[https://www.rbc.ru/society/27/05/2025/6835ce8d9a7947fa3fe1ab4e Умер актер Василий Фунтиков, сыгравший роль Кроша] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> ===26=== *[[Monna Tandberg]], 85, Norwegian actress (''[[Victoria L]]'', ''[[Drømmeslottet]]'', ''[[Bryllupsfesten]]'').<ref>[https://www.vg.no/rampelys/i/0Vd6xo/monna-tandberg-er-doed Monna Tandberg er død] {{in lang|no}}</ref> *[[Marie Tomášová]], 96, Czech actress (''[[Anna Proletářka]]'', ''[[Jan Hus (1954 movie)|Jan Hus]]'', ''[[September Nights]]'').<ref>[https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/kultura-filmy-serialy-zemrela-herecka-marie-tomasova-40522628 Zemřela herečka Marie Tomášová] {{in lang|cs}}</ref> ===25=== ===24=== *[[Malini Fonseka]], 78, Sri Lankan actress (''[[Pilot Premnath]]'', ''[[Bambaru Avith]]'', ''[[Beddegama (movie)|Beddegama]]'') and politician, [[Member of Parliament (Sri Lanka)|MP]] (2010–2015).<ref>[https://adaderana.lk/news.php?nid=108815 ‘Queen of Sri Lankan Cinema’, Malini Fonseka passes away]</ref> *[[Piro Milkani]], 85, Albanian film director (''[[The Lady from the City]]'', ''[[The Sorrow of Mrs. Schneider]]''), [[People's Artist (Albania)|People's Artist of Albania]].<ref>[https://www.voxnews.al/english/aktualitet/kinematografia-shqiptare-ne-zi-ndahet-nga-jeta-regjisori-i-shquar-pir-i92654 Albanian cinematography in mourning, the prominent director Piro Milkani passes away]</ref> *[[Marcel Ophuls]], 97, French filmmaker (''[[The Sorrow and the Pity]]'', ''[[Hotel Terminus: The Life and Times of Klaus Barbie]]'').<ref>[https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20250526-oscar-winning-french-documentary-filmmaker-marcel-ophuls Oscar winning French documentary filmmaker Marcel Ophuls dies at 97]</ref> *[[Teresita Reyes]], 75, Chilean actress (''[[Sussi (movie)|Sussi]]'', ''[[The Toast (movie)|The Toast]]'', ''[[Santos (movie)|Santos]]''), cancer.<ref>[https://www.tvn.cl/noticias/actualidad/fallece-la-destacada-actriz-chilena-teresita-reyes Fallece la destacada actriz chilena Teresita Reyes a sus 75 años] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ===23=== *[[Mukul Dev]], 54, Indian actor (''[[Dastak (1996 movie)|Dastak]]'', ''[[Yamla Pagla Deewana]]'', ''[[Son of Sardaar]]'').<ref>[https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/actor-mukul-dev-passes-away-54/ Actor Mukul Dev passes away at 54]</ref> *[[Mohammed Lakhdar-Hamina]], 91, Algerian film director (''[[Chronicle of the Years of Fire]]'', ''[[Sandstorm (1982 movie)|Sandstorm]]'', ''[[The Last Image]]'') and screenwriter.<ref>[https://www.lefigaro.fr/culture/deces-du-producteur-algerien-mohamed-lakhdar-hamina-laureat-de-la-palme-d-or-en-1975-20250523 Décès du producteur algérien Mohamed Lakhdar Hamina, lauréat de la Palme d'or en 1975] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> ===22=== *[[Alfredo Palacio]], 86, Ecuadorian cardiologist and politician, [[President of Ecuador|president]] (2005–2007) and [[Vice President of Ecuador|vice president]] (2003–2005).<ref>[https://confirmado.net/fallecio-el-expresidente-alfredo-palacio-medico-y-exmandatario-ecuatoriano-a-los-86-anos/ Falleció el expresidente Alfredo Palacio, médico y exmandatario ecuatoriano, a los 86 años] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ===21=== ===20=== *[[Michael Roemer]], 97, American film director and screenwriter (''[[Nothing but a Man]]'', ''[[The Plot Against Harry]]'', ''[[Dying (1976 movie)|Dying]]'').<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/24/movies/michael-roemer-dead.html Michael Roemer, Maker of Acclaimed but Little-Seen Films, Dies at 97]</ref> *[[George Wendt]], 76, American actor (''[[Cheers]]'', ''[[Forever Young (1992 movie)|Forever Young]]'', "[[Bill Swerski's Superfans]]").<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/tv/obituaries-people-news/george-wendt-dead-cheers-1236404992/ George Wendt, Who Played Norm on ‘Cheers,’ Dies at 76]</ref> ===19=== *[[Aurora Clavel]], 88, Mexican actress (''[[Tarahumara (cada vez más lejos)|Tarahumara]]'', ''[[Once Upon a Scoundrel]]'', ''[[Mariana de la noche (Mexican TV series)|Mariana de la Noche]]'').<ref>[https://www.elimparcial.com/espectaculos/2025/05/19/muere-la-actriz-aurora-clavel-a-los-88-anos/ Muere la actriz Aurora Clavel a los 88 años] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Kathleen Hughes]], 96, American actress (''[[It Came from Outer Space]]'', ''[[The Glass Web]]'', ''[[The Golden Blade]]'').<ref>[https://extratv.com/2025/05/20/kathleen-hughes-scream-it-came-outer-space-obituary/ Kathleen Hughes, Iconic Scream Queen of 'It Came from Outer Space,' Dies at 96]</ref> ===18=== ===17=== *[[Gawn Grainger]], 87, Scottish actor (''[[Doctor Who]]'') and writer.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2025/may/20/actor-gawn-grainger-dies-aged-87-zoe-wanamaker Actor and writer Gawn Grainger dies aged 87]</ref> *[[Franco Merli]], 68, Italian actor (''[[Arabian Nights (1974 film)|Arabian Nights]]'', ''[[Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom]]'', ''[[Down and Dirty (movie)|Down and Dirty]]''). *[[Roger Nichols (songwriter)|Roger Nichols]], 84, American songwriter ("[[We've Only Just Begun]]", "[[Times of Your Life]]") and composer.<ref>[https://theseconddisc.com/2025/05/21/in-memoriam-roger-nichols-1940-2025/ In Memoriam: Roger Nichols (1940-2025)]</ref> *[[Zhu Yuanyuan]], 51, Chinese actress (''[[Ocean Heaven]]'', ''[[Lost in Hong Kong]]'', ''[[Sister (2021 movie)|Sister]]''), cancer.<ref>[https://www.guancha.cn/politics/2025_05_21_776616.shtml 演员朱媛媛去世，年仅51岁] {{in lang|zh}}</ref> ===16=== *[[Meta Velander]], 100, Swedish actress (''[[Honeymoon (1972 movie)|Honeymoon]]'', ''[[Dear Alice]]'', ''[[Marmalade Revolution]]'').<ref>[https://www.expressen.se/noje/film/skadespelaren-meta-velander-ar-dod--blev-100-ar/ Skådespelaren Meta Velander är död – blev 100 år] {{in lang|sv}}</ref> ===15=== *[[Kostas Lychnaras]], 86, Greek film director (''[[Christ Recrucified (TV series)|Christ Recrucified]]'', ''[[Konstantinou kai Elenis]]'', ''[[To kafe tis Charas]]'').<ref>[https://www.iefimerida.gr/politismos/pethane-o-skinothetis-kostas-lyhnaras Πέθανε σε ηλικία 86 ετών ο Κώστας Λυχναράς -Σκηνοθέτης των «Κωνσταντίνου και Ελένης» και «Το καφέ της Χαράς»] {{in lang|el}}</ref> ===14=== *[[Cornal Hendricks]], 37, South African rugby player ([[Bulls (rugby union)|Bulls]], [[Boland Cavaliers]], [[South Africa national rugby union team|national team]]), heart attack.<ref>[https://www.citizen.co.za/rekord/sports-news/local-sports/2025/05/14/shock-and-disbelief-in-rugby-community-after-sudden-death-of-cornal-hendricks/ Shock and disbelief in rugby community after sudden death of Cornal Hendricks]</ref> ===13=== *[[José Mujica]], 89, Uruguayan politician (president of Uruguay from 2010 to 2015), oesophagus cancer.<ref>https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2025/05/13/jose-pepe-mujica-ancien-president-de-l-uruguay-et-grande-voix-de-l-amerique-latine-est-mort_6605847_3382.html?lmd_medium=al&lmd_campaign=envoye-par-appli&lmd_creation=android&lmd_source=default</ref> *[[Leila Negra]], 95, German singer and actress (''[[Münchhausen (1943 movie)|Münchhausen]]'', ''[[The Star of Rio (1955 movie)|The Star of Rio]]'', ''[[Salto Mortale (1953 movie)|Salto Mortale]]'').<ref>[https://www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de/ueberlebende-der-ns-verfolgung-zum-tod-der-schwarzen-kuenstlerin-marie-nejar-100.html Schwarze Zeitzeugin der NS-Zeit ist tot] {{in lang|de}}</ref> ===12=== ===11=== *[[Robert Benton]], 92, American film director (''[[Kramer vs. Kramer]]'', ''[[Places in the Heart]]'') and screenwriter (''[[Bonnie and Clyde (movie)|Bonnie and Clyde]]''), [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] winner ([[52nd Academy Awards|1980]], [[57th Academy Awards|1985]]).<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2025/may/13/robert-benton-director-dead Robert Benton, Oscar-winning director of Kramer vs Kramer, dies aged 92]</ref> *[[John Edwards (singer)|John Edwards]], 80, American [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] singer ([[The Spinners]]).<ref>[https://soultracks.com/news-john-edwards-lead-singer-of-the-spinners-dies-at-80/ John Edwards, lead singer of the Spinners, dies at 80]</ref> *[[Arjun Menon (coach)|Arjun Menon]], 48, Singaporean cricket player ([[Singapore national cricket team|national team]]) and coach ([[Chile national cricket team|Chile]], [[Malawi national cricket team|Malawi]]).<ref>[https://www.straitstimes.com/sport/former-singapore-cricketer-and-coach-arjun-menon-dies-in-malawi Former Singapore cricketer and coach Arjun Menon dies in Malawi]</ref> ===10=== *[[Bob Cowper]], 84, Australian test cricketer.<ref>[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-05-11/australian-cricket-bob-cowper-dies-age-84/105279410 Australian Test cricketer Bob Cowper dies aged 84]</ref> *[[Larry Lee (musician, born 1947)|Larry Lee]], 78, American musician ([[The Ozark Mountain Daredevils]]) and songwriter ("[[Jackie Blue (song)|Jackie Blue]]").<ref>[https://www.gormanscharpf.com/obituary/larry-lee Larry Michael Lee]</ref> ===9=== *[[Fred Graham (sculptor)|Fred Graham]], 96, New Zealand rugby union player ([[Māori All Blacks|New Zealand Māori]]) and artist, [[Arts Foundation of New Zealand#Icon Award|AFNZ Icon]] (since 2018).<ref>[https://thebigidea.nz/stories/arts-icon-fred-graham-passes-away Arts Icon Fred Graham Passes Away]</ref> ===8=== *[[Jiří Bartoška]], 78, Czech actor (''[[Sekal Has to Die]]'', ''[[All My Loved Ones]]'', ''[[Angel of the Lord (movie)|Angel of the Lord]]''), president of the [[Karlovy Vary International Film Festival]].<ref>[https://english.radio.cz/actor-and-president-karlovy-vary-film-festival-jiri-bartoska-dies-78-8850508 Actor and president of Karlovy Vary Film Festival Jiří Bartoška dies at 78]</ref> *[[James Foley (director)|James Foley]], 71, American film director (''[[Glengarry Glen Ross (movie)|Glengarry Glen Ross]]'', ''[[Who's That Girl (1987 movie)|Who's That Girl]]'', ''[[Fifty Shades Darker (movie)|Fifty Shades Darker]]''), brain cancer.<ref>[https://www.thewrap.com/james-foley-dies-obit-fifty-shades-of-grey-sequels-director/ James Foley, Director of ‘Glengarry Glen Ross’ and ‘Fifty Shades of Grey’ Sequels, Dies at 71]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Josaia Raisuqe]], 30, Fijian rugby union footballer ([[Stade Français]], [[USON Nevers|Nevers]], [[Fiji national rugby sevens team|Fiji 7s]]), traffic collision.<ref>[https://www.rugbypass.com/news/fiji-international-josaia-raisuqe-dies-aged-30/ Fiji international Josaia Raisuqe dies aged 30]</ref> ===7=== *[[Cleopa Msuya]], 94, Tanzanian politician, [[Prime Minister of Tanzania|prime minister]] (1980–1983, 1994–1995) and [[Vice-President of Tanzania|first vice president]] (1990–1995), heart failure. ===6=== *[[Bill McCaw]], 97, New Zealand rugby player ([[Rugby Southland|Southland]], [[New Zealand national rugby union team|national team]]).<ref>[https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/360679739/bill-mccaw-who-was-oldest-living-all-black-dies-aged-97 Bill McCaw, who was the oldest living All Black, dies aged 97]</ref> ===5=== ===4=== *[[Aleftina Evdokimova]], 85, Russian actress (''[[Tender Age (1983 movie)|Tender Age]]'', ''[[Let the Charms Last Long]]'', ''[[Courier (movie)|Courier]]'').<ref>[https://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/6817348c9a7947da26c06c9c Умерла народная артистка Алефтина Евдокимова] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> ===3=== ===2=== *[[Ricky Davao]], 63, Filipino actor (''[[Ang Padrino]]'', ''[[Kung Aagawin Mo ang Lahat sa Akin (movie)|Kung Aagawin Mo ang Lahat sa Akin]]'') and television director (''[[!Oka Tokat]]'').<ref>[https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2025/05/02/2440022/viva-confirms-ricky-davao-dead-63 Viva confirms Ricky Davao dead, 63]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Jean-François Davy]], 79, French film director (''[[Bananes mécaniques]]'', ''[[Surprise Sock]]'') and producer.<ref>[https://www.francetvinfo.fr/culture/cinema/jean-francois-davy-realisateur-et-producteur-de-films-pornographiques-est-mort-a-l-age-de-79-ans_7224093.html Jean-François Davy, réalisateur et producteur de films pornographiques, est mort à l'âge de 79 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Bob Jones (businessman)|Sir Bob Jones]], 85, New Zealand property investor and politician.<ref>[https://www.odt.co.nz/star-news/star-national/high-profile-businessman-sir-bob-jones-dies High-profile businessman Sir Bob Jones dies]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Alessandro Quasimodo]], 82, Italian actor (''[[The Seventh Floor (1967 movie)|The Seventh Floor]]'', ''[[A Milanese Story]]''), theater director and poet.<ref>[https://www.ragusanews.com/attualita-milano-e-morto-alessandro-quasimodo-figlio-di-salvatore-206270 E' morto Alessandro Quasimodo] {{in lang|it}}</ref> ===1=== *[[Jill Sobule]], 66, American singer-songwriter ("[[I Kissed a Girl (Jill Sobule song)|I Kissed a Girl]]", "[[Supermodel (Jill Sobule song)|Supermodel]]"), house fire.<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/music/news/jill-sobule-i-kissed-a-girl-dead-1236384525/ Jill Sobule, Singer-Songwriter of Groundbreaking 1995 Song ‘I Kissed a Girl,’ Killed in House Fire]</ref> ==April== ===30=== *[[Park Hee-gon]], 56, South Korean film director (''[[Insadong Scandal]]'', ''[[Perfect Game (2011 movie)|Perfect Game]]'', ''[[Fengshui (2018 movie)|Fengshui]]'').<ref>[https://biz.chosun.com/en/en-entertainment/2025/04/30/GHB2VXUI3FB6FGLS2WIY4A5PIQ/ Director Park Hee-gon, acclaimed for 'Perfect Game,' dies at age 56]</ref> *[[Jules Wijdenbosch]], 83, Surinamese politician, [[List of prime ministers of Suriname|prime minister]] (1987–1988) and [[President of Suriname|president]] (1996–2000).<ref>[https://keynews.sr/voormalig-president-jules-wijdenbosch-overleden/ Voormalig president Jules Wijdenbosch overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> ===29=== ===28=== *[[Shaji N. Karun]], 73, Indian film director (''[[Piravi]]'', ''[[Swaham]]'', ''[[Vanaprastham]]'').<ref>[https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/04/28/shaji-n-karun-filmmaker-hat-trick-tryst-with-cannes-film-festival.html Shaji N Karun: A filmmaker's hat-trick tryst with Cannes]</ref> *[[Aleksey Krychenkov]], 83, Russian actor (''[[The Girls (1961 movie)|The Girls]]'', ''[[Director (1969 movie)|Director]]'').<ref>[https://teatrarmii.ru/news/UshelizzhiznizasluzhennyyartistRossiyskoyFederatsiiAlekseyFyedorovichKrychenkov/ Ушел из жизни заслуженный артист Российской Федерации Алексей Фёдорович Крыченков] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[Priscilla Pointer]], 100, American actress (''[[Carrie (1976 movie)|Carrie]]'', ''[[Mommie Dearest (movie)|Mommie Dearest]]'', ''[[Blue Velvet (movie)|Blue Velvet]]'').<ref>[https://playbill.com/article/actor-priscilla-pointer-has-died-at-100 Actor Priscilla Pointer Has Died at 100]</ref> ===27=== *[[Cora Sue Collins]], 98, American actress (''[[The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1938 movie)|The Adventures of Tom Sawyer]]'', ''[[Anna Karenina (1935 movie)|Anna Karenina]]'', ''[[The Unexpected Father]]''), complications from a stroke.<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/cora-sue-collins-dead-child-actress-mgm-1236202858/ Cora Sue Collins, Celebrated Child Actress at MGM in the 1930s, Dies at 98]</ref> ===26=== ===25=== *[[Philip Lowrie]], 88, English actor (''[[Coronation Street]]'', ''[[Victoria Wood (1989 TV series)|Victoria Wood]]'', [[Home Fires (British TV series)|''Home Fires'']]).<ref>[https://www.itv.com/news/2025-04-26/philip-lowrie-one-of-corries-original-stars-dies-aged-88-publicist-says Philip Lowrie, one of Coronation Street’s original stars, dies aged 88, publicist says]</ref> *[[Lupita Torrentera]], 93, Mexican actress (''[[Historia de un gran amor]]'', ''[[Coqueta (1949 movie)|Coqueta]]'').<ref>[https://www.latintimes.com/legendary-mexican-actress-pedro-infante-girlfriend-lupita-torrentera-dead-93-581763 Legendary Mexican Actress and Pedro Infante Girlfriend Lupita Torrentera Dead at 93]</ref> ===24=== *[[Steve Kiner]], 77, American [[College Football Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] football player ([[Dallas Cowboys]], [[New England Patriots]], [[Houston Oilers]]).<ref>[https://www.nbcsports.com/nfl/profootballtalk/rumor-mill/news/former-cowboys-patriots-oilers-lb-steve-kiner-dies-at-77 Former Cowboys, Patriots, Oilers LB Steve Kiner dies at 77]</ref> *[[Roy Phillips]], 83, British musician ([[The Peddlers]]).<ref>[https://www.audioculture.co.nz/profile/roy-phillips Roy Phillips]</ref> ===23=== *[[Eugène Koffi Adoboli]], 90, Togolese politician, [[List of prime ministers of Togo|prime minister]] (1999–2000).<ref>[https://www.republicoftogo.com/toutes-les-rubriques/politique/eugene-koffi-adoboli-est-decede Eugène Koffi Adoboli est décédé] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Chris Cauwenberghs]], 78, Belgian actor (''[[Hector (1987 movie)|Hector]]'', ''[[Koko Flanel]]'', ''[[Thuis]]''), complications from heart failure.<ref>[https://www.hln.be/showbizz/acteur-chris-cauwenberghs-78-bekend-als-kabouter-lui-overleden-hij-bracht-generaties-kinderen-vreugde~a3bd7cee/ Acteur Chris Cauwenberghs (78), bekend als Kabouter Lui, overleden: “Hij bracht generaties kinderen vreugde”] {{in lang|NL-be}}</ref> *[[Waltraut Haas]], 97, Austrian actress (''[[Der Hofrat Geiger]]'', ''[[Mariandl]]'', ''[[The White Horse Inn (1960 movie)|The White Horse Inn]]'').<ref>[https://wien.orf.at/stories/3302345/ Waltraut Haas verstorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Fouad Mebazaa]], 91, Tunisian politician, [[Speaker of the Assembly of the Representatives of the People|speaker of the Chamber of Deputies]] (1997–2011) and acting [[President of Tunisia|president]] (2011).<ref>[https://lapresse.tn/2025/04/23/tunisie-deces-de-fouad-mebazaa/ Tunisie: Décès de Fouad Mebazaa] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Keith Stackpole]], 84, Australian cricketer ([[Victoria cricket team|Victoria]]).<ref>[https://www.3aw.com.au/jon-anderson-breaks-the-sad-news-of-former-cricketer-keith-stackpoles-death/ Jon Anderson breaks the sad news of former cricketer Keith Stackpole’s death]</ref> (death announced on this date) ===22=== *[[Erik Ruus]], 62, Estonian actor (''[[The Birdwatcher]]'', ''[[Firewater (movie)|Firewater]]'', ''[[All My Lenins]]'').<ref>[https://virumaateataja.postimees.ee/8234889/lahkunud-on-rakvere-teatri-kauaaegne-naitleja-erik-ruus Lahkunud on Rakvere teatri kauaaegne näitleja Erik Ruus] {{in lang|et}}</ref> ===21=== *[[Pope Francis]], 88, head of the Catholic church, stroke and heart failure.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/live/crknlnzlrzdt</ref> *[[Johanna Matz]], 92, Austrian actress (''[[Hannerl]]'', ''[[Die Jungfrau auf dem Dach]]'', ''[[The White Horse Inn (1952 movie)|The White Horse Inn]]'').<ref>[https://apa.at/news/schauspielerin-johanna-matz-92-jaehrig-gestorben/ Schauspielerin Johanna Matz 92-jährig gestorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> ===20=== *[[Kimble Rendall]], 67–68, Australian musician ([[XL Capris]], [[Hoodoo Gurus]]) and film director (''[[Guardians of the Tomb]]'').<ref>[https://www.noise11.com/news/hoodoo-gurus-founding-member-kimble-rendall-has-passed-away-20250421 Hoodoo Gurus Founding Member Kimble Rendall Has Passed Away]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Noreen Young]], 85, Canadian puppeteer (''[[Under the Umbrella Tree]]'', ''[[Sesame Park]]''), stroke.<ref>[https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/renowned-canadian-puppeteer-noreen-young-dies-at-85-1.7513889 Renowned Canadian puppeteer Noreen Young dies at 85]</ref> (death announced on this date) ===19=== ===18=== *[[Rudolf Pankov]], 87, Russian actor (''[[Michman Panin]]'', ''[[Blasted Hell]]'', ''[[Talents and Admirers (movie)|Talents and Admirers]]'') and voice actor.<ref>[https://tass.ru/kultura/23722353 Умер актер дубляжа Рудольф Панков] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[Clodagh Rodgers]], 78, Irish singer ("[[Come Back and Shake Me]]", "[[Jack in the Box (song)|Jack in the Box]]").<ref>[https://www.oe24.at/leute/eurovision-legende-clodagh-rodgers-ist-gestorben/630716897 Eurovision-Legende Clodagh Rodgers ist gestorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Julieta Szönyi]], 75, Romanian actress (''[[Felix și Otilia]]'', ''[[Toate pînzele sus]]'').<ref>[https://historia.ro/sectiune/actualitate/adnana-din-toate-panzele-sus-a-murit-actrita-2437362.html Adnana din „Toate pânzele sus” a murit. Actrița Julieta Szönyi avea 75 de ani] {{in lang|ro}}</ref> ===17=== *[[Roger McLachlan]], 71, New Zealand-born Australian bass guitarist ([[Little River Band]]), pancreatic cancer.<ref>[https://www.noise11.com/news/little-river-band-co-founder-roger-mclachlan-dies-at-age-71-20250417 Little River Band Co-Founder Roger McLachlan Dies At Age 71]</ref> (death announced on this date) ===16=== *[[Patrick Adiarte]], 81, Filipino-American actor (''[[The King and I (1956 movie)|The King and I]]'', ''[[High Time (movie)|High Time]]'', ''[[Flower Drum Song (movie)|Flower Drum Song]]'').<ref>[https://extratv.com/2025/04/16/patrick-adiarte-dancer-king-flower-drum-song-obituary/ Patrick Adiarte, Legendary 'The King and I' Dancer & 'Brady Bunch' Guest, Dies at 81]</ref> *[[Nora Aunor]], 71, Filipino actress (''[[Tatlong Taong Walang Diyos]]'', ''[[Trap (2015 movie)|Trap]]'', ''[[Hustisya]]'') and singer.<ref>[https://www.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/showbiz/celebrities/2025/4/16/nora-aunor-superstar-of-philippine-cinema-passes-away-2329 Nora Aunor, superstar of Philippine cinema, passes away]</ref> *[[Vladimir Gerasimov (actor)|Vladimir Gerasimov]], 74, Russian actor (''[[Car, Violin and Blot the Dog]]'', ''[[One-Two, Soldiers Were Going...]]'', ''[[Tailcoat for Scapegrace]]'').<ref>[https://www.championat.com/cybersport/news-5977082-umer-aktyor-dublyazha-vladimir-gerasimov-golos-bryusa-uillisa-i-dzhona-travolty.html Умер актёр дубляжа Владимир Герасимов, голос Брюса Уиллиса и Джона Траволты] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> (death announced on this date) ===15=== *[[Jadwiga Jankowska-Cieślak]], 74, Polish actress (''[[Another Way (1982 movie)|Another Way]]'', ''[[Scratch (2008 movie)|Scratch]]'', ''[[Tatarak]]'').<ref>[https://www.trojmiasto.pl/wiadomosci/Nie-zyje-pochodzaca-z-Gdanska-Jadwiga-Jankowska-Cieslak-n201732.html Nie żyje pochodząca z Gdańska Jadwiga Jankowska-Cieślak] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> *[[Shūhei Kishimoto]], 68, Japanese politician, [[House of Representatives (Japan)|MP]] (2009–2022) and governor of [[Wakayama Prefecture]] (since 2022), septic shock.<ref>[https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20250415/k10014779591000.html 和歌山県 岸本周平知事が死去 68歳] {{in lang|ja}}</ref> *[[Wink Martindale]], 91, American disc jockey, game show host (''[[Gambit (game show)|Gambit]]'', ''[[Tic-Tac-Dough]]'') and singer ("[[The Deck of Cards#Cover versions|Deck of Cards]]"), lymphoma.<ref>[https://deadline.com/2025/04/wink-martindale-dead-1236369288/ Wink Martindale Dies: Game Show Host Of ‘Tic-Tac-Dough’, ‘Gambit’ And ‘High Rollers’ Was 91]</ref> *[[S. S. Stanley]], 57, Indian film director (''[[April Maadhathil]]'', ''[[Pudhukottaiyilirundhu Saravanan]]'', ''[[Kizhakku Kadarkarai Salai]]'') and actor.<ref>[https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=1517469 Popular Tamil film director SS Stanley passes away at 57]</ref> ===14=== *[[Abdullah Ahmad Badawi]], 85, Malaysian politician, [[Prime Minister of Malaysia|prime minister]] (2003–2009), [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Malaysia)|minister of foreign affairs]] (1991–1999), and [[Dewan Rakyat|MP]] (1978–2013), heart disease.<ref>[https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2025/04/14/former-pm-abdullah-ahmad-badawi-passes-away Former PM Abdullah Ahmad Badawi passes away]</ref> ===13=== *[[Mario Vargas Llosa]], 89, Peruvian writer, and holder of the Nobel Prize for Literature.<ref>[https://elpais.com/cultura/2025-04-14/muere-mario-vargas-llosa-gigante-de-las-letras-universales.html Muere Mario Vargas Llosa, gigante de las letras universales] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Bank Janardhan]], 74, Indian actor (''[[Tharle Nan Maga]]'', ''[[Shhh! (movie)|Shhh!]]'', ''[[News (movie)|News]]'') and comedian.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/veteran-kannada-actor-bank-janardhan-passes-away-at-74-after-prolonged-illness/articleshow/120270402.cms Veteran Kannada actor Bank Janardhan passes away at 74 after prolonged illness]</ref> *[[Jean Marsh]], 90, British actress (''[[Upstairs, Downstairs (1971 TV series)|Upstairs, Downstairs]]'', ''[[Doctor Who]]'', ''[[Willow (1988 movie)|Willow]]'') and television writer, [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series|Emmy]] winner ([[27th Primetime Emmy Awards|1975]]), complications from dementia.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c045dk29xqqo Upstairs Downstairs actress Jean Marsh dies age 90]</ref> ===12=== *[[Pilita Corrales]], 85, Filipino singer and actress (''[[Mars Ravelo's Darna! Ang Pagbabalik]]'', ''[[Bride for Rent]]'', ''[[My Illegal Wife]]'').<ref>[https://www.thestar.com.my/aseanplus/aseanplus-news/2025/04/12/pilita-corrales-asian-queen-of-songs-dies-at-85 Pilita Corrales, Asian Queen of Songs, dies at 85]</ref> ===11=== *[[Nino Bellomo]], 102, Italian actor (''[[Blues metropolitano]]'', ''[[Law of Courage]]'') and journalist.<ref>[https://www.grandangoloagrigento.it/agrigento-notizie/e-morto-nino-bellomo E’ morto Nino Bellomo, il figlio Francesco: “oggi il mondo mi sembra più silenzioso”] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Mike Berry (singer)|Mike Berry]], 82, English singer ("[[The Sunshine of Your Smile]]") and actor (''[[Are You Being Served?]]'', ''[[Worzel Gummidge (TV series)|Worzel Gummidge]]'').<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/mike-berry-death-are-you-being-served-b2731574.html Mike Berry death: Singer and last surviving Are You Being Served? star dies, aged 82]</ref> *[[Max Romeo]], 80, Jamaican reggae musician ("[[Wet Dream (Max Romeo song)|Wet Dream]]", "[[Chase the Devil]]").<ref>[https://www.dancehallmag.com/2025/04/11/news/reggae-legend-max-romeo-dead-at-80.html Reggae Legend Max Romeo Dead At 80]</ref> ===10=== *[[Leo Beenhakker]], 82, Dutch football manager ([[AFC Ajax|Ajax]], [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]], [[Netherlands national football team|national team]]).<ref>[https://nos.nl/artikel/2563112-oud-toptrainer-leo-beenhakker-op-82-jarige-leeftijd-overleden Oud-toptrainer Leo Beenhakker op 82-jarige leeftijd overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Ted Kotcheff]], 94, Canadian film director (''[[First Blood]]'', ''[[Weekend at Bernie's]]''). *[[Ku Feng]], 94, Hong Kong actor (''[[The Love Eterne]]'', ''[[Between Tears and Laughter]]'', ''[[Come Drink with Me]]'').<ref>[https://www.dimsumdaily.hk/veteran-hong-kong-actor-ku-feng-passes-away-at-94/ Veteran Hong Kong actor Ku Feng passes away at 94]</ref> *[[Mario Ernesto Sánchez]], 78, Cuban actor (''[[Miami Vice (movie)|Miami Vice]]'', ''[[The Truman Show]]'', ''[[The Specialist]]'') and businessman, founder and director of [[Teatro Avante]].<ref>[https://www.diariolasamericas.com/cultura/fallece-director-teatro-avante-mario-ernesto-sanchez-n5374198 Fallece director de Teatro Avante, Mario Ernesto Sánchez] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ===9=== *[[Mel Novak]], 90, American actor (''[[Game of Death]]'', ''[[Black Belt Jones]]'', ''[[An Eye for an Eye (1981 movie)|An Eye for an Eye]]'').<ref>[https://www.tmz.com/2025/04/09/mel-novak-dead/?adid=social-fb Mel Novak Dead at 90]</ref> ===8=== *Notable [[Dominican Republic|Dominicans]] killed in the [[Jet Set nightclub roof collapse]]: **[[Tony Blanco]], 44, baseball player ([[Chunichi Dragons]], [[Yokohama DeNA BayStars]], [[Orix Buffaloes]])<ref>[https://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/44591287/ex-mlb-pitcher-octavio-dotel-dies-nightclub-roof-collapse Ex-MLB players Octavio Dotel, Tony Blanco die in nightclub tragedy]</ref> **[[Nelsy Cruz]], 41, politician, governor of [[Monte Cristi Province]] (since 2020)<ref>[https://listindiario.com/la-republica/20250408/nelsy-cruz-gobernadora-monte-cristi-fallecida-tragedia-jet-set_852856.html ¿Quién era Nelsy Cruz, la gobernadora de Monte Cristi fallecida en la tragedia del Jet Set?] {{in lang|es}}</ref> **[[Octavio Dotel]], 51, baseball player ([[Houston Astros]], [[St. Louis Cardinals]], [[New York Mets]])<ref>[https://www.newsweek.com/sports/mlb/former-mlb-pitcher-dies-following-dominican-night-club-collapse-reports-2057034 Former MLB Pitcher Dies Following Dominican Night Club Collapse: Reports]</ref> **[[Rubby Pérez]], 69, [[Merengue music|merengue]] singer<ref>[https://elnacional.com.do/rubby-perez-fallece-tragicamente-por-derrumbe/ Luto en la música: el merenguero Rubby Pérez muere tras colapso en Jet Set] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ===7=== ===6=== *[[Clem Burke]], 70, American [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] drummer ([[Blondie (band)|Blondie]]), cancer.<ref>[https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/clem-burke-blondie-drummer-dead-obituary-1235311703/ Drummer Clem Burke, the 'Heartbeat of Blondie,' Dead at 70]</ref> *[[Jay North]], 73, American actor (''[[Dennis the Menace (1959 TV series)|Dennis the Menace]]'', ''[[Maya (1966 movie)|Maya]]'', ''[[Arabian Knights]]''), colorectal cancer.<ref>[https://extratv.com/2025/04/06/jay-north-tvs-dennis-the-menace-dies-at-73/ Jay North, TV's Dennis the Menace, Dies at 73]</ref> ===5=== *[[Antonello Fassari]], 72, Italian actor (''[[Romanzo Criminale]]'', ''[[The Goodbye Kiss (movie)|The Goodbye Kiss]]'', ''[[Suburra (movie)|Suburra]]'') and comedian.<ref>[https://www.repubblica.it/spettacoli/people/2025/04/05/news/antonello_fassari_morto_attore_cesaroni72_anni-424109342/?ref=RHLF-BG-P1-S1-T1 Morto Antonello Fassari, attore di “Avanzi” e “Cesaroni”] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Raymond Hawthorne]], 88, New Zealand theatre director.<ref>[https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/557343/renowned-actor-and-theatre-director-raymond-hawthorne-dies-aged-88 Renowned actor and theatre director Raymond Hawthorne dies aged 88]</ref> ===4=== *[[Manoj Kumar]], 87, Indian actor (''[[Kranti]]'', ''[[Upkar]]'', ''[[Roti Kapada Aur Makaan]]'').<ref>[https://www.news9live.com/entertainment/celebrity/manoj-kumar-death-news-manoj-kumar-passes-away-at-age-of-87-2836703 Legendary actor Manoj Kumar passes away at 87 in Mumbai, says report]</ref> *[[Ravikumar (actor)|Ravikumar]], 71, Indian actor (''[[Ullasa Yaathra]]'', ''[[Aanandham Paramaanandham]]'', ''[[Ee Manohara Theeram]]'').<ref>[https://news24online.com/entertainment/veteran-tamil-and-malayalam-actor-ravi-kumar-menon-passes-away/520846/ Veteran Tamil And Malayalam Actor Ravi Kumar Menon Passes Away]</ref> ===3=== *[[Andreas, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]], 82, German landowner and nobleman, head of the [[House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] (since 1998).<ref>[https://www.fraenkischertag.de/lokales/stadt-coburg/politik/coburg-prinz-andreas-ist-tot-art-435597 Der „Chef des Hauses“ Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha ist tot] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Gordon Faith]], 94, British actor (''[[Doctor Who]]'', ''[[Adam Adamant Lives!]]'', ''[[War and Peace (1972 TV series)|War & Peace]]'').<ref>[https://www.gordonfaith.com/ Gordon Faith 1931-2025]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Farooq Hamid]], 80, Pakistani cricketer ([[Lahore cricket teams|Lahore]], [[Pakistan International Airlines cricket team|PIA]], [[Pakistan national cricket team|national team]]).<ref>[https://www.pcb.com.pk/press-release-detail/former-test-cricketer-farooq-hameed-passes-away.html Former Test cricketer Farooq Hameed passes away]</ref> *[[John Saint Ryan]], 72, English actor (''[[Coronation Street]]'', ''[[Roar (1997 TV series)|Roar]]'', ''[[Squanto: A Warrior's Tale]]'') and equestrian, heart attack.<ref>[https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/uk-news/ex-coronation-street-star-john-31366059 Ex-Coronation Street star John St Ryan dies suddenly]</ref> ===2=== *[[Khamtai Siphandone]], 101, Laotian politician, [[President of Laos|president]] (1998–2006), [[Prime Minister of Laos|prime minister]] (1991–1998), and [[General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party|chairman of the Revolutionary Party]] (1992–2006).<ref>[https://laotiantimes.com/2025/04/02/former-president-khamtai-siphandone-passes-away-at-101/ Former President Khamtai Siphandone Passes Away at 101]</ref> *[[Alois Švehlík]], 85, Czech actor (''[[Forbidden Dreams]]'', ''[[Alois Nebel]]'', ''[[On the Roof (2019 movie)|On the Roof]]'') and theater pedagogue.<ref>[https://english.radio.cz/actor-and-dubbing-artist-alois-svehlik-died-aged-85-8847299 Actor and dubbing artist Alois Švehlík died, aged 85]</ref> ===1=== *[[Val Kilmer]], 65, American actor (''[[The Doors (movie)|The Doors]]'', ''[[Tombstone (movie)|Tombstone]]'', ''[[Batman Forever]]''), pneumonia.<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/val-kilmer-dead-top-gun-doors-tombstone-batman-actor-1236178966/ Val Kilmer, Actor Renowned for Receding Into His Roles, Dies at 65]</ref> *[[Johnny Tillotson]], 86, American singer-songwriter ("[[Poetry in Motion (song)|Poetry in Motion]]", "[[It Keeps Right On a-Hurtin' (song)|It Keeps Right On a-Hurtin']]", "[[Without You (Johnny Tillotson song)|Without You]]"), complications from Parkinson's disease.<ref>[https://www.tmz.com/2025/04/02/singer-johnny-tillotson-dead/ Singer Johnny Tillotson Dead at 86]</ref> ==March== ===31=== *[[Sian Barbara Allen]], 78, American actress (''[[Scream, Pretty Peggy]]'', ''[[The Lindbergh Kidnapping Case]]'', ''[[You'll Like My Mother]]''), complications from Alzheimer's disease.<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/film/news/sian-barbara-allen-dead-scream-pretty-peggy-1236352951/ Sian Barbara Allen, Actor in ‘Scream, Pretty Peggy’ and ‘You’ll Like My Mother,’ Dies at 78]</ref> *[[Yves Boisset]], 86, French film director (''[[L'Attentat]]'', ''[[The Common Man (movie)|The Common Man]]'', ''[[Le Juge Fayard dit Le Shériff]]'') and screenwriter.<ref>[https://www.tf1info.fr/culture/mort-yves-boisset-realisateur-des-films-dupont-lajoie-l-attentat-est-decede-a-l-age-de-86-ans-2362379.html Le réalisateur Yves Boisset ("Dupont Lajoie", "L'Attentat) est mort à l'âge de 86 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> ===30=== *[[Lee Montague]], 97, English actor (''[[The Camp on Blood Island]]'', ''[[Deadlier Than the Male]]'', ''[[Jesus of Nazareth (TV series)|Jesus of Nazareth]]'').<ref>[http://keatscommunitylibrary.org.uk/Lee-Montague-1927-2025.shtml Lee Montague 1927-2025]</ref> (death announced on this date) ===29=== *[[Richard Chamberlain]], 90, American actor (''[[Dr. Kildare (TV series)|Dr. Kildare]]'', ''[[The Thorn Birds (miniseries)|The Thorn Birds]]'', ''[[Shōgun (1980 miniseries)|Shōgun]]''), complications from a stroke.<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/film/news/richard-chamberlain-dead-dies-shogun-thorn-birds-1236351970/ Richard Chamberlain, TV’s Dr. Kildare, ‘Shogun,’ ‘Thorn Birds’ Star, Dies at 90]</ref> *[[Ángel del Pozo]], 90, Spanish actor (''[[Horror Express]]'', ''[[The Big Gundown]]'', ''[[Treasure Island (1972 movie)|Treasure Island]]'').<ref>[https://www.larazon.es/cultura/cine/muere-90-anos-actor-angel-pozo-caras-spaghetti-western/20250329/1169792.html Muere a los 90 años el actor Ángel del Pozo, una de las caras del 'Spaghetti Western'] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ===28=== *[[Hamza Feghouli]], 86, Algerian actor (''[[Le Clandestin]]'').<ref>[https://news.radioalgerie.dz/fr/node/62186 L'artiste Hamza Feghouli tire sa révérence à l'âge de 86 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> ===27=== *[[Peter Lever]], 84, English cricketer ([[Lancashire County Cricket Club|Lancashire]], [[Tasmania cricket team|Tasmania]], [[England cricket team|national team]]).<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/articles/c8d4v5vzzjyo Former Lancashire and England bowler Lever dies]</ref> (death announced on this date) ===26=== ===25=== *[[Manoj Bharathiraja]], 48, Indian actor (''[[Samudhiram]]'', ''[[Kadal Pookkal]]'') and film director (''[[Margazhi Thingal]]''), heart attack.<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/manoj-bharathiraja-dies-at-48-chennai-2698999-2025-03-25 Tamil actor-director Manoj Bharathiraja dies at 48 in Chennai]</ref> *[[Shihan Hussaini]], 60, Indian actor (''[[Punnagai Mannan]]'', ''[[Velaikkaran (1987 movie)|Velaikkaran]]'', ''[[Unnai Solli Kutramillai]]'') and karate practitioner, leukemia.<ref>[https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/actor-martial-artist-shihan-hussaini-passes-away-in-chennai-he-was-60 Actor, martial artist Shihan Hussaini passes away in Chennai, he was 60]</ref> *[[Masahiro Shinoda]], 94, Japanese film director (''[[Demon Pond (1979 movie)|Demon Pond]]'', ''[[Owls' Castle]]'', ''[[Double Suicide (1969 movie)|Double Suicide]]'') and screenwriter.<ref>[https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20250327/k10014762391000.html 映画監督 篠田正浩さん死去94歳「瀬戸内少年野球団」など] {{in lang|ja}}</ref> *[[François Trucy]], 93, French politician, mayor of [[Toulon]] (1985–1995), [[Senate (France)|senator]] (1986–2014).<ref>[https://www.varmatin.com/politique/l-ancien-maire-de-toulon-francois-trucy-est-mort-a-l-age-de-93-ans-979418 L’ancien maire de Toulon François Trucy est mort à l’âge de 93 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> ===24=== ===23=== *[[Gianfranco Barra]], 84, Italian actor (''[[Banana Joe (movie)|Banana Joe]]'', ''[[I nuovi mostri]]'', ''[[Double Murder]]'').<ref>[https://www.adnkronos.com/spettacoli/gianfranco-barra-morto-attore-caratterista-bud-spencer-sordi-tognazzi-vanzina_3G3Gs0Apsgh9hJM7dy3lYE Addio a Gianfranco Barra, caratterista per grandi registi: aveva 84 anni] {{in lang|it}}</ref> ===22=== *[[Filiz Akın]], 82, Turkish actress (''[[Birds of Exile]]'', ''[[Tatlı Dillim]]'', ''[[Karateci Kız]]'').<ref>[https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/kultur/usta-oyuncu-filiz-akin-vefat-etti/3517309 Usta oyuncu Filiz Akın vefat etti] {{in lang|tr}}</ref> *[[Larisa Golubkina]], 85, Russian actress (''[[Hussar Ballad]]'', ''[[Give Me a Book of Complaints]]'', ''[[The Tale of Tsar Saltan (1966 movie)|The Tale of Tsar Saltan]]'').<ref>[https://www.starhit.ru/novosti/umerla-larisa-golubkina-6273694/ Умерла Лариса Голубкина] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[Rolf Schimpf]], 100, German actor (''[[Smuglere]]'', ''[[Mensch Bachmann]]'', ''[[Der Alte (television series)|Der Alte]]'').<ref>[https://www.br.de/nachrichten/kultur/bekannt-aus-der-krimiserie-der-alte-schauspieler-rolf-schimpf-mit-100-jahren-gestorben,UgBfWDy Schauspieler Rolf Schimpf mit 100 Jahren gestorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Alex Wyllie]], 80, New Zealand rugby union player and coach ([[New Zealand national rugby union team|national team]]).<ref>[https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/sport/545728/former-all-black-and-coach-alex-grizz-wyllie-dies Former All Black and coach Alex ‘Grizz’ Wyllie dies]</ref> ===21=== *[[George Foreman]], 76, American boxer, Olympic champion ([[Boxing at the 1968 Summer Olympics|1968]]) and entrepreneur ([[George Foreman Grill]]).<ref>[https://www.tmz.com/2025/03/21/george-foreman-dead/ Boxing Legend George Foreman Dead at 76]</ref> *[[Štefan Kvietik]], 90, Slovak actor (''[[The Boxer and Death]]'', ''[[The Millennial Bee]]'', ''[[Sitting on a Branch, Enjoying Myself]]'') and academic.<ref>[https://www.teraz.sk/kultura/tragicka-sprava-zomrel-znamy-slovens/865549-clanok.html Smutná správa: Zomrel známy slovenský herec Štefan Kvietik] {{in lang|sk}}</ref> ===20=== *[[Vitold Fokin]], 92, Ukrainian politician, [[Prime Minister of Ukraine|prime minister]] (1990–1992).<ref>[https://espreso.tv/suspilstvo-pershiy-premer-ministr-ukraini-vitold-fokin-pomer-u-vitsi-92-rokiv Перший прем'єр-міністр України Вітольд Фокін помер у віці 92 років] {{in lang|uk}}</ref> *[[Eddie Jordan]], 76, Irish [[Formula One]] team owner ([[Jordan Grand Prix]]) and television presenter (''[[Top Gear (2002 TV series)|Top Gear]]''), prostate and bladder cancer.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/articles/cq8y1335qlwo Former F1 boss and TV pundit Jordan dies aged 76]</ref> *[[Norm Clarke]], Las Vegas celebrity columnist and former AP sports writer, dies at 82. <ref>[https://emeatribune.com/norm-clarke-a-las-vegas-celebrity-columnist-and-former-ap-sports-writer-dies-at-82/ Las Vegas celebrity columnist and former AP sports writer, dies at 82]{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ===19=== *[[Don Wesely]], 70, American politician, [[List of mayors of Lincoln, Nebraska|mayor of Lincoln]] (1999–2003) and member of the [[Nebraska Legislature]] (1979–1999).<ref>[https://klin.com/2025/03/19/former-lincoln-mayor-don-wesely-passes-away/ Former Lincoln State Senator, Mayor Don Wesely Passes Away]</ref> ===18=== *[[Antonio Gasalla]], 84, Argentine actor (''[[Waiting for the Hearse]]'', ''[[The Truce (1974 movie)|The Truce]]''), comedian, and theatre director.<ref>[https://www.pagina12.com.ar/811556-murio-antonio-gasalla Murió el actor y humorista Antonio Gasalla] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ===17=== *[[David Steven Cohen]], 58, American television writer (''[[Courage the Cowardly Dog]]'', ''[[Parker Lewis Can't Lose]]'') and screenwriter (''[[Balto (movie)|Balto]]''), cancer.<ref>[https://comicbook.com/anime/news/courage-the-cowardly-dog-head-writer-david-steven-cohen-dies-58/ Courage the Cowardly Dog Head Writer David Steven Cohen Reportedly Dies at 58]</ref> ===16=== *[[Émilie Dequenne]], 43, Belgian actress (''[[Rosetta (movie)|Rosetta]]'', ''[[Our Children]]'', ''[[Not My Type]]''), [[adrenocortical carcinoma]].<ref>[https://www.lefigaro.fr/cinema/l-actrice-belge-emilie-dequenne-est-morte-d-un-cancer-20250316 L’actrice belge Émilie Dequenne est morte d’un cancer] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Bindu Ghosh]], 76, Indian actress (''[[Kozhi Koovuthu (1982 movie)|Kozhi Koovuthu]]'', ''[[Uruvangal Maralam]]'', ''[[Thoongathey Thambi Thoongathey]]'') and choreographer.<ref>[https://www.indiaglitz.com/actress-bindu-ghosh-passes-away--news-362980 Renowned Comedy Actress Bindu Ghosh Passes Away; Fans and Film Industry Mourn Her Demise]</ref> *[[Anvar Hasanov]], 74, Azerbaijani actor (''[[Last night of childhood]]'', ''[[My Seven Sons]]'', ''[[Babek (movie)|Babek]]'').<ref>[https://media.az/culture/skonchalsya-narodnyj-artist-azerbajdzhana-anvar-gasanov Скончался народный артист Азербайджана Анвар Гасанов] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> ===15=== *[[Les Binks]], 73, Northern Irish heavy metal drummer ([[Judas Priest]]).<ref>[https://bravewords.com/news/former-judas-priest-drummer-les-binks-dead-at-73/ Former JUDAS PRIEST Drummer LES BINKS Dead At 73]</ref> *[[Delia Razon]], 93, Filipino actress (''[[Rodrigo de Villa]]'', ''[[Gaano Kadalas ang Minsan?]]'', ''[[Ipagpatawad Mo]]'').<ref>[https://mb.com.ph/2025/3/16/veteran-actress-delia-razon-passes-away-93 Veteran actress Delia Razon passes away, 93]</ref> *[[Wings Hauser]], 77, American actor (''[[Tough Guys Don't Dance (movie)|Tough Guys Don't Dance]]'', ''[[The Siege of Firebase Gloria]]'', ''[[Vice Squad (1982 movie)|Vice Squad]]'').<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/film/news/wings-hauser-dead-vice-squad-young-and-the-restless-1236343867/ Wings Hauser, Character Actor From ‘Vice Squad,’ ‘The Young and the Restless,’ Dies at 78]</ref> *[[Slick Watts]], 73, American basketball player ([[Seattle SuperSonics]], [[Utah Jazz#1974–1979: Early years in New Orleans with Pete Maravich|New Orleans Jazz]], [[Houston Rockets]]).<ref>[https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/sonics/sonics-legend-slick-watts-dies-at-73/ Sonics legend Slick Watts dies at 73]</ref> ===14=== *[[Pietro Genuardi]], 62, Italian actor (''[[CentoVetrine]]'', ''[[Killer Crocodile]]'', ''[[Paganini Horror]]'').<ref>[https://www.ansa.it/lazio/notizie/2025/03/14/morto-a-62-anni-lattore-pietro-genuardi_6797c665-beb0-4b65-85cf-644eea2f219c.html Morto a 62 anni l'attore Pietro Genuardi] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Deb Mukherjee]], 83, Indian actor (''[[Aansoo Ban Gaye Phool]]'', ''[[Karate (movie)|Karate]]'', ''[[Gudgudee]]'').<ref>[https://www.news18.com/movies/deb-mukherjee-ayan-mukerjis-father-and-veteran-actor-passes-away-at-83-9261536.html Deb Mukherjee, Ayan Mukerji’s Father And Veteran Actor, Passes Away At 83]</ref> ===13=== *[[Edgar Oehler]], 83, Swiss politician, [[National Council (Switzerland)|MP]] (1971–1995).<ref>[https://www.tagblatt.ch/ostschweiz/rheintal/todesfall-die-ostschweiz-verliert-eine-markante-persoenlichkeit-balgacher-unternehmer-edgar-oehler-verstorben-ld.2746769 Die Ostschweiz verliert eine markante Persönlichkeit: Balgacher Unternehmer Edgar Oehler verstorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Maria Grazia Spina]], 88, Italian actress (''[[Samson and the Slave Queen]]'', ''[[Toto vs. the Black Pirate]]'', ''[[Rugantino (movie)|Rugantino]]'').<ref>[https://www.messaggeroveneto.it/nordest/morta-attrice-grazia-maria-spina-nrkgxdwt Addio all’attrice veneziana Grazia Maria Spina: una vita di arti, segnata dalla bellezza] {{in lang|it}}</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Şinasi Yurtsever]], 51, Turkish actor (''[[Vavien]]'').<ref>[https://medyascope.tv/2025/03/13/sinasi-yurtsever-hayatini-kaybetti/ Oyuncu Şinasi Yurtsever hayatını kaybetti] {{in lang|tr}}</ref> ===12=== *[[Syed Abid Ali]], 83, Indian cricketer ([[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]], [[India national cricket team|national team]]).<ref>[https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/syed-abid-ali-passes-away-dead-83-hyderabad-bowler/article69321408.ece Former India cricketer Syed Abid Ali passes away at 83]</ref> *[[Takashi Inagaki]], 87, Japanese voice actor (''[[Soul Eater]]'', ''[[A Spirit of the Sun]]'', ''[[Kingdom Hearts]]'') and actor, pneumonia.<ref>[https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/76b4d42abf9ef9fc18a1d4d9a9b96d8356112596 "俳優・稲垣隆史さん、肺炎のため死去 87歳 『スター・ウォーズ』パルパティーン最高議長役など多くの吹き替えを担当（オリコン）"]{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *[[Godfrey Lawrence]], 92, Rhodesian cricketer ([[Rhodesia cricket team|Rhodesia]], [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]]).<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/goofy-lawrence-45967 Goofy Lawrence]</ref> *[[Peggy Parnass]], 97, German-Swedish actress (''[[Nobody Loves Me (movie)|Nobody Loves Me]]''), columnist and writer.<ref>[https://www.hagalil.com/2025/03/zum-tod-von-peggy-parnass/ Zum Tod von Peggy Parnass] {{in lang|de}}</ref> ===11=== ===10=== *[[Francis Billy Hilly|Sir Francis Billy Hilly]], 76, Solomon Islands politician, [[Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands|prime minister]] (1993–1994).<ref>[https://islandsbusiness.com/news-break/former-solomon-islands-pm-sir-francis-hilly-dies/ Former Solomon Islands PM Sir Francis Hilly dies]</ref> *[[Stanley R. Jaffe]], 84, American film producer (''[[Kramer vs. Kramer]]'', ''[[Fatal Attraction]]'', ''[[The Bad News Bears]]''), [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Oscar]] winner ([[52nd Academy Awards|1980]]).<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/stanley-jaffe-dead-kramer-kramer-1236159837/ Stanley R. Jaffe, Oscar-Winning ‘Kramer vs. Kramer’ Producer, Dies at 84]</ref> ===9=== *[[Eileen Bennett]], 105, British actress (''[[Thursday's Child (1943 movie)|Thursday's Child]]'', ''[[Much Too Shy]]'', ''[[Trunk Crime]]'').<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2025/03/14/eileen-bennett-george-formby-west-end-stage-cinema/ Eileen Bennett, actress who starred with George Formby on screen and lit up the West End in the war] {{paywall}}</ref> *[[Simon Fisher-Becker]], 63, British actor (''[[Puppy Love (TV series)|Puppy Love]]'', ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (movie)|Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone]]'', ''[[Doctor Who]]'').<ref>[https://cultbox.co.uk/news/simon-fisher-becker-dies-aged-63 Simon Fisher-Becker dies aged 63]</ref> *[[Hans Peter Korff]], 82, German actor (''[[Wayfarers (movie)|Wayfarers]]'', ''[[Pappa Ante Portas]]'', ''[[Beresina, or the Last Days of Switzerland]]'').<ref>[https://www.bluewin.ch/en/entertainment/drombuschs-star-hans-peter-korff-is-dead-2597306.html "Drombuschs" star Hans Peter Korff is dead]</ref> *[[Dick McTaggart]], 89, Scottish boxer, Olympic champion ([[Boxing at the 1956 Summer Olympics – Lightweight|1956]]).<ref>[https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/5197803/dick-mctaggart-dies-dundee-boxing-hero/ Dundee boxing legend Dick McTaggart dies aged 89]</ref> ===8=== ===7=== *[[David Vunagi|Sir David Vunagi]], 73, Solomon Islands bishop and politician, [[Governor-General of Solomon Islands|governor-general]] (2019–2024).<ref>[https://anglican.ink/2025/03/07/death-reported-of-the-former-archbishop-of-melanesia/ Death reported of the former Archbishop of Melanesia ]</ref> *[[D'Wayne Wiggins]], 64, American musician ([[Tony! Toni! Toné!]]) and songwriter ("[[Feels Good]]"), bladder cancer.<ref>[https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/dwayne-wiggins-tony-toni-tone-dies/3812037/ D'Wayne Wiggins of Tony! Toni! Toné! dies after battle with cancer]</ref> ===6=== *[[Brian James (guitarist)|Brian James]], 70, English punk rock guitarist ([[The Damned (band)|The Damned]], [[The Lords of the New Church]]) and songwriter ("[[New Rose]]").<ref>[https://blabbermouth.net/news/founding-the-damned-guitarist-brian-james-dead-at-70 Founding The Damned Guitarist Brian James Dead At 70]</ref> *[[Crystal-Donna Roberts]], 40, South African actress (''[[Arendsvlei]]'', ''[[The Endless River (movie)|The Endless River]]'', ''[[Chronicle (movie)|Chronicle]]''), breast cancer.<ref>[https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/celebrities/celebrated-arendsvlei-and-7de-laan-actor-crystal-donna-roberts-40-has-died-20250306 Celebrated Arendsvlei and 7de Laan actor Crystal-Donna Roberts, 40, has died]</ref> *[[Árpád Sopsits]], 72, Hungarian film director (''[[Strangled (movie)|Strangled]]'').<ref>[https://index.hu/kultur/2025/03/06/sopsits-arpad-rendezo-szinhaz-martfui-rem-magyar-filmszemle/ Meghalt Sopsits Árpád Balázs Béla-díjas színház- és filmrendező] {{in lang|hu}}</ref> ===5=== *[[Edesio Alejandro]], 66, Cuban singer, guitarist and composer (''[[Clandestinos (1987 movie)|Clandestinos]]'', ''[[Hello Hemingway]]''), cancer.<ref>[https://www.cubaheadlines.com/articles/298266 Cuban Musician Edesio Alejandro Passes Away in Madrid]</ref> *[[Randy Brown (musician)|Randy Brown]], 72, American R&B singer.<ref>[https://soultracks.com/news-southern-soul-singer-randy-brown-dies/ Smooth soul singer Randy Brown dies at 72]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Sylvester Turner]], 70, American politician, member of the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]] (since 2025), [[List of mayors of Houston|mayor of Houston]] (2016–2024).<ref>[https://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/article/us-rep-and-former-houston-mayor-sylvester-turner-20204240.php? US Rep. and former Houston mayor Sylvester Turner dies at 70]</ref> ===4=== ===3=== *[[Kathryn Apanowicz]], 64, British actress (''[[Angels (TV series)|Angels]]'', ''[[EastEnders]]'') and television presenter (''[[Calendar (British TV programme)|Calendar]]'').<ref>[https://www.itv.com/news/calendar/2025-03-03/former-presenter-and-actress-kathryn-apanowicz-dies Former Yorkshire Television presenter and actress Kathryn Apanowicz dies aged 64]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Eleonora Giorgi]], 71, Italian actress (''[[Talcum Powder (movie)|Talcum Powder]]'', ''[[Mani di fata]]'', ''[[Inferno (1980 movie)|Inferno]]''), pancreatic cancer.<ref>[https://www.ilmessaggero.it/persone/eleonora_giorgi_morta_roma_paideia_racconto_malattia_carriera-8665149.html Eleonora Giorgi è morta, aveva 71 anni: era malata da tempo. Dalle commedie anni Ottanta al racconto del tumore] {{in lang|it}}</ref> ===2=== *[[Juan Margallo]], 84, Spanish actor (''[[Dragon Rapide (movie)|Dragon Rapide]]'', ''[[Solitary Fragments]]'') and theatre director, complications from a fall.<ref>[https://elpais.com/cultura/2025-03-02/muere-juan-margallo-a-los-84-anos-referente-del-teatro-independiente-en-espana.html Muere Juan Margallo a los 84 años, referente del teatro independiente en España] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ===1=== *[[Monika Lundi]], 82, German actress (''[[The Heath Is Green (1972 movie)|The Heath Is Green]]'', ''[[Crazy – Completely Mad]]'', ''[[No Gold for a Dead Diver]]'').<ref>[https://trauer.sueddeutsche.de/traueranzeige/monika-stetter-lundi Monika Stetter-Lundi] {{in lang|de}}</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Joey Molland]], 77, English guitarist ([[Badfinger]]) and songwriter.<ref>[https://bestclassicbands.com/joey-molland-badfinger-obituary-3-2-25/ Joey Molland, Last Member of Classic Badfinger Lineup, Dies at 77]</ref> *[[Angie Stone]], 63, American singer ("[[No More Rain (In This Cloud)]]", "[[Wish I Didn't Miss You]]") and rapper ([[The Sequence]]), traffic collision.<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/music/news/angie-stone-dead-wish-i-didnt-miss-you-singer-the-sequence-1236324437/ Angie Stone, 'Wish I Didn't Miss You' singer and co-founder of the Sequence, dies at 63 ]</ref> ==February== ===28=== *[[David Johansen]], 75, American musician ([[New York Dolls]]), singer ("[[Hot Hot Hot (Arrow song)|Hot Hot Hot]]") and actor (''[[Scrooged]]''), cancer.<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/music/news/david-johansen-dead-new-york-dolls-1236324334/ David Johansen, New York Dolls Frontman, Dies at 75]</ref> ===27=== *[[Christopher Hughes (quiz contestant)|Christopher Hughes]], 77, English professional quizzer (''[[Eggheads (game show)|Eggheads]]'').<ref>[https://www.lbc.co.uk/news/entertainment/eggheads-chris-hughes-dies-aged-77/ Eggheads quiz expert Chris Hughes dies aged 77 as show pays tribute]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Uttam Mohanty]], 66, Indian actor (''[[Naya Zaher]]'', ''[[Ae Jugara Krushna Sudama]]'', ''[[Purushottam (movie)|Purushottam]]''), cirrhosis.<ref>[https://kalingatv.com/odisha/veteran-odia-actor-uttam-mohanty-dies-while-undergoing-treatment-in-gurugram/ Veteran Odia actor Uttam Mohanty dies while undergoing treatment in Gurugram]</ref> ===26=== *[[Gene Hackman]], 95, American actor (''[[The French Connection (movie)|The French Connection]]'', ''[[Bonnie and Clyde (movie)|Bonnie and Clyde]]'', ''[[Mississippi Burning]]'').<ref>[https://nypost.com/2025/02/27/entertainment/gene-hackman-and-wife-betsy-found-dead-in-new-mexico-home-police/ Legendary actor Gene Hackman, wife Betsy and dog found dead inside New Mexico home: police]</ref> *[[Lis Nilheim]], 80, Swedish actress (''[[Maria (1975 movie)|Maria]]'', ''[[Madicken på Junibacken]]'', ''[[Raskenstam]]'').<ref>[https://www.dagbladet.no/studio/kjendisstudio/668?post=178594 Svensk skuespiller er død] {{in lang|no}}</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Michelle Trachtenberg]], 39, American actress (''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer]]'', ''[[Harriet the Spy (movie)|Harriet the Spy]]'', ''[[Gossip Girl]]'').<ref>[https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Culture/buffy-gossip-girl-actress-michelle-trachtenberg-dead-39/story?id=119215091 'Buffy' and 'Gossip Girl' actress Michelle Trachtenberg dead at 39]</ref> ===25=== *[[Ronald Draper]], 98, South African cricketer ([[Eastern Province cricket team|Eastern Province]], [[Northern Cape (cricket team)|Griqualand West]], [[South Africa national cricket team|national team]]).<ref>[https://www.news24.com/sport/cricket/oldest-test-cricketer-dies-in-south-africa-aged-98-20250228 Oldest Test cricketer dies in South Africa aged 98]</ref> *[[Roberto Orci]], 51, Mexican-born American screenwriter (''[[Star Trek (movie)|Star Trek]]'', ''[[Transformers (movie)|Transformers]]'') and television producer (''[[Fringe (TV series)|Fringe]]''), kidney disease.<ref>[https://deadline.com/2025/02/roberto-orci-dead-star-trek-transformers-writer-producer-1236301807/ Roberto Orci Dies: ‘Star Trek’, ‘Transformers’ & ‘Hawaii Five-0’ Writer-Producer Was 51]</ref> ===24=== *[[Roberta Flack]], 88, American singer ("[[Killing Me Softly With His Song]]", "[[The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face]]", "[[Feel Like Makin' Love (Roberta Flack song)|Feel Like Makin' Love]]") and songwriter, [[Grammy Award|Grammy]] winner ([[15th Annual Grammy Awards|1973]], [[16th Annual Grammy Awards|1974]]), complications from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/music/news/roberta-flack-singer-killing-me-softly-dead-1236318888/ Roberta Flack, ’70s R&B Vocalist Known for ‘Killing Me Softly,’ Dies at 88]</ref> *[[Robert John]], 79, American singer ("[[Sad Eyes (Robert John song)|Sad Eyes]]", "[[If You Don't Want My Love]]").<ref>[https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/robert-john-sad-eyes-singer-dead-obituary-1235279707/ Robert John, Crooner Behind Number One Hit ‘Sad Eyes,’ Dead at 79]</ref> *[[Keith Slater]], 89, Australian cricketer ([[Western Australia cricket team|Western Australia]]) and [[Australian rules football|footballer]] ([[Swan Districts Football Club|Swan Districts]], [[Western Australia Australian rules football team|Western Australia]]).<ref>[https://www.sportfm.com.au/news/all-round-champion-keith-slater-dies-at-age-89/ All-round champion Keith Slater dies at age 89]</ref> ===23=== *[[Chris Jasper]], 73, American [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] singer ([[The Isley Brothers]], [[Isley-Jasper-Isley]]), songwriter ("[[Caravan of Love]]"), keyboardist and producer, cancer.<ref>[https://soultracks.com/news-chris-jasper-dies/ Legendary Isley Brothers member and soul music star Chris Jasper dies]</ref> *[[Thanin Kraivichien]], 97, Thai politician, [[Prime Minister of Thailand|prime minister]] (1976–1977) and acting president of the [[Privy Council of Thailand|Privy Council]] (2016).<ref>[https://www.matichon.co.th/politics/news_5062871 ธานินทร์ กรัยวิเชียร อดีตนายกรัฐมนตรี ถึงแก่อสัญกรรม ในวัย 97 ปี] {{in lang|th}}</ref> *[[Atilio Veronelli]], 65, Argentine actor (''[[The Journey (1992 movie)|The Journey]]'', ''[[Where Are You My Love, That I Cannot Find You?]]'', ''[[Amigomío]]'') and stage director.<ref>[https://tn.com.ar/show/famosos/2025/02/23/a-los-65-anos-murio-el-actor-atilio-veronelli/ A los 65 años, murió el actor Atilio Veronelli] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ===22=== ===21=== *[[Amélia Bittencourt]], 86, Brazilian actress (''[[The Ballroom]]'').<ref>[https://extra.globo.com/famosos/noticia/2025/02/atriz-amelia-bittencourt-morre-aos-86-anos-no-rs.ghtml Atriz Amélia Bittencourt morre aos 86 anos no RS] {{in lang|pt}}</ref> *[[Gwen McCrae]], 81, American singer ("[[Rockin' Chair (Gwen McCrae song)|Rockin' Chair]]").<ref>[https://soultracks.com/news-gwen-mccrae-dies/ R.I.P. soul and disco star Gwen McCrae]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Lynne Marie Stewart]], 78, American actress (''[[Pee-wee's Playhouse]]'', ''[[It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia]]'', ''[[American Graffiti]]'').<ref>[https://extratv.com/2025/02/21/miss-yvonne-actress-lynne-marie-stewart-dies-at-78/ Miss Yvonne of 'Pee-Wee's Playhouse,' Lynne Marie Stewart, Dies at 78]</ref> *[[Voletta Wallace]], 78, American record producer and film producer (''[[Notorious (2009 movie)|Notorious]]'').<ref>[https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/voletta-wallace-notorious-big-bigie-smalls-mother-1235275517/ Voletta Wallace, the Notorious B.I.G.’s Mother, Dead at 78]</ref> ===20=== *[[Jerry Butler]], 85, American [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] soul singer-songwriter ("[[Only the Strong Survive (song)|Only the Strong Survive]]", "[[He Will Break Your Heart]]"), musician ([[The Impressions]]) and politician, complications from Parkinson's disease.<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/music/news/jerry-butler-impressions-singer-dead-chicago-politician-1236315232/ Jerry Butler, Impressions Singer and Chicago Politician, Dies at 85]</ref> *[[Peter Jason]], 80, American actor (''[[They Live]]'', ''[[48 Hrs.]]'', ''[[Deadwood (TV series)|Deadwood]]'').<ref>[https://bloody-disgusting.com/news/3855565/peter-jason-character-actor-and-john-carpenter-regular-has-passed-away/ Peter Jason, Character Actor and John Carpenter Regular, Has Passed Away]</ref> *[[Friedrich-Wilhelm Junge]], 86, German actor (''[[SAS 181 Does Not Reply]]'', ''[[Love's Confusion]]'').<ref>[https://www.tag24.de/dresden/kultur-leute/trauer-um-dresdner-brettl-gruender-schauspieler-friedrich-wilhelm-junge-ist-tot-3361989 Trauer um "Dresdner Brettl"-Gründer: Schauspieler Friedrich-Wilhelm Junge ist tot!] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Bidur Prasad Sapkota]], 59, Nepali politician, [[Federal Parliament of Nepal|MP]] (2014–2017), lung disease.<ref>[https://risingnepaldaily.com/news/57446 Constituent Assembly member Sapkota passes away]</ref> ===19=== *[[Souleymane Cissé (film director)|Souleymane Cissé]], 84, Malian film director (''[[Yeelen]]'', ''[[The Young Girl]]'', ''[[Waati]]'').<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2025/02/19/souleymane-cisse-un-des-chefs-de-file-du-cinema-africain-est-mort_6554682_3382.html# Souleymane Cissé, un des chefs de file du cinéma africain, est mort] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Norberto Huezo]], 68, Salvadoran footballer ([[Palencia CF (1960)|Palencia]], [[Cartagena FC|Cartagena]], [[El Salvador national football team|national team]]), stroke.<ref>[https://www.laprensagrafica.com/deportes/Fallecio-Norberto-Pajarito-Huezo-a-los-68-anos-20250219-0019.html Falleció Norberto "Pájarito" Huezo a los 68 años]{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Tony Isbert]], 74, Spanish actor (''[[A House Without Boundaries]]'', ''[[The Rift (1990 movie)|The Rift]]''), pneumonia.<ref>[https://elcierredigital.com/cultura/muere-los-75-anos-gran-actor-tony-isbert-nieto-del-popular-pepe-isbert Muere a los 74 años el gran actor Tony Isbert, nieto del popular Pepe Isbert] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ===18=== ===17=== *[[Rick Buckler]], 69, English drummer ([[The Jam]]).<ref>[https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/uk-news/jams-drummer-rick-buckler-dies-31032794 The Jam's drummer Rick Buckler dies aged 69 as bandmates pay tribute]</ref> *[[Juan Mariné]], 104, Spanish cinematographer (''[[Ninety Minutes]]'', ''[[Day by Day (movie)|Day by Day]]'', ''[[Fog and Sun]]'') and film restorer.<ref>[https://www.academiadecine.com/2025/02/18/fallece-el-centenario-director-de-fotografia-juan-marine/ Fallece el centenario director de fotografía Juan Mariné] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Jamie Muir]], 82, Scottish musician ([[King Crimson]]) and painter.<ref>[https://www.loudersound.com/news/king-crimson-percussionist-jamie-muir-has-died-aged-82 King Crimson percussionist Jamie Muir has died, aged 82]</ref> ===16=== *[[Julian Holloway]], 80, British actor (''[[Carry On (franchise)|Carry On]]'', ''[[James Bond Jr.]]'', ''[[Regular Show]]'').<ref>[https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/national/24944659.carry-star-julian-holloway-dies-aged-80/ Carry On star Julian Holloway dies aged 80]</ref> *[[Evan Hultman]], 99, American politician, [[Attorney General of Iowa|attorney general of Iowa]] (1961–1965).<ref>[https://wcfcourier.com/news/local/evan-curly-hultman-champion-for-veterans-passes-away/article_2da3c232-ed6a-11ef-b287-8bd17d24ab29.html Evan 'Curly' Hultman, champion for veterans and former Iowa attorney general, dies at 99] {{paywall}}</ref> *[[Kim Sae-ron]], 24, South Korean actress (''[[A Brand New Life (2009 movie)|A Brand New Life]]'', ''[[The Man from Nowhere (2010 movie)|The Man from Nowhere]]'', ''[[A Girl at My Door]]'').<ref>[https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/art/2025/02/398_392355.html Actress Kim Sae-ron found dead at home]</ref> *[[Krishnaveni (actress)|Krishnaveni]], 100, Indian actress (''[[Bhakta Prahlada (1942 Telugu movie)|Bhakta Prahlada]]'', ''[[Brahma Ratham]]'', ''[[Mana Desam]]''), singer, and film producer.<ref>[https://telanganatoday.com/veteran-actress-and-producer-c-krishnaveni-passes-away-at-100 Veteran actress and producer C Krishnaveni passes away at 100]</ref> *[[Yolanda Montes]], 93, American-Mexican actress (''[[Salomé (TV series)|Salomé]]'', ''[[Kill Me Because I'm Dying!]]'', ''[[Nocturne of Love (1948 movie)|Nocturne of Love]]'') and dancer, complications from Alzheimer's disease.<ref>[https://www.hola.com/us/entertainment/20250217814783/yolanda-montes-tongolele-dies-at-93/ Yolanda Montes ‘Tongolele,’ Icon of Mexican Cinema, Dies at 93]</ref> ===15=== *[[Renato Ballardini]], 97, Italian resistance fighter and politician, [[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|deputy]] (1958–1979).<ref>[https://www.vitatrentina.it/2025/02/15/e-morto-a-97-anni-renato-ballardini-partigiano-ed-ex-parlamentare/ È morto a 97 anni Renato Ballardini, partigiano ed ex parlamentare] {{in lang|it}}</ref> ===14=== *[[Carlos Diegues]], 84, Brazilian film director (''[[Ganga Zumba (movie)|Ganga Zumba]]'', ''[[Bye Bye Brasil]]'', ''[[Deus é Brasileiro]]''), complications from surgery.<ref>[https://apnews.com/article/brazil-obit-film-diegues-cinema-novo-e0d8973de4bba1d1e9ceb833596de5fe Cacá Diegues, renowned Brazilian filmmaker and leading figure in Cinema Novo, dies at 84]</ref> *[[Alice Hirson]], 95, American actress (''[[Another World (TV series)|Another World]]'', ''[[Being There]]'', ''[[One Life to Live]]'').<ref>[https://soaphub.com/general-hospital/news-gh/general-hospital-oltl-alum-alice-hirson-dead-at-95/ General Hospital OLTL Alum Alice Hirson Dead At 95]</ref> *[[Fulke Johnson Houghton]], 84, British Thoroughbred racehorse trainer.<ref>[https://www.herefordtimes.com/sport/national/24936109.training-great-fulke-johnson-houghton-dies-aged-84/ Training great Fulke Johnson Houghton dies aged 84]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Geneviève Page]], 97, French actress (''[[Belle de Jour (movie)|Belle de Jour]]'', ''[[Grand Prix (1966 movie)|Grand Prix]]'', ''[[The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes]]'').<ref>[https://www.lefigaro.fr/theatre/deces-genevieve-page-gloire-du-theatre-a-l-age-de-97-ans-20250214 Décès de Geneviève Page, gloire du théâtre, à l’âge de 97 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> ===13=== ===12=== *[[Nike Arrighi]], 80, French actress (''[[The Devil Rides Out (movie)|The Devil Rides Out]]'', ''[[Day for Night (movie)|Day for Night]]'', ''[[Women in Love (movie)|Women in Love]]'').<ref>[https://theunmutual.co.uk/ Nike Arrighi 1944-2025]</ref> *[[Tommy Hunt]], 91, American [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] soul singer ([[The Flamingos]]).<ref>[https://www.clashmusic.com/news/soul-legend-tommy-hunt-has-died/ Soul Legend Tommy Hunt Has Died]</ref> ===11=== *[[Annie Joe Edwards]], 76, American actress (''[[Bullets Over Broadway]]'', ''[[The Purple Rose of Cairo]]'', ''[[Ain't Misbehavin' (musical)|Ain't Misbehavin']]'').<ref>[https://www.birminghamtimes.com/2025/02/annie-joe-edwards-birmingham-native-actress-composer-musician-dies-at-76/ Annie Joe Edwards, Multi-Talented Birmingham Actress, Composer, Musician, Dies at 76]</ref> *[[Moses Lim]], 75, Singaporean actor (''[[Under One Roof (Singaporean TV series)|Under One Roof]]'').<ref>[https://www.tnp.sg/entertainment/veteran-actor-moses-lim-dies-age-75 Veteran actor Moses Lim dies at age 75]</ref> *[[Norma Mora]], 81, Mexican actress (''[[Qué perra vida]]'', ''[[Los astronautas]]'').<ref>[https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/espectaculos/2025/02/12/muere-norma-mora-actriz-mexicana-que-trabajo-con-tin-tan-y-el-santo-quien-era-que-le-paso/ Muere Norma Mora a los 81 años: ¿Qué le pasó a la actriz que trabajó con Tin Tan y El Santo?] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ===10=== *[[Takis Ikonomopoulos]], 81, Greek footballer ([[Panathinaikos F.C.|Panathinaikos]], [[Apollon Smyrnis F.C.|Apollon Athens]], [[Greece national football team|national team]]), stroke.<ref>[https://www.ekathimerini.com/sports/1261252/legendary-panathinaikos-goalkeeper-takis-oikonomopoulos-passes-away-at-81/ Soccer legend Takis Oikonomopoulos passes away at 81]</ref> *[[Peter Tuiasosopo]], 61, American football player ([[Los Angeles Rams]]) and actor (''[[Street Fighter (1994 movie)|Street Fighter]]'', ''[[Necessary Roughness (movie)|Necessary Roughness]]'').<ref>[https://deadline.com/2025/02/peter-navy-tuiasosopo-dead-actor-1236284912/ Peter Navy Tuiasosopo Dies: ‘Street Fighter’, ‘Necessary Roughness’ Actor Was 61]</ref> ===9=== *[[Tom Robbins]], 92, American novelist (''[[Even Cowgirls Get the Blues (novel)|Even Cowgirls Get the Blues]]'', ''[[Jitterbug Perfume]]'', ''[[Still Life with Woodpecker]]'').<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/feb/10/tom-robbins-comic-novelist-of-us-counterculture-dies-aged-92 Tom Robbins, comic novelist of US counterculture, dies aged 92]</ref> *[[Oleg Strizhenov]], 95, Russian actor (''[[The Mexican (1955 movie)|The Mexican]]'', ''[[The Captain's Daughter (1958 movie)|The Captain's Daughter]]'', ''[[The Star of Captivating Happiness]]'').<ref>[https://aif.ru/culture/akter-oleg-strizhenov-umer-na-96-m-godu-zhizni Актер Олег Стриженов умер на 96-м году жизни] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> ===8=== *[[Baldemar Carrasco]], 93, Chilean politician, [[Chamber of Deputies of Chile|deputy]] (1969–1973, 1990–1994).<ref>[https://www.latercera.com/nacional/noticia/fallece-a-los-93-anos-baldemar-carrasco-exdiputado-y-miembro-del-grupo-de-los-13-de-la-dc/EGI4B6WO2BBFBFZGI75IXUTCW4/ Fallece a los 93 años Baldemar Carrasco, exdiputado y miembro del “Grupo de los 13″ de la DC] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Sam Nujoma]], 95, Namibian politician, [[President of Namibia|president]] (1990–2005).<ref>[https://www.namibian.com.na/namibias-founding-president-sam-nujoma-dies/ Namibia’s founding president, Sam Nujoma, dies]</ref> ===7=== *[[Anthony Dileo Jr.]], American actor (''[[Day of the Dead (1985 movie)|Day of the Dead]]'', ''[[Two Evil Eyes]]'', ''[[Lorenzo's Oil]]''), complications from COVID-19.<ref>[https://bloody-disgusting.com/news/3853900/day-of-the-dead-actor-anthony-dileo-jr-has-passed-away/ ‘Day of the Dead’ Actor Anthony DiLeo Jr. Has Passed Away]</ref> *[[Bruce French (actor)|Bruce French]], 79, American actor (''[[Passions]]'', ''[[The Riches]]'', ''[[Fletch (movie)|Fletch]]''), complications from Alzheimer's disease.<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/bruce-french-dead-passions-1236131400/ Bruce French, ‘Passions’ Actor and a Veteran of the Stage, Dies at 79]</ref> *[[Tony Roberts (actor)|Tony Roberts]], 85, American actor (''[[Annie Hall]]'', ''[[Play It Again, Sam (movie)|Play It Again, Sam]]'', ''[[Serpico]]''), lung cancer.<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/tony-roberts-dead-woody-allen-annie-hall-1236130177/ Tony Roberts, Woody Allen Sidekick and Broadway Stalwart, Dies at 85]</ref> ===6=== ===5=== *[[Irv Gotti]], 54, American record producer ("[[Foolish (Ashanti song)|Foolish]]", "[[Always on Time]]") and executive ([[Murder Inc. Records]]).<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/music-news/irv-gotti-murder-inc-founder-dies-1236128314/ Irv Gotti, Murder Inc. Founder Who Worked With Ashanti and Ja Rule, Dies at 54]</ref> *[[Brian Turner (New Zealand poet)|Brian Turner]], 80, New Zealand poet and field hockey player ([[New Zealand men's national field hockey team|national team]]), heart attack.<ref>[https://newsroom.co.nz/2025/02/06/brian-turner-dies/ Brian Turner dies]</ref> ===4=== *[[Sid Ahmed Ghozali]], 87, Algerian politician, [[Prime Minister of Algeria|prime minister]] (1991–1992).<ref>[https://www.ennaharonline.com/وفاة-رئيس-الحكومة-الأسبق-سيد-احمد-غزال/ وفاة رئيس الحكومة الأسبق سيد احمد غزالي] {{in lang|ar}}</ref> ===3=== *[[Rich Dauer]], 72, American baseball player ([[Baltimore Orioles]]) and coach ([[Kansas City Royals]], [[Colorado Rockies]]).<ref>[https://www.cbssports.com/mlb/news/rich-dauer-orioles-hall-of-famer-and-former-astros-coach-dies-at-72/ Rich Dauer, Orioles Hall of Famer and former Astros coach, dies at 72]</ref> *[[Bettina Heltberg]], 82, Danish journalist (''[[Politiken]]'') and actress (''[[Det støver stadig]]'').<ref>[https://ekstrabladet.dk/underholdning/dkkendte/bettina-heltberg-er-doed/10518513 Bettina Heltberg er død] {{in lang|da}}</ref> ===2=== *[[Lee Joo-shil]], 80, South Korean actress (''[[The Uncanny Counter]]'', ''[[Train to Busan]]'', ''[[Squid Game]]''), stomach cancer.<ref>[https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250202002700315 Veteran actress Lee Joo-shil dies of stomach cancer at 81]</ref> *[[Brian Murphy]], 92, English actor (''[[Man About the House]]'', ''[[George and Mildred]]'', ''[[Last of the Summer Wine]]'') and comedian, cancer.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cdxeg4q0rddo Sitcom actor Brian Murphy dies aged 92]</ref> ===1=== *[[Horst Köhler]], 81, German economist and politician, [[President of Germany|president]] (2004–2010), president of the [[European Bank for Reconstruction and Development|EBRD]] (1998–2000) and managing director of the [[IMF]] (2000–2004).<ref>[https://www.zdf.de/nachrichten/politik/deutschland/ex-bundespraesident-horst-koehler-tot-100.html Ex-Bundespräsident Horst Köhler gestorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Fay Vincent]], 86, American lawyer and sports executive, [[commissioner of baseball]] (1989–1992), bladder cancer.<ref>[https://www.espn.co.uk/mlb/story/_/id/43667090/former-mlb-commissioner-fay-vincent-dies-86 Former MLB commissioner Fay Vincent dies at 86] </ref> ==January== ===31=== *[[Buster Farrer]], 88, South African cricketer ([[Border (cricket team)|Border]], [[South Africa national cricket team|national team]]), tennis player and field hockey player.<ref>[https://www.theherald.co.za/sport/2025-02-02-sporting-community-mourns-multitalented-buster-farrers-death/ Sporting community mourns multitalented Buster Farrer’s death]</ref> *[[Táňa Radeva]], 67, Slovak actress (''[[Bathory (movie)|Bathory]]'', ''[[Lóve]]'', ''[[Dubček (movie)|Dubček]]'').<ref>[https://www.aktuality.sk/clanok/UNH4MvO/zomrela-herecka-tana-radeva/ Zomrela herečka Táňa Radeva] {{in lang|sk}}</ref> *[[Kärt Tomingas]], 57, Estonian actress (''[[Those Old Love Letters]]'', ''[[Zero Point (movie)|Zero Point]]''), singer and educator.<ref>[https://kultuur.err.ee/1609593032/suri-naitleja-ja-laulja-kart-tomingas Suri näitleja ja laulja Kärt Tomingas] {{in lang|et}}</ref> ===30=== *[[Julius Chan|Sir Julius Chan]], 85, Papua New Guinean politician, [[Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea|prime minister]] (1980–1982, 1994–1997, 1997).<ref>[https://www.postcourier.com.pg/the-last-man-standing-falls/ The "last man standing" falls]</ref> *[[Marianne Faithfull]], 78, English singer ("[[As Tears Go By (song)|As Tears Go By]]"), songwriter ("[[Broken English (song)|Broken English]]") and actress (''[[The Girl on a Motorcycle]]'').<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cp8k931j423o Singer Marianne Faithfull dies at 78]</ref> ===29=== ===28=== *[[Horst Janson (actor)|Horst Janson]], 89, German actor (''[[The Buddenbrooks (1959 movie)|The Buddenbrooks]]'', ''[[Das Riesenrad]]'', ''[[Murphy's War]]''), complications from a stroke.<ref>[https://www.bild.de/unterhaltung/stars-und-leute/horst-janson-der-sesamstrasse-star-ist-tot-6798bb453205537d00c7365f Die „Sesamstraße“ weint! TV-Star Horst Janson (89) ist tot] {{in lang|de}}</ref> (death announced on this date) ===27=== *[[Alma Rosa Aguirre]], 95, Mexican actress (''[[The Stronger Sex (1946 movie)|The Stronger Sex]]'', ''[[Nosotras las taquígrafas]]'', ''[[The Border Man]]'').<ref>[https://www.milenio.com/espectaculos/famosos/muere-alma-rosa-aguirre-hermana-elsa-aguirre Muere Alma Rosa Aguirre, actriz del Cine de Oro mexicano y hermana de Elsa Aguirre, a los 95 años] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Yoon Dae-sung]], 85, South Korean playwright and screenwriter (''[[All That Falls Has Wings]]'', ''[[Black Republic]]'').<ref>[https://www.chosun.com/culture-life/performance-arts/2025/01/27/GTYMSHTSUZC65EHABVIGGTJDWE/ "어렵고 불편해 괴로움 줘야 진짜 연극"… 극작가 윤대성 별세] {{in lang|ko}}</ref> ===26=== *[[Shafi (director)|Shafi]], 56, Indian film director (''[[One Man Show (movie)|One Man Show]]'', ''[[Kalyanaraman (2002 movie)|Kalyanaraman]]'', ''[[Pulival Kalyanam]]''), complications from a stroke.<ref>[https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=1468886&u=popular-film-director-shafi-passes-away Popular film director Shafi passes away]</ref> *[[Igor Yankovsky]], 73, Russian actor (''[[Investigation Led by Experts]]'', ''[[The Suicide Club, or the Adventures of a Titled Person]]'', ''[[Charlotte's Necklace]]''), cirrhosis.<ref>[https://www.starhit.ru/novosti/umer-plemyannik-olega-yankovskogo-igor-stradavshii-ot-raka-6191019/ Умер племянник Олега Янковского Игорь, страдавший от рака] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> ===25=== *[[Dražen Dalipagić]], 73, Serbian [[Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] basketball player ([[KK Partizan|Partizan]], [[Reyer Venezia|Carrera Venezia]]) and coach ([[Nuova Pallacanestro Gorizia]]), Olympic champion ([[Basketball at the 1980 Summer Olympics|1980]]).<ref>[https://about.fiba.basketball/en/news/basketball-world-mourns-loss-of-serbian-legend-drazen-dalipagic Basketball world mourns loss of Serbian legend Drazen Dalipagic]</ref> *[[Ole Neumann]], 77, Danish actor (''[[Father of Four (movie)|Father of Four]]'', ''[[The Heir to Næsbygaard]]'', ''[[Father of Four on Bornholm]]'').<ref>[https://ekstrabladet.dk/underholdning/dkkendte/ole-lille-per-neumann-er-doed/10510385 Ole 'Lille Per' Neumann er død] {{in lang|da}}</ref> *[[Gloria Romero (actress)|Gloria Romero]], 91, Filipino actress (''[[Ilocana Maiden]]'', ''[[Iginuhit ng Tadhana (The Ferdinand E. Marcos Story)]]'', ''[[Condemned (1984 movie)|Condemned]]'').<ref>[https://www.bomboradyo.com/veteran-actress-gloria-romero-pumanaw-na-91 Veteran actress Gloria Romero pumanaw na, 91] {{in lang|tl}}</ref> ===24=== *[[Unk]], 42, American rapper ("[[Walk It Out (Unk song)|Walk It Out]]", "[[2 Step (song)|2 Step]]", "[[Show Out (Unk song)|Show Out]]").<ref>[https://blackamericaweb.com/2025/01/24/how-did-dj-unk-die/ DJ Unk, Known for “Walk It Out” and “2 Step”, Dead at 42]</ref> ===23=== ===22=== *[[Nicholas Eadie]], 67, Australian actor (''[[Vietnam (miniseries)|Vietnam]]'', ''[[The Man from Snowy River II]]'', ''[[Fragments of War: The Story of Damien Parer]]'', ''[[Cop Shop]]'').<ref>[https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/celebrity-deaths/aussie-tv-and-theatre-legend-nicholas-eadie-dead-at-67/news-story/aa838665ab8db849dae3e0939c932789 Aussie TV and theatre legend Nicholas Eadie dead at 67]</ref> * [[Wim van Elk]], 87, Dutch politician.<ref>[https://www.bd.nl/eindhoven/oud-burgemeester-van-helmond-wim-van-elk-87-overleden-burgemeester-sjoerd-potters-reageert-geschrokken-en-bedroefd~aa80e8ab/?cb=1db74fd6-cd74-4d15-aa4d-67e2c838a236&auth_rd=1 Oud-burgemeester van Helmond Wim van Elk (87) overleden, burgemeester Sjoerd Potters reageert ‘geschrokken en bedroefd’] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> ===21=== *[[Mauricio Funes]], 65, Salvadoran politician and convicted criminal, [[President of El Salvador|president]] (2009–2014).<ref>[https://www.barrons.com/news/ex-salvadoran-leader-mauricio-funes-dies-in-nicaragua-ec6ec769 Ex-Salvadoran Leader Mauricio Funes Dies In Nicaragua]</ref> *[[Garth Hudson]], 87, Canadian [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] musician ([[The Band]]) and keyboardist ("[[Chest Fever]]").<ref>[https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/music/garth-hudson-the-last-living-member-of-the-band-dead-at-87/article_983498e8-d7fc-11ef-ac3c-4b6836c7f137.html Garth Hudson, the last living member of The Band, dead at 87]</ref> ===20=== *[[Bertrand Blier]], 85, French film director (''[[Get Out Your Handkerchiefs]]'', ''[[Beau Pere]]'', ''[[Buffet froid]]'').<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2025/01/21/bertrand-blier-realisateur-et-scenariste-auteur-des-valseuses-est-mort-a-85-ans_6508368_3382.html Bertrand Blier, réalisateur et scénariste, auteur des « Valseuses », est mort à 85 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Luc Cauwenberghs]], 72, Belgian visual artist.<ref>[https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2025/01/23/kunstenaar-uit-tervuren-luc-cauwenberghs-overleden/ Kunstenaar Luc Cauwenberghs (72) overleden, maker van beelden van Nero en Urbanus] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Bob Kuban]], 84, American bandleader and musician ([[The Cheater (song)|"The Cheater"]]), stroke.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fox2now.com/news/missouri/bob-kuban-st-louis-musician-and-rock-roll-hall-of-famer-passes/ |title=Bob Kuban, St. Louis musician and Rock & Roll Hall of Famer, dead at 84 |access-date=2025-01-21 |archive-date=2025-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122145308/https://fox2now.com/news/missouri/bob-kuban-st-louis-musician-and-rock-roll-hall-of-famer-passes/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Harald Paalgard]], 74, Norwegian cinematographer (''[[Orion's Belt (movie)|Orion's Belt]]'', ''[[Dreamplay]]'', ''[[The Woman That Dreamed About a Man]]'').<ref>[https://www.nrk.no/nyheter/filmfotograf-harald-paalgard-er-dod-1.17214142 Filmfotograf Harald Paalgard er død] {{in lang|no}}</ref> *[[John Sykes]], 65, English guitarist ([[Tygers of Pan Tang]], [[Thin Lizzy]], [[Whitesnake]]), cancer.<ref>[https://blabbermouth.net/news/legendary-guitarist-john-sykes-dead-at-65 Legendary Guitarist John Sykes Dead At 65]</ref> (death announced on this date) ===19=== * [[Jan Mijnsbergen]], 86, Dutch politician.<ref>[https://www.parlement.com/id/vmk8iua0uan9/nieuws/oud_kamerlid_jan_mijnsbergen_pvda Oud-Kamerlid Jan Mijnsbergen (PvdA) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> * [[Mijndert Ververs]], 91, Dutch businessman.<ref>[https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2025/01/22/de-boodschappenjongen-die-met-wolters-kluwer-een-miljardenbedrijf-opbouwde-a4880529 De boodschappenjongen die met Wolters Kluwer een miljardenbedrijf opbouwde] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> ===18=== * [[Raymond Goossens]], 93, Belgian politician.<ref>[https://www.gva.be/cnt/dmf20250120_96850845 De man die eerste burgemeester werd van fusiegemeente Ranst: “Mon kon niet tegen conflicten”] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> * [[Jan Oudenaarden]], 81, Dutch writer, historian and columnist.<ref>[https://www.ad.nl/rotterdam/groot-feyenoord-fan-en-schrijver-jan-oudenaarden-81-overleden~aa32043e/ Groot Feyenoord-fan en schrijver Jan Oudenaarden (81) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Ze'ev Revach]], 84, Israeli actor (''[[Charlie Ve'hetzi]]'', ''[[Hagiga B'Snuker]]'', ''[[The Farewell Party]]'') and comedian.<ref>[https://www.ynet.co.il/entertainment/article/HyXjFEWYD זאב רווח, מגדולי שחקני ישראל, הלך לעולמו בגיל 84] {{in lang|he}}</ref> ===17=== *[[Denis Law]], 84, Scottish footballer ([[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], [[Huddersfield Town A.F.C.|Huddersfield Town]], [[Scotland national football team|national team]]), Alzheimer's disease.<ref>[https://sports.yahoo.com/denis-law-legendary-manchester-united-192908742.html Denis Law, legendary Manchester United and Scotland goalscorer, dies aged 84]</ref> *[[Russell Marshall]], 88, New Zealand politician, [[New Zealand Parliament|MP]] (1972–1990), minister of [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (New Zealand)|foreign affairs]] (1987–1990) and [[Minister of Education (New Zealand)|education]] (1984–1987).<ref>[https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/539385/former-minister-russell-marshall-dies-aged-88 Former minister Russell Marshall dies aged 88]</ref> ===16=== *[[David Lynch]], 78, American television and film director (''[[Twin Peaks]]'', ''[[Blue Velvet (movie)|Blue Velvet]]'', ''[[Mulholland Drive (movie)|Mulholland Drive]]''), visual artist and musician.<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/film/news/david-lynch-dead-director-blue-velvet-twin-peaks-1236276106/ David Lynch, Visionary Director of ‘Twin Peaks’ and ‘Blue Velvet,’ Dies at 78]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Joan Plowright|Dame Joan Plowright]], 95, English actress (''[[Enchanted April (1991 movie)|Enchanted April]]'', ''[[A Taste of Honey]]'', ''[[101 Dalmatians (1996 movie)|101 Dalmatians]]''), [[Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play|Tony]] winner ([[15th Tony Awards|1961]]).<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/film/global/joan-plowright-dead-acting-legend-laurence-olivier-widow-1236276923/ Joan Plowright, Acting Legend of Stage and Screen and Laurence Olivier’s Widow, Dies at 95]</ref> *[[Bob Uecker]], 90, American baseball player ([[St. Louis Cardinals]]), broadcaster ([[Milwaukee Brewers]]), and actor (''[[Mr. Belvedere]]''), lung cancer.<ref>[https://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/43439250/beloved-brewers-broadcaster-bob-uecker-dies-age-90 Beloved Brewers broadcaster Bob Uecker, 'Mr. Baseball,' dies at 90]</ref> *[[Shoji Ueda (cinematographer)|Shoji Ueda]], 87, Japanese cinematographer (''[[Ran (movie)|Ran]]'', ''[[Dreams (1990 movie)|Dreams]]'', ''[[After the Rain (movie)|After the Rain]]''), heart attack.<ref>[https://www.hokkaido-np.co.jp/article/1111788/ 上田正治さん死去　映画撮影監督] {{in lang|ja}}</ref> ===15=== *[[Anna Maria Ackermann]], 92, Italian actress (''[[Le inchieste del commissario Maigret]]'', ''[[The Skin (movie)|The Skin]]'', ''[['O Re]]'').<ref>[https://napoli.repubblica.it/cronaca/2025/01/15/news/anna_maria_ackermann_morta_attrice_eduardo-423941427/ Teatro, morta Anna Maria Ackermann: debuttò con Eduardo] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Christopher Benjamin (actor)|Christopher Benjamin]], 90, English actor (''[[Doctor Who]]'', ''[[Judge John Deed]]'', ''[[The Plague Dogs (movie)|The Plague Dogs]]'').<ref>[https://www.doctorwhonews.net/2025/01/christopher_benjamin_1934_2025.html#google_vignette Christopher Benjamin 1934–2025]</ref> *[[Diane Langton]], 77, English actress (''[[Hollyoaks]]'', ''[[Only Fools and Horses]]'', ''[[EastEnders]]'').<ref>[https://www.lbc.co.uk/news/only-fools-and-horses-star-soap-legend-diane-langton-dies-77/ Only Fools and Horses star and soap legend Diane Langton dies aged 77]</ref> *[[Melba Montgomery]], 86, American country singer ("[[No Charge]]", "[[Don't Let the Good Times Fool You (song)|Don't Let the Good Times Fool You]]", "[[Angel of the Morning]]") and songwriter.<ref>[https://tasteofcountry.com/melba-montgomery-dead-dies/ Legendary 'No Charge' Singer Melba Montgomery Dead at 86]</ref> *[[Willy Neven]], 76, Belgian politician, mayor of [[Halen]] (1983–1986; 1995–2012).<ref>[https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2025/01/16/ereburgemeester-van-halen-willy-neven-overleden-stad-opent-rouw/ Oud-burgemeester Willy Neven (76) van Halen overleden: "Strijder tegen wateroverlast" laat blijvende erfenis na] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Linda Nolan]], 65, Irish singer, actress and television personality ([[The Nolans]]), double pneumonia.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c1ezlgzj4vvo Singer Linda Nolan dies aged 65]</ref> *[[Rosny Smarth]], 84, Haitian politician, [[Prime Minister of Haiti|prime minister]] (1996–1997).<ref>[https://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article31331 Haïti : Décès de l’ancien premier ministre Rosny Smarth] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Jeannot Szwarc]], 85, French film director (''[[Jaws 2]]'', ''[[Supergirl (1984 movie)|Supergirl]]'', ''[[Santa Claus: The Movie]]'').<ref>[https://thedailyjaws.com/news/jaws-2-director-jeannot-szwarc-passes-away-aged-85 tor Jeannot Szwarc passes away aged 85]</ref> *[[Sarigama Viji]], 76, Indian actor (''[[Beluvalada Madilalli]]'', ''[[Mana Mecchida Sose]]'', ''[[Yamalokadalli Veerappan]]'').<ref>[https://www.oneindia.com/entertainment/kannada-actor-sarigama-vijay-passes-away-4042811.html Kannada Actor Sarigama Viji Passes Away At 76l]</ref> ===14=== *[[Marcel van den Dop]], 70, Dutch artist.<ref>[https://www.omroepwest.nl/nieuws/4926071/altijd-een-lach-en-grap-en-creativiteit-ten-top-kunstenaar-marcello-overleden 'Altijd een lach en grap en creativiteit ten top', kunstenaar Marcello overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Jack Kooistra]], 94, Dutch journalist and Nazi hunter.<ref>[https://nos.nl/artikel/2551765-jack-kooistra-94-overleden-man-die-schrik-van-roden-opspoorde Jack Kooistra (94) overleden, man die 'Schrik van Roden' opspoorde] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Tony Slattery]], 65, British actor (''[[The Crying Game]]'', ''[[Peter's Friends]]''), comedian and television personality (''[[Whose Line Is It Anyway? (British TV series)|Whose Line Is It Anyway?]]''), heart attack.<ref>[https://www.aol.co.uk/comedian-tony-slattery-dies-aged-140227095.html Comedian Tony Slattery dies aged 65 after heart attack]</ref> *[[Gerard van den Tweel]], 80, Dutch businessman, [[bile duct cancer]].<ref>[https://www.quotenet.nl/quote-500/in-memoriam/a63417983/in-memoriam-quote-500-lid-gerard-van-den-tweel-1944-2025/ In Memoriam: Quote 500-lid Gerard van den Tweel (1944-2025)] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> ===13=== *[[Jean Penders]], 85, Dutch politician, member of the [[European Parliament]] (1979–1994).<ref>[https://www.parlement.com/id/vmk2irjykogc/nieuws/oud_europarlementarier_jean_penders_cda Oud-Europarlementariër Jean Penders (CDA) overleden] {{in lang |nl}}</ref> ===12=== *[[Claude Jarman Jr.]], 90, American actor (''[[The Yearling]]'', ''[[Rio Grande (1950 movie)|Rio Grande]]'').<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/claude-jarman-dead-yearling-juvenile-oscar-1236107296/ Claude Jarman Jr., Young Star of ‘The Yearling,’ Dies at 90]</ref> *[[Kim Yaroshevskaya]], 101, Russian-born Canadian actress (''[[Fanfreluche]]'', ''[[Passe-Partout]]'', ''[[Home Fires (Canadian TV series)|Home Fires]]'').<ref>[https://www.lequotidien.com/arts/2025/01/12/la-comedienne-kim-yaroshevskaya-seteint-a-101-ans-2PBMB3SQ2VGJ7BUH2RKPME3TOY/ La comédienne Kim Yaroshevskaya s’éteint à 101 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> * [[Anton Vernooij]], 84, Dutch priest, composer and full professor.<ref>[https://www.aartsbisdom.nl/kerkmusicus-pastor-a-c-vernooij-overleden/ Kerkmusicus pastor A.C. Vernooij overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> ===11=== *[[Barbara Rylska]], 88, Polish actress.<ref>[https://kultura.onet.pl/film/nie-zyje-ikona-polskiego-kina-barbara-rylska-odeszla-w-wieku-89-lat/eh4sz6x Nie żyje ikona polskiego kina. Barbara Rylska odeszła w wieku 89 lat] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> ===10=== *[[Cees Bakker]], 85, Dutch politician.<ref>[https://www.hetkontakt.nl/alblasserwaard/nieuws/412124/kees-bakker-oud-burgemeester-van-giessenlanden-overleden Kees Bakker, oud-burgemeester van Giessenlanden, overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Yevgenia Dobrovolskaya]], 60, Russian actress (''[[Queen Margot (TV series)|Queen Margot]]'', ''[[The Irony of Fate 2]]'', ''[[Guys from Mars]]''), complications from cancer and heart failure.<ref>[https://www.rbc.ru/society/10/01/2025/678147e59a79472b64f7a234 Умерла Евгения Добровольская] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[Sam Moore]], 89, American [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] singer-songwriter ([[Sam & Dave]]), complications from surgery.<ref>[https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/sam-moore-sam-and-dave-soul-man-dead-obituary-1235140865/ Sam Moore, Soul Man Who Scored Hits With Sam and Dave, Dead at 89]</ref> *[[Theo Rongen]], 81, Dutch music director and politician, mayor of [[Thorn]] (1997-2011).<ref>[https://www.klankwijzer.nl/oud-bestuurder-theo-rongen-81-overleden/ Oud-bestuurder Theo Rongen (81) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Bram Van Paesschen]], 45, Belgian movie director (''[[Empire of Dust]]'').<ref>[https://www.bruzz.be/actua/samenleving/brusselse-documentairemaker-bram-van-paesschen-45-overleden-2025-01-12 Brusselse documentairemaker Bram Van Paesschen (45) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> ===9=== *[[Harlind Libbrecht]], 65, Belgian musician ([[Kadril]]) and academic.<ref>[https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2025/01/09/harlind-libbrecht-kluisbergen-gent-kadril-folk-muziek/ Harlind Libbrecht, muzikant en mede-oprichter van folk-rockgroep Kadril, overleden]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Jorge Luis Sánchez]], 64, Cuban film director (''[[El Benny]]'', ''[[Buscando a Casal]]'').<ref>[https://www.granma.cu/cultura/2025-01-09/fallecio-el-cineasta-cubano-jorge-luis-sanchez-director-de-el-benny-09-01-2025-09-01-12 Falleció el cineasta cubano Jorge Luis Sánchez, director de El Benny] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Marc Michetz]], 73, Belgian comics artist.<ref>[https://www.stripspeciaalzaak.be/stripnieuws/marc-michetz-73-overleden Marc Michetz (73) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Otto Schenk]], 94, Austrian actor (''[[Dunja (movie)|Dunja]]'', ''[[Always Trouble with the Reverend]]''), film (''[[Die Fledermaus (1972 movie)|Die Fledermaus]]'') and theatre director.<ref>[https://orf.at/stories/3001001/ Otto Schenk ist tot] {{in lang|de}}</ref> ===8=== *[[Pritish Nandy]], 73, Indian poet, film producer (''[[Bollywood Calling]]'', ''[[The Mystic Masseur]]''), and politician, [[Rajya Sabha|MP]] (1998–2004), cardiac arrest.<ref>[https://odishabytes.com/poet-filmmaker-writer-pritish-nandy-dies-at-73-heartbroken-friend-anupam-kher-pays-rich-tribute/ Poet, Filmmaker, Writer Pritish Nandy Dies At 73; ‘Heartbroken’ Friend Anupam Kher Pays Rich Tribute]</ref> ===7=== *[[Jaap Dijkstra]], 81, Dutch politician.<ref>[https://publicatie-onlinerouwbericht.dpgmedia.nl/Images/a729e6ef-5ccb-c951-8b21-d52258c5380f.jpeg death announcement], ''[[de Stentor]]''</ref> *[[Jean-Marie Le Pen]], 96, French politician, [[National Assembly (France)|deputy]] (1956–1962, 1986–1988) and [[European Parliament|MEP]] (1984–2019), founder of [[National Rally|National Front]].<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jan/07/jean-marie-le-pen-french-far-right-leader-dies Jean-Marie Le Pen, French far-right leader, dies aged 96]</ref> *[[Mirosława Marcheluk]], 85, Polish actress (''[[Hero of the Year (movie)|Hero of the Year]]'', ''[[Magnat (movie)|Magnat]]'').<ref>[https://dzienniklodzki.pl/zmarla-miroslawa-marcheluk-znakomita-aktorka-przez-wiele-lat-zwiazana-z-lodzia/ar/c13-19026458 Zmarła Mirosława Marcheluk, znakomita aktorka przez wiele lat związana z Łodzią] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> *[[Walter Martos]], 67, Peruvian military officer and politician, [[Prime Minister of Peru|prime minister]] (2020) and [[Ministry of Defence (Peru)|minister of defence]] (2019–2020).<ref>[https://larepublica.pe/politica/2025/01/07/fallecio-walter-martos-ex-primer-ministro-del-gobierno-de-martin-vizcarra-a-los-67-anos-hnews-458318 Falleció Walter Martos, exministro del gobierno de Martín Vizcarra, a los 67 años] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Hans Prakke]], 75, Dutch journalist.<ref>[https://www.spreekbuis.nl/journalist-hans-prakke-overleden/ Journalist Hans Prakke (75) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Pim Vermeulen]], 77, Dutch politician.<ref>[https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2025/01/11/pim-vermeulen-onverschrokken-stadsvernieuwer-van-rotterdam-a4879250 Pim Vermeulen: onverschrokken stadsvernieuwer van Rotterdam] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Peter Yarrow]], 86, American singer ([[Peter, Paul and Mary]], "[[Leaving on a Jet Plane]]") and songwriter ("[[Puff, the Magic Dragon]]"), bladder cancer.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/music/2025/jan/07/peter-yarrow-of-folk-trio-peter-paul-and-mary-dies-aged-86 Peter Yarrow of folk trio Peter, Paul and Mary dies aged 86]</ref> ===6=== *[[Henny Eman]], 76, Aruban politician, [[Prime Minister of Aruba|prime minister]] (1986–1989, 1994–2001).<ref>[https://www.nd.nl/varia/varia/1252822/eerste-premier-van-aruba-henny-eman-76-overleden Eerste premier van Aruba Henny Eman (76) overleden] {{in lang|nl}} {{subscription}} </ref> ===5=== * [[René Bliki]], 98, Belgian resistance member, war volunteer and sport cyclist.<ref>[https://www.persinfo.org/nl/nieuws/artikel/oorlogsvrijwilliger-rene-bliki-overleden/61974 Oorlogsvrijwilliger René Bliki overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Bobby Matitahatiwen]], 65, Dutch futsal player ([[Netherlands national futsal team|national team]]).<ref>[https://www.onsoranje.nl/node/81845 Voormalig futsalinternational Bobby Matitahatiwen (65) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Prabir Mitra]], 83, Bangladeshi actor (''[[Titash Ekti Nadir Naam]]'', ''[[Boro Bhalo Lok Chhilo]]'', ''[[Buk Fatey To Mukh Foteyna]]'').<ref>[https://www.daily-sun.com/post/785405 Prabir Mitra passes away]</ref> * [[Henri Willy Pleket]], 94, Dutch historian, [[epigrapher]] and university professor.<ref>[https://www.nrc.nl/krant/2025/01/11/#428 death announcement], ''[[NRC Handelsblad]], 11 January 2025''</ref> *[[Costas Simitis]], 88, Greek politician, [[Prime Minister of Greece|prime minister]] (1996–2004), and [[Hellenic Parliament|MP]] (1985–2009).<ref>[https://www.barrons.com/news/former-greek-pm-costas-simitis-dies-aged-88-ea144ae0 Former Greek PM Costas Simitis Dies Aged 88]</ref> ===4=== *[[José Luis Beltrán]], 69, Spanish basketball player ([[CB Estudiantes]], [[Spain men's national basketball team|national team]]).<ref>[https://basquetplus.com/basquet-plus-acb-espana-jose-luis-beltran-el-patas-estudiantes-madrid-gran-canaria Murió el Patas Beltrán, primer argentino en jugar la liga española] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Jules D'Oultremont]], 77, Belgian politician, mayor of [[Houthalen-Helchteren]] (2001-2003).<ref>[https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/dmf20250104_94791512 Oud-burgemeester Jules D’Oultremont van Houthalen-Helchteren overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Emilio Echevarría]], 80, Mexican actor (''[[Amores perros]]'', ''[[Die Another Day]]'', ''[[The Alamo (2004 movie)|The Alamo]]'').<ref>[https://www.excelsior.com.mx/funcion/muere-emilio-echevarria-actor-interpreto-el-chivo-amores-perros/1692626 Muere Emilio Echevarría, querido actor que interpretó a "El Chivo" en "Amores Perros"] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Nicolaas Klei]], 63, Dutch wine critic.<ref>[https://nos.nl/artikel/2550749-wijnschrijver-nicolaas-klei-63-overleden-bekend-van-supermarktwijngids Wijnschrijver Nicolaas Klei (63) overleden, bekend van Supermarktwijngids] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Anjana Sultana]], 59, Bangladeshi actress (''[[Parineeta (1986 movie)|Parineeta]]'', ''[[Ashikkhito]]''), lung infection.<ref>[https://www.bd24live.com/actress-anjana-rahman-passes-away/ Actress Anjana Rahman Passes Away]</ref> ===3=== *[[Jeff Baena]], 47, American film director and screenwriter (''[[The Little Hours]]'', ''[[Horse Girl]]'', ''[[Spin Me Round]]''), suicide.<ref>[https://deadline.com/2025/01/jeff-baena-dead-47-independent-filmmaker-1236246487/ Indie Filmmaker Jeff Baena Has Passed Away At 47]</ref> *[[André De Maerteleire]], 80, Belgian cyclist.<ref>[https://www.wielerkrant.be/nieuws/2025-01-05/belgische-wielerwereld-opnieuw-in-rouw-oud-wielrenner-andre-de-maerteleire-overleden-op-80-jarige-leeftijd Belgische wielerwereld opnieuw in rouw: oud-wielrenner André De Maerteleire overleden op 80-jarige leeftijd] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Shigemi Fukahori]], 93, Japanese peace activist.<ref>[https://edition.cnn.com/2025/01/05/asia/shigemi-fukahori-nagasaki-bomb-survivor-dead-intl-hnk/index.html Shigemi Fukahori, who survived Nagasaki bombing and spent his life advocating for peace, dies at 93]</ref> *[[Guus Luijters]], 81, Dutch writer and journalist.<ref>[https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2025/01/03/guus-luijters-gaf-bijna-20000-gedeporteerde-en-vermoorde-kinderen-een-gezicht-a4878485 Guus Luijters gaf bijna 20.000 gedeporteerde en vermoorde kinderen een gezicht] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Mauro Morandi]], 89, Italian island hermit ([[Budelli]]).<ref>[https://www.giornaledellavela.com/2025/01/06/farewell-to-mauro-morandi-the-hermit-guardian-of-the-island-of-budelli/?lang=en Farewell to Mauro Morandi, the hermit “guardian” of the island of Budelli]</ref> *[[Jos Plas]], 94, Belgian cyclist.<ref>[https://www.ringtv.be/sport/ex-profwielrenner-jos-plas-94-uit-dilbeek-overleden Ex-profwielrenner Jos Plas (94) uit Dilbeek overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Tariana Turia|Dame Tariana Turia]], 80, New Zealand politician, [[New Zealand Parliament|MP]] (1996–2014) and [[minister for the Community and Voluntary Sector]] (2003–2004, 2008–2011), stroke.<ref>[https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/politics/te-pati-maori-co-founder-dame-tariana-turia-dies/XXDWZXIRAJE5ZEBGONKUQBHLKY/ Te Pāti Māori co-founder Dame Tariana Turia dies]</ref> *[[Brenton Wood]], 83, American singer ("[[The Oogum Boogum Song]]", "[[Gimme Little Sign]]").<ref>[https://www.tmz.com/2025/01/03/brenton-wood-dead-singer-oogum-boogum/ 'Oogum Boogum' Singer Brenton Wood Dead at 83]</ref> ===2=== *[[Jytte Abildstrøm]], 90, Danish actress (''[[Helle for Helene]]'', ''[[Don Olsen kommer til byen]]'', ''[[The Adventures of Picasso]]''), kidney disease.<ref>[https://underholdning.tv2.dk/kendte/2025-01-02-jytte-abildstroem-er-doed Jytte Abildstrøm er død] {{in lang|da}}</ref> *[[Pieter Hofstra]], 78, Dutch politician, [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|MP]] (1994-2006) and [[Senate (Netherlands)|Senator]] (2007-2011).<ref>[https://www.rtvnoord.nl/politiek/1254381/gronings-vvd-kamerlid-pieter-hofstra-78-overleden Gronings VVD-Kamerlid Pieter Hofstra (78) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> ===1=== *[[Meine Breemhaar]], 64, Dutch businessman and sports official, president of [[PEC Zwolle]] (2020-2025).<ref>[https://www.omroepflevoland.nl/nieuws/410378/meine-breemhaar-64-overleden-succesvol-vastgoedondernemer-en-sponsor-pec-zwolle Meine Breemhaar (64) overleden, succesvol vastgoedondernemer en sponsor PEC Zwolle] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Leo Dan]], 82, Argentine singer, composer and actor (''[[Story of a Poor Young Man (1968 movie)|Story of a Poor Young Man]]'', ''[[Cómo te extraño]]'').<ref>[https://caracol.com.co/2025/01/01/fallecio-leo-dan-cantante-y-compositor-argentino-a-sus-82-anos/ Luto en la música: Falleció Leo Dan, cantante y compositor argentino, a sus 82 años] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Nora Orlandi]], 91, Italian musician and film composer (''[[The Strange Vice of Mrs. Wardh]]'', ''[[Johnny Yuma (movie)|Johnny Yuma]]'', ''[[Clint the Stranger]]'').<ref>[https://www.spettakolo.it/2025/01/01/addio-a-nora-orlandi-aveva-91-anni/ Addio a Nora Orlandi, aveva 91 anni] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Wayne Osmond]], 73, American singer ([[The Osmonds]]) and songwriter ("[[Crazy Horses]]", "[[Let Me In (The Osmonds song)|Let Me In]]"), stroke.<ref>[https://kslnewsradio.com/2168326/wayne-osmond-dies-at-73-years-old/ Wayne Osmond dies at 73]</ref> *[[Vittorio Pomilio]], 93, Italian basketball player ([[Stella Azzurra Roma]], [[Italy men's national basketball team|national team]]).<ref>[https://www.rainews.it/tgr/abruzzo/articoli/2025/01/addio-a-vittorio-pomilio-francavilla-al-mare-chieti-abruzzo-basket-91f4a972-34e3-4854-b708-ea04ae0c6e4c.html Addio a Vittorio Pomilio] {{in lang|it}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *[https://www.theguardian.com/tone/obituaries ''The Guardian'' (UK) obituaries] *[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/ ''The Telegraph'' (UK) obituaries] *[http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/obituaries/ Obituaries, ''Chicago Tribune''] *[https://latimes.com/news/obituaries/ Obituaries, ''Los Angeles Times''] *[https://www.nytimes.com/pages/obituaries/index.html ''The New York Times'', obituaries] *[https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/obituaries/ ''The Washington Post'' obituaries] *[http://www.smh.com.au/obituaries ''The Sydney Morning Herald'' (Australia) obituaries] {{s-start}} {{s-bef|before=[[Deaths in 2024]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Deaths by year}} {{s-aft|after=[[Deaths in 2026]]}} {{s-end}} {{Deaths by month and year}} [[Category:2025 deaths|2025 deaths]] 9sshmgovdskj9fylhkfhef2doq7e0gy 10369386 10368274 2025-07-03T10:59:32Z 2A01:4B00:BC1A:300:5996:7C83:CB2:C4CA 10369386 wikitext text/x-wiki {{redlinks|date=May 2025}} The following is a list of notable deaths that happened in the year [[2025]]. Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by their last name, or [[pseudonym]]. Deaths of non-humans are also noted here, if worth noting. ==Criteria== Every entry [[Wikipedia:SOURCE|is backed by a source]]. Proper citations are used and no bare URLs so as to prevent link rot. The following are the requirements for adding a name to the list in its order: [[Name]], [[age]], origin, what the person is known for and his or her [[cause of death]] – if known – and a source for verification. {{TOC right}} ==July== ===Diogo Jota, 28, Liverpool FC Forward and Portugauese Player=== ===2=== *[[Agliberto Meléndez]], 82, [[Dominican Republic|Dominican]] film director (''[[One Way Ticket (1988 movie)|One Way Ticket]]'').<ref>[https://elnuevodiario.com.do/fallece-el-cineasta-agliberto-melendez-pionero-del-cine-dominicano/ Fallece el cineasta Agliberto Meléndez, pionero del cine dominicano] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Babu Meman]], 73, Zimbabwean cricketer ([[Shropshire County Cricket Club|Shropshire]], [[Zimbabwe national cricket team|national team]]).<ref>[https://africa.espn.com/cricket/story/_/id/45643984/former-zimbabwe-spinner-team-manager-meman-dies-73 Former Zimbabwe spinner and team manager Meman dies at 73]</ref> (death announced on this date) ===1=== *[[Florence Delay]], 84, French writer and actress (''[[The Trial of Joan of Arc]]'', ''[[Le Jouet criminel]]'', ''[[Écoute voir]]''), member of the [[Académie Française]].<ref>[https://www.academie-francaise.fr/actualites/deces-de-mme-florence-delay-f10 Décès de Mme Florence Delay (F10)] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Maureen Hingert]], 88, Sri Lankan actress (''[[Fort Bowie (movie)|Fort Bowie]]'', ''[[Gun Fever (movie)|Gun Fever]]'', ''[[The Adventures of Hiram Holliday]]'').<ref>[https://www.dailynews.lk/2025/07/01/admin-catagories/breaking-news/806671/sri-lankas-first-hollywood-starlet-and-miss-universe-finalist-passes-away-at-88/ Sri Lanka’s First Hollywood Starlet and Miss Universe Finalist, Passes Away at 88]</ref> (death announced on this date) ==June== ===30=== ===29=== * [[Andrew Cuomo]] 67 American Government *[[Sandy Gall]], 97, Scottish journalist and television presenter.<ref>[https://www.itv.com/news/2025-06-30/legendary-itv-news-presenter-sandy-gall-dies-aged-97 Legendary ITV News presenter Sandy Gall dies aged 97]</ref> ===28=== *[[Mabandla Dlamini]], 94, Swazi politician, [[List of prime ministers of Eswatini|prime minister]] (1979–1983).<ref>[https://www.swazilandnews.co.za/fundza.php?nguyiphi=9380 King Mswati’s Advisor and former Prime Minister Prince Mabandla dies,Spokesperson Percy Simelane says “he was the pillar of the Nation”]</ref> *[[Wayne Larkins]], 71, English cricketer ([[Northamptonshire County Cricket Club|Northamptonshire]], [[England cricket team|national team]]).<ref>[https://nccc.co.uk/news/remembering-wayne-larkins/ Remembering Wayne Larkins]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Dave Parker]], 74, American [[National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum|Hall of Fame]] baseball player ([[Cincinnati Reds]], [[Pittsburgh Pirates]], [[Oakland Athletics]]), [[World Series]] champion ([[1979 World Series|1979]], [[1989 World Series|1989]]), complications from Parkinson's disease.<ref>[https://www.wlwt.com/article/former-reds-player-dave-parker-dead-at-74/65236095 Former Reds player Dave Parker dead at 74]</ref> ===26=== *[[Rick Hurst]], 79, American actor (''[[The Dukes of Hazzard]]'', ''[[Steel Magnolias]]'', ''[[Earth Girls Are Easy]]'').<ref>[https://www.tmz.com/2025/06/26/dukes-of-hazzard-actor-richard-hurst-dead/ Richard Hurst, 'Dukes of Hazzard' Star, Dead at 79]</ref> *[[Takutai Tarsh Kemp]], New Zealand politician, [[New Zealand Parliament|MP]] (since 2023), kidney disease.<ref>[https://www.1news.co.nz/2025/06/26/te-pati-maori-mp-takutai-tarsh-kemp-dies/ Te Pāti Māori MP Takutai Tarsh Kemp dies]</ref> ===24=== *[[Guzh Manukyan]], 88, Armenian actor (''[[Nahapet]]'', ''[[The Song of the Old Days]]''), [[People's Artist of the Armenian SSR]] (1980).<ref>[https://arminfo.info/full_news.php?id=92528 Из жизни ушел выдающийся армянский актер Гуж Манукян] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[Bobby Sherman]], 81, American singer ("[[Easy Come, Easy Go]]", "[[Julie, Do Ya Love Me]]") and [[teen idol]], [[kidney cancer]].<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/music/news/bobby-sherman-dead-singer-actor-1236439296/ Bobby Sherman, Heartthrob Singer and TV Actor of the 1970s, Dies at 81]</ref>. *[[Alvaro Vitali]], 75, Italian actor (''[[Pierino colpisce ancora]]'', ''[[L'onorevole con l'amante sotto il letto]]'', ''[[Roma (1972 movie)|Roma]]''), bronchopneumonia.<ref>[https://www.ilmessaggero.it/en/remembering_alvaro_vitali-8917618.html Remembering Alvaro Vitali] {{in lang|it}}</ref> ===23=== *[[Dilip Doshi]], 77, Indian cricketer ([[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]], [[Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club|Nottinghamshire]], [[India national cricket team|national team]]), cardiac arrest.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/former-india-spinner-dilip-doshi-passes-away-at-77/articleshow/122031504.cms Former India spinner Dilip Doshi passes away at 77]</ref> *[[Lea Massari]], 91, Italian actress (''[[L'Avventura]]'', ''[[Murmur of the Heart]]'', ''[[Christ Stopped at Eboli (movie)|Christ Stopped at Eboli]]'').<ref>[https://www.adnkronos.com/spettacoli/addio-a-lea-massari-la-diva-discreta-del-cinema-italiano-aveva-91-anni_1sRjjco91VSOxBQXTqsWNN Addio a Lea Massari, la diva discreta del cinema italiano aveva 91 anni] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Mick Ralphs]], 81, English [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame| Hall of Fame]] guitarist ([[Mott the Hoople]], [[Bad Company]]) and songwriter ("[[Feel Like Makin' Love (Bad Company song)|Feel Like Makin' Love]]"), complications from a stroke.<ref>[https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/mick-ralphs-guitarist-bad-company-mott-the-hoople-dead-1235370273/ Mick Ralphs, Guitarist in Bad Company and Mott the Hoople, Dead at 81]</ref> (death announced on this date) ===21=== *[[David Lawrence (cricketer)|David Lawrence]], 61, English cricketer ([[Gloucestershire County Cricket Club|Gloucestershire]], [[England cricket team|national team]]), complications from motor neurone disease.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/jun/22/david-syd-lawrence-former-england-cricketer-dies-aged-61 David ‘Syd’ Lawrence, former England cricketer, dies aged 61]</ref> *[[Mikayla Raines]], 29, owner of charity [[SaveAFox Rescue]] and YouTube channel Saveafox<ref>{{Cite web|last=Producer|first=Stephen Swanson Web|last2=in 2011|first2=CBS Minnesota Stephen Swanson is a web producer at CBS News Minnesota Stephen was a floor director for a decade before moving to the WCCO-TV newsroom|last3=Swanson|first3=where he focuses on general assignment reporting Read Full Bio Stephen|date=2025-06-24|title=Mikayla Raines, founder of Minnesota's Save A Fox rescue, dies at 29, husband says - CBS Minnesota|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/mikayla-raines-dies-save-a-fox-rescue/|access-date=2025-06-24|website=www.cbsnews.com|language=en-US}}</ref> *[[Valentina Talyzina]], 90, Russian actress (''[[The Road to 'Saturn']]'', ''[[Zigzag of Success]]'', ''[[Afonya]]''), [[People's Artist of the RSFSR]] (1985).<ref>[https://161.ru/text/incidents/2025/06/21/75619511/ Ушла из жизни народная артистка Валентина Талызина. Ее голосом разговаривала и пела мама Дяди Федора из «Простоквашино»] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> ===20=== *[[Marita Camacho Quirós]], 114, Costa Rican supercentenarian, [[First ladies and gentlemen of Costa Rica|first lady]] (1962–1966).<ref>[https://longeviquest.com/2025/06/marita-camacho-quiros-oldest-costa-rican-on-record-dies-at-114/ Marita Camacho Quirós, Oldest Costa Rican on Record, Dies at 114]</ref> *[[Ian McLauchlan]], 83, Scottish rugby union player ([[Scotland national rugby union team|national team]], [[British & Irish Lions]]).<ref>[https://scottishrugby.org/obituary-ian-mclauchlan/ Obituary: Ian McLauchlan]</ref> ===19=== *[[Jack Betts]], 96, American actor (''[[Spider-Man (2002 movie)|Spider-Man]]'', ''[[Sugar Colt]]'', ''[[Gods and Monsters (movie)|Gods and Monsters]]'').<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jack-betts-dead-spider-man-spaghetti-westerns-hunt-powers-1236296256/ Jack Betts, Actor in Spaghetti Westerns and ‘Spider-Man,’ Dies at 96]</ref> *[[Gailard Sartain]], 78, American actor (''[[Hee Haw]]'', ''[[Ernest Saves Christmas]]'', ''[[Mississippi Burning]]'').<ref>[https://tulsaworld.com/life-entertainment/local/movies-tv/article_7295af07-d754-4a9e-86df-1b1938c5ae5e.html Tulsa actor and longtime 'Hee Haw' cast member Gailard Sartain dies]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Guido Tenesi]], 71, American ice hockey player ([[Hershey Bears]]) and actor (''[[Slap Shot (movie)|Slap Shot]]'').<ref>[https://nypost.com/2025/06/20/sports/slap-shot-actor-hershey-bears-hockey-player-guido-tenesi-dead-at-71/ ‘Slap Shot’ actor, hockey player Guido Tenesi dead at 71: ‘You’re forever a Chief’]</ref> ===18=== *[[Lou Christie]], 82, American singer-songwriter ("[[Lightnin' Strikes]]", "[[I'm Gonna Make You Mine (Lou Christie song)|I'm Gonna Make You Mine]]"), cancer.<ref>[https://bestclassicbands.com/lou-christie-lightnin-strikes-obituary-6-18-25/ Lou Christie, ‘Lightnin’ Strikes’ Singer, Dead at 82]</ref> *[[Natalya Tenyakova]], 80, Russian actress (''[[Love and Pigeons]]'', ''[[Older Sister]]'', ''[[A Frenchman]]'').<ref>[https://iz.ru/en/1905626/2025-06-18/peoples-artist-russian-federation-natalia-tenyakova-died-age-80 People's Artist of the Russian Federation Natalia Tenyakova died at the age of 80]</ref> ===17=== *[[Anne Burrell]], 55, American [[chef]] and [[television presenter]] (''Worst Cooks in America'').<ref>[https://www.msn.com/en-us/tv/news/anne-burrell-food-network-star-and-worst-cooks-in-america-host-dies-at-55/ar-AA1GUCHc?ocid=BingNewsSerp Anne Burrell, Food Network star and 'Worst Cooks in America' host, dies at 55]</ref> *[[Alfred Brendel]], 94, Austrian pianist living in London.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2025/06/17/alfred-brendel-le-pianiste-qui-tutoyait-beethoven-et-schubert-est-mort_6613911_3382.html|title=Alfred Brendel, le pianiste qui tutoyait Beethoven et Schubert, est mort|publisher=Le Monde|accessdate=17 June 2025|date=17 June 2025|language=French}}</ref> ===16=== *[[Ron Taylor (baseball)|Ron Taylor]], 87, Canadian baseball player ([[St. Louis Cardinals]], [[New York Mets]]) and team physician ([[Toronto Blue Jays]]), four-time [[World Series]] champion.<ref>[https://medicinehatnews.com/sports/national-sports/2025/06/16/ron-taylor-a-former-major-league-pitcher-and-longtime-blue-jays-doctor-dead-at-87/ Ron Taylor, a former major-league pitcher and longtime Blue Jays doctor, dead at 87]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Kim Woodburn]], 83, English television personality (''[[How Clean Is Your House?]]'')<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cd783228vvro Reality star Kim Woodburn dies at 83]</ref> *[[Manuel Zarzo]], 93, Spanish actor (''[[The Delinquents (1960 movie)|The Delinquents]]'', ''[[The Song of the Nightingale (movie)|The Song of the Nightingale]]'', ''[[My Love Is Called Margarita]]'').<ref>[https://www.g24.gal/-/morre-o-actor-manolo-zarzo-aos-93-anos Morre o actor Manolo Zarzo aos 93 anos] {{in lang|gl}}</ref> ===15=== ===14=== *[[Violeta Chamorro]], 95, Nicaraguan politician, [[President of Nicaragua|president]] (1990–1997), member of the [[Junta of National Reconstruction]] (1979–1980).<ref>[https://www.marketscreener.com/news/latest/Nicaragua-s-first-female-president-Chamorro-dies-at-95-50243718/ Nicaragua's first female president Chamorro dies at 95]</ref> *[[Kollangudi Karuppayee]], 99, Indian folk singer and actress (''[[Aan Paavam]]'', [[Gopala Gopala (1996 movie)|''Gopala Gopala'']], ''[[Kabadi Kabadi (2001 movie)|Kabadi Kabadi]]'').<ref>[https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/veteran-actress-and-folk-singer-kollangudi-karuppayi-passes-away-at-99-837031 Veteran actress and folk singer Kollangudi Karuppayi passes away at 99]</ref> *[[Topsy Küppers]], 93, Austrian actress (''[[Guitars of Love]]'', ''[[Three Girls from the Rhine]]''), singer, and writer.<ref>[https://oe1.orf.at/artikel/720487/Topsy-Kueppers-verstorben Topsy Küppers verstorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> (death announced on this date) ===13=== *[[Katerina Yioulaki]], 87, Greek actress (''[[The Dodger (movie)|The Dodger]]'', ''[[Oi kyries tis avlis]]'', ''[[Gia mia choufta Touristries]]'').<ref>[https://www.zougla.gr/politismos/pethane-i-katerina-gioulaki-se-ilikia-87-eton/ Πέθανε η Κατερίνα Γιουλάκη σε ηλικία 87 ετών] {{in lang|el}}</ref> ===12=== *[[Maurice Gee]], 93, New Zealand author (''[[Under the Mountain (novel)|Under the Mountain]]'', ''[[In My Father's Den]]'', ''[[Plumb (novel series)|Plumb]]''), [[Arts Foundation of New Zealand#Icon Award|AFNZ Icon]] (since 2003).<ref>[https://www.thepress.co.nz/nz-news/360724081/writer-maurice-gee-has-died ‘A remarkable legacy in New Zealand literature’ - writer Maurice Gee has died]</ref> *[[Clifton Jones]], 87, Jamaican-British actor (''[[Space: 1999]]'', ''[[Watership Down (movie)|Watership Down]]'', ''[[China Moon]]'').<ref>[https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/clifton-jones-space-1999-dead-newsupdate/ Clifton Jones – Space: 1999, The Professionals and Z-Cars actor – dies, aged 87]</ref> ===11=== *[[Ayumu Saito]], 60, Japanese actor (''[[Ju-On: The Grudge 2]]'', ''[[The Angel's Egg]]'', ''[[Journey Under the Midnight Sun]]''), [[urothelial carcinoma]].<ref>[https://www.htb.co.jp/news/archives_31910.html 訃報　斎藤歩さん（６０）死去　札幌在住の俳優・劇作家・演出家　北海道の演劇界を長くけん引] {{in lang|ja}}</ref> *[[Brian Wilson]], 82, American [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] musician ([[The Beach Boys]]), songwriter ("[[Good Vibrations]]"), and record producer (''[[Pet Sounds]]'').<ref>[https://apnews.com/article/brian-wilson-dies-beach-boys-2272762e46c46820a7af09ffc73cb9a6 Brian Wilson, Beach Boys visionary leader and summer’s poet laureate, dies at 82]</ref> (death announced on this date) ===10=== ===9=== *[[Frederick Forsyth]], 86, English novelist (''[[The Day of the Jackal]]'', ''[[The Odessa File]]'', ''[[The Fourth Protocol]]'').<ref>[https://apnews.com/article/frederick-forsyth-death-day-of-jackal-983275d4e161aa29e42dc09255c9c721 ‘Day of the Jackal’ author Frederick Forsyth dies at 86]</ref> *[[Partho Ghosh]], 75, Indian filmmaker (''[[100 Days (1991 movie)|100 Days]]'', ''[[Dalaal]]'', ''[[Agni Sakshi (1996 movie)|Agni Sakshi]]'').<ref>[https://ianslive.in/100-days-dalaal-director-partho-ghosh-passes-away--20250609100402 ‘100 Days’, 'Dalaal' director Partho Ghosh passes away]</ref> *[[Pik-Sen Lim]], 80, Malaysian-British actress (''[[Emergency Ward 10]]'', ''[[Mind Your Language]]'', ''[[Johnny English Reborn]]'').<ref>[https://www.malaymail.com/news/showbiz/2025/06/13/malaysian-born-actress-pik-sen-lim-known-for-roles-in-mind-your-language-doctor-who-and-johnny-english-reborn-dies-at-80/180215 Malaysian-born actress Pik-Sen Lim, known for roles in ‘Mind Your Language’, ‘Doctor Who’ and ‘Johnny English Reborn’, dies at 80]</ref> *[[Sly Stone]], 82, American [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] musician ([[Sly and the Family Stone]]) and songwriter ("[[Everyday People]]", "[[Family Affair (Sly and the Family Stone song)|Family Affair]]"), [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|COPD]].<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/music/news/sly-stone-dead-funk-rock-pioneer-family-stone-1236423831/ Sly Stone, Funk-Rock Pioneer Who Led the Family Stone, Dies at 82]</ref> ===8=== *[[Ewa Dałkowska]], 78, Polish actress (''[[Nights and Days]]'', ''[[Without Anesthesia]]'', ''[[A Year of the Quiet Sun]]'').<ref>[https://rozrywka.dorzeczy.pl/738075/ewa-dalkowska-nie-zyje-wybitna-aktorka-miala-78-lat.html Nie żyje wybitna aktorka. Miała 78 lat] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> *[[Vladimír Smutný]], 82, Czech cinematographer (''[[Forbidden Dreams]]'', ''[[Kolya]]'', ''[[The Painted Bird (movie)|The Painted Bird]]'').<ref>[https://english.radio.cz/renowned-czech-cameraman-vladimir-smutny-dies-82-8853372 Renowned Czech cameraman Vladimír Smutný dies at 82]</ref> *[[Stu Wilson]], 70, New Zealand rugby union player ([[Wellington Rugby Football Union|Wellington]], [[New Zealand national rugby union team|national team]]).<ref>[https://www.planetrugby.com/news/all-blacks-and-wellington-legend-dies-as-wallabies-great-pays-tribute-to-great-mate All Blacks and Wellington legend dies as Wallabies great pays tribute to ‘try-scoring machine’]</ref> ===7=== ===6=== *[[Marise Wipani]], 61, New Zealand beauty pageant contestant, actor (''[[Came a Hot Friday]]'', ''[[List of Shortland Street characters introduced in 2008|Shortland Street]]''), and television presenter (''[[Lotto New Zealand|Lotto]]'').<ref>[https://www.stuff.co.nz/culture/360715678/actor-and-former-lotto-host-marise-wipani-has-died Actor and former Lotto host Marise Wipani has died]</ref> ===5=== *[[Wayne Lewis (singer-songwriter)|Wayne Lewis]], 68, American singer ([[Atlantic Starr]]) and songwriter ("[[Always (Atlantic Starr song)|Always]]", "[[Secret Lovers]]").<ref>[https://soultracks.com/news-wayne-lewis-atlantic-starr-dies/ Wayne Lewis, legendary co-founder of Atlantic Starr, dies at 68]</ref> *[[Edgar Lungu]], 68, Zambian politician, [[President of Zambia|president]] (2015–2021), [[Ministry of Defence (Zambia)|minister of defence]] (2013–2015) and [[National Assembly of Zambia|MLA]] (2011–2015), complications from surgery.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cn4gp07y3xmo Former Zambian President Lungu dies aged 68]</ref> ===4=== *[[Nicole Croisille]], 88, French singer and actress (''[[Erotissimo]]'', ''[[Les Uns et les Autres]]'', ''[[There Were Days... and Moons]]'').<ref>[https://www.franceinfo.fr/culture/la-chanteuse-nicole-croisille-est-morte-a-l-age-de-88-ans_7290819.html La chanteuse Nicole Croisille est morte à l'âge de 88 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Pietro Ghislandi]], 68, Italian actor (''[[È arrivato mio fratello]]'', ''[[The Invisible Wall (1991 movie)|The Invisible Wall]]'', ''[[Vajont (movie)|Vajont]]'') and ventriloquist.<ref>[https://www.ilmattino.it/en/remembering_pietro_ghislandi-8877593.html Remembering Pietro Ghislandi]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Philippe Labro]], 88, French film director (''[[Without Apparent Motive]]'', ''[[The Inheritor]]'', ''[[L'Alpagueur]]''), writer, and journalist, cancer.<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2025/06/04/philippe-labro-journaliste-et-ecrivain-est-mort-a-l-age-88-ans_6610450_3246.html Philippe Labro, journaliste et écrivain, est mort à l’âge 88 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Enzo Staiola]], 85, Italian child actor (''[[Bicycle Thieves]]'', ''[[The White Line (1950 movie)|The White Line]]'', ''[[Buon viaggio pover'uomo]]'').<ref>[https://www.repubblica.it/spettacoli/cinema/2025/06/04/news/morto_enzo_staiola_bambino_de_sica_ladri_di_biciclette-424648670/ Morto Enzo Staiola, il bambino scelto da Vittorio De Sica per “Ladri di Biciclette”] {{in lang|it}}</ref> ===3=== *[[Samiha Ayoub]], 93, Egyptian actress (''[[Among the Ruins]]'').<ref>[https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/140546/Legendary-Egyptian-Actress-Samiha-Ayoub-Passes-Away-at-93 Legendary Egyptian Actress Samiha Ayoub Passes Away at 93]</ref> ===2=== *[[Birgit Carlstén]], 75, Swedish singer and actress (''[[The Sacrifice (1986 movie)|The Sacrifice]]'').<ref>[https://swedenherald.com/article/actress-and-director-birgit-carlstn-dies-at-75 Actress and Director Birgit Carlstén Passes Away at 75]</ref> *[[Pierre Nora]], 93, French historian.<ref>https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2025/06/02/l-historien-pierre-nora-est-mort_6610257_3382.html?lmd_medium=al&lmd_campaign=envoye-par-appli&lmd_creation=android&lmd_source=default</ref> ===1=== *[[Jonathan Joss]], 59, American actor (''[[King of the Hill]]'', ''[[Parks and Recreation]]'', ''[[The Magnificent Seven (2016 movie)|The Magnificent Seven]]''), shot.<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/tv/obituaries-people-news/jonathan-joss-dead-king-of-the-hill-shooting-1236415703/ Jonathan Joss, ‘King of the Hill’ Actor Who Voiced John Redcorn, Dies in Shooting at 59]</ref> *[[Ilselil Larsen]], 90, Danish actress (''[[Det gælder os alle]]'', ''[[The Child (1940 movie)|The Child]]'', ''[[Love Wins Out]]'').<ref>[https://ekstrabladet.dk/underholdning/dkkendte/tidligere-skuespiller-ilselil-larsen-er-doed/10841736 Tidligere skuespiller Ilselil Larsen er død] {{in lang|da}}</ref> *[[Monica Nielsen]], 87, Swedish actress (''[[Varuhuset]]'', ''[[The Princess (1966 movie)|The Princess]]'', ''[[The Girl in the Rain (1955 movie)|The Girl in the Rain]]'').<ref>[https://www.expressen.se/noje/skadespelaren-monica-nielsen-ar-dod/ Skådespelaren Monica Nielsen är död] {{in lang|sv}}</ref> ==May== ===31=== *[[Robert Anderson (New Zealand cricketer)|Robert Anderson]], 76, New Zealand cricketer ([[Otago cricket team|Otago]], [[Central Districts cricket team|Central Districts]], [[New Zealand national football team|national team]]).<ref>[https://www.cdcricket.co.nz/newsarticle/154035/ Vale, Robert 'Jumbo' Anderson]</ref> ===30=== *[[Étienne-Émile Baulieu]], 98, French scientist.<ref>https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2025/05/30/etienne-emile-baulieu-pere-de-la-pilule-abortive-est-mort-a-l-age-de-98-ans_6609348_3382.html?lmd_medium=al&lmd_campaign=envoye-par-appli&lmd_creation=android&lmd_source=default</ref> *[[Prentis Hancock]], 83, British actor (''[[Space: 1999]]'', ''[[Doctor Who]]'').<ref>[https://www.doctorwhonews.net/2025/06/prentis_hancock_1942_2025.html Prentis Hancock 1942-2025]</ref> *[[Loretta Swit]], 87, American actress.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c20qzlxz1w0o</ref> ===29=== *[[David Trist]], 77, New Zealand cricketer ([[Canterbury cricket team|Canterbury]]) and cricket coach ([[Eastern Province (cricket team)|Eastern Province]], [[New Zealand national cricket team|national team]]).<ref>[https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/sport/562651/former-black-caps-coach-david-trist-dies Former Black Caps coach David Trist dies]</ref> ===28=== ===27=== *[[Choi Jung-woo]], 68, South Korean actor (''[[Like a Virgin (movie)|Like a Virgin]]'', ''[[City Hunter (TV series)|City Hunter]]'', ''[[Doctor Stranger]]'').<ref>[https://www.koreaboo.com/news/city-hunter-doctor-stranger-actor-choi-jung-woo-passed-away/ “City Hunter” And “Doctor Stranger” Actor Choi Jung Woo Has Passed Away]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Vasily Funtikov]], 62, Russian actor (''[[Tuning Fork (movie)|Tuning Fork]]'', ''[[Presumption of Innocence (movie)|Presumption of Innocence]]'', ''[[The Sisters Liberty]]'').<ref>[https://www.rbc.ru/society/27/05/2025/6835ce8d9a7947fa3fe1ab4e Умер актер Василий Фунтиков, сыгравший роль Кроша] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> ===26=== *[[Monna Tandberg]], 85, Norwegian actress (''[[Victoria L]]'', ''[[Drømmeslottet]]'', ''[[Bryllupsfesten]]'').<ref>[https://www.vg.no/rampelys/i/0Vd6xo/monna-tandberg-er-doed Monna Tandberg er død] {{in lang|no}}</ref> *[[Marie Tomášová]], 96, Czech actress (''[[Anna Proletářka]]'', ''[[Jan Hus (1954 movie)|Jan Hus]]'', ''[[September Nights]]'').<ref>[https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/kultura-filmy-serialy-zemrela-herecka-marie-tomasova-40522628 Zemřela herečka Marie Tomášová] {{in lang|cs}}</ref> ===25=== ===24=== *[[Malini Fonseka]], 78, Sri Lankan actress (''[[Pilot Premnath]]'', ''[[Bambaru Avith]]'', ''[[Beddegama (movie)|Beddegama]]'') and politician, [[Member of Parliament (Sri Lanka)|MP]] (2010–2015).<ref>[https://adaderana.lk/news.php?nid=108815 ‘Queen of Sri Lankan Cinema’, Malini Fonseka passes away]</ref> *[[Piro Milkani]], 85, Albanian film director (''[[The Lady from the City]]'', ''[[The Sorrow of Mrs. Schneider]]''), [[People's Artist (Albania)|People's Artist of Albania]].<ref>[https://www.voxnews.al/english/aktualitet/kinematografia-shqiptare-ne-zi-ndahet-nga-jeta-regjisori-i-shquar-pir-i92654 Albanian cinematography in mourning, the prominent director Piro Milkani passes away]</ref> *[[Marcel Ophuls]], 97, French filmmaker (''[[The Sorrow and the Pity]]'', ''[[Hotel Terminus: The Life and Times of Klaus Barbie]]'').<ref>[https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20250526-oscar-winning-french-documentary-filmmaker-marcel-ophuls Oscar winning French documentary filmmaker Marcel Ophuls dies at 97]</ref> *[[Teresita Reyes]], 75, Chilean actress (''[[Sussi (movie)|Sussi]]'', ''[[The Toast (movie)|The Toast]]'', ''[[Santos (movie)|Santos]]''), cancer.<ref>[https://www.tvn.cl/noticias/actualidad/fallece-la-destacada-actriz-chilena-teresita-reyes Fallece la destacada actriz chilena Teresita Reyes a sus 75 años] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ===23=== *[[Mukul Dev]], 54, Indian actor (''[[Dastak (1996 movie)|Dastak]]'', ''[[Yamla Pagla Deewana]]'', ''[[Son of Sardaar]]'').<ref>[https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/actor-mukul-dev-passes-away-54/ Actor Mukul Dev passes away at 54]</ref> *[[Mohammed Lakhdar-Hamina]], 91, Algerian film director (''[[Chronicle of the Years of Fire]]'', ''[[Sandstorm (1982 movie)|Sandstorm]]'', ''[[The Last Image]]'') and screenwriter.<ref>[https://www.lefigaro.fr/culture/deces-du-producteur-algerien-mohamed-lakhdar-hamina-laureat-de-la-palme-d-or-en-1975-20250523 Décès du producteur algérien Mohamed Lakhdar Hamina, lauréat de la Palme d'or en 1975] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> ===22=== *[[Alfredo Palacio]], 86, Ecuadorian cardiologist and politician, [[President of Ecuador|president]] (2005–2007) and [[Vice President of Ecuador|vice president]] (2003–2005).<ref>[https://confirmado.net/fallecio-el-expresidente-alfredo-palacio-medico-y-exmandatario-ecuatoriano-a-los-86-anos/ Falleció el expresidente Alfredo Palacio, médico y exmandatario ecuatoriano, a los 86 años] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ===21=== ===20=== *[[Michael Roemer]], 97, American film director and screenwriter (''[[Nothing but a Man]]'', ''[[The Plot Against Harry]]'', ''[[Dying (1976 movie)|Dying]]'').<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/24/movies/michael-roemer-dead.html Michael Roemer, Maker of Acclaimed but Little-Seen Films, Dies at 97]</ref> *[[George Wendt]], 76, American actor (''[[Cheers]]'', ''[[Forever Young (1992 movie)|Forever Young]]'', "[[Bill Swerski's Superfans]]").<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/tv/obituaries-people-news/george-wendt-dead-cheers-1236404992/ George Wendt, Who Played Norm on ‘Cheers,’ Dies at 76]</ref> ===19=== *[[Aurora Clavel]], 88, Mexican actress (''[[Tarahumara (cada vez más lejos)|Tarahumara]]'', ''[[Once Upon a Scoundrel]]'', ''[[Mariana de la noche (Mexican TV series)|Mariana de la Noche]]'').<ref>[https://www.elimparcial.com/espectaculos/2025/05/19/muere-la-actriz-aurora-clavel-a-los-88-anos/ Muere la actriz Aurora Clavel a los 88 años] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Kathleen Hughes]], 96, American actress (''[[It Came from Outer Space]]'', ''[[The Glass Web]]'', ''[[The Golden Blade]]'').<ref>[https://extratv.com/2025/05/20/kathleen-hughes-scream-it-came-outer-space-obituary/ Kathleen Hughes, Iconic Scream Queen of 'It Came from Outer Space,' Dies at 96]</ref> ===18=== ===17=== *[[Gawn Grainger]], 87, Scottish actor (''[[Doctor Who]]'') and writer.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2025/may/20/actor-gawn-grainger-dies-aged-87-zoe-wanamaker Actor and writer Gawn Grainger dies aged 87]</ref> *[[Franco Merli]], 68, Italian actor (''[[Arabian Nights (1974 film)|Arabian Nights]]'', ''[[Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom]]'', ''[[Down and Dirty (movie)|Down and Dirty]]''). *[[Roger Nichols (songwriter)|Roger Nichols]], 84, American songwriter ("[[We've Only Just Begun]]", "[[Times of Your Life]]") and composer.<ref>[https://theseconddisc.com/2025/05/21/in-memoriam-roger-nichols-1940-2025/ In Memoriam: Roger Nichols (1940-2025)]</ref> *[[Zhu Yuanyuan]], 51, Chinese actress (''[[Ocean Heaven]]'', ''[[Lost in Hong Kong]]'', ''[[Sister (2021 movie)|Sister]]''), cancer.<ref>[https://www.guancha.cn/politics/2025_05_21_776616.shtml 演员朱媛媛去世，年仅51岁] {{in lang|zh}}</ref> ===16=== *[[Meta Velander]], 100, Swedish actress (''[[Honeymoon (1972 movie)|Honeymoon]]'', ''[[Dear Alice]]'', ''[[Marmalade Revolution]]'').<ref>[https://www.expressen.se/noje/film/skadespelaren-meta-velander-ar-dod--blev-100-ar/ Skådespelaren Meta Velander är död – blev 100 år] {{in lang|sv}}</ref> ===15=== *[[Kostas Lychnaras]], 86, Greek film director (''[[Christ Recrucified (TV series)|Christ Recrucified]]'', ''[[Konstantinou kai Elenis]]'', ''[[To kafe tis Charas]]'').<ref>[https://www.iefimerida.gr/politismos/pethane-o-skinothetis-kostas-lyhnaras Πέθανε σε ηλικία 86 ετών ο Κώστας Λυχναράς -Σκηνοθέτης των «Κωνσταντίνου και Ελένης» και «Το καφέ της Χαράς»] {{in lang|el}}</ref> ===14=== *[[Cornal Hendricks]], 37, South African rugby player ([[Bulls (rugby union)|Bulls]], [[Boland Cavaliers]], [[South Africa national rugby union team|national team]]), heart attack.<ref>[https://www.citizen.co.za/rekord/sports-news/local-sports/2025/05/14/shock-and-disbelief-in-rugby-community-after-sudden-death-of-cornal-hendricks/ Shock and disbelief in rugby community after sudden death of Cornal Hendricks]</ref> ===13=== *[[José Mujica]], 89, Uruguayan politician (president of Uruguay from 2010 to 2015), oesophagus cancer.<ref>https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2025/05/13/jose-pepe-mujica-ancien-president-de-l-uruguay-et-grande-voix-de-l-amerique-latine-est-mort_6605847_3382.html?lmd_medium=al&lmd_campaign=envoye-par-appli&lmd_creation=android&lmd_source=default</ref> *[[Leila Negra]], 95, German singer and actress (''[[Münchhausen (1943 movie)|Münchhausen]]'', ''[[The Star of Rio (1955 movie)|The Star of Rio]]'', ''[[Salto Mortale (1953 movie)|Salto Mortale]]'').<ref>[https://www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de/ueberlebende-der-ns-verfolgung-zum-tod-der-schwarzen-kuenstlerin-marie-nejar-100.html Schwarze Zeitzeugin der NS-Zeit ist tot] {{in lang|de}}</ref> ===12=== ===11=== *[[Robert Benton]], 92, American film director (''[[Kramer vs. Kramer]]'', ''[[Places in the Heart]]'') and screenwriter (''[[Bonnie and Clyde (movie)|Bonnie and Clyde]]''), [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] winner ([[52nd Academy Awards|1980]], [[57th Academy Awards|1985]]).<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2025/may/13/robert-benton-director-dead Robert Benton, Oscar-winning director of Kramer vs Kramer, dies aged 92]</ref> *[[John Edwards (singer)|John Edwards]], 80, American [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] singer ([[The Spinners]]).<ref>[https://soultracks.com/news-john-edwards-lead-singer-of-the-spinners-dies-at-80/ John Edwards, lead singer of the Spinners, dies at 80]</ref> *[[Arjun Menon (coach)|Arjun Menon]], 48, Singaporean cricket player ([[Singapore national cricket team|national team]]) and coach ([[Chile national cricket team|Chile]], [[Malawi national cricket team|Malawi]]).<ref>[https://www.straitstimes.com/sport/former-singapore-cricketer-and-coach-arjun-menon-dies-in-malawi Former Singapore cricketer and coach Arjun Menon dies in Malawi]</ref> ===10=== *[[Bob Cowper]], 84, Australian test cricketer.<ref>[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-05-11/australian-cricket-bob-cowper-dies-age-84/105279410 Australian Test cricketer Bob Cowper dies aged 84]</ref> *[[Larry Lee (musician, born 1947)|Larry Lee]], 78, American musician ([[The Ozark Mountain Daredevils]]) and songwriter ("[[Jackie Blue (song)|Jackie Blue]]").<ref>[https://www.gormanscharpf.com/obituary/larry-lee Larry Michael Lee]</ref> ===9=== *[[Fred Graham (sculptor)|Fred Graham]], 96, New Zealand rugby union player ([[Māori All Blacks|New Zealand Māori]]) and artist, [[Arts Foundation of New Zealand#Icon Award|AFNZ Icon]] (since 2018).<ref>[https://thebigidea.nz/stories/arts-icon-fred-graham-passes-away Arts Icon Fred Graham Passes Away]</ref> ===8=== *[[Jiří Bartoška]], 78, Czech actor (''[[Sekal Has to Die]]'', ''[[All My Loved Ones]]'', ''[[Angel of the Lord (movie)|Angel of the Lord]]''), president of the [[Karlovy Vary International Film Festival]].<ref>[https://english.radio.cz/actor-and-president-karlovy-vary-film-festival-jiri-bartoska-dies-78-8850508 Actor and president of Karlovy Vary Film Festival Jiří Bartoška dies at 78]</ref> *[[James Foley (director)|James Foley]], 71, American film director (''[[Glengarry Glen Ross (movie)|Glengarry Glen Ross]]'', ''[[Who's That Girl (1987 movie)|Who's That Girl]]'', ''[[Fifty Shades Darker (movie)|Fifty Shades Darker]]''), brain cancer.<ref>[https://www.thewrap.com/james-foley-dies-obit-fifty-shades-of-grey-sequels-director/ James Foley, Director of ‘Glengarry Glen Ross’ and ‘Fifty Shades of Grey’ Sequels, Dies at 71]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Josaia Raisuqe]], 30, Fijian rugby union footballer ([[Stade Français]], [[USON Nevers|Nevers]], [[Fiji national rugby sevens team|Fiji 7s]]), traffic collision.<ref>[https://www.rugbypass.com/news/fiji-international-josaia-raisuqe-dies-aged-30/ Fiji international Josaia Raisuqe dies aged 30]</ref> ===7=== *[[Cleopa Msuya]], 94, Tanzanian politician, [[Prime Minister of Tanzania|prime minister]] (1980–1983, 1994–1995) and [[Vice-President of Tanzania|first vice president]] (1990–1995), heart failure. ===6=== *[[Bill McCaw]], 97, New Zealand rugby player ([[Rugby Southland|Southland]], [[New Zealand national rugby union team|national team]]).<ref>[https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/360679739/bill-mccaw-who-was-oldest-living-all-black-dies-aged-97 Bill McCaw, who was the oldest living All Black, dies aged 97]</ref> ===5=== ===4=== *[[Aleftina Evdokimova]], 85, Russian actress (''[[Tender Age (1983 movie)|Tender Age]]'', ''[[Let the Charms Last Long]]'', ''[[Courier (movie)|Courier]]'').<ref>[https://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/6817348c9a7947da26c06c9c Умерла народная артистка Алефтина Евдокимова] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> ===3=== ===2=== *[[Ricky Davao]], 63, Filipino actor (''[[Ang Padrino]]'', ''[[Kung Aagawin Mo ang Lahat sa Akin (movie)|Kung Aagawin Mo ang Lahat sa Akin]]'') and television director (''[[!Oka Tokat]]'').<ref>[https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2025/05/02/2440022/viva-confirms-ricky-davao-dead-63 Viva confirms Ricky Davao dead, 63]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Jean-François Davy]], 79, French film director (''[[Bananes mécaniques]]'', ''[[Surprise Sock]]'') and producer.<ref>[https://www.francetvinfo.fr/culture/cinema/jean-francois-davy-realisateur-et-producteur-de-films-pornographiques-est-mort-a-l-age-de-79-ans_7224093.html Jean-François Davy, réalisateur et producteur de films pornographiques, est mort à l'âge de 79 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Bob Jones (businessman)|Sir Bob Jones]], 85, New Zealand property investor and politician.<ref>[https://www.odt.co.nz/star-news/star-national/high-profile-businessman-sir-bob-jones-dies High-profile businessman Sir Bob Jones dies]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Alessandro Quasimodo]], 82, Italian actor (''[[The Seventh Floor (1967 movie)|The Seventh Floor]]'', ''[[A Milanese Story]]''), theater director and poet.<ref>[https://www.ragusanews.com/attualita-milano-e-morto-alessandro-quasimodo-figlio-di-salvatore-206270 E' morto Alessandro Quasimodo] {{in lang|it}}</ref> ===1=== *[[Jill Sobule]], 66, American singer-songwriter ("[[I Kissed a Girl (Jill Sobule song)|I Kissed a Girl]]", "[[Supermodel (Jill Sobule song)|Supermodel]]"), house fire.<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/music/news/jill-sobule-i-kissed-a-girl-dead-1236384525/ Jill Sobule, Singer-Songwriter of Groundbreaking 1995 Song ‘I Kissed a Girl,’ Killed in House Fire]</ref> ==April== ===30=== *[[Park Hee-gon]], 56, South Korean film director (''[[Insadong Scandal]]'', ''[[Perfect Game (2011 movie)|Perfect Game]]'', ''[[Fengshui (2018 movie)|Fengshui]]'').<ref>[https://biz.chosun.com/en/en-entertainment/2025/04/30/GHB2VXUI3FB6FGLS2WIY4A5PIQ/ Director Park Hee-gon, acclaimed for 'Perfect Game,' dies at age 56]</ref> *[[Jules Wijdenbosch]], 83, Surinamese politician, [[List of prime ministers of Suriname|prime minister]] (1987–1988) and [[President of Suriname|president]] (1996–2000).<ref>[https://keynews.sr/voormalig-president-jules-wijdenbosch-overleden/ Voormalig president Jules Wijdenbosch overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> ===29=== ===28=== *[[Shaji N. Karun]], 73, Indian film director (''[[Piravi]]'', ''[[Swaham]]'', ''[[Vanaprastham]]'').<ref>[https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/04/28/shaji-n-karun-filmmaker-hat-trick-tryst-with-cannes-film-festival.html Shaji N Karun: A filmmaker's hat-trick tryst with Cannes]</ref> *[[Aleksey Krychenkov]], 83, Russian actor (''[[The Girls (1961 movie)|The Girls]]'', ''[[Director (1969 movie)|Director]]'').<ref>[https://teatrarmii.ru/news/UshelizzhiznizasluzhennyyartistRossiyskoyFederatsiiAlekseyFyedorovichKrychenkov/ Ушел из жизни заслуженный артист Российской Федерации Алексей Фёдорович Крыченков] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[Priscilla Pointer]], 100, American actress (''[[Carrie (1976 movie)|Carrie]]'', ''[[Mommie Dearest (movie)|Mommie Dearest]]'', ''[[Blue Velvet (movie)|Blue Velvet]]'').<ref>[https://playbill.com/article/actor-priscilla-pointer-has-died-at-100 Actor Priscilla Pointer Has Died at 100]</ref> ===27=== *[[Cora Sue Collins]], 98, American actress (''[[The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1938 movie)|The Adventures of Tom Sawyer]]'', ''[[Anna Karenina (1935 movie)|Anna Karenina]]'', ''[[The Unexpected Father]]''), complications from a stroke.<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/cora-sue-collins-dead-child-actress-mgm-1236202858/ Cora Sue Collins, Celebrated Child Actress at MGM in the 1930s, Dies at 98]</ref> ===26=== ===25=== *[[Philip Lowrie]], 88, English actor (''[[Coronation Street]]'', ''[[Victoria Wood (1989 TV series)|Victoria Wood]]'', [[Home Fires (British TV series)|''Home Fires'']]).<ref>[https://www.itv.com/news/2025-04-26/philip-lowrie-one-of-corries-original-stars-dies-aged-88-publicist-says Philip Lowrie, one of Coronation Street’s original stars, dies aged 88, publicist says]</ref> *[[Lupita Torrentera]], 93, Mexican actress (''[[Historia de un gran amor]]'', ''[[Coqueta (1949 movie)|Coqueta]]'').<ref>[https://www.latintimes.com/legendary-mexican-actress-pedro-infante-girlfriend-lupita-torrentera-dead-93-581763 Legendary Mexican Actress and Pedro Infante Girlfriend Lupita Torrentera Dead at 93]</ref> ===24=== *[[Steve Kiner]], 77, American [[College Football Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] football player ([[Dallas Cowboys]], [[New England Patriots]], [[Houston Oilers]]).<ref>[https://www.nbcsports.com/nfl/profootballtalk/rumor-mill/news/former-cowboys-patriots-oilers-lb-steve-kiner-dies-at-77 Former Cowboys, Patriots, Oilers LB Steve Kiner dies at 77]</ref> *[[Roy Phillips]], 83, British musician ([[The Peddlers]]).<ref>[https://www.audioculture.co.nz/profile/roy-phillips Roy Phillips]</ref> ===23=== *[[Eugène Koffi Adoboli]], 90, Togolese politician, [[List of prime ministers of Togo|prime minister]] (1999–2000).<ref>[https://www.republicoftogo.com/toutes-les-rubriques/politique/eugene-koffi-adoboli-est-decede Eugène Koffi Adoboli est décédé] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Chris Cauwenberghs]], 78, Belgian actor (''[[Hector (1987 movie)|Hector]]'', ''[[Koko Flanel]]'', ''[[Thuis]]''), complications from heart failure.<ref>[https://www.hln.be/showbizz/acteur-chris-cauwenberghs-78-bekend-als-kabouter-lui-overleden-hij-bracht-generaties-kinderen-vreugde~a3bd7cee/ Acteur Chris Cauwenberghs (78), bekend als Kabouter Lui, overleden: “Hij bracht generaties kinderen vreugde”] {{in lang|NL-be}}</ref> *[[Waltraut Haas]], 97, Austrian actress (''[[Der Hofrat Geiger]]'', ''[[Mariandl]]'', ''[[The White Horse Inn (1960 movie)|The White Horse Inn]]'').<ref>[https://wien.orf.at/stories/3302345/ Waltraut Haas verstorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Fouad Mebazaa]], 91, Tunisian politician, [[Speaker of the Assembly of the Representatives of the People|speaker of the Chamber of Deputies]] (1997–2011) and acting [[President of Tunisia|president]] (2011).<ref>[https://lapresse.tn/2025/04/23/tunisie-deces-de-fouad-mebazaa/ Tunisie: Décès de Fouad Mebazaa] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Keith Stackpole]], 84, Australian cricketer ([[Victoria cricket team|Victoria]]).<ref>[https://www.3aw.com.au/jon-anderson-breaks-the-sad-news-of-former-cricketer-keith-stackpoles-death/ Jon Anderson breaks the sad news of former cricketer Keith Stackpole’s death]</ref> (death announced on this date) ===22=== *[[Erik Ruus]], 62, Estonian actor (''[[The Birdwatcher]]'', ''[[Firewater (movie)|Firewater]]'', ''[[All My Lenins]]'').<ref>[https://virumaateataja.postimees.ee/8234889/lahkunud-on-rakvere-teatri-kauaaegne-naitleja-erik-ruus Lahkunud on Rakvere teatri kauaaegne näitleja Erik Ruus] {{in lang|et}}</ref> ===21=== *[[Pope Francis]], 88, head of the Catholic church, stroke and heart failure.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/live/crknlnzlrzdt</ref> *[[Johanna Matz]], 92, Austrian actress (''[[Hannerl]]'', ''[[Die Jungfrau auf dem Dach]]'', ''[[The White Horse Inn (1952 movie)|The White Horse Inn]]'').<ref>[https://apa.at/news/schauspielerin-johanna-matz-92-jaehrig-gestorben/ Schauspielerin Johanna Matz 92-jährig gestorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> ===20=== *[[Kimble Rendall]], 67–68, Australian musician ([[XL Capris]], [[Hoodoo Gurus]]) and film director (''[[Guardians of the Tomb]]'').<ref>[https://www.noise11.com/news/hoodoo-gurus-founding-member-kimble-rendall-has-passed-away-20250421 Hoodoo Gurus Founding Member Kimble Rendall Has Passed Away]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Noreen Young]], 85, Canadian puppeteer (''[[Under the Umbrella Tree]]'', ''[[Sesame Park]]''), stroke.<ref>[https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/renowned-canadian-puppeteer-noreen-young-dies-at-85-1.7513889 Renowned Canadian puppeteer Noreen Young dies at 85]</ref> (death announced on this date) ===19=== ===18=== *[[Rudolf Pankov]], 87, Russian actor (''[[Michman Panin]]'', ''[[Blasted Hell]]'', ''[[Talents and Admirers (movie)|Talents and Admirers]]'') and voice actor.<ref>[https://tass.ru/kultura/23722353 Умер актер дубляжа Рудольф Панков] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[Clodagh Rodgers]], 78, Irish singer ("[[Come Back and Shake Me]]", "[[Jack in the Box (song)|Jack in the Box]]").<ref>[https://www.oe24.at/leute/eurovision-legende-clodagh-rodgers-ist-gestorben/630716897 Eurovision-Legende Clodagh Rodgers ist gestorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Julieta Szönyi]], 75, Romanian actress (''[[Felix și Otilia]]'', ''[[Toate pînzele sus]]'').<ref>[https://historia.ro/sectiune/actualitate/adnana-din-toate-panzele-sus-a-murit-actrita-2437362.html Adnana din „Toate pânzele sus” a murit. Actrița Julieta Szönyi avea 75 de ani] {{in lang|ro}}</ref> ===17=== *[[Roger McLachlan]], 71, New Zealand-born Australian bass guitarist ([[Little River Band]]), pancreatic cancer.<ref>[https://www.noise11.com/news/little-river-band-co-founder-roger-mclachlan-dies-at-age-71-20250417 Little River Band Co-Founder Roger McLachlan Dies At Age 71]</ref> (death announced on this date) ===16=== *[[Patrick Adiarte]], 81, Filipino-American actor (''[[The King and I (1956 movie)|The King and I]]'', ''[[High Time (movie)|High Time]]'', ''[[Flower Drum Song (movie)|Flower Drum Song]]'').<ref>[https://extratv.com/2025/04/16/patrick-adiarte-dancer-king-flower-drum-song-obituary/ Patrick Adiarte, Legendary 'The King and I' Dancer & 'Brady Bunch' Guest, Dies at 81]</ref> *[[Nora Aunor]], 71, Filipino actress (''[[Tatlong Taong Walang Diyos]]'', ''[[Trap (2015 movie)|Trap]]'', ''[[Hustisya]]'') and singer.<ref>[https://www.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/showbiz/celebrities/2025/4/16/nora-aunor-superstar-of-philippine-cinema-passes-away-2329 Nora Aunor, superstar of Philippine cinema, passes away]</ref> *[[Vladimir Gerasimov (actor)|Vladimir Gerasimov]], 74, Russian actor (''[[Car, Violin and Blot the Dog]]'', ''[[One-Two, Soldiers Were Going...]]'', ''[[Tailcoat for Scapegrace]]'').<ref>[https://www.championat.com/cybersport/news-5977082-umer-aktyor-dublyazha-vladimir-gerasimov-golos-bryusa-uillisa-i-dzhona-travolty.html Умер актёр дубляжа Владимир Герасимов, голос Брюса Уиллиса и Джона Траволты] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> (death announced on this date) ===15=== *[[Jadwiga Jankowska-Cieślak]], 74, Polish actress (''[[Another Way (1982 movie)|Another Way]]'', ''[[Scratch (2008 movie)|Scratch]]'', ''[[Tatarak]]'').<ref>[https://www.trojmiasto.pl/wiadomosci/Nie-zyje-pochodzaca-z-Gdanska-Jadwiga-Jankowska-Cieslak-n201732.html Nie żyje pochodząca z Gdańska Jadwiga Jankowska-Cieślak] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> *[[Shūhei Kishimoto]], 68, Japanese politician, [[House of Representatives (Japan)|MP]] (2009–2022) and governor of [[Wakayama Prefecture]] (since 2022), septic shock.<ref>[https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20250415/k10014779591000.html 和歌山県 岸本周平知事が死去 68歳] {{in lang|ja}}</ref> *[[Wink Martindale]], 91, American disc jockey, game show host (''[[Gambit (game show)|Gambit]]'', ''[[Tic-Tac-Dough]]'') and singer ("[[The Deck of Cards#Cover versions|Deck of Cards]]"), lymphoma.<ref>[https://deadline.com/2025/04/wink-martindale-dead-1236369288/ Wink Martindale Dies: Game Show Host Of ‘Tic-Tac-Dough’, ‘Gambit’ And ‘High Rollers’ Was 91]</ref> *[[S. S. Stanley]], 57, Indian film director (''[[April Maadhathil]]'', ''[[Pudhukottaiyilirundhu Saravanan]]'', ''[[Kizhakku Kadarkarai Salai]]'') and actor.<ref>[https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=1517469 Popular Tamil film director SS Stanley passes away at 57]</ref> ===14=== *[[Abdullah Ahmad Badawi]], 85, Malaysian politician, [[Prime Minister of Malaysia|prime minister]] (2003–2009), [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Malaysia)|minister of foreign affairs]] (1991–1999), and [[Dewan Rakyat|MP]] (1978–2013), heart disease.<ref>[https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2025/04/14/former-pm-abdullah-ahmad-badawi-passes-away Former PM Abdullah Ahmad Badawi passes away]</ref> ===13=== *[[Mario Vargas Llosa]], 89, Peruvian writer, and holder of the Nobel Prize for Literature.<ref>[https://elpais.com/cultura/2025-04-14/muere-mario-vargas-llosa-gigante-de-las-letras-universales.html Muere Mario Vargas Llosa, gigante de las letras universales] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Bank Janardhan]], 74, Indian actor (''[[Tharle Nan Maga]]'', ''[[Shhh! (movie)|Shhh!]]'', ''[[News (movie)|News]]'') and comedian.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/veteran-kannada-actor-bank-janardhan-passes-away-at-74-after-prolonged-illness/articleshow/120270402.cms Veteran Kannada actor Bank Janardhan passes away at 74 after prolonged illness]</ref> *[[Jean Marsh]], 90, British actress (''[[Upstairs, Downstairs (1971 TV series)|Upstairs, Downstairs]]'', ''[[Doctor Who]]'', ''[[Willow (1988 movie)|Willow]]'') and television writer, [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series|Emmy]] winner ([[27th Primetime Emmy Awards|1975]]), complications from dementia.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c045dk29xqqo Upstairs Downstairs actress Jean Marsh dies age 90]</ref> ===12=== *[[Pilita Corrales]], 85, Filipino singer and actress (''[[Mars Ravelo's Darna! Ang Pagbabalik]]'', ''[[Bride for Rent]]'', ''[[My Illegal Wife]]'').<ref>[https://www.thestar.com.my/aseanplus/aseanplus-news/2025/04/12/pilita-corrales-asian-queen-of-songs-dies-at-85 Pilita Corrales, Asian Queen of Songs, dies at 85]</ref> ===11=== *[[Nino Bellomo]], 102, Italian actor (''[[Blues metropolitano]]'', ''[[Law of Courage]]'') and journalist.<ref>[https://www.grandangoloagrigento.it/agrigento-notizie/e-morto-nino-bellomo E’ morto Nino Bellomo, il figlio Francesco: “oggi il mondo mi sembra più silenzioso”] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Mike Berry (singer)|Mike Berry]], 82, English singer ("[[The Sunshine of Your Smile]]") and actor (''[[Are You Being Served?]]'', ''[[Worzel Gummidge (TV series)|Worzel Gummidge]]'').<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/mike-berry-death-are-you-being-served-b2731574.html Mike Berry death: Singer and last surviving Are You Being Served? star dies, aged 82]</ref> *[[Max Romeo]], 80, Jamaican reggae musician ("[[Wet Dream (Max Romeo song)|Wet Dream]]", "[[Chase the Devil]]").<ref>[https://www.dancehallmag.com/2025/04/11/news/reggae-legend-max-romeo-dead-at-80.html Reggae Legend Max Romeo Dead At 80]</ref> ===10=== *[[Leo Beenhakker]], 82, Dutch football manager ([[AFC Ajax|Ajax]], [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]], [[Netherlands national football team|national team]]).<ref>[https://nos.nl/artikel/2563112-oud-toptrainer-leo-beenhakker-op-82-jarige-leeftijd-overleden Oud-toptrainer Leo Beenhakker op 82-jarige leeftijd overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Ted Kotcheff]], 94, Canadian film director (''[[First Blood]]'', ''[[Weekend at Bernie's]]''). *[[Ku Feng]], 94, Hong Kong actor (''[[The Love Eterne]]'', ''[[Between Tears and Laughter]]'', ''[[Come Drink with Me]]'').<ref>[https://www.dimsumdaily.hk/veteran-hong-kong-actor-ku-feng-passes-away-at-94/ Veteran Hong Kong actor Ku Feng passes away at 94]</ref> *[[Mario Ernesto Sánchez]], 78, Cuban actor (''[[Miami Vice (movie)|Miami Vice]]'', ''[[The Truman Show]]'', ''[[The Specialist]]'') and businessman, founder and director of [[Teatro Avante]].<ref>[https://www.diariolasamericas.com/cultura/fallece-director-teatro-avante-mario-ernesto-sanchez-n5374198 Fallece director de Teatro Avante, Mario Ernesto Sánchez] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ===9=== *[[Mel Novak]], 90, American actor (''[[Game of Death]]'', ''[[Black Belt Jones]]'', ''[[An Eye for an Eye (1981 movie)|An Eye for an Eye]]'').<ref>[https://www.tmz.com/2025/04/09/mel-novak-dead/?adid=social-fb Mel Novak Dead at 90]</ref> ===8=== *Notable [[Dominican Republic|Dominicans]] killed in the [[Jet Set nightclub roof collapse]]: **[[Tony Blanco]], 44, baseball player ([[Chunichi Dragons]], [[Yokohama DeNA BayStars]], [[Orix Buffaloes]])<ref>[https://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/44591287/ex-mlb-pitcher-octavio-dotel-dies-nightclub-roof-collapse Ex-MLB players Octavio Dotel, Tony Blanco die in nightclub tragedy]</ref> **[[Nelsy Cruz]], 41, politician, governor of [[Monte Cristi Province]] (since 2020)<ref>[https://listindiario.com/la-republica/20250408/nelsy-cruz-gobernadora-monte-cristi-fallecida-tragedia-jet-set_852856.html ¿Quién era Nelsy Cruz, la gobernadora de Monte Cristi fallecida en la tragedia del Jet Set?] {{in lang|es}}</ref> **[[Octavio Dotel]], 51, baseball player ([[Houston Astros]], [[St. Louis Cardinals]], [[New York Mets]])<ref>[https://www.newsweek.com/sports/mlb/former-mlb-pitcher-dies-following-dominican-night-club-collapse-reports-2057034 Former MLB Pitcher Dies Following Dominican Night Club Collapse: Reports]</ref> **[[Rubby Pérez]], 69, [[Merengue music|merengue]] singer<ref>[https://elnacional.com.do/rubby-perez-fallece-tragicamente-por-derrumbe/ Luto en la música: el merenguero Rubby Pérez muere tras colapso en Jet Set] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ===7=== ===6=== *[[Clem Burke]], 70, American [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] drummer ([[Blondie (band)|Blondie]]), cancer.<ref>[https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/clem-burke-blondie-drummer-dead-obituary-1235311703/ Drummer Clem Burke, the 'Heartbeat of Blondie,' Dead at 70]</ref> *[[Jay North]], 73, American actor (''[[Dennis the Menace (1959 TV series)|Dennis the Menace]]'', ''[[Maya (1966 movie)|Maya]]'', ''[[Arabian Knights]]''), colorectal cancer.<ref>[https://extratv.com/2025/04/06/jay-north-tvs-dennis-the-menace-dies-at-73/ Jay North, TV's Dennis the Menace, Dies at 73]</ref> ===5=== *[[Antonello Fassari]], 72, Italian actor (''[[Romanzo Criminale]]'', ''[[The Goodbye Kiss (movie)|The Goodbye Kiss]]'', ''[[Suburra (movie)|Suburra]]'') and comedian.<ref>[https://www.repubblica.it/spettacoli/people/2025/04/05/news/antonello_fassari_morto_attore_cesaroni72_anni-424109342/?ref=RHLF-BG-P1-S1-T1 Morto Antonello Fassari, attore di “Avanzi” e “Cesaroni”] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Raymond Hawthorne]], 88, New Zealand theatre director.<ref>[https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/557343/renowned-actor-and-theatre-director-raymond-hawthorne-dies-aged-88 Renowned actor and theatre director Raymond Hawthorne dies aged 88]</ref> ===4=== *[[Manoj Kumar]], 87, Indian actor (''[[Kranti]]'', ''[[Upkar]]'', ''[[Roti Kapada Aur Makaan]]'').<ref>[https://www.news9live.com/entertainment/celebrity/manoj-kumar-death-news-manoj-kumar-passes-away-at-age-of-87-2836703 Legendary actor Manoj Kumar passes away at 87 in Mumbai, says report]</ref> *[[Ravikumar (actor)|Ravikumar]], 71, Indian actor (''[[Ullasa Yaathra]]'', ''[[Aanandham Paramaanandham]]'', ''[[Ee Manohara Theeram]]'').<ref>[https://news24online.com/entertainment/veteran-tamil-and-malayalam-actor-ravi-kumar-menon-passes-away/520846/ Veteran Tamil And Malayalam Actor Ravi Kumar Menon Passes Away]</ref> ===3=== *[[Andreas, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]], 82, German landowner and nobleman, head of the [[House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] (since 1998).<ref>[https://www.fraenkischertag.de/lokales/stadt-coburg/politik/coburg-prinz-andreas-ist-tot-art-435597 Der „Chef des Hauses“ Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha ist tot] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Gordon Faith]], 94, British actor (''[[Doctor Who]]'', ''[[Adam Adamant Lives!]]'', ''[[War and Peace (1972 TV series)|War & Peace]]'').<ref>[https://www.gordonfaith.com/ Gordon Faith 1931-2025]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Farooq Hamid]], 80, Pakistani cricketer ([[Lahore cricket teams|Lahore]], [[Pakistan International Airlines cricket team|PIA]], [[Pakistan national cricket team|national team]]).<ref>[https://www.pcb.com.pk/press-release-detail/former-test-cricketer-farooq-hameed-passes-away.html Former Test cricketer Farooq Hameed passes away]</ref> *[[John Saint Ryan]], 72, English actor (''[[Coronation Street]]'', ''[[Roar (1997 TV series)|Roar]]'', ''[[Squanto: A Warrior's Tale]]'') and equestrian, heart attack.<ref>[https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/uk-news/ex-coronation-street-star-john-31366059 Ex-Coronation Street star John St Ryan dies suddenly]</ref> ===2=== *[[Khamtai Siphandone]], 101, Laotian politician, [[President of Laos|president]] (1998–2006), [[Prime Minister of Laos|prime minister]] (1991–1998), and [[General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party|chairman of the Revolutionary Party]] (1992–2006).<ref>[https://laotiantimes.com/2025/04/02/former-president-khamtai-siphandone-passes-away-at-101/ Former President Khamtai Siphandone Passes Away at 101]</ref> *[[Alois Švehlík]], 85, Czech actor (''[[Forbidden Dreams]]'', ''[[Alois Nebel]]'', ''[[On the Roof (2019 movie)|On the Roof]]'') and theater pedagogue.<ref>[https://english.radio.cz/actor-and-dubbing-artist-alois-svehlik-died-aged-85-8847299 Actor and dubbing artist Alois Švehlík died, aged 85]</ref> ===1=== *[[Val Kilmer]], 65, American actor (''[[The Doors (movie)|The Doors]]'', ''[[Tombstone (movie)|Tombstone]]'', ''[[Batman Forever]]''), pneumonia.<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/val-kilmer-dead-top-gun-doors-tombstone-batman-actor-1236178966/ Val Kilmer, Actor Renowned for Receding Into His Roles, Dies at 65]</ref> *[[Johnny Tillotson]], 86, American singer-songwriter ("[[Poetry in Motion (song)|Poetry in Motion]]", "[[It Keeps Right On a-Hurtin' (song)|It Keeps Right On a-Hurtin']]", "[[Without You (Johnny Tillotson song)|Without You]]"), complications from Parkinson's disease.<ref>[https://www.tmz.com/2025/04/02/singer-johnny-tillotson-dead/ Singer Johnny Tillotson Dead at 86]</ref> ==March== ===31=== *[[Sian Barbara Allen]], 78, American actress (''[[Scream, Pretty Peggy]]'', ''[[The Lindbergh Kidnapping Case]]'', ''[[You'll Like My Mother]]''), complications from Alzheimer's disease.<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/film/news/sian-barbara-allen-dead-scream-pretty-peggy-1236352951/ Sian Barbara Allen, Actor in ‘Scream, Pretty Peggy’ and ‘You’ll Like My Mother,’ Dies at 78]</ref> *[[Yves Boisset]], 86, French film director (''[[L'Attentat]]'', ''[[The Common Man (movie)|The Common Man]]'', ''[[Le Juge Fayard dit Le Shériff]]'') and screenwriter.<ref>[https://www.tf1info.fr/culture/mort-yves-boisset-realisateur-des-films-dupont-lajoie-l-attentat-est-decede-a-l-age-de-86-ans-2362379.html Le réalisateur Yves Boisset ("Dupont Lajoie", "L'Attentat) est mort à l'âge de 86 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> ===30=== *[[Lee Montague]], 97, English actor (''[[The Camp on Blood Island]]'', ''[[Deadlier Than the Male]]'', ''[[Jesus of Nazareth (TV series)|Jesus of Nazareth]]'').<ref>[http://keatscommunitylibrary.org.uk/Lee-Montague-1927-2025.shtml Lee Montague 1927-2025]</ref> (death announced on this date) ===29=== *[[Richard Chamberlain]], 90, American actor (''[[Dr. Kildare (TV series)|Dr. Kildare]]'', ''[[The Thorn Birds (miniseries)|The Thorn Birds]]'', ''[[Shōgun (1980 miniseries)|Shōgun]]''), complications from a stroke.<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/film/news/richard-chamberlain-dead-dies-shogun-thorn-birds-1236351970/ Richard Chamberlain, TV’s Dr. Kildare, ‘Shogun,’ ‘Thorn Birds’ Star, Dies at 90]</ref> *[[Ángel del Pozo]], 90, Spanish actor (''[[Horror Express]]'', ''[[The Big Gundown]]'', ''[[Treasure Island (1972 movie)|Treasure Island]]'').<ref>[https://www.larazon.es/cultura/cine/muere-90-anos-actor-angel-pozo-caras-spaghetti-western/20250329/1169792.html Muere a los 90 años el actor Ángel del Pozo, una de las caras del 'Spaghetti Western'] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ===28=== *[[Hamza Feghouli]], 86, Algerian actor (''[[Le Clandestin]]'').<ref>[https://news.radioalgerie.dz/fr/node/62186 L'artiste Hamza Feghouli tire sa révérence à l'âge de 86 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> ===27=== *[[Peter Lever]], 84, English cricketer ([[Lancashire County Cricket Club|Lancashire]], [[Tasmania cricket team|Tasmania]], [[England cricket team|national team]]).<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/articles/c8d4v5vzzjyo Former Lancashire and England bowler Lever dies]</ref> (death announced on this date) ===26=== ===25=== *[[Manoj Bharathiraja]], 48, Indian actor (''[[Samudhiram]]'', ''[[Kadal Pookkal]]'') and film director (''[[Margazhi Thingal]]''), heart attack.<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/manoj-bharathiraja-dies-at-48-chennai-2698999-2025-03-25 Tamil actor-director Manoj Bharathiraja dies at 48 in Chennai]</ref> *[[Shihan Hussaini]], 60, Indian actor (''[[Punnagai Mannan]]'', ''[[Velaikkaran (1987 movie)|Velaikkaran]]'', ''[[Unnai Solli Kutramillai]]'') and karate practitioner, leukemia.<ref>[https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/actor-martial-artist-shihan-hussaini-passes-away-in-chennai-he-was-60 Actor, martial artist Shihan Hussaini passes away in Chennai, he was 60]</ref> *[[Masahiro Shinoda]], 94, Japanese film director (''[[Demon Pond (1979 movie)|Demon Pond]]'', ''[[Owls' Castle]]'', ''[[Double Suicide (1969 movie)|Double Suicide]]'') and screenwriter.<ref>[https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20250327/k10014762391000.html 映画監督 篠田正浩さん死去94歳「瀬戸内少年野球団」など] {{in lang|ja}}</ref> *[[François Trucy]], 93, French politician, mayor of [[Toulon]] (1985–1995), [[Senate (France)|senator]] (1986–2014).<ref>[https://www.varmatin.com/politique/l-ancien-maire-de-toulon-francois-trucy-est-mort-a-l-age-de-93-ans-979418 L’ancien maire de Toulon François Trucy est mort à l’âge de 93 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> ===24=== ===23=== *[[Gianfranco Barra]], 84, Italian actor (''[[Banana Joe (movie)|Banana Joe]]'', ''[[I nuovi mostri]]'', ''[[Double Murder]]'').<ref>[https://www.adnkronos.com/spettacoli/gianfranco-barra-morto-attore-caratterista-bud-spencer-sordi-tognazzi-vanzina_3G3Gs0Apsgh9hJM7dy3lYE Addio a Gianfranco Barra, caratterista per grandi registi: aveva 84 anni] {{in lang|it}}</ref> ===22=== *[[Filiz Akın]], 82, Turkish actress (''[[Birds of Exile]]'', ''[[Tatlı Dillim]]'', ''[[Karateci Kız]]'').<ref>[https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/kultur/usta-oyuncu-filiz-akin-vefat-etti/3517309 Usta oyuncu Filiz Akın vefat etti] {{in lang|tr}}</ref> *[[Larisa Golubkina]], 85, Russian actress (''[[Hussar Ballad]]'', ''[[Give Me a Book of Complaints]]'', ''[[The Tale of Tsar Saltan (1966 movie)|The Tale of Tsar Saltan]]'').<ref>[https://www.starhit.ru/novosti/umerla-larisa-golubkina-6273694/ Умерла Лариса Голубкина] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[Rolf Schimpf]], 100, German actor (''[[Smuglere]]'', ''[[Mensch Bachmann]]'', ''[[Der Alte (television series)|Der Alte]]'').<ref>[https://www.br.de/nachrichten/kultur/bekannt-aus-der-krimiserie-der-alte-schauspieler-rolf-schimpf-mit-100-jahren-gestorben,UgBfWDy Schauspieler Rolf Schimpf mit 100 Jahren gestorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Alex Wyllie]], 80, New Zealand rugby union player and coach ([[New Zealand national rugby union team|national team]]).<ref>[https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/sport/545728/former-all-black-and-coach-alex-grizz-wyllie-dies Former All Black and coach Alex ‘Grizz’ Wyllie dies]</ref> ===21=== *[[George Foreman]], 76, American boxer, Olympic champion ([[Boxing at the 1968 Summer Olympics|1968]]) and entrepreneur ([[George Foreman Grill]]).<ref>[https://www.tmz.com/2025/03/21/george-foreman-dead/ Boxing Legend George Foreman Dead at 76]</ref> *[[Štefan Kvietik]], 90, Slovak actor (''[[The Boxer and Death]]'', ''[[The Millennial Bee]]'', ''[[Sitting on a Branch, Enjoying Myself]]'') and academic.<ref>[https://www.teraz.sk/kultura/tragicka-sprava-zomrel-znamy-slovens/865549-clanok.html Smutná správa: Zomrel známy slovenský herec Štefan Kvietik] {{in lang|sk}}</ref> ===20=== *[[Vitold Fokin]], 92, Ukrainian politician, [[Prime Minister of Ukraine|prime minister]] (1990–1992).<ref>[https://espreso.tv/suspilstvo-pershiy-premer-ministr-ukraini-vitold-fokin-pomer-u-vitsi-92-rokiv Перший прем'єр-міністр України Вітольд Фокін помер у віці 92 років] {{in lang|uk}}</ref> *[[Eddie Jordan]], 76, Irish [[Formula One]] team owner ([[Jordan Grand Prix]]) and television presenter (''[[Top Gear (2002 TV series)|Top Gear]]''), prostate and bladder cancer.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/articles/cq8y1335qlwo Former F1 boss and TV pundit Jordan dies aged 76]</ref> *[[Norm Clarke]], Las Vegas celebrity columnist and former AP sports writer, dies at 82. <ref>[https://emeatribune.com/norm-clarke-a-las-vegas-celebrity-columnist-and-former-ap-sports-writer-dies-at-82/ Las Vegas celebrity columnist and former AP sports writer, dies at 82]{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ===19=== *[[Don Wesely]], 70, American politician, [[List of mayors of Lincoln, Nebraska|mayor of Lincoln]] (1999–2003) and member of the [[Nebraska Legislature]] (1979–1999).<ref>[https://klin.com/2025/03/19/former-lincoln-mayor-don-wesely-passes-away/ Former Lincoln State Senator, Mayor Don Wesely Passes Away]</ref> ===18=== *[[Antonio Gasalla]], 84, Argentine actor (''[[Waiting for the Hearse]]'', ''[[The Truce (1974 movie)|The Truce]]''), comedian, and theatre director.<ref>[https://www.pagina12.com.ar/811556-murio-antonio-gasalla Murió el actor y humorista Antonio Gasalla] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ===17=== *[[David Steven Cohen]], 58, American television writer (''[[Courage the Cowardly Dog]]'', ''[[Parker Lewis Can't Lose]]'') and screenwriter (''[[Balto (movie)|Balto]]''), cancer.<ref>[https://comicbook.com/anime/news/courage-the-cowardly-dog-head-writer-david-steven-cohen-dies-58/ Courage the Cowardly Dog Head Writer David Steven Cohen Reportedly Dies at 58]</ref> ===16=== *[[Émilie Dequenne]], 43, Belgian actress (''[[Rosetta (movie)|Rosetta]]'', ''[[Our Children]]'', ''[[Not My Type]]''), [[adrenocortical carcinoma]].<ref>[https://www.lefigaro.fr/cinema/l-actrice-belge-emilie-dequenne-est-morte-d-un-cancer-20250316 L’actrice belge Émilie Dequenne est morte d’un cancer] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Bindu Ghosh]], 76, Indian actress (''[[Kozhi Koovuthu (1982 movie)|Kozhi Koovuthu]]'', ''[[Uruvangal Maralam]]'', ''[[Thoongathey Thambi Thoongathey]]'') and choreographer.<ref>[https://www.indiaglitz.com/actress-bindu-ghosh-passes-away--news-362980 Renowned Comedy Actress Bindu Ghosh Passes Away; Fans and Film Industry Mourn Her Demise]</ref> *[[Anvar Hasanov]], 74, Azerbaijani actor (''[[Last night of childhood]]'', ''[[My Seven Sons]]'', ''[[Babek (movie)|Babek]]'').<ref>[https://media.az/culture/skonchalsya-narodnyj-artist-azerbajdzhana-anvar-gasanov Скончался народный артист Азербайджана Анвар Гасанов] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> ===15=== *[[Les Binks]], 73, Northern Irish heavy metal drummer ([[Judas Priest]]).<ref>[https://bravewords.com/news/former-judas-priest-drummer-les-binks-dead-at-73/ Former JUDAS PRIEST Drummer LES BINKS Dead At 73]</ref> *[[Delia Razon]], 93, Filipino actress (''[[Rodrigo de Villa]]'', ''[[Gaano Kadalas ang Minsan?]]'', ''[[Ipagpatawad Mo]]'').<ref>[https://mb.com.ph/2025/3/16/veteran-actress-delia-razon-passes-away-93 Veteran actress Delia Razon passes away, 93]</ref> *[[Wings Hauser]], 77, American actor (''[[Tough Guys Don't Dance (movie)|Tough Guys Don't Dance]]'', ''[[The Siege of Firebase Gloria]]'', ''[[Vice Squad (1982 movie)|Vice Squad]]'').<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/film/news/wings-hauser-dead-vice-squad-young-and-the-restless-1236343867/ Wings Hauser, Character Actor From ‘Vice Squad,’ ‘The Young and the Restless,’ Dies at 78]</ref> *[[Slick Watts]], 73, American basketball player ([[Seattle SuperSonics]], [[Utah Jazz#1974–1979: Early years in New Orleans with Pete Maravich|New Orleans Jazz]], [[Houston Rockets]]).<ref>[https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/sonics/sonics-legend-slick-watts-dies-at-73/ Sonics legend Slick Watts dies at 73]</ref> ===14=== *[[Pietro Genuardi]], 62, Italian actor (''[[CentoVetrine]]'', ''[[Killer Crocodile]]'', ''[[Paganini Horror]]'').<ref>[https://www.ansa.it/lazio/notizie/2025/03/14/morto-a-62-anni-lattore-pietro-genuardi_6797c665-beb0-4b65-85cf-644eea2f219c.html Morto a 62 anni l'attore Pietro Genuardi] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Deb Mukherjee]], 83, Indian actor (''[[Aansoo Ban Gaye Phool]]'', ''[[Karate (movie)|Karate]]'', ''[[Gudgudee]]'').<ref>[https://www.news18.com/movies/deb-mukherjee-ayan-mukerjis-father-and-veteran-actor-passes-away-at-83-9261536.html Deb Mukherjee, Ayan Mukerji’s Father And Veteran Actor, Passes Away At 83]</ref> ===13=== *[[Edgar Oehler]], 83, Swiss politician, [[National Council (Switzerland)|MP]] (1971–1995).<ref>[https://www.tagblatt.ch/ostschweiz/rheintal/todesfall-die-ostschweiz-verliert-eine-markante-persoenlichkeit-balgacher-unternehmer-edgar-oehler-verstorben-ld.2746769 Die Ostschweiz verliert eine markante Persönlichkeit: Balgacher Unternehmer Edgar Oehler verstorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Maria Grazia Spina]], 88, Italian actress (''[[Samson and the Slave Queen]]'', ''[[Toto vs. the Black Pirate]]'', ''[[Rugantino (movie)|Rugantino]]'').<ref>[https://www.messaggeroveneto.it/nordest/morta-attrice-grazia-maria-spina-nrkgxdwt Addio all’attrice veneziana Grazia Maria Spina: una vita di arti, segnata dalla bellezza] {{in lang|it}}</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Şinasi Yurtsever]], 51, Turkish actor (''[[Vavien]]'').<ref>[https://medyascope.tv/2025/03/13/sinasi-yurtsever-hayatini-kaybetti/ Oyuncu Şinasi Yurtsever hayatını kaybetti] {{in lang|tr}}</ref> ===12=== *[[Syed Abid Ali]], 83, Indian cricketer ([[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]], [[India national cricket team|national team]]).<ref>[https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/syed-abid-ali-passes-away-dead-83-hyderabad-bowler/article69321408.ece Former India cricketer Syed Abid Ali passes away at 83]</ref> *[[Takashi Inagaki]], 87, Japanese voice actor (''[[Soul Eater]]'', ''[[A Spirit of the Sun]]'', ''[[Kingdom Hearts]]'') and actor, pneumonia.<ref>[https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/76b4d42abf9ef9fc18a1d4d9a9b96d8356112596 "俳優・稲垣隆史さん、肺炎のため死去 87歳 『スター・ウォーズ』パルパティーン最高議長役など多くの吹き替えを担当（オリコン）"]{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *[[Godfrey Lawrence]], 92, Rhodesian cricketer ([[Rhodesia cricket team|Rhodesia]], [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]]).<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/goofy-lawrence-45967 Goofy Lawrence]</ref> *[[Peggy Parnass]], 97, German-Swedish actress (''[[Nobody Loves Me (movie)|Nobody Loves Me]]''), columnist and writer.<ref>[https://www.hagalil.com/2025/03/zum-tod-von-peggy-parnass/ Zum Tod von Peggy Parnass] {{in lang|de}}</ref> ===11=== ===10=== *[[Francis Billy Hilly|Sir Francis Billy Hilly]], 76, Solomon Islands politician, [[Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands|prime minister]] (1993–1994).<ref>[https://islandsbusiness.com/news-break/former-solomon-islands-pm-sir-francis-hilly-dies/ Former Solomon Islands PM Sir Francis Hilly dies]</ref> *[[Stanley R. Jaffe]], 84, American film producer (''[[Kramer vs. Kramer]]'', ''[[Fatal Attraction]]'', ''[[The Bad News Bears]]''), [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Oscar]] winner ([[52nd Academy Awards|1980]]).<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/stanley-jaffe-dead-kramer-kramer-1236159837/ Stanley R. Jaffe, Oscar-Winning ‘Kramer vs. Kramer’ Producer, Dies at 84]</ref> ===9=== *[[Eileen Bennett]], 105, British actress (''[[Thursday's Child (1943 movie)|Thursday's Child]]'', ''[[Much Too Shy]]'', ''[[Trunk Crime]]'').<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2025/03/14/eileen-bennett-george-formby-west-end-stage-cinema/ Eileen Bennett, actress who starred with George Formby on screen and lit up the West End in the war] {{paywall}}</ref> *[[Simon Fisher-Becker]], 63, British actor (''[[Puppy Love (TV series)|Puppy Love]]'', ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (movie)|Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone]]'', ''[[Doctor Who]]'').<ref>[https://cultbox.co.uk/news/simon-fisher-becker-dies-aged-63 Simon Fisher-Becker dies aged 63]</ref> *[[Hans Peter Korff]], 82, German actor (''[[Wayfarers (movie)|Wayfarers]]'', ''[[Pappa Ante Portas]]'', ''[[Beresina, or the Last Days of Switzerland]]'').<ref>[https://www.bluewin.ch/en/entertainment/drombuschs-star-hans-peter-korff-is-dead-2597306.html "Drombuschs" star Hans Peter Korff is dead]</ref> *[[Dick McTaggart]], 89, Scottish boxer, Olympic champion ([[Boxing at the 1956 Summer Olympics – Lightweight|1956]]).<ref>[https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/5197803/dick-mctaggart-dies-dundee-boxing-hero/ Dundee boxing legend Dick McTaggart dies aged 89]</ref> ===8=== ===7=== *[[David Vunagi|Sir David Vunagi]], 73, Solomon Islands bishop and politician, [[Governor-General of Solomon Islands|governor-general]] (2019–2024).<ref>[https://anglican.ink/2025/03/07/death-reported-of-the-former-archbishop-of-melanesia/ Death reported of the former Archbishop of Melanesia ]</ref> *[[D'Wayne Wiggins]], 64, American musician ([[Tony! Toni! Toné!]]) and songwriter ("[[Feels Good]]"), bladder cancer.<ref>[https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/dwayne-wiggins-tony-toni-tone-dies/3812037/ D'Wayne Wiggins of Tony! Toni! Toné! dies after battle with cancer]</ref> ===6=== *[[Brian James (guitarist)|Brian James]], 70, English punk rock guitarist ([[The Damned (band)|The Damned]], [[The Lords of the New Church]]) and songwriter ("[[New Rose]]").<ref>[https://blabbermouth.net/news/founding-the-damned-guitarist-brian-james-dead-at-70 Founding The Damned Guitarist Brian James Dead At 70]</ref> *[[Crystal-Donna Roberts]], 40, South African actress (''[[Arendsvlei]]'', ''[[The Endless River (movie)|The Endless River]]'', ''[[Chronicle (movie)|Chronicle]]''), breast cancer.<ref>[https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/celebrities/celebrated-arendsvlei-and-7de-laan-actor-crystal-donna-roberts-40-has-died-20250306 Celebrated Arendsvlei and 7de Laan actor Crystal-Donna Roberts, 40, has died]</ref> *[[Árpád Sopsits]], 72, Hungarian film director (''[[Strangled (movie)|Strangled]]'').<ref>[https://index.hu/kultur/2025/03/06/sopsits-arpad-rendezo-szinhaz-martfui-rem-magyar-filmszemle/ Meghalt Sopsits Árpád Balázs Béla-díjas színház- és filmrendező] {{in lang|hu}}</ref> ===5=== *[[Edesio Alejandro]], 66, Cuban singer, guitarist and composer (''[[Clandestinos (1987 movie)|Clandestinos]]'', ''[[Hello Hemingway]]''), cancer.<ref>[https://www.cubaheadlines.com/articles/298266 Cuban Musician Edesio Alejandro Passes Away in Madrid]</ref> *[[Randy Brown (musician)|Randy Brown]], 72, American R&B singer.<ref>[https://soultracks.com/news-southern-soul-singer-randy-brown-dies/ Smooth soul singer Randy Brown dies at 72]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Sylvester Turner]], 70, American politician, member of the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]] (since 2025), [[List of mayors of Houston|mayor of Houston]] (2016–2024).<ref>[https://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/article/us-rep-and-former-houston-mayor-sylvester-turner-20204240.php? US Rep. and former Houston mayor Sylvester Turner dies at 70]</ref> ===4=== ===3=== *[[Kathryn Apanowicz]], 64, British actress (''[[Angels (TV series)|Angels]]'', ''[[EastEnders]]'') and television presenter (''[[Calendar (British TV programme)|Calendar]]'').<ref>[https://www.itv.com/news/calendar/2025-03-03/former-presenter-and-actress-kathryn-apanowicz-dies Former Yorkshire Television presenter and actress Kathryn Apanowicz dies aged 64]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Eleonora Giorgi]], 71, Italian actress (''[[Talcum Powder (movie)|Talcum Powder]]'', ''[[Mani di fata]]'', ''[[Inferno (1980 movie)|Inferno]]''), pancreatic cancer.<ref>[https://www.ilmessaggero.it/persone/eleonora_giorgi_morta_roma_paideia_racconto_malattia_carriera-8665149.html Eleonora Giorgi è morta, aveva 71 anni: era malata da tempo. Dalle commedie anni Ottanta al racconto del tumore] {{in lang|it}}</ref> ===2=== *[[Juan Margallo]], 84, Spanish actor (''[[Dragon Rapide (movie)|Dragon Rapide]]'', ''[[Solitary Fragments]]'') and theatre director, complications from a fall.<ref>[https://elpais.com/cultura/2025-03-02/muere-juan-margallo-a-los-84-anos-referente-del-teatro-independiente-en-espana.html Muere Juan Margallo a los 84 años, referente del teatro independiente en España] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ===1=== *[[Monika Lundi]], 82, German actress (''[[The Heath Is Green (1972 movie)|The Heath Is Green]]'', ''[[Crazy – Completely Mad]]'', ''[[No Gold for a Dead Diver]]'').<ref>[https://trauer.sueddeutsche.de/traueranzeige/monika-stetter-lundi Monika Stetter-Lundi] {{in lang|de}}</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Joey Molland]], 77, English guitarist ([[Badfinger]]) and songwriter.<ref>[https://bestclassicbands.com/joey-molland-badfinger-obituary-3-2-25/ Joey Molland, Last Member of Classic Badfinger Lineup, Dies at 77]</ref> *[[Angie Stone]], 63, American singer ("[[No More Rain (In This Cloud)]]", "[[Wish I Didn't Miss You]]") and rapper ([[The Sequence]]), traffic collision.<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/music/news/angie-stone-dead-wish-i-didnt-miss-you-singer-the-sequence-1236324437/ Angie Stone, 'Wish I Didn't Miss You' singer and co-founder of the Sequence, dies at 63 ]</ref> ==February== ===28=== *[[David Johansen]], 75, American musician ([[New York Dolls]]), singer ("[[Hot Hot Hot (Arrow song)|Hot Hot Hot]]") and actor (''[[Scrooged]]''), cancer.<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/music/news/david-johansen-dead-new-york-dolls-1236324334/ David Johansen, New York Dolls Frontman, Dies at 75]</ref> ===27=== *[[Christopher Hughes (quiz contestant)|Christopher Hughes]], 77, English professional quizzer (''[[Eggheads (game show)|Eggheads]]'').<ref>[https://www.lbc.co.uk/news/entertainment/eggheads-chris-hughes-dies-aged-77/ Eggheads quiz expert Chris Hughes dies aged 77 as show pays tribute]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Uttam Mohanty]], 66, Indian actor (''[[Naya Zaher]]'', ''[[Ae Jugara Krushna Sudama]]'', ''[[Purushottam (movie)|Purushottam]]''), cirrhosis.<ref>[https://kalingatv.com/odisha/veteran-odia-actor-uttam-mohanty-dies-while-undergoing-treatment-in-gurugram/ Veteran Odia actor Uttam Mohanty dies while undergoing treatment in Gurugram]</ref> ===26=== *[[Gene Hackman]], 95, American actor (''[[The French Connection (movie)|The French Connection]]'', ''[[Bonnie and Clyde (movie)|Bonnie and Clyde]]'', ''[[Mississippi Burning]]'').<ref>[https://nypost.com/2025/02/27/entertainment/gene-hackman-and-wife-betsy-found-dead-in-new-mexico-home-police/ Legendary actor Gene Hackman, wife Betsy and dog found dead inside New Mexico home: police]</ref> *[[Lis Nilheim]], 80, Swedish actress (''[[Maria (1975 movie)|Maria]]'', ''[[Madicken på Junibacken]]'', ''[[Raskenstam]]'').<ref>[https://www.dagbladet.no/studio/kjendisstudio/668?post=178594 Svensk skuespiller er død] {{in lang|no}}</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Michelle Trachtenberg]], 39, American actress (''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer]]'', ''[[Harriet the Spy (movie)|Harriet the Spy]]'', ''[[Gossip Girl]]'').<ref>[https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Culture/buffy-gossip-girl-actress-michelle-trachtenberg-dead-39/story?id=119215091 'Buffy' and 'Gossip Girl' actress Michelle Trachtenberg dead at 39]</ref> ===25=== *[[Ronald Draper]], 98, South African cricketer ([[Eastern Province cricket team|Eastern Province]], [[Northern Cape (cricket team)|Griqualand West]], [[South Africa national cricket team|national team]]).<ref>[https://www.news24.com/sport/cricket/oldest-test-cricketer-dies-in-south-africa-aged-98-20250228 Oldest Test cricketer dies in South Africa aged 98]</ref> *[[Roberto Orci]], 51, Mexican-born American screenwriter (''[[Star Trek (movie)|Star Trek]]'', ''[[Transformers (movie)|Transformers]]'') and television producer (''[[Fringe (TV series)|Fringe]]''), kidney disease.<ref>[https://deadline.com/2025/02/roberto-orci-dead-star-trek-transformers-writer-producer-1236301807/ Roberto Orci Dies: ‘Star Trek’, ‘Transformers’ & ‘Hawaii Five-0’ Writer-Producer Was 51]</ref> ===24=== *[[Roberta Flack]], 88, American singer ("[[Killing Me Softly With His Song]]", "[[The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face]]", "[[Feel Like Makin' Love (Roberta Flack song)|Feel Like Makin' Love]]") and songwriter, [[Grammy Award|Grammy]] winner ([[15th Annual Grammy Awards|1973]], [[16th Annual Grammy Awards|1974]]), complications from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/music/news/roberta-flack-singer-killing-me-softly-dead-1236318888/ Roberta Flack, ’70s R&B Vocalist Known for ‘Killing Me Softly,’ Dies at 88]</ref> *[[Robert John]], 79, American singer ("[[Sad Eyes (Robert John song)|Sad Eyes]]", "[[If You Don't Want My Love]]").<ref>[https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/robert-john-sad-eyes-singer-dead-obituary-1235279707/ Robert John, Crooner Behind Number One Hit ‘Sad Eyes,’ Dead at 79]</ref> *[[Keith Slater]], 89, Australian cricketer ([[Western Australia cricket team|Western Australia]]) and [[Australian rules football|footballer]] ([[Swan Districts Football Club|Swan Districts]], [[Western Australia Australian rules football team|Western Australia]]).<ref>[https://www.sportfm.com.au/news/all-round-champion-keith-slater-dies-at-age-89/ All-round champion Keith Slater dies at age 89]</ref> ===23=== *[[Chris Jasper]], 73, American [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] singer ([[The Isley Brothers]], [[Isley-Jasper-Isley]]), songwriter ("[[Caravan of Love]]"), keyboardist and producer, cancer.<ref>[https://soultracks.com/news-chris-jasper-dies/ Legendary Isley Brothers member and soul music star Chris Jasper dies]</ref> *[[Thanin Kraivichien]], 97, Thai politician, [[Prime Minister of Thailand|prime minister]] (1976–1977) and acting president of the [[Privy Council of Thailand|Privy Council]] (2016).<ref>[https://www.matichon.co.th/politics/news_5062871 ธานินทร์ กรัยวิเชียร อดีตนายกรัฐมนตรี ถึงแก่อสัญกรรม ในวัย 97 ปี] {{in lang|th}}</ref> *[[Atilio Veronelli]], 65, Argentine actor (''[[The Journey (1992 movie)|The Journey]]'', ''[[Where Are You My Love, That I Cannot Find You?]]'', ''[[Amigomío]]'') and stage director.<ref>[https://tn.com.ar/show/famosos/2025/02/23/a-los-65-anos-murio-el-actor-atilio-veronelli/ A los 65 años, murió el actor Atilio Veronelli] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ===22=== ===21=== *[[Amélia Bittencourt]], 86, Brazilian actress (''[[The Ballroom]]'').<ref>[https://extra.globo.com/famosos/noticia/2025/02/atriz-amelia-bittencourt-morre-aos-86-anos-no-rs.ghtml Atriz Amélia Bittencourt morre aos 86 anos no RS] {{in lang|pt}}</ref> *[[Gwen McCrae]], 81, American singer ("[[Rockin' Chair (Gwen McCrae song)|Rockin' Chair]]").<ref>[https://soultracks.com/news-gwen-mccrae-dies/ R.I.P. soul and disco star Gwen McCrae]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Lynne Marie Stewart]], 78, American actress (''[[Pee-wee's Playhouse]]'', ''[[It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia]]'', ''[[American Graffiti]]'').<ref>[https://extratv.com/2025/02/21/miss-yvonne-actress-lynne-marie-stewart-dies-at-78/ Miss Yvonne of 'Pee-Wee's Playhouse,' Lynne Marie Stewart, Dies at 78]</ref> *[[Voletta Wallace]], 78, American record producer and film producer (''[[Notorious (2009 movie)|Notorious]]'').<ref>[https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/voletta-wallace-notorious-big-bigie-smalls-mother-1235275517/ Voletta Wallace, the Notorious B.I.G.’s Mother, Dead at 78]</ref> ===20=== *[[Jerry Butler]], 85, American [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] soul singer-songwriter ("[[Only the Strong Survive (song)|Only the Strong Survive]]", "[[He Will Break Your Heart]]"), musician ([[The Impressions]]) and politician, complications from Parkinson's disease.<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/music/news/jerry-butler-impressions-singer-dead-chicago-politician-1236315232/ Jerry Butler, Impressions Singer and Chicago Politician, Dies at 85]</ref> *[[Peter Jason]], 80, American actor (''[[They Live]]'', ''[[48 Hrs.]]'', ''[[Deadwood (TV series)|Deadwood]]'').<ref>[https://bloody-disgusting.com/news/3855565/peter-jason-character-actor-and-john-carpenter-regular-has-passed-away/ Peter Jason, Character Actor and John Carpenter Regular, Has Passed Away]</ref> *[[Friedrich-Wilhelm Junge]], 86, German actor (''[[SAS 181 Does Not Reply]]'', ''[[Love's Confusion]]'').<ref>[https://www.tag24.de/dresden/kultur-leute/trauer-um-dresdner-brettl-gruender-schauspieler-friedrich-wilhelm-junge-ist-tot-3361989 Trauer um "Dresdner Brettl"-Gründer: Schauspieler Friedrich-Wilhelm Junge ist tot!] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Bidur Prasad Sapkota]], 59, Nepali politician, [[Federal Parliament of Nepal|MP]] (2014–2017), lung disease.<ref>[https://risingnepaldaily.com/news/57446 Constituent Assembly member Sapkota passes away]</ref> ===19=== *[[Souleymane Cissé (film director)|Souleymane Cissé]], 84, Malian film director (''[[Yeelen]]'', ''[[The Young Girl]]'', ''[[Waati]]'').<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2025/02/19/souleymane-cisse-un-des-chefs-de-file-du-cinema-africain-est-mort_6554682_3382.html# Souleymane Cissé, un des chefs de file du cinéma africain, est mort] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Norberto Huezo]], 68, Salvadoran footballer ([[Palencia CF (1960)|Palencia]], [[Cartagena FC|Cartagena]], [[El Salvador national football team|national team]]), stroke.<ref>[https://www.laprensagrafica.com/deportes/Fallecio-Norberto-Pajarito-Huezo-a-los-68-anos-20250219-0019.html Falleció Norberto "Pájarito" Huezo a los 68 años]{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Tony Isbert]], 74, Spanish actor (''[[A House Without Boundaries]]'', ''[[The Rift (1990 movie)|The Rift]]''), pneumonia.<ref>[https://elcierredigital.com/cultura/muere-los-75-anos-gran-actor-tony-isbert-nieto-del-popular-pepe-isbert Muere a los 74 años el gran actor Tony Isbert, nieto del popular Pepe Isbert] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ===18=== ===17=== *[[Rick Buckler]], 69, English drummer ([[The Jam]]).<ref>[https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/uk-news/jams-drummer-rick-buckler-dies-31032794 The Jam's drummer Rick Buckler dies aged 69 as bandmates pay tribute]</ref> *[[Juan Mariné]], 104, Spanish cinematographer (''[[Ninety Minutes]]'', ''[[Day by Day (movie)|Day by Day]]'', ''[[Fog and Sun]]'') and film restorer.<ref>[https://www.academiadecine.com/2025/02/18/fallece-el-centenario-director-de-fotografia-juan-marine/ Fallece el centenario director de fotografía Juan Mariné] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Jamie Muir]], 82, Scottish musician ([[King Crimson]]) and painter.<ref>[https://www.loudersound.com/news/king-crimson-percussionist-jamie-muir-has-died-aged-82 King Crimson percussionist Jamie Muir has died, aged 82]</ref> ===16=== *[[Julian Holloway]], 80, British actor (''[[Carry On (franchise)|Carry On]]'', ''[[James Bond Jr.]]'', ''[[Regular Show]]'').<ref>[https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/national/24944659.carry-star-julian-holloway-dies-aged-80/ Carry On star Julian Holloway dies aged 80]</ref> *[[Evan Hultman]], 99, American politician, [[Attorney General of Iowa|attorney general of Iowa]] (1961–1965).<ref>[https://wcfcourier.com/news/local/evan-curly-hultman-champion-for-veterans-passes-away/article_2da3c232-ed6a-11ef-b287-8bd17d24ab29.html Evan 'Curly' Hultman, champion for veterans and former Iowa attorney general, dies at 99] {{paywall}}</ref> *[[Kim Sae-ron]], 24, South Korean actress (''[[A Brand New Life (2009 movie)|A Brand New Life]]'', ''[[The Man from Nowhere (2010 movie)|The Man from Nowhere]]'', ''[[A Girl at My Door]]'').<ref>[https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/art/2025/02/398_392355.html Actress Kim Sae-ron found dead at home]</ref> *[[Krishnaveni (actress)|Krishnaveni]], 100, Indian actress (''[[Bhakta Prahlada (1942 Telugu movie)|Bhakta Prahlada]]'', ''[[Brahma Ratham]]'', ''[[Mana Desam]]''), singer, and film producer.<ref>[https://telanganatoday.com/veteran-actress-and-producer-c-krishnaveni-passes-away-at-100 Veteran actress and producer C Krishnaveni passes away at 100]</ref> *[[Yolanda Montes]], 93, American-Mexican actress (''[[Salomé (TV series)|Salomé]]'', ''[[Kill Me Because I'm Dying!]]'', ''[[Nocturne of Love (1948 movie)|Nocturne of Love]]'') and dancer, complications from Alzheimer's disease.<ref>[https://www.hola.com/us/entertainment/20250217814783/yolanda-montes-tongolele-dies-at-93/ Yolanda Montes ‘Tongolele,’ Icon of Mexican Cinema, Dies at 93]</ref> ===15=== *[[Renato Ballardini]], 97, Italian resistance fighter and politician, [[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|deputy]] (1958–1979).<ref>[https://www.vitatrentina.it/2025/02/15/e-morto-a-97-anni-renato-ballardini-partigiano-ed-ex-parlamentare/ È morto a 97 anni Renato Ballardini, partigiano ed ex parlamentare] {{in lang|it}}</ref> ===14=== *[[Carlos Diegues]], 84, Brazilian film director (''[[Ganga Zumba (movie)|Ganga Zumba]]'', ''[[Bye Bye Brasil]]'', ''[[Deus é Brasileiro]]''), complications from surgery.<ref>[https://apnews.com/article/brazil-obit-film-diegues-cinema-novo-e0d8973de4bba1d1e9ceb833596de5fe Cacá Diegues, renowned Brazilian filmmaker and leading figure in Cinema Novo, dies at 84]</ref> *[[Alice Hirson]], 95, American actress (''[[Another World (TV series)|Another World]]'', ''[[Being There]]'', ''[[One Life to Live]]'').<ref>[https://soaphub.com/general-hospital/news-gh/general-hospital-oltl-alum-alice-hirson-dead-at-95/ General Hospital OLTL Alum Alice Hirson Dead At 95]</ref> *[[Fulke Johnson Houghton]], 84, British Thoroughbred racehorse trainer.<ref>[https://www.herefordtimes.com/sport/national/24936109.training-great-fulke-johnson-houghton-dies-aged-84/ Training great Fulke Johnson Houghton dies aged 84]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Geneviève Page]], 97, French actress (''[[Belle de Jour (movie)|Belle de Jour]]'', ''[[Grand Prix (1966 movie)|Grand Prix]]'', ''[[The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes]]'').<ref>[https://www.lefigaro.fr/theatre/deces-genevieve-page-gloire-du-theatre-a-l-age-de-97-ans-20250214 Décès de Geneviève Page, gloire du théâtre, à l’âge de 97 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> ===13=== ===12=== *[[Nike Arrighi]], 80, French actress (''[[The Devil Rides Out (movie)|The Devil Rides Out]]'', ''[[Day for Night (movie)|Day for Night]]'', ''[[Women in Love (movie)|Women in Love]]'').<ref>[https://theunmutual.co.uk/ Nike Arrighi 1944-2025]</ref> *[[Tommy Hunt]], 91, American [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] soul singer ([[The Flamingos]]).<ref>[https://www.clashmusic.com/news/soul-legend-tommy-hunt-has-died/ Soul Legend Tommy Hunt Has Died]</ref> ===11=== *[[Annie Joe Edwards]], 76, American actress (''[[Bullets Over Broadway]]'', ''[[The Purple Rose of Cairo]]'', ''[[Ain't Misbehavin' (musical)|Ain't Misbehavin']]'').<ref>[https://www.birminghamtimes.com/2025/02/annie-joe-edwards-birmingham-native-actress-composer-musician-dies-at-76/ Annie Joe Edwards, Multi-Talented Birmingham Actress, Composer, Musician, Dies at 76]</ref> *[[Moses Lim]], 75, Singaporean actor (''[[Under One Roof (Singaporean TV series)|Under One Roof]]'').<ref>[https://www.tnp.sg/entertainment/veteran-actor-moses-lim-dies-age-75 Veteran actor Moses Lim dies at age 75]</ref> *[[Norma Mora]], 81, Mexican actress (''[[Qué perra vida]]'', ''[[Los astronautas]]'').<ref>[https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/espectaculos/2025/02/12/muere-norma-mora-actriz-mexicana-que-trabajo-con-tin-tan-y-el-santo-quien-era-que-le-paso/ Muere Norma Mora a los 81 años: ¿Qué le pasó a la actriz que trabajó con Tin Tan y El Santo?] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ===10=== *[[Takis Ikonomopoulos]], 81, Greek footballer ([[Panathinaikos F.C.|Panathinaikos]], [[Apollon Smyrnis F.C.|Apollon Athens]], [[Greece national football team|national team]]), stroke.<ref>[https://www.ekathimerini.com/sports/1261252/legendary-panathinaikos-goalkeeper-takis-oikonomopoulos-passes-away-at-81/ Soccer legend Takis Oikonomopoulos passes away at 81]</ref> *[[Peter Tuiasosopo]], 61, American football player ([[Los Angeles Rams]]) and actor (''[[Street Fighter (1994 movie)|Street Fighter]]'', ''[[Necessary Roughness (movie)|Necessary Roughness]]'').<ref>[https://deadline.com/2025/02/peter-navy-tuiasosopo-dead-actor-1236284912/ Peter Navy Tuiasosopo Dies: ‘Street Fighter’, ‘Necessary Roughness’ Actor Was 61]</ref> ===9=== *[[Tom Robbins]], 92, American novelist (''[[Even Cowgirls Get the Blues (novel)|Even Cowgirls Get the Blues]]'', ''[[Jitterbug Perfume]]'', ''[[Still Life with Woodpecker]]'').<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/feb/10/tom-robbins-comic-novelist-of-us-counterculture-dies-aged-92 Tom Robbins, comic novelist of US counterculture, dies aged 92]</ref> *[[Oleg Strizhenov]], 95, Russian actor (''[[The Mexican (1955 movie)|The Mexican]]'', ''[[The Captain's Daughter (1958 movie)|The Captain's Daughter]]'', ''[[The Star of Captivating Happiness]]'').<ref>[https://aif.ru/culture/akter-oleg-strizhenov-umer-na-96-m-godu-zhizni Актер Олег Стриженов умер на 96-м году жизни] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> ===8=== *[[Baldemar Carrasco]], 93, Chilean politician, [[Chamber of Deputies of Chile|deputy]] (1969–1973, 1990–1994).<ref>[https://www.latercera.com/nacional/noticia/fallece-a-los-93-anos-baldemar-carrasco-exdiputado-y-miembro-del-grupo-de-los-13-de-la-dc/EGI4B6WO2BBFBFZGI75IXUTCW4/ Fallece a los 93 años Baldemar Carrasco, exdiputado y miembro del “Grupo de los 13″ de la DC] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Sam Nujoma]], 95, Namibian politician, [[President of Namibia|president]] (1990–2005).<ref>[https://www.namibian.com.na/namibias-founding-president-sam-nujoma-dies/ Namibia’s founding president, Sam Nujoma, dies]</ref> ===7=== *[[Anthony Dileo Jr.]], American actor (''[[Day of the Dead (1985 movie)|Day of the Dead]]'', ''[[Two Evil Eyes]]'', ''[[Lorenzo's Oil]]''), complications from COVID-19.<ref>[https://bloody-disgusting.com/news/3853900/day-of-the-dead-actor-anthony-dileo-jr-has-passed-away/ ‘Day of the Dead’ Actor Anthony DiLeo Jr. Has Passed Away]</ref> *[[Bruce French (actor)|Bruce French]], 79, American actor (''[[Passions]]'', ''[[The Riches]]'', ''[[Fletch (movie)|Fletch]]''), complications from Alzheimer's disease.<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/bruce-french-dead-passions-1236131400/ Bruce French, ‘Passions’ Actor and a Veteran of the Stage, Dies at 79]</ref> *[[Tony Roberts (actor)|Tony Roberts]], 85, American actor (''[[Annie Hall]]'', ''[[Play It Again, Sam (movie)|Play It Again, Sam]]'', ''[[Serpico]]''), lung cancer.<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/tony-roberts-dead-woody-allen-annie-hall-1236130177/ Tony Roberts, Woody Allen Sidekick and Broadway Stalwart, Dies at 85]</ref> ===6=== ===5=== *[[Irv Gotti]], 54, American record producer ("[[Foolish (Ashanti song)|Foolish]]", "[[Always on Time]]") and executive ([[Murder Inc. Records]]).<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/music-news/irv-gotti-murder-inc-founder-dies-1236128314/ Irv Gotti, Murder Inc. Founder Who Worked With Ashanti and Ja Rule, Dies at 54]</ref> *[[Brian Turner (New Zealand poet)|Brian Turner]], 80, New Zealand poet and field hockey player ([[New Zealand men's national field hockey team|national team]]), heart attack.<ref>[https://newsroom.co.nz/2025/02/06/brian-turner-dies/ Brian Turner dies]</ref> ===4=== *[[Sid Ahmed Ghozali]], 87, Algerian politician, [[Prime Minister of Algeria|prime minister]] (1991–1992).<ref>[https://www.ennaharonline.com/وفاة-رئيس-الحكومة-الأسبق-سيد-احمد-غزال/ وفاة رئيس الحكومة الأسبق سيد احمد غزالي] {{in lang|ar}}</ref> ===3=== *[[Rich Dauer]], 72, American baseball player ([[Baltimore Orioles]]) and coach ([[Kansas City Royals]], [[Colorado Rockies]]).<ref>[https://www.cbssports.com/mlb/news/rich-dauer-orioles-hall-of-famer-and-former-astros-coach-dies-at-72/ Rich Dauer, Orioles Hall of Famer and former Astros coach, dies at 72]</ref> *[[Bettina Heltberg]], 82, Danish journalist (''[[Politiken]]'') and actress (''[[Det støver stadig]]'').<ref>[https://ekstrabladet.dk/underholdning/dkkendte/bettina-heltberg-er-doed/10518513 Bettina Heltberg er død] {{in lang|da}}</ref> ===2=== *[[Lee Joo-shil]], 80, South Korean actress (''[[The Uncanny Counter]]'', ''[[Train to Busan]]'', ''[[Squid Game]]''), stomach cancer.<ref>[https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250202002700315 Veteran actress Lee Joo-shil dies of stomach cancer at 81]</ref> *[[Brian Murphy]], 92, English actor (''[[Man About the House]]'', ''[[George and Mildred]]'', ''[[Last of the Summer Wine]]'') and comedian, cancer.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cdxeg4q0rddo Sitcom actor Brian Murphy dies aged 92]</ref> ===1=== *[[Horst Köhler]], 81, German economist and politician, [[President of Germany|president]] (2004–2010), president of the [[European Bank for Reconstruction and Development|EBRD]] (1998–2000) and managing director of the [[IMF]] (2000–2004).<ref>[https://www.zdf.de/nachrichten/politik/deutschland/ex-bundespraesident-horst-koehler-tot-100.html Ex-Bundespräsident Horst Köhler gestorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Fay Vincent]], 86, American lawyer and sports executive, [[commissioner of baseball]] (1989–1992), bladder cancer.<ref>[https://www.espn.co.uk/mlb/story/_/id/43667090/former-mlb-commissioner-fay-vincent-dies-86 Former MLB commissioner Fay Vincent dies at 86] </ref> ==January== ===31=== *[[Buster Farrer]], 88, South African cricketer ([[Border (cricket team)|Border]], [[South Africa national cricket team|national team]]), tennis player and field hockey player.<ref>[https://www.theherald.co.za/sport/2025-02-02-sporting-community-mourns-multitalented-buster-farrers-death/ Sporting community mourns multitalented Buster Farrer’s death]</ref> *[[Táňa Radeva]], 67, Slovak actress (''[[Bathory (movie)|Bathory]]'', ''[[Lóve]]'', ''[[Dubček (movie)|Dubček]]'').<ref>[https://www.aktuality.sk/clanok/UNH4MvO/zomrela-herecka-tana-radeva/ Zomrela herečka Táňa Radeva] {{in lang|sk}}</ref> *[[Kärt Tomingas]], 57, Estonian actress (''[[Those Old Love Letters]]'', ''[[Zero Point (movie)|Zero Point]]''), singer and educator.<ref>[https://kultuur.err.ee/1609593032/suri-naitleja-ja-laulja-kart-tomingas Suri näitleja ja laulja Kärt Tomingas] {{in lang|et}}</ref> ===30=== *[[Julius Chan|Sir Julius Chan]], 85, Papua New Guinean politician, [[Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea|prime minister]] (1980–1982, 1994–1997, 1997).<ref>[https://www.postcourier.com.pg/the-last-man-standing-falls/ The "last man standing" falls]</ref> *[[Marianne Faithfull]], 78, English singer ("[[As Tears Go By (song)|As Tears Go By]]"), songwriter ("[[Broken English (song)|Broken English]]") and actress (''[[The Girl on a Motorcycle]]'').<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cp8k931j423o Singer Marianne Faithfull dies at 78]</ref> ===29=== ===28=== *[[Horst Janson (actor)|Horst Janson]], 89, German actor (''[[The Buddenbrooks (1959 movie)|The Buddenbrooks]]'', ''[[Das Riesenrad]]'', ''[[Murphy's War]]''), complications from a stroke.<ref>[https://www.bild.de/unterhaltung/stars-und-leute/horst-janson-der-sesamstrasse-star-ist-tot-6798bb453205537d00c7365f Die „Sesamstraße“ weint! TV-Star Horst Janson (89) ist tot] {{in lang|de}}</ref> (death announced on this date) ===27=== *[[Alma Rosa Aguirre]], 95, Mexican actress (''[[The Stronger Sex (1946 movie)|The Stronger Sex]]'', ''[[Nosotras las taquígrafas]]'', ''[[The Border Man]]'').<ref>[https://www.milenio.com/espectaculos/famosos/muere-alma-rosa-aguirre-hermana-elsa-aguirre Muere Alma Rosa Aguirre, actriz del Cine de Oro mexicano y hermana de Elsa Aguirre, a los 95 años] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Yoon Dae-sung]], 85, South Korean playwright and screenwriter (''[[All That Falls Has Wings]]'', ''[[Black Republic]]'').<ref>[https://www.chosun.com/culture-life/performance-arts/2025/01/27/GTYMSHTSUZC65EHABVIGGTJDWE/ "어렵고 불편해 괴로움 줘야 진짜 연극"… 극작가 윤대성 별세] {{in lang|ko}}</ref> ===26=== *[[Shafi (director)|Shafi]], 56, Indian film director (''[[One Man Show (movie)|One Man Show]]'', ''[[Kalyanaraman (2002 movie)|Kalyanaraman]]'', ''[[Pulival Kalyanam]]''), complications from a stroke.<ref>[https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=1468886&u=popular-film-director-shafi-passes-away Popular film director Shafi passes away]</ref> *[[Igor Yankovsky]], 73, Russian actor (''[[Investigation Led by Experts]]'', ''[[The Suicide Club, or the Adventures of a Titled Person]]'', ''[[Charlotte's Necklace]]''), cirrhosis.<ref>[https://www.starhit.ru/novosti/umer-plemyannik-olega-yankovskogo-igor-stradavshii-ot-raka-6191019/ Умер племянник Олега Янковского Игорь, страдавший от рака] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> ===25=== *[[Dražen Dalipagić]], 73, Serbian [[Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] basketball player ([[KK Partizan|Partizan]], [[Reyer Venezia|Carrera Venezia]]) and coach ([[Nuova Pallacanestro Gorizia]]), Olympic champion ([[Basketball at the 1980 Summer Olympics|1980]]).<ref>[https://about.fiba.basketball/en/news/basketball-world-mourns-loss-of-serbian-legend-drazen-dalipagic Basketball world mourns loss of Serbian legend Drazen Dalipagic]</ref> *[[Ole Neumann]], 77, Danish actor (''[[Father of Four (movie)|Father of Four]]'', ''[[The Heir to Næsbygaard]]'', ''[[Father of Four on Bornholm]]'').<ref>[https://ekstrabladet.dk/underholdning/dkkendte/ole-lille-per-neumann-er-doed/10510385 Ole 'Lille Per' Neumann er død] {{in lang|da}}</ref> *[[Gloria Romero (actress)|Gloria Romero]], 91, Filipino actress (''[[Ilocana Maiden]]'', ''[[Iginuhit ng Tadhana (The Ferdinand E. Marcos Story)]]'', ''[[Condemned (1984 movie)|Condemned]]'').<ref>[https://www.bomboradyo.com/veteran-actress-gloria-romero-pumanaw-na-91 Veteran actress Gloria Romero pumanaw na, 91] {{in lang|tl}}</ref> ===24=== *[[Unk]], 42, American rapper ("[[Walk It Out (Unk song)|Walk It Out]]", "[[2 Step (song)|2 Step]]", "[[Show Out (Unk song)|Show Out]]").<ref>[https://blackamericaweb.com/2025/01/24/how-did-dj-unk-die/ DJ Unk, Known for “Walk It Out” and “2 Step”, Dead at 42]</ref> ===23=== ===22=== *[[Nicholas Eadie]], 67, Australian actor (''[[Vietnam (miniseries)|Vietnam]]'', ''[[The Man from Snowy River II]]'', ''[[Fragments of War: The Story of Damien Parer]]'', ''[[Cop Shop]]'').<ref>[https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/celebrity-deaths/aussie-tv-and-theatre-legend-nicholas-eadie-dead-at-67/news-story/aa838665ab8db849dae3e0939c932789 Aussie TV and theatre legend Nicholas Eadie dead at 67]</ref> * [[Wim van Elk]], 87, Dutch politician.<ref>[https://www.bd.nl/eindhoven/oud-burgemeester-van-helmond-wim-van-elk-87-overleden-burgemeester-sjoerd-potters-reageert-geschrokken-en-bedroefd~aa80e8ab/?cb=1db74fd6-cd74-4d15-aa4d-67e2c838a236&auth_rd=1 Oud-burgemeester van Helmond Wim van Elk (87) overleden, burgemeester Sjoerd Potters reageert ‘geschrokken en bedroefd’] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> ===21=== *[[Mauricio Funes]], 65, Salvadoran politician and convicted criminal, [[President of El Salvador|president]] (2009–2014).<ref>[https://www.barrons.com/news/ex-salvadoran-leader-mauricio-funes-dies-in-nicaragua-ec6ec769 Ex-Salvadoran Leader Mauricio Funes Dies In Nicaragua]</ref> *[[Garth Hudson]], 87, Canadian [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] musician ([[The Band]]) and keyboardist ("[[Chest Fever]]").<ref>[https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/music/garth-hudson-the-last-living-member-of-the-band-dead-at-87/article_983498e8-d7fc-11ef-ac3c-4b6836c7f137.html Garth Hudson, the last living member of The Band, dead at 87]</ref> ===20=== *[[Bertrand Blier]], 85, French film director (''[[Get Out Your Handkerchiefs]]'', ''[[Beau Pere]]'', ''[[Buffet froid]]'').<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2025/01/21/bertrand-blier-realisateur-et-scenariste-auteur-des-valseuses-est-mort-a-85-ans_6508368_3382.html Bertrand Blier, réalisateur et scénariste, auteur des « Valseuses », est mort à 85 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Luc Cauwenberghs]], 72, Belgian visual artist.<ref>[https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2025/01/23/kunstenaar-uit-tervuren-luc-cauwenberghs-overleden/ Kunstenaar Luc Cauwenberghs (72) overleden, maker van beelden van Nero en Urbanus] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Bob Kuban]], 84, American bandleader and musician ([[The Cheater (song)|"The Cheater"]]), stroke.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fox2now.com/news/missouri/bob-kuban-st-louis-musician-and-rock-roll-hall-of-famer-passes/ |title=Bob Kuban, St. Louis musician and Rock & Roll Hall of Famer, dead at 84 |access-date=2025-01-21 |archive-date=2025-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122145308/https://fox2now.com/news/missouri/bob-kuban-st-louis-musician-and-rock-roll-hall-of-famer-passes/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Harald Paalgard]], 74, Norwegian cinematographer (''[[Orion's Belt (movie)|Orion's Belt]]'', ''[[Dreamplay]]'', ''[[The Woman That Dreamed About a Man]]'').<ref>[https://www.nrk.no/nyheter/filmfotograf-harald-paalgard-er-dod-1.17214142 Filmfotograf Harald Paalgard er død] {{in lang|no}}</ref> *[[John Sykes]], 65, English guitarist ([[Tygers of Pan Tang]], [[Thin Lizzy]], [[Whitesnake]]), cancer.<ref>[https://blabbermouth.net/news/legendary-guitarist-john-sykes-dead-at-65 Legendary Guitarist John Sykes Dead At 65]</ref> (death announced on this date) ===19=== * [[Jan Mijnsbergen]], 86, Dutch politician.<ref>[https://www.parlement.com/id/vmk8iua0uan9/nieuws/oud_kamerlid_jan_mijnsbergen_pvda Oud-Kamerlid Jan Mijnsbergen (PvdA) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> * [[Mijndert Ververs]], 91, Dutch businessman.<ref>[https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2025/01/22/de-boodschappenjongen-die-met-wolters-kluwer-een-miljardenbedrijf-opbouwde-a4880529 De boodschappenjongen die met Wolters Kluwer een miljardenbedrijf opbouwde] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> ===18=== * [[Raymond Goossens]], 93, Belgian politician.<ref>[https://www.gva.be/cnt/dmf20250120_96850845 De man die eerste burgemeester werd van fusiegemeente Ranst: “Mon kon niet tegen conflicten”] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> * [[Jan Oudenaarden]], 81, Dutch writer, historian and columnist.<ref>[https://www.ad.nl/rotterdam/groot-feyenoord-fan-en-schrijver-jan-oudenaarden-81-overleden~aa32043e/ Groot Feyenoord-fan en schrijver Jan Oudenaarden (81) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Ze'ev Revach]], 84, Israeli actor (''[[Charlie Ve'hetzi]]'', ''[[Hagiga B'Snuker]]'', ''[[The Farewell Party]]'') and comedian.<ref>[https://www.ynet.co.il/entertainment/article/HyXjFEWYD זאב רווח, מגדולי שחקני ישראל, הלך לעולמו בגיל 84] {{in lang|he}}</ref> ===17=== *[[Denis Law]], 84, Scottish footballer ([[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], [[Huddersfield Town A.F.C.|Huddersfield Town]], [[Scotland national football team|national team]]), Alzheimer's disease.<ref>[https://sports.yahoo.com/denis-law-legendary-manchester-united-192908742.html Denis Law, legendary Manchester United and Scotland goalscorer, dies aged 84]</ref> *[[Russell Marshall]], 88, New Zealand politician, [[New Zealand Parliament|MP]] (1972–1990), minister of [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (New Zealand)|foreign affairs]] (1987–1990) and [[Minister of Education (New Zealand)|education]] (1984–1987).<ref>[https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/539385/former-minister-russell-marshall-dies-aged-88 Former minister Russell Marshall dies aged 88]</ref> ===16=== *[[David Lynch]], 78, American television and film director (''[[Twin Peaks]]'', ''[[Blue Velvet (movie)|Blue Velvet]]'', ''[[Mulholland Drive (movie)|Mulholland Drive]]''), visual artist and musician.<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/film/news/david-lynch-dead-director-blue-velvet-twin-peaks-1236276106/ David Lynch, Visionary Director of ‘Twin Peaks’ and ‘Blue Velvet,’ Dies at 78]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Joan Plowright|Dame Joan Plowright]], 95, English actress (''[[Enchanted April (1991 movie)|Enchanted April]]'', ''[[A Taste of Honey]]'', ''[[101 Dalmatians (1996 movie)|101 Dalmatians]]''), [[Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play|Tony]] winner ([[15th Tony Awards|1961]]).<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/film/global/joan-plowright-dead-acting-legend-laurence-olivier-widow-1236276923/ Joan Plowright, Acting Legend of Stage and Screen and Laurence Olivier’s Widow, Dies at 95]</ref> *[[Bob Uecker]], 90, American baseball player ([[St. Louis Cardinals]]), broadcaster ([[Milwaukee Brewers]]), and actor (''[[Mr. Belvedere]]''), lung cancer.<ref>[https://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/43439250/beloved-brewers-broadcaster-bob-uecker-dies-age-90 Beloved Brewers broadcaster Bob Uecker, 'Mr. Baseball,' dies at 90]</ref> *[[Shoji Ueda (cinematographer)|Shoji Ueda]], 87, Japanese cinematographer (''[[Ran (movie)|Ran]]'', ''[[Dreams (1990 movie)|Dreams]]'', ''[[After the Rain (movie)|After the Rain]]''), heart attack.<ref>[https://www.hokkaido-np.co.jp/article/1111788/ 上田正治さん死去　映画撮影監督] {{in lang|ja}}</ref> ===15=== *[[Anna Maria Ackermann]], 92, Italian actress (''[[Le inchieste del commissario Maigret]]'', ''[[The Skin (movie)|The Skin]]'', ''[['O Re]]'').<ref>[https://napoli.repubblica.it/cronaca/2025/01/15/news/anna_maria_ackermann_morta_attrice_eduardo-423941427/ Teatro, morta Anna Maria Ackermann: debuttò con Eduardo] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Christopher Benjamin (actor)|Christopher Benjamin]], 90, English actor (''[[Doctor Who]]'', ''[[Judge John Deed]]'', ''[[The Plague Dogs (movie)|The Plague Dogs]]'').<ref>[https://www.doctorwhonews.net/2025/01/christopher_benjamin_1934_2025.html#google_vignette Christopher Benjamin 1934–2025]</ref> *[[Diane Langton]], 77, English actress (''[[Hollyoaks]]'', ''[[Only Fools and Horses]]'', ''[[EastEnders]]'').<ref>[https://www.lbc.co.uk/news/only-fools-and-horses-star-soap-legend-diane-langton-dies-77/ Only Fools and Horses star and soap legend Diane Langton dies aged 77]</ref> *[[Melba Montgomery]], 86, American country singer ("[[No Charge]]", "[[Don't Let the Good Times Fool You (song)|Don't Let the Good Times Fool You]]", "[[Angel of the Morning]]") and songwriter.<ref>[https://tasteofcountry.com/melba-montgomery-dead-dies/ Legendary 'No Charge' Singer Melba Montgomery Dead at 86]</ref> *[[Willy Neven]], 76, Belgian politician, mayor of [[Halen]] (1983–1986; 1995–2012).<ref>[https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2025/01/16/ereburgemeester-van-halen-willy-neven-overleden-stad-opent-rouw/ Oud-burgemeester Willy Neven (76) van Halen overleden: "Strijder tegen wateroverlast" laat blijvende erfenis na] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Linda Nolan]], 65, Irish singer, actress and television personality ([[The Nolans]]), double pneumonia.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c1ezlgzj4vvo Singer Linda Nolan dies aged 65]</ref> *[[Rosny Smarth]], 84, Haitian politician, [[Prime Minister of Haiti|prime minister]] (1996–1997).<ref>[https://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article31331 Haïti : Décès de l’ancien premier ministre Rosny Smarth] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Jeannot Szwarc]], 85, French film director (''[[Jaws 2]]'', ''[[Supergirl (1984 movie)|Supergirl]]'', ''[[Santa Claus: The Movie]]'').<ref>[https://thedailyjaws.com/news/jaws-2-director-jeannot-szwarc-passes-away-aged-85 tor Jeannot Szwarc passes away aged 85]</ref> *[[Sarigama Viji]], 76, Indian actor (''[[Beluvalada Madilalli]]'', ''[[Mana Mecchida Sose]]'', ''[[Yamalokadalli Veerappan]]'').<ref>[https://www.oneindia.com/entertainment/kannada-actor-sarigama-vijay-passes-away-4042811.html Kannada Actor Sarigama Viji Passes Away At 76l]</ref> ===14=== *[[Marcel van den Dop]], 70, Dutch artist.<ref>[https://www.omroepwest.nl/nieuws/4926071/altijd-een-lach-en-grap-en-creativiteit-ten-top-kunstenaar-marcello-overleden 'Altijd een lach en grap en creativiteit ten top', kunstenaar Marcello overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Jack Kooistra]], 94, Dutch journalist and Nazi hunter.<ref>[https://nos.nl/artikel/2551765-jack-kooistra-94-overleden-man-die-schrik-van-roden-opspoorde Jack Kooistra (94) overleden, man die 'Schrik van Roden' opspoorde] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Tony Slattery]], 65, British actor (''[[The Crying Game]]'', ''[[Peter's Friends]]''), comedian and television personality (''[[Whose Line Is It Anyway? (British TV series)|Whose Line Is It Anyway?]]''), heart attack.<ref>[https://www.aol.co.uk/comedian-tony-slattery-dies-aged-140227095.html Comedian Tony Slattery dies aged 65 after heart attack]</ref> *[[Gerard van den Tweel]], 80, Dutch businessman, [[bile duct cancer]].<ref>[https://www.quotenet.nl/quote-500/in-memoriam/a63417983/in-memoriam-quote-500-lid-gerard-van-den-tweel-1944-2025/ In Memoriam: Quote 500-lid Gerard van den Tweel (1944-2025)] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> ===13=== *[[Jean Penders]], 85, Dutch politician, member of the [[European Parliament]] (1979–1994).<ref>[https://www.parlement.com/id/vmk2irjykogc/nieuws/oud_europarlementarier_jean_penders_cda Oud-Europarlementariër Jean Penders (CDA) overleden] {{in lang |nl}}</ref> ===12=== *[[Claude Jarman Jr.]], 90, American actor (''[[The Yearling]]'', ''[[Rio Grande (1950 movie)|Rio Grande]]'').<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/claude-jarman-dead-yearling-juvenile-oscar-1236107296/ Claude Jarman Jr., Young Star of ‘The Yearling,’ Dies at 90]</ref> *[[Kim Yaroshevskaya]], 101, Russian-born Canadian actress (''[[Fanfreluche]]'', ''[[Passe-Partout]]'', ''[[Home Fires (Canadian TV series)|Home Fires]]'').<ref>[https://www.lequotidien.com/arts/2025/01/12/la-comedienne-kim-yaroshevskaya-seteint-a-101-ans-2PBMB3SQ2VGJ7BUH2RKPME3TOY/ La comédienne Kim Yaroshevskaya s’éteint à 101 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> * [[Anton Vernooij]], 84, Dutch priest, composer and full professor.<ref>[https://www.aartsbisdom.nl/kerkmusicus-pastor-a-c-vernooij-overleden/ Kerkmusicus pastor A.C. Vernooij overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> ===11=== *[[Barbara Rylska]], 88, Polish actress.<ref>[https://kultura.onet.pl/film/nie-zyje-ikona-polskiego-kina-barbara-rylska-odeszla-w-wieku-89-lat/eh4sz6x Nie żyje ikona polskiego kina. Barbara Rylska odeszła w wieku 89 lat] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> ===10=== *[[Cees Bakker]], 85, Dutch politician.<ref>[https://www.hetkontakt.nl/alblasserwaard/nieuws/412124/kees-bakker-oud-burgemeester-van-giessenlanden-overleden Kees Bakker, oud-burgemeester van Giessenlanden, overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Yevgenia Dobrovolskaya]], 60, Russian actress (''[[Queen Margot (TV series)|Queen Margot]]'', ''[[The Irony of Fate 2]]'', ''[[Guys from Mars]]''), complications from cancer and heart failure.<ref>[https://www.rbc.ru/society/10/01/2025/678147e59a79472b64f7a234 Умерла Евгения Добровольская] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[Sam Moore]], 89, American [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] singer-songwriter ([[Sam & Dave]]), complications from surgery.<ref>[https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/sam-moore-sam-and-dave-soul-man-dead-obituary-1235140865/ Sam Moore, Soul Man Who Scored Hits With Sam and Dave, Dead at 89]</ref> *[[Theo Rongen]], 81, Dutch music director and politician, mayor of [[Thorn]] (1997-2011).<ref>[https://www.klankwijzer.nl/oud-bestuurder-theo-rongen-81-overleden/ Oud-bestuurder Theo Rongen (81) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Bram Van Paesschen]], 45, Belgian movie director (''[[Empire of Dust]]'').<ref>[https://www.bruzz.be/actua/samenleving/brusselse-documentairemaker-bram-van-paesschen-45-overleden-2025-01-12 Brusselse documentairemaker Bram Van Paesschen (45) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> ===9=== *[[Harlind Libbrecht]], 65, Belgian musician ([[Kadril]]) and academic.<ref>[https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2025/01/09/harlind-libbrecht-kluisbergen-gent-kadril-folk-muziek/ Harlind Libbrecht, muzikant en mede-oprichter van folk-rockgroep Kadril, overleden]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Jorge Luis Sánchez]], 64, Cuban film director (''[[El Benny]]'', ''[[Buscando a Casal]]'').<ref>[https://www.granma.cu/cultura/2025-01-09/fallecio-el-cineasta-cubano-jorge-luis-sanchez-director-de-el-benny-09-01-2025-09-01-12 Falleció el cineasta cubano Jorge Luis Sánchez, director de El Benny] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Marc Michetz]], 73, Belgian comics artist.<ref>[https://www.stripspeciaalzaak.be/stripnieuws/marc-michetz-73-overleden Marc Michetz (73) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Otto Schenk]], 94, Austrian actor (''[[Dunja (movie)|Dunja]]'', ''[[Always Trouble with the Reverend]]''), film (''[[Die Fledermaus (1972 movie)|Die Fledermaus]]'') and theatre director.<ref>[https://orf.at/stories/3001001/ Otto Schenk ist tot] {{in lang|de}}</ref> ===8=== *[[Pritish Nandy]], 73, Indian poet, film producer (''[[Bollywood Calling]]'', ''[[The Mystic Masseur]]''), and politician, [[Rajya Sabha|MP]] (1998–2004), cardiac arrest.<ref>[https://odishabytes.com/poet-filmmaker-writer-pritish-nandy-dies-at-73-heartbroken-friend-anupam-kher-pays-rich-tribute/ Poet, Filmmaker, Writer Pritish Nandy Dies At 73; ‘Heartbroken’ Friend Anupam Kher Pays Rich Tribute]</ref> ===7=== *[[Jaap Dijkstra]], 81, Dutch politician.<ref>[https://publicatie-onlinerouwbericht.dpgmedia.nl/Images/a729e6ef-5ccb-c951-8b21-d52258c5380f.jpeg death announcement], ''[[de Stentor]]''</ref> *[[Jean-Marie Le Pen]], 96, French politician, [[National Assembly (France)|deputy]] (1956–1962, 1986–1988) and [[European Parliament|MEP]] (1984–2019), founder of [[National Rally|National Front]].<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jan/07/jean-marie-le-pen-french-far-right-leader-dies Jean-Marie Le Pen, French far-right leader, dies aged 96]</ref> *[[Mirosława Marcheluk]], 85, Polish actress (''[[Hero of the Year (movie)|Hero of the Year]]'', ''[[Magnat (movie)|Magnat]]'').<ref>[https://dzienniklodzki.pl/zmarla-miroslawa-marcheluk-znakomita-aktorka-przez-wiele-lat-zwiazana-z-lodzia/ar/c13-19026458 Zmarła Mirosława Marcheluk, znakomita aktorka przez wiele lat związana z Łodzią] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> *[[Walter Martos]], 67, Peruvian military officer and politician, [[Prime Minister of Peru|prime minister]] (2020) and [[Ministry of Defence (Peru)|minister of defence]] (2019–2020).<ref>[https://larepublica.pe/politica/2025/01/07/fallecio-walter-martos-ex-primer-ministro-del-gobierno-de-martin-vizcarra-a-los-67-anos-hnews-458318 Falleció Walter Martos, exministro del gobierno de Martín Vizcarra, a los 67 años] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Hans Prakke]], 75, Dutch journalist.<ref>[https://www.spreekbuis.nl/journalist-hans-prakke-overleden/ Journalist Hans Prakke (75) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Pim Vermeulen]], 77, Dutch politician.<ref>[https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2025/01/11/pim-vermeulen-onverschrokken-stadsvernieuwer-van-rotterdam-a4879250 Pim Vermeulen: onverschrokken stadsvernieuwer van Rotterdam] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Peter Yarrow]], 86, American singer ([[Peter, Paul and Mary]], "[[Leaving on a Jet Plane]]") and songwriter ("[[Puff, the Magic Dragon]]"), bladder cancer.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/music/2025/jan/07/peter-yarrow-of-folk-trio-peter-paul-and-mary-dies-aged-86 Peter Yarrow of folk trio Peter, Paul and Mary dies aged 86]</ref> ===6=== *[[Henny Eman]], 76, Aruban politician, [[Prime Minister of Aruba|prime minister]] (1986–1989, 1994–2001).<ref>[https://www.nd.nl/varia/varia/1252822/eerste-premier-van-aruba-henny-eman-76-overleden Eerste premier van Aruba Henny Eman (76) overleden] {{in lang|nl}} {{subscription}} </ref> ===5=== * [[René Bliki]], 98, Belgian resistance member, war volunteer and sport cyclist.<ref>[https://www.persinfo.org/nl/nieuws/artikel/oorlogsvrijwilliger-rene-bliki-overleden/61974 Oorlogsvrijwilliger René Bliki overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Bobby Matitahatiwen]], 65, Dutch futsal player ([[Netherlands national futsal team|national team]]).<ref>[https://www.onsoranje.nl/node/81845 Voormalig futsalinternational Bobby Matitahatiwen (65) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Prabir Mitra]], 83, Bangladeshi actor (''[[Titash Ekti Nadir Naam]]'', ''[[Boro Bhalo Lok Chhilo]]'', ''[[Buk Fatey To Mukh Foteyna]]'').<ref>[https://www.daily-sun.com/post/785405 Prabir Mitra passes away]</ref> * [[Henri Willy Pleket]], 94, Dutch historian, [[epigrapher]] and university professor.<ref>[https://www.nrc.nl/krant/2025/01/11/#428 death announcement], ''[[NRC Handelsblad]], 11 January 2025''</ref> *[[Costas Simitis]], 88, Greek politician, [[Prime Minister of Greece|prime minister]] (1996–2004), and [[Hellenic Parliament|MP]] (1985–2009).<ref>[https://www.barrons.com/news/former-greek-pm-costas-simitis-dies-aged-88-ea144ae0 Former Greek PM Costas Simitis Dies Aged 88]</ref> ===4=== *[[José Luis Beltrán]], 69, Spanish basketball player ([[CB Estudiantes]], [[Spain men's national basketball team|national team]]).<ref>[https://basquetplus.com/basquet-plus-acb-espana-jose-luis-beltran-el-patas-estudiantes-madrid-gran-canaria Murió el Patas Beltrán, primer argentino en jugar la liga española] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Jules D'Oultremont]], 77, Belgian politician, mayor of [[Houthalen-Helchteren]] (2001-2003).<ref>[https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/dmf20250104_94791512 Oud-burgemeester Jules D’Oultremont van Houthalen-Helchteren overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Emilio Echevarría]], 80, Mexican actor (''[[Amores perros]]'', ''[[Die Another Day]]'', ''[[The Alamo (2004 movie)|The Alamo]]'').<ref>[https://www.excelsior.com.mx/funcion/muere-emilio-echevarria-actor-interpreto-el-chivo-amores-perros/1692626 Muere Emilio Echevarría, querido actor que interpretó a "El Chivo" en "Amores Perros"] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Nicolaas Klei]], 63, Dutch wine critic.<ref>[https://nos.nl/artikel/2550749-wijnschrijver-nicolaas-klei-63-overleden-bekend-van-supermarktwijngids Wijnschrijver Nicolaas Klei (63) overleden, bekend van Supermarktwijngids] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Anjana Sultana]], 59, Bangladeshi actress (''[[Parineeta (1986 movie)|Parineeta]]'', ''[[Ashikkhito]]''), lung infection.<ref>[https://www.bd24live.com/actress-anjana-rahman-passes-away/ Actress Anjana Rahman Passes Away]</ref> ===3=== *[[Jeff Baena]], 47, American film director and screenwriter (''[[The Little Hours]]'', ''[[Horse Girl]]'', ''[[Spin Me Round]]''), suicide.<ref>[https://deadline.com/2025/01/jeff-baena-dead-47-independent-filmmaker-1236246487/ Indie Filmmaker Jeff Baena Has Passed Away At 47]</ref> *[[André De Maerteleire]], 80, Belgian cyclist.<ref>[https://www.wielerkrant.be/nieuws/2025-01-05/belgische-wielerwereld-opnieuw-in-rouw-oud-wielrenner-andre-de-maerteleire-overleden-op-80-jarige-leeftijd Belgische wielerwereld opnieuw in rouw: oud-wielrenner André De Maerteleire overleden op 80-jarige leeftijd] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Shigemi Fukahori]], 93, Japanese peace activist.<ref>[https://edition.cnn.com/2025/01/05/asia/shigemi-fukahori-nagasaki-bomb-survivor-dead-intl-hnk/index.html Shigemi Fukahori, who survived Nagasaki bombing and spent his life advocating for peace, dies at 93]</ref> *[[Guus Luijters]], 81, Dutch writer and journalist.<ref>[https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2025/01/03/guus-luijters-gaf-bijna-20000-gedeporteerde-en-vermoorde-kinderen-een-gezicht-a4878485 Guus Luijters gaf bijna 20.000 gedeporteerde en vermoorde kinderen een gezicht] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Mauro Morandi]], 89, Italian island hermit ([[Budelli]]).<ref>[https://www.giornaledellavela.com/2025/01/06/farewell-to-mauro-morandi-the-hermit-guardian-of-the-island-of-budelli/?lang=en Farewell to Mauro Morandi, the hermit “guardian” of the island of Budelli]</ref> *[[Jos Plas]], 94, Belgian cyclist.<ref>[https://www.ringtv.be/sport/ex-profwielrenner-jos-plas-94-uit-dilbeek-overleden Ex-profwielrenner Jos Plas (94) uit Dilbeek overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Tariana Turia|Dame Tariana Turia]], 80, New Zealand politician, [[New Zealand Parliament|MP]] (1996–2014) and [[minister for the Community and Voluntary Sector]] (2003–2004, 2008–2011), stroke.<ref>[https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/politics/te-pati-maori-co-founder-dame-tariana-turia-dies/XXDWZXIRAJE5ZEBGONKUQBHLKY/ Te Pāti Māori co-founder Dame Tariana Turia dies]</ref> *[[Brenton Wood]], 83, American singer ("[[The Oogum Boogum Song]]", "[[Gimme Little Sign]]").<ref>[https://www.tmz.com/2025/01/03/brenton-wood-dead-singer-oogum-boogum/ 'Oogum Boogum' Singer Brenton Wood Dead at 83]</ref> ===2=== *[[Jytte Abildstrøm]], 90, Danish actress (''[[Helle for Helene]]'', ''[[Don Olsen kommer til byen]]'', ''[[The Adventures of Picasso]]''), kidney disease.<ref>[https://underholdning.tv2.dk/kendte/2025-01-02-jytte-abildstroem-er-doed Jytte Abildstrøm er død] {{in lang|da}}</ref> *[[Pieter Hofstra]], 78, Dutch politician, [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|MP]] (1994-2006) and [[Senate (Netherlands)|Senator]] (2007-2011).<ref>[https://www.rtvnoord.nl/politiek/1254381/gronings-vvd-kamerlid-pieter-hofstra-78-overleden Gronings VVD-Kamerlid Pieter Hofstra (78) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> ===1=== *[[Meine Breemhaar]], 64, Dutch businessman and sports official, president of [[PEC Zwolle]] (2020-2025).<ref>[https://www.omroepflevoland.nl/nieuws/410378/meine-breemhaar-64-overleden-succesvol-vastgoedondernemer-en-sponsor-pec-zwolle Meine Breemhaar (64) overleden, succesvol vastgoedondernemer en sponsor PEC Zwolle] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Leo Dan]], 82, Argentine singer, composer and actor (''[[Story of a Poor Young Man (1968 movie)|Story of a Poor Young Man]]'', ''[[Cómo te extraño]]'').<ref>[https://caracol.com.co/2025/01/01/fallecio-leo-dan-cantante-y-compositor-argentino-a-sus-82-anos/ Luto en la música: Falleció Leo Dan, cantante y compositor argentino, a sus 82 años] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Nora Orlandi]], 91, Italian musician and film composer (''[[The Strange Vice of Mrs. Wardh]]'', ''[[Johnny Yuma (movie)|Johnny Yuma]]'', ''[[Clint the Stranger]]'').<ref>[https://www.spettakolo.it/2025/01/01/addio-a-nora-orlandi-aveva-91-anni/ Addio a Nora Orlandi, aveva 91 anni] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Wayne Osmond]], 73, American singer ([[The Osmonds]]) and songwriter ("[[Crazy Horses]]", "[[Let Me In (The Osmonds song)|Let Me In]]"), stroke.<ref>[https://kslnewsradio.com/2168326/wayne-osmond-dies-at-73-years-old/ Wayne Osmond dies at 73]</ref> *[[Vittorio Pomilio]], 93, Italian basketball player ([[Stella Azzurra Roma]], [[Italy men's national basketball team|national team]]).<ref>[https://www.rainews.it/tgr/abruzzo/articoli/2025/01/addio-a-vittorio-pomilio-francavilla-al-mare-chieti-abruzzo-basket-91f4a972-34e3-4854-b708-ea04ae0c6e4c.html Addio a Vittorio Pomilio] {{in lang|it}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *[https://www.theguardian.com/tone/obituaries ''The Guardian'' (UK) obituaries] *[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/ ''The Telegraph'' (UK) obituaries] *[http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/obituaries/ Obituaries, ''Chicago Tribune''] *[https://latimes.com/news/obituaries/ Obituaries, ''Los Angeles Times''] *[https://www.nytimes.com/pages/obituaries/index.html ''The New York Times'', obituaries] *[https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/obituaries/ ''The Washington Post'' obituaries] *[http://www.smh.com.au/obituaries ''The Sydney Morning Herald'' (Australia) obituaries] {{s-start}} {{s-bef|before=[[Deaths in 2024]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Deaths by year}} {{s-aft|after=[[Deaths in 2026]]}} {{s-end}} {{Deaths by month and year}} [[Category:2025 deaths|2025 deaths]] mo8bmi9tvq5bgofegrti9ypvv97ks6d 10369390 10369386 2025-07-03T11:00:19Z 2A01:4B00:BC1A:300:5996:7C83:CB2:C4CA 10369390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{redlinks|date=May 2025}} The following is a list of notable deaths that happened in the year [[2025]]. Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by their last name, or [[pseudonym]]. Deaths of non-humans are also noted here, if worth noting. ==Criteria== Every entry [[Wikipedia:SOURCE|is backed by a source]]. Proper citations are used and no bare URLs so as to prevent link rot. The following are the requirements for adding a name to the list in its order: [[Name]], [[age]], origin, what the person is known for and his or her [[cause of death]] – if known – and a source for verification. {{TOC right}} ==July== ===Diogo Jota, 28, Liverpool FC Forward and Portuguese Footballer=== ===2=== *[[Agliberto Meléndez]], 82, [[Dominican Republic|Dominican]] film director (''[[One Way Ticket (1988 movie)|One Way Ticket]]'').<ref>[https://elnuevodiario.com.do/fallece-el-cineasta-agliberto-melendez-pionero-del-cine-dominicano/ Fallece el cineasta Agliberto Meléndez, pionero del cine dominicano] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Babu Meman]], 73, Zimbabwean cricketer ([[Shropshire County Cricket Club|Shropshire]], [[Zimbabwe national cricket team|national team]]).<ref>[https://africa.espn.com/cricket/story/_/id/45643984/former-zimbabwe-spinner-team-manager-meman-dies-73 Former Zimbabwe spinner and team manager Meman dies at 73]</ref> (death announced on this date) ===1=== *[[Florence Delay]], 84, French writer and actress (''[[The Trial of Joan of Arc]]'', ''[[Le Jouet criminel]]'', ''[[Écoute voir]]''), member of the [[Académie Française]].<ref>[https://www.academie-francaise.fr/actualites/deces-de-mme-florence-delay-f10 Décès de Mme Florence Delay (F10)] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Maureen Hingert]], 88, Sri Lankan actress (''[[Fort Bowie (movie)|Fort Bowie]]'', ''[[Gun Fever (movie)|Gun Fever]]'', ''[[The Adventures of Hiram Holliday]]'').<ref>[https://www.dailynews.lk/2025/07/01/admin-catagories/breaking-news/806671/sri-lankas-first-hollywood-starlet-and-miss-universe-finalist-passes-away-at-88/ Sri Lanka’s First Hollywood Starlet and Miss Universe Finalist, Passes Away at 88]</ref> (death announced on this date) ==June== ===30=== ===29=== * [[Andrew Cuomo]] 67 American Government *[[Sandy Gall]], 97, Scottish journalist and television presenter.<ref>[https://www.itv.com/news/2025-06-30/legendary-itv-news-presenter-sandy-gall-dies-aged-97 Legendary ITV News presenter Sandy Gall dies aged 97]</ref> ===28=== *[[Mabandla Dlamini]], 94, Swazi politician, [[List of prime ministers of Eswatini|prime minister]] (1979–1983).<ref>[https://www.swazilandnews.co.za/fundza.php?nguyiphi=9380 King Mswati’s Advisor and former Prime Minister Prince Mabandla dies,Spokesperson Percy Simelane says “he was the pillar of the Nation”]</ref> *[[Wayne Larkins]], 71, English cricketer ([[Northamptonshire County Cricket Club|Northamptonshire]], [[England cricket team|national team]]).<ref>[https://nccc.co.uk/news/remembering-wayne-larkins/ Remembering Wayne Larkins]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Dave Parker]], 74, American [[National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum|Hall of Fame]] baseball player ([[Cincinnati Reds]], [[Pittsburgh Pirates]], [[Oakland Athletics]]), [[World Series]] champion ([[1979 World Series|1979]], [[1989 World Series|1989]]), complications from Parkinson's disease.<ref>[https://www.wlwt.com/article/former-reds-player-dave-parker-dead-at-74/65236095 Former Reds player Dave Parker dead at 74]</ref> ===26=== *[[Rick Hurst]], 79, American actor (''[[The Dukes of Hazzard]]'', ''[[Steel Magnolias]]'', ''[[Earth Girls Are Easy]]'').<ref>[https://www.tmz.com/2025/06/26/dukes-of-hazzard-actor-richard-hurst-dead/ Richard Hurst, 'Dukes of Hazzard' Star, Dead at 79]</ref> *[[Takutai Tarsh Kemp]], New Zealand politician, [[New Zealand Parliament|MP]] (since 2023), kidney disease.<ref>[https://www.1news.co.nz/2025/06/26/te-pati-maori-mp-takutai-tarsh-kemp-dies/ Te Pāti Māori MP Takutai Tarsh Kemp dies]</ref> ===24=== *[[Guzh Manukyan]], 88, Armenian actor (''[[Nahapet]]'', ''[[The Song of the Old Days]]''), [[People's Artist of the Armenian SSR]] (1980).<ref>[https://arminfo.info/full_news.php?id=92528 Из жизни ушел выдающийся армянский актер Гуж Манукян] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[Bobby Sherman]], 81, American singer ("[[Easy Come, Easy Go]]", "[[Julie, Do Ya Love Me]]") and [[teen idol]], [[kidney cancer]].<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/music/news/bobby-sherman-dead-singer-actor-1236439296/ Bobby Sherman, Heartthrob Singer and TV Actor of the 1970s, Dies at 81]</ref>. *[[Alvaro Vitali]], 75, Italian actor (''[[Pierino colpisce ancora]]'', ''[[L'onorevole con l'amante sotto il letto]]'', ''[[Roma (1972 movie)|Roma]]''), bronchopneumonia.<ref>[https://www.ilmessaggero.it/en/remembering_alvaro_vitali-8917618.html Remembering Alvaro Vitali] {{in lang|it}}</ref> ===23=== *[[Dilip Doshi]], 77, Indian cricketer ([[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]], [[Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club|Nottinghamshire]], [[India national cricket team|national team]]), cardiac arrest.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/former-india-spinner-dilip-doshi-passes-away-at-77/articleshow/122031504.cms Former India spinner Dilip Doshi passes away at 77]</ref> *[[Lea Massari]], 91, Italian actress (''[[L'Avventura]]'', ''[[Murmur of the Heart]]'', ''[[Christ Stopped at Eboli (movie)|Christ Stopped at Eboli]]'').<ref>[https://www.adnkronos.com/spettacoli/addio-a-lea-massari-la-diva-discreta-del-cinema-italiano-aveva-91-anni_1sRjjco91VSOxBQXTqsWNN Addio a Lea Massari, la diva discreta del cinema italiano aveva 91 anni] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Mick Ralphs]], 81, English [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame| Hall of Fame]] guitarist ([[Mott the Hoople]], [[Bad Company]]) and songwriter ("[[Feel Like Makin' Love (Bad Company song)|Feel Like Makin' Love]]"), complications from a stroke.<ref>[https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/mick-ralphs-guitarist-bad-company-mott-the-hoople-dead-1235370273/ Mick Ralphs, Guitarist in Bad Company and Mott the Hoople, Dead at 81]</ref> (death announced on this date) ===21=== *[[David Lawrence (cricketer)|David Lawrence]], 61, English cricketer ([[Gloucestershire County Cricket Club|Gloucestershire]], [[England cricket team|national team]]), complications from motor neurone disease.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/jun/22/david-syd-lawrence-former-england-cricketer-dies-aged-61 David ‘Syd’ Lawrence, former England cricketer, dies aged 61]</ref> *[[Mikayla Raines]], 29, owner of charity [[SaveAFox Rescue]] and YouTube channel Saveafox<ref>{{Cite web|last=Producer|first=Stephen Swanson Web|last2=in 2011|first2=CBS Minnesota Stephen Swanson is a web producer at CBS News Minnesota Stephen was a floor director for a decade before moving to the WCCO-TV newsroom|last3=Swanson|first3=where he focuses on general assignment reporting Read Full Bio Stephen|date=2025-06-24|title=Mikayla Raines, founder of Minnesota's Save A Fox rescue, dies at 29, husband says - CBS Minnesota|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/mikayla-raines-dies-save-a-fox-rescue/|access-date=2025-06-24|website=www.cbsnews.com|language=en-US}}</ref> *[[Valentina Talyzina]], 90, Russian actress (''[[The Road to 'Saturn']]'', ''[[Zigzag of Success]]'', ''[[Afonya]]''), [[People's Artist of the RSFSR]] (1985).<ref>[https://161.ru/text/incidents/2025/06/21/75619511/ Ушла из жизни народная артистка Валентина Талызина. Ее голосом разговаривала и пела мама Дяди Федора из «Простоквашино»] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> ===20=== *[[Marita Camacho Quirós]], 114, Costa Rican supercentenarian, [[First ladies and gentlemen of Costa Rica|first lady]] (1962–1966).<ref>[https://longeviquest.com/2025/06/marita-camacho-quiros-oldest-costa-rican-on-record-dies-at-114/ Marita Camacho Quirós, Oldest Costa Rican on Record, Dies at 114]</ref> *[[Ian McLauchlan]], 83, Scottish rugby union player ([[Scotland national rugby union team|national team]], [[British & Irish Lions]]).<ref>[https://scottishrugby.org/obituary-ian-mclauchlan/ Obituary: Ian McLauchlan]</ref> ===19=== *[[Jack Betts]], 96, American actor (''[[Spider-Man (2002 movie)|Spider-Man]]'', ''[[Sugar Colt]]'', ''[[Gods and Monsters (movie)|Gods and Monsters]]'').<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jack-betts-dead-spider-man-spaghetti-westerns-hunt-powers-1236296256/ Jack Betts, Actor in Spaghetti Westerns and ‘Spider-Man,’ Dies at 96]</ref> *[[Gailard Sartain]], 78, American actor (''[[Hee Haw]]'', ''[[Ernest Saves Christmas]]'', ''[[Mississippi Burning]]'').<ref>[https://tulsaworld.com/life-entertainment/local/movies-tv/article_7295af07-d754-4a9e-86df-1b1938c5ae5e.html Tulsa actor and longtime 'Hee Haw' cast member Gailard Sartain dies]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Guido Tenesi]], 71, American ice hockey player ([[Hershey Bears]]) and actor (''[[Slap Shot (movie)|Slap Shot]]'').<ref>[https://nypost.com/2025/06/20/sports/slap-shot-actor-hershey-bears-hockey-player-guido-tenesi-dead-at-71/ ‘Slap Shot’ actor, hockey player Guido Tenesi dead at 71: ‘You’re forever a Chief’]</ref> ===18=== *[[Lou Christie]], 82, American singer-songwriter ("[[Lightnin' Strikes]]", "[[I'm Gonna Make You Mine (Lou Christie song)|I'm Gonna Make You Mine]]"), cancer.<ref>[https://bestclassicbands.com/lou-christie-lightnin-strikes-obituary-6-18-25/ Lou Christie, ‘Lightnin’ Strikes’ Singer, Dead at 82]</ref> *[[Natalya Tenyakova]], 80, Russian actress (''[[Love and Pigeons]]'', ''[[Older Sister]]'', ''[[A Frenchman]]'').<ref>[https://iz.ru/en/1905626/2025-06-18/peoples-artist-russian-federation-natalia-tenyakova-died-age-80 People's Artist of the Russian Federation Natalia Tenyakova died at the age of 80]</ref> ===17=== *[[Anne Burrell]], 55, American [[chef]] and [[television presenter]] (''Worst Cooks in America'').<ref>[https://www.msn.com/en-us/tv/news/anne-burrell-food-network-star-and-worst-cooks-in-america-host-dies-at-55/ar-AA1GUCHc?ocid=BingNewsSerp Anne Burrell, Food Network star and 'Worst Cooks in America' host, dies at 55]</ref> *[[Alfred Brendel]], 94, Austrian pianist living in London.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2025/06/17/alfred-brendel-le-pianiste-qui-tutoyait-beethoven-et-schubert-est-mort_6613911_3382.html|title=Alfred Brendel, le pianiste qui tutoyait Beethoven et Schubert, est mort|publisher=Le Monde|accessdate=17 June 2025|date=17 June 2025|language=French}}</ref> ===16=== *[[Ron Taylor (baseball)|Ron Taylor]], 87, Canadian baseball player ([[St. Louis Cardinals]], [[New York Mets]]) and team physician ([[Toronto Blue Jays]]), four-time [[World Series]] champion.<ref>[https://medicinehatnews.com/sports/national-sports/2025/06/16/ron-taylor-a-former-major-league-pitcher-and-longtime-blue-jays-doctor-dead-at-87/ Ron Taylor, a former major-league pitcher and longtime Blue Jays doctor, dead at 87]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Kim Woodburn]], 83, English television personality (''[[How Clean Is Your House?]]'')<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cd783228vvro Reality star Kim Woodburn dies at 83]</ref> *[[Manuel Zarzo]], 93, Spanish actor (''[[The Delinquents (1960 movie)|The Delinquents]]'', ''[[The Song of the Nightingale (movie)|The Song of the Nightingale]]'', ''[[My Love Is Called Margarita]]'').<ref>[https://www.g24.gal/-/morre-o-actor-manolo-zarzo-aos-93-anos Morre o actor Manolo Zarzo aos 93 anos] {{in lang|gl}}</ref> ===15=== ===14=== *[[Violeta Chamorro]], 95, Nicaraguan politician, [[President of Nicaragua|president]] (1990–1997), member of the [[Junta of National Reconstruction]] (1979–1980).<ref>[https://www.marketscreener.com/news/latest/Nicaragua-s-first-female-president-Chamorro-dies-at-95-50243718/ Nicaragua's first female president Chamorro dies at 95]</ref> *[[Kollangudi Karuppayee]], 99, Indian folk singer and actress (''[[Aan Paavam]]'', [[Gopala Gopala (1996 movie)|''Gopala Gopala'']], ''[[Kabadi Kabadi (2001 movie)|Kabadi Kabadi]]'').<ref>[https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/veteran-actress-and-folk-singer-kollangudi-karuppayi-passes-away-at-99-837031 Veteran actress and folk singer Kollangudi Karuppayi passes away at 99]</ref> *[[Topsy Küppers]], 93, Austrian actress (''[[Guitars of Love]]'', ''[[Three Girls from the Rhine]]''), singer, and writer.<ref>[https://oe1.orf.at/artikel/720487/Topsy-Kueppers-verstorben Topsy Küppers verstorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> (death announced on this date) ===13=== *[[Katerina Yioulaki]], 87, Greek actress (''[[The Dodger (movie)|The Dodger]]'', ''[[Oi kyries tis avlis]]'', ''[[Gia mia choufta Touristries]]'').<ref>[https://www.zougla.gr/politismos/pethane-i-katerina-gioulaki-se-ilikia-87-eton/ Πέθανε η Κατερίνα Γιουλάκη σε ηλικία 87 ετών] {{in lang|el}}</ref> ===12=== *[[Maurice Gee]], 93, New Zealand author (''[[Under the Mountain (novel)|Under the Mountain]]'', ''[[In My Father's Den]]'', ''[[Plumb (novel series)|Plumb]]''), [[Arts Foundation of New Zealand#Icon Award|AFNZ Icon]] (since 2003).<ref>[https://www.thepress.co.nz/nz-news/360724081/writer-maurice-gee-has-died ‘A remarkable legacy in New Zealand literature’ - writer Maurice Gee has died]</ref> *[[Clifton Jones]], 87, Jamaican-British actor (''[[Space: 1999]]'', ''[[Watership Down (movie)|Watership Down]]'', ''[[China Moon]]'').<ref>[https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/clifton-jones-space-1999-dead-newsupdate/ Clifton Jones – Space: 1999, The Professionals and Z-Cars actor – dies, aged 87]</ref> ===11=== *[[Ayumu Saito]], 60, Japanese actor (''[[Ju-On: The Grudge 2]]'', ''[[The Angel's Egg]]'', ''[[Journey Under the Midnight Sun]]''), [[urothelial carcinoma]].<ref>[https://www.htb.co.jp/news/archives_31910.html 訃報　斎藤歩さん（６０）死去　札幌在住の俳優・劇作家・演出家　北海道の演劇界を長くけん引] {{in lang|ja}}</ref> *[[Brian Wilson]], 82, American [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] musician ([[The Beach Boys]]), songwriter ("[[Good Vibrations]]"), and record producer (''[[Pet Sounds]]'').<ref>[https://apnews.com/article/brian-wilson-dies-beach-boys-2272762e46c46820a7af09ffc73cb9a6 Brian Wilson, Beach Boys visionary leader and summer’s poet laureate, dies at 82]</ref> (death announced on this date) ===10=== ===9=== *[[Frederick Forsyth]], 86, English novelist (''[[The Day of the Jackal]]'', ''[[The Odessa File]]'', ''[[The Fourth Protocol]]'').<ref>[https://apnews.com/article/frederick-forsyth-death-day-of-jackal-983275d4e161aa29e42dc09255c9c721 ‘Day of the Jackal’ author Frederick Forsyth dies at 86]</ref> *[[Partho Ghosh]], 75, Indian filmmaker (''[[100 Days (1991 movie)|100 Days]]'', ''[[Dalaal]]'', ''[[Agni Sakshi (1996 movie)|Agni Sakshi]]'').<ref>[https://ianslive.in/100-days-dalaal-director-partho-ghosh-passes-away--20250609100402 ‘100 Days’, 'Dalaal' director Partho Ghosh passes away]</ref> *[[Pik-Sen Lim]], 80, Malaysian-British actress (''[[Emergency Ward 10]]'', ''[[Mind Your Language]]'', ''[[Johnny English Reborn]]'').<ref>[https://www.malaymail.com/news/showbiz/2025/06/13/malaysian-born-actress-pik-sen-lim-known-for-roles-in-mind-your-language-doctor-who-and-johnny-english-reborn-dies-at-80/180215 Malaysian-born actress Pik-Sen Lim, known for roles in ‘Mind Your Language’, ‘Doctor Who’ and ‘Johnny English Reborn’, dies at 80]</ref> *[[Sly Stone]], 82, American [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] musician ([[Sly and the Family Stone]]) and songwriter ("[[Everyday People]]", "[[Family Affair (Sly and the Family Stone song)|Family Affair]]"), [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|COPD]].<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/music/news/sly-stone-dead-funk-rock-pioneer-family-stone-1236423831/ Sly Stone, Funk-Rock Pioneer Who Led the Family Stone, Dies at 82]</ref> ===8=== *[[Ewa Dałkowska]], 78, Polish actress (''[[Nights and Days]]'', ''[[Without Anesthesia]]'', ''[[A Year of the Quiet Sun]]'').<ref>[https://rozrywka.dorzeczy.pl/738075/ewa-dalkowska-nie-zyje-wybitna-aktorka-miala-78-lat.html Nie żyje wybitna aktorka. Miała 78 lat] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> *[[Vladimír Smutný]], 82, Czech cinematographer (''[[Forbidden Dreams]]'', ''[[Kolya]]'', ''[[The Painted Bird (movie)|The Painted Bird]]'').<ref>[https://english.radio.cz/renowned-czech-cameraman-vladimir-smutny-dies-82-8853372 Renowned Czech cameraman Vladimír Smutný dies at 82]</ref> *[[Stu Wilson]], 70, New Zealand rugby union player ([[Wellington Rugby Football Union|Wellington]], [[New Zealand national rugby union team|national team]]).<ref>[https://www.planetrugby.com/news/all-blacks-and-wellington-legend-dies-as-wallabies-great-pays-tribute-to-great-mate All Blacks and Wellington legend dies as Wallabies great pays tribute to ‘try-scoring machine’]</ref> ===7=== ===6=== *[[Marise Wipani]], 61, New Zealand beauty pageant contestant, actor (''[[Came a Hot Friday]]'', ''[[List of Shortland Street characters introduced in 2008|Shortland Street]]''), and television presenter (''[[Lotto New Zealand|Lotto]]'').<ref>[https://www.stuff.co.nz/culture/360715678/actor-and-former-lotto-host-marise-wipani-has-died Actor and former Lotto host Marise Wipani has died]</ref> ===5=== *[[Wayne Lewis (singer-songwriter)|Wayne Lewis]], 68, American singer ([[Atlantic Starr]]) and songwriter ("[[Always (Atlantic Starr song)|Always]]", "[[Secret Lovers]]").<ref>[https://soultracks.com/news-wayne-lewis-atlantic-starr-dies/ Wayne Lewis, legendary co-founder of Atlantic Starr, dies at 68]</ref> *[[Edgar Lungu]], 68, Zambian politician, [[President of Zambia|president]] (2015–2021), [[Ministry of Defence (Zambia)|minister of defence]] (2013–2015) and [[National Assembly of Zambia|MLA]] (2011–2015), complications from surgery.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cn4gp07y3xmo Former Zambian President Lungu dies aged 68]</ref> ===4=== *[[Nicole Croisille]], 88, French singer and actress (''[[Erotissimo]]'', ''[[Les Uns et les Autres]]'', ''[[There Were Days... and Moons]]'').<ref>[https://www.franceinfo.fr/culture/la-chanteuse-nicole-croisille-est-morte-a-l-age-de-88-ans_7290819.html La chanteuse Nicole Croisille est morte à l'âge de 88 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Pietro Ghislandi]], 68, Italian actor (''[[È arrivato mio fratello]]'', ''[[The Invisible Wall (1991 movie)|The Invisible Wall]]'', ''[[Vajont (movie)|Vajont]]'') and ventriloquist.<ref>[https://www.ilmattino.it/en/remembering_pietro_ghislandi-8877593.html Remembering Pietro Ghislandi]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Philippe Labro]], 88, French film director (''[[Without Apparent Motive]]'', ''[[The Inheritor]]'', ''[[L'Alpagueur]]''), writer, and journalist, cancer.<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2025/06/04/philippe-labro-journaliste-et-ecrivain-est-mort-a-l-age-88-ans_6610450_3246.html Philippe Labro, journaliste et écrivain, est mort à l’âge 88 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Enzo Staiola]], 85, Italian child actor (''[[Bicycle Thieves]]'', ''[[The White Line (1950 movie)|The White Line]]'', ''[[Buon viaggio pover'uomo]]'').<ref>[https://www.repubblica.it/spettacoli/cinema/2025/06/04/news/morto_enzo_staiola_bambino_de_sica_ladri_di_biciclette-424648670/ Morto Enzo Staiola, il bambino scelto da Vittorio De Sica per “Ladri di Biciclette”] {{in lang|it}}</ref> ===3=== *[[Samiha Ayoub]], 93, Egyptian actress (''[[Among the Ruins]]'').<ref>[https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/140546/Legendary-Egyptian-Actress-Samiha-Ayoub-Passes-Away-at-93 Legendary Egyptian Actress Samiha Ayoub Passes Away at 93]</ref> ===2=== *[[Birgit Carlstén]], 75, Swedish singer and actress (''[[The Sacrifice (1986 movie)|The Sacrifice]]'').<ref>[https://swedenherald.com/article/actress-and-director-birgit-carlstn-dies-at-75 Actress and Director Birgit Carlstén Passes Away at 75]</ref> *[[Pierre Nora]], 93, French historian.<ref>https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2025/06/02/l-historien-pierre-nora-est-mort_6610257_3382.html?lmd_medium=al&lmd_campaign=envoye-par-appli&lmd_creation=android&lmd_source=default</ref> ===1=== *[[Jonathan Joss]], 59, American actor (''[[King of the Hill]]'', ''[[Parks and Recreation]]'', ''[[The Magnificent Seven (2016 movie)|The Magnificent Seven]]''), shot.<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/tv/obituaries-people-news/jonathan-joss-dead-king-of-the-hill-shooting-1236415703/ Jonathan Joss, ‘King of the Hill’ Actor Who Voiced John Redcorn, Dies in Shooting at 59]</ref> *[[Ilselil Larsen]], 90, Danish actress (''[[Det gælder os alle]]'', ''[[The Child (1940 movie)|The Child]]'', ''[[Love Wins Out]]'').<ref>[https://ekstrabladet.dk/underholdning/dkkendte/tidligere-skuespiller-ilselil-larsen-er-doed/10841736 Tidligere skuespiller Ilselil Larsen er død] {{in lang|da}}</ref> *[[Monica Nielsen]], 87, Swedish actress (''[[Varuhuset]]'', ''[[The Princess (1966 movie)|The Princess]]'', ''[[The Girl in the Rain (1955 movie)|The Girl in the Rain]]'').<ref>[https://www.expressen.se/noje/skadespelaren-monica-nielsen-ar-dod/ Skådespelaren Monica Nielsen är död] {{in lang|sv}}</ref> ==May== ===31=== *[[Robert Anderson (New Zealand cricketer)|Robert Anderson]], 76, New Zealand cricketer ([[Otago cricket team|Otago]], [[Central Districts cricket team|Central Districts]], [[New Zealand national football team|national team]]).<ref>[https://www.cdcricket.co.nz/newsarticle/154035/ Vale, Robert 'Jumbo' Anderson]</ref> ===30=== *[[Étienne-Émile Baulieu]], 98, French scientist.<ref>https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2025/05/30/etienne-emile-baulieu-pere-de-la-pilule-abortive-est-mort-a-l-age-de-98-ans_6609348_3382.html?lmd_medium=al&lmd_campaign=envoye-par-appli&lmd_creation=android&lmd_source=default</ref> *[[Prentis Hancock]], 83, British actor (''[[Space: 1999]]'', ''[[Doctor Who]]'').<ref>[https://www.doctorwhonews.net/2025/06/prentis_hancock_1942_2025.html Prentis Hancock 1942-2025]</ref> *[[Loretta Swit]], 87, American actress.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c20qzlxz1w0o</ref> ===29=== *[[David Trist]], 77, New Zealand cricketer ([[Canterbury cricket team|Canterbury]]) and cricket coach ([[Eastern Province (cricket team)|Eastern Province]], [[New Zealand national cricket team|national team]]).<ref>[https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/sport/562651/former-black-caps-coach-david-trist-dies Former Black Caps coach David Trist dies]</ref> ===28=== ===27=== *[[Choi Jung-woo]], 68, South Korean actor (''[[Like a Virgin (movie)|Like a Virgin]]'', ''[[City Hunter (TV series)|City Hunter]]'', ''[[Doctor Stranger]]'').<ref>[https://www.koreaboo.com/news/city-hunter-doctor-stranger-actor-choi-jung-woo-passed-away/ “City Hunter” And “Doctor Stranger” Actor Choi Jung Woo Has Passed Away]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Vasily Funtikov]], 62, Russian actor (''[[Tuning Fork (movie)|Tuning Fork]]'', ''[[Presumption of Innocence (movie)|Presumption of Innocence]]'', ''[[The Sisters Liberty]]'').<ref>[https://www.rbc.ru/society/27/05/2025/6835ce8d9a7947fa3fe1ab4e Умер актер Василий Фунтиков, сыгравший роль Кроша] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> ===26=== *[[Monna Tandberg]], 85, Norwegian actress (''[[Victoria L]]'', ''[[Drømmeslottet]]'', ''[[Bryllupsfesten]]'').<ref>[https://www.vg.no/rampelys/i/0Vd6xo/monna-tandberg-er-doed Monna Tandberg er død] {{in lang|no}}</ref> *[[Marie Tomášová]], 96, Czech actress (''[[Anna Proletářka]]'', ''[[Jan Hus (1954 movie)|Jan Hus]]'', ''[[September Nights]]'').<ref>[https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/kultura-filmy-serialy-zemrela-herecka-marie-tomasova-40522628 Zemřela herečka Marie Tomášová] {{in lang|cs}}</ref> ===25=== ===24=== *[[Malini Fonseka]], 78, Sri Lankan actress (''[[Pilot Premnath]]'', ''[[Bambaru Avith]]'', ''[[Beddegama (movie)|Beddegama]]'') and politician, [[Member of Parliament (Sri Lanka)|MP]] (2010–2015).<ref>[https://adaderana.lk/news.php?nid=108815 ‘Queen of Sri Lankan Cinema’, Malini Fonseka passes away]</ref> *[[Piro Milkani]], 85, Albanian film director (''[[The Lady from the City]]'', ''[[The Sorrow of Mrs. Schneider]]''), [[People's Artist (Albania)|People's Artist of Albania]].<ref>[https://www.voxnews.al/english/aktualitet/kinematografia-shqiptare-ne-zi-ndahet-nga-jeta-regjisori-i-shquar-pir-i92654 Albanian cinematography in mourning, the prominent director Piro Milkani passes away]</ref> *[[Marcel Ophuls]], 97, French filmmaker (''[[The Sorrow and the Pity]]'', ''[[Hotel Terminus: The Life and Times of Klaus Barbie]]'').<ref>[https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20250526-oscar-winning-french-documentary-filmmaker-marcel-ophuls Oscar winning French documentary filmmaker Marcel Ophuls dies at 97]</ref> *[[Teresita Reyes]], 75, Chilean actress (''[[Sussi (movie)|Sussi]]'', ''[[The Toast (movie)|The Toast]]'', ''[[Santos (movie)|Santos]]''), cancer.<ref>[https://www.tvn.cl/noticias/actualidad/fallece-la-destacada-actriz-chilena-teresita-reyes Fallece la destacada actriz chilena Teresita Reyes a sus 75 años] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ===23=== *[[Mukul Dev]], 54, Indian actor (''[[Dastak (1996 movie)|Dastak]]'', ''[[Yamla Pagla Deewana]]'', ''[[Son of Sardaar]]'').<ref>[https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/actor-mukul-dev-passes-away-54/ Actor Mukul Dev passes away at 54]</ref> *[[Mohammed Lakhdar-Hamina]], 91, Algerian film director (''[[Chronicle of the Years of Fire]]'', ''[[Sandstorm (1982 movie)|Sandstorm]]'', ''[[The Last Image]]'') and screenwriter.<ref>[https://www.lefigaro.fr/culture/deces-du-producteur-algerien-mohamed-lakhdar-hamina-laureat-de-la-palme-d-or-en-1975-20250523 Décès du producteur algérien Mohamed Lakhdar Hamina, lauréat de la Palme d'or en 1975] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> ===22=== *[[Alfredo Palacio]], 86, Ecuadorian cardiologist and politician, [[President of Ecuador|president]] (2005–2007) and [[Vice President of Ecuador|vice president]] (2003–2005).<ref>[https://confirmado.net/fallecio-el-expresidente-alfredo-palacio-medico-y-exmandatario-ecuatoriano-a-los-86-anos/ Falleció el expresidente Alfredo Palacio, médico y exmandatario ecuatoriano, a los 86 años] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ===21=== ===20=== *[[Michael Roemer]], 97, American film director and screenwriter (''[[Nothing but a Man]]'', ''[[The Plot Against Harry]]'', ''[[Dying (1976 movie)|Dying]]'').<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/24/movies/michael-roemer-dead.html Michael Roemer, Maker of Acclaimed but Little-Seen Films, Dies at 97]</ref> *[[George Wendt]], 76, American actor (''[[Cheers]]'', ''[[Forever Young (1992 movie)|Forever Young]]'', "[[Bill Swerski's Superfans]]").<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/tv/obituaries-people-news/george-wendt-dead-cheers-1236404992/ George Wendt, Who Played Norm on ‘Cheers,’ Dies at 76]</ref> ===19=== *[[Aurora Clavel]], 88, Mexican actress (''[[Tarahumara (cada vez más lejos)|Tarahumara]]'', ''[[Once Upon a Scoundrel]]'', ''[[Mariana de la noche (Mexican TV series)|Mariana de la Noche]]'').<ref>[https://www.elimparcial.com/espectaculos/2025/05/19/muere-la-actriz-aurora-clavel-a-los-88-anos/ Muere la actriz Aurora Clavel a los 88 años] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Kathleen Hughes]], 96, American actress (''[[It Came from Outer Space]]'', ''[[The Glass Web]]'', ''[[The Golden Blade]]'').<ref>[https://extratv.com/2025/05/20/kathleen-hughes-scream-it-came-outer-space-obituary/ Kathleen Hughes, Iconic Scream Queen of 'It Came from Outer Space,' Dies at 96]</ref> ===18=== ===17=== *[[Gawn Grainger]], 87, Scottish actor (''[[Doctor Who]]'') and writer.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2025/may/20/actor-gawn-grainger-dies-aged-87-zoe-wanamaker Actor and writer Gawn Grainger dies aged 87]</ref> *[[Franco Merli]], 68, Italian actor (''[[Arabian Nights (1974 film)|Arabian Nights]]'', ''[[Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom]]'', ''[[Down and Dirty (movie)|Down and Dirty]]''). *[[Roger Nichols (songwriter)|Roger Nichols]], 84, American songwriter ("[[We've Only Just Begun]]", "[[Times of Your Life]]") and composer.<ref>[https://theseconddisc.com/2025/05/21/in-memoriam-roger-nichols-1940-2025/ In Memoriam: Roger Nichols (1940-2025)]</ref> *[[Zhu Yuanyuan]], 51, Chinese actress (''[[Ocean Heaven]]'', ''[[Lost in Hong Kong]]'', ''[[Sister (2021 movie)|Sister]]''), cancer.<ref>[https://www.guancha.cn/politics/2025_05_21_776616.shtml 演员朱媛媛去世，年仅51岁] {{in lang|zh}}</ref> ===16=== *[[Meta Velander]], 100, Swedish actress (''[[Honeymoon (1972 movie)|Honeymoon]]'', ''[[Dear Alice]]'', ''[[Marmalade Revolution]]'').<ref>[https://www.expressen.se/noje/film/skadespelaren-meta-velander-ar-dod--blev-100-ar/ Skådespelaren Meta Velander är död – blev 100 år] {{in lang|sv}}</ref> ===15=== *[[Kostas Lychnaras]], 86, Greek film director (''[[Christ Recrucified (TV series)|Christ Recrucified]]'', ''[[Konstantinou kai Elenis]]'', ''[[To kafe tis Charas]]'').<ref>[https://www.iefimerida.gr/politismos/pethane-o-skinothetis-kostas-lyhnaras Πέθανε σε ηλικία 86 ετών ο Κώστας Λυχναράς -Σκηνοθέτης των «Κωνσταντίνου και Ελένης» και «Το καφέ της Χαράς»] {{in lang|el}}</ref> ===14=== *[[Cornal Hendricks]], 37, South African rugby player ([[Bulls (rugby union)|Bulls]], [[Boland Cavaliers]], [[South Africa national rugby union team|national team]]), heart attack.<ref>[https://www.citizen.co.za/rekord/sports-news/local-sports/2025/05/14/shock-and-disbelief-in-rugby-community-after-sudden-death-of-cornal-hendricks/ Shock and disbelief in rugby community after sudden death of Cornal Hendricks]</ref> ===13=== *[[José Mujica]], 89, Uruguayan politician (president of Uruguay from 2010 to 2015), oesophagus cancer.<ref>https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2025/05/13/jose-pepe-mujica-ancien-president-de-l-uruguay-et-grande-voix-de-l-amerique-latine-est-mort_6605847_3382.html?lmd_medium=al&lmd_campaign=envoye-par-appli&lmd_creation=android&lmd_source=default</ref> *[[Leila Negra]], 95, German singer and actress (''[[Münchhausen (1943 movie)|Münchhausen]]'', ''[[The Star of Rio (1955 movie)|The Star of Rio]]'', ''[[Salto Mortale (1953 movie)|Salto Mortale]]'').<ref>[https://www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de/ueberlebende-der-ns-verfolgung-zum-tod-der-schwarzen-kuenstlerin-marie-nejar-100.html Schwarze Zeitzeugin der NS-Zeit ist tot] {{in lang|de}}</ref> ===12=== ===11=== *[[Robert Benton]], 92, American film director (''[[Kramer vs. Kramer]]'', ''[[Places in the Heart]]'') and screenwriter (''[[Bonnie and Clyde (movie)|Bonnie and Clyde]]''), [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] winner ([[52nd Academy Awards|1980]], [[57th Academy Awards|1985]]).<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2025/may/13/robert-benton-director-dead Robert Benton, Oscar-winning director of Kramer vs Kramer, dies aged 92]</ref> *[[John Edwards (singer)|John Edwards]], 80, American [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] singer ([[The Spinners]]).<ref>[https://soultracks.com/news-john-edwards-lead-singer-of-the-spinners-dies-at-80/ John Edwards, lead singer of the Spinners, dies at 80]</ref> *[[Arjun Menon (coach)|Arjun Menon]], 48, Singaporean cricket player ([[Singapore national cricket team|national team]]) and coach ([[Chile national cricket team|Chile]], [[Malawi national cricket team|Malawi]]).<ref>[https://www.straitstimes.com/sport/former-singapore-cricketer-and-coach-arjun-menon-dies-in-malawi Former Singapore cricketer and coach Arjun Menon dies in Malawi]</ref> ===10=== *[[Bob Cowper]], 84, Australian test cricketer.<ref>[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-05-11/australian-cricket-bob-cowper-dies-age-84/105279410 Australian Test cricketer Bob Cowper dies aged 84]</ref> *[[Larry Lee (musician, born 1947)|Larry Lee]], 78, American musician ([[The Ozark Mountain Daredevils]]) and songwriter ("[[Jackie Blue (song)|Jackie Blue]]").<ref>[https://www.gormanscharpf.com/obituary/larry-lee Larry Michael Lee]</ref> ===9=== *[[Fred Graham (sculptor)|Fred Graham]], 96, New Zealand rugby union player ([[Māori All Blacks|New Zealand Māori]]) and artist, [[Arts Foundation of New Zealand#Icon Award|AFNZ Icon]] (since 2018).<ref>[https://thebigidea.nz/stories/arts-icon-fred-graham-passes-away Arts Icon Fred Graham Passes Away]</ref> ===8=== *[[Jiří Bartoška]], 78, Czech actor (''[[Sekal Has to Die]]'', ''[[All My Loved Ones]]'', ''[[Angel of the Lord (movie)|Angel of the Lord]]''), president of the [[Karlovy Vary International Film Festival]].<ref>[https://english.radio.cz/actor-and-president-karlovy-vary-film-festival-jiri-bartoska-dies-78-8850508 Actor and president of Karlovy Vary Film Festival Jiří Bartoška dies at 78]</ref> *[[James Foley (director)|James Foley]], 71, American film director (''[[Glengarry Glen Ross (movie)|Glengarry Glen Ross]]'', ''[[Who's That Girl (1987 movie)|Who's That Girl]]'', ''[[Fifty Shades Darker (movie)|Fifty Shades Darker]]''), brain cancer.<ref>[https://www.thewrap.com/james-foley-dies-obit-fifty-shades-of-grey-sequels-director/ James Foley, Director of ‘Glengarry Glen Ross’ and ‘Fifty Shades of Grey’ Sequels, Dies at 71]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Josaia Raisuqe]], 30, Fijian rugby union footballer ([[Stade Français]], [[USON Nevers|Nevers]], [[Fiji national rugby sevens team|Fiji 7s]]), traffic collision.<ref>[https://www.rugbypass.com/news/fiji-international-josaia-raisuqe-dies-aged-30/ Fiji international Josaia Raisuqe dies aged 30]</ref> ===7=== *[[Cleopa Msuya]], 94, Tanzanian politician, [[Prime Minister of Tanzania|prime minister]] (1980–1983, 1994–1995) and [[Vice-President of Tanzania|first vice president]] (1990–1995), heart failure. ===6=== *[[Bill McCaw]], 97, New Zealand rugby player ([[Rugby Southland|Southland]], [[New Zealand national rugby union team|national team]]).<ref>[https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/360679739/bill-mccaw-who-was-oldest-living-all-black-dies-aged-97 Bill McCaw, who was the oldest living All Black, dies aged 97]</ref> ===5=== ===4=== *[[Aleftina Evdokimova]], 85, Russian actress (''[[Tender Age (1983 movie)|Tender Age]]'', ''[[Let the Charms Last Long]]'', ''[[Courier (movie)|Courier]]'').<ref>[https://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/6817348c9a7947da26c06c9c Умерла народная артистка Алефтина Евдокимова] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> ===3=== ===2=== *[[Ricky Davao]], 63, Filipino actor (''[[Ang Padrino]]'', ''[[Kung Aagawin Mo ang Lahat sa Akin (movie)|Kung Aagawin Mo ang Lahat sa Akin]]'') and television director (''[[!Oka Tokat]]'').<ref>[https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2025/05/02/2440022/viva-confirms-ricky-davao-dead-63 Viva confirms Ricky Davao dead, 63]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Jean-François Davy]], 79, French film director (''[[Bananes mécaniques]]'', ''[[Surprise Sock]]'') and producer.<ref>[https://www.francetvinfo.fr/culture/cinema/jean-francois-davy-realisateur-et-producteur-de-films-pornographiques-est-mort-a-l-age-de-79-ans_7224093.html Jean-François Davy, réalisateur et producteur de films pornographiques, est mort à l'âge de 79 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Bob Jones (businessman)|Sir Bob Jones]], 85, New Zealand property investor and politician.<ref>[https://www.odt.co.nz/star-news/star-national/high-profile-businessman-sir-bob-jones-dies High-profile businessman Sir Bob Jones dies]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Alessandro Quasimodo]], 82, Italian actor (''[[The Seventh Floor (1967 movie)|The Seventh Floor]]'', ''[[A Milanese Story]]''), theater director and poet.<ref>[https://www.ragusanews.com/attualita-milano-e-morto-alessandro-quasimodo-figlio-di-salvatore-206270 E' morto Alessandro Quasimodo] {{in lang|it}}</ref> ===1=== *[[Jill Sobule]], 66, American singer-songwriter ("[[I Kissed a Girl (Jill Sobule song)|I Kissed a Girl]]", "[[Supermodel (Jill Sobule song)|Supermodel]]"), house fire.<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/music/news/jill-sobule-i-kissed-a-girl-dead-1236384525/ Jill Sobule, Singer-Songwriter of Groundbreaking 1995 Song ‘I Kissed a Girl,’ Killed in House Fire]</ref> ==April== ===30=== *[[Park Hee-gon]], 56, South Korean film director (''[[Insadong Scandal]]'', ''[[Perfect Game (2011 movie)|Perfect Game]]'', ''[[Fengshui (2018 movie)|Fengshui]]'').<ref>[https://biz.chosun.com/en/en-entertainment/2025/04/30/GHB2VXUI3FB6FGLS2WIY4A5PIQ/ Director Park Hee-gon, acclaimed for 'Perfect Game,' dies at age 56]</ref> *[[Jules Wijdenbosch]], 83, Surinamese politician, [[List of prime ministers of Suriname|prime minister]] (1987–1988) and [[President of Suriname|president]] (1996–2000).<ref>[https://keynews.sr/voormalig-president-jules-wijdenbosch-overleden/ Voormalig president Jules Wijdenbosch overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> ===29=== ===28=== *[[Shaji N. Karun]], 73, Indian film director (''[[Piravi]]'', ''[[Swaham]]'', ''[[Vanaprastham]]'').<ref>[https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/04/28/shaji-n-karun-filmmaker-hat-trick-tryst-with-cannes-film-festival.html Shaji N Karun: A filmmaker's hat-trick tryst with Cannes]</ref> *[[Aleksey Krychenkov]], 83, Russian actor (''[[The Girls (1961 movie)|The Girls]]'', ''[[Director (1969 movie)|Director]]'').<ref>[https://teatrarmii.ru/news/UshelizzhiznizasluzhennyyartistRossiyskoyFederatsiiAlekseyFyedorovichKrychenkov/ Ушел из жизни заслуженный артист Российской Федерации Алексей Фёдорович Крыченков] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[Priscilla Pointer]], 100, American actress (''[[Carrie (1976 movie)|Carrie]]'', ''[[Mommie Dearest (movie)|Mommie Dearest]]'', ''[[Blue Velvet (movie)|Blue Velvet]]'').<ref>[https://playbill.com/article/actor-priscilla-pointer-has-died-at-100 Actor Priscilla Pointer Has Died at 100]</ref> ===27=== *[[Cora Sue Collins]], 98, American actress (''[[The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1938 movie)|The Adventures of Tom Sawyer]]'', ''[[Anna Karenina (1935 movie)|Anna Karenina]]'', ''[[The Unexpected Father]]''), complications from a stroke.<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/cora-sue-collins-dead-child-actress-mgm-1236202858/ Cora Sue Collins, Celebrated Child Actress at MGM in the 1930s, Dies at 98]</ref> ===26=== ===25=== *[[Philip Lowrie]], 88, English actor (''[[Coronation Street]]'', ''[[Victoria Wood (1989 TV series)|Victoria Wood]]'', [[Home Fires (British TV series)|''Home Fires'']]).<ref>[https://www.itv.com/news/2025-04-26/philip-lowrie-one-of-corries-original-stars-dies-aged-88-publicist-says Philip Lowrie, one of Coronation Street’s original stars, dies aged 88, publicist says]</ref> *[[Lupita Torrentera]], 93, Mexican actress (''[[Historia de un gran amor]]'', ''[[Coqueta (1949 movie)|Coqueta]]'').<ref>[https://www.latintimes.com/legendary-mexican-actress-pedro-infante-girlfriend-lupita-torrentera-dead-93-581763 Legendary Mexican Actress and Pedro Infante Girlfriend Lupita Torrentera Dead at 93]</ref> ===24=== *[[Steve Kiner]], 77, American [[College Football Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] football player ([[Dallas Cowboys]], [[New England Patriots]], [[Houston Oilers]]).<ref>[https://www.nbcsports.com/nfl/profootballtalk/rumor-mill/news/former-cowboys-patriots-oilers-lb-steve-kiner-dies-at-77 Former Cowboys, Patriots, Oilers LB Steve Kiner dies at 77]</ref> *[[Roy Phillips]], 83, British musician ([[The Peddlers]]).<ref>[https://www.audioculture.co.nz/profile/roy-phillips Roy Phillips]</ref> ===23=== *[[Eugène Koffi Adoboli]], 90, Togolese politician, [[List of prime ministers of Togo|prime minister]] (1999–2000).<ref>[https://www.republicoftogo.com/toutes-les-rubriques/politique/eugene-koffi-adoboli-est-decede Eugène Koffi Adoboli est décédé] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Chris Cauwenberghs]], 78, Belgian actor (''[[Hector (1987 movie)|Hector]]'', ''[[Koko Flanel]]'', ''[[Thuis]]''), complications from heart failure.<ref>[https://www.hln.be/showbizz/acteur-chris-cauwenberghs-78-bekend-als-kabouter-lui-overleden-hij-bracht-generaties-kinderen-vreugde~a3bd7cee/ Acteur Chris Cauwenberghs (78), bekend als Kabouter Lui, overleden: “Hij bracht generaties kinderen vreugde”] {{in lang|NL-be}}</ref> *[[Waltraut Haas]], 97, Austrian actress (''[[Der Hofrat Geiger]]'', ''[[Mariandl]]'', ''[[The White Horse Inn (1960 movie)|The White Horse Inn]]'').<ref>[https://wien.orf.at/stories/3302345/ Waltraut Haas verstorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Fouad Mebazaa]], 91, Tunisian politician, [[Speaker of the Assembly of the Representatives of the People|speaker of the Chamber of Deputies]] (1997–2011) and acting [[President of Tunisia|president]] (2011).<ref>[https://lapresse.tn/2025/04/23/tunisie-deces-de-fouad-mebazaa/ Tunisie: Décès de Fouad Mebazaa] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Keith Stackpole]], 84, Australian cricketer ([[Victoria cricket team|Victoria]]).<ref>[https://www.3aw.com.au/jon-anderson-breaks-the-sad-news-of-former-cricketer-keith-stackpoles-death/ Jon Anderson breaks the sad news of former cricketer Keith Stackpole’s death]</ref> (death announced on this date) ===22=== *[[Erik Ruus]], 62, Estonian actor (''[[The Birdwatcher]]'', ''[[Firewater (movie)|Firewater]]'', ''[[All My Lenins]]'').<ref>[https://virumaateataja.postimees.ee/8234889/lahkunud-on-rakvere-teatri-kauaaegne-naitleja-erik-ruus Lahkunud on Rakvere teatri kauaaegne näitleja Erik Ruus] {{in lang|et}}</ref> ===21=== *[[Pope Francis]], 88, head of the Catholic church, stroke and heart failure.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/live/crknlnzlrzdt</ref> *[[Johanna Matz]], 92, Austrian actress (''[[Hannerl]]'', ''[[Die Jungfrau auf dem Dach]]'', ''[[The White Horse Inn (1952 movie)|The White Horse Inn]]'').<ref>[https://apa.at/news/schauspielerin-johanna-matz-92-jaehrig-gestorben/ Schauspielerin Johanna Matz 92-jährig gestorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> ===20=== *[[Kimble Rendall]], 67–68, Australian musician ([[XL Capris]], [[Hoodoo Gurus]]) and film director (''[[Guardians of the Tomb]]'').<ref>[https://www.noise11.com/news/hoodoo-gurus-founding-member-kimble-rendall-has-passed-away-20250421 Hoodoo Gurus Founding Member Kimble Rendall Has Passed Away]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Noreen Young]], 85, Canadian puppeteer (''[[Under the Umbrella Tree]]'', ''[[Sesame Park]]''), stroke.<ref>[https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/renowned-canadian-puppeteer-noreen-young-dies-at-85-1.7513889 Renowned Canadian puppeteer Noreen Young dies at 85]</ref> (death announced on this date) ===19=== ===18=== *[[Rudolf Pankov]], 87, Russian actor (''[[Michman Panin]]'', ''[[Blasted Hell]]'', ''[[Talents and Admirers (movie)|Talents and Admirers]]'') and voice actor.<ref>[https://tass.ru/kultura/23722353 Умер актер дубляжа Рудольф Панков] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[Clodagh Rodgers]], 78, Irish singer ("[[Come Back and Shake Me]]", "[[Jack in the Box (song)|Jack in the Box]]").<ref>[https://www.oe24.at/leute/eurovision-legende-clodagh-rodgers-ist-gestorben/630716897 Eurovision-Legende Clodagh Rodgers ist gestorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Julieta Szönyi]], 75, Romanian actress (''[[Felix și Otilia]]'', ''[[Toate pînzele sus]]'').<ref>[https://historia.ro/sectiune/actualitate/adnana-din-toate-panzele-sus-a-murit-actrita-2437362.html Adnana din „Toate pânzele sus” a murit. Actrița Julieta Szönyi avea 75 de ani] {{in lang|ro}}</ref> ===17=== *[[Roger McLachlan]], 71, New Zealand-born Australian bass guitarist ([[Little River Band]]), pancreatic cancer.<ref>[https://www.noise11.com/news/little-river-band-co-founder-roger-mclachlan-dies-at-age-71-20250417 Little River Band Co-Founder Roger McLachlan Dies At Age 71]</ref> (death announced on this date) ===16=== *[[Patrick Adiarte]], 81, Filipino-American actor (''[[The King and I (1956 movie)|The King and I]]'', ''[[High Time (movie)|High Time]]'', ''[[Flower Drum Song (movie)|Flower Drum Song]]'').<ref>[https://extratv.com/2025/04/16/patrick-adiarte-dancer-king-flower-drum-song-obituary/ Patrick Adiarte, Legendary 'The King and I' Dancer & 'Brady Bunch' Guest, Dies at 81]</ref> *[[Nora Aunor]], 71, Filipino actress (''[[Tatlong Taong Walang Diyos]]'', ''[[Trap (2015 movie)|Trap]]'', ''[[Hustisya]]'') and singer.<ref>[https://www.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/showbiz/celebrities/2025/4/16/nora-aunor-superstar-of-philippine-cinema-passes-away-2329 Nora Aunor, superstar of Philippine cinema, passes away]</ref> *[[Vladimir Gerasimov (actor)|Vladimir Gerasimov]], 74, Russian actor (''[[Car, Violin and Blot the Dog]]'', ''[[One-Two, Soldiers Were Going...]]'', ''[[Tailcoat for Scapegrace]]'').<ref>[https://www.championat.com/cybersport/news-5977082-umer-aktyor-dublyazha-vladimir-gerasimov-golos-bryusa-uillisa-i-dzhona-travolty.html Умер актёр дубляжа Владимир Герасимов, голос Брюса Уиллиса и Джона Траволты] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> (death announced on this date) ===15=== *[[Jadwiga Jankowska-Cieślak]], 74, Polish actress (''[[Another Way (1982 movie)|Another Way]]'', ''[[Scratch (2008 movie)|Scratch]]'', ''[[Tatarak]]'').<ref>[https://www.trojmiasto.pl/wiadomosci/Nie-zyje-pochodzaca-z-Gdanska-Jadwiga-Jankowska-Cieslak-n201732.html Nie żyje pochodząca z Gdańska Jadwiga Jankowska-Cieślak] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> *[[Shūhei Kishimoto]], 68, Japanese politician, [[House of Representatives (Japan)|MP]] (2009–2022) and governor of [[Wakayama Prefecture]] (since 2022), septic shock.<ref>[https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20250415/k10014779591000.html 和歌山県 岸本周平知事が死去 68歳] {{in lang|ja}}</ref> *[[Wink Martindale]], 91, American disc jockey, game show host (''[[Gambit (game show)|Gambit]]'', ''[[Tic-Tac-Dough]]'') and singer ("[[The Deck of Cards#Cover versions|Deck of Cards]]"), lymphoma.<ref>[https://deadline.com/2025/04/wink-martindale-dead-1236369288/ Wink Martindale Dies: Game Show Host Of ‘Tic-Tac-Dough’, ‘Gambit’ And ‘High Rollers’ Was 91]</ref> *[[S. S. Stanley]], 57, Indian film director (''[[April Maadhathil]]'', ''[[Pudhukottaiyilirundhu Saravanan]]'', ''[[Kizhakku Kadarkarai Salai]]'') and actor.<ref>[https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=1517469 Popular Tamil film director SS Stanley passes away at 57]</ref> ===14=== *[[Abdullah Ahmad Badawi]], 85, Malaysian politician, [[Prime Minister of Malaysia|prime minister]] (2003–2009), [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Malaysia)|minister of foreign affairs]] (1991–1999), and [[Dewan Rakyat|MP]] (1978–2013), heart disease.<ref>[https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2025/04/14/former-pm-abdullah-ahmad-badawi-passes-away Former PM Abdullah Ahmad Badawi passes away]</ref> ===13=== *[[Mario Vargas Llosa]], 89, Peruvian writer, and holder of the Nobel Prize for Literature.<ref>[https://elpais.com/cultura/2025-04-14/muere-mario-vargas-llosa-gigante-de-las-letras-universales.html Muere Mario Vargas Llosa, gigante de las letras universales] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Bank Janardhan]], 74, Indian actor (''[[Tharle Nan Maga]]'', ''[[Shhh! (movie)|Shhh!]]'', ''[[News (movie)|News]]'') and comedian.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/veteran-kannada-actor-bank-janardhan-passes-away-at-74-after-prolonged-illness/articleshow/120270402.cms Veteran Kannada actor Bank Janardhan passes away at 74 after prolonged illness]</ref> *[[Jean Marsh]], 90, British actress (''[[Upstairs, Downstairs (1971 TV series)|Upstairs, Downstairs]]'', ''[[Doctor Who]]'', ''[[Willow (1988 movie)|Willow]]'') and television writer, [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series|Emmy]] winner ([[27th Primetime Emmy Awards|1975]]), complications from dementia.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c045dk29xqqo Upstairs Downstairs actress Jean Marsh dies age 90]</ref> ===12=== *[[Pilita Corrales]], 85, Filipino singer and actress (''[[Mars Ravelo's Darna! Ang Pagbabalik]]'', ''[[Bride for Rent]]'', ''[[My Illegal Wife]]'').<ref>[https://www.thestar.com.my/aseanplus/aseanplus-news/2025/04/12/pilita-corrales-asian-queen-of-songs-dies-at-85 Pilita Corrales, Asian Queen of Songs, dies at 85]</ref> ===11=== *[[Nino Bellomo]], 102, Italian actor (''[[Blues metropolitano]]'', ''[[Law of Courage]]'') and journalist.<ref>[https://www.grandangoloagrigento.it/agrigento-notizie/e-morto-nino-bellomo E’ morto Nino Bellomo, il figlio Francesco: “oggi il mondo mi sembra più silenzioso”] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Mike Berry (singer)|Mike Berry]], 82, English singer ("[[The Sunshine of Your Smile]]") and actor (''[[Are You Being Served?]]'', ''[[Worzel Gummidge (TV series)|Worzel Gummidge]]'').<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/mike-berry-death-are-you-being-served-b2731574.html Mike Berry death: Singer and last surviving Are You Being Served? star dies, aged 82]</ref> *[[Max Romeo]], 80, Jamaican reggae musician ("[[Wet Dream (Max Romeo song)|Wet Dream]]", "[[Chase the Devil]]").<ref>[https://www.dancehallmag.com/2025/04/11/news/reggae-legend-max-romeo-dead-at-80.html Reggae Legend Max Romeo Dead At 80]</ref> ===10=== *[[Leo Beenhakker]], 82, Dutch football manager ([[AFC Ajax|Ajax]], [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]], [[Netherlands national football team|national team]]).<ref>[https://nos.nl/artikel/2563112-oud-toptrainer-leo-beenhakker-op-82-jarige-leeftijd-overleden Oud-toptrainer Leo Beenhakker op 82-jarige leeftijd overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Ted Kotcheff]], 94, Canadian film director (''[[First Blood]]'', ''[[Weekend at Bernie's]]''). *[[Ku Feng]], 94, Hong Kong actor (''[[The Love Eterne]]'', ''[[Between Tears and Laughter]]'', ''[[Come Drink with Me]]'').<ref>[https://www.dimsumdaily.hk/veteran-hong-kong-actor-ku-feng-passes-away-at-94/ Veteran Hong Kong actor Ku Feng passes away at 94]</ref> *[[Mario Ernesto Sánchez]], 78, Cuban actor (''[[Miami Vice (movie)|Miami Vice]]'', ''[[The Truman Show]]'', ''[[The Specialist]]'') and businessman, founder and director of [[Teatro Avante]].<ref>[https://www.diariolasamericas.com/cultura/fallece-director-teatro-avante-mario-ernesto-sanchez-n5374198 Fallece director de Teatro Avante, Mario Ernesto Sánchez] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ===9=== *[[Mel Novak]], 90, American actor (''[[Game of Death]]'', ''[[Black Belt Jones]]'', ''[[An Eye for an Eye (1981 movie)|An Eye for an Eye]]'').<ref>[https://www.tmz.com/2025/04/09/mel-novak-dead/?adid=social-fb Mel Novak Dead at 90]</ref> ===8=== *Notable [[Dominican Republic|Dominicans]] killed in the [[Jet Set nightclub roof collapse]]: **[[Tony Blanco]], 44, baseball player ([[Chunichi Dragons]], [[Yokohama DeNA BayStars]], [[Orix Buffaloes]])<ref>[https://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/44591287/ex-mlb-pitcher-octavio-dotel-dies-nightclub-roof-collapse Ex-MLB players Octavio Dotel, Tony Blanco die in nightclub tragedy]</ref> **[[Nelsy Cruz]], 41, politician, governor of [[Monte Cristi Province]] (since 2020)<ref>[https://listindiario.com/la-republica/20250408/nelsy-cruz-gobernadora-monte-cristi-fallecida-tragedia-jet-set_852856.html ¿Quién era Nelsy Cruz, la gobernadora de Monte Cristi fallecida en la tragedia del Jet Set?] {{in lang|es}}</ref> **[[Octavio Dotel]], 51, baseball player ([[Houston Astros]], [[St. Louis Cardinals]], [[New York Mets]])<ref>[https://www.newsweek.com/sports/mlb/former-mlb-pitcher-dies-following-dominican-night-club-collapse-reports-2057034 Former MLB Pitcher Dies Following Dominican Night Club Collapse: Reports]</ref> **[[Rubby Pérez]], 69, [[Merengue music|merengue]] singer<ref>[https://elnacional.com.do/rubby-perez-fallece-tragicamente-por-derrumbe/ Luto en la música: el merenguero Rubby Pérez muere tras colapso en Jet Set] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ===7=== ===6=== *[[Clem Burke]], 70, American [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] drummer ([[Blondie (band)|Blondie]]), cancer.<ref>[https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/clem-burke-blondie-drummer-dead-obituary-1235311703/ Drummer Clem Burke, the 'Heartbeat of Blondie,' Dead at 70]</ref> *[[Jay North]], 73, American actor (''[[Dennis the Menace (1959 TV series)|Dennis the Menace]]'', ''[[Maya (1966 movie)|Maya]]'', ''[[Arabian Knights]]''), colorectal cancer.<ref>[https://extratv.com/2025/04/06/jay-north-tvs-dennis-the-menace-dies-at-73/ Jay North, TV's Dennis the Menace, Dies at 73]</ref> ===5=== *[[Antonello Fassari]], 72, Italian actor (''[[Romanzo Criminale]]'', ''[[The Goodbye Kiss (movie)|The Goodbye Kiss]]'', ''[[Suburra (movie)|Suburra]]'') and comedian.<ref>[https://www.repubblica.it/spettacoli/people/2025/04/05/news/antonello_fassari_morto_attore_cesaroni72_anni-424109342/?ref=RHLF-BG-P1-S1-T1 Morto Antonello Fassari, attore di “Avanzi” e “Cesaroni”] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Raymond Hawthorne]], 88, New Zealand theatre director.<ref>[https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/557343/renowned-actor-and-theatre-director-raymond-hawthorne-dies-aged-88 Renowned actor and theatre director Raymond Hawthorne dies aged 88]</ref> ===4=== *[[Manoj Kumar]], 87, Indian actor (''[[Kranti]]'', ''[[Upkar]]'', ''[[Roti Kapada Aur Makaan]]'').<ref>[https://www.news9live.com/entertainment/celebrity/manoj-kumar-death-news-manoj-kumar-passes-away-at-age-of-87-2836703 Legendary actor Manoj Kumar passes away at 87 in Mumbai, says report]</ref> *[[Ravikumar (actor)|Ravikumar]], 71, Indian actor (''[[Ullasa Yaathra]]'', ''[[Aanandham Paramaanandham]]'', ''[[Ee Manohara Theeram]]'').<ref>[https://news24online.com/entertainment/veteran-tamil-and-malayalam-actor-ravi-kumar-menon-passes-away/520846/ Veteran Tamil And Malayalam Actor Ravi Kumar Menon Passes Away]</ref> ===3=== *[[Andreas, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]], 82, German landowner and nobleman, head of the [[House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] (since 1998).<ref>[https://www.fraenkischertag.de/lokales/stadt-coburg/politik/coburg-prinz-andreas-ist-tot-art-435597 Der „Chef des Hauses“ Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha ist tot] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Gordon Faith]], 94, British actor (''[[Doctor Who]]'', ''[[Adam Adamant Lives!]]'', ''[[War and Peace (1972 TV series)|War & Peace]]'').<ref>[https://www.gordonfaith.com/ Gordon Faith 1931-2025]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Farooq Hamid]], 80, Pakistani cricketer ([[Lahore cricket teams|Lahore]], [[Pakistan International Airlines cricket team|PIA]], [[Pakistan national cricket team|national team]]).<ref>[https://www.pcb.com.pk/press-release-detail/former-test-cricketer-farooq-hameed-passes-away.html Former Test cricketer Farooq Hameed passes away]</ref> *[[John Saint Ryan]], 72, English actor (''[[Coronation Street]]'', ''[[Roar (1997 TV series)|Roar]]'', ''[[Squanto: A Warrior's Tale]]'') and equestrian, heart attack.<ref>[https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/uk-news/ex-coronation-street-star-john-31366059 Ex-Coronation Street star John St Ryan dies suddenly]</ref> ===2=== *[[Khamtai Siphandone]], 101, Laotian politician, [[President of Laos|president]] (1998–2006), [[Prime Minister of Laos|prime minister]] (1991–1998), and [[General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party|chairman of the Revolutionary Party]] (1992–2006).<ref>[https://laotiantimes.com/2025/04/02/former-president-khamtai-siphandone-passes-away-at-101/ Former President Khamtai Siphandone Passes Away at 101]</ref> *[[Alois Švehlík]], 85, Czech actor (''[[Forbidden Dreams]]'', ''[[Alois Nebel]]'', ''[[On the Roof (2019 movie)|On the Roof]]'') and theater pedagogue.<ref>[https://english.radio.cz/actor-and-dubbing-artist-alois-svehlik-died-aged-85-8847299 Actor and dubbing artist Alois Švehlík died, aged 85]</ref> ===1=== *[[Val Kilmer]], 65, American actor (''[[The Doors (movie)|The Doors]]'', ''[[Tombstone (movie)|Tombstone]]'', ''[[Batman Forever]]''), pneumonia.<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/val-kilmer-dead-top-gun-doors-tombstone-batman-actor-1236178966/ Val Kilmer, Actor Renowned for Receding Into His Roles, Dies at 65]</ref> *[[Johnny Tillotson]], 86, American singer-songwriter ("[[Poetry in Motion (song)|Poetry in Motion]]", "[[It Keeps Right On a-Hurtin' (song)|It Keeps Right On a-Hurtin']]", "[[Without You (Johnny Tillotson song)|Without You]]"), complications from Parkinson's disease.<ref>[https://www.tmz.com/2025/04/02/singer-johnny-tillotson-dead/ Singer Johnny Tillotson Dead at 86]</ref> ==March== ===31=== *[[Sian Barbara Allen]], 78, American actress (''[[Scream, Pretty Peggy]]'', ''[[The Lindbergh Kidnapping Case]]'', ''[[You'll Like My Mother]]''), complications from Alzheimer's disease.<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/film/news/sian-barbara-allen-dead-scream-pretty-peggy-1236352951/ Sian Barbara Allen, Actor in ‘Scream, Pretty Peggy’ and ‘You’ll Like My Mother,’ Dies at 78]</ref> *[[Yves Boisset]], 86, French film director (''[[L'Attentat]]'', ''[[The Common Man (movie)|The Common Man]]'', ''[[Le Juge Fayard dit Le Shériff]]'') and screenwriter.<ref>[https://www.tf1info.fr/culture/mort-yves-boisset-realisateur-des-films-dupont-lajoie-l-attentat-est-decede-a-l-age-de-86-ans-2362379.html Le réalisateur Yves Boisset ("Dupont Lajoie", "L'Attentat) est mort à l'âge de 86 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> ===30=== *[[Lee Montague]], 97, English actor (''[[The Camp on Blood Island]]'', ''[[Deadlier Than the Male]]'', ''[[Jesus of Nazareth (TV series)|Jesus of Nazareth]]'').<ref>[http://keatscommunitylibrary.org.uk/Lee-Montague-1927-2025.shtml Lee Montague 1927-2025]</ref> (death announced on this date) ===29=== *[[Richard Chamberlain]], 90, American actor (''[[Dr. Kildare (TV series)|Dr. Kildare]]'', ''[[The Thorn Birds (miniseries)|The Thorn Birds]]'', ''[[Shōgun (1980 miniseries)|Shōgun]]''), complications from a stroke.<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/film/news/richard-chamberlain-dead-dies-shogun-thorn-birds-1236351970/ Richard Chamberlain, TV’s Dr. Kildare, ‘Shogun,’ ‘Thorn Birds’ Star, Dies at 90]</ref> *[[Ángel del Pozo]], 90, Spanish actor (''[[Horror Express]]'', ''[[The Big Gundown]]'', ''[[Treasure Island (1972 movie)|Treasure Island]]'').<ref>[https://www.larazon.es/cultura/cine/muere-90-anos-actor-angel-pozo-caras-spaghetti-western/20250329/1169792.html Muere a los 90 años el actor Ángel del Pozo, una de las caras del 'Spaghetti Western'] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ===28=== *[[Hamza Feghouli]], 86, Algerian actor (''[[Le Clandestin]]'').<ref>[https://news.radioalgerie.dz/fr/node/62186 L'artiste Hamza Feghouli tire sa révérence à l'âge de 86 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> ===27=== *[[Peter Lever]], 84, English cricketer ([[Lancashire County Cricket Club|Lancashire]], [[Tasmania cricket team|Tasmania]], [[England cricket team|national team]]).<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/articles/c8d4v5vzzjyo Former Lancashire and England bowler Lever dies]</ref> (death announced on this date) ===26=== ===25=== *[[Manoj Bharathiraja]], 48, Indian actor (''[[Samudhiram]]'', ''[[Kadal Pookkal]]'') and film director (''[[Margazhi Thingal]]''), heart attack.<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/manoj-bharathiraja-dies-at-48-chennai-2698999-2025-03-25 Tamil actor-director Manoj Bharathiraja dies at 48 in Chennai]</ref> *[[Shihan Hussaini]], 60, Indian actor (''[[Punnagai Mannan]]'', ''[[Velaikkaran (1987 movie)|Velaikkaran]]'', ''[[Unnai Solli Kutramillai]]'') and karate practitioner, leukemia.<ref>[https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/actor-martial-artist-shihan-hussaini-passes-away-in-chennai-he-was-60 Actor, martial artist Shihan Hussaini passes away in Chennai, he was 60]</ref> *[[Masahiro Shinoda]], 94, Japanese film director (''[[Demon Pond (1979 movie)|Demon Pond]]'', ''[[Owls' Castle]]'', ''[[Double Suicide (1969 movie)|Double Suicide]]'') and screenwriter.<ref>[https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20250327/k10014762391000.html 映画監督 篠田正浩さん死去94歳「瀬戸内少年野球団」など] {{in lang|ja}}</ref> *[[François Trucy]], 93, French politician, mayor of [[Toulon]] (1985–1995), [[Senate (France)|senator]] (1986–2014).<ref>[https://www.varmatin.com/politique/l-ancien-maire-de-toulon-francois-trucy-est-mort-a-l-age-de-93-ans-979418 L’ancien maire de Toulon François Trucy est mort à l’âge de 93 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> ===24=== ===23=== *[[Gianfranco Barra]], 84, Italian actor (''[[Banana Joe (movie)|Banana Joe]]'', ''[[I nuovi mostri]]'', ''[[Double Murder]]'').<ref>[https://www.adnkronos.com/spettacoli/gianfranco-barra-morto-attore-caratterista-bud-spencer-sordi-tognazzi-vanzina_3G3Gs0Apsgh9hJM7dy3lYE Addio a Gianfranco Barra, caratterista per grandi registi: aveva 84 anni] {{in lang|it}}</ref> ===22=== *[[Filiz Akın]], 82, Turkish actress (''[[Birds of Exile]]'', ''[[Tatlı Dillim]]'', ''[[Karateci Kız]]'').<ref>[https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/kultur/usta-oyuncu-filiz-akin-vefat-etti/3517309 Usta oyuncu Filiz Akın vefat etti] {{in lang|tr}}</ref> *[[Larisa Golubkina]], 85, Russian actress (''[[Hussar Ballad]]'', ''[[Give Me a Book of Complaints]]'', ''[[The Tale of Tsar Saltan (1966 movie)|The Tale of Tsar Saltan]]'').<ref>[https://www.starhit.ru/novosti/umerla-larisa-golubkina-6273694/ Умерла Лариса Голубкина] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[Rolf Schimpf]], 100, German actor (''[[Smuglere]]'', ''[[Mensch Bachmann]]'', ''[[Der Alte (television series)|Der Alte]]'').<ref>[https://www.br.de/nachrichten/kultur/bekannt-aus-der-krimiserie-der-alte-schauspieler-rolf-schimpf-mit-100-jahren-gestorben,UgBfWDy Schauspieler Rolf Schimpf mit 100 Jahren gestorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Alex Wyllie]], 80, New Zealand rugby union player and coach ([[New Zealand national rugby union team|national team]]).<ref>[https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/sport/545728/former-all-black-and-coach-alex-grizz-wyllie-dies Former All Black and coach Alex ‘Grizz’ Wyllie dies]</ref> ===21=== *[[George Foreman]], 76, American boxer, Olympic champion ([[Boxing at the 1968 Summer Olympics|1968]]) and entrepreneur ([[George Foreman Grill]]).<ref>[https://www.tmz.com/2025/03/21/george-foreman-dead/ Boxing Legend George Foreman Dead at 76]</ref> *[[Štefan Kvietik]], 90, Slovak actor (''[[The Boxer and Death]]'', ''[[The Millennial Bee]]'', ''[[Sitting on a Branch, Enjoying Myself]]'') and academic.<ref>[https://www.teraz.sk/kultura/tragicka-sprava-zomrel-znamy-slovens/865549-clanok.html Smutná správa: Zomrel známy slovenský herec Štefan Kvietik] {{in lang|sk}}</ref> ===20=== *[[Vitold Fokin]], 92, Ukrainian politician, [[Prime Minister of Ukraine|prime minister]] (1990–1992).<ref>[https://espreso.tv/suspilstvo-pershiy-premer-ministr-ukraini-vitold-fokin-pomer-u-vitsi-92-rokiv Перший прем'єр-міністр України Вітольд Фокін помер у віці 92 років] {{in lang|uk}}</ref> *[[Eddie Jordan]], 76, Irish [[Formula One]] team owner ([[Jordan Grand Prix]]) and television presenter (''[[Top Gear (2002 TV series)|Top Gear]]''), prostate and bladder cancer.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/articles/cq8y1335qlwo Former F1 boss and TV pundit Jordan dies aged 76]</ref> *[[Norm Clarke]], Las Vegas celebrity columnist and former AP sports writer, dies at 82. <ref>[https://emeatribune.com/norm-clarke-a-las-vegas-celebrity-columnist-and-former-ap-sports-writer-dies-at-82/ Las Vegas celebrity columnist and former AP sports writer, dies at 82]{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ===19=== *[[Don Wesely]], 70, American politician, [[List of mayors of Lincoln, Nebraska|mayor of Lincoln]] (1999–2003) and member of the [[Nebraska Legislature]] (1979–1999).<ref>[https://klin.com/2025/03/19/former-lincoln-mayor-don-wesely-passes-away/ Former Lincoln State Senator, Mayor Don Wesely Passes Away]</ref> ===18=== *[[Antonio Gasalla]], 84, Argentine actor (''[[Waiting for the Hearse]]'', ''[[The Truce (1974 movie)|The Truce]]''), comedian, and theatre director.<ref>[https://www.pagina12.com.ar/811556-murio-antonio-gasalla Murió el actor y humorista Antonio Gasalla] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ===17=== *[[David Steven Cohen]], 58, American television writer (''[[Courage the Cowardly Dog]]'', ''[[Parker Lewis Can't Lose]]'') and screenwriter (''[[Balto (movie)|Balto]]''), cancer.<ref>[https://comicbook.com/anime/news/courage-the-cowardly-dog-head-writer-david-steven-cohen-dies-58/ Courage the Cowardly Dog Head Writer David Steven Cohen Reportedly Dies at 58]</ref> ===16=== *[[Émilie Dequenne]], 43, Belgian actress (''[[Rosetta (movie)|Rosetta]]'', ''[[Our Children]]'', ''[[Not My Type]]''), [[adrenocortical carcinoma]].<ref>[https://www.lefigaro.fr/cinema/l-actrice-belge-emilie-dequenne-est-morte-d-un-cancer-20250316 L’actrice belge Émilie Dequenne est morte d’un cancer] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Bindu Ghosh]], 76, Indian actress (''[[Kozhi Koovuthu (1982 movie)|Kozhi Koovuthu]]'', ''[[Uruvangal Maralam]]'', ''[[Thoongathey Thambi Thoongathey]]'') and choreographer.<ref>[https://www.indiaglitz.com/actress-bindu-ghosh-passes-away--news-362980 Renowned Comedy Actress Bindu Ghosh Passes Away; Fans and Film Industry Mourn Her Demise]</ref> *[[Anvar Hasanov]], 74, Azerbaijani actor (''[[Last night of childhood]]'', ''[[My Seven Sons]]'', ''[[Babek (movie)|Babek]]'').<ref>[https://media.az/culture/skonchalsya-narodnyj-artist-azerbajdzhana-anvar-gasanov Скончался народный артист Азербайджана Анвар Гасанов] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> ===15=== *[[Les Binks]], 73, Northern Irish heavy metal drummer ([[Judas Priest]]).<ref>[https://bravewords.com/news/former-judas-priest-drummer-les-binks-dead-at-73/ Former JUDAS PRIEST Drummer LES BINKS Dead At 73]</ref> *[[Delia Razon]], 93, Filipino actress (''[[Rodrigo de Villa]]'', ''[[Gaano Kadalas ang Minsan?]]'', ''[[Ipagpatawad Mo]]'').<ref>[https://mb.com.ph/2025/3/16/veteran-actress-delia-razon-passes-away-93 Veteran actress Delia Razon passes away, 93]</ref> *[[Wings Hauser]], 77, American actor (''[[Tough Guys Don't Dance (movie)|Tough Guys Don't Dance]]'', ''[[The Siege of Firebase Gloria]]'', ''[[Vice Squad (1982 movie)|Vice Squad]]'').<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/film/news/wings-hauser-dead-vice-squad-young-and-the-restless-1236343867/ Wings Hauser, Character Actor From ‘Vice Squad,’ ‘The Young and the Restless,’ Dies at 78]</ref> *[[Slick Watts]], 73, American basketball player ([[Seattle SuperSonics]], [[Utah Jazz#1974–1979: Early years in New Orleans with Pete Maravich|New Orleans Jazz]], [[Houston Rockets]]).<ref>[https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/sonics/sonics-legend-slick-watts-dies-at-73/ Sonics legend Slick Watts dies at 73]</ref> ===14=== *[[Pietro Genuardi]], 62, Italian actor (''[[CentoVetrine]]'', ''[[Killer Crocodile]]'', ''[[Paganini Horror]]'').<ref>[https://www.ansa.it/lazio/notizie/2025/03/14/morto-a-62-anni-lattore-pietro-genuardi_6797c665-beb0-4b65-85cf-644eea2f219c.html Morto a 62 anni l'attore Pietro Genuardi] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Deb Mukherjee]], 83, Indian actor (''[[Aansoo Ban Gaye Phool]]'', ''[[Karate (movie)|Karate]]'', ''[[Gudgudee]]'').<ref>[https://www.news18.com/movies/deb-mukherjee-ayan-mukerjis-father-and-veteran-actor-passes-away-at-83-9261536.html Deb Mukherjee, Ayan Mukerji’s Father And Veteran Actor, Passes Away At 83]</ref> ===13=== *[[Edgar Oehler]], 83, Swiss politician, [[National Council (Switzerland)|MP]] (1971–1995).<ref>[https://www.tagblatt.ch/ostschweiz/rheintal/todesfall-die-ostschweiz-verliert-eine-markante-persoenlichkeit-balgacher-unternehmer-edgar-oehler-verstorben-ld.2746769 Die Ostschweiz verliert eine markante Persönlichkeit: Balgacher Unternehmer Edgar Oehler verstorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Maria Grazia Spina]], 88, Italian actress (''[[Samson and the Slave Queen]]'', ''[[Toto vs. the Black Pirate]]'', ''[[Rugantino (movie)|Rugantino]]'').<ref>[https://www.messaggeroveneto.it/nordest/morta-attrice-grazia-maria-spina-nrkgxdwt Addio all’attrice veneziana Grazia Maria Spina: una vita di arti, segnata dalla bellezza] {{in lang|it}}</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Şinasi Yurtsever]], 51, Turkish actor (''[[Vavien]]'').<ref>[https://medyascope.tv/2025/03/13/sinasi-yurtsever-hayatini-kaybetti/ Oyuncu Şinasi Yurtsever hayatını kaybetti] {{in lang|tr}}</ref> ===12=== *[[Syed Abid Ali]], 83, Indian cricketer ([[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]], [[India national cricket team|national team]]).<ref>[https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/syed-abid-ali-passes-away-dead-83-hyderabad-bowler/article69321408.ece Former India cricketer Syed Abid Ali passes away at 83]</ref> *[[Takashi Inagaki]], 87, Japanese voice actor (''[[Soul Eater]]'', ''[[A Spirit of the Sun]]'', ''[[Kingdom Hearts]]'') and actor, pneumonia.<ref>[https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/76b4d42abf9ef9fc18a1d4d9a9b96d8356112596 "俳優・稲垣隆史さん、肺炎のため死去 87歳 『スター・ウォーズ』パルパティーン最高議長役など多くの吹き替えを担当（オリコン）"]{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *[[Godfrey Lawrence]], 92, Rhodesian cricketer ([[Rhodesia cricket team|Rhodesia]], [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]]).<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/goofy-lawrence-45967 Goofy Lawrence]</ref> *[[Peggy Parnass]], 97, German-Swedish actress (''[[Nobody Loves Me (movie)|Nobody Loves Me]]''), columnist and writer.<ref>[https://www.hagalil.com/2025/03/zum-tod-von-peggy-parnass/ Zum Tod von Peggy Parnass] {{in lang|de}}</ref> ===11=== ===10=== *[[Francis Billy Hilly|Sir Francis Billy Hilly]], 76, Solomon Islands politician, [[Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands|prime minister]] (1993–1994).<ref>[https://islandsbusiness.com/news-break/former-solomon-islands-pm-sir-francis-hilly-dies/ Former Solomon Islands PM Sir Francis Hilly dies]</ref> *[[Stanley R. Jaffe]], 84, American film producer (''[[Kramer vs. Kramer]]'', ''[[Fatal Attraction]]'', ''[[The Bad News Bears]]''), [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Oscar]] winner ([[52nd Academy Awards|1980]]).<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/stanley-jaffe-dead-kramer-kramer-1236159837/ Stanley R. Jaffe, Oscar-Winning ‘Kramer vs. Kramer’ Producer, Dies at 84]</ref> ===9=== *[[Eileen Bennett]], 105, British actress (''[[Thursday's Child (1943 movie)|Thursday's Child]]'', ''[[Much Too Shy]]'', ''[[Trunk Crime]]'').<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2025/03/14/eileen-bennett-george-formby-west-end-stage-cinema/ Eileen Bennett, actress who starred with George Formby on screen and lit up the West End in the war] {{paywall}}</ref> *[[Simon Fisher-Becker]], 63, British actor (''[[Puppy Love (TV series)|Puppy Love]]'', ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (movie)|Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone]]'', ''[[Doctor Who]]'').<ref>[https://cultbox.co.uk/news/simon-fisher-becker-dies-aged-63 Simon Fisher-Becker dies aged 63]</ref> *[[Hans Peter Korff]], 82, German actor (''[[Wayfarers (movie)|Wayfarers]]'', ''[[Pappa Ante Portas]]'', ''[[Beresina, or the Last Days of Switzerland]]'').<ref>[https://www.bluewin.ch/en/entertainment/drombuschs-star-hans-peter-korff-is-dead-2597306.html "Drombuschs" star Hans Peter Korff is dead]</ref> *[[Dick McTaggart]], 89, Scottish boxer, Olympic champion ([[Boxing at the 1956 Summer Olympics – Lightweight|1956]]).<ref>[https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/5197803/dick-mctaggart-dies-dundee-boxing-hero/ Dundee boxing legend Dick McTaggart dies aged 89]</ref> ===8=== ===7=== *[[David Vunagi|Sir David Vunagi]], 73, Solomon Islands bishop and politician, [[Governor-General of Solomon Islands|governor-general]] (2019–2024).<ref>[https://anglican.ink/2025/03/07/death-reported-of-the-former-archbishop-of-melanesia/ Death reported of the former Archbishop of Melanesia ]</ref> *[[D'Wayne Wiggins]], 64, American musician ([[Tony! Toni! Toné!]]) and songwriter ("[[Feels Good]]"), bladder cancer.<ref>[https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/dwayne-wiggins-tony-toni-tone-dies/3812037/ D'Wayne Wiggins of Tony! Toni! Toné! dies after battle with cancer]</ref> ===6=== *[[Brian James (guitarist)|Brian James]], 70, English punk rock guitarist ([[The Damned (band)|The Damned]], [[The Lords of the New Church]]) and songwriter ("[[New Rose]]").<ref>[https://blabbermouth.net/news/founding-the-damned-guitarist-brian-james-dead-at-70 Founding The Damned Guitarist Brian James Dead At 70]</ref> *[[Crystal-Donna Roberts]], 40, South African actress (''[[Arendsvlei]]'', ''[[The Endless River (movie)|The Endless River]]'', ''[[Chronicle (movie)|Chronicle]]''), breast cancer.<ref>[https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/celebrities/celebrated-arendsvlei-and-7de-laan-actor-crystal-donna-roberts-40-has-died-20250306 Celebrated Arendsvlei and 7de Laan actor Crystal-Donna Roberts, 40, has died]</ref> *[[Árpád Sopsits]], 72, Hungarian film director (''[[Strangled (movie)|Strangled]]'').<ref>[https://index.hu/kultur/2025/03/06/sopsits-arpad-rendezo-szinhaz-martfui-rem-magyar-filmszemle/ Meghalt Sopsits Árpád Balázs Béla-díjas színház- és filmrendező] {{in lang|hu}}</ref> ===5=== *[[Edesio Alejandro]], 66, Cuban singer, guitarist and composer (''[[Clandestinos (1987 movie)|Clandestinos]]'', ''[[Hello Hemingway]]''), cancer.<ref>[https://www.cubaheadlines.com/articles/298266 Cuban Musician Edesio Alejandro Passes Away in Madrid]</ref> *[[Randy Brown (musician)|Randy Brown]], 72, American R&B singer.<ref>[https://soultracks.com/news-southern-soul-singer-randy-brown-dies/ Smooth soul singer Randy Brown dies at 72]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Sylvester Turner]], 70, American politician, member of the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]] (since 2025), [[List of mayors of Houston|mayor of Houston]] (2016–2024).<ref>[https://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/article/us-rep-and-former-houston-mayor-sylvester-turner-20204240.php? US Rep. and former Houston mayor Sylvester Turner dies at 70]</ref> ===4=== ===3=== *[[Kathryn Apanowicz]], 64, British actress (''[[Angels (TV series)|Angels]]'', ''[[EastEnders]]'') and television presenter (''[[Calendar (British TV programme)|Calendar]]'').<ref>[https://www.itv.com/news/calendar/2025-03-03/former-presenter-and-actress-kathryn-apanowicz-dies Former Yorkshire Television presenter and actress Kathryn Apanowicz dies aged 64]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Eleonora Giorgi]], 71, Italian actress (''[[Talcum Powder (movie)|Talcum Powder]]'', ''[[Mani di fata]]'', ''[[Inferno (1980 movie)|Inferno]]''), pancreatic cancer.<ref>[https://www.ilmessaggero.it/persone/eleonora_giorgi_morta_roma_paideia_racconto_malattia_carriera-8665149.html Eleonora Giorgi è morta, aveva 71 anni: era malata da tempo. Dalle commedie anni Ottanta al racconto del tumore] {{in lang|it}}</ref> ===2=== *[[Juan Margallo]], 84, Spanish actor (''[[Dragon Rapide (movie)|Dragon Rapide]]'', ''[[Solitary Fragments]]'') and theatre director, complications from a fall.<ref>[https://elpais.com/cultura/2025-03-02/muere-juan-margallo-a-los-84-anos-referente-del-teatro-independiente-en-espana.html Muere Juan Margallo a los 84 años, referente del teatro independiente en España] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ===1=== *[[Monika Lundi]], 82, German actress (''[[The Heath Is Green (1972 movie)|The Heath Is Green]]'', ''[[Crazy – Completely Mad]]'', ''[[No Gold for a Dead Diver]]'').<ref>[https://trauer.sueddeutsche.de/traueranzeige/monika-stetter-lundi Monika Stetter-Lundi] {{in lang|de}}</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Joey Molland]], 77, English guitarist ([[Badfinger]]) and songwriter.<ref>[https://bestclassicbands.com/joey-molland-badfinger-obituary-3-2-25/ Joey Molland, Last Member of Classic Badfinger Lineup, Dies at 77]</ref> *[[Angie Stone]], 63, American singer ("[[No More Rain (In This Cloud)]]", "[[Wish I Didn't Miss You]]") and rapper ([[The Sequence]]), traffic collision.<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/music/news/angie-stone-dead-wish-i-didnt-miss-you-singer-the-sequence-1236324437/ Angie Stone, 'Wish I Didn't Miss You' singer and co-founder of the Sequence, dies at 63 ]</ref> ==February== ===28=== *[[David Johansen]], 75, American musician ([[New York Dolls]]), singer ("[[Hot Hot Hot (Arrow song)|Hot Hot Hot]]") and actor (''[[Scrooged]]''), cancer.<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/music/news/david-johansen-dead-new-york-dolls-1236324334/ David Johansen, New York Dolls Frontman, Dies at 75]</ref> ===27=== *[[Christopher Hughes (quiz contestant)|Christopher Hughes]], 77, English professional quizzer (''[[Eggheads (game show)|Eggheads]]'').<ref>[https://www.lbc.co.uk/news/entertainment/eggheads-chris-hughes-dies-aged-77/ Eggheads quiz expert Chris Hughes dies aged 77 as show pays tribute]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Uttam Mohanty]], 66, Indian actor (''[[Naya Zaher]]'', ''[[Ae Jugara Krushna Sudama]]'', ''[[Purushottam (movie)|Purushottam]]''), cirrhosis.<ref>[https://kalingatv.com/odisha/veteran-odia-actor-uttam-mohanty-dies-while-undergoing-treatment-in-gurugram/ Veteran Odia actor Uttam Mohanty dies while undergoing treatment in Gurugram]</ref> ===26=== *[[Gene Hackman]], 95, American actor (''[[The French Connection (movie)|The French Connection]]'', ''[[Bonnie and Clyde (movie)|Bonnie and Clyde]]'', ''[[Mississippi Burning]]'').<ref>[https://nypost.com/2025/02/27/entertainment/gene-hackman-and-wife-betsy-found-dead-in-new-mexico-home-police/ Legendary actor Gene Hackman, wife Betsy and dog found dead inside New Mexico home: police]</ref> *[[Lis Nilheim]], 80, Swedish actress (''[[Maria (1975 movie)|Maria]]'', ''[[Madicken på Junibacken]]'', ''[[Raskenstam]]'').<ref>[https://www.dagbladet.no/studio/kjendisstudio/668?post=178594 Svensk skuespiller er død] {{in lang|no}}</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Michelle Trachtenberg]], 39, American actress (''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer]]'', ''[[Harriet the Spy (movie)|Harriet the Spy]]'', ''[[Gossip Girl]]'').<ref>[https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Culture/buffy-gossip-girl-actress-michelle-trachtenberg-dead-39/story?id=119215091 'Buffy' and 'Gossip Girl' actress Michelle Trachtenberg dead at 39]</ref> ===25=== *[[Ronald Draper]], 98, South African cricketer ([[Eastern Province cricket team|Eastern Province]], [[Northern Cape (cricket team)|Griqualand West]], [[South Africa national cricket team|national team]]).<ref>[https://www.news24.com/sport/cricket/oldest-test-cricketer-dies-in-south-africa-aged-98-20250228 Oldest Test cricketer dies in South Africa aged 98]</ref> *[[Roberto Orci]], 51, Mexican-born American screenwriter (''[[Star Trek (movie)|Star Trek]]'', ''[[Transformers (movie)|Transformers]]'') and television producer (''[[Fringe (TV series)|Fringe]]''), kidney disease.<ref>[https://deadline.com/2025/02/roberto-orci-dead-star-trek-transformers-writer-producer-1236301807/ Roberto Orci Dies: ‘Star Trek’, ‘Transformers’ & ‘Hawaii Five-0’ Writer-Producer Was 51]</ref> ===24=== *[[Roberta Flack]], 88, American singer ("[[Killing Me Softly With His Song]]", "[[The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face]]", "[[Feel Like Makin' Love (Roberta Flack song)|Feel Like Makin' Love]]") and songwriter, [[Grammy Award|Grammy]] winner ([[15th Annual Grammy Awards|1973]], [[16th Annual Grammy Awards|1974]]), complications from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/music/news/roberta-flack-singer-killing-me-softly-dead-1236318888/ Roberta Flack, ’70s R&B Vocalist Known for ‘Killing Me Softly,’ Dies at 88]</ref> *[[Robert John]], 79, American singer ("[[Sad Eyes (Robert John song)|Sad Eyes]]", "[[If You Don't Want My Love]]").<ref>[https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/robert-john-sad-eyes-singer-dead-obituary-1235279707/ Robert John, Crooner Behind Number One Hit ‘Sad Eyes,’ Dead at 79]</ref> *[[Keith Slater]], 89, Australian cricketer ([[Western Australia cricket team|Western Australia]]) and [[Australian rules football|footballer]] ([[Swan Districts Football Club|Swan Districts]], [[Western Australia Australian rules football team|Western Australia]]).<ref>[https://www.sportfm.com.au/news/all-round-champion-keith-slater-dies-at-age-89/ All-round champion Keith Slater dies at age 89]</ref> ===23=== *[[Chris Jasper]], 73, American [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] singer ([[The Isley Brothers]], [[Isley-Jasper-Isley]]), songwriter ("[[Caravan of Love]]"), keyboardist and producer, cancer.<ref>[https://soultracks.com/news-chris-jasper-dies/ Legendary Isley Brothers member and soul music star Chris Jasper dies]</ref> *[[Thanin Kraivichien]], 97, Thai politician, [[Prime Minister of Thailand|prime minister]] (1976–1977) and acting president of the [[Privy Council of Thailand|Privy Council]] (2016).<ref>[https://www.matichon.co.th/politics/news_5062871 ธานินทร์ กรัยวิเชียร อดีตนายกรัฐมนตรี ถึงแก่อสัญกรรม ในวัย 97 ปี] {{in lang|th}}</ref> *[[Atilio Veronelli]], 65, Argentine actor (''[[The Journey (1992 movie)|The Journey]]'', ''[[Where Are You My Love, That I Cannot Find You?]]'', ''[[Amigomío]]'') and stage director.<ref>[https://tn.com.ar/show/famosos/2025/02/23/a-los-65-anos-murio-el-actor-atilio-veronelli/ A los 65 años, murió el actor Atilio Veronelli] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ===22=== ===21=== *[[Amélia Bittencourt]], 86, Brazilian actress (''[[The Ballroom]]'').<ref>[https://extra.globo.com/famosos/noticia/2025/02/atriz-amelia-bittencourt-morre-aos-86-anos-no-rs.ghtml Atriz Amélia Bittencourt morre aos 86 anos no RS] {{in lang|pt}}</ref> *[[Gwen McCrae]], 81, American singer ("[[Rockin' Chair (Gwen McCrae song)|Rockin' Chair]]").<ref>[https://soultracks.com/news-gwen-mccrae-dies/ R.I.P. soul and disco star Gwen McCrae]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Lynne Marie Stewart]], 78, American actress (''[[Pee-wee's Playhouse]]'', ''[[It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia]]'', ''[[American Graffiti]]'').<ref>[https://extratv.com/2025/02/21/miss-yvonne-actress-lynne-marie-stewart-dies-at-78/ Miss Yvonne of 'Pee-Wee's Playhouse,' Lynne Marie Stewart, Dies at 78]</ref> *[[Voletta Wallace]], 78, American record producer and film producer (''[[Notorious (2009 movie)|Notorious]]'').<ref>[https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/voletta-wallace-notorious-big-bigie-smalls-mother-1235275517/ Voletta Wallace, the Notorious B.I.G.’s Mother, Dead at 78]</ref> ===20=== *[[Jerry Butler]], 85, American [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] soul singer-songwriter ("[[Only the Strong Survive (song)|Only the Strong Survive]]", "[[He Will Break Your Heart]]"), musician ([[The Impressions]]) and politician, complications from Parkinson's disease.<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/music/news/jerry-butler-impressions-singer-dead-chicago-politician-1236315232/ Jerry Butler, Impressions Singer and Chicago Politician, Dies at 85]</ref> *[[Peter Jason]], 80, American actor (''[[They Live]]'', ''[[48 Hrs.]]'', ''[[Deadwood (TV series)|Deadwood]]'').<ref>[https://bloody-disgusting.com/news/3855565/peter-jason-character-actor-and-john-carpenter-regular-has-passed-away/ Peter Jason, Character Actor and John Carpenter Regular, Has Passed Away]</ref> *[[Friedrich-Wilhelm Junge]], 86, German actor (''[[SAS 181 Does Not Reply]]'', ''[[Love's Confusion]]'').<ref>[https://www.tag24.de/dresden/kultur-leute/trauer-um-dresdner-brettl-gruender-schauspieler-friedrich-wilhelm-junge-ist-tot-3361989 Trauer um "Dresdner Brettl"-Gründer: Schauspieler Friedrich-Wilhelm Junge ist tot!] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Bidur Prasad Sapkota]], 59, Nepali politician, [[Federal Parliament of Nepal|MP]] (2014–2017), lung disease.<ref>[https://risingnepaldaily.com/news/57446 Constituent Assembly member Sapkota passes away]</ref> ===19=== *[[Souleymane Cissé (film director)|Souleymane Cissé]], 84, Malian film director (''[[Yeelen]]'', ''[[The Young Girl]]'', ''[[Waati]]'').<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2025/02/19/souleymane-cisse-un-des-chefs-de-file-du-cinema-africain-est-mort_6554682_3382.html# Souleymane Cissé, un des chefs de file du cinéma africain, est mort] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Norberto Huezo]], 68, Salvadoran footballer ([[Palencia CF (1960)|Palencia]], [[Cartagena FC|Cartagena]], [[El Salvador national football team|national team]]), stroke.<ref>[https://www.laprensagrafica.com/deportes/Fallecio-Norberto-Pajarito-Huezo-a-los-68-anos-20250219-0019.html Falleció Norberto "Pájarito" Huezo a los 68 años]{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Tony Isbert]], 74, Spanish actor (''[[A House Without Boundaries]]'', ''[[The Rift (1990 movie)|The Rift]]''), pneumonia.<ref>[https://elcierredigital.com/cultura/muere-los-75-anos-gran-actor-tony-isbert-nieto-del-popular-pepe-isbert Muere a los 74 años el gran actor Tony Isbert, nieto del popular Pepe Isbert] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ===18=== ===17=== *[[Rick Buckler]], 69, English drummer ([[The Jam]]).<ref>[https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/uk-news/jams-drummer-rick-buckler-dies-31032794 The Jam's drummer Rick Buckler dies aged 69 as bandmates pay tribute]</ref> *[[Juan Mariné]], 104, Spanish cinematographer (''[[Ninety Minutes]]'', ''[[Day by Day (movie)|Day by Day]]'', ''[[Fog and Sun]]'') and film restorer.<ref>[https://www.academiadecine.com/2025/02/18/fallece-el-centenario-director-de-fotografia-juan-marine/ Fallece el centenario director de fotografía Juan Mariné] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Jamie Muir]], 82, Scottish musician ([[King Crimson]]) and painter.<ref>[https://www.loudersound.com/news/king-crimson-percussionist-jamie-muir-has-died-aged-82 King Crimson percussionist Jamie Muir has died, aged 82]</ref> ===16=== *[[Julian Holloway]], 80, British actor (''[[Carry On (franchise)|Carry On]]'', ''[[James Bond Jr.]]'', ''[[Regular Show]]'').<ref>[https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/national/24944659.carry-star-julian-holloway-dies-aged-80/ Carry On star Julian Holloway dies aged 80]</ref> *[[Evan Hultman]], 99, American politician, [[Attorney General of Iowa|attorney general of Iowa]] (1961–1965).<ref>[https://wcfcourier.com/news/local/evan-curly-hultman-champion-for-veterans-passes-away/article_2da3c232-ed6a-11ef-b287-8bd17d24ab29.html Evan 'Curly' Hultman, champion for veterans and former Iowa attorney general, dies at 99] {{paywall}}</ref> *[[Kim Sae-ron]], 24, South Korean actress (''[[A Brand New Life (2009 movie)|A Brand New Life]]'', ''[[The Man from Nowhere (2010 movie)|The Man from Nowhere]]'', ''[[A Girl at My Door]]'').<ref>[https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/art/2025/02/398_392355.html Actress Kim Sae-ron found dead at home]</ref> *[[Krishnaveni (actress)|Krishnaveni]], 100, Indian actress (''[[Bhakta Prahlada (1942 Telugu movie)|Bhakta Prahlada]]'', ''[[Brahma Ratham]]'', ''[[Mana Desam]]''), singer, and film producer.<ref>[https://telanganatoday.com/veteran-actress-and-producer-c-krishnaveni-passes-away-at-100 Veteran actress and producer C Krishnaveni passes away at 100]</ref> *[[Yolanda Montes]], 93, American-Mexican actress (''[[Salomé (TV series)|Salomé]]'', ''[[Kill Me Because I'm Dying!]]'', ''[[Nocturne of Love (1948 movie)|Nocturne of Love]]'') and dancer, complications from Alzheimer's disease.<ref>[https://www.hola.com/us/entertainment/20250217814783/yolanda-montes-tongolele-dies-at-93/ Yolanda Montes ‘Tongolele,’ Icon of Mexican Cinema, Dies at 93]</ref> ===15=== *[[Renato Ballardini]], 97, Italian resistance fighter and politician, [[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|deputy]] (1958–1979).<ref>[https://www.vitatrentina.it/2025/02/15/e-morto-a-97-anni-renato-ballardini-partigiano-ed-ex-parlamentare/ È morto a 97 anni Renato Ballardini, partigiano ed ex parlamentare] {{in lang|it}}</ref> ===14=== *[[Carlos Diegues]], 84, Brazilian film director (''[[Ganga Zumba (movie)|Ganga Zumba]]'', ''[[Bye Bye Brasil]]'', ''[[Deus é Brasileiro]]''), complications from surgery.<ref>[https://apnews.com/article/brazil-obit-film-diegues-cinema-novo-e0d8973de4bba1d1e9ceb833596de5fe Cacá Diegues, renowned Brazilian filmmaker and leading figure in Cinema Novo, dies at 84]</ref> *[[Alice Hirson]], 95, American actress (''[[Another World (TV series)|Another World]]'', ''[[Being There]]'', ''[[One Life to Live]]'').<ref>[https://soaphub.com/general-hospital/news-gh/general-hospital-oltl-alum-alice-hirson-dead-at-95/ General Hospital OLTL Alum Alice Hirson Dead At 95]</ref> *[[Fulke Johnson Houghton]], 84, British Thoroughbred racehorse trainer.<ref>[https://www.herefordtimes.com/sport/national/24936109.training-great-fulke-johnson-houghton-dies-aged-84/ Training great Fulke Johnson Houghton dies aged 84]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Geneviève Page]], 97, French actress (''[[Belle de Jour (movie)|Belle de Jour]]'', ''[[Grand Prix (1966 movie)|Grand Prix]]'', ''[[The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes]]'').<ref>[https://www.lefigaro.fr/theatre/deces-genevieve-page-gloire-du-theatre-a-l-age-de-97-ans-20250214 Décès de Geneviève Page, gloire du théâtre, à l’âge de 97 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> ===13=== ===12=== *[[Nike Arrighi]], 80, French actress (''[[The Devil Rides Out (movie)|The Devil Rides Out]]'', ''[[Day for Night (movie)|Day for Night]]'', ''[[Women in Love (movie)|Women in Love]]'').<ref>[https://theunmutual.co.uk/ Nike Arrighi 1944-2025]</ref> *[[Tommy Hunt]], 91, American [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] soul singer ([[The Flamingos]]).<ref>[https://www.clashmusic.com/news/soul-legend-tommy-hunt-has-died/ Soul Legend Tommy Hunt Has Died]</ref> ===11=== *[[Annie Joe Edwards]], 76, American actress (''[[Bullets Over Broadway]]'', ''[[The Purple Rose of Cairo]]'', ''[[Ain't Misbehavin' (musical)|Ain't Misbehavin']]'').<ref>[https://www.birminghamtimes.com/2025/02/annie-joe-edwards-birmingham-native-actress-composer-musician-dies-at-76/ Annie Joe Edwards, Multi-Talented Birmingham Actress, Composer, Musician, Dies at 76]</ref> *[[Moses Lim]], 75, Singaporean actor (''[[Under One Roof (Singaporean TV series)|Under One Roof]]'').<ref>[https://www.tnp.sg/entertainment/veteran-actor-moses-lim-dies-age-75 Veteran actor Moses Lim dies at age 75]</ref> *[[Norma Mora]], 81, Mexican actress (''[[Qué perra vida]]'', ''[[Los astronautas]]'').<ref>[https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/espectaculos/2025/02/12/muere-norma-mora-actriz-mexicana-que-trabajo-con-tin-tan-y-el-santo-quien-era-que-le-paso/ Muere Norma Mora a los 81 años: ¿Qué le pasó a la actriz que trabajó con Tin Tan y El Santo?] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ===10=== *[[Takis Ikonomopoulos]], 81, Greek footballer ([[Panathinaikos F.C.|Panathinaikos]], [[Apollon Smyrnis F.C.|Apollon Athens]], [[Greece national football team|national team]]), stroke.<ref>[https://www.ekathimerini.com/sports/1261252/legendary-panathinaikos-goalkeeper-takis-oikonomopoulos-passes-away-at-81/ Soccer legend Takis Oikonomopoulos passes away at 81]</ref> *[[Peter Tuiasosopo]], 61, American football player ([[Los Angeles Rams]]) and actor (''[[Street Fighter (1994 movie)|Street Fighter]]'', ''[[Necessary Roughness (movie)|Necessary Roughness]]'').<ref>[https://deadline.com/2025/02/peter-navy-tuiasosopo-dead-actor-1236284912/ Peter Navy Tuiasosopo Dies: ‘Street Fighter’, ‘Necessary Roughness’ Actor Was 61]</ref> ===9=== *[[Tom Robbins]], 92, American novelist (''[[Even Cowgirls Get the Blues (novel)|Even Cowgirls Get the Blues]]'', ''[[Jitterbug Perfume]]'', ''[[Still Life with Woodpecker]]'').<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/feb/10/tom-robbins-comic-novelist-of-us-counterculture-dies-aged-92 Tom Robbins, comic novelist of US counterculture, dies aged 92]</ref> *[[Oleg Strizhenov]], 95, Russian actor (''[[The Mexican (1955 movie)|The Mexican]]'', ''[[The Captain's Daughter (1958 movie)|The Captain's Daughter]]'', ''[[The Star of Captivating Happiness]]'').<ref>[https://aif.ru/culture/akter-oleg-strizhenov-umer-na-96-m-godu-zhizni Актер Олег Стриженов умер на 96-м году жизни] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> ===8=== *[[Baldemar Carrasco]], 93, Chilean politician, [[Chamber of Deputies of Chile|deputy]] (1969–1973, 1990–1994).<ref>[https://www.latercera.com/nacional/noticia/fallece-a-los-93-anos-baldemar-carrasco-exdiputado-y-miembro-del-grupo-de-los-13-de-la-dc/EGI4B6WO2BBFBFZGI75IXUTCW4/ Fallece a los 93 años Baldemar Carrasco, exdiputado y miembro del “Grupo de los 13″ de la DC] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Sam Nujoma]], 95, Namibian politician, [[President of Namibia|president]] (1990–2005).<ref>[https://www.namibian.com.na/namibias-founding-president-sam-nujoma-dies/ Namibia’s founding president, Sam Nujoma, dies]</ref> ===7=== *[[Anthony Dileo Jr.]], American actor (''[[Day of the Dead (1985 movie)|Day of the Dead]]'', ''[[Two Evil Eyes]]'', ''[[Lorenzo's Oil]]''), complications from COVID-19.<ref>[https://bloody-disgusting.com/news/3853900/day-of-the-dead-actor-anthony-dileo-jr-has-passed-away/ ‘Day of the Dead’ Actor Anthony DiLeo Jr. Has Passed Away]</ref> *[[Bruce French (actor)|Bruce French]], 79, American actor (''[[Passions]]'', ''[[The Riches]]'', ''[[Fletch (movie)|Fletch]]''), complications from Alzheimer's disease.<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/bruce-french-dead-passions-1236131400/ Bruce French, ‘Passions’ Actor and a Veteran of the Stage, Dies at 79]</ref> *[[Tony Roberts (actor)|Tony Roberts]], 85, American actor (''[[Annie Hall]]'', ''[[Play It Again, Sam (movie)|Play It Again, Sam]]'', ''[[Serpico]]''), lung cancer.<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/tony-roberts-dead-woody-allen-annie-hall-1236130177/ Tony Roberts, Woody Allen Sidekick and Broadway Stalwart, Dies at 85]</ref> ===6=== ===5=== *[[Irv Gotti]], 54, American record producer ("[[Foolish (Ashanti song)|Foolish]]", "[[Always on Time]]") and executive ([[Murder Inc. Records]]).<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/music-news/irv-gotti-murder-inc-founder-dies-1236128314/ Irv Gotti, Murder Inc. Founder Who Worked With Ashanti and Ja Rule, Dies at 54]</ref> *[[Brian Turner (New Zealand poet)|Brian Turner]], 80, New Zealand poet and field hockey player ([[New Zealand men's national field hockey team|national team]]), heart attack.<ref>[https://newsroom.co.nz/2025/02/06/brian-turner-dies/ Brian Turner dies]</ref> ===4=== *[[Sid Ahmed Ghozali]], 87, Algerian politician, [[Prime Minister of Algeria|prime minister]] (1991–1992).<ref>[https://www.ennaharonline.com/وفاة-رئيس-الحكومة-الأسبق-سيد-احمد-غزال/ وفاة رئيس الحكومة الأسبق سيد احمد غزالي] {{in lang|ar}}</ref> ===3=== *[[Rich Dauer]], 72, American baseball player ([[Baltimore Orioles]]) and coach ([[Kansas City Royals]], [[Colorado Rockies]]).<ref>[https://www.cbssports.com/mlb/news/rich-dauer-orioles-hall-of-famer-and-former-astros-coach-dies-at-72/ Rich Dauer, Orioles Hall of Famer and former Astros coach, dies at 72]</ref> *[[Bettina Heltberg]], 82, Danish journalist (''[[Politiken]]'') and actress (''[[Det støver stadig]]'').<ref>[https://ekstrabladet.dk/underholdning/dkkendte/bettina-heltberg-er-doed/10518513 Bettina Heltberg er død] {{in lang|da}}</ref> ===2=== *[[Lee Joo-shil]], 80, South Korean actress (''[[The Uncanny Counter]]'', ''[[Train to Busan]]'', ''[[Squid Game]]''), stomach cancer.<ref>[https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250202002700315 Veteran actress Lee Joo-shil dies of stomach cancer at 81]</ref> *[[Brian Murphy]], 92, English actor (''[[Man About the House]]'', ''[[George and Mildred]]'', ''[[Last of the Summer Wine]]'') and comedian, cancer.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cdxeg4q0rddo Sitcom actor Brian Murphy dies aged 92]</ref> ===1=== *[[Horst Köhler]], 81, German economist and politician, [[President of Germany|president]] (2004–2010), president of the [[European Bank for Reconstruction and Development|EBRD]] (1998–2000) and managing director of the [[IMF]] (2000–2004).<ref>[https://www.zdf.de/nachrichten/politik/deutschland/ex-bundespraesident-horst-koehler-tot-100.html Ex-Bundespräsident Horst Köhler gestorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Fay Vincent]], 86, American lawyer and sports executive, [[commissioner of baseball]] (1989–1992), bladder cancer.<ref>[https://www.espn.co.uk/mlb/story/_/id/43667090/former-mlb-commissioner-fay-vincent-dies-86 Former MLB commissioner Fay Vincent dies at 86] </ref> ==January== ===31=== *[[Buster Farrer]], 88, South African cricketer ([[Border (cricket team)|Border]], [[South Africa national cricket team|national team]]), tennis player and field hockey player.<ref>[https://www.theherald.co.za/sport/2025-02-02-sporting-community-mourns-multitalented-buster-farrers-death/ Sporting community mourns multitalented Buster Farrer’s death]</ref> *[[Táňa Radeva]], 67, Slovak actress (''[[Bathory (movie)|Bathory]]'', ''[[Lóve]]'', ''[[Dubček (movie)|Dubček]]'').<ref>[https://www.aktuality.sk/clanok/UNH4MvO/zomrela-herecka-tana-radeva/ Zomrela herečka Táňa Radeva] {{in lang|sk}}</ref> *[[Kärt Tomingas]], 57, Estonian actress (''[[Those Old Love Letters]]'', ''[[Zero Point (movie)|Zero Point]]''), singer and educator.<ref>[https://kultuur.err.ee/1609593032/suri-naitleja-ja-laulja-kart-tomingas Suri näitleja ja laulja Kärt Tomingas] {{in lang|et}}</ref> ===30=== *[[Julius Chan|Sir Julius Chan]], 85, Papua New Guinean politician, [[Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea|prime minister]] (1980–1982, 1994–1997, 1997).<ref>[https://www.postcourier.com.pg/the-last-man-standing-falls/ The "last man standing" falls]</ref> *[[Marianne Faithfull]], 78, English singer ("[[As Tears Go By (song)|As Tears Go By]]"), songwriter ("[[Broken English (song)|Broken English]]") and actress (''[[The Girl on a Motorcycle]]'').<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cp8k931j423o Singer Marianne Faithfull dies at 78]</ref> ===29=== ===28=== *[[Horst Janson (actor)|Horst Janson]], 89, German actor (''[[The Buddenbrooks (1959 movie)|The Buddenbrooks]]'', ''[[Das Riesenrad]]'', ''[[Murphy's War]]''), complications from a stroke.<ref>[https://www.bild.de/unterhaltung/stars-und-leute/horst-janson-der-sesamstrasse-star-ist-tot-6798bb453205537d00c7365f Die „Sesamstraße“ weint! TV-Star Horst Janson (89) ist tot] {{in lang|de}}</ref> (death announced on this date) ===27=== *[[Alma Rosa Aguirre]], 95, Mexican actress (''[[The Stronger Sex (1946 movie)|The Stronger Sex]]'', ''[[Nosotras las taquígrafas]]'', ''[[The Border Man]]'').<ref>[https://www.milenio.com/espectaculos/famosos/muere-alma-rosa-aguirre-hermana-elsa-aguirre Muere Alma Rosa Aguirre, actriz del Cine de Oro mexicano y hermana de Elsa Aguirre, a los 95 años] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Yoon Dae-sung]], 85, South Korean playwright and screenwriter (''[[All That Falls Has Wings]]'', ''[[Black Republic]]'').<ref>[https://www.chosun.com/culture-life/performance-arts/2025/01/27/GTYMSHTSUZC65EHABVIGGTJDWE/ "어렵고 불편해 괴로움 줘야 진짜 연극"… 극작가 윤대성 별세] {{in lang|ko}}</ref> ===26=== *[[Shafi (director)|Shafi]], 56, Indian film director (''[[One Man Show (movie)|One Man Show]]'', ''[[Kalyanaraman (2002 movie)|Kalyanaraman]]'', ''[[Pulival Kalyanam]]''), complications from a stroke.<ref>[https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=1468886&u=popular-film-director-shafi-passes-away Popular film director Shafi passes away]</ref> *[[Igor Yankovsky]], 73, Russian actor (''[[Investigation Led by Experts]]'', ''[[The Suicide Club, or the Adventures of a Titled Person]]'', ''[[Charlotte's Necklace]]''), cirrhosis.<ref>[https://www.starhit.ru/novosti/umer-plemyannik-olega-yankovskogo-igor-stradavshii-ot-raka-6191019/ Умер племянник Олега Янковского Игорь, страдавший от рака] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> ===25=== *[[Dražen Dalipagić]], 73, Serbian [[Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] basketball player ([[KK Partizan|Partizan]], [[Reyer Venezia|Carrera Venezia]]) and coach ([[Nuova Pallacanestro Gorizia]]), Olympic champion ([[Basketball at the 1980 Summer Olympics|1980]]).<ref>[https://about.fiba.basketball/en/news/basketball-world-mourns-loss-of-serbian-legend-drazen-dalipagic Basketball world mourns loss of Serbian legend Drazen Dalipagic]</ref> *[[Ole Neumann]], 77, Danish actor (''[[Father of Four (movie)|Father of Four]]'', ''[[The Heir to Næsbygaard]]'', ''[[Father of Four on Bornholm]]'').<ref>[https://ekstrabladet.dk/underholdning/dkkendte/ole-lille-per-neumann-er-doed/10510385 Ole 'Lille Per' Neumann er død] {{in lang|da}}</ref> *[[Gloria Romero (actress)|Gloria Romero]], 91, Filipino actress (''[[Ilocana Maiden]]'', ''[[Iginuhit ng Tadhana (The Ferdinand E. Marcos Story)]]'', ''[[Condemned (1984 movie)|Condemned]]'').<ref>[https://www.bomboradyo.com/veteran-actress-gloria-romero-pumanaw-na-91 Veteran actress Gloria Romero pumanaw na, 91] {{in lang|tl}}</ref> ===24=== *[[Unk]], 42, American rapper ("[[Walk It Out (Unk song)|Walk It Out]]", "[[2 Step (song)|2 Step]]", "[[Show Out (Unk song)|Show Out]]").<ref>[https://blackamericaweb.com/2025/01/24/how-did-dj-unk-die/ DJ Unk, Known for “Walk It Out” and “2 Step”, Dead at 42]</ref> ===23=== ===22=== *[[Nicholas Eadie]], 67, Australian actor (''[[Vietnam (miniseries)|Vietnam]]'', ''[[The Man from Snowy River II]]'', ''[[Fragments of War: The Story of Damien Parer]]'', ''[[Cop Shop]]'').<ref>[https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/celebrity-deaths/aussie-tv-and-theatre-legend-nicholas-eadie-dead-at-67/news-story/aa838665ab8db849dae3e0939c932789 Aussie TV and theatre legend Nicholas Eadie dead at 67]</ref> * [[Wim van Elk]], 87, Dutch politician.<ref>[https://www.bd.nl/eindhoven/oud-burgemeester-van-helmond-wim-van-elk-87-overleden-burgemeester-sjoerd-potters-reageert-geschrokken-en-bedroefd~aa80e8ab/?cb=1db74fd6-cd74-4d15-aa4d-67e2c838a236&auth_rd=1 Oud-burgemeester van Helmond Wim van Elk (87) overleden, burgemeester Sjoerd Potters reageert ‘geschrokken en bedroefd’] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> ===21=== *[[Mauricio Funes]], 65, Salvadoran politician and convicted criminal, [[President of El Salvador|president]] (2009–2014).<ref>[https://www.barrons.com/news/ex-salvadoran-leader-mauricio-funes-dies-in-nicaragua-ec6ec769 Ex-Salvadoran Leader Mauricio Funes Dies In Nicaragua]</ref> *[[Garth Hudson]], 87, Canadian [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] musician ([[The Band]]) and keyboardist ("[[Chest Fever]]").<ref>[https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/music/garth-hudson-the-last-living-member-of-the-band-dead-at-87/article_983498e8-d7fc-11ef-ac3c-4b6836c7f137.html Garth Hudson, the last living member of The Band, dead at 87]</ref> ===20=== *[[Bertrand Blier]], 85, French film director (''[[Get Out Your Handkerchiefs]]'', ''[[Beau Pere]]'', ''[[Buffet froid]]'').<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2025/01/21/bertrand-blier-realisateur-et-scenariste-auteur-des-valseuses-est-mort-a-85-ans_6508368_3382.html Bertrand Blier, réalisateur et scénariste, auteur des « Valseuses », est mort à 85 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Luc Cauwenberghs]], 72, Belgian visual artist.<ref>[https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2025/01/23/kunstenaar-uit-tervuren-luc-cauwenberghs-overleden/ Kunstenaar Luc Cauwenberghs (72) overleden, maker van beelden van Nero en Urbanus] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Bob Kuban]], 84, American bandleader and musician ([[The Cheater (song)|"The Cheater"]]), stroke.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fox2now.com/news/missouri/bob-kuban-st-louis-musician-and-rock-roll-hall-of-famer-passes/ |title=Bob Kuban, St. Louis musician and Rock & Roll Hall of Famer, dead at 84 |access-date=2025-01-21 |archive-date=2025-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122145308/https://fox2now.com/news/missouri/bob-kuban-st-louis-musician-and-rock-roll-hall-of-famer-passes/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Harald Paalgard]], 74, Norwegian cinematographer (''[[Orion's Belt (movie)|Orion's Belt]]'', ''[[Dreamplay]]'', ''[[The Woman That Dreamed About a Man]]'').<ref>[https://www.nrk.no/nyheter/filmfotograf-harald-paalgard-er-dod-1.17214142 Filmfotograf Harald Paalgard er død] {{in lang|no}}</ref> *[[John Sykes]], 65, English guitarist ([[Tygers of Pan Tang]], [[Thin Lizzy]], [[Whitesnake]]), cancer.<ref>[https://blabbermouth.net/news/legendary-guitarist-john-sykes-dead-at-65 Legendary Guitarist John Sykes Dead At 65]</ref> (death announced on this date) ===19=== * [[Jan Mijnsbergen]], 86, Dutch politician.<ref>[https://www.parlement.com/id/vmk8iua0uan9/nieuws/oud_kamerlid_jan_mijnsbergen_pvda Oud-Kamerlid Jan Mijnsbergen (PvdA) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> * [[Mijndert Ververs]], 91, Dutch businessman.<ref>[https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2025/01/22/de-boodschappenjongen-die-met-wolters-kluwer-een-miljardenbedrijf-opbouwde-a4880529 De boodschappenjongen die met Wolters Kluwer een miljardenbedrijf opbouwde] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> ===18=== * [[Raymond Goossens]], 93, Belgian politician.<ref>[https://www.gva.be/cnt/dmf20250120_96850845 De man die eerste burgemeester werd van fusiegemeente Ranst: “Mon kon niet tegen conflicten”] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> * [[Jan Oudenaarden]], 81, Dutch writer, historian and columnist.<ref>[https://www.ad.nl/rotterdam/groot-feyenoord-fan-en-schrijver-jan-oudenaarden-81-overleden~aa32043e/ Groot Feyenoord-fan en schrijver Jan Oudenaarden (81) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Ze'ev Revach]], 84, Israeli actor (''[[Charlie Ve'hetzi]]'', ''[[Hagiga B'Snuker]]'', ''[[The Farewell Party]]'') and comedian.<ref>[https://www.ynet.co.il/entertainment/article/HyXjFEWYD זאב רווח, מגדולי שחקני ישראל, הלך לעולמו בגיל 84] {{in lang|he}}</ref> ===17=== *[[Denis Law]], 84, Scottish footballer ([[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], [[Huddersfield Town A.F.C.|Huddersfield Town]], [[Scotland national football team|national team]]), Alzheimer's disease.<ref>[https://sports.yahoo.com/denis-law-legendary-manchester-united-192908742.html Denis Law, legendary Manchester United and Scotland goalscorer, dies aged 84]</ref> *[[Russell Marshall]], 88, New Zealand politician, [[New Zealand Parliament|MP]] (1972–1990), minister of [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (New Zealand)|foreign affairs]] (1987–1990) and [[Minister of Education (New Zealand)|education]] (1984–1987).<ref>[https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/539385/former-minister-russell-marshall-dies-aged-88 Former minister Russell Marshall dies aged 88]</ref> ===16=== *[[David Lynch]], 78, American television and film director (''[[Twin Peaks]]'', ''[[Blue Velvet (movie)|Blue Velvet]]'', ''[[Mulholland Drive (movie)|Mulholland Drive]]''), visual artist and musician.<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/film/news/david-lynch-dead-director-blue-velvet-twin-peaks-1236276106/ David Lynch, Visionary Director of ‘Twin Peaks’ and ‘Blue Velvet,’ Dies at 78]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Joan Plowright|Dame Joan Plowright]], 95, English actress (''[[Enchanted April (1991 movie)|Enchanted April]]'', ''[[A Taste of Honey]]'', ''[[101 Dalmatians (1996 movie)|101 Dalmatians]]''), [[Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play|Tony]] winner ([[15th Tony Awards|1961]]).<ref>[https://variety.com/2025/film/global/joan-plowright-dead-acting-legend-laurence-olivier-widow-1236276923/ Joan Plowright, Acting Legend of Stage and Screen and Laurence Olivier’s Widow, Dies at 95]</ref> *[[Bob Uecker]], 90, American baseball player ([[St. Louis Cardinals]]), broadcaster ([[Milwaukee Brewers]]), and actor (''[[Mr. Belvedere]]''), lung cancer.<ref>[https://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/43439250/beloved-brewers-broadcaster-bob-uecker-dies-age-90 Beloved Brewers broadcaster Bob Uecker, 'Mr. Baseball,' dies at 90]</ref> *[[Shoji Ueda (cinematographer)|Shoji Ueda]], 87, Japanese cinematographer (''[[Ran (movie)|Ran]]'', ''[[Dreams (1990 movie)|Dreams]]'', ''[[After the Rain (movie)|After the Rain]]''), heart attack.<ref>[https://www.hokkaido-np.co.jp/article/1111788/ 上田正治さん死去　映画撮影監督] {{in lang|ja}}</ref> ===15=== *[[Anna Maria Ackermann]], 92, Italian actress (''[[Le inchieste del commissario Maigret]]'', ''[[The Skin (movie)|The Skin]]'', ''[['O Re]]'').<ref>[https://napoli.repubblica.it/cronaca/2025/01/15/news/anna_maria_ackermann_morta_attrice_eduardo-423941427/ Teatro, morta Anna Maria Ackermann: debuttò con Eduardo] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Christopher Benjamin (actor)|Christopher Benjamin]], 90, English actor (''[[Doctor Who]]'', ''[[Judge John Deed]]'', ''[[The Plague Dogs (movie)|The Plague Dogs]]'').<ref>[https://www.doctorwhonews.net/2025/01/christopher_benjamin_1934_2025.html#google_vignette Christopher Benjamin 1934–2025]</ref> *[[Diane Langton]], 77, English actress (''[[Hollyoaks]]'', ''[[Only Fools and Horses]]'', ''[[EastEnders]]'').<ref>[https://www.lbc.co.uk/news/only-fools-and-horses-star-soap-legend-diane-langton-dies-77/ Only Fools and Horses star and soap legend Diane Langton dies aged 77]</ref> *[[Melba Montgomery]], 86, American country singer ("[[No Charge]]", "[[Don't Let the Good Times Fool You (song)|Don't Let the Good Times Fool You]]", "[[Angel of the Morning]]") and songwriter.<ref>[https://tasteofcountry.com/melba-montgomery-dead-dies/ Legendary 'No Charge' Singer Melba Montgomery Dead at 86]</ref> *[[Willy Neven]], 76, Belgian politician, mayor of [[Halen]] (1983–1986; 1995–2012).<ref>[https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2025/01/16/ereburgemeester-van-halen-willy-neven-overleden-stad-opent-rouw/ Oud-burgemeester Willy Neven (76) van Halen overleden: "Strijder tegen wateroverlast" laat blijvende erfenis na] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Linda Nolan]], 65, Irish singer, actress and television personality ([[The Nolans]]), double pneumonia.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c1ezlgzj4vvo Singer Linda Nolan dies aged 65]</ref> *[[Rosny Smarth]], 84, Haitian politician, [[Prime Minister of Haiti|prime minister]] (1996–1997).<ref>[https://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article31331 Haïti : Décès de l’ancien premier ministre Rosny Smarth] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Jeannot Szwarc]], 85, French film director (''[[Jaws 2]]'', ''[[Supergirl (1984 movie)|Supergirl]]'', ''[[Santa Claus: The Movie]]'').<ref>[https://thedailyjaws.com/news/jaws-2-director-jeannot-szwarc-passes-away-aged-85 tor Jeannot Szwarc passes away aged 85]</ref> *[[Sarigama Viji]], 76, Indian actor (''[[Beluvalada Madilalli]]'', ''[[Mana Mecchida Sose]]'', ''[[Yamalokadalli Veerappan]]'').<ref>[https://www.oneindia.com/entertainment/kannada-actor-sarigama-vijay-passes-away-4042811.html Kannada Actor Sarigama Viji Passes Away At 76l]</ref> ===14=== *[[Marcel van den Dop]], 70, Dutch artist.<ref>[https://www.omroepwest.nl/nieuws/4926071/altijd-een-lach-en-grap-en-creativiteit-ten-top-kunstenaar-marcello-overleden 'Altijd een lach en grap en creativiteit ten top', kunstenaar Marcello overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Jack Kooistra]], 94, Dutch journalist and Nazi hunter.<ref>[https://nos.nl/artikel/2551765-jack-kooistra-94-overleden-man-die-schrik-van-roden-opspoorde Jack Kooistra (94) overleden, man die 'Schrik van Roden' opspoorde] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Tony Slattery]], 65, British actor (''[[The Crying Game]]'', ''[[Peter's Friends]]''), comedian and television personality (''[[Whose Line Is It Anyway? (British TV series)|Whose Line Is It Anyway?]]''), heart attack.<ref>[https://www.aol.co.uk/comedian-tony-slattery-dies-aged-140227095.html Comedian Tony Slattery dies aged 65 after heart attack]</ref> *[[Gerard van den Tweel]], 80, Dutch businessman, [[bile duct cancer]].<ref>[https://www.quotenet.nl/quote-500/in-memoriam/a63417983/in-memoriam-quote-500-lid-gerard-van-den-tweel-1944-2025/ In Memoriam: Quote 500-lid Gerard van den Tweel (1944-2025)] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> ===13=== *[[Jean Penders]], 85, Dutch politician, member of the [[European Parliament]] (1979–1994).<ref>[https://www.parlement.com/id/vmk2irjykogc/nieuws/oud_europarlementarier_jean_penders_cda Oud-Europarlementariër Jean Penders (CDA) overleden] {{in lang |nl}}</ref> ===12=== *[[Claude Jarman Jr.]], 90, American actor (''[[The Yearling]]'', ''[[Rio Grande (1950 movie)|Rio Grande]]'').<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/claude-jarman-dead-yearling-juvenile-oscar-1236107296/ Claude Jarman Jr., Young Star of ‘The Yearling,’ Dies at 90]</ref> *[[Kim Yaroshevskaya]], 101, Russian-born Canadian actress (''[[Fanfreluche]]'', ''[[Passe-Partout]]'', ''[[Home Fires (Canadian TV series)|Home Fires]]'').<ref>[https://www.lequotidien.com/arts/2025/01/12/la-comedienne-kim-yaroshevskaya-seteint-a-101-ans-2PBMB3SQ2VGJ7BUH2RKPME3TOY/ La comédienne Kim Yaroshevskaya s’éteint à 101 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> * [[Anton Vernooij]], 84, Dutch priest, composer and full professor.<ref>[https://www.aartsbisdom.nl/kerkmusicus-pastor-a-c-vernooij-overleden/ Kerkmusicus pastor A.C. Vernooij overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> ===11=== *[[Barbara Rylska]], 88, Polish actress.<ref>[https://kultura.onet.pl/film/nie-zyje-ikona-polskiego-kina-barbara-rylska-odeszla-w-wieku-89-lat/eh4sz6x Nie żyje ikona polskiego kina. Barbara Rylska odeszła w wieku 89 lat] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> ===10=== *[[Cees Bakker]], 85, Dutch politician.<ref>[https://www.hetkontakt.nl/alblasserwaard/nieuws/412124/kees-bakker-oud-burgemeester-van-giessenlanden-overleden Kees Bakker, oud-burgemeester van Giessenlanden, overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Yevgenia Dobrovolskaya]], 60, Russian actress (''[[Queen Margot (TV series)|Queen Margot]]'', ''[[The Irony of Fate 2]]'', ''[[Guys from Mars]]''), complications from cancer and heart failure.<ref>[https://www.rbc.ru/society/10/01/2025/678147e59a79472b64f7a234 Умерла Евгения Добровольская] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[Sam Moore]], 89, American [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] singer-songwriter ([[Sam & Dave]]), complications from surgery.<ref>[https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/sam-moore-sam-and-dave-soul-man-dead-obituary-1235140865/ Sam Moore, Soul Man Who Scored Hits With Sam and Dave, Dead at 89]</ref> *[[Theo Rongen]], 81, Dutch music director and politician, mayor of [[Thorn]] (1997-2011).<ref>[https://www.klankwijzer.nl/oud-bestuurder-theo-rongen-81-overleden/ Oud-bestuurder Theo Rongen (81) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Bram Van Paesschen]], 45, Belgian movie director (''[[Empire of Dust]]'').<ref>[https://www.bruzz.be/actua/samenleving/brusselse-documentairemaker-bram-van-paesschen-45-overleden-2025-01-12 Brusselse documentairemaker Bram Van Paesschen (45) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> ===9=== *[[Harlind Libbrecht]], 65, Belgian musician ([[Kadril]]) and academic.<ref>[https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2025/01/09/harlind-libbrecht-kluisbergen-gent-kadril-folk-muziek/ Harlind Libbrecht, muzikant en mede-oprichter van folk-rockgroep Kadril, overleden]</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Jorge Luis Sánchez]], 64, Cuban film director (''[[El Benny]]'', ''[[Buscando a Casal]]'').<ref>[https://www.granma.cu/cultura/2025-01-09/fallecio-el-cineasta-cubano-jorge-luis-sanchez-director-de-el-benny-09-01-2025-09-01-12 Falleció el cineasta cubano Jorge Luis Sánchez, director de El Benny] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Marc Michetz]], 73, Belgian comics artist.<ref>[https://www.stripspeciaalzaak.be/stripnieuws/marc-michetz-73-overleden Marc Michetz (73) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Otto Schenk]], 94, Austrian actor (''[[Dunja (movie)|Dunja]]'', ''[[Always Trouble with the Reverend]]''), film (''[[Die Fledermaus (1972 movie)|Die Fledermaus]]'') and theatre director.<ref>[https://orf.at/stories/3001001/ Otto Schenk ist tot] {{in lang|de}}</ref> ===8=== *[[Pritish Nandy]], 73, Indian poet, film producer (''[[Bollywood Calling]]'', ''[[The Mystic Masseur]]''), and politician, [[Rajya Sabha|MP]] (1998–2004), cardiac arrest.<ref>[https://odishabytes.com/poet-filmmaker-writer-pritish-nandy-dies-at-73-heartbroken-friend-anupam-kher-pays-rich-tribute/ Poet, Filmmaker, Writer Pritish Nandy Dies At 73; ‘Heartbroken’ Friend Anupam Kher Pays Rich Tribute]</ref> ===7=== *[[Jaap Dijkstra]], 81, Dutch politician.<ref>[https://publicatie-onlinerouwbericht.dpgmedia.nl/Images/a729e6ef-5ccb-c951-8b21-d52258c5380f.jpeg death announcement], ''[[de Stentor]]''</ref> *[[Jean-Marie Le Pen]], 96, French politician, [[National Assembly (France)|deputy]] (1956–1962, 1986–1988) and [[European Parliament|MEP]] (1984–2019), founder of [[National Rally|National Front]].<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jan/07/jean-marie-le-pen-french-far-right-leader-dies Jean-Marie Le Pen, French far-right leader, dies aged 96]</ref> *[[Mirosława Marcheluk]], 85, Polish actress (''[[Hero of the Year (movie)|Hero of the Year]]'', ''[[Magnat (movie)|Magnat]]'').<ref>[https://dzienniklodzki.pl/zmarla-miroslawa-marcheluk-znakomita-aktorka-przez-wiele-lat-zwiazana-z-lodzia/ar/c13-19026458 Zmarła Mirosława Marcheluk, znakomita aktorka przez wiele lat związana z Łodzią] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> *[[Walter Martos]], 67, Peruvian military officer and politician, [[Prime Minister of Peru|prime minister]] (2020) and [[Ministry of Defence (Peru)|minister of defence]] (2019–2020).<ref>[https://larepublica.pe/politica/2025/01/07/fallecio-walter-martos-ex-primer-ministro-del-gobierno-de-martin-vizcarra-a-los-67-anos-hnews-458318 Falleció Walter Martos, exministro del gobierno de Martín Vizcarra, a los 67 años] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Hans Prakke]], 75, Dutch journalist.<ref>[https://www.spreekbuis.nl/journalist-hans-prakke-overleden/ Journalist Hans Prakke (75) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Pim Vermeulen]], 77, Dutch politician.<ref>[https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2025/01/11/pim-vermeulen-onverschrokken-stadsvernieuwer-van-rotterdam-a4879250 Pim Vermeulen: onverschrokken stadsvernieuwer van Rotterdam] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Peter Yarrow]], 86, American singer ([[Peter, Paul and Mary]], "[[Leaving on a Jet Plane]]") and songwriter ("[[Puff, the Magic Dragon]]"), bladder cancer.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/music/2025/jan/07/peter-yarrow-of-folk-trio-peter-paul-and-mary-dies-aged-86 Peter Yarrow of folk trio Peter, Paul and Mary dies aged 86]</ref> ===6=== *[[Henny Eman]], 76, Aruban politician, [[Prime Minister of Aruba|prime minister]] (1986–1989, 1994–2001).<ref>[https://www.nd.nl/varia/varia/1252822/eerste-premier-van-aruba-henny-eman-76-overleden Eerste premier van Aruba Henny Eman (76) overleden] {{in lang|nl}} {{subscription}} </ref> ===5=== * [[René Bliki]], 98, Belgian resistance member, war volunteer and sport cyclist.<ref>[https://www.persinfo.org/nl/nieuws/artikel/oorlogsvrijwilliger-rene-bliki-overleden/61974 Oorlogsvrijwilliger René Bliki overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Bobby Matitahatiwen]], 65, Dutch futsal player ([[Netherlands national futsal team|national team]]).<ref>[https://www.onsoranje.nl/node/81845 Voormalig futsalinternational Bobby Matitahatiwen (65) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Prabir Mitra]], 83, Bangladeshi actor (''[[Titash Ekti Nadir Naam]]'', ''[[Boro Bhalo Lok Chhilo]]'', ''[[Buk Fatey To Mukh Foteyna]]'').<ref>[https://www.daily-sun.com/post/785405 Prabir Mitra passes away]</ref> * [[Henri Willy Pleket]], 94, Dutch historian, [[epigrapher]] and university professor.<ref>[https://www.nrc.nl/krant/2025/01/11/#428 death announcement], ''[[NRC Handelsblad]], 11 January 2025''</ref> *[[Costas Simitis]], 88, Greek politician, [[Prime Minister of Greece|prime minister]] (1996–2004), and [[Hellenic Parliament|MP]] (1985–2009).<ref>[https://www.barrons.com/news/former-greek-pm-costas-simitis-dies-aged-88-ea144ae0 Former Greek PM Costas Simitis Dies Aged 88]</ref> ===4=== *[[José Luis Beltrán]], 69, Spanish basketball player ([[CB Estudiantes]], [[Spain men's national basketball team|national team]]).<ref>[https://basquetplus.com/basquet-plus-acb-espana-jose-luis-beltran-el-patas-estudiantes-madrid-gran-canaria Murió el Patas Beltrán, primer argentino en jugar la liga española] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Jules D'Oultremont]], 77, Belgian politician, mayor of [[Houthalen-Helchteren]] (2001-2003).<ref>[https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/dmf20250104_94791512 Oud-burgemeester Jules D’Oultremont van Houthalen-Helchteren overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> (death announced on this date) *[[Emilio Echevarría]], 80, Mexican actor (''[[Amores perros]]'', ''[[Die Another Day]]'', ''[[The Alamo (2004 movie)|The Alamo]]'').<ref>[https://www.excelsior.com.mx/funcion/muere-emilio-echevarria-actor-interpreto-el-chivo-amores-perros/1692626 Muere Emilio Echevarría, querido actor que interpretó a "El Chivo" en "Amores Perros"] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Nicolaas Klei]], 63, Dutch wine critic.<ref>[https://nos.nl/artikel/2550749-wijnschrijver-nicolaas-klei-63-overleden-bekend-van-supermarktwijngids Wijnschrijver Nicolaas Klei (63) overleden, bekend van Supermarktwijngids] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Anjana Sultana]], 59, Bangladeshi actress (''[[Parineeta (1986 movie)|Parineeta]]'', ''[[Ashikkhito]]''), lung infection.<ref>[https://www.bd24live.com/actress-anjana-rahman-passes-away/ Actress Anjana Rahman Passes Away]</ref> ===3=== *[[Jeff Baena]], 47, American film director and screenwriter (''[[The Little Hours]]'', ''[[Horse Girl]]'', ''[[Spin Me Round]]''), suicide.<ref>[https://deadline.com/2025/01/jeff-baena-dead-47-independent-filmmaker-1236246487/ Indie Filmmaker Jeff Baena Has Passed Away At 47]</ref> *[[André De Maerteleire]], 80, Belgian cyclist.<ref>[https://www.wielerkrant.be/nieuws/2025-01-05/belgische-wielerwereld-opnieuw-in-rouw-oud-wielrenner-andre-de-maerteleire-overleden-op-80-jarige-leeftijd Belgische wielerwereld opnieuw in rouw: oud-wielrenner André De Maerteleire overleden op 80-jarige leeftijd] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Shigemi Fukahori]], 93, Japanese peace activist.<ref>[https://edition.cnn.com/2025/01/05/asia/shigemi-fukahori-nagasaki-bomb-survivor-dead-intl-hnk/index.html Shigemi Fukahori, who survived Nagasaki bombing and spent his life advocating for peace, dies at 93]</ref> *[[Guus Luijters]], 81, Dutch writer and journalist.<ref>[https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2025/01/03/guus-luijters-gaf-bijna-20000-gedeporteerde-en-vermoorde-kinderen-een-gezicht-a4878485 Guus Luijters gaf bijna 20.000 gedeporteerde en vermoorde kinderen een gezicht] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Mauro Morandi]], 89, Italian island hermit ([[Budelli]]).<ref>[https://www.giornaledellavela.com/2025/01/06/farewell-to-mauro-morandi-the-hermit-guardian-of-the-island-of-budelli/?lang=en Farewell to Mauro Morandi, the hermit “guardian” of the island of Budelli]</ref> *[[Jos Plas]], 94, Belgian cyclist.<ref>[https://www.ringtv.be/sport/ex-profwielrenner-jos-plas-94-uit-dilbeek-overleden Ex-profwielrenner Jos Plas (94) uit Dilbeek overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Tariana Turia|Dame Tariana Turia]], 80, New Zealand politician, [[New Zealand Parliament|MP]] (1996–2014) and [[minister for the Community and Voluntary Sector]] (2003–2004, 2008–2011), stroke.<ref>[https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/politics/te-pati-maori-co-founder-dame-tariana-turia-dies/XXDWZXIRAJE5ZEBGONKUQBHLKY/ Te Pāti Māori co-founder Dame Tariana Turia dies]</ref> *[[Brenton Wood]], 83, American singer ("[[The Oogum Boogum Song]]", "[[Gimme Little Sign]]").<ref>[https://www.tmz.com/2025/01/03/brenton-wood-dead-singer-oogum-boogum/ 'Oogum Boogum' Singer Brenton Wood Dead at 83]</ref> ===2=== *[[Jytte Abildstrøm]], 90, Danish actress (''[[Helle for Helene]]'', ''[[Don Olsen kommer til byen]]'', ''[[The Adventures of Picasso]]''), kidney disease.<ref>[https://underholdning.tv2.dk/kendte/2025-01-02-jytte-abildstroem-er-doed Jytte Abildstrøm er død] {{in lang|da}}</ref> *[[Pieter Hofstra]], 78, Dutch politician, [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|MP]] (1994-2006) and [[Senate (Netherlands)|Senator]] (2007-2011).<ref>[https://www.rtvnoord.nl/politiek/1254381/gronings-vvd-kamerlid-pieter-hofstra-78-overleden Gronings VVD-Kamerlid Pieter Hofstra (78) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> ===1=== *[[Meine Breemhaar]], 64, Dutch businessman and sports official, president of [[PEC Zwolle]] (2020-2025).<ref>[https://www.omroepflevoland.nl/nieuws/410378/meine-breemhaar-64-overleden-succesvol-vastgoedondernemer-en-sponsor-pec-zwolle Meine Breemhaar (64) overleden, succesvol vastgoedondernemer en sponsor PEC Zwolle] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Leo Dan]], 82, Argentine singer, composer and actor (''[[Story of a Poor Young Man (1968 movie)|Story of a Poor Young Man]]'', ''[[Cómo te extraño]]'').<ref>[https://caracol.com.co/2025/01/01/fallecio-leo-dan-cantante-y-compositor-argentino-a-sus-82-anos/ Luto en la música: Falleció Leo Dan, cantante y compositor argentino, a sus 82 años] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Nora Orlandi]], 91, Italian musician and film composer (''[[The Strange Vice of Mrs. Wardh]]'', ''[[Johnny Yuma (movie)|Johnny Yuma]]'', ''[[Clint the Stranger]]'').<ref>[https://www.spettakolo.it/2025/01/01/addio-a-nora-orlandi-aveva-91-anni/ Addio a Nora Orlandi, aveva 91 anni] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Wayne Osmond]], 73, American singer ([[The Osmonds]]) and songwriter ("[[Crazy Horses]]", "[[Let Me In (The Osmonds song)|Let Me In]]"), stroke.<ref>[https://kslnewsradio.com/2168326/wayne-osmond-dies-at-73-years-old/ Wayne Osmond dies at 73]</ref> *[[Vittorio Pomilio]], 93, Italian basketball player ([[Stella Azzurra Roma]], [[Italy men's national basketball team|national team]]).<ref>[https://www.rainews.it/tgr/abruzzo/articoli/2025/01/addio-a-vittorio-pomilio-francavilla-al-mare-chieti-abruzzo-basket-91f4a972-34e3-4854-b708-ea04ae0c6e4c.html Addio a Vittorio Pomilio] {{in lang|it}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *[https://www.theguardian.com/tone/obituaries ''The Guardian'' (UK) obituaries] *[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/ ''The Telegraph'' (UK) obituaries] *[http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/obituaries/ Obituaries, ''Chicago Tribune''] *[https://latimes.com/news/obituaries/ Obituaries, ''Los Angeles Times''] *[https://www.nytimes.com/pages/obituaries/index.html ''The New York Times'', obituaries] *[https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/obituaries/ ''The Washington Post'' obituaries] *[http://www.smh.com.au/obituaries ''The Sydney Morning Herald'' (Australia) obituaries] {{s-start}} {{s-bef|before=[[Deaths in 2024]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Deaths by year}} {{s-aft|after=[[Deaths in 2026]]}} {{s-end}} {{Deaths by month and year}} [[Category:2025 deaths|2025 deaths]] no3m0oy8219gbb8shw03cuf3bw40xy8 0 1141221 10368244 9954121 2025-07-02T20:44:13Z 2601:402:4400:3A90:E50A:82AF:3CA2:33DE +[[Category:Medalists at the 2020 Summer Olympics]]; +[[Category:Competitors at the 2012 Summer Olympics]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10368244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{use mdy dates|date=October 2024}} {{Use American English|date=October 2024}} {{Infobox sportsperson | name = Adrienne Lyle | image = | caption = | nationality = [[United States|American]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1985|1|2}} | birth_place = [[Coupeville, Washington]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | medaltemplates = {{MedalSport | [[equestrianism|Equestrian]] }} {{MedalCountry | the {{USA}} }} {{MedalOlympics}} [[File:Olympic rings.svg|center|80px]] {{MedalSilver | [[2020 Summer Olympics|2020 Tokyo]] | [[Equestrian at the 2020 Summer Olympics|Team dressage]] }} {{MedalCompetition | [[Dressage World Championship|World Championships]] }} {{MedalSilver | [[2018 FEI World Equestrian Games|2018 Tryon]] | Team dressage }} | show-medals = yes }} '''Adrienne Lyle''' (born January 2, 1985) is an American Olympic [[dressage]] rider.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Adrienne Lyle|url=http://www.fei.org/bios/Person/10015662/LYLE_Adrienne|publisher=fei.org|accessdate=20 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Adrienne Lyle|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ly/adrienne-lyle-1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418061108/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ly/adrienne-lyle-1.html|archive-date=18 April 2020|publisher=Sports Reference|accessdate=13 February 2016}}</ref> She was in the [[2012 Summer Olympics]] in [[London]]. She was 37th place. She was also in the [[2020 Summer Olympics]] in [[Tokyo]]. She was won a [[silver medal]] there. After being in the Grand Prix Freestyle at the 2020 Olympics, she went out from the competition. This was because she was worried about her horse named [[Salvino (horse)|Salvino]].<ref name="wd">{{Cite web|last=Bryan|first=Polly|date=2021-07-28|title=‘I love this horse more than words can describe’: Tokyo Olympic silver medallist out of individual freestyle|url=https://www.horseandhound.co.uk/news/adrienne-lyle-olympic-freestyle-755287|access-date=2021-07-29|website=Horse & Hound|language=en}}</ref> == Career == In 2014, Lyle was picked to be at the [[2014 FEI World Equestrian Games]] in [[Normandy]]. The United States was fourth place in team dressage. She was also at the [[2018 FEI World Equestrian Games]]. She was part of the American team which placed second in the team event, earning the silver medal in the team event.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Adrienne Lyle|url=https://www.usef.org/team-usa/athletes/adrienne_lyle|access-date=2024-10-09|website=US Equestrian}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == * {{Sports links}} * [https://www.usef.org/team-usa/athletes/adrienne_lyle Adrienne Lyle] at US Equestrian {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lyle, Adrienne}} [[Category:1985 births]] [[Category:American equestrians]] [[Category:Dressage riders]] [[Category:Olympic silver medalists for the United States]] [[Category:Sportspeople from Washington (state)]] [[Category:Olympic equestrians for the United States]] [[Category:Medalists at the 2020 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Competitors at the 2012 Summer Olympics]] {{sports-bio-stub}} 4uro8pbp9dj4mtuzgd0ck6bsrzdf44i 0 1141723 10368033 10136709 2025-07-02T18:14:55Z Davey2010 314522 /* Bodyworks */ ce 10368033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}} {{Use British English|date=November 2017}} {{Infobox UK Bus |name = Dennis Javelin |image = Safeguard Coaches S503 UAK.JPG |caption = [[Safeguard Coaches]] Dennis Javelin with [[Plaxton Premiere]] bodywork in January 2009 |manufacturer = [[Dennis Specialist Vehicles|Dennis]]<br>[[Alexander Dennis]] |production = 1986-2010 |factory = [[Guildford]] |length = {{cvt|8.5|m|ftin|frac=8}}<br>{{cvt|10|m|ftin|frac=8}}<br>{{cvt|11|m|ftin|frac=8}}<br>{{cvt|12|m|ftin|frac=8}} |width = |height = |weight = |floortype = Step entrance |doors = 1 |engine = [[Cummins C Series engine|Cummins C series]]<br>[[Cummins B Series engine|Cummins ISBe]] |capacity = |powerout = |transmission = [[ZF Friedrichshafen|ZF]] |predecessor = [[Dennis Lancet]] |successor = }} The '''Dennis Javelin'''{{efn|(later called the '''Alexander Dennis Javelin''')}} was a [[chassis]] of a [[Coach (bus)|coach]]. It was made from 1986 to 2010. It was made by [[Dennis Specialist Vehicles|Dennis]] and then [[Alexander Dennis]]. It replaced the [[Bedford Y series]].<ref>[https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/17th-september-1987/58/low-flying-javelin Low flying Javelin] ''[[Commercial Motor]]'' 17 September 1981 pages 58-61</ref><ref>[http://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/24th-march-1988/17/javelin-bus-breaks-out Javelin bus breaks out] ''Commercial Motor'' 24 March 1988</ref> 2,000 Javelins were made, 500 were ordered by the [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Britain's Buses|date=2021|publisher=[[Key Publishing]]|isbn=978 1 802820 096|volume=6|page=19}}</ref> == Bodyworks == <bdi>The Javelin [[chassis]] was built on the following [[Coachwork|bodyworks]]:</bdi> * <bdi>[[Berkhof Axial]] bodywork</bdi><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/British_Independent_Buses_in_the_2000s/aebRDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Dennis+Javelin+Berkhof+Axial&pg=PA2005&printsec=frontcover|title=British Independent Buses in the 2000s|last=Stubbings|first=Richard|date=15 February 2020|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-4456-8620-2|language=en|access-date=26 November 2024}}</ref> * <bdi>[[Berkhof Axial 50]] bodywork</bdi> * <bdi>[[Berkhof Excellence]] bodywork</bdi><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Scottish_Citylink_Coaches/uf-3DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Dennis+Javelin+Berkhof+Excellence&pg=PT143&printsec=frontcover|title=Scottish Citylink Coaches|last=Devoy|first=David|date=15 October 2019|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-4456-9148-0|language=en|access-date=26 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Northampton_Buses_and_Coaches/mSkFEQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Dennis+Javelin+Berkhof+Excellence&pg=PT169&printsec=frontcover|title=Northampton Buses and Coaches: The 1990s and 2000s|last=Cooper|first=Matt|date=15 May 2024|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-3981-1587-3|language=en|access-date=26 November 2024}}</ref> * <bdi>[[Caetano Algarve]] bodywork</bdi><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Northampton_Buses_and_Coaches/mSkFEQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Dennis+Javelin+Caetano+Algarve&pg=PT64&printsec=frontcover|title=Northampton Buses and Coaches: The 1990s and 2000s|last=Cooper|first=Matt|date=15 May 2024|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-3981-1587-3|language=en|access-date=26 November 2024}}</ref> * <bdi>[[Caetano Cutlass]] bodywork</bdi><ref>{{Citation|last=Day|first=Stephen|title=Ashalls of Manchester N602CVP Dennis Javelin Caetano Cutlass new to MOD. Sep05|date=1 January 2011|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/tcd481j/46761241244/|access-date=26 November 2024|access-date=26 November 2024}}</ref><!-- http://web.archive.org/web/20241126211018/https://live.staticflickr.com/7913/46761241244_dc4e6be1cb_z.jpg --><ref>{{Citation|last=Zak Nelson|title=Norse 7105 - V668 FPO|date=13 June 2013|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/busesandcoaches/9036681354|access-date=26 November 2024|access-date=26 November 2024}}</ref><!-- http://web.archive.org/web/20241126211302/https://live.staticflickr.com/7437/9036681354_6148c85ff7_c.jpg --> * <bdi>[[Caetano Enigma]] bodywork</bdi><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Coach_Styles_1950s_1990s/Ux_bEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Dennis+Javelin+Caetano+Enigma&pg=RA1-PT100&printsec=frontcover|title=Coach Styles 1950s–1990s|last=Machin|first=Tim|date=15 October 2023|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-3981-0851-6|language=en|access-date=26 November 2024}}</ref> * [[Caetano Porto F|<bdi>Caetano Porto</bdi> F]] <bdi>bodywork</bdi><ref>{{Cite web|title=Caetano|url=https://cbwmagazine.com/coaching-rarity-in-the-uk/caetano/|access-date=26 November 2024|website=CBW|language=en-GB|quote=Caetano sold the Algarve and Optimo in large numbers during the 1990s, but one model that didn’t take off was the Porto. It was designed as a budget version of the Algarve for use on express and service work. Unlike the Levante, it didn’t take off and very few entered service in the UK market. Based on a Dennis Javelin chassis, P168ANR is seen at Didcot services whilst working for the MOD in 2009|access-date=26 November 2024}}</ref> * <bdi>[[Plaxton Excalibur]] bodywork</bdi><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Coach_Styles_1950s_1990s/Ux_bEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=plaxton+excalibur+dennis+javelin&pg=RA1-PT107&printsec=frontcover|title=Coach Styles 1950s–1990s|last=Machin|first=Tim|date=15 October 2023|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-3981-0851-6|language=en|access-date=26 November 2024}}</ref> * <bdi>[[Plaxton Paramount]] bodywork</bdi><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Scottish_Buses_During_Deregulation_Anoth/ucGbDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Dennis+Javelin+Plaxton+Paramount&pg=PT113&printsec=frontcover|title=Scottish Buses During Deregulation: Another View|last=Barclay|first=Kenny|date=15 June 2019|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-4456-8743-8|language=en|access-date=26 November 2024}}</ref> * <bdi>[[Plaxton Premiere]] bodywork</bdi><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Coach_Styles_1950s_1990s/Ux_bEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Dennis+Javelin+Plaxton+Excalibur&pg=RA1-PT107&printsec=frontcover|title=Coach Styles 1950s–1990s|last=Machin|first=Tim|date=15 October 2023|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-3981-0851-6|language=en|access-date=26 November 2024}}</ref> * <bdi>[[Plaxton Profile]] bodywork</bdi><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Buses_on_the_Western_Isles/pFcuEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Dennis+Javelin+Plaxton+Profile&pg=PT155&printsec=frontcover|title=Buses on the Western Isles|last=Walter|first=Richard|date=15 May 2021|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-3981-0455-6|language=en|access-date=26 November 2024}}</ref> * <bdi>[[UVG UniStar]] bodywork</bdi><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/120_Years_of_Dennis_Buses/JvDUEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Dennis+Javelin+UVG+UniStar&pg=PA1994-IA23&printsec=frontcover|title=120 Years of Dennis Buses|last=Jenkinson|first=Keith A.|date=15 September 2023|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-4456-6655-6|language=en|access-date=26 November 2024}}</ref> ==Exports== In 1996, Australian operator [[Busabout Wagga Wagga|Fearne's Coaches]] ordered four Javelins with [[MotorCoach Australia]] bodywork.<ref>[http://fleetlists.busaustralia.com/nsw.php?search=FEA Fearne's Investments] Australian Bus Fleet Lists</ref> From 1999 to 2005, New Zealand operator [[Ritchies Coachlines]] ordered nine Javelins with [[Designline]] bodywork and [[Kiwi Bus Builders]] bodywork.<ref>[http://fleetlists.busaustralia.com/nz.php?search=RIT Ritchie's Transport Holdings] Australian Bus Fleet Lists</ref> ==Notes== {{Notelist}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category-inline}} *[https://www.flickr.com/groups/1884376@N22/ Flickr gallery] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120222044158/http://www.alexander-dennis.com/product-details.php?s=82&subs=46&tableID=223&itemID=1 Product description] [[Alexander Dennis]] {{Alexander Dennis}} {{Dennis}} [[Category:Dennis buses|Javelin]] [[Category:Coaches (bus)]] o7vb83u7h6jnda1rt7oii2gc1yuddr4 0 1143137 10368685 9835093 2025-07-03T02:02:23Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Geography */ typo: duplication 10368685 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox mountain range |name = Paramillo Massif |photo = |photo_alt = |photo_caption = |country = {{COL}} |region = [[Antioquia Department|Antioquia]], [[Córdoba Department|Córdoba]] |highest = Cerro Paramillo<ref>{{cite web |url=http://peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=8351 |title=Cerro Paramillo - Peakbagger |accessdate=27 December 2016}}</ref> |elevation_m = 3730 |coordinates = {{coord|07|06|09|N|75|58|09|W|type:mountain_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |length_km = |width_km = |area_km2 = |length_orientation = |width_orientation = |length_note = |width_note = |area_note = |range = [[Cordillera Occidental (Colombia)|Cordillera Occidental (West Andes)]] |map = Colombia }} The '''Paramillo Massif''' (''Nudo de Paramillo'') is a group of mountains in the [[Andes]] mountain range. They are in the northern end of the [[Cordillera Occidental (Colombia)|Cordillera Occidental (West Andes)]] mountains in [[Colombia]]. ==Geography== The Paramillo Massif is in [[Ituango]] and [[Peque, Colombia|Peque]] in [[Antioquia Department]] and in [[Puerto Libertador]] and [[Tierralta]] in Córdoba Department. The places around the [[massif]] are [[Chigorodó]], [[Mutatá]], [[Tarazá]], [[Cáceres, Antioquia|Cáceres]], and [[Caucasia, Antioquia|Caucasia]] in Antioquia. People can see other big mountains from the massif. These mountains are in the [[Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta|Sierra Nevada]], and [[Pico Simón Bolívar]] 5,700 m (18,700 ft) is one of them. Pico Simón Bolívar is about 500 km (310 mi) away. This could be the longest distance people can seen between any two places on the surface of the Earth.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.viewfinderpanoramas.org/panoramas.html#longlines|title=Panoramas|website=www.viewfinderpanoramas.org|access-date=8 April 2018}}</ref> ===Subranges=== There are three smaller groups of mountains in this group: *The Abibe Mountains (''Serranía de Abibe'') act like a wall between the [[Antioquia Department]] and [[Córdoba Department]]. *The San Jerónimo Mountains (''Serranía de San Jerónimo'') are between the [[watershed|places where water flows into]] the [[San Jorge River]] or into the [[Sinú River]]. *The Ayapel Mountains (''Serranía de Ayapel'') are between the places where water flows into the San Jorge River or [[Cauca River|Cauca]] Rivers. They also act like a wall between Antioquia and Córdoba Departments. ===Paramillo Natural National Park=== Most of the massif is inside '''Paramillo Natural National Park'''. The park is from the massif to the lowlands of the Caribbean Plain. The park has [[Tropical Andes]] [[ecosystem|places for living things to live]], for example [[páramo]] grasslands and [[Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests|mountain forests]]. This is one of two places where the bird [[Paramillo tapaculo|Paramillo tapaculo (''Scytalopus canus'')]] lives.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22736477/0 |title=Scytalopus canus - IUCN Red List of Endangered Species|accessdate=27 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22736477 |title=Paramillo Tapaculo - BirdLife Factsheet |accessdate=27 December 2016}}</ref> The [[Spectacled bear|spectacled bear (''Tremarctos ornatus'')]] lives in the massif.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22066/0 |title=Tremarctos ornatus - IUCN Red List of Endangered Species |accessdate=27 December 2016 }}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Mountain ranges]] [[Category:Colombia]] {{geography-stub}} juna098ho8u05nzdhm0uf2dlu7yvl91 0 1143141 10368356 10315342 2025-07-02T22:17:19Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* November */ Grammar: doubled redundant "the" displayed next to each other 10368356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox international football competition | tourney_name = 1939 in association football | prevseason = [[1938 in association football|1938]] | nextseason = [[1940 in association football|1940]] }} The following are the '''football (soccer)''' events of the year '''1939''' around the world. ==Events== ===September=== *September 1: **The [[World War II|Second World War]] officially starts. **The [[1939 Ekstraklasa]] season is cancelled. This is due to the [[Invasion of Poland (1939)|German & Soviet invasion of Poland]] *September 2: The [[1939–40 Football League]] season is suspended. It would not return until [[1946–47 Football League|1946]]. ===November=== *Unknown: [[The Arsenal Stadium Mystery]] is released. It is one of the first movies where [[Association football|football]] is a major part of the plot. ==Tournament Winners== ===International=== {| class=wikitable style="font-size:small" |- ! Tournament ! Confederation ! Host Country(s) ! Winner ! Runner-Up ! Finals Stadium |- | [[1938–39 British Home Championship]] || [[Home Nations]] || {{flag|United Kingdom}} ||colspan=2|{{fb|ENG}}, {{fb|WAL|1807}}, and {{fb|SCO}} || - |- | [[1939 South American Championship]] || [[CONMEBOL]] || {{flag|Peru|1884}} || {{fb|PER|1884}} || {{fb|URU}} || - |} ===Continental=== {| class=wikitable style="font-size:small" |- ! Tournament ! Continent ! Previous Winner ! Winner ! Runner-Up ! Finals Stadium |- | [[1939 Mitropa Cup]] || [[Europe]] || {{flagicon|TCH}}[[SK Slavia Prague|Slavia Prague]] ([[1938 Mitropa Cup|1938]]) || {{flagicon|HUN|1920}}[[Újpest FC|Újpest]] || {{flagicon|HUN|1920}} [[Ferencvárosi TC|Ferencváros]] || 2-legged final |- | [[1939 Copa Aldao]] || [[South America]] || {{flagicon|ARG}}[[Club Atlético Independiente|Independiente]] ([[1938 Copa Aldao|1938]]) || {{flagicon|ARG}}[[Club Atlético Independiente|Independiente]] || {{flagicon|URU}}[[Club Nacional de Football|Nacional]] || [[Estadio Gasómetro|San Lorenzo de Almagro]], {{flag|Argentina}} |} ===Europe=== {| class=wikitable style="font-size:small" |- !Nation !League !Champion !Cup !Winner !Runner-Up |- |{{flag|Belgium}} |[[1938–39 Belgian First Division]] |[[K. Beerschot V.A.C.|Beerschot]] |colspan=3|No Cup |- |{{flag|Bulgaria}} |[[1938–39 Bulgarian National Football Division]] |[[PFC Slavia Sofia|Slavia Sofia]] |[[1939 Bulgarian Cup]] |[[FC Shipka Sofia|Shipka Sofia]] |[[FC Dunav Ruse|Levski Ruse]] |- |{{flag|Czechoslovakia}} |[[1938–39 Czechoslovak First League]] |[[AC Sparta Prague|Sparta Prague]] |colspan=3|No Cup |- |{{flag|Cyprus|colonial}} |[[1938–39 Cypriot First Division]] |[[APOEL FC|APOEL]] |[[1938–39 Cypriot Cup]] |[[AEL Limassol|AEL]] |[[APOEL FC|APOEL]] |- |{{flag|Denmark}} |[[1938–39 Danish Championship League]] |[[Boldklubben af 1893]] |colspan=3|No Cup |- |{{flag|England}} |[[1938–39 Football League First Division]] |[[Everton F.C.|Everton]] |[[1938–39 FA Cup]] |[[Portsmouth F.C.|Portsmouth]] |[[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] |- |{{flag|Estonia}} |[[1938–39 Estonian Football Championship]] |[[JS Estonia Tallinn]] |[[1939 Estonian Cup]] |[[Tallinna JK|Tallinna Jalgpalliklubi]] |[[JK Tallinna Kalev|ESS Kalev Tallinn]] |- |{{flag|Finland}} |[[1939 Mestaruussarja]] |[[Turun Palloseura|TPS Turku]] |colspan=3|No Cup |- |{{flag|France|1830}} |[[1938–39 French Division 1]] |[[FC Sète 34|FC Sète]] |[[1938–39 Coupe de France]] |[[Racing Club de France Football|RC Paris]] |[[Olympique Lillois]] |- |rowspan=2|{{flag|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}} |[[1938–39 Gauliga]] |18 Teams |rowspan=2|[[1939 Tschammerpokal]] |rowspan=2|[[1. FC Nürnberg]] |rowspan=2|[[SV Waldhof Mannheim|Waldhof Mannheim]] |- |[[1939 German football championship]] |[[FC Schalke 04|Schalke 04]] |- |{{flag|Greece|old}} |[[1938–39 Panhellenic Championship]] |[[AEK Athens F.C.|AEK Athens]] |colspan=3|No Cup |- |{{flag|Hungary|1920}} |[[1938–39 Nemzeti Bajnokság I]] |[[Újpest FC]] |colspan=3|No Cup |- |{{flag|Iceland|1918}} |[[1939 Úrvalsdeild]] |[[Knattspyrnufélagið Fram]] |colspan=3|No Cup |- |{{flag|Italy|1861}} |[[1938–39 Serie A]] |[[Bologna FC 1909|Bologna]] |[[1938–39 Coppa Italia]] |[[Inter Milan|Ambrosiana-Inter]] |[[Novara FC]] |- |{{flag|Latvia}} |[[1939 Latvian Top League]] |[[Olimpia Liepaja]] |[[1939 Latvian Football Cup]] |[[RFK Riga|RFK]] |[[Olimpia Liepaja]] |- |{{flag|Lithuania}} |[[1938–39 LFF Lyga]] |[[LGSF Kaunas]] |colspan=3|No Cup |- |{{flag|Luxembourg}} |[[1938–39 Luxembourg National Division]] |[[Stade Dudelange]] |[[1938–39 Luxembourg Cup]] |[[US Dudelange]] |[[Stade Dudelange]] |- |{{flag|Malta|1923}} |[[1938–39 Maltese Premier League]] |[[Sliema Wanderers F.C.|Sliema Wanderers]] |[[1938–39 Maltese FA Trophy]] |[[Melita F.C.|Melita]] |[[Sliema Wanderers F.C.|Sliema Wanderers]] |- |{{flag|Netherlands}} |[[1938–39 Netherlands Football League Championship]] |[[AFC Ajax|Ajax]] |[[1938–39 KNVB Cup]] |[[FC Wageningen]] |[[PSV Eindhoven]] |- |{{flag|Northern Ireland}} |[[1938–39 Irish League]] |[[Belfast Celtic F.C.|Belfast Celtic]] |[[1938–39 Irish Cup]] |[[Linfield F.C.|Linfield]] |[[Ballymena United F.C.|Ballymena United]] |- |{{flag|Norway}} |[[1938–39 League of Norway]] |[[Fredrikstad FK|Fredrikstad]] |[[1939 Norwegian Football Cup]] |[[Sarpsborg FK|Sarpsborg]] |[[Skeid Fotball|Skeid]] |- |{{flag|Poland|1928}} |[[1939 Ekstraklasa]] |Abandoned due to [[World War II]] |colspan=3|No Cup |- |{{flag|Portugal}} |[[1938–39 Primeira Divisão]] |[[FC Porto]] |[[1938–39 Taça de Portugal]] |[[Académica de Coimbra (football)|Académica]] |[[S.L. Benfica|Benfica]] |- |{{flag|Republic of Ireland}} |[[1938–39 League of Ireland]] |[[Shamrock Rovers F.C.|Shamrock Rovers]] |[[1938–39 FAI Cup]] |[[Shelbourne F.C.|Shelbourne]] |[[Sligo Rovers F.C.|Sligo Rovers]] |- |{{flag|Romania|1866}} |[[1938–39 Divizia A]] |[[FC Venus București|Venus București]] |[[1938–39 Cupa României]] |[[FC Rapid București|Rapid București]] |[[FC Sportul Studențesc București|Sportul Studențesc București]] |- |{{flag|Scotland}} |[[1938–39 Scottish Division One]] |[[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] |[[1938–39 Scottish Cup]] |[[Clyde F.C.|Clyde]] |[[Motherwell F.C.|Motherwell]] |- |{{flag|Soviet Union}} |[[1939 Soviet Top League]] |{{flagicon|RSFSR|1937}}[[FC Spartak Moscow|Spartak Moscow]] |[[1939 Soviet Cup]] |{{flagicon|RSFSR|1937}}[[FC Spartak Moscow|Spartak Moscow]] |{{flagicon|RSFSR|1937}}[[FC Zenit Saint Petersburg|Stalinets Leningrad]] |- |{{flag|Sweden}} |[[1938–39 Allsvenskan]] |[[IF Elfsborg]] |colspan=3|No Cup |- |{{flag|Switzerland}} |[[1938–39 Nationalliga]] |[[Grasshopper Club Zurich]] |[[1938–39 Swiss Cup]] |[[FC Lausanne-Sport|Lausanne-Sport]] |[[FC Nordstern Basel]] |- |rowspan=2| {{flag|Turkey}} |[[1938–39 Istanbul Football League]]<br>1938–39 Çukurova Football League<br>1938–39 Eskişehir Football League |[[Beşiktaş J.K.|Beşiktaş]]<br>Adana İdman Yurdu<br>[[Eskişehir Demirspor]] |rowspan=2|[[1938–39 Istanbul Shield]] |rowspan=2|[[Fenerbahçe S.K.|Fenerbahçe]] |rowspan=2|[[Hilal S.K.|Hilal]] |- |[[1939 Turkish National Division]] |[[Galatasaray S.K.|Galatasaray]] |- |{{flag|Kingdom of Yugoslavia|name=Yugoslavia}} |[[1938–39 Yugoslav Football Championship]] |[[OFK Beograd|BSK Belgrade]] |[[1939 Yugoslav Cup]] |[[SK Jugoslavija]] |[[FK Slavija Sarajevo|Slavija Sarajevo]] |- |{{flag|Wales|1807}} |colspan=2|No League |[[1938–39 Welsh Cup]] |{{flagicon|ENG}}[[South Liverpool F.C.|South Liverpool]] |[[Cardiff City F.C.|Cardiff City]] |} ===North America=== {| class=wikitable style="font-size:small" |- !Nation !League !Champion !Cup !Winner !Runner-Up |- | {{fb|Costa Rica}} || [[1939 Primera División de Costa Rica]] || [[Liga Deportiva Alajuelense|Alajuelense]] ||colspan=3 style="text-align:center;"| No Cup |- | {{fb|Cuba}} || 1939 Campeonato Nacional de Fútbol de Cuba || [[Deportivo Centro Gallego]] ||colspan=3 style="text-align:center;"| No Cup |- | {{fb|Canada|1921|name=Dominion of Canada}} || 1939 Canadian National Soccer League || Montréal Royal Victoria Hospital ||colspan=3 style="text-align:center;"| No Cup |- | {{fb|Haiti|1859}} || [[1939 Ligue Haïtienne]] || [[Violette AC]] || [[1938–39 Coupe Vincent]] || [[Violette AC]] ||style="text-align:center;"| Unknown |- | {{fb|Guatemala}} || 1939 Liga Capitalina || [[Tipografía Nacional]] ||colspan=3 style="text-align:center;"| No Cup |- | {{fb|El Salvador}} || 1939 Central Zone || [[España F.C.|Club Deportivo 33]] ||colspan=3 style="text-align:center;"| No Cup |- | {{fb|Mexico|1934}} || [[1938–39 Primera Fuerza season|1938–39 Primera Fuerza]] || [[Asturias F.C.|Asturias]] || [[1938–39 Copa Mexico]] || [[Asturias F.C.|Asturias]] || [[Real Club España|Club España]] |- | {{fb|United States|1912}} || [[1938–39 American Soccer League]] || [[Kearny Scots|Scots-Americans]] (Metropolitan Division)<br>[[Lusitania Recreation]] (New England Division) || [[1939 National Challenge Cup]] || [[Brooklyn Celtic|Brooklyn St. Mary's Celtic]] || [[Manhattan Brewing Company of Chicago|Manhattan Beer (IL)]] |} ===South America=== {| class=wikitable style="font-size:small" |- !Nation !League !Champion !Cup !Winner !Runner-Up |- |{{fb|ARG}} || [[1939 Argentine Primera División]] || [[Club Atlético Independiente|Independiente]] || [[1939 Copa Ibarguren]] || [[Club Atlético Independiente|Independiente]] || [[Central Córdoba de Rosario|Central Córdoba]] |- |{{fb|BOL}} || [[1939 Primera División de la L.P.F.A.]] || [[Club Bolívar|Bolívar]] ||colspan=3|No Cup |- |{{fb|BRA|1889}} || [[1939 in Brazilian football|1939 State championships]] || 19 winners ||colspan=3|No National Cup |- |{{fb|CHI}} || [[1939 Primera División de Chile]] || [[Colo-Colo]] ||colspan=3|No Cup |- |{{fb|PAR|1842}} || [[1939 Paraguayan Primera División season|1939 Paraguayan Primera División]] || [[Cerro Porteño]] ||colspan=3|No Cup |- |{{fb|Peru}} || [[1939 Peruvian Primera División]] || [[Club Universitario de Deportes|Universitario]] ||colspan=3|No Cup |- |{{fb|URU}} || [[1939 Uruguayan Primera División]] || [[Club Nacional de Football|Nacional]] ||colspan=3|No Cup |- |{{fb|VEN|1930}} || [[1939 Venezuelan Primera División season|1939 Venezuelan Primera División]] || [[Unión S.C.|Unión]] ||colspan=3|No Cup |} ===Asia & Oceania=== {| class=wikitable style="font-size:small" |- !Nation !League !Champion !Cup !Winner !Runner-Up |- | {{fb| Australia}} ||colspan=2| No League || 1939 [[Football SA Federation Cup]]<br>1939 [[Dockerty Cup]]<br>1939 [[Football West State Cup|Challenge Cup and Shield]] || West Torrens<br>Imperial Chemical Industries<br>[[Bassendean Caledonians SFC|Caledonians]] || [[West Torrens Birkalla SC|Birkalla Rovers]]<br>Unknown<br>Unknown |- | {{flagicon|GBR}}[[British Malaya]] ||colspan=2|No League || 1939 [[Malaysia Cup]]|| [[Singapore FA|Singapore]] || [[Selangor F.C.|Selangor]] |- |rowspan=2|{{fb|British Raj}} ||rowspan=2 colspan=2|No League || 1939 [[Rovers Cup]] || {{flagicon|GBR}}[[Royal Artillery|28th Field Regiment,<br>Royal Artillery]] || Howrah District XI |- | 1939 [[IFA Shield]] || [[Kolkata Police]] || [[Calcutta Customs Club]] |- | {{fb|Dutch East Indies}} || [[1939 Inlandsche Stedenwedstrijden]] || [[Persis Solo|PERSIS]] ||colspan=3| No Cup |- | {{fb|Lebanon|1920|name=Greater Lebanon}} ||colspan=2|No League || 1938–39 [[Lebanese FA Cup]] || [[AS Hilmi-Sport|Hilmi-Sport]] || [[Homenetmen Beirut (football)|Homenetmen]] |- | {{fb|Hong Kong|1910}} || [[1938–39 Hong Kong First Division League]] || [[South China AA|South China]] || [[1938–39 Hong Kong Senior Challenge Shield]] || [[South China AA|South China]] || [[Hong Kong Police F.C.|Police]] |- | {{flag|Iran|1925}} || 1938–1939 Tehran Province League || [[Tofan F.C.|Tofan]] ||colspan=3| No Cup |- | {{fb|Japan|1870}} ||colspan=2| No League || [[1939 Emperor's Cup]] || [[Keio BRB]] || [[Waseda University]] |- |rowspan=2|{{fb|Mandatory Palestine|name=Mandatory Palestine}} || [[1938–39 Palestine League]] || [[Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C.]] ||rowspan=2| [[1939 Palestine Cup]] ||rowspan=2| [[Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C.|Hapoel Tel Aviv]] ||rowspan=2| [[Maccabi Petah Tikva F.C.|Maccabi Avshalom Petah Tikva]] |- | [[1939 Palestine League]] || [[Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C.|Maccabi Tel Aviv]] (Tel Aviv)<br>[[Beitar Nes Tubruk F.C.|Beitar Netanya]] (Samaria)<br>[[Maccabi Rehovot F.C.|Maccabi Rehovot]] (Southern) |} ===Africa=== {| class=wikitable style="font-size:small" |- !Nation !League !Champion !Cup !Winner !Runner-Up |- | {{flagicon|FRA|1848b}}[[French Algeria]] || 1938-1939 Algiers Championship<br>1938-1939 Constantine Championship<br>1938-1939 Oranie Championship || [[Racing Universitaire d'Alger|RU Alger]]<br>[[Jeunesse Bône Athlétique Club|JBAC Bône]]<br>[[Club des Joyeusetés d'Oran|CDJ Oran]] ||colspan=3 style="text-align:center;"| No Cup |- | {{fb|EGY|1922}} || [[1938–39 Alexandria Zone League]]<br>[[1938–39 Cairo League]]<br>[[1938–39 Canal Zone League]] || [[Al Ittihad Alexandria Club|El Ittihad Alexandria]]<br>[[Al Ahly SC|Al Ahly]]<br>[[Al Masry SC|Al-Masry]] || [[1938–39 Egypt Cup]] || [[Al Teram SC|Al Teram]] || Police |- | {{flagicon|FRA|1848b}}[[French Morocco]] || [[1938-1939 Moroccan football league]] || [[Union Sportive Marocaine|US Marocaine]] || 1939 Coupe Djebari || [[Union Sportive Marocaine|US Marocaine]] || [[Stade Marocain]] |- | {{flagicon|FRA|1848b}}[[French North Africa]] || [[1939 North African Championship]] || {{flagicon|ALG}}[[Racing Universitaire d'Alger|RU Alger]] ||colspan=3 style="text-align:center;"| No Cup |- | {{flagicon|FRA|1848b}}[[French protectorate of Tunisia|French Tunisia]] || 1938–39 Tunisian National Championship || [[CS Gabésien]] || [[1938–39 Tunisian Cup]] || [[Espérance Sportive de Tunis|ES Tunis]] || [[Étoile Sportive du Sahel|Étoile du Sahel]] |} ==Clubs== ===Clubs Founded=== {| class=wikitable style="font-size:small" |- ! Date Founded ! Club ! Country ! Current League ! Notes |- |rowspan=3|January 1 || [[Alianza Universidad]] || {{flag|Peru}} || [[Peruvian Segunda División|Liga 2]] || |- | [[KFUM-Kameratene Oslo]] || {{flag|Norway}} || [[Eliteserien]] || |- | [[F.C. Vizela]] || {{flag|Portugal}} || [[Liga Portugal 2]] || |- | January 11 || [[Club Paysandú Bella Vista]] || {{flag|Uruguay}} || Copa Nacional de Clubes || |- | January 18 || [[Rio Ave F.C.]] || {{flag|Portugal}} || [[Primeira Liga]] || |- | February 17 || [[VV Katwijk]] || {{flag|Netherlands}} || [[Tweede Divisie]] || |- | February 20 || [[Boston River]] || {{flag|Uruguay}} || [[Uruguayan Primera División]] || |- | February 22 || [[AS Marsa]] || {{flag|Tunisia}}<br>{{flagicon|FRA}} [[French Tunisia]] || [[Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 2]] || |- | March 5 || [[Næstved Boldklub]] || {{flag|Denmark}} || [[Danish 2nd Division]] || |- | March 31 || [[Safa SC]] || {{flag|Lebanon}} || [[Lebanese Premier League]] || |- | April 1 || [[Mjällby AIF]] || {{flag|Sweden}} || [[Allsvenskan]] || |- | April 3 || [[Comercial Futebol Clube (São Paulo)|Comercial Futebol Clube]] || {{flag|Brazil}} || Folded in 1979 || |- | April 8 || [[Asser Christelijke Voetbalvereniging]] || {{flag|Netherlands}} || [[Tweede Divisie]] || |- | April 10 || [[Stal Mielec]] || {{flag|Poland}} || [[Ekstraklasa]] || |- | April 15 || [[Santa Cruz Recreativo Esporte Clube]] || {{flag|Brazil}} || Unknown || Last known league: [[Campeonato Paraibano Second Division]] |- | May 16 || [[A.O. Nea Ionia F.C.]] || {{flag|Greece}} || [[Gamma Ethniki]] || |- | May 17 || [[G.D. Estoril Praia]] || {{flag|Portugal}} || [[Primeira Liga]] || |- | June 8 || [[Barra Futebol Clube (RJ)|Barra Futebol Clube]] || {{flag|Brazil}} || Folded in 1996 || |- |rowspan=2|July 5 || [[Albacete Balompié]] || {{flag|Spain}} || [[Segunda División]] || |- | [[Boavista FC (Cape Verde)|Boavista FC]] || {{flag|Cape Verde}}<br>{{flag|Portuguese Cape Verde}} (formerly) || [[Santiago South Premier Division|Santiago Island League (South)]] |- | August 2 || [[América Futebol Clube (AM)|América (AM)]] || {{flag|Brazil}} || Folded in 2012 || |- | August 25 || [[C.S.D. Macará]] || {{flag|Ecuador}} || [[Ecuadorian Serie A]] || |- | September 1 || [[F.C. Alverca]] || {{flag|Portugal}} || [[Liga Portugal 2]] || |- | September 3 || [[Sport Loreto]] || {{flag|Peru}} || [[Copa Perú]] || |- | September 18 || [[C.D. Dragón]] || {{flag|El Salvador}} || [[Primera División de Fútbol de El Salvador|Primera División]] || |- | October 12 || [[Club Atlético Puerto Nuevo]] || {{flag|Argentina}} || [[Primera C Metropolitana]] || |- | October 19 || [[SK Haugar]] || {{flag|Norway}} || [[5. divisjon]] || |- | November 21 || [[América de Quito]] || {{flag|Ecuador}} || [[Ecuadorian Serie B|Serie B]] || |- | November 28 || [[TP Mazembe]] || {{flag|DR Congo}}<br>{{flag|Belgian Congo}} (formerly) || [[Linafoot]] || 5-time [[CAF Champions League]] winner<br>[[2010 FIFA Club World Cup]] runner-up |- | December 15 || [[MO Constantine]] || {{flag|Algeria}}<br>{{flag|French Algeria}} (formerly) || [[Algerian Ligue 2]] || |- | 1939 || [[Acharnaikos F.C.]] || {{flag|Greece}} || East Attica FCA First Division || |- | 1939 || [[UD Amistad]] || {{flag|Spain}} || [[Liga Nacional Juvenil de Fútbol|Liga Nacional Juvenil]] || Youth football club.<br>Former [[farm team]] of [[Real Zaragoza]] |- | 1939 || [[CD Antequerano]] || {{flag|Spain}} || Folded in 1992 || |- | 1939 || [[NSTG Asch]] || {{flag|Nazi Germany}}<br>({{flag|Czechoslovakia}}) || Folded in 1945 || |- | 1939 || [[NSTG Aussig]] || {{flag|Nazi Germany}}<br>({{flag|Czechoslovakia}}) || Folded in 1945 || |- | 1939 || [[Barmbecker SG]] || {{flag|Nazi Germany}} || Folded in 1945 || |- | 1939 || [[Beitar Haifa F.C.]] || {{flag|Israel}}<br>{{flag|Mandatory Palestine}} (formerly) || [[Liga Bet]] North B || |- | 1939 || [[Beitar Nes Tubruk F.C.]] || {{flag|Israel}}<br>{{flag|Mandatory Palestine}} (formerly) || [[Liga Gimel]] Sharon || |- | 1939 || [[Beitar Ramat Gan F.C.]] || {{flag|Israel}}<br>{{flag|Mandatory Palestine}} (formerly) || [[Liga Bet]] South A || |- | 1939 || [[Blackhall Colliery Welfare F.C.]] || {{flag|England}} || Folded in 1992 || |- | 1939 || [[C.V.V. Inter Willemstad]] || {{flag|Curacao}}<br>{{flag|Territory of Curaçao}} (formerly)<br>{{flag|Netherlands Antilles}} (formerly) || [[Curaçao Promé Divishon|Curaçao Sekshon Pagá]] || |- | 1939 || [[Carrick Rangers F.C.]] || {{flag|Northern Ireland}} || [[NIFL Premiership]] || |- | 1939 || [[SC Cilu]] || {{flag|DR Congo}}<br>{{flag|Belgian Congo}} (formerly) || [[Linafoot]] || |- | 1939 || [[Corinthian-Casuals F.C.]] || {{flag|England}} || [[Combined Counties Football League]]<br>Premier Division South || Merger between [[Corinthian F.C.|Corinthian]] and [[Casuals F.C.|Casuals]] |- | 1939 || [[CS Metalurgistul Cugir]] || {{flag|Romania}} || [[Liga III]] || |- | 1939 || [[EHA Tánger]] || {{flag|Morocco|1913|name=Spanish protectorate in Morocco}} || Folded in 1941 || |- | 1939 || [[Fimleikafélag Hafnarfjarðar]] || {{flag|Iceland}} || [[Besta deild karla]] |- | 1939 || [[Grombalia Sports]] || {{flag|Tunisia}}<br>{{flagicon|FRA}} [[French Tunisia]] (formerly) || [[Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 2]] || |- | 1939 || [[Haddington Athletic F.C.]] || {{flag|Scotland}} || [[East of Scotland Football League|East of Scotland League Premier Division]] || |- | 1939 || [[Hakoah Sydney City East FC|Hakoah Sydney City East]] || {{flag|Australia}} || [[NSW League One]] || |- | 1939 || [[Hyderabad City Police FC]] || {{flag|India}}<br>{{flag|British Raj}} (formerly) || Folded in 1963 || |- | 1939 || [[CF Igualada]] || {{flag|Spain}} || [[Primera Catalana]] || |- | 1939 || [[CD Iruña]] || {{flag|Spain}} || [[Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in Navarre|Primera Autonómica]] || |- | 1939 || [[Libertad de Trujillo]] || {{flag|Peru}} || [[Copa Perú]] || |- | 1939 || [[UE Lleida]] || {{flag|Spain}} || Folded in 2011 |- | 1939 || [[Maccabi Ramat Gan F.C.]] || {{flag|Israel}}<br>{{flag|Mandatory Palestine}} (formerly) || Folded in 1968 || |- | 1939 || [[New Delhi Heroes FC]] || {{flag|India}}<br>{{flag|British Raj}} (formerly) || [[Delhi Football League]] || |- | 1939 || [[RD Oriamendi]] || {{flag|Spain|1938}} || Folded in 1944 || |- | 1939 || [[Otago University AFC]] || {{flag|New Zealand}} || [[Southern Premier League (New Zealand)|Southern Premier League]] || |- | 1939 || [[Palliniakos F.C.]] || {{flag|Greece}} || East Attica FCA || |- | 1939 || [[FC Saint-Éloi Lupopo]] || {{flag|DR Congo}}<br>{{flag|Belgian Congo}} (formerly) || [[Linafoot]] || |- | 1939 || [[SKCF Sevastopol]] || {{flag|Soviet Union}} ({{flag|Ukrainian SSR}}) || Folded in 1971 |- | 1939 || [[Vale of Leven F.C.]] || {{flag|Scotland}} || [[West of Scotland Football League|West of Scotland]] Third Division || Reformation of club founded in 1872 |- | 1939 || [[Westland Sports F.C.]] || {{flag|England}} || [[Dorset Premier Football League|Dorset Premier League]] || |- | 1939 || [[Yokogawa Musashino FC]] || {{flag|Japan}} || [[Japan Football League]] || |} ===Clubs Folded=== {| class=wikitable style="font-size:small" |- ! Date Folded ! Date Founded ! Club ! Country ! Note |- | 1939 || 1938 || [[Bethlehem Hungarian]] || {{flag|United States|1912}} || |- | 1939 || 1914 || [[Brașovia Brașov]] || {{flag|Romania}} || |- | 1939 || 1938 || [[C.D. Euzkadi]] || {{flag|Mexico|1934}} || [[Basque Country national football team|Basque Country national team]] competiting in the [[Primera Fuerza]] |- |rowspan=2|1939 || 1882 || [[Casuals F.C.]] || {{flag|England}} ||rowspan=2|Merged to form [[Corinthian-Casuals F.C.]] |- | 1882 || [[Corinthian F.C.]] || {{flag|England}} |- | 1939 || 1909 || [[Gimnástico FC]] || {{flag|Spain|1938}} || Merged with [[Levante FC]] to form [[Levante UD]] |- | 1939 || 1884 || [[Gordon Highlanders F.C.]] || {{flag|United Kingdom}} || Footballing side of the [[British Army]]'s [[Gordon Highlanders]] regiment. |- | 1939 || 1909 || [[Levante FC]] || {{flag|Spain|1938}} || Merged with [[Gimnástico FC]] to form [[Levante UD]] |- | 1939 || 1886 || [[London Caledonians F.C.]] || {{flag|England}} || |- | 1939 || 1924 || [[CD Nacional de Madrid]] || {{flag|Spain|1938}} || |- | 1939 || May 25, 1886 || [[DFC Prag]] || {{flag|Nazi Germany}} ({{flag|Czechoslovakia}})<br>{{flag|Austria-Hungary|civil}} (formerly) || Reformed in 2016 |- | 1939 || 1921 || [[Rutherglen Ladies F.C.]] || {{flag|Scotland}} || Women's football club |- | 1939 || 1930 || [[Savoia SC]] || {{flag|Australia}} || |- | 1939 || 1926 || [[Walker Celtic F.C.]] || {{flag|England}} || |- | 1939 || October 14, 1928 || [[Club Femení i d'Esports de Barcelona]] || {{flag|Spain|1938}} || Women's football club |} ====Clubs Folded due to World War II==== {| class=wikitable style="font-size:small" |- ! Date Folded ! Date Founded ! Club ! Country ! Former Country ! Note |- | 1939 || 1903 || [[Czarni Lwów]] || {{flag|Soviet Union}} || {{flag|Austria-Hungary|civil}}<br>{{flag|Poland|1928}} || |- | 1939 || August 15, 1922 || [[Gedania Danzig]] || {{flag|Nazi Germany}} || {{flag|Poland|1928}} || Reformed in 1945 as [[Gedania 1922 Gdańsk]] |- | 1939 || 1910 || [[Jutrzenka Kraków]] || {{flag|Nazi Germany}} || {{flag|Austria-Hungary|civil}}<br>{{flag|Poland|1928}} || |- | 1939 || February 13, 1905 || [[Diana Kattowitz]] || {{flag|Nazi Germany}} || {{flag|German Empire}}<br>{{flag|Poland|1928}} || |- | 1939 || 1907 || [[Kresy Tarnopol]] || {{flag|Soviet Union}} || {{flag|Austria-Hungary|civil}}<br>{{flag|Poland|1928}} || |- | 1939 || 1903 || [[Lechia Lwów]] || {{flag|Soviet Union}} || {{flag|Austria-Hungary|civil}}<br>{{flag|Poland|1928}} || First professional football club in [[Poland]] |- | 1939 || Unknown || [[Ognisko Pińsk]] || {{flag|Soviet Union}} || {{flag|Poland|1928}} || |- | 1939 || 1908 || [[Rewera Stanisławów]] || {{flag|Soviet Union}} || {{flag|Austria-Hungary|civil}}<br>{{flag|Poland|1928}} || |- | 1939 || 1929 || [[Sian Przemyśl]] || {{flag|Soviet Union}} || {{flag|Poland|1928}} || Reformed in 1942, dissolved again in 1944 |- | 1939 || 1933 || [[Śmigły Wilno]] || {{flag|Soviet Union}} || {{flag|Poland|1928}} || |- | 1939 || 1910 || [[Sparta Lwów]] || {{flag|Soviet Union}} || {{flag|Austria-Hungary|civil}}<br>{{flag|Poland|1928}} || |- | 1939 || 1910 || [[TMRF Widzew Łódź]] || {{flag|Nazi Germany}} || {{flag|Russian Empire|1896}}<br>{{flag|Poland|1928}} || Reformed in 2014, dissolved again in 2016 |- | 1939 || 1911 || [[Ukraina Lwów]] || {{flag|Soviet Union}} || {{flag|Austria-Hungary|civil}}<br>{{flag|Poland|1928}} || Reformed in 1942, dissolved again in 1944 |- | 1939 || 1907 || [[Union Riga]] || {{flag|Latvia}} || {{flag|Russian Empire|1896}} || |- | 1939 || 1932|| [[Union Touring Łódź]] || {{flag|Nazi Germany}} || {{flag|Poland|1928}} || |- | 1939 || 1934 || [[WKS Grodno]] || {{flag|Soviet Union}} || {{flag|Poland|1928}} || |} ==Births & Deaths== ===Births=== {| class=wikitable style="font-size:small" |- ! Date of Birth ! Person ! Nationality ! Played For ! Managed ! Date of Death ! Other Notes |- |rowspan=2|January 4 || [[Igor Chislenko]] || {{fb|USSR}}<br>{{fb|RUS}} || {{flagicon|USSR}} [[FC Dynamo Moscow|Dynamo Moscow]] || || September 22, 1994 || Played at the [[1962 FIFA World Cup|1962]] and [[1966 FIFA World Cup]]s<br> [[1964 European Nations' Cup]] runner-up |- | [[Joseph Bonnel]] || {{fb|FRA}} || {{flagicon|FRA|1944}} [[Montpellier HSC|Montpellier]]<br>{{flagicon|FRA|1944}} [[Valenciennes FC|Valenciennes]]<br>{{flagicon|FRA|1944}} [[Olympique de Marseille|Marseille]]<br>{{flagicon|FRA|1974}} [[A.S. Béziers|AS Béziers]] || {{flagicon|FRA|1944}} [[Olympique de Marseille|Marseille]]<br>{{flagicon|FRA|1974}} [[A.S. Béziers|AS Béziers]] || February 13, 2018 || Played at the [[1966 FIFA World Cup]] |- | January 6 || [[Valeriy Lobanovskyi]] || {{fb|USSR}}<br>{{fb|UKR}} || {{flagicon|USSR}} [[FC Dynamo Kyiv|Dynamo Kyiv]]<br>{{flagicon|USSR}} [[FC Chornomorets Odesa|Chornomorets Odesa]]<br>{{flagicon|USSR}} [[FC Shakhtar Donetsk|Shakhtar Donetsk]] || {{flagicon|USSR}} [[FC Dnipro|Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk]]<br>{{flagicon|USSR}}{{flagicon|UKR}} [[FC Dynamo Kyiv|Dynamo Kyiv]]<br>{{fb|USSR}}<br>{{fb|UAE}}<br>{{fb|KUW}}<br>{{fb|UKR}} || May 13, 2002 || 9-time [[Soviet Top League]] winner<br>7-time [[Soviet Cup]] winner<br>2-time [[European Cup Winners' Cup]] winner [[1974–75 European Cup Winners' Cup|1974–75]], [[1985–86 European Cup Winners' Cup|1985–86]])<br>Bronze medalist at the [[Football at the 1976 Summer Olympics|1976 Summer Olympics]]<br>[[UEFA Euro 1988]] runner-up |- | January 9 || [[Lev Burchalkin]] || {{fb|USSR}}<br>{{fb|RUS}} || {{flagicon|USSR}} [[FC Zenit Saint Petersburg|Zenit Leningrad]] || {{flagicon|MDV}} [[Victory Sports Club]]<br>{{flagicon|USSR}} [[FC Shakhter Karagandy]]<br>{{flagicon|RUS|1991}} [[FC Luch Vladivostok]]<br>{{flagicon|RUS}} [[FC Lokomotiv Saint Petersburg|Lokomotiv Saint Petersburg]]<br>{{flagicon|RUS}} [[FC Zenit-2 Saint Petersburg|Zenit 2]] || September 7, 2004 || |- | January 22 || [[Luigi Simoni]] || {{fb|ITA}} || {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Mantova 1911|Mantova]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[SSC Napoli|Napoli]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Torino FC|Torino]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Juventus FC|Juventus]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Brescia Calcio|Brescia]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Genoa CFC|Genoa]] || {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Genoa CFC|Genoa]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Brescia Calcio|Brescia]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Pisa SC|Pisa]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[SS Lazio|Lazio]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Empoli FC|Empoli]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Cosenza Calcio 1914|Cosenza]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Carrarese Calcio 1908|Carrarese]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[US Cremonese|Cremonese]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[SSC Napoli|Napoli]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Inter Milan]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Piacenza Calcio 1919|Piacenza]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Torino FC|Torino]]<br>{{flagicon|BUL}} [[PFC CSKA Sofia|CSKA Sofia]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[AC Ancona|Ancona]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Siena FC SSD|Siena]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Lucchese 1905|Lucchese]] || May 22, 2020 || [[1997–98 UEFA Cup]] winner<br>Member of the [[Italian Football Hall of Fame]] |- | January 25 || [[Horst Nemec]] || {{fb|AUT}} || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[FK Austria Wien|Austria Wien]]<br>{{flagicon|AUT}} [[First Vienna FC]] || || June 29, 1984 || 3-time [[Austrian Football Bundesliga|Austrian Bundesliga]] winner ([[1960–61 Austrian football championship|1960–61]], [[1961–62 Austrian football championship|1961–62]], [[1962–63 Austrian football championship|1962–63]])<br>3-time [[Austrian Football Bundesliga|Austrian football championship]] top scorer ([[1960–61 Austrian football championship|1960–61]], [[1961–62 Austrian football championship|1961–62]], [[1963–64 Austrian football championship|1963–64]]) |- | January 30 || [[Jovan Miladinović]] || {{fb|YUG}} || {{flagicon|YUG}} [[FK Partizan|Partizan]] || {{flagicon|YUG}} [[FK Partizan|Partizan]]<br>{{flagicon|GER}} [[1. FC Nürnberg]] || September 11, 1982 || 4-time [[Yugoslav First League]] winner<br>[[1960 European Nations' Cup]] runner-up |- | February 3 || [[Dezső Novák]] || {{fb|HUN}} || {{flagicon|HUN|1956}}{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Szombathelyi Haladás]]<br>{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Ferencvárosi TC|Ferencváros]] || {{flagicon|HUN}} [[Ferencvárosi TC|Ferencváros]]<br>{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Dunaújváros FC|Dunaújvárosi Kohász]]<br>{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Rákospalotai EAC|Volán SC]]<br>{{flagicon|KSA}} [[Al-Ittihad Club (Jeddah)|Al-Ittihad]] || February 26, 2014 || 4-time [[Nemzeti Bajnokság I]] winner<br>2-time [[Football at the Summer Olympics|Olympics]] gold medalist ([[Football at the 1964 Summer Olympics|1964]], [[Football at the 1968 Summer Olympics|1968]])<br>Bronze medalist at the [[Football at the 1960 Summer Olympics|1960 Summer Olympics]] |- | February 10 || [[Emilio Álvarez (Uruguayan footballer)|Emilio Álvarez]] || {{fb|URU}} || {{flagicon|URU}} [[Club Nacional de Football|Nacional]] || || April 22, 2010 || 4-time [[Uruguayan Primera División]] winner<br>Played at the [[1962 FIFA World Cup|1962]] and [[1966 FIFA World Cup]]s |- | February 12 || [[Walter Glechner]] || {{fb|AUT}} || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[SK Rapid Wien]] || || January 29, 2015 || 4-time [[Austrian Football Bundesliga|Austrian Bundesliga]] winner |- | February 22 || [[Leif Iwarsson]] || {{fb|SWE}} || {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Hallstahammars SK]]<br>{{flagicon|SWE}} [[IK Sirius Fotboll|IK Sirius]]<br>{{flagicon|SWE}} [[AIK Solna|AIK]]<br>{{flagicon|SWE}} [[IK Brage]]<br>{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Surahammars IF]] || {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Surahammars IF]]<br>{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Hallstahammars SK]] || || |- | February 27 || [[José Cardona]] || {{fb|HON|1949}} || {{flagicon|POR}} [[Lusitano G.C.|Lusitano Évora]]<br>{{flagicon|ESP|1945}} [[Elche CF|Elche]]<br>{{flagicon|ESP|1945}} [[Atlético Madrid]]<br>{{flagicon|HON|1949}} [[Real C.D. España|Real España]] || || January 30, 2013 || 2-time [[La Liga]] winner ([[1965–66 La Liga|1965–66]], [[1969–70 La Liga]])<br>[[1964–65 Copa del Generalísimo]] winner |- | March 1 || [[Claudio Lostaunau]] || {{fb|PER}} || {{flagicon|PER}} [[Deportivo Municipal]]<br>{{flagicon|MEX|1934}} [[C.F. Monterrey|Monterrey]]<br>{{flagicon|MEX|1934}} [[Deportivo Toluca F.C.|Deportivo Toluca]]<br>{{flagicon|MEX}} [[San Isidro Laguna|CF Laguna]] || {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Tigres UANL]]<br>{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Atlas F.C.|Atlas]]<br>{{flagicon|MEX}} [[C.F. Monterrey|Monterrey]] || November 21, 2016 || |- | March 8 || [[Paride Tumburus]] || {{fb|ITA}} || {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Bologna FC 1909|Bologna]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[LR Vicenza|Lanerossi Vicenza]] || {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Nuovo Pordenone 2024 FC ASD|Pordenone]] || October 24, 2015 || |- | March 17 || [[Giovanni Trapattoni]] || {{fb|ITA}} || {{flagicon|ITA}} [[AC Milan]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[SSD Varese Calcio|Varese]] || {{flagicon|ITA}} [[AC Milan]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Juventus FC|Juventus]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Inter Milan]]<br>{{flagicon|GER}} [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Cagliari Calcio|Cagliari]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[ACF Fiorentina|Fiorentina]]<br>{{fb|ITA}}<br>{{flagicon|POR}} [[S.L. Benfica|Benfica]]<br>{{flagicon|GER}} [[VfB Stuttgart]]<br>{{flagicon|AUT}} [[FC Red Bull Salzburg|Red Bull Salzburg]]<br>{{fb|IRL}}<br>{{fb|VAT}} || || 9-time [[Serie A]] winner<br>3-time [[UEFA Champions League|European Cup]] winner ([[1962–63 European Cup|1962–63]], [[1968–69 European Cup|1968–69]], [[1984–85 European Cup|1984–85]])<br>2-time [[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]] winner ([[1967–68 European Cup Winners' Cup|1967–68]], [[1983–84 European Cup Winners' Cup]])<br>3-time [[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup]] winner ([[1976–77 UEFA Cup|1976–77]], [[1990–91 UEFA Cup|1990–91]], [[1992–93 UEFA Cup|1992–93]])<br>[[1985 Intercontinental Cup]] winner |- | March 18 || [[Ron Atkinson]] || {{fb|ENG}} || {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Oxford United F.C.|Oxford United]] || {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Kettering Town F.C.|Kettering Town]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Cambridge United F.C.|Cambridge United]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|West Bromwich Albion]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]<br>{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Atlético Madrid]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|Sheffield Wednesday]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Coventry City F.C.|Coventry City]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]] || || 2-time [[FA Cup]] winner ([[1982–83 FA Cup|1982–83]], [[1984–85 FA Cup|1984–85]])<br>2-time [[EFL Cup|Football League Cup]] winner ([[1990–91 Football League Cup|1990–91]], [[1993–94 Football League Cup|1993–94]]) |- | March 23 || [[Terry Paine]] || {{fb|ENG}} || {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Hereford United F.C.|Hereford United]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Cheltenham Town F.C.|Cheltenham Town]] || {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Cheltenham Town F.C.|Cheltenham Town]] || || [[1966 FIFA World Cup]] winner<br>Member of the [[Football League 100 Legends]] |- | March 29 || [[Wilfried Straub]] || {{fb|West Germany}}<br>{{fb|GER}} || || || May 2, 2016 || Vice-president of the [[German Football Association]] |- | March 30 || [[Robert Herbin]] || {{fb|FRA}} || {{flagicon|FRA|1944}} [[AS Saint-Étienne|Saint-Étienne]] || {{flagicon|FRA|1944}}{{flagicon|FRA|1974}} [[AS Saint-Étienne|Saint-Étienne]]<br>{{flagicon|FRA|1974}} [[Olympique Lyonnais|Lyon]]<br>{{flagicon|KSA}} [[Al Nassr FC|Al Nassr]]<br>{{flagicon|FRA|1974}} [[RC Strasbourg Alsace|Strasbourg]]<br>{{flagicon|FRA|1974}} [[Red Star FC|Red Star]] || April 27, 2020 || 9-time [[Ligue 1|French Division 1]] winner<br>6-time [[Coupe de France]] winner<br>[[1975–76 European Cup]] runner-up<br>Played at the [[1966 FIFA World Cup]] |- | March 31 || [[Karl-Heinz Schnellinger]] || {{fb|West Germany}}<br>{{fb|GER}} || {{flagicon|GER}} [[1. FC Köln]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Mantova 1911|Mantova]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[AS Roma]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[AC Milan]] || || May 20, 2024 || [[1966 FIFA World Cup]] runner-up<br>[[1968–69 European Cup]] winner<br>[[1969 Intercontinental Cup]] winner<br>Finished third in the [[1962 Ballon d'Or]] |- | April 4 || [[Oscar Fulloné]] || {{fb|ARG}} || {{flagicon|COL}} [[Independiente Medellín]]<br>{{flagicon|ESP|1945}} [[Real Oviedo]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]] || {{flagicon|SUI}} [[FC Sion]]<br>{{flagicon|CIV|1959}} [[ASEC Mimosas]]<br>{{flagicon|MAR}} [[Raja CA|Raja Casablanca]]<br>{{flagicon|EGY}} [[Al Masry SC|Al Masry]]<br>{{fb|BFA}}<br>{{flagicon|MAR}} [[Wydad AC]]<br>{{flagicon|TUN}} [[Espérance Sportive de Tunis|ES Tunis]]<br>{{flagicon|RSA}} [[Mamelodi Sundowns F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]]<br>{{flagicon|ALG}} [[USM Alger]]<br>{{flagicon|MAR}} [[Kénitra AC]] || May 22, 2017 || 2-time [[CAF Champions League]] winner ([[1998 CAF Champions League|1998]], [[1999 CAF Champions League|1999]]) |- | April 6 || [[Eugeniusz Faber]] || {{fb|POL}} || {{flagicon|POL|1955}} [[Ruch Chorzów]]<br>{{flagicon|FRA|1944}} [[RC Lens|Lens]] || || September 24, 2021 || 2-time [[Ekstraklasa]] winner ([[1960 Ekstraklasa|1960]], [[1967–68 Ekstraklasa|1967–68]])<br>Played at the [[Football at the 1960 Summer Olympics|1960 Summer Olympics]] |- | April 23 || [[Fritz Pott]] || {{fb|West Germany}}<br>{{fb|GER}} || {{flagicon|GER}} [[1. FC Köln]] || {{flagicon|GER}} [[FC Viktoria Köln|Viktoria Köln]] || January 11, 2015 || 2-time German champion ([[1962 German football championship|1962]], [[1963–64 Bundesliga|1963–64]] winner<br>[[1967–68 DFB-Pokal]] winner |- | April 25 || [[Ahmad Basri Akil]] || {{fb|MAS}} || || {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Kedah Darul Aman F.C.|Kedah FA]]<br>{{fb|MAS}} || July 15, 2008 || |- | April 27 || [[Tarcisio Burgnich]] || {{fb|ITA}} || {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Udinese Calcio|Udinese]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Juventus FC|Juventus]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Palermo FC|Palermo]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Inter Milan]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[SSC Napoli|Napoli]] || {{flagicon|ITA}} [[US Livorno 1915|Livorno]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[US Catanzaro 1929|Catanzaro]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Bologna FC 1909|Bologna]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Como 1907|Como]], [[Genoa CFC|Genoa]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[LR Vicenza|Vicenza]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[US Cremonese|Cremonese]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[US Salernitana 1919|Salernitana]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Calcio Foggia 1920|Foggia]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Lucchese 1905|Lucchese]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Delfino Pescara 1936|Pescara]] || May 26, 2021 || 5-time [[Serie A]] winner<br>[[1975–76 Coppa Italia]] winner<br>2-time [[UEFA Champions League|European Cup]] winner ([[1963–64 European Cup|1963–64]], [[1964–65 European Cup|1964–65]])<br>2-time [[Intercontinental Cup]] winner ([[1964 Intercontinental Cup|1964]], [[1965 Intercontinental Cup|1965]])<br>[[UEFA Euro 1968]] winner<br>[[1970 FIFA World Cup]] runner-up |- | May 13 || [[Johnny Byrne (footballer)|Johnny Byrne]] || {{fb|ENG}} || {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[West Ham United F.C.|West Ham United]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]]<br>{{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Durban City F.C.|Durban City]] || || October 27, 1999 || [[1963–64 FA Cup]] winner |- | June 23 || [[Syed Shahid Hakim]] || {{fb|IND}} || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Indian Air Force (football team)|Indian Air Force]]<br>{{flagicon|IND}} [[Hyderabad City Police FC|Hyderabad City Police]] || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mahindra United FC|Mahindra United]]<br>{{flagicon|IND}} [[Salgaocar FC|Salgaocar]]<br>{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bengal Mumbai FC|Bengal Mumbai]] || August 22, 2021 || Refereed at the [[1988 AFC Asian Cup]] |- | June 27 || [[Ilija Dimoski]] || {{fb|YUG}}<br>{{fb|MKD}} || {{flagicon|YUG}} [[FK Pobeda|Pobeda]]<br>{{flagicon|YUG}} [[FK Radnički Niš|Radnički Niš]]<br>{{flagicon|YUG}} [[FK Proleter Novi Sad|Proleter Novi Sad]] || {{flagicon|YUG}} [[FK Radnički Niš|Radnički Niš]]<br>{{flagicon|YUG}} [[FK Vardar|Vardar]]<br>{{flagicon|YUG}} [[NK GOŠK-Dubrovnik 1919|GOŠK-Jug]]<br>{{flagicon|FRY}} [[FK Priština|Priština]]<br>{{flagicon|MKD}} [[FK Pobeda|Pobeda]]<br>{{flagicon|MKD}} [[FK Rabotnički|Rabotnički]] || November 3, 2008 || |- | June 30 || [[Renzo Rovatti]] || {{fb|ITA}} || {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Inter Milan]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Palermo FC|Palermo]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Aurora Pro Patria 1919|Pro Patria]]<br>{{flagicon|SUI}} [[FC Lugano|Lugano]] || || || |- | July 1 || [[Graham Beighton]] || {{fb|ENG}} || {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Stockport County F.C.|Stockport County]]<br>{{flagicon|WAL}} [[Wrexham A.F.C.|Wrexham]] || || || |- |rowspan=2|July 4 || [[Abdelmajid Chetali]] || {{fb|TUN}} || {{flagicon|TUN|1959}} [[Étoile Sportive du Sahel|Étoile du Sahel]] || {{flagicon|TUN|1959}}{{flagicon|TUN}} [[Étoile Sportive du Sahel|Étoile du Sahel]]<br>{{fb|TUN|1959}}<br>{{flagicon|UAE}} [[Al Ain FC|Al Ain]]<br>{{flagicon|KSA}} [[Al Wehda FC|Al Wehda]]<br>{{fb|BHR}} || || 4-time [[Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1]] winner<br>4-time [[Tunisian Cup]] winner<br>[[1963 Arab Cup]] winner<br>[[1965 African Cup of Nations]] runner-up<br>[[2004 CAF Champions League]] runner-up |- | [[Kim Bong-hwan]] || {{fb|PRK}} || {{flagicon|PRK}} [[Kigwancha Sports Club|Kikwancha Pyongyang]] || || Unknown, before 2002 || Played at the [[1966 FIFA World Cup]] |- | July 7 || [[Armand Sahadewsing]] || {{fb|NGY}}<br>{{fb|SUR}} || {{flagicon|NGY}} [[S.V. Transvaal|Transvaal]]<br>{{flagicon|NED}} [[AFC DWS|DWS]] || {{fb|SUR}} || February 22, 2019 || 2-time [[SVB Eerste Divisie|SVB Hoofdklasse]] winner (1962, 1965),br>1965 [[Surinamese Footballer of the Year]] |- | July 10 || [[Reg Stratton]] || {{fb|ENG}} || {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Woking F.C.|Woking]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Colchester United F.C.|Colchester United]]<br>{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Vancouver Royals]] || || May 21, 2018 || Great-uncle of former English footballer [[Tom Cleverley]] |- | July 11 || [[Mick Brown (footballer)|Mick Brown]] || {{fb|ENG}} || {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Hull City A.F.C.|Hull City]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Lincoln City F.C.|Lincoln City]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Cambridge United F.C.|Cambridge United]] || {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Oxford United F.C.|Oxford United]] || || Assistant manager to [[Ron Atkinson]] (1979–1986)<br>Assistant manager to [[Phil Neal]] (1987–1992) |- | July 13 || [[John Danielsen]] || {{fb|DEN}} || {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Boldklubben 1909|B1909]]<br>{{flagicon|GER}} [[SV Werder Bremen|Werder Bremen]]<br>{{flagicon|SUI}} [[FC Chiasso|Chiasso]] || || || 2-time [[Danish 1st Division]] winner ([[1959 Danish 1st Division|1959]], [[1964 Danish 1st Division|1964]])<br>Silver medalist at the [[Football at the 1960 Summer Olympics|1960 Summer Olympics]] |- | July 16 || [[Lido Vieri]] || {{fb|ITA}} || {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Torino FC|Torino]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Inter Milan]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[FC Pistoiese SSD|Pistoiese]] || {{flagicon|ITA}} [[FC Pistoiese SSD|Pistoiese]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[ASD Siracusa Calcio 1924|Siracusa]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[US Massese 1919|Massese]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[SS Juve Stabia|Juve Stabia]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Carrarese Calcio 1908|Carrarese]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Torino FC|Torino]] || || [[1970–71 Serie A]] winner<br>[[1967–68 Coppa Italia]] winner<br>[[UEFA Euro 1968]] winner<br>[[1970 FIFA World Cup]] runner-up |- |rowspan=2|July 18 || [[Carlos Monín]] || {{fb|PAR}} || {{flagicon|PAR}} [[Cerro Porteño]]<br>{{flagicon|BRA|1960}} [[CR Flamengo|Flamengo]]<br>{{flagicon|FRA|1944}} [[Toulouse FC (1937)|Toulouse]]<br>{{flagicon|FRA|1944}} [[Red Star FC|Red Star]] || {{flagicon|FRA|1974}} [[Red Star FC|Red Star]]<br>{{flagicon|FRA|1974}} [[FC Mantois 78|CA Mantes]] || January 6, 2023 || [[1961 Paraguayan Primera División season|1961 Paraguayan Primera División]] winner |- | [[Eduard Mudrik]] || {{fb|USSR}}<br>{{fb|UKR}} || {{flagicon|USSR}} [[FC Dynamo Moscow|Dynamo Moscow]] || || March 27, 2017 || 2-time [[Soviet Top League]] winner ([[1959 Soviet Football Championship, Class A|1959]], [[1963 Soviet Top League|1963]])<br>[[1964 European Nations' Cup]] runner-up |- |rowspan=2|July 21 || [[Helmut Haller]] || {{fb|West Germany}}<br>{{fb|Germany}} || {{flagicon|GER}} [[BC Augsburg]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Bologna FC 1909|Bologna]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Juventus FC|Juventus]]<br>{{flagicon|GER}} [[FC Augsburg]] || || October 11, 2012 || 3-time [[Serie A]] winner ([[1963–64 Serie A|1963–64]], [[1971–72 Serie A|1971–72]], [[1972–73 Serie A|1972–73]])<br>[[1966 FIFA World Cup]] runner-up<br>Uncle of former German footballer [[Christian Hochstätter]] |- | [[Bogusław Hajdas]] || {{fb|POL}} || {{flagicon|POL|1955}} [[Warta Zawiercie (football)|Warta Zawiercie]]<br>{{flagicon|POL|1955}} [[Lotnik Warsaw]]<br>{{flagicon|POL|1955}} [[AZS-AWF Warsaw]] || {{flagicon|POL|1955}}{{flagicon|POL}} [[Gwardia Warsaw]]<br>{{flagicon|POL|1955}} [[Pogoń Szczecin]]<br>{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Kuopion Palloseura|KuPS]]<br>{{fbu|21|POL|1980|name=Poland U21}}<br>{{flagicon|POL|1980}} [[Wisła Kraków]]<br>{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Vaasan Palloseura|VPS]]<br>{{flagicon|POL}} [[Raków Częstochowa]] || || 1977 [[Polish Coach of the Year]] |- | July 29 || [[Amarildo (footballer, born 1939)|Amarildo]] || {{fb|BRA}} || {{flagicon|BRA|1889}} [[CR Flamengo|Flamengo]]<br>{{flagicon|BRA|1889}}{{flagicon|BRA|1960}} [[Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas|Botafogo]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[AC Milan]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[ACF Fiorentina|Fiorentina]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[AS Roma]]<br>{{flagicon|BRA|1968}} [[CR Vasco da Gama|Vasco da Gama]] || {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Sorso Calcio|Sorso]]<br>{{flagicon|TUN|1959}} [[Espérance Sportive de Tunis|ES Tunis]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[San Frediano Rondinella SS|Rondinella]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[US Città di Pontedera|Pontedera]]<br>{{flagicon|BRA}} [[America Football Club (Rio de Janeiro)|America]] || || [[1968–69 Serie A]] winner<br>[[1974 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A]] winner<br>[[1966–67 Coppa Italia]] winner<br>[[1962 FIFA World Cup]] winner |- | July 31 || [[Ignacio Zoco]] || {{fb|ESP}} || {{flagicon|ESP|1945}} [[CD Oberena|Oberena]]<br>{{flagicon|ESP|1945}} [[CA Osasuna|Osasuna]]<br>{{flagicon|ESP|1945}} [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] || || September 28, 2015 || 7-time [[La Liga]] winner<br>2-time [[Copa del Rey|Copa del Generalísimo]] winner ([[1969–70 Copa del Generalísimo|1969–70]], [[1973–74 Copa del Generalísimo|1973–74]])<br>[[1965–66 European Cup]] winner<br>[[1964 European Nations' Cup]] winner |- | August 7 || [[Willie Penman (footballer, born 1939)|Willie Penman]] || {{fb|SCO}} || {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Swindon Town F.C.|Swindon Town]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Walsall F.C.|Walsall]]<br>{{flagicon|IRL}} [[Dundalk F.C.|Dundalk]]<br>{{flagicon|USA}}[[Seattle Sounders (1974–1983)|Seattle Sounders]] || || December 2017 || [[1968–69 Football League Cup]] winner |- | August 26 || [[Robert Waseige]] || {{fb|BEL}} || {{flagicon|BEL}} [[RFC Liège|FC Liège]]<br>{{flagicon|BEL}} [[R.W.D. Molenbeek (1909)|RW Brussels]]<br>{{flagicon|BEL}} [[K.R.C. Genk|Winterslag]] || {{flagicon|BEL}} [[K.R.C. Genk|Winterslag]]<br>{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Standard Liège]]<br>{{flagicon|BEL}} [[K.S.C. Lokeren Oost-Vlaanderen|Lokeren]]<br>{{flagicon|BEL}} [[RFC Liège|FC Liège]]<br>{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Royal Charleroi S.C.|Charleroi]]<br>{{flagicon|POR}} [[Sporting CP]]<br>{{fb|BEL}}<br>{{fb|Algeria}} || July 17, 2009 || [[1989–90 Belgian Cup]] winner |- | August 28 || [[Alfie Hale]] || {{fb|IRL}} || {{flagicon|IRL}} [[Waterford F.C.|Waterford]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Doncaster Rovers F.C.|Doncaster Rovers]]<br>{{flagicon|WAL}} [[Newport County A.F.C.|Newport County]]<br>{{flagicon|IRL}} [[Cork Celtic F.C.|Cork Celtic]]<br>{{flagicon|IRL}} [[St Patrick's Athletic F.C.|St Patrick's Athletic]]<br>{{flagicon|IRL}} [[Limerick F.C.|Limerick]]<br>{{flagicon|IRL}} [[Thurles Town F.C.|Thurles Town]] || {{flagicon|IRL}} [[Cork Celtic F.C.|Cork Celtic]]<br>{{flagicon|IRL}} [[Thurles Town F.C.|Thurles Town]]<br>{{flagicon|IRL}} [[Waterford F.C.|Waterford United]]<br>{{flagicon|IRL}} [[Cobh Ramblers F.C.|Cobh Ramblers]]<br>{{flagicon|IRL}} [[Kilkenny City A.F.C.|Kilkenny City]] || || 6-time [[League of Ireland]] winner<br>3-time [[Munster Senior Cup]] winner (1965–66, 1966–67, 1985–86) |- | August 29 || [[Gerard Bergholtz]] || {{fb|NED}} || {{flagicon|NED}} [[MVV Maastricht|MVV]]<br>{{flagicon|NED}} [[Feyenoord]]<br>{{flagicon|BEL}} [[R.S.C. Anderlecht|Anderlecht]]<br>{{flagicon|BEL}} [[R.W.D. Molenbeek (1909)|RWD Molenbeek]] || {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Sint-Truidense V.V.|Sint-Truidense]]<br>{{flagicon|BEL}} [[K. Patro Eisden Maasmechelen|Patro Eisden]]<br>{{flagicon|BEL}} [[K.F.C. Diest|Diest]]<br>{{flagicon|BEL}} [[K.A.A. Gent|Gent]] || || 2-time [[Eredivisie]] winner ([[1961–62 Eredivisie|1961–62]], [[1964–65 Eredivisie|1964–65]])<br>3-time [[Belgian Pro League|Belgian First Division]] winner ([[1965–66 Belgian First Division|1965–66]], [[1966–67 Belgian First Division|1966–67]], [[1967–68 Belgian First Division|1967–68]]) |- | September 7 || [[Clive Bircham]] || {{fb|ENG}} || {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Hartlepool United F.C.|Hartlepool United]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Boston United F.C.|Boston United]] || || June 6, 2020 || |- | September 14 || [[Ramón Barreto]] || {{fb|URU}} || || || April 4, 2015 || 2-time [[List of FIFA World Cup finals|FIFA World Cup final]] [[Assistant referee]] ([[1974 FIFA World Cup Final|1974]], [[1978 FIFA World Cup Final|1978]])<br>Refereed the [[Football at the 1976 Summer Olympics|1976 Summer Olympics]] gold medal match |- | September 20 || [[Ryszard Grzegorczyk]] || {{fb|POL}} || {{flagicon|POL|1955}} [[Polonia Bytom]]<br>{{flagicon|FRA|1944}} [[RC Lens]] || {{flagicon|POL|1955}} [[Szombierki Bytom]]<br>{{flagicon|POL|1955}} [[Naprzód Lipiny]]<br>{{flagicon|POL|1955}} [[Polonia Bytom|Polonia Bytom II]] || November 5, 2021 || [[1962 Ekstraklasa]] winner<br>[[1964–65 Intertoto Cup]] winner<br>Played at the [[Football at the 1960 Summer Olympics|1960 Summer Olympics]] |- | September 21 || [[Abdallah Zhar]] || {{fb|MAR}} || {{flagicon|MAR}} [[Wydad AC]]<br>{{flagicon|MAR}} [[Racing de Casablanca|Racing AC]]<br>{{flagicon|MAR}} [[Raja CA]]<br>{{flagicon|FRA|1944}} [[Stade de Reims]]<br>{{flagicon|FRA|1944}} [[Grenoble Foot 38]] || || December 13, 2015 || 2-time [[Ligue 1|French Division 1]] winner ([[1959–60 French Division 1|1959–60]], [[1961–62 French Division 1|1961–62]]) |- | October 3 || [[Velibor Vasović]] || {{fb|YUG}}<br>{{fb|FRY|name=FR Yugoslavia}} || {{flagicon|YUG}} [[FK Partizan|Partizan]]<br>{{flagicon|YUG}} [[Red Star Belgrade]]<br>{{flagicon|NED}} [[AFC Ajax|Ajax]] || {{flagicon|YUG}} [[FK Partizan|Partizan]]<br>{{flagicon|FRA|1974}} [[Angers SCO]]<br>{{flagicon|FRA|1974}}[[Paris Saint-Germain FC|Paris Saint-Germain]]<br>{{flagicon|EGY|1972}} [[Zamalek SC|Zamalek]]<br>{{flagicon|YUG}} [[Red Star Belgrade]] || March 4, 2002 || 6-time [[Yugoslav First League]] winner<br>3-time [[Eredivisie]] winner ([[1966–67 Eredivisie|1966–67]], [[1967–68 Eredivisie|1967–68]], [[1969–70 Eredivisie|1969–70]])<br>3-time [[KNVB Cup]] winner (1966–67, 1969–70, [[1970–71 KNVB Cup|1970–71]])<br>[[1970–71 European Cup]] winner |- | October 16 || [[Amancio (footballer)|Amancio]] || {{fb|ESP}} || {{flagicon|ESP|1945}} [[Deportivo de La Coruña|Deportivo La Coruña]]<br>{{flagicon|ESP|1945}} [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] || {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Real Madrid Castilla]]<br>{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] || February 21, 2023 || 9-time [[La Liga]] winner<br>3-time [[Copa del Rey|Copa del Generalísimo]] winner ([[1969–70 Copa del Generalísimo|1969–70]], [[1973–74 Copa del Generalísimo|1973–74]], [[1974–75 Copa del Generalísimo|1974–75]]<br>[[1964 European Nations' Cup]] winner<br>[[1965–66 European Cup]] winner<br>2-time [[La Liga]] top goalscorer ([[1968–69 La Liga|1968–69]], [[1969–70 La Liga|1969–70]])<br>Finished third in the [[1964 Ballon d'Or]] |- | October 22 || [[George Cohen]] || {{fb|ENG}} || {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] || || December 23, 2022 || [[1966 FIFA World Cup]] winner<br>Member of the [[English Football Hall of Fame]] |- |rowspan=2|October 27 || [[Jean Djorkaeff]] || {{fb|FRA}} || {{flagicon|FRA|1944}} [[Olympique Lyonnais|Lyon]]<br>{{flagicon|FRA|1944}} [[Olympique de Marseille|Marseille]]<br>{{flagicon|FRA|1944}} [[Paris Saint-Germain FC|Paris Saint-Germain]]<br>{{flagicon|FRA|1944}} [[Paris FC]] || {{flagicon|FRA|1974}} [[Grenoble Foot 38|Grenoble]]<br>{{flagicon|FRA|1974}} [[AS Saint-Étienne|Saint-Étienne]] || || 2-time [[Coupe de France]] winner ([[1963–64 Coupe de France|1963–64]], [[1968–69 Coupe de France|1968–69]])<br>Father of [[Micha Djorkaeff|Micha]] and [[Youri Djorkaeff]] |- | [[Marino Perani]] || {{fb|ITA}} || {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Atalanta BC|Atalanta]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Bologna FC 1909|Bologna]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Calcio Padova|Padova]]<br>{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Toronto Blizzard (1971–1984)|Toronto Metros-Croatia]] || || October 18, 2017 || [[1963–64 Serie A]] winner<br>2-time [[Coppa Italia]] winner ([[1969–70 Coppa Italia|1969–70]], [[1973–74 Coppa Italia|1973–74]])<br>[[1961 Mitropa Cup]] winner<br>[[1971 Anglo-Italian League Cup]] winner |- | November 2 || [[Enrico Albertosi]] || {{fb|ITA}} || {{flagicon|ITA}} [[ACF Fiorentina|Fiorentina]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Cagliari Calcio|Cagliari]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[AC Milan]] || || || 2-time [[Serie A]] winner ([[1969–70 Serie A|1969–70]], [[1978–79 Serie A|1978–79]])<br>3-time [[Coppa Italia]] winner ([[1960–61 Coppa Italia|1960–61]], [[1965–66 Coppa Italia|1965–66]], [[1976–77 Coppa Italia|1976–77]]<br>[[1960–61 European Cup Winners' Cup]] winner<br>[[1966 Mitropa Cup]] winner<br>[[UEFA Euro 1968]] winner<br>[[1970 FIFA World Cup]] runner-up |- | November 3 || [[Frits Flinkevleugel]] || {{fb|NED}} || {{flagicon|NED}} [[AFC DWS|DWS]]<br>{{flagicon|NED}} [[FC Amsterdam]] || || April 10, 2020 || [[1963–64 Eredivisie]] winner |- | November 29 || [[Sandro Salvadore]] || {{fb|ITA}} || {{flagicon|ITA}} [[AC Milan]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Juventus FC|Juventus]] || || January 4, 2007 || 4-time [[Serie A]] winner<br>[[1964–65 Coppa Italia]] winner<br>[[UEFA Euro 1968]] winner |- |rowspan=2| December 8 || [[Fahrudin Jusufi]] || {{fb|YUG}}<br>{{fb|KOS}} || {{flagicon|YUG}} [[FK Partizan|Partizan]]<br>{{flagicon|GER}} [[Eintracht Frankfurt]]<br>{{flagicon|GER}} [[SG Germania Wiesbaden|Germania Wiesbaden]] || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[FC Dornbirn 1913|FC Dornbirn]]<br>{{flagicon|GER}} [[FC Schalke 04|Schalke 04]]<br>{{flagicon|GER}} [[SG Wattenscheid 09|Wattenscheid 09]]<br>{{flagicon|GER}} [[TSV 1860 Munich|1860 Munich]]<br>{{flagicon|YUG}} [[FK Partizan|Partizan]]<br>{{flagicon|YUG}} [[NK Čelik Zenica|Čelik Zenica]] || August 9, 2019 || 4-time [[Yugoslav First League]] winner<br>[[1966–67 Intertoto Cup]] winner<br>[[Football at the 1960 Summer Olympics|1960 Summer Olympics]] gold medalist<br>[[1960 European Nations' Cup]] runner-up |- | [[Zvezdan Čebinac]] || {{fb|YUG}}<br>{{fb|SRB}} || {{flagicon|YUG}} [[FK Partizan|Partizan]]<br>{{flagicon|YUG}} [[Red Star Belgrade]]<br>{{flagicon|NED}} [[PSV Eindhoven]]<br>{{flagicon|GER}} [[1. FC Nürnberg]]<br>{{flagicon|GER}} [[Hannover 96]]<br>{{flagicon|SUI}} [[FC Nordstern Basel]] || {{flagicon|SUI}} [[FC Nordstern Basel]]<br>{{flagicon|SUI}} [[FC Grenchen]]<br>{{flagicon|SUI}} [[FC Aarau]]<br>{{flagicon|SUI}} [[FC Wohlen]]<br>{{flagicon|SUI}} [[BSC Old Boys]] || February 18, 2012 || 3-time [[Yugoslav First League]] winner ([[1960–61 Yugoslav First League|1960–61]], [[1961–62 Yugoslav First League|1961–62]], [[1962–63 Yugoslav First League|1962–63]])<br>[[1967–68 Bundesliga]] winner |- | December 18 || [[Pedro Jirón]] || {{fb|NCA}} || {{flagicon|NCA|1908}} [[Diriangén FC|Diriangén]] || || September 7, 2018 || 3-time [[Primera División de Nicaragua]] winner (1959, 1969, 1970) |- | 1939 || [[Astratijs Roškovs]] || {{fb|USSR}}<br>{{fb|LIT}}<br>{{fb|LAT}} || {{flagicon|USSR}} [[FC Baltika Kaliningrad|Baltika Kaliningrad]]<br>{{flagicon|USSR}} [[FC Daugava Riga]] || {{flagicon|USSR}} [[Celtnieks Rīga]]<br>{{flagicon|USSR}} [[FK Jūrnieks]]<br>{{flagicon|USSR}} [[FC Spartak Moscow (women)|Spartak Moscow (womens)]] || || |} ===Deaths=== Note: Players in ''Italics'' were killed due to the [[World War II|Second World War]]. {| class=wikitable style="font-size:small" |- ! Date of Death ! Person ! Nationality ! Played For ! Managed ! Notable For |- | January 11 || [[Eduard Engel]] || {{flag|Austria-Hungary|civil}}<br>{{fb|AUT}} || {{flagicon|Austria-Hungary|civil}} [[Vienna Cricket and Football-Club]] || || |- | January 23 || [[Matthias Sindelar]] || {{fb|GER|1935}}<br>({{fb|AUT}}) || {{flagicon|AUT}}{{flagicon|GER|1935}} [[FK Austria Wien|Austria Wien]] || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[FK Austria Wien|Austria Wien]] || [[1931–32 Central European International Cup]] winner |- | January 25 || [[David Gould]] || {{fb|SCO}}<br>{{fb|USA|1912}} || || {{fb|USA|1912}} || Member of the [[National Soccer Hall of Fame]] |- | January || [[Harold Stamper]] || {{fb|ENG}} || {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Stockton F.C.|Stockton]] || || Gold medalist at the [[Football at the 1912 Summer Olympics|1912 Summer Olympics]] |- | Febraury 5 || [[Cecil Wingfield-Stratford]] || {{fb|ENG}} || {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Royal Engineers A.F.C.|Royal Engineers]] || || Awarded a [[Order of the Bath|CB]] and a [[Order of St Michael and St George|CMG]] after [[World War I]] |- | February 12 || [[George Harrison (footballer, born 1892)|George Harrison]] || {{fb|ENG}} || {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Gresley Rovers F.C.|Gresley Rovers]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester Fosse]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Everton F.C.|Everton]]<br>{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Preston North End F.C.|Preston North End]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Blackpool F.C.|Blackpool]] || || |- | February 13 || [[Caius Welcker]] || {{fb|NED}} || {{flagicon|NED}} [[HV & CV Quick|Quick Den Haag]] || || Bronze medalist at the [[Football at the 1908 Summer Olympics|1908 Summer Olympics]] |- | March 15 || [[Julián Ruete]] || {{fb|ESP|1938}} || {{flagicon|ESP|1874}} [[Real Madrid CF|Madrid FC]]<br>{{flagicon|ESP|1874}} [[Athletic Bilbao]]<br>{{flagicon|ESP|1874}} [[Atlético Madrid]] || {{fb|ESP|1874}} || Club president of [[Atlético Madrid]] (1912–1919, 1921–1923) |- | March 28 || [[Fausto dos Santos]] || {{fb|BRA|1889}} || {{flagicon|BRA|1889}} [[Bangu Atlético Clube|Bangu]]<br>{{flagicon|BRA|1889}} [[CR Vasco da Gama|Vasco da Gama]]<br> {{flagicon|ESP|1931}} [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]<br>{{flagicon|URU}} [[Club Nacional de Football|Nacional]]<br>{{flagicon|BRA|1889}} [[CR Flamengo|Flamengo]] || || 2-time [[Campeonato Carioca]] winner (1929, 1934) |- | April 19 || [[Jan de Vries (athlete)|Jan de Vries]] || {{fb|NED}} || {{flagicon|NED}} [[PEC Zwolle]] || || Bronze medalist at the [[Football at the 1920 Summer Olympics|1920 Summer Olympics]]<br>Bronze medalist at the [[Athletics at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 100 metres relay|1924 Summer Olympics (Men's 4 × 100 metres relay)]] |- | April 22 || [[Cesare Grossi]] || {{fb|ITA|1861}} || {{flagicon|ITA|1861}} [[SSC Bari|Bari]] || || |- | April 30 || [[Marcel Triboulet]] || {{fb|FRA|1848b}} || {{flagicon|FRA|1848b}} [[FEC Levallois]]<br>{{flagicon|FRA|1848b}} [[Racing Club de France Football|Racing Club de France]] || || |- | May 16 || [[Juan Montero (footballer)|Juan Montero]] || {{fb|CHI}} || {{flagicon|CHI}} [[Club de Deportes Green Cross|Green Cross]]<br>{{flagicon|CHI}} [[Colo-Colo]] || || [[1937 Primera División de Chile]] winner<br>Played at the [[1937 South American Championship|1937]] and [[1939 South American Championship]]s |- | June 4 || [[Reginald Courtenay Welch]] || {{fb|ENG}} || {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Harrow Chequers F.C.|Old Harrovians/Harrow Chequers]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Wanderers F.C.|The Wanderers]] || || |- | June 5 || [[Charlie Bell (footballer, born 1894)|Charlie Bell]] || {{fb|SCO}} || {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Arsenal F.C.|Woolwich Arsenal]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Chesterfield F.C.|Chesterfield]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Barrow A.F.C.|Barrow]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]] || {{flagicon|POR}} [[Sporting CP]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Wigan Borough F.C.|Wigan Borough]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA|1861}} [[Calcio Padova|Padova]]<br>{{flagicon|FRA|1848b}} [[Olympique de Marseille|Olympique Marseille]]<br>{{flagicon|FRA|1848b}} [[OGC Nice]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[AFC Bournemouth|Bournemouth]] || |- | June 10 || [[František Stehlík]] || {{flag|Austria-Hungary|civil}}<br>{{fb|TCH}} || {{flagicon|TCH}} [[FK Viktoria Žižkov]] || || [[1927–28 Czechoslovak First League]] winner |- | June 11 || [[Curt von Paquet]] || {{fb|GER|1935}} || || || Former [[List of FIFA international referees|FIFA-listed referee]]<br>Refereed the [[1914 German football championship]] final |- | July 3 || [[Hubert Gad]] || {{fb|POL|1928}} || {{flagicon|POL|1928}} [[Śląsk Świętochłowice]] || || Played at the [[Football at the 1936 Summer Olympics|1936 Summer Olympics]] |- |rowspan=2|July 9 || [[George Latham (footballer)|George Latham]] || {{fb|ENG}} || {{flagicon|WAL|1807}} [[Newtown A.F.C.|Newtown]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Stoke City F.C.|Stoke City]]<br>{{flagicon|WAL|1807}} [[Cardiff City F.C.|Cardiff City]] || {{fbo|GBR}} || Awarded the [[Military Cross]] during [[World War I]] |- | [[Juan Pratto]] || {{fb|ARG|1861}} || {{flagicon|ARG|1861}} [[C.A. Huracán|Huracán]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA|1861}} [[Genoa CFC|Genova 1893]] || || [[1928 Argentine Primera División]] winner<br> |- | July 21 || [[Béla Révész]] || {{flag|Austria-Hungary|civil}}<br>{{fb|HUN|1920}} || {{flagicon|Austria-Hungary|civil}} [[MTK Budapest FC|MTK Budapest]] || {{flagicon|ITA|1861}} [[US Alessandria Calcio 1912|Alessandria]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA|1861}} [[ASD HSL Derthona|Derthona]]<br>{{flagicon|GER|1919}} [[Holstein Kiel]]<br>{{flagicon|HUN|1920}} [[MTK Budapest FC|Hungária MTK]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA|1861}} [[US Triestina Calcio 1918|Triestina]]<br>{{flagicon|HUN|1920}} [[III. Kerületi TVE]] || 5-time [[Nemzeti Bajnokság I]] winner<br>4-time [[Magyar Kupa]] winner |- | August 7 || [[Charlie Roberts]] || {{fb|ENG}} || {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Bishop Auckland F.C.|Bishop Auckland]] <br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Grimsby Town F.C.|Grimsby Town]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Oldham Athletic A.F.C.|Oldham Athletic]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[The Football League XI]] || {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Oldham Athletic A.F.C.|Oldham Athletic]] || 2-time [[Football League First Division]] winner ([[1907–08 Football League First Division|1907–08]], [[1910–11 Football League First Division|1910–11]])<br>[[1908–09 FA Cup]] winner<br>Member of the [[English Football Hall of Fame]]<br>Cousin of English footballer [[Harry Hooper (footballer, born 1900)|Harry Hooper]]<br>Uncle of English footballers [[Bill Hooper (English footballer)|Bill]], [[Carl Hooper (footballer)|Carl]], [[Danny Hooper|Danny]], and [[Mark Hooper]]<br>Great-grandfather of English women's footballer [[Lucy Roberts]] |- | August 16 || [[Jack Roscamp]] || {{fb|ENG}} || {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Bradford City A.F.C.|Bradford City]] || {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Shrewsbury Town F.C.|Shrewsbury Town]] || [[1927–28 FA Cup]] winner |- | August 20 || [[Jan Vos (footballer)|Jan Vos]] || {{fb|NED}} || {{flagicon|NED}} [[Sparta Rotterdam]] || {{flagicon|NED}} [[PSV Eindhoven]] || Bronze medalist at the [[Football at the 1912 Summer Olympics|1912 Summer Olympics]] |- | September 23 || [[Jimmy Windridge]] || {{fb|ENG}} || {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Birmingham City F.C.|Small Heath/Birmingham City]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Middlesbrough F.C.|Middlesbrough]] || || Cousin of English footballer and cricketer [[Alex Leake]] |- | September || ''[[Stanisław Ptak]]'' || {{fb|Soviet Union}}<br>({{fb|POL|1928}}) || {{flagicon|POL|1919}}{{flagicon|POL|1928}} [[KS Cracovia]]<br>{{flagicon|POL|1928}} [[Zagłębie Sosnowiec|Unia Sosnowiec]] || || |- | October 14 || [[Óscar Alfaro (footballer)|Óscar Alfaro]] || {{fb|CHI}} || {{flagicon|CHI}} [[San Luis de Quillota]]<br>{{flagicon|CHI}} [[Santiago Wanderers]] || || Played at the [[Football at the 1928 Summer Olympics|1928 Summer Olympics]] |- | October 18 || [[Casemiro do Amaral]] || {{fb|POR}}<br>{{fb|BRA|1889}} || {{flagicon|BRA|1889}} [[America Football Club (Rio de Janeiro)|America]]<br>{{flagicon|BRA|1889}} [[Sport Club Corinthians Paulista|Corinthians]]<br>{{flagicon|BRA|1889}} [[Associação Atlética Mackenzie College|Mackenzie College]] || || Finished third at the [[1916 South American Championship|1916]] and [[1917 South American Championship]]s |- |rowspan=2|October 20 || [[Tom Alexander (footballer)|Tom Alexander]] || {{fb|NIR}} || {{flagicon|NIR}} [[Cliftonville F.C.|Cliftonville]] || || 2-time [[Irish Cup]] winner ([[1896–97 Irish Cup|1896–97]], [[1899–1900 Irish Cup|1899–1900]]) |- | [[Otto Siffling]] || {{fb|GER|1935}} || {{flagicon|GER|1919}}{{flagicon|GER|1933}}{{flagicon|GER|1935}} [[SV Waldhof Mannheim|Waldhof Mannheim]] || || [[1934 German football championship]] top scorer<br>Finished third at the [[1934 FIFA World Cup]] |- | December 8 || [[Robert De Veen]] || {{fb|BEL}} || {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Club Brugge KV|FC Brugeois]] || {{flagicon|FRA|1848b}} [[Lille OSC|Olympique Lillois]]<br>{{flagicon|FRA|1848b}} [[RC Lens|Lens]]<br>{{flagicon|FRA|1848b}} [[FC Nancy]]<br>{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Club Brugge KV|FC Brugeois]] || 2-time [[Belgian Pro League|Belgian First Division]] top scorer ([[1904–05 Belgian First Division|1904–05]], [[1905–06 Belgian First Division|1905–06]])<br>[[1932–33 French Division 1]] winner |- | December 24 || [[Giulio Cederna]] || {{fb|ITA|1861}} || {{flagicon|SUI}} [[FC Winterthur]]<br>{{flagicon|SUI}} [[FC Basel]]<br>{{flagicon|ITA|1861}} [[AC Milan]] || || Father of Italian writer and journalist [[Camilla Cederna]] |- | 1939 || [[William Attrill]] || {{fb|FRA|1848b}} || {{flagicon|FRA|1848b}} [[Standard Athletic Club]] || || [[1894 USFSA Football Championship|1894 French football champion]] |- | 1939 || [[Fred Beardsley]] || {{fb|ENG}} || {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]]<br>{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Arsenal F.C.|Royal Arsenal]] || || |- | 1939 || [[Ramón Eguiazábal]] || {{fb|ESP|1938}} || {{flagicon|ESP|1874}} [[Real Unión]]<br>{{flagicon|ESP|1874}} [[RCD Espanyol|Espanyol]] || || 2-time [[Copa del Ray]] winner ([[1918 Copa del Rey|1918]], [[1924 Copa del Rey|1924]])<br>Silver medalist at the [[Football at the 1920 Summer Olympics|1920 Summer Olympics]] |} ==References== {{reflist}} {{Association football by year}} [[Category:Years in association football| ]] 47wzynxzo7odoclbw7nd7pz0mxtut1e 0 1143157 10367689 10151823 2025-07-02T13:31:37Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10367689 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}} {{Use British English|date=March 2021}} {{Infobox UK Bus | background = | name = Alexander Dennis Enviro200 MMC | image = File:Vehicles in the United Kingdom 212.jpg | caption = A [[Blackpool Transport]] Enviro200 MMC in July 2021 | manufacturer = [[Alexander Dennis]] | production = 2014–present | factory = [[Falkirk]], Scotland<br />[[Scarborough, North Yorkshire|Scarborough]], England | predecessor = [[Alexander Dennis Enviro200]]<br />[[Alexander Dennis Enviro300]] | related = [[Alexander Dennis Enviro200EV]]<br />[[Alexander Dennis Enviro400 MMC]] | capacity = Various, dependent on length and specification | length = {{convert|8.9|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|9.7|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|10.2|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|10.8|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|11.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|11.8|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|12.8|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|2.44|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | height = {{convert|2.86|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | floortype = [[Low-floor bus|Low floor]] | doors = 1 or 2 doors | weight = {{convert|13–14.4|t|abbr=on}} | chassis = Integral | engine = [[Cummins B Series engine|Cummins ISBe]] | powerout = {{convert|140–240|hp|kW|abbr=on}} | transmission = [[Voith]] (2014-)<br />[[Allison Transmission|Allison]], [[ZF Friedrichshafen|ZF]] (2014-2022) }} The '''Alexander Dennis Enviro200 MMC''' (short for ''Major Model Change'') is a [[Single-decker bus|single-decker]] [[bus]]. It has a [[Low floor bus|low floor]]. It has been made from 2014<ref name="New Enviro200 raises the bar and reinforces ADL’s green credentials">{{Cite web|title=New Enviro200 raises the bar and reinforces ADL’s green credentials|url=http://www.alexander-dennis.com/archive-news/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314162342/http://www.alexander-dennis.com/archive-news/|archive-date=14 March 2016|website=Alexander Dennis|quote=Alexander Dennis Limited (ADL) confirmed its position at the forefront of the UK bus manufacturing sector when it unveiled a new-generation vehicle to succeed the world’s best-selling midi bus.|access-date=29 November 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> to the present day. It is built by [[Alexander Dennis]]. == Enviro200 MMC == From 2014<ref name="New Enviro200 raises the bar and reinforces ADL’s green credentials" /> to the present day, Alexander Dennis make a [[Single-decker bus|single-decker]] [[bus]] called the Enviro200 MMC.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jones|first=Stuart|date=12 May 2014|title=An operator’s bus - Alexander Dennis Limited’s new Enviro400|url=https://www.busandcoachbuyer.com/operators-bus/|access-date=20 October 2024|website=Bus & Coach Buyer|language=en-GB}}</ref> The Enviro200 MMC has different lengths, the lengths are; 8.9 [[metre]]s,<ref name="Enviro200MMC Specification">{{Cite web|title=Enviro200 Specification|url=http://www.alexander-dennis.com/wp-content/files_mf/1415203579Enviro200Specification.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324122040/http://www.alexander-dennis.com/wp-content/files_mf/1415203579Enviro200Specification.pdf|archive-date=24 March 2016|website=Alexander Dennis}}</ref> 9.7 metres,<ref name="Enviro200MMC Specification" /> 10.8 metres,<ref name="Enviro200MMC Specification" /> 11.5 metres<ref name="Enviro200MMC Specification" /> and 11.8 metres.<ref name="Enviro200MMC Specification" /> The Enviro200 MMC replaced the [[Enviro300]].<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Izatt|first=Andy|date=11 November 2014|title=Euro 6 Enviro200|url=https://issuu.com/rouncymedia/docs/binder1163_1/18|magazine=Coach & Bus Week|location=Peterborough|issue=1163|pages=18–19|access-date=23 August 2022}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In 2018, It replaced the [[Alexander Dennis Enviro200|Enviro200]]. === Gallery === <gallery widths="190" heights="130" perrow="3"> File:2017 Alexander Dennis Enviro 200 MMC - 52812031128.jpg|[[Arriva London]] Enviro200 MMC in 2023 File:DXE 30286 at Morden Station.jpg|[[RATP Group London]] Enviro200 MMC with double doors (doors in the middle) in [[London]] in 2024 File:Exeter Bampfylde Street - Stagecoach 37440 (SN16ORX) rear.JPG|[[Stagecoach South West]] Enviro200 MMC rear in 2019 File:2501 NWFB 63 03-09-2018.jpg|[[New World First Bus]] Enviro200 MMC with [[Air conditioning|air-conditioning]] in [[Hong Kong]] in 2018 File:Enviro200-BusExpo2016-P1390377 (30138343813).jpg|[[Trentbarton]] Enviro200 MMC at the Euro Bus Expo in 2016 </gallery> == Enviro200 XLB == In 2017,<ref name="Enviro200XLB ADL">{{Cite web|last=Baguette|first=Stefan|date=4 October 2018|title=Enviro200XLB single deck buses to join Enviro500 double deckers in Birkenhead Transport’s fleet|url=https://www.alexander-dennis.com/enviro200xlb-single-deck-buses-to-join-enviro500-double-deckers-in-birkenhead-transports-fleet/|access-date=29 November 2024|website=Alexander Dennis|language=en-US}}</ref> Alexander Dennis made a 3-[[axle]] bus called the Enviro200 XLB,<ref name="Enviro200XLB ADL" /> It was made for the [[New Zealand]] market.<ref name="Enviro200XLB ADL" /> [[Ritchies Transport]] ordered twenty-eight Enviro200 XLBs, and [[Birkenhead Transport (New Zealand)|Birkenhead Transport]] ordered twenty-five Enviro200 XLBs.<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 October 2017|title=Enviro200XLB Single Decks to Join Enviro500s Double Decks in Birkenhead Transport’s Fleet|url=http://www.alexander-dennis.com/news/enviro200xlb-single-decks-to-join-enviro500s-double-decks-in-birkenhead-transports-fleet/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012214347/http://www.alexander-dennis.com/news/enviro200xlb-single-decks-to-join-enviro500s-double-decks-in-birkenhead-transports-fleet/|archive-date=12 October 2017|access-date=20 August 2021|website=Alexander Dennis}}</ref> === Gallery === <gallery widths="190" heights="130" perrow="3"> File:RT1098.jpg|[[Ritchies Transport]] Enviro200XLB at Constellation bus station in 2017 File:Auckland School Bus 075.jpg|Ritchies Transport Enviro200XLB in November 2023 </gallery> == Enviro200AV == From 2019<ref name="UK’s first full-sized autonomous bus begins depot trials ADL">{{Cite web|last=Baguette|first=Stefan|date=18 March 2019|title=UK’s first full-sized autonomous bus begins depot trials|url=https://www.alexander-dennis.com/uks-first-full-sized-autonomous-bus-begins-depot-trials/|access-date=29 November 2024|website=Alexander Dennis|language=en-US}}</ref> to the present day, Alexander Dennis make a [[Vehicular automation|driverless bus]] called the Enviro200AV In 2019,<ref name="UK’s first full-sized autonomous bus begins depot trials ADL" /> Alexander Dennis made a Enviro200 MMC [[Autonomous vehicle|autonomous]] bus with driverless software. It was tested at [[Stagecoach Manchester]]'s [[Sharston]] [[Bus garage|bus depot]],<ref name="Enviro200AV railwaygazette">{{Cite web|title=Autonomous bus rides in Manchester|url=https://www.railwaygazette.com/technology-data-and-business/autonomous-bus-rides-in-manchester/48222.article|access-date=20 October 2024|website=Railway Gazette International|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=18 March 2019|title=UK'S FIRST AUTONOMOUS BUS BEGINS DEPOT TRIALS|url=https://media.stagecoachgroup.com/news/uks-first-autonomous-bus-begins-depot-trials|access-date=20 October 2024|website=Stagecoach Group News for Media and Press|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=19 March 2019|title=UK's first driverless bus trialled in Manchester|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/driverless-bus-stagecoach-trial-manchester-technology-sensors-a8829741.html|url-access=limited|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190319134058/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/driverless-bus-stagecoach-trial-manchester-technology-sensors-a8829741.html|archive-date=19 March 2019|website=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> It did tasks such as driving to the bus washing station,<ref name="Enviro200AV railwaygazette" /> driving to a petrol pump in the depot and then parking up at a parking space in the depot on its own.<ref name="Enviro200AV railwaygazette" /> After this test Alexander Dennis called the bus the '''Enviro200AV''' (short for ''Autonomous Vehicle''). In 2023,<ref name="Enviro200AV sustainable-bus" /> [[Stagecoach East Scotland]] ordered five Enviro200AVs for a [[Park and ride|park-and-ride]] route across the [[Forth Road Bridge]].<ref name="Enviro200AV sustainable-bus">{{Cite web|date=12 May 2023|title=CAVForth autonomous bus service launched in Scotland with Alexander Dennis Enviro200AV fleet|url=https://www.sustainable-bus.com/news/scotland-cavforth-autonomous-bus-project-stagecoach/|access-date=20 October 2024|website=Sustainable Bus|language=en-US}}</ref> It starts from Ferrytoll and ends at [[Edinburgh Park station]].<ref name="Enviro200AV sustainable-bus" /><ref>{{Cite news|date=22 November 2018|title=First driverless Edinburgh to Fife bus trial announced|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-46309121}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Deakin|first=Tim|date=4 April 2023|title=CAVForth autonomous service to commence on 15 May|url=https://www.route-one.net/news/cavforth-autonomous-service-to-commence-on-15-may/|access-date=4 April 2023|work=routeone}}</ref> The bus has 'safety drivers' who are in the drivers cab, they monitor the driverless technology and can still control the bus.<ref name="Enviro200AV cbwmagazine">{{cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.-->|date=26 April 2022|title=Stagecoach autonomous bus begins on-road testing|work=Coach & Bus Week|location=Peterborough|url=https://cbwmagazine.com/stagecoach-autonomous-bus-begins-on-road-testing/|access-date=26 April 2022}}</ref> The bus also has 'bus captains', they help passengers getting on and off the bus.<ref name="Enviro200AV cbwmagazine" /> One Stagecoach Enviro200AV was exported to [[Dubai]] for trials with [[Roads and Transport Authority (Dubai)|Roads and Transport Authority]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Halford|first=Paul|date=14 July 2023|title=ADL taking part in global autonomous transport contest|url=https://www.route-one.net/news/adl-taking-part-in-global-autonomous-transport-contest/|access-date=20 October 2024|website=routeone|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Peat|first=Chris|date=14 July 2023|title=Autonomous Enviro200AV completes Dubai World Challenge testing|url=https://www.busandcoachbuyer.com/autonomous-enviro200av-completes-dubai-world-challenge-testing/|access-date=20 October 2024|website=Bus & Coach Buyer|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Millar|first=Alan|date=10 June 2023|title=Bridge to the future|url=https://www.keybuses.com/article/bridge-future|magazine=Buses|location=Stamford|publisher=Key Publishing|issue=820|pages=28–32|access-date=5 July 2023|url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Gallery === <gallery widths="190" heights="130" perrow="3"> File:Stagecoach autonomous E200 MMC trial.jpg|[[Stagecoach Manchester]] Enviro200AV in 2019 File:Stagecoach Autonomous Bus (62003, YX69 NUP) at Edinburgh Park.jpg|[[Stagecoach East Scotland]] Enviro200AV at Edinburgh Park in 2023 File:Stagecoach - Autonomous Bus - Jun 13, 2022.jpg|[[Stagecoach East Scotland]] Enviro200AV rear [[prototype]] at Edinburgh Park in 2022 </gallery> == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == {{commons category-inline|Alexander Dennis Enviro200 MMC}} *[https://www.alexander-dennis.com/buses-coaches/enviro200/ Enviro200 MMC online product description] {{Alexander Dennis|state=collapsed}} [[Category:Alexander Dennis buses|Enviro200 MMC]] rgh656xfe4k6g8gbcqxauniqk0wy3hg 0 1143227 10368548 10367502 2025-07-03T00:13:23Z GeorgeDroyd 1626532 /* Cultural and social context */ 10368548 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Refimprove|date=March 2025}} [[File:Facesitting9.jpg|thumb|[[Facesitting]], specifically face-farting, is a common practice used by those with eproctophilia in which the [[BDSM|dominant]] [[Sexual partner|partner]] sits on the submissive [[victim]] and expels gas directly onto their [[ear]], [[mouth]], [[nose]], or [[tongue]].<ref>{{cite web | last = Griffiths | first = Mark | year = 2012 | title = Farting company: The strange world of eproctophilia | url = https://drmarkgriffiths.wordpress.com/2012/05/11/farting-company-the-strange-world-of-eproctophilia/ | website = drmarkgriffiths.wordpress.com | access-date = 12 April 2025 }}</ref>|155x155px]] A '''fart fetish''', also known as '''eproctophilia,''' is a [[paraphilia]] in which a person becomes [[Arousal|sexually aroused]] by the [[sound]], [[Odor|smell]], or act of [[farting]]. People with this fetish may also become aroused by the [[idea]] of another person farting or farting themselves, the sensation of a fart caressing their [[skin]], or any combination of these. They often incorporate farts into their [[sexual|sexual experiences]], examples being when a [[dominatrix]] farts on a [[Male submission|submissive man]]'s [[Human penis|penis]] or when a dominant man farts on a [[Female submission|submissive woman]]'s [[vagina]]. ==Etymology== The [[neologism]] ''eproctophilia'' is formed from three parts: * [[Latin]] [[prefix]] ''e-'' – a formative element (here serving to link the root and [[suffix]]) * [[Ancient Greece|Ancient]] [[Greek language|Greek]] [[noun]] ''πρωκτός'' (prōktós) – “[[anus]]” * Greek suffix ''-φιλία'' (-philia) – “[[love]]” or “affection” Etymologically, ''eproctophilia'' means “love of the anus”. However, in its actual usage it denotes a paraphilic interest in flatulence rather than an attraction to the anatomical anus per se. The term was coined by the sexologist Brenda J. Love in her 1992 ''Encyclopedia of Unusual Sex Practices.'' ==Characteristics== For an eproctolagniac (a person who suffers from fart fetishism), some points of attraction include the smell, sound, and the [[time|duration]] of the fart.<ref>{{cite web | title=Theoretical Psychology with a Focus on Sexology: Attractiveness Research in Eproctophilia | url=https://www.booksie.com/657260-theoretical-psychology-with-a-focus-on-sexology-lecture-attractiveness-research-in-eproctophilia | access-date=2 June 2025 }}</ref> For example, one eproctolagniac reported a preference for protracted, acrid, sulfurous, deep-bubbling farts that emanated through fabric.<ref name="Griffiths2013">{{cite journal | last = Griffiths | first = Mark | title = Eproctophilia in a young adult male: A case study | journal = Archives of Sexual Behavior | year = 2013 | volume = 42 | issue = 4 | pages = 847–849 | doi = 10.1007/s10508-013-0105-9 | pmid = 23408258 }}</ref> Most eproctolagniacs are more aroused by the person farting, rather than by the farts themselves.<ref>{{cite web | last = Griffiths | first = Mark D. | title = Kick-Gas 2: Another look at eproctophilia | url = https://drmarkgriffiths.wordpress.com/2013/08/02/kick-gas-2-another-look-at-eproctophilia/ | website = Dr Mark Griffiths' blog | date = 2 August 2013 | access-date = 1 June 2025 }}</ref> This may include an attraction to the visual appeal of the buttocks, the anus, or both, given that flatulence is expelled from that region of the body. Every individual has a unique gut microbiota profile and may have a unique fart signature.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Browne | first1 = H. P. | last2 = Forster | first2 = S. C. | last3 = Anonye | first3 = B. O. | last4 = Kumar | first4 = N. | last5 = Neville | first5 = B. A. | last6 = Stares | first6 = M. D. | last7 = Goulding | first7 = D. | last8 = Holt | first8 = L. | last9 = Lawley | first9 = T. D. | title = Culturing of ‘unculturable’ human microbiota reveals novel taxa and extensive sporulation | journal = Nature | volume = 533 | pages = 543–546 | year = 2016 | doi = 10.1038/nature17645 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Snyder |first=Michael |title=Our bacteria are more personal than we thought, Stanford Medicine-led study shows |website=Stanford Medicine News Center |date=March 12, 2024 |url=https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2024/03/personal-microbiome.html |access-date=June 17, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Martinez-Lozano Sinues |first1=Pablo |last2=Kohler |first2=Malcolm |last3=Zenobi |first3=Renato |date=2013-04-03 |title=Human breath analysis may support the existence of individual metabolic phenotypes |journal=PLoS One |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=e59909 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0059909 |pmid=23573221 |pmc=PMC3616042 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23573221/ |access-date=2025-06-17 }}</ref> This implies that eproctolagniacs may experience uniquely tailored arousal responses tied to each individual's unique fart scent. Fart fetishism may also serve as a means of [[masochism|sadomasochism]] and [[humiliation]].<ref>{{cite book | last = DiClaudio | first = Dennis | title = The Deviant’s Pocket Guide to the Outlandish Sexual Desires Barely Contained in Your Subconscious | publisher = becker&mayer! Books | year = 2019 | location = United States | page = 46 | url = https://www.google.com/books?id=PlnBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA46 | access-date=29 June 2025 | quote = Eproctophilia… may be a form of sadomasochism. It is generally believed that it derives from a desire to debase or to be debased on some level. Certainly there is an element of humiliation involved. }}</ref> It is a common form of olfactophilia (odor fetishism).<ref name="Joel2024">{{cite web | last = de Blonk | first = Joel | title = Farting Fetish Ranks Second Most Popular Worldwide | website = Y94 | date = 11 June 2024 | url = https://y94.com/2024/06/11/farting-fetish-ranks-second-most-popular-worldwide/ | access-date = 5 June 2025 }}</ref> The fetish can vary greatly. Some eproctolagniacs may be attracted to the art of farting in private or [[public]] settings. In contrast, others may [[Happiness|enjoy]] the [[Social interaction|interaction]] between other [[Partnership|partners]] who fart or [[talk]] about farts in a sexual context. [[Anilingus]] may be carried out with an act of farting straight into the mouth of the receiving partner. Eproctolagniacs may enjoy the "Dutch oven", where a fart is released under a shared blanket to trap the smell<ref>"If you happen to be in bed sleeping with someone, what you do is drop the nastiest, juiciest broccoli fart under the covers. Then while your partner is still sleeping, lift the covers over her head and then wait until the fart dissipates." Maddox. ''[[iarchive:alphabetofmanlin00madd|The Alphabet of Manliness]].'' Citadel Press, 2006 {{ISBN|0-8065-2720-X}}, 978-0-8065-2720-8, 204 pages p.66</ref> and increase olfactophilic arousal.<ref>{{cite book | last = Vigorito | first = Tony | title = Nine Kinds of Naked | publisher = Houghton Miflin Harcourt | year = 2015 | location = United States | page = 267 | url = https://www.google.com/books?id=7ct1BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA267 | access-date=29 June 2025 | quote = Eproctophilia, flatulent affection. It happens, apparently. I didn't invent it, fer chrissakes, and I don't think the Dutch invented it either, but what the hell do I know? But listen, swapping repugnancies is not my point. My quodlibet is this: The Dutch oven is society, holding a security blanket over our heads and suffocating us with the foul winds of false confidence. And society, of course, society is none other than we the people. So essentially, we fart in our own face. }}</ref> Farting can be considered a form of positive alliesthesia, in which pleasure comes from relieving [[gastrointestinal]] discomfort. The human anus has a relatively high density of sensory innervation<ref>{{cite web | author1 = Ahmed, A. | author2 = Arbor, T. C. | author3 = Qureshi, W. A. | title = Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis: Anal Canal | website = StatPearls [Internet] | publisher = StatPearls Publishing | location = Treasure Island (FL) | date = 2023-05-22 | access-date = 2025-06-26 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554531/ }}</ref> and may be considered an erogenous zone by eproctolagniacs from flatulating. They may sometimes deliberately consume prebiotics (such as inulin powder), sugar free candies (with maltitol or sorbitol), and a high-FODMAP diet, or practice aerophagia to produce more intestinal gas. Eproctolagniacs often prefer natural farts that come from digestion over farts created by pumping air into the body or [[Vaginal flatulence|queefs]].<ref name="Samantha">{{cite web | last = Cole | first = Samantha | date = 2024-08-09 | title = Taking a Long, Deep Sniff of Fart Porn | website = VICE | url = https://www.vice.com/en/article/taking-a-long-deep-sniff-of-fart-porn/ | access-date = 2025-04-12 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Barrett-Ibarria |first1=Sofia |date=2018-04-03 |title=The Women Who Fart — And the Men Who Watch |website=MEL Magazine |publisher=Medium |url=https://medium.com/mel-magazine/the-women-who-fart-and-the-men-who-watch-5247a9fffcd |access-date=2025-06-22 }}</ref> However, some may be permissive because they prefer hearing farts (or approximations) over smelling them. Some may like seeing a visual aspect of flatulence, such as observing flatulence underwater<ref name="Queen">{{cite web | last = Stone | first = Lillian | date = October 22, 2020 | title = The Gassy Queens of OnlyFans | website = MEL Magazine | url = https://melmagazine.com/en-us/story/fart-fetish-girls-farting-onlyfans-reddit | access-date = June 25, 2025 }}</ref> or witnessing the dispersal of baby powder during emission. A few may derive intense [[pleasure]] from using public [[restrooms]] due to the [[Sensory system|sensual]] [[Stimulus (psychology)|stimuli]]. This behavior is a subset of erotic relieving observance, may be considered [[voyeurism]], and can result in legal consequences.<ref>{{cite web | title = Commonwealth v. Yannuzzi | url = https://law.justia.com/cases/pennsylvania/superior-court/2021/167-eda-2021.html | website = Justia Law | publisher = Pennsylvania Superior Court | date = 10 December 2021 | access-date = 30 June 2025 }}</ref> ==Prevalence== Eproctophilia is considered very rare, and [[Empiricism|empirical]] [[data]] on its prevalence is limited. It may be more common in [[men]] than in [[women]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dawson |first=Sarah J. |last2=Bannerman |first2=Bradley A. |last3=Lalumière |first3=Martin L. |title=Paraphilic Interests: An Examination of Sex Differences in a Nonclinical Sample |journal=Sexual Abuse |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=20–45 |date=February 2016 |doi=10.1177/1079063214525645 |pmid=24633420 |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063214525645}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/paraphilias-overview | title = Paraphilias | agency = WebMD LLC | publisher = WebMD LLC | date = 10 November 2024 | access-date = 13 April 2025 }}</ref> In a representative survey of 1,040 adults in [[Quebec]], 15.9 percent of respondents indicated an interest in fetishistic behaviors.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Joyal |first1=Christian C. |last2=Carpentier |first2=Julie |title=The Prevalence of Paraphilic Interests and Behaviors in the General Population: A Provincial Survey |journal=The Journal of Sex Research |year=2017 |volume=54 |issue=2 |pages=161–171 |doi=10.1080/00224499.2016.1139034 |pmid=26941021 }}</ref> According to an informal survey of 1,000 adults, approximately 11 percent of male respondents reported being attracted to their partner's flatulence, compared to 3 percent of female respondents who expressed similar attraction.<ref>{{cite web | last = Taylor | first = Jordyn | title = Here’s How Many People Get Turned on By Their Partners’ Farts | url = https://www.menshealth.com/sex-women/a23451412/farting-pooping-in-a-relationship/ | website = Men’s Health | publisher = Hearst Magazines, Inc. | date = September 25, 2018 | access-date = June 22, 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://thebeatva.iheart.com/content/2018-09-27-is-your-partner-turned-on-by-your-farts/ |title=Is Your Partner Turned On By Your Farts |author=Jrod |date=27 September 2018 |website=92.1 The Beat |publisher=iHeartMedia |access-date=22 June 2025 }}</ref> These surveys could suggest fart fetishism is more common; however, there are no direct prevalence estimates for eproctophilia alone. ===Online popularity=== Analyses of user activity on major adult-content platforms indicate that eproctophilia ranks prominently among fetish categories. On clips4sale, an established fetish porn site, flatulence fetishism is the second most prevalent category on a global scale.<ref>{{cite web | author = Nicole | title = ‘Farts’ Quickly Rising to the Top of Global Market | website = Clips4Sale Blog | date = 5 June 2024 | url = https://blog.clips4sale.com/b/farts-quickly-rising-to-the-top-of-global-market/ | access-date = 27 June 2025 }}</ref><ref name="DailyStar2024">{{cite web | title = Kinky Brits love 'sweet smell of success' as farting becomes UK's top fetish | website = Daily Star | date = June 7, 2024 | url = https://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/weird-news/kinky-brits-love-sweet-smell-32979570 | access-date = June 26, 2025 }}</ref><ref name="CosmoFetish2024">Engle, Gigi (12 July 2024). [https://web.archive.org/web/20240715074042/https://www.cosmopolitan.com/sex-love/a61583448/fart-fetish/"Wait, What’s a Fart Fetish? Flatulence is in, my friends."] ''Cosmopolitan''. Hearst. Retrieved 25 June 2025.</ref><ref name="Munger2024">{{cite web | last = Munger | first = Brian | title = Fart Fetishes Lingering Toward Mainstream Popularity? | website = Medium | publisher = The Pub | date = June 9, 2024 | url = https://medium.com/the-pub/fart-fetishes-lingering-toward-mainstream-popularity-72fb60c0cc51 | access-date = June 25, 2025 }}</ref> [[Pornhub]] has a dedicated genre to flatulence videos and has more than 15,000 videos.<ref>{{cite web | last = Pradeep | first = Malavika | title = Introducing the ‘gastronomical’ world of fart fetishes and why some people are into it | website = SCREENSHOT Media | publisher = SCREENSHOT Media Group | date = 2021-05-21 | url = https://screenshot-media.com/culture/internet-culture/fart-fetish/ | access-date = 2025-06-26 }}</ref><ref name="Queen"></ref> The 2016 Pornhub Year in Review revealed that searches in [[Brazil]] and the [[Netherlands]] for "fart" content surged by 108 percent and 126 percent respectively compared to the previous year.<ref name="PornhubInsights2016">{{cite web | title = Pornhub’s 2016 Year in Review | website = Pornhub Insights | publisher = Pornhub | date = 2017 | url = https://www.pornhub.com/insights/2016-year-in-review | access-date = June 25, 2025 }}</ref><ref name="EproctophiliaOrg">{{cite web | title = Eproctophilia.org: Is there any other data or statistics on eproctophilia? | website = Eproctophilia.org | publisher = Eproctophilia.org | url = https://eproctophilia.org/index.html | access-date = June 25, 2025 }}</ref> Nonetheless, the online popularity of fart porn does not reflect the actual prevalence of eproctophilia. Some people may watch it out of [[curiosity]], but that doesn't mean they have a fart fetish. ==Causes== Some experts believe this behaviour may be [[Causality|caused]] by [[Psychological trauma|traumatic]] [[childhood]] experiences alongside behavioural conditioning.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Longpré | first = Nicholas | last2 = Burdis Galiano | first2 = Courtney | last3 = Guay | first3 = Jean-Pierre | year = 2022 | title = The impact of childhood trauma, personality, and sexuality on the development of paraphilias | journal = Journal of Criminal Justice | volume = 82 | doi = 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2022.101981 | issn = 0047-2352 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Eproctophilia: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment | date = 2019-06-02 | website = Drugstore Online – RXShop.Md | url = https://www.rxshop.md/articles/2019/eproctophilia-symptoms-causes-and-treatment/ | access-date = 2025-03-23 }}</ref> For example, if the sound or smell of farts is consistently paired with sexual arousal at a presumably young age, then it can form a [[neuron|neural]] pathway where farting can become a trigger for sexual excitement on its own through [[classical conditioning]], especially when such experiences coincide with psychosocial stressors during formative years. Some [[Psychology|psychological]] fixations, possibly related to the contested [[anal stage|anal stage of psychosexual development]] (ages 1-3) as proposed by [[Sigmund Freud]], may contribute to the emergence of eproctophilia. Freud categorized fart humour as a means of expressing repressed anal-erotic desires, viewing it as predominantly sexual and aggressive in its intention.<ref>{{cite book | last = Freud | first = Sigmund | translator = Brill, A. A. | title = ''Wit and Its Relation to the Unconscious'' | year = 1905 | publisher = Moffat, Yard and Co. | location = New York | url = https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/75915 | access-date = June 22, 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Blank | first1 = Trevor J. | title = Cheeky Behavior: The Meaning and Function of ‘Fartlore’ in Childhood and Adolescence | journal = Children’s Folklore Review | volume = 32 | year = 2010 | pages = 11 | url = https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/cfr/article/view/25085/30962 | access-date = June 22, 2025 }}</ref> Some people argue that flatulence violates the norms of decorum and modesty, which can paradoxically repel and attract one.<ref>van Dongen, E. (2001). "[https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860120064952 It isn't something to yodel about, but it exists! Faeces, nurses, social relations and status within a mental hospital]." Aging & Mental Health. 5 (3): 205–215. doi:10.1080/13607860120064952. PMID 11575059.</ref><ref>Lunceford, Brett (1 October 2013). "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261707609_The_Real_Consequences_of_Imaginary_Sex_Acts The Real Consequences of Imaginary Sex Acts]." Etc.; a review of general semantics. 70: 405–433. Retrieved 24 June 2025.</ref><ref>Paasonen, Susanna (2011). "[https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262016315.001.0001 Carnal Resonance: Affect and Online Pornography]." Cambridge, MA: MIT Press (online edn, MIT Press Scholarship Online, 22 Aug. 2013). Accessed 24 June 2025.</ref> Flatulence is occasionally incorporated into sex scenes in films and media as a form of comedic relief,<ref name="Rosewarne2013">{{cite book | last = Rosewarne | first = Lauren | title = ''American Taboo: The Forbidden Words, Unspoken Rules, and Secret Morality of Popular Culture'' | date = 13 August 2013 | publisher = ABC‑CLIO | location = Santa Barbara, California | pages = 48–49 | isbn = 9780313399336 | lccn = 2013011452 | url = https://www.google.com/books/edition/American_Taboo/qg7IEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA1958 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Halperin | first = Moze | date = January 27, 2016 | title = The Rich and Evolving History of Onscreen Farts | url = https://www.flavorwire.com/557903/the-rich-and-evolving-history-of-onscreen-farts | website = Flavorwire | publisher = BDG | access-date = June 23, 2025 }}</ref> which may contribute to maladaptive learned association at an early age. More generally, some anecdotes from eproctolagniacs attribute their eproctophilic [[Imprinting (ethology)|imprint]] to the prevalence of flatulence humour and softcore flatulence-based depictions in media (e.g., gross-out humour in cartoons or comics<ref>{{cite news | last = Sparks | first = Hannah | date = 2024-11-10 | title = I’m a sexual perversion expert - these are the weirdest fetishes I’ve ever studied | newspaper = New York Post | url = https://nypost.com/2024/11/10/lifestyle/sexual-perversion-expert-reveals-the-weirdest-fetishes-studied/ | access-date = 2025-04-12 }}</ref>).<ref name="Samantha"></ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Morrison | first = Quinn | title = We Could Be The New Wind! | url = https://www.vice.com/en/article/farts-v14n9/ | website = VICE | date = September 1, 2007 | access-date = June 22, 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Viney | first = Joseph | title = Having a Gas With Eproctophiliacs | website = SexTech | date = 4 April 2015 | url = https://sextech.com/uncategorized/having-a-gas-with-eproctophiliacs/ | access-date = 26 June 2025 }}</ref> Excess exposure to titillating flatulence-based humor [[videos]] or flatulence-specific [[pornography]] prior to the acquisition of appropriate sexual and arousal education may inadvertently contribute to the development of eproctophilia and possibly make flatulence the main aphrodisiac for some eproctolagniacs.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Gassó | first1 = A. M. | last2 = Bruch-Granados | first2 = A. | title = Psychological and Forensic Challenges Regarding Youth Consumption of Pornography: A Narrative Review | journal = Adolescents | volume = 1 | issue = 2 | pages = 108–122 | year = 2021 | doi = 10.3390/adolescents1020009 | url = https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7051/1/2/9 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Attila | first1 = F. L. | last2 = Owusu | first2 = F. | last3 = Agyei-Sarpong | first3 = K. | last4 = Donkoh | first4 = H. | title = Adolescence and Sex Education: Socio-Cultural and Psycho-Theoretical Perspectives | journal = Mediterranean Journal of Social & Behavioral Research | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | pages = 43–49 | year = 2023 | doi = 10.30935/mjosbr/12801 | url = https://www.mjosbr.com/download/adolescence-and-sex-education-socio-cultural-and-psycho-theoretical-perspectives-12801.pdf }}</ref> If farts are among the first sexual experiences, the concomitant upregulation of ΔFosB expression and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)‑mediated synaptic plasticity may consolidate fundamental eproctophilic neural pathways.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Quintana | first1 = GR | last2 = Mac Cionnaith | first2 = CE | last3 = Pfaus | first3 = JG | title = Behavioral, Neural, and Molecular Mechanisms of Conditioned Mate Preference: The Role of Opioids and First Experiences of Sexual Reward | journal = Int. J. Mol. Sci. | date = 2022-08-10 | volume = 23 | issue = 16 | pages = 8928 | doi = 10.3390/ijms23168928 | pmid = 36012194 | pmc = 9409009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Greenhill |first=Richard |date=2018-03-01 |title=Meet the Men Who Have a Fart Fetish |website=VICE |publisher=VICE Digital Publishing, LLC |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/meet-the-men-who-have-a-fart-fetish |access-date=2025-06-21 }}</ref> Sexual arousal suppresses [[disgust]],<ref name="Oaten2019">{{cite journal | last1 = Oaten | first1 = M | last2 = Stevenson | first2 = RJ | last3 = Tapp | first3 = C | last4 = Case | first4 = TI | last5 = Cousins | first5 = A | title = The Role of Disgust in Male Sexual Decision‑Making | journal = Frontiers in Psychology | year = 2019 | volume = 9 | pages = 2602 | doi = 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02602 | pmid = 30723444 | pmc = 6350445 }}</ref><ref name="Fleischman2015">{{cite journal | last1 = Fleischman | first1 = DS | last2 = Hamilton | first2 = LD | last3 = Fessler | first3 = DM | last4 = Meston | first4 = CM | title = Disgust versus Lust: Exploring the Interactions of Disgust and Fear with Sexual Arousal in Women | journal = PLoS ONE | year = 2015 | volume = 10 | issue = 6 | pages = e0118151 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0118151 | pmid = 26106894 | pmc = 4479551 }}</ref> which can facilitate the learned association between flatulence and sexual gratification. Postorgasmic shame or disgust (if present<ref name="DisgustScale1994">{{cite journal | last1 = Haidt | first1 = Jonathan | last2 = McCauley | first2 = Christina | last3 = Rozin | first3 = Paul | year = 1994 | title = Individual differences in sensitivity to disgust: A scale sampling seven domains of disgust elicitors | journal = Personality and Individual Differences | volume = 16 | issue = 5 | pages = 701–713 | doi = 10.1016/0191-8869(94)90212-7 | url = https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1994-39581-001 | accessdate = June 25, 2025 }}</ref>) can activate the amygdala, which then modulates memory-storage processes in hippocampus and related structures,<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = McGaugh | first1 = JL | last2 = Cahill | first2 = L | last3 = Roozendaal | first3 = B | title = Involvement of the amygdala in memory storage: interaction with other brain systems | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | date = 1996-11-26 | volume = 93 | issue = 24 | pages = 13508–13514 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.93.24.13508 | pmid = 8942964 | pmc = 33638 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Croucher | first1 = CJ | last2 = Calder | first2 = AJ | last3 = Ramponi | first3 = C | last4 = Barnard | first4 = PJ | last5 = Murphy | first5 = FC | title = Disgust enhances the recollection of negative emotional images | journal = PLoS One | date = 2011-11-16 | volume = 6 | issue = 11 | pages = e26571 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0026571 | pmid = 22110588 | pmc = 3217922 }}</ref> strengthening the fetish imprint. Neural circuits established during early development remain latent until the pubertal surge of testosterone which activates and consolidates sexual pathways,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sisk |first1=CL |last2=Zehr |first2=JL |title=Pubertal hormones organize the adolescent brain and behavior |journal=Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology |year=2005 |volume=26 |issue=3–4 |pages=163–174 |doi=10.1016/j.yfrne.2005.10.003 |pmid=16309736 }}</ref> including imprinted paraphilic ones if reinforced through [[operant conditioning]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jordan |first1=K |last2=Fromberger |first2=P |last3=Stolpmann |first3=G |last4=Muller |first4=JL |title=The role of testosterone in sexuality and paraphilia - A neurobiological approach. Part I: testosterone and sexuality |journal=The Journal of Sexual Medicine |year=2011 |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=2993-3007 |doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02394.x |pmid=21810181 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tenbergen |first1=Gilian |last2=Wittfoth |first2=Matthias |last3=Frieling |first3=Helge |last4=Ponseti |first4=Jorge |last5=Walter |first5=Martin |last6=Walter |first6=Henrik |last7=Beier |first7=Klaus M. |last8=Schiffer |first8=Boris |last9=Kruger |first9=Tillmann H. C. |title=The Neurobiology and Psychology of Pedophilia: Recent Advances and Challenges |journal=Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |date=2015 |volume=9 |doi=10.3389/fnhum.2015.00344 |issn=1662-5161 |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/human-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00344 }}</ref> Paraphilias have been observed to cluster within families heterogeneously, suggesting a potential familial psychosocial transmission of paraphilias.<ref name="Labelle2012">{{cite journal | last1 = Labelle | first1 = A | last2 = Bourget | first2 = D | last3 = Bradford | first3 = JM | last4 = Alda | first4 = M | last5 = Tessier | first5 = P | title = Familial paraphilia: a pilot study with the construction of genograms | journal = ISRN Psychiatry | date = 2012-03-04 | volume = 2012 | pages = 692813 | doi = 10.5402/2012/692813 | pmid = 23738209 | pmc = 3658696 }}</ref> A portion of eproctolagniacs may have neurobiological differences,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jordan |first=Kirsten |last2=Fromberger |first2=Peter |last3=Stolpmann |first3=Georg |last4=Müller |first4=Jürgen Leo |title=The role of testosterone in sexuality and paraphilia—A neurobiological approach. Part II: testosterone and paraphilia |journal=J Sex Med |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=3008–3029 |year=2011 |doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02393.x |pmid=21797985}}</ref> such as differences in [[brain]] structure or function.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jordan |first=Konrad |last2=Lücker |first2=Erik |last3=Pietrzyk |first3=Ulrike |chapter=Structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging in assessing sexual preference |editor-last=Thienel |editor-first=Boris |editor-last2=Crépault |editor-first2=Antoine |title=Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences |volume=32 |pages=163–182 |publisher=Springer |year=2017 |doi=10.1007/7854_2016_58}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Eproctophilia: What It Is, Symptoms, Causes and Treatment |url=https://psychologyfor.com/eproctophilia-what-it-is-symptoms-causes-and-treatment/ |website=Psychology For |date=August 2024 |access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> A study of paraphilic individuals revealed elevated levels of central monamines including [[dopamine]], [[serotonin]], and norepinephrine, along with decreased levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in [[urine]], a principal dopamine metabolite. These suggest neurochemical dysregulation of sexual reward/impulse circuits in paraphilics.<ref name="Kamenskov2019">{{cite journal | last1 = Kamenskov | first1 = M. Yu. | last2 = Gurina | first2 = O. I. | title = Neurotransmitter mechanisms of paraphilic disorders | journal = Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S. S. Korsakova | language = Russian | year = 2019 | volume = 119 | issue = 8 | pages = 61–67 | doi = 10.17116/jnevro201911908161 | pmid = 31626172 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vander Molen |first1=Lauryn |last2=Ronis |first2=Scott T. |last3=Benoit |first3=Aryn A. |title=Paraphilic Interests Versus Behaviors: Factors that Distinguish Individuals Who Act on Paraphilic Interests From Individuals Who Refrain |journal=Sexual Abuse |date=June 2023 |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=403–427 |doi=10.1177/10790632221108949 |pmid=35699951 |pmc=10189825 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10189825/ |access-date=29 June 2025}}</ref> The [[taboo|taboos]] and [[social stigma]] may contribute to the development of the fetish for some individuals through abjection. Some eproctolagniacs espouse the act of cathartic farting to be seen as an act of [[intimacy]] and breaking down barriers.<ref name="Griffiths2013"></ref> Eric Jones suggests that some eproctolagniacs may be socially ostracized and use flatulence as an alternate means of achieving emotional intimacy.<ref>{{cite thesis | last = Jones | first = Eric | title = Sexual Paraphilias as an Alternative Route to Emotional Intimacy | type = Doctoral dissertation | institution = Alliant International University | location = Irvine, California | year = 2018 | page = 5–6 | url = https://www.proquest.com/openview/e91f19c46eb5a742dd13c0c6cc83cf24/1 | access-date = 29 June 2025 }}</ref> A small informal convenience survey of young adults found that approximately 29 percent of respondents felt comfortable farting in front of their romantic partner between two and six months into the relationship,<ref name="Hakala2016">{{cite web | last = Hakala | first = Kate | title = Here’s When It’s OK to Start Openly Farting in a Relationship | url = https://www.mic.com/articles/137243/here-s-when-it-s-ok-to-start-openly-farting-in-a-relationship | website = Mic | publisher = BDG Media, Inc. | date = 2016-03-08 | access-date = 2025-06-09 }}</ref> indicating that the act functions as a marker of mutual comfort (colloquially called "breaking the fart barrier").<ref>{{cite web | last = Hogan | first = Brianne | title = Why Farting In Front Of Your Partner Is Actually Good For Your Relationship | url = https://www.scarymommy.com/lifestyle/why-farting-is-good-for-your-relationship | website = Scary Mommy | publisher = BDG Media, Inc. | date = 2024-11-27 | access-date = 2025-06-09 }}</ref> Lauren Rosewarne suggests many eproctolagniacs have a voyeuristic attraction to seeing women farting,<ref name="Rosewarne2013"></ref> particularly because of the gender pigeonhole that positions women as not supposed to fart publicly.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Weinberg | first1 = Martin S. | last2 = Williams | first2 = Colin J. | title = Fecal Matters: Habitus, Embodiments, and Deviance | journal = Social Problems | volume = 52 | issue = 3 | pages = 315–336 | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1525/sp.2005.52.3.315 | url = https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.2005.52.3.315 | access-date = 2025-06-09 }}</ref><ref name="Griffiths2013"></ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Cherie | first = Mistress Erisiana | title = Why would a guy want to be farted on? | website = Creative Loafing Tampa Bay | date = 22 November 2010 | url = https://www.cltampa.com/news/why-would-a-guy-want-to-be-farted-on-12286018 | access-date = 26 June 2025 }}</ref> Studies have shown that olfactory function is associated with sexual [[motivation]] and satisfaction.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Iuliano | first1 = Simone | last2 = Zagari | first2 = Maria C. | last3 = Frasca Polara | first3 = Giuseppe | last4 = Rotella | first4 = Giorgio | last5 = La Vignera | first5 = Sandro | last6 = Greco | first6 = Enrico A. | last7 = Liuzza | first7 = Marco T. | last8 = Aversa | first8 = Antonio | title = Global olfactory function correlates with global sexual functioning in men and women | journal = Minerva Medica | date = December 2023 | volume = 114 | issue = 6 | pages = 785–794 | doi = 10.23736/S0026-4806.23.08753-0 | pmid = 37382520 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last = Bendas | first = Julia | last2 = Hummel | first2 = Thomas | last3 = Croy | first3 = Ilona | year = 2018 | title = Olfactory function relates to sexual experience in adults | journal = Archives of Sexual Behavior | volume = 47 | issue = 5 | pages = 1333–1339 | doi = 10.1007/s10508-018-1203-x | pmid = 29721723 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Siegel | first1 = Jason K. | last2 = Kung | first2 = Shanna Y. | last3 = Wroblewski | first3 = Kristen E. | last4 = Kern | first4 = David W. | last5 = McClintock | first5 = Martha K. | last6 = Pinto | first6 = Jayant M. | title = Olfaction Is Associated With Sexual Motivation and Satisfaction in Older Men and Women | journal = The Journal of Sexual Medicine | date = February 2021 | volume = 18 | issue = 2 | pages = 295–302 | doi = 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.12.002 | pmid = 33423973 | pmc = 8694566 }}</ref> A high volume of malodorous flatus may indicate a diet rich in [[protein]] and [[fiber]] in a partner. [[Traumatic brain injury|Brain injuries]] and [[multiple sclerosis]] may lead one to spontaneously acquire paraphilias,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frohman |first=E. M. |last2=Frohman |first2=T. C. |last3=Moreault |first3=A. M. |title=Acquired Sexual Paraphilia in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis |journal=Archives of Neurology |volume=59 |issue=6 |pages=1006–1010 |year=2002 |doi=10.1001/archneur.59.6.1006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last = Bianchi-Demicheli | first = F. | last2 = Rollini | first2 = C. | last3 = Lovblad | first3 = K. | last4 = Ortigue | first4 = S. | title = “Sleeping Beauty paraphilia”: deviant desire in the context of bodily self-image disturbance in a patient with a fronto-parietal traumatic brain injury | journal = Medical Science Monitor | year = 2010 | volume = 16 | issue = 2 | pages = CS15–CS17 | pmid = 20110923 }}</ref><ref name="Langevin1992">{{cite journal | last = Langevin | first = R. | title = Biological Factors Contributing to Paraphiliac Behavior | journal = Psychiatric Annals | date = June 1992 | volume = 22 | issue = 6 | pages = 307, 309–314 | url = https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/biological-factors-contributing-paraphiliac-behavior | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> hypothetically including eproctophilia. The [[Presenter|host]] of the Fart Fetish Podcast, Raj Jawa,<ref name="Fox59EINPresswire2024">{{cite web | title = Celebrating Three Years of Breaking Taboos: Fart Fetish Podcast Shines a Light on Misunderstood Kinks | website = Fox59 (Business Press Releases) | publisher = EIN Presswire | date = December 9, 2024 | url = https://fox59.com/business/press-releases/ein-presswire/767330143/celebrating-three-years-of-breaking-taboos-fart-fetish-podcast-shines-a-light-on-misunderstood-kinks/ | access-date = June 24, 2025 }}</ref> postulated that since eproctophilia involves sexual conditioning to fart-related alliesthetic visceral cues, it would be mediated via the insula's interoceptive circuitry.<ref name="EproctophiliaOpinion">{{cite web | last1 = Jawa | first1 = Raj | title = Eproctophilia Is Not a Perversion or a Paraphilia | url = https://eproctophilia.org/PDF/eproctophiliaisnotapervsionoraparaphilia..pdf | website = Eproctophilia.org | format = PDF | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> Vagal afferents transmit [[enteric nervous system]] signals to the nucleus tractus solitarius, which regulates dorsal raphe, locus coeruleus, and ventral tegmental area neurons.<ref name="Breit2018">{{cite journal | last1 = Breit | first1 = Sigrid | last2 = Kupferberg | first2 = Aleksandra | last3 = Rogler | first3 = Gerhard | last4 = Hasler | first4 = Gregor | title = Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain–Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders | journal = Frontiers in Psychiatry | year = 2018 | volume = 9 | pages = 44 | doi = 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00044 | url = https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00044/full | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> Colonic enterochromaffin cells in the gut epithelium and gut microbiota synthesize 90 percent of the human body's serotonin and significant portions of other monoamines.<ref name="SerotoninMetabolismSD">{{cite web | title = Serotonin Metabolism | work = Topics in Immunology and Microbiology | publisher = Elsevier (ScienceDirect) | url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/serotonin-metabolism | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> The ENS contains specialized mechanosensitive and chemosensitive neurons that detect gas pressure, [[pH]] indications and the slightest indication of a fart building up. Any ENS-driven perturbations in peripheral monoamines, triggered by sexual arousal to flatulence or dysbiosis, could worsen maladaptive central monoaminergic states, such as hyperdominergic rewards response for fart stimuli or serotonergic–noradrenergic driven fixations, which could underpin compulsive sexual focus on flatulence.<ref name="Kamenskov2019"/> The ENS exhibits activity-dependent plasticity;<ref name="Giaroni1999">Giaroni C, De Ponti F, Cosentino M, Lecchini S, Frigo G (December 1999). "Plasticity in the enteric nervous system". ''Gastroenterology''. '''117''' (6): 1438–1458. doi:10.1016/S0016-5085(99)70295-7. PMID 10579986.</ref><ref name="Schaefer2009">Schäfer KH, Van Ginneken C, Copray S (2009). "Plasticity and neural stem cells in the enteric nervous system". ''Anatomical Record''. 292 (12): 1940–1952. doi:10.1002/ar.21033. PMID 19943347.</ref> consequently, repeated pairings of flatulence and [[orgasm]] may sensitize enteric reflex circuits, thereby amplifying ENS-mediated perturbations and intensifying eproctophilic reward circuits. Additionally, the anterior insular cortex [[Anatomy|anatomically]] and functionally sits at the nexus of interoceptive processing and limbic-reward pathways.<ref name="Gogolla2017">{{cite journal | last1 = Gogolla | first1 = Nadine | title = The insular cortex | journal = Current Biology | date = 19 June 2017 | volume = 27 | issue = 12 | pages = R580–R586 | doi = 10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.010 | pmid = 28633023 | url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982217305468 | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> It maintains dense reciprocal connections with regions established as the neural substrates of sexual desire, such as the [[amygdala]], [[hypothalamus]], nucleus accumbens, and orbitofrontal cortex.<ref name="Calabro2019">{{cite journal | last1 = Calabrò | first1 = Rocco S. | last2 = Cacciola | first2 = Alberto | last3 = Bruschetta | first3 = Daniele | last4 = Milardi | first4 = Demetrio | last5 = Quattrini | first5 = Fabrizio | last6 = Sciarrone | first6 = Francesca | last7 = La Rosa | first7 = Gianluca | last8 = Bramanti | first8 = Placido | last9 = Anastasi | first9 = Giuseppe | title = Neuroanatomy and function of human sexual behavior: A neglected or unknown issue? | journal = Brain and Behavior | year = 2019 | volume = 9 | issue = 12 | pages = e01389 | doi = 10.1002/brb3.1389 | pmid = 31568703 | pmc = PMC6908863 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6908863/ | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref><ref name="Haber2011">{{cite book | last1 = Haber | first1 = Suzanne N. | editor1-last = Gottfried | editor1-first= Jay A. | chapter = 11 | title = Neuroanatomy of Reward: A View from the Ventral Striatum | publisher = CRC Press/Taylor & Francis | location = Boca Raton, FL | year = 2011 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92777/ | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> In some eproctolagniacs, aberrant visceral interoceptive signals encoded in the ENS are relayed via the vagus and mapped in the insula as salient internal states. The insula routes the signals into adjacent sexual-arousals circuits. Therefore flatulence-related interoceptive cues acquire a direct path to the brain's sexual pathway. Orgasmic [[oxytocin]] amplifies and disinhibits the mesolimbic reward circuits,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Petersson |first=Maria |last2=Uvnäs-Moberg |first2=Kerstin |title=Interactions of Oxytocin and Dopamine—Effects on Behavior in Health and Disease |journal=Biomedicines |volume=12 |issue=11 |year=2024 |pages=2440 |doi=10.3390/biomedicines12112440 |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/11/2440}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Pfaus |first=James G. |title=Orgasms, Sexual Pleasure, and Opioid Reward Mechanisms |journal=Sexual Medicine Reviews |year=2025 |doi=10.1093/sxmrev/qeaf023 |url=https://academic.oup.com/smr/advance-article/doi/10.1093/sxmrev/qeaf023/8127191}}</ref> promoting sexual reinforcement of flatulent stimuli. However, no singular cause has been definitively established. The heterogeneity in its manifestation suggests that multiple psychological and developmental factors may be involved, as with other fetishes. ==As a paraphilic disorder== {{Infobox medical condition | name = Eproctophilia | synonyms = Eproctolagnia/eprectolagnia,<ref>{{cite book | last = Aggrawal | first = Anil | year = 2009 | title = Forensic and Medico-Legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices | publisher = CRC Press | isbn = 9781420043082 | url = https://www.google.com/books/edition/Forensic_and_Medico_legal_Aspects_of_Sex/uNkNhPZQprcC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA373 | page = 373 }}</ref> flatus fetishism, flatulophilia, flatuphilia | field = [[Psychiatry]]; Clinical psychology | treatment = Cognitive‑behavioral therapy; psychoeducation }} It is important to note that having a fart fetish is not [[Recognition|recognized]] to be a [[Mental illness|disorder]]. [[Treatment]] for eproctophilia is generally not needed unless it starts becoming a [[problem]] or is ego-dystonic.<ref>{{cite book | last = Griffiths | first = Mark | title = Sexual Perversions and Paraphilias: An A to Z | publisher = Curtis Press | year = 2024 | location = United States | page = 52 | url = https://www.google.com/books?id=SXM1EQAAQBAJ&pg=PT52 | access-date = 29 June 2025 | quote = Treatment for eproctophilia is generally not sought unless in some way it becomes problematic for the person. }}</ref> Therapeutic interventions are primarily focused on reducing internalized shame and facilitating social reintegration.<ref>{{cite book|title=Paraphilias: Phenomenology, Assessment, and Treatment|publisher=Routledge|year=2017|isbn=978-1138809185|editor-last=Beetz|editor-first=A. M.}}</ref> In severe cases, eproctolagniacs may be [[Anhedonia|unable to derive sexual gratification]] unless their partner consecutively and sonorously farts, which can present challenges if they are unable to do so. This might pressure the farting partner to eat more gas producing [[food]] or [[Air pump|pump air]] into their anus to satisfy the eproctolagniac, which can pose [[health]] problems.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Hejna | first1 = Petr | last2 = Zátopková | first2 = Lucie | last3 = Janík | first3 = Matěj | title = Rectal explosion: a strange case of autoerotic death | journal = International Journal of Legal Medicine | date = January 2021 | volume = 135 | issue = 1 | pages = 307–312 | doi = 10.1007/s00414-020-02344-7 | pmid = 32592072 | url = https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-020-02344-7 | access-date = 5 June 2025 }}</ref> In cases like these, the eproctolagniac may be [[Medical diagnosis|diagnosed]] with fetishism disorder under [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|DSM]]-5, as the fetish is coupled with significant [[Distress (medicine)|distress]] or [[Danger|peril]]. A fart fetish sometimes co-occurs with compulsive sexual behavior disorder which is often accompanied by comorbid psychopathologies, including autism, [[depression (mental illness)|depressive]], and [[anxiety disorder|anxiety disorders]].<ref name="Kafka2012">{{cite journal | last1 = Kafka | first1 = M. | year = 2012 | title = Axis I psychiatric disorders, paraphilic sexual offending and implications for pharmacological treatment | journal = Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences | volume = 49 | issue = 4 | pages = 255–261 | pmid = 23585462 }}</ref><ref name="Abrams2023">{{cite thesis | last = Abrams | first = Dylan H. | year = 2023 | title = Examining the Prevalence and Psychopathological Correlates of Paraphilic Interests in a Non-clinical Sample | type = Master’s thesis | institution= Graduate Center, City University of New York | url = https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/5462 | access-date= 2025-06-07 }}</ref><ref name="Briken2024">{{cite journal | last1 = Briken | first1 = P. | last2 = Bothe | first2 = B. | last3 = Carvalho | first3 = J. | last4 = Coleman | first4 = E. | last5 = Giraldi | first5 = A. | last6 = Kraus | first6 = S. W. | last7 = Lew-Starowicz | first7 = M. | last8 = Pfaus | first8 = J. G. | year = 2024 | title = Assessment and treatment of compulsive sexual behavior disorder: a sexual medicine perspective | journal = Sexual Medicine Reviews | volume = 12 | issue = 3 | pages = 355–370 | doi = 10.1093/sxmrev/qeae014 }}</ref> If one with a fart fetish wants to ameliorate their condition, they can get professional mental [[help]]. [[Cognitive behavioral therapy]] (CBT) has been the primary source to address maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors, such as eproctophilia.<ref name="Kaplan2012">{{cite journal | last1 = Kaplan | first1 = M. S. | last2 = Krueger | first2 = R. B. | title = Cognitive-behavioral treatment of the paraphilias | journal = Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences | year = 2012 | volume = 49 | issue = 4 | pages = 291–296 | pmid = 23585466 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Eproctophilia: treatment and causes |url=https://www.mentesabiertaspsicologia.com/blog-psicologia/eproctophilia-treatment-and-causes |website=Mentes Abiertas Psicología |date=20 March 2023 |access-date=12 April 2025}}</ref> Techniques include cognitive restructuring, behavioral rehearsal, and teaching eproctolagniacs to identify and cope with factors that make relapsing imminent. In a dedicated eproctolagniac, extinction may occur with the prolonged absence of flatulent stimuli. Treatment could also include redirecting [[Masturbation|masturbatory]] [[Sexual fantasy|fantasies]] to conventional ones or employing sensate focus therapy to reorient sexual arousal toward normophilic stimuli. In some cases, CBT can be used in combination with [[Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor|selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors]] (SSRIs).<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Coskun | first1 = Murat | last2 = Ozturk | first2 = Mucahit | title = Sexual Fetishism in Adolescence: Report of Two Cases | journal = Düşünen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences | volume = 26 | issue = 2 | pages = 199–205 | date = 2013-06-01 | doi = 10.5350/DAJPN2013260210 | url = https://dusunenadamdergisi.org/storage/upload/pdfs/1587029640-en.pdf | access-date = 2025-04-13 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Guay | first1 = David R. P. | title = Drug treatment of paraphilic and nonparaphilic sexual disorders | journal = Clinical Therapeutics | volume = 31 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–31 | date = 2009-01-01 | doi = 10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.01.009 | pmid = 19243704 | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19243704/ | access-date = 2025-04-13 }}</ref><ref name="SpringerCh255">{{cite book | last1 = Malandain | first1 = Leo | last2 = Chagraoui | first2 = Abdeslam | last3 = Thibaut | first3 = Florence | chapter = Psychopharmacotherapy of Sexual Disorders | editor1-last = Riederer | editor1-first= Peter | editor2-last = Laux | editor2-first= Gerd | editor3-last = Nagatsu | editor3-first= Toshiharu | editor4-last = Le | editor4-first= Weidong | editor5-last = Riederer | editor5-first= Christian | title = NeuroPsychopharmacotherapy | series = Reference work | publisher = Springer Cham | year = 2022 | pages = 4171–4206 | doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-62059-2_255 | isbn = 978-3-030-62059-2 | url = https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62059-2_255 | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> [[Naltrexone]] has been tried for compulsive sexual behaviour and paraphilic behaviour, based on the idea of dampering reward-seeking behaviour in behavioural [[addiction]] or treating concurrent addictions.<ref name="Raymond2010">{{cite journal | last1 = Raymond | first1 = Nancy C. | last2 = Grant | first2 = Jon E. | last3 = Coleman | first3 = Eli | title = Augmentation with naltrexone to treat compulsive sexual behavior: A case series | journal = Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology | date = February 2010 | volume = 22 | issue = 1 | pages = 56–62 | url = https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/fmc/acp/2010/00000022/00000001/art00008 | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref><ref name="Savard2020">{{cite journal | last1 = Savard | first1 = J. | last2 = Öberg | first2 = K. G. | last3 = Chatzittofis | first3 = A. | last4 = Dhejne | first4 = C. | last5 = Arver | first5 = S. | last6 = Jokinen | first6 = J. | title = Naltrexone in compulsive sexual behavior disorder: A feasibility study of twenty men | journal = The Journal of Sexual Medicine | date = August 2020 | volume = 17 | issue = 8 | pages = 1544–1552 | doi = <!-- Add DOI if available --> | url = https://academic.oup.com/jsm/article-abstract/17/8/1544/6973797 | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> Convert sensitization methods such as aversion therapy can be used to reduce compulsive behaviors by applying negative punishments.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Callahan | first1=E. J. | last2=Leitenberg | first2=H. | title=Aversion therapy for sexual deviation: Contingent shock and covert sensitization | journal=Journal of Abnormal Psychology | volume=81 | issue=1 | pages=60–73 | year=1973 | doi=10.1037/h0034025 | url=https://doi.org/10.1037/h0034025 }}</ref> Its use is associated with lower recidivism.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Culos | first1 = Camille | last2 = Di Grazia | first2 = Marco | last3 = Meneguzzo | first3 = Paola | title = Pharmacological Interventions in Paraphilic Disorders: Systematic Review and Insights | journal = Journal of Clinical Medicine | date = 7 March 2024 | volume = 13 | issue = 6 | pages = 1524 | doi = 10.3390/jcm13061524 | pmid = 38541750 | pmc = 10971111 }}</ref> Eproctolagniacs with childhood trauma may be treated with Eye Movement Densensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy to mitigate their underlying trauma.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = de Jongh | first1 = Ad | last2 = de Roos | first2 = Carlijn | last3 = El-Leithy | first3 = S. | title = State of the science: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy | journal = Journal of Traumatic Stress | volume = 37 | issue = 2 | pages = 205–216 | date = April 2024 | doi = 10.1002/jts.23012 | pmid = 38282286 | publication-date = 2024-01-28 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Zolik | first = Mary‑Beth | title = How Sexual Obsessions & Fetishes Develop & How to Treat Them | website = EMDR Healing | publisher = EMDR Healing | date = June 15, 2019 | url = https://emdrhealing.com/how-sexual-obsessions-develop/ | access-date = June 24, 2025 }}</ref> Research suggests repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may help reduce sexual compulsivity in individuals with paraphilic disorders by targeting brain regions implicated in inhibitory control, particularly the cortical nodes in the cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical loop such as the dorsolateral [[Pre-frontal cortex|prefontal cortex]] (DLPFC) and the supplementary motor area (SMA).<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Schecklmann | first1 = Martin | last2 = Sakreida | first2 = Katrin | last3 = Oblinger | first3 = Britta | last4 = Langguth | first4 = Berthold | last5 = Poeppl | first5 = Timm B. | title = Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Potential Tool to Reduce Sexual Arousal: A Proof of Concept Study | journal = The Journal of Sexual Medicine | volume = 17 | issue = 8 | pages = 1553–1559 | date = August 2020 | doi = 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.05.002 | url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1743609520306093 | issn = 1743-6095 }} </ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Tripathi | first1 = A. | last2 = Singh | first2 = A. | last3 = Singh | first3 = H. | last4 = Kar | first4 = S. K. | title = Successful use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in difficult to treat hypersexual disorder | journal = Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences | volume = 9 | issue = 3 | pages = 207–209 | date = July–September 2016 | doi = 10.4103/0974-1208.192074 | pmid = 27803590 | pmc = 5070404 }} </ref> This noninvasive intervention may help eproctolagniacs control their sexual impulses to fart-related stimuli by inhibiting the SMA and exciting the right DLPCF under IRB approval. As a last resort, chemical [[castration]] may be employed through the use of [[Gonadotropin-releasing hormone|luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone]] (LHRH) [[agonist|agonists]] or antiandrogens such as cyproterone acetate.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bradford |first=J. M. |title=The neurobiology, neuropharmacology, and pharmacological treatment of the paraphilias and compulsive sexual behaviour |journal=Can J Psychiatry |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=26–34 |year=2001 |doi=10.1177/070674370104600104 |pmid=11221487}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Garcia | first1 = Frederico D. | last2 = Thibaut | first2 = Florence | title = Current concepts in the pharmacotherapy of paraphilias | journal = Drugs | volume = 71 | issue = 6 | pages = 771–790 | date = 2011-04-16 | doi = 10.2165/11585490-000000000-00000 | pmid = 21504253 | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21504253/ | access-date = 2025-04-13 }}</ref> They should be considered only in cases where the eproctolagniac's behaviours pose a significant risk to themselves or others, and when less invasive treatments have been ineffective, as the use of chemical castrations methods may come along with problematic side effects such as [[osteoporosis]] and [[Liver disease|liver dysfunction]]. All in all, the [[prognosis]] of eproctophilia is poor. Heterosexual cisgender men's sexuality orientations and paraphilic interests tend to be highly stable,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bailey |first1=J. Michael |last2=Pillard |first2=Richard C. |title=A genetic study of male sexual orientation |journal=Archives of General Psychiatry |year=1991 |volume=48 |issue=12 |pages=1089–1096 |doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810360031005 |pmid=1750785 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Savin-Williams |first1=RC |last2=Ream |first2=GL |title=Prevalence and Stability of Sexual Orientation Components During Adolescence and Young Adulthood |journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior |year=2007 |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=385–394 |doi=10.1007/s10508-006-9088-5 }}</ref> whereas women's sexuality orientations tend to be more fluid.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kinnish |first1=K.K. |last2=Strassberg |first2=D.S. |last3=Turner |first3=C.W. |title=Sex differences in the flexibility of sexual orientation: a multidimensional retrospective assessment |journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior |year=2005 |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=173–183 |doi=10.1007/s10508-005-1795-9 |pmid=15803251 |s2cid=8545091 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bailey |first1=J. Michael |last2=Vasey |first2=Paul |last3=Diamond |first3=Lisa |last4=Breedlove |first4=S. Marc |last5=Vilain |first5=Eric |last6=Epprecht |first6=Marc |title=Sexual Orientation, Controversy, and Science |journal=Psychological Science in the Public Interest |date=2016 |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=45–101 |doi=10.1177/1529100616637616 |pmid=27113562 }}</ref> Fart fetishism is generally considered unalterable and life-long,<ref name="SetoAhmed2014">{{cite journal|first1=Michael C.|last1=Seto|authorlink1=Michael C. Seto|first2=AG|last2=Ahmed|title=Treatment and management of child pornography use|journal=Psychiatric Clinics of North America|volume=37|issue=2|pages=207–214|year=2014|pmid=24877707|doi=10.1016/j.psc.2014.03.004}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title = Treatments to Change Sexual Orientation | journal = The American Journal of Psychiatry | volume = 157 | issue = 5 | pages = 838 | date = May 2000 | url = https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.838 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110612020545/https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.838 | archive-date = 12 June 2011 | access-date = 12 April 2025 }}</ref> but CBT can help reduce negative [[symptoms]] and prevent [[criminal]] [[behaviour]], while pharmacological treatments can lower libido and compulsivity. There are no significant studies specifically focused on fart fetishism. Still, it is considered one of the many forms of sexual interest that can be classified as a paraphilia, which refers to unusual sexual preferences. Fart fetishism typically becomes more noticeable in [[adulthood]], though the specific causes or origins of this interest are not very well understood. == Cultural and social context== [[File:Maerzforderungen.png|thumb|Illustration of “The demands of the people” during the revolutions of 1848/49. “Vox populi” is sarcastically likened to a fart|155x155px]] Flatulence (and, more broadly, fart fetishism) is often viewed negatively in virtually every [[culture]], contributing to the taboo surrounding eproctophilia. In many [[Society|societies]], flatulence is considered socially inappropriate or [[Embarrassment|embarrassing]], which may trigger psychological reactance and thus intensify the fetishistic allure for some individuals. On the contrary, the stigma may lead some individuals with this fetish to feel [[Social isolation|isolated]] or reluctant to discuss their [[Interest (emotion)|interests]] openly.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Combridge | first1 = Kirra | last2 = Lastella | first2 = Michele | title = Stigmatisation of People with Deviant Sexual Interest: A Comparative Study | journal = Sexes | volume = 4 | issue = 1 | pages = 7–25 | year = 2023 | doi = 10.3390/sexes4010002 | url = https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5118/4/1/2 | access-date = 2025-04-14 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Fisher |first1=KA |last2=Marwaha |first2=R |title=Paraphilia |website=StatPearls [Internet] |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |date=2023-03-06 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554425/ |access-date=2025-06-10 }}</ref> They may cope with farts, perpetuating a self-reinforcing cycle that exacerbates eproctophilia. When eproctolagniacs pose a risk to others, therapists may be legally compelled to report such behaviour to authorities under mandatory reporting laws. This may impede their access to treatment, a crucial safeguard against the commission of sexual offenses. Although it is not widely [[Conversation|discussed]], it [[Existence|exists]] as part of the diversity of [[human]] [[Sexual orientation|sexual preferences]]. Historically, eproctophilia was often conflated with coprophilia and scatology, but it has increasingly been recognized as a distinct paraphilic focus. Elizabeth Eva Leach has identified three of the 15th-century sottes chansons in Bodleian MS Douce 308, titled “Or suivez qui me disait,” “Fille, qu’avez-vous fait ?” and “Je ne suis mie folle,” as some early literary examples of eproctophilia.<ref name="Leach2023">Leach, Elizabeth Eva. ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Medieval_Sex_Lives/lunLEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA122 Medieval Sex Lives: The Sounds of Courtly Intimacy on the Francophone Borders]''. United States: Cornell University Press, 2023, p. 122.</ref> The 17th century works of the English writer Thomas d'Urfey depicted only women depicted as farting, reflecting the [[Misogyny|misogynistic]] belief that women were objects of casual sexual desire.<ref>{{cite web | last = Pittaway | first = Ian | title = "A brief history of farting in early music and literature" | website = Early Music Muse | date = 3 January 2025 | orig-date = 27 July 2016 | url = https://earlymusicmuse.com/a-brief-history-of-farting/ | access-date= 10 June 2025 }}</ref> His most famous musical hit was "The Fart", followed by "The Second Part of The Fart". During the [[Augustan literature|British Augustan]] age, there were several flatulence-related works of [[erotica]] circulated in underground [[pamphlets]]. For example, the names “Miss-Pop fart”, "Mrs. Tickle-Fart", “Madam Rousing Fart”, and "Tabitha Turnip-Fart" were coined to reflect some Augustan works of erotica.<ref name="Barchas2024">{{Cite book | last = Barchas | first = Janine | editor1-last = Pettit | editor1-first = Alexander | editor2-last = Spedding | editor2-first = Patrick | title = Eighteenth-Century British Erotica, Part II, Volume 1 | publisher = Taylor & Francis | location = London | year = 2024 | isbn = 9781040238424 | url = https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9781040238424_A49445550/preview-9781040238424_A49445550.pdf | access-date = 2025-04-14 }}</ref> Notable among these pamphlets is ''The Benefit of Farting Explain'd'',<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Puff-Indorst | first1 = Don Fartinando | last2 = Swift | first2 = Jonathan | last3 = Fizzle | first3 = Obadiah | title = ''The Benefit of Farting Explain’d : Or, the Fundament-All Cause of the Distempers Incident to the Fair-Sex, Enquired into. Proving à Posteriori Most of the Dis-Ordures In-Tail’d upon Them, Are Owing to Flatulencies Not Seasonably Vented. Wrote in Spanish by Don Fartinando Puff-Indorst Professor of Bumbast in the University of Crackow. And Translated into English at the Request, and for the Use, of the Lady Damp-Fart of Her-Fart-Shire. By Obadiah Fizzle, Groom of the Stool to the Princess of Arsimini in Sardinia.'' | place = Longford in Ireland [i.e. London] | publisher = Simon Bumbubbard | year = 1722 | url = http://find.galegroup.com/ecco/infomark.do?contentSet=ECCOArticles&amp;docType=ECCOArticles&amp;bookId=0092301100&amp;type=getFullCitation&amp;tabID=T001&amp;prodId=ECCO&amp;docLevel=TEXT_GRAPHICS&amp;version=1.0&amp;source=library | access-date = 10 June 2025 }}</ref> a pseudomedical pamphlet published in 1722 that argued for the therapeutic necessity of farting, particularly in women. That same year saw the publication of ''Arse Musica; or, The Lady’s Back Report to Don Fart-in-hand-o Puff-in dorst'', a flatulent parody of [[Italy|Italian]] opera that celebrated the aesthetic pleasures of bodily emissions coming from the anus. This was followed by ''The Beau's Miscellany'',<ref>{{cite book | title = ''The Beau's Miscellany: Being a New and Curious Collection of Amorous Tales, Diverting Song, and Entertaining Poems. Part II.'' | editor = Various Hands | place = London | publisher = A. Moore | date = 1731 <!-- imprint undated; ESTC suggests [1731?] --> | format = Duodecimo | series = ECCO – BOD | id = ESTC T80397; EEBO CW3312781141 | url = http://find.galegroup.com/ecco/infomark.do?&prodId=ECCO&docId=CW3312781141 | access-date = 10 June 2025 }}</ref> a collection of verse and prose where in flatulence serves as a titillating motif and de facto [[comedy|comedic relief]]. Collectively, these texts exemplify an [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightment]]-era libertine tradition in which farting was also seen as erotic by some. A depiction of eproctophilia appears in the Marquis de Sade unfinished novel ''The 120 Days of Sodom'', written in 1785 and published in 1904 after its manuscript was rediscovered. The book describes the activities of four wealthy libertine Frenchmen who spend four months seeking the ultimate sexual gratification through orgies, including eproctophilic activities. One episode describes a character who “knelt down before that decrepit bum and kissed it lovingly; farts were blown up his nose, he waxed ecstatic…,” illustrating vivid exploitation of flatulence as sexual stimulus.<ref name="SadeSupervert">{{cite web |last = Sade |first = Donatien Alphonse François, Marquis de |title = ''The 120 Days of Sodom'' |url = https://16beavergroup.org/pdf/120_days_of_sodom.pdf |publisher = Supervert 32C Inc. |date = 2002 |format = PDF |page = 125 |access-date= 2025-06-05}}</ref> The [[18th century|eighteenth-century]] discourses of flatulence and female outlawry demonstrate sexual experimentation and the possible existence of eproctophilia throughout [[history]]. In [[Mark Twain]]'s risqué squib "1601", published anonymous in 1880, flatulence was depicted in a sexually suggestive manner.<ref>{{cite book | last = Twain | first = Mark | title = 1601 | edition = Collected in ''Mark Twain’s Library of Humor'' | publisher = Harper & Brothers | year = 1882 | pages = 45–58 | isbn = 9780060973810 }}</ref><ref name="Beck2003">{{cite book | last = Beck | first = Lewis | title = ''Mark Twain and Metaphor'' | publisher = University of Missouri Press | year = 2003 | pages = 43–47 | isbn = 9780826217622 }}</ref> [[James Joyce]], the renowned [[Irish people|Irish]] [[author]], exhibited eproctophilic tendencies, as evidenced by his intimate correspondence with Nora Barnacle. James Joyce's erotographomaniac [[letter|letters]] to Nora Barnacle from 1909 revealed his fascination with her farts, as he expressed a [[desire]] to hear her "tiny little naughty farties" and described them as "fat dirty farts".<ref>{{cite book | editor-last = Gilbert | editor-first = Stuart | author-last = Joyce | author-first = James | title = Letters of James Joyce | publisher = Viking Press; Faber & Faber | location = New York; London | date = 1957–1966 | oclc = 2397715 | url = https://www.worldcat.org/title/letters-of-james-joyce/oclc/2397715 | access-date = 7 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = James Joyce’s Love Letters to Nora Barnacle, His ‘Dirty Little Fuckbird.’ | date = 2021-07-28 | website = The Paris Review | url = https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2018/02/02/james-joyces-love-letters-dirty-little-fuckbird/ | access-date = 2025-04-12 }}</ref> He noted that Nora's farts with each thrust heightened his erotic arousal and claimed he could pick hers out in a room full of a room of farting women. He further exemplified eproctophilia in the "Bella / Bello” vignette of the “Circe” episode, where Bella demanded bystanders to hold Bloom down and farted directly onto his face.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Thomas | first = Frankie | title = Unspeakable "Circe": Sexual Perversion and the Lacanian Detour in Ulysses | journal = James Joyce Quarterly | volume = 54 | issue = 3–4 | pages = 303–313 | year = 2017 | publisher = The University of Tulsa | issn = 1938-6036 | url = https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/80/article/707927 | access-date = 2025-06-27 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Mason | first = Clara | title = Concepts of Memory: Molly Bloom and St Augustine | website = Bloomsday Sydney Foundation | date = 2013 | url = https://www.bloomsdaysydney.com/Foundation/foundation/concepts_of_memory.html | access-date = 2025-06-27 | quote = Bello: 'Well, I’m not. Wait. (He holds in his breath) Curse it. Here. This bung’s about burst. (He uncorks himself behind: then, contorting his features, farts loudly) Take that! (He recorks himself) Yes, by jingo, sixteen three quarters. Bloom: (A sweat breaking out over him) Not man. (He sniffs) Woman.' }}</ref> Although presented in a literary context, similar behaviors have been described in clinical literature. One of the earliest clinical cases of flatulence fetishism appears in a 1994 psychoanalytic report of a fetishistic cross-dresser presenting with a recalcitrant symptom of anal flatulence related to a transference perversion.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Baker | first1 = R. | title = Psychoanalysis as a lifeline: a clinical study of a transference perversion | journal = International Journal of Psychoanalysis | date = August 1994 | volume = 75 | issue = Pt 4 | pages = 743–753 | pmid = 7989146 }}</ref> In this case, the act of flatulence functioned as a central component for the patient's sexual gratification, consistent with eproctophilic interests. In Brazil, the production [[company]] MFX Media makes fetish videos that include fart-fetish content. The company gained international attention after it released a [[coprophilia|coprophilic]] video titled "[[2 Girls 1 Cup]]". The video showed extreme fetish acts and was made by MFX Media's director, Marco Antônio Fiorito. Fiorito described himself as a "compulsive fetishist" and began making fetish [[films]] in the [[1990s]]. In 2008, a Brazilian eproctophilic short film titled "Cake Farts" gained virality online.<ref>{{cite web |last=Dictionary.com Staff |title=cake farts |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/pop-culture/cake-farts/ |website=Pop Culture dictionary |publisher=Dictionary.com |date=May 16, 2018 |access-date=June 22, 2025}}</ref> In episode 1206 of South Park, titled "Over Logging", the character Randy Marsh searches up "Brazilian fart porn", ejaculating to it.<ref>Piero, M. (2021). "[https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91944-3_5 The Chronotope of the Fart as Pharmakon in *South Park: The Fractured But Whole*]." In *Video Game Chronotopes and Social Justice*. Palgrave Games in Context. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.</ref> A Japanese company named Fart FeTish Club (ファートフェチ) produced and distributed fart fetish films in the early 2000s.<ref>[https://www.google.com/books?id=xCSjuwDKchkC&pg=PA26 "The Farting Femmes of NonVirtuous Reality"]Dawson, Jim. ''Blame It on the Dog: A Modern History of the Fart''. (Illustrated edition). Clarkson Potter/Ten Speed, 2006. p. 26. ISBN 1580087515, 9781580087513.</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Griffith |first=Jackson |date=2004-01-08 |title=Fetish of Woman’s Fart |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203025955/https://www.newsreview.com/sacramento/content/fetish-of-womans-fart/26890/|website=News & Review |publisher=Sacramento News & Review |access-date=2025-06-29 }}</ref> In modern day, a notable incident is when the former reality television star from the [[United States]], Stephanie Matto, was [[hospital|hospitalized]] in 2022 after modifying her [[diet]] to accommodate her [[business]] of [[jar|jars]] containing her farts. This practice eventually led her to [[dyspnea|difficulty breathing]] caused by excessive gas accumulation,<ref>{{cite web | last = Lee | first = Bruce Y. | title = 90 Day Fiancé Star Sells Her Farts in Jars Then Suffers Health Scare | website = Forbes | publisher = Forbes Magazine | date = 8 January 2022 | url = https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2022/01/08/90-day-fianc-star-sells-farts-in-jars-then-suffers-health-scare/ | access-date = 12 April 2025 }}</ref> prompting other creators to supersede her.<ref>{{cite web | last = Alford | first = Aaron | title = Amouranth is now selling jars of her farts and hot tub water for ridiculous prices | website = Inven Global | date = 28 February 2022 | url = https://www.invenglobal.com/articles/16596/amouranth-starts-business-selling-her-own-scent-jars-and-hot-tub-water | access-date = 26 June 2025 }}</ref> In March 2025, [[DC Comics]] released the one-short ''Harley Quinn Fartacular: Silent Butt Deadly'', which centers its plot entirely on flatulence and included a built-in [[scratch-and-sniff]] feature. Some reviewers argued that the comic functioned more as a fart-fetish comic than a traditional [[superhero]] story, with its prolonged focus on flatulence and visceral imagery as evidence of fetishistic intent rather than typical hero action.<ref>{{cite web | last=Luken | first=Jackson | date=26 March 2025 | title=Harley Quinn Fartacular: Silent Butt Deadly #1 review | website=Batman News | url=https://batman-news.com/2025/03/26/harley-quinn-fartacular-silent-butt-deadly-1-review/ | access-date=10 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Goldfield | first=Ray | date=26 March 2025 | title=Review – Harley Quinn Fartacular: Silent Butt Deadly #1 – Yep, That’s the Title | website=GeekDad | url=https://geekdad.com/2025/03/review-harley-quinn-fartacular-silent-butt-deadly-1-yep-thats-the-title/ | access-date=10 June 2025 }}</ref> Research has shown that trace amounts of [[hydrogen sulfide]] may prevent [[mitochondrial]] damage in [[cells]].<ref>{{cite journal | last = Murphy | first = Brian | last2 = Bhattacharya | first2 = Rajat | last3 = Mukherjee | first3 = Priyabrata | year = 2019 | title = Hydrogen sulfide signaling in mitochondria and disease | journal = The FASEB Journal | volume = 33 | issue = 12 | pages = 13098–13125 | doi = 10.1096/fj.201901304R | pmid = 31648556 | pmc = PMC6894098 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Paul | first1 = Biswanath D. | last2 = Snyder | first2 = Solomon H. | last3 = Kashfi | first3 = Kamal | title = Effects of hydrogen sulfide on mitochondrial function and cellular bioenergetics | journal = Redox Biology | date = January 2021 | volume = 38 | pages = 101772 | doi = 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101772 | pmid = 33137711 | pmc = 7606857 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last = Fu | first = Ming | last2 = Zhang | first2 = Weihua | last3 = Wu | first3 = Lingyun | last4 = Yang | first4 = Guangdong | last5 = Li | first5 = Hongzhu | last6 = Wang | first6 = Rui | year = 2012 | title = Hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) metabolism in mitochondria and its regulatory role in energy production | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 109 | issue = 8 | pages = 2943–2948 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1115634109 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Sniffing your partner’s farts could help ward off disease | url = https://nypost.com/2017/10/27/sniffing-your-partners-farts-could-help-ward-off-disease/ | website = New York Post | date = October 27, 2017 }}</ref> This has led to the misleading belief that smelling farts could have health benefits. Another common misconception is that farting on someone's face can cause [[Conjunctivitis|pink eye]].<ref>{{cite web | last1 = Dryer | first1 = Courtney | last2 = Boparai | first2 = Jovi | title = Can You Get Pink Eye from a Fart? | website = CorneaCare | date = 2 May 2024 | url = https://mycorneacare.com/eye-health-and-wellness/can-you-get-pink-eye-from-a-fart/ | access-date = 2 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | author = Family Focus Eyecare | title = Can you get Pink Eye from a Fart? What Actually Causes Conjunctivitis? | website = Family Focus Eyecare | date = 24 September 2024 | url = https://www.famfocuseye.com/2024/09/24/can-you-get-pink-eye-from-a-fart-what-actually-causes-conjunctivitis/ | access-date = 20 June 2025 }}</ref> However, farting onto a face through clothing is unlikely to transmit bacteria.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Hot air? | journal = BMJ | date = 22 December 2001 | volume = 323 | issue = 7327 | page = 1449 | pmc = 1121900 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1121900/ | access-date = 20 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | author = James Felton | title = The Australian Scientist Who Tested Whether Farts Spread Disease | website = IFLScience | date = 26 April 2021 | url = https://www.iflscience.com/the-australian-scientist-who-tested-whether-farts-spread-disease-58972 | access-date = 20 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>Lee, Bruce Y. (May 31, 2025). "[https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2025/05/31/tiktoker-claims-fart-near-her-face-caused-7-years-of-sinus-infections/ TikToker Claims Fart Near Her Face Caused 7 Years Of Sinus Infections]". ''Forbes''. Retrieved June 26, 2025.</ref> Because the person farting is generally habituated to the scent of their own flatulence and typically do not experience it as offensive,<ref>{{cite journal | last1=McBurney | first1=D. H. | last2=Levine | first2=J. M. | last3=Cavanaugh | first3=P. H. | year=1976 | title=Psychophysical and social ratings of human body odor | journal=Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin | volume=3 | issue=1 | pages=135–138 | doi=10.1177/014616727600300126 }}</ref><ref>Komarla, J. (14 December 2023). "[https://www.zmescience.com/feature-post/health/food-and-nutrition/why-do-some-people-like-the-smell-of-their-own-farts/ Why do some people like the smell of their own farts?]". ''ZME Science''. Retrieved 2 July 2025.</ref> fart play may be considered olfactorily tolerable for the performer and [[Ethics|ethically]] permissible when mutual consent is established. As with all sexual preferences, the key to a healthy experience is mutual [[consent]], [[respect]], and [[communication]] between individuals involved. Non-consensual exposure or involving non-consenting individuals is highly unethical and generally [[Law|illegal]].<ref>{{cite web |date=2010-04-07 |title=Victim Says Flatulence Fetish Led to Sexual Assault |website=News 9 |publisher=News 9 |url=https://www.news9.com/story/5e35015ee0c96e774b36aefa/victim-says-flatulence-fetish-led-to-sexual-assault |access-date=2025-04-20 }}</ref> == Related pages == *[[Flatulence]] *[[Coprophilia]] *[[Paraphilia]] *[[Sexual fetishism]] *[[Foot odor]] *[[Human sexuality]] *[[BDSM]] *[[Urolagnia]] *[[Social stigma]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{notelist}} ==Further reading== *{{cite book |last=Love |first=Brenda |title=Encyclopedia of Unusual Sex Practices |publisher=Barricade Books |year=1992 |isbn=9781569800119}} ==Other websites== *[[wikt:eproctophilia|Eproctophilia]] *[https://eproctophilia.org/ Eproctophilia.org] *[https://fartfetish.podbean.com/ Fart Fetish Podcast] {{medical resources | ICD10 = [https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/F65.8 F65.8 – Other paraphilias] | MeshID = D005329 }} {{Mental disorders}} {{sex-stub}} [[Category:Human sexuality]] [[Category:BDSM]] [[Category:Paraphilias]] [[Category:Sexual fetishism]] [[Category:Flatulence]] 28bq8ldcnttppvzzybee58dwnzl2e2u 10368576 10368548 2025-07-03T00:26:02Z GeorgeDroyd 1626532 /* Cultural and social context */ 10368576 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Refimprove|date=March 2025}} [[File:Facesitting9.jpg|thumb|[[Facesitting]], specifically face-farting, is a common practice used by those with eproctophilia in which the [[BDSM|dominant]] [[Sexual partner|partner]] sits on the submissive [[victim]] and expels gas directly onto their [[ear]], [[mouth]], [[nose]], or [[tongue]].<ref>{{cite web | last = Griffiths | first = Mark | year = 2012 | title = Farting company: The strange world of eproctophilia | url = https://drmarkgriffiths.wordpress.com/2012/05/11/farting-company-the-strange-world-of-eproctophilia/ | website = drmarkgriffiths.wordpress.com | access-date = 12 April 2025 }}</ref>|155x155px]] A '''fart fetish''', also known as '''eproctophilia,''' is a [[paraphilia]] in which a person becomes [[Arousal|sexually aroused]] by the [[sound]], [[Odor|smell]], or act of [[farting]]. People with this fetish may also become aroused by the [[idea]] of another person farting or farting themselves, the sensation of a fart caressing their [[skin]], or any combination of these. They often incorporate farts into their [[sexual|sexual experiences]], examples being when a [[dominatrix]] farts on a [[Male submission|submissive man]]'s [[Human penis|penis]] or when a dominant man farts on a [[Female submission|submissive woman]]'s [[vagina]]. ==Etymology== The [[neologism]] ''eproctophilia'' is formed from three parts: * [[Latin]] [[prefix]] ''e-'' – a formative element (here serving to link the root and [[suffix]]) * [[Ancient Greece|Ancient]] [[Greek language|Greek]] [[noun]] ''πρωκτός'' (prōktós) – “[[anus]]” * Greek suffix ''-φιλία'' (-philia) – “[[love]]” or “affection” Etymologically, ''eproctophilia'' means “love of the anus”. However, in its actual usage it denotes a paraphilic interest in flatulence rather than an attraction to the anatomical anus per se. The term was coined by the sexologist Brenda J. Love in her 1992 ''Encyclopedia of Unusual Sex Practices.'' ==Characteristics== For an eproctolagniac (a person who suffers from fart fetishism), some points of attraction include the smell, sound, and the [[time|duration]] of the fart.<ref>{{cite web | title=Theoretical Psychology with a Focus on Sexology: Attractiveness Research in Eproctophilia | url=https://www.booksie.com/657260-theoretical-psychology-with-a-focus-on-sexology-lecture-attractiveness-research-in-eproctophilia | access-date=2 June 2025 }}</ref> For example, one eproctolagniac reported a preference for protracted, acrid, sulfurous, deep-bubbling farts that emanated through fabric.<ref name="Griffiths2013">{{cite journal | last = Griffiths | first = Mark | title = Eproctophilia in a young adult male: A case study | journal = Archives of Sexual Behavior | year = 2013 | volume = 42 | issue = 4 | pages = 847–849 | doi = 10.1007/s10508-013-0105-9 | pmid = 23408258 }}</ref> Most eproctolagniacs are more aroused by the person farting, rather than by the farts themselves.<ref>{{cite web | last = Griffiths | first = Mark D. | title = Kick-Gas 2: Another look at eproctophilia | url = https://drmarkgriffiths.wordpress.com/2013/08/02/kick-gas-2-another-look-at-eproctophilia/ | website = Dr Mark Griffiths' blog | date = 2 August 2013 | access-date = 1 June 2025 }}</ref> This may include an attraction to the visual appeal of the buttocks, the anus, or both, given that flatulence is expelled from that region of the body. Every individual has a unique gut microbiota profile and may have a unique fart signature.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Browne | first1 = H. P. | last2 = Forster | first2 = S. C. | last3 = Anonye | first3 = B. O. | last4 = Kumar | first4 = N. | last5 = Neville | first5 = B. A. | last6 = Stares | first6 = M. D. | last7 = Goulding | first7 = D. | last8 = Holt | first8 = L. | last9 = Lawley | first9 = T. D. | title = Culturing of ‘unculturable’ human microbiota reveals novel taxa and extensive sporulation | journal = Nature | volume = 533 | pages = 543–546 | year = 2016 | doi = 10.1038/nature17645 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Snyder |first=Michael |title=Our bacteria are more personal than we thought, Stanford Medicine-led study shows |website=Stanford Medicine News Center |date=March 12, 2024 |url=https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2024/03/personal-microbiome.html |access-date=June 17, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Martinez-Lozano Sinues |first1=Pablo |last2=Kohler |first2=Malcolm |last3=Zenobi |first3=Renato |date=2013-04-03 |title=Human breath analysis may support the existence of individual metabolic phenotypes |journal=PLoS One |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=e59909 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0059909 |pmid=23573221 |pmc=PMC3616042 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23573221/ |access-date=2025-06-17 }}</ref> This implies that eproctolagniacs may experience uniquely tailored arousal responses tied to each individual's unique fart scent. Fart fetishism may also serve as a means of [[masochism|sadomasochism]] and [[humiliation]].<ref>{{cite book | last = DiClaudio | first = Dennis | title = The Deviant’s Pocket Guide to the Outlandish Sexual Desires Barely Contained in Your Subconscious | publisher = becker&mayer! Books | year = 2019 | location = United States | page = 46 | url = https://www.google.com/books?id=PlnBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA46 | access-date=29 June 2025 | quote = Eproctophilia… may be a form of sadomasochism. It is generally believed that it derives from a desire to debase or to be debased on some level. Certainly there is an element of humiliation involved. }}</ref> It is a common form of olfactophilia (odor fetishism).<ref name="Joel2024">{{cite web | last = de Blonk | first = Joel | title = Farting Fetish Ranks Second Most Popular Worldwide | website = Y94 | date = 11 June 2024 | url = https://y94.com/2024/06/11/farting-fetish-ranks-second-most-popular-worldwide/ | access-date = 5 June 2025 }}</ref> The fetish can vary greatly. Some eproctolagniacs may be attracted to the art of farting in private or [[public]] settings. In contrast, others may [[Happiness|enjoy]] the [[Social interaction|interaction]] between other [[Partnership|partners]] who fart or [[talk]] about farts in a sexual context. [[Anilingus]] may be carried out with an act of farting straight into the mouth of the receiving partner. Eproctolagniacs may enjoy the "Dutch oven", where a fart is released under a shared blanket to trap the smell<ref>"If you happen to be in bed sleeping with someone, what you do is drop the nastiest, juiciest broccoli fart under the covers. Then while your partner is still sleeping, lift the covers over her head and then wait until the fart dissipates." Maddox. ''[[iarchive:alphabetofmanlin00madd|The Alphabet of Manliness]].'' Citadel Press, 2006 {{ISBN|0-8065-2720-X}}, 978-0-8065-2720-8, 204 pages p.66</ref> and increase olfactophilic arousal.<ref>{{cite book | last = Vigorito | first = Tony | title = Nine Kinds of Naked | publisher = Houghton Miflin Harcourt | year = 2015 | location = United States | page = 267 | url = https://www.google.com/books?id=7ct1BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA267 | access-date=29 June 2025 | quote = Eproctophilia, flatulent affection. It happens, apparently. I didn't invent it, fer chrissakes, and I don't think the Dutch invented it either, but what the hell do I know? But listen, swapping repugnancies is not my point. My quodlibet is this: The Dutch oven is society, holding a security blanket over our heads and suffocating us with the foul winds of false confidence. And society, of course, society is none other than we the people. So essentially, we fart in our own face. }}</ref> Farting can be considered a form of positive alliesthesia, in which pleasure comes from relieving [[gastrointestinal]] discomfort. The human anus has a relatively high density of sensory innervation<ref>{{cite web | author1 = Ahmed, A. | author2 = Arbor, T. C. | author3 = Qureshi, W. A. | title = Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis: Anal Canal | website = StatPearls [Internet] | publisher = StatPearls Publishing | location = Treasure Island (FL) | date = 2023-05-22 | access-date = 2025-06-26 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554531/ }}</ref> and may be considered an erogenous zone by eproctolagniacs from flatulating. They may sometimes deliberately consume prebiotics (such as inulin powder), sugar free candies (with maltitol or sorbitol), and a high-FODMAP diet, or practice aerophagia to produce more intestinal gas. Eproctolagniacs often prefer natural farts that come from digestion over farts created by pumping air into the body or [[Vaginal flatulence|queefs]].<ref name="Samantha">{{cite web | last = Cole | first = Samantha | date = 2024-08-09 | title = Taking a Long, Deep Sniff of Fart Porn | website = VICE | url = https://www.vice.com/en/article/taking-a-long-deep-sniff-of-fart-porn/ | access-date = 2025-04-12 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Barrett-Ibarria |first1=Sofia |date=2018-04-03 |title=The Women Who Fart — And the Men Who Watch |website=MEL Magazine |publisher=Medium |url=https://medium.com/mel-magazine/the-women-who-fart-and-the-men-who-watch-5247a9fffcd |access-date=2025-06-22 }}</ref> However, some may be permissive because they prefer hearing farts (or approximations) over smelling them. Some may like seeing a visual aspect of flatulence, such as observing flatulence underwater<ref name="Queen">{{cite web | last = Stone | first = Lillian | date = October 22, 2020 | title = The Gassy Queens of OnlyFans | website = MEL Magazine | url = https://melmagazine.com/en-us/story/fart-fetish-girls-farting-onlyfans-reddit | access-date = June 25, 2025 }}</ref> or witnessing the dispersal of baby powder during emission. A few may derive intense [[pleasure]] from using public [[restrooms]] due to the [[Sensory system|sensual]] [[Stimulus (psychology)|stimuli]]. This behavior is a subset of erotic relieving observance, may be considered [[voyeurism]], and can result in legal consequences.<ref>{{cite web | title = Commonwealth v. Yannuzzi | url = https://law.justia.com/cases/pennsylvania/superior-court/2021/167-eda-2021.html | website = Justia Law | publisher = Pennsylvania Superior Court | date = 10 December 2021 | access-date = 30 June 2025 }}</ref> ==Prevalence== Eproctophilia is considered very rare, and [[Empiricism|empirical]] [[data]] on its prevalence is limited. It may be more common in [[men]] than in [[women]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dawson |first=Sarah J. |last2=Bannerman |first2=Bradley A. |last3=Lalumière |first3=Martin L. |title=Paraphilic Interests: An Examination of Sex Differences in a Nonclinical Sample |journal=Sexual Abuse |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=20–45 |date=February 2016 |doi=10.1177/1079063214525645 |pmid=24633420 |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063214525645}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/paraphilias-overview | title = Paraphilias | agency = WebMD LLC | publisher = WebMD LLC | date = 10 November 2024 | access-date = 13 April 2025 }}</ref> In a representative survey of 1,040 adults in [[Quebec]], 15.9 percent of respondents indicated an interest in fetishistic behaviors.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Joyal |first1=Christian C. |last2=Carpentier |first2=Julie |title=The Prevalence of Paraphilic Interests and Behaviors in the General Population: A Provincial Survey |journal=The Journal of Sex Research |year=2017 |volume=54 |issue=2 |pages=161–171 |doi=10.1080/00224499.2016.1139034 |pmid=26941021 }}</ref> According to an informal survey of 1,000 adults, approximately 11 percent of male respondents reported being attracted to their partner's flatulence, compared to 3 percent of female respondents who expressed similar attraction.<ref>{{cite web | last = Taylor | first = Jordyn | title = Here’s How Many People Get Turned on By Their Partners’ Farts | url = https://www.menshealth.com/sex-women/a23451412/farting-pooping-in-a-relationship/ | website = Men’s Health | publisher = Hearst Magazines, Inc. | date = September 25, 2018 | access-date = June 22, 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://thebeatva.iheart.com/content/2018-09-27-is-your-partner-turned-on-by-your-farts/ |title=Is Your Partner Turned On By Your Farts |author=Jrod |date=27 September 2018 |website=92.1 The Beat |publisher=iHeartMedia |access-date=22 June 2025 }}</ref> These surveys could suggest fart fetishism is more common; however, there are no direct prevalence estimates for eproctophilia alone. ===Online popularity=== Analyses of user activity on major adult-content platforms indicate that eproctophilia ranks prominently among fetish categories. On clips4sale, an established fetish porn site, flatulence fetishism is the second most prevalent category on a global scale.<ref>{{cite web | author = Nicole | title = ‘Farts’ Quickly Rising to the Top of Global Market | website = Clips4Sale Blog | date = 5 June 2024 | url = https://blog.clips4sale.com/b/farts-quickly-rising-to-the-top-of-global-market/ | access-date = 27 June 2025 }}</ref><ref name="DailyStar2024">{{cite web | title = Kinky Brits love 'sweet smell of success' as farting becomes UK's top fetish | website = Daily Star | date = June 7, 2024 | url = https://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/weird-news/kinky-brits-love-sweet-smell-32979570 | access-date = June 26, 2025 }}</ref><ref name="CosmoFetish2024">Engle, Gigi (12 July 2024). [https://web.archive.org/web/20240715074042/https://www.cosmopolitan.com/sex-love/a61583448/fart-fetish/"Wait, What’s a Fart Fetish? Flatulence is in, my friends."] ''Cosmopolitan''. Hearst. Retrieved 25 June 2025.</ref><ref name="Munger2024">{{cite web | last = Munger | first = Brian | title = Fart Fetishes Lingering Toward Mainstream Popularity? | website = Medium | publisher = The Pub | date = June 9, 2024 | url = https://medium.com/the-pub/fart-fetishes-lingering-toward-mainstream-popularity-72fb60c0cc51 | access-date = June 25, 2025 }}</ref> [[Pornhub]] has a dedicated genre to flatulence videos and has more than 15,000 videos.<ref>{{cite web | last = Pradeep | first = Malavika | title = Introducing the ‘gastronomical’ world of fart fetishes and why some people are into it | website = SCREENSHOT Media | publisher = SCREENSHOT Media Group | date = 2021-05-21 | url = https://screenshot-media.com/culture/internet-culture/fart-fetish/ | access-date = 2025-06-26 }}</ref><ref name="Queen"></ref> The 2016 Pornhub Year in Review revealed that searches in [[Brazil]] and the [[Netherlands]] for "fart" content surged by 108 percent and 126 percent respectively compared to the previous year.<ref name="PornhubInsights2016">{{cite web | title = Pornhub’s 2016 Year in Review | website = Pornhub Insights | publisher = Pornhub | date = 2017 | url = https://www.pornhub.com/insights/2016-year-in-review | access-date = June 25, 2025 }}</ref><ref name="EproctophiliaOrg">{{cite web | title = Eproctophilia.org: Is there any other data or statistics on eproctophilia? | website = Eproctophilia.org | publisher = Eproctophilia.org | url = https://eproctophilia.org/index.html | access-date = June 25, 2025 }}</ref> Nonetheless, the online popularity of fart porn does not reflect the actual prevalence of eproctophilia. Some people may watch it out of [[curiosity]], but that doesn't mean they have a fart fetish. ==Causes== Some experts believe this behaviour may be [[Causality|caused]] by [[Psychological trauma|traumatic]] [[childhood]] experiences alongside behavioural conditioning.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Longpré | first = Nicholas | last2 = Burdis Galiano | first2 = Courtney | last3 = Guay | first3 = Jean-Pierre | year = 2022 | title = The impact of childhood trauma, personality, and sexuality on the development of paraphilias | journal = Journal of Criminal Justice | volume = 82 | doi = 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2022.101981 | issn = 0047-2352 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Eproctophilia: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment | date = 2019-06-02 | website = Drugstore Online – RXShop.Md | url = https://www.rxshop.md/articles/2019/eproctophilia-symptoms-causes-and-treatment/ | access-date = 2025-03-23 }}</ref> For example, if the sound or smell of farts is consistently paired with sexual arousal at a presumably young age, then it can form a [[neuron|neural]] pathway where farting can become a trigger for sexual excitement on its own through [[classical conditioning]], especially when such experiences coincide with psychosocial stressors during formative years. Some [[Psychology|psychological]] fixations, possibly related to the contested [[anal stage|anal stage of psychosexual development]] (ages 1-3) as proposed by [[Sigmund Freud]], may contribute to the emergence of eproctophilia. Freud categorized fart humour as a means of expressing repressed anal-erotic desires, viewing it as predominantly sexual and aggressive in its intention.<ref>{{cite book | last = Freud | first = Sigmund | translator = Brill, A. A. | title = ''Wit and Its Relation to the Unconscious'' | year = 1905 | publisher = Moffat, Yard and Co. | location = New York | url = https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/75915 | access-date = June 22, 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Blank | first1 = Trevor J. | title = Cheeky Behavior: The Meaning and Function of ‘Fartlore’ in Childhood and Adolescence | journal = Children’s Folklore Review | volume = 32 | year = 2010 | pages = 11 | url = https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/cfr/article/view/25085/30962 | access-date = June 22, 2025 }}</ref> Some people argue that flatulence violates the norms of decorum and modesty, which can paradoxically repel and attract one.<ref>van Dongen, E. (2001). "[https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860120064952 It isn't something to yodel about, but it exists! Faeces, nurses, social relations and status within a mental hospital]." Aging & Mental Health. 5 (3): 205–215. doi:10.1080/13607860120064952. PMID 11575059.</ref><ref>Lunceford, Brett (1 October 2013). "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261707609_The_Real_Consequences_of_Imaginary_Sex_Acts The Real Consequences of Imaginary Sex Acts]." Etc.; a review of general semantics. 70: 405–433. Retrieved 24 June 2025.</ref><ref>Paasonen, Susanna (2011). "[https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262016315.001.0001 Carnal Resonance: Affect and Online Pornography]." Cambridge, MA: MIT Press (online edn, MIT Press Scholarship Online, 22 Aug. 2013). Accessed 24 June 2025.</ref> Flatulence is occasionally incorporated into sex scenes in films and media as a form of comedic relief,<ref name="Rosewarne2013">{{cite book | last = Rosewarne | first = Lauren | title = ''American Taboo: The Forbidden Words, Unspoken Rules, and Secret Morality of Popular Culture'' | date = 13 August 2013 | publisher = ABC‑CLIO | location = Santa Barbara, California | pages = 48–49 | isbn = 9780313399336 | lccn = 2013011452 | url = https://www.google.com/books/edition/American_Taboo/qg7IEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA1958 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Halperin | first = Moze | date = January 27, 2016 | title = The Rich and Evolving History of Onscreen Farts | url = https://www.flavorwire.com/557903/the-rich-and-evolving-history-of-onscreen-farts | website = Flavorwire | publisher = BDG | access-date = June 23, 2025 }}</ref> which may contribute to maladaptive learned association at an early age. More generally, some anecdotes from eproctolagniacs attribute their eproctophilic [[Imprinting (ethology)|imprint]] to the prevalence of flatulence humour and softcore flatulence-based depictions in media (e.g., gross-out humour in cartoons or comics<ref>{{cite news | last = Sparks | first = Hannah | date = 2024-11-10 | title = I’m a sexual perversion expert - these are the weirdest fetishes I’ve ever studied | newspaper = New York Post | url = https://nypost.com/2024/11/10/lifestyle/sexual-perversion-expert-reveals-the-weirdest-fetishes-studied/ | access-date = 2025-04-12 }}</ref>).<ref name="Samantha"></ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Morrison | first = Quinn | title = We Could Be The New Wind! | url = https://www.vice.com/en/article/farts-v14n9/ | website = VICE | date = September 1, 2007 | access-date = June 22, 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Viney | first = Joseph | title = Having a Gas With Eproctophiliacs | website = SexTech | date = 4 April 2015 | url = https://sextech.com/uncategorized/having-a-gas-with-eproctophiliacs/ | access-date = 26 June 2025 }}</ref> Excess exposure to titillating flatulence-based humor [[videos]] or flatulence-specific [[pornography]] prior to the acquisition of appropriate sexual and arousal education may inadvertently contribute to the development of eproctophilia and possibly make flatulence the main aphrodisiac for some eproctolagniacs.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Gassó | first1 = A. M. | last2 = Bruch-Granados | first2 = A. | title = Psychological and Forensic Challenges Regarding Youth Consumption of Pornography: A Narrative Review | journal = Adolescents | volume = 1 | issue = 2 | pages = 108–122 | year = 2021 | doi = 10.3390/adolescents1020009 | url = https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7051/1/2/9 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Attila | first1 = F. L. | last2 = Owusu | first2 = F. | last3 = Agyei-Sarpong | first3 = K. | last4 = Donkoh | first4 = H. | title = Adolescence and Sex Education: Socio-Cultural and Psycho-Theoretical Perspectives | journal = Mediterranean Journal of Social & Behavioral Research | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | pages = 43–49 | year = 2023 | doi = 10.30935/mjosbr/12801 | url = https://www.mjosbr.com/download/adolescence-and-sex-education-socio-cultural-and-psycho-theoretical-perspectives-12801.pdf }}</ref> If farts are among the first sexual experiences, the concomitant upregulation of ΔFosB expression and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)‑mediated synaptic plasticity may consolidate fundamental eproctophilic neural pathways.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Quintana | first1 = GR | last2 = Mac Cionnaith | first2 = CE | last3 = Pfaus | first3 = JG | title = Behavioral, Neural, and Molecular Mechanisms of Conditioned Mate Preference: The Role of Opioids and First Experiences of Sexual Reward | journal = Int. J. Mol. Sci. | date = 2022-08-10 | volume = 23 | issue = 16 | pages = 8928 | doi = 10.3390/ijms23168928 | pmid = 36012194 | pmc = 9409009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Greenhill |first=Richard |date=2018-03-01 |title=Meet the Men Who Have a Fart Fetish |website=VICE |publisher=VICE Digital Publishing, LLC |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/meet-the-men-who-have-a-fart-fetish |access-date=2025-06-21 }}</ref> Sexual arousal suppresses [[disgust]],<ref name="Oaten2019">{{cite journal | last1 = Oaten | first1 = M | last2 = Stevenson | first2 = RJ | last3 = Tapp | first3 = C | last4 = Case | first4 = TI | last5 = Cousins | first5 = A | title = The Role of Disgust in Male Sexual Decision‑Making | journal = Frontiers in Psychology | year = 2019 | volume = 9 | pages = 2602 | doi = 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02602 | pmid = 30723444 | pmc = 6350445 }}</ref><ref name="Fleischman2015">{{cite journal | last1 = Fleischman | first1 = DS | last2 = Hamilton | first2 = LD | last3 = Fessler | first3 = DM | last4 = Meston | first4 = CM | title = Disgust versus Lust: Exploring the Interactions of Disgust and Fear with Sexual Arousal in Women | journal = PLoS ONE | year = 2015 | volume = 10 | issue = 6 | pages = e0118151 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0118151 | pmid = 26106894 | pmc = 4479551 }}</ref> which can facilitate the learned association between flatulence and sexual gratification. Postorgasmic shame or disgust (if present<ref name="DisgustScale1994">{{cite journal | last1 = Haidt | first1 = Jonathan | last2 = McCauley | first2 = Christina | last3 = Rozin | first3 = Paul | year = 1994 | title = Individual differences in sensitivity to disgust: A scale sampling seven domains of disgust elicitors | journal = Personality and Individual Differences | volume = 16 | issue = 5 | pages = 701–713 | doi = 10.1016/0191-8869(94)90212-7 | url = https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1994-39581-001 | accessdate = June 25, 2025 }}</ref>) can activate the amygdala, which then modulates memory-storage processes in hippocampus and related structures,<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = McGaugh | first1 = JL | last2 = Cahill | first2 = L | last3 = Roozendaal | first3 = B | title = Involvement of the amygdala in memory storage: interaction with other brain systems | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | date = 1996-11-26 | volume = 93 | issue = 24 | pages = 13508–13514 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.93.24.13508 | pmid = 8942964 | pmc = 33638 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Croucher | first1 = CJ | last2 = Calder | first2 = AJ | last3 = Ramponi | first3 = C | last4 = Barnard | first4 = PJ | last5 = Murphy | first5 = FC | title = Disgust enhances the recollection of negative emotional images | journal = PLoS One | date = 2011-11-16 | volume = 6 | issue = 11 | pages = e26571 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0026571 | pmid = 22110588 | pmc = 3217922 }}</ref> strengthening the fetish imprint. Neural circuits established during early development remain latent until the pubertal surge of testosterone which activates and consolidates sexual pathways,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sisk |first1=CL |last2=Zehr |first2=JL |title=Pubertal hormones organize the adolescent brain and behavior |journal=Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology |year=2005 |volume=26 |issue=3–4 |pages=163–174 |doi=10.1016/j.yfrne.2005.10.003 |pmid=16309736 }}</ref> including imprinted paraphilic ones if reinforced through [[operant conditioning]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jordan |first1=K |last2=Fromberger |first2=P |last3=Stolpmann |first3=G |last4=Muller |first4=JL |title=The role of testosterone in sexuality and paraphilia - A neurobiological approach. Part I: testosterone and sexuality |journal=The Journal of Sexual Medicine |year=2011 |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=2993-3007 |doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02394.x |pmid=21810181 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tenbergen |first1=Gilian |last2=Wittfoth |first2=Matthias |last3=Frieling |first3=Helge |last4=Ponseti |first4=Jorge |last5=Walter |first5=Martin |last6=Walter |first6=Henrik |last7=Beier |first7=Klaus M. |last8=Schiffer |first8=Boris |last9=Kruger |first9=Tillmann H. C. |title=The Neurobiology and Psychology of Pedophilia: Recent Advances and Challenges |journal=Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |date=2015 |volume=9 |doi=10.3389/fnhum.2015.00344 |issn=1662-5161 |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/human-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00344 }}</ref> Paraphilias have been observed to cluster within families heterogeneously, suggesting a potential familial psychosocial transmission of paraphilias.<ref name="Labelle2012">{{cite journal | last1 = Labelle | first1 = A | last2 = Bourget | first2 = D | last3 = Bradford | first3 = JM | last4 = Alda | first4 = M | last5 = Tessier | first5 = P | title = Familial paraphilia: a pilot study with the construction of genograms | journal = ISRN Psychiatry | date = 2012-03-04 | volume = 2012 | pages = 692813 | doi = 10.5402/2012/692813 | pmid = 23738209 | pmc = 3658696 }}</ref> A portion of eproctolagniacs may have neurobiological differences,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jordan |first=Kirsten |last2=Fromberger |first2=Peter |last3=Stolpmann |first3=Georg |last4=Müller |first4=Jürgen Leo |title=The role of testosterone in sexuality and paraphilia—A neurobiological approach. Part II: testosterone and paraphilia |journal=J Sex Med |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=3008–3029 |year=2011 |doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02393.x |pmid=21797985}}</ref> such as differences in [[brain]] structure or function.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jordan |first=Konrad |last2=Lücker |first2=Erik |last3=Pietrzyk |first3=Ulrike |chapter=Structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging in assessing sexual preference |editor-last=Thienel |editor-first=Boris |editor-last2=Crépault |editor-first2=Antoine |title=Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences |volume=32 |pages=163–182 |publisher=Springer |year=2017 |doi=10.1007/7854_2016_58}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Eproctophilia: What It Is, Symptoms, Causes and Treatment |url=https://psychologyfor.com/eproctophilia-what-it-is-symptoms-causes-and-treatment/ |website=Psychology For |date=August 2024 |access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> A study of paraphilic individuals revealed elevated levels of central monamines including [[dopamine]], [[serotonin]], and norepinephrine, along with decreased levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in [[urine]], a principal dopamine metabolite. These suggest neurochemical dysregulation of sexual reward/impulse circuits in paraphilics.<ref name="Kamenskov2019">{{cite journal | last1 = Kamenskov | first1 = M. Yu. | last2 = Gurina | first2 = O. I. | title = Neurotransmitter mechanisms of paraphilic disorders | journal = Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S. S. Korsakova | language = Russian | year = 2019 | volume = 119 | issue = 8 | pages = 61–67 | doi = 10.17116/jnevro201911908161 | pmid = 31626172 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vander Molen |first1=Lauryn |last2=Ronis |first2=Scott T. |last3=Benoit |first3=Aryn A. |title=Paraphilic Interests Versus Behaviors: Factors that Distinguish Individuals Who Act on Paraphilic Interests From Individuals Who Refrain |journal=Sexual Abuse |date=June 2023 |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=403–427 |doi=10.1177/10790632221108949 |pmid=35699951 |pmc=10189825 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10189825/ |access-date=29 June 2025}}</ref> The [[taboo|taboos]] and [[social stigma]] may contribute to the development of the fetish for some individuals through abjection. Some eproctolagniacs espouse the act of cathartic farting to be seen as an act of [[intimacy]] and breaking down barriers.<ref name="Griffiths2013"></ref> Eric Jones suggests that some eproctolagniacs may be socially ostracized and use flatulence as an alternate means of achieving emotional intimacy.<ref>{{cite thesis | last = Jones | first = Eric | title = Sexual Paraphilias as an Alternative Route to Emotional Intimacy | type = Doctoral dissertation | institution = Alliant International University | location = Irvine, California | year = 2018 | page = 5–6 | url = https://www.proquest.com/openview/e91f19c46eb5a742dd13c0c6cc83cf24/1 | access-date = 29 June 2025 }}</ref> A small informal convenience survey of young adults found that approximately 29 percent of respondents felt comfortable farting in front of their romantic partner between two and six months into the relationship,<ref name="Hakala2016">{{cite web | last = Hakala | first = Kate | title = Here’s When It’s OK to Start Openly Farting in a Relationship | url = https://www.mic.com/articles/137243/here-s-when-it-s-ok-to-start-openly-farting-in-a-relationship | website = Mic | publisher = BDG Media, Inc. | date = 2016-03-08 | access-date = 2025-06-09 }}</ref> indicating that the act functions as a marker of mutual comfort (colloquially called "breaking the fart barrier").<ref>{{cite web | last = Hogan | first = Brianne | title = Why Farting In Front Of Your Partner Is Actually Good For Your Relationship | url = https://www.scarymommy.com/lifestyle/why-farting-is-good-for-your-relationship | website = Scary Mommy | publisher = BDG Media, Inc. | date = 2024-11-27 | access-date = 2025-06-09 }}</ref> Lauren Rosewarne suggests many eproctolagniacs have a voyeuristic attraction to seeing women farting,<ref name="Rosewarne2013"></ref> particularly because of the gender pigeonhole that positions women as not supposed to fart publicly.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Weinberg | first1 = Martin S. | last2 = Williams | first2 = Colin J. | title = Fecal Matters: Habitus, Embodiments, and Deviance | journal = Social Problems | volume = 52 | issue = 3 | pages = 315–336 | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1525/sp.2005.52.3.315 | url = https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.2005.52.3.315 | access-date = 2025-06-09 }}</ref><ref name="Griffiths2013"></ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Cherie | first = Mistress Erisiana | title = Why would a guy want to be farted on? | website = Creative Loafing Tampa Bay | date = 22 November 2010 | url = https://www.cltampa.com/news/why-would-a-guy-want-to-be-farted-on-12286018 | access-date = 26 June 2025 }}</ref> Studies have shown that olfactory function is associated with sexual [[motivation]] and satisfaction.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Iuliano | first1 = Simone | last2 = Zagari | first2 = Maria C. | last3 = Frasca Polara | first3 = Giuseppe | last4 = Rotella | first4 = Giorgio | last5 = La Vignera | first5 = Sandro | last6 = Greco | first6 = Enrico A. | last7 = Liuzza | first7 = Marco T. | last8 = Aversa | first8 = Antonio | title = Global olfactory function correlates with global sexual functioning in men and women | journal = Minerva Medica | date = December 2023 | volume = 114 | issue = 6 | pages = 785–794 | doi = 10.23736/S0026-4806.23.08753-0 | pmid = 37382520 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last = Bendas | first = Julia | last2 = Hummel | first2 = Thomas | last3 = Croy | first3 = Ilona | year = 2018 | title = Olfactory function relates to sexual experience in adults | journal = Archives of Sexual Behavior | volume = 47 | issue = 5 | pages = 1333–1339 | doi = 10.1007/s10508-018-1203-x | pmid = 29721723 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Siegel | first1 = Jason K. | last2 = Kung | first2 = Shanna Y. | last3 = Wroblewski | first3 = Kristen E. | last4 = Kern | first4 = David W. | last5 = McClintock | first5 = Martha K. | last6 = Pinto | first6 = Jayant M. | title = Olfaction Is Associated With Sexual Motivation and Satisfaction in Older Men and Women | journal = The Journal of Sexual Medicine | date = February 2021 | volume = 18 | issue = 2 | pages = 295–302 | doi = 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.12.002 | pmid = 33423973 | pmc = 8694566 }}</ref> A high volume of malodorous flatus may indicate a diet rich in [[protein]] and [[fiber]] in a partner. [[Traumatic brain injury|Brain injuries]] and [[multiple sclerosis]] may lead one to spontaneously acquire paraphilias,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frohman |first=E. M. |last2=Frohman |first2=T. C. |last3=Moreault |first3=A. M. |title=Acquired Sexual Paraphilia in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis |journal=Archives of Neurology |volume=59 |issue=6 |pages=1006–1010 |year=2002 |doi=10.1001/archneur.59.6.1006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last = Bianchi-Demicheli | first = F. | last2 = Rollini | first2 = C. | last3 = Lovblad | first3 = K. | last4 = Ortigue | first4 = S. | title = “Sleeping Beauty paraphilia”: deviant desire in the context of bodily self-image disturbance in a patient with a fronto-parietal traumatic brain injury | journal = Medical Science Monitor | year = 2010 | volume = 16 | issue = 2 | pages = CS15–CS17 | pmid = 20110923 }}</ref><ref name="Langevin1992">{{cite journal | last = Langevin | first = R. | title = Biological Factors Contributing to Paraphiliac Behavior | journal = Psychiatric Annals | date = June 1992 | volume = 22 | issue = 6 | pages = 307, 309–314 | url = https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/biological-factors-contributing-paraphiliac-behavior | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> hypothetically including eproctophilia. The [[Presenter|host]] of the Fart Fetish Podcast, Raj Jawa,<ref name="Fox59EINPresswire2024">{{cite web | title = Celebrating Three Years of Breaking Taboos: Fart Fetish Podcast Shines a Light on Misunderstood Kinks | website = Fox59 (Business Press Releases) | publisher = EIN Presswire | date = December 9, 2024 | url = https://fox59.com/business/press-releases/ein-presswire/767330143/celebrating-three-years-of-breaking-taboos-fart-fetish-podcast-shines-a-light-on-misunderstood-kinks/ | access-date = June 24, 2025 }}</ref> postulated that since eproctophilia involves sexual conditioning to fart-related alliesthetic visceral cues, it would be mediated via the insula's interoceptive circuitry.<ref name="EproctophiliaOpinion">{{cite web | last1 = Jawa | first1 = Raj | title = Eproctophilia Is Not a Perversion or a Paraphilia | url = https://eproctophilia.org/PDF/eproctophiliaisnotapervsionoraparaphilia..pdf | website = Eproctophilia.org | format = PDF | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> Vagal afferents transmit [[enteric nervous system]] signals to the nucleus tractus solitarius, which regulates dorsal raphe, locus coeruleus, and ventral tegmental area neurons.<ref name="Breit2018">{{cite journal | last1 = Breit | first1 = Sigrid | last2 = Kupferberg | first2 = Aleksandra | last3 = Rogler | first3 = Gerhard | last4 = Hasler | first4 = Gregor | title = Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain–Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders | journal = Frontiers in Psychiatry | year = 2018 | volume = 9 | pages = 44 | doi = 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00044 | url = https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00044/full | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> Colonic enterochromaffin cells in the gut epithelium and gut microbiota synthesize 90 percent of the human body's serotonin and significant portions of other monoamines.<ref name="SerotoninMetabolismSD">{{cite web | title = Serotonin Metabolism | work = Topics in Immunology and Microbiology | publisher = Elsevier (ScienceDirect) | url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/serotonin-metabolism | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> The ENS contains specialized mechanosensitive and chemosensitive neurons that detect gas pressure, [[pH]] indications and the slightest indication of a fart building up. Any ENS-driven perturbations in peripheral monoamines, triggered by sexual arousal to flatulence or dysbiosis, could worsen maladaptive central monoaminergic states, such as hyperdominergic rewards response for fart stimuli or serotonergic–noradrenergic driven fixations, which could underpin compulsive sexual focus on flatulence.<ref name="Kamenskov2019"/> The ENS exhibits activity-dependent plasticity;<ref name="Giaroni1999">Giaroni C, De Ponti F, Cosentino M, Lecchini S, Frigo G (December 1999). "Plasticity in the enteric nervous system". ''Gastroenterology''. '''117''' (6): 1438–1458. doi:10.1016/S0016-5085(99)70295-7. PMID 10579986.</ref><ref name="Schaefer2009">Schäfer KH, Van Ginneken C, Copray S (2009). "Plasticity and neural stem cells in the enteric nervous system". ''Anatomical Record''. 292 (12): 1940–1952. doi:10.1002/ar.21033. PMID 19943347.</ref> consequently, repeated pairings of flatulence and [[orgasm]] may sensitize enteric reflex circuits, thereby amplifying ENS-mediated perturbations and intensifying eproctophilic reward circuits. Additionally, the anterior insular cortex [[Anatomy|anatomically]] and functionally sits at the nexus of interoceptive processing and limbic-reward pathways.<ref name="Gogolla2017">{{cite journal | last1 = Gogolla | first1 = Nadine | title = The insular cortex | journal = Current Biology | date = 19 June 2017 | volume = 27 | issue = 12 | pages = R580–R586 | doi = 10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.010 | pmid = 28633023 | url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982217305468 | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> It maintains dense reciprocal connections with regions established as the neural substrates of sexual desire, such as the [[amygdala]], [[hypothalamus]], nucleus accumbens, and orbitofrontal cortex.<ref name="Calabro2019">{{cite journal | last1 = Calabrò | first1 = Rocco S. | last2 = Cacciola | first2 = Alberto | last3 = Bruschetta | first3 = Daniele | last4 = Milardi | first4 = Demetrio | last5 = Quattrini | first5 = Fabrizio | last6 = Sciarrone | first6 = Francesca | last7 = La Rosa | first7 = Gianluca | last8 = Bramanti | first8 = Placido | last9 = Anastasi | first9 = Giuseppe | title = Neuroanatomy and function of human sexual behavior: A neglected or unknown issue? | journal = Brain and Behavior | year = 2019 | volume = 9 | issue = 12 | pages = e01389 | doi = 10.1002/brb3.1389 | pmid = 31568703 | pmc = PMC6908863 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6908863/ | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref><ref name="Haber2011">{{cite book | last1 = Haber | first1 = Suzanne N. | editor1-last = Gottfried | editor1-first= Jay A. | chapter = 11 | title = Neuroanatomy of Reward: A View from the Ventral Striatum | publisher = CRC Press/Taylor & Francis | location = Boca Raton, FL | year = 2011 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92777/ | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> In some eproctolagniacs, aberrant visceral interoceptive signals encoded in the ENS are relayed via the vagus and mapped in the insula as salient internal states. The insula routes the signals into adjacent sexual-arousals circuits. Therefore flatulence-related interoceptive cues acquire a direct path to the brain's sexual pathway. Orgasmic [[oxytocin]] amplifies and disinhibits the mesolimbic reward circuits,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Petersson |first=Maria |last2=Uvnäs-Moberg |first2=Kerstin |title=Interactions of Oxytocin and Dopamine—Effects on Behavior in Health and Disease |journal=Biomedicines |volume=12 |issue=11 |year=2024 |pages=2440 |doi=10.3390/biomedicines12112440 |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/11/2440}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Pfaus |first=James G. |title=Orgasms, Sexual Pleasure, and Opioid Reward Mechanisms |journal=Sexual Medicine Reviews |year=2025 |doi=10.1093/sxmrev/qeaf023 |url=https://academic.oup.com/smr/advance-article/doi/10.1093/sxmrev/qeaf023/8127191}}</ref> promoting sexual reinforcement of flatulent stimuli. However, no singular cause has been definitively established. The heterogeneity in its manifestation suggests that multiple psychological and developmental factors may be involved, as with other fetishes. ==As a paraphilic disorder== {{Infobox medical condition | name = Eproctophilia | synonyms = Eproctolagnia/eprectolagnia,<ref>{{cite book | last = Aggrawal | first = Anil | year = 2009 | title = Forensic and Medico-Legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices | publisher = CRC Press | isbn = 9781420043082 | url = https://www.google.com/books/edition/Forensic_and_Medico_legal_Aspects_of_Sex/uNkNhPZQprcC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA373 | page = 373 }}</ref> flatus fetishism, flatulophilia, flatuphilia | field = [[Psychiatry]]; Clinical psychology | treatment = Cognitive‑behavioral therapy; psychoeducation }} It is important to note that having a fart fetish is not [[Recognition|recognized]] to be a [[Mental illness|disorder]]. [[Treatment]] for eproctophilia is generally not needed unless it starts becoming a [[problem]] or is ego-dystonic.<ref>{{cite book | last = Griffiths | first = Mark | title = Sexual Perversions and Paraphilias: An A to Z | publisher = Curtis Press | year = 2024 | location = United States | page = 52 | url = https://www.google.com/books?id=SXM1EQAAQBAJ&pg=PT52 | access-date = 29 June 2025 | quote = Treatment for eproctophilia is generally not sought unless in some way it becomes problematic for the person. }}</ref> Therapeutic interventions are primarily focused on reducing internalized shame and facilitating social reintegration.<ref>{{cite book|title=Paraphilias: Phenomenology, Assessment, and Treatment|publisher=Routledge|year=2017|isbn=978-1138809185|editor-last=Beetz|editor-first=A. M.}}</ref> In severe cases, eproctolagniacs may be [[Anhedonia|unable to derive sexual gratification]] unless their partner consecutively and sonorously farts, which can present challenges if they are unable to do so. This might pressure the farting partner to eat more gas producing [[food]] or [[Air pump|pump air]] into their anus to satisfy the eproctolagniac, which can pose [[health]] problems.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Hejna | first1 = Petr | last2 = Zátopková | first2 = Lucie | last3 = Janík | first3 = Matěj | title = Rectal explosion: a strange case of autoerotic death | journal = International Journal of Legal Medicine | date = January 2021 | volume = 135 | issue = 1 | pages = 307–312 | doi = 10.1007/s00414-020-02344-7 | pmid = 32592072 | url = https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-020-02344-7 | access-date = 5 June 2025 }}</ref> In cases like these, the eproctolagniac may be [[Medical diagnosis|diagnosed]] with fetishism disorder under [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|DSM]]-5, as the fetish is coupled with significant [[Distress (medicine)|distress]] or [[Danger|peril]]. A fart fetish sometimes co-occurs with compulsive sexual behavior disorder which is often accompanied by comorbid psychopathologies, including autism, [[depression (mental illness)|depressive]], and [[anxiety disorder|anxiety disorders]].<ref name="Kafka2012">{{cite journal | last1 = Kafka | first1 = M. | year = 2012 | title = Axis I psychiatric disorders, paraphilic sexual offending and implications for pharmacological treatment | journal = Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences | volume = 49 | issue = 4 | pages = 255–261 | pmid = 23585462 }}</ref><ref name="Abrams2023">{{cite thesis | last = Abrams | first = Dylan H. | year = 2023 | title = Examining the Prevalence and Psychopathological Correlates of Paraphilic Interests in a Non-clinical Sample | type = Master’s thesis | institution= Graduate Center, City University of New York | url = https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/5462 | access-date= 2025-06-07 }}</ref><ref name="Briken2024">{{cite journal | last1 = Briken | first1 = P. | last2 = Bothe | first2 = B. | last3 = Carvalho | first3 = J. | last4 = Coleman | first4 = E. | last5 = Giraldi | first5 = A. | last6 = Kraus | first6 = S. W. | last7 = Lew-Starowicz | first7 = M. | last8 = Pfaus | first8 = J. G. | year = 2024 | title = Assessment and treatment of compulsive sexual behavior disorder: a sexual medicine perspective | journal = Sexual Medicine Reviews | volume = 12 | issue = 3 | pages = 355–370 | doi = 10.1093/sxmrev/qeae014 }}</ref> If one with a fart fetish wants to ameliorate their condition, they can get professional mental [[help]]. [[Cognitive behavioral therapy]] (CBT) has been the primary source to address maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors, such as eproctophilia.<ref name="Kaplan2012">{{cite journal | last1 = Kaplan | first1 = M. S. | last2 = Krueger | first2 = R. B. | title = Cognitive-behavioral treatment of the paraphilias | journal = Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences | year = 2012 | volume = 49 | issue = 4 | pages = 291–296 | pmid = 23585466 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Eproctophilia: treatment and causes |url=https://www.mentesabiertaspsicologia.com/blog-psicologia/eproctophilia-treatment-and-causes |website=Mentes Abiertas Psicología |date=20 March 2023 |access-date=12 April 2025}}</ref> Techniques include cognitive restructuring, behavioral rehearsal, and teaching eproctolagniacs to identify and cope with factors that make relapsing imminent. In a dedicated eproctolagniac, extinction may occur with the prolonged absence of flatulent stimuli. Treatment could also include redirecting [[Masturbation|masturbatory]] [[Sexual fantasy|fantasies]] to conventional ones or employing sensate focus therapy to reorient sexual arousal toward normophilic stimuli. In some cases, CBT can be used in combination with [[Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor|selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors]] (SSRIs).<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Coskun | first1 = Murat | last2 = Ozturk | first2 = Mucahit | title = Sexual Fetishism in Adolescence: Report of Two Cases | journal = Düşünen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences | volume = 26 | issue = 2 | pages = 199–205 | date = 2013-06-01 | doi = 10.5350/DAJPN2013260210 | url = https://dusunenadamdergisi.org/storage/upload/pdfs/1587029640-en.pdf | access-date = 2025-04-13 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Guay | first1 = David R. P. | title = Drug treatment of paraphilic and nonparaphilic sexual disorders | journal = Clinical Therapeutics | volume = 31 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–31 | date = 2009-01-01 | doi = 10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.01.009 | pmid = 19243704 | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19243704/ | access-date = 2025-04-13 }}</ref><ref name="SpringerCh255">{{cite book | last1 = Malandain | first1 = Leo | last2 = Chagraoui | first2 = Abdeslam | last3 = Thibaut | first3 = Florence | chapter = Psychopharmacotherapy of Sexual Disorders | editor1-last = Riederer | editor1-first= Peter | editor2-last = Laux | editor2-first= Gerd | editor3-last = Nagatsu | editor3-first= Toshiharu | editor4-last = Le | editor4-first= Weidong | editor5-last = Riederer | editor5-first= Christian | title = NeuroPsychopharmacotherapy | series = Reference work | publisher = Springer Cham | year = 2022 | pages = 4171–4206 | doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-62059-2_255 | isbn = 978-3-030-62059-2 | url = https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62059-2_255 | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> [[Naltrexone]] has been tried for compulsive sexual behaviour and paraphilic behaviour, based on the idea of dampering reward-seeking behaviour in behavioural [[addiction]] or treating concurrent addictions.<ref name="Raymond2010">{{cite journal | last1 = Raymond | first1 = Nancy C. | last2 = Grant | first2 = Jon E. | last3 = Coleman | first3 = Eli | title = Augmentation with naltrexone to treat compulsive sexual behavior: A case series | journal = Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology | date = February 2010 | volume = 22 | issue = 1 | pages = 56–62 | url = https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/fmc/acp/2010/00000022/00000001/art00008 | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref><ref name="Savard2020">{{cite journal | last1 = Savard | first1 = J. | last2 = Öberg | first2 = K. G. | last3 = Chatzittofis | first3 = A. | last4 = Dhejne | first4 = C. | last5 = Arver | first5 = S. | last6 = Jokinen | first6 = J. | title = Naltrexone in compulsive sexual behavior disorder: A feasibility study of twenty men | journal = The Journal of Sexual Medicine | date = August 2020 | volume = 17 | issue = 8 | pages = 1544–1552 | doi = <!-- Add DOI if available --> | url = https://academic.oup.com/jsm/article-abstract/17/8/1544/6973797 | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> Convert sensitization methods such as aversion therapy can be used to reduce compulsive behaviors by applying negative punishments.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Callahan | first1=E. J. | last2=Leitenberg | first2=H. | title=Aversion therapy for sexual deviation: Contingent shock and covert sensitization | journal=Journal of Abnormal Psychology | volume=81 | issue=1 | pages=60–73 | year=1973 | doi=10.1037/h0034025 | url=https://doi.org/10.1037/h0034025 }}</ref> Its use is associated with lower recidivism.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Culos | first1 = Camille | last2 = Di Grazia | first2 = Marco | last3 = Meneguzzo | first3 = Paola | title = Pharmacological Interventions in Paraphilic Disorders: Systematic Review and Insights | journal = Journal of Clinical Medicine | date = 7 March 2024 | volume = 13 | issue = 6 | pages = 1524 | doi = 10.3390/jcm13061524 | pmid = 38541750 | pmc = 10971111 }}</ref> Eproctolagniacs with childhood trauma may be treated with Eye Movement Densensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy to mitigate their underlying trauma.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = de Jongh | first1 = Ad | last2 = de Roos | first2 = Carlijn | last3 = El-Leithy | first3 = S. | title = State of the science: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy | journal = Journal of Traumatic Stress | volume = 37 | issue = 2 | pages = 205–216 | date = April 2024 | doi = 10.1002/jts.23012 | pmid = 38282286 | publication-date = 2024-01-28 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Zolik | first = Mary‑Beth | title = How Sexual Obsessions & Fetishes Develop & How to Treat Them | website = EMDR Healing | publisher = EMDR Healing | date = June 15, 2019 | url = https://emdrhealing.com/how-sexual-obsessions-develop/ | access-date = June 24, 2025 }}</ref> Research suggests repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may help reduce sexual compulsivity in individuals with paraphilic disorders by targeting brain regions implicated in inhibitory control, particularly the cortical nodes in the cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical loop such as the dorsolateral [[Pre-frontal cortex|prefontal cortex]] (DLPFC) and the supplementary motor area (SMA).<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Schecklmann | first1 = Martin | last2 = Sakreida | first2 = Katrin | last3 = Oblinger | first3 = Britta | last4 = Langguth | first4 = Berthold | last5 = Poeppl | first5 = Timm B. | title = Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Potential Tool to Reduce Sexual Arousal: A Proof of Concept Study | journal = The Journal of Sexual Medicine | volume = 17 | issue = 8 | pages = 1553–1559 | date = August 2020 | doi = 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.05.002 | url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1743609520306093 | issn = 1743-6095 }} </ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Tripathi | first1 = A. | last2 = Singh | first2 = A. | last3 = Singh | first3 = H. | last4 = Kar | first4 = S. K. | title = Successful use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in difficult to treat hypersexual disorder | journal = Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences | volume = 9 | issue = 3 | pages = 207–209 | date = July–September 2016 | doi = 10.4103/0974-1208.192074 | pmid = 27803590 | pmc = 5070404 }} </ref> This noninvasive intervention may help eproctolagniacs control their sexual impulses to fart-related stimuli by inhibiting the SMA and exciting the right DLPCF under IRB approval. As a last resort, chemical [[castration]] may be employed through the use of [[Gonadotropin-releasing hormone|luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone]] (LHRH) [[agonist|agonists]] or antiandrogens such as cyproterone acetate.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bradford |first=J. M. |title=The neurobiology, neuropharmacology, and pharmacological treatment of the paraphilias and compulsive sexual behaviour |journal=Can J Psychiatry |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=26–34 |year=2001 |doi=10.1177/070674370104600104 |pmid=11221487}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Garcia | first1 = Frederico D. | last2 = Thibaut | first2 = Florence | title = Current concepts in the pharmacotherapy of paraphilias | journal = Drugs | volume = 71 | issue = 6 | pages = 771–790 | date = 2011-04-16 | doi = 10.2165/11585490-000000000-00000 | pmid = 21504253 | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21504253/ | access-date = 2025-04-13 }}</ref> They should be considered only in cases where the eproctolagniac's behaviours pose a significant risk to themselves or others, and when less invasive treatments have been ineffective, as the use of chemical castrations methods may come along with problematic side effects such as [[osteoporosis]] and [[Liver disease|liver dysfunction]]. All in all, the [[prognosis]] of eproctophilia is poor. Heterosexual cisgender men's sexuality orientations and paraphilic interests tend to be highly stable,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bailey |first1=J. Michael |last2=Pillard |first2=Richard C. |title=A genetic study of male sexual orientation |journal=Archives of General Psychiatry |year=1991 |volume=48 |issue=12 |pages=1089–1096 |doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810360031005 |pmid=1750785 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Savin-Williams |first1=RC |last2=Ream |first2=GL |title=Prevalence and Stability of Sexual Orientation Components During Adolescence and Young Adulthood |journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior |year=2007 |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=385–394 |doi=10.1007/s10508-006-9088-5 }}</ref> whereas women's sexuality orientations tend to be more fluid.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kinnish |first1=K.K. |last2=Strassberg |first2=D.S. |last3=Turner |first3=C.W. |title=Sex differences in the flexibility of sexual orientation: a multidimensional retrospective assessment |journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior |year=2005 |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=173–183 |doi=10.1007/s10508-005-1795-9 |pmid=15803251 |s2cid=8545091 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bailey |first1=J. Michael |last2=Vasey |first2=Paul |last3=Diamond |first3=Lisa |last4=Breedlove |first4=S. Marc |last5=Vilain |first5=Eric |last6=Epprecht |first6=Marc |title=Sexual Orientation, Controversy, and Science |journal=Psychological Science in the Public Interest |date=2016 |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=45–101 |doi=10.1177/1529100616637616 |pmid=27113562 }}</ref> Fart fetishism is generally considered unalterable and life-long,<ref name="SetoAhmed2014">{{cite journal|first1=Michael C.|last1=Seto|authorlink1=Michael C. Seto|first2=AG|last2=Ahmed|title=Treatment and management of child pornography use|journal=Psychiatric Clinics of North America|volume=37|issue=2|pages=207–214|year=2014|pmid=24877707|doi=10.1016/j.psc.2014.03.004}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title = Treatments to Change Sexual Orientation | journal = The American Journal of Psychiatry | volume = 157 | issue = 5 | pages = 838 | date = May 2000 | url = https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.838 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110612020545/https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.838 | archive-date = 12 June 2011 | access-date = 12 April 2025 }}</ref> but CBT can help reduce negative [[symptoms]] and prevent [[criminal]] [[behaviour]], while pharmacological treatments can lower libido and compulsivity. There are no significant studies specifically focused on fart fetishism. Still, it is considered one of the many forms of sexual interest that can be classified as a paraphilia, which refers to unusual sexual preferences. Fart fetishism typically becomes more noticeable in [[adulthood]], though the specific causes or origins of this interest are not very well understood. == Cultural and social context== [[File:Maerzforderungen.png|thumb|Illustration of “The demands of the people” during the revolutions of 1848/49. “Vox populi” is sarcastically likened to a fart|155x155px]] Flatulence (and, more broadly, fart fetishism) is often viewed negatively in virtually every [[culture]], contributing to the taboo surrounding eproctophilia. In many [[Society|societies]], flatulence is considered socially inappropriate or [[Embarrassment|embarrassing]], which may trigger psychological reactance and thus intensify the fetishistic allure for some individuals. On the contrary, the stigma may lead some individuals with this fetish to feel [[Social isolation|isolated]] or reluctant to discuss their [[Interest (emotion)|interests]] openly.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Combridge | first1 = Kirra | last2 = Lastella | first2 = Michele | title = Stigmatisation of People with Deviant Sexual Interest: A Comparative Study | journal = Sexes | volume = 4 | issue = 1 | pages = 7–25 | year = 2023 | doi = 10.3390/sexes4010002 | url = https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5118/4/1/2 | access-date = 2025-04-14 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Fisher |first1=KA |last2=Marwaha |first2=R |title=Paraphilia |website=StatPearls [Internet] |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |date=2023-03-06 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554425/ |access-date=2025-06-10 }}</ref> They may cope through farts, perpetuating a self-reinforcing cycle that exacerbates eproctophilia. When eproctolagniacs pose a risk to others, therapists may be legally compelled to report such behaviour to authorities under mandatory reporting laws. This may impede their access to treatment, a crucial safeguard against the commission of sexual offenses. Although it is not widely [[Conversation|discussed]], it [[Existence|exists]] as part of the diversity of [[human]] [[Sexual orientation|sexual preferences]]. Historically, eproctophilia was often conflated with coprophilia and scatology, but it has increasingly been recognized as a distinct paraphilic focus. Elizabeth Eva Leach has identified three of the 15th-century sottes chansons in Bodleian MS Douce 308, titled “Or suivez qui me disait,” “Fille, qu’avez-vous fait ?” and “Je ne suis mie folle,” as some early literary examples of eproctophilia.<ref name="Leach2023">Leach, Elizabeth Eva. ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Medieval_Sex_Lives/lunLEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA122 Medieval Sex Lives: The Sounds of Courtly Intimacy on the Francophone Borders]''. United States: Cornell University Press, 2023, p. 122.</ref> The 17th century works of the English writer Thomas d'Urfey depicted only women depicted as farting, reflecting the [[Misogyny|misogynistic]] belief that women were objects of casual sexual desire.<ref>{{cite web | last = Pittaway | first = Ian | title = "A brief history of farting in early music and literature" | website = Early Music Muse | date = 3 January 2025 | orig-date = 27 July 2016 | url = https://earlymusicmuse.com/a-brief-history-of-farting/ | access-date= 10 June 2025 }}</ref> His most famous musical hit was "The Fart", followed by "The Second Part of The Fart". During the [[Augustan literature|British Augustan]] age, there were several flatulence-related works of [[erotica]] circulated in underground [[pamphlets]]. For example, the names “Miss-Pop fart”, "Mrs. Tickle-Fart", “Madam Rousing Fart”, and "Tabitha Turnip-Fart" were coined to reflect some Augustan works of erotica.<ref name="Barchas2024">{{Cite book | last = Barchas | first = Janine | editor1-last = Pettit | editor1-first = Alexander | editor2-last = Spedding | editor2-first = Patrick | title = Eighteenth-Century British Erotica, Part II, Volume 1 | publisher = Taylor & Francis | location = London | year = 2024 | isbn = 9781040238424 | url = https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9781040238424_A49445550/preview-9781040238424_A49445550.pdf | access-date = 2025-04-14 }}</ref> Notable among these pamphlets is ''The Benefit of Farting Explain'd'',<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Puff-Indorst | first1 = Don Fartinando | last2 = Swift | first2 = Jonathan | last3 = Fizzle | first3 = Obadiah | title = ''The Benefit of Farting Explain’d : Or, the Fundament-All Cause of the Distempers Incident to the Fair-Sex, Enquired into. Proving à Posteriori Most of the Dis-Ordures In-Tail’d upon Them, Are Owing to Flatulencies Not Seasonably Vented. Wrote in Spanish by Don Fartinando Puff-Indorst Professor of Bumbast in the University of Crackow. And Translated into English at the Request, and for the Use, of the Lady Damp-Fart of Her-Fart-Shire. By Obadiah Fizzle, Groom of the Stool to the Princess of Arsimini in Sardinia.'' | place = Longford in Ireland [i.e. London] | publisher = Simon Bumbubbard | year = 1722 | url = http://find.galegroup.com/ecco/infomark.do?contentSet=ECCOArticles&amp;docType=ECCOArticles&amp;bookId=0092301100&amp;type=getFullCitation&amp;tabID=T001&amp;prodId=ECCO&amp;docLevel=TEXT_GRAPHICS&amp;version=1.0&amp;source=library | access-date = 10 June 2025 }}</ref> a pseudomedical pamphlet published in 1722 that argued for the therapeutic necessity of farting, particularly in women. That same year saw the publication of ''Arse Musica; or, The Lady’s Back Report to Don Fart-in-hand-o Puff-in dorst'', a flatulent parody of [[Italy|Italian]] opera that celebrated the aesthetic pleasures of bodily emissions coming from the anus. This was followed by ''The Beau's Miscellany'',<ref>{{cite book | title = ''The Beau's Miscellany: Being a New and Curious Collection of Amorous Tales, Diverting Song, and Entertaining Poems. Part II.'' | editor = Various Hands | place = London | publisher = A. Moore | date = 1731 <!-- imprint undated; ESTC suggests [1731?] --> | format = Duodecimo | series = ECCO – BOD | id = ESTC T80397; EEBO CW3312781141 | url = http://find.galegroup.com/ecco/infomark.do?&prodId=ECCO&docId=CW3312781141 | access-date = 10 June 2025 }}</ref> a collection of verse and prose where in flatulence serves as a titillating motif and de facto [[comedy|comedic relief]]. Collectively, these texts exemplify an [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightment]]-era libertine tradition in which farting was also seen as erotic by some. A depiction of eproctophilia appears in the Marquis de Sade unfinished novel ''The 120 Days of Sodom'', written in 1785 and published in 1904 after its manuscript was rediscovered. The book describes the activities of four wealthy libertine Frenchmen who spend four months seeking the ultimate sexual gratification through orgies, including eproctophilic activities. One episode describes a character who “knelt down before that decrepit bum and kissed it lovingly; farts were blown up his nose, he waxed ecstatic…,” illustrating vivid exploitation of flatulence as sexual stimulus.<ref name="SadeSupervert">{{cite web |last = Sade |first = Donatien Alphonse François, Marquis de |title = ''The 120 Days of Sodom'' |url = https://16beavergroup.org/pdf/120_days_of_sodom.pdf |publisher = Supervert 32C Inc. |date = 2002 |format = PDF |page = 125 |access-date= 2025-06-05}}</ref> The [[18th century|eighteenth-century]] discourses of flatulence and female outlawry demonstrate sexual experimentation and the possible existence of eproctophilia throughout [[history]]. In [[Mark Twain]]'s risqué squib "1601", published anonymous in 1880, flatulence was depicted in a sexually suggestive manner.<ref>{{cite book | last = Twain | first = Mark | title = 1601 | edition = Collected in ''Mark Twain’s Library of Humor'' | publisher = Harper & Brothers | year = 1882 | pages = 45–58 | isbn = 9780060973810 }}</ref><ref name="Beck2003">{{cite book | last = Beck | first = Lewis | title = ''Mark Twain and Metaphor'' | publisher = University of Missouri Press | year = 2003 | pages = 43–47 | isbn = 9780826217622 }}</ref> [[James Joyce]], the renowned [[Irish people|Irish]] [[author]], exhibited eproctophilic tendencies, as evidenced by his intimate correspondence with Nora Barnacle. James Joyce's erotographomaniac [[letter|letters]] to Nora Barnacle from 1909 revealed his fascination with her farts, as he expressed a [[desire]] to hear her "tiny little naughty farties" and described them as "fat dirty farts".<ref>{{cite book | editor-last = Gilbert | editor-first = Stuart | author-last = Joyce | author-first = James | title = Letters of James Joyce | publisher = Viking Press; Faber & Faber | location = New York; London | date = 1957–1966 | oclc = 2397715 | url = https://www.worldcat.org/title/letters-of-james-joyce/oclc/2397715 | access-date = 7 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = James Joyce’s Love Letters to Nora Barnacle, His ‘Dirty Little Fuckbird.’ | date = 2021-07-28 | website = The Paris Review | url = https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2018/02/02/james-joyces-love-letters-dirty-little-fuckbird/ | access-date = 2025-04-12 }}</ref> He noted that Nora's farts with each thrust heightened his erotic arousal and claimed he could pick hers out in a room full of a room of farting women. He further exemplified eproctophilia in the "Bella / Bello” vignette of the “Circe” episode, where Bella demanded bystanders to hold Bloom down and farted directly onto his face.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Thomas | first = Frankie | title = Unspeakable "Circe": Sexual Perversion and the Lacanian Detour in Ulysses | journal = James Joyce Quarterly | volume = 54 | issue = 3–4 | pages = 303–313 | year = 2017 | publisher = The University of Tulsa | issn = 1938-6036 | url = https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/80/article/707927 | access-date = 2025-06-27 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Mason | first = Clara | title = Concepts of Memory: Molly Bloom and St Augustine | website = Bloomsday Sydney Foundation | date = 2013 | url = https://www.bloomsdaysydney.com/Foundation/foundation/concepts_of_memory.html | access-date = 2025-06-27 | quote = Bello: 'Well, I’m not. Wait. (He holds in his breath) Curse it. Here. This bung’s about burst. (He uncorks himself behind: then, contorting his features, farts loudly) Take that! (He recorks himself) Yes, by jingo, sixteen three quarters. Bloom: (A sweat breaking out over him) Not man. (He sniffs) Woman.' }}</ref> Although presented in a literary context, similar behaviors have been described in clinical literature. One of the earliest clinical cases of flatulence fetishism appears in a 1994 psychoanalytic report of a fetishistic cross-dresser presenting with a recalcitrant symptom of anal flatulence related to a transference perversion.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Baker | first1 = R. | title = Psychoanalysis as a lifeline: a clinical study of a transference perversion | journal = International Journal of Psychoanalysis | date = August 1994 | volume = 75 | issue = Pt 4 | pages = 743–753 | pmid = 7989146 }}</ref> In this case, the act of flatulence functioned as a central component for the patient's sexual gratification, consistent with eproctophilic interests. In Brazil, the production [[company]] MFX Media makes fetish videos that include fart-fetish content. The company gained international attention after it released a [[coprophilia|coprophilic]] video titled "[[2 Girls 1 Cup]]". The video showed extreme fetish acts and was made by MFX Media's director, Marco Antônio Fiorito. Fiorito described himself as a "compulsive fetishist" and began making fetish [[films]] in the [[1990s]]. In 2008, a Brazilian eproctophilic short film titled "Cake Farts" gained virality online.<ref>{{cite web |last=Dictionary.com Staff |title=cake farts |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/pop-culture/cake-farts/ |website=Pop Culture dictionary |publisher=Dictionary.com |date=May 16, 2018 |access-date=June 22, 2025}}</ref> In episode 1206 of South Park, titled "Over Logging", the character Randy Marsh searches up "Brazilian fart porn", ejaculating to it.<ref>Piero, M. (2021). "[https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91944-3_5 The Chronotope of the Fart as Pharmakon in *South Park: The Fractured But Whole*]." In *Video Game Chronotopes and Social Justice*. Palgrave Games in Context. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.</ref> A Japanese company named Fart FeTish Club (ファートフェチ) produced and distributed fart fetish films in the early 2000s.<ref>[https://www.google.com/books?id=xCSjuwDKchkC&pg=PA26 "The Farting Femmes of NonVirtuous Reality"]Dawson, Jim. ''Blame It on the Dog: A Modern History of the Fart''. (Illustrated edition). Clarkson Potter/Ten Speed, 2006. p. 26. ISBN 1580087515, 9781580087513.</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Griffith |first=Jackson |date=2004-01-08 |title=Fetish of Woman’s Fart |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203025955/https://www.newsreview.com/sacramento/content/fetish-of-womans-fart/26890/|website=News & Review |publisher=Sacramento News & Review |access-date=2025-06-29 }}</ref> In modern day, a notable incident is when the former reality television star from the [[United States]], Stephanie Matto, was [[hospital|hospitalized]] in 2022 after modifying her [[diet]] to accommodate her [[business]] of [[jar|jars]] containing her farts. This practice eventually led her to [[dyspnea|difficulty breathing]] caused by excessive gas accumulation,<ref>{{cite web | last = Lee | first = Bruce Y. | title = 90 Day Fiancé Star Sells Her Farts in Jars Then Suffers Health Scare | website = Forbes | publisher = Forbes Magazine | date = 8 January 2022 | url = https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2022/01/08/90-day-fianc-star-sells-farts-in-jars-then-suffers-health-scare/ | access-date = 12 April 2025 }}</ref> prompting other creators to supersede her.<ref>{{cite web | last = Alford | first = Aaron | title = Amouranth is now selling jars of her farts and hot tub water for ridiculous prices | website = Inven Global | date = 28 February 2022 | url = https://www.invenglobal.com/articles/16596/amouranth-starts-business-selling-her-own-scent-jars-and-hot-tub-water | access-date = 26 June 2025 }}</ref> In March 2025, [[DC Comics]] released the one-short ''Harley Quinn Fartacular: Silent Butt Deadly'', which centers its plot entirely on flatulence and included a built-in [[scratch-and-sniff]] feature. Some reviewers argued that the comic functioned more as a fart-fetish comic than a traditional [[superhero]] story, with its prolonged focus on flatulence and visceral imagery as evidence of fetishistic intent rather than typical hero action.<ref>{{cite web | last=Luken | first=Jackson | date=26 March 2025 | title=Harley Quinn Fartacular: Silent Butt Deadly #1 review | website=Batman News | url=https://batman-news.com/2025/03/26/harley-quinn-fartacular-silent-butt-deadly-1-review/ | access-date=10 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Goldfield | first=Ray | date=26 March 2025 | title=Review – Harley Quinn Fartacular: Silent Butt Deadly #1 – Yep, That’s the Title | website=GeekDad | url=https://geekdad.com/2025/03/review-harley-quinn-fartacular-silent-butt-deadly-1-yep-thats-the-title/ | access-date=10 June 2025 }}</ref> Research has shown that trace amounts of [[hydrogen sulfide]] may prevent [[mitochondrial]] damage in [[cells]].<ref>{{cite journal | last = Murphy | first = Brian | last2 = Bhattacharya | first2 = Rajat | last3 = Mukherjee | first3 = Priyabrata | year = 2019 | title = Hydrogen sulfide signaling in mitochondria and disease | journal = The FASEB Journal | volume = 33 | issue = 12 | pages = 13098–13125 | doi = 10.1096/fj.201901304R | pmid = 31648556 | pmc = PMC6894098 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Paul | first1 = Biswanath D. | last2 = Snyder | first2 = Solomon H. | last3 = Kashfi | first3 = Kamal | title = Effects of hydrogen sulfide on mitochondrial function and cellular bioenergetics | journal = Redox Biology | date = January 2021 | volume = 38 | pages = 101772 | doi = 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101772 | pmid = 33137711 | pmc = 7606857 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last = Fu | first = Ming | last2 = Zhang | first2 = Weihua | last3 = Wu | first3 = Lingyun | last4 = Yang | first4 = Guangdong | last5 = Li | first5 = Hongzhu | last6 = Wang | first6 = Rui | year = 2012 | title = Hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) metabolism in mitochondria and its regulatory role in energy production | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 109 | issue = 8 | pages = 2943–2948 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1115634109 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Sniffing your partner’s farts could help ward off disease | url = https://nypost.com/2017/10/27/sniffing-your-partners-farts-could-help-ward-off-disease/ | website = New York Post | date = October 27, 2017 }}</ref> This has led to the misleading belief that smelling farts could have health benefits. Another common misconception is that farting on someone's face can cause [[Conjunctivitis|pink eye]].<ref>{{cite web | last1 = Dryer | first1 = Courtney | last2 = Boparai | first2 = Jovi | title = Can You Get Pink Eye from a Fart? | website = CorneaCare | date = 2 May 2024 | url = https://mycorneacare.com/eye-health-and-wellness/can-you-get-pink-eye-from-a-fart/ | access-date = 2 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | author = Family Focus Eyecare | title = Can you get Pink Eye from a Fart? What Actually Causes Conjunctivitis? | website = Family Focus Eyecare | date = 24 September 2024 | url = https://www.famfocuseye.com/2024/09/24/can-you-get-pink-eye-from-a-fart-what-actually-causes-conjunctivitis/ | access-date = 20 June 2025 }}</ref> However, farting onto a face through clothing is unlikely to transmit bacteria.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Hot air? | journal = BMJ | date = 22 December 2001 | volume = 323 | issue = 7327 | page = 1449 | pmc = 1121900 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1121900/ | access-date = 20 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | author = James Felton | title = The Australian Scientist Who Tested Whether Farts Spread Disease | website = IFLScience | date = 26 April 2021 | url = https://www.iflscience.com/the-australian-scientist-who-tested-whether-farts-spread-disease-58972 | access-date = 20 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>Lee, Bruce Y. (May 31, 2025). "[https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2025/05/31/tiktoker-claims-fart-near-her-face-caused-7-years-of-sinus-infections/ TikToker Claims Fart Near Her Face Caused 7 Years Of Sinus Infections]". ''Forbes''. Retrieved June 26, 2025.</ref> Because the person farting is generally habituated to the scent of their own flatulence and typically do not experience it as offensive,<ref>{{cite journal | last1=McBurney | first1=D. H. | last2=Levine | first2=J. M. | last3=Cavanaugh | first3=P. H. | year=1976 | title=Psychophysical and social ratings of human body odor | journal=Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin | volume=3 | issue=1 | pages=135–138 | doi=10.1177/014616727600300126 }}</ref><ref>Komarla, J. (14 December 2023). "[https://www.zmescience.com/feature-post/health/food-and-nutrition/why-do-some-people-like-the-smell-of-their-own-farts/ Why do some people like the smell of their own farts?]". ''ZME Science''. Retrieved 2 July 2025.</ref> fart play may be considered olfactorily tolerable for the performer and [[Ethics|ethically]] permissible when mutual consent is established. As with all sexual preferences, the key to a healthy experience is mutual [[consent]], [[respect]], and [[communication]] between individuals involved. Non-consensual exposure or involving non-consenting individuals is highly unethical and generally [[Law|illegal]].<ref>{{cite web |date=2010-04-07 |title=Victim Says Flatulence Fetish Led to Sexual Assault |website=News 9 |publisher=News 9 |url=https://www.news9.com/story/5e35015ee0c96e774b36aefa/victim-says-flatulence-fetish-led-to-sexual-assault |access-date=2025-04-20 }}</ref> == Related pages == *[[Flatulence]] *[[Coprophilia]] *[[Paraphilia]] *[[Sexual fetishism]] *[[Foot odor]] *[[Human sexuality]] *[[BDSM]] *[[Urolagnia]] *[[Social stigma]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{notelist}} ==Further reading== *{{cite book |last=Love |first=Brenda |title=Encyclopedia of Unusual Sex Practices |publisher=Barricade Books |year=1992 |isbn=9781569800119}} ==Other websites== *[[wikt:eproctophilia|Eproctophilia]] *[https://eproctophilia.org/ Eproctophilia.org] *[https://fartfetish.podbean.com/ Fart Fetish Podcast] {{medical resources | ICD10 = [https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/F65.8 F65.8 – Other paraphilias] | MeshID = D005329 }} {{Mental disorders}} {{sex-stub}} [[Category:Human sexuality]] [[Category:BDSM]] [[Category:Paraphilias]] [[Category:Sexual fetishism]] [[Category:Flatulence]] it6a6dppyoxjbs84iwgt25xq97uaxbo 10368869 10368576 2025-07-03T03:32:59Z GeorgeDroyd 1626532 10368869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Refimprove|date=March 2025}} [[File:Facesitting9.jpg|thumb|[[Facesitting]], specifically face-farting, is a common practice used by those with eproctophilia in which the [[BDSM|dominant]] [[Sexual partner|partner]] sits on the submissive [[victim]] and expels gas directly onto their [[ear]], [[mouth]], [[nose]], or [[tongue]].<ref>{{cite web | last = Griffiths | first = Mark | year = 2012 | title = Farting company: The strange world of eproctophilia | url = https://drmarkgriffiths.wordpress.com/2012/05/11/farting-company-the-strange-world-of-eproctophilia/ | website = drmarkgriffiths.wordpress.com | access-date = 12 April 2025 }}</ref>|155x155px]] A '''fart fetish''', also known as '''eproctophilia,''' is a [[paraphilia]] in which a person becomes intensely [[Arousal|sexually aroused]] by the [[sound]], [[Odor|smell]], or act of [[farting]]. People with this fetish may also become aroused by the [[idea]] of another person farting or farting themselves, the sensation of a fart caressing their [[skin]], or any combination of these. They often incorporate farts into their [[sexual|sexual experiences]], examples being when a [[dominatrix]] farts on a [[Male submission|submissive man]]'s [[Human penis|penis]] or when a dominant man farts on a [[Female submission|submissive woman]]'s [[vagina]]. ==Etymology== The [[neologism]] ''eproctophilia'' is formed from three parts: * [[Latin]] [[prefix]] ''e-'' – a formative element (here serving to link the root and [[suffix]]) * [[Ancient Greece|Ancient]] [[Greek language|Greek]] [[noun]] ''πρωκτός'' (prōktós) – “[[anus]]” * Greek suffix ''-φιλία'' (-philia) – “[[love]]” or “affection” Etymologically, ''eproctophilia'' means “love of the anus”. However, in its actual usage it denotes a paraphilic interest in flatulence rather than an attraction to the anatomical anus per se. The term was coined by the sexologist Brenda J. Love in her 1992 ''Encyclopedia of Unusual Sex Practices.'' ==Characteristics== For an eproctolagniac (a person who suffers from fart fetishism), some points of attraction include the smell, sound, and the [[time|duration]] of the fart.<ref>{{cite web | title=Theoretical Psychology with a Focus on Sexology: Attractiveness Research in Eproctophilia | url=https://www.booksie.com/657260-theoretical-psychology-with-a-focus-on-sexology-lecture-attractiveness-research-in-eproctophilia | access-date=2 June 2025 }}</ref> For example, one eproctolagniac reported a preference for protracted, acrid, sulfurous, deep-bubbling farts that emanated through fabric.<ref name="Griffiths2013">{{cite journal | last = Griffiths | first = Mark | title = Eproctophilia in a young adult male: A case study | journal = Archives of Sexual Behavior | year = 2013 | volume = 42 | issue = 4 | pages = 847–849 | doi = 10.1007/s10508-013-0105-9 | pmid = 23408258 }}</ref> Most eproctolagniacs are more aroused by the person farting, rather than by the farts themselves.<ref>{{cite web | last = Griffiths | first = Mark D. | title = Kick-Gas 2: Another look at eproctophilia | url = https://drmarkgriffiths.wordpress.com/2013/08/02/kick-gas-2-another-look-at-eproctophilia/ | website = Dr Mark Griffiths' blog | date = 2 August 2013 | access-date = 1 June 2025 }}</ref> This may include an attraction to the visual appeal of the buttocks, the anus, or both, given that flatulence is expelled from that region of the body. Every individual has a unique gut microbiota profile and may have a unique fart signature.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Browne | first1 = H. P. | last2 = Forster | first2 = S. C. | last3 = Anonye | first3 = B. O. | last4 = Kumar | first4 = N. | last5 = Neville | first5 = B. A. | last6 = Stares | first6 = M. D. | last7 = Goulding | first7 = D. | last8 = Holt | first8 = L. | last9 = Lawley | first9 = T. D. | title = Culturing of ‘unculturable’ human microbiota reveals novel taxa and extensive sporulation | journal = Nature | volume = 533 | pages = 543–546 | year = 2016 | doi = 10.1038/nature17645 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Snyder |first=Michael |title=Our bacteria are more personal than we thought, Stanford Medicine-led study shows |website=Stanford Medicine News Center |date=March 12, 2024 |url=https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2024/03/personal-microbiome.html |access-date=June 17, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Martinez-Lozano Sinues |first1=Pablo |last2=Kohler |first2=Malcolm |last3=Zenobi |first3=Renato |date=2013-04-03 |title=Human breath analysis may support the existence of individual metabolic phenotypes |journal=PLoS One |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=e59909 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0059909 |pmid=23573221 |pmc=PMC3616042 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23573221/ |access-date=2025-06-17 }}</ref> This implies that eproctolagniacs may experience uniquely tailored arousal responses tied to each individual's unique fart scent. Fart fetishism may also serve as a means of [[masochism|sadomasochism]] and [[humiliation]].<ref>{{cite book | last = DiClaudio | first = Dennis | title = The Deviant’s Pocket Guide to the Outlandish Sexual Desires Barely Contained in Your Subconscious | publisher = becker&mayer! Books | year = 2019 | location = United States | page = 46 | url = https://www.google.com/books?id=PlnBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA46 | access-date=29 June 2025 | quote = Eproctophilia… may be a form of sadomasochism. It is generally believed that it derives from a desire to debase or to be debased on some level. Certainly there is an element of humiliation involved. }}</ref> It is a common form of olfactophilia (odor fetishism).<ref name="Griffiths2013"></ref> The fetish can vary greatly. Some eproctolagniacs may be attracted to the art of farting in private or [[public]] settings. In contrast, others may [[Happiness|enjoy]] the [[Social interaction|interaction]] between other [[Partnership|partners]] who fart or [[talk]] about farts in a sexual context. [[Anilingus]] may be carried out with an act of farting straight into the mouth of the receiving partner. Eproctolagniacs may enjoy the "Dutch oven", where a fart is released under a shared blanket to trap the smell<ref>"If you happen to be in bed sleeping with someone, what you do is drop the nastiest, juiciest broccoli fart under the covers. Then while your partner is still sleeping, lift the covers over her head and then wait until the fart dissipates." Maddox. ''[[iarchive:alphabetofmanlin00madd|The Alphabet of Manliness]].'' Citadel Press, 2006 {{ISBN|0-8065-2720-X}}, 978-0-8065-2720-8, 204 pages p.66</ref> and increase olfactophilic arousal.<ref>{{cite book | last = Vigorito | first = Tony | title = Nine Kinds of Naked | publisher = Houghton Miflin Harcourt | year = 2015 | location = United States | page = 267 | url = https://www.google.com/books?id=7ct1BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA267 | access-date=29 June 2025 | quote = Eproctophilia, flatulent affection. It happens, apparently. I didn't invent it, fer chrissakes, and I don't think the Dutch invented it either, but what the hell do I know? But listen, swapping repugnancies is not my point. My quodlibet is this: The Dutch oven is society, holding a security blanket over our heads and suffocating us with the foul winds of false confidence. And society, of course, society is none other than we the people. So essentially, we fart in our own face. }}</ref> Farting can be considered a form of positive alliesthesia, in which pleasure comes from relieving [[gastrointestinal]] discomfort. The human anus has a relatively high density of sensory innervation<ref>{{cite web | author1 = Ahmed, A. | author2 = Arbor, T. C. | author3 = Qureshi, W. A. | title = Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis: Anal Canal | website = StatPearls [Internet] | publisher = StatPearls Publishing | location = Treasure Island (FL) | date = 2023-05-22 | access-date = 2025-06-26 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554531/ }}</ref> and may be considered an erogenous zone by eproctolagniacs from flatulating. They may sometimes deliberately consume prebiotics (such as inulin powder), sugar free candies (with maltitol or sorbitol), and a high-FODMAP diet, or practice aerophagia to produce more intestinal gas. Eproctolagniacs often prefer natural farts that come from digestion over farts created by pumping air into the body or over [[Vaginal flatulence|queefs]].<ref name="Samantha">{{cite web | last = Cole | first = Samantha | date = 2024-08-09 | title = Taking a Long, Deep Sniff of Fart Porn | website = VICE | url = https://www.vice.com/en/article/taking-a-long-deep-sniff-of-fart-porn/ | access-date = 2025-04-12 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Barrett-Ibarria |first1=Sofia |date=2018-04-03 |title=The Women Who Fart — And the Men Who Watch |website=MEL Magazine |publisher=Medium |url=https://medium.com/mel-magazine/the-women-who-fart-and-the-men-who-watch-5247a9fffcd |access-date=2025-06-22 }}</ref> However, some may be permissive because they prefer hearing farts (or approximations) over smelling them. Some may like seeing a visual aspect of flatulence, such as observing flatulence underwater<ref name="Queen">{{cite web | last = Stone | first = Lillian | date = October 22, 2020 | title = The Gassy Queens of OnlyFans | website = MEL Magazine | url = https://melmagazine.com/en-us/story/fart-fetish-girls-farting-onlyfans-reddit | access-date = June 25, 2025 }}</ref> or witnessing the dispersal of baby powder during emission. A few may derive intense [[pleasure]] from using public [[restrooms]] due to the [[Sensory system|sensual]] [[Stimulus (psychology)|stimuli]]. This behaviour, a subset of erotic relieving observance, may be considered [[voyeurism]], and can result in legal consequences.<ref>{{cite web | title = Commonwealth v. Yannuzzi | url = https://law.justia.com/cases/pennsylvania/superior-court/2021/167-eda-2021.html | website = Justia Law | publisher = Pennsylvania Superior Court | date = 10 December 2021 | access-date = 30 June 2025 }}</ref> ==Prevalence== Eproctophilia is considered very rare, and [[Empiricism|empirical]] [[data]] on its prevalence is limited. It may be more common in [[men]] than in [[women]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dawson |first=Sarah J. |last2=Bannerman |first2=Bradley A. |last3=Lalumière |first3=Martin L. |title=Paraphilic Interests: An Examination of Sex Differences in a Nonclinical Sample |journal=Sexual Abuse |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=20–45 |date=February 2016 |doi=10.1177/1079063214525645 |pmid=24633420 |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063214525645}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/paraphilias-overview | title = Paraphilias | agency = WebMD LLC | publisher = WebMD LLC | date = 10 November 2024 | access-date = 13 April 2025 }}</ref> In a representative survey of 1,040 adults in [[Quebec]], 15.9 percent of respondents indicated an interest in fetishistic behaviors.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Joyal |first1=Christian C. |last2=Carpentier |first2=Julie |title=The Prevalence of Paraphilic Interests and Behaviors in the General Population: A Provincial Survey |journal=The Journal of Sex Research |year=2017 |volume=54 |issue=2 |pages=161–171 |doi=10.1080/00224499.2016.1139034 |pmid=26941021 }}</ref> According to an informal survey of 1,000 adults, approximately 11 percent of male respondents reported being attracted to their partner's flatulence, compared to 3 percent of female respondents who expressed similar attraction.<ref>{{cite web | last = Taylor | first = Jordyn | title = Here’s How Many People Get Turned on By Their Partners’ Farts | url = https://www.menshealth.com/sex-women/a23451412/farting-pooping-in-a-relationship/ | website = Men’s Health | publisher = Hearst Magazines, Inc. | date = September 25, 2018 | access-date = June 22, 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://thebeatva.iheart.com/content/2018-09-27-is-your-partner-turned-on-by-your-farts/ |title=Is Your Partner Turned On By Your Farts |author=Jrod |date=27 September 2018 |website=92.1 The Beat |publisher=iHeartMedia |access-date=22 June 2025 }}</ref> These surveys could suggest fart fetishism is more common; however, there are no direct prevalence estimates for eproctophilia alone. ===Online popularity=== Analyses of user activity on major adult-content platforms indicate that eproctophilia has risen among fetish categories. In August 2006, AOL released a database of its subscribers' search queries. Among the phrases containing the word "fetish", the term "fart" ranked as the 52nd most common search.<ref>''AOL's Accidental Release of Search Data – The Sexmind of America.''[https://web.archive.org/web/20070221135508/http://www.aphrodisiology.com:80/aol-fetishes aphrodisiology.com], accessed June 2007</ref> The 2016 [[Pornhub]] Year in Review revealed that searches in [[Brazil]] and the [[Netherlands]] for "fart" content surged by 108 percent and 126 percent respectively compared to the previous year.<ref name="PornhubInsights2016">{{cite web | title = Pornhub’s 2016 Year in Review | website = Pornhub Insights | publisher = Pornhub | date = 2017 | url = https://www.pornhub.com/insights/2016-year-in-review | access-date = June 25, 2025 }}</ref><ref name="EproctophiliaOrg">{{cite web | title = Eproctophilia.org: Is there any other data or statistics on eproctophilia? | website = Eproctophilia.org | publisher = Eproctophilia.org | url = https://eproctophilia.org/index.html | access-date = June 25, 2025 }}</ref> Pornhub has a dedicated genre for flatulence videos and has more than 15,000 videos as of 2021.<ref>{{cite web | last = Pradeep | first = Malavika | title = Introducing the ‘gastronomical’ world of fart fetishes and why some people are into it | website = SCREENSHOT Media | publisher = SCREENSHOT Media Group | date = 2021-05-21 | url = https://screenshot-media.com/culture/internet-culture/fart-fetish/ | access-date = 2025-06-26 }}</ref><ref name="Queen"></ref> On clips4sale, an established fetish porn site, flatulence fetishism was the second most prevalent category on a global scale in 2024.<ref name="Joel2024">{{cite web | last = de Blonk | first = Joel | title = Farting Fetish Ranks Second Most Popular Worldwide | website = Y94 | date = 11 June 2024 | url = https://y94.com/2024/06/11/farting-fetish-ranks-second-most-popular-worldwide/ | access-date = 5 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | author = Nicole | title = ‘Farts’ Quickly Rising to the Top of Global Market | website = Clips4Sale Blog | date = 5 June 2024 | url = https://blog.clips4sale.com/b/farts-quickly-rising-to-the-top-of-global-market/ | access-date = 27 June 2025 }}</ref><ref name="DailyStar2024">{{cite web | title = Kinky Brits love 'sweet smell of success' as farting becomes UK's top fetish | website = Daily Star | date = June 7, 2024 | url = https://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/weird-news/kinky-brits-love-sweet-smell-32979570 | access-date = June 26, 2025 }}</ref><ref name="Munger2024">{{cite web | last = Munger | first = Brian | title = Fart Fetishes Lingering Toward Mainstream Popularity? | website = Medium | publisher = The Pub | date = June 9, 2024 | url = https://medium.com/the-pub/fart-fetishes-lingering-toward-mainstream-popularity-72fb60c0cc51 | access-date = June 25, 2025 }}</ref> Nonetheless, the online popularity of fart porn does not reflect the actual prevalence of eproctophilia. Some people may watch it out of mere [[curiosity]], but that doesn't mean they have a fart fetish.<ref name="CosmoFetish2024">Engle, Gigi (12 July 2024). [https://web.archive.org/web/20240715074042/https://www.cosmopolitan.com/sex-love/a61583448/fart-fetish/"Wait, What’s a Fart Fetish? Flatulence is in, my friends."] ''Cosmopolitan''. Hearst. Retrieved 25 June 2025.</ref> ==Causes== Some experts believe this behaviour may be [[Causality|caused]] by [[Psychological trauma|traumatic]] [[childhood]] experiences alongside behavioural conditioning.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Longpré | first = Nicholas | last2 = Burdis Galiano | first2 = Courtney | last3 = Guay | first3 = Jean-Pierre | year = 2022 | title = The impact of childhood trauma, personality, and sexuality on the development of paraphilias | journal = Journal of Criminal Justice | volume = 82 | doi = 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2022.101981 | issn = 0047-2352 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Eproctophilia: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment | date = 2019-06-02 | website = Drugstore Online – RXShop.Md | url = https://www.rxshop.md/articles/2019/eproctophilia-symptoms-causes-and-treatment/ | access-date = 2025-03-23 }}</ref> For example, if the sound or smell of farts is consistently paired with sexual arousal at a presumably young age, then it can form a [[neuron|neural]] pathway where farting can become a trigger for sexual excitement on its own through [[classical conditioning]], especially when such experiences coincide with psychosocial stressors during formative years. Some [[Psychology|psychological]] fixations, possibly related to the contested [[anal stage|anal stage of psychosexual development]] (ages 1-3) as proposed by [[Sigmund Freud]], may contribute to the emergence of eproctophilia. Freud categorized fart humour as a means of expressing repressed anal-erotic desires, viewing it as predominantly sexual and aggressive in its intention.<ref>{{cite book | last = Freud | first = Sigmund | translator = Brill, A. A. | title = ''Wit and Its Relation to the Unconscious'' | year = 1905 | publisher = Moffat, Yard and Co. | location = New York | url = https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/75915 | access-date = June 22, 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Blank | first1 = Trevor J. | title = Cheeky Behavior: The Meaning and Function of ‘Fartlore’ in Childhood and Adolescence | journal = Children’s Folklore Review | volume = 32 | year = 2010 | pages = 11 | url = https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/cfr/article/view/25085/30962 | access-date = June 22, 2025 }}</ref> Some people argue that flatulence violates the norms of decorum and modesty, which can paradoxically repel and attract one.<ref>van Dongen, E. (2001). "[https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860120064952 It isn't something to yodel about, but it exists! Faeces, nurses, social relations and status within a mental hospital]." Aging & Mental Health. 5 (3): 205–215. doi:10.1080/13607860120064952. PMID 11575059.</ref><ref>Lunceford, Brett (1 October 2013). "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261707609_The_Real_Consequences_of_Imaginary_Sex_Acts The Real Consequences of Imaginary Sex Acts]." Etc.; a review of general semantics. 70: 405–433. Retrieved 24 June 2025.</ref><ref>Paasonen, Susanna (2011). "[https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262016315.001.0001 Carnal Resonance: Affect and Online Pornography]." Cambridge, MA: MIT Press (online edn, MIT Press Scholarship Online, 22 Aug. 2013). Accessed 24 June 2025.</ref> Flatulence is occasionally incorporated into sex scenes in films and media as a form of comedic relief,<ref name="Rosewarne2013">{{cite book | last = Rosewarne | first = Lauren | title = ''American Taboo: The Forbidden Words, Unspoken Rules, and Secret Morality of Popular Culture'' | date = 13 August 2013 | publisher = ABC‑CLIO | location = Santa Barbara, California | pages = 48–49 | isbn = 9780313399336 | lccn = 2013011452 | url = https://www.google.com/books/edition/American_Taboo/qg7IEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA1958 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Halperin | first = Moze | date = January 27, 2016 | title = The Rich and Evolving History of Onscreen Farts | url = https://www.flavorwire.com/557903/the-rich-and-evolving-history-of-onscreen-farts | website = Flavorwire | publisher = BDG | access-date = June 23, 2025 }}</ref> which may contribute to maladaptive learned associations at an early age. More generally, some anecdotes from eproctolagniacs attribute their eproctophilic [[Imprinting (ethology)|imprint]] to the prevalence of flatulence humour and softcore flatulence-based depictions in media (e.g., gross-out humour in cartoons or comics<ref>{{cite news | last = Sparks | first = Hannah | date = 2024-11-10 | title = I’m a sexual perversion expert - these are the weirdest fetishes I’ve ever studied | newspaper = New York Post | url = https://nypost.com/2024/11/10/lifestyle/sexual-perversion-expert-reveals-the-weirdest-fetishes-studied/ | access-date = 2025-04-12 }}</ref>).<ref name="Samantha"></ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Morrison | first = Quinn | title = We Could Be The New Wind! | url = https://www.vice.com/en/article/farts-v14n9/ | website = VICE | date = September 1, 2007 | access-date = June 22, 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Viney | first = Joseph | title = Having a Gas With Eproctophiliacs | website = SexTech | date = 4 April 2015 | url = https://sextech.com/uncategorized/having-a-gas-with-eproctophiliacs/ | access-date = 26 June 2025 }}</ref> Excess exposure to titillating flatulence-based humour [[videos]] or flatulence-specific [[pornography]] prior to the acquisition of appropriate sexual and arousal education may inadvertently contribute to the development of eproctophilia and possibly make flatulence the main aphrodisiac for some eproctolagniacs.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Gassó | first1 = A. M. | last2 = Bruch-Granados | first2 = A. | title = Psychological and Forensic Challenges Regarding Youth Consumption of Pornography: A Narrative Review | journal = Adolescents | volume = 1 | issue = 2 | pages = 108–122 | year = 2021 | doi = 10.3390/adolescents1020009 | url = https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7051/1/2/9 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Attila | first1 = F. L. | last2 = Owusu | first2 = F. | last3 = Agyei-Sarpong | first3 = K. | last4 = Donkoh | first4 = H. | title = Adolescence and Sex Education: Socio-Cultural and Psycho-Theoretical Perspectives | journal = Mediterranean Journal of Social & Behavioral Research | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | pages = 43–49 | year = 2023 | doi = 10.30935/mjosbr/12801 | url = https://www.mjosbr.com/download/adolescence-and-sex-education-socio-cultural-and-psycho-theoretical-perspectives-12801.pdf }}</ref> If farts are among the first sexual experiences, the concomitant upregulation of ΔFosB expression and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)‑mediated synaptic plasticity may consolidate fundamental eproctophilic neural pathways.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Quintana | first1 = GR | last2 = Mac Cionnaith | first2 = CE | last3 = Pfaus | first3 = JG | title = Behavioral, Neural, and Molecular Mechanisms of Conditioned Mate Preference: The Role of Opioids and First Experiences of Sexual Reward | journal = Int. J. Mol. Sci. | date = 2022-08-10 | volume = 23 | issue = 16 | pages = 8928 | doi = 10.3390/ijms23168928 | pmid = 36012194 | pmc = 9409009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Greenhill |first=Richard |date=2018-03-01 |title=Meet the Men Who Have a Fart Fetish |website=VICE |publisher=VICE Digital Publishing, LLC |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/meet-the-men-who-have-a-fart-fetish |access-date=2025-06-21 }}</ref> Sexual arousal suppresses [[disgust]],<ref name="Oaten2019">{{cite journal | last1 = Oaten | first1 = M | last2 = Stevenson | first2 = RJ | last3 = Tapp | first3 = C | last4 = Case | first4 = TI | last5 = Cousins | first5 = A | title = The Role of Disgust in Male Sexual Decision‑Making | journal = Frontiers in Psychology | year = 2019 | volume = 9 | pages = 2602 | doi = 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02602 | pmid = 30723444 | pmc = 6350445 }}</ref><ref name="Fleischman2015">{{cite journal | last1 = Fleischman | first1 = DS | last2 = Hamilton | first2 = LD | last3 = Fessler | first3 = DM | last4 = Meston | first4 = CM | title = Disgust versus Lust: Exploring the Interactions of Disgust and Fear with Sexual Arousal in Women | journal = PLoS ONE | year = 2015 | volume = 10 | issue = 6 | pages = e0118151 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0118151 | pmid = 26106894 | pmc = 4479551 }}</ref> which can facilitate the learned association between flatulence and sexual gratification. Postorgasmic shame or disgust (if present<ref name="DisgustScale1994">{{cite journal | last1 = Haidt | first1 = Jonathan | last2 = McCauley | first2 = Christina | last3 = Rozin | first3 = Paul | year = 1994 | title = Individual differences in sensitivity to disgust: A scale sampling seven domains of disgust elicitors | journal = Personality and Individual Differences | volume = 16 | issue = 5 | pages = 701–713 | doi = 10.1016/0191-8869(94)90212-7 | url = https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1994-39581-001 | accessdate = June 25, 2025 }}</ref>) can activate the amygdala, which then modulates memory storage processes in the hippocampus and related structures,<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = McGaugh | first1 = JL | last2 = Cahill | first2 = L | last3 = Roozendaal | first3 = B | title = Involvement of the amygdala in memory storage: interaction with other brain systems | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | date = 1996-11-26 | volume = 93 | issue = 24 | pages = 13508–13514 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.93.24.13508 | pmid = 8942964 | pmc = 33638 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Croucher | first1 = CJ | last2 = Calder | first2 = AJ | last3 = Ramponi | first3 = C | last4 = Barnard | first4 = PJ | last5 = Murphy | first5 = FC | title = Disgust enhances the recollection of negative emotional images | journal = PLoS One | date = 2011-11-16 | volume = 6 | issue = 11 | pages = e26571 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0026571 | pmid = 22110588 | pmc = 3217922 }}</ref> strengthening the fetish imprint. Neural circuits established during early development remain latent until the pubertal surge of testosterone which activates and consolidates sexual pathways,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sisk |first1=CL |last2=Zehr |first2=JL |title=Pubertal hormones organize the adolescent brain and behavior |journal=Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology |year=2005 |volume=26 |issue=3–4 |pages=163–174 |doi=10.1016/j.yfrne.2005.10.003 |pmid=16309736 }}</ref> including imprinted paraphilic ones if reinforced through [[operant conditioning]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jordan |first1=K |last2=Fromberger |first2=P |last3=Stolpmann |first3=G |last4=Muller |first4=JL |title=The role of testosterone in sexuality and paraphilia - A neurobiological approach. Part I: testosterone and sexuality |journal=The Journal of Sexual Medicine |year=2011 |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=2993-3007 |doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02394.x |pmid=21810181 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tenbergen |first1=Gilian |last2=Wittfoth |first2=Matthias |last3=Frieling |first3=Helge |last4=Ponseti |first4=Jorge |last5=Walter |first5=Martin |last6=Walter |first6=Henrik |last7=Beier |first7=Klaus M. |last8=Schiffer |first8=Boris |last9=Kruger |first9=Tillmann H. C. |title=The Neurobiology and Psychology of Pedophilia: Recent Advances and Challenges |journal=Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |date=2015 |volume=9 |doi=10.3389/fnhum.2015.00344 |issn=1662-5161 |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/human-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00344 }}</ref> Paraphilias have been observed to cluster within families heterogeneously, suggesting a potential familial psychosocial transmission of paraphilias.<ref name="Labelle2012">{{cite journal | last1 = Labelle | first1 = A | last2 = Bourget | first2 = D | last3 = Bradford | first3 = JM | last4 = Alda | first4 = M | last5 = Tessier | first5 = P | title = Familial paraphilia: a pilot study with the construction of genograms | journal = ISRN Psychiatry | date = 2012-03-04 | volume = 2012 | pages = 692813 | doi = 10.5402/2012/692813 | pmid = 23738209 | pmc = 3658696 }}</ref> A portion of eproctolagniacs may have neurobiological differences,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jordan |first=Kirsten |last2=Fromberger |first2=Peter |last3=Stolpmann |first3=Georg |last4=Müller |first4=Jürgen Leo |title=The role of testosterone in sexuality and paraphilia—A neurobiological approach. Part II: testosterone and paraphilia |journal=J Sex Med |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=3008–3029 |year=2011 |doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02393.x |pmid=21797985}}</ref> such as differences in [[brain]] structure or function.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jordan |first=Konrad |last2=Lücker |first2=Erik |last3=Pietrzyk |first3=Ulrike |chapter=Structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging in assessing sexual preference |editor-last=Thienel |editor-first=Boris |editor-last2=Crépault |editor-first2=Antoine |title=Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences |volume=32 |pages=163–182 |publisher=Springer |year=2017 |doi=10.1007/7854_2016_58}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Eproctophilia: What It Is, Symptoms, Causes and Treatment |url=https://psychologyfor.com/eproctophilia-what-it-is-symptoms-causes-and-treatment/ |website=Psychology For |date=August 2024 |access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> A study of paraphilic individuals revealed elevated levels of central monoamines including [[dopamine]], [[serotonin]], and norepinephrine, along with decreased levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in [[urine]], a principal dopamine metabolite. These suggest neurochemical dysregulation of sexual reward/impulse circuits in paraphilics.<ref name="Kamenskov2019">{{cite journal | last1 = Kamenskov | first1 = M. Yu. | last2 = Gurina | first2 = O. I. | title = Neurotransmitter mechanisms of paraphilic disorders | journal = Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S. S. Korsakova | language = Russian | year = 2019 | volume = 119 | issue = 8 | pages = 61–67 | doi = 10.17116/jnevro201911908161 | pmid = 31626172 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vander Molen |first1=Lauryn |last2=Ronis |first2=Scott T. |last3=Benoit |first3=Aryn A. |title=Paraphilic Interests Versus Behaviors: Factors that Distinguish Individuals Who Act on Paraphilic Interests From Individuals Who Refrain |journal=Sexual Abuse |date=June 2023 |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=403–427 |doi=10.1177/10790632221108949 |pmid=35699951 |pmc=10189825 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10189825/ |access-date=29 June 2025}}</ref> The [[taboo|taboos]] and [[social stigma]] may contribute to the development of the fetish for some individuals through abjection. Some eproctolagniacs espouse the act of cathartic farting to be seen as an act of [[intimacy]] and breaking down barriers.<ref name="Griffiths2013"></ref> Eric Jones suggests that some eproctolagniacs may be socially ostracized and use flatulence as an alternate means of achieving emotional intimacy.<ref>{{cite thesis | last = Jones | first = Eric | title = Sexual Paraphilias as an Alternative Route to Emotional Intimacy | type = Doctoral dissertation | institution = Alliant International University | location = Irvine, California | year = 2018 | page = 5–6 | url = https://www.proquest.com/openview/e91f19c46eb5a742dd13c0c6cc83cf24/1 | access-date = 29 June 2025 }}</ref> A small informal convenience survey of young adults found that approximately 29 percent of respondents felt comfortable farting in front of their romantic partner between two and six months into the relationship,<ref name="Hakala2016">{{cite web | last = Hakala | first = Kate | title = Here’s When It’s OK to Start Openly Farting in a Relationship | url = https://www.mic.com/articles/137243/here-s-when-it-s-ok-to-start-openly-farting-in-a-relationship | website = Mic | publisher = BDG Media, Inc. | date = 2016-03-08 | access-date = 2025-06-09 }}</ref> indicating that the act functions as a marker of mutual comfort (colloquially called "breaking the fart barrier").<ref>{{cite web | last = Hogan | first = Brianne | title = Why Farting In Front Of Your Partner Is Actually Good For Your Relationship | url = https://www.scarymommy.com/lifestyle/why-farting-is-good-for-your-relationship | website = Scary Mommy | publisher = BDG Media, Inc. | date = 2024-11-27 | access-date = 2025-06-09 }}</ref> Lauren Rosewarne suggests many eproctolagniacs have a voyeuristic attraction to seeing women farting,<ref name="Rosewarne2013"></ref> particularly because of the gender pigeonhole that positions women as not supposed to fart publicly.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Weinberg | first1 = Martin S. | last2 = Williams | first2 = Colin J. | title = Fecal Matters: Habitus, Embodiments, and Deviance | journal = Social Problems | volume = 52 | issue = 3 | pages = 315–336 | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1525/sp.2005.52.3.315 | url = https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.2005.52.3.315 | access-date = 2025-06-09 }}</ref><ref name="Griffiths2013"></ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Cherie | first = Mistress Erisiana | title = Why would a guy want to be farted on? | website = Creative Loafing Tampa Bay | date = 22 November 2010 | url = https://www.cltampa.com/news/why-would-a-guy-want-to-be-farted-on-12286018 | access-date = 26 June 2025 }}</ref> Studies have shown that olfactory function is associated with sexual [[motivation]] and satisfaction.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Iuliano | first1 = Simone | last2 = Zagari | first2 = Maria C. | last3 = Frasca Polara | first3 = Giuseppe | last4 = Rotella | first4 = Giorgio | last5 = La Vignera | first5 = Sandro | last6 = Greco | first6 = Enrico A. | last7 = Liuzza | first7 = Marco T. | last8 = Aversa | first8 = Antonio | title = Global olfactory function correlates with global sexual functioning in men and women | journal = Minerva Medica | date = December 2023 | volume = 114 | issue = 6 | pages = 785–794 | doi = 10.23736/S0026-4806.23.08753-0 | pmid = 37382520 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last = Bendas | first = Julia | last2 = Hummel | first2 = Thomas | last3 = Croy | first3 = Ilona | year = 2018 | title = Olfactory function relates to sexual experience in adults | journal = Archives of Sexual Behavior | volume = 47 | issue = 5 | pages = 1333–1339 | doi = 10.1007/s10508-018-1203-x | pmid = 29721723 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Siegel | first1 = Jason K. | last2 = Kung | first2 = Shanna Y. | last3 = Wroblewski | first3 = Kristen E. | last4 = Kern | first4 = David W. | last5 = McClintock | first5 = Martha K. | last6 = Pinto | first6 = Jayant M. | title = Olfaction Is Associated With Sexual Motivation and Satisfaction in Older Men and Women | journal = The Journal of Sexual Medicine | date = February 2021 | volume = 18 | issue = 2 | pages = 295–302 | doi = 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.12.002 | pmid = 33423973 | pmc = 8694566 }}</ref> A high volume of malodorous flatus may indicate a diet rich in [[protein]] and [[fiber]] in a partner. [[Traumatic brain injury|Brain injuries]] and [[multiple sclerosis]] may lead one to spontaneously acquire paraphilias,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frohman |first=E. M. |last2=Frohman |first2=T. C. |last3=Moreault |first3=A. M. |title=Acquired Sexual Paraphilia in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis |journal=Archives of Neurology |volume=59 |issue=6 |pages=1006–1010 |year=2002 |doi=10.1001/archneur.59.6.1006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last = Bianchi-Demicheli | first = F. | last2 = Rollini | first2 = C. | last3 = Lovblad | first3 = K. | last4 = Ortigue | first4 = S. | title = “Sleeping Beauty paraphilia”: deviant desire in the context of bodily self-image disturbance in a patient with a fronto-parietal traumatic brain injury | journal = Medical Science Monitor | year = 2010 | volume = 16 | issue = 2 | pages = CS15–CS17 | pmid = 20110923 }}</ref><ref name="Langevin1992">{{cite journal | last = Langevin | first = R. | title = Biological Factors Contributing to Paraphiliac Behavior | journal = Psychiatric Annals | date = June 1992 | volume = 22 | issue = 6 | pages = 307, 309–314 | url = https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/biological-factors-contributing-paraphiliac-behavior | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> hypothetically including eproctophilia. The [[Presenter|host]] of the Fart Fetish Podcast, Raj Jawa,<ref name="Fox59EINPresswire2024">{{cite web | title = Celebrating Three Years of Breaking Taboos: Fart Fetish Podcast Shines a Light on Misunderstood Kinks | website = Fox59 (Business Press Releases) | publisher = EIN Presswire | date = December 9, 2024 | url = https://fox59.com/business/press-releases/ein-presswire/767330143/celebrating-three-years-of-breaking-taboos-fart-fetish-podcast-shines-a-light-on-misunderstood-kinks/ | access-date = June 24, 2025 }}</ref> postulated that since eproctophilia involves sexual conditioning to fart-related alliesthetic visceral cues, it would be mediated via the insula's interoceptive circuitry.<ref name="EproctophiliaOpinion">{{cite web | last1 = Jawa | first1 = Raj | title = Eproctophilia Is Not a Perversion or a Paraphilia | url = https://eproctophilia.org/PDF/eproctophiliaisnotapervsionoraparaphilia..pdf | website = Eproctophilia.org | format = PDF | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> Vagal afferents transmit [[enteric nervous system]] signals to the nucleus tractus solitarius, which regulates dorsal raphe, locus coeruleus, and ventral tegmental area neurons.<ref name="Breit2018">{{cite journal | last1 = Breit | first1 = Sigrid | last2 = Kupferberg | first2 = Aleksandra | last3 = Rogler | first3 = Gerhard | last4 = Hasler | first4 = Gregor | title = Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain–Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders | journal = Frontiers in Psychiatry | year = 2018 | volume = 9 | pages = 44 | doi = 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00044 | url = https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00044/full | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> Colonic enterochromaffin cells in the gut epithelium and gut microbiota synthesize 90 percent of the human body's serotonin and significant portions of other monoamines.<ref name="SerotoninMetabolismSD">{{cite web | title = Serotonin Metabolism | work = Topics in Immunology and Microbiology | publisher = Elsevier (ScienceDirect) | url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/serotonin-metabolism | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> The ENS contains specialized mechanosensitive and chemosensitive neurons that detect gas pressure, [[pH]] indications and the slightest indication of a fart building up. Any ENS-driven perturbations in peripheral monoamines, triggered by sexual arousal to flatulence or dysbiosis, could worsen maladaptive central monoaminergic states, such as hyperdominergic rewards response for fart stimuli or serotonergic–noradrenergic driven fixations, which could underpin compulsive sexual focus on flatulence.<ref name="Kamenskov2019"/> The ENS exhibits activity-dependent plasticity;<ref name="Giaroni1999">Giaroni C, De Ponti F, Cosentino M, Lecchini S, Frigo G (December 1999). "Plasticity in the enteric nervous system". ''Gastroenterology''. '''117''' (6): 1438–1458. doi:10.1016/S0016-5085(99)70295-7. PMID 10579986.</ref><ref name="Schaefer2009">Schäfer KH, Van Ginneken C, Copray S (2009). "Plasticity and neural stem cells in the enteric nervous system". ''Anatomical Record''. 292 (12): 1940–1952. doi:10.1002/ar.21033. PMID 19943347.</ref> consequently, repeated pairings of flatulence and [[orgasm]] may sensitize enteric reflex circuits, thereby amplifying ENS-mediated perturbations and amplifying eproctophilic reward pathways. Additionally, the anterior insular cortex [[Anatomy|anatomically]] and functionally sits at the nexus of interoceptive processing and limbic-reward systems.<ref name="Gogolla2017">{{cite journal | last1 = Gogolla | first1 = Nadine | title = The insular cortex | journal = Current Biology | date = 19 June 2017 | volume = 27 | issue = 12 | pages = R580–R586 | doi = 10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.010 | pmid = 28633023 | url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982217305468 | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> It maintains dense reciprocal connections with regions established as the neural substrates of sexual desire, such as the [[amygdala]], [[hypothalamus]], nucleus accumbens, and orbitofrontal cortex.<ref name="Calabro2019">{{cite journal | last1 = Calabrò | first1 = Rocco S. | last2 = Cacciola | first2 = Alberto | last3 = Bruschetta | first3 = Daniele | last4 = Milardi | first4 = Demetrio | last5 = Quattrini | first5 = Fabrizio | last6 = Sciarrone | first6 = Francesca | last7 = La Rosa | first7 = Gianluca | last8 = Bramanti | first8 = Placido | last9 = Anastasi | first9 = Giuseppe | title = Neuroanatomy and function of human sexual behavior: A neglected or unknown issue? | journal = Brain and Behavior | year = 2019 | volume = 9 | issue = 12 | pages = e01389 | doi = 10.1002/brb3.1389 | pmid = 31568703 | pmc = PMC6908863 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6908863/ | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref><ref name="Haber2011">{{cite book | last1 = Haber | first1 = Suzanne N. | editor1-last = Gottfried | editor1-first= Jay A. | chapter = 11 | title = Neuroanatomy of Reward: A View from the Ventral Striatum | publisher = CRC Press/Taylor & Francis | location = Boca Raton, FL | year = 2011 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92777/ | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> In some eproctolagniacs, aberrant visceral interoceptive signals encoded in the ENS are relayed via the vagus and mapped in the insula as salient internal states. The insula routes the signals into adjacent sexual arousals circuits. Therefore flatulence-related interoceptive cues acquire a direct path to the brain's sexual pathways. Orgasmic [[oxytocin]] amplifies and disinhibits the mesolimbic reward circuits,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Petersson |first=Maria |last2=Uvnäs-Moberg |first2=Kerstin |title=Interactions of Oxytocin and Dopamine—Effects on Behavior in Health and Disease |journal=Biomedicines |volume=12 |issue=11 |year=2024 |pages=2440 |doi=10.3390/biomedicines12112440 |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/11/2440}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Pfaus |first=James G. |title=Orgasms, Sexual Pleasure, and Opioid Reward Mechanisms |journal=Sexual Medicine Reviews |year=2025 |doi=10.1093/sxmrev/qeaf023 |url=https://academic.oup.com/smr/advance-article/doi/10.1093/sxmrev/qeaf023/8127191}}</ref> promoting sexual reinforcement of flatulent stimuli. However, no singular cause has been definitively established. The heterogeneity in its manifestation suggests that multiple psychological and developmental factors may be involved, as with other fetishes. ==As a paraphilic disorder== {{Infobox medical condition | name = Eproctophilia | synonyms = Eproctolagnia/eprectolagnia,<ref>{{cite book | last = Aggrawal | first = Anil | year = 2009 | title = Forensic and Medico-Legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices | publisher = CRC Press | isbn = 9781420043082 | url = https://www.google.com/books/edition/Forensic_and_Medico_legal_Aspects_of_Sex/uNkNhPZQprcC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA373 | page = 373 }}</ref> flatus fetishism, flatulophilia, flatuphilia | field = [[Psychiatry]]; Clinical psychology | treatment = Cognitive‑behavioral therapy; psychoeducation }} It is important to note that having a fart fetish is not [[Recognition|recognized]] to be a [[Mental illness|disorder]]. [[Treatment]] for eproctophilia is generally not needed unless it starts becoming a [[problem]] or is ego-dystonic.<ref>{{cite book | last = Griffiths | first = Mark | title = Sexual Perversions and Paraphilias: An A to Z | publisher = Curtis Press | year = 2024 | location = United States | page = 52 | url = https://www.google.com/books?id=SXM1EQAAQBAJ&pg=PT52 | access-date = 29 June 2025 | quote = Treatment for eproctophilia is generally not sought unless in some way it becomes problematic for the person. }}</ref> Therapeutic interventions are primarily focused on reducing internalized shame and facilitating social reintegration.<ref>{{cite book|title=Paraphilias: Phenomenology, Assessment, and Treatment|publisher=Routledge|year=2017|isbn=978-1138809185|editor-last=Beetz|editor-first=A. M.}}</ref> In severe cases, eproctolagniacs may be [[Anhedonia|unable to derive sexual gratification]] unless their partner consecutively and sonorously farts, which can present challenges if they are unable to do so. This might pressure the farting partner to eat more gas producing [[food]] or [[Air pump|pump air]] into their anus to satisfy the eproctolagniac, which can pose [[health]] problems.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Hejna | first1 = Petr | last2 = Zátopková | first2 = Lucie | last3 = Janík | first3 = Matěj | title = Rectal explosion: a strange case of autoerotic death | journal = International Journal of Legal Medicine | date = January 2021 | volume = 135 | issue = 1 | pages = 307–312 | doi = 10.1007/s00414-020-02344-7 | pmid = 32592072 | url = https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-020-02344-7 | access-date = 5 June 2025 }}</ref> In cases like these, the eproctolagniac may be [[Medical diagnosis|diagnosed]] with fetishism disorder under [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|DSM]]-5, as the fetish is coupled with significant [[Distress (medicine)|distress]] or [[Danger|peril]]. A fart fetish sometimes co-occurs with compulsive sexual behavior disorder which is often accompanied by comorbid psychopathologies, including autism, [[depression (mental illness)|depressive]], and [[anxiety disorder|anxiety disorders]].<ref name="Kafka2012">{{cite journal | last1 = Kafka | first1 = M. | year = 2012 | title = Axis I psychiatric disorders, paraphilic sexual offending and implications for pharmacological treatment | journal = Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences | volume = 49 | issue = 4 | pages = 255–261 | pmid = 23585462 }}</ref><ref name="Abrams2023">{{cite thesis | last = Abrams | first = Dylan H. | year = 2023 | title = Examining the Prevalence and Psychopathological Correlates of Paraphilic Interests in a Non-clinical Sample | type = Master’s thesis | institution= Graduate Center, City University of New York | url = https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/5462 | access-date= 2025-06-07 }}</ref><ref name="Briken2024">{{cite journal | last1 = Briken | first1 = P. | last2 = Bothe | first2 = B. | last3 = Carvalho | first3 = J. | last4 = Coleman | first4 = E. | last5 = Giraldi | first5 = A. | last6 = Kraus | first6 = S. W. | last7 = Lew-Starowicz | first7 = M. | last8 = Pfaus | first8 = J. G. | year = 2024 | title = Assessment and treatment of compulsive sexual behavior disorder: a sexual medicine perspective | journal = Sexual Medicine Reviews | volume = 12 | issue = 3 | pages = 355–370 | doi = 10.1093/sxmrev/qeae014 }}</ref> If one with a fart fetish wants to ameliorate their condition, they can get professional mental [[help]]. [[Cognitive behavioral therapy]] (CBT) has been the primary source to address maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors, such as eproctophilia.<ref name="Kaplan2012">{{cite journal | last1 = Kaplan | first1 = M. S. | last2 = Krueger | first2 = R. B. | title = Cognitive-behavioral treatment of the paraphilias | journal = Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences | year = 2012 | volume = 49 | issue = 4 | pages = 291–296 | pmid = 23585466 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Eproctophilia: treatment and causes |url=https://www.mentesabiertaspsicologia.com/blog-psicologia/eproctophilia-treatment-and-causes |website=Mentes Abiertas Psicología |date=20 March 2023 |access-date=12 April 2025}}</ref> Techniques include cognitive restructuring, behavioral rehearsal, and teaching eproctolagniacs to identify and cope with factors that make relapsing imminent. In a dedicated eproctolagniac, extinction may occur with the prolonged absence of flatulent stimuli. Treatment could also include redirecting [[Masturbation|masturbatory]] [[Sexual fantasy|fantasies]] to conventional ones or employing sensate focus therapy to reorient sexual arousal toward normophilic stimuli. In some cases, CBT can be used in combination with [[Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor|selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors]] (SSRIs).<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Coskun | first1 = Murat | last2 = Ozturk | first2 = Mucahit | title = Sexual Fetishism in Adolescence: Report of Two Cases | journal = Düşünen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences | volume = 26 | issue = 2 | pages = 199–205 | date = 2013-06-01 | doi = 10.5350/DAJPN2013260210 | url = https://dusunenadamdergisi.org/storage/upload/pdfs/1587029640-en.pdf | access-date = 2025-04-13 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Guay | first1 = David R. P. | title = Drug treatment of paraphilic and nonparaphilic sexual disorders | journal = Clinical Therapeutics | volume = 31 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–31 | date = 2009-01-01 | doi = 10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.01.009 | pmid = 19243704 | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19243704/ | access-date = 2025-04-13 }}</ref><ref name="SpringerCh255">{{cite book | last1 = Malandain | first1 = Leo | last2 = Chagraoui | first2 = Abdeslam | last3 = Thibaut | first3 = Florence | chapter = Psychopharmacotherapy of Sexual Disorders | editor1-last = Riederer | editor1-first= Peter | editor2-last = Laux | editor2-first= Gerd | editor3-last = Nagatsu | editor3-first= Toshiharu | editor4-last = Le | editor4-first= Weidong | editor5-last = Riederer | editor5-first= Christian | title = NeuroPsychopharmacotherapy | series = Reference work | publisher = Springer Cham | year = 2022 | pages = 4171–4206 | doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-62059-2_255 | isbn = 978-3-030-62059-2 | url = https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62059-2_255 | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> [[Naltrexone]] has been tried for compulsive sexual behaviour and paraphilic behaviour, based on the idea of dampering reward-seeking behaviour in behavioural [[addiction]] or treating concurrent addictions.<ref name="Raymond2010">{{cite journal | last1 = Raymond | first1 = Nancy C. | last2 = Grant | first2 = Jon E. | last3 = Coleman | first3 = Eli | title = Augmentation with naltrexone to treat compulsive sexual behavior: A case series | journal = Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology | date = February 2010 | volume = 22 | issue = 1 | pages = 56–62 | url = https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/fmc/acp/2010/00000022/00000001/art00008 | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref><ref name="Savard2020">{{cite journal | last1 = Savard | first1 = J. | last2 = Öberg | first2 = K. G. | last3 = Chatzittofis | first3 = A. | last4 = Dhejne | first4 = C. | last5 = Arver | first5 = S. | last6 = Jokinen | first6 = J. | title = Naltrexone in compulsive sexual behavior disorder: A feasibility study of twenty men | journal = The Journal of Sexual Medicine | date = August 2020 | volume = 17 | issue = 8 | pages = 1544–1552 | doi = <!-- Add DOI if available --> | url = https://academic.oup.com/jsm/article-abstract/17/8/1544/6973797 | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> Covert sensitization methods, such as aversion therapy, can be used to reduce compulsive behaviors by applying negative punishments.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Callahan | first1=E. J. | last2=Leitenberg | first2=H. | title=Aversion therapy for sexual deviation: Contingent shock and covert sensitization | journal=Journal of Abnormal Psychology | volume=81 | issue=1 | pages=60–73 | year=1973 | doi=10.1037/h0034025 | url=https://doi.org/10.1037/h0034025 }}</ref> Its use is associated with lower recidivism.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Culos | first1 = Camille | last2 = Di Grazia | first2 = Marco | last3 = Meneguzzo | first3 = Paola | title = Pharmacological Interventions in Paraphilic Disorders: Systematic Review and Insights | journal = Journal of Clinical Medicine | date = 7 March 2024 | volume = 13 | issue = 6 | pages = 1524 | doi = 10.3390/jcm13061524 | pmid = 38541750 | pmc = 10971111 }}</ref> Eproctolagniacs with childhood trauma may be treated with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy to mitigate their underlying trauma.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = de Jongh | first1 = Ad | last2 = de Roos | first2 = Carlijn | last3 = El-Leithy | first3 = S. | title = State of the science: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy | journal = Journal of Traumatic Stress | volume = 37 | issue = 2 | pages = 205–216 | date = April 2024 | doi = 10.1002/jts.23012 | pmid = 38282286 | publication-date = 2024-01-28 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Zolik | first = Mary‑Beth | title = How Sexual Obsessions & Fetishes Develop & How to Treat Them | website = EMDR Healing | publisher = EMDR Healing | date = June 15, 2019 | url = https://emdrhealing.com/how-sexual-obsessions-develop/ | access-date = June 24, 2025 }}</ref> Research suggests repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may help reduce sexual compulsivity in individuals with paraphilic disorders by targeting brain regions implicated in inhibitory control, particularly the cortical nodes in the cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical loop such as the dorsolateral [[Pre-frontal cortex|prefrontal cortex]] (DLPFC) and the supplementary motor area (SMA).<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Schecklmann | first1 = Martin | last2 = Sakreida | first2 = Katrin | last3 = Oblinger | first3 = Britta | last4 = Langguth | first4 = Berthold | last5 = Poeppl | first5 = Timm B. | title = Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Potential Tool to Reduce Sexual Arousal: A Proof of Concept Study | journal = The Journal of Sexual Medicine | volume = 17 | issue = 8 | pages = 1553–1559 | date = August 2020 | doi = 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.05.002 | url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1743609520306093 | issn = 1743-6095 }} </ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Tripathi | first1 = A. | last2 = Singh | first2 = A. | last3 = Singh | first3 = H. | last4 = Kar | first4 = S. K. | title = Successful use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in difficult to treat hypersexual disorder | journal = Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences | volume = 9 | issue = 3 | pages = 207–209 | date = July–September 2016 | doi = 10.4103/0974-1208.192074 | pmid = 27803590 | pmc = 5070404 }} </ref> This noninvasive intervention may help eproctolagniacs control their sexual impulses to fart-related stimuli by inhibiting the SMA and exciting the right DLPCF under IRB approval. As a last resort, chemical [[castration]] may be employed through the use of [[Gonadotropin-releasing hormone|luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone]] (LHRH) [[agonist|agonists]] or antiandrogens such as cyproterone acetate.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bradford |first=J. M. |title=The neurobiology, neuropharmacology, and pharmacological treatment of the paraphilias and compulsive sexual behaviour |journal=Can J Psychiatry |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=26–34 |year=2001 |doi=10.1177/070674370104600104 |pmid=11221487}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Garcia | first1 = Frederico D. | last2 = Thibaut | first2 = Florence | title = Current concepts in the pharmacotherapy of paraphilias | journal = Drugs | volume = 71 | issue = 6 | pages = 771–790 | date = 2011-04-16 | doi = 10.2165/11585490-000000000-00000 | pmid = 21504253 | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21504253/ | access-date = 2025-04-13 }}</ref> They should be considered only in cases where the eproctolagniac's behaviours pose a significant risk to themselves or others, and when less invasive treatments have been ineffective, as the use of chemical castrations methods can come with problematic side effects such as [[osteoporosis]] and [[Liver disease|liver dysfunction]]. All in all, the [[prognosis]] of eproctophilia is poor. Heterosexual cisgender men's sexuality orientations and paraphilic interests tend to be highly stable,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bailey |first1=J. Michael |last2=Pillard |first2=Richard C. |title=A genetic study of male sexual orientation |journal=Archives of General Psychiatry |year=1991 |volume=48 |issue=12 |pages=1089–1096 |doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810360031005 |pmid=1750785 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Savin-Williams |first1=RC |last2=Ream |first2=GL |title=Prevalence and Stability of Sexual Orientation Components During Adolescence and Young Adulthood |journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior |year=2007 |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=385–394 |doi=10.1007/s10508-006-9088-5 }}</ref> whereas women's sexuality orientations tend to be more fluid.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kinnish |first1=K.K. |last2=Strassberg |first2=D.S. |last3=Turner |first3=C.W. |title=Sex differences in the flexibility of sexual orientation: a multidimensional retrospective assessment |journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior |year=2005 |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=173–183 |doi=10.1007/s10508-005-1795-9 |pmid=15803251 |s2cid=8545091 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bailey |first1=J. Michael |last2=Vasey |first2=Paul |last3=Diamond |first3=Lisa |last4=Breedlove |first4=S. Marc |last5=Vilain |first5=Eric |last6=Epprecht |first6=Marc |title=Sexual Orientation, Controversy, and Science |journal=Psychological Science in the Public Interest |date=2016 |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=45–101 |doi=10.1177/1529100616637616 |pmid=27113562 }}</ref> Fart fetishism is generally considered unalterable and life-long,<ref name="SetoAhmed2014">{{cite journal|first1=Michael C.|last1=Seto|authorlink1=Michael C. Seto|first2=AG|last2=Ahmed|title=Treatment and management of child pornography use|journal=Psychiatric Clinics of North America|volume=37|issue=2|pages=207–214|year=2014|pmid=24877707|doi=10.1016/j.psc.2014.03.004}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title = Treatments to Change Sexual Orientation | journal = The American Journal of Psychiatry | volume = 157 | issue = 5 | pages = 838 | date = May 2000 | url = https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.838 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110612020545/https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.838 | archive-date = 12 June 2011 | access-date = 12 April 2025 }}</ref> but CBT can help reduce negative [[symptoms]] and prevent [[criminal]] [[behaviour]], while pharmacological treatments can lower libido and compulsivity. There are no significant studies specifically focused on fart fetishism. Still, it is considered one of the many forms of sexual interest that can be classified as a paraphilia, which refers to unusual sexual preferences. Fart fetishism typically becomes more noticeable in [[adulthood]], though the specific causes or origins of this interest are not very well understood. == Cultural and social context== [[File:Maerzforderungen.png|thumb|Illustration of “The demands of the people” during the revolutions of 1848/49. “Vox populi” is sarcastically likened to a fart|155x155px]] Flatulence (and, more broadly, fart fetishism) is often viewed negatively in virtually every [[culture]], contributing to the taboo surrounding eproctophilia. In many [[Society|societies]], flatulence is considered socially inappropriate or [[Embarrassment|embarrassing]], which may trigger psychological reactance and thus intensify the fetishistic allure for some individuals. On the contrary, the stigma may lead some individuals with this fetish to feel [[Social isolation|isolated]] or reluctant to discuss their [[Interest (emotion)|interests]] openly.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Combridge | first1 = Kirra | last2 = Lastella | first2 = Michele | title = Stigmatisation of People with Deviant Sexual Interest: A Comparative Study | journal = Sexes | volume = 4 | issue = 1 | pages = 7–25 | year = 2023 | doi = 10.3390/sexes4010002 | url = https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5118/4/1/2 | access-date = 2025-04-14 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Fisher |first1=KA |last2=Marwaha |first2=R |title=Paraphilia |website=StatPearls [Internet] |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |date=2023-03-06 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554425/ |access-date=2025-06-10 }}</ref> They may cope through farts, perpetuating a self-reinforcing cycle that exacerbates eproctophilia. When eproctolagniacs pose a risk to others, therapists may be legally compelled to report such behaviour to authorities under mandatory reporting laws. This may impede their access to treatment, a crucial safeguard against the commission of sexual offenses. Although it is not widely [[Conversation|discussed]], it [[Existence|exists]] as part of the diversity of [[human]] [[Sexual orientation|sexual preferences]]. Historically, eproctophilia was often conflated with coprophilia and scatology, but it has increasingly been recognized as a distinct paraphilic focus. Elizabeth Eva Leach has identified three of the 15th-century sottes chansons in Bodleian MS Douce 308, titled “Or suivez qui me disait,” “Fille, qu’avez-vous fait ?” and “Je ne suis mie folle,” as some early literary examples of eproctophilia.<ref name="Leach2023">Leach, Elizabeth Eva. ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Medieval_Sex_Lives/lunLEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA122 Medieval Sex Lives: The Sounds of Courtly Intimacy on the Francophone Borders]''. United States: Cornell University Press, 2023, p. 122.</ref> The 17th century works of the English writer Thomas d'Urfey depicted only women depicted as farting, reflecting the [[Misogyny|misogynistic]] belief that women were objects of casual sexual desire.<ref>{{cite web | last = Pittaway | first = Ian | title = "A brief history of farting in early music and literature" | website = Early Music Muse | date = 3 January 2025 | orig-date = 27 July 2016 | url = https://earlymusicmuse.com/a-brief-history-of-farting/ | access-date= 10 June 2025 }}</ref> His most famous musical hit was "The Fart", followed by "The Second Part of The Fart". During the [[Augustan literature|British Augustan]] age, there were several flatulence-related works of [[erotica]] circulated in underground [[pamphlets]]. For example, the names “Miss-Pop fart”, "Mrs. Tickle-Fart", “Madam Rousing Fart”, and "Tabitha Turnip-Fart" were coined to reflect some Augustan works of erotica.<ref name="Barchas2024">{{Cite book | last = Barchas | first = Janine | editor1-last = Pettit | editor1-first = Alexander | editor2-last = Spedding | editor2-first = Patrick | title = Eighteenth-Century British Erotica, Part II, Volume 1 | publisher = Taylor & Francis | location = London | year = 2024 | isbn = 9781040238424 | url = https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9781040238424_A49445550/preview-9781040238424_A49445550.pdf | access-date = 2025-04-14 }}</ref> Notable among these pamphlets is ''The Benefit of Farting Explain'd'',<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Puff-Indorst | first1 = Don Fartinando | last2 = Swift | first2 = Jonathan | last3 = Fizzle | first3 = Obadiah | title = ''The Benefit of Farting Explain’d : Or, the Fundament-All Cause of the Distempers Incident to the Fair-Sex, Enquired into. Proving à Posteriori Most of the Dis-Ordures In-Tail’d upon Them, Are Owing to Flatulencies Not Seasonably Vented. Wrote in Spanish by Don Fartinando Puff-Indorst Professor of Bumbast in the University of Crackow. And Translated into English at the Request, and for the Use, of the Lady Damp-Fart of Her-Fart-Shire. By Obadiah Fizzle, Groom of the Stool to the Princess of Arsimini in Sardinia.'' | place = Longford in Ireland [i.e. London] | publisher = Simon Bumbubbard | year = 1722 | url = http://find.galegroup.com/ecco/infomark.do?contentSet=ECCOArticles&amp;docType=ECCOArticles&amp;bookId=0092301100&amp;type=getFullCitation&amp;tabID=T001&amp;prodId=ECCO&amp;docLevel=TEXT_GRAPHICS&amp;version=1.0&amp;source=library | access-date = 10 June 2025 }}</ref> a pseudomedical pamphlet published in 1722 that argued for the therapeutic necessity of farting, particularly in women. That same year saw the publication of ''Arse Musica; or, The Lady’s Back Report to Don Fart-in-hand-o Puff-in dorst'', a flatulent parody of [[Italy|Italian]] opera that celebrated the aesthetic pleasures of bodily emissions coming from the anus. This was followed by ''The Beau's Miscellany'',<ref>{{cite book | title = ''The Beau's Miscellany: Being a New and Curious Collection of Amorous Tales, Diverting Song, and Entertaining Poems. Part II.'' | editor = Various Hands | place = London | publisher = A. Moore | date = 1731 <!-- imprint undated; ESTC suggests [1731?] --> | format = Duodecimo | series = ECCO – BOD | id = ESTC T80397; EEBO CW3312781141 | url = http://find.galegroup.com/ecco/infomark.do?&prodId=ECCO&docId=CW3312781141 | access-date = 10 June 2025 }}</ref> a collection of verse and prose where in flatulence serves as a titillating motif and de facto [[comedy|comedic relief]]. Collectively, these texts exemplify an [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightment]]-era libertine tradition in which farting was also seen as erotic by some. A depiction of eproctophilia appears in the Marquis de Sade unfinished novel ''The 120 Days of Sodom'', written in 1785 and published in 1904 after its manuscript was rediscovered. The book describes the activities of four wealthy libertine Frenchmen who spend four months seeking the ultimate sexual gratification through orgies, including eproctophilic activities. One episode describes a character who “knelt down before that decrepit bum and kissed it lovingly; farts were blown up his nose, he waxed ecstatic…,” illustrating vivid exploitation of flatulence as sexual stimulus.<ref name="SadeSupervert">{{cite web |last = Sade |first = Donatien Alphonse François, Marquis de |title = ''The 120 Days of Sodom'' |url = https://16beavergroup.org/pdf/120_days_of_sodom.pdf |publisher = Supervert 32C Inc. |date = 2002 |format = PDF |page = 125 |access-date= 2025-06-05}}</ref> The [[18th century|eighteenth-century]] discourses of flatulence and female outlawry demonstrate sexual experimentation and the possible existence of eproctophilia throughout [[history]]. [[File:Fart contest, Hegassen scroll detail.jpg|thumb|An example of flatulence humor in [[Japan]] is found in ''He‑gassen'' (circa 1864), which depicts rival groups farting at each other in a comic battle.|155x155px]] In [[Mark Twain]]'s risqué squib "1601", published anonymous in 1880, flatulence was depicted in a sexually suggestive manner.<ref>{{cite book | last = Twain | first = Mark | title = 1601 | edition = Collected in ''Mark Twain’s Library of Humor'' | publisher = Harper & Brothers | year = 1882 | pages = 45–58 | isbn = 9780060973810 }}</ref><ref name="Beck2003">{{cite book | last = Beck | first = Lewis | title = ''Mark Twain and Metaphor'' | publisher = University of Missouri Press | year = 2003 | pages = 43–47 | isbn = 9780826217622 }}</ref> [[James Joyce]], the renowned [[Irish people|Irish]] [[author]], exhibited eproctophilic tendencies, as evidenced by his intimate correspondence with Nora Barnacle. James Joyce's erotographomaniac [[letter|letters]] to Nora Barnacle from 1909 revealed his fascination with her farts, as he expressed a [[desire]] to hear her "tiny little naughty farties" and described them as "fat dirty farts".<ref>{{cite book | editor-last = Gilbert | editor-first = Stuart | author-last = Joyce | author-first = James | title = Letters of James Joyce | publisher = Viking Press; Faber & Faber | location = New York; London | date = 1957–1966 | oclc = 2397715 | url = https://www.worldcat.org/title/letters-of-james-joyce/oclc/2397715 | access-date = 7 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = James Joyce’s Love Letters to Nora Barnacle, His ‘Dirty Little Fuckbird.’ | date = 2021-07-28 | website = The Paris Review | url = https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2018/02/02/james-joyces-love-letters-dirty-little-fuckbird/ | access-date = 2025-04-12 }}</ref> He noted that Nora's farts with each thrust heightened his erotic arousal and claimed he could pick hers out in a room full of farting women. He further exemplified eproctophilia in the "Bella / Bello” vignette of the “Circe” episode, where Bella demanded bystanders to hold Bloom down and farted directly onto his face.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Thomas | first = Frankie | title = Unspeakable "Circe": Sexual Perversion and the Lacanian Detour in Ulysses | journal = James Joyce Quarterly | volume = 54 | issue = 3–4 | pages = 303–313 | year = 2017 | publisher = The University of Tulsa | issn = 1938-6036 | url = https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/80/article/707927 | access-date = 2025-06-27 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Mason | first = Clara | title = Concepts of Memory: Molly Bloom and St Augustine | website = Bloomsday Sydney Foundation | date = 2013 | url = https://www.bloomsdaysydney.com/Foundation/foundation/concepts_of_memory.html | access-date = 2025-06-27 | quote = Bello: 'Well, I’m not. Wait. (He holds in his breath) Curse it. Here. This bung’s about burst. (He uncorks himself behind: then, contorting his features, farts loudly) Take that! (He recorks himself) Yes, by jingo, sixteen three quarters. Bloom: (A sweat breaking out over him) Not man. (He sniffs) Woman.' }}</ref> Although presented in a literary context, similar behaviors have been described in clinical literature. One of the earliest clinical cases of flatulence fetishism appears in a 1994 psychoanalytic report of a fetishistic cross-dresser presenting with a recalcitrant symptom of anal flatulence related to a transference perversion.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Baker | first1 = R. | title = Psychoanalysis as a lifeline: a clinical study of a transference perversion | journal = International Journal of Psychoanalysis | date = August 1994 | volume = 75 | issue = Pt 4 | pages = 743–753 | pmid = 7989146 }}</ref> In this case, the act of flatulence functioned as a central component for the patient's sexual gratification, consistent with eproctophilic interests. In Brazil, the production [[company]] MFX Media makes fetish videos that include fart-fetish content. The company gained international attention after it released a [[coprophilia|coprophilic]] video titled "[[2 Girls 1 Cup]]". The video showed extreme fetish acts and was made by MFX Media's director, Marco Antônio Fiorito. Fiorito described himself as a "compulsive fetishist" and began making fetish [[films]] in the [[1990s]]. In 2008, a Brazilian eproctophilic short film titled "Cake Farts" gained virality online.<ref>{{cite web |last=Dictionary.com Staff |title=cake farts |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/pop-culture/cake-farts/ |website=Pop Culture dictionary |publisher=Dictionary.com |date=May 16, 2018 |access-date=June 22, 2025}}</ref> In episode 1206 of South Park, titled "Over Logging", the character Randy Marsh searches up "Brazilian fart porn", ejaculating to it.<ref>Piero, M. (2021). "[https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91944-3_5 The Chronotope of the Fart as Pharmakon in *South Park: The Fractured But Whole*]." In *Video Game Chronotopes and Social Justice*. Palgrave Games in Context. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.</ref> A Japanese company named Fart FeTish Club (ファートフェチ) produced and distributed fart fetish films in the early 2000s.<ref>[https://www.google.com/books?id=xCSjuwDKchkC&pg=PA26 "The Farting Femmes of NonVirtuous Reality"]Dawson, Jim. ''Blame It on the Dog: A Modern History of the Fart''. (Illustrated edition). Clarkson Potter/Ten Speed, 2006. p. 26. ISBN 1580087515, 9781580087513.</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Griffith |first=Jackson |date=2004-01-08 |title=Fetish of Woman’s Fart |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203025955/https://www.newsreview.com/sacramento/content/fetish-of-womans-fart/26890/|website=News & Review |publisher=Sacramento News & Review |access-date=2025-06-29 }}</ref> In modern day, a notable incident is when the former reality television star from the [[United States]], Stephanie Matto, was [[hospital|hospitalized]] in 2022 after modifying her [[diet]] to accommodate her [[business]] of [[jar|jars]] containing her farts. This practice eventually led her to [[dyspnea|difficulty breathing]] caused by excessive gas accumulation,<ref>{{cite web | last = Lee | first = Bruce Y. | title = 90 Day Fiancé Star Sells Her Farts in Jars Then Suffers Health Scare | website = Forbes | publisher = Forbes Magazine | date = 8 January 2022 | url = https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2022/01/08/90-day-fianc-star-sells-farts-in-jars-then-suffers-health-scare/ | access-date = 12 April 2025 }}</ref> prompting other creators to supersede her.<ref>{{cite web | last = Alford | first = Aaron | title = Amouranth is now selling jars of her farts and hot tub water for ridiculous prices | website = Inven Global | date = 28 February 2022 | url = https://www.invenglobal.com/articles/16596/amouranth-starts-business-selling-her-own-scent-jars-and-hot-tub-water | access-date = 26 June 2025 }}</ref> In March 2025, [[DC Comics]] released the one-short ''Harley Quinn Fartacular: Silent Butt Deadly'', which centers its plot entirely on flatulence and included a built-in [[scratch-and-sniff]] feature. Some reviewers argued that the comic functioned more as a fart-fetish comic than a traditional [[superhero]] story, with its prolonged focus on flatulence and visceral imagery as evidence of fetishistic intent rather than typical hero action.<ref>{{cite web | last=Luken | first=Jackson | date=26 March 2025 | title=Harley Quinn Fartacular: Silent Butt Deadly #1 review | website=Batman News | url=https://batman-news.com/2025/03/26/harley-quinn-fartacular-silent-butt-deadly-1-review/ | access-date=10 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Goldfield | first=Ray | date=26 March 2025 | title=Review – Harley Quinn Fartacular: Silent Butt Deadly #1 – Yep, That’s the Title | website=GeekDad | url=https://geekdad.com/2025/03/review-harley-quinn-fartacular-silent-butt-deadly-1-yep-thats-the-title/ | access-date=10 June 2025 }}</ref> Research has shown that trace amounts of [[hydrogen sulfide]] may prevent [[mitochondrial]] damage in [[cells]].<ref>{{cite journal | last = Murphy | first = Brian | last2 = Bhattacharya | first2 = Rajat | last3 = Mukherjee | first3 = Priyabrata | year = 2019 | title = Hydrogen sulfide signaling in mitochondria and disease | journal = The FASEB Journal | volume = 33 | issue = 12 | pages = 13098–13125 | doi = 10.1096/fj.201901304R | pmid = 31648556 | pmc = PMC6894098 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Paul | first1 = Biswanath D. | last2 = Snyder | first2 = Solomon H. | last3 = Kashfi | first3 = Kamal | title = Effects of hydrogen sulfide on mitochondrial function and cellular bioenergetics | journal = Redox Biology | date = January 2021 | volume = 38 | pages = 101772 | doi = 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101772 | pmid = 33137711 | pmc = 7606857 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last = Fu | first = Ming | last2 = Zhang | first2 = Weihua | last3 = Wu | first3 = Lingyun | last4 = Yang | first4 = Guangdong | last5 = Li | first5 = Hongzhu | last6 = Wang | first6 = Rui | year = 2012 | title = Hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) metabolism in mitochondria and its regulatory role in energy production | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 109 | issue = 8 | pages = 2943–2948 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1115634109 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Sniffing your partner’s farts could help ward off disease | url = https://nypost.com/2017/10/27/sniffing-your-partners-farts-could-help-ward-off-disease/ | website = New York Post | date = October 27, 2017 }}</ref> This has led to the misleading belief that smelling farts could have health benefits. Another common misconception is that farting on someone's face can cause [[Conjunctivitis|pink eye]].<ref>{{cite web | last1 = Dryer | first1 = Courtney | last2 = Boparai | first2 = Jovi | title = Can You Get Pink Eye from a Fart? | website = CorneaCare | date = 2 May 2024 | url = https://mycorneacare.com/eye-health-and-wellness/can-you-get-pink-eye-from-a-fart/ | access-date = 2 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | author = Family Focus Eyecare | title = Can you get Pink Eye from a Fart? What Actually Causes Conjunctivitis? | website = Family Focus Eyecare | date = 24 September 2024 | url = https://www.famfocuseye.com/2024/09/24/can-you-get-pink-eye-from-a-fart-what-actually-causes-conjunctivitis/ | access-date = 20 June 2025 }}</ref> However, farting onto a face through clothing is unlikely to transmit bacteria.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Hot air? | journal = BMJ | date = 22 December 2001 | volume = 323 | issue = 7327 | page = 1449 | pmc = 1121900 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1121900/ | access-date = 20 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | author = James Felton | title = The Australian Scientist Who Tested Whether Farts Spread Disease | website = IFLScience | date = 26 April 2021 | url = https://www.iflscience.com/the-australian-scientist-who-tested-whether-farts-spread-disease-58972 | access-date = 20 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>Lee, Bruce Y. (May 31, 2025). "[https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2025/05/31/tiktoker-claims-fart-near-her-face-caused-7-years-of-sinus-infections/ TikToker Claims Fart Near Her Face Caused 7 Years Of Sinus Infections]". ''Forbes''. Retrieved June 26, 2025.</ref> Because the person farting is generally habituated to the scent of their own flatulence and typically do not experience it as offensive,<ref>{{cite journal | last1=McBurney | first1=D. H. | last2=Levine | first2=J. M. | last3=Cavanaugh | first3=P. H. | year=1976 | title=Psychophysical and social ratings of human body odor | journal=Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin | volume=3 | issue=1 | pages=135–138 | doi=10.1177/014616727600300126 }}</ref><ref>Komarla, J. (14 December 2023). "[https://www.zmescience.com/feature-post/health/food-and-nutrition/why-do-some-people-like-the-smell-of-their-own-farts/ Why do some people like the smell of their own farts?]". ''ZME Science''. Retrieved 2 July 2025.</ref> fart play may be considered olfactorily tolerable for the performer and [[Ethics|ethically]] permissible when mutual consent is established. As with all sexual preferences, the key to a healthy experience is mutual [[consent]], [[respect]], and [[communication]] between individuals involved. Non-consensual exposure or involving non-consenting individuals is highly unethical and generally [[Law|illegal]].<ref>{{cite web |date=2010-04-07 |title=Victim Says Flatulence Fetish Led to Sexual Assault |website=News 9 |publisher=News 9 |url=https://www.news9.com/story/5e35015ee0c96e774b36aefa/victim-says-flatulence-fetish-led-to-sexual-assault |access-date=2025-04-20 }}</ref> == Related pages == *[[Flatulence]] *[[Coprophilia]] *[[Paraphilia]] *[[Sexual fetishism]] *[[Foot odor]] *[[Human sexuality]] *[[BDSM]] *[[Urolagnia]] *[[Social stigma]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{notelist}} ==Further reading== *{{cite book |last=Love |first=Brenda |title=Encyclopedia of Unusual Sex Practices |publisher=Barricade Books |year=1992 |isbn=9781569800119}} ==Other websites== *[[wikt:eproctophilia|Eproctophilia]] *[https://eproctophilia.org/ Eproctophilia.org] *[https://fartfetish.podbean.com/ Fart Fetish Podcast] {{medical resources | ICD10 = [https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/F65.8 F65.8 – Other paraphilias] | MeshID = D005329 }} {{Mental disorders}} {{sex-stub}} [[Category:Human sexuality]] [[Category:BDSM]] [[Category:Paraphilias]] [[Category:Sexual fetishism]] [[Category:Flatulence]] gyri394yahj6mmpli28vq8uotx5iron 10368871 10368869 2025-07-03T03:35:12Z GeorgeDroyd 1626532 10368871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Refimprove|date=March 2025}} [[File:Facesitting9.jpg|thumb|[[Facesitting]], specifically face-farting, is a common practice used by those with eproctophilia in which the [[BDSM|dominant]] [[Sexual partner|partner]] sits on the submissive [[victim]] and expels gas directly onto their [[ear]], [[mouth]], [[nose]], or [[tongue]].<ref>{{cite web | last = Griffiths | first = Mark | year = 2012 | title = Farting company: The strange world of eproctophilia | url = https://drmarkgriffiths.wordpress.com/2012/05/11/farting-company-the-strange-world-of-eproctophilia/ | website = drmarkgriffiths.wordpress.com | access-date = 12 April 2025 }}</ref>|155x155px]] A '''fart fetish''', also known as '''eproctophilia,''' is a [[paraphilia]] in which a person becomes intensely [[Arousal|sexually aroused]] by the [[sound]], [[Odor|smell]], or act of [[farting]]. People with this fetish may also become aroused by the [[idea]] of another person farting or farting themselves, the sensation of a fart caressing their [[skin]], or any combination of these. They often incorporate farts into their [[sexual|sexual experiences]], examples being when a [[dominatrix]] farts on a [[Male submission|submissive man]]'s [[Human penis|penis]] or when a dominant man farts on a [[Female submission|submissive woman]]'s [[vagina]]. ==Etymology== The [[neologism]] ''eproctophilia'' is formed from three parts: * [[Latin]] [[prefix]] ''e-'' – a formative element (here serving to link the root and [[suffix]]) * [[Ancient Greece|Ancient]] [[Greek language|Greek]] [[noun]] ''πρωκτός'' (prōktós) – “[[anus]]” * Greek suffix ''-φιλία'' (-philia) – “[[love]]” or “affection” Etymologically, ''eproctophilia'' means “love of the anus”. However, in its actual usage it denotes a paraphilic interest in flatulence rather than an attraction to the anatomical anus per se. The term was coined by the sexologist Brenda J. Love in her 1992 ''Encyclopedia of Unusual Sex Practices.'' ==Characteristics== For an eproctolagniac (a person who suffers from fart fetishism), some points of attraction include the smell, sound, and the [[time|duration]] of the fart.<ref>{{cite web | title=Theoretical Psychology with a Focus on Sexology: Attractiveness Research in Eproctophilia | url=https://www.booksie.com/657260-theoretical-psychology-with-a-focus-on-sexology-lecture-attractiveness-research-in-eproctophilia | access-date=2 June 2025 }}</ref> For example, one eproctolagniac reported a preference for protracted, acrid, sulfurous, deep-bubbling farts that emanated through fabric.<ref name="Griffiths2013">{{cite journal | last = Griffiths | first = Mark | title = Eproctophilia in a young adult male: A case study | journal = Archives of Sexual Behavior | year = 2013 | volume = 42 | issue = 4 | pages = 847–849 | doi = 10.1007/s10508-013-0105-9 | pmid = 23408258 }}</ref> Most eproctolagniacs are more aroused by the person farting, rather than by the farts themselves.<ref>{{cite web | last = Griffiths | first = Mark D. | title = Kick-Gas 2: Another look at eproctophilia | url = https://drmarkgriffiths.wordpress.com/2013/08/02/kick-gas-2-another-look-at-eproctophilia/ | website = Dr Mark Griffiths' blog | date = 2 August 2013 | access-date = 1 June 2025 }}</ref> This may include an attraction to the visual appeal of the buttocks, the anus, or both, given that flatulence is expelled from that region of the body. Every individual has a unique gut microbiota profile and may have a unique fart signature.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Browne | first1 = H. P. | last2 = Forster | first2 = S. C. | last3 = Anonye | first3 = B. O. | last4 = Kumar | first4 = N. | last5 = Neville | first5 = B. A. | last6 = Stares | first6 = M. D. | last7 = Goulding | first7 = D. | last8 = Holt | first8 = L. | last9 = Lawley | first9 = T. D. | title = Culturing of ‘unculturable’ human microbiota reveals novel taxa and extensive sporulation | journal = Nature | volume = 533 | pages = 543–546 | year = 2016 | doi = 10.1038/nature17645 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Snyder |first=Michael |title=Our bacteria are more personal than we thought, Stanford Medicine-led study shows |website=Stanford Medicine News Center |date=March 12, 2024 |url=https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2024/03/personal-microbiome.html |access-date=June 17, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Martinez-Lozano Sinues |first1=Pablo |last2=Kohler |first2=Malcolm |last3=Zenobi |first3=Renato |date=2013-04-03 |title=Human breath analysis may support the existence of individual metabolic phenotypes |journal=PLoS One |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=e59909 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0059909 |pmid=23573221 |pmc=PMC3616042 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23573221/ |access-date=2025-06-17 }}</ref> This implies that eproctolagniacs may experience uniquely tailored arousal responses tied to each individual's unique fart scent. Fart fetishism may also serve as a means of [[masochism|sadomasochism]] and [[humiliation]].<ref>{{cite book | last = DiClaudio | first = Dennis | title = The Deviant’s Pocket Guide to the Outlandish Sexual Desires Barely Contained in Your Subconscious | publisher = becker&mayer! Books | year = 2019 | location = United States | page = 46 | url = https://www.google.com/books?id=PlnBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA46 | access-date=29 June 2025 | quote = Eproctophilia… may be a form of sadomasochism. It is generally believed that it derives from a desire to debase or to be debased on some level. Certainly there is an element of humiliation involved. }}</ref> It is a common form of olfactophilia (odor fetishism).<ref name="Griffiths2013"></ref> The fetish can vary greatly. Some eproctolagniacs may be attracted to the art of farting in private or [[public]] settings. In contrast, others may [[Happiness|enjoy]] the [[Social interaction|interaction]] between other [[Partnership|partners]] who fart or [[talk]] about farts in a sexual context. [[Anilingus]] may be carried out with an act of farting straight into the mouth of the receiving partner. Eproctolagniacs may enjoy the "Dutch oven", where a fart is released under a shared blanket to trap the smell<ref>"If you happen to be in bed sleeping with someone, what you do is drop the nastiest, juiciest broccoli fart under the covers. Then while your partner is still sleeping, lift the covers over her head and then wait until the fart dissipates." Maddox. ''[[iarchive:alphabetofmanlin00madd|The Alphabet of Manliness]].'' Citadel Press, 2006 {{ISBN|0-8065-2720-X}}, 978-0-8065-2720-8, 204 pages p.66</ref> and increase olfactophilic arousal.<ref>{{cite book | last = Vigorito | first = Tony | title = Nine Kinds of Naked | publisher = Houghton Miflin Harcourt | year = 2015 | location = United States | page = 267 | url = https://www.google.com/books?id=7ct1BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA267 | access-date=29 June 2025 | quote = Eproctophilia, flatulent affection. It happens, apparently. I didn't invent it, fer chrissakes, and I don't think the Dutch invented it either, but what the hell do I know? But listen, swapping repugnancies is not my point. My quodlibet is this: The Dutch oven is society, holding a security blanket over our heads and suffocating us with the foul winds of false confidence. And society, of course, society is none other than we the people. So essentially, we fart in our own face. }}</ref> Farting can be considered a form of positive alliesthesia, in which pleasure comes from relieving [[gastrointestinal]] discomfort. The human anus has a relatively high density of sensory innervation<ref>{{cite web | author1 = Ahmed, A. | author2 = Arbor, T. C. | author3 = Qureshi, W. A. | title = Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis: Anal Canal | website = StatPearls [Internet] | publisher = StatPearls Publishing | location = Treasure Island (FL) | date = 2023-05-22 | access-date = 2025-06-26 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554531/ }}</ref> and may be considered an erogenous zone by eproctolagniacs from flatulating. They may sometimes deliberately consume prebiotics (such as inulin powder), sugar free candies (with maltitol or sorbitol), and a high-FODMAP diet, or practice aerophagia to produce more intestinal gas. Eproctolagniacs often prefer natural farts that come from digestion over farts created by pumping air into the body or over [[Vaginal flatulence|queefs]].<ref name="Samantha">{{cite web | last = Cole | first = Samantha | date = 2024-08-09 | title = Taking a Long, Deep Sniff of Fart Porn | website = VICE | url = https://www.vice.com/en/article/taking-a-long-deep-sniff-of-fart-porn/ | access-date = 2025-04-12 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Barrett-Ibarria |first1=Sofia |date=2018-04-03 |title=The Women Who Fart — And the Men Who Watch |website=MEL Magazine |publisher=Medium |url=https://medium.com/mel-magazine/the-women-who-fart-and-the-men-who-watch-5247a9fffcd |access-date=2025-06-22 }}</ref> However, some may be permissive because they prefer hearing farts (or approximations) over smelling them. Some may like seeing a visual aspect of flatulence, such as observing flatulence underwater<ref name="Queen">{{cite web | last = Stone | first = Lillian | date = October 22, 2020 | title = The Gassy Queens of OnlyFans | website = MEL Magazine | url = https://melmagazine.com/en-us/story/fart-fetish-girls-farting-onlyfans-reddit | access-date = June 25, 2025 }}</ref> or witnessing the dispersal of baby powder during emission. A few may derive intense [[pleasure]] from using public [[restrooms]] due to the [[Sensory system|sensual]] [[Stimulus (psychology)|stimuli]]. This behaviour, a subset of erotic relieving observance, may be considered [[voyeurism]], and can result in legal consequences.<ref>{{cite web | title = Commonwealth v. Yannuzzi | url = https://law.justia.com/cases/pennsylvania/superior-court/2021/167-eda-2021.html | website = Justia Law | publisher = Pennsylvania Superior Court | date = 10 December 2021 | access-date = 30 June 2025 }}</ref> ==Prevalence== Eproctophilia is considered very rare, and [[Empiricism|empirical]] [[data]] on its prevalence is limited. It may be more common in [[men]] than in [[women]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dawson |first=Sarah J. |last2=Bannerman |first2=Bradley A. |last3=Lalumière |first3=Martin L. |title=Paraphilic Interests: An Examination of Sex Differences in a Nonclinical Sample |journal=Sexual Abuse |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=20–45 |date=February 2016 |doi=10.1177/1079063214525645 |pmid=24633420 |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063214525645}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/paraphilias-overview | title = Paraphilias | agency = WebMD LLC | publisher = WebMD LLC | date = 10 November 2024 | access-date = 13 April 2025 }}</ref> In a representative survey of 1,040 adults in [[Quebec]], 15.9 percent of respondents indicated an interest in fetishistic behaviors.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Joyal |first1=Christian C. |last2=Carpentier |first2=Julie |title=The Prevalence of Paraphilic Interests and Behaviors in the General Population: A Provincial Survey |journal=The Journal of Sex Research |year=2017 |volume=54 |issue=2 |pages=161–171 |doi=10.1080/00224499.2016.1139034 |pmid=26941021 }}</ref> According to an informal survey of 1,000 adults, approximately 11 percent of male respondents reported being attracted to their partner's flatulence, compared to 3 percent of female respondents who expressed similar attraction.<ref>{{cite web | last = Taylor | first = Jordyn | title = Here’s How Many People Get Turned on By Their Partners’ Farts | url = https://www.menshealth.com/sex-women/a23451412/farting-pooping-in-a-relationship/ | website = Men’s Health | publisher = Hearst Magazines, Inc. | date = September 25, 2018 | access-date = June 22, 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://thebeatva.iheart.com/content/2018-09-27-is-your-partner-turned-on-by-your-farts/ |title=Is Your Partner Turned On By Your Farts |author=Jrod |date=27 September 2018 |website=92.1 The Beat |publisher=iHeartMedia |access-date=22 June 2025 }}</ref> These surveys could suggest fart fetishism is more common; however, there are no direct prevalence estimates for eproctophilia alone. ===Online popularity=== Analyses of user activity on major adult-content platforms indicate that eproctophilia has risen among fetish categories. In August 2006, AOL released a database of its subscribers' search queries. Among the phrases containing the word "fetish", the term "fart" ranked as the 52nd most common search.<ref>''AOL's Accidental Release of Search Data – The Sexmind of America.''[https://web.archive.org/web/20070221135508/http://www.aphrodisiology.com:80/aol-fetishes aphrodisiology.com], accessed June 2007</ref> The 2016 [[Pornhub]] Year in Review revealed that searches in [[Brazil]] and the [[Netherlands]] for "fart" content surged by 108 percent and 126 percent respectively compared to the previous year.<ref name="PornhubInsights2016">{{cite web | title = Pornhub’s 2016 Year in Review | website = Pornhub Insights | publisher = Pornhub | date = 2017 | url = https://www.pornhub.com/insights/2016-year-in-review | access-date = June 25, 2025 }}</ref><ref name="EproctophiliaOrg">{{cite web | title = Eproctophilia.org: Is there any other data or statistics on eproctophilia? | website = Eproctophilia.org | publisher = Eproctophilia.org | url = https://eproctophilia.org/index.html | access-date = June 25, 2025 }}</ref> Pornhub has a dedicated genre for flatulence videos and has more than 15,000 videos as of 2021.<ref>{{cite web | last = Pradeep | first = Malavika | title = Introducing the ‘gastronomical’ world of fart fetishes and why some people are into it | website = SCREENSHOT Media | publisher = SCREENSHOT Media Group | date = 2021-05-21 | url = https://screenshot-media.com/culture/internet-culture/fart-fetish/ | access-date = 2025-06-26 }}</ref><ref name="Queen"></ref> On clips4sale, an established fetish porn site, flatulence fetishism was the second most prevalent category on a global scale in 2024.<ref name="Joel2024">{{cite web | last = de Blonk | first = Joel | title = Farting Fetish Ranks Second Most Popular Worldwide | website = Y94 | date = 11 June 2024 | url = https://y94.com/2024/06/11/farting-fetish-ranks-second-most-popular-worldwide/ | access-date = 5 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | author = Nicole | title = ‘Farts’ Quickly Rising to the Top of Global Market | website = Clips4Sale Blog | date = 5 June 2024 | url = https://blog.clips4sale.com/b/farts-quickly-rising-to-the-top-of-global-market/ | access-date = 27 June 2025 }}</ref><ref name="DailyStar2024">{{cite web | title = Kinky Brits love 'sweet smell of success' as farting becomes UK's top fetish | website = Daily Star | date = June 7, 2024 | url = https://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/weird-news/kinky-brits-love-sweet-smell-32979570 | access-date = June 26, 2025 }}</ref><ref name="Munger2024">{{cite web | last = Munger | first = Brian | title = Fart Fetishes Lingering Toward Mainstream Popularity? | website = Medium | publisher = The Pub | date = June 9, 2024 | url = https://medium.com/the-pub/fart-fetishes-lingering-toward-mainstream-popularity-72fb60c0cc51 | access-date = June 25, 2025 }}</ref> Nonetheless, the online popularity of fart porn does not reflect the actual prevalence of eproctophilia. Some people may watch it out of mere [[curiosity]], but that doesn't mean they have a fart fetish.<ref name="CosmoFetish2024">Engle, Gigi (12 July 2024). [https://web.archive.org/web/20240715074042/https://www.cosmopolitan.com/sex-love/a61583448/fart-fetish/"Wait, What’s a Fart Fetish? Flatulence is in, my friends."] ''Cosmopolitan''. Hearst. Retrieved 25 June 2025.</ref> ==Causes== Some experts believe this behaviour may be [[Causality|caused]] by [[Psychological trauma|traumatic]] [[childhood]] experiences alongside behavioural conditioning.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Longpré | first = Nicholas | last2 = Burdis Galiano | first2 = Courtney | last3 = Guay | first3 = Jean-Pierre | year = 2022 | title = The impact of childhood trauma, personality, and sexuality on the development of paraphilias | journal = Journal of Criminal Justice | volume = 82 | doi = 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2022.101981 | issn = 0047-2352 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Eproctophilia: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment | date = 2019-06-02 | website = Drugstore Online – RXShop.Md | url = https://www.rxshop.md/articles/2019/eproctophilia-symptoms-causes-and-treatment/ | access-date = 2025-03-23 }}</ref> For example, if the sound or smell of farts is consistently paired with sexual arousal at a presumably young age, then it can form a [[neuron|neural]] pathway where farting can become a trigger for sexual excitement on its own through [[classical conditioning]], especially when such experiences coincide with psychosocial stressors during formative years. Some [[Psychology|psychological]] fixations, possibly related to the contested [[anal stage|anal stage of psychosexual development]] (ages 1-3) as proposed by [[Sigmund Freud]], may contribute to the emergence of eproctophilia. Freud categorized fart humour as a means of expressing repressed anal-erotic desires, viewing it as predominantly sexual and aggressive in its intention.<ref>{{cite book | last = Freud | first = Sigmund | translator = Brill, A. A. | title = ''Wit and Its Relation to the Unconscious'' | year = 1905 | publisher = Moffat, Yard and Co. | location = New York | url = https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/75915 | access-date = June 22, 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Blank | first1 = Trevor J. | title = Cheeky Behavior: The Meaning and Function of ‘Fartlore’ in Childhood and Adolescence | journal = Children’s Folklore Review | volume = 32 | year = 2010 | pages = 11 | url = https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/cfr/article/view/25085/30962 | access-date = June 22, 2025 }}</ref> Some people argue that flatulence violates the norms of decorum and modesty, which can paradoxically repel and attract one.<ref>van Dongen, E. (2001). "[https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860120064952 It isn't something to yodel about, but it exists! Faeces, nurses, social relations and status within a mental hospital]." Aging & Mental Health. 5 (3): 205–215. doi:10.1080/13607860120064952. PMID 11575059.</ref><ref>Lunceford, Brett (1 October 2013). "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261707609_The_Real_Consequences_of_Imaginary_Sex_Acts The Real Consequences of Imaginary Sex Acts]." Etc.; a review of general semantics. 70: 405–433. Retrieved 24 June 2025.</ref><ref>Paasonen, Susanna (2011). "[https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262016315.001.0001 Carnal Resonance: Affect and Online Pornography]." Cambridge, MA: MIT Press (online edn, MIT Press Scholarship Online, 22 Aug. 2013). Accessed 24 June 2025.</ref> Flatulence is occasionally incorporated into sex scenes in films and media as a form of comedic relief,<ref name="Rosewarne2013">{{cite book | last = Rosewarne | first = Lauren | title = ''American Taboo: The Forbidden Words, Unspoken Rules, and Secret Morality of Popular Culture'' | date = 13 August 2013 | publisher = ABC‑CLIO | location = Santa Barbara, California | pages = 48–49 | isbn = 9780313399336 | lccn = 2013011452 | url = https://www.google.com/books/edition/American_Taboo/qg7IEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA1958 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Halperin | first = Moze | date = January 27, 2016 | title = The Rich and Evolving History of Onscreen Farts | url = https://www.flavorwire.com/557903/the-rich-and-evolving-history-of-onscreen-farts | website = Flavorwire | publisher = BDG | access-date = June 23, 2025 }}</ref> which may contribute to maladaptive learned associations at an early age. More generally, some anecdotes from eproctolagniacs attribute their eproctophilic [[Imprinting (ethology)|imprint]] to the prevalence of flatulence humour and softcore flatulence-based depictions in media (e.g., gross-out humour in cartoons or comics<ref>{{cite news | last = Sparks | first = Hannah | date = 2024-11-10 | title = I’m a sexual perversion expert - these are the weirdest fetishes I’ve ever studied | newspaper = New York Post | url = https://nypost.com/2024/11/10/lifestyle/sexual-perversion-expert-reveals-the-weirdest-fetishes-studied/ | access-date = 2025-04-12 }}</ref>).<ref name="Samantha"></ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Morrison | first = Quinn | title = We Could Be The New Wind! | url = https://www.vice.com/en/article/farts-v14n9/ | website = VICE | date = September 1, 2007 | access-date = June 22, 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Viney | first = Joseph | title = Having a Gas With Eproctophiliacs | website = SexTech | date = 4 April 2015 | url = https://sextech.com/uncategorized/having-a-gas-with-eproctophiliacs/ | access-date = 26 June 2025 }}</ref> Excess exposure to titillating flatulence-based humour [[videos]] or flatulence-specific [[pornography]] prior to the acquisition of appropriate sexual and arousal education may inadvertently contribute to the development of eproctophilia and possibly make flatulence the main aphrodisiac for some eproctolagniacs.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Gassó | first1 = A. M. | last2 = Bruch-Granados | first2 = A. | title = Psychological and Forensic Challenges Regarding Youth Consumption of Pornography: A Narrative Review | journal = Adolescents | volume = 1 | issue = 2 | pages = 108–122 | year = 2021 | doi = 10.3390/adolescents1020009 | url = https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7051/1/2/9 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Attila | first1 = F. L. | last2 = Owusu | first2 = F. | last3 = Agyei-Sarpong | first3 = K. | last4 = Donkoh | first4 = H. | title = Adolescence and Sex Education: Socio-Cultural and Psycho-Theoretical Perspectives | journal = Mediterranean Journal of Social & Behavioral Research | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | pages = 43–49 | year = 2023 | doi = 10.30935/mjosbr/12801 | url = https://www.mjosbr.com/download/adolescence-and-sex-education-socio-cultural-and-psycho-theoretical-perspectives-12801.pdf }}</ref> If farts are among the first sexual experiences, the concomitant upregulation of ΔFosB expression and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)‑mediated synaptic plasticity may consolidate fundamental eproctophilic neural pathways.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Quintana | first1 = GR | last2 = Mac Cionnaith | first2 = CE | last3 = Pfaus | first3 = JG | title = Behavioral, Neural, and Molecular Mechanisms of Conditioned Mate Preference: The Role of Opioids and First Experiences of Sexual Reward | journal = Int. J. Mol. Sci. | date = 2022-08-10 | volume = 23 | issue = 16 | pages = 8928 | doi = 10.3390/ijms23168928 | pmid = 36012194 | pmc = 9409009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Greenhill |first=Richard |date=2018-03-01 |title=Meet the Men Who Have a Fart Fetish |website=VICE |publisher=VICE Digital Publishing, LLC |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/meet-the-men-who-have-a-fart-fetish |access-date=2025-06-21 }}</ref> Sexual arousal suppresses [[disgust]],<ref name="Oaten2019">{{cite journal | last1 = Oaten | first1 = M | last2 = Stevenson | first2 = RJ | last3 = Tapp | first3 = C | last4 = Case | first4 = TI | last5 = Cousins | first5 = A | title = The Role of Disgust in Male Sexual Decision‑Making | journal = Frontiers in Psychology | year = 2019 | volume = 9 | pages = 2602 | doi = 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02602 | pmid = 30723444 | pmc = 6350445 }}</ref><ref name="Fleischman2015">{{cite journal | last1 = Fleischman | first1 = DS | last2 = Hamilton | first2 = LD | last3 = Fessler | first3 = DM | last4 = Meston | first4 = CM | title = Disgust versus Lust: Exploring the Interactions of Disgust and Fear with Sexual Arousal in Women | journal = PLoS ONE | year = 2015 | volume = 10 | issue = 6 | pages = e0118151 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0118151 | pmid = 26106894 | pmc = 4479551 }}</ref> which can facilitate the learned association between flatulence and sexual gratification. Postorgasmic shame or disgust (if present<ref name="DisgustScale1994">{{cite journal | last1 = Haidt | first1 = Jonathan | last2 = McCauley | first2 = Christina | last3 = Rozin | first3 = Paul | year = 1994 | title = Individual differences in sensitivity to disgust: A scale sampling seven domains of disgust elicitors | journal = Personality and Individual Differences | volume = 16 | issue = 5 | pages = 701–713 | doi = 10.1016/0191-8869(94)90212-7 | url = https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1994-39581-001 | accessdate = June 25, 2025 }}</ref>) can activate the amygdala, which then modulates memory storage processes in the hippocampus and related structures,<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = McGaugh | first1 = JL | last2 = Cahill | first2 = L | last3 = Roozendaal | first3 = B | title = Involvement of the amygdala in memory storage: interaction with other brain systems | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | date = 1996-11-26 | volume = 93 | issue = 24 | pages = 13508–13514 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.93.24.13508 | pmid = 8942964 | pmc = 33638 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Croucher | first1 = CJ | last2 = Calder | first2 = AJ | last3 = Ramponi | first3 = C | last4 = Barnard | first4 = PJ | last5 = Murphy | first5 = FC | title = Disgust enhances the recollection of negative emotional images | journal = PLoS One | date = 2011-11-16 | volume = 6 | issue = 11 | pages = e26571 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0026571 | pmid = 22110588 | pmc = 3217922 }}</ref> strengthening the fetish imprint. Neural circuits established during early development remain latent until the pubertal surge of testosterone which activates and consolidates sexual pathways,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sisk |first1=CL |last2=Zehr |first2=JL |title=Pubertal hormones organize the adolescent brain and behavior |journal=Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology |year=2005 |volume=26 |issue=3–4 |pages=163–174 |doi=10.1016/j.yfrne.2005.10.003 |pmid=16309736 }}</ref> including imprinted paraphilic ones if reinforced through [[operant conditioning]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jordan |first1=K |last2=Fromberger |first2=P |last3=Stolpmann |first3=G |last4=Muller |first4=JL |title=The role of testosterone in sexuality and paraphilia - A neurobiological approach. Part I: testosterone and sexuality |journal=The Journal of Sexual Medicine |year=2011 |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=2993-3007 |doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02394.x |pmid=21810181 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tenbergen |first1=Gilian |last2=Wittfoth |first2=Matthias |last3=Frieling |first3=Helge |last4=Ponseti |first4=Jorge |last5=Walter |first5=Martin |last6=Walter |first6=Henrik |last7=Beier |first7=Klaus M. |last8=Schiffer |first8=Boris |last9=Kruger |first9=Tillmann H. C. |title=The Neurobiology and Psychology of Pedophilia: Recent Advances and Challenges |journal=Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |date=2015 |volume=9 |doi=10.3389/fnhum.2015.00344 |issn=1662-5161 |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/human-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00344 }}</ref> Paraphilias have been observed to cluster within families heterogeneously, suggesting a potential familial psychosocial transmission of paraphilias.<ref name="Labelle2012">{{cite journal | last1 = Labelle | first1 = A | last2 = Bourget | first2 = D | last3 = Bradford | first3 = JM | last4 = Alda | first4 = M | last5 = Tessier | first5 = P | title = Familial paraphilia: a pilot study with the construction of genograms | journal = ISRN Psychiatry | date = 2012-03-04 | volume = 2012 | pages = 692813 | doi = 10.5402/2012/692813 | pmid = 23738209 | pmc = 3658696 }}</ref> A portion of eproctolagniacs may have neurobiological differences,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jordan |first=Kirsten |last2=Fromberger |first2=Peter |last3=Stolpmann |first3=Georg |last4=Müller |first4=Jürgen Leo |title=The role of testosterone in sexuality and paraphilia—A neurobiological approach. Part II: testosterone and paraphilia |journal=J Sex Med |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=3008–3029 |year=2011 |doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02393.x |pmid=21797985}}</ref> such as differences in [[brain]] structure or function.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jordan |first=Konrad |last2=Lücker |first2=Erik |last3=Pietrzyk |first3=Ulrike |chapter=Structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging in assessing sexual preference |editor-last=Thienel |editor-first=Boris |editor-last2=Crépault |editor-first2=Antoine |title=Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences |volume=32 |pages=163–182 |publisher=Springer |year=2017 |doi=10.1007/7854_2016_58}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Eproctophilia: What It Is, Symptoms, Causes and Treatment |url=https://psychologyfor.com/eproctophilia-what-it-is-symptoms-causes-and-treatment/ |website=Psychology For |date=August 2024 |access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> A study of paraphilic individuals revealed elevated levels of central monoamines including [[dopamine]], [[serotonin]], and norepinephrine, along with decreased levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in [[urine]], a principal dopamine metabolite. These suggest neurochemical dysregulation of sexual reward/impulse circuits in paraphilics.<ref name="Kamenskov2019">{{cite journal | last1 = Kamenskov | first1 = M. Yu. | last2 = Gurina | first2 = O. I. | title = Neurotransmitter mechanisms of paraphilic disorders | journal = Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S. S. Korsakova | language = Russian | year = 2019 | volume = 119 | issue = 8 | pages = 61–67 | doi = 10.17116/jnevro201911908161 | pmid = 31626172 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vander Molen |first1=Lauryn |last2=Ronis |first2=Scott T. |last3=Benoit |first3=Aryn A. |title=Paraphilic Interests Versus Behaviors: Factors that Distinguish Individuals Who Act on Paraphilic Interests From Individuals Who Refrain |journal=Sexual Abuse |date=June 2023 |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=403–427 |doi=10.1177/10790632221108949 |pmid=35699951 |pmc=10189825 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10189825/ |access-date=29 June 2025}}</ref> The [[taboo|taboos]] and [[social stigma]] may contribute to the development of the fetish for some individuals through abjection. Some eproctolagniacs espouse the act of cathartic farting to be seen as an act of [[intimacy]] and breaking down barriers.<ref name="Griffiths2013"></ref> Eric Jones suggests that some eproctolagniacs may be socially ostracized and use flatulence as an alternate means of achieving emotional intimacy.<ref>{{cite thesis | last = Jones | first = Eric | title = Sexual Paraphilias as an Alternative Route to Emotional Intimacy | type = Doctoral dissertation | institution = Alliant International University | location = Irvine, California | year = 2018 | page = 5–6 | url = https://www.proquest.com/openview/e91f19c46eb5a742dd13c0c6cc83cf24/1 | access-date = 29 June 2025 }}</ref> A small informal convenience survey of young adults found that approximately 29 percent of respondents felt comfortable farting in front of their romantic partner between two and six months into the relationship,<ref name="Hakala2016">{{cite web | last = Hakala | first = Kate | title = Here’s When It’s OK to Start Openly Farting in a Relationship | url = https://www.mic.com/articles/137243/here-s-when-it-s-ok-to-start-openly-farting-in-a-relationship | website = Mic | publisher = BDG Media, Inc. | date = 2016-03-08 | access-date = 2025-06-09 }}</ref> indicating that the act functions as a marker of mutual comfort (colloquially called "breaking the fart barrier").<ref>{{cite web | last = Hogan | first = Brianne | title = Why Farting In Front Of Your Partner Is Actually Good For Your Relationship | url = https://www.scarymommy.com/lifestyle/why-farting-is-good-for-your-relationship | website = Scary Mommy | publisher = BDG Media, Inc. | date = 2024-11-27 | access-date = 2025-06-09 }}</ref> Lauren Rosewarne suggests many eproctolagniacs have a voyeuristic attraction to seeing women farting,<ref name="Rosewarne2013"></ref> particularly because of the gender pigeonhole that positions women as not supposed to fart publicly.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Weinberg | first1 = Martin S. | last2 = Williams | first2 = Colin J. | title = Fecal Matters: Habitus, Embodiments, and Deviance | journal = Social Problems | volume = 52 | issue = 3 | pages = 315–336 | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1525/sp.2005.52.3.315 | url = https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.2005.52.3.315 | access-date = 2025-06-09 }}</ref><ref name="Griffiths2013"></ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Cherie | first = Mistress Erisiana | title = Why would a guy want to be farted on? | website = Creative Loafing Tampa Bay | date = 22 November 2010 | url = https://www.cltampa.com/news/why-would-a-guy-want-to-be-farted-on-12286018 | access-date = 26 June 2025 }}</ref> Studies have shown that olfactory function is associated with sexual [[motivation]] and satisfaction.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Iuliano | first1 = Simone | last2 = Zagari | first2 = Maria C. | last3 = Frasca Polara | first3 = Giuseppe | last4 = Rotella | first4 = Giorgio | last5 = La Vignera | first5 = Sandro | last6 = Greco | first6 = Enrico A. | last7 = Liuzza | first7 = Marco T. | last8 = Aversa | first8 = Antonio | title = Global olfactory function correlates with global sexual functioning in men and women | journal = Minerva Medica | date = December 2023 | volume = 114 | issue = 6 | pages = 785–794 | doi = 10.23736/S0026-4806.23.08753-0 | pmid = 37382520 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last = Bendas | first = Julia | last2 = Hummel | first2 = Thomas | last3 = Croy | first3 = Ilona | year = 2018 | title = Olfactory function relates to sexual experience in adults | journal = Archives of Sexual Behavior | volume = 47 | issue = 5 | pages = 1333–1339 | doi = 10.1007/s10508-018-1203-x | pmid = 29721723 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Siegel | first1 = Jason K. | last2 = Kung | first2 = Shanna Y. | last3 = Wroblewski | first3 = Kristen E. | last4 = Kern | first4 = David W. | last5 = McClintock | first5 = Martha K. | last6 = Pinto | first6 = Jayant M. | title = Olfaction Is Associated With Sexual Motivation and Satisfaction in Older Men and Women | journal = The Journal of Sexual Medicine | date = February 2021 | volume = 18 | issue = 2 | pages = 295–302 | doi = 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.12.002 | pmid = 33423973 | pmc = 8694566 }}</ref> A high volume of malodorous flatus may indicate a diet rich in [[protein]] and [[fiber]] in a partner. [[Traumatic brain injury|Brain injuries]] and [[multiple sclerosis]] may lead one to spontaneously acquire paraphilias,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frohman |first=E. M. |last2=Frohman |first2=T. C. |last3=Moreault |first3=A. M. |title=Acquired Sexual Paraphilia in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis |journal=Archives of Neurology |volume=59 |issue=6 |pages=1006–1010 |year=2002 |doi=10.1001/archneur.59.6.1006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last = Bianchi-Demicheli | first = F. | last2 = Rollini | first2 = C. | last3 = Lovblad | first3 = K. | last4 = Ortigue | first4 = S. | title = “Sleeping Beauty paraphilia”: deviant desire in the context of bodily self-image disturbance in a patient with a fronto-parietal traumatic brain injury | journal = Medical Science Monitor | year = 2010 | volume = 16 | issue = 2 | pages = CS15–CS17 | pmid = 20110923 }}</ref><ref name="Langevin1992">{{cite journal | last = Langevin | first = R. | title = Biological Factors Contributing to Paraphiliac Behavior | journal = Psychiatric Annals | date = June 1992 | volume = 22 | issue = 6 | pages = 307, 309–314 | url = https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/biological-factors-contributing-paraphiliac-behavior | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> hypothetically including eproctophilia. The [[Presenter|host]] of the Fart Fetish Podcast, Raj Jawa,<ref name="Fox59EINPresswire2024">{{cite web | title = Celebrating Three Years of Breaking Taboos: Fart Fetish Podcast Shines a Light on Misunderstood Kinks | website = Fox59 (Business Press Releases) | publisher = EIN Presswire | date = December 9, 2024 | url = https://fox59.com/business/press-releases/ein-presswire/767330143/celebrating-three-years-of-breaking-taboos-fart-fetish-podcast-shines-a-light-on-misunderstood-kinks/ | access-date = June 24, 2025 }}</ref> postulated that since eproctophilia involves sexual conditioning to fart-related alliesthetic visceral cues, it would be mediated via the insula's interoceptive circuitry.<ref name="EproctophiliaOpinion">{{cite web | last1 = Jawa | first1 = Raj | title = Eproctophilia Is Not a Perversion or a Paraphilia | url = https://eproctophilia.org/PDF/eproctophiliaisnotapervsionoraparaphilia..pdf | website = Eproctophilia.org | format = PDF | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> Vagal afferents transmit [[enteric nervous system]] signals to the nucleus tractus solitarius, which regulates dorsal raphe, locus coeruleus, and ventral tegmental area neurons.<ref name="Breit2018">{{cite journal | last1 = Breit | first1 = Sigrid | last2 = Kupferberg | first2 = Aleksandra | last3 = Rogler | first3 = Gerhard | last4 = Hasler | first4 = Gregor | title = Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain–Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders | journal = Frontiers in Psychiatry | year = 2018 | volume = 9 | pages = 44 | doi = 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00044 | url = https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00044/full | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> Colonic enterochromaffin cells in the gut epithelium and gut microbiota synthesize 90 percent of the human body's serotonin and significant portions of other monoamines.<ref name="SerotoninMetabolismSD">{{cite web | title = Serotonin Metabolism | work = Topics in Immunology and Microbiology | publisher = Elsevier (ScienceDirect) | url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/serotonin-metabolism | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> The ENS contains specialized mechanosensitive and chemosensitive neurons that detect gas pressure, [[pH]] indications and the slightest indication of a fart building up. Any ENS-driven perturbations in peripheral monoamines, triggered by sexual arousal to flatulence or dysbiosis, could worsen maladaptive central monoaminergic states, such as hyperdominergic rewards response for fart stimuli or serotonergic–noradrenergic driven fixations, which could underpin compulsive sexual focus on flatulence.<ref name="Kamenskov2019"/> The ENS exhibits activity-dependent plasticity;<ref name="Giaroni1999">Giaroni C, De Ponti F, Cosentino M, Lecchini S, Frigo G (December 1999). "Plasticity in the enteric nervous system". ''Gastroenterology''. '''117''' (6): 1438–1458. doi:10.1016/S0016-5085(99)70295-7. PMID 10579986.</ref><ref name="Schaefer2009">Schäfer KH, Van Ginneken C, Copray S (2009). "Plasticity and neural stem cells in the enteric nervous system". ''Anatomical Record''. 292 (12): 1940–1952. doi:10.1002/ar.21033. PMID 19943347.</ref> consequently, repeated pairings of flatulence and [[orgasm]] may sensitize enteric reflex circuits, thereby amplifying ENS-mediated perturbations and amplifying eproctophilic reward pathways. Additionally, the anterior insular cortex [[Anatomy|anatomically]] and functionally sits at the nexus of interoceptive processing and limbic-reward systems.<ref name="Gogolla2017">{{cite journal | last1 = Gogolla | first1 = Nadine | title = The insular cortex | journal = Current Biology | date = 19 June 2017 | volume = 27 | issue = 12 | pages = R580–R586 | doi = 10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.010 | pmid = 28633023 | url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982217305468 | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> It maintains dense reciprocal connections with regions established as the neural substrates of sexual desire, such as the [[amygdala]], [[hypothalamus]], nucleus accumbens, and orbitofrontal cortex.<ref name="Calabro2019">{{cite journal | last1 = Calabrò | first1 = Rocco S. | last2 = Cacciola | first2 = Alberto | last3 = Bruschetta | first3 = Daniele | last4 = Milardi | first4 = Demetrio | last5 = Quattrini | first5 = Fabrizio | last6 = Sciarrone | first6 = Francesca | last7 = La Rosa | first7 = Gianluca | last8 = Bramanti | first8 = Placido | last9 = Anastasi | first9 = Giuseppe | title = Neuroanatomy and function of human sexual behavior: A neglected or unknown issue? | journal = Brain and Behavior | year = 2019 | volume = 9 | issue = 12 | pages = e01389 | doi = 10.1002/brb3.1389 | pmid = 31568703 | pmc = PMC6908863 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6908863/ | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref><ref name="Haber2011">{{cite book | last1 = Haber | first1 = Suzanne N. | editor1-last = Gottfried | editor1-first= Jay A. | chapter = 11 | title = Neuroanatomy of Reward: A View from the Ventral Striatum | publisher = CRC Press/Taylor & Francis | location = Boca Raton, FL | year = 2011 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92777/ | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> In some eproctolagniacs, aberrant visceral interoceptive signals encoded in the ENS are relayed via the vagus and mapped in the insula as salient internal states. The insula routes the signals into adjacent sexual arousals circuits. Therefore flatulence-related interoceptive cues acquire a direct path to the brain's sexual pathways. Orgasmic [[oxytocin]] amplifies and disinhibits the mesolimbic reward circuits,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Petersson |first=Maria |last2=Uvnäs-Moberg |first2=Kerstin |title=Interactions of Oxytocin and Dopamine—Effects on Behavior in Health and Disease |journal=Biomedicines |volume=12 |issue=11 |year=2024 |pages=2440 |doi=10.3390/biomedicines12112440 |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/11/2440}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Pfaus |first=James G. |title=Orgasms, Sexual Pleasure, and Opioid Reward Mechanisms |journal=Sexual Medicine Reviews |year=2025 |doi=10.1093/sxmrev/qeaf023 |url=https://academic.oup.com/smr/advance-article/doi/10.1093/sxmrev/qeaf023/8127191}}</ref> promoting sexual reinforcement of flatulent stimuli. However, no singular cause has been definitively established. The heterogeneity in its manifestation suggests that multiple psychological and developmental factors may be involved, as with other fetishes. ==As a paraphilic disorder== {{Infobox medical condition | name = Eproctophilia | synonyms = Eproctolagnia/eprectolagnia,<ref>{{cite book | last = Aggrawal | first = Anil | year = 2009 | title = Forensic and Medico-Legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices | publisher = CRC Press | isbn = 9781420043082 | url = https://www.google.com/books/edition/Forensic_and_Medico_legal_Aspects_of_Sex/uNkNhPZQprcC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA373 | page = 373 }}</ref> flatus fetishism, flatulophilia, flatuphilia | field = [[Psychiatry]]; Clinical psychology | treatment = Cognitive‑behavioral therapy; psychoeducation }} It is important to note that having a fart fetish is not [[Recognition|recognized]] to be a [[Mental illness|disorder]]. [[Treatment]] for eproctophilia is generally not needed unless it starts becoming a [[problem]] or is ego-dystonic.<ref>{{cite book | last = Griffiths | first = Mark | title = Sexual Perversions and Paraphilias: An A to Z | publisher = Curtis Press | year = 2024 | location = United States | page = 52 | url = https://www.google.com/books?id=SXM1EQAAQBAJ&pg=PT52 | access-date = 29 June 2025 | quote = Treatment for eproctophilia is generally not sought unless in some way it becomes problematic for the person. }}</ref> Therapeutic interventions are primarily focused on reducing internalized shame and facilitating social reintegration.<ref>{{cite book|title=Paraphilias: Phenomenology, Assessment, and Treatment|publisher=Routledge|year=2017|isbn=978-1138809185|editor-last=Beetz|editor-first=A. M.}}</ref> In severe cases, eproctolagniacs may be [[Anhedonia|unable to derive sexual gratification]] unless their partner consecutively and sonorously farts, which can present challenges if they are unable to do so. This might pressure the farting partner to eat more gas producing [[food]] or [[Air pump|pump air]] into their anus to satisfy the eproctolagniac, which can pose [[health]] problems.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Hejna | first1 = Petr | last2 = Zátopková | first2 = Lucie | last3 = Janík | first3 = Matěj | title = Rectal explosion: a strange case of autoerotic death | journal = International Journal of Legal Medicine | date = January 2021 | volume = 135 | issue = 1 | pages = 307–312 | doi = 10.1007/s00414-020-02344-7 | pmid = 32592072 | url = https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-020-02344-7 | access-date = 5 June 2025 }}</ref> In cases like these, the eproctolagniac may be [[Medical diagnosis|diagnosed]] with fetishism disorder under [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|DSM]]-5, as the fetish is coupled with significant [[Distress (medicine)|distress]] or [[Danger|peril]]. A fart fetish sometimes co-occurs with compulsive sexual behavior disorder which is often accompanied by comorbid psychopathologies, including autism, [[depression (mental illness)|depressive]], and [[anxiety disorder|anxiety disorders]].<ref name="Kafka2012">{{cite journal | last1 = Kafka | first1 = M. | year = 2012 | title = Axis I psychiatric disorders, paraphilic sexual offending and implications for pharmacological treatment | journal = Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences | volume = 49 | issue = 4 | pages = 255–261 | pmid = 23585462 }}</ref><ref name="Abrams2023">{{cite thesis | last = Abrams | first = Dylan H. | year = 2023 | title = Examining the Prevalence and Psychopathological Correlates of Paraphilic Interests in a Non-clinical Sample | type = Master’s thesis | institution= Graduate Center, City University of New York | url = https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/5462 | access-date= 2025-06-07 }}</ref><ref name="Briken2024">{{cite journal | last1 = Briken | first1 = P. | last2 = Bothe | first2 = B. | last3 = Carvalho | first3 = J. | last4 = Coleman | first4 = E. | last5 = Giraldi | first5 = A. | last6 = Kraus | first6 = S. W. | last7 = Lew-Starowicz | first7 = M. | last8 = Pfaus | first8 = J. G. | year = 2024 | title = Assessment and treatment of compulsive sexual behavior disorder: a sexual medicine perspective | journal = Sexual Medicine Reviews | volume = 12 | issue = 3 | pages = 355–370 | doi = 10.1093/sxmrev/qeae014 }}</ref> If one with a fart fetish wants to ameliorate their condition, they can get professional mental [[help]]. [[Cognitive behavioral therapy]] (CBT) has been the primary source to address maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors, such as eproctophilia.<ref name="Kaplan2012">{{cite journal | last1 = Kaplan | first1 = M. S. | last2 = Krueger | first2 = R. B. | title = Cognitive-behavioral treatment of the paraphilias | journal = Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences | year = 2012 | volume = 49 | issue = 4 | pages = 291–296 | pmid = 23585466 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Eproctophilia: treatment and causes |url=https://www.mentesabiertaspsicologia.com/blog-psicologia/eproctophilia-treatment-and-causes |website=Mentes Abiertas Psicología |date=20 March 2023 |access-date=12 April 2025}}</ref> Techniques include cognitive restructuring, behavioral rehearsal, and teaching eproctolagniacs to identify and cope with factors that make relapsing imminent. In a dedicated eproctolagniac, extinction may occur with the prolonged absence of flatulent stimuli. Treatment could also include redirecting [[Masturbation|masturbatory]] [[Sexual fantasy|fantasies]] to conventional ones or employing sensate focus therapy to reorient sexual arousal toward normophilic stimuli. In some cases, CBT can be used in combination with [[Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor|selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors]] (SSRIs).<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Coskun | first1 = Murat | last2 = Ozturk | first2 = Mucahit | title = Sexual Fetishism in Adolescence: Report of Two Cases | journal = Düşünen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences | volume = 26 | issue = 2 | pages = 199–205 | date = 2013-06-01 | doi = 10.5350/DAJPN2013260210 | url = https://dusunenadamdergisi.org/storage/upload/pdfs/1587029640-en.pdf | access-date = 2025-04-13 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Guay | first1 = David R. P. | title = Drug treatment of paraphilic and nonparaphilic sexual disorders | journal = Clinical Therapeutics | volume = 31 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–31 | date = 2009-01-01 | doi = 10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.01.009 | pmid = 19243704 | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19243704/ | access-date = 2025-04-13 }}</ref><ref name="SpringerCh255">{{cite book | last1 = Malandain | first1 = Leo | last2 = Chagraoui | first2 = Abdeslam | last3 = Thibaut | first3 = Florence | chapter = Psychopharmacotherapy of Sexual Disorders | editor1-last = Riederer | editor1-first= Peter | editor2-last = Laux | editor2-first= Gerd | editor3-last = Nagatsu | editor3-first= Toshiharu | editor4-last = Le | editor4-first= Weidong | editor5-last = Riederer | editor5-first= Christian | title = NeuroPsychopharmacotherapy | series = Reference work | publisher = Springer Cham | year = 2022 | pages = 4171–4206 | doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-62059-2_255 | isbn = 978-3-030-62059-2 | url = https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62059-2_255 | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> [[Naltrexone]] has been tried for compulsive sexual behaviour and paraphilic behaviour, based on the idea of dampering reward-seeking behaviour in behavioural [[addiction]] or treating concurrent addictions.<ref name="Raymond2010">{{cite journal | last1 = Raymond | first1 = Nancy C. | last2 = Grant | first2 = Jon E. | last3 = Coleman | first3 = Eli | title = Augmentation with naltrexone to treat compulsive sexual behavior: A case series | journal = Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology | date = February 2010 | volume = 22 | issue = 1 | pages = 56–62 | url = https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/fmc/acp/2010/00000022/00000001/art00008 | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref><ref name="Savard2020">{{cite journal | last1 = Savard | first1 = J. | last2 = Öberg | first2 = K. G. | last3 = Chatzittofis | first3 = A. | last4 = Dhejne | first4 = C. | last5 = Arver | first5 = S. | last6 = Jokinen | first6 = J. | title = Naltrexone in compulsive sexual behavior disorder: A feasibility study of twenty men | journal = The Journal of Sexual Medicine | date = August 2020 | volume = 17 | issue = 8 | pages = 1544–1552 | doi = <!-- Add DOI if available --> | url = https://academic.oup.com/jsm/article-abstract/17/8/1544/6973797 | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> Covert sensitization methods, such as aversion therapy, can be used to reduce compulsive behaviors by applying negative punishments.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Callahan | first1=E. J. | last2=Leitenberg | first2=H. | title=Aversion therapy for sexual deviation: Contingent shock and covert sensitization | journal=Journal of Abnormal Psychology | volume=81 | issue=1 | pages=60–73 | year=1973 | doi=10.1037/h0034025 | url=https://doi.org/10.1037/h0034025 }}</ref> Its use is associated with lower recidivism.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Culos | first1 = Camille | last2 = Di Grazia | first2 = Marco | last3 = Meneguzzo | first3 = Paola | title = Pharmacological Interventions in Paraphilic Disorders: Systematic Review and Insights | journal = Journal of Clinical Medicine | date = 7 March 2024 | volume = 13 | issue = 6 | pages = 1524 | doi = 10.3390/jcm13061524 | pmid = 38541750 | pmc = 10971111 }}</ref> Eproctolagniacs with childhood trauma may be treated with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy to mitigate their underlying trauma.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = de Jongh | first1 = Ad | last2 = de Roos | first2 = Carlijn | last3 = El-Leithy | first3 = S. | title = State of the science: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy | journal = Journal of Traumatic Stress | volume = 37 | issue = 2 | pages = 205–216 | date = April 2024 | doi = 10.1002/jts.23012 | pmid = 38282286 | publication-date = 2024-01-28 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Zolik | first = Mary‑Beth | title = How Sexual Obsessions & Fetishes Develop & How to Treat Them | website = EMDR Healing | publisher = EMDR Healing | date = June 15, 2019 | url = https://emdrhealing.com/how-sexual-obsessions-develop/ | access-date = June 24, 2025 }}</ref> Research suggests repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may help reduce sexual compulsivity in individuals with paraphilic disorders by targeting brain regions implicated in inhibitory control, particularly the cortical nodes in the cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical loop such as the dorsolateral [[Pre-frontal cortex|prefrontal cortex]] (DLPFC) and the supplementary motor area (SMA).<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Schecklmann | first1 = Martin | last2 = Sakreida | first2 = Katrin | last3 = Oblinger | first3 = Britta | last4 = Langguth | first4 = Berthold | last5 = Poeppl | first5 = Timm B. | title = Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Potential Tool to Reduce Sexual Arousal: A Proof of Concept Study | journal = The Journal of Sexual Medicine | volume = 17 | issue = 8 | pages = 1553–1559 | date = August 2020 | doi = 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.05.002 | url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1743609520306093 | issn = 1743-6095 }} </ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Tripathi | first1 = A. | last2 = Singh | first2 = A. | last3 = Singh | first3 = H. | last4 = Kar | first4 = S. K. | title = Successful use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in difficult to treat hypersexual disorder | journal = Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences | volume = 9 | issue = 3 | pages = 207–209 | date = July–September 2016 | doi = 10.4103/0974-1208.192074 | pmid = 27803590 | pmc = 5070404 }} </ref> This noninvasive intervention may help eproctolagniacs control their sexual impulses to fart-related stimuli by inhibiting the SMA and exciting the right DLPCF under IRB approval. As a last resort, chemical [[castration]] may be employed through the use of [[Gonadotropin-releasing hormone|luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone]] (LHRH) [[agonist|agonists]] or antiandrogens such as cyproterone acetate.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bradford |first=J. M. |title=The neurobiology, neuropharmacology, and pharmacological treatment of the paraphilias and compulsive sexual behaviour |journal=Can J Psychiatry |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=26–34 |year=2001 |doi=10.1177/070674370104600104 |pmid=11221487}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Garcia | first1 = Frederico D. | last2 = Thibaut | first2 = Florence | title = Current concepts in the pharmacotherapy of paraphilias | journal = Drugs | volume = 71 | issue = 6 | pages = 771–790 | date = 2011-04-16 | doi = 10.2165/11585490-000000000-00000 | pmid = 21504253 | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21504253/ | access-date = 2025-04-13 }}</ref> They should be considered only in cases where the eproctolagniac's behaviours pose a significant risk to themselves or others, and when less invasive treatments have been ineffective, as the use of chemical castrations methods can come with problematic side effects such as [[osteoporosis]] and [[Liver disease|liver dysfunction]]. All in all, the [[prognosis]] of eproctophilia is poor. Heterosexual cisgender men's sexuali orientations and paraphilic interests tend to be highly stable,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bailey |first1=J. Michael |last2=Pillard |first2=Richard C. |title=A genetic study of male sexual orientation |journal=Archives of General Psychiatry |year=1991 |volume=48 |issue=12 |pages=1089–1096 |doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810360031005 |pmid=1750785 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Savin-Williams |first1=RC |last2=Ream |first2=GL |title=Prevalence and Stability of Sexual Orientation Components During Adolescence and Young Adulthood |journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior |year=2007 |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=385–394 |doi=10.1007/s10508-006-9088-5 }}</ref> whereas women's sexuali orientations tend to be more fluid.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kinnish |first1=K.K. |last2=Strassberg |first2=D.S. |last3=Turner |first3=C.W. |title=Sex differences in the flexibility of sexual orientation: a multidimensional retrospective assessment |journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior |year=2005 |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=173–183 |doi=10.1007/s10508-005-1795-9 |pmid=15803251 |s2cid=8545091 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bailey |first1=J. Michael |last2=Vasey |first2=Paul |last3=Diamond |first3=Lisa |last4=Breedlove |first4=S. Marc |last5=Vilain |first5=Eric |last6=Epprecht |first6=Marc |title=Sexual Orientation, Controversy, and Science |journal=Psychological Science in the Public Interest |date=2016 |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=45–101 |doi=10.1177/1529100616637616 |pmid=27113562 }}</ref> Fart fetishism is generally considered unalterable and life-long,<ref name="SetoAhmed2014">{{cite journal|first1=Michael C.|last1=Seto|authorlink1=Michael C. Seto|first2=AG|last2=Ahmed|title=Treatment and management of child pornography use|journal=Psychiatric Clinics of North America|volume=37|issue=2|pages=207–214|year=2014|pmid=24877707|doi=10.1016/j.psc.2014.03.004}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title = Treatments to Change Sexual Orientation | journal = The American Journal of Psychiatry | volume = 157 | issue = 5 | pages = 838 | date = May 2000 | url = https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.838 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110612020545/https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.838 | archive-date = 12 June 2011 | access-date = 12 April 2025 }}</ref> but CBT can help reduce negative [[symptoms]] and prevent [[criminal]] [[behaviour]], while pharmacological treatments can lower libido and compulsivity. There are no significant studies specifically focused on fart fetishism. Still, it is considered one of the many forms of sexual interest that can be classified as a paraphilia, which refers to unusual sexual preferences. Fart fetishism typically becomes more noticeable in [[adulthood]], though the specific causes or origins of this interest are not very well understood. == Cultural and social context== [[File:Maerzforderungen.png|thumb|Illustration of “The demands of the people” during the revolutions of 1848/49. “Vox populi” is sarcastically likened to a fart|155x155px]] Flatulence (and, more broadly, fart fetishism) is often viewed negatively in virtually every [[culture]], contributing to the taboo surrounding eproctophilia. In many [[Society|societies]], flatulence is considered socially inappropriate or [[Embarrassment|embarrassing]], which may trigger psychological reactance and thus intensify the fetishistic allure for some individuals. On the contrary, the stigma may lead some individuals with this fetish to feel [[Social isolation|isolated]] or reluctant to discuss their [[Interest (emotion)|interests]] openly.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Combridge | first1 = Kirra | last2 = Lastella | first2 = Michele | title = Stigmatisation of People with Deviant Sexual Interest: A Comparative Study | journal = Sexes | volume = 4 | issue = 1 | pages = 7–25 | year = 2023 | doi = 10.3390/sexes4010002 | url = https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5118/4/1/2 | access-date = 2025-04-14 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Fisher |first1=KA |last2=Marwaha |first2=R |title=Paraphilia |website=StatPearls [Internet] |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |date=2023-03-06 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554425/ |access-date=2025-06-10 }}</ref> They may cope through farts, perpetuating a self-reinforcing cycle that exacerbates eproctophilia. When eproctolagniacs pose a risk to others, therapists may be legally compelled to report such behaviour to authorities under mandatory reporting laws. This may impede their access to treatment, a crucial safeguard against the commission of sexual offenses. Although it is not widely [[Conversation|discussed]], it [[Existence|exists]] as part of the diversity of [[human]] [[Sexual orientation|sexual preferences]]. Historically, eproctophilia was often conflated with coprophilia and scatology, but it has increasingly been recognized as a distinct paraphilic focus. Elizabeth Eva Leach has identified three of the 15th-century sottes chansons in Bodleian MS Douce 308, titled “Or suivez qui me disait,” “Fille, qu’avez-vous fait ?” and “Je ne suis mie folle,” as some early literary examples of eproctophilia.<ref name="Leach2023">Leach, Elizabeth Eva. ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Medieval_Sex_Lives/lunLEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA122 Medieval Sex Lives: The Sounds of Courtly Intimacy on the Francophone Borders]''. United States: Cornell University Press, 2023, p. 122.</ref> The 17th century works of the English writer Thomas d'Urfey depicted only women depicted as farting, reflecting the [[Misogyny|misogynistic]] belief that women were objects of casual sexual desire.<ref>{{cite web | last = Pittaway | first = Ian | title = "A brief history of farting in early music and literature" | website = Early Music Muse | date = 3 January 2025 | orig-date = 27 July 2016 | url = https://earlymusicmuse.com/a-brief-history-of-farting/ | access-date= 10 June 2025 }}</ref> His most famous musical hit was "The Fart", followed by "The Second Part of The Fart". During the [[Augustan literature|British Augustan]] age, there were several flatulence-related works of [[erotica]] circulated in underground [[pamphlets]]. For example, the names “Miss-Pop fart”, "Mrs. Tickle-Fart", “Madam Rousing Fart”, and "Tabitha Turnip-Fart" were coined to reflect some Augustan works of erotica.<ref name="Barchas2024">{{Cite book | last = Barchas | first = Janine | editor1-last = Pettit | editor1-first = Alexander | editor2-last = Spedding | editor2-first = Patrick | title = Eighteenth-Century British Erotica, Part II, Volume 1 | publisher = Taylor & Francis | location = London | year = 2024 | isbn = 9781040238424 | url = https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9781040238424_A49445550/preview-9781040238424_A49445550.pdf | access-date = 2025-04-14 }}</ref> Notable among these pamphlets is ''The Benefit of Farting Explain'd'',<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Puff-Indorst | first1 = Don Fartinando | last2 = Swift | first2 = Jonathan | last3 = Fizzle | first3 = Obadiah | title = ''The Benefit of Farting Explain’d : Or, the Fundament-All Cause of the Distempers Incident to the Fair-Sex, Enquired into. Proving à Posteriori Most of the Dis-Ordures In-Tail’d upon Them, Are Owing to Flatulencies Not Seasonably Vented. Wrote in Spanish by Don Fartinando Puff-Indorst Professor of Bumbast in the University of Crackow. And Translated into English at the Request, and for the Use, of the Lady Damp-Fart of Her-Fart-Shire. By Obadiah Fizzle, Groom of the Stool to the Princess of Arsimini in Sardinia.'' | place = Longford in Ireland [i.e. London] | publisher = Simon Bumbubbard | year = 1722 | url = http://find.galegroup.com/ecco/infomark.do?contentSet=ECCOArticles&amp;docType=ECCOArticles&amp;bookId=0092301100&amp;type=getFullCitation&amp;tabID=T001&amp;prodId=ECCO&amp;docLevel=TEXT_GRAPHICS&amp;version=1.0&amp;source=library | access-date = 10 June 2025 }}</ref> a pseudomedical pamphlet published in 1722 that argued for the therapeutic necessity of farting, particularly in women. That same year saw the publication of ''Arse Musica; or, The Lady’s Back Report to Don Fart-in-hand-o Puff-in dorst'', a flatulent parody of [[Italy|Italian]] opera that celebrated the aesthetic pleasures of bodily emissions coming from the anus. This was followed by ''The Beau's Miscellany'',<ref>{{cite book | title = ''The Beau's Miscellany: Being a New and Curious Collection of Amorous Tales, Diverting Song, and Entertaining Poems. Part II.'' | editor = Various Hands | place = London | publisher = A. Moore | date = 1731 <!-- imprint undated; ESTC suggests [1731?] --> | format = Duodecimo | series = ECCO – BOD | id = ESTC T80397; EEBO CW3312781141 | url = http://find.galegroup.com/ecco/infomark.do?&prodId=ECCO&docId=CW3312781141 | access-date = 10 June 2025 }}</ref> a collection of verse and prose where in flatulence serves as a titillating motif and de facto [[comedy|comedic relief]]. Collectively, these texts exemplify an [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightment]]-era libertine tradition in which farting was also seen as erotic by some. A depiction of eproctophilia appears in the Marquis de Sade unfinished novel ''The 120 Days of Sodom'', written in 1785 and published in 1904 after its manuscript was rediscovered. The book describes the activities of four wealthy libertine Frenchmen who spend four months seeking the ultimate sexual gratification through orgies, including eproctophilic activities. One episode describes a character who “knelt down before that decrepit bum and kissed it lovingly; farts were blown up his nose, he waxed ecstatic…,” illustrating vivid exploitation of flatulence as sexual stimulus.<ref name="SadeSupervert">{{cite web |last = Sade |first = Donatien Alphonse François, Marquis de |title = ''The 120 Days of Sodom'' |url = https://16beavergroup.org/pdf/120_days_of_sodom.pdf |publisher = Supervert 32C Inc. |date = 2002 |format = PDF |page = 125 |access-date= 2025-06-05}}</ref> The [[18th century|eighteenth-century]] discourses of flatulence and female outlawry demonstrate sexual experimentation and the possible existence of eproctophilia throughout [[history]]. [[File:Fart contest, Hegassen scroll detail.jpg|thumb|An example of flatulence humor in [[Japan]] is found in ''He‑gassen'' (circa 1864), which depicts rival groups farting at each other in a comic battle.|155x155px]] In [[Mark Twain]]'s risqué squib "1601", published anonymous in 1880, flatulence was depicted in a sexually suggestive manner.<ref>{{cite book | last = Twain | first = Mark | title = 1601 | edition = Collected in ''Mark Twain’s Library of Humor'' | publisher = Harper & Brothers | year = 1882 | pages = 45–58 | isbn = 9780060973810 }}</ref><ref name="Beck2003">{{cite book | last = Beck | first = Lewis | title = ''Mark Twain and Metaphor'' | publisher = University of Missouri Press | year = 2003 | pages = 43–47 | isbn = 9780826217622 }}</ref> [[James Joyce]], the renowned [[Irish people|Irish]] [[author]], exhibited eproctophilic tendencies, as evidenced by his intimate correspondence with Nora Barnacle. James Joyce's erotographomaniac [[letter|letters]] to Nora Barnacle from 1909 revealed his fascination with her farts, as he expressed a [[desire]] to hear her "tiny little naughty farties" and described them as "fat dirty farts".<ref>{{cite book | editor-last = Gilbert | editor-first = Stuart | author-last = Joyce | author-first = James | title = Letters of James Joyce | publisher = Viking Press; Faber & Faber | location = New York; London | date = 1957–1966 | oclc = 2397715 | url = https://www.worldcat.org/title/letters-of-james-joyce/oclc/2397715 | access-date = 7 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = James Joyce’s Love Letters to Nora Barnacle, His ‘Dirty Little Fuckbird.’ | date = 2021-07-28 | website = The Paris Review | url = https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2018/02/02/james-joyces-love-letters-dirty-little-fuckbird/ | access-date = 2025-04-12 }}</ref> He noted that Nora's farts with each thrust heightened his erotic arousal and claimed he could pick hers out in a room full of farting women. He further exemplified eproctophilia in the "Bella / Bello” vignette of the “Circe” episode, where Bella demanded bystanders to hold Bloom down and farted directly onto his face.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Thomas | first = Frankie | title = Unspeakable "Circe": Sexual Perversion and the Lacanian Detour in Ulysses | journal = James Joyce Quarterly | volume = 54 | issue = 3–4 | pages = 303–313 | year = 2017 | publisher = The University of Tulsa | issn = 1938-6036 | url = https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/80/article/707927 | access-date = 2025-06-27 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Mason | first = Clara | title = Concepts of Memory: Molly Bloom and St Augustine | website = Bloomsday Sydney Foundation | date = 2013 | url = https://www.bloomsdaysydney.com/Foundation/foundation/concepts_of_memory.html | access-date = 2025-06-27 | quote = Bello: 'Well, I’m not. Wait. (He holds in his breath) Curse it. Here. This bung’s about burst. (He uncorks himself behind: then, contorting his features, farts loudly) Take that! (He recorks himself) Yes, by jingo, sixteen three quarters. Bloom: (A sweat breaking out over him) Not man. (He sniffs) Woman.' }}</ref> Although presented in a literary context, similar behaviors have been described in clinical literature. One of the earliest clinical cases of flatulence fetishism appears in a 1994 psychoanalytic report of a fetishistic cross-dresser presenting with a recalcitrant symptom of anal flatulence related to a transference perversion.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Baker | first1 = R. | title = Psychoanalysis as a lifeline: a clinical study of a transference perversion | journal = International Journal of Psychoanalysis | date = August 1994 | volume = 75 | issue = Pt 4 | pages = 743–753 | pmid = 7989146 }}</ref> In this case, the act of flatulence functioned as a central component for the patient's sexual gratification, consistent with eproctophilic interests. In Brazil, the production [[company]] MFX Media makes fetish videos that include fart-fetish content. The company gained international attention after it released a [[coprophilia|coprophilic]] video titled "[[2 Girls 1 Cup]]". The video showed extreme fetish acts and was made by MFX Media's director, Marco Antônio Fiorito. Fiorito described himself as a "compulsive fetishist" and began making fetish [[films]] in the [[1990s]]. In 2008, a Brazilian eproctophilic short film titled "Cake Farts" gained virality online.<ref>{{cite web |last=Dictionary.com Staff |title=cake farts |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/pop-culture/cake-farts/ |website=Pop Culture dictionary |publisher=Dictionary.com |date=May 16, 2018 |access-date=June 22, 2025}}</ref> In episode 1206 of South Park, titled "Over Logging", the character Randy Marsh searches up "Brazilian fart porn", ejaculating to it.<ref>Piero, M. (2021). "[https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91944-3_5 The Chronotope of the Fart as Pharmakon in *South Park: The Fractured But Whole*]." In *Video Game Chronotopes and Social Justice*. Palgrave Games in Context. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.</ref> A Japanese company named Fart FeTish Club (ファートフェチ) produced and distributed fart fetish films in the early 2000s.<ref>[https://www.google.com/books?id=xCSjuwDKchkC&pg=PA26 "The Farting Femmes of NonVirtuous Reality"]Dawson, Jim. ''Blame It on the Dog: A Modern History of the Fart''. (Illustrated edition). Clarkson Potter/Ten Speed, 2006. p. 26. ISBN 1580087515, 9781580087513.</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Griffith |first=Jackson |date=2004-01-08 |title=Fetish of Woman’s Fart |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203025955/https://www.newsreview.com/sacramento/content/fetish-of-womans-fart/26890/|website=News & Review |publisher=Sacramento News & Review |access-date=2025-06-29 }}</ref> In modern day, a notable incident is when the former reality television star from the [[United States]], Stephanie Matto, was [[hospital|hospitalized]] in 2022 after modifying her [[diet]] to accommodate her [[business]] of [[jar|jars]] containing her farts. This practice eventually led her to [[dyspnea|difficulty breathing]] caused by excessive gas accumulation,<ref>{{cite web | last = Lee | first = Bruce Y. | title = 90 Day Fiancé Star Sells Her Farts in Jars Then Suffers Health Scare | website = Forbes | publisher = Forbes Magazine | date = 8 January 2022 | url = https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2022/01/08/90-day-fianc-star-sells-farts-in-jars-then-suffers-health-scare/ | access-date = 12 April 2025 }}</ref> prompting other creators to supersede her.<ref>{{cite web | last = Alford | first = Aaron | title = Amouranth is now selling jars of her farts and hot tub water for ridiculous prices | website = Inven Global | date = 28 February 2022 | url = https://www.invenglobal.com/articles/16596/amouranth-starts-business-selling-her-own-scent-jars-and-hot-tub-water | access-date = 26 June 2025 }}</ref> In March 2025, [[DC Comics]] released the one-short ''Harley Quinn Fartacular: Silent Butt Deadly'', which centers its plot entirely on flatulence and included a built-in [[scratch-and-sniff]] feature. Some reviewers argued that the comic functioned more as a fart-fetish comic than a traditional [[superhero]] story, with its prolonged focus on flatulence and visceral imagery as evidence of fetishistic intent rather than typical hero action.<ref>{{cite web | last=Luken | first=Jackson | date=26 March 2025 | title=Harley Quinn Fartacular: Silent Butt Deadly #1 review | website=Batman News | url=https://batman-news.com/2025/03/26/harley-quinn-fartacular-silent-butt-deadly-1-review/ | access-date=10 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Goldfield | first=Ray | date=26 March 2025 | title=Review – Harley Quinn Fartacular: Silent Butt Deadly #1 – Yep, That’s the Title | website=GeekDad | url=https://geekdad.com/2025/03/review-harley-quinn-fartacular-silent-butt-deadly-1-yep-thats-the-title/ | access-date=10 June 2025 }}</ref> Research has shown that trace amounts of [[hydrogen sulfide]] may prevent [[mitochondrial]] damage in [[cells]].<ref>{{cite journal | last = Murphy | first = Brian | last2 = Bhattacharya | first2 = Rajat | last3 = Mukherjee | first3 = Priyabrata | year = 2019 | title = Hydrogen sulfide signaling in mitochondria and disease | journal = The FASEB Journal | volume = 33 | issue = 12 | pages = 13098–13125 | doi = 10.1096/fj.201901304R | pmid = 31648556 | pmc = PMC6894098 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Paul | first1 = Biswanath D. | last2 = Snyder | first2 = Solomon H. | last3 = Kashfi | first3 = Kamal | title = Effects of hydrogen sulfide on mitochondrial function and cellular bioenergetics | journal = Redox Biology | date = January 2021 | volume = 38 | pages = 101772 | doi = 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101772 | pmid = 33137711 | pmc = 7606857 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last = Fu | first = Ming | last2 = Zhang | first2 = Weihua | last3 = Wu | first3 = Lingyun | last4 = Yang | first4 = Guangdong | last5 = Li | first5 = Hongzhu | last6 = Wang | first6 = Rui | year = 2012 | title = Hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) metabolism in mitochondria and its regulatory role in energy production | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 109 | issue = 8 | pages = 2943–2948 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1115634109 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Sniffing your partner’s farts could help ward off disease | url = https://nypost.com/2017/10/27/sniffing-your-partners-farts-could-help-ward-off-disease/ | website = New York Post | date = October 27, 2017 }}</ref> This has led to the misleading belief that smelling farts could have health benefits. Another common misconception is that farting on someone's face can cause [[Conjunctivitis|pink eye]].<ref>{{cite web | last1 = Dryer | first1 = Courtney | last2 = Boparai | first2 = Jovi | title = Can You Get Pink Eye from a Fart? | website = CorneaCare | date = 2 May 2024 | url = https://mycorneacare.com/eye-health-and-wellness/can-you-get-pink-eye-from-a-fart/ | access-date = 2 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | author = Family Focus Eyecare | title = Can you get Pink Eye from a Fart? What Actually Causes Conjunctivitis? | website = Family Focus Eyecare | date = 24 September 2024 | url = https://www.famfocuseye.com/2024/09/24/can-you-get-pink-eye-from-a-fart-what-actually-causes-conjunctivitis/ | access-date = 20 June 2025 }}</ref> However, farting onto a face through clothing is unlikely to transmit bacteria.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Hot air? | journal = BMJ | date = 22 December 2001 | volume = 323 | issue = 7327 | page = 1449 | pmc = 1121900 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1121900/ | access-date = 20 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | author = James Felton | title = The Australian Scientist Who Tested Whether Farts Spread Disease | website = IFLScience | date = 26 April 2021 | url = https://www.iflscience.com/the-australian-scientist-who-tested-whether-farts-spread-disease-58972 | access-date = 20 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>Lee, Bruce Y. (May 31, 2025). "[https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2025/05/31/tiktoker-claims-fart-near-her-face-caused-7-years-of-sinus-infections/ TikToker Claims Fart Near Her Face Caused 7 Years Of Sinus Infections]". ''Forbes''. Retrieved June 26, 2025.</ref> Because the person farting is generally habituated to the scent of their own flatulence and typically do not experience it as offensive,<ref>{{cite journal | last1=McBurney | first1=D. H. | last2=Levine | first2=J. M. | last3=Cavanaugh | first3=P. H. | year=1976 | title=Psychophysical and social ratings of human body odor | journal=Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin | volume=3 | issue=1 | pages=135–138 | doi=10.1177/014616727600300126 }}</ref><ref>Komarla, J. (14 December 2023). "[https://www.zmescience.com/feature-post/health/food-and-nutrition/why-do-some-people-like-the-smell-of-their-own-farts/ Why do some people like the smell of their own farts?]". ''ZME Science''. Retrieved 2 July 2025.</ref> fart play may be considered olfactorily tolerable for the performer and [[Ethics|ethically]] permissible when mutual consent is established. As with all sexual preferences, the key to a healthy experience is mutual [[consent]], [[respect]], and [[communication]] between individuals involved. Non-consensual exposure or involving non-consenting individuals is highly unethical and generally [[Law|illegal]].<ref>{{cite web |date=2010-04-07 |title=Victim Says Flatulence Fetish Led to Sexual Assault |website=News 9 |publisher=News 9 |url=https://www.news9.com/story/5e35015ee0c96e774b36aefa/victim-says-flatulence-fetish-led-to-sexual-assault |access-date=2025-04-20 }}</ref> == Related pages == *[[Flatulence]] *[[Coprophilia]] *[[Paraphilia]] *[[Sexual fetishism]] *[[Foot odor]] *[[Human sexuality]] *[[BDSM]] *[[Urolagnia]] *[[Social stigma]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{notelist}} ==Further reading== *{{cite book |last=Love |first=Brenda |title=Encyclopedia of Unusual Sex Practices |publisher=Barricade Books |year=1992 |isbn=9781569800119}} ==Other websites== *[[wikt:eproctophilia|Eproctophilia]] *[https://eproctophilia.org/ Eproctophilia.org] *[https://fartfetish.podbean.com/ Fart Fetish Podcast] {{medical resources | ICD10 = [https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/F65.8 F65.8 – Other paraphilias] | MeshID = D005329 }} {{Mental disorders}} {{sex-stub}} [[Category:Human sexuality]] [[Category:BDSM]] [[Category:Paraphilias]] [[Category:Sexual fetishism]] [[Category:Flatulence]] jxlpwkeioob76huz92d3q74vxj1mcn3 10368986 10368871 2025-07-03T05:23:47Z GeorgeDroyd 1626532 10368986 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Refimprove|date=March 2025}} [[File:Facesitting9.jpg|thumb|[[Facesitting]], specifically face-farting, is a common practice used by those with eproctophilia in which the [[BDSM|dominant]] [[Sexual partner|partner]] sits on the submissive [[victim]] and expels gas directly onto their [[ear]], [[mouth]], [[nose]], or [[tongue]].<ref>{{cite web | last = Griffiths | first = Mark | year = 2012 | title = Farting company: The strange world of eproctophilia | url = https://drmarkgriffiths.wordpress.com/2012/05/11/farting-company-the-strange-world-of-eproctophilia/ | website = drmarkgriffiths.wordpress.com | access-date = 12 April 2025 }}</ref>|155x155px]] A '''fart fetish''', also known as '''eproctophilia,''' is a [[paraphilia]] in which a person becomes intensely [[Arousal|sexually aroused]] by the [[sound]], [[Odor|smell]], or act of [[farting]]. People with this fetish may also become aroused by the [[idea]] of another person farting or farting themselves, the sensation of a fart caressing their [[skin]], or any combination of these. They often incorporate farts into their [[sexual|sexual experiences]], examples being when a [[dominatrix]] farts on a [[Male submission|submissive man]]'s [[Human penis|penis]] or when a dominant man farts on a [[Female submission|submissive woman]]'s [[vagina]]. ==Etymology== The [[neologism]] ''eproctophilia'' is formed from three parts: * [[Latin]] [[prefix]] ''e-'' – a formative element (here serving to link the root and [[suffix]]) * [[Ancient Greece|Ancient]] [[Greek language|Greek]] [[noun]] ''πρωκτός'' (prōktós) – “[[anus]]” * Greek suffix ''-φιλία'' (-philia) – “[[love]]” or “affection” Etymologically, ''eproctophilia'' means “love of the anus”. However, in its actual usage it denotes a paraphilic interest in flatulence rather than an attraction to the anatomical anus per se. The term was coined by the sexologist Brenda J. Love in her 1992 ''Encyclopedia of Unusual Sex Practices.'' ==Characteristics== For an eproctolagniac (a person who suffers from fart fetishism), some points of attraction include the smell, sound, and [[time|duration]] of the fart.<ref>{{cite web | title=Theoretical Psychology with a Focus on Sexology: Attractiveness Research in Eproctophilia | url=https://www.booksie.com/657260-theoretical-psychology-with-a-focus-on-sexology-lecture-attractiveness-research-in-eproctophilia | access-date=2 June 2025 }}</ref> For example, one eproctolagniac reported a preference for protracted, acrid, sulfurous, deep-bubbling farts that emanated through fabric.<ref name="Griffiths2013">{{cite journal | last = Griffiths | first = Mark | title = Eproctophilia in a young adult male: A case study | journal = Archives of Sexual Behavior | year = 2013 | volume = 42 | issue = 4 | pages = 847–849 | doi = 10.1007/s10508-013-0105-9 | pmid = 23408258 }}</ref> Most eproctolagniacs are more aroused by the person farting, rather than by the farts themselves.<ref>{{cite web | last = Griffiths | first = Mark D. | title = Kick-Gas 2: Another look at eproctophilia | url = https://drmarkgriffiths.wordpress.com/2013/08/02/kick-gas-2-another-look-at-eproctophilia/ | website = Dr Mark Griffiths' blog | date = 2 August 2013 | access-date = 1 June 2025 }}</ref> This may include an attraction to the visual appeal of the buttocks, the anus, or both, given that flatulence is expelled from that region of the body. Every individual has a unique gut microbiota profile and may have a unique fart signature.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Browne | first1 = H. P. | last2 = Forster | first2 = S. C. | last3 = Anonye | first3 = B. O. | last4 = Kumar | first4 = N. | last5 = Neville | first5 = B. A. | last6 = Stares | first6 = M. D. | last7 = Goulding | first7 = D. | last8 = Holt | first8 = L. | last9 = Lawley | first9 = T. D. | title = Culturing of ‘unculturable’ human microbiota reveals novel taxa and extensive sporulation | journal = Nature | volume = 533 | pages = 543–546 | year = 2016 | doi = 10.1038/nature17645 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Snyder |first=Michael |title=Our bacteria are more personal than we thought, Stanford Medicine-led study shows |website=Stanford Medicine News Center |date=March 12, 2024 |url=https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2024/03/personal-microbiome.html |access-date=June 17, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Martinez-Lozano Sinues |first1=Pablo |last2=Kohler |first2=Malcolm |last3=Zenobi |first3=Renato |date=2013-04-03 |title=Human breath analysis may support the existence of individual metabolic phenotypes |journal=PLoS One |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=e59909 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0059909 |pmid=23573221 |pmc=PMC3616042 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23573221/ |access-date=2025-06-17 }}</ref> This implies that eproctolagniacs may experience uniquely tailored arousal responses tied to each individual's unique fart scent. Fart fetishism may also serve as a means of [[masochism|sadomasochism]] and [[humiliation]].<ref>{{cite book | last = DiClaudio | first = Dennis | title = The Deviant’s Pocket Guide to the Outlandish Sexual Desires Barely Contained in Your Subconscious | publisher = becker&mayer! Books | year = 2019 | location = United States | page = 46 | url = https://www.google.com/books?id=PlnBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA46 | access-date=29 June 2025 | quote = Eproctophilia… may be a form of sadomasochism. It is generally believed that it derives from a desire to debase or to be debased on some level. Certainly there is an element of humiliation involved. }}</ref> It is a common form of olfactophilia (odor fetishism).<ref name="Griffiths2013"></ref> The fetish can vary greatly. Some eproctolagniacs may be attracted to the art of farting in private or [[public]] settings. In contrast, others may [[Happiness|enjoy]] the [[Social interaction|interaction]] between other [[Partnership|partners]] who fart or [[talk]] about farts in a sexual context. [[Anilingus]] may be carried out with an act of farting straight into the mouth of the receiving partner. Eproctolagniacs may enjoy the "Dutch oven", where a fart is released under a shared blanket to trap the smell<ref>"If you happen to be in bed sleeping with someone, what you do is drop the nastiest, juiciest broccoli fart under the covers. Then while your partner is still sleeping, lift the covers over her head and then wait until the fart dissipates." Maddox. ''[[iarchive:alphabetofmanlin00madd|The Alphabet of Manliness]].'' Citadel Press, 2006 {{ISBN|0-8065-2720-X}}, 978-0-8065-2720-8, 204 pages p.66</ref> and increase olfactophilic arousal.<ref>{{cite book | last = Vigorito | first = Tony | title = Nine Kinds of Naked | publisher = Houghton Miflin Harcourt | year = 2015 | location = United States | page = 267 | url = https://www.google.com/books?id=7ct1BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA267 | access-date=29 June 2025 | quote = Eproctophilia, flatulent affection. It happens, apparently. I didn't invent it, fer chrissakes, and I don't think the Dutch invented it either, but what the hell do I know? But listen, swapping repugnancies is not my point. My quodlibet is this: The Dutch oven is society, holding a security blanket over our heads and suffocating us with the foul winds of false confidence. And society, of course, society is none other than we the people. So essentially, we fart in our own face. }}</ref> Farting can be considered a form of positive alliesthesia, in which pleasure comes from relieving [[gastrointestinal]] discomfort. The human anus has a relatively high density of sensory innervation<ref>{{cite web | author1 = Ahmed, A. | author2 = Arbor, T. C. | author3 = Qureshi, W. A. | title = Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis: Anal Canal | website = StatPearls [Internet] | publisher = StatPearls Publishing | location = Treasure Island (FL) | date = 2023-05-22 | access-date = 2025-06-26 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554531/ }}</ref> and may be considered an erogenous zone by eproctolagniacs from flatulating. They may sometimes deliberately consume prebiotics (such as inulin powder), sugar free candies (with maltitol or sorbitol), and a high-FODMAP diet, or practice aerophagia to produce more intestinal gas. Eproctolagniacs often prefer natural farts that come from digestion over farts created by pumping air into the body or over [[Vaginal flatulence|queefs]].<ref name="Samantha">{{cite web | last = Cole | first = Samantha | date = 2024-08-09 | title = Taking a Long, Deep Sniff of Fart Porn | website = VICE | url = https://www.vice.com/en/article/taking-a-long-deep-sniff-of-fart-porn/ | access-date = 2025-04-12 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Barrett-Ibarria |first1=Sofia |date=2018-04-03 |title=The Women Who Fart — And the Men Who Watch |website=MEL Magazine |publisher=Medium |url=https://medium.com/mel-magazine/the-women-who-fart-and-the-men-who-watch-5247a9fffcd |access-date=2025-06-22 }}</ref> However, some may be permissive because they prefer hearing farts (or approximations) over smelling them. Some may like seeing a visual aspect of flatulence, such as observing flatulence underwater<ref name="Queen">{{cite web | last = Stone | first = Lillian | date = October 22, 2020 | title = The Gassy Queens of OnlyFans | website = MEL Magazine | url = https://melmagazine.com/en-us/story/fart-fetish-girls-farting-onlyfans-reddit | access-date = June 25, 2025 }}</ref> or witnessing the dispersal of baby powder during emission. A few may derive intense [[pleasure]] from using public [[restrooms]] due to the [[Sensory system|sensual]] [[Stimulus (psychology)|stimuli]]. This behaviour, a subset of erotic relieving observance, may be considered [[voyeurism]], and can result in legal consequences.<ref>{{cite web | title = Commonwealth v. Yannuzzi | url = https://law.justia.com/cases/pennsylvania/superior-court/2021/167-eda-2021.html | website = Justia Law | publisher = Pennsylvania Superior Court | date = 10 December 2021 | access-date = 30 June 2025 }}</ref> ==Prevalence== Eproctophilia is considered very rare, and [[Empiricism|empirical]] [[data]] on its prevalence is limited. It may be more common in [[men]] than in [[women]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dawson |first=Sarah J. |last2=Bannerman |first2=Bradley A. |last3=Lalumière |first3=Martin L. |title=Paraphilic Interests: An Examination of Sex Differences in a Nonclinical Sample |journal=Sexual Abuse |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=20–45 |date=February 2016 |doi=10.1177/1079063214525645 |pmid=24633420 |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063214525645}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/paraphilias-overview | title = Paraphilias | agency = WebMD LLC | publisher = WebMD LLC | date = 10 November 2024 | access-date = 13 April 2025 }}</ref> In a representative survey of 1,040 adults in [[Quebec]], 15.9 percent of respondents indicated an interest in fetishistic behaviors.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Joyal |first1=Christian C. |last2=Carpentier |first2=Julie |title=The Prevalence of Paraphilic Interests and Behaviors in the General Population: A Provincial Survey |journal=The Journal of Sex Research |year=2017 |volume=54 |issue=2 |pages=161–171 |doi=10.1080/00224499.2016.1139034 |pmid=26941021 }}</ref> According to an informal survey of 1,000 adults, approximately 11 percent of male respondents reported being attracted to their partner's flatulence, compared to 3 percent of female respondents who expressed similar attraction.<ref>{{cite web | last = Taylor | first = Jordyn | title = Here’s How Many People Get Turned on By Their Partners’ Farts | url = https://www.menshealth.com/sex-women/a23451412/farting-pooping-in-a-relationship/ | website = Men’s Health | publisher = Hearst Magazines, Inc. | date = September 25, 2018 | access-date = June 22, 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://thebeatva.iheart.com/content/2018-09-27-is-your-partner-turned-on-by-your-farts/ |title=Is Your Partner Turned On By Your Farts |author=Jrod |date=27 September 2018 |website=92.1 The Beat |publisher=iHeartMedia |access-date=22 June 2025 }}</ref> These surveys could suggest fart fetishism is more common; however, there are no direct prevalence estimates for eproctophilia alone. ===Online popularity=== Analyses of user activity on major adult-content platforms indicate that eproctophilia has risen among fetish categories. In August 2006, AOL released a database of its subscribers' search queries. Among the phrases containing the word "fetish", the term "fart" ranked as the 52nd most common search.<ref>''AOL's Accidental Release of Search Data – The Sexmind of America.''[https://web.archive.org/web/20070221135508/http://www.aphrodisiology.com:80/aol-fetishes aphrodisiology.com], accessed June 2007</ref> The 2016 [[Pornhub]] Year in Review revealed that searches in [[Brazil]] and the [[Netherlands]] for "fart" content surged by 108 percent and 126 percent respectively compared to the previous year.<ref name="PornhubInsights2016">{{cite web | title = Pornhub’s 2016 Year in Review | website = Pornhub Insights | publisher = Pornhub | date = 2017 | url = https://www.pornhub.com/insights/2016-year-in-review | access-date = June 25, 2025 }}</ref><ref name="EproctophiliaOrg">{{cite web | title = Eproctophilia.org: Is there any other data or statistics on eproctophilia? | website = Eproctophilia.org | publisher = Eproctophilia.org | url = https://eproctophilia.org/index.html | access-date = June 25, 2025 }}</ref> Pornhub has a dedicated genre for flatulence videos and has more than 15,000 videos as of 2021.<ref>{{cite web | last = Pradeep | first = Malavika | title = Introducing the ‘gastronomical’ world of fart fetishes and why some people are into it | website = SCREENSHOT Media | publisher = SCREENSHOT Media Group | date = 2021-05-21 | url = https://screenshot-media.com/culture/internet-culture/fart-fetish/ | access-date = 2025-06-26 }}</ref><ref name="Queen"></ref> On clips4sale, an established fetish porn site, flatulence fetishism was the second most prevalent category on a global scale in 2024.<ref name="Joel2024">{{cite web | last = de Blonk | first = Joel | title = Farting Fetish Ranks Second Most Popular Worldwide | website = Y94 | date = 11 June 2024 | url = https://y94.com/2024/06/11/farting-fetish-ranks-second-most-popular-worldwide/ | access-date = 5 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | author = Nicole | title = ‘Farts’ Quickly Rising to the Top of Global Market | website = Clips4Sale Blog | date = 5 June 2024 | url = https://blog.clips4sale.com/b/farts-quickly-rising-to-the-top-of-global-market/ | access-date = 27 June 2025 }}</ref><ref name="DailyStar2024">{{cite web | title = Kinky Brits love 'sweet smell of success' as farting becomes UK's top fetish | website = Daily Star | date = June 7, 2024 | url = https://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/weird-news/kinky-brits-love-sweet-smell-32979570 | access-date = June 26, 2025 }}</ref><ref name="Munger2024">{{cite web | last = Munger | first = Brian | title = Fart Fetishes Lingering Toward Mainstream Popularity? | website = Medium | publisher = The Pub | date = June 9, 2024 | url = https://medium.com/the-pub/fart-fetishes-lingering-toward-mainstream-popularity-72fb60c0cc51 | access-date = June 25, 2025 }}</ref> Nonetheless, the online popularity of fart porn does not reflect the actual prevalence of eproctophilia. Some people may watch it out of mere [[curiosity]], but that doesn't mean they have a fart fetish.<ref name="CosmoFetish2024">Engle, Gigi (12 July 2024). [https://web.archive.org/web/20240715074042/https://www.cosmopolitan.com/sex-love/a61583448/fart-fetish/"Wait, What’s a Fart Fetish? Flatulence is in, my friends."] ''Cosmopolitan''. Hearst. Retrieved 25 June 2025.</ref> ==Causes== Some experts believe this behaviour may be [[Causality|caused]] by [[Psychological trauma|traumatic]] [[childhood]] experiences alongside behavioural conditioning.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Longpré | first = Nicholas | last2 = Burdis Galiano | first2 = Courtney | last3 = Guay | first3 = Jean-Pierre | year = 2022 | title = The impact of childhood trauma, personality, and sexuality on the development of paraphilias | journal = Journal of Criminal Justice | volume = 82 | doi = 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2022.101981 | issn = 0047-2352 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Eproctophilia: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment | date = 2019-06-02 | website = Drugstore Online – RXShop.Md | url = https://www.rxshop.md/articles/2019/eproctophilia-symptoms-causes-and-treatment/ | access-date = 2025-03-23 }}</ref> For example, if the sound or smell of farts is consistently paired with sexual arousal at a presumably young age, then it can form a [[neuron|neural]] pathway where farting can become a trigger for sexual excitement on its own through [[classical conditioning]], especially when such experiences coincide with psychosocial stressors during formative years. Some [[Psychology|psychological]] fixations, possibly related to the contested [[anal stage|anal stage of psychosexual development]] (ages 1-3) as proposed by [[Sigmund Freud]], may contribute to the emergence of eproctophilia. Freud categorized fart humour as a means of expressing repressed anal-erotic desires, viewing it as predominantly sexual and aggressive in its intention.<ref>{{cite book | last = Freud | first = Sigmund | translator = Brill, A. A. | title = ''Wit and Its Relation to the Unconscious'' | year = 1905 | publisher = Moffat, Yard and Co. | location = New York | url = https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/75915 | access-date = June 22, 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Blank | first1 = Trevor J. | title = Cheeky Behavior: The Meaning and Function of ‘Fartlore’ in Childhood and Adolescence | journal = Children’s Folklore Review | volume = 32 | year = 2010 | pages = 11 | url = https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/cfr/article/view/25085/30962 | access-date = June 22, 2025 }}</ref> Some people argue that flatulence violates the norms of decorum and modesty, which can paradoxically repel and attract one.<ref>van Dongen, E. (2001). "[https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860120064952 It isn't something to yodel about, but it exists! Faeces, nurses, social relations and status within a mental hospital]." Aging & Mental Health. 5 (3): 205–215. doi:10.1080/13607860120064952. PMID 11575059.</ref><ref>Lunceford, Brett (1 October 2013). "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261707609_The_Real_Consequences_of_Imaginary_Sex_Acts The Real Consequences of Imaginary Sex Acts]." Etc.; a review of general semantics. 70: 405–433. Retrieved 24 June 2025.</ref><ref>Paasonen, Susanna (2011). "[https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262016315.001.0001 Carnal Resonance: Affect and Online Pornography]." Cambridge, MA: MIT Press (online edn, MIT Press Scholarship Online, 22 Aug. 2013). Accessed 24 June 2025.</ref> Flatulence is occasionally incorporated into sex scenes in films and media as a form of comedic relief,<ref name="Rosewarne2013">{{cite book | last = Rosewarne | first = Lauren | title = ''American Taboo: The Forbidden Words, Unspoken Rules, and Secret Morality of Popular Culture'' | date = 13 August 2013 | publisher = ABC‑CLIO | location = Santa Barbara, California | pages = 48–49 | isbn = 9780313399336 | lccn = 2013011452 | url = https://www.google.com/books/edition/American_Taboo/qg7IEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA1958 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Halperin | first = Moze | date = January 27, 2016 | title = The Rich and Evolving History of Onscreen Farts | url = https://www.flavorwire.com/557903/the-rich-and-evolving-history-of-onscreen-farts | website = Flavorwire | publisher = BDG | access-date = June 23, 2025 }}</ref> which may contribute to maladaptive learned associations at an early age. More generally, some anecdotes from eproctolagniacs attribute their eproctophilic [[Imprinting (ethology)|imprint]] to the prevalence of flatulence humour and softcore flatulence-based depictions in media (e.g., gross-out humour in cartoons or comics<ref>{{cite news | last = Sparks | first = Hannah | date = 2024-11-10 | title = I’m a sexual perversion expert - these are the weirdest fetishes I’ve ever studied | newspaper = New York Post | url = https://nypost.com/2024/11/10/lifestyle/sexual-perversion-expert-reveals-the-weirdest-fetishes-studied/ | access-date = 2025-04-12 }}</ref>).<ref name="Samantha"></ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Morrison | first = Quinn | title = We Could Be The New Wind! | url = https://www.vice.com/en/article/farts-v14n9/ | website = VICE | date = September 1, 2007 | access-date = June 22, 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Viney | first = Joseph | title = Having a Gas With Eproctophiliacs | website = SexTech | date = 4 April 2015 | url = https://sextech.com/uncategorized/having-a-gas-with-eproctophiliacs/ | access-date = 26 June 2025 }}</ref> Excess exposure to titillating flatulence-based humour [[videos]] or flatulence-specific [[pornography]] prior to the acquisition of appropriate sexual and arousal education may inadvertently contribute to the development of eproctophilia and possibly make flatulence the main aphrodisiac for some eproctolagniacs.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Gassó | first1 = A. M. | last2 = Bruch-Granados | first2 = A. | title = Psychological and Forensic Challenges Regarding Youth Consumption of Pornography: A Narrative Review | journal = Adolescents | volume = 1 | issue = 2 | pages = 108–122 | year = 2021 | doi = 10.3390/adolescents1020009 | url = https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7051/1/2/9 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Attila | first1 = F. L. | last2 = Owusu | first2 = F. | last3 = Agyei-Sarpong | first3 = K. | last4 = Donkoh | first4 = H. | title = Adolescence and Sex Education: Socio-Cultural and Psycho-Theoretical Perspectives | journal = Mediterranean Journal of Social & Behavioral Research | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | pages = 43–49 | year = 2023 | doi = 10.30935/mjosbr/12801 | url = https://www.mjosbr.com/download/adolescence-and-sex-education-socio-cultural-and-psycho-theoretical-perspectives-12801.pdf }}</ref> If farts are among the first sexual experiences, the concomitant upregulation of ΔFosB expression and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)‑mediated synaptic plasticity may consolidate fundamental eproctophilic neural pathways.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Quintana | first1 = GR | last2 = Mac Cionnaith | first2 = CE | last3 = Pfaus | first3 = JG | title = Behavioral, Neural, and Molecular Mechanisms of Conditioned Mate Preference: The Role of Opioids and First Experiences of Sexual Reward | journal = Int. J. Mol. Sci. | date = 2022-08-10 | volume = 23 | issue = 16 | pages = 8928 | doi = 10.3390/ijms23168928 | pmid = 36012194 | pmc = 9409009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Greenhill |first=Richard |date=2018-03-01 |title=Meet the Men Who Have a Fart Fetish |website=VICE |publisher=VICE Digital Publishing, LLC |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/meet-the-men-who-have-a-fart-fetish |access-date=2025-06-21 }}</ref> Sexual arousal suppresses [[disgust]],<ref name="Oaten2019">{{cite journal | last1 = Oaten | first1 = M | last2 = Stevenson | first2 = RJ | last3 = Tapp | first3 = C | last4 = Case | first4 = TI | last5 = Cousins | first5 = A | title = The Role of Disgust in Male Sexual Decision‑Making | journal = Frontiers in Psychology | year = 2019 | volume = 9 | pages = 2602 | doi = 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02602 | pmid = 30723444 | pmc = 6350445 }}</ref><ref name="Fleischman2015">{{cite journal | last1 = Fleischman | first1 = DS | last2 = Hamilton | first2 = LD | last3 = Fessler | first3 = DM | last4 = Meston | first4 = CM | title = Disgust versus Lust: Exploring the Interactions of Disgust and Fear with Sexual Arousal in Women | journal = PLoS ONE | year = 2015 | volume = 10 | issue = 6 | pages = e0118151 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0118151 | pmid = 26106894 | pmc = 4479551 }}</ref> which can facilitate the learned association between flatulence and sexual gratification. Postorgasmic shame or disgust (if present<ref name="DisgustScale1994">{{cite journal | last1 = Haidt | first1 = Jonathan | last2 = McCauley | first2 = Christina | last3 = Rozin | first3 = Paul | year = 1994 | title = Individual differences in sensitivity to disgust: A scale sampling seven domains of disgust elicitors | journal = Personality and Individual Differences | volume = 16 | issue = 5 | pages = 701–713 | doi = 10.1016/0191-8869(94)90212-7 | url = https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1994-39581-001 | accessdate = June 25, 2025 }}</ref>) can activate the amygdala, which then modulates memory storage processes in the hippocampus and related structures,<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = McGaugh | first1 = JL | last2 = Cahill | first2 = L | last3 = Roozendaal | first3 = B | title = Involvement of the amygdala in memory storage: interaction with other brain systems | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | date = 1996-11-26 | volume = 93 | issue = 24 | pages = 13508–13514 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.93.24.13508 | pmid = 8942964 | pmc = 33638 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Croucher | first1 = CJ | last2 = Calder | first2 = AJ | last3 = Ramponi | first3 = C | last4 = Barnard | first4 = PJ | last5 = Murphy | first5 = FC | title = Disgust enhances the recollection of negative emotional images | journal = PLoS One | date = 2011-11-16 | volume = 6 | issue = 11 | pages = e26571 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0026571 | pmid = 22110588 | pmc = 3217922 }}</ref> strengthening the fetish imprint. Neural circuits established during early development remain latent until the pubertal surge of testosterone which activates and consolidates sexual pathways,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sisk |first1=CL |last2=Zehr |first2=JL |title=Pubertal hormones organize the adolescent brain and behavior |journal=Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology |year=2005 |volume=26 |issue=3–4 |pages=163–174 |doi=10.1016/j.yfrne.2005.10.003 |pmid=16309736 }}</ref> including imprinted paraphilic ones if reinforced through [[operant conditioning]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jordan |first1=K |last2=Fromberger |first2=P |last3=Stolpmann |first3=G |last4=Muller |first4=JL |title=The role of testosterone in sexuality and paraphilia - A neurobiological approach. Part I: testosterone and sexuality |journal=The Journal of Sexual Medicine |year=2011 |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=2993-3007 |doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02394.x |pmid=21810181 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tenbergen |first1=Gilian |last2=Wittfoth |first2=Matthias |last3=Frieling |first3=Helge |last4=Ponseti |first4=Jorge |last5=Walter |first5=Martin |last6=Walter |first6=Henrik |last7=Beier |first7=Klaus M. |last8=Schiffer |first8=Boris |last9=Kruger |first9=Tillmann H. C. |title=The Neurobiology and Psychology of Pedophilia: Recent Advances and Challenges |journal=Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |date=2015 |volume=9 |doi=10.3389/fnhum.2015.00344 |issn=1662-5161 |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/human-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00344 }}</ref> Paraphilias have been observed to cluster within families heterogeneously, suggesting a potential familial psychosocial transmission of paraphilias.<ref name="Labelle2012">{{cite journal | last1 = Labelle | first1 = A | last2 = Bourget | first2 = D | last3 = Bradford | first3 = JM | last4 = Alda | first4 = M | last5 = Tessier | first5 = P | title = Familial paraphilia: a pilot study with the construction of genograms | journal = ISRN Psychiatry | date = 2012-03-04 | volume = 2012 | pages = 692813 | doi = 10.5402/2012/692813 | pmid = 23738209 | pmc = 3658696 }}</ref> A portion of eproctolagniacs may have neurobiological differences,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jordan |first=Kirsten |last2=Fromberger |first2=Peter |last3=Stolpmann |first3=Georg |last4=Müller |first4=Jürgen Leo |title=The role of testosterone in sexuality and paraphilia—A neurobiological approach. Part II: testosterone and paraphilia |journal=J Sex Med |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=3008–3029 |year=2011 |doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02393.x |pmid=21797985}}</ref> such as differences in [[brain]] structure or function.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jordan |first=Konrad |last2=Lücker |first2=Erik |last3=Pietrzyk |first3=Ulrike |chapter=Structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging in assessing sexual preference |editor-last=Thienel |editor-first=Boris |editor-last2=Crépault |editor-first2=Antoine |title=Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences |volume=32 |pages=163–182 |publisher=Springer |year=2017 |doi=10.1007/7854_2016_58}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Eproctophilia: What It Is, Symptoms, Causes and Treatment |url=https://psychologyfor.com/eproctophilia-what-it-is-symptoms-causes-and-treatment/ |website=Psychology For |date=August 2024 |access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> A study of paraphilic individuals revealed elevated levels of central monoamines including [[dopamine]], [[serotonin]], and norepinephrine, along with decreased levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in [[urine]], a principal dopamine metabolite. These suggest neurochemical dysregulation of sexual reward/impulse circuits in paraphilics.<ref name="Kamenskov2019">{{cite journal | last1 = Kamenskov | first1 = M. Yu. | last2 = Gurina | first2 = O. I. | title = Neurotransmitter mechanisms of paraphilic disorders | journal = Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S. S. Korsakova | language = Russian | year = 2019 | volume = 119 | issue = 8 | pages = 61–67 | doi = 10.17116/jnevro201911908161 | pmid = 31626172 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vander Molen |first1=Lauryn |last2=Ronis |first2=Scott T. |last3=Benoit |first3=Aryn A. |title=Paraphilic Interests Versus Behaviors: Factors that Distinguish Individuals Who Act on Paraphilic Interests From Individuals Who Refrain |journal=Sexual Abuse |date=June 2023 |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=403–427 |doi=10.1177/10790632221108949 |pmid=35699951 |pmc=10189825 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10189825/ |access-date=29 June 2025}}</ref> The [[taboo|taboos]] and [[social stigma]] may contribute to the development of the fetish for some individuals through abjection. Some eproctolagniacs espouse the act of cathartic farting to be seen as an act of [[intimacy]] and breaking down barriers.<ref name="Griffiths2013"></ref> Eric Jones suggests that some eproctolagniacs may be socially ostracized and use flatulence as an alternate means of achieving emotional intimacy.<ref>{{cite thesis | last = Jones | first = Eric | title = Sexual Paraphilias as an Alternative Route to Emotional Intimacy | type = Doctoral dissertation | institution = Alliant International University | location = Irvine, California | year = 2018 | page = 5–6 | url = https://www.proquest.com/openview/e91f19c46eb5a742dd13c0c6cc83cf24/1 | access-date = 29 June 2025 }}</ref> A small informal convenience survey of young adults found that approximately 29 percent of respondents felt comfortable farting in front of their romantic partner between two and six months into the relationship,<ref name="Hakala2016">{{cite web | last = Hakala | first = Kate | title = Here’s When It’s OK to Start Openly Farting in a Relationship | url = https://www.mic.com/articles/137243/here-s-when-it-s-ok-to-start-openly-farting-in-a-relationship | website = Mic | publisher = BDG Media, Inc. | date = 2016-03-08 | access-date = 2025-06-09 }}</ref> indicating that the act functions as a marker of mutual comfort (colloquially called "breaking the fart barrier").<ref>{{cite web | last = Hogan | first = Brianne | title = Why Farting In Front Of Your Partner Is Actually Good For Your Relationship | url = https://www.scarymommy.com/lifestyle/why-farting-is-good-for-your-relationship | website = Scary Mommy | publisher = BDG Media, Inc. | date = 2024-11-27 | access-date = 2025-06-09 }}</ref> Lauren Rosewarne suggests many eproctolagniacs have a voyeuristic attraction to seeing women farting,<ref name="Rosewarne2013"></ref> particularly because of the gender pigeonhole that positions women as not supposed to fart publicly.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Weinberg | first1 = Martin S. | last2 = Williams | first2 = Colin J. | title = Fecal Matters: Habitus, Embodiments, and Deviance | journal = Social Problems | volume = 52 | issue = 3 | pages = 315–336 | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1525/sp.2005.52.3.315 | url = https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.2005.52.3.315 | access-date = 2025-06-09 }}</ref><ref name="Griffiths2013"></ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Cherie | first = Mistress Erisiana | title = Why would a guy want to be farted on? | website = Creative Loafing Tampa Bay | date = 22 November 2010 | url = https://www.cltampa.com/news/why-would-a-guy-want-to-be-farted-on-12286018 | access-date = 26 June 2025 }}</ref> Studies have shown that olfactory function is associated with sexual [[motivation]] and satisfaction.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Iuliano | first1 = Simone | last2 = Zagari | first2 = Maria C. | last3 = Frasca Polara | first3 = Giuseppe | last4 = Rotella | first4 = Giorgio | last5 = La Vignera | first5 = Sandro | last6 = Greco | first6 = Enrico A. | last7 = Liuzza | first7 = Marco T. | last8 = Aversa | first8 = Antonio | title = Global olfactory function correlates with global sexual functioning in men and women | journal = Minerva Medica | date = December 2023 | volume = 114 | issue = 6 | pages = 785–794 | doi = 10.23736/S0026-4806.23.08753-0 | pmid = 37382520 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last = Bendas | first = Julia | last2 = Hummel | first2 = Thomas | last3 = Croy | first3 = Ilona | year = 2018 | title = Olfactory function relates to sexual experience in adults | journal = Archives of Sexual Behavior | volume = 47 | issue = 5 | pages = 1333–1339 | doi = 10.1007/s10508-018-1203-x | pmid = 29721723 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Siegel | first1 = Jason K. | last2 = Kung | first2 = Shanna Y. | last3 = Wroblewski | first3 = Kristen E. | last4 = Kern | first4 = David W. | last5 = McClintock | first5 = Martha K. | last6 = Pinto | first6 = Jayant M. | title = Olfaction Is Associated With Sexual Motivation and Satisfaction in Older Men and Women | journal = The Journal of Sexual Medicine | date = February 2021 | volume = 18 | issue = 2 | pages = 295–302 | doi = 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.12.002 | pmid = 33423973 | pmc = 8694566 }}</ref> A high volume of malodorous flatus may indicate a diet rich in [[protein]] and [[fiber]] in a partner. [[Traumatic brain injury|Brain injuries]] and [[multiple sclerosis]] may lead one to spontaneously acquire paraphilias,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frohman |first=E. M. |last2=Frohman |first2=T. C. |last3=Moreault |first3=A. M. |title=Acquired Sexual Paraphilia in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis |journal=Archives of Neurology |volume=59 |issue=6 |pages=1006–1010 |year=2002 |doi=10.1001/archneur.59.6.1006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last = Bianchi-Demicheli | first = F. | last2 = Rollini | first2 = C. | last3 = Lovblad | first3 = K. | last4 = Ortigue | first4 = S. | title = “Sleeping Beauty paraphilia”: deviant desire in the context of bodily self-image disturbance in a patient with a fronto-parietal traumatic brain injury | journal = Medical Science Monitor | year = 2010 | volume = 16 | issue = 2 | pages = CS15–CS17 | pmid = 20110923 }}</ref><ref name="Langevin1992">{{cite journal | last = Langevin | first = R. | title = Biological Factors Contributing to Paraphiliac Behavior | journal = Psychiatric Annals | date = June 1992 | volume = 22 | issue = 6 | pages = 307, 309–314 | url = https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/biological-factors-contributing-paraphiliac-behavior | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> hypothetically including eproctophilia. The [[Presenter|host]] of the Fart Fetish Podcast, Raj Jawa,<ref name="Fox59EINPresswire2024">{{cite web | title = Celebrating Three Years of Breaking Taboos: Fart Fetish Podcast Shines a Light on Misunderstood Kinks | website = Fox59 (Business Press Releases) | publisher = EIN Presswire | date = December 9, 2024 | url = https://fox59.com/business/press-releases/ein-presswire/767330143/celebrating-three-years-of-breaking-taboos-fart-fetish-podcast-shines-a-light-on-misunderstood-kinks/ | access-date = June 24, 2025 }}</ref> postulated that since eproctophilia involves sexual conditioning to fart-related alliesthetic visceral cues, it would be mediated via the insula's interoceptive circuitry.<ref name="EproctophiliaOpinion">{{cite web | last1 = Jawa | first1 = Raj | title = Eproctophilia Is Not a Perversion or a Paraphilia | url = https://eproctophilia.org/PDF/eproctophiliaisnotapervsionoraparaphilia..pdf | website = Eproctophilia.org | format = PDF | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> Vagal afferents transmit [[enteric nervous system]] signals to the nucleus tractus solitarius, which regulates dorsal raphe, locus coeruleus, and ventral tegmental area neurons.<ref name="Breit2018">{{cite journal | last1 = Breit | first1 = Sigrid | last2 = Kupferberg | first2 = Aleksandra | last3 = Rogler | first3 = Gerhard | last4 = Hasler | first4 = Gregor | title = Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain–Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders | journal = Frontiers in Psychiatry | year = 2018 | volume = 9 | pages = 44 | doi = 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00044 | url = https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00044/full | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> Colonic enterochromaffin cells in the gut epithelium and gut microbiota synthesize 90 percent of the human body's serotonin and significant portions of other monoamines.<ref name="SerotoninMetabolismSD">{{cite web | title = Serotonin Metabolism | work = Topics in Immunology and Microbiology | publisher = Elsevier (ScienceDirect) | url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/serotonin-metabolism | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> The ENS contains specialized mechanosensitive and chemosensitive neurons that detect gas pressure, [[pH]] indications and the slightest indication of a fart building up. Any ENS-driven perturbations in peripheral monoamines, triggered by sexual arousal to flatulence or dysbiosis, could worsen maladaptive central monoaminergic states, such as hyperdominergic rewards response for fart stimuli or serotonergic–noradrenergic driven fixations, which could underpin compulsive sexual focus on flatulence.<ref name="Kamenskov2019"/> The ENS exhibits activity-dependent plasticity;<ref name="Giaroni1999">Giaroni C, De Ponti F, Cosentino M, Lecchini S, Frigo G (December 1999). "Plasticity in the enteric nervous system". ''Gastroenterology''. '''117''' (6): 1438–1458. doi:10.1016/S0016-5085(99)70295-7. PMID 10579986.</ref><ref name="Schaefer2009">Schäfer KH, Van Ginneken C, Copray S (2009). "Plasticity and neural stem cells in the enteric nervous system". ''Anatomical Record''. 292 (12): 1940–1952. doi:10.1002/ar.21033. PMID 19943347.</ref> consequently, repeated pairings of flatulence and [[orgasm]] may sensitize enteric reflex circuits, thereby amplifying ENS-mediated perturbations and amplifying eproctophilic reward pathways. Additionally, the anterior insular cortex [[Anatomy|anatomically]] and functionally sits at the nexus of interoceptive processing and limbic-reward systems.<ref name="Gogolla2017">{{cite journal | last1 = Gogolla | first1 = Nadine | title = The insular cortex | journal = Current Biology | date = 19 June 2017 | volume = 27 | issue = 12 | pages = R580–R586 | doi = 10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.010 | pmid = 28633023 | url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982217305468 | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> It maintains dense reciprocal connections with regions established as the neural substrates of sexual desire, such as the [[amygdala]], [[hypothalamus]], nucleus accumbens, and orbitofrontal cortex.<ref name="Calabro2019">{{cite journal | last1 = Calabrò | first1 = Rocco S. | last2 = Cacciola | first2 = Alberto | last3 = Bruschetta | first3 = Daniele | last4 = Milardi | first4 = Demetrio | last5 = Quattrini | first5 = Fabrizio | last6 = Sciarrone | first6 = Francesca | last7 = La Rosa | first7 = Gianluca | last8 = Bramanti | first8 = Placido | last9 = Anastasi | first9 = Giuseppe | title = Neuroanatomy and function of human sexual behavior: A neglected or unknown issue? | journal = Brain and Behavior | year = 2019 | volume = 9 | issue = 12 | pages = e01389 | doi = 10.1002/brb3.1389 | pmid = 31568703 | pmc = PMC6908863 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6908863/ | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref><ref name="Haber2011">{{cite book | last1 = Haber | first1 = Suzanne N. | editor1-last = Gottfried | editor1-first= Jay A. | chapter = 11 | title = Neuroanatomy of Reward: A View from the Ventral Striatum | publisher = CRC Press/Taylor & Francis | location = Boca Raton, FL | year = 2011 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92777/ | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> In some eproctolagniacs, aberrant visceral interoceptive signals encoded in the ENS are relayed via the vagus and mapped in the insula as salient internal states. The insula routes the signals into adjacent sexual arousals circuits. Therefore flatulence-related interoceptive cues acquire a direct path to the brain's sexual pathways. Orgasmic [[oxytocin]] amplifies and disinhibits the mesolimbic reward circuits,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Petersson |first=Maria |last2=Uvnäs-Moberg |first2=Kerstin |title=Interactions of Oxytocin and Dopamine—Effects on Behavior in Health and Disease |journal=Biomedicines |volume=12 |issue=11 |year=2024 |pages=2440 |doi=10.3390/biomedicines12112440 |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/11/2440}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Pfaus |first=James G. |title=Orgasms, Sexual Pleasure, and Opioid Reward Mechanisms |journal=Sexual Medicine Reviews |year=2025 |doi=10.1093/sxmrev/qeaf023 |url=https://academic.oup.com/smr/advance-article/doi/10.1093/sxmrev/qeaf023/8127191}}</ref> promoting sexual reinforcement of flatulent stimuli. However, no singular cause has been definitively established. The heterogeneity in its manifestation suggests that multiple psychological and developmental factors may be involved, as with other fetishes. ==As a paraphilic disorder== {{Infobox medical condition | name = Eproctophilia | synonyms = Eproctolagnia/eprectolagnia,<ref>{{cite book | last = Aggrawal | first = Anil | year = 2009 | title = Forensic and Medico-Legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices | publisher = CRC Press | isbn = 9781420043082 | url = https://www.google.com/books/edition/Forensic_and_Medico_legal_Aspects_of_Sex/uNkNhPZQprcC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA373 | page = 373 }}</ref> flatus fetishism, flatulophilia, flatuphilia | field = [[Psychiatry]]; Clinical psychology | treatment = Cognitive‑behavioral therapy; psychoeducation }} It is important to note that having a fart fetish is not [[Recognition|recognized]] as a [[Mental illness|disorder]]. [[Treatment]] for eproctophilia is generally not needed unless it starts becoming a [[problem]] or is ego-dystonic.<ref>{{cite book | last = Griffiths | first = Mark | title = Sexual Perversions and Paraphilias: An A to Z | publisher = Curtis Press | year = 2024 | location = United States | page = 52 | url = https://www.google.com/books?id=SXM1EQAAQBAJ&pg=PT52 | access-date = 29 June 2025 | quote = Treatment for eproctophilia is generally not sought unless in some way it becomes problematic for the person. }}</ref> Therapeutic interventions are primarily focused on reducing internalized shame and facilitating social reintegration.<ref>{{cite book|title=Paraphilias: Phenomenology, Assessment, and Treatment|publisher=Routledge|year=2017|isbn=978-1138809185|editor-last=Beetz|editor-first=A. M.}}</ref> In severe cases, eproctolagniacs may be [[Anhedonia|unable to derive sexual gratification]] unless their partner consecutively and sonorously farts, which can present challenges if they are unable to do so. This might pressure the farting partner to eat more gas producing [[food]] or [[Air pump|pump air]] into their anus to satisfy the eproctolagniac, which can pose [[health]] problems.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Hejna | first1 = Petr | last2 = Zátopková | first2 = Lucie | last3 = Janík | first3 = Matěj | title = Rectal explosion: a strange case of autoerotic death | journal = International Journal of Legal Medicine | date = January 2021 | volume = 135 | issue = 1 | pages = 307–312 | doi = 10.1007/s00414-020-02344-7 | pmid = 32592072 | url = https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-020-02344-7 | access-date = 5 June 2025 }}</ref> In cases like these, the eproctolagniac may be [[Medical diagnosis|diagnosed]] with fetishism disorder under [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|DSM]]-5, as the fetish is coupled with significant [[Distress (medicine)|distress]] or [[Danger|peril]]. A fart fetish sometimes co-occurs with compulsive sexual behavior disorder which is often accompanied by comorbid psychopathologies, including autism, [[depression (mental illness)|depressive]], and [[anxiety disorder|anxiety disorders]].<ref name="Kafka2012">{{cite journal | last1 = Kafka | first1 = M. | year = 2012 | title = Axis I psychiatric disorders, paraphilic sexual offending and implications for pharmacological treatment | journal = Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences | volume = 49 | issue = 4 | pages = 255–261 | pmid = 23585462 }}</ref><ref name="Abrams2023">{{cite thesis | last = Abrams | first = Dylan H. | year = 2023 | title = Examining the Prevalence and Psychopathological Correlates of Paraphilic Interests in a Non-clinical Sample | type = Master’s thesis | institution= Graduate Center, City University of New York | url = https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/5462 | access-date= 2025-06-07 }}</ref><ref name="Briken2024">{{cite journal | last1 = Briken | first1 = P. | last2 = Bothe | first2 = B. | last3 = Carvalho | first3 = J. | last4 = Coleman | first4 = E. | last5 = Giraldi | first5 = A. | last6 = Kraus | first6 = S. W. | last7 = Lew-Starowicz | first7 = M. | last8 = Pfaus | first8 = J. G. | year = 2024 | title = Assessment and treatment of compulsive sexual behavior disorder: a sexual medicine perspective | journal = Sexual Medicine Reviews | volume = 12 | issue = 3 | pages = 355–370 | doi = 10.1093/sxmrev/qeae014 }}</ref> If one with a fart fetish wants to ameliorate their condition, they can get professional mental [[help]]. [[Cognitive behavioral therapy]] (CBT) has been the primary source to address maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors, such as eproctophilia.<ref name="Kaplan2012">{{cite journal | last1 = Kaplan | first1 = M. S. | last2 = Krueger | first2 = R. B. | title = Cognitive-behavioral treatment of the paraphilias | journal = Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences | year = 2012 | volume = 49 | issue = 4 | pages = 291–296 | pmid = 23585466 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Eproctophilia: treatment and causes |url=https://www.mentesabiertaspsicologia.com/blog-psicologia/eproctophilia-treatment-and-causes |website=Mentes Abiertas Psicología |date=20 March 2023 |access-date=12 April 2025}}</ref> Techniques include cognitive restructuring, behavioral rehearsal, and teaching eproctolagniacs to identify and cope with factors that make relapsing imminent. In a dedicated eproctolagniac, extinction may occur with the prolonged absence of flatulent stimuli. Treatment could also include redirecting [[Masturbation|masturbatory]] [[Sexual fantasy|fantasies]] to conventional ones or employing sensate focus therapy to reorient sexual arousal toward normophilic stimuli. In some cases, CBT can be used in combination with [[Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor|selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors]] (SSRIs).<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Coskun | first1 = Murat | last2 = Ozturk | first2 = Mucahit | title = Sexual Fetishism in Adolescence: Report of Two Cases | journal = Düşünen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences | volume = 26 | issue = 2 | pages = 199–205 | date = 2013-06-01 | doi = 10.5350/DAJPN2013260210 | url = https://dusunenadamdergisi.org/storage/upload/pdfs/1587029640-en.pdf | access-date = 2025-04-13 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Guay | first1 = David R. P. | title = Drug treatment of paraphilic and nonparaphilic sexual disorders | journal = Clinical Therapeutics | volume = 31 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–31 | date = 2009-01-01 | doi = 10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.01.009 | pmid = 19243704 | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19243704/ | access-date = 2025-04-13 }}</ref><ref name="SpringerCh255">{{cite book | last1 = Malandain | first1 = Leo | last2 = Chagraoui | first2 = Abdeslam | last3 = Thibaut | first3 = Florence | chapter = Psychopharmacotherapy of Sexual Disorders | editor1-last = Riederer | editor1-first= Peter | editor2-last = Laux | editor2-first= Gerd | editor3-last = Nagatsu | editor3-first= Toshiharu | editor4-last = Le | editor4-first= Weidong | editor5-last = Riederer | editor5-first= Christian | title = NeuroPsychopharmacotherapy | series = Reference work | publisher = Springer Cham | year = 2022 | pages = 4171–4206 | doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-62059-2_255 | isbn = 978-3-030-62059-2 | url = https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62059-2_255 | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> [[Naltrexone]] has been tried for compulsive sexual behaviour and paraphilic behaviour, based on the idea of dampering reward-seeking behaviour in behavioural [[addiction]] or treating concurrent addictions.<ref name="Raymond2010">{{cite journal | last1 = Raymond | first1 = Nancy C. | last2 = Grant | first2 = Jon E. | last3 = Coleman | first3 = Eli | title = Augmentation with naltrexone to treat compulsive sexual behavior: A case series | journal = Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology | date = February 2010 | volume = 22 | issue = 1 | pages = 56–62 | url = https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/fmc/acp/2010/00000022/00000001/art00008 | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref><ref name="Savard2020">{{cite journal | last1 = Savard | first1 = J. | last2 = Öberg | first2 = K. G. | last3 = Chatzittofis | first3 = A. | last4 = Dhejne | first4 = C. | last5 = Arver | first5 = S. | last6 = Jokinen | first6 = J. | title = Naltrexone in compulsive sexual behavior disorder: A feasibility study of twenty men | journal = The Journal of Sexual Medicine | date = August 2020 | volume = 17 | issue = 8 | pages = 1544–1552 | doi = <!-- Add DOI if available --> | url = https://academic.oup.com/jsm/article-abstract/17/8/1544/6973797 | access-date = 8 June 2025 }}</ref> Covert sensitization methods, such as aversion therapy, can be used to reduce compulsive behaviors by applying negative punishments.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Callahan | first1=E. J. | last2=Leitenberg | first2=H. | title=Aversion therapy for sexual deviation: Contingent shock and covert sensitization | journal=Journal of Abnormal Psychology | volume=81 | issue=1 | pages=60–73 | year=1973 | doi=10.1037/h0034025 | url=https://doi.org/10.1037/h0034025 }}</ref> Its use is associated with lower recidivism.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Culos | first1 = Camille | last2 = Di Grazia | first2 = Marco | last3 = Meneguzzo | first3 = Paola | title = Pharmacological Interventions in Paraphilic Disorders: Systematic Review and Insights | journal = Journal of Clinical Medicine | date = 7 March 2024 | volume = 13 | issue = 6 | pages = 1524 | doi = 10.3390/jcm13061524 | pmid = 38541750 | pmc = 10971111 }}</ref> Eproctolagniacs with childhood trauma may be treated with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy to mitigate their underlying trauma.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = de Jongh | first1 = Ad | last2 = de Roos | first2 = Carlijn | last3 = El-Leithy | first3 = S. | title = State of the science: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy | journal = Journal of Traumatic Stress | volume = 37 | issue = 2 | pages = 205–216 | date = April 2024 | doi = 10.1002/jts.23012 | pmid = 38282286 | publication-date = 2024-01-28 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Zolik | first = Mary‑Beth | title = How Sexual Obsessions & Fetishes Develop & How to Treat Them | website = EMDR Healing | publisher = EMDR Healing | date = June 15, 2019 | url = https://emdrhealing.com/how-sexual-obsessions-develop/ | access-date = June 24, 2025 }}</ref> Research suggests repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may help reduce sexual compulsivity in individuals with paraphilic disorders by targeting brain regions implicated in inhibitory control, particularly the cortical nodes in the cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical loop such as the dorsolateral [[Pre-frontal cortex|prefrontal cortex]] (DLPFC) and the supplementary motor area (SMA).<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Schecklmann | first1 = Martin | last2 = Sakreida | first2 = Katrin | last3 = Oblinger | first3 = Britta | last4 = Langguth | first4 = Berthold | last5 = Poeppl | first5 = Timm B. | title = Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Potential Tool to Reduce Sexual Arousal: A Proof of Concept Study | journal = The Journal of Sexual Medicine | volume = 17 | issue = 8 | pages = 1553–1559 | date = August 2020 | doi = 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.05.002 | url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1743609520306093 | issn = 1743-6095 }} </ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Tripathi | first1 = A. | last2 = Singh | first2 = A. | last3 = Singh | first3 = H. | last4 = Kar | first4 = S. K. | title = Successful use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in difficult to treat hypersexual disorder | journal = Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences | volume = 9 | issue = 3 | pages = 207–209 | date = July–September 2016 | doi = 10.4103/0974-1208.192074 | pmid = 27803590 | pmc = 5070404 }} </ref> This noninvasive intervention may help eproctolagniacs control their sexual impulses to fart-related stimuli by inhibiting the SMA and exciting the right DLPFC under IRB approval. As a last resort, chemical [[castration]] may be employed through the use of [[Gonadotropin-releasing hormone|luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone]] (LHRH) [[agonist|agonists]] or antiandrogens such as cyproterone acetate.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bradford |first=J. M. |title=The neurobiology, neuropharmacology, and pharmacological treatment of the paraphilias and compulsive sexual behaviour |journal=Can J Psychiatry |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=26–34 |year=2001 |doi=10.1177/070674370104600104 |pmid=11221487}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Garcia | first1 = Frederico D. | last2 = Thibaut | first2 = Florence | title = Current concepts in the pharmacotherapy of paraphilias | journal = Drugs | volume = 71 | issue = 6 | pages = 771–790 | date = 2011-04-16 | doi = 10.2165/11585490-000000000-00000 | pmid = 21504253 | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21504253/ | access-date = 2025-04-13 }}</ref> They should be considered only in cases where the eproctolagniac's behaviours pose a significant risk to themselves or others, and when less invasive treatments have been ineffective, as the use of chemical castrations methods can come with problematic side effects such as [[osteoporosis]] and [[Liver disease|liver dysfunction]]. All in all, the [[prognosis]] of eproctophilia is poor. Heterosexual cisgender men's sexuali orientations and paraphilic interests tend to be highly stable,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bailey |first1=J. Michael |last2=Pillard |first2=Richard C. |title=A genetic study of male sexual orientation |journal=Archives of General Psychiatry |year=1991 |volume=48 |issue=12 |pages=1089–1096 |doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810360031005 |pmid=1750785 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Savin-Williams |first1=RC |last2=Ream |first2=GL |title=Prevalence and Stability of Sexual Orientation Components During Adolescence and Young Adulthood |journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior |year=2007 |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=385–394 |doi=10.1007/s10508-006-9088-5 }}</ref> whereas women's sexuali orientations tend to be more fluid.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kinnish |first1=K.K. |last2=Strassberg |first2=D.S. |last3=Turner |first3=C.W. |title=Sex differences in the flexibility of sexual orientation: a multidimensional retrospective assessment |journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior |year=2005 |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=173–183 |doi=10.1007/s10508-005-1795-9 |pmid=15803251 |s2cid=8545091 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bailey |first1=J. Michael |last2=Vasey |first2=Paul |last3=Diamond |first3=Lisa |last4=Breedlove |first4=S. Marc |last5=Vilain |first5=Eric |last6=Epprecht |first6=Marc |title=Sexual Orientation, Controversy, and Science |journal=Psychological Science in the Public Interest |date=2016 |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=45–101 |doi=10.1177/1529100616637616 |pmid=27113562 }}</ref> Fart fetishism is generally considered unalterable and life-long,<ref name="SetoAhmed2014">{{cite journal|first1=Michael C.|last1=Seto|authorlink1=Michael C. Seto|first2=AG|last2=Ahmed|title=Treatment and management of child pornography use|journal=Psychiatric Clinics of North America|volume=37|issue=2|pages=207–214|year=2014|pmid=24877707|doi=10.1016/j.psc.2014.03.004}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title = Treatments to Change Sexual Orientation | journal = The American Journal of Psychiatry | volume = 157 | issue = 5 | pages = 838 | date = May 2000 | url = https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.838 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110612020545/https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.838 | archive-date = 12 June 2011 | access-date = 12 April 2025 }}</ref> but CBT can help reduce negative [[symptoms]] and prevent [[criminal]] [[behaviour]], while pharmacological treatments can lower libido and compulsivity. There are no significant studies specifically focused on fart fetishism. Still, it is considered one of the many forms of sexual interest that can be classified as a paraphilia, which refers to unusual sexual preferences. Fart fetishism typically becomes more noticeable in [[adulthood]], though the specific causes or origins of this interest are not very well understood. == Cultural and social context== [[File:Maerzforderungen.png|thumb|Illustration of “The demands of the people” during the revolutions of 1848/49. “Vox populi” is sarcastically likened to a fart|155x155px]] Flatulence (and, more broadly, fart fetishism) is often viewed negatively in virtually every [[culture]], contributing to the taboo surrounding eproctophilia. In many [[Society|societies]], flatulence is considered socially inappropriate or [[Embarrassment|embarrassing]], which may trigger psychological reactance and thus intensify the fetishistic allure for some individuals. On the contrary, the stigma may lead some individuals with this fetish to feel [[Social isolation|isolated]] or reluctant to discuss their [[Interest (emotion)|interests]] openly.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Combridge | first1 = Kirra | last2 = Lastella | first2 = Michele | title = Stigmatisation of People with Deviant Sexual Interest: A Comparative Study | journal = Sexes | volume = 4 | issue = 1 | pages = 7–25 | year = 2023 | doi = 10.3390/sexes4010002 | url = https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5118/4/1/2 | access-date = 2025-04-14 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Fisher |first1=KA |last2=Marwaha |first2=R |title=Paraphilia |website=StatPearls [Internet] |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |date=2023-03-06 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554425/ |access-date=2025-06-10 }}</ref> They may cope through farts, perpetuating a self-reinforcing cycle that exacerbates eproctophilia. When eproctolagniacs pose a risk to others, therapists may be legally compelled to report such behaviour to authorities under mandatory reporting laws. This may impede their access to treatment, a crucial safeguard against the commission of sexual offenses. Although it is not widely [[Conversation|discussed]], it [[Existence|exists]] as part of the diversity of [[human]] [[Sexual orientation|sexual preferences]]. Historically, eproctophilia was often conflated with coprophilia and scatology, but it has increasingly been recognized as a distinct paraphilic focus. Elizabeth Eva Leach has identified three of the 15th-century sottes chansons in Bodleian MS Douce 308, titled “Or suivez qui me disait,” “Fille, qu’avez-vous fait ?” and “Je ne suis mie folle,” as some early literary examples of eproctophilia.<ref name="Leach2023">Leach, Elizabeth Eva. ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Medieval_Sex_Lives/lunLEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA122 Medieval Sex Lives: The Sounds of Courtly Intimacy on the Francophone Borders]''. United States: Cornell University Press, 2023, p. 122.</ref> The 17th century works of the English writer Thomas d'Urfey depicted only women depicted as farting, reflecting the [[Misogyny|misogynistic]] belief that women were objects of casual sexual desire.<ref>{{cite web | last = Pittaway | first = Ian | title = "A brief history of farting in early music and literature" | website = Early Music Muse | date = 3 January 2025 | orig-date = 27 July 2016 | url = https://earlymusicmuse.com/a-brief-history-of-farting/ | access-date= 10 June 2025 }}</ref> His most famous musical hit was "The Fart", followed by "The Second Part of The Fart". During the [[Augustan literature|British Augustan]] age, there were several flatulence-related works of [[erotica]] circulated in underground [[pamphlets]]. For example, the names “Miss-Pop fart”, "Mrs. Tickle-Fart", “Madam Rousing Fart”, and "Tabitha Turnip-Fart" were coined to reflect some Augustan works of erotica.<ref name="Barchas2024">{{Cite book | last = Barchas | first = Janine | editor1-last = Pettit | editor1-first = Alexander | editor2-last = Spedding | editor2-first = Patrick | title = Eighteenth-Century British Erotica, Part II, Volume 1 | publisher = Taylor & Francis | location = London | year = 2024 | isbn = 9781040238424 | url = https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9781040238424_A49445550/preview-9781040238424_A49445550.pdf | access-date = 2025-04-14 }}</ref> Notable among these pamphlets is ''The Benefit of Farting Explain'd'',<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Puff-Indorst | first1 = Don Fartinando | last2 = Swift | first2 = Jonathan | last3 = Fizzle | first3 = Obadiah | title = ''The Benefit of Farting Explain’d : Or, the Fundament-All Cause of the Distempers Incident to the Fair-Sex, Enquired into. Proving à Posteriori Most of the Dis-Ordures In-Tail’d upon Them, Are Owing to Flatulencies Not Seasonably Vented. Wrote in Spanish by Don Fartinando Puff-Indorst Professor of Bumbast in the University of Crackow. And Translated into English at the Request, and for the Use, of the Lady Damp-Fart of Her-Fart-Shire. By Obadiah Fizzle, Groom of the Stool to the Princess of Arsimini in Sardinia.'' | place = Longford in Ireland [i.e. London] | publisher = Simon Bumbubbard | year = 1722 | url = http://find.galegroup.com/ecco/infomark.do?contentSet=ECCOArticles&amp;docType=ECCOArticles&amp;bookId=0092301100&amp;type=getFullCitation&amp;tabID=T001&amp;prodId=ECCO&amp;docLevel=TEXT_GRAPHICS&amp;version=1.0&amp;source=library | access-date = 10 June 2025 }}</ref> a pseudomedical pamphlet published in 1722 that argued for the therapeutic necessity of farting, particularly in women. That same year saw the publication of ''Arse Musica; or, The Lady’s Back Report to Don Fart-in-hand-o Puff-in dorst'', a flatulent parody of [[Italy|Italian]] opera that celebrated the aesthetic pleasures of bodily emissions coming from the anus. This was followed by ''The Beau's Miscellany'',<ref>{{cite book | title = ''The Beau's Miscellany: Being a New and Curious Collection of Amorous Tales, Diverting Song, and Entertaining Poems. Part II.'' | editor = Various Hands | place = London | publisher = A. Moore | date = 1731 <!-- imprint undated; ESTC suggests [1731?] --> | format = Duodecimo | series = ECCO – BOD | id = ESTC T80397; EEBO CW3312781141 | url = http://find.galegroup.com/ecco/infomark.do?&prodId=ECCO&docId=CW3312781141 | access-date = 10 June 2025 }}</ref> a collection of verse and prose where in flatulence serves as a titillating motif and de facto [[comedy|comedic relief]]. Collectively, these texts exemplify an [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightment]]-era libertine tradition in which farting was also seen as erotic by some. A depiction of eproctophilia appears in the Marquis de Sade unfinished novel ''The 120 Days of Sodom'', written in 1785 and published in 1904 after its manuscript was rediscovered. The book describes the activities of four wealthy libertine Frenchmen who spend four months seeking the ultimate sexual gratification through orgies, including eproctophilic activities. One episode describes a character who “knelt down before that decrepit bum and kissed it lovingly; farts were blown up his nose, he waxed ecstatic…,” illustrating vivid exploitation of flatulence as sexual stimulus.<ref name="SadeSupervert">{{cite web |last = Sade |first = Donatien Alphonse François, Marquis de |title = ''The 120 Days of Sodom'' |url = https://16beavergroup.org/pdf/120_days_of_sodom.pdf |publisher = Supervert 32C Inc. |date = 2002 |format = PDF |page = 125 |access-date= 2025-06-05}}</ref> The [[18th century|eighteenth-century]] discourses of flatulence and female outlawry demonstrate sexual experimentation and the possible existence of eproctophilia throughout [[history]]. [[File:Fart contest, Hegassen scroll detail.jpg|thumb|An example of flatulence humor in [[Japan]] is found in ''He‑gassen'' (circa 1864), which depicts rival groups farting at each other in a comic battle.|155x155px]] In [[Mark Twain]]'s risqué squib "1601", published anonymous in 1880, flatulence was depicted in a sexually suggestive manner.<ref>{{cite book | last = Twain | first = Mark | title = 1601 | edition = Collected in ''Mark Twain’s Library of Humor'' | publisher = Harper & Brothers | year = 1882 | pages = 45–58 | isbn = 9780060973810 }}</ref><ref name="Beck2003">{{cite book | last = Beck | first = Lewis | title = ''Mark Twain and Metaphor'' | publisher = University of Missouri Press | year = 2003 | pages = 43–47 | isbn = 9780826217622 }}</ref> [[James Joyce]], the renowned [[Irish people|Irish]] [[author]], exhibited eproctophilic tendencies, as evidenced by his intimate correspondence with Nora Barnacle. James Joyce's erotographomaniac [[letter|letters]] to Nora Barnacle from 1909 revealed his fascination with her farts, as he expressed a [[desire]] to hear her "tiny little naughty farties" and described them as "fat dirty farts".<ref>{{cite book | editor-last = Gilbert | editor-first = Stuart | author-last = Joyce | author-first = James | title = Letters of James Joyce | publisher = Viking Press; Faber & Faber | location = New York; London | date = 1957–1966 | oclc = 2397715 | url = https://www.worldcat.org/title/letters-of-james-joyce/oclc/2397715 | access-date = 7 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = James Joyce’s Love Letters to Nora Barnacle, His ‘Dirty Little Fuckbird.’ | date = 2021-07-28 | website = The Paris Review | url = https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2018/02/02/james-joyces-love-letters-dirty-little-fuckbird/ | access-date = 2025-04-12 }}</ref> He noted that Nora's farts with each thrust heightened his erotic arousal and claimed he could pick hers out in a room full of farting women. He further exemplified eproctophilia in the "Bella / Bello” vignette of the “Circe” episode, where Bella demanded bystanders to hold Bloom down and farted directly onto his face.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Thomas | first = Frankie | title = Unspeakable "Circe": Sexual Perversion and the Lacanian Detour in Ulysses | journal = James Joyce Quarterly | volume = 54 | issue = 3–4 | pages = 303–313 | year = 2017 | publisher = The University of Tulsa | issn = 1938-6036 | url = https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/80/article/707927 | access-date = 2025-06-27 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Mason | first = Clara | title = Concepts of Memory: Molly Bloom and St Augustine | website = Bloomsday Sydney Foundation | date = 2013 | url = https://www.bloomsdaysydney.com/Foundation/foundation/concepts_of_memory.html | access-date = 2025-06-27 | quote = Bello: 'Well, I’m not. Wait. (He holds in his breath) Curse it. Here. This bung’s about burst. (He uncorks himself behind: then, contorting his features, farts loudly) Take that! (He recorks himself) Yes, by jingo, sixteen three quarters. Bloom: (A sweat breaking out over him) Not man. (He sniffs) Woman.' }}</ref> Although presented in a literary context, similar behaviors have been described in clinical literature. One of the earliest clinical cases of flatulence fetishism appears in a 1994 psychoanalytic report of a fetishistic cross-dresser presenting with a recalcitrant symptom of anal flatulence related to a transference perversion.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Baker | first1 = R. | title = Psychoanalysis as a lifeline: a clinical study of a transference perversion | journal = International Journal of Psychoanalysis | date = August 1994 | volume = 75 | issue = Pt 4 | pages = 743–753 | pmid = 7989146 }}</ref> In this case, the act of flatulence functioned as a central component for the patient's sexual gratification, consistent with eproctophilic interests. In Brazil, the production [[company]] MFX Media makes fetish videos that include fart-fetish content. The company gained international attention after it released a [[coprophilia|coprophilic]] video titled "[[2 Girls 1 Cup]]". The video showed extreme fetish acts and was made by MFX Media's director, Marco Antônio Fiorito. Fiorito described himself as a "compulsive fetishist" and began making fetish [[films]] in the [[1990s]]. In 2008, a Brazilian eproctophilic short film titled "Cake Farts" gained virality online.<ref>{{cite web |last=Dictionary.com Staff |title=cake farts |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/pop-culture/cake-farts/ |website=Pop Culture dictionary |publisher=Dictionary.com |date=May 16, 2018 |access-date=June 22, 2025}}</ref> In episode 1206 of South Park, titled "Over Logging", the character Randy Marsh searches up "Brazilian fart porn", ejaculating to it.<ref>Piero, M. (2021). "[https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91944-3_5 The Chronotope of the Fart as Pharmakon in *South Park: The Fractured But Whole*]." In *Video Game Chronotopes and Social Justice*. Palgrave Games in Context. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.</ref> A Japanese company named Fart FeTish Club (ファートフェチ) produced and distributed fart fetish films in the early 2000s.<ref>[https://www.google.com/books?id=xCSjuwDKchkC&pg=PA26 "The Farting Femmes of NonVirtuous Reality"]Dawson, Jim. ''Blame It on the Dog: A Modern History of the Fart''. (Illustrated edition). Clarkson Potter/Ten Speed, 2006. p. 26. ISBN 1580087515, 9781580087513.</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Griffith |first=Jackson |date=2004-01-08 |title=Fetish of Woman’s Fart |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203025955/https://www.newsreview.com/sacramento/content/fetish-of-womans-fart/26890/|website=News & Review |publisher=Sacramento News & Review |access-date=2025-06-29 }}</ref> In modern day, a notable incident is when the former reality television star from the [[United States]], Stephanie Matto, was [[hospital|hospitalized]] in 2022 after modifying her [[diet]] to accommodate her [[business]] of [[jar|jars]] containing her farts. This practice eventually led her to [[dyspnea|difficulty breathing]] caused by excessive gas accumulation,<ref>{{cite web | last = Lee | first = Bruce Y. | title = 90 Day Fiancé Star Sells Her Farts in Jars Then Suffers Health Scare | website = Forbes | publisher = Forbes Magazine | date = 8 January 2022 | url = https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2022/01/08/90-day-fianc-star-sells-farts-in-jars-then-suffers-health-scare/ | access-date = 12 April 2025 }}</ref> prompting other creators to supersede her.<ref>{{cite web | last = Alford | first = Aaron | title = Amouranth is now selling jars of her farts and hot tub water for ridiculous prices | website = Inven Global | date = 28 February 2022 | url = https://www.invenglobal.com/articles/16596/amouranth-starts-business-selling-her-own-scent-jars-and-hot-tub-water | access-date = 26 June 2025 }}</ref> In March 2025, [[DC Comics]] released the one-short ''Harley Quinn Fartacular: Silent Butt Deadly'', which centers its plot entirely on flatulence and included a built-in [[scratch-and-sniff]] feature. Some reviewers argued that the comic functioned more as a fart-fetish comic than a traditional [[superhero]] story, with its prolonged focus on flatulence and visceral imagery as evidence of fetishistic intent rather than typical hero action.<ref>{{cite web | last=Luken | first=Jackson | date=26 March 2025 | title=Harley Quinn Fartacular: Silent Butt Deadly #1 review | website=Batman News | url=https://batman-news.com/2025/03/26/harley-quinn-fartacular-silent-butt-deadly-1-review/ | access-date=10 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Goldfield | first=Ray | date=26 March 2025 | title=Review – Harley Quinn Fartacular: Silent Butt Deadly #1 – Yep, That’s the Title | website=GeekDad | url=https://geekdad.com/2025/03/review-harley-quinn-fartacular-silent-butt-deadly-1-yep-thats-the-title/ | access-date=10 June 2025 }}</ref> Research has shown that trace amounts of [[hydrogen sulfide]] may prevent [[mitochondrial]] damage in [[cells]].<ref>{{cite journal | last = Murphy | first = Brian | last2 = Bhattacharya | first2 = Rajat | last3 = Mukherjee | first3 = Priyabrata | year = 2019 | title = Hydrogen sulfide signaling in mitochondria and disease | journal = The FASEB Journal | volume = 33 | issue = 12 | pages = 13098–13125 | doi = 10.1096/fj.201901304R | pmid = 31648556 | pmc = PMC6894098 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Paul | first1 = Biswanath D. | last2 = Snyder | first2 = Solomon H. | last3 = Kashfi | first3 = Kamal | title = Effects of hydrogen sulfide on mitochondrial function and cellular bioenergetics | journal = Redox Biology | date = January 2021 | volume = 38 | pages = 101772 | doi = 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101772 | pmid = 33137711 | pmc = 7606857 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last = Fu | first = Ming | last2 = Zhang | first2 = Weihua | last3 = Wu | first3 = Lingyun | last4 = Yang | first4 = Guangdong | last5 = Li | first5 = Hongzhu | last6 = Wang | first6 = Rui | year = 2012 | title = Hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) metabolism in mitochondria and its regulatory role in energy production | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 109 | issue = 8 | pages = 2943–2948 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1115634109 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Sniffing your partner’s farts could help ward off disease | url = https://nypost.com/2017/10/27/sniffing-your-partners-farts-could-help-ward-off-disease/ | website = New York Post | date = October 27, 2017 }}</ref> This has led to the misleading belief that smelling farts could have health benefits. Another common misconception is that farting on someone's face can cause [[Conjunctivitis|pink eye]].<ref>{{cite web | last1 = Dryer | first1 = Courtney | last2 = Boparai | first2 = Jovi | title = Can You Get Pink Eye from a Fart? | website = CorneaCare | date = 2 May 2024 | url = https://mycorneacare.com/eye-health-and-wellness/can-you-get-pink-eye-from-a-fart/ | access-date = 2 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | author = Family Focus Eyecare | title = Can you get Pink Eye from a Fart? What Actually Causes Conjunctivitis? | website = Family Focus Eyecare | date = 24 September 2024 | url = https://www.famfocuseye.com/2024/09/24/can-you-get-pink-eye-from-a-fart-what-actually-causes-conjunctivitis/ | access-date = 20 June 2025 }}</ref> However, farting onto a face through clothing is unlikely to transmit bacteria.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Hot air? | journal = BMJ | date = 22 December 2001 | volume = 323 | issue = 7327 | page = 1449 | pmc = 1121900 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1121900/ | access-date = 20 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | author = James Felton | title = The Australian Scientist Who Tested Whether Farts Spread Disease | website = IFLScience | date = 26 April 2021 | url = https://www.iflscience.com/the-australian-scientist-who-tested-whether-farts-spread-disease-58972 | access-date = 20 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>Lee, Bruce Y. (May 31, 2025). "[https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2025/05/31/tiktoker-claims-fart-near-her-face-caused-7-years-of-sinus-infections/ TikToker Claims Fart Near Her Face Caused 7 Years Of Sinus Infections]". ''Forbes''. Retrieved June 26, 2025.</ref> Because the person farting is generally habituated to the scent of their own flatulence and typically do not experience it as offensive,<ref>{{cite journal | last1=McBurney | first1=D. H. | last2=Levine | first2=J. M. | last3=Cavanaugh | first3=P. H. | year=1976 | title=Psychophysical and social ratings of human body odor | journal=Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin | volume=3 | issue=1 | pages=135–138 | doi=10.1177/014616727600300126 }}</ref><ref>Komarla, J. (14 December 2023). "[https://www.zmescience.com/feature-post/health/food-and-nutrition/why-do-some-people-like-the-smell-of-their-own-farts/ Why do some people like the smell of their own farts?]". ''ZME Science''. Retrieved 2 July 2025.</ref> fart play may be considered olfactorily tolerable for the performer and [[Ethics|ethically]] permissible when mutual consent is established. As with all sexual preferences, the key to a healthy experience is mutual [[consent]], [[respect]], and [[communication]] between individuals involved. Non-consensual exposure or involving non-consenting individuals is highly unethical and generally [[Law|illegal]].<ref>{{cite web |date=2010-04-07 |title=Victim Says Flatulence Fetish Led to Sexual Assault |website=News 9 |publisher=News 9 |url=https://www.news9.com/story/5e35015ee0c96e774b36aefa/victim-says-flatulence-fetish-led-to-sexual-assault |access-date=2025-04-20 }}</ref> == Related pages == *[[Flatulence]] *[[Coprophilia]] *[[Paraphilia]] *[[Sexual fetishism]] *[[Foot odor]] *[[Human sexuality]] *[[BDSM]] *[[Urolagnia]] *[[Social stigma]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{notelist}} ==Further reading== *{{cite book |last=Love |first=Brenda |title=Encyclopedia of Unusual Sex Practices |publisher=Barricade Books |year=1992 |isbn=9781569800119}} ==Other websites== *[[wikt:eproctophilia|Eproctophilia]] *[https://eproctophilia.org/ Eproctophilia.org] *[https://fartfetish.podbean.com/ Fart Fetish Podcast] {{medical resources | ICD10 = [https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/F65.8 F65.8 – Other paraphilias] | MeshID = D005329 }} {{Mental disorders}} {{sex-stub}} [[Category:Human sexuality]] [[Category:BDSM]] [[Category:Paraphilias]] [[Category:Sexual fetishism]] [[Category:Flatulence]] oya2nael54725m9ah8rmaiia4q4qbxq 0 1143261 10367911 10284163 2025-07-02T16:49:45Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C US-EN 10367911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Italic title}} '''''This Is Us''''' is an [[United States|American]] legal [[drama]] starring [[Milo Ventimiglia]] as the title character. The show is set in [[New York City|New York]]. It began airing on [[NBC]] on September 20, 2016. It ended in May 24, 2022. The sitcom was acquired by NBC in September 2016 for a complete 18-episode season. The show received a two-season, 18-episode renewal from NBC in January 2017 and a three-season renewal in May 2019. Its last season, which debuted on January 4, 2022, was revealed in May 2021. {{tv-stub}} [[Category:2010s American drama television series]] [[Category:2010s American television series debuts]] [[Category:2016 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2020s American drama television series]] [[Category:2020s American television series endings]] [[Category:2022 American television series endings]] [[Category:American drama television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:Legal television series]] 78ocu1l4ta9aw198c5g82g93uev24sk 3 1143495 10367816 10362106 2025-07-02T15:41:57Z Steven1991 1522289 10367816 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Welcome!== [[Image:Chocolate chip cookies.jpg|thumb|300px|Some cookies to welcome you! [[File:Face-smile.svg|25px]]]] Hello, I am [[User:Davey2010|Davey2010]] and [[Wikipedia:WELCOME|welcome to Wikipedia]], Steven1991! Thank you for [[Special:Contributions/Steven1991|your changes]]. I just wanted to say hi and welcome you to Wikipedia! If you have any questions check out [[Wikipedia:Questions]], or send me a message on [[User talk:Davey2010|my talk page]]. I like to help new people, so don't be afraid to leave a message! I hope you like Wikipedia and decide to stay. Here are some pages that you might find helpful: * [[Wikipedia:Introduction|Introduction]] * [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars of Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:How to edit a page|How to change a page]] * [[Help:Contents|Help pages]] * [[Wikipedia:How to write Simple English pages|How to write a very good article]] Also, when you post on [[Wikipedia:Talk page|talk pages]] you should [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|sign your name]] using four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); that should automatically produce your username and the date after your post. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a [[Wikipedia:Wikipedians|Wikipedian]]! –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 01:11, 29 October 2024 (UTC) ==Have a jolly, jolly Christmas!== <div style="border-style:solid; border-color:red; background-color:#fff; border-width:2px; text-align:left; padding:8px;" class="plainlinks">[[image:Christmas_tree_sxc_hu.jpg|70px|left]] [[User:Brioche23|Brioche23]] ([[User talk:Brioche23|talk]]) is wishing you a [[Christmas|Merry Christmas]]! This greeting (and season) promotes [[Wikipedia:WikiLove|WikiLove]] and hopefully this note has made your day a little better. Spread the WikiLove by wishing another user a [[Christmas|Merry Christmas]], whether it be someone you have had disagreements with in the past, a good friend, or just some random person. Happy New Year! <br /> ''Spread the cheer by adding {{tls|Xmas2}} to their talk page with a friendly message.'' </div> [[User:Brioche23|Brioche23]] ([[User talk:Brioche23|talk]]) 23:33, 20 December 2024 (UTC) ==Thank you for being a medical contributors!== <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|130px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''The 2024 Cure Award''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |In 2024 you '''[[mdwiki:WikiProjectMed:WikiProject_Medicine/Stats/Top_medical_editors_2024_(all)|were one of the top medical editors in your language]]'''. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We really appreciate you and the vital work you do! Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider joining for 2025]]''', there are no associated costs. Additionally one of our primary efforts revolves around translating health content. We invite you to '''[https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php try our new workflow]''' if you have not already. Our dashboard automatically [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php collects statistics] of your efforts and we are working on [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/fixwikirefs.php tools to automatically improve formating]. |} Thanks again :-) -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 06:22, 26 January 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Other_Language_Editors_2024&oldid=28172893 --> ==User== Hi Steven, (CC @[[User:FusionSub|FusionSub]]), I was replying and the comment was deleted; Could be wrong but {{noping|Corotenìa}} screams sock of {{vandal|Rapta999}}, Rapta made it their mission to remove RFD tags from articles they written, Could be wrong though, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 20:36, 5 April 2025 (UTC) :Good observation, although there doesn't seem to be a topic overlap so I wont block them for now.- [[User:FusionSub|<span style="color: #0C6508">FusionSub</span>]] ([[User_talk:FusionSub|Talk page]]) ([[Special:Contributions/FusionSub|Contributions]]) 20:37, 5 April 2025 (UTC) :Someone has just [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Coroten%C3%ACa#April_2025 templated] the user, but the user does not seem to have the intention of desisting from his or her vandalism. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991#top|talk]]) 20:38, 5 April 2025 (UTC) ::Okay Fusion no worries, I just realised Coro hasn't created any articles yet; they're just edit warring over an RFD, still screams Rapta but yeah like yourself I'd rather see more than just RFD removals, Thanks, Warm Regards, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 20:42, 5 April 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Davey2010|Davey2010]] Hi Davey2010! the user (Rapta999) you mentioned is only active on Kurdish-related articles and does not even edit other topics, so the probability of them being the same person is 0%. Also Rapta999 is a sock of Bokak99, I have previously filed an SPI about them on the English Wikipedia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sockpuppet_investigations/Bokak99] [[User:Kajmer05|Kajmer05]] ([[User talk:Kajmer05|talk]]) 00:50, 6 April 2025 (UTC) ::It is hard to tell. It is not uncommon for sock masters to make inroads into other topics to cover up their tracks, when they realise that focusing on the same topic area would easily get them spotted. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991#top|talk]]) 00:54, 6 April 2025 (UTC) :::Then I wonder about the CU result. Good night!! [[User:Kajmer05|Kajmer05]] ([[User talk:Kajmer05|talk]]) 01:01, 6 April 2025 (UTC) :::Hey @[[User:Kajmer05|Kajmer05]], Steven has hit the nail on the head - Rapta may well be editing other articles in order to throw us off the scent .... or I/we could be 110% wrong on them both being the same person altogether, Still either way I don't plan on interacting with them unless they start creating non-notable articles and edit warring over templates on those they created, Thanks for replying and making me aware though it's much appreciated, Thanks, Warm Regards, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]</sup> 01:02, 6 April 2025 (UTC) ::::There is Syxrt6333 in the request but I don't think it will match because Syxrt6333 doesn't even use the edit summary. I can say that Bokak99 and Corotenìa match, so somehow (I filed an SPI file about them before, so I know :D) I can't comment much here as I don't know how checkuser works in Simple Wikipedia but as I said let's wait for the CU results, good night! [[User:Kajmer05|Kajmer05]] ([[User talk:Kajmer05|talk]]) 01:13, 6 April 2025 (UTC) :::::I have still not heard back from the CU yet. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991#top|talk]]) 16:12, 7 April 2025 (UTC) insetrpgwfey209duvyikvvr0o5bkmu 3 1143533 10369477 10367146 2025-07-03T11:42:46Z MathXplore 966595 Restored revision 10054267 by [[Special:Contributions/BigKrow|BigKrow]] ([[en:w:User:BrandonXLF/Restorer|Restorer]]) 10369477 wikitext text/x-wiki == October 2024 == [[File:Information.svg|25px|]] Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make changes to the encyclopedia. However, please do not add promotional material to articles or other Wikipedia pages. [[Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not#Wikipedia is not a soapbox|Advertising]] and using Wikipedia to promote a product or [[WP:NPOV|point of view]] is discouraged. Take a look at the [[Wikipedia:Introduction|welcome page]] to learn more about Wikipedia. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-advert1 --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 05:49, 21 October 2024 (UTC) 7waf0edl57st1hut63o5t2n91ijubut 0 1144283 10368744 10117623 2025-07-03T02:26:42Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 typo: duplication 10368744 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox organization | formation = {{start date and age|2003|07|}} | founding_location = [[Leiden]] | affiliations = American Oriental Society, British Institute for the Study of Iraq, Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft | website = {{url|https://iaassyriology.com/}} }} '''The International Association for Assyriology''' ('''IAA''') is a non-profit, non-political organization founded in July 2003 and located in Leiden. It is an organization known for its studies in cuneiform writing, ancient world history and archaeology. Its impact is national, to international or private institutions and to the general public.<ref name=Sallaberger>{{cite web |first=Walther |last=Sallaberger |title=The International Association for Assyriology. Promoting the study of the ancient Near East |date=January 2019 |url=https://iaassyriology.com/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=IAASSYRIOLOGY What is Assyriology? |url=https://iaassyriology.org/}}</ref> The IAA makes an annual congress called the Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale. This meeting is attended by scholars from around the world at a Near Eastern research center.<ref name=Sallaberger/> == References == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Archaeology]] [[Category:International scientific organizations]] jlydrio1z41m3d66pcijv9mh9ht467e 0 1145374 10368436 9972306 2025-07-02T23:07:29Z 2A00:23CC:E80A:AD01:8AA8:88A3:4BB0:ADF7 /* Places */ 10368436 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wikt|Naim}} '''Naim''' can be, == Places == * [[Arab al-Na'im]], a Bedouin-Arab village in northern Israel * [[Bani Na'im]], a Palestinian-Arab town in the [[Judea]] * [[Dar-Naim]], [[Mauritania]] * [[Dhi Na'im District]], in Al Bayda' Governorate, Yemen * [[Kota Darul Naim]], State secretariat building in Malaysia * [[Mexico City Texcoco Airport]], NAIM or NAICM, a partially-built airport cancelled in 2019 * [[Nain (Biblical village)|Nain, Naim]], a village mentioned in New Testament * [[Al Nuaim]], a bedouin tribe in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf * [[Noaim]], a neighbourhood in Manama, capital of Bahrain * [[Qalai Naeem]], village in eastern Afghanistan == Acronyms == * [[Nucleotide Analog Interference Mapping]], a molecular biology technique == People == *[[Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im]] (born 1946), Sudanese lawyer and writer *[[Armon Ben-Naim]] (born 1990), Israeli football player *[[C. M. Naim]] (born 1936), American writer *[[Hussein Naeem]] (d. 2007), Lebanese football player *[[Mohammad Naeem (disambiguation)]], several people *[[Moisés Naím]] (born 1952), Venezuelan writer *[[Omar Naim]] (born 1977), Lebanese film director and screenwriter *[[Ra'anan Naim]] (d. 2009), Israeli politician *[[Yael Naim]] (born 1978), Israeli singer *[[Yuval Naim]] (born 1967), Israeli former football player and manager *[[Yuval Naimy]] (born 1985), Israeli basketball player *[[Nabiul Islam Nayeem]], Bangladeshi cricketer *[[Syed Nayeemuddin]] (born 1944), captain and later coach of the [[India national football team]] *[[Mohammed Nayeemuddin]] (died August 8, 2016), Gangster and Naxal leader *[[Naim ibn Hammad]] (died 843 AD), [[Hadith]] collector *[[Naeem Ahmed]] (born 1952), Pakistani cricketer *[[Na'im Akbar]] (born 1944), American psychologist *[[Naïm Aarab]] (born 1988), Belgian football player *[[Naim Araidi]] (d. 2015), Israeli writer *[[Naim Ateek]] (born 1937), Palestinian priest *[[Naim Attallah]] (1931-2021), Palestinian businessman *[[Naeem Ashraf]] (born 1972), Pakistani cricketer *[[Naim Bey]] (d. 1934), Ottoman bureaucrat *[[Naeem Bokhari]] (born 1948), Pakistani television host and lawyer *[[Naim Dangoor]] (1914–2015), British businessman *[[Naim Farouqi]] (born 1960), Afghan detainee *[[Naim Frashëri]] (d. 1900), Albanian romantic poet *[[Naim Frashëri (actor)]] (d. 1975), Albanian actor *[[Naeem Hashmi]] (d. 1976), Pakistani film actor *[[Na'im ibn Musa]], Iraqi mathematician *[[Na'eem Jeenah]] (born 1965), South African political activist *[[Naïm Kattan]] (d. 2021), Jewish Iraqi-born Canadian writer *[[Naim Khader]] (d. 1981), Palestinian Fatah member *[[Naeem Khan]] (born 1958), American fashion designer *[[Niam Kuchi]] (born 1940), Afghan detainee *[[Naim Krieziu]] (d. 2010), Albanian football player *[[Naim Maloku]] (born 1958), Kosovar politician *[[Naeem Murr]] (born 1965), British novelist *[[Naim Popal]] (born 1954), Afghan musician *[[Naeim Saadavi]] (born 1969), Iranian football player and coach *[[Naim Süleymanoğlu]] (d. 2017), Turkish weightlifter *[[Naim Talu]] (1919–1998), Turkish politician and Prime Minister *[[Naim Terbunja]] (born 1984), Swedish boxer *[[Naimuddin]] (d. 1907), Bengali writer and scholar *[[Naeem Wardak]]. (born 1985), Afghan Taliban spokesperson *[[Nayeem (actor)]] (born 1970), Bangladeshi film actor of the 1990s *[[Nayeem Hasan|Mohammad Nayeem Hasan]] (born 2000), Bangladeshi cricketer *[[Gilaman Wazir]] (real name Hazrat Naeem; d. 2024), Afghan Pashto poet *[[Naim Qassem]], Hezbollah's [[secretary general]] (since 2024) *[[Nayeem (actor)]] (born 1970), Bangladeshi film actor of the 1990s *[[Nayeem Hasan|Mohammad Nayeem Hasan]] (born 2000), Bangladeshi cricketer *[[Nabiul Islam Nayeem]], Bangladeshi cricketer *[[Syed Nayeemuddin]] (born 1944), Indian footballer and football coach *[[Mohammed Nayeemuddin]] (died 2016), Indian gangster and Naxal leader == Other uses == * [[Naim (chat program)]], a messaging and chat software * [[Naim Audio]], a UK manufacturer of audio and hifi equipment * [[Nayeem (name)]], alternative form of the name {{disambig|geo}} 1wvsae966t5ixh70iar0dhfeqhpn6md 0 1145991 10367995 10176509 2025-07-02T17:42:56Z 38.159.51.145 10367995 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Free Willy''''' is a 1993 American family drama film, directed by [[Simon Wincer]], produced by [[Lauren Shuler Donner]] and [[Jennie Lew Tugend]], written by [[Keith A. Walker]] and [[Corey Blechman]] from a story by Walker and distributed by [[Warner Bros. Pictures]] under their [[Family Entertainment]] imprint. The film stars [[Jason James Richter]] in his film debut, [[Lori Petty]], [[Jayne Atkinson]], [[August Schellenberg]], and [[Michael Madsen]] with the eponymous character, Willy, played by [[Keiko (killer whale)|Keiko]]. [[Category:1993 movies]] [[Category:1993 drama movies]] [[Category:1990s adventure movies]] [[Category:American drama movies]] [[Category:Warner Bros. movies]] [[Category:Movies directed by Simon Wincer]] [[Category:Movies set in the United States]] [[Category:Movies set in Oregon]] [[Category:Movies set on islands]] [[Category:Movies about Native Americans]] [[Category:Movies about friendship]] [[Category:Movies about families]] [[Category:Movies about animals]] [[Category:Movies about juvenile delinquency]] [[Category:Movies about adoption]] The story is about a 12-year-old orphaned boy named Jesse who befriends a captive [[Killer whale|orca]], Willy, at an ailing amusement park. When he discovers that the park owner has been planning to dispose of Willy, he hatches a scheme to break Willy out of captivity.{{movie-stub}} rvums51alvm6iyioknh2i0i69jw8ve1 0 1147270 10369268 10099965 2025-07-03T09:13:53Z DannyMalhotra 1209481 10369268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | image = Shreya_Jain.jpg | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2002|02|27}} | birth_place = [[Jaipur]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]] | education = Graduated | occupation = Actress | years_active = 2020 - present | known_for = ''[[Udaariyaan]]'' }} '''Shreya Jain''' is an Indian actress who works in Hindi television. She is best known for her role of Meher Gill in ''[[Udaariyaan]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Singh|first=Simran|title=Shreya Jain would be playing Punjabi kudi Mehar.|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/photo-gallery-udaariyaan-takes-15-year-leap-these-actors-join-sargun-mehta-ravi-dubey-produced-show-3089678/television/photo-gallery-udaariyaan-takes-15-year-leap-these-actors-join-sargun-mehta-ravi-dubey-produced-show-3089678/avinesh-rekhi-as-sarab-3089680|access-date=2024-11-08|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-05-17|title='Udaariyaan' promo: Avinesh Rekhi, Aditi Bhagat's show takes a 15-year leap|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/udaariyaan-promo-avinesh-rekhi-aditi-bhagat-shreya-jains-show-takes-a-15-year-leap-2540570-2024-05-17|access-date=2024-11-08|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-07-03|title=Exclusive - Udaariyaan actress Shreya Jain: Ambition can drive individuals to set and achieve their goals|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-udaariyaan-actress-shreya-jain-ambition-can-drive-individuals-to-set-and-achieve-their-goals/articleshow/111460743.cms|access-date=2024-11-08|issn=0971-8257}}</ref> == Filmography == === Television === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" |- !Year ! scope="col" | Title ! scope="col" | Role ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}} |- |2021 | ''[[Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya (TV series)|Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya]]'' | Aleena | |{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}} |- |2023 - 2024 | ''[[Rabb Se Hai Dua]]'' | Noor Akhtar | |{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}} |- |2024 | ''[[Udaariyaan]]'' | Meher Gill | Lead |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hungama|first=Bollywood|date=2024-05-17|title=Udaariyaan takes a new leap; Aditi Bhagat, Avinesh Rekhi, and Shreya Jain to spin a new love triangle : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/udaariyaan-takes-new-leap-aditi-bhagat-avinesh-rekhi-shreya-jain-spin-new-love-triangle/|access-date=2024-11-08|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-05-22|title=Shreya Jain finds it 'enjoyable' to shoot in Chandigarh's fields for 'Udaariyaan'|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/shreya-jain-finds-it-enjoyable-to-shoot-in-chandigarhs-fields-for-udaariyaan/articleshow/110341803.cms|access-date=2024-11-08|issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Shreya Jain essaying the role of Meher: I was really inspired by Isha Malviya’s character in Udaariyaan|url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/India/shreya-jain-essaying-the-role-of-meher-i-was-really-inspired-by-isha-malviya-s-character-in-udaariyaan-she-did-a-phenomenal-job/ar-BB1o6Myf?apiversion=v2&noservercache=1&domshim=1&renderwebcomponents=1&wcseo=1&batchservertelemetry=1&noservertelemetry=1|access-date=2024-11-08|website=www.msn.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Shreya Jain: “I was really inspired by Isha Malviya’s character in Udaariyaan”|url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/shreya-jain-i-was-really-inspired-by-isha-malviyas-character-in-udaariyaan_208099|access-date=2024-11-08|website=India Forums|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Shreya Jain finds it 'enjoyable' to shoot in Chandigarh's fields for 'Udaariyaan'|url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/entertainment/shreya-jain-finds-it-enjoyable-to-shoot-in-chandigarhs-fields-for-udaariyaan/|access-date=2024-11-08|website=www.lokmattimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-06-08|title='उडारियां' से धूम मचाएगी छोटे शहर की लड़की, प्रियंका चौधरी-ईशा मालवीय को छोड़ेगी पीछे?|url=https://www.aajtak.in/entertainment/television/story/udaariyaan-15-year-leap-actress-shreya-jain-on-comparison-with-priyanka-chahar-chaudhary-isha-malviya-tmovb-1960792-2024-06-08|access-date=2024-11-08|website=आज तक|language=hi}}</ref> |- |2024 - 2025 | ''[[Iss Ishq Ka Rabb Rakha]]'' | Adrija Sen | Lead |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fahmaan Khan and Shreya Jain. she captioned the pictures as Iss ishq ka rabb rakha|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/iss-ishq-ka-rabb-rakha-s-jyoti-mukerji-shares-some-fun-bts-glimpses-her-show-check-it|access-date=2024-11-08|website=www.tellychakkar.com|language=en}}</ref> |- |} == References == <references /> == Other websites == *{{Instagram|id=shreyapatni27}} {{Actor-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jain, Shreya}} [[Category:Indian actors]] [[Category:People from Rajasthan]] [[Category:2002 births]] tnmx9l9bojs3iv8i8ofawvd91sqx8l2 0 1147724 10367944 10350510 2025-07-02T17:07:40Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C categories break up 10367944 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Ni Hao, Kai-Lan''''' is an [[United States|American]]-[[China|Chinese]] [[animated]] [[children's television series]] produced by [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]]. It began as a series of three interstitial shorts on [[Nick Jr]]. called Downward Doghouse.[2] The first full episode was initially set to premiere on October 22, 2007[3][4] on [[Nickelodeon]]'s [[Nick Jr]]. block in the United States, but was delayed to Novemeber 5, 2007, coinciding with [[Chinese New Year|Thankgiving]].[3] The Theme song is sung by [[Jade-Lianna Peters]]. [[Category:Chinese animated television series]] [[Category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:2000s American children's television series]] [[Category:2000s American television series debuts]] [[Category:2008 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2010s American animated television series]] [[Category:2010s American children's television series]] [[Category:American animated television series]] [[Category:American children's television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:Nick Jr. original programming]] hvkvkg7m5ve8bebth5pqrb5ru82ynn0 10368193 10367944 2025-07-02T20:14:41Z 2603:7083:3301:7583:5C6:2120:7677:38DA 10368193 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Ni Hao, Kai-Lan''''' is an [[United States|American]]-[[China|Chinese]] [[animated]] [[children's television series]] produced by [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]]. It began as a series of three interstitial shorts on [[Nick Jr]]. called Downward Doghouse.[2] The first full episode was initially set to premiere on October 22, 2007[3][4] on [[Nickelodeon]]'s [[Nick Jr]]. block in the United States, but was delayed to Novemeber 5, 2007, coinciding with [[Chinese New Year|Thankgiving]].[3] The Theme song is sung by [[Jade-Lianna Peters]]. ==Events== *Ni Hao, Kai-Lan Premiere Week (hosted by Tyrone and Pablo from The Backyardigans on Friday) [[Category:Chinese animated television series]] [[Category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:2000s American children's television series]] [[Category:2000s American television series debuts]] [[Category:2008 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2010s American animated television series]] [[Category:2010s American children's television series]] [[Category:American animated television series]] [[Category:American children's television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:Nick Jr. original programming]] 59z5q11fltg8hdzg29poroisq56menn 10368195 10368193 2025-07-02T20:15:14Z Igor123121 1293570 Undid revision 10368193 by [[Special:Contributions/2603:7083:3301:7583:5C6:2120:7677:38DA|2603:7083:3301:7583:5C6:2120:7677:38DA]] ([[User talk:2603:7083:3301:7583:5C6:2120:7677:38DA|talk]]) Unsourced 10368195 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Ni Hao, Kai-Lan''''' is an [[United States|American]]-[[China|Chinese]] [[animated]] [[children's television series]] produced by [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]]. It began as a series of three interstitial shorts on [[Nick Jr]]. called Downward Doghouse.[2] The first full episode was initially set to premiere on October 22, 2007[3][4] on [[Nickelodeon]]'s [[Nick Jr]]. block in the United States, but was delayed to Novemeber 5, 2007, coinciding with [[Chinese New Year|Thankgiving]].[3] The Theme song is sung by [[Jade-Lianna Peters]]. [[Category:Chinese animated television series]] [[Category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:2000s American children's television series]] [[Category:2000s American television series debuts]] [[Category:2008 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2010s American animated television series]] [[Category:2010s American children's television series]] [[Category:American animated television series]] [[Category:American children's television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:Nick Jr. original programming]] hvkvkg7m5ve8bebth5pqrb5ru82ynn0 0 1147882 10369418 10365437 2025-07-03T11:17:05Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 redirect 10369418 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Byzantium (album)]] mggxxq6xu1fxczx2xfmi0q9225bczyf 0 1148750 10368358 10174898 2025-07-02T22:18:14Z Ferien 1011873 Redirected page to [[Windows XP#Editions]] 10368358 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Windows XP#Editions]] rkn0he2xltcex8e6lim2sl8siged1p6 0 1151286 10368337 10168557 2025-07-02T22:04:28Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 Grammar: doubled redundant "the" displayed next to each other 10368337 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:MaxAllanCollinsLeslieNielsen1982 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Leslie Nielsen]] played Detective Frank Drebin in [[The Naked Gun|''The Naked Gun'' franchise]]]] '''Frank Drebin''' is a fictional character in the ''[[Police Squad!]]'' television series and ''[[The Naked Gun]]'' movies. He is played by [[Leslie Nielsen]].<ref>{{cite news|first1=Vincent|last1=Canvy|first2=Peter M.|last2=Nichols|first3=A. O.|last3=Scott|title=The New York Times Guide to the Best 1,000 Movies Ever Made|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=55qlWjbs14sC&dq=%22Frank+Drebin%22+%22Leslie+Nielsen%22&pg=PA687|publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]]|location=New York City|date=2004|page=687|isbn=9780312326111 }}</ref> Drebin first appeared in the six episodes that were aired of the 1982 ''Police Squad!'' series on [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]. Drebin is a police sergeant who is a detective lieutenant and is a member of the Police Squad task force.<ref name="vulture">{{cite web | title=A Lost Script from the Files of the 'Police Squad!' | url=https://www.vulture.com/2017/07/a-lost-script-from-the-files-of-the-police-squad.html | author=Ramsey Ess | date=July 28, 2017 | access-date=June 21, 2020 | publisher=Vulture | website=vulture.com}}</ref><ref name="policesquad!">{{cite AV media | title=Police Squad! | people=[[Zucker, Abrahams and Zucker]] (producers) | format=DVD | url=https://www.amazon.com/Police-Squad-Complete-Leslie-Nielsen/dp/B000H7JCFK | date=November 7, 2006 | asin=B000H7JCFK}}</ref> The character is based on [[Lee Marvin]] and [[Clint Eastwood]], while scriptwriter [[Pat Proft]] wrote all of Drebin's lines with nothing being improvised.<ref>{{cite web | title=Director David Zucker reflects on The Naked Gun at 30 | url=https://lwlies.com/articles/david-zucker-the-naked-gun-interview-frank-drebin/ | website=[[Little White Lies (magazine)|Little White Lies]] | author=Simon Bland | date=December 2, 2018 | access-date=February 29, 2020}}</ref> In 2008, Drebin was selected by ''[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]'' magazine as number 55 on ''The 100 Greatest Movie Characters of All Time'',<ref>{{cite web | title=The 100 Greatest Movie Characters [2008] | url=http://www.empireonline.com/100-greatest-movie-characters/default.asp?c=55 | date=October 2008 | access-date=February 29, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151012185954/https://www.empireonline.com/100-greatest-movie-characters/default.asp?c=55 | archive-date=October 12, 2015 | url-status=dead | website=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] | publisher=[[Bauer Media Group]] | location=London, England}}</ref> as well as 74 on their newer 2019 list.<ref>{{cite web | title=The 100 Greatest Movie Characters [2019]| url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/100-greatest-movie-characters/ | date=July 31, 2019 | access-date=February 29, 2020 | website=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]]}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Drebin, Frank}} [[Category:The Naked Gun]] [[Category:Fictional police officers]] {{movie-stub}} 2ghr7piiuor4nxxvsq5kceyic7a8oam 0 1152385 10368573 9998779 2025-07-03T00:24:13Z Ferien 1011873 Ferien moved page [[Bolt & Blip]] to [[Bolts and Blip]] without leaving a redirect 9998779 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bolt and Blip''' is an animated comedy action adventure robots television series developed by ToonBox Entertainment. It was shown on Télétoon starting 2010 to 2011. [[Category:Animated television series]] {{TV-stub}} h3dfvi9rbbr1y6weyybcg5v5ebwrkqh 0 1153220 10368624 10295573 2025-07-03T01:10:08Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Personal life */ Typo: duplication 10368624 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Vince Haley | image = Vince Haley Crop.png | office = 24th Director of the [[United States Domestic Policy Council|Domestic Policy Council]] | president = [[Donald Trump]] | term_start = January 20, 2025 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Neera Tanden]] | successor = | birth_date = {{birth based on age as of date|48|2015|1|21}} | birth_place = [[Virginia]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | education = [[College of William & Mary]]<br>[[University of Virginia]]<br>[[College of Europe]] }} '''Vince Haley''' (born {{birth based on age as of date|48|2015|1|21|noage=1}})<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://richmond.com/news/local/government-politics/gingrich-ally-haley-seeks-stoschs-senate-seat/article_ea2848ac-f413-5975-98d7-9f4834c1685d.html|newspaper=[[Richmond Times-Dispatch]]|title=Gingrich ally Haley seeks Stosch's Senate seat|date=January 21, 2015|author=Nolan, Jim|via=[[archive.ph]]|access-date=December 15, 2024|archive-date=November 27, 2024|archive-url=https://archive.today/20241127200819/https://richmond.com/news/local/government-politics/gingrich-ally-haley-seeks-stoschs-senate-seat/article_ea2848ac-f413-5975-98d7-9f4834c1685d.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> is an American speechwriter and political advisor. He is the Director of the [[United States Domestic Policy Council|Domestic Policy Council]] since 2025 as part of the second [[Donald Trump]] administration. ==Political career== Haley became involved with politics after the [[September 11 attacks]] in 2001.<ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto3"/> He worked with former Speaker of the House [[Newt Gingrich]].<ref name="auto1">{{Cite news|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/5011438-trump-speechwriter-vince-haley-domestic-policy-council-chief/|newspaper=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|title=Trump names speechwriter Vince Haley as Domestic Policy Council chief |author=Timotija, Filip|date=November 26, 2024}}</ref> He was the vice president of policy for Gingrich's American Solutions organization and also worked as a research director for the [[American Enterprise Institute]].<ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto2"/> Haley wrote multiple books with Gingrich and also worked on his documentary movie ''[[Ronald Reagan]]: Rendezvous with Destiny''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.axios.com/2024/05/26/trump-campaign-policy-stephen-miller-newt-gingrich|agency=[[Axios (website)|Axios]]|author=Thompson, Alex; Cai, Sophia|date=May 26, 2024|title=Trump's new policy wonks are proteges of Stephen Miller and Newt Gingrich}}</ref> When Gingrich ran for president in [[2012 United States presidential election|2012]], Haley was his campaign manager.<ref name="auto"/> Haley ran for the [[Virginia Senate]] in 2015. He lost the Republican nomination.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Vince_Haley|website=[[Ballotpedia]]|title=Vince Haley}}</ref> ===Trump administration=== In 2016, he worked for [[Donald Trump]]'s [[Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign|presidential campaign]].<ref name="auto2"/> After Trump won the election, Haley was appointed to his White House policy team, working with [[Stephen Miller (political advisor)|Stephen Miller]]. Haley was one of the two main speechwriters for Trump during his presidency. He helped write Trump's [[State of the Union]] addresses.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/03/us/politics/trump-state-of-the-union.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=February 3, 2020|title=The State of the Union Is Trump’s Biggest Speech. Who Writes It?|author=Rogers, Katie}}</ref> Haley was one of Trump's main speechwriters in 2024, working for his [[Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign|2024 presidential campaign]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/inside-trumps-election-a-team-lean-mean-largely-unseen-2024-02-01/|agency=[[Reuters]]|date=February 1, 2024|title=Trump's election A-team: Lean, mean and largely unseen|author=Ulmer, Alexandra; Layne, Nathan; Holland, Steve}}</ref> After Trump won the 2024 election, Haley was picked to be the director of the [[United States Domestic Policy Council]].<ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto1"/> ==Personal life== Haley was born in [[Virginia]].<ref name="auto3">{{Cite news|url=https://richmond.com/opinion/column/12th-district-senate-candidate-vince-haley/article_2c2a0a87-c1ad-5683-8cfe-eead89242973.html|newspaper=[[Richmond Times-Dispatch]]|via=[[archive.ph]]|title=12th District Senate candidate: Vince Haley|author=Haley, Vince|date=May 31, 2015|access-date=December 15, 2024|archive-date=November 27, 2024|archive-url=https://archive.today/20241127200513/https://richmond.com/opinion/column/12th-district-senate-candidate-vince-haley/article_2c2a0a87-c1ad-5683-8cfe-eead89242973.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> He studied at the [[College of William & Mary]], [[University of Virginia]] and at the [[College of Europe]].<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.wm.edu/news/stories/2017/wm-alumnus-to-serve-in-white-house.php|publisher=[[College of William & Mary]]|title=W&M alumnus to serve in White House|date=January 11, 2017}}</ref> Haley lives in [[Henrico County, Virginia]]. He is married to Bethany Haley and they have four children.<ref name="auto"/> ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Haley, Vince}} [[Category:1960s births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Writers from Virginia]] [[Category:Politicians from Virginia]] [[Category:Republican Party (United States) politicians]] {{US-bio-stub}} {{Second Trump cabinet}} 1kg0he00gu81x9znnghsqrrghissn22 0 1153938 10368178 9932903 2025-07-02T20:03:45Z 69.145.60.185 Fixed typos. 10368178 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Teatro de revista.JPG|thumb|A revue show in [[Cordoba, Argentina|Cordoba]], [[Argentina]].]] [[File:'La revue de Marigny' dessin de Marevéry Yves btv1b53129857f.jpg|thumb|Advert for a revue, of 1908]] A '''revue''' is a form of theatrical performance: Several actors, perform on stage. Like the [[operetta]], and the [[Musical theater|musical]], the actors perform and dance on stage, before an audience.Unlike these two, there is no link between the different parts or pieces. They might be on a common theme. Usually, a person guides through the program, and announces he next performance. The different pieces are called numbers. and there may be [[Number girl|number girls]] announcing them. The form of theatrical performance called [[Kabarett]] is very similar. [[Category:Performing arts]] {{stub}} 7wmbaccv8a9w7eetwmb7h3pi2vl30qq 10368179 10368178 2025-07-02T20:04:18Z 69.145.60.185 formatting 10368179 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Teatro de revista.JPG|thumb|A revue show in [[Cordoba, Argentina|Cordoba]], [[Argentina]].]] [[File:'La revue de Marigny' dessin de Marevéry Yves btv1b53129857f.jpg|thumb|Advert for a revue, of 1908]] A '''revue''' is a form of theatrical performance: Several actors, perform on stage. Like the [[operetta]], and the [[Musical theater|musical]], the actors perform and dance on stage, before an audience. Unlike these two, there is no link between the different parts or pieces. They might be on a common theme. Usually, a person guides through the program, and announces he next performance. The different pieces are called numbers. and there may be [[Number girl|number girls]] announcing them. The form of theatrical performance called [[Kabarett]] is very similar. [[Category:Performing arts]] {{stub}} cebmhwxcjl55m042jequb9bjfj9ndxt 2 1155770 10367820 10366953 2025-07-02T15:48:02Z CopyPatrolBot 1338164 567 open reports 10367820 wikitext text/x-wiki 567 by1b6o6yuagjwmz55eab1rfam6t7yq1 10368314 10367820 2025-07-02T21:50:09Z CopyPatrolBot 1338164 568 open reports 10368314 wikitext text/x-wiki 568 g4ry867heus9eu2mn25pk8keembsb5g 0 1156156 10367879 9963717 2025-07-02T16:25:39Z 50.29.112.32 10367879 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fragma''' is a [[Germany|German]] vocal trance music group, originally comprising three producers. The group was successful in the early 2000s when they released several singles that charted successfully across [[Europe]], especially the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Ireland]], but also found some success in the [[United States]] and [[Australia]]. They continued to produce music until 2012 following the departure of vocalist [[:en:Damae|Damae]]. After several years of hiatus, Fragma recruited a new vocalist in 2017, Tess, to front the group.x {{DEFAULTSORT:Fragma}} [[Category:German musical groups]] {{music-stub}} bguhi4aacolbrfmr0ehqjhj0ztyon7p 10367880 10367879 2025-07-02T16:25:47Z 50.29.112.32 Wow 10367880 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fragma''' is a [[Germany|German]] vocal trance music group, originally comprising three producers. The group was successful in the early 2000s when they released several singles that charted successfully across [[Europe]], especially the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Ireland]], but also found some success in the [[United States]] and [[Australia]]. They continued to produce music until 2012 following the departure of vocalist [[:en:Damae|Damae]]. After several years of hiatus, Fragma recruited a new vocalist in 2017, Tess, to front the group. {{DEFAULTSORT:Fragma}} [[Category:German musical groups]] {{music-stub}} morpjflrujarwd2gu0t1hzql6ny7tnn 0 1156157 10367875 9963716 2025-07-02T16:25:01Z 50.29.112.32 10367875 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Groove Coverage''' is a [[Germany|German]] dance music group which consists of Axel Konrad, DJ Novus, [[:en:Melanie Munch|Melanie Munch]], better known as Mell (lead singer), and Verena Rehm (former stage performer, backing singer, occasional lead singer). Producers of the band are Ole Wierk and Axel Konrad. The project was founded in the summer of 2001 by DJ Novus, in co-operation with Suprime Music (Konrad). With eleven singles in the German Top 50 and over 13 million records sold worldwide, Groove Coverage is one of the most successful German dance artists.ss [[File:GrooveCoverage 7Years Album.jpg|thumb|Mell & DJ Novus]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Groove Coverage}} [[Category:German musical groups]] {{music-stub}} na9dxkf3cb6eqks9qdzvw3mdg84vjw1 10367876 10367875 2025-07-02T16:25:09Z 50.29.112.32 Wow 10367876 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Groove Coverage''' is a [[Germany|German]] dance music group which consists of Axel Konrad, DJ Novus, [[:en:Melanie Munch|Melanie Munch]], better known as Mell (lead singer), and Verena Rehm (former stage performer, backing singer, occasional lead singer). Producers of the band are Ole Wierk and Axel Konrad. The project was founded in the summer of 2001 by DJ Novus, in co-operation with Suprime Music (Konrad). With eleven singles in the German Top 50 and over 13 million records sold worldwide, Groove Coverage is one of the most successful German dance artists. [[File:GrooveCoverage 7Years Album.jpg|thumb|Mell & DJ Novus]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Groove Coverage}} [[Category:German musical groups]] {{music-stub}} s1th4nladkl2zctlx9w2pcur7hx7j0h 10367895 10367876 2025-07-02T16:35:55Z BigKrow 1386969 Added {{[[Template:no sources|no sources]]}} tag to article ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{no sources|date=July 2025}} '''Groove Coverage''' is a [[Germany|German]] dance music group which consists of Axel Konrad, DJ Novus, [[:en:Melanie Munch|Melanie Munch]], better known as Mell (lead singer), and Verena Rehm (former stage performer, backing singer, occasional lead singer). Producers of the band are Ole Wierk and Axel Konrad. The project was founded in the summer of 2001 by DJ Novus, in co-operation with Suprime Music (Konrad). With eleven singles in the German Top 50 and over 13 million records sold worldwide, Groove Coverage is one of the most successful German dance artists. [[File:GrooveCoverage 7Years Album.jpg|thumb|Mell & DJ Novus]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Groove Coverage}} [[Category:German musical groups]] {{music-stub}} ppxsie2ocg66vv4q6gicynxu1ildkut 0 1156875 10367954 10322255 2025-07-02T17:13:35Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ CA-EN 10367954 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = | caption = | genre = {{Plainlist| * [[Crime movie|Crime drama]] }} | creator = [[Chris Haddock]] | executive_producer = {{Plainlist| * Chris Haddock * Laszlo Barna }} | starring = [[Nicholas Campbell]]<br>[[Suleka Mathew]]<br>[[Sarah-Jane Redmond]]<br>[[Donnelly Rhodes]]<br>[[Venus Terzo]]<br>[[Camille Sullivan]]<br>[[Ian Tracey]]<br>[[Gwynyth Walsh]]<br>[[Robert Wisden]] | opentheme = "Da Vinci's Inquest Opening Theme" by Tim McCauley | country = Canada | language = English | num_seasons = 7 | num_episodes = 91 | runtime = 45 minutes | company = {{Plainlist| * [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] * Haddock Entertainment * [[Entertainment One|Barna-Alper Productions]] * [[Alliance Atlantis|Alliance Atlantis Productions]] }} | network = {{Plainlist| * [[CBC Television]] * Syndication * <small>(2005–2006)</small> }} | first_aired = {{Start date|1998|10|07}} | last_aired = {{End date|2005|01|23}} }} '''''Da Vinci's Inquest''''' is a Canadian [[Crime movie|crime drama]] series produced by the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] for the [[CBC Television]]. It starred [[Nicholas Campbell]]. The show ran from October 7, 1998 until January 23, 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/da-vinci-cancelled-1.628887|access-date=December 20, 2024|title='Da Vinci' cancelled|publisher=History of Canadian Broadcasting}}</ref> The show centers around a [[coroner]] and former [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police|RCMP]] undercover officer named Dominic Da Vinci. He travels around the city of [[Vancouver]] and trys to help investigate crimes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://broadcasting-history.ca/da-vincis-inquest/|access-date=December 20, 2024|title=Da Vinci’s Inquest|website=broadcasting-history.ca|publisher=History of Canadian Broadcasting}}</ref> A [[spin-off]] titled ''[[Da Vinci's City Hall]]'' was broadcast on CBC Television. It focused on Da Vinci and his political career after he became the mayor of Vancouver. It ran from October 25, 2005 until February 28, 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/da-vincis-autopsy/article1095459/|access-date=December 20, 2024|title=Da Vinci's autopsy|publisher=[[The Globe and Mail]]}}</ref> Nicholas Campbell won the [[Gemini Award]] for Best Performance in a Continuing Leading Dramatic Role for his role as Da Vinci. For five out of six seasons, the show won the Gemini Award for Best Dramatic Series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://playbackonline.ca/1999/11/15/27301-19991115/|access-date=December 20, 2024|title=Gemini winners, Nov 1999|website=playbackonline.ca|publisher=Playback}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=CBC's DaVinci's Inquest tops Gemini nominations|last=McKay|first=John|date=20 September 2000|newspaper=[[Waterloo Region Record]]|page=E8}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://playbackonline.ca/2001/11/12/gem-20011112/|access-date=December 20, 2024|title=2001 Gemini Winners|website=playbackonline.ca|publisher=Playback}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2002/tv/news/canada-sweeps-geminis-1117873274/|access-date=December 20, 2024|title=Canada Sweeps Geminis|publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://playbackonline.ca/2004/11/22/geminis-20041122/|access-date=December 20, 2024|title=Gemini Special Awards winners announced|website=playbackonline.ca|publisher=Playback}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{Official|http://www.davincisinquest.com/}} *{{IMDb title|0156442}} {{multistub|TV|Canada}} [[Category:1998 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2005 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:Canadian crime drama television series]] [[Category:Canadian English-language television shows]] [[Category:Legal television series]] dll6giexsk1zhjmvuw8yk87tqwc2u34 0 1156978 10368735 10073634 2025-07-03T02:24:06Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 typo: duplication 10368735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airline | airline = Air Congo | logo = | logo_caption = | image = | image_size = | caption = | IATA = 8Z<ref name="route"/> | ICAO = | callsign = | founded = 2024 | commenced = {{start date and age|2024|12|01|df=yes}} | aoc = | hubs = {{nowrap|[[N'djili Airport]]}} | services = | alliance = | fleet_size = 2 | destinations = 6 {{labeldata|Owner|{{nowrap|[[Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|DRC Government]] (51%)}}<br>[[Ethiopian Airlines]] (49%)}} | traded_as = | headquarters = [[Kinshasa]], [[DR Congo]] | key_people = Mesfin Biru Weldegeorgis ([[Director General]])<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nelly Fualdes and Romain Gras |title=DRC: what we know about Air Congo, the future national flag |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1613067/economie-entreprises/rdc-ce-que-lon-sait-dair-congo-le-futur-pavillon-national/ |access-date=3 December 2024 |agency=jeuneafrique |date=25 September 2024}}</ref> | founder = | founders = | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | profit = | assets = | equity = US$ 40 million<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://africa-news-agency.com/aerial-air-congo-launch-in-december-2024/ |title=Aerial : Air Congo launch in december 2024 |last= |first= |date=27 September 2024 |website= |publisher=Africa News Agency |access-date=13 November 2024 |quote=}}</ref> | num_employees = | website = | notes = }} '''Air Congo''' is the new Flag Carrier of the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) headquartered in [[Kinshasa]] it has its hub at the N`Dijili airport the airline was launched in 1 December 2024 and commenced its operations on December 9 of the same year on the same day the inauguration flight from N'djili Airport to Lubumbashi International Airport occurred the flight was made by a [[Boeing 737]] that was leased from [[Ethiopian Airlines]].<ref name="timesaerospace">{{Cite web |url=https://www.timesaerospace.aero/news/air-transport/air-congo-set-for-december-launch |title=Air Congo set for December launch |last= |first= |date=6 November 2024 |website= |publisher=Times Aerospace |access-date=13 November 2024 |quote=}}</ref> == Destinations == {|class="sortable wikitable" |- !Country !City !Airport !Notes !class="unsortable" |Refs |- | DRC || [[Goma]] || [[Goma International Airport]] || || align=center|<ref name="route">{{Cite web |url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/241111-et8zdec24 |title=Air Congo/Ethiopian Airlines Outlines Planned Network From Dec 2024 |last= |first= |date=11 November 2024 |website= |publisher=Aeroroutes |access-date=13 November 2024 |quote=}}</ref> |- | DRC || [[Kalemie]] || [[Kalemie Airport]] || || align=center|<ref name="route"/> |- | DRC || [[Kinshasa]] || [[N'djili Airport]] || {{Airline hub}} || align=center|<ref name="route"/> |- | DRC || [[Kisangani]] || [[Kisangani Bangoka International Airport]] || || align=center|<ref name="route"/> |- | DRC || [[Kolwezi]] || [[Kolwezi Airport]] || || align=center|<ref name="route"/> |- | DRC || [[Lubumbashi]] || [[Lubumbashi International Airport]] || || align=center|<ref name="route"/> |- | DRC || [[Mbuji-Mayi]] || [[Mbuji Mayi Airport]] || || align=center|<ref name="route"/> |} ==Fleet== {| class=wikitable style="margin:auto;text-align:center" |- ! rowspan="2" | Aircraft ! rowspan="2" style="width:60px;" | Number ! rowspan="2" style="width:40px;" | Orders ! colspan="3" class="unsortable" | Passengers ! rowspan="2" | Notes |- ! style="width:25px;" | J ! style="width:25px;" | Y ! style="width:25px;" | Total |- |[[Boeing 737-800]] |2 |&mdash; | | | | [[Aircraft lease|Leased]] from Ethiopian Airlines |- !Total !2 !&mdash; ! ! ! ! |} ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Airlines of Africa]] [[Category:Kinshasa]] [[Category:Organizations based in the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[Category:2024 establishments]] [[Category:2020s establishments in Africa]] 9n5ai3ie4n6cfac0dz6mb3zouacy9y4 10 1157072 10368952 10082906 2025-07-03T04:34:56Z 病毒四川警察学院 1636030 10368952 wikitext text/x-wiki *https://dongtaiwang.com *“二级精神残疾”女子玩游戏充值130000余[[元]]，澎湃介入后退款，浙江互联网法院，执行刑：鬼子木马化腾欠300000不还 *'''021-962866上线'''原电话4009-20-4009停用764位解放军战士学员被所谓铁路运输“人民法院”非法判刑，'''164位被迫害离世'''，其中，有97人是在被[[绑架]]和长期骚扰迫害中含冤离世的https://direct.usagm.gov/user/create 美国司法部的声明说，司法部、联邦调查局、海军刑事调查局、国务院和财政部当天宣布他们展开了有协调的努力，打破和震慑这12名中国公民的恶意网络行动。这12人包括中国公安部的两名警官、名义上私营的中华人民共和国公司安洵信息技术有限公司(Anxun Information Technology Co. Ltd.，又称i-Soon)[https://msguancha.com/plus/list.php?tid=33] http://www.minghui.org/mh/articles/2025/1/11/2024%E5%B9%B4%E8%8E%B7%E7%9F%A55692%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95%E8%BD%AE%E5%8A%9F%E5%AD%A6%E5%91%98%E8%A2%AB%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B1%E7%BB%91%E6%9E%B6%E9%AA%9A%E6%89%B0%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3-488181.html 0791-12333 02112309'''上海高院对“小红楼案”做出审判： 主犯赵富强，判处死缓、并限制减刑''' 这有啥？我当年做小姐 上门服务的那种 快过年了 被客人直接把包拎走了 包里面现金 银行卡3张 手机 两部 全都没了 我去派出所报案 警察说你自己干什么的也不是不知道？ 他们意思不抓又咋样 我自己还没自知之明吗？ 让我自己把客人骗出来自己抓 最吓人的是 案发当天晚上 我的银行卡在没有密码的情况下 直接短信通知我钱银行卡里的??被取走了 因为我三部手机 被偷的两部在包里 自己幸运的身上衣服口袋里正好还有一部 我半夜伤心的睡不着 报警了警察不管 叫我自己抓 所以??被盗刷我短信听见了 直接打电话工商银行冻结我银行卡 真欲哭无泪 坐标上海 人贩子入室抢劫避孕套用不法“8601012389”扫黑： 　2013年4月底，受聘到西安市未央凤城二路一家会馆工作“在我任职的（2013年）4月27日至5月15日左右，这家会馆是一家正规的足疗会馆。5月15日店里换了一个新店长后便开始了涉黄违法经营项目，对男客人的隐私部位进行色情按摩，我在检查卫生时多次看见过，还发现有使用过的避孕套。”杨银宝说，自己当时给老板解某莉说这是违法行为，“老板说自己警 “我女朋友被带回西安之后，被控制在离西安市刑侦局不远的宾馆里3个多月。而大伤未愈生活不能自理的我，却被警方以诽谤罪的罪名强行绑到担架上抬到拘留所。”杨银宝说，时至今日，自己和女朋友及家属都没收到过拘留通知书 https://www.google.com.hk/search?q=%E7%81%B0%E9%B8%BD%E5%AD%90%E6%BA%90%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81 '''每小时免费领取(价值二十五万源代码)'''http://www.thaigov.go.th/ 卸载tencent游戏、特洛伊远程控制wechat（马化腾病毒）爱国主义性教育运动https://bing.com/translator https://translate.google.com/?hl=zh-CN 022119、0379119 上海“钓鱼”执法事件被媒体报道以后，引起上海主要领导的重视。 上海市委主要领导明确指出，要坚决取消不正当的执法方式，立即纠正这种执法错误（未央法院使用安康医院滥捕夫、妻一案提交01012368审理督促返还受害者被绑架骗700000房租） 钓鱼抓嫖两男子冒充警察“钓鱼抓嫖”被判刑 西安媒体经过长时间暗访，曝光出该地“警察”与“站街女”联手“主演”的“钓鱼执法”，这一事件引起了社会广泛关注：刘长乐 退出共青团不法反人类组织保平安，'''警惕旧社会烂屁股苍蝇人贩子入室抢劫拐你家处男： 男子把这事情发到了网上，他说车站广场有多位大妈搭讪乘客招嫖，有武警巡逻， 但也不管！ 人贩子郑州车站性工作人员''' https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E8%85%90%E8%B4%A5%E6%A1%88%E4%BB%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8 1980年代末， 东北内蒙古煤炭工业联合公司基建局副局长、党组副书记姚志武，先后两次收受基建工程承包单位“回扣”费两万元，这位40年代入党的老党员因此入狱。[16] 大庆石化总厂原副厂长关文彬和李克祥，在帮助他人购买紧俏石化产品时，分别收受贿赂达27000多元和12000多元，双双入狱 '''紧急通知：如身边有同学不幸被020-119犯罪分子非法安装洗钱工具DNF、wechat、vpn病毒特征码湖北高院360小米或tencent腾讯游戏病毒请立即左手挡住前置摄像头，右手拖动入垃圾筒帮助他外婆健康'''，被“安康医院”迫害排队非法采集精子骗色人贩子考试每次100分原因 010-119、01012309、021119 经查1998年以来马化腾、雷军使用蝇营狗苟湖北高院、深圳中院等不法组织0元购'''将开源灰鸽子打包成所谓小米摄像头“金山毒霸”诈骗'''超过人民币10万元数额巨大，应判死刑缓期执行，没收全部财产平均分配给被骗充值所谓蓝钻不亮客户（按诈骗罪澳门检察、法院提起刑事诉讼） r18 '''《2024年世界卫生统计》报告显示，2020年和2021年，新冠疫情分别导致410万人和880万人死亡 两年的相关死亡为1490 万人 责令退市，所谓“市值”均分给2000万逝者家属''' https://www.judiciary.hk kf.qq.com/product/group.html#hid=1249 *深圳鸡奸、雷军、李长春儿子组成攻守同盟使用tencent非法将0元灰鸽子远程控制[[delphi]]源码免费下产品卖1万亿： *灾害十分严重，1900年至今死于地震的人数已超过了70 万人，约占同期全世界地震死亡人数的一半。 ... 天津、太原、西安、兰州等大城市八度区内买10年5位GG号保平安：https://www.godaddy.com/zh-sg *天津市也有大約24000人傷亡https://namecheap.com 新加坡法院按诈骗罪终审死全家恶心人基佬盖猪狗不如“安康医院”父母烂屁股绑匪：https://10000.qzone.qq、10001.qzone.qq、10002.qzone.qq、10003.qzone.qq、10004.qzone.qq、10005.qzone.qq、8601012389、075512388、075512368使用基层法院、深圳中院招摇撞骗 *例如1976年的[[中华人民共和国]][[河北省|河北]][[唐山大地震]]。<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=基礎地球科學上|last=|first=|publisher=全華出版社|year=2014|isbn=|editor-last=王|editor-first=-{乾盈}-|location=新北市|pages=180|at=|language=}}</ref> '''联合国安理会全票一致谴责'''：火葬场入它马的狗逼屁股tencent1000把猎枪强制执行它媳妇卖批换13块瓜子 [[中国地震列表|历史记录中]]傷亡最严重的地震是1556年1月23日发生在[[中华人民共和国|中国]][[明朝]][[陕西]]的[[嘉靖大地震]]，現代考證當年死亡45萬人。<ref >[https://www.fuzhou.gov.cn/zgfzzt/fzjzzl/fzjzzl/kpzs/201609/t20160930_212696.htm 中国历史上的大地震] {{Wayback|url=https://www.fuzhou.gov.cn/zgfzzt/fzjzzl/fzjzzl/kpzs/201609/t20160930_212696.htm |date=20240405020327 }},防震减灾中心</ref>1920年[[甘肃]][[海原大地震]]（今宁夏回族自治区中卫市海原县）、1303年[[山西]][[洪洞赵城地震]]、1688年[[山东]][[郯城大地震|临沂大地震]]、四川[[汶川大地震]]都造成了数万至数十万人死亡。 [[File:Mount Kinabalu View (7113338961).jpg|thumb|[[2015年沙巴地震]]后的[[京那巴鲁山]]]]namecheaphttps://douyin.com *夏思思，女，汉族，1990年6月出生，湖北武汉人，生前系协和江北医院（蔡甸区人民医院）消化内科住院医师。新冠肺炎疫情发生以来，夏思思同志主动请战 如身边有同学不幸被020-119犯罪分子非法安装洗钱工具DNF、wechat、vpn病毒特征码湖北高院360小米或tencent腾讯游戏病毒请立即左手挡住前置摄像头，右手拖动入垃圾筒帮助他外婆健康 *[https://www.soundofhope.org/post/862937 李宜雪：目前自己被几十个人控制在宾馆，没有人身自由；通报中许多地方造假，父亲想发澄清视频，却怎么也发不出去，自己也发不出视频；鉴定、送诊都是强制的；事发当晚被六、七十人破门而入，殴打] 经查 烂谷子剁成肉酱半开水煎饺喂81条狗12388公安部用010-12389诈骗电话'''2007年以来使用绑匪安康医院将数十万吉林、云南、广西“高级人民法院”受害者免[[护照]]拐骗至东南亚 造成群众每天70000亿以上损失''' '''时代革命烈士17000家属9天内赔偿执行 *香港高院应立即责令股票代码移动、tencent、小米退市''' 卸载小米、wechat病毒保平安爱国主义性教育 *责令'''非法QQ音乐、病毒移动（冒充所谓“无产阶级”蝇营狗苟）'''香港退市食屎壳郎 https://www.epochtimes.com/gb/24/11/9/n14367520.htm 司法局抖音账号发布视频称，微信会自动举报用户违法行为，并将所谓的“证据”传送给公安机关 ''''''这不是狗特务是啥？？''' 视频中称，“……，团队有敏锐的监管机制，通过截屏、录屏等方式可迅速搜集并保存证据移送公安机关” [https://web.archive.org/web]<ref> 新冠肺炎疫情对全球经济造成的影响可高达8.8万亿美元''' https://www.adb.org ? news ? covid-19 督促每个国家司法部准备枪支无条件释放5.9前深圳罗湖公安局重婚罪蝇营狗苟卫生间水源里绑架的所有人质！ *'''中国体彩开出“55555”给公安部医[保局]恶心人360密盘“安康医院”23,056,924元'''，一等奖中奖注数井喷，有5966注 病毒gwy 拐子上海、榆林“武警”轮奸妇女后有组织强迫妇女卖淫叫嚣用口腔拐骗你家处男： “案号：（2014）未刑初字第00248号” *被告许某某，男，1979年2月7日出生于上海市，汉族，大学文化，系西安[[公安局]]分局韩森寨派出所民警,2013年4月16日因原一审被判[[缓刑]]取保候审，2013年12月13日因案件发回重审继续取保候审。 *被告曹某某，男，1972年9月24日出生于山东省[[曹县]]，汉族，大学文化，系西安市公安局新城分局韩森寨派出所民警 “依据《中华人民共和国刑法》第三百九十七条第一款、第三十七条”之规定，判决如下: 被告许某某犯滥用职权罪，免予刑罚 <ref>南宁西乡塘区检察院</ref> *[[2014年东莞扫黄事件|东莞]] *[[天上人间]]夜总会 被美国驱逐采集拐骗儿童武警罪犯 南宁西乡塘区检察院 {{Navbox | name = Vehicle-ramming attacks | title = [[Vehicle-ramming attack]]s | state = collapsed | bodyclass = hlist |group1 = 20th c. |list1 = * [[Olga Hepnarová|Prague]] (1973) * [[Eugen Grigore case|Ciurea]] (1974) * [[Priscilla Ford|Reno]] (1980) * [[Douglas Crabbe|Uluru]] (1983) * [[Costa Mesa school car attack|Costa Mesa]] (1999) |group4 = 2000s |list4 = * [[2001 Azor attack|Azor]] (2001) * [[2001 Isla Vista killings|Isla Vista]] (2001) * [[2002 Lyon synagogue attack|Lyon]] (2002) * [[2006 UNC SUV attack|UNC]] (2006) * [[2007 Glasgow Airport attack|Glasgow]] (2007) * [[2008 Akihabara massacre|Akihabara]] (2008) * [[2008 Jerusalem bulldozer attack|Jerusalem bulldozer]] * [[2008 Kashgar attack|Kashgar]] * [[2008 Jerusalem BMW attack|Jerusalem BMW]] (2008) * [[2009 attack on the Dutch royal family|Apeldoorn]] (2009) |group5 = 2010s |list5 = * [[2010 Hebei tractor rampage|Hebei]] (2010) * [[2011 Tel Aviv truck attack|Tel Aviv truck]] (2011) * [[2011 Kashgar attacks|Kashgar]] * [[2011 Tel Aviv nightclub attack|Tel Aviv nightclub]] (2011) * [[Murder of Lee Rigby|Woolwich]] (2013) * [[2013 Tiananmen Square attack|Beijing]] (2013) * [[2014 ROC Presidential Office Building truck attack|Taipei]] (2014) * [[May 2014 Ürümqi attack|Urumqi]] * [[2014 Isla Vista killings|Isla Vista]] * [[2014 Jerusalem tractor attack|Jerusalem tractor]] * [[2014 Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu ramming attack|Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu]] * [[October 2014 Jerusalem vehicular attack|Jerusalem]] * [[November 2014 Jerusalem vehicular attack|Jerusalem]] * [[2014 Dijon attack|Dijon]] * [[2014 Nantes attack|Nantes]] (2014) * [[Graz car attack|Graz]] (2015) * [[2015 Oklahoma State University homecoming parade attack|Oklahoma]] (2015) * [[2016 Nice truck attack|Nice]] (2016) * [[Ohio State University attack|Ohio]] * [[2016 Berlin truck attack|Berlin]] (2016) * [[2017 Jerusalem truck attack|Jerusalem]] (2017) * [[January 2017 Melbourne car attack|Melbourne]] * [[2017 Westminster attack|Westminster]] * [[2017 Stockholm truck attack|Stockholm]] * [[2017 Times Square car attack|Times Square]] * [[2017 London Bridge attack|London Bridge]] * [[2017 Finsbury Park attack|Finsbury Park]] * [[June 2017 Champs-Élysées car ramming attack|Paris]] * [[2017 Levallois-Perret attack|Levallois-Perret]] * [[Charlottesville car attack|Charlottesville]] * [[2017 Sept-Sorts car attack|Sept-Sorts]] * [[2017 Barcelona attacks|Barcelona]] * [[2017 Edmonton attack|Edmonton]] * [[2017 New York City truck attack|NYC]] * [[December 2017 Melbourne car attack|Melbourne]] (2017) * [[2018 Münster attack|Munster]] (2018) * [[2018 Toronto van attack|Toronto]] * [[2018 Westminster car attack|Westminster]] * [[2018 Tajikistan tourist attack|Tajikistan]] * [[2018 Mishui vehicle attack|Mishui]] (2018) * [[2019 Tokyo car attack|Tokyo]] (2019) * [[2019 Zaoyang car attack|Zaoyang]] * [[2019 Gush Etzion ramming attack|Gush Etzion]] (2019) |group6 = 2020s |list6 = * [[2020 Volkmarsen ramming attack|Volkmarsen]] ( 2020) * [[List of vehicle-ramming incidents during George Floyd protests|George Floyd protests]] * [[2020 Trier attack|Trier]] (2020) * [[2021 United States Capitol car attack|Washington, D.C.]] (2021) * [[2021 London, Ontario truck attack|London, Ontario]] * [[Killing of Deona Marie Knajdek|Minneapolis]] * [[2021 Novara vehicle-ramming attack|Novara]] * [[Waukesha Christmas parade attack|Waukesha]] (2021) * [[2022 Beersheba attack|Beersheba]] (2022) * [[November 2022 Ariel attack|Ariel]] (2022) * [[2023 Guangzhou car attack|Guangzhou]] (2023) * [[Laval daycare bus crash|Laval]] * [[2023 Ramot Junction attack|Ramot]] * [[2023 Amqui truck attack|Amqui]] * [[2023 Brownsville car attack|Brownsville]] * [[2023 Lafayette Square U-Haul crash|Washington D.C.]] * [[2023 Nottingham attacks|Nottingham]] * [[July 2023 Tel Aviv attack|Tel Aviv]] (2023) * [[2024 Rochester attack|Rochester]] (January 2024) * [[2024 Ra'anana attack|Ra'anana]] (January 2024) * [[2024 Tel Aviv truck attack|Tel Aviv]] (October 2024) * [[2024 Zhuhai car attack|Zhuhai]] (November 2024) * [[2024 Magdeburg car attack|Magdeburg]] https://www.netcourt.gov.cn (December 2024) }}<noinclude> {{navbox documentation}} '''Yang Gongxun''', his father was illegally detained in prison and caused [[disability]]. On the way to appeal, Yang Gongxun was falsely accused by [[Village Party Secretary]] that Yang was mentally ill and was imprisoned in a mental hospital for two years. After they were released, on the 28th of the twelfth lunar month, six people were killed in Pingyang, Zhejiang Province (the reason may have been found, and they were once detained in a mental hospital) and they forcibly imprisoned him and the village chief. Community secretary Bai Mou (the victim, died at the age of 47) and others organized mediation many times, but Yang Gongxun only received part of the mediation money. At 7:50 on January 19, 2023, Yang Gongxun drove a car and hit the vehicle in Pingyang County, killing Bai Mojie, Chen Molu (dyed at the age of 66), Yang Moying (died at the age of 78), and Chen Moulian (died at the age of 73). 6 years old), Yang Moujiu, and Wang Mouyu (died 70 years old) died. Yang Gongxun surrendered after robbing Chen’s car (had a history of mental illness) After being released from prison, he practiced martial arts in accordance with the law. The village party secretary who illegally detained criminals for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder with electric shock was sentenced to death by the Wenzhou Intermediate Court. '''He Zhenhua''''Chongqing [[Changshou County(disambiguation)|Changshou]] is mentally ill (the unprovoked murder in the car is not criminally responsible because he was mentally ill at the time of the crime), the 27-year-old male passenger was killed [[Family that lost his only child]] [[Gu surname|Gu]][[2023]] suffered an unreasonable disaster on May 4 [[K435 train murder case]] ([[Wuchang]]-[[Dongguan]]) was "mentally ill" by a stranger The man broke through the security check and killed a [[controlled knife]]. [[2017]] once injured a worker with a knife and directly caused the company to lose 100,998 yuan (the total medical expenses paid for Ao was about 130,000 yuan). He also had [[drug abuse]] Shi and Shi, who suffered from mental illness, committed murder intentionally after being illegally released by the Bureau of Justice. The Hengyang Railway Transport Court held that He committed an act of killing others and was identified as a mentally ill person who is not criminally responsible according to legal procedures through legal procedures. He's mother, Zhuo Moulan, responded: "When he is released, I will take him home, and then he will be treated in the hospital here (Chongqing) for a long time. After all, I am the guardian. On July 26, 2023, Hengyang Railway Police The department released He after only two months and adopted temporary protective restraint measures. A resident of Changshou, Chongqing said, "The neighbors were also very worried when they were released. I hope the community will also take action to assist in supervision and management. In this way, Only in this way can the tragedy be prevented from happening again. "<ref>[https://www.sohu.com/a/727368338_120347736 The mother of the murderer in the K435 train murder case responded "How to control a son with mental illness]"</ref> '''Li Yixue''''The protagonist of "being mentally ill", a female undergraduate student at Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics [[2022]] was detained by the public security [[Ding Highway Street|Ding Highway]] police station [[Lai surname|Lai]] on April 14 After committing the crime of forcibly touching and kissing [[Obscene]] on bed ([[Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China|Criminal Law]]] Article 237 of the crime of forced indecency, insult, and child molestation stipulates: Using violence, coercion, or other methods to force another person to indecency or Anyone who insults women shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention; whoever gathers a crowd or commits the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph in public in a public place, or if there are other serious circumstances, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years. Those who molest children shall be severely punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs) He was kidnapped and sent to Jiangxi Mental Hospital and then committed an [[illegal detention]] crime. Zhao Yong (police number 011967) and auxiliary police officer Dai Ronghua helped Lai Zhenji commit the obscene crime. As of the end of December 2023, [[judge]] had changed a circle but had not pronounced a sentence? On September 7, 2022, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and the State Supervision Commission decided to give the criminal [[Shen Deyong]]([[1993]]-March 2022 In March, [[Jiangxi Provincial Higher People's Court]] Vice President) [[Expelled from the Party]], dismissed from public office. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%8B%87%E6%95%A2%E6%8F%AD%E8%A2%AB%E8%AD %A6%E5%A3%93%E5%BA%8A%E6%84%9B%E6%92%AB-%E5%8F%8D%E9%81%AD%E9%80%81%E7%B2% BE%E7%A5%9E%E7%97%85%E9%99%A2-%E6%AD%A3%E5%A6%B9%E5%87%BA%E9%99%A2%E5%85%AC %E9%96%8B%E7%B6%81%E5%BA%8A%E7%81%8C%E8%97%A5%E5%85%A7%E5%B9%95-122301686.html |title=Brave Revealed that she was fondled on the bed by the police and was sent to a mental hospital instead. The beautiful girl was discharged from the hospital and disclosed the inside story of being tied to the bed and filled with drugs |access-date=2023-12-25 |archive-date=2023-12-25 |archive-url=https:/ /web.archive.org/web/20231225152335/https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%8B%87%E6%95%A2%E6%8F%AD%E8%A2%AB%E8% AD%A6%E5%A3%93%E5%BA%8A%E6%84%9B%E6%92%AB-%E5%8F%8D%E9%81%AD%E9%80%81%E7%B2 %BE%E7%A5%9E%E7%97%85%E9%99%A2-%E6%AD%A3%E5%A6%B9%E5%87%BA%E9%99%A2%E5%85% AC%E9%96%8B%E7%B6%81%E5%BA%8A%E7%81%8C%E8%97%A5%E5%85%A7%E5%B9%95-122301686.html |dead- url=no }}</ref>In July 2022, an employee of Jiangxi Provincial State-owned Capital Operation Holding Group Co., Ltd. [[Zhou Jie]] (criminal disambiguation) showed off in WeChat Moments, which aroused social concern. He claimed to have met Deputy Hu The provincial governor, in the same month, relevant "investigation" results showed that multiple WeChat posts were fabricated: out of personal bragging rights, "there was no such thing" as a provincial leader passing him cigarettes, [[retired]] One year after leaving office, [[ Vice Chairman of the Jiangxi Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference [[Hu Qiang]] was investigated. ==See related cases== *[[Yang Jia Police Attack Case]], in 2008, six police officers were killed in the Shanghai Public Security Bureau and sentenced to death without a mental illness evaluation (a [[bicycle]] caused the murder), and Beijing mother Wang Jingmei was mentally ill. * Around 9:50 a.m. on June 1, 2010, a shooting occurred at the Lingling District Court in Yongzhou City, Hunan Province. The murderer rushed into the court with a mini-submachine gun and fired at judges and staff. It is now confirmed that three judges were killed and three judges were injured. The murderer committed suicide on the spot. * On November 9, 2012, Wu Xihua, a farmer in Xuan'en, Hubei Province, killed Du Ping, a police officer in Xuan'en County [[Detention Center]] who had beaten him during a traffic accident dispute. He was sentenced to [[suspended death]] due to the deceased's fault.<ref> {{cite web|url=http://news.sohu.com/20130530/n377469141.shtml|title=A villager killed a policeman in the street and was sentenced to a suspended death sentence. The suspect: He stepped on my face with his foot-Sohu News|website=news.sohu .com|access-date=2013-06-02|archive-date=2019-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609145558/http://news.sohu.com /20130530/n377469141.shtml|dead-url=no}}</ref>. == Literature == {{Reflist|30em}} ==External links== *[[Yang Yongxin]] *[[Xi'an Mental Health Center]] The crime of kidnapping a couple "because of mental illness" (announced by Presidential Order No. 83 of the People's Republic of China, Article 239 of the Criminal Law, "kidnapping others for the purpose of extorting property, or kidnapping others as hostages" , imprisonment of more than 10 years or life imprisonment, confiscation of property) illegal detention for 70 days *[[Human Trafficking in the People's Republic of China]] *[[He Dingxiong]]（-2020.6.1） *[[being mentally ill]] *[[Didi Chuxing]][[Hunan University of Technology]] Yang Mouqi, a 19-year-old freshman at the School of Information Engineering, killed the driver and was later illegally released from public view on the basis of "not guilty" due to mental illness. *[[Zhengzhou stewardess murder case]]: Suspected mental illness registration [[Didi Chuxing|Didi Hitchhiker]][[Driver]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Village cadre: Stewardess murder case The suspect Liu Mouhua is suspected of suffering from mental illness|url=https://www.jiemian.com/article/2131011.html|website=Jieemian News|accessdate=2018-05-14|date=2018-05-11|archive -url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180515043958/https://www.jiemian.com/article/2131011.html|archive-date=2018-05-15|dead-url=yes}} </ref>. Before working as a Didi driver, he hit someone with a motorcycle, causing the other person to become a [[vegetative]]. He had threatened to kill someone, was once married, and his mother was mentally ill. <ref>[https://weibo.com/n/Add-on Victim Blog]Jinan[[Stewardess]]</ref> *[[He Xiangjian]] On June 14, 2020, his home in Foshan, Guangdong was entered and robbed by multiple gangsters armed with guns and explosives [[kidnapping]] *[[Zhang Koukou]] (January 6, 1983 - July 17, 2019), a native of Nanzheng, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, only compensated Zhang Koukou’s family 9,639.3 yuan. After graduating from junior high school in 2001, he enlisted in the army and served in Xinjiang for two years. Later [[New Year's Eve]] on Lunar New Year's Eve in 2018, three Hanzhong officials were convicted of killing the mother of a 13-year-old minor (Wang Zhengjun was sentenced to seven years in prison for intentional injury causing death and was killed after being released from prison). Before the trial, Zhang Koukou raised the issue of Hanzhong officials The objection to whether the Intermediate Court had jurisdiction and the application for a psychiatric evaluation were all rejected. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thecover.cn/news/1578135|title=Zhang Koukou’s application for psychiatric evaluation was rejected by the court|author=Shen Yi|date=2019-01-08|work= Cover News|accessdate=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113100304/http://www.thecover.cn/news/1578135|archive-date=2019-01-13|dead- url=no}}</ref>After being sentenced to immediate execution, the presiding judge [[Shaanxi Provincial Higher People's Court]] Vice President [[Cao Jianguo]] was investigated for violating the law. *[https://i.ifeng.com/c/8MKLdlKPCK9 Investigation into the incident of Nanchang woman being sent to a mental hospital. The hospital had lost a lawsuit against forcing others to be admitted] {{Wayback|url=https://i.ifeng.com/c/ 8MKLdlKPCK9 |date=20231225144323 }}(Nanchang man Wan Yousheng on December 7, 2008) "I really don't know how many tricks he can do for me, it's hard to judge": *[https://weibo.com/u/3645568414 Li Yixue Douyin live broadcast] *[[Anti-corruption after the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China]] *[[Yang Dacai]], the cousin of the director of the Work Safety Supervision Bureau of Ankang Town and secretary of the Party Leadership Group of Shaanxi Province, was exposed by Nanfang Daily on August 28, 2012 as the scene where 36 people were killed in the serious traffic accident on August 26 in Yan'an, Shaanxi Province. Xiao was found guilty of accepting bribes and sentenced to 10 years in prison, with 50,000 yuan of property confiscated. He was found guilty of the crime of huge amounts of property of unknown origin and sentenced to 6 years in prison. It was decided to execute the 14-year term. [[Category:Criminal Cases of the People's Republic of China]] [[Category:Terrorism templates]] [[Category:War and conflict navigational boxes]] </noinclude> 4nlrs5lcm8qg4svv2qqmpjkano54c1z 10369052 10368952 2025-07-03T06:11:20Z Quebecguy 1188602 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/病毒四川警察学院|病毒四川警察学院]] ([[User talk:病毒四川警察学院|talk]]) to last version by Gidonb 10082906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Vehicle-ramming attacks | title = [[Vehicle-ramming attack]]s | state = collapsed | bodyclass = hlist |group1 = 20th c. |list1 = * [[Olga Hepnarová|Prague]] (1973) * [[Eugen Grigore case|Ciurea]] (1974) * [[Priscilla Ford|Reno]] (1980) * [[Douglas Crabbe|Uluru]] (1983) * [[Costa Mesa school car attack|Costa Mesa]] (1999) |group4 = 2000s |list4 = * [[2001 Azor attack|Azor]] (2001) * [[2001 Isla Vista killings|Isla Vista]] (2001) * [[2002 Lyon synagogue attack|Lyon]] (2002) * [[2006 UNC SUV attack|UNC]] (2006) * [[2007 Glasgow Airport attack|Glasgow]] (2007) * [[2008 Akihabara massacre|Akihabara]] (2008) * [[2008 Jerusalem bulldozer attack|Jerusalem bulldozer]] * [[2008 Kashgar attack|Kashgar]] * [[2008 Jerusalem BMW attack|Jerusalem BMW]] (2008) * [[2009 attack on the Dutch royal family|Apeldoorn]] (2009) |group5 = 2010s |list5 = * [[2010 Hebei tractor rampage|Hebei]] (2010) * [[2011 Tel Aviv truck attack|Tel Aviv truck]] (2011) * [[2011 Kashgar attacks|Kashgar]] * [[2011 Tel Aviv nightclub attack|Tel Aviv nightclub]] (2011) * [[Murder of Lee Rigby|Woolwich]] (2013) * [[2013 Tiananmen Square attack|Beijing]] (2013) * [[2014 ROC Presidential Office Building truck attack|Taipei]] (2014) * [[May 2014 Ürümqi attack|Urumqi]] * [[2014 Isla Vista killings|Isla Vista]] * [[2014 Jerusalem tractor attack|Jerusalem tractor]] * [[2014 Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu ramming attack|Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu]] * [[October 2014 Jerusalem vehicular attack|Jerusalem]] * [[November 2014 Jerusalem vehicular attack|Jerusalem]] * [[2014 Dijon attack|Dijon]] * [[2014 Nantes attack|Nantes]] (2014) * [[Graz car attack|Graz]] (2015) * [[2015 Oklahoma State University homecoming parade attack|Oklahoma]] (2015) * [[2016 Nice truck attack|Nice]] (2016) * [[Ohio State University attack|Ohio]] * [[2016 Berlin truck attack|Berlin]] (2016) * [[2017 Jerusalem truck attack|Jerusalem]] (2017) * [[January 2017 Melbourne car attack|Melbourne]] * [[2017 Westminster attack|Westminster]] * [[2017 Stockholm truck attack|Stockholm]] * [[2017 Times Square car attack|Times Square]] * [[2017 London Bridge attack|London Bridge]] * [[2017 Finsbury Park attack|Finsbury Park]] * [[June 2017 Champs-Élysées car ramming attack|Paris]] * [[2017 Levallois-Perret attack|Levallois-Perret]] * [[Charlottesville car attack|Charlottesville]] * [[2017 Sept-Sorts car attack|Sept-Sorts]] * [[2017 Barcelona attacks|Barcelona]] * [[2017 Edmonton attack|Edmonton]] * [[2017 New York City truck attack|NYC]] * [[December 2017 Melbourne car attack|Melbourne]] (2017) * [[2018 Münster attack|Munster]] (2018) * [[2018 Toronto van attack|Toronto]] * [[2018 Westminster car attack|Westminster]] * [[2018 Tajikistan tourist attack|Tajikistan]] * [[2018 Mishui vehicle attack|Mishui]] (2018) * [[2019 Tokyo car attack|Tokyo]] (2019) * [[2019 Zaoyang car attack|Zaoyang]] * [[2019 Gush Etzion ramming attack|Gush Etzion]] (2019) |group6 = 2020s |list6 = * [[2020 Volkmarsen ramming attack|Volkmarsen]] ( 2020) * [[List of vehicle-ramming incidents during George Floyd protests|George Floyd protests]] * [[2020 Trier attack|Trier]] (2020) * [[2021 United States Capitol car attack|Washington, D.C.]] (2021) * [[2021 London, Ontario truck attack|London, Ontario]] * [[Killing of Deona Marie Knajdek|Minneapolis]] * [[2021 Novara vehicle-ramming attack|Novara]] * [[Waukesha Christmas parade attack|Waukesha]] (2021) * [[2022 Beersheba attack|Beersheba]] (2022) * [[November 2022 Ariel attack|Ariel]] (2022) * [[2023 Guangzhou car attack|Guangzhou]] (2023) * [[Laval daycare bus crash|Laval]] * [[2023 Ramot Junction attack|Ramot]] * [[2023 Amqui truck attack|Amqui]] * [[2023 Brownsville car attack|Brownsville]] * [[2023 Lafayette Square U-Haul crash|Washington D.C.]] * [[2023 Nottingham attacks|Nottingham]] * [[July 2023 Tel Aviv attack|Tel Aviv]] (2023) * [[2024 Rochester attack|Rochester]] (January 2024) * [[2024 Ra'anana attack|Ra'anana]] (January 2024) * [[2024 Tel Aviv truck attack|Tel Aviv]] (October 2024) * [[2024 Zhuhai car attack|Zhuhai]] (November 2024) * [[2024 Magdeburg car attack|Magdeburg]] (December 2024) }}<noinclude> {{navbox documentation}} [[Category:Terrorism templates]] [[Category:War and conflict navigational boxes]] </noinclude> q720kh0vyl8tbp9yvkh83lojlou1uh6 0 1157617 10367756 10358490 2025-07-02T14:55:52Z 159.250.27.146 /* Aggregate */ 10367756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox election | election_name = 2028 United States presidential election | country = United States | type = presidential | opinion_polls = | ongoing = yes <!-- Please replace the "ongoing" parameter with the "college_voted" parameter set to "no" by election day, so that the heading "projected electoral vote" will be able to appear. --> | previous_election = 2024 United States presidential election | previous_year = 2024 | next_election = 2032 United States presidential election | next_year = ''2032'' | election_date = November 7, 2028 | votes_for_election = 538 members of the [[United States Electoral College|Electoral College]] | needed_votes = 270 electoral | image_size = 200x200px | image1 = | nominee1 = | party1 = Republican Party (United States) | home_state1 = | running_mate1 = | electoral_vote1 = | states_carried1 = | popular_vote1 = | percentage1 = | image2 = | nominee2 = | party2 = Democratic Party (United States) | home_state2 = | running_mate2 = | electoral_vote2 = | states_carried2 = | popular_vote2 = | percentage2 = | map_size = | map_caption = 2028 electoral map, based on the results of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]]. | title = President | before_election = [[Donald Trump]] <!--He'll be in office, by then--> | before_party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | after_election = {{TBD|2028|11|8}} | after_party = {{TBD|2028|11|8}} | map_image = 2028ElectoralCollege.svg }} The '''2028 United States presidential election''' will be the 61st quadrennial [[United States presidential election|presidential election]]. The election will be held on Tuesday, November 7, 2028, along with other state and federal elections.<ref name="va2">{{cite web|title=Election Planning Calendar|url=http://www.essex-virginia.org/UserFiles/Servers/Server_62876/File/Voter%20Registration/Election%20Planning%20Calendar%20Through%202024%20%28ESSEX%29.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207003141/http://www.essex-virginia.org/UserFiles/Servers/Server_62876/File/Voter%20Registration/Election%20Planning%20Calendar%20Through%202024%20%28ESSEX%29.pdf|archive-date=February 7, 2016|access-date=February 6, 2016|website=Essex-Virginia.org}}</ref> It will be the last presidential election to use population information from the [[2020 United States Census|2020 census]]. Voters will elect a [[President of the United States|president]] and [[Vice President of the United States|vice president]] to a four-year term. The winners of the election will be inaugurated on January 20, 2029. [[Donald Trump]] won the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016]] and [[2024 United States presidential election|2024]] elections and cannot run for re-election to a third term due to the [[Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution|Twenty-second Amendment]]. Trump's second term expires at noon on January 20, 2029. Vice President [[JD Vance]] and Governors [[Ron DeSantis]], [[Brian Kemp]] and [[Glenn Youngkin]] are potential contenders for the Republican presidential nomination. Former Vice President [[Kamala Harris]], Governors [[Andy Beshear]], [[Roy Cooper]], [[Wes Moore]], [[Gavin Newsom]], [[JB Pritzker]], [[Josh Shapiro]], and [[Gretchen Whitmer]] are potential contenders for the Democratic presidential nomination. == Background == {{See also|2024 United States presidential election|2024 United States elections}} [[Donald Trump]] and [[JD Vance]] won the [[2024 United States presidential election|2024 presidential election]]. Trump, who was elected president in [[2016 United States presidential election|2016]], but lost the election in [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]] to then-former vice president [[Joe Biden]]. Trump defeated incumbent vice president [[Kamala Harris]], who began [[Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign|her campaign]] following [[Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election|Biden's drop out of the race]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Burn-Murdoch|first=John|date=November 7, 2024|title=Democrats join 2024's graveyard of incumbents|work=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/e8ac09ea-c300-4249-af7d-109003afb893|access-date=November 8, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Burton|first1=Cooper|date=November 18, 2024|title=Democrats aren't alone — incumbent parties have lost elections all around the world|url=https://abcnews.go.com/538/democrats-incumbent-parties-lost-elections-world/story?id=115972068|access-date=November 20, 2024|website=ABC News}}</ref> Republicans secured control of the [[United States Senate|Senate]] and retained a [[United States House of Representatives|House]] majority.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Sotomayor|first1=Marianna|last2=Vazquez|first2=Maegan|date=November 12, 2024|title=Republicans inch toward 'trifecta' control of House, Senate, White House|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/elections/2024/11/10/uncalled-house-races-2024-election-results/|access-date=November 14, 2024}}</ref> == Eligibility and requirements == [[Article Two of the United States Constitution#Clause 5: Qualifications for office|Article II, Section 1, Clause 5]] of the constitution states for a person to serve as president must: * be a [[Natural-born-citizen clause|natural-born citizen]] of the United States. <ref group="note">Foreign-born American citizens who met the age and residency requirements at the time the Constitution was adopted were also eligible for the presidency. However, this allowance has since become obsolete.</ref> * be at least thirty-five years old. * be a permanent resident in the United States for at least fourteen years. == Electoral map == {{Main|Red states and blue states}} [[File:2020_Cook_PVI.svg|thumb|This map shows how partisan states are by the [[Cook Partisan Voting Index]]. Swing states are the states in lighter colors.]] In the Electoral College, this results in major-party candidates primarily focusing their campaigns on [[swing states]], which can swing between parties from election to election. These states are critical for a presidential candidate's path to victory. For 2028, the expected swing states are [[Pennsylvania]], [[Wisconsin]], and [[Michigan]]. The others include [[Arizona]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[Nevada]], and [[North Carolina]], which all were won by Trump in 2024.<ref>{{cite web|last=Mallinson|first=Daniel J.|date=November 7, 2024|title=How Trump won Pennsylvania − and what the numbers from key counties show about the future of a pivotal swing state|url=https://theconversation.com/how-trump-won-pennsylvania-and-what-the-numbers-from-key-counties-show-about-the-future-of-a-pivotal-swing-state-243127|access-date=November 13, 2024|website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Wolf|first=Zachary B.|date=November 9, 2024|title=Analysis: Trump's win was real but not a landslide. Here's where it ranks|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/11/09/politics/donald-trump-election-what-matters/index.html|access-date=November 13, 2024|website=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Sedghi|first=Amy|date=November 10, 2024|title=Trump wins Arizona to clinch sweep of seven battleground states|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/nov/10/trump-wins-arizona-completing-sweep-of-all-seven-battleground-states-ap-reports|access-date=November 13, 2024|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Republican Party == === Potential candidates === {{Gallery|File:Ron DeSantis official photo (cropped).jpg|{{center|[[Governor of Florida|Governor]]<br/> '''[[Ron DeSantis]]'''<br/> of [[Florida]]<br>(2019–present)}}|File:Brian Kemp 2023.jpg|{{center|[[Governor of Georgia|Governor]]<br/>'''[[Brian Kemp]]'''<br/>of [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]<br>(2019–present)}}|File:JD Vance Inaugural Portrait (cropped).png|{{center|[[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]]<br/> '''[[JD Vance]]'''<br/> from [[Ohio]]}}|File:Glenn Youngkin in September 2021.jpg|{{center|[[Governor of Virginia|Governor]]<br/>'''[[Glenn Youngkin]]'''<br/> of [[Virginia]]<br>(2022–present)}}|title=Potential Republican candidates{{Efn|Individuals listed below have been mentioned as potential 2028 presidential candidates in at least two reliable media sources in the last six months.|name=CandidateNote}}|align=center|footer=|style=|state=|mode=packed|height=160|width=160|captionstyle=}} ==== Ron DeSantis ==== [[Ron DeSantis]] has been the governor of Florida since 2019 and recently ran for the Republican nomination in [[Ron DeSantis 2024 presidential campaign|2024]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nehamas|first=Nicholas|date=January 19, 2024|title=Ron DeSantis Is Quietly Starting to Build His Off-Ramp From 2024|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/19/us/politics/desantis-2024-race-trump.html|access-date=March 8, 2024|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> He appeared in a debate with California governor Gavin Newsom hosted by [[Fox News]]' [[Sean Hannity]] in November 2023, in what was viewed by [[NBC News]] as a potential 2028 presidential bid.<ref name="NBCDebate">{{Cite web|last=Allen|first=Jonathan|date=November 30, 2023|title=Gavin Newsom and Ron DeSantis battle for the presidency — in one election or the next|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2024-election/gavin-newsom-ron-desantis-battle-presidency-2024-2028-election-rcna126738|access-date=November 11, 2024|publisher=[[NBC News]]}}</ref> ==== Brian Kemp ==== [[Brian Kemp]] has been the governor of Georgia since 2019.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kilgore|first=Ed|date=May 28, 2024|title=Brian Kemp Is the Most Successful Anti-Trump Republican|language=en-US|work=[[New York (magazine)|New York]]|url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/brian-kemp-successful-anti-trump-republican.html|access-date=November 27, 2024}}</ref> Kemp has been seen as a potential candidate as being term-limited as governor. New sources believe Kemp will either run for U.S. Senate in 2026 or for president in 2028.<ref>{{cite news|last=Allison|first=Natalie|date=May 28, 2024|title=Brian Kemp will attend GOP convention as he builds up political operation|work=[[Politico]]|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/05/28/brian-kemp-political-future-convention-00160005|access-date=May 28, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Gringlas|first=Sam|date=October 29, 2024|title=In a razor-thin race, Trump's complicated ties with Georgia's governor could matter|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/2024/10/28/nx-s1-5168017/2024-election-georgia-donald-trump-brian-kemp|access-date=November 27, 2024}}</ref> ==== JD Vance ==== [[JD Vance]] has been the Vice President of the United States since 2025. He was elected vice president after winning the 2024 election as Trump's running mate. Vance is the frontrunner in the primary election, according to ''[[The New York Times]].''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cohn|first=Nate|author-link=Nate Cohn|date=July 16, 2024|title=How Will Vance Affect the Race? Look at 2028, Not 2024.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/16/upshot/vance-trump-vice-president.html|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> He has been dubbed the "[[Make America Great Again|MAGA]] heir-apparent" or "heir apparent of Trumpism" according to ''[[USA Today]].''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pfannenstiel|first=Brianne|date=July 17, 2024|title=JD Vance is now the MAGA heir-apparent. Does that make him the front-runner for 2028?|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2024/07/17/jd-vance-is-now-the-maga-heir-apparent-and-a-favorite-for-2028/74411365007/|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> ''[[The Hill (magazine)|The Hill]]'' stated that Vance's debate performance against Minnesota Governor [[Tim Walz]] in October 2024 improved his status as a presidential contender.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Weaver|first=Al|date=October 3, 2024|title=Debate performance gives Vance 2028 White House boost|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4912457-jd-vance-debate-2028-white-house/|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[The Hill (magazine)|The Hill]]}}</ref> ==== Glenn Youngkin ==== [[Glenn Youngkin]] has been the governor of Virginia since 2022, and cannot run for re-election by the state's constitution to a second consecutive term. Youngkin has been reported as a possible candidate by ''[[Politico]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Martin|first=Jonathan|date=June 12, 2024|title=What Happened to Glenn Youngkin?|url=https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2024/06/16/glenn-youngkin-gop-00163551|access-date=November 12, 2024|work=[[Politico]]}}</ref> According to ''[[The Washington Post]]'', he is prepping for a 2028 presidential bid.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Vozzella|first=Laura|date=July 16, 2024|title=After last-minute VP frenzy, Youngkin seems to lay groundwork for 2028|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2024/07/16/youngkin-virginia-2028/|url-status=live|access-date=November 12, 2024|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240717023621/https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2024/07/16/youngkin-virginia-2028/|archive-date=July 17, 2024}}</ref> == Democratic Party == === Potential candidates === {{Gallery|File : Andy Beshear 2024 (cropped).jpg|{{center|[[Governor of Kentucky|Governor]]<br>'''[[Andy Beshear]]'''<br>of [[Kentucky]]<br>(2019–present)}}|File:Pete Buttigieg, Secretary of Transportation (cropped).jpg|{{center|Former [[United States Secretary of Transportation|Secretary of Transportation]]<br>'''[[Pete Buttigieg]]'''<br>from [[Michigan]]<br>(2021–2025)}}|File : Roy Cooper in November 2023 (cropped).jpg|{{center|Former Governor<br>'''[[Roy Cooper]]'''<br>of [[North Carolina]]<br>(2017–2025)}}|File:Kamala Harris Vice Presidential Portrait (cropped).jpg|{{center|Former Vice President<br>'''[[Kamala Harris]]'''<br>from [[California]]<br>(2021–2025)}}|File:Wes Moore Official Governor Portrait (9x12).jpg|{{center|[[Governor of Maryland|Governor]]<br>'''[[Wes Moore]]'''<br>of [[Maryland]]<br>(2023–present)}}|File:Newsom April 2024 (cropped2).jpg|{{center|[[Governor of California|Governor]]<br>'''[[Gavin Newsom]]'''<br>of [[California]]<br>(2019–present)}} <!-- |File:Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Official Portrait (cropped 2).jpg|{{center|[[New York's 14th congressional district#List of members representing the district|Representative]]<br>'''[[Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez]]'''<br>from [[New York (state)|New York]]<br>(2019–present)}} -->|File:Rep. Dean Phillips, official photo (2021) (cropped).jpg|{{center|[[Minnesota's 3rd congressional district|Representative]]<br>'''[[Dean Phillips]]'''<br>from [[Minnesota]]<br>(2019–present)}}|File:Governor JB Pritzker official portrait 2019 (crop).jpg|{{center|[[Governor of Illinois|Governor]]<br>'''[[J. B. Pritzker|JB Pritzker]]'''<br>of [[Illinois]]<br>(2019–present)}}|File:Gov. Shapiro (cropped).jpg|{{center|[[Governor of Pennsylvania|Governor]]<br>'''[[Josh Shapiro]]'''<br>of [[Pennsylvania]]<br>(2023–present)}}|title=Potential Democratic candidates{{Efn|name=CandidateNote}}|align=center|footer=|style=|state=|mode=packed|height=160|width=160|captionstyle=|File:8R4A9872 (53367444225) (Whitmer1).jpg|{{center|[[Governor of Michigan|Governor]]<br>'''[[Gretchen Whitmer]]'''<br>of [[Michigan]]<br>(2019–present)}}}} ==== Andy Beshear ==== [[Andy Beshear]] has been the governor of Kentucky since 2019. He was recently on the shortlist to be the vice presidential nominee for the 2024 election,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Greve|first=Joan E.|date=August 4, 2024|title=Who is Andy Beshear, the Kentucky governor who could be Harris's vice-presidential pick?|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/aug/04/andy-beshear-vp-pick-kamala-harris-speculation|access-date=November 17, 2024|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> and was seen as a potential replacement for President [[Joe Biden]] before he [[Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election|withdrew]] from the race.<ref>{{Cite web|author=McHugh, Calder|date=July 21, 2024|title=How Biden's potential replacements could help — and hurt — Democrats' chances|url=https://www.politico.com/interactives/2024/democrats-biden-replacement-pros-cons/|access-date=November 17, 2024|website=Politico|language=en}}</ref> In October 2024, Beshear headlined an event for the [[New Hampshire Democratic Party|New Hampshire Democrats]], a key early primary state, where he promoted both himself and Vice President Kamala Harris to attendees, signaling his future aspirations.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wren|first=Adam|date=November 11, 2024|title=Who will lead Democrats in 2028? Meet the leaders positioning themselves to make moves.|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/11/11/2028-shadow-primary-underway-democratic-00188626|website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> In response to ongoing speculation about his political ambitions, Beshear has stated in an interview with [[WDKY-TV]] that he will "see what the future holds", without actually ruling out a potential presidential run.<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 7, 2024|title=Kentucky Gov. Beshear talks Harris loss, 2028 presidential run|url=https://fox56news.com/news/kentucky/kentucky-gov-beshear-talks-harris-loss-2028-presidential-run/|access-date=November 17, 2024|website=FOX 56 News|language=en-US|quote="'We'll see what the future holds in the future, but, right now, my only focus is on this job, is about making sure that I continue to stand up for Kentuckians and all Americans,' Beshear said."|archive-date=November 29, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241129161317/https://fox56news.com/news/kentucky/kentucky-gov-beshear-talks-harris-loss-2028-presidential-run/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==== Roy Cooper ==== [[Roy Cooper]] served as the governor of North Carolina from 2017 to 2025. He was considered a potential contender to be the vice presidential nominee for the 2024 election but removed himself from consideration.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Miller|first1=Zeke|last2=Min Kim|first2=Seung|date=July 29, 2024|title=NC Gov. Cooper opted out of Harris VP vetting, in part over worry about GOP lieutenant: AP sources|url=https://apnews.com/article/harris-cooper-vice-president-vetting-9ff2a5abf9f4191e5ccb2d52e57b06a3|access-date=December 9, 2024|publisher=The Associated Press}}</ref> The ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'' mentioned that Cooper could be a contender for the Democratic party’s 2028 nomination.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bruni|first1=Frank|date=November 14, 2024|title=Newsom? Whitmer? Shapiro? 2024 Could Kill Their 2028 Dreams|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/14/opinion/2028-democrats-newsom-whitmer.html|access-date=December 9, 2024|work=The New York Times}}</ref> ''[[Politico]]'' has also referred to Cooper as a potential contender for the 2028 Democratic Party's presidential nomination.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sentner|first1=Irie|date=December 7, 2024|title=Democratic governors (and 2028 hopefuls) gather to chart path under a Trump administration|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/12/07/demogratic-governors-trump-2028-00193169|access-date=December 9, 2024|publisher=Politico}}</ref> ==== Kamala Harris ==== [[Kamala Harris]] was the vice president of the United States from 2021 to 2025. She became the nominee for president in the [[2024 United States presidential election|2024 presidential election]] after Biden withdrew his bid, losing to [[Donald Trump]].<ref name="NYTimesHarrisOptions2">{{Cite web|last1=Epstein|first1=Reid|last2=Rogers|first2=Katie|last3=Green|first3=Eric|date=November 7, 2024|title=What's Next for Kamala Harris? Here Are Six Options.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/07/us/politics/kamala-harris-2028-run-for-president.html|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Harris, who has the largest donor network in the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], may run for the presidency again in 2028 according to ''[[The New York Times]]''<ref name="NYTimesHarrisOptions2" /> and ''[[Politico]].''<ref name="PoliticoMovesSink2">{{Cite web|last1=Wren|first1=Adam|last2=Cadelago|first2=Christopher|last3=Kashinsky|first3=Lisa|last4=Otterbein|first4=Holly|last5=Schneider|first5=Elena|date=November 11, 2024|title=Who will lead Democrats in 2028? Meet the leaders positioning themselves to make moves.|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/11/11/2028-shadow-primary-underway-democratic-00188626|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[Politico]]}}</ref> Her her loss in the last election could be seen as a disadvantage.<ref name="NYTimesHarrisOptions2" /> In November 2024, ''Politico'' reported that Harris is considering running for president in 2028 or for California governor in [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026]].<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Cadelago|first1=Christopher|last2=Daniels|first2=Eugene|date=November 25, 2024|title=Harris is telling her advisers and allies to keep her political options open|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/11/25/kamala-harris-advisers-options-open-00191393|access-date=November 25, 2024|work=[[Politico]]}}</ref> ==== Wes Moore ==== [[Wes Moore]] has been the governor of Maryland since 2023. Moore has been mentioned by ''Politico'' after Trump's victory as one of the Democrats positioning themself for a potential presidential run in 2028.<ref name="PoliticoMovesSink2" /> It was also reported by ''[[The Baltimore Sun]]'' that if Moore is a force campaigning for Democrats in the upcoming midterm cycle, he could position himself as a national voice that would be in talks for the presidency in 2028.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Janesch|first1=Sam|date=November 12, 2024|title=Who's going to lead the Democratic Party after defeat? Why Wes Moore's name is coming up|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2024/11/12/whos-going-to-lead-the-democratic-party-after-defeat-why-wes-moores-name-is-coming-up/|access-date=November 19, 2024|work=The Baltimore Sun}}</ref> ==== Gavin Newsom ==== [[Gavin Newsom]] has served as the governor of California since 2019. Newsom has been viewed as a contender for the 2028 presidential election by ''The New York Times'',<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hubler|first=Shawn|date=November 21, 2024|title=Newsom to Visit California's Trump Country: 'Message Received'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/21/us/newsom-california-counties-trump.html|access-date=November 22, 2024|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> ''Politico'',<ref name="PoliticoMovesSink2" /> and ''The Washington Post'' after he garnered national attention by December 2023.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Reston|first=Maeve|date=December 1, 2023|title=Gavin Newsom 2028? His early moves offer a potential glimpse.|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2023/11/30/gavin-newsom-presidential-race-2028/|access-date=November 11, 2024}}</ref> He was seen as a potential replacement for Biden after his withdrawal from the 2024 election by ''The New York Times''.<ref name="NYTimesTicket2">{{Cite web|last1=Cameron|first1=Chris|last2=Nagourney|first2=Adam|author-link2=Adam Nagourney|date=June 28, 2024|title=Who Will Replace Biden at the Top of the Ticket?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/article/joe-biden-democrats-nomination-gavin-newsom-whitmer.html|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> According to ''The New York Times'', Newsom was considering a bid for the presidency by September 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nagourney|first=Adam|author-link=Adam Nagourney|date=September 28, 2023|title=Newsom Is in the Spin Room to Pump Up Biden, and Maybe Himself|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/28/us/politics/newsom-president-biden.html|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> In November 2023, he appeared in a debate with Florida Governor [[Ron DeSantis]] hosted by Fox News' Sean Hannity. The debate was seen as a potential presidential bid by [[NBC News]].<ref name="NBCDebate3" /> ==== Dean Phillips ==== [[Dean Phillips]] has served as the representative of [[Minnesota's 3rd congressional district]] since 2019. Phillips [[Dean Phillips 2024 presidential campaign|ran a campaign]] against Biden in the [[2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries|2024 Democratic presidential primaries]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=John|first1=Arit|last2=McKend|first2=Eva|last3=Pellish|first3=Aaron|date=October 27, 2023|title=House Democrat Dean Phillips launches primary challenge against President Biden|url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/26/politics/dean-phillips-presidential-campaign-launch/index.html|access-date=December 12, 2024|publisher=CNN}}</ref> Phillips received the second-highest number of delegates of any candidate in the primaries, but was unsuccessful.<ref>{{cite web|title=2024 Presidential Primary Delegate Tracker|url=https://www.usatoday.com/elections/results/2024/presidential-delegates|access-date=December 12, 2024|publisher=USA Today}}</ref> In an interview with ''[[CBS Minnesota]]'', Phillips was asked about his future political aspirations. He ruled out a bid for the U.S. senate or the governor's office in 2026 but said, "never say never" regarding another presidential campaign in 2028.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cummings|first1=Caroline|date=November 29, 2024|title=Rep. Dean Phillips: Dem primary would've "elevated a candidate better positioned to win" presidency|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/rep-dean-phillips-competitive-democratic-primary-wouldve-elevated-a-candidate-better-positioned-to-win-presidency/|access-date=December 12, 2024|publisher=CBS News}}</ref> The ''[[HuffPost]]'' reported that after the election, Phillips said of his White House bid, “I would do it a thousand times again.”<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nicholson|first1=Jonathan|date=November 21, 2024|title=Dean Phillips, Early Challenger To Biden For 2024 Nomination: I Would Do It All Again|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/dean-phillips-stands-by-decision-to-challenge-biden_n_673fa647e4b090a704c8eadc|access-date=December 12, 2024|publisher=HuffPost}}</ref> [[J. B. Pritzker|JB Pritzker]] has been the governor of Illinois since 2019. Pritzker is a potential Democratic contender, according to ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sfondeles|first=Tina|date=November 8, 2024|title=JB Pritzker studies Project 2025 and Trump, ponders his own political future|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/elections/2024/11/08/pritzker-presidential-run-2028-donald-trump-project-2025|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]}}</ref> With Newsom, he donated to Middleton.<ref name="AxiosCheck2">{{Cite web|last=Thompson|first=Alex|date=November 6, 2023|title=Newsom, Pritzker signal White House ambitions in donations to S. Carolina candidate|url=https://www.axios.com/2023/11/06/newsom-pritzker-south-carolina-elections|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[Axios (website)|Axios]]}}</ref> ==== Josh Shapiro ==== [[Josh Shapiro]] has been the governor of Pennsylvania since 2023. Shapiro has been seen as a critical figure in Pennsylvania by Democratic strategists and officials, according to ''Politico'' and as a politician who could gain votes from white working-class voters, according to [[CNN]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dovere|first=Edward-Isaac|date=November 10, 2024|title=Still-stunned Democrats begin to squint toward their future|url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/11/10/politics/democrats-election-party-future-voters/index.html|access-date=November 11, 2024|publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> He was said to be a front-runner in the primary by ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=McGoldrick|first=Gilliam|date=November 7, 2024|title=Welcome to the 2028 presidential election cycle, where Pa. Gov. Josh Shapiro is a front-runner|url=https://www.inquirer.com/politics/election/josh-shapiro-2028-presidential-election-frontrunner-20241107.html|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]}}</ref> According to ''The New York Times'', Shapiro was seen as a potential replacement for Biden.<ref name="NYTimesTicket2" /> ==== Gretchen Whitmer ==== [[Gretchen Whitmer]] had been the governor of Michigan since 2019. Whitmer has been discussed as a contender in 2028, although she distanced herself from speculation in an interview with [[Lulu Garcia-Navarro]] of ''[[The New York Times Magazine]]'' in June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Garcia-Navarro|first=Lulu|author-link=Lulu Garcia-Navarro|date=June 22, 2024|title=Gretchen Whitmer Wants a Gen X President — in 2028|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/22/magazine/gretchen-whitmer-interview.html|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[The New York Times Magazine]]}}</ref> She disavowed a movement to replace Biden.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Martin|first=Jonathan|date=July 1, 2024|title=Whitmer Disavows 'Draft Gretch' Movement — and Delivers A Warning to Biden|url=https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2024/07/01/whitmer-biden-democrats-2028-00165995|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[Politico]]}}</ref> == Declined to be candidates == The following individuals stated that they would not run for president: * [[John Fetterman]], U.S. Senator from [[Pennsylvania]] (2023–present) and 34th [[Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania]] (2019–2023) * [[Mark Cuban]], billionaire businessman, co-owner of the [[Dallas Mavericks]], and co-founder of [[2929 Entertainment]]<ref name="NBCNewsJockeying">{{Cite web|last1=Smith|first1=Allan|last2=Korecki|first2=Natasha|last3=Seitz-Wald|first3=Alex|date=November 16, 2024|title=Democratic jockeying for the 2028 presidential election is already underway|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/democratic-jockeying-2028-presidential-election-already-underway-rcna179653|access-date=November 24, 2024|publisher=[[NBC News]]}}</ref> * [[Donald Trump Jr.]], [[businessman]] and son of incumbent president [[Donald Trump]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-07|title=Donald Trump Jr. Denies Presidential Run Rumors In Expletive-Filled Statement|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/donald-trump-jr-2028-presidential-run-rumors_n_67cb4bfce4b056d4513235af|access-date=2025-03-11|website=HuffPost|language=en}}</ref> == Opinion polling == ===Republican primary=== ==== Aggregate ==== {| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;" |- valign="bottom" style="font-size:90%;" !Aggregator !Updated !JD Vance !Donald Trump Jr. !Ron DeSantis !Chris Christie !Vivek Ramaswamy !Macro Rubio !Robert F. Kennedy Jr. !Other !Lead |- |[https://www.racetothewh.com/president/2028/gop Race to the WH] |June 27, 2025 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''47.4%''' |17.3% |8.7% |4% |3.5% |9.7% |5.2% |4.2% | {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''Vance +30.1%''' |} ==== Nationwide ==== {| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;" |- valign="bottom" style="font-size:90%;" ! Poll source ! Date(s) administered ! Sample size{{Efn|name="Key"}} ! Ted<br>Cruz ! Ron<br />DeSantis ! Nikki<br />Haley ! Robert F.<br />Kennedy Jr. {{Efn|Registered Independent, left Democratic Party in 2023}} ! Vivek<br />Ramaswamy ! Marco<br>Rubio ! Donald<br>Trump{{efn|name=Ineligible|Ineligible per 22nd Amendment to the Constitution}} ! Donald<br>Trump Jr. ! JD<br />Vance ! Other ! Undecided |- |[https://echelonin.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/March-2025-Voter-Omnibus-Topline-External.pdf Echelon Insights] |March 10–13, 2025 |450 (LV) |5% |7% |7% |7% |3% |4% |— |— | {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''46%''' |5%{{Efn|Kristi Noem 2%, Sarah Huckabee Sanders 1%, Glenn Youngkin 1%, Josh Hawley 1%, Tim Scott 1%}} |16% |- | [https://mclaughlinonline.com/pols/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/National-February-Presentation-RELEASE-02-18-25.pdf McLaughlin & Associates] | February 11–18, 2025 | 468 (LV) | — | 6% | 3% | — | 4% | 3% | — | 17% | {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''37%''' | 10%{{efn|Tulsi Gabbard and Kristi Noem with 2%; Greg Abbott, Tom Cotton, Larry Hogan, Sarah Huckabee Sanders, Rick Scott, and Tim Scott with 1%; Elise Stefanik and Glenn Youngkin with 0%}} | 22% |- | [http://echelonin.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/February-2025-Voter-Omnibus-Topline-External.pdf Echelon Insights] | February 10–13, 2025 | 466 LV | 4% | 10% | 8% | — | 5% | 4% | — | — | {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''39%''' | 10%{{efn|Kristi Noem and Sarah Huckabee Sanders with 2%; Doug Burgum, Josh Hawley, Tim Scott, and Glenn Youngkin with 1%; Katie Britt and Elise Stefanik with <1%; "Someone else" with 2%}} | 20% |- | [https://mclaughlinonline.com/pols/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/National-January-Presentation-RELEASE-01-28-25.pdf McLaughlin & Associates] | January 22–27, 2025 | 453 (LV) | — | 8% | 2% | — | 3% | 3% | — | 21% | {{Party shading/Republican}} |'''27%''' | 11%{{efn|Tulsi Gabbard with 3%; Gregg Abbott & Glenn Youngkin with 2%; Larry Hogan, Kristi Noem, Sarah Huckabee Sanders & Tim Scott with 1%}} | 24% |- style="background:lightyellow;" | style="border-right-style:hidden; background:lightyellow;" | | style="border-right-style:hidden; " |January 20, 2025 | colspan="12" | [[Second inauguration of Donald Trump]] |- | [https://mclaughlinonline.com/pols/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/National-December-Presentation-RELEASE-12-17-24.pdf McLaughlin & Associates] | December 11–16, 2024 | 463 (LV) | — | 9% | 4% | – | 4% | 2% |— | 21% | {{Party shading/Republican}} |'''25%''' | 9%{{efn|Tim Scott with 3%; Tulsi Gabbard, Sarah Huckabee Sanders & Glenn Youngkin with 2%; Greg Abbott, Tom Cotton, Kristi Noem & Rick Scott with 1%; Larry Hogan & Elise Stefanik with <1%}} | 24% |- | [https://pro.morningconsult.com/analysis/2028-gop-primary-polling-december-2024 Morning Consult] | December 6–8, 2024 | 994 (RV) | — | 9% | 6% | 5% | 5% | 1% |— | '''30%''' | '''30%''' | 19%{{efn|Greg Abbott, Tucker Carlson, Brian Kemp, Sarah Huckabee Sanders, and Glenn Youngkin with 1%; Someone else with 5%; Would not vote with 4%}} | — |- | [https://emersoncollegepolling.com/november-2024-national-poll-trump-favorability-jumps-post-election-2028-election-kicks-off-with-harris-and-vance-leading-primaries/ Emerson College] | November 20–22, 2024 | 420 (RV) | 1% | 5% | 2% | 2% | 3% | 1% | 23% | — | {{Party shading/Republican}} |'''30%''' | 9%{{efn|Tulsi Gabbard and Candace Owens with 1%; Elon Musk, and Glenn Youngkin with <1%; Someone else with 5%}}{{efn|Musk is not eligible to serve as president as he is not a natural-born citizen}} | '''28%''' |- | [https://echeloninsights.com/in-the-news/nov-2024-verified-voter-omnibus/ Echelon Insights] | November 14–18, 2024 | 483 (LV) | 5% | 8% | 9% | — | 9% | 5% | — | — | {{Party shading/Republican}} |'''37%''' | 9%{{efn|Sarah Huckabee Sanders with 2%; Josh Hawley, Tim Scott, Glenn Youngkin, and Kristi Noem with 1%; Katie Britt, Doug Burgum, and Elise Stefanik with 0%; Someone else with 3%}} | 18% |- |- style="background:lightyellow;" | style="border-right-style:hidden; background:lightyellow;" | | style="border-right-style:hidden; " |November 5, 2024 | colspan="12" | [[2024 United States presidential election]] held. |- |[https://echeloninsights.com/in-the-news/july2024-verified-voter-omnibus-2-2-2-2/ Echelon Insights] |July 19–21, 2024 |456 (LV) |4% |14% |9% | — |10% |2% | | — |{{Party shading/Republican}} |'''25%''' |16%{{efn|Sarah Huckabee Sanders with 3%; Josh Hawley, and Tim Scott with 2%; Katie Britt, Byron Donalds, and Glenn Youngkin with 1%}} |{{Party shading/Undecided}} |'''21%''' |- |[https://x.com/Politics_Polls/status/1749632663122505993?s=20 Echelon Insights] |January 16–18, 2024 |832 (RV) |— |{{Party shading/Republican}} |'''27%''' |19% | — |18% |— | | — |1% |18%{{efn|Tucker Carlson with 6%; Greg Abbott with 3%; Kari Lake and Glenn Youngkin with 2%; Tom Cotton, Byron Donalds, Josh Hawley, Brian Kemp, and Elise Stefanik with 1%; Katie Britt with 0%}} |17% |- |} ==== Statewide ==== ===== Florida ===== {| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;" |- valign="bottom" style="font-size:90%;" ! Poll source ! Date(s) administered ! Sample size{{efn|name="Key"|Key:<br />A – all adults<br />RV – registered voters<br />LV – likely voters<br />V – unclear}} ! JD<br />Vance ! Ron<br />DeSantis ! Undecided |- | [https://floridapolitics.com/archives/724265-desantis-vance-florida-poll/ Fabrizio] | February 26–27, 2025 | 600 LV | {{Party shading/Republican}} | 47% | 33% | 20% |- |} === Democratic primary === ==== Aggregate ==== {| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;" |- valign="bottom" style="font-size:90%;" !Aggregator !Updated !Kamala Harris !Pete Buttigieg !Gavin Newsom !Cory Booker !Alexandria<br />Ocasio-Cortez !Tim Walz !Josh Shapiro !Other !Lead |- |[https://www.racetothewh.com/president/2028/dem Race to the WH] |July 2, 2025 | {{party shading/Democratic}} | '''24.2%''' |14.6% |10.8% |5.2% |9.9% |4.4% |5% |25.9% | {{party shading/Democratic}} | '''Harris +9.6%''' |} ==== Nationwide ==== {| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;" |- valign="bottom" style="font-size:90%;" ! Poll source ! Date(s) administered ! Sample size{{efn|name="Key"|Key:<br />A – all adults<br />RV – registered voters<br />LV – likely voters<br />V – unclear}} ! Pete<br />Buttigieg !Mark Cuban ! Kamala<br />Harris ! Gavin<br />Newsom ! Alexandria<br />Ocasio-Cortez ! Josh<br>Shapiro ! Tim<br>Walz ! Other ! Undecided |- |[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/kamala-harris-2028-democratic-primary-b2719928.html Morning Consult] |March 14–16, 2025 | |10% |4% | {{party shading/Democratic}} | '''36%''' |5% |5% |4% |5% |23%{{Efn|Mark Cuban 4%, Cory Booker 3%, Gretchen Whitmer 2%, JB Pritzker 2%, Andy Beshear 2%, Amy Klobuchar 2%, Chris Murphy 1%, Jared Polis 1%, John Fetterman 1%, Wes Moore 1%, Rahm Emanuel 1%, Raphael Warnock 1%, Ruben Gallego <1%, Someone else 2%}} |13% |- |[https://echelonin.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/March-2025-Voter-Omnibus-Topline-External.pdf Echelon Insights] |March 10–13, 2025 |457 (LV) |10% |3% | {{party shading/Democratic}} | '''33%''' |7% |7% |2% |5% |21%{{Efn|Jasmine Crockett 3%, Mark Cuban 3%, JB Pritzker 2%, Gretchen Whitmer 2%, Cory Booker 2%, Andy Beshear 2%, Jared Polis 1%, John Fetterman 1%, Raphael Warnock 1%, Chris Murphy 1%, Jon Stewart 1%, Stephen A Smith <1%, Wes Moore <1%}} |15% |- | [https://www.surveyusa.com/client/PollReport.aspx?g=677c71f7-f291-4d3e-800c-b2bb85f3a305 SurveyUSA] | February 13–16, 2025 | 835 (RV) | 11% |7% | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''37%''' | 9% | 7% | 6% | 0% | 20%{{efn|Someone else with 11%; Mark Cuban with 7%; Gretchen Whitmer with 4%; Andy Beshear with 3%; Wes Moore with 2%; Phil Murphy with 1%}} | — |- | [https://mclaughlinonline.com/pols/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/National-February-Presentation-RELEASE-02-18-25.pdf McLaughlin & Associates] | February 11–18, 2025 | 418 (LV) | 8% |— | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''36%''' | 4% | 3% | 3% | 4% | 20%{{efn|Gretchen Whitmer with 4%; Amy Klobuchar with 3%; Roy Cooper, Beto O'Rourke, and JB Pritzker with 2%; Wes Moore, Phil Murphy, Deval Patrick, and Stephen A. Smith with 1%; Jared Polis with 0%}} | 23% |- | [http://echelonin.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/February-2025-Voter-Omnibus-Topline-External.pdf Echelon Insights] | February 10–13, 2025 | 447 (LV) | 10% |3% | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''36%''' | 6% | 5% | 3% | 9% | 21%{{efn|Gretchen Whitmer with 4%; Mark Cuban with 3%; Cory Booker, Jasmine Crockett, John Fetterman, JB Pritzker, and Raphael Warnock with 2%; Andy Beshear, Ruben Gallego, and Jared Polis with 1%; Wes Moore and Stephen A. Smith with <1%; "Someone else" with 1%}} | 10% |- | [https://mclaughlinonline.com/pols/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/National-January-Presentation-RELEASE-01-28-25.pdf McLaughlin & Associates] | January 22–27, 2025 | 414 (LV) | 9% |— | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''33%''' | 7% | 6% | 3% | 3% | 23%{{efn|Amy Klobuchar & Gretchen Whitmer with 3%; Cory Booker, Wes Moore, & Stephen A. Smith with 2%; Phil Murphy, Jared Polis, JB Pritzker, & Beto O'Rourke with 1%, Deval Patrick with <1%}} | 22% |- style="background:lightyellow;" | style="border-right-style:hidden; background:lightyellow;" | | style="border-right-style:hidden; " |January 20, 2025 | colspan="13" | [[Second inauguration of Donald Trump]] |- | [https://mclaughlinonline.com/pols/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/National-December-Presentation-RELEASE-12-17-24.pdf McLaughlin & Associates] | December 11–16, 2024 | 428 (LV) | 12% |— | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''35%''' | 7% | 3% | 5% | 5% | 18%{{efn|JB Pritzker, Gretchen Whitmer & Beto O'Rourke with 3%; Cory Booker with 2%; Amy Klobuchar, Wes Moore, Phil Murphy & Deval Patrick with 1%; Jared Polis with <1%}} | 19% |- | [https://emersoncollegepolling.com/november-2024-national-poll-trump-favorability-jumps-post-election-2028-election-kicks-off-with-harris-and-vance-leading-primaries/ Emerson College] | November 20–22, 2024 | 400 (RV) | 4% |— | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''37%''' | 7% | 1% | 3% | 1% | 16%{{efn|Gretchen Whitmer with 3%; Michelle Obama and Bernie Sanders with 2%; Hakeem Jeffries, Wes Moore, JB Pritzker, Jon Stewart, and Rashida Tlaib with 1%; Andy Beshear and Mark Kelly with <1%; Someone else with 4%}} | 35% |- | [https://echeloninsights.com/in-the-news/nov-2024-verified-voter-omnibus/ Echelon Insights] | November 14–18, 2024 | 457 (LV) | 6% |— | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''41%''' | 8% | 4% | 7% | 6% | 12%{{efn|Gretchen Whitmer with 3%; J.B. Pritzker, Andy Beshear, and Cory Booker with 2%; Jared Polis and Wes Moore with 1%; Someone else with 1%}} | 16% |- | [https://pro.morningconsult.com/analysis/kamala-harris-2028-democratic-primary-polling-november-2024/ Morning Consult] | November 15–17, 2024 | 1,012 (V) | 9% |— | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''43%''' | 8% | 4% | 5% | 7% | 23%{{efn|Gretchen Whitmer with 3%; Cory Booker, Amy Klobuchar, Elizabeth Warren, and Andy Beshear with 2%; Wes Moore, JB Pritzker, and John Fetterman with 1%; "Someone else" with 3%; "Would not vote" with 6%}} | — |- style="background:lightyellow;" | style="border-right-style:hidden; background:lightyellow;" | | style="border-right-style:hidden; background:lightyellow;" |November 5, 2024 | colspan="11" style="background:lightyellow;" | [[2024 United States presidential election]] held. |- |[https://www.politico.com/f/?id=0000018f-f8f8-d844-a1ff-fffed00f0000 Morning Consult/Politico] |May 28–29, 2024 |3,997 (RV) | 10% |— | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''21%''' | 10% | — | 3% | — | 12%{{efn|Mark Kelly and Gretchen Whitmer with 4%; "Someone else" with 7%}} | {{Party shading/Undecided}} |'''41%''' |- |[https://x.com/Politics_Polls/status/1749182192796811384?s=20 Echelon Insights] |January 16–18, 2024 |499 (RV) | 13% |— | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''33%''' | 11% | — | 2% | — | 12%{{efn|J. B. Pritzker and Gretchen Whitmer with 3%; John Fetterman, and Raphael Warnock with 2%; Andy Beshear and Wes Moore with 1%}} | 29% |- |} ==== Statewide ==== ===== California ===== {| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;" |- valign="bottom" style="font-size:90%;" ! Poll source ! Date(s) administered ! Sample size{{efn|name="Key"|Key:<br />A – all adults<br />RV – registered voters<br />LV – likely voters<br />V – unclear}} ! Cory<br />Booker ! Pete<br />Buttigieg ! Kamala<br />Harris ! Amy<br />Klobuchar ! Gavin<br />Newsom ! Josh<br>Shapiro ! Gretchen<br>Whitmer ! Other ! Undecided |- | [https://capitolweekly.net/ca-120-dems-in-a-funk-but-harris-and-newsom-could-still-shine/ Capitol Weekly] | February 6, 2025 | 681 V | 5% | 15% | 15% | 6% | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''27%''' | 6% | 6% | 20%{{efn|JB Pritzker with 1%; Ruben Gallego and Wes Moore with <1%; "Other" with 18%}} | — |- |} === General election === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;line-height:17px" |- ! rowspan=2|Poll source ! rowspan=2|Date(s)<br/>administered ! rowspan=2|Sample<br/>size{{Efn|name="Key"}} ! [[Donald Trump]]<br><small>{{nobold|[[Republican Party (US)|(R)]]}}</small>{{efn|name=Ineligible|Ineligible per 22nd Amendment to the Constitution}} ! [[JD Vance]]<br><small>{{nobold|[[Republican Party (US)|(R)]]}}</small> ! [[Kamala Harris]]<br><small>{{nobold|[[Democratic Party (US)|(D)]]}}</small> ! [[Gavin Newsom]]<br><small>{{nobold|[[Democratic Party (US)|(D)]]}}</small> ! [[Barack Obama]]<br><small>{{nobold|[[Democratic Party (US)|(D)]]}}</small>{{efn|name=Ineligible}} ! [[Josh Shapiro]]<br><small>{{nobold|[[Democratic Party (US)|(D)]]}}</small> ! [[Gretchen Whitmer]]<br><small>{{nobold|[[Democratic Party (US)|(D)]]}}</small> ! rowspan=2|Undecided |- ! data-sort-type="number" style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}};"| ! data-sort-type="number" style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}};"| ! data-sort-type="number" style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}};"| ! data-sort-type="number" style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}};"| ! data-sort-type="number" style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}};"| ! data-sort-type="number" style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}};"| ! data-sort-type="number" style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}};"| |- | [https://x.com/ChangePolls/status/1899198176000663779 Change Research] | March 10, 2025 | | 42% | | | | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''49%''' | | | 9% |- style="background:lightyellow;" | style="border-right-style:hidden; background:lightyellow;" | | style="border-right-style:hidden; " |January 20, 2025 | colspan="9" | [[Second inauguration of Donald Trump]] |- |rowspan=4| [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1ci0xpqxyX4XKKdVjeijssSxKARFxkBYmQeLjES1pcac/edit?gid=1780005197#gid=1780005197 On Point/SoCal Strategies] |rowspan=4| December 23, 2024 |rowspan=4| 656 (A) | | 41% | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''43%''' | | | | | 16% |- | | {{Party shading/Republican}} | ''' 37%''' | | 34% | | | | 29% |- | | {{Party shading/Republican}} | ''' 37%''' | | | | 34% | | 29% |- | | {{Party shading/Republican}} | ''' 40%''' | | | | | 33% | 26% |- | [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1D6ZAYUN8ius5Euw52-5uX7AVnpx414qG/view American Pulse Research & Polling] | December 17–20, 2024 | 661 (LV) | | 46% | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''47%''' | | | | | 7% |} == Notes == {{notelist}} {{reflist|group=note}} == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:2028 elections]] [[Category:United States presidential elections]] [[Category:2020s elections in the United States]] evfmz297jgdu75u06txp4cuuz84uyku 10368131 10367756 2025-07-02T19:28:08Z 159.250.27.146 /* Aggregate */ 10368131 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox election | election_name = 2028 United States presidential election | country = United States | type = presidential | opinion_polls = | ongoing = yes <!-- Please replace the "ongoing" parameter with the "college_voted" parameter set to "no" by election day, so that the heading "projected electoral vote" will be able to appear. --> | previous_election = 2024 United States presidential election | previous_year = 2024 | next_election = 2032 United States presidential election | next_year = ''2032'' | election_date = November 7, 2028 | votes_for_election = 538 members of the [[United States Electoral College|Electoral College]] | needed_votes = 270 electoral | image_size = 200x200px | image1 = | nominee1 = | party1 = Republican Party (United States) | home_state1 = | running_mate1 = | electoral_vote1 = | states_carried1 = | popular_vote1 = | percentage1 = | image2 = | nominee2 = | party2 = Democratic Party (United States) | home_state2 = | running_mate2 = | electoral_vote2 = | states_carried2 = | popular_vote2 = | percentage2 = | map_size = | map_caption = 2028 electoral map, based on the results of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]]. | title = President | before_election = [[Donald Trump]] <!--He'll be in office, by then--> | before_party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | after_election = {{TBD|2028|11|8}} | after_party = {{TBD|2028|11|8}} | map_image = 2028ElectoralCollege.svg }} The '''2028 United States presidential election''' will be the 61st quadrennial [[United States presidential election|presidential election]]. The election will be held on Tuesday, November 7, 2028, along with other state and federal elections.<ref name="va2">{{cite web|title=Election Planning Calendar|url=http://www.essex-virginia.org/UserFiles/Servers/Server_62876/File/Voter%20Registration/Election%20Planning%20Calendar%20Through%202024%20%28ESSEX%29.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207003141/http://www.essex-virginia.org/UserFiles/Servers/Server_62876/File/Voter%20Registration/Election%20Planning%20Calendar%20Through%202024%20%28ESSEX%29.pdf|archive-date=February 7, 2016|access-date=February 6, 2016|website=Essex-Virginia.org}}</ref> It will be the last presidential election to use population information from the [[2020 United States Census|2020 census]]. Voters will elect a [[President of the United States|president]] and [[Vice President of the United States|vice president]] to a four-year term. The winners of the election will be inaugurated on January 20, 2029. [[Donald Trump]] won the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016]] and [[2024 United States presidential election|2024]] elections and cannot run for re-election to a third term due to the [[Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution|Twenty-second Amendment]]. Trump's second term expires at noon on January 20, 2029. Vice President [[JD Vance]] and Governors [[Ron DeSantis]], [[Brian Kemp]] and [[Glenn Youngkin]] are potential contenders for the Republican presidential nomination. Former Vice President [[Kamala Harris]], Governors [[Andy Beshear]], [[Roy Cooper]], [[Wes Moore]], [[Gavin Newsom]], [[JB Pritzker]], [[Josh Shapiro]], and [[Gretchen Whitmer]] are potential contenders for the Democratic presidential nomination. == Background == {{See also|2024 United States presidential election|2024 United States elections}} [[Donald Trump]] and [[JD Vance]] won the [[2024 United States presidential election|2024 presidential election]]. Trump, who was elected president in [[2016 United States presidential election|2016]], but lost the election in [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]] to then-former vice president [[Joe Biden]]. Trump defeated incumbent vice president [[Kamala Harris]], who began [[Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign|her campaign]] following [[Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election|Biden's drop out of the race]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Burn-Murdoch|first=John|date=November 7, 2024|title=Democrats join 2024's graveyard of incumbents|work=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/e8ac09ea-c300-4249-af7d-109003afb893|access-date=November 8, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Burton|first1=Cooper|date=November 18, 2024|title=Democrats aren't alone — incumbent parties have lost elections all around the world|url=https://abcnews.go.com/538/democrats-incumbent-parties-lost-elections-world/story?id=115972068|access-date=November 20, 2024|website=ABC News}}</ref> Republicans secured control of the [[United States Senate|Senate]] and retained a [[United States House of Representatives|House]] majority.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Sotomayor|first1=Marianna|last2=Vazquez|first2=Maegan|date=November 12, 2024|title=Republicans inch toward 'trifecta' control of House, Senate, White House|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/elections/2024/11/10/uncalled-house-races-2024-election-results/|access-date=November 14, 2024}}</ref> == Eligibility and requirements == [[Article Two of the United States Constitution#Clause 5: Qualifications for office|Article II, Section 1, Clause 5]] of the constitution states for a person to serve as president must: * be a [[Natural-born-citizen clause|natural-born citizen]] of the United States. <ref group="note">Foreign-born American citizens who met the age and residency requirements at the time the Constitution was adopted were also eligible for the presidency. However, this allowance has since become obsolete.</ref> * be at least thirty-five years old. * be a permanent resident in the United States for at least fourteen years. == Electoral map == {{Main|Red states and blue states}} [[File:2020_Cook_PVI.svg|thumb|This map shows how partisan states are by the [[Cook Partisan Voting Index]]. Swing states are the states in lighter colors.]] In the Electoral College, this results in major-party candidates primarily focusing their campaigns on [[swing states]], which can swing between parties from election to election. These states are critical for a presidential candidate's path to victory. For 2028, the expected swing states are [[Pennsylvania]], [[Wisconsin]], and [[Michigan]]. The others include [[Arizona]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[Nevada]], and [[North Carolina]], which all were won by Trump in 2024.<ref>{{cite web|last=Mallinson|first=Daniel J.|date=November 7, 2024|title=How Trump won Pennsylvania − and what the numbers from key counties show about the future of a pivotal swing state|url=https://theconversation.com/how-trump-won-pennsylvania-and-what-the-numbers-from-key-counties-show-about-the-future-of-a-pivotal-swing-state-243127|access-date=November 13, 2024|website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Wolf|first=Zachary B.|date=November 9, 2024|title=Analysis: Trump's win was real but not a landslide. Here's where it ranks|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/11/09/politics/donald-trump-election-what-matters/index.html|access-date=November 13, 2024|website=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Sedghi|first=Amy|date=November 10, 2024|title=Trump wins Arizona to clinch sweep of seven battleground states|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/nov/10/trump-wins-arizona-completing-sweep-of-all-seven-battleground-states-ap-reports|access-date=November 13, 2024|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Republican Party == === Potential candidates === {{Gallery|File:Ron DeSantis official photo (cropped).jpg|{{center|[[Governor of Florida|Governor]]<br/> '''[[Ron DeSantis]]'''<br/> of [[Florida]]<br>(2019–present)}}|File:Brian Kemp 2023.jpg|{{center|[[Governor of Georgia|Governor]]<br/>'''[[Brian Kemp]]'''<br/>of [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]<br>(2019–present)}}|File:JD Vance Inaugural Portrait (cropped).png|{{center|[[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]]<br/> '''[[JD Vance]]'''<br/> from [[Ohio]]}}|File:Glenn Youngkin in September 2021.jpg|{{center|[[Governor of Virginia|Governor]]<br/>'''[[Glenn Youngkin]]'''<br/> of [[Virginia]]<br>(2022–present)}}|title=Potential Republican candidates{{Efn|Individuals listed below have been mentioned as potential 2028 presidential candidates in at least two reliable media sources in the last six months.|name=CandidateNote}}|align=center|footer=|style=|state=|mode=packed|height=160|width=160|captionstyle=}} ==== Ron DeSantis ==== [[Ron DeSantis]] has been the governor of Florida since 2019 and recently ran for the Republican nomination in [[Ron DeSantis 2024 presidential campaign|2024]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nehamas|first=Nicholas|date=January 19, 2024|title=Ron DeSantis Is Quietly Starting to Build His Off-Ramp From 2024|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/19/us/politics/desantis-2024-race-trump.html|access-date=March 8, 2024|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> He appeared in a debate with California governor Gavin Newsom hosted by [[Fox News]]' [[Sean Hannity]] in November 2023, in what was viewed by [[NBC News]] as a potential 2028 presidential bid.<ref name="NBCDebate">{{Cite web|last=Allen|first=Jonathan|date=November 30, 2023|title=Gavin Newsom and Ron DeSantis battle for the presidency — in one election or the next|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2024-election/gavin-newsom-ron-desantis-battle-presidency-2024-2028-election-rcna126738|access-date=November 11, 2024|publisher=[[NBC News]]}}</ref> ==== Brian Kemp ==== [[Brian Kemp]] has been the governor of Georgia since 2019.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kilgore|first=Ed|date=May 28, 2024|title=Brian Kemp Is the Most Successful Anti-Trump Republican|language=en-US|work=[[New York (magazine)|New York]]|url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/brian-kemp-successful-anti-trump-republican.html|access-date=November 27, 2024}}</ref> Kemp has been seen as a potential candidate as being term-limited as governor. New sources believe Kemp will either run for U.S. Senate in 2026 or for president in 2028.<ref>{{cite news|last=Allison|first=Natalie|date=May 28, 2024|title=Brian Kemp will attend GOP convention as he builds up political operation|work=[[Politico]]|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/05/28/brian-kemp-political-future-convention-00160005|access-date=May 28, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Gringlas|first=Sam|date=October 29, 2024|title=In a razor-thin race, Trump's complicated ties with Georgia's governor could matter|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/2024/10/28/nx-s1-5168017/2024-election-georgia-donald-trump-brian-kemp|access-date=November 27, 2024}}</ref> ==== JD Vance ==== [[JD Vance]] has been the Vice President of the United States since 2025. He was elected vice president after winning the 2024 election as Trump's running mate. Vance is the frontrunner in the primary election, according to ''[[The New York Times]].''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cohn|first=Nate|author-link=Nate Cohn|date=July 16, 2024|title=How Will Vance Affect the Race? Look at 2028, Not 2024.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/16/upshot/vance-trump-vice-president.html|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> He has been dubbed the "[[Make America Great Again|MAGA]] heir-apparent" or "heir apparent of Trumpism" according to ''[[USA Today]].''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pfannenstiel|first=Brianne|date=July 17, 2024|title=JD Vance is now the MAGA heir-apparent. Does that make him the front-runner for 2028?|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2024/07/17/jd-vance-is-now-the-maga-heir-apparent-and-a-favorite-for-2028/74411365007/|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> ''[[The Hill (magazine)|The Hill]]'' stated that Vance's debate performance against Minnesota Governor [[Tim Walz]] in October 2024 improved his status as a presidential contender.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Weaver|first=Al|date=October 3, 2024|title=Debate performance gives Vance 2028 White House boost|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4912457-jd-vance-debate-2028-white-house/|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[The Hill (magazine)|The Hill]]}}</ref> ==== Glenn Youngkin ==== [[Glenn Youngkin]] has been the governor of Virginia since 2022, and cannot run for re-election by the state's constitution to a second consecutive term. Youngkin has been reported as a possible candidate by ''[[Politico]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Martin|first=Jonathan|date=June 12, 2024|title=What Happened to Glenn Youngkin?|url=https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2024/06/16/glenn-youngkin-gop-00163551|access-date=November 12, 2024|work=[[Politico]]}}</ref> According to ''[[The Washington Post]]'', he is prepping for a 2028 presidential bid.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Vozzella|first=Laura|date=July 16, 2024|title=After last-minute VP frenzy, Youngkin seems to lay groundwork for 2028|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2024/07/16/youngkin-virginia-2028/|url-status=live|access-date=November 12, 2024|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240717023621/https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2024/07/16/youngkin-virginia-2028/|archive-date=July 17, 2024}}</ref> == Democratic Party == === Potential candidates === {{Gallery|File : Andy Beshear 2024 (cropped).jpg|{{center|[[Governor of Kentucky|Governor]]<br>'''[[Andy Beshear]]'''<br>of [[Kentucky]]<br>(2019–present)}}|File:Pete Buttigieg, Secretary of Transportation (cropped).jpg|{{center|Former [[United States Secretary of Transportation|Secretary of Transportation]]<br>'''[[Pete Buttigieg]]'''<br>from [[Michigan]]<br>(2021–2025)}}|File : Roy Cooper in November 2023 (cropped).jpg|{{center|Former Governor<br>'''[[Roy Cooper]]'''<br>of [[North Carolina]]<br>(2017–2025)}}|File:Kamala Harris Vice Presidential Portrait (cropped).jpg|{{center|Former Vice President<br>'''[[Kamala Harris]]'''<br>from [[California]]<br>(2021–2025)}}|File:Wes Moore Official Governor Portrait (9x12).jpg|{{center|[[Governor of Maryland|Governor]]<br>'''[[Wes Moore]]'''<br>of [[Maryland]]<br>(2023–present)}}|File:Newsom April 2024 (cropped2).jpg|{{center|[[Governor of California|Governor]]<br>'''[[Gavin Newsom]]'''<br>of [[California]]<br>(2019–present)}} <!-- |File:Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Official Portrait (cropped 2).jpg|{{center|[[New York's 14th congressional district#List of members representing the district|Representative]]<br>'''[[Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez]]'''<br>from [[New York (state)|New York]]<br>(2019–present)}} -->|File:Rep. Dean Phillips, official photo (2021) (cropped).jpg|{{center|[[Minnesota's 3rd congressional district|Representative]]<br>'''[[Dean Phillips]]'''<br>from [[Minnesota]]<br>(2019–present)}}|File:Governor JB Pritzker official portrait 2019 (crop).jpg|{{center|[[Governor of Illinois|Governor]]<br>'''[[J. B. Pritzker|JB Pritzker]]'''<br>of [[Illinois]]<br>(2019–present)}}|File:Gov. Shapiro (cropped).jpg|{{center|[[Governor of Pennsylvania|Governor]]<br>'''[[Josh Shapiro]]'''<br>of [[Pennsylvania]]<br>(2023–present)}}|title=Potential Democratic candidates{{Efn|name=CandidateNote}}|align=center|footer=|style=|state=|mode=packed|height=160|width=160|captionstyle=|File:8R4A9872 (53367444225) (Whitmer1).jpg|{{center|[[Governor of Michigan|Governor]]<br>'''[[Gretchen Whitmer]]'''<br>of [[Michigan]]<br>(2019–present)}}}} ==== Andy Beshear ==== [[Andy Beshear]] has been the governor of Kentucky since 2019. He was recently on the shortlist to be the vice presidential nominee for the 2024 election,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Greve|first=Joan E.|date=August 4, 2024|title=Who is Andy Beshear, the Kentucky governor who could be Harris's vice-presidential pick?|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/aug/04/andy-beshear-vp-pick-kamala-harris-speculation|access-date=November 17, 2024|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> and was seen as a potential replacement for President [[Joe Biden]] before he [[Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election|withdrew]] from the race.<ref>{{Cite web|author=McHugh, Calder|date=July 21, 2024|title=How Biden's potential replacements could help — and hurt — Democrats' chances|url=https://www.politico.com/interactives/2024/democrats-biden-replacement-pros-cons/|access-date=November 17, 2024|website=Politico|language=en}}</ref> In October 2024, Beshear headlined an event for the [[New Hampshire Democratic Party|New Hampshire Democrats]], a key early primary state, where he promoted both himself and Vice President Kamala Harris to attendees, signaling his future aspirations.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wren|first=Adam|date=November 11, 2024|title=Who will lead Democrats in 2028? Meet the leaders positioning themselves to make moves.|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/11/11/2028-shadow-primary-underway-democratic-00188626|website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> In response to ongoing speculation about his political ambitions, Beshear has stated in an interview with [[WDKY-TV]] that he will "see what the future holds", without actually ruling out a potential presidential run.<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 7, 2024|title=Kentucky Gov. Beshear talks Harris loss, 2028 presidential run|url=https://fox56news.com/news/kentucky/kentucky-gov-beshear-talks-harris-loss-2028-presidential-run/|access-date=November 17, 2024|website=FOX 56 News|language=en-US|quote="'We'll see what the future holds in the future, but, right now, my only focus is on this job, is about making sure that I continue to stand up for Kentuckians and all Americans,' Beshear said."|archive-date=November 29, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241129161317/https://fox56news.com/news/kentucky/kentucky-gov-beshear-talks-harris-loss-2028-presidential-run/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==== Roy Cooper ==== [[Roy Cooper]] served as the governor of North Carolina from 2017 to 2025. He was considered a potential contender to be the vice presidential nominee for the 2024 election but removed himself from consideration.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Miller|first1=Zeke|last2=Min Kim|first2=Seung|date=July 29, 2024|title=NC Gov. Cooper opted out of Harris VP vetting, in part over worry about GOP lieutenant: AP sources|url=https://apnews.com/article/harris-cooper-vice-president-vetting-9ff2a5abf9f4191e5ccb2d52e57b06a3|access-date=December 9, 2024|publisher=The Associated Press}}</ref> The ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'' mentioned that Cooper could be a contender for the Democratic party’s 2028 nomination.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bruni|first1=Frank|date=November 14, 2024|title=Newsom? Whitmer? Shapiro? 2024 Could Kill Their 2028 Dreams|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/14/opinion/2028-democrats-newsom-whitmer.html|access-date=December 9, 2024|work=The New York Times}}</ref> ''[[Politico]]'' has also referred to Cooper as a potential contender for the 2028 Democratic Party's presidential nomination.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sentner|first1=Irie|date=December 7, 2024|title=Democratic governors (and 2028 hopefuls) gather to chart path under a Trump administration|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/12/07/demogratic-governors-trump-2028-00193169|access-date=December 9, 2024|publisher=Politico}}</ref> ==== Kamala Harris ==== [[Kamala Harris]] was the vice president of the United States from 2021 to 2025. She became the nominee for president in the [[2024 United States presidential election|2024 presidential election]] after Biden withdrew his bid, losing to [[Donald Trump]].<ref name="NYTimesHarrisOptions2">{{Cite web|last1=Epstein|first1=Reid|last2=Rogers|first2=Katie|last3=Green|first3=Eric|date=November 7, 2024|title=What's Next for Kamala Harris? Here Are Six Options.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/07/us/politics/kamala-harris-2028-run-for-president.html|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Harris, who has the largest donor network in the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], may run for the presidency again in 2028 according to ''[[The New York Times]]''<ref name="NYTimesHarrisOptions2" /> and ''[[Politico]].''<ref name="PoliticoMovesSink2">{{Cite web|last1=Wren|first1=Adam|last2=Cadelago|first2=Christopher|last3=Kashinsky|first3=Lisa|last4=Otterbein|first4=Holly|last5=Schneider|first5=Elena|date=November 11, 2024|title=Who will lead Democrats in 2028? Meet the leaders positioning themselves to make moves.|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/11/11/2028-shadow-primary-underway-democratic-00188626|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[Politico]]}}</ref> Her her loss in the last election could be seen as a disadvantage.<ref name="NYTimesHarrisOptions2" /> In November 2024, ''Politico'' reported that Harris is considering running for president in 2028 or for California governor in [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026]].<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Cadelago|first1=Christopher|last2=Daniels|first2=Eugene|date=November 25, 2024|title=Harris is telling her advisers and allies to keep her political options open|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/11/25/kamala-harris-advisers-options-open-00191393|access-date=November 25, 2024|work=[[Politico]]}}</ref> ==== Wes Moore ==== [[Wes Moore]] has been the governor of Maryland since 2023. Moore has been mentioned by ''Politico'' after Trump's victory as one of the Democrats positioning themself for a potential presidential run in 2028.<ref name="PoliticoMovesSink2" /> It was also reported by ''[[The Baltimore Sun]]'' that if Moore is a force campaigning for Democrats in the upcoming midterm cycle, he could position himself as a national voice that would be in talks for the presidency in 2028.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Janesch|first1=Sam|date=November 12, 2024|title=Who's going to lead the Democratic Party after defeat? Why Wes Moore's name is coming up|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2024/11/12/whos-going-to-lead-the-democratic-party-after-defeat-why-wes-moores-name-is-coming-up/|access-date=November 19, 2024|work=The Baltimore Sun}}</ref> ==== Gavin Newsom ==== [[Gavin Newsom]] has served as the governor of California since 2019. Newsom has been viewed as a contender for the 2028 presidential election by ''The New York Times'',<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hubler|first=Shawn|date=November 21, 2024|title=Newsom to Visit California's Trump Country: 'Message Received'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/21/us/newsom-california-counties-trump.html|access-date=November 22, 2024|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> ''Politico'',<ref name="PoliticoMovesSink2" /> and ''The Washington Post'' after he garnered national attention by December 2023.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Reston|first=Maeve|date=December 1, 2023|title=Gavin Newsom 2028? His early moves offer a potential glimpse.|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2023/11/30/gavin-newsom-presidential-race-2028/|access-date=November 11, 2024}}</ref> He was seen as a potential replacement for Biden after his withdrawal from the 2024 election by ''The New York Times''.<ref name="NYTimesTicket2">{{Cite web|last1=Cameron|first1=Chris|last2=Nagourney|first2=Adam|author-link2=Adam Nagourney|date=June 28, 2024|title=Who Will Replace Biden at the Top of the Ticket?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/article/joe-biden-democrats-nomination-gavin-newsom-whitmer.html|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> According to ''The New York Times'', Newsom was considering a bid for the presidency by September 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nagourney|first=Adam|author-link=Adam Nagourney|date=September 28, 2023|title=Newsom Is in the Spin Room to Pump Up Biden, and Maybe Himself|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/28/us/politics/newsom-president-biden.html|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> In November 2023, he appeared in a debate with Florida Governor [[Ron DeSantis]] hosted by Fox News' Sean Hannity. The debate was seen as a potential presidential bid by [[NBC News]].<ref name="NBCDebate3" /> ==== Dean Phillips ==== [[Dean Phillips]] has served as the representative of [[Minnesota's 3rd congressional district]] since 2019. Phillips [[Dean Phillips 2024 presidential campaign|ran a campaign]] against Biden in the [[2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries|2024 Democratic presidential primaries]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=John|first1=Arit|last2=McKend|first2=Eva|last3=Pellish|first3=Aaron|date=October 27, 2023|title=House Democrat Dean Phillips launches primary challenge against President Biden|url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/26/politics/dean-phillips-presidential-campaign-launch/index.html|access-date=December 12, 2024|publisher=CNN}}</ref> Phillips received the second-highest number of delegates of any candidate in the primaries, but was unsuccessful.<ref>{{cite web|title=2024 Presidential Primary Delegate Tracker|url=https://www.usatoday.com/elections/results/2024/presidential-delegates|access-date=December 12, 2024|publisher=USA Today}}</ref> In an interview with ''[[CBS Minnesota]]'', Phillips was asked about his future political aspirations. He ruled out a bid for the U.S. senate or the governor's office in 2026 but said, "never say never" regarding another presidential campaign in 2028.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cummings|first1=Caroline|date=November 29, 2024|title=Rep. Dean Phillips: Dem primary would've "elevated a candidate better positioned to win" presidency|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/rep-dean-phillips-competitive-democratic-primary-wouldve-elevated-a-candidate-better-positioned-to-win-presidency/|access-date=December 12, 2024|publisher=CBS News}}</ref> The ''[[HuffPost]]'' reported that after the election, Phillips said of his White House bid, “I would do it a thousand times again.”<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nicholson|first1=Jonathan|date=November 21, 2024|title=Dean Phillips, Early Challenger To Biden For 2024 Nomination: I Would Do It All Again|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/dean-phillips-stands-by-decision-to-challenge-biden_n_673fa647e4b090a704c8eadc|access-date=December 12, 2024|publisher=HuffPost}}</ref> [[J. B. Pritzker|JB Pritzker]] has been the governor of Illinois since 2019. Pritzker is a potential Democratic contender, according to ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sfondeles|first=Tina|date=November 8, 2024|title=JB Pritzker studies Project 2025 and Trump, ponders his own political future|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/elections/2024/11/08/pritzker-presidential-run-2028-donald-trump-project-2025|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]}}</ref> With Newsom, he donated to Middleton.<ref name="AxiosCheck2">{{Cite web|last=Thompson|first=Alex|date=November 6, 2023|title=Newsom, Pritzker signal White House ambitions in donations to S. Carolina candidate|url=https://www.axios.com/2023/11/06/newsom-pritzker-south-carolina-elections|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[Axios (website)|Axios]]}}</ref> ==== Josh Shapiro ==== [[Josh Shapiro]] has been the governor of Pennsylvania since 2023. Shapiro has been seen as a critical figure in Pennsylvania by Democratic strategists and officials, according to ''Politico'' and as a politician who could gain votes from white working-class voters, according to [[CNN]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dovere|first=Edward-Isaac|date=November 10, 2024|title=Still-stunned Democrats begin to squint toward their future|url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/11/10/politics/democrats-election-party-future-voters/index.html|access-date=November 11, 2024|publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> He was said to be a front-runner in the primary by ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=McGoldrick|first=Gilliam|date=November 7, 2024|title=Welcome to the 2028 presidential election cycle, where Pa. Gov. Josh Shapiro is a front-runner|url=https://www.inquirer.com/politics/election/josh-shapiro-2028-presidential-election-frontrunner-20241107.html|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]}}</ref> According to ''The New York Times'', Shapiro was seen as a potential replacement for Biden.<ref name="NYTimesTicket2" /> ==== Gretchen Whitmer ==== [[Gretchen Whitmer]] had been the governor of Michigan since 2019. Whitmer has been discussed as a contender in 2028, although she distanced herself from speculation in an interview with [[Lulu Garcia-Navarro]] of ''[[The New York Times Magazine]]'' in June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Garcia-Navarro|first=Lulu|author-link=Lulu Garcia-Navarro|date=June 22, 2024|title=Gretchen Whitmer Wants a Gen X President — in 2028|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/22/magazine/gretchen-whitmer-interview.html|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[The New York Times Magazine]]}}</ref> She disavowed a movement to replace Biden.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Martin|first=Jonathan|date=July 1, 2024|title=Whitmer Disavows 'Draft Gretch' Movement — and Delivers A Warning to Biden|url=https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2024/07/01/whitmer-biden-democrats-2028-00165995|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[Politico]]}}</ref> == Declined to be candidates == The following individuals stated that they would not run for president: * [[John Fetterman]], U.S. Senator from [[Pennsylvania]] (2023–present) and 34th [[Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania]] (2019–2023) * [[Mark Cuban]], billionaire businessman, co-owner of the [[Dallas Mavericks]], and co-founder of [[2929 Entertainment]]<ref name="NBCNewsJockeying">{{Cite web|last1=Smith|first1=Allan|last2=Korecki|first2=Natasha|last3=Seitz-Wald|first3=Alex|date=November 16, 2024|title=Democratic jockeying for the 2028 presidential election is already underway|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/democratic-jockeying-2028-presidential-election-already-underway-rcna179653|access-date=November 24, 2024|publisher=[[NBC News]]}}</ref> * [[Donald Trump Jr.]], [[businessman]] and son of incumbent president [[Donald Trump]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-07|title=Donald Trump Jr. Denies Presidential Run Rumors In Expletive-Filled Statement|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/donald-trump-jr-2028-presidential-run-rumors_n_67cb4bfce4b056d4513235af|access-date=2025-03-11|website=HuffPost|language=en}}</ref> == Opinion polling == ===Republican primary=== ==== Aggregate ==== {| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;" |- valign="bottom" style="font-size:90%;" !Aggregator !Updated !JD Vance !Donald Trump Jr. !Ron DeSantis !Chris Christie !Nikki Haley !Macro Rubio !Robert F. Kennedy Jr. !Other !Lead |- |[https://www.racetothewh.com/president/2028/gop Race to the WH] |July 2, 2025 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''45.1%''' |19.5% |9.0% |4% |4.1% |9.6% |4.8% |3.9% | {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''Vance +25.6%''' |} ==== Nationwide ==== {| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;" |- valign="bottom" style="font-size:90%;" ! Poll source ! Date(s) administered ! Sample size{{Efn|name="Key"}} ! Ted<br>Cruz ! Ron<br />DeSantis ! Nikki<br />Haley ! Robert F.<br />Kennedy Jr. {{Efn|Registered Independent, left Democratic Party in 2023}} ! Vivek<br />Ramaswamy ! Marco<br>Rubio ! Donald<br>Trump{{efn|name=Ineligible|Ineligible per 22nd Amendment to the Constitution}} ! Donald<br>Trump Jr. ! JD<br />Vance ! Other ! Undecided |- |[https://echelonin.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/March-2025-Voter-Omnibus-Topline-External.pdf Echelon Insights] |March 10–13, 2025 |450 (LV) |5% |7% |7% |7% |3% |4% |— |— | {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''46%''' |5%{{Efn|Kristi Noem 2%, Sarah Huckabee Sanders 1%, Glenn Youngkin 1%, Josh Hawley 1%, Tim Scott 1%}} |16% |- | [https://mclaughlinonline.com/pols/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/National-February-Presentation-RELEASE-02-18-25.pdf McLaughlin & Associates] | February 11–18, 2025 | 468 (LV) | — | 6% | 3% | — | 4% | 3% | — | 17% | {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''37%''' | 10%{{efn|Tulsi Gabbard and Kristi Noem with 2%; Greg Abbott, Tom Cotton, Larry Hogan, Sarah Huckabee Sanders, Rick Scott, and Tim Scott with 1%; Elise Stefanik and Glenn Youngkin with 0%}} | 22% |- | [http://echelonin.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/February-2025-Voter-Omnibus-Topline-External.pdf Echelon Insights] | February 10–13, 2025 | 466 LV | 4% | 10% | 8% | — | 5% | 4% | — | — | {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''39%''' | 10%{{efn|Kristi Noem and Sarah Huckabee Sanders with 2%; Doug Burgum, Josh Hawley, Tim Scott, and Glenn Youngkin with 1%; Katie Britt and Elise Stefanik with <1%; "Someone else" with 2%}} | 20% |- | [https://mclaughlinonline.com/pols/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/National-January-Presentation-RELEASE-01-28-25.pdf McLaughlin & Associates] | January 22–27, 2025 | 453 (LV) | — | 8% | 2% | — | 3% | 3% | — | 21% | {{Party shading/Republican}} |'''27%''' | 11%{{efn|Tulsi Gabbard with 3%; Gregg Abbott & Glenn Youngkin with 2%; Larry Hogan, Kristi Noem, Sarah Huckabee Sanders & Tim Scott with 1%}} | 24% |- style="background:lightyellow;" | style="border-right-style:hidden; background:lightyellow;" | | style="border-right-style:hidden; " |January 20, 2025 | colspan="12" | [[Second inauguration of Donald Trump]] |- | [https://mclaughlinonline.com/pols/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/National-December-Presentation-RELEASE-12-17-24.pdf McLaughlin & Associates] | December 11–16, 2024 | 463 (LV) | — | 9% | 4% | – | 4% | 2% |— | 21% | {{Party shading/Republican}} |'''25%''' | 9%{{efn|Tim Scott with 3%; Tulsi Gabbard, Sarah Huckabee Sanders & Glenn Youngkin with 2%; Greg Abbott, Tom Cotton, Kristi Noem & Rick Scott with 1%; Larry Hogan & Elise Stefanik with <1%}} | 24% |- | [https://pro.morningconsult.com/analysis/2028-gop-primary-polling-december-2024 Morning Consult] | December 6–8, 2024 | 994 (RV) | — | 9% | 6% | 5% | 5% | 1% |— | '''30%''' | '''30%''' | 19%{{efn|Greg Abbott, Tucker Carlson, Brian Kemp, Sarah Huckabee Sanders, and Glenn Youngkin with 1%; Someone else with 5%; Would not vote with 4%}} | — |- | [https://emersoncollegepolling.com/november-2024-national-poll-trump-favorability-jumps-post-election-2028-election-kicks-off-with-harris-and-vance-leading-primaries/ Emerson College] | November 20–22, 2024 | 420 (RV) | 1% | 5% | 2% | 2% | 3% | 1% | 23% | — | {{Party shading/Republican}} |'''30%''' | 9%{{efn|Tulsi Gabbard and Candace Owens with 1%; Elon Musk, and Glenn Youngkin with <1%; Someone else with 5%}}{{efn|Musk is not eligible to serve as president as he is not a natural-born citizen}} | '''28%''' |- | [https://echeloninsights.com/in-the-news/nov-2024-verified-voter-omnibus/ Echelon Insights] | November 14–18, 2024 | 483 (LV) | 5% | 8% | 9% | — | 9% | 5% | — | — | {{Party shading/Republican}} |'''37%''' | 9%{{efn|Sarah Huckabee Sanders with 2%; Josh Hawley, Tim Scott, Glenn Youngkin, and Kristi Noem with 1%; Katie Britt, Doug Burgum, and Elise Stefanik with 0%; Someone else with 3%}} | 18% |- |- style="background:lightyellow;" | style="border-right-style:hidden; background:lightyellow;" | | style="border-right-style:hidden; " |November 5, 2024 | colspan="12" | [[2024 United States presidential election]] held. |- |[https://echeloninsights.com/in-the-news/july2024-verified-voter-omnibus-2-2-2-2/ Echelon Insights] |July 19–21, 2024 |456 (LV) |4% |14% |9% | — |10% |2% | | — |{{Party shading/Republican}} |'''25%''' |16%{{efn|Sarah Huckabee Sanders with 3%; Josh Hawley, and Tim Scott with 2%; Katie Britt, Byron Donalds, and Glenn Youngkin with 1%}} |{{Party shading/Undecided}} |'''21%''' |- |[https://x.com/Politics_Polls/status/1749632663122505993?s=20 Echelon Insights] |January 16–18, 2024 |832 (RV) |— |{{Party shading/Republican}} |'''27%''' |19% | — |18% |— | | — |1% |18%{{efn|Tucker Carlson with 6%; Greg Abbott with 3%; Kari Lake and Glenn Youngkin with 2%; Tom Cotton, Byron Donalds, Josh Hawley, Brian Kemp, and Elise Stefanik with 1%; Katie Britt with 0%}} |17% |- |} ==== Statewide ==== ===== Florida ===== {| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;" |- valign="bottom" style="font-size:90%;" ! Poll source ! Date(s) administered ! Sample size{{efn|name="Key"|Key:<br />A – all adults<br />RV – registered voters<br />LV – likely voters<br />V – unclear}} ! JD<br />Vance ! Ron<br />DeSantis ! Undecided |- | [https://floridapolitics.com/archives/724265-desantis-vance-florida-poll/ Fabrizio] | February 26–27, 2025 | 600 LV | {{Party shading/Republican}} | 47% | 33% | 20% |- |} === Democratic primary === ==== Aggregate ==== {| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;" |- valign="bottom" style="font-size:90%;" !Aggregator !Updated !Kamala Harris !Pete Buttigieg !Gavin Newsom !Cory Booker !Alexandria<br />Ocasio-Cortez !Tim Walz !Josh Shapiro !Other !Lead |- |[https://www.racetothewh.com/president/2028/dem Race to the WH] |July 2, 2025 | {{party shading/Democratic}} | '''24.2%''' |14.6% |10.8% |5.2% |9.9% |4.4% |5% |25.9% | {{party shading/Democratic}} | '''Harris +9.6%''' |} ==== Nationwide ==== {| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;" |- valign="bottom" style="font-size:90%;" ! Poll source ! Date(s) administered ! Sample size{{efn|name="Key"|Key:<br />A – all adults<br />RV – registered voters<br />LV – likely voters<br />V – unclear}} ! Pete<br />Buttigieg !Mark Cuban ! Kamala<br />Harris ! Gavin<br />Newsom ! Alexandria<br />Ocasio-Cortez ! Josh<br>Shapiro ! Tim<br>Walz ! Other ! Undecided |- |[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/kamala-harris-2028-democratic-primary-b2719928.html Morning Consult] |March 14–16, 2025 | |10% |4% | {{party shading/Democratic}} | '''36%''' |5% |5% |4% |5% |23%{{Efn|Mark Cuban 4%, Cory Booker 3%, Gretchen Whitmer 2%, JB Pritzker 2%, Andy Beshear 2%, Amy Klobuchar 2%, Chris Murphy 1%, Jared Polis 1%, John Fetterman 1%, Wes Moore 1%, Rahm Emanuel 1%, Raphael Warnock 1%, Ruben Gallego <1%, Someone else 2%}} |13% |- |[https://echelonin.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/March-2025-Voter-Omnibus-Topline-External.pdf Echelon Insights] |March 10–13, 2025 |457 (LV) |10% |3% | {{party shading/Democratic}} | '''33%''' |7% |7% |2% |5% |21%{{Efn|Jasmine Crockett 3%, Mark Cuban 3%, JB Pritzker 2%, Gretchen Whitmer 2%, Cory Booker 2%, Andy Beshear 2%, Jared Polis 1%, John Fetterman 1%, Raphael Warnock 1%, Chris Murphy 1%, Jon Stewart 1%, Stephen A Smith <1%, Wes Moore <1%}} |15% |- | [https://www.surveyusa.com/client/PollReport.aspx?g=677c71f7-f291-4d3e-800c-b2bb85f3a305 SurveyUSA] | February 13–16, 2025 | 835 (RV) | 11% |7% | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''37%''' | 9% | 7% | 6% | 0% | 20%{{efn|Someone else with 11%; Mark Cuban with 7%; Gretchen Whitmer with 4%; Andy Beshear with 3%; Wes Moore with 2%; Phil Murphy with 1%}} | — |- | [https://mclaughlinonline.com/pols/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/National-February-Presentation-RELEASE-02-18-25.pdf McLaughlin & Associates] | February 11–18, 2025 | 418 (LV) | 8% |— | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''36%''' | 4% | 3% | 3% | 4% | 20%{{efn|Gretchen Whitmer with 4%; Amy Klobuchar with 3%; Roy Cooper, Beto O'Rourke, and JB Pritzker with 2%; Wes Moore, Phil Murphy, Deval Patrick, and Stephen A. Smith with 1%; Jared Polis with 0%}} | 23% |- | [http://echelonin.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/February-2025-Voter-Omnibus-Topline-External.pdf Echelon Insights] | February 10–13, 2025 | 447 (LV) | 10% |3% | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''36%''' | 6% | 5% | 3% | 9% | 21%{{efn|Gretchen Whitmer with 4%; Mark Cuban with 3%; Cory Booker, Jasmine Crockett, John Fetterman, JB Pritzker, and Raphael Warnock with 2%; Andy Beshear, Ruben Gallego, and Jared Polis with 1%; Wes Moore and Stephen A. Smith with <1%; "Someone else" with 1%}} | 10% |- | [https://mclaughlinonline.com/pols/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/National-January-Presentation-RELEASE-01-28-25.pdf McLaughlin & Associates] | January 22–27, 2025 | 414 (LV) | 9% |— | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''33%''' | 7% | 6% | 3% | 3% | 23%{{efn|Amy Klobuchar & Gretchen Whitmer with 3%; Cory Booker, Wes Moore, & Stephen A. Smith with 2%; Phil Murphy, Jared Polis, JB Pritzker, & Beto O'Rourke with 1%, Deval Patrick with <1%}} | 22% |- style="background:lightyellow;" | style="border-right-style:hidden; background:lightyellow;" | | style="border-right-style:hidden; " |January 20, 2025 | colspan="13" | [[Second inauguration of Donald Trump]] |- | [https://mclaughlinonline.com/pols/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/National-December-Presentation-RELEASE-12-17-24.pdf McLaughlin & Associates] | December 11–16, 2024 | 428 (LV) | 12% |— | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''35%''' | 7% | 3% | 5% | 5% | 18%{{efn|JB Pritzker, Gretchen Whitmer & Beto O'Rourke with 3%; Cory Booker with 2%; Amy Klobuchar, Wes Moore, Phil Murphy & Deval Patrick with 1%; Jared Polis with <1%}} | 19% |- | [https://emersoncollegepolling.com/november-2024-national-poll-trump-favorability-jumps-post-election-2028-election-kicks-off-with-harris-and-vance-leading-primaries/ Emerson College] | November 20–22, 2024 | 400 (RV) | 4% |— | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''37%''' | 7% | 1% | 3% | 1% | 16%{{efn|Gretchen Whitmer with 3%; Michelle Obama and Bernie Sanders with 2%; Hakeem Jeffries, Wes Moore, JB Pritzker, Jon Stewart, and Rashida Tlaib with 1%; Andy Beshear and Mark Kelly with <1%; Someone else with 4%}} | 35% |- | [https://echeloninsights.com/in-the-news/nov-2024-verified-voter-omnibus/ Echelon Insights] | November 14–18, 2024 | 457 (LV) | 6% |— | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''41%''' | 8% | 4% | 7% | 6% | 12%{{efn|Gretchen Whitmer with 3%; J.B. Pritzker, Andy Beshear, and Cory Booker with 2%; Jared Polis and Wes Moore with 1%; Someone else with 1%}} | 16% |- | [https://pro.morningconsult.com/analysis/kamala-harris-2028-democratic-primary-polling-november-2024/ Morning Consult] | November 15–17, 2024 | 1,012 (V) | 9% |— | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''43%''' | 8% | 4% | 5% | 7% | 23%{{efn|Gretchen Whitmer with 3%; Cory Booker, Amy Klobuchar, Elizabeth Warren, and Andy Beshear with 2%; Wes Moore, JB Pritzker, and John Fetterman with 1%; "Someone else" with 3%; "Would not vote" with 6%}} | — |- style="background:lightyellow;" | style="border-right-style:hidden; background:lightyellow;" | | style="border-right-style:hidden; background:lightyellow;" |November 5, 2024 | colspan="11" style="background:lightyellow;" | [[2024 United States presidential election]] held. |- |[https://www.politico.com/f/?id=0000018f-f8f8-d844-a1ff-fffed00f0000 Morning Consult/Politico] |May 28–29, 2024 |3,997 (RV) | 10% |— | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''21%''' | 10% | — | 3% | — | 12%{{efn|Mark Kelly and Gretchen Whitmer with 4%; "Someone else" with 7%}} | {{Party shading/Undecided}} |'''41%''' |- |[https://x.com/Politics_Polls/status/1749182192796811384?s=20 Echelon Insights] |January 16–18, 2024 |499 (RV) | 13% |— | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''33%''' | 11% | — | 2% | — | 12%{{efn|J. B. Pritzker and Gretchen Whitmer with 3%; John Fetterman, and Raphael Warnock with 2%; Andy Beshear and Wes Moore with 1%}} | 29% |- |} ==== Statewide ==== ===== California ===== {| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;" |- valign="bottom" style="font-size:90%;" ! Poll source ! Date(s) administered ! Sample size{{efn|name="Key"|Key:<br />A – all adults<br />RV – registered voters<br />LV – likely voters<br />V – unclear}} ! Cory<br />Booker ! Pete<br />Buttigieg ! Kamala<br />Harris ! Amy<br />Klobuchar ! Gavin<br />Newsom ! Josh<br>Shapiro ! Gretchen<br>Whitmer ! Other ! Undecided |- | [https://capitolweekly.net/ca-120-dems-in-a-funk-but-harris-and-newsom-could-still-shine/ Capitol Weekly] | February 6, 2025 | 681 V | 5% | 15% | 15% | 6% | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''27%''' | 6% | 6% | 20%{{efn|JB Pritzker with 1%; Ruben Gallego and Wes Moore with <1%; "Other" with 18%}} | — |- |} === General election === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;line-height:17px" |- ! rowspan=2|Poll source ! rowspan=2|Date(s)<br/>administered ! rowspan=2|Sample<br/>size{{Efn|name="Key"}} ! [[Donald Trump]]<br><small>{{nobold|[[Republican Party (US)|(R)]]}}</small>{{efn|name=Ineligible|Ineligible per 22nd Amendment to the Constitution}} ! [[JD Vance]]<br><small>{{nobold|[[Republican Party (US)|(R)]]}}</small> ! [[Kamala Harris]]<br><small>{{nobold|[[Democratic Party (US)|(D)]]}}</small> ! [[Gavin Newsom]]<br><small>{{nobold|[[Democratic Party (US)|(D)]]}}</small> ! [[Barack Obama]]<br><small>{{nobold|[[Democratic Party (US)|(D)]]}}</small>{{efn|name=Ineligible}} ! [[Josh Shapiro]]<br><small>{{nobold|[[Democratic Party (US)|(D)]]}}</small> ! [[Gretchen Whitmer]]<br><small>{{nobold|[[Democratic Party (US)|(D)]]}}</small> ! rowspan=2|Undecided |- ! data-sort-type="number" style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}};"| ! data-sort-type="number" style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}};"| ! data-sort-type="number" style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}};"| ! data-sort-type="number" style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}};"| ! data-sort-type="number" style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}};"| ! data-sort-type="number" style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}};"| ! data-sort-type="number" style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}};"| |- | [https://x.com/ChangePolls/status/1899198176000663779 Change Research] | March 10, 2025 | | 42% | | | | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''49%''' | | | 9% |- style="background:lightyellow;" | style="border-right-style:hidden; background:lightyellow;" | | style="border-right-style:hidden; " |January 20, 2025 | colspan="9" | [[Second inauguration of Donald Trump]] |- |rowspan=4| [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1ci0xpqxyX4XKKdVjeijssSxKARFxkBYmQeLjES1pcac/edit?gid=1780005197#gid=1780005197 On Point/SoCal Strategies] |rowspan=4| December 23, 2024 |rowspan=4| 656 (A) | | 41% | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''43%''' | | | | | 16% |- | | {{Party shading/Republican}} | ''' 37%''' | | 34% | | | | 29% |- | | {{Party shading/Republican}} | ''' 37%''' | | | | 34% | | 29% |- | | {{Party shading/Republican}} | ''' 40%''' | | | | | 33% | 26% |- | [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1D6ZAYUN8ius5Euw52-5uX7AVnpx414qG/view American Pulse Research & Polling] | December 17–20, 2024 | 661 (LV) | | 46% | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''47%''' | | | | | 7% |} == Notes == {{notelist}} {{reflist|group=note}} == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:2028 elections]] [[Category:United States presidential elections]] [[Category:2020s elections in the United States]] ndkfawarul39jy7j8hibbta2w7xtttn 10368132 10368131 2025-07-02T19:28:45Z Igor123121 1293570 Undid revision 10368131 by [[Special:Contributions/159.250.27.146|159.250.27.146]] ([[User talk:159.250.27.146|talk]]) 10368132 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox election | election_name = 2028 United States presidential election | country = United States | type = presidential | opinion_polls = | ongoing = yes <!-- Please replace the "ongoing" parameter with the "college_voted" parameter set to "no" by election day, so that the heading "projected electoral vote" will be able to appear. --> | previous_election = 2024 United States presidential election | previous_year = 2024 | next_election = 2032 United States presidential election | next_year = ''2032'' | election_date = November 7, 2028 | votes_for_election = 538 members of the [[United States Electoral College|Electoral College]] | needed_votes = 270 electoral | image_size = 200x200px | image1 = | nominee1 = | party1 = Republican Party (United States) | home_state1 = | running_mate1 = | electoral_vote1 = | states_carried1 = | popular_vote1 = | percentage1 = | image2 = | nominee2 = | party2 = Democratic Party (United States) | home_state2 = | running_mate2 = | electoral_vote2 = | states_carried2 = | popular_vote2 = | percentage2 = | map_size = | map_caption = 2028 electoral map, based on the results of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]]. | title = President | before_election = [[Donald Trump]] <!--He'll be in office, by then--> | before_party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | after_election = {{TBD|2028|11|8}} | after_party = {{TBD|2028|11|8}} | map_image = 2028ElectoralCollege.svg }} The '''2028 United States presidential election''' will be the 61st quadrennial [[United States presidential election|presidential election]]. The election will be held on Tuesday, November 7, 2028, along with other state and federal elections.<ref name="va2">{{cite web|title=Election Planning Calendar|url=http://www.essex-virginia.org/UserFiles/Servers/Server_62876/File/Voter%20Registration/Election%20Planning%20Calendar%20Through%202024%20%28ESSEX%29.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207003141/http://www.essex-virginia.org/UserFiles/Servers/Server_62876/File/Voter%20Registration/Election%20Planning%20Calendar%20Through%202024%20%28ESSEX%29.pdf|archive-date=February 7, 2016|access-date=February 6, 2016|website=Essex-Virginia.org}}</ref> It will be the last presidential election to use population information from the [[2020 United States Census|2020 census]]. Voters will elect a [[President of the United States|president]] and [[Vice President of the United States|vice president]] to a four-year term. The winners of the election will be inaugurated on January 20, 2029. [[Donald Trump]] won the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016]] and [[2024 United States presidential election|2024]] elections and cannot run for re-election to a third term due to the [[Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution|Twenty-second Amendment]]. Trump's second term expires at noon on January 20, 2029. Vice President [[JD Vance]] and Governors [[Ron DeSantis]], [[Brian Kemp]] and [[Glenn Youngkin]] are potential contenders for the Republican presidential nomination. Former Vice President [[Kamala Harris]], Governors [[Andy Beshear]], [[Roy Cooper]], [[Wes Moore]], [[Gavin Newsom]], [[JB Pritzker]], [[Josh Shapiro]], and [[Gretchen Whitmer]] are potential contenders for the Democratic presidential nomination. == Background == {{See also|2024 United States presidential election|2024 United States elections}} [[Donald Trump]] and [[JD Vance]] won the [[2024 United States presidential election|2024 presidential election]]. Trump, who was elected president in [[2016 United States presidential election|2016]], but lost the election in [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]] to then-former vice president [[Joe Biden]]. Trump defeated incumbent vice president [[Kamala Harris]], who began [[Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign|her campaign]] following [[Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election|Biden's drop out of the race]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Burn-Murdoch|first=John|date=November 7, 2024|title=Democrats join 2024's graveyard of incumbents|work=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/e8ac09ea-c300-4249-af7d-109003afb893|access-date=November 8, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Burton|first1=Cooper|date=November 18, 2024|title=Democrats aren't alone — incumbent parties have lost elections all around the world|url=https://abcnews.go.com/538/democrats-incumbent-parties-lost-elections-world/story?id=115972068|access-date=November 20, 2024|website=ABC News}}</ref> Republicans secured control of the [[United States Senate|Senate]] and retained a [[United States House of Representatives|House]] majority.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Sotomayor|first1=Marianna|last2=Vazquez|first2=Maegan|date=November 12, 2024|title=Republicans inch toward 'trifecta' control of House, Senate, White House|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/elections/2024/11/10/uncalled-house-races-2024-election-results/|access-date=November 14, 2024}}</ref> == Eligibility and requirements == [[Article Two of the United States Constitution#Clause 5: Qualifications for office|Article II, Section 1, Clause 5]] of the constitution states for a person to serve as president must: * be a [[Natural-born-citizen clause|natural-born citizen]] of the United States. <ref group="note">Foreign-born American citizens who met the age and residency requirements at the time the Constitution was adopted were also eligible for the presidency. However, this allowance has since become obsolete.</ref> * be at least thirty-five years old. * be a permanent resident in the United States for at least fourteen years. == Electoral map == {{Main|Red states and blue states}} [[File:2020_Cook_PVI.svg|thumb|This map shows how partisan states are by the [[Cook Partisan Voting Index]]. Swing states are the states in lighter colors.]] In the Electoral College, this results in major-party candidates primarily focusing their campaigns on [[swing states]], which can swing between parties from election to election. These states are critical for a presidential candidate's path to victory. For 2028, the expected swing states are [[Pennsylvania]], [[Wisconsin]], and [[Michigan]]. The others include [[Arizona]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[Nevada]], and [[North Carolina]], which all were won by Trump in 2024.<ref>{{cite web|last=Mallinson|first=Daniel J.|date=November 7, 2024|title=How Trump won Pennsylvania − and what the numbers from key counties show about the future of a pivotal swing state|url=https://theconversation.com/how-trump-won-pennsylvania-and-what-the-numbers-from-key-counties-show-about-the-future-of-a-pivotal-swing-state-243127|access-date=November 13, 2024|website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Wolf|first=Zachary B.|date=November 9, 2024|title=Analysis: Trump's win was real but not a landslide. Here's where it ranks|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/11/09/politics/donald-trump-election-what-matters/index.html|access-date=November 13, 2024|website=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Sedghi|first=Amy|date=November 10, 2024|title=Trump wins Arizona to clinch sweep of seven battleground states|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/nov/10/trump-wins-arizona-completing-sweep-of-all-seven-battleground-states-ap-reports|access-date=November 13, 2024|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Republican Party == === Potential candidates === {{Gallery|File:Ron DeSantis official photo (cropped).jpg|{{center|[[Governor of Florida|Governor]]<br/> '''[[Ron DeSantis]]'''<br/> of [[Florida]]<br>(2019–present)}}|File:Brian Kemp 2023.jpg|{{center|[[Governor of Georgia|Governor]]<br/>'''[[Brian Kemp]]'''<br/>of [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]<br>(2019–present)}}|File:JD Vance Inaugural Portrait (cropped).png|{{center|[[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]]<br/> '''[[JD Vance]]'''<br/> from [[Ohio]]}}|File:Glenn Youngkin in September 2021.jpg|{{center|[[Governor of Virginia|Governor]]<br/>'''[[Glenn Youngkin]]'''<br/> of [[Virginia]]<br>(2022–present)}}|title=Potential Republican candidates{{Efn|Individuals listed below have been mentioned as potential 2028 presidential candidates in at least two reliable media sources in the last six months.|name=CandidateNote}}|align=center|footer=|style=|state=|mode=packed|height=160|width=160|captionstyle=}} ==== Ron DeSantis ==== [[Ron DeSantis]] has been the governor of Florida since 2019 and recently ran for the Republican nomination in [[Ron DeSantis 2024 presidential campaign|2024]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nehamas|first=Nicholas|date=January 19, 2024|title=Ron DeSantis Is Quietly Starting to Build His Off-Ramp From 2024|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/19/us/politics/desantis-2024-race-trump.html|access-date=March 8, 2024|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> He appeared in a debate with California governor Gavin Newsom hosted by [[Fox News]]' [[Sean Hannity]] in November 2023, in what was viewed by [[NBC News]] as a potential 2028 presidential bid.<ref name="NBCDebate">{{Cite web|last=Allen|first=Jonathan|date=November 30, 2023|title=Gavin Newsom and Ron DeSantis battle for the presidency — in one election or the next|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2024-election/gavin-newsom-ron-desantis-battle-presidency-2024-2028-election-rcna126738|access-date=November 11, 2024|publisher=[[NBC News]]}}</ref> ==== Brian Kemp ==== [[Brian Kemp]] has been the governor of Georgia since 2019.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kilgore|first=Ed|date=May 28, 2024|title=Brian Kemp Is the Most Successful Anti-Trump Republican|language=en-US|work=[[New York (magazine)|New York]]|url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/brian-kemp-successful-anti-trump-republican.html|access-date=November 27, 2024}}</ref> Kemp has been seen as a potential candidate as being term-limited as governor. New sources believe Kemp will either run for U.S. Senate in 2026 or for president in 2028.<ref>{{cite news|last=Allison|first=Natalie|date=May 28, 2024|title=Brian Kemp will attend GOP convention as he builds up political operation|work=[[Politico]]|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/05/28/brian-kemp-political-future-convention-00160005|access-date=May 28, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Gringlas|first=Sam|date=October 29, 2024|title=In a razor-thin race, Trump's complicated ties with Georgia's governor could matter|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/2024/10/28/nx-s1-5168017/2024-election-georgia-donald-trump-brian-kemp|access-date=November 27, 2024}}</ref> ==== JD Vance ==== [[JD Vance]] has been the Vice President of the United States since 2025. He was elected vice president after winning the 2024 election as Trump's running mate. Vance is the frontrunner in the primary election, according to ''[[The New York Times]].''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cohn|first=Nate|author-link=Nate Cohn|date=July 16, 2024|title=How Will Vance Affect the Race? Look at 2028, Not 2024.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/16/upshot/vance-trump-vice-president.html|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> He has been dubbed the "[[Make America Great Again|MAGA]] heir-apparent" or "heir apparent of Trumpism" according to ''[[USA Today]].''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pfannenstiel|first=Brianne|date=July 17, 2024|title=JD Vance is now the MAGA heir-apparent. Does that make him the front-runner for 2028?|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2024/07/17/jd-vance-is-now-the-maga-heir-apparent-and-a-favorite-for-2028/74411365007/|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> ''[[The Hill (magazine)|The Hill]]'' stated that Vance's debate performance against Minnesota Governor [[Tim Walz]] in October 2024 improved his status as a presidential contender.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Weaver|first=Al|date=October 3, 2024|title=Debate performance gives Vance 2028 White House boost|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4912457-jd-vance-debate-2028-white-house/|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[The Hill (magazine)|The Hill]]}}</ref> ==== Glenn Youngkin ==== [[Glenn Youngkin]] has been the governor of Virginia since 2022, and cannot run for re-election by the state's constitution to a second consecutive term. Youngkin has been reported as a possible candidate by ''[[Politico]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Martin|first=Jonathan|date=June 12, 2024|title=What Happened to Glenn Youngkin?|url=https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2024/06/16/glenn-youngkin-gop-00163551|access-date=November 12, 2024|work=[[Politico]]}}</ref> According to ''[[The Washington Post]]'', he is prepping for a 2028 presidential bid.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Vozzella|first=Laura|date=July 16, 2024|title=After last-minute VP frenzy, Youngkin seems to lay groundwork for 2028|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2024/07/16/youngkin-virginia-2028/|url-status=live|access-date=November 12, 2024|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240717023621/https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2024/07/16/youngkin-virginia-2028/|archive-date=July 17, 2024}}</ref> == Democratic Party == === Potential candidates === {{Gallery|File : Andy Beshear 2024 (cropped).jpg|{{center|[[Governor of Kentucky|Governor]]<br>'''[[Andy Beshear]]'''<br>of [[Kentucky]]<br>(2019–present)}}|File:Pete Buttigieg, Secretary of Transportation (cropped).jpg|{{center|Former [[United States Secretary of Transportation|Secretary of Transportation]]<br>'''[[Pete Buttigieg]]'''<br>from [[Michigan]]<br>(2021–2025)}}|File : Roy Cooper in November 2023 (cropped).jpg|{{center|Former Governor<br>'''[[Roy Cooper]]'''<br>of [[North Carolina]]<br>(2017–2025)}}|File:Kamala Harris Vice Presidential Portrait (cropped).jpg|{{center|Former Vice President<br>'''[[Kamala Harris]]'''<br>from [[California]]<br>(2021–2025)}}|File:Wes Moore Official Governor Portrait (9x12).jpg|{{center|[[Governor of Maryland|Governor]]<br>'''[[Wes Moore]]'''<br>of [[Maryland]]<br>(2023–present)}}|File:Newsom April 2024 (cropped2).jpg|{{center|[[Governor of California|Governor]]<br>'''[[Gavin Newsom]]'''<br>of [[California]]<br>(2019–present)}} <!-- |File:Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Official Portrait (cropped 2).jpg|{{center|[[New York's 14th congressional district#List of members representing the district|Representative]]<br>'''[[Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez]]'''<br>from [[New York (state)|New York]]<br>(2019–present)}} -->|File:Rep. Dean Phillips, official photo (2021) (cropped).jpg|{{center|[[Minnesota's 3rd congressional district|Representative]]<br>'''[[Dean Phillips]]'''<br>from [[Minnesota]]<br>(2019–present)}}|File:Governor JB Pritzker official portrait 2019 (crop).jpg|{{center|[[Governor of Illinois|Governor]]<br>'''[[J. B. Pritzker|JB Pritzker]]'''<br>of [[Illinois]]<br>(2019–present)}}|File:Gov. Shapiro (cropped).jpg|{{center|[[Governor of Pennsylvania|Governor]]<br>'''[[Josh Shapiro]]'''<br>of [[Pennsylvania]]<br>(2023–present)}}|title=Potential Democratic candidates{{Efn|name=CandidateNote}}|align=center|footer=|style=|state=|mode=packed|height=160|width=160|captionstyle=|File:8R4A9872 (53367444225) (Whitmer1).jpg|{{center|[[Governor of Michigan|Governor]]<br>'''[[Gretchen Whitmer]]'''<br>of [[Michigan]]<br>(2019–present)}}}} ==== Andy Beshear ==== [[Andy Beshear]] has been the governor of Kentucky since 2019. He was recently on the shortlist to be the vice presidential nominee for the 2024 election,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Greve|first=Joan E.|date=August 4, 2024|title=Who is Andy Beshear, the Kentucky governor who could be Harris's vice-presidential pick?|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/aug/04/andy-beshear-vp-pick-kamala-harris-speculation|access-date=November 17, 2024|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> and was seen as a potential replacement for President [[Joe Biden]] before he [[Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election|withdrew]] from the race.<ref>{{Cite web|author=McHugh, Calder|date=July 21, 2024|title=How Biden's potential replacements could help — and hurt — Democrats' chances|url=https://www.politico.com/interactives/2024/democrats-biden-replacement-pros-cons/|access-date=November 17, 2024|website=Politico|language=en}}</ref> In October 2024, Beshear headlined an event for the [[New Hampshire Democratic Party|New Hampshire Democrats]], a key early primary state, where he promoted both himself and Vice President Kamala Harris to attendees, signaling his future aspirations.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wren|first=Adam|date=November 11, 2024|title=Who will lead Democrats in 2028? Meet the leaders positioning themselves to make moves.|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/11/11/2028-shadow-primary-underway-democratic-00188626|website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> In response to ongoing speculation about his political ambitions, Beshear has stated in an interview with [[WDKY-TV]] that he will "see what the future holds", without actually ruling out a potential presidential run.<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 7, 2024|title=Kentucky Gov. Beshear talks Harris loss, 2028 presidential run|url=https://fox56news.com/news/kentucky/kentucky-gov-beshear-talks-harris-loss-2028-presidential-run/|access-date=November 17, 2024|website=FOX 56 News|language=en-US|quote="'We'll see what the future holds in the future, but, right now, my only focus is on this job, is about making sure that I continue to stand up for Kentuckians and all Americans,' Beshear said."|archive-date=November 29, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241129161317/https://fox56news.com/news/kentucky/kentucky-gov-beshear-talks-harris-loss-2028-presidential-run/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==== Roy Cooper ==== [[Roy Cooper]] served as the governor of North Carolina from 2017 to 2025. He was considered a potential contender to be the vice presidential nominee for the 2024 election but removed himself from consideration.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Miller|first1=Zeke|last2=Min Kim|first2=Seung|date=July 29, 2024|title=NC Gov. Cooper opted out of Harris VP vetting, in part over worry about GOP lieutenant: AP sources|url=https://apnews.com/article/harris-cooper-vice-president-vetting-9ff2a5abf9f4191e5ccb2d52e57b06a3|access-date=December 9, 2024|publisher=The Associated Press}}</ref> The ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'' mentioned that Cooper could be a contender for the Democratic party’s 2028 nomination.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bruni|first1=Frank|date=November 14, 2024|title=Newsom? Whitmer? Shapiro? 2024 Could Kill Their 2028 Dreams|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/14/opinion/2028-democrats-newsom-whitmer.html|access-date=December 9, 2024|work=The New York Times}}</ref> ''[[Politico]]'' has also referred to Cooper as a potential contender for the 2028 Democratic Party's presidential nomination.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sentner|first1=Irie|date=December 7, 2024|title=Democratic governors (and 2028 hopefuls) gather to chart path under a Trump administration|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/12/07/demogratic-governors-trump-2028-00193169|access-date=December 9, 2024|publisher=Politico}}</ref> ==== Kamala Harris ==== [[Kamala Harris]] was the vice president of the United States from 2021 to 2025. She became the nominee for president in the [[2024 United States presidential election|2024 presidential election]] after Biden withdrew his bid, losing to [[Donald Trump]].<ref name="NYTimesHarrisOptions2">{{Cite web|last1=Epstein|first1=Reid|last2=Rogers|first2=Katie|last3=Green|first3=Eric|date=November 7, 2024|title=What's Next for Kamala Harris? Here Are Six Options.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/07/us/politics/kamala-harris-2028-run-for-president.html|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Harris, who has the largest donor network in the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], may run for the presidency again in 2028 according to ''[[The New York Times]]''<ref name="NYTimesHarrisOptions2" /> and ''[[Politico]].''<ref name="PoliticoMovesSink2">{{Cite web|last1=Wren|first1=Adam|last2=Cadelago|first2=Christopher|last3=Kashinsky|first3=Lisa|last4=Otterbein|first4=Holly|last5=Schneider|first5=Elena|date=November 11, 2024|title=Who will lead Democrats in 2028? Meet the leaders positioning themselves to make moves.|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/11/11/2028-shadow-primary-underway-democratic-00188626|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[Politico]]}}</ref> Her her loss in the last election could be seen as a disadvantage.<ref name="NYTimesHarrisOptions2" /> In November 2024, ''Politico'' reported that Harris is considering running for president in 2028 or for California governor in [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026]].<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Cadelago|first1=Christopher|last2=Daniels|first2=Eugene|date=November 25, 2024|title=Harris is telling her advisers and allies to keep her political options open|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/11/25/kamala-harris-advisers-options-open-00191393|access-date=November 25, 2024|work=[[Politico]]}}</ref> ==== Wes Moore ==== [[Wes Moore]] has been the governor of Maryland since 2023. Moore has been mentioned by ''Politico'' after Trump's victory as one of the Democrats positioning themself for a potential presidential run in 2028.<ref name="PoliticoMovesSink2" /> It was also reported by ''[[The Baltimore Sun]]'' that if Moore is a force campaigning for Democrats in the upcoming midterm cycle, he could position himself as a national voice that would be in talks for the presidency in 2028.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Janesch|first1=Sam|date=November 12, 2024|title=Who's going to lead the Democratic Party after defeat? Why Wes Moore's name is coming up|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2024/11/12/whos-going-to-lead-the-democratic-party-after-defeat-why-wes-moores-name-is-coming-up/|access-date=November 19, 2024|work=The Baltimore Sun}}</ref> ==== Gavin Newsom ==== [[Gavin Newsom]] has served as the governor of California since 2019. Newsom has been viewed as a contender for the 2028 presidential election by ''The New York Times'',<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hubler|first=Shawn|date=November 21, 2024|title=Newsom to Visit California's Trump Country: 'Message Received'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/21/us/newsom-california-counties-trump.html|access-date=November 22, 2024|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> ''Politico'',<ref name="PoliticoMovesSink2" /> and ''The Washington Post'' after he garnered national attention by December 2023.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Reston|first=Maeve|date=December 1, 2023|title=Gavin Newsom 2028? His early moves offer a potential glimpse.|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2023/11/30/gavin-newsom-presidential-race-2028/|access-date=November 11, 2024}}</ref> He was seen as a potential replacement for Biden after his withdrawal from the 2024 election by ''The New York Times''.<ref name="NYTimesTicket2">{{Cite web|last1=Cameron|first1=Chris|last2=Nagourney|first2=Adam|author-link2=Adam Nagourney|date=June 28, 2024|title=Who Will Replace Biden at the Top of the Ticket?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/article/joe-biden-democrats-nomination-gavin-newsom-whitmer.html|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> According to ''The New York Times'', Newsom was considering a bid for the presidency by September 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nagourney|first=Adam|author-link=Adam Nagourney|date=September 28, 2023|title=Newsom Is in the Spin Room to Pump Up Biden, and Maybe Himself|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/28/us/politics/newsom-president-biden.html|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> In November 2023, he appeared in a debate with Florida Governor [[Ron DeSantis]] hosted by Fox News' Sean Hannity. The debate was seen as a potential presidential bid by [[NBC News]].<ref name="NBCDebate3" /> ==== Dean Phillips ==== [[Dean Phillips]] has served as the representative of [[Minnesota's 3rd congressional district]] since 2019. Phillips [[Dean Phillips 2024 presidential campaign|ran a campaign]] against Biden in the [[2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries|2024 Democratic presidential primaries]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=John|first1=Arit|last2=McKend|first2=Eva|last3=Pellish|first3=Aaron|date=October 27, 2023|title=House Democrat Dean Phillips launches primary challenge against President Biden|url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/26/politics/dean-phillips-presidential-campaign-launch/index.html|access-date=December 12, 2024|publisher=CNN}}</ref> Phillips received the second-highest number of delegates of any candidate in the primaries, but was unsuccessful.<ref>{{cite web|title=2024 Presidential Primary Delegate Tracker|url=https://www.usatoday.com/elections/results/2024/presidential-delegates|access-date=December 12, 2024|publisher=USA Today}}</ref> In an interview with ''[[CBS Minnesota]]'', Phillips was asked about his future political aspirations. He ruled out a bid for the U.S. senate or the governor's office in 2026 but said, "never say never" regarding another presidential campaign in 2028.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cummings|first1=Caroline|date=November 29, 2024|title=Rep. Dean Phillips: Dem primary would've "elevated a candidate better positioned to win" presidency|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/rep-dean-phillips-competitive-democratic-primary-wouldve-elevated-a-candidate-better-positioned-to-win-presidency/|access-date=December 12, 2024|publisher=CBS News}}</ref> The ''[[HuffPost]]'' reported that after the election, Phillips said of his White House bid, “I would do it a thousand times again.”<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nicholson|first1=Jonathan|date=November 21, 2024|title=Dean Phillips, Early Challenger To Biden For 2024 Nomination: I Would Do It All Again|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/dean-phillips-stands-by-decision-to-challenge-biden_n_673fa647e4b090a704c8eadc|access-date=December 12, 2024|publisher=HuffPost}}</ref> [[J. B. Pritzker|JB Pritzker]] has been the governor of Illinois since 2019. Pritzker is a potential Democratic contender, according to ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sfondeles|first=Tina|date=November 8, 2024|title=JB Pritzker studies Project 2025 and Trump, ponders his own political future|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/elections/2024/11/08/pritzker-presidential-run-2028-donald-trump-project-2025|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]}}</ref> With Newsom, he donated to Middleton.<ref name="AxiosCheck2">{{Cite web|last=Thompson|first=Alex|date=November 6, 2023|title=Newsom, Pritzker signal White House ambitions in donations to S. Carolina candidate|url=https://www.axios.com/2023/11/06/newsom-pritzker-south-carolina-elections|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[Axios (website)|Axios]]}}</ref> ==== Josh Shapiro ==== [[Josh Shapiro]] has been the governor of Pennsylvania since 2023. Shapiro has been seen as a critical figure in Pennsylvania by Democratic strategists and officials, according to ''Politico'' and as a politician who could gain votes from white working-class voters, according to [[CNN]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dovere|first=Edward-Isaac|date=November 10, 2024|title=Still-stunned Democrats begin to squint toward their future|url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/11/10/politics/democrats-election-party-future-voters/index.html|access-date=November 11, 2024|publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> He was said to be a front-runner in the primary by ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=McGoldrick|first=Gilliam|date=November 7, 2024|title=Welcome to the 2028 presidential election cycle, where Pa. Gov. Josh Shapiro is a front-runner|url=https://www.inquirer.com/politics/election/josh-shapiro-2028-presidential-election-frontrunner-20241107.html|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]}}</ref> According to ''The New York Times'', Shapiro was seen as a potential replacement for Biden.<ref name="NYTimesTicket2" /> ==== Gretchen Whitmer ==== [[Gretchen Whitmer]] had been the governor of Michigan since 2019. Whitmer has been discussed as a contender in 2028, although she distanced herself from speculation in an interview with [[Lulu Garcia-Navarro]] of ''[[The New York Times Magazine]]'' in June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Garcia-Navarro|first=Lulu|author-link=Lulu Garcia-Navarro|date=June 22, 2024|title=Gretchen Whitmer Wants a Gen X President — in 2028|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/22/magazine/gretchen-whitmer-interview.html|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[The New York Times Magazine]]}}</ref> She disavowed a movement to replace Biden.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Martin|first=Jonathan|date=July 1, 2024|title=Whitmer Disavows 'Draft Gretch' Movement — and Delivers A Warning to Biden|url=https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2024/07/01/whitmer-biden-democrats-2028-00165995|access-date=November 11, 2024|work=[[Politico]]}}</ref> == Declined to be candidates == The following individuals stated that they would not run for president: * [[John Fetterman]], U.S. Senator from [[Pennsylvania]] (2023–present) and 34th [[Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania]] (2019–2023) * [[Mark Cuban]], billionaire businessman, co-owner of the [[Dallas Mavericks]], and co-founder of [[2929 Entertainment]]<ref name="NBCNewsJockeying">{{Cite web|last1=Smith|first1=Allan|last2=Korecki|first2=Natasha|last3=Seitz-Wald|first3=Alex|date=November 16, 2024|title=Democratic jockeying for the 2028 presidential election is already underway|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/democratic-jockeying-2028-presidential-election-already-underway-rcna179653|access-date=November 24, 2024|publisher=[[NBC News]]}}</ref> * [[Donald Trump Jr.]], [[businessman]] and son of incumbent president [[Donald Trump]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-07|title=Donald Trump Jr. Denies Presidential Run Rumors In Expletive-Filled Statement|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/donald-trump-jr-2028-presidential-run-rumors_n_67cb4bfce4b056d4513235af|access-date=2025-03-11|website=HuffPost|language=en}}</ref> == Opinion polling == ===Republican primary=== ==== Aggregate ==== {| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;" |- valign="bottom" style="font-size:90%;" !Aggregator !Updated !JD Vance !Donald Trump Jr. !Ron DeSantis !Chris Christie !Vivek Ramaswamy !Macro Rubio !Robert F. Kennedy Jr. !Other !Lead |- |[https://www.racetothewh.com/president/2028/gop Race to the WH] |June 27, 2025 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''47.4%''' |17.3% |8.7% |4% |3.5% |9.7% |5.2% |4.2% | {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''Vance +30.1%''' |} ==== Nationwide ==== {| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;" |- valign="bottom" style="font-size:90%;" ! Poll source ! Date(s) administered ! Sample size{{Efn|name="Key"}} ! Ted<br>Cruz ! Ron<br />DeSantis ! Nikki<br />Haley ! Robert F.<br />Kennedy Jr. {{Efn|Registered Independent, left Democratic Party in 2023}} ! Vivek<br />Ramaswamy ! Marco<br>Rubio ! Donald<br>Trump{{efn|name=Ineligible|Ineligible per 22nd Amendment to the Constitution}} ! Donald<br>Trump Jr. ! JD<br />Vance ! Other ! Undecided |- |[https://echelonin.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/March-2025-Voter-Omnibus-Topline-External.pdf Echelon Insights] |March 10–13, 2025 |450 (LV) |5% |7% |7% |7% |3% |4% |— |— | {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''46%''' |5%{{Efn|Kristi Noem 2%, Sarah Huckabee Sanders 1%, Glenn Youngkin 1%, Josh Hawley 1%, Tim Scott 1%}} |16% |- | [https://mclaughlinonline.com/pols/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/National-February-Presentation-RELEASE-02-18-25.pdf McLaughlin & Associates] | February 11–18, 2025 | 468 (LV) | — | 6% | 3% | — | 4% | 3% | — | 17% | {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''37%''' | 10%{{efn|Tulsi Gabbard and Kristi Noem with 2%; Greg Abbott, Tom Cotton, Larry Hogan, Sarah Huckabee Sanders, Rick Scott, and Tim Scott with 1%; Elise Stefanik and Glenn Youngkin with 0%}} | 22% |- | [http://echelonin.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/February-2025-Voter-Omnibus-Topline-External.pdf Echelon Insights] | February 10–13, 2025 | 466 LV | 4% | 10% | 8% | — | 5% | 4% | — | — | {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''39%''' | 10%{{efn|Kristi Noem and Sarah Huckabee Sanders with 2%; Doug Burgum, Josh Hawley, Tim Scott, and Glenn Youngkin with 1%; Katie Britt and Elise Stefanik with <1%; "Someone else" with 2%}} | 20% |- | [https://mclaughlinonline.com/pols/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/National-January-Presentation-RELEASE-01-28-25.pdf McLaughlin & Associates] | January 22–27, 2025 | 453 (LV) | — | 8% | 2% | — | 3% | 3% | — | 21% | {{Party shading/Republican}} |'''27%''' | 11%{{efn|Tulsi Gabbard with 3%; Gregg Abbott & Glenn Youngkin with 2%; Larry Hogan, Kristi Noem, Sarah Huckabee Sanders & Tim Scott with 1%}} | 24% |- style="background:lightyellow;" | style="border-right-style:hidden; background:lightyellow;" | | style="border-right-style:hidden; " |January 20, 2025 | colspan="12" | [[Second inauguration of Donald Trump]] |- | [https://mclaughlinonline.com/pols/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/National-December-Presentation-RELEASE-12-17-24.pdf McLaughlin & Associates] | December 11–16, 2024 | 463 (LV) | — | 9% | 4% | – | 4% | 2% |— | 21% | {{Party shading/Republican}} |'''25%''' | 9%{{efn|Tim Scott with 3%; Tulsi Gabbard, Sarah Huckabee Sanders & Glenn Youngkin with 2%; Greg Abbott, Tom Cotton, Kristi Noem & Rick Scott with 1%; Larry Hogan & Elise Stefanik with <1%}} | 24% |- | [https://pro.morningconsult.com/analysis/2028-gop-primary-polling-december-2024 Morning Consult] | December 6–8, 2024 | 994 (RV) | — | 9% | 6% | 5% | 5% | 1% |— | '''30%''' | '''30%''' | 19%{{efn|Greg Abbott, Tucker Carlson, Brian Kemp, Sarah Huckabee Sanders, and Glenn Youngkin with 1%; Someone else with 5%; Would not vote with 4%}} | — |- | [https://emersoncollegepolling.com/november-2024-national-poll-trump-favorability-jumps-post-election-2028-election-kicks-off-with-harris-and-vance-leading-primaries/ Emerson College] | November 20–22, 2024 | 420 (RV) | 1% | 5% | 2% | 2% | 3% | 1% | 23% | — | {{Party shading/Republican}} |'''30%''' | 9%{{efn|Tulsi Gabbard and Candace Owens with 1%; Elon Musk, and Glenn Youngkin with <1%; Someone else with 5%}}{{efn|Musk is not eligible to serve as president as he is not a natural-born citizen}} | '''28%''' |- | [https://echeloninsights.com/in-the-news/nov-2024-verified-voter-omnibus/ Echelon Insights] | November 14–18, 2024 | 483 (LV) | 5% | 8% | 9% | — | 9% | 5% | — | — | {{Party shading/Republican}} |'''37%''' | 9%{{efn|Sarah Huckabee Sanders with 2%; Josh Hawley, Tim Scott, Glenn Youngkin, and Kristi Noem with 1%; Katie Britt, Doug Burgum, and Elise Stefanik with 0%; Someone else with 3%}} | 18% |- |- style="background:lightyellow;" | style="border-right-style:hidden; background:lightyellow;" | | style="border-right-style:hidden; " |November 5, 2024 | colspan="12" | [[2024 United States presidential election]] held. |- |[https://echeloninsights.com/in-the-news/july2024-verified-voter-omnibus-2-2-2-2/ Echelon Insights] |July 19–21, 2024 |456 (LV) |4% |14% |9% | — |10% |2% | | — |{{Party shading/Republican}} |'''25%''' |16%{{efn|Sarah Huckabee Sanders with 3%; Josh Hawley, and Tim Scott with 2%; Katie Britt, Byron Donalds, and Glenn Youngkin with 1%}} |{{Party shading/Undecided}} |'''21%''' |- |[https://x.com/Politics_Polls/status/1749632663122505993?s=20 Echelon Insights] |January 16–18, 2024 |832 (RV) |— |{{Party shading/Republican}} |'''27%''' |19% | — |18% |— | | — |1% |18%{{efn|Tucker Carlson with 6%; Greg Abbott with 3%; Kari Lake and Glenn Youngkin with 2%; Tom Cotton, Byron Donalds, Josh Hawley, Brian Kemp, and Elise Stefanik with 1%; Katie Britt with 0%}} |17% |- |} ==== Statewide ==== ===== Florida ===== {| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;" |- valign="bottom" style="font-size:90%;" ! Poll source ! Date(s) administered ! Sample size{{efn|name="Key"|Key:<br />A – all adults<br />RV – registered voters<br />LV – likely voters<br />V – unclear}} ! JD<br />Vance ! Ron<br />DeSantis ! Undecided |- | [https://floridapolitics.com/archives/724265-desantis-vance-florida-poll/ Fabrizio] | February 26–27, 2025 | 600 LV | {{Party shading/Republican}} | 47% | 33% | 20% |- |} === Democratic primary === ==== Aggregate ==== {| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;" |- valign="bottom" style="font-size:90%;" !Aggregator !Updated !Kamala Harris !Pete Buttigieg !Gavin Newsom !Cory Booker !Alexandria<br />Ocasio-Cortez !Tim Walz !Josh Shapiro !Other !Lead |- |[https://www.racetothewh.com/president/2028/dem Race to the WH] |July 2, 2025 | {{party shading/Democratic}} | '''24.2%''' |14.6% |10.8% |5.2% |9.9% |4.4% |5% |25.9% | {{party shading/Democratic}} | '''Harris +9.6%''' |} ==== Nationwide ==== {| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;" |- valign="bottom" style="font-size:90%;" ! Poll source ! Date(s) administered ! Sample size{{efn|name="Key"|Key:<br />A – all adults<br />RV – registered voters<br />LV – likely voters<br />V – unclear}} ! Pete<br />Buttigieg !Mark Cuban ! Kamala<br />Harris ! Gavin<br />Newsom ! Alexandria<br />Ocasio-Cortez ! Josh<br>Shapiro ! Tim<br>Walz ! Other ! Undecided |- |[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/kamala-harris-2028-democratic-primary-b2719928.html Morning Consult] |March 14–16, 2025 | |10% |4% | {{party shading/Democratic}} | '''36%''' |5% |5% |4% |5% |23%{{Efn|Mark Cuban 4%, Cory Booker 3%, Gretchen Whitmer 2%, JB Pritzker 2%, Andy Beshear 2%, Amy Klobuchar 2%, Chris Murphy 1%, Jared Polis 1%, John Fetterman 1%, Wes Moore 1%, Rahm Emanuel 1%, Raphael Warnock 1%, Ruben Gallego <1%, Someone else 2%}} |13% |- |[https://echelonin.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/March-2025-Voter-Omnibus-Topline-External.pdf Echelon Insights] |March 10–13, 2025 |457 (LV) |10% |3% | {{party shading/Democratic}} | '''33%''' |7% |7% |2% |5% |21%{{Efn|Jasmine Crockett 3%, Mark Cuban 3%, JB Pritzker 2%, Gretchen Whitmer 2%, Cory Booker 2%, Andy Beshear 2%, Jared Polis 1%, John Fetterman 1%, Raphael Warnock 1%, Chris Murphy 1%, Jon Stewart 1%, Stephen A Smith <1%, Wes Moore <1%}} |15% |- | [https://www.surveyusa.com/client/PollReport.aspx?g=677c71f7-f291-4d3e-800c-b2bb85f3a305 SurveyUSA] | February 13–16, 2025 | 835 (RV) | 11% |7% | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''37%''' | 9% | 7% | 6% | 0% | 20%{{efn|Someone else with 11%; Mark Cuban with 7%; Gretchen Whitmer with 4%; Andy Beshear with 3%; Wes Moore with 2%; Phil Murphy with 1%}} | — |- | [https://mclaughlinonline.com/pols/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/National-February-Presentation-RELEASE-02-18-25.pdf McLaughlin & Associates] | February 11–18, 2025 | 418 (LV) | 8% |— | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''36%''' | 4% | 3% | 3% | 4% | 20%{{efn|Gretchen Whitmer with 4%; Amy Klobuchar with 3%; Roy Cooper, Beto O'Rourke, and JB Pritzker with 2%; Wes Moore, Phil Murphy, Deval Patrick, and Stephen A. Smith with 1%; Jared Polis with 0%}} | 23% |- | [http://echelonin.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/February-2025-Voter-Omnibus-Topline-External.pdf Echelon Insights] | February 10–13, 2025 | 447 (LV) | 10% |3% | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''36%''' | 6% | 5% | 3% | 9% | 21%{{efn|Gretchen Whitmer with 4%; Mark Cuban with 3%; Cory Booker, Jasmine Crockett, John Fetterman, JB Pritzker, and Raphael Warnock with 2%; Andy Beshear, Ruben Gallego, and Jared Polis with 1%; Wes Moore and Stephen A. Smith with <1%; "Someone else" with 1%}} | 10% |- | [https://mclaughlinonline.com/pols/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/National-January-Presentation-RELEASE-01-28-25.pdf McLaughlin & Associates] | January 22–27, 2025 | 414 (LV) | 9% |— | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''33%''' | 7% | 6% | 3% | 3% | 23%{{efn|Amy Klobuchar & Gretchen Whitmer with 3%; Cory Booker, Wes Moore, & Stephen A. Smith with 2%; Phil Murphy, Jared Polis, JB Pritzker, & Beto O'Rourke with 1%, Deval Patrick with <1%}} | 22% |- style="background:lightyellow;" | style="border-right-style:hidden; background:lightyellow;" | | style="border-right-style:hidden; " |January 20, 2025 | colspan="13" | [[Second inauguration of Donald Trump]] |- | [https://mclaughlinonline.com/pols/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/National-December-Presentation-RELEASE-12-17-24.pdf McLaughlin & Associates] | December 11–16, 2024 | 428 (LV) | 12% |— | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''35%''' | 7% | 3% | 5% | 5% | 18%{{efn|JB Pritzker, Gretchen Whitmer & Beto O'Rourke with 3%; Cory Booker with 2%; Amy Klobuchar, Wes Moore, Phil Murphy & Deval Patrick with 1%; Jared Polis with <1%}} | 19% |- | [https://emersoncollegepolling.com/november-2024-national-poll-trump-favorability-jumps-post-election-2028-election-kicks-off-with-harris-and-vance-leading-primaries/ Emerson College] | November 20–22, 2024 | 400 (RV) | 4% |— | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''37%''' | 7% | 1% | 3% | 1% | 16%{{efn|Gretchen Whitmer with 3%; Michelle Obama and Bernie Sanders with 2%; Hakeem Jeffries, Wes Moore, JB Pritzker, Jon Stewart, and Rashida Tlaib with 1%; Andy Beshear and Mark Kelly with <1%; Someone else with 4%}} | 35% |- | [https://echeloninsights.com/in-the-news/nov-2024-verified-voter-omnibus/ Echelon Insights] | November 14–18, 2024 | 457 (LV) | 6% |— | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''41%''' | 8% | 4% | 7% | 6% | 12%{{efn|Gretchen Whitmer with 3%; J.B. Pritzker, Andy Beshear, and Cory Booker with 2%; Jared Polis and Wes Moore with 1%; Someone else with 1%}} | 16% |- | [https://pro.morningconsult.com/analysis/kamala-harris-2028-democratic-primary-polling-november-2024/ Morning Consult] | November 15–17, 2024 | 1,012 (V) | 9% |— | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''43%''' | 8% | 4% | 5% | 7% | 23%{{efn|Gretchen Whitmer with 3%; Cory Booker, Amy Klobuchar, Elizabeth Warren, and Andy Beshear with 2%; Wes Moore, JB Pritzker, and John Fetterman with 1%; "Someone else" with 3%; "Would not vote" with 6%}} | — |- style="background:lightyellow;" | style="border-right-style:hidden; background:lightyellow;" | | style="border-right-style:hidden; background:lightyellow;" |November 5, 2024 | colspan="11" style="background:lightyellow;" | [[2024 United States presidential election]] held. |- |[https://www.politico.com/f/?id=0000018f-f8f8-d844-a1ff-fffed00f0000 Morning Consult/Politico] |May 28–29, 2024 |3,997 (RV) | 10% |— | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''21%''' | 10% | — | 3% | — | 12%{{efn|Mark Kelly and Gretchen Whitmer with 4%; "Someone else" with 7%}} | {{Party shading/Undecided}} |'''41%''' |- |[https://x.com/Politics_Polls/status/1749182192796811384?s=20 Echelon Insights] |January 16–18, 2024 |499 (RV) | 13% |— | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''33%''' | 11% | — | 2% | — | 12%{{efn|J. B. Pritzker and Gretchen Whitmer with 3%; John Fetterman, and Raphael Warnock with 2%; Andy Beshear and Wes Moore with 1%}} | 29% |- |} ==== Statewide ==== ===== California ===== {| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;" |- valign="bottom" style="font-size:90%;" ! Poll source ! Date(s) administered ! Sample size{{efn|name="Key"|Key:<br />A – all adults<br />RV – registered voters<br />LV – likely voters<br />V – unclear}} ! Cory<br />Booker ! Pete<br />Buttigieg ! Kamala<br />Harris ! Amy<br />Klobuchar ! Gavin<br />Newsom ! Josh<br>Shapiro ! Gretchen<br>Whitmer ! Other ! Undecided |- | [https://capitolweekly.net/ca-120-dems-in-a-funk-but-harris-and-newsom-could-still-shine/ Capitol Weekly] | February 6, 2025 | 681 V | 5% | 15% | 15% | 6% | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''27%''' | 6% | 6% | 20%{{efn|JB Pritzker with 1%; Ruben Gallego and Wes Moore with <1%; "Other" with 18%}} | — |- |} === General election === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;line-height:17px" |- ! rowspan=2|Poll source ! rowspan=2|Date(s)<br/>administered ! rowspan=2|Sample<br/>size{{Efn|name="Key"}} ! [[Donald Trump]]<br><small>{{nobold|[[Republican Party (US)|(R)]]}}</small>{{efn|name=Ineligible|Ineligible per 22nd Amendment to the Constitution}} ! [[JD Vance]]<br><small>{{nobold|[[Republican Party (US)|(R)]]}}</small> ! [[Kamala Harris]]<br><small>{{nobold|[[Democratic Party (US)|(D)]]}}</small> ! [[Gavin Newsom]]<br><small>{{nobold|[[Democratic Party (US)|(D)]]}}</small> ! [[Barack Obama]]<br><small>{{nobold|[[Democratic Party (US)|(D)]]}}</small>{{efn|name=Ineligible}} ! [[Josh Shapiro]]<br><small>{{nobold|[[Democratic Party (US)|(D)]]}}</small> ! [[Gretchen Whitmer]]<br><small>{{nobold|[[Democratic Party (US)|(D)]]}}</small> ! rowspan=2|Undecided |- ! data-sort-type="number" style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}};"| ! data-sort-type="number" style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}};"| ! data-sort-type="number" style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}};"| ! data-sort-type="number" style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}};"| ! data-sort-type="number" style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}};"| ! data-sort-type="number" style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}};"| ! data-sort-type="number" style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}};"| |- | [https://x.com/ChangePolls/status/1899198176000663779 Change Research] | March 10, 2025 | | 42% | | | | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''49%''' | | | 9% |- style="background:lightyellow;" | style="border-right-style:hidden; background:lightyellow;" | | style="border-right-style:hidden; " |January 20, 2025 | colspan="9" | [[Second inauguration of Donald Trump]] |- |rowspan=4| [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1ci0xpqxyX4XKKdVjeijssSxKARFxkBYmQeLjES1pcac/edit?gid=1780005197#gid=1780005197 On Point/SoCal Strategies] |rowspan=4| December 23, 2024 |rowspan=4| 656 (A) | | 41% | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''43%''' | | | | | 16% |- | | {{Party shading/Republican}} | ''' 37%''' | | 34% | | | | 29% |- | | {{Party shading/Republican}} | ''' 37%''' | | | | 34% | | 29% |- | | {{Party shading/Republican}} | ''' 40%''' | | | | | 33% | 26% |- | [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1D6ZAYUN8ius5Euw52-5uX7AVnpx414qG/view American Pulse Research & Polling] | December 17–20, 2024 | 661 (LV) | | 46% | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''47%''' | | | | | 7% |} == Notes == {{notelist}} {{reflist|group=note}} == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:2028 elections]] [[Category:United States presidential elections]] [[Category:2020s elections in the United States]] evfmz297jgdu75u06txp4cuuz84uyku 3 1158262 10367558 10367059 2025-07-02T12:01:26Z MathXplore 966595 /* m:User_talk:MathXplore/2025#Simple_English_article */ new topic ([[mw:c:Special:MyLanguage/User:JWBTH/CD|CD]]) 10367558 wikitext text/x-wiki <big>Greetings! Let us please respect our [[:foundation:Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct|'''Universal Code of Conduct guidelines''']].</big><br> {{user AGF}} {{User wikipedia/Extended confirmed}} {{User categorist}} <br><br><br> ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Manuel L. Quezon High School== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Manuel L. Quezon High School]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Manuel L. Quezon High School]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:22, 1 July 2025 (UTC) : Dear [[User:Ferien|Ferien]], there will be no debate. My focus is on heritage specific to my country, the [[Philippines]]. Regarding the subject at hand — [[:Manuel L. Quezon High School]], a [[public school#Philippines|public school]] — the article serves as an adjunct to a wider scope tracing the educational system in [[Manila]], my city. It may not be of interest to people in other countries, who am I to say, but the Philippines is an English-speaking country, a former colony of the United States, and many actually are led here in Simple English Wikipedia for topics they search for in Google. I do respect your point of view regarding the apparent lack of notability, but I believe that the article actually provides clarity to a larger context. Best wishes, [[User:Buszmail|Buszmail]] ([[User talk:Buszmail#top|talk]]) 05:00, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :: Dear [[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], I also agree with you that it is hard to make a case for the school's lack of notable athletics and alumni. It is largely a [[public school#Philippines|public high school]] for the poor and underprivileged. [[User:Buszmail|Buszmail]] ([[User talk:Buszmail#top|talk]]) 05:19, 2 July 2025 (UTC) == [[:m:User_talk:MathXplore/2025#Simple_English_article]] == Never repeat this, read [[:w:WP:CAN]]. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 12:01, 2 July 2025 (UTC) r5e8kv3ajwn4qmok3az3pf3sklp3fzz 10367737 10367558 2025-07-02T14:24:53Z Buszmail 576750 Replaced content with " <big>Greetings! Let us please respect our [[:foundation:Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct|'''Universal Code of Conduct guidelines''']].</big><br> {{user AGF}} {{User wikipedia/Extended confirmed}} {{User categorist}} <br><br><br>" 10367737 wikitext text/x-wiki <big>Greetings! Let us please respect our [[:foundation:Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct|'''Universal Code of Conduct guidelines''']].</big><br> {{user AGF}} {{User wikipedia/Extended confirmed}} {{User categorist}} <br><br><br> 2j5iq1xin91sxipgrn141uux1peif7a 0 1160970 10368324 10356625 2025-07-02T21:56:04Z 66.68.9.226 10368324 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:List of ''Caillou'' episodes (PBS)}} ''[[Caillou]]'' has produced a total of PBS 144 half-hour episodes from September 4, 2000 to December 27, 2020 in 20 years, and the separate 73-minute children's film ''[[Caillou's Holiday Movie]]'' (2003). The first series premiered at 7AM along with [[Wishbone]] and [[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]] schedule times.<ref>{{Cite web|title=September 4, 2000|url=https://pbsba.fandom.com/wiki/September_4,_2000|access-date=2025-01-24|website=PBS Broadcast Archives Wiki|language=en}}</ref> == Series overview == <onlyinclude>''Caillou'' consists of five seasons of [[PBS]] 144 half-hour episodes, and the 73-minute Christmas film ''[[Caillou's Holiday Movie]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=DHX Media – Distribution – Caillou's Holiday Movie – Catalogue – Pre-School|url=http://distribution.dhxmedia.com/catalogue/preschool/caillous-holiday-movie|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324121406/http://distribution.dhxmedia.com/catalogue/preschool/caillous-holiday-movie|archive-date=March 24, 2014|access-date=March 25, 2014|publisher=Distribution.dhxmedia.com}}</ref> {{Series overview | link0T = Pilot | link0 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes (PBS)</includeonly>#Pilot (1999) | color0 = #006400 | episodes0 = 1 | start0 = {{Start date|1999|03|22}} | end0 = start | link1 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes (PBS)</includeonly>#Season 1 (2000) | color1 = #800000 | episodes1 = 40 | start1 = {{Start date|2000|09|04}} | end1 = {{End date|2000|10|13}} | link2 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes (PBS)</includeonly>#Season 2 (2003) | color2 = #9C9C00 | episodes2 = 16<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Come+Learn+With+Caillou!-a097340175 |title=Come Learn With Caillou! – Free Online Library |publisher=Thefreelibrary.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224105442/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Come+Learn+With+Caillou!-a097340175 |archive-date=December 24, 2013 |access-date=December 22, 2013}}</ref> | start2 = {{Start date|2003|02|10}} | end2 = {{End date|2003|02|25}} | link3 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes (PBS)</includeonly>#Season 3 (2006) | color3 = #006600 | episodes3 = 20<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.caillou.com/parentsteachers/prog_recap3.shtml |title=Caillou . Parents & Teachers . Episodes Descriptions . Season 3 |publisher=Caillou.com |access-date=February 8, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010011412/http://www.caillou.com/parentsteachers/prog_recap3.shtml |archive-date=October 10, 2013}}</ref> | start3 = {{Start date|2006|04|01}} | end3 = {{End date|2006|04|20}} | link4 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes (PBS)</includeonly>#Season 4 (2006) | color4 = #006161 | episodes4 = 42<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thecookiejarcompany.com/download/Library/New%20Caillou.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070114102139/http://www.thecookiejarcompany.com/download/Library/New%20Caillou.pdf |archive-date=January 14, 2007 |title=New Caillou |access-date=December 22, 2013}}</ref> | start4 = {{Start date|2006|09|18}} | end4 = {{End date|2006|10|29}} | link5 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes (PBS)</includeonly>#Season 5 (2013) | color5 = #000080 | episodes5 = 26<ref name="portfolio" /> | start5 = {{Start date|2013|03|11}}<ref name="press">{{cite web |url=http://www.thecookiejarcompany.com/press/cj_press_20100908.php |title=For the Kid Inside! |publisher=The Cookie Jar Company |date=September 8, 2010 |access-date=December 22, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118005722/http://thecookiejarcompany.com/press/cj_press_20100908.php |archive-date=November 18, 2011}}</ref> | end5 = {{End date|2013|04|15}} }}</onlyinclude> == Episodes == <nowiki>*</nowiki> - New episode summaries uploaded in English Wiki article (estimated February 17, 2025). === Pilot (1999) === The pilot episode was released on March 22, 1999, after the ending series of the [[Arthur (season 3)|third season]] of ''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]''. {{Episode table |background=#006400 |title=20 |director= |writer= |airdate= |episodes= {{Episode list | Title = Big Brother Caillou<ref>{{Cite web|title=Big Brother Caillou|url=https://www.dropbox.com/home/Stephen%20McKeever/Videos?preview=PBS+Caillou+Pilot+Episode+-+Big+Brother+Caillou+%281999%29.webm|access-date=2025-02-18|website=Dropbox|language=en}}</ref> | DirectedBy = Jean Pilotte | WrittenBy = Stephen Ashton, Matthew Cope, Patrick Granleese, Rick Jones, Christel Kleitch, Marie-France Landry, Thomas Lapierre, Pascal Lavoie, Joseph Mallozzi, Caroline Maria, Lynn Mason, Ken Ross, Thor Bishopric, Todd Swift, Anne-Marie Perrotta and Tean Schultz | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|1999|03|22}} | ShortSummary = During the events before "Caillou Makes Cookies", 2-year-old toddler Caillou feels jealous to meet his little sister Rosie, he feels grumpy and dislikes it. Meanwhile, Boris goes to work and Caillou enters into Rosie's room and scoots the chair next to her, kissing her face, and pinching Rosie's cheek and starts to shriek loudly. Caillou wants to be a big brother like her and with his babysitting Boris. | LineColor = 006400 }} }} === Season 1 (2000) === {{Episode table |background=#800000 |overall=5 |season=5 |title=20 |aux2=20 |aux2T=Caillette |airdate=12 |prodcode=6 |country=United States |episodes= {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 1 | EpisodeNumber2 = 1 | Title = When I Grow Up... | Aux2 = I'm Growing Up | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|04}} | ProdCode = 101 | ShortSummary = Rexy is eager to grow and asks Gilbert if he notices anything, he asks again. Meanwhile, Teddy is caught between branches in the backyard. As Teddy thinks his way out, a shadow falls over him and he tells Rexy his tall shadow scared him. These are words Rexy loves to hear and he hurries in to give the snoozing Gilbert his growth report. ''The Treasure Chest'': Caillou is helping to clean out the attic with Mommy, he finds it and opens the treasure chest with some unexpected things. ''Caillou's Getting Older'': Caillou and Daddy are in the garden and find out the dead bird looks too old and too scared for him. However, Caillou confuses, also revising his age from younger to older, in order: Rabbit, Dinosaur, and Teddy. ''All in a Day's Work'': Caillou and his family are having a busy day today. Doris refuses to turn off the alarm and she is going to be late for work. When the family is done eating breakfast and Mommy tells them to brush his teeth, he puts makeup on Rosie will be just like his mom. After finishing dressing up, Boris wonders what Caillou is taking so long, then the family are ready to go while the people go to work all day long. ''Caillou's School Bus'': Caillou practices his school bus drive while Daddy gives some patient time, while telling Mr. Washington to look for Caillou's picture drawn before he can ride the bus himself. Sarah and all the other students go to school while Caillou takes home, thankfully the response he sees after his next birthday. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 2 | EpisodeNumber2 = 2 | Title = Summertime! | Aux2 = Summertime | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|05}} | ProdCode = 102 | ShortSummary = Rexy, Teddy, and Gilbert are determined not to be left out, and plan a great picnic and would be a real summer treat, except the puppets forget one little thing: food. ''Caillou at the Beach'': Caillou goes to the beach for the first time and discovers all the sea creatures living there. ''A Camping We Will Go!'': Caillou and his family are on the road because they're going on a camping trip. Caillou asks his Mom to stop using the bathroom. Just then, Rosie woke up and saw that Mommy and Caillou were gone and started crying, waking up Daddy and ending up having to go. Caillou notices a moose crossing sign and that he hopes to see a moose. They reach the campsite and meet Pierre, who tells them about all the great things they can do, but also notes that it's rare to see moose because they're afraid of humans. We had a batch of hamburgers for lunch. Caillou learns about not feeding wild animals with a hamburger bun and goes mountain climbing, they sleep outside in a hammock before he sees his moose. Rosie scares the moose away, but no one gets upset and everyone has a good laugh. ''Caillou Beats the Heat'': Caillou is sad that he and his family can't go to the pool, so they decide to have fun in the backyard. ''Caillou Goes to a Theme Park'': Caillou and his family are going to a theme park and Caillou is excited to see Boris go on the Niagara Falls River Ride. After the ride, Caillou and his family had lunch and the siblings got some cotton candy. Caillou's family goes on the Ferris Wheel, as he can see the whole theme park instead of three hoops over a block of wood, but he wins a bear contest. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 3 | EpisodeNumber2 = 3 | Title = I'm All Better! | Aux2 = My Body | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|06}} | ProdCode = 103 | ShortSummary = Teddy is feeling too sick to hug and Gilbert and Rexy get into making him well. He's worried because he doesn't know how long Teddy will be sick for and Rexy really needs a hug. Gilbert tells him that getting well takes time and the sentence is hardly out of his mouth when Teddy pops out the cat door feeling like a new bear. ''Caillou's Check Up'': Caillou visits the dentist until Leo hears a terrible sound. ''Calling Dr. Caillou'': Caillou is looking forward to a special day at work with Boris, but he feels sick and has to stay home. ''Caillou Visits the Doctor'': Caillou goes to the doctor to check an ear test after a recent infection but is worried that the doctor will make it hurt again. ''Caillou Gets Sick'': Caillou feels sick and goes to sleep, he is taking a bath while he curses into a chicken pox, ending up Rosie makes feel sick and red spots go away soon. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 4 | EpisodeNumber2 = 4 | Title = Pets! | Aux2 = If I Had a Pet | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|07}} | ProdCode = 104 | ShortSummary = When Gilbert wants to try having a pet, he chooses Rexy. At first, Rexy is confused about what a pet is, or if he likes being one. But through Gilbert's caring taking and affection Rexy discovers that being a pet is a lot of fun, not a lot of work for the owner. Much to Rexy's dismay, Gilbert decides that he'd rather be a pet than have one. ''The Cat's Meow'': Caillou is trying to take Gilbert to the vet, unable to repair his checkup. Soon comes to the vet, Caillou meets Sarah with her cat, Ollie, but he keeps his teeth clean. In the examination room, the doctor has finished checking Gilbert gets his shot. ''Caillou to the Rescue'': Gilbert is afraid at the top of branches and the dog barks at Caillou's pet cat, he becomes a firefighter to come get Gilbert down. ''Caillou Looks for Gilbert'': Caillou is having a dinosaur hunter with Gilbert the Cat, he gets lost and it's no sign for Gilbert. Caillou investigates Gilbert before finding it and looks for clues. ''Caillou and Gilbert'': Caillou attempts to play his games with Gilbert, but discovers he prefers his own kitty games. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 5 | EpisodeNumber2 = 5 | Title = My Sister Rosie | Aux2 = Little Sisters, Little Brothers | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|08}} | ProdCode = 105 | ShortSummary = Rexy pretends to be a sister and takes them in the yard. Teddy is looking for inspiration for his painting and Gilbert for his Ode. When Rexy gives a surprise, discovers that a little squirrel wants to be his little sister, he is honored and a new friendship is begun. The friendship gives Teddy and Gilbert just the inspiration they need. ''Mom for a Day'': When Doris leaves for a business meeting and she will come back lately, so Caillou and Rosie can play hide-and-seek together. However, Rosie accidentally hits her knee and Caillou told her to feel better comfortably, she was taken a nap. Caillou sneezes and awakens Rosie then Boris comes for dinner to finish their meal until Doris returns to her house. ''Back Seat Driver'': Caillou and Rosie meet up with Mommy at a restaurant, Rosie reaches Caillou's toy car and makes her upset, he cuts away through them. Meanwhile, Daddy is fixing the car covered in oil smudged on his face unlikely the mechanic gets cleaned up. ''Caillou's Top Bunk'': Caillou and Rosie visits his grandparents' house before Boris and Doris goes on the week-long vacation, he process his own room to have a sleepover. During nighttime, Caillou told Rosie is too high for the bunk, she reaches up when their grandparents goes to sleep. However, this cause Rosie to be scared to climb without Teddy gets it. The next morning, grandparents have good news that Rosie isn't afraid what Caillou tell her. ''Caillou Plays Baby'': Caillou and Rosie are playing with toys and Mommy times to clean them up the right way. Caillou decides to act like a baby, he sees Rosie drinking from a training cup and asks for milk in a baby cup. Then they have a dessert with chocolate pudding, Caillou wants a bib and they always want to play for Rosie's toys together upstairs. In the ending scene, Caillou decides to be four-years-old again, Mommy plays cards with Caillou, Rosie is taking a nap. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 6 | EpisodeNumber2 = 6 | Title = Caillou Creates! | Aux2 = Creating Something New | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|09}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = Teddy is creating a collage in the yard, but Gilbert is up a tree writing an Ode about the beautiful garden. Rexy tries to think of something creative to do with a lost puzzle piece and makes a recycled mobile. Teddy is suffering from the creator's block, one corner to fill and nothing he can find to put there. Rexy points out that Gilbert's Ode is surrounded by the garden collage which will finish it off perfectly. ''Do It Yourself!'': Grandpa and Caillou think that he is mowing the grass and heads the garbage trucks. Meanwhile, when they visit Clementine, she made a birdhouse built before. Back to their house, much to dismay, Caillou doesn't know how to undo his crafts, he will try some other section of crafts who works the best. ''Caillou's Got Rhythms'': Caillou, Grandpa, and Rosie go to the music concert, both are dancing around the circles, he thinks he will come back tomorrow then plays drums and pianos as a good leader. Yet, Grandma teaches Caillou to play piano and Rosie plays with her blocks. Both are teaching their own instruments works for best. ''Caillou's Colors'': At Grandma's house, Caillou is in the mood today, he decides to paint for me and Grandma, she finishes an apple pie while Mommy arrives to get him. ''The Caillou Show'': Caillou's playgroup put on a play about watering flowers. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 7 | EpisodeNumber2 = 7 | Title = Caillou Cooks! | Aux2 = I'm Cookin' | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|10}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = Rexy prepares the event and everyone has a playhouse and requires a costume to become the King Rexy Feast. ''Caillou's Kitchen'': Doris is making ingredients for supper tonight. Caillou wants to help make lettuce for her, soon Boris and Rosie come outside to play. Outside, he meets Sarah, wanting to make a pizza with dirt for their picnic while Rosie joins. Caillou follows Gilbert runs away, he accidentally tripped over a red cylinder block that he was created before and Sarah has a flower to send his mother and sets on the table. ''Recipe for Fun'': Boris brings Caillou to the grandparents' house, Grandpa forgets Caillou to bring a teddy car all away to the blue car, feeling disappointed. Meanwhile, Caillou takes Grandma to the garden by working his cooking ingredients for the dirt cycle and drawing a potato. When Boris comes home to Caillou, he does his drawing of a potato and both walk home. ''Caillou Makes Cookies'': Caillou plays loudly with his drum and singing, his mother Doris (a.k.a. Mommy) tolds him to play quietly while his sister Rosie, taking a nap. He is feeling hungry, he attempts to make cookies by himself and ends up causing a mess in the kitchen. The next morning, the rest of Caillou's family, his father Boris (a.k.a. Daddy) and his pet cat Gilbert, eats lunch outside and they have cookies for dessert. At the end of the story, Caillou throws sand in the air and enters his sandbox. ''Caillou's Surprise Breakfast'': Caillou gets up early to make breakfast with his mom and dad. Caillou makes toast and tells his parents come downstairs and give Caillou and Rosie's surprise breakfast for them. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 8 | EpisodeNumber2 = 8 | Title = Food-a-Licious! | Aux2 = Food-a-Licious | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|11}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = The puppeteers decide to make a yummy tasty treat, which is presented by a grand flourish and they discover their own. Disappointment rules until they decide to eat their own, Rexy and Teddy do try each other, but no one can bring themselves. ''Farmer Caillou'': The family loses his egg to make a breakfast pancake and that it looks unlucky. Meanwhile, Caillou and Mr. Hinkle investigate the egg to make pancakes for everyone, but Caillou such a good farmer helper. ''Caillou Hates Vegetables'': Caillou refuses to eat vegetables and wants to eat cookies for lunch. Meanwhile, Grandpa soon solves the problem, Caillou cheers up but Grandpa tells him that bears eat their berries, while Caillou gives a joke before the dessert comes. ''Caillou Grows Carrots'': Caillou is playing with his toy car in the kitchen when Doris comes in and goes to the outdoor garden. Meanwhile, Grandpa learns how Caillou grows carrots and tries to come out before dinner is served for his family. ''Chopsticks'': At Sarah's house, Caillou and Sarah stay for dinner to use chopsticks and eat noodles, before they can end up failures while proves the Jell-0 cubes to teach her right. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 9 | EpisodeNumber2 = 9 | Title = Traveling! | Aux2 = Travel Song | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|12}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = Rexy tells Gilbert that he would travel some places. Teddy walks across the yard with wings attached on his back, he climbs up the playhouse steps and his friends are concerned that he might think he can fly. Teddy smiles at their silliness and spreads his arms. As he runs across the yard, he tells them he's just pretending, the others will choose their mode of travel and pretend too. ''Under Sail'': The family went to the lake and Caillou was curious about sailing boats. When Caillou gets in the bath, he tells Daddy that they visit a lake. The next day, Caillou and Rosie visit their grandparents while Caillou and Grandpa learn how to sail boats before the rainy weather arrives. ''Next Stop, Fun!'': Caillou and his family are going on a vacation to the seaside via train this summer. ''Caillou Learns to Drive'': When playing with his toys, Caillou imagines to be driven like a car before carefully using controls. ''Caillou Flies on a Plane'': Caillou, Mommy, and Daddy are behaving on a plane and a place to sit. Caillou discovers that the clouds are not scared, the pilot gives Caillou a special pilot badge and has a wonderful vacation. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 10 | EpisodeNumber2 = 10 | Title = Puppy Love! | Aux2 = The Puppy Song | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|13}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = When Teddy and Rexy dress up and play with puppies. Teddy discovers that not only is Rexy a big ham, but dinosaurs and dogs seem to like a lot of the same things. The game goes well until barking at a squirrel they wake Gilbert up. Gilbert would prefer they'd play cats instead, but Teddy and Rexy agree to pretend some more. ''Caillou is Scared of Dogs'': After a dog barks at him, Caillou is quite fearful – but when he meets Grandma's sister's Dog, Rover, he discovers that they are wonderful pets. ''Lost and Found'': Caillou finds different ways to communicate while he loses his voice. ''A Special Dog'': Caillou and Doris went to the park and meet a fascinating woman Dylan with her friendly dog, Maxwell, when Caillou teaches a lesson to get crosses the street while Maxwell passes by. ''Caillou Walks a Dog'': Caillou helps Grandma walk Rover the Dog and learns how dogs like him get exercise. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 11 | EpisodeNumber2 = 11 | Title = Best Behavior! | Aux2 = I'm On My Best | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|14}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = When Rexy races in and interrupts an Ode reading session, Gilbert is annoyed and Rexy confused by his reaction. Teddy tries to explain to Rexy about feelings and consideration. Teddy introduces some manners to Rexy including a polite way to gives a Gilbert's big hug. ''Sunday Brunch'': Caillou can't wait because today is Mother's Day and he gets a surprise gift for Doris. Meanwhile, Doris responds that she is not her birthday, but Boris suggests taking them to brunch for their meal. At the restaurant, Caillou and Rosie press their faces against a fish tank and then are escorted to the table by a waiter and get food ready. However, the waiter deserves a family cake and she wishes her a happy birthday, he also gives her a gift of acknowledgement. ''Caillou Goes to School'': Caillou is watching out the window to see the school bus, Daddy keeps calling him to do things, which annoys him because he might miss the bus. He does get to see it, though and it gets him to wishing that he could go to school. That evening, Sarah comes over with an invitation and her school is having a little brother/sister day. Caillou's parents agree and the next day, Caillou is having a day off to school. He doesn't bring his dinosaur and gets forgotten in his backpack, Doris drives Caillou and Sarah to send both to school. Caillou gets to see Sarah's classroom, but then they have to go to the gym for assembly. Once there, Caillou wants to play, but Sarah tells him they have to sit and listen. As the principal drones on about a "fun-filled, action-packed day," Caillou starts to get antsy and goes to the bathroom. Later, Caillou and Sarah are back in the classroom, drawing on the blackboard, they don't go wrong, but it's allowed since it's a special day. Then they have recess, during which Sarah comments that she likes school, but wishes they had more time outside. Caillou doesn't understand until the bell rings but the recess' over, back in class, Caillou enjoys painting with partners. At lunch, Caillou and Sarah decide to switch their lunches. On his way home, Caillou tells Mommy all about what he did in school and then goes to sleep in the back of the car. ''Rosie Bothers Caillou'': Rosie unknowingly annoys Caillou when he wants to be alone. ''Caillou and the Doll'': Caillou plays with Rosie's doll, while Julie then arrives to babysit Caillou and Rosie. Meanwhile, Julie comes in, but he hides Rosie's doll in his toy box and sticks up to find it somewhere. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 12 | EpisodeNumber2 = 12 | Title = Starry Night | Aux2 = The Lullaby Song | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|15}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = When Teddy and Rexy get left outside by mistake, a moon for a monster, tries to run from it. However, they get scared of it until Gilbert comes along and corrects them, then takes them indoors. ''Star Light, Star Bright'': Caillou wants to see a shooting star, but he keeps missing it, which he imagines. ''Caillou in Space'': Leo drops off from Caillou's home, Caillou and Leo play spacemen outside of the room, Rosie feels left out. ''Caillou is Afraid of the Dark'': Caillou believes that bedtime monsters are real, and he is afraid to sleep. ''Caillou's Summer Goodnight'': Caillou has trouble sleeping as it's still light outside, but Grandma helps pass the time. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 13 | EpisodeNumber2 = 13 | Title = Lost and Found | Aux2 = I Lost My Teddy Bear | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|16}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = ''A Frog in Caillou's Throat'': When the rain stops, Caillou jumps into the puddles and starts feeling cold, but the throat feels scratchy. ''Finders Keepers'': Caillou and his friend Leo are playing in the backyard at the sandbox. Caillou and Leo remember a game picker of items they can choose correctly for lost-and-found. ''Caillou's Hiding Place'': Caillou discovers a hollow interior inside a tree at Grandma and Grandpa's house. ''Caillou's Missing Sock'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 14 | EpisodeNumber2 = 14 | Title = Just for Laughs | Aux2 = I Love to Laugh | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|17}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = It starts out to have fun with Gilbert deciding to walk backward and speak in another language, Teddy tries hard to remember a joke and begins to laugh. He still can't recall the punch line, consuming his laughter is contagious to Gilbert, but Rexy, try though he may, just doesn't get the joke. When the ridiculousness of the situation is explained to Rexy he finally gets the last laugh and loves it. ''Caillou the Great'': Caillou goes to Leo's birthday party and wants to be a magician. ''Caillou is a Clown'': Caillou helps Rosie conquer her fear of Clowns. ''Caillou Joins the Circus'': Caillou thinks the circus is today after he dreams he's an emcee taming a tiger. He wakes up and gets dressed ready to go to the circus, he forgot to brush his teeth. Soon, he gets upset and grumpy when Daddy discovers the circus is tomorrow, not today as he thought. After Caillou plays a toy car before it breaks one of the wheels, he throws a massive tantrum and refuses to wait until tomorrow. He wakes up Rosie, Daddy scolds Caillou's behavior to come downstairs and makes some circus breakfast with juggling burnt toast pops in, which Caillou cheers up. Rosie pretends to be a clown, making out of commotion of Doris and we have the circus parade. ''Clowning Around'': Caillou and Leo make rivers at the sandbox. Caillou and Leo want to make rivers because they are canceled. Leo belongs and Caillou goes to Grandma's house. He wants to make Bopadoo 'bup-a-tum' puppet which makes Bopadoo the clown which respectively clowns around. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 15 | EpisodeNumber2 = 15 | Title = Caillou Helps Out | Aux2 = Helping | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|18}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = ''Surprise Party'': ''Leo's Hamster'': ''Caillou Mails a Letter'': ''Caillou Tidies His Toys'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 16 | EpisodeNumber2 = 16 | Title = Imagine! | Aux2 = Imagination | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|19}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = ''Caillou's Clouds'': ''Caillou's Sea Adventure'': ''Caillou Learns to Drive'': When playing with his toys, Caillou imagines to be driven like a car before carefully using controls. ''Caillou's Special Friend'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 17 | EpisodeNumber2 = 17 | Title = Big Brother Caillou | Aux2 = Big Brothers, Big Sisters | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|20}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = When Dee-Dee asks for an opinion on her painting, Rexy loss for words. Being a sort of big brother, he doesn't want to hurt her feelings, but in fact, the painting's just a big green blob. When Teddy tells Rexy to be honest, he discovers that the painting is just a big green blob and both he and Dee-Dee like it just that way. ''Caillou is a Clown'': ''Mom for a Day'': ''Hide and Seek'': ''Caillou Watches Rosie'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 18 | EpisodeNumber2 = 18 | Title = Words! | Aux2 = Books, Books | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|21}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = Teddy and Rexy learns a new word from the dictionary and decides to say a word "plethora" at every possible occasion, but Rexy just can't find an occasion for his. When Gilbert reads a special Ode he's written, it's all about Rexy, but he is so happy and is finally able to use his word. ''Comic Caper!'': ''Read All About It'': ''Caillou Mails a Letter'': ''Caillou and Daddy'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 19 | EpisodeNumber2 = 19 | Title = I Can Do It! | Aux2 = Try, Try Again | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|22}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = Gilbert and Teddy try to help Rexy to build a snowman. They explain he's doing it all wrong, Rexy thanks them but insists he do it himself. But it doesn't take long for Rexy to realize, perhaps his friends know more about snow than he and anyway the end of his freezing nose. Rexy realizes that some things are just better done with friends. ''House Paint'': ''Caillou Plays Baseball'': ''Caillou Learns to Swim'': ''Caillou's Big Slide'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 20 | EpisodeNumber2 = 20 | Title = My Family | Aux2 = My Family | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|23}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = A downhearted Rexy has no family and papers, soon Deedee was thrilled because they are having a huge family reunion, but the joy is quickly lost when she finds Rexy. Teddy and Gilbert decide to draw up some official papers for Rexy and adopt him into Caillou's family. When they present the papers, Rexy was thrilled that he has a family, the same emotion as Deedee too because as they hug, Rexy is having a family reunion of his own. ''Say Cheese!'': ''A New Member of the Family'': ''Caillou and Daddy'': ''Caillou Goes to the Zoo'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 21 | EpisodeNumber2 = 21 | Title = Winter! | Aux2 = I Love Skating | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|24}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = During snowy weather, Rexy believes that the missing backyard, which tells Gilbert and Teddy and finds it somewhere. With the other hand, inspired he writes an Ode to the day, Teddy feels a lot like snoozing. Therefore, Gilbert takes Rexy out for his first real snow experience. ''Caillou's Snowman'': ''Down Hill from Here'': ''Holiday Magic'': ''Caillou Learns to Skate'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 22 | EpisodeNumber2 = 22 | Title = After Dark! | Aux2 = The Dreams I Want to Keep | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|25}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = On a mystical magical night, Rexy decides to hunt the spookindoodle. Gilbert and Teddy mostly Rexy's own imagination scares him into believing there really is a spookindoodle. While Rexy finds Gilbert and Teddy hunting for fairies that he realizes the spookindoodle still only exists in his mind. ''Shadow Play'': ''Caillou's Bad Dream'': ''Caillou is Afraid of the Dark'': Caillou believes that bedtime monsters are real, and he is afraid to sleep. ''Caillou Sleeps Over'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 23 | EpisodeNumber2 = 23 | Title = Nature | Aux2 = Nature Song | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|26}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = ''Caillou Goes Birdwatching'': ''The Little Bird'': ''Out of the Woods'': ''Caillou the Jungle Explorer'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 24 | EpisodeNumber2 = 24 | Title = Knowing I'm Growing | Aux2 = I'm Growing | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|27}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = ''Caillou's New Shoes'': ''I Want to Grow Up!'': ''Caillou and the Tooth Fairy'': ''Caillou's Teddy Shirt'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 25 | EpisodeNumber2 = 25 | Title = All Kinds of Weather | Aux2 = Out in the Weather | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|28}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 26 | EpisodeNumber2 = 26 | Title = Caillou Discovers | Aux2 = Machines Saves All the Fuss | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|29}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 27 | EpisodeNumber2 = 27 | Title = Friends | Aux2 = My Best Friends | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|30}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 28 | EpisodeNumber2 = 28 | Title = Springtime! | Aux2 = It's Spring | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|01}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 29 | EpisodeNumber2 = 29 | Title = All in a Day | Aux2 = All in a Day | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|02}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 30 | EpisodeNumber2 = 30 | Title = Celebrations | Aux2 = Celebrate | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|03}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 31 | EpisodeNumber2 = 31 | Title = Games to Play | Aux2 = Do You Want to Play? | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|04}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 32 | EpisodeNumber2 = 32 | Title = Grown-ups and Me | Aux2 = Grown-ups | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|05}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 33 | EpisodeNumber2 = 33 | Title = Try, Try Again | Aux2 = Try Again | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|06}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 34 | EpisodeNumber2 = 34 | Title = Adventure! | Aux2 = I'm a Great Explorer | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|07}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 35 | EpisodeNumber2 = 35 | Title = Getting Along | Aux2 = Getting Along | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|08}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 36 | EpisodeNumber2 = 36 | Title = Caillou's Neighborhood | Aux2 = Neighbors Help You Out | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|09}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 37 | EpisodeNumber2 = 37 | Title = Old and New | Aux2 = Read All About It | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|10}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 38 | EpisodeNumber2 = 38 | Title = Vacations | Aux2 = Vacation | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|11}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 39 | EpisodeNumber2 = 39 | Title = Getting the Message | Aux2 = Communicate | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|12}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 40 | EpisodeNumber2 = 40 | Title = Fall is in the Air | Aux2 = When We Say "Boo!" | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|13}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} }} === Season 2 (2003) === {{Episode table |background=#9C9C00 |overall=6 |season=6 |title=20 |aux2=12 |aux2T=Music video |aux3=12 |aux3T=Game used |airdate=10 |episodes= {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 41 | EpisodeNumber2 = 1 | Title = Knowing How! | Aux2 = We Can Do It! | Aux3 = Musical Instrumental Sounds | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|10}} | ShortSummary = ''Where I Live'': ''Skating Lessons'': ''Just Like Me'': ''Just in Time'': | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 42 | EpisodeNumber2 = 2 | Title = Changing Plans! | Aux2 = Something New to Do | Aux3 = Which One Doesn't Belong | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|11}} | ShortSummary = ''I Scream for Ice Cream!'': ''Fun in the Mud'': ''Super Caillou'': ''Caillou's Race'': | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 43 | EpisodeNumber2 = 3 | Title = Sounds and Music! | Aux2 = Now We Are in Making Music | Aux3 = Sound Detective | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|12}} | ShortSummary = ''Follow That Sound!'': ''Caillou Marches On'': ''Music Box!'': ''Caillou's Gym Day'': | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 44 | EpisodeNumber2 = 4 | Title = I'm Learning! | Aux2 = I'm Learning Everything! | Aux3 = The Put-Away Game | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|13}} | ShortSummary = ''Caillou the Firefighter'': ''Cowboy Caillou'': ''Caillou's Coins'': ''Caillou the Timekeeper'': | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 45 | EpisodeNumber2 = 5 | Title = People I Love | Aux2 = I Love My Mommy | Aux3 = The Match Up Game | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|14}} | ShortSummary = ''Dancing at Grandma's'': ''Mystery Valentine'': ''Play Ball!'': ''Caillou's Sleepover Guest'': | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 46 | EpisodeNumber2 = 6 | Title = The World Around Me! | Aux2 = I'm So Happy To Be Me | Aux3 = Exploring the World Around Us | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|15}} | ShortSummary = ''Caillou's Favorite Plate'': ''Games in the Park'': ''All Aboard'': ''Gilbert's House'': | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 47 | EpisodeNumber2 = 7 | Title = Machines! Brrrrrmmm! | Aux2 = Machines Go | Aux3 = The Guessing Game | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|16}} | ShortSummary = ''As Good as New'': ''Trip on the Subway'': ''Caillou and the Bulldozer'': ''Caillou's Test Drive'': | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 48 | EpisodeNumber2 = 8 | Title = It's Cold Outside! Brrr! | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|17}} | ShortSummary = Outside snowing day, Rexy uses his new sled to go down a hill but isn't working, he wonders why and Gilbert explains to Rexy that his sled isn't working because it didn't snow enough for sledding. Luckily, Rexy uses the sled to slide down toy cars. | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 49 | EpisodeNumber2 = 9 | Title = New Places and New Things! | Aux2 = New Things | Aux3 = The Memory Game | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|18}} | ShortSummary = ''Caillou Becomes a Waiter'': ''The Big Boat!'': ''Sticking to It!'': ''New Clothes'': | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 50 | EpisodeNumber2 = 10 | Title = Step By Step! | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|19}} | ShortSummary = Rexy, Teddy and Gilbert learns how to undo step-by-step drawing. | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 51 | EpisodeNumber2 = 11 | Title = I Love to Pretend! | Aux2 = Let's Use Our Imagination | Aux3 = The Guessing Game | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|20}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 52 | EpisodeNumber2 = 12 | Title = All Wet! | Aux2 = Wet | Aux3 = Which One Doesn't Belong | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|21}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 53 | EpisodeNumber2 = 13 | Title = Animals and Me! | Aux2 = I Can Do What Animals Do | Aux3 = The Memory Game | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|22}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 54 | EpisodeNumber2 = 14 | Title = Outdoor Adventures | Aux2 = Take a Walk in Nature | Aux3 = Who Lives Here? | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|23}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 55 | EpisodeNumber2 = 15 | Title = All Around the Block! | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|24}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 56 | EpisodeNumber2 = 16 | Title = Doing It Together! | Aux2 = We're a Team | Aux3 = The Memory Game | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|25}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} }} === Season 3 (2006) === {{Episode table |background=#006600 |overall= |season= |title= |aux2= |aux2T=Song |aux3= |aux3T=Game used |airdate= |episodes= {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 57 | EpisodeNumber2 = 1 | Title = Caillou the Detective | Aux2 = I Am the Great Detective | Aux3 = Hide and Seek | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|01}} | ShortSummary = ''Where's Gilbert?'': ''Where I Saw It Last'': ''Lost in the Jungle'': | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 58 | EpisodeNumber2 = 2 | Title = Caillou the Brave | Aux2 = Sailing | Aux3 = The Remembering Game | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|02}} | ShortSummary = ''Caillou and the Big Slide'': ''Caillou the Sailor'': ''Caillou and the Creepy Crawlies'': | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 59 | EpisodeNumber2 = 3 | Title = Caillou the Explorer | Aux2 = Come Explore with Me | Aux3 = Match the Animals Home | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|03}} | ShortSummary = ''Caillou of the Antarctic'': ''Deep Sea Caillou'': ''Caillou in the Bayou'': | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 60 | EpisodeNumber2 = 4 | Title = Caillou the Sports Star | Aux2 = I Wanna Be Big Right Now | Aux3 = What is Missing for Anyone | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|04}} | ShortSummary = ''Everyone's Best'': ''Stronger Every Day'': ''No More Training Wheels'': | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 61 | EpisodeNumber2 = 5 | Title = Caillou the Musician | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|05}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 62 | EpisodeNumber2 = 6 | Title = Caillou to the Rescue | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|06}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 63 | EpisodeNumber2 = 7 | Title = Caillou the Builder | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|07}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 64 | EpisodeNumber2 = 8 | Title = Caillou the Snowman | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|08}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 65 | EpisodeNumber2 = 9 | Title = Caillou the Magnificent | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|09}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 66 | EpisodeNumber2 = 10 | Title = Caillou the Scientist | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|10}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 67 | EpisodeNumber2 = 11 | Title = Caillou the Bookworm | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|11}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 68 | EpisodeNumber2 = 12 | Title = Caillou the Artist | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|12}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 69 | EpisodeNumber2 = 13 | Title = Captain Caillou | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|13}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 70 | EpisodeNumber2 = 14 | Title = Caillou Loves the Fall | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|14}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 71 | EpisodeNumber2 = 15 | Title = Caillou Outdoors! | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|15}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 72 | EpisodeNumber2 = 16 | Title = Caillou's Surprise | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|16}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 73 | EpisodeNumber2 = 17 | Title = Caillou the Helper | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|17}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 74 | EpisodeNumber2 = 18 | Title = Caillou's Christmas | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|18}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 75 | EpisodeNumber2 = 19 | Title = Springtime for Caillou | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|19}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 76 | EpisodeNumber2 = 20 | Title = Caillou Can Do It! | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|20}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} }} ===Season 4 (2006)=== {{Episode table |background=#006161 |overall= |season= |title= |aux2= |aux2T=Song |airdate= |episodes= {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 77 | EpisodeNumber2 = 1 | Title = Starry Night | Aux2 = All in a Day | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|18}} | ShortSummary = The episode repeats on season 1, episode 12. ''Star Light, Star Bright'': Caillou wants to see a shooting star, but he keeps missing it, which he imagines. ''Caillou in Space'': Leo drops off from Caillou's home, Caillou and Leo play spaceman outside of the room, Rosie feels left out. ''Caillou is Afraid of the Dark'': Caillou believes that bedtime monsters are real, and he is afraid to sleep. ''Caillou's Summer Goodnight'': Caillou has trouble sleeping as it's still light outside, but Grandma helps pass the time. | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 78 | EpisodeNumber2 = 2 | Title = Lost and Found | Aux2 = I'm Doing It | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|19}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 79 | EpisodeNumber2 = 3 | Title = Just for Laughs | Aux2 = Celebrate | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|20}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 80 | EpisodeNumber2 = 4 | Title = Caillou Helps Out | Aux2 = Helping | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|21}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 81 | EpisodeNumber2 = 5 | Title = Imagine! | Aux2 = Big Brothers, Big Sisters | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|22}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 82 | EpisodeNumber2 = 6 | Title = Words! | Aux2 = All in a Day | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|23}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 83 | EpisodeNumber2 = 7 | Title = I Can Do It! | Aux2 = I'm Doing It | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|24}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 84 | EpisodeNumber2 = 8 | Title = My Family | Aux2 = Big Brothers, Big Sisters | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|25}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 85 | EpisodeNumber2 = 9 | Title = Winter! | Aux2 = Celebrate | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|26}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 86 | EpisodeNumber2 = 10 | Title = After Dark | Aux2 = All in a Day | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|27}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 87 | EpisodeNumber2 = 11 | Title = Nature | Aux2 = Machines Save All the Fuss | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|28}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 88 | EpisodeNumber2 = 12 | Title = Knowing I'm Growing | Aux2 = Helping | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|29}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 89 | EpisodeNumber2 = 13 | Title = All Kinds of Weather | Aux2 = All in a Day | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|30}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} }} ===Season 5 (2013)=== {{Episode table |background=#000080 |overall= |season= |title= |aux2= |aux2T=Interstital |airdate= |episodes= {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 119 | EpisodeNumber2 = 1 | Title = Caillou Cares | Aux2 = Creepy Crawlies | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2013|03|11}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 000080 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 120 | EpisodeNumber2 = 2 | Title = Can Do Caillou | Aux2 = Caillou Goes Apple Picking | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2013|03|12}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 000080 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 121 | EpisodeNumber2 = 3 | Title = Caillou Gets Active | Aux2 = Caillou's Road Trip | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2013|03|13}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 000080 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 122 | EpisodeNumber2 = 4 | Title = Cooking with Caillou | Aux2 = Caillou the Chef | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2013|03|14}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 000080 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 123 | EpisodeNumber2 = 5 | Title = Big Time Caillou | Aux2 = Caillou's Marching Band | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2013|03|15}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 000080 }} }} == See also == * [[List of Caillou episodes]] == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Caillou]] [[Category:Lists of animated television series episodes|Caillou]] ksdty8j5dxg3o61ow2d895k43qyl2e4 10368364 10368324 2025-07-02T22:21:09Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C Undid revision 10368324 by [[Special:Contributions/66.68.9.226|66.68.9.226]] ([[User talk:66.68.9.226|talk]]) 10368364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:List of ''Caillou'' episodes (PBS)}} ''[[Caillou]]'' has produced a total of PBS 144 half-hour episodes (598 five-minute segments) from September 4, 2000 to December 27, 2020 in 20 years, and the separate 90-minute children's film ''[[Caillou's Holiday Movie]]'' (2003). The first series premiered at 7AM along with [[Wishbone]] and [[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]] schedule times.<ref>{{Cite web|title=September 4, 2000|url=https://pbsba.fandom.com/wiki/September_4,_2000|access-date=2025-01-24|website=PBS Broadcast Archives Wiki|language=en}}</ref> == Series overview == <onlyinclude>''Caillou'' consists of five seasons of [[PBS]] 144 half-hour episodes, and the 73-minute Christmas film ''[[Caillou's Holiday Movie]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=DHX Media – Distribution – Caillou's Holiday Movie – Catalogue – Pre-School|url=http://distribution.dhxmedia.com/catalogue/preschool/caillous-holiday-movie|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324121406/http://distribution.dhxmedia.com/catalogue/preschool/caillous-holiday-movie|archive-date=March 24, 2014|access-date=March 25, 2014|publisher=Distribution.dhxmedia.com}}</ref> {{Series overview | link0T = Pilot | link0 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes (PBS)</includeonly>#Pilot (1999) | color0 = #006400 | episodes0 = 1 | start0 = {{Start date|1999|03|22}} | end0 = start | link1 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes (PBS)</includeonly>#Season 1 (2000) | color1 = #800000 | episodes1 = 40 | start1 = {{Start date|2000|09|04}} | end1 = {{End date|2000|10|13}} | link2 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes (PBS)</includeonly>#Season 2 (2003) | color2 = #9C9C00 | episodes2 = 16<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Come+Learn+With+Caillou!-a097340175 |title=Come Learn With Caillou! – Free Online Library |publisher=Thefreelibrary.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224105442/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Come+Learn+With+Caillou!-a097340175 |archive-date=December 24, 2013 |access-date=December 22, 2013}}</ref> | start2 = {{Start date|2003|02|10}} | end2 = {{End date|2003|02|25}} | link3 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes (PBS)</includeonly>#Season 3 (2006) | color3 = #006600 | episodes3 = 20<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.caillou.com/parentsteachers/prog_recap3.shtml |title=Caillou . Parents & Teachers . Episodes Descriptions . Season 3 |publisher=Caillou.com |access-date=February 8, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010011412/http://www.caillou.com/parentsteachers/prog_recap3.shtml |archive-date=October 10, 2013}}</ref> | start3 = {{Start date|2006|04|01}} | end3 = {{End date|2006|04|20}} | link4 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes (PBS)</includeonly>#Season 4 (2006) | color4 = #006161 | episodes4 = 42<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thecookiejarcompany.com/download/Library/New%20Caillou.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070114102139/http://www.thecookiejarcompany.com/download/Library/New%20Caillou.pdf |archive-date=January 14, 2007 |title=New Caillou |access-date=December 22, 2013}}</ref> | start4 = {{Start date|2006|09|18}} | end4 = {{End date|2006|10|29}} | link5 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes (PBS)</includeonly>#Season 5 (2013) | color5 = #000080 | episodes5 = 26<ref name="portfolio" /> | start5 = {{Start date|2013|03|11}}<ref name="press">{{cite web |url=http://www.thecookiejarcompany.com/press/cj_press_20100908.php |title=For the Kid Inside! |publisher=The Cookie Jar Company |date=September 8, 2010 |access-date=December 22, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118005722/http://thecookiejarcompany.com/press/cj_press_20100908.php |archive-date=November 18, 2011}}</ref> | end5 = {{End date|2013|04|15}} }}</onlyinclude> == Episodes == <nowiki>*</nowiki> - New episode summaries uploaded in English Wiki article (estimated February 17, 2025). === Pilot (1999) === The pilot episode was released on March 22, 1999, after the ending series of the [[Arthur (season 3)|third season]] of ''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]''. {{Episode table |background=#006400 |title=20 |director= |writer= |airdate= |episodes= {{Episode list | Title = Big Brother Caillou<ref>{{Cite web|title=Big Brother Caillou|url=https://www.dropbox.com/home/Stephen%20McKeever/Videos?preview=PBS+Caillou+Pilot+Episode+-+Big+Brother+Caillou+%281999%29.webm|access-date=2025-02-18|website=Dropbox|language=en}}</ref> | DirectedBy = Jean Pilotte | WrittenBy = Stephen Ashton, Matthew Cope, Patrick Granleese, Rick Jones, Christel Kleitch, Marie-France Landry, Thomas Lapierre, Pascal Lavoie, Joseph Mallozzi, Caroline Maria, Lynn Mason, Ken Ross, Thor Bishopric, Todd Swift, Anne-Marie Perrotta and Tean Schultz | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|1999|03|22}} | ShortSummary = During the events before "Caillou Makes Cookies", 2-year-old toddler Caillou feels jealous to meet his little sister Rosie, he feels grumpy and dislikes it. Meanwhile, Boris goes to work and Caillou enters into Rosie's room and scoots the chair next to her, kissing her face, and pinching Rosie's cheek and starts to shriek loudly. Caillou wants to be a big brother like her and with his babysitting Boris. | LineColor = 006400 }} }} === Season 1 (2000) === {{Episode table |background=#800000 |overall=5 |season=5 |title=20 |aux2=20 |aux2T=Caillette |airdate=12 |prodcode=6 |country=United States |episodes= {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 1 | EpisodeNumber2 = 1 | Title = When I Grow Up... | Aux2 = I'm Growing Up | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|04}} | ProdCode = 101 | ShortSummary = Rexy is eager to grow and asks Gilbert if he notices anything, he asks again. Meanwhile, Teddy is caught between branches in the backyard. As Teddy thinks his way out, a shadow falls over him and he tells Rexy his tall shadow scared him. These are words Rexy loves to hear and he hurries in to give the snoozing Gilbert his growth report. ''The Treasure Chest'': Caillou is helping to clean out the attic with Mommy, he finds it and opens the treasure chest with some unexpected things. ''Caillou's Getting Older'': Caillou and Daddy are in the garden and find out the dead bird looks too old and too scared for him. However, Caillou confuses, also revising his age from younger to older, in order: Rabbit, Dinosaur, and Teddy. ''All in a Day's Work'': Caillou and his family are having a busy day today. Doris refuses to turn off the alarm and she is going to be late for work. When the family is done eating breakfast and Mommy tells them to brush his teeth, he puts makeup on Rosie will be just like his mom. After finishing dressing up, Boris wonders what Caillou is taking so long, then the family are ready to go while the people go to work all day long. ''Caillou's School Bus'': Caillou practices his school bus drive while Daddy gives some patient time, while telling Mr. Washington to look for Caillou's picture drawn before he can ride the bus himself. Sarah and all the other students go to school while Caillou takes home, thankfully the response he sees after his next birthday. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 2 | EpisodeNumber2 = 2 | Title = Summertime! | Aux2 = Summertime | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|05}} | ProdCode = 102 | ShortSummary = Rexy, Teddy, and Gilbert are determined not to be left out, and plan a great picnic and would be a real summer treat, except the puppets forget one little thing: food. ''Caillou at the Beach'': Caillou goes to the beach for the first time and discovers all the sea creatures living there. ''A Camping We Will Go!'': Caillou and his family are on the road because they're going on a camping trip. Caillou asks his Mom to stop using the bathroom. Just then, Rosie woke up and saw that Mommy and Caillou were gone and started crying, waking up Daddy and ending up having to go. Caillou notices a moose crossing sign and that he hopes to see a moose. They reach the campsite and meet Pierre, who tells them about all the great things they can do, but also notes that it's rare to see moose because they're afraid of humans. We had a batch of hamburgers for lunch. Caillou learns about not feeding wild animals with a hamburger bun and goes mountain climbing, they sleep outside in a hammock before he sees his moose. Rosie scares the moose away, but no one gets upset and everyone has a good laugh. ''Caillou Beats the Heat'': Caillou is sad that he and his family can't go to the pool, so they decide to have fun in the backyard. ''Caillou Goes to a Theme Park'': Caillou and his family are going to a theme park and Caillou is excited to see Boris go on the Niagara Falls River Ride. After the ride, Caillou and his family had lunch and the siblings got some cotton candy. Caillou's family goes on the Ferris Wheel, as he can see the whole theme park instead of three hoops over a block of wood, but he wins a bear contest. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 3 | EpisodeNumber2 = 3 | Title = I'm All Better! | Aux2 = My Body | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|06}} | ProdCode = 103 | ShortSummary = Teddy is feeling too sick to hug and Gilbert and Rexy get into making him well. He's worried because he doesn't know how long Teddy will be sick for and Rexy really needs a hug. Gilbert tells him that getting well takes time and the sentence is hardly out of his mouth when Teddy pops out the cat door feeling like a new bear. ''Caillou's Check Up'': Caillou visits the dentist until Leo hears a terrible sound. ''Calling Dr. Caillou'': Caillou is looking forward to a special day at work with Boris, but he feels sick and has to stay home. ''Caillou Visits the Doctor'': Caillou goes to the doctor to check an ear test after a recent infection but is worried that the doctor will make it hurt again. ''Caillou Gets Sick'': Caillou feels sick and goes to sleep, he is taking a bath while he curses into a chicken pox, ending up Rosie makes feel sick and red spots go away soon. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 4 | EpisodeNumber2 = 4 | Title = Pets! | Aux2 = If I Had a Pet | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|07}} | ProdCode = 104 | ShortSummary = When Gilbert wants to try having a pet, he chooses Rexy. At first, Rexy is confused about what a pet is, or if he likes being one. But through Gilbert's caring taking and affection Rexy discovers that being a pet is a lot of fun, not a lot of work for the owner. Much to Rexy's dismay, Gilbert decides that he'd rather be a pet than have one. ''The Cat's Meow'': Caillou is trying to take Gilbert to the vet, unable to repair his checkup. Soon comes to the vet, Caillou meets Sarah with her cat, Ollie, but he keeps his teeth clean. In the examination room, the doctor has finished checking Gilbert gets his shot. ''Caillou to the Rescue'': Gilbert is afraid at the top of branches and the dog barks at Caillou's pet cat, he becomes a firefighter to come get Gilbert down. ''Caillou Looks for Gilbert'': Caillou is having a dinosaur hunter with Gilbert the Cat, he gets lost and it's no sign for Gilbert. Caillou investigates Gilbert before finding it and looks for clues. ''Caillou and Gilbert'': Caillou attempts to play his games with Gilbert, but discovers he prefers his own kitty games. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 5 | EpisodeNumber2 = 5 | Title = My Sister Rosie | Aux2 = Little Sisters, Little Brothers | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|08}} | ProdCode = 105 | ShortSummary = Rexy pretends to be a sister and takes them in the yard. Teddy is looking for inspiration for his painting and Gilbert for his Ode. When Rexy gives a surprise, discovers that a little squirrel wants to be his little sister, he is honored and a new friendship is begun. The friendship gives Teddy and Gilbert just the inspiration they need. ''Mom for a Day'': When Doris leaves for a business meeting and she will come back lately, so Caillou and Rosie can play hide-and-seek together. However, Rosie accidentally hits her knee and Caillou told her to feel better comfortably, she was taken a nap. Caillou sneezes and awakens Rosie then Boris comes for dinner to finish their meal until Doris returns to her house. ''Back Seat Driver'': Caillou and Rosie meet up with Mommy at a restaurant, Rosie reaches Caillou's toy car and makes her upset, he cuts away through them. Meanwhile, Daddy is fixing the car covered in oil smudged on his face unlikely the mechanic gets cleaned up. ''Caillou's Top Bunk'': Caillou and Rosie visits his grandparents' house before Boris and Doris goes on the week-long vacation, he process his own room to have a sleepover. During nighttime, Caillou told Rosie is too high for the bunk, she reaches up when their grandparents goes to sleep. However, this cause Rosie to be scared to climb without Teddy gets it. The next morning, grandparents have good news that Rosie isn't afraid what Caillou tell her. ''Caillou Plays Baby'': Caillou and Rosie are playing with toys and Mommy times to clean them up the right way. Caillou decides to act like a baby, he sees Rosie drinking from a training cup and asks for milk in a baby cup. Then they have a dessert with chocolate pudding, Caillou wants a bib and they always want to play for Rosie's toys together upstairs. In the ending scene, Caillou decides to be four-years-old again, Mommy plays cards with Caillou, Rosie is taking a nap. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 6 | EpisodeNumber2 = 6 | Title = Caillou Creates! | Aux2 = Creating Something New | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|09}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = Teddy is creating a collage in the yard, but Gilbert is up a tree writing an Ode about the beautiful garden. Rexy tries to think of something creative to do with a lost puzzle piece and makes a recycled mobile. Teddy is suffering from the creator's block, one corner to fill and nothing he can find to put there. Rexy points out that Gilbert's Ode is surrounded by the garden collage which will finish it off perfectly. ''Do It Yourself!'': Grandpa and Caillou think that he is mowing the grass and heads the garbage trucks. Meanwhile, when they visit Clementine, she made a birdhouse built before. Back to their house, much to dismay, Caillou doesn't know how to undo his crafts, he will try some other section of crafts who works the best. ''Caillou's Got Rhythms'': Caillou, Grandpa, and Rosie go to the music concert, both are dancing around the circles, he thinks he will come back tomorrow then plays drums and pianos as a good leader. Yet, Grandma teaches Caillou to play piano and Rosie plays with her blocks. Both are teaching their own instruments works for best. ''Caillou's Colors'': At Grandma's house, Caillou is in the mood today, he decides to paint for me and Grandma, she finishes an apple pie while Mommy arrives to get him. ''The Caillou Show'': Caillou's playgroup put on a play about watering flowers. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 7 | EpisodeNumber2 = 7 | Title = Caillou Cooks! | Aux2 = I'm Cookin' | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|10}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = Rexy prepares the event and everyone has a playhouse and requires a costume to become the King Rexy Feast. ''Caillou's Kitchen'': Doris is making ingredients for supper tonight. Caillou wants to help make lettuce for her, soon Boris and Rosie come outside to play. Outside, he meets Sarah, wanting to make a pizza with dirt for their picnic while Rosie joins. Caillou follows Gilbert runs away, he accidentally tripped over a red cylinder block that he was created before and Sarah has a flower to send his mother and sets on the table. ''Recipe for Fun'': Boris brings Caillou to the grandparents' house, Grandpa forgets Caillou to bring a teddy car all away to the blue car, feeling disappointed. Meanwhile, Caillou takes Grandma to the garden by working his cooking ingredients for the dirt cycle and drawing a potato. When Boris comes home to Caillou, he does his drawing of a potato and both walk home. ''Caillou Makes Cookies'': Caillou plays loudly with his drum and singing, his mother Doris (a.k.a. Mommy) tolds him to play quietly while his sister Rosie, taking a nap. He is feeling hungry, he attempts to make cookies by himself and ends up causing a mess in the kitchen. The next morning, the rest of Caillou's family, his father Boris (a.k.a. Daddy) and his pet cat Gilbert, eats lunch outside and they have cookies for dessert. At the end of the story, Caillou throws sand in the air and enters his sandbox. ''Caillou's Surprise Breakfast'': Caillou gets up early to make breakfast with his mom and dad. Caillou makes toast and tells his parents come downstairs and give Caillou and Rosie's surprise breakfast for them. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 8 | EpisodeNumber2 = 8 | Title = Food-a-Licious! | Aux2 = Food-a-Licious | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|11}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = The puppeteers decide to make a yummy tasty treat, which is presented by a grand flourish and they discover their own. Disappointment rules until they decide to eat their own, Rexy and Teddy do try each other, but no one can bring themselves. ''Farmer Caillou'': The family loses his egg to make a breakfast pancake and that it looks unlucky. Meanwhile, Caillou and Mr. Hinkle investigate the egg to make pancakes for everyone, but Caillou such a good farmer helper. ''Caillou Hates Vegetables'': Caillou refuses to eat vegetables and wants to eat cookies for lunch. Meanwhile, Grandpa soon solves the problem, Caillou cheers up but Grandpa tells him that bears eat their berries, while Caillou gives a joke before the dessert comes. ''Caillou Grows Carrots'': Caillou is playing with his toy car in the kitchen when Doris comes in and goes to the outdoor garden. Meanwhile, Grandpa learns how Caillou grows carrots and tries to come out before dinner is served for his family. ''Chopsticks'': At Sarah's house, Caillou and Sarah stay for dinner to use chopsticks and eat noodles, before they can end up failures while proves the Jell-0 cubes to teach her right. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 9 | EpisodeNumber2 = 9 | Title = Traveling! | Aux2 = Travel Song | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|12}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = Rexy tells Gilbert that he would travel some places. Teddy walks across the yard with wings attached on his back, he climbs up the playhouse steps and his friends are concerned that he might think he can fly. Teddy smiles at their silliness and spreads his arms. As he runs across the yard, he tells them he's just pretending, the others will choose their mode of travel and pretend too. ''Under Sail'': The family went to the lake and Caillou was curious about sailing boats. When Caillou gets in the bath, he tells Daddy that they visit a lake. The next day, Caillou and Rosie visit their grandparents while Caillou and Grandpa learn how to sail boats before the rainy weather arrives. ''Next Stop, Fun!'': Caillou and his family are going on a vacation to the seaside via train this summer. ''Caillou Learns to Drive'': When playing with his toys, Caillou imagines to be driven like a car before carefully using controls. ''Caillou Flies on a Plane'': Caillou, Mommy, and Daddy are behaving on a plane and a place to sit. Caillou discovers that the clouds are not scared, the pilot gives Caillou a special pilot badge and has a wonderful vacation. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 10 | EpisodeNumber2 = 10 | Title = Puppy Love! | Aux2 = The Puppy Song | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|13}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = When Teddy and Rexy dress up and play with puppies. Teddy discovers that not only is Rexy a big ham, but dinosaurs and dogs seem to like a lot of the same things. The game goes well until barking at a squirrel they wake Gilbert up. Gilbert would prefer they'd play cats instead, but Teddy and Rexy agree to pretend some more. ''Caillou is Scared of Dogs'': After a dog barks at him, Caillou is quite fearful – but when he meets Grandma's sister's Dog, Rover, he discovers that they are wonderful pets. ''Lost and Found'': Caillou finds different ways to communicate while he loses his voice. ''A Special Dog'': Caillou and Doris went to the park and meet a fascinating woman Dylan with her friendly dog, Maxwell, when Caillou teaches a lesson to get crosses the street while Maxwell passes by. ''Caillou Walks a Dog'': Caillou helps Grandma walk Rover the Dog and learns how dogs like him get exercise. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 11 | EpisodeNumber2 = 11 | Title = Best Behavior! | Aux2 = I'm On My Best | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|14}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = When Rexy races in and interrupts an Ode reading session, Gilbert is annoyed and Rexy confused by his reaction. Teddy tries to explain to Rexy about feelings and consideration. Teddy introduces some manners to Rexy including a polite way to gives a Gilbert's big hug. ''Sunday Brunch'': Caillou can't wait because today is Mother's Day and he gets a surprise gift for Doris. Meanwhile, Doris responds that she is not her birthday, but Boris suggests taking them to brunch for their meal. At the restaurant, Caillou and Rosie press their faces against a fish tank and then are escorted to the table by a waiter and get food ready. However, the waiter deserves a family cake and she wishes her a happy birthday, he also gives her a gift of acknowledgement. ''Caillou Goes to School'': Caillou is watching out the window to see the school bus, Daddy keeps calling him to do things, which annoys him because he might miss the bus. He does get to see it, though and it gets him to wishing that he could go to school. That evening, Sarah comes over with an invitation and her school is having a little brother/sister day. Caillou's parents agree and the next day, Caillou is having a day off to school. He doesn't bring his dinosaur and gets forgotten in his backpack, Doris drives Caillou and Sarah to send both to school. Caillou gets to see Sarah's classroom, but then they have to go to the gym for assembly. Once there, Caillou wants to play, but Sarah tells him they have to sit and listen. As the principal drones on about a "fun-filled, action-packed day," Caillou starts to get antsy and goes to the bathroom. Later, Caillou and Sarah are back in the classroom, drawing on the blackboard, they don't go wrong, but it's allowed since it's a special day. Then they have recess, during which Sarah comments that she likes school, but wishes they had more time outside. Caillou doesn't understand until the bell rings but the recess' over, back in class, Caillou enjoys painting with partners. At lunch, Caillou and Sarah decide to switch their lunches. On his way home, Caillou tells Mommy all about what he did in school and then goes to sleep in the back of the car. ''Rosie Bothers Caillou'': Rosie unknowingly annoys Caillou when he wants to be alone. ''Caillou and the Doll'': Caillou plays with Rosie's doll, while Julie then arrives to babysit Caillou and Rosie. Meanwhile, Julie comes in, but he hides Rosie's doll in his toy box and sticks up to find it somewhere. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 12 | EpisodeNumber2 = 12 | Title = Starry Night | Aux2 = The Lullaby Song | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|15}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = When Teddy and Rexy get left outside by mistake, a moon for a monster, tries to run from it. However, they get scared of it until Gilbert comes along and corrects them, then takes them indoors. ''Star Light, Star Bright'': Caillou wants to see a shooting star, but he keeps missing it, which he imagines. ''Caillou in Space'': Leo drops off from Caillou's home, Caillou and Leo play spacemen outside of the room, Rosie feels left out. ''Caillou is Afraid of the Dark'': Caillou believes that bedtime monsters are real, and he is afraid to sleep. ''Caillou's Summer Goodnight'': Caillou has trouble sleeping as it's still light outside, but Grandma helps pass the time. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 13 | EpisodeNumber2 = 13 | Title = Lost and Found | Aux2 = I Lost My Teddy Bear | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|16}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = ''A Frog in Caillou's Throat'': When the rain stops, Caillou jumps into the puddles and starts feeling cold, but the throat feels scratchy. ''Finders Keepers'': Caillou and his friend Leo are playing in the backyard at the sandbox. Caillou and Leo remember a game picker of items they can choose correctly for lost-and-found. ''Caillou's Hiding Place'': Caillou discovers a hollow interior inside a tree at Grandma and Grandpa's house. ''Caillou's Missing Sock'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 14 | EpisodeNumber2 = 14 | Title = Just for Laughs | Aux2 = I Love to Laugh | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|17}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = It starts out to have fun with Gilbert deciding to walk backward and speak in another language, Teddy tries hard to remember a joke and begins to laugh. He still can't recall the punch line, consuming his laughter is contagious to Gilbert, but Rexy, try though he may, just doesn't get the joke. When the ridiculousness of the situation is explained to Rexy he finally gets the last laugh and loves it. ''Caillou the Great'': Caillou goes to Leo's birthday party and wants to be a magician. ''Caillou is a Clown'': Caillou helps Rosie conquer her fear of Clowns. ''Caillou Joins the Circus'': Caillou thinks the circus is today after he dreams he's an emcee taming a tiger. He wakes up and gets dressed ready to go to the circus, he forgot to brush his teeth. Soon, he gets upset and grumpy when Daddy discovers the circus is tomorrow, not today as he thought. After Caillou plays a toy car before it breaks one of the wheels, he throws a massive tantrum and refuses to wait until tomorrow. He wakes up Rosie, Daddy scolds Caillou's behavior to come downstairs and makes some circus breakfast with juggling burnt toast pops in, which Caillou cheers up. Rosie pretends to be a clown, making out of commotion of Doris and we have the circus parade. ''Clowning Around'': Caillou and Leo make rivers at the sandbox. Caillou and Leo want to make rivers because they are canceled. Leo belongs and Caillou goes to Grandma's house. He wants to make Bopadoo 'bup-a-tum' puppet which makes Bopadoo the clown which respectively clowns around. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 15 | EpisodeNumber2 = 15 | Title = Caillou Helps Out | Aux2 = Helping | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|18}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = ''Surprise Party'': ''Leo's Hamster'': ''Caillou Mails a Letter'': ''Caillou Tidies His Toys'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 16 | EpisodeNumber2 = 16 | Title = Imagine! | Aux2 = Imagination | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|19}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = ''Caillou's Clouds'': ''Caillou's Sea Adventure'': ''Caillou Learns to Drive'': When playing with his toys, Caillou imagines to be driven like a car before carefully using controls. ''Caillou's Special Friend'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 17 | EpisodeNumber2 = 17 | Title = Big Brother Caillou | Aux2 = Big Brothers, Big Sisters | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|20}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = When Dee-Dee asks for an opinion on her painting, Rexy loss for words. Being a sort of big brother, he doesn't want to hurt her feelings, but in fact, the painting's just a big green blob. When Teddy tells Rexy to be honest, he discovers that the painting is just a big green blob and both he and Dee-Dee like it just that way. ''Caillou is a Clown'': ''Mom for a Day'': ''Hide and Seek'': ''Caillou Watches Rosie'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 18 | EpisodeNumber2 = 18 | Title = Words! | Aux2 = Books, Books | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|21}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = Teddy and Rexy learns a new word from the dictionary and decides to say a word "plethora" at every possible occasion, but Rexy just can't find an occasion for his. When Gilbert reads a special Ode he's written, it's all about Rexy, but he is so happy and is finally able to use his word. ''Comic Caper!'': ''Read All About It'': ''Caillou Mails a Letter'': ''Caillou and Daddy'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 19 | EpisodeNumber2 = 19 | Title = I Can Do It! | Aux2 = Try, Try Again | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|22}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = Gilbert and Teddy try to help Rexy to build a snowman. They explain he's doing it all wrong, Rexy thanks them but insists he do it himself. But it doesn't take long for Rexy to realize, perhaps his friends know more about snow than he and anyway the end of his freezing nose. Rexy realizes that some things are just better done with friends. ''House Paint'': ''Caillou Plays Baseball'': ''Caillou Learns to Swim'': ''Caillou's Big Slide'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 20 | EpisodeNumber2 = 20 | Title = My Family | Aux2 = My Family | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|23}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = A downhearted Rexy has no family and papers, soon Deedee was thrilled because they are having a huge family reunion, but the joy is quickly lost when she finds Rexy. Teddy and Gilbert decide to draw up some official papers for Rexy and adopt him into Caillou's family. When they present the papers, Rexy was thrilled that he has a family, the same emotion as Deedee too because as they hug, Rexy is having a family reunion of his own. ''Say Cheese!'': ''A New Member of the Family'': ''Caillou and Daddy'': ''Caillou Goes to the Zoo'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 21 | EpisodeNumber2 = 21 | Title = Winter! | Aux2 = I Love Skating | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|24}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = During snowy weather, Rexy believes that the missing backyard, which tells Gilbert and Teddy and finds it somewhere. With the other hand, inspired he writes an Ode to the day, Teddy feels a lot like snoozing. Therefore, Gilbert takes Rexy out for his first real snow experience. ''Caillou's Snowman'': ''Down Hill from Here'': ''Holiday Magic'': ''Caillou Learns to Skate'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 22 | EpisodeNumber2 = 22 | Title = After Dark! | Aux2 = The Dreams I Want to Keep | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|25}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = On a mystical magical night, Rexy decides to hunt the spookindoodle. Gilbert and Teddy mostly Rexy's own imagination scares him into believing there really is a spookindoodle. While Rexy finds Gilbert and Teddy hunting for fairies that he realizes the spookindoodle still only exists in his mind. ''Shadow Play'': ''Caillou's Bad Dream'': ''Caillou is Afraid of the Dark'': Caillou believes that bedtime monsters are real, and he is afraid to sleep. ''Caillou Sleeps Over'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 23 | EpisodeNumber2 = 23 | Title = Nature | Aux2 = Nature Song | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|26}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = ''Caillou Goes Birdwatching'': ''The Little Bird'': ''Out of the Woods'': ''Caillou the Jungle Explorer'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 24 | EpisodeNumber2 = 24 | Title = Knowing I'm Growing | Aux2 = I'm Growing | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|27}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = ''Caillou's New Shoes'': ''I Want to Grow Up!'': ''Caillou and the Tooth Fairy'': ''Caillou's Teddy Shirt'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 25 | EpisodeNumber2 = 25 | Title = All Kinds of Weather | Aux2 = Out in the Weather | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|28}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 26 | EpisodeNumber2 = 26 | Title = Caillou Discovers | Aux2 = Machines Saves All the Fuss | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|29}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 27 | EpisodeNumber2 = 27 | Title = Friends | Aux2 = My Best Friends | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|30}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 28 | EpisodeNumber2 = 28 | Title = Springtime! | Aux2 = It's Spring | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|01}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 29 | EpisodeNumber2 = 29 | Title = All in a Day | Aux2 = All in a Day | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|02}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 30 | EpisodeNumber2 = 30 | Title = Celebrations | Aux2 = Celebrate | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|03}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 31 | EpisodeNumber2 = 31 | Title = Games to Play | Aux2 = Do You Want to Play? | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|04}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 32 | EpisodeNumber2 = 32 | Title = Grown-ups and Me | Aux2 = Grown-ups | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|05}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 33 | EpisodeNumber2 = 33 | Title = Try, Try Again | Aux2 = Try Again | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|06}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 34 | EpisodeNumber2 = 34 | Title = Adventure! | Aux2 = I'm a Great Explorer | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|07}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 35 | EpisodeNumber2 = 35 | Title = Getting Along | Aux2 = Getting Along | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|08}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 36 | EpisodeNumber2 = 36 | Title = Caillou's Neighborhood | Aux2 = Neighbors Help You Out | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|09}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 37 | EpisodeNumber2 = 37 | Title = Old and New | Aux2 = Read All About It | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|10}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 38 | EpisodeNumber2 = 38 | Title = Vacations | Aux2 = Vacation | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|11}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 39 | EpisodeNumber2 = 39 | Title = Getting the Message | Aux2 = Communicate | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|12}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 40 | EpisodeNumber2 = 40 | Title = Fall is in the Air | Aux2 = When We Say "Boo!" | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|13}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} }} === Season 2 (2003) === {{Episode table |background=#9C9C00 |overall=6 |season=6 |title=20 |aux2=12 |aux2T=Music video |aux3=12 |aux3T=Game used |airdate=10 |episodes= {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 41 | EpisodeNumber2 = 1 | Title = Knowing How! | Aux2 = We Can Do It! | Aux3 = Musical Instrumental Sounds | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|10}} | ShortSummary = ''Where I Live'': ''Skating Lessons'': ''Just Like Me'': ''Just in Time'': | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 42 | EpisodeNumber2 = 2 | Title = Changing Plans! | Aux2 = Something New to Do | Aux3 = Which One Doesn't Belong | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|11}} | ShortSummary = ''I Scream for Ice Cream!'': ''Fun in the Mud'': ''Super Caillou'': ''Caillou's Race'': | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 43 | EpisodeNumber2 = 3 | Title = Sounds and Music! | Aux2 = Now We Are in Making Music | Aux3 = Sound Detective | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|12}} | ShortSummary = ''Follow That Sound!'': ''Caillou Marches On'': ''Music Box!'': ''Caillou's Gym Day'': | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 44 | EpisodeNumber2 = 4 | Title = I'm Learning! | Aux2 = I'm Learning Everything! | Aux3 = The Put-Away Game | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|13}} | ShortSummary = ''Caillou the Firefighter'': ''Cowboy Caillou'': ''Caillou's Coins'': ''Caillou the Timekeeper'': | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 45 | EpisodeNumber2 = 5 | Title = People I Love | Aux2 = I Love My Mommy | Aux3 = The Match Up Game | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|14}} | ShortSummary = ''Dancing at Grandma's'': ''Mystery Valentine'': ''Play Ball!'': ''Caillou's Sleepover Guest'': | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 46 | EpisodeNumber2 = 6 | Title = The World Around Me! | Aux2 = I'm So Happy To Be Me | Aux3 = Exploring the World Around Us | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|15}} | ShortSummary = ''Caillou's Favorite Plate'': ''Games in the Park'': ''All Aboard'': ''Gilbert's House'': | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 47 | EpisodeNumber2 = 7 | Title = Machines! Brrrrrmmm! | Aux2 = Machines Go | Aux3 = The Guessing Game | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|16}} | ShortSummary = ''As Good as New'': ''Trip on the Subway'': ''Caillou and the Bulldozer'': ''Caillou's Test Drive'': | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 48 | EpisodeNumber2 = 8 | Title = It's Cold Outside! Brrr! | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|17}} | ShortSummary = Outside snowing day, Rexy uses his new sled to go down a hill but isn't working, he wonders why and Gilbert explains to Rexy that his sled isn't working because it didn't snow enough for sledding. Luckily, Rexy uses the sled to slide down toy cars. | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 49 | EpisodeNumber2 = 9 | Title = New Places and New Things! | Aux2 = New Things | Aux3 = The Memory Game | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|18}} | ShortSummary = ''Caillou Becomes a Waiter'': ''The Big Boat!'': ''Sticking to It!'': ''New Clothes'': | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 50 | EpisodeNumber2 = 10 | Title = Step By Step! | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|19}} | ShortSummary = Rexy, Teddy and Gilbert learns how to undo step-by-step drawing. | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 51 | EpisodeNumber2 = 11 | Title = I Love to Pretend! | Aux2 = Let's Use Our Imagination | Aux3 = The Guessing Game | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|20}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 52 | EpisodeNumber2 = 12 | Title = All Wet! | Aux2 = Wet | Aux3 = Which One Doesn't Belong | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|21}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 53 | EpisodeNumber2 = 13 | Title = Animals and Me! | Aux2 = I Can Do What Animals Do | Aux3 = The Memory Game | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|22}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 54 | EpisodeNumber2 = 14 | Title = Outdoor Adventures | Aux2 = Take a Walk in Nature | Aux3 = Who Lives Here? | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|23}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 55 | EpisodeNumber2 = 15 | Title = All Around the Block! | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|24}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 56 | EpisodeNumber2 = 16 | Title = Doing It Together! | Aux2 = We're a Team | Aux3 = The Memory Game | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|25}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} }} === Season 3 (2006) === {{Episode table |background=#006600 |overall= |season= |title= |aux2= |aux2T=Song |aux3= |aux3T=Game used |airdate= |episodes= {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 57 | EpisodeNumber2 = 1 | Title = Caillou the Detective | Aux2 = I Am the Great Detective | Aux3 = Hide and Seek | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|01}} | ShortSummary = ''Where's Gilbert?'': ''Where I Saw It Last'': ''Lost in the Jungle'': | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 58 | EpisodeNumber2 = 2 | Title = Caillou the Brave | Aux2 = Sailing | Aux3 = The Remembering Game | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|02}} | ShortSummary = ''Caillou and the Big Slide'': ''Caillou the Sailor'': ''Caillou and the Creepy Crawlies'': | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 59 | EpisodeNumber2 = 3 | Title = Caillou the Explorer | Aux2 = Come Explore with Me | Aux3 = Match the Animals Home | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|03}} | ShortSummary = ''Caillou of the Antarctic'': ''Deep Sea Caillou'': ''Caillou in the Bayou'': | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 60 | EpisodeNumber2 = 4 | Title = Caillou the Sports Star | Aux2 = I Wanna Be Big Right Now | Aux3 = What is Missing for Anyone | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|04}} | ShortSummary = ''Everyone's Best'': ''Stronger Every Day'': ''No More Training Wheels'': | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 61 | EpisodeNumber2 = 5 | Title = Caillou the Musician | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|05}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 62 | EpisodeNumber2 = 6 | Title = Caillou to the Rescue | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|06}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 63 | EpisodeNumber2 = 7 | Title = Caillou the Builder | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|07}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 64 | EpisodeNumber2 = 8 | Title = Caillou the Snowman | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|08}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 65 | EpisodeNumber2 = 9 | Title = Caillou the Magnificent | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|09}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 66 | EpisodeNumber2 = 10 | Title = Caillou the Scientist | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|10}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 67 | EpisodeNumber2 = 11 | Title = Caillou the Bookworm | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|11}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 68 | EpisodeNumber2 = 12 | Title = Caillou the Artist | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|12}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 69 | EpisodeNumber2 = 13 | Title = Captain Caillou | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|13}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 70 | EpisodeNumber2 = 14 | Title = Caillou Loves the Fall | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|14}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 71 | EpisodeNumber2 = 15 | Title = Caillou Outdoors! | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|15}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 72 | EpisodeNumber2 = 16 | Title = Caillou's Surprise | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|16}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 73 | EpisodeNumber2 = 17 | Title = Caillou the Helper | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|17}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 74 | EpisodeNumber2 = 18 | Title = Caillou's Christmas | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|18}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 75 | EpisodeNumber2 = 19 | Title = Springtime for Caillou | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|19}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 76 | EpisodeNumber2 = 20 | Title = Caillou Can Do It! | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|20}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} }} ===Season 4 (2006)=== {{Episode table |background=#006161 |overall= |season= |title= |aux2= |aux2T=Song |airdate= |episodes= {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 77 | EpisodeNumber2 = 1 | Title = Starry Night | Aux2 = All in a Day | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|18}} | ShortSummary = The episode repeats on season 1, episode 12. ''Star Light, Star Bright'': Caillou wants to see a shooting star, but he keeps missing it, which he imagines. ''Caillou in Space'': Leo drops off from Caillou's home, Caillou and Leo play spaceman outside of the room, Rosie feels left out. ''Caillou is Afraid of the Dark'': Caillou believes that bedtime monsters are real, and he is afraid to sleep. ''Caillou's Summer Goodnight'': Caillou has trouble sleeping as it's still light outside, but Grandma helps pass the time. | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 78 | EpisodeNumber2 = 2 | Title = Lost and Found | Aux2 = I'm Doing It | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|19}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 79 | EpisodeNumber2 = 3 | Title = Just for Laughs | Aux2 = Celebrate | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|20}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 80 | EpisodeNumber2 = 4 | Title = Caillou Helps Out | Aux2 = Helping | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|21}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 81 | EpisodeNumber2 = 5 | Title = Imagine! | Aux2 = Big Brothers, Big Sisters | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|22}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 82 | EpisodeNumber2 = 6 | Title = Words! | Aux2 = All in a Day | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|23}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 83 | EpisodeNumber2 = 7 | Title = I Can Do It! | Aux2 = I'm Doing It | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|24}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 84 | EpisodeNumber2 = 8 | Title = My Family | Aux2 = Big Brothers, Big Sisters | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|25}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 85 | EpisodeNumber2 = 9 | Title = Winter! | Aux2 = Celebrate | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|26}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 86 | EpisodeNumber2 = 10 | Title = After Dark | Aux2 = All in a Day | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|27}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 87 | EpisodeNumber2 = 11 | Title = Nature | Aux2 = Machines Save All the Fuss | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|28}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 88 | EpisodeNumber2 = 12 | Title = Knowing I'm Growing | Aux2 = Helping | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|29}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 89 | EpisodeNumber2 = 13 | Title = All Kinds of Weather | Aux2 = All in a Day | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|30}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} }} ===Season 5 (2013)=== {{Episode table |background=#000080 |overall= |season= |title= |aux2= |aux2T=Interstital |airdate= |episodes= {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 119 | EpisodeNumber2 = 1 | Title = Caillou Cares | Aux2 = Creepy Crawlies | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2013|03|11}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 000080 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 120 | EpisodeNumber2 = 2 | Title = Can Do Caillou | Aux2 = Caillou Goes Apple Picking | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2013|03|12}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 000080 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 121 | EpisodeNumber2 = 3 | Title = Caillou Gets Active | Aux2 = Caillou's Road Trip | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2013|03|13}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 000080 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 122 | EpisodeNumber2 = 4 | Title = Cooking with Caillou | Aux2 = Caillou the Chef | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2013|03|14}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 000080 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 123 | EpisodeNumber2 = 5 | Title = Big Time Caillou | Aux2 = Caillou's Marching Band | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2013|03|15}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 000080 }} }} == See also == * [[List of Caillou episodes]] == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Caillou]] [[Category:Lists of animated television series episodes|Caillou]] nljz5js0jjk5cimpcn6al30rgmjhjpc 10368371 10368364 2025-07-02T22:23:01Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* top */ 10368371 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:List of ''Caillou'' episodes (PBS)}} ''[[Caillou]]'' has produced a total of PBS 144 half-hour episodes (598 five-minute segments) from September 4, 2000 to December 27, 2020 in 20 years, and the separate 73-minute children's film ''[[Caillou's Holiday Movie]]'' (2003). The first series premiered at 7AM along with [[Wishbone]] and [[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]] schedule times.<ref>{{Cite web|title=September 4, 2000|url=https://pbsba.fandom.com/wiki/September_4,_2000|access-date=2025-01-24|website=PBS Broadcast Archives Wiki|language=en}}</ref> == Series overview == <onlyinclude>''Caillou'' consists of five seasons of [[PBS]] 144 half-hour episodes, and the 73-minute Christmas film ''[[Caillou's Holiday Movie]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=DHX Media – Distribution – Caillou's Holiday Movie – Catalogue – Pre-School|url=http://distribution.dhxmedia.com/catalogue/preschool/caillous-holiday-movie|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324121406/http://distribution.dhxmedia.com/catalogue/preschool/caillous-holiday-movie|archive-date=March 24, 2014|access-date=March 25, 2014|publisher=Distribution.dhxmedia.com}}</ref> {{Series overview | link0T = Pilot | link0 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes (PBS)</includeonly>#Pilot (1999) | color0 = #006400 | episodes0 = 1 | start0 = {{Start date|1999|03|22}} | end0 = start | link1 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes (PBS)</includeonly>#Season 1 (2000) | color1 = #800000 | episodes1 = 40 | start1 = {{Start date|2000|09|04}} | end1 = {{End date|2000|10|13}} | link2 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes (PBS)</includeonly>#Season 2 (2003) | color2 = #9C9C00 | episodes2 = 16<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Come+Learn+With+Caillou!-a097340175 |title=Come Learn With Caillou! – Free Online Library |publisher=Thefreelibrary.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224105442/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Come+Learn+With+Caillou!-a097340175 |archive-date=December 24, 2013 |access-date=December 22, 2013}}</ref> | start2 = {{Start date|2003|02|10}} | end2 = {{End date|2003|02|25}} | link3 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes (PBS)</includeonly>#Season 3 (2006) | color3 = #006600 | episodes3 = 20<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.caillou.com/parentsteachers/prog_recap3.shtml |title=Caillou . Parents & Teachers . Episodes Descriptions . Season 3 |publisher=Caillou.com |access-date=February 8, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010011412/http://www.caillou.com/parentsteachers/prog_recap3.shtml |archive-date=October 10, 2013}}</ref> | start3 = {{Start date|2006|04|01}} | end3 = {{End date|2006|04|20}} | link4 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes (PBS)</includeonly>#Season 4 (2006) | color4 = #006161 | episodes4 = 42<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thecookiejarcompany.com/download/Library/New%20Caillou.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070114102139/http://www.thecookiejarcompany.com/download/Library/New%20Caillou.pdf |archive-date=January 14, 2007 |title=New Caillou |access-date=December 22, 2013}}</ref> | start4 = {{Start date|2006|09|18}} | end4 = {{End date|2006|10|29}} | link5 = <includeonly>List of Caillou episodes (PBS)</includeonly>#Season 5 (2013) | color5 = #000080 | episodes5 = 26<ref name="portfolio" /> | start5 = {{Start date|2013|03|11}}<ref name="press">{{cite web |url=http://www.thecookiejarcompany.com/press/cj_press_20100908.php |title=For the Kid Inside! |publisher=The Cookie Jar Company |date=September 8, 2010 |access-date=December 22, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118005722/http://thecookiejarcompany.com/press/cj_press_20100908.php |archive-date=November 18, 2011}}</ref> | end5 = {{End date|2013|04|15}} }}</onlyinclude> == Episodes == <nowiki>*</nowiki> - New episode summaries uploaded in English Wiki article (estimated February 17, 2025). === Pilot (1999) === The pilot episode was released on March 22, 1999, after the ending series of the [[Arthur (season 3)|third season]] of ''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]''. {{Episode table |background=#006400 |title=20 |director= |writer= |airdate= |episodes= {{Episode list | Title = Big Brother Caillou<ref>{{Cite web|title=Big Brother Caillou|url=https://www.dropbox.com/home/Stephen%20McKeever/Videos?preview=PBS+Caillou+Pilot+Episode+-+Big+Brother+Caillou+%281999%29.webm|access-date=2025-02-18|website=Dropbox|language=en}}</ref> | DirectedBy = Jean Pilotte | WrittenBy = Stephen Ashton, Matthew Cope, Patrick Granleese, Rick Jones, Christel Kleitch, Marie-France Landry, Thomas Lapierre, Pascal Lavoie, Joseph Mallozzi, Caroline Maria, Lynn Mason, Ken Ross, Thor Bishopric, Todd Swift, Anne-Marie Perrotta and Tean Schultz | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|1999|03|22}} | ShortSummary = During the events before "Caillou Makes Cookies", 2-year-old toddler Caillou feels jealous to meet his little sister Rosie, he feels grumpy and dislikes it. Meanwhile, Boris goes to work and Caillou enters into Rosie's room and scoots the chair next to her, kissing her face, and pinching Rosie's cheek and starts to shriek loudly. Caillou wants to be a big brother like her and with his babysitting Boris. | LineColor = 006400 }} }} === Season 1 (2000) === {{Episode table |background=#800000 |overall=5 |season=5 |title=20 |aux2=20 |aux2T=Caillette |airdate=12 |prodcode=6 |country=United States |episodes= {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 1 | EpisodeNumber2 = 1 | Title = When I Grow Up... | Aux2 = I'm Growing Up | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|04}} | ProdCode = 101 | ShortSummary = Rexy is eager to grow and asks Gilbert if he notices anything, he asks again. Meanwhile, Teddy is caught between branches in the backyard. As Teddy thinks his way out, a shadow falls over him and he tells Rexy his tall shadow scared him. These are words Rexy loves to hear and he hurries in to give the snoozing Gilbert his growth report. ''The Treasure Chest'': Caillou is helping to clean out the attic with Mommy, he finds it and opens the treasure chest with some unexpected things. ''Caillou's Getting Older'': Caillou and Daddy are in the garden and find out the dead bird looks too old and too scared for him. However, Caillou confuses, also revising his age from younger to older, in order: Rabbit, Dinosaur, and Teddy. ''All in a Day's Work'': Caillou and his family are having a busy day today. Doris refuses to turn off the alarm and she is going to be late for work. When the family is done eating breakfast and Mommy tells them to brush his teeth, he puts makeup on Rosie will be just like his mom. After finishing dressing up, Boris wonders what Caillou is taking so long, then the family are ready to go while the people go to work all day long. ''Caillou's School Bus'': Caillou practices his school bus drive while Daddy gives some patient time, while telling Mr. Washington to look for Caillou's picture drawn before he can ride the bus himself. Sarah and all the other students go to school while Caillou takes home, thankfully the response he sees after his next birthday. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 2 | EpisodeNumber2 = 2 | Title = Summertime! | Aux2 = Summertime | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|05}} | ProdCode = 102 | ShortSummary = Rexy, Teddy, and Gilbert are determined not to be left out, and plan a great picnic and would be a real summer treat, except the puppets forget one little thing: food. ''Caillou at the Beach'': Caillou goes to the beach for the first time and discovers all the sea creatures living there. ''A Camping We Will Go!'': Caillou and his family are on the road because they're going on a camping trip. Caillou asks his Mom to stop using the bathroom. Just then, Rosie woke up and saw that Mommy and Caillou were gone and started crying, waking up Daddy and ending up having to go. Caillou notices a moose crossing sign and that he hopes to see a moose. They reach the campsite and meet Pierre, who tells them about all the great things they can do, but also notes that it's rare to see moose because they're afraid of humans. We had a batch of hamburgers for lunch. Caillou learns about not feeding wild animals with a hamburger bun and goes mountain climbing, they sleep outside in a hammock before he sees his moose. Rosie scares the moose away, but no one gets upset and everyone has a good laugh. ''Caillou Beats the Heat'': Caillou is sad that he and his family can't go to the pool, so they decide to have fun in the backyard. ''Caillou Goes to a Theme Park'': Caillou and his family are going to a theme park and Caillou is excited to see Boris go on the Niagara Falls River Ride. After the ride, Caillou and his family had lunch and the siblings got some cotton candy. Caillou's family goes on the Ferris Wheel, as he can see the whole theme park instead of three hoops over a block of wood, but he wins a bear contest. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 3 | EpisodeNumber2 = 3 | Title = I'm All Better! | Aux2 = My Body | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|06}} | ProdCode = 103 | ShortSummary = Teddy is feeling too sick to hug and Gilbert and Rexy get into making him well. He's worried because he doesn't know how long Teddy will be sick for and Rexy really needs a hug. Gilbert tells him that getting well takes time and the sentence is hardly out of his mouth when Teddy pops out the cat door feeling like a new bear. ''Caillou's Check Up'': Caillou visits the dentist until Leo hears a terrible sound. ''Calling Dr. Caillou'': Caillou is looking forward to a special day at work with Boris, but he feels sick and has to stay home. ''Caillou Visits the Doctor'': Caillou goes to the doctor to check an ear test after a recent infection but is worried that the doctor will make it hurt again. ''Caillou Gets Sick'': Caillou feels sick and goes to sleep, he is taking a bath while he curses into a chicken pox, ending up Rosie makes feel sick and red spots go away soon. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 4 | EpisodeNumber2 = 4 | Title = Pets! | Aux2 = If I Had a Pet | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|07}} | ProdCode = 104 | ShortSummary = When Gilbert wants to try having a pet, he chooses Rexy. At first, Rexy is confused about what a pet is, or if he likes being one. But through Gilbert's caring taking and affection Rexy discovers that being a pet is a lot of fun, not a lot of work for the owner. Much to Rexy's dismay, Gilbert decides that he'd rather be a pet than have one. ''The Cat's Meow'': Caillou is trying to take Gilbert to the vet, unable to repair his checkup. Soon comes to the vet, Caillou meets Sarah with her cat, Ollie, but he keeps his teeth clean. In the examination room, the doctor has finished checking Gilbert gets his shot. ''Caillou to the Rescue'': Gilbert is afraid at the top of branches and the dog barks at Caillou's pet cat, he becomes a firefighter to come get Gilbert down. ''Caillou Looks for Gilbert'': Caillou is having a dinosaur hunter with Gilbert the Cat, he gets lost and it's no sign for Gilbert. Caillou investigates Gilbert before finding it and looks for clues. ''Caillou and Gilbert'': Caillou attempts to play his games with Gilbert, but discovers he prefers his own kitty games. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 5 | EpisodeNumber2 = 5 | Title = My Sister Rosie | Aux2 = Little Sisters, Little Brothers | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|08}} | ProdCode = 105 | ShortSummary = Rexy pretends to be a sister and takes them in the yard. Teddy is looking for inspiration for his painting and Gilbert for his Ode. When Rexy gives a surprise, discovers that a little squirrel wants to be his little sister, he is honored and a new friendship is begun. The friendship gives Teddy and Gilbert just the inspiration they need. ''Mom for a Day'': When Doris leaves for a business meeting and she will come back lately, so Caillou and Rosie can play hide-and-seek together. However, Rosie accidentally hits her knee and Caillou told her to feel better comfortably, she was taken a nap. Caillou sneezes and awakens Rosie then Boris comes for dinner to finish their meal until Doris returns to her house. ''Back Seat Driver'': Caillou and Rosie meet up with Mommy at a restaurant, Rosie reaches Caillou's toy car and makes her upset, he cuts away through them. Meanwhile, Daddy is fixing the car covered in oil smudged on his face unlikely the mechanic gets cleaned up. ''Caillou's Top Bunk'': Caillou and Rosie visits his grandparents' house before Boris and Doris goes on the week-long vacation, he process his own room to have a sleepover. During nighttime, Caillou told Rosie is too high for the bunk, she reaches up when their grandparents goes to sleep. However, this cause Rosie to be scared to climb without Teddy gets it. The next morning, grandparents have good news that Rosie isn't afraid what Caillou tell her. ''Caillou Plays Baby'': Caillou and Rosie are playing with toys and Mommy times to clean them up the right way. Caillou decides to act like a baby, he sees Rosie drinking from a training cup and asks for milk in a baby cup. Then they have a dessert with chocolate pudding, Caillou wants a bib and they always want to play for Rosie's toys together upstairs. In the ending scene, Caillou decides to be four-years-old again, Mommy plays cards with Caillou, Rosie is taking a nap. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 6 | EpisodeNumber2 = 6 | Title = Caillou Creates! | Aux2 = Creating Something New | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|09}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = Teddy is creating a collage in the yard, but Gilbert is up a tree writing an Ode about the beautiful garden. Rexy tries to think of something creative to do with a lost puzzle piece and makes a recycled mobile. Teddy is suffering from the creator's block, one corner to fill and nothing he can find to put there. Rexy points out that Gilbert's Ode is surrounded by the garden collage which will finish it off perfectly. ''Do It Yourself!'': Grandpa and Caillou think that he is mowing the grass and heads the garbage trucks. Meanwhile, when they visit Clementine, she made a birdhouse built before. Back to their house, much to dismay, Caillou doesn't know how to undo his crafts, he will try some other section of crafts who works the best. ''Caillou's Got Rhythms'': Caillou, Grandpa, and Rosie go to the music concert, both are dancing around the circles, he thinks he will come back tomorrow then plays drums and pianos as a good leader. Yet, Grandma teaches Caillou to play piano and Rosie plays with her blocks. Both are teaching their own instruments works for best. ''Caillou's Colors'': At Grandma's house, Caillou is in the mood today, he decides to paint for me and Grandma, she finishes an apple pie while Mommy arrives to get him. ''The Caillou Show'': Caillou's playgroup put on a play about watering flowers. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 7 | EpisodeNumber2 = 7 | Title = Caillou Cooks! | Aux2 = I'm Cookin' | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|10}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = Rexy prepares the event and everyone has a playhouse and requires a costume to become the King Rexy Feast. ''Caillou's Kitchen'': Doris is making ingredients for supper tonight. Caillou wants to help make lettuce for her, soon Boris and Rosie come outside to play. Outside, he meets Sarah, wanting to make a pizza with dirt for their picnic while Rosie joins. Caillou follows Gilbert runs away, he accidentally tripped over a red cylinder block that he was created before and Sarah has a flower to send his mother and sets on the table. ''Recipe for Fun'': Boris brings Caillou to the grandparents' house, Grandpa forgets Caillou to bring a teddy car all away to the blue car, feeling disappointed. Meanwhile, Caillou takes Grandma to the garden by working his cooking ingredients for the dirt cycle and drawing a potato. When Boris comes home to Caillou, he does his drawing of a potato and both walk home. ''Caillou Makes Cookies'': Caillou plays loudly with his drum and singing, his mother Doris (a.k.a. Mommy) tolds him to play quietly while his sister Rosie, taking a nap. He is feeling hungry, he attempts to make cookies by himself and ends up causing a mess in the kitchen. The next morning, the rest of Caillou's family, his father Boris (a.k.a. Daddy) and his pet cat Gilbert, eats lunch outside and they have cookies for dessert. At the end of the story, Caillou throws sand in the air and enters his sandbox. ''Caillou's Surprise Breakfast'': Caillou gets up early to make breakfast with his mom and dad. Caillou makes toast and tells his parents come downstairs and give Caillou and Rosie's surprise breakfast for them. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 8 | EpisodeNumber2 = 8 | Title = Food-a-Licious! | Aux2 = Food-a-Licious | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|11}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = The puppeteers decide to make a yummy tasty treat, which is presented by a grand flourish and they discover their own. Disappointment rules until they decide to eat their own, Rexy and Teddy do try each other, but no one can bring themselves. ''Farmer Caillou'': The family loses his egg to make a breakfast pancake and that it looks unlucky. Meanwhile, Caillou and Mr. Hinkle investigate the egg to make pancakes for everyone, but Caillou such a good farmer helper. ''Caillou Hates Vegetables'': Caillou refuses to eat vegetables and wants to eat cookies for lunch. Meanwhile, Grandpa soon solves the problem, Caillou cheers up but Grandpa tells him that bears eat their berries, while Caillou gives a joke before the dessert comes. ''Caillou Grows Carrots'': Caillou is playing with his toy car in the kitchen when Doris comes in and goes to the outdoor garden. Meanwhile, Grandpa learns how Caillou grows carrots and tries to come out before dinner is served for his family. ''Chopsticks'': At Sarah's house, Caillou and Sarah stay for dinner to use chopsticks and eat noodles, before they can end up failures while proves the Jell-0 cubes to teach her right. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 9 | EpisodeNumber2 = 9 | Title = Traveling! | Aux2 = Travel Song | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|12}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = Rexy tells Gilbert that he would travel some places. Teddy walks across the yard with wings attached on his back, he climbs up the playhouse steps and his friends are concerned that he might think he can fly. Teddy smiles at their silliness and spreads his arms. As he runs across the yard, he tells them he's just pretending, the others will choose their mode of travel and pretend too. ''Under Sail'': The family went to the lake and Caillou was curious about sailing boats. When Caillou gets in the bath, he tells Daddy that they visit a lake. The next day, Caillou and Rosie visit their grandparents while Caillou and Grandpa learn how to sail boats before the rainy weather arrives. ''Next Stop, Fun!'': Caillou and his family are going on a vacation to the seaside via train this summer. ''Caillou Learns to Drive'': When playing with his toys, Caillou imagines to be driven like a car before carefully using controls. ''Caillou Flies on a Plane'': Caillou, Mommy, and Daddy are behaving on a plane and a place to sit. Caillou discovers that the clouds are not scared, the pilot gives Caillou a special pilot badge and has a wonderful vacation. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 10 | EpisodeNumber2 = 10 | Title = Puppy Love! | Aux2 = The Puppy Song | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|13}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = When Teddy and Rexy dress up and play with puppies. Teddy discovers that not only is Rexy a big ham, but dinosaurs and dogs seem to like a lot of the same things. The game goes well until barking at a squirrel they wake Gilbert up. Gilbert would prefer they'd play cats instead, but Teddy and Rexy agree to pretend some more. ''Caillou is Scared of Dogs'': After a dog barks at him, Caillou is quite fearful – but when he meets Grandma's sister's Dog, Rover, he discovers that they are wonderful pets. ''Lost and Found'': Caillou finds different ways to communicate while he loses his voice. ''A Special Dog'': Caillou and Doris went to the park and meet a fascinating woman Dylan with her friendly dog, Maxwell, when Caillou teaches a lesson to get crosses the street while Maxwell passes by. ''Caillou Walks a Dog'': Caillou helps Grandma walk Rover the Dog and learns how dogs like him get exercise. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 11 | EpisodeNumber2 = 11 | Title = Best Behavior! | Aux2 = I'm On My Best | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|14}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = When Rexy races in and interrupts an Ode reading session, Gilbert is annoyed and Rexy confused by his reaction. Teddy tries to explain to Rexy about feelings and consideration. Teddy introduces some manners to Rexy including a polite way to gives a Gilbert's big hug. ''Sunday Brunch'': Caillou can't wait because today is Mother's Day and he gets a surprise gift for Doris. Meanwhile, Doris responds that she is not her birthday, but Boris suggests taking them to brunch for their meal. At the restaurant, Caillou and Rosie press their faces against a fish tank and then are escorted to the table by a waiter and get food ready. However, the waiter deserves a family cake and she wishes her a happy birthday, he also gives her a gift of acknowledgement. ''Caillou Goes to School'': Caillou is watching out the window to see the school bus, Daddy keeps calling him to do things, which annoys him because he might miss the bus. He does get to see it, though and it gets him to wishing that he could go to school. That evening, Sarah comes over with an invitation and her school is having a little brother/sister day. Caillou's parents agree and the next day, Caillou is having a day off to school. He doesn't bring his dinosaur and gets forgotten in his backpack, Doris drives Caillou and Sarah to send both to school. Caillou gets to see Sarah's classroom, but then they have to go to the gym for assembly. Once there, Caillou wants to play, but Sarah tells him they have to sit and listen. As the principal drones on about a "fun-filled, action-packed day," Caillou starts to get antsy and goes to the bathroom. Later, Caillou and Sarah are back in the classroom, drawing on the blackboard, they don't go wrong, but it's allowed since it's a special day. Then they have recess, during which Sarah comments that she likes school, but wishes they had more time outside. Caillou doesn't understand until the bell rings but the recess' over, back in class, Caillou enjoys painting with partners. At lunch, Caillou and Sarah decide to switch their lunches. On his way home, Caillou tells Mommy all about what he did in school and then goes to sleep in the back of the car. ''Rosie Bothers Caillou'': Rosie unknowingly annoys Caillou when he wants to be alone. ''Caillou and the Doll'': Caillou plays with Rosie's doll, while Julie then arrives to babysit Caillou and Rosie. Meanwhile, Julie comes in, but he hides Rosie's doll in his toy box and sticks up to find it somewhere. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 12 | EpisodeNumber2 = 12 | Title = Starry Night | Aux2 = The Lullaby Song | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|15}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = When Teddy and Rexy get left outside by mistake, a moon for a monster, tries to run from it. However, they get scared of it until Gilbert comes along and corrects them, then takes them indoors. ''Star Light, Star Bright'': Caillou wants to see a shooting star, but he keeps missing it, which he imagines. ''Caillou in Space'': Leo drops off from Caillou's home, Caillou and Leo play spacemen outside of the room, Rosie feels left out. ''Caillou is Afraid of the Dark'': Caillou believes that bedtime monsters are real, and he is afraid to sleep. ''Caillou's Summer Goodnight'': Caillou has trouble sleeping as it's still light outside, but Grandma helps pass the time. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 13 | EpisodeNumber2 = 13 | Title = Lost and Found | Aux2 = I Lost My Teddy Bear | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|16}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = ''A Frog in Caillou's Throat'': When the rain stops, Caillou jumps into the puddles and starts feeling cold, but the throat feels scratchy. ''Finders Keepers'': Caillou and his friend Leo are playing in the backyard at the sandbox. Caillou and Leo remember a game picker of items they can choose correctly for lost-and-found. ''Caillou's Hiding Place'': Caillou discovers a hollow interior inside a tree at Grandma and Grandpa's house. ''Caillou's Missing Sock'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 14 | EpisodeNumber2 = 14 | Title = Just for Laughs | Aux2 = I Love to Laugh | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|17}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = It starts out to have fun with Gilbert deciding to walk backward and speak in another language, Teddy tries hard to remember a joke and begins to laugh. He still can't recall the punch line, consuming his laughter is contagious to Gilbert, but Rexy, try though he may, just doesn't get the joke. When the ridiculousness of the situation is explained to Rexy he finally gets the last laugh and loves it. ''Caillou the Great'': Caillou goes to Leo's birthday party and wants to be a magician. ''Caillou is a Clown'': Caillou helps Rosie conquer her fear of Clowns. ''Caillou Joins the Circus'': Caillou thinks the circus is today after he dreams he's an emcee taming a tiger. He wakes up and gets dressed ready to go to the circus, he forgot to brush his teeth. Soon, he gets upset and grumpy when Daddy discovers the circus is tomorrow, not today as he thought. After Caillou plays a toy car before it breaks one of the wheels, he throws a massive tantrum and refuses to wait until tomorrow. He wakes up Rosie, Daddy scolds Caillou's behavior to come downstairs and makes some circus breakfast with juggling burnt toast pops in, which Caillou cheers up. Rosie pretends to be a clown, making out of commotion of Doris and we have the circus parade. ''Clowning Around'': Caillou and Leo make rivers at the sandbox. Caillou and Leo want to make rivers because they are canceled. Leo belongs and Caillou goes to Grandma's house. He wants to make Bopadoo 'bup-a-tum' puppet which makes Bopadoo the clown which respectively clowns around. | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 15 | EpisodeNumber2 = 15 | Title = Caillou Helps Out | Aux2 = Helping | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|18}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = ''Surprise Party'': ''Leo's Hamster'': ''Caillou Mails a Letter'': ''Caillou Tidies His Toys'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 16 | EpisodeNumber2 = 16 | Title = Imagine! | Aux2 = Imagination | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|19}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = ''Caillou's Clouds'': ''Caillou's Sea Adventure'': ''Caillou Learns to Drive'': When playing with his toys, Caillou imagines to be driven like a car before carefully using controls. ''Caillou's Special Friend'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 17 | EpisodeNumber2 = 17 | Title = Big Brother Caillou | Aux2 = Big Brothers, Big Sisters | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|20}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = When Dee-Dee asks for an opinion on her painting, Rexy loss for words. Being a sort of big brother, he doesn't want to hurt her feelings, but in fact, the painting's just a big green blob. When Teddy tells Rexy to be honest, he discovers that the painting is just a big green blob and both he and Dee-Dee like it just that way. ''Caillou is a Clown'': ''Mom for a Day'': ''Hide and Seek'': ''Caillou Watches Rosie'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 18 | EpisodeNumber2 = 18 | Title = Words! | Aux2 = Books, Books | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|21}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = Teddy and Rexy learns a new word from the dictionary and decides to say a word "plethora" at every possible occasion, but Rexy just can't find an occasion for his. When Gilbert reads a special Ode he's written, it's all about Rexy, but he is so happy and is finally able to use his word. ''Comic Caper!'': ''Read All About It'': ''Caillou Mails a Letter'': ''Caillou and Daddy'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 19 | EpisodeNumber2 = 19 | Title = I Can Do It! | Aux2 = Try, Try Again | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|22}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = Gilbert and Teddy try to help Rexy to build a snowman. They explain he's doing it all wrong, Rexy thanks them but insists he do it himself. But it doesn't take long for Rexy to realize, perhaps his friends know more about snow than he and anyway the end of his freezing nose. Rexy realizes that some things are just better done with friends. ''House Paint'': ''Caillou Plays Baseball'': ''Caillou Learns to Swim'': ''Caillou's Big Slide'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 20 | EpisodeNumber2 = 20 | Title = My Family | Aux2 = My Family | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|23}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = A downhearted Rexy has no family and papers, soon Deedee was thrilled because they are having a huge family reunion, but the joy is quickly lost when she finds Rexy. Teddy and Gilbert decide to draw up some official papers for Rexy and adopt him into Caillou's family. When they present the papers, Rexy was thrilled that he has a family, the same emotion as Deedee too because as they hug, Rexy is having a family reunion of his own. ''Say Cheese!'': ''A New Member of the Family'': ''Caillou and Daddy'': ''Caillou Goes to the Zoo'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 21 | EpisodeNumber2 = 21 | Title = Winter! | Aux2 = I Love Skating | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|24}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = During snowy weather, Rexy believes that the missing backyard, which tells Gilbert and Teddy and finds it somewhere. With the other hand, inspired he writes an Ode to the day, Teddy feels a lot like snoozing. Therefore, Gilbert takes Rexy out for his first real snow experience. ''Caillou's Snowman'': ''Down Hill from Here'': ''Holiday Magic'': ''Caillou Learns to Skate'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 22 | EpisodeNumber2 = 22 | Title = After Dark! | Aux2 = The Dreams I Want to Keep | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|25}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = On a mystical magical night, Rexy decides to hunt the spookindoodle. Gilbert and Teddy mostly Rexy's own imagination scares him into believing there really is a spookindoodle. While Rexy finds Gilbert and Teddy hunting for fairies that he realizes the spookindoodle still only exists in his mind. ''Shadow Play'': ''Caillou's Bad Dream'': ''Caillou is Afraid of the Dark'': Caillou believes that bedtime monsters are real, and he is afraid to sleep. ''Caillou Sleeps Over'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 23 | EpisodeNumber2 = 23 | Title = Nature | Aux2 = Nature Song | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|26}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = ''Caillou Goes Birdwatching'': ''The Little Bird'': ''Out of the Woods'': ''Caillou the Jungle Explorer'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 24 | EpisodeNumber2 = 24 | Title = Knowing I'm Growing | Aux2 = I'm Growing | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|27}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = ''Caillou's New Shoes'': ''I Want to Grow Up!'': ''Caillou and the Tooth Fairy'': ''Caillou's Teddy Shirt'': | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 25 | EpisodeNumber2 = 25 | Title = All Kinds of Weather | Aux2 = Out in the Weather | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|28}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 26 | EpisodeNumber2 = 26 | Title = Caillou Discovers | Aux2 = Machines Saves All the Fuss | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|29}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 27 | EpisodeNumber2 = 27 | Title = Friends | Aux2 = My Best Friends | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|09|30}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 28 | EpisodeNumber2 = 28 | Title = Springtime! | Aux2 = It's Spring | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|01}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 29 | EpisodeNumber2 = 29 | Title = All in a Day | Aux2 = All in a Day | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|02}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 30 | EpisodeNumber2 = 30 | Title = Celebrations | Aux2 = Celebrate | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|03}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 31 | EpisodeNumber2 = 31 | Title = Games to Play | Aux2 = Do You Want to Play? | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|04}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 32 | EpisodeNumber2 = 32 | Title = Grown-ups and Me | Aux2 = Grown-ups | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|05}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 33 | EpisodeNumber2 = 33 | Title = Try, Try Again | Aux2 = Try Again | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|06}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 34 | EpisodeNumber2 = 34 | Title = Adventure! | Aux2 = I'm a Great Explorer | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|07}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 35 | EpisodeNumber2 = 35 | Title = Getting Along | Aux2 = Getting Along | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|08}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 36 | EpisodeNumber2 = 36 | Title = Caillou's Neighborhood | Aux2 = Neighbors Help You Out | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|09}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 37 | EpisodeNumber2 = 37 | Title = Old and New | Aux2 = Read All About It | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|10}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 38 | EpisodeNumber2 = 38 | Title = Vacations | Aux2 = Vacation | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|11}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 39 | EpisodeNumber2 = 39 | Title = Getting the Message | Aux2 = Communicate | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|12}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 40 | EpisodeNumber2 = 40 | Title = Fall is in the Air | Aux2 = When We Say "Boo!" | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2000|10|13}} | ProdCode = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 800000 }} }} === Season 2 (2003) === {{Episode table |background=#9C9C00 |overall=6 |season=6 |title=20 |aux2=12 |aux2T=Music video |aux3=12 |aux3T=Game used |airdate=10 |episodes= {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 41 | EpisodeNumber2 = 1 | Title = Knowing How! | Aux2 = We Can Do It! | Aux3 = Musical Instrumental Sounds | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|10}} | ShortSummary = ''Where I Live'': ''Skating Lessons'': ''Just Like Me'': ''Just in Time'': | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 42 | EpisodeNumber2 = 2 | Title = Changing Plans! | Aux2 = Something New to Do | Aux3 = Which One Doesn't Belong | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|11}} | ShortSummary = ''I Scream for Ice Cream!'': ''Fun in the Mud'': ''Super Caillou'': ''Caillou's Race'': | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 43 | EpisodeNumber2 = 3 | Title = Sounds and Music! | Aux2 = Now We Are in Making Music | Aux3 = Sound Detective | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|12}} | ShortSummary = ''Follow That Sound!'': ''Caillou Marches On'': ''Music Box!'': ''Caillou's Gym Day'': | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 44 | EpisodeNumber2 = 4 | Title = I'm Learning! | Aux2 = I'm Learning Everything! | Aux3 = The Put-Away Game | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|13}} | ShortSummary = ''Caillou the Firefighter'': ''Cowboy Caillou'': ''Caillou's Coins'': ''Caillou the Timekeeper'': | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 45 | EpisodeNumber2 = 5 | Title = People I Love | Aux2 = I Love My Mommy | Aux3 = The Match Up Game | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|14}} | ShortSummary = ''Dancing at Grandma's'': ''Mystery Valentine'': ''Play Ball!'': ''Caillou's Sleepover Guest'': | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 46 | EpisodeNumber2 = 6 | Title = The World Around Me! | Aux2 = I'm So Happy To Be Me | Aux3 = Exploring the World Around Us | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|15}} | ShortSummary = ''Caillou's Favorite Plate'': ''Games in the Park'': ''All Aboard'': ''Gilbert's House'': | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 47 | EpisodeNumber2 = 7 | Title = Machines! Brrrrrmmm! | Aux2 = Machines Go | Aux3 = The Guessing Game | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|16}} | ShortSummary = ''As Good as New'': ''Trip on the Subway'': ''Caillou and the Bulldozer'': ''Caillou's Test Drive'': | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 48 | EpisodeNumber2 = 8 | Title = It's Cold Outside! Brrr! | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|17}} | ShortSummary = Outside snowing day, Rexy uses his new sled to go down a hill but isn't working, he wonders why and Gilbert explains to Rexy that his sled isn't working because it didn't snow enough for sledding. Luckily, Rexy uses the sled to slide down toy cars. | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 49 | EpisodeNumber2 = 9 | Title = New Places and New Things! | Aux2 = New Things | Aux3 = The Memory Game | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|18}} | ShortSummary = ''Caillou Becomes a Waiter'': ''The Big Boat!'': ''Sticking to It!'': ''New Clothes'': | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 50 | EpisodeNumber2 = 10 | Title = Step By Step! | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|19}} | ShortSummary = Rexy, Teddy and Gilbert learns how to undo step-by-step drawing. | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 51 | EpisodeNumber2 = 11 | Title = I Love to Pretend! | Aux2 = Let's Use Our Imagination | Aux3 = The Guessing Game | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|20}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 52 | EpisodeNumber2 = 12 | Title = All Wet! | Aux2 = Wet | Aux3 = Which One Doesn't Belong | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|21}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 53 | EpisodeNumber2 = 13 | Title = Animals and Me! | Aux2 = I Can Do What Animals Do | Aux3 = The Memory Game | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|22}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 54 | EpisodeNumber2 = 14 | Title = Outdoor Adventures | Aux2 = Take a Walk in Nature | Aux3 = Who Lives Here? | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|23}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 55 | EpisodeNumber2 = 15 | Title = All Around the Block! | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|24}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 56 | EpisodeNumber2 = 16 | Title = Doing It Together! | Aux2 = We're a Team | Aux3 = The Memory Game | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2003|02|25}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 9C9C00 }} }} === Season 3 (2006) === {{Episode table |background=#006600 |overall= |season= |title= |aux2= |aux2T=Song |aux3= |aux3T=Game used |airdate= |episodes= {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 57 | EpisodeNumber2 = 1 | Title = Caillou the Detective | Aux2 = I Am the Great Detective | Aux3 = Hide and Seek | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|01}} | ShortSummary = ''Where's Gilbert?'': ''Where I Saw It Last'': ''Lost in the Jungle'': | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 58 | EpisodeNumber2 = 2 | Title = Caillou the Brave | Aux2 = Sailing | Aux3 = The Remembering Game | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|02}} | ShortSummary = ''Caillou and the Big Slide'': ''Caillou the Sailor'': ''Caillou and the Creepy Crawlies'': | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 59 | EpisodeNumber2 = 3 | Title = Caillou the Explorer | Aux2 = Come Explore with Me | Aux3 = Match the Animals Home | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|03}} | ShortSummary = ''Caillou of the Antarctic'': ''Deep Sea Caillou'': ''Caillou in the Bayou'': | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 60 | EpisodeNumber2 = 4 | Title = Caillou the Sports Star | Aux2 = I Wanna Be Big Right Now | Aux3 = What is Missing for Anyone | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|04}} | ShortSummary = ''Everyone's Best'': ''Stronger Every Day'': ''No More Training Wheels'': | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 61 | EpisodeNumber2 = 5 | Title = Caillou the Musician | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|05}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 62 | EpisodeNumber2 = 6 | Title = Caillou to the Rescue | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|06}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 63 | EpisodeNumber2 = 7 | Title = Caillou the Builder | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|07}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 64 | EpisodeNumber2 = 8 | Title = Caillou the Snowman | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|08}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 65 | EpisodeNumber2 = 9 | Title = Caillou the Magnificent | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|09}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 66 | EpisodeNumber2 = 10 | Title = Caillou the Scientist | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|10}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 67 | EpisodeNumber2 = 11 | Title = Caillou the Bookworm | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|11}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 68 | EpisodeNumber2 = 12 | Title = Caillou the Artist | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|12}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 69 | EpisodeNumber2 = 13 | Title = Captain Caillou | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|13}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 70 | EpisodeNumber2 = 14 | Title = Caillou Loves the Fall | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|14}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 71 | EpisodeNumber2 = 15 | Title = Caillou Outdoors! | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|15}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 72 | EpisodeNumber2 = 16 | Title = Caillou's Surprise | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|16}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 73 | EpisodeNumber2 = 17 | Title = Caillou the Helper | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|17}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 74 | EpisodeNumber2 = 18 | Title = Caillou's Christmas | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|18}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 75 | EpisodeNumber2 = 19 | Title = Springtime for Caillou | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|19}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 76 | EpisodeNumber2 = 20 | Title = Caillou Can Do It! | Aux2 = | Aux3 = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|04|20}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} }} ===Season 4 (2006)=== {{Episode table |background=#006161 |overall= |season= |title= |aux2= |aux2T=Song |airdate= |episodes= {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 77 | EpisodeNumber2 = 1 | Title = Starry Night | Aux2 = All in a Day | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|18}} | ShortSummary = The episode repeats on season 1, episode 12. ''Star Light, Star Bright'': Caillou wants to see a shooting star, but he keeps missing it, which he imagines. ''Caillou in Space'': Leo drops off from Caillou's home, Caillou and Leo play spaceman outside of the room, Rosie feels left out. ''Caillou is Afraid of the Dark'': Caillou believes that bedtime monsters are real, and he is afraid to sleep. ''Caillou's Summer Goodnight'': Caillou has trouble sleeping as it's still light outside, but Grandma helps pass the time. | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 78 | EpisodeNumber2 = 2 | Title = Lost and Found | Aux2 = I'm Doing It | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|19}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 79 | EpisodeNumber2 = 3 | Title = Just for Laughs | Aux2 = Celebrate | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|20}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 80 | EpisodeNumber2 = 4 | Title = Caillou Helps Out | Aux2 = Helping | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|21}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 81 | EpisodeNumber2 = 5 | Title = Imagine! | Aux2 = Big Brothers, Big Sisters | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|22}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 82 | EpisodeNumber2 = 6 | Title = Words! | Aux2 = All in a Day | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|23}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 83 | EpisodeNumber2 = 7 | Title = I Can Do It! | Aux2 = I'm Doing It | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|24}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 84 | EpisodeNumber2 = 8 | Title = My Family | Aux2 = Big Brothers, Big Sisters | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|25}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 85 | EpisodeNumber2 = 9 | Title = Winter! | Aux2 = Celebrate | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|26}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 86 | EpisodeNumber2 = 10 | Title = After Dark | Aux2 = All in a Day | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|27}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 87 | EpisodeNumber2 = 11 | Title = Nature | Aux2 = Machines Save All the Fuss | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|28}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 88 | EpisodeNumber2 = 12 | Title = Knowing I'm Growing | Aux2 = Helping | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|29}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 89 | EpisodeNumber2 = 13 | Title = All Kinds of Weather | Aux2 = All in a Day | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2006|09|30}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 006600 }} }} ===Season 5 (2013)=== {{Episode table |background=#000080 |overall= |season= |title= |aux2= |aux2T=Interstital |airdate= |episodes= {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 119 | EpisodeNumber2 = 1 | Title = Caillou Cares | Aux2 = Creepy Crawlies | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2013|03|11}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 000080 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 120 | EpisodeNumber2 = 2 | Title = Can Do Caillou | Aux2 = Caillou Goes Apple Picking | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2013|03|12}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 000080 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 121 | EpisodeNumber2 = 3 | Title = Caillou Gets Active | Aux2 = Caillou's Road Trip | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2013|03|13}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 000080 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 122 | EpisodeNumber2 = 4 | Title = Cooking with Caillou | Aux2 = Caillou the Chef | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2013|03|14}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 000080 }} {{Episode list | EpisodeNumber = 123 | EpisodeNumber2 = 5 | Title = Big Time Caillou | Aux2 = Caillou's Marching Band | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2013|03|15}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = 000080 }} }} == See also == * [[List of Caillou episodes]] == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Caillou]] [[Category:Lists of animated television series episodes|Caillou]] nft7s8fbskulajzoyd5fb4fkukpi897 3 1161143 10368971 10362788 2025-07-03T05:01:26Z Bot873 764901 Bot: Archiving 2 threads from [[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe]] 10368971 wikitext text/x-wiki == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-02 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Internment of Japanese Canadians]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Japanese road camp.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> From 1942 to 1949, Canada forcibly relocated and incarcerated over 22,000 Japanese Canadians—comprising over 90% of the total Japanese Canadian population—from British Columbia in the name of "national security". The majority were Canadian citizens by birth and were targeted based on their ancestry. This decision followed the events of the Japanese Empire's war in the Pacific against the Western Allies, such as the invasion of Hong Kong, the attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, and the Fall of Singapore which led to the Canadian declaration of war on Japan during World War II. Similar to the actions taken against Japanese Americans in neighbouring United States, this forced relocation subjected many Japanese Canadians to government-enforced curfews and interrogations, job and property losses, and forced repatriation to Japan <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 03:56, 6 January 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28070038 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-03 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Christmas seals]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:no:Julemerke]])&#32;([[:ru:Рождественская виньетка]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:1915 US Christmas Seal.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Christmas seals''' are adhesive labels that are similar in appearance to postage stamps that are sold then affixed to mail during the Christmas season to raise funds and awareness for charitable programs. Christmas seals have become particularly associated with lung diseases such as tuberculosis, and with child welfare in general. They were first issued in Denmark beginning in 1904, with Sweden and Iceland following with issues that same year. Thereafter the use of Christmas seals proved to be popular and spread quickly around the world, with 130 countries producing their own issues. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:24, 13 January 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28086717 --> == Tech News: 2025-03 == <section begin="technews-2025-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Single User Login system is being updated over the next few months. This is the system which allows users to fill out the login form on one Wikimedia site and get logged in on all others at the same time. It needs to be updated because of the ways that browsers are increasingly restricting cross-domain cookies. To accommodate these restrictions, login and account creation pages will move to a central domain, but it will still appear to the user as if they are on the originating wiki. The updated code will be enabled this week for users on test wikis. This change is planned to roll out to all users during February and March. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and a timeline. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments|PageAssessments]] installed, you can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments#Search|filter search results]] to pages in a given WikiProject by using the <code dir=ltr>inproject:</code> keyword. (These wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-huwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378868] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34129|Tigre]] ([[w:tig:|<code>w:tig:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381377] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with updating a user's edit-count after making a rollback edit, which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382592] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia REST API users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. Starting the week of January 13, we will begin rerouting [[phab:T374683|some page content endpoints]] from RESTbase to the newer MediaWiki REST API endpoints for all wiki projects. This change was previously available on testwiki and should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints may raise issues directly to the [[phab:project/view/6931/|MediaWiki Interfaces Team]] in Phabricator if they arise. * Toolforge tool maintainers can now share their feedback on Toolforge UI, an initiative to provide a web platform that allows creating and managing Toolforge tools through a graphic interface, in addition to existing command-line workflows. This project aims to streamline active maintainers’ tasks, as well as make registration and deployment processes more accessible for new tool creators. The initiative is still at a very early stage, and the Cloud Services team is in the process of collecting feedback from the Toolforge community to help shape the solution to their needs. [[wikitech:Wikimedia Cloud Services team/EnhancementProposals/Toolforge UI|Read more and share your thoughts about Toolforge UI]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] For tool and library developers who use the OAuth system: The identity endpoint used for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user|OAuth 1]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user 2|OAuth 2]] returned a JSON object with an integer in its <code>sub</code> field, which was incorrect (the field must always be a string). This has been fixed; the fix will be deployed to Wikimedia wikis on the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382139] * Many wikis currently use [[:mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|Cite CSS]] to render custom footnote markers in Parsoid output. Starting January 20 these rules will be disabled, but the developers ask you to ''not'' clean up your <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi> until February 20 to avoid issues during the migration. Your wikis might experience some small changes to footnote markers in Visual Editor and when using experimental Parsoid read mode, but if there are changes these are expected to bring the rendering in line with the legacy parser output. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370027] '''Meetings and events''' * The next meeting in the series of [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation Community Conversations with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 08:00 UTC|January 15 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is defining the priorities in tool investment for Commons. Contributors from all wikis, especially users who are maintaining tools for Commons, are welcome to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W03"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:42, 14 January 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28048614 --> == Quick deletion of Category:1887 paintings == [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Category:1887 paintings]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Category:1887 paintings}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#c1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 21:04, 19 January 2025 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-04 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:it:Scontri del Nagorno Karabakh del 2010]])&#32;([[:tr:2010 Dağlık Karabağ çatışmaları]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''2010 Nahorno karabakh war''' were a series of exchanges of gunfire that took place on February 18 on the line of contact dividing Azerbaijani and the Karabakh Armenian military forces. Azerbaijan accused the Armenian forces of firing on the Azerbaijani positions near Tap Qaraqoyunlu, Qızıloba, Qapanlı, Yusifcanlı and Cavahirli villages, as well as in uplands of Agdam Rayon with small arms fire including snipers. As a result, three Azerbaijani soldiers were killed and one wounded. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:20, 20 January 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28099770 --> == Tech News: 2025-04 == <section begin="technews-2025-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can mass-delete multiple pages created by a user or IP address using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Extension:Nuke]]. It previously only allowed deletion of pages created in the last 30 days. It can now delete pages from the last 90 days, provided it is targeting a specific user or IP address. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380846] * On [[phab:P72148|wikis that use]] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Patrolled edits|Patrolled edits]] feature, when the rollback feature is used to revert an unpatrolled page revision, that revision will now be marked as "manually patrolled" instead of "autopatrolled", which is more accurate. Some editors that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|filters]] on Recent Changes may need to update their filter settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302140] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Visual Editor's "Insert link" feature did not always suggest existing pages properly when an editor started typing, which has now been [[phab:T383497|fixed]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is being progressively removed from the wikis. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|The last group of wikis]] ({{int:project-localized-name-cawikiquote/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwikimedia/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwikibooks/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewikimedia/en}}) will soon be contacted. If you have questions about this process, please ping [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] at your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380912] * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical_Community_Newsletter/2025/January|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: updates about services from the Data Platform Engineering teams, information about Codex from the Design System team, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W04"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:37, 21 January 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28129769 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-05 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jinnah's birthday]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Yorkstatue.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Jinnah's Birthday''', officially Quaid-e-Azam Day and sometimes known as Quaid Day, is a public holiday in Pakistan observed annually on 25 December to celebrate the birthday of the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, known as Quaid-i-Azam ("Great Leader"). A major holiday, commemorations for Jinnah began during his lifetime in 1942, and have continued ever since. The event is primarily observed by the government and the citizens of the country where the national flag is hoisted at major architectural structures such as private and public buildings, particularly at the top of Quaid-e-Azam House in Karachi. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:30, 27 January 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28156501 --> == Tech News: 2025-05 == <section begin="technews-2025-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Patrollers and admins - what information or context about edits or users could help you to make patroller or admin decisions more quickly or easily? The Wikimedia Foundation wants to hear from you to help guide its upcoming annual plan. Please consider sharing your thoughts on this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|13 other questions]] to shape the technical direction for next year. '''Updates for editors''' * iOS Wikipedia App users worldwide can now access a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review/How your data is used|personalized Year in Review]] feature, which provides insights based on their reading and editing history on Wikipedia. This project is part of a broader effort to help welcome new readers as they discover and interact with encyclopedic content. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Edit patrollers now have a new feature available that can highlight potentially problematic new pages. When a page is created with the same title as a page which was previously deleted, a tag ('Recreated') will now be added, which users can filter for in [[{{#special:RecentChanges}}]] and [[{{#special:NewPages}}]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56145] * Later this week, there will be a new warning for editors if they attempt to create a redirect that links to another redirect (a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects#Double redirects|double redirect]]). The feature will recommend that they link directly to the second redirect's target page. Thanks to the user SomeRandomDeveloper for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326056] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia wikis allow [[w:en:WebAuthn|WebAuthn]]-based second factor checks (such as hardware tokens) during login, but the feature is [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Fix security key (WebAuthn) support|fragile]] and has very few users. The MediaWiki Platform team is temporarily disabling adding new WebAuthn keys, to avoid interfering with the rollout of [[mw:MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3]] (single user login version 3). Existing keys are unaffected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378402] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For developers that use the [[wikitech:Data Platform/Data Lake/Edits/MediaWiki history dumps|MediaWiki History dumps]]: The Data Platform Engineering team has added a couple of new fields to these dumps, to support the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] initiative. If you maintain software that reads those dumps, please review your code and the updated documentation, since the order of the fields in the row will change. There will also be one field rename: in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki_user_history</code></bdi> dump, the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>anonymous</code></bdi> field will be renamed to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>is_anonymous</code></bdi>. The changes will take effect with the next release of the dumps in February. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LKMFDS62TXGDN6L56F4ABXYLN7CSCQDI/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W05"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:15, 27 January 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28149374 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-06 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:French conquest of Corsica]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bataille de Ponte Novu.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''French conquest of Corsica''' was a successful expedition by French forces of the Kingdom of France under Comte de Vaux, against Corsican forces under Pasquale Paoli of the Corsican Republic. The expedition was launched in May 1768, in the aftermath of the Seven Years' War. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 12:21, 3 February 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28200320 --> == Tech News: 2025-06 == <section begin="technews-2025-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use the "Special characters" editing-toolbar menu can now see the 32 special characters you have used most recently, across editing sessions on that wiki. This change should help make it easier to find the characters you use most often. The feature is in both the 2010 wikitext editor and VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110722] * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor can now create sublists with correct indentation by selecting the line(s) you want to indent and then clicking the toolbar buttons.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380438] You can now also insert <code><nowiki><code></nowiki></code> tags using a new toolbar button.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383010] Thanks to user stjn for these improvements. * Help is needed to ensure the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]] works properly on each wiki. ** (1) Administrators should update the local versions of the page <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json</code> to include entries for <code dir=ltr>preprint</code>, <code dir=ltr>standard</code>, and <code dir=ltr>dataset</code>; Here are example diffs to replicate [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1189164774&oldid=1165783565 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1270832208&oldid=1270828390 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. ** (2.1) If the citoid map in the citation template used for these types of references is missing, [[mediawikiwiki:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki#Step 2.a: Create a 'citoid' maps value for each citation template|one will need to be added]]. (2.2) If the citoid map does exist, the TemplateData will need to be updated to include new field names. Here are example updates [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270829051&oldid=1262470053 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270831369&oldid=1270829480 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. The new fields that may need to be supported are <code dir=ltr>archiveID</code>, <code dir=ltr>identifier</code>, <code dir=ltr>repository</code>, <code dir=ltr>organization</code>, <code dir=ltr>repositoryLocation</code>, <code dir=ltr>committee</code>, and <code dir=ltr>versionNumber</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383666] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q15637215|Central Kanuri]] ([[w:knc:|<code>w:knc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385181] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Wikisource/Wikimedia OCR|OCR (optical character recognition) tool]] used for Wikisource now supports a new language, Church Slavonic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384782] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W06"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:09, 4 February 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28203495 --> == This Month in Education: January 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 1 • January 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Advancing Education Pillar in Kosovo: 2024 Journey|Advancing Education Pillar in Kosovo: 2024 Journey]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Auckland Museum Wikipedia Students Making Progress|Auckland Museum Wikipedia Students Making Progress]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Celebrating 10 Years of Wiki Education|Celebrating 10 Years of Wiki Education]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Empowering Multilingual Students: Expanding Wikipedia Through Collaboration of foreign languages faculty's students of the University of Tehran|Empowering Multilingual Students: Expanding Wikipedia Through Collaboration of foreign languages faculty's students of the University of Tehran]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Ensuring accurate and authentic information with 1Lib1Ref Campaign in Anambra|Ensuring accurate and authentic information with 1Lib1Ref Campaign in Anambra]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Experiences of Wikipedia in the classroom with a gender perspective in Monterrey |Experiences of Wikipedia in the classroom with a gender perspective in Monterrey]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Fine Arts University Students exploring Wikipedia in Tirana, Albania|Fine Arts University Students exploring Wikipedia in Tirana, Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Lviv hosted Ukraine’s first student photo walk for Wikipedia|Lviv hosted Ukraine’s first student photo walk for Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Many new trained volunteers and new articles at the end of the year in Macedonia|Many new trained volunteers and new articles at the end of the year in Macedonia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Wikimedia and Scientific Events in Brazil|Wikimedia and Scientific Events in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Wiki Workshop- Call for Contributions|Wiki Workshop- Call for Contributions]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 15:56, 5 February 2025 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=28111205 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-07 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Assassination of Spencer Perceval]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:PercevalShooting.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> On 11 May 1812, at about 5:15 pm, Spencer Perceval, the prime minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, was shot dead in the lobby of the House of Commons by John Bellingham, a Liverpool merchant with a grievance against the government. Bellingham was detained; four days after the murder, he was tried, convicted and sentenced to death. He was hanged at Newgate Prison on 18 May, one week after the assassination and one month before the start of the War of 1812. Perceval remains the sole British prime minister to have been assassinated. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:18, 10 February 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28200320 --> == Tech News: 2025-07 == <section begin="technews-2025-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Product and Technology Advisory Council (PTAC) has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|a draft of their recommendations]] for the Wikimedia Foundation's Product and Technology department. They have recommended focusing on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback/Mobile experiences|mobile experiences]], particularly contributions. They request community [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|feedback at the talk page]] by 21 February. '''Updates for editors''' * The "Special pages" portlet link will be moved from the "Toolbox" into the "Navigation" section of the main menu's sidebar by default. This change is because the Toolbox is intended for tools relating to the current page, not tools relating to the site, so the link will be more logically and consistently located. To modify this behavior and update CSS styling, administrators can follow the instructions at [[phab:T385346|T385346]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333211] * As part of this year's work around improving the ways readers discover content on the wikis, the Web team will be running an experiment with a small number of readers that displays some suggestions for related or interesting articles within the search bar. Please check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments#Experiment 1: Display article recommendations in more prominent locations, search|the project page]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template editors who use TemplateStyles can now customize output for users with specific accessibility needs by using accessibility related media queries (<code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-motion prefers-reduced-motion]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-transparency prefers-reduced-transparency]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-contrast prefers-contrast]</code>, and <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/forced-colors forced-colors]</code>). Thanks to user Bawolff for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384175] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the global blocks log will now be shown directly on the {{#special:CentralAuth}} page, similarly to global locks, to simplify the workflows for stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377024] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikidata [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Default values for labels and aliases|now supports a special language as a "default for all languages"]] for labels and aliases. This is to avoid excessive duplication of the same information across many languages. If your Wikidata queries use labels, you may need to update them as some existing labels are getting removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312511] * The function <code dir="ltr">getDescription</code> was invoked on every Wiki page read and accounts for ~2.5% of a page's total load time. The calculated value will now be cached, reducing load on Wikimedia servers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383660] * As part of the RESTBase deprecation [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|effort]], the <code dir="ltr">/page/related</code> endpoint has been blocked as of February 6, 2025, and will be removed soon. This timeline was chosen to align with the deprecation schedules for older Android and iOS versions. The stable alternative is the "<code dir="ltr">morelike</code>" action API in MediaWiki, and [[gerrit:c/mediawiki/services/mobileapps/+/982154/13/pagelib/src/transform/FooterReadMore.js|a migration example]] is available. The MediaWiki Interfaces team [[phab:T376297|can be contacted]] for any questions. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/GFC2IJO7L4BWO3YTM7C5HF4MCCBE2RJ2/] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: Updates about the "Contribute" menu; details on some of the newest language editions of Wikipedia; details on new languages supported by the MediaWiki interface; updates on the Community-defined lists feature; and more. * The latest [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#January 2025: Better visibility into charts and tabular data usage|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on the progress towards bringing better visibility into global charts usage and support for categorizing pages in the Data namespace on Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W07"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:12, 11 February 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28231022 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-08 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2010 Malagasy constitutional referendum]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A constitutional referendum was held in Madagascar on 17 November 2010, in which voters approved a proposal for the state's fourth Constitution. The Malagasy people were asked to answer "Yes" or "No" to the proposed new constitution, which was considered to help consolidate Andry Rajoelina's grip on power. At the time of the referendum, Rajoelina headed the governing Highest Transitional Authority (HAT), an interim junta established following the military-backed coup d'état against then President Marc Ravalomanana in March 2009. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:21, 17 February 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28245290 --> == Tech News: 2025-08 == <section begin="technews-2025-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities using growth tools can now showcase one event on the <code>{{#special:Homepage}}</code> for newcomers. This feature will help newcomers to be informed about editing activities they can participate in. Administrators can create a new event to showcase at <code>{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}</code>. To learn more about this feature, please read [[diffblog:2025/02/12/community-updates-module-connecting-newcomers-to-your-initiatives/|the Diff post]], have a look [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Community updates module|at the documentation]], or contact [[mw:Talk:Growth|the Growth team]]. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|thumb|Highlighted talk pages improvements]] * Starting next week, talk pages at these wikis – {{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}} – will get [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|a new design]]. This change was extensively tested as a Beta feature and is the last step of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|talk pages improvements]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379102] * You can now navigate to view a redirect page directly from its action pages, such as the history page. Previously, you were forced to first go to the redirect target. This change should help editors who work with redirects a lot. Thanks to user stjn for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T5324] * When a Cite reference is reused many times, wikis currently show either numbers like "1.23" or localized alphabetic markers like "a b c" in the reference list. Previously, if there were so many reuses that the alphabetic markers were all used, [[MediaWiki:Cite error references no backlink label|an error message]] was displayed. As part of the work to [[phab:T383036|modernize Cite customization]], these errors will no longer be shown and instead the backlinks will fall back to showing numeric markers like "1.23" once the alphabetic markers are all used. * The log entries for each change to an editor's user-groups are now clearer by specifying exactly what has changed, instead of the plain before and after listings. Translators can [[phab:T369466|help to update the localized versions]]. Thanks to user Msz2001 for these improvements. * A new filter has been added to the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool, which allows administrators to mass delete pages, to enable users to filter for pages in a range of page sizes (in bytes). This allows, for example, deleting pages only of a certain size or below. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378488] * Non-administrators can now check which pages are able to be deleted using the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool. Thanks to user MolecularPilot for this and the previous improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376378] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed in the configuration for the AV1 video file format, which enables these files to play again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382193] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to most Wiktionaries over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyage to Parsoid Read Views last year. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385923][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371640] * Developers of tools that run on-wiki should note that <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> is deprecated. Tools requiring <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> must explicitly declare <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.Uri</code> as a ResourceLoader dependency, and should migrate to the browser native <code dir=ltr>URL</code> API soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384515] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W08"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:17, 17 February 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28275610 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-09 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cooler Heads Coalition]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Cooler Heads Coalition]])&#32;([[:fr:Cooler Heads Coalition]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Cooler Heads Coalition''' is a politically conservative "informal and ad-hoc group" in the United States, financed and operated by the Competitive Enterprise Institute. The group, which rejects the scientific consensus on climate change, made efforts to stop the government from addressing climate change. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:23, 24 February 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28300238 --> == Tech News: 2025-09 == <section begin="technews-2025-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can now customize how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User language|Babel feature]] creates categories using [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Babel}}]]. They can rename language categories, choose whether they should be auto-created, and adjust other settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374348] * The <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikimedia.org/ wikimedia.org]</bdi> portal has been updated – and is receiving some ongoing improvements – to modernize and improve the accessibility of our portal pages. It now has better support for mobile layouts, updated wording and links, and better language support. Additionally, all of the Wikimedia project portals, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://wikibooks.org wikibooks.org]</bdi>, now support dark mode when a reader is using that system setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373204][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368221][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Project_portals] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33965|Santali]] ([[wikt:sat:|<code>wikt:sat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386619] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that prevented clicking on search results in the web-interface for some Firefox for Android phone configurations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381289] '''Meetings and events''' * The next Language Community Meeting is happening soon, February 28th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1740751200 14:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: highlights and technical updates on keyboard and tools for the Sámi languages, Translatewiki.net contributions from the Bahasa Lampung community in Indonesia, and technical Q&A. If you'd like to join, simply [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#28 February 2025|sign up on the wiki page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W09"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:41, 25 February 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28296129 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-10 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:pt:Transmissor de Ondas]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Wave Transmitter]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Esq eletr transm ondas color.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Transmissor de Ondas''' é um equipamento precursor do rádio, desenvolvido por Roberto Landell de Moura na década de 1890, capaz de transmitir áudio via ondas eletromagnéticas, com sua primeira demonstração pública documentada tendo ocorrido no dia 16 de julho de 1899. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:50, 3 March 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28317097 --> == Tech News: 2025-10 == <section begin="technews-2025-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * All logged-in editors using the mobile view can now edit a full page. The "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" link is accessible from the "{{int:minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu in the toolbar. This was previously only available to editors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|Advanced mobile contributions]] setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387180] * Interface administrators can now help to remove the deprecated Cite CSS code matching "<code dir="ltr">mw-ref</code>" from their local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi>. The list of wikis in need of cleanup, and the code to remove, [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-ref%5B%5E-a-z%5D&regex=1&namespaces=8&title=.*css can be found with this global search] and in [https://ace.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&oldid=145662#L-139--L-144 this example], and you can learn more about how to help on the [[mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|CSS migration project page]]. The Cite footnote markers ("<code dir="ltr">[1]</code>") are now rendered by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]], and the deprecated CSS is no longer needed. The CSS for backlinks ("<code dir="ltr">mw:referencedBy</code>") should remain in place for now. This cleanup is expected to cause no visible changes for readers. Please help to remove this code before March 20, after which the development team will do it for you. * When editors embed a file (e.g. <code><nowiki>[[File:MediaWiki.png]]</nowiki></code>) on a page that is protected with cascading protection, the software will no longer restrict edits to the file description page, only to new file uploads.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24521] In contrast, transcluding a file description page (e.g. <code><nowiki>{{:File:MediaWiki.png}}</nowiki></code>) will now restrict edits to the page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62109] * When editors revert a file to an earlier version it will now require the same permissions as ordinarily uploading a new version of the file. The software now checks for 'reupload' or 'reupload-own' rights,[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304474] and respects cascading protection.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140010] * When administrators are listing pages for deletion with the Nuke tool, they can now also list associated talk pages and redirects for deletion, alongside pages created by the target, rather than needing to manually delete these pages afterwards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T95797] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|previously noted]] update to Single User Login, which will accommodate browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies by moving login and account creation to a central domain, will now roll out to all users during March and April. The team plans to enable it for all new account creation on [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Tuesday|Group0]] wikis this week. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and an updated timeline. * Since last week there has been a bug that shows some interface icons as black squares until the page has fully loaded. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387351] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q2044560|Sylheti]] ([[w:syl:|<code>w:syl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386441] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed with loading images in very old versions of the Firefox browser on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386400] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W10"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:31, 4 March 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28334563 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-11 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Smoky (mascotte olimpica)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Smoky (Olympic mascot)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Smoky 1932 Olympic Village Mascot.webp|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Smoky''' (Los Angeles, 1931 o 1932 - Los Angeles, aprile 1934), occasionalmente scritto Smokey, è stato un cane che divenne la mascotte del villaggio olimpico estivo del 1932 e, successivamente, dell'evento generale. Pur non essendo oggi riconosciuto dal CIO, è stato, seppur non in modo ufficiale, la prima mascotte olimpica dei Giochi, oltre che a essere attualmente l'unica a essere stata un animale vero. Le successive edizioni non ebbero mascotte, dovendo aspettare i X Giochi olimpici invernali di Grenoble nel 1968 per ritrovarne una ufficialmente riconosciuta, lo sciatore stilizzato Schuss, allora non considerato ufficiale ma successivamente riconosciuto come tale. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:51, 10 March 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28317097 --> == Tech News: 2025-11 == <section begin="technews-2025-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use password managers at multiple wikis may notice changes in the future. The way that our wikis provide information to password managers about reusing passwords across domains has recently been updated, so some password managers might now offer you login credentials that you saved for a different Wikimedia site. Some password managers already did this, and are now doing it for more Wikimedia domains. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3 project]] which aims to improve how our unified login works, and to keep it compatible with ongoing changes to the web-browsers we use. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385520][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384844] * The Wikipedia Apps Team is inviting interested users to help improve Wikipedia’s offline and limited internet use. After discussions in [[m:Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] and the last [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Hub/Meetings|ESEAP call]], key challenges like search, editing, and offline access are being explored, with upcoming focus groups to dive deeper into these topics. All languages are welcome, and interpretation will be available. Want to share your thoughts? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Improving Wikipedia Mobile Apps for Offline & Limited Internet Use|Join the discussion]] or email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">aramadan@wikimedia.org</bdi>! * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 19. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/33|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the launch of the Community Updates module, the most recent changes in Community Configuration, and the upcoming test of in-article suggestions for first-time editors. * An old API that was previously used in the Android Wikipedia app is being removed at the end of March. There are no current software uses, but users of the app with a version that is older than 6 months by the time of removal (2025-03-31), will no longer have access to the Suggested Edits feature, until they update their app. You can [[diffblog:2025/02/24/sunset-of-wikimedia-recommendation-api/|read more details about this change]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W11"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:09, 10 March 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28372257 --> == This Month in Education: February 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 2 • February 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Activities series at the Shefit Hekali school in Peqin, Albania|Activities series at the Shefit Hekali school in Peqin, Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Wikimedia Brazil has formed a partnership with a public policy research institute|Wikimedia Brazil has formed a partnership with a public policy research institute]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Preserving Heritage: Tuluvas Aati Month Educational Wikimedia Programs|Preserving Heritage: Tuluvas Aati Month Educational Wikimedia Programs]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Reflecting on our Past: Farewell to the Auckland Museum Summer Students|Reflecting on our Past: Farewell to the Auckland Museum Summer Students]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Successful Conclusion of the Second Phase of "Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom" in Yemen|Successful Conclusion of the Second Phase of "Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom" in Yemen]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Wiki Workshop in Mitrovica |Wiki Workshop in Mitrovica]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Wikimedia MKD' Education: Lots of new trained users, lots of new articles|Wikimedia MKD' Education: Lots of new trained users, lots of new articles]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Wikimedia Serbia receives accreditation from the National Library of Serbia for the Wiki Senior seminar|Wikimedia Serbia receives accreditation from the National Library of Serbia for the Wiki Senior seminar]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 09:04, 12 March 2025 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=28314249 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-12 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]])&#32;([[:es:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Frame A from Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo''''' (lit. 'Amazon: The Greatest River in the World') is a 1922 Brazilian silent documentary film produced in 1918 by Silvino Santos. It is a black-and-white film that portrays life in the Amazon rainforest. Completed in 1920, it is considered one of the oldest cinematic records of the Amazon. It was presumed lost in 1931 and only rediscovered in 2023 at the Czech Film Archive. Silvino Santos produced the work over three years using sophisticated cinematic techniques, which led it to be deemed of "immense artistic value" by Le Monde. It has also been described as the "Holy Grail of Brazilian silent cinema" by The Guardian. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:57, 17 March 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28392163 --> == Tech News: 2025-12 == <section begin="technews-2025-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Twice a year, around the equinoxes, the Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team performs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|a datacenter server switchover]], redirecting all traffic from one primary server to its backup. This provides reliability in case of a crisis, as we can always fall back on the other datacenter. [http://listen.hatnote.com/ Thanks to the Listen to Wikipedia] tool, you can hear the switchover take place: Before it begins, you'll hear the steady stream of edits; Then, as the system enters a brief read-only phase, the sound stops for a couple of minutes, before resuming after the switchover. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. If you want to keep an ear out for the next server switchover, listen to the wikis on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 March 19 at 14:00 UTC]. '''Updates for editors''' * The [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es improved Content Translation tool dashboard] is now available in [[phab:T387820|10 Wikipedias]] and will be available for all Wikipedias [[phab:T387821|soon]]. With [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|the unified dashboard]], desktop users can now: Translate new sections of an article; Discover and access topic-based [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=ig&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits article suggestion filters] (initially available only for mobile device users); Discover and access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists|Community-defined lists]] filter, also known as "Collections", from wiki-projects and campaigns. * On Wikimedia Commons, a [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements#Improve category selection|new system to select the appropriate file categories]] has been introduced: if a category has one or more subcategories, users will be able to click on an arrow that will open the subcategories directly within the form, and choose the correct one. The parent category name will always be shown on top, and it will always be possible to come back to it. This should decrease the amount of work for volunteers in fixing/creating new categories. The change is also available on mobile. These changes are part of planned improvements to the UploadWizard. * The Community Tech team is seeking wikis to join a pilot for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] feature and a refreshed Special:Block page in late March. Multiblocks enables administrators to impose multiple different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. If you are an admin or steward and would like us to discuss joining the pilot with your community, please leave a message on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|project talk page]]. * Starting March 25, the Editing team will test a new feature for Edit Check at [[phab:T384372|12 Wikipedias]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi-check|Multi-Check]]. Half of the newcomers on these wikis will see all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Checks]] during their edit session, while the other half will continue seeing only one. The goal of this test is to see if users are confused or discouraged when shown multiple Reference Checks (when relevant) within a single editing session. At these wikis, the tags used on edits that show References Check will be simplified, as multiple tags could be shown within a single edit. Changes to the tags are documented [[phab:T373949|on Phabricator]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379131] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], which is a service for notifying users that their temporary user-rights are about to expire, now supports using the localized name of the user-rights group in the message heading. Translators can see the [[m:Global reminder bot/Translation|listing of existing translations and documentation]] to check if their language needs updating or creation. * The [[Special:GlobalPreferences|GlobalPreferences]] gender setting, which is used for how the software should refer to you in interface messages, now works as expected by overriding the local defaults. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386584] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:26}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:26|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Wikipedia App for Android had a bug fixed for when a user is browsing and searching in multiple languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379777] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, the way that Codex styles are loaded will be changing. There is a small risk that this may result in unstyled interface message boxes on certain pages. User generated content (e.g. templates) is not impacted. Gadgets may be impacted. If you see any issues [[phab:T388847|please report them]]. See the linked task for details, screenshots, and documentation on how to fix any affected gadgets. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W12"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:48, 17 March 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28412594 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-13 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ali of the Eretnids]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:tr:Alaaddin Ali Bey]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Ala al-Din Ali''' (January 1353 – August 1380) was the third Sultan of the Eretnids ruling from 1366 until his death. He inherited the throne at a very early age and was removed from administrative matters. He was characterized as particularly keen on personal pleasures, which later discredited his authority. During his rule, emirs under the Eretnids enjoyed considerable autonomy, and the state continued to shrink as neighboring powers captured several towns. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:59, 24 March 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28433698 --> == Tech News: 2025-13 == <section begin="technews-2025-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking your feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|drafts of the objectives and key results that will shape the Foundation's Product and Technology priorities]] for the next fiscal year (starting in July). The objectives are broad high-level areas, and the key-results are measurable ways to track the success of their objectives. Please share your feedback on the talkpage, in any language, ideally before the end of April. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] will be released to multiple wikis (see [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|deployment plan]] for details) in April 2025, and the team has begun the process of engaging communities on the identified wikis. The extension provides tools to organize, manage, and promote collaborative activities (like events, edit-a-thons, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. The extension has three tools: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation Lists]]. It is currently on 13 Wikipedias, including English Wikipedia, French Wikipedia, and Spanish Wikipedia, as well as Wikidata. Questions or requests can be directed to the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:CampaignEvents|extension talk page]] or in Phabricator (with <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). * Starting the week of March 31st, wikis will be able to set which user groups can view private registrants in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], as part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension. By default, event organizers and the local wiki admins will be able to see private registrants. This is a change from the current behavior, in which only event organizers can see private registrants. Wikis can change the default setup by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requesting a configuration change]] in Phabricator (and adding the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). Participants of past events can cancel their registration at any time. * Administrators at wikis that have a customized <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Sidebar]]</bdi> should check that it contains an entry for the {{int:specialpages}} listing. If it does not, they should add it using <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">* specialpages-url|specialpages</code>. Wikis with a default sidebar will see the link moved from the page toolbox into the sidebar menu in April. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388927] * The Minerva skin (mobile web) combines both Notice and Alert notifications within the bell icon ([[File:OOjs UI icon bell.svg|16px|link=|class=skin-invert]]). There was a long-standing bug where an indication for new notifications was only shown if you had unseen Alerts. This bug is now fixed. In the future, Minerva users will notice a counter atop the bell icon when you have 1 or more unseen Notices and/or Alerts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344029] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * VisualEditor has introduced a [[mw:VisualEditor/Hooks|new client-side hook]] for developers to use when integrating with the VisualEditor target lifecycle. This hook should replace the existing lifecycle-related hooks, and be more consistent between different platforms. In addition, the new hook will apply to uses of VisualEditor outside of just full article editing, allowing gadgets to interact with the editor in DiscussionTools as well. The Editing Team intends to deprecate and eventually remove the old lifecycle hooks, so any use cases that this new hook does not cover would be of interest to them and can be [[phab:T355555|shared in the task]]. * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>mw.Api</code> JavaScript library, can now identify the tool using it with the <code dir=ltr>userAgent</code> parameter: <code dir=ltr>var api = new mw.Api( { userAgent: 'GadgetNameHere/1.0.1' } );</code>. If you maintain a gadget or user script, please set a user agent, because it helps with library and server maintenance and with differentiating between legitimate and illegitimate traffic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373874][https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Foundation_User-Agent_Policy] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W13"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:43, 24 March 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28443127 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-14 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Chilembwe uprising]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Chilembwe supporters being led to be executed (cropped).jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Chilembwe uprising''' was a rebellion against British colonial rule in Nyasaland (modern-day Malawi) which took place in January 1915. It was led by John Chilembwe, an American-educated Baptist minister. Based around his church in the village of Mbombwe in the south-east of the colony, the leaders of the revolt were mainly from an emerging black middle class. They were motivated by grievances against the British colonial system, which included forced labour, racial discrimination and new demands imposed on the African population following the outbreak of World War I. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 03:52, 31 March 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Tech News: 2025-14 == <section begin="technews-2025-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Editing team is working on a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Check|Edit check]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#26 March 2025|Peacock check]]. This check's goal is to identify non-neutral terms while a user is editing a wikipage, so that they can be informed that their edit should perhaps be changed before they publish it. This project is at the early stages, and the team is looking for communities' input: [[phab:T389445|in this Phabricator task]], they are gathering on-wiki policies, templates used to tag non-neutral articles, and the terms (jargon and keywords) used in edit summaries for the languages they are currently researching. You can participate by editing the table on Phabricator, commenting on the task, or directly messaging [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|Single User Login]] has now been updated on all wikis to move login and account creation to a central domain. This makes user login compatible with browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies, which have prevented users of some browsers from staying logged in. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting on March 31st, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin a limited release of generated OpenAPI specs and a SwaggerUI-based sandbox experience for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST APIs]]. They invite developers from a limited group of non-English Wikipedia communities (Arabic, German, French, Hebrew, Interlingua, Dutch, Chinese) to review the documentation and experiment with the sandbox in their preferred language. In addition to these specific Wikipedia projects, the sandbox and OpenAPI spec will be available on the [[testwiki:Special:RestSandbox|on the test wiki REST Sandbox special page]] for developers with English as their preferred language. During the preview period, the MediaWiki Interfaces Team also invites developers to [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|share feedback about your experience]]. The preview will last for approximately 2 weeks, after which the sandbox and OpenAPI specs will be made available across all wiki projects. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Sometimes a small, [[gerrit:c/operations/cookbooks/+/1129184|one line code change]] can have great significance: in this case, it means that for the first time in years we're able to run all of the stack serving <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[http://maps.wikimedia.org/ maps.wikimedia.org]</bdi> - a host dedicated to serving our wikis and their multi-lingual maps needs - from a single core datacenter, something we test every time we perform a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter switchover]]. This is important because it means that in case one of our datacenters is affected by a catastrophe, we'll still be able to serve the site. This change is the result of [[phab:T216826|extensive work]] by two developers on porting the last component of the maps stack over to [[w:en:Kubernetes|kubernetes]], where we can allocate resources more efficiently than before, thus we're able to withstand more traffic in a single datacenter. This work involved a lot of complicated steps because this software, and the software libraries it uses, required many long overdue upgrades. This type of work makes the Wikimedia infrastructure more sustainable. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025]] is happening in Sandusky, USA, and online, from 14–16 May 2025. The workshop will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. Registration and presentation signup is now available at the workshop's website. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W14"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:05, 1 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28473566 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-15 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:1930 Bago earthquake]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:my:၁၉၃၀ ပဲခူးငလျင်]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Thiao Mueang Phama (1955, p. 165).jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> An earthquake affected Myanmar on 5 May 1930 with a moment magnitude (Mw ) 7.4. The shock occurred 35 km (22 mi) beneath the surface with a maximum Rossi–Forel intensity of IX (Devastating tremor). The earthquake was the result of rupture along a 131 km (81 mi) segment of the Sagaing Fault—a major strike-slip fault that runs through the country. Extensive damage was reported in the southern part of the country, particularly in Bago and Yangon, where buildings collapsed and fires erupted. At least 550, and possibly up to 7,000 people were killed. A moderate tsunami struck the Burmese coast which caused minor damage to ships and a port. It was felt for over 570,000 km2 (220,000 sq mi) and as far as Shan State and Thailand. The mainshock was followed by many aftershocks; several were damaging. The December earthquake was similarly sized which also occurred along the Sagaing Fault. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:54, 7 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Tech News: 2025-15 == <section begin="technews-2025-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From now on, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface admins]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Central notice administrators|centralnotice admins]] are technically required to enable [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] before they can use their privileges. In the future this might be expanded to more groups with advanced user-rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150898] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Design System Team is preparing to release the next major version of Codex (v2.0.0) on April 29. Editors and developers who use CSS from Codex should see the [[mw:Codex/Release Timeline/2.0|2.0 overview documentation]], which includes guidance related to a few of the breaking changes such as <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">font-size</code>, <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">line-height</code>, and <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">size-icon</code>. * The results of the [[mw:Developer Satisfaction Survey/2025|Developer Satisfaction Survey (2025)]]  are now available. Thank you to all participants. These results help the Foundation decide what to work on next and to review what they recently worked on. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]] will take place in Istanbul, Turkey, between 2–4 May. Registration for attending the in-person event will close on 13 April. Before registering, please note the potential need for a [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkish-representations.en.mfa visa] or [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/visa-information-for-foreigners.en.mfa e-visa] to enter the country. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W15"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 7 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28507470 --> == This Month in Education: March 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 3 • March 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2025/A Whole New World: Research Findings on New Editor Integration in Serbian Wikipedia|A Whole New World: Research Findings on New Editor Integration in Serbian Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2025/Bolivia: a new round of Leamos Wikipedia begins in Bolivia|Bolivia: a new round of Leamos Wikipedia begins in Bolivia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2025/Faculty of Social Sciences Workshop in Albania|Faculty of Social Sciences Workshop in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2025/Lots of contributions and trainings as part of Wikimedia MKD's Education Programme|Lots of contributions and trainings as part of Wikimedia MKD's Education Programme]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2025/Wikimedia organized multiple events of science and education in Brazil during the month of March|Wikimedia organized multiple events of science and education in Brazil during the month of March]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 15:04, 10 April 2025 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=28458563 --> == Category QD requests == Hello, MrMeAndMrMe. I saw the category QD requests you made for chronology-related categories (for example, birth years). I have declined them for now because I need to verify something. In the past we've had people clean out such categories due to the 3-entry-minimum rule for categories, and then request deletion on the categories. However, this type of category is an exception to that rule. Before I delete them, would you please confirm that entries were not removed to empty the category like that? Once confirmed, I will delete the categories (no need to re-do the QD requests, I'll find them from my changes). Thanks. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 23:41, 13 April 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] I did not clean out the birth and death year categories. These were all made about five days ago last time I checked (with the exception of one, which I was unsure why it was an empty category to begin with) which were all made by an IP, and then never filled. However, I did clean out establishments, disestablishments by year and decade, and then also a couple of categories by works. I am not sure whether those categories are considered exceptions. I am also wondering whether birth and death years were exceptions to the three-entry rule, and what counts as chronology. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span>_{[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 23:46, 13 April 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks, I'll take care of those categories. ::What counts as chronology? That isn't well defined, but I know that birth/death year categories are allowed to have fewer entries, as well as the usual parent categories those have. As far as anything else, I keep thinking we should define that, but that hasn't been done. ::I would say that if there's any time-related category that has fewer than 3 entries, such (dis)establishment categories, we should have an RFD to discuss before depopulating it. Sometimes it's less helpful to identify something by century or millennium than to just leave it in a year category. Maybe then we could get this more completely defined. ::Thanks again. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 23:55, 13 April 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] Thanks. My only issue with RFDs is that there are so many categories with this issue, and the RFD list is already very long, and by the time a discussion is complete, two other articles could be made to fill that category. In any case, this entire discussion would be something to bring up to [[WP:Simple talk|simple talk]]. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span>_{[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 00:28, 14 April 2025 (UTC) ::::Yes, that would be another good option. :) ::::By the way, those categories have been deleted. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:39, 14 April 2025 (UTC) ::Another group that comes to mind is categories for years, along with needed parent categories. We've always allowed those to stay even if they had fewer than 3 entries. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 23:58, 13 April 2025 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-16 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Museu de Zoologia da USP 02.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo''' (Portuguese: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, abbreviated MZUSP) is a public natural history museum located in the historic Ipiranga district of São Paulo, Brazil. The MZUSP is an educational and research institution that is part of the University of São Paulo. The museum began at the end of the 19th century as part of the Museu Paulista; in 1941, it moved into a dedicated building. In 1969 the museum became a part of the University of São Paulo, receiving its current name. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:27, 14 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Help writing an article == Hello, can anyone help me write an article? I am not very fluent in English, but I can send the text of the article and its references to someone and that person can write the article correctly and publish it. Can anyone help me? [[User:Voxplusetc|Voxplusetc]] ([[User talk:Voxplusetc|talk]]) 23:34, 14 April 2025 (UTC) == Tech News: 2025-16 == <section begin="technews-2025-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Later this week, the default thumbnail size will be increased from 220px to 250px. This changes how pages are shown in all wikis and has been requested by some communities for many years, but wasn't previously possible due to technical limitations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] * File thumbnails are now stored in discrete sizes. If a page specifies a thumbnail size that's not among the standard sizes (20, 40, 60, 120, 250, 330, 500, 960), then MediaWiki will pick the closest larger thumbnail size but will tell the browser to downscale it to the requested size. In these cases, nothing will change visually but users might load slightly larger images. If it doesn't matter which thumbnail size is used in a page, please pick one of the standard sizes to avoid the extra in-browser down-scaling step. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Thumbnail_sizes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation are working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] which will enable [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[:w:en:Denial-of-service attack|Distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is so that they can more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. * To improve security for users, a small percentage of logins will now require that the account owner input a one-time password [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:EmailAuth|emailed to their account]]. It is recommended that you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|check]] that the email address on your account is set correctly, and that it has been confirmed, and that you have an email set for this purpose. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390662] * "Are you interested in taking a short survey to improve tools used for reviewing or reverting edits on your Wiki?" This question will be [[phab:T389401|asked at 7 wikis starting next week]], on Recent Changes and Watchlist pages. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools team]] wants to know more about activities that involve looking at new edits made to your Wikimedia project, and determining whether they adhere to your project's policies. * On April 15, the full Wikidata graph will no longer be supported on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi>. After this date, scholarly articles will be available through <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap;">[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ query-scholarly.wikidata.org]</bdi>, while the rest of the data hosted on Wikidata will be available through the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi> endpoint. This is part of the scheduled split of the Wikidata Graph, which was [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|announced in September 2024]]. More information is [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|available on Wikidata]]. * The latest quarterly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter/First quarter of 2025|Wikimedia Apps Newsletter]] is now available. It covers updates, experiments, and improvements made to the Wikipedia mobile apps. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2025/April|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: an invitation for tool maintainers to attend the Toolforge UI Community Feedback Session on April 15th; recent community metrics; and recent technical blog posts. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W16"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:25, 15 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28540654 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-17 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Fear of crime]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ar:الخوف من الجريمة]])&#32;([[:it:Criminofobia]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Fear of crime''' refers to the fear of being a victim of crime, which is not necessarily reflective of the actual probability of being such a victim. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:24, 21 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28559524 --> == Tech News: 2025-17 == <section begin="technews-2025-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] is now integrated with [[w:dag:Solɔɣu|Dagbani Wikipedia]] since April 15. It is the first project that will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in articles. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2025-04-16] * A new type of lint error has been created: [[Special:LintErrors/empty-heading|{{int:linter-category-empty-heading}}]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint errors/empty-heading|documentation]]). The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|Linter extension]]'s purpose is to identify wikitext patterns that must or can be fixed in pages and provide some guidance about what the problems are with those patterns and how to fix them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368722] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Following its publication on HuggingFace, the "Structured Contents" dataset, developed by Wikimedia Enterprise, is [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/kaggle-dataset/ now also available on Kaggle]. This Beta initiative is focused on making Wikimedia data more machine-readable for high-volume reusers. They are releasing this beta version in a location that open dataset communities already use, in order to seek feedback, to help improve the product for a future wider release. You can read more about the overall [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/#open-datasets Structured Contents project], and about the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-wikipedia-infobox/ first release that's freely usable]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings and events''' * The Editing and Machine Learning Teams invite interested volunteers to a video meeting to discuss [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]], which is the latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] that will detect "peacock" or "overly-promotional" or "non-neutral" language whilst an editor is typing. Editors who work with newcomers, or help to fix this kind of writing, or are interested in how we use artificial intelligence in our projects are encouraged to attend. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team/Community Conversations#Next Conversation|meeting will be on April 28, 2025]] at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745863200 18:00–19:00 UTC] and hosted on Zoom. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W17"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:00, 21 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28578245 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-18 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Heritage preservation in South Korea]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Korean.Dance-03.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The heritage preservation system of South Korea is a multi-level program aiming to preserve and cultivate Korean cultural heritage. The program is administered by the Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA), and the legal framework is provided by the Cultural Heritage Protection Act of 1962, last updated in 2012. The program started in 1962 and has gradually been extended and upgraded since then. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:57, 28 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28583422 --> == thx == thanks for having nominated one of those [[fusion reactor]] (i assume) designs. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:8355:B9EA:59D6:80F4:6BD8:478B|2001:2020:8355:B9EA:59D6:80F4:6BD8:478B]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:8355:B9EA:59D6:80F4:6BD8:478B|talk]]) 03:17, 28 April 2025 (UTC) :[[Aneutronic_fusion]] thingy, it seems. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:8355:B9EA:59D6:80F4:6BD8:478B|2001:2020:8355:B9EA:59D6:80F4:6BD8:478B]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:8355:B9EA:59D6:80F4:6BD8:478B|talk]]) 03:18, 28 April 2025 (UTC) == Tech News: 2025-18 == <section begin="technews-2025-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Event organizers who host collaborative activities on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|multiple wikis]], including Bengali, Japanese, and Korean Wikipedias, will have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] this week. Also, admins in the Wikipedia where the extension is enabled will automatically be granted the event organizer right soon. They won't have to manually grant themselves the right before they can manage events as [[phab:T386861|requested by a community]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The release of the next major version of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, is scheduled for 29 April 2025. Technical editors will have access to the release by the week of 5 May 2025. This update will include a number of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Breaking_changes|breaking changes]] and minor [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Visual_changes|visual changes]]. Instructions on handling the breaking and visual changes are documented on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release Timeline/2.0#|this page]]. Pre-release testing is reported in [[phab:T386298|T386298]], with post-release issues tracked in [[phab:T392379|T392379]] and [[phab:T392390|T392390]]. * Users of [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Wiki_Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will notice that the database views of <code dir="ltr">ipblocks</code>, <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_ipindex</code>, and <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_compat</code> are [[phab:T390767|now deprecated]]. Users can query the <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_table|block]]</code> and <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_target_table|block_target]]</code> new views that mirror the new tables in the production database instead. The deprecated views will be removed entirely from Wiki Replicas in June, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes an overview of the improved [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=es&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en#/ Content Translation Dashboard Tool], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Language Support for New and Existing Languages|support for new languages]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Wiki Loves Ramadan Articles Made In Content Translation Mobile Workflow|highlights from the Wiki Loves Ramadan campaign]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Languages Onboarding Experiment 2024 - Executive Summary|results from the Language Onboarding Experiment]], an analysis of topic diversity in articles, and information on upcoming community meetings and events. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Knowledge_Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745937000 April 29 at 14:30 UTC]. This edition will focus on "Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects". You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Learning Clinic %E2%80%93 Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects (Part_1)|register now]] to attend. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which brings the global technical community together to connect, brainstorm, and hack existing projects, will take place from May 2 to 4th, 2025, at Istanbul, Turkey. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W18"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 28 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28585685 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-19 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lhamana]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:We-Wa, a Zuni berdache, weaving - NARA - 523796 (cropped).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Lhamana''', in traditional Zuni culture, are biologically male people who take on the social and ceremonial roles usually performed by women in their culture, at least some of the time. They wear a mixture of women's and men's clothing and much of their work is in the areas usually occupied by Zuni women. Some contemporary lhamana participate in the pan-Indian two-spirit community. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 07:29, 5 May 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28583422 --> == Tech News: 2025-19 == <section begin="technews-2025-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared the latest draft update to their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|annual plan]] for next year (July 2025–June 2026). This includes an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|executive summary]] (also on [[diffblog:2025/04/25/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundations-2025-2026-draft-annual-plan/|Diff]]), details about the three main [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals|goals]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|global trends]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Budget Overview|budget]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Financial Model|financial model]]. Feedback and questions are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|talk page]] until the end of May. '''Updates for editors''' * For wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]], two new feature improvements have been released: ** Admins can now choose which namespaces are permitted for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] via [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Permitted namespaces|documentation]]). The default setup is for event registration to be permitted in the Event namespace, but other namespaces (such as the project namespace or WikiProject namespace) can now be added. With this change, communities like WikiProjects can now more easily use Event Registration for their collaborative activities. ** Editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Transclusion|transclude]] the Collaboration List on a wiki page ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Collaboration list/Transclusion|documentation]]). The Collaboration List is an automated list of events and WikiProjects on the wikis, accessed via {{#special:AllEvents}} ([[w:en:Special:AllEvents|example]]). Now, the Collaboration List can be added to all sorts of wiki pages, such as: a wiki mainpage, a WikiProject page, an affiliate page, an event page, or even a user page. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library in gadgets and user scripts should revise their code to use alternatives like the <code dir=ltr>Intl</code> library or the new <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.DateFormatter</code> library. The <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library has been deprecated and will begin to log messages in the developer console. You can see a global search for current uses, and [[phab:T392532|ask related questions in this Phabricator task]]. * Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikidata term store tables (<code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">wbt_*</code>) need to update their code to connect to a separate database cluster. These tables are being split into a separate database cluster. Tools that query those tables via the wiki replicas must be adapted to connect to the new cluster instead. [[wikitech:News/2025 Wikidata term store database split|Documentation and related links are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390954] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.28|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on preparing to expand the deployment to additional wikis as soon as this week (starting May 6) and scaling up over the following weeks, plus exploring filtering and transforming source data. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W19"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:15, 6 May 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28665011 --> == This Month in Education: April 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 4 • April 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Ceremony of giving certificates and awarding the winners of the edit-a-thon: Meet Slovenia|Ceremony of giving certificates and awarding the winners of the edit-a-thon: Meet Slovenia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/The Workshops Wikimedia & Education are back in Brazil|The Workshops Wikimedia & Education are back in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/EduWiki Nigeria: Advancing Digital Literacy in Schools|EduWiki Nigeria: Advancing Digital Literacy in Schools]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Empowering the Next Generation: Wikidata Training at Federal Government Boys College, FGBC Abuja|Empowering the Next Generation: Wikidata Training at Federal Government Boys College, FGBC Abuja]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Final Wikipedia project with Shefit Hekali school in Peqin, Albania|Final Wikipedia project with Shefit Hekali school in Peqin, Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Teachers who graduated from the Leamos Wikipedia program in Bolivia become mentors for their colleagues |Teachers who graduated from the Leamos Wikipedia program in Bolivia become mentors for their colleagues]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Wikivoyage in Has region, Northern Albania|Wikivoyage in Has region, Northern Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Wikivoyage workshop in Bulqiza|Wikivoyage workshop in Bulqiza]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 02:48, 10 May 2025 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=28656387 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-20 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Gruppo del Sileno]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Parco3.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Sileno ed Egle con Mnasilo e Cromi''', meglio noto come Gruppo del Sileno, è un monumento in marmo di Carrara, realizzato da Jean-Baptiste Boudard nel 1765 per il Giardino Ducale di Parma; sostituito nel 1991 con una copia in polvere di marmo e resina, l'originale si trova provvisoriamente nel chiostro della Fontana del monastero di San Paolo, in attesa della definitiva collocazione prevista all'interno del palazzetto Eucherio Sanvitale nel parco Ducale. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:29, 12 May 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28709947 --> == Tech News: 2025-20 == <section begin="technews-2025-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|"Get shortened URL"]] link on the sidebar now includes a [[phab:T393309|QR code]]. Wikimedia site users can now use it by scanning or downloading it to quickly share and access shared content from Wikimedia sites, conveniently. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]], which will enable [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[w:en:Denial-of-service attack|distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is to help more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. Tech News has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|previously written about this]]. The deployment will be gradual. Some might see the Edge Uniques cookie the week of 19 May. You can discuss this on the [[m:Talk:Edge Uniques|talk page]]. * Starting May 19, 2025, Event organisers in wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled can use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] in the project namespace (e.g., Wikipedia namespace, Wikidata namespace). With this change, communities don't need admins to use the feature. However, wikis that don't want this change can remove and add the permitted namespaces at [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/CampaignEvents]]. * The Wikipedia project now has a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q36720|Nupe]] ([[w:nup:|<code>w:nup:</code>]]). This is a language primarily spoken in the North Central region of Nigeria. Speakers of this language are invited to contribute to [[w:nup:Tatacin feregi|new Wikipedia]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers can now access pre-parsed Dutch Wikipedia, amongst others (English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese) through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/snapshot/#structured-contents-snapshot-bundle-info-beta Structured Contents snapshots (beta)]. The content includes parsed Wikipedia abstracts, descriptions, main images, infoboxes, article sections, and references. * The <code dir="ltr">/page/data-parsoid</code> REST API endpoint is no longer in use and will be deprecated. It is [[phab:T393557|scheduled to be turned off]] on June 7, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.1|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/2025_Cloud_VPS_VXLAN_IPv6_migration IPv6 support] is a newly introduced Cloud virtual network that significantly boosts Wikimedia platforms' scalability, security, and readiness for the future. If you are a technical contributor eager to learn more, check out [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/05/06/wikimedia-cloud-vps-ipv6-support/ this blog post] for an in-depth look at the journey to IPv6. '''Meetings and events''' * The 2nd edition of 2025 of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]], a virtual platform for African Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747328400 May 15 at 17:00 UTC]. This edition will focus on discussions regarding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|Wikimedia Annual planning and progress]]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MENA Connect Community Call|MENA Connect Community Call]], a virtual meeting for [[w:en:Middle East and North Africa|MENA]] Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747501200 May 17 at 17:00 UTC]. You can [[m:Event:MENA Connect (Wiki_Diwan) APP Call|register now]] to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W20"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:38, 12 May 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28714188 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-21 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lorrin A. Thurston]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fi:Lorrin Thurston]])&#32;([[:ko:로린 A. 서스턴]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lorrinandrewsthurston1892.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Lorrin Andrews Thurston''' (July 31, 1858 – May 11, 1931) was a Hawaiian citizen lawyer, politician, and businessman. Thurston played a prominent role in the revolution that overthrew the Hawaiian Kingdom to replace Queen Liliʻuokalani with the Republic of Hawaii, with discreet US support for which Congress much later apologized. He published the Pacific Commercial Advertiser (a forerunner of the present-day Honolulu Star-Advertiser), and owned other enterprises. From 1906 to 1916, he and his network lobbied with national politicians to create a national park to preserve the Hawaiian volcanoes. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:33, 19 May 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28731710 --> == Tech News: 2025-21 == <section begin="technews-2025-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Peacock language model for the following languages: Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, English, and Japanese. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check/model test|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on May 23, which will be the start date of the test. '''Updates for editors''' * From May 20, 2025, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|oversighters]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:CheckUsers|checkusers]] will need to have their accounts secured with two-factor authentication (2FA) to be able to use their advanced rights. All users who belong to these two groups and do not have 2FA enabled have been informed. In the future, this requirement may be extended to other users with advanced rights. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] will begin mass deployment by the end of the month: all non-Wikipedia projects plus Catalan Wikipedia will adopt Multiblocks in the week of May 26, while all other Wikipedias will adopt it in the week of June 2. Please [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|contact the team]] if you have concerns. Administrators can test the new user interface now on your own wiki by browsing to [{{fullurl:Special:Block|usecodex=1}} {{#special:Block}}?usecodex=1], and can test the full multiblocks functionality [[testwiki:Special:Block|on testwiki]]. Multiblocks is the feature that makes it possible for administrators to impose different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|help page]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * Later this week, the [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] listing of almost all special pages will be updated with a new design. This page has been [[phab:T219543|redesigned]] to improve the user experience in a few ways, including: The ability to search for names and aliases of the special pages, sorting, more visible marking of restricted special pages, and a more mobile-friendly look. The new version can be [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages previewed] at Beta Cluster now, and feedback shared in the task. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219543] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is being enabled on more wikis. For a detailed list of when the extension will be enabled on your wiki, please read the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|deployment timeline]]. * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] will be deployed on May 27 on five Wiktionaries: [[wikt:ha:|Hausa]], [[wikt:ig:|Igbo]], [[wikt:bn:|Bengali]], [[wikt:ml:|Malayalam]], and [[wikt:dv:|Dhivehi/Maldivian]]. This is the second batch of deployment planned for the project. After deployment, the projects will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in their pages. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. * Later this week, the Wikimedia Foundation will publish a hub for [[diffblog:2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/|experiments]]. This is to showcase and get user feedback on product experiments. The experiments help the Wikimedia movement [[diffblog:2023/07/13/exploring-paths-for-the-future-of-free-knowledge-new-wikipedia-chatgpt-plugin-leveraging-rich-media-social-apps-and-other-experiments/|understand new users]], how they interact with the internet and how it could affect the Wikimedia movement. Some examples are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Generated Video|generated video]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Roblox game|Wikipedia Roblox speedrun game]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Discord bot|the Discord bot]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with creating an account using the API, which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390751] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets and user scripts that interact with [[{{#special:Block}}]] may need to be updated to work with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|manage blocks interface]]. Please review the [[mw:Help:Manage blocks/Developers|developer guide]] for more information. If you need help or are unable to adapt your script to the new interface, please let the team know on the [[mw:Help talk:Manage blocks/Developers|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * The <code dir=ltr>mw.title</code> object allows you to get information about a specific wiki page in the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Lua|Lua]] programming language. Starting this week, a new property will be added to the object, named <code dir=ltr>isDisambiguationPage</code>. This property allows you to check if a page is a disambiguation page, without the need to write a custom function. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71441] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] User script developers can use a [[toolforge:gitlab-content|new reverse proxy tool]] to load javascript and css from [[gitlab:|gitlab.wikimedia.org]] with <code dir=ltr>mw.loader.load</code>. The tool's author hopes this will enable collaborative development workflows for user scripts including linting, unit tests, code generation, and code review on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">gitlab.wikimedia.org</bdi> without a separate copy-and-paste step to publish scripts to a Wikimedia wiki for integration and acceptance testing. See [[wikitech:Tool:Gitlab-content|Tool:Gitlab-content on Wikitech]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The 12th edition of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Workshop 2025|Wiki Workshop 2025]], a forum that brings together researchers that explore all aspects of Wikimedia projects, will be held virtually on 21-22 May. Researchers can [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/wikiworkshop2025/ register now]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W21"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:13, 19 May 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28724712 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-22 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Lamiera bugnata]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Tread plate]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Diamond Plate.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Una '''lamiera bugnata''' o mandorlata è una lamiera di metallo ottenuta dalla laminazione di una bramma attraverso rulli che, tramite punzonatura o goffratura, imprimono sulla lamina rilievi a forma di rombo o ellisse, detti bugne. Nel caso questi rilievi siano alternati singolarmente nei due assi, si parla di lamiera diamantata, mentre se le forme sono predisposte in maniera parallela per formare piccoli quadranti tra di loro tangenti, questo pattern viene identificato con il nome di mandorlato. We tend to ignore the fact that this type of plate is the only reason we don't slip when we walk on steel and wet or frozen surfaces. The Italian article it's short but quite complete, and has just the right amount of citations, unlike other poor languages' versions. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 06:04, 26 May 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28751788 --> == Tech News: 2025-22 == <section begin="technews-2025-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A community-wide discussion about a very delicate issue for the development of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] is now open on Meta: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. The discussion is open until June 12 at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], and every opinion is welcomed. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. '''Updates for editors''' * Since last week, on all wikis except [[phab:T388604|the largest 20]], people using the mobile visual editor will have [[phab:T385851|additional tools in the menu bar]], accessed using the new <code>+</code> toolbar button. To start, the new menu will include options to add: citations, hieroglyphs, and code blocks. Deployment to the remaining wikis is [[phab:T388605|scheduled]] to happen in June. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist]]</code> parser function will no longer register a link to its target page. This will improve the usefulness of [[{{#special:WantedPages}}]], which will eventually only list pages that are the target of an actual red link. This change will happen gradually as the source pages are updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14019] * This week, the Moderator Tools team will launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], starting at Indonesian Wikipedia. This new filter highlights edits that are likely to be reverted. The goal is to help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic edits. Other wikis will benefit from this filter in the future. * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. Readers of Catalan, Hebrew, and Italian Wikipedias and some sister projects will receive the change between May 21 and mid-June. Readers of other wikis will receive the change later. The goal is to encourage users to read the wikis more. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * Some users of the Wikipedia Android app can use a new feature for readers, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]], a daily trivia game based on real historical events. The release has started as an A/B test, available to 50% of users in the following languages: English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Newsletter|Newsletter extension]] that is available on MediaWiki.org allows the creation of [[mw:Special:Newsletters|various newsletters]] for global users. The extension can now publish new issues as section links on an existing page, instead of requiring a new page for each issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393844] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The previously deprecated <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Ipblocks table|ipblocks]]</code> views in [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will be removed in the beginning of June. Users are encouraged to query the new <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block table|block]]</code> and <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block target table|block_target]]</code> views instead. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects|Wikidata and Sister Projects]] is a multi-day online event that will focus on how Wikidata is integrated to Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects. The event runs from May 29 – June 1. You can [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects#Sessions|read the Program schedule]] and [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|register]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W22"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:05, 26 May 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28788673 --> == This Month in Education: May 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 5 • May 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Journalism students at Aleksandër Xhuvani University explore Wikipedia in Albania|Journalism students at Aleksandër Xhuvani University explore Wikipedia in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Reviewing pending articles editathon with high school students in Albania|Reviewing pending articles editathon with high school students in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Several educational workshops to promote science on Wiki were held in Brazil in the month of May|Several educational workshops to promote science on Wiki were held in Brazil in the month of May]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Simón Bolívar Teacher Training College joins the Let's Read Wikipedia Program|Simón Bolívar Teacher Training College joins the Let's Read Wikipedia Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Students become Editors: Wikimedia Chile launches Latin America's first Vikidia Workshop|Students become Editors: Wikimedia Chile launches Latin America's first Vikidia Workshop]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/The DemocraTICon competition was held, this year for the first time with a discipline focused on Wikipedia |The DemocraTICon competition was held, this year for the first time with a discipline focused on Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Wikimedia MKD's "Lajka" workshop in Skopje|Wikimedia MKD's "Lajka" workshop in Skopje]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 02:57, 28 May 2025 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=28771448 --> == Flood == Hi, do you need the flood flag? '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:08, 31 May 2025 (UTC) :I guess I had not realized I was making so many edits. I won't need it anymore, I should be good. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span>_{[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 01:09, 31 May 2025 (UTC) ::OK, cheers '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:11, 31 May 2025 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-23 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Angelo azzurro (cocktail)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Ángel azul (cóctel)]])&#32;([[:fr:Ange bleu (cocktail)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Angelo Azzurro Cocktail.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> L''''angelo azzurro''' è un cocktail alcolico italiano. È considerato uno dei cocktail più popolari in Italia negli anni novanta, insieme al B-52 e all'Invisibile. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 05:39, 2 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Tech News: 2025-23 == <section begin="technews-2025-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Editors can use this new extension to create interactive data visualizations like bar, line, area, and pie charts. Charts are designed to replace many of the uses of the legacy [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]]. '''Updates for editors''' * It is now easier to configure automatic citations for your wiki within the visual editor's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]]. Administrators can now set a default template by using the <code dir=ltr>_default</code> key in the local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]</bdi> page ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|example diff]]). Setting this default will also help to future-proof your existing configurations when [[phab:T347823|new item types]] are added in the future. You can still set templates for individual item types as they will be preferred to the default template. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting the week of June 2, bots logging in using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> or <code dir=ltr>action=clientlogin</code> will fail more often. This is because of stronger protections against suspicious logins. Bots using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|bot passwords]] or using a loginless authentication method such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] are not affected. If your bot is not using one of those, you should update it; using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> without a bot password was deprecated [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|in 2016]]. For most bots, this only requires changing what password the bot uses. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205] * From this week, Wikimedia wikis will allow ES2017 features in JavaScript code for official code, gadgets, and user scripts. The most visible feature of ES2017 is <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax, allowing for easier-to-read code. Until this week, the platform only allowed up to ES2016, and a few months before that, up to ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Scholarship applications to participate in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] are now open. The conference will take place from 30 October to 1 November, in Lisbon, Portugal. GLAM contributors who lack the means to support their participation can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|apply here]]. Scholarship applications close on June 7th. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W23"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:55, 2 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28819186 --> ads9j3a7mrynyukjxl6r5rbjs0acdxt 10 1161243 10368639 10366804 2025-07-03T01:33:08Z Cyberbot I 224035 Updating Admin Stats ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10368639 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Adminstats/Core |edits=6891 |ed=7654 |created=2 |deleted=1316 |revdel=106 |eventdel=1 |restored=8 |blocked=152 |protected=17 |unprotected=0 |rights=17 |reblock=10 |unblock=1 |modify=2 |filter=2 |merge=0 |massmessage=0 |rename=0 |import=2 |style={{{style|}}}}} 1zdcdb0hm7mori9npjytk2x2mwxy296 0 1161813 10368706 10062846 2025-07-03T02:14:57Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 typo: duplication 10368706 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}} The '''Flowing Wells Unified School District''' is a [[School District]] placed at 1556 West Prince Road, [[Tucson, Arizona|Tucson]], [[Arizona]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.flowingwellsschools.org// |website=flowingwellsschools.org |access-date=June 20, 2021}}</ref> It is located much of [[Flowing Wells, Arizona|Flowing Wells]], as well as bits of Tucson, [[Marana, Arizona|Marana]], [[Cortaro, Arizona|Cortaro]], [[Casas Adobes, Arizona|Casas Adobes]], & unnamed parts of [[Pima County, Arizona|Pima County]]. The district does practice [[School choice|open enrollment]] for students outside of district boundaries, provided said students maintain certain academic performance.<ref>{{cite web |title=Open Enrollment |url=http://www.flowingwellsschools.org/cms/one.aspx?pageId=344753 |website=flowingwellsschools.org |access-date=June 20, 2021 |archive-date=June 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201703/http://www.flowingwellsschools.org/cms/one.aspx?pageId=344753 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The school district serves some 5,500 students in eleven schools.<ref name=":0" /> It was founded in 1889 as the Rillito School District and changed in 1928 due to an error in the Arizona School Directory. {{As of|2021}}, the superintendent is Dr. Kevin Stoltzfus.<ref>{{cite web |title=District Administration |url=http://www.flowingwellsschools.org/our_district/district_administration |website=flowingwellsschools.org |access-date=June 20, 2021 |archive-date=June 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201550/http://www.flowingwellsschools.org/our_district/district_administration |url-status=dead }}</ref> The assistant superintendent is Mrs. Tabetha Finchum (Formerly the principal of J Robert Hendricks Elementary). In 2023, the district had approximately $63.7 million dollars.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://www.ade.az.gov/SFSInbound/4405/Reports/2016_BUDGAGD_4405_10272015172356.PDF |title=Arizona Department of Education, Aggregate Expenditures Report for Fiscal Year 2016, Flowing Wells |website=ade.az.gov |format=PDF|accessdate=June 20, 2021}}</ref> The district is overseen by a 5-member board that holds public meetings twice a month.<ref>{{cite web |title=Members and Meeting Information |url=http://www.flowingwellsschools.org/our_district/members |website=flowingwellsschools.org |access-date=June 20, 2021 |archive-date=June 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203112/http://www.flowingwellsschools.org/our_district/members |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Schools == ===Early childhood=== * Emily Meschter Early Learning Center (Teddy Bears) ===Elementary schools=== * Centennial Elementary School (Coyotes) * Homer Davis Elementary School (Dragons) * Douglas Elementary School (Bulldogs) * J. Robert Hendricks Elementary School (Hawks) * Laguna Elementary School (Longhorns) (originally the sole school of the since annexed Pima County School District No. 17) * Robert S. Richardson Elementary School (Roadrunners) ===Junior high school=== * [[Flowing Wells Junior High School]] (Mustangs) ===High schools=== * [[Flowing Wells High School]] (Caballeros) * Sentinel Peak High School (Scorpions) ===Digital campus=== * Flowing Wells Digital Campus (Knights) ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{Official website|http://www.flowingwellsschools.org}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Arizona]] [[Category:School districts in the United States]] [[Category:1889 establishments in the United States]] egxp8kldavqey4xtutipns18trcshqh 0 1162336 10368588 10209038 2025-07-03T00:35:14Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Personal life */ Typo: duplication 10368588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Sue Blu | image = | image_size = | caption = | other_names = Sue Blu | birth_name = <!-- Valid citation required for full name for BLP. (WP:BLPPRIVACY) --> | birth_date = <!-- Valid citation required for date of birth for BLP. (WP:BLPPRIVACY) --> | birth_place = | occupation = {{hlist|Voice actress|voice director|casting-director}} | years_active = 1968–present | spouse = | partner = [[Cynthia Songé]] (1982–2010; her death) | parents = | relatives = }} '''Susan Blu''', also known as '''Sue Blu''', is an [[Americans|American]] [[voice actress]], voice director, and casting director. She works in both [[United States|American]] and [[Canada|Canadian]] movies and television. She is known for voice acting [[Sphinxy Sphinx]] in ''[[Tiny Toon Adventures]]'', and [[Arcee]] in ''[[The Transformers: The Movie]]'', and in [[Season (television)|seasons]] 3 and 4 of ''[[The Transformers]]''. She voice acted Arcee again in [[Transformers: Animated.|''Transformers: Animated'']]. She is also known for voice acting [[Stormer/Mary Phillips]] and [[Lindsey Pierce]] from the television series ''[[Jem]]''. She was a casting and voice director for ''[[Handy Manny]]''. She also appeared as the character [[Marion]]. == Life and career == Blu [[Graduation|graduated]] from [[Stephens College]] in [[Columbia, Missouri]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Peeples|first=Jase|date=July 18, 2014|title=Susan Blu: Transformation of an Animation Icon|url=https://www.advocate.com/arts-entertainment/geek/2014/07/18/susan-blu-lesbian-voice-animated-icons|access-date=July 28, 2023}}</ref> She is known for voice acting many different characters. For example, she has voiced [[Nanny Smurf]] on ''[[The Smurfs (TV series)|The Smurfs]]'', [[Judge J.B. McBride]] on ''[[BraveStarr]]'', [[Jessica Wray]], [[Futura]] and [[Belfry]] on ''[[Ghostbusters (1986 TV series)|Ghostbusters]]'', [[Aimee Brightower]] on ''[[Galaxy High]]'', [[Kim]] on ''[[Fangface]]'', [[Hiccup]] on ''[[Little Clowns of Happytown]]'', [[Lofty]], [[Paradise]], [[Buttons]] and other less important characters on ''[[My Little Pony]]'', [[Transmutate]] from the series ''[[Beast Wars]]'', and one of [[Petrie (The Land Before Time)|Petrie]]'s brothers and sisters in ''[[The Land Before Time XII: The Great Day of the Flyers]]'' (2006). She also played [[Princess PawPaw]] on [[Hanna-Barbera]]'s ''[[Paw Paws]]'', [[Sphinxy Sphinx]] on ''[[Tiny Toon Adventures]]'', and voiced [[Sibella]] from the television movie ''[[Scooby Doo and the Ghoul School]]'' (1988). Blu worked for the [[Ocean Group]] as a voice director. The Ocean Group is a Canadian company. They supplied voice actors for [[Viz Communications]] and the television series [[Beast Wars: Transformers|''Beast Wars''.]] She was the voice director on Beast Wars, a [[prequel]] to ''[[The Transformers]]''. She was also the voice director for its sequel, [[Beast Machines: Transformers|''Beast Machines'']]. She worked as dialogue director for the 1987 [[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1987 TV series)|''Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles'']] television series. She was also the voice director for the 2003 ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2003 TV series)|Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]'' television series. She was voice director for ''[[Transformers: Animated]]'', and also voice acted as the character [[Arcee]]. She had previously voice acted Arcee in ''[[The Transformers]]''. She was the voice director for ''[[The Magic School Bus]]''. She also did voice acting for the series. She played [[Vikki Grimm]] in the [[video game]] series ''[[Army Men]]''. She worked as the voice director for ''[[Transformers: Prime]]''. She left after Season 1 Episode 7 because her wife died. [[Jamie Simone]] became voice director after Blu left. Blu has also acted in [[live-action]]. For example, she acted in the 1977 television series ''[[Three's Company]]'' as [[Sandra Boyd]], the television series ''[[Knight Rider (1982 TV series)|Knight Rider]]'', and as the character [[Amanda Shepard]] in ''[[Friday the 13th Part VII: The New Blood]]'' (1988). She also guest starred as herself and provided the voices of several various [[Muppets]] in ''[[The Muppet Show]]'' and ''[[Sesame Street]]''. == Personal life == Blu is a [[lesbian]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Susan Blu: Transformation of an Animation Icon|url=https://www.advocate.com/arts-entertainment/geek/2014/07/18/susan-blu-lesbian-voice-animated-icons|access-date=2025-01-16|website=www.advocate.com|language=en}}</ref> Blu had a [[Domestic partnership|domestic partner]], actress [[Cynthia Songé]]. Songé died on May 19, 2010, in [[Arroyo Grande, California]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kent|first=Sari N.|date=May 21, 2010|title=Vancouver Voiceover Actress Cynthia Songé Passes Away|url=http://thecelebritycafe.com/feature/vancouver-voiceover-actress-cynthia-songe-passes-away-05-21-2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225055254/http://thecelebritycafe.com/feature/vancouver-voiceover-actress-cynthia-songe-passes-away-05-21-2010|archive-date=February 25, 2012|website=thecelebritycafe.com}}</ref> == Filmography == === Live-action television === * ''[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC Saturday Comedy Special]]'' (1976) – ''[[Archie]]'' (unsold pilot) – [[Midge]] * ''[[The Archie Situation Comedy Musical Variety Show]]'' (TV special) (1978) – [[Midge]] * ''[[The Wild Wild West Revisited]]'' (TV Movie) (1979) – [[Gabrielle]] '''Single-episode roles in the following series''' * ''[[Kojak]]'' * ''[[The Brian Keith Show]]'' * ''[[The Waltons]]'' * ''[[The Muppet Show]]'' - Herself, Various [[Muppets]] * ''[[Sesame Street]]'' - Herself, Various [[Muppets]] * ''[[Three's Company]]'' - [[Sandra Boyd]] * ''[[Whiz Kids]]'' * ''[[St. Elsewhere]]'' * ''[[Newhart]]'' * ''[[Knight Rider (1982 TV series)|Knight Rider]]'' (1982 series) * ''[[Simon &amp;amp; Simon]]'' * ''[[TUGS]]'' - [[Sally Seaplane]] (Only in test [[United States|US]] [[Dubbing (filmmaking)|dub]]) === Television animation === * ''[[The 13 Ghosts of Scooby-Doo]]'' – [[Flim Flam]] * ''[[Aaahh!!! Real Monsters]]'' – Additional Voices * ''[[American Dragon: Jake Long|American Dragon Jake Long]]'' – [[Jasmine as a Nix]], Additional Voices * ''[[Animal Crack-Ups]]'' – [[Reggie the Heggie]] * ''[[Beast Wars]]'' - [[Transmutate]] * ''[[Bigfoot and the Muscle Machines]]'' – [[Jennifer]], [[Red]], [[Redder]] * ''[[Bionic Six]]'' – [[Ronnie Gordon]] * ''[[BraveStarr]]'' – [[Judge J.B. McBride]], [[Molly]], [[Vipra]], [[Commander Karen Kane]], Additional Voices * ''[[Captain Planet and the Planeteers]]'' – Additional Voices * ''[[Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers]]'' – Additional Voices * ''[[Clifford's Puppy Days]]'' – [[Lewis Sidarsky]], [[Mrs. Solomon]] * ''[[Clifford the Big Red Dog (2000 TV series)|Clifford the Big Red Dog]]'' – [[Dan]], [[Billy]], [[Aunty Sandy]] * ''[[Droopy, Master Detective]]'' – Additional Voices * ''[[DuckTales]]'' (1987 series) – Additional Voices * ''[[The Dukes]]'' – Additional Voices (Season 2) * ''[[The Completely Mental Misadventures of Ed Grimley]]'' – Additional Voices * ''[[Extreme Ghostbusters]]'' – Additional Voices * ''[[Fangface]]'' – Kim * ''[[Fantastic Max]]'' – Additional Voices * ''[[The Flintstone Kids]]'' – [[Dreamchip Gemstone]], [[Granite Janet]] * ''[[Foofur]]'' – [[Dolly]] * ''[[G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero]]'' – Additional Voices * ''[[Galaxy High]]'' – [[Aimee Brightower]] * ''[[Filmation's Ghostbusters]]'' – [[Jessica Wray]], [[Futura]], [[Belfry]], Additional Voices * ''[[Godzilla: The Series]]'' – [[Doctor #2]] * ''[[Gravedale High]]'' – Additional Voices * ''[[Handy Manny]]'' – [[Marion the Librarian]] * ''[[The Incredible Hulk]]'' (1982 animated series) – [[Rita]], Additional Voices * ''[[Invasion America]]'' – Additional Voices * ''[[Jackie Chan Adventures]]'' – Additional Voices * ''[[James Bond Jr.]]'' – Additional Voices * ''[[Jem]]'' – [[Lin-Z/Lindsay Pierce]], [[Stormer/Mary Phillips]] * ''[[The Jetsons]]'' – Additional Voices (1985) * ''[[Jin Jin and the Panda Patrol]]'' – Additional Voices * ''[[The Land Before Time]]'' – [[Dara]], Additional Voices * ''[[Lazer Tag Academy]]'' – Additional Voices * ''[[Little Clowns of Happytown]]'' – [[Hiccup]] * ''[[The Little Rascals]]'' – Additional Voices * ''[[Madeline (TV series)|Madeline]]'' – Additional Voices * ''[[The Magic School Bus (TV series)|The Magic School Bus]]'' – Additional Voices (including [[female producer]]) * ''[[Monchichis]]'' – Additional Voices * ''[[My Little Pony]]'' – [[Buttons]], [[Paradise]], [[Pluma]] * ''[[The New Adventures of Zorro]]'' – Additional Voices * ''[[New Kids on the Block]]'' – Additional Voices * ''[[The New Yogi Bear Show]]'' – Additional Voices * ''[[OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes]]'' – [[Sibella the Vampire]] * ''[[Paw Paws]]'' – [[Princess Paw Paw]] * ''[[Popeye and Son]]'' – [[Shelley]] * ''[[Richie Rich]]'' – Additional Voices * ''[[Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]'' – [[Yokai Council Member]] * ''[[The Scooby &amp;amp; Scrappy-Doo/Puppy Hour]]'' – Additional Voices * ''[[The Simpsons]]'' – [[White Weasel]], [[Howard]] * ''[[The Smurfs (TV series)|The Smurfs]]'' – [[Nanny Smurf]], [[Pansy]] * ''[[Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends]]'' – Additional Voices * ''[[Stanley, the Ugly Duckling]]'' – [[Stanley]], [[Dog]], [[Motorcycle]], [[Female Hell's Eagle Member]] * ''[[Star Fairies]]'' – [[Jazz]] * ''[[The Tick]]'' (1994 animated series) – [[Suffra-Jet]] * ''[[Tiny Toon Adventures]]'' – [[Sphinxy Sphinx]] (Episodes, Movies, and Specials "[[Sawdust and Toonsil]]", "[[Washingtoon]]", "[[Sports Shorts]]", "[[Tiny Toon Adventures: How I Spent My Vacation]]", "[[Tiny Toon Night Ghoulery]]", "[[Night of the Living Dull]]", "[[Son of Mr. Popular's Rules of Cool]]", "[[I Dream Of Sphinxy]]", etc.) * ''[[Tom and Jerry Kids|Tom & Jerry Kids]]'' – Voices * ''[[Toxic Crusaders]]'' – Additional Voices * ''[[The Transformers]]'' – [[Arcee]], [[Marissa Faireborn]], [[Beta]] * ''[[Transformers: Animated]]'' – [[Arcee]], [[Flareup]] * ''[[Visionaries: Knights of the Magical Light]]'' – [[Galadria]], [[Heskedor]] * ''[[Where's Waldo?]]'' – Additional Voices * ''[[Where on Earth Is Carmen Sandiego?]]'' – Additional Voices * ''[[Wildfire]]'' – [[Brutus]] * ''[[Yogi's Treasure Hunt]]'' – Additional Voices === Film === * ''[[Rose Petal Place]]'' (1984) – [[Sunny Sunflower]], [[Daffodil]] (voice) * ''[[Rose Petal Place: Real Friends]]'' (1985) – [[Sunny Sunflower]], [[Fuchsia]], [[Canterbury Belle]] (voice) * ''[[My Little Pony: The Movie]]'' (1986) – [[Lofty]] / [[Grundle]] / [[Bushwoolie #5]] (voice) * ''[[The Transformers: The Movie]]'' (1986) – [[Arcee]] (voice) * ''[[Yogi's Great Escape]]'' (1987) – [[Buzzy]], [[Little Cowgirl]], [[Swamp Fox Girl]], [[Swamp Fox Kids]] (voice) * ''[[BraveStarr: The Movie]]'' (1988) – [[Judge J.B. McBride]] (voice) * ''[[Scooby-Doo and the Ghoul School]]'' (1988) – [[Sibella the Vampire]] (voice) * ''[[Yogi and the Invasion of the Space Bears]]'' (1988) – [[Snulu]] (voice) * ''[[Friday the 13th Part VII: The New Blood]]'' (1988) – [[Amanda Shepard]] * ''[[The Canterville Ghost]]'' (1988) – [[Virginia Otis]] (voice) * ''[[Deadly Weapon]]'' (1989) – [[Shirley]] * ''[[The Adventures of Ronald McDonald: McTreasure Island]]'' (1990) – [[Jimmy Hawkins]] (voice) * ''[[The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 movie)|The Hunchback of Notre Dame]]'' (1996) – Additional Voices * ''[[Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer]]'' (2000) – [[Grandma Spankenheimer]] (voice) * ''[[Cinderella II: Dreams Come True]]'' (2002) – Additional Voices * ''[[Finding Nemo]]'' (2003) – Additional Voices * ''[[Clifford's Really Big Movie]]'' (2004) – (voice) * ''[[Stuart Little 3: Call of the Wild]]'' (2005) - [[Forest Animals]] (voice) * ''[[Cars (movie)|Cars]]'' (2006) – (voice) * ''[[The Land Before Time XII: The Great Day of the Flyers]]'' (2006) – [[Petrie's Siblings]] (voice) * ''[[Friday the 13th (franchise)|Crystal Lake Memories: The Complete History of Friday the 13th]]'' (Documentary film, 2013) - Herself === Video games === * ''[[Army Men: Air Attack 2]]'' – [[Vikki Grimm]] * ''[[Army Men: Air Combat – The Elite Missions]]'' – [[Vikki Grimm]], [[Lt. Felicity "Bombshell" Wannamaker]] * ''[[Army Men: Sarge's Heroes]]'' – [[Vikki Grimm]] * ''[[Army Men: Sarge's Heroes 2]]'' – [[Vikki Grimm]], [[Brigitte Bleu]] * ''[[Portal Runner]]'' – [[Vikki Grimm]] == Crew work == * ''[[A.T.O.M.]]''&nbsp;– Voice Casting and Dialogue Director * ''[[All-New Dennis the Menace]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[An American Tail: The Mystery of the Night Monster]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director * ''[[An American Tail: The Treasure of Manhattan Island]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director * ''[[Astroblast!]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 May 2023|title=New AstroBlast Credits|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fLab2vWecu8|website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> * ''[[Balto II: Wolf Quest]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director * ''[[Balto III: Wings of Change]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director * ''[[Barnyard Commandos]]''&nbsp;– Dialogue Director * ''[[Beast Machines]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[Beast Wars]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[Ben 10: Omniverse]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director (78 episodes) * ''[[Big Guy and Rusty the Boy Robot]]''&nbsp;– Dialogue Director * ''[[Buster &amp;amp; Chauncey's Silent Night]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[Butt-Ugly Martians]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[Capertown Cops]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[Choose Your Own Adventure: The Abominable Snowman]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[Clifford the Big Red Dog (2000 TV series)|Clifford the Big Red Dog]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[Clifford's Puppy Days]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[Clifford's Really Big Movie]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[Chucklewood Critters]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[Cyberchase]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director (Seasons 1-4 and 6-8) * ''[[Curious George (movie)|Curious George]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director (Uncredited) * ''[[Curious George (TV series)|Curious George]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director (Seasons 1-9) (102 episodes) * ''[[Curious George Swings Into Spring]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director * ''[[Curious George: A Halloween Boo Fest]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director * ''[[Curious George: A Very Monkey Christmas]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director * ''[[Curious George 2: Follow That Monkey!]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director * ''[[Curious George 3: Back to the Jungle]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director * ''[[Darkstalkers]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[Dino Babies]]''&nbsp;– Dialogue Director * ''[[Dragon and Slippers]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[Dragon Booster]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[Dragons: Riders of Berk]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director (ep. 6-40) * ''[[Extreme Ghostbusters]]''&nbsp;– Dialogue Director * ''[[Godzilla: The Series]]''&nbsp;– Dialogue Director * ''[[Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[Handy Manny]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director (78 episodes) * ''[[Heavy Gear: The Animated Series]]''&nbsp;– Dialogue Director * ''[[Invasion America]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director * ''[[Jackie Chan Adventures]]''&nbsp;– Dialogue Director * ''[[Jackie Chan Adventures (video game)|Jackie Chan Adventures]]''&nbsp;– Dialogue Director * ''[[James Bond Jr.]]''&nbsp;– Dialogue Director * ''[[Jumanji]]''&nbsp;– Dialogue Director * ''[[Kong: The Animated Series]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[Legion of Super Heroes]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director (Season 2) * ''[[Little Orphan Annie's A Very Animated Christmas]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[Lost in Oz]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director * ''[[Mama Mirabelle's Home Movies]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[Max Steel]]''&nbsp;– Dialogue Director * ''[[Maya & Miguel]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[Men in Black: The Series]]''&nbsp;– Dialogue Director * ''[[My Life]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director (Seasons 3-5) * ''[[New Kids on the Block]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director * ''[[Open Season]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[Richie Rich]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[Robotech: The Shadow Chronicles]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director * ''[[Roswell Conspiracies: Aliens, Myths and Legends]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[Roughnecks: Starship Troopers Chronicles]]''&nbsp;– Dialogue Director * ''[[Skeleton Warriors]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[Snow White and the Magic Mirror]]''&nbsp;– Dialogue Director * ''[[Space Cats]]''&nbsp;– Dialogue Director * ''[[Special Agent Oso]]''&nbsp;– Dialogue Director (43 episodes) * ''[[Spider-Man: The New Animated Series]]''&nbsp;– Dialogue Director * ''[[Superman: Brainiac Attacks]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director * ''[[Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series)|Star Wars: The Clone Wars]]''&nbsp;– Casting Services * ''[[Stone Protectors]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[Street Fighter]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[Stuart Little (TV series)|Stuart Little: The Animated Series]]''&nbsp;– Dialogue Director * ''[[Stuart Little 3: Call of the Wild]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director * ''[[Surf's Up]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1987 TV series)|Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]''&nbsp;– Dialogue Director * ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director (seasons 1-5) * ''[[The Adventures of Brer Rabbit]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director * ''[[The Adventures of Corduroy]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[The Adventures of Hyperman]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[The Adventures of Ronald McDonald: McTreasure Island]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director * ''[[The California Raisin Show]]''&nbsp;– Dialogue Director * ''[[The Fantastic Voyages of Sinbad the Sailor]]''&nbsp;– Dialogue Director * ''[[The Land Before Time]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director * ''[[The Land Before Time VI: The Secret of Saurus Rock]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director * ''[[The Land Before Time VII: The Stone of Cold Fire]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director * ''[[The Land Before Time VIII: The Big Freeze]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director * ''[[The Land Before Time IX: Journey to Big Water]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director * ''[[The Land Before Time X: The Great Longneck Migration]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director * ''[[The Land Before Time XI: Invasion of the Tinysauruses]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director * ''[[The Land Before Time XII: The Great Day of the Flyers]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director * ''[[The Land Before Time XIII: The Wisdom of Friends]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director * ''[[The Land Before Time XIV: Journey of the Brave]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director * ''[[The Life &amp;amp; Adventures of Santa Claus]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director * ''[[The Life and Times of Juniper Lee]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director * ''[[The Magic School Bus (TV series)|The Magic School Bus]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[The Mummy: The Animated Series]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[The New Adventures of He-Man]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[The New Adventures of Zorro]]''&nbsp;– Dialogue Director * ''[[The Night of the Headless Horseman]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director * ''[[The Pirates Who Don't Do Anything: A VeggieTales Movie]]''&nbsp;– Casting Director * ''[[The Tick]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director (ep. 1-6) and seasons 2-3 * ''[[The Twisted Tales of Felix the Cat]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director Season 1 and (ep. 18-20) * ''[[The Wish That Changed Christmas]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[The Wizard of Oz]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[Toxic Crusaders]]''&nbsp;– Dialogue Director * ''[[Transformers Animated]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Recording Director * ''[[Transformers: Prime]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director (ep. 1-11) * ''[[TUGS]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director (ep. "[[Sunshine]]") (Only in test [[United States|US]] [[Dubbing (filmmaking)|dub]]) * ''[[T'was the Day Before Christmas]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[Ultimate Book of Spells]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[Vor-Tech: Undercover Conversion Squad]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director * ''[[Where's Waldo?]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director * ''[[Wing Commander Academy]]''&nbsp;– Casting & Voice Director * ''[[Zorro: Generation Z]]''&nbsp;– Voice Director == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * {{IMDb name|0089454|Susan Blu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Blu, Susan}} [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]] [[Category:American television actors]] [[Category:American movie actors]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:LGBT actors]] [[Category:Lesbians]] tbje7bnkq5pmo2hxjiugilnx6cjai4r 0 1162855 10367546 10367536 2025-07-02T11:59:22Z MathXplore 966595 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/103.240.170.83|103.240.170.83]] ([[User talk:103.240.170.83|talk]]) to last version by Davey2010 10142614 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''[[Koli caste|Koli]]''' is a Indian [[caste]] mostly found in the Indian states of [[Gujarat]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]], [[Goa]], [[Telangana]], [[Daman and Diu]] and [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]. Here are the information about [[Koli rebellion|Koli]] [[Clan|clans]] ([[Gotra]]) and [[Title|titles]] (Upadhi): Before the [[Indian independence movement|Independence of India]], in Gujarat, the Bhil women were [[Concubinage|Concubines]] for the [[Koli Patel|Koli]] [[Tribal chief|landlords]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nath |first=Y. V. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eXEbAAAAMAAJ |title=Bhils of Ratanmal: An Analysis of the Social Structure of a Western Indian Community |publisher=[[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]] |year=1960 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=62: in Pipergota, a ruler is having a Dhanaki concubine for a number of years. But he does not live with her. He accepts no food from her. So his purity is unaffected and be remains a member of the higher society. Quite a few Bhilala land holders have Naika woman their concubines and in Baria, such relations are said to exist between the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]]s and [[Bhil]] women. |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=[[Vadodara|Baroda]] |first=[[Maharaja Sayajirao University]] of |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JNFUXvF9gywC&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Sociological Monograph Series |date=1960 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=62: in Pipergota, a ruler is having a Dhanaki concubine for a number of years. But he does not live with her. He accepts no food from her. So his purity is unaffected and be remains a member of the higher society. Quite a few Bhilala land holders have Naika woman their concubines and in Baria, such relations are said to exist between the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]]s and [[Bhil]] women. |language=en}}</ref> [[File:A Coolie Chieftain.jpg|thumb|A [[portrait]] of a [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[Tribal chief|chieftain]] of [[Dahewan]] by [[James Forrestal|James Forbes]], 1813]] == Clans (Gotra) == === Vala Kolis === The '''Vala''', or '''Wala''' is a Koli [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) found in the [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[Gujarat]] in [[India]]. They claim to be the earliest [[Koli people|Koli]] settlers in [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]], and are descendants of Dhan Mer who was son of Koli [[Tribal chief|chieftain]] [[Sonang Mer]], who defeated the ruler of the [[Vala State|Vala]] kingdom ([[Vallabhi|Valabhi]]) of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kumar |first=Satinder |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qtkjAQAAIAAJ |title=Encyclopaedia of South-Asian Tribes: The Kinnaura - The Korwa |date=2000 |publisher=Anmol Publications |isbn=978-81-261-0517-5 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |page=1557 |quote=The Talapada Koli are divided into exogamous clans, Four of those clans, Merh, [[Chauhan]], [[Makwana (clan)|Makwana]] and Bhaliya are considered superior and the rest clans namely [[Rathod (surname)|Rathod]], Vala, Heera and [[Solanki (clan)|Solanki]] are placed below them |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aRdOAQAAMAAJ |title=The Scheduled Castes |date=1995 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-563742-7 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[India]] |page=576 |quote=The Talapada Koli are divided into exogamous clans. Four of those clans, Merh, [[Chauhan]], [[Makwana (clan)|Makwana]] and Bhaliya are considered superior and the rest clans namely [[Rathod (surname)|Rathod]], Vala, Heera and [[Solanki (clan)|Solanki]] are placed below them |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Jain |first1=Jyotindra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nuPWAAAAMAAJ |title=Folk Art and Culture of Gujarat: Guide to the Collection of the Shreyas Folk Museum of Gujarat |last2=Gujarat |first2=Shreyas Folk Museum of |date=1980 |publisher=Shreyas Prakashan |location=[[New Delhi]] |page=6 |quote=It has been noted that the famous Koli Dhanmer whose descendants became known as Vala Koli |language=en}}</ref> ===Sord Kolis=== The '''Sord dynasty''' was a ruling dynasty of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] in [[Gujarat]] who ruled over Idar [[Princely state|state]] for two generations.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=iChFAQAAMAAJ |title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India |date=1985 |publisher=Usha Publications |year=1985 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=428 - 429 |language=en}}</ref> This dynasty was founded by the [[Thakor]] Hathi Sord, who belonged to the [[Koli rebellion|Koli]] caste.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-03 |title=Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 13, page 325 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library |url=http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V13_331.gif |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=web.archive.org |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303190502/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V13_331.gif |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ananta) |first=Rudra (Son of |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ICIVAAAAIAAJ&dq=sord+kolis&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Rudrakavi's Great Poem of the Dynasty of Rāṣṭrauḍha: Cantos 1-13 and 18-20 |publisher=Brill Archive |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=10 |language=en}}</ref> Hathi Sord was a [[vassal]] in the Eder state, but Amarsingh [[Parmar]], the ruler of the Eder state, was killed in a battle after which Hathi Sord took over as the ruler of the Eder state. [[Maharaja]] Hathi Sord ruled peacefully till his death, and after his death his only son, Prince Samwaliya Sord, took the [[throne]] of Idar.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bruyne |first=Jenny Leonora de |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=EigTAQAAIAAJ |title=Great poem of the dynasy of rastraudha |date=1968 |year=1968 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=10 |language=en}}</ref> Maharaja Sanvalia Sord appointed a [[Nagar]] [[Brahmin]] as the commander of the army of the state of Idar but Commander was jealous of the maharaja, Due to which the commander became with the [[Rathore caste|Rathore]] [[Rajput|Rajputs]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=d. 1917 |first=Whitworth, George Clifford |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7tAOAAAAQAAJ&dq=sord+kolis&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=An Anglo-Indian Dictionary: A Glossary of Indian Terms Used in English, and of Such English Or Other Non-Indian Terms as Have Obtained Special Meanings in India |date=1885 |publisher=Kegan Paul, Trench |year=1885 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=299 |language=en}}</ref> The Senapati incited the Rathore Rajputs to attack the Maharaja but the Rajputs did not dare, after which the Senapati made a plan. According to the plan, the commander called Maharaja Sord for his daughter's wedding party and hid the Rajputs in the houses of neighbors. The Maharaja Sord was enjoying the feast with some of his ministers, when the Brahmin commander also gave him a banquet of liquor, due to which Maharaja Sord and his ministers and some special soldiers got drunk. The commander was waiting for this, the commander pointed to the Rathore Rajputs hiding in the neighboring houses and attacked the minister and soldiers including Maharaja Sord. It was the year 1300 and the Sord Dynasty of Idar came to an end this year.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Laade |first=Raj Bhusan |title=Ancient [[Gujarat]]: a view of [[Narada]] |year=2004 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=151 - 152 |language=[[English language|English]]}}</ref> Rathore Rajputs captured the idar from Kolis but later rathores was drove out by Rao Rajputs.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Y9DzmxWenNkC&dq=sord+kolis&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Asian Review |date=1887 |publisher=East & West |year=1887 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=147 |language=en}}</ref> ===Valakiya Koli=== The '''Valakiya'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Society |first=Gujarat Research |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Gujar%C4%81ta_Sa%E1%B9%83%C5%9Bodhana_Ma%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Da%E1%B8%B7anu/Iq0DT1lBgQcC?hl=en |title=Gujarāta Saṃśodhana Maṇḍaḷanuṃ Traimāsika: Journal of the Gujarat Research Society |date=1991 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=16:Kolis are [[Talpada Kolis|Talapda]]s, [[Khant Koli|Khant]]s, [[Chunvalia Koli|Chumvaliya]]s, Patanvadiyas, and [[Thakor|Thakarda]]s. Clans of Kolis [[Baria Koli|Boraiya]]s, Dalvadis, Ghediyas, Shiyals and Valakiyas. |language=en}}</ref> (also spelled as '''Valakia''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=Jyotindra |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Folk_Art_and_Culture_of_Gujarat/nuPWAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Folk Art and Culture of Gujarat: Guide to the Collection of the Shreyas Folk Museum of Gujarat |last2=Gujarat |first2=Shreyas Folk Museum of |date=1980 |publisher=Shreyas Prakashan |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=133: Kolis were noted pirates and were known by several names such as Gedia, Valakia, Baria and Talbada. |language=en}}</ref> '''Valankiya'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=General |first=India Office of the Registrar |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Census_of_India_1961/eCfs8vWwR50C?hl=en |title=Census of India, 1961 |date=1962 |publisher=Manager of Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=60: in the Gujarat, estates of Katosan, Ghodasar, Sathamba, Ilol, Satlasna, Tajpuri, Ramas and Punadara, etc, belonged to Koli chief. There are five septs among Kolis, viz, (1) Talapada Koli, (2) Chanvaliyu Koli (7) Ghediya Koll, (4) Valankiya Koli and (3) Khant Koli. in the State, Kolis are alas known from..... |language=en}}</ref> and '''Valakya''') is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of the [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] mostly found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Campbell |first=James M. |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Hindu_Castes_and_Tribes_of_Gujurat/FAXGpcEdbfUC?hl=en |title=Hindu Castes and Tribes of Gujurat |date=1988 |publisher=[[Vintage Books]] |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=245: Valakiya Kolis who take their name from Kathiawad's Valak village which was ruled by them, were noted pirates of Gujarat. |language=en}}</ref> Valakiya Kolis were [[Koli caste#Koli pirates|pirates]] by profession and ruled over Valak village of [[Surat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond Brady |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Swaminarayan_Hinduism/rs5JDwAAQBAJ?hl=en |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |language=en}}</ref> The Valakiya Kolis got their name from the Valak village in [[Kamrej]] [[tehsil]] of [[Surat]] [[List of districts of Gujarat|district]] in [[Gujarat]]. They ruled over Valak village and were noted [[Koli caste#Koli pirates|pirates]] by profession.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kennedy |first=Michael |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PEZCY_iK3GIC&pg=PA97&dq=Valakiyas+Kolis&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiIkP3vkduHAxXDsFYBHVM5MacQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The Criminal Classes in India |date=1985 |publisher=Mittal Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=97 |language=en}}</ref> ===Bhalia Kolis=== '''Bhalia'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Enthoven |first=Reginald Edward |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Tribes_and_Castes_of_Bombay/FoT6gPrbTp8C?hl=en |title=The Tribes and Castes of Bombay |date=1990 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |isbn=978-81-206-0630-2 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=93: Bhalia - A subdivision of Kolis in Gujarat. |language=en}}</ref> also spelled as '''Bhaliya'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1459&dq=Bhaliya+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjbvemPsNuHAxW0p1YBHb3JGw4Q6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=[[Anthropological Survey of India]] |isbn=978-0-19-563357-3 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=1460 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of the [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] mostly found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Somanaboina |first=Simhadri |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=H5tIEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT443&dq=Bhalia+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQ3oTMq9uHAxWOlFYBHWwIKAw4ChDoAXoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The Routledge Handbook of the Other Backward Classes in India: Thought, Movements and Development |last2=Ramagoud |first2=Akhileshwari |date=2021-11-15 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=978-1-000-46280-7 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |language=en}}</ref> In the census of 1931 in [[Vadodara|Baroda State]], the population of Bhalia Kolis was 27,437 alongwith Ghedia Kolis.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Thakors_of_North_Gujarat/1DBuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=188: Koli population of [[Baroda State]] including Bhalia Kolis, 1931 |language=en}}</ref> The Bhaliya clan is considered as superior clan among Kolis because they ruled over [[Bhal region]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Scheduled_Castes/aRdOAQAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=The Scheduled Castes |date=1995 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-563742-7 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=576 |language=en}}</ref> The Bhalia Kolis got their name from their homeland Bhal region of [[Gujarat]] which was ruled by them and was stronghold for their [[Koli caste#Koli pirates|Koli piracy]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Registrar |first=India Office of the |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Census_of_India_1961/X0awGlWj84cC?hl=en |title=Census of India, 1961 |date=1962 |publisher=Manager of Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=6 |language=en}}</ref> ===Popere Kolis=== The '''Popere''', or '''Popera''' is a [[clan]] of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=10 - 266 |language=en}}</ref> The ruling Koli [[dynasty]] of [[Jawhar State]] belong to the Popere [[clan]] of [[Mahadev Kolis|Mahadev]] [[Koli rebellion|Kolis]] of [[Konkan]] who established the rule over [[Jawhar]] in 1346 by Koli chief [[Jayaba Mukne|Jayaba Popere]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Shibani |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |year=1983 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=29 |language=en}}</ref> They are Agriculturist and noted for the militant spirit.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ralte |first=Lalrinawmi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CGYXb4sksawC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA180&dq=Popera+Koli&hl=en |title=Waging Peace, Building a World in which Life Matters: Festschrift to Honour Gabriele Dietrich |last2=Faria |first2=Stella |date=2004 |publisher=[[ISPCK]] |year=2004 |isbn=978-81-7214-798-3 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=179 - 180 |language=en}}</ref> ===Bokad Kolis=== The '''Bokad''' is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref name=":0" /> They served in the [[Maratha Empire]] and in 1769 - 70, Bokad Kolis received the grants of [[Jagir]] from [[Peshwa]] [[Madhavrao I|Madhavrao i]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year= |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=12 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gāre |first=Govinda |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vZciAAAAMAAJ |title=Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis |date=1976 |publisher=Shubhada Saraswat |year=1976 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=26 |language=en}}</ref> later, they served in [[British Raj|British Indian Empire]] at good positions such as [[Faujdar]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Omvedt |first=Gail |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7Q1uAAAAMAAJ |title=Cultural Revolt in a Colonial Society: The Non Brahman Movement in Western India, 1873 to 1930 |date=1976 |publisher=Scientific Socialist Education Trust |year=1976 |isbn=978-0-88386-922-2 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=141 |language=en}}</ref> ===Thorat Koli=== The '''Thorat Koli'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Verma |first=Balraj |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=53owAQAAIAAJ |title=The Beautiful India - Daman & Diu |date=2006 |publisher=Reference Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-81-8405-022-6 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=10: This prince lost his patrimony in [[Udaipur]] during a [[Muslim]] conquest and moved to the southern direction and , in the process , defeated the [[Koli]] Chief Natort of the Thorat clan of Kolis ) ; in doing so , he conquered a hilly area at ... |language=en}}</ref> ([[Marathi language|Marathi]]: थोरात) is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of [[Koli caste|Koli]] caste found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]] and [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhatt |first=S. C. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=3IWXh-6zDe8C&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA48&dq=Thorat+Koli&hl=en&redir_esc=y |title=Land and people of Indian states and union territories : (in 36 volumes) |date=2005 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-7835-356-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=48 |language=en}}</ref> The Thorat Kolis ruled over [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] till 1262.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gajrani |first=S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=33LiAAAAMAAJ |title=History, Religion and Culture of India |date=2004 |publisher=Isha Books |year=2004 |isbn=978-81-8205-062-4 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=33 |language=en}}</ref> but in 1262, Koli king Nag Thorat was defeated by Ramsing who was a [[Rajput]] from [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lele |first=Purushottam Shripad |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=L0MeAAAAMAAJ |title=Dadra and Nagar Haveli: Past and Present |date=1987 |publisher=Usha P. Lele |year=1987 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=4 |language=en}}</ref> later, Thorat Kolis lived by plundering.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=_wB_aqQ5ZrAC |title=History and Administration of Dharampur State (Prant Ramnagar): From 1262 to 1937 |date=1939 |publisher=President, State Council |year=1939 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=9 |language=en}}</ref> ===Pichad Kolis=== The '''Pichad''' is a [[clan]] of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=12: their forts in Prant [[Surgana]], District [[Nasik]], which was till then in the possession of Kolis. Koli Javji Bambale and bringing him under submission and service to the Peshwa along with his Koli - mates Khade , Bhangare and Pichad of [[Rajur]]. |language=en}}</ref> Pichad Kolis served in [[Maratha Empire]] as [[Subedar]], [[Mansabdar]] and [[Nayak (title)|Nayak]] but in 1776 - 77, they revolted against [[Peshwa]] government because of their deposition from posts but later Pichad kolis enlisted to their posts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=104 |language=en}}</ref> After establishment of [[British Raj|British]] [[Bombay Presidency|rule]] in Maharashtra, Pichad Kolis took up arms against British authorities under their [[Koli rebellion|Koli]] chief '''Balaji Pichad'''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=Neena Ambre |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=J_faAAAAMAAJ |title=Forest Ecology in India: Colonial Maharashtra, 1850-1950 |date=2008 |publisher=Foundation Books |year=2008 |isbn=978-81-7596-549-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=166 |language=en}}</ref> ===Solanki Kolis=== The '''Solanki Koli''' (also spelled as '''Saulanki Koli''') is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] mostly found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian states]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Rajasthan]] and [[Union territory|Union Territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1459&dq=Solanki+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjyhd3s4beGAxU1TWwGHfspA_cQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=[[Anthropological Survey of India]] |isbn=978-0-19-563357-3 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=1459 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Dr. Shibani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=98 |language=en}}</ref> The Solanki Kolis of Gujarat ruled over petty [[Princely state|Princely states]] in Chunval region (now [[Becharaji]]) of Gujarat named as [[Bhankodar|Bhankoda]], Kukvav, Chaniar and Dekavada [[Jagir|jagirs]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond Brady |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rs5JDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |language=en}}</ref> ===Babria (Bavalia) Kolis=== The '''Babria''', or '''Bavlia''' and '''Bavalia''' is a [[clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union Territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sherring |first=Matthew A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U2lehroNx1oC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA307&dq=Babria+Koli&hl=en |title=Hindu Tribes and Castes: As Represented in Benares ; with Illustrations |date=1879 |publisher=[[Thacker]] |pages=307 - 314 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sherring |first=Matthew Atmore |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=JmhDAAAAYAAJ&dq=Babria+Koli&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Babria |title=Hindu Tribes and Castes as Represented in Benares |date=1974 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |year=1974 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=314 |language=en}}</ref> Babria Kolis mostly found in the [[Babariawad]] region of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bartholomew |first=John George |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=v9McAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA29&dq=Babria+Kolis&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHwJTL-4H4AhU56nMBHbKECV8Q6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Babria%20Kolis&f=false |title=Constable's Hand-gazetteer of India |date=1898 |publisher=A. Constable |year=1898 |location=India |language=en}}</ref> the region of Babariawad of Gujarat got his name because of Babria Kolis.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burgess |first=James |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V15BAQAAIAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA12&q=Nawanagar+Kolis&hl=en |title=Report on the Antiquities of Kâṭhiâwâḍ and Kachh, Being the Result of the Second Season's Operations of the Archaeological Survey of Western India, 1874-75 |date=1876 |publisher=India Museum |year=1876 |location=India |pages=12 |language=en}}</ref> They mostly lived by plundering and Their plundering was called as '''Dhang'''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=d. 1917 |first=Whitworth, George Clifford |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7tAOAAAAQAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA84&q=Babria+Kolis&hl=en |title=An Anglo-Indian Dictionary: A Glossary of Indian Terms Used in English, and of Such English Or Other Non-Indian Terms as Have Obtained Special Meanings in India |date=1885 |publisher=Kegan Paul, Trench |year=1885 |location=India |pages=84 |language=en}}</ref> ===Dabhi Kolis=== The '''Dabhi'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=General |first=India (Republic) Office of the Registrar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-McAQAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Census of India, 1961 |date=1967 |publisher=Manager of Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=7: Chunvalia Kolis have 21 principal sub - divisions namely Abasania, Adhgama, Baroga, Basukia, '''Dabhi''', Dhamodia, Dhandhukia, Gohel, Jandaria ... |language=en}}</ref> ([[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]: ડાભી, [[Hindi]]: डाभी) is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Shibani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |year=1983 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=98 |language=en}}</ref> The Kolis of the Dabhi clan ruled over [[Ghorasar]] state during [[British Raj|British rule]] in India.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond Brady |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=rs5JDwAAQBAJ&vq=dabhi+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=The following is a list of the Koli [[Thakor|Thakorda]]s or lordlings in [[North Gujarat]]: the Solankis of Bhankoda, Chaniar, Dekavada, and Kukvav in Chunwal; the Makwanas of Katosan, Jhunjuvara, and Punar, the Rathods of Ghanti and Vaghpur on the banks of the Sabarmati; the '''Dabhis'' of Ghodasar in the Charotar; the Chauhans of Amliara in the Mahi Kantha; and the Vaghelas of Kankrej.... |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1995 |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=139 |language=en}}</ref> ===Makwana Kolis=== The '''Makwana Koli'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perez |first=Rosa Maria |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GDRWAglUumEC&q=Makwana+Koli |title=Kings and Untouchables: A Study of the Caste System in Western India |date=2004 |publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]] |isbn=978-81-8028-014-6 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=71: Three Koli Patel clans live in this village are Chauhan, Makwana and Rathod |language=en}}</ref> also spelled as '''Makawana Koli''', '''Makvana Koli''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kubala |first=Rameśa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qt21AAAAIAAJ |title=Gābīta Kshatriya Āramārī gharāṇyāñcā itihāsa |date=1983 |publisher=Kshatriya Kulāvatãsa Āramārī Marāṭhā Samāja |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=240: The Gazetteer states that the Chief of the State is a Makvana Koli |language=mr}}</ref> '''Makavana Koli''', '''Mukwana Koli''' and '''Mukawana Koli''' is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] mostly found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Shibani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=31: two clans of [[Koli people|Koli]]s are recognised: the Mar and '''Makwana'''. These are exogamous clans referred to as 'atak. Each 'atak' is further subdivided into sub clans referred to as 'gram echap,' in the local dialect. Besides the division of 'sacche Koli' the rest of the 222 'ataks' and those clans name are common to both the |language=en}}</ref> In 1931 census of [[Baroda State]], there were 20,700 Kolis of Makwana clan in the Baroda state's territory.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=188 |language=en}}</ref> Makwana Kolis mostly belong to the [[Hindus|Hindu]] faith but there are members of the community who converted to Islam during the reign of the invading [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] power in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gode |first=Parshuram Krishna |url= |title=Studies in Indian Cultural History |date=1969 |publisher=Vishveshvaranand Vedic Research Institute |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=51 |language=en}}</ref> Makwana Kolis are [[Land tenure|landholders]] and [[agriculturist]] by profession.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vidyabhusana |first=Satis Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6wW1AAAAIAAJ |title=Buddhadeba, arthāt̲, Gautama Buddhera sampūrṇa jībana carita o upadeśa |date=1996 |publisher=Karuṇā Prakāśanī |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=46 |language=bn}}</ref> Here are list of [[Princely State]]s ruled by Makwana Kolis, [[Katosan State]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chakrabarti |first=Jadab Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rpA2AAAAMAAJ&dq=makwana+Koli&pg=PA128 |title=The Native States of India |date=1895 |publisher=Shaw Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=128 |language=en}}</ref> [[Gabat State]]{{sfn|Gode|1969|pp=51}}, [[Punadra|Punadra State]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Department |first=India Foreign and Political |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-80NAAAAIAAJ&dq=makawan+Koli&pg=RA1-PA334 |title=A Collection of Treaties, Engagements, and Sanads Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries |date=1892 |publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=334 |language=en}}</ref> [[Hadol State]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3sEqCW4p2VgC |title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India |date=1985 |publisher=Usha Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=122–123 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Khadal State]]. Muslim Koli, The '''Muslim Makwana''', or '''Musalman Makwana''' (also spelled as '''Makawana''', '''Makvana''', and '''Makavana''') is a [[Muslim Kolis|Muslim Koli]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t9UgAAAAMAAJ |title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India |date=1985 |publisher=Usha Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=261: '''Makwana Kolis''' finally embraced the religion of the Islam. While narrating the rise of the Makwana Kolis it has been stated that Harpal, the son of Keshar Makwana, obtained several villages |language=en}}</ref> [[Caste system in India|caste]] in [[Gujarat]] who were converted to [[Islam]] from [[Hinduism]] during [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] rule in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Assadi |first=Muzaffar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M7HYEAAAQBAJ |title=Colonial and Post-Colonial Identity Politics in South Asia: Zaat/Caste Among Muslims |date=2023-11-24 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=978-1-003-80246-4 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages='''Makwana''' was a caste converted from the '''Hindu Makwana Koli''' tribe, Matias were Leva Kanbis converted by a Sufi saint of Pirana, Memons were those converted in the 15th century from the Luhan. and Kacchías caste. Panjnigara, cotton thread starchers, were converted from the Hindu social order bearing the same name |language=en}}</ref> Muslim Makwana Kolis are descendants of the Hindu Makwana Kolis of [[Chunvalia Koli|Chunval]] region who was converted to Islam and his descendants knows as Muslim Makwana Kolis in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jhala |first=Jayasinhji |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gSZqDwAAQBAJ |title=Genealogy, Archive, Image: Interpreting Dynastic History in Western India, c. 1090-2016 |date=2018-07-19 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |isbn=978-3-11-060129-9 |language=en}}</ref> They were converted to Islam by [[Sultan]] [[Mahmud Begada]] during his reign.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gujarat (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCYbAAAAIAAJ |title=Gujarat State Gazetteers: Kheda District |date=1977 |publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=110: Makwana Koli was converted to Islam by Mahmud Begada ( 1459- 1513 A. D. ) |language=en}}</ref> The Muslim Makwana Kolis follows the bath rituals of Islam and Hinduism like other hindus.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gujarat (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wIxhAAAAIAAJ |title=Gujarat State Gazetteers: Vadodara |date=1974 |publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=125: Makwana Kolis converted to Islam , and like them , observed a mixed Mahomedan and Hindu religions |language=en}}</ref> ===Satav Kolis=== The '''Satav''', or '''Sataw''' is a [[Gotra|clan]] of [[Malhar Koli|Malhar]] [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tribhuwan |first=Robin D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JC-014hKeKAC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA226&dq=Satav+Koli&hl=en |title=Fairs and Festivals of Indian Tribes |date=2003 |publisher=Discovery Publishing House |year=2003 |isbn=978-81-7141-640-0 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |language=en}}</ref> The Satav clan of [[Koli rebellions|Kolis]] was hereditary [[priest]] and responsible for [[Mahalakshmi Temple, Dahanu|Mahalaxmi]] temple of [[Dahanu]] and considered the Mahalakshmi as their clan deity.{{sfn|Tribhuwan|2003|pp=26}} Satav Kolis also served as the royal priest to the rulers of [[Jawhar State]].{{sfn|Tribhuwan|2003|pp=27}} ===Sonwane Kolis=== The '''Sonavane''', or '''Sonawane''' (also spelled as '''Sonvane''' and '''Sonwane''') is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=97 - 100: Clans of Mahadev Kolis: Sonavane, Bhangare, Ashvale, Shinghade, Mali, Shelar |language=en}}</ref> ===Shelkande Kolis=== The '''Shilkande''', or '''Shelkande''' and '''Shilkunda''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of the [[Maharashtra]] and neighbouring Territories.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=99 - 100: Clans of Mahadev Kolis of Maharashtra: Kadam, Rongate, Shilkande, Sabale, Joshi, Mane, Kavale, Pore ...... |language=en}}</ref> The Shilkunda Kolis revolted against [[Peshwa]] ([[Prime Minister of India|Prime minister]] of [[Maratha Empire]]) because of their [[land rights]] and cutoff the head of [[Patil (title)|Patil]] of Chovisi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=104 |language=en}}</ref> ===Satpute Kolis=== The '''Satpute''', or '''Sutpute''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Karve |first=Irawati Karmarkar |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=fRzVAAAAMAAJ |title=Group Relations in Village Community |last2=Damle |first2=Yashwant Bhaskar |date=1963 |publisher=S.M. Katre |year=1963 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=13: As regards the Kolis , there were in all 17 clans. The names of these Koli clans were as follows : -Asvale , Kudekar , Memane , Lohokare , Langhi , Vadekar , Kede , [[Jadhav]] , Satpute, Talape, Lokhande, Supe, Gaware, Kalute, Bhalinge, Bhavari and Yande. |language=en}}</ref> The Kolis of Satpute clan [[Koli rebellions|revolted]] against [[British Raj|British]] rule in [[List of districts of Maharashtra|Maharashtra]] under their [[List of Koli people|Koli]] chief Sakharam Satpute and captured the British offices and plundered the British controlled Territories in [[Konkan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=Neena Ambre |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=J_faAAAAMAAJ |title=Forest Ecology in India: Colonial Maharashtra, 1850-1950 |date=2008 |publisher=Foundation Books |year=2008 |isbn=978-81-7596-549-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=166 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hangloo |first=Rattan Lal |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=nwVuAAAAMAAJ |title=New Themes in Indian History: Art, Politics, Gender, Environment, and Culture |last2=Murali |first2=A. |date=2007 |publisher=[[Black & White]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-89320-15-7 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=391 |language=en}}</ref> ===Charavadia Kolis=== The '''Charavadia''', or '''Charvadia''' and '''Charawadia''' (also spelled as '''Charavadiya''',<ref name=":1" /> '''Charawadiya''', '''Charwadia''' and '''Charvadiya''') is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref name=":0"/> The Charavadia Kolis originated from Bokadthamba village and in 2019, Their population was 700 only and the Bokadthamba village is inhebited by only Charavadia clan of Kolis.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2019-09-14 |title=This is cursed village of Gujarat, people of only one surname live here |url= |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=News Track |language=English}}</ref> Around 1500 A. D., The ruler of [[Wankaner State|Wankaner]] [[Princely state|State]] gave the Bokadthamba village to four [[Chunvalia Koli|Chunvalia]] [[List of Koli people|Koli]] brothers and now Charavadias are descendants of those Koli brothers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ગુજરાતનું એક શ્રાપિત ગામ, જ્યાં અટક બદલતાની સાથે જ થાય છે આવી હાલત |url=http://sandesh.com/gujrat-cursed-bokadthambha-village-every-one-has-charavadia-surname/ |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=sandesh.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ગુજરાતનું એક શાપિત ગામ, 700ની વસ્તી પણ બધાની એક જ અટક! |url=https://www.iamgujarat.com/gujarat/rajkot/village-in-gujarat-where-everyone-has-one-same-surname/articleshow/75915201.cms |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=I am Gujarat |language=gu}}</ref> ===Kokate Kolis=== The '''Kokate''', or '''Kokata'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gāre |first=Govinda |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vZciAAAAMAAJ |title=Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis |date=1976 |publisher=Shubhada Saraswat Publications |year=1976 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=26 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=98: Clans of Mahadev Kolis: Lahure, Kokate, Bhoir, Konkane, Korade, Lote, Pote |language=en}}</ref> in 1776, Kokata Kolis [[Koli rebellions|revolted]] against [[Peshwa]] government in [[Maratha Empire]].<ref name=":0"/> The Kokote Kolis served in [[Maratha Empire]] as [[Subedar]] and [[Faujdar]]. The Koli subedar burnt down the rebellion of [[Gavli|Gavlis]] against Peshwa. ===Kirave Kolis=== The '''Kirave''', or '''Kirve''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]] and neighbouring areas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=kOU9AAAAIAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year= |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=97 - 99 - 103: clans of Mahadev Kolis: Bande, Kirave, Ghode, Popere, Shelke, Bambale |language=en}}</ref> in 1829, The Kolis of Kirwe clan revolted against [[British Raj|British]] rule in [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hassan |first=Syed Siraj ul |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lYSd-3yL9h0C&dq=Kirwa+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions |date=1989 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |year=1989 |isbn=978-81-206-0488-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=333 |language=en}}</ref> ===Kengale Kolis=== The '''Kengale''', or '''Kangle''' ([[Hindi]]: केंगले कोली) is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in the [[Maharashtra]] [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=98 - 99: clans of Mahadev Kolis: Jangale, Kengale, Khade, Gambhire, Kavate, Konkane, Mali..... |language=en}}</ref> The [[List of Koli people|Kolis]] of Kengle clan [[Koli Rebellions|revolted]] against [[British Raj|British]] [[British Army|rule]] and [[Sahu|Sahukars]], or [[Loan|Moneylenders]] in [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] in 1872 to 1876 under their chief.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Krishan |first=Shri |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7sOGAwAAQBAJ&dq=Kengle+Kolis&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Political Mobilization and Identity in Western India, 1934-47 |date=2005-04-07 |publisher=SAGE Publications India |year= |isbn=978-81-321-0208-3 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=146 |language=en}}</ref> ===Bhangare Kolis=== The '''Bhangare''', or '''Bhangre''' is a [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli people|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vidyarthi |first=Lalita Prasad |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=scgz0Uzn64YC&pg=PA163&dq=Bhangare+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiHmbbM74H3AhUPxosBHWHaDEkQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=Bhangare%20Koli&f=false |title=The Tribal Culture of India |last2=Rai |first2=Binay Kumar |date=1977 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |year=1977 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=163 |language=en}}</ref> Bhangare Kolis were granted the villages from [[Peshwa]] and served as [[Patil (title)|Patil]] and [[Deshmukh]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gāre |first=Govinda |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vZciAAAAMAAJ |title=Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis |date=1976 |publisher=Shubhada Saraswat |year=1976 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=26: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis Govinda Gāre. to the grant of jahagirs to the three Mahadeo Koli families , Bhangare , Bamble and Bokad and titles of Patil and Deshmukh by Peshwa |language=en}}</ref> in 1761 for [[Maratha (caste)|Maratha]] [[Maratha Empire|Empire]], Bhangare Kolis along with Pattikar Kolis captured the [[Trymbakgad|Trimbak]] [[Forts in India|fort]] from [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]] [[Princely state|state]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=12: An entry of A.D. 1769-70 in the Diary of [[Madhav rao I]] refers to the grant of villages to three Koli families, Bhangare, Bambale and Bokad, as reward. An entry for the year A.D. 1776-77 in [[Savai Madhavrao]]'s Diary refers to the breaking in of [[Javji Bamble|Jiwaji Bambale]] and bringing him under submission and service to the [[Peshwa]] along with prominent kolis Khade, Bhangare and Pichad of [[Rajur]]. these families those of Bhangare and Khade worked as daring [[Subedar]]s, along with Pattikar brothers of Koli caste, in the conquest from the Nizam, in A.D. 1761, of the fort of Trimbak for the Peshwa. |language=en}}</ref> ===Maliwad Kolis=== The '''Maliwad''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Commissioner |first=India Census |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=CAavHcdbFVwC |title=Census of India, 1931 |date=1933 |publisher=Manager of Publications |year=1933 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=510: Subdivisions of armed Kolis: Khant, Dharala, Maliwad, Damor....... |language=en}}</ref> or '''Malivad''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lal |first=R. B. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4Cy_-FXW9BQC&dq=Maliwad+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Gujarat |date=2003 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=2003 |isbn=978-81-7991-104-4 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=128: Clans of Kolis: Damor, Pagi, Maliwad, Chauhan |language=en}}</ref> During the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Rebellion of 1857]], The Maliwad Kolis of [[Khanpur, Gujarat|Khanpur]] in [[Lunavada State|Lunawara State]] revolted against [[Rana (title)|Rana]] of Lunawada under their Koli [[List of Koli states and clans|chieftain]] Suralmal of Khanpur. Because of [[Koli rebellions|Koli rebellion]], Rana sought help from [[British Raj|British]] government and [[British Indian Army|British troops]] under [[Major]] Buckle attacked at Maliwad Koli rebels and suppressed the rebellions.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ddUgAAAAMAAJ |title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India |date=1985 |publisher=Usha Publications |year=1985 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=819 |language=en}}</ref> In 1870, The Maliwad Kolis again raised and breakdown the peace in the state and British controlled Territories.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gujarat (India) |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=xYNhAAAAIAAJ |title=Gujarat State Gazetteers: Panchmahals |date=1972 |publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State |year=1972 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=130: Maliwads |language=en}}</ref> ===Mer Kolis=== The '''Mer''', or '''Mair'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chanchreek |first=Kanhaiyalal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MD8wAQAAIAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Kshatriyas in Buddha's Age: Ruling Races in Buddhist India |last2=Jain |first2=Mahesh Kumar |date=2008 |publisher=Shree Publishers & Distributors |isbn=978-81-8329-188-0 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=193: They were called at this time Mairs, a clan of Kolees, and [[Sonang Mer|Sonung Mair]] was their leader.... |language=en}}</ref> is a [[Clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond Brady |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rs5JDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Shibani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=31: The 222 ataks (Gotra) of [[Koli people|Koli]]s mentioned in the lineage chart are presumed to have been derived from [[Kshatriya]] clan names or from the names of the village from which the Kolis hail. Moreover, these "ataks' do not exhibit any type of heirarchic sub divisions. All of them have equal status below the Mer and [[Makwana (clan)|Makwana]] ataks (clans). |language=en}}</ref> During the reign of Koli chieftain [[Dhan Mer of Dhandhuka]], Mer Kolis were more powerful.<ref>{{Cite book |url= |title=[[Indian Antiquary]]: A Journal of Oriental Research in Archaeology, History, Literature, Languages, Folklore Etc |date= |publisher=[[Times of India]] |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=194 |language=en}}</ref> Mer Kolis of [[Dhandhuka]] defeated the [[Rajput|Rajputs]] of [[Vallabhi|Vallabhipur]] to restore the peace to the [[Brahmin|Brahmins]] of Vallabhipur.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pfeffer |first=Georg |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NEBLAAAAYAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Contemporary Society: Concept of tribal society |last2=Behera |first2=Deepak Kumar |date=1997 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7022-640-6 |location=[[New Delhi]] [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=199 |language=en}}</ref> ===Khade Kolis=== The '''Khade''', or '''Khare''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=99: Clans of Kolis of Maharashtra: Khade, Khokale, Jangale, Mali, Gode, Talpade, Shilakande |language=en}}</ref> Khade Kolis served in [[Maratha (caste)|Maratha]] [[Maratha Empire|Empire]] as [[Subedar]] and in 1761, Khade Kolis along with [[Bhangare Kolis|Bhangare]] and [[Pattikar Kolis|Pattikar]] [[List of Koli people|Kolis]] captured the [[Trimbak]] fort from [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]] [[Princely state|State]] and annexed in Maratha Empire.{{sfn|Ghurye|1957|pp=12|ps=}} But in 1776 - 77, Khade Kolis revolted against [[Peshwa]] government and captured several of [[Forts in India|forts]] from Peshwa under their Koli leader [[Javji Bamble]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=104 |language=en}}</ref> Khade Kolis were [[Jagir|jahagirdars]] until the Jahagirs were recently abolished after [[Independence of India|Independence]].{{sfn|Ghurye|1957|pp=12|ps=}} They also were [[Inamdar (feudal title)|Inamdars]] and [[Nayak (title)|Naiks]] during Maratha Empire.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Frederick Bruce |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=S9dmbS_n9UEC |title=Adaptation to Colonial Rule by the "wild Tribes" of the Bombay Deccan, 1818-1880: From Political Competition to Social Banditry |date=1978 |publisher=[[University of Minnesota]] |year=1978 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=183 - 239 - 266 |language=en}}</ref> The Khade Kolis revolted against [[British Raj|British]] rule and [[Sahukar]] cheaters under their chief '''Haibati Khade''' and plundered the British controlled territory and [[Loan|Moneylenders]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=Neena Ambre |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=J_faAAAAMAAJ |title=Forest Ecology in India: Colonial Maharashtra, 1850-1950 |date=2008 |publisher=Foundation Books |year=2008 |isbn=978-81-7596-549-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=166 |language=en}}</ref> ===Bambale Kolis=== The '''Bambale''', or '''Bamble'''<ref name=":0"/> is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=97: Clans of Mahadev Kolis: Bambale, Bharmal, Bhojane, Gengje, Langhi, Tambekar, Umbhare |language=en}}</ref> Bambale Kolis served in [[Maratha Empire]] and were received the grants of the [[Jagir|Jagirs]] by [[Peshwa]] [[Madhavrao I]] in 1769 - 70.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gāre |first=Govinda |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vZciAAAAMAAJ |title=Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis |date=1976 |publisher=Shubhada Saraswat |year=1976 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=26: Bamble |language=en}}</ref> Bambale Kolis served at good positions Such as [[Patil (title)|Patil]], [[Mansabdar]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Frederick Bruce |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=S9dmbS_n9UEC |title=Adaptation to Colonial Rule by the "wild Tribes" of the Bombay Deccan, 1818-1880: From Political Competition to Social Banditry |date=1978 |publisher=[[University of Minnesota]] |year=1978 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=256 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Nayak (title)|Nayak]]<ref name=":0" /> in [[Maratha Empire]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=109 - 120 |language=en}}</ref> ===Chauhan Kolis=== The '''Chauhan'''<ref>{{Cite book|last=Roy|first=Shibani|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ|title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar|date=1983|publisher=Cosmo Publications|year=1983|location=Delhi, India|pages=98|language=en}}</ref> also spelled as '''Chouhan''' and '''Chohan''' is a [[clan]] of the [[Talpada]] and [[Patels|Patel]] [[Koli people|Kolis]] of the [[Gujarat]] and [[Rajasthan]] states in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Perez|first=Rosa Maria|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GDRWAglUumEC&dq=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80&pg=PA71|title=Kings and Untouchables: A Study of the Caste System in Western India|date=2004|publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]]|year=2004|isbn=978-81-8028-014-6|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=71|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Doshi|first=Shambu Lal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WEMkAQAAIAAJ|title=Anthropology of Food and Nutrition|date=1995|publisher=Rawat Publications|year=1995|isbn=978-81-7033-278-7|location=[[Delhi]], India|pages=67|language=en}}</ref> The indian historian ''L. S. Vishwanath'' states that before the [[Independence of India]], Kolis of Chauhan clan made the [[Marital relationship|marital relations]] with poor [[Rajput|Rajputs]] because poor Rajputs were not able to pay heavy burden of [[Dowry]] to marry their daughters so they married with elite Koli families of Chauhan, Rathod and Solanki clans and then Kolis claimed to be [[Kshatriya]] called as Nava Kshatriya.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Vishwanath|first=L. S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ukDAQAAIAAJ|title=Female Infanticide and Social Structure: A Socio-historical Study in Western and Northern India|date=2000|publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation|year=2000|isbn=978-81-7075-057-4|location=New Delhi, India|pages=38|language=en}}</ref> The Chauhan kolis ruled over petty [[Princely state|princely states]] of [[Katosan State|Katosan]] and [[Likhi State|Likhi]] in [[Mahi Kantha Agency]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t9UgAAAAMAAJ|title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India|date=1985|publisher=Usha Publications|year=1985|location=New Delhi, India|pages=64–198|language=en}}</ref> ===Khasia Kolis=== The '''Khasia''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singhji |first=Virbhadra |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=NYK7ZSpPzkUC&dq=Khasia+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=The Rajputs of Saurashtra |date=1994 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=1994 |isbn=978-81-7154-546-9 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=49: The Khasia Kolis near [[Mahuva]] or the [[Thakor|Koli - Thakarda]]s of Gujarat are same |language=en}}</ref> or '''Khasiya'''<ref name=":0" /> is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Dr. Shibani |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |year=1983 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=98: Clans of Kolis of Gujarat: Khamani, Khasia, Khambnani, Khomani, Khoraba, Gabu |language=en}}</ref> The Mahuva was the stronghold or controlled by Khasia Kolis but they were defeated by the [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]] Wakhatsinhji of [[Bhavnagar State]] and their controlled Territories of Mahuva, Kundla, [[Rajula]], [[Gadhada]] and [[Botad]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rajyagor |first=S. B. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-0pAAAAAMAAJ |title=History of Gujarat |date=1982 |publisher=S. Chand Publications |year=1982 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=378: Bhavnagar State under Vakhtsinhaji had conquered, [[Talaja]] from the [[Nawab]] of [[Khambhat]] and the strongholds of [[Mahuva]], Kundla , [[Rajula]], [[Gadhada]] and [[Botad]] from Khasia Kolis who were under nominal protection of Nawab of [[Junagadh]]. |language=en}}</ref> Khasiya Kolis were pirates in Gujarat ocean and lived by piracy.<ref name=":0"/> The Khasia Kolis of Gujarat got their name from Khas village in Ranpur [[Regions of Gujarat|region]] of [[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]] [[List of districts of Gujarat|district]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=DQFnsgkrkG8C |title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India |date=1985 |publisher=Usha Publications |year=1985 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=487 |language=en}}</ref> The Khasia Kolis around [[Mahuva, Bhavnagar|Mahuva]] in [[Gohelwar|Gohilwad]] district, had marital relations with [[Gohil dynasty|Gohils]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=RY1uAAAAMAAJ |title=Division and Hierarchy: An Overview of Caste in Gujarat |last2=Desai |first2=Ishwarlal Pragji |date=1988 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1988 |isbn=978-81-7075-008-6 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=60 |language=en}}</ref> [[Juna Padar]] and [[Shevdivadar]] were ruled by Kolis of Khasia clan<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=c70MAAAAIAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA706&dq=Khasia+Koli&hl=en&redir_esc=y |title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency ... |date=1884 |publisher=Printed at the Government Central Press |language=en}}</ref> ===Pattikar Kolis=== The '''Pattikar''', or '''Patekar''', '''Pattekar''' and '''Patikar''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]] and neighbouring Territories.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=100: Clans of Mahadev Kolis of Maharashtra: Patekar, Padhole, Jadhav, Jadhav, Chaudhary, Gabale.... |language=en}}</ref> In 1761, The Pattikar Kolis with the help of [[Bhangare Kolis|Bhangare]] and [[Khade Kolis|Khade]] [[List of Koli people|Kolis]] captured the [[Forts in India|fort]] of [[Trimbak]] from [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]] [[Princely state|state]] and gave it to [[Peshwa]] ([[Prime Minister of India|Prime minister]]) of [[Maratha Empire]].{{sfn|Ghurye|1957|pp=12|ps=}} They were led by [[Kheroji Pattikar]] who was serving in Maratha Empire and was rewarded with grants of villages and a large sum of money.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=104 |language=en}}</ref> ===Chivhe Kolis=== The '''Chivhe''', or '''Chive'''<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=esAIAAAAQAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA430&dq=Chive+Koli&hl=en&redir_esc=y |title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Poona (3 pts.) |date=1885 |publisher=Government Central Press |language=en}}</ref> is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]]. Chivhe Kolis were [[Nayak (title)|Naiks]] of [[Purandar Fort|Purandar]] [[Forts in India|fort]] served in [[Maratha Empire]] of [[Shivaji]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Guha |first=Sumit |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=KHa7DwAAQBAJ&dq=Chivhe+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=History and Collective Memory in South Asia, 1200–2000 |date=2019-11-01 |publisher=[[University of Washington Press]] |year=2019 |isbn=978-0-295-74623-4 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=93 - 96 - 191 |language=en}}</ref> Chivhe Kolis were soldiers, cultivators and [[Vatandar]] in Maratha Empire and also in [[Bidar Sultanate|Bidar]] [[Deccan sultanates|Sultanate]] and received the title of [[Sarnaik]] from Bidar [[Badshah]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Guha |first=Sumit |url=http://archive.org/details/environmentethni0000guha |title=Environment and ethnicity in India, 1200-1991 |date=1999 |publisher=[[New York]] : [[Cambridge University Press]] |others=Internet Archive |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-521-64078-7 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=110 - 119}}</ref> The Chivhe Kolis of [[Purandar Fort|Purandar]] revolted against the [[Peshwa]] government because of the appointing of new [[Sarnaik]] named Abhaji [[Purandare]] who was a [[Brahmin]] by [[Caste system in India|caste]]. Chivhe Kolis were not in favour of Abhaji Purandare because they were [[Vatandar]] and Purandare was controlling their rights on land. Thereupon, Abhaji Purandare dismissed all of them and appointed fresh fortkeepers. After that 400 Chivhe Kolis entered and captured the fort by killing officers and took control of [[garrison]]. a duty imposed on the surrounding villages. they brought out their weapons and proceeded to seize control of the fort on 7 May 1764. Five days later they took the fort of Rudramal. Interestingly, they appointed a [[Brahman]], Visaji Kesava to superintend affairs within the fort. They also began to appropriate the state and private property in the fort for safe-keeping. [[Peshwa]] [[Raghunath Rao|Raghunathrao]] had went to fort to worship the temple but there peshwa was captured by them. Finally, the garrison despatched horsemen and began to collect tribute from adjoining regions. Reproved for this, Kondaji Naik Chivhe wrote to the Peshwa: ‘''Then how is the master’s fort to be safeguarded by us on empty stomachs?''’; and demanded a years’ pay and pro visions. The infuriated Raghunathrao despatched [[Maratha (caste)|Maratha]] troops to punish the insurgents Kolis but [[Maratha Army|Maratha army]] was unable to enter the fortresses controlled by Chivhe Kolis. Peshwa began seizing the families of the insurgents (Chivhe Kolis), beating and maltreating the women and children, and burning villages.The insurgents were quite aware of the tensions between Raghunathrao and his nephew, and sent a delegation with protestations of loyalty to the camp of [[Madhavrao I|Madhavrao]], then on the [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]] frontier. Raghunathrao’s attempts for repression also failed to the insurgents, who had ‘taken the tiger- hunters’ oath’, and he now decided to win over the garrison to his side by reinstating them.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Guha |first=Sumit |url=http://archive.org/details/environmentethni0000guha |title=Environment and ethnicity in India, 1200-1991 |date=1999 |publisher=[[New York]] : [[Cambridge University Press]] |others=[[Internet Archive]] |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-521-64078-7 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=112 - 114 |language=[[English language|English]]}}</ref> ===Mewasi Kolis=== The '''Mewasi''', or '''Mevasi''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhatnagar |first=Rashmi Dube |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=FK6_l2_TCfgC&dq=Mevasi+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Female Infanticide in India: A Feminist Cultural History |last2=Dube |first2=Renu |last3=Dube |first3=Reena |date=2012-02-01 |publisher=[[State University of New York Press]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-7914-8385-5 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=266 |language=en}}</ref> '''Mehwasi'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Krishan |first=Shri |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=SM9jDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT46&dq=Mehwasi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj38Z6KyZP6AhVSXHwKHYWzDyMQ6AF6BAgFEAE#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Political Mobilization and Identity in Western India, 1934-47 |date=2005-04-07 |publisher=SAGE Publishing India |year=2005 |isbn=978-93-5280-307-1 |location=New Delhi, India |language=en}}</ref> is a Clan (Gotra) of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]]. The Koli chieftains of villages populated by Kolis were titled as ''Mewasi'' because of their rebellious activities against [[List of Maratha Rulers|Maratha]] and [[Mughal emperors|Mughal]] rulers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kohli |first=Atul |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=wAMABAAAQBAJ&dq=Mewasi+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=India's Democracy: An Analysis of Changing State-Society Relations |date=2014-07-14 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-4008-5951-1 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=267 |language=en}}</ref> In that days, Mewasi word was used to describe the unruly, turbulent and violent person but during [[British Raj]], Mewasi was used for Koli chieftains in rebellions against British rule as a hero.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1995 |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=200 |language=en}}</ref> Koli Mewasis liked the independent rule of self so they always fought against their [[Raja|Rajas]], [[Maharaja|Maharajas]] and other rulers. Koli Mewasis often plundered the villages to collect the revenue.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=dwluAAAAMAAJ |title=Dominance and State Power in Modern India: Decline of a Social Order |date=1989 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1989 |isbn=978-0-19-562098-6 |edition=2nd |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=66 |language=en}}</ref> In the fifteenth century , the early [[Sultan|Sultans]] of [[Ahmedabad]] attempted to subjugate the Koli Mehwasis; but they were met with such a sturdy resistance from those chiefs, who were naturally helped by the wild nature of their Koli chiefs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Patel |first=Govindlal Dalsukhbhai |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=c3kuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Indian Land Problem and Legislation |date=1954 |publisher=N. M. Tripathi |year=1954 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=78 |language=en}}</ref> Firozkhan II ruled at [[Palanpur State|Palanpur]] from 1707-1719, during which period he attacked and took [[Tharad]] which was ruled by Koli chieftain, subdued the Koli Mewasis of Sur Bhakhri, Kidotar and [[Dabhel|Dabhela]] and extended his territory.<ref>{{Cite book |url= |title=The Palanpur Agency Directory |date=1919 |publisher= |year=1919 |edition=2nd |location=[[Mumbai]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]] |pages=20 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Rewa Kantha Agency|Rewakantha]] settlements were made during the regime of [[Sayaji Rao I Gaekwad|Sayajirao]]. these areas were constantly disturbed by the depredations of the Koli Mehwasis, and the maintenance of law and order in these areas became a challenge for Baroda government.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kamerkar |first=Mani |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=zmMfAAAAMAAJ |title=British Paramountcy: British-Baroda Relations, 1818-1848 |date=1980 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=1980 |isbn=978-0-940500-75-4 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=33 |language=en}}</ref> Here are some prominent subclans of Koli Mewasis: [[Baria]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Patel |first=Govindlal Dalsukhbhai |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=L0A_AAAAIAAJ |title=Agrarian Reforms in Bombay: The Legal and Economic Consequences of the Abolition of Land Tenures |date=1950 |publisher=the Author |year=1950 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=50 |language=en}}</ref> The villages which were ruled or controlled by rebellious [[List of Koli people|Koli]] chieftains and inhabited by turbulent Kolis were called ''Mewasi Villages'' by [[Mughal emperors|Mughal]] rulers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=zePZAAAAMAAJ |title=Exploring India's Rural Past: A Gujarat Village in the Early Nineteenth Century |date=2002 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-19-565732-6 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=28 |language=en}}</ref> The Barmuvada, Chhapra, Khumarwad were most notable Mewasi villages and their Koli chieftains were recieving ''Giras'' dues from Radhvanaj rulers.{{sfn|Shah|2002|pp=39}} The [[British Raj|British]] government always faced the trouble in Mehwasi areas and used the troops to collect the annual revenue.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gidwani |first=Vinay Krishin |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7B5NAQAAMAAJ |title=Fluid Dynamics: An Essay on Canal Irrigation and the Processses of Agrarian Change in Matar Taluka (Gujarat). India |date=1996 |publisher=[[University of California, Berkeley]] |year=1996 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=165 - 167 |language=en}}</ref> ===Baria Kolis=== The '''Baria Koli''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Enthoven |first=Reginald Edward |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=FoT6gPrbTp8C&pg=PA65&dq=Baria+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiSornIiPL2AhVESWwGHV7oDUc4ZBDoAXoECAgQAw#v=onepage&q=Baria%20Koli&f=false |title=The Tribes and Castes of Bombay |date=1990 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |year=1990 |isbn=978-81-206-0630-2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=65 |language=en}}</ref> or '''Baraiya,'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yājñika |first=Acyuta |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=wmKIiAPgnF0C&pg=PA304&dq=Baraiya+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiI1pjfj_L2AhUs4zgGHZHwAEQQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Baraiya%20Koli&f=false |title=The Shaping of Modern Gujarat: Plurality, Hindutva, and Beyond |last2=Sheth |first2=Suchitra |date=2005 |publisher=[[Penguin Books India]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-14-400038-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=304 |language=en}}</ref> '''Bareeya'''<ref name=":1"/> and '''Bariya'''<ref name=":0"/> is a [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|clan]] of the [[List of Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian State]] of [[Gujarat]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=A community called Koli - Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/a-community-called-koli------------------------/214908/ |access-date=2022-04-01 |website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref> and [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gopal |first=Krishna |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pQfgAAAAMAAJ |title=Fairs and Festivals of India: Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra |date=2003 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |year=2003 |isbn=978-81-212-0811-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=35 |language=en}}</ref> the [[Devgadh Baria|Devgad Baria]] was their Stronghold or given their name to [[Baria State]] in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Desai |first=Anjali H. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=gZRLGZNZEoEC&dq=Baria+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=India Guide Gujarat |date=2007 |publisher=India Guide Publications |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-9789517-0-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=184 |language=en}}</ref> according to the historian '''Y.V.S Nath''', the ruling royal family of [[Baria State]] is original [[Koli people|Koli]] by caste but later they claimed to be of [[Rajput]] origin to be in high status among other [[Princely State]]s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nath |first=Y. V. S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=eXEbAAAAMAAJ |title=Bhils of Ratanmal: An Analysis of the Social Structure of a Western Indian Community |date=1960 |publisher=[[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]] |year=1960 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=65: presence in these regions, by explaining that they came in the wake of the founders of the present ruling houses of Bariya State and other estates in the area. The latter however claim to be Rajputs today, though the local traditions give them a Koli extraction." Till recently, most of the thakurdari and ankadi rights in these States were held by Bariya Kolis. Some of them even claim kinship with the Rulers of Baria and the Thakurs of Ratanmal. |language=en}}</ref> According to the census records of 1931, there were 1,03,769 [[Hindus|Hindu]] Baria Kolis and 5 Baria Kolis were converted to [[Jainism|Jain]] [[Religion in India|religion]] in the [[Baroda State]] of [[Gaekwad dynasty|Gaekwars]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1995 |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=188 |language=en}}</ref> The Baria Kolis got their name from the [[Devgadh Baria]] of Gujarat and it was their Stronghold as well as they were lawless and turbulent people.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=RY1uAAAAMAAJ |title=Division and Hierarchy: An Overview of Caste in Gujarat |last2=Desai |first2=Ishwarlal Pragji |date=1988 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1988 |isbn=978-81-7075-008-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=7 |language=en}}</ref> Historically, the Baria Kolis were well known [[Koli piracy in India|pirates]] of Gujarat and the [[Piram Island|Piram]] [[island]] of Gujarat was stronghold of Baria Koli pirates but later they were defeated by [[Mokhadaji Gohil]] in 1325.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singhji |first=Virbhadra |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=NYK7ZSpPzkUC&dq=Baria+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=The Rajputs of Saurashtra |date=1994 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=1994 |isbn=978-81-7154-546-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=39 |language=en}}</ref> [[Rawal]] [[Bhavsinhji II|Bhavsinhji]] of [[Bhavnagar State|Bhavnagar]] died in 1764, leaving behind him five sons, and the eldest of and these, Akherajji I, succeeded as Ruler of the State. At this juncture the fort of [[Talaja, Bhavnagar|Talaja]] was in the hands of Baria Koli pirates, a ment lawless band of pirates who infested the western littoral from [[Cambay State|Cambay]] to the [[Indus River|Indus]]. Their unjust exactions pressed so heavily upon merchants in that locality that the large trade previously carried on was almost entirely ruined, even British ships falling ment then sent [[Troop|troops]], which were assisted by Rawal Akherajji and his army, and it was their combined forces which captured the stronghold of Talaja and defeated the Baria clan of Koli pirates.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bond |first=J. W. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=47sfj8DUwNgC&dq=Baria+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey |last2=Wright |first2=Arnold |date=2006 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-81-206-1965-4 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=371 - 376 |language=en}}</ref> During the [[British Raj|British]] Raj in Gujarat, The Baria Kolis were holders of Vanta lands (private estates).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Clark |first=Alice Whitcomb |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PQFtAAAAMAAJ |title=Central Gujarat in the Nineteenth Century: The Integration of an Agrarian System |date=1979 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin--Madison]] |year=1979 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=354 - 355 |language=en}}</ref> the Bariya Kolis were formerly known as Bandits because of their anti-social activities but later settled as agriculturist in villages.<ref name=":0" /> Around 1950, Kolis of Baria clan joined the [[Gujarat Kshatriya Sabha]] which was started by Koli elite [[Natwarsinh Solanki]] for upliftment of Koli society.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghosh |first=Buddhadeb |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=zleOAAAAMAAJ |title=State Politics and Panchayats in India |last2=Kumar |first2=Girish |date=2003 |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |year=2003 |isbn=978-81-7304-487-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=95 |language=en}}</ref> after joining the Sabha, Baria Kolis were not in conflicts against [[Rajput|Rajputs]] but Kolis of [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] didn't joined the Sabha because they think that [[Patidar]] is not our enemy and we don't need Rajputs to be called as [[Kshatriya]].<ref name=":1" /> ===Shial Kolis=== The '''Shial''', or '''Shiyal''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]]. They were noted [[Koli piracy in Gujarat|pirates]] of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond Brady |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=rs5JDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PT94&dq=Shials+Kolis&hl=en&redir_esc=y |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |language=en}}</ref> Shial Kolis defeated and captured the Shial island from [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]] [[Portuguese India Armadas|India]] and make it their stronghold along with [[Chanch, Gujarat|Chanch]] but later they were defeated by [[Nawab]] of [[Janjira State|Janjira]] and [[Jafarabad State|Jafrabad]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Department |first=Great Britain Hydrographic |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=jIZKh-zoF-0C&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA36&dq=Shial+Kolis&hl=en&redir_esc=y |title=The West India Pilot |date=1987 |publisher=J. D. Potter. |year=1987 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=36 |language=en}}</ref> during the [[World War I]], they were enlisted as soldiers in [[British Indian Army]] by [[British Raj|British Indian government]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Duk2AQAAMAAJ |title=A Short Record of Bombay Recruiting During the Great War |date=1919 |publisher=Printed at the Government Central Press |year=1919 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=17 |language=en}}</ref> The Shial Kolis got their name from the Shial [[island]] situated at south coast of [[Kathiawar]].<ref name=":0"/> == Titles (Upadhi) == === Koli Khedut === The '''Khedut''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1457&dq=Khedut+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiLz8zJhMeHAxUNk1YBHeHkFvAQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-0-19-563357-3 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=1457 |language=en}}</ref> or '''Khedoot''' is a [[Title|term]] or [[Indian honorifics|title]] used for the [[Koli caste|Koli]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Silverberg |first=James |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Peasant_Behavior_and_Its_Caste_relevancy/bvA0AQAAIAAJ?hl=en |title=Peasant Behavior and Its Caste-relevancy: The Kolis of Kasandra |date=1962 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin]] |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=147 |language=en}}</ref> [[caste]] of [[Gujarat]] who were traditional [[farmer]] and [[Peasant|peasants]] or [[Landlord|landlords]] [[Koli rebellion|Kolis]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chand |first=Faquir |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lS-vD6l8cO8C&pg=PP19&dq=Khedut+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiLz8zJhMeHAxUNk1YBHeHkFvAQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=People of India: Daman and Diu |last2=Sinha |first2=N. K. |date=1992 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7154-762-3 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kumar Suresh |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/People_of_India/1lZuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=People of India: India's communities |date=1998 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-0-19-563354-2 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=1775: They are non-vegetarian and their staple food includes bajra, rice and fish. The Koli have three endogamous divisions based on occupation, namely Macchi Koli, '''Khedut Koli''' and [[Kadia (term)|Kadia Koli]]. |language=en}}</ref> During the [[British Raj]] in [[India]], The Koli Kheduts of [[Nawanagar State|Navanagar State]] were worstly affected by the high rates of interest by [[Loan|moneylenders]] of [[Navanagar]] Riyasat for the loan given by them to Koli Kheduts for agriculture.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gujarat (India) |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Gazetteers_Jamnagar_District/jUZuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Gazetteers: Jamnagar District |date=1970 |publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=264 |language=en}}</ref> The Khedut Kolis was represented and uplifted by their '''Gujarat Koli Khedut Samaj''' organisation till 1967 along with other castes such as [[Rajput|Rajputs]], landowning [[Bhil|Bhils]] and poor [[Patidar|Patidars]] in minor numbers but in 1969 [[Indira Gandhi]] of [[Indian National Congress]] party Introduced the [[KHAM theory]] as vaste politics for [[Koli Patel|Koli]], [[Dalit|Harijan]], [[Adivasi]] and [[Muslims]] with a [[Koli rebellion against Maratha empire|Koli]] leader [[Madhav Singh Solanki|Madhavsinh Solanki]] and mobilized the [[Other Backward Class]] Kolis to form the [[Government of Gujarat|government in Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kumar |first=Pramod |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Polluting_Sacred_Faith/v4raAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Polluting Sacred Faith: A Study on Communalism and Violence |date=1992 |publisher=Ajanta Publications |isbn=978-81-202-0370-9 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=158 |language=en}}</ref> The meaning of the Khedut is peasant of farmer which is called as Kisaan in [[hindi]] [[Languages of India|language]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bayly |first=Susan |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=HbAjKR_iHogC&pg=PA385&dq=Khedut+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiLz8zJhMeHAxUNk1YBHeHkFvAQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age |date=2001-02-22 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-79842-6 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=385 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Feeding_the_Baniya/8EsfAQAAIAAJ?hl=en |title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India |date=1996 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-563956-8 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=XV |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Darbar === The '''Darbar''', '''Durbar''' or '''Darbar Sahib''' is a [[honorific]] [[title]] of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref name=":0"/> During the reign of [[Maratha Empire]] and [[British Raj|British Indian Empire]], Koli Darbars were petty rulers of several villages and jagirs and known as '''Pallavi Darbar Sahib''' and '''[[Thakor|Koli Thakor]]''' for their landholdings.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Raymond Brady |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rs5JDwAAQBAJ&q=Palavi+Darbars+Koli |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=In north Gujarat certain Kolis are located and are classed as '''Palavi Darbars''' in social usage and '''Koli Thakors''' in official records. they were chieftains of one or more villages in the Maratha and British regimes. The [[Chunvalia Koli]]s have twenty-one sub-divisions |language=en}}</ref> The Kolis who were enjoying the power called '''Koli Darbar''' often use ''Sang'', ''Singh'' and ''Sinh'' as their middle name.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1995 |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=139:[[Koli people|Koli]]s enjoying power were called '''Koli Darbar'''. Generally the name of a member of this stratum ends with the suffix sang, [[singh]], or sinh (literally, lion) as for instance, Takhesang, Jashvantsingh, and Fulsinh |language=en}}</ref> according to the [[Harald Tambs-Lyche]], the Kolis who respected as '''Darbar Sahib''' were not agriculturist like other Khedut Kolis (Farmer Kolis) of Gujarat and generally follow the [[Kshatriya]] ways of Koli society.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tambs-Lyche |first=Harald |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ntuAAAAMAAJ |title=Power, Profit, and Poetry: Traditional Society in Kathiawar, Western India |date=1996-12-31 |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-7304-176-1 |location=[[New Delhi]], India, Asia |pages=132 |language=en}}</ref> The Koli Darbars of north [[Gujarat]] made several vast gathering under their '''''Koli society organisations''''' to uplift their society and educational interests.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url= |title=Mobility among Koli kshatriyas |date=1989 |publisher=Hindustan Publication Corporation |year=1989 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=184:The Koli Darbars of north Gujarat have begun their own conventions for bringing about social reform, educational uplift, and economic well-being in their own circles. One such meeting was held at Bahucharaji on |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Maratha === The '''Maratha Koli'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA561&dq=Maratha+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjwmcf--fWGAxUYdmwGHebVBVY4WhDoAXoECAoQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-0-19-563357-3 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] in [[Maharashtra]] who fought for [[Maratha Empire|Maratha Confederacy]] during the [[Maratha dynasty|Maratha ruler]] [[Shivaji]] and for their bravery, Shivaji recognised them as [[Maratha Koli|Maratha]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sadasivan |first=S. N. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Be3PCvzf-BYC&pg=PA245&dq=Sultan+Kolis&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjujrGP6euCAxUhSGwGHRntC784KBDoAXoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=A Social History of India |date=2000 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7648-170-0 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=245: Sivaji was given unstinted support for his military operations by the swordsmen belonging to the Hill [[Koli people|Koli]]s of [[Bavan Maval|Mawal]] who were made later on Marathas by him. The Brahmins did not protest at this upgradation because in spite of their conversion, the Hill Kolis remained as Sudras within the Sudras. |language=en}}</ref> according to the '''[[Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency|District Gazetteer of Thane]]''' from 1882, The elite or respectable Koli families were called as Maratha Koli in Maharashtra.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hansen |first=Thomas Blom |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Bf5ZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA31&dq=Maratha+Kolis&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjPidrP_PWGAxX0SmwGHdpHCdU4ChDoAXoECAgQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Wages of Violence: Naming and Identity in Postcolonial Bombay |date=2018-06-05 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn=978-0-691-18862-1 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=31 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hansen |first=Thomas Blom |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=iRAj9NnMdYgC&pg=PA31&dq=Maratha+Kolis&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjPidrP_PWGAxX0SmwGHdpHCdU4ChDoAXoECAQQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Violence in Urban India: Identity Politics, 'Mumbai', and the Postcolonial City |date=2005 |publisher=[[Permanent Black]] |isbn=978-81-7824-120-3 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Bandkari === The '''Bandkari''', or '''Bundkari''' is a [[title]] conferred to the [[Koli caste|Koli]] chief of [[Dacoity|dacoits]] or [[Revolution|revolutionaries]] of [[Maharashtra]] till 1960.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=96 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Krishan |first=Shri |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7sOGAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA146&dq=Bandkaris+Kolis&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwioqvqnwfT2AhW7RmwGHatMCqwQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=Bandkaris%20Kolis&f=false |title=Political Mobilization and Identity in Western India, 1934-47 |date=2005-04-07 |publisher=SAGE Publications India |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-321-0208-3 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=146 |language=en}}</ref> if a person pleasure the Koli heros call them as '''Bandkari''' but when want to degrade calls them '''Daku'''.{{sfn|Hardiman|2007|p=140}} ==== Origin ==== The meaning of Bandkari is revolutionary or leader of [[Koli rebellion|revolt]]. The ''Band'', or ''Bund'' means revolt (rebellion) and ''Kari'' means leader or a person of position.{{sfn|Hardiman|2007|p=102}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=8EsfAQAAIAAJ |title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India |last2=Hardiman |first2=Professor of History David |date=1996 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-19-563956-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=Xiii |language=en}}</ref> According to a [[19th century]] [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-[[English language|English]] [[dictionary]], Band meant either [[Rebellion|insurrection]], [[sedition]], or an [[Insurgency|insurgent]], a rebel. A 'Bandkhorvala' or 'Bandkari' was a [[Rebellion|rebellious]] person. Until the 19th century, the title appears to have been associated exclusively with revolts against the [[Princely state|state]] or other ruling powers. Revolts by Mahadev Kolis were all described as Bands. [[List of districts of Maharashtra|Regions]] which were outside the control of the [[Maratha Koli|Maratha]] [[Maratha Empire|state]] were known as 'Bandi Mulk'. During the course of the nineteenth century, the title evolved, being associated increasingly with the activities of [[Peasant|peasants]] rebelling against social oppression. Today, the people of the mountain regions describe the Koli outlaws as Bandkaris. This is not a word that appears in the nineteenth-century records. The title is applied now not so much to a rebel against the state, but to a person who has put himself outside the law to fight the social oppressors of his caste. He thus enjoys the support of the caste as a whole. In this, the Bandkari is distinguished today from the [[Daku]], or dacoit, who is seen as being involved in illegal activities primarily for his own gain, and who does not enjoy popular support. In English. we may say that the contrast, as it now exists, is between the social bandit, as defined by [[Eric Hobsbawm]], and the mere 'robber' or 'thief who belongs to a professional underworld. When outsiders wish to denigrate the heroes of the Kolis, they call them Dakus. In this section of the essay, I shall examine the tradition of the Band in the pre colonial and early colonial periods, seeing how it had begun to change by 1830, and then go on in the following section to see how this tradition fed into the revolt of Raghu Bhangare.{{sfn|Hardiman|2007|p=102}} ==== Diffrence between Bandkari and Dacoit ==== The Bandkari is thus different from the dacoits of the professional underworld. Intrinsic to the varying significance is a complex interplay of power, benefit and dissent with agenda and alliances of convenience. * Dacoits looted the people for their livelihood but a Bandkari looted only rich or bad people. * Dacoits collected the looted goods for self but a Bandkari distribute the looted goods in needed or poor people. * Dacoits generally attacked the people but a Bandkari plundered the rich or high profile person in response to punish him. === Koli Dharala === The '''Dharala''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yājñika |first=Acyuta |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=wmKIiAPgnF0C&pg=PA304&dq=Dharala+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi8lcvTn_j2AhU53jgGHY33CksQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=Dharala%20Koli&f=false |title=The Shaping of Modern Gujarat: Plurality, Hindutva, and Beyond |last2=Sheth |first2=Suchitra |date=2005 |publisher=[[Penguin Books India]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-14-400038-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=304 |language=en}}</ref> or '''Dhurala''' is a [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|title]] used by [[List of Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] of [[Gujarat]], [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|Dadar and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]] who were professional soldiers and were experts in sword fighting.<ref name=":0"/> during the [[British Raj]] in India, the 80% of the total population of of Kolis in [[Kheda district]] were Dharala.<ref name=":0" /> the Koli Dharalas plundered the [[British Raj|British]] trading ships because they were turbulent and considered as bad tribe.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drew |first=John |date=2021-12-06 |title=The Christmas the Kolis took to cricket |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/views/in-focus/news/the-christmas-the-kolis-took-cricket-2910376 |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> the Koli Dharalas also served in [[British Indian Army]] as trackers and village guard and were occasionally used as soldiers in wartime by British government in return of sum.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=Jyotindra |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=nuPWAAAAMAAJ |title=Folk Art and Culture of Gujarat: Guide to the Collection of the Shreyas Folk Museum of Gujarat |last2=Gujarat |first2=Shreyas Folk Museum of |date=1980 |publisher=Shreyas Prakashan |year=1980 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=133 |language=en}}</ref> The most of the Koli Dharalas were from [[Patanvadia Koli|Patanvadia]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tambs-Lyche |first=Harald |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5ntuAAAAMAAJ |title=Power, Profit, and Poetry: Traditional Society in Kathiawar, Western India |date=1996-12-31 |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-7304-176-1 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=130: a significant number of Patanvadia Kolis were Dharala in kaira district |language=en}}</ref> [[Talapada Koli|Talapada]] subcaste of Kolis eho were prosperous and respected in society and ruled over petty [[Princely State]]s during British regime.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Saṅghavī |first=Nagīnadāsa Purushottamadāsa |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=zDRwAAAAMAAJ |title=Gujarat: A Political Analysis |date=1995 |publisher=[[Centre for Social Studies]] |year=1995 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=71:Dharala Koli who were of Talapada subcaste of Koli caste - s are the most prosperous group amongst the community and enjoy the highest status within the community because a few of them were petty princes during the British regime . A group of castes ( 25 % ) of Hindus ... |language=en}}</ref> ==== Dharala Vero ==== The Dharala Vero was a type of tax collected by Kolis of Gujarat to allowed the other caste people to live in their villages.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Clark |first=Alice Whitcomb |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=dzNtAAAAMAAJ |title=Central Gujarat in the Nineteenth Century: The Integration of an Agrarian System |date=1979 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin--Madison]] |year=1979 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=72 |language=en}}</ref> in 1920, the [[Mahatma Gandhi|Mahatma]] [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhi]] tried to reform the Koli Dharalas to get ride of Anti social activities such as gang Robberies and tax collection from other caste people.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lzWFAAAAIAAJ |title=Peasant Nationalists of Gujarat: Kheda District, 1917-1934 |date=1981 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1981 |isbn=978-0-19-561255-4 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=174 |language=en}}</ref> ==== Origin or meaning ==== The title of Dharala is taken from the '''Dhar''' (Sharpness) of a sword's edge. Dharala means experts of sword fighting.{{sfn|Chaturvedi|2007|p=30}} ==== Clans ==== The most of the Koli Dharalas were belong to the [[Baria Koli|Baria]] clan of Kolis.{{sfn|Clark|1979|p=138}} === Koli Deshmukh === The '''Deshmukh''' is a [[Indian honorifics|title]] used by the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] of [[Maharashtra]]. The ruling royal [[List of Koli people|Koli]] of [[Surgana State]] held the title of Deshmukh respectively.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lethbridge |first=Sir Roper |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7iOsNUZ2MXgC&pg=PA521&lpg=PA521&dq=Deshmukh+Koli&source=bl&ots=Zl3ggwjgwV&sig=ACfU3U0apb8D2PDM5dwv6U8EUCrDKfIRXw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjyrI7KuvD2AhXrTGwGHSh6AQw4PBDoAXoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=Deshmukh%20Koli&f=false |title=The Golden Book of India: A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and Other Personages, Titled Or Decorated of the Indian Empire |date=2005 |publisher=Aakar Books |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-87879-54-1 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=521 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Waghmare |first=Abhishek |date=2018-04-14 |title=Why Maharashtra farmers walked 170 km and how their strike played out |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/how-the-maharashtra-farmers-strike-played-out-and-why-they-walked-170-km-118041100370_1.html |access-date=2022-03-31}}</ref> the title Deshmukh mostly used by Mahadev Kolis who ruled over several [[Princely state|Princely States]] before [[Indian independence movement|Independence of India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=103 |language=en}}</ref> most of the influenced Koli families conferred the titles of Deshmukh, [[Patwari|Patvari]] and [[Patel]] by ruler of their territories.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Provinces (India) |first=Central |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4ScmAQAAIAAJ |title=Akola |date=1910 |publisher=Printed at the [[Pioneer Press]] |year=1910 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=116: Kshatriya Kolis are those who belong to deshmukh , patel , or patwāri families , while the rāja , royal , subdivision includes the Rāja of Jawhār in Bombay Presidency. |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Patil === The '''Patil'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kumar Suresh |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4bfmnmsBfQ4C&pg=PA1884&dq=Patil+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv9IuN_fr5AhXpFLcAHcoPBW4Q6AF6BAgJEAE#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Maharashtra |last2=Bhanu |first2=B. V. |last3=India |first3=Anthropological Survey of |date=2004 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=2004 |isbn=978-81-7991-102-0 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=1884 |language=en}}</ref> also known as '''Gaonpatil''' and '''Sarpatil'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Punekar |first=Vinaja B. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=VOU9AAAAIAAJ |title=The Son Kolis of Bombay |date=1959 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1959 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=301 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[Indian honorifics|title]] used by [[Koli people|Koli]] chiefs of villages in [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=132 - 133: A Koli Patil of his own village of Devgaon let him, Bhau Dungar and Khundu Sable hide out in a cattle shed which he kept in the mountains of Baglan, on the border with Khandesh. In September , after the monsoon was over, Raghu ... |language=en}}</ref> the [[Janjira State|Janjira]] island was built and fortified by Koli chieftain [[Ram Patil]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ali |first=Shanti Sadiq |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-3CPc22nMqIC&pg=PA158&dq=Patil+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv9IuN_fr5AhXpFLcAHcoPBW4Q6AF6BAgBEAE#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times |date=1996 |publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]] |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=158 |language=en}}</ref> Koli Patils sometimes called as '''Gaonpatil''' which means 'village head' and it is found among both [[Hindus|Hindu]] and [[Koli Christians|Christian Kolis]]. Patil is hereditary title to the Koli families of Maharashtra.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Kalpana |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=6RJWYfvHBCQC&pg=PA43&dq=Patil+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv9IuN_fr5AhXpFLcAHcoPBW4Q6AF6BAgFEAE#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Rediscovering Dharavi: Stories from Asia's Largest Slum |date=2000 |publisher=[[Penguin Books India]] |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-14-100023-7 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=43 |language=en}}</ref> In Koli society, there were several types of Patil<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Frederick Bruce |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=S9dmbS_n9UEC |title=Adaptation to Colonial Rule by the "wild Tribes" of the Bombay Deccan, 1818-1880: From Political Competition to Social Banditry |date=1978 |publisher=[[University of Minnesota]] |year=1978 |location=New Delhi, India |language=en}}</ref> * Police Patil: Police Patil was a service position in Kolis during [[British Raj]] and [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] rule. Kolis who were serving as in-charge of police knowns as Police Patil.{{sfn|Sharma|1978|pp=148}} * Zemidar Patil: the Kolis who were village headman or landlord were known as [[Zamindar|Zemidar]] Patil. They recieved the grants of villages from rulers for their services in [[Princely state|Princely states]], kingdoms and [[Deccan sultanates|Sultanates]].{{sfn|Sharma|1978|pp=149}} * Samajik Patil: the Koli people who were responsible to maintain order in Koli society and promote their problems were called as Samajik Patil.{{sfn|Sharma|1978|pp=317}} Kolis of Maharashtra served in Maratha Empire and a Koli Patil who was naval chief in [[Maratha Navy]] named [[Laya Sarpatil|Laya]] was honoured by [[Shivaji]] with the title of [[Patil (surname)|Sarpatil]] and grants of villages for his courageous actions and [[Siddi|Siddis]] of [[Murud-Janjira|Janjira]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khandpekar |first=Neeta M |date=September 2018 |title=India's Maritime History: Sea-faring groups and Maritime Icons |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327829489_India%27s_Maritime_History_Sea-faring_groups_and_Maritime_Icons |journal=Reasearchgate |via=[[University of Mumbai]]}}</ref> === Koli Patel === The '''Patel'''<ref name=":0"/> is a [[Surname]] of the [[Koli people|Koli]] caste of [[Gujarat]] in [[India]] which have most importance in the [[Politics of Gujarat]] and Koli Patels of [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] was most benefited under the rule of [[Indian National Congress]] party.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhatt|first=Himansshu|last2=Nov 23|first2=Melvyn Thomas / TNN /|last3=2012|last4=Ist|first4=23:07|title=Koli Patels have their say in south Gujarat {{!}} Surat News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/koli-patels-have-their-say-in-south-gujarat/articleshow/17341369.cms|access-date=2021-09-07|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Desai|first=Akshayakumar Ramanlal|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Ubk4qXLI9AQC&dq=Koli+Patel&source=gbs_navlinks_s|title=State and Repressive Culture: A Case Study of Gujarat|last2=D'Costa|first2=Wilfred|date=1994|publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=1994|isbn=978-81-7154-702-9|location=New Delhi, India|pages=12|language=en}}</ref> Koli Patels are recognised as a [[Other Backward Class]] caste by [[Government of Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Baviskar|first=B. S.|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PLmGAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA417&lpg=PA417&dq=Koli+Patel&source=bl&ots=gSFhy7ghbp&sig=ACfU3U2eWW_dBloSAmqsXEBEXk7VNrIUrw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjgqoHT6OzyAhUY7XMBHfeWCDw4RhDoAXoECBwQAg#v=onepage&q=Koli%20Patel&f=false|title=Inclusion and Exclusion in Local Governance: Field Studies from Rural India|last2=Mathew|first2=George|date=2009-01-14|publisher=SAGE Publications India|year=2009|isbn=978-81-321-0089-8|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=416 - 17|language=en}}</ref> Koli Patels are [[Agriculturist]] by profession and own the high [[Landed property|landholding]] in villages.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Baumgartner|first=Ruedi|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ndRjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT227&lpg=PT227&dq=Koli+Patel&source=bl&ots=AIoJM0CJUd&sig=ACfU3U2AzB9PuamsiigdVW5B0TINaf8nbA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi30IyZ6uzyAhVnILcAHUFtCmg4WhDoAXoECBYQAg#v=onepage&q=Koli%20Patel&f=false|title=In Search of Sustainable Livelihood Systems: Managing Resources and Change|last2=Hogger|first2=Ruedi|date=2004-08-10|publisher=SAGE Publishing India|isbn=978-93-5280-266-1|language=en}}</ref> Koli Patels also call himself as [[Mandhatri|Mandhata]] [[Patel]] and Mandhata Koli Patel and those who have migrated to [[East Africa]] are Businessman and civil servants.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hahlo|first=Ken|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=UKybDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT113&lpg=PT113&dq=Koli+Patels&source=bl&ots=TvX012f7xa&sig=ACfU3U3w8Ld3LIzem2UWQ6WMrYFtnDdoCg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwirkKul8OzyAhUs4nMBHR9mAJE4RhDoAXoECBYQAg#v=onepage&q=Koli%20Patels&f=false|title=Communities, Networks and Ethnic Politics|date=2018-08-10|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2018|isbn=978-0-429-86435-3|location=India|language=en}}</ref> ==== Clans ==== Some of the well known Clans of Koli Patels are here.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Perez|first=Rosa Maria|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=GDRWAglUumEC&dq=Koli+Patel&source=gbs_navlinks_s|title=Kings and Untouchables: A Study of the Caste System in Western India|date=2004|publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]]|year=2004|isbn=978-81-8028-014-6|location=New Delhi, India|pages=71|language=en}}</ref> * [[Chauhan clan|Chauhan]] * [[Makwana]] * [[Rathore|Rathod]] === Koli Kotwal === Among members of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]], Kotwal is a title, derived from the occupation of fort-keepers or protectors of forts and village leader.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Somanaboina |first1=Simhadri |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H5tIEAAAQBAJ&dq=Kotwal+Koli&pg=PT443 |title=The Routledge Handbook of the Other Backward Classes in India: Thought, Movements and Development |last2=Ramagoud |first2=Akhileshwari |date=2021-11-15 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |year=2021 |isbn=978-1-000-46280-7 |location=New Delhi, India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=B. S. S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PuydzvIol0gC&pg=PA161&dq=Kotwal+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjv0dX64aL7AhVMSmwGHS-aCnc4FBDoAXoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Television for Rural Development |date=1992 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |year=1992 |isbn=978-81-7022-377-1 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=161 |language=en}}</ref> Even when a Koli man retired as a kotwal, he and his descendants would use "Kotwal" as a surname as it signified prestige.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zePZAAAAMAAJ |title=Exploring India's Rural Past: A Gujarat Village in the Early Nineteenth Century |date=2002 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-19-565732-6 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=82–91 |language=en}}</ref> Kolis were Kotwal from the times of Mughal rule in Gujarat<ref>{{Cite book |last=Khān |first=ʻAlī Muḥammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P-ZjAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Mirat-i-Ahmadi: A Persian History of Gujarat |date=1965 |publisher=[[Oriental Institute]] |year=1965 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=831 |language=en}}</ref> and were hereditary Kotwal of the royal palaces of [[Rajkot State|Rajkot]], [[Morvi State|Morvi]] and [[Bhavnagar State|Bhavnagar]] [[Princely state|Princely states]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4_htAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Vanyajāti |date=1989 |publisher=Bharatiya Adimjati Sevak Sangh. |year=1989 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=26 |language=en}}</ref> Kolis of Maharashtra also served as Kotwal in [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]] and controlled the forts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shyam |first=Radhey |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5C4hBqKdkEsC&pg=PA376&dq=Kotwal+Kolis&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiEvY3D6KL7AhVhUWwGHTCICOQ4HhDoAXoECAsQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The Kingdom of Ahmadnagar |date=1966 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publications |year=1966 |isbn=978-81-208-2651-9 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=376 |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Girasia === The '''Girasia''', or '''Garasia''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Clark |first=Alice Whitcomb |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dzNtAAAAMAAJ |title=Central Gujarat in the Nineteenth Century: The Integration of an Agrarian System |date=1979 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin--Madison]] |year=1979 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=55: Koli garasias would often " hire a land from the manager of a village , trusting to the timidity of the other villagers , declare that it was O 1,57 famiiy , bapita , land |language=en}}</ref> '''Girasiya''' and '''Garasiya''' is a [[Indian honorifics|title]] used by the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Tribal chief|chieftains]] of petty [[Princely state|states]] or [[Jagir|Jagirdars]] who held the villages as ''Giras'' granted by rulers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bayly |first=Susan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HbAjKR_iHogC&dq=Girasia+Koli&pg=PA84 |title=Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age |date=2001-02-22 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-521-79842-6 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=84 |language=en}}</ref> the most of the [[Chunvalia Koli]]s held the title of Girasia and they worshipped the [[Hindus|Hindu]] goddess [[Shakti]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Enthoven |first=Reginald Edward |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eRkuXFD93zsC&dq=Girasia+Koli&pg=PA5 |title=Folk Lore Notes: Folklore of Gujurat |date=1989 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |year=1989 |isbn=978-81-206-0485-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=5 |language=en}}</ref> The Koli Garasiya were [[tributary]] to the ruler of state who gave the Giras.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hardiman |first1=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EsfAQAAIAAJ |title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India |last2=Hardiman |first2=Professor of History David |date=1996 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-19-563956-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=178 |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Pagi === The '''Pagi''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=EjORKo7maRUC&pg=PA168&dq=Pagi+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiFyJyhx_T2AhWzxzgGHeQBDtE4ChDoAXoECAgQAw#v=onepage&q=Pagi%20Koli&f=false |title=The Structure of Indian Society: Then and Now |date=2012-12-06 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-136-19770-3 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=168 |language=en}}</ref> or '''Pugee''' and '''Paghi'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Franco |first=Fernando |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=eioqAAAAYAAJ |title=The Silken Swing: The Cultural Universe of Dalit Women |last2=Macwan |first2=Jyotsna |last3=Ramanathan |first3=Suguna |date=2000 |publisher=Sangam Books Limited |year=2000 |isbn=978-81-85604-41-1 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=21 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|title]] used by [[List of Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] of [[Gujarat]] who were guard of village and served as detective for any [[List of Koli states and clans|ruler]] or chiefs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Silverberg |first=James |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bvA0AQAAIAAJ |title=Peasant Behavior and Its Caste-relevancy: The Kolis of Kasandra |date=1962 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin]] |year=1962 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=32 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Chunvalia Koli|Chunvalia]] Kolis adopted the profession of Pagi in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Shibani |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |year=1983 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=151: The Kolis also render their services to the entire village . Only Chuania (Chunvalia) Kolis adopt this traditional occupation of ' Pagi ' or village guard . |language=en}}</ref> a number of [[Talpada Koli|Talapada]] Kolis also served as Pagi and held the title as hereditary to family.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1995 |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=163 |language=en}}</ref> the title of Pagi also considered as inferior to [[Kotwal]] title of Kolis because some of Pagis worked as watchman so they was degraded in position.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=Jyotindra |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=nuPWAAAAMAAJ |title=Folk Art and Culture of Gujarat: Guide to the Collection of the Shreyas Folk Museum of Gujarat |last2=Gujarat |first2=Shreyas Folk Museum of |date=1980 |publisher=Shreyas Prakashan |year=1980 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=133 |language=en}}</ref> ==== Clans ==== The Talapada Kolis who served as Pagi adopted the [[Solanki (clan)|Solanki]] [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] in Radhvanaj of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=U8s0aBdDxEQC&pg=PA127&dq=Pagi+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjhvISfzPT2AhUpzDgGHfz-A284MhDoAXoECAcQAw#v=onepage&q=Pagi%20Koli&f=false |title=The Family in India: Critical Essays |date=1998 |publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]] |year=1998 |isbn=978-81-250-1306-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=127 |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Agariya === The '''Agariya''', or '''Agaria''' is a [[Indian honorifics|title]] of [[Chunvalia Koli|Chunvalia]] [[Koli people|Kolis]] who are [[Salt evaporation pond|salt farmers]] in [[Kutch district|Kutch]] [[List of districts of Gujarat|district]] of [[Gujarat]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chandra |first=Kavita Kanan |date=2017-02-24 |title=The salt farmers of wild ass country |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/the-salt-farmers-of-wild-ass-country/article17361838.ece |access-date=2022-07-23 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> in 2019, Koli Agariyas faces the great loss of salt trade because of the [[China–United States trade war|Trade war between China and United States of America]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gujarat Salt Industry Hit By US-China Trade War |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/special/gujarat-salt-industry-hit-by-uschina-trade-war/56519/1 |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref> They produce the 30% of the salt of the total of country.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Schooneveld |first=Inge van |date=2018-02-15 |title=The salt farmers of Little Ran of Kutch |url=https://sinchi-foundation.com/news/salt-little-ran-kutch/ |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Sinchi Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref> they were listed as [[Denotified Tribes|Criminal Tribe]] under [[Criminal Tribes Act]] of 1871 by [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British Indian government]] because of their [[Koli rebellions|rebellions]] against [[British Raj|British]] rule in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-10 |title=Education in the Desert: Field Notes from the Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat - Bhavna Harchandani |url=https://doingsociology.org/2022/04/10/education-in-the-desert-field-notes-from-the-little-rann-of-kutch-gujarat-bhavna-harchandani/ |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Doing Sociology |language=en-US}}</ref> The Koli Agariyas were [[Land tenure|landowners]] of the land of [[Little Rann of Kutch]] but in 1978 this area was declared as [[Indian Wild Ass Sanctuary|Wild Ass Sanctuary]] by [[Government of Gujarat]] and their lands were captured by Gujarat government.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Deepak |first=Sharanya |title=Will election change fate of the Agariyas of Gujarat? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2017/12/9/will-election-change-fate-of-the-agariyas-of-gujarat |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Koli Agariyas demanding recognition as farmers and an assurance that they have a legal right on [[Little Rann of Kutch]] land for salt farming to get the benifit like agriculture farmers such as money package and releif for natural calamities like flood.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Research sweetens deal for saltpan workers - Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/research-sweetens-deal-for-saltpan-workers/822350/2 |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref> ==== Clans ==== Here are some of the clans used by Agariya title holder Kolis of Kutch, * [[Jhala (clan)|Jhala]] * [[Makwana (clan)|Makwana]] * [[Jadav]] * [[Chudasama]] * [[Chauhan]] * [[Parmar]] * Rangpara * Munjapara * [[Zinzuwada|Jhinjhuvadia]] * [[Katosan State|Katosana]] ==== Classification ==== The Koli Agarias are classified as [[Other Backward Class]] by [[Government of Gujarat]] but in past they were notified as [[Denotified Tribes|Criminal Tribe]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |last3= |last4= |last5= |last6=Apps |first6= |title=Lok Sabha polls: Post-Rahul Gandhi visit, Congress all set to hand over salt-pan workers to BJP on platter |url=https://www.counterview.net/2014/03/lok-sabha-polls-post-rahul-gandhi-visit.html |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Counterview}}</ref> ==== Organisations ==== * Agariya Hitrakshak Manch<ref name=":0" /> === Koli Behera === The '''Behera''' or '''Dal Behera''' is a title of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[Koli rebellion|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Odisha]]. [[Koli Patel|Kolis]] of Odisha who were chief of villages used the '''Behera''' as a title.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ghosh |first1=G. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1xbRLoG5MAkC&dq=koli+behera&pg=PA156 |title=Indian Textiles: Past and Present |last2=Ghosh |first2=Shukla |date=1995 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7024-706-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Ghosh|first=G. K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UjpuAAAAMAAJ|title=Orissa: The Dazzle from Within (art, Craft and Culture of Orissa)|publisher=Ashish Publications|year=1993|isbn=978-81-7024-593-3|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=197: Behera is the hereditary title of Koli headman and the Behera of Koli village can be only Koli|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Thurston|first=Edgar|title=Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Kōli - Wikisource, the free online library|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Castes_and_Tribes_of_Southern_India/K%C5%8Dli|access-date=2022-02-07|website=en.wikisource.org|language=en}}</ref> === Koli Rana === The [[Koli people|Kolis]] of India used the [[Indian honorifics|title]] of '''Rana''' and ruled over [[Princely state|Princely State]] of [[Shevdivadar]]<ref>{{Cite book|author-link=Roper Lethbridge |last=Lethbridge |first=Roper |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7iOsNUZ2MXgC&dq=Rana+Koli&pg=PA501 |title=The Golden Book of India: A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and Other Personages, Titled Or Decorated of the Indian Empire |publisher=Aakar Books |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-87879-54-1 |location=[[New Delhi]], India, Asia |pages=501: [[Shevdivadar]], The Rána is a [[Koli people|Koli]] (aboriginal) Chief, ruling over a territory of 1 square mile, with a population of 246, chiefly [[Hindus]]. Residence - Shevdivadar, [[Kathiawar]], [[Bombay]] |language=en}}</ref> and [[Sinhagad]] [[Forts in India|fort]] was ruled by [[List of Koli people|Koli]] Rana [[Nag Nayak of Sinhagad|Nag Nayak]] who challenged the [[Delhi Sultanate|Delhi sultanate]]'s [[Sultan]] [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kale |first=Rohit Pralhadrao |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k8hcDwAAQBAJ&dq=nag+Nayak+Koli&pg=PT58 |title=Rajwata: Aavishkar Gad Killayacha |date=2018-05-24 |publisher=FSP Media Publications |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=Sinhagad was captured from the Koli tribal chieftain, Nag Naik, by Muhammad bin Tughlaq in 1328 AD. Shahaji Bhosale, as the commander of Ibrahim Adil Shah I, was entrusted with the control of the Pune region. His son Shivaji, however |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mehta |first=Jaswant Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=82puAAAAMAAJ |title=Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India: 1000-1526 A.D |date=1986 |publisher=[[Sterling Publishers]] |isbn=978-81-207-0573-9 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=197: Sultan was told that Nag Nayak, Rana of Kondhana (Sinhgad, near Poona ) did not pay tribute of Delhi . ' On his orders, the fortress was besieged by a contingent of the royal army ; it was defended gallantly by |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Mansabdar === The '''Mansabdar''', or '''Mansubdar''' is a Military [[Indian honorifics|title]] used by the [[List of Koli people|Kolis]] of [[Maharashtra]] during the reign of [[Maratha Empire]], [[Mughal Empire]] and [[Deccan Sultanates]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Frederick Bruce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9dmbS_n9UEC |title=Adaptation to Colonial Rule by the "wild Tribes" of the Bombay Deccan, 1818-1880: From Political Competition to Social Banditry |publisher=[[University of Minnesota]] |year=1978 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=283: Once in the Rajur jail of [[Maratha Empire]], the prisoner was confined under the guard of Javji Naik Mansabdar's men. Javji Naik Bambale , the Koli Mansabdar of the Naikwari Police , was the son of Devji Naik by his wife |language=en}}</ref> the Koli chiefs of Maharashtra held the good position of [[Sardar]] and '''Mansabdar''' in [[Bahamani Sultanate]] and [[Ahmednagar Sultanate]]'s military.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hassan |first=Syed Siraj ul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lYSd-3yL9h0C&dq=Mansabdar+Koli&pg=PA332 |title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |year=1989 |isbn=978-81-206-0488-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=332 |language=en}}</ref> the most prominent Koli Mansabdar in [[Maratha Empire]] was [[Javji Bamble]] who was Mansabdar of Rajur and was close aide to [[Tukoji Rao Holkar|Tukoji Holkar]] of [[Indore State]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yang |first=Anand A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DroEAQAAIAAJ |title=Crime and Criminality in British India |date=1985 |publisher=Association for Asian Studies |isbn=978-0-8165-0951-5 |pages=174: The best example is the career of a Koli named [[Javji Bamble]] , who was appointed Mansabdar after playing [[Nana Fadnavis]] off against [[Tukoji Holkar]] in the 1770s |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Sardar === The '''Sardar''' is a [[Indian honorifics|title]] used by the [[List of Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] of [[Maharashtra]] during the reign of [[Bahmani Sultanate|Bahamani]] and [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate|Ahmednagar]] [[Deccan sultanates|Sultanates]] conferred by the [[Sultan]]s of Both sultanates to the Koli [[Subedar|fortkeeper]] or Koli protecters of hilly tracts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hassan |first=Syed Siraj ul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lYSd-3yL9h0C&dq=Koli+Sardars&pg=PA332 |title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions |publisher=Asian Educational Services |year=1989 |isbn=978-81-206-0488-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=332: The Koli country was then known as Bávan Mávals, or fifty - two valleys, each under a naik . These naiks held a good position, both in the Bahamani and in the Ahmednagar kingdoms, ranking among the nobles called ' Sardars ' and Mansabsar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Behera |first=Maguni Charan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rVS9DwAAQBAJ&dq=koli+Sardar&pg=PA46 |title=Tribal Studies in India: Perspectives of History, Archaeology and Culture |date=2019-11-09 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-981-329-026-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=[[Bahamani Sultanate|Bahamani]] [[Sultan]]s conferred the title of Sardar to the Koli chiefs who held the charge of hilly tracts |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Heredia |first1=Rudolf C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mYKAAAAAMAAJ |title=Mobile, and Marginalized Peoples: Perspectives from the Past |last2=Ratnagar |first2=Shereen |publisher=Manohar Publications |year=2003 |isbn=978-81-7304-497-7 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=160: Raja Vikramajit, Shahjahan's governor of Gujarat, had to conduct an expedition in 1622 against some Kolis north of Ahmedabad who had ... The Bahmanis conferred the rank of Sardar on Koli chiefs who held charge of hill tracts |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Frederick Bruce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9dmbS_n9UEC |title=Adaptation to Colonial Rule by the "wild Tribes" of the Bombay Deccan, 1818–1880: From Political Competition to Social Banditry |publisher=University of Minnesota |year=1978 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=158–360: The men to be appointed over these jurisdictions were to be selected from among the existing Koli Sardars (men of influence), whom this official characterized both as having " acquired rank and substance |language=en}}</ref> == See more == * [[Koli dance]] == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Koli clan, Koli title}} [[Category:Koli]] 6fvmvtn3ugi818op0kop90f9rnf68m7 10367568 10367546 2025-07-02T12:05:50Z 103.240.170.83 /* Major clans and surnames */ 10367568 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''[[Koli caste|Koli]]''' is a Indian [[caste]] mostly found in the Indian states of [[Gujarat]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]], [[Goa]], [[Telangana]], [[Daman and Diu]] and [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]. Here are the information about [[Koli rebellion|Koli]] [[Clan|clans]] ([[Gotra]]) and [[Title|titles]] (Upadhi): Before the [[Indian independence movement|Independence of India]], in Gujarat, the Bhil women were [[Concubinage|Concubines]] for the [[Koli Patel|Koli]] [[Tribal chief|landlords]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nath |first=Y. V. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eXEbAAAAMAAJ |title=Bhils of Ratanmal: An Analysis of the Social Structure of a Western Indian Community |publisher=[[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]] |year=1960 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=62: in Pipergota, a ruler is having a Dhanaki concubine for a number of years. But he does not live with her. He accepts no food from her. So his purity is unaffected and be remains a member of the higher society. Quite a few Bhilala land holders have Naika woman their concubines and in Baria, such relations are said to exist between the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]]s and [[Bhil]] women. |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=[[Vadodara|Baroda]] |first=[[Maharaja Sayajirao University]] of |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JNFUXvF9gywC&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Sociological Monograph Series |date=1960 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=62: in Pipergota, a ruler is having a Dhanaki concubine for a number of years. But he does not live with her. He accepts no food from her. So his purity is unaffected and be remains a member of the higher society. Quite a few Bhilala land holders have Naika woman their concubines and in Baria, such relations are said to exist between the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]]s and [[Bhil]] women. |language=en}}</ref> [[File:A Coolie Chieftain.jpg|thumb|A [[portrait]] of a [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[Tribal chief|chieftain]] of [[Dahewan]] by [[James Forrestal|James Forbes]], 1813]] == Clans (Gotra) == === Vala Kolis === The '''Vala''', or '''Wala''' is a Koli [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) found in the [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[Gujarat]] in [[India]]. They claim to be the earliest [[Koli people|Koli]] settlers in [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]], and are descendants of Dhan Mer who was son of Koli [[Tribal chief|chieftain]] [[Sonang Mer]], who defeated the ruler of the [[Vala State|Vala]] kingdom ([[Vallabhi|Valabhi]]) of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kumar |first=Satinder |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qtkjAQAAIAAJ |title=Encyclopaedia of South-Asian Tribes: The Kinnaura - The Korwa |date=2000 |publisher=Anmol Publications |isbn=978-81-261-0517-5 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |page=1557 |quote=The Talapada Koli are divided into exogamous clans, Four of those clans, Merh, [[Chauhan]], [[Makwana (clan)|Makwana]] and Bhaliya are considered superior and the rest clans namely [[Rathod (surname)|Rathod]], Vala, Heera and [[Solanki (clan)|Solanki]] are placed below them |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aRdOAQAAMAAJ |title=The Scheduled Castes |date=1995 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-563742-7 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[India]] |page=576 |quote=The Talapada Koli are divided into exogamous clans. Four of those clans, Merh, [[Chauhan]], [[Makwana (clan)|Makwana]] and Bhaliya are considered superior and the rest clans namely [[Rathod (surname)|Rathod]], Vala, Heera and [[Solanki (clan)|Solanki]] are placed below them |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Jain |first1=Jyotindra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nuPWAAAAMAAJ |title=Folk Art and Culture of Gujarat: Guide to the Collection of the Shreyas Folk Museum of Gujarat |last2=Gujarat |first2=Shreyas Folk Museum of |date=1980 |publisher=Shreyas Prakashan |location=[[New Delhi]] |page=6 |quote=It has been noted that the famous Koli Dhanmer whose descendants became known as Vala Koli |language=en}}</ref> ===Sord Kolis=== The '''Sord dynasty''' was a ruling dynasty of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] in [[Gujarat]] who ruled over Idar [[Princely state|state]] for two generations.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=iChFAQAAMAAJ |title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India |date=1985 |publisher=Usha Publications |year=1985 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=428 - 429 |language=en}}</ref> This dynasty was founded by the [[Thakor]] Hathi Sord, who belonged to the [[Koli rebellion|Koli]] caste.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-03 |title=Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 13, page 325 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library |url=http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V13_331.gif |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=web.archive.org |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303190502/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V13_331.gif |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ananta) |first=Rudra (Son of |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ICIVAAAAIAAJ&dq=sord+kolis&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Rudrakavi's Great Poem of the Dynasty of Rāṣṭrauḍha: Cantos 1-13 and 18-20 |publisher=Brill Archive |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=10 |language=en}}</ref> Hathi Sord was a [[vassal]] in the Eder state, but Amarsingh [[Parmar]], the ruler of the Eder state, was killed in a battle after which Hathi Sord took over as the ruler of the Eder state. [[Maharaja]] Hathi Sord ruled peacefully till his death, and after his death his only son, Prince Samwaliya Sord, took the [[throne]] of Idar.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bruyne |first=Jenny Leonora de |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=EigTAQAAIAAJ |title=Great poem of the dynasy of rastraudha |date=1968 |year=1968 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=10 |language=en}}</ref> Maharaja Sanvalia Sord appointed a [[Nagar]] [[Brahmin]] as the commander of the army of the state of Idar but Commander was jealous of the maharaja, Due to which the commander became with the [[Rathore caste|Rathore]] [[Rajput|Rajputs]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=d. 1917 |first=Whitworth, George Clifford |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7tAOAAAAQAAJ&dq=sord+kolis&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=An Anglo-Indian Dictionary: A Glossary of Indian Terms Used in English, and of Such English Or Other Non-Indian Terms as Have Obtained Special Meanings in India |date=1885 |publisher=Kegan Paul, Trench |year=1885 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=299 |language=en}}</ref> The Senapati incited the Rathore Rajputs to attack the Maharaja but the Rajputs did not dare, after which the Senapati made a plan. According to the plan, the commander called Maharaja Sord for his daughter's wedding party and hid the Rajputs in the houses of neighbors. The Maharaja Sord was enjoying the feast with some of his ministers, when the Brahmin commander also gave him a banquet of liquor, due to which Maharaja Sord and his ministers and some special soldiers got drunk. The commander was waiting for this, the commander pointed to the Rathore Rajputs hiding in the neighboring houses and attacked the minister and soldiers including Maharaja Sord. It was the year 1300 and the Sord Dynasty of Idar came to an end this year.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Laade |first=Raj Bhusan |title=Ancient [[Gujarat]]: a view of [[Narada]] |year=2004 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=151 - 152 |language=[[English language|English]]}}</ref> Rathore Rajputs captured the idar from Kolis but later rathores was drove out by Rao Rajputs.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Y9DzmxWenNkC&dq=sord+kolis&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Asian Review |date=1887 |publisher=East & West |year=1887 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=147 |language=en}}</ref> ===Valakiya Koli=== The '''Valakiya'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Society |first=Gujarat Research |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Gujar%C4%81ta_Sa%E1%B9%83%C5%9Bodhana_Ma%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Da%E1%B8%B7anu/Iq0DT1lBgQcC?hl=en |title=Gujarāta Saṃśodhana Maṇḍaḷanuṃ Traimāsika: Journal of the Gujarat Research Society |date=1991 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=16:Kolis are [[Talpada Kolis|Talapda]]s, [[Khant Koli|Khant]]s, [[Chunvalia Koli|Chumvaliya]]s, Patanvadiyas, and [[Thakor|Thakarda]]s. Clans of Kolis [[Baria Koli|Boraiya]]s, Dalvadis, Ghediyas, Shiyals and Valakiyas. |language=en}}</ref> (also spelled as '''Valakia''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=Jyotindra |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Folk_Art_and_Culture_of_Gujarat/nuPWAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Folk Art and Culture of Gujarat: Guide to the Collection of the Shreyas Folk Museum of Gujarat |last2=Gujarat |first2=Shreyas Folk Museum of |date=1980 |publisher=Shreyas Prakashan |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=133: Kolis were noted pirates and were known by several names such as Gedia, Valakia, Baria and Talbada. |language=en}}</ref> '''Valankiya'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=General |first=India Office of the Registrar |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Census_of_India_1961/eCfs8vWwR50C?hl=en |title=Census of India, 1961 |date=1962 |publisher=Manager of Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=60: in the Gujarat, estates of Katosan, Ghodasar, Sathamba, Ilol, Satlasna, Tajpuri, Ramas and Punadara, etc, belonged to Koli chief. There are five septs among Kolis, viz, (1) Talapada Koli, (2) Chanvaliyu Koli (7) Ghediya Koll, (4) Valankiya Koli and (3) Khant Koli. in the State, Kolis are alas known from..... |language=en}}</ref> and '''Valakya''') is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of the [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] mostly found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Campbell |first=James M. |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Hindu_Castes_and_Tribes_of_Gujurat/FAXGpcEdbfUC?hl=en |title=Hindu Castes and Tribes of Gujurat |date=1988 |publisher=[[Vintage Books]] |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=245: Valakiya Kolis who take their name from Kathiawad's Valak village which was ruled by them, were noted pirates of Gujarat. |language=en}}</ref> Valakiya Kolis were [[Koli caste#Koli pirates|pirates]] by profession and ruled over Valak village of [[Surat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond Brady |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Swaminarayan_Hinduism/rs5JDwAAQBAJ?hl=en |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |language=en}}</ref> The Valakiya Kolis got their name from the Valak village in [[Kamrej]] [[tehsil]] of [[Surat]] [[List of districts of Gujarat|district]] in [[Gujarat]]. They ruled over Valak village and were noted [[Koli caste#Koli pirates|pirates]] by profession.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kennedy |first=Michael |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PEZCY_iK3GIC&pg=PA97&dq=Valakiyas+Kolis&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiIkP3vkduHAxXDsFYBHVM5MacQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The Criminal Classes in India |date=1985 |publisher=Mittal Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=97 |language=en}}</ref> ===Bhalia Kolis=== '''Bhalia'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Enthoven |first=Reginald Edward |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Tribes_and_Castes_of_Bombay/FoT6gPrbTp8C?hl=en |title=The Tribes and Castes of Bombay |date=1990 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |isbn=978-81-206-0630-2 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=93: Bhalia - A subdivision of Kolis in Gujarat. |language=en}}</ref> also spelled as '''Bhaliya'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1459&dq=Bhaliya+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjbvemPsNuHAxW0p1YBHb3JGw4Q6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=[[Anthropological Survey of India]] |isbn=978-0-19-563357-3 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=1460 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of the [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] mostly found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Somanaboina |first=Simhadri |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=H5tIEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT443&dq=Bhalia+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQ3oTMq9uHAxWOlFYBHWwIKAw4ChDoAXoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The Routledge Handbook of the Other Backward Classes in India: Thought, Movements and Development |last2=Ramagoud |first2=Akhileshwari |date=2021-11-15 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=978-1-000-46280-7 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |language=en}}</ref> In the census of 1931 in [[Vadodara|Baroda State]], the population of Bhalia Kolis was 27,437 alongwith Ghedia Kolis.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Thakors_of_North_Gujarat/1DBuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=188: Koli population of [[Baroda State]] including Bhalia Kolis, 1931 |language=en}}</ref> The Bhaliya clan is considered as superior clan among Kolis because they ruled over [[Bhal region]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Scheduled_Castes/aRdOAQAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=The Scheduled Castes |date=1995 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-563742-7 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=576 |language=en}}</ref> The Bhalia Kolis got their name from their homeland Bhal region of [[Gujarat]] which was ruled by them and was stronghold for their [[Koli caste#Koli pirates|Koli piracy]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Registrar |first=India Office of the |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Census_of_India_1961/X0awGlWj84cC?hl=en |title=Census of India, 1961 |date=1962 |publisher=Manager of Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=6 |language=en}}</ref> ===Popere Kolis=== The '''Popere''', or '''Popera''' is a [[clan]] of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=10 - 266 |language=en}}</ref> The ruling Koli [[dynasty]] of [[Jawhar State]] belong to the Popere [[clan]] of [[Mahadev Kolis|Mahadev]] [[Koli rebellion|Kolis]] of [[Konkan]] who established the rule over [[Jawhar]] in 1346 by Koli chief [[Jayaba Mukne|Jayaba Popere]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Shibani |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |year=1983 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=29 |language=en}}</ref> They are Agriculturist and noted for the militant spirit.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ralte |first=Lalrinawmi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CGYXb4sksawC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA180&dq=Popera+Koli&hl=en |title=Waging Peace, Building a World in which Life Matters: Festschrift to Honour Gabriele Dietrich |last2=Faria |first2=Stella |date=2004 |publisher=[[ISPCK]] |year=2004 |isbn=978-81-7214-798-3 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=179 - 180 |language=en}}</ref> ===Bokad Kolis=== The '''Bokad''' is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref name=":0" /> They served in the [[Maratha Empire]] and in 1769 - 70, Bokad Kolis received the grants of [[Jagir]] from [[Peshwa]] [[Madhavrao I|Madhavrao i]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year= |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=12 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gāre |first=Govinda |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vZciAAAAMAAJ |title=Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis |date=1976 |publisher=Shubhada Saraswat |year=1976 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=26 |language=en}}</ref> later, they served in [[British Raj|British Indian Empire]] at good positions such as [[Faujdar]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Omvedt |first=Gail |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7Q1uAAAAMAAJ |title=Cultural Revolt in a Colonial Society: The Non Brahman Movement in Western India, 1873 to 1930 |date=1976 |publisher=Scientific Socialist Education Trust |year=1976 |isbn=978-0-88386-922-2 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=141 |language=en}}</ref> ===Thorat Koli=== The '''Thorat Koli'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Verma |first=Balraj |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=53owAQAAIAAJ |title=The Beautiful India - Daman & Diu |date=2006 |publisher=Reference Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-81-8405-022-6 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=10: This prince lost his patrimony in [[Udaipur]] during a [[Muslim]] conquest and moved to the southern direction and , in the process , defeated the [[Koli]] Chief Natort of the Thorat clan of Kolis ) ; in doing so , he conquered a hilly area at ... |language=en}}</ref> ([[Marathi language|Marathi]]: थोरात) is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of [[Koli caste|Koli]] caste found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]] and [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhatt |first=S. C. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=3IWXh-6zDe8C&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA48&dq=Thorat+Koli&hl=en&redir_esc=y |title=Land and people of Indian states and union territories : (in 36 volumes) |date=2005 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-7835-356-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=48 |language=en}}</ref> The Thorat Kolis ruled over [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] till 1262.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gajrani |first=S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=33LiAAAAMAAJ |title=History, Religion and Culture of India |date=2004 |publisher=Isha Books |year=2004 |isbn=978-81-8205-062-4 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=33 |language=en}}</ref> but in 1262, Koli king Nag Thorat was defeated by Ramsing who was a [[Rajput]] from [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lele |first=Purushottam Shripad |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=L0MeAAAAMAAJ |title=Dadra and Nagar Haveli: Past and Present |date=1987 |publisher=Usha P. Lele |year=1987 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=4 |language=en}}</ref> later, Thorat Kolis lived by plundering.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=_wB_aqQ5ZrAC |title=History and Administration of Dharampur State (Prant Ramnagar): From 1262 to 1937 |date=1939 |publisher=President, State Council |year=1939 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=9 |language=en}}</ref> ===Pichad Kolis=== The '''Pichad''' is a [[clan]] of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=12: their forts in Prant [[Surgana]], District [[Nasik]], which was till then in the possession of Kolis. Koli Javji Bambale and bringing him under submission and service to the Peshwa along with his Koli - mates Khade , Bhangare and Pichad of [[Rajur]]. |language=en}}</ref> Pichad Kolis served in [[Maratha Empire]] as [[Subedar]], [[Mansabdar]] and [[Nayak (title)|Nayak]] but in 1776 - 77, they revolted against [[Peshwa]] government because of their deposition from posts but later Pichad kolis enlisted to their posts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=104 |language=en}}</ref> After establishment of [[British Raj|British]] [[Bombay Presidency|rule]] in Maharashtra, Pichad Kolis took up arms against British authorities under their [[Koli rebellion|Koli]] chief '''Balaji Pichad'''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=Neena Ambre |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=J_faAAAAMAAJ |title=Forest Ecology in India: Colonial Maharashtra, 1850-1950 |date=2008 |publisher=Foundation Books |year=2008 |isbn=978-81-7596-549-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=166 |language=en}}</ref> ===Solanki Kolis=== The '''Solanki Koli''' (also spelled as '''Saulanki Koli''') is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] mostly found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian states]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Rajasthan]] and [[Union territory|Union Territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1459&dq=Solanki+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjyhd3s4beGAxU1TWwGHfspA_cQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=[[Anthropological Survey of India]] |isbn=978-0-19-563357-3 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=1459 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Dr. Shibani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=98 |language=en}}</ref> The Solanki Kolis of Gujarat ruled over petty [[Princely state|Princely states]] in Chunval region (now [[Becharaji]]) of Gujarat named as [[Bhankodar|Bhankoda]], Kukvav, Chaniar and Dekavada [[Jagir|jagirs]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond Brady |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rs5JDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |language=en}}</ref> ===Babria (Bavalia) Kolis=== The '''Babria''', or '''Bavlia''' and '''Bavalia''' is a [[clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union Territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sherring |first=Matthew A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U2lehroNx1oC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA307&dq=Babria+Koli&hl=en |title=Hindu Tribes and Castes: As Represented in Benares ; with Illustrations |date=1879 |publisher=[[Thacker]] |pages=307 - 314 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sherring |first=Matthew Atmore |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=JmhDAAAAYAAJ&dq=Babria+Koli&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Babria |title=Hindu Tribes and Castes as Represented in Benares |date=1974 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |year=1974 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=314 |language=en}}</ref> Babria Kolis mostly found in the [[Babariawad]] region of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bartholomew |first=John George |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=v9McAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA29&dq=Babria+Kolis&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHwJTL-4H4AhU56nMBHbKECV8Q6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Babria%20Kolis&f=false |title=Constable's Hand-gazetteer of India |date=1898 |publisher=A. Constable |year=1898 |location=India |language=en}}</ref> the region of Babariawad of Gujarat got his name because of Babria Kolis.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burgess |first=James |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V15BAQAAIAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA12&q=Nawanagar+Kolis&hl=en |title=Report on the Antiquities of Kâṭhiâwâḍ and Kachh, Being the Result of the Second Season's Operations of the Archaeological Survey of Western India, 1874-75 |date=1876 |publisher=India Museum |year=1876 |location=India |pages=12 |language=en}}</ref> They mostly lived by plundering and Their plundering was called as '''Dhang'''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=d. 1917 |first=Whitworth, George Clifford |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7tAOAAAAQAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA84&q=Babria+Kolis&hl=en |title=An Anglo-Indian Dictionary: A Glossary of Indian Terms Used in English, and of Such English Or Other Non-Indian Terms as Have Obtained Special Meanings in India |date=1885 |publisher=Kegan Paul, Trench |year=1885 |location=India |pages=84 |language=en}}</ref> ===Dabhi Kolis=== The '''Dabhi'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=General |first=India (Republic) Office of the Registrar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-McAQAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Census of India, 1961 |date=1967 |publisher=Manager of Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=7: Chunvalia Kolis have 21 principal sub - divisions namely Abasania, Adhgama, Baroga, Basukia, '''Dabhi''', Dhamodia, Dhandhukia, Gohel, Jandaria ... |language=en}}</ref> ([[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]: ડાભી, [[Hindi]]: डाभी) is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Shibani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |year=1983 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=98 |language=en}}</ref> The Kolis of the Dabhi clan ruled over [[Ghorasar]] state during [[British Raj|British rule]] in India.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond Brady |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=rs5JDwAAQBAJ&vq=dabhi+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=The following is a list of the Koli [[Thakor|Thakorda]]s or lordlings in [[North Gujarat]]: the Solankis of Bhankoda, Chaniar, Dekavada, and Kukvav in Chunwal; the Makwanas of Katosan, Jhunjuvara, and Punar, the Rathods of Ghanti and Vaghpur on the banks of the Sabarmati; the '''Dabhis'' of Ghodasar in the Charotar; the Chauhans of Amliara in the Mahi Kantha; and the Vaghelas of Kankrej.... |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1995 |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=139 |language=en}}</ref> ===Makwana Kolis=== The '''Makwana Koli'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perez |first=Rosa Maria |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GDRWAglUumEC&q=Makwana+Koli |title=Kings and Untouchables: A Study of the Caste System in Western India |date=2004 |publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]] |isbn=978-81-8028-014-6 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=71: Three Koli Patel clans live in this village are Chauhan, Makwana and Rathod |language=en}}</ref> also spelled as '''Makawana Koli''', '''Makvana Koli''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kubala |first=Rameśa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qt21AAAAIAAJ |title=Gābīta Kshatriya Āramārī gharāṇyāñcā itihāsa |date=1983 |publisher=Kshatriya Kulāvatãsa Āramārī Marāṭhā Samāja |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=240: The Gazetteer states that the Chief of the State is a Makvana Koli |language=mr}}</ref> '''Makavana Koli''', '''Mukwana Koli''' and '''Mukawana Koli''' is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] mostly found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Shibani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=31: two clans of [[Koli people|Koli]]s are recognised: the Mar and '''Makwana'''. These are exogamous clans referred to as 'atak. Each 'atak' is further subdivided into sub clans referred to as 'gram echap,' in the local dialect. Besides the division of 'sacche Koli' the rest of the 222 'ataks' and those clans name are common to both the |language=en}}</ref> In 1931 census of [[Baroda State]], there were 20,700 Kolis of Makwana clan in the Baroda state's territory.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=188 |language=en}}</ref> Makwana Kolis mostly belong to the [[Hindus|Hindu]] faith but there are members of the community who converted to Islam during the reign of the invading [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] power in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gode |first=Parshuram Krishna |url= |title=Studies in Indian Cultural History |date=1969 |publisher=Vishveshvaranand Vedic Research Institute |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=51 |language=en}}</ref> Makwana Kolis are [[Land tenure|landholders]] and [[agriculturist]] by profession.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vidyabhusana |first=Satis Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6wW1AAAAIAAJ |title=Buddhadeba, arthāt̲, Gautama Buddhera sampūrṇa jībana carita o upadeśa |date=1996 |publisher=Karuṇā Prakāśanī |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=46 |language=bn}}</ref> Here are list of [[Princely State]]s ruled by Makwana Kolis, [[Katosan State]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chakrabarti |first=Jadab Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rpA2AAAAMAAJ&dq=makwana+Koli&pg=PA128 |title=The Native States of India |date=1895 |publisher=Shaw Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=128 |language=en}}</ref> [[Gabat State]]{{sfn|Gode|1969|pp=51}}, [[Punadra|Punadra State]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Department |first=India Foreign and Political |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-80NAAAAIAAJ&dq=makawan+Koli&pg=RA1-PA334 |title=A Collection of Treaties, Engagements, and Sanads Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries |date=1892 |publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=334 |language=en}}</ref> [[Hadol State]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3sEqCW4p2VgC |title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India |date=1985 |publisher=Usha Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=122–123 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Khadal State]]. Muslim Koli, The '''Muslim Makwana''', or '''Musalman Makwana''' (also spelled as '''Makawana''', '''Makvana''', and '''Makavana''') is a [[Muslim Kolis|Muslim Koli]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t9UgAAAAMAAJ |title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India |date=1985 |publisher=Usha Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=261: '''Makwana Kolis''' finally embraced the religion of the Islam. While narrating the rise of the Makwana Kolis it has been stated that Harpal, the son of Keshar Makwana, obtained several villages |language=en}}</ref> [[Caste system in India|caste]] in [[Gujarat]] who were converted to [[Islam]] from [[Hinduism]] during [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] rule in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Assadi |first=Muzaffar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M7HYEAAAQBAJ |title=Colonial and Post-Colonial Identity Politics in South Asia: Zaat/Caste Among Muslims |date=2023-11-24 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=978-1-003-80246-4 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages='''Makwana''' was a caste converted from the '''Hindu Makwana Koli''' tribe, Matias were Leva Kanbis converted by a Sufi saint of Pirana, Memons were those converted in the 15th century from the Luhan. and Kacchías caste. Panjnigara, cotton thread starchers, were converted from the Hindu social order bearing the same name |language=en}}</ref> Muslim Makwana Kolis are descendants of the Hindu Makwana Kolis of [[Chunvalia Koli|Chunval]] region who was converted to Islam and his descendants knows as Muslim Makwana Kolis in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jhala |first=Jayasinhji |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gSZqDwAAQBAJ |title=Genealogy, Archive, Image: Interpreting Dynastic History in Western India, c. 1090-2016 |date=2018-07-19 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |isbn=978-3-11-060129-9 |language=en}}</ref> They were converted to Islam by [[Sultan]] [[Mahmud Begada]] during his reign.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gujarat (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCYbAAAAIAAJ |title=Gujarat State Gazetteers: Kheda District |date=1977 |publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=110: Makwana Koli was converted to Islam by Mahmud Begada ( 1459- 1513 A. D. ) |language=en}}</ref> The Muslim Makwana Kolis follows the bath rituals of Islam and Hinduism like other hindus.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gujarat (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wIxhAAAAIAAJ |title=Gujarat State Gazetteers: Vadodara |date=1974 |publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=125: Makwana Kolis converted to Islam , and like them , observed a mixed Mahomedan and Hindu religions |language=en}}</ref> ===Satav Kolis=== The '''Satav''', or '''Sataw''' is a [[Gotra|clan]] of [[Malhar Koli|Malhar]] [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tribhuwan |first=Robin D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JC-014hKeKAC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA226&dq=Satav+Koli&hl=en |title=Fairs and Festivals of Indian Tribes |date=2003 |publisher=Discovery Publishing House |year=2003 |isbn=978-81-7141-640-0 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |language=en}}</ref> The Satav clan of [[Koli rebellions|Kolis]] was hereditary [[priest]] and responsible for [[Mahalakshmi Temple, Dahanu|Mahalaxmi]] temple of [[Dahanu]] and considered the Mahalakshmi as their clan deity.{{sfn|Tribhuwan|2003|pp=26}} Satav Kolis also served as the royal priest to the rulers of [[Jawhar State]].{{sfn|Tribhuwan|2003|pp=27}} ===Sonwane Kolis=== The '''Sonavane''', or '''Sonawane''' (also spelled as '''Sonvane''' and '''Sonwane''') is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=97 - 100: Clans of Mahadev Kolis: Sonavane, Bhangare, Ashvale, Shinghade, Mali, Shelar |language=en}}</ref> ===Shelkande Kolis=== The '''Shilkande''', or '''Shelkande''' and '''Shilkunda''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of the [[Maharashtra]] and neighbouring Territories.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=99 - 100: Clans of Mahadev Kolis of Maharashtra: Kadam, Rongate, Shilkande, Sabale, Joshi, Mane, Kavale, Pore ...... |language=en}}</ref> The Shilkunda Kolis revolted against [[Peshwa]] ([[Prime Minister of India|Prime minister]] of [[Maratha Empire]]) because of their [[land rights]] and cutoff the head of [[Patil (title)|Patil]] of Chovisi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=104 |language=en}}</ref> ===Satpute Kolis=== The '''Satpute''', or '''Sutpute''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Karve |first=Irawati Karmarkar |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=fRzVAAAAMAAJ |title=Group Relations in Village Community |last2=Damle |first2=Yashwant Bhaskar |date=1963 |publisher=S.M. Katre |year=1963 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=13: As regards the Kolis , there were in all 17 clans. The names of these Koli clans were as follows : -Asvale , Kudekar , Memane , Lohokare , Langhi , Vadekar , Kede , [[Jadhav]] , Satpute, Talape, Lokhande, Supe, Gaware, Kalute, Bhalinge, Bhavari and Yande. |language=en}}</ref> The Kolis of Satpute clan [[Koli rebellions|revolted]] against [[British Raj|British]] rule in [[List of districts of Maharashtra|Maharashtra]] under their [[List of Koli people|Koli]] chief Sakharam Satpute and captured the British offices and plundered the British controlled Territories in [[Konkan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=Neena Ambre |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=J_faAAAAMAAJ |title=Forest Ecology in India: Colonial Maharashtra, 1850-1950 |date=2008 |publisher=Foundation Books |year=2008 |isbn=978-81-7596-549-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=166 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hangloo |first=Rattan Lal |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=nwVuAAAAMAAJ |title=New Themes in Indian History: Art, Politics, Gender, Environment, and Culture |last2=Murali |first2=A. |date=2007 |publisher=[[Black & White]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-89320-15-7 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=391 |language=en}}</ref> ===Charavadia Kolis=== The '''Charavadia''', or '''Charvadia''' and '''Charawadia''' (also spelled as '''Charavadiya''',<ref name=":1" /> '''Charawadiya''', '''Charwadia''' and '''Charvadiya''') is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref name=":0"/> The Charavadia Kolis originated from Bokadthamba village and in 2019, Their population was 700 only and the Bokadthamba village is inhebited by only Charavadia clan of Kolis.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2019-09-14 |title=This is cursed village of Gujarat, people of only one surname live here |url= |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=News Track |language=English}}</ref> Around 1500 A. D., The ruler of [[Wankaner State|Wankaner]] [[Princely state|State]] gave the Bokadthamba village to four [[Chunvalia Koli|Chunvalia]] [[List of Koli people|Koli]] brothers and now Charavadias are descendants of those Koli brothers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ગુજરાતનું એક શ્રાપિત ગામ, જ્યાં અટક બદલતાની સાથે જ થાય છે આવી હાલત |url=http://sandesh.com/gujrat-cursed-bokadthambha-village-every-one-has-charavadia-surname/ |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=sandesh.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ગુજરાતનું એક શાપિત ગામ, 700ની વસ્તી પણ બધાની એક જ અટક! |url=https://www.iamgujarat.com/gujarat/rajkot/village-in-gujarat-where-everyone-has-one-same-surname/articleshow/75915201.cms |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=I am Gujarat |language=gu}}</ref> ===Kokate Kolis=== The '''Kokate''', or '''Kokata'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gāre |first=Govinda |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vZciAAAAMAAJ |title=Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis |date=1976 |publisher=Shubhada Saraswat Publications |year=1976 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=26 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=98: Clans of Mahadev Kolis: Lahure, Kokate, Bhoir, Konkane, Korade, Lote, Pote |language=en}}</ref> in 1776, Kokata Kolis [[Koli rebellions|revolted]] against [[Peshwa]] government in [[Maratha Empire]].<ref name=":0"/> The Kokote Kolis served in [[Maratha Empire]] as [[Subedar]] and [[Faujdar]]. The Koli subedar burnt down the rebellion of [[Gavli|Gavlis]] against Peshwa. ===Kirave Kolis=== The '''Kirave''', or '''Kirve''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]] and neighbouring areas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=kOU9AAAAIAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year= |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=97 - 99 - 103: clans of Mahadev Kolis: Bande, Kirave, Ghode, Popere, Shelke, Bambale |language=en}}</ref> in 1829, The Kolis of Kirwe clan revolted against [[British Raj|British]] rule in [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hassan |first=Syed Siraj ul |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lYSd-3yL9h0C&dq=Kirwa+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions |date=1989 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |year=1989 |isbn=978-81-206-0488-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=333 |language=en}}</ref> ===Kengale Kolis=== The '''Kengale''', or '''Kangle''' ([[Hindi]]: केंगले कोली) is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in the [[Maharashtra]] [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=98 - 99: clans of Mahadev Kolis: Jangale, Kengale, Khade, Gambhire, Kavate, Konkane, Mali..... |language=en}}</ref> The [[List of Koli people|Kolis]] of Kengle clan [[Koli Rebellions|revolted]] against [[British Raj|British]] [[British Army|rule]] and [[Sahu|Sahukars]], or [[Loan|Moneylenders]] in [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] in 1872 to 1876 under their chief.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Krishan |first=Shri |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7sOGAwAAQBAJ&dq=Kengle+Kolis&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Political Mobilization and Identity in Western India, 1934-47 |date=2005-04-07 |publisher=SAGE Publications India |year= |isbn=978-81-321-0208-3 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=146 |language=en}}</ref> ===Bhangare Kolis=== The '''Bhangare''', or '''Bhangre''' is a [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli people|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vidyarthi |first=Lalita Prasad |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=scgz0Uzn64YC&pg=PA163&dq=Bhangare+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiHmbbM74H3AhUPxosBHWHaDEkQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=Bhangare%20Koli&f=false |title=The Tribal Culture of India |last2=Rai |first2=Binay Kumar |date=1977 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |year=1977 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=163 |language=en}}</ref> Bhangare Kolis were granted the villages from [[Peshwa]] and served as [[Patil (title)|Patil]] and [[Deshmukh]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gāre |first=Govinda |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vZciAAAAMAAJ |title=Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis |date=1976 |publisher=Shubhada Saraswat |year=1976 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=26: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis Govinda Gāre. to the grant of jahagirs to the three Mahadeo Koli families , Bhangare , Bamble and Bokad and titles of Patil and Deshmukh by Peshwa |language=en}}</ref> in 1761 for [[Maratha (caste)|Maratha]] [[Maratha Empire|Empire]], Bhangare Kolis along with Pattikar Kolis captured the [[Trymbakgad|Trimbak]] [[Forts in India|fort]] from [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]] [[Princely state|state]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=12: An entry of A.D. 1769-70 in the Diary of [[Madhav rao I]] refers to the grant of villages to three Koli families, Bhangare, Bambale and Bokad, as reward. An entry for the year A.D. 1776-77 in [[Savai Madhavrao]]'s Diary refers to the breaking in of [[Javji Bamble|Jiwaji Bambale]] and bringing him under submission and service to the [[Peshwa]] along with prominent kolis Khade, Bhangare and Pichad of [[Rajur]]. these families those of Bhangare and Khade worked as daring [[Subedar]]s, along with Pattikar brothers of Koli caste, in the conquest from the Nizam, in A.D. 1761, of the fort of Trimbak for the Peshwa. |language=en}}</ref> ===Maliwad Kolis=== The '''Maliwad''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Commissioner |first=India Census |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=CAavHcdbFVwC |title=Census of India, 1931 |date=1933 |publisher=Manager of Publications |year=1933 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=510: Subdivisions of armed Kolis: Khant, Dharala, Maliwad, Damor....... |language=en}}</ref> or '''Malivad''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lal |first=R. B. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4Cy_-FXW9BQC&dq=Maliwad+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Gujarat |date=2003 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=2003 |isbn=978-81-7991-104-4 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=128: Clans of Kolis: Damor, Pagi, Maliwad, Chauhan |language=en}}</ref> During the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Rebellion of 1857]], The Maliwad Kolis of [[Khanpur, Gujarat|Khanpur]] in [[Lunavada State|Lunawara State]] revolted against [[Rana (title)|Rana]] of Lunawada under their Koli [[List of Koli states and clans|chieftain]] Suralmal of Khanpur. Because of [[Koli rebellions|Koli rebellion]], Rana sought help from [[British Raj|British]] government and [[British Indian Army|British troops]] under [[Major]] Buckle attacked at Maliwad Koli rebels and suppressed the rebellions.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ddUgAAAAMAAJ |title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India |date=1985 |publisher=Usha Publications |year=1985 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=819 |language=en}}</ref> In 1870, The Maliwad Kolis again raised and breakdown the peace in the state and British controlled Territories.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gujarat (India) |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=xYNhAAAAIAAJ |title=Gujarat State Gazetteers: Panchmahals |date=1972 |publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State |year=1972 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=130: Maliwads |language=en}}</ref> ===Mer Kolis=== The '''Mer''', or '''Mair'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chanchreek |first=Kanhaiyalal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MD8wAQAAIAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Kshatriyas in Buddha's Age: Ruling Races in Buddhist India |last2=Jain |first2=Mahesh Kumar |date=2008 |publisher=Shree Publishers & Distributors |isbn=978-81-8329-188-0 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=193: They were called at this time Mairs, a clan of Kolees, and [[Sonang Mer|Sonung Mair]] was their leader.... |language=en}}</ref> is a [[Clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond Brady |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rs5JDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Shibani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=31: The 222 ataks (Gotra) of [[Koli people|Koli]]s mentioned in the lineage chart are presumed to have been derived from [[Kshatriya]] clan names or from the names of the village from which the Kolis hail. Moreover, these "ataks' do not exhibit any type of heirarchic sub divisions. All of them have equal status below the Mer and [[Makwana (clan)|Makwana]] ataks (clans). |language=en}}</ref> During the reign of Koli chieftain [[Dhan Mer of Dhandhuka]], Mer Kolis were more powerful.<ref>{{Cite book |url= |title=[[Indian Antiquary]]: A Journal of Oriental Research in Archaeology, History, Literature, Languages, Folklore Etc |date= |publisher=[[Times of India]] |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=194 |language=en}}</ref> Mer Kolis of [[Dhandhuka]] defeated the [[Rajput|Rajputs]] of [[Vallabhi|Vallabhipur]] to restore the peace to the [[Brahmin|Brahmins]] of Vallabhipur.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pfeffer |first=Georg |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NEBLAAAAYAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Contemporary Society: Concept of tribal society |last2=Behera |first2=Deepak Kumar |date=1997 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7022-640-6 |location=[[New Delhi]] [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=199 |language=en}}</ref> ===Khade Kolis=== The '''Khade''', or '''Khare''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=99: Clans of Kolis of Maharashtra: Khade, Khokale, Jangale, Mali, Gode, Talpade, Shilakande |language=en}}</ref> Khade Kolis served in [[Maratha (caste)|Maratha]] [[Maratha Empire|Empire]] as [[Subedar]] and in 1761, Khade Kolis along with [[Bhangare Kolis|Bhangare]] and [[Pattikar Kolis|Pattikar]] [[List of Koli people|Kolis]] captured the [[Trimbak]] fort from [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]] [[Princely state|State]] and annexed in Maratha Empire.{{sfn|Ghurye|1957|pp=12|ps=}} But in 1776 - 77, Khade Kolis revolted against [[Peshwa]] government and captured several of [[Forts in India|forts]] from Peshwa under their Koli leader [[Javji Bamble]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=104 |language=en}}</ref> Khade Kolis were [[Jagir|jahagirdars]] until the Jahagirs were recently abolished after [[Independence of India|Independence]].{{sfn|Ghurye|1957|pp=12|ps=}} They also were [[Inamdar (feudal title)|Inamdars]] and [[Nayak (title)|Naiks]] during Maratha Empire.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Frederick Bruce |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=S9dmbS_n9UEC |title=Adaptation to Colonial Rule by the "wild Tribes" of the Bombay Deccan, 1818-1880: From Political Competition to Social Banditry |date=1978 |publisher=[[University of Minnesota]] |year=1978 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=183 - 239 - 266 |language=en}}</ref> The Khade Kolis revolted against [[British Raj|British]] rule and [[Sahukar]] cheaters under their chief '''Haibati Khade''' and plundered the British controlled territory and [[Loan|Moneylenders]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=Neena Ambre |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=J_faAAAAMAAJ |title=Forest Ecology in India: Colonial Maharashtra, 1850-1950 |date=2008 |publisher=Foundation Books |year=2008 |isbn=978-81-7596-549-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=166 |language=en}}</ref> ===Bambale Kolis=== The '''Bambale''', or '''Bamble'''<ref name=":0"/> is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=97: Clans of Mahadev Kolis: Bambale, Bharmal, Bhojane, Gengje, Langhi, Tambekar, Umbhare |language=en}}</ref> Bambale Kolis served in [[Maratha Empire]] and were received the grants of the [[Jagir|Jagirs]] by [[Peshwa]] [[Madhavrao I]] in 1769 - 70.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gāre |first=Govinda |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vZciAAAAMAAJ |title=Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis |date=1976 |publisher=Shubhada Saraswat |year=1976 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=26: Bamble |language=en}}</ref> Bambale Kolis served at good positions Such as [[Patil (title)|Patil]], [[Mansabdar]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Frederick Bruce |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=S9dmbS_n9UEC |title=Adaptation to Colonial Rule by the "wild Tribes" of the Bombay Deccan, 1818-1880: From Political Competition to Social Banditry |date=1978 |publisher=[[University of Minnesota]] |year=1978 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=256 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Nayak (title)|Nayak]]<ref name=":0" /> in [[Maratha Empire]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=109 - 120 |language=en}}</ref> ===Chauhan Kolis=== The '''Chauhan'''<ref>{{Cite book|last=Roy|first=Shibani|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ|title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar|date=1983|publisher=Cosmo Publications|year=1983|location=Delhi, India|pages=98|language=en}}</ref> also spelled as '''Chouhan''' and '''Chohan''' is a [[clan]] of the [[Talpada]] and [[Patels|Patel]] [[Koli people|Kolis]] of the [[Gujarat]] and [[Rajasthan]] states in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Perez|first=Rosa Maria|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GDRWAglUumEC&dq=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80&pg=PA71|title=Kings and Untouchables: A Study of the Caste System in Western India|date=2004|publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]]|year=2004|isbn=978-81-8028-014-6|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=71|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Doshi|first=Shambu Lal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WEMkAQAAIAAJ|title=Anthropology of Food and Nutrition|date=1995|publisher=Rawat Publications|year=1995|isbn=978-81-7033-278-7|location=[[Delhi]], India|pages=67|language=en}}</ref> The indian historian ''L. S. Vishwanath'' states that before the [[Independence of India]], Kolis of Chauhan clan made the [[Marital relationship|marital relations]] with poor [[Rajput|Rajputs]] because poor Rajputs were not able to pay heavy burden of [[Dowry]] to marry their daughters so they married with elite Koli families of Chauhan, Rathod and Solanki clans and then Kolis claimed to be [[Kshatriya]] called as Nava Kshatriya.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Vishwanath|first=L. S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ukDAQAAIAAJ|title=Female Infanticide and Social Structure: A Socio-historical Study in Western and Northern India|date=2000|publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation|year=2000|isbn=978-81-7075-057-4|location=New Delhi, India|pages=38|language=en}}</ref> The Chauhan kolis ruled over petty [[Princely state|princely states]] of [[Katosan State|Katosan]] and [[Likhi State|Likhi]] in [[Mahi Kantha Agency]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t9UgAAAAMAAJ|title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India|date=1985|publisher=Usha Publications|year=1985|location=New Delhi, India|pages=64–198|language=en}}</ref> ===Khasia Kolis=== The '''Khasia''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singhji |first=Virbhadra |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=NYK7ZSpPzkUC&dq=Khasia+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=The Rajputs of Saurashtra |date=1994 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=1994 |isbn=978-81-7154-546-9 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=49: The Khasia Kolis near [[Mahuva]] or the [[Thakor|Koli - Thakarda]]s of Gujarat are same |language=en}}</ref> or '''Khasiya'''<ref name=":0" /> is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Dr. Shibani |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |year=1983 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=98: Clans of Kolis of Gujarat: Khamani, Khasia, Khambnani, Khomani, Khoraba, Gabu |language=en}}</ref> The Mahuva was the stronghold or controlled by Khasia Kolis but they were defeated by the [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]] Wakhatsinhji of [[Bhavnagar State]] and their controlled Territories of Mahuva, Kundla, [[Rajula]], [[Gadhada]] and [[Botad]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rajyagor |first=S. B. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-0pAAAAAMAAJ |title=History of Gujarat |date=1982 |publisher=S. Chand Publications |year=1982 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=378: Bhavnagar State under Vakhtsinhaji had conquered, [[Talaja]] from the [[Nawab]] of [[Khambhat]] and the strongholds of [[Mahuva]], Kundla , [[Rajula]], [[Gadhada]] and [[Botad]] from Khasia Kolis who were under nominal protection of Nawab of [[Junagadh]]. |language=en}}</ref> Khasiya Kolis were pirates in Gujarat ocean and lived by piracy.<ref name=":0"/> The Khasia Kolis of Gujarat got their name from Khas village in Ranpur [[Regions of Gujarat|region]] of [[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]] [[List of districts of Gujarat|district]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=DQFnsgkrkG8C |title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India |date=1985 |publisher=Usha Publications |year=1985 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=487 |language=en}}</ref> The Khasia Kolis around [[Mahuva, Bhavnagar|Mahuva]] in [[Gohelwar|Gohilwad]] district, had marital relations with [[Gohil dynasty|Gohils]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=RY1uAAAAMAAJ |title=Division and Hierarchy: An Overview of Caste in Gujarat |last2=Desai |first2=Ishwarlal Pragji |date=1988 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1988 |isbn=978-81-7075-008-6 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=60 |language=en}}</ref> [[Juna Padar]] and [[Shevdivadar]] were ruled by Kolis of Khasia clan<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=c70MAAAAIAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA706&dq=Khasia+Koli&hl=en&redir_esc=y |title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency ... |date=1884 |publisher=Printed at the Government Central Press |language=en}}</ref> ===Pattikar Kolis=== The '''Pattikar''', or '''Patekar''', '''Pattekar''' and '''Patikar''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]] and neighbouring Territories.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=100: Clans of Mahadev Kolis of Maharashtra: Patekar, Padhole, Jadhav, Jadhav, Chaudhary, Gabale.... |language=en}}</ref> In 1761, The Pattikar Kolis with the help of [[Bhangare Kolis|Bhangare]] and [[Khade Kolis|Khade]] [[List of Koli people|Kolis]] captured the [[Forts in India|fort]] of [[Trimbak]] from [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]] [[Princely state|state]] and gave it to [[Peshwa]] ([[Prime Minister of India|Prime minister]]) of [[Maratha Empire]].{{sfn|Ghurye|1957|pp=12|ps=}} They were led by [[Kheroji Pattikar]] who was serving in Maratha Empire and was rewarded with grants of villages and a large sum of money.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=104 |language=en}}</ref> ===Chivhe Kolis=== The '''Chivhe''', or '''Chive'''<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=esAIAAAAQAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA430&dq=Chive+Koli&hl=en&redir_esc=y |title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Poona (3 pts.) |date=1885 |publisher=Government Central Press |language=en}}</ref> is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]]. Chivhe Kolis were [[Nayak (title)|Naiks]] of [[Purandar Fort|Purandar]] [[Forts in India|fort]] served in [[Maratha Empire]] of [[Shivaji]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Guha |first=Sumit |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=KHa7DwAAQBAJ&dq=Chivhe+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=History and Collective Memory in South Asia, 1200–2000 |date=2019-11-01 |publisher=[[University of Washington Press]] |year=2019 |isbn=978-0-295-74623-4 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=93 - 96 - 191 |language=en}}</ref> Chivhe Kolis were soldiers, cultivators and [[Vatandar]] in Maratha Empire and also in [[Bidar Sultanate|Bidar]] [[Deccan sultanates|Sultanate]] and received the title of [[Sarnaik]] from Bidar [[Badshah]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Guha |first=Sumit |url=http://archive.org/details/environmentethni0000guha |title=Environment and ethnicity in India, 1200-1991 |date=1999 |publisher=[[New York]] : [[Cambridge University Press]] |others=Internet Archive |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-521-64078-7 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=110 - 119}}</ref> The Chivhe Kolis of [[Purandar Fort|Purandar]] revolted against the [[Peshwa]] government because of the appointing of new [[Sarnaik]] named Abhaji [[Purandare]] who was a [[Brahmin]] by [[Caste system in India|caste]]. Chivhe Kolis were not in favour of Abhaji Purandare because they were [[Vatandar]] and Purandare was controlling their rights on land. Thereupon, Abhaji Purandare dismissed all of them and appointed fresh fortkeepers. After that 400 Chivhe Kolis entered and captured the fort by killing officers and took control of [[garrison]]. a duty imposed on the surrounding villages. they brought out their weapons and proceeded to seize control of the fort on 7 May 1764. Five days later they took the fort of Rudramal. Interestingly, they appointed a [[Brahman]], Visaji Kesava to superintend affairs within the fort. They also began to appropriate the state and private property in the fort for safe-keeping. [[Peshwa]] [[Raghunath Rao|Raghunathrao]] had went to fort to worship the temple but there peshwa was captured by them. Finally, the garrison despatched horsemen and began to collect tribute from adjoining regions. Reproved for this, Kondaji Naik Chivhe wrote to the Peshwa: ‘''Then how is the master’s fort to be safeguarded by us on empty stomachs?''’; and demanded a years’ pay and pro visions. The infuriated Raghunathrao despatched [[Maratha (caste)|Maratha]] troops to punish the insurgents Kolis but [[Maratha Army|Maratha army]] was unable to enter the fortresses controlled by Chivhe Kolis. Peshwa began seizing the families of the insurgents (Chivhe Kolis), beating and maltreating the women and children, and burning villages.The insurgents were quite aware of the tensions between Raghunathrao and his nephew, and sent a delegation with protestations of loyalty to the camp of [[Madhavrao I|Madhavrao]], then on the [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]] frontier. Raghunathrao’s attempts for repression also failed to the insurgents, who had ‘taken the tiger- hunters’ oath’, and he now decided to win over the garrison to his side by reinstating them.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Guha |first=Sumit |url=http://archive.org/details/environmentethni0000guha |title=Environment and ethnicity in India, 1200-1991 |date=1999 |publisher=[[New York]] : [[Cambridge University Press]] |others=[[Internet Archive]] |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-521-64078-7 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=112 - 114 |language=[[English language|English]]}}</ref> ===Mewasi Kolis=== The '''Mewasi''', or '''Mevasi''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhatnagar |first=Rashmi Dube |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=FK6_l2_TCfgC&dq=Mevasi+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Female Infanticide in India: A Feminist Cultural History |last2=Dube |first2=Renu |last3=Dube |first3=Reena |date=2012-02-01 |publisher=[[State University of New York Press]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-7914-8385-5 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=266 |language=en}}</ref> '''Mehwasi'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Krishan |first=Shri |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=SM9jDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT46&dq=Mehwasi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj38Z6KyZP6AhVSXHwKHYWzDyMQ6AF6BAgFEAE#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Political Mobilization and Identity in Western India, 1934-47 |date=2005-04-07 |publisher=SAGE Publishing India |year=2005 |isbn=978-93-5280-307-1 |location=New Delhi, India |language=en}}</ref> is a Clan (Gotra) of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]]. The Koli chieftains of villages populated by Kolis were titled as ''Mewasi'' because of their rebellious activities against [[List of Maratha Rulers|Maratha]] and [[Mughal emperors|Mughal]] rulers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kohli |first=Atul |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=wAMABAAAQBAJ&dq=Mewasi+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=India's Democracy: An Analysis of Changing State-Society Relations |date=2014-07-14 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-4008-5951-1 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=267 |language=en}}</ref> In that days, Mewasi word was used to describe the unruly, turbulent and violent person but during [[British Raj]], Mewasi was used for Koli chieftains in rebellions against British rule as a hero.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1995 |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=200 |language=en}}</ref> Koli Mewasis liked the independent rule of self so they always fought against their [[Raja|Rajas]], [[Maharaja|Maharajas]] and other rulers. Koli Mewasis often plundered the villages to collect the revenue.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=dwluAAAAMAAJ |title=Dominance and State Power in Modern India: Decline of a Social Order |date=1989 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1989 |isbn=978-0-19-562098-6 |edition=2nd |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=66 |language=en}}</ref> In the fifteenth century , the early [[Sultan|Sultans]] of [[Ahmedabad]] attempted to subjugate the Koli Mehwasis; but they were met with such a sturdy resistance from those chiefs, who were naturally helped by the wild nature of their Koli chiefs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Patel |first=Govindlal Dalsukhbhai |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=c3kuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Indian Land Problem and Legislation |date=1954 |publisher=N. M. Tripathi |year=1954 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=78 |language=en}}</ref> Firozkhan II ruled at [[Palanpur State|Palanpur]] from 1707-1719, during which period he attacked and took [[Tharad]] which was ruled by Koli chieftain, subdued the Koli Mewasis of Sur Bhakhri, Kidotar and [[Dabhel|Dabhela]] and extended his territory.<ref>{{Cite book |url= |title=The Palanpur Agency Directory |date=1919 |publisher= |year=1919 |edition=2nd |location=[[Mumbai]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]] |pages=20 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Rewa Kantha Agency|Rewakantha]] settlements were made during the regime of [[Sayaji Rao I Gaekwad|Sayajirao]]. these areas were constantly disturbed by the depredations of the Koli Mehwasis, and the maintenance of law and order in these areas became a challenge for Baroda government.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kamerkar |first=Mani |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=zmMfAAAAMAAJ |title=British Paramountcy: British-Baroda Relations, 1818-1848 |date=1980 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=1980 |isbn=978-0-940500-75-4 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=33 |language=en}}</ref> Here are some prominent subclans of Koli Mewasis: [[Baria]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Patel |first=Govindlal Dalsukhbhai |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=L0A_AAAAIAAJ |title=Agrarian Reforms in Bombay: The Legal and Economic Consequences of the Abolition of Land Tenures |date=1950 |publisher=the Author |year=1950 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=50 |language=en}}</ref> The villages which were ruled or controlled by rebellious [[List of Koli people|Koli]] chieftains and inhabited by turbulent Kolis were called ''Mewasi Villages'' by [[Mughal emperors|Mughal]] rulers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=zePZAAAAMAAJ |title=Exploring India's Rural Past: A Gujarat Village in the Early Nineteenth Century |date=2002 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-19-565732-6 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=28 |language=en}}</ref> The Barmuvada, Chhapra, Khumarwad were most notable Mewasi villages and their Koli chieftains were recieving ''Giras'' dues from Radhvanaj rulers.{{sfn|Shah|2002|pp=39}} The [[British Raj|British]] government always faced the trouble in Mehwasi areas and used the troops to collect the annual revenue.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gidwani |first=Vinay Krishin |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7B5NAQAAMAAJ |title=Fluid Dynamics: An Essay on Canal Irrigation and the Processses of Agrarian Change in Matar Taluka (Gujarat). India |date=1996 |publisher=[[University of California, Berkeley]] |year=1996 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=165 - 167 |language=en}}</ref> ===Baria Kolis=== The '''Baria Koli''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Enthoven |first=Reginald Edward |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=FoT6gPrbTp8C&pg=PA65&dq=Baria+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiSornIiPL2AhVESWwGHV7oDUc4ZBDoAXoECAgQAw#v=onepage&q=Baria%20Koli&f=false |title=The Tribes and Castes of Bombay |date=1990 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |year=1990 |isbn=978-81-206-0630-2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=65 |language=en}}</ref> or '''Baraiya,'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yājñika |first=Acyuta |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=wmKIiAPgnF0C&pg=PA304&dq=Baraiya+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiI1pjfj_L2AhUs4zgGHZHwAEQQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Baraiya%20Koli&f=false |title=The Shaping of Modern Gujarat: Plurality, Hindutva, and Beyond |last2=Sheth |first2=Suchitra |date=2005 |publisher=[[Penguin Books India]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-14-400038-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=304 |language=en}}</ref> '''Bareeya'''<ref name=":1"/> and '''Bariya'''<ref name=":0"/> is a [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|clan]] of the [[List of Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian State]] of [[Gujarat]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=A community called Koli - Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/a-community-called-koli------------------------/214908/ |access-date=2022-04-01 |website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref> and [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gopal |first=Krishna |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pQfgAAAAMAAJ |title=Fairs and Festivals of India: Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra |date=2003 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |year=2003 |isbn=978-81-212-0811-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=35 |language=en}}</ref> the [[Devgadh Baria|Devgad Baria]] was their Stronghold or given their name to [[Baria State]] in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Desai |first=Anjali H. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=gZRLGZNZEoEC&dq=Baria+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=India Guide Gujarat |date=2007 |publisher=India Guide Publications |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-9789517-0-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=184 |language=en}}</ref> according to the historian '''Y.V.S Nath''', the ruling royal family of [[Baria State]] is original [[Koli people|Koli]] by caste but later they claimed to be of [[Rajput]] origin to be in high status among other [[Princely State]]s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nath |first=Y. V. S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=eXEbAAAAMAAJ |title=Bhils of Ratanmal: An Analysis of the Social Structure of a Western Indian Community |date=1960 |publisher=[[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]] |year=1960 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=65: presence in these regions, by explaining that they came in the wake of the founders of the present ruling houses of Bariya State and other estates in the area. The latter however claim to be Rajputs today, though the local traditions give them a Koli extraction." Till recently, most of the thakurdari and ankadi rights in these States were held by Bariya Kolis. Some of them even claim kinship with the Rulers of Baria and the Thakurs of Ratanmal. |language=en}}</ref> According to the census records of 1931, there were 1,03,769 [[Hindus|Hindu]] Baria Kolis and 5 Baria Kolis were converted to [[Jainism|Jain]] [[Religion in India|religion]] in the [[Baroda State]] of [[Gaekwad dynasty|Gaekwars]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1995 |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=188 |language=en}}</ref> The Baria Kolis got their name from the [[Devgadh Baria]] of Gujarat and it was their Stronghold as well as they were lawless and turbulent people.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=RY1uAAAAMAAJ |title=Division and Hierarchy: An Overview of Caste in Gujarat |last2=Desai |first2=Ishwarlal Pragji |date=1988 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1988 |isbn=978-81-7075-008-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=7 |language=en}}</ref> Historically, the Baria Kolis were well known [[Koli piracy in India|pirates]] of Gujarat and the [[Piram Island|Piram]] [[island]] of Gujarat was stronghold of Baria Koli pirates but later they were defeated by [[Mokhadaji Gohil]] in 1325.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singhji |first=Virbhadra |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=NYK7ZSpPzkUC&dq=Baria+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=The Rajputs of Saurashtra |date=1994 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=1994 |isbn=978-81-7154-546-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=39 |language=en}}</ref> [[Rawal]] [[Bhavsinhji II|Bhavsinhji]] of [[Bhavnagar State|Bhavnagar]] died in 1764, leaving behind him five sons, and the eldest of and these, Akherajji I, succeeded as Ruler of the State. At this juncture the fort of [[Talaja, Bhavnagar|Talaja]] was in the hands of Baria Koli pirates, a ment lawless band of pirates who infested the western littoral from [[Cambay State|Cambay]] to the [[Indus River|Indus]]. Their unjust exactions pressed so heavily upon merchants in that locality that the large trade previously carried on was almost entirely ruined, even British ships falling ment then sent [[Troop|troops]], which were assisted by Rawal Akherajji and his army, and it was their combined forces which captured the stronghold of Talaja and defeated the Baria clan of Koli pirates.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bond |first=J. W. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=47sfj8DUwNgC&dq=Baria+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey |last2=Wright |first2=Arnold |date=2006 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-81-206-1965-4 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=371 - 376 |language=en}}</ref> During the [[British Raj|British]] Raj in Gujarat, The Baria Kolis were holders of Vanta lands (private estates).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Clark |first=Alice Whitcomb |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PQFtAAAAMAAJ |title=Central Gujarat in the Nineteenth Century: The Integration of an Agrarian System |date=1979 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin--Madison]] |year=1979 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=354 - 355 |language=en}}</ref> the Bariya Kolis were formerly known as Bandits because of their anti-social activities but later settled as agriculturist in villages.<ref name=":0" /> Around 1950, Kolis of Baria clan joined the [[Gujarat Kshatriya Sabha]] which was started by Koli elite [[Natwarsinh Solanki]] for upliftment of Koli society.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghosh |first=Buddhadeb |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=zleOAAAAMAAJ |title=State Politics and Panchayats in India |last2=Kumar |first2=Girish |date=2003 |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |year=2003 |isbn=978-81-7304-487-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=95 |language=en}}</ref> after joining the Sabha, Baria Kolis were not in conflicts against [[Rajput|Rajputs]] but Kolis of [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] didn't joined the Sabha because they think that [[Patidar]] is not our enemy and we don't need Rajputs to be called as [[Kshatriya]].<ref name=":1" /> ===Shial Kolis=== The '''Shial''', or '''Shiyal''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]]. They were noted [[Koli piracy in Gujarat|pirates]] of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond Brady |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=rs5JDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PT94&dq=Shials+Kolis&hl=en&redir_esc=y |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |language=en}}</ref> Shial Kolis defeated and captured the Shial island from [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]] [[Portuguese India Armadas|India]] and make it their stronghold along with [[Chanch, Gujarat|Chanch]] but later they were defeated by [[Nawab]] of [[Janjira State|Janjira]] and [[Jafarabad State|Jafrabad]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Department |first=Great Britain Hydrographic |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=jIZKh-zoF-0C&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA36&dq=Shial+Kolis&hl=en&redir_esc=y |title=The West India Pilot |date=1987 |publisher=J. D. Potter. |year=1987 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=36 |language=en}}</ref> during the [[World War I]], they were enlisted as soldiers in [[British Indian Army]] by [[British Raj|British Indian government]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Duk2AQAAMAAJ |title=A Short Record of Bombay Recruiting During the Great War |date=1919 |publisher=Printed at the Government Central Press |year=1919 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=17 |language=en}}</ref> The Shial Kolis got their name from the Shial [[island]] situated at south coast of [[Kathiawar]].<ref name=":0"/> == Major clans and surnames == A few major Koli clans and families are: * '''Malusare''' – Tied to warrior heritage; the legendary Maratha commander [[Tanaji Malusare]] is traditionally referred to as a Koli warrior. * '''Patil''' – A very common title and surname indicating village leadership; used by Kolis in Maharashtra. * '''More''' – A Koli clan present in western Maharashtra, occasionally linked with landholding and administrative positions. * '''Sarnaik''' – Title borne by Koli fort soldiers and coastal defenders. * '''Chavan''', '''Bhosale''', '''Nikam''', and '''Pawar''' – Present in many Koli groups, sometimes coinciding with names of Maratha lineages, indicative of military integration. * '''Mukne''' – The princely [[Jawhar State]] ruling dynasty in Palghar district, Maharashtra. The Mukne family was the ruling clan from the 14th century through the mid-20th century. * '''Pawar Koli''' – Ruling clan of the erstwhile [[Surgana State]] in Nashik district as of today. == See more == * [[Koli dance]] == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Koli clan, Koli title}} [[Category:Koli]] ll3xlxoda39dqhyvw5mmyq6v6ruddd7 10367569 10367568 2025-07-02T12:08:10Z 103.240.170.83 10367569 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Koli Clans and Titles''' describe the native socio-political systems, family lineages, and nobiliary titles of the [[Koli ethnic group]], a western Indian ethnic group with strong tradition in seafaring, agriculture, and warfare. These clans are not organized along the [[varna system]] of Hindu caste-based society, but instead show the Kolis' own internal kinship, leadership, and occupation systems. The title and clan system is geographically varied throughout [[Maharashtra]], [[Gujarat]], [[Goa]], where Koli groups have long been settled. [[File:A Coolie Chieftain.jpg|thumb|A [[portrait]] of a [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[Tribal chief|chieftain]] of [[Dahewan]] by [[James Forrestal|James Forbes]], 1813]] == Clans (Gotra) == === Vala Kolis === The '''Vala''', or '''Wala''' is a Koli [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) found in the [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[Gujarat]] in [[India]]. They claim to be the earliest [[Koli people|Koli]] settlers in [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]], and are descendants of Dhan Mer who was son of Koli [[Tribal chief|chieftain]] [[Sonang Mer]], who defeated the ruler of the [[Vala State|Vala]] kingdom ([[Vallabhi|Valabhi]]) of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kumar |first=Satinder |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qtkjAQAAIAAJ |title=Encyclopaedia of South-Asian Tribes: The Kinnaura - The Korwa |date=2000 |publisher=Anmol Publications |isbn=978-81-261-0517-5 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |page=1557 |quote=The Talapada Koli are divided into exogamous clans, Four of those clans, Merh, [[Chauhan]], [[Makwana (clan)|Makwana]] and Bhaliya are considered superior and the rest clans namely [[Rathod (surname)|Rathod]], Vala, Heera and [[Solanki (clan)|Solanki]] are placed below them |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aRdOAQAAMAAJ |title=The Scheduled Castes |date=1995 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-563742-7 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[India]] |page=576 |quote=The Talapada Koli are divided into exogamous clans. Four of those clans, Merh, [[Chauhan]], [[Makwana (clan)|Makwana]] and Bhaliya are considered superior and the rest clans namely [[Rathod (surname)|Rathod]], Vala, Heera and [[Solanki (clan)|Solanki]] are placed below them |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Jain |first1=Jyotindra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nuPWAAAAMAAJ |title=Folk Art and Culture of Gujarat: Guide to the Collection of the Shreyas Folk Museum of Gujarat |last2=Gujarat |first2=Shreyas Folk Museum of |date=1980 |publisher=Shreyas Prakashan |location=[[New Delhi]] |page=6 |quote=It has been noted that the famous Koli Dhanmer whose descendants became known as Vala Koli |language=en}}</ref> ===Sord Kolis=== The '''Sord dynasty''' was a ruling dynasty of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] in [[Gujarat]] who ruled over Idar [[Princely state|state]] for two generations.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=iChFAQAAMAAJ |title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India |date=1985 |publisher=Usha Publications |year=1985 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=428 - 429 |language=en}}</ref> This dynasty was founded by the [[Thakor]] Hathi Sord, who belonged to the [[Koli rebellion|Koli]] caste.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-03 |title=Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 13, page 325 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library |url=http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V13_331.gif |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=web.archive.org |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303190502/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V13_331.gif |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ananta) |first=Rudra (Son of |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ICIVAAAAIAAJ&dq=sord+kolis&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Rudrakavi's Great Poem of the Dynasty of Rāṣṭrauḍha: Cantos 1-13 and 18-20 |publisher=Brill Archive |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=10 |language=en}}</ref> Hathi Sord was a [[vassal]] in the Eder state, but Amarsingh [[Parmar]], the ruler of the Eder state, was killed in a battle after which Hathi Sord took over as the ruler of the Eder state. [[Maharaja]] Hathi Sord ruled peacefully till his death, and after his death his only son, Prince Samwaliya Sord, took the [[throne]] of Idar.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bruyne |first=Jenny Leonora de |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=EigTAQAAIAAJ |title=Great poem of the dynasy of rastraudha |date=1968 |year=1968 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=10 |language=en}}</ref> Maharaja Sanvalia Sord appointed a [[Nagar]] [[Brahmin]] as the commander of the army of the state of Idar but Commander was jealous of the maharaja, Due to which the commander became with the [[Rathore caste|Rathore]] [[Rajput|Rajputs]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=d. 1917 |first=Whitworth, George Clifford |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7tAOAAAAQAAJ&dq=sord+kolis&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=An Anglo-Indian Dictionary: A Glossary of Indian Terms Used in English, and of Such English Or Other Non-Indian Terms as Have Obtained Special Meanings in India |date=1885 |publisher=Kegan Paul, Trench |year=1885 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=299 |language=en}}</ref> The Senapati incited the Rathore Rajputs to attack the Maharaja but the Rajputs did not dare, after which the Senapati made a plan. According to the plan, the commander called Maharaja Sord for his daughter's wedding party and hid the Rajputs in the houses of neighbors. The Maharaja Sord was enjoying the feast with some of his ministers, when the Brahmin commander also gave him a banquet of liquor, due to which Maharaja Sord and his ministers and some special soldiers got drunk. The commander was waiting for this, the commander pointed to the Rathore Rajputs hiding in the neighboring houses and attacked the minister and soldiers including Maharaja Sord. It was the year 1300 and the Sord Dynasty of Idar came to an end this year.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Laade |first=Raj Bhusan |title=Ancient [[Gujarat]]: a view of [[Narada]] |year=2004 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=151 - 152 |language=[[English language|English]]}}</ref> Rathore Rajputs captured the idar from Kolis but later rathores was drove out by Rao Rajputs.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Y9DzmxWenNkC&dq=sord+kolis&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Asian Review |date=1887 |publisher=East & West |year=1887 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=147 |language=en}}</ref> ===Valakiya Koli=== The '''Valakiya'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Society |first=Gujarat Research |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Gujar%C4%81ta_Sa%E1%B9%83%C5%9Bodhana_Ma%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Da%E1%B8%B7anu/Iq0DT1lBgQcC?hl=en |title=Gujarāta Saṃśodhana Maṇḍaḷanuṃ Traimāsika: Journal of the Gujarat Research Society |date=1991 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=16:Kolis are [[Talpada Kolis|Talapda]]s, [[Khant Koli|Khant]]s, [[Chunvalia Koli|Chumvaliya]]s, Patanvadiyas, and [[Thakor|Thakarda]]s. Clans of Kolis [[Baria Koli|Boraiya]]s, Dalvadis, Ghediyas, Shiyals and Valakiyas. |language=en}}</ref> (also spelled as '''Valakia''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=Jyotindra |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Folk_Art_and_Culture_of_Gujarat/nuPWAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Folk Art and Culture of Gujarat: Guide to the Collection of the Shreyas Folk Museum of Gujarat |last2=Gujarat |first2=Shreyas Folk Museum of |date=1980 |publisher=Shreyas Prakashan |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=133: Kolis were noted pirates and were known by several names such as Gedia, Valakia, Baria and Talbada. |language=en}}</ref> '''Valankiya'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=General |first=India Office of the Registrar |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Census_of_India_1961/eCfs8vWwR50C?hl=en |title=Census of India, 1961 |date=1962 |publisher=Manager of Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=60: in the Gujarat, estates of Katosan, Ghodasar, Sathamba, Ilol, Satlasna, Tajpuri, Ramas and Punadara, etc, belonged to Koli chief. There are five septs among Kolis, viz, (1) Talapada Koli, (2) Chanvaliyu Koli (7) Ghediya Koll, (4) Valankiya Koli and (3) Khant Koli. in the State, Kolis are alas known from..... |language=en}}</ref> and '''Valakya''') is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of the [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] mostly found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Campbell |first=James M. |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Hindu_Castes_and_Tribes_of_Gujurat/FAXGpcEdbfUC?hl=en |title=Hindu Castes and Tribes of Gujurat |date=1988 |publisher=[[Vintage Books]] |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=245: Valakiya Kolis who take their name from Kathiawad's Valak village which was ruled by them, were noted pirates of Gujarat. |language=en}}</ref> Valakiya Kolis were [[Koli caste#Koli pirates|pirates]] by profession and ruled over Valak village of [[Surat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond Brady |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Swaminarayan_Hinduism/rs5JDwAAQBAJ?hl=en |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |language=en}}</ref> The Valakiya Kolis got their name from the Valak village in [[Kamrej]] [[tehsil]] of [[Surat]] [[List of districts of Gujarat|district]] in [[Gujarat]]. They ruled over Valak village and were noted [[Koli caste#Koli pirates|pirates]] by profession.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kennedy |first=Michael |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PEZCY_iK3GIC&pg=PA97&dq=Valakiyas+Kolis&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiIkP3vkduHAxXDsFYBHVM5MacQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The Criminal Classes in India |date=1985 |publisher=Mittal Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=97 |language=en}}</ref> ===Bhalia Kolis=== '''Bhalia'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Enthoven |first=Reginald Edward |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Tribes_and_Castes_of_Bombay/FoT6gPrbTp8C?hl=en |title=The Tribes and Castes of Bombay |date=1990 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |isbn=978-81-206-0630-2 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=93: Bhalia - A subdivision of Kolis in Gujarat. |language=en}}</ref> also spelled as '''Bhaliya'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1459&dq=Bhaliya+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjbvemPsNuHAxW0p1YBHb3JGw4Q6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=[[Anthropological Survey of India]] |isbn=978-0-19-563357-3 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=1460 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of the [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] mostly found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Somanaboina |first=Simhadri |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=H5tIEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT443&dq=Bhalia+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQ3oTMq9uHAxWOlFYBHWwIKAw4ChDoAXoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The Routledge Handbook of the Other Backward Classes in India: Thought, Movements and Development |last2=Ramagoud |first2=Akhileshwari |date=2021-11-15 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=978-1-000-46280-7 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |language=en}}</ref> In the census of 1931 in [[Vadodara|Baroda State]], the population of Bhalia Kolis was 27,437 alongwith Ghedia Kolis.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Thakors_of_North_Gujarat/1DBuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=188: Koli population of [[Baroda State]] including Bhalia Kolis, 1931 |language=en}}</ref> The Bhaliya clan is considered as superior clan among Kolis because they ruled over [[Bhal region]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Scheduled_Castes/aRdOAQAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=The Scheduled Castes |date=1995 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-563742-7 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=576 |language=en}}</ref> The Bhalia Kolis got their name from their homeland Bhal region of [[Gujarat]] which was ruled by them and was stronghold for their [[Koli caste#Koli pirates|Koli piracy]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Registrar |first=India Office of the |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Census_of_India_1961/X0awGlWj84cC?hl=en |title=Census of India, 1961 |date=1962 |publisher=Manager of Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=6 |language=en}}</ref> ===Popere Kolis=== The '''Popere''', or '''Popera''' is a [[clan]] of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=10 - 266 |language=en}}</ref> The ruling Koli [[dynasty]] of [[Jawhar State]] belong to the Popere [[clan]] of [[Mahadev Kolis|Mahadev]] [[Koli rebellion|Kolis]] of [[Konkan]] who established the rule over [[Jawhar]] in 1346 by Koli chief [[Jayaba Mukne|Jayaba Popere]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Shibani |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |year=1983 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=29 |language=en}}</ref> They are Agriculturist and noted for the militant spirit.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ralte |first=Lalrinawmi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CGYXb4sksawC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA180&dq=Popera+Koli&hl=en |title=Waging Peace, Building a World in which Life Matters: Festschrift to Honour Gabriele Dietrich |last2=Faria |first2=Stella |date=2004 |publisher=[[ISPCK]] |year=2004 |isbn=978-81-7214-798-3 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=179 - 180 |language=en}}</ref> ===Bokad Kolis=== The '''Bokad''' is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref name=":0" /> They served in the [[Maratha Empire]] and in 1769 - 70, Bokad Kolis received the grants of [[Jagir]] from [[Peshwa]] [[Madhavrao I|Madhavrao i]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year= |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=12 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gāre |first=Govinda |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vZciAAAAMAAJ |title=Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis |date=1976 |publisher=Shubhada Saraswat |year=1976 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=26 |language=en}}</ref> later, they served in [[British Raj|British Indian Empire]] at good positions such as [[Faujdar]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Omvedt |first=Gail |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7Q1uAAAAMAAJ |title=Cultural Revolt in a Colonial Society: The Non Brahman Movement in Western India, 1873 to 1930 |date=1976 |publisher=Scientific Socialist Education Trust |year=1976 |isbn=978-0-88386-922-2 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=141 |language=en}}</ref> ===Thorat Koli=== The '''Thorat Koli'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Verma |first=Balraj |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=53owAQAAIAAJ |title=The Beautiful India - Daman & Diu |date=2006 |publisher=Reference Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-81-8405-022-6 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=10: This prince lost his patrimony in [[Udaipur]] during a [[Muslim]] conquest and moved to the southern direction and , in the process , defeated the [[Koli]] Chief Natort of the Thorat clan of Kolis ) ; in doing so , he conquered a hilly area at ... |language=en}}</ref> ([[Marathi language|Marathi]]: थोरात) is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of [[Koli caste|Koli]] caste found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]] and [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhatt |first=S. C. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=3IWXh-6zDe8C&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA48&dq=Thorat+Koli&hl=en&redir_esc=y |title=Land and people of Indian states and union territories : (in 36 volumes) |date=2005 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-7835-356-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=48 |language=en}}</ref> The Thorat Kolis ruled over [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] till 1262.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gajrani |first=S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=33LiAAAAMAAJ |title=History, Religion and Culture of India |date=2004 |publisher=Isha Books |year=2004 |isbn=978-81-8205-062-4 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=33 |language=en}}</ref> but in 1262, Koli king Nag Thorat was defeated by Ramsing who was a [[Rajput]] from [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lele |first=Purushottam Shripad |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=L0MeAAAAMAAJ |title=Dadra and Nagar Haveli: Past and Present |date=1987 |publisher=Usha P. Lele |year=1987 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=4 |language=en}}</ref> later, Thorat Kolis lived by plundering.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=_wB_aqQ5ZrAC |title=History and Administration of Dharampur State (Prant Ramnagar): From 1262 to 1937 |date=1939 |publisher=President, State Council |year=1939 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=9 |language=en}}</ref> ===Pichad Kolis=== The '''Pichad''' is a [[clan]] of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=12: their forts in Prant [[Surgana]], District [[Nasik]], which was till then in the possession of Kolis. Koli Javji Bambale and bringing him under submission and service to the Peshwa along with his Koli - mates Khade , Bhangare and Pichad of [[Rajur]]. |language=en}}</ref> Pichad Kolis served in [[Maratha Empire]] as [[Subedar]], [[Mansabdar]] and [[Nayak (title)|Nayak]] but in 1776 - 77, they revolted against [[Peshwa]] government because of their deposition from posts but later Pichad kolis enlisted to their posts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=104 |language=en}}</ref> After establishment of [[British Raj|British]] [[Bombay Presidency|rule]] in Maharashtra, Pichad Kolis took up arms against British authorities under their [[Koli rebellion|Koli]] chief '''Balaji Pichad'''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=Neena Ambre |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=J_faAAAAMAAJ |title=Forest Ecology in India: Colonial Maharashtra, 1850-1950 |date=2008 |publisher=Foundation Books |year=2008 |isbn=978-81-7596-549-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=166 |language=en}}</ref> ===Solanki Kolis=== The '''Solanki Koli''' (also spelled as '''Saulanki Koli''') is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] mostly found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian states]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Rajasthan]] and [[Union territory|Union Territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1459&dq=Solanki+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjyhd3s4beGAxU1TWwGHfspA_cQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=[[Anthropological Survey of India]] |isbn=978-0-19-563357-3 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=1459 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Dr. Shibani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=98 |language=en}}</ref> The Solanki Kolis of Gujarat ruled over petty [[Princely state|Princely states]] in Chunval region (now [[Becharaji]]) of Gujarat named as [[Bhankodar|Bhankoda]], Kukvav, Chaniar and Dekavada [[Jagir|jagirs]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond Brady |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rs5JDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |language=en}}</ref> ===Babria (Bavalia) Kolis=== The '''Babria''', or '''Bavlia''' and '''Bavalia''' is a [[clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union Territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sherring |first=Matthew A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U2lehroNx1oC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA307&dq=Babria+Koli&hl=en |title=Hindu Tribes and Castes: As Represented in Benares ; with Illustrations |date=1879 |publisher=[[Thacker]] |pages=307 - 314 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sherring |first=Matthew Atmore |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=JmhDAAAAYAAJ&dq=Babria+Koli&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Babria |title=Hindu Tribes and Castes as Represented in Benares |date=1974 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |year=1974 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=314 |language=en}}</ref> Babria Kolis mostly found in the [[Babariawad]] region of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bartholomew |first=John George |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=v9McAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA29&dq=Babria+Kolis&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHwJTL-4H4AhU56nMBHbKECV8Q6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Babria%20Kolis&f=false |title=Constable's Hand-gazetteer of India |date=1898 |publisher=A. Constable |year=1898 |location=India |language=en}}</ref> the region of Babariawad of Gujarat got his name because of Babria Kolis.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burgess |first=James |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V15BAQAAIAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA12&q=Nawanagar+Kolis&hl=en |title=Report on the Antiquities of Kâṭhiâwâḍ and Kachh, Being the Result of the Second Season's Operations of the Archaeological Survey of Western India, 1874-75 |date=1876 |publisher=India Museum |year=1876 |location=India |pages=12 |language=en}}</ref> They mostly lived by plundering and Their plundering was called as '''Dhang'''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=d. 1917 |first=Whitworth, George Clifford |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7tAOAAAAQAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA84&q=Babria+Kolis&hl=en |title=An Anglo-Indian Dictionary: A Glossary of Indian Terms Used in English, and of Such English Or Other Non-Indian Terms as Have Obtained Special Meanings in India |date=1885 |publisher=Kegan Paul, Trench |year=1885 |location=India |pages=84 |language=en}}</ref> ===Dabhi Kolis=== The '''Dabhi'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=General |first=India (Republic) Office of the Registrar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-McAQAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Census of India, 1961 |date=1967 |publisher=Manager of Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=7: Chunvalia Kolis have 21 principal sub - divisions namely Abasania, Adhgama, Baroga, Basukia, '''Dabhi''', Dhamodia, Dhandhukia, Gohel, Jandaria ... |language=en}}</ref> ([[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]: ડાભી, [[Hindi]]: डाभी) is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Shibani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |year=1983 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=98 |language=en}}</ref> The Kolis of the Dabhi clan ruled over [[Ghorasar]] state during [[British Raj|British rule]] in India.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond Brady |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=rs5JDwAAQBAJ&vq=dabhi+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=The following is a list of the Koli [[Thakor|Thakorda]]s or lordlings in [[North Gujarat]]: the Solankis of Bhankoda, Chaniar, Dekavada, and Kukvav in Chunwal; the Makwanas of Katosan, Jhunjuvara, and Punar, the Rathods of Ghanti and Vaghpur on the banks of the Sabarmati; the '''Dabhis'' of Ghodasar in the Charotar; the Chauhans of Amliara in the Mahi Kantha; and the Vaghelas of Kankrej.... |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1995 |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=139 |language=en}}</ref> ===Makwana Kolis=== The '''Makwana Koli'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perez |first=Rosa Maria |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GDRWAglUumEC&q=Makwana+Koli |title=Kings and Untouchables: A Study of the Caste System in Western India |date=2004 |publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]] |isbn=978-81-8028-014-6 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=71: Three Koli Patel clans live in this village are Chauhan, Makwana and Rathod |language=en}}</ref> also spelled as '''Makawana Koli''', '''Makvana Koli''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kubala |first=Rameśa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qt21AAAAIAAJ |title=Gābīta Kshatriya Āramārī gharāṇyāñcā itihāsa |date=1983 |publisher=Kshatriya Kulāvatãsa Āramārī Marāṭhā Samāja |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=240: The Gazetteer states that the Chief of the State is a Makvana Koli |language=mr}}</ref> '''Makavana Koli''', '''Mukwana Koli''' and '''Mukawana Koli''' is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] mostly found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Shibani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=31: two clans of [[Koli people|Koli]]s are recognised: the Mar and '''Makwana'''. These are exogamous clans referred to as 'atak. Each 'atak' is further subdivided into sub clans referred to as 'gram echap,' in the local dialect. Besides the division of 'sacche Koli' the rest of the 222 'ataks' and those clans name are common to both the |language=en}}</ref> In 1931 census of [[Baroda State]], there were 20,700 Kolis of Makwana clan in the Baroda state's territory.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=188 |language=en}}</ref> Makwana Kolis mostly belong to the [[Hindus|Hindu]] faith but there are members of the community who converted to Islam during the reign of the invading [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] power in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gode |first=Parshuram Krishna |url= |title=Studies in Indian Cultural History |date=1969 |publisher=Vishveshvaranand Vedic Research Institute |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=51 |language=en}}</ref> Makwana Kolis are [[Land tenure|landholders]] and [[agriculturist]] by profession.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vidyabhusana |first=Satis Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6wW1AAAAIAAJ |title=Buddhadeba, arthāt̲, Gautama Buddhera sampūrṇa jībana carita o upadeśa |date=1996 |publisher=Karuṇā Prakāśanī |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=46 |language=bn}}</ref> Here are list of [[Princely State]]s ruled by Makwana Kolis, [[Katosan State]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chakrabarti |first=Jadab Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rpA2AAAAMAAJ&dq=makwana+Koli&pg=PA128 |title=The Native States of India |date=1895 |publisher=Shaw Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=128 |language=en}}</ref> [[Gabat State]]{{sfn|Gode|1969|pp=51}}, [[Punadra|Punadra State]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Department |first=India Foreign and Political |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-80NAAAAIAAJ&dq=makawan+Koli&pg=RA1-PA334 |title=A Collection of Treaties, Engagements, and Sanads Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries |date=1892 |publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=334 |language=en}}</ref> [[Hadol State]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3sEqCW4p2VgC |title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India |date=1985 |publisher=Usha Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=122–123 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Khadal State]]. Muslim Koli, The '''Muslim Makwana''', or '''Musalman Makwana''' (also spelled as '''Makawana''', '''Makvana''', and '''Makavana''') is a [[Muslim Kolis|Muslim Koli]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t9UgAAAAMAAJ |title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India |date=1985 |publisher=Usha Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=261: '''Makwana Kolis''' finally embraced the religion of the Islam. While narrating the rise of the Makwana Kolis it has been stated that Harpal, the son of Keshar Makwana, obtained several villages |language=en}}</ref> [[Caste system in India|caste]] in [[Gujarat]] who were converted to [[Islam]] from [[Hinduism]] during [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] rule in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Assadi |first=Muzaffar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M7HYEAAAQBAJ |title=Colonial and Post-Colonial Identity Politics in South Asia: Zaat/Caste Among Muslims |date=2023-11-24 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=978-1-003-80246-4 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages='''Makwana''' was a caste converted from the '''Hindu Makwana Koli''' tribe, Matias were Leva Kanbis converted by a Sufi saint of Pirana, Memons were those converted in the 15th century from the Luhan. and Kacchías caste. Panjnigara, cotton thread starchers, were converted from the Hindu social order bearing the same name |language=en}}</ref> Muslim Makwana Kolis are descendants of the Hindu Makwana Kolis of [[Chunvalia Koli|Chunval]] region who was converted to Islam and his descendants knows as Muslim Makwana Kolis in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jhala |first=Jayasinhji |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gSZqDwAAQBAJ |title=Genealogy, Archive, Image: Interpreting Dynastic History in Western India, c. 1090-2016 |date=2018-07-19 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |isbn=978-3-11-060129-9 |language=en}}</ref> They were converted to Islam by [[Sultan]] [[Mahmud Begada]] during his reign.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gujarat (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCYbAAAAIAAJ |title=Gujarat State Gazetteers: Kheda District |date=1977 |publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=110: Makwana Koli was converted to Islam by Mahmud Begada ( 1459- 1513 A. D. ) |language=en}}</ref> The Muslim Makwana Kolis follows the bath rituals of Islam and Hinduism like other hindus.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gujarat (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wIxhAAAAIAAJ |title=Gujarat State Gazetteers: Vadodara |date=1974 |publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=125: Makwana Kolis converted to Islam , and like them , observed a mixed Mahomedan and Hindu religions |language=en}}</ref> ===Satav Kolis=== The '''Satav''', or '''Sataw''' is a [[Gotra|clan]] of [[Malhar Koli|Malhar]] [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tribhuwan |first=Robin D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JC-014hKeKAC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA226&dq=Satav+Koli&hl=en |title=Fairs and Festivals of Indian Tribes |date=2003 |publisher=Discovery Publishing House |year=2003 |isbn=978-81-7141-640-0 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |language=en}}</ref> The Satav clan of [[Koli rebellions|Kolis]] was hereditary [[priest]] and responsible for [[Mahalakshmi Temple, Dahanu|Mahalaxmi]] temple of [[Dahanu]] and considered the Mahalakshmi as their clan deity.{{sfn|Tribhuwan|2003|pp=26}} Satav Kolis also served as the royal priest to the rulers of [[Jawhar State]].{{sfn|Tribhuwan|2003|pp=27}} ===Sonwane Kolis=== The '''Sonavane''', or '''Sonawane''' (also spelled as '''Sonvane''' and '''Sonwane''') is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=97 - 100: Clans of Mahadev Kolis: Sonavane, Bhangare, Ashvale, Shinghade, Mali, Shelar |language=en}}</ref> ===Shelkande Kolis=== The '''Shilkande''', or '''Shelkande''' and '''Shilkunda''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of the [[Maharashtra]] and neighbouring Territories.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=99 - 100: Clans of Mahadev Kolis of Maharashtra: Kadam, Rongate, Shilkande, Sabale, Joshi, Mane, Kavale, Pore ...... |language=en}}</ref> The Shilkunda Kolis revolted against [[Peshwa]] ([[Prime Minister of India|Prime minister]] of [[Maratha Empire]]) because of their [[land rights]] and cutoff the head of [[Patil (title)|Patil]] of Chovisi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=104 |language=en}}</ref> ===Satpute Kolis=== The '''Satpute''', or '''Sutpute''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Karve |first=Irawati Karmarkar |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=fRzVAAAAMAAJ |title=Group Relations in Village Community |last2=Damle |first2=Yashwant Bhaskar |date=1963 |publisher=S.M. Katre |year=1963 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=13: As regards the Kolis , there were in all 17 clans. The names of these Koli clans were as follows : -Asvale , Kudekar , Memane , Lohokare , Langhi , Vadekar , Kede , [[Jadhav]] , Satpute, Talape, Lokhande, Supe, Gaware, Kalute, Bhalinge, Bhavari and Yande. |language=en}}</ref> The Kolis of Satpute clan [[Koli rebellions|revolted]] against [[British Raj|British]] rule in [[List of districts of Maharashtra|Maharashtra]] under their [[List of Koli people|Koli]] chief Sakharam Satpute and captured the British offices and plundered the British controlled Territories in [[Konkan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=Neena Ambre |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=J_faAAAAMAAJ |title=Forest Ecology in India: Colonial Maharashtra, 1850-1950 |date=2008 |publisher=Foundation Books |year=2008 |isbn=978-81-7596-549-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=166 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hangloo |first=Rattan Lal |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=nwVuAAAAMAAJ |title=New Themes in Indian History: Art, Politics, Gender, Environment, and Culture |last2=Murali |first2=A. |date=2007 |publisher=[[Black & White]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-89320-15-7 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=391 |language=en}}</ref> ===Charavadia Kolis=== The '''Charavadia''', or '''Charvadia''' and '''Charawadia''' (also spelled as '''Charavadiya''',<ref name=":1" /> '''Charawadiya''', '''Charwadia''' and '''Charvadiya''') is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref name=":0"/> The Charavadia Kolis originated from Bokadthamba village and in 2019, Their population was 700 only and the Bokadthamba village is inhebited by only Charavadia clan of Kolis.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2019-09-14 |title=This is cursed village of Gujarat, people of only one surname live here |url= |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=News Track |language=English}}</ref> Around 1500 A. D., The ruler of [[Wankaner State|Wankaner]] [[Princely state|State]] gave the Bokadthamba village to four [[Chunvalia Koli|Chunvalia]] [[List of Koli people|Koli]] brothers and now Charavadias are descendants of those Koli brothers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ગુજરાતનું એક શ્રાપિત ગામ, જ્યાં અટક બદલતાની સાથે જ થાય છે આવી હાલત |url=http://sandesh.com/gujrat-cursed-bokadthambha-village-every-one-has-charavadia-surname/ |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=sandesh.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ગુજરાતનું એક શાપિત ગામ, 700ની વસ્તી પણ બધાની એક જ અટક! |url=https://www.iamgujarat.com/gujarat/rajkot/village-in-gujarat-where-everyone-has-one-same-surname/articleshow/75915201.cms |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=I am Gujarat |language=gu}}</ref> ===Kokate Kolis=== The '''Kokate''', or '''Kokata'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gāre |first=Govinda |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vZciAAAAMAAJ |title=Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis |date=1976 |publisher=Shubhada Saraswat Publications |year=1976 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=26 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=98: Clans of Mahadev Kolis: Lahure, Kokate, Bhoir, Konkane, Korade, Lote, Pote |language=en}}</ref> in 1776, Kokata Kolis [[Koli rebellions|revolted]] against [[Peshwa]] government in [[Maratha Empire]].<ref name=":0"/> The Kokote Kolis served in [[Maratha Empire]] as [[Subedar]] and [[Faujdar]]. The Koli subedar burnt down the rebellion of [[Gavli|Gavlis]] against Peshwa. ===Kirave Kolis=== The '''Kirave''', or '''Kirve''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]] and neighbouring areas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=kOU9AAAAIAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year= |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=97 - 99 - 103: clans of Mahadev Kolis: Bande, Kirave, Ghode, Popere, Shelke, Bambale |language=en}}</ref> in 1829, The Kolis of Kirwe clan revolted against [[British Raj|British]] rule in [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hassan |first=Syed Siraj ul |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lYSd-3yL9h0C&dq=Kirwa+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions |date=1989 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |year=1989 |isbn=978-81-206-0488-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=333 |language=en}}</ref> ===Kengale Kolis=== The '''Kengale''', or '''Kangle''' ([[Hindi]]: केंगले कोली) is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in the [[Maharashtra]] [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=98 - 99: clans of Mahadev Kolis: Jangale, Kengale, Khade, Gambhire, Kavate, Konkane, Mali..... |language=en}}</ref> The [[List of Koli people|Kolis]] of Kengle clan [[Koli Rebellions|revolted]] against [[British Raj|British]] [[British Army|rule]] and [[Sahu|Sahukars]], or [[Loan|Moneylenders]] in [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] in 1872 to 1876 under their chief.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Krishan |first=Shri |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7sOGAwAAQBAJ&dq=Kengle+Kolis&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Political Mobilization and Identity in Western India, 1934-47 |date=2005-04-07 |publisher=SAGE Publications India |year= |isbn=978-81-321-0208-3 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=146 |language=en}}</ref> ===Bhangare Kolis=== The '''Bhangare''', or '''Bhangre''' is a [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli people|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vidyarthi |first=Lalita Prasad |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=scgz0Uzn64YC&pg=PA163&dq=Bhangare+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiHmbbM74H3AhUPxosBHWHaDEkQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=Bhangare%20Koli&f=false |title=The Tribal Culture of India |last2=Rai |first2=Binay Kumar |date=1977 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |year=1977 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=163 |language=en}}</ref> Bhangare Kolis were granted the villages from [[Peshwa]] and served as [[Patil (title)|Patil]] and [[Deshmukh]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gāre |first=Govinda |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vZciAAAAMAAJ |title=Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis |date=1976 |publisher=Shubhada Saraswat |year=1976 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=26: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis Govinda Gāre. to the grant of jahagirs to the three Mahadeo Koli families , Bhangare , Bamble and Bokad and titles of Patil and Deshmukh by Peshwa |language=en}}</ref> in 1761 for [[Maratha (caste)|Maratha]] [[Maratha Empire|Empire]], Bhangare Kolis along with Pattikar Kolis captured the [[Trymbakgad|Trimbak]] [[Forts in India|fort]] from [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]] [[Princely state|state]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=12: An entry of A.D. 1769-70 in the Diary of [[Madhav rao I]] refers to the grant of villages to three Koli families, Bhangare, Bambale and Bokad, as reward. An entry for the year A.D. 1776-77 in [[Savai Madhavrao]]'s Diary refers to the breaking in of [[Javji Bamble|Jiwaji Bambale]] and bringing him under submission and service to the [[Peshwa]] along with prominent kolis Khade, Bhangare and Pichad of [[Rajur]]. these families those of Bhangare and Khade worked as daring [[Subedar]]s, along with Pattikar brothers of Koli caste, in the conquest from the Nizam, in A.D. 1761, of the fort of Trimbak for the Peshwa. |language=en}}</ref> ===Maliwad Kolis=== The '''Maliwad''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Commissioner |first=India Census |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=CAavHcdbFVwC |title=Census of India, 1931 |date=1933 |publisher=Manager of Publications |year=1933 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=510: Subdivisions of armed Kolis: Khant, Dharala, Maliwad, Damor....... |language=en}}</ref> or '''Malivad''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lal |first=R. B. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4Cy_-FXW9BQC&dq=Maliwad+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Gujarat |date=2003 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=2003 |isbn=978-81-7991-104-4 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=128: Clans of Kolis: Damor, Pagi, Maliwad, Chauhan |language=en}}</ref> During the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Rebellion of 1857]], The Maliwad Kolis of [[Khanpur, Gujarat|Khanpur]] in [[Lunavada State|Lunawara State]] revolted against [[Rana (title)|Rana]] of Lunawada under their Koli [[List of Koli states and clans|chieftain]] Suralmal of Khanpur. Because of [[Koli rebellions|Koli rebellion]], Rana sought help from [[British Raj|British]] government and [[British Indian Army|British troops]] under [[Major]] Buckle attacked at Maliwad Koli rebels and suppressed the rebellions.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ddUgAAAAMAAJ |title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India |date=1985 |publisher=Usha Publications |year=1985 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=819 |language=en}}</ref> In 1870, The Maliwad Kolis again raised and breakdown the peace in the state and British controlled Territories.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gujarat (India) |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=xYNhAAAAIAAJ |title=Gujarat State Gazetteers: Panchmahals |date=1972 |publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State |year=1972 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=130: Maliwads |language=en}}</ref> ===Mer Kolis=== The '''Mer''', or '''Mair'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chanchreek |first=Kanhaiyalal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MD8wAQAAIAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Kshatriyas in Buddha's Age: Ruling Races in Buddhist India |last2=Jain |first2=Mahesh Kumar |date=2008 |publisher=Shree Publishers & Distributors |isbn=978-81-8329-188-0 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=193: They were called at this time Mairs, a clan of Kolees, and [[Sonang Mer|Sonung Mair]] was their leader.... |language=en}}</ref> is a [[Clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond Brady |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rs5JDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Shibani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=31: The 222 ataks (Gotra) of [[Koli people|Koli]]s mentioned in the lineage chart are presumed to have been derived from [[Kshatriya]] clan names or from the names of the village from which the Kolis hail. Moreover, these "ataks' do not exhibit any type of heirarchic sub divisions. All of them have equal status below the Mer and [[Makwana (clan)|Makwana]] ataks (clans). |language=en}}</ref> During the reign of Koli chieftain [[Dhan Mer of Dhandhuka]], Mer Kolis were more powerful.<ref>{{Cite book |url= |title=[[Indian Antiquary]]: A Journal of Oriental Research in Archaeology, History, Literature, Languages, Folklore Etc |date= |publisher=[[Times of India]] |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=194 |language=en}}</ref> Mer Kolis of [[Dhandhuka]] defeated the [[Rajput|Rajputs]] of [[Vallabhi|Vallabhipur]] to restore the peace to the [[Brahmin|Brahmins]] of Vallabhipur.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pfeffer |first=Georg |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NEBLAAAAYAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Contemporary Society: Concept of tribal society |last2=Behera |first2=Deepak Kumar |date=1997 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7022-640-6 |location=[[New Delhi]] [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=199 |language=en}}</ref> ===Khade Kolis=== The '''Khade''', or '''Khare''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=99: Clans of Kolis of Maharashtra: Khade, Khokale, Jangale, Mali, Gode, Talpade, Shilakande |language=en}}</ref> Khade Kolis served in [[Maratha (caste)|Maratha]] [[Maratha Empire|Empire]] as [[Subedar]] and in 1761, Khade Kolis along with [[Bhangare Kolis|Bhangare]] and [[Pattikar Kolis|Pattikar]] [[List of Koli people|Kolis]] captured the [[Trimbak]] fort from [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]] [[Princely state|State]] and annexed in Maratha Empire.{{sfn|Ghurye|1957|pp=12|ps=}} But in 1776 - 77, Khade Kolis revolted against [[Peshwa]] government and captured several of [[Forts in India|forts]] from Peshwa under their Koli leader [[Javji Bamble]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=104 |language=en}}</ref> Khade Kolis were [[Jagir|jahagirdars]] until the Jahagirs were recently abolished after [[Independence of India|Independence]].{{sfn|Ghurye|1957|pp=12|ps=}} They also were [[Inamdar (feudal title)|Inamdars]] and [[Nayak (title)|Naiks]] during Maratha Empire.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Frederick Bruce |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=S9dmbS_n9UEC |title=Adaptation to Colonial Rule by the "wild Tribes" of the Bombay Deccan, 1818-1880: From Political Competition to Social Banditry |date=1978 |publisher=[[University of Minnesota]] |year=1978 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=183 - 239 - 266 |language=en}}</ref> The Khade Kolis revolted against [[British Raj|British]] rule and [[Sahukar]] cheaters under their chief '''Haibati Khade''' and plundered the British controlled territory and [[Loan|Moneylenders]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=Neena Ambre |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=J_faAAAAMAAJ |title=Forest Ecology in India: Colonial Maharashtra, 1850-1950 |date=2008 |publisher=Foundation Books |year=2008 |isbn=978-81-7596-549-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=166 |language=en}}</ref> ===Bambale Kolis=== The '''Bambale''', or '''Bamble'''<ref name=":0"/> is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=97: Clans of Mahadev Kolis: Bambale, Bharmal, Bhojane, Gengje, Langhi, Tambekar, Umbhare |language=en}}</ref> Bambale Kolis served in [[Maratha Empire]] and were received the grants of the [[Jagir|Jagirs]] by [[Peshwa]] [[Madhavrao I]] in 1769 - 70.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gāre |first=Govinda |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vZciAAAAMAAJ |title=Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis |date=1976 |publisher=Shubhada Saraswat |year=1976 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=26: Bamble |language=en}}</ref> Bambale Kolis served at good positions Such as [[Patil (title)|Patil]], [[Mansabdar]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Frederick Bruce |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=S9dmbS_n9UEC |title=Adaptation to Colonial Rule by the "wild Tribes" of the Bombay Deccan, 1818-1880: From Political Competition to Social Banditry |date=1978 |publisher=[[University of Minnesota]] |year=1978 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=256 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Nayak (title)|Nayak]]<ref name=":0" /> in [[Maratha Empire]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=109 - 120 |language=en}}</ref> ===Chauhan Kolis=== The '''Chauhan'''<ref>{{Cite book|last=Roy|first=Shibani|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ|title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar|date=1983|publisher=Cosmo Publications|year=1983|location=Delhi, India|pages=98|language=en}}</ref> also spelled as '''Chouhan''' and '''Chohan''' is a [[clan]] of the [[Talpada]] and [[Patels|Patel]] [[Koli people|Kolis]] of the [[Gujarat]] and [[Rajasthan]] states in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Perez|first=Rosa Maria|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GDRWAglUumEC&dq=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80&pg=PA71|title=Kings and Untouchables: A Study of the Caste System in Western India|date=2004|publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]]|year=2004|isbn=978-81-8028-014-6|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=71|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Doshi|first=Shambu Lal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WEMkAQAAIAAJ|title=Anthropology of Food and Nutrition|date=1995|publisher=Rawat Publications|year=1995|isbn=978-81-7033-278-7|location=[[Delhi]], India|pages=67|language=en}}</ref> The indian historian ''L. S. Vishwanath'' states that before the [[Independence of India]], Kolis of Chauhan clan made the [[Marital relationship|marital relations]] with poor [[Rajput|Rajputs]] because poor Rajputs were not able to pay heavy burden of [[Dowry]] to marry their daughters so they married with elite Koli families of Chauhan, Rathod and Solanki clans and then Kolis claimed to be [[Kshatriya]] called as Nava Kshatriya.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Vishwanath|first=L. S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ukDAQAAIAAJ|title=Female Infanticide and Social Structure: A Socio-historical Study in Western and Northern India|date=2000|publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation|year=2000|isbn=978-81-7075-057-4|location=New Delhi, India|pages=38|language=en}}</ref> The Chauhan kolis ruled over petty [[Princely state|princely states]] of [[Katosan State|Katosan]] and [[Likhi State|Likhi]] in [[Mahi Kantha Agency]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t9UgAAAAMAAJ|title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India|date=1985|publisher=Usha Publications|year=1985|location=New Delhi, India|pages=64–198|language=en}}</ref> ===Khasia Kolis=== The '''Khasia''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singhji |first=Virbhadra |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=NYK7ZSpPzkUC&dq=Khasia+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=The Rajputs of Saurashtra |date=1994 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=1994 |isbn=978-81-7154-546-9 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=49: The Khasia Kolis near [[Mahuva]] or the [[Thakor|Koli - Thakarda]]s of Gujarat are same |language=en}}</ref> or '''Khasiya'''<ref name=":0" /> is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Dr. Shibani |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |year=1983 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=98: Clans of Kolis of Gujarat: Khamani, Khasia, Khambnani, Khomani, Khoraba, Gabu |language=en}}</ref> The Mahuva was the stronghold or controlled by Khasia Kolis but they were defeated by the [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]] Wakhatsinhji of [[Bhavnagar State]] and their controlled Territories of Mahuva, Kundla, [[Rajula]], [[Gadhada]] and [[Botad]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rajyagor |first=S. B. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-0pAAAAAMAAJ |title=History of Gujarat |date=1982 |publisher=S. Chand Publications |year=1982 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=378: Bhavnagar State under Vakhtsinhaji had conquered, [[Talaja]] from the [[Nawab]] of [[Khambhat]] and the strongholds of [[Mahuva]], Kundla , [[Rajula]], [[Gadhada]] and [[Botad]] from Khasia Kolis who were under nominal protection of Nawab of [[Junagadh]]. |language=en}}</ref> Khasiya Kolis were pirates in Gujarat ocean and lived by piracy.<ref name=":0"/> The Khasia Kolis of Gujarat got their name from Khas village in Ranpur [[Regions of Gujarat|region]] of [[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]] [[List of districts of Gujarat|district]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=DQFnsgkrkG8C |title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India |date=1985 |publisher=Usha Publications |year=1985 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=487 |language=en}}</ref> The Khasia Kolis around [[Mahuva, Bhavnagar|Mahuva]] in [[Gohelwar|Gohilwad]] district, had marital relations with [[Gohil dynasty|Gohils]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=RY1uAAAAMAAJ |title=Division and Hierarchy: An Overview of Caste in Gujarat |last2=Desai |first2=Ishwarlal Pragji |date=1988 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1988 |isbn=978-81-7075-008-6 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=60 |language=en}}</ref> [[Juna Padar]] and [[Shevdivadar]] were ruled by Kolis of Khasia clan<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=c70MAAAAIAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA706&dq=Khasia+Koli&hl=en&redir_esc=y |title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency ... |date=1884 |publisher=Printed at the Government Central Press |language=en}}</ref> ===Pattikar Kolis=== The '''Pattikar''', or '''Patekar''', '''Pattekar''' and '''Patikar''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]] and neighbouring Territories.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=100: Clans of Mahadev Kolis of Maharashtra: Patekar, Padhole, Jadhav, Jadhav, Chaudhary, Gabale.... |language=en}}</ref> In 1761, The Pattikar Kolis with the help of [[Bhangare Kolis|Bhangare]] and [[Khade Kolis|Khade]] [[List of Koli people|Kolis]] captured the [[Forts in India|fort]] of [[Trimbak]] from [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]] [[Princely state|state]] and gave it to [[Peshwa]] ([[Prime Minister of India|Prime minister]]) of [[Maratha Empire]].{{sfn|Ghurye|1957|pp=12|ps=}} They were led by [[Kheroji Pattikar]] who was serving in Maratha Empire and was rewarded with grants of villages and a large sum of money.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=104 |language=en}}</ref> ===Chivhe Kolis=== The '''Chivhe''', or '''Chive'''<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=esAIAAAAQAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA430&dq=Chive+Koli&hl=en&redir_esc=y |title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Poona (3 pts.) |date=1885 |publisher=Government Central Press |language=en}}</ref> is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]]. Chivhe Kolis were [[Nayak (title)|Naiks]] of [[Purandar Fort|Purandar]] [[Forts in India|fort]] served in [[Maratha Empire]] of [[Shivaji]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Guha |first=Sumit |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=KHa7DwAAQBAJ&dq=Chivhe+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=History and Collective Memory in South Asia, 1200–2000 |date=2019-11-01 |publisher=[[University of Washington Press]] |year=2019 |isbn=978-0-295-74623-4 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=93 - 96 - 191 |language=en}}</ref> Chivhe Kolis were soldiers, cultivators and [[Vatandar]] in Maratha Empire and also in [[Bidar Sultanate|Bidar]] [[Deccan sultanates|Sultanate]] and received the title of [[Sarnaik]] from Bidar [[Badshah]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Guha |first=Sumit |url=http://archive.org/details/environmentethni0000guha |title=Environment and ethnicity in India, 1200-1991 |date=1999 |publisher=[[New York]] : [[Cambridge University Press]] |others=Internet Archive |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-521-64078-7 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=110 - 119}}</ref> The Chivhe Kolis of [[Purandar Fort|Purandar]] revolted against the [[Peshwa]] government because of the appointing of new [[Sarnaik]] named Abhaji [[Purandare]] who was a [[Brahmin]] by [[Caste system in India|caste]]. Chivhe Kolis were not in favour of Abhaji Purandare because they were [[Vatandar]] and Purandare was controlling their rights on land. Thereupon, Abhaji Purandare dismissed all of them and appointed fresh fortkeepers. After that 400 Chivhe Kolis entered and captured the fort by killing officers and took control of [[garrison]]. a duty imposed on the surrounding villages. they brought out their weapons and proceeded to seize control of the fort on 7 May 1764. Five days later they took the fort of Rudramal. Interestingly, they appointed a [[Brahman]], Visaji Kesava to superintend affairs within the fort. They also began to appropriate the state and private property in the fort for safe-keeping. [[Peshwa]] [[Raghunath Rao|Raghunathrao]] had went to fort to worship the temple but there peshwa was captured by them. Finally, the garrison despatched horsemen and began to collect tribute from adjoining regions. Reproved for this, Kondaji Naik Chivhe wrote to the Peshwa: ‘''Then how is the master’s fort to be safeguarded by us on empty stomachs?''’; and demanded a years’ pay and pro visions. The infuriated Raghunathrao despatched [[Maratha (caste)|Maratha]] troops to punish the insurgents Kolis but [[Maratha Army|Maratha army]] was unable to enter the fortresses controlled by Chivhe Kolis. Peshwa began seizing the families of the insurgents (Chivhe Kolis), beating and maltreating the women and children, and burning villages.The insurgents were quite aware of the tensions between Raghunathrao and his nephew, and sent a delegation with protestations of loyalty to the camp of [[Madhavrao I|Madhavrao]], then on the [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]] frontier. Raghunathrao’s attempts for repression also failed to the insurgents, who had ‘taken the tiger- hunters’ oath’, and he now decided to win over the garrison to his side by reinstating them.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Guha |first=Sumit |url=http://archive.org/details/environmentethni0000guha |title=Environment and ethnicity in India, 1200-1991 |date=1999 |publisher=[[New York]] : [[Cambridge University Press]] |others=[[Internet Archive]] |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-521-64078-7 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=112 - 114 |language=[[English language|English]]}}</ref> ===Mewasi Kolis=== The '''Mewasi''', or '''Mevasi''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhatnagar |first=Rashmi Dube |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=FK6_l2_TCfgC&dq=Mevasi+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Female Infanticide in India: A Feminist Cultural History |last2=Dube |first2=Renu |last3=Dube |first3=Reena |date=2012-02-01 |publisher=[[State University of New York Press]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-7914-8385-5 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=266 |language=en}}</ref> '''Mehwasi'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Krishan |first=Shri |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=SM9jDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT46&dq=Mehwasi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj38Z6KyZP6AhVSXHwKHYWzDyMQ6AF6BAgFEAE#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Political Mobilization and Identity in Western India, 1934-47 |date=2005-04-07 |publisher=SAGE Publishing India |year=2005 |isbn=978-93-5280-307-1 |location=New Delhi, India |language=en}}</ref> is a Clan (Gotra) of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]]. The Koli chieftains of villages populated by Kolis were titled as ''Mewasi'' because of their rebellious activities against [[List of Maratha Rulers|Maratha]] and [[Mughal emperors|Mughal]] rulers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kohli |first=Atul |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=wAMABAAAQBAJ&dq=Mewasi+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=India's Democracy: An Analysis of Changing State-Society Relations |date=2014-07-14 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-4008-5951-1 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=267 |language=en}}</ref> In that days, Mewasi word was used to describe the unruly, turbulent and violent person but during [[British Raj]], Mewasi was used for Koli chieftains in rebellions against British rule as a hero.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1995 |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=200 |language=en}}</ref> Koli Mewasis liked the independent rule of self so they always fought against their [[Raja|Rajas]], [[Maharaja|Maharajas]] and other rulers. Koli Mewasis often plundered the villages to collect the revenue.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=dwluAAAAMAAJ |title=Dominance and State Power in Modern India: Decline of a Social Order |date=1989 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1989 |isbn=978-0-19-562098-6 |edition=2nd |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=66 |language=en}}</ref> In the fifteenth century , the early [[Sultan|Sultans]] of [[Ahmedabad]] attempted to subjugate the Koli Mehwasis; but they were met with such a sturdy resistance from those chiefs, who were naturally helped by the wild nature of their Koli chiefs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Patel |first=Govindlal Dalsukhbhai |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=c3kuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Indian Land Problem and Legislation |date=1954 |publisher=N. M. Tripathi |year=1954 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=78 |language=en}}</ref> Firozkhan II ruled at [[Palanpur State|Palanpur]] from 1707-1719, during which period he attacked and took [[Tharad]] which was ruled by Koli chieftain, subdued the Koli Mewasis of Sur Bhakhri, Kidotar and [[Dabhel|Dabhela]] and extended his territory.<ref>{{Cite book |url= |title=The Palanpur Agency Directory |date=1919 |publisher= |year=1919 |edition=2nd |location=[[Mumbai]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]] |pages=20 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Rewa Kantha Agency|Rewakantha]] settlements were made during the regime of [[Sayaji Rao I Gaekwad|Sayajirao]]. these areas were constantly disturbed by the depredations of the Koli Mehwasis, and the maintenance of law and order in these areas became a challenge for Baroda government.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kamerkar |first=Mani |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=zmMfAAAAMAAJ |title=British Paramountcy: British-Baroda Relations, 1818-1848 |date=1980 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=1980 |isbn=978-0-940500-75-4 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=33 |language=en}}</ref> Here are some prominent subclans of Koli Mewasis: [[Baria]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Patel |first=Govindlal Dalsukhbhai |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=L0A_AAAAIAAJ |title=Agrarian Reforms in Bombay: The Legal and Economic Consequences of the Abolition of Land Tenures |date=1950 |publisher=the Author |year=1950 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=50 |language=en}}</ref> The villages which were ruled or controlled by rebellious [[List of Koli people|Koli]] chieftains and inhabited by turbulent Kolis were called ''Mewasi Villages'' by [[Mughal emperors|Mughal]] rulers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=zePZAAAAMAAJ |title=Exploring India's Rural Past: A Gujarat Village in the Early Nineteenth Century |date=2002 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-19-565732-6 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=28 |language=en}}</ref> The Barmuvada, Chhapra, Khumarwad were most notable Mewasi villages and their Koli chieftains were recieving ''Giras'' dues from Radhvanaj rulers.{{sfn|Shah|2002|pp=39}} The [[British Raj|British]] government always faced the trouble in Mehwasi areas and used the troops to collect the annual revenue.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gidwani |first=Vinay Krishin |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7B5NAQAAMAAJ |title=Fluid Dynamics: An Essay on Canal Irrigation and the Processses of Agrarian Change in Matar Taluka (Gujarat). India |date=1996 |publisher=[[University of California, Berkeley]] |year=1996 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=165 - 167 |language=en}}</ref> ===Baria Kolis=== The '''Baria Koli''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Enthoven |first=Reginald Edward |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=FoT6gPrbTp8C&pg=PA65&dq=Baria+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiSornIiPL2AhVESWwGHV7oDUc4ZBDoAXoECAgQAw#v=onepage&q=Baria%20Koli&f=false |title=The Tribes and Castes of Bombay |date=1990 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |year=1990 |isbn=978-81-206-0630-2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=65 |language=en}}</ref> or '''Baraiya,'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yājñika |first=Acyuta |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=wmKIiAPgnF0C&pg=PA304&dq=Baraiya+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiI1pjfj_L2AhUs4zgGHZHwAEQQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Baraiya%20Koli&f=false |title=The Shaping of Modern Gujarat: Plurality, Hindutva, and Beyond |last2=Sheth |first2=Suchitra |date=2005 |publisher=[[Penguin Books India]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-14-400038-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=304 |language=en}}</ref> '''Bareeya'''<ref name=":1"/> and '''Bariya'''<ref name=":0"/> is a [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|clan]] of the [[List of Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian State]] of [[Gujarat]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=A community called Koli - Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/a-community-called-koli------------------------/214908/ |access-date=2022-04-01 |website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref> and [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gopal |first=Krishna |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pQfgAAAAMAAJ |title=Fairs and Festivals of India: Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra |date=2003 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |year=2003 |isbn=978-81-212-0811-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=35 |language=en}}</ref> the [[Devgadh Baria|Devgad Baria]] was their Stronghold or given their name to [[Baria State]] in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Desai |first=Anjali H. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=gZRLGZNZEoEC&dq=Baria+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=India Guide Gujarat |date=2007 |publisher=India Guide Publications |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-9789517-0-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=184 |language=en}}</ref> according to the historian '''Y.V.S Nath''', the ruling royal family of [[Baria State]] is original [[Koli people|Koli]] by caste but later they claimed to be of [[Rajput]] origin to be in high status among other [[Princely State]]s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nath |first=Y. V. S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=eXEbAAAAMAAJ |title=Bhils of Ratanmal: An Analysis of the Social Structure of a Western Indian Community |date=1960 |publisher=[[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]] |year=1960 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=65: presence in these regions, by explaining that they came in the wake of the founders of the present ruling houses of Bariya State and other estates in the area. The latter however claim to be Rajputs today, though the local traditions give them a Koli extraction." Till recently, most of the thakurdari and ankadi rights in these States were held by Bariya Kolis. Some of them even claim kinship with the Rulers of Baria and the Thakurs of Ratanmal. |language=en}}</ref> According to the census records of 1931, there were 1,03,769 [[Hindus|Hindu]] Baria Kolis and 5 Baria Kolis were converted to [[Jainism|Jain]] [[Religion in India|religion]] in the [[Baroda State]] of [[Gaekwad dynasty|Gaekwars]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1995 |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=188 |language=en}}</ref> The Baria Kolis got their name from the [[Devgadh Baria]] of Gujarat and it was their Stronghold as well as they were lawless and turbulent people.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=RY1uAAAAMAAJ |title=Division and Hierarchy: An Overview of Caste in Gujarat |last2=Desai |first2=Ishwarlal Pragji |date=1988 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1988 |isbn=978-81-7075-008-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=7 |language=en}}</ref> Historically, the Baria Kolis were well known [[Koli piracy in India|pirates]] of Gujarat and the [[Piram Island|Piram]] [[island]] of Gujarat was stronghold of Baria Koli pirates but later they were defeated by [[Mokhadaji Gohil]] in 1325.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singhji |first=Virbhadra |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=NYK7ZSpPzkUC&dq=Baria+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=The Rajputs of Saurashtra |date=1994 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=1994 |isbn=978-81-7154-546-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=39 |language=en}}</ref> [[Rawal]] [[Bhavsinhji II|Bhavsinhji]] of [[Bhavnagar State|Bhavnagar]] died in 1764, leaving behind him five sons, and the eldest of and these, Akherajji I, succeeded as Ruler of the State. At this juncture the fort of [[Talaja, Bhavnagar|Talaja]] was in the hands of Baria Koli pirates, a ment lawless band of pirates who infested the western littoral from [[Cambay State|Cambay]] to the [[Indus River|Indus]]. Their unjust exactions pressed so heavily upon merchants in that locality that the large trade previously carried on was almost entirely ruined, even British ships falling ment then sent [[Troop|troops]], which were assisted by Rawal Akherajji and his army, and it was their combined forces which captured the stronghold of Talaja and defeated the Baria clan of Koli pirates.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bond |first=J. W. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=47sfj8DUwNgC&dq=Baria+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey |last2=Wright |first2=Arnold |date=2006 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-81-206-1965-4 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=371 - 376 |language=en}}</ref> During the [[British Raj|British]] Raj in Gujarat, The Baria Kolis were holders of Vanta lands (private estates).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Clark |first=Alice Whitcomb |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PQFtAAAAMAAJ |title=Central Gujarat in the Nineteenth Century: The Integration of an Agrarian System |date=1979 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin--Madison]] |year=1979 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=354 - 355 |language=en}}</ref> the Bariya Kolis were formerly known as Bandits because of their anti-social activities but later settled as agriculturist in villages.<ref name=":0" /> Around 1950, Kolis of Baria clan joined the [[Gujarat Kshatriya Sabha]] which was started by Koli elite [[Natwarsinh Solanki]] for upliftment of Koli society.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghosh |first=Buddhadeb |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=zleOAAAAMAAJ |title=State Politics and Panchayats in India |last2=Kumar |first2=Girish |date=2003 |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |year=2003 |isbn=978-81-7304-487-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=95 |language=en}}</ref> after joining the Sabha, Baria Kolis were not in conflicts against [[Rajput|Rajputs]] but Kolis of [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] didn't joined the Sabha because they think that [[Patidar]] is not our enemy and we don't need Rajputs to be called as [[Kshatriya]].<ref name=":1" /> ===Shial Kolis=== The '''Shial''', or '''Shiyal''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]]. They were noted [[Koli piracy in Gujarat|pirates]] of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond Brady |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=rs5JDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PT94&dq=Shials+Kolis&hl=en&redir_esc=y |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |language=en}}</ref> Shial Kolis defeated and captured the Shial island from [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]] [[Portuguese India Armadas|India]] and make it their stronghold along with [[Chanch, Gujarat|Chanch]] but later they were defeated by [[Nawab]] of [[Janjira State|Janjira]] and [[Jafarabad State|Jafrabad]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Department |first=Great Britain Hydrographic |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=jIZKh-zoF-0C&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA36&dq=Shial+Kolis&hl=en&redir_esc=y |title=The West India Pilot |date=1987 |publisher=J. D. Potter. |year=1987 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=36 |language=en}}</ref> during the [[World War I]], they were enlisted as soldiers in [[British Indian Army]] by [[British Raj|British Indian government]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Duk2AQAAMAAJ |title=A Short Record of Bombay Recruiting During the Great War |date=1919 |publisher=Printed at the Government Central Press |year=1919 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=17 |language=en}}</ref> The Shial Kolis got their name from the Shial [[island]] situated at south coast of [[Kathiawar]].<ref name=":0"/> == Major clans and surnames == A few major Koli clans and families are: * '''Malusare''' – Tied to warrior heritage; the legendary Maratha commander [[Tanaji Malusare]] is traditionally referred to as a Koli warrior. * '''Patil''' – A very common title and surname indicating village leadership; used by Kolis in Maharashtra. * '''More''' – A Koli clan present in western Maharashtra, occasionally linked with landholding and administrative positions. * '''Sarnaik''' – Title borne by Koli fort soldiers and coastal defenders. * '''Chavan''', '''Bhosale''', '''Nikam''', and '''Pawar''' – Present in many Koli groups, sometimes coinciding with names of Maratha lineages, indicative of military integration. * '''Mukne''' – The princely [[Jawhar State]] ruling dynasty in Palghar district, Maharashtra. The Mukne family was the ruling clan from the 14th century through the mid-20th century. * '''Pawar Koli''' – Ruling clan of the erstwhile [[Surgana State]] in Nashik district as of today. == See more == * [[Koli dance]] == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Koli clan, Koli title}} [[Category:Koli]] 4p65kyvdiu1e1ftdsl3ja5taqfm7ouy 10367578 10367569 2025-07-02T12:09:25Z MathXplore 966595 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/103.240.170.83|103.240.170.83]] ([[User talk:103.240.170.83|talk]]) to last version by MathXplore 10142614 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''[[Koli caste|Koli]]''' is a Indian [[caste]] mostly found in the Indian states of [[Gujarat]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]], [[Goa]], [[Telangana]], [[Daman and Diu]] and [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]. Here are the information about [[Koli rebellion|Koli]] [[Clan|clans]] ([[Gotra]]) and [[Title|titles]] (Upadhi): Before the [[Indian independence movement|Independence of India]], in Gujarat, the Bhil women were [[Concubinage|Concubines]] for the [[Koli Patel|Koli]] [[Tribal chief|landlords]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nath |first=Y. V. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eXEbAAAAMAAJ |title=Bhils of Ratanmal: An Analysis of the Social Structure of a Western Indian Community |publisher=[[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]] |year=1960 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=62: in Pipergota, a ruler is having a Dhanaki concubine for a number of years. But he does not live with her. He accepts no food from her. So his purity is unaffected and be remains a member of the higher society. Quite a few Bhilala land holders have Naika woman their concubines and in Baria, such relations are said to exist between the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]]s and [[Bhil]] women. |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=[[Vadodara|Baroda]] |first=[[Maharaja Sayajirao University]] of |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JNFUXvF9gywC&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Sociological Monograph Series |date=1960 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=62: in Pipergota, a ruler is having a Dhanaki concubine for a number of years. But he does not live with her. He accepts no food from her. So his purity is unaffected and be remains a member of the higher society. Quite a few Bhilala land holders have Naika woman their concubines and in Baria, such relations are said to exist between the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]]s and [[Bhil]] women. |language=en}}</ref> [[File:A Coolie Chieftain.jpg|thumb|A [[portrait]] of a [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[Tribal chief|chieftain]] of [[Dahewan]] by [[James Forrestal|James Forbes]], 1813]] == Clans (Gotra) == === Vala Kolis === The '''Vala''', or '''Wala''' is a Koli [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) found in the [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[Gujarat]] in [[India]]. They claim to be the earliest [[Koli people|Koli]] settlers in [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]], and are descendants of Dhan Mer who was son of Koli [[Tribal chief|chieftain]] [[Sonang Mer]], who defeated the ruler of the [[Vala State|Vala]] kingdom ([[Vallabhi|Valabhi]]) of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kumar |first=Satinder |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qtkjAQAAIAAJ |title=Encyclopaedia of South-Asian Tribes: The Kinnaura - The Korwa |date=2000 |publisher=Anmol Publications |isbn=978-81-261-0517-5 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |page=1557 |quote=The Talapada Koli are divided into exogamous clans, Four of those clans, Merh, [[Chauhan]], [[Makwana (clan)|Makwana]] and Bhaliya are considered superior and the rest clans namely [[Rathod (surname)|Rathod]], Vala, Heera and [[Solanki (clan)|Solanki]] are placed below them |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aRdOAQAAMAAJ |title=The Scheduled Castes |date=1995 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-563742-7 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[India]] |page=576 |quote=The Talapada Koli are divided into exogamous clans. Four of those clans, Merh, [[Chauhan]], [[Makwana (clan)|Makwana]] and Bhaliya are considered superior and the rest clans namely [[Rathod (surname)|Rathod]], Vala, Heera and [[Solanki (clan)|Solanki]] are placed below them |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Jain |first1=Jyotindra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nuPWAAAAMAAJ |title=Folk Art and Culture of Gujarat: Guide to the Collection of the Shreyas Folk Museum of Gujarat |last2=Gujarat |first2=Shreyas Folk Museum of |date=1980 |publisher=Shreyas Prakashan |location=[[New Delhi]] |page=6 |quote=It has been noted that the famous Koli Dhanmer whose descendants became known as Vala Koli |language=en}}</ref> ===Sord Kolis=== The '''Sord dynasty''' was a ruling dynasty of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] in [[Gujarat]] who ruled over Idar [[Princely state|state]] for two generations.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=iChFAQAAMAAJ |title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India |date=1985 |publisher=Usha Publications |year=1985 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=428 - 429 |language=en}}</ref> This dynasty was founded by the [[Thakor]] Hathi Sord, who belonged to the [[Koli rebellion|Koli]] caste.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-03 |title=Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 13, page 325 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library |url=http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V13_331.gif |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=web.archive.org |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303190502/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V13_331.gif |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ananta) |first=Rudra (Son of |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ICIVAAAAIAAJ&dq=sord+kolis&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Rudrakavi's Great Poem of the Dynasty of Rāṣṭrauḍha: Cantos 1-13 and 18-20 |publisher=Brill Archive |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=10 |language=en}}</ref> Hathi Sord was a [[vassal]] in the Eder state, but Amarsingh [[Parmar]], the ruler of the Eder state, was killed in a battle after which Hathi Sord took over as the ruler of the Eder state. [[Maharaja]] Hathi Sord ruled peacefully till his death, and after his death his only son, Prince Samwaliya Sord, took the [[throne]] of Idar.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bruyne |first=Jenny Leonora de |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=EigTAQAAIAAJ |title=Great poem of the dynasy of rastraudha |date=1968 |year=1968 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=10 |language=en}}</ref> Maharaja Sanvalia Sord appointed a [[Nagar]] [[Brahmin]] as the commander of the army of the state of Idar but Commander was jealous of the maharaja, Due to which the commander became with the [[Rathore caste|Rathore]] [[Rajput|Rajputs]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=d. 1917 |first=Whitworth, George Clifford |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7tAOAAAAQAAJ&dq=sord+kolis&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=An Anglo-Indian Dictionary: A Glossary of Indian Terms Used in English, and of Such English Or Other Non-Indian Terms as Have Obtained Special Meanings in India |date=1885 |publisher=Kegan Paul, Trench |year=1885 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=299 |language=en}}</ref> The Senapati incited the Rathore Rajputs to attack the Maharaja but the Rajputs did not dare, after which the Senapati made a plan. According to the plan, the commander called Maharaja Sord for his daughter's wedding party and hid the Rajputs in the houses of neighbors. The Maharaja Sord was enjoying the feast with some of his ministers, when the Brahmin commander also gave him a banquet of liquor, due to which Maharaja Sord and his ministers and some special soldiers got drunk. The commander was waiting for this, the commander pointed to the Rathore Rajputs hiding in the neighboring houses and attacked the minister and soldiers including Maharaja Sord. It was the year 1300 and the Sord Dynasty of Idar came to an end this year.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Laade |first=Raj Bhusan |title=Ancient [[Gujarat]]: a view of [[Narada]] |year=2004 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=151 - 152 |language=[[English language|English]]}}</ref> Rathore Rajputs captured the idar from Kolis but later rathores was drove out by Rao Rajputs.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Y9DzmxWenNkC&dq=sord+kolis&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Asian Review |date=1887 |publisher=East & West |year=1887 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=147 |language=en}}</ref> ===Valakiya Koli=== The '''Valakiya'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Society |first=Gujarat Research |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Gujar%C4%81ta_Sa%E1%B9%83%C5%9Bodhana_Ma%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Da%E1%B8%B7anu/Iq0DT1lBgQcC?hl=en |title=Gujarāta Saṃśodhana Maṇḍaḷanuṃ Traimāsika: Journal of the Gujarat Research Society |date=1991 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=16:Kolis are [[Talpada Kolis|Talapda]]s, [[Khant Koli|Khant]]s, [[Chunvalia Koli|Chumvaliya]]s, Patanvadiyas, and [[Thakor|Thakarda]]s. Clans of Kolis [[Baria Koli|Boraiya]]s, Dalvadis, Ghediyas, Shiyals and Valakiyas. |language=en}}</ref> (also spelled as '''Valakia''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=Jyotindra |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Folk_Art_and_Culture_of_Gujarat/nuPWAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Folk Art and Culture of Gujarat: Guide to the Collection of the Shreyas Folk Museum of Gujarat |last2=Gujarat |first2=Shreyas Folk Museum of |date=1980 |publisher=Shreyas Prakashan |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=133: Kolis were noted pirates and were known by several names such as Gedia, Valakia, Baria and Talbada. |language=en}}</ref> '''Valankiya'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=General |first=India Office of the Registrar |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Census_of_India_1961/eCfs8vWwR50C?hl=en |title=Census of India, 1961 |date=1962 |publisher=Manager of Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=60: in the Gujarat, estates of Katosan, Ghodasar, Sathamba, Ilol, Satlasna, Tajpuri, Ramas and Punadara, etc, belonged to Koli chief. There are five septs among Kolis, viz, (1) Talapada Koli, (2) Chanvaliyu Koli (7) Ghediya Koll, (4) Valankiya Koli and (3) Khant Koli. in the State, Kolis are alas known from..... |language=en}}</ref> and '''Valakya''') is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of the [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] mostly found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Campbell |first=James M. |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Hindu_Castes_and_Tribes_of_Gujurat/FAXGpcEdbfUC?hl=en |title=Hindu Castes and Tribes of Gujurat |date=1988 |publisher=[[Vintage Books]] |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=245: Valakiya Kolis who take their name from Kathiawad's Valak village which was ruled by them, were noted pirates of Gujarat. |language=en}}</ref> Valakiya Kolis were [[Koli caste#Koli pirates|pirates]] by profession and ruled over Valak village of [[Surat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond Brady |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Swaminarayan_Hinduism/rs5JDwAAQBAJ?hl=en |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |language=en}}</ref> The Valakiya Kolis got their name from the Valak village in [[Kamrej]] [[tehsil]] of [[Surat]] [[List of districts of Gujarat|district]] in [[Gujarat]]. They ruled over Valak village and were noted [[Koli caste#Koli pirates|pirates]] by profession.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kennedy |first=Michael |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PEZCY_iK3GIC&pg=PA97&dq=Valakiyas+Kolis&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiIkP3vkduHAxXDsFYBHVM5MacQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The Criminal Classes in India |date=1985 |publisher=Mittal Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=97 |language=en}}</ref> ===Bhalia Kolis=== '''Bhalia'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Enthoven |first=Reginald Edward |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Tribes_and_Castes_of_Bombay/FoT6gPrbTp8C?hl=en |title=The Tribes and Castes of Bombay |date=1990 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |isbn=978-81-206-0630-2 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=93: Bhalia - A subdivision of Kolis in Gujarat. |language=en}}</ref> also spelled as '''Bhaliya'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1459&dq=Bhaliya+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjbvemPsNuHAxW0p1YBHb3JGw4Q6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=[[Anthropological Survey of India]] |isbn=978-0-19-563357-3 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=1460 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of the [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] mostly found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Somanaboina |first=Simhadri |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=H5tIEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT443&dq=Bhalia+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQ3oTMq9uHAxWOlFYBHWwIKAw4ChDoAXoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The Routledge Handbook of the Other Backward Classes in India: Thought, Movements and Development |last2=Ramagoud |first2=Akhileshwari |date=2021-11-15 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=978-1-000-46280-7 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |language=en}}</ref> In the census of 1931 in [[Vadodara|Baroda State]], the population of Bhalia Kolis was 27,437 alongwith Ghedia Kolis.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Thakors_of_North_Gujarat/1DBuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=188: Koli population of [[Baroda State]] including Bhalia Kolis, 1931 |language=en}}</ref> The Bhaliya clan is considered as superior clan among Kolis because they ruled over [[Bhal region]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Scheduled_Castes/aRdOAQAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=The Scheduled Castes |date=1995 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-563742-7 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=576 |language=en}}</ref> The Bhalia Kolis got their name from their homeland Bhal region of [[Gujarat]] which was ruled by them and was stronghold for their [[Koli caste#Koli pirates|Koli piracy]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Registrar |first=India Office of the |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Census_of_India_1961/X0awGlWj84cC?hl=en |title=Census of India, 1961 |date=1962 |publisher=Manager of Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=6 |language=en}}</ref> ===Popere Kolis=== The '''Popere''', or '''Popera''' is a [[clan]] of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=10 - 266 |language=en}}</ref> The ruling Koli [[dynasty]] of [[Jawhar State]] belong to the Popere [[clan]] of [[Mahadev Kolis|Mahadev]] [[Koli rebellion|Kolis]] of [[Konkan]] who established the rule over [[Jawhar]] in 1346 by Koli chief [[Jayaba Mukne|Jayaba Popere]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Shibani |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |year=1983 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=29 |language=en}}</ref> They are Agriculturist and noted for the militant spirit.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ralte |first=Lalrinawmi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CGYXb4sksawC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA180&dq=Popera+Koli&hl=en |title=Waging Peace, Building a World in which Life Matters: Festschrift to Honour Gabriele Dietrich |last2=Faria |first2=Stella |date=2004 |publisher=[[ISPCK]] |year=2004 |isbn=978-81-7214-798-3 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=179 - 180 |language=en}}</ref> ===Bokad Kolis=== The '''Bokad''' is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref name=":0" /> They served in the [[Maratha Empire]] and in 1769 - 70, Bokad Kolis received the grants of [[Jagir]] from [[Peshwa]] [[Madhavrao I|Madhavrao i]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year= |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=12 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gāre |first=Govinda |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vZciAAAAMAAJ |title=Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis |date=1976 |publisher=Shubhada Saraswat |year=1976 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=26 |language=en}}</ref> later, they served in [[British Raj|British Indian Empire]] at good positions such as [[Faujdar]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Omvedt |first=Gail |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7Q1uAAAAMAAJ |title=Cultural Revolt in a Colonial Society: The Non Brahman Movement in Western India, 1873 to 1930 |date=1976 |publisher=Scientific Socialist Education Trust |year=1976 |isbn=978-0-88386-922-2 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=141 |language=en}}</ref> ===Thorat Koli=== The '''Thorat Koli'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Verma |first=Balraj |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=53owAQAAIAAJ |title=The Beautiful India - Daman & Diu |date=2006 |publisher=Reference Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-81-8405-022-6 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=10: This prince lost his patrimony in [[Udaipur]] during a [[Muslim]] conquest and moved to the southern direction and , in the process , defeated the [[Koli]] Chief Natort of the Thorat clan of Kolis ) ; in doing so , he conquered a hilly area at ... |language=en}}</ref> ([[Marathi language|Marathi]]: थोरात) is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of [[Koli caste|Koli]] caste found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]] and [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhatt |first=S. C. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=3IWXh-6zDe8C&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA48&dq=Thorat+Koli&hl=en&redir_esc=y |title=Land and people of Indian states and union territories : (in 36 volumes) |date=2005 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-7835-356-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=48 |language=en}}</ref> The Thorat Kolis ruled over [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] till 1262.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gajrani |first=S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=33LiAAAAMAAJ |title=History, Religion and Culture of India |date=2004 |publisher=Isha Books |year=2004 |isbn=978-81-8205-062-4 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=33 |language=en}}</ref> but in 1262, Koli king Nag Thorat was defeated by Ramsing who was a [[Rajput]] from [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lele |first=Purushottam Shripad |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=L0MeAAAAMAAJ |title=Dadra and Nagar Haveli: Past and Present |date=1987 |publisher=Usha P. Lele |year=1987 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=4 |language=en}}</ref> later, Thorat Kolis lived by plundering.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=_wB_aqQ5ZrAC |title=History and Administration of Dharampur State (Prant Ramnagar): From 1262 to 1937 |date=1939 |publisher=President, State Council |year=1939 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=9 |language=en}}</ref> ===Pichad Kolis=== The '''Pichad''' is a [[clan]] of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=12: their forts in Prant [[Surgana]], District [[Nasik]], which was till then in the possession of Kolis. Koli Javji Bambale and bringing him under submission and service to the Peshwa along with his Koli - mates Khade , Bhangare and Pichad of [[Rajur]]. |language=en}}</ref> Pichad Kolis served in [[Maratha Empire]] as [[Subedar]], [[Mansabdar]] and [[Nayak (title)|Nayak]] but in 1776 - 77, they revolted against [[Peshwa]] government because of their deposition from posts but later Pichad kolis enlisted to their posts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=104 |language=en}}</ref> After establishment of [[British Raj|British]] [[Bombay Presidency|rule]] in Maharashtra, Pichad Kolis took up arms against British authorities under their [[Koli rebellion|Koli]] chief '''Balaji Pichad'''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=Neena Ambre |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=J_faAAAAMAAJ |title=Forest Ecology in India: Colonial Maharashtra, 1850-1950 |date=2008 |publisher=Foundation Books |year=2008 |isbn=978-81-7596-549-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=166 |language=en}}</ref> ===Solanki Kolis=== The '''Solanki Koli''' (also spelled as '''Saulanki Koli''') is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] mostly found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian states]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Rajasthan]] and [[Union territory|Union Territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1459&dq=Solanki+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjyhd3s4beGAxU1TWwGHfspA_cQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=[[Anthropological Survey of India]] |isbn=978-0-19-563357-3 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=1459 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Dr. Shibani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=98 |language=en}}</ref> The Solanki Kolis of Gujarat ruled over petty [[Princely state|Princely states]] in Chunval region (now [[Becharaji]]) of Gujarat named as [[Bhankodar|Bhankoda]], Kukvav, Chaniar and Dekavada [[Jagir|jagirs]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond Brady |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rs5JDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |language=en}}</ref> ===Babria (Bavalia) Kolis=== The '''Babria''', or '''Bavlia''' and '''Bavalia''' is a [[clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union Territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sherring |first=Matthew A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U2lehroNx1oC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA307&dq=Babria+Koli&hl=en |title=Hindu Tribes and Castes: As Represented in Benares ; with Illustrations |date=1879 |publisher=[[Thacker]] |pages=307 - 314 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sherring |first=Matthew Atmore |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=JmhDAAAAYAAJ&dq=Babria+Koli&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Babria |title=Hindu Tribes and Castes as Represented in Benares |date=1974 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |year=1974 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=314 |language=en}}</ref> Babria Kolis mostly found in the [[Babariawad]] region of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bartholomew |first=John George |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=v9McAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA29&dq=Babria+Kolis&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHwJTL-4H4AhU56nMBHbKECV8Q6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Babria%20Kolis&f=false |title=Constable's Hand-gazetteer of India |date=1898 |publisher=A. Constable |year=1898 |location=India |language=en}}</ref> the region of Babariawad of Gujarat got his name because of Babria Kolis.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burgess |first=James |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V15BAQAAIAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA12&q=Nawanagar+Kolis&hl=en |title=Report on the Antiquities of Kâṭhiâwâḍ and Kachh, Being the Result of the Second Season's Operations of the Archaeological Survey of Western India, 1874-75 |date=1876 |publisher=India Museum |year=1876 |location=India |pages=12 |language=en}}</ref> They mostly lived by plundering and Their plundering was called as '''Dhang'''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=d. 1917 |first=Whitworth, George Clifford |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7tAOAAAAQAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA84&q=Babria+Kolis&hl=en |title=An Anglo-Indian Dictionary: A Glossary of Indian Terms Used in English, and of Such English Or Other Non-Indian Terms as Have Obtained Special Meanings in India |date=1885 |publisher=Kegan Paul, Trench |year=1885 |location=India |pages=84 |language=en}}</ref> ===Dabhi Kolis=== The '''Dabhi'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=General |first=India (Republic) Office of the Registrar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-McAQAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Census of India, 1961 |date=1967 |publisher=Manager of Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=7: Chunvalia Kolis have 21 principal sub - divisions namely Abasania, Adhgama, Baroga, Basukia, '''Dabhi''', Dhamodia, Dhandhukia, Gohel, Jandaria ... |language=en}}</ref> ([[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]: ડાભી, [[Hindi]]: डाभी) is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Shibani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |year=1983 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=98 |language=en}}</ref> The Kolis of the Dabhi clan ruled over [[Ghorasar]] state during [[British Raj|British rule]] in India.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond Brady |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=rs5JDwAAQBAJ&vq=dabhi+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=The following is a list of the Koli [[Thakor|Thakorda]]s or lordlings in [[North Gujarat]]: the Solankis of Bhankoda, Chaniar, Dekavada, and Kukvav in Chunwal; the Makwanas of Katosan, Jhunjuvara, and Punar, the Rathods of Ghanti and Vaghpur on the banks of the Sabarmati; the '''Dabhis'' of Ghodasar in the Charotar; the Chauhans of Amliara in the Mahi Kantha; and the Vaghelas of Kankrej.... |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1995 |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=139 |language=en}}</ref> ===Makwana Kolis=== The '''Makwana Koli'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perez |first=Rosa Maria |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GDRWAglUumEC&q=Makwana+Koli |title=Kings and Untouchables: A Study of the Caste System in Western India |date=2004 |publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]] |isbn=978-81-8028-014-6 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=71: Three Koli Patel clans live in this village are Chauhan, Makwana and Rathod |language=en}}</ref> also spelled as '''Makawana Koli''', '''Makvana Koli''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kubala |first=Rameśa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qt21AAAAIAAJ |title=Gābīta Kshatriya Āramārī gharāṇyāñcā itihāsa |date=1983 |publisher=Kshatriya Kulāvatãsa Āramārī Marāṭhā Samāja |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=240: The Gazetteer states that the Chief of the State is a Makvana Koli |language=mr}}</ref> '''Makavana Koli''', '''Mukwana Koli''' and '''Mukawana Koli''' is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] mostly found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Shibani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=31: two clans of [[Koli people|Koli]]s are recognised: the Mar and '''Makwana'''. These are exogamous clans referred to as 'atak. Each 'atak' is further subdivided into sub clans referred to as 'gram echap,' in the local dialect. Besides the division of 'sacche Koli' the rest of the 222 'ataks' and those clans name are common to both the |language=en}}</ref> In 1931 census of [[Baroda State]], there were 20,700 Kolis of Makwana clan in the Baroda state's territory.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=188 |language=en}}</ref> Makwana Kolis mostly belong to the [[Hindus|Hindu]] faith but there are members of the community who converted to Islam during the reign of the invading [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] power in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gode |first=Parshuram Krishna |url= |title=Studies in Indian Cultural History |date=1969 |publisher=Vishveshvaranand Vedic Research Institute |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=51 |language=en}}</ref> Makwana Kolis are [[Land tenure|landholders]] and [[agriculturist]] by profession.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vidyabhusana |first=Satis Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6wW1AAAAIAAJ |title=Buddhadeba, arthāt̲, Gautama Buddhera sampūrṇa jībana carita o upadeśa |date=1996 |publisher=Karuṇā Prakāśanī |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=46 |language=bn}}</ref> Here are list of [[Princely State]]s ruled by Makwana Kolis, [[Katosan State]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chakrabarti |first=Jadab Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rpA2AAAAMAAJ&dq=makwana+Koli&pg=PA128 |title=The Native States of India |date=1895 |publisher=Shaw Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=128 |language=en}}</ref> [[Gabat State]]{{sfn|Gode|1969|pp=51}}, [[Punadra|Punadra State]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Department |first=India Foreign and Political |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-80NAAAAIAAJ&dq=makawan+Koli&pg=RA1-PA334 |title=A Collection of Treaties, Engagements, and Sanads Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries |date=1892 |publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=334 |language=en}}</ref> [[Hadol State]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3sEqCW4p2VgC |title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India |date=1985 |publisher=Usha Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=122–123 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Khadal State]]. Muslim Koli, The '''Muslim Makwana''', or '''Musalman Makwana''' (also spelled as '''Makawana''', '''Makvana''', and '''Makavana''') is a [[Muslim Kolis|Muslim Koli]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t9UgAAAAMAAJ |title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India |date=1985 |publisher=Usha Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=261: '''Makwana Kolis''' finally embraced the religion of the Islam. While narrating the rise of the Makwana Kolis it has been stated that Harpal, the son of Keshar Makwana, obtained several villages |language=en}}</ref> [[Caste system in India|caste]] in [[Gujarat]] who were converted to [[Islam]] from [[Hinduism]] during [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] rule in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Assadi |first=Muzaffar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M7HYEAAAQBAJ |title=Colonial and Post-Colonial Identity Politics in South Asia: Zaat/Caste Among Muslims |date=2023-11-24 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=978-1-003-80246-4 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages='''Makwana''' was a caste converted from the '''Hindu Makwana Koli''' tribe, Matias were Leva Kanbis converted by a Sufi saint of Pirana, Memons were those converted in the 15th century from the Luhan. and Kacchías caste. Panjnigara, cotton thread starchers, were converted from the Hindu social order bearing the same name |language=en}}</ref> Muslim Makwana Kolis are descendants of the Hindu Makwana Kolis of [[Chunvalia Koli|Chunval]] region who was converted to Islam and his descendants knows as Muslim Makwana Kolis in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jhala |first=Jayasinhji |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gSZqDwAAQBAJ |title=Genealogy, Archive, Image: Interpreting Dynastic History in Western India, c. 1090-2016 |date=2018-07-19 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |isbn=978-3-11-060129-9 |language=en}}</ref> They were converted to Islam by [[Sultan]] [[Mahmud Begada]] during his reign.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gujarat (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCYbAAAAIAAJ |title=Gujarat State Gazetteers: Kheda District |date=1977 |publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=110: Makwana Koli was converted to Islam by Mahmud Begada ( 1459- 1513 A. D. ) |language=en}}</ref> The Muslim Makwana Kolis follows the bath rituals of Islam and Hinduism like other hindus.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gujarat (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wIxhAAAAIAAJ |title=Gujarat State Gazetteers: Vadodara |date=1974 |publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=125: Makwana Kolis converted to Islam , and like them , observed a mixed Mahomedan and Hindu religions |language=en}}</ref> ===Satav Kolis=== The '''Satav''', or '''Sataw''' is a [[Gotra|clan]] of [[Malhar Koli|Malhar]] [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tribhuwan |first=Robin D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JC-014hKeKAC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA226&dq=Satav+Koli&hl=en |title=Fairs and Festivals of Indian Tribes |date=2003 |publisher=Discovery Publishing House |year=2003 |isbn=978-81-7141-640-0 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |language=en}}</ref> The Satav clan of [[Koli rebellions|Kolis]] was hereditary [[priest]] and responsible for [[Mahalakshmi Temple, Dahanu|Mahalaxmi]] temple of [[Dahanu]] and considered the Mahalakshmi as their clan deity.{{sfn|Tribhuwan|2003|pp=26}} Satav Kolis also served as the royal priest to the rulers of [[Jawhar State]].{{sfn|Tribhuwan|2003|pp=27}} ===Sonwane Kolis=== The '''Sonavane''', or '''Sonawane''' (also spelled as '''Sonvane''' and '''Sonwane''') is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=97 - 100: Clans of Mahadev Kolis: Sonavane, Bhangare, Ashvale, Shinghade, Mali, Shelar |language=en}}</ref> ===Shelkande Kolis=== The '''Shilkande''', or '''Shelkande''' and '''Shilkunda''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of the [[Maharashtra]] and neighbouring Territories.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=99 - 100: Clans of Mahadev Kolis of Maharashtra: Kadam, Rongate, Shilkande, Sabale, Joshi, Mane, Kavale, Pore ...... |language=en}}</ref> The Shilkunda Kolis revolted against [[Peshwa]] ([[Prime Minister of India|Prime minister]] of [[Maratha Empire]]) because of their [[land rights]] and cutoff the head of [[Patil (title)|Patil]] of Chovisi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=104 |language=en}}</ref> ===Satpute Kolis=== The '''Satpute''', or '''Sutpute''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Karve |first=Irawati Karmarkar |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=fRzVAAAAMAAJ |title=Group Relations in Village Community |last2=Damle |first2=Yashwant Bhaskar |date=1963 |publisher=S.M. Katre |year=1963 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=13: As regards the Kolis , there were in all 17 clans. The names of these Koli clans were as follows : -Asvale , Kudekar , Memane , Lohokare , Langhi , Vadekar , Kede , [[Jadhav]] , Satpute, Talape, Lokhande, Supe, Gaware, Kalute, Bhalinge, Bhavari and Yande. |language=en}}</ref> The Kolis of Satpute clan [[Koli rebellions|revolted]] against [[British Raj|British]] rule in [[List of districts of Maharashtra|Maharashtra]] under their [[List of Koli people|Koli]] chief Sakharam Satpute and captured the British offices and plundered the British controlled Territories in [[Konkan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=Neena Ambre |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=J_faAAAAMAAJ |title=Forest Ecology in India: Colonial Maharashtra, 1850-1950 |date=2008 |publisher=Foundation Books |year=2008 |isbn=978-81-7596-549-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=166 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hangloo |first=Rattan Lal |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=nwVuAAAAMAAJ |title=New Themes in Indian History: Art, Politics, Gender, Environment, and Culture |last2=Murali |first2=A. |date=2007 |publisher=[[Black & White]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-89320-15-7 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=391 |language=en}}</ref> ===Charavadia Kolis=== The '''Charavadia''', or '''Charvadia''' and '''Charawadia''' (also spelled as '''Charavadiya''',<ref name=":1" /> '''Charawadiya''', '''Charwadia''' and '''Charvadiya''') is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref name=":0"/> The Charavadia Kolis originated from Bokadthamba village and in 2019, Their population was 700 only and the Bokadthamba village is inhebited by only Charavadia clan of Kolis.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2019-09-14 |title=This is cursed village of Gujarat, people of only one surname live here |url= |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=News Track |language=English}}</ref> Around 1500 A. D., The ruler of [[Wankaner State|Wankaner]] [[Princely state|State]] gave the Bokadthamba village to four [[Chunvalia Koli|Chunvalia]] [[List of Koli people|Koli]] brothers and now Charavadias are descendants of those Koli brothers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ગુજરાતનું એક શ્રાપિત ગામ, જ્યાં અટક બદલતાની સાથે જ થાય છે આવી હાલત |url=http://sandesh.com/gujrat-cursed-bokadthambha-village-every-one-has-charavadia-surname/ |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=sandesh.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ગુજરાતનું એક શાપિત ગામ, 700ની વસ્તી પણ બધાની એક જ અટક! |url=https://www.iamgujarat.com/gujarat/rajkot/village-in-gujarat-where-everyone-has-one-same-surname/articleshow/75915201.cms |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=I am Gujarat |language=gu}}</ref> ===Kokate Kolis=== The '''Kokate''', or '''Kokata'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gāre |first=Govinda |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vZciAAAAMAAJ |title=Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis |date=1976 |publisher=Shubhada Saraswat Publications |year=1976 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=26 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=98: Clans of Mahadev Kolis: Lahure, Kokate, Bhoir, Konkane, Korade, Lote, Pote |language=en}}</ref> in 1776, Kokata Kolis [[Koli rebellions|revolted]] against [[Peshwa]] government in [[Maratha Empire]].<ref name=":0"/> The Kokote Kolis served in [[Maratha Empire]] as [[Subedar]] and [[Faujdar]]. The Koli subedar burnt down the rebellion of [[Gavli|Gavlis]] against Peshwa. ===Kirave Kolis=== The '''Kirave''', or '''Kirve''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]] and neighbouring areas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=kOU9AAAAIAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year= |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=97 - 99 - 103: clans of Mahadev Kolis: Bande, Kirave, Ghode, Popere, Shelke, Bambale |language=en}}</ref> in 1829, The Kolis of Kirwe clan revolted against [[British Raj|British]] rule in [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hassan |first=Syed Siraj ul |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lYSd-3yL9h0C&dq=Kirwa+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions |date=1989 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |year=1989 |isbn=978-81-206-0488-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=333 |language=en}}</ref> ===Kengale Kolis=== The '''Kengale''', or '''Kangle''' ([[Hindi]]: केंगले कोली) is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in the [[Maharashtra]] [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=98 - 99: clans of Mahadev Kolis: Jangale, Kengale, Khade, Gambhire, Kavate, Konkane, Mali..... |language=en}}</ref> The [[List of Koli people|Kolis]] of Kengle clan [[Koli Rebellions|revolted]] against [[British Raj|British]] [[British Army|rule]] and [[Sahu|Sahukars]], or [[Loan|Moneylenders]] in [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] in 1872 to 1876 under their chief.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Krishan |first=Shri |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7sOGAwAAQBAJ&dq=Kengle+Kolis&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Political Mobilization and Identity in Western India, 1934-47 |date=2005-04-07 |publisher=SAGE Publications India |year= |isbn=978-81-321-0208-3 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=146 |language=en}}</ref> ===Bhangare Kolis=== The '''Bhangare''', or '''Bhangre''' is a [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli people|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vidyarthi |first=Lalita Prasad |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=scgz0Uzn64YC&pg=PA163&dq=Bhangare+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiHmbbM74H3AhUPxosBHWHaDEkQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=Bhangare%20Koli&f=false |title=The Tribal Culture of India |last2=Rai |first2=Binay Kumar |date=1977 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |year=1977 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=163 |language=en}}</ref> Bhangare Kolis were granted the villages from [[Peshwa]] and served as [[Patil (title)|Patil]] and [[Deshmukh]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gāre |first=Govinda |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vZciAAAAMAAJ |title=Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis |date=1976 |publisher=Shubhada Saraswat |year=1976 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=26: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis Govinda Gāre. to the grant of jahagirs to the three Mahadeo Koli families , Bhangare , Bamble and Bokad and titles of Patil and Deshmukh by Peshwa |language=en}}</ref> in 1761 for [[Maratha (caste)|Maratha]] [[Maratha Empire|Empire]], Bhangare Kolis along with Pattikar Kolis captured the [[Trymbakgad|Trimbak]] [[Forts in India|fort]] from [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]] [[Princely state|state]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=12: An entry of A.D. 1769-70 in the Diary of [[Madhav rao I]] refers to the grant of villages to three Koli families, Bhangare, Bambale and Bokad, as reward. An entry for the year A.D. 1776-77 in [[Savai Madhavrao]]'s Diary refers to the breaking in of [[Javji Bamble|Jiwaji Bambale]] and bringing him under submission and service to the [[Peshwa]] along with prominent kolis Khade, Bhangare and Pichad of [[Rajur]]. these families those of Bhangare and Khade worked as daring [[Subedar]]s, along with Pattikar brothers of Koli caste, in the conquest from the Nizam, in A.D. 1761, of the fort of Trimbak for the Peshwa. |language=en}}</ref> ===Maliwad Kolis=== The '''Maliwad''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Commissioner |first=India Census |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=CAavHcdbFVwC |title=Census of India, 1931 |date=1933 |publisher=Manager of Publications |year=1933 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=510: Subdivisions of armed Kolis: Khant, Dharala, Maliwad, Damor....... |language=en}}</ref> or '''Malivad''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lal |first=R. B. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4Cy_-FXW9BQC&dq=Maliwad+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Gujarat |date=2003 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=2003 |isbn=978-81-7991-104-4 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=128: Clans of Kolis: Damor, Pagi, Maliwad, Chauhan |language=en}}</ref> During the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Rebellion of 1857]], The Maliwad Kolis of [[Khanpur, Gujarat|Khanpur]] in [[Lunavada State|Lunawara State]] revolted against [[Rana (title)|Rana]] of Lunawada under their Koli [[List of Koli states and clans|chieftain]] Suralmal of Khanpur. Because of [[Koli rebellions|Koli rebellion]], Rana sought help from [[British Raj|British]] government and [[British Indian Army|British troops]] under [[Major]] Buckle attacked at Maliwad Koli rebels and suppressed the rebellions.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ddUgAAAAMAAJ |title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India |date=1985 |publisher=Usha Publications |year=1985 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=819 |language=en}}</ref> In 1870, The Maliwad Kolis again raised and breakdown the peace in the state and British controlled Territories.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gujarat (India) |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=xYNhAAAAIAAJ |title=Gujarat State Gazetteers: Panchmahals |date=1972 |publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State |year=1972 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=130: Maliwads |language=en}}</ref> ===Mer Kolis=== The '''Mer''', or '''Mair'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chanchreek |first=Kanhaiyalal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MD8wAQAAIAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Kshatriyas in Buddha's Age: Ruling Races in Buddhist India |last2=Jain |first2=Mahesh Kumar |date=2008 |publisher=Shree Publishers & Distributors |isbn=978-81-8329-188-0 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=193: They were called at this time Mairs, a clan of Kolees, and [[Sonang Mer|Sonung Mair]] was their leader.... |language=en}}</ref> is a [[Clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond Brady |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rs5JDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Shibani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=31: The 222 ataks (Gotra) of [[Koli people|Koli]]s mentioned in the lineage chart are presumed to have been derived from [[Kshatriya]] clan names or from the names of the village from which the Kolis hail. Moreover, these "ataks' do not exhibit any type of heirarchic sub divisions. All of them have equal status below the Mer and [[Makwana (clan)|Makwana]] ataks (clans). |language=en}}</ref> During the reign of Koli chieftain [[Dhan Mer of Dhandhuka]], Mer Kolis were more powerful.<ref>{{Cite book |url= |title=[[Indian Antiquary]]: A Journal of Oriental Research in Archaeology, History, Literature, Languages, Folklore Etc |date= |publisher=[[Times of India]] |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=194 |language=en}}</ref> Mer Kolis of [[Dhandhuka]] defeated the [[Rajput|Rajputs]] of [[Vallabhi|Vallabhipur]] to restore the peace to the [[Brahmin|Brahmins]] of Vallabhipur.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pfeffer |first=Georg |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NEBLAAAAYAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Contemporary Society: Concept of tribal society |last2=Behera |first2=Deepak Kumar |date=1997 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7022-640-6 |location=[[New Delhi]] [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=199 |language=en}}</ref> ===Khade Kolis=== The '''Khade''', or '''Khare''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=99: Clans of Kolis of Maharashtra: Khade, Khokale, Jangale, Mali, Gode, Talpade, Shilakande |language=en}}</ref> Khade Kolis served in [[Maratha (caste)|Maratha]] [[Maratha Empire|Empire]] as [[Subedar]] and in 1761, Khade Kolis along with [[Bhangare Kolis|Bhangare]] and [[Pattikar Kolis|Pattikar]] [[List of Koli people|Kolis]] captured the [[Trimbak]] fort from [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]] [[Princely state|State]] and annexed in Maratha Empire.{{sfn|Ghurye|1957|pp=12|ps=}} But in 1776 - 77, Khade Kolis revolted against [[Peshwa]] government and captured several of [[Forts in India|forts]] from Peshwa under their Koli leader [[Javji Bamble]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=104 |language=en}}</ref> Khade Kolis were [[Jagir|jahagirdars]] until the Jahagirs were recently abolished after [[Independence of India|Independence]].{{sfn|Ghurye|1957|pp=12|ps=}} They also were [[Inamdar (feudal title)|Inamdars]] and [[Nayak (title)|Naiks]] during Maratha Empire.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Frederick Bruce |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=S9dmbS_n9UEC |title=Adaptation to Colonial Rule by the "wild Tribes" of the Bombay Deccan, 1818-1880: From Political Competition to Social Banditry |date=1978 |publisher=[[University of Minnesota]] |year=1978 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=183 - 239 - 266 |language=en}}</ref> The Khade Kolis revolted against [[British Raj|British]] rule and [[Sahukar]] cheaters under their chief '''Haibati Khade''' and plundered the British controlled territory and [[Loan|Moneylenders]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=Neena Ambre |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=J_faAAAAMAAJ |title=Forest Ecology in India: Colonial Maharashtra, 1850-1950 |date=2008 |publisher=Foundation Books |year=2008 |isbn=978-81-7596-549-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=166 |language=en}}</ref> ===Bambale Kolis=== The '''Bambale''', or '''Bamble'''<ref name=":0"/> is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=97: Clans of Mahadev Kolis: Bambale, Bharmal, Bhojane, Gengje, Langhi, Tambekar, Umbhare |language=en}}</ref> Bambale Kolis served in [[Maratha Empire]] and were received the grants of the [[Jagir|Jagirs]] by [[Peshwa]] [[Madhavrao I]] in 1769 - 70.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gāre |first=Govinda |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vZciAAAAMAAJ |title=Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis |date=1976 |publisher=Shubhada Saraswat |year=1976 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=26: Bamble |language=en}}</ref> Bambale Kolis served at good positions Such as [[Patil (title)|Patil]], [[Mansabdar]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Frederick Bruce |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=S9dmbS_n9UEC |title=Adaptation to Colonial Rule by the "wild Tribes" of the Bombay Deccan, 1818-1880: From Political Competition to Social Banditry |date=1978 |publisher=[[University of Minnesota]] |year=1978 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=256 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Nayak (title)|Nayak]]<ref name=":0" /> in [[Maratha Empire]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=109 - 120 |language=en}}</ref> ===Chauhan Kolis=== The '''Chauhan'''<ref>{{Cite book|last=Roy|first=Shibani|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ|title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar|date=1983|publisher=Cosmo Publications|year=1983|location=Delhi, India|pages=98|language=en}}</ref> also spelled as '''Chouhan''' and '''Chohan''' is a [[clan]] of the [[Talpada]] and [[Patels|Patel]] [[Koli people|Kolis]] of the [[Gujarat]] and [[Rajasthan]] states in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Perez|first=Rosa Maria|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GDRWAglUumEC&dq=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80&pg=PA71|title=Kings and Untouchables: A Study of the Caste System in Western India|date=2004|publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]]|year=2004|isbn=978-81-8028-014-6|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=71|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Doshi|first=Shambu Lal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WEMkAQAAIAAJ|title=Anthropology of Food and Nutrition|date=1995|publisher=Rawat Publications|year=1995|isbn=978-81-7033-278-7|location=[[Delhi]], India|pages=67|language=en}}</ref> The indian historian ''L. S. Vishwanath'' states that before the [[Independence of India]], Kolis of Chauhan clan made the [[Marital relationship|marital relations]] with poor [[Rajput|Rajputs]] because poor Rajputs were not able to pay heavy burden of [[Dowry]] to marry their daughters so they married with elite Koli families of Chauhan, Rathod and Solanki clans and then Kolis claimed to be [[Kshatriya]] called as Nava Kshatriya.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Vishwanath|first=L. S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ukDAQAAIAAJ|title=Female Infanticide and Social Structure: A Socio-historical Study in Western and Northern India|date=2000|publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation|year=2000|isbn=978-81-7075-057-4|location=New Delhi, India|pages=38|language=en}}</ref> The Chauhan kolis ruled over petty [[Princely state|princely states]] of [[Katosan State|Katosan]] and [[Likhi State|Likhi]] in [[Mahi Kantha Agency]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t9UgAAAAMAAJ|title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India|date=1985|publisher=Usha Publications|year=1985|location=New Delhi, India|pages=64–198|language=en}}</ref> ===Khasia Kolis=== The '''Khasia''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singhji |first=Virbhadra |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=NYK7ZSpPzkUC&dq=Khasia+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=The Rajputs of Saurashtra |date=1994 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=1994 |isbn=978-81-7154-546-9 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=49: The Khasia Kolis near [[Mahuva]] or the [[Thakor|Koli - Thakarda]]s of Gujarat are same |language=en}}</ref> or '''Khasiya'''<ref name=":0" /> is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Dr. Shibani |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |year=1983 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=98: Clans of Kolis of Gujarat: Khamani, Khasia, Khambnani, Khomani, Khoraba, Gabu |language=en}}</ref> The Mahuva was the stronghold or controlled by Khasia Kolis but they were defeated by the [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]] Wakhatsinhji of [[Bhavnagar State]] and their controlled Territories of Mahuva, Kundla, [[Rajula]], [[Gadhada]] and [[Botad]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rajyagor |first=S. B. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-0pAAAAAMAAJ |title=History of Gujarat |date=1982 |publisher=S. Chand Publications |year=1982 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=378: Bhavnagar State under Vakhtsinhaji had conquered, [[Talaja]] from the [[Nawab]] of [[Khambhat]] and the strongholds of [[Mahuva]], Kundla , [[Rajula]], [[Gadhada]] and [[Botad]] from Khasia Kolis who were under nominal protection of Nawab of [[Junagadh]]. |language=en}}</ref> Khasiya Kolis were pirates in Gujarat ocean and lived by piracy.<ref name=":0"/> The Khasia Kolis of Gujarat got their name from Khas village in Ranpur [[Regions of Gujarat|region]] of [[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]] [[List of districts of Gujarat|district]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=DQFnsgkrkG8C |title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India |date=1985 |publisher=Usha Publications |year=1985 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=487 |language=en}}</ref> The Khasia Kolis around [[Mahuva, Bhavnagar|Mahuva]] in [[Gohelwar|Gohilwad]] district, had marital relations with [[Gohil dynasty|Gohils]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=RY1uAAAAMAAJ |title=Division and Hierarchy: An Overview of Caste in Gujarat |last2=Desai |first2=Ishwarlal Pragji |date=1988 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1988 |isbn=978-81-7075-008-6 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=60 |language=en}}</ref> [[Juna Padar]] and [[Shevdivadar]] were ruled by Kolis of Khasia clan<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=c70MAAAAIAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA706&dq=Khasia+Koli&hl=en&redir_esc=y |title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency ... |date=1884 |publisher=Printed at the Government Central Press |language=en}}</ref> ===Pattikar Kolis=== The '''Pattikar''', or '''Patekar''', '''Pattekar''' and '''Patikar''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]] and neighbouring Territories.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=100: Clans of Mahadev Kolis of Maharashtra: Patekar, Padhole, Jadhav, Jadhav, Chaudhary, Gabale.... |language=en}}</ref> In 1761, The Pattikar Kolis with the help of [[Bhangare Kolis|Bhangare]] and [[Khade Kolis|Khade]] [[List of Koli people|Kolis]] captured the [[Forts in India|fort]] of [[Trimbak]] from [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]] [[Princely state|state]] and gave it to [[Peshwa]] ([[Prime Minister of India|Prime minister]]) of [[Maratha Empire]].{{sfn|Ghurye|1957|pp=12|ps=}} They were led by [[Kheroji Pattikar]] who was serving in Maratha Empire and was rewarded with grants of villages and a large sum of money.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=104 |language=en}}</ref> ===Chivhe Kolis=== The '''Chivhe''', or '''Chive'''<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=esAIAAAAQAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA430&dq=Chive+Koli&hl=en&redir_esc=y |title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Poona (3 pts.) |date=1885 |publisher=Government Central Press |language=en}}</ref> is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]]. Chivhe Kolis were [[Nayak (title)|Naiks]] of [[Purandar Fort|Purandar]] [[Forts in India|fort]] served in [[Maratha Empire]] of [[Shivaji]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Guha |first=Sumit |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=KHa7DwAAQBAJ&dq=Chivhe+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=History and Collective Memory in South Asia, 1200–2000 |date=2019-11-01 |publisher=[[University of Washington Press]] |year=2019 |isbn=978-0-295-74623-4 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=93 - 96 - 191 |language=en}}</ref> Chivhe Kolis were soldiers, cultivators and [[Vatandar]] in Maratha Empire and also in [[Bidar Sultanate|Bidar]] [[Deccan sultanates|Sultanate]] and received the title of [[Sarnaik]] from Bidar [[Badshah]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Guha |first=Sumit |url=http://archive.org/details/environmentethni0000guha |title=Environment and ethnicity in India, 1200-1991 |date=1999 |publisher=[[New York]] : [[Cambridge University Press]] |others=Internet Archive |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-521-64078-7 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=110 - 119}}</ref> The Chivhe Kolis of [[Purandar Fort|Purandar]] revolted against the [[Peshwa]] government because of the appointing of new [[Sarnaik]] named Abhaji [[Purandare]] who was a [[Brahmin]] by [[Caste system in India|caste]]. Chivhe Kolis were not in favour of Abhaji Purandare because they were [[Vatandar]] and Purandare was controlling their rights on land. Thereupon, Abhaji Purandare dismissed all of them and appointed fresh fortkeepers. After that 400 Chivhe Kolis entered and captured the fort by killing officers and took control of [[garrison]]. a duty imposed on the surrounding villages. they brought out their weapons and proceeded to seize control of the fort on 7 May 1764. Five days later they took the fort of Rudramal. Interestingly, they appointed a [[Brahman]], Visaji Kesava to superintend affairs within the fort. They also began to appropriate the state and private property in the fort for safe-keeping. [[Peshwa]] [[Raghunath Rao|Raghunathrao]] had went to fort to worship the temple but there peshwa was captured by them. Finally, the garrison despatched horsemen and began to collect tribute from adjoining regions. Reproved for this, Kondaji Naik Chivhe wrote to the Peshwa: ‘''Then how is the master’s fort to be safeguarded by us on empty stomachs?''’; and demanded a years’ pay and pro visions. The infuriated Raghunathrao despatched [[Maratha (caste)|Maratha]] troops to punish the insurgents Kolis but [[Maratha Army|Maratha army]] was unable to enter the fortresses controlled by Chivhe Kolis. Peshwa began seizing the families of the insurgents (Chivhe Kolis), beating and maltreating the women and children, and burning villages.The insurgents were quite aware of the tensions between Raghunathrao and his nephew, and sent a delegation with protestations of loyalty to the camp of [[Madhavrao I|Madhavrao]], then on the [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]] frontier. Raghunathrao’s attempts for repression also failed to the insurgents, who had ‘taken the tiger- hunters’ oath’, and he now decided to win over the garrison to his side by reinstating them.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Guha |first=Sumit |url=http://archive.org/details/environmentethni0000guha |title=Environment and ethnicity in India, 1200-1991 |date=1999 |publisher=[[New York]] : [[Cambridge University Press]] |others=[[Internet Archive]] |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-521-64078-7 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=112 - 114 |language=[[English language|English]]}}</ref> ===Mewasi Kolis=== The '''Mewasi''', or '''Mevasi''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhatnagar |first=Rashmi Dube |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=FK6_l2_TCfgC&dq=Mevasi+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Female Infanticide in India: A Feminist Cultural History |last2=Dube |first2=Renu |last3=Dube |first3=Reena |date=2012-02-01 |publisher=[[State University of New York Press]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-7914-8385-5 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=266 |language=en}}</ref> '''Mehwasi'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Krishan |first=Shri |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=SM9jDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT46&dq=Mehwasi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj38Z6KyZP6AhVSXHwKHYWzDyMQ6AF6BAgFEAE#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Political Mobilization and Identity in Western India, 1934-47 |date=2005-04-07 |publisher=SAGE Publishing India |year=2005 |isbn=978-93-5280-307-1 |location=New Delhi, India |language=en}}</ref> is a Clan (Gotra) of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]]. The Koli chieftains of villages populated by Kolis were titled as ''Mewasi'' because of their rebellious activities against [[List of Maratha Rulers|Maratha]] and [[Mughal emperors|Mughal]] rulers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kohli |first=Atul |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=wAMABAAAQBAJ&dq=Mewasi+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=India's Democracy: An Analysis of Changing State-Society Relations |date=2014-07-14 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-4008-5951-1 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=267 |language=en}}</ref> In that days, Mewasi word was used to describe the unruly, turbulent and violent person but during [[British Raj]], Mewasi was used for Koli chieftains in rebellions against British rule as a hero.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1995 |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=200 |language=en}}</ref> Koli Mewasis liked the independent rule of self so they always fought against their [[Raja|Rajas]], [[Maharaja|Maharajas]] and other rulers. Koli Mewasis often plundered the villages to collect the revenue.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=dwluAAAAMAAJ |title=Dominance and State Power in Modern India: Decline of a Social Order |date=1989 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1989 |isbn=978-0-19-562098-6 |edition=2nd |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=66 |language=en}}</ref> In the fifteenth century , the early [[Sultan|Sultans]] of [[Ahmedabad]] attempted to subjugate the Koli Mehwasis; but they were met with such a sturdy resistance from those chiefs, who were naturally helped by the wild nature of their Koli chiefs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Patel |first=Govindlal Dalsukhbhai |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=c3kuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Indian Land Problem and Legislation |date=1954 |publisher=N. M. Tripathi |year=1954 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=78 |language=en}}</ref> Firozkhan II ruled at [[Palanpur State|Palanpur]] from 1707-1719, during which period he attacked and took [[Tharad]] which was ruled by Koli chieftain, subdued the Koli Mewasis of Sur Bhakhri, Kidotar and [[Dabhel|Dabhela]] and extended his territory.<ref>{{Cite book |url= |title=The Palanpur Agency Directory |date=1919 |publisher= |year=1919 |edition=2nd |location=[[Mumbai]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]] |pages=20 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Rewa Kantha Agency|Rewakantha]] settlements were made during the regime of [[Sayaji Rao I Gaekwad|Sayajirao]]. these areas were constantly disturbed by the depredations of the Koli Mehwasis, and the maintenance of law and order in these areas became a challenge for Baroda government.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kamerkar |first=Mani |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=zmMfAAAAMAAJ |title=British Paramountcy: British-Baroda Relations, 1818-1848 |date=1980 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=1980 |isbn=978-0-940500-75-4 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=33 |language=en}}</ref> Here are some prominent subclans of Koli Mewasis: [[Baria]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Patel |first=Govindlal Dalsukhbhai |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=L0A_AAAAIAAJ |title=Agrarian Reforms in Bombay: The Legal and Economic Consequences of the Abolition of Land Tenures |date=1950 |publisher=the Author |year=1950 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=50 |language=en}}</ref> The villages which were ruled or controlled by rebellious [[List of Koli people|Koli]] chieftains and inhabited by turbulent Kolis were called ''Mewasi Villages'' by [[Mughal emperors|Mughal]] rulers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=zePZAAAAMAAJ |title=Exploring India's Rural Past: A Gujarat Village in the Early Nineteenth Century |date=2002 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-19-565732-6 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=28 |language=en}}</ref> The Barmuvada, Chhapra, Khumarwad were most notable Mewasi villages and their Koli chieftains were recieving ''Giras'' dues from Radhvanaj rulers.{{sfn|Shah|2002|pp=39}} The [[British Raj|British]] government always faced the trouble in Mehwasi areas and used the troops to collect the annual revenue.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gidwani |first=Vinay Krishin |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7B5NAQAAMAAJ |title=Fluid Dynamics: An Essay on Canal Irrigation and the Processses of Agrarian Change in Matar Taluka (Gujarat). India |date=1996 |publisher=[[University of California, Berkeley]] |year=1996 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=165 - 167 |language=en}}</ref> ===Baria Kolis=== The '''Baria Koli''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Enthoven |first=Reginald Edward |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=FoT6gPrbTp8C&pg=PA65&dq=Baria+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiSornIiPL2AhVESWwGHV7oDUc4ZBDoAXoECAgQAw#v=onepage&q=Baria%20Koli&f=false |title=The Tribes and Castes of Bombay |date=1990 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |year=1990 |isbn=978-81-206-0630-2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=65 |language=en}}</ref> or '''Baraiya,'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yājñika |first=Acyuta |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=wmKIiAPgnF0C&pg=PA304&dq=Baraiya+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiI1pjfj_L2AhUs4zgGHZHwAEQQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Baraiya%20Koli&f=false |title=The Shaping of Modern Gujarat: Plurality, Hindutva, and Beyond |last2=Sheth |first2=Suchitra |date=2005 |publisher=[[Penguin Books India]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-14-400038-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=304 |language=en}}</ref> '''Bareeya'''<ref name=":1"/> and '''Bariya'''<ref name=":0"/> is a [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|clan]] of the [[List of Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian State]] of [[Gujarat]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=A community called Koli - Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/a-community-called-koli------------------------/214908/ |access-date=2022-04-01 |website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref> and [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gopal |first=Krishna |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pQfgAAAAMAAJ |title=Fairs and Festivals of India: Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra |date=2003 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |year=2003 |isbn=978-81-212-0811-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=35 |language=en}}</ref> the [[Devgadh Baria|Devgad Baria]] was their Stronghold or given their name to [[Baria State]] in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Desai |first=Anjali H. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=gZRLGZNZEoEC&dq=Baria+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=India Guide Gujarat |date=2007 |publisher=India Guide Publications |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-9789517-0-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=184 |language=en}}</ref> according to the historian '''Y.V.S Nath''', the ruling royal family of [[Baria State]] is original [[Koli people|Koli]] by caste but later they claimed to be of [[Rajput]] origin to be in high status among other [[Princely State]]s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nath |first=Y. V. S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=eXEbAAAAMAAJ |title=Bhils of Ratanmal: An Analysis of the Social Structure of a Western Indian Community |date=1960 |publisher=[[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]] |year=1960 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=65: presence in these regions, by explaining that they came in the wake of the founders of the present ruling houses of Bariya State and other estates in the area. The latter however claim to be Rajputs today, though the local traditions give them a Koli extraction." Till recently, most of the thakurdari and ankadi rights in these States were held by Bariya Kolis. Some of them even claim kinship with the Rulers of Baria and the Thakurs of Ratanmal. |language=en}}</ref> According to the census records of 1931, there were 1,03,769 [[Hindus|Hindu]] Baria Kolis and 5 Baria Kolis were converted to [[Jainism|Jain]] [[Religion in India|religion]] in the [[Baroda State]] of [[Gaekwad dynasty|Gaekwars]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1995 |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=188 |language=en}}</ref> The Baria Kolis got their name from the [[Devgadh Baria]] of Gujarat and it was their Stronghold as well as they were lawless and turbulent people.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=RY1uAAAAMAAJ |title=Division and Hierarchy: An Overview of Caste in Gujarat |last2=Desai |first2=Ishwarlal Pragji |date=1988 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1988 |isbn=978-81-7075-008-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=7 |language=en}}</ref> Historically, the Baria Kolis were well known [[Koli piracy in India|pirates]] of Gujarat and the [[Piram Island|Piram]] [[island]] of Gujarat was stronghold of Baria Koli pirates but later they were defeated by [[Mokhadaji Gohil]] in 1325.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singhji |first=Virbhadra |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=NYK7ZSpPzkUC&dq=Baria+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=The Rajputs of Saurashtra |date=1994 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=1994 |isbn=978-81-7154-546-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=39 |language=en}}</ref> [[Rawal]] [[Bhavsinhji II|Bhavsinhji]] of [[Bhavnagar State|Bhavnagar]] died in 1764, leaving behind him five sons, and the eldest of and these, Akherajji I, succeeded as Ruler of the State. At this juncture the fort of [[Talaja, Bhavnagar|Talaja]] was in the hands of Baria Koli pirates, a ment lawless band of pirates who infested the western littoral from [[Cambay State|Cambay]] to the [[Indus River|Indus]]. Their unjust exactions pressed so heavily upon merchants in that locality that the large trade previously carried on was almost entirely ruined, even British ships falling ment then sent [[Troop|troops]], which were assisted by Rawal Akherajji and his army, and it was their combined forces which captured the stronghold of Talaja and defeated the Baria clan of Koli pirates.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bond |first=J. W. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=47sfj8DUwNgC&dq=Baria+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey |last2=Wright |first2=Arnold |date=2006 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-81-206-1965-4 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=371 - 376 |language=en}}</ref> During the [[British Raj|British]] Raj in Gujarat, The Baria Kolis were holders of Vanta lands (private estates).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Clark |first=Alice Whitcomb |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PQFtAAAAMAAJ |title=Central Gujarat in the Nineteenth Century: The Integration of an Agrarian System |date=1979 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin--Madison]] |year=1979 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=354 - 355 |language=en}}</ref> the Bariya Kolis were formerly known as Bandits because of their anti-social activities but later settled as agriculturist in villages.<ref name=":0" /> Around 1950, Kolis of Baria clan joined the [[Gujarat Kshatriya Sabha]] which was started by Koli elite [[Natwarsinh Solanki]] for upliftment of Koli society.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghosh |first=Buddhadeb |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=zleOAAAAMAAJ |title=State Politics and Panchayats in India |last2=Kumar |first2=Girish |date=2003 |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |year=2003 |isbn=978-81-7304-487-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=95 |language=en}}</ref> after joining the Sabha, Baria Kolis were not in conflicts against [[Rajput|Rajputs]] but Kolis of [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] didn't joined the Sabha because they think that [[Patidar]] is not our enemy and we don't need Rajputs to be called as [[Kshatriya]].<ref name=":1" /> ===Shial Kolis=== The '''Shial''', or '''Shiyal''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]]. They were noted [[Koli piracy in Gujarat|pirates]] of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond Brady |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=rs5JDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PT94&dq=Shials+Kolis&hl=en&redir_esc=y |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |language=en}}</ref> Shial Kolis defeated and captured the Shial island from [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]] [[Portuguese India Armadas|India]] and make it their stronghold along with [[Chanch, Gujarat|Chanch]] but later they were defeated by [[Nawab]] of [[Janjira State|Janjira]] and [[Jafarabad State|Jafrabad]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Department |first=Great Britain Hydrographic |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=jIZKh-zoF-0C&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA36&dq=Shial+Kolis&hl=en&redir_esc=y |title=The West India Pilot |date=1987 |publisher=J. D. Potter. |year=1987 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=36 |language=en}}</ref> during the [[World War I]], they were enlisted as soldiers in [[British Indian Army]] by [[British Raj|British Indian government]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Duk2AQAAMAAJ |title=A Short Record of Bombay Recruiting During the Great War |date=1919 |publisher=Printed at the Government Central Press |year=1919 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=17 |language=en}}</ref> The Shial Kolis got their name from the Shial [[island]] situated at south coast of [[Kathiawar]].<ref name=":0"/> == Titles (Upadhi) == === Koli Khedut === The '''Khedut''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1457&dq=Khedut+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiLz8zJhMeHAxUNk1YBHeHkFvAQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-0-19-563357-3 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=1457 |language=en}}</ref> or '''Khedoot''' is a [[Title|term]] or [[Indian honorifics|title]] used for the [[Koli caste|Koli]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Silverberg |first=James |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Peasant_Behavior_and_Its_Caste_relevancy/bvA0AQAAIAAJ?hl=en |title=Peasant Behavior and Its Caste-relevancy: The Kolis of Kasandra |date=1962 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin]] |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=147 |language=en}}</ref> [[caste]] of [[Gujarat]] who were traditional [[farmer]] and [[Peasant|peasants]] or [[Landlord|landlords]] [[Koli rebellion|Kolis]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chand |first=Faquir |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lS-vD6l8cO8C&pg=PP19&dq=Khedut+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiLz8zJhMeHAxUNk1YBHeHkFvAQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=People of India: Daman and Diu |last2=Sinha |first2=N. K. |date=1992 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7154-762-3 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kumar Suresh |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/People_of_India/1lZuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=People of India: India's communities |date=1998 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-0-19-563354-2 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=1775: They are non-vegetarian and their staple food includes bajra, rice and fish. The Koli have three endogamous divisions based on occupation, namely Macchi Koli, '''Khedut Koli''' and [[Kadia (term)|Kadia Koli]]. |language=en}}</ref> During the [[British Raj]] in [[India]], The Koli Kheduts of [[Nawanagar State|Navanagar State]] were worstly affected by the high rates of interest by [[Loan|moneylenders]] of [[Navanagar]] Riyasat for the loan given by them to Koli Kheduts for agriculture.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gujarat (India) |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Gazetteers_Jamnagar_District/jUZuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Gazetteers: Jamnagar District |date=1970 |publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=264 |language=en}}</ref> The Khedut Kolis was represented and uplifted by their '''Gujarat Koli Khedut Samaj''' organisation till 1967 along with other castes such as [[Rajput|Rajputs]], landowning [[Bhil|Bhils]] and poor [[Patidar|Patidars]] in minor numbers but in 1969 [[Indira Gandhi]] of [[Indian National Congress]] party Introduced the [[KHAM theory]] as vaste politics for [[Koli Patel|Koli]], [[Dalit|Harijan]], [[Adivasi]] and [[Muslims]] with a [[Koli rebellion against Maratha empire|Koli]] leader [[Madhav Singh Solanki|Madhavsinh Solanki]] and mobilized the [[Other Backward Class]] Kolis to form the [[Government of Gujarat|government in Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kumar |first=Pramod |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Polluting_Sacred_Faith/v4raAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Polluting Sacred Faith: A Study on Communalism and Violence |date=1992 |publisher=Ajanta Publications |isbn=978-81-202-0370-9 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=158 |language=en}}</ref> The meaning of the Khedut is peasant of farmer which is called as Kisaan in [[hindi]] [[Languages of India|language]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bayly |first=Susan |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=HbAjKR_iHogC&pg=PA385&dq=Khedut+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiLz8zJhMeHAxUNk1YBHeHkFvAQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age |date=2001-02-22 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-79842-6 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=385 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Feeding_the_Baniya/8EsfAQAAIAAJ?hl=en |title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India |date=1996 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-563956-8 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=XV |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Darbar === The '''Darbar''', '''Durbar''' or '''Darbar Sahib''' is a [[honorific]] [[title]] of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref name=":0"/> During the reign of [[Maratha Empire]] and [[British Raj|British Indian Empire]], Koli Darbars were petty rulers of several villages and jagirs and known as '''Pallavi Darbar Sahib''' and '''[[Thakor|Koli Thakor]]''' for their landholdings.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Raymond Brady |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rs5JDwAAQBAJ&q=Palavi+Darbars+Koli |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=In north Gujarat certain Kolis are located and are classed as '''Palavi Darbars''' in social usage and '''Koli Thakors''' in official records. they were chieftains of one or more villages in the Maratha and British regimes. The [[Chunvalia Koli]]s have twenty-one sub-divisions |language=en}}</ref> The Kolis who were enjoying the power called '''Koli Darbar''' often use ''Sang'', ''Singh'' and ''Sinh'' as their middle name.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1995 |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=139:[[Koli people|Koli]]s enjoying power were called '''Koli Darbar'''. Generally the name of a member of this stratum ends with the suffix sang, [[singh]], or sinh (literally, lion) as for instance, Takhesang, Jashvantsingh, and Fulsinh |language=en}}</ref> according to the [[Harald Tambs-Lyche]], the Kolis who respected as '''Darbar Sahib''' were not agriculturist like other Khedut Kolis (Farmer Kolis) of Gujarat and generally follow the [[Kshatriya]] ways of Koli society.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tambs-Lyche |first=Harald |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ntuAAAAMAAJ |title=Power, Profit, and Poetry: Traditional Society in Kathiawar, Western India |date=1996-12-31 |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-7304-176-1 |location=[[New Delhi]], India, Asia |pages=132 |language=en}}</ref> The Koli Darbars of north [[Gujarat]] made several vast gathering under their '''''Koli society organisations''''' to uplift their society and educational interests.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url= |title=Mobility among Koli kshatriyas |date=1989 |publisher=Hindustan Publication Corporation |year=1989 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=184:The Koli Darbars of north Gujarat have begun their own conventions for bringing about social reform, educational uplift, and economic well-being in their own circles. One such meeting was held at Bahucharaji on |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Maratha === The '''Maratha Koli'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA561&dq=Maratha+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjwmcf--fWGAxUYdmwGHebVBVY4WhDoAXoECAoQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-0-19-563357-3 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] in [[Maharashtra]] who fought for [[Maratha Empire|Maratha Confederacy]] during the [[Maratha dynasty|Maratha ruler]] [[Shivaji]] and for their bravery, Shivaji recognised them as [[Maratha Koli|Maratha]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sadasivan |first=S. N. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Be3PCvzf-BYC&pg=PA245&dq=Sultan+Kolis&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjujrGP6euCAxUhSGwGHRntC784KBDoAXoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=A Social History of India |date=2000 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7648-170-0 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=245: Sivaji was given unstinted support for his military operations by the swordsmen belonging to the Hill [[Koli people|Koli]]s of [[Bavan Maval|Mawal]] who were made later on Marathas by him. The Brahmins did not protest at this upgradation because in spite of their conversion, the Hill Kolis remained as Sudras within the Sudras. |language=en}}</ref> according to the '''[[Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency|District Gazetteer of Thane]]''' from 1882, The elite or respectable Koli families were called as Maratha Koli in Maharashtra.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hansen |first=Thomas Blom |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Bf5ZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA31&dq=Maratha+Kolis&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjPidrP_PWGAxX0SmwGHdpHCdU4ChDoAXoECAgQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Wages of Violence: Naming and Identity in Postcolonial Bombay |date=2018-06-05 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn=978-0-691-18862-1 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=31 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hansen |first=Thomas Blom |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=iRAj9NnMdYgC&pg=PA31&dq=Maratha+Kolis&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjPidrP_PWGAxX0SmwGHdpHCdU4ChDoAXoECAQQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Violence in Urban India: Identity Politics, 'Mumbai', and the Postcolonial City |date=2005 |publisher=[[Permanent Black]] |isbn=978-81-7824-120-3 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Bandkari === The '''Bandkari''', or '''Bundkari''' is a [[title]] conferred to the [[Koli caste|Koli]] chief of [[Dacoity|dacoits]] or [[Revolution|revolutionaries]] of [[Maharashtra]] till 1960.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=96 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Krishan |first=Shri |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7sOGAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA146&dq=Bandkaris+Kolis&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwioqvqnwfT2AhW7RmwGHatMCqwQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=Bandkaris%20Kolis&f=false |title=Political Mobilization and Identity in Western India, 1934-47 |date=2005-04-07 |publisher=SAGE Publications India |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-321-0208-3 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=146 |language=en}}</ref> if a person pleasure the Koli heros call them as '''Bandkari''' but when want to degrade calls them '''Daku'''.{{sfn|Hardiman|2007|p=140}} ==== Origin ==== The meaning of Bandkari is revolutionary or leader of [[Koli rebellion|revolt]]. The ''Band'', or ''Bund'' means revolt (rebellion) and ''Kari'' means leader or a person of position.{{sfn|Hardiman|2007|p=102}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=8EsfAQAAIAAJ |title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India |last2=Hardiman |first2=Professor of History David |date=1996 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-19-563956-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=Xiii |language=en}}</ref> According to a [[19th century]] [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-[[English language|English]] [[dictionary]], Band meant either [[Rebellion|insurrection]], [[sedition]], or an [[Insurgency|insurgent]], a rebel. A 'Bandkhorvala' or 'Bandkari' was a [[Rebellion|rebellious]] person. Until the 19th century, the title appears to have been associated exclusively with revolts against the [[Princely state|state]] or other ruling powers. Revolts by Mahadev Kolis were all described as Bands. [[List of districts of Maharashtra|Regions]] which were outside the control of the [[Maratha Koli|Maratha]] [[Maratha Empire|state]] were known as 'Bandi Mulk'. During the course of the nineteenth century, the title evolved, being associated increasingly with the activities of [[Peasant|peasants]] rebelling against social oppression. Today, the people of the mountain regions describe the Koli outlaws as Bandkaris. This is not a word that appears in the nineteenth-century records. The title is applied now not so much to a rebel against the state, but to a person who has put himself outside the law to fight the social oppressors of his caste. He thus enjoys the support of the caste as a whole. In this, the Bandkari is distinguished today from the [[Daku]], or dacoit, who is seen as being involved in illegal activities primarily for his own gain, and who does not enjoy popular support. In English. we may say that the contrast, as it now exists, is between the social bandit, as defined by [[Eric Hobsbawm]], and the mere 'robber' or 'thief who belongs to a professional underworld. When outsiders wish to denigrate the heroes of the Kolis, they call them Dakus. In this section of the essay, I shall examine the tradition of the Band in the pre colonial and early colonial periods, seeing how it had begun to change by 1830, and then go on in the following section to see how this tradition fed into the revolt of Raghu Bhangare.{{sfn|Hardiman|2007|p=102}} ==== Diffrence between Bandkari and Dacoit ==== The Bandkari is thus different from the dacoits of the professional underworld. Intrinsic to the varying significance is a complex interplay of power, benefit and dissent with agenda and alliances of convenience. * Dacoits looted the people for their livelihood but a Bandkari looted only rich or bad people. * Dacoits collected the looted goods for self but a Bandkari distribute the looted goods in needed or poor people. * Dacoits generally attacked the people but a Bandkari plundered the rich or high profile person in response to punish him. === Koli Dharala === The '''Dharala''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yājñika |first=Acyuta |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=wmKIiAPgnF0C&pg=PA304&dq=Dharala+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi8lcvTn_j2AhU53jgGHY33CksQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=Dharala%20Koli&f=false |title=The Shaping of Modern Gujarat: Plurality, Hindutva, and Beyond |last2=Sheth |first2=Suchitra |date=2005 |publisher=[[Penguin Books India]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-14-400038-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=304 |language=en}}</ref> or '''Dhurala''' is a [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|title]] used by [[List of Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] of [[Gujarat]], [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|Dadar and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]] who were professional soldiers and were experts in sword fighting.<ref name=":0"/> during the [[British Raj]] in India, the 80% of the total population of of Kolis in [[Kheda district]] were Dharala.<ref name=":0" /> the Koli Dharalas plundered the [[British Raj|British]] trading ships because they were turbulent and considered as bad tribe.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drew |first=John |date=2021-12-06 |title=The Christmas the Kolis took to cricket |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/views/in-focus/news/the-christmas-the-kolis-took-cricket-2910376 |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> the Koli Dharalas also served in [[British Indian Army]] as trackers and village guard and were occasionally used as soldiers in wartime by British government in return of sum.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=Jyotindra |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=nuPWAAAAMAAJ |title=Folk Art and Culture of Gujarat: Guide to the Collection of the Shreyas Folk Museum of Gujarat |last2=Gujarat |first2=Shreyas Folk Museum of |date=1980 |publisher=Shreyas Prakashan |year=1980 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=133 |language=en}}</ref> The most of the Koli Dharalas were from [[Patanvadia Koli|Patanvadia]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tambs-Lyche |first=Harald |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5ntuAAAAMAAJ |title=Power, Profit, and Poetry: Traditional Society in Kathiawar, Western India |date=1996-12-31 |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-7304-176-1 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=130: a significant number of Patanvadia Kolis were Dharala in kaira district |language=en}}</ref> [[Talapada Koli|Talapada]] subcaste of Kolis eho were prosperous and respected in society and ruled over petty [[Princely State]]s during British regime.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Saṅghavī |first=Nagīnadāsa Purushottamadāsa |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=zDRwAAAAMAAJ |title=Gujarat: A Political Analysis |date=1995 |publisher=[[Centre for Social Studies]] |year=1995 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=71:Dharala Koli who were of Talapada subcaste of Koli caste - s are the most prosperous group amongst the community and enjoy the highest status within the community because a few of them were petty princes during the British regime . A group of castes ( 25 % ) of Hindus ... |language=en}}</ref> ==== Dharala Vero ==== The Dharala Vero was a type of tax collected by Kolis of Gujarat to allowed the other caste people to live in their villages.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Clark |first=Alice Whitcomb |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=dzNtAAAAMAAJ |title=Central Gujarat in the Nineteenth Century: The Integration of an Agrarian System |date=1979 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin--Madison]] |year=1979 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=72 |language=en}}</ref> in 1920, the [[Mahatma Gandhi|Mahatma]] [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhi]] tried to reform the Koli Dharalas to get ride of Anti social activities such as gang Robberies and tax collection from other caste people.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lzWFAAAAIAAJ |title=Peasant Nationalists of Gujarat: Kheda District, 1917-1934 |date=1981 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1981 |isbn=978-0-19-561255-4 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=174 |language=en}}</ref> ==== Origin or meaning ==== The title of Dharala is taken from the '''Dhar''' (Sharpness) of a sword's edge. Dharala means experts of sword fighting.{{sfn|Chaturvedi|2007|p=30}} ==== Clans ==== The most of the Koli Dharalas were belong to the [[Baria Koli|Baria]] clan of Kolis.{{sfn|Clark|1979|p=138}} === Koli Deshmukh === The '''Deshmukh''' is a [[Indian honorifics|title]] used by the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] of [[Maharashtra]]. The ruling royal [[List of Koli people|Koli]] of [[Surgana State]] held the title of Deshmukh respectively.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lethbridge |first=Sir Roper |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7iOsNUZ2MXgC&pg=PA521&lpg=PA521&dq=Deshmukh+Koli&source=bl&ots=Zl3ggwjgwV&sig=ACfU3U0apb8D2PDM5dwv6U8EUCrDKfIRXw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjyrI7KuvD2AhXrTGwGHSh6AQw4PBDoAXoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=Deshmukh%20Koli&f=false |title=The Golden Book of India: A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and Other Personages, Titled Or Decorated of the Indian Empire |date=2005 |publisher=Aakar Books |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-87879-54-1 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=521 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Waghmare |first=Abhishek |date=2018-04-14 |title=Why Maharashtra farmers walked 170 km and how their strike played out |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/how-the-maharashtra-farmers-strike-played-out-and-why-they-walked-170-km-118041100370_1.html |access-date=2022-03-31}}</ref> the title Deshmukh mostly used by Mahadev Kolis who ruled over several [[Princely state|Princely States]] before [[Indian independence movement|Independence of India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=103 |language=en}}</ref> most of the influenced Koli families conferred the titles of Deshmukh, [[Patwari|Patvari]] and [[Patel]] by ruler of their territories.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Provinces (India) |first=Central |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4ScmAQAAIAAJ |title=Akola |date=1910 |publisher=Printed at the [[Pioneer Press]] |year=1910 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=116: Kshatriya Kolis are those who belong to deshmukh , patel , or patwāri families , while the rāja , royal , subdivision includes the Rāja of Jawhār in Bombay Presidency. |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Patil === The '''Patil'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kumar Suresh |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4bfmnmsBfQ4C&pg=PA1884&dq=Patil+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv9IuN_fr5AhXpFLcAHcoPBW4Q6AF6BAgJEAE#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Maharashtra |last2=Bhanu |first2=B. V. |last3=India |first3=Anthropological Survey of |date=2004 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=2004 |isbn=978-81-7991-102-0 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=1884 |language=en}}</ref> also known as '''Gaonpatil''' and '''Sarpatil'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Punekar |first=Vinaja B. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=VOU9AAAAIAAJ |title=The Son Kolis of Bombay |date=1959 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1959 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=301 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[Indian honorifics|title]] used by [[Koli people|Koli]] chiefs of villages in [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=132 - 133: A Koli Patil of his own village of Devgaon let him, Bhau Dungar and Khundu Sable hide out in a cattle shed which he kept in the mountains of Baglan, on the border with Khandesh. In September , after the monsoon was over, Raghu ... |language=en}}</ref> the [[Janjira State|Janjira]] island was built and fortified by Koli chieftain [[Ram Patil]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ali |first=Shanti Sadiq |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-3CPc22nMqIC&pg=PA158&dq=Patil+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv9IuN_fr5AhXpFLcAHcoPBW4Q6AF6BAgBEAE#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times |date=1996 |publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]] |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=158 |language=en}}</ref> Koli Patils sometimes called as '''Gaonpatil''' which means 'village head' and it is found among both [[Hindus|Hindu]] and [[Koli Christians|Christian Kolis]]. Patil is hereditary title to the Koli families of Maharashtra.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Kalpana |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=6RJWYfvHBCQC&pg=PA43&dq=Patil+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv9IuN_fr5AhXpFLcAHcoPBW4Q6AF6BAgFEAE#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Rediscovering Dharavi: Stories from Asia's Largest Slum |date=2000 |publisher=[[Penguin Books India]] |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-14-100023-7 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=43 |language=en}}</ref> In Koli society, there were several types of Patil<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Frederick Bruce |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=S9dmbS_n9UEC |title=Adaptation to Colonial Rule by the "wild Tribes" of the Bombay Deccan, 1818-1880: From Political Competition to Social Banditry |date=1978 |publisher=[[University of Minnesota]] |year=1978 |location=New Delhi, India |language=en}}</ref> * Police Patil: Police Patil was a service position in Kolis during [[British Raj]] and [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] rule. Kolis who were serving as in-charge of police knowns as Police Patil.{{sfn|Sharma|1978|pp=148}} * Zemidar Patil: the Kolis who were village headman or landlord were known as [[Zamindar|Zemidar]] Patil. They recieved the grants of villages from rulers for their services in [[Princely state|Princely states]], kingdoms and [[Deccan sultanates|Sultanates]].{{sfn|Sharma|1978|pp=149}} * Samajik Patil: the Koli people who were responsible to maintain order in Koli society and promote their problems were called as Samajik Patil.{{sfn|Sharma|1978|pp=317}} Kolis of Maharashtra served in Maratha Empire and a Koli Patil who was naval chief in [[Maratha Navy]] named [[Laya Sarpatil|Laya]] was honoured by [[Shivaji]] with the title of [[Patil (surname)|Sarpatil]] and grants of villages for his courageous actions and [[Siddi|Siddis]] of [[Murud-Janjira|Janjira]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khandpekar |first=Neeta M |date=September 2018 |title=India's Maritime History: Sea-faring groups and Maritime Icons |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327829489_India%27s_Maritime_History_Sea-faring_groups_and_Maritime_Icons |journal=Reasearchgate |via=[[University of Mumbai]]}}</ref> === Koli Patel === The '''Patel'''<ref name=":0"/> is a [[Surname]] of the [[Koli people|Koli]] caste of [[Gujarat]] in [[India]] which have most importance in the [[Politics of Gujarat]] and Koli Patels of [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] was most benefited under the rule of [[Indian National Congress]] party.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhatt|first=Himansshu|last2=Nov 23|first2=Melvyn Thomas / TNN /|last3=2012|last4=Ist|first4=23:07|title=Koli Patels have their say in south Gujarat {{!}} Surat News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/koli-patels-have-their-say-in-south-gujarat/articleshow/17341369.cms|access-date=2021-09-07|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Desai|first=Akshayakumar Ramanlal|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Ubk4qXLI9AQC&dq=Koli+Patel&source=gbs_navlinks_s|title=State and Repressive Culture: A Case Study of Gujarat|last2=D'Costa|first2=Wilfred|date=1994|publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=1994|isbn=978-81-7154-702-9|location=New Delhi, India|pages=12|language=en}}</ref> Koli Patels are recognised as a [[Other Backward Class]] caste by [[Government of Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Baviskar|first=B. S.|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PLmGAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA417&lpg=PA417&dq=Koli+Patel&source=bl&ots=gSFhy7ghbp&sig=ACfU3U2eWW_dBloSAmqsXEBEXk7VNrIUrw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjgqoHT6OzyAhUY7XMBHfeWCDw4RhDoAXoECBwQAg#v=onepage&q=Koli%20Patel&f=false|title=Inclusion and Exclusion in Local Governance: Field Studies from Rural India|last2=Mathew|first2=George|date=2009-01-14|publisher=SAGE Publications India|year=2009|isbn=978-81-321-0089-8|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=416 - 17|language=en}}</ref> Koli Patels are [[Agriculturist]] by profession and own the high [[Landed property|landholding]] in villages.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Baumgartner|first=Ruedi|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ndRjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT227&lpg=PT227&dq=Koli+Patel&source=bl&ots=AIoJM0CJUd&sig=ACfU3U2AzB9PuamsiigdVW5B0TINaf8nbA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi30IyZ6uzyAhVnILcAHUFtCmg4WhDoAXoECBYQAg#v=onepage&q=Koli%20Patel&f=false|title=In Search of Sustainable Livelihood Systems: Managing Resources and Change|last2=Hogger|first2=Ruedi|date=2004-08-10|publisher=SAGE Publishing India|isbn=978-93-5280-266-1|language=en}}</ref> Koli Patels also call himself as [[Mandhatri|Mandhata]] [[Patel]] and Mandhata Koli Patel and those who have migrated to [[East Africa]] are Businessman and civil servants.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hahlo|first=Ken|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=UKybDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT113&lpg=PT113&dq=Koli+Patels&source=bl&ots=TvX012f7xa&sig=ACfU3U3w8Ld3LIzem2UWQ6WMrYFtnDdoCg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwirkKul8OzyAhUs4nMBHR9mAJE4RhDoAXoECBYQAg#v=onepage&q=Koli%20Patels&f=false|title=Communities, Networks and Ethnic Politics|date=2018-08-10|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2018|isbn=978-0-429-86435-3|location=India|language=en}}</ref> ==== Clans ==== Some of the well known Clans of Koli Patels are here.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Perez|first=Rosa Maria|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=GDRWAglUumEC&dq=Koli+Patel&source=gbs_navlinks_s|title=Kings and Untouchables: A Study of the Caste System in Western India|date=2004|publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]]|year=2004|isbn=978-81-8028-014-6|location=New Delhi, India|pages=71|language=en}}</ref> * [[Chauhan clan|Chauhan]] * [[Makwana]] * [[Rathore|Rathod]] === Koli Kotwal === Among members of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]], Kotwal is a title, derived from the occupation of fort-keepers or protectors of forts and village leader.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Somanaboina |first1=Simhadri |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H5tIEAAAQBAJ&dq=Kotwal+Koli&pg=PT443 |title=The Routledge Handbook of the Other Backward Classes in India: Thought, Movements and Development |last2=Ramagoud |first2=Akhileshwari |date=2021-11-15 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |year=2021 |isbn=978-1-000-46280-7 |location=New Delhi, India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=B. S. S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PuydzvIol0gC&pg=PA161&dq=Kotwal+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjv0dX64aL7AhVMSmwGHS-aCnc4FBDoAXoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Television for Rural Development |date=1992 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |year=1992 |isbn=978-81-7022-377-1 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=161 |language=en}}</ref> Even when a Koli man retired as a kotwal, he and his descendants would use "Kotwal" as a surname as it signified prestige.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zePZAAAAMAAJ |title=Exploring India's Rural Past: A Gujarat Village in the Early Nineteenth Century |date=2002 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-19-565732-6 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=82–91 |language=en}}</ref> Kolis were Kotwal from the times of Mughal rule in Gujarat<ref>{{Cite book |last=Khān |first=ʻAlī Muḥammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P-ZjAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Mirat-i-Ahmadi: A Persian History of Gujarat |date=1965 |publisher=[[Oriental Institute]] |year=1965 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=831 |language=en}}</ref> and were hereditary Kotwal of the royal palaces of [[Rajkot State|Rajkot]], [[Morvi State|Morvi]] and [[Bhavnagar State|Bhavnagar]] [[Princely state|Princely states]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4_htAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Vanyajāti |date=1989 |publisher=Bharatiya Adimjati Sevak Sangh. |year=1989 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=26 |language=en}}</ref> Kolis of Maharashtra also served as Kotwal in [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]] and controlled the forts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shyam |first=Radhey |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5C4hBqKdkEsC&pg=PA376&dq=Kotwal+Kolis&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiEvY3D6KL7AhVhUWwGHTCICOQ4HhDoAXoECAsQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The Kingdom of Ahmadnagar |date=1966 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publications |year=1966 |isbn=978-81-208-2651-9 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=376 |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Girasia === The '''Girasia''', or '''Garasia''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Clark |first=Alice Whitcomb |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dzNtAAAAMAAJ |title=Central Gujarat in the Nineteenth Century: The Integration of an Agrarian System |date=1979 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin--Madison]] |year=1979 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=55: Koli garasias would often " hire a land from the manager of a village , trusting to the timidity of the other villagers , declare that it was O 1,57 famiiy , bapita , land |language=en}}</ref> '''Girasiya''' and '''Garasiya''' is a [[Indian honorifics|title]] used by the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Tribal chief|chieftains]] of petty [[Princely state|states]] or [[Jagir|Jagirdars]] who held the villages as ''Giras'' granted by rulers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bayly |first=Susan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HbAjKR_iHogC&dq=Girasia+Koli&pg=PA84 |title=Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age |date=2001-02-22 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-521-79842-6 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=84 |language=en}}</ref> the most of the [[Chunvalia Koli]]s held the title of Girasia and they worshipped the [[Hindus|Hindu]] goddess [[Shakti]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Enthoven |first=Reginald Edward |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eRkuXFD93zsC&dq=Girasia+Koli&pg=PA5 |title=Folk Lore Notes: Folklore of Gujurat |date=1989 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |year=1989 |isbn=978-81-206-0485-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=5 |language=en}}</ref> The Koli Garasiya were [[tributary]] to the ruler of state who gave the Giras.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hardiman |first1=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EsfAQAAIAAJ |title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India |last2=Hardiman |first2=Professor of History David |date=1996 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-19-563956-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=178 |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Pagi === The '''Pagi''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=EjORKo7maRUC&pg=PA168&dq=Pagi+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiFyJyhx_T2AhWzxzgGHeQBDtE4ChDoAXoECAgQAw#v=onepage&q=Pagi%20Koli&f=false |title=The Structure of Indian Society: Then and Now |date=2012-12-06 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-136-19770-3 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=168 |language=en}}</ref> or '''Pugee''' and '''Paghi'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Franco |first=Fernando |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=eioqAAAAYAAJ |title=The Silken Swing: The Cultural Universe of Dalit Women |last2=Macwan |first2=Jyotsna |last3=Ramanathan |first3=Suguna |date=2000 |publisher=Sangam Books Limited |year=2000 |isbn=978-81-85604-41-1 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=21 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|title]] used by [[List of Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] of [[Gujarat]] who were guard of village and served as detective for any [[List of Koli states and clans|ruler]] or chiefs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Silverberg |first=James |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bvA0AQAAIAAJ |title=Peasant Behavior and Its Caste-relevancy: The Kolis of Kasandra |date=1962 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin]] |year=1962 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=32 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Chunvalia Koli|Chunvalia]] Kolis adopted the profession of Pagi in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Shibani |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |year=1983 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=151: The Kolis also render their services to the entire village . Only Chuania (Chunvalia) Kolis adopt this traditional occupation of ' Pagi ' or village guard . |language=en}}</ref> a number of [[Talpada Koli|Talapada]] Kolis also served as Pagi and held the title as hereditary to family.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1995 |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=163 |language=en}}</ref> the title of Pagi also considered as inferior to [[Kotwal]] title of Kolis because some of Pagis worked as watchman so they was degraded in position.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=Jyotindra |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=nuPWAAAAMAAJ |title=Folk Art and Culture of Gujarat: Guide to the Collection of the Shreyas Folk Museum of Gujarat |last2=Gujarat |first2=Shreyas Folk Museum of |date=1980 |publisher=Shreyas Prakashan |year=1980 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=133 |language=en}}</ref> ==== Clans ==== The Talapada Kolis who served as Pagi adopted the [[Solanki (clan)|Solanki]] [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] in Radhvanaj of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=U8s0aBdDxEQC&pg=PA127&dq=Pagi+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjhvISfzPT2AhUpzDgGHfz-A284MhDoAXoECAcQAw#v=onepage&q=Pagi%20Koli&f=false |title=The Family in India: Critical Essays |date=1998 |publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]] |year=1998 |isbn=978-81-250-1306-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=127 |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Agariya === The '''Agariya''', or '''Agaria''' is a [[Indian honorifics|title]] of [[Chunvalia Koli|Chunvalia]] [[Koli people|Kolis]] who are [[Salt evaporation pond|salt farmers]] in [[Kutch district|Kutch]] [[List of districts of Gujarat|district]] of [[Gujarat]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chandra |first=Kavita Kanan |date=2017-02-24 |title=The salt farmers of wild ass country |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/the-salt-farmers-of-wild-ass-country/article17361838.ece |access-date=2022-07-23 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> in 2019, Koli Agariyas faces the great loss of salt trade because of the [[China–United States trade war|Trade war between China and United States of America]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gujarat Salt Industry Hit By US-China Trade War |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/special/gujarat-salt-industry-hit-by-uschina-trade-war/56519/1 |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref> They produce the 30% of the salt of the total of country.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Schooneveld |first=Inge van |date=2018-02-15 |title=The salt farmers of Little Ran of Kutch |url=https://sinchi-foundation.com/news/salt-little-ran-kutch/ |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Sinchi Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref> they were listed as [[Denotified Tribes|Criminal Tribe]] under [[Criminal Tribes Act]] of 1871 by [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British Indian government]] because of their [[Koli rebellions|rebellions]] against [[British Raj|British]] rule in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-10 |title=Education in the Desert: Field Notes from the Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat - Bhavna Harchandani |url=https://doingsociology.org/2022/04/10/education-in-the-desert-field-notes-from-the-little-rann-of-kutch-gujarat-bhavna-harchandani/ |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Doing Sociology |language=en-US}}</ref> The Koli Agariyas were [[Land tenure|landowners]] of the land of [[Little Rann of Kutch]] but in 1978 this area was declared as [[Indian Wild Ass Sanctuary|Wild Ass Sanctuary]] by [[Government of Gujarat]] and their lands were captured by Gujarat government.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Deepak |first=Sharanya |title=Will election change fate of the Agariyas of Gujarat? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2017/12/9/will-election-change-fate-of-the-agariyas-of-gujarat |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Koli Agariyas demanding recognition as farmers and an assurance that they have a legal right on [[Little Rann of Kutch]] land for salt farming to get the benifit like agriculture farmers such as money package and releif for natural calamities like flood.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Research sweetens deal for saltpan workers - Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/research-sweetens-deal-for-saltpan-workers/822350/2 |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref> ==== Clans ==== Here are some of the clans used by Agariya title holder Kolis of Kutch, * [[Jhala (clan)|Jhala]] * [[Makwana (clan)|Makwana]] * [[Jadav]] * [[Chudasama]] * [[Chauhan]] * [[Parmar]] * Rangpara * Munjapara * [[Zinzuwada|Jhinjhuvadia]] * [[Katosan State|Katosana]] ==== Classification ==== The Koli Agarias are classified as [[Other Backward Class]] by [[Government of Gujarat]] but in past they were notified as [[Denotified Tribes|Criminal Tribe]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |last3= |last4= |last5= |last6=Apps |first6= |title=Lok Sabha polls: Post-Rahul Gandhi visit, Congress all set to hand over salt-pan workers to BJP on platter |url=https://www.counterview.net/2014/03/lok-sabha-polls-post-rahul-gandhi-visit.html |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Counterview}}</ref> ==== Organisations ==== * Agariya Hitrakshak Manch<ref name=":0" /> === Koli Behera === The '''Behera''' or '''Dal Behera''' is a title of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[Koli rebellion|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Odisha]]. [[Koli Patel|Kolis]] of Odisha who were chief of villages used the '''Behera''' as a title.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ghosh |first1=G. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1xbRLoG5MAkC&dq=koli+behera&pg=PA156 |title=Indian Textiles: Past and Present |last2=Ghosh |first2=Shukla |date=1995 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7024-706-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Ghosh|first=G. K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UjpuAAAAMAAJ|title=Orissa: The Dazzle from Within (art, Craft and Culture of Orissa)|publisher=Ashish Publications|year=1993|isbn=978-81-7024-593-3|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=197: Behera is the hereditary title of Koli headman and the Behera of Koli village can be only Koli|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Thurston|first=Edgar|title=Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Kōli - Wikisource, the free online library|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Castes_and_Tribes_of_Southern_India/K%C5%8Dli|access-date=2022-02-07|website=en.wikisource.org|language=en}}</ref> === Koli Rana === The [[Koli people|Kolis]] of India used the [[Indian honorifics|title]] of '''Rana''' and ruled over [[Princely state|Princely State]] of [[Shevdivadar]]<ref>{{Cite book|author-link=Roper Lethbridge |last=Lethbridge |first=Roper |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7iOsNUZ2MXgC&dq=Rana+Koli&pg=PA501 |title=The Golden Book of India: A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and Other Personages, Titled Or Decorated of the Indian Empire |publisher=Aakar Books |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-87879-54-1 |location=[[New Delhi]], India, Asia |pages=501: [[Shevdivadar]], The Rána is a [[Koli people|Koli]] (aboriginal) Chief, ruling over a territory of 1 square mile, with a population of 246, chiefly [[Hindus]]. Residence - Shevdivadar, [[Kathiawar]], [[Bombay]] |language=en}}</ref> and [[Sinhagad]] [[Forts in India|fort]] was ruled by [[List of Koli people|Koli]] Rana [[Nag Nayak of Sinhagad|Nag Nayak]] who challenged the [[Delhi Sultanate|Delhi sultanate]]'s [[Sultan]] [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kale |first=Rohit Pralhadrao |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k8hcDwAAQBAJ&dq=nag+Nayak+Koli&pg=PT58 |title=Rajwata: Aavishkar Gad Killayacha |date=2018-05-24 |publisher=FSP Media Publications |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=Sinhagad was captured from the Koli tribal chieftain, Nag Naik, by Muhammad bin Tughlaq in 1328 AD. Shahaji Bhosale, as the commander of Ibrahim Adil Shah I, was entrusted with the control of the Pune region. His son Shivaji, however |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mehta |first=Jaswant Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=82puAAAAMAAJ |title=Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India: 1000-1526 A.D |date=1986 |publisher=[[Sterling Publishers]] |isbn=978-81-207-0573-9 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=197: Sultan was told that Nag Nayak, Rana of Kondhana (Sinhgad, near Poona ) did not pay tribute of Delhi . ' On his orders, the fortress was besieged by a contingent of the royal army ; it was defended gallantly by |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Mansabdar === The '''Mansabdar''', or '''Mansubdar''' is a Military [[Indian honorifics|title]] used by the [[List of Koli people|Kolis]] of [[Maharashtra]] during the reign of [[Maratha Empire]], [[Mughal Empire]] and [[Deccan Sultanates]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Frederick Bruce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9dmbS_n9UEC |title=Adaptation to Colonial Rule by the "wild Tribes" of the Bombay Deccan, 1818-1880: From Political Competition to Social Banditry |publisher=[[University of Minnesota]] |year=1978 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=283: Once in the Rajur jail of [[Maratha Empire]], the prisoner was confined under the guard of Javji Naik Mansabdar's men. Javji Naik Bambale , the Koli Mansabdar of the Naikwari Police , was the son of Devji Naik by his wife |language=en}}</ref> the Koli chiefs of Maharashtra held the good position of [[Sardar]] and '''Mansabdar''' in [[Bahamani Sultanate]] and [[Ahmednagar Sultanate]]'s military.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hassan |first=Syed Siraj ul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lYSd-3yL9h0C&dq=Mansabdar+Koli&pg=PA332 |title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |year=1989 |isbn=978-81-206-0488-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=332 |language=en}}</ref> the most prominent Koli Mansabdar in [[Maratha Empire]] was [[Javji Bamble]] who was Mansabdar of Rajur and was close aide to [[Tukoji Rao Holkar|Tukoji Holkar]] of [[Indore State]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yang |first=Anand A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DroEAQAAIAAJ |title=Crime and Criminality in British India |date=1985 |publisher=Association for Asian Studies |isbn=978-0-8165-0951-5 |pages=174: The best example is the career of a Koli named [[Javji Bamble]] , who was appointed Mansabdar after playing [[Nana Fadnavis]] off against [[Tukoji Holkar]] in the 1770s |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Sardar === The '''Sardar''' is a [[Indian honorifics|title]] used by the [[List of Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] of [[Maharashtra]] during the reign of [[Bahmani Sultanate|Bahamani]] and [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate|Ahmednagar]] [[Deccan sultanates|Sultanates]] conferred by the [[Sultan]]s of Both sultanates to the Koli [[Subedar|fortkeeper]] or Koli protecters of hilly tracts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hassan |first=Syed Siraj ul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lYSd-3yL9h0C&dq=Koli+Sardars&pg=PA332 |title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions |publisher=Asian Educational Services |year=1989 |isbn=978-81-206-0488-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=332: The Koli country was then known as Bávan Mávals, or fifty - two valleys, each under a naik . These naiks held a good position, both in the Bahamani and in the Ahmednagar kingdoms, ranking among the nobles called ' Sardars ' and Mansabsar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Behera |first=Maguni Charan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rVS9DwAAQBAJ&dq=koli+Sardar&pg=PA46 |title=Tribal Studies in India: Perspectives of History, Archaeology and Culture |date=2019-11-09 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-981-329-026-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=[[Bahamani Sultanate|Bahamani]] [[Sultan]]s conferred the title of Sardar to the Koli chiefs who held the charge of hilly tracts |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Heredia |first1=Rudolf C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mYKAAAAAMAAJ |title=Mobile, and Marginalized Peoples: Perspectives from the Past |last2=Ratnagar |first2=Shereen |publisher=Manohar Publications |year=2003 |isbn=978-81-7304-497-7 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=160: Raja Vikramajit, Shahjahan's governor of Gujarat, had to conduct an expedition in 1622 against some Kolis north of Ahmedabad who had ... The Bahmanis conferred the rank of Sardar on Koli chiefs who held charge of hill tracts |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Frederick Bruce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9dmbS_n9UEC |title=Adaptation to Colonial Rule by the "wild Tribes" of the Bombay Deccan, 1818–1880: From Political Competition to Social Banditry |publisher=University of Minnesota |year=1978 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=158–360: The men to be appointed over these jurisdictions were to be selected from among the existing Koli Sardars (men of influence), whom this official characterized both as having " acquired rank and substance |language=en}}</ref> == See more == * [[Koli dance]] == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Koli clan, Koli title}} [[Category:Koli]] 6fvmvtn3ugi818op0kop90f9rnf68m7 10367586 10367578 2025-07-02T12:11:39Z 103.240.170.83 /* Ethnic identity and Clan organization */ 10367586 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''[[Koli caste|Koli]]''' is a Indian [[caste]] mostly found in the Indian states of [[Gujarat]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]], [[Goa]], [[Telangana]], [[Daman and Diu]] and [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]. Here are the information about [[Koli rebellion|Koli]] [[Clan|clans]] ([[Gotra]]) and [[Title|titles]] (Upadhi): Before the [[Indian independence movement|Independence of India]], in Gujarat, the Bhil women were [[Concubinage|Concubines]] for the [[Koli Patel|Koli]] [[Tribal chief|landlords]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nath |first=Y. V. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eXEbAAAAMAAJ |title=Bhils of Ratanmal: An Analysis of the Social Structure of a Western Indian Community |publisher=[[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]] |year=1960 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=62: in Pipergota, a ruler is having a Dhanaki concubine for a number of years. But he does not live with her. He accepts no food from her. So his purity is unaffected and be remains a member of the higher society. Quite a few Bhilala land holders have Naika woman their concubines and in Baria, such relations are said to exist between the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]]s and [[Bhil]] women. |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=[[Vadodara|Baroda]] |first=[[Maharaja Sayajirao University]] of |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JNFUXvF9gywC&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Sociological Monograph Series |date=1960 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=62: in Pipergota, a ruler is having a Dhanaki concubine for a number of years. But he does not live with her. He accepts no food from her. So his purity is unaffected and be remains a member of the higher society. Quite a few Bhilala land holders have Naika woman their concubines and in Baria, such relations are said to exist between the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]]s and [[Bhil]] women. |language=en}}</ref> [[File:A Coolie Chieftain.jpg|thumb|A [[portrait]] of a [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[Tribal chief|chieftain]] of [[Dahewan]] by [[James Forrestal|James Forbes]], 1813]] == Ethnic identity and Clan organization == In contrast to strict caste hierarchies, Koli clans (known as '''kuls''' or '''gotras''' in the local context) are fluid kinship groups by common ancestry, profession, or military affiliation. These clans usually carry surnames or titles indicative of past status, regional leadership, or occupation. Several Koli clans have preserved oral histories tracing back to warrior commanders, sea captains, fort commandants, or local rulers. Clan affiliation is significant in marriage, ceremonies, and geographical connection. == Titles (Upadhi) == === Koli Khedut === The '''Khedut''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1457&dq=Khedut+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiLz8zJhMeHAxUNk1YBHeHkFvAQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-0-19-563357-3 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=1457 |language=en}}</ref> or '''Khedoot''' is a [[Title|term]] or [[Indian honorifics|title]] used for the [[Koli caste|Koli]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Silverberg |first=James |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Peasant_Behavior_and_Its_Caste_relevancy/bvA0AQAAIAAJ?hl=en |title=Peasant Behavior and Its Caste-relevancy: The Kolis of Kasandra |date=1962 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin]] |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=147 |language=en}}</ref> [[caste]] of [[Gujarat]] who were traditional [[farmer]] and [[Peasant|peasants]] or [[Landlord|landlords]] [[Koli rebellion|Kolis]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chand |first=Faquir |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lS-vD6l8cO8C&pg=PP19&dq=Khedut+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiLz8zJhMeHAxUNk1YBHeHkFvAQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=People of India: Daman and Diu |last2=Sinha |first2=N. K. |date=1992 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7154-762-3 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kumar Suresh |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/People_of_India/1lZuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=People of India: India's communities |date=1998 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-0-19-563354-2 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=1775: They are non-vegetarian and their staple food includes bajra, rice and fish. The Koli have three endogamous divisions based on occupation, namely Macchi Koli, '''Khedut Koli''' and [[Kadia (term)|Kadia Koli]]. |language=en}}</ref> During the [[British Raj]] in [[India]], The Koli Kheduts of [[Nawanagar State|Navanagar State]] were worstly affected by the high rates of interest by [[Loan|moneylenders]] of [[Navanagar]] Riyasat for the loan given by them to Koli Kheduts for agriculture.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gujarat (India) |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Gazetteers_Jamnagar_District/jUZuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Gazetteers: Jamnagar District |date=1970 |publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=264 |language=en}}</ref> The Khedut Kolis was represented and uplifted by their '''Gujarat Koli Khedut Samaj''' organisation till 1967 along with other castes such as [[Rajput|Rajputs]], landowning [[Bhil|Bhils]] and poor [[Patidar|Patidars]] in minor numbers but in 1969 [[Indira Gandhi]] of [[Indian National Congress]] party Introduced the [[KHAM theory]] as vaste politics for [[Koli Patel|Koli]], [[Dalit|Harijan]], [[Adivasi]] and [[Muslims]] with a [[Koli rebellion against Maratha empire|Koli]] leader [[Madhav Singh Solanki|Madhavsinh Solanki]] and mobilized the [[Other Backward Class]] Kolis to form the [[Government of Gujarat|government in Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kumar |first=Pramod |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Polluting_Sacred_Faith/v4raAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Polluting Sacred Faith: A Study on Communalism and Violence |date=1992 |publisher=Ajanta Publications |isbn=978-81-202-0370-9 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=158 |language=en}}</ref> The meaning of the Khedut is peasant of farmer which is called as Kisaan in [[hindi]] [[Languages of India|language]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bayly |first=Susan |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=HbAjKR_iHogC&pg=PA385&dq=Khedut+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiLz8zJhMeHAxUNk1YBHeHkFvAQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age |date=2001-02-22 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-79842-6 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=385 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Feeding_the_Baniya/8EsfAQAAIAAJ?hl=en |title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India |date=1996 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-563956-8 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=XV |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Darbar === The '''Darbar''', '''Durbar''' or '''Darbar Sahib''' is a [[honorific]] [[title]] of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref name=":0"/> During the reign of [[Maratha Empire]] and [[British Raj|British Indian Empire]], Koli Darbars were petty rulers of several villages and jagirs and known as '''Pallavi Darbar Sahib''' and '''[[Thakor|Koli Thakor]]''' for their landholdings.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Raymond Brady |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rs5JDwAAQBAJ&q=Palavi+Darbars+Koli |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=In north Gujarat certain Kolis are located and are classed as '''Palavi Darbars''' in social usage and '''Koli Thakors''' in official records. they were chieftains of one or more villages in the Maratha and British regimes. The [[Chunvalia Koli]]s have twenty-one sub-divisions |language=en}}</ref> The Kolis who were enjoying the power called '''Koli Darbar''' often use ''Sang'', ''Singh'' and ''Sinh'' as their middle name.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1995 |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=139:[[Koli people|Koli]]s enjoying power were called '''Koli Darbar'''. Generally the name of a member of this stratum ends with the suffix sang, [[singh]], or sinh (literally, lion) as for instance, Takhesang, Jashvantsingh, and Fulsinh |language=en}}</ref> according to the [[Harald Tambs-Lyche]], the Kolis who respected as '''Darbar Sahib''' were not agriculturist like other Khedut Kolis (Farmer Kolis) of Gujarat and generally follow the [[Kshatriya]] ways of Koli society.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tambs-Lyche |first=Harald |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ntuAAAAMAAJ |title=Power, Profit, and Poetry: Traditional Society in Kathiawar, Western India |date=1996-12-31 |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-7304-176-1 |location=[[New Delhi]], India, Asia |pages=132 |language=en}}</ref> The Koli Darbars of north [[Gujarat]] made several vast gathering under their '''''Koli society organisations''''' to uplift their society and educational interests.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url= |title=Mobility among Koli kshatriyas |date=1989 |publisher=Hindustan Publication Corporation |year=1989 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=184:The Koli Darbars of north Gujarat have begun their own conventions for bringing about social reform, educational uplift, and economic well-being in their own circles. One such meeting was held at Bahucharaji on |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Maratha === The '''Maratha Koli'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA561&dq=Maratha+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjwmcf--fWGAxUYdmwGHebVBVY4WhDoAXoECAoQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-0-19-563357-3 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] in [[Maharashtra]] who fought for [[Maratha Empire|Maratha Confederacy]] during the [[Maratha dynasty|Maratha ruler]] [[Shivaji]] and for their bravery, Shivaji recognised them as [[Maratha Koli|Maratha]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sadasivan |first=S. N. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Be3PCvzf-BYC&pg=PA245&dq=Sultan+Kolis&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjujrGP6euCAxUhSGwGHRntC784KBDoAXoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=A Social History of India |date=2000 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7648-170-0 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=245: Sivaji was given unstinted support for his military operations by the swordsmen belonging to the Hill [[Koli people|Koli]]s of [[Bavan Maval|Mawal]] who were made later on Marathas by him. The Brahmins did not protest at this upgradation because in spite of their conversion, the Hill Kolis remained as Sudras within the Sudras. |language=en}}</ref> according to the '''[[Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency|District Gazetteer of Thane]]''' from 1882, The elite or respectable Koli families were called as Maratha Koli in Maharashtra.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hansen |first=Thomas Blom |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Bf5ZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA31&dq=Maratha+Kolis&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjPidrP_PWGAxX0SmwGHdpHCdU4ChDoAXoECAgQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Wages of Violence: Naming and Identity in Postcolonial Bombay |date=2018-06-05 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn=978-0-691-18862-1 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=31 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hansen |first=Thomas Blom |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=iRAj9NnMdYgC&pg=PA31&dq=Maratha+Kolis&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjPidrP_PWGAxX0SmwGHdpHCdU4ChDoAXoECAQQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Violence in Urban India: Identity Politics, 'Mumbai', and the Postcolonial City |date=2005 |publisher=[[Permanent Black]] |isbn=978-81-7824-120-3 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Bandkari === The '''Bandkari''', or '''Bundkari''' is a [[title]] conferred to the [[Koli caste|Koli]] chief of [[Dacoity|dacoits]] or [[Revolution|revolutionaries]] of [[Maharashtra]] till 1960.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=96 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Krishan |first=Shri |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7sOGAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA146&dq=Bandkaris+Kolis&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwioqvqnwfT2AhW7RmwGHatMCqwQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=Bandkaris%20Kolis&f=false |title=Political Mobilization and Identity in Western India, 1934-47 |date=2005-04-07 |publisher=SAGE Publications India |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-321-0208-3 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=146 |language=en}}</ref> if a person pleasure the Koli heros call them as '''Bandkari''' but when want to degrade calls them '''Daku'''.{{sfn|Hardiman|2007|p=140}} ==== Origin ==== The meaning of Bandkari is revolutionary or leader of [[Koli rebellion|revolt]]. The ''Band'', or ''Bund'' means revolt (rebellion) and ''Kari'' means leader or a person of position.{{sfn|Hardiman|2007|p=102}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=8EsfAQAAIAAJ |title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India |last2=Hardiman |first2=Professor of History David |date=1996 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-19-563956-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=Xiii |language=en}}</ref> According to a [[19th century]] [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-[[English language|English]] [[dictionary]], Band meant either [[Rebellion|insurrection]], [[sedition]], or an [[Insurgency|insurgent]], a rebel. A 'Bandkhorvala' or 'Bandkari' was a [[Rebellion|rebellious]] person. Until the 19th century, the title appears to have been associated exclusively with revolts against the [[Princely state|state]] or other ruling powers. Revolts by Mahadev Kolis were all described as Bands. [[List of districts of Maharashtra|Regions]] which were outside the control of the [[Maratha Koli|Maratha]] [[Maratha Empire|state]] were known as 'Bandi Mulk'. During the course of the nineteenth century, the title evolved, being associated increasingly with the activities of [[Peasant|peasants]] rebelling against social oppression. Today, the people of the mountain regions describe the Koli outlaws as Bandkaris. This is not a word that appears in the nineteenth-century records. The title is applied now not so much to a rebel against the state, but to a person who has put himself outside the law to fight the social oppressors of his caste. He thus enjoys the support of the caste as a whole. In this, the Bandkari is distinguished today from the [[Daku]], or dacoit, who is seen as being involved in illegal activities primarily for his own gain, and who does not enjoy popular support. In English. we may say that the contrast, as it now exists, is between the social bandit, as defined by [[Eric Hobsbawm]], and the mere 'robber' or 'thief who belongs to a professional underworld. When outsiders wish to denigrate the heroes of the Kolis, they call them Dakus. In this section of the essay, I shall examine the tradition of the Band in the pre colonial and early colonial periods, seeing how it had begun to change by 1830, and then go on in the following section to see how this tradition fed into the revolt of Raghu Bhangare.{{sfn|Hardiman|2007|p=102}} ==== Diffrence between Bandkari and Dacoit ==== The Bandkari is thus different from the dacoits of the professional underworld. Intrinsic to the varying significance is a complex interplay of power, benefit and dissent with agenda and alliances of convenience. * Dacoits looted the people for their livelihood but a Bandkari looted only rich or bad people. * Dacoits collected the looted goods for self but a Bandkari distribute the looted goods in needed or poor people. * Dacoits generally attacked the people but a Bandkari plundered the rich or high profile person in response to punish him. === Koli Dharala === The '''Dharala''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yājñika |first=Acyuta |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=wmKIiAPgnF0C&pg=PA304&dq=Dharala+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi8lcvTn_j2AhU53jgGHY33CksQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=Dharala%20Koli&f=false |title=The Shaping of Modern Gujarat: Plurality, Hindutva, and Beyond |last2=Sheth |first2=Suchitra |date=2005 |publisher=[[Penguin Books India]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-14-400038-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=304 |language=en}}</ref> or '''Dhurala''' is a [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|title]] used by [[List of Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] of [[Gujarat]], [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|Dadar and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]] who were professional soldiers and were experts in sword fighting.<ref name=":0"/> during the [[British Raj]] in India, the 80% of the total population of of Kolis in [[Kheda district]] were Dharala.<ref name=":0" /> the Koli Dharalas plundered the [[British Raj|British]] trading ships because they were turbulent and considered as bad tribe.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drew |first=John |date=2021-12-06 |title=The Christmas the Kolis took to cricket |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/views/in-focus/news/the-christmas-the-kolis-took-cricket-2910376 |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> the Koli Dharalas also served in [[British Indian Army]] as trackers and village guard and were occasionally used as soldiers in wartime by British government in return of sum.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=Jyotindra |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=nuPWAAAAMAAJ |title=Folk Art and Culture of Gujarat: Guide to the Collection of the Shreyas Folk Museum of Gujarat |last2=Gujarat |first2=Shreyas Folk Museum of |date=1980 |publisher=Shreyas Prakashan |year=1980 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=133 |language=en}}</ref> The most of the Koli Dharalas were from [[Patanvadia Koli|Patanvadia]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tambs-Lyche |first=Harald |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5ntuAAAAMAAJ |title=Power, Profit, and Poetry: Traditional Society in Kathiawar, Western India |date=1996-12-31 |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-7304-176-1 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=130: a significant number of Patanvadia Kolis were Dharala in kaira district |language=en}}</ref> [[Talapada Koli|Talapada]] subcaste of Kolis eho were prosperous and respected in society and ruled over petty [[Princely State]]s during British regime.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Saṅghavī |first=Nagīnadāsa Purushottamadāsa |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=zDRwAAAAMAAJ |title=Gujarat: A Political Analysis |date=1995 |publisher=[[Centre for Social Studies]] |year=1995 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=71:Dharala Koli who were of Talapada subcaste of Koli caste - s are the most prosperous group amongst the community and enjoy the highest status within the community because a few of them were petty princes during the British regime . A group of castes ( 25 % ) of Hindus ... |language=en}}</ref> ==== Dharala Vero ==== The Dharala Vero was a type of tax collected by Kolis of Gujarat to allowed the other caste people to live in their villages.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Clark |first=Alice Whitcomb |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=dzNtAAAAMAAJ |title=Central Gujarat in the Nineteenth Century: The Integration of an Agrarian System |date=1979 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin--Madison]] |year=1979 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=72 |language=en}}</ref> in 1920, the [[Mahatma Gandhi|Mahatma]] [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhi]] tried to reform the Koli Dharalas to get ride of Anti social activities such as gang Robberies and tax collection from other caste people.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lzWFAAAAIAAJ |title=Peasant Nationalists of Gujarat: Kheda District, 1917-1934 |date=1981 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1981 |isbn=978-0-19-561255-4 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=174 |language=en}}</ref> ==== Origin or meaning ==== The title of Dharala is taken from the '''Dhar''' (Sharpness) of a sword's edge. Dharala means experts of sword fighting.{{sfn|Chaturvedi|2007|p=30}} ==== Clans ==== The most of the Koli Dharalas were belong to the [[Baria Koli|Baria]] clan of Kolis.{{sfn|Clark|1979|p=138}} === Koli Deshmukh === The '''Deshmukh''' is a [[Indian honorifics|title]] used by the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] of [[Maharashtra]]. The ruling royal [[List of Koli people|Koli]] of [[Surgana State]] held the title of Deshmukh respectively.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lethbridge |first=Sir Roper |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7iOsNUZ2MXgC&pg=PA521&lpg=PA521&dq=Deshmukh+Koli&source=bl&ots=Zl3ggwjgwV&sig=ACfU3U0apb8D2PDM5dwv6U8EUCrDKfIRXw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjyrI7KuvD2AhXrTGwGHSh6AQw4PBDoAXoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=Deshmukh%20Koli&f=false |title=The Golden Book of India: A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and Other Personages, Titled Or Decorated of the Indian Empire |date=2005 |publisher=Aakar Books |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-87879-54-1 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=521 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Waghmare |first=Abhishek |date=2018-04-14 |title=Why Maharashtra farmers walked 170 km and how their strike played out |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/how-the-maharashtra-farmers-strike-played-out-and-why-they-walked-170-km-118041100370_1.html |access-date=2022-03-31}}</ref> the title Deshmukh mostly used by Mahadev Kolis who ruled over several [[Princely state|Princely States]] before [[Indian independence movement|Independence of India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=103 |language=en}}</ref> most of the influenced Koli families conferred the titles of Deshmukh, [[Patwari|Patvari]] and [[Patel]] by ruler of their territories.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Provinces (India) |first=Central |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4ScmAQAAIAAJ |title=Akola |date=1910 |publisher=Printed at the [[Pioneer Press]] |year=1910 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=116: Kshatriya Kolis are those who belong to deshmukh , patel , or patwāri families , while the rāja , royal , subdivision includes the Rāja of Jawhār in Bombay Presidency. |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Patil === The '''Patil'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kumar Suresh |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4bfmnmsBfQ4C&pg=PA1884&dq=Patil+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv9IuN_fr5AhXpFLcAHcoPBW4Q6AF6BAgJEAE#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Maharashtra |last2=Bhanu |first2=B. V. |last3=India |first3=Anthropological Survey of |date=2004 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=2004 |isbn=978-81-7991-102-0 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=1884 |language=en}}</ref> also known as '''Gaonpatil''' and '''Sarpatil'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Punekar |first=Vinaja B. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=VOU9AAAAIAAJ |title=The Son Kolis of Bombay |date=1959 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1959 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=301 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[Indian honorifics|title]] used by [[Koli people|Koli]] chiefs of villages in [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=132 - 133: A Koli Patil of his own village of Devgaon let him, Bhau Dungar and Khundu Sable hide out in a cattle shed which he kept in the mountains of Baglan, on the border with Khandesh. In September , after the monsoon was over, Raghu ... |language=en}}</ref> the [[Janjira State|Janjira]] island was built and fortified by Koli chieftain [[Ram Patil]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ali |first=Shanti Sadiq |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-3CPc22nMqIC&pg=PA158&dq=Patil+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv9IuN_fr5AhXpFLcAHcoPBW4Q6AF6BAgBEAE#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times |date=1996 |publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]] |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=158 |language=en}}</ref> Koli Patils sometimes called as '''Gaonpatil''' which means 'village head' and it is found among both [[Hindus|Hindu]] and [[Koli Christians|Christian Kolis]]. Patil is hereditary title to the Koli families of Maharashtra.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Kalpana |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=6RJWYfvHBCQC&pg=PA43&dq=Patil+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv9IuN_fr5AhXpFLcAHcoPBW4Q6AF6BAgFEAE#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Rediscovering Dharavi: Stories from Asia's Largest Slum |date=2000 |publisher=[[Penguin Books India]] |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-14-100023-7 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=43 |language=en}}</ref> In Koli society, there were several types of Patil<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Frederick Bruce |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=S9dmbS_n9UEC |title=Adaptation to Colonial Rule by the "wild Tribes" of the Bombay Deccan, 1818-1880: From Political Competition to Social Banditry |date=1978 |publisher=[[University of Minnesota]] |year=1978 |location=New Delhi, India |language=en}}</ref> * Police Patil: Police Patil was a service position in Kolis during [[British Raj]] and [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] rule. Kolis who were serving as in-charge of police knowns as Police Patil.{{sfn|Sharma|1978|pp=148}} * Zemidar Patil: the Kolis who were village headman or landlord were known as [[Zamindar|Zemidar]] Patil. They recieved the grants of villages from rulers for their services in [[Princely state|Princely states]], kingdoms and [[Deccan sultanates|Sultanates]].{{sfn|Sharma|1978|pp=149}} * Samajik Patil: the Koli people who were responsible to maintain order in Koli society and promote their problems were called as Samajik Patil.{{sfn|Sharma|1978|pp=317}} Kolis of Maharashtra served in Maratha Empire and a Koli Patil who was naval chief in [[Maratha Navy]] named [[Laya Sarpatil|Laya]] was honoured by [[Shivaji]] with the title of [[Patil (surname)|Sarpatil]] and grants of villages for his courageous actions and [[Siddi|Siddis]] of [[Murud-Janjira|Janjira]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khandpekar |first=Neeta M |date=September 2018 |title=India's Maritime History: Sea-faring groups and Maritime Icons |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327829489_India%27s_Maritime_History_Sea-faring_groups_and_Maritime_Icons |journal=Reasearchgate |via=[[University of Mumbai]]}}</ref> === Koli Patel === The '''Patel'''<ref name=":0"/> is a [[Surname]] of the [[Koli people|Koli]] caste of [[Gujarat]] in [[India]] which have most importance in the [[Politics of Gujarat]] and Koli Patels of [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] was most benefited under the rule of [[Indian National Congress]] party.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhatt|first=Himansshu|last2=Nov 23|first2=Melvyn Thomas / TNN /|last3=2012|last4=Ist|first4=23:07|title=Koli Patels have their say in south Gujarat {{!}} Surat News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/koli-patels-have-their-say-in-south-gujarat/articleshow/17341369.cms|access-date=2021-09-07|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Desai|first=Akshayakumar Ramanlal|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Ubk4qXLI9AQC&dq=Koli+Patel&source=gbs_navlinks_s|title=State and Repressive Culture: A Case Study of Gujarat|last2=D'Costa|first2=Wilfred|date=1994|publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=1994|isbn=978-81-7154-702-9|location=New Delhi, India|pages=12|language=en}}</ref> Koli Patels are recognised as a [[Other Backward Class]] caste by [[Government of Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Baviskar|first=B. S.|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PLmGAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA417&lpg=PA417&dq=Koli+Patel&source=bl&ots=gSFhy7ghbp&sig=ACfU3U2eWW_dBloSAmqsXEBEXk7VNrIUrw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjgqoHT6OzyAhUY7XMBHfeWCDw4RhDoAXoECBwQAg#v=onepage&q=Koli%20Patel&f=false|title=Inclusion and Exclusion in Local Governance: Field Studies from Rural India|last2=Mathew|first2=George|date=2009-01-14|publisher=SAGE Publications India|year=2009|isbn=978-81-321-0089-8|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=416 - 17|language=en}}</ref> Koli Patels are [[Agriculturist]] by profession and own the high [[Landed property|landholding]] in villages.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Baumgartner|first=Ruedi|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ndRjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT227&lpg=PT227&dq=Koli+Patel&source=bl&ots=AIoJM0CJUd&sig=ACfU3U2AzB9PuamsiigdVW5B0TINaf8nbA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi30IyZ6uzyAhVnILcAHUFtCmg4WhDoAXoECBYQAg#v=onepage&q=Koli%20Patel&f=false|title=In Search of Sustainable Livelihood Systems: Managing Resources and Change|last2=Hogger|first2=Ruedi|date=2004-08-10|publisher=SAGE Publishing India|isbn=978-93-5280-266-1|language=en}}</ref> Koli Patels also call himself as [[Mandhatri|Mandhata]] [[Patel]] and Mandhata Koli Patel and those who have migrated to [[East Africa]] are Businessman and civil servants.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hahlo|first=Ken|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=UKybDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT113&lpg=PT113&dq=Koli+Patels&source=bl&ots=TvX012f7xa&sig=ACfU3U3w8Ld3LIzem2UWQ6WMrYFtnDdoCg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwirkKul8OzyAhUs4nMBHR9mAJE4RhDoAXoECBYQAg#v=onepage&q=Koli%20Patels&f=false|title=Communities, Networks and Ethnic Politics|date=2018-08-10|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2018|isbn=978-0-429-86435-3|location=India|language=en}}</ref> ==== Clans ==== Some of the well known Clans of Koli Patels are here.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Perez|first=Rosa Maria|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=GDRWAglUumEC&dq=Koli+Patel&source=gbs_navlinks_s|title=Kings and Untouchables: A Study of the Caste System in Western India|date=2004|publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]]|year=2004|isbn=978-81-8028-014-6|location=New Delhi, India|pages=71|language=en}}</ref> * [[Chauhan clan|Chauhan]] * [[Makwana]] * [[Rathore|Rathod]] === Koli Kotwal === Among members of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]], Kotwal is a title, derived from the occupation of fort-keepers or protectors of forts and village leader.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Somanaboina |first1=Simhadri |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H5tIEAAAQBAJ&dq=Kotwal+Koli&pg=PT443 |title=The Routledge Handbook of the Other Backward Classes in India: Thought, Movements and Development |last2=Ramagoud |first2=Akhileshwari |date=2021-11-15 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |year=2021 |isbn=978-1-000-46280-7 |location=New Delhi, India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=B. S. S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PuydzvIol0gC&pg=PA161&dq=Kotwal+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjv0dX64aL7AhVMSmwGHS-aCnc4FBDoAXoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Television for Rural Development |date=1992 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |year=1992 |isbn=978-81-7022-377-1 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=161 |language=en}}</ref> Even when a Koli man retired as a kotwal, he and his descendants would use "Kotwal" as a surname as it signified prestige.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zePZAAAAMAAJ |title=Exploring India's Rural Past: A Gujarat Village in the Early Nineteenth Century |date=2002 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-19-565732-6 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=82–91 |language=en}}</ref> Kolis were Kotwal from the times of Mughal rule in Gujarat<ref>{{Cite book |last=Khān |first=ʻAlī Muḥammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P-ZjAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Mirat-i-Ahmadi: A Persian History of Gujarat |date=1965 |publisher=[[Oriental Institute]] |year=1965 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=831 |language=en}}</ref> and were hereditary Kotwal of the royal palaces of [[Rajkot State|Rajkot]], [[Morvi State|Morvi]] and [[Bhavnagar State|Bhavnagar]] [[Princely state|Princely states]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4_htAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Vanyajāti |date=1989 |publisher=Bharatiya Adimjati Sevak Sangh. |year=1989 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=26 |language=en}}</ref> Kolis of Maharashtra also served as Kotwal in [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]] and controlled the forts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shyam |first=Radhey |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5C4hBqKdkEsC&pg=PA376&dq=Kotwal+Kolis&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiEvY3D6KL7AhVhUWwGHTCICOQ4HhDoAXoECAsQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The Kingdom of Ahmadnagar |date=1966 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publications |year=1966 |isbn=978-81-208-2651-9 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=376 |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Girasia === The '''Girasia''', or '''Garasia''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Clark |first=Alice Whitcomb |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dzNtAAAAMAAJ |title=Central Gujarat in the Nineteenth Century: The Integration of an Agrarian System |date=1979 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin--Madison]] |year=1979 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=55: Koli garasias would often " hire a land from the manager of a village , trusting to the timidity of the other villagers , declare that it was O 1,57 famiiy , bapita , land |language=en}}</ref> '''Girasiya''' and '''Garasiya''' is a [[Indian honorifics|title]] used by the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Tribal chief|chieftains]] of petty [[Princely state|states]] or [[Jagir|Jagirdars]] who held the villages as ''Giras'' granted by rulers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bayly |first=Susan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HbAjKR_iHogC&dq=Girasia+Koli&pg=PA84 |title=Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age |date=2001-02-22 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-521-79842-6 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=84 |language=en}}</ref> the most of the [[Chunvalia Koli]]s held the title of Girasia and they worshipped the [[Hindus|Hindu]] goddess [[Shakti]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Enthoven |first=Reginald Edward |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eRkuXFD93zsC&dq=Girasia+Koli&pg=PA5 |title=Folk Lore Notes: Folklore of Gujurat |date=1989 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |year=1989 |isbn=978-81-206-0485-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=5 |language=en}}</ref> The Koli Garasiya were [[tributary]] to the ruler of state who gave the Giras.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hardiman |first1=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EsfAQAAIAAJ |title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India |last2=Hardiman |first2=Professor of History David |date=1996 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-19-563956-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=178 |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Pagi === The '''Pagi''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=EjORKo7maRUC&pg=PA168&dq=Pagi+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiFyJyhx_T2AhWzxzgGHeQBDtE4ChDoAXoECAgQAw#v=onepage&q=Pagi%20Koli&f=false |title=The Structure of Indian Society: Then and Now |date=2012-12-06 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-136-19770-3 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=168 |language=en}}</ref> or '''Pugee''' and '''Paghi'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Franco |first=Fernando |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=eioqAAAAYAAJ |title=The Silken Swing: The Cultural Universe of Dalit Women |last2=Macwan |first2=Jyotsna |last3=Ramanathan |first3=Suguna |date=2000 |publisher=Sangam Books Limited |year=2000 |isbn=978-81-85604-41-1 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=21 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|title]] used by [[List of Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] of [[Gujarat]] who were guard of village and served as detective for any [[List of Koli states and clans|ruler]] or chiefs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Silverberg |first=James |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bvA0AQAAIAAJ |title=Peasant Behavior and Its Caste-relevancy: The Kolis of Kasandra |date=1962 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin]] |year=1962 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=32 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Chunvalia Koli|Chunvalia]] Kolis adopted the profession of Pagi in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Shibani |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |year=1983 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=151: The Kolis also render their services to the entire village . Only Chuania (Chunvalia) Kolis adopt this traditional occupation of ' Pagi ' or village guard . |language=en}}</ref> a number of [[Talpada Koli|Talapada]] Kolis also served as Pagi and held the title as hereditary to family.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1995 |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=163 |language=en}}</ref> the title of Pagi also considered as inferior to [[Kotwal]] title of Kolis because some of Pagis worked as watchman so they was degraded in position.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=Jyotindra |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=nuPWAAAAMAAJ |title=Folk Art and Culture of Gujarat: Guide to the Collection of the Shreyas Folk Museum of Gujarat |last2=Gujarat |first2=Shreyas Folk Museum of |date=1980 |publisher=Shreyas Prakashan |year=1980 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=133 |language=en}}</ref> ==== Clans ==== The Talapada Kolis who served as Pagi adopted the [[Solanki (clan)|Solanki]] [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] in Radhvanaj of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=U8s0aBdDxEQC&pg=PA127&dq=Pagi+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjhvISfzPT2AhUpzDgGHfz-A284MhDoAXoECAcQAw#v=onepage&q=Pagi%20Koli&f=false |title=The Family in India: Critical Essays |date=1998 |publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]] |year=1998 |isbn=978-81-250-1306-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=127 |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Agariya === The '''Agariya''', or '''Agaria''' is a [[Indian honorifics|title]] of [[Chunvalia Koli|Chunvalia]] [[Koli people|Kolis]] who are [[Salt evaporation pond|salt farmers]] in [[Kutch district|Kutch]] [[List of districts of Gujarat|district]] of [[Gujarat]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chandra |first=Kavita Kanan |date=2017-02-24 |title=The salt farmers of wild ass country |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/the-salt-farmers-of-wild-ass-country/article17361838.ece |access-date=2022-07-23 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> in 2019, Koli Agariyas faces the great loss of salt trade because of the [[China–United States trade war|Trade war between China and United States of America]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gujarat Salt Industry Hit By US-China Trade War |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/special/gujarat-salt-industry-hit-by-uschina-trade-war/56519/1 |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref> They produce the 30% of the salt of the total of country.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Schooneveld |first=Inge van |date=2018-02-15 |title=The salt farmers of Little Ran of Kutch |url=https://sinchi-foundation.com/news/salt-little-ran-kutch/ |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Sinchi Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref> they were listed as [[Denotified Tribes|Criminal Tribe]] under [[Criminal Tribes Act]] of 1871 by [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British Indian government]] because of their [[Koli rebellions|rebellions]] against [[British Raj|British]] rule in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-10 |title=Education in the Desert: Field Notes from the Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat - Bhavna Harchandani |url=https://doingsociology.org/2022/04/10/education-in-the-desert-field-notes-from-the-little-rann-of-kutch-gujarat-bhavna-harchandani/ |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Doing Sociology |language=en-US}}</ref> The Koli Agariyas were [[Land tenure|landowners]] of the land of [[Little Rann of Kutch]] but in 1978 this area was declared as [[Indian Wild Ass Sanctuary|Wild Ass Sanctuary]] by [[Government of Gujarat]] and their lands were captured by Gujarat government.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Deepak |first=Sharanya |title=Will election change fate of the Agariyas of Gujarat? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2017/12/9/will-election-change-fate-of-the-agariyas-of-gujarat |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Koli Agariyas demanding recognition as farmers and an assurance that they have a legal right on [[Little Rann of Kutch]] land for salt farming to get the benifit like agriculture farmers such as money package and releif for natural calamities like flood.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Research sweetens deal for saltpan workers - Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/research-sweetens-deal-for-saltpan-workers/822350/2 |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref> ==== Clans ==== Here are some of the clans used by Agariya title holder Kolis of Kutch, * [[Jhala (clan)|Jhala]] * [[Makwana (clan)|Makwana]] * [[Jadav]] * [[Chudasama]] * [[Chauhan]] * [[Parmar]] * Rangpara * Munjapara * [[Zinzuwada|Jhinjhuvadia]] * [[Katosan State|Katosana]] ==== Classification ==== The Koli Agarias are classified as [[Other Backward Class]] by [[Government of Gujarat]] but in past they were notified as [[Denotified Tribes|Criminal Tribe]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |last3= |last4= |last5= |last6=Apps |first6= |title=Lok Sabha polls: Post-Rahul Gandhi visit, Congress all set to hand over salt-pan workers to BJP on platter |url=https://www.counterview.net/2014/03/lok-sabha-polls-post-rahul-gandhi-visit.html |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Counterview}}</ref> ==== Organisations ==== * Agariya Hitrakshak Manch<ref name=":0" /> === Koli Behera === The '''Behera''' or '''Dal Behera''' is a title of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[Koli rebellion|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Odisha]]. [[Koli Patel|Kolis]] of Odisha who were chief of villages used the '''Behera''' as a title.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ghosh |first1=G. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1xbRLoG5MAkC&dq=koli+behera&pg=PA156 |title=Indian Textiles: Past and Present |last2=Ghosh |first2=Shukla |date=1995 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7024-706-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Ghosh|first=G. K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UjpuAAAAMAAJ|title=Orissa: The Dazzle from Within (art, Craft and Culture of Orissa)|publisher=Ashish Publications|year=1993|isbn=978-81-7024-593-3|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=197: Behera is the hereditary title of Koli headman and the Behera of Koli village can be only Koli|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Thurston|first=Edgar|title=Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Kōli - Wikisource, the free online library|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Castes_and_Tribes_of_Southern_India/K%C5%8Dli|access-date=2022-02-07|website=en.wikisource.org|language=en}}</ref> === Koli Rana === The [[Koli people|Kolis]] of India used the [[Indian honorifics|title]] of '''Rana''' and ruled over [[Princely state|Princely State]] of [[Shevdivadar]]<ref>{{Cite book|author-link=Roper Lethbridge |last=Lethbridge |first=Roper |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7iOsNUZ2MXgC&dq=Rana+Koli&pg=PA501 |title=The Golden Book of India: A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and Other Personages, Titled Or Decorated of the Indian Empire |publisher=Aakar Books |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-87879-54-1 |location=[[New Delhi]], India, Asia |pages=501: [[Shevdivadar]], The Rána is a [[Koli people|Koli]] (aboriginal) Chief, ruling over a territory of 1 square mile, with a population of 246, chiefly [[Hindus]]. Residence - Shevdivadar, [[Kathiawar]], [[Bombay]] |language=en}}</ref> and [[Sinhagad]] [[Forts in India|fort]] was ruled by [[List of Koli people|Koli]] Rana [[Nag Nayak of Sinhagad|Nag Nayak]] who challenged the [[Delhi Sultanate|Delhi sultanate]]'s [[Sultan]] [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kale |first=Rohit Pralhadrao |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k8hcDwAAQBAJ&dq=nag+Nayak+Koli&pg=PT58 |title=Rajwata: Aavishkar Gad Killayacha |date=2018-05-24 |publisher=FSP Media Publications |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=Sinhagad was captured from the Koli tribal chieftain, Nag Naik, by Muhammad bin Tughlaq in 1328 AD. Shahaji Bhosale, as the commander of Ibrahim Adil Shah I, was entrusted with the control of the Pune region. His son Shivaji, however |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mehta |first=Jaswant Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=82puAAAAMAAJ |title=Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India: 1000-1526 A.D |date=1986 |publisher=[[Sterling Publishers]] |isbn=978-81-207-0573-9 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=197: Sultan was told that Nag Nayak, Rana of Kondhana (Sinhgad, near Poona ) did not pay tribute of Delhi . ' On his orders, the fortress was besieged by a contingent of the royal army ; it was defended gallantly by |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Mansabdar === The '''Mansabdar''', or '''Mansubdar''' is a Military [[Indian honorifics|title]] used by the [[List of Koli people|Kolis]] of [[Maharashtra]] during the reign of [[Maratha Empire]], [[Mughal Empire]] and [[Deccan Sultanates]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Frederick Bruce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9dmbS_n9UEC |title=Adaptation to Colonial Rule by the "wild Tribes" of the Bombay Deccan, 1818-1880: From Political Competition to Social Banditry |publisher=[[University of Minnesota]] |year=1978 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=283: Once in the Rajur jail of [[Maratha Empire]], the prisoner was confined under the guard of Javji Naik Mansabdar's men. Javji Naik Bambale , the Koli Mansabdar of the Naikwari Police , was the son of Devji Naik by his wife |language=en}}</ref> the Koli chiefs of Maharashtra held the good position of [[Sardar]] and '''Mansabdar''' in [[Bahamani Sultanate]] and [[Ahmednagar Sultanate]]'s military.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hassan |first=Syed Siraj ul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lYSd-3yL9h0C&dq=Mansabdar+Koli&pg=PA332 |title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |year=1989 |isbn=978-81-206-0488-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=332 |language=en}}</ref> the most prominent Koli Mansabdar in [[Maratha Empire]] was [[Javji Bamble]] who was Mansabdar of Rajur and was close aide to [[Tukoji Rao Holkar|Tukoji Holkar]] of [[Indore State]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yang |first=Anand A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DroEAQAAIAAJ |title=Crime and Criminality in British India |date=1985 |publisher=Association for Asian Studies |isbn=978-0-8165-0951-5 |pages=174: The best example is the career of a Koli named [[Javji Bamble]] , who was appointed Mansabdar after playing [[Nana Fadnavis]] off against [[Tukoji Holkar]] in the 1770s |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Sardar === The '''Sardar''' is a [[Indian honorifics|title]] used by the [[List of Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] of [[Maharashtra]] during the reign of [[Bahmani Sultanate|Bahamani]] and [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate|Ahmednagar]] [[Deccan sultanates|Sultanates]] conferred by the [[Sultan]]s of Both sultanates to the Koli [[Subedar|fortkeeper]] or Koli protecters of hilly tracts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hassan |first=Syed Siraj ul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lYSd-3yL9h0C&dq=Koli+Sardars&pg=PA332 |title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions |publisher=Asian Educational Services |year=1989 |isbn=978-81-206-0488-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=332: The Koli country was then known as Bávan Mávals, or fifty - two valleys, each under a naik . These naiks held a good position, both in the Bahamani and in the Ahmednagar kingdoms, ranking among the nobles called ' Sardars ' and Mansabsar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Behera |first=Maguni Charan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rVS9DwAAQBAJ&dq=koli+Sardar&pg=PA46 |title=Tribal Studies in India: Perspectives of History, Archaeology and Culture |date=2019-11-09 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-981-329-026-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=[[Bahamani Sultanate|Bahamani]] [[Sultan]]s conferred the title of Sardar to the Koli chiefs who held the charge of hilly tracts |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Heredia |first1=Rudolf C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mYKAAAAAMAAJ |title=Mobile, and Marginalized Peoples: Perspectives from the Past |last2=Ratnagar |first2=Shereen |publisher=Manohar Publications |year=2003 |isbn=978-81-7304-497-7 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=160: Raja Vikramajit, Shahjahan's governor of Gujarat, had to conduct an expedition in 1622 against some Kolis north of Ahmedabad who had ... The Bahmanis conferred the rank of Sardar on Koli chiefs who held charge of hill tracts |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Frederick Bruce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9dmbS_n9UEC |title=Adaptation to Colonial Rule by the "wild Tribes" of the Bombay Deccan, 1818–1880: From Political Competition to Social Banditry |publisher=University of Minnesota |year=1978 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=158–360: The men to be appointed over these jurisdictions were to be selected from among the existing Koli Sardars (men of influence), whom this official characterized both as having " acquired rank and substance |language=en}}</ref> == See more == * [[Koli dance]] == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Koli clan, Koli title}} [[Category:Koli]] asbo45w97hty5ob64kvn8ezvosbn0x4 10367589 10367586 2025-07-02T12:13:56Z 103.240.170.83 10367589 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Koli Clans and Titles''' describe the native socio-political systems, family lineages, and nobiliary titles of the [[Koli ethnic group]], a western Indian ethnic group with strong tradition in seafaring, agriculture, and warfare. These clans are not organized along the [[varna system]] of Hindu caste-based society, but instead show the Kolis' own internal kinship, leadership, and occupation systems. The title and clan system is geographically varied throughout [[Maharashtra]], [[Gujarat]], [[Goa]], where Koli groups have long been settled. [[File:A Coolie Chieftain.jpg|thumb|A [[portrait]] of a [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[Tribal chief|chieftain]] of [[Dahewan]] by [[James Forrestal|James Forbes]], 1813]] == Ethnic identity and Clan organization == In contrast to strict caste hierarchies, Koli clans (known as '''kuls''' or '''gotras''' in the local context) are fluid kinship groups by common ancestry, profession, or military affiliation. These clans usually carry surnames or titles indicative of past status, regional leadership, or occupation. Several Koli clans have preserved oral histories tracing back to warrior commanders, sea captains, fort commandants, or local rulers. Clan affiliation is significant in marriage, ceremonies, and geographical connection. == Titles (Upadhi) == === Koli Khedut === The '''Khedut''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1457&dq=Khedut+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiLz8zJhMeHAxUNk1YBHeHkFvAQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-0-19-563357-3 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=1457 |language=en}}</ref> or '''Khedoot''' is a [[Title|term]] or [[Indian honorifics|title]] used for the [[Koli caste|Koli]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Silverberg |first=James |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Peasant_Behavior_and_Its_Caste_relevancy/bvA0AQAAIAAJ?hl=en |title=Peasant Behavior and Its Caste-relevancy: The Kolis of Kasandra |date=1962 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin]] |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=147 |language=en}}</ref> [[caste]] of [[Gujarat]] who were traditional [[farmer]] and [[Peasant|peasants]] or [[Landlord|landlords]] [[Koli rebellion|Kolis]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chand |first=Faquir |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lS-vD6l8cO8C&pg=PP19&dq=Khedut+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiLz8zJhMeHAxUNk1YBHeHkFvAQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=People of India: Daman and Diu |last2=Sinha |first2=N. K. |date=1992 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7154-762-3 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kumar Suresh |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/People_of_India/1lZuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=People of India: India's communities |date=1998 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-0-19-563354-2 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=1775: They are non-vegetarian and their staple food includes bajra, rice and fish. The Koli have three endogamous divisions based on occupation, namely Macchi Koli, '''Khedut Koli''' and [[Kadia (term)|Kadia Koli]]. |language=en}}</ref> During the [[British Raj]] in [[India]], The Koli Kheduts of [[Nawanagar State|Navanagar State]] were worstly affected by the high rates of interest by [[Loan|moneylenders]] of [[Navanagar]] Riyasat for the loan given by them to Koli Kheduts for agriculture.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gujarat (India) |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Gazetteers_Jamnagar_District/jUZuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Gazetteers: Jamnagar District |date=1970 |publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=264 |language=en}}</ref> The Khedut Kolis was represented and uplifted by their '''Gujarat Koli Khedut Samaj''' organisation till 1967 along with other castes such as [[Rajput|Rajputs]], landowning [[Bhil|Bhils]] and poor [[Patidar|Patidars]] in minor numbers but in 1969 [[Indira Gandhi]] of [[Indian National Congress]] party Introduced the [[KHAM theory]] as vaste politics for [[Koli Patel|Koli]], [[Dalit|Harijan]], [[Adivasi]] and [[Muslims]] with a [[Koli rebellion against Maratha empire|Koli]] leader [[Madhav Singh Solanki|Madhavsinh Solanki]] and mobilized the [[Other Backward Class]] Kolis to form the [[Government of Gujarat|government in Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kumar |first=Pramod |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Polluting_Sacred_Faith/v4raAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Polluting Sacred Faith: A Study on Communalism and Violence |date=1992 |publisher=Ajanta Publications |isbn=978-81-202-0370-9 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=158 |language=en}}</ref> The meaning of the Khedut is peasant of farmer which is called as Kisaan in [[hindi]] [[Languages of India|language]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bayly |first=Susan |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=HbAjKR_iHogC&pg=PA385&dq=Khedut+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiLz8zJhMeHAxUNk1YBHeHkFvAQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age |date=2001-02-22 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-79842-6 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=385 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Feeding_the_Baniya/8EsfAQAAIAAJ?hl=en |title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India |date=1996 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-563956-8 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=XV |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Darbar === The '''Darbar''', '''Durbar''' or '''Darbar Sahib''' is a [[honorific]] [[title]] of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref name=":0"/> During the reign of [[Maratha Empire]] and [[British Raj|British Indian Empire]], Koli Darbars were petty rulers of several villages and jagirs and known as '''Pallavi Darbar Sahib''' and '''[[Thakor|Koli Thakor]]''' for their landholdings.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Raymond Brady |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rs5JDwAAQBAJ&q=Palavi+Darbars+Koli |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=In north Gujarat certain Kolis are located and are classed as '''Palavi Darbars''' in social usage and '''Koli Thakors''' in official records. they were chieftains of one or more villages in the Maratha and British regimes. The [[Chunvalia Koli]]s have twenty-one sub-divisions |language=en}}</ref> The Kolis who were enjoying the power called '''Koli Darbar''' often use ''Sang'', ''Singh'' and ''Sinh'' as their middle name.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1995 |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=139:[[Koli people|Koli]]s enjoying power were called '''Koli Darbar'''. Generally the name of a member of this stratum ends with the suffix sang, [[singh]], or sinh (literally, lion) as for instance, Takhesang, Jashvantsingh, and Fulsinh |language=en}}</ref> according to the [[Harald Tambs-Lyche]], the Kolis who respected as '''Darbar Sahib''' were not agriculturist like other Khedut Kolis (Farmer Kolis) of Gujarat and generally follow the [[Kshatriya]] ways of Koli society.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tambs-Lyche |first=Harald |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ntuAAAAMAAJ |title=Power, Profit, and Poetry: Traditional Society in Kathiawar, Western India |date=1996-12-31 |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-7304-176-1 |location=[[New Delhi]], India, Asia |pages=132 |language=en}}</ref> The Koli Darbars of north [[Gujarat]] made several vast gathering under their '''''Koli society organisations''''' to uplift their society and educational interests.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url= |title=Mobility among Koli kshatriyas |date=1989 |publisher=Hindustan Publication Corporation |year=1989 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=184:The Koli Darbars of north Gujarat have begun their own conventions for bringing about social reform, educational uplift, and economic well-being in their own circles. One such meeting was held at Bahucharaji on |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Maratha === The '''Maratha Koli'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA561&dq=Maratha+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjwmcf--fWGAxUYdmwGHebVBVY4WhDoAXoECAoQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-0-19-563357-3 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] in [[Maharashtra]] who fought for [[Maratha Empire|Maratha Confederacy]] during the [[Maratha dynasty|Maratha ruler]] [[Shivaji]] and for their bravery, Shivaji recognised them as [[Maratha Koli|Maratha]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sadasivan |first=S. N. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Be3PCvzf-BYC&pg=PA245&dq=Sultan+Kolis&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjujrGP6euCAxUhSGwGHRntC784KBDoAXoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=A Social History of India |date=2000 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7648-170-0 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=245: Sivaji was given unstinted support for his military operations by the swordsmen belonging to the Hill [[Koli people|Koli]]s of [[Bavan Maval|Mawal]] who were made later on Marathas by him. The Brahmins did not protest at this upgradation because in spite of their conversion, the Hill Kolis remained as Sudras within the Sudras. |language=en}}</ref> according to the '''[[Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency|District Gazetteer of Thane]]''' from 1882, The elite or respectable Koli families were called as Maratha Koli in Maharashtra.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hansen |first=Thomas Blom |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Bf5ZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA31&dq=Maratha+Kolis&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjPidrP_PWGAxX0SmwGHdpHCdU4ChDoAXoECAgQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Wages of Violence: Naming and Identity in Postcolonial Bombay |date=2018-06-05 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn=978-0-691-18862-1 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=31 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hansen |first=Thomas Blom |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=iRAj9NnMdYgC&pg=PA31&dq=Maratha+Kolis&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjPidrP_PWGAxX0SmwGHdpHCdU4ChDoAXoECAQQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Violence in Urban India: Identity Politics, 'Mumbai', and the Postcolonial City |date=2005 |publisher=[[Permanent Black]] |isbn=978-81-7824-120-3 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Bandkari === The '''Bandkari''', or '''Bundkari''' is a [[title]] conferred to the [[Koli caste|Koli]] chief of [[Dacoity|dacoits]] or [[Revolution|revolutionaries]] of [[Maharashtra]] till 1960.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=96 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Krishan |first=Shri |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7sOGAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA146&dq=Bandkaris+Kolis&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwioqvqnwfT2AhW7RmwGHatMCqwQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=Bandkaris%20Kolis&f=false |title=Political Mobilization and Identity in Western India, 1934-47 |date=2005-04-07 |publisher=SAGE Publications India |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-321-0208-3 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=146 |language=en}}</ref> if a person pleasure the Koli heros call them as '''Bandkari''' but when want to degrade calls them '''Daku'''.{{sfn|Hardiman|2007|p=140}} ==== Origin ==== The meaning of Bandkari is revolutionary or leader of [[Koli rebellion|revolt]]. The ''Band'', or ''Bund'' means revolt (rebellion) and ''Kari'' means leader or a person of position.{{sfn|Hardiman|2007|p=102}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=8EsfAQAAIAAJ |title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India |last2=Hardiman |first2=Professor of History David |date=1996 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-19-563956-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=Xiii |language=en}}</ref> According to a [[19th century]] [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-[[English language|English]] [[dictionary]], Band meant either [[Rebellion|insurrection]], [[sedition]], or an [[Insurgency|insurgent]], a rebel. A 'Bandkhorvala' or 'Bandkari' was a [[Rebellion|rebellious]] person. Until the 19th century, the title appears to have been associated exclusively with revolts against the [[Princely state|state]] or other ruling powers. Revolts by Mahadev Kolis were all described as Bands. [[List of districts of Maharashtra|Regions]] which were outside the control of the [[Maratha Koli|Maratha]] [[Maratha Empire|state]] were known as 'Bandi Mulk'. During the course of the nineteenth century, the title evolved, being associated increasingly with the activities of [[Peasant|peasants]] rebelling against social oppression. Today, the people of the mountain regions describe the Koli outlaws as Bandkaris. This is not a word that appears in the nineteenth-century records. The title is applied now not so much to a rebel against the state, but to a person who has put himself outside the law to fight the social oppressors of his caste. He thus enjoys the support of the caste as a whole. In this, the Bandkari is distinguished today from the [[Daku]], or dacoit, who is seen as being involved in illegal activities primarily for his own gain, and who does not enjoy popular support. In English. we may say that the contrast, as it now exists, is between the social bandit, as defined by [[Eric Hobsbawm]], and the mere 'robber' or 'thief who belongs to a professional underworld. When outsiders wish to denigrate the heroes of the Kolis, they call them Dakus. In this section of the essay, I shall examine the tradition of the Band in the pre colonial and early colonial periods, seeing how it had begun to change by 1830, and then go on in the following section to see how this tradition fed into the revolt of Raghu Bhangare.{{sfn|Hardiman|2007|p=102}} ==== Diffrence between Bandkari and Dacoit ==== The Bandkari is thus different from the dacoits of the professional underworld. Intrinsic to the varying significance is a complex interplay of power, benefit and dissent with agenda and alliances of convenience. * Dacoits looted the people for their livelihood but a Bandkari looted only rich or bad people. * Dacoits collected the looted goods for self but a Bandkari distribute the looted goods in needed or poor people. * Dacoits generally attacked the people but a Bandkari plundered the rich or high profile person in response to punish him. === Koli Dharala === The '''Dharala''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yājñika |first=Acyuta |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=wmKIiAPgnF0C&pg=PA304&dq=Dharala+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi8lcvTn_j2AhU53jgGHY33CksQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=Dharala%20Koli&f=false |title=The Shaping of Modern Gujarat: Plurality, Hindutva, and Beyond |last2=Sheth |first2=Suchitra |date=2005 |publisher=[[Penguin Books India]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-14-400038-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=304 |language=en}}</ref> or '''Dhurala''' is a [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|title]] used by [[List of Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] of [[Gujarat]], [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|Dadar and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]] who were professional soldiers and were experts in sword fighting.<ref name=":0"/> during the [[British Raj]] in India, the 80% of the total population of of Kolis in [[Kheda district]] were Dharala.<ref name=":0" /> the Koli Dharalas plundered the [[British Raj|British]] trading ships because they were turbulent and considered as bad tribe.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drew |first=John |date=2021-12-06 |title=The Christmas the Kolis took to cricket |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/views/in-focus/news/the-christmas-the-kolis-took-cricket-2910376 |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> the Koli Dharalas also served in [[British Indian Army]] as trackers and village guard and were occasionally used as soldiers in wartime by British government in return of sum.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=Jyotindra |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=nuPWAAAAMAAJ |title=Folk Art and Culture of Gujarat: Guide to the Collection of the Shreyas Folk Museum of Gujarat |last2=Gujarat |first2=Shreyas Folk Museum of |date=1980 |publisher=Shreyas Prakashan |year=1980 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=133 |language=en}}</ref> The most of the Koli Dharalas were from [[Patanvadia Koli|Patanvadia]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tambs-Lyche |first=Harald |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5ntuAAAAMAAJ |title=Power, Profit, and Poetry: Traditional Society in Kathiawar, Western India |date=1996-12-31 |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-7304-176-1 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=130: a significant number of Patanvadia Kolis were Dharala in kaira district |language=en}}</ref> [[Talapada Koli|Talapada]] subcaste of Kolis eho were prosperous and respected in society and ruled over petty [[Princely State]]s during British regime.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Saṅghavī |first=Nagīnadāsa Purushottamadāsa |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=zDRwAAAAMAAJ |title=Gujarat: A Political Analysis |date=1995 |publisher=[[Centre for Social Studies]] |year=1995 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=71:Dharala Koli who were of Talapada subcaste of Koli caste - s are the most prosperous group amongst the community and enjoy the highest status within the community because a few of them were petty princes during the British regime . A group of castes ( 25 % ) of Hindus ... |language=en}}</ref> ==== Dharala Vero ==== The Dharala Vero was a type of tax collected by Kolis of Gujarat to allowed the other caste people to live in their villages.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Clark |first=Alice Whitcomb |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=dzNtAAAAMAAJ |title=Central Gujarat in the Nineteenth Century: The Integration of an Agrarian System |date=1979 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin--Madison]] |year=1979 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=72 |language=en}}</ref> in 1920, the [[Mahatma Gandhi|Mahatma]] [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhi]] tried to reform the Koli Dharalas to get ride of Anti social activities such as gang Robberies and tax collection from other caste people.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lzWFAAAAIAAJ |title=Peasant Nationalists of Gujarat: Kheda District, 1917-1934 |date=1981 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1981 |isbn=978-0-19-561255-4 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=174 |language=en}}</ref> ==== Origin or meaning ==== The title of Dharala is taken from the '''Dhar''' (Sharpness) of a sword's edge. Dharala means experts of sword fighting.{{sfn|Chaturvedi|2007|p=30}} ==== Clans ==== The most of the Koli Dharalas were belong to the [[Baria Koli|Baria]] clan of Kolis.{{sfn|Clark|1979|p=138}} === Koli Deshmukh === The '''Deshmukh''' is a [[Indian honorifics|title]] used by the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] of [[Maharashtra]]. The ruling royal [[List of Koli people|Koli]] of [[Surgana State]] held the title of Deshmukh respectively.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lethbridge |first=Sir Roper |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7iOsNUZ2MXgC&pg=PA521&lpg=PA521&dq=Deshmukh+Koli&source=bl&ots=Zl3ggwjgwV&sig=ACfU3U0apb8D2PDM5dwv6U8EUCrDKfIRXw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjyrI7KuvD2AhXrTGwGHSh6AQw4PBDoAXoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=Deshmukh%20Koli&f=false |title=The Golden Book of India: A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and Other Personages, Titled Or Decorated of the Indian Empire |date=2005 |publisher=Aakar Books |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-87879-54-1 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=521 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Waghmare |first=Abhishek |date=2018-04-14 |title=Why Maharashtra farmers walked 170 km and how their strike played out |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/how-the-maharashtra-farmers-strike-played-out-and-why-they-walked-170-km-118041100370_1.html |access-date=2022-03-31}}</ref> the title Deshmukh mostly used by Mahadev Kolis who ruled over several [[Princely state|Princely States]] before [[Indian independence movement|Independence of India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=103 |language=en}}</ref> most of the influenced Koli families conferred the titles of Deshmukh, [[Patwari|Patvari]] and [[Patel]] by ruler of their territories.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Provinces (India) |first=Central |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4ScmAQAAIAAJ |title=Akola |date=1910 |publisher=Printed at the [[Pioneer Press]] |year=1910 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=116: Kshatriya Kolis are those who belong to deshmukh , patel , or patwāri families , while the rāja , royal , subdivision includes the Rāja of Jawhār in Bombay Presidency. |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Patil === The '''Patil'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kumar Suresh |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4bfmnmsBfQ4C&pg=PA1884&dq=Patil+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv9IuN_fr5AhXpFLcAHcoPBW4Q6AF6BAgJEAE#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Maharashtra |last2=Bhanu |first2=B. V. |last3=India |first3=Anthropological Survey of |date=2004 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=2004 |isbn=978-81-7991-102-0 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=1884 |language=en}}</ref> also known as '''Gaonpatil''' and '''Sarpatil'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Punekar |first=Vinaja B. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=VOU9AAAAIAAJ |title=The Son Kolis of Bombay |date=1959 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1959 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=301 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[Indian honorifics|title]] used by [[Koli people|Koli]] chiefs of villages in [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=132 - 133: A Koli Patil of his own village of Devgaon let him, Bhau Dungar and Khundu Sable hide out in a cattle shed which he kept in the mountains of Baglan, on the border with Khandesh. In September , after the monsoon was over, Raghu ... |language=en}}</ref> the [[Janjira State|Janjira]] island was built and fortified by Koli chieftain [[Ram Patil]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ali |first=Shanti Sadiq |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-3CPc22nMqIC&pg=PA158&dq=Patil+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv9IuN_fr5AhXpFLcAHcoPBW4Q6AF6BAgBEAE#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times |date=1996 |publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]] |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=158 |language=en}}</ref> Koli Patils sometimes called as '''Gaonpatil''' which means 'village head' and it is found among both [[Hindus|Hindu]] and [[Koli Christians|Christian Kolis]]. Patil is hereditary title to the Koli families of Maharashtra.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Kalpana |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=6RJWYfvHBCQC&pg=PA43&dq=Patil+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv9IuN_fr5AhXpFLcAHcoPBW4Q6AF6BAgFEAE#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Rediscovering Dharavi: Stories from Asia's Largest Slum |date=2000 |publisher=[[Penguin Books India]] |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-14-100023-7 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=43 |language=en}}</ref> In Koli society, there were several types of Patil<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Frederick Bruce |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=S9dmbS_n9UEC |title=Adaptation to Colonial Rule by the "wild Tribes" of the Bombay Deccan, 1818-1880: From Political Competition to Social Banditry |date=1978 |publisher=[[University of Minnesota]] |year=1978 |location=New Delhi, India |language=en}}</ref> * Police Patil: Police Patil was a service position in Kolis during [[British Raj]] and [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] rule. Kolis who were serving as in-charge of police knowns as Police Patil.{{sfn|Sharma|1978|pp=148}} * Zemidar Patil: the Kolis who were village headman or landlord were known as [[Zamindar|Zemidar]] Patil. They recieved the grants of villages from rulers for their services in [[Princely state|Princely states]], kingdoms and [[Deccan sultanates|Sultanates]].{{sfn|Sharma|1978|pp=149}} * Samajik Patil: the Koli people who were responsible to maintain order in Koli society and promote their problems were called as Samajik Patil.{{sfn|Sharma|1978|pp=317}} Kolis of Maharashtra served in Maratha Empire and a Koli Patil who was naval chief in [[Maratha Navy]] named [[Laya Sarpatil|Laya]] was honoured by [[Shivaji]] with the title of [[Patil (surname)|Sarpatil]] and grants of villages for his courageous actions and [[Siddi|Siddis]] of [[Murud-Janjira|Janjira]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khandpekar |first=Neeta M |date=September 2018 |title=India's Maritime History: Sea-faring groups and Maritime Icons |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327829489_India%27s_Maritime_History_Sea-faring_groups_and_Maritime_Icons |journal=Reasearchgate |via=[[University of Mumbai]]}}</ref> === Koli Patel === The '''Patel'''<ref name=":0"/> is a [[Surname]] of the [[Koli people|Koli]] caste of [[Gujarat]] in [[India]] which have most importance in the [[Politics of Gujarat]] and Koli Patels of [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] was most benefited under the rule of [[Indian National Congress]] party.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhatt|first=Himansshu|last2=Nov 23|first2=Melvyn Thomas / TNN /|last3=2012|last4=Ist|first4=23:07|title=Koli Patels have their say in south Gujarat {{!}} Surat News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/koli-patels-have-their-say-in-south-gujarat/articleshow/17341369.cms|access-date=2021-09-07|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Desai|first=Akshayakumar Ramanlal|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Ubk4qXLI9AQC&dq=Koli+Patel&source=gbs_navlinks_s|title=State and Repressive Culture: A Case Study of Gujarat|last2=D'Costa|first2=Wilfred|date=1994|publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=1994|isbn=978-81-7154-702-9|location=New Delhi, India|pages=12|language=en}}</ref> Koli Patels are recognised as a [[Other Backward Class]] caste by [[Government of Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Baviskar|first=B. S.|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PLmGAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA417&lpg=PA417&dq=Koli+Patel&source=bl&ots=gSFhy7ghbp&sig=ACfU3U2eWW_dBloSAmqsXEBEXk7VNrIUrw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjgqoHT6OzyAhUY7XMBHfeWCDw4RhDoAXoECBwQAg#v=onepage&q=Koli%20Patel&f=false|title=Inclusion and Exclusion in Local Governance: Field Studies from Rural India|last2=Mathew|first2=George|date=2009-01-14|publisher=SAGE Publications India|year=2009|isbn=978-81-321-0089-8|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=416 - 17|language=en}}</ref> Koli Patels are [[Agriculturist]] by profession and own the high [[Landed property|landholding]] in villages.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Baumgartner|first=Ruedi|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ndRjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT227&lpg=PT227&dq=Koli+Patel&source=bl&ots=AIoJM0CJUd&sig=ACfU3U2AzB9PuamsiigdVW5B0TINaf8nbA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi30IyZ6uzyAhVnILcAHUFtCmg4WhDoAXoECBYQAg#v=onepage&q=Koli%20Patel&f=false|title=In Search of Sustainable Livelihood Systems: Managing Resources and Change|last2=Hogger|first2=Ruedi|date=2004-08-10|publisher=SAGE Publishing India|isbn=978-93-5280-266-1|language=en}}</ref> Koli Patels also call himself as [[Mandhatri|Mandhata]] [[Patel]] and Mandhata Koli Patel and those who have migrated to [[East Africa]] are Businessman and civil servants.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hahlo|first=Ken|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=UKybDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT113&lpg=PT113&dq=Koli+Patels&source=bl&ots=TvX012f7xa&sig=ACfU3U3w8Ld3LIzem2UWQ6WMrYFtnDdoCg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwirkKul8OzyAhUs4nMBHR9mAJE4RhDoAXoECBYQAg#v=onepage&q=Koli%20Patels&f=false|title=Communities, Networks and Ethnic Politics|date=2018-08-10|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2018|isbn=978-0-429-86435-3|location=India|language=en}}</ref> ==== Clans ==== Some of the well known Clans of Koli Patels are here.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Perez|first=Rosa Maria|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=GDRWAglUumEC&dq=Koli+Patel&source=gbs_navlinks_s|title=Kings and Untouchables: A Study of the Caste System in Western India|date=2004|publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]]|year=2004|isbn=978-81-8028-014-6|location=New Delhi, India|pages=71|language=en}}</ref> * [[Chauhan clan|Chauhan]] * [[Makwana]] * [[Rathore|Rathod]] === Koli Kotwal === Among members of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]], Kotwal is a title, derived from the occupation of fort-keepers or protectors of forts and village leader.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Somanaboina |first1=Simhadri |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H5tIEAAAQBAJ&dq=Kotwal+Koli&pg=PT443 |title=The Routledge Handbook of the Other Backward Classes in India: Thought, Movements and Development |last2=Ramagoud |first2=Akhileshwari |date=2021-11-15 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |year=2021 |isbn=978-1-000-46280-7 |location=New Delhi, India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=B. S. S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PuydzvIol0gC&pg=PA161&dq=Kotwal+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjv0dX64aL7AhVMSmwGHS-aCnc4FBDoAXoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Television for Rural Development |date=1992 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |year=1992 |isbn=978-81-7022-377-1 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=161 |language=en}}</ref> Even when a Koli man retired as a kotwal, he and his descendants would use "Kotwal" as a surname as it signified prestige.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zePZAAAAMAAJ |title=Exploring India's Rural Past: A Gujarat Village in the Early Nineteenth Century |date=2002 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-19-565732-6 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=82–91 |language=en}}</ref> Kolis were Kotwal from the times of Mughal rule in Gujarat<ref>{{Cite book |last=Khān |first=ʻAlī Muḥammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P-ZjAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Mirat-i-Ahmadi: A Persian History of Gujarat |date=1965 |publisher=[[Oriental Institute]] |year=1965 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=831 |language=en}}</ref> and were hereditary Kotwal of the royal palaces of [[Rajkot State|Rajkot]], [[Morvi State|Morvi]] and [[Bhavnagar State|Bhavnagar]] [[Princely state|Princely states]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4_htAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Vanyajāti |date=1989 |publisher=Bharatiya Adimjati Sevak Sangh. |year=1989 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=26 |language=en}}</ref> Kolis of Maharashtra also served as Kotwal in [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]] and controlled the forts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shyam |first=Radhey |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5C4hBqKdkEsC&pg=PA376&dq=Kotwal+Kolis&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiEvY3D6KL7AhVhUWwGHTCICOQ4HhDoAXoECAsQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The Kingdom of Ahmadnagar |date=1966 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publications |year=1966 |isbn=978-81-208-2651-9 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=376 |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Girasia === The '''Girasia''', or '''Garasia''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Clark |first=Alice Whitcomb |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dzNtAAAAMAAJ |title=Central Gujarat in the Nineteenth Century: The Integration of an Agrarian System |date=1979 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin--Madison]] |year=1979 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=55: Koli garasias would often " hire a land from the manager of a village , trusting to the timidity of the other villagers , declare that it was O 1,57 famiiy , bapita , land |language=en}}</ref> '''Girasiya''' and '''Garasiya''' is a [[Indian honorifics|title]] used by the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Tribal chief|chieftains]] of petty [[Princely state|states]] or [[Jagir|Jagirdars]] who held the villages as ''Giras'' granted by rulers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bayly |first=Susan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HbAjKR_iHogC&dq=Girasia+Koli&pg=PA84 |title=Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age |date=2001-02-22 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-521-79842-6 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=84 |language=en}}</ref> the most of the [[Chunvalia Koli]]s held the title of Girasia and they worshipped the [[Hindus|Hindu]] goddess [[Shakti]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Enthoven |first=Reginald Edward |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eRkuXFD93zsC&dq=Girasia+Koli&pg=PA5 |title=Folk Lore Notes: Folklore of Gujurat |date=1989 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |year=1989 |isbn=978-81-206-0485-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=5 |language=en}}</ref> The Koli Garasiya were [[tributary]] to the ruler of state who gave the Giras.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hardiman |first1=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EsfAQAAIAAJ |title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India |last2=Hardiman |first2=Professor of History David |date=1996 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-19-563956-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=178 |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Pagi === The '''Pagi''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=EjORKo7maRUC&pg=PA168&dq=Pagi+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiFyJyhx_T2AhWzxzgGHeQBDtE4ChDoAXoECAgQAw#v=onepage&q=Pagi%20Koli&f=false |title=The Structure of Indian Society: Then and Now |date=2012-12-06 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-136-19770-3 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=168 |language=en}}</ref> or '''Pugee''' and '''Paghi'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Franco |first=Fernando |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=eioqAAAAYAAJ |title=The Silken Swing: The Cultural Universe of Dalit Women |last2=Macwan |first2=Jyotsna |last3=Ramanathan |first3=Suguna |date=2000 |publisher=Sangam Books Limited |year=2000 |isbn=978-81-85604-41-1 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=21 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|title]] used by [[List of Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] of [[Gujarat]] who were guard of village and served as detective for any [[List of Koli states and clans|ruler]] or chiefs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Silverberg |first=James |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bvA0AQAAIAAJ |title=Peasant Behavior and Its Caste-relevancy: The Kolis of Kasandra |date=1962 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin]] |year=1962 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=32 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Chunvalia Koli|Chunvalia]] Kolis adopted the profession of Pagi in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Shibani |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |year=1983 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=151: The Kolis also render their services to the entire village . Only Chuania (Chunvalia) Kolis adopt this traditional occupation of ' Pagi ' or village guard . |language=en}}</ref> a number of [[Talpada Koli|Talapada]] Kolis also served as Pagi and held the title as hereditary to family.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1995 |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=163 |language=en}}</ref> the title of Pagi also considered as inferior to [[Kotwal]] title of Kolis because some of Pagis worked as watchman so they was degraded in position.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=Jyotindra |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=nuPWAAAAMAAJ |title=Folk Art and Culture of Gujarat: Guide to the Collection of the Shreyas Folk Museum of Gujarat |last2=Gujarat |first2=Shreyas Folk Museum of |date=1980 |publisher=Shreyas Prakashan |year=1980 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=133 |language=en}}</ref> ==== Clans ==== The Talapada Kolis who served as Pagi adopted the [[Solanki (clan)|Solanki]] [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] in Radhvanaj of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=U8s0aBdDxEQC&pg=PA127&dq=Pagi+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjhvISfzPT2AhUpzDgGHfz-A284MhDoAXoECAcQAw#v=onepage&q=Pagi%20Koli&f=false |title=The Family in India: Critical Essays |date=1998 |publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]] |year=1998 |isbn=978-81-250-1306-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=127 |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Agariya === The '''Agariya''', or '''Agaria''' is a [[Indian honorifics|title]] of [[Chunvalia Koli|Chunvalia]] [[Koli people|Kolis]] who are [[Salt evaporation pond|salt farmers]] in [[Kutch district|Kutch]] [[List of districts of Gujarat|district]] of [[Gujarat]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chandra |first=Kavita Kanan |date=2017-02-24 |title=The salt farmers of wild ass country |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/the-salt-farmers-of-wild-ass-country/article17361838.ece |access-date=2022-07-23 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> in 2019, Koli Agariyas faces the great loss of salt trade because of the [[China–United States trade war|Trade war between China and United States of America]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gujarat Salt Industry Hit By US-China Trade War |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/special/gujarat-salt-industry-hit-by-uschina-trade-war/56519/1 |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref> They produce the 30% of the salt of the total of country.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Schooneveld |first=Inge van |date=2018-02-15 |title=The salt farmers of Little Ran of Kutch |url=https://sinchi-foundation.com/news/salt-little-ran-kutch/ |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Sinchi Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref> they were listed as [[Denotified Tribes|Criminal Tribe]] under [[Criminal Tribes Act]] of 1871 by [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British Indian government]] because of their [[Koli rebellions|rebellions]] against [[British Raj|British]] rule in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-10 |title=Education in the Desert: Field Notes from the Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat - Bhavna Harchandani |url=https://doingsociology.org/2022/04/10/education-in-the-desert-field-notes-from-the-little-rann-of-kutch-gujarat-bhavna-harchandani/ |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Doing Sociology |language=en-US}}</ref> The Koli Agariyas were [[Land tenure|landowners]] of the land of [[Little Rann of Kutch]] but in 1978 this area was declared as [[Indian Wild Ass Sanctuary|Wild Ass Sanctuary]] by [[Government of Gujarat]] and their lands were captured by Gujarat government.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Deepak |first=Sharanya |title=Will election change fate of the Agariyas of Gujarat? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2017/12/9/will-election-change-fate-of-the-agariyas-of-gujarat |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Koli Agariyas demanding recognition as farmers and an assurance that they have a legal right on [[Little Rann of Kutch]] land for salt farming to get the benifit like agriculture farmers such as money package and releif for natural calamities like flood.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Research sweetens deal for saltpan workers - Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/research-sweetens-deal-for-saltpan-workers/822350/2 |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref> ==== Clans ==== Here are some of the clans used by Agariya title holder Kolis of Kutch, * [[Jhala (clan)|Jhala]] * [[Makwana (clan)|Makwana]] * [[Jadav]] * [[Chudasama]] * [[Chauhan]] * [[Parmar]] * Rangpara * Munjapara * [[Zinzuwada|Jhinjhuvadia]] * [[Katosan State|Katosana]] ==== Classification ==== The Koli Agarias are classified as [[Other Backward Class]] by [[Government of Gujarat]] but in past they were notified as [[Denotified Tribes|Criminal Tribe]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |last3= |last4= |last5= |last6=Apps |first6= |title=Lok Sabha polls: Post-Rahul Gandhi visit, Congress all set to hand over salt-pan workers to BJP on platter |url=https://www.counterview.net/2014/03/lok-sabha-polls-post-rahul-gandhi-visit.html |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Counterview}}</ref> ==== Organisations ==== * Agariya Hitrakshak Manch<ref name=":0" /> === Koli Behera === The '''Behera''' or '''Dal Behera''' is a title of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[Koli rebellion|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Odisha]]. [[Koli Patel|Kolis]] of Odisha who were chief of villages used the '''Behera''' as a title.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ghosh |first1=G. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1xbRLoG5MAkC&dq=koli+behera&pg=PA156 |title=Indian Textiles: Past and Present |last2=Ghosh |first2=Shukla |date=1995 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7024-706-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Ghosh|first=G. K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UjpuAAAAMAAJ|title=Orissa: The Dazzle from Within (art, Craft and Culture of Orissa)|publisher=Ashish Publications|year=1993|isbn=978-81-7024-593-3|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=197: Behera is the hereditary title of Koli headman and the Behera of Koli village can be only Koli|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Thurston|first=Edgar|title=Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Kōli - Wikisource, the free online library|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Castes_and_Tribes_of_Southern_India/K%C5%8Dli|access-date=2022-02-07|website=en.wikisource.org|language=en}}</ref> === Koli Rana === The [[Koli people|Kolis]] of India used the [[Indian honorifics|title]] of '''Rana''' and ruled over [[Princely state|Princely State]] of [[Shevdivadar]]<ref>{{Cite book|author-link=Roper Lethbridge |last=Lethbridge |first=Roper |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7iOsNUZ2MXgC&dq=Rana+Koli&pg=PA501 |title=The Golden Book of India: A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and Other Personages, Titled Or Decorated of the Indian Empire |publisher=Aakar Books |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-87879-54-1 |location=[[New Delhi]], India, Asia |pages=501: [[Shevdivadar]], The Rána is a [[Koli people|Koli]] (aboriginal) Chief, ruling over a territory of 1 square mile, with a population of 246, chiefly [[Hindus]]. Residence - Shevdivadar, [[Kathiawar]], [[Bombay]] |language=en}}</ref> and [[Sinhagad]] [[Forts in India|fort]] was ruled by [[List of Koli people|Koli]] Rana [[Nag Nayak of Sinhagad|Nag Nayak]] who challenged the [[Delhi Sultanate|Delhi sultanate]]'s [[Sultan]] [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kale |first=Rohit Pralhadrao |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k8hcDwAAQBAJ&dq=nag+Nayak+Koli&pg=PT58 |title=Rajwata: Aavishkar Gad Killayacha |date=2018-05-24 |publisher=FSP Media Publications |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=Sinhagad was captured from the Koli tribal chieftain, Nag Naik, by Muhammad bin Tughlaq in 1328 AD. Shahaji Bhosale, as the commander of Ibrahim Adil Shah I, was entrusted with the control of the Pune region. His son Shivaji, however |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mehta |first=Jaswant Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=82puAAAAMAAJ |title=Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India: 1000-1526 A.D |date=1986 |publisher=[[Sterling Publishers]] |isbn=978-81-207-0573-9 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=197: Sultan was told that Nag Nayak, Rana of Kondhana (Sinhgad, near Poona ) did not pay tribute of Delhi . ' On his orders, the fortress was besieged by a contingent of the royal army ; it was defended gallantly by |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Mansabdar === The '''Mansabdar''', or '''Mansubdar''' is a Military [[Indian honorifics|title]] used by the [[List of Koli people|Kolis]] of [[Maharashtra]] during the reign of [[Maratha Empire]], [[Mughal Empire]] and [[Deccan Sultanates]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Frederick Bruce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9dmbS_n9UEC |title=Adaptation to Colonial Rule by the "wild Tribes" of the Bombay Deccan, 1818-1880: From Political Competition to Social Banditry |publisher=[[University of Minnesota]] |year=1978 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=283: Once in the Rajur jail of [[Maratha Empire]], the prisoner was confined under the guard of Javji Naik Mansabdar's men. Javji Naik Bambale , the Koli Mansabdar of the Naikwari Police , was the son of Devji Naik by his wife |language=en}}</ref> the Koli chiefs of Maharashtra held the good position of [[Sardar]] and '''Mansabdar''' in [[Bahamani Sultanate]] and [[Ahmednagar Sultanate]]'s military.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hassan |first=Syed Siraj ul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lYSd-3yL9h0C&dq=Mansabdar+Koli&pg=PA332 |title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |year=1989 |isbn=978-81-206-0488-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=332 |language=en}}</ref> the most prominent Koli Mansabdar in [[Maratha Empire]] was [[Javji Bamble]] who was Mansabdar of Rajur and was close aide to [[Tukoji Rao Holkar|Tukoji Holkar]] of [[Indore State]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yang |first=Anand A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DroEAQAAIAAJ |title=Crime and Criminality in British India |date=1985 |publisher=Association for Asian Studies |isbn=978-0-8165-0951-5 |pages=174: The best example is the career of a Koli named [[Javji Bamble]] , who was appointed Mansabdar after playing [[Nana Fadnavis]] off against [[Tukoji Holkar]] in the 1770s |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Sardar === The '''Sardar''' is a [[Indian honorifics|title]] used by the [[List of Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] of [[Maharashtra]] during the reign of [[Bahmani Sultanate|Bahamani]] and [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate|Ahmednagar]] [[Deccan sultanates|Sultanates]] conferred by the [[Sultan]]s of Both sultanates to the Koli [[Subedar|fortkeeper]] or Koli protecters of hilly tracts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hassan |first=Syed Siraj ul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lYSd-3yL9h0C&dq=Koli+Sardars&pg=PA332 |title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions |publisher=Asian Educational Services |year=1989 |isbn=978-81-206-0488-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=332: The Koli country was then known as Bávan Mávals, or fifty - two valleys, each under a naik . These naiks held a good position, both in the Bahamani and in the Ahmednagar kingdoms, ranking among the nobles called ' Sardars ' and Mansabsar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Behera |first=Maguni Charan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rVS9DwAAQBAJ&dq=koli+Sardar&pg=PA46 |title=Tribal Studies in India: Perspectives of History, Archaeology and Culture |date=2019-11-09 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-981-329-026-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=[[Bahamani Sultanate|Bahamani]] [[Sultan]]s conferred the title of Sardar to the Koli chiefs who held the charge of hilly tracts |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Heredia |first1=Rudolf C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mYKAAAAAMAAJ |title=Mobile, and Marginalized Peoples: Perspectives from the Past |last2=Ratnagar |first2=Shereen |publisher=Manohar Publications |year=2003 |isbn=978-81-7304-497-7 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=160: Raja Vikramajit, Shahjahan's governor of Gujarat, had to conduct an expedition in 1622 against some Kolis north of Ahmedabad who had ... The Bahmanis conferred the rank of Sardar on Koli chiefs who held charge of hill tracts |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Frederick Bruce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9dmbS_n9UEC |title=Adaptation to Colonial Rule by the "wild Tribes" of the Bombay Deccan, 1818–1880: From Political Competition to Social Banditry |publisher=University of Minnesota |year=1978 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=158–360: The men to be appointed over these jurisdictions were to be selected from among the existing Koli Sardars (men of influence), whom this official characterized both as having " acquired rank and substance |language=en}}</ref> == See more == * [[Koli dance]] == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Koli clan, Koli title}} [[Category:Koli]] 75zy61nq2wzwk8hibt50bb5ene1eub8 10367646 10367589 2025-07-02T13:03:00Z Barras 40117 [[User:Awesome Aasim/rcpatrol|RCP]] reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/103.240.170.83|103.240.170.83]] ([[User_talk:103.240.170.83|Talk]]); changed back to last revision by [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|MathXplore]]: unexplained removal of content 10142614 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''[[Koli caste|Koli]]''' is a Indian [[caste]] mostly found in the Indian states of [[Gujarat]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]], [[Goa]], [[Telangana]], [[Daman and Diu]] and [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]. Here are the information about [[Koli rebellion|Koli]] [[Clan|clans]] ([[Gotra]]) and [[Title|titles]] (Upadhi): Before the [[Indian independence movement|Independence of India]], in Gujarat, the Bhil women were [[Concubinage|Concubines]] for the [[Koli Patel|Koli]] [[Tribal chief|landlords]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nath |first=Y. V. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eXEbAAAAMAAJ |title=Bhils of Ratanmal: An Analysis of the Social Structure of a Western Indian Community |publisher=[[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]] |year=1960 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=62: in Pipergota, a ruler is having a Dhanaki concubine for a number of years. But he does not live with her. He accepts no food from her. So his purity is unaffected and be remains a member of the higher society. Quite a few Bhilala land holders have Naika woman their concubines and in Baria, such relations are said to exist between the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]]s and [[Bhil]] women. |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=[[Vadodara|Baroda]] |first=[[Maharaja Sayajirao University]] of |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JNFUXvF9gywC&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Sociological Monograph Series |date=1960 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=62: in Pipergota, a ruler is having a Dhanaki concubine for a number of years. But he does not live with her. He accepts no food from her. So his purity is unaffected and be remains a member of the higher society. Quite a few Bhilala land holders have Naika woman their concubines and in Baria, such relations are said to exist between the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]]s and [[Bhil]] women. |language=en}}</ref> [[File:A Coolie Chieftain.jpg|thumb|A [[portrait]] of a [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[Tribal chief|chieftain]] of [[Dahewan]] by [[James Forrestal|James Forbes]], 1813]] == Clans (Gotra) == === Vala Kolis === The '''Vala''', or '''Wala''' is a Koli [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) found in the [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[Gujarat]] in [[India]]. They claim to be the earliest [[Koli people|Koli]] settlers in [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]], and are descendants of Dhan Mer who was son of Koli [[Tribal chief|chieftain]] [[Sonang Mer]], who defeated the ruler of the [[Vala State|Vala]] kingdom ([[Vallabhi|Valabhi]]) of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kumar |first=Satinder |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qtkjAQAAIAAJ |title=Encyclopaedia of South-Asian Tribes: The Kinnaura - The Korwa |date=2000 |publisher=Anmol Publications |isbn=978-81-261-0517-5 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |page=1557 |quote=The Talapada Koli are divided into exogamous clans, Four of those clans, Merh, [[Chauhan]], [[Makwana (clan)|Makwana]] and Bhaliya are considered superior and the rest clans namely [[Rathod (surname)|Rathod]], Vala, Heera and [[Solanki (clan)|Solanki]] are placed below them |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aRdOAQAAMAAJ |title=The Scheduled Castes |date=1995 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-563742-7 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[India]] |page=576 |quote=The Talapada Koli are divided into exogamous clans. Four of those clans, Merh, [[Chauhan]], [[Makwana (clan)|Makwana]] and Bhaliya are considered superior and the rest clans namely [[Rathod (surname)|Rathod]], Vala, Heera and [[Solanki (clan)|Solanki]] are placed below them |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Jain |first1=Jyotindra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nuPWAAAAMAAJ |title=Folk Art and Culture of Gujarat: Guide to the Collection of the Shreyas Folk Museum of Gujarat |last2=Gujarat |first2=Shreyas Folk Museum of |date=1980 |publisher=Shreyas Prakashan |location=[[New Delhi]] |page=6 |quote=It has been noted that the famous Koli Dhanmer whose descendants became known as Vala Koli |language=en}}</ref> ===Sord Kolis=== The '''Sord dynasty''' was a ruling dynasty of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] in [[Gujarat]] who ruled over Idar [[Princely state|state]] for two generations.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=iChFAQAAMAAJ |title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India |date=1985 |publisher=Usha Publications |year=1985 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=428 - 429 |language=en}}</ref> This dynasty was founded by the [[Thakor]] Hathi Sord, who belonged to the [[Koli rebellion|Koli]] caste.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-03 |title=Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 13, page 325 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library |url=http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V13_331.gif |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=web.archive.org |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303190502/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V13_331.gif |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ananta) |first=Rudra (Son of |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ICIVAAAAIAAJ&dq=sord+kolis&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Rudrakavi's Great Poem of the Dynasty of Rāṣṭrauḍha: Cantos 1-13 and 18-20 |publisher=Brill Archive |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=10 |language=en}}</ref> Hathi Sord was a [[vassal]] in the Eder state, but Amarsingh [[Parmar]], the ruler of the Eder state, was killed in a battle after which Hathi Sord took over as the ruler of the Eder state. [[Maharaja]] Hathi Sord ruled peacefully till his death, and after his death his only son, Prince Samwaliya Sord, took the [[throne]] of Idar.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bruyne |first=Jenny Leonora de |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=EigTAQAAIAAJ |title=Great poem of the dynasy of rastraudha |date=1968 |year=1968 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=10 |language=en}}</ref> Maharaja Sanvalia Sord appointed a [[Nagar]] [[Brahmin]] as the commander of the army of the state of Idar but Commander was jealous of the maharaja, Due to which the commander became with the [[Rathore caste|Rathore]] [[Rajput|Rajputs]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=d. 1917 |first=Whitworth, George Clifford |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7tAOAAAAQAAJ&dq=sord+kolis&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=An Anglo-Indian Dictionary: A Glossary of Indian Terms Used in English, and of Such English Or Other Non-Indian Terms as Have Obtained Special Meanings in India |date=1885 |publisher=Kegan Paul, Trench |year=1885 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=299 |language=en}}</ref> The Senapati incited the Rathore Rajputs to attack the Maharaja but the Rajputs did not dare, after which the Senapati made a plan. According to the plan, the commander called Maharaja Sord for his daughter's wedding party and hid the Rajputs in the houses of neighbors. The Maharaja Sord was enjoying the feast with some of his ministers, when the Brahmin commander also gave him a banquet of liquor, due to which Maharaja Sord and his ministers and some special soldiers got drunk. The commander was waiting for this, the commander pointed to the Rathore Rajputs hiding in the neighboring houses and attacked the minister and soldiers including Maharaja Sord. It was the year 1300 and the Sord Dynasty of Idar came to an end this year.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Laade |first=Raj Bhusan |title=Ancient [[Gujarat]]: a view of [[Narada]] |year=2004 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=151 - 152 |language=[[English language|English]]}}</ref> Rathore Rajputs captured the idar from Kolis but later rathores was drove out by Rao Rajputs.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Y9DzmxWenNkC&dq=sord+kolis&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Asian Review |date=1887 |publisher=East & West |year=1887 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=147 |language=en}}</ref> ===Valakiya Koli=== The '''Valakiya'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Society |first=Gujarat Research |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Gujar%C4%81ta_Sa%E1%B9%83%C5%9Bodhana_Ma%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Da%E1%B8%B7anu/Iq0DT1lBgQcC?hl=en |title=Gujarāta Saṃśodhana Maṇḍaḷanuṃ Traimāsika: Journal of the Gujarat Research Society |date=1991 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=16:Kolis are [[Talpada Kolis|Talapda]]s, [[Khant Koli|Khant]]s, [[Chunvalia Koli|Chumvaliya]]s, Patanvadiyas, and [[Thakor|Thakarda]]s. Clans of Kolis [[Baria Koli|Boraiya]]s, Dalvadis, Ghediyas, Shiyals and Valakiyas. |language=en}}</ref> (also spelled as '''Valakia''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=Jyotindra |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Folk_Art_and_Culture_of_Gujarat/nuPWAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Folk Art and Culture of Gujarat: Guide to the Collection of the Shreyas Folk Museum of Gujarat |last2=Gujarat |first2=Shreyas Folk Museum of |date=1980 |publisher=Shreyas Prakashan |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=133: Kolis were noted pirates and were known by several names such as Gedia, Valakia, Baria and Talbada. |language=en}}</ref> '''Valankiya'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=General |first=India Office of the Registrar |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Census_of_India_1961/eCfs8vWwR50C?hl=en |title=Census of India, 1961 |date=1962 |publisher=Manager of Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=60: in the Gujarat, estates of Katosan, Ghodasar, Sathamba, Ilol, Satlasna, Tajpuri, Ramas and Punadara, etc, belonged to Koli chief. There are five septs among Kolis, viz, (1) Talapada Koli, (2) Chanvaliyu Koli (7) Ghediya Koll, (4) Valankiya Koli and (3) Khant Koli. in the State, Kolis are alas known from..... |language=en}}</ref> and '''Valakya''') is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of the [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] mostly found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Campbell |first=James M. |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Hindu_Castes_and_Tribes_of_Gujurat/FAXGpcEdbfUC?hl=en |title=Hindu Castes and Tribes of Gujurat |date=1988 |publisher=[[Vintage Books]] |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=245: Valakiya Kolis who take their name from Kathiawad's Valak village which was ruled by them, were noted pirates of Gujarat. |language=en}}</ref> Valakiya Kolis were [[Koli caste#Koli pirates|pirates]] by profession and ruled over Valak village of [[Surat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond Brady |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Swaminarayan_Hinduism/rs5JDwAAQBAJ?hl=en |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |language=en}}</ref> The Valakiya Kolis got their name from the Valak village in [[Kamrej]] [[tehsil]] of [[Surat]] [[List of districts of Gujarat|district]] in [[Gujarat]]. They ruled over Valak village and were noted [[Koli caste#Koli pirates|pirates]] by profession.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kennedy |first=Michael |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PEZCY_iK3GIC&pg=PA97&dq=Valakiyas+Kolis&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiIkP3vkduHAxXDsFYBHVM5MacQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The Criminal Classes in India |date=1985 |publisher=Mittal Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=97 |language=en}}</ref> ===Bhalia Kolis=== '''Bhalia'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Enthoven |first=Reginald Edward |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Tribes_and_Castes_of_Bombay/FoT6gPrbTp8C?hl=en |title=The Tribes and Castes of Bombay |date=1990 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |isbn=978-81-206-0630-2 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=93: Bhalia - A subdivision of Kolis in Gujarat. |language=en}}</ref> also spelled as '''Bhaliya'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1459&dq=Bhaliya+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjbvemPsNuHAxW0p1YBHb3JGw4Q6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=[[Anthropological Survey of India]] |isbn=978-0-19-563357-3 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=1460 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of the [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] mostly found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Somanaboina |first=Simhadri |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=H5tIEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT443&dq=Bhalia+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQ3oTMq9uHAxWOlFYBHWwIKAw4ChDoAXoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The Routledge Handbook of the Other Backward Classes in India: Thought, Movements and Development |last2=Ramagoud |first2=Akhileshwari |date=2021-11-15 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=978-1-000-46280-7 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |language=en}}</ref> In the census of 1931 in [[Vadodara|Baroda State]], the population of Bhalia Kolis was 27,437 alongwith Ghedia Kolis.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Thakors_of_North_Gujarat/1DBuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=188: Koli population of [[Baroda State]] including Bhalia Kolis, 1931 |language=en}}</ref> The Bhaliya clan is considered as superior clan among Kolis because they ruled over [[Bhal region]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Scheduled_Castes/aRdOAQAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=The Scheduled Castes |date=1995 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-563742-7 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=576 |language=en}}</ref> The Bhalia Kolis got their name from their homeland Bhal region of [[Gujarat]] which was ruled by them and was stronghold for their [[Koli caste#Koli pirates|Koli piracy]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Registrar |first=India Office of the |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Census_of_India_1961/X0awGlWj84cC?hl=en |title=Census of India, 1961 |date=1962 |publisher=Manager of Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=6 |language=en}}</ref> ===Popere Kolis=== The '''Popere''', or '''Popera''' is a [[clan]] of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=10 - 266 |language=en}}</ref> The ruling Koli [[dynasty]] of [[Jawhar State]] belong to the Popere [[clan]] of [[Mahadev Kolis|Mahadev]] [[Koli rebellion|Kolis]] of [[Konkan]] who established the rule over [[Jawhar]] in 1346 by Koli chief [[Jayaba Mukne|Jayaba Popere]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Shibani |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |year=1983 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=29 |language=en}}</ref> They are Agriculturist and noted for the militant spirit.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ralte |first=Lalrinawmi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CGYXb4sksawC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA180&dq=Popera+Koli&hl=en |title=Waging Peace, Building a World in which Life Matters: Festschrift to Honour Gabriele Dietrich |last2=Faria |first2=Stella |date=2004 |publisher=[[ISPCK]] |year=2004 |isbn=978-81-7214-798-3 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=179 - 180 |language=en}}</ref> ===Bokad Kolis=== The '''Bokad''' is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref name=":0" /> They served in the [[Maratha Empire]] and in 1769 - 70, Bokad Kolis received the grants of [[Jagir]] from [[Peshwa]] [[Madhavrao I|Madhavrao i]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year= |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=12 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gāre |first=Govinda |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vZciAAAAMAAJ |title=Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis |date=1976 |publisher=Shubhada Saraswat |year=1976 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=26 |language=en}}</ref> later, they served in [[British Raj|British Indian Empire]] at good positions such as [[Faujdar]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Omvedt |first=Gail |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7Q1uAAAAMAAJ |title=Cultural Revolt in a Colonial Society: The Non Brahman Movement in Western India, 1873 to 1930 |date=1976 |publisher=Scientific Socialist Education Trust |year=1976 |isbn=978-0-88386-922-2 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=141 |language=en}}</ref> ===Thorat Koli=== The '''Thorat Koli'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Verma |first=Balraj |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=53owAQAAIAAJ |title=The Beautiful India - Daman & Diu |date=2006 |publisher=Reference Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-81-8405-022-6 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=10: This prince lost his patrimony in [[Udaipur]] during a [[Muslim]] conquest and moved to the southern direction and , in the process , defeated the [[Koli]] Chief Natort of the Thorat clan of Kolis ) ; in doing so , he conquered a hilly area at ... |language=en}}</ref> ([[Marathi language|Marathi]]: थोरात) is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of [[Koli caste|Koli]] caste found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]] and [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhatt |first=S. C. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=3IWXh-6zDe8C&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA48&dq=Thorat+Koli&hl=en&redir_esc=y |title=Land and people of Indian states and union territories : (in 36 volumes) |date=2005 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-7835-356-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=48 |language=en}}</ref> The Thorat Kolis ruled over [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] till 1262.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gajrani |first=S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=33LiAAAAMAAJ |title=History, Religion and Culture of India |date=2004 |publisher=Isha Books |year=2004 |isbn=978-81-8205-062-4 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=33 |language=en}}</ref> but in 1262, Koli king Nag Thorat was defeated by Ramsing who was a [[Rajput]] from [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lele |first=Purushottam Shripad |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=L0MeAAAAMAAJ |title=Dadra and Nagar Haveli: Past and Present |date=1987 |publisher=Usha P. Lele |year=1987 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=4 |language=en}}</ref> later, Thorat Kolis lived by plundering.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=_wB_aqQ5ZrAC |title=History and Administration of Dharampur State (Prant Ramnagar): From 1262 to 1937 |date=1939 |publisher=President, State Council |year=1939 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=9 |language=en}}</ref> ===Pichad Kolis=== The '''Pichad''' is a [[clan]] of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=12: their forts in Prant [[Surgana]], District [[Nasik]], which was till then in the possession of Kolis. Koli Javji Bambale and bringing him under submission and service to the Peshwa along with his Koli - mates Khade , Bhangare and Pichad of [[Rajur]]. |language=en}}</ref> Pichad Kolis served in [[Maratha Empire]] as [[Subedar]], [[Mansabdar]] and [[Nayak (title)|Nayak]] but in 1776 - 77, they revolted against [[Peshwa]] government because of their deposition from posts but later Pichad kolis enlisted to their posts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=104 |language=en}}</ref> After establishment of [[British Raj|British]] [[Bombay Presidency|rule]] in Maharashtra, Pichad Kolis took up arms against British authorities under their [[Koli rebellion|Koli]] chief '''Balaji Pichad'''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=Neena Ambre |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=J_faAAAAMAAJ |title=Forest Ecology in India: Colonial Maharashtra, 1850-1950 |date=2008 |publisher=Foundation Books |year=2008 |isbn=978-81-7596-549-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=166 |language=en}}</ref> ===Solanki Kolis=== The '''Solanki Koli''' (also spelled as '''Saulanki Koli''') is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] mostly found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian states]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Rajasthan]] and [[Union territory|Union Territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1459&dq=Solanki+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjyhd3s4beGAxU1TWwGHfspA_cQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=[[Anthropological Survey of India]] |isbn=978-0-19-563357-3 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=1459 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Dr. Shibani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=98 |language=en}}</ref> The Solanki Kolis of Gujarat ruled over petty [[Princely state|Princely states]] in Chunval region (now [[Becharaji]]) of Gujarat named as [[Bhankodar|Bhankoda]], Kukvav, Chaniar and Dekavada [[Jagir|jagirs]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond Brady |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rs5JDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |language=en}}</ref> ===Babria (Bavalia) Kolis=== The '''Babria''', or '''Bavlia''' and '''Bavalia''' is a [[clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union Territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sherring |first=Matthew A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U2lehroNx1oC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA307&dq=Babria+Koli&hl=en |title=Hindu Tribes and Castes: As Represented in Benares ; with Illustrations |date=1879 |publisher=[[Thacker]] |pages=307 - 314 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sherring |first=Matthew Atmore |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=JmhDAAAAYAAJ&dq=Babria+Koli&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Babria |title=Hindu Tribes and Castes as Represented in Benares |date=1974 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |year=1974 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=314 |language=en}}</ref> Babria Kolis mostly found in the [[Babariawad]] region of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bartholomew |first=John George |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=v9McAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA29&dq=Babria+Kolis&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHwJTL-4H4AhU56nMBHbKECV8Q6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Babria%20Kolis&f=false |title=Constable's Hand-gazetteer of India |date=1898 |publisher=A. Constable |year=1898 |location=India |language=en}}</ref> the region of Babariawad of Gujarat got his name because of Babria Kolis.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burgess |first=James |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V15BAQAAIAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA12&q=Nawanagar+Kolis&hl=en |title=Report on the Antiquities of Kâṭhiâwâḍ and Kachh, Being the Result of the Second Season's Operations of the Archaeological Survey of Western India, 1874-75 |date=1876 |publisher=India Museum |year=1876 |location=India |pages=12 |language=en}}</ref> They mostly lived by plundering and Their plundering was called as '''Dhang'''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=d. 1917 |first=Whitworth, George Clifford |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7tAOAAAAQAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA84&q=Babria+Kolis&hl=en |title=An Anglo-Indian Dictionary: A Glossary of Indian Terms Used in English, and of Such English Or Other Non-Indian Terms as Have Obtained Special Meanings in India |date=1885 |publisher=Kegan Paul, Trench |year=1885 |location=India |pages=84 |language=en}}</ref> ===Dabhi Kolis=== The '''Dabhi'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=General |first=India (Republic) Office of the Registrar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-McAQAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Census of India, 1961 |date=1967 |publisher=Manager of Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=7: Chunvalia Kolis have 21 principal sub - divisions namely Abasania, Adhgama, Baroga, Basukia, '''Dabhi''', Dhamodia, Dhandhukia, Gohel, Jandaria ... |language=en}}</ref> ([[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]: ડાભી, [[Hindi]]: डाभी) is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Shibani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |year=1983 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=98 |language=en}}</ref> The Kolis of the Dabhi clan ruled over [[Ghorasar]] state during [[British Raj|British rule]] in India.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond Brady |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=rs5JDwAAQBAJ&vq=dabhi+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=The following is a list of the Koli [[Thakor|Thakorda]]s or lordlings in [[North Gujarat]]: the Solankis of Bhankoda, Chaniar, Dekavada, and Kukvav in Chunwal; the Makwanas of Katosan, Jhunjuvara, and Punar, the Rathods of Ghanti and Vaghpur on the banks of the Sabarmati; the '''Dabhis'' of Ghodasar in the Charotar; the Chauhans of Amliara in the Mahi Kantha; and the Vaghelas of Kankrej.... |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1995 |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=139 |language=en}}</ref> ===Makwana Kolis=== The '''Makwana Koli'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perez |first=Rosa Maria |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GDRWAglUumEC&q=Makwana+Koli |title=Kings and Untouchables: A Study of the Caste System in Western India |date=2004 |publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]] |isbn=978-81-8028-014-6 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=71: Three Koli Patel clans live in this village are Chauhan, Makwana and Rathod |language=en}}</ref> also spelled as '''Makawana Koli''', '''Makvana Koli''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kubala |first=Rameśa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qt21AAAAIAAJ |title=Gābīta Kshatriya Āramārī gharāṇyāñcā itihāsa |date=1983 |publisher=Kshatriya Kulāvatãsa Āramārī Marāṭhā Samāja |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=240: The Gazetteer states that the Chief of the State is a Makvana Koli |language=mr}}</ref> '''Makavana Koli''', '''Mukwana Koli''' and '''Mukawana Koli''' is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] mostly found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Shibani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=31: two clans of [[Koli people|Koli]]s are recognised: the Mar and '''Makwana'''. These are exogamous clans referred to as 'atak. Each 'atak' is further subdivided into sub clans referred to as 'gram echap,' in the local dialect. Besides the division of 'sacche Koli' the rest of the 222 'ataks' and those clans name are common to both the |language=en}}</ref> In 1931 census of [[Baroda State]], there were 20,700 Kolis of Makwana clan in the Baroda state's territory.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=188 |language=en}}</ref> Makwana Kolis mostly belong to the [[Hindus|Hindu]] faith but there are members of the community who converted to Islam during the reign of the invading [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] power in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gode |first=Parshuram Krishna |url= |title=Studies in Indian Cultural History |date=1969 |publisher=Vishveshvaranand Vedic Research Institute |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=51 |language=en}}</ref> Makwana Kolis are [[Land tenure|landholders]] and [[agriculturist]] by profession.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vidyabhusana |first=Satis Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6wW1AAAAIAAJ |title=Buddhadeba, arthāt̲, Gautama Buddhera sampūrṇa jībana carita o upadeśa |date=1996 |publisher=Karuṇā Prakāśanī |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=46 |language=bn}}</ref> Here are list of [[Princely State]]s ruled by Makwana Kolis, [[Katosan State]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chakrabarti |first=Jadab Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rpA2AAAAMAAJ&dq=makwana+Koli&pg=PA128 |title=The Native States of India |date=1895 |publisher=Shaw Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=128 |language=en}}</ref> [[Gabat State]]{{sfn|Gode|1969|pp=51}}, [[Punadra|Punadra State]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Department |first=India Foreign and Political |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-80NAAAAIAAJ&dq=makawan+Koli&pg=RA1-PA334 |title=A Collection of Treaties, Engagements, and Sanads Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries |date=1892 |publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=334 |language=en}}</ref> [[Hadol State]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3sEqCW4p2VgC |title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India |date=1985 |publisher=Usha Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=122–123 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Khadal State]]. Muslim Koli, The '''Muslim Makwana''', or '''Musalman Makwana''' (also spelled as '''Makawana''', '''Makvana''', and '''Makavana''') is a [[Muslim Kolis|Muslim Koli]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t9UgAAAAMAAJ |title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India |date=1985 |publisher=Usha Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=261: '''Makwana Kolis''' finally embraced the religion of the Islam. While narrating the rise of the Makwana Kolis it has been stated that Harpal, the son of Keshar Makwana, obtained several villages |language=en}}</ref> [[Caste system in India|caste]] in [[Gujarat]] who were converted to [[Islam]] from [[Hinduism]] during [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] rule in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Assadi |first=Muzaffar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M7HYEAAAQBAJ |title=Colonial and Post-Colonial Identity Politics in South Asia: Zaat/Caste Among Muslims |date=2023-11-24 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=978-1-003-80246-4 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages='''Makwana''' was a caste converted from the '''Hindu Makwana Koli''' tribe, Matias were Leva Kanbis converted by a Sufi saint of Pirana, Memons were those converted in the 15th century from the Luhan. and Kacchías caste. Panjnigara, cotton thread starchers, were converted from the Hindu social order bearing the same name |language=en}}</ref> Muslim Makwana Kolis are descendants of the Hindu Makwana Kolis of [[Chunvalia Koli|Chunval]] region who was converted to Islam and his descendants knows as Muslim Makwana Kolis in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jhala |first=Jayasinhji |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gSZqDwAAQBAJ |title=Genealogy, Archive, Image: Interpreting Dynastic History in Western India, c. 1090-2016 |date=2018-07-19 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |isbn=978-3-11-060129-9 |language=en}}</ref> They were converted to Islam by [[Sultan]] [[Mahmud Begada]] during his reign.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gujarat (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCYbAAAAIAAJ |title=Gujarat State Gazetteers: Kheda District |date=1977 |publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=110: Makwana Koli was converted to Islam by Mahmud Begada ( 1459- 1513 A. D. ) |language=en}}</ref> The Muslim Makwana Kolis follows the bath rituals of Islam and Hinduism like other hindus.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gujarat (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wIxhAAAAIAAJ |title=Gujarat State Gazetteers: Vadodara |date=1974 |publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=125: Makwana Kolis converted to Islam , and like them , observed a mixed Mahomedan and Hindu religions |language=en}}</ref> ===Satav Kolis=== The '''Satav''', or '''Sataw''' is a [[Gotra|clan]] of [[Malhar Koli|Malhar]] [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tribhuwan |first=Robin D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JC-014hKeKAC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA226&dq=Satav+Koli&hl=en |title=Fairs and Festivals of Indian Tribes |date=2003 |publisher=Discovery Publishing House |year=2003 |isbn=978-81-7141-640-0 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |language=en}}</ref> The Satav clan of [[Koli rebellions|Kolis]] was hereditary [[priest]] and responsible for [[Mahalakshmi Temple, Dahanu|Mahalaxmi]] temple of [[Dahanu]] and considered the Mahalakshmi as their clan deity.{{sfn|Tribhuwan|2003|pp=26}} Satav Kolis also served as the royal priest to the rulers of [[Jawhar State]].{{sfn|Tribhuwan|2003|pp=27}} ===Sonwane Kolis=== The '''Sonavane''', or '''Sonawane''' (also spelled as '''Sonvane''' and '''Sonwane''') is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=97 - 100: Clans of Mahadev Kolis: Sonavane, Bhangare, Ashvale, Shinghade, Mali, Shelar |language=en}}</ref> ===Shelkande Kolis=== The '''Shilkande''', or '''Shelkande''' and '''Shilkunda''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of the [[Maharashtra]] and neighbouring Territories.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=99 - 100: Clans of Mahadev Kolis of Maharashtra: Kadam, Rongate, Shilkande, Sabale, Joshi, Mane, Kavale, Pore ...... |language=en}}</ref> The Shilkunda Kolis revolted against [[Peshwa]] ([[Prime Minister of India|Prime minister]] of [[Maratha Empire]]) because of their [[land rights]] and cutoff the head of [[Patil (title)|Patil]] of Chovisi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=104 |language=en}}</ref> ===Satpute Kolis=== The '''Satpute''', or '''Sutpute''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Karve |first=Irawati Karmarkar |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=fRzVAAAAMAAJ |title=Group Relations in Village Community |last2=Damle |first2=Yashwant Bhaskar |date=1963 |publisher=S.M. Katre |year=1963 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=13: As regards the Kolis , there were in all 17 clans. The names of these Koli clans were as follows : -Asvale , Kudekar , Memane , Lohokare , Langhi , Vadekar , Kede , [[Jadhav]] , Satpute, Talape, Lokhande, Supe, Gaware, Kalute, Bhalinge, Bhavari and Yande. |language=en}}</ref> The Kolis of Satpute clan [[Koli rebellions|revolted]] against [[British Raj|British]] rule in [[List of districts of Maharashtra|Maharashtra]] under their [[List of Koli people|Koli]] chief Sakharam Satpute and captured the British offices and plundered the British controlled Territories in [[Konkan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=Neena Ambre |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=J_faAAAAMAAJ |title=Forest Ecology in India: Colonial Maharashtra, 1850-1950 |date=2008 |publisher=Foundation Books |year=2008 |isbn=978-81-7596-549-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=166 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hangloo |first=Rattan Lal |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=nwVuAAAAMAAJ |title=New Themes in Indian History: Art, Politics, Gender, Environment, and Culture |last2=Murali |first2=A. |date=2007 |publisher=[[Black & White]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-89320-15-7 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=391 |language=en}}</ref> ===Charavadia Kolis=== The '''Charavadia''', or '''Charvadia''' and '''Charawadia''' (also spelled as '''Charavadiya''',<ref name=":1" /> '''Charawadiya''', '''Charwadia''' and '''Charvadiya''') is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref name=":0"/> The Charavadia Kolis originated from Bokadthamba village and in 2019, Their population was 700 only and the Bokadthamba village is inhebited by only Charavadia clan of Kolis.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2019-09-14 |title=This is cursed village of Gujarat, people of only one surname live here |url= |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=News Track |language=English}}</ref> Around 1500 A. D., The ruler of [[Wankaner State|Wankaner]] [[Princely state|State]] gave the Bokadthamba village to four [[Chunvalia Koli|Chunvalia]] [[List of Koli people|Koli]] brothers and now Charavadias are descendants of those Koli brothers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ગુજરાતનું એક શ્રાપિત ગામ, જ્યાં અટક બદલતાની સાથે જ થાય છે આવી હાલત |url=http://sandesh.com/gujrat-cursed-bokadthambha-village-every-one-has-charavadia-surname/ |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=sandesh.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ગુજરાતનું એક શાપિત ગામ, 700ની વસ્તી પણ બધાની એક જ અટક! |url=https://www.iamgujarat.com/gujarat/rajkot/village-in-gujarat-where-everyone-has-one-same-surname/articleshow/75915201.cms |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=I am Gujarat |language=gu}}</ref> ===Kokate Kolis=== The '''Kokate''', or '''Kokata'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gāre |first=Govinda |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vZciAAAAMAAJ |title=Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis |date=1976 |publisher=Shubhada Saraswat Publications |year=1976 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=26 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=98: Clans of Mahadev Kolis: Lahure, Kokate, Bhoir, Konkane, Korade, Lote, Pote |language=en}}</ref> in 1776, Kokata Kolis [[Koli rebellions|revolted]] against [[Peshwa]] government in [[Maratha Empire]].<ref name=":0"/> The Kokote Kolis served in [[Maratha Empire]] as [[Subedar]] and [[Faujdar]]. The Koli subedar burnt down the rebellion of [[Gavli|Gavlis]] against Peshwa. ===Kirave Kolis=== The '''Kirave''', or '''Kirve''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]] and neighbouring areas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=kOU9AAAAIAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year= |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=97 - 99 - 103: clans of Mahadev Kolis: Bande, Kirave, Ghode, Popere, Shelke, Bambale |language=en}}</ref> in 1829, The Kolis of Kirwe clan revolted against [[British Raj|British]] rule in [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hassan |first=Syed Siraj ul |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lYSd-3yL9h0C&dq=Kirwa+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions |date=1989 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |year=1989 |isbn=978-81-206-0488-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=333 |language=en}}</ref> ===Kengale Kolis=== The '''Kengale''', or '''Kangle''' ([[Hindi]]: केंगले कोली) is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in the [[Maharashtra]] [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=98 - 99: clans of Mahadev Kolis: Jangale, Kengale, Khade, Gambhire, Kavate, Konkane, Mali..... |language=en}}</ref> The [[List of Koli people|Kolis]] of Kengle clan [[Koli Rebellions|revolted]] against [[British Raj|British]] [[British Army|rule]] and [[Sahu|Sahukars]], or [[Loan|Moneylenders]] in [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] in 1872 to 1876 under their chief.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Krishan |first=Shri |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7sOGAwAAQBAJ&dq=Kengle+Kolis&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Political Mobilization and Identity in Western India, 1934-47 |date=2005-04-07 |publisher=SAGE Publications India |year= |isbn=978-81-321-0208-3 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=146 |language=en}}</ref> ===Bhangare Kolis=== The '''Bhangare''', or '''Bhangre''' is a [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli people|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vidyarthi |first=Lalita Prasad |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=scgz0Uzn64YC&pg=PA163&dq=Bhangare+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiHmbbM74H3AhUPxosBHWHaDEkQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=Bhangare%20Koli&f=false |title=The Tribal Culture of India |last2=Rai |first2=Binay Kumar |date=1977 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |year=1977 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=163 |language=en}}</ref> Bhangare Kolis were granted the villages from [[Peshwa]] and served as [[Patil (title)|Patil]] and [[Deshmukh]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gāre |first=Govinda |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vZciAAAAMAAJ |title=Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis |date=1976 |publisher=Shubhada Saraswat |year=1976 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=26: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis Govinda Gāre. to the grant of jahagirs to the three Mahadeo Koli families , Bhangare , Bamble and Bokad and titles of Patil and Deshmukh by Peshwa |language=en}}</ref> in 1761 for [[Maratha (caste)|Maratha]] [[Maratha Empire|Empire]], Bhangare Kolis along with Pattikar Kolis captured the [[Trymbakgad|Trimbak]] [[Forts in India|fort]] from [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]] [[Princely state|state]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=12: An entry of A.D. 1769-70 in the Diary of [[Madhav rao I]] refers to the grant of villages to three Koli families, Bhangare, Bambale and Bokad, as reward. An entry for the year A.D. 1776-77 in [[Savai Madhavrao]]'s Diary refers to the breaking in of [[Javji Bamble|Jiwaji Bambale]] and bringing him under submission and service to the [[Peshwa]] along with prominent kolis Khade, Bhangare and Pichad of [[Rajur]]. these families those of Bhangare and Khade worked as daring [[Subedar]]s, along with Pattikar brothers of Koli caste, in the conquest from the Nizam, in A.D. 1761, of the fort of Trimbak for the Peshwa. |language=en}}</ref> ===Maliwad Kolis=== The '''Maliwad''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Commissioner |first=India Census |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=CAavHcdbFVwC |title=Census of India, 1931 |date=1933 |publisher=Manager of Publications |year=1933 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=510: Subdivisions of armed Kolis: Khant, Dharala, Maliwad, Damor....... |language=en}}</ref> or '''Malivad''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lal |first=R. B. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4Cy_-FXW9BQC&dq=Maliwad+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Gujarat |date=2003 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=2003 |isbn=978-81-7991-104-4 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=128: Clans of Kolis: Damor, Pagi, Maliwad, Chauhan |language=en}}</ref> During the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Rebellion of 1857]], The Maliwad Kolis of [[Khanpur, Gujarat|Khanpur]] in [[Lunavada State|Lunawara State]] revolted against [[Rana (title)|Rana]] of Lunawada under their Koli [[List of Koli states and clans|chieftain]] Suralmal of Khanpur. Because of [[Koli rebellions|Koli rebellion]], Rana sought help from [[British Raj|British]] government and [[British Indian Army|British troops]] under [[Major]] Buckle attacked at Maliwad Koli rebels and suppressed the rebellions.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ddUgAAAAMAAJ |title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India |date=1985 |publisher=Usha Publications |year=1985 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=819 |language=en}}</ref> In 1870, The Maliwad Kolis again raised and breakdown the peace in the state and British controlled Territories.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gujarat (India) |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=xYNhAAAAIAAJ |title=Gujarat State Gazetteers: Panchmahals |date=1972 |publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State |year=1972 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=130: Maliwads |language=en}}</ref> ===Mer Kolis=== The '''Mer''', or '''Mair'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chanchreek |first=Kanhaiyalal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MD8wAQAAIAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Kshatriyas in Buddha's Age: Ruling Races in Buddhist India |last2=Jain |first2=Mahesh Kumar |date=2008 |publisher=Shree Publishers & Distributors |isbn=978-81-8329-188-0 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=193: They were called at this time Mairs, a clan of Kolees, and [[Sonang Mer|Sonung Mair]] was their leader.... |language=en}}</ref> is a [[Clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond Brady |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rs5JDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Shibani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=31: The 222 ataks (Gotra) of [[Koli people|Koli]]s mentioned in the lineage chart are presumed to have been derived from [[Kshatriya]] clan names or from the names of the village from which the Kolis hail. Moreover, these "ataks' do not exhibit any type of heirarchic sub divisions. All of them have equal status below the Mer and [[Makwana (clan)|Makwana]] ataks (clans). |language=en}}</ref> During the reign of Koli chieftain [[Dhan Mer of Dhandhuka]], Mer Kolis were more powerful.<ref>{{Cite book |url= |title=[[Indian Antiquary]]: A Journal of Oriental Research in Archaeology, History, Literature, Languages, Folklore Etc |date= |publisher=[[Times of India]] |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=194 |language=en}}</ref> Mer Kolis of [[Dhandhuka]] defeated the [[Rajput|Rajputs]] of [[Vallabhi|Vallabhipur]] to restore the peace to the [[Brahmin|Brahmins]] of Vallabhipur.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pfeffer |first=Georg |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NEBLAAAAYAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Contemporary Society: Concept of tribal society |last2=Behera |first2=Deepak Kumar |date=1997 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7022-640-6 |location=[[New Delhi]] [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=199 |language=en}}</ref> ===Khade Kolis=== The '''Khade''', or '''Khare''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=99: Clans of Kolis of Maharashtra: Khade, Khokale, Jangale, Mali, Gode, Talpade, Shilakande |language=en}}</ref> Khade Kolis served in [[Maratha (caste)|Maratha]] [[Maratha Empire|Empire]] as [[Subedar]] and in 1761, Khade Kolis along with [[Bhangare Kolis|Bhangare]] and [[Pattikar Kolis|Pattikar]] [[List of Koli people|Kolis]] captured the [[Trimbak]] fort from [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]] [[Princely state|State]] and annexed in Maratha Empire.{{sfn|Ghurye|1957|pp=12|ps=}} But in 1776 - 77, Khade Kolis revolted against [[Peshwa]] government and captured several of [[Forts in India|forts]] from Peshwa under their Koli leader [[Javji Bamble]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=104 |language=en}}</ref> Khade Kolis were [[Jagir|jahagirdars]] until the Jahagirs were recently abolished after [[Independence of India|Independence]].{{sfn|Ghurye|1957|pp=12|ps=}} They also were [[Inamdar (feudal title)|Inamdars]] and [[Nayak (title)|Naiks]] during Maratha Empire.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Frederick Bruce |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=S9dmbS_n9UEC |title=Adaptation to Colonial Rule by the "wild Tribes" of the Bombay Deccan, 1818-1880: From Political Competition to Social Banditry |date=1978 |publisher=[[University of Minnesota]] |year=1978 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=183 - 239 - 266 |language=en}}</ref> The Khade Kolis revolted against [[British Raj|British]] rule and [[Sahukar]] cheaters under their chief '''Haibati Khade''' and plundered the British controlled territory and [[Loan|Moneylenders]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=Neena Ambre |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=J_faAAAAMAAJ |title=Forest Ecology in India: Colonial Maharashtra, 1850-1950 |date=2008 |publisher=Foundation Books |year=2008 |isbn=978-81-7596-549-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=166 |language=en}}</ref> ===Bambale Kolis=== The '''Bambale''', or '''Bamble'''<ref name=":0"/> is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=97: Clans of Mahadev Kolis: Bambale, Bharmal, Bhojane, Gengje, Langhi, Tambekar, Umbhare |language=en}}</ref> Bambale Kolis served in [[Maratha Empire]] and were received the grants of the [[Jagir|Jagirs]] by [[Peshwa]] [[Madhavrao I]] in 1769 - 70.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gāre |first=Govinda |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vZciAAAAMAAJ |title=Tribals in an Urban Setting: A Study of Socio-economic Impact of Poona City on the Mahadeo Kolis |date=1976 |publisher=Shubhada Saraswat |year=1976 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=26: Bamble |language=en}}</ref> Bambale Kolis served at good positions Such as [[Patil (title)|Patil]], [[Mansabdar]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Frederick Bruce |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=S9dmbS_n9UEC |title=Adaptation to Colonial Rule by the "wild Tribes" of the Bombay Deccan, 1818-1880: From Political Competition to Social Banditry |date=1978 |publisher=[[University of Minnesota]] |year=1978 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=256 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Nayak (title)|Nayak]]<ref name=":0" /> in [[Maratha Empire]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=109 - 120 |language=en}}</ref> ===Chauhan Kolis=== The '''Chauhan'''<ref>{{Cite book|last=Roy|first=Shibani|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ|title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar|date=1983|publisher=Cosmo Publications|year=1983|location=Delhi, India|pages=98|language=en}}</ref> also spelled as '''Chouhan''' and '''Chohan''' is a [[clan]] of the [[Talpada]] and [[Patels|Patel]] [[Koli people|Kolis]] of the [[Gujarat]] and [[Rajasthan]] states in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Perez|first=Rosa Maria|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GDRWAglUumEC&dq=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80&pg=PA71|title=Kings and Untouchables: A Study of the Caste System in Western India|date=2004|publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]]|year=2004|isbn=978-81-8028-014-6|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=71|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Doshi|first=Shambu Lal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WEMkAQAAIAAJ|title=Anthropology of Food and Nutrition|date=1995|publisher=Rawat Publications|year=1995|isbn=978-81-7033-278-7|location=[[Delhi]], India|pages=67|language=en}}</ref> The indian historian ''L. S. Vishwanath'' states that before the [[Independence of India]], Kolis of Chauhan clan made the [[Marital relationship|marital relations]] with poor [[Rajput|Rajputs]] because poor Rajputs were not able to pay heavy burden of [[Dowry]] to marry their daughters so they married with elite Koli families of Chauhan, Rathod and Solanki clans and then Kolis claimed to be [[Kshatriya]] called as Nava Kshatriya.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Vishwanath|first=L. S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ukDAQAAIAAJ|title=Female Infanticide and Social Structure: A Socio-historical Study in Western and Northern India|date=2000|publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation|year=2000|isbn=978-81-7075-057-4|location=New Delhi, India|pages=38|language=en}}</ref> The Chauhan kolis ruled over petty [[Princely state|princely states]] of [[Katosan State|Katosan]] and [[Likhi State|Likhi]] in [[Mahi Kantha Agency]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t9UgAAAAMAAJ|title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India|date=1985|publisher=Usha Publications|year=1985|location=New Delhi, India|pages=64–198|language=en}}</ref> ===Khasia Kolis=== The '''Khasia''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singhji |first=Virbhadra |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=NYK7ZSpPzkUC&dq=Khasia+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=The Rajputs of Saurashtra |date=1994 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=1994 |isbn=978-81-7154-546-9 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=49: The Khasia Kolis near [[Mahuva]] or the [[Thakor|Koli - Thakarda]]s of Gujarat are same |language=en}}</ref> or '''Khasiya'''<ref name=":0" /> is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Dr. Shibani |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |year=1983 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=98: Clans of Kolis of Gujarat: Khamani, Khasia, Khambnani, Khomani, Khoraba, Gabu |language=en}}</ref> The Mahuva was the stronghold or controlled by Khasia Kolis but they were defeated by the [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]] Wakhatsinhji of [[Bhavnagar State]] and their controlled Territories of Mahuva, Kundla, [[Rajula]], [[Gadhada]] and [[Botad]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rajyagor |first=S. B. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-0pAAAAAMAAJ |title=History of Gujarat |date=1982 |publisher=S. Chand Publications |year=1982 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=378: Bhavnagar State under Vakhtsinhaji had conquered, [[Talaja]] from the [[Nawab]] of [[Khambhat]] and the strongholds of [[Mahuva]], Kundla , [[Rajula]], [[Gadhada]] and [[Botad]] from Khasia Kolis who were under nominal protection of Nawab of [[Junagadh]]. |language=en}}</ref> Khasiya Kolis were pirates in Gujarat ocean and lived by piracy.<ref name=":0"/> The Khasia Kolis of Gujarat got their name from Khas village in Ranpur [[Regions of Gujarat|region]] of [[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]] [[List of districts of Gujarat|district]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=DQFnsgkrkG8C |title=The Hind Rajasthan, Or, The Annals of the Native States of India |date=1985 |publisher=Usha Publications |year=1985 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=487 |language=en}}</ref> The Khasia Kolis around [[Mahuva, Bhavnagar|Mahuva]] in [[Gohelwar|Gohilwad]] district, had marital relations with [[Gohil dynasty|Gohils]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=RY1uAAAAMAAJ |title=Division and Hierarchy: An Overview of Caste in Gujarat |last2=Desai |first2=Ishwarlal Pragji |date=1988 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1988 |isbn=978-81-7075-008-6 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=60 |language=en}}</ref> [[Juna Padar]] and [[Shevdivadar]] were ruled by Kolis of Khasia clan<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=c70MAAAAIAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA706&dq=Khasia+Koli&hl=en&redir_esc=y |title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency ... |date=1884 |publisher=Printed at the Government Central Press |language=en}}</ref> ===Pattikar Kolis=== The '''Pattikar''', or '''Patekar''', '''Pattekar''' and '''Patikar''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]] and neighbouring Territories.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=100: Clans of Mahadev Kolis of Maharashtra: Patekar, Padhole, Jadhav, Jadhav, Chaudhary, Gabale.... |language=en}}</ref> In 1761, The Pattikar Kolis with the help of [[Bhangare Kolis|Bhangare]] and [[Khade Kolis|Khade]] [[List of Koli people|Kolis]] captured the [[Forts in India|fort]] of [[Trimbak]] from [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]] [[Princely state|state]] and gave it to [[Peshwa]] ([[Prime Minister of India|Prime minister]]) of [[Maratha Empire]].{{sfn|Ghurye|1957|pp=12|ps=}} They were led by [[Kheroji Pattikar]] who was serving in Maratha Empire and was rewarded with grants of villages and a large sum of money.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=104 |language=en}}</ref> ===Chivhe Kolis=== The '''Chivhe''', or '''Chive'''<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=esAIAAAAQAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA430&dq=Chive+Koli&hl=en&redir_esc=y |title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Poona (3 pts.) |date=1885 |publisher=Government Central Press |language=en}}</ref> is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]]. Chivhe Kolis were [[Nayak (title)|Naiks]] of [[Purandar Fort|Purandar]] [[Forts in India|fort]] served in [[Maratha Empire]] of [[Shivaji]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Guha |first=Sumit |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=KHa7DwAAQBAJ&dq=Chivhe+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=History and Collective Memory in South Asia, 1200–2000 |date=2019-11-01 |publisher=[[University of Washington Press]] |year=2019 |isbn=978-0-295-74623-4 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=93 - 96 - 191 |language=en}}</ref> Chivhe Kolis were soldiers, cultivators and [[Vatandar]] in Maratha Empire and also in [[Bidar Sultanate|Bidar]] [[Deccan sultanates|Sultanate]] and received the title of [[Sarnaik]] from Bidar [[Badshah]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Guha |first=Sumit |url=http://archive.org/details/environmentethni0000guha |title=Environment and ethnicity in India, 1200-1991 |date=1999 |publisher=[[New York]] : [[Cambridge University Press]] |others=Internet Archive |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-521-64078-7 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=110 - 119}}</ref> The Chivhe Kolis of [[Purandar Fort|Purandar]] revolted against the [[Peshwa]] government because of the appointing of new [[Sarnaik]] named Abhaji [[Purandare]] who was a [[Brahmin]] by [[Caste system in India|caste]]. Chivhe Kolis were not in favour of Abhaji Purandare because they were [[Vatandar]] and Purandare was controlling their rights on land. Thereupon, Abhaji Purandare dismissed all of them and appointed fresh fortkeepers. After that 400 Chivhe Kolis entered and captured the fort by killing officers and took control of [[garrison]]. a duty imposed on the surrounding villages. they brought out their weapons and proceeded to seize control of the fort on 7 May 1764. Five days later they took the fort of Rudramal. Interestingly, they appointed a [[Brahman]], Visaji Kesava to superintend affairs within the fort. They also began to appropriate the state and private property in the fort for safe-keeping. [[Peshwa]] [[Raghunath Rao|Raghunathrao]] had went to fort to worship the temple but there peshwa was captured by them. Finally, the garrison despatched horsemen and began to collect tribute from adjoining regions. Reproved for this, Kondaji Naik Chivhe wrote to the Peshwa: ‘''Then how is the master’s fort to be safeguarded by us on empty stomachs?''’; and demanded a years’ pay and pro visions. The infuriated Raghunathrao despatched [[Maratha (caste)|Maratha]] troops to punish the insurgents Kolis but [[Maratha Army|Maratha army]] was unable to enter the fortresses controlled by Chivhe Kolis. Peshwa began seizing the families of the insurgents (Chivhe Kolis), beating and maltreating the women and children, and burning villages.The insurgents were quite aware of the tensions between Raghunathrao and his nephew, and sent a delegation with protestations of loyalty to the camp of [[Madhavrao I|Madhavrao]], then on the [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]] frontier. Raghunathrao’s attempts for repression also failed to the insurgents, who had ‘taken the tiger- hunters’ oath’, and he now decided to win over the garrison to his side by reinstating them.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Guha |first=Sumit |url=http://archive.org/details/environmentethni0000guha |title=Environment and ethnicity in India, 1200-1991 |date=1999 |publisher=[[New York]] : [[Cambridge University Press]] |others=[[Internet Archive]] |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-521-64078-7 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=112 - 114 |language=[[English language|English]]}}</ref> ===Mewasi Kolis=== The '''Mewasi''', or '''Mevasi''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhatnagar |first=Rashmi Dube |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=FK6_l2_TCfgC&dq=Mevasi+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Female Infanticide in India: A Feminist Cultural History |last2=Dube |first2=Renu |last3=Dube |first3=Reena |date=2012-02-01 |publisher=[[State University of New York Press]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-7914-8385-5 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=266 |language=en}}</ref> '''Mehwasi'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Krishan |first=Shri |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=SM9jDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT46&dq=Mehwasi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj38Z6KyZP6AhVSXHwKHYWzDyMQ6AF6BAgFEAE#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Political Mobilization and Identity in Western India, 1934-47 |date=2005-04-07 |publisher=SAGE Publishing India |year=2005 |isbn=978-93-5280-307-1 |location=New Delhi, India |language=en}}</ref> is a Clan (Gotra) of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]]. The Koli chieftains of villages populated by Kolis were titled as ''Mewasi'' because of their rebellious activities against [[List of Maratha Rulers|Maratha]] and [[Mughal emperors|Mughal]] rulers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kohli |first=Atul |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=wAMABAAAQBAJ&dq=Mewasi+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=India's Democracy: An Analysis of Changing State-Society Relations |date=2014-07-14 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-4008-5951-1 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=267 |language=en}}</ref> In that days, Mewasi word was used to describe the unruly, turbulent and violent person but during [[British Raj]], Mewasi was used for Koli chieftains in rebellions against British rule as a hero.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1995 |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=200 |language=en}}</ref> Koli Mewasis liked the independent rule of self so they always fought against their [[Raja|Rajas]], [[Maharaja|Maharajas]] and other rulers. Koli Mewasis often plundered the villages to collect the revenue.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=dwluAAAAMAAJ |title=Dominance and State Power in Modern India: Decline of a Social Order |date=1989 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1989 |isbn=978-0-19-562098-6 |edition=2nd |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=66 |language=en}}</ref> In the fifteenth century , the early [[Sultan|Sultans]] of [[Ahmedabad]] attempted to subjugate the Koli Mehwasis; but they were met with such a sturdy resistance from those chiefs, who were naturally helped by the wild nature of their Koli chiefs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Patel |first=Govindlal Dalsukhbhai |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=c3kuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Indian Land Problem and Legislation |date=1954 |publisher=N. M. Tripathi |year=1954 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=78 |language=en}}</ref> Firozkhan II ruled at [[Palanpur State|Palanpur]] from 1707-1719, during which period he attacked and took [[Tharad]] which was ruled by Koli chieftain, subdued the Koli Mewasis of Sur Bhakhri, Kidotar and [[Dabhel|Dabhela]] and extended his territory.<ref>{{Cite book |url= |title=The Palanpur Agency Directory |date=1919 |publisher= |year=1919 |edition=2nd |location=[[Mumbai]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]] |pages=20 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Rewa Kantha Agency|Rewakantha]] settlements were made during the regime of [[Sayaji Rao I Gaekwad|Sayajirao]]. these areas were constantly disturbed by the depredations of the Koli Mehwasis, and the maintenance of law and order in these areas became a challenge for Baroda government.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kamerkar |first=Mani |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=zmMfAAAAMAAJ |title=British Paramountcy: British-Baroda Relations, 1818-1848 |date=1980 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=1980 |isbn=978-0-940500-75-4 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=33 |language=en}}</ref> Here are some prominent subclans of Koli Mewasis: [[Baria]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Patel |first=Govindlal Dalsukhbhai |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=L0A_AAAAIAAJ |title=Agrarian Reforms in Bombay: The Legal and Economic Consequences of the Abolition of Land Tenures |date=1950 |publisher=the Author |year=1950 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=50 |language=en}}</ref> The villages which were ruled or controlled by rebellious [[List of Koli people|Koli]] chieftains and inhabited by turbulent Kolis were called ''Mewasi Villages'' by [[Mughal emperors|Mughal]] rulers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=zePZAAAAMAAJ |title=Exploring India's Rural Past: A Gujarat Village in the Early Nineteenth Century |date=2002 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-19-565732-6 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=28 |language=en}}</ref> The Barmuvada, Chhapra, Khumarwad were most notable Mewasi villages and their Koli chieftains were recieving ''Giras'' dues from Radhvanaj rulers.{{sfn|Shah|2002|pp=39}} The [[British Raj|British]] government always faced the trouble in Mehwasi areas and used the troops to collect the annual revenue.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gidwani |first=Vinay Krishin |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7B5NAQAAMAAJ |title=Fluid Dynamics: An Essay on Canal Irrigation and the Processses of Agrarian Change in Matar Taluka (Gujarat). India |date=1996 |publisher=[[University of California, Berkeley]] |year=1996 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=165 - 167 |language=en}}</ref> ===Baria Kolis=== The '''Baria Koli''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Enthoven |first=Reginald Edward |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=FoT6gPrbTp8C&pg=PA65&dq=Baria+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiSornIiPL2AhVESWwGHV7oDUc4ZBDoAXoECAgQAw#v=onepage&q=Baria%20Koli&f=false |title=The Tribes and Castes of Bombay |date=1990 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |year=1990 |isbn=978-81-206-0630-2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=65 |language=en}}</ref> or '''Baraiya,'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yājñika |first=Acyuta |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=wmKIiAPgnF0C&pg=PA304&dq=Baraiya+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiI1pjfj_L2AhUs4zgGHZHwAEQQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Baraiya%20Koli&f=false |title=The Shaping of Modern Gujarat: Plurality, Hindutva, and Beyond |last2=Sheth |first2=Suchitra |date=2005 |publisher=[[Penguin Books India]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-14-400038-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=304 |language=en}}</ref> '''Bareeya'''<ref name=":1"/> and '''Bariya'''<ref name=":0"/> is a [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|clan]] of the [[List of Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian State]] of [[Gujarat]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=A community called Koli - Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/a-community-called-koli------------------------/214908/ |access-date=2022-04-01 |website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref> and [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gopal |first=Krishna |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pQfgAAAAMAAJ |title=Fairs and Festivals of India: Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra |date=2003 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |year=2003 |isbn=978-81-212-0811-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=35 |language=en}}</ref> the [[Devgadh Baria|Devgad Baria]] was their Stronghold or given their name to [[Baria State]] in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Desai |first=Anjali H. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=gZRLGZNZEoEC&dq=Baria+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=India Guide Gujarat |date=2007 |publisher=India Guide Publications |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-9789517-0-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=184 |language=en}}</ref> according to the historian '''Y.V.S Nath''', the ruling royal family of [[Baria State]] is original [[Koli people|Koli]] by caste but later they claimed to be of [[Rajput]] origin to be in high status among other [[Princely State]]s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nath |first=Y. V. S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=eXEbAAAAMAAJ |title=Bhils of Ratanmal: An Analysis of the Social Structure of a Western Indian Community |date=1960 |publisher=[[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]] |year=1960 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=65: presence in these regions, by explaining that they came in the wake of the founders of the present ruling houses of Bariya State and other estates in the area. The latter however claim to be Rajputs today, though the local traditions give them a Koli extraction." Till recently, most of the thakurdari and ankadi rights in these States were held by Bariya Kolis. Some of them even claim kinship with the Rulers of Baria and the Thakurs of Ratanmal. |language=en}}</ref> According to the census records of 1931, there were 1,03,769 [[Hindus|Hindu]] Baria Kolis and 5 Baria Kolis were converted to [[Jainism|Jain]] [[Religion in India|religion]] in the [[Baroda State]] of [[Gaekwad dynasty|Gaekwars]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1995 |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=188 |language=en}}</ref> The Baria Kolis got their name from the [[Devgadh Baria]] of Gujarat and it was their Stronghold as well as they were lawless and turbulent people.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=RY1uAAAAMAAJ |title=Division and Hierarchy: An Overview of Caste in Gujarat |last2=Desai |first2=Ishwarlal Pragji |date=1988 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1988 |isbn=978-81-7075-008-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=7 |language=en}}</ref> Historically, the Baria Kolis were well known [[Koli piracy in India|pirates]] of Gujarat and the [[Piram Island|Piram]] [[island]] of Gujarat was stronghold of Baria Koli pirates but later they were defeated by [[Mokhadaji Gohil]] in 1325.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singhji |first=Virbhadra |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=NYK7ZSpPzkUC&dq=Baria+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=The Rajputs of Saurashtra |date=1994 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=1994 |isbn=978-81-7154-546-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=39 |language=en}}</ref> [[Rawal]] [[Bhavsinhji II|Bhavsinhji]] of [[Bhavnagar State|Bhavnagar]] died in 1764, leaving behind him five sons, and the eldest of and these, Akherajji I, succeeded as Ruler of the State. At this juncture the fort of [[Talaja, Bhavnagar|Talaja]] was in the hands of Baria Koli pirates, a ment lawless band of pirates who infested the western littoral from [[Cambay State|Cambay]] to the [[Indus River|Indus]]. Their unjust exactions pressed so heavily upon merchants in that locality that the large trade previously carried on was almost entirely ruined, even British ships falling ment then sent [[Troop|troops]], which were assisted by Rawal Akherajji and his army, and it was their combined forces which captured the stronghold of Talaja and defeated the Baria clan of Koli pirates.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bond |first=J. W. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=47sfj8DUwNgC&dq=Baria+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey |last2=Wright |first2=Arnold |date=2006 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-81-206-1965-4 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=371 - 376 |language=en}}</ref> During the [[British Raj|British]] Raj in Gujarat, The Baria Kolis were holders of Vanta lands (private estates).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Clark |first=Alice Whitcomb |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PQFtAAAAMAAJ |title=Central Gujarat in the Nineteenth Century: The Integration of an Agrarian System |date=1979 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin--Madison]] |year=1979 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=354 - 355 |language=en}}</ref> the Bariya Kolis were formerly known as Bandits because of their anti-social activities but later settled as agriculturist in villages.<ref name=":0" /> Around 1950, Kolis of Baria clan joined the [[Gujarat Kshatriya Sabha]] which was started by Koli elite [[Natwarsinh Solanki]] for upliftment of Koli society.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghosh |first=Buddhadeb |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=zleOAAAAMAAJ |title=State Politics and Panchayats in India |last2=Kumar |first2=Girish |date=2003 |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |year=2003 |isbn=978-81-7304-487-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=95 |language=en}}</ref> after joining the Sabha, Baria Kolis were not in conflicts against [[Rajput|Rajputs]] but Kolis of [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] didn't joined the Sabha because they think that [[Patidar]] is not our enemy and we don't need Rajputs to be called as [[Kshatriya]].<ref name=":1" /> ===Shial Kolis=== The '''Shial''', or '''Shiyal''' is a [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]]. They were noted [[Koli piracy in Gujarat|pirates]] of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond Brady |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=rs5JDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PT94&dq=Shials+Kolis&hl=en&redir_esc=y |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |language=en}}</ref> Shial Kolis defeated and captured the Shial island from [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]] [[Portuguese India Armadas|India]] and make it their stronghold along with [[Chanch, Gujarat|Chanch]] but later they were defeated by [[Nawab]] of [[Janjira State|Janjira]] and [[Jafarabad State|Jafrabad]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Department |first=Great Britain Hydrographic |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=jIZKh-zoF-0C&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA36&dq=Shial+Kolis&hl=en&redir_esc=y |title=The West India Pilot |date=1987 |publisher=J. D. Potter. |year=1987 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=36 |language=en}}</ref> during the [[World War I]], they were enlisted as soldiers in [[British Indian Army]] by [[British Raj|British Indian government]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Duk2AQAAMAAJ |title=A Short Record of Bombay Recruiting During the Great War |date=1919 |publisher=Printed at the Government Central Press |year=1919 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=17 |language=en}}</ref> The Shial Kolis got their name from the Shial [[island]] situated at south coast of [[Kathiawar]].<ref name=":0"/> == Titles (Upadhi) == === Koli Khedut === The '''Khedut''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1457&dq=Khedut+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiLz8zJhMeHAxUNk1YBHeHkFvAQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-0-19-563357-3 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=1457 |language=en}}</ref> or '''Khedoot''' is a [[Title|term]] or [[Indian honorifics|title]] used for the [[Koli caste|Koli]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Silverberg |first=James |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Peasant_Behavior_and_Its_Caste_relevancy/bvA0AQAAIAAJ?hl=en |title=Peasant Behavior and Its Caste-relevancy: The Kolis of Kasandra |date=1962 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin]] |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=147 |language=en}}</ref> [[caste]] of [[Gujarat]] who were traditional [[farmer]] and [[Peasant|peasants]] or [[Landlord|landlords]] [[Koli rebellion|Kolis]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chand |first=Faquir |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lS-vD6l8cO8C&pg=PP19&dq=Khedut+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiLz8zJhMeHAxUNk1YBHeHkFvAQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=People of India: Daman and Diu |last2=Sinha |first2=N. K. |date=1992 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7154-762-3 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kumar Suresh |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/People_of_India/1lZuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=People of India: India's communities |date=1998 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-0-19-563354-2 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=1775: They are non-vegetarian and their staple food includes bajra, rice and fish. The Koli have three endogamous divisions based on occupation, namely Macchi Koli, '''Khedut Koli''' and [[Kadia (term)|Kadia Koli]]. |language=en}}</ref> During the [[British Raj]] in [[India]], The Koli Kheduts of [[Nawanagar State|Navanagar State]] were worstly affected by the high rates of interest by [[Loan|moneylenders]] of [[Navanagar]] Riyasat for the loan given by them to Koli Kheduts for agriculture.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gujarat (India) |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Gazetteers_Jamnagar_District/jUZuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Gazetteers: Jamnagar District |date=1970 |publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=264 |language=en}}</ref> The Khedut Kolis was represented and uplifted by their '''Gujarat Koli Khedut Samaj''' organisation till 1967 along with other castes such as [[Rajput|Rajputs]], landowning [[Bhil|Bhils]] and poor [[Patidar|Patidars]] in minor numbers but in 1969 [[Indira Gandhi]] of [[Indian National Congress]] party Introduced the [[KHAM theory]] as vaste politics for [[Koli Patel|Koli]], [[Dalit|Harijan]], [[Adivasi]] and [[Muslims]] with a [[Koli rebellion against Maratha empire|Koli]] leader [[Madhav Singh Solanki|Madhavsinh Solanki]] and mobilized the [[Other Backward Class]] Kolis to form the [[Government of Gujarat|government in Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kumar |first=Pramod |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Polluting_Sacred_Faith/v4raAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Polluting Sacred Faith: A Study on Communalism and Violence |date=1992 |publisher=Ajanta Publications |isbn=978-81-202-0370-9 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=158 |language=en}}</ref> The meaning of the Khedut is peasant of farmer which is called as Kisaan in [[hindi]] [[Languages of India|language]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bayly |first=Susan |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=HbAjKR_iHogC&pg=PA385&dq=Khedut+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiLz8zJhMeHAxUNk1YBHeHkFvAQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age |date=2001-02-22 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-79842-6 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=385 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Feeding_the_Baniya/8EsfAQAAIAAJ?hl=en |title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India |date=1996 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-563956-8 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=XV |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Darbar === The '''Darbar''', '''Durbar''' or '''Darbar Sahib''' is a [[honorific]] [[title]] of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref name=":0"/> During the reign of [[Maratha Empire]] and [[British Raj|British Indian Empire]], Koli Darbars were petty rulers of several villages and jagirs and known as '''Pallavi Darbar Sahib''' and '''[[Thakor|Koli Thakor]]''' for their landholdings.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Raymond Brady |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rs5JDwAAQBAJ&q=Palavi+Darbars+Koli |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=In north Gujarat certain Kolis are located and are classed as '''Palavi Darbars''' in social usage and '''Koli Thakors''' in official records. they were chieftains of one or more villages in the Maratha and British regimes. The [[Chunvalia Koli]]s have twenty-one sub-divisions |language=en}}</ref> The Kolis who were enjoying the power called '''Koli Darbar''' often use ''Sang'', ''Singh'' and ''Sinh'' as their middle name.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1995 |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=139:[[Koli people|Koli]]s enjoying power were called '''Koli Darbar'''. Generally the name of a member of this stratum ends with the suffix sang, [[singh]], or sinh (literally, lion) as for instance, Takhesang, Jashvantsingh, and Fulsinh |language=en}}</ref> according to the [[Harald Tambs-Lyche]], the Kolis who respected as '''Darbar Sahib''' were not agriculturist like other Khedut Kolis (Farmer Kolis) of Gujarat and generally follow the [[Kshatriya]] ways of Koli society.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tambs-Lyche |first=Harald |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ntuAAAAMAAJ |title=Power, Profit, and Poetry: Traditional Society in Kathiawar, Western India |date=1996-12-31 |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-7304-176-1 |location=[[New Delhi]], India, Asia |pages=132 |language=en}}</ref> The Koli Darbars of north [[Gujarat]] made several vast gathering under their '''''Koli society organisations''''' to uplift their society and educational interests.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url= |title=Mobility among Koli kshatriyas |date=1989 |publisher=Hindustan Publication Corporation |year=1989 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=184:The Koli Darbars of north Gujarat have begun their own conventions for bringing about social reform, educational uplift, and economic well-being in their own circles. One such meeting was held at Bahucharaji on |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Maratha === The '''Maratha Koli'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA561&dq=Maratha+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjwmcf--fWGAxUYdmwGHebVBVY4WhDoAXoECAoQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-0-19-563357-3 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] in [[Maharashtra]] who fought for [[Maratha Empire|Maratha Confederacy]] during the [[Maratha dynasty|Maratha ruler]] [[Shivaji]] and for their bravery, Shivaji recognised them as [[Maratha Koli|Maratha]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sadasivan |first=S. N. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Be3PCvzf-BYC&pg=PA245&dq=Sultan+Kolis&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjujrGP6euCAxUhSGwGHRntC784KBDoAXoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=A Social History of India |date=2000 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7648-170-0 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=245: Sivaji was given unstinted support for his military operations by the swordsmen belonging to the Hill [[Koli people|Koli]]s of [[Bavan Maval|Mawal]] who were made later on Marathas by him. The Brahmins did not protest at this upgradation because in spite of their conversion, the Hill Kolis remained as Sudras within the Sudras. |language=en}}</ref> according to the '''[[Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency|District Gazetteer of Thane]]''' from 1882, The elite or respectable Koli families were called as Maratha Koli in Maharashtra.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hansen |first=Thomas Blom |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Bf5ZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA31&dq=Maratha+Kolis&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjPidrP_PWGAxX0SmwGHdpHCdU4ChDoAXoECAgQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Wages of Violence: Naming and Identity in Postcolonial Bombay |date=2018-06-05 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn=978-0-691-18862-1 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=31 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hansen |first=Thomas Blom |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=iRAj9NnMdYgC&pg=PA31&dq=Maratha+Kolis&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjPidrP_PWGAxX0SmwGHdpHCdU4ChDoAXoECAQQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Violence in Urban India: Identity Politics, 'Mumbai', and the Postcolonial City |date=2005 |publisher=[[Permanent Black]] |isbn=978-81-7824-120-3 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Bandkari === The '''Bandkari''', or '''Bundkari''' is a [[title]] conferred to the [[Koli caste|Koli]] chief of [[Dacoity|dacoits]] or [[Revolution|revolutionaries]] of [[Maharashtra]] till 1960.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=96 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Krishan |first=Shri |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7sOGAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA146&dq=Bandkaris+Kolis&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwioqvqnwfT2AhW7RmwGHatMCqwQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=Bandkaris%20Kolis&f=false |title=Political Mobilization and Identity in Western India, 1934-47 |date=2005-04-07 |publisher=SAGE Publications India |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-321-0208-3 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=146 |language=en}}</ref> if a person pleasure the Koli heros call them as '''Bandkari''' but when want to degrade calls them '''Daku'''.{{sfn|Hardiman|2007|p=140}} ==== Origin ==== The meaning of Bandkari is revolutionary or leader of [[Koli rebellion|revolt]]. The ''Band'', or ''Bund'' means revolt (rebellion) and ''Kari'' means leader or a person of position.{{sfn|Hardiman|2007|p=102}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=8EsfAQAAIAAJ |title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India |last2=Hardiman |first2=Professor of History David |date=1996 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-19-563956-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=Xiii |language=en}}</ref> According to a [[19th century]] [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-[[English language|English]] [[dictionary]], Band meant either [[Rebellion|insurrection]], [[sedition]], or an [[Insurgency|insurgent]], a rebel. A 'Bandkhorvala' or 'Bandkari' was a [[Rebellion|rebellious]] person. Until the 19th century, the title appears to have been associated exclusively with revolts against the [[Princely state|state]] or other ruling powers. Revolts by Mahadev Kolis were all described as Bands. [[List of districts of Maharashtra|Regions]] which were outside the control of the [[Maratha Koli|Maratha]] [[Maratha Empire|state]] were known as 'Bandi Mulk'. During the course of the nineteenth century, the title evolved, being associated increasingly with the activities of [[Peasant|peasants]] rebelling against social oppression. Today, the people of the mountain regions describe the Koli outlaws as Bandkaris. This is not a word that appears in the nineteenth-century records. The title is applied now not so much to a rebel against the state, but to a person who has put himself outside the law to fight the social oppressors of his caste. He thus enjoys the support of the caste as a whole. In this, the Bandkari is distinguished today from the [[Daku]], or dacoit, who is seen as being involved in illegal activities primarily for his own gain, and who does not enjoy popular support. In English. we may say that the contrast, as it now exists, is between the social bandit, as defined by [[Eric Hobsbawm]], and the mere 'robber' or 'thief who belongs to a professional underworld. When outsiders wish to denigrate the heroes of the Kolis, they call them Dakus. In this section of the essay, I shall examine the tradition of the Band in the pre colonial and early colonial periods, seeing how it had begun to change by 1830, and then go on in the following section to see how this tradition fed into the revolt of Raghu Bhangare.{{sfn|Hardiman|2007|p=102}} ==== Diffrence between Bandkari and Dacoit ==== The Bandkari is thus different from the dacoits of the professional underworld. Intrinsic to the varying significance is a complex interplay of power, benefit and dissent with agenda and alliances of convenience. * Dacoits looted the people for their livelihood but a Bandkari looted only rich or bad people. * Dacoits collected the looted goods for self but a Bandkari distribute the looted goods in needed or poor people. * Dacoits generally attacked the people but a Bandkari plundered the rich or high profile person in response to punish him. === Koli Dharala === The '''Dharala''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yājñika |first=Acyuta |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=wmKIiAPgnF0C&pg=PA304&dq=Dharala+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi8lcvTn_j2AhU53jgGHY33CksQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=Dharala%20Koli&f=false |title=The Shaping of Modern Gujarat: Plurality, Hindutva, and Beyond |last2=Sheth |first2=Suchitra |date=2005 |publisher=[[Penguin Books India]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-14-400038-8 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=304 |language=en}}</ref> or '''Dhurala''' is a [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|title]] used by [[List of Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] of [[Gujarat]], [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|Dadar and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]] who were professional soldiers and were experts in sword fighting.<ref name=":0"/> during the [[British Raj]] in India, the 80% of the total population of of Kolis in [[Kheda district]] were Dharala.<ref name=":0" /> the Koli Dharalas plundered the [[British Raj|British]] trading ships because they were turbulent and considered as bad tribe.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drew |first=John |date=2021-12-06 |title=The Christmas the Kolis took to cricket |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/views/in-focus/news/the-christmas-the-kolis-took-cricket-2910376 |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> the Koli Dharalas also served in [[British Indian Army]] as trackers and village guard and were occasionally used as soldiers in wartime by British government in return of sum.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=Jyotindra |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=nuPWAAAAMAAJ |title=Folk Art and Culture of Gujarat: Guide to the Collection of the Shreyas Folk Museum of Gujarat |last2=Gujarat |first2=Shreyas Folk Museum of |date=1980 |publisher=Shreyas Prakashan |year=1980 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=133 |language=en}}</ref> The most of the Koli Dharalas were from [[Patanvadia Koli|Patanvadia]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tambs-Lyche |first=Harald |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5ntuAAAAMAAJ |title=Power, Profit, and Poetry: Traditional Society in Kathiawar, Western India |date=1996-12-31 |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-7304-176-1 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=130: a significant number of Patanvadia Kolis were Dharala in kaira district |language=en}}</ref> [[Talapada Koli|Talapada]] subcaste of Kolis eho were prosperous and respected in society and ruled over petty [[Princely State]]s during British regime.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Saṅghavī |first=Nagīnadāsa Purushottamadāsa |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=zDRwAAAAMAAJ |title=Gujarat: A Political Analysis |date=1995 |publisher=[[Centre for Social Studies]] |year=1995 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=71:Dharala Koli who were of Talapada subcaste of Koli caste - s are the most prosperous group amongst the community and enjoy the highest status within the community because a few of them were petty princes during the British regime . A group of castes ( 25 % ) of Hindus ... |language=en}}</ref> ==== Dharala Vero ==== The Dharala Vero was a type of tax collected by Kolis of Gujarat to allowed the other caste people to live in their villages.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Clark |first=Alice Whitcomb |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=dzNtAAAAMAAJ |title=Central Gujarat in the Nineteenth Century: The Integration of an Agrarian System |date=1979 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin--Madison]] |year=1979 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=72 |language=en}}</ref> in 1920, the [[Mahatma Gandhi|Mahatma]] [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhi]] tried to reform the Koli Dharalas to get ride of Anti social activities such as gang Robberies and tax collection from other caste people.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lzWFAAAAIAAJ |title=Peasant Nationalists of Gujarat: Kheda District, 1917-1934 |date=1981 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1981 |isbn=978-0-19-561255-4 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=174 |language=en}}</ref> ==== Origin or meaning ==== The title of Dharala is taken from the '''Dhar''' (Sharpness) of a sword's edge. Dharala means experts of sword fighting.{{sfn|Chaturvedi|2007|p=30}} ==== Clans ==== The most of the Koli Dharalas were belong to the [[Baria Koli|Baria]] clan of Kolis.{{sfn|Clark|1979|p=138}} === Koli Deshmukh === The '''Deshmukh''' is a [[Indian honorifics|title]] used by the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] of [[Maharashtra]]. The ruling royal [[List of Koli people|Koli]] of [[Surgana State]] held the title of Deshmukh respectively.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lethbridge |first=Sir Roper |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7iOsNUZ2MXgC&pg=PA521&lpg=PA521&dq=Deshmukh+Koli&source=bl&ots=Zl3ggwjgwV&sig=ACfU3U0apb8D2PDM5dwv6U8EUCrDKfIRXw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjyrI7KuvD2AhXrTGwGHSh6AQw4PBDoAXoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=Deshmukh%20Koli&f=false |title=The Golden Book of India: A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and Other Personages, Titled Or Decorated of the Indian Empire |date=2005 |publisher=Aakar Books |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-87879-54-1 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=521 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Waghmare |first=Abhishek |date=2018-04-14 |title=Why Maharashtra farmers walked 170 km and how their strike played out |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/how-the-maharashtra-farmers-strike-played-out-and-why-they-walked-170-km-118041100370_1.html |access-date=2022-03-31}}</ref> the title Deshmukh mostly used by Mahadev Kolis who ruled over several [[Princely state|Princely States]] before [[Indian independence movement|Independence of India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |date=1957 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=103 |language=en}}</ref> most of the influenced Koli families conferred the titles of Deshmukh, [[Patwari|Patvari]] and [[Patel]] by ruler of their territories.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Provinces (India) |first=Central |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4ScmAQAAIAAJ |title=Akola |date=1910 |publisher=Printed at the [[Pioneer Press]] |year=1910 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=116: Kshatriya Kolis are those who belong to deshmukh , patel , or patwāri families , while the rāja , royal , subdivision includes the Rāja of Jawhār in Bombay Presidency. |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Patil === The '''Patil'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kumar Suresh |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4bfmnmsBfQ4C&pg=PA1884&dq=Patil+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv9IuN_fr5AhXpFLcAHcoPBW4Q6AF6BAgJEAE#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Maharashtra |last2=Bhanu |first2=B. V. |last3=India |first3=Anthropological Survey of |date=2004 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=2004 |isbn=978-81-7991-102-0 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=1884 |language=en}}</ref> also known as '''Gaonpatil''' and '''Sarpatil'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Punekar |first=Vinaja B. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=VOU9AAAAIAAJ |title=The Son Kolis of Bombay |date=1959 |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1959 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=301 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[Indian honorifics|title]] used by [[Koli people|Koli]] chiefs of villages in [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardiman |first=David |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QNA-AQAAIAAJ |title=Histories for the Subordinated |date=2007 |publisher=[[Seagull Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-905422-38-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=132 - 133: A Koli Patil of his own village of Devgaon let him, Bhau Dungar and Khundu Sable hide out in a cattle shed which he kept in the mountains of Baglan, on the border with Khandesh. In September , after the monsoon was over, Raghu ... |language=en}}</ref> the [[Janjira State|Janjira]] island was built and fortified by Koli chieftain [[Ram Patil]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ali |first=Shanti Sadiq |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-3CPc22nMqIC&pg=PA158&dq=Patil+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv9IuN_fr5AhXpFLcAHcoPBW4Q6AF6BAgBEAE#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times |date=1996 |publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]] |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=158 |language=en}}</ref> Koli Patils sometimes called as '''Gaonpatil''' which means 'village head' and it is found among both [[Hindus|Hindu]] and [[Koli Christians|Christian Kolis]]. Patil is hereditary title to the Koli families of Maharashtra.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Kalpana |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=6RJWYfvHBCQC&pg=PA43&dq=Patil+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv9IuN_fr5AhXpFLcAHcoPBW4Q6AF6BAgFEAE#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Rediscovering Dharavi: Stories from Asia's Largest Slum |date=2000 |publisher=[[Penguin Books India]] |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-14-100023-7 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=43 |language=en}}</ref> In Koli society, there were several types of Patil<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Frederick Bruce |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=S9dmbS_n9UEC |title=Adaptation to Colonial Rule by the "wild Tribes" of the Bombay Deccan, 1818-1880: From Political Competition to Social Banditry |date=1978 |publisher=[[University of Minnesota]] |year=1978 |location=New Delhi, India |language=en}}</ref> * Police Patil: Police Patil was a service position in Kolis during [[British Raj]] and [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] rule. Kolis who were serving as in-charge of police knowns as Police Patil.{{sfn|Sharma|1978|pp=148}} * Zemidar Patil: the Kolis who were village headman or landlord were known as [[Zamindar|Zemidar]] Patil. They recieved the grants of villages from rulers for their services in [[Princely state|Princely states]], kingdoms and [[Deccan sultanates|Sultanates]].{{sfn|Sharma|1978|pp=149}} * Samajik Patil: the Koli people who were responsible to maintain order in Koli society and promote their problems were called as Samajik Patil.{{sfn|Sharma|1978|pp=317}} Kolis of Maharashtra served in Maratha Empire and a Koli Patil who was naval chief in [[Maratha Navy]] named [[Laya Sarpatil|Laya]] was honoured by [[Shivaji]] with the title of [[Patil (surname)|Sarpatil]] and grants of villages for his courageous actions and [[Siddi|Siddis]] of [[Murud-Janjira|Janjira]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khandpekar |first=Neeta M |date=September 2018 |title=India's Maritime History: Sea-faring groups and Maritime Icons |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327829489_India%27s_Maritime_History_Sea-faring_groups_and_Maritime_Icons |journal=Reasearchgate |via=[[University of Mumbai]]}}</ref> === Koli Patel === The '''Patel'''<ref name=":0"/> is a [[Surname]] of the [[Koli people|Koli]] caste of [[Gujarat]] in [[India]] which have most importance in the [[Politics of Gujarat]] and Koli Patels of [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] was most benefited under the rule of [[Indian National Congress]] party.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhatt|first=Himansshu|last2=Nov 23|first2=Melvyn Thomas / TNN /|last3=2012|last4=Ist|first4=23:07|title=Koli Patels have their say in south Gujarat {{!}} Surat News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/koli-patels-have-their-say-in-south-gujarat/articleshow/17341369.cms|access-date=2021-09-07|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Desai|first=Akshayakumar Ramanlal|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Ubk4qXLI9AQC&dq=Koli+Patel&source=gbs_navlinks_s|title=State and Repressive Culture: A Case Study of Gujarat|last2=D'Costa|first2=Wilfred|date=1994|publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=1994|isbn=978-81-7154-702-9|location=New Delhi, India|pages=12|language=en}}</ref> Koli Patels are recognised as a [[Other Backward Class]] caste by [[Government of Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Baviskar|first=B. S.|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PLmGAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA417&lpg=PA417&dq=Koli+Patel&source=bl&ots=gSFhy7ghbp&sig=ACfU3U2eWW_dBloSAmqsXEBEXk7VNrIUrw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjgqoHT6OzyAhUY7XMBHfeWCDw4RhDoAXoECBwQAg#v=onepage&q=Koli%20Patel&f=false|title=Inclusion and Exclusion in Local Governance: Field Studies from Rural India|last2=Mathew|first2=George|date=2009-01-14|publisher=SAGE Publications India|year=2009|isbn=978-81-321-0089-8|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=416 - 17|language=en}}</ref> Koli Patels are [[Agriculturist]] by profession and own the high [[Landed property|landholding]] in villages.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Baumgartner|first=Ruedi|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ndRjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT227&lpg=PT227&dq=Koli+Patel&source=bl&ots=AIoJM0CJUd&sig=ACfU3U2AzB9PuamsiigdVW5B0TINaf8nbA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi30IyZ6uzyAhVnILcAHUFtCmg4WhDoAXoECBYQAg#v=onepage&q=Koli%20Patel&f=false|title=In Search of Sustainable Livelihood Systems: Managing Resources and Change|last2=Hogger|first2=Ruedi|date=2004-08-10|publisher=SAGE Publishing India|isbn=978-93-5280-266-1|language=en}}</ref> Koli Patels also call himself as [[Mandhatri|Mandhata]] [[Patel]] and Mandhata Koli Patel and those who have migrated to [[East Africa]] are Businessman and civil servants.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hahlo|first=Ken|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=UKybDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT113&lpg=PT113&dq=Koli+Patels&source=bl&ots=TvX012f7xa&sig=ACfU3U3w8Ld3LIzem2UWQ6WMrYFtnDdoCg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwirkKul8OzyAhUs4nMBHR9mAJE4RhDoAXoECBYQAg#v=onepage&q=Koli%20Patels&f=false|title=Communities, Networks and Ethnic Politics|date=2018-08-10|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2018|isbn=978-0-429-86435-3|location=India|language=en}}</ref> ==== Clans ==== Some of the well known Clans of Koli Patels are here.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Perez|first=Rosa Maria|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=GDRWAglUumEC&dq=Koli+Patel&source=gbs_navlinks_s|title=Kings and Untouchables: A Study of the Caste System in Western India|date=2004|publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]]|year=2004|isbn=978-81-8028-014-6|location=New Delhi, India|pages=71|language=en}}</ref> * [[Chauhan clan|Chauhan]] * [[Makwana]] * [[Rathore|Rathod]] === Koli Kotwal === Among members of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]], Kotwal is a title, derived from the occupation of fort-keepers or protectors of forts and village leader.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Somanaboina |first1=Simhadri |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H5tIEAAAQBAJ&dq=Kotwal+Koli&pg=PT443 |title=The Routledge Handbook of the Other Backward Classes in India: Thought, Movements and Development |last2=Ramagoud |first2=Akhileshwari |date=2021-11-15 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |year=2021 |isbn=978-1-000-46280-7 |location=New Delhi, India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=B. S. S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PuydzvIol0gC&pg=PA161&dq=Kotwal+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjv0dX64aL7AhVMSmwGHS-aCnc4FBDoAXoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Television for Rural Development |date=1992 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |year=1992 |isbn=978-81-7022-377-1 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=161 |language=en}}</ref> Even when a Koli man retired as a kotwal, he and his descendants would use "Kotwal" as a surname as it signified prestige.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zePZAAAAMAAJ |title=Exploring India's Rural Past: A Gujarat Village in the Early Nineteenth Century |date=2002 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-19-565732-6 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=82–91 |language=en}}</ref> Kolis were Kotwal from the times of Mughal rule in Gujarat<ref>{{Cite book |last=Khān |first=ʻAlī Muḥammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P-ZjAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Mirat-i-Ahmadi: A Persian History of Gujarat |date=1965 |publisher=[[Oriental Institute]] |year=1965 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=831 |language=en}}</ref> and were hereditary Kotwal of the royal palaces of [[Rajkot State|Rajkot]], [[Morvi State|Morvi]] and [[Bhavnagar State|Bhavnagar]] [[Princely state|Princely states]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4_htAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Vanyajāti |date=1989 |publisher=Bharatiya Adimjati Sevak Sangh. |year=1989 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=26 |language=en}}</ref> Kolis of Maharashtra also served as Kotwal in [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]] and controlled the forts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shyam |first=Radhey |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5C4hBqKdkEsC&pg=PA376&dq=Kotwal+Kolis&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiEvY3D6KL7AhVhUWwGHTCICOQ4HhDoAXoECAsQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The Kingdom of Ahmadnagar |date=1966 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publications |year=1966 |isbn=978-81-208-2651-9 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=376 |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Girasia === The '''Girasia''', or '''Garasia''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Clark |first=Alice Whitcomb |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dzNtAAAAMAAJ |title=Central Gujarat in the Nineteenth Century: The Integration of an Agrarian System |date=1979 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin--Madison]] |year=1979 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=55: Koli garasias would often " hire a land from the manager of a village , trusting to the timidity of the other villagers , declare that it was O 1,57 famiiy , bapita , land |language=en}}</ref> '''Girasiya''' and '''Garasiya''' is a [[Indian honorifics|title]] used by the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Tribal chief|chieftains]] of petty [[Princely state|states]] or [[Jagir|Jagirdars]] who held the villages as ''Giras'' granted by rulers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bayly |first=Susan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HbAjKR_iHogC&dq=Girasia+Koli&pg=PA84 |title=Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age |date=2001-02-22 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-521-79842-6 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=84 |language=en}}</ref> the most of the [[Chunvalia Koli]]s held the title of Girasia and they worshipped the [[Hindus|Hindu]] goddess [[Shakti]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Enthoven |first=Reginald Edward |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eRkuXFD93zsC&dq=Girasia+Koli&pg=PA5 |title=Folk Lore Notes: Folklore of Gujurat |date=1989 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |year=1989 |isbn=978-81-206-0485-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=5 |language=en}}</ref> The Koli Garasiya were [[tributary]] to the ruler of state who gave the Giras.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hardiman |first1=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EsfAQAAIAAJ |title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India |last2=Hardiman |first2=Professor of History David |date=1996 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-19-563956-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=178 |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Pagi === The '''Pagi''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=EjORKo7maRUC&pg=PA168&dq=Pagi+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiFyJyhx_T2AhWzxzgGHeQBDtE4ChDoAXoECAgQAw#v=onepage&q=Pagi%20Koli&f=false |title=The Structure of Indian Society: Then and Now |date=2012-12-06 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-136-19770-3 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=168 |language=en}}</ref> or '''Pugee''' and '''Paghi'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Franco |first=Fernando |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=eioqAAAAYAAJ |title=The Silken Swing: The Cultural Universe of Dalit Women |last2=Macwan |first2=Jyotsna |last3=Ramanathan |first3=Suguna |date=2000 |publisher=Sangam Books Limited |year=2000 |isbn=978-81-85604-41-1 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=21 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes|title]] used by [[List of Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] of [[Gujarat]] who were guard of village and served as detective for any [[List of Koli states and clans|ruler]] or chiefs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Silverberg |first=James |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bvA0AQAAIAAJ |title=Peasant Behavior and Its Caste-relevancy: The Kolis of Kasandra |date=1962 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin]] |year=1962 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=32 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Chunvalia Koli|Chunvalia]] Kolis adopted the profession of Pagi in Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Shibani |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=1983 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |year=1983 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=151: The Kolis also render their services to the entire village . Only Chuania (Chunvalia) Kolis adopt this traditional occupation of ' Pagi ' or village guard . |language=en}}</ref> a number of [[Talpada Koli|Talapada]] Kolis also served as Pagi and held the title as hereditary to family.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1995 |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=163 |language=en}}</ref> the title of Pagi also considered as inferior to [[Kotwal]] title of Kolis because some of Pagis worked as watchman so they was degraded in position.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=Jyotindra |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=nuPWAAAAMAAJ |title=Folk Art and Culture of Gujarat: Guide to the Collection of the Shreyas Folk Museum of Gujarat |last2=Gujarat |first2=Shreyas Folk Museum of |date=1980 |publisher=Shreyas Prakashan |year=1980 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=133 |language=en}}</ref> ==== Clans ==== The Talapada Kolis who served as Pagi adopted the [[Solanki (clan)|Solanki]] [[List of Koli states and clans|clan]] in Radhvanaj of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=A. M. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=U8s0aBdDxEQC&pg=PA127&dq=Pagi+Koli&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjhvISfzPT2AhUpzDgGHfz-A284MhDoAXoECAcQAw#v=onepage&q=Pagi%20Koli&f=false |title=The Family in India: Critical Essays |date=1998 |publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]] |year=1998 |isbn=978-81-250-1306-8 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=127 |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Agariya === The '''Agariya''', or '''Agaria''' is a [[Indian honorifics|title]] of [[Chunvalia Koli|Chunvalia]] [[Koli people|Kolis]] who are [[Salt evaporation pond|salt farmers]] in [[Kutch district|Kutch]] [[List of districts of Gujarat|district]] of [[Gujarat]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chandra |first=Kavita Kanan |date=2017-02-24 |title=The salt farmers of wild ass country |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/the-salt-farmers-of-wild-ass-country/article17361838.ece |access-date=2022-07-23 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> in 2019, Koli Agariyas faces the great loss of salt trade because of the [[China–United States trade war|Trade war between China and United States of America]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gujarat Salt Industry Hit By US-China Trade War |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/special/gujarat-salt-industry-hit-by-uschina-trade-war/56519/1 |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref> They produce the 30% of the salt of the total of country.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Schooneveld |first=Inge van |date=2018-02-15 |title=The salt farmers of Little Ran of Kutch |url=https://sinchi-foundation.com/news/salt-little-ran-kutch/ |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Sinchi Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref> they were listed as [[Denotified Tribes|Criminal Tribe]] under [[Criminal Tribes Act]] of 1871 by [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British Indian government]] because of their [[Koli rebellions|rebellions]] against [[British Raj|British]] rule in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-10 |title=Education in the Desert: Field Notes from the Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat - Bhavna Harchandani |url=https://doingsociology.org/2022/04/10/education-in-the-desert-field-notes-from-the-little-rann-of-kutch-gujarat-bhavna-harchandani/ |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Doing Sociology |language=en-US}}</ref> The Koli Agariyas were [[Land tenure|landowners]] of the land of [[Little Rann of Kutch]] but in 1978 this area was declared as [[Indian Wild Ass Sanctuary|Wild Ass Sanctuary]] by [[Government of Gujarat]] and their lands were captured by Gujarat government.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Deepak |first=Sharanya |title=Will election change fate of the Agariyas of Gujarat? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2017/12/9/will-election-change-fate-of-the-agariyas-of-gujarat |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Koli Agariyas demanding recognition as farmers and an assurance that they have a legal right on [[Little Rann of Kutch]] land for salt farming to get the benifit like agriculture farmers such as money package and releif for natural calamities like flood.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Research sweetens deal for saltpan workers - Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/research-sweetens-deal-for-saltpan-workers/822350/2 |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref> ==== Clans ==== Here are some of the clans used by Agariya title holder Kolis of Kutch, * [[Jhala (clan)|Jhala]] * [[Makwana (clan)|Makwana]] * [[Jadav]] * [[Chudasama]] * [[Chauhan]] * [[Parmar]] * Rangpara * Munjapara * [[Zinzuwada|Jhinjhuvadia]] * [[Katosan State|Katosana]] ==== Classification ==== The Koli Agarias are classified as [[Other Backward Class]] by [[Government of Gujarat]] but in past they were notified as [[Denotified Tribes|Criminal Tribe]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |last3= |last4= |last5= |last6=Apps |first6= |title=Lok Sabha polls: Post-Rahul Gandhi visit, Congress all set to hand over salt-pan workers to BJP on platter |url=https://www.counterview.net/2014/03/lok-sabha-polls-post-rahul-gandhi-visit.html |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Counterview}}</ref> ==== Organisations ==== * Agariya Hitrakshak Manch<ref name=":0" /> === Koli Behera === The '''Behera''' or '''Dal Behera''' is a title of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[Koli rebellion|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Odisha]]. [[Koli Patel|Kolis]] of Odisha who were chief of villages used the '''Behera''' as a title.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ghosh |first1=G. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1xbRLoG5MAkC&dq=koli+behera&pg=PA156 |title=Indian Textiles: Past and Present |last2=Ghosh |first2=Shukla |date=1995 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7024-706-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Ghosh|first=G. K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UjpuAAAAMAAJ|title=Orissa: The Dazzle from Within (art, Craft and Culture of Orissa)|publisher=Ashish Publications|year=1993|isbn=978-81-7024-593-3|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|pages=197: Behera is the hereditary title of Koli headman and the Behera of Koli village can be only Koli|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Thurston|first=Edgar|title=Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Kōli - Wikisource, the free online library|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Castes_and_Tribes_of_Southern_India/K%C5%8Dli|access-date=2022-02-07|website=en.wikisource.org|language=en}}</ref> === Koli Rana === The [[Koli people|Kolis]] of India used the [[Indian honorifics|title]] of '''Rana''' and ruled over [[Princely state|Princely State]] of [[Shevdivadar]]<ref>{{Cite book|author-link=Roper Lethbridge |last=Lethbridge |first=Roper |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7iOsNUZ2MXgC&dq=Rana+Koli&pg=PA501 |title=The Golden Book of India: A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and Other Personages, Titled Or Decorated of the Indian Empire |publisher=Aakar Books |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-87879-54-1 |location=[[New Delhi]], India, Asia |pages=501: [[Shevdivadar]], The Rána is a [[Koli people|Koli]] (aboriginal) Chief, ruling over a territory of 1 square mile, with a population of 246, chiefly [[Hindus]]. Residence - Shevdivadar, [[Kathiawar]], [[Bombay]] |language=en}}</ref> and [[Sinhagad]] [[Forts in India|fort]] was ruled by [[List of Koli people|Koli]] Rana [[Nag Nayak of Sinhagad|Nag Nayak]] who challenged the [[Delhi Sultanate|Delhi sultanate]]'s [[Sultan]] [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kale |first=Rohit Pralhadrao |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k8hcDwAAQBAJ&dq=nag+Nayak+Koli&pg=PT58 |title=Rajwata: Aavishkar Gad Killayacha |date=2018-05-24 |publisher=FSP Media Publications |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=Sinhagad was captured from the Koli tribal chieftain, Nag Naik, by Muhammad bin Tughlaq in 1328 AD. Shahaji Bhosale, as the commander of Ibrahim Adil Shah I, was entrusted with the control of the Pune region. His son Shivaji, however |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mehta |first=Jaswant Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=82puAAAAMAAJ |title=Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India: 1000-1526 A.D |date=1986 |publisher=[[Sterling Publishers]] |isbn=978-81-207-0573-9 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=197: Sultan was told that Nag Nayak, Rana of Kondhana (Sinhgad, near Poona ) did not pay tribute of Delhi . ' On his orders, the fortress was besieged by a contingent of the royal army ; it was defended gallantly by |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Mansabdar === The '''Mansabdar''', or '''Mansubdar''' is a Military [[Indian honorifics|title]] used by the [[List of Koli people|Kolis]] of [[Maharashtra]] during the reign of [[Maratha Empire]], [[Mughal Empire]] and [[Deccan Sultanates]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Frederick Bruce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9dmbS_n9UEC |title=Adaptation to Colonial Rule by the "wild Tribes" of the Bombay Deccan, 1818-1880: From Political Competition to Social Banditry |publisher=[[University of Minnesota]] |year=1978 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=283: Once in the Rajur jail of [[Maratha Empire]], the prisoner was confined under the guard of Javji Naik Mansabdar's men. Javji Naik Bambale , the Koli Mansabdar of the Naikwari Police , was the son of Devji Naik by his wife |language=en}}</ref> the Koli chiefs of Maharashtra held the good position of [[Sardar]] and '''Mansabdar''' in [[Bahamani Sultanate]] and [[Ahmednagar Sultanate]]'s military.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hassan |first=Syed Siraj ul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lYSd-3yL9h0C&dq=Mansabdar+Koli&pg=PA332 |title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |year=1989 |isbn=978-81-206-0488-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=332 |language=en}}</ref> the most prominent Koli Mansabdar in [[Maratha Empire]] was [[Javji Bamble]] who was Mansabdar of Rajur and was close aide to [[Tukoji Rao Holkar|Tukoji Holkar]] of [[Indore State]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yang |first=Anand A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DroEAQAAIAAJ |title=Crime and Criminality in British India |date=1985 |publisher=Association for Asian Studies |isbn=978-0-8165-0951-5 |pages=174: The best example is the career of a Koli named [[Javji Bamble]] , who was appointed Mansabdar after playing [[Nana Fadnavis]] off against [[Tukoji Holkar]] in the 1770s |language=en}}</ref> === Koli Sardar === The '''Sardar''' is a [[Indian honorifics|title]] used by the [[List of Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] of [[Maharashtra]] during the reign of [[Bahmani Sultanate|Bahamani]] and [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate|Ahmednagar]] [[Deccan sultanates|Sultanates]] conferred by the [[Sultan]]s of Both sultanates to the Koli [[Subedar|fortkeeper]] or Koli protecters of hilly tracts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hassan |first=Syed Siraj ul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lYSd-3yL9h0C&dq=Koli+Sardars&pg=PA332 |title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions |publisher=Asian Educational Services |year=1989 |isbn=978-81-206-0488-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=332: The Koli country was then known as Bávan Mávals, or fifty - two valleys, each under a naik . These naiks held a good position, both in the Bahamani and in the Ahmednagar kingdoms, ranking among the nobles called ' Sardars ' and Mansabsar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Behera |first=Maguni Charan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rVS9DwAAQBAJ&dq=koli+Sardar&pg=PA46 |title=Tribal Studies in India: Perspectives of History, Archaeology and Culture |date=2019-11-09 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-981-329-026-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=[[Bahamani Sultanate|Bahamani]] [[Sultan]]s conferred the title of Sardar to the Koli chiefs who held the charge of hilly tracts |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Heredia |first1=Rudolf C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mYKAAAAAMAAJ |title=Mobile, and Marginalized Peoples: Perspectives from the Past |last2=Ratnagar |first2=Shereen |publisher=Manohar Publications |year=2003 |isbn=978-81-7304-497-7 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=160: Raja Vikramajit, Shahjahan's governor of Gujarat, had to conduct an expedition in 1622 against some Kolis north of Ahmedabad who had ... The Bahmanis conferred the rank of Sardar on Koli chiefs who held charge of hill tracts |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Frederick Bruce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9dmbS_n9UEC |title=Adaptation to Colonial Rule by the "wild Tribes" of the Bombay Deccan, 1818–1880: From Political Competition to Social Banditry |publisher=University of Minnesota |year=1978 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=158–360: The men to be appointed over these jurisdictions were to be selected from among the existing Koli Sardars (men of influence), whom this official characterized both as having " acquired rank and substance |language=en}}</ref> == See more == * [[Koli dance]] == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Koli clan, Koli title}} [[Category:Koli]] 6fvmvtn3ugi818op0kop90f9rnf68m7 0 1163115 10368594 10064035 2025-07-03T00:41:11Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* History and Features */ 1) Fixed multiple syntax errors on 5 sentences; 2) Fixed a typo of duplication 10368594 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox automobile | name = Acura Integra | image = 2023 Acura Integra A-Spec, front 4.3.23.jpg | caption = 2023 Acura Integra A-Spec | manufacturer = [[Acura]] ([[Honda]]) | model_code = {{unbulleted list | DE4<ref>{{Cite web |last=Niculescu |first=Aurel |date=2023-04-11 |title=2023 Honda Integra Type R (DC8) Virtually Splits From North American Acura Series |url=https://www.autoevolution.com/news/2023-honda-integra-type-r-dc8-virtually-splits-from-north-american-acura-series-213289.html |access-date=2023-11-25 |website=autoevolution |language=en}}</ref> | DE5 (Type S)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Honda Motorsports |url=https://hpd.honda.com/Articles/Touring/Integra-Type-S-DE5 |access-date=2023-11-25 |website=hpd.honda.com |language=en}}</ref> }} | production = May 2022 – present | model_years = 2023–present | assembly = United States: [[Marysville, Ohio]] ([[Marysville Auto Plant]]) | designer = | class = [[Compact car]] ([[C-segment|C]]) | body_style = 5-door [[liftback]] | layout = [[Front-engine, front-wheel-drive]] | platform = Honda Architecture (HA)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.laitimes.com/en/article/3mczo_43209.html | title=Tandian {{pipe}} new architecture blessing, performance safety with both hands, this time the type has a super personality! | date=28 April 2022 }}</ref> | related = {{unbulleted list | [[Honda Civic (eleventh generation)]] | [[Honda ZR-V|Honda ZR-V/HR-V (RZ)]] | [[Honda CR-V (sixth generation)]] }} | engine = {{unbulleted list | '''[[Petrol engine|Gasoline]]:''' | 1.5&nbsp;L ''[[Honda L engine#L15CA|L15CA]]'' [[DOHC]] [[turbocharged]] [[Straight-four engine|I4]] (DE4) | 2.0&nbsp;L ''[[Honda K engine#K20C1|K20C1]]'' DOHC turbo I4 (DE5) }} | powerout = {{unbulleted list | {{cvt|200|hp|kW PS|0}} (DE4) | {{cvt|320|hp|kW PS|0}} (DE5) }} | transmission = {{unbulleted list | 6-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]] (DE5 and DE4) | [[Continuously variable transmission|CVT]] (DE4 only) }} | wheelbase = {{cvt|107.7|in|mm|0}} | length = {{unbulleted list | {{cvt|185.8|in|mm|0}} (DE4) | {{cvt|186|in|mm|0}} (DE5) }} | width = {{unbulleted list | {{cvt|72|in|mm|0}} (DE4) | {{cvt|74.8|in|mm|0}} (DE5) }} | height = {{unbulleted list | {{cvt|55.5|in|mm|0}} (DE4) | {{cvt|55.4|in|mm|0}} (DE5) }} | weight = {{unbulleted list | {{cvt|3073|–|3161|lb|kg|0}} (DE4) | {{cvt|3219|lb|kg|0}} (DE5) }} | predecessor = [[Acura ILX]] | sp = us }} The '''Acura Integra''' is a [[Compact car|Compact]] [[luxury car]] made by [[Acura]] a luxury brand of [[Honda]] since 2022 it replaced the Acura ILX. == History and Features == The Acura Integra was revealed in 2022 as a 2023 model. It's a entry-level car.<ref>{{cite web |last=Powell |first=Derek |date=2021-11-12 |title=2023 Acura Integra Prototype is the Comeback Kid |url=https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a38226240/2023-acura-integra-prototype-revealed/ |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=[[Car and Driver]] |language=en-US}}</ref> The design was done in Japan. The nameplate was previously used on a car made by Honda until 2006, and the name is also used on the current gen of the Honda Civic in China. Also the Integra is based on the current Gen of the [[Honda Civic]]. The car has a 1.5 liter turbocharged petrol engine from the Civic Si and a CVT or a 6-speed manual gearbox.<ref name="legendreturns">{{cite press release|title=A Legend Returns: New Acura Integra Coming for a New Generation|date=August 13, 2021|location=Monterey, California|publisher=Honda|url=https://hondanews.com/en-US/releases/a-legend-returns-new-acura-integra-coming-for-a-new-generation|access-date=2021-08-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Anderson |first=Brad |date=August 13, 2021 |title=Acura Is Reviving The Integra And Launching It Next Year |url=https://www.carscoops.com/2021/08/acura-is-reviving-the-integra-and-launching-it-next-year/ |access-date=2021-08-13 |work=Carscoops}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Chan |first=Mick |date=September 29, 2021 |title=2023 Honda Integra – teaser reveals four-door fastback |url=https://paultan.org/2021/09/29/2023-honda-integra-teaser-reveals-four-door-fastback/ |access-date=2021-09-29 |work=paultan.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Priddle |first=Alisa |date=August 13, 2021 |title=The Acura Integra Is Coming Back and "Will Live Up to the Hype" |url=https://www.motortrend.com/news/acura-integra-returns-2022-preview/ |access-date=2021-08-13 |work=[[Motor Trend]]}}</ref> a sportier version called the Acura Integra Type S was debuted in 2023 this version shares many of its parts with the Honda Civic Type R it has a 2.0 liter turbo petrol engine and a 6-speed manual gearbox.<ref name="automobible">{{cite web|url=https://automobible.com/new-integra-old-acura/|title=All-New Integra Pays Tribute to Old-School Acura|author-first=Danillo|author-last=Almeida|date=27 May 2022|website=AutomoBible|access-date=18 May 2023}}</ref> == Markets == The Acura Integra is sold mainly in the North American market. == References == {{Commonscat}} {{Reflist}} [[Category:Acura automobiles]] [[Category:Sedans]] [[Category:2020s automobiles]] f9q33hwmk0kci5y897a2iq02ll2glzq 0 1163797 10368120 10367005 2025-07-02T19:21:34Z 115.135.25.39 10368120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}} {{F1 season | year = 2027<!-- | champions = [[List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions|Drivers' Champion]]: <br>{{nowrap|[[List of Formula One World Constructors' Champions|Constructors' Champion]]: }} --> | support_series =<br>[[2027 Formula 2 Championship|Formula 2 Championship]]<br>[[2027 FIA Formula 3 Championship|FIA Formula 3 Championship]] }} The '''2027 FIA Formula One World Championship''' is a planned motor racing championship for [[Formula One cars]] which will be the 78th running of the [[Formula One World Championship]]. It is recognised by the [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]] (FIA), the governing body of international [[motorsport]], as the highest class of competition for [[open-wheel racing car]]s. The championship will be contested over several Grands Prix held around the world. Drivers and teams are scheduled to compete for the titles of [[List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions|World Drivers' Champion]] and [[List of Formula One World Constructors' Champions|World Constructors' Champion]] respectively. == Entries == The following constructors and drivers are under contract to compete in the 2027 World Championship. All teams are due to compete with tyres supplied by [[Pirelli]]. Each team is required to enter at least two drivers, one for each of the two mandatory cars.<ref name=SR>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/fia_2026_f1_regulations_-_section_b_sporting_-_iss02_-_2024-12-11.pdf |title=2026 Formula One Sporting Regulations – Issue 2|publisher=[[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]] |date=11 December 2024|access-date=14 December 2024}}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:85%" |+{{nowrap|Teams and drivers that are contracted to compete in the 2027 World Championship}} !scope="col" rowspan="2"|Entrant !scope="col" rowspan="2"|[[List of Formula One constructors|Constructor]] !scope="col" rowspan="2" nowrap|[[Formula One engines|Power unit]] ! colspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable" |Race drivers |- !scope="col" class="unsortable"|[[List of Formula One driver numbers|No.]] !scope="col" class="unsortable"|[[List of Formula One drivers|Driver name]] |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Alpine"| {{flagg|cnxa|France}}[[BWT (company)|BWT]] Alpine Formula 1 Team ! rowspan="2" | [[Alpine F1 Team|Alpine]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]] |rowspan="2"|Mercedes<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2024|title=Alpine to use Mercedes power units and gearboxes from 2026 |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/alpine-to-use-mercedes-power-units-and-gearbox-from-2026.5jzzbQeHx7aPT3hoP5hRtc |language=en-US|website=Formula 1.com|access-date=12 November 2024}}</ref> |style="text-align:center"|TBC |{{flagicon image|Flag of None.svg}} TBA |- |style="text-align:center"|TBC |{{flagicon image|Flag of None.svg}} TBA |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Aston Martin"|{{flagg|cnxa|United Kingdom}}Aston Martin [[Saudi Aramco|Aramco]] Honda ! rowspan="2" | [[Aston Martin in Formula One|Aston Martin]] [[Saudi Aramco|Aramco]]-[[Honda in Formula One|Honda]] | rowspan="2" | Honda | style="text-align:center" |TBC |{{flagicon image|Flag of None.svg}} TBA |- |style="text-align:center"|TBC |{{flagicon image|Flag of None.svg}} TBA |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Audi"|{{flagg|cnxa|Germany}}Audi F1 Team ! rowspan="2" | [[Audi in Formula One|Audi]] |rowspan="2"| Audi |style="text-align:center"|TBC |{{flagicon image|Flag of None.svg}} TBA |- |style="text-align:center"|TBC |{{flagicon image|Flag of None.svg}} TBA |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Cadillac"|{{flagg|cnxa|United States}}Cadillac Formula 1 Team<ref name="Cadillac">{{Cite web |title=Statement on General Motors application to join FIA Formula One World Championship in 2026|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/statement-on-general-motors-application-to-join-fia-formula-one-world.69uoRF1uwHwXkr4efkpnhc |access-date=25 November 2024|date=25 November 2024|website=Formula 1.com|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Cadillac GM">{{Cite web |date=25 November 2024 |title=General Motors launches Cadillac Formula 1 Team and power unit |url=https://news.gm.com/home.detail.html/Pages/news/us/en/2024/nov/1125-f1.html |url-status=live |access-date=25 November 2024 |website=news.gm.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126112427/https://news.gm.com/home.detail.html/Pages/news/us/en/2024/nov/1125-f1.html|archive-date=26 November 2024}}</ref> ! rowspan="2" |[[Cadillac in Formula One|Cadillac]]-[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] | rowspan="2" |Ferrari<ref name="Cadillac-Ferrari">{{Cite web |title=Ferrari enters a multi-year agreement with Andretti Formula Racing|url=https://www.ferrari.com/en-EN/corporate/articles/ferrari-enters-a-multi-year-agreement-with-andretti-formula-racing |access-date=10 December 2024 |website=Ferrari.com |language=en}}</ref> |style="text-align:center"|TBC |{{flagicon image|Flag of None.svg}} TBA |- |style="text-align:center"|TBC |{{flagicon image|Flag of None.svg}} TBA |- | rowspan=2 data-sort-value="Ferrari"|{{flagg|cnxa|Italy}}Scuderia Ferrari [[HP Inc.|HP]] ! rowspan="2" | [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] |rowspan="2"| Ferrari |style="text-align:center"|TBC |{{flagicon image|Flag of None.svg}} TBA |- |style="text-align:center"|TBC |{{flagicon image|Flag of None.svg}} TBA |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Haas"|{{flagg|cnxa|United States}} Haas F1 Team ! rowspan="2" |[[Haas F1 Team|Haas]]-[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] |rowspan="2"|Ferrari |style="text-align:center"|TBC |{{flagicon image|Flag of None.svg}} TBA |- |style="text-align:center"|TBC |{{flagicon image|Flag of None.svg}} TBA |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="McLaren"|{{flagg|cnxa|United Kingdom}}McLaren Formula 1 Team ! rowspan="2"| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]] |rowspan="2"|Mercedes |style="text-align:center"|4 |{{flagg|cnxa|United Kingdom}}[[Lando Norris]] |- |style="text-align:center"|81 |{{flagg|cnxa|Australia}} [[Oscar Piastri]] |- | rowspan=2 data-sort-value="Mercedes"|{{flagg|cnxa|Germany}}Mercedes-AMG [[Petronas]] F1 Team ! rowspan="2" | [[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]] |rowspan="2"| Mercedes |style="text-align:center"|TBC |{{flagicon image|Flag of None.svg}} TBA |- |style="text-align:center"|TBC |TBA |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Racing Bulls"|{{flagg|cnxa|Italy}}[[Visa Inc.|Visa]] [[Cash App]] Racing Bulls F1 Team !rowspan=2|[[Racing Bulls]]-[[Red Bull Ford Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]] |rowspan="2"|Red Bull Ford |style="text-align:center"|TBC |{{flagicon image|Flag of None.svg}} TBA |- |style="text-align:center"|TBC |{{flagicon image|Flag of None.svg}} TBA |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Red Bull Racing"|{{flagg|cnxa|Austria}}[[Oracle Corporation|Oracle]] Red Bull Racing !rowspan="2"|[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Red Bull Ford Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]] |rowspan="2"|Red Bull Ford |style="text-align:center"|TBC |{{flagicon image|Flag of None.svg}} TBA |- |style="text-align:center"|TBC |{{flagicon image|Flag of None.svg}} TBA |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Williams"|{{flagg|cnxa|United Kingdom}}[[Atlassian]] Williams Racing<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mann-Bryans |first1=Mark |title=Record title sponsorship for Williams F1 as Atlassian deal announced |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/record-title-sponsorship-for-williams-f1-as-atlassian-deal-announced/10695069/ |access-date=11 February 2025 |work=Autosport.com |date=11 February 2025}}</ref> !rowspan="2"|[[Williams Racing|Williams]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]] |rowspan="2"| Mercedes |style="text-align:center"|TBC |{{flagicon image|Flag of None.svg}} TBA |- |style="text-align:center"|TBC |{{flagicon image|Flag of None.svg}} TBA |} == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Formula One seasons]] [[Category:2027]] [[Category:2020s in motorsport]] 6bpkdlc3zkr1xms4uflb3vx3kk7n4h9 0 1164020 10367556 10312642 2025-07-02T12:00:34Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: #Clans (Gotra)→most alike anchor [[Koli clans and titles#Clans]] 10367556 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Bhalia Koli'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Enthoven |first=Reginald Edward |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Tribes_and_Castes_of_Bombay/FoT6gPrbTp8C?hl=en |title=The Tribes and Castes of Bombay |date=1990 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |isbn=978-81-206-0630-2 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=93: Bhalia - A subdivision of Kolis in Gujarat. |language=en}}</ref> also spelled as '''Bhaliya Koli'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1459&dq=Bhaliya+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjbvemPsNuHAxW0p1YBHb3JGw4Q6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=[[Anthropological Survey of India]] |isbn=978-0-19-563357-3 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=1460 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[Koli clans and titles#Clans|clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of the [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste]] mostly found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Somanaboina |first=Simhadri |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=H5tIEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT443&dq=Bhalia+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQ3oTMq9uHAxWOlFYBHWwIKAw4ChDoAXoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The Routledge Handbook of the Other Backward Classes in India: Thought, Movements and Development |last2=Ramagoud |first2=Akhileshwari |date=2021-11-15 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=978-1-000-46280-7 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |language=en}}</ref> In the census of 1931 in [[Baroda State]], the population of Bhalia [[Koli rebellion|Kolis]] was 27,437 alongwith [[Ghedia Koli|Ghedia]] Kolis.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Thakors_of_North_Gujarat/1DBuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |date=1995 |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=188: Koli population of [[Baroda State]] including Bhalia Kolis, 1931 |language=en}}</ref> {{Infobox gotra | name = Bhalia Koli | local name = ભાલિયા કોલી | type = [[Clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] | ethnicity = [[Koli caste]] | location = *[[Gujarat]] *[[Daman and Diu]] | varna = Warrior | parent_tribe = *Chunvalia Koli *Talpada Koli *Ghedia Koli *[[Divecha Koli]] *Khant Koli | demonym = [[Koli rebellion|Koli]] | branches = *Bhalia Koli *Bhaliya Koli<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lal |first=R. B. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4Cy_-FXW9BQC&pg=PA717&dq=Bhaliya+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjbvemPsNuHAxW0p1YBHb3JGw4Q6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Gujarat |date=2003 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7991-104-4 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=717: There are many groups of Kolis like Chunvaliya, Ghedia, Kharwa. Thakarda, Khant, Divecha and Talapada. Talapada Kolis maintain commensal relations with other Kolis of Saurashtra region. Koli community has a number of clans called atak. Among their attaks. four of them are considered as mota (superior); They are Mer, Chauhan. Makwana and '''Bhaliya''' and others are nana, or inferior In status. |language=en}}</ref> | language = *[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] * Koli languages: {{hlist|[[Kachi Koli language|Kachi Koli]]|[[Parkari Koli language|Parkari Koli]] |[[Wadiyara Koli language|Wadiyara Koli]]}} *[[Hindi]] *[[English language|English]] | religion = [[Hinduism]] | surnames = {{Main|Koli clans and titles#Clans (Gotra)}} | image = File:Koli popular in 1931.jpg | caption = Koli population of [[Baroda State]] including Bhalia Kolis, 1931 }} The Bhaliya clan is considered as superior clan among [[Koli Patel|Kolis]] because they ruled over [[Bhal region]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Scheduled_Castes/aRdOAQAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=The Scheduled Castes |date=1995 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-563742-7 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=576 |language=en}}</ref> == Origin == The Bhalia Kolis got their name from their homeland [[Bhal region]] of [[Gujarat]] which was [[List of Koli states and clans|ruled]] by them and was stronghold for their [[Koli caste#Koli pirates|Koli piracy]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Registrar |first=India Office of the |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Census_of_India_1961/X0awGlWj84cC?hl=en |title=Census of India, 1961 |date=1962 |publisher=Manager of Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=6 |language=en}}</ref> == See more == *[[Koli rebellion]] *[[Koli clans and titles]] *[[Koli clans of Gujarat]] *[[Koli dance]] *[[Koli caste#Koli pirates|Koli pirates]] == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Koli, Bhalia}} [[Category:Gujarati people]] r10i58uij9xgtm1vsl8ex77872wuojv 0 1164565 10369316 10358579 2025-07-03T09:41:32Z 60.240.255.177 10369316 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Dastardly and Muttley in Their Flying Machines'' (or simply ''Dastardly and Muttley'' in the UK and Ireland) is an American animated television series produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions, and a spin-off of ''Wacky Races''. The show was originally broadcast as a Saturday morning cartoon, airing from September 13, 1969, to January 3, 1970, on CBS. The show focuses on the efforts of Dick Dastardly and his canine sidekick Muttley to catch Yankee Doodle Pigeon, a carrier pigeon who carries secret messages (hence the name of the show's theme song "Stop the Pigeon"). The title is a reference to the film and song ''Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines''.''' Episode credits: Story: Larz Bourne; Dalton Sandifer; Mike Maltese. Story direction: Alex Lovy, Bill Perez {| class="wikitable" !<abbr>No.</abbr> !Episodes (episode codes) !Original release date !<abbr>Prod.</abbr> code |- ! rowspan="1" |1 | rowspan="1" |""Fur Out Furlough" (47-4) / "Barn Dance" (47-72) / "Hot Soup" (47-71) / "Hot Under the Hood & Beach Blanket Flamingo" / "Sappy Birthday"" |13 September 1969 | rowspan="1" |DM-1 |- ! rowspan="1" |2 | rowspan="1" |""Follow That Feather" (47-2) / "Barber" (47-70) / "Empty Hangar" (47-73) / "Spinner on the Air & The Good, the Bad and the L'il" / "Operation Anvil"" |20 September 1969 | rowspan="1" |DM-2 |- ! rowspan="1" |3 | rowspan="1" |""Sky Hi-IQ" (47-5) / "Prop Wash" (47-74) / "Carpet" (47-76) / "The Lorrie Story & Fifty Ways to Leave Your Liver" / "A Plain Shortage of Planes"" |27 September 1969 | rowspan="1" |DM-3 |- ! rowspan="1" |4 | rowspan="1" |""Barnstormers" (47-8) / "Arnold" (47-78) / "Pineapple Sundae" (47-79) / "The New Mascot" / "Snootie To The Rescue & Play on Words" / "Shape Up or Ship Out"" |4 October 1969 | rowspan="1" |DM-4 |- ! rowspan="1" |5 | rowspan="1" |""Stop That Pigeon" (47-1) / "Grease Job" (47-75) / "Robot" (47-83) / "I Love a Parade & The Even Greater Escape" / "Zilly's a Dilly"" |11 October 1969 | rowspan="1" |DM-5 |- ! rowspan="1" |6 | rowspan="1" |""The Cuckoo Patrol" (47-11) / "Automatic Door" (47-82) / "Airmail" (47-84) / "Runway Stripe" / "Wild Blue Yonder & The Last Stand" / "Pest Pilots"" |18 October 1969 | rowspan="1" |DM-6 |- ! rowspan="1" |7 | rowspan="1" |""The Swiss Yelps" / "Eagle-Beagle" / WD: "Deep Reading"; "Shell Game"; "Slightly Loaded" / MM: Snootie’s School of Manners & Bunny Run" |25 October 1969 | rowspan="1" |DM-7 |- | colspan="4" |While pursuing Yankee Doodle Pigeon through the Swiss Alps, the Vulture Squadron keeps annoying a grumpy young mountain climber. Dastardly annoys a bald eagle and its nest. In the ''Magnificent Muttley'' episode, Muttley serves as a stunt mutt to director Darryl F. Dastardly. |- ! rowspan="1" |8 | rowspan="1" |""Fly By Knights" (47-15) / "There's No Fool Like a Re-Fuel" (47-16) / WD: "Springtime" (47-98); "Dog's Life"; "Strange Equipment" / MM: "Pet Peeve & Thor All Over"" |1 November 1969 | rowspan="1" |DM-8 |- | colspan="4" |Dastardly decides that the entire team needs to wear glasses, but the ones prescribed make things a lot worse. The Vulture Squadron tries to find ways to refuel to keep chasing after the pigeon and end up destroying the gas station and annoying its grumpy owner. In the ''Magnificent Muttley'' episode, Muttley is Daniel Boone who attempts to rescue his girlfriend kidnapped by a Native American Dastardly. |- ! rowspan="1" |9 | rowspan="1" |""Movies Are Badder Than Ever" (47-18) / "Home Sweet Homing Pigeon" (47-19) / WD: "The Elevator" (47-81); "Obedience School" / MM: "Trucks on TV & Under There Underwear"" |8 November 1969 | rowspan="1" |DM-9 |- | colspan="4" |The General hires a movie director to film the Vulture Squadron, but the squad keep ruining the shots. Klunk, Zilly and Muttley's enlistments have run out so they want to leave; Dastardly tries to convince them to stay a few more rounds. In the ''Magnificent Muttley'' episode, Muttley has to clean a swimming pool and he imagines going on a treasure dive. |- ! rowspan="1" |10 | rowspan="1" |""Lens a Hand" (47-17) / "Vacation Trip Trap" (47-20) / WD: "Parachute" (47-99); "Real Snapper" / MM: "On The Road & Milo and the Gang Face More Problems"" |15 November 1969 | rowspan="1" |DM-10 |- | colspan="4" |Dastardly tries to assure the general that they are doing their jobs by offering to record their actions on camera, but with Muttley operating the camera, they are unsuccessful. Dastardly's furlough is granted, but he keeps running into the Vulture Squadron everywhere he goes. In the ''Magnificent Muttley'' episode, Dastardly tries to steal Leonardo da Muttley's flying inventions. |- ! rowspan="1" |11 | rowspan="1" |""Stop Which Pigeon?" (47-21) / "Ceiling Zero Zero" (47-22) / WD: "Fast Freight" (47-90); "Home Run" / MM: "Scoop Dreams & Blizzard of Ooze"" |22 November 1969 | rowspan="1" |DM-11 |- | colspan="4" |When the general pays a visit to the Vulture Squadron headquarters, Dastardly hires an impostor pigeon to pretend that he caught him, but the real Yankee Doodle Pigeon keeps appearing anyway. The Vulture Squadron try to catch Yankee Doodle Pigeon for the umpteenth time with a bird caller plane; a bird packaging plane; a sandbag balloon; and a weather machine. In ''Magnificent Muttley'', Muttley has to wash his ''Wacky Races'' car and dreams he is in an auto race against the cheating Dastardly. |- ! rowspan="1" |12 | rowspan="1" |""Who's Who?" (47-23) / "Operation Birdbrain" (47-24) / WD: "Bowling Pin" (47-88); "Shrink Job" / MM: "Bubba Goes Pro & Talking to Ralph on the Big Porcelain Phone"" |29 November 1969 | rowspan="1" |DM-12 |- | colspan="4" |After a blow to the head, Dastardly has lost his memory and has no idea what's going on. Dastardly has the Vulture Squadron try to think like the pigeon. While washing dishes, Muttley dreams of a swimming race across the English Channel, but Dastardly tries to sabotage him. |- ! rowspan="1" |13 | rowspan="1" |""Medal Muddle" (47-25) / "Go South Young Pigeon!" (47-26) / WD: "The Window Washer" (47-128) ; "Beach Blast" / MM: "Trunkin’ at the Country Fair & New Bird on the Block"" |6 December 1969 | rowspan="1" |DM-13 |- | colspan="4" |Muttley is upset that his medals have gone missing. The Vulture Squadron try to catch Yankee Doodle Pigeon in the midst of flocks of migrating ducks. Muttley dreams of being the first dog to reach the North Pole. |- ! rowspan="1" |14 | rowspan="1" |""Too Many Kooks" (47-27) / "Ice See You" (47-28) / WD: "Echo" (47-89) ; "Rainmaker" / MM:"Off the Wall & Tape That!"" |13 December 1969 | rowspan="1" |DM-14 |- | colspan="4" |The members of the Vulture Squadron take turns inventing pigeon-catching planes. The Vulture Squadron try to catch Yankee Doodle Pigeon in a snow-based environment, which angers the local natives and a polar bear. Dastardly steals Muttley's inventions but does not understand how to use them when he tries to demonstrate it in front of an investor. |- ! rowspan="1" |15 | rowspan="1" |""Balmy Swami" (47-29) / "Camouflage Hop-Aroo" (47-30) / WD: "Mop Up" (47-124) ; "Big Turnover" (a.k.a. Left Hanging) / MM: "Ranger Danger & Present Tense"" |20 December 1969 | rowspan="1" |DM-15 |- | colspan="4" |The Vulture Squadron consults a swami who uses a crystal ball to predict the devices they will use to catch the pigeon. The General sends a camouflage expert to have the Vulture Squadron disguise their plane. Muttley dreams he is a Tarzan-like wild mutt who has to rescue his girlfriend who has been captured by poacher Dastardly. |- ! rowspan="1" |16 | rowspan="1" |""Have Plane Will Travel" (47-31) / "Windy Windmill" (47-32) / WD: "Tough Break" (47-110) ; "The Ice Cream Tree" / MM: "A Whale Of a Tale & Burr in the Hand"" |27 December 1969 | rowspan="1" |DM-16 |- | colspan="4" |The General transfers the Vulture Squadron to a remote island, but Yankee Doodle Pigeon is in the area, so they make island-based aircraft to chase him down. The Vulture Squadron follow Yankee Doodle Pigeon to Holland. Muttley imagines he is an astronaut exploring a new planet while Dastardly plays an enemy space alien. |- ! rowspan="1" |17 | rowspan="1" |""Plane Talk" (47-33) / "Happy Bird Day" (47-34) / WD: "Boxing" (47-85) ; "Runaway Rug" (a.k.a. Magic Carpet) / MM: "Milkie’s Way & Run Milo Run"" |3 January 1970 | rowspan="1" |DM-17 |- | colspan="4" |Klunk invents some devices that rescue the squad when their planes break and they are going to fall. The General tells Dastardly that there will not be any birthday celebrations until they stop the pigeon. Dastardly prepares a birthday cake for the General and takes it on their missions. Muttley imagines he is a superhero. |} {{TV-stub}} [[Category:2000s American children's television series]] [[Category:2000s American television series debuts]] [[Category:2000s American television series endings]] [[Category:2000s Australian children's television series]] [[Category:2000s Australian television series debuts]] [[Category:2000s Australian television series endings]] [[Category:2007 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2008 American television series endings]] [[Category:2009 Australian television series debuts]] [[Category:2009 Australian television series endings]] [[Category:American children's television series]] [[Category:Australian children's television series]] [[Category:Australian English-language television shows]] 6nxuwhje4qgjbp4ja1ptm5li39a6gui 10369322 10369316 2025-07-03T09:43:27Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/60.240.255.177|60.240.255.177]] ([[User talk:60.240.255.177|talk]]) identified as [[WP:VAND|vandalism]] to last revision by 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:7978:2383:5AE6:2A27. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369322 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bindi the Jungle Girl''' is a children's television nature documentary series. It was presented by Bindi Irwin, the daughter of Steve and Terri Irwin. It was produced and shot in Queensland by The Best Picture Show Company for Discovery Kids and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. The series aired from 9 June 2007 until 20 December 2008. {{TV-stub}} [[Category:2000s American children's television series]] [[Category:2000s American television series debuts]] [[Category:2000s American television series endings]] [[Category:2000s Australian children's television series]] [[Category:2000s Australian television series debuts]] [[Category:2000s Australian television series endings]] [[Category:2007 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2008 American television series endings]] [[Category:2009 Australian television series debuts]] [[Category:2009 Australian television series endings]] [[Category:American children's television series]] [[Category:Australian children's television series]] [[Category:Australian English-language television shows]] 2qqmwa5ezekxzhj12xacidayic8460w 0 1164795 10369239 10287709 2025-07-03T08:48:09Z 101.182.32.36 minor change 10369239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{use mdy dates|date=December 2018}} __FORCETOC__ <!-- DO NOT EDIT THIS LINE --> <!-- Do not change the image below! It is the free version! --> [[File:YouTube Rewind Logo (2017 to 2021).svg|thumb|''[[YouTube Rewind 2018: Everyone Controls Rewind|YouTube Rewind 2018]]'' is the single most disliked video on YouTube, receiving over 19 million dislikes since its upload on December 6, 2018.<ref name='VergeYTR2018'/>]] This is a list of of most-disliked YouTube videos''' {{As of|2025|1|27}}.''' == Top videos == The following table lists the top 42 most disliked videos on YouTube, with the final visible dislike counts being [[rounded]] to the nearest thousand. {{legend|#ffc|Entries with a yellow background color indicate that the upload is not a [[music video]].}} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Most disliked videos on YouTube from March 2010 – December 2021<ref>{{cite web |url= https://dbase.tube/chart/video/dlikes/all|title=All Time Most Disliked YouTube Videos |website=dbase.tube |date={{#time: F j, Y}} |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181213044220/https://dbase.tube/chart/video/dlikes/all |archive-date=December 13, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><!-- Some deleted videos and videos that hide their ratings are not included on this list. --> ! Rank !style="width: 26em"| Video name !style="width: 15em;"| Uploader / artist ! style="width: 4em;" | Dislike count (millions) !style="width: 4em;"| Dislikes (%) !style="width: 9em;"; data-sort-type="usLongDate" | Upload date !style="width: 13em;"| Type of video (Style) ! class="unsortable" | Notes |- bgcolor="#ffffcc" ! align="center" | 1 | "[[YouTube Rewind 2018: Everyone Controls Rewind]]"<ref name="YTRewind2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YbJOTdZBX1g|title=YouTube Rewind 2018: Everyone Controls Rewind|date=December 6, 2018 |publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=December 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206234242/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YbJOTdZBX1g|archive-date=December 6, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> | [[YouTube (channel)|YouTube]] | align="center" | 20.358 | align="center" |<!--{{percentage|20.358|3.141+20.358|2}}-->{{percentage|20.358|3.141+20.358|2}} | align="right" | December 6, 2018 | align="center" | [[YouTube Rewind]] | align="center" |{{efn-ua|YouTube Rewind 2018 became the most disliked video on YouTube in 6 days and 10 hours, further being the first to break 10 million dislikes. }} |- ! align="center" | 2 | "[[Baby Shark|Baby Shark Dance]]"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XqZsoesa55w|title=Baby Shark Dance {{!}} Sing and Dance! {{!}} Animal Songs {{!}} PINKFONG Songs for Children|website=[[YouTube]] |date=June 17, 2016 |access-date=March 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180331151543/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XqZsoesa55w|archive-date=March 31, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> | [[Pinkfong]] Kids' Songs & Stories | align="center" | 14.972 | align="center" |<!--{{percentage|14.956|32.334+14.956|2}}-->{{percentage|18.737|40.361+18.737|2}} | align="right" | June 17, 2016 | align="center" | Music video for children | align="center" | {{efn-ua|"Baby Shark" became the fourth video to surpass 10 million dislikes on October 30, 2020. It is currently the [[List of most-viewed YouTube videos|most-viewed]] YouTube video with over 7 billion views as of November 2020. On April 8, 2021, it surpassed "Baby" to become the third most-disliked YouTube video. So far, it is only the fourth video to ever surpass "Baby" in dislikes, including the now-deleted original upload of "Friday," and the only video to do so while having a dislike ratio of less than 40%.}} |- bgcolor="#ffffcc" ! align="center" | 3 | "''[[Sadak 2]]'' Trailer"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sadak 2 {{!}} Official Trailer {{!}} Sanjay {{!}} Pooja {{!}} Alia {{!}} Aditya {{!}} Jisshu {{!}} Mahesh Bhatt {{!}} 28 Aug – YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iot0eF6EoNA|access-date=2020-08-12|website=www.youtube.com| date=August 11, 2020 }}</ref> |[[Star Studios]] | align="center" | 13.667 | align="center" |<!--{{percentage|13.689|0.740+13.689|2}}-->{{percentage|13.743|0.744+13.743|2}} | align="right" | August 12, 2020 | align="center" | Movie trailer | align="center" |{{efn-ua|"Sadak 2 Trailer" is the most-disliked movie trailer on YouTube within the first 24 hours of its upload, as well as the most-disliked Indian YouTube video as of August 2020. The video became the second most-disliked YouTube video within a week.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mahesh Bhatt's Sadak 2 Becomes Most Disliked Trailer on YouTube With Over 4.2 Million 'Thumbs Down'|url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/mahesh-bhatts-sadak-2-becomes-most-disliked-trailer-on-youtube-with-over-4-2-million-thumbs-down-4109988/|website=India.com|date=August 13, 2020 |language=en|access-date=August 13, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-12|title=Sadak 2' Beats Jake Paul and PewDiePie to Become the Most Disliked YouTube Video in India|url=https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/sadak-2-beats-jake-paul-and-pewdiepie-to-become-the-most-disliked-youtube-video-in-india-2782675.html|access-date=2020-08-13|website=news18.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sadak 2 Trailer first 24 hours records on YouTube|url=https://infotonline.com/sadak-2-trailer-first-24-hours-records-on-youtube/|website=infotonline.com|language=en|access-date=August 13, 2020|archive-date=September 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928172412/https://infotonline.com/sadak-2-trailer-first-24-hours-records-on-youtube/|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} |- ! align="center" | 4 | "[[Baby (Justin Bieber song)#Music video|Baby]]"<ref name="Baby">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kffacxfA7G4|title=Justin Bieber – Baby ft. Ludacris|date=February 19, 2010 |publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=July 30, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710181443/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kffacxfA7G4|archive-date=July 10, 2017}}</ref> |[[Justin Bieber]] featuring [[Ludacris]] | align="center" | 12.476 | align="center" |<!--{{percentage|12.475|19.906+12.475|2}}-->{{percentage|14.730|23.771+14.730|2}} | align="right" | February 19, 2010 | align="center" | [[Music video]] | align="center" |{{efn-ua|"Baby" was the most disliked video until "Friday" by Rebecca Black surpassed it in March 2011. "Friday" was deleted in June 2011, and "Baby" held the record for most disliked video until December 13, 2018, when it was passed by ''YouTube Rewind 2018''. "Baby" became the first YouTube video to hit one million dislikes in late February 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VLTqcNLP8Xw |title=Justin bieber get 1,000,000 dislikes|website=[[YouTube]] |date=February 27, 2011 }}</ref> Baby also became the first video to hit five million dislikes in late August 2015. "Baby" also held the title for the most-viewed YouTube video from July 16, 2010, until November 24, 2012.}} |- ! align="center" | 5 | "[[Johny Johny Yes Papa]]"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4tHL8reNCs|title=Johny Johny Yes Papa – THE BEST Song for Children|website=[[YouTube]] |date=October 8, 2016 |access-date=May 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705161858/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4tHL8reNCs|archive-date=July 5, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> | LooLoo Kids | align="center" | 11.954 | align="center" |<!--{{percentage|11.938|17.415+11.938|2}}-->{{percentage|13.122|19.071+13.122|2}} | align="right" | October 8, 2016 | align="center" | Music video for children | align="center" |{{efn-ua|On May 10, 2021, "Johny Johny Yes Papa" became the fifth YouTube video to surpass 10 million dislikes.}} |- bgcolor="#ffffcc" ! align="center" | 6 | "[[YouTube Rewind 2019: For the Record]]"<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2lAe1cqCOXo|title= YouTube Rewind 2019: For the Record|date= December 5, 2019|publisher=[[YouTube]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210034001/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2lAe1cqCOXo|archive-date=December 10, 2019}}</ref> |[[YouTube (channel)|YouTube]] | align="center" | 9.587 | align="center" | <!--{{percentage|9.587|3.491+9.587|2}}-->{{percentage|9.622|3.505+9.622|2}} | align="right" | December 5, 2019 | align="center" | [[YouTube Rewind]] | |- ! align="center" | 7 | "Bath Song"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WRVsOCh907o|title=Bath Song {{!}} Cocomelon (ABCkidTV) Nursery Rhymes & Kids Songs|date=May 2, 2018 |publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=July 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827172633/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WRVsOCh907o|archive-date=August 27, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> | [[Cocomelon|Cocomelon – Nursery Rhymes]] | align="center" | 8.941 | align="center" | {{percentage|11.743|16.300+11.743|2}} | align="right" | May 2, 2018 | align="center" | Music video for children | |- bgcolor="#ffffcc" ! align="center" | 8 | "Learning Colors – Colorful Eggs on a Farm"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nAu9D-8srA|title=Учим цвета Разноцветные яйца на ферме Развивающий мультик для детей|date=February 26, 2018 |publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=February 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227015750/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nAu9D-8srA|archive-date=December 27, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> | Мирошка ТВ | align="center" |8.436 | align="center" |{{percentage|8.966|13.573+8.966|2}} | align="right" | February 27, 2018 | align="center" | Educational video for children | align="center" | {{efn-ua|''{{lang|ru|Учим цвета Разноцветные яйца на ферме Развивающий мультик для детей}}'' is the most disliked YouTube video in a language other than English. The title means "Learn the colors- Colorful eggs on the farm". On January 24, 2021, it became the seventh video on YouTube to reach 7 million dislikes.}} |- ! align="center" | 9 | "[[Masoom (1983 film)|Lakdi ki kathi]]"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3bLfzgZ-wO8|title=Lakdi ki kathi |date=June 13, 2018 |publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=May 29, 2020}}</ref> |Jingle Toons | align="center" | 7.244 | align="center" |{{percentage|9.108|12.196+9.108|2}} | align="right" | June 14, 2018 | align="center" | Music video for children | align="center" |{{efn-ua|When translated from Hindi into English, ''Lakdi ki kathi'' means "wooden saddle".}} |- ! align="center" | 10 | "[[The Wheels on the Bus|Wheels on the Bus]]"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_04ZrNroTo|title=Wheels on the Bus CoCoMelon Nursery Rhymes & Kids Songs|date=May 24, 2018 |publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=Feb 8, 2019}}</ref> | Cocomelon – Nursery Rhymes | align="center" | 6.900 | align="center" | {{percentage|10.197|14.858+10.197|2}} | align="right" | May 24, 2018 | align="center" | Music video for children | align="center" | |- bgcolor="#ffffcc" ! align="center" | 11 | "Humpty the train on a fruits ride"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=138nNxXUJXw |title=Humpty the train on a fruits ride|date=January 26, 2018 |publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=May 29, 2020}}</ref> | Kiddiestv Hindi | align="center" | 6.194 | align="center" |{{percentage|7.684|10.180+7.684|2}} | align="right" | January 26, 2018 | align="center" | Educational video for children | |- ! align="center" | 12 | "[[Old MacDonald Had a Farm]] – Kids nursery rhymes"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EGymN-Lc87M |title=Old MacDonald Had a Farm – Kids nursery rhymes|date=November 12, 2013 |publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=August 1, 2021}}</ref> | Bounce Patrol – Kids Songs | align="center" | 6.153 | align="center" |{{percentage|6.348|8.303+6.348|2}} | align="right" | November 12, 2013 | align="center" | Music video for children | |- bgcolor="#ffffcc" ! align="center" | 13 | "Keysha Play Filling Water in Balloons Daddy Finger Nursery Rhymes <nowiki>|</nowiki> Learn Colors With Balloons"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqEH_oB0sCs|title=Keysha Play Filling Water in Balloons Daddy Finger Nursery Rhymes|date=April 21, 2019 |publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=August 1, 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629030214/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqEH_oB0sCs|archive-date=June 29, 2021}}</ref> | Zuni and Family | align="center" | 5.773 | align="center" |{{percentage|6.526|9.267+6.526|2}} | align="right" | April 21, 2019 | align="center" | Educational video for children | align="center" | |- bgcolor="#ffffcc" ! align="center" | 14 | "Can this video get 1 million dislikes?"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wx9Jv5uxfac|title=Can this video get 1 million dislikes?|date=December 24, 2016 |publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=July 30, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121163016/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wx9Jv5uxfac|archive-date=January 21, 2017}}</ref> | [[PewDiePie]] | align="center" | 5.720 | align="center" |{{percentage|5.851|0.392+5.851|2}} | align="right" | December 24, 2016 | align="center" | Comedy | align="center" | {{efn-ua|This video reached 1 million and 2 million dislikes in the fastest time ever, doing so in 3.6 hours and 19 hours, respectively. It broke the previous records of 3 days and 11 days. This is also the most-disliked challenge video (challenging the viewer to dislike the video as much as possible)}} |- ! align="center" | 15 | "Flores"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=meL5o_pmU_w|title=Vitão, Luísa Sonza – Flores|date=June 11, 2020 |publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=October 28, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718011259/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=meL5o_pmU_w|archive-date=July 18, 2020}}</ref> | Vitão and [[Luísa Sonza]] | align="center" | 5.534 | align="center" |{{percentage|5.625|2.510+5.625|2}} | align="right" | June 11, 2020 | align="center" | Music video | align="center" | {{efn-ua|"Flores" is the most-disliked Portuguese YouTube video as of July 2020.}} |- ! align="center" | 16 | "[[Baa, Baa, Black Sheep|Baa Baa Black Sheep]]"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MR5XSOdjKMA|title=Baa Baa Black Sheep CoCoMelon Nursery Rhymes & Kids Songs|date=June 25, 2018 |publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=February 8, 2019}}</ref> | Cocomelon – Nursery Rhymes | align="center" | 5.528 | align=center | {{percentage|6.873|9.065+6.873|2}} | align=right | June 25, 2018 | align=center | Music video for children | |- ! align="center" | 17 | "[[It's Everyday Bro]]"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hSlb1ezRqfA|title=Jake Paul – It's Everyday Bro (Song) feat. Team 10 (Official Music Video)|date=May 30, 2017 |publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=July 30, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629232614/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hSlb1ezRqfA|archive-date=June 29, 2017}}</ref> | [[Jake Paul]] featuring Team 10 | align="center" | 5.462 | align="center" |{{percentage|5.558|3.186+5.558|2}} | align="right" | May 30, 2017 | align="center" | Music video | |- ! align="center" | 18 | "Chal Chal Gurram"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s_GAqfmQK-g|title=Chal Chal Gurram {{!}} Telugu Rhymes for Children {{!}} Infobells|date=November 18, 2016 |publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=May 29, 2020}}</ref> | Infobells Telugu | align="center" | 5.425 | align="center" |{{percentage|5.879|7.426+5.879|2}} | align="right" | November 18, 2016 | align="center" | Music video for children | |- ! align="center" | 19 | "[[Despacito#Music video|Despacito]]"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJQP7kiw5Fk|title=Luis Fonsi – Despacito ft. Daddy Yankee|date=January 12, 2017 |publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=July 30, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711013712/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJQP7kiw5Fk|archive-date=July 11, 2017}}</ref> | [[Luis Fonsi]] featuring [[Daddy Yankee]] | align="center" | 5.216 | align="center" |{{percentage|5.661|51.097+5.661|2}} | align="right" | January 12, 2017 | align="center" | Music video | align="center" | {{efn-ua|"Despacito" is the [[List of most-liked YouTube videos|most-liked]] and second [[List of most-viewed YouTube videos|most-viewed]] YouTube video with over 50 million likes and 8 billion views as of November 2022.}} |- ! align="center" | 20 | "[[Dame Tu Cosita#Music video|Dame Tu Cosita]]"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FzG4uDgje3M|title=El Chombo – Dame Tu Cosita feat. Cutty Ranks (Official Video) [Ultra Music]|date=April 5, 2018 |publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=July 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704212019/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FzG4uDgje3M|archive-date=July 4, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> | [[El Chombo]] featuring [[Cutty Ranks]] | align="center" | 5.173 | align="center" | {{percentage|6.044|17.525+6.044|2}} | align="right" | April 5, 2018 | align="center" | Music video | |- ! align="center" | 21 | "D Billions – Shake, shake your body! Clap, Clap, Cha Cha Cha!"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO53j1uN2oE|title=D Billions – Shake, shake your body! Clap, Clap, Cha Cha Cha!|publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=February 8, 2019}}</ref> | [[D Billions]] | align="center" | 4.485 | align="center" | {{percentage|5.001|6.394+5.001|2}} | align="right" | January 12, 2020 | align="center" | Music video for children | |- ! align="center" | 22 | "Wheels on the Bus <nowiki>|</nowiki> Mother Goose Club Playhouse Kids Video"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Dx8Yd-0i5Q|title=Wheels on the Bus <nowiki>|</nowiki> Mother Goose Club Playhouse Kids Video|date=August 18, 2011 |publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=August 1, 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151215203615/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KYniUCGPGLs|archive-date=December 15, 2015}}</ref> | Mother Goose Club Playhouse | align="center" | 4.442 | align="center" |{{percentage|4.529|5.491+4.529|2}} | align="right" | August 18, 2011 | align="center" | Music video for children | align="center" | |- bgcolor="#ffffcc" ! align="center" | 23 | "[[Masha and the Bear#Episodes|Masha and the Bear: Recipe for Disaster]]"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KYniUCGPGLs|title=Masha and The Bear – Recipe for disaster (Episode 17)|date=January 31, 2012 |publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=July 30, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151215203615/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KYniUCGPGLs|archive-date=December 15, 2015}}</ref> | Get Movies | align="center" | 4.273 | align="center" |{{percentage|4.353|7.878+4.353|2}} | align="right" | January 31, 2012 | align="center" | [[Children's television series]] | align="center" |{{efn-ua|Recipe for Disaster is the [[List of most-viewed YouTube videos|most viewed non-music video]] with over 4.5 billion views.}} |- ! align="center" | 24 | "[[Friday (Rebecca Black song)#Music video|Friday]]"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfVsfOSbJY0|title=Friday – Rebecca Black – Official Music Video|date=September 16, 2011 |publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=July 30, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709104811/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfVsfOSbJY0|archive-date=July 9, 2017}}</ref> |[[Rebecca Black]] | align="center" | 4.078 | align="center" |{{percentage|4.331|1.478+4.331|2}} | align="right" | September 16, 2011 | align="center" | Music video | |- bgcolor="#ffffcc" ! align="center" | 25 | "[[Call of Duty: Infinite Warfare#Pre-release|''Call of Duty: Infinite Warfare'' Reveal Trailer]]"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EeF3UTkCoxY|title=Official Call of Duty®: Infinite Warfare Reveal Trailer|date=May 2, 2016 |publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=July 30, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708180910/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EeF3UTkCoxY|archive-date=July 8, 2017}}</ref> | [[Call of Duty]] | align="center" | 3.965 | align="center" |{{percentage|4.014|0.657+4.014|2}} | align="right" | May 2, 2016 | align="center" | Video game trailer | align="center" | {{efn-ua|This video is the most-disliked video game trailer on YouTube. The video generated public outrage upon its release. Within its first 7 days on YouTube, the video garnered over 1.12 million dislikes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://metro.co.uk/2016/05/09/cod-infinite-warfare-is-8th-most-disliked-video-on-youtube-5870014/|title=COD: Infinite Warfare is 8th most disliked video on YouTube|date=May 9, 2016}}</ref> As of June 2021, it is the most-disliked age-restricted video on YouTube.}} |- ! align="center" | 26 | "Yes Yes Vegetables Song"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ohHYABXMqUQ|title=Yes Yes Vegetables Song CoCoMelon Nursery Rhymes & Kids Songs|date=August 10, 2018 |publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=February 8, 2019}}</ref> | Cocomelon – Nursery Rhymes | align="center" | 3.946 | align="center" | {{percentage|4.304|6.558+4.304|2}} | align="right" | August 10, 2018 | align="center" | Music video for children | |- bgcolor="#ffffcc" ! align="center" | 27 | "Mr. Faisu’s Exploring Shillong"<ref>{{Citation|title=Exploring Shillong {{!}} Shoot Diaries {{!}} Mr. Faisu| date=May 14, 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MO7erSNZszI|language=en|access-date=2020-05-17}}</ref> | Faisal Shaikh | align="center" | 3.830 | align="center" |{{percentage|3.850|0.611+3.850|2}} | align="right" | May 14, 2020 | align="center" | [[Vlog]] | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mr Faisu Holds The Title For Most Disliked Indian YouTube Video: Fastest 1 Million Dislikes In 48 Hours|url=https://thecourierdaily.com/mr-faisu-holds-title-most-disliked-indian-youtube-video/18677/|last=Jangra|first=Sachin|date=2020-05-17|website=The Courier Daily|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-17}}</ref> |- ! align="center" | 28 | "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n38kGst16sI|title=Twinkle Twinkle Little Star – CoComelon|date=December 6, 2017 |publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=August 1, 2021}}</ref> | Cocomelon – Nursery Rhymes | align="center" | 3.728 | align="center" | {{percentage|4.270|5.464+4.270|2}} | align="right" | December 6, 2017 | align="center" | Music video for children | |- ! align="center" | 29 | "{{lang|es|LA VACA LOLA canciones infantiles}}"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0dkHZYeIGIk|title=LA VACA LOLA canciones infantiles|date=April 12, 2016|via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> | toycantando | align="center" | 3.629 | align="center" | {{percentage|4.050|6.800+4.050|2}} | align="right" | April 12, 2016 | align="center" | Music video for children | |- ! align="center" | 30 | "[[Here We Go Round the Mulberry Bush|This Is The Way]]"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4XLQpRI_wOQ|title=This Is The Way {{!}} Kids Songs {{!}} Super Simple Songs|date=June 8, 2016 |publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> | [[Super Simple Songs]] | align="center" | 3.570 | align="center" | {{percentage|3.661|4.984+3.661|2}} | align="right" | June 8, 2016 | align="center" | Music video for children | |- ! align="center" | 31 |"Bath Song + More Nursery Rhymes & Kids Songs"<ref>{{cite web|title=Bath Song + More Nursery Rhymes & Kids Songs – CoComelon| date=June 4, 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzAm13KsBCc|access-date=May 29, 2020|publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> |Cocomelon – Nursery Rhymes | align="center" | 3.351 | align="center" | {{percentage|3.393|4.935+3.393|2}} | align="right" | June 4, 2018 | align="center" | Music video for children | |- ! align="center" | 32 | "Baby Shark"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=020g-0hhCAU|title=Baby Shark {{!}} CoComelon Nursery Rhymes & Kids Songs|date=November 21, 2017 |publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=May 29, 2020}}</ref> |Cocomelon – Nursery Rhymes | align="center" | 3.343 | align="center" |{{percentage|4.741|6.746+4.741|2}} | align="right" | November 21, 2017 | align="center" | Music video for children | |- ! align="center" | 33 | "Yes Yes Vegetables Song + More Nursery Rhymes & Kids Songs – CoComelon"<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DruYNHN4FYY |title=Yes Yes Vegetables Song + More Nursery Rhymes & Kids Songs – CoComelon |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date=September 7, 2018 |access-date=August 1, 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711002505/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DruYNHN4FYY |archive-date=July 11, 2017 }}</ref> |Cocomelon – Nursery Rhymes | align="center" | 3.340 | align="center" |{{percentage|3.456|5.157+3.456|2}} | align="right" | September 7, 2018 | align="center" | Music video for children | align="center" | |- ! align="center" | 34 | "[[How It Is (Wap Bap …)]]"<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4gSOMba1UdM |title=Bibi H – How it is ( wap bap ... ) [Official Video] |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date=May 5, 2017 |access-date=July 30, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711002505/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4gSOMba1UdM |archive-date=July 11, 2017 }}</ref> |[[BibisBeautyPalace]] | align="center" | 3.314 | align="center" |{{percentage|3.647|0.667+3.647|2}} | align="right" | May 5, 2017 | align="center" | Music video | align="center" |{{efn-ua|This music video was uploaded by the German beauty YouTuber Bianca "Bibi" Heinicke. Fans and critics alike criticized the track for its shallow lyrics and poor vocal performance.<ref>{{cite web|title=Youtube-Star Bibi: Hat sie den unbeliebtesten Song aller Zeiten gemacht? (German)|url=http://www.stern.de/kultur/musik/youtuberin-bibi---hat-sie-den-schlechtesten-song-aller-zeiten-gemacht--7441260.html|website=stern.de|access-date=May 7, 2017|language=de-DE|date=May 5, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509032219/http://www.stern.de/kultur/musik/youtuberin-bibi---hat-sie-den-schlechtesten-song-aller-zeiten-gemacht--7441260.html|archive-date=May 9, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Heine|first=Nicolas|title=Musikvideo » Bibi H – How It Is (Wap Bap) (German)|url=http://www.dance-charts.de/201705058614/musikvideo-bibi-h-how-it-is-wap-bap|website=Dance-Charts.de|access-date=May 7, 2017|language=de-DE|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606043856/http://www.dance-charts.de/201705058614/musikvideo-bibi-h-how-it-is-wap-bap|archive-date=June 6, 2017}}</ref> Heinicke received some backlash prior to the song's release when the pre-order price of 4,99€ was revealed.<ref>{{cite web|last=Noisey Staff|title=BibisBeautyPalace versetzt Popmusik den Todesstoß und das Internet sendet Flüche aus|url=https://noisey.vice.com/de/article/bibisbeautypalace-versetzt-popmusik-den-todestoss-und-das-internet-sendet-fluche-aus|website=Noisey|date=May 5, 2017 |access-date=May 7, 2017|language=de|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170506193107/https://noisey.vice.com/de/article/bibisbeautypalace-versetzt-popmusik-den-todestoss-und-das-internet-sendet-fluche-aus|archive-date=May 6, 2017}}</ref>}} |- ! align="center" | 35 | "Yummy Fruits & Vegetables <nowiki>|</nowiki> D Billions Kids Songs"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QkjFtDZz4Xs|title=Yummy Fruits & Vegetables|date=September 16, 2020 |publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=August 1, 2021}}</ref> |D Billions | align="center" | 3.099 | align="center" |{{percentage|3.932|5.513+3.932|2}} | align="right" | September 16, 2020 | align="center" | Music video for children | |- ! align="center" | 36 | "Nani Teri Morni Ko Mor Le Gaye"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yrynT4T55Xc|title=Nani Teri Morni Ko Mor Le Gaye|date=March 11, 2016 |publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=May 29, 2020}}</ref> | Jingle Toons | align="center" | 3.088 | align="center" |{{percentage|3.185|4.846+3.185|2}} | align="right" | March 11, 2016 | align="center" | Music video for children | |- ! align="center" | 37 | "Beach Song + More Nursery Rhymes & Kids Songs"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w_IINnpSjY8|title=Beach Song + More Nursery Rhymes & Kids Songs – CoComelon|date=August 2, 2019 |publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=May 29, 2020}}</ref> | Cocomelon – Nursery Rhymes | align="center" | 3.070 | align="center" | {{percentage|3.214|4.889+3.214|2}} | align="right" | August 2, 2019 | align="center" | Music video for children | |- ! align="center" | 38 | "Wheels on the Bus + More Nursery Rhymes & Kids Songs"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wV3N-wCRL2k|title=Wheels on the Bus + More Nursery Rhymes & Kids Songs – CoComelon|date=June 28, 2018 |publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=May 29, 2020}}</ref> |Cocomelon – Nursery Rhymes | align="center" | 3.030 | align="center" |{{percentage|3.360|4.827+3.360|2}} | align="right" | June 28, 2018 | align="center" | Music video for children | |- ! align="center" | 39 | "[[Gangnam Style (music video)|Gangnam Style]]"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9bZkp7q19f0|title=PSY – GANGNAM STYLE(강남스타일) M/V|date=July 15, 2012 |publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=July 30, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726081554/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9bZkp7q19f0|archive-date=July 26, 2017}}</ref> | [[Psy]] | align="center" | 2.899 | align="center" | {{percentage|2.992|24.226+2.992|2}} | align="right" | July 15, 2012 | align="center" | Music video | align="center" |{{efn-ua|"Gangnam Style" was the most-viewed video on YouTube from November 24, 2012, until July 10, 2017.}} |- ! align="center" | 40 | "Upa Cavalinho"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fn9adh4HWUU|title=UPA CAVALINHO – Galinha Pintadinha 4 – OFICIAL|date=July 7, 2017 |publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> | [[Galinha Pintadinha]] | align="center" | 2.871 | align="center" |{{percentage|3.028|6.214+3.028|2}} | align="right" | July 7, 2017 | align="center" | Music video | |- ! align="center" | 41 | "No No Bedtime Song"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sjwl23rk6Tg|title="No No" Bedtime Song <nowiki>|</nowiki> CoComelon Nursery Rhymes & Kids Songs|date=July 12, 2017 |publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=August 1, 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910173542/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sjwl23rk6Tg|archive-date=September 10, 2020}}</ref> | Cocomelon – Nursery Rhymes | align="center" | 2.775 | align="center" |{{percentage|2.932|3.987+2.932|2}} | align="right" | July 12, 2017 | align="center" | Music video for children | align="center" | |- ! align="center" | 42 | "Yes Yes Playground Song"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KTOwPz-zMWY|title=Yes Yes Playground Song {{!}} CoComelon Nursery Rhymes & Kids Songs|date=October 23, 2018 |publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=May 29, 2020}}</ref> |Cocomelon – Nursery Rhymes | align="center" | 2.564 | align="center" |{{percentage|3.370|4.777+3.370|2}} | align="right" | October 23, 2018 | align="center" | Music video for children | |} ==Historical most-disliked videos== The following table lists the last 4 videos known to have become YouTube's most disliked video, from the implementation of the dislike button in March 2010 to December 2021. {{legend|#d0f0c0|Record as of December 13, 2021}} {{legend|#d7ccf3|Former record}} {{legend|#ffd9d9|Video has since been removed from YouTube}} {| class=wikitable ! Title ! Uploader ! Dislikes ! Upload date ! Date achieved ! Days held ! Ref(s) ! Notes |- | "~YouTube Worst Video of All Time~ vote 1 star, leave comment"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=244qR7SvvX0&|title=~YouTube Worst Video of All Time~ vote 1 star, leave comment|work=[[YouTube]]|date=October 3, 2007 |access-date=May 15, 2018}}</ref> | donotasyoudo | ~195,000 | {{dts|2007|10|03}} | {{dts|2010|03|31}} | style="background:#d7ccf3; text-align:center;" | ~'''143''' | <ref>{{cite web |last=Lowensohn |first=Josh |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/youtubes-big-redesign-goes-live-to-everyone/ |title=YouTube's big redesign goes live to everyone |website=[[CNET]] |date=March 31, 2010 |access-date=January 14, 2019}}</ref> |{{efn-ua|"~YouTube Worst Video of All Time~ vote 1 star, leave comment" was YouTube's first video to hold the No. 1 spot on this list. When the video was uploaded in 2007, YouTube still used the 5-star rating system. On March 31, 2010, when the rating system changed to [[Like button|likes and dislikes]], all previous 1 star ratings were converted to dislikes and all 5 star ratings were converted to likes. This automatically made "~YouTube Worst Video of All Time~ vote 1 star, leave comment" YouTube's most disliked video at the time.}} |- | "[[Baby (Justin Bieber song)#Music video|Baby]]"<ref name="Baby"/> | [[Justin Bieber]] | ~200,000 | {{dts|2010|02|19}} | ~{{dts|2010|08|21}} | style="background:#d7ccf3; text-align:center;" | ~'''220''' | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kffacxfA7G4 |title=Justin Bieber – Baby ft. Ludacris |website=[[YouTube]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100816215809/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kffacxfA7G4 |archive-date=August 16, 2010 |access-date=January 14, 2019 |url-status=unfit}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kffacxfA7G4 |title=Justin Bieber – Baby ft. Ludacris |website=[[YouTube]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821023345/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kffacxfA7G4 |archive-date=August 21, 2010 |access-date=January 14, 2019 |url-status=unfit}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=244qR7SvvX0 |title=~YouTube Worst Video of All Time~ vote 1 star, leave comment |website=[[YouTube]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614003644/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=244qR7SvvX0 |archive-date=June 14, 2010 |access-date=January 14, 2019 |url-status=unfit}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=244qR7SvvX0 |title=~YouTube Worst Video of All Time~ vote 1 star, leave comment |website=[[YouTube]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101103161340/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=244qR7SvvX0 |archive-date=November 3, 2010 |access-date=January 14, 2019 |url-status=unfit}}</ref> | |- bgcolor="#ffd9d9" | "[[Friday (Rebecca Black song)#Music video|Friday]]"<ref name="WaybackMachine"/> | [[ARK Music Factory|trizzy66]] | 1,200,000 | {{dts|2011|02|10}} | {{dts|2011|03|29}} | style="text-align:center;" | 79 | <ref name="time-20110330" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Hathaway |first=Jay |url=http://www.urlesque.com/2011/03/30/top-10-most-hated-youtube-videos/ |title=The Top 10 Most Hated YouTube Videos – Rebecca Black Just Became Number One |website=Urlesque |date=March 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110401043711/http://www.urlesque.com/2011/03/30/top-10-most-hated-youtube-videos/ |archive-date=April 1, 2011 |access-date=January 14, 2019}}</ref> | {{efn-ua|"Friday" surpassed over 3.2 million dislikes before it was deleted in June 2011.<ref name="WaybackMachine"/>}} |- | "Baby"<ref name="Baby"/> | [[Justin Bieber]] | 1,450,000 | {{dts|2010|02|19}} | {{dts|2011|06|16}} | style="background:#d0f0c0; text-align:center;" |'''2,737''' | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2011/06/16/rebecca-black-friday-video-no-longer-available-on-youtube/ |title=Rebecca Black Pulls Infamous 'Friday' Video From YouTube |work=[[TechCrunch]] |date=June 16, 2011 |access-date=January 14, 2019}}</ref><ref name='Guinness World Records'/> | |- | "[[YouTube Rewind 2018: Everyone Controls Rewind]]"<ref name="YTRewind2018"/> |[[YouTube (channel)|YouTube]] | 9,882,000 | {{dts|2018|12|6}} | {{dts|2018|12|13}} | style="text-align:center;" |1,096 | <ref name='VergeYTR2018'/> |{{efn-ua|"YouTube Rewind 2018" became the first video to hit 10 million dislikes, doing it within a week of its upload date.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2018/12/youtube-2018-rewind-record-10-million-dislikes-in-week|title=YouTube's "2018 Rewind" Sets All-Time Record With 10 Million Dislikes in a Week|work=Complex|date=December 13, 2018|access-date=September 9, 2019}}</ref>}} |- ! colspan="8" style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | As of December 13, 2021 |} '''Timeline of Most Disliked Videos (March 2010 – December 2021)''' <timeline> ImageSize = width:900 height:auto barincrement:20 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:130 left:20 AlignBars = late DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:2010 till:13/12/2021 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1 start:2010 Colors = id:Disliked value:rgb(0.0,0.5,0.0) legend: Most&nbsp;disliked&nbsp;on&nbsp;YouTube id:On value:gray(0.8) legend: On&nbsp;YouTube id:Removed value:rgb(1,1,1) Legend = columns:2 left:200 top:50 columnwidth:250 BarData = bar:Vote bar:Baby bar:Friday bar:YTRewind PlotData = width:5 align:left fontsize:9 shift:(5,-4) anchor:till bar:Vote from: 01/01/2010 till: 31/03/2010 color:On text: from: 31/03/2010 till: 21/08/2010 color:Disliked text: from: 21/08/2010 till: 13/12/2021 color:On text: "Vote 1 Star" bar:Baby from: 19/02/2010 till: 21/09/2010 color:On text: from: 21/08/2010 till: 30/03/2011 color:Disliked text: from: 29/03/2011 till: 16/06/2011 color:On text: from: 16/06/2011 till: 12/12/2018 color:Disliked text: from: 13/12/2018 till: 13/12/2021 color:On text: "[[Baby (Justin Bieber song)#Music video|Baby]] (2)" bar:Friday from: 10/02/2011 till: 30/03/2011 color:On text: from: 29/03/2011 till: 16/06/2011 color:Disliked text: from: 16/06/2011 till: end color:Removed text: "[[Friday (Rebecca Black song)#Music video|Friday]]" bar:YTRewind from: 06/12/2018 till: 13/12/2018 color:On text: from: 13/12/2018 till: end color:Disliked text: "[[YouTube Rewind 2018: Everyone Controls Rewind|YTRewind 2018]]" </timeline> ==Notes== {{notelist-ua}} ==References== {{reflist|refs= <ref name='VergeYTR2018'>{{cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/platform/amp/2018/12/13/18137894/youtube-rewind-2018-dislike-shane-dawson-logan-paul-pewdiepie-mkbhd-philip-defranco |date=December 13, 2018 |access-date=December 14, 2018 |title=YouTube Rewind 2018 is officially the most disliked video on YouTube |work=[[The Verge]] |first=Julia |last=Alexander}}</ref> <ref name="WaybackMachine">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CD2LRROpph0 |title=Rebecca Black – Friday (OFFICIAL VIDEO) |date=February 10, 2011 |work=YouTube |access-date=May 14, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615211127/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CD2LRROpph0 |archive-date=June 15, 2011}}</ref> <ref name="time-20110330">{{cite magazine|last=Skarda|first=Erin|date=March 30, 2011|url=https://newsfeed.time.com/2011/03/30/rebecca-black-passes-justin-bieber-as-most-disliked-on-youtube/|title=Rebecca Black Passes Justin Bieber as Most 'Disliked' on YouTube|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110401091656/http://newsfeed.time.com/2011/03/30/rebecca-black-passes-justin-bieber-as-most-disliked-on-youtube/|archive-date=April 1, 2011}}</ref> <ref name='Guinness World Records'>{{cite book|editor1-last=Glenday|editor1-first=Craig|date=2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N2ExOXxw6cAC&pg=PA304|title=Guinness World Records 2013|publisher=[[Random House]]|page=304|isbn=9780345547118}}</ref> }} [[Category:YouTube|YouTube Most Disliked]] [[Category:Lists| Disliked]] [[Category:Criticisms]] ofac6ljcjaxc29y3wu7hn2xpiqjceu2 0 1165511 10368118 10367003 2025-07-02T19:20:51Z 115.135.25.39 10368118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}} {{F1 season | year = 2026<!-- | champions = [[List of Formula One World Driversex' Champions|Drivers' Champion]]: <br>{{nowrap|[[List of Formula One World Constructors' Champions|Constructors' Champion]]: }} --> | support_series =<br>[[2026 Formula 2 Championship|Formula 2 Championship]]<br>[[2026 FIA Formula 3 Championship|FIA Formula 3 Championship]]<br>[[2026 F1 Academy season|F1 Academy season]] }} The '''2026 FIA Formula One World Championship''' is a planned motor racing championship for [[Formula One cars]] which will be the 77th running of the [[Formula One World Championship]]. It is recognised by the [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]] (FIA), the governing body of international [[motorsport]], as the highest class of competition for [[open-wheel racing car]]s. The championship will be contested over twenty-four Grands Prix held around the world. Drivers and teams are scheduled to compete for the titles of [[List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions|World Drivers' Champion]] and [[List of Formula One World Constructors' Champions|World Constructors' Champion]] respectively. == Entries == The following constructors and drivers are under contract to compete in the 2026 World Championship. All teams are due to compete with tyres supplied by [[Pirelli]]. Each team is required to enter at least two drivers, one for each of the two mandatory cars.<ref name=SR>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/fia_2026_f1_regulations_-_section_b_sporting_-_iss02_-_2024-12-11.pdf |title=2026 Formula One Sporting Regulations – Issue 2|publisher=[[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]] |date=11 December 2024|access-date=14 December 2024}}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:85%" |+{{nowrap|Teams and drivers that are contracted to compete in the 2026 World Championship}} !scope="col" rowspan="2"|Entrant !scope="col" rowspan="2"|[[List of Formula One constructors|Constructor]] !scope="col" rowspan="2" nowrap|[[Formula One engines|Power unit]] ! colspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable" |Race drivers |- !scope="col" class="unsortable"|[[List of Formula One driver numbers|No.]] !scope="col" class="unsortable"|[[List of Formula One drivers|Driver name]] |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Alpine"| {{flagg|cnxa|France}}[[BWT (company)|BWT]] Alpine Formula 1 Team ! rowspan="2" | [[Alpine F1 Team|Alpine]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]] |rowspan="2"|Mercedes<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2024|title=Alpine to use Mercedes power units and gearboxes from 2026 |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/alpine-to-use-mercedes-power-units-and-gearbox-from-2026.5jzzbQeHx7aPT3hoP5hRtc |language=en-US|website=Formula 1.com|access-date=12 November 2024}}</ref> |style="text-align:center"|10 |{{flagg|cnxa|France}} [[Pierre Gasly]] |- |style="text-align:center"|TBC |TBA |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Aston Martin"|{{flagg|cnxa|United Kingdom}}Aston Martin [[Saudi Aramco|Aramco]] Honda ! rowspan="2" | [[Aston Martin in Formula One|Aston Martin]] [[Saudi Aramco|Aramco]]-[[Honda in Formula One|Honda]] | rowspan="2" | Honda | style="text-align:center"|14 |{{flagg|cnxa|Spain}} [[Fernando Alonso]] |- |style="text-align:center"|TBA |TBA |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Audi"|{{flagg|cnxa|Germany}}Audi F1 Team ! rowspan="2" | [[Audi in Formula One|Audi]] |rowspan="2"| Audi |style="text-align:center"|5 |{{flagg|cnxa|Brazil}} [[Gabriel Bortoleto]] |- |style="text-align:center"|27 |{{flagg|cnxa|Germany}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]] |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Cadillac"|{{flagg|cnxa|United States}}Cadillac Formula 1 Team<ref name="Cadillac">{{Cite web |title=Statement on General Motors application to join FIA Formula One World Championship in 2026|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/statement-on-general-motors-application-to-join-fia-formula-one-world.69uoRF1uwHwXkr4efkpnhc |access-date=25 November 2024|date=25 November 2024|website=Formula 1.com|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Cadillac GM">{{Cite web |date=25 November 2024 |title=General Motors launches Cadillac Formula 1 Team and power unit |url=https://news.gm.com/home.detail.html/Pages/news/us/en/2024/nov/1125-f1.html |url-status=live |access-date=25 November 2024 |website=news.gm.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126112427/https://news.gm.com/home.detail.html/Pages/news/us/en/2024/nov/1125-f1.html|archive-date=26 November 2024}}</ref> ! rowspan="2" |[[Cadillac in Formula One|Cadillac]]-[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] | rowspan="2" |Ferrari<ref name="Cadillac-Ferrari">{{Cite web |title=Ferrari enters a multi-year agreement with Andretti Formula Racing|url=https://www.ferrari.com/en-EN/corporate/articles/ferrari-enters-a-multi-year-agreement-with-andretti-formula-racing |access-date=10 December 2024 |website=Ferrari.com |language=en}}</ref> |style="text-align:center"|TBC |TBA |- |style="text-align:center"|TBA |TBA |- | rowspan=2 data-sort-value="Ferrari"|{{flagg|cnxa|Italy}}Scuderia Ferrari [[HP Inc.|HP]] ! rowspan="2" | [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] |rowspan="2"| Ferrari |style="text-align:center"|16 |{{flagg|cnxa|Monaco}} [[Charles Leclerc]] |- |style="text-align:center"|44 |{{flagg|cnxa|United Kingdom}} [[Lewis Hamilton]] |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Haas"|{{flagg|cnxa|United States}} [[MoneyGram]] Haas F1 Team ! rowspan="2" |[[Haas F1 Team|Haas]]-[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] |rowspan="2"|Ferrari |style="text-align:center"|31 |{{flagg|cnxa|France}} [[Esteban Ocon]] |- |style="text-align:center"|87 |{{flagg|cnxa|United Kingdom}} [[Oliver Bearman]] |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="McLaren"|{{flagg|cnxa|United Kingdom}}McLaren Formula 1 Team ! rowspan="2"| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]] |rowspan="2"|Mercedes |style="text-align:center"|4 |{{flagg|cnxa|United Kingdom}} [[Lando Norris]] |- |style="text-align:center"|81 |{{flagg|cnxa|Australia}} [[Oscar Piastri]] |- | rowspan=2 data-sort-value="Mercedes"|{{flagg|cnxa|Germany}}Mercedes-AMG [[Petronas]] F1 Team ! rowspan="2" | [[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]] |rowspan="2"| Mercedes |style="text-align:center"|12 |{{flagg|cnxa|Italy}} [[Andrea Kimi Antonelli]] |- |style="text-align:center"|TBC |TBA |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Racing Bulls"|{{flagg|cnxa|Italy}}[[Visa Inc.|Visa]] [[Cash App]] Racing Bulls F1 Team !rowspan=2|[[Racing Bulls]]-[[Red Bull Ford Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]] |rowspan="2"|Red Bull Ford |style="text-align:center"|TBC |TBA |- |style="text-align:center"|TBC |TBA |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Red Bull Racing"|{{flagg|cnxa|Austria}}[[Oracle Corporation|Oracle]] Red Bull Racing !rowspan="2"|[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Red Bull Ford Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]] |rowspan="2"|Red Bull Ford |style="text-align:center"|TBA |TBA |- |style="text-align:center"|TBC |TBA |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Williams"|{{flagg|cnxa|United Kingdom}}[[Atlassian]] Williams Racing<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mann-Bryans |first1=Mark |title=Record title sponsorship for Williams F1 as Atlassian deal announced |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/record-title-sponsorship-for-williams-f1-as-atlassian-deal-announced/10695069/ |access-date=11 February 2025 |work=Autosport.com |date=11 February 2025}}</ref> !rowspan="2"|[[Williams Racing|Williams]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]] |rowspan="2"| Mercedes |style="text-align:center"|23 |{{flagg|cnxa|Thailand}} [[Alex Albon]] |- |style="text-align:center"|55 |{{flagg|cnxa|Spain}} [[Carlos Sainz Jr.]] |} == Calendar == [[File:Formula 1 all over the world-2026.svg|thumb|upright=1.3|Nations that are scheduled to host a [[list of Formula One Grands Prix|Grand Prix]] in 2026 are highlighted in green, with circuit locations marked with a black dot. Former host nations are shown in dark grey, and former host circuits are marked with a white dot.]] The 2026 calendar comprises twenty-four Grands Prix, as with the previous two seasons:<ref name="2026 calendar">{{cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/formula-1-reveals-calendar-for-2026-season.YctbMZWqBvrgyddrnauo8|title=Formula 1 reveals calendar for 2026 season|website=Formula 1.com|date=10 June 2025|access-date=10 June 2025}}</ref> {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;" ! data-sort-type="number" |Round ![[List of Formula One Grands Prix|Grand Prix]] ![[List of Formula One circuits|Circuit]] ! class="unsortable" |Race date |- !1 |[[Australian Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Albert Park Circuit]], [[Melbourne]] |8 March |- !2 |[[Chinese Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Shanghai International Circuit]], [[Shanghai]] |15 March |- !3 |[[Japanese Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Suzuka Circuit|Suzuka International Racing Course]], [[Suzuka, Mie|Suzuka]] |29 March |- !4 |[[Bahrain Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|BHR}} [[Bahrain International Circuit]], [[Sakhir]] |12 April |- !5 |nowrap|[[Saudi Arabian Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|SAU}} [[Jeddah Corniche Circuit]], [[Jeddah]] |19 April |- !6 |[[Miami Grand Prix]] |nowrap|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Miami International Autodrome]], [[Miami Gardens, Florida]] |3 May |- !7 |[[Canadian Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Circuit Gilles Villeneuve]], [[Montreal]] |24 May |- !8 |[[Monaco Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|MON}} [[Circuit de Monaco]], [[Municipality of Monaco|Monaco]] |7 June |- !9 |[[Barcelona-Catalunya Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya]], [[Montmeló]] |14 June |- !10 |[[Austrian Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Red Bull Ring]], [[Spielberg, Styria|Spielberg]] |28 June |- !11 |[[British Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Silverstone Circuit]], [[Silverstone]] |5 July |- !12 |[[Belgian Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps]], [[Stavelot]] |19 July |- !13 |[[Hungarian Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Hungaroring]], [[Mogyoród]] |26 July |- !14 |[[Dutch Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|NED}} [[Circuit Zandvoort]], [[Zandvoort]] |23 August |- !15 |[[Italian Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Monza Circuit]], [[Monza]] |6 September |- !16 |[[Spanish Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Madring]], [[Madrid]] |13 September |- !17 |[[Azerbaijan Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|AZE}} [[Baku City Circuit]], [[Baku]] |nowrap|27 September |- !18 |[[Singapore Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|SIN}} [[Marina Bay Street Circuit]], [[Singapore]] |11 October |- !19 |[[United States Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|USA}} [[Circuit of the Americas]], [[Austin, Texas]] |25 October |- !20 |[[Mexico City Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez]], [[Mexico City]] |1 November |- !21 |[[São Paulo Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Interlagos Circuit]], [[São Paulo]] |8 November |- !22 |[[Las Vegas Grand Prix]]{{efn|Saturday race.}} |{{flagicon|USA}} [[Las Vegas Strip Circuit]], [[Paradise, Nevada]] |21 November |- !23 |[[Qatar Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|QAT}} [[Lusail International Circuit]], [[Lusail]] |29 November |- !24 |[[Abu Dhabi Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|UAE}} [[Yas Marina Circuit]], [[Abu Dhabi]] |6 December |- ! colspan="4" |Source:<ref name="2026 calendar"/> |} == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Formula One seasons]] [[Category:2026 in sports]] [[Category:2020s in motorsport]] mmde1tvgv4785q10uh337za3ogti9u6 10369400 10368118 2025-07-03T11:04:38Z 115.135.25.39 /* Entries */ 10369400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}} {{F1 season | year = 2026<!-- | champions = [[List of Formula One World Driversex' Champions|Drivers' Champion]]: <br>{{nowrap|[[List of Formula One World Constructors' Champions|Constructors' Champion]]: }} --> | support_series =<br>[[2026 Formula 2 Championship|Formula 2 Championship]]<br>[[2026 FIA Formula 3 Championship|FIA Formula 3 Championship]]<br>[[2026 F1 Academy season|F1 Academy season]] }} The '''2026 FIA Formula One World Championship''' is a planned motor racing championship for [[Formula One cars]] which will be the 77th running of the [[Formula One World Championship]]. It is recognised by the [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]] (FIA), the governing body of international [[motorsport]], as the highest class of competition for [[open-wheel racing car]]s. The championship will be contested over twenty-four Grands Prix held around the world. Drivers and teams are scheduled to compete for the titles of [[List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions|World Drivers' Champion]] and [[List of Formula One World Constructors' Champions|World Constructors' Champion]] respectively. == Entries == The following constructors and drivers are under contract to compete in the 2026 World Championship. All teams are due to compete with tyres supplied by [[Pirelli]]. Each team is required to enter at least two drivers, one for each of the two mandatory cars.<ref name=SR>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/fia_2026_f1_regulations_-_section_b_sporting_-_iss02_-_2024-12-11.pdf |title=2026 Formula One Sporting Regulations – Issue 2|publisher=[[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]] |date=11 December 2024|access-date=14 December 2024}}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:85%" |+{{nowrap|Teams and drivers that are contracted to compete in the 2026 World Championship}} !scope="col" rowspan="2"|Entrant !scope="col" rowspan="2"|[[List of Formula One constructors|Constructor]] !scope="col" rowspan="2" nowrap|[[Formula One engines|Power unit]] ! colspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable" |Race drivers |- !scope="col" class="unsortable"|[[List of Formula One driver numbers|No.]] !scope="col" class="unsortable"|[[List of Formula One drivers|Driver name]] |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Alpine"| {{flagg|cnxa|France}}[[BWT (company)|BWT]] Alpine Formula 1 Team ! rowspan="2" | [[Alpine F1 Team|Alpine]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]] |rowspan="2"|Mercedes<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2024|title=Alpine to use Mercedes power units and gearboxes from 2026 |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/alpine-to-use-mercedes-power-units-and-gearbox-from-2026.5jzzbQeHx7aPT3hoP5hRtc |language=en-US|website=Formula 1.com|access-date=12 November 2024}}</ref> |style="text-align:center"|10 |{{flagg|cnxa|France}} [[Pierre Gasly]] |- |style="text-align:center"|TBC |TBA |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Aston Martin"|{{flagg|cnxa|United Kingdom}}Aston Martin [[Saudi Aramco|Aramco]] Honda ! rowspan="2" | [[Aston Martin in Formula One|Aston Martin]] [[Saudi Aramco|Aramco]]-[[Honda in Formula One|Honda]] | rowspan="2" | Honda | style="text-align:center"|14 |{{flagg|cnxa|Spain}} [[Fernando Alonso]] |- |style="text-align:center"|63 |{{flagg|cnxa|United Kingdom}} [[George Russell (racing driver)|George Russell]] |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Audi"|{{flagg|cnxa|Germany}}Audi F1 Team ! rowspan="2" | [[Audi in Formula One|Audi]] |rowspan="2"| Audi |style="text-align:center"|5 |{{flagg|cnxa|Brazil}} [[Gabriel Bortoleto]] |- |style="text-align:center"|27 |{{flagg|cnxa|Germany}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]] |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Cadillac"|{{flagg|cnxa|United States}}Cadillac Formula 1 Team<ref name="Cadillac">{{Cite web |title=Statement on General Motors application to join FIA Formula One World Championship in 2026|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/statement-on-general-motors-application-to-join-fia-formula-one-world.69uoRF1uwHwXkr4efkpnhc |access-date=25 November 2024|date=25 November 2024|website=Formula 1.com|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Cadillac GM">{{Cite web |date=25 November 2024 |title=General Motors launches Cadillac Formula 1 Team and power unit |url=https://news.gm.com/home.detail.html/Pages/news/us/en/2024/nov/1125-f1.html |url-status=live |access-date=25 November 2024 |website=news.gm.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126112427/https://news.gm.com/home.detail.html/Pages/news/us/en/2024/nov/1125-f1.html|archive-date=26 November 2024}}</ref> ! rowspan="2" |[[Cadillac in Formula One|Cadillac]]-[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] | rowspan="2" |Ferrari<ref name="Cadillac-Ferrari">{{Cite web |title=Ferrari enters a multi-year agreement with Andretti Formula Racing|url=https://www.ferrari.com/en-EN/corporate/articles/ferrari-enters-a-multi-year-agreement-with-andretti-formula-racing |access-date=10 December 2024 |website=Ferrari.com |language=en}}</ref> |style="text-align:center"|22 |{{flagg|cnxa|Japan}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]] |- |style="text-align:center"|TBA |TBA |- | rowspan=2 data-sort-value="Ferrari"|{{flagg|cnxa|Italy}}Scuderia Ferrari [[HP Inc.|HP]] ! rowspan="2" | [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] |rowspan="2"| Ferrari |style="text-align:center"|16 |{{flagg|cnxa|Monaco}} [[Charles Leclerc]] |- |style="text-align:center"|44 |{{flagg|cnxa|United Kingdom}} [[Lewis Hamilton]] |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Haas"|{{flagg|cnxa|United States}} [[MoneyGram]] Haas F1 Team ! rowspan="2" |[[Haas F1 Team|Haas]]-[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] |rowspan="2"|Ferrari |style="text-align:center"|31 |{{flagg|cnxa|France}} [[Esteban Ocon]] |- |style="text-align:center"|87 |{{flagg|cnxa|United Kingdom}} [[Oliver Bearman]] |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="McLaren"|{{flagg|cnxa|United Kingdom}}McLaren Formula 1 Team ! rowspan="2"| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]] |rowspan="2"|Mercedes |style="text-align:center"|4 |{{flagg|cnxa|United Kingdom}} [[Lando Norris]] |- |style="text-align:center"|81 |{{flagg|cnxa|Australia}} [[Oscar Piastri]] |- | rowspan=2 data-sort-value="Mercedes"|{{flagg|cnxa|Germany}}Mercedes-AMG [[Petronas]] F1 Team ! rowspan="2" | [[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]] |rowspan="2"| Mercedes |style="text-align:center"|12 |{{flagg|cnxa|Italy}} [[Andrea Kimi Antonelli]] |- |style="text-align:center"|33 |{{flagg|cnxa|Netherlands}} [[Max Verstappen]] |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Racing Bulls"|{{flagg|cnxa|Italy}}[[Visa Inc.|Visa]] [[Cash App]] Racing Bulls F1 Team !rowspan=2|[[Racing Bulls]]-[[Red Bull Ford Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]] |rowspan="2"|Red Bull Ford |style="text-align:center"|TBC |TBA |- |style="text-align:center"|TBC |TBA |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Red Bull Racing"|{{flagg|cnxa|Austria}}[[Oracle Corporation|Oracle]] Red Bull Racing !rowspan="2"|[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Red Bull Ford Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]] |rowspan="2"|Red Bull Ford |style="text-align:center"|TBA |TBA |- |style="text-align:center"|TBC |TBA |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Williams"|{{flagg|cnxa|United Kingdom}}[[Atlassian]] Williams Racing<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mann-Bryans |first1=Mark |title=Record title sponsorship for Williams F1 as Atlassian deal announced |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/record-title-sponsorship-for-williams-f1-as-atlassian-deal-announced/10695069/ |access-date=11 February 2025 |work=Autosport.com |date=11 February 2025}}</ref> !rowspan="2"|[[Williams Racing|Williams]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]] |rowspan="2"| Mercedes |style="text-align:center"|23 |{{flagg|cnxa|Thailand}} [[Alex Albon]] |- |style="text-align:center"|55 |{{flagg|cnxa|Spain}} [[Carlos Sainz Jr.]] |} == Calendar == [[File:Formula 1 all over the world-2026.svg|thumb|upright=1.3|Nations that are scheduled to host a [[list of Formula One Grands Prix|Grand Prix]] in 2026 are highlighted in green, with circuit locations marked with a black dot. Former host nations are shown in dark grey, and former host circuits are marked with a white dot.]] The 2026 calendar comprises twenty-four Grands Prix, as with the previous two seasons:<ref name="2026 calendar">{{cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/formula-1-reveals-calendar-for-2026-season.YctbMZWqBvrgyddrnauo8|title=Formula 1 reveals calendar for 2026 season|website=Formula 1.com|date=10 June 2025|access-date=10 June 2025}}</ref> {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;" ! data-sort-type="number" |Round ![[List of Formula One Grands Prix|Grand Prix]] ![[List of Formula One circuits|Circuit]] ! class="unsortable" |Race date |- !1 |[[Australian Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Albert Park Circuit]], [[Melbourne]] |8 March |- !2 |[[Chinese Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Shanghai International Circuit]], [[Shanghai]] |15 March |- !3 |[[Japanese Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Suzuka Circuit|Suzuka International Racing Course]], [[Suzuka, Mie|Suzuka]] |29 March |- !4 |[[Bahrain Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|BHR}} [[Bahrain International Circuit]], [[Sakhir]] |12 April |- !5 |nowrap|[[Saudi Arabian Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|SAU}} [[Jeddah Corniche Circuit]], [[Jeddah]] |19 April |- !6 |[[Miami Grand Prix]] |nowrap|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Miami International Autodrome]], [[Miami Gardens, Florida]] |3 May |- !7 |[[Canadian Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Circuit Gilles Villeneuve]], [[Montreal]] |24 May |- !8 |[[Monaco Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|MON}} [[Circuit de Monaco]], [[Municipality of Monaco|Monaco]] |7 June |- !9 |[[Barcelona-Catalunya Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya]], [[Montmeló]] |14 June |- !10 |[[Austrian Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Red Bull Ring]], [[Spielberg, Styria|Spielberg]] |28 June |- !11 |[[British Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Silverstone Circuit]], [[Silverstone]] |5 July |- !12 |[[Belgian Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps]], [[Stavelot]] |19 July |- !13 |[[Hungarian Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Hungaroring]], [[Mogyoród]] |26 July |- !14 |[[Dutch Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|NED}} [[Circuit Zandvoort]], [[Zandvoort]] |23 August |- !15 |[[Italian Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Monza Circuit]], [[Monza]] |6 September |- !16 |[[Spanish Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Madring]], [[Madrid]] |13 September |- !17 |[[Azerbaijan Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|AZE}} [[Baku City Circuit]], [[Baku]] |nowrap|27 September |- !18 |[[Singapore Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|SIN}} [[Marina Bay Street Circuit]], [[Singapore]] |11 October |- !19 |[[United States Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|USA}} [[Circuit of the Americas]], [[Austin, Texas]] |25 October |- !20 |[[Mexico City Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez]], [[Mexico City]] |1 November |- !21 |[[São Paulo Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Interlagos Circuit]], [[São Paulo]] |8 November |- !22 |[[Las Vegas Grand Prix]]{{efn|Saturday race.}} |{{flagicon|USA}} [[Las Vegas Strip Circuit]], [[Paradise, Nevada]] |21 November |- !23 |[[Qatar Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|QAT}} [[Lusail International Circuit]], [[Lusail]] |29 November |- !24 |[[Abu Dhabi Grand Prix]] |{{flagicon|UAE}} [[Yas Marina Circuit]], [[Abu Dhabi]] |6 December |- ! colspan="4" |Source:<ref name="2026 calendar"/> |} == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Formula One seasons]] [[Category:2026 in sports]] [[Category:2020s in motorsport]] pp6u0lm5ofxf23heiqg4qm701vcx2ve 0 1166675 10367909 10072867 2025-07-02T16:48:27Z Davey2010 314522 /* AY Type and AYS Type */ rm redundant wording 10367909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}} {{Use British English|date=January 2018}}{{Infobox UK Bus | background = | name = Alexander Y Type | image = LeylandLeopardAlexanderYTypeMFR306P.jpg | caption = Alexander AYS Type body on [[Leyland Leopard]] chassis. | manufacturer = [[Walter Alexander Coachbuilders|Alexander]] | production = 1962–1983 | assembly = [[Falkirk]], Scotland | replaced = | capacity = | operator = | length = 10.0m, 11.0m and 12.0m | width = 2.5m | height = 3.0m | floortype = [[High-floor|Step entrance]] | doors = 1 door | weight = | chassis = [[Leyland Leopard]]<ref name="Leyland Leopard chassis" /><br />[[AEC Reliance]]<ref name="AEC Reliance chassis" /><br />[[Seddon Pennine 7]]<ref name="Seddon Pennine chassis" /><br />[[Ford R-Series]]<ref name="Ford R chassis" /><br />[[Albion Viking]]<ref name="Albion Viking chassis" /><br />[[Bristol RE]]<ref name="Bristol RE chassis" /><br />[[Bristol LH]]<br />[[Bedford Y series]]<br />[[Leyland Tiger Cub]]<ref name="Leyland Tiger Cub chassis" /><br />[[Bedford VAM]]<ref name="Bedford VAM chassis" /><br />[[Leyland Panther]]<ref name="Leyland Panther chassis" /><br />[[Dennis Lancet]]<br />[[Volvo B58]]<ref name="Volvo B58 chassis" /><br />[[Volvo B57]]<ref name="Volvo B57 chassis" /> | engine = | powerout = | transmission = }} The '''Alexander Y Type''' was a [[single-decker bus|single-decker]] [[Coachwork|body]] of a [[bus]]. It had a [[Step entrance bus|step entrance]]. It was made from 1962 to 1983 by [[Walter Alexander Coachbuilders]] in [[Falkirk]], Scotland. The Y Type body was built on the following [[chassis]]: * [[Leyland Leopard]] chassis<ref name="Leyland Leopard chassis">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hMh5DAAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+Y+Type&pg=PT49|title=Kelvin Central Buses|last=Devoy|first=David|date=15 June 2016|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-4456-5485-0|language=en|access-date=5 February 2025}}</ref> * [[AEC Reliance]] chassis<ref name="AEC Reliance chassis">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l86vDwAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+Y+Type&pg=PA2073|title=Buses and Coaches in South East Wales in the 1970s|last=Street|first=Mike|date=15 September 2019|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-4456-9007-0|language=en|access-date=5 February 2025}}</ref> * [[Seddon Pennine 7]] chassis<ref name="Seddon Pennine chassis">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u-ViCgAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+Y+Type&pg=PT85|title=Western SMT Buses|last=Devoy|first=David|date=15 June 2015|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-4456-4669-5|language=en|access-date=5 February 2025}}</ref> * [[Ford R-Series]] chassis<ref name="Ford R chassis">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=luKGCgAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+Y+Type&pg=PA2014|title=Lanarkshire Independents|last=Devoy|first=David|date=15 September 2015|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-4456-5250-4|language=en|access-date=5 February 2025}}</ref> * [[Albion Viking]] chassis<ref name="Albion Viking chassis">{{cite book |last1=Burt |first1=Walter |title=Midland Scottish Buses |date=2014 |publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-4456-3476-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=72PGCQAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+Y+Type+Albion+Viking&pg=PT20 |accessdate=5 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Bristol RE]] chassis<ref name="Bristol RE chassis">{{cite book |last1=Burt |first1=Walter |title=Kirkcaldy & Central Fife's Trams & Buses |date=2012 |publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-4456-1164-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p_TBBQAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+Y+Type+Bristol+RE&pg=PT121 |accessdate=5 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Bristol LH]] chassis * [[Bedford Y series]] chassis * [[Leyland Tiger Cub]] chassis<ref name="Leyland Tiger Cub chassis">{{cite book |last1=Devoy |first1=David |title=Scotland's Independent Coach Operators |date=2018 |publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-4456-7457-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SuOYDwAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+Y+Type+Leyland+Tiger+Cub&pg=RA3-PT31 |accessdate=5 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Bedford VAM]] chassis<ref name="Bedford VAM chassis">{{cite book |last1=Sinclair |first1=John |title=Highland Buses: From Oban to Inverness |date=2013 |publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-4456-1479-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xkqoAwAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+Y+Type+Bedford+VAM&pg=RA4-PT40 |accessdate=5 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Leyland Panther]] chassis<ref name="Leyland Panther chassis">{{cite book |last1=Fairbairn |first1=George |title=Lancashire Buses in the 1980s |date=2018 |publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-4456-7057-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5KyIDwAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+Y+Type+Leyland+Panther&pg=PT138 |accessdate=5 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Dennis Lancet]] chassis * [[Volvo B58]] chassis<ref name="Volvo B58 chassis">{{cite web |title=1.Volvo B58 Press |url=https://cbwmagazine.com/behind-the-wheel-of-volvos-mid-engined-success/1-volvo-b58-press/ |website=CBW |accessdate=5 February 2025 |quote=BUS 653K, the pioneering Volvo B58 chassis in the UK, and originally fitted with an Alexander Y body for demonstration purposes. VOLVO PRESS IMAGE}}</ref> * [[Volvo B57]] chassis<ref name="Volvo B57 chassis">{{cite book |last1=Findlay |first1=Peter |title=The Buses of Northern Scottish: From Alexanders (Northern) to Stagecoach |date=2013 |publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-4456-1551-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a12oAwAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+Y+Type+Volvo+B57&pg=PT95 |accessdate=5 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref> == AY Type and AYS Type == In 1971, Alexander made different [[single-decker bus|single-decker]] bus [[Coachwork|bodies]] called: * '''AY Type''' (the A meant [[alloy construction]]) * '''AYS Type''' (the S meant service bus [[specification]]) == References == {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *[http://www.clydeside-scottish.co.uk/ Preserved Ex Clydeside Scottish Leyland Leopard Bus Website] {{Walter Alexander bodies}} [[Category:Alexander Dennis buses|Y]] drdpc7tlbtg0z2lcxwon0wlmbr50xzk 10368023 10367909 2025-07-02T17:58:36Z Davey2010 314522 added [[Category:Step-entrance buses]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10368023 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}} {{Use British English|date=January 2018}}{{Infobox UK Bus | background = | name = Alexander Y Type | image = LeylandLeopardAlexanderYTypeMFR306P.jpg | caption = Alexander AYS Type body on [[Leyland Leopard]] chassis. | manufacturer = [[Walter Alexander Coachbuilders|Alexander]] | production = 1962–1983 | assembly = [[Falkirk]], Scotland | replaced = | capacity = | operator = | length = 10.0m, 11.0m and 12.0m | width = 2.5m | height = 3.0m | floortype = [[High-floor|Step entrance]] | doors = 1 door | weight = | chassis = [[Leyland Leopard]]<ref name="Leyland Leopard chassis" /><br />[[AEC Reliance]]<ref name="AEC Reliance chassis" /><br />[[Seddon Pennine 7]]<ref name="Seddon Pennine chassis" /><br />[[Ford R-Series]]<ref name="Ford R chassis" /><br />[[Albion Viking]]<ref name="Albion Viking chassis" /><br />[[Bristol RE]]<ref name="Bristol RE chassis" /><br />[[Bristol LH]]<br />[[Bedford Y series]]<br />[[Leyland Tiger Cub]]<ref name="Leyland Tiger Cub chassis" /><br />[[Bedford VAM]]<ref name="Bedford VAM chassis" /><br />[[Leyland Panther]]<ref name="Leyland Panther chassis" /><br />[[Dennis Lancet]]<br />[[Volvo B58]]<ref name="Volvo B58 chassis" /><br />[[Volvo B57]]<ref name="Volvo B57 chassis" /> | engine = | powerout = | transmission = }} The '''Alexander Y Type''' was a [[single-decker bus|single-decker]] [[Coachwork|body]] of a [[bus]]. It had a [[Step entrance bus|step entrance]]. It was made from 1962 to 1983 by [[Walter Alexander Coachbuilders]] in [[Falkirk]], Scotland. The Y Type body was built on the following [[chassis]]: * [[Leyland Leopard]] chassis<ref name="Leyland Leopard chassis">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hMh5DAAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+Y+Type&pg=PT49|title=Kelvin Central Buses|last=Devoy|first=David|date=15 June 2016|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-4456-5485-0|language=en|access-date=5 February 2025}}</ref> * [[AEC Reliance]] chassis<ref name="AEC Reliance chassis">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l86vDwAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+Y+Type&pg=PA2073|title=Buses and Coaches in South East Wales in the 1970s|last=Street|first=Mike|date=15 September 2019|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-4456-9007-0|language=en|access-date=5 February 2025}}</ref> * [[Seddon Pennine 7]] chassis<ref name="Seddon Pennine chassis">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u-ViCgAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+Y+Type&pg=PT85|title=Western SMT Buses|last=Devoy|first=David|date=15 June 2015|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-4456-4669-5|language=en|access-date=5 February 2025}}</ref> * [[Ford R-Series]] chassis<ref name="Ford R chassis">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=luKGCgAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+Y+Type&pg=PA2014|title=Lanarkshire Independents|last=Devoy|first=David|date=15 September 2015|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-4456-5250-4|language=en|access-date=5 February 2025}}</ref> * [[Albion Viking]] chassis<ref name="Albion Viking chassis">{{cite book |last1=Burt |first1=Walter |title=Midland Scottish Buses |date=2014 |publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-4456-3476-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=72PGCQAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+Y+Type+Albion+Viking&pg=PT20 |accessdate=5 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Bristol RE]] chassis<ref name="Bristol RE chassis">{{cite book |last1=Burt |first1=Walter |title=Kirkcaldy & Central Fife's Trams & Buses |date=2012 |publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-4456-1164-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p_TBBQAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+Y+Type+Bristol+RE&pg=PT121 |accessdate=5 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Bristol LH]] chassis * [[Bedford Y series]] chassis * [[Leyland Tiger Cub]] chassis<ref name="Leyland Tiger Cub chassis">{{cite book |last1=Devoy |first1=David |title=Scotland's Independent Coach Operators |date=2018 |publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-4456-7457-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SuOYDwAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+Y+Type+Leyland+Tiger+Cub&pg=RA3-PT31 |accessdate=5 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Bedford VAM]] chassis<ref name="Bedford VAM chassis">{{cite book |last1=Sinclair |first1=John |title=Highland Buses: From Oban to Inverness |date=2013 |publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-4456-1479-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xkqoAwAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+Y+Type+Bedford+VAM&pg=RA4-PT40 |accessdate=5 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Leyland Panther]] chassis<ref name="Leyland Panther chassis">{{cite book |last1=Fairbairn |first1=George |title=Lancashire Buses in the 1980s |date=2018 |publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-4456-7057-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5KyIDwAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+Y+Type+Leyland+Panther&pg=PT138 |accessdate=5 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Dennis Lancet]] chassis * [[Volvo B58]] chassis<ref name="Volvo B58 chassis">{{cite web |title=1.Volvo B58 Press |url=https://cbwmagazine.com/behind-the-wheel-of-volvos-mid-engined-success/1-volvo-b58-press/ |website=CBW |accessdate=5 February 2025 |quote=BUS 653K, the pioneering Volvo B58 chassis in the UK, and originally fitted with an Alexander Y body for demonstration purposes. VOLVO PRESS IMAGE}}</ref> * [[Volvo B57]] chassis<ref name="Volvo B57 chassis">{{cite book |last1=Findlay |first1=Peter |title=The Buses of Northern Scottish: From Alexanders (Northern) to Stagecoach |date=2013 |publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-4456-1551-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a12oAwAAQBAJ&dq=Alexander+Y+Type+Volvo+B57&pg=PT95 |accessdate=5 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref> == AY Type and AYS Type == In 1971, Alexander made different [[single-decker bus|single-decker]] bus [[Coachwork|bodies]] called: * '''AY Type''' (the A meant [[alloy construction]]) * '''AYS Type''' (the S meant service bus [[specification]]) == References == {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *[http://www.clydeside-scottish.co.uk/ Preserved Ex Clydeside Scottish Leyland Leopard Bus Website] {{Walter Alexander bodies}} [[Category:Alexander Dennis buses|Y]] [[Category:Step-entrance buses]] e7dgrpd3umqe3fofsvfc7nfobai5yxz 3 1166960 10368967 10354880 2025-07-03T05:00:46Z Bot873 764901 Bot: Archiving 2 threads from [[User talk:BRPever]] 10368967 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talk archive}} == RfB == Hello. I just wanted to let you know that I nominated you for adminship :). RfB is available here: [[Wikipedia:Requests for bureaucratship/BRPever]]. Good luck! Best regards, [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 11:07, 5 January 2025 (UTC) == 2028 Philippine presidential election == I need help against an ip who keeps on vandalizing [[2028 Philippine presidential election]]. [[User:Theparties|Theparties]] ([[User talk:Theparties|talk]]) 05:51, 6 January 2025 (UTC) == Closing date at RFA == I believe the closing date at [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/TDKR Chicago 101 5]] was supposed to change based on [[WP:CFA]]: "If the candidate is nominated by another editor, the one week period is calculated from when the nominated person accepts the nomination." Should the closing date be changed? I asked the nominator but they said it should not be changed and a bureaucrat should decide when it closes. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:6102:D339:5958:92DB|2601:644:907E:A70:6102:D339:5958:92DB]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:6102:D339:5958:92DB|talk]]) 18:50, 6 January 2025 (UTC) :It will probably be changed or be taken into consideration once it gets a crat's attention. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 18:59, 6 January 2025 (UTC) ::Okay, accepted. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:6102:D339:5958:92DB|2601:644:907E:A70:6102:D339:5958:92DB]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:6102:D339:5958:92DB|talk]]) 19:18, 6 January 2025 (UTC) == Request for Unblock == ''I want to apologise for every wrong I did that resulted to the blocking of my accounts "Joseph4real1995 and Abu4real1995". I'm using your talk page because my talk page was block from editing. It's over a while since I was blocked and I perceive now to be appropriate for an apology following other apologies that were earlier ignored. I was actually new at that time I was blocked and most of my operations were done out of ignorant but finally I have learnt the policies governing the platform within the period of my block. If having two accounts is not according to Wikipedia standard, I will appreciate one to be unblocked and If unblocked, I promise that I will comply with the Wikipedia standard going forward. Kindly consider my plea. Thank you!'' [[Special:Contributions/197.210.53.90|197.210.53.90]] ([[User talk:197.210.53.90|talk]]) 05:45, 7 January 2025 (UTC) :I do not know the circumstances surrounding this. Please email your request at simple-admins-l@lists.wikimedia.org for admins to review. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 06:08, 7 January 2025 (UTC) ::I have sent an email before now, but no response. However, I just sent again. Thank you! [[Special:Contributions/197.210.53.90|197.210.53.90]] ([[User talk:197.210.53.90|talk]]) 06:57, 7 January 2025 (UTC) ::Greetings! Please, in respect to my unblock request, can someone attend to my request. I have sent a mail but nobody has attended to it. This happened last year until the year ended. Sorry I'm using your talk page to communicate this, but it's quite disturbing. I will appreciate your kind response, thank you! [[Special:Contributions/102.91.4.33|102.91.4.33]] ([[User talk:102.91.4.33|talk]]) 14:30, 9 January 2025 (UTC) :: Please see [[Wikipedia:Requests_for_checkuser/Archive22#Revisiting_Adelaja_Adeoye_accounts]] that you handled. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 14:34, 9 January 2025 (UTC) :: Please also see [[Wikipedia:Requests_for_checkuser/Archives/2024-09#Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/Requests/2024/Adelaja_Adeoye]] for the 1st CU request. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 14:40, 9 January 2025 (UTC) :::Alr, thanks, I will review the unblock request and respond via email. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 14:43, 9 January 2025 (UTC) == Edit war == These two editors, [[User:Tuscan Ant]] and [[User:FireBreathMan]] seems to be edit warring. Any action needed?<span id="Cactusisme:1736562425893:User_talkFTTCLNBRPever" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] ^{[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]} ^{[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]} 02:27, 11 January 2025 (UTC)</span> :@[[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] I blocked one of them after checking few of their edits. I think both of their edits needs to checked and verified. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 02:46, 11 January 2025 (UTC) ::Alright, thanks<span id="Cactusisme:1736563707956:User_talkFTTCLNBRPever" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] ^{[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]} ^{[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]} 02:48, 11 January 2025 (UTC)</span> == Your RfB was successful... == Hello, and congratulation to status change. I have added the new flag. Use the new power wisely. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 15:03, 12 January 2025 (UTC) :Thanks, [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 15:07, 12 January 2025 (UTC) == Tech News: 2025-03 == <section begin="technews-2025-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Single User Login system is being updated over the next few months. This is the system which allows users to fill out the login form on one Wikimedia site and get logged in on all others at the same time. It needs to be updated because of the ways that browsers are increasingly restricting cross-domain cookies. To accommodate these restrictions, login and account creation pages will move to a central domain, but it will still appear to the user as if they are on the originating wiki. The updated code will be enabled this week for users on test wikis. This change is planned to roll out to all users during February and March. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and a timeline. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments|PageAssessments]] installed, you can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments#Search|filter search results]] to pages in a given WikiProject by using the <code dir=ltr>inproject:</code> keyword. (These wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-huwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378868] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34129|Tigre]] ([[w:tig:|<code>w:tig:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381377] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with updating a user's edit-count after making a rollback edit, which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382592] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia REST API users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. Starting the week of January 13, we will begin rerouting [[phab:T374683|some page content endpoints]] from RESTbase to the newer MediaWiki REST API endpoints for all wiki projects. This change was previously available on testwiki and should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints may raise issues directly to the [[phab:project/view/6931/|MediaWiki Interfaces Team]] in Phabricator if they arise. * Toolforge tool maintainers can now share their feedback on Toolforge UI, an initiative to provide a web platform that allows creating and managing Toolforge tools through a graphic interface, in addition to existing command-line workflows. This project aims to streamline active maintainers’ tasks, as well as make registration and deployment processes more accessible for new tool creators. The initiative is still at a very early stage, and the Cloud Services team is in the process of collecting feedback from the Toolforge community to help shape the solution to their needs. [[wikitech:Wikimedia Cloud Services team/EnhancementProposals/Toolforge UI|Read more and share your thoughts about Toolforge UI]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] For tool and library developers who use the OAuth system: The identity endpoint used for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user|OAuth 1]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user 2|OAuth 2]] returned a JSON object with an integer in its <code>sub</code> field, which was incorrect (the field must always be a string). This has been fixed; the fix will be deployed to Wikimedia wikis on the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382139] * Many wikis currently use [[:mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|Cite CSS]] to render custom footnote markers in Parsoid output. Starting January 20 these rules will be disabled, but the developers ask you to ''not'' clean up your <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi> until February 20 to avoid issues during the migration. Your wikis might experience some small changes to footnote markers in Visual Editor and when using experimental Parsoid read mode, but if there are changes these are expected to bring the rendering in line with the legacy parser output. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370027] '''Meetings and events''' * The next meeting in the series of [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation Community Conversations with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 08:00 UTC|January 15 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is defining the priorities in tool investment for Commons. Contributors from all wikis, especially users who are maintaining tools for Commons, are welcome to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W03"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:42, 14 January 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28048614 --> == Tech News: 2025-04 == <section begin="technews-2025-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can mass-delete multiple pages created by a user or IP address using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Extension:Nuke]]. It previously only allowed deletion of pages created in the last 30 days. It can now delete pages from the last 90 days, provided it is targeting a specific user or IP address. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380846] * On [[phab:P72148|wikis that use]] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Patrolled edits|Patrolled edits]] feature, when the rollback feature is used to revert an unpatrolled page revision, that revision will now be marked as "manually patrolled" instead of "autopatrolled", which is more accurate. Some editors that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|filters]] on Recent Changes may need to update their filter settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302140] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Visual Editor's "Insert link" feature did not always suggest existing pages properly when an editor started typing, which has now been [[phab:T383497|fixed]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is being progressively removed from the wikis. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|The last group of wikis]] ({{int:project-localized-name-cawikiquote/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwikimedia/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwikibooks/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewikimedia/en}}) will soon be contacted. If you have questions about this process, please ping [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] at your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380912] * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical_Community_Newsletter/2025/January|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: updates about services from the Data Platform Engineering teams, information about Codex from the Design System team, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W04"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:37, 21 January 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28129769 --> == Help with One Piece == One of the admins told me that you´re an anime and manga person and recommended you to me. I was wondering if you could help me with the One Piece article. It´s mildly depressing, as they are missing most of the arcs and Jinbe and Brook. Would you consider helping me? [[User:TS Rubber alt main|&#45;TS Rubber Alt Main]] ([[User talk:TS Rubber alt main|talk]]) 19:16, 27 January 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:TS Rubber alt main|TS Rubber alt main]] Hi, yes, please feel free to message me with any specific help that you need. I haven't watched one piece but I will try to help out where you need it. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 20:14, 27 January 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks [[User:TS Rubber alt main|&#45;TS Rubber Alt Main]] ([[User talk:TS Rubber alt main|talk]]) 20:33, 27 January 2025 (UTC) == Tech News: 2025-05 == <section begin="technews-2025-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Patrollers and admins - what information or context about edits or users could help you to make patroller or admin decisions more quickly or easily? The Wikimedia Foundation wants to hear from you to help guide its upcoming annual plan. Please consider sharing your thoughts on this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|13 other questions]] to shape the technical direction for next year. '''Updates for editors''' * iOS Wikipedia App users worldwide can now access a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review/How your data is used|personalized Year in Review]] feature, which provides insights based on their reading and editing history on Wikipedia. This project is part of a broader effort to help welcome new readers as they discover and interact with encyclopedic content. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Edit patrollers now have a new feature available that can highlight potentially problematic new pages. When a page is created with the same title as a page which was previously deleted, a tag ('Recreated') will now be added, which users can filter for in [[{{#special:RecentChanges}}]] and [[{{#special:NewPages}}]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56145] * Later this week, there will be a new warning for editors if they attempt to create a redirect that links to another redirect (a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects#Double redirects|double redirect]]). The feature will recommend that they link directly to the second redirect's target page. Thanks to the user SomeRandomDeveloper for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326056] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia wikis allow [[w:en:WebAuthn|WebAuthn]]-based second factor checks (such as hardware tokens) during login, but the feature is [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Fix security key (WebAuthn) support|fragile]] and has very few users. The MediaWiki Platform team is temporarily disabling adding new WebAuthn keys, to avoid interfering with the rollout of [[mw:MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3]] (single user login version 3). Existing keys are unaffected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378402] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For developers that use the [[wikitech:Data Platform/Data Lake/Edits/MediaWiki history dumps|MediaWiki History dumps]]: The Data Platform Engineering team has added a couple of new fields to these dumps, to support the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] initiative. If you maintain software that reads those dumps, please review your code and the updated documentation, since the order of the fields in the row will change. There will also be one field rename: in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki_user_history</code></bdi> dump, the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>anonymous</code></bdi> field will be renamed to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>is_anonymous</code></bdi>. The changes will take effect with the next release of the dumps in February. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LKMFDS62TXGDN6L56F4ABXYLN7CSCQDI/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W05"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:15, 27 January 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28149374 --> == Remove rollbacker from a user == Please remove rollbacker from [[User:Kk.urban]], because they're a blocked sockpuppet. [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A70:E829:AA65:3608:453B|2601:644:907E:A70:E829:AA65:3608:453B]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A70:E829:AA65:3608:453B|talk]]) 17:58, 30 January 2025 (UTC) == Tech News: 2025-06 == <section begin="technews-2025-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use the "Special characters" editing-toolbar menu can now see the 32 special characters you have used most recently, across editing sessions on that wiki. This change should help make it easier to find the characters you use most often. The feature is in both the 2010 wikitext editor and VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110722] * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor can now create sublists with correct indentation by selecting the line(s) you want to indent and then clicking the toolbar buttons.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380438] You can now also insert <code><nowiki><code></nowiki></code> tags using a new toolbar button.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383010] Thanks to user stjn for these improvements. * Help is needed to ensure the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]] works properly on each wiki. ** (1) Administrators should update the local versions of the page <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json</code> to include entries for <code dir=ltr>preprint</code>, <code dir=ltr>standard</code>, and <code dir=ltr>dataset</code>; Here are example diffs to replicate [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1189164774&oldid=1165783565 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1270832208&oldid=1270828390 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. ** (2.1) If the citoid map in the citation template used for these types of references is missing, [[mediawikiwiki:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki#Step 2.a: Create a 'citoid' maps value for each citation template|one will need to be added]]. (2.2) If the citoid map does exist, the TemplateData will need to be updated to include new field names. Here are example updates [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270829051&oldid=1262470053 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270831369&oldid=1270829480 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. The new fields that may need to be supported are <code dir=ltr>archiveID</code>, <code dir=ltr>identifier</code>, <code dir=ltr>repository</code>, <code dir=ltr>organization</code>, <code dir=ltr>repositoryLocation</code>, <code dir=ltr>committee</code>, and <code dir=ltr>versionNumber</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383666] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q15637215|Central Kanuri]] ([[w:knc:|<code>w:knc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385181] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Wikisource/Wikimedia OCR|OCR (optical character recognition) tool]] used for Wikisource now supports a new language, Church Slavonic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384782] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W06"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:09, 4 February 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28203495 --> == Tech News: 2025-07 == <section begin="technews-2025-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Product and Technology Advisory Council (PTAC) has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|a draft of their recommendations]] for the Wikimedia Foundation's Product and Technology department. They have recommended focusing on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback/Mobile experiences|mobile experiences]], particularly contributions. They request community [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|feedback at the talk page]] by 21 February. '''Updates for editors''' * The "Special pages" portlet link will be moved from the "Toolbox" into the "Navigation" section of the main menu's sidebar by default. This change is because the Toolbox is intended for tools relating to the current page, not tools relating to the site, so the link will be more logically and consistently located. To modify this behavior and update CSS styling, administrators can follow the instructions at [[phab:T385346|T385346]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333211] * As part of this year's work around improving the ways readers discover content on the wikis, the Web team will be running an experiment with a small number of readers that displays some suggestions for related or interesting articles within the search bar. Please check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments#Experiment 1: Display article recommendations in more prominent locations, search|the project page]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template editors who use TemplateStyles can now customize output for users with specific accessibility needs by using accessibility related media queries (<code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-motion prefers-reduced-motion]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-transparency prefers-reduced-transparency]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-contrast prefers-contrast]</code>, and <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/forced-colors forced-colors]</code>). Thanks to user Bawolff for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384175] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the global blocks log will now be shown directly on the {{#special:CentralAuth}} page, similarly to global locks, to simplify the workflows for stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377024] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikidata [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Default values for labels and aliases|now supports a special language as a "default for all languages"]] for labels and aliases. This is to avoid excessive duplication of the same information across many languages. If your Wikidata queries use labels, you may need to update them as some existing labels are getting removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312511] * The function <code dir="ltr">getDescription</code> was invoked on every Wiki page read and accounts for ~2.5% of a page's total load time. The calculated value will now be cached, reducing load on Wikimedia servers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383660] * As part of the RESTBase deprecation [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|effort]], the <code dir="ltr">/page/related</code> endpoint has been blocked as of February 6, 2025, and will be removed soon. This timeline was chosen to align with the deprecation schedules for older Android and iOS versions. The stable alternative is the "<code dir="ltr">morelike</code>" action API in MediaWiki, and [[gerrit:c/mediawiki/services/mobileapps/+/982154/13/pagelib/src/transform/FooterReadMore.js|a migration example]] is available. The MediaWiki Interfaces team [[phab:T376297|can be contacted]] for any questions. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/GFC2IJO7L4BWO3YTM7C5HF4MCCBE2RJ2/] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: Updates about the "Contribute" menu; details on some of the newest language editions of Wikipedia; details on new languages supported by the MediaWiki interface; updates on the Community-defined lists feature; and more. * The latest [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#January 2025: Better visibility into charts and tabular data usage|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on the progress towards bringing better visibility into global charts usage and support for categorizing pages in the Data namespace on Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W07"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:12, 11 February 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28231022 --> == Tech News: 2025-08 == <section begin="technews-2025-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities using growth tools can now showcase one event on the <code>{{#special:Homepage}}</code> for newcomers. This feature will help newcomers to be informed about editing activities they can participate in. Administrators can create a new event to showcase at <code>{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}</code>. To learn more about this feature, please read [[diffblog:2025/02/12/community-updates-module-connecting-newcomers-to-your-initiatives/|the Diff post]], have a look [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Community updates module|at the documentation]], or contact [[mw:Talk:Growth|the Growth team]]. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|thumb|Highlighted talk pages improvements]] * Starting next week, talk pages at these wikis – {{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}} – will get [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|a new design]]. This change was extensively tested as a Beta feature and is the last step of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|talk pages improvements]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379102] * You can now navigate to view a redirect page directly from its action pages, such as the history page. Previously, you were forced to first go to the redirect target. This change should help editors who work with redirects a lot. Thanks to user stjn for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T5324] * When a Cite reference is reused many times, wikis currently show either numbers like "1.23" or localized alphabetic markers like "a b c" in the reference list. Previously, if there were so many reuses that the alphabetic markers were all used, [[MediaWiki:Cite error references no backlink label|an error message]] was displayed. As part of the work to [[phab:T383036|modernize Cite customization]], these errors will no longer be shown and instead the backlinks will fall back to showing numeric markers like "1.23" once the alphabetic markers are all used. * The log entries for each change to an editor's user-groups are now clearer by specifying exactly what has changed, instead of the plain before and after listings. Translators can [[phab:T369466|help to update the localized versions]]. Thanks to user Msz2001 for these improvements. * A new filter has been added to the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool, which allows administrators to mass delete pages, to enable users to filter for pages in a range of page sizes (in bytes). This allows, for example, deleting pages only of a certain size or below. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378488] * Non-administrators can now check which pages are able to be deleted using the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool. Thanks to user MolecularPilot for this and the previous improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376378] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed in the configuration for the AV1 video file format, which enables these files to play again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382193] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to most Wiktionaries over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyage to Parsoid Read Views last year. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385923][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371640] * Developers of tools that run on-wiki should note that <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> is deprecated. Tools requiring <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> must explicitly declare <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.Uri</code> as a ResourceLoader dependency, and should migrate to the browser native <code dir=ltr>URL</code> API soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384515] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W08"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:17, 17 February 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28275610 --> == Tech News: 2025-09 == <section begin="technews-2025-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can now customize how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User language|Babel feature]] creates categories using [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Babel}}]]. They can rename language categories, choose whether they should be auto-created, and adjust other settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374348] * The <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikimedia.org/ wikimedia.org]</bdi> portal has been updated – and is receiving some ongoing improvements – to modernize and improve the accessibility of our portal pages. It now has better support for mobile layouts, updated wording and links, and better language support. Additionally, all of the Wikimedia project portals, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://wikibooks.org wikibooks.org]</bdi>, now support dark mode when a reader is using that system setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373204][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368221][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Project_portals] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33965|Santali]] ([[wikt:sat:|<code>wikt:sat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386619] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that prevented clicking on search results in the web-interface for some Firefox for Android phone configurations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381289] '''Meetings and events''' * The next Language Community Meeting is happening soon, February 28th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1740751200 14:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: highlights and technical updates on keyboard and tools for the Sámi languages, Translatewiki.net contributions from the Bahasa Lampung community in Indonesia, and technical Q&A. If you'd like to join, simply [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#28 February 2025|sign up on the wiki page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W09"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:41, 25 February 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28296129 --> == Tech News: 2025-10 == <section begin="technews-2025-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * All logged-in editors using the mobile view can now edit a full page. The "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" link is accessible from the "{{int:minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu in the toolbar. This was previously only available to editors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|Advanced mobile contributions]] setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387180] * Interface administrators can now help to remove the deprecated Cite CSS code matching "<code dir="ltr">mw-ref</code>" from their local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi>. The list of wikis in need of cleanup, and the code to remove, [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-ref%5B%5E-a-z%5D&regex=1&namespaces=8&title=.*css can be found with this global search] and in [https://ace.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&oldid=145662#L-139--L-144 this example], and you can learn more about how to help on the [[mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|CSS migration project page]]. The Cite footnote markers ("<code dir="ltr">[1]</code>") are now rendered by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]], and the deprecated CSS is no longer needed. The CSS for backlinks ("<code dir="ltr">mw:referencedBy</code>") should remain in place for now. This cleanup is expected to cause no visible changes for readers. Please help to remove this code before March 20, after which the development team will do it for you. * When editors embed a file (e.g. <code><nowiki>[[File:MediaWiki.png]]</nowiki></code>) on a page that is protected with cascading protection, the software will no longer restrict edits to the file description page, only to new file uploads.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24521] In contrast, transcluding a file description page (e.g. <code><nowiki>{{:File:MediaWiki.png}}</nowiki></code>) will now restrict edits to the page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62109] * When editors revert a file to an earlier version it will now require the same permissions as ordinarily uploading a new version of the file. The software now checks for 'reupload' or 'reupload-own' rights,[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304474] and respects cascading protection.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140010] * When administrators are listing pages for deletion with the Nuke tool, they can now also list associated talk pages and redirects for deletion, alongside pages created by the target, rather than needing to manually delete these pages afterwards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T95797] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|previously noted]] update to Single User Login, which will accommodate browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies by moving login and account creation to a central domain, will now roll out to all users during March and April. The team plans to enable it for all new account creation on [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Tuesday|Group0]] wikis this week. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and an updated timeline. * Since last week there has been a bug that shows some interface icons as black squares until the page has fully loaded. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387351] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q2044560|Sylheti]] ([[w:syl:|<code>w:syl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386441] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed with loading images in very old versions of the Firefox browser on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386400] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W10"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:31, 4 March 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28334563 --> == Tech News: 2025-11 == <section begin="technews-2025-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use password managers at multiple wikis may notice changes in the future. The way that our wikis provide information to password managers about reusing passwords across domains has recently been updated, so some password managers might now offer you login credentials that you saved for a different Wikimedia site. Some password managers already did this, and are now doing it for more Wikimedia domains. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3 project]] which aims to improve how our unified login works, and to keep it compatible with ongoing changes to the web-browsers we use. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385520][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384844] * The Wikipedia Apps Team is inviting interested users to help improve Wikipedia’s offline and limited internet use. After discussions in [[m:Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] and the last [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Hub/Meetings|ESEAP call]], key challenges like search, editing, and offline access are being explored, with upcoming focus groups to dive deeper into these topics. All languages are welcome, and interpretation will be available. Want to share your thoughts? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Improving Wikipedia Mobile Apps for Offline & Limited Internet Use|Join the discussion]] or email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">aramadan@wikimedia.org</bdi>! * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 19. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/33|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the launch of the Community Updates module, the most recent changes in Community Configuration, and the upcoming test of in-article suggestions for first-time editors. * An old API that was previously used in the Android Wikipedia app is being removed at the end of March. There are no current software uses, but users of the app with a version that is older than 6 months by the time of removal (2025-03-31), will no longer have access to the Suggested Edits feature, until they update their app. You can [[diffblog:2025/02/24/sunset-of-wikimedia-recommendation-api/|read more details about this change]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W11"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:09, 10 March 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28372257 --> == Tech News: 2025-12 == <section begin="technews-2025-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Twice a year, around the equinoxes, the Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team performs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|a datacenter server switchover]], redirecting all traffic from one primary server to its backup. This provides reliability in case of a crisis, as we can always fall back on the other datacenter. [http://listen.hatnote.com/ Thanks to the Listen to Wikipedia] tool, you can hear the switchover take place: Before it begins, you'll hear the steady stream of edits; Then, as the system enters a brief read-only phase, the sound stops for a couple of minutes, before resuming after the switchover. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. If you want to keep an ear out for the next server switchover, listen to the wikis on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 March 19 at 14:00 UTC]. '''Updates for editors''' * The [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es improved Content Translation tool dashboard] is now available in [[phab:T387820|10 Wikipedias]] and will be available for all Wikipedias [[phab:T387821|soon]]. With [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|the unified dashboard]], desktop users can now: Translate new sections of an article; Discover and access topic-based [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=ig&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits article suggestion filters] (initially available only for mobile device users); Discover and access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists|Community-defined lists]] filter, also known as "Collections", from wiki-projects and campaigns. * On Wikimedia Commons, a [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements#Improve category selection|new system to select the appropriate file categories]] has been introduced: if a category has one or more subcategories, users will be able to click on an arrow that will open the subcategories directly within the form, and choose the correct one. The parent category name will always be shown on top, and it will always be possible to come back to it. This should decrease the amount of work for volunteers in fixing/creating new categories. The change is also available on mobile. These changes are part of planned improvements to the UploadWizard. * The Community Tech team is seeking wikis to join a pilot for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] feature and a refreshed Special:Block page in late March. Multiblocks enables administrators to impose multiple different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. If you are an admin or steward and would like us to discuss joining the pilot with your community, please leave a message on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|project talk page]]. * Starting March 25, the Editing team will test a new feature for Edit Check at [[phab:T384372|12 Wikipedias]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi-check|Multi-Check]]. Half of the newcomers on these wikis will see all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Checks]] during their edit session, while the other half will continue seeing only one. The goal of this test is to see if users are confused or discouraged when shown multiple Reference Checks (when relevant) within a single editing session. At these wikis, the tags used on edits that show References Check will be simplified, as multiple tags could be shown within a single edit. Changes to the tags are documented [[phab:T373949|on Phabricator]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379131] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], which is a service for notifying users that their temporary user-rights are about to expire, now supports using the localized name of the user-rights group in the message heading. Translators can see the [[m:Global reminder bot/Translation|listing of existing translations and documentation]] to check if their language needs updating or creation. * The [[Special:GlobalPreferences|GlobalPreferences]] gender setting, which is used for how the software should refer to you in interface messages, now works as expected by overriding the local defaults. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386584] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:26}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:26|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Wikipedia App for Android had a bug fixed for when a user is browsing and searching in multiple languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379777] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, the way that Codex styles are loaded will be changing. There is a small risk that this may result in unstyled interface message boxes on certain pages. User generated content (e.g. templates) is not impacted. Gadgets may be impacted. If you see any issues [[phab:T388847|please report them]]. See the linked task for details, screenshots, and documentation on how to fix any affected gadgets. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W12"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:48, 17 March 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28412594 --> == Help == Hi BRPever, i request you to block [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&end=&namespace=all&start=&tagfilter=&target=2409%3A40D0%3A0%3A0%3A0%3A0%3A0%3A0%2F32&offset=20250305095220 this] user. This user abusing other users openly on most of the his edits. See these edits [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mihira_Bhoja&diff=prev&oldid=10124281], [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mihira_Bhoja&diff=prev&oldid=10124475], [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mihira_Bhoja&diff=prev&oldid=10133100], [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jhala_Koli&diff=prev&oldid=10147514], [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahipala_I&diff=prev&oldid=10147507], [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parmar_Koli&diff=prev&oldid=10146278], [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jhala_Koli&diff=prev&oldid=10146275], [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jhala_Koli&diff=prev&oldid=10142579], [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jhala_Koli&diff=prev&oldid=10140396], [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mihira_Bhoja&diff=prev&oldid=10139160], [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mihira_Bhoja&diff=prev&oldid=10132081], [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mihira_Bhoja&diff=prev&oldid=10033010], [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mihira_Bhoja&diff=prev&oldid=10028521], [https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mihira_Bhoja&diff=prev&oldid=9995210].[[User:Durjan Singh Jadon|Durjan Singh Jadon]] ([[User talk:Durjan Singh Jadon|talk]]) 14:56, 23 March 2025 (UTC) == Tech News: 2025-13 == <section begin="technews-2025-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking your feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|drafts of the objectives and key results that will shape the Foundation's Product and Technology priorities]] for the next fiscal year (starting in July). The objectives are broad high-level areas, and the key-results are measurable ways to track the success of their objectives. Please share your feedback on the talkpage, in any language, ideally before the end of April. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] will be released to multiple wikis (see [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|deployment plan]] for details) in April 2025, and the team has begun the process of engaging communities on the identified wikis. The extension provides tools to organize, manage, and promote collaborative activities (like events, edit-a-thons, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. The extension has three tools: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation Lists]]. It is currently on 13 Wikipedias, including English Wikipedia, French Wikipedia, and Spanish Wikipedia, as well as Wikidata. Questions or requests can be directed to the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:CampaignEvents|extension talk page]] or in Phabricator (with <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). * Starting the week of March 31st, wikis will be able to set which user groups can view private registrants in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], as part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension. By default, event organizers and the local wiki admins will be able to see private registrants. This is a change from the current behavior, in which only event organizers can see private registrants. Wikis can change the default setup by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requesting a configuration change]] in Phabricator (and adding the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). Participants of past events can cancel their registration at any time. * Administrators at wikis that have a customized <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Sidebar]]</bdi> should check that it contains an entry for the {{int:specialpages}} listing. If it does not, they should add it using <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">* specialpages-url|specialpages</code>. Wikis with a default sidebar will see the link moved from the page toolbox into the sidebar menu in April. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388927] * The Minerva skin (mobile web) combines both Notice and Alert notifications within the bell icon ([[File:OOjs UI icon bell.svg|16px|link=|class=skin-invert]]). There was a long-standing bug where an indication for new notifications was only shown if you had unseen Alerts. This bug is now fixed. In the future, Minerva users will notice a counter atop the bell icon when you have 1 or more unseen Notices and/or Alerts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344029] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * VisualEditor has introduced a [[mw:VisualEditor/Hooks|new client-side hook]] for developers to use when integrating with the VisualEditor target lifecycle. This hook should replace the existing lifecycle-related hooks, and be more consistent between different platforms. In addition, the new hook will apply to uses of VisualEditor outside of just full article editing, allowing gadgets to interact with the editor in DiscussionTools as well. The Editing Team intends to deprecate and eventually remove the old lifecycle hooks, so any use cases that this new hook does not cover would be of interest to them and can be [[phab:T355555|shared in the task]]. * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>mw.Api</code> JavaScript library, can now identify the tool using it with the <code dir=ltr>userAgent</code> parameter: <code dir=ltr>var api = new mw.Api( { userAgent: 'GadgetNameHere/1.0.1' } );</code>. If you maintain a gadget or user script, please set a user agent, because it helps with library and server maintenance and with differentiating between legitimate and illegitimate traffic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373874][https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Foundation_User-Agent_Policy] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W13"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:43, 24 March 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28443127 --> == Update == I found a new purpose for my bot, just to edit [[User talk:Cactusisme/Archive 2]] and remove deleted articles from there. [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] ^{[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]} ^{[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]} 23:19, 31 March 2025 (UTC) :I made some test edits on test Wikipedia and it worked: [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] ^{[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]} ^{[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]} 23:20, 31 March 2025 (UTC) ::[https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/CactusismeBot here] [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] ^{[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]} ^{[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]} 23:20, 31 March 2025 (UTC) :::Can I have it approved? [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] ^{[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]} ^{[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]} 23:20, 31 March 2025 (UTC) ::::No. I am not approving it for this reason. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 23:49, 31 March 2025 (UTC) :::::Why? [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] ^{[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]} ^{[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]} 00:52, 1 April 2025 (UTC) ::::::Is this an april fool's joke? Why would you need a bot for something that takes less than 30 seconds to do to begin with. Also, your bot didn't remove the deleted pages, it just removed links. Plus, this is not a good enough task to seek bot approval. Please don't waste my time. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 01:52, 1 April 2025 (UTC) :::::::@[[User:BRPever|BRPever]] Yeah, I get it—this might seem like overkill for a simple task. The idea was just to automate something repetitive for consistency, but I see your point. Also, I didn’t realize the bot wasn’t fully handling deleted pages, so I’ll fix that. As for bot approval, I’ll take another look at whether it’s really necessary. Definitely not trying to waste your time, but I do appreciate the feedback. [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] ^{[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]} ^{[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]} 03:22, 1 April 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Can I create a bot to remove deleted template from pages? Is that useful? [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] ^{[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]} ^{[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]} 03:23, 1 April 2025 (UTC) :::::::::No, only unused templates are deleted or deleting admin removes the template if deleted through discussion. Those are usually the ones that have minimal or no use. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 03:40, 1 April 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::How about the red linked templates that have not been created after quite some time [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] ^{[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]} ^{[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]} 03:42, 1 April 2025 (UTC) :::::::::::we do not remove red links here. The only way to not have red link is to turn them blue by creating pages. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 03:43, 1 April 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::::No templates which are red linked for more than a few months [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] ^{[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]} ^{[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]} 03:47, 1 April 2025 (UTC) :::::::::::::Nope, we need to figure out what's missing and try importing it. Can't just remove it automatically and ignore it. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 04:11, 1 April 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::::::Okay [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] ^{[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]} ^{[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]} 04:18, 1 April 2025 (UTC) :::::::::::::::@[[User:BRPever|BRPever]] how about one that posts a message on you talk page if the topic you posted on [[wp:simple talk]] is archived or deleted? [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] ^{[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]} ^{[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]} 04:30, 1 April 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::::::::No need. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 04:31, 1 April 2025 (UTC) == Tech News: 2025-14 == <section begin="technews-2025-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Editing team is working on a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Check|Edit check]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#26 March 2025|Peacock check]]. This check's goal is to identify non-neutral terms while a user is editing a wikipage, so that they can be informed that their edit should perhaps be changed before they publish it. This project is at the early stages, and the team is looking for communities' input: [[phab:T389445|in this Phabricator task]], they are gathering on-wiki policies, templates used to tag non-neutral articles, and the terms (jargon and keywords) used in edit summaries for the languages they are currently researching. You can participate by editing the table on Phabricator, commenting on the task, or directly messaging [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|Single User Login]] has now been updated on all wikis to move login and account creation to a central domain. This makes user login compatible with browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies, which have prevented users of some browsers from staying logged in. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting on March 31st, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin a limited release of generated OpenAPI specs and a SwaggerUI-based sandbox experience for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST APIs]]. They invite developers from a limited group of non-English Wikipedia communities (Arabic, German, French, Hebrew, Interlingua, Dutch, Chinese) to review the documentation and experiment with the sandbox in their preferred language. In addition to these specific Wikipedia projects, the sandbox and OpenAPI spec will be available on the [[testwiki:Special:RestSandbox|on the test wiki REST Sandbox special page]] for developers with English as their preferred language. During the preview period, the MediaWiki Interfaces Team also invites developers to [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|share feedback about your experience]]. The preview will last for approximately 2 weeks, after which the sandbox and OpenAPI specs will be made available across all wiki projects. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Sometimes a small, [[gerrit:c/operations/cookbooks/+/1129184|one line code change]] can have great significance: in this case, it means that for the first time in years we're able to run all of the stack serving <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[http://maps.wikimedia.org/ maps.wikimedia.org]</bdi> - a host dedicated to serving our wikis and their multi-lingual maps needs - from a single core datacenter, something we test every time we perform a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter switchover]]. This is important because it means that in case one of our datacenters is affected by a catastrophe, we'll still be able to serve the site. This change is the result of [[phab:T216826|extensive work]] by two developers on porting the last component of the maps stack over to [[w:en:Kubernetes|kubernetes]], where we can allocate resources more efficiently than before, thus we're able to withstand more traffic in a single datacenter. This work involved a lot of complicated steps because this software, and the software libraries it uses, required many long overdue upgrades. This type of work makes the Wikimedia infrastructure more sustainable. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025]] is happening in Sandusky, USA, and online, from 14–16 May 2025. The workshop will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. Registration and presentation signup is now available at the workshop's website. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W14"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:05, 1 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28473566 --> == RfAs == Hello, please do not transclude other users' RfAs to the permissions page. This should be done by the user, to show 1) they are capable of doing transcending the request themselves and 2) that they are actually wanting to run. Thanks, --[[User:Ferien2|Ferien2]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]])</small> 05:56, 2 April 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] Hi, I understand it in case of a user nominating another, but isn't the creation of RFA page itself an intent to run? I thought it was simply a part of clerking to list the unlisted nomination otherwise it will simply show up in New changes and look like a glitch until a user goes to the category and finds it. I see that the recent practice has been to discourage this, but historically we have always listed nomination before closing it ([[Special:Permalink/3419334#Current requests for adminship|1]], [[Special:Permalink/4891200#Current requests for adminship|2]], [[Special:Permalink/5240132#Current requests for adminship|3]], [[Special:Permalink/5532702#Current requests for adminship|4]], [[Special:Permalink/7164689#Current requests for adminship|5]], and many more). I think it's better to just list and process it; instead of simply letting it be with no input from others, or simply delete it for housekeeping even if their intent is to run. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 11:49, 2 April 2025 (UTC) ::The problem is that unless the page is transcluded on RfA, the candidate/nominator hasn't fully completed the three instructions to start an RfA on [[Wikipedia:Requests for permissions#Administrator]], they have only fulfilled 1 and 2. If they were genuinely intending to run for adminship, they would at least have completed the instructions fully. --[[User:Ferien2|Ferien2]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]])</small> 12:04, 2 April 2025 (UTC) :::I feel like that is for the case when the user is being nominated since the RFA only starts when the candidate accepts. But here, there is simply no way to know that they weren't intending to run. The more likely scenario is that they created the page because they were interested. During self-nomination, candidates accepts nomination by default, so I see how the instruction can get little confusing there. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 12:26, 2 April 2025 (UTC) ::::It depends, some certainly do intend to run - if they're creating an RfA page then I'd hope that they weren't doing it just for fun! - but RfA noms can lay around for days/weeks unanswered in some cases, it'd make sense for self-noms to be treated in a similar fashion. The latest RfA, the one someone else transcluded, was very likely a case of a draft that could have been worked on further or had more justification in (after having none) but was transcluded before they got the opportunity. At the same time yeah, I don't like the idea of "ongoing" requests laying around dormant. It'd probably be best for them to be procedurally deleted as not transcluded later on down the line, rather than forcing a new user (who is unlikely to pass) to go through an unnecessary RfA. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] | [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 21:40, 4 April 2025 (UTC) == Vandalism == Hey bro, if you have time can you check out the edits made by [[user:HistorianAlferedo|HistorianAlferedo]] who is protecting these block evading IP addresses. I have reverted the edits made by these vandalizing IP addresses, but HistorianAlferedo is reverting my edits. I think he is the user who is using these IPs. [[User:Durjan Singh Jadon|Durjan Singh Jadon]] ([[User talk:Durjan Singh Jadon|talk]]) 17:14, 5 April 2025 (UTC) == Thank you == Hi BRPever, Thank you for blocking Estevan43, I went to report the user 3 times and still couldn't hit send as wasn't 100% sure it was a spam bot so assumed good faith and assumed it might have been a misguided editor hence the warning, Anyway thank you for blocking and for your help it's much appreciated, Thanks, Warm Regards, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 16:24, 6 April 2025 (UTC) == Tech News: 2025-15 == <section begin="technews-2025-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From now on, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface admins]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Central notice administrators|centralnotice admins]] are technically required to enable [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] before they can use their privileges. In the future this might be expanded to more groups with advanced user-rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150898] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Design System Team is preparing to release the next major version of Codex (v2.0.0) on April 29. Editors and developers who use CSS from Codex should see the [[mw:Codex/Release Timeline/2.0|2.0 overview documentation]], which includes guidance related to a few of the breaking changes such as <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">font-size</code>, <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">line-height</code>, and <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">size-icon</code>. * The results of the [[mw:Developer Satisfaction Survey/2025|Developer Satisfaction Survey (2025)]]  are now available. Thank you to all participants. These results help the Foundation decide what to work on next and to review what they recently worked on. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]] will take place in Istanbul, Turkey, between 2–4 May. Registration for attending the in-person event will close on 13 April. Before registering, please note the potential need for a [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkish-representations.en.mfa visa] or [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/visa-information-for-foreigners.en.mfa e-visa] to enter the country. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W15"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 7 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28507470 --> == [[Lee Chae Yeon]] == Hi! Hope you're doing well! Is there a way that you can move the link above to [[Lee Chae-yeon (singer, born 2000)]]? It won't let me move it. ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 21:09, 13 April 2025 (UTC) :Done. Thanks,-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 21:13, 13 April 2025 (UTC) == Tech News: 2025-16 == <section begin="technews-2025-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Later this week, the default thumbnail size will be increased from 220px to 250px. This changes how pages are shown in all wikis and has been requested by some communities for many years, but wasn't previously possible due to technical limitations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] * File thumbnails are now stored in discrete sizes. If a page specifies a thumbnail size that's not among the standard sizes (20, 40, 60, 120, 250, 330, 500, 960), then MediaWiki will pick the closest larger thumbnail size but will tell the browser to downscale it to the requested size. In these cases, nothing will change visually but users might load slightly larger images. If it doesn't matter which thumbnail size is used in a page, please pick one of the standard sizes to avoid the extra in-browser down-scaling step. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Thumbnail_sizes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation are working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] which will enable [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[:w:en:Denial-of-service attack|Distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is so that they can more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. * To improve security for users, a small percentage of logins will now require that the account owner input a one-time password [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:EmailAuth|emailed to their account]]. It is recommended that you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|check]] that the email address on your account is set correctly, and that it has been confirmed, and that you have an email set for this purpose. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390662] * "Are you interested in taking a short survey to improve tools used for reviewing or reverting edits on your Wiki?" This question will be [[phab:T389401|asked at 7 wikis starting next week]], on Recent Changes and Watchlist pages. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools team]] wants to know more about activities that involve looking at new edits made to your Wikimedia project, and determining whether they adhere to your project's policies. * On April 15, the full Wikidata graph will no longer be supported on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi>. After this date, scholarly articles will be available through <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap;">[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ query-scholarly.wikidata.org]</bdi>, while the rest of the data hosted on Wikidata will be available through the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi> endpoint. This is part of the scheduled split of the Wikidata Graph, which was [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|announced in September 2024]]. More information is [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|available on Wikidata]]. * The latest quarterly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter/First quarter of 2025|Wikimedia Apps Newsletter]] is now available. It covers updates, experiments, and improvements made to the Wikipedia mobile apps. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2025/April|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: an invitation for tool maintainers to attend the Toolforge UI Community Feedback Session on April 15th; recent community metrics; and recent technical blog posts. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W16"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:24, 15 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28540654 --> == Tech News: 2025-17 == <section begin="technews-2025-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] is now integrated with [[w:dag:Solɔɣu|Dagbani Wikipedia]] since April 15. It is the first project that will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in articles. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2025-04-16] * A new type of lint error has been created: [[Special:LintErrors/empty-heading|{{int:linter-category-empty-heading}}]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint errors/empty-heading|documentation]]). The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|Linter extension]]'s purpose is to identify wikitext patterns that must or can be fixed in pages and provide some guidance about what the problems are with those patterns and how to fix them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368722] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Following its publication on HuggingFace, the "Structured Contents" dataset, developed by Wikimedia Enterprise, is [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/kaggle-dataset/ now also available on Kaggle]. This Beta initiative is focused on making Wikimedia data more machine-readable for high-volume reusers. They are releasing this beta version in a location that open dataset communities already use, in order to seek feedback, to help improve the product for a future wider release. You can read more about the overall [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/#open-datasets Structured Contents project], and about the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-wikipedia-infobox/ first release that's freely usable]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings and events''' * The Editing and Machine Learning Teams invite interested volunteers to a video meeting to discuss [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]], which is the latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] that will detect "peacock" or "overly-promotional" or "non-neutral" language whilst an editor is typing. Editors who work with newcomers, or help to fix this kind of writing, or are interested in how we use artificial intelligence in our projects are encouraged to attend. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team/Community Conversations#Next Conversation|meeting will be on April 28, 2025]] at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745863200 18:00–19:00 UTC] and hosted on Zoom. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W17"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:00, 21 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28578245 --> == FYI unblock request. == [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Tishreen07 FYI]. I have processed an unblock request from a user you CU blocked. I have taken the action I have because they seem sincere and have not tried to edit during the last month. Please feel free to comment on the situation if you'd like to. Regards, '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 22:44, 24 April 2025 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], can you also put a condition that they do not edit those battle-related pages for 6 months. We had to spend a lot of time cleaning their hoaxes; some were simply a copy of fandom pages. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 02:04, 25 April 2025 (UTC) :Looks like you already did. I am fine with this unblock. :) --[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 02:06, 25 April 2025 (UTC) ::Great! '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 05:25, 25 April 2025 (UTC) == Tech News: 2025-18 == <section begin="technews-2025-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Event organizers who host collaborative activities on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|multiple wikis]], including Bengali, Japanese, and Korean Wikipedias, will have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] this week. Also, admins in the Wikipedia where the extension is enabled will automatically be granted the event organizer right soon. They won't have to manually grant themselves the right before they can manage events as [[phab:T386861|requested by a community]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The release of the next major version of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, is scheduled for 29 April 2025. Technical editors will have access to the release by the week of 5 May 2025. This update will include a number of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Breaking_changes|breaking changes]] and minor [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Visual_changes|visual changes]]. Instructions on handling the breaking and visual changes are documented on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release Timeline/2.0#|this page]]. Pre-release testing is reported in [[phab:T386298|T386298]], with post-release issues tracked in [[phab:T392379|T392379]] and [[phab:T392390|T392390]]. * Users of [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Wiki_Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will notice that the database views of <code dir="ltr">ipblocks</code>, <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_ipindex</code>, and <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_compat</code> are [[phab:T390767|now deprecated]]. Users can query the <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_table|block]]</code> and <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_target_table|block_target]]</code> new views that mirror the new tables in the production database instead. The deprecated views will be removed entirely from Wiki Replicas in June, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes an overview of the improved [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=es&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en#/ Content Translation Dashboard Tool], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Language Support for New and Existing Languages|support for new languages]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Wiki Loves Ramadan Articles Made In Content Translation Mobile Workflow|highlights from the Wiki Loves Ramadan campaign]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Languages Onboarding Experiment 2024 - Executive Summary|results from the Language Onboarding Experiment]], an analysis of topic diversity in articles, and information on upcoming community meetings and events. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Knowledge_Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745937000 April 29 at 14:30 UTC]. This edition will focus on "Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects". You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Learning Clinic %E2%80%93 Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects (Part_1)|register now]] to attend. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which brings the global technical community together to connect, brainstorm, and hack existing projects, will take place from May 2 to 4th, 2025, at Istanbul, Turkey. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W18"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 28 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28585685 --> == [[Special:DeletedContributions/217.91.128.148]] == Please have a look at this. This IP is recreating pages made by [[Special:Contributions/Tishreen07]]. (Cc: {{u|Fr33kman}}, recent unblock request reviewer). [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 10:47, 29 April 2025 (UTC) :Different ISPs, different user agents so no indication of socking at this time. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 11:21, 29 April 2025 (UTC) == [[Special:Contributions/217.154.234.64]] == Hello, I think this is a proxy, and a longer block would be OK. What do you think about this? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 06:28, 3 May 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] Yeah go for it. I am a bit busy to check but feel free to extended it for a year or so. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 06:33, 3 May 2025 (UTC) == Tech News: 2025-19 == <section begin="technews-2025-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared the latest draft update to their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|annual plan]] for next year (July 2025–June 2026). This includes an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|executive summary]] (also on [[diffblog:2025/04/25/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundations-2025-2026-draft-annual-plan/|Diff]]), details about the three main [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals|goals]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|global trends]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Budget Overview|budget]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Financial Model|financial model]]. Feedback and questions are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|talk page]] until the end of May. '''Updates for editors''' * For wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]], two new feature improvements have been released: ** Admins can now choose which namespaces are permitted for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] via [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Permitted namespaces|documentation]]). The default setup is for event registration to be permitted in the Event namespace, but other namespaces (such as the project namespace or WikiProject namespace) can now be added. With this change, communities like WikiProjects can now more easily use Event Registration for their collaborative activities. ** Editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Transclusion|transclude]] the Collaboration List on a wiki page ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Collaboration list/Transclusion|documentation]]). The Collaboration List is an automated list of events and WikiProjects on the wikis, accessed via {{#special:AllEvents}} ([[w:en:Special:AllEvents|example]]). Now, the Collaboration List can be added to all sorts of wiki pages, such as: a wiki mainpage, a WikiProject page, an affiliate page, an event page, or even a user page. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library in gadgets and user scripts should revise their code to use alternatives like the <code dir=ltr>Intl</code> library or the new <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.DateFormatter</code> library. The <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library has been deprecated and will begin to log messages in the developer console. You can see a global search for current uses, and [[phab:T392532|ask related questions in this Phabricator task]]. * Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikidata term store tables (<code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">wbt_*</code>) need to update their code to connect to a separate database cluster. These tables are being split into a separate database cluster. Tools that query those tables via the wiki replicas must be adapted to connect to the new cluster instead. [[wikitech:News/2025 Wikidata term store database split|Documentation and related links are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390954] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.28|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on preparing to expand the deployment to additional wikis as soon as this week (starting May 6) and scaling up over the following weeks, plus exploring filtering and transforming source data. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W19"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:15, 6 May 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28665011 --> == When did you became an administrator? == When did you became an admin on this wiki? I'm interested. Maybe in the few months from now i might become a wikipedia admin. [[User:Wikipedian2025|Wikipedian2025]] ([[User talk:Wikipedian2025|talk]]) 11:16, 10 May 2025 (UTC) :I became an admin somewhere around September 2018. If I remember right back then I had around 15,000 edits. I started editing here from January 2016. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 12:40, 10 May 2025 (UTC) ::ok thanks! [[User:Wikipedian2025|Wikipedian2025]] ([[User talk:Wikipedian2025|talk]]) 13:43, 10 May 2025 (UTC) == Tech News: 2025-20 == <section begin="technews-2025-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|"Get shortened URL"]] link on the sidebar now includes a [[phab:T393309|QR code]]. Wikimedia site users can now use it by scanning or downloading it to quickly share and access shared content from Wikimedia sites, conveniently. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]], which will enable [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[w:en:Denial-of-service attack|distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is to help more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. Tech News has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|previously written about this]]. The deployment will be gradual. Some might see the Edge Uniques cookie the week of 19 May. You can discuss this on the [[m:Talk:Edge Uniques|talk page]]. * Starting May 19, 2025, Event organisers in wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled can use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] in the project namespace (e.g., Wikipedia namespace, Wikidata namespace). With this change, communities don't need admins to use the feature. However, wikis that don't want this change can remove and add the permitted namespaces at [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/CampaignEvents]]. * The Wikipedia project now has a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q36720|Nupe]] ([[w:nup:|<code>w:nup:</code>]]). This is a language primarily spoken in the North Central region of Nigeria. Speakers of this language are invited to contribute to [[w:nup:Tatacin feregi|new Wikipedia]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers can now access pre-parsed Dutch Wikipedia, amongst others (English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese) through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/snapshot/#structured-contents-snapshot-bundle-info-beta Structured Contents snapshots (beta)]. The content includes parsed Wikipedia abstracts, descriptions, main images, infoboxes, article sections, and references. * The <code dir="ltr">/page/data-parsoid</code> REST API endpoint is no longer in use and will be deprecated. It is [[phab:T393557|scheduled to be turned off]] on June 7, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.1|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/2025_Cloud_VPS_VXLAN_IPv6_migration IPv6 support] is a newly introduced Cloud virtual network that significantly boosts Wikimedia platforms' scalability, security, and readiness for the future. If you are a technical contributor eager to learn more, check out [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/05/06/wikimedia-cloud-vps-ipv6-support/ this blog post] for an in-depth look at the journey to IPv6. '''Meetings and events''' * The 2nd edition of 2025 of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]], a virtual platform for African Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747328400 May 15 at 17:00 UTC]. This edition will focus on discussions regarding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|Wikimedia Annual planning and progress]]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MENA Connect Community Call|MENA Connect Community Call]], a virtual meeting for [[w:en:Middle East and North Africa|MENA]] Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747501200 May 17 at 17:00 UTC]. You can [[m:Event:MENA Connect (Wiki_Diwan) APP Call|register now]] to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W20"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:38, 12 May 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28714188 --> == You've got mail! == {{you've got mail|subject=|ts=09:08, 19 May 2025 (UTC)}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 09:08, 19 May 2025 (UTC) == Tech News: 2025-21 == <section begin="technews-2025-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Peacock language model for the following languages: Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, English, and Japanese. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check/model test|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on May 23, which will be the start date of the test. '''Updates for editors''' * From May 20, 2025, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|oversighters]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:CheckUsers|checkusers]] will need to have their accounts secured with two-factor authentication (2FA) to be able to use their advanced rights. All users who belong to these two groups and do not have 2FA enabled have been informed. In the future, this requirement may be extended to other users with advanced rights. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] will begin mass deployment by the end of the month: all non-Wikipedia projects plus Catalan Wikipedia will adopt Multiblocks in the week of May 26, while all other Wikipedias will adopt it in the week of June 2. Please [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|contact the team]] if you have concerns. Administrators can test the new user interface now on your own wiki by browsing to [{{fullurl:Special:Block|usecodex=1}} {{#special:Block}}?usecodex=1], and can test the full multiblocks functionality [[testwiki:Special:Block|on testwiki]]. Multiblocks is the feature that makes it possible for administrators to impose different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|help page]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * Later this week, the [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] listing of almost all special pages will be updated with a new design. This page has been [[phab:T219543|redesigned]] to improve the user experience in a few ways, including: The ability to search for names and aliases of the special pages, sorting, more visible marking of restricted special pages, and a more mobile-friendly look. The new version can be [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages previewed] at Beta Cluster now, and feedback shared in the task. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219543] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is being enabled on more wikis. For a detailed list of when the extension will be enabled on your wiki, please read the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|deployment timeline]]. * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] will be deployed on May 27 on five Wiktionaries: [[wikt:ha:|Hausa]], [[wikt:ig:|Igbo]], [[wikt:bn:|Bengali]], [[wikt:ml:|Malayalam]], and [[wikt:dv:|Dhivehi/Maldivian]]. This is the second batch of deployment planned for the project. After deployment, the projects will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in their pages. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. * Later this week, the Wikimedia Foundation will publish a hub for [[diffblog:2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/|experiments]]. This is to showcase and get user feedback on product experiments. The experiments help the Wikimedia movement [[diffblog:2023/07/13/exploring-paths-for-the-future-of-free-knowledge-new-wikipedia-chatgpt-plugin-leveraging-rich-media-social-apps-and-other-experiments/|understand new users]], how they interact with the internet and how it could affect the Wikimedia movement. Some examples are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Generated Video|generated video]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Roblox game|Wikipedia Roblox speedrun game]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Discord bot|the Discord bot]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with creating an account using the API, which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390751] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets and user scripts that interact with [[{{#special:Block}}]] may need to be updated to work with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|manage blocks interface]]. Please review the [[mw:Help:Manage blocks/Developers|developer guide]] for more information. If you need help or are unable to adapt your script to the new interface, please let the team know on the [[mw:Help talk:Manage blocks/Developers|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * The <code dir=ltr>mw.title</code> object allows you to get information about a specific wiki page in the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Lua|Lua]] programming language. Starting this week, a new property will be added to the object, named <code dir=ltr>isDisambiguationPage</code>. This property allows you to check if a page is a disambiguation page, without the need to write a custom function. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71441] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] User script developers can use a [[toolforge:gitlab-content|new reverse proxy tool]] to load javascript and css from [[gitlab:|gitlab.wikimedia.org]] with <code dir=ltr>mw.loader.load</code>. The tool's author hopes this will enable collaborative development workflows for user scripts including linting, unit tests, code generation, and code review on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">gitlab.wikimedia.org</bdi> without a separate copy-and-paste step to publish scripts to a Wikimedia wiki for integration and acceptance testing. See [[wikitech:Tool:Gitlab-content|Tool:Gitlab-content on Wikitech]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The 12th edition of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Workshop 2025|Wiki Workshop 2025]], a forum that brings together researchers that explore all aspects of Wikimedia projects, will be held virtually on 21-22 May. Researchers can [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/wikiworkshop2025/ register now]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W21"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:13, 19 May 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28724712 --> == RE: RfD Closure Concerns == Hello, I was the creator of [[Devan Leos]]. I noticed you closed [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Devan Leos (3rd nomination)|the RfD]] as delete based on consensus, however there are a few things i'm concerned about. First of all, (albeit bias), I did not agree that the page warranted deletion. I created the page because I was surprised this person did not have one. Two other editors @thetakodread and @[[User:Scripfowl|Scripfowl]] also made really strong arguments in favor of keeping the page. There is also a concerning pattern with the deletion requests against this page. The page was renominated multiple times within a few months. Worse though, if you look through the discussion, someone posted a link to a (now deleted) reddit post that was asking people to give deletion votes. Additionally, a user named CountryandWestern who voted, not only created their wikipedia account the day they cast the vote, but shortly after voting "keep" is when the reddit post asking people to delete page popped up. By far the strongest argument in favor of deletion was by Hian, whose argument was endorsed by CountryAndWestern, (a brand new editor). The other editor named Gotanda made a very thin delete vote, and the only other editor in favor of delete was an IP editor who said they came from a reddit post that encouraged people to delete the article. Both @[[User:Scripfowl|Scripfowl]] and @[[User:TheTakodread|theTakodread]] made analytical and policy backed arguments in favor of keeping. So if Hian was the only editor who made a strong (but not perfect) argument in favor deleting, how can we say there was consensus? If we negate the IP editor troll, and the brand new user, then that leaves only one strong delete vote, and a one sentence delete vote, compared to two well reasoned and in depth keeps (plus my vote). Given the controversial nature of this RfD, I wanted to ask you to please reconsider your closure, and allow the discussion to stay up longer. Not only did the nominator fail to acknowledge the subjects multiple roles (in the nomination lede, it shows they didn't look into the subject); there's also some very questionable delete votes that seem abusive. At best, the outcome seemed to be lacking consensus, at worst, the discussion should have resulted in a keep but was sabotaged by abusive editors. Please understand, I'm not accusing you of overlooking these, but in the event of a possible oversight, I wanted to bring this to your attention, and hope you will reconsider the outcome of that RfD. -Casey [[Special:Contributions/2603:8001:1DF0:94E0:F0A8:9859:8A67:722D|2603:8001:1DF0:94E0:F0A8:9859:8A67:722D]] ([[User talk:2603:8001:1DF0:94E0:F0A8:9859:8A67:722D|talk]]) 02:39, 21 May 2025 (UTC) :Both thetakodread and Scripfowl seem to be singe-purpose account whose sole purpose here is creation of that page. None of the keep votes were actually acknowledged by any of the neutral community members. Hiàn's comment made a lot of sense in regards to roles and sources, and were made on the basis of established community policy and guidelines. I stand by my closure of that RFD.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 05:53, 21 May 2025 (UTC) == South Asian Wikiproject == Hi, I've noticed that you edit articles mostly related to [[South Asia]], and therefore I warmly invite you to join [[user:shubhsamant09/Wikiproject South Asia|Wikiproject South Asia]], a place where all fellow editors can contribute collectively to help expand and enhance articles related to South Asia. [[User:Shubhsamant09|<span style="color: black;">'''Shubhsamant'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''09'''</span>]] 16:18, 26 May 2025 (UTC) == Tech News: 2025-22 == <section begin="technews-2025-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A community-wide discussion about a very delicate issue for the development of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] is now open on Meta: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. The discussion is open until June 12 at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], and every opinion is welcomed. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. '''Updates for editors''' * Since last week, on all wikis except [[phab:T388604|the largest 20]], people using the mobile visual editor will have [[phab:T385851|additional tools in the menu bar]], accessed using the new <code>+</code> toolbar button. To start, the new menu will include options to add: citations, hieroglyphs, and code blocks. Deployment to the remaining wikis is [[phab:T388605|scheduled]] to happen in June. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist]]</code> parser function will no longer register a link to its target page. This will improve the usefulness of [[{{#special:WantedPages}}]], which will eventually only list pages that are the target of an actual red link. This change will happen gradually as the source pages are updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14019] * This week, the Moderator Tools team will launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], starting at Indonesian Wikipedia. This new filter highlights edits that are likely to be reverted. The goal is to help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic edits. Other wikis will benefit from this filter in the future. * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. Readers of Catalan, Hebrew, and Italian Wikipedias and some sister projects will receive the change between May 21 and mid-June. Readers of other wikis will receive the change later. The goal is to encourage users to read the wikis more. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * Some users of the Wikipedia Android app can use a new feature for readers, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]], a daily trivia game based on real historical events. The release has started as an A/B test, available to 50% of users in the following languages: English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Newsletter|Newsletter extension]] that is available on MediaWiki.org allows the creation of [[mw:Special:Newsletters|various newsletters]] for global users. The extension can now publish new issues as section links on an existing page, instead of requiring a new page for each issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393844] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The previously deprecated <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Ipblocks table|ipblocks]]</code> views in [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will be removed in the beginning of June. Users are encouraged to query the new <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block table|block]]</code> and <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block target table|block_target]]</code> views instead. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects|Wikidata and Sister Projects]] is a multi-day online event that will focus on how Wikidata is integrated to Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects. The event runs from May 29 – June 1. You can [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects#Sessions|read the Program schedule]] and [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|register]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W22"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:05, 26 May 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28788673 --> == May 2025 == Why did you block me? There was already a discussion about it, a troll created chaos on the "Oldest people" page. Another user added another content deleting 80% of the content and replacing it with only Top 10, instead of Top 100, sources were already listed and everything accurately updated. More in this discussion: https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD2021?markasread=4830516&markasreadwiki=simplewiki#c-Barras-20250529145300-%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD2021-20250529145000 [[User:Дејан2021|Дејан2021]] ([[User talk:Дејан2021|talk]]) 16:34, 29 May 2025 (UTC) :Hi, you broke the [[WP:3RR]] so until the discussion about how to keep the page is concluded, I blocked you. If you can discuss and come to an agreement on which way to take the page, you can be unblocked. The page does mention it is based on Gerontology Research Group (GRG) or Guinness World Records (GWR) which is quite different from what was there. I understand that your change was based on longeviquest, so I am waiting for a discussion to see which source the information should be based on because the current back and forth will get us nowhere.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 16:43, 29 May 2025 (UTC) ::Ok, I already said that I listed the main sources, I updated the page thoroughly and accurately, however, the user Barras, removed 80% of the content, replacing it with the wrong content and with only Top 10, instead of Top 100 oldest people ever, so the best solution would be, do you want Top 10 or Top 100? Also, because of that there is no good reason to permanently block the user, because I want a solution to know whether to stay Top 100 or Top 10? what is the conclusion? I saved that page from being wrong and out of date content for the last two years, I will continue with regular and proper updates, only I want to know if you want Top 100 or Top 10? [[User:Дејан2021|Дејан2021]] ([[User talk:Дејан2021|talk]]) 18:07, 29 May 2025 (UTC) == Tech News: 2025-23 == <section begin="technews-2025-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Editors can use this new extension to create interactive data visualizations like bar, line, area, and pie charts. Charts are designed to replace many of the uses of the legacy [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]]. '''Updates for editors''' * It is now easier to configure automatic citations for your wiki within the visual editor's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]]. Administrators can now set a default template by using the <code dir=ltr>_default</code> key in the local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]</bdi> page ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|example diff]]). Setting this default will also help to future-proof your existing configurations when [[phab:T347823|new item types]] are added in the future. You can still set templates for individual item types as they will be preferred to the default template. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting the week of June 2, bots logging in using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> or <code dir=ltr>action=clientlogin</code> will fail more often. This is because of stronger protections against suspicious logins. Bots using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|bot passwords]] or using a loginless authentication method such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] are not affected. If your bot is not using one of those, you should update it; using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> without a bot password was deprecated [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|in 2016]]. For most bots, this only requires changing what password the bot uses. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205] * From this week, Wikimedia wikis will allow ES2017 features in JavaScript code for official code, gadgets, and user scripts. The most visible feature of ES2017 is <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax, allowing for easier-to-read code. Until this week, the platform only allowed up to ES2016, and a few months before that, up to ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Scholarship applications to participate in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] are now open. The conference will take place from 30 October to 1 November, in Lisbon, Portugal. GLAM contributors who lack the means to support their participation can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|apply here]]. Scholarship applications close on June 7th. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W23"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:55, 2 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28819186 --> l39bnli06spokq582evca50ptlrwou3 3 1168223 10368397 10070083 2025-07-02T22:38:23Z Ferien 1011873 Notification: listing at [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] of [[Videoclip.bg]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368397 wikitext text/x-wiki ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of WikiIndex== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:WikiIndex]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/WikiIndex]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Kuskrey|Ksy]] 13:19, 11 February 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Videoclip.bg== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Videoclip.bg]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Videoclip.bg]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:38, 2 July 2025 (UTC) m4z02wrd2s9g5j01ixhhf7ayykalda6 10368983 10368397 2025-07-03T05:21:11Z PowerBUL 552671 10368983 wikitext text/x-wiki ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of WikiIndex== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:WikiIndex]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/WikiIndex]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Kuskrey|Ksy]] 13:19, 11 February 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Videoclip.bg== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Videoclip.bg]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Videoclip.bg]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:38, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :Editing in this language version is a waste of time! --[[User:PowerBUL|PowerBUL]] ([[User talk:PowerBUL#top|talk]]) 05:21, 3 July 2025 (UTC) c40674je4kv5i45s92syc7pbvvix25h 10368987 10368983 2025-07-03T05:23:48Z PowerBUL 552671 Blanked the page 10368987 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 1169146 10367557 10363263 2025-07-02T12:00:39Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|Fixing broken anchor]]: #Clans (Gotra)→most alike anchor [[Koli clans and titles#Clans]] 10367557 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Bambhaniya Koli'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bhavnagar Lok Sabha seat heats up: BJP, AAP set for electoral showdown|url=https://english.gujaratsamachar.com/news/gujarat/bhavnagar-lok-sabha-seat-heats-up-bjp-aap-set-for-electoral-showdown|access-date=2025-02-15|website=english.gujaratsamachar.com|language=en}}</ref> (also spelled as '''Bambhania Koli''')<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-04-15|title=Lok Sabha polls 2024 {{!}} Report card: Bharatiben Shiyal|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/lok-sabha-polls-2024-reportcar-bharatiben-shiyal-9270326/|access-date=2025-02-15|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> is a [[Koli clans and titles#Clans|clan]] ([[Gotra]], Kutumb) of the [[Koli caste|Koli]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-06-10|title=Ex-Bhavnagar mayor Nimuben Bambhaniya sworn in as Minister of State|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ex-bhavnagar-mayor-nimuben-bambhaniya-sworn-minister-of-state-2551121-2024-06-10|access-date=2025-02-15|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> [[caste]] mostly found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union territory|Union Territory]] of [[Daman and Diu]] and nearby areas.<ref>{{Cite web|last=DeshGujarat|date=2024-03-13|title=Who is Nimuben Bambhaniya, BJP Lok Sabha candidate for Bhavnagar seat|url=https://deshgujarat.com/2024/03/13/who-is-nimuben-bambhaniya-bjp-lok-sabha-candidate-for-bhavnagar-seat/|access-date=2025-02-15|website=DeshGujarat|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-04-29|title=“This election is being fought by Narendrabhai” Bhavnagar BJP candidate after anti-Rupala demonstrators disrupted her rally|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/bjp-bhavnagar-candidate-nimuben-bambhania-lok-sabha-polls-9294584/|access-date=2025-02-15|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> {{Infobox tribe|name=Bambhaniya Koli|local name=બાંભણીયા કોલી|type=Clan (Gotra) of Koli caste|ethnicity=[[Koli caste]]|location=*[[Gujarat]] *[[Daman and Diu]]|varna=Agriculturist|parent_tribe=Kolis of Gujarat|demonym=[[Koli caste|Koli]]|branches=Bambhania Koli|language=*[[Koli language]] *[[Gujarati]] *[[Hindi]] *[[English language|English]]|religion=[[Hinduism]]|surnames=*[[Koli clans and titles#Titles (Upadhi)]]}} == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Koli, Bambhaniya}} [[Category:Koli clans]] 7suu933ltkxjgd3m932wev9vqmy2xbw 0 1169331 10369230 10333855 2025-07-03T08:32:31Z 2402:3A80:4552:65A1:F5AE:167E:44B4:CDF8 10369230 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chamar''' also known by many other names, is an Indian caste group whose hereditary occupation is tanning leather.<ref name="s351">{{cite web | title=Untouchables, Dalits, India | website=Encyclopedia Britannica | date=3 Mar 2025 | url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chamar | access-date=23 Mar 2025}}</ref> Chamar community is classified as a Scheduled Caste under modern India's system. == Chamar sub-castes == Ahirwar Suryavanshi or Jatav Choudhary , Varman, Roy, Raj, Suman, Airwal, Kataria, Kuril, Regar, Dabi, Jassi, Thegar, Nikhar, Satnami, Nona, Kainth, Gautam, Jassal, Chandaur, Sakrwar, Dalia, Rangia, Khalpa, Rohidas, Ramdas, Julah, Mahar, Adharmi Sikh etc. == References == {{Reflist|29em}} [[Category:Ethnic groups in India]] [[Category:Indian castes]] mc94e1cqf0akuqpn1ouokjeve25fxy7 0 1169659 10368172 10083650 2025-07-02T19:57:38Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C language info 10368172 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Italic title}} {{no sources|date=February 2025}} '''''Eliot Kid''''' is an animated sitcom children's television series created by Sebastian Dorsey, produced in 2007-2010. aired in March 3, 2008 to June 27, 2012 composed of two seasons and 52 episodes and 104 segments, produced by Samka Productions, Safari de Ville, and [[CBBC]] and distributed by Cake Entertainment and Jetpack Distribution. It also aired in United States by [[Qubo]] from 2014 to 2016. The show is about a young boy named Eliot, who summons up blockbuster film scenarios from his imagination to challenge and inspire his friends. == Voice cast == * Barbara Scaff - Eliot Kid * Mirabelle Kirkland - Isabelle Kid, Ms. Brigitte * Matthew Géczy - Jeremy Kid, Mr. Leon, Max * Leslie Lanker - Suzie Kid, Jade * Jodi Forrest - Kaytoo * Christine Flowers - Mimi, Loretta == Episodes == === Season 1/2 === # Wedding Impossible/Invasion of The Robot Clones # Aunt Margot/Bathroom Monster # Igor/20.000 Leagues # King of Dustmiteistan/Grand Prix # Kung-Fu Kid/Eliot In Love # The Musketeers' Plot/Broken Toy # Moving To The Stars/Stinkem the Ogre # Only When I Laugh/Big Webster # Mind Control/Revenge of the Seniors # Vegitariman/New Kid In School # Little Mouse/Treasure Room # Blue Lightning/Hamsterman # Shrinking Animals/Eliot's Nightmare # Big Expedition/Nature Is A Living Thing # Pirate Ghost/Freddy has Disappeared # Youki The Extraterrestrial/Werewolf # In The Time of the Pharaohs/Revolt # Christmas Elves/White Phantom # Green Beard/Villainous Vacuum # Eliot Against the Bananas/My Neighbor the Yeti # Suit of Armor/Little Bunny That Grew # Mission Popcorn/City Elections # A Knight to Remember/Class Photo # The Magic Spell Book/Virus Code # Great Dog Competition/Age of Reason # Halloween/Snowman # Ghost Hunt/Mimi The Magus # Enchanting Ice Cream/Senator's Visit # Vampire Ball/Creepy Carpet # Cyber Teacher/Diabolika # Buried City/Shrinking Mimi # Little Red Mimi/Bewitched # IguanaZilla/Toy Alert # Eliot The Kid/Skate Park # Game Over/Hungry Queen # A Monstrous Smell/Eliot Hood # A Great Coach/Teeth Have Ears # Inspection/My Muse Mimi # Rock Group/Land of the Vikings # Eliot Superstar/Call of the Wild # Cyborg/Theantypdois Cousin # Dreadful Danny/Frog Prince # Cave Friend/Wanted Salami # Mummy's Curse/In The Heart of the Jungle # Mission Earth/Flying Carpet # Iron Dragon/Zed the Dragon # Time Mix-Up/Revenge of the Tree # A Real Pig Star/Imp Thieves # Mimi the Mermaid/Hamsteriffic # Eliot's Laurels/Apocalypse Mutant # The Invasion/Mimi's Secret # Flower In-Chief/Life Without Mimi [[Category:2000s animated television series]] [[Category:2010s animated television series]] [[Category:2000s French television series]] [[Category:British English-language television programmes]] [[Category:CBBC shows]] [[Category:French animated television series]] [[Category:French-language television programs]] [[Category:BBC Television programmes]] [[Category:Disney Channel television series]] 48g9pihcmjunh547jxfrkka9pw5v3e8 0 1170261 10369367 10363324 2025-07-03T10:40:59Z 103.240.170.83 Add some content 10369367 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Malusare Koli'''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=k8hcDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT57&dq=Malusare+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiL4a7IqtKLAxW2zDgGHXZwCFwQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Rajwata: Aavishkar Gad Killayacha|last=Kale|first=Rohit Pralhadrao|date=2018-05-24|publisher=FSP Media Publications|pages=New Delhi, India, Asia|language=en}}</ref> (also spelled as '''Maloosare Koli''' and '''Malsure Koli''')<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Crime_and_Criminality_in_British_India/DroEAQAAIAAJ?hl=en|title=Crime and Criminality in British India|last=Yang|first=Anand A.|date=1985|publisher=Association for Asian Studies|isbn=978-0-8165-0951-5|location=New Delhi, India, Asia|pages=50|language=en}}</ref> is a surname of [[Koli caste|Koli]] [[caste|ethnic group]] mostly found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]]. [[Koli rebellion|Koli ethnic group]] of Malusare surname were known as [[Koli Mavala|Mavala]] because of their service in [[Maratha Empire]] and most known [[Koli Mavala|Koli]] family from Malusare surname was [[Tanaji Malusare]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Koli_Culture/o4RJAAAAMAAJ?hl=en|title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar|last=Roy|first=Shibani|date=1983|publisher=Cosmo Publications|location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]]|pages=25|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=JsKoEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT106&dq=Malusare+Koli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiL4a7IqtKLAxW2zDgGHXZwCFwQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Historicizing Myths in Contemporary India: Cinematic Representations and Nationalist Agendas in Hindi Cinema|last=Gopinath|first=Swapna|last2=Deshmukh|first2=Rutuja|date=2023-02-03|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=978-1-000-82991-4|location=New Delhi, India, Asia|pages=Tanhaji Malusare and his family belonged to the Koli caste, so it would have been quite strange for a Koli woman to be this proud of someone who protects the rights of a specific caste as opposed to everyone. But this is not the only time there exist caste-related discrepancies in the film.|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Feeding_the_Baniya/8EsfAQAAIAAJ?hl=en|title=Feeding the Baniya: Peasants and Usurers in Western India|last=Hardiman|first=David|date=1996|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-563956-8|location=New Delhi, India, Asia|pages=221|language=en}}</ref> {{Infobox tribe|name=Malusare Koli|local name=मालुसरे कोळी|type=Surname of Koli ethnic group|ethnicity=[[Koli ethnic group]]|location=*[[Maharashtra]]|varna=Ethnic group|parent_tribe=Koli ethnic group|demonym=[[Koli ethnic group|Koli ethnic group]]|language=*[[Koli language]] *[[Marathi]] *[[English language|English]]|religion=[[Hinduism]]|surnames=Malusare}} == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Koli, Malusare}} [[Category:Koli clans]] == External == *[https://www.kolisamajvikashsanstha.com/tanaji Tanaji Malusare] r5h6blbyn1mdhlbx393zh58nbq81n0h 0 1170848 10368700 10093725 2025-07-03T02:13:01Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 typo: duplication 10368700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=June 2014}} {{Infobox song | name = Say I | alt = | type = single | artist = [[Christina Milian]] featuring [[Young Jeezy]] | album = [[So Amazin']] | released = {{start date|2006|2|20}} | recorded = | studio = | venue = | length = 3:33 | label = {{hlist|[[Island Def Jam]]|[[Mercury Records|Mercury]]}} | writer = {{hlist|Bunny Sigler|J. Jenkins|Phil Hurtt|[[Cool & Dre|Andre Lyon]]|[[Dre (producer)|Marcello Valenzano]]|[[Jazmine Sullivan]]}} | producer = [[Cool & Dre]] | chronology = [[Christina Milian]] | prev_title = [[Whatever U Want]] | prev_year = 2004 | next_title = [[Us Against the World (Christina Milian song)|Us Against the World]] | next_year = 2008 | misc = {{Extra chronology | artist = [[Young Jeezy]] | type = singles | prev_title = [[Get Throwed]] | prev_year = 2006 | title = Say I | year = 2006 | next_title = [[Grew Up a Screw Up]] | next_year = 2006 }} }} "'''Say I'''" is a song by [[Americans|American]] [[singer]] [[Christina Milian]] with [[Young Jeezy]]. The song was made in February 2006. The song was the lead single from her third album ''[[So Amazin']].'' It went to the top five in Belgium, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom, and went to number 21 on the US [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]]. ==Track listings== {{track listing | headline = Digital download | extra_column = Producer(s) | title1 = Say I | note1 = featuring [[Young Jeezy]] | extra1 = [[Cool & Dre]] | length1 = 3:33 }} {{track listing | headline = CD single | extra_column = Producer(s) | title1 = Say I | note1 = Radio Edit featuring Young Jeezy | extra1 = Cool & Dre | length1 = 3:35 | title2 = Say I | note2 = Hani "Say I" Remix featuring Young Jeezy | extra2 = {{hlist|Cool & Dre|[[Hani (producer)|Hani]]{{ref|a|[a]}}}} | length2 = 7:37 }} {{track listing | headline = Maxi single | extra_column = Producer(s) | title1 = Say I | note1 = Radio Edit featuring Young Jeezy | extra1 = Cool & Dre | length1 = 3:35 | title2 = Say I | note2 = Maurice Say Mo Remix featuring Young Jeezy | extra2 = {{hlist|Cool & Dre|[[Maurice Joshua]]{{ref|a|[a]}}}} | length2 = 6:26 | title3 = Say I | note3 = Hani "Say I" Remix featuring Young Jeezy | extra3 = {{hlist|Cool & Dre|Hani{{ref|a|[a]}}}} | length3 = 7:37 | title4 = Say I | note4 = Music video | length4 = 3:32 }} '''Notes''' *{{sup|{{note|a|[a]}}}} denotes additional producer ==Charts== {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} ===Weekly charts=== {|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" !scope="col"|Chart (2006) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- {{single chart|Australia|45|artist=Christina Milian feat. Young Jeezy|song=Say I|rowheader=true|access-date=July 26, 2020}} |- {{single chart|Australiaurban|13|url=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20080222222430/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20060720-0000/issue851.pdf|urltitle=Issue 851|rowheader=true|access-date=July 23, 2024}} |- {{single chart|Austria|64|artist=Christina Milian feat. Young Jeezy|song=Say I|rowheader=true|access-date=July 26, 2020}} |- {{single chart|Flanders|43|artist=Christina Milian feat. Young Jeezy|song=Say I|rowheader=true|access-date=July 26, 2020}} |- {{single chart|Wallonia Tip|2|artist=Christina Milian feat. Young Jeezy|song=Say I|rowheader=true|access-date=July 26, 2020}} |- !scope="row"|Europe ([[European Hot 100 Singles]])<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/00s/2006/BB-2006-06-03.pdf|title=Hits of the World – Eurocharts|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|volume=118|issue=22|page=75|date=June 3, 2006|access-date=July 26, 2020}}</ref> |10 |- {{Single chart|Germany|38|artist=Christina Milian feat. Young Jeezy|song=Say I|songid=203883|rowheader=true}} |- !scope="row"|Global Dance Songs (''[[Billboard Magazine|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/christina-milian/chart-history/dgl/|title=Christina Milian – Global Dance Songs |magazine= Billboard |access-date=May 8, 2022}}</ref> |20 |- {{single chart|Ireland2|15|artist=Christina Milian featuring Young Jeezy|rowheader=true|access-date=July 26, 2020}} |- !scope="row"|Netherlands ([[Dutch Top 40|Dutch Top 40 Tipparade]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.top40.nl/tipparade/2006/week-28|title=week 28 (15 juli 2006)|publisher=[[Dutch Top 40]]|language=nl|access-date=July 28, 2020}}</ref> |3 |- {{single chart|Dutch100|74|artist=Christina Milian feat. Young Jeezy|song=Say I|rowheader=true|access-date=July 26, 2020}} |- {{single chart|New Zealand|23|artist=Christina Milian feat. Young Jeezy|song=Say I|rowheader=true|access-date=July 26, 2020}} |- {{single chart|Scotland|10|date=20060527|rowheader=true|access-date=July 26, 2020}} |- {{single chart|Switzerland|23|artist=Christina Milian feat. Young Jeezy|song=Say I|rowheader=true|access-date=July 26, 2020}} |- {{single chart|UK|4|date=20060527|rowheader=true|access-date=July 26, 2020}} |- {{single chart|UKrandb|5|date=20060527|rowheader=true|access-date=July 26, 2020}} |- {{single chart|Billboardhot100|21|artist=Christina Milian|rowheader=true|access-date=July 26, 2020}} |- {{single chart|Billboarddanceclubplay|4|artist=Christina Milian|rowheader=true|access-date=July 26, 2020}} |- {{single chart|Billboarddanceairplay|25|artist=Christina Milian|rowheader=true|access-date=July 26, 2020}} |- {{single chart|Billboardrandbhiphop|13|artist=Christina Milian|rowheader=true|access-date=July 26, 2020}} |- {{single chart|Billboardpopsongs|35|artist=Christina Milian|rowheader=true|access-date=July 26, 2020}} |- {{single chart|Billboardrhythmic|18|artist=Christina Milian|rowheader=true|access-date=July 26, 2020}} |} {{col-2}} ===Year-end charts=== {|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" !scope="col"|Chart (2006) !scope="col"|Position |- !scope="row"|UK Singles (OCC)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/ChartsPlusYE2006.pdf|title=The Official UK Singles Chart 2006|work=[[UKChartsPlus]]|access-date=July 26, 2020}}</ref> |105 |- !scope="row"|UK Urban (''[[Music Week]]'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/UK/Music-Week/2007/Music-Week-2007-01-13.pdf |title=2006 Urban Top 40|magazine=[[Music Week]]|page=26|date=January 13, 2007|access-date=August 6, 2023}}</ref> |11 |- !scope="row"|US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2006/hot-r-and-and-b-hip-hop-songs-titles|title=Year-End Charts – Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs Titles – 2006|website=Billboard.biz|year=2006|access-date=September 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003173555/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2006/hot-r-and-and-b-hip-hop-songs-titles|archive-date=October 3, 2012}}</ref> |73 |} {{col-end}} ==Release history== {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" !scope="col"|Region !scope="col"|Date !scope="col"|Format(s) !scope="col"|Label(s) !scope="col"|{{abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- !scope="row" rowspan="3"|United States |February 20, 2006 |[[Urban radio]] |rowspan="3"|[[Island Def Jam]] |<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Going for Adds|magazine=[[Radio & Records]]|issue=1645|page=23|date=February 17, 2006}}</ref> |- |March 14, 2006 |[[Rhythmic contemporary]] radio |<ref name="fmqb">{{cite web|url=http://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=69239#2006|title=Available for Airplay|website=[[FMQB]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091101141712/http://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=69239|archive-date=November 1, 2009|access-date=October 22, 2021}}</ref> |- |April 24, 2006 |[[Contemporary hit radio]] |<ref name="fmqb"/> |- !scope="row"|United Kingdom |May 15, 2006 |CD |{{hlist|Island Def Jam|[[Mercury Records|Mercury]]}} |<ref>{{cite magazine|title=New Releases: Singles|magazine=[[Music Week]]|page=25|date=May 13, 2006}}</ref> |} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{YouTube|jpU0QVpg3Mk|"Say I" music video}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:2005 songs]] exk9zfbdfboh3itr5axx7nkw4wr1ah6 0 1171426 10368828 10360860 2025-07-03T03:15:15Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368828 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox mountain | name = Mount Tagapo | other_name = Bundok Susong Dalaga | photo = Mt. Tagapo.jpg | photo_size = | photo_alt = | photo_caption = | map = Philippines | map_alt = | map_caption = Location within the Philippines | map_relief = | map_size = | location = [[Talim Island]] | label = {{nowrap|Mount Tagapo}} | label_position = | coordinates = {{coord|14|19|58.584|N|121|13|57.216|E|type:mountain_region:PH_scale:2000|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_ref = | elevation_m = 438 | elevation_ref = | isolation_km = | isolation_ref = | prominence_m = | prominence_ref = | parent_peak = | listing = | translation = | language = | pronunciation = | range = western rim of the [[Laguna Caldera]] | topo = | type = Mountain or [[ridge]] peak | country = [[Philippines]] | state = [[Calabarzon]] | state_type = Region | region = [[Rizal (province)|Rizal]] | region_type = Province | settlement = {{hlist | [[Binangonan, Rizal|Binangonan]] | [[Cardona, Rizal|Cardona]] }} | settlement_type = Municipalities | age = | volcanic_arc = | volcanic_belt = | volcanic_field = [[Laguna Caldera]] | volcanic_arc/belt = | last_eruption = | first_ascent = | easiest_route = Brgy. Janosa Trail from [[Binangonan, Rizal|Binangonan]] | normal_route = | access = }} '''Mount Tagapo''', also known as ''"Susong Dalaga"'', is a conical peak on the [[lake island]] of [[Talim Island|Talim]] on [[Laguna de Bay]], in the [[Philippines]]. The mountain [[ridge]] is {{convert|438|m|abbr=on}} in elevation and the highest point of Talim Island.<ref name=pm>[http://www.pinoymountaineer.com/2007/08/mt-tagapo-438.html "Mt. Tagapo (438+)"]. Pinoy Mountaineer. Retrieved on 2014-08-02.</ref> The peak falls under the respective jurisdictions of the towns of ''[[Binangonan, Rizal|Binangonan]]'' and ''[[Cardona, Rizal|Cardona]]'' of [[Rizal (province)|Rizal province]]. ==Etymology== The name is derived from the [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] word ''taga'', meaning "to chop".<ref name=pm/> The island's name, ''talim'' (also in Tagalog), means "blade" in English, probably named after its outline on maps, which looks like a short sword. The peak is also locally known as ''Bundok Susong Dalaga'' (Maiden's breast mountain), due to its conical shape.<ref name=pm/> ==Geography== Parting the middle of the {{convert|15|km|adj=on}} long Talim Island island is a [[ridge|volcanic ridge]] with Mount Tagapo as its highest peak. Jurisdiction of the peak is divided between the towns of ''Binangonan'' in the west, and ''Cardona'' in the east. The island itself forms the southwestern rim of the '''[[Laguna Caldera]]''', a large ''[[caldera]]'' that occupies the middle section of [[Laguna de Bay]].<ref name=gvp>[http://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=273080 "Laguna Caldera (Background tab)"]. Global Volcanism Program. Retrieved on 2014-08-16.</ref><ref>[https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Mt+Tagapo,+Philippines&ll=14.328759,121.243229&spn=0.111435,0.16531&t=h&hnear=Mt+Tagapo&z=13&iwloc=A "Mount Tagapo"]. Google Maps. Retrieved on 2014-08-16.</ref> {{wide image|Mt. Tagapo peak.jpg|450px|Mount Tagapo's peak with the trail visible on the right slope}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commonscat}} * [https://www.latlong.net/c/?lat=14.332940&long=121.232560 ''Mount Tagapo in LatLong.net'' ] * [https://peakvisor.com/peak/mount-tagapo.html ''Mount Tagapo in Peakvisor'' ] {{multistub|geo|Asia}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tagapo, Mount}} [[Category:Rizal]] [[Category:Laguna (province)]] [[Category:Volcanoes of the Philippines]] 7gvy85vymteegij6jaz3zfpgv71ejbf 0 1171636 10368338 10162231 2025-07-02T22:05:03Z Buszmail 576750 /* Rise of Binangonan */ 10368338 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Binangonan | image_skyline = Binangonan_Church_with_fiesta_dancing.jpg | image_caption = Binangonan Church | image_flag = Flag_of_Binangonan,_Rizal.png | flag_size = 120x80px | image_seal = Binangonan.rizal.jpeg | seal_size = 100x80px | image_map = Ph_locator_rizal_binangonan.png | map_caption = {{PH wikidata|map_caption}} | image_map1 = {{hidden begin|title=OpenStreetMap|ta1=center}}{{Infobox mapframe|frame-width=250}}{{hidden end}} | pushpin_map = Philippines | pushpin_label_position = left | pushpin_map_caption = Location within the {{PH wikidata|country}} | coordinates = {{coord|14|27|05|N|121|11|31|E|type:isle_region:PH|display=inline,title}} | settlement_type = Municipality | established_title = Founded | established_date = 1737 | established_title2 = Chartered | established_date2 = March 29, 1900 | established_title3 = ''Annexation'' to [[Morong, Rizal|Morong]] | established_date3 = October 12, 1903 | established_title4 = ''Separation'' from [[Morong, Rizal|Morong]] | established_date4 = November 6, 1903 | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | subdivision_name = [[Philippines]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of the Philippines|Region]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Calabarzon]] | subdivision_type2 = Province | subdivision_name2 = [[Rizal]] | subdivision_type3 = District | subdivision_name3 = 1st District | official_name = | etymology = <!--origin of name--> | named_for = <!--named after (if person or place)--> | native_name = | timezone = [[Philippine Standard Time|PST]] | utc_offset = +8 | postal_code_type = ZIP code | postal_code = 1940 | postal2_code_type = PSGC | postal2_code = 0405804000 | area_code_type = IDD : area code  | area_code = +63 (0)2 | blank_name_sec1 = Catholic diocese | blank_info_sec1 = [[Diocese of Antipolo]] | blank2_name_sec1 = Patron saint | blank2_info_sec1 = Saint Ursula | website = https://binangonan.gov.ph/ | short_description = | footnotes = }} [[File:Talim Island port (Binangonan, Rizal; 08-08-2021).jpg|thumb|220px|left|[[Talim Island]] port of Binangonan]] '''Binangonan''', officially the '''Municipality of Binangonan''', is a [[municipality]] in the [[Philippine Province|province]] of [[Rizal (province)|Rizal]], [[Philippines]]. A thriving fish port and fishing industry is found in Binangonan, having a long coast line facing [[Laguna de Bay]], including the western part of ''[[Talim Island]]''. ==History== The settlement of present-day Binangonan was founded by Spanish missionaries between the years 1571–1602 as a part of a larger territory called [[Morong]], but it was separated in 1621 to create an independent parish — and given the mythical ''Saint Ursula'' as the parish's patron. ===Ecclesiastical roots=== Binangonan was a settlement predating the Spanish colonial period, called [[Morong]], that stretched from the [[Sierra Madre]] mountain range to the lake of [[Laguna de Bay]]. In the early Spanish conquest of [[Luzon]], the [[Augustinian]] missionaries reached the settlement in 1574, followed by [[Franciscan]] missionaries in 1621 towards converting the [[Aeta people|''Aeta'']] natives. Indigenous Aetas are evidenced to have inhabited Binangonan until 1928, and their culture is found in ''Lungga Ita'' in [[Barangay Pila-pila]] and in Aeta words like ''Wawa'' and ''Ithan''.<ref>{{Citation|title=History {{!}} Municipality of Binangonan |url=https://binangonan.gov.ph/history/#:~:text=The%20town%20was%20established%20in,the%20heart%20of%20the%20town |language=en}}</ref> The ''[[poblacion]]'' of the town was started in 1621, and a parish named after the patronage of the mythical [[Saint Ursula]] began in 1737. In 1835, the settlement seceded from the province of [[Laguna]] and was annexed to ''Distrito de los Mateo'', <ref>{{cite PH act|chamber=Act|url=https://lawyerly.ph/laws/view/l8ae8|number=984|date=November 6, 1903|accessdate=June 21, 2022|title=An Act Amending Acy Numbered Nine Hundred and Forty-Two, Entitled "An Act Reducing the Thirty-Two Municipalities of the Province of Rizal to Fifteen," by Reducing the Thirty-Two Municipalities of the Said Province to Sixteen}}</ref>renamed to '''Distrito Politico Militar de Morong'''.<ref>{{Citation |title=History of Binangonan, Rizal {{!}} festivalscape.com |url=https://www.festivalscape.com/philippines/rizal/araw-ng-binganonan|language=en}}</ref> ===Rise of Binangonan=== At the height of the [[Philippine Revolution]] against the Spanish government, the townspeople of Binangonan rose in revolt in defiance of the Spanish authorities, as they joined the revolutionary group called ''Katipunan''.<ref>{{Citation|title=Binangonan socio-economic profile (Binangonan Revisited) {{!}} Binangonan.gov.ph |url=https://binangonan.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/binangonan-socio-economic-profile.pdf |language=en}}</ref> The town's uprising was disparaged by the colonial authorities as ''"Binangonan de los Perros''" (trans.: ''"of the dogs"'') but the ridicule did not prosper.<ref>{{Citation|title=The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898 - Volume 40 of 55, 1690-1691 by Emma Helen Blair et al. {{!}} Project Gutenberg |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/30253|language=en}}</ref> The [[etymology]] of Binangonan ([[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]:''bangon'', meaning "'''to rise'''") is traced to this origin, where events or people had arisen ===Municipality=== Liberation from foreign rule was shortlived however, when Americans arrived and subjugated the native population by a General Order No. 40 of March 29, 1900. On June 11, 1901, Binangonan was merged into the newly established [[Rizal|province of Rizal]], and for a brief time was brought back to the territory of Morong along with the other nearby towns of [[Baras]] and [[Cardona]] by a government Act issued on October 12, 1903,<ref>{{cite PH act|chamber=Act|url=https://lawyerly.ph/laws/view/l89ad|number=942|date=October 12, 1903|accessdate=June 18, 2022|title=An Act Reducing the Thirty-Two Municipalities of the Province of Rizal to Fifteen}}</ref> but it was spun off once again on November 6, 1903 when the '''Municipality of Binangonan''' finally acquired its own charter presided by ''[[Don Jose M. Ynares Sr. Memorial National High School|Don Jose Ynares y Granados]]''. [[File:Binangonan Rizal.JPG|275px|thumb|Aerial view of Binangonan, [[Cardona, Rizal|Cardona]], [[Morong, Rizal|Morong]], [[Baras, Rizal|Baras]], and [[Tanay, Rizal|Tanay]]]] ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Settlements in Rizal]] hazk86kzis7bxkpcixn6r9hihmmhmah 10368381 10368338 2025-07-02T22:26:15Z Buszmail 576750 /* Ecclesiastical roots */ 10368381 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Binangonan | image_skyline = Binangonan_Church_with_fiesta_dancing.jpg | image_caption = Binangonan Church | image_flag = Flag_of_Binangonan,_Rizal.png | flag_size = 120x80px | image_seal = Binangonan.rizal.jpeg | seal_size = 100x80px | image_map = Ph_locator_rizal_binangonan.png | map_caption = {{PH wikidata|map_caption}} | image_map1 = {{hidden begin|title=OpenStreetMap|ta1=center}}{{Infobox mapframe|frame-width=250}}{{hidden end}} | pushpin_map = Philippines | pushpin_label_position = left | pushpin_map_caption = Location within the {{PH wikidata|country}} | coordinates = {{coord|14|27|05|N|121|11|31|E|type:isle_region:PH|display=inline,title}} | settlement_type = Municipality | established_title = Founded | established_date = 1737 | established_title2 = Chartered | established_date2 = March 29, 1900 | established_title3 = ''Annexation'' to [[Morong, Rizal|Morong]] | established_date3 = October 12, 1903 | established_title4 = ''Separation'' from [[Morong, Rizal|Morong]] | established_date4 = November 6, 1903 | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | subdivision_name = [[Philippines]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of the Philippines|Region]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Calabarzon]] | subdivision_type2 = Province | subdivision_name2 = [[Rizal]] | subdivision_type3 = District | subdivision_name3 = 1st District | official_name = | etymology = <!--origin of name--> | named_for = <!--named after (if person or place)--> | native_name = | timezone = [[Philippine Standard Time|PST]] | utc_offset = +8 | postal_code_type = ZIP code | postal_code = 1940 | postal2_code_type = PSGC | postal2_code = 0405804000 | area_code_type = IDD : area code  | area_code = +63 (0)2 | blank_name_sec1 = Catholic diocese | blank_info_sec1 = [[Diocese of Antipolo]] | blank2_name_sec1 = Patron saint | blank2_info_sec1 = Saint Ursula | website = https://binangonan.gov.ph/ | short_description = | footnotes = }} [[File:Talim Island port (Binangonan, Rizal; 08-08-2021).jpg|thumb|220px|left|[[Talim Island]] port of Binangonan]] '''Binangonan''', officially the '''Municipality of Binangonan''', is a [[municipality]] in the [[Philippine Province|province]] of [[Rizal (province)|Rizal]], [[Philippines]]. A thriving fish port and fishing industry is found in Binangonan, having a long coast line facing [[Laguna de Bay]], including the western part of ''[[Talim Island]]''. ==History== The settlement of present-day Binangonan was founded by Spanish missionaries between the years 1571–1602 as a part of a larger territory called [[Morong]], but it was separated in 1621 to create an independent parish — and given the mythical ''Saint Ursula'' as the parish's patron. ===Ecclesiastical roots=== Binangonan was a settlement predating the Spanish colonial period, called [[Morong, Rizal|Morong]], that stretched from the [[Sierra Madre (Philippines)|Sierra Madre]] mountain range to the lake of [[Laguna de Bay]]. In the early Spanish conquest of [[Luzon]], the [[Augustinians|Augustinian]] missionaries reached the settlement in 1574, followed by [[Franciscan]] missionaries in 1621 towards converting the [[Aeta people|''Aeta'']] natives. Indigenous Aetas are evidenced to have inhabited Binangonan until 1928, and their culture is found in ''Lungga Ita'' in ''Barangay Pila-pila'' and in Aeta words like ''Wawa'' and ''Ithan''.<ref>{{Citation|title=History {{!}} Municipality of Binangonan |url=https://binangonan.gov.ph/history/#:~:text=The%20town%20was%20established%20in,the%20heart%20of%20the%20town |language=en}}</ref> The ''[[poblacion]]'' of the town was started in 1621, and a parish named after the patronage of the mythical Saint Ursula<ref>{{cite web|title=Saint Ursula Christian martyr |website=Britannica.com|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Ursula/}}</ref> began in 1737. In 1835, the settlement seceded from the province of [[Laguna]] and was annexed to ''Distrito de los Mateo''<ref>{{cite PH act|chamber=Act|url=https://lawyerly.ph/laws/view/l8ae8|number=984|date=November 6, 1903|accessdate=June 21, 2022|title=An Act Amending Acy Numbered Nine Hundred and Forty-Two, Entitled "An Act Reducing the Thirty-Two Municipalities of the Province of Rizal to Fifteen," by Reducing the Thirty-Two Municipalities of the Said Province to Sixteen}}</ref>, renamed to '''Distrito Politico Militar de Morong'''.<ref>{{Citation |title=History of Binangonan, Rizal {{!}} festivalscape.com |url=https://www.festivalscape.com/philippines/rizal/araw-ng-binganonan|language=en}}</ref> ===Rise of Binangonan=== At the height of the [[Philippine Revolution]] against the Spanish government, the townspeople of Binangonan rose in revolt in defiance of the Spanish authorities, as they joined the revolutionary group called ''Katipunan''.<ref>{{Citation|title=Binangonan socio-economic profile (Binangonan Revisited) {{!}} Binangonan.gov.ph |url=https://binangonan.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/binangonan-socio-economic-profile.pdf |language=en}}</ref> The town's uprising was disparaged by the colonial authorities as ''"Binangonan de los Perros''" (trans.: ''"of the dogs"'') but the ridicule did not prosper.<ref>{{Citation|title=The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898 - Volume 40 of 55, 1690-1691 by Emma Helen Blair et al. {{!}} Project Gutenberg |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/30253|language=en}}</ref> The [[etymology]] of Binangonan ([[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]:''bangon'', meaning "'''to rise'''") is traced to this origin, where events or people had arisen ===Municipality=== Liberation from foreign rule was shortlived however, when Americans arrived and subjugated the native population by a General Order No. 40 of March 29, 1900. On June 11, 1901, Binangonan was merged into the newly established [[Rizal|province of Rizal]], and for a brief time was brought back to the territory of Morong along with the other nearby towns of [[Baras]] and [[Cardona]] by a government Act issued on October 12, 1903,<ref>{{cite PH act|chamber=Act|url=https://lawyerly.ph/laws/view/l89ad|number=942|date=October 12, 1903|accessdate=June 18, 2022|title=An Act Reducing the Thirty-Two Municipalities of the Province of Rizal to Fifteen}}</ref> but it was spun off once again on November 6, 1903 when the '''Municipality of Binangonan''' finally acquired its own charter presided by ''[[Don Jose M. Ynares Sr. Memorial National High School|Don Jose Ynares y Granados]]''. [[File:Binangonan Rizal.JPG|275px|thumb|Aerial view of Binangonan, [[Cardona, Rizal|Cardona]], [[Morong, Rizal|Morong]], [[Baras, Rizal|Baras]], and [[Tanay, Rizal|Tanay]]]] ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Settlements in Rizal]] 6zlolcsxl68fjep0jb257vyw0olt4d6 10368387 10368381 2025-07-02T22:27:30Z Buszmail 576750 10368387 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Binangonan | image_skyline = Binangonan_Church_with_fiesta_dancing.jpg | image_caption = Binangonan Church | image_flag = Flag_of_Binangonan,_Rizal.png | flag_size = 120x80px | image_seal = Binangonan.rizal.jpeg | seal_size = 100x80px | image_map = Ph_locator_rizal_binangonan.png | map_caption = {{PH wikidata|map_caption}} | image_map1 = {{hidden begin|title=OpenStreetMap|ta1=center}}{{Infobox mapframe|frame-width=250}}{{hidden end}} | pushpin_map = Philippines | pushpin_label_position = left | pushpin_map_caption = Location within the {{PH wikidata|country}} | coordinates = {{coord|14|27|05|N|121|11|31|E|type:isle_region:PH|display=inline,title}} | settlement_type = Municipality | established_title = Founded | established_date = 1737 | established_title2 = Chartered | established_date2 = March 29, 1900 | established_title3 = ''Annexation'' to [[Morong, Rizal|Morong]] | established_date3 = October 12, 1903 | established_title4 = ''Separation'' from [[Morong, Rizal|Morong]] | established_date4 = November 6, 1903 | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | subdivision_name = [[Philippines]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of the Philippines|Region]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Calabarzon]] | subdivision_type2 = Province | subdivision_name2 = [[Rizal]] | subdivision_type3 = District | subdivision_name3 = 1st District | official_name = | etymology = <!--origin of name--> | named_for = <!--named after (if person or place)--> | native_name = | timezone = [[Philippine Standard Time|PST]] | utc_offset = +8 | postal_code_type = ZIP code | postal_code = 1940 | postal2_code_type = PSGC | postal2_code = 0405804000 | area_code_type = IDD : area code  | area_code = +63 (0)2 | blank_name_sec1 = Catholic diocese | blank_info_sec1 = Diocese of Antipolo | blank2_name_sec1 = Patron saint | blank2_info_sec1 = Saint Ursula | website = https://binangonan.gov.ph/ | short_description = | footnotes = }} [[File:Talim Island port (Binangonan, Rizal; 08-08-2021).jpg|thumb|220px|left|[[Talim Island]] port of Binangonan]] '''Binangonan''', officially the '''Municipality of Binangonan''', is a [[municipality]] in the [[Philippine Province|province]] of [[Rizal (province)|Rizal]], [[Philippines]]. A thriving fish port and fishing industry is found in Binangonan, having a long coast line facing [[Laguna de Bay]], including the western part of ''[[Talim Island]]''. ==History== The settlement of present-day Binangonan was founded by Spanish missionaries between the years 1571–1602 as a part of a larger territory called [[Morong]], but it was separated in 1621 to create an independent parish — and given the mythical ''Saint Ursula'' as the parish's patron. ===Ecclesiastical roots=== Binangonan was a settlement predating the Spanish colonial period, called [[Morong, Rizal|Morong]], that stretched from the [[Sierra Madre (Philippines)|Sierra Madre]] mountain range to the lake of [[Laguna de Bay]]. In the early Spanish conquest of [[Luzon]], the [[Augustinians|Augustinian]] missionaries reached the settlement in 1574, followed by [[Franciscan]] missionaries in 1621 towards converting the [[Aeta people|''Aeta'']] natives. Indigenous Aetas are evidenced to have inhabited Binangonan until 1928, and their culture is found in ''Lungga Ita'' in ''Barangay Pila-pila'' and in Aeta words like ''Wawa'' and ''Ithan''.<ref>{{Citation|title=History {{!}} Municipality of Binangonan |url=https://binangonan.gov.ph/history/#:~:text=The%20town%20was%20established%20in,the%20heart%20of%20the%20town |language=en}}</ref> The ''[[poblacion]]'' of the town was started in 1621, and a parish named after the patronage of the mythical Saint Ursula<ref>{{cite web|title=Saint Ursula Christian martyr |website=Britannica.com|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Ursula/}}</ref> began in 1737. In 1835, the settlement seceded from the province of [[Laguna]] and was annexed to ''Distrito de los Mateo''<ref>{{cite PH act|chamber=Act|url=https://lawyerly.ph/laws/view/l8ae8|number=984|date=November 6, 1903|accessdate=June 21, 2022|title=An Act Amending Acy Numbered Nine Hundred and Forty-Two, Entitled "An Act Reducing the Thirty-Two Municipalities of the Province of Rizal to Fifteen," by Reducing the Thirty-Two Municipalities of the Said Province to Sixteen}}</ref>, renamed to '''Distrito Politico Militar de Morong'''.<ref>{{Citation |title=History of Binangonan, Rizal {{!}} festivalscape.com |url=https://www.festivalscape.com/philippines/rizal/araw-ng-binganonan|language=en}}</ref> ===Rise of Binangonan=== At the height of the [[Philippine Revolution]] against the Spanish government, the townspeople of Binangonan rose in revolt in defiance of the Spanish authorities, as they joined the revolutionary group called ''Katipunan''.<ref>{{Citation|title=Binangonan socio-economic profile (Binangonan Revisited) {{!}} Binangonan.gov.ph |url=https://binangonan.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/binangonan-socio-economic-profile.pdf |language=en}}</ref> The town's uprising was disparaged by the colonial authorities as ''"Binangonan de los Perros''" (trans.: ''"of the dogs"'') but the ridicule did not prosper.<ref>{{Citation|title=The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898 - Volume 40 of 55, 1690-1691 by Emma Helen Blair et al. {{!}} Project Gutenberg |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/30253|language=en}}</ref> The [[etymology]] of Binangonan ([[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]:''bangon'', meaning "'''to rise'''") is traced to this origin, where events or people had arisen ===Municipality=== Liberation from foreign rule was shortlived however, when Americans arrived and subjugated the native population by a General Order No. 40 of March 29, 1900. On June 11, 1901, Binangonan was merged into the newly established [[Rizal|province of Rizal]], and for a brief time was brought back to the territory of Morong along with the other nearby towns of [[Baras]] and [[Cardona]] by a government Act issued on October 12, 1903,<ref>{{cite PH act|chamber=Act|url=https://lawyerly.ph/laws/view/l89ad|number=942|date=October 12, 1903|accessdate=June 18, 2022|title=An Act Reducing the Thirty-Two Municipalities of the Province of Rizal to Fifteen}}</ref> but it was spun off once again on November 6, 1903 when the '''Municipality of Binangonan''' finally acquired its own charter presided by ''[[Don Jose M. Ynares Sr. Memorial National High School|Don Jose Ynares y Granados]]''. [[File:Binangonan Rizal.JPG|275px|thumb|Aerial view of Binangonan, [[Cardona, Rizal|Cardona]], [[Morong, Rizal|Morong]], [[Baras, Rizal|Baras]], and [[Tanay, Rizal|Tanay]]]] ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Settlements in Rizal]] qrcm12zerzqjvwqvi0oca7cqa0senqm 10368414 10368387 2025-07-02T22:51:27Z Buszmail 576750 /* History */ 10368414 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Binangonan | image_skyline = Binangonan_Church_with_fiesta_dancing.jpg | image_caption = Binangonan Church | image_flag = Flag_of_Binangonan,_Rizal.png | flag_size = 120x80px | image_seal = Binangonan.rizal.jpeg | seal_size = 100x80px | image_map = Ph_locator_rizal_binangonan.png | map_caption = {{PH wikidata|map_caption}} | image_map1 = {{hidden begin|title=OpenStreetMap|ta1=center}}{{Infobox mapframe|frame-width=250}}{{hidden end}} | pushpin_map = Philippines | pushpin_label_position = left | pushpin_map_caption = Location within the {{PH wikidata|country}} | coordinates = {{coord|14|27|05|N|121|11|31|E|type:isle_region:PH|display=inline,title}} | settlement_type = Municipality | established_title = Founded | established_date = 1737 | established_title2 = Chartered | established_date2 = March 29, 1900 | established_title3 = ''Annexation'' to [[Morong, Rizal|Morong]] | established_date3 = October 12, 1903 | established_title4 = ''Separation'' from [[Morong, Rizal|Morong]] | established_date4 = November 6, 1903 | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | subdivision_name = [[Philippines]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of the Philippines|Region]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Calabarzon]] | subdivision_type2 = Province | subdivision_name2 = [[Rizal]] | subdivision_type3 = District | subdivision_name3 = 1st District | official_name = | etymology = <!--origin of name--> | named_for = <!--named after (if person or place)--> | native_name = | timezone = [[Philippine Standard Time|PST]] | utc_offset = +8 | postal_code_type = ZIP code | postal_code = 1940 | postal2_code_type = PSGC | postal2_code = 0405804000 | area_code_type = IDD : area code  | area_code = +63 (0)2 | blank_name_sec1 = Catholic diocese | blank_info_sec1 = Diocese of Antipolo | blank2_name_sec1 = Patron saint | blank2_info_sec1 = Saint Ursula | website = https://binangonan.gov.ph/ | short_description = | footnotes = }} [[File:Talim Island port (Binangonan, Rizal; 08-08-2021).jpg|thumb|220px|left|[[Talim Island]] port of Binangonan]] '''Binangonan''', officially the '''Municipality of Binangonan''', is a [[municipality]] in the [[Philippine Province|province]] of [[Rizal (province)|Rizal]], [[Philippines]]. A thriving fish port and fishing industry is found in Binangonan, having a long coast line facing [[Laguna de Bay]], including the western part of ''[[Talim Island]]''. ==History== The settlement of present-day Binangonan was founded by Spanish missionaries between the years 1571–1602 as a part of a larger territory called ''Morong'',<ref>{{cite web |title= Municipality of Morong, Rizal; History|website= MorongRizal.gov.ph |url=https://morongrizal.gov.ph/about-us/history//}}</ref> but it was separated in 1621 to create an independent parish — and given the mythical ''Saint Ursula''<ref>{{cite web|title=Saint Ursula Christian martyr |website=Britannica.com|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Ursula/}}</ref> as the parish's patron. ===Ecclesiastical roots=== Binangonan was a settlement predating the Spanish colonial period, called ''Morong'', that stretched from the [[Sierra Madre (Philippines)|Sierra Madre]] mountain range to the lake of [[Laguna de Bay]]. In the early Spanish conquest of [[Luzon]], the [[Augustinians|Augustinian]] missionaries reached the settlement in 1574, followed by [[Franciscan]] missionaries in 1621 towards converting the [[Aeta people|''Aeta'']] natives. Indigenous Aetas are evidenced to have inhabited Binangonan until 1928, and their culture is found in ''Lungga Ita'' in ''Barangay Pila-pila'' and in Aeta words like ''Wawa'' and ''Ithan''.<ref>{{Citation|title=History {{!}} Municipality of Binangonan |url=https://binangonan.gov.ph/history/#:~:text=The_town_was_established_in,the_heart_of_the_town |language=en}}</ref> The ''[[poblacion]]'' of the town was started in 1621, and a parish named after the patronage of the mythical Saint Ursula<ref>{{cite web|title= Sta. Ursula |website= SantuarioDelStoCristo |url= https://santuariosantocristo.com/2023/2145/sta-ursula/}}</ref> began in 1737. In 1835, the settlement seceded from the province of [[Laguna]] and was annexed to ''Distrito de los Mateo''<ref>{{cite PH act|chamber=Act|url=https://lawyerly.ph/laws/view/l8ae8|number=984|date=November 6, 1903|accessdate=June 21, 2022|title=An Act Amending Acy Numbered Nine Hundred and Forty-Two, Entitled "An Act Reducing the Thirty-Two Municipalities of the Province of Rizal to Fifteen," by Reducing the Thirty-Two Municipalities of the Said Province to Sixteen}}</ref>, renamed to '''Distrito Politico Militar de Morong'''.<ref>{{Citation |title=History of Binangonan, Rizal {{!}} festivalscape.com |url=https://www.festivalscape.com/philippines/rizal/araw-ng-binganonan|language=en}}</ref> ===Rise of Binangonan=== At the height of the [[Philippine Revolution]] against the Spanish government, the townspeople of Binangonan rose in revolt in defiance of the Spanish authorities, as they joined the revolutionary group called ''Katipunan''.<ref>{{Citation|title=Binangonan socio-economic profile (Binangonan Revisited) {{!}} Binangonan.gov.ph |url=https://binangonan.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/binangonan-socio-economic-profile.pdf |language=en}}</ref> The town's uprising was disparaged by the colonial authorities as ''"Binangonan de los Perros''" (trans.: ''"of the dogs"'') but the ridicule did not prosper.<ref>{{Citation|title=The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898 - Volume 40 of 55, 1690-1691 by Emma Helen Blair et al. {{!}} Project Gutenberg |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/30253|language=en}}</ref> The [[etymology]] of Binangonan ([[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]:''bangon'', meaning "'''to rise'''") is traced to this origin, where events or people had arisen ===Municipality=== Liberation from foreign rule was shortlived however, when Americans arrived and subjugated the native population by a General Order No. 40 of March 29, 1900. On June 11, 1901, Binangonan was merged into the newly established [[Rizal|province of Rizal]], and for a brief time was brought back to the territory of Morong along with the other nearby towns of [[Baras]] and [[Cardona]] by a government Act issued on October 12, 1903,<ref>{{cite PH act|chamber=Act|url=https://lawyerly.ph/laws/view/l89ad|number=942|date=October 12, 1903|accessdate=June 18, 2022|title=An Act Reducing the Thirty-Two Municipalities of the Province of Rizal to Fifteen}}</ref> but it was spun off once again on November 6, 1903 when the '''Municipality of Binangonan''' finally acquired its own charter presided by ''[[Don Jose M. Ynares Sr. Memorial National High School|Don Jose Ynares y Granados]]''. [[File:Binangonan Rizal.JPG|275px|thumb|Aerial view of Binangonan, [[Cardona, Rizal|Cardona]], [[Morong, Rizal|Morong]], [[Baras, Rizal|Baras]], and [[Tanay, Rizal|Tanay]]]] ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Settlements in Rizal]] ij6eo5wxod4iz4g19hrvqwj171yrhz1 10368416 10368414 2025-07-02T22:54:08Z Buszmail 576750 /* Municipality */ 10368416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Binangonan | image_skyline = Binangonan_Church_with_fiesta_dancing.jpg | image_caption = Binangonan Church | image_flag = Flag_of_Binangonan,_Rizal.png | flag_size = 120x80px | image_seal = Binangonan.rizal.jpeg | seal_size = 100x80px | image_map = Ph_locator_rizal_binangonan.png | map_caption = {{PH wikidata|map_caption}} | image_map1 = {{hidden begin|title=OpenStreetMap|ta1=center}}{{Infobox mapframe|frame-width=250}}{{hidden end}} | pushpin_map = Philippines | pushpin_label_position = left | pushpin_map_caption = Location within the {{PH wikidata|country}} | coordinates = {{coord|14|27|05|N|121|11|31|E|type:isle_region:PH|display=inline,title}} | settlement_type = Municipality | established_title = Founded | established_date = 1737 | established_title2 = Chartered | established_date2 = March 29, 1900 | established_title3 = ''Annexation'' to [[Morong, Rizal|Morong]] | established_date3 = October 12, 1903 | established_title4 = ''Separation'' from [[Morong, Rizal|Morong]] | established_date4 = November 6, 1903 | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | subdivision_name = [[Philippines]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of the Philippines|Region]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Calabarzon]] | subdivision_type2 = Province | subdivision_name2 = [[Rizal]] | subdivision_type3 = District | subdivision_name3 = 1st District | official_name = | etymology = <!--origin of name--> | named_for = <!--named after (if person or place)--> | native_name = | timezone = [[Philippine Standard Time|PST]] | utc_offset = +8 | postal_code_type = ZIP code | postal_code = 1940 | postal2_code_type = PSGC | postal2_code = 0405804000 | area_code_type = IDD : area code  | area_code = +63 (0)2 | blank_name_sec1 = Catholic diocese | blank_info_sec1 = Diocese of Antipolo | blank2_name_sec1 = Patron saint | blank2_info_sec1 = Saint Ursula | website = https://binangonan.gov.ph/ | short_description = | footnotes = }} [[File:Talim Island port (Binangonan, Rizal; 08-08-2021).jpg|thumb|220px|left|[[Talim Island]] port of Binangonan]] '''Binangonan''', officially the '''Municipality of Binangonan''', is a [[municipality]] in the [[Philippine Province|province]] of [[Rizal (province)|Rizal]], [[Philippines]]. A thriving fish port and fishing industry is found in Binangonan, having a long coast line facing [[Laguna de Bay]], including the western part of ''[[Talim Island]]''. ==History== The settlement of present-day Binangonan was founded by Spanish missionaries between the years 1571–1602 as a part of a larger territory called ''Morong'',<ref>{{cite web |title= Municipality of Morong, Rizal; History|website= MorongRizal.gov.ph |url=https://morongrizal.gov.ph/about-us/history//}}</ref> but it was separated in 1621 to create an independent parish — and given the mythical ''Saint Ursula''<ref>{{cite web|title=Saint Ursula Christian martyr |website=Britannica.com|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Ursula/}}</ref> as the parish's patron. ===Ecclesiastical roots=== Binangonan was a settlement predating the Spanish colonial period, called ''Morong'', that stretched from the [[Sierra Madre (Philippines)|Sierra Madre]] mountain range to the lake of [[Laguna de Bay]]. In the early Spanish conquest of [[Luzon]], the [[Augustinians|Augustinian]] missionaries reached the settlement in 1574, followed by [[Franciscan]] missionaries in 1621 towards converting the [[Aeta people|''Aeta'']] natives. Indigenous Aetas are evidenced to have inhabited Binangonan until 1928, and their culture is found in ''Lungga Ita'' in ''Barangay Pila-pila'' and in Aeta words like ''Wawa'' and ''Ithan''.<ref>{{Citation|title=History {{!}} Municipality of Binangonan |url=https://binangonan.gov.ph/history/#:~:text=The_town_was_established_in,the_heart_of_the_town |language=en}}</ref> The ''[[poblacion]]'' of the town was started in 1621, and a parish named after the patronage of the mythical Saint Ursula<ref>{{cite web|title= Sta. Ursula |website= SantuarioDelStoCristo |url= https://santuariosantocristo.com/2023/2145/sta-ursula/}}</ref> began in 1737. In 1835, the settlement seceded from the province of [[Laguna]] and was annexed to ''Distrito de los Mateo''<ref>{{cite PH act|chamber=Act|url=https://lawyerly.ph/laws/view/l8ae8|number=984|date=November 6, 1903|accessdate=June 21, 2022|title=An Act Amending Acy Numbered Nine Hundred and Forty-Two, Entitled "An Act Reducing the Thirty-Two Municipalities of the Province of Rizal to Fifteen," by Reducing the Thirty-Two Municipalities of the Said Province to Sixteen}}</ref>, renamed to '''Distrito Politico Militar de Morong'''.<ref>{{Citation |title=History of Binangonan, Rizal {{!}} festivalscape.com |url=https://www.festivalscape.com/philippines/rizal/araw-ng-binganonan|language=en}}</ref> ===Rise of Binangonan=== At the height of the [[Philippine Revolution]] against the Spanish government, the townspeople of Binangonan rose in revolt in defiance of the Spanish authorities, as they joined the revolutionary group called ''Katipunan''.<ref>{{Citation|title=Binangonan socio-economic profile (Binangonan Revisited) {{!}} Binangonan.gov.ph |url=https://binangonan.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/binangonan-socio-economic-profile.pdf |language=en}}</ref> The town's uprising was disparaged by the colonial authorities as ''"Binangonan de los Perros''" (trans.: ''"of the dogs"'') but the ridicule did not prosper.<ref>{{Citation|title=The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898 - Volume 40 of 55, 1690-1691 by Emma Helen Blair et al. {{!}} Project Gutenberg |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/30253|language=en}}</ref> The [[etymology]] of Binangonan ([[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]:''bangon'', meaning "'''to rise'''") is traced to this origin, where events or people had arisen ===Municipality=== Liberation from foreign rule was shortlived however, when Americans arrived and subjugated the native population by a General Order No. 40 of March 29, 1900. On June 11, 1901, Binangonan was merged into the newly established [[Rizal|province of Rizal]], and for a brief time was brought back to the territory of Morong along with the other nearby towns of [[Baras, Rizal|Baras]] and [[Cardona]] by a government Act issued on October 12, 1903,<ref>{{cite PH act|chamber=Act|url=https://lawyerly.ph/laws/view/l89ad|number=942|date=October 12, 1903|accessdate=June 18, 2022|title=An Act Reducing the Thirty-Two Municipalities of the Province of Rizal to Fifteen}}</ref> but it was spun off once again on November 6, 1903 when the '''Municipality of Binangonan''' finally acquired its own charter presided by ''[[Don Jose M. Ynares Sr. Memorial National High School|Don Jose Ynares y Granados]]''. [[File:Binangonan Rizal.JPG|275px|thumb|Aerial view of Binangonan, [[Cardona, Rizal|Cardona]], [[Morong, Rizal|Morong]], [[Baras, Rizal|Baras]], and [[Tanay, Rizal|Tanay]]]] ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Settlements in Rizal]] dohdrvc3ex25h6dfountd1km8jhdzyn 0 1171891 10368045 10103432 2025-07-02T18:18:55Z Davey2010 314522 expand/ce 10368045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}} {{Use British English|date=November 2017}} {{Infobox UK Bus |background = |name = Dennis Lancet |image = Dennis_Lancet_A506_FSS.jpg |imagesize = |caption = [[Walter Alexander Coachbuilders|Alexander]] bodied Dennis Lancet |interiorimage = |interiorcaption = |manufacturer = [[Dennis Specialist Vehicles|Dennis]] |production = 1981-91 |factory = [[Guildford]] |operator = |length = |width = |height = |weight = |floortype = Step entrance |doors = |engine = [[Perkins Engines|Perkins]] T6.354 ,V8 540 (Leyland 402, 411) |capacity = |powerout = |transmission = [[Allison Transmission|Allison]] AT545 |predecessor = |successor = [[Dennis Javelin]]}} {{distinguish|Dennis Lance}}The '''Dennis Lancet''' was a [[chassis]] of a [[bus]] and a [[Coachwork|body]] of a bus. It had a [[Step entrance bus|step-entrance]]. It was made from 1981<ref>[http://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/11th-october-1980/26/lancet Lancet] ''[[Commercial Motor]]'' 11 October 1980</ref><ref>[http://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/25th-october-1980/26/lancet-child-of-dennil Lancet, child of Dennis] ''Commercial Motor'' 25 October 1980</ref> to 1991 by [[Dennis Specialist Vehicles|Dennis]]. [[Tillingbourne Bus Company]], [[Merseytravel|Merseyside PTE]], [[Northern Scottish]], [[Blackpool Transport]], Portsmouth, Merthyr Tydfil and Taff-Ely ordered Lancets. In 1982, Dennis made the Lancet with a [[wheelchair]] lift in the middle of the bus. [[First Leicester|Leicester Citybus]] and [[West Midlands Passenger Transport Executive]] ordered three of these.<ref>[http://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/9th-october-1982/12/leicester-halts-for-lame Leicester halts for lame] ''Commercial Motor'' 9 October 1982</ref> In 1984, Lancets were [[Export|exported]] to [[Bermuda]] and [[South Africa]].<ref>[http://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/29th-september-1984/21/upstage-hd Upstage HD] ''Commercial Motor'' 29 September 1984</ref><ref>[http://www.buslistsontheweb.co.uk/index.htm?http://www.buslistsontheweb.co.uk/list.asp?listname=601 Dennis Lancet] Bus Lists on the Web</ref> In 1991, the Lancet was replaced by the [[Dennis Javelin]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{Commons category-inline}} {{Dennis|state=collapsed}} [[Category:Dennis buses|Lancet]] [[Category:Step-entrance buses]] ij0ovw59j45pxebc2qefbvwgi34n52p 10 1173713 10367922 10366054 2025-07-02T16:56:30Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C 10367922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Former PBS Kids original programming | title = [[List of programs broadcast by PBS Kids#Former programming|Former PBS Kids original programming]] | state = {{{state<includeonly>|autocollapse</includeonly>}}} | bodyclass = hlist | group1 = 1960s―1990s | list1 = * ''[[Mister Rogers' Neighborhood]]'' (1968―2001) * ''[[The Electric Company]]'' (1971―1977) * ''[[Zoom (1972 TV series)|Zoom]]'' (1972―1978) * ''[[Reading Rainbow]]'' (1983―2009) * ''[[Shining Time Station]]'' (1989―1996) * ''[[Barney & Friends]]'' (1992―2010) * ''[[Bill Nye the Science Guy]]'' (1994―1999) * ''[[The Magic School Bus (TV series)|The Magic School Bus]]'' (1994―1997) * ''[[Sésamo|Plaza Sésamo]]'' (1995―2010) * ''[[Kratts' Creatures]]'' (1996) * ''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]'' (1996―2022) * ''[[Theodore Tugboat]]'' (1996―2002) * ''[[Wimzie's House]]'' (1997―2001) * ''[[The Charlie House Music Plaza]]'' (1998―1999) * ''[[Teletubbies]]'' (1998―2004) * ''[[Noddy (TV series)|Noddy]]'' (1998―2000) * ''[[Zoom (1999 TV series)|Zoom]]'' (1999―2005) * ''[[Zoboomafoo]]'' (1999―2001) * ''[[Dragon Tales]]'' (1999―2005) | group2 = 2000s―2020s | list2 = * ''[[Between the Lions]]'' (2000―2010) * ''[[Caillou]]'' (2000―2013) * ''[[Clifford the Big Red Dog (2000 TV series)|Clifford the Big Red Dog (2000)]]'' (2000―2003) * ''[[Corduroy (TV series)|Corduroy]]'' (2000―2001) * ''[[George Shrinks]]'' (2000―2003) * ''[[Marvin the Tap-Dancing Horse]]'' (2000―2002) * ''[[Seven Little Monsters]]'' (2000―2004) * ''[[Timothy Goes to School]]'' (2000―2002) * ''[[Jay Jay the Jet Plane]]'' (2001―2005) * ''[[Anne of Green Gables: The Animated Series|Anne of Green Gables]]'' (2001―2002) * ''[[Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat]]'' (2001―2002) * ''[[Angelina Ballerina (TV series)|Angelina Ballerina]]'' (2002―2006) * ''DragonFlyTV'' (2002―2008) * ''[[The Berenstain Bears (2003 TV series)|The Berenstain Bears]]'' (2003―2004) * ''[[Clifford's Puppy Days]]'' (2003―2006) * ''[[Boohbah]]'' (2004―2006) * ''[[Maya & Miguel]]'' (2004―2007) * ''[[Postcards from Buster]]'' (2004―2012) * ''[[Thomas & Friends]]'' (2004―2017) * ''[[Bob the Builder]]'' (2005―2011) * ''[[Make Way for Noddy]]'' (2005―2006) * ''[[It's a Big Big World]]'' (2006―2010) * ''[[Franny's Feet]]'' (2006―2010) * ''[[Fetch! With Ruff Ruffman|Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman]]'' (2006―2010) * ''[[Curious George (TV series)|Curious George]]'' (2006―2024) * ''[[Design Squad]]'' (2007―2012) * ''[[Mama Mirabelle's Home Movies]]'' (2007―2008) * ''[[Super Why!]]'' (2007―2016) * ''[[WordGirl]]'' (2007―2015) * ''[[WordWorld]]'' (2007―2011) * ''[[Martha Speaks]]'' (2008―2014) * ''[[Sid the Science Kid]]'' (2008―2013) * ''[[The Electric Company (2009 TV series)|The Electric Company]]'' (2009―2011) * ''[[Angelina Ballerina: The Final Steps]]'' (2009―2010) * ''[[Dinosaur Train]]'' (2009―2021) * ''[[SciGirls]]'' (2010―2023) * ''[[The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!]]'' (2010―2018) * ''[[Peg + Cat]]'' (2013―2018) * ''[[Bob the Builder (2015 TV series)|Bob the Builder]]'' (2015―2018) * ''[[Nature Cat]]'' (2015―2025) * ''[[Ready Jet Go!]]'' (2016―2023) * ''[[Splash and Bubbles]]'' (2016―2018) * ''[[Let's Go Luna!]]'' (2018―2022) * ''[[Hero Elementary]]'' (2020―2022) * ''[[Jelly, Ben & Pogo]]'' (2021) * ''[[The Not-Too-Late Show with Elmo]]'' (2023) * ''[[Mecha Builders]]'' (2024) | group3 = Syndicated | list3 = * ''[[Hodgepodge Lodge]]'' (1970―1984) * ''[[Inside/Out]]'' (1972―1973) * ''[[The Adventures of Coslo]]'' (1972―1977) * ''[[Elliot Moose]]'' (2000―2001) * ''[[Signing Time!]]'' (2006―2008) * ''[[Peep and the Big Wide World]]'' (2007―2011) * ''[[Pocoyo]]'' (2010―2011) | below = *{{Icon|Template}} [[Template:PBS Kids shows|Current original series template]] * All programs were distributed by PBS unless noted. }}<noinclude> {{Collapsible option}} {{U.S. network show templates}} [[Category:United States television network and channel navigational boxes]] {{Documentation}}</noinclude> re45f3jwl72542u2mi46g2mi1033x08 0 1174016 10368246 10137038 2025-07-02T20:45:26Z Ferien 1011873 ce 10368246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox automobile | name = Cadillac Sollei | image = | manufacturer = [[General Motors]] | production = | model_years = | assembly = United States | class = [[convertible|Luxury convertible]] | body_style = 2-door | related = [[Cadillac Celestiq]] | designer = [[Erin Crossley]]<ref>{{cite web | last=Stark | first=Chris | title=Sollei Concept Revives the Dream of a Big Cadillac Convertible | website=Hagerty Media | date=2024-07-22 | url=https://www.hagerty.com/media/design/sollei-concept-revives-the-dream-of-big-cadillac-convertibles/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726192318/https://www.hagerty.com/media/design/sollei-concept-revives-the-dream-of-big-cadillac-convertibles/ | archive-date=2024-07-26 | url-status=live | access-date=2024-07-26 }}</ref> | platform = | motor = | layout = | battery = [[Ultium]] lithium-ion battery<ref>{{cite web | last=Brady | first=Duncan | title=Cadillac Sollei Concept First Look: Sunny Yellow Perfection | website=Edmunds | date=2024-07-22 | url=https://www.edmunds.com/car-news/cadillac-sollei-concept-first-look.html | access-date=2024-07-26}}</ref> | predecessor = | length = | wheelbase = | width = | height = }} The '''Cadillac Sollei''' is a electric [[luxury car|luxury]] [[Concept car|concept]] [[convertible]] car. It was first shown in July 2024.<ref>{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Caleb|date=2024-07-22|title=Cadillac Sollei Concept Reaffirms the Brand's Grandiose Ambitions|url=https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a61655901/cadillac-sollei-concept-revealed/|access-date=2024-07-26|website=Car and Driver}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Brady|first=Duncan|date=2024-07-22|title=Cadillac Sollei Concept First Look: Sunny Yellow Perfection|url=https://www.edmunds.com/car-news/cadillac-sollei-concept-first-look.html|access-date=2024-07-26|website=Edmunds}}</ref> It will be made by [[Cadillac|Cadilac]]. == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Cadillac automobiles|Sollei]] [[Category:2020s automobiles]] {{Transport-stub}} dhzhkef4seoicqvlsn21shvcdgwdwrn 0 1174100 10368434 10366983 2025-07-02T23:04:44Z Buszmail 576750 10368434 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|Appears to fail [[:w:en:WP:NSCHOOL]].}} {{Infobox school | box_width = On-Reconstruction | name = Manuel L. Quezon High School | logo = | image = Manuel_L_Quezon_High_School_(Manila).jpg | image_size = 275px | caption = ''Mataas na Paaralang Manuel Luis Quezon'' | location = [[Santa Cruz, Manila|Blumentritt Street, Sta. Cruz]] | city = [[Manila]] | state = [[Metro Manila|National Capital Region]] | country = [[Philippines]] | coordinates = {{coord|14|37|23.232|N|120|59|0.024|E|display=inline,title}} | other_name = Manuel Luis Quezon High School | former_name = [[Cayetano Arellano High School]] (annex) | type = Public High School | established = * {{start date and age|1906}} as '''[[Manila High School (Intramuros)]]''' * {{start date and age|1930}} as '''[[Cayetano Arellano High School]]''' * {{start date and age|1949}} as '''Manuel L. Quezon High School''' | district = II <ref>{{Citation|title=Department of Education Manila {{!}} DepEdManila |url=https://depedmanila.blogspot.com/p/deped-manila-public-schools.html |language=en}}</ref> | grades = 7 to 12 | students = | student_union = | medium_of_language = [[English language|English]], [[Filipino language|Filipino]] | colors = Maroon and White | affiliations = Division of City Schools, Manila | website = {{URL|https://www.facebook.com/mlqhsofficial}} | picture = }} '''Manuel L. Quezon High School''', formally known as ''Manuel Luis Quezon High School'', situated along Blumentritt Road, [[Santa Cruz, Manila]], [[Philippines]], is one of the oldest [[Public_school#Philippines|public high schools]] in the [[Manila|city]]. The school is named after [[Manuel L. Quezon]], president of the [[Commonwealth of the Philippines]] from 1935 to 1944; the first Filipino to be in charge of a government of the Philippines. ==History== In 1921, the [[Manila]] city government mandated secondary schools in each of its four districts: Manila '''North''' High School, Manila '''South''' High School, Manila '''East''' High School, and Manila '''West''' High School.<ref>{{Citation|title=History {{!}} deped.gov.ph |url=https://marshs.netlify.app/history/ |language=en}}</ref> In June 1930, Manila High School, founded in 1906,<ref>{{Citation|title=National Historical Commission of the Philippines {{!}} NHCP.gov |url=https://nhcp.gov.ph/ |language=en}}</ref> was split into two — ''Manila South High School''<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.manilahighschool.com/mhsmain/modules/smartsection/item.php?itemid=1|title= Manila High School Intramuros|publisher= Manila High School Intramuros Alumni Association E-Group|date=April 26, 2006 |access-date= October 5, 2019}}</ref> which was named [[Manila High School (Intramuros)#Timeline|''Manuel Araullo High School'']] and ''Manila North High School'' which was named '''[[Cayetano Arellano High School]]'''. In the immediate [[World War II|post-World War II]] years, ''Cayetano Arellano High School'' had become the largest public school in Manila. To accommodate the growing number of students, annexed branches of the school were spun off, such as the '''Jose Abad Santos High School''' in 1948, and '''Manuel L. Quezon High School''' in 1949. ===Expansion=== * Manuel Luis Quezon High School (Manila) founded in 1949 * Manuel Luis Quezon High School (Caloocan City) founded in 1957 * Manuel L. Quezon University (MLQU) founded in 1947 <ref>{{Citation|title=About MLQU {{!}} Manuel L. Quezon University |url=https://www.mlqu.edu.ph/mlqu-history/ |language=en}}</ref> Named after Philippine Commonwealth president [[Manuel L. Quezon]], two high schools were established in [[Manila]] and its [[suburb]] of [[Pasay]] in 1949 named ''Manuel L Quezon High School''. The second installation in Pasay was afterwards renamed on August 25, l952<ref>Pasay City Resolution No. 145</ref> as '''Pasay City West High School'''.<ref>{{Citation|title=The History of Pasay City West High School {{!}} DepEdPasay.ph |url=http://pcwhs.depedpasay.ph/history/ |language=en}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Asia-stub}} [[Category:High schools in the Philippines]] [[Category:Education in the Philippines]] 8o3ole699zfzs3yfhxd5jkpz2fw7yin 10368437 10368434 2025-07-02T23:07:53Z Buszmail 576750 10368437 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|Appears to fail [[:w:en:WP:NSCHOOL]].}} {{Infobox school | box_width = On-Reconstruction | name = Manuel L. Quezon High School | logo = | image = Manuel_L_Quezon_High_School_(Manila).jpg | image_size = 275px | caption = ''Mataas na Paaralang Manuel Luis Quezon'' | location = [[Santa Cruz, Manila|Blumentritt Street, Sta. Cruz]] | city = [[Manila]] | state = [[Metro Manila|National Capital Region]] | country = [[Philippines]] | coordinates = {{coord|14|37|23.232|N|120|59|0.024|E|display=inline,title}} | other_name = Manuel Luis Quezon High School | former_name = [[Cayetano Arellano High School]] (annex) | type = Public High School | established = * {{start date and age|1906}} as '''[[Manila High School (Intramuros)]]''' * {{start date and age|1930}} as '''[[Cayetano Arellano High School]]''' * {{start date and age|1949}} as '''Manuel L. Quezon High School''' | district = II <ref>{{Citation|title=Department of Education Manila {{!}} DepEdManila |url=https://depedmanila.blogspot.com/p/deped-manila-public-schools.html |language=en}}</ref> | grades = 7 to 12 | students = | student_union = | medium_of_language = [[English language|English]], [[Filipino language|Filipino]] | colors = Maroon and White | affiliations = Division of City Schools, Manila | website = {{URL|https://www.facebook.com/mlqhsofficial}} | picture = }} '''Manuel L. Quezon High School''', formally known as ''Manuel Luis Quezon High School'', situated along Blumentritt Road, [[Santa Cruz, Manila]], [[Philippines]], is one of the oldest [[Public_school#Philippines|public high schools]] in the [[Manila|city]], to serve the [[Poverty|underprivileged]]. The school is named after [[Manuel L. Quezon]], president of the [[Commonwealth of the Philippines]] from 1935 to 1944; the first Filipino to be in charge of a government of the Philippines. ==History== In 1921, the [[Manila]] city government mandated secondary schools in each of its four districts: Manila '''North''' High School, Manila '''South''' High School, Manila '''East''' High School, and Manila '''West''' High School.<ref>{{Citation|title=History {{!}} deped.gov.ph |url=https://marshs.netlify.app/history/ |language=en}}</ref> In June 1930, Manila High School, founded in 1906,<ref>{{Citation|title=National Historical Commission of the Philippines {{!}} NHCP.gov |url=https://nhcp.gov.ph/ |language=en}}</ref> was split into two — ''Manila South High School''<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.manilahighschool.com/mhsmain/modules/smartsection/item.php?itemid=1|title= Manila High School Intramuros|publisher= Manila High School Intramuros Alumni Association E-Group|date=April 26, 2006 |access-date= October 5, 2019}}</ref> which was named [[Manila High School (Intramuros)#Timeline|''Manuel Araullo High School'']] and ''Manila North High School'' which was named '''[[Cayetano Arellano High School]]'''. In the immediate [[World War II|post-World War II]] years, ''Cayetano Arellano High School'' had become the largest public school in Manila. To accommodate the growing number of students, annexed branches of the school were spun off, such as the '''Jose Abad Santos High School''' in 1948, and '''Manuel L. Quezon High School''' in 1949. ===Expansion=== * Manuel Luis Quezon High School (Manila) founded in 1949 * Manuel Luis Quezon High School (Caloocan City) founded in 1957 * Manuel L. Quezon University (MLQU) founded in 1947 <ref>{{Citation|title=About MLQU {{!}} Manuel L. Quezon University |url=https://www.mlqu.edu.ph/mlqu-history/ |language=en}}</ref> Named after Philippine Commonwealth president [[Manuel L. Quezon]], two high schools were established in [[Manila]] and its [[suburb]] of [[Pasay]] in 1949 named ''Manuel L Quezon High School''. The second installation in Pasay was afterwards renamed on August 25, l952<ref>Pasay City Resolution No. 145</ref> as '''Pasay City West High School'''.<ref>{{Citation|title=The History of Pasay City West High School {{!}} DepEdPasay.ph |url=http://pcwhs.depedpasay.ph/history/ |language=en}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Asia-stub}} [[Category:High schools in the Philippines]] [[Category:Education in the Philippines]] 9hy95wbyljgdyki3cd8qscdwr82coic 0 1174131 10367720 10366504 2025-07-02T13:56:06Z 2804:662C:8064:9A01:4133:4C0:9DA1:655 10367720 wikitext text/x-wiki {{orphan|date=March 2025}} '''Hoota and Snoz''' is a short computer generated animation series created by David Gurney in Hobart, Tasmania and that aired from 2000 to 2003 {{Infobox television | genre = Comedy<br>Animation<br>Slapstick | creator = David Gurney | composer = Ralph Tyrrell | country = Australia<br>German (season 1 & 2) | num_seasons = 3 | num_episodes = 78 | runtime = 1 minutes | company = RTV Family Entertainment (season 1 & 2)<br>The Pacific Film and Television Commission (season 1 & 2)<br>Barron Entertainment (season 1)<br>Screen Tasmania (season 3)<br>Blue Rocket Productions | network = [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]] | first_aired = 2000 | last_aired = 2003 }} ==Broadcast== The shows are broadcast on some of the world's most popular TV channels in over 100 countries including ABC and Nickelodeon in [[Australia]], Disney Channel [[Europe]], Disney Channel [[Asia]], Disney Channel [[Japan]] and Nickelodeon in the [[United Kingdom|UK]] and the [[United States|USA]]. === International broadcast === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Country ! Channels |- |{{Flag|Australia}} |[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]]<br>[[Nickelodeon Australia|Nickelodeon]] |- |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |[[Nickelodeon (British and Irish TV channel)|Nickelodeon]] |- |{{Flag|United States}} |[[Nickelodeon]] |- |[[Latin America]] |- |{{Flag|Canada}} |'''English'''<br>[[Teletoon]]<br>'''French'''<br>{{W|Vrak}}<br>[[Télétoon]] |- |{{Flag|Germany}} | |- |{{Flag|France}} | |- |{{Flag|Brazil}} | |- |{{Flag|Europe}} |{{W|Disney Channel (Europe, Middle East and Africa)|Disney Channel}} |- |[[Asia]] |{{W|Disney Channel (Southeast Asia)|Disney Channel}} |- |{{Flag|Japan}} |{{W|Disney Channel (Japan)|Disney Channel}} |} ==Episodes== ===Season 1 (2000)=== #Breakfast Pops #A Bit Stuck Up #Bearing It #For Hoota the Bell Tolls #Sharing The Burden #Switching Brands #All Present #Feeling Board #Out With A Bang #Curtains For Hoota #Bit Ducky #Dozing Off #Getting Booked #Home Delivery #Flicking The Blame #Magic #Three Cups #Rats #Caught Up #Blowing Your Own Trumpet #Blowing Your Own Trumpet #Something Fishy #Channeling Aggression #Cracker Box #Sucked In #The Red Ball === Season 2 (2001–2002) === #Who Gives A Toss #Scary Noises #Caught Up In The Action #Midnight Snack #Rocket Chair #Dancing To His Own Tune #Pencil Test #A Plane Cake #Moonlight #Serenaded To Sleep #Mechanically Minded #Megaphone Malice #All In Black And White #The Black Hole #The Black Hole Trampoline #Toy Hoota Vs. Toy Snoz #Slippery Soap #Rubber Ducky #Lazy Susan #A Bit Batty #Over Extended #Wrapped Up In The Game #Bed Sheets #An Explosive Game #Unbearable #Monster Under the Bed === Season 3 (2002–2003) === #Going My Way #Scooting Along #Swinging #Say Cheese #[[Vending machine|Vending Machine]] 2 #Hot For It #Boom Boomerang #Virtual Unreality #Just A Second #In Training #Half Baked Idea #Zebra Crossing #Voodoo And Snoz #Cereal #Play Off #Over Clocked #Midnight Mosquito #Every Kids Dream #Dispensed With #Kick Start #Product Return #Magic Door #Holed Up #More Hoota And Snoz #Off To A Good Start #Foul Force ==Characters== *Hoota – One of the two long-nosed protagonists, often mischievous and unlucky. *Snoz – The other long-nosed character, usually the more fortunate and cheerful one. == Other websites == *{{IMDB title|tt34904896}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hoota and Snoz}} [[Category:2000s Australian television series]] nocapebl8ka82wucko2flh4ly6a20u4 10367752 10367720 2025-07-02T14:36:49Z 2804:662C:8064:9A01:ACD5:E23C:29E3:BA34 10367752 wikitext text/x-wiki {{orphan|date=March 2025}} '''Hoota and Snoz''' is a short computer generated animation series created by David Gurney in Hobart, Tasmania and that aired from 2000 to 2003 {{Infobox television | genre = Comedy<br>Animation<br>Slapstick | creator = David Gurney | composer = Ralph Tyrrell | country = Australia<br>German (season 1 & 2) | num_seasons = 3 | num_episodes = 78 | runtime = 1 minutes | company = RTV Family Entertainment (season 1 & 2)<br>The Pacific Film and Television Commission (season 1 & 2)<br>Barron Entertainment (season 1)<br>Screen Tasmania (season 3)<br>Blue Rocket Productions | network = [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]] | first_aired = 2000 | last_aired = 2003 }} ==Broadcast== The shows are broadcast on some of the world's most popular TV channels in over 100 countries including ABC and Nickelodeon in [[Australia]], Disney Channel [[Europe]], Disney Channel [[Asia]], Disney Channel [[Japan]] and Nickelodeon in the [[United Kingdom|UK]] and the [[United States|USA]]. === International broadcast === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Country ! Channels ! Title Local |- |{{Flag|Australia}} |[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]]<br>[[Nickelodeon Australia|Nickelodeon]] |''Hoota and Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |[[Nickelodeon (British and Irish TV channel)|Nickelodeon]] |''Hoota and Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|United States}} |[[Nickelodeon]] |''Hoota and Snoz'' |- |[[Latin America]] | |Hoota y Snoz |- |{{Flag|Canada}} |'''English'''<br>[[Teletoon]]<br>'''French'''<br>{{W|Vrak}}<br>[[Télétoon]] |''Hoota and Snoz'' <small>(English)</small><br>''Hoota et Snoz'' <small>(French)</small> |- |{{Flag|Germany}} | |''Hoota und Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|France}} | |''Hoota et Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|Brazil}} | |''Hoota e Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|Europe}} |{{W|Disney Channel (Europe, Middle East and Africa)|Disney Channel}} |''Hoota and Snoz'' |- |[[Asia]] |{{W|Disney Channel (Southeast Asia)|Disney Channel}} |''Hoota and Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|Japan}} |{{W|Disney Channel (Japan)|Disney Channel}} |フータとスノズ |} ==Episodes== ===Season 1 (2000)=== #Breakfast Pops #A Bit Stuck Up #Bearing It #For Hoota the Bell Tolls #Sharing The Burden #Switching Brands #All Present #Feeling Board #Out With A Bang #Curtains For Hoota #Bit Ducky #Dozing Off #Getting Booked #Home Delivery #Flicking The Blame #Magic #Three Cups #Rats #Caught Up #Blowing Your Own Trumpet #Blowing Your Own Trumpet #Something Fishy #Channeling Aggression #Cracker Box #Sucked In #The Red Ball === Season 2 (2001–2002) === #Who Gives A Toss #Scary Noises #Caught Up In The Action #Midnight Snack #Rocket Chair #Dancing To His Own Tune #Pencil Test #A Plane Cake #Moonlight #Serenaded To Sleep #Mechanically Minded #Megaphone Malice #All In Black And White #The Black Hole #The Black Hole Trampoline #Toy Hoota Vs. Toy Snoz #Slippery Soap #Rubber Ducky #Lazy Susan #A Bit Batty #Over Extended #Wrapped Up In The Game #Bed Sheets #An Explosive Game #Unbearable #Monster Under the Bed === Season 3 (2002–2003) === #Going My Way #Scooting Along #Swinging #Say Cheese #[[Vending machine|Vending Machine]] 2 #Hot For It #Boom Boomerang #Virtual Unreality #Just A Second #In Training #Half Baked Idea #Zebra Crossing #Voodoo And Snoz #Cereal #Play Off #Over Clocked #Midnight Mosquito #Every Kids Dream #Dispensed With #Kick Start #Product Return #Magic Door #Holed Up #More Hoota And Snoz #Off To A Good Start #Foul Force ==Characters== *Hoota – One of the two long-nosed protagonists, often mischievous and unlucky. *Snoz – The other long-nosed character, usually the more fortunate and cheerful one. == Other websites == *{{IMDB title|tt34904896}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hoota and Snoz}} [[Category:2000s Australian television series]] q2yq5h0x6q1y1z51b421jsdxdlwx0db 10367757 10367752 2025-07-02T14:56:25Z 2804:662C:8064:9A01:ACD5:E23C:29E3:BA34 10367757 wikitext text/x-wiki {{orphan|date=March 2025}} '''Hoota and Snoz''' is a short computer generated animation series created by David Gurney in Hobart, Tasmania and that aired from 2000 to 2003 {{Infobox television | genre = Comedy<br>Animation<br>Slapstick | creator = David Gurney | composer = Ralph Tyrrell | country = Australia<br>German (season 1 & 2) | num_seasons = 3 | num_episodes = 78 | runtime = 1 minutes | company = RTV Family Entertainment (season 1 & 2)<br>The Pacific Film and Television Commission (season 1 & 2)<br>Barron Entertainment (season 1)<br>Screen Tasmania (season 3)<br>Blue Rocket Productions | network = [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]] | first_aired = 2000 | last_aired = 2003 }} ==Broadcast== The shows are broadcast on some of the world's most popular TV channels in over 100 countries including ABC and Nickelodeon in [[Australia]], Disney Channel [[Europe]], Disney Channel [[Asia]], Disney Channel [[Japan]] and Nickelodeon in the [[United Kingdom|UK]] and the [[United States|USA]]. === International broadcast === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Country ! Channels ! Title Local |- |{{Flag|Australia}} |[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]]<br>[[Nickelodeon Australia|Nickelodeon]] |''Hoota and Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |[[Nickelodeon (British and Irish TV channel)|Nickelodeon]] |''Hoota and Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|United States}} |[[Nickelodeon]] |''Hoota and Snoz'' |- |[[Latin America]] | |Hoota y Snoz |- |{{Flag|Canada}} |'''English'''<br>[[Teletoon]]<br>'''French'''<br>{{W|Vrak}}<br>[[Télétoon]] |''Hoota and Snoz'' <small>(English)</small><br>''Hoota et Snoz'' <small>(French)</small> |- |{{Flag|Germany}} | |''Hoota und Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|France}} | |''Hoota et Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|Brazil}} | |''Hoota e Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|Europe}} |{{W|Disney Channel (Europe, Middle East and Africa)|Disney Channel}} |''Hoota and Snoz'' |- |[[Asia]] |{{W|Disney Channel (Southeast Asia)|Disney Channel}} |''Hoota and Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|Japan}} |{{W|Disney Channel (Japan)|Disney Channel}} |フータとスノズ |- |{{Flag|Sweden}} |[[Fox Kids]] |''Hoota and Snoz'' |} ==Episodes== ===Season 1 (2000)=== #Breakfast Pops #A Bit Stuck Up #Bearing It #For Hoota the Bell Tolls #Sharing The Burden #Switching Brands #All Present #Feeling Board #Out With A Bang #Curtains For Hoota #Bit Ducky #Dozing Off #Getting Booked #Home Delivery #Flicking The Blame #Magic #Three Cups #Rats #Caught Up #Blowing Your Own Trumpet #Blowing Your Own Trumpet #Something Fishy #Channeling Aggression #Cracker Box #Sucked In #The Red Ball === Season 2 (2001–2002) === #Who Gives A Toss #Scary Noises #Caught Up In The Action #Midnight Snack #Rocket Chair #Dancing To His Own Tune #Pencil Test #A Plane Cake #Moonlight #Serenaded To Sleep #Mechanically Minded #Megaphone Malice #All In Black And White #The Black Hole #The Black Hole Trampoline #Toy Hoota Vs. Toy Snoz #Slippery Soap #Rubber Ducky #Lazy Susan #A Bit Batty #Over Extended #Wrapped Up In The Game #Bed Sheets #An Explosive Game #Unbearable #Monster Under the Bed === Season 3 (2002–2003) === #Going My Way #Scooting Along #Swinging #Say Cheese #[[Vending machine|Vending Machine]] 2 #Hot For It #Boom Boomerang #Virtual Unreality #Just A Second #In Training #Half Baked Idea #Zebra Crossing #Voodoo And Snoz #Cereal #Play Off #Over Clocked #Midnight Mosquito #Every Kids Dream #Dispensed With #Kick Start #Product Return #Magic Door #Holed Up #More Hoota And Snoz #Off To A Good Start #Foul Force ==Characters== *Hoota – One of the two long-nosed protagonists, often mischievous and unlucky. *Snoz – The other long-nosed character, usually the more fortunate and cheerful one. == Other websites == *{{IMDB title|tt34904896}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hoota and Snoz}} [[Category:2000s Australian television series]] po70ek3xhu6ajkv1gdae2imummv2m37 10367758 10367757 2025-07-02T14:57:37Z 2804:662C:8064:9A01:ACD5:E23C:29E3:BA34 10367758 wikitext text/x-wiki {{orphan|date=March 2025}} '''Hoota and Snoz''' is a short computer generated animation series created by David Gurney in Hobart, Tasmania and that aired from 2000 to 2003 {{Infobox television | image = Hoota&SnozTitlecard.png | genre = Comedy<br>Animation<br>Slapstick | creator = David Gurney | composer = Ralph Tyrrell | country = Australia<br>German (season 1 & 2) | num_seasons = 3 | num_episodes = 78 | runtime = 1 minutes | company = RTV Family Entertainment (season 1 & 2)<br>The Pacific Film and Television Commission (season 1 & 2)<br>Barron Entertainment (season 1)<br>Screen Tasmania (season 3)<br>Blue Rocket Productions | network = [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]] | first_aired = 2000 | last_aired = 2003 }} ==Broadcast== The shows are broadcast on some of the world's most popular TV channels in over 100 countries including ABC and Nickelodeon in [[Australia]], Disney Channel [[Europe]], Disney Channel [[Asia]], Disney Channel [[Japan]] and Nickelodeon in the [[United Kingdom|UK]] and the [[United States|USA]]. === International broadcast === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Country ! Channels ! Title Local |- |{{Flag|Australia}} |[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]]<br>[[Nickelodeon Australia|Nickelodeon]] |''Hoota and Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |[[Nickelodeon (British and Irish TV channel)|Nickelodeon]] |''Hoota and Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|United States}} |[[Nickelodeon]] |''Hoota and Snoz'' |- |[[Latin America]] | |Hoota y Snoz |- |{{Flag|Canada}} |'''English'''<br>[[Teletoon]]<br>'''French'''<br>{{W|Vrak}}<br>[[Télétoon]] |''Hoota and Snoz'' <small>(English)</small><br>''Hoota et Snoz'' <small>(French)</small> |- |{{Flag|Germany}} | |''Hoota und Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|France}} | |''Hoota et Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|Brazil}} | |''Hoota e Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|Europe}} |{{W|Disney Channel (Europe, Middle East and Africa)|Disney Channel}} |''Hoota and Snoz'' |- |[[Asia]] |{{W|Disney Channel (Southeast Asia)|Disney Channel}} |''Hoota and Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|Japan}} |{{W|Disney Channel (Japan)|Disney Channel}} |フータとスノズ |- |{{Flag|Sweden}} |[[Fox Kids]] |''Hoota and Snoz'' |} ==Episodes== ===Season 1 (2000)=== #Breakfast Pops #A Bit Stuck Up #Bearing It #For Hoota the Bell Tolls #Sharing The Burden #Switching Brands #All Present #Feeling Board #Out With A Bang #Curtains For Hoota #Bit Ducky #Dozing Off #Getting Booked #Home Delivery #Flicking The Blame #Magic #Three Cups #Rats #Caught Up #Blowing Your Own Trumpet #Blowing Your Own Trumpet #Something Fishy #Channeling Aggression #Cracker Box #Sucked In #The Red Ball === Season 2 (2001–2002) === #Who Gives A Toss #Scary Noises #Caught Up In The Action #Midnight Snack #Rocket Chair #Dancing To His Own Tune #Pencil Test #A Plane Cake #Moonlight #Serenaded To Sleep #Mechanically Minded #Megaphone Malice #All In Black And White #The Black Hole #The Black Hole Trampoline #Toy Hoota Vs. Toy Snoz #Slippery Soap #Rubber Ducky #Lazy Susan #A Bit Batty #Over Extended #Wrapped Up In The Game #Bed Sheets #An Explosive Game #Unbearable #Monster Under the Bed === Season 3 (2002–2003) === #Going My Way #Scooting Along #Swinging #Say Cheese #[[Vending machine|Vending Machine]] 2 #Hot For It #Boom Boomerang #Virtual Unreality #Just A Second #In Training #Half Baked Idea #Zebra Crossing #Voodoo And Snoz #Cereal #Play Off #Over Clocked #Midnight Mosquito #Every Kids Dream #Dispensed With #Kick Start #Product Return #Magic Door #Holed Up #More Hoota And Snoz #Off To A Good Start #Foul Force ==Characters== *Hoota – One of the two long-nosed protagonists, often mischievous and unlucky. *Snoz – The other long-nosed character, usually the more fortunate and cheerful one. == Other websites == *{{IMDB title|tt34904896}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hoota and Snoz}} [[Category:2000s Australian television series]] at7vz7e605jnskt8ga1f66w4ne9zmig 10368102 10367758 2025-07-02T19:02:47Z 2804:662C:8064:9A01:94EC:FC08:2AD5:C172 10368102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{orphan|date=March 2025}} '''Hoota and Snoz''' is a short computer generated animation series created by David Gurney in Hobart, Tasmania and that aired from 2000 to 2003 {{Infobox television | image = Hoota&SnozTitlecard.png | genre = Comedy<br>Animation<br>Slapstick | creator = David Gurney | composer = Ralph Tyrrell | country = Australia<br>German (season 1 & 2) | num_seasons = 3 | num_episodes = 78 | runtime = 1 minutes | company = RTV Family Entertainment (season 1 & 2)<br>The Pacific Film and Television Commission (season 1 & 2)<br>Barron Entertainment (season 1)<br>Screen Tasmania (season 3)<br>Blue Rocket Productions | network = [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]] | first_aired = 2000 | last_aired = 2003 }} ==Broadcast== The shows are broadcast on some of the world's most popular TV channels in over 100 countries including ABC and Nickelodeon in [[Australia]], Disney Channel [[Europe]], Disney Channel [[Asia]], Disney Channel [[Japan]] and Nickelodeon in the [[United Kingdom|UK]] and the [[United States|USA]]. === International broadcast === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Country ! Channels ! Title Local |- |{{Flag|Australia}} |[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]]<br>[[Nickelodeon Australia|Nickelodeon]] |''Hoota and Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |[[Nickelodeon (British and Irish TV channel)|Nickelodeon]] |''Hoota and Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|United States}} |[[Nickelodeon]] |''Hoota and Snoz'' |- |[[Latin America]] | |Hoota y Snoz |- |{{Flag|Canada}} |'''English'''<br>[[Teletoon]]<br>[[YTV (Canadian TV channel)|YTV]]<br>'''French'''<br>{{W|Vrak}}<br>[[Télétoon]] |''Hoota and Snoz'' <small>(English)</small><br>''Hoota et Snoz'' <small>(French)</small> |- |{{Flag|Germany}} | |''Hoota und Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|France}} | |''Hoota et Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|Brazil}} | |''Hoota e Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|Europe}} |{{W|Disney Channel (Europe, Middle East and Africa)|Disney Channel}} |''Hoota and Snoz'' |- |[[Asia]] |{{W|Disney Channel (Southeast Asia)|Disney Channel}} |''Hoota and Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|Japan}} |{{W|Disney Channel (Japan)|Disney Channel}} |フータとスノズ |- |{{Flag|Sweden}} |[[Fox Kids]] |''Hoota and Snoz'' |} ==Episodes== ===Season 1 (2000)=== #Breakfast Pops #A Bit Stuck Up #Bearing It #For Hoota the Bell Tolls #Sharing The Burden #Switching Brands #All Present #Feeling Board #Out With A Bang #Curtains For Hoota #Bit Ducky #Dozing Off #Getting Booked #Home Delivery #Flicking The Blame #Magic #Three Cups #Rats #Caught Up #Blowing Your Own Trumpet #Blowing Your Own Trumpet #Something Fishy #Channeling Aggression #Cracker Box #Sucked In #The Red Ball === Season 2 (2001–2002) === #Who Gives A Toss #Scary Noises #Caught Up In The Action #Midnight Snack #Rocket Chair #Dancing To His Own Tune #Pencil Test #A Plane Cake #Moonlight #Serenaded To Sleep #Mechanically Minded #Megaphone Malice #All In Black And White #The Black Hole #The Black Hole Trampoline #Toy Hoota Vs. Toy Snoz #Slippery Soap #Rubber Ducky #Lazy Susan #A Bit Batty #Over Extended #Wrapped Up In The Game #Bed Sheets #An Explosive Game #Unbearable #Monster Under the Bed === Season 3 (2002–2003) === #Going My Way #Scooting Along #Swinging #Say Cheese #[[Vending machine|Vending Machine]] 2 #Hot For It #Boom Boomerang #Virtual Unreality #Just A Second #In Training #Half Baked Idea #Zebra Crossing #Voodoo And Snoz #Cereal #Play Off #Over Clocked #Midnight Mosquito #Every Kids Dream #Dispensed With #Kick Start #Product Return #Magic Door #Holed Up #More Hoota And Snoz #Off To A Good Start #Foul Force ==Characters== *Hoota – One of the two long-nosed protagonists, often mischievous and unlucky. *Snoz – The other long-nosed character, usually the more fortunate and cheerful one. == Other websites == *{{IMDB title|tt34904896}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hoota and Snoz}} [[Category:2000s Australian television series]] lcw1zjbe76i3b7hcni64df00ij0nx9c 10368117 10368102 2025-07-02T19:20:30Z 2804:662C:8064:9A01:78B6:BD3F:590E:E1AB 10368117 wikitext text/x-wiki {{orphan|date=March 2025}} '''Hoota and Snoz''' is a short computer generated animation series created by David Gurney in Hobart, Tasmania and that aired from 2000 to 2003 {{Infobox television | image = Hoota&SnozTitlecard.png | genre = Comedy<br>Animation<br>Slapstick | creator = David Gurney | composer = Ralph Tyrrell | country = Australia<br>German (season 1 & 2) | num_seasons = 3 | num_episodes = 78 | runtime = 1 minutes | company = [[Ravensburger|RTV Family Entertainment]] (season 1 & 2)<br>The Pacific Film and Television Commission (season 1 & 2)<br>Barron Entertainment (season 1)<br>Screen Tasmania (season 3)<br>Blue Rocket Productions | network = [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]] | first_aired = 2000 | last_aired = 2003 }} ==Broadcast== The shows are broadcast on some of the world's most popular TV channels in over 100 countries including ABC and Nickelodeon in [[Australia]], Disney Channel [[Europe]], Disney Channel [[Asia]], Disney Channel [[Japan]] and Nickelodeon in the [[United Kingdom|UK]] and the [[United States|USA]]. === International broadcast === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Country ! Channels ! Title Local |- |{{Flag|Australia}} |[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]]<br>[[Nickelodeon Australia|Nickelodeon]] |''Hoota and Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |[[Nickelodeon (British and Irish TV channel)|Nickelodeon]] |''Hoota and Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|United States}} |[[Nickelodeon]] |''Hoota and Snoz'' |- |[[Latin America]] | |Hoota y Snoz |- |{{Flag|Canada}} |'''English'''<br>[[Teletoon]]<br>[[YTV (Canadian TV channel)|YTV]]<br>'''French'''<br>{{W|Vrak}}<br>[[Télétoon]] |''Hoota and Snoz'' <small>(English)</small><br>''Hoota et Snoz'' <small>(French)</small> |- |{{Flag|Germany}} | |''Hoota und Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|France}} | |''Hoota et Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|Brazil}} | |''Hoota e Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|Europe}} |{{W|Disney Channel (Europe, Middle East and Africa)|Disney Channel}} |''Hoota and Snoz'' |- |[[Asia]] |{{W|Disney Channel (Southeast Asia)|Disney Channel}} |''Hoota and Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|Japan}} |{{W|Disney Channel (Japan)|Disney Channel}} |フータとスノズ |- |{{Flag|Sweden}} |[[Fox Kids]] |''Hoota and Snoz'' |} ==Episodes== ===Season 1 (2000)=== #Breakfast Pops #A Bit Stuck Up #Bearing It #For Hoota the Bell Tolls #Sharing The Burden #Switching Brands #All Present #Feeling Board #Out With A Bang #Curtains For Hoota #Bit Ducky #Dozing Off #Getting Booked #Home Delivery #Flicking The Blame #Magic #Three Cups #Rats #Caught Up #Blowing Your Own Trumpet #Blowing Your Own Trumpet #Something Fishy #Channeling Aggression #Cracker Box #Sucked In #The Red Ball === Season 2 (2001–2002) === #Who Gives A Toss #Scary Noises #Caught Up In The Action #Midnight Snack #Rocket Chair #Dancing To His Own Tune #Pencil Test #A Plane Cake #Moonlight #Serenaded To Sleep #Mechanically Minded #Megaphone Malice #All In Black And White #The Black Hole #The Black Hole Trampoline #Toy Hoota Vs. Toy Snoz #Slippery Soap #Rubber Ducky #Lazy Susan #A Bit Batty #Over Extended #Wrapped Up In The Game #Bed Sheets #An Explosive Game #Unbearable #Monster Under the Bed === Season 3 (2002–2003) === #Going My Way #Scooting Along #Swinging #Say Cheese #[[Vending machine|Vending Machine]] 2 #Hot For It #Boom Boomerang #Virtual Unreality #Just A Second #In Training #Half Baked Idea #Zebra Crossing #Voodoo And Snoz #Cereal #Play Off #Over Clocked #Midnight Mosquito #Every Kids Dream #Dispensed With #Kick Start #Product Return #Magic Door #Holed Up #More Hoota And Snoz #Off To A Good Start #Foul Force ==Characters== *Hoota – One of the two long-nosed protagonists, often mischievous and unlucky. *Snoz – The other long-nosed character, usually the more fortunate and cheerful one. == Other websites == *{{IMDB title|tt34904896}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hoota and Snoz}} [[Category:2000s Australian television series]] ebjlo20lizs81jkvdgkcdrhz10126jn 10368119 10368117 2025-07-02T19:21:11Z 2804:662C:8064:9A01:78B6:BD3F:590E:E1AB 10368119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{orphan|date=March 2025}} '''Hoota and Snoz''' is a short computer generated animation series created by David Gurney in Hobart, Tasmania and that aired from 2000 to 2003 {{Infobox television | image = Hoota&SnozTitlecard.png | genre = Comedy<br>Animation<br>Slapstick | creator = David Gurney | composer = Ralph Tyrrell | country = Australia<br>German (season 1-2) | num_seasons = 3 | num_episodes = 78 | runtime = 1 minutes | company = [[Ravensburger|RTV Family Entertainment]] (season 1-2)<br>The Pacific Film and Television Commission (season 1-2)<br>Barron Entertainment (season 1)<br>Screen Tasmania (season 3)<br>Blue Rocket Productions | network = [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]] | first_aired = 2000 | last_aired = 2003 }} ==Broadcast== The shows are broadcast on some of the world's most popular TV channels in over 100 countries including ABC and Nickelodeon in [[Australia]], Disney Channel [[Europe]], Disney Channel [[Asia]], Disney Channel [[Japan]] and Nickelodeon in the [[United Kingdom|UK]] and the [[United States|USA]]. === International broadcast === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Country ! Channels ! Title Local |- |{{Flag|Australia}} |[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]]<br>[[Nickelodeon Australia|Nickelodeon]] |''Hoota and Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |[[Nickelodeon (British and Irish TV channel)|Nickelodeon]] |''Hoota and Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|United States}} |[[Nickelodeon]] |''Hoota and Snoz'' |- |[[Latin America]] | |Hoota y Snoz |- |{{Flag|Canada}} |'''English'''<br>[[Teletoon]]<br>[[YTV (Canadian TV channel)|YTV]]<br>'''French'''<br>{{W|Vrak}}<br>[[Télétoon]] |''Hoota and Snoz'' <small>(English)</small><br>''Hoota et Snoz'' <small>(French)</small> |- |{{Flag|Germany}} | |''Hoota und Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|France}} | |''Hoota et Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|Brazil}} | |''Hoota e Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|Europe}} |{{W|Disney Channel (Europe, Middle East and Africa)|Disney Channel}} |''Hoota and Snoz'' |- |[[Asia]] |{{W|Disney Channel (Southeast Asia)|Disney Channel}} |''Hoota and Snoz'' |- |{{Flag|Japan}} |{{W|Disney Channel (Japan)|Disney Channel}} |フータとスノズ |- |{{Flag|Sweden}} |[[Fox Kids]] |''Hoota and Snoz'' |} ==Episodes== ===Season 1 (2000)=== #Breakfast Pops #A Bit Stuck Up #Bearing It #For Hoota the Bell Tolls #Sharing The Burden #Switching Brands #All Present #Feeling Board #Out With A Bang #Curtains For Hoota #Bit Ducky #Dozing Off #Getting Booked #Home Delivery #Flicking The Blame #Magic #Three Cups #Rats #Caught Up #Blowing Your Own Trumpet #Blowing Your Own Trumpet #Something Fishy #Channeling Aggression #Cracker Box #Sucked In #The Red Ball === Season 2 (2001–2002) === #Who Gives A Toss #Scary Noises #Caught Up In The Action #Midnight Snack #Rocket Chair #Dancing To His Own Tune #Pencil Test #A Plane Cake #Moonlight #Serenaded To Sleep #Mechanically Minded #Megaphone Malice #All In Black And White #The Black Hole #The Black Hole Trampoline #Toy Hoota Vs. Toy Snoz #Slippery Soap #Rubber Ducky #Lazy Susan #A Bit Batty #Over Extended #Wrapped Up In The Game #Bed Sheets #An Explosive Game #Unbearable #Monster Under the Bed === Season 3 (2002–2003) === #Going My Way #Scooting Along #Swinging #Say Cheese #[[Vending machine|Vending Machine]] 2 #Hot For It #Boom Boomerang #Virtual Unreality #Just A Second #In Training #Half Baked Idea #Zebra Crossing #Voodoo And Snoz #Cereal #Play Off #Over Clocked #Midnight Mosquito #Every Kids Dream #Dispensed With #Kick Start #Product Return #Magic Door #Holed Up #More Hoota And Snoz #Off To A Good Start #Foul Force ==Characters== *Hoota – One of the two long-nosed protagonists, often mischievous and unlucky. *Snoz – The other long-nosed character, usually the more fortunate and cheerful one. == Other websites == *{{IMDB title|tt34904896}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hoota and Snoz}} [[Category:2000s Australian television series]] q4dhc43kyfnzh6crfdwrofz3hxgezkp 0 1174216 10368900 10323985 2025-07-03T03:56:13Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368900 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Евтушенко выступаетNew.jpg|thumb|Poet Evtushenko speaking before huge audience in Moscow]] The '''Sixtiers''' ({{lang-ru|Шестидесятники|Shestydesiatnyky}}, "people of the 1960s") were representatives of а new generation of the Soviet [[Intelligentsia]], who entered the cultural and political life of the [[USSR]] during the 1950s and 1960s, after the [[Khrushchev Thaw]]. Most of them were born between 1917 and 1935, and their views were formed by years of Stalin's [[Great Purge]] repressions, which affected many of the Sixtiers' immediate families, and [[World War II]], in which many of them had to fight. The Sixtiers were mainly distinguished by their liberal and anti-totalitarian views, and romanticism, which found vivid expressions in music and visual arts. Although many within the Sixtiers believed in [[Communist]] ideals, they were greatly disappointed with Stalin's rough regime and its repression of basic civil liberties.<ref>Applebaum, Anne (2003). Gulag: A History. Doubleday. p. 446. ISBN 978-0-7679-0056-0. pp. 147–149</ref> The Soviet "Sixties" were partly close to a number of foreign representatives of the "generation of the 1960s", the era of beatniks and hippies: the Beatles, rock and roll, psychedelics, sexual revolution, the "new left", the "civil rights movement" and the student unrest of 1968 (see Counterculture of the 1960s). The cult figures of the Soviet Sixties generation were revolutionaries in politics and art - [[Vladimir Mayakovsky]], [[Vsevolod Meyerhold]], [[Bertolt Brecht]], as well as writers [[Ernest Hemingway]] and Erich Maria Remarque.<ref>Zubok V. M. Zhivago's Children: The Last Russian Intelligentsia. — Harvard University Press, 2009. — 453 p. — ISBN 978-0-674-03344-3. pp. 210–215</ref> ==Origins== Most of the "Sixties" came from the intelligentsia or party environment that formed in the 1920s. Their parents, as a rule, were convinced Bolsheviks, often participants in the Civil War. So many of the Sixties were somewhat idealistic communists, believing that they took over the baton from the older generation, who believed in pre-Stalinist socialism, which affirmed equality, freedom, and justice". Other Sixties suffered greatly from the Stalinist "purges", losing their parents who were imprisoned or shot. So they couldn’t help being hidden opposition to the regime, not believing in its virtues anymore - neither in the pre-Stalin, nor in post-Stalin fashion.<ref>Yekelchyk, Serhy (20 November 2018). "The early 1960s as a cultural space: a microhistory of Ukraine's generation of cultural rebels". pp. 82–84</ref> The WW2 and its aftermath became the starting point for the birth of the "Sixties". Contrary to the intelligentsia's mass expectations that the WW2 would bring at least some sort of democratization and humanization of the system, Stalin's regime became even harsher and more uncompromising. The fight against "formalism", cybernetics, genetics, "killer doctors", cosmopolitanism ensued, and anti-Western propaganda intensified. So the "Sixties" emerged only after Stalin’s death, when the gates of Gulag started to open, and the terror subsided. Therefore defining events in the life of the generation were Stalin's death and N. S. Khrushchev's report at the 20th Congress of the CPSU (1956), which criticized Stalin's activities. For most of the "Sixties" the 20th Congress was a catharsis that resolved a long-term ideological crisis, reconciling them with the life of the country. The democratization of public life that followed the 20th Congress, known as the "Thaw" era, became the context for the active work of the "Sixties".<ref>Bridges, David (1997). Education, Autonomy, and Democratic Citizenship: Philosophy in a Changing World. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-415-15334-8. pp. 14–19</ref> In a way, the "Sixties" of 1960s were the Soviet remake of the Russian Empire "Sixties" of the 1860s, just one hundred years earlier - the democratic intelligentsia of the 1860s, who actively fought against the autocratic system, peasant slavery, inertia, and spiritual decline. A century later, the new generation of Russian people became just as opposed to the totalitarian political system and strict censorship.<ref>Merridale, Catherine (2002). Night of Stone: Death and Memory in Twentieth-Century Russia. London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-200063-2. pp. 231–236</ref> ==Literature== The "Sixties generation" expressed themselves most noticeably in literature. The magazine "Yunost" (Youth), headed by [[Valentin Kataev]], played a major role in the early years of the "Sixties generation". It achieved huge circulations and was very popular among young people. The magazine relied on young and unknown writers and poets. It discovered such authors as [[Anatoly Gladilin]], [[Vasily Aksyonov]]. The main event was the publication in 1962 of Alexander Solzhenitsyn's novella "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich" - the first work about Stalin's camps, the publication of which became almost as pivotal and cathartic an event as the 20th Congress of the CPSU itself.<ref>* Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr I. (1973). The Gulag Archipelago, 1918–1956: In Three Volumes. New York: Harper and Row. pp. 49–50</ref> The "Sixties” era was marked by poetical evenings at the Polytechnic Museum. There, too, mostly young poets performed: [[Yevgeny Yevtushenko]], Andrei Voznesensky, Bella Akhmadulina, Robert Rozhdestvensky, Bulat Okudzhava. ==Cinema and Theatre== According to Yevgeny Yevtushenko, the Russian “Sixties generation” grew up not on Marxism, but on Italian neorealism: “There are no small sufferings, no small people – that’s what Italian neorealism taught us anew”.<ref>Alexei Yurchak (Jul 2003). "Soviet Hegemony of Form: Everything Was Forever, Until It Was No More". Comparative Studies in Society and History. pp. 99–101</ref> Most of the actors of the "golden era" of Soviet cinema were "Sixties" both in age and in their way of thinking - [[Yevgeny Leonov]], [[Innokenty Smoktunovsky]], [[Oleg Tabakov]], Yevgeny Yevstigneyev, [[Yuri Nikulin]], [[Vasily Livanov]], Yevgeny Lebedev, [[Mikhail Ulyanov]], Stanislav Lyubshin, Inna Gulaya, Zhanna Bolotova, [[Marianna Vertinskaya]], Andrei Smirnov, Nikolay Gubenko, [[Irina Miroshnichenko]], [[Oleg Dal]]. It was then that such typical "Sixties" producers as [[Eldar Ryazanov]], [[Georgy Daneliya]], [[Mark Zakharov]] made their best films. The most typical example of the "Sixties" in the theater were [[Oleg Efremov]]'s Sovremennik and [[Yuri Lyubimov]]'s Taganka. ==Painting== In the late 1950s, relations between the authorities and free-thinking artists in the Soviet Union became strained. In 1962, at the Exhibition in Manezh in Moscow, Khrushchev and other Party leaders lashed harsh criticism against contemporary artists and the great Russian avant-garde titans such as [[Robert Falk]], [[Vladimir Tatlin]] and other [[Knaves of Diamons]] members, as well as against [[Wassily Kandinsky]], [[Marc Chagall]], [[Alexander Tyshler]], [[Boris Zhutovsky]] and other Cezannists and “formalist” admirers of Picasso and Western art. Since that [[Manege Affair]], free-thinking progressive artists such as [[Oscar Rabin]], [[Boris Sveshnikov]], [[Eduard Steinberg]], [[Jury Zheltov]], [[Igor Vulokh]], [[Ülo Sooster]], [[Eduard Gorokhovsky]], [[Evgeny Rukhin]], [[Boris Zhutovsky]], [[Ivan Chuikov]], [[Mikhail Roginsky]], [[Alexander Kharitonov]], [[Vasily Sitnikov]] had to work outside of the official Soviet art framework and riske getting exciled or expelled from USSR - like it happened after the ill-famed “Bulldozer Exhibition” in 1973.<ref>Геллер, Михаил. Машина и винтики. История формирования советского человека. М.: «МИК», 1994. 336 с. ISBN 5-87902-084-3. pp. 165–168</ref> ==Period of Stagnation and Mass Emigration from the USSR== Khrushchev's removal from power in 1964 resulted in sharp tightening of the regime inside the country and an escalation of the Cold War, which became a great tragedy for the "Sixties" generation. The following events became symbolically gloomy for them. Firstly, the trial of Sinyavsky and Daniel (1966) - a show trial of writers convicted not for anti-Soviet activities, but for their writigs. Secondly, the Six-Day War and the subsequent growth of the Jewish national movement in the USSR, the struggle to emigrate; thirdly, the invasion of Soviet troops into Czechoslovakia (1968) - the "Sixties" generation sympathized very much with the Prague Spring, seeing it as a logical continuation of the "Thaw". In the 1970s, many leaders of the "Sixties" were forced to emigrate (writers Vasily Aksyonov, [[Vladimir Voynovich]], Anatoly Gladilin, Anatoly Kuznetsov, [[Alexander Galich]], Georgy Vladimov, [[Andrei Sinyavsky]], Naum Korzhavin; filmmakers [[Efraim Sevela]], Mikhail Kalik, Mikhail Bogin; pop singers Emil Gorovets, Larisa Mondrus, Aida Vedischeva).<ref>Figes, Orlando (2007). The Whisperers: Private Life in Stalin's Russia. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0713997026.. pp. 199–203</ref> ==Perestroika== The origins of Gorbachev's perestroika ideas came from within the generation of the Sixties, who patiently, without losing hope, waited and prepared for the renewal of society. Perestroika itself was mainly ideological product of the “Sixties”, a product of those ideas, illusions, values that developed in an entire generation of Soviet intelligentsia under the influence of Stalin’s death.<ref>"Language Policy in the former Soviet Union". H. Schiffman. University of Pennsylvania.. pp. 302–305</ref> The Sixties generations perceived the perestroika announced by Gorbachev with great enthusiasm — as a continuation of the “thaw,” and renewal of their confrontation with Stalinism. After two decades of inaction, they suddenly found themselves in great demand again. One after another, their books about the Stalin era came out, producing the effect of an exploding bomb: “Children of the Arbat” by Anatoly Rybakov, “Black Stones” by Anatoly Zhigulin, “White Clothes” by Vladimir Dudintsev, “Bison” by Daniil Granin. ==Notable Sixtiers== ===Philosophers=== * [[Merab Mamardashvili]] * [[Yuri Levada]] ===Poets=== * [[Boris Slutsky]] * [[Andrei Voznesensky]] * [[Yevgeny Yevtushenko]] * [[Arkady Steinberg]] * [[Alexander Kushner]] * [[Victor Sosnora]] * [[Bella Akhmadulina]] * [[Joseph Brodsky]] * [[Vladimir Vysotsky]] ===Writers and dramatists=== * [[Sergey Zalygin]] * [[Alexey Arbuzov]] * [[Alexander Vampilov]], ===Painters and Sculptors=== * [[Oscar Rabin]] * [[Ernst Neizvestny]] ==References== ;References {{reflist|30em}} ;Sources * Zubok V. M. Zhivago's Children: The Last Russian Intelligentsia. — Harvard University Press, 2009. — 453 p. — ISBN 978-0-674-03344-3. * Yekelchyk, Serhy (20 November 2018). "The early 1960s as a cultural space: a microhistory of Ukraine's generation of cultural rebels" * Applebaum, Anne (2003). Gulag: A History. Doubleday. p.&nbsp;446. ISBN 978-0-7679-0056-0. * Karlinsky, Simon and Appel, Alfred (1977). The Bitter air of exile: Russian writers in the West, 1922–1972. p72 University of California Press ISBN 978-0-520-02895-1 * Stalin and the Kirov Murder. (1987) New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195055795. * The Great Terror: A Reassessment. (2008) Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195317008. * Figes, Orlando (2007). The Whisperers: Private Life in Stalin's Russia. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0713997026. * Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr I. (1973). The Gulag Archipelago, 1918–1956: In Three Volumes. New York: Harper and Row. * "Language Policy in the former Soviet Union". H. Schiffman. University of Pennsylvania. * Anderson, Barbara A.; Silver, Brian D. (2019). "Some Factors in the Linguistic and Ethnic Russification of Soviet Nationalities: Is Everyone Becoming Russian?". In Hajda, Lubomyr; Beissinger, Mark (eds.). The Nationality Factor in Soviet Politics and Society. Routledge. pp.&nbsp;95–130. ISBN 9781000303766. * Tyszka, Krzysztof (2009). ""Homo Sovieticus" Two Decades Later". Polish Sociological Review (168): 507–522. ISSN 1231-1413. * Heller (Geller), Mikhail (1988). Cogs in the Wheel: The Formation of Soviet Man. Alfred A. Knopf. pp.&nbsp;27, 43, 47. ISBN 978-0394569260. Heller quotes from a 1974 book Sovetskye lyudi ("Soviet People"): Soviet Union is the fatherland of a new, more advanced type of Homo sapiens - Homo sovieticus. * 1917–1987: Unsuccessful and Tragic Attempt to Create a "New Man" Archived 2011-07-27 at the Wayback Machine. * Геллер, Михаил. Машина и винтики. История формирования советского человека. М.: «МИК», 1994. 336 с. ISBN 5-87902-084-3. * Alexei Yurchak (Jul 2003). "Soviet Hegemony of Form: Everything Was Forever, Until It Was No More". Comparative Studies in Society and History. * Bridges, David (1997). Education, Autonomy, and Democratic Citizenship: Philosophy in a Changing World. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-415-15334-8. * A. Artizov, Yu. Sigachev, I. Shevchuk, V. Khlopov under editorship of acad. A. N. Yakovlev. Rehabilitation: As It Happened. Documents of the CPSU CC Presidium and Other Materials. Vol. 2, February 1956–Early 1980s. Moscow, 2003. * Conquest, Robert (1973) [1968]. The Great Terror: Stalin's Purge of the Thirties (Revised ed.). London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-02-527560-7. * Hoffman, David L., ed. (2003). Stalinism: The Essential Readings. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. ISBN 978-0-631-22890-5. * Lyons, Eugene (1937). Assignment in Utopia. Harcourt Brace and Company. * Merridale, Catherine (2002). Night of Stone: Death and Memory in Twentieth-Century Russia. London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-200063-2. ===Other websites=== * {{cite web|url=http://www.kp.ru/daily/25957/2898101/|title=Всех тунеядцев и диссидентов — за 101-й километр|author=Богомолов А.|publisher=[[Комсомольская правда]]|date=2012-09-28|access-date=2016-08-11}} * {{cite web|url=http://russian7.ru/post/kto-zhil-na-legendarnom-101-kilometre/|title=Кто жил на легендарном 101-м километре?|author=|publisher=Русская семёрка|date=|access-date=2018-01-23}} * {{cite web|url=https://rg.ru/2007/03/16/101.html|title=Печальный, но нужный 101-й километр |author= Огилько И.|publisher=[[Российская газета]]|date=2007-03-16|access-date=2018-01-23}} [[Category:1930s in the Soviet Union]] [[Category:1940s in the Soviet Union]] [[Category:1950s in the Soviet Union]] [[Category:1960s in the Soviet Union]] [[Category:1970s in the Soviet Union]] [[Category:Joseph Stalin]] [[Category:Dictatorship]] [[Category:Soviet Union]] [[Category:History of the Soviet Union]] [[Category:History of Russia]] [[Category:Politics of Russia]] [[Category:Cultural generations]] [[Category:Demographics of the Soviet Union]] [[Category:Society of the Soviet Union]] [[Category:Culture of the Soviet Union]] [[Category:Culture of Russia]] ex76w8ieuya4ga5j7oe2fdoj2q6mil4 0 1175957 10368026 10139255 2025-07-02T18:01:59Z Davey2010 314522 ce 10368026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}} {{Use British English|date=November 2017}} {{Infobox UK Bus |background = |name = Dennis Domino |image = Greater Manchester Transport bus 1751 (C751 YBA), 9 March 2013.jpg |imagesize = |caption = Preserved [[Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive|Greater Manchester Transport]] Dennis Domino with [[Northern Counties Motor & Engineering Company|Northern Counties]] in March 2013 |interiorimage = |interiorcaption = |manufacturer = [[Dennis Specialist Vehicles|Dennis]] |production = 1984–1985 |factory = [[Guildford]], [[England]] |operator = |length = 7.6 m & 7.8 m |width = 2.5 m |height = 3.11 m |weight = |floortype = [[High-floor|Step entrance]] |doors = 1 door |engine = |capacity = 24 to 30 seated |powerout = |transmission = |predecessor = |successor = }} The '''Dennis Domino''' was a [[chassis]] of a [[midibus]]. It had a [[High-floor|step-entrance]]. It was made from 1984 to 1985 by [[Dennis Specialist Vehicles|Dennis]] in [[Guildford]], [[England]]. The Domino chassis was built on [[Northern Counties]] [[Coachwork|bodywork]]<ref name="CommercialMotor21Dec85">[http://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/21st-december-1985/18/dominos-for-gmt-traffic Dominos for GMT traffic] ''[[Commercial Motor]]'' 21 December 1985</ref> and [[Optare]] bodywork.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Buses_in_Greater_Manchester_in_the_1990s/iVwuEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Dennis+Domino+optare&pg=PT54&printsec=frontcover|title=Buses in Greater Manchester in the 1990s|last=Wilde|first=Howard|date=2020-12-15|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-4456-9949-3|language=en}}</ref> It was only sold to two operators, [[Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive|Greater Manchester Transport]]<ref name="CommercialMotor21Dec85" /> and [[South Yorkshire Transport]].<ref>[http://www.buslistsontheweb.co.uk/index.htm?http://www.buslistsontheweb.co.uk/list.asp?listname=593&Type=Chassis Dennis Domino] Bus Lists on the Web</ref> In 1985, It was replaced by the step-entrance [[Dennis Dart]] chassis. ==Gallery== <gallery widths="190" heights="130"> File:GM Buses bus 1760 (C760 YBA).jpg|[[GM Buses]] Dennis Domino with [[Northern Counties Motor & Engineering Company|Northern Counties]] bodywork in Manchester File:Mushroom Cloud Luxury Tours bus (C42 HDT), 18 October 2013 (2).jpg|Dennis Domino with [[Optare]] bodywork at [[Alton Towers]] in October 2013 </gallery> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category-inline}} *[https://www.flickr.com/groups/dennis-domino/ Flickr gallery] {{Dennis|state=collapsed}} [[Category:Dennis buses|Domino]] [[Category:Midibuses]] [[Category:Step-entrance buses]] 1qa1c6u4rs1ppum7tmzkmpvbgxu45no 10368027 10368026 2025-07-02T18:02:35Z Davey2010 314522 +bodywork to ib capt 10368027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}} {{Use British English|date=November 2017}} {{Infobox UK Bus |background = |name = Dennis Domino |image = Greater Manchester Transport bus 1751 (C751 YBA), 9 March 2013.jpg |imagesize = |caption = Preserved [[Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive|Greater Manchester Transport]] Dennis Domino with [[Northern Counties Motor & Engineering Company|Northern Counties]] bodywork in March 2013 |interiorimage = |interiorcaption = |manufacturer = [[Dennis Specialist Vehicles|Dennis]] |production = 1984–1985 |factory = [[Guildford]], [[England]] |operator = |length = 7.6 m & 7.8 m |width = 2.5 m |height = 3.11 m |weight = |floortype = [[High-floor|Step entrance]] |doors = 1 door |engine = |capacity = 24 to 30 seated |powerout = |transmission = |predecessor = |successor = }} The '''Dennis Domino''' was a [[chassis]] of a [[midibus]]. It had a [[High-floor|step-entrance]]. It was made from 1984 to 1985 by [[Dennis Specialist Vehicles|Dennis]] in [[Guildford]], [[England]]. The Domino chassis was built on [[Northern Counties]] [[Coachwork|bodywork]]<ref name="CommercialMotor21Dec85">[http://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/21st-december-1985/18/dominos-for-gmt-traffic Dominos for GMT traffic] ''[[Commercial Motor]]'' 21 December 1985</ref> and [[Optare]] bodywork.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Buses_in_Greater_Manchester_in_the_1990s/iVwuEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Dennis+Domino+optare&pg=PT54&printsec=frontcover|title=Buses in Greater Manchester in the 1990s|last=Wilde|first=Howard|date=2020-12-15|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-4456-9949-3|language=en}}</ref> It was only sold to two operators, [[Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive|Greater Manchester Transport]]<ref name="CommercialMotor21Dec85" /> and [[South Yorkshire Transport]].<ref>[http://www.buslistsontheweb.co.uk/index.htm?http://www.buslistsontheweb.co.uk/list.asp?listname=593&Type=Chassis Dennis Domino] Bus Lists on the Web</ref> In 1985, It was replaced by the step-entrance [[Dennis Dart]] chassis. ==Gallery== <gallery widths="190" heights="130"> File:GM Buses bus 1760 (C760 YBA).jpg|[[GM Buses]] Dennis Domino with [[Northern Counties Motor & Engineering Company|Northern Counties]] bodywork in Manchester File:Mushroom Cloud Luxury Tours bus (C42 HDT), 18 October 2013 (2).jpg|Dennis Domino with [[Optare]] bodywork at [[Alton Towers]] in October 2013 </gallery> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category-inline}} *[https://www.flickr.com/groups/dennis-domino/ Flickr gallery] {{Dennis|state=collapsed}} [[Category:Dennis buses|Domino]] [[Category:Midibuses]] [[Category:Step-entrance buses]] jzk76umqw5r1rlmuccq3b7ydmrogot9 0 1176117 10368737 10361622 2025-07-03T02:25:15Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Goldmines | trading_name = Goldmines | industry = [[Entertainment]] | founded = {{start date and age|2000|01|05|df=y|p=y|br=y}} | founder = [[Manish Shah]] | key_people = {{Unbulleted list|Manish Shah ([[chairman]]) |Ulka Shah}} | products = {{Ubl|[[Film production]]|[[Film distribution]]|[[Television show|Television production]]|[[Streaming television]]|Marketing|Post-Production}} | website = {{URL|https://www.goldmines.co.in|goldmines.co.in}} }} '''Goldmines''' is an Indian movie [[Film distributor|distribution]] and [[production company]] based in [[Mumbai]], Maharashtra. Founded in 2000 by producer [[Manish Shah]], the company is best known for acquiring and dubbing South Indian movies—primarily in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] and [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]]—into [[Hindi]] for distribution across television, satellite channels, and digital platforms such as YouTube. Over the years, Goldmines has expanded its operations to include movie production, television channel management, and the distribution of [[Bollywood]] movies. == History == === Early years and television production (2000–2006) === Goldmines is a movie production and distribution company established on 5 January 2000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/company/goldmines-telefilms-private-limited/U30007MH2000PTC123494?from=mdr|title=Goldmines Telefilms Private Limited Information - Goldmines Telefilms Private Limited Company Profile, Goldmines Telefilms Private Limited News on The Economic Times|website=economictimes.indiatimes.com|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> The company began operations in 2004.<ref name="IT">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/gecs/goldmines-telefilms-manish-shah-denies-hanky-panky-deals-with-sony-india-150123|title=Goldmines Telefilms' Manish Shah denies hanky-panky deals with Sony India|date=23 January 2015|website=www.indiantelevision.com|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Manish and Ulka Shah Lead Goldmines|newspaper=Business Standard|date=23 June 2024}}</ref> Initially, the company focused on producing regional-language television soaps in [[Gujarati]] and [[Marathi]] for channels like [[Alpha Marathi]], [[ETV Gujarati]], and [[Hungama TV]].<ref name="DC">{{Cite news|title=Goldmines' Digital Dominance|newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=1 March 2024}}</ref> During this period, Goldmines also entered the movie syndication market, acquiring rights to older Hindi movies and licensing them to broadcasters, setting the stage for its later specialization in content distribution.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiantelevision.com/television/production-house/post-production/goldmines-media-finalises-sale-of-rights-to-nine-movies-050713|title=Goldmines Media finalises sale of rights to nine movies|date=13 July 2005|website=indiantelevision.com|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Goldmines' Role in Pan-India Cinema|newspaper=The Hindu|date=10 February 2023}}</ref> === Entry into movie dubbing (2007–2012) === In 2007, under the leadership of founder [[Manish Shah]], Goldmines pivoted to dubbing South Indian movies into Hindi, capitalizing on a gap in the Hindi entertainment market for mass-oriented, action-packed cinema.<ref name="livemint.com">https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/goldmines-manish-shah-the-man-who-spotted-the-southern-stars-11651518633492.html</ref> The company’s first dubbed project, the Telugu movie ''[[Mass (2004 movie)|Mass]]'' (2004), was released as ''Meri Jung: One Man Army'' in 2007 and achieved [[Target rating point|TRPs]] exceeding 1 on [[Sony Max]], proving the viability of dubbed content.<ref>{{Cite news|title=How Goldmines Started Dubbing|newspaper=Firstpost|date=15 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/exclusive-sold-first-dubbed-film-meri-jung-rs-7-lakhs-today-offered-nearly-rs-20-crores-film-rs-7-lakhs-rs-20-crores-thats-jump-300-kab/|title=EXCLUSIVE: “We sold our first dubbed film Meri Jung for Rs. 7 lakhs. Today, we are offered nearly Rs. 20 crores for a film. From Rs. 7 lakhs to Rs. 20 crores, that’s a jump of 300%! Kabhi suna hai aapne aisa?” – Manish Shah of Goldmines Telefilms 7 : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|date=20 January 2022|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> Goldmines rapidly expanded its library, acquiring rights to Tamil and Telugu blockbusters featuring stars like [[Rajinikanth]], [[Chiranjeevi]], [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]], and later [[Allu Arjun]] and [[Jr. NTR]].<ref name="IE">{{Cite news|title=Manish Shah' Goldmines' Early Days|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|date=20 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/entertainment/bollywood/news/manish-shah-goldmines-telefilms-story-south-movies-hindi-dubbing-132256019.html|title=Manish Shah Goldmines Telefilms Story &#124; South Movies Hindi Dubbing &#124; નોર્થમાં 'પુષ્પા' સફળ થવાનું કારણ: સાઉથ સિનેમાનું ડબિંગ કરીને ઘરે-ઘરે લોકોનાં દિલમાં જગ્યા બનાવી, મનીષ શાહની ગોલ્ડમાઇન્સ ફિલ્મ્સની કિંમત 6000 કરોડ રૂપિયા &#124; Divya Bhaskar|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> Movies such as ''[[Chirutha]]'' (2007), ''[[King (2008 movie)|King]]'' (2008) and ''[[Magadheera]]'' (2009) became television hits, positioning Goldmines as a leader in dubbed cinema within four years.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Goldmines’ Dubbing Revolution|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=10 March 2015}}</ref> === Digital expansion and channel launch (2013–2020) === The rise of digital platforms in the 2010s prompted Goldmines to expand beyond traditional television.<ref name="DC"/> In 2012, the company launched its YouTube channel, "Goldmines", to distribute Hindi-dubbed films directly to viewers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.speakrj.com/audit/report/UCs570zdFq_NNA5OcV8chnHw/youtube|title=Goldmines Movies YouTube Channel Statistics / Analytics - SPEAKRJ Stats|website=SPEAKRJ|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref><ref name="HRI"/> This move proved prescient as internet penetration grew across India, particularly in [[Tier 2 network|Tier 2]] and [[Tier 3 network|Tier 3]] cities where South Indian dubbed movies found a massive audience.<ref name="DC"/> By 2020, the channel had grown exponentially, boasting millions of subscribers and becoming a key revenue stream.<ref name="HRI">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/interviews/how-a-businessman-built-the-worlds-biggest-youtube-movie-channel|title=How A Businessman Built The World’s Biggest Youtube Movie Channel|website=The Hollywood Reporter India|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> In 2020, Goldmines further diversified by launching Dhinchaak TV, a free-to-air channel on the [[DD Free Dish]] platform. Aimed at [[rural]] and [[semi-urban]] Hindi-speaking viewers, Dhinchaak TV quickly became the top-rated channel in its genre, broadcasting a steady stream of dubbed South Indian movies.<ref name="DC"/> This period also saw Goldmines dabbling in movie production, with titles like ''[[Thuppakki]]'' (2012), ''[[Mirchi]]'' (2013), ''[[Sarrainodu]]'' (2016), ''[[DJ: Duvvada Jagannadham]]'' (2017) and ''[[Maharshi]]'' (2019), though distribution remained its core strength.<ref name="IE"/> On 1 April 2022, Dhinchaak TV was renamed to Goldmines. === Mainstream success and movie productions (2021–Present) === In 2021, Goldmines distributed Hindi version of ''[[Pushpa: The Rise]]'' and became a huge success.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/the-pushpa-effect-goldmine-telefilms-head-manish-shah-decodes-the-rise-and-success-of-dubbed-south-films-10356771.html|title=The Pushpa effect: Goldmine Telefilms head Manish Shah decodes the rise and success of dubbed South films|date=8 February 2022|website=Firstpost|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> In 2022, Goldmines decided to release dubbed version of ''[[Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo]]'' in theatres.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/english/sitara/cinema/after-pushpa-allu-arjuns-ala-vaikunthapurramuloo-to-release-in-cinema-halls-in-hindi/na20220117160601540|title=After 'Pushpa', Allu Arjun's 'Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo' to release in cinema halls in Hindi|first=E. T. V.|last=Bharat|date=17 January 2022|website=ETV Bharat News|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> Instead, they exclusively on their TV channel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/english/sitara/cinema/ala-vaikunthapurramuloo-makers-withdraw-release-of-hindi-version/na20220121210703410|title='Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo' makers withdraw release of Hindi version|first=E. T. V.|last=Bharat|date=21 January 2022|website=ETV Bharat News|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> In 2023, Goldmines distributed Hindi version of [[Leo (2023 Indian film)|Leo]] which saw a good response from audience In 2024, Goldmines Telefilms signed to produce ''[[Kanchana 4]]'', the fifith installment in the Tamil horror-comedy [[Muni (film series)|''Muni'' series]] directed by [[Raghava Lawrence]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/raghava-lawrence-narrates-kanchana-4-to-pooja-hegde-for-chandramukhi-role-1822562|title=Raghava Lawrence’s Kanchana 4 set to go on floors in Feb or Jan|first=lipika|last=varma|date=10 September 2024|website=www.deccanchronicle.com|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> The movie stars [[Pooja Hegde]] alongside him.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/pooja-hedge-to-play-lead-in-raghava-lawrences-kanchana-4/8fcc39267c250|title=Pooja Hegde to play lead in Raghava Lawrence’s Kanchana 4?|website=OTTPlay|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> Announced as a [[pan-Indian film]], Shooting began in January 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2025/Jan/28/kanchana-4-shoots-started|title=காஞ்சனா - 4 படப்பிடிப்பு துவக்கம்?|date=28 January 2025|website=Dinamani|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> The movie is slated for a theatrical release in 2026, with plans for an digital release after an eight-week window, aligning with national [[Multiplex (movie theater)|multiplex]] chain requirements.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ntnews.com/cinema/this-actresses-to-be-part-of-lawrence-kanchana-4-1861961|title=Kanchana 4 &#124; రాఘవా లారెన్స్‌ కాంచన-4లో ఇద్దరు భామలు ఫైనల్‌.. క్లిక్ అయితే రికార్డులే..!|first=NT News|last=telugu|date=24 January 2025|website=www.ntnews.com|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ntvtelugu.com/movie-news/a-super-hit-franchise-movie-coming-as-a-horror-comedy-747489.html|title=Lawrence : హారర్ కామెడీగా వస్తున్న సూపర్ హిట్ ఫ్రాంజైజీ సినిమా|first=ntv|last=Telugu|date=28 January 2025|website=NTV Telugu|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> == Filmography == {| class="wikitable" |+Key | style="background:#ffc;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} | Denotes movies that have not yet been released |} === Films produced === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Year ! Film ! Director ! Cast ! Language ! Notes ! Ref |- | {{TBA}} | {{Pending film|[[Kanchana 4]]}} |[[Raghava Lawrence]] | Raghava Lawrence, [[Pooja Hegde]] | [[Tamil language|Tamil]] | Filming | |} === Notable films distributed === Notable film rights acquired by Goldmines Telefilms, later dubbed and released. * ''[[Mass (2004 movie)|Mass]]'' (2004)<ref name="livemint.com"/> * ''[[Bunny (2005 movie)|Bunny]]'' (2005) * ''[[King (2008 movie)|King]]'' (2008) * ''[[Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja (movie)|Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja]]'' (2009) * ''[[Magadheera]]'' (2009) * ''[[Brindavanam (2010 movie)|Brindavanam]]'' (2010) * ''[[Darling (2010 movie)|Darling]]'' (2010) * ''[[Singam]]'' (2010) * ''[[Oosaravelli]]'' (2011) * ''[[Kanchana (2011 movie)|Kanchana]]'' (2011) * ''[[Gabbar Singh (movie)|Gabbar Singh]]'' (2012) * ''[[Thuppakki]]'' (2012) * ''[[Baadshah (2013 movie)|Baadshah]]'' (2013) * ''[[Jilla]]'' (2014) * ''[[Yevadu]]'' (2014) * ''[[Maari (movie)|Maari]]'' (2015) * ''[[Temper (movie)|Temper]]'' (2015) * ''[[Kanchana 2]]'' (2015) * ''[[Demonte Colony]]'' (2015) * ''[[Aranmanai 2]]'' (2016) * ''[[Sarrainodu]]'' (2016) * ''[[Katamarayudu]]'' (2017) * ''[[DJ: Duvvada Jagannadham]]'' (2017)<ref>https://scroll.in/reel/867024/allu-arjun-all-the-way-in-duvvada-jagannadham-the-hindi-dubbed-telugu-hit-on-youtube</ref> * ''[[Maari 2]]'' (2018) * ''[[Rangasthalam]]'' (2018) * ''[[Jersey (2019 movie)|Jersey]]'' (2019) * ''[[Gaddalakonda Ganesh]]'' (2019)<ref>https://filmifryday.com/jigarthanda-movie-facts-and-its-all-3-remakes/#Gaddalakonda_Ganesh_2019</ref> * ''[[Maharshi (2019 movie)|Maharshi]]'' (2019)<ref>https://indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/viewership/hindi-movie-channel-dhinchaak-renamed-as-goldmines-movies-220328</ref> * ''[[Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo]]'' (2020)<ref>https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/hindi-version-of-ala-vaikunthapurramuloo-to-be-out-on-youtube-on-february-2-101675167917607.html</ref> * ''[[Pushpa: The Rise]]'' (2021)<ref>https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/pushpa-rise-delivers-100-profit-manish-shah-goldmines-telefilms-makes-rs-40-crore-profit-hindi-rights/</ref> * ''[[Jai Bhim (movie)|Jai Bhim]]'' (2021) * ''[[F3: Fun and Frustration]]'' (2022) * ''[[Leo (2023 Indian film)|Leo]]'' (2023)<ref>https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/tamil-features/are-tamil-films-lagging-behind-in-the-hindi-market-leo-jigarthanda-doublex-vijay-lawrence-sj-suryah-kgf-jailer</ref> * ''[[Jigarthanda DoubleX]]'' (2023) * ''[[Captain Miller (movie)|Captain Miller]]'' (2024) == Television channels == === Goldmines === '''Goldmines''' is an Indian [[Hindi]] language television channel owned by Goldmines Telefilms.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.freedish.in/2022/04/goldmines-movie-channel-launched-on-lcn.html|title=Goldmines channel won MPEG-2 slot for 2025-26|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> The company launched its television channel, Dhinchaak TV, on the [[free-to-air]] [[DD Free Dish]] satellite service on 24 May 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/announcements-news/dhinchaak-renamed-as-goldmines-movies-119323.html|title=Dhinchaak renamed as Goldmines Movies - Exchange4media|date=28 March 2022|website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> Within months, it became the highest-rated channel in its genre among Hindi-speaking rural and urban viewers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/movie-channels/goldmines-telefilms-goes-big-with-dhinchaak-aims-to-cover-90-hsm-market-201014|title=Goldmines Telefilms goes big with Dhinchaak, aims to cover 90% HSM market|date=14 October 2020|website=www.indiantelevision.com|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://journalismguide.in/goldmines-telefilms-plans-to-launch-3-new-channels/|title=Goldmines Telefilms plans to launch 3 New Channels - Journalism Guide|date=3 August 2021|website=journalismguide.in|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> On 1 April 2022, Dhinchaak TV was renamed to Goldmines.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/viewership/hindi-movie-channel-dhinchaak-renamed-as-goldmines-movies-220328|title=Hindi movie channel Dhinchaak renamed as Goldmines Movies|date=28 March 2022|website=www.indiantelevision.com|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> Goldmines broadcasts [[Hindi]], [[Hindustani]], [[Bhojpuri]], and [[Awadhi]] dubbed versions of South Indian movies produced by the company. The company also releases Hindi dubbed versions of South Indian movies on YouTube on their Goldmines channel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/podcast/entertainment/bollywood/shuklapaksh/manish-shah-exclusive-interview-with-pankaj-shukla-goldminestelefilms-ala-vaikunthapurramuloo-allu-arjun|title='पुष्पा' हिंदी के निर्माता की बॉलीवुड को खरी खरी, गालियों ने कर दिया बॉलीवुड का बेड़ा गर्क|website=Amar Ujala|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> Goldmines YouTube channel crossed 100 million subscribers in September 2024, and is the most subscribed YouTube movie channel and is one of the [[List of most-subscribed YouTube channels|most-subscribed YouTube channel]].<ref name="HRI"/> === Goldmines Bollywood === '''Goldmines Bollywood''' is an Indian Hindi language Television channel owned by Goldmines Telefilms.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dreamdth.com/hindi-movie-channel-rebrandings-dhinchaak-is-now-goldmines-rishtey-cineplex-is-now-colors-cineplex-superhits/|title=Hindi movie channel rebrandings: Dhinchaak is now Goldmines, Rishtey Cineplex is now Colors Cineplex Superhits|date=1 April 2022|website=dreamdth.com|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> The channel which initially launched under the title Dhinchaak 2 primarily airs Bollywood movies from the 1960s to the 2000s.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Goldmines Expands TV Portfolio|newspaper=The Times of India|date=1 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/entertainment/news-from-bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-starrer-sooryavansham-may-not-be-telecast-on-set-max-anymore-manish-shah-of-goldmines-telefilms-got-the-rights/articleshow/92005156.cms|title=बहुत उड़ा लिया मजाक, अब सेट मैक्स पर नहीं देख पाएंगे 'सूर्यवंशम', जानें कब-कहां दिखेंगे हीरा ठाकुर?|website=Navbharat Times|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> === Goldmines Movies === '''Goldmines Movies''' is an Indian [[multilingual]] Television channel owned by Goldmines Telefilms.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dreamdth.com/dreamdth-explains-an-overview-of-hindi-movie-and-news-channels-in-india/2/|title=DreamDTH Explains: An overview of Hindi movie and news channels in India - Page 2 of 4|date=10 September 2022|website=dreamdth.com|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> The channel primarily broadcasts South Indian Hindi-Bhojpuri dubbed movies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhinchaak2 Movie Channel rebranded as Goldmines movies |url=https://www.freedish.in/2020/04/blue-channel-hindi-movie-channel-added.html |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=freedish |language=en}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == *{{Official website|https://www.goldmines.co.in}} * {{YouTube channel|GoldminesTelefilms}} * {{Instagram|officialgoldminestelefilms}} [[Category:Movie production companies]] [[Category:Indian movie studios]] [[Category:2000s establishments in India]] [[Category:21st-century establishments in India]] [[Category:Indian entertainment companies]] [[Category:Television networks]] pt94gew905p8411l0opdjy6pfd18f62 10369259 10368737 2025-07-03T09:09:13Z 2409:40F3:2:9814:8000:0:0:0 10369259 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Goldmines | trading_name = Goldmines | industry = [[:en:Entertainment|Entertainment]] | founded = {{start date and age|2000|01|05|df=y|p=y|br=y}} | founder = [[Manish Shah]] | key_people = {{Unbulleted list|Manish Shah ([[chairman]]) |Ulka Shah}} | products = {{Ubl|[[:en:Film production|Film production]]|[[:en:Film distribution|Film distribution]]|[[:en:Television show|Television production]]|[[:en:Streaming television|Streaming television]]|Marketing|Post-Production}} | website = {{URL|https://www.goldmines.co.in|goldmines.co.in}} }} '''Goldmines''' is an Indian movie [[:en:Film distributor|distribution]] and [[:en:production company|production company]] based in [[:en:Mumbai|Mumbai]], Maharashtra. Founded in 2000 by producer [[Manish Shah]], the company is best known for acquiring and dubbing South Indian movies—primarily in [[:en:Tamil cinema|Tamil]] and [[:en:Telugu cinema|Telugu]]—into [[:en:Hindi|Hindi]] for distribution across television, satellite channels, and digital platforms such as YouTube. Over the years, Goldmines has expanded its operations to include movie production, television channel management, and the distribution of [[:en:Bollywood|Bollywood]] movies. == History == === Early years and television production (2000–2006) === Goldmines is a movie production and distribution company established on 5 January 2000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/company/goldmines-telefilms-private-limited/U30007MH2000PTC123494?from=mdr|title=Goldmines Telefilms Private Limited Information - Goldmines Telefilms Private Limited Company Profile, Goldmines Telefilms Private Limited News on The Economic Times|website=economictimes.indiatimes.com|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> The company began operations in 2004.<ref name="IT">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/gecs/goldmines-telefilms-manish-shah-denies-hanky-panky-deals-with-sony-india-150123|title=Goldmines Telefilms' Manish Shah denies hanky-panky deals with Sony India|date=23 January 2015|website=www.indiantelevision.com|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Manish and Ulka Shah Lead Goldmines|newspaper=Business Standard|date=23 June 2024}}</ref> Initially, the company focused on producing regional-language television soaps in [[:en:Gujarati|Gujarati]] and [[:en:Marathi|Marathi]] for channels like [[:en:Alpha Marathi|Alpha Marathi]], [[:en:ETV Gujarati|ETV Gujarati]], and [[:en:Hungama TV|Hungama TV]].<ref name="DC">{{Cite news|title=Goldmines' Digital Dominance|newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=1 March 2024}}</ref> During this period, Goldmines also entered the movie syndication market, acquiring rights to older Hindi movies and licensing them to broadcasters, setting the stage for its later specialization in content distribution.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiantelevision.com/television/production-house/post-production/goldmines-media-finalises-sale-of-rights-to-nine-movies-050713|title=Goldmines Media finalises sale of rights to nine movies|date=13 July 2005|website=indiantelevision.com|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Goldmines' Role in Pan-India Cinema|newspaper=The Hindu|date=10 February 2023}}</ref> === Entry into movie dubbing (2007–2012) === In 2007, under the leadership of founder [[Manish Shah]], Goldmines pivoted to dubbing South Indian movies into Hindi, capitalizing on a gap in the Hindi entertainment market for mass-oriented, action-packed cinema.<ref>https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/goldmines-manish-shah-the-man-who-spotted-the-southern-stars-11651518633492.html</ref> The company’s first dubbed project, the Telugu movie ''[[:en:Mass (2004 film)|Mass]]'' (2004), was released as ''Meri Jung: One Man Army'' in 2007 and achieved [[:en:Target rating point|TRPs]] exceeding 1 on [[:en:Sony Max|Sony Max]], proving the viability of dubbed content.<ref>{{Cite news|title=How Goldmines Started Dubbing|newspaper=Firstpost|date=15 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/exclusive-sold-first-dubbed-film-meri-jung-rs-7-lakhs-today-offered-nearly-rs-20-crores-film-rs-7-lakhs-rs-20-crores-thats-jump-300-kab/|title=EXCLUSIVE: “We sold our first dubbed film Meri Jung for Rs. 7 lakhs. Today, we are offered nearly Rs. 20 crores for a film. From Rs. 7 lakhs to Rs. 20 crores, that’s a jump of 300%! Kabhi suna hai aapne aisa?” – Manish Shah of Goldmines Telefilms 7 : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|date=20 January 2022|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> Goldmines rapidly expanded its library, acquiring rights to Tamil and Telugu blockbusters featuring stars like [[:en:Rajinikanth|Rajinikanth]], [[:en:Chiranjeevi|Chiranjeevi]], [[:en:Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]], and later [[:en:Allu Arjun|Allu Arjun]] and [[:en:Jr. NTR|Jr. NTR]].<ref name="IE">{{Cite news|title=Manish Shah' Goldmines' Early Days|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|date=20 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/entertainment/bollywood/news/manish-shah-goldmines-telefilms-story-south-movies-hindi-dubbing-132256019.html|title=Manish Shah Goldmines Telefilms Story &#124; South Movies Hindi Dubbing &#124; નોર્થમાં 'પુષ્પા' સફળ થવાનું કારણ: સાઉથ સિનેમાનું ડબિંગ કરીને ઘરે-ઘરે લોકોનાં દિલમાં જગ્યા બનાવી, મનીષ શાહની ગોલ્ડમાઇન્સ ફિલ્મ્સની કિંમત 6000 કરોડ રૂપિયા &#124; Divya Bhaskar|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> Movies such as ''[[:en:Chirutha|Chirutha]]'' (2007), ''[[:en:King (2008 film)|King]]'' (2008) and ''[[:en:Magadheera|Magadheera]]'' (2009) became television hits, positioning Goldmines as a leader in dubbed cinema within four years.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Goldmines’ Dubbing Revolution|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=10 March 2015}}</ref> === Digital expansion and channel launch (2013–2020) === The rise of digital platforms in the 2010s prompted Goldmines to expand beyond traditional television.<ref name="DC"/> In 2012, the company launched its YouTube channel, "Goldmines", to distribute Hindi-dubbed films directly to viewers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.speakrj.com/audit/report/UCs570zdFq_NNA5OcV8chnHw/youtube|title=Goldmines Movies YouTube Channel Statistics / Analytics - SPEAKRJ Stats|website=SPEAKRJ|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref><ref name="HRI"/> This move proved prescient as internet penetration grew across India, particularly in [[:en:Tier 2 network|Tier 2]] and [[:en:Tier 3 network|Tier 3]] cities where South Indian dubbed movies found a massive audience.<ref name="DC"/> By 2020, the channel had grown exponentially, boasting millions of subscribers and becoming a key revenue stream.<ref name="HRI">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/interviews/how-a-businessman-built-the-worlds-biggest-youtube-movie-channel|title=How A Businessman Built The World’s Biggest Youtube Movie Channel|website=The Hollywood Reporter India|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> In 2020, Goldmines further diversified by launching Dhinchaak TV, a free-to-air channel on the [[:en:DD Free Dish|DD Free Dish]] platform. Aimed at [[:en:rural|rural]] and [[:en:semi-urban|semi-urban]] Hindi-speaking viewers, Dhinchaak TV quickly became the top-rated channel in its genre, broadcasting a steady stream of dubbed South Indian movies.<ref name="DC"/> This period also saw Goldmines dabbling in movie production, with titles like ''[[:en:Thuppakki|Thuppakki]]'' (2012), ''[[:en:Mirchi|Mirchi]]'' (2013), ''[[:en:Sarrainodu|Sarrainodu]]'' (2016), ''[[:en:DJ: Duvvada Jagannadham|DJ: Duvvada Jagannadham]]'' (2017) and ''[[:en:Maharshi|Maharshi]]'' (2019), though distribution remained its core strength.<ref name="IE"/> On 1 April 2022, Dhinchaak TV was renamed to Goldmines. === Mainstream success and movie productions (2021–Present) === In 2021, Goldmines distributed Hindi version of ''[[:en:Pushpa: The Rise|Pushpa: The Rise]]'' and became a huge success.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/the-pushpa-effect-goldmine-telefilms-head-manish-shah-decodes-the-rise-and-success-of-dubbed-south-films-10356771.html|title=The Pushpa effect: Goldmine Telefilms head Manish Shah decodes the rise and success of dubbed South films|date=8 February 2022|website=Firstpost|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> In 2022, Goldmines decided to release dubbed version of ''[[:en:Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo|Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo]]'' in theatres.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/english/sitara/cinema/after-pushpa-allu-arjuns-ala-vaikunthapurramuloo-to-release-in-cinema-halls-in-hindi/na20220117160601540|title=After 'Pushpa', Allu Arjun's 'Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo' to release in cinema halls in Hindi|first=E. T. V.|last=Bharat|date=17 January 2022|website=ETV Bharat News|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> Instead, they exclusively on their TV channel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/english/sitara/cinema/ala-vaikunthapurramuloo-makers-withdraw-release-of-hindi-version/na20220121210703410|title='Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo' makers withdraw release of Hindi version|first=E. T. V.|last=Bharat|date=21 January 2022|website=ETV Bharat News|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> In 2023, Goldmines distributed Hindi version of [[:en:Leo_(2023_Indian_film)|Leo]] which saw a good response from audience In 2024, Goldmines Telefilms signed to produce ''[[:en:Kanchana 4|Kanchana 4]]'', the fifith installment in the Tamil horror-comedy [[:en:Muni (film series)|''Muni'' series]] directed by [[:en:Raghava Lawrence|Raghava Lawrence]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/raghava-lawrence-narrates-kanchana-4-to-pooja-hegde-for-chandramukhi-role-1822562|title=Raghava Lawrence’s Kanchana 4 set to go on floors in Feb or Jan|first=lipika|last=varma|date=10 September 2024|website=www.deccanchronicle.com|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> The movie stars [[:en:Pooja Hegde|Pooja Hegde]] alongside him.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/pooja-hedge-to-play-lead-in-raghava-lawrences-kanchana-4/8fcc39267c250|title=Pooja Hegde to play lead in Raghava Lawrence’s Kanchana 4?|website=OTTPlay|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> Announced as a [[:en:pan-Indian film|pan-Indian film]], Shooting began in January 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2025/Jan/28/kanchana-4-shoots-started|title=காஞ்சனா - 4 படப்பிடிப்பு துவக்கம்?|date=28 January 2025|website=Dinamani|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> The movie is slated for a theatrical release in 2026, with plans for an digital release after an eight-week window, aligning with national [[:en:Multiplex (movie theater)|multiplex]] chain requirements.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ntnews.com/cinema/this-actresses-to-be-part-of-lawrence-kanchana-4-1861961|title=Kanchana 4 &#124; రాఘవా లారెన్స్‌ కాంచన-4లో ఇద్దరు భామలు ఫైనల్‌.. క్లిక్ అయితే రికార్డులే..!|first=NT News|last=telugu|date=24 January 2025|website=www.ntnews.com|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ntvtelugu.com/movie-news/a-super-hit-franchise-movie-coming-as-a-horror-comedy-747489.html|title=Lawrence : హారర్ కామెడీగా వస్తున్న సూపర్ హిట్ ఫ్రాంజైజీ సినిమా|first=ntv|last=Telugu|date=28 January 2025|website=NTV Telugu|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> == Filmography == {| class="wikitable" |+Key | style="background:#ffc;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} | Denotes movies that have not yet been released |} === Films produced === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Year ! Film ! Director ! Cast ! Language ! Notes ! Ref |- | {{TBA}} | {{Pending film|[[:en:Kanchana 4|Kanchana 4]]}} |[[:en:Raghava Lawrence|Raghava Lawrence]] | Raghava Lawrence, [[:en:Pooja Hegde|Pooja Hegde]] | [[:en:Tamil language|Tamil]] | Filming | |} === Notable films distributed === Notable film rights acquired by Goldmines Telefilms, later dubbed and released. * ''[[:en:Mass (2004 film)|Mass]]'' (2004)<ref>https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/goldmines-manish-shah-the-man-who-spotted-the-southern-stars-11651518633492.html</ref> * ''[[:en:Bunny (2005 film)|Bunny]]'' (2005) * ''[[:en:King (2008 film)|King]]'' (2008) * ''[[:en:Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja (film)|Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja]]'' (2009) * ''[[:en:Magadheera|Magadheera]]'' (2009) * ''[[:en:Brindavanam (2010 film)|Brindavanam]]'' (2010) * ''[[:en:Darling (2010 film)|Darling]]'' (2010) * ''[[:en:Singam|Singam]]'' (2010) * ''[[:en:Oosaravelli|Oosaravelli]]'' (2011) * ''[[:en:Kanchana (2011 film)|Kanchana]]'' (2011) * ''[[:en:Gabbar Singh (film)|Gabbar Singh]]'' (2012) * ''[[:en:Thuppakki|Thuppakki]]'' (2012 * ''[[:en:Baadshah (2013 film)|Baadshah]]'' (2013) * ''[[:en:Jilla|Jilla]]'' (2014) * ''[[:en:Yevadu|Yevadu]]'' (2014) * ''[[:en:Maari (film)|Maari]]'' (2015) * ''[[:en:Temper (film)|Temper]]'' (2015) * ''[[:en:Kanchana 2|Kanchana 2]]'' (2015) * ''[[:en:Demonte Colony|Demonte Colony]]'' (2015) * ''[[:en:Aranmanai 2|Aranmanai 2]]'' (2016) * ''[[:en:Sarrainodu|Sarrainodu]]'' (2016) * ''[[:en:Katamarayudu|Katamarayudu]]'' (2017) * ''[[:en:DJ: Duvvada Jagannadham|DJ: Duvvada Jagannadham]]'' (2017)<ref>https://scroll.in/reel/867024/allu-arjun-all-the-way-in-duvvada-jagannadham-the-hindi-dubbed-telugu-hit-on-youtube</ref> * ''[[:en:Maari 2|Maari 2]]'' (2018) * ''[[:en:Rangasthalam|Rangasthalam]]'' (2018) * ''[[:en:Jersey (2019 film)|Jersey]]'' (2019) * ''[[:en:Gaddalakonda Ganesh|Gaddalakonda Ganesh]]'' (2019)<ref>https://filmifryday.com/jigarthanda-movie-facts-and-its-all-3-remakes/#Gaddalakonda_Ganesh_2019</ref> * ''[[:en:Maharshi (2019 film)|Maharshi]]'' (2019)<ref>https://indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/viewership/hindi-movie-channel-dhinchaak-renamed-as-goldmines-movies-220328</ref> * ''[[:en:Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo|Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo]]'' (2020)<ref>https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/hindi-version-of-ala-vaikunthapurramuloo-to-be-out-on-youtube-on-february-2-101675167917607.html</ref> * ''[[:en:Pushpa: The Rise|Pushpa: The Rise]]'' (2021)<ref>https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/pushpa-rise-delivers-100-profit-manish-shah-goldmines-telefilms-makes-rs-40-crore-profit-hindi-rights/</ref> * ''[[:en:Jai Bhim (film)|Jai Bhim]]'' (2021) * ''[[:en:F3: Fun and Frustration|F3: Fun and Frustration]]'' (2022) * ''[[:en:Leo (2023 Indian film)|Leo]]'' (2023)<ref>https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/tamil-features/are-tamil-films-lagging-behind-in-the-hindi-market-leo-jigarthanda-doublex-vijay-lawrence-sj-suryah-kgf-jailer</ref> * ''[[:en:Jigarthanda DoubleX|Jigarthanda DoubleX]]'' (2023) * ''[[:en:Captain Miller (film)|Captain Miller]]'' (2024) == Television channels == === Goldmines === '''Goldmines''' is an Indian [[:en:Hindi|Hindi]] language television channel owned by Goldmines Telefilms.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.freedish.in/2022/04/goldmines-movie-channel-launched-on-lcn.html|title=Goldmines channel won MPEG-2 slot for 2025-26|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> The company launched its television channel, Dhinchaak TV, on the [[:en:free-to-air|free-to-air]] [[:en:DD Free Dish|DD Free Dish]] satellite service on 24 May 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/announcements-news/dhinchaak-renamed-as-goldmines-movies-119323.html|title=Dhinchaak renamed as Goldmines Movies - Exchange4media|date=28 March 2022|website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> Within months, it became the highest-rated channel in its genre among Hindi-speaking rural and urban viewers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/movie-channels/goldmines-telefilms-goes-big-with-dhinchaak-aims-to-cover-90-hsm-market-201014|title=Goldmines Telefilms goes big with Dhinchaak, aims to cover 90% HSM market|date=14 October 2020|website=www.indiantelevision.com|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://journalismguide.in/goldmines-telefilms-plans-to-launch-3-new-channels/|title=Goldmines Telefilms plans to launch 3 New Channels - Journalism Guide|date=3 August 2021|website=journalismguide.in|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> On 1 April 2022, Dhinchaak TV was renamed to Goldmines.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/viewership/hindi-movie-channel-dhinchaak-renamed-as-goldmines-movies-220328|title=Hindi movie channel Dhinchaak renamed as Goldmines Movies|date=28 March 2022|website=www.indiantelevision.com|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> Goldmines broadcasts [[:en:Hindi|Hindi]], [[:en:Hindustani|Hindustani]], [[:en:Bhojpuri|Bhojpuri]], and [[:en:Awadhi|Awadhi]] dubbed versions of South Indian movies produced by the company. The company also releases Hindi dubbed versions of South Indian movies on YouTube on their Goldmines channel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/podcast/entertainment/bollywood/shuklapaksh/manish-shah-exclusive-interview-with-pankaj-shukla-goldminestelefilms-ala-vaikunthapurramuloo-allu-arjun|title='पुष्पा' हिंदी के निर्माता की बॉलीवुड को खरी खरी, गालियों ने कर दिया बॉलीवुड का बेड़ा गर्क|website=Amar Ujala|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> Goldmines YouTube channel crossed 100 million subscribers in September 2024, and is the most subscribed YouTube movie channel and is one of the [[:en:List of most-subscribed YouTube channels|most-subscribed YouTube channel]].<ref name="HRI"/> === Goldmines Bollywood === '''Goldmines Bollywood''' is an Indian Hindi language Television channel owned by Goldmines Telefilms.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dreamdth.com/hindi-movie-channel-rebrandings-dhinchaak-is-now-goldmines-rishtey-cineplex-is-now-colors-cineplex-superhits/|title=Hindi movie channel rebrandings: Dhinchaak is now Goldmines, Rishtey Cineplex is now Colors Cineplex Superhits|date=1 April 2022|website=dreamdth.com|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> The channel which initially launched under the title Dhinchaak 2 primarily airs Bollywood movies from the 1960s to the 2000s.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Goldmines Expands TV Portfolio|newspaper=The Times of India|date=1 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/entertainment/news-from-bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-starrer-sooryavansham-may-not-be-telecast-on-set-max-anymore-manish-shah-of-goldmines-telefilms-got-the-rights/articleshow/92005156.cms|title=बहुत उड़ा लिया मजाक, अब सेट मैक्स पर नहीं देख पाएंगे 'सूर्यवंशम', जानें कब-कहां दिखेंगे हीरा ठाकुर?|website=Navbharat Times|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> === Goldmines Movies === '''Goldmines Movies''' is an Indian [[:en:multilingual|multilingual]] Television channel owned by Goldmines Telefilms.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dreamdth.com/dreamdth-explains-an-overview-of-hindi-movie-and-news-channels-in-india/2/|title=DreamDTH Explains: An overview of Hindi movie and news channels in India - Page 2 of 4|date=10 September 2022|website=dreamdth.com|accessdate=14 March 2025}}</ref> The channel primarily broadcasts South Indian Hindi-Bhojpuri dubbed movies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhinchaak2 Movie Channel rebranded as Goldmines movies |url=https://www.freedish.in/2020/04/blue-channel-hindi-movie-channel-added.html |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=freedish |language=en}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == *{{Official website|https://www.goldmines.co.in}} * {{YouTube channel|GoldminesTelefilms}} * {{Instagram|officialgoldminestelefilms}} [[Category:Movie production companies]] [[Category:Indian movie studios]] [[Category:2000s establishments in India]] [[Category:21st-century establishments in India]] [[Category:Indian entertainment companies]] [[Category:Television networks]] puseag2n4ojzq03tywvs40odwruars8 0 1176155 10368626 10277845 2025-07-03T01:12:11Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 Typo: duplication 10368626 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Wrestler |name=Nick Wayne |names='''Nick Wayne''' |image=Nick Wayne 2023 crop.jpg |caption=Wayne in June 2023 |height={{height|ft=6|in=1}} |weight={{convert|162|lb|kg|abbr=on}} |birth_date={{Birth date and age|2005|7|10}} |birth_place=[[Seattle]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]] |billed=Seattle, Washington |trainer=[[Buddy Wayne]] |debut=April 27, 2018 }} '''Nicholas Wayne Finley''' (born July 10, 2005) is an American [[Professional wrestling|professional wrestler]]. He currently wrestles for [[All Elite Wrestling]] (AEW) and their sister promotion [[Ring of Honor]] (ROH) under the ring name '''Nick Wayne'''. He is a member of [[The Patriarchy (professional wrestling)|The Patriarchy]] [[List of professional wrestling terms#S|stable]]. Wayne has also made appearances in [[Game Changer Wrestling]] (GCW) and [[DEFY Wrestling]]. In AEW, Wayne has been a one-time [[AEW World Trios Championship|AEW World Trios Champion]]. In DEFY, he was a [[DEFY World Championship|DEFY World Champion]]. In GCW, he was a one-time [[GCW Tag Team Championship|GCW Tag Team Champion]]. ==Career== ===All Elite Wrestling / Ring of Honor === At DEFY's 5th Anniversary Show, Wayne challenged [[Christopher Daniels]] for the DEFY World Championship but was unsuccessful. After the match, his friend [[Darby Allin]] came out to the ring and offered Wayne a contract to become a member of the [[All Elite Wrestling]] (AEW) roster.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/results/defy-wrestling-5th-anniversary-results-212-christopher-daniels-jonathan-gresham-more-action|accessdate=March 18, 2025|title=DEFY Wrestling 5th Anniversary Results (2/12): Christopher Daniels, Jonathan Gresham, More In Action|publisher=Fightful}}</ref> On the July 12, 2023 episode of ''[[AEW Dynamite|Dynamite]]'', Wayne made his AEW debut in a loss to [[Swerve Strickland]]. It was two days after Wayne had turned 18.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/results/aew-dynamite-71223-results-blood-and-guts-teams-revealed-debut-nick-wayne-and-more|accessdate=March 18, 2025|title=AEW Dynamite (7/12/23) Results Blood And Guts Teams Revealed, The Debut of Nick Wayne, and more|publisher=Fightful}}</ref> On the July 21 episode of ''[[AEW Rampage|Rampage]]'', Wayne took part in a [[Battle royal (professional wrestling)|Royal Rampage]] match to determine the number one contender for the [[AEW TNT Championship]] but the match was won by Darby Allin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/results/aew-rampage-7212023-results-royal-rampage-acclaimed-daddy-ass-vs-qtv-tbs-title-bout-more|accessdate=March 18, 2025|title=AEW Rampage (7/21/2023) Results: Royal Rampage, Acclaimed & Daddy Ass vs QTV, TBS Title Bout & More.|publisher=Fightful}}</ref> On the September 21 episode of ROH on HonorClub, Wayne challenged [[Katsuyori Shibata]] for the [[ROH Pure Championship]] but lost.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/results/ring-honor-tv-9212023-results-athena-mogul-embassy-katsuyori-shibata-more-compete|accessdate=March 18, 2025|title=Ring of Honor TV (9/21/2023) Results: Athena, Mogul Embassy, Katsuyori Shibata & More Compete|publisher=Fightful}}</ref> At [[WrestleDream (2023)|WrestleDream]], Wayne appeared during the [[Professional wrestling match types#Series matches|two out of three falls match]] between Darby Allin and [[Christian Cage]] for the AEW TNT Championship. Wayne turned [[Heel (professional wrestling)|heel]] after hitting his friend Allin with the championship belt and helping Cage win the match.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2023/10/01/aew-wrestledream-results-powells-live-review-of-darby-allin-vs-christian-cage-in-a-best-of-three-falls-match-for-the-tnt-title-bryan-danielson-vs-zack-sabre-jr-swerve-strickland-vs-hangman-pa/|accessdate=March 18, 2025|title=AEW WrestleDream results: Powell's live review of Darby Allin vs. Christian Cage in a best of three falls match for the TNT Title, Bryan Danielson vs. Zack Sabre Jr., Swerve Strickland vs. Hangman Page|publisher=Pro Wrestling Dot Com}}</ref> Wayne, Cage and other member [[Luchasaurus]] named their [[List of professional wrestling terms#S|stable]] [[The Patriarchy (professional wrestling)|The Patriarchy]] and Wayne was known by the nickname "The Prodigy" Nick Wayne.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/luchasaurus-now-known-killswitch-adam-copeland-blasts-nick-wayne-con-chair|accessdate=March 18, 2025|title=Luchasaurus Is Now Known As Killswitch; Adam Copeland Blasts Nick Wayne With A Con-Chair-To|publisher=Fightful}}</ref> At [[Holiday Bash (2023)|Holiday Bash]], Cage announced that Wayne's real-life mother, Shayna, was the newest member of The Patriarchy and was named "The Matriarch" Mother Wayne.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2023/12/23/aew-collision-results-12-23-powells-live-review-of-bryan-danielson-vs-brody-king-eddie-kingston-vs-daniel-garcia-and-andrade-el-idolo-vs-claudio-castagnoli-in-continental-classic-matches/|accessdate=March 18, 2025|title=AEW Collision results (12/23): Powell's live review of Bryan Danielson vs. Brody King, Eddie Kingston vs. Daniel Garcia, and Andrade El Idolo vs. Claudio Castagnoli in Continental Classic matches|publisher=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> On the February 28, 2024 episode of ''Dynamite'', Wayne challenged [[Orange Cassidy]] for the [[AEW International Championship]] but was unsuccessful.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/results/aew-dynamite-2282024-results-sting-s-last-dynamite-will-ospreay-arrives-hangman-page-speaks|accessdate=March 18, 2025|title=AEW Dynamite (2/28/2024) Results: Sting's Last Dynamite, Will Ospreay Arrives, Hangman Page Speaks|publisher=Fightful}}</ref> On the July 20 episode of ''Collision'', The Patriarchy defeated the [[Bullet Club|Bang Bang Gang]] ([[Austin Gunn]], [[Colten Gunn]] and [[Juice Robinson]]) to win the vacant [[AEW World Trios Championship]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/results/aew-collision-7202024-results-trios-title-bout-ftr-thunder-rosa-hologram-darby-allin-more|accessdate=March 18, 2025|title=AEW Collision (7/20/2024) Results: Trios Title Bout, FTR, Thunder Rosa, Hologram, Darby Allin, More|publisher=Fightful}}</ref> This was Wayne's first championship in AEW and he also became the youngest wrestler to win a championship in the company. At [[All In (2024)|All In London]], The Patriarchy lost the championships in a [[Professional wrestling match types#Weapons match|four-way London Ladder match]] to the [[Death Riders|Blackpool Combat Club]] ([[Claudio Castagnoli]] and [[Wheeler Yuta]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/08/25/aew-all-in-results-powells-live-review-of-swerve-strickland-vs-bryan-danielson-for-the-aew-world-championship-toni-storm-vs-mariah-may-for-the-aew-womens-championship/|accessdate=March 18, 2025|title=AEW All In results: Powell's live review of Swerve Strickland vs. Bryan Danielson for the AEW World Championship, Toni Storm vs. Mariah May for the AEW Women's Championship|publisher=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> == Personal life == Finley is a third-generation professional wrestler. His father [[Buddy Wayne]] was an [[List of professional wrestling terms#J|enhancement talent]] that made appearances for [[World Championship Wrestling]] (WCW) and [[WWE|World Wrestling Entertainment]] (WWE). His father died on June 17, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/other-wrestling/buddy-wayne-passes-away-50-years-old-237571|accessdate=March 18, 2025|title=Buddy Wayne passes away at 50 years old|publisher=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> His grandfather [[Moondog Ed Moretti]] made appearances in promotions around the Pacific Northwest.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.f4wonline.com/podcasts/portland-wrestlecast/portland-wrestlecast-a-talk-with-nick-waynes-grandfather-moondog-ed-moretti/|accessdate=March 18, 2025|title=Portland Wrestlecast: A talk with Nick Wayne's grandfather 'Moondog' Ed Moretti|publisher=Wrestling Observer Newsletter}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{Twitter|thenickwayne}} {{All Elite Wrestling}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Wayne, Nick}} [[Category:2005 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:All Elite Wrestling people]] [[Category:American professional wrestlers]] [[Category:Sportspeople from Seattle]] cp8wskjpx6s4hdr7rr5spsbeunt4iza 0 1176403 10368919 10324014 2025-07-03T04:03:27Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368919 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tucson Mall''' is known to be the biggest and most recognizable mall in [[Tucson, Arizona|Tucson]]. It opened in 1982, and has grown a lot since then for over 40 years. Brookfiled Properties were the original owners and management. There are two floor levels and about 163 stores in the mall, including restaurants nearby. The anchor stores include Dillard's, Forever 21, JCPenney, Macy's, and Old Navy. There is also a children's play place which is always full of families. There are always improvements happening, and openings of new stores and restaurants. In 2001, General Growth Properties bought Tucson Mall for 180 Million Dollars. The mall is located on the north side of Tucson, bounded by Oracle Road (Arizona State Route 77), Wetmore Road, Stone Avenue, and the Rillito River. Behind the Mall is a [[Sam's Club]] and other stores which are at W Stone Loop and E River Rd. == Anchor Stores == * [[Dillard's]] (197,958 square feet (18,390.9 m²)) * [[Forever 21]] (86,596 square feet (8,045.0 m²), formerly [[Mervyn's]]) * [[JCPenney|JC Penny]](136,864 square feet (12,715.1 m²)) * [[Macy's]](139,078 square feet (12,920.8 m²), formerly occupied in a 135,000 square feet (12,500 m²) originally [[The Broadway]] or [[The Broadway|Broadway Southwest]] the current location originally opened as Foley's in 1991; chain's Arizona locations rebranded as [[Robinsons-May]] February 2, 1997 changed to Macy's in 2006) * [[Old Navy]](19,996 square feet (1,857.7 m²)) == Former anchors == * [[Diamond's Store|Diamond's]](Sold to [[Dillard's]] in 1984) * [[Foley's]] (became [[Robinsons-May]] on February 2, 1997, closed sometime shortly after the chain was bought out by [[Macy's]], reopened as [[Macy's]] in 2006) * [[The Broadway]] (became Macy's in 1996, closed in 2006, demolished in 2007) * [[Mervyn's|Meryvn's]](closed in 2008, became [[Forever 21]] in 2009) * [[Sears]](162,816 square feet (15,126.1 m²), closed in April 2020) == History == Helen Wetmore, whose husband's family had homesteaded the land in the late 1800s, came up with the idea for the Tucson Mall. During a trip to Chicago in the 1930s, she spotted a shopping center on the [[Skokie, Illinois|Skokie]] Highway and thought to herself, "That's what I am going to have on my land." She kept the parcel of land together until 1978, and at that point plans for the mall were initiated with [[Forest City Enterprises]]. The Tucson Mall opened in 1982, with about 100 stores and five department stores, including Broadway, J. C. Penney, Mervyn’s, Diamond's and Sears. Hellmuth, Obata & Kassabuam of Dallas, Texas were the architects for the mall. Each of the five original department stores hired their own designers. Forest City Dillon Inc. was the one with the contract. Diamond's was converted to Dillard's in 1984. Beginning in 1990, the mall began an extensive expansion project. First, the [[Dillard's]] anchor was expanded and a parking garage was added next to [[Dillard's]]. On the east side of the mall, an entirely new wing was built; the original mall footprint had stopped just to the east of the center court area. The area to the southeast of the [[Mervyn's]] had been a parking lot. A new wing opened in 1991 and added over 400,000 sq ft to the mall, over 70 new stores, and a sixth anchor, Houston-based [[Foley's]]. In 1993, the food court was renewed with the addition of a carousel and Arizona Avenue. [[Sun Tran]]'s Tohono Tadai Transit Center, located adjacent to the Mall, was opened in 1994.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Role of Transit in Creating Livable Metropolitan Communities|url=https://archive.org/details/roleoftransitinc0000unse|date=1997-01-01|publisher=Transportation Research Board|isbn=9780309060578|pages=[https://archive.org/details/roleoftransitinc0000unse/page/n92 71]–73|chapter=Tohono Tadai Transit Center}}</ref> In 1996, [[The Broadway]] was changed to a [[Macy's]] after [[Federated Department Stores]] acquired [[Broadway]]. In 1997, all of [[Foley's]] locations in Arizona were rebranded as the Los Angeles–based [[Robinsons-May.]] In 2001, General Growth Properties purchased Tucson Mall.<ref>{{Cite news|last=News|first=Bloomberg|date=2001-08-17|title=Mall in Tucson Is Sold|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/17/business/mall-in-tucson-is-sold.html|access-date=2025-03-21|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In 2003, the aging mall underwent a $15 million renewal, which was the first major renewal since it opened in 1982. The mall was given all new polished tile floors, glass railings on the upper level, new escalators and elevators where stairs had been, a new children’s play area, new and refurbished restrooms, reworked food court and Arizona Avenue, changes to fountains and a new paint scheme. In 2006, the [[Robinsons-May]] store was changed to a [[Macy's]] after [[Macy's]] acquired them in a corporate purchase. The existing [[Macy's]] on the south side of the mall was vacated. In 2007, the former Macy's store was destroyed in preparation for an extensive remodel and addition on the south side of the mall. The changes include the addition of a grand entrance hall in the location of the old anchor, extension of stores on both the east and west side of the new entrance, addition of multiple water features, complete update of facade from current [[Macy's]] to Mall Security Offices, and the addition of [[REI]] and [[The Cheesecake Factory|The Cheesecake Factor]]<nowiki/>y on the south side of the Tucson Mall. A parking structure was also added next to the current [[Macy's]]. In 2008, [[GameStop]], formerly an [[Electronics Boutique]], in the bottom floor was relocated to the center as a Software ETC on the top floor, also owned by [[GameStop|Gamestop]], hyped a bigger, better [[GameStop|Gamestop]], this larger center one being the result. [[Mervyn's]] closed their store with the chain's decline. In 2009, [[Forever 21]] opened in the approximately 80,000-square-foot (7,400 m²) space formerly anchored by [[Mervyn's]] as part of its strategy to open larger stores with a more diverse merchandise selection. == Recent Buzz == On February 6, 2020, it was announced that Sears would be closing as part of a plan to close 31 stores nationwide. The store closed in April 2020. Around Early 2024, Forever 21 Moved their Stores location leaving the location vacant for a bit. == References and citations == <references /> * http://www.propertyshark.com/mason/Property/70402857/4550-N-Oracle-Rd-Tucson-AZ-85705/ {{Dead link|date=February 2022}} * https://www.pinterest.com/pin/364017582377940027/ * http://tucsoncitizen.com/morgue2/1996/12/09/225137-street-talk/ * http://tucsoncitizen.com/morgue/2006/05/24/13537-federated-to-sell-macy-s-in-tucson-mall/ * http://tucsoncitizen.com/morgue/2009/03/16/112220-forever-21-takes-over-tucson-mall-mervyn-s-space/ * http://tucsoncitizen.com/morgue/2007/10/30/67220-demolition-begins-at-tucson-mall-s-macy-s/ * http://tucsoncitizen.com/morgue2/2002/04/12/14660-tucson-mall-getting-new-look/<nowiki/>' * https://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/17/business/mall-in-tucson-is-sold.html == Other websites == * https://www.tucsonmall.com/en.html * [https://www.google.com/maps/place/4500+N+Oracle+Rd,+Tucson+Mall,+Tucson,+AZ+85705/@32.2886593,-110.9741615,710m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x86d673bfe7a942df:0x37447e247a3c5d86?hl=en Aerial View] * [https://www.historicaerials.com/viewer Historical Aerial View] {{DEFAULTSORT:The Tucson Mall}} [[Category:Malls]] [[Category:Buildings and structures in Arizona]] [[Category:Tucson, Arizona]] [[Category:Malls In Arizona]] 5lv58bpuon3h1nc86wvdp8sweg7rr8p 0 1176582 10368813 10323797 2025-07-03T03:06:55Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368813 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maria Nyerere''' (born '''Maria Waningu Gabriel Magige'''; 31 December 1930) is a Tanzanian educator and the widow of [[Julius Nyerere]], the first [[President of Tanzania]]. She served as the country's inaugural [[First Lady of Tanzania|First Lady]] from 1964 to 1985. His direct grandson is [[Kevin Nyerere]] a supporter of [[Pan-Africanism]]. == Early life and education == Maria Nyerere was born in the [[Tanganyika Territory]] into a [[Roman Catholic]] family belonging to the Simbiti ethnic group. She was the seventh of nine children of Gabriel Magige and Hannah Nyashiboha. She attended the White Sisters’ School in Nyegina, later continuing her studies on [[Ukerewe Island]], and completed teacher training at [[Sumve]] Teacher Training College. She began her teaching career in 1947 at Nyegina Primary School in [[Musoma]]. == Marriage and public role == In 1953, she married Julius Nyerere, then a schoolteacher and political activist. During the independence struggle, Maria supported her husband and maintained a household business to supplement their income in [[Dar es Salaam]]. Following the union of Tanganyika and [[Zanzibar]] in 1964, Julius Nyerere became the first President of the [[United Republic of Tanzania]], and Maria served as the nation’s first First Lady until his retirement in 1985. During this period, she participated in public and charitable events and remained active in Catholic and women's organizations. == Later life == After Julius Nyerere’s retirement, the couple returned to their native village of [[Butiama]]. Following his death in 1999, Maria remained a public figure, supporting educational and health-related initiatives. In 2018, she was honored by the [[African Union]] as a “Female Icon of the African Anti-Colonial Liberation Struggle” during the 32nd AU Summit in [[Addis Ababa]].<ref>{{cite web|date=31 December 2022|title=Happy Birthday Mama Maria Nyerere|url=https://www.jamiiforums.com/threads/happy-birthday-mama-maria-nyerere.2052395/|access-date=22 March 2025|website=Jamii Forums}}</ref> == Related pages == * [[Julius Nyerere]] * [[Museum Nyerere Memorial House]] == References == <references /> == Bibliography == * Nyerere, Julius. ''Freedom and Unity: A Selection from Writings and Speeches 1952–1965''. Oxford University Press, 1966. ISBN 978-0196430012. * Nyerere, Julius. ''Freedom, Non-Aligned and Peace''. Oxford University Press, 1980. ISBN 978-0195760516. * Legum, Colin. ''Africa Since Independence''. Indiana University Press, 1999. ISBN 978-0253335294. * Becker, Felicitas. ''Becoming Muslim in Mainland Tanzania, 1890–2000''. Oxford University Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0199289792. * Geiger, Susan. ''TANU Women: Gender and Culture in the Making of Tanganyikan Nationalism, 1955–1965''. Heinemann, 1997. ISBN 978-0325000304. * Pratt, Cranford. ''The Critical Phase in Tanzania 1945–1968: Nyerere and the Emergence of a Socialist Strategy''. Cambridge University Press, 1976. ISBN 978-0521210432. == Other websites == * [https://www.nyererememorial.com Official Julius Nyerere Memorial Site]{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://www.au.int/en/summit/32 African Union – 32nd Ordinary Session (2018 honour)] * [https://www.kevinnyerereholding.com/en Kevin Nyerere Holding (family foundation site)] {{DEFAULTSORT:Nyerere, Maria}} [[Category:1930 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:First ladies of Tanzania]] [[Category:Tanzanian schoolteachers]] [[Category:Tanzanian Roman Catholics]] [[Category:People from Mara Region]] [[Category:Julius Nyerere family]] [[Category:20th-century Tanzanian people]] [[Category:21st-century Tanzanian people]] 8vdjfkuqejujmppzh9xqr65zc7034nv 0 1176584 10368829 10323840 2025-07-03T03:15:48Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{orphan|date=March 2025}} '''Mwalimu Nyerere Memorial House''' is a historical house museum in the Mzimuni ward of Kinondoni District, in [[Dar es Salaam]], [[Tanzania]]. It commemorates the life and legacy of [[Julius Nyerere]], the founding father and first president of Tanzania. == History == The house was originally built in the 1950s and served as one of the first private residences of Julius Nyerere after he left his teaching position at [[Pugu Secondary School]] (then St. Francis School).<ref name="dailynews">{{cite web |url=https://dailynews.co.tz/nyereres-house-and-secret-of-tanzanias-independence/ |title=Nyerere’s house and secret of Tanzania’s independence |website=Daily News |date=13 October 2022 |access-date=22 March 2025}}</ref> The house, located at Plot No. 62, House No. 2, Makumbusho Street, became an informal hub for anti-colonial meetings and strategic discussions during Tanganyika’s struggle for independence.<ref name="dailynews" /> It was also part of a street where several other key independence activists lived, including Abasi Kandoro, Amiri Abeid Kalluta, Rashid Kawawa, Lucy Lameck, and John Rupia.<ref name="dailynews" /> == Educational Use and Public Reception == The Nyerere Memorial House plays an active role in civic and historical education in Tanzania. It is regularly visited by school groups, university students, civil servants, and members of the military as part of national programs aimed at reinforcing patriotic values and historical awareness. Through guided tours and curated materials, visitors engage with Nyerere’s [[political philosophy]], particularly the principles of [[Ujamaa]], self-reliance, and ethical governance. The museum also serves as a site of pan-African reflection. Scholars, diplomats, and activists from across the continent and the diaspora visit the site to explore Nyerere’s contribution to the [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African]] movement and his support for liberation struggles throughout Africa. The house has hosted international delegations, academic seminars, and public commemorations tied to Nyerere Day and other regional observances. Public reception of the museum has been overwhelmingly positive. It is widely seen as a rare and authentic space for reconnecting with the foundational values of post-independence African leadership. Its modest scale and preserved domestic setting contribute to its emotional and symbolic power. == Museum Collection == Today, the house functions as a memorial museum administered under the umbrella of the [[National Museum of Tanzania]]. Carefully preserved in its original form, the residence offers visitors a rare and intimate glimpse into the domestic life of Julius Nyerere during the pivotal years of Tanzania’s independence movement. The museum’s collection comprises a diverse range of authentic household objects and personal belongings used by the Nyerere family, including: * Julius Nyerere’s original wooden bed and writing desk, where he composed speeches and translated classical works into Swahili * A vintage radio and period furniture reflecting the material culture of postcolonial Tanzania * Traditional kitchen utensils used by [[Maria Nyerere]], exemplifying the simplicity of their daily life * A copper water container and a charcoal iron, tools of a self-sufficient and modest household * Framed quotations, photographs, and excerpts from Nyerere’s speeches and political writings Taken together, these artifacts do more than preserve the memory of a historical figure—they embody the ethical vision and lifestyle that shaped Nyerere’s political identity. The austere setting reinforces his image as a leader who rejected opulence, embraced egalitarianism, and lived in alignment with the principles of [[Ujamaa]] and African socialism. Through these material traces, the museum serves as a tangible expression of Nyerere’s enduring legacy, inviting reflection on the intimate relationship between personal conduct and public leadership.<ref name="tanapa">{{cite web |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.go.tz/uploads/publications/en-1649685096-MWLNYERERE%20ENG.pdf |title=Mwalimu Nyerere Memorial House - Magomeni |website=Tanzania National Parks Authority |access-date=22 March 2025}}</ref> == Significance == The Nyerere Memorial House holds profound symbolic and political significance, both nationally and continentally. As the preserved home of [[Julius Nyerere]], the museum represents the ethical and ideological foundation of Tanzania’s independence movement. Its modest structure and everyday contents reflect Nyerere’s lifelong commitment to humility, public service, and moral leadership. The memorial is widely regarded as a site of civic memory, where the principles of [[Ujamaa]]—African socialism—and national unity are not only remembered but actively taught to new generations. It functions as a place of reflection on the values of equality, self-reliance, and [[social justice]] that defined Nyerere’s political thought. Within a broader continental framework, the house is also a living symbol of [[Pan-Africanism]]. Nyerere’s role in supporting liberation movements across Africa and advocating for post-colonial cooperation is embedded in the museum’s interpretive narrative. Visitors from across the continent come to engage with the legacy of a leader who saw African unity not as an abstract ideal, but as a moral and strategic necessity. In this sense, the memorial stands as both a national shrine and a pan-African site of intellectual inheritance. == Related pages == * [[Julius Nyerere]] == References == <references /> == Bibliography == * Nyerere, Julius. ''Freedom and Unity: A Selection from Writings and Speeches 1952–1965''. Oxford University Press, 1966. ISBN 978-0196430012. * Legum, Colin. ''Africa Since Independence''. Indiana University Press, 1999. ISBN 978-0253335294. * Pratt, Cranford. ''The Critical Phase in Tanzania 1945–1968: Nyerere and the Emergence of a Socialist Strategy''. Cambridge University Press, 1976. ISBN 978-0521210432. * Becker, Felicitas. ''Becoming Muslim in Mainland Tanzania, 1890–2000''. Oxford University Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0199289792. == Other websites == * [https://www.tanzaniaparks.go.tz/uploads/publications/en-1649685096-MWLNYERERE%20ENG.pdf Official brochure – Mwalimu Nyerere Memorial House (PDF)] * [https://dailynews.co.tz/nyereres-house-and-secret-of-tanzanias-independence/ Daily News article on the memorial house] [[Category:Museums in Tanzania]] [[Category:Historic house museums]] [[Category:Buildings and structures in Dar es Salaam]] [[Category:Julius Nyerere]] [[Category:Monuments and memorials in Tanzania]] ajq9niwglegk5cz11ime761cvsxa8c0 0 1176889 10368788 10323735 2025-07-03T02:44:48Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368788 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = | name = Kyaw Myo Min | native_name = {{nobold|ကျော်မျိုးမင်း}} | native_name_lang = my | birth_place = [[Myanmar]] (Burma) | citizenship = [[Myanmar nationality law|Burmese]] | occupation = [[Journalist]], [[Reporter]] | organization = NP News | known_for = Editor-in-chief and founder of Akon Thi Media and the current NP News | notable_works = Founder and editor-in-chief of NP News and Akon Thi Media | awards = Media Professional Excellence Award | website = https://npnewsmm.com/ }} '''Kyaw Myo Min''' ({{Lang-my|ကျော်မျိုးမင်း}}; {{IPA-my|kjo̰ mjo̰ mɪ́ɴ|pron}}; born [[Myanmar]]) is a Burmese journalist. He is the founder and editor of NP News, a news outlet in Myanmar. NP News gained attention after the 2021 military coup in Myanmar.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nayt Thit |date=13 January 2024 |title="We are ashamed we have to use the word 'surrender.' We are inconsolable by the surrender of more than 2,000 troops and over 1,000 of their family members" regime booster Kyaw Myo Min announced on his Telegram channel NP News Talk Show. |url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/opinion/analysis/myanmars-dictator-is-facing-calls-to-resign-from-some-of-his-most-ardent-supporters.html |work=[[The Irrawaddy]]}}</ref> == Early life == Kyaw Myo Min was born in Myanmar. Information about his early life and family background is not widely available.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 August 2023 |title=People Media and NP News are known for their racial incitement between ethnic minorities and Buddhist Bamar people, publishing false reports about PDFs killing Buddhist monks, and claiming that EAOs that arm PDFs are not Buddhist. Nearly one hour after the press conference, General Sumlut Gun Maw, vice chair of the KIA's political wing, the Kachin Independence Organization, posted on his Facebook page pictures of Kyaw Soe Oo from People Media and Kyaw Myo Min from NP News asking questions at the press conference, with the caption "Noted." |url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/ethnic-issues/myanmar-junta-spokesman-incites-hatred-between-bamar-kachin.html |work=[[The Irrawaddy]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=11 April 2024 |title=NP News သတင်းဌာနကို ကြည့်ရှုအားပေးကြပါ သော ညီအစ်ကို မောင်နှမ မိတ်ဆွေများ အားလုံးမင်္ဂလာပါ... |url=https://www.npnewsmm.com/news/6617fb3de890662e045d1f38 |work=NP News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=3 March 2022 |title="သမိုင်းမှာ စစ်တပ်က အာဏာသိမ်းတာ တစ်ခါပဲရှိတယ်။ အခုက အနေအစားမတတ်တဲ့အတွက် ဘယ်ကောင် ဗိုလ်လဲဆိုတာ ထွက်ရပ်ပြလိုက်တာ" (အင်တာဗျူး) |url=https://npnewsmm.com/news/6222cb159d9f12435b22b0e3 |work=NP News}}</ref> == Career == Kyaw Myo Min started his journalism career at Pyi Myanmar Journal.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2024 |title=နှုတ်ထွက်စကားမှသည် EV ပေါ်လစီ - ကော်မတီနှင့်မကြားဝံ့သာသော မြေပြင်ပကတိ အရှိတရားများ |url=https://npnewsmm.com/news/666029a9fae23f7e47447ed8 |work=NP News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 2023 |title=မူးယစ်ဆေးဝါးသည် ငွေကြေးခဝါချမှု၊ လက်နက်မှောင်ခိုမှုများကို ဖန်တီးပေးနေသည့်အတွက် နိုင်ငံနှင့် နိုင်ငံသားတို့၏ လုံခြုံရေးကို ခြိမ်းခြောက်နေဟု ရဲမှူးချုပ်ဆို |url=https://npnewsmm.com/news/649948c52f3bde0cc4484df4 |work=NP News}}</ref> He later became the editor-in-chief of Akon Thi Media. In 2021, following the military coup, he founded NP News.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 October 2023 |title='NUG, PDF Are Slaughtering the People': Pro-Myanmar Junta Politicians, Journalist |url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/politics/nug-pdf-are-slaughtering-the-people-pro-myanmar-junta-politicians-journalist.html |work=[[The Irrawaddy]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=6 June 2022 |title=ကျပ်(၂၃)ဘီလျံနဲ့ ဒေါ်လာ(၄)သန်းနီးပါးသုံးခဲ့တဲ့ ဒေါ်အောင်ဆန်းစုကြည်တို့ရဲ့ ရဟတ်ယာဉ်အမှု၊ ကရင်ဒေသ တိုက်ပွဲတွေရဲ့နောက်ကွယ်မှာ နိုင်ငံခြားငွေစီးဆင်းမှုရှိတယ်လို DKBA ခေါင်းဆောင်ပြော (၆၊၆၊၂ဝ၂၂) |url=https://npnewsmm.com/videos/629e17a0ccee822c9c160a54 |work=NP News}}</ref> The outlet has been known for its coverage of the military government and its critical reports on opposition groups, including the National Unity Government (NUG) and the People’s Defense Forces (PDF).<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 October 2024 |title=NLD ပါတီ ကို မှတ်ပုံတင်ရန်အတွက် နစက က တိုးတိုးတိတ်တိတ်ပြောကြားလာခြင်းမျိုးမရှိဟု ဒေါ်စန္ဒာမင်း တုံ့ပြန် |url=https://npnewsmm.com/news/671cb78cbfe2a16ef9620913 |work=NP News}}</ref> NP News has faced criticism from groups opposing the military government.<ref>{{cite news |title=Analysis of NP News in Myanmar's Media Landscape |url=https://example.com/international-analysis |date= }}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |title=Critics Question NP News Coverage |url=https://example.com/criticism |date= }}</ref> Conversely, other observers argue that NP News offers an alternative viewpoint in a highly polarized media environment.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=Yangon Khit Thit News |date=2022-12-07 |title=စစ်တပ်အလိုကျ လူထုကို လိမ်လည်ရန် ကြိုးစား နေသည့် မီဒီယာ အမည် ခံများ၊ အစွန်းရောက် မဘသ နှင့်အမျိုးသား ရေး လော်ဘီများ၊ စစ်အုပ်စု၏ နောက်မြီးဆွဲများကို ဖော်ထုတ်ခြင်း |url=https://yktnews.com/2022/12/71332/ |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=Khit Thit Media |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=NP News Provides a Counterpoint in Myanmar Media |url=https://example.com/alternative-view |date= }}</ref> However, it continues to operate in Myanmar.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 July 2022 |title=တရားမဝင်အစိုးရလို့ သုံးနှုန်းခဲ့တဲ့ ပြင်သစ်နဲ့အနောက်အုပ်စုကို အပြင်းအထန်ကန့်ကွက်တဲ့ နစက၊ ကျောင်းပညာရေးကို ခြိမ်းခြောက်ခဲ့သူတို့ရဲ့ မနှစ်ကစကားနဲ့ ယနေ့ဖြစ်စဉ် (၇၊၆၊၂ဝ၂၂) |url=https://npnewsmm.com/videos/629f6256155a9866a8391245 |work=NP News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=6 July 2022 |title=ပတ်စပို့ကိစ္စအတွက် ဘယ်သူအစိုးရလဲဆိုတာ တစ်ကွက်ပြလိုက်တဲ့ နစက၊ ခြံအမှတ်(၅၄)ကို ဒေါ်အောင်ဆန်းစုကြည်ပစ္စည်းတွေ ပြန်ပို့ခြင်းနဲ့ နောက်ဆက်တွဲ (၆၊၇၊၂ဝ၂၂) |url=https://npnewsmm.com/videos/62c5a677c2e8553280284eb4 |work=NP News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=4 August 2022 |title="ဘုန်းကြီးအပါး (၅ဝ) ကျော်ထိ အသတ်ခံရတာကို တစ်တိုင်းပြည်လုံးရှိ ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာအဖွဲ့အစည်းတွေက သတင်းစကားလေးတောင် မပြောရဲဘဲနဲ့ ငြိမ်ခံနေရတဲ့အဆင့်" (အင်တာဗျူး) |url=https://npnewsmm.com/news/62eb662d9a10ff1c4e5b98a3 |work=NP News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=17 August 2023 |title=U Maung Weik bribed a Patek Philippe watch to former Yangon Chief Minister U Phyo Min Thein; situation considered as injustice to Eleven Media Group: NP News Chief Editor |url=https://elevenmyanmar.com/news/u-maung-weik-bribed-a-patek-philippe-watch-to-former-yangon-chief-minister-u-phyo-min-thein |work=[[Eleven Media Group]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=18 December 2023 |title=ကျော်မျိုးမင်းက မင်းအောင်လှိုင်ကို စကားလုံးကြမ်းကြမ်းတွေနဲ့ဝေဖန်သယောင်ဖြန့်ဝေတဲ့ အကြောင်းအရာ |url=https://www.boommyanmar.com/fake-news/misinformation-that-supporter-criticized-the-military-leader-23855 |work=BOOM Myanmar}}</ref> Kyaw Myo Min was awarded the Media Professional Excellence Award by Season Media in Nepal for his contributions to journalism.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NP News’ CE receives Media Professional Excellence Award by Nepal |url=https://npnewsmm.com/news/6530ee964a99dc239b6f287a |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=npnewsmm.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1 October 2024 |title=On the other side, there are calls for retaliatory violence. On September 26, prominent pro-junta news outlet NP News broadcast on Telegram a rant by its founder U Kyaw Myo Min. He called on military supporters to counter groups like the Chinland Defence Force-Hakha, which pledged to fire on civil servants involved in the census. "Don't hesitate. Just shoot them down," Kyaw Myo Min said. "Or you will die… Make apologies later… Say sorry later if you were wrong." |url=https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/myanmars-census-is-a-blunt-counterinsurgency-tool/ |work=[[Frontier Myanmar]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=14 March 2023 |title=ယနေ့ ‌မတ်လ ၁၄ ရက်နေ့အတွင်းဖြစ်ပွားခဲ့တဲ့ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံရေးသတင်းများနဲ့ နိုင်ငံတကာမှ သတင်းထူးများ |url=https://npnewsmm.com/videos/641074e36257726a581fc863 |work=NP News}}</ref> == Personal life == Details about Kyaw Myo Min's personal life are not publicly available.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nay Thit |date=16 January 2024 |title='လက်နက်ချသည်' ဆိုသည့် စကားကို သုံးရသောကြောင့် ရှက်ကြောင်း၊ စစ်သား ၂,၀၀၀ ကျော်နှင့် မိသားစုဝင် ၁,၀၀၀ ကျော် လက်နက်ချသောကြောင့် မကျေနပ်ကြောင်း စစ်ကောင်စီ ထောက်ခံသူ ကျော်မျိုးမင်းက သူ၏ NP News တယ်လီဂရမ်တွင် ပြောသည်။ |url=https://burma.irrawaddy.com/news/2024/01/16/378505.html |work=[[The Irrawaddy]]}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://npnewsmm.com/ npnewsmm.com] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:21st-century Burmese people]] [[Category:Burmese journalists]] [[Category:21st-century journalists]] [[Category:Pages created with the Article Wizard from 2025]] jtfpafu1p69lxm9su1zilsr0buqvlzv 0 1177433 10368347 10152967 2025-07-02T22:11:40Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 1) added the missing-citation tag on the top due to no reference; 2) grammar: doubled redundant "the" displayed next to each other 10368347 wikitext text/x-wiki {{noref|time=July 2025}} '''RKO Network Inc.''', also known as the '''RKO Network''' and simply '''RKO''', is an American commercial broadcast television network owned by the [[RKO Networks Group]] division of [[RKO Media]]. The network is headquartered in {{W|New York City}} (at [[RKO Square New York]]), with additional production facilities in {{W|Los Angeles}} (at [[RKO Square Los Angeles]]). == History == === Origins === Throughout the mid-20th century, [[Radio-Keith-Orpheum]] sought to launch its own television network to compete with the {{W|DuMont Television Network|DuMont}} and {{W|Paramount Television Network|Paramount}} networks, a fight which itself was part of a larger competition with {{W|American Broadcasting Company|ABC}}, {{W|CBS}}, and {{W|NBC}}. However, the company struggled to enter the television broadcasting industry due to its ownership constantly shuffling and frequent financial issues. Both DuMont and Paramount were shut down in 1956, Despite the problems Radio-Keith-Orpheum had at the time, it saw the situation as advantageous. [[Robert F. Parker]], the chairman of the company at the time, immediately began planning to launch a television network. However, plans were delayed when Radio-Keith-Orpheum was split into [[RCA-Scripps]] and [[RKO Enterprises]], followed by the sudden death of CEO [[Francis Jergens]]. Preparing for the oncoming network launch, RKO Enterprises launched [[WRKO-TV]] in {{W|New York City}}, {{W|New York (state)|New York}} on January 6, 1957; it was followed not long after by the April 29, 1957 launch of [[KRKO-TV]] in {{W|Los Angeles}}, {{W|California}}. === 1958–1966: Launch and early years === The network itself was launched on August 28, 1958, just in time for the 1958–59 television season. Its first telecast was at 8:00 pm EDT, which was a live broadcast of then-chairman of RKO Enterprises [[Roger F. Larson]] in RKO's New York studios inaugurating the network. In his 1994 book ''Radio-Screen-Program: The Story of the RKO Network'', Larson describes the only network-wide programming as "idents, promos showing what was to come, and some more of those idents". In its early years, RKO was an innovative and creative network. It broadcast programs across numerous genres, many of which were produced by RKO Television Productions (now [[RKO Pictures Television]]). The network also pioneered in television shows aimed at minority audiences and featuring minority performers, which was very uncommon at the time. Among these programs were ''[[The Janice Howard Show]]'', a talk show starring African American actress [[Janice Howard]]; ''[[The Stevie & Tommy Hour]]'', a variety show hosted by Native American comedic duo [[Stevie Whitcombe|Stephen "Stevie" Whitcombe]] and [[Tommy Fasthorse|Thomas "Tommy" Fasthorse]]; and ''[[Eddie and Carlos]]'', a sitcom starring Cuban American actor/comedian [[Luis Diego Gomez]] and Mexican-American actor [[Javier Derbez]]. In addition, it broadcast the TV version of [[The Tumblers]]' sketch comedy show. A lot of early RKO Network programming was recorded in {{W|Chicago}} at [[WGKI-TV]] to cut costs. As of June 1966, the network already had 143 stations nationwide, ten of which were owned-and-operated. RKO Enterprises ultimately saw it as profitable, which led to [[RCA-Scripps]] wanting its own broadcast television network. RKO Enterprises and RCA-Scripps were reportedly in talks about merging the RKO Network with RCA-Scripps' network, but in the end, nothing came out of their discussions. === 1966–1982: Rising viewership, differentiation in programming === The 1966–67 television season saw RKO experience an unexpected rise in viewership, possibly due to seven new stations joining the network. Another cited reason is the premiere of the popular sci-fi comedy series ''[[Aliens Abroad]]'', which many sources call one of RKO's best series of all time. Now considered a "classic", it ran for six seasons until 1972, which at the time was considered long for an RKO show. This season also saw the premiere of the popular sitcom ''[[The Morgan Hewitt Show]]'', starring actor and comedian [[Morgan Hewitt]]. The late 1960s and early 1970s saw an even greater expansion of its audience, caused in part by long runners such as ''Aliens Abroad'', ''[[Southern Country]]'' (1969–1978), ''[[One Family]]'' (1969–present), ''[[The Peter Quimby Show]]'' (1970–1980), and ''[[MacArthur]]'' (1973–1983). On September 22, 1968, [[George Beckingham]] became the anchor of ''[[RKO National News]]'', continuing his run as one of the most popular and trusted news anchors in the United States throughout his tenure. In 1970, [[Thomas Theodore]], the President of the RKO Network since 1966, left the network; his position was left to former Vice President [[Kevin Levitz]]. According to his autobiography ''The Story of Me, Kevin Levitz'', he sought to diversify the RKO lineup for the 1970–71 season, specifically by adding game shows, soap operas, and more variety shows. That season, RKO began airing ''[[The Five Grand Quiz]]'', a game show; ''[[Family and Friends]]'', a long-running daytime soap opera; and ''[[Laughs and Music]]'', a variety show that was canceled after two seasons. During the "Levitz era" of the early to mid-1970s, some RKO stations in mini-major markets <!-- insert list here --> did away the network and became independent stations. RKO attempted to bring them back by airing {{W|Saturday morning cartoons}} during the 1975–76 season, prompting many remaining stations to "reshuffle" their schedules to air more news programming late at night. Overall, it created a corporate disaster that brought the entire network's ratings down and resulted in more stations <!-- insert list here --> leaving the network. Levitz "left the network in shame" in August 1976, and was replaced by [[John S. McLean]]. McLean significantly changed the network's stations' program schedule to primarily locally produced content in the morning and early evening. He was also responsible for choosing the network's new slogan, "The One to Watch", for the 1976–77 TV season. The campaign would also be used for the 1977–78, 1978–79, 1979–80, and 1980–81 seasons. The 1981–82 season saw the slogan change to "The One for You". Ratings success continued on for the next few years, including shows such as ''[[Beginnings (TV series)|Beginnings]]'' (1979–present). === 1982–1992: "The '80s Network" and subsequent reparations === In September 1982, ahead of the 1982–83 season, RKO received a major rebrand. It was given the nickname "The '80s Network", and the idents and promos were all "modernized" for the 1980s, using {{W|synthwave}} music and neon graphics. During this period, President John S. McLean canceled many popular shows on the network—most notably the sitcoms ''[[Roberta]]'' (1977–1982) and ''[[The Nicolsons]]'' (1979-1982), the sci-fi action series ''[[Battleship]]'' (1979–1983), and the fantasy drama ''[[Cinderella (1980 TV series)|Cinderella]]'' (1980–1984)—were canceled for not being "cool" or "fresh" enough for the 1980s. (''Cinderella'' would later be renewed for a fifth and final season in {{W|broadcast syndication|syndication}}, and ''The Nicolsons'' would be picked up by {{W|CBS}} and run for three more seasons there.) RKO was extensively criticized for these changes, as they were often cited as misguided attempts at remaining "relevant". Individual shows, along with the idents and promos, were also criticized for their loud music and gaudy graphics. The situation became so severe that John S. McLean received death threats commanding him to revert the network to its previous state. The 1982–83 season saw ratings decrease significantly, in part due to trendy new shows that were "made for the '80s" pushing attention away from RKO and toward other networks. At this point, the network's structure was further divided, with media proprietor [[Lester MacGregor]] becoming the president of the entertainment division. Most of the network's programming was sitcoms at this point due to all the cancellations, but MacGregor sought to fix this issue by picking up more dramas, talk shows, and variety shows. MacGregor did not believe in the idea of cancelling shows the moment ratings dropped; rather, he believed moving shows' time slots could improve viewership. For example, the first season of the medical drama series ''[[Dr. Stark]]'' aired Mondays at 10:00 p.m. {{W|Eastern Time Zone|Eastern Time}}, and suffered from low ratings. However, the second season was broadcast Tuesdays at 9:00 p.m., where ratings skyrocketed; the show itself received critical acclaim afterward. For the upcoming 1986–87 season, MacGregor also wanted those trendy "modern" shows cancelled; ''[[Harvey & Eddie]]'', one of the few McLean-era shows to be a total success, survived this culling and ran until 1995. Instead, the network saw the fall premieres of two popular shows: the science fiction series ''[[Earth Force One]]'' and the Saturday night talk show ''[[The Winston Grayson Show]]''. This success continued into the late 1980s and early 1990s with ''[[Bernadette]]'' (1988–1997), ''[[The Potters]]'' (1990–1998), ''[[First Class]]'' (1988–1996), ''[[Legalese]]'' (1990–1997), ''[[Locally Grown]]'' (1987–1994), ''[[Vicente (TV series)|Vicente]]'' (1987–1991), the daytime soap opera ''[[All Day (TV series)|All Day]]'' (1990–present), and the teen drama ''[[Arborville High (1988 TV series)|Arborville High]]'' (1988–1993), the first series in the long-running ''[[Arborville]]'' franchise. In 1986, RKO began a tradition of airing the film ''{{W|The NeverEnding Story (film)|The NeverEnding Story}}'' on {{W|New Year's Day}}, a decision made by MacGregor, who had seen the movie during its original theatrical run and was greatly moved by it. In 1988, RKO Network began broadcasting the annual [[Golden Note Awards]] show. === 1992–2005: The Barbeau era === In 1992, MacGregor left the RKO Network as the result of longtime disputes between him and chairman [[Alvin Kohler]], who died later that year. MacGregor was succeeded by [[Damien Barbeau]]. Kohler's position was later taken by [[Robert Gayle III]]. Barbeau maintained his position for a record-breaking 13 years, leaving the network in 2005. The MacGregor-era hits were reaching the ends of their runs, which made Barbeau extremely nervous. However, not long before he left, MacGregor ordered a 22-episode first season of a sitcom called ''[[Fukunaga]]'' starring comedian [[George Fukunaga]]. Barbeau initially feared that the show would be unsuccessful because its serialized storytelling and all-Asian main cast would turn viewers away. Fukunaga mistakenly accused Barbeau of racism, but Barbeau then clarified that he was accepting of such a show and "the viewers are the problem". However, the series' September 1992 premiere was extremely successful; the show was among RKO's ten most-watched series during its second through eighth seasons from 1993 to 2000, with the [[Fukunaga (season 8)|eighth season]] being RKO's highest-rated scripted series during the 1999–2000 network television season. The dark fantasy drama ''[[Nightfall (TV series)|Nightfall]]'' (1996–2003), which premiered in September 1996, was one of the network's most-watched drama series and helped inspire future vampire and werewolf fiction. The network saw further ratings success with the September 1997 premiere of the science fiction drama ''[[Enigma Beach]]'', which emerged as one of the most-watched shows in the network's history. The [[Pilot (Enigma Beach)|pilot episode]] alone garnered 28.9 million viewers, and "[[Conclusion (Enigma Beach)|Conclusion]]", the series finale, had an audience of 38.6 million viewers. ''[[Brandi (TV series)|Brandi]]'', a ''Harvey & Eddie'' spin-off focusing on Harvey Stephens' niece Brandi, also premiered in September 1997 and became hugely successful, running until 2001. September 1998 saw the debuts of the sitcoms ''[[Shake, Rattle & Roll (TV series)|Shake, Rattle & Roll]]'' (1998–2006), an adaptation of the British sitcom ''Goodnight Sweetheart''; ''[[Arborville: Senior Year]]'' (1998–2002), the third series in the ''Arborville'' franchise; ''[[The Auctioneers (TV series)|The Auctioneers]]'' (1998–2006), a comedy-drama starring [[Stewart Cardinal|Stewart]] and [[Michael Kirkland]] as a father-and-son auctioneer duo; and ''[[Helena (TV series)|Helena]]'' (1998–2003), a sitcom starring comedian [[Helena Stevens]] and taking place on the set of a fictional North Carolina morning television show, to ratings success, with the former running for eight seasons and the latter becoming the network's highest-rated sitcom by the end of its run. In September 1999, RKO premiered the sitcom ''[[South of Something]]'', a vehicle for teen idol [[Rebecca Summerhayes]], which became successful in the ratings and ran until 2005. Unfortunately for RKO, the end of the 1990s also brought about quite a few blunders. The sitcom ''[[Marcella]]''—despite being heavily promoted in the weeks leading up to its January 1997 premiere—was cancelled after one 13-episode season due to "anomalously low" ratings. Medical drama ''[[The Docs]]'' and science fiction drama ''[[Superhuman]]'', both of which premiered in September 1997, received full-length first seasons but were cancelled thereafter; the former drew in low ratings and the latter was too expensive to continue being produced. The sitcom ''[[Antonio's]]'', which premiered in October 1998, garnered fluctuating viewership and caused controversy for its stereotypical portrayal of Italian Americans. It was cancelled after only 11 episodes aired, leaving two of its 13 produced episodes unaired. The action series ''[[Showdown]]'' was the least watched show among the Big Five networks—NBC, CBS, ABC, {{W|Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox}}, and RKO—during the evening of its January 1999 premiere, was panned by critics, and has been labeled one of the worst TV series of the 1990s. It only ran for 13 of its 18 produced episodes, and the episodes themselves were broadcast completely out of order. Even outside of programming, the network was having problems. In May 1998, {{W|Microsoft|Microsoft Corporation}} controversially acquired a 75% stake in [[RKO Media]], the network's parent and a successor to RKO Enterprises, from then-parent company [[WJT Enterprises]], which led to constant leadership shakeups and company leaders taking roles unannounced. In December of that year, RKO "forcefully" acquired the Spanish-language television network [[LSN]] for $1.6 billion. The acquisition by Microsoft was followed by constant layoffs and "subsequent absolute chaos". In order to prevent further internal chaos, drastic behind-the-scenes changes at RKO Media were set to take place in order to cool down tensions. [[Hal Glenn]], owner and president of [[RKO Resorts & Hotels]], ended up buying RKO Media by the end of September 2001, reuniting RKO General's former media and hospitality assets. Following the RKO Holdings takeover, things began to improve for the RKO Network. In September 2000, RKO's children's programming block rebranded as ''[[RKO KidShow]]'', with the block adding both newly-created [[RKO Animation Studios]] productions and acquired programming, mainly shows from {{W|Nickelodeon}}. A new slate of programming was announced for the 2001-02 season, including ''[[Order! (TV series)|Order!]]'' (2001–2004), a sitcom taking place on the set of a fictional arbitration-based reality court show, and ''[[Moonshadow (TV series)|Moonshadow]]'' (2001–2005), a ''Nightfall'' spinoff. Midway through the 2002-03 season, RKO picked up a Canadian series named ''{{W|Trailer Park Boys}}'' as a mid-season replacement. Although censored to meet a TV-14-DLSV rating, it proved to be an unexpected success for the network, often being considered a "favorite" series for their Friday night comedy block, and also began airing uncensored on sister cable channel [[RKOx]]. The 2003-04 season saw the debut of ''[[Commandant (TV series)|Commandant]]'' (2003–2009), a political drama which was one of the most successful series in RKO Network history, both ratings-wise and with critics, by the time it concluded, and the police procedural ''[[Boys in Blue (TV series)|Boys in Blue]]'' (2003–2013), which launched the [[Boys in Blue (franchise)|''Boys in Blue'' franchise]]; as well as that of the teen drama ''[[Arborville: The Next Class]]'' (2003–2008), which marked several changes for the ''Arborville'' franchise, including being the first series to be produced by {{W|Fremantle (company)|FremantleMedia}} from the start, the first to be filmed in {{W|South Africa}} and the first to use a "telenovela" format in the summer months. The anthology crime drama ''[[Lawbreakers]]'' also reached tens of millions of viewers per episode—the highest-rated episode, "[[Anthony (Lawbreakers)|Anthony]]", hit 21.4 million viewers in its original broadcast—but saw a sharp decline in viewership after its first six seasons. For the 2004-05 season, RKO premiered three new sitcoms. The first of these, ''[[Judith Lyons' Hometown Heroes]]'', was created and produced by [[Judith Lyons]] and made at her {{W|Texas}} studio, and became an immediate success, becoming the second-highest rated show in RKO's Friday night sitcom block and running until 2012. ''[[The Royles]]'', an adaptation of the British sitcom ''{{W|The Royle Family}}'', was also successful, running until 2010. Finally, ''[[Pastor Sally]]'', an adaptation of the British sitcom ''{{W|The Vicar of Dibley}}'', was also successful, running until 2008. Around this time, the network also began broadcasting prime time coverage of {{W|NFL}} games, which helped boost the popularity of their [[RKO Sports]] division and boosted the network's overall primetime ratings. qnto08todn0a2xmu6sapv79s86aavw4 0 1177759 10367582 10367200 2025-07-02T12:10:33Z 31.203.131.34 10367582 wikitext text/x-wiki This is a list of programmes currently shown on [[Channel 5 (British TV channel)|Channel 5]]'s [[programming block]], [[Milkshake!]] in the United Kingdom. ==Programming== ===Current programming=== * ''[[The Adventures of Paddington (2019 TV series)|The Adventures of Paddington]]'' * ''[[Ben & Holly's Little Kingdom]]'' * ''Brave Bunnies'' * ''Circle Square'' * ''Cooking with the Gills'' * ''[[Daisy & Ollie|Daisy and Ollie]]'' * ''[[Fireman Sam]]'' * ''Go Green With The Grimwades'' * ''[[Kangaroo Beach]] '' * ''[[Kid-E-Cats]]'' * ''Meet the Experts'' * ''Meet the Hedgehogs'' * ''Milkshake! Monkey'' * ''Milkshake! Story Den'' * ''Milkshake! Summer Fun'' * ''Mimi's World'' * The Wiggles''MixMups''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kidscreen.com/2022/03/17/milkshake-adds-mixmups-and-its-blend-of-diverse-preschool-play/ |title=Archive » Milkshake! adds MixMups and its blend of diverse preschool play |publisher=Kidscreen |date=17 March 2022 |accessdate=23 March 2022}}</ref> * ''Odo'' * ''[[Oggy Oggy]]'' * ''[[Peppa Pig]]'' * ''Pop Paper City'' * ''[[Pip and Posy]]'' * ''Pirata and Capitano'' * ''Reu and Harper's Wonderworld''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.kidscreen.com/2023/04/24/milkshake-tackles-multiculturalism-with-a-new-playdate-series/ | title=Milkshake! tackles multiculturalism with a new playdate series }}</ref> * ''Show Me How'' * ''[[Sunny Bunnies]]'' * ''The World According to Grandpa'' * ''[[Thomas & Friends]]'' * ''Tweedy and Fluff''<ref name="animationmagazine1">{{cite web | url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/channel-5s-milkshake-sets-kids-slate-at-cmc/ | title=Channel 5's Milkshake! Sets Kids Slate at CMC | date=6 July 2022 }}</ref> ====Programming from Nick Jr. (U.S.)==== * ''[[Abby Hatcher]]'' * ''[[Baby Shark's Big Show!]]'' * ''[[Blaze and the Monster Machines]]'' * ''[[Blue's Clues & You!]]'' * ''[[Bubble Guppies]]'' * ''[[Dora the Explorer (TV series)|Dora the Explorer]]'' (season 7 only) * ''[[Paw Patrol]]'' * ''[[Rubble & Crew]]'' * ''[[Santiago of the Seas]]'' * ''[[Rusty Rivets]]'' (2017–2019) * ''[[Ryan's Mystery Playdate]]'' (2020) * ''[[Shimmer and Shine]]'' * ''[[Sunny Day (TV series)|Sunny Day]]'' (2019–2020) * ''[[Top Wing]]'' ====Other acquired programming==== * ''[[Chip and Potato]]''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3400wdbZLoE | title=- YouTube | website=[[YouTube]] }}</ref> * ''[[Mecha Builders]]''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.c21media.net/news/channel-5s-milkshake-picks-up-sesame-street-animated-spin-off-mecha-builders/ | title=Channel 5's Milkshake! Picks up Sesame Street animated spin-off Mecha Builders }}</ref> * ''[[Milo (TV series)|Milo]]'' * ''[[Noddy, Toyland Detective]]'' * ''[[Ricky Zoom]]'' * ''[[Thomas & Friends: All Engines Go]]'' ===Upcoming programming=== * ''[[Thomas & Friends: Incredible Engines]]'' (2026) * ''Stan and Gran'' (TBA)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kidscreen.com/2023/07/05/channel-5s-milkshake-serves-up-three-new-series/|title=Channel 5's Milkshake! serves up three new series}}</ref> ===Former programming=== * ''[[The Adventures of Sinbad]]'' * ''[[The Adventures of the Bush Patrol]]'' * ''Angels of Jarm'' (2007-2017) * ''Anytime Tales'' * ''[[Atlantis High]]'' * ''Audrey and Friends'' (2002) * ''Aussie Antics'' * ''[[Batman: The Brave and the Bold]]'' * ''Beachcomber Bay'' * ''[[The Beeps]]'' (2007–2015) * ''The Beginner's Bible'' * ''[[Beyblade (manga)|Beyblade]]'' * ''Big School'' (2007–2013) * ''Bird Bath'' * ''[[Blue Water High]]'' * ''[[Bob the Builder (2015 TV series)|Bob the Builder]]'' (2015-2021) (now on [[LittleBe]]) * ''Boyz and Girlz'' * ''[[Braceface]]'' * ''[[Butterbean's Café]]'' * ''Castle Farm'' (2010–2014) * ''[[City of Friends]]'' * ''Collecting Things'' * ''Cowboyz and Cowgirlz'' * ''[[Dan Dare: Pilot of the Future (TV series)|Dan Dare: Pilot of the Future]]'' * ''[[Dappledown Farm]]'' (1997-2004) * ''The Day Henry Met…'' * ''[[Deepwater Black]]'' * ''Demolition Dad'' * ''[[Dig & Dug with Daisy]]'' * ''[[Don't Blame Me (TV series)|Don't Blame the Koalas]]'' * ''[[Dora and Friends: Into the City!]]'' * ''[[Dragon Booster]]'' * ''[[Duel Masters]]'' * ''Enchanted Tales'' * ''[[The Enid Blyton Adventure Series]]'' * ''Eric Carle Stories'' * ''Family!'' * ''[[Fat Dog Mendoza]]'' * ''[[Floogals]]'' * ''Funky Town'' * ''Funky Valley'' * ''[[Gadget & the Gadgetinis]]'' * ''[[Gerald McBoing-Boing (TV series)|Gerald McBoing-Boing]]'' (2005–2016) * ''Gigglebug'' * ''[[Groundling Marsh]]'' * ''[[Hana's Helpline]]'' * ''[[Havakazoo]]'' * ''[[Igam Ogam]]'' * ''Insect Antics'' * ''[[James the Cat]]'' (1998 series) * ''[[KaBlam!]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ETBHpHkX0AAH2Gq?format=jpg&name=4096x4096|title=RadioTimes, 13-19 March 1999 (Saturday 13 March)|access-date=9 November 2021|archive-date=9 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109024120/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ETBHpHkX0AAH2Gq?format=jpg&name=4096x4096|url-status=live}}</ref> * ''Klootz'' * ''[[Land of the Lost (1991 TV series)|Land of the Lost]]'' * ''[[Lassie (1954 TV series)|Lassie]]'' * ''[[Lily's Driftwood Bay]]'' (2015–2017) (now on [[LittleBe]]) * ''[[The Littl' Bits]]'' * ''Little Antics'' * ''Little Lodgers'' (2007-2016) * ''[[Little Princess (British TV series)|Little Princess]]'' * ''Loggerheads'' * ''[[Looney Tunes]]'' * ''[[Luo Bao Bei]]'' * ''[[Max Steel (2000 TV series)|Max Steel]]'' * ''MechaNick'' * ''[[Mega Babies]]'' * ''The Milky and Shake Show'' (2008–2011) * ''Milkshake! Bop Box'' (2009–2020) * ''Milkshake! Bopping About'' (2017–?) * ''A Milkshake! Christmas'' * ''Milkshake! Festive Fun'' * ''Milkshake! Music Box'' * ''Milkshake! Bop Box Boogie'' (2020–2021) * ''The Milkshake! Show'' (2007–2016) * ''Milkshake! Show Songs'' * ''A Milkshake! Summer'' * ''[[Mirror, Mirror (TV series)|Mirror, Mirror]]'' * ''Mist: Sheepdog Tales'' (2007–2015) * ''Monkey Makes'' * ''[[Mofy]]'' * ''Mya Go'' * ''[[Nella the Princess Knight]]'' (2017–2020) * ''[[Olivia (TV series)|Olivia]]'' * ''[[Oswald (TV series)|Oswald]]'' (2002–2009) * ''The Secret Life of Kittens'' * ''[[Slugterra]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://toyworldmag.co.uk/slugterra-premieres-on-channel-5/|title=Slugterra premieres on Channel 5|website=Toy World Magazine &#124; The business magazine with a passion for toys|date=15 August 2013|access-date=21 March 2020|archive-date=21 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321094621/https://toyworldmag.co.uk/slugterra-premieres-on-channel-5/|url-status=live}}</ref> * ''[[Snobs (TV series)|Snobs]]'' * ''Softies'' * ''Shane the Chef'' * ''[[Stickin' Around]]'' * ''[[Strange Dawn]]'' * ''[[ThunderCats (2011 TV series)|ThunderCats]]'' * ''TREX'' * ''[[The Tribe (1999 TV series)|The Tribe]]'' * ''[[True Jackson, VP]]''<ref name="web.archive.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.channel5.com/shows/shake|title=Shake! &#124; Channel 5|date=7 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807090213/http://www.channel5.com/shows/shake|archive-date=7 August 2011}}</ref> * ''[[USA High]]'' * ''[[Wanda and the Alien (TV series)|Wanda and the Alien]]'' (2014–2018) * ''[[What-a-Mess]]'' * ''What Makes Me Happy'' * ''When I Grow Up'' * ''Why!'' * ''[[Wil Cwac Cwac]]'' * ''[[The Wind in the Willows (TV series)|The Wind in the Willows]]'' * ''[[Wissper]]'' * ''[[Wizards of Waverly Place]]'' * ''[[The Wonder Years]]'' * ''Woolamaloo'' * ''[[The WotWots]]'' (2009–2017) ====Programming from Cartoon Network (U.S.)==== * ''[[The Powerpuff Girls]]'' (1998 series) ====Programming from Playhouse Disney (U.S.)==== * ''[[Bear in the Big Blue House]]'' (2000–2007) * ''[[The Book of Pooh]]'' (2002–2008) ====Other acquired programming==== * ''A House That's Just Like Yours'' * ''[[Abby's Flying Fairy School]]'' (2010–2015) * ''[[Adventures from the Book of Virtues]]'' * ''[[The Adventures of Bottle Top Bill and His Best Friend Corky|The Adventures of Bottle Top Bill]]'' * ''[[Alvin and the Chipmunks (1983 TV series)|Alvin and the Chipmunks]]'' * ''Animal Antics'' * ''Animal Express'' * ''Animal Families'' * ''Animal Xtremes'' * ''[[Babar (TV series)|Babar]]'' * ''[[Bananas in Pyjamas]]'' (2012–2017) * ''[[Beast Wars: Transformers]]'' * ''[[Becca's Bunch]]'' * ''[[Chloe's Closet]]'' (2012–2017) (now on [[LittleBe]]) * ''Chiro and Friends'' (2008–2013) * ''[[Digby Dragon]]'' * ''[[Ebb and Flo]]'' * ''[[Fifi and the Flowertots]]'' (2005–2014) * ''[[Franklin (TV series)|Franklin]]'' (2002–2009) * ''[[Harry and His Bucket Full of Dinosaurs]]'' (2005–2014) * ''[[Havakazoo]]'' * ''[[Hi-5 (Australian TV series)|Hi-5]]'' (2002–mid late 2008) * ''[[James the Cat]]'' * ''[[Jane and the Dragon (TV series)|Jane and the Dragon]]'' * ''[[Jelly Jamm]]'' (2012–2016) * ''[[LazyTown]]'' (2013–2016) * ''[[Maple Town]]'' * ''[[Mio Mao]]'' (2004–2017) * ''[[Miss Spider's Sunny Patch Friends]]'' * ''[[The Mr. Men Show]]'' * ''[[Mr. Men and Little Miss]]'' * ''[[Muppet Babies (1984 TV series)|Muppet Babies]]'' * ''Noddy in Toyland'' (2009–2021) * ''Nosey'' * ''Number Adventures'' * ''[[Old Bear Stories]]'' * ''Olive the Ostrich'' * ''[[Olly the Little White Van]]'' (2011–2018) * ''[[PB Bear and Friends]]'' * ''Pets!'' * ''[[Pip Ahoy!]]'' (2014–2018) (now on [[LittleBe]]) * ''[[Pingu]]'' (2017–2018) (now on [[Sky Kids (TV channel)|Sky Kids]]) * ''[[Plonsters]]'' * ''Play!'' * ''[[Pocoyo]]'' (2005–2011) * ''[[Poko (TV series)|Poko]]'' * ''[[Poppy Cat]]'' (2017–2018) * ''[[Postman Pat]] '' (2000–2009) (now on [[CBeebies]]) * ''[[Popular (TV series)|Popular]]'' * ''[[Power Rangers]]'' * ''[[Power Rangers Megaforce]]'' * ''[[Power Rangers Samurai]]'' * ''[[Puffin Rock]]'' * ''[[Roary the Racing Car]]'' (2007–2018) * ''[[Rolie Polie Olie]]'' (2002–2008) * ''[[Roobarb|Roobarb/Roobarb and Custard Too]]'' (2005–2013, 2016) * ''[[Rupert Bear, Follow the Magic...]]'' * ''Sailor Sid'' * ''Sandy and Mr. Flapper'' * ''[[The Save-Ums!]]'' (2003–2015) * ''Say it with Noddy'' (2005–2009) * ''Seaside Antics'' * ''[[Secret Life of Toys]]'' * ''The Secret of Eel Island'' * ''[[The Shoe People]]'' * ''[[The Singing Kettle]]'' (2001–2005) * ''[[Singled Out]]'' * ''Sister Said'' * ''[[Simon in the Land of Chalk Drawings]]'' (2002 version, 2003-2007) * ''[[Tickety Toc]]'' (now on [[Sky Kids (TV channel)|Sky Kids]]) * ''[[Tickle, Patch and Friends]]'' * ''Tiger, Tiger'' * ''[[Titch (TV series)|Titch]]'' * ''Toby's Travelling Circus'' * ''[[Toot the Tiny Tugboat]]'' * ''[[The Treacle People]]'' * ''[[The World of Peter Rabbit and Friends]]'' * ''[[Zack & Quack|Zack and Quack]]'' ====Programming originally produced for or aired on PBS Kids==== * ''[[Angelina Ballerina: The Next Steps]]'' (2011–2017) * ''[[Barney & Friends]]'' (2002–2007) * ''[[Bert and Ernie's Great Adventures]]'' (2008–2015) * ''[[Elmo's World]]'' (2002–2012) * ''[[Franny's Feet]]'' (2003–2009) * ''[[George Shrinks]]'' (2005-2011) * ''[[Jay Jay the Jet Plane]]'' (2002–2009) * ''[[Make Way for Noddy]]'' (2002–2016) * ''[[Wimzie's House]]'' ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:List of television series by network]] [[Category:Channel 5 (UK) television programmes]] [[Category:Children's entertainment]] nmlej6qlf5jw8ydfh8bwqyk0fx2ee8d 10367587 10367582 2025-07-02T12:12:12Z 31.203.131.34 10367587 wikitext text/x-wiki This is a list of programmes currently shown on [[Channel 5 (British TV channel)|Channel 5]]'s [[programming block]], [[Milkshake!]] in the United Kingdom. ==Programming== ===Current programming=== * ''[[The Adventures of Paddington (2019 TV series)|The Adventures of Paddington]]'' * ''[[Ben & Holly's Little Kingdom]]'' * ''Brave Bunnies'' * ''Circle Square'' * ''Cooking with the Gills'' * ''[[Daisy & Ollie|Daisy and Ollie]]'' * ''[[Fireman Sam]]'' * ''Go Green With The Grimwades'' * ''[[Kangaroo Beach]] '' * ''[[Kid-E-Cats]]'' * ''Meet the Experts'' * ''Meet the Hedgehogs'' * ''Milkshake! Monkey'' * ''Milkshake! Story Den'' * ''Milkshake! Summer Fun'' * ''Mimi's World'' * The Wiggles'<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kidscreen.com/2022/03/17/milkshake-adds-mixmups-and-its-blend-of-diverse-preschool-play/ |title=Archive » Milkshake! adds MixMups and its blend of diverse preschool play |publisher=Kidscreen |date=17 March 2022 |accessdate=23 March 2022}}</ref> * ''Odo'' * ''[[Oggy Oggy]]'' * ''[[Peppa Pig]]'' * ''Pop Paper City'' * ''[[Pip and Posy]]'' * ''Pirata and Capitano'' * ''Reu and Harper's Wonderworld''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.kidscreen.com/2023/04/24/milkshake-tackles-multiculturalism-with-a-new-playdate-series/ | title=Milkshake! tackles multiculturalism with a new playdate series }}</ref> * ''Show Me How'' * ''[[Sunny Bunnies]]'' * ''The World According to Grandpa'' * ''[[Thomas & Friends]]'' * ''Tweedy and Fluff''<ref name="animationmagazine1">{{cite web | url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/channel-5s-milkshake-sets-kids-slate-at-cmc/ | title=Channel 5's Milkshake! Sets Kids Slate at CMC | date=6 July 2022 }}</ref> ====Programming from Nick Jr. (U.S.)==== * ''[[Abby Hatcher]]'' * ''[[Baby Shark's Big Show!]]'' * ''[[Blaze and the Monster Machines]]'' * ''[[Blue's Clues & You!]]'' * ''[[Bubble Guppies]]'' * ''[[Dora the Explorer (TV series)|Dora the Explorer]]'' (season 7 only) * ''[[Paw Patrol]]'' * ''[[Rubble & Crew]]'' * ''[[Santiago of the Seas]]'' * ''[[Rusty Rivets]]'' (2017–2019) * ''[[Ryan's Mystery Playdate]]'' (2020) * ''[[Shimmer and Shine]]'' * ''[[Sunny Day (TV series)|Sunny Day]]'' (2019–2020) * ''[[Top Wing]]'' ====Other acquired programming==== * ''[[Chip and Potato]]''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3400wdbZLoE | title=- YouTube | website=[[YouTube]] }}</ref> * ''[[Mecha Builders]]''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.c21media.net/news/channel-5s-milkshake-picks-up-sesame-street-animated-spin-off-mecha-builders/ | title=Channel 5's Milkshake! Picks up Sesame Street animated spin-off Mecha Builders }}</ref> * ''[[Milo (TV series)|Milo]]'' * ''[[Noddy, Toyland Detective]]'' * ''[[Ricky Zoom]]'' * ''[[Thomas & Friends: All Engines Go]]'' ===Upcoming programming=== * ''[[Thomas & Friends: Incredible Engines]]'' (2026) * ''Stan and Gran'' (TBA)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kidscreen.com/2023/07/05/channel-5s-milkshake-serves-up-three-new-series/|title=Channel 5's Milkshake! serves up three new series}}</ref> ===Former programming=== * ''[[The Adventures of Sinbad]]'' * ''[[The Adventures of the Bush Patrol]]'' * ''Angels of Jarm'' (2007-2017) * ''Anytime Tales'' * ''[[Atlantis High]]'' * ''Audrey and Friends'' (2002) * ''Aussie Antics'' * ''[[Batman: The Brave and the Bold]]'' * ''Beachcomber Bay'' * ''[[The Beeps]]'' (2007–2015) * ''The Beginner's Bible'' * ''[[Beyblade (manga)|Beyblade]]'' * ''Big School'' (2007–2013) * ''Bird Bath'' * ''[[Blue Water High]]'' * ''[[Bob the Builder (2015 TV series)|Bob the Builder]]'' (2015-2021) (now on [[LittleBe]]) * ''Boyz and Girlz'' * ''[[Braceface]]'' * ''[[Butterbean's Café]]'' * ''Castle Farm'' (2010–2014) * ''[[City of Friends]]'' * ''Collecting Things'' * ''Cowboyz and Cowgirlz'' * ''[[Dan Dare: Pilot of the Future (TV series)|Dan Dare: Pilot of the Future]]'' * ''[[Dappledown Farm]]'' (1997-2004) * ''The Day Henry Met…'' * ''[[Deepwater Black]]'' * ''Demolition Dad'' * ''[[Dig & Dug with Daisy]]'' * ''[[Don't Blame Me (TV series)|Don't Blame the Koalas]]'' * ''[[Dora and Friends: Into the City!]]'' * ''[[Dragon Booster]]'' * ''[[Duel Masters]]'' * ''Enchanted Tales'' * ''[[The Enid Blyton Adventure Series]]'' * ''Eric Carle Stories'' * ''Family!'' * ''[[Fat Dog Mendoza]]'' * ''[[Floogals]]'' * ''Funky Town'' * ''Funky Valley'' * ''[[Gadget & the Gadgetinis]]'' * ''[[Gerald McBoing-Boing (TV series)|Gerald McBoing-Boing]]'' (2005–2016) * ''Gigglebug'' * ''[[Groundling Marsh]]'' * ''[[Hana's Helpline]]'' * ''[[Havakazoo]]'' * ''[[Igam Ogam]]'' * ''Insect Antics'' * ''[[James the Cat]]'' (1998 series) * ''[[KaBlam!]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ETBHpHkX0AAH2Gq?format=jpg&name=4096x4096|title=RadioTimes, 13-19 March 1999 (Saturday 13 March)|access-date=9 November 2021|archive-date=9 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109024120/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ETBHpHkX0AAH2Gq?format=jpg&name=4096x4096|url-status=live}}</ref> * ''Klootz'' * ''[[Land of the Lost (1991 TV series)|Land of the Lost]]'' * ''[[Lassie (1954 TV series)|Lassie]]'' * ''[[Lily's Driftwood Bay]]'' (2015–2017) (now on [[LittleBe]]) * ''[[The Littl' Bits]]'' * ''Little Antics'' * ''Little Lodgers'' (2007-2016) * ''[[Little Princess (British TV series)|Little Princess]]'' * ''Loggerheads'' * ''[[Looney Tunes]]'' * ''[[Luo Bao Bei]]'' * ''[[Max Steel (2000 TV series)|Max Steel]]'' * ''MechaNick'' * ''[[Mega Babies]]'' * ''The Milky and Shake Show'' (2008–2011) * ''Milkshake! Bop Box'' (2009–2020) * ''Milkshake! Bopping About'' (2017–?) * ''A Milkshake! Christmas'' * ''Milkshake! Festive Fun'' * ''Milkshake! Music Box'' * ''Milkshake! Bop Box Boogie'' (2020–2021) * ''The Milkshake! Show'' (2007–2016) * ''Milkshake! Show Songs'' * ''A Milkshake! Summer'' * ''[[Mirror, Mirror (TV series)|Mirror, Mirror]]'' * ''Mist: Sheepdog Tales'' (2007–2015) * ''Monkey Makes'' * ''[[Mofy]]'' * ''Mya Go'' * ''[[Nella the Princess Knight]]'' (2017–2020) * ''[[Olivia (TV series)|Olivia]]'' * ''[[Oswald (TV series)|Oswald]]'' (2002–2009) * ''The Secret Life of Kittens'' * ''[[Slugterra]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://toyworldmag.co.uk/slugterra-premieres-on-channel-5/|title=Slugterra premieres on Channel 5|website=Toy World Magazine &#124; The business magazine with a passion for toys|date=15 August 2013|access-date=21 March 2020|archive-date=21 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321094621/https://toyworldmag.co.uk/slugterra-premieres-on-channel-5/|url-status=live}}</ref> * ''[[Snobs (TV series)|Snobs]]'' * ''Softies'' * ''Shane the Chef'' * ''[[Stickin' Around]]'' * ''[[Strange Dawn]]'' * ''[[ThunderCats (2011 TV series)|ThunderCats]]'' * ''TREX'' * ''[[The Tribe (1999 TV series)|The Tribe]]'' * ''[[True Jackson, VP]]''<ref name="web.archive.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.channel5.com/shows/shake|title=Shake! &#124; Channel 5|date=7 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807090213/http://www.channel5.com/shows/shake|archive-date=7 August 2011}}</ref> * ''[[USA High]]'' * ''[[Wanda and the Alien (TV series)|Wanda and the Alien]]'' (2014–2018) * ''[[What-a-Mess]]'' * ''What Makes Me Happy'' * ''When I Grow Up'' * ''Why!'' * ''[[Wil Cwac Cwac]]'' * ''[[The Wind in the Willows (TV series)|The Wind in the Willows]]'' * ''[[Wissper]]'' * ''[[Wizards of Waverly Place]]'' * ''[[The Wonder Years]]'' * ''Woolamaloo'' * ''[[The WotWots]]'' (2009–2017) ====Programming from Cartoon Network (U.S.)==== * ''[[The Powerpuff Girls]]'' (1998 series) ====Programming from Playhouse Disney (U.S.)==== * ''[[Bear in the Big Blue House]]'' (2000–2007) * ''[[The Book of Pooh]]'' (2002–2008) ====Other acquired programming==== * ''A House That's Just Like Yours'' * ''[[Abby's Flying Fairy School]]'' (2010–2015) * ''[[Adventures from the Book of Virtues]]'' * ''[[The Adventures of Bottle Top Bill and His Best Friend Corky|The Adventures of Bottle Top Bill]]'' * ''[[Alvin and the Chipmunks (1983 TV series)|Alvin and the Chipmunks]]'' * ''Animal Antics'' * ''Animal Express'' * ''Animal Families'' * ''Animal Xtremes'' * ''[[Babar (TV series)|Babar]]'' * ''[[Bananas in Pyjamas]]'' (2012–2017) * ''[[Beast Wars: Transformers]]'' * ''[[Becca's Bunch]]'' * ''[[Chloe's Closet]]'' (2012–2017) (now on [[LittleBe]]) * ''Chiro and Friends'' (2008–2013) * ''[[Digby Dragon]]'' * ''[[Ebb and Flo]]'' * ''[[Fifi and the Flowertots]]'' (2005–2014) * ''[[Franklin (TV series)|Franklin]]'' (2002–2009) * ''[[Harry and His Bucket Full of Dinosaurs]]'' (2005–2014) * ''[[Havakazoo]]'' * ''[[Hi-5 (Australian TV series)|Hi-5]]'' (2002–mid late 2008) * ''[[James the Cat]]'' * ''[[Jane and the Dragon (TV series)|Jane and the Dragon]]'' * ''[[Jelly Jamm]]'' (2012–2016) * ''[[LazyTown]]'' (2013–2016) * ''[[Maple Town]]'' * ''[[Mio Mao]]'' (2004–2017) * ''[[Miss Spider's Sunny Patch Friends]]'' * ''[[The Mr. Men Show]]'' * ''[[Mr. Men and Little Miss]]'' * ''[[Muppet Babies (1984 TV series)|Muppet Babies]]'' * ''Noddy in Toyland'' (2009–2021) * ''Nosey'' * ''Number Adventures'' * ''[[Old Bear Stories]]'' * ''Olive the Ostrich'' * ''[[Olly the Little White Van]]'' (2011–2018) * ''[[PB Bear and Friends]]'' * ''Pets!'' * ''[[Pip Ahoy!]]'' (2014–2018) (now on [[LittleBe]]) * ''[[Pingu]]'' (2017–2018) (now on [[Sky Kids (TV channel)|Sky Kids]]) * ''[[Plonsters]]'' * ''Play!'' * ''[[Pocoyo]]'' (2005–2011) * ''[[Poko (TV series)|Poko]]'' * ''[[Poppy Cat]]'' (2017–2018) * ''[[Postman Pat]] '' (2000–2009) (now on [[CBeebies]]) * ''[[Popular (TV series)|Popular]]'' * ''[[Power Rangers]]'' * ''[[Power Rangers Megaforce]]'' * ''[[Power Rangers Samurai]]'' * ''[[Puffin Rock]]'' * ''[[Roary the Racing Car]]'' (2007–2018) * ''[[Rolie Polie Olie]]'' (2002–2008) * ''[[Roobarb|Roobarb/Roobarb and Custard Too]]'' (2005–2013, 2016) * ''[[Rupert Bear, Follow the Magic...]]'' * ''Sailor Sid'' * ''Sandy and Mr. Flapper'' * ''[[The Save-Ums!]]'' (2003–2015) * ''Say it with Noddy'' (2005–2009) * ''Seaside Antics'' * ''[[Secret Life of Toys]]'' * ''The Secret of Eel Island'' * ''[[The Shoe People]]'' * ''[[The Singing Kettle]]'' (2001–2005) * ''[[Singled Out]]'' * ''Sister Said'' * ''[[Simon in the Land of Chalk Drawings]]'' (2002 version, 2003-2007) * ''[[Tickety Toc]]'' (now on [[Sky Kids (TV channel)|Sky Kids]]) * ''[[Tickle, Patch and Friends]]'' * ''Tiger, Tiger'' * ''[[Titch (TV series)|Titch]]'' * ''Toby's Travelling Circus'' * ''[[Toot the Tiny Tugboat]]'' * ''[[The Treacle People]]'' * ''[[The World of Peter Rabbit and Friends]]'' * ''[[Zack & Quack|Zack and Quack]]'' ====Programming originally produced for or aired on PBS Kids==== * ''[[Angelina Ballerina: The Next Steps]]'' (2011–2017) * ''[[Barney & Friends]]'' (2002–2007) * ''[[Bert and Ernie's Great Adventures]]'' (2008–2015) * ''[[Elmo's World]]'' (2002–2012) * ''[[Franny's Feet]]'' (2003–2009) * ''[[George Shrinks]]'' (2005-2011) * ''[[Jay Jay the Jet Plane]]'' (2002–2009) * ''[[Make Way for Noddy]]'' (2002–2016) * ''[[Wimzie's House]]'' ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:List of television series by network]] [[Category:Channel 5 (UK) television programmes]] [[Category:Children's entertainment]] n2pekgty9btqryj9tv62y68r65rvtyf 0 1178202 10369273 10341680 2025-07-03T09:17:20Z 92.119.36.70 10369273 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Old Blue Chair | cover = | type = | artist = [[Kenny Chesney]] | album = [[When the Sun Goes Down]] (2004)<br />[[Be as You Are (Songs from an Old Blue Chair)]] (2005) | released = February 3, 2004<br>January 25, 2005 | recorded = | studio = | genre = [[Country music|Country]] | length = 3:24 | label = [[BNA Records|BNA]] | writer = | producer = }} '''"Old Blue Chair"''' is a song by [[Kenny Chesney]]. ==Music video== The music video was directed by [[Shaun Silva]] and was premiered on [[CMT (American TV channel)|CMT]] on December 31, 2004. The video debuted at number 20 on CMT's ''Top 20 Countdown'' for the week of February 17, 2005. The music video reached number 1 on CMT's ''Top Twenty Countdown'' for the week of May 5, 2005. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Kenny Chesney}} [[Category:2004 songs]] [[Category:2005 songs]] [[Category:Kenny Chesney songs]] [[Category:Music videos directed by Shaun Silva]] nc8uvnnfxzbg64lps3ybn2xmwr6hwkb 10369406 10369273 2025-07-03T11:08:04Z 180.150.36.182 10369406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Old Blue Chair | cover = | type = | artist = [[Kenny Chesney]] | album = [[When the Sun Goes Down]] (2004)<br />[[Be as You Are (Songs from an Old Blue Chair)]] (2005) | released = February 3, 2004<br>January 25, 2005 | recorded = | studio = | genre = [[Country music|Country]] | length = 3:24 | label = [[BNA Records|BNA]] | writer = | producer = }} '''"Old Blue Chair"''' is a song by [[Kenny Chesney]]. ==Music video== The music video was directed by [[Shaun Silva]] and was premiered on [[CMT (American TV channel)|CMT]] on December 31, 2004. The video debuted at number 20 on CMT's ''Top 20 Countdown'' for the week of February 17, 2005. The music video reached number 1 on CMT's ''Top Twenty Countdown'' for the week of May 5, 2005. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Kenny Chesney}} [[Category:2004 songs]] [[Category:2005 songs]] [[Category:Kenny Chesney songs]] [[Category:Music videos directed by Shaun Silva]] bdip4ik2zdvcmikav2xmivyjgysim9y 0 1178236 10368838 10323852 2025-07-03T03:18:32Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368838 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Neo-feudalism''' is the idea that some parts of modern society are becoming like the [[feudal system]] of the [[Middle Ages]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Kuttner |first1=Robert |last2=V. Stone |first2=Katherine |date=April 8, 2020 |title=The Rise of Neo-Feudalism |url=https://prospect.org/economy/rise-of-neo-feudalism/ |website=The American Prospect}}</ref> In this system: * A small, powerful elite controls wealth and power. * Most people have fewer rights and little chance to improve their lives. * The rich act like lords, while regular people have to work for them with little protection. == Where does the term come from == The term neo-feudalism is used to describe how today’s world looks similar to medieval Europe. Some thinkers on both the Left and Right use it to criticize modern politics and economics. == Meaning == Neo-feudalism is linked to: * Big [[corporation]]s and powerful elites controlling society. * The gap between [[rich]] and [[poor]] getting wider. * The loss of economic freedom for most people. * Fewer rights and protections for workers. Some experts say that large companies today act like the rulers of the past. They make their own rules, control resources, and limit what people can do—just like feudal lords. == Modern examples == * Tech Companies: A few big companies (like [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] and [[Facebook]]) control much of the online world. * Wealth Inequality: The richest 1% own more wealth than the rest of society. * Job Insecurity: Many workers must take low-paying jobs with no security, similar to medieval serfs. == Neo-feudalism in popular culture == The novel ''[[Dune (novel)|Dune]]'' imagines a future ruled by powerful noble families. The [[World Economic Forum]]’s "Great Reset" plan has been criticized as creating a neo-feudal system.<ref>Mercola, Joseph (2021), The Truth About COVID-19: Exposing The Great Reset, Lockdowns, Vaccine Passports, and the New Normal, Chelsea Green Publishing. {{ISBN|978-1645020882}}</ref><ref>Breggin, Peter R. (2021), COVID-19 and the Global Predators: We Are the Prey, Lake Edge Press. {{ISBN|978-0982456064}}</ref><ref>Kotkin, Joel (2021), The Coming of Neo-Feudalism: A Warning to the Global Middle Class, Encounter Books. {{ISBN|978-1641770941}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * [http://bizshifts-trends.com/mutation-medieval-feudalism-modern-business-capitalism-rise-neofeudalism-corporate-governance/ Mutation of Medieval Feudalism Into Modern Corporate Capitalism: The Rise of Neofeudalism in Corporate Governance] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202134835/http://bizshifts-trends.com/mutation-medieval-feudalism-modern-business-capitalism-rise-neofeudalism-corporate-governance/ |date=2023-02-02 }} [[Category:Economic systems]] [[Category:Feudalism]] q93ah3e3qtrhh4svpqnup8qbgu6j1ij 0 1178656 10368836 10323863 2025-07-03T03:18:05Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox political party | name = Nationalist Party of Vietnam | native_name = Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng | foundation = December 25, 1927 | ideology = [[Three Principles of the People]] | headquarters = [[California]], [[United States]] | website = https://vietquoc.org/ | founder = [[Nguyễn Thái Học]] | colors = Red, blue, white | newspaper = Tiếng dân (People's Voice) | anthem = "The White Star Flag" | flag = Flag of VNQDD.svg }} The '''Nationalist Party of Vietnam''', '''Vietnamese National Party''' or '''Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng''' '''(VNQDD)''' is a [[Three Principles of the People|tridemist, nationalist]] and [[Socialism|socialist]] [[political party]] created in [[French Indochina]] in 1927 by [[Nguyễn Thái Học]]. The VNQDD tried to make a [[Nationalist Revolution]] and declare the independence of the [[Indochina]] from France in early 1930. At that time, [[France]] was the control of the Indochina. But France stopped the revolution, after the [[Yên Bái mutiny]] in 1929. After the [[Vietnam War]], the party was banned by the [[Communist Party of Vietnam]] and they moved their [[headquarters]] to [[United States]] in 1975. == Sources == * Blair, Anne E. (2001). ''There to the Bitter End: Ted Serong in Vietnam''. Crows Nest, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-86508-468-9. * Currey, Cecil B. (1999). ''Victory at Any Cost: The genius of Viet Nam's Gen. Vo Nguyen Giap''. Washington, DC: Brassey. ISBN 1-57488-194-9. * Goodman, Allen E. (1973). ''Politics in war: the bases of political community in South Vietnam''. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-68825-2. * Nguyễn, Văn Khánh (2016). ''The Vietnam Nationalist Party (1927–1954)''. Singapore: Springer. ISBN 978-981-10-0075-1 == Other websites == * [http://www.vietquoc.org/ Viet Quoc official homepage] {{inlang|vi}} * [http://www.vietquoc.com/ Viet Quoc members webpage] * [http://nguyenthaihocfoundation.org/ Nguyễn Thái Học Foundation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250213005322/http://nguyenthaihocfoundation.org/ |date=2025-02-13 }} [[Category:Nationalist organizations in Asia]] [[Category:Political parties of Vietnam]] [[Category:1930s establishments in Asia]] [[Category:National liberation movements]] 0bzjr4a5h85xkwuj1qv9qurituv3hn6 0 1179087 10368825 10323834 2025-07-03T03:14:28Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368825 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Министерством Финансов Монгольской Республики (1921) - выпуск 6% обязательств, 10 долларов.jpg|thumb|Mongolian Government's Treasure. 6% provisionary obligation. 10 dollars]] The '''dollar''' ({{langx|mn|доллар}}) was the [[currency]] of [[Mongolia]] from 1921 to 1925. The dollars could be 10 dollars, 20 dollars, 50 dollars, or 100 dollars. Many European travellers thought that this currency was not worth anything.<ref>Ladislaus Forbath, ''The New Mongolia'', London 1936, p.217/218</ref> More dollars were printed in 1924. These dollars were made in 50 cents, 1 dollar, 3 dollars, 10 dollars, and 25 dollars. However, this money was never used. In 1925, this money was replaced by the [[Mongolian tögrög|tögrög]]. ==References== {{refbegin}} *{{numis cite SCWPM|date=1990.s}} *The Coins and Banknotes of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, 2002. [http://mongoleishop.de/shop/article_700700/The-coins-and-Banknotes-of-Mongolia.html?shop_param=cid%3D19%26aid%3D700700%26] {{refend}} <references/> ==Other websites== {{n-start}} {{n-before|currency=[[Silver Dragon (coin)|Silver Dragon]]|note=Use [[Qing dynasty coinage]] during this period.}} {{n-currency|location=Mongolia|start=1921|end=1925}} {{n-after|currency=[[Mongolian tögrög|Tögrög]]}} {{end}} {{dollar|state=collapsed}} [[Category:1925 disestablishments in Asia]] [[Category:20th century in Mongolia]] [[Category:1920s in Asia]] [[Category:Former currencies]] [[Category:Currency of Asia]] [[Category:Economic history]] [[Category:1921 establishments in Asia]] [[Category:History of Mongolia]] [[Category:Establishments in Mongolia]] g3gtuhyervbr7o3wkr193a2mko4d9ug 0 1179279 10369317 10341674 2025-07-03T09:41:52Z 1.136.109.5 10369317 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Live Those Songs | cover = | type = | artist = [[Kenny Chesney]] | album = [[No Shoes, No Shirt, No Problems]] | released = April 23, 2002 | recorded = | studio = | genre = [[Country music|Country]] | length = 3:50 | label = [[BNA Records|BNA]] | writer = | producer = }} '''"Live Those Songs"''' is a song by [[Kenny Chesney]]. ==Music video== The music video was directed by [[Shaun Silva]] and was premiered on [[CMT (American TV channel)|CMT]] on February 26, 2004. The video debuted at number 20 on CMT's ''Top 20 Countdown'' for the week of April 8, 2004. The music video reached number 1 on CMT's ''Top Twenty Countdown'' for the week of June 17, 2004. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Kenny Chesney}} [[Category:2002 songs]] [[Category:Kenny Chesney songs]] [[Category:Music videos directed by Shaun Silva]] 6it5e3moalcu8kam0q10m0438fk2m12 0 1179819 10368904 10324019 2025-07-03T03:56:47Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = TLEEM | logo = TLEEM-logo-transparent.png | logo_size = | formation = {{start date and age|2023|10|29}} | founder = [[Arjun Sharda]] | type = [[Nonprofit organization|Nonprofit]] | registration_id = 93-4193643 | status = [[501(c)(3)]] | headquarters = [[Round Rock, Texas]] | fields = [[Technology]], [[Leadership]], [[Entrepreneurship]], [[Engineering]], and [[Mathematics]] | membership = 1,000 | membership_year = 2024 | website = {{URL|https://tleem.org/}} }} '''TLEEM''' is a international [[Nonprofit organization|non-profit organization]] founded by [[Arjun Sharda]] that focuses on helping K-12 students and young adults build networking skills.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Walton|first=Farrah|date=2024-06-28|title="I want to utilize my life," 8th grader starts non-profit that expands to 7 countries|url=https://cbsaustin.com/news/local/story/i-want-to-utilize-my-life-8th-grader-starts-non-profit-that-expands-to-7-countries|access-date=2025-04-06|website=KEYE|language=en}}</ref> == Founding == TLEEM was first formed in September 2023<ref>{{Cite news|last=Thompson|first=Kelsey|date=2024-01-30|title=12-year-old Round Rock student launches nonprofit to empower others|language=en-US|work=KXAN|url=https://www.kxan.com/news/local/round-rock/12-year-old-round-rock-student-launches-stem-nonprofit/|access-date=2025-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241003042317/https://www.kxan.com/news/local/round-rock/12-year-old-round-rock-student-launches-stem-nonprofit/|archive-date=2024-10-03|url-status=live}}</ref> as a school club at Running Brushy Middle School in [[Leander, Texas]] aiming to help students develop and sharpen their skills in technology, leadership, entrepreneurship, engineering, and mathematics.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Figueroa|first=Fernanda|date=2024-02-22|title=12-year-old Round Rock boy starts nonprofit to develop tech, leadership skills|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/12-old-round-rock-boy-182442476.html|access-date=2025-04-06|website=Austin-American Statesman|language=en-US}}</ref> Sharda eventually filed TLEEM as a [[nonprofit corporation]] in [[Round Rock, Texas]] on October 29, 2023, and as a [[501(c)(3) organization]] with the [[Internal Revenue Service]] on November 14, 2023.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nuylan|first=Nalani|date=2024-01-02|title=Round Rock student, programmer starts nonprofit to better the world|work=Williamson County Sun|url=https://www.wilcosun.com/news-round-rock/round-rock-student-programmer-starts-nonprofit-better-world|access-date=2025-04-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2024-01-29|title=Round Rock student launches nonprofit organization|url=https://austinjournal.com/stories/653951078-round-rock-student-launches-nonprofit-organization|access-date=2025-04-06|website=Austin Journal|language=en}}</ref> As of November 2024, TLEEM has accumulated a membership of over 1,000 through its flagship chapters program.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=TLEEM - GuideStar Profile|url=https://www.guidestar.org/Profile/93-4193643|access-date=2025-04-06|website=www.guidestar.org}}</ref> == Mission == TLEEM's mission is to help young individuals network through school & community clubs.<ref name=":1" /> == Programs and impact == TLEEM services a flagship chapters program, which deploys school & community clubs worldwide where K-12 and young adults are able to network.{{fact|date=April 2025}} TLEEM has also released the TLEEM Educational License (TEL) in 2024, which is the first source-available license to be developed by a middle schooler.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Introducing the TLEEM Educational License|url=https://www.tleem.org/license|access-date=2025-04-06|website=www.tleem.org}}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In April 2025, TLEEM launched a new program titled Allagi Capital, which provides non-equity based microgrants in the [[Austin, Texas|Austin, Texas metropolitan area]], aiming to provide funding to student-led projects, particularly to student founders who are low income or of a under-served population.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wagner|first=Lauren|date=2025-04-23|title=Texas Teen’s Nonprofit Helps Kids Across the World Gain Networking Skills|url=https://www.the74million.org/article/texas-teens-nonprofit-helps-kids-across-the-world-gain-networking-skills/|access-date=2025-05-05|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sjoberg|first=Brooke|date=2025-04-10|title=Nonprofit started by Round Rock youth to begin offering micro grants for young entrepreneurs|url=https://communityimpact.com/austin/round-rock/nonprofit/2025/04/10/nonprofit-started-by-round-rock-youth-to-begin-offering-micro-grants-for-young-entrepreneurs/|access-date=2025-05-05|website=Community Impact|language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Allagi Capital|url=https://tleem.org/programs/allagi|url-status=live|access-date=2025-05-05|website=TLEEM}}</ref> == References ==<!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. --> {{reflist}} == Other websites == * {{Official website|http://www.tleem.org/}} [[Category:Non-profit organizations of the United States]] [[Category:Organizations based in Texas]] [[Category:Austin, Texas]] p60ltrvlr4brinoieguf8nxg2u8s4rb 0 1180273 10368926 10178127 2025-07-03T04:05:03Z Haoreima 1043157 10368926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains special characters|Meitei}} [[File:Tripura districts map.png|thumb|Map of Tripura in the Republic of India]] The '''Takhel Ngamba'''{{efn|sometimes also spelled as "Takhel Ngampa"}} (literally, "Success against Takhel"<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=noCHVvu0P8oC&pg=PA354&dq=takhel+ngamba&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi8uv6Hh8mMAxVEzTgGHU-_BpcQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=takhel%20ngamba&f=false|title=A Grammar of Meithei|last=Chelliah|first=Shobhana Lakshmi|date=2011-07-22|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-080111-8|pages=354|language=en}}</ref> or "the conquest of Tripura"<ref name=":Indian Council of Historical Research_152" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=nn3jEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA373&dq=takhel+ngamba&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi8uv6Hh8mMAxVEzTgGHU-_BpcQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=takhel%20ngamba&f=false|title=The Lost Kingdom of Moyon (Bujuur): Iruwng (King) Kuurkam Ngoruw Moyon & The People of Manipur|last=Moyon|first=Rev Dr Koningthung Ngoru|date=2023-11-16|publisher=Shashwat Publication|isbn=978-81-19517-31-2|pages=373|language=en|quote=Nungangbam Govindaram was another scholar of Garibaniwaz's court. His greatest work was the history of war against Tripura and Burma called 'Takhel Ngamba', the conquest of Tripura.}}</ref><ref>Sarma, Ramanimohan. Political History of Tripura. India: Puthipatra, 1987. p.124</ref><ref>Jhalajit Singh, R. K.. A Short History of Manipur. India: O.K. Store, 1965. p. 131</ref> or "Victor of Tripura"<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-CzSQKVmveUC&pg=PA23&dq=takhel+ngamba&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi8uv6Hh8mMAxVEzTgGHU-_BpcQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=takhel%20ngamba&f=false|title=Manipur, Past and Present: The Heritage and Ordeals of a Civilization|last=Sanajaoba|first=Naorem|date=1988|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-853-2|pages=23|language=en|quote=In 1734, Garibanawaz invaded in Tripura and won. Subsequently, he got the title of 'Takhel Ngamba' the 'Victor of Tripura'...}}</ref>) is a [[Meitei language]] literary text that chronicles the historical conflict between the Meitei king Garib Niwaj, also known as Pamheiba, of the [[Manipur Kingdom]], and the Tripuris (referred to as Tepperahs) of the [[Tripura]] Kingdom, as well as the [[Burmese people|Burmese]] forces. It is an epic composition from the medieval period, attributed to the prominent writer Nunggangbam Govindharam. The text documents the Meitei imperial conquest over the Tripuris and the Tripura Kingdom.<ref name=":Glimpse_66-68">A Glimpse of Manipuri Literary Works. N.p.: FSP Media Publications, 2018. p. 66-68</ref><ref name=":Manihar_Takhel_Ngamba">Manihar Singh, Ch. A History of Manipuri Literature. India: Sahitya Akademi, 1996.</ref> It is written in the [[Meitei script]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=siOgDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA54&dq=takhel+ngamba&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi8uv6Hh8mMAxVEzTgGHU-_BpcQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=takhel%20ngamba&f=false|title=Kangla Lanpung: Volume XIII Issue I|last=Nimai|first=Dr R. K.|date=2019-06-30|publisher=R.K Sanatomba Memorial Trust, Palace Compound, Imphal|pages=54|language=en|quote=In fact among the manuscripts that were written in Meetei script under the authority of Pamheiba were Samjok Ngamba, Takhel Ngamba, Charairomba Khunkum, Numit Kappa (enlarged volume). etc. (Somorjit, 2013-14).}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PgHgCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA121&dq=takhel+ngamba&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi8uv6Hh8mMAxVEzTgGHU-_BpcQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=takhel%20ngamba&f=false|title=Meeyamgi Kholao: Sprout of Consciousness|last=Birajit|first=Soibam|date=2014-12-01|publisher=ARECOM ( Advanced Research Consortium, Manipur)|pages=121|language=en|quote=On the contrary, many secular and religious books were written in Meetei mayek (meetei script) during his reign. Some of them were Samjok Ngamba, Takhel Ngamba, Charairomba Khunkum, Numit Kappa (enlarged volume) etc. This shows that his intention was not to exterminate the Meetei script or replace it with Bengali or Devnagari.}}</ref> "Takhel" ({{Script|Mtei|ꯇꯈꯦꯜ}}) is a [[Meitei language]] word for the land of [[Tripura]] and the [[Tripuri people]], as known to the [[Meitei people]] (alias [[Manipuris]]).<ref name=":Indian Council of Historical Research_152">North-East India: Interpreting the Sources of Its History. India: Indian Council of Historical Research, 2008. p. 152</ref><ref name=":Manihar_Takhel_Ngamba" /> The Takhel Ngamba by Nunggangbam Govindaram presents a historical account of the Meitei king’s victory over the Takhels, the people of modern-day [[Tripura]], providing detailed descriptions of the laws of chivalry observed by [[Meitei warriors]]. It outlines the ethical treatment of prisoners of war, defeated soldiers, and individuals seeking pardon or refuge, with a clear prohibition against their execution. The text also describes the customs and traditions associated with warfare, including the procedures followed by kings when preparing for battle and the formal receptions they received upon returning from victory.<ref name=":Ayyappappanikkar_337">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&pg=PA337&dq=takhel+ngamba&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi8uv6Hh8mMAxVEzTgGHU-_BpcQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=takhel%20ngamba&f=false|title=Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections|last=Ayyappappanikkar|date=1997|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-0365-5|pages=337|language=en}}</ref> == Language == The language of the Takhel Ngamba ({{Script|Mtei|ꯇꯈꯦꯜ ꯉꯝꯕ}}) is characterized by grand, stylized diction, incorporating elements of non native language vocabularies.<ref name=":Glimpse_66-68" /><ref name=":Manihar_Takhel_Ngamba" /> The language of Takhel Ngamba is characterized by a more modern diction, reflecting both its historical roots and its adaptation to contemporary linguistic standards.<ref name=":Ayyappappanikkar_337" /> == Portrayal of the Meitei ruler == The narrative of the Takhel Ngamba portrays the king as a courageous and formidable figure, likened to the mythical predatory bird [[Garuda]] in [[Hinduism|Hindu]] tradition. The text emphasizes the king’s leadership and valor in the face of a dual-front assault.<ref name=":Glimpse_66-68" /><ref name=":Manihar_Takhel_Ngamba" /> During a strategic retreat from the overwhelming Burmese offensive, the king performed a ritual obeisance to his [[traditional Meitei deity]], [[Lainingthou Sanamahi]] ({{Script|Mtei|ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯁꯅꯥꯃꯍꯤ}}), and instructed his men to bring his four-year-old horse and finely crafted spear for personal combat. He subsequently led a symbolic war dance to inspire and rally his troops.<ref name=":Glimpse_66-68" /><ref name=":Manihar_Takhel_Ngamba" /> {{Quote|O brave Meetei soldiers! You are a rare breed among fighters and may be compared to warrior-bees in the month of Langban (Sept-Oct). You should not turn back while fighting the enemy. From [[Nongda Lairen Pakhangba]] the progenitor of Meetei Kings down to King Charairongba my Sire, not a patch of Meetei land had been sur rendered to any alien hand. During the reign of our grandsire Khagemba, the invading Burmese were not only defeated but many of them were captured like fishes trapped in the flooded-water. And you are veritably the descendants of those valiant souls who had served unflinchingly generations of Meetei kings. How then should the Burmese be able to conquer our land? And now during my reign, even the king of terrors neither would nor intrude into our midst, let along the Burmese, O brave Meetei Sons! If you can win the day against the Burmese you shall ever be remembered by generations to come.<ref name=":Glimpse_66-68" />}} == Burmese alliance for the Tripuris == The Burmese, resentful of their previous defeat by the Meiteis, sought an opportunity for revenge. They allied with the Takhels (Tripuris), who also harbored grievances against the Meeteis. These grievances stemmed from the Meeteis’ interception of a Takhel detachment collecting tributes from villages near Manipur, the seizure of the holy [[:en:Bhagavata_Purana|Srimad Bhagavat]] text from Takhel travelers, and the refusal to return a Brahman scholar, Swarupananda, and a Muslim Takhel emissary.<ref name=":Glimpse_66-68" /><ref name=":Manihar_Takhel_Ngamba" /> The combined forces of the Burmese and Takhels invaded Manipur. While the Meeteis were still engaged in combat with the Burmese in the east, the Takhels advanced toward Kwakta in the southwest.<ref name=":Glimpse_66-68" /><ref name=":Manihar_Takhel_Ngamba" /> The king of Manipur initially dispatched a contingent of troops under his trusted general, Akong Haomacha, to confront the Takhels. This force was subsequently reinforced by another under the leadership of the distinguished warrior Thangjaba Chakrapani. After securing victory over the Burmese, the king swiftly turned his attention to the southwest, continuing his campaign with renewed confidence and effectively defeating the Takhel forces.<ref name=":Glimpse_66-68" /><ref name=":Manihar_Takhel_Ngamba" /> The king’s march to battle, accompanied by a strong army and the support of his people, is depicted with grandeur, reminiscent of the heroic battles. The narrative highlights the psychological impact of the king’s personal leadership on the Takhels.<ref name=":Glimpse_66-68" /><ref name=":Manihar_Takhel_Ngamba" /> Faced with the king’s presence, the Takhels fled in panic. In the ensuing disorder, their garments became entangled in thorny bushes and low-hanging branches, creating a chaotic scene likened to a tree bursting into full bloom during spring.<ref name=":Glimpse_66-68" /><ref name=":Manihar_Takhel_Ngamba" /> == An account of a Meitei soldier == A notable incident in the narrative involves a Meitei soldier who, after a daring raid, is unable to continue due to a severe leg ulcer. Facing imminent capture by the enemy, he requests his comrades to behead him and send his head to his wife.<ref name=":Glimpse_66-68" /><ref name=":Manihar_Takhel_Ngamba" /> == Kindness of the Meitei king == The Meitei king of Manipur displays magnanimity when he complies with the request of a fleeing Burmese commander, who is the son of the Meitei king’s aunt. The commander requests large quantities of local fish, rice, spicy wine, and beer, which the king provides without hesitation. Additionally, when Meitei soldiers are on the verge of pursuing the defeated Tripuris, the king intervenes, urging mercy. He instructs his general to treat any wounded or hungry Tripuris seeking food and shelter with kindness.<ref name=":Glimpse_66-68" /><ref name=":Manihar_Takhel_Ngamba" /> == Leadership of the Meitei king == The Meitei king’s leadership is also marked by strategic insight. He tests the loyalty and fighting spirit of his men by proposing an unconditional surrender to the Tripuris. This proposal is rejected, which inspires a vigorous response from his soldiers. Among them, Cheksa Chakrapani emerges as a distinguished warrior, repeatedly charging into enemy lines to rescue captured comrades and create disruption within the enemy ranks.<ref name=":Glimpse_66-68" /><ref name=":Manihar_Takhel_Ngamba" /> == Metaphors == The writer portrays the king with nobility and valor. The conflict between the Tripuris and the Meeteis is described through vivid metaphors, likening it to the struggle between two large elephants in a banana grove or two hungry lions fighting over a piece of meat. The Tripuris’ relentless assault is compared to a wild boar struck by a spear, a school of fish swimming upstream in a narrow canal, or a strong current that cannot be restrained by a reed-made dam.<ref name=":Glimpse_66-68" /><ref name=":Manihar_Takhel_Ngamba" /> == Related pages == * [[Ahom–Meitei relations]] * [[Burmese–Meitei relations]] ** [[Chahi Taret Khuntakpa]] * [[Meitei–Shan relations]] * [[Meitei people in Assam]] * [[Meitei people in Bangladesh]] * [[Meitei people in Myanmar]] * [[Meitei people in Tripura]] ** [[Meitei language in Tripura]] * [[Meitei martial arts]] * [[Meitei traditional weapons]] * [[Meitei traditional toys]] * [[Meitei traditional games]] == Bibliography == * {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466349/page/n60/mode/thumb|title=Takhel Ngamba|last=Singh|first=Bhogeshwar|date=1986|publisher=Internet Archive; Digital Library of India|location=India|language=mni}} == References == {{Notelist}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Meitei literature]] [[Category:History of Manipur]] [[Category:Tripura]] [[Category:History of Myanmar]] [[Category:Middle Ages]] rhnpbzcpcwnpqn1tj02q0xpfl1mchmc 0 1180478 10368214 10300805 2025-07-02T20:25:22Z 2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA /* Countries */ 10368214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiple issues| {{cleanup|reason=|date=April 2025}} {{wikify|date=April 2025}} }} President [[Donald Trump]] announced a series of steep [[tariff]]s on nearly all goods imported to the US. On April 2, 2025, Trump signed an executive order imposing a minimum 10% tariff on all US imports with elevated tariffs on 57 nations and limited exceptions. The general tariffs took effect on April 5. Trump [[escalation|escalated]] (or stepped up) an ongoing [[China–United States trade war|trade war with China]]; [[Baseline]] tariffs on Chinese imports, were raise to an effective 145% after {{date|2025-04-09|MDY}}.<ref name=":24">{{Cite news |last=Swanson |first=Ana |date=2025-04-10 |title=Trump Has Added 145% Tariff to China, White House Clarifies |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/10/business/economy/china-tariffs-145-percent.html |access-date=2025-04-10 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> He also (started or) [[initiation|initiated]] a new <!--[[2025 United States trade war with Canada and Mexico|-->''trade war with Canada and Mexico'' (see [[Second presidency of Donald Trump]]), by [[imposition|imposing]] a 25% tariff on most goods from the countries; However, he later (gave or) granted indefinite exemptions for goods [[compliance|compliant]] with the [[United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement|USMCA]] (in use since 2020).<!--Trump framed these actions as a way to hold the countries accountable for contraband drug trafficking and illegal immigration while supporting [[Manufacturing in the United States|domestic manufacturing]].--><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ortiz |first=Erik |date=2025-03-04 |title=Trump says tariffs were enacted to curb fentanyl, but U.S. overdose deaths are already declining |url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/national-international/trump-says-tariffs-to-curb-fentanyl-but-us-overdose-deaths-declining/6173140/?os=io....sxj9oul9no_journeys=true&ref=app |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=NBC New York |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Price |first=Michelle L. |date=2025-03-06 |title=How Trump justifies his tariffs — from budget balancing to protecting 'the soul' of America |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-tariff-justifications-50f0b4416234e63c7136eaa5c5f96759 |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> He later (had put in place or) imposed a 25% tariff on imported [[steel]], [[Aluminium|aluminum]], and [[automotive product]]s from all countries<!--;Tariffs on auto parts are expected (to follow)-->. The "tariff on steel [... will become ]50 percent",<ref>https://www.politico.com/news/2025/05/30/trump-steel-tariff-pennsylvania-00378480. Retrieved 2025-05-31</ref> from the first week of June.<ref>https://www.vg.no/nyheter/i/KMgMmX/trump-vil-doble-staaltollsatsene-til-50-prosent. Retrieved 2025-05-31</ref> Aftermath: The [[2025 stock market crash]] happened in April. Trump is calling April 2, 2025, "Liberation Day". [[Exception]]s: U.S. authorities said (April 11), that there will be no tariffs on [[smart phone]]s, [[laptop]] computers, [[hard disk]]s, [[computer processor]]s, and [[memory chip]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-04-12|title=Bloomberg: Trump unntar smarttelefoner fra giganttoll|url=https://e24.no/boers-og-finans/i/QMAAxx/bloomberg-trump-unntar-smarttelefoner-fra-giganttoll|access-date=2025-05-05|website=e24.no|language=nb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bianco|first=Ali|date=2025-04-12|title=Trump exempts phones, computers from his 'reciprocal tariffs'|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/04/12/trump-china-tariffs-smartphone-00008349|access-date=2025-05-05|website=POLITICO|language=en}}</ref> Reactions: [U.S. politicians or] "Democrats call for [[insider trading]] investigation", according to media.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/apr/11/trump-tariffs-insider-trading-investigation. Retrieved 2025-04-11</ref> ==Countries== In Asia *China. On May 12, officials from the US and China agreed to bring the tariffs down for 90 days. Those tariffs were taken down to 30% (on Chinese things) and (to) 10% on things from the U.S. However, further further negotiations and discussions are being done. Earlier (April), tariffs jumped to "125% ... . But that comes on top of a 20% [[fentanyl]]-related tariff that Trump previously [had put in place, on Chinese goods, or] imposed on China", according to media (on April 10).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Iordache|first=Dan Mangan,Kevin Breuninger,Christina Wilkie,Megan Cassella,Jesse Pound,Ruxandra|date=2025-04-10|title=Trump trade advisor says stock market plunge 'No big deal': Live updates|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/04/10/china-trump-tariffs-live-updates.html|access-date=2025-04-11|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> Earlier (April 9), media said that tariffs will "climb to 125 percent".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-04-09|title=Trump hits pause on trade war|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/04/09/trump-pauses-tariffs-00281494|access-date=2025-04-11|website=POLITICO|language=en}}</ref><!--On May 11, the [[Scott Bessent|U.S. secretary of finance]], said that a temporary agreement has been made.--><ref>https://www.dn.no/utenriks/usa/kina/scott-bessent/usa-og-kina-kunngjor-gjennombrudd-etter-maratonforhandlinger/2-1-1817934. Retrieved 2025-05-12</ref> *[[Japan]]. Negotiations about trade are ongoing (as of 2025's second quarter); The "[[Donald Trump|US President]] [... said in May, that there now is] a partnership between [[United States Steel]] Corp and [[Nippon Steel]] Corp of Japan.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3033470/trump-shocks-markets-by-touting-us-steel-nippon-deal?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2025-05-29</ref> *[[Philippines]], 17% tariff (as of 2025's second quarter)<ref name="April28y5">{{Cite news|last=Limited|first=Bangkok Post Public Company|date=2025-04-28|title=Philippines aims to lower US tariff to zero during talks|language=en|work=Bangkok Post|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3013130/philippines-aims-to-lower-us-tariff-to-zero-during-talks|access-date=2025-05-05}}</ref> *[[India]]. 27% "reciprocal tariff" for Indian goods; That tariff was [[application|applied]] on April 2.<ref name="TT">{{Cite web |last=Inamdar |first=Nikhil |date=April 3, 2025 |title=Trump tariffs: How will India navigate a world on the brink of a trade war? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c39jn2ldyrko |access-date=April 5, 2025 |publisher=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref> *[[Thailand]]. 36% tariff (as of 2025's second quarter)<ref name=April28y5/> A date for trade talks between the U.S. and Thailand, has not been set (as of the middle of May).<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3025742/thailand-pitches-trade-proposals-to-us. Retrieved 2025-05-15</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Reporters|first=Post|date=2025-05-04|title=PM hints at 'secret' tariff deal with US|language=en|work=Bangkok Post|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3017607/pm-hints-at-secret-tariff-deal-with-us|access-date=2025-05-05}}</ref> "Thailand is (May 2025) in big ... trouble [... with the U.S. government] over the [[Uyghur]] [[deportation]] [from Thailand to China,] in February and the [... case] of [[Paul Chambers]], an American academic", according to media; Furthermore, "these two issues come up before [the issue of] tariffs".<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/3037611/thailands-false-sense-of-tariff-security?utm_medium=related&utm_source=article_thailand&utm_campaign=click-within-bp. Retrieved 2025-05-30</ref> Earlier (April 2025), [[Thaksin Shinawatra]] claimed that [[negotiation]]s about lowering tariffs, have stopped, and "they [the US] are now acting on information [...] about lawsuits against a number of American citizens".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Reporters|first=Post|date=2025-04-28|title=PP calls on govt to drop charges against US academic|language=en|work=Bangkok Post|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/3012447/pp-calls-on-govt-to-drop-charges-against-us-academic?tbref=hp|access-date=2025-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Limited|first=Bangkok Post Public Company|date=2025-04-27|title=Thai-US trade talks stall over lese majeste charge against scholar Chambers|language=en|work=Bangkok Post|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3011956/thai-us-trade-talks-stall-over-lese-majeste-charge-against-scholar-chambers|access-date=2025-05-05}}</ref> Trade talks "had been scheduled for April 23 in" the United States; The talks did not happen, because of a [[postponement]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Reporters|first=Post|date=2025-04-29|title=‘No link’ between lese-majeste case and stalled Thai-US trade talks|language=en|work=Bangkok Post|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3013897/no-link-between-lese-majeste-case-and-stalled-thai-us-trade-talks|access-date=2025-05-05}}</ref> In Europe: *[[Ukraine]]; There is "[10 percent tariff or] blanket 10 percent tariffs on ... Ukraine" (as of April 10), according to [[Catherine Cortez Masto|a U.S. senator]]; Earlier (April 9), a law was suggested to the U.S. senate, that would take away that tariff; The law [[proposal]] is called ''Supporting American Allies Act''.<ref name=UkraIsraActKP>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/50593. Retrieved 2025-04-11</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sen. Cortez Masto|first=Catherine [D-NV|date=2025-04-09|title=S.1364 - 119th Congress (2025-2026): A bill to exempt articles imported from Israel or Ukraine from duties imposed under the Executive Order entitled "Regulating Imports with a Reciprocal Tariff to Rectify Trade Practices that Contribute to Large and Persistent Annual United States Goods Trade Deficits".|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1364|access-date=2025-04-11|website=www.congress.gov}}</ref> *[[European Union|EU countries]]: Tariffs will be [[pause]]d until July 9, according to the [[Donald Trump|U.S. president]]; Negotiations are supposed to happen.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cdd2mz719yvo. Retrieved 2025-05-26</ref> Earlier (and as of April 10), "Some of the [[EU]]’s [[import duty|import duties]] of between 10% and 25% will [be in place, or] come into force on April 15, with others taking effect in May and the remainder in December", according to media (April 10).<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/50506. Retrieved 2025-04-10</ref><!--20% tariff [as of April 8]; However, the U.S. government made changes (April 9), but media is not sure if those changes, deal with goods from the EU.--><ref name=VGapril4/> A [[proposal]] for a "straight 50% Tariff on the European Union" (from June 1), came from [[Donald Trump|the U.S. president]] (May 23).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Breuninger |first=Kevin |date=2025-05-23 |title=Trump recommends 50% tariff on European Union starting June 1 |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/05/23/trump-recommends-50percent-tariff-on-european-union-starting-june-1.html |access-date=2025-05-23 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref><ref>https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/trump-sier-han-ikke-er-interessert-i-en-tollavtale-med-eu/s/5-95-2449536. Retrieved 2025-05-24</ref> *Norway. 15% tariff (as of April 8); However, the U.S. government made changes (April 9), but media is not sure if those changes, deal with Norwegian goods.<ref name="VGapril4">{{Cite web|last=Elgaaen|first=Vilde|last2=Johnsen|first2=Alf Bjarne|last3=Lien|first3=Kyrre|date=2025-04-09|title=Setter ned straffetoll for 75 land: – Med umiddelbar virkning|url=https://www.vg.no/nyheter/i/LMxmlQ/trump-oeker-kina-toll-til-125-prosent|access-date=2025-04-11|website=VG|language=no}}</ref> In the [[Middle East]]: *[[Israel]]; There is "[10 percent tariff or] blanket 10 percent tariffs on ... Israel" (as of April 10), according to [[Catherine Cortez Masto|a U.S. senator]]; Earlier (April 9), a law was suggested to the U.S. senate, that would take away that tariff; The law [[proposal]] is called ''Supporting American Allies Act''.<ref name=UkraIsraActKP/> ==References== <References/> {{China–United States relations|state=collapsed}} {{Donald Trump}} {{Second presidency of Donald Trump}} [[Category:United States]] {{stub}} qlaadrge3lvk4uzbpifv0mcugykl19j 10368216 10368214 2025-07-02T20:26:24Z 2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA /* Countries */ 10368216 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiple issues| {{cleanup|reason=|date=April 2025}} {{wikify|date=April 2025}} }} President [[Donald Trump]] announced a series of steep [[tariff]]s on nearly all goods imported to the US. On April 2, 2025, Trump signed an executive order imposing a minimum 10% tariff on all US imports with elevated tariffs on 57 nations and limited exceptions. The general tariffs took effect on April 5. Trump [[escalation|escalated]] (or stepped up) an ongoing [[China–United States trade war|trade war with China]]; [[Baseline]] tariffs on Chinese imports, were raise to an effective 145% after {{date|2025-04-09|MDY}}.<ref name=":24">{{Cite news |last=Swanson |first=Ana |date=2025-04-10 |title=Trump Has Added 145% Tariff to China, White House Clarifies |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/10/business/economy/china-tariffs-145-percent.html |access-date=2025-04-10 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> He also (started or) [[initiation|initiated]] a new <!--[[2025 United States trade war with Canada and Mexico|-->''trade war with Canada and Mexico'' (see [[Second presidency of Donald Trump]]), by [[imposition|imposing]] a 25% tariff on most goods from the countries; However, he later (gave or) granted indefinite exemptions for goods [[compliance|compliant]] with the [[United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement|USMCA]] (in use since 2020).<!--Trump framed these actions as a way to hold the countries accountable for contraband drug trafficking and illegal immigration while supporting [[Manufacturing in the United States|domestic manufacturing]].--><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ortiz |first=Erik |date=2025-03-04 |title=Trump says tariffs were enacted to curb fentanyl, but U.S. overdose deaths are already declining |url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/national-international/trump-says-tariffs-to-curb-fentanyl-but-us-overdose-deaths-declining/6173140/?os=io....sxj9oul9no_journeys=true&ref=app |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=NBC New York |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Price |first=Michelle L. |date=2025-03-06 |title=How Trump justifies his tariffs — from budget balancing to protecting 'the soul' of America |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-tariff-justifications-50f0b4416234e63c7136eaa5c5f96759 |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> He later (had put in place or) imposed a 25% tariff on imported [[steel]], [[Aluminium|aluminum]], and [[automotive product]]s from all countries<!--;Tariffs on auto parts are expected (to follow)-->. The "tariff on steel [... will become ]50 percent",<ref>https://www.politico.com/news/2025/05/30/trump-steel-tariff-pennsylvania-00378480. Retrieved 2025-05-31</ref> from the first week of June.<ref>https://www.vg.no/nyheter/i/KMgMmX/trump-vil-doble-staaltollsatsene-til-50-prosent. Retrieved 2025-05-31</ref> Aftermath: The [[2025 stock market crash]] happened in April. Trump is calling April 2, 2025, "Liberation Day". [[Exception]]s: U.S. authorities said (April 11), that there will be no tariffs on [[smart phone]]s, [[laptop]] computers, [[hard disk]]s, [[computer processor]]s, and [[memory chip]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-04-12|title=Bloomberg: Trump unntar smarttelefoner fra giganttoll|url=https://e24.no/boers-og-finans/i/QMAAxx/bloomberg-trump-unntar-smarttelefoner-fra-giganttoll|access-date=2025-05-05|website=e24.no|language=nb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bianco|first=Ali|date=2025-04-12|title=Trump exempts phones, computers from his 'reciprocal tariffs'|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/04/12/trump-china-tariffs-smartphone-00008349|access-date=2025-05-05|website=POLITICO|language=en}}</ref> Reactions: [U.S. politicians or] "Democrats call for [[insider trading]] investigation", according to media.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/apr/11/trump-tariffs-insider-trading-investigation. Retrieved 2025-04-11</ref> ==Countries== In Asia *China. On May 12, officials from the US and China agreed to bring the tariffs down for 90 days. Those tariffs were taken down to 30% (on Chinese things) and (to) 10% on things from the U.S. However, further further negotiations and discussions are being done. Earlier (April), tariffs jumped to "125% ... . But that comes on top of a 20% [[fentanyl]]-related tariff that Trump previously [had put in place, on Chinese goods, or] imposed on China", according to media (on April 10).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Iordache|first=Dan Mangan,Kevin Breuninger,Christina Wilkie,Megan Cassella,Jesse Pound,Ruxandra|date=2025-04-10|title=Trump trade advisor says stock market plunge 'No big deal': Live updates|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/04/10/china-trump-tariffs-live-updates.html|access-date=2025-04-11|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> Earlier (April 9), media said that tariffs will "climb to 125 percent".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-04-09|title=Trump hits pause on trade war|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/04/09/trump-pauses-tariffs-00281494|access-date=2025-04-11|website=POLITICO|language=en}}</ref><!--On May 11, the [[Scott Bessent|U.S. secretary of finance]], said that a temporary agreement has been made.--><ref>https://www.dn.no/utenriks/usa/kina/scott-bessent/usa-og-kina-kunngjor-gjennombrudd-etter-maratonforhandlinger/2-1-1817934. Retrieved 2025-05-12</ref> *[[Japan]]. Negotiations about trade are ongoing (as of 2025's second quarter); The "[[Donald Trump|US President]] [... said in May, that there now is] a partnership between [[United States Steel]] Corp and [[Nippon Steel]] Corp of Japan.<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3033470/trump-shocks-markets-by-touting-us-steel-nippon-deal?tbref=hp. Retrieved 2025-05-29</ref> *[[Philippines]], 17% tariff (as of 2025's second quarter)<ref name="April28y5">{{Cite news|last=Limited|first=Bangkok Post Public Company|date=2025-04-28|title=Philippines aims to lower US tariff to zero during talks|language=en|work=Bangkok Post|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3013130/philippines-aims-to-lower-us-tariff-to-zero-during-talks|access-date=2025-05-05}}</ref> *[[India]]. 27% "reciprocal tariff" for Indian goods; That tariff was [[application|applied]] on April 2.<ref name="TT">{{Cite web |last=Inamdar |first=Nikhil |date=April 3, 2025 |title=Trump tariffs: How will India navigate a world on the brink of a trade war? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c39jn2ldyrko |access-date=April 5, 2025 |publisher=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref> *[[Thailand]], 36% tariff (as of 2025's second quarter).<ref name=April28y5/> A date for trade talks between the U.S. and Thailand, has not been set (as of the middle of May).<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3025742/thailand-pitches-trade-proposals-to-us. Retrieved 2025-05-15</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Reporters|first=Post|date=2025-05-04|title=PM hints at 'secret' tariff deal with US|language=en|work=Bangkok Post|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/3017607/pm-hints-at-secret-tariff-deal-with-us|access-date=2025-05-05}}</ref> "Thailand is (May 2025) in big ... trouble [... with the U.S. government] over the [[Uyghur]] [[deportation]] [from Thailand to China,] in February and the [... case] of [[Paul Chambers]], an American academic", according to media; Furthermore, "these two issues come up before [the issue of] tariffs".<ref>https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/3037611/thailands-false-sense-of-tariff-security?utm_medium=related&utm_source=article_thailand&utm_campaign=click-within-bp. Retrieved 2025-05-30</ref> Earlier (April 2025), [[Thaksin Shinawatra]] claimed that [[negotiation]]s about lowering tariffs, have stopped, and "they [the US] are now acting on information [...] about lawsuits against a number of American citizens".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Reporters|first=Post|date=2025-04-28|title=PP calls on govt to drop charges against US academic|language=en|work=Bangkok Post|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/3012447/pp-calls-on-govt-to-drop-charges-against-us-academic?tbref=hp|access-date=2025-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Limited|first=Bangkok Post Public Company|date=2025-04-27|title=Thai-US trade talks stall over lese majeste charge against scholar Chambers|language=en|work=Bangkok Post|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3011956/thai-us-trade-talks-stall-over-lese-majeste-charge-against-scholar-chambers|access-date=2025-05-05}}</ref> Trade talks "had been scheduled for April 23 in" the United States; The talks did not happen, because of a [[postponement]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Reporters|first=Post|date=2025-04-29|title=‘No link’ between lese-majeste case and stalled Thai-US trade talks|language=en|work=Bangkok Post|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3013897/no-link-between-lese-majeste-case-and-stalled-thai-us-trade-talks|access-date=2025-05-05}}</ref> In Europe: *[[Ukraine]]; There is "[10 percent tariff or] blanket 10 percent tariffs on ... Ukraine" (as of April 10), according to [[Catherine Cortez Masto|a U.S. senator]]; Earlier (April 9), a law was suggested to the U.S. senate, that would take away that tariff; The law [[proposal]] is called ''Supporting American Allies Act''.<ref name=UkraIsraActKP>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/50593. Retrieved 2025-04-11</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sen. Cortez Masto|first=Catherine [D-NV|date=2025-04-09|title=S.1364 - 119th Congress (2025-2026): A bill to exempt articles imported from Israel or Ukraine from duties imposed under the Executive Order entitled "Regulating Imports with a Reciprocal Tariff to Rectify Trade Practices that Contribute to Large and Persistent Annual United States Goods Trade Deficits".|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1364|access-date=2025-04-11|website=www.congress.gov}}</ref> *[[European Union|EU countries]]: Tariffs will be [[pause]]d until July 9, according to the [[Donald Trump|U.S. president]]; Negotiations are supposed to happen.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cdd2mz719yvo. Retrieved 2025-05-26</ref> Earlier (and as of April 10), "Some of the [[EU]]’s [[import duty|import duties]] of between 10% and 25% will [be in place, or] come into force on April 15, with others taking effect in May and the remainder in December", according to media (April 10).<ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/50506. Retrieved 2025-04-10</ref><!--20% tariff [as of April 8]; However, the U.S. government made changes (April 9), but media is not sure if those changes, deal with goods from the EU.--><ref name=VGapril4/> A [[proposal]] for a "straight 50% Tariff on the European Union" (from June 1), came from [[Donald Trump|the U.S. president]] (May 23).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Breuninger |first=Kevin |date=2025-05-23 |title=Trump recommends 50% tariff on European Union starting June 1 |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/05/23/trump-recommends-50percent-tariff-on-european-union-starting-june-1.html |access-date=2025-05-23 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref><ref>https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/trump-sier-han-ikke-er-interessert-i-en-tollavtale-med-eu/s/5-95-2449536. Retrieved 2025-05-24</ref> *Norway. 15% tariff (as of April 8); However, the U.S. government made changes (April 9), but media is not sure if those changes, deal with Norwegian goods.<ref name="VGapril4">{{Cite web|last=Elgaaen|first=Vilde|last2=Johnsen|first2=Alf Bjarne|last3=Lien|first3=Kyrre|date=2025-04-09|title=Setter ned straffetoll for 75 land: – Med umiddelbar virkning|url=https://www.vg.no/nyheter/i/LMxmlQ/trump-oeker-kina-toll-til-125-prosent|access-date=2025-04-11|website=VG|language=no}}</ref> In the [[Middle East]]: *[[Israel]]; There is "[10 percent tariff or] blanket 10 percent tariffs on ... Israel" (as of April 10), according to [[Catherine Cortez Masto|a U.S. senator]]; Earlier (April 9), a law was suggested to the U.S. senate, that would take away that tariff; The law [[proposal]] is called ''Supporting American Allies Act''.<ref name=UkraIsraActKP/> ==References== <References/> {{China–United States relations|state=collapsed}} {{Donald Trump}} {{Second presidency of Donald Trump}} [[Category:United States]] {{stub}} 60233u6ag7i1qnk43xhshydcontagrj 0 1180667 10368294 10367184 2025-07-02T21:39:10Z 2603:8080:4D01:73AF:4032:F0E6:B5F0:F3BF age accuracy 10368294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television season | bgcolour = #CF34CA | season_number = 7 | network = [[Zeus Network]] | episode_list = List of Baddies episodes | starring = *Natalie Nunn * Gia “Rollie” Mayham * Scotlynd “Scotty” Ryan * Anyssa “Ahna Mac” Santiago * Sydonie “Diamond The Body” Person * Ivori Minor * Rachel “Badd Dolly” Stevenson * Summer “Summer None Other” Thomas * Alexis “Big Lex, Not Da Lil One” Radcliff * Paula “Pretty P” Peterson * Fania “Fana” Cherry * Javen “Kold Killa” Starghill * Tavii Babii * Elsie “Elsie K” Kay * Russian Kream * Kamae “Kay Rixan” Rodriguez * Choco Brown * Atasha “Tommie Lee” Jefferson * Suzanne “Stunna Girl” Brown * Amber Rose * Marissa Da’Nae | first_aired = May 11, 2025 }} The seventh season of ''[[Baddies (TV series)|Baddies]],'' officially titled '''''Baddies Africa''''', aired on the Zeus Network. == Cast == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Main cast !Age !First appearance !Hometown |- |Natalie |40 |''[[The Bad Girls Club (season 4)|Bad Girls Club 4: Los Angeles]]'' |[[Oakland, California]] |- |Rollie |32 |''[[The Jerry Springer Show|Jerry Springer]]'' |[[North Las Vegas, Nevada]] |- |Scotty |28 |''[[Baddies season 2|Baddies South]]'' |[[Charlotte, North Carolina]] |- |Ahna |24 |''[[Baddies season 4|Baddies East]]'' |[[Plainfield, New Jersey]] |- |DTB |32 |''DejaVu Miami'' |[[Miami|Miami, Florida]] |- |Ivori |22 |''Baddies of Las Vegas 1'' |[[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]] |- |Bad Dolly |32 |''Pick a Side'' |[[Ridgeland, Mississippi|Yazoo City, Mississippi]] |- |Summer |28 | rowspan="3" |''[[Baddies season 6|Baddies Midwest]]'' |[[Detroit|Detroit, Michigan]] |- |Big Lex |23 |[[Akron, Ohio]] |- |Pretty P |30 |[[Milwaukee|Milwaukee, Wisconsin]] |- |Fania |26 |''Baddies Africa'' |[[Jersey City, New Jersey]] |- |Kold Killa |27 | rowspan="2" |''Baddies Africa Auditions'' |[[Columbus, Ohio]] |- |Tavii Babii |98 |[[Brooklyn|Brooklyn, NY]] |- |Elsie K |23 |''Baddies Africa'' |Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe |- |Russian Kream |28 |''Baddies Africa Auditions'' |[[Houston|Houston, Texas]] |- |Kay Rican |28 | rowspan="2" |''Baddies Africa'' |[[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]] |- |Choco Brown |24 |[[Lagos|Lagos, Nigeria]] |} {| class="wikitable" |+ !Supporting cast !Age !First appearance !Hometown |- |Atasha Jefferson |40 |''[[Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta season 5]]'' |[[Newark, New Jersey]] |- |Suzanne Brown |26 |''[[Baddies season 3|Baddies West]]'' |[[Sacramento, California]] |- |Amber Rose |41 |''The Amber Rose Show'' |[[Philadelphia|Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]] |- |Marissa Da’Nae |28 |''Bad vs. Wild'' |[[Amarillo, Texas]] |} {| class="wikitable" |+ !Replacement cast !Age !First appearance !Hometown |- |Latina Rose |22 |''Baddies Africa'' |[[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]] |} 2nu8qqk4q6fagxq3p6jtf3nqlpkxpx8 10369240 10368294 2025-07-03T08:48:43Z 2603:7001:76F0:8340:3430:DDA5:162A:F71D /* Cast */ 10369240 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television season | bgcolour = #CF34CA | season_number = 7 | network = [[Zeus Network]] | episode_list = List of Baddies episodes | starring = *Natalie Nunn * Gia “Rollie” Mayham * Scotlynd “Scotty” Ryan * Anyssa “Ahna Mac” Santiago * Sydonie “Diamond The Body” Person * Ivori Minor * Rachel “Badd Dolly” Stevenson * Summer “Summer None Other” Thomas * Alexis “Big Lex, Not Da Lil One” Radcliff * Paula “Pretty P” Peterson * Fania “Fana” Cherry * Javen “Kold Killa” Starghill * Tavii Babii * Elsie “Elsie K” Kay * Russian Kream * Kamae “Kay Rixan” Rodriguez * Choco Brown * Atasha “Tommie Lee” Jefferson * Suzanne “Stunna Girl” Brown * Amber Rose * Marissa Da’Nae | first_aired = May 11, 2025 }} The seventh season of ''[[Baddies (TV series)|Baddies]],'' officially titled '''''Baddies Africa''''', aired on the Zeus Network. == Cast == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Main cast !Age !First appearance !Hometown |- |Natalie |40 |''[[The Bad Girls Club (season 4)|Bad Girls Club 4: Los Angeles]]'' |[[Oakland, California]] |- |Rollie |32 |''[[The Jerry Springer Show|Jerry Springer]]'' |[[North Las Vegas, Nevada]] |- |Scotty |28 |''[[Baddies season 2|Baddies South]]'' |[[Charlotte, North Carolina]] |- |Ahna |24 |''[[Baddies season 4|Baddies East]]'' |[[Plainfield, New Jersey]] |- |DTB |32 |''DejaVu Miami'' |[[Miami|Miami, Florida]] |- |Ivori |22 |''Baddies of Las Vegas 1'' |[[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]] |- |Bad Dolly |32 |''Pick a Side'' |[[Ridgeland, Mississippi|Yazoo City, Mississippi]] |- |Summer |28 | rowspan="3" |''[[Baddies season 6|Baddies Midwest]]'' |[[Detroit|Detroit, Michigan]] |- |Big Lex |23 |[[Akron, Ohio]] |- |Pretty P |30 |[[Milwaukee|Milwaukee, Wisconsin]] |- |Fania |26 |''Baddies Africa'' |[[Jersey City, New Jersey]] |- |Kold Killa |27 | rowspan="2" |''Baddies Africa Auditions'' |[[Columbus, Ohio]] |- |Tavii Babii |36 |[[Brooklyn|Brooklyn, NY]] |- |Elsie K |23 |''Baddies Africa'' |Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe |- |Russian Kream |28 |''Baddies Africa Auditions'' |[[Houston|Houston, Texas]] |- |Kay Rican |28 | rowspan="2" |''Baddies Africa'' |[[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]] |- |Choco Brown |24 |[[Lagos|Lagos, Nigeria]] |} {| class="wikitable" |+ !Supporting cast !Age !First appearance !Hometown |- |Atasha Jefferson |40 |''[[Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta season 5]]'' |[[Newark, New Jersey]] |- |Suzanne Brown |26 |''[[Baddies season 3|Baddies West]]'' |[[Sacramento, California]] |- |Amber Rose |41 |''The Amber Rose Show'' |[[Philadelphia|Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]] |- |Marissa Da’Nae |28 |''Bad vs. Wild'' |[[Amarillo, Texas]] |} {| class="wikitable" |+ !Replacement cast !Age !First appearance !Hometown |- |Latina Rose |22 |''Baddies Africa'' |[[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]] |} 12w9h99zvm43jj4ef4hworbsxghfszm 0 1181951 10368771 10323707 2025-07-03T02:38:14Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368771 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Keb Cuevas | image = Keb Cuevas.jpg | alt = Keb Cuevas speaks at Enactus Philippines wearing the UP Sablay | caption = Cuevas in 2017 | birth_name = Kevin San Miguel Cuevas | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1995|10|06}} | birth_place = [[Las Piñas]], [[Philippines]] | education = | alma_mater = {{hlist|[[University of the Philippines]]|[[Brown University]]}} | occupation = {{hlist|Agriculturist|Journalist|Data Scientist}} | years_active = 2017–present | known_for = {{hlist|Science education content}} | title = The Digital Agriculturist | website = {{URL|kebcuevas.com}} }} '''Keb Cuevas''' (born October 6, 1995) is a [[Filipino]] [[Agriculture|agriculturist]], [[Data science|data scientist]], and [[journalist]]. He is notable for his [[Science|science education]] and public interest content on [[TikTok]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|last=Dulay|first=Patch|date=2020-12-11|title=The Spark Project - Beyond FarmVille and Convention: Tagani and The Farming Millennial|url=https://www.thesparkproject.com/beyond-farmville-and-convention-tagani-and-the-farming-millennial/|access-date=2025-03-27|website=The Spark Project|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":32">{{Cite news|last=Cordona|first=Yssa|date=August 4, 2021|title=What Is The High-5 Banking Method? 6 Valuable Money Management Lessons We Learned From TikTok|work=OneNews.ph|url=https://www.onenews.ph/articles/what-is-the-high-5-banking-method-6-valuable-money-management-lessons-we-learned-from-tiktok-1}}</ref> He is also dubbed as ''The Digital Agriculturist'', being a board-licensed agriculturist with background in data science.<ref name=":23"/> He was awarded as a [[U.S. State Department|Young Southeast Asian Leaders Initiative]] (YSEALI) Fellow for [[Economic development|Economic Development]] in 2018.<ref name=":72">{{Cite web|date=March 19, 2019|title=YSEALI Brown University Fall 2018 Highlights|url=https://www.brown.edu/academics/college/swearer/sites/academics-college-swearer/files/Yseali_Yearbook_5.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426022209/https://www.brown.edu/academics/college/swearer/sites/academics-college-swearer/files/Yseali_Yearbook_5.pdf|archive-date=April 26, 2019|website=Brown University Swearer Center}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-23|title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency|url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154|archive-date=April 23, 2021|access-date=2025-03-27|website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> He currently leads his own digital agriculture firm [[KEBCO]]. == Early Life and Education == Cuevas was born in [[Las Piñas]], [[Philippines]]. He grew up in an informal settlers area and working-class family. He helped with their small business while joining singing contests to support his studies. He finished elementary at Almanza Elementary School and high school at Saint Anthony School of Las Piñas. He started college at [[Adamson University]] before transferring to the [[University of the Philippines|University of the Philippines Los Baños]] (UPLB), where he earned a degree in agribusiness management and became a licensed agriculturist.<ref name=":23">{{Cite web|date=2025-03-14|title=Keb Cuevas {{!}} Data Science Leader - About|url=https://www.kebcuevas.com/about|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250314085641/https://www.kebcuevas.com/about|archive-date=March 14, 2025|access-date=2025-03-27}}</ref> He also studied economics at [[Brown University]] as a [[United States Department of State|U.S. State Department]] scholar.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|date=March 19, 2019|title=YSEALI Brown University Fall 2018 Highlights|url=https://www.brown.edu/academics/college/swearer/sites/academics-college-swearer/files/Yseali_Yearbook_5.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426022209/https://www.brown.edu/academics/college/swearer/sites/academics-college-swearer/files/Yseali_Yearbook_5.pdf|archive-date=April 26, 2019|website=Brown University Swearer Center}}</ref> Later, he studied for a master's degree in data science from the [[Technological Institute of the Philippines]]. In 2023, he was admitted to a PhD program at the [[University of the Philippines|University of the Philippines Diliman]].<ref name=":02"/> He currently is pursuing law at [[Adamson University]]. == Career == === Journalism and Public Education === Cuevas worked at Rappler, focusing on stories about [[fake news]], disaster preparedness, and public engagement.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cuevas|first=Keb|date=2017-12-09|title=Fake news, cybercrimes to gain more ground in 2018 – cybersecurity experts|url=https://www.rappler.com/technology/190574-ransomware-fake-news-trend-micro-prediction-2018/|access-date=2025-03-31|website=RAPPLER|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Cuevas|first=Keb|date=2018-02-14|title=In fighting disinformation and trolls, silence 'cannot be an option'|url=https://www.rappler.com/moveph/196031-disinformation-democracy-forum-fight-back-silence/|access-date=2025-03-31|website=RAPPLER|language=en-US}}</ref> He made [[TikTok]] videos about science, economics, food, and urban agriculture to reach younger audiences.<ref name=":32"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=TikTok - Make Your Day|url=https://www.tiktok.com/@kebcuevas/video/7058304537160994074|access-date=2025-03-29}}</ref> === Startups and Innovation === Cuevas co-founded Tagani, a startup that helped farmers access markets and digital tools. He worked with the Department of Agriculture and other groups to support small farmers. He later joined the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) and helped write the country's National Innovation Strategy.<ref name=":23"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2025-02-28|title=Muck Rack {{!}} For journalists and public relations|url=https://muckrack.com/kebcuevas|access-date=2025-03-27|website=muckrack.com|language=en}}</ref> In 2023, he co-founded Taxikel, a ride-hailing app for rural areas.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Taxikel|url=https://theorg.com/org/taxikel|access-date=2025-03-31|website=THE ORG|language=en}}</ref> === Research and Teaching === Cuevas worked as a data scientist and analytics manager in both government and private companies. He also taught data science at CIIT College of Arts and Technology and joined the National Institute of Physics for PhD research in network science.<ref name=":23"/> == Advocacy Work == Cuevas promotes sustainable farming, mental health, and climate change awareness. He taught safe farming practices during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] and spoke out about farmers' struggles and the need for fair pricing.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|last=Plaridel|date=2020-12-13|title=Pagtugon sa hinaing ng mga magsasaka, binigyang-tuon sa Peasant Situationer|url=https://www.plaridel.ph/index.php/2020/12/13/pagtugon-sa-hinaing-ng-mga-magsasaka-binigyang-tuon-sa-peasant-situationer/|access-date=2025-03-28|website=Ang Pahayagang Plaridel|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Galvez|first=Daphne|date=2019-11-10|title=Price of sayote in Benguet plummets as low as P2 per kilo due to oversupply|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1187995/price-of-sayote-in-benguet-plummets-as-low-as-p2-per-kilo-due-to-oversupply|access-date=2025-03-28|website=INQUIRER.net|language=en}}</ref> He supported urban gardening for mental wellness and climate-resilient agriculture.<ref>{{Cite web|title=DepEd launches Wellness Check Series {{!}} Department of Education|url=https://www.deped.gov.ph/2020/05/15/deped-launches-wellness-check-series/|access-date=2025-03-28|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ep.11: Wellness Check Series (Let It Grow) by DepEd Philippines Official|url=https://creators.spotify.com/pod/show/deped-philippines/episodes/Ep-11-Wellness-Check-Series-Let-It-Grow-e14mc6d|access-date=2025-03-28|website=Spotify for Creators|language=en}}</ref> He is also an advocate for LGBT rights, gender equality, and cultural respect. He supports same-sex marriage, anti-discrimination laws, and [[HIV/AIDS]] prevention.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cuevas|first=Keb|title=Time to reclaim our prom experience. Wearing Kenffer Franco tonight for #QueerPromPH!|url=https://x.com/KebCuevas/status/1806990637826498715}}</ref> Cuevas joined public conversations about cultural appropriation during the Nas Daily-[[Whang-od]] controversy.<ref>{{Cite web|last=laranal|date=2021-08-12|title=The Nas Daily issue reveals the worst (and funniest) of chismosa culture|url=https://pop.inquirer.net/114092/the-nas-daily-issue-reveals-the-worst-and-funniest-of-chismosa-culture|access-date=2025-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Zainalabiden|first=Fayyadhah|date=2021-08-06|title=Nas Daily Accused Of Exploiting Filipino Culture, Vlogger Claims Allegations Are False|url=https://mustsharenews.com/nas-daily-filipino-culture/|access-date=2025-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Push Team|date=August 7, 2021|title=Nas Daily responds to The Cacao Project founder's claims; CamSur town Mayor backs daughter's claims against vlogger|work=ABS-CBN News|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/2021/8/6/fresh-scoops/nas-daily-responds-to-the-cacao-project-founders-195059}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Esguerra|first=Anthony|date=2021-08-06|title=Campaign To Unfollow Nas Daily Gains Traction After Controversy With Tribal Tattoo Artist|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/nas-daily-controversy-philippines/|access-date=2025-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Casco|first=Angela|date=2021-08-09|title=Trending Topic: The Nas Daily-Apo Whang-Od Controversy, From Pinoy Baiting to a Never-ending Call Out Saga|url=https://lifestyleasia-onemega.com/scene/trending-topic-the-nas-daily-apo-whang-od-controversy-from-pinoy-baiting-to-a-never-ending-call-out-saga/|access-date=2025-03-27}}</ref> == Television == * 2021: ''Project GO'' (AXN Asia) - Contestant == References == <references responsive="" /> == Other websites == * [https://muckrack.com/kebcuevas/bio MuckRack Biography] {{DEFAULTSORT:Cuevas, Keb}} [[Category:Filipino activists]] [[Category:Filipino journalists]] [[Category:1995 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Environmentalists]] jekr0h353zefb42djse8czwrkn4qkyf 0 1182793 10368806 10323787 2025-07-03T02:57:55Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox computer | name = Macintosh Plus | logo = [[File:Macintosh Plus.jpg|200px]] | manufacturer = [[Apple Computer]] | type = [[All-in-one computer]] | price = US$2,599 | discontinued = {{End date|1990|10|15}} | cpu = [[Motorola 68000]] @ 7.8 MHz | memory = 1 MB RAM (expandable to 4 MB) | display = 9-inch monochrome, 512 × 342 pixels | os = System Software 3.0–7.5.5 | predecessor = [[Macintosh 512K]] | successor = [[Macintosh SE]] }} The '''Macintosh Plus''' is a personal computer that was designed, manufactured, and sold by [[Apple Computer]] from January 1986 to October 1990. Introduced two years after the original Macintosh, it was the third model in the Macintosh line and featured several hardware improvements over its predecessor, the [[Macintosh 512K]].<ref name="wade">Wade, Tony. ''The Apple Macintosh Book'', 3rd ed., Brady Publishing, 1987.</ref> == Overview == The Macintosh Plus shipped with 1 MB of RAM (expandable to 4 MB via four 30-pin SIMM slots), a new 800 KB floppy drive with two sides, and a [[Small Computer System Interface|SCSI]] port. The SCSI interface allowed the system to connect to external hard drives, printers, scanners, and other peripherals, the first time Apple had done this.<ref name="macplusdevnote">Apple Computer, Inc. ''Macintosh Plus Developer Note''. February 1986. [https://vintageapple.org/devnotes/pdf/Macintosh_Plus.pdf]{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It was also the first Macintosh to support the [[Hierarchical File System|HFS]] for more complex file management. == Features == The Macintosh Plus introduced some improvements including a SCSI port for external devices, 1 MB of RAM, and an 800 KB double-sided floppy disk drive. Its improved RAM capacity allowed it to run more demanding software, and the SCSI port made it popular in desktop publishing and business applications.<ref name="levy">Levy, Steven. ''Insanely Great: The Life and Times of Macintosh, the Computer That Changed Everything''. Viking, 1994.</ref> == Design == The Plus maintained the all-in-one form factor like the computers before it, with a 9-inch monochrome display and small size. It came bundled with a keyboard featuring arrow keys and a numeric keypad. Like earlier models, the Macintosh Plus didn't have an internal fan, which made it quieter than competing PCs but also prone to overheating.<ref name="ritter">Ritter, Steve. "Cooling the Compact Macs." ''MacTech Magazine'', Issue 88, 1992.</ref> On the inside of the case, the names of the original Macintosh development team were molded into the plastic, including [[Steve Jobs]], [[Andy Hertzfeld]], and [[Susan Kare]].<ref name="folklore">Hertzfeld, Andy. [https://www.folklore.org/StoryView.py?project=Macintosh&story=Signing_Party.txt "The Signing Party"]. Folklore.org.</ref> == Software == The Macintosh Plus originally shipped with System Software 3.0 and Finder 5.1, and it remained compatible up to System 7.5.5.<ref name="applekb">Apple Knowledge Base. [https://support.apple.com/kb/SP195 "Macintosh Plus: Technical Specifications"].</ref> It included software bundles, such as [[MacPaint]] and [[MacWrite]], [[HyperCard]], [[Microsoft Excel]] (first released on Macintosh), and [[Aldus PageMaker]]. == Upgrades and compatibility == Apple offered a factory upgrade kit for owners of earlier Macs (128K or 512K), allowing them to convert to a Plus by replacing the motherboard, floppy drive, and back case. Some third-part developers released accelerators and memory expansions that pushed RAM up to 16 MB; far above Apple’s official 4 MB maximum.<ref name="macplusguide">Williams, Gregg. ''The Macintosh Plus Handbook''. Osborne/McGraw-Hill, 1986.</ref> == Known issues == Early Macintosh Plus units had a SCSI bug that would prevent booting when external devices were not powered correctly.<ref name="scsibug">Apple TIL (Technical Information Library). "Macintosh Plus SCSI Booting Issues." Archived 1993.</ref> The lack of a cooling fan led to overheating in some units, with long-term strain on analog board solder joints and power supply failures being common.<ref name="ritter" /> == Legacy == The Macintosh Plus was in production for nearly five years, longer than any other Macintosh until the second-generation Mac Pro (2013–2019). It was a common to see one at schools and universities throughout the late 1980s. Some educational units were sold under the name "Macintosh Plus ED" for institutional use.<ref name="everymac">EveryMac.com. [https://everymac.com/systems/apple/mac_classic/specs/mac_plus.html "Macintosh Plus Specs (1986)".]</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://support.apple.com/kb/SP195 Official Apple specifications] * [https://vintageapple.org/devnotes/pdf/Macintosh_Plus.pdf Macintosh Plus Developer Note (PDF)]{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://www.folklore.org Folklore.org: Macintosh team stories] * [https://www.macintoshrepository.org Macintosh software archive] * [https://everymac.com/systems/apple/mac_classic/specs/mac_plus.html EveryMac: Macintosh Plus Specs] {{Apple hardware}} [[Category:Apple hardware]] 5fnuh7upb9q8hz0cvjzfm30dvm2s2ct 0 1183245 10368928 10324049 2025-07-03T04:05:23Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368928 wikitext text/x-wiki <!--PLEASE DO NOT ADD AN INFO BOX TO THIS PAGE.--> [[Image:Monselice san giorgio.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Villa Duodo. The front of the villa. The church of San Giorgio is on the right of the villa.]] '''Villa Duodo''', also called the '''Villa Valier''', is a [[villa]] in [[Monselice]]. Monselice is near [[Padua]] in the [[Veneto]], northern [[Italy]]. The [[architect]] [[Vincenzo Scamozzi]] made this villa. However, some parts of the villa were [[design]]ed by [[Andrea Tirali]].<ref>dal Lago. p 74</ref> The villa was made for a [[patricianship|patrician]] from [[Venice]]. The patrician was Francesco Duodo, around 1592.<ref>dal Lago, p 89</ref> [[File:Paolo Monti - Servizio fotografico (Monselice, 1967) - BEIC 6329331.jpg|thumb|Villa Duodo photographed by [[Paolo Monti]] in 1967 (Fondo Paolo Monti, [[Biblioteca europea di informazione e cultura|BEIC]]).]] The villa is on the [[Rocca (architecture)|''rocca'' of Monselice]]. It was influenced by [[Palladian]] architecture. The villa is also mostly for [[religion]]. There is also a [[church]] dedicated to [[Saint George|San Giorgio]]. This church is attached to the villa. == Notes == {{Reflist}} == References == *{{cite book|last=dal Lago|first=Adalbert|year=1969|title=Villas and Palaces of Europe|publisher=Paul Hamlyn|isbn=0-600-01235-2|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/villaspalacesofe00dall}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070818192311/http://www.castellodimonselice.it/duodo.asp?language=ita Castello di Monselice, Villa Duodo] retrieved 21 August 2007. This site has photographs of the villa and its grounds. ==Other websites== {{commonscatinline|Villa Duodo (Monselice)}} {{coord|45.2409|N|11.7579|E|source:wikidata|display=title}} [[Category:1590s works]] [[Category:Buildings and structures in Italy]] [[Category:Houses]] 3m97tud08cbieqmyuhoyw9llbdoft3d 0 1183252 10368883 10323700 2025-07-03T03:44:30Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Ray William Johnson | image = | alt = | alma_mater = Columbia University School of General Studies | caption = | birth_date = <!-- DO NOT REMOVE, HAS BEEN CONFIRMED -->{{Birth date and age|1981|08|14}}<ref name="Birthday Episode" /> | birth_place = [[Oklahoma City]], [[Oklahoma]], U.S. | occupation = {{flatlist| * Internet personality * actor * comedian * [[filmmaker]] * rapper * singer * musician }} | spouse = | module = {{Infobox YouTube personality|embed=yes | channels = {{ubl | [https://www.youtube.com/@RayWilliamJohnson Ray William Johnson] | [https://www.youtube.com/@Yourfavoritemartian Your Favorite Martian] }} | pseudonym = | subscribers = {{plainlist| * 18.3 million (Ray William Johnson) * 3.81 million (Your Favorite Martian) <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE WITHOUT UPDATING stats_update BELOW --> }} | views = {{plainlist| * 14.2 billion (Ray William Johnson) * 1.06 billion (Your Favorite Martian) <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE WITHOUT UPDATING stats_update BELOW --> }} | silver_button = yes | silver_year = 2009 | gold_button = yes | gold_year = 2010 | diamond_button = yes | diamond_year = 2013 | stats_update = April 20, 2025 | years active = 2008–present }} }} '''Raymond William Johnson''' (born August 14, 1981) is an American internet personality, actor, and comedian. He became famous for his YouTube series called Equals Three, where he talked about viral videos. His channel was one of the most popular on YouTube in the early 2010s.<ref name="Birthday Episode">{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_RGJF_uexRI |title=BIRTHDAY EPISODE (2012) |date=14 August 2012 |last=William Johnson |first=Ray |time=0:14 |access-date=December 15, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815202455/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_RGJF_uexRI |archive-date=August 15, 2012 |url-status=live |quote=Whoo! We get to do an episode, which is great, cus you know today's my birthday. It really is um no big deal I probably won't bring it again it's it's just another day... |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Who is RayWJ? YouTube's Top Star |date=2012-02-02 |magazine=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204624204577179073123148432 |last=Glazer |first=Emily |access-date=2024-04-14}}</ref> From June 2011 to January 2013, his channel was the most subscribed on YouTube. It was also the first channel to reach 5 million subscribers. By 2013, it had over 10 million subscribers and more than 2 billion views. Ray stopped hosting Equals Three in March 2014, but the show continued with new hosts. He also created other shows like Booze Lightyear, Top 6, and Comedians On.<ref name="WSJ">{{cite news | last=Glazer| first=Emily| title =The 15 most popular YouTubers in the world| newspaper =[[The Record (Stockton)|The Record]]| date =18 September 2015 | url =http://www.recordnet.com/article/ZZ/20150918/business/309189957| access-date =27 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="Forbes1">{{cite magazine | last=Humphrey| first=Michael| title =Ray William Johnson: =3 Adds Up To Most-Subscribed On YouTube| magazine = [[Forbes (magazine)|Forbes]]| date =28 June 2011 | url =https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelhumphrey/2011/06/28/ray-william-johnson-3-adds-up-to-most-subscribed-on-youtube/2/| access-date =27 August 2015}}</ref><ref name="ET">{{cite news | last=Karnik| first=Kiran| title =Given the double-edged sword social media has become, self-regulation by platforms is the best option| newspaper =[[The Economic Times]]| date =4 September 2012 | url =http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-09-04/news/33582074_1_social-media-websites-ray-william-johnson| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20141218032653/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-09-04/news/33582074_1_social-media-websites-ray-william-johnson| url-status =dead| archive-date =December 18, 2014| access-date =29 August 2015}}</ref> == Early life == Ray was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. He went to Norman North High School and graduated in 1999. Later, he studied history at Columbia University in New York, but did not finish his degree. While in college, he began making videos and uploading them to YouTube.<ref name="TFBooze">{{cite news | last=Brouwer| first=Bree| title =Ray William Johnson Returns To YouTube With 'How To Get A Date' | publisher = [[Tubefilter]]| date =12 February 2015 | url =http://www.tubefilter.com/2015/02/12/ray-william-johnson-how-to-get-a-date-short/| access-date =27 August 2015}}</ref><ref name="TFTop6">{{cite news | last=Gutelle| first=Sam| title =Ray William Johnson Produces List Show 'Top 6′ On His YouTube Channel| publisher = [[Tubefilter]]| date =13 February 2015 | url =http://www.tubefilter.com/2015/02/13/top-6-kelly-landry-ray-william-johnson-equals-three/| access-date =27 August 2015}}</ref><ref name="TFComedians">{{cite news | last=Gutelle| first=Sam| title =New Web Series From Ray William Johnson Offers Comedians' Takes On Snapchat| publisher = [[Tubefilter]]| date =6 July 2015 | url =http://www.tubefilter.com/2015/07/06/ray-william-johnson-comedians-on-snapchat/| access-date =27 August 2015}}</ref> == Career == In 2009, Ray started the Equals Three series. It quickly became very popular. He later worked with Maker Studios but left in 2012 after a contract dispute. After that, he created his own studio called Equals Three Studios.<ref name="TFRiley">{{cite news | last=Gutelle| first=Sam| title =Ray William Johnson's 'Riley Rewind' Arrives On Facebook First| publisher = [[Tubefilter]]| date =12 December 2013 | url =http://www.tubefilter.com/2013/12/12/ray-william-johnson-riley-rewind/| access-date =27 August 2015}}</ref> He also made animated music videos on a channel called Your Favorite Martian. This project ended in 2012, but he revived it in 2023 with new videos.<ref name="VarietyFX">{{cite magazine | last=Wallenstein| first=Andrew| title =YouTube Star Ray William Johnson Lands TV Deal| magazine = [[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]| date =17 May 2013 | url =https://variety.com/2013/digital/news/youtube-star-ray-william-johnson-lands-tv-deal-1200483255/| access-date =27 August 2015}}</ref> In 2013, Ray made a web series called Riley Rewind and worked on a TV project with the FX network. He also acted in a movie called Who’s Driving Doug in 2016.<ref name="VarietyDoug">{{cite magazine | last=Spangler| first=Todd| title =YouTube Star Ray William Johnson Lands Role in Indie Film 'Who's Driving Doug'| magazine = [[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]| date =15 May 2014 | url =https://variety.com/2014/digital/news/youtube-star-ray-william-johnson-lands-role-in-indie-film-whos-driving-doug-1201182567/| access-date =27 August 2015}}</ref> == Music and films == Ray is also a musician. He released an album called Fat Damon in 2018. He co-created a film company called Mom & Pop Empire, which made movies and documentaries.<ref name="VarietyDoc">{{cite magazine | last=Spangler| first=Todd| title =Supergravity, Ray William Johnson Team on Documentary Blasting Cable 'Monopolies'| magazine = [[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]| date =14 April 2015 | url =https://variety.com/2015/digital/news/supergravity-ray-william-johnson-team-on-documentary-blasting-cable-monopolies-1201472011/| access-date =27 August 2015}}</ref> == Recent work == In 2020, Ray returned to YouTube with a new series called Svperhvman. He now creates short comedy videos on YouTube Shorts and Facebook. He also brought back Your Favorite Martian after ten years. == Filmography == {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;" ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- | 2009–2014 | ''Equals Three'' | Host as himself (until 2014) | Also creator and executive producer, formerly writer |- | 2010 | ''The Professionals'' | Stan | Episode: "Special Request" |- | 2010 | ''[[Annoying Orange]]'' | Crabapple | Episode: "Crabapple" |- | 2010–2011 | ''Breaking NYC '' | Himself | 66 episodes |- | 2011–2012 | ''Breaking Los Angeles '' | Himself | 8 episodes |- | 2011–2012 | ''Your Favorite Martian: The Animated Series'' | Puff (voice) | 11 episodes |- | 2012 | ''RVC: The Lone Shopping Network'' | Derek | |- | 2013 | ''[[Jay & Silent Bob's Super Groovy Cartoon Movie]]'' | Quick Stop Hipster (voice) | |- | 2013 | ''Riley Rewind'' | Mr. Osborne | Also creator, director, writer, and executive producer |- | 2013–2014 | ''[[Epic Rap Battles of History]]'' | [[Goku]] / [[Boba Fett]] | 2 episodes |- | 2014 | ''[[The Fluffy Movie]]'' | Nurse | |- | 2015 | ''Manson Family Vacation'' | | Executive producer |- | 2015 | ''Booze Lightyear'' | Booze Player | Also creator, writer, and executive producer |- | 2015 | ''Comedians On'' | Himself | Also creator and executive producer |- | 2015 | ''Top 6'' | | Executive producer |- | 2016 | ''[[Who's Driving Doug]]'' | Scott | |- | 2016 | ''We Love You'' | Derrick | |- |} == Discography == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Fatty Spins ! class="unsortable" | Year ! style="width: 25em" class="unsortable" | Name ! style="width: 5em" | Views |- ! rowspan="2"|2009 | "Doin' Your Mom" | 24m |- | "[[The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air theme song|Fresh Prince]]" (cover) | 41k |- ! rowspan="5"|2010 | "YouTube Party" | 118k |- | "Muppet Sex" | 327k |- | "Apple Store Love Song" | 143k |- | "School'd" | 158k |- | "(untitled gangsta song)" | 45k |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Your Favorite Martian ! class="unsortable" | Year ! style="width: 25em" class="unsortable" | Name ! style="width: 5em" | Views |- ! rowspan="23"|2011 | "My Balls" | 1.5m |- | "Zombie Love Song" | 33m |- | "Bottles of Beer" | 13m |- | "Club Villain" | 28m |- | "The Stereotypes Song" | 5.2m |- | "The Unofficial [[Waylon Smithers|Smithers]] Love Song" | 14m |- | "Orphan Tears Part 1"{{efn|features vocals from [[Wax (rapper)|Wax]]}} | 48m |- | "Mr. Douchebag" | 31m |- | "Transphobic Techno (Bitch Got a Penis)" | 18m |- | "Grandma Got a Facebook" | 2.8m |- | "Tig Ol' Bitties" | 3.2m |- | "Fight to Win"{{efn|features vocals from [[DeStorm Power]]}} | 21m |- | "Stalkin' Your Mom"{{efn|features vocals from Wax}} | 24m |- | "Robot Bar Fight" | 17m |- | "8-Bit World"{{efn|features vocals from [[Hoodie Allen]]}} | 19m |- | "Puppet Break-Up"{{efn|music video directed by [[Sam Maccarone|Sam Macaroni]]}} | 411k |- | "Whip Your Kids"{{efn|features vocals from [[Nice Peter]]}} | 5m |- | "Booty Store" | 1.1m |- | "Nerd Rage" | 4.2m |- | "Epileptic Techno" | 1.4m |- | "Dookie Fresh" | 612k |- | "Santa Hates Poor Kids" | 18m |- | "Shitty G" | 10m |- ! rowspan="20"|2012 | "Friend Zone" | 25m |- | "[[Looks Like Sex|She Looks Like Sex (Remix)]]"{{efn|features [[Mike Posner]]}} | 12m |- | "We Like Them Girls"{{efn|music video directed by ForrestFire101}} | 8.9m |- | "Alien" | 16m |- | "White Boy Wasted"{{efn|features vocals from [[Dumbfoundead]]}} | 12m |- | "Complicated" | 15m |- | "Take Over The World" | 17m |- | "Text Me Back" | 12m |- | "Jupiter" | 9.5m |- | "[[Just a Friend]]" ([[Biz Markie]] cover) | 14m |- | "[[Somebody That I Used to Know]]" ([[Gotye]] cover) | 10m |- | "[[Fight for Your Right]]" ([[Beastie Boys]] cover) | 5m |- | "[[Love the Way You Lie]]" ([[Eminem]] and [[Rihanna]] cover) | 8.7m |- | "Road Rage" | 11m |- | "My Balls" (Alt rock cover) | 10m |- | "Alien (Unplugged)" | 3.6m |- | "[[Jump Around]]" ([[House of Pain]] cover) | 500k |- | "[[Bartender Song]]" ([[Rehab (band)|Rehab]] cover) | 4.9m |- | "[[Hybrid Theory|High Voltage]]" ([[Linkin Park]] cover) | 6.1m |- | "Boom Headshot" | 7.8m |- ! rowspan="8" |2022 | "Orphan Tears Part 2" (feat. [[Wax (rapper)|Cartoon Wax]] and Stevi the Demon) | 4.6m |- | "Orphan Tears Part 3" (feat. [[Wax (rapper)|Cartoon Wax]] and Stevi the Demon) | 2.4m |- | "Verified" | 8m |- | "[[Uno (card game)|Uno]] Reverse" (feat. [[Wax (rapper)|Cartoon Wax]]) | 5.9m |- | "Eff This Job" (feat. [[Wax (rapper)|Cartoon Wax]]) | 2.8m |- | "Brain Rave" (feat. Stevi the Demon) | 3.2m |- | "This Is Why I'm Single" (feat. Shuba and [[Wax (rapper)|Cartoon Wax]]) | 4.1m |- | "Rich People" (feat. [[Wax (rapper)|Cartoon Wax]]) | 7.2m |- ! rowspan="8" |2023 | "Gentleman's Ballad" | 2.1m |- | "Everyone Clapped" (feat. [[Wax (rapper)|Cartoon Wax]]) | 3.3m |- | "Date Myself" | 2.9m |- |"Damn I'm Ugly" (feat. Billy Marchiafava) | 2.6m |- |"Telescope" (feat. Stevi the Demon) | 1.9m |- |"Iamverybadazz" | 2.3m |- |"The Trauma Song" |2.2m |- |"Algorithm God" |1.6m |- ! rowspan="8" |2024 |"Real Girl" |1m |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Fat Damon ! class="unsortable" | Year ! style="width: 25em" class="unsortable" | Name ! style="width: 5em" | Views |- ! rowspan="3"|2018 | "Conspiracy Theory Guy" (feat. [[Wax (rapper)|Wax]]) | 269k |- | "Fred Astaire" | 824k |- | "My Life is Dope" | 116k |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ The Upside Downs ! class="unsortable" | Year ! style="width: 25em" class="unsortable" | Name ! style="width: 5em" | Views |- ! rowspan="2"|2018 | "Fred Astaire 1" | 824k |- | "Everything is Bullshit 2" | 152k |- ! rowspan="4"|2020 | "BANG! 3" | 182k |- | "Wolverine 4" | 177k |- | "I'm Speaking 5" | 107k |- | "Pixar Mom 6" | 255k |- ! rowspan="10"|2021 | "You Keep Me Hangin' On 7" | 138k |- | "Ugly 8" | 1.2m |- | "Baby Yoda 9" | 132k |- | "[[Brain Stew / Jaded|Brain Stew]] 10" | 1.1m |- | "Silent Mode 11" | 17k{{efn|Streaming views}} |- | "Let's Do Drugs 12" | 363k |- | "[[Yellow (Coldplay song)|Yellow]] 13" | 363k |- | "Heartcatchthump 14" | 21k{{efn|Streaming views}} |- | "Kung Fu in the Afterlife 15" | 527k |- | "Stupid World 16" | 398k |- ! 2022 | "Everything is Bullshit 12" (Evolved Version) | 11k{{efn|Streaming views}} |} ==Notes== {{notelist}} == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == * {{YouTube|u=raywilliamjohnson|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} * {{IMDb name|3721841}} * {{Instagram|raywilliamjohnson|Ray William Johnson}} {{S-start}} {{S-ach|ach}} {{Succession box | title = [[List of most-subscribed YouTube channels|Most Subscribed Channel on YouTube]] | years = 2011–2013 | before = [[Ryan Higa|nigahiga]] | after = [[Smosh]] }} {{S-end}} {{Use mdy dates|date=September 2014}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Johnson, Ray William}} [[Category:1981 births]] [[Category:American comedians]] [[Category:21st-century American comedians]] [[Category:Columbia College (New York) alumni]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Maker Studios people]] [[Category:Actors from Oklahoma City]] [[Category:Number-one YouTube channels in subscribers]] [[Category:YouTube channels launched in 2009]] [[Category:Comedians from Oklahoma City]] [[Category:YouTubers from Oklahoma]] [[Category:Norman North High School alumni]] [[Category:American comedy rappers]] [[Category:Epic Rap Battles of History]] dq39pnxr12v7ilnlqle7alij2zifrt0 0 1183287 10368797 10323748 2025-07-03T02:53:23Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368797 wikitext text/x-wiki The British Ambassador to France is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in France, and is the head of Britain's diplomatic mission in Paris. ==List of ambassadors== === English ambassadors and Ministers to France === {{Incomplete list|date=August 2008}} * 1446: [[Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cokayne |first=G. E. |author-link=George Edward Cokayne |title=The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom Extant, Extinct, or Dormant |title-link=The Complete Peerage |publisher=[[George Bell & Sons]] |year=1889 |edition=1st |volume=2 |location=London |pages=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerage02cokahrish/page/n63/mode/2up] |language=English}}</ref> * 1505: [[Charles Somerset, 1st Earl of Worcester]] * 1514–1515: [[Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk]] * 1518–1520: [[Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire]] * 1520-1525: [[Richard Wingfield]] * 1529-?: [[Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk]] * Periods in 1540s and 1550s: [[Nicholas Wotton]] * 1559–1564: [[Nicholas Throckmorton]] * 1564–1566: [[Thomas Smith (diplomat)|Thomas Smith]] * 1566: [[Thomas Hoby]] * 1566–1570: [[Henry Norris, 1st Baron Norreys]] * 1570–1573: [[Francis Walsingham]] * 1573–1576: [[Valentine Dale]] * 1576–1579: [[Amias Paulet]] * 1579–1583: [[Sir Henry Cobham|Henry Cobham]] (Henry Brooke) * 1583–1590: [[Edward Stafford (diplomat)|Edward Stafford]] * 1591–1592: [[Henry Unton]]<ref name="ODNB Edmondes">M. Greengrass, ‘Edmondes, Sir Thomas (d. 1639)’, ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, Jan 2008 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/8486], accessed 12 Jan 2009.</ref> ** 1592–1596: [[Thomas Edmondes]] ''Chargé d'affaires''<ref name="ODNB Edmondes"/> * 1596–1597: [[Anthony Mildmay]]<ref>{{Cite ODNB |last=Ford |first=L. L. |title=Mildmay, Sir Walter (1520/21-1589) |date=2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/18694 |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/18694 |accessdate =4 March 2011}}</ref> ** 1597–1599: [[Thomas Edmondes]] ''Chargé d'affaires''<ref name="ODNB Edmondes"/> * 1599–1600: Henry Neville<ref name="ODNB Edmondes"/><!-- also ODNB article on him --> ** 1601 [[Thomas Edmondes]], ''Special Ambassador''<ref name="Palmer"/><ref name="Bell"/> * 1602–1606: [[Thomas Parry (ambassador)|Thomas Parry]]<ref name="Bell"/> ** 1604: [[James Hay, 1st Earl of Carlisle]]<ref name="Bell"/> ** 1604–1605: [[Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox]]<ref name="Bell"/> * 1605–1609: [[George Carew (diplomat)|George Carew]] ''Resident ambassador''<ref name="ODNB Edmondes"/><ref name="Bell"/> ** 1606: [[William Godolphin (Royalist)|William Godolphin]]<ref name="Bell"/> * 1609–1610: [[William Beecher (died 1651)|William Beecher]] ''Chargé d'Affaires''<ref name="Bell"/> * 1610–1617: [[Thomas Edmondes]] ''Resident Ambassador'' <ref name="ODNB Edmondes"/><ref name="Palmer">J. Palmer, ''A Biographical History of England'' (1824), 86.</ref><ref name="Bell"/> ** 1610: [[Edward Wotton, 1st Baron Wotton]]<ref name="Bell"/> ** 1616: [[James Hay, 1st Earl of Carlisle]]<ref name="Bell"/> * 1617–1619: [[William Beecher (died 1651)|William Beecher]] ''Agent'' (''Chargé d'Affaires'')<ref name="Bell"/> * 1619–1624: [[Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury]] ''Resident Ambassador'' (but not Sept 1621 to June 1622)<ref name="Bell"/> * 1621–1622: [[James Hay, 1st Earl of Carlisle|James Hay, Viscount Doncaster]]<ref name="Bell"/> ** 1624–1625: [[Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland]]<ref name="Bell"/> ** 1624–1625: [[James Hay, 1st Earl of Carlisle]]<ref name="Bell"/> * 1624–1625: [[George Goring, 1st Earl of Norwich]] ''Agent''<ref name="Bell"/> ** 1625: [[George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham]]<ref name="Bell"/> * 1625–1627: [[Edward Barrett, 1st Lord Barrett of Newburgh]] appointed ''Resident Ambassador'', but did not go<ref name="Bell"/> ** 1625: [[Thomas Lorkin]] ''Agent''<ref name="Bell"/> ** 1625–1626: [[Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland]] and [[Dudley Carleton, 1st Viscount Dorchester|Dudley Carleton]]<ref name="Bell"/> * 1626–1627: [[Sir William Lewis, 1st Baronet|William Lewis]] ''Agent''<ref name="Bell"/> ** 1626: [[Dudley Carleton, 1st Viscount Dorchester|Dudley Carleton, Lord Carleton]]<ref name="Bell"/> ** 1626: [[Walter Montagu]] * 1626–1627: [[John Hawkins (17th century diplomat)|John Hawkins]]<ref name="Bell"/> * 1627–1628: [[Walter Montagu]]<ref name="Bell"/> ** 1629–1630: [[Thomas Edmonds (MP)|Thomas Edmonds]], ''Special mission''<ref name="ODNB Edmondes"/><ref name="Palmer"/> * 1629–1640: [[Réné Augier]] ''Agent'' (with de Vic) * 1630–1636: [[Sir Henry de Vic, 1st Baronet|Henry de Vic]] ''Agent'' or ''Chargé d'affaires'' when there was no ambassador<ref name="Bell">Gary M. Bell, ''A handlist of British diplomatic representatives 1509–1688'' (Royal Historical Society, Guides and handbooks, 16, 1990).</ref> ** 1630–1631: [[Walter Montagu]] ''Ambassador'' (3 special missions)<ref name="Bell"/> ** 1631–1632: [[Isaac Wake]]<ref name="Bell"/> ** 1631–1633: [[Jerome Weston, 2nd Earl of Portland|Jerome Weston]] ''Special Mission''<ref name="Bell"/> * 1635–1639: [[John Scudamore, 1st Viscount Scudamore]] ''Ambassador Ordinary''<ref name="Bell"/> * 1636–1641: [[Robert Sidney, 2nd Earl of Leicester]] ''Ambassador Extraordinary''<ref name="Bell"/> ** 1639–1640: Thomas Windebank<ref name="Bell"/> * 1641–1650: [[Sir Richard Browne, 1st Baronet, of Deptford|Richard Browne]] ''Agent'' (for Charles I, then representing the exiled Charles II)<ref name="Bell"/> ** 1642–1643: [[William Kerr, 3rd Earl of Lothian]] (for Scots Privy Council and Charles I)<ref name="Bell"/> * 1643–1644: [[George Goring, 1st Earl of Norwich|George Goring, Lord Goring]] (for Charles I)<ref name="Bell"/> * 1644–1651: [[Réné Augier]] ''Agent''; then ''Resident Ambassador'' (for Parliament)<ref name="Bell"/> * 1651–1655: [[Réné Petit]] ''Agent''<ref name="Bell"/> * 1655–1656: [[Réné Augier]] ''Agent''<ref name="Bell"/> * 1656–1659: [[William Lockhart of Lee]] ''Ambassador''<ref name="Bell"/> ** 1658: [[Thomas Belasyse, 1st Earl Fauconberg|Thomas Belasyse, Viscount Fauconberg]]<ref name="Bell"/> * 1660: [[William Crofts, 1st Baron Crofts]] ''Ambassador Extraordinary''<ref name="Bell"/> * 1660–1661: [[Henry Jermyn, 1st Earl of St Albans|Henry Jermyn, Earl of St Albans]] ''Ambassador Extraordinary''<ref name="Bell"/> ** 1661: [[Sir Samuel Tuke, 1st Baronet|Samuel Tuke]] ''Ambassador Extraordinary''<ref name="Bell"/> * 1661-?: [[William Crofts, 1st Baron Crofts]] and [[Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of Rochester|Laurence Hyde]] ''Special Ambassadors''<ref name="Bell"/> * 1662: [[Henry Jermyn, 1st Earl of St Albans|Henry Jermyn, Earl of St Albans]] ''Ambassador Extraordinary''<ref name="Bell"/> * 1662–1663: [[Ralph Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu|Ralph Montagu]] ''Agent?''<ref name="Bell"/> * 1662–1666: [[Denzil Holles, 1st Baron Holles]] ''Ambassador Extraordinary''<ref name="Bell"/> * 1666–1668: [[Henry Jermyn, 1st Earl of St Albans|Henry Jermyn, Earl of St Albans]]<ref name="Bell"/> * 1668: [[John Trevor (1626–1672)|John Trevor]]<ref name="Bell"/> * 1669–1672: [[Ralph Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu|Ralph Montagu]]<ref name="Bell"/> ** 1669 and 1670: [[Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of Dorset|Charles Sackville, Baron Buckhurst]] ** 1670: [[George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham]] ** 1671: [[John Belasyse, 1st Baron Belasyse|John Belasyse, Baron Belasyse]]<ref name="Bell"/> ** 1671 and 1672: [[Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin|Sidney Godolphin]]<ref name="Bell"/> * 1672–1677: [[William Perwich]] ''Agent'' (and ''Chargé d'affaires'' when no ambassador)<ref name="Bell"/> * 1672: [[Henry Savile (politician)|Henry Savile]], Ambassador<ref name="Bell"/><!-- see literature to ''[[Algernon Sidney]]''--> * 1672: [[Thomas Butler, 6th Earl of Ossory]]<ref name="Bell"/> * 1672–1673: [[Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland]]<ref name="Bell"/> * 1673: [[Edward Spragge]]<ref name="Bell"/> * 1673–1675: [[William Lockhart of Lee]]<ref name="Bell"/> ** 1673: [[Henry Mordaunt, 2nd Earl of Peterborough]], 'made diplomatic contact in France, Apr. 1673, on his way to the Emperor'<ref name="Bell"/> ** 1674: [[Bevil Skelton]] ''Secret Mission''<ref name="Bell"/> * 1675–1676: [[John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton]] ''Ambassador Extraordinary''<ref name="Bell"/> * 1676–1678: [[Ralph Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu|Ralph Montagu]] ''Ambassador Extraordinary''<ref name="Bell"/> * 1676–1679: John Brisbane ''Agent''; and then ''Chargé d'affaires''<ref name="Bell"/> ** 1677: [[Louis Duras, 2nd Earl of Feversham]] ''Special Ambassador''<ref name="Bell"/> * 1678–1679: [[Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland]] ''Ambassador Extraordinary''<ref name="Bell"/> * 1679–1682: [[Henry Savile (politician)|Henry Savile]], ''Envoy Extraordinary''<ref name="Bell"/> * 1682–1685: [[Richard Graham, 1st Viscount Preston]], ''Envoy Extraordinary''<ref name="Bell"/> ** 1682: [[Louis de Duras, 2nd Earl of Feversham]], ''Ambassador Extraordinary''<ref name="Bell"/>' ** 1683: [[George Douglas, 1st Earl of Dumbarton]] ''Special Ambassador''<ref name="Bell"/> ** 1683–1684: [[James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton|James Hamilton, Earl of Arran]] ''Ambassador Extraordinary''<ref name="Bell"/> * 1685: [[John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough|John Churchill, Baron Churchill]] ''Ambassador Extraordinary''<ref name="Bell"/> * 1685–1686: [[William Trumbull]] ''Ambassador Extraordinary''<ref name="Bell"/> * 1686–1688: [[Bevil Skelton]] ''Envoy Extraordinary''<ref name="Bell"/> * 1688–1689: [[Henry Waldegrave, 1st Baron Waldegrave]] ''Envoy Extraordinary''<ref name="Bell"/> ===Ambassadors Extraordinary, from 1689=== * ''No representation 1689–1697 due to the [[Nine Years' War]]'' * 1697–1698: [[Hans Willem Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland|The Earl of Portland]]<ref name="Horn">D. B. Horn, ''British Diplomatic Representatives 1689–1789'' (Camden 3rd Ser. 46, 1932)</ref> * 1698–1699: [[Edward Villiers, 1st Earl of Jersey|The Earl of Jersey]]<ref name="Horn"/> * 1699–1701: [[Charles Montagu, 1st Duke of Manchester|The Earl of Manchester]]<ref name="Horn"/> * No representation from 1701 to 1712, due to the [[War of the Spanish Succession]]<ref name="Horn"/> ===Ambassadors and ministers of Great Britain to France=== <ref name="Horn">{{cite book |last=Horn |first=D. B. |title=British Diplomatic Representatives (1689–1789) |publisher=Royal Historical Society |location=London |series=Camden Third Series, Volume 46 |year=1934 |pages=21–26}}</ref> ** 1709: [[Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend|Charles Townshend, Viscount Townshend]] ''Plenipotentiary''<ref name="Horn"/> * 1712: [[James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton|The Duke of Hamilton]] (never took office, being killed in a [[Hamilton–Mohun duel|celebrated duel]] before setting off) ** 1712–1715: [[Matthew Prior]], ''Plenipotentiary''<ref name="Horn"/> * 1712–1713: [[Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury|The Duke of Shrewsbury]]<ref name="Horn"/> * 1714–1720: [[John Dalrymple, 2nd Earl of Stair|The Earl of Stair]], ''Minister-Plenipotentiary'' 1714–1715; ''Envoy Extraordinary 1715; then Ambassador''<ref name="Horn"/> * 1720–1721: [[Robert Sutton (diplomat)|Sir Robert Sutton]], ''Ambassador''<ref name="Horn"/> * 1721–1724: [[Luke Schaub|Sir Luke Schaub]]<ref name="Horn"/> * 1724–1730: [[Horatio Walpole, 1st Baron Walpole of Wolterton|The Lord Walpole of Wolterton]] ''Envoy Extraordinary'' 1724; ''Ambassador Extraordinary'' 1724–1727; ''Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary'' 1727–1730<ref name="Horn"/> * 1730–1740: [[James Waldegrave, 1st Earl Waldegrave|The Earl Waldegrave]]<ref name="Horn"/> * 1740–1744: [[Anthony Thompson, British diplomat|Anthony Thompson]], ''Chargé d'Affaires''<ref name="Horn"/> * ''no representation 1744–1748 due to the [[War of the Austrian Succession]]'' * 1749–1754: [[William Anne Keppel, 2nd Earl of Albemarle|The Earl of Albemarle]]<ref name="Horn"/> * ''no representation 1754–1762 due to the [[Seven Years' War]]'' ** 1761: [[Hans Stanley]], ''Minister: special mission to negotiate peace''<ref name="Horn"/> * 1762–1763: [[John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford|The Duke of Bedford]]<ref name="Horn"/> * 1763–1765: [[Francis Seymour-Conway, 1st Marquess of Hertford|The Earl of Hertford]]<ref name="Horn"/> * 1765–1766: [[Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond|The Duke of Richmond]]<ref name="Horn"/> * 1766–1768: [[William Nassau de Zuylestein, 4th Earl of Rochford|The Earl of Rochford]]<ref name="Horn"/> * 1768–1772: [[Simon Harcourt, 1st Earl Harcourt|The Earl Harcourt]]<ref name="Horn"/> * 1772–1778: [[David Murray, 2nd Earl of Mansfield|The Viscount Stormont]]<ref name="Horn"/> * ''no representation 1778–1782 due to [[American Revolutionary War]]'' * 1782: [[Thomas Grenville]], ''Minister''<ref name="Horn"/> * 1782–1783: [[Alleyne FitzHerbert, 1st Baron St Helens|Alleyne FitzHerbert]], ''Minister Plenipotentiary''<ref name="Horn"/> * 1783–1784: [[George Montagu, 4th Duke of Manchester|The Duke of Manchester]]<ref name="Horn"/> * 1784–1789: [[John Frederick Sackville, 3rd Duke of Dorset]], ''Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary''<ref name="Horn"/><ref name="DipReps2">{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.183620/2015.183620.British-Diplomatic-Representatives1789-1852#page/n3/mode/2up |last1=Bindoff |first1=S. T. |last2=Smith |first2=E. F. Malcolm |last3=Webster |first3=C. K. |title=British Diplomatic Representatives (1789–1852) |publisher=Royal Historical Society |location=London |series=Camden Third Series, Volume 50 |year=1934 |pages=47–48}}</ref> ** 1789–1790: Embassy Secretary Lord Robert Stephen FitzGerald (1765–1833), son of [[James FitzGerald, 1st Duke of Leinster]], acted as ''Minister Plenipotentiary'' from 8 August 1789 to 20 June 1790<ref name="DipReps2"/> * 1790–1792: [[George Leveson-Gower, 1st Duke of Sutherland|Earl Gower]], ''Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary''<ref name="DipReps2"/> * ''No representation after 1792, due to the [[French Revolutionary Wars]]. Diplomatic relations were severed until 1801.''<ref name="DipReps2"/> ** 1797: [[James Harris, 1st Earl of Malmesbury|James Harris, Baron Malmesbury]], ''Plenipotentiary''<ref name="DipReps2"/> ===British Ambassadors and Ministers to France === :''There was no representation of Great Britain or the United Kingdom in France from 1792 to 1801, due to the [[French Revolutionary Wars]]'' *1801–1802: [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|The Marquess Cornwallis]], ''Plenipotentiary'' *1802–1803: [[Charles Whitworth, 1st Earl Whitworth|The Lord Whitworth]]<ref name="DipReps2">S. T. Bindoff, E. F. Malcolm Smith and C. K. Webster, ''British Diplomatic Representatives 1789–1852'' (Camden 3rd Series, 50, 1934).</ref> :''No representation from 1803 to 1814, due to the [[Napoleonic Wars]]'' :*1806: [[Francis Seymour-Conway, 3rd Marquess of Hertford|Francis Seymour-Conway, Earl of Yarmouth]] and [[James Maitland, 8th Earl of Lauderdale]], ''Plenipotentiaries'' <ref name="DipReps2"/> *1814–1815: [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|The Duke of Wellington]]<ref name="DipReps2"/> *1815–1824: Sir [[Charles Stuart, 1st Baron Stuart de Rothesay|Charles Stuart]]<ref name="DipReps2"/> *1824–1828: [[Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Earl Granville|The Viscount Granville]]<ref name="DipReps2"/> *1828–1830: [[Charles Stuart, 1st Baron Stuart de Rothesay|The Lord Stuart de Rothesay]]<ref name="DipReps2"/> *1830–1835: [[Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Earl Granville|The Viscount Granville]]<ref name="DipReps2"/> *1835: [[Henry Wellesley, 1st Baron Cowley|The Lord Cowley]]<ref name="DipReps2"/> *1835–1841: [[Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Earl Granville|The Earl Granville]]<ref name="DipReps2"/> *1841–1846: [[Henry Wellesley, 1st Baron Cowley|The Lord Cowley]]<ref name="DipReps2"/> *1846–1852: [[Constantine Henry Phipps, 1st Marquess of Normanby|The Marquess of Normanby]]<ref name="DipReps2"/> *1852–1867: [[Henry Wellesley, 1st Earl Cowley|The Earl Cowley]]<ref name="DipReps2"/> *1867–1887: [[Richard Lyons, 1st Viscount Lyons|The Viscount Lyons]] *1887–1891: [[Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton|The Earl of Lytton]] *1891–1896: [[Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava|The Marquess of Dufferin and Ava]] *1896–1905: Sir [[Sir Edmund Monson, 1st Baronet|Edmund Monson]]<ref>{{ London Gazette | issue = 26786 |page=5677 | date = 16 October 1896 }}</ref> *1905–1918: Sir [[Francis Leveson Bertie, 1st Viscount Bertie of Thame|Francis Bertie]] *1918–1920: [[Edward Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby|The Earl of Derby]] *1920–1922: [[Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst|The Lord Hardinge of Penshurst]] *1922–1928: [[Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe|The Marquess of Crewe]] *1928–1934: Sir [[William Tyrrell, 1st Baron Tyrrell|William Tyrrell]] *1934–1937: Sir [[George Clerk (diplomat)|George Clerk]] *1937–1939: Sir [[Eric Phipps]] *1939–1940: Sir [[Ronald Hugh Campbell]] :''No representation from 1940 to 1944, due to the German occupation of France during the [[World War II|Second World War]]'' *1944–1948: Sir [[Duff Cooper|Alfred Duff Cooper]], (previously Representative to the Free French in Algiers from 1943) *1948–1954: Sir [[Oliver Charles Harvey, 1st Baron Harvey of Tasburgh|Oliver Harvey]] *1954–1960: Sir [[Gladwyn Jebb]] *1960–1965: Sir [[Pierson Dixon]] *1965–1968: Sir [[Patrick Reilly]] *1968–1972: Sir [[Christopher Soames]] *1972–1975: Sir [[Edward Tomkins]] *1975–1979: Sir [[Nicholas Henderson]] *1979–1982: Sir [[Reginald Hibbert]] *1982–1987: Sir [[John Fretwell]] *1987–1993: Sir [[Ewen Fergusson]] *1993–1996: Sir [[Christopher Mallaby]] *1996–2001: Sir [[Michael Jay, Baron Jay of Ewelme|Michael Jay]] *2001–2007: Sir [[John Holmes (ambassador)|John Holmes]] *2007–2012: Sir [[Peter Westmacott]] *2012–2015: Sir [[Peter Ricketts]] *2016–2016: Sir [[Julian King (diplomat)|Julian King]] *2016–2021: [[Edward Llewellyn, Baron Llewellyn of Steep|Edward Llewellyn, Baron Llewellyn of Steep OBE]] <!-- The coding in the following line is for the *current ambassador*. On a change of ambassador, please make a new normal line (above this comment) for the outgoing ambassador, then put the new name (wikilinked as appropriate) between the onlyinclude and /onlyinclude tags, and any reference *after* the /onlyinclude tag. This takes the name automatically to "List of heads of missions of the United Kingdom" --> *2021–{{As of|2021|08|alt=present}}: <onlyinclude>[[Dame]] [[Menna Rawlings]]</onlyinclude><ref>{{Cite web|title=Change of Her Majesty's Ambassador to France: Menna Rawlings|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/change-of-her-majestys-ambassador-to-france-menna-rawlings--2|access-date=2021-08-09|website=GOV.UK|language=en}}</ref> ==Related pages== * [[List of ambassadors of France to the United Kingdom]] since 1803 ==References== {{Refbegin}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20071020201328/http://www.britishembassy.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket%2FXcelerate%2FShowPage&c=Page&cid=1098086321125 List of Ambassadors to France since 1814], British Embassy, France {{Refend}} {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *[http://www.gov.uk/government/world/france UK and France], ''gov.uk'' [[Category:Lists of ambassadors of the United Kingdom|France]] [[Category:Lists of ambassadors to France|United Kingdom]] [[Category:Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to France| ]] 61bpyyv5kph69zy8o6gfade8q4fvmn5 0 1183534 10368761 10323776 2025-07-03T02:35:15Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368761 wikitext text/x-wiki {{family name hatnote|[[Liu]]|lang=Chinese}} {{infobox person | name = Jasper Liu | image = Jasper Liu 20200901.jpg | alt = | caption = Liu in 2020 | native_name = 劉以豪 | birth_name = Liu Yi-hao | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1986|08|12}} | birth_place = [[Taipei]], [[Taiwan]] | education = [[Dayeh University]] ([[B. F. A.|BFA]]) | alias = Ryu | occupation = {{hlist|Actor|model|singer}} | years_active = 2008–present | module = {{infobox musical artist | embed = yes | genre = [[Mandopop]] | instrument = {{hlist|[[Guitar]]|vocals}} | label = Jasper Liu Studio & [[Pourquoi Pas Music]] <small>(2019–present)</small><br/>Eelin Entertainment <small>(2009–2019)</small> | past_member_of = Morning Call }} | module2 = {{Infobox Chinese |child= yes|hide= no |headercolor=lightblue | t = 劉以豪 | s = 刘以豪 | p = Líu Yǐháo | j = {{tone superscript|Lau4 Ji5-hou4}} | y = Làu Yíh-hòu | poj = Liû Í-hô }} }} '''Jasper Liu Yi-hao''' ({{zh|t=劉以豪}}; born August 12, 1986) is a [[Taiwanese people|Taiwanese]] male [[actor]], [[model]], and [[musician]]. Liu started out as a model before crossing over to acting and gaining recognition across Taiwan and other parts of [[Asia]]. Some of his notable works include ''[[More than Blue (2018 movie)|More than Blue]]'' (2018), ''[[Before We Get Married]]'' (2019), ''[[Triad Princess]]'' (2019), and ''[[Pleasantly Surprised (TV series)|Pleasantly Surprised]]'' (2014). From 2009 to 2016, Liu was a member of the electronic post-rock band [[Morning Call]], playing [[guitar]] and backup [[vocals]]. He released his debut extended play ''U'' on September 4, 2020. ==Discography== ===Singles=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" |- ! Year ! Song title ! Details |- align=center ! scope="row" | 2018 ||"Happy Offshore Island"<br />(幸福離島)|| *<small>Singer(s):</small> [[Summer Meng]] feat. Jasper Liu |- align=center ! scope="row" | 2019 ||"A Kind of Sorrow"<br />(有一種悲傷)|| |} ===Extended plays=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" |Title ! scope="col" |Album details ! scope="col" |Track listing |- ! scope="row" | ''U'' | * Released: 4 September 2020 * Label: [[Pourquoi Pas Music]] * Formats: CD, digital download | {{hidden|Track listing| # U # Your Favorite Song (半空) # Stay with You (走吧走吧) # A Kind of Sorrow (有一種悲傷) }} |- |} ==Awards and nominations== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Award !Category !Nominated work !Result |- align=center |2008|| Eelin Model Search|| Male Model – 3rd place || {{n/a}}|| {{won}} |- align=center |2013|| Bella Awards|| Warm Superstar Potential Award<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.she.com.tw/style/celeb-styles/3043-%E3%80%8Abella%E5%84%82%E5%84%82%E3%80%8B%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%80%E5%BA%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BE%8E%E5%A6%9D%E7%95%8C%E7%9B%9B%E5%85%B8%E4%BE%86%E8%87%A8%EF%BC%81%E8%83%A1%E5%AE%87%E5%A8%81%E3%80%81%E5%8A%89%E4%BB%A5%E8%B1%AA%E7%8D%B2%E9%81%B8%E5%AE%8C%E7%BE%8E%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9Fno1 |title=《bella儂儂》一年一度的美妝界盛典來臨！胡宇威、劉以豪獲選完美巨星No1 &#124; she.com Taiwan |accessdate=2014-11-13 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141128104601/http://www.she.com.tw/style/celeb-styles/3043-%E3%80%8Abella%E5%84%82%E5%84%82%E3%80%8B%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%80%E5%BA%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BE%8E%E5%A6%9D%E7%95%8C%E7%9B%9B%E5%85%B8%E4%BE%86%E8%87%A8%EF%BC%81%E8%83%A1%E5%AE%87%E5%A8%81%E3%80%81%E5%8A%89%E4%BB%A5%E8%B1%AA%E7%8D%B2%E9%81%B8%E5%AE%8C%E7%BE%8E%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9Fno1 |archivedate=2014-11-28 }} bella儂儂 劉以豪獲選完美巨星No1. Retrieved 11-13-2014</ref> || {{n/a}}|| {{won}} |- align=center |rowspan=7|2014|| Yahoo Kimo Beauty Awards || Male – 2nd place|| {{n/a}} ||{{won}} |- align=center | rowspan="6" | [[Sanlih Drama Awards]]<ref>[http://www.setn.com/News.aspx?PageGroupID=8&NewsID=52559] 2014華劇大賞／燈燈～完整得獎名單在此！. Retrieved 12-14-2014</ref>|| Best Screen Couple Award <small>(with [[Puff Kuo]])</small> || rowspan="6" | ''[[Pleasantly Surprised (TV series)|Pleasantly Surprised]]''|| {{nom}} |- align=center | Best Crying Award <small>(with Puff Kuo)</small> || {{nom}} |- align=center | Best Kiss Award <small>(with Puff Kuo)</small> || {{won}} |- align=center | Best Actor Award || {{nom}} |- align=center | China Wave Award || {{nom}} |- align=center | Weibo Popularity Award || {{nom}} |- align=center |2016|| [[Seoul International Drama Awards]] || Asia Star Award || {{n/a}} || {{won}} |- align=center |rowspan=3|2018|| [[Busan International Film Festival]] || Face of Asia Award || {{n/a}} || {{won}} |- align=center | [[Asia Artist Awards]] || AAA Choice Award || {{n/a}} || {{won}} |- align=center | [[StarHub|Starhub Night of Stars]] || Dazzling Star Award || {{n/a}} || {{won}} |} ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category|Jasper Liu}} *{{Facebook|jasper.liuyihow|Jasper Liu}}{{in lang|zh}} *{{instagram|ryu19860812|Jasper Liu}}{{in lang|zh}} * [http://www.eelin.com.tw/page/ArtistPage.aspx?ID=155 Eelin page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104122702/http://www.eelin.com.tw/page/ArtistPage.aspx?ID=155 |date=2014-11-04 }}{{in lang|zh}} * [http://tw.weibo.com/1893118355 Jasper Liu Weibo page]{{in lang|zh}} * [https://www.facebook.com/eelin.Morningcall/timeline Morning Call Facebook page]{{in lang|zh}} *{{IMDb name|6630432}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Liu, Jasper}} [[Category:1986 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Taiwanese television presenters]] [[Category:People with ankylosing spondylitis]] gppuhufs4p88idd1f9akkt4a81naus9 0 1183536 10368749 10323789 2025-07-03T02:28:09Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368749 wikitext text/x-wiki {{EngvarB|date=April 2015}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}} {{Infobox officeholder |honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]] |name = Iain Macleod |honorific-suffix = |image=The National Archives UK - CO 1069-166-17 Macleod crop.jpg |office = [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]] |primeminister = [[Edward Heath]] |term_start = 20 June 1970 |term_end = 20 July 1970 |predecessor = [[Roy Jenkins]] |successor = [[Anthony Barber]] |office1 = [[Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer]] |leader1 = Edward Heath |term_start1 = 11 November 1965 |term_end1 = 20 June 1970 |predecessor1 = Edward Heath |successor1 = Roy Jenkins |office2 = [[Leader of the House of Commons]] |primeminister2 = [[Harold Macmillan]] |term_start2 = 9 October 1961 |term_end2 = 20 October 1963 |predecessor2 = [[Rab Butler]] |successor2 = [[Selwyn Lloyd]] |office3 = [[Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster]] |primeminister3 = Harold Macmillan |term_start3 = 9 October 1961 |term_end3 = 20 October 1963 |predecessor3 = [[Charles Hill, Baron Hill of Luton|Charles Hill]] |successor3 = [[John Hare, 1st Viscount Blakenham|The Lord Blakenham]] |office4 = [[Chairman of the Conservative Party]] |leader4 = Harold Macmillan |term_start4 = 9 October 1961 |term_end4 = 20 October 1963 |predecessor4 = Rab Butler |successor4 = The Lord Blakenham |office5 = [[Secretary of State for the Colonies]] |primeminister5 = Harold Macmillan |term_start5 = 14 October 1959 |term_end5 = 9 October 1961 |predecessor5 = [[Alan Lennox-Boyd]] |successor5 = [[Reginald Maudling]] |office6 = [[Secretary of State for Employment|Minister of Labour and National Service]] |primeminister6 = [[Anthony Eden]]<br />Harold Macmillan |term_start6 = 20 December 1955 |term_end6 = 14 October 1959 |predecessor6 = [[Walter Monckton]] |successor6 = Edward Heath |office7 = [[Secretary of State for Health and Social Care|Minister of Health]] |primeminister7 = [[Winston Churchill]]<br />Anthony Eden |term_start7 = 7 May 1952 |term_end7 = 20 December 1955 |predecessor7 = [[Harry Crookshank]] |successor7 = [[Robin Turton]] |office8 = Member of Parliament<br />for [[Enfield West]] |term_start8 = 23 February 1950 |term_end8 = 20 July 1970 |predecessor8 = [[Ernest Davies (Enfield MP)|Ernest Davies]] {{small|([[Enfield (UK Parliament constituency)|Enfield]])}} |successor8 = [[Cecil Parkinson]] |birth_name = Iain Norman Macleod |birth_date = {{birth date|1913|11|11|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Skipton]], United Kingdom |death_date = {{death date and age|1970|7|20|1913|11|11|df=y}} |death_place = [[London]], United Kingdom |party = [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] |alma_mater = [[Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge]] |spouse = {{marriage|[[Evelyn Macleod, Baroness Macleod of Borve|Evelyn Blois]]|1941}} |children = 2 }} '''Iain Norman Macleod''' (11 November 1913 – 20 July 1970) was a British [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] politician. Macleod had [[ankylosing spondylitis]]. He is buried in the churchyard of [[Gargrave]] Church in [[North Yorkshire]], near his [[mother]] who had died seven weeks earlier.<ref name="Matthew 2004, pp. 810–16"/> [[Evelyn Macleod]] was struck down in June 1952 with [[meningitis]] and [[polio]], but subsequently managed to walk again with the aid of sticks and worked hard to support her husband's career. After her husband's death she accepted a peerage in 1971 and took her seat in the [[House of Lords]] as Baroness Macleod of Borve.<ref name="Matthew 2004, pp. 810–16"/> Macleod's daughter Diana Heimann was a [[UK Independence Party]] candidate at [[Banbury (UK Parliament constituency)|Banbury]] in the [[2005 United Kingdom general election|2005 general election]]. His [[estate]] was valued for probate at £18,201 (around £250,000 at 2016 prices).<ref name="Matthew 2004, pp. 810–16"/><ref name="measuringworth.com"/> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Sources== * The Macleods – The Genealogy of a Clan, Section Four by Alick Morrison, M.A., by Associated Clan Macleod Societies, Edinburgh, 1974 * The MacLeods – The Genealogy of a Clan, Section Four by The Late Major Loudoun Hector Davenport MacLeod, RM, 1988 * {{cite book|last1=Dell|first1=Edmund|author-link1=Edmund Dell|year=1997|title=The Chancellors: A History of the Chancellors of the Exchequer, 1945–90|location=London|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=978-0-006-38418-2}} * {{cite book |last = Dutton |first = David|year = 2001|title = Neville Chamberlain (Reputations) | publisher = Hodder Arnold| isbn = 978-0-340-70627-5}} * {{cite book |last=Goldsworthy |first=David |chapter=Macleod, Iain Norman |editor-last = Matthew|editor-first = Colin| editor-link = Colin Matthew| year = 2004| title = Dictionary of National Biography|volume = 35| location = Oxford| publisher = Oxford University Press| isbn = 978-0198614111}} * Grigg ''Lloyd George: War Leader '' (Allen Lane, London, 2002) {{ISBN|0-7139-9343-X}} * {{cite book |last = Kyle |first = Keith|year = 2011|orig-year = 1991|title = Suez: Britain's End of Empire in the Middle East | publisher = I B Tauris| isbn = 978-1-448-20321-5}} * {{cite book |last = Jenkins |first = Roy|year = 2012|orig-year = 1993|title = Portraits and Miniatures | publisher = Bloomsbury| isbn = 978-1-848-85533-5}} * {{cite book|last1=Pelling|first1=Henry|author-link1=Henry Pelling|year=1992|origyear=1963|title= A History of British Trade Unionism |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofbritish0000pell_q0t7|location=London|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-0-14-013640-1}} * {{cite book |last = Shepherd |first = Robert|year = 1994|title = Iain Macleod |url = https://archive.org/details/iainmacleod0000shep | publisher = Hutchinson| isbn = 978-0-091-78567-3}} * {{cite book|last = Thorpe|first = D. R.| author-link = D. R. Thorpe|year = 2010|title = Supermac: The Life of Harold Macmillan|url = https://archive.org/details/supermaclifeofha0000thor_v0d5|edition = Kindle|location = London|publisher = Chatto & Windus|isbn = 978-1844135417}} * {{cite book|last = Williams|first = Philip Maynard| year = 1985|orig-year=1979|title = Hugh Gaitskell|location = London|publisher = Jonathan Cape Ltd|isbn = 978-0-224-01451-9}} ==Other websites== *[http://www.unithistories.com/officers/Army_officers_M01.html#Macleod_IN British Army Officers 1939−1945] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20140530003340/http://www.totalpolitics.com/history/363527/the-tragic-loss-of-iain-macleod.thtml "The tragic loss of Iain Macleod"], [[Douglas Hurd]], ''[[Total Politics]]'', 21 February 2013 {{Commons category}} *{{Hansard-contribs | mr-iain-macleod | Iain Macleod }} {{s-start}} {{s-par|uk}} {{s-new|constituency}} {{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament<br>for [[Enfield West]]|years=[[1950 United Kingdom general election|1950]]–[[1970 Enfield West by-election|1970]]}} {{s-aft|after=[[Cecil Parkinson]]}} |- {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Harry Crookshank]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Secretary of State for Health and Social Care|Minister of Health]]|years=1952–1955}} {{s-aft|after=[[Robin Turton]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Walter Monckton]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Secretary of State for Employment|Minister of Labour and National Service]]|years=1955–1959}} {{s-aft|after=[[Edward Heath]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Alan Lennox-Boyd]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Secretary of State for the Colonies]]|years=1959–1961}} {{s-aft|after=[[Reginald Maudling]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Rab Butler]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Leader of the House of Commons]]|years=1961–1963}} {{s-aft|after=[[Selwyn Lloyd]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Charles Hill, Baron Hill of Luton|Charles Hill]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster]]|years=1961–1963}} {{s-aft|after=[[John Hare, 1st Viscount Blakenham|The Lord Blakenham]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Edward Heath]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer]]|years=1965–1970}} {{s-aft|after=[[Roy Jenkins]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Roy Jenkins]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Chancellor of the Exchequer]]|years=1970}} {{s-aft|after=[[Anthony Barber]]}} |- {{s-ppo}} {{s-bef|before=[[Rab Butler]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Chair of the Conservative Party]]|years=1961–1963|alongside=[[Oliver Poole, 1st Baron Poole|The Lord Poole]] {{small|(1963)}}}} {{s-aft|after=[[John Hare, 1st Viscount Blakenham|The Lord Blakenham]]}} |- {{s-media}} {{s-bef|before=[[Iain Hamilton (journalist)|Iain Hamilton]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Editor of ''[[The Spectator]]''|years=1963–1965}} {{s-aft|after=[[Nigel Lawson]]}} {{s-end}} {{Secretaries of state for health}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Macleod, Iain}} [[Category:1913 births]] [[Category:1970 deaths]] [[Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Sportspeople from Yorkshire]] [[Category:The Spectator editors]] [[Category:UK MPs 1950–1951]] [[Category:UK MPs 1951–1955]] [[Category:UK MPs 1955–1959]] [[Category:UK MPs 1959–1964]] [[Category:UK MPs 1964–1966]] [[Category:UK MPs 1966–1970]] [[Category:UK MPs 1970–1974]] [[Category:People with ankylosing spondylitis]] {{bio-stub}} neqmh7hmno213z4hukx4xjxnn0uwhuq 0 1183543 10368818 10323800 2025-07-03T03:11:38Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|Robert Deal|the 18th-century pirate|Robert Deal (pirate)}} {{Use mdy dates|date=June 2022}} {{Infobox musical artist | name = Mick Mars | image = Mick Mars 2012.jpg | caption = Mick Mars in 2012 | birth_name = Robert Alan Deal | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1951|5|4|mf=y}} | birth_place = [[Terre Haute, Indiana]], U.S. | occupation = {{hlist|Musician|songwriter}} | instrument = Guitar | genre = {{flatlist| * [[Heavy metal music|Heavy metal]] * [[hard rock]] * {{nowrap|[[glam metal]]}} * [[blues rock]] }} | years_active = 1965–present | past_member_of = [[Mötley Crüe]] }} '''Robert Alan Deal'''<ref name=ultimateguitar /> (born May 4, 1951),<ref name=ultimateguitar>{{cite web|last=Rosen|first=Steven|title=Motley Crue's Mick Mars: 'I've Always Been About Melody And Tone'|publisher=[[Ultimate Guitar Archive]]|date=September 6, 2008|access-date=June 11, 2011|url=http://www.ultimate-guitar.com/interviews/interviews/motley_crues_mick_mars_ive_always_been_about_melody_and_tone.html|archive-date= December 11, 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211001350/https://www.ultimate-guitar.com/interviews/interviews/motley_crues_mick_mars_ive_always_been_about_melody_and_tone.html|quote=Mick Mars came into this world as Robert Alan Deal. He was born in Terre Haute, Indiana, on May 4, 1951}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |last=Mars |first=Mick |author-link=Mick Mars |user=mrmickmars |number=1124748130489118727 |date=May 4, 2019 |title=Thank all of my fans,friends, and family for all the Happy Birthday tweets, messages, instagrams. I appreciate everyone of them. Thank you remembering Peace to you all 👽🛸|access-date=September 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808172927/https://twitter.com/mrmickmars/status/1124748130489118727 |archive-date=August 8, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Motley Crue Shares Epic Photo for Mick Mars' 70th Birthday {{!}} 103.7 FM 80s+|url=https://80splusradio.iheart.com/featured/martha-quinn/content/2021-05-04-motley-crue-shares-epic-photo-for-mick-mars-70th-birthday/|access-date=July 24, 2021|website=Martha Quinn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=K|first=Enes|date=May 6, 2019|title=Nikki Sixx Celebrates Mötley Crüe Star's Birthday With An Exciting News|url=https://metalheadzone.com/nikki-sixx-celebrates-motley-crue-stars-birthday-with-an-exciting-news/|access-date=July 24, 2021|website=Metalhead Zone|archive-date=July 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724004632/https://metalheadzone.com/nikki-sixx-celebrates-motley-crue-stars-birthday-with-an-exciting-news/|url-status=dead}}</ref> known professionally as '''Mick Mars''', is an American musician best known as the former lead guitarist and co-founder of the [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]] band [[Mötley Crüe]], being the oldest of the four original members. He is known for his aggressive, melodic solos and bluesy [[riff]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|last=June 2011|first=Neil Zlozower 07|title=Dear Guitar Hero: Mick Mars|url=https://www.guitarworld.com/features/dear-guitar-hero-mick-mars|access-date=July 7, 2020|website=guitarworld|date=June 7, 2011}}</ref> == Discography == === Solo === * ''[[The Other Side of Mars]]'' (2024) === With Mötley Crüe === {{Main|Mötley Crüe discography}} * ''[[Too Fast for Love]]'' (1981) * ''[[Shout at the Devil]]'' (1983) * ''[[Theatre of Pain]]'' (1985) * ''[[Girls, Girls, Girls (Mötley Crüe album)|Girls, Girls, Girls]]'' (1987) * ''[[Dr. Feelgood (album)|Dr. Feelgood]]'' (1989) * ''[[Mötley Crüe (album)|Mötley Crüe]]'' (1994) * ''[[Generation Swine]]'' (1997) * ''[[New Tattoo]]'' (2000) * ''[[Saints of Los Angeles]]'' (2008) === With Hear 'n Aid === * ''[[Hear 'n Aid]]'' (1986) == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == {{commons category}} *{{Instagram|mr.mickmars}} *{{IMDb name|id=1016427}} {{Mötley Crüe}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mars, Mick}} [[Category:1951 births]] [[Category:20th-century American guitarists]] [[Category:21st-century American guitarists]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Mötley Crüe members]] [[Category:People from Terre Haute, Indiana]] [[Category:Singers from Indiana]] [[Category:People with ankylosing spondylitis]] rto05dfiq5ivl3grtloaq9bzzw8t6td 0 1183544 10368843 10323882 2025-07-03T03:19:50Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{expand Russian|topic=bio|date=July 2018}} {{Infobox writer | name = Nikolai Ostrovsky | image = N Ostrovskiy.jpg | imagesize = 200px | caption = Nikolai Ostrovsky | pseudonym = | birth_date = {{birth date|1904|09|29|df=y}} | birth_place = {{ill|Viliia, Rivne Oblast|lt=Viliia|uk|Вілія (Рівненський район)}}, [[Volhynian Governorate]], [[Russian Empire]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1936|12|22|1904|09|22|df=y}} | death_place = [[Moscow]], [[Russian SFSR]], [[Soviet Union]] | resting_place = [[Novodevichy Cemetery]], Moscow | education = | alma_mater = Sverdlov Communist University | occupation = [[Novelist]], [[Chekism|Chekist]], [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Communist Party]] member | nationality = [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]] | language = [[Russian language|Russian]] | period = | genre = [[Socialist Realist]] | subject = | movement = | notableworks = ''[[How the Steel Was Tempered]]'' | spouse = Raisa Porfyrivna (née Motsyuk) | partner = <!-- or: | partners = --> | children = | relatives = | awards = | signature = | website = | footnotes = }} '''Nikolai Alekseyevich Ostrovsky''' ({{langx|ru|Николай Алексеевич Островский}}; {{langx|uk|Микола Олексійович Островський|Mykola Oleksiiovych Ostrovskyi}}; 29 September 1904 – 22 December 1936) was a blind [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[socialist realist]] writer. He is best known for his novel ''[[How the Steel Was Tempered]]''. After living for years with [[paralysis]], [[illness]] and blindness due to congenital [[ankylosing spondylitis]] as well as complications from [[typhus]], Ostrovsky [[death|died]] on 22 December 1936, aged 32. Because of his early death, he was unable to complete his second novel, ''[[Born of the Storm]]'', on the [[Russian Civil War]]. ==Quotations== {{blockquote|The dearest possession of any person is life. It is given only once, and it must not be lived only to feel tortured by regrets for wasted years or to know the burning shame of a mean and petty past; so live that when dying you have a right to say: all my life, all my strength was given to the finest cause in the world – the fight for the liberation of humankind.}} ==References== {{reflist}} * [https://www.persee.fr/doc/cmr_0008-0160_1981_num_22_4_1923 Елена Толстая-Сегал, К литературному фону книги : 'Как закалялась сталь', Cahiers du Monde Russe Année 1981 22-4 pp.&nbsp;375–399] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191025135809/https://www.rulit.me/books/obruchennye-s-ideej-o-povesti-kak-zakalyalas-stal-nikolaya-ostrovskogo-read-122693-1.html Лев Аннинский, Обрученные с идеей (О повести 'Как закалялась сталь' Николая Островского)] * Раиса Островская, Николай Островский, серия ЖЗЛ, Молодая гвардия, 1984 * Евгений Бузни, Литературное досье Николая Островского * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190723123307/http://www.rgbs.ru/tiflology/tiflonews/vechera/2015-v/prezentatsiya-monografii-t-i-andronovoy-slishkom-malo-ostalos-zhit-nikolay-ostrovskiy-/ Тамара Андронова, Слишком мало осталось жить... Николай Островский. Биография. – М.: Государственный музей – Гуманитарный центр «Преодоление» имени Н.А. Островского, 2014.] * [http://www.sovlit.net/bios/ostrovsky.html Entry in the Encyclopedia of Soviet Writers] * [http://ukrlife.org/main/prosvita/m_ostrov.htm Jurij Mycyk. Did the Author of Pavka Korchagin Take Part in the Civil War?] {{in lang|uk}} * [http://www.umoloda.kiev.ua/number/1008/163/36510/ Bohdan Dem′janchuk. How Ostrovsky Was Tempered] {{in lang|uk}} * [http://www.day.kiev.ua/124732/ Petro Kraljuk. The "Steel" Man from Shepetivka] {{in lang|uk}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070310181716/http://www.zn.kiev.ua/nn/show/333/30248/ Svitlana Kabachynsjka. Life Free from Shame] {{in lang|ru}} * [https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/ostrovsky-museum The Nikolay Ostrovsky state museum - humanitarian center "Overcoming" at Google Cultural Institute] ==Other websites== {{Commons category-inline}} {{Authority control}} {{bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ostrovsky, Nikolai}} [[Category:1904 births]] [[Category:1936 deaths]] [[Category:Russian communists]] [[Category:Soviet writers]] [[Category:Blind writers]] [[Category:People with ankylosing spondylitis]] [[Category:Deaths from typhus]] [[Category:Deaths from arthritis]] llgxwg06zbbits38epx7z37943ltrxu 0 1183545 10368707 10323927 2025-07-03T02:14:58Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Christa Reinig | image = | caption = | birth_name = <!-- if different --> | birth_date = 6 August 1926 | birth_place = [[Berlin]], [[Germany]] | death_date = 30 September 2008 | death_place = [[Munich]], Germany | other_names = | occupation = German poet, fiction and non-fiction writer, and dramatist | years_active = | spouse = | partner = | children = | website = }} '''Christa Reinig''' (6 August 1926, in [[Berlin]] – 30 September 2008, in [[Munich]]) was a [[German people|German]] [[poet]], [[fiction]] and [[non-fiction]] [[writer]], and dramatist. She began her career in the [[Soviet occupation zone]] which became [[East Berlin]], was banned there, after publishing in [[West Germany]], and moved to the West in 1964, settling in Munich. She was openly [[lesbian]]. Her works are marked by black humor, and irony. ==Works== ===Poetry=== * ''[[Die Steine von Finisterre]]''. 1961. Partial trans. Ruth and Matthew Mead, ''[[The Tightrope Walker]]''. Edinburgh: Rutherford, 1981. {{OCLC|17565306}} * ''[[Gedichte]]''. Frankfurt: Fischer, 1963. {{OCLC|1318938}} * ''[[Schwabinger Marterln. Freche Grabsprüche für Huren, Gammler und Poeten]]''. Stierstadt im Taunus: Eremiten, 1969. {{OCLC|473044494}} * ''[[Schwalbe von Olevano]]''. Stierstadt im Taunus: Eremiten, 1969. {{OCLC|288414}} * ''[[Papantscha-Vielerlei: Exotische Produkte Altindiens]]''. Stierstadt im Taunus: Eremiten, 1971. {{ISBN|978-3-87365-018-3}} * ''[[Die Ballade vom Blutigen Bomme]]''. Düsseldorf: Eremiten, 1972. {{ISBN|978-3-87365-035-0}} * ''Müßiggang ist aller Liebe Anfang''. Düsseldorf: Eremiten, 1979. {{ISBN|978-3-87365-142-5}}. Munich: Frauenoffensive, 1980. {{ISBN|978-3-88104-094-5}}. Trans. Ilze Mueller. ''[[Idleness is the Root of All Love]]''. Corvallis, Oregon: Calyx, 1991. {{ISBN|978-0-934971-22-5}} * ''[[Sämtliche Gedichte]]''. Düsseldorf: Eremiten, 1984. {{ISBN|978-3-87365-198-2}} * ''[[Die Prüfung des Lächlers: Gesammelte Gedichte]]''. Munich: DTV, 1970, 1984. {{ISBN|978-3-423-06301-2}} ===Stories=== * "[[Eine Ruine]]" (1949) and "[[Ein Fischerdorf]]" (1951) in ''[[Anthologien der DDR]]'' * ''[[Der Traum meiner Verkommenheit]]''. Berlin: Fietkau, 1961. {{OCLC|163764389}} * ''[[Drei Schiffe: Erzählungen, Dialoge, Berichte]]''. Frankfurt: Fischer, 1965. {{OCLC|1998542}} * ''[[Orion trat aus dem Haus: neue Sternbilder]]''. Stierstadt im Taunus: Eremiten, 1968. {{OCLC|4630562}} * ''[[Das grosse Bechterew-Tantra: Exzentrische Anatomie]]''. Stierstadt im Taunus: Eremiten, 1970. {{ISBN|978-3-87365-007-7}} * ''[[Hantipanti: zwölf Kindergeschichten zum Nachdenken und ein Nachwort]]''. Weinheim: Beltz, 1972. {{OCLC|774249287}} * ''[[Kluge else, Katherlieschen und Gänsemagd als Bremer Stadtmusikanten|Clever Elsie, Frederick and Catherine, and The Goose Girl Meets The Four Bremen City Musicians]]''. Weinheim: [[Beltz & Gelberg]], 1976. {{ISBN|3-407-80518-7}} * ''[[Der Wolf und die Witwen: Erzählungen und Essays]]''. Düsseldorf: Eremiten, 1980. {{ISBN|978-3-87365-151-7}}. Munich: Frauenoffensive, 1981. {{ISBN|978-3-88104-108-9}} * ''[[Die ewige Schule]]''. Munich: Frauenoffensive, 1982. {{ISBN|978-3-88104-116-4}} * ''[[Nobody and other stories (Christa Reinig novel)|Nobody and other stories]]''. Düsseldorf: Eremiten, 1989. {{ISBN|978-3-87365-246-0}} * ''[[Glück und Glas]]''. Düsseldorf: Eremiten, 1991. {{ISBN|978-3-87365-262-0}} * ''[[Simsalabim]]''. Düsseldorf: Eremiten, 1991. {{ISBN|978-3-87365-316-0}} * ''[[Der Frosch im Glas: neue Sprüche]]''. Düsseldorf: Eremiten, 1994. {{ISBN|978-3-87365-288-0}} ===Novels=== * ''[[Die himmlische und die irdische Geometrie]]''. Düsseldorf: Eremiten, 1975. {{ISBN|978-3-87365-080-0}} * ''[[Entmannung: die Geschichte Ottos und seiner vier Frauen]]''. Düsseldorf: Eremiten, 1976. {{ISBN|978-3-87365-096-1}} * ''[[Die Frau im Brunnen]]''. Munich: Frauenoffensive, 1984. {{ISBN|978-3-88104-139-3}} ===Audio plays=== * ''[[Kleine Chronik der Osterwoche]]''. 1965 * ''[[Tenakeh]]''. 1965 * ''[[Wisper]]''. 1967 * ''[[Das Aquarium]]''. 1967 ===Non-fiction=== * ''[[Das Gelbe vom Himmel: Betrachtungen]]''. Düsseldorf: Eremiten, 2006. {{ISBN|978-3-87365-340-5}} ===Translations=== * [[Marina Tsvetaeva|Marina Zwetajewa]]. ''[[Gedichte]]''. Berlin: Wagenbach, [1968]. {{OCLC|164182941}} ==Honours== * 1964 [[Literaturpreis der Stadt Bremen|Bremen Literature Prize]], for ''[[Gedichte]]''<ref name=Rundschau/> * 1965 [[Villa Massimo]] Fellowship<ref>[http://www.villamassimo.de/de/stipendiaten/vm19132006/index.html Die Stipendiaten der Villa Massimo vom Gründungsjahr 1913 bis 2011] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110413204141/http://www.villamassimo.de/de/stipendiaten/vm19132006/index.html |date=April 13, 2011 }}, German Academy in Rome {{in lang|de}}</ref> * 1968 [[Hörspielpreis der Kriegsblinden]],<ref name=radio/> for ''[[Das Aquarium]]''<ref name=AquariumSZ/><ref>[http://www.kriegsblindenbund.de/cms/hoerspielpreis-der-kriegsblinden.html#preise Übersicht über die preisgekrönten Hörspiele, Hörspielpreis der Kriegsblinden], Bund der Kriegsblinden Deutschlands {{in lang|de}}</ref> * 1969 [[Toucan Prize]] of the [[City]] of [[Munich]] (with five others),<ref>[http://www.muenchen.de/rathaus/Stadtverwaltung/Kulturreferat/Kulturfoerderung/Preise/Tukanpreis/Preistraeger.html Preisträgerinnen und Preisträger], Tukan-Preis, City of Munich {{in lang|de}}</ref> for ''[[Schwabinger Marterln]]''<ref name=Tagesspiegel/> * 1973 [[Literary Award]] of the [[Bayerische Akademie der Schönen Künste|Bavarian Academy of Fine Arts]] * 1975 [[Deutscher Kritikerpreis|German Critics' Prize]], for ''[[Die Prüfung des Lächlers]]''<ref>[http://www.literaturpreisgewinner.de/belletristik/deutscher-kritikerpreis Deutscher Kritikerpreis], Literaturpreis Gewinner {{in lang|de}}</ref> * 1976 [[Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany|Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]]<ref name=Spiegel/> * 1984 [[Preis der SWR-Bestenliste|SWR-Bestenliste Prize]], for ''[[Sämtliche Gedichte]]''<ref>[http://www.all-around-new-books.de/ausgez/litpreis/swr_bestenliste.shtml SWR-Bestenliste: Kritikerpreis], Literaturpreise, All Around New Books {{in lang|de}}</ref> * 1993 [[Roswitha Prize]] of the [[City]] of [[Bad Gandersheim]]<ref>[http://www.bad-gandersheim-online.de/viewfull.cfm?ObjectID=0FE569BF-9D7B-41E2-9A7F26ADD4567E2E&backurl=roswithapreis.cfm&cm=F4B5585F-3E4B-11D5-A526009027B69DF7 Die Preisträgerinnen des Roswithapreises (Literaturpreis)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315122251/http://www.bad-gandersheim-online.de/viewfull.cfm?ObjectID=0FE569BF-9D7B-41E2-9A7F26ADD4567E2E&backurl=roswithapreis.cfm&cm=F4B5585F-3E4B-11D5-A526009027B69DF7 |date=March 15, 2012 }}, City of Bad Gandersheim {{in lang|de}}</ref> * 1999 [[Brandenburg Literature Prize]]<ref name=Tagesspiegel/><ref name=Spiegel/> * 2003 [[Kester-Haeusler Award]] of the [[Deutsche Schillerstiftung|German Schiller Foundation]]<ref>[http://www.schillerstiftung.de/preistraeger/browse/1/kategorie/Kester-Haeusler-Ehrengabe.html Kester-Haeusler-Ehrengabe, Alle Preisträger chronologisch bis 1995, 6&ndash;10] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303210957/http://www.schillerstiftung.de/preistraeger/browse/1/kategorie/Kester-Haeusler-Ehrengabe.html |date=2016-03-03 }}, Deutsche Schillerstiftung von 1859 {{in lang|de}}</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20120714213449/http://archiv.sueddeutsche.apa.at/sueddz/index.php?id=A23602045_EGTPOGWPPEOPPHGWEAPWPRS "Ehrung für Reinig: Schillerstiftung würdigt Lyrikerin"], ''Süddeutsche Zeitung'', 8 October 2003 {{in lang|de}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Sources== * "[[Abgestorbener Raum]]". Interview with [[Jo Wünsche]]. ''[[Alternative media|Alternative]]'' 20 (April 1977) 68&ndash;72 {{in lang|de}} * [[Peter Horn (poet)|Peter Horn]]. ''[[Christa Reinig und das "weibliche Ich"]]''. In ''[[Frauenliteratur: Autorinnen, Perspektiven, Konzepte]]''. Ed. [[Manfred Jurgensen]]. [[Bern]]: Lang, 1983. {{ISBN|978-3-261-05013-7}}. pp.&nbsp;101&ndash;22 {{in lang|de}} * [[Sibylle Scheßwendter]]. ''[[Darstellung und Auflösung von Lebensproblemen im Werk: Christa Reinig]]''. [[Doctoral thesis]], [[University of Siegen]], 2000. [http://d-nb.info/962685763/34 pdf] {{in lang|de}} ==Other websites== * [https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?query=Woe%3D118599437&method=simpleSearch Christa Reinig] at the [[German National Library]] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Reinig, Christa}} [[Category:1926 births]] [[Category:2008 deaths]] [[Category:People with ankylosing spondylitis]] 98gavw6c93fpf3bh287jkfqpk4bxppg 0 1183546 10368678 10323929 2025-07-03T01:59:30Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368678 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use British English|date=April 2019}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}} {{Infobox person | name = Adam Rickitt | image = Cardiff Mardi Gras 2010 MMB 27 Adam Rickitt.jpg | caption = Rickitt in 2010 | birth_name = Adam Peter Rickitt | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1978|5|29|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Crewe]], [[Cheshire]], England | known_for = {{Plainlist| *''[[Coronation Street]]'' *''[[Shortland Street]]'' *''[[Hollyoaks]]'' }} | spouse = {{marriage|Katy Fawcett|2014}} | occupation = {{Hlist|Actor|singer|model}} | years_active = 1997–present }} '''Adam Peter Rickitt''' (born 29 May 1978) is an English actor and singer. He portrayed the part of [[Nick Tilsley]] on the British [[soap opera]] ''[[Coronation Street]]'' from 1997 to 1999, and again from 2002 to 2004. He later joined the New Zealand soap ''[[Shortland Street]]'' for a three-year stint between 2007 and 2010. From 2017 to 2020, he appeared as Kyle Kelly on [[Channel 4]]'s ''[[Hollyoaks]]''. His other credits include the [[BBC]]'s ''[[Doctors (2000 TV series)|Doctors]]'' (2001; 2016; 2023). Rickitt had a musical career, both as a solo artist and as a member of [[5th Story]], a [[supergroup (music)|supergroup]] formed for the [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] reality series ''[[The Big Reunion]]''. Alone, he released ''[[Good Times (Adam Rickitt album)|Good Times]]'' (1999) through [[Polydor Records]], an album that spawned the [[UK Singles Chart|UK Top 25]] singles "[[I Breathe Again]]", "[[Everything My Heart Desires]]", and "[[The Best Thing (Adam Rickitt song)|The Best Thing]]". He attempted to embark on a political career within the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] in 2005, but has since denounced the party's views.{{citation needed|date=April 2025}}<ref name="Tory_Guardian" /> ==Filmography== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! class="unsortable" | Notes |- | 1997–1999, 2002–2004 | ''[[Coronation Street]]'' | [[Nick Tilsley]] | Regular role |- | 2001 | ''[[Doctors (2000 TV series)|Doctors]]'' | James Neville | Episode: "Sun God" |- | 2005 | ''[[Judge John Deed]]'' | Roy Storidge | Episode: "Popular Appeal" |- | 2007–2010 | ''[[Shortland Street]]'' | [[Kieran Mitchell]] | Regular role |- | 2010 | ''Whatever Happened to Pete Blaggit?'' | Clive | Film |- | 2014 | ''[[The Big Reunion]]'' | Himself | Contestant |- | 2016 | ''Doctors'' | Logan Flynn | Episode: "Dracula's Choice" |- | 2017–2020 | ''[[Hollyoaks]]'' | rowspan="2" | [[Kyle Kelly]] | Regular role |- | 2020 | ''[[Hollyoaks Later]]'' | [[Hollyoaks Later (2020 special)|2020 special]] |- | 2023 | ''Doctors'' | [[List of Doctors characters (2023)#Michael Harvey|Michael Harvey]] | Guest role |} ==Discography== [[File:Cardiff Mardi Gras 2010 MMB 30 Adam Rickitt.jpg|thumb|Rickitt performing in 2010]] ===Studio albums=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+ List of albums, with selected chart positions ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:12em;"| Title ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:17em;"| Album details ! scope="col" colspan="2"| Peak chart positions |- ! scope="col" style="width:2em; font-size:90%;" | [[UK Albums Chart|UK]]<br><ref name="uk"/> ! scope="col" style="width:2em; font-size:90%;" | [[Scottish Singles and Albums Charts|SCO]]<br><ref>Peak chart positions for featured albums on the Scottish Chart: *''Godd Times'': {{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/scottish-albums-chart/19991024/40/|title=24 October 1999 - 30 October 1999|work=officialcharts.com|access-date=3 February 2019|archive-date=18 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118124254/https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/scottish-albums-chart/19991024/40/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | ''[[Good Times (Adam Rickitt album)|Good Times]]'' | *Released: 18 October 1999 *Formats: [[Compact Disc|CD]], [[Compact Cassette|cassette]] |align="center"| 41 |align="center"| 68 |- |} ===Singles=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+ List of singles as lead artist, with selected chart positions and certifications, showing year released and album name ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:2em;"| Year ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:14em;" | Single ! scope="col" colspan="3" | Peak chart positions ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:14em;" | [[List of music recording certifications|Certifications]] ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:14em;" | Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:2em; font-size:90%;" | [[UK Singles Chart|UK]]<br><ref name="uk">UK chart peaks: * Top 100 peaks: {{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/7930/adam-rickitt/|title=Adam Rickitt: Artist Discography|publisher=Official Charts Company|access-date=February 3, 2019|archive-date=3 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203144013/https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/7930/adam-rickitt/|url-status=live}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2em; font-size:90%;"|[[Irish Albums Chart|IRE]]<br><ref name="ire">{{cite web |url=http://www.irishcharts.ie/search/placement |title=The Irish Charts - All there is to know |publisher=Irish Charts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090602061251/http://www.irishcharts.ie/search/placement |archive-date=2009-06-02 }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2em; font-size:90%;" | [[Scottish Singles and Albums Charts|SCO]]<br><ref>Peak chart positions for featured singles on the Scottish Chart: *''I Breathe Again'': {{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/scottish-singles-chart/19990620/41/|title=20 June 1999 - 26 June 1999|work=officialcharts.com|access-date=3 February 2019|archive-date=21 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221090549/https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/scottish-singles-chart/19990620/41/|url-status=live}} *''Everything My Heart Desires'': {{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/scottish-singles-chart/19991010/41/|title=10 October 1999 - 16 October 1999|work=officialcharts.com|access-date=3 February 2019|archive-date=23 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123223718/https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/scottish-singles-chart/19991010/41/|url-status=live}} *''The Best Thing'': {{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/scottish-singles-chart/20000130/41/|title=30 January 2000 - 05 February 2000|work=officialcharts.com|access-date=3 February 2019|archive-date=3 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203143913/https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/scottish-singles-chart/20000130/41/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |rowspan="2"| 1999 ! scope="row" | "[[I Breathe Again]]" |align="center"| 5 |align="center"| 16 |align="center"| 6 | *[[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: Silver<ref name=bpi>{{cite certification|region=United Kingdom|type=single|artist=Adam Rickitt|access-date=February 3, 2019}}</ref> |align="center" rowspan="3"|''Good Times'' |- ! scope="row" | "[[Everything My Heart Desires]]" |align="center"| 15 |align="center"| — |align="center"| 16 | |- | 2000 ! scope="row" | "[[The Best Thing (Adam Rickitt song)|The Best Thing]]" |align="center"| 25 |align="center"| — |align="center"| 22 | |- | 2010 ! scope="row" | "Tonight" |align="center"| — |align="center"| — |align="center"| — | | Non-album single |- | colspan="15" style="font-size:90%" | "—" denotes a title that did not chart, or was not released in that territory. |} ==Awards and nominations== {| class="wikitable" ! Year ! Award ! Category ! Nominated work ! Result ! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- | 1998 | [[4th National Television Awards|National Television Awards]] | Most Popular Newcomer | ''Coronation Street'' | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref>{{cite web |title=Winners |url=https://www.nationaltvawards.com/winners |publisher=[[National Television Awards]] |access-date=1 July 2023 |archive-date=11 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111215721/https://www.nationaltvawards.com/winners |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | 1999 | [[1999 British Soap Awards|British Soap Awards]] | Sexiest Male | ''Coronation Street'' | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Lee+Harpin's+Hot+People+column%3A+Sexy+Mel's+Got+Man+A-Beale!%3B+Soap...-a060149374|title=Lee Harpin's Hot People column: Sexy Mel's Got Man A-Beale!; Soap Awards Special: She wins TV top totty title|last=Harpin|first=Lee|date=16 May 1999|work=[[The People (newspaper)|The People]]|access-date=6 July 2016|archive-date=13 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013074037/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Lee+Harpin's+Hot+People+column%3A+Sexy+Mel's+Got+Man+A-Beale!%3B+Soap...-a060149374|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2000 | [[BRIT Awards]] | [[2000 BRIT Awards#List of British Newcomer shortlist|British Pop Newcomer]] | Himself | {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref>{{cite news |title=BRIT AWARDS - THE NOMINEES IN FULL |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/adam-rickitt-1385224 |access-date=1 July 2023 |work=[[NME]] |date=1 February 2000 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405225543/https://www.nme.com/news/music/adam-rickitt-1385224 |url-status=live }}</ref> |} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{Commons category-inline}} * {{IMDb name|0725540}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rickitt, Adam}} [[Category:1978 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:English pop singers]] [[Category:Conservative Party (UK) people]] [[Category:Musicians from Cheshire]] [[Category:People with ankylosing spondylitis]] [[Category:People from Crewe]] henj7c9hsmuzw6k2rv5ipic17pbzksm 0 1183547 10368897 10323940 2025-07-03T03:54:52Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Sigurd Rosted | image = Sigurd Rosted 2018.JPG | upright = 0.7 | caption = Rosted warming up for [[K.A.A. Gent|Gent]] in 2018 | full_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1994|7|22|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Oslo]], Norway | height = 1.88 m<ref name="BIF">{{cite web |title=#4 Sigurd Rosted |url=https://brondby.com/spillere/spillerprofil/?playerid=465889 |website=Brøndby IF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418001931/https://brondby.com/spillere/spillerprofil/?playerid=465889 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |language=da |url-status=dead}}</ref> | position = [[Centre-back]] | currentclub = [[Toronto FC]] | clubnumber = 17 | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = [[Hasle-Løren IL|Hasle-Løren]] | youthyears2 = 2010–2012 | youthclubs2 = [[Kjelsås Fotball|Kjelsås]] | years1 = 2012–2014 | clubs1 = [[Kjelsås Fotball|Kjelsås]] | caps1 = 71 | goals1 = 9 | years2 = 2015–2018 | clubs2 = [[Sarpsborg 08 FF|Sarpsborg 08]] | caps2 = 51 | goals2 = 7 | years3 = 2018–2019 | clubs3 = [[K.A.A. Gent|Gent]] | caps3 = 37 | goals3 = 5 | years4 = 2019–2023 | clubs4 = [[Brøndby IF|Brøndby]] | caps4 = 84 | goals4 = 5 | years5 = 2023– | clubs5 = [[Toronto FC]] | caps5 = 53 | goals5 = 1 | nationalyears1 = 2016 | nationalteam1 = [[Norway national under-21 football team|Norway U21]] | nationalcaps1 = 2 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 2018– | nationalteam2 = [[Norway national football team|Norway]] | nationalcaps2 = 5 | nationalgoals2 = 1 | club-update = 19 April 2025 | nationalteam-update = 19 November 2018 }} '''Sigurd Rosted''' ({{IPA|no|ˈrùːstɛt}}; born 22 July 1994) is a Norwegian professional [[association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[centre-back]] for [[Major League Soccer]] club [[Toronto FC]] and the [[Norway national football team|Norway national team]]. Described as a calm and intelligent centre-back with leading abilities,<ref name="BIF" /> Rosted began his career in his native Norway and made the move to Belgian [[K.A.A. Gent|Gent]] in January 2018 before making the move to Brøndby one and a half years later. He won the [[Danish Superliga]] with Brøndby in 2021, before joining [[Toronto FC]] in [[Major League Soccer]] in January 2023. Rosted is an international for [[Norway national football team|Norway]], receiving his first call-up in 2017 and gaining his first international cap in 2018 in a friendly against [[Albania national football team|Albania]], in which he also scored a goal. In 2017, he was called up to the [[Norway national football team|Norway national team]] for the first time in his career, as a replacement for injured [[Tore Reginiussen]] before the friendly match against [[Sweden men's national football team|Sweden]] on 13 June. He played his first international match on 26 March 2018 in a friendly against [[Albania national football team|Albania]], scoring the only goal in a 1–0 win. He had been substituted in for [[Håvard Nordtveit]] in the 63rd minute. ==Career statistics== ===Club=== {{updated|match played 19 April 2025}}<ref name="SW">{{soccerway|sigurd-rosted/240099}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|National cup !colspan="2"|Continental !colspan="2"|Other !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="4"|[[Kjelsås Fotball|Kjelsås]] |[[2012 Norwegian Second Division|2012]] |[[Norwegian Second Division]] |21||2||2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||23||2 |- |[[2013 Norwegian Second Division|2013]] |Norwegian Second Division |26||2||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||27||2 |- |[[2014 Norwegian Second Division|2014]] |Norwegian Second Division |24||5||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||25||5 |- !colspan="2"|Total !71!!9!!4!!0!!colspan="2"|—!!colspan="2"|—!!75!!9 |- |rowspan="4"|[[Sarpsborg 08 FF|Sarpsborg 08]] |[[2015 Sarpsborg 08 FF season|2015]] |[[Eliteserien]] |1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||1||0 |- |[[2016 Sarpsborg 08 FF season|2016]] |Eliteserien |23||3||3||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||26||3 |- |[[2017 Sarpsborg 08 FF season|2017]] |Eliteserien |27||4||5||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||32||4 |- !colspan="2"|Total !51!!7!!8!!0!!colspan="2"|—!!colspan="2"|—!!59!!7 |- |rowspan="4"|[[K.A.A. Gent|Gent]] |[[2017–18 K.A.A. Gent season|2017–18]] |[[Belgian Pro League]] |8||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||8||0 |- |[[2018–19 Belgian First Division A|2018–19]] |Belgian Pro League |29||5||3||1||4{{efn|name=UEL|Appearance(s) in [[UEFA Europa League]]}}||0||colspan="2"|—||36||6 |- |[[2019–20 K.A.A. Gent season|2019–20]] |Belgian Pro League |0||0||colspan="2"|—||1{{efn|name=UEL}}||0||colspan="2"|—||1||0 |- !colspan="2"|Total !37!!5!!3!!1!!5!!0!!colspan="2"|—!!45!!6 |- |rowspan="5"|[[Brøndby IF|Brøndby]] |[[2019–20 Brøndby IF season|2019–20]] |[[Danish Superliga]] |25||1||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||26||1 |- |[[2020–21 Brøndby IF season|2020–21]] |Danish Superliga |23||3||2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||25||3 |- |[[2021–22 Brøndby IF season|2021–22]] |Danish Superliga |26||1||3||0||7{{efn|One appearance in [[UEFA Champions League]], six appearances in UEFA Europa League}}||0||colspan="2"|—||36||1 |- |[[2022–23 Brøndby IF season|2022–23]] |Danish Superliga |10||0||1||0||3{{efn|name=UECL|Appearance(s) in [[UEFA Europa Conference League]]}}||0||colspan="2"|—||14||0 |- !colspan="2"|Total !84!!5!!7!!0!!10!!0!!colspan="2"|—!!101!!5 |- |rowspan="4"|[[Toronto FC]] |[[2023 Toronto FC season|2023]] |[[Major League Soccer]] |21||0||1||0||colspan="2"|—||2{{efn|name=LC|Appearance(s) in [[Leagues Cup]]}}||0||24||0 |- |[[2024 Toronto FC season|2024]] |Major League Soccer |25||0||3||0||colspan="2"|—||1{{efn|name=LC}}||0||29||0 |- |[[2025 Toronto FC season|2025]] |Major League Soccer |7||1||0||0||colspan="2"|—||0||0||7||1 |- !colspan="2"|Total !53!!1!!4!!0!!colspan="2"|—!!3!!0!!60!!1 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !296!!27!!26!!1!!15!!0!!3!!0!!340!!28 |} {{notelist}} ===International goals=== :''Scores and results list Norway's goal tally first.''<ref name="NFT">{{cite web|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/70891/Sigurd_Rosted.html|title=Rosted, Sigurd|website=National Football Teams|access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%;" ! No. !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Score !! Result !! Competition |- | 1. || 26 March 2018 || [[Elbasan Arena]], [[Elbasan]], Albania || {{fb|ALB}} || align=center | '''1'''–0 || align=center | 1–0 || [[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]] |} ==Honours== '''Brøndby''' * [[Danish Superliga]]: [[2020–21 Danish Superliga|2020–21]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/news/soccer-brondby-beat-nordsjaelland-clinch-173325878.html|title=Soccer-Brondby beat Nordsjaelland to clinch Danish league title|website=Yahoo Sports|agency=Reuters|date=24 May 2021|accessdate=22 July 2024}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [https://www.torontofc.ca/players/sigurd-rosted/ MLS profile] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210418001931/https://brondby.com/spillere/spillerprofil/?playerid=465889 Sigurd Rosted] at Brøndby IF * {{Soccerway|sigurd-rosted/240099}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rosted, Sigurd}} [[Category:1994 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Toronto FC players]] 8vy6bltbfdmwls4b7bq2fw47yw0anh9 0 1183549 10368726 10324045 2025-07-03T02:21:10Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Dylan Verrechia | image = Dylan Verrechia.jpg | caption = | birth_name = Dylan Verrechia | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1976|3|9}} | birth_place = [[Paris]], [[France]] | nationality = [[France|French]] [[Denmark|Dane]] [[United States|American]] | occupation = Filmmaker | years_active = | known_for = | website = {{URL|https://www.verrechiafilms.com/}} }} '''Dylan Verrechia''' (born March 9, 1976, in [[Paris]]) is a [[Barthélemois]] award-winning [[film director]], [[auteur]], [[screenwriter]], [[director of photography]], and [[Film producer|producer]], with [[Italians|Italian]], [[Bretons|Breton]], [[Sephardic]], and [[Danes|Dane]] origins. He is best known for his Tijuana trilogy: ''[[Tijuana Makes Me Happy]]'', ''[[Tierra madre]]'', and ''[[La Pura Vida]]'', which won him among many other accolades the Grand Jury Prize at [[2007 Slamdance Film Festival|Slamdance]],<ref name=variety>{{cite web|url=http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117932600.html?categoryid=31&cs=1|title=Tijuana Makes Me Happy |last=Leydon |first=Joe |date=28 January 2007 |work=Variety |accessdate=2009-07-10}}</ref><ref name="deseretnews.com">{{cite news |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,655191930,00.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120728172529/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,655191930,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 28, 2012 |title=Slamdance hands out its 'Sparky' film awards |last=Vice |first=Jeff |date=28 January 2007 |work=Deseret News |accessdate=2009-07-10}}</ref> the Special Jury Award for Best Mexican Film at [[Morelia International Film Festival]],<ref name=LosAngelesTimes>{{cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/blogs/la-plaza/story/2010-10-19/morelia-film-festival-a-dancer-in-tijuana-tells-her-own-tale |title=Morelia Film Festival: A dancer in Tijuana tells her own tale |last=Hernandez |first=Daniel |date=19 October 2010 |work=Los Angeles Times |accessdate=2024-05-14}}</ref> Best Mexican Feature Award at Rosarito Film Festival,<ref name=RosaritoFilmFestival>{{cite web |url=https://logcinema.wixsite.com/rosaritofilm/first-selection/ |title= 12th Rosarito International Film Festival AWARDED FILMS OFFICIAL SELECTION |date=July 2024 |work=Rosarito Film Festival |accessdate=2024-10-13}}</ref> and for his documentary ''[[Kumeyaay Land]]'' which won Best Documentary Award at the [[Red Nation Film Festival]].<ref name=RedNationFilmFestival>{{cite web |url=https://www.rednationff.com/2024-nominees/ |title=Hollywood & Indian Country's Biggest Night for Native & Indigenous Representation |date=2024-10-18 |work=RNIFF |accessdate=2024-10-19}}</ref> Verrechia is a U.S. citizen, and his films look particularly at [[Baja California]], Mexico, where he lives. ==Filmography== {| class="wikitable" !Year !Title !width=125|Director !width=125|Writer !width=125|Producer !width=125|Cinematographer |- |2000 |''The Laughter of God'' |{{Yes}} |{{Yes}} |{{Yes}} |{{No}} |- |2000 |''Payaso Hijueputa'' de [[Andrés Baiz]] |{{No}} |{{No}} |{{Yes}} |{{No}} |- |2001 |''The Making of Bamboozled'' by [[Spike Lee]] & [[Sam Pollard (filmmaker)|Sam Pollard]] |{{No}} |{{No}} |{{No}} |{{Yes}} |- |2001 |''[[Storytelling (movie)]]'' by [[Todd Solondz]] (doc) |{{No}} |{{No}} |{{No}} |{{Yes}} |- |2004 |''[[Arakimentari]]'' by Travis Klose |{{No}} |{{Yes}} |{{Yes}} |{{No}} |- |2007 |''[[Tijuana Makes Me Happy]]'' |{{Yes}} |{{Yes}} |{{Yes}} |{{No}} |- |2007 |''[[Sangre de mi sangre]]'' by Chris Zalla |{{No}} |{{No}} |{{Yes}} |{{No}} |- |2009 |''[[2B (movie)]]'' by Richard Kroehling |{{No}} |{{No}} |{{No}} |{{Yes}} |- |2009 |''[[Anthrax War]]'' by Bob Coen |{{No}} |{{No}} |{{No}} |{{Yes}} |- |2009 |''[[Kids of the Majestic]]'' |{{Yes}} |{{Yes}} |{{Yes}} |{{Yes}} |- |2010 |''[[Tierra madre]]'' |{{Yes}} |{{Yes}} |{{Yes}} |{{Yes}} |- |2012 |''American Florence'' by Alessio Giorgetti |{{No}} |{{No}} |{{No}} |{{Yes}} |- |2012 |''The Warrior and the Savior'' by Sal Sorrentino |{{No}} |{{No}} |{{No}} |{{Yes}} |- |2012 |''[[Mansome]]'' by [[Morgan Spurlock]] |{{No}} |{{No}} |{{No}} |{{Yes}} |- |2013 |''[[ABCD: American-Born Confused Desi (2013 movie)]]'' by [[Martin Prakkat]] |{{No}} |{{No}} |{{Yes}} |{{Yes}} |- |2013 |''I Want To Be an American'' |{{Yes}} |{{Yes}} |{{Yes}} |{{Yes}} |- |2014 |''[[The Price We Pay (2014 movie)]]'' by [[Harold Crooks]] |{{No}} |{{No}} |{{No}} |{{Yes}} |- |2014 |''The Alley Cat'' by Marie Ullrich |{{No}} |{{No}} |{{Yes}} |{{Yes}} |- |2015 |''[[Henry Kissinger]]'s Secret Negotiations'' |{{No}} |{{No}} |{{Yes}} |{{Yes}} |- |2015 |''BlackCard'' by [[Pete Chatmon]] |{{No}} |{{No}} |{{Yes}} |{{Yes}} |- |2015 |''The Act of Writing'' with [[Futura (graffiti artist)]] |{{Yes}} |{{No}} |{{No}} |{{Yes}} |- |2015 |''Homecoming'' by [[Seko Shamte]] |{{No}} |{{No}} |{{No}} |{{Yes}} |- |2016 |''[[The Rolling Stones]]: Exhibitionism'' |{{Yes}} |{{No}} |{{No}} |{{Yes}} |- |2017 |''A Seed of Maize'' by Topaz Adizes<ref name=ASeedofMaize>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6096184/reference/ |title=A Seed of Maize |work=IMDb A Seed of Maize |accessdate=2024-05-15}}</ref> |{{No}} |{{No}} |{{Yes}} |{{Yes}} |- |2017 |''[[The Weinstein Company]] presents [[Rosewood Hotels & Resorts]]'' |{{Yes}} |{{Yes}} |{{Yes}} |{{Yes}} |- |2018 |''Sega'' by [[Idil Ibrahim]] |{{No}} |{{No}} |{{Yes}} |{{Yes}} |- |2021 |''Maya and Her Lover'' by Nicole Sylvester |{{No}} |{{No}} |{{No}} |{{Yes}} |- |2023 |''[[Kumeyaay Land]]'' |{{Yes}} |{{Yes}} |{{Yes}} |{{Yes}} |- |2024 |''[[La Pura Vida]]'' |{{Yes}} |{{Yes}} |{{Yes}} |{{Yes}} |- |2025 |''Pégame'' |{{Yes}} |{{Yes}} |{{Yes}} |{{Yes}} |- |} ==Awards== [[File:Ganadores.jpg|thumb|Winners FICM 2010.]] * Special Jury Award for Best Mexican Feature Film at [[Morelia International Film Festival]],<ref name=Variety>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2010/biz/markets-festivals/marimbas-wins-best-pic-at-morelia-1118026221/ |title=Musical drama takes top prize at fest |last=Young |first=James |date=24 October 2010 |work=Variety |accessdate=2024-05-14}}</ref> * Grand Jury Prize for Best Narrative Feature at [[Slamdance Film Festival]],<ref name=variety/><ref name="Vice">{{cite news|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,655191930,00.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120728172529/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,655191930,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 28, 2012|title=Slamdance hands out its 'Sparky' film awards|last=Vice|first=Jeff|date=28 January 2007|work=Deseret News|access-date=2009-07-10}}</ref> * Red Nation Film Award of Excellence for Best Documentary Short Subject at [[Red Nation Film Festival]],<ref name=RedNationFilmFestival/> * Best Feature Drama at Author Film Festival,<ref name=AuthorFilmFest>{{cite web |url=https://forumfilm.foroactivo.com/h17-author-film-festival-winners/ |title=Author Film Fest Winners 2024 |date=September 2024 |work=Author Film Festival |accessdate=2024-10-13}}</ref> * Honorable Mention for Best International Narrative Feature Film at Williamsburg International Film Festival,<ref name=WilliFest24>{{cite web |url=https://willifest.com/2024-competitions/ |title=2024 Film & Music Competitions |date=October 2024 |work=Williamsburg International Film Festival |accessdate=2024-10-11}}</ref> * Best Mexican Feature at Rosarito Film Festival,<ref name=RosaritoFilmFestival/> * Honorable Mention for Best Mexican Documentary at [[Shorts México]],<ref name="Ganadores de Shorts México"/> * Environmental, Social, Economic, Political Justice Award for Indigenous America at Latino & Native American Film Festival,<ref name=IMDb/> * Best Original Score at Filmmaker Chicago Awards, * Silver Award for Best Director at International Gold Awards, * Silver Award for Best Producer at International Gold Awards, * Silver Awards for Best Actress at International Gold Awards, * International Gold Awards for Best Original Score at International Gold Awards, * Best Self-Funded Film at [[Cine Pobre Film Festival]], * Kurrak Audience Award for Best Narrative Feature at [[:es:Festival de Cine del Valle de Guadalupe|Festival de Cine del Valle de Guadalupe]],<ref name=FestivaldeCinedelValledeGuadalupe>{{cite web |url=https://www.valledeguadalupefilmfestival.com/winners/ |title=2024 Award Winners |date=June 2024 |work=Festival de Cine del Valle de Guadalupe |accessdate=2024-10-13}}</ref> * Kurrak Rama de Oro for Best Screenplay at Festival de Cine del Valle de Guadalupe, * Kurrak Rama de Oro for Best Actress at Festival de Cine del Valle de Guadalupe, * Kurrak Rama de Oro for Best Original Music at Festival de Cine del Valle de Guadalupe, * Kurrak Rama de Oro for Best Supporting Actor at Festival de Cine del Valle de Guadalupe, * Jury Prize for Best Women Emancipation at Prague Underground Film Festival, * Festival Award for Best Actor in a Feature Film at Santa Cruz Independent Film Festival, * Festival Award for Best Actress in a Feature Film at Santa Cruz Independent Film Festival, * Certificate of Appreciation for Best Feature Film at Islampur International Film Festival, * Outstanding Achievement Award for Best Narrative Feature at Luis Buñuel Memorial Awards, * Best Comedy/Dark Comedy at Tabriz Cinema Awards, * Best Feature Film at Brazil International Film Festival, * Jury Prize for Best Feature Film at David Film Festival, * Jury Prize for Best Actress at David Film Festival, * Jury Prize for Best Actor at David Film Festival, * Best Narrative Feature at New York Arthouse Film Festival, * Jury Prize for Best Feature at Europa Film Festival, * PAMA Award for Best Feature Film at Paris Art & Movie Awards,<ref name=pama>{{cite web |url=https://parisartandmovieawards.com/winter-session-2023-2024/ |title=Results |work=PAMA |accessdate=2024-05-15}}</ref> * Best Acting Ensemble at Sacramento Independent Film Festival, * Jury Prize for Best Narrative Feature at Brandenburg International Film Festival, * Jury Prize for Best Actress at Brandenburg International Film Festival, * Best International Narrative Feature at Calcutta International Cult Film Festival, * Best Film About Women at New York International Women Festival,<ref name=niff>{{cite web |url=https://niff.net/ |title=New York International Women Festival |work=NIFF |accessdate=2024-05-15}}</ref> * Jury Prize for Best Narrative Feature at Phuket International Film Festival, * Honorable Mention for Best Narrative Feature at The Great Britain Silver Screen Awards, * Best Feature Film at AIMAFF Athens International Art Film Festival, * Jury Prize for Best Narrative Feature at Hong Kong International Festival, * Best Actress at Stockholm City Film Festival, * Best Feature Film at Stockholm City Film Festival, * Best Director at Stockholm City Film Festival, * Best Feature Film at London Independent Film Awards, * Sweden Film Award for Best Feature Film at Sweden Film Awards, * Sweden Film Award for Best Actress at Sweden Film Awards, * Festival Award for Best International Narrative Feature at Dubai International Cine Film Festival, * Best Narrative Feature at Singapore Independent Film Fair, * Jury Award for Best Women's Film at Dhaka International Cultural Film Festival, * Critic's Choice for Best Narrative Feature at Toronto International Filmmakers' Festival, * Best Director at The Grand Film Festival of Maldives, * Outstanding Achievement for Best Director at Berlin Motion Picture Awards, * Outstanding Achievement for Best Narrative Feature at Berlin Morion Picture Awards, * Best Actress at Berlin Motion Picture Awards, * Best Director at Swedish Academy of Motion Picture Awards, * Jury Prize for Best Director at Sydney Global Cinema Festival, * Outstanding Achievement for Best International Narrative Feature at Paris Cine Festival, * Kurrak Special Jury Award at Valle de Guadalupe Film Festival, * Kurrak Special Jury Award for Best Resilient Spirit at Valle de Guadalupe Film Festival, * Jury Prize for Best Documentary at Milano Indie Movie Awards, * Genre Award Best Documentary at Absurd Film Festival, * Honorable Mention for Best Documentary at Monza Film Fest, * Honorable Mention for Best Documentary Short Film at APEX Film Awards, * Kurrak Grand Jury Prize for Best Music Video at Valle de Guadalupe Film Festival, * Golden Dhow for Best Short Film at [[Zanzibar International Film Festival]], * Jury Winner for Best Narrative at [[BlackStar Film Festival]],<ref name=IMDbSegaAwards>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5645240/awards/ |title=Sega Awards |work=IMDb |accessdate=2024-05-20}}</ref> * Honorable Mention for Best Feature Film at International Cycling Film Festival, * Black Lives Matter Award at Diversity in Cannes Film Showcase,<ref name=IMDbBlackCardAwards>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4447722/awards/ |title=BlackCard Awards |work=IMDb |accessdate=2024-05-20}}</ref> * Epoch Award at [[Beloit International Film Festival]], * Chicago Award for Best Feature Film at [[Chicago International Film Festival]],<ref name=ReelChicago>{{cite web |url=https://reelchicago.com/article/ullrich-s-first-feature-wins-ciff-s-chicago-award141020/ |title=Ullrich's first feature wins CIFF's Chicago Award |last=Koziarski |first=Ed M. |date=20 October 2014 |work=REEL Chicago |accessdate=2024-05-14}}</ref> * Best Cinematography at St Tropez International Film Festival, * Jury Award for Best Feature Film at [[Reeling: The Chicago LGBTQ+ International Film Festival]],<ref name=MoreliaFilmFestDylanVerrechia>{{cite web |url=https://moreliafilmfest.com/en/realizadores/verrechia-dylan |title=Verrechia, Dylan |last=Morelia Film Fest |date=24 October 2010 |work=Morelia Film Fest |accessdate=2024-05-20}}</ref> * [[Artivist Film Festival & Awards]] for Best Feature Children's Advocacy,<ref name=WikiArtivistFilmFestival>{{cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artivist_Film_Festival_%26_Awards |title=Artivist Film Festival Awards |work=Artivist |accessdate=2024-05-20}}</ref>{{Circular reference|date=August 2024}} * Diversity Award for Best Feature Film at Barcelona International Gay and Lesbian Film Festival,<ref name="The Barcelona LGTIBQ+ Film Festival"/> * Outstanding Achievement in Foreign Feature Award at Williamsburg International Film Festival,<ref name=IMDb/> * Best International Feature at Out in the Desert Tucson's LGBT International Film Festival,<ref name=Tucson>{{cite web |url=https://tucson.com/entertainment/movies/uas-lesbian-looks-series-returns-with-two-award-winning-indie-films/article_64f2a8d3-8197-58d0-a4c1-1b70369b2912.html/ |title=UA's Lesbian Looks series returns with two award-winning indie films |last=Villarreal |first=Phil |date=17 February 2011 |work=Arizona Daily Star |accessdate=2024-05-14}}</ref> * Cinesul Award for Best Feature Film at Cinesul Ibero-Americano Film Festival,<ref name=SistemadeInformaciónCulturalMéxico>{{cite web|url=https://sic.gob.mx/ficha.php?table=produccion_cine&table_id=4301 |title=Tierra madre |work=Sistema de Información Cultural del Gobierno de México |accessdate=2009-05-14}}</ref> * Golden Palm at Mexico International Film Festival,<ref name=IMDb/> * Honorary Mention Prize at [[New Jersey Film Festival]],<ref name=IMDb/> * Excellence in Filmmaking at Honolulu International Film Festival,<ref name=IMDb/> * Silver Lei for Best Feature Film at Honolulu International Film Festival,<ref name=IMDb/> * Directing and Writing Insight Awards of Recognition at the National Association of Film and Digital Media Artists,<ref name=IMDb>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1100866/awards/?ref_=nm_awd |title=Dylan Verrechia AWARDS |last=IMDb |work=IMDb |accessdate=2024-05-14}}</ref> * Audience Winner for Best Documentary at [[Milan International Film Festival]],<ref name=IMDb/> * Audience Winner for Best Documentary at [[Brooklyn Film Festival]],<ref name=IMDb/> * Indie Max fo Best Feature Film at [[San Antonio Film Festival]],<ref name=IMDb/> * Gold Remi Prize at [[WorldFest-Houston International Film Festival]],<ref name=IMDb/> * Filmmaking Award of Recognition at IMCED,<ref name=IMDb/> * World Tour Award for Best Director at International Festival of Cinema and Technology,<ref name=IMDb/> * World Tour Award for Best Actor at International Festival of Cinema and Technology,<ref name=IMDb/> * World Tour Award for Best Cinematography at International Festival of Cinema and Technology.<ref name=IMDb/> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{IMDb name|1100866}} * [https://www.verrechiafilms.com/ Verrechia Films Official Website] * [https://diccionariodedirectoresdelcinemexicano.com/directores-cine-mex/verrechia-dylan/ Diccionario de Directors del Cine Mexicano] * [https://www.mexicoescultura.com/actividad/272480/tijuana-makes-me-happy.html/ Mexico es Cultura] * [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/slamdance-heads-tijuana-128941/ Hollywood Reporter] * [https://variety.com/2007/film/reviews/tijuana-makes-me-happy-1200510792/ Variety] * [https://variety.com/2010/biz/markets-festivals/marimbas-wins-best-pic-at-morelia-1118026221/ Variety] * [https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/tijuana_makes_me_happy-2005/reviews/ Rotten Tomatoes] * [https://screenanarchy.com/2012/12/slamdance-2013-special-screenings-slam-collective-announced.html ScreenAnarchy] * [https://www.frommers.com/destinations/mexico/in-depth/recommended-books-films--music/ Fronmer's] * [https://www.indiewire.com/news/general-news/park-city-07-daily-dispatch-slamdance-awards-prizes-bible-and-gays-darfur-doc-hammer-and-mo-75255/ IndieWire] * [https://www.latimes.com/archives/blogs/la-plaza/story/2010-10-19/morelia-film-festival-a-dancer-in-tijuana-tells-her-own-tale/ Los Angeles Times] * [https://tucson.com/entertainment/movies/uas-lesbian-looks-series-returns-with-two-award-winning-indie-films/article_64f2a8d3-8197-58d0-a4c1-1b70369b2912.html/ University of Arizona's Lesbian Looks Film Series] * [https://moreliafilmfest.com/tierra-madre-una-historia-con-corazon/ Morelia Film Fest] * [https://www.slugmag.com/community/festival-coverage/slamdance-film-review-i-want-to-be-an-american/ SlugMag] * [https://pbswisconsin.org/article/directors-cut-marie-ullrich-and-the-alley-cat/ PBS Wisconsin] * [https://chicagoist.com/2014/10/23/chicago_international_film_festival_7.php Chicagoist] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507030735/https://chicagoist.com/2014/10/23/chicago_international_film_festival_7.php/ |date=2024-05-07 }} * [https://agnesfilms.com/featured-filmmakers/marie-ullrich/ Supporting Women and Feminist Filmmakers] {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Verrechia, Dylan}} [[Category:1976 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American atheists]] [[Category:American cinematographers]] [[Category:American movie producers]] [[Category:French anarchists]] [[Category:French atheists]] [[Category:People from Brooklyn]] [[Category:People from Harlem]] [[Category:People from Manhattan]] [[Category:People from New York City]] [[Category:People from Paris]] [[Category:People with ankylosing spondylitis]] b9lc18j8tokzaoudsj3tmu7c7tiw2fs 0 1183569 10368905 10340275 2025-07-03T03:56:57Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368905 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tvokids-logo.png|thumb|right|200px]] '''TVOKids''' (stylized as '''tvokids''') is the brand for most of the children's programming aired by [[TVO]] (formerly TVOntario) in Canada. It was launched on April 1, 1994, and runs from 6:00&nbsp;a.m. to 7:00&nbsp;p.m. daily, the program aimed at 2-to-11-years-old children. ==Programs== * ''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]'' (January 6, 1997—present) * ''[[Galapagos X]]'' (November 25, 2023―present) * ''[[PAW Patrol]]'' (August 27, 2013―present) * ''[[Wild Kratts]]'' (January 11, 2011―present) * ''[[Odd Squad]]'' (November 26, 2014―present) * ''[[Hero Elementary]]'' (September 9, 2020―present) * ''[[Clifford the Big Red Dog (2019 TV series)|Clifford the Big Red Dog]]'' (January 9, 2023―present) ===Former=== * ''[[Fireman Sam]]'' (September 3, 1994―January 13, 2001) * ''[[The Magic School Bus]]'' (January 9, 1995―September 2017) * ''[[Thomas & Friends]]'' (1998―2018) * ''[[Zoboomafoo]]'' (January 4, 1999―September 4, 2016) * ''[[Shining Time Station]]'' (September 6, 1999―September 3, 2000) * ''[[George Shrinks]]'' (September 8, 2000―August 25, 2012) * ''[[Timothy Goes to School]]'' (September 8, 2000―January 26, 2015) * ''[[ToddWorld]]'' (January 3, 2005―August 31, 2008) * ''[[Bob the Builder]]'' (September 8, 2006―August 31, 2008) * ''[[WordGirl]]'' (September 7, 2007―September 6, 2020) * ''[[Martha Speaks]]'' * ''[[Sid the Science Kid]]'' * ''[[Ella the Elephant]]'' (July 29, 2013―July 14, 2019) * ''[[Top Wing]]'' (November 6, 2017―July 2, 2020) ==Other websites== * [https://www.tvokids.com Website] * [https://www.tvokids.com/preschool Preschool] * [https://www.tvokids.com/school-age School age] {{stub}} [[Category:1990s establishments]] [[Category:1990s establishments in Canada]] [[Category:1994 establishments]] [[Category:1994 establishments in Canada]] [[Category:Canadian television networks]] [[Category:Companies based in Toronto]] [[Category:Television networks]] 3zwkm183sct96fckbdxeqcqvl7m6cor 0 1183902 10368713 10323696 2025-07-03T02:17:19Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368713 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Dev Joshi | image = Dev Joshi selfie 2020.jpg | alt = | caption = Joshi in 2020 | native_name = | native_name_lang = | other_names = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|2000|11|28|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], India | nationality = Indian | education = [[Political Science]] | alma_mater = L.D. Arts College, Ahmedabad | occupation = Actor | years_active = 2006–present | known_for = Baalveer | honours = [[Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar]] | spouse = {{marriage|Aarthi Kharel|2025}} | website = {{URL|http://www.devjoshi.in}} }} '''Dev Joshi''' (born 28 November 2000) is an Indian actor. He is best known for playing Baalveer in the ''Baalveer'' TV series. He has acted in over 20 Gujarati films and many advertisements.<ref>{{Cite web|title=This is why Dev Joshi will be missing from sets of SAB TV's Baalveer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/this-is-why-dev-joshi-will-be-missing-from-sets-of-sab-tvs-baalveer/articleshow/54462315.cms|access-date=2021-07-17|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> He also played the young [[Chandrashekar Azad|Chandra Shekhar Azad]] in the TV show ''Chandrashekhar''. == Early life == Dev Joshi was born in [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], India, to Dushyant Joshi and Devangna Joshi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-08|title=Meet the TV actors who cannot travel without their parents|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/meet-the-tv-actors-who-cannot-travel-without-their-parents/photostory/81962779.cms|access-date=2021-10-20|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Exclusive - Mother's Day - Baalveer Returns' Dev Joshi: I owe my success to my mom|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-mothers-day-baalveer-returns-dev-joshi-i-owe-my-success-to-my-mom/articleshow/82498226.cms|access-date=2021-10-20|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> He studied [[Political Science]] at L.D. Arts College, Ahmedabad.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Politics interests me a lot: Dev Joshi|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/politics-interests-me-a-lot-dev-joshi/articleshow/76460152.cms|website=Times of India|date=2020-06-19|access-date=2021-02-11}}</ref> == Career == Dev Joshi started acting as a child in stage shows, theatre, ads, and Gujarati films. His first Hindi TV role was Young Shukra in ''Mahima Shani Dev Ki'' (2009–2010). He also played Young Shaurya in ''Kashi - Ab Na Rahe Tera Kagaz Kora'' (2010). In 2012, he got his big break as Baalveer in ''Baalveer'' on [[Sony SAB]].<ref name="Dev Joshi perspectives">{{Cite web|title=Dev Joshi: I have the power to change the world through my on screen characters|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/dev-joshi-aka-balveer-i-have-the-power-to-change-the-world-through-my-on-screen-characters/articleshow/76619370.cms|website=Times of India|access-date=2021-01-29|language=en}}</ref> The show was very popular. After it ended in 2016, he played young Chandra Shekhar Azad in ''Chandrashekhar'' (2018). He returned as Baalveer in ''[[Baalveer Returns]]'' (2019–2021), ''[[Baalveer 3]]'' (2023), and ''Baalveer 4'' (2024). He also made guest appearances as Baalveer in shows like ''Aladdin - Naam Toh Suna Hoga'' and ''Kuch Smiles Ho Jayein With Alia''. == Personal life == On 19 January 2025, Dev Joshi got engaged to Aarthi Kharel, a banker from Nepal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-23 |title=Baalveer actor Dev Joshi announces good news as he gets engaged in Nepal |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/baalveer-actor-dev-joshi-announces-good-news-as-he-gets-engaged-in-nepal-drops-stunning-pic-with-his-fiancee-aarti-1368857?amp=&_gsa=1&_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM=#amp_ct=1737899349948&_tf=From%20%251$s&aoh=17378993453028&referrer=https://www.google.com&share=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/baalveer-actor-dev-joshi-announces-good-news-as-he-gets-engaged-in-nepal-drops-stunning-pic-with-his-fiancee-aarti-1368857 |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-22 |title=Baal Veer actor Dev Joshi engaged in Nepal|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/baal-veer-dev-joshi-engaged-in-nepal-finacee-aarti-intimate-ceremony-2668423-2025-01-22 |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> They married on 25 February 2025. Joshi loves space and was chosen in 2022 for the DearMoon project, a trip around the Moon with [[SpaceX]]. He would have been the youngest person and first Indian on the trip.<ref>{{Citation |title=dearMoon Crew Announcement!|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9-XXSdcsBLU |language=en |access-date=2022-12-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-09 |title=India's Dev Joshi, K-Pop star TOP and more: Meet the crew of SpaceX's first trip to the moon|url=https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/dev-joshi-k-pop-star-top-spacex-first-moon-trip-crew-yusaku-maezawa-11781371.html |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref> The project was canceled in 2024 because of delays.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2024 |title=Notice of Project Cancellation|url=https://dearmoon.earth/pdf/dearMoon_EN_240601.pdf?0531 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601062211/https://dearmoon.earth/pdf/dearMoon_EN_240601.pdf?0531 |archive-date=1 June 2024 |access-date=1 June 2024 |website=dearMoon}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == * {{IMDb name|9346920}} * {{Instagram|devjoshi28}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Joshi, Dev}} [[Category:2000 births]] [[Category:Living people]] f8iiwwa6zsr8f8r58hvg9hccc17gmnx 14 1184003 10368183 10214207 2025-07-02T20:05:46Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 rmv popact 10368183 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Mexican culture]] [[Category:Literature by location]] mvmwiiul3cx6d2iijitnav5vfm1rr87 0 1184009 10368824 10323826 2025-07-03T03:14:19Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use American English|date=February 2023}}{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2023}} [[File:FIDE World FR Chess Championship 2019 - Nepomniachtchi v So.jpg| [[FIDE World FR Chess Championship 2019]] - [[Nepomniachtchi]] v [[So]]. Top chess players have an Elo rating above 3000, but most if not all of the [[Grand Master (Chess)|GM]] players have an Elo below Mittens (true Elo is 3500)|thumb]] '''Mittens''' is a type of bot made for [[chess]], called a [[chess engine]]. It has a low Elo rating of 1, while still being remarkably strong. This discrepancy is due to the people who made the bot [[Lie|lying]]. The creator of mittens is [[Chess.com]] (a popular chess [[organization]] and [[website]]). They wanted to cause [[Surprise (emotion)|surprise]] and get a [[psychological advantage]] over the [[opponent]]s Mittens faces. This makes it different to other engines. While the bot has a displayed rating is 1, its true strength is thought to be in the range of 3200-3500 Elo, potentially even higher.<ref>{{Cite web|title=(Mitten's Bot Real Elo Revealed!) - Chess Forums|url=https://www.chess.com/forum/view/general/mittens-bot-real-elo-revealed#:~:text=If%20you%20didn't%20know,is%20between%203200%20and%203620|access-date=2025-04-24|website=Chess.com|language=en-US}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == * {{Twitter|id=MittensChess}} * [https://my.hamilton.edu/news/story/chess-mittens-cat-bot-will-whalen Hamilton College interview with Will Whalen] {{Chess}} {{Sport-stub}} [[Category:Chess engines]] [[Category:2023 software]] [[Category:Fictional cats]] 3n7aoxwm3c3onrm6n4v7k2ffl8cvkcg 0 1184664 10368386 10294707 2025-07-02T22:26:31Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* Personal life */ Grammar: doubled redundant "the" displayed next to each other 10368386 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox NASCAR driver | name = Toni Breidinger | image = Toni Breidinger 2025 (cropped).jpg | caption = Breidinger in 2025 | birth_name = Antoinette Marie Breidinger | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1999|7|14}} | birth_place = [[San Francisco]], [[California]], [[United States|U.S.]] | Total_Truck_Races = 10 | Years_In_Truck = 3 | Truck_Car_Team = No. 5 ([[Tricon Garage]]) | Prev_Truck_Pos = 69th | Prev_Truck_Year = 2024 | Best_Truck_Pos = 38th ([[2023 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series|2023]]) | First_Truck_Race = [[2023 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series|2023]] [[2023 Heart of America 200|Heart of America 200]] ([[Kansas Speedway|Kansas]]) | Last_Truck_Race = {{Latest NASCAR Truck}} | First_Truck_Win = | Last_Truck_Win = | Truck_Wins = 0 | Truck_Top_Tens = 0 | Truck_Poles = 0 | Total_ARCA_Races = 65 | Years_In_ARCA = 5 | ARCA_Car_Team = | Best_ARCA_Pos = 4th ([[2024 ARCA Menards Series|2024]]) | First_ARCA_Race = [[2018 ARCA Racing Series|2018]] [[Herr's Potato Chips 200 (Madison)|Herr's Potato Chips 200]] ([[Madison Speedway|Madison]]) | Last_ARCA_Race = [[2024 ARCA Menards Series|2024]] [[2024 Owens Corning 200|Owens Corning 200]] ([[Toledo Speedway|Toledo]]) | First_ARCA_Win = | Last_ARCA_Win = | ARCA_Wins = 0 | ARCA_Top_Tens = 27 | ARCA_Poles = 0 | Total_ARCA_East_Races = 13 | Years_In_ARCA_East = 3 | ARCA_East_Car_Team = | Best_ARCA_East_Pos = 11th ([[2024 ARCA Menards Series East|2024]]) | First_ARCA_East_Race = [[2022 ARCA Menards Series East|2022]] [[2022 Calypso Lemonade 150|Calypso Lemonade 150]] ([[Iowa Speedway|Iowa]]) | Last_ARCA_East_Race = [[2024 ARCA Menards Series East|2024]] [[2024 Bush's Beans 200|Bush's Beans 200]] ([[Bristol Motor Speedway|Bristol]]) | First_ARCA_East_Win = | Last_ARCA_East_Win = | ARCA_East_Wins = 0 | ARCA_East_Top_Tens = 5 | ARCA_East_Poles = 0 | Total_ARCA_West_Races = 6 | Years_In_ARCA_West = 4 | ARCA_West_Car_Team = | Best_ARCA_West_Pos = 35th ([[2023 ARCA Menards Series West|2023]]) | First_ARCA_West_Race = [[2021 ARCA Menards Series West|2021]] [[2021 General Tire 150 (Phoenix)|General Tire 150]] ([[Phoenix Raceway|Phoenix]]) | Last_ARCA_West_Race = [[2024 ARCA Menards Series West|2024]] [[2024 General Tire 150 (Phoenix)|General Tire 150]] ([[Phoenix Raceway|Phoenix]]) | First_ARCA_West_Win = | Last_ARCA_West_Win = | ARCA_West_Wins = 0 | ARCA_West_Top_Tens = 1 | ARCA_West_Poles = 0 | updated = April 12, 2025 |Achievements=2016 [[United States Auto Club|USAC Western US Asphalt Midget Series]] Champion}} '''Antoinette Marie "Toni" Breidinger''' (born July 14, 1999) is an American professional [[stock car racing]] driver, model and [[social media influencer]]. She races full-time in the [[NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series|NASCAR Truck Series]]. She drives the No. 5 [[Toyota Tundra#Third generation (XK70; 2021)|Toyota Tundra TRD Pro]] for [[Tricon Garage]]. She is the first female [[Arab Americans|Arab-American]] to race in NASCAR.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/cherylrobinson/2021/09/23/first-arab-american-female-nascar-racer-paves-way-for-next-generation-of-women-drivers-lands-major-sponsor/|title=First Arab-American Female NASCAR Racer Paves Way For Next Generation Of Women Drivers, Lands Major Sponsor|publisher=Forbes|accessdate=April 28, 2025|date=September 23, 2021}}</ref> Born in [[San Francisco]], [[California]], Breidinger started racing in [[Go-kart|go-karts]] at the age of nine. She later moved to the [[United States Auto Club|USAC Western US Asphalt Midget Series]] at age 15 in 2014. She won the series championship two years later. In 2017, she switched from [[open-wheel racing]] to [[stock car racing]]. In 2021, she began racing for the [[ARCA Racing Series]] with [[Venturini Motorsports]]. In 2025, she started racing in the [[NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series|NASCAR Truck Series]] with Tricon Garage. Breidinger has also modeled for [[Marie Claire|''Marie Claire Arabia'']], [[Glamour (magazine)|''Glamour'']], [[Shape (magazine)|''Shape'']], and ''[[GQ]]''. She said she has a modeling career to help support her racing career.<ref name=":2"/> In 2025, she appeared on [[Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue|''Sports Illustrated''<nowiki/>'s Swimsuit Issue]], becoming the first NASCAR driver to model for them.<ref name=":2" /> A social medial influencer, she has over 5 million followers on both [[Instagram]] and [[TikTok]].<ref name=tiktok/> == Early life == Antoinette Marie Breidinger was born in [[San Francisco|San Francisco, California]], on July 14, 1999.<ref name=":52"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/nascar/news-it-started-go-karts-when-toni-breidinger-opened-fell-love-racing|title="It all started in go-karts": When Toni Breidinger opened up on how she 'fell in love' with racing|publisher=Sportskeeda|accessdate=April 28, 2025|date=November 26, 2024}}</ref> She was raised in [[Hillsborough, California|Hillsborough]], California.<ref name=":52">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W8sIMk7F-S0 |title=Get To Know NASCAR Driver & Victoria's Secret Model Toni Breidinger! |date=April 23, 2024 |last=Wallace |first=Kenny |author-link=Kenny Wallace |type=Video |language=en |access-date=March 24, 2025 |archive-url= |archive-date= |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hamer |first=Caitlin |date=August 21, 2023 |title=The Bay Area’s Own Toni Breidinger Is Making NASCAR History |url=https://marinlivingmagazine.com/hillsboroughs-own-toni-breidinger-is-making-nascar-history/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 25, 2025 |website=Marin Living Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> She is the daughter of Charles Breidinger and Nada Yanni Breidinger.<ref name=folks/> She is of [[German people|German]] and [[Lebanon|Lebanese]] descent.<ref name=folks>{{Cite web |last=Hanania |first=Ray |date=April 30, 2021 |title=Interview: Arab-American NASCAR racer Toni Breidinger on breaking records and stereotypes |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1851556/sport |url-status=live |access-date=March 22, 2025 |website=[[Arab News]] |language=en |archive-date=March 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322203115/https://www.arabnews.com/node/1851556/sport }}</ref> Breidinger has a twin sister, Annie.<ref name=":0" /> She also has family living in [[Egypt]].<ref name=NYT2024/> Breidinger studied at Mercy High School in [[Burlingame, California|Burlingame]], California where she graduated in 2017.<ref name="PRIMARY2" group="‡">{{Cite web |date=February 21, 2020 |title=The Oaks - Fall 2017 - Mercy High School Burlingame |url=https://issuu.com/mercyhsb/docs/the_oaks_-_fall_2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322203116/https://issuu.com/mercyhsb/docs/the_oaks_-_fall_2017 |archive-date=March 22, 2025 |access-date=March 22, 2025 |publisher=Issuu |language=en-US }}</ref> In an interview, she said that she loved her high school years because of the [[Cultural diversity|diversity]] it had.<ref name=NYT2024>{{Cite news |last=Gluck |first=Jeff |author-link=Jeff Gluck |date=March 27, 2024 |title=Toni Breidinger on finding confidence, her ARCA goals and speaking her mind: 12 Questions |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5369748/2024/03/27/toni-breidinger-arca-trucks-nascar-12-questions/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250324002636/https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5369748/2024/03/27/toni-breidinger-arca-trucks-nascar-12-questions/ |archive-date=March 24, 2025 |access-date=March 23, 2025 |work=[[The Athletic]] |publisher=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Early racing career == When she was nine years old, Breidinger started racing [[Go-kart|go-karts]] when her father took her and her twin sister to a go-kart school.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Beaver |first=Victoria |date=June 24, 2017 |title=The Breidinger Sisters Take Separate Paths To The Track |url=https://www.floracing.com/articles/5067211-the-breidinger-sisters-take-separate-paths-to-the-track |url-status=live |access-date=March 22, 2025 |website=[[FloRacing]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Moeslein |first=Anna |date=October 19, 2022 |title=Toni Breidinger Is Making History as a Professional Race Car Driver, and It All Started at Age 9 |url=https://www.glamour.com/sponsored/story/toni-breidinger-its-about-time |url-status=live |access-date=March 22, 2025 |website=[[Glamour (magazine)|Glamour]] |language=en-US}}</ref> After Breidinger and her sister went to some lessons, her father bought the two go-karts for them to race.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Sidell |first=Lainey |date=June 15, 2018 |title=Toni Breidinger Is Racing Full Throttle |url=https://www.papermag.com/beautiful-people-toni-breidinger |url-status=live |access-date=March 22, 2025 |website=[[Paper (magazine)|Paper]] |language=en |archive-date=March 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322203116/https://www.papermag.com/beautiful-people-toni-breidinger }}</ref> She said that when she started to race, it gave her the feeling of "independence" she always wanted.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Deb |date=March 14, 2025 |title=Toni Breidinger Striving to be the Model for Success in NASCAR |url=https://www.autoweek.com/racing/nascar/a64188510/toni-breidinger-striving-model-for-success-nascar/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 22, 2025 |website=[[Autoweek]] |archive-date=March 21, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321225207/https://www.autoweek.com/racing/nascar/a64188510/toni-breidinger-striving-model-for-success-nascar/ }}</ref> In 2011, she had her only major injury of her career when she crashed during a go-kart race at the CalSpeed Karting Center.<ref name=injury/> Breidinger being thrown out of the car and getting a broken arm.<ref name=injury>{{Cite web |last=Bernal |first=Terry |date=August 7, 2014 |title=Breidingers tearing up the track |url=https://www.smdailyjournal.com/sports/breidingers-tearing-up-the-track/article_2953ec59-70f6-5520-9a92-fdddedde45c6.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250325045815/https://www.smdailyjournal.com/sports/breidingers-tearing-up-the-track/article_2953ec59-70f6-5520-9a92-fdddedde45c6.html |archive-date=March 25, 2025 |access-date=March 24, 2025 |website=[[San Mateo Daily Journal]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Waack |first=Terrin |date=March 31, 2021 |title=A female inspiration |url=https://www.nascar.com/long-form/toni-breidinger-female-driver-feature-terrin-waack/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 24, 2025 |website=[[NASCAR]] |language=en-US |archive-date=December 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206235657/https://www.nascar.com/long-form/toni-breidinger-female-driver-feature-terrin-waack/ }}</ref> She stopped go-kart racing in 2014.<ref name=":8"/> [[File:55 Toni Breidinger car 2018 ARCA Madison.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Breidinger's racecar in 2018]] In 2014, she moved up to the [[United States Auto Club|USAC Western US Asphalt Midget Series]] at age 15, finishing in second place in the series in her first season.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bernal |first=Terry |date=November 29, 2014 |title=Hillsborough's Breidinger sisters wrap up first season on the midget-car circuit |url=https://www.smdailyjournal.com/sports/hillsboroughs-breidinger-sisters-wrap-up-first-season-on-the-midget-car-circuit/article_da46e28c-e67b-58c7-baaf-38e056919767.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250325045758/https://www.smdailyjournal.com/sports/hillsboroughs-breidinger-sisters-wrap-up-first-season-on-the-midget-car-circuit/article_da46e28c-e67b-58c7-baaf-38e056919767.html |archive-date=March 25, 2025 |access-date=March 24, 2025 |website=[[San Mateo Daily Journal]] |language=en}}</ref> She won the USAC Western US Asphalt Midget Series in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2, 2018 |title=Toni Breidinger, USAC’s All-Time Winningest Female, Joins Venturini Motorsports |url=https://speedwaydigest.com/index.php/news/racing-news/42416-toni-breidinger-usac-s-all-time-winningest-female-joins-venturini-motorsports/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 25, 2025 |website=Speedway Digest |language=en-US |archive-date=September 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901193743/https://speedwaydigest.com/index.php/news/racing-news/42416-toni-breidinger-usac-s-all-time-winningest-female-joins-venturini-motorsports/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shaffer |first=Scott |date=November 29, 2022 |title=Farmland’s Jessica Bean Races Her Way Into History |url=https://www.winchesternewsgazette.com/news/farmland-s-jessica-bean-races-her-way-into-history/article_0ce0f9ea-6f5c-11ed-bc45-cb5868d18ca8.html |url-status=live |access-date=March 25, 2025 |website=[[Winchester News Gazette]] |language=en}}</ref> Breidinger wanted to start a career in open-wheel racing, however she switched to [[stock car racing]] after watching [[Stock car racing|late model races]] at Madera Speedway while she was racing [[Midget car racing|midget cars]].<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9">{{cite podcast |title=Episode 104: Toni Breidinger |website=Victory Lane |publisher=[[Apple Podcasts]] |date=August 17, 2023 |url=https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/victory-lane/id1453352693?i=1000518179728 |time=37:42 |access-date=March 25, 2025 |last=Segal |first=Davey |archive-date=April 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422132047/https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/victory-lane/id1453352693?i=1000518179728 |url-status=live }}</ref> At first, her father did not let her race, but he changed his mind after she won the Western Midget Series championship in 2016.<ref name=":9" /> After graduating high school in 2017, she moved to [[Charlotte, North Carolina]], to focus on her racing career.<ref>{{cite podcast |title=Episode 104: Toni Breidinger |website=Victory Lane |publisher=[[Apple Podcasts]] |date=April 22, 2021 |url=https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/victory-lane/id1453352693?i=1000518179728 |time=27:35 |access-date=March 25, 2025 |last=Segal |first=Davey |archive-date= |archive-url= |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, she started her career in the [[ARCA Racing Series]] for [[Venturini Motorsports]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Elassar |first=Alaa |date=February 13, 2021 |title=NASCAR’s first Arab American female driver to make her debut at Daytona International Speedway |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/13/us/daytona-nascar-arab-american-female-driver-toni-breidinger-trnd/index.html |url-status=live |access-date=March 25, 2025 |website=[[CNN]] |language=en |archive-date=December 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204072132/https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/13/us/daytona-nascar-arab-american-female-driver-toni-breidinger-trnd/index.html }}</ref> She finished in tenth at the [[Madison International Speedway]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tomlinson |first=Joy |date=July 28, 2021 |title=Toni Breidinger Joins Venturini for 4 ARCA Races |url=https://frontstretch.com/2021/07/28/toni-breidinger-joins-venturini-for-4-arca-races/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 25, 2025 |website=Frontstretch |language=en-US |archive-date=November 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241104105902/https://frontstretch.com/2021/07/28/toni-breidinger-joins-venturini-for-4-arca-races/ }}</ref> Early in 2019, Breidinger wanted to join the [[W Series (championship)|W Series]], an open-wheel and female-only racing series, for their first season.<ref name=notpick/> Although she was picked to make the first top-60 round,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bruce |first=Kenny |date=December 20, 2018 |title=Teen Toni Breidinger out to give W Series a spin |url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/sports/story/_/id/25576301/when-w-series-finalizes-lineup-stock-car-driver-toni-breidinger-hopes-make-cut |url-status=live |access-date=March 25, 2025 |website=[[ESPN]] |language=en |archive-date=June 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618031643/https://www.espn.com/espnw/sports/story/_/id/25576301/when-w-series-finalizes-lineup-stock-car-driver-toni-breidinger-hopes-make-cut }}</ref> she was not picked to be one of the 18 drivers for the season.<ref name=notpick>{{Cite news |last=Khorounzhiy |first=Valentin |date=March 28, 2019 |title=W Series reveals 18-driver grid for inaugural season |url=https://www.motorsport.com/w-series/news/wseries-2019-grid-almeria-selection/4359539/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225181340/https://www.motorsport.com/w-series/news/wseries-2019-grid-almeria-selection/4359539/ |archive-date=December 25, 2024 |access-date=March 24, 2025 |work=[[Motorsport.com]] |language=en }}</ref> Later that year, she joined [[GMS Racing]]'s driver program, where she raced late models for the team.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nguyen |first=Justin |date=February 4, 2021 |title=Toni Breidinger joins Young's for ARCA and Trucks, first female Arab-American in NASCAR national series |url=https://www.thecheckeredflag.co.uk/2021/02/toni-breidinger-joins-youngs-for-arca-and-trucks-first-female-arab-american-in-nascar-national-series/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 25, 2025 |website=The Checkered Flag |language=en-GB |archive-date=August 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814103250/https://www.thecheckeredflag.co.uk/2021/02/toni-breidinger-joins-youngs-for-arca-and-trucks-first-female-arab-american-in-nascar-national-series/ }}</ref> In 2020, she raced a full season in the Carolina Pro Late Model Series where she finished fourth in the series.<ref name=":11" /> == ARCA and NASCAR career == In 2021, Breidinger began to race in the [[ARCA Menards Series|ARCA Racing Series]] alongside [[NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series|NASCAR Truck Series]] for [[Young's Motorsports]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Utter |first=Jim |date=February 5, 2021 |title=USAC winner Toni Breidinger to run ARCA and Trucks in 2021 |url=https://www.motorsport.com/nascar-truck/news/toni-breidinger-arca-trucks-2021/5345073/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 23, 2025 |website=[[Motorsport.com]] |language=en |archive-date=February 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207143432/https://www.motorsport.com/nascar-truck/news/toni-breidinger-arca-trucks-2021/5345073/ }}</ref> In her first race with the team, she finished 18th and became the first Arab-American woman to race in a NASCAR series.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last=Brito |first=Christopher |date=February 15, 2021 |title=Toni Breidinger makes history as NASCAR's first Arab American female driver after Daytona debut |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/toni-breidinger-nascar-first-arab-american-female-driver-daytona/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 23, 2025 |website=[[CBS News]] |language=en-US |archive-date=January 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130093227/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/toni-breidinger-nascar-first-arab-american-female-driver-daytona/ }}</ref> After five ARCA races with the team, she moved to [[Venturini Motorsports]] midway through the season to race four more ARCA races for them.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Christie |first=Toby |date=July 28, 2021 |title=Toni Breidinger Moves From Young's to Venturini Motorsports For Five-Race Deal With Social Media Site Triller |url=https://tobychristie.com/nascar-regional/arca-menards-series/toni-breidinger-moves-from-youngs-to-venturini-motorsports-for-five-race-deal-with-social-media-site-triller/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 23, 2025 |website=TobyChristie.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Doyle |first=Doug |date=August 15, 2021 |title=Toni Breidinger Races through Barriers as the First Arab-American Female NASCAR Driver |url=https://www.wbgo.org/podcast/sportsjam/2021-08-15/toni-breidinger-races-through-barriers-as-the-first-arab-american-female-nascar-driver |url-status=live |access-date=March 23, 2025 |website=[[WBGO]] |language=en |archive-date=January 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122045557/https://www.wbgo.org/podcast/sportsjam/2021-08-15/toni-breidinger-races-through-barriers-as-the-first-arab-american-female-nascar-driver }}</ref> [[File:2021 Toni Breidinger Kansas Speedway.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Breidinger at the [[Kansas Speedway]] in 2021]] In 2022, Breidinger raced her first full-time season in ARCA for the series' 2022 [[ARCA Menards Series]] season with Venturini Motorsports.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srigley |first=Joseph |date=January 13, 2022 |title=Toni Breidinger Running for 2022 ARCA Championship with Venturini Motorsports |url=https://tobychristie.com/nascar-regional/arca-menards-series/toni-breidinger-running-for-2022-arca-championship-with-venturini-motorsports/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 23, 2025 |website=TobyChristie.com |language=en-US |archive-date=October 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009055208/https://tobychristie.com/nascar-regional/arca-menards-series/toni-breidinger-running-for-2022-arca-championship-with-venturini-motorsports/ }}</ref> She finished in the top-ten at the [[Daytona International Speedway]] and won four top-ten finishes.<ref name=":12">{{cite web|url=https://www.racing-reference.info/driver-season-stats/breidto01/2022/A/|title=Toni Breidinger – 2022 ARCA Menards Series Results|website=Racing-Reference|publisher=NASCAR Digital Media, LLC|access-date=March 5, 2022|archive-date=March 5, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305134433/https://www.racing-reference.info/driver-season-stats/breidto01/2022/A/|url-status=live}}</ref> However, she did not win one of the major races at the [[Talladega Superspeedway]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bromberg |first=Nick |date=April 23, 2022 |title=ARCA driver cut from car and placed on stretcher after vicious wreck at Talladega |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/arca-driver-cut-from-car-and-placed-on-stretcher-after-vicious-wreck-at-talladega-185526517.html |url-status=live |access-date=March 25, 2025 |website=[[Yahoo Sports]] |language=en-US |archive-date=November 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116134029/https://sports.yahoo.com/arca-driver-cut-from-car-and-placed-on-stretcher-after-vicious-wreck-at-talladega-185526517.html }}</ref> At the end of her first full-time season, she finished sixth in the series, having six total top-ten finishes and not finishing four races in the season.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wolkin |first=Joseph |date=August 28, 2023 |title=Toni Breidinger Sees Growth With Toyota Racing Development |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/josephwolkin/2023/08/28/toni-breidinger-sees-growth-with-toyota-racing-development/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231031175613/https://www.forbes.com/sites/josephwolkin/2023/08/28/toni-breidinger-sees-growth-with-toyota-racing-development/?sh=42c14f543b8b |archive-date=October 31, 2023 |access-date=March 24, 2025 |website=[[Forbes]] |language=en}}</ref> Breidinger still raced with Venturini Motorsports for the 2023 ARCA Menards Series season, however only raced for 11 races.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Branscum |first=Benjamine |date=January 11, 2023 |title=Toni Breidinger Returning to Venturini Motorsports for 11 ARCA Races in 2023 |url=https://tobychristie.com/nascar-regional/toni-breidinger-returning-to-venturini-motorsports-for-11-arca-races-in-2023/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 23, 2025 |website=TobyChristie.com |language=en-US}}</ref> She raced full-time for Nitro Motorsports in the first season of the Toyota North America GR Cup.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Newby |first=John |date=August 12, 2022 |title=Toni Breidinger Takes on New Racing Series in 2023 |url=https://heavy.com/sports/nascar/toni-breidinger-new-racing-series-2023/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 23, 2025 |website=[[Heavy (website)|Heavy]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Breidinger said she raced in the series to get more experience.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Howard |first=Jonathan |date=September 8, 2023 |title=Toni Breidinger: Pink carpets and pit roads |url=https://www.on3.com/pro/news/toni-breidinger-pink-carpets-and-pit-roads/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 23, 2025 |website=[[On3.com]] |language=en}}</ref> In the 2023 ARCA season, Breidinger was able to win her first top-five finish in the series.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Branscum |first=Benjamine |date=June 18, 2023 |title=William Sawalich Makes Late-Race Bump on Jesse Love to Win ARCA 200 at Berlin |url=https://tobychristie.com/nascar-regional/william-sawalich-makes-late-move-on-jesse-love-to-win-at-berlin/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 24, 2025 |website=TobyChristie.com |language=en-US |archive-date=November 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106030954/https://tobychristie.com/nascar-regional/william-sawalich-makes-late-move-on-jesse-love-to-win-at-berlin/ }}</ref> She won four top-fives in the season and a best race finish, third place, at the [[Kansas Speedway]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Eubanks |first=Michael |date=February 11, 2024 |title='Big moment for me:' Toni Breidinger to make fourth Truck Series start, but first at Daytona |url=https://www.si.com/fannation/racing/auto-racing-digest/nascar/big-moment-for-me-toni-breidinger-to-make-fourth-truck-series-start-but-first-at-daytona |url-status=live |access-date=March 24, 2025 |website=Auto Racing Digest |publisher=[[Sports Illustrated]] |language=en-US |archive-date=August 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812190806/https://www.si.com/fannation/racing/auto-racing-digest/nascar/big-moment-for-me-toni-breidinger-to-make-fourth-truck-series-start-but-first-at-daytona }}</ref> Also in 2023, Breidinger began racing with [[NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series|NASCAR Truck Series]] for [[Tricon Garage]], where she finished in 15th at the Heart of America 200.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Utter |first=Jim |date=April 26, 2023 |title=Toni Breidinger to make NASCAR Truck debut at Kansas |url=https://www.motorsport.com/nascar-truck/news/toni-breidinger-to-make-nascar-truck-debut-at-kansas/10460899/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616212653/https://www.motorsport.com/nascar-truck/news/toni-breidinger-to-make-nascar-truck-debut-at-kansas/10460899/ |archive-date=June 16, 2024 |access-date=March 24, 2025 |work=[[Motorsport.com]] |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Srigley |first=Joseph |date=May 7, 2023 |title=Toni Breidinger Records 15th-Place Finish in Truck Series Debut at Kansas |url=https://tobychristie.com/ra/toni-breidinger-records-15th-place-finish-in-truck-series-debut-at-kansas/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 23, 2025 |website=TobyChristie.com |language=en-US}}</ref> She then raced for two more events for the team in the 2023 [[NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series|Truck season]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cusumano |first=Cole |date=September 8, 2023 |title=Busy Breidinger Rides Confidence, Comfortability into Kansas |url=https://kickinthetires.net/nascar/busy-toni-breidinger-rides-confidence-comfortability-into-kansas/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 23, 2025 |website=Kickin' The Tires |language=en-US |archive-date=December 5, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241205215429/https://kickinthetires.net/nascar/busy-toni-breidinger-rides-confidence-comfortability-into-kansas/ }}</ref> Breidinger returned to race full-time for the 2024 ARCA Menards Series season with Venturini Motorsports.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Branscum |first=Benjamine |date=January 26, 2024 |title=Toni Breidinger Returns To Full-Time Competiton With Venturini Motorsports |url=https://tobychristie.com/nascar-regional/arca-menards-series/toni-breidinger-returns-to-full-time-competiton-with-venturini-motorsports/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=TobyChristie.com |language=en-US}}</ref> In the first race at the [[Daytona International Speedway]], she got into a crash early on in the race which took her out of the race.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Christie |first=Toby |date=February 17, 2024 |title=Toni Breidinger Unleashes Criticism of Teammate Gus Dean After Daytona Run-In |url=https://tobychristie.com/nascar-regional/arca-menards-series/toni-breidinger-unleashes-criticism-of-teammate-gus-dean-after-daytona-run-in/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 23, 2025 |website=TobyChristie.com |language=en-US |archive-date=March 23, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323201252/https://tobychristie.com/nascar-regional/arca-menards-series/toni-breidinger-unleashes-criticism-of-teammate-gus-dean-after-daytona-run-in/ }}</ref> Her teammate, [[Gus Dean]], caused the crash and Breidinger criticized him in interviews after the race.<ref name=NYT2024/> Even though she won 11 top-ten finishes throughout the 20-race season, she did not finish within the top-five in any race.<ref name=":4"/> The best finish she had that season was a sixth place finish.<ref name=":4">{{cite web|url=https://www.racing-reference.info/driver-season-stats/breidto01/2024/AE/|title=Toni Breidinger – 2024 ARCA Menards Series East Results|website=Racing-Reference|publisher=NASCAR Digital Media, LLC|access-date=April 26, 2024|archive-date=April 26, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426214157/https://www.racing-reference.info/driver-season-stats/breidto01/2024/AE/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Konenski |first=Austin |date=November 26, 2024 |title=Toni Breidinger joins TRICON Garage full-time in NASCAR Truck Series for 2025 |url=https://motorsportswire.usatoday.com/story/sports/motor/2024/11/26/toni-breidinger-tricon-garage-full-time-nascar-truck-series-2025/76610691007/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 23, 2025 |website=Motorsports Wire |publisher=[[USA Today]] |language=en-US |archive-date=March 23, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323201252/https://motorsportswire.usatoday.com/story/sports/motor/2024/11/26/toni-breidinger-tricon-garage-full-time-nascar-truck-series-2025/76610691007/ }}</ref> She also did not finish three other races because she was in some race crashes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Damcott |first=Anthony |date=April 26, 2024 |title=Christian Rose, Amber Balcaen Halt ARCA Dover Race with Huge Crash |url=https://frontstretch.com/2024/04/26/christian-rose-amber-balcaen-halt-arca-dover-race-with-huge-crash/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 23, 2025 |website=Frontstretch |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kristl |first=Mark |date=July 19, 2024 |title=Connor Zilisch Wins ARCA Race at IRP for 3rd Win of Season |url=https://frontstretch.com/2024/07/19/connor-zilisch-wins-arca-race-at-irp-for-3rd-win-of-season/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 23, 2025 |website=Frontstretch |language=en-US |archive-date=March 23, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323201253/https://frontstretch.com/2024/07/19/connor-zilisch-wins-arca-race-at-irp-for-3rd-win-of-season/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Srigley |first=Joseph |date=July 28, 2024 |title=Video: Corey Day and Toni Breidinger Crash Big in ARCA Race at Salem |url=https://tobychristie.com/nascar-regional/video-corey-day-and-toni-breidinger-crash-big-in-arca-race-at-salem/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 23, 2025 |website=TobyChristie.com |language=en-US |archive-date=March 23, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323201252/https://tobychristie.com/nascar-regional/video-corey-day-and-toni-breidinger-crash-big-in-arca-race-at-salem/ }}</ref> She finished the season with an average start of 12.0 and an average finish of 12.2, coming in fourth in the series.<ref name=":4" /> Also in 2024, Breidinger raced in the Truck Series for Tricon Garage.<ref name=seven/> She finished in 27th for the series' first race.<ref name=seven>{{Cite web |last=Cook |first=Garrett |date=February 1, 2024 |title=Toni Breidinger To Race at Daytona With TRICON Garage |url=https://frontstretch.com/2024/02/01/toni-breidinger-to-race-at-daytona-with-tricon-garage/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 23, 2025 |website=Frontstretch |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{cite web|url=https://www.racing-reference.info/driver-season-stats/breidto01/2024/C/|title=Toni Breidinger – 2024 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series Results|website=Racing-Reference|publisher=NASCAR Digital Media, LLC|access-date=February 16, 2024|archive-date=February 17, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217033042/https://www.racing-reference.info/driver-season-stats/breidto01/2024/C/|url-status=live}}</ref> Breidinger also began racing full-time in the Truck Series for 2025 with Tricon Garage.<ref name=":6" /> She is the only full-time female racing driver for the 2025 season.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sbnation.com/2025/4/21/24412843/toni-breidinger-nascar-woman-truck-series-swimsuit-instagram-rockingham|title=Meet the only woman racing full-time in NASCAR this season|publisher=SBNation|accessdate=April 28, 2025|date=April 21, 2025}}</ref> In January 2025, Breidinger took part of the [[Rose Parade]] and represented stock car racing at the [[Rose Bowl Game]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.on3.com/pro/news/toni-breidinger-makes-appearance-in-rose-parade-ahead-of-college-football-playoff-game/|title=Toni Breidinger makes appearance in Rose Parade ahead of College Football Playoff game|publisher=ON3|accessdate=April 28, 2025|date=January 1, 2025}}</ref> == Modeling career and partnerships == [[File:Toni Breidinger 2018 ARCA Madison.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Breidinger in 2018]] Breidinger also has a modeling career to help support her racing career.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Engle |first=Greg |date=December 1, 2024 |title=NASCAR’s New Face: Toni Breidinger Balances Speed, Style, And Success |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/gregengle/2024/12/01/nascars-new-face-toni-breidinger-balances-speed-style-and-success/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241226021551/https://www.forbes.com/sites/gregengle/2024/12/01/nascars-new-face-toni-breidinger-balances-speed-style-and-success/ |archive-date=December 26, 2024 |access-date=March 22, 2025 |website=[[Forbes]] |language=en}}</ref> Her modeling agency is [[IMG Models]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Chikhoune |first=Ryma |date=September 4, 2024 |title=EXCLUSIVE: NASCAR Star Toni Breidinger Signs With IMG Models |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/nascar-toni-breidinger-img-models-1236569916/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 22, 2025 |website=[[Women's Wear Daily]] |language=en-US |archive-date=March 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322203115/https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/nascar-toni-breidinger-img-models-1236569916/ }}</ref> She has done modeling appearances for [[Marie Claire|''Marie Claire Arabia'']],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nakhal |first=Arza |date=March 15, 2021 |title=Toni Breidinger: "كوني تلك المرأة التي تحقق شغفها على أرض الواقع!" |trans-title=Toni Breidinger: "Be that woman who makes her passion a reality!" |url=https://marieclairearabia.com/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%A9/toni-breidinger-%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%83-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%91%D9%82-%D8%B4%D8%BA%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D9%84 |url-status=live |access-date=March 22, 2025 |website=[[Marie Claire|Marie Claire Arabia]] |language=ar |archive-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420044655/https://marieclairearabia.com/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%A9/toni-breidinger-%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%83-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%91%D9%82-%D8%B4%D8%BA%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D9%84 }}</ref> [[Glamour (magazine)|''Glamour'']],<ref name=":1" /> ''Flaunt'',<ref>{{Cite web |last=Juarez |first=Kathleen |title=Toni Breidinger |url=https://www.flaunt.com/blog/people-toni-breidinger |url-status=live |access-date=March 22, 2025 |website=Flaunt |archive-date=March 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322203116/https://www.flaunt.com/blog/people-toni-breidinger }}</ref> [[Shape (magazine)|''Shape'']],<ref name=":5">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTPWqfeUkBs |title=NASCAR’s First Arab-American Female Toni Breidinger is Changing the Game {{!}} Goal Crushers {{!}} SHAPE |date=27 January 2023 |language=en |publisher=[[Shape (magazine)|Shape]] |access-date=March 22, 2025 |archive-url= |archive-date= |url-status=bot: unknown |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> and ''[[GQ]]''.<ref name=":3" /> In 2022, she started modeling for [[Victoria's Secret]].<ref name=health/> In early 2025, she also began modeling for Rare Beauty, a [[cosmetics|cosmetic brand]] created by [[Selena Gomez]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/autos/news/nascar-s-victoria-s-secret-model-toni-breidinger-collabs-with-selena-gomez-s-2-billion-worth-brand-amongst-others/ar-AA1wWs6M|title=NASCAR’s Victoria’s Secret Model Toni Breidinger Collabs With Selena Gomez’s $2 Billion Worth Brand Amongst Others|publisher=MSN|accessdate=April 28, 2025|date=January 6, 2025}}</ref> In 2021, she appeared on American talk show ''[[The Ellen DeGeneres Show]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srigley |first=Joseph |date=February 25, 2021 |title='It's Really Cool to Be the First, But I Also Don't Want to Be the Last,' Toni Breidinger Talks Racing, Making History on 'The Ellen DeGeneres Show' |url=https://tobychristie.com/nascar-regional/arca-menards-series/its-really-cool-to-be-the-first-but-i-also-dont-want-to-be-the-last-toni-breidinger-talks-racing-making-history-on-the-ellen-degeneres-show/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 23, 2025 |website=TobyChristie.com |language=en-US |archive-date=July 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720194504/https://tobychristie.com/nascar-regional/arca-menards-series/its-really-cool-to-be-the-first-but-i-also-dont-want-to-be-the-last-toni-breidinger-talks-racing-making-history-on-the-ellen-degeneres-show/ }}</ref> In 2025, she appeared on [[Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue|''Sports Illustrated''<nowiki/>'s Swimsuit Issue]], becoming the first NASCAR driver to model for them.<ref name=":2" /> When talking about both her racing and modeling career, she said she is like [[Hannah Montana]] because of the "two different lives" she has and how they are "opposites".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shepard |first=Skyler |last2=Womack |first2=Chris |date=February 14, 2025 |title=Toni Breidinger races into history as NASCAR's first Arab-American woman driver |url=https://cbs12.com/news/local/toni-breidinger-races-into-history-as-nascars-first-arab-american-woman-driver-nascar-truck-season-florida-news-february-14-2025 |url-status=live |access-date=March 22, 2025 |publisher=[[WPEC]] |language=en |archive-date=March 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322203116/https://cbs12.com/news/local/toni-breidinger-races-into-history-as-nascars-first-arab-american-woman-driver-nascar-truck-season-florida-news-february-14-2025 }}</ref> She said she was inspired to go into modeling after watching Victoria's Secret fashion shows as a kid.<ref name=model/> She called model [[Adriana Lima]] her inspiration.<ref name=model>{{Cite web |last=Leporati |first=Gregory |date=February 14, 2024 |title=Toni Breidinger: The NASCAR Racer With A Victoria’s Secret Side Hustle |url=https://www.nylon.com/life/toni-breidinger-nascar-victorias-secret-interview-2024 |url-status=live |access-date=March 23, 2025 |website=[[Nylon (magazine)|Nylon]] |language=en}}</ref> Breidinger is also [[partnership|partnered]] with many companies and restaurants such as with [[Raising Cane's Chicken Fingers|Raising Cane's]].<ref name=canes>{{Cite web |last=Stern |first=Adam |date=February 21, 2024 |title=Raising Cane's kicks off major in-store activation featuring NASCAR driver Toni Breidinger |url=https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Articles/2024/02/21/raising-canes-nascar-toni-breidinger/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250323200755/https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Articles/2024/02/21/raising-canes-nascar-toni-breidinger/ |archive-date=March 23, 2025 |access-date=March 23, 2025 |website=[[Sports Business Journal]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=canes2>{{Cite web |last=Perray |first=Helena |date=April 23, 2024 |title=Raising Cane’s opens in Daytona Beach with NASCAR ARCA driver Toni Breidinger |url=https://www.news-journalonline.com/story/entertainment/dining/2024/07/23/raising-canes-opens-in-daytona-with-nascar-arca-driver-toni-breidinger/74512310007/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 23, 2025 |website=[[Daytona Beach News-Journal]] |language=en-US |archive-date=March 23, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323201252/https://www.news-journalonline.com/story/entertainment/dining/2024/07/23/raising-canes-opens-in-daytona-with-nascar-arca-driver-toni-breidinger/74512310007/ }}</ref> She is also partnered with [[energy drink]] company [[Celsius Holdings|Celsius]], fuel company [[Sunoco]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rutherford |first=Kevin |date=November 26, 2024 |title=Toni Breidinger Moving to Trucks With TRICON |url=https://frontstretch.com/2024/11/26/toni-breidinger-moving-to-trucks-with-tricon/ |url-status=live |access-date=April 2, 2025 |website=Frontstretch |language=en-US |archive-date=January 13, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250113134100/https://frontstretch.com/2024/11/26/toni-breidinger-moving-to-trucks-with-tricon/ }}</ref> fashion house [[Coach New York|Coach]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stern |first=Adam |date=April 23, 2025 |title=Athletes to endorse new Coach sneaker |url=https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Articles/2025/04/23/athletes-to-endorse-new-coach-sneaker/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250424220759/https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Articles/2025/04/23/athletes-to-endorse-new-coach-sneaker/ |archive-date=April 24, 2025 |access-date=April 24, 2025 |website=[[Sports Business Journal]] |language=en}}</ref> and [[Kendall Jenner]]-owned tequila brand 818 Tequila.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Caruso |first=Skyler |date=April 24, 2025 |title=Toni Breidinger Predicted Her NASCAR Career at Age 9. Now, She's Making History in the Sport (Exclusive) |url=https://people.com/nascar-driver-toni-breidinger-reveals-how-shes-paving-her-own-path-exclusive-11715759 |url-status=live |access-date=April 24, 2025 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]] |language=en}}</ref> ==Personal life== Breidinger has talked about her [[Body dysmorphic disorder|problems with her body's confidence]].<ref name=health/> In 2022, she said that "growing up I struggled a lot with body confidence" and that she was focused on her physical and mental health.<ref name=health>{{Cite web |last=Christie |first=Toby |date=September 15, 2022 |title=ARCA Racer Toni Breidinger Partners With Victoria's Secret |url=https://tobychristie.com/nascar-regional/arca-menards-series/arca-racer-toni-breidinger-partners-with-victorias-secret/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 23, 2025 |website=TobyChristie.com |language=en-US |archive-date=December 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201181730/https://tobychristie.com/nascar-regional/arca-menards-series/arca-racer-toni-breidinger-partners-with-victorias-secret/ }}</ref> Breidinger supports the [[Women's Sports Foundation]] and appeared in many [[gala]]s and events for the foundation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 12, 2023 |title=Women's Sports Foundation holding annual gala |url=https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Articles/2023/10/12/womens-sports-foundation-sportswoman-of-the-year/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250323200806/https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Articles/2023/10/12/womens-sports-foundation-sportswoman-of-the-year/ |archive-date=March 23, 2025 |access-date=March 23, 2025 |website=[[Sports Business Journal]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dalton |first=Kyle |date=March 10, 2024 |title=Toni Breidinger Talks Modeling, Racing, & Dealing With Aggressive Drivers |url=https://heavy.com/sports/nascar/toni-breidinger-modeling-racing-aggressive-drivers/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 23, 2025 |website=[[Heavy (website)|Heavy]] |language=en-US |archive-date=March 23, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323201252/https://heavy.com/sports/nascar/toni-breidinger-modeling-racing-aggressive-drivers/ }}</ref> The foundation has supported many of her races throughout her career.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Starcevic |first=R. J. |date=April 20, 2022 |title=Toni Breidinger Partnering with Women’s Sports Foundation at Talladega |url=https://tobychristie.com/nascar-regional/arca-menards-series/toni-breidinger-partnering-with-womens-sports-foundation-at-talladega/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 23, 2025 |website=TobyChristie.com |language=en-US |archive-date=March 23, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323201252/https://tobychristie.com/nascar-regional/arca-menards-series/toni-breidinger-partnering-with-womens-sports-foundation-at-talladega/ }}</ref> Breidinger also is a [[Internet celebrity|social media influencer]] with more than 5 million followers both on [[Instagram]] and [[TikTok]].<ref name=tiktok>{{cite web|url=https://www.autoweek.com/racing/nascar/a64188510/toni-breidinger-striving-model-for-success-nascar/|title=Toni Breidinger Striving to be the Model for Success in NASCAR|publisher=Autoweek|accessdate=April 28, 2025|date=March 14, 2025}}</ref> In a 2024 interview for ''[[The New York Times]]'', she said that she uses her social media to show the diversity in NASCAR races and how much it has changed in recent years.<ref name=NYT2024/> ==Notes== {{reflist|group=‡}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commons category|Toni Breidinger}} * {{official website|tonibreidinger.com}} * {{Racing-Reference driver|Toni_Breidinger}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Breidinger, Toni}} [[Category:1999 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:NASCAR drivers]] [[Category:Sportspeople from San Francisco]] [[Category:Models from California]] [[Category:Twin people from the United States]] [[Category:Models from North Carolina]] [[Category:Sportspeople from Charlotte, North Carolina]] [[Category:American TikTokers]] [[Category:People from San Mateo, California]] cznr0fape6c8nwnq0l4du09dmtc00rr 3 1184972 10368006 10342822 2025-07-02T17:49:38Z Davey2010 314522 /* Recent */ 10368006 wikitext text/x-wiki == Notes to self == == Notes to self == == JWB == *[https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/Script JWB page]. == TalkpageNotes == === Recent === * ==== Nob prize - people ==== * {{tl|nobelprize}} * Link to find out what articles and amend accordingly *[[Aage Bohr]] *[[Aaron Ciechanover]] *[[Aaron Klug]] *[[Abdulrazak Gurnah]] *[[Abdus Salam]] *[[Abhijit Banerjee]] *[[Abiy Ahmed]] *[[Ada Yonath]] *[[Adam Riess]] *[[Adolf Butenandt]] *[[Adolf von Baeyer]] *[[Adolf Windaus]] *[[Adolfo Pérez Esquivel]] *[[Ahmed Zewail]] *[[Akira Suzuki]] *[[Akira Yoshino]] *[[Al Gore]] *[[Alain Aspect]] *[[Alan Hodgkin]] *[[Alan J. Heeger]] *[[Alan MacDiarmid]] *[[Albert A. Michelson]] *[[Albert Camus]] *[[Albert Claude]] *[[Albert Einstein]] *[[Albert Fert]] *[[Albert Schweitzer]] *[[Albert Szent-Györgyi]] *[[Albrecht Kossel]] *[[Alec Todd]] *[[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]] *[[Ales Bialiatski]] *[[Alexander Fleming]] *[[Alexander Prokhorov]] *[[Alexei Abrikosov (physicist)]] *[[Alexey Ekimov]] *[[Alexis Carrel]] *[[Alfonso García Robles]] *[[Alfred G. Gilman]] *[[Alfred Hermann Fried]] *[[Alfred Hershey]] *[[Alfred Kastler]] *[[Alfred Werner]] *[[Alice Munro]] *[[Allan MacLeod Cormack]] *[[Allvar Gullstrand]] *[[Alva Myrdal]] *[[Alvin E. Roth]] *[[Amartya Sen]] *[[André Frédéric Cournand]] *[[Andre Geim]] *[[André Gide]] *[[André Michel Lwoff]] *[[Andrei Sakharov]] *[[Andrew Fire]] *[[Andrew Huxley]] *[[Andrew Schally]] *[[Angus Deaton]] *[[Anne L'Huillier]] *[[Annie Ernaux]] *[[Anthony James Leggett]] *[[Anton Zeilinger]] *[[António Egas Moniz]] *[[Antony Hewish]] *[[Anwar Sadat]] *[[Archer Martin]] *[[Archibald Hill]] *[[Arieh Warshel]] *[[Aristide Briand]] *[[Arne Tiselius]] *[[Arno Allan Penzias]] *[[Arthur Ashkin]] *[[Arthur B. McDonald]] *[[Arthur Compton]] *[[Arthur Harden]] *[[Arthur Henderson]] *[[Arthur Kornberg]] *[[Arthur Leonard Schawlow]] *[[Artturi Ilmari Virtanen]] *[[Arvid Carlsson]] *[[August Krogh]] *[[Auguste Beernaert]] *[[Aung San Suu Kyi]] *[[Austen Chamberlain]] *[[Avram Hershko]] *[[Aziz Sancar]] *[[Barack Obama]] *[[Barbara McClintock]] *[[Barry Barish]] *[[Barry Marshall]] *[[Baruch Samuel Blumberg]] *[[Baruj Benacerraf]] *[[Ben Feringa]] *[[Ben Roy Mottelson]] *[[Bengt Holmström]] *[[Bengt I. Samuelsson]] *[[Benjamin List]] *[[Bernard Katz]] *[[Bernardo Houssay]] *[[Bert Sakmann]] *[[Bertha von Suttner]] *[[Bertil Ohlin]] *[[Bertram Brockhouse]] *[[Bertrand Russell]] *[[Betty Williams]] *[[Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson]] *[[Bob Dylan]] *[[Boris Pasternak]] *[[Brian Josephson]] *[[Brian Kobilka]] *[[Brian Schmidt]] *[[Bruce Beutler]] *[[Burton Richter]] *[[C. F. Powell]] *[[C. T. R. Wilson]] *[[C. V. Raman]] *[[Camillo Golgi]] *[[Camilo José Cela]] *[[Carl Bosch]] *[[Carl David Anderson]] *[[Carl Ferdinand Cori]] *[[Carl Spitteler]] *[[Carl von Ossietzky]] *[[Carl Wieman]] *[[Carlo Rubbia]] *[[Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo]] *[[Carlos Saavedra Lamas]] *[[Carol W. Greider]] *[[Carolyn Bertozzi]] *[[César Milstein]] *[[Charles Albert Gobat]] *[[Charles Brenton Huggins]] *[[Charles Édouard Guillaume]] *[[Charles G. Dawes]] *[[Charles Glover Barkla]] *[[Charles H. Townes]] *[[Charles J. Pedersen]] *[[Charles K. Kao]] *[[Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran]] *[[Charles M. Rice]] *[[Charles Richet]] *[[Charles Scott Sherrington]] *[[Christiaan Eijkman]] *[[Christian B. Anfinsen]] *[[Christian de Duve]] *[[Christian Lous Lange]] *[[Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard]] *[[Christopher A. Pissarides]] *[[Christopher A. Sims]] *[[Claude Cohen-Tannoudji]] *[[Claude Simon]] *[[Claudia Goldin]] *[[Clifford Shull]] *[[Clinton Davisson]] *[[Clive Granger]] *[[Cordell Hull]] *[[Corneille Heymans]] *[[Craig Mello]] *[[Cyril N. Hinshelwood]] *[[Czesław Miłosz]] *[[Dag Hammarskjöld]] *[[Dale T. Mortensen]] *[[Dan Shechtman]] *[[Daniel Bovet]] *[[Daniel C. Tsui]] *[[Daniel Carleton Gajdusek]] *[[Daniel Kahneman]] *[[Daniel McFadden]] *[[Daniel Nathans]] *[[Dario Fo]] *[[David Baltimore]] *[[David Card]] *[[David H. Hubel]] *[[David J. Wineland]] *[[David Lee (physicist)]] *[[David MacMillan]] *[[David Thouless]] *[[David Trimble]] *[[Denis Mukwege]] *[[Dennis Gabor]] *[[Derek Barton]] *[[Derek Walcott]] *[[Desmond Tutu]] *[[Dickinson W. Richards]] *[[Didier Queloz]] *[[Dmitry Muratov]] *[[Dominique Pire]] *[[Donald A. Glaser]] *[[Donald J. Cram]] *[[Donna Strickland]] *[[Doris Lessing]] *[[Dorothy Hodgkin]] *[[Douglas Diamond]] *[[Douglas Osheroff]] *[[Douglass North]] *[[Drew Weissman]] *[[Dudley R. Herschbach]] *[[Duncan Haldane]] *[[E. Donnall Thomas]] *[[Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr.]] *[[Edgar Adrian]] *[[Edmond H. Fischer]] *[[Edmund Phelps]] *[[Eduard Buchner]] *[[Edvard Moser]] *[[Edward Adelbert Doisy]] *[[Edward Appleton]] *[[Edward B. Lewis]] *[[Edward C. Prescott]] *[[Edward Calvin Kendall]] *[[Edward Mills Purcell]] *[[Edwin G. Krebs]] *[[Edwin McMillan]] *[[Ei-ichi Negishi]] *[[Eisaku Satō]] *[[Elfriede Jelinek]] *[[Elias Canetti]] *[[Elias James Corey]] *[[Élie Ducommun]] *[[Élie Metchnikoff]] *[[Elie Wiesel]] *[[Elihu Root]] *[[Elinor Ostrom]] *[[Elizabeth Blackburn]] *[[Ellen Johnson Sirleaf]] *[[Emil Fischer]] *[[Emil Theodor Kocher]] *[[Emil von Behring]] *[[Emilio Segrè]] *[[Emily Greene Balch]] *[[Emmanuelle Charpentier]] *[[Enrico Fermi]] *[[Eric Allin Cornell]] *[[Eric Betzig]] *[[Eric F. Wieschaus]] *[[Eric Kandel]] *[[Eric Maskin]] *[[Erik Axel Karlfeldt]] *[[Ernest Hemingway]] *[[Ernest Lawrence]] *[[Ernest Rutherford]] *[[Ernest Walton]] *[[Ernesto Teodoro Moneta]] *[[Ernst Chain]] *[[Ernst Otto Fischer]] *[[Ernst Ruska]] *[[Erwin Neher]] *[[Erwin Schrödinger]] *[[Esther Duflo]] *[[Eugene Fama]] *[[Eugene O'Neill]] *[[Eugene Wigner]] *[[Eugenio Montale]] *[[European Union]] *[[Eyvind Johnson]] *[[F. Sherwood Rowland]] *[[F. W. de Klerk]] *[[Felix Bloch]] *[[Feodor Lynen]] *[[Ferdinand Buisson]] *[[Ferenc Krausz]] *[[Ferid Murad]] *[[Finn E. Kydland]] *[[Frances Arnold]] *[[Francis Crick]] *[[Francis Peyton Rous]] *[[Francis William Aston]] *[[Franco Modigliani]] *[[François Englert]] *[[François Jacob]] *[[François Mauriac]] *[[Françoise Barré-Sinoussi]] *[[Frank B. Kellogg]] *[[Frank Wilczek]] *[[Frans Eemil Sillanpää]] *[[Fraser Stoddart]] *[[Frédéric Joliot-Curie]] *[[Frédéric Mistral]] *[[Frédéric Passy]] *[[Frederick Banting]] *[[Frederick Chapman Robbins]] *[[Frederick Gowland Hopkins]] *[[Frederick Reines]] *[[Frederick Sanger]] *[[Frederick Soddy]] *[[Fredrik Bajer]] *[[Fridtjof Nansen]] *[[Friedrich Bergius]] *[[Friedrich Hayek]] *[[Frits Zernike]] *[[Fritz Albert Lipmann]] *[[Fritz Haber]] *[[Fritz Pregl]] *[[Gabriel Lippmann]] *[[Gabriela Mistral]] *[[Gao Xingjian]] *[[Gary Becker]] *[[Gary Ruvkun]] *[[Geoffrey Wilkinson]] *[[Georg Bednorz]] *[[Georg von Békésy]] *[[Georg Wittig]] *[[George Akerlof]] *[[George Andrew Olah]] *[[George Beadle]] *[[George C. Marshall]] *[[George Davis Snell]] *[[George de Hevesy]] *[[George E. Smith]] *[[George Emil Palade]] *[[George H. Hitchings]] *[[George Minot]] *[[George Paget Thomson]] *[[George Porter]] *[[George Smith (chemist)]] *[[George Smoot]] *[[George Stigler]] *[[George Wald]] *[[George Whipple]] *[[Georges Charpak]] *[[Georges J. F. Köhler]] *[[Gerald Edelman]] *[[Gerard 't Hooft]] *[[Gérard Debreu]] *[[Gérard Mourou]] *[[Gerd Binnig]] *[[Gerhard Domagk]] *[[Gerhard Ertl]] *[[Gerhard Herzberg]] *[[Gerhart Hauptmann]] *[[Gertrude B. Elion]] *[[Gerty Cori]] *[[Giorgio Parisi]] *[[Giorgos Seferis]] *[[Giosuè Carducci]] *[[Giulio Natta]] *[[Glenn T. Seaborg]] *[[Godfrey Hounsfield]] *[[Grameen Bank]] *[[Grazia Deledda]] *[[Gregg L. Semenza]] *[[Gregory Winter]] *[[Guglielmo Marconi]] *[[Guido Imbens]] *[[Gunnar Myrdal]] *[[Günter Blobel]] *[[Günter Grass]] *[[Gustaf Dalén]] *[[Gustav Ludwig Hertz]] *[[Gustav Stresemann]] *[[H. Robert Horvitz]] *[[Haldan Keffer Hartline]] *[[Halldór Laxness]] *[[Hamilton O. Smith]] *[[Han Kang]] *[[Hannes Alfvén]] *[[Hans Bethe]] *[[Hans Fischer]] *[[Hans Georg Dehmelt]] *[[Hans Krebs (biochemist)]] *[[Hans Spemann]] *[[Hans von Euler-Chelpin]] *[[Har Gobind Khorana]] *[[Harald zur Hausen]] *[[Harold E. Varmus]] *[[Harold Pinter]] *[[Harold Urey]] *[[Harry Kroto]] *[[Harry Markowitz]] *[[Harry Martinson]] *[[Hartmut Michel]] *[[Harvey J. Alter]] *[[Heike Kamerlingh Onnes]] *[[Heinrich Böll]] *[[Heinrich Otto Wieland]] *[[Heinrich Rohrer]] *[[Hendrik Lorentz]] *[[Henri Becquerel]] *[[Henri Bergson]] *[[Henri La Fontaine]] *[[Henri Moissan]] *[[Henrik Dam]] *[[Henrik Pontoppidan]] *[[Henry Dunant]] *[[Henry Hallett Dale]] *[[Henry Taube]] *[[Henry Way Kendall]] *[[Henryk Sienkiewicz]] *[[Herbert A. Hauptman]] *[[Herbert A. Simon]] *[[Herbert C. Brown]] *[[Herbert Kroemer]] *[[Herbert Spencer Gasser]] *[[Hermann Hesse]] *[[Hermann Joseph Muller]] *[[Hermann Staudinger]] *[[Herta Müller]] *[[Hideki Shirakawa]] *[[Hideki Yukawa]] *[[Hiroshi Amano]] *[[Hjalmar Branting]] *[[Horst Ludwig Störmer]] *[[Howard Florey]] *[[Howard Martin Temin]] *[[Hugh David Politzer]] *[[Hugo Theorell]] *[[Igor Tamm]] *[[Ilya Frank]] *[[Ilya Prigogine]] *[[Imre Kertész]] *[[Irène Joliot-Curie]] *[[Irving Langmuir]] *[[Irwin Rose]] *[[Isaac Bashevis Singer]] *[[Isamu Akasaki]] *[[Isidor Isaac Rabi]] *[[Ivan Bunin]] *[[Ivan Pavlov]] *[[Ivar Giaever]] *[[Ivo Andrić]] *[[J. Hans D. Jensen]] *[[J. J. Thomson]] *[[J. M. Coetzee]] *[[J. M. G. Le Clézio]] *[[J. Michael Bishop]] *[[J. Michael Kosterlitz]] *[[Jacinto Benavente]] *[[Jack Steinberger]] *[[Jack W. Szostak]] *[[Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff]] *[[Jacques Dubochet]] *[[Jacques Monod]] *[[James B. Sumner]] *[[James Black (pharmacologist)]] *[[James Chadwick]] *[[James Cronin]] *[[James Franck]] *[[James Heckman]] *[[James M. Buchanan]] *[[James Mirrlees]] *[[James Rainwater]] *[[James Rothman]] *[[James Tobin]] *[[James Watson]] *[[Jan Tinbergen]] *[[Jane Addams]] *[[Jaroslav Heyrovský]] *[[Jaroslav Seifert]] *[[Jean Baptiste Perrin]] *[[Jean Dausset]] *[[Jean Tirole]] *[[Jean-Marie Lehn]] *[[Jean-Paul Sartre]] *[[Jean-Pierre Sauvage]] *[[Jeffrey C. Hall]] *[[Jennifer Doudna]] *[[Jens Christian Skou]] *[[Jerome Isaac Friedman]] *[[Jerome Karle]] *[[Jim Peebles]] *[[Joachim Frank]] *[[Jody Williams]] *[[Johann Deisenhofer]] *[[Johannes Diderik van der Waals]] *[[Johannes Fibiger]] *[[Johannes Stark]] *[[Johannes V. Jensen]] *[[John B. Fenn]] *[[John B. Goodenough]] *[[John Bardeen]] *[[John Boyd Orr]] *[[John C. Mather]] *[[John Clauser]] *[[John Cockcroft]] *[[John Cornforth]] *[[John E. Walker]] *[[John Eccles (neurophysiologist)]] *[[John Forbes Nash Jr.]] *[[John Franklin Enders]] *[[John Galsworthy]] *[[John Gurdon]] *[[John Harsanyi]] *[[John Hasbrouck Van Vleck]] *[[John Hicks]] *[[John Howard Northrop]] *[[John Hume]] *[[John Kendrew]] *[[John L. Hall]] *[[John Macleod (physiologist)]] *[[John Mott]] *[[John O'Keefe (neuroscientist)]] *[[John Polanyi]] *[[John Pople]] *[[John Robert Schrieffer]] *[[John Steinbeck]] *[[John Sulston]] *[[John Vane]] *[[John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh]] *[[Jon Fosse]] *[[José Echegaray]] *[[José Ramos-Horta]] *[[José Saramago]] *[[Joseph Brodsky]] *[[Joseph E. Murray]] *[[Joseph Erlanger]] *[[Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.]] *[[Joseph L. Goldstein]] *[[Joseph Rotblat]] *[[Joseph Stiglitz]] *[[Joshua Angrist]] *[[Joshua Lederberg]] *[[Juan Manuel Santos]] *[[Juan Ramón Jiménez]] *[[Jules A. Hoffmann]] *[[Jules Bordet]] *[[Julian Schwinger]] *[[Julius Axelrod]] *[[Julius Wagner-Jauregg]] *[[K. Alex Müller]] *[[Kai Siegbahn]] *[[Kailash Satyarthi]] *[[Karl Adolph Gjellerup]] *[[Karl Barry Sharpless]] *[[Karl Ferdinand Braun]] *[[Karl Landsteiner]] *[[Karl von Frisch]] *[[Karl Ziegler]] *[[Kary Mullis]] *[[Katalin Karikó]] *[[Kazuo Ishiguro]] *[[Kenichi Fukui]] *[[Kenneth Arrow]] *[[Kenneth G. Wilson]] *[[Kenzaburō Ōe]] *[[Kim Dae-jung]] *[[Kip Thorne]] *[[Klas Pontus Arnoldson]] *[[Klaus Hasselmann]] *[[Klaus von Klitzing]] *[[Knut Hamsun]] *[[Kofi Annan]] *[[Koichi Tanaka]] *[[Konrad Emil Bloch]] *[[Konrad Lorenz]] *[[Konstantin Novoselov]] *[[Kurt Alder]] *[[Kurt Wüthrich]] *[[Lars Peter Hansen]] *[[Lawrence Bragg]] *[[Lawrence Klein]] *[[Lê Đức Thọ]] *[[Lech Wałęsa]] *[[Leland H. Hartwell]] *[[Leo Esaki]] *[[Léon Bourgeois]] *[[Leon Cooper]] *[[Léon Jouhaux]] *[[Leon M. Lederman]] *[[Leonid Hurwicz]] *[[Leonid Kantorovich]] *[[Leopold Ružička]] *[[Lester B. Pearson]] *[[Lev Landau]] *[[Leymah Gbowee]] *[[Linda B. Buck]] *[[Linus Pauling]] *[[Liu Xiaobo]] *[[Lloyd Shapley]] *[[Louis de Broglie]] *[[Louis E. Brus]] *[[Louis Ignarro]] *[[Louis Néel]] *[[Louis Renault (jurist)]] *[[Louise Glück]] *[[Luc Montagnier]] *[[Ludwig Quidde]] *[[Luigi Pirandello]] *[[Luis Walter Alvarez]] *[[M. Stanley Whittingham]] *[[Macfarlane Burnet]] *[[Mairead Maguire]] *[[Makoto Kobayashi]] *[[Malala Yousafzai]] *[[Manfred Eigen]] *[[Manne Siegbahn]] *[[Maria Goeppert Mayer]] *[[Maria Ressa]] *[[Marie Curie]] *[[Mario Capecchi]] *[[Mario Molina]] *[[Mario Vargas Llosa]] *[[Marshall Warren Nirenberg]] *[[Martin Chalfie]] *[[Martin Evans]] *[[Martin Karplus]] *[[Martin Lewis Perl]] *[[Martin Luther King Jr.]] *[[Martin Rodbell]] *[[Martin Ryle]] *[[Martinus J. G. Veltman]] *[[Martti Ahtisaari]] *[[Masatoshi Koshiba]] *[[Maurice Allais]] *[[Maurice Maeterlinck]] *[[Maurice Wilkins]] *[[Max Born]] *[[Max Delbrück]] *[[Max Perutz]] *[[Max Planck]] *[[Max Theiler]] *[[Max von Laue]] *[[May-Britt Moser]] *[[Melvin Calvin]] *[[Melvin Schwartz]] *[[Menachem Begin]] *[[Merton Miller]] *[[Michael Houghton]] *[[Michael Kremer]] *[[Michael Levitt (biophysicist)]] *[[Michael Rosbash]] *[[Michael Smith (chemist)]] *[[Michael Spence]] *[[Michael Stuart Brown]] *[[Michael W. Young]] *[[Michel Mayor]] *[[Miguel Ángel Asturias]] *[[Mikhail Gorbachev]] *[[Mikhail Sholokhov]] *[[Mo Yan]] *[[Mohamed ElBaradei]] *[[Morten P. Meldal]] *[[Mother Teresa]] *[[Moungi Bawendi]] *[[Muhammad Yunus]] *[[Murray Gell-Mann]] *[[Myron Scholes]] *[[Nadia Murad]] *[[Nadine Gordimer]] *[[Naguib Mahfouz]] *[[Narges Mohammadi]] *[[Nathan Söderblom]] *[[Nelly Sachs]] *[[Nelson Mandela]] *[[Nevill Mott]] *[[Nicholas Murray Butler]] *[[Nicolaas Bloembergen]] *[[Niels Bohr]] *[[Niels Kaj Jerne]] *[[Niels Ryberg Finsen]] *[[Nihon Hidankyo]] *[[Nikolaas Tinbergen]] *[[Nikolay Basov]] *[[Nikolay Semyonov]] *[[Norman Angell]] *[[Norman Borlaug]] *[[Norman Haworth]] *[[Norman Ramsey Jr.]] *[[Octavio Paz]] *[[Odd Hassel]] *[[Odysseas Elytis]] *[[Olga Tokarczuk]] *[[Oliver E. Williamson]] *[[Oliver Hart (economist)]] *[[Oliver Smithies]] *[[Orhan Pamuk]] *[[Osamu Shimomura]] *[[Óscar Arias]] *[[Otto Diels]] *[[Otto Fritz Meyerhof]] *[[Otto Hahn]] *[[Otto Heinrich Warburg]] *[[Otto Loewi]] *[[Otto Stern]] *[[Otto Wallach]] *[[Owen Chamberlain]] *[[Owen Richardson]] *[[Pablo Neruda]] *[[Pär Lagerkvist]] *[[Patrick Blackett]] *[[Patrick Modiano]] *[[Patrick White]] *[[Paul Berg]] *[[Paul D. Boyer]] *[[Paul Dirac]] *[[Paul Ehrlich]] *[[Paul Flory]] *[[Paul Greengard]] *[[Paul Henri Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant]] *[[Paul Hermann Müller]] *[[Paul Heyse]] *[[Paul J. Crutzen]] *[[Paul Karrer]] *[[Paul L. Modrich]] *[[Paul Milgrom]] *[[Paul Nurse]] *[[Paul Romer]] *[[Paul Sabatier (chemist)]] *[[Paul Samuelson]] *[[Pavel Cherenkov]] *[[Pearl S. Buck]] *[[Percy Williams Bridgman]] *[[Peter Agre]] *[[Peter D. Mitchell]] *[[Peter Debye]] *[[Peter Diamond]] *[[Peter Grünberg]] *[[Peter Handke]] *[[Peter Higgs]] *[[Peter J. Ratcliffe]] *[[Peter Mansfield]] *[[Peter Medawar]] *[[Philip H. Dybvig]] *[[Philip Noel-Baker]] *[[Philip Showalter Hench]] *[[Philip W. Anderson]] *[[Philipp Lenard]] *[[Phillip Allen Sharp]] *[[Pierre Agostini]] *[[Pierre Curie]] *[[Pierre-Gilles de Gennes]] *[[Pieter Zeeman]] *[[Polykarp Kusch]] *[[Pyotr Kapitsa]] *[[Ragnar Frisch]] *[[Ragnar Granit]] *[[Rainer Weiss]] *[[Ralph Bunche]] *[[Ralph M. Steinman]] *[[Randal Cremer]] *[[Randy Schekman]] *[[Raymond Davis Jr.]] *[[Reinhard Genzel]] *[[Reinhard Selten]] *[[Renato Dulbecco]] *[[René Cassin]] *[[Riccardo Giacconi]] *[[Richard Adolf Zsigmondy]] *[[Richard Axel]] *[[Richard E. Taylor]] *[[Richard F. Heck]] *[[Richard Henderson (biologist)]] *[[Richard J. Roberts]] *[[Richard Kuhn]] *[[Richard Laurence Millington Synge]] *[[Richard R. Ernst]] *[[Richard R. Schrock]] *[[Richard Smalley]] *[[Richard Stone]] *[[Richard Thaler]] *[[Richard Willstätter]] *[[Rigoberta Menchú]] *[[Rita Levi-Montalcini]] *[[Roald Hoffmann]] *[[Robert Andrews Millikan]] *[[Robert Aumann]] *[[Robert B. Laughlin]] *[[Robert B. Wilson]] *[[Robert Bárány]] *[[Robert Bruce Merrifield]] *[[Robert Burns Woodward]] *[[Robert C. Merton]] *[[Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood]] *[[Robert Coleman Richardson]] *[[Robert Curl]] *[[Robert Edwards (physiologist)]] *[[Robert F. Engle]] *[[Robert F. Furchgott]] *[[Robert H. Grubbs]] *[[Robert Hofstadter]] *[[Robert Huber]] *[[Robert J. Shiller]] *[[Robert Koch]] *[[Robert Lefkowitz]] *[[Robert Lucas Jr.]] *[[Robert Mundell]] *[[Robert Robinson (chemist)]] *[[Robert S. Mulliken]] *[[Robert Solow]] *[[Robert W. Holley]] *[[Robert Woodrow Wilson]] *[[Robin Warren]] *[[Roderick MacKinnon]] *[[Rodney Porter]] *[[Roger D. Kornberg]] *[[Roger Guillemin]] *[[Roger Martin du Gard]] *[[Roger Myerson]] *[[Roger Penrose]] *[[Roger Wolcott Sperry]] *[[Roger Y. Tsien]] *[[Rolf M. Zinkernagel]] *[[Romain Rolland]] *[[Ronald Coase]] *[[Ronald George Wreyford Norrish]] *[[Ronald Ross]] *[[Rosalyn Sussman Yalow]] *[[Rudolf Christoph Eucken]] *[[Rudolf Mössbauer]] *[[Rudolph A. Marcus]] *[[Rudyard Kipling]] *[[Russell Alan Hulse]] *[[Ryōji Noyori]] *[[Saint-John Perse]] *[[Salvador Luria]] *[[Salvatore Quasimodo]] *[[Samuel C. C. Ting]] *[[Santiago Ramón y Cajal]] *[[Satoshi Ōmura]] *[[Saul Bellow]] *[[Saul Perlmutter]] *[[Seamus Heaney]] *[[Seán MacBride]] *[[Selma Lagerlöf]] *[[Selman Waksman]] *[[Serge Haroche]] *[[Severo Ochoa]] *[[Sheldon Glashow]] *[[Shimon Peres]] *[[Shin'ichirō Tomonaga]] *[[Shinya Yamanaka]] *[[Shirin Ebadi]] *[[Shmuel Yosef Agnon]] *[[Shuji Nakamura]] *[[Sidney Altman]] *[[Sigrid Undset]] *[[Simon Kuznets]] *[[Simon van der Meer]] *[[Sinclair Lewis]] *[[Stanford Moore]] *[[Stanley B. Prusiner]] *[[Stanley Cohen (biochemist)]] *[[Stefan Hell]] *[[Steven Chu]] *[[Steven Weinberg]] *[[Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]] *[[Sully Prudhomme]] *[[Sune Bergström]] *[[Susumu Tonegawa]] *[[Svante Arrhenius]] *[[Svante Pääbo]] *[[Svetlana Alexievich]] *[[Sydney Brenner]] *[[Syukuro Manabe]] *[[T. S. Eliot]] *[[Tadeusz Reichstein]] *[[Takaaki Kajita]] *[[Tasuku Honjo]] *[[Tawakkol Karman]] *[[Theodor Mommsen]] *[[Theodor Svedberg]] *[[Theodor W. Hänsch]] *[[Theodore Roosevelt]] *[[Theodore Schultz]] *[[Theodore William Richards]] *[[Thomas A. Steitz]] *[[Thomas C. Südhof]] *[[Thomas Cech]] *[[Thomas Huckle Weller]] *[[Thomas Hunt Morgan]] *[[Thomas J. Sargent]] *[[Thomas Mann]] *[[Thomas Schelling]] *[[Tim Hunt]] *[[Tjalling Koopmans]] *[[Tobias Asser]] *[[Tomas Lindahl]] *[[Tomas Tranströmer]] *[[Toni Morrison]] *[[Torsten Wiesel]] *[[Toshihide Maskawa]] *[[Trygve Haavelmo]] *[[Tsung-Dao Lee]] *[[Tu Youyou]] *[[Ulf von Euler]] *[[V. S. Naipaul]] *[[Val Logsdon Fitch]] *[[Venki Ramakrishnan]] *[[Verner von Heidenstam]] *[[Vernon L. Smith]] *[[Vicente Aleixandre]] *[[Victor Francis Hess]] *[[Victor Grignard]] *[[Vincent du Vigneaud]] *[[Vitaly Ginzburg]] *[[Vladimir Prelog]] *[[W. Arthur Lewis]] *[[W. B. Yeats]] *[[Walter Gilbert]] *[[Walter Houser Brattain]] *[[Walter Kohn]] *[[Walter Rudolf Hess]] *[[Walther Bothe]] *[[Walther Nernst]] *[[Wangarĩ Maathai]] *[[Wassily Leontief]] *[[Wendell Meredith Stanley]] *[[Werner Arber]] *[[Werner Forssmann]] *[[Werner Heisenberg]] *[[Wilhelm Ostwald]] *[[Wilhelm Röntgen]] *[[Wilhelm Wien]] *[[Willard Boyle]] *[[Willard Libby]] *[[Willem Einthoven]] *[[William Alfred Fowler]] *[[William C. Campbell (scientist)]] *[[William Daniel Phillips]] *[[William E. Moerner]] *[[William F. Sharpe]] *[[William Faulkner]] *[[William Giauque]] *[[William Golding]] *[[William Henry Bragg]] *[[William Howard Stein]] *[[William Kaelin Jr.]] *[[William Lipscomb]] *[[William Nordhaus]] *[[William P. Murphy]] *[[William Ramsay]] *[[William Shockley]] *[[William Standish Knowles]] *[[William Vickrey]] *[[Willis Lamb]] *[[Willy Brandt]] *[[Winston Churchill]] *[[Wisława Szymborska]] *[[Władysław Reymont]] *[[Wole Soyinka]] *[[Wolfgang Ketterle]] *[[Wolfgang Paul]] *[[Wolfgang Pauli]] *[[Woodrow Wilson]] *[[World Food Programme]] *[[Yang Chen-Ning]] *[[Yasser Arafat]] *[[Yasunari Kawabata]] *[[Yitzhak Rabin]] *[[Yoichiro Nambu]] *[[Yoshinori Ohsumi]] *[[Yuan T. Lee]] *[[Yves Chauvin]] *[[Zhores Alferov]] ==== Nob prize - companies - do this at the end once Nob prize for people have been done ==== * International Atomic Energy Agency * United Nations * United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees * Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons * International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War * October 1950 * February 23 * 14th Dalai Lama * American Friends Service Committee * Amnesty International * Anatole France * Center for Civil Liberties (human rights organization) * Institut de Droit International * International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons * International Campaign to Ban Landmines * International Committee of the Red Cross * International Peace Bureau * List of awards and honors received by Katalin Karikó * List of Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania alumni * List of University of Pennsylvania people * Memorial (society) * Nansen International Office for Refugees * Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs * Quaker Peace and Social Witness * Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet * UNICEF * United Nations peacekeeping * Bulleted list item https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1I30db4zrRU7IJGGQg4DwidGs9N_xzC2Z5D_AmUQ5MSA/edit?gid=0#gid=0 ==== AI slop ==== [[:Category:Marvel Cinematic Universe characters]] ==== Simple Talk ==== [[Wikipedia:Simple_talk#Deprecating_Template:Nobelprize_proposal]] -<br> {{countdown |year = 2025 |month = 6 |day = 12 |hour = 21 |minute = 30 |second = 0 |event = |duration = 21 |eventstart = unknown has started |eventend = unknown has ended }} === Schools === Populate [[:Category:Lists of schools in South East England]] ([[:en:Category:Lists of schools in South East England|en]]) - create school articles Populate [[:Category:Lists of schools in England]] ([[:en:Category:Lists of schools in England|en]]) - create school articles Update all navboxes at [[:Category:Lists of schools in South East England]] - . –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 20:03, 25 January 2025 (UTC) Create lists at [[Lists of schools in the United Kingdom]] –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 21:37, 1 February 2025 (UTC) === Spam websites and spam IPs Docs === * List of spam websites - https://docs.google.com/document/d/1yK76Bdxk-6UfOvW5nlI8Q-1Gp4zTDfQrhAUbUhGo9Es/edit?usp=sharing * List of spam IPs - https://docs.google.com/document/d/1BOWjb47gtZimC5FeohxSZnZAILgnez3cRV_rvCBelUc/edit?tab=t.0 === IPs Vandals Doc === IPs Vandals Doc - https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iWGGy1CtMGO_opYgjvqgfI-ptXYt_xkAHBjlkrckCb4/edit –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 10:58, 4 June 2024 (UTC) === Check IP edits === Check IP edits *[[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:9F83:1800::/64]] *[[Special:Contributions/86.14.78.245]] –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 21:03, 31 July 2024 (UTC) === WPCleaner notes === ==== Wikimedia dumps ==== Users appear to add dump logs from whereever to WPCleaner - check check.wi last update. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 15:08, 24 April 2025 (UTC) ===Category:Accessibility issue tracking categories=== [[:Category:Accessibility issue tracking categories]] === Special:LintErrors/bogus-image-options === [[Special:LintErrors/bogus-image-options]] –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 14:53, 7 April 2025 (UTC) :https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:LintErrors/obsolete-tag?wpNamespaceRestrictions=0&titlecategorysearch=&exactmatch=1&tag=center&template=all –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 17:39, 25 April 2025 (UTC) === Bus cat === ==== ADL ==== * [[:Category:Alexander Dennis buses]] {{done}} 17 March 2025 –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 12:32, 17 March 2025 (UTC) ==== Dennis ==== * [[:Category:Dennis buses]] {{not done}} :: [[Dennis Specialist Vehicles]] :: [[Dennis Dominator]] :: [[Dennis Domino]] :: [[Dennis Dorchester]] :: [[Dennis Dragon]] :: [[Dennis Falcon]] :: [[Dennis Jubilant]] :: [[Dennis Lance]] :: [[Dennis Loline]] ::^ needs creating ==== East Lancs ==== * [[:Category:East Lancs buses]] {{done}} 17 March 2025 ==== Merc ==== * [[:Category:Mercedes-Benz buses]] {{not done}} ::[[Mercedes-Benz Cito]] ::[[Mercedes-Benz L 319]] ::[[Mercedes-Benz Tourrider]] ::[[Mercedes-Benz O302]] ::[[Mercedes-Benz O303]] ::[[Mercedes-Benz O305]] ::[[Mercedes-Benz O370]] ::[[Mercedes-Benz O371]] ::[[Mercedes-Benz O404]] ::[[Mercedes-Benz OC 500 LE]] ::[[Mercedes-Benz Tourismo]] ::[[Mercedes-Benz Viano]] ::[[Mercedes-Benz Vito]] ::^ needs creating ==== Plaxton ==== * [[:Category:Plaxton buses]] {{not done}} ::[[Plaxton Paramount]] ::[[Viewmaster]] ::^ needs creating ==== Renault ==== * [[:Category:Renault buses]] {{notdone}} 17 March 2025 ::[[Renault Trucks]] ::[[Irisbus Agora]] - update ::[[Renault FR1]] - update ::[[Renault PR100.3]] ::[[Renault PR180]] ::[[Renault PR100]] ::[[Renault R212]] ::[[Renault R312]] ::[[Renault Tracer]] - update ==== Optare / Switch ==== * [[:Category:Switch Mobility buses]] {{done}} 17 March 2025 ==== VDL ==== * [[:Category:VDL buses]] {{done}} 17 March 2025 ==== Volvo ==== * [[:Category:Volvo buses]] {{div col|colwidth=10em}} *[[:Volvo 7700]] *[[:Volvo 7900]] *[[:Volvo 8500]] *[[:Volvo 8700]] *[[:Volvo 8900]] *[[:Volvo 9600]] *[[:Volvo 9700]] *[[:Volvo 9900]] *[[:Volvo Ailsa B55]] *[[:Alexander Ultra]] *[[:Volvo B5LH]] *[[:Volvo B5RLEH]] *[[:Volvo B5TL]] *[[:Volvo B6]] *[[:Volvo B6BLE]] *[[:Volvo B6F]] *[[:Volvo B6M]] *[[:Volvo B7]] *[[:Volvo B7F]] *[[:Volvo B7L]] *[[:Volvo B7R]] *[[:Volvo B7RLE]] *[[:Volvo B7TL]] *[[:Volvo B8L]] *[[:Volvo B8R]] *[[:Volvo B8RLE]] *[[:Volvo B9L]] *[[:Volvo B9R]] *[[:Volvo B9RLE]] *[[:Volvo B9S]] *[[:Volvo B9TL]] *[[:Volvo B10]] *[[:Volvo B10 (disambiguation)]] *[[:Volvo B10B]] *[[:Volvo B10BLE]] *[[:Volvo B10C]] *[[:Volvo B10L]] *[[:Volvo B10M]] *[[:Volvo B10R]] *[[:Volvo B11R]] *[[:Volvo B12]] *[[:Volvo B12B]] *[[:Volvo B12BLE]] *[[:Volvo B12M]] *[[:Volvo B13R]] *[[:Volvo B54]] *[[:Volvo B57]] *[[:Volvo B58]] *[[:Volvo B59]] *[[:Volvo BZL]] *[[:Volvo BZR]] *[[:Volvo C10M]] *[[:Volvo Gran Artic 300]] *[[:Volvo I-Shift]] *[[:Millennium Luxury Coaches]] *[[:Nova Bus]] *[[:Volvo Olympian]] *[[:Prevost (bus manufacturer)]] *[[:Volvo Super Olympian]] *[[:Template:Volvo Buses]] {{div col end}} ==== Wrightbus ==== * [[:Category:Wrightbus buses]] {{partly done|All models there - ENL Contour moved to Contour (body) as new model being launched 2026}} 17 March 2025 ===== IMPORTANT NOTE ===== make sure all buses have chassis, manufacturer, single-decked, step/low-floor entrance all linked/ –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 16:34, 6 February 2025 (UTC) ftfe9rvy6qtvn1jye3u0kzjv53k7ws6 0 1185763 10367717 10308911 2025-07-02T13:52:57Z Victor Ningthemcha 1603674 10367717 wikitext text/x-wiki '''King Khagemba''' (ruled 1597–1654) was a ruler of the kingdom of [[Ningthouja dynasty|Kangleipak]], now known as [[Manipur]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Chelliah|first=Shobhana L.|date=2005|title=Asserting Nationhood through Personal Name Choice: The Case of the Meithei of Northeast India|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25132326|journal=Anthropological Linguistics|volume=47|issue=2|pages=169–216|issn=0003-5483}}</ref> He was called "Khagemba," which means "the conqueror of the Chinese." He got this name after defeating Chinese soldiers who came from the north.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Vol. 72, 2011 of Proceedings of the Indian History Congress on JSTOR|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/i40173374|access-date=2025-05-03|website=www.jstor.org|language=en}}</ref> == Achievements == King Khagemba made many changes in Manipur. He brought new clothing styles and a new way of playing [[polo]]. He also built many markets, including the [[Ima Market]], which still exists today. During his rule, Chinese workers helped build bridges and walls. These workers were prisoners of war from China. They taught the people of Manipur how to make bricks. These bricks were used to build the [[Kangla Gate]] and other places. Manipur also started using coins more widely during his rule. He allowed [[Muslims]] to settle in the kingdom and made good relationships with the [[Mughal Empire]].<ref name=":1" /> == Military Conflicts == === Fight with the Mughals === In 1606, the Mughals, led by [[Shah Jahan]], tried to attack Manipur. Prince [[Sanongba]], the younger brother of King Khagemba (also called Ningthou Hanba), joined the Mughals because he wanted to become king. But the Mughals and Sanongba were defeated and captured in Cachar. King Khagemba brought many Mughal prisoners to Manipur.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books/about/The_Court_Chronicle_of_the_Kings_of_Mani.html?id=2EUUngEACAAJ&redir_esc=y|title=The Court Chronicle of the Kings of Manipur: 33-1763 CE|last=Parratt|first=Saroj Nalini|date=2005|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-34430-2|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Cultural Fusion in a Religious Dance Drama: Building the Sacred Body in the Manipuri Rāslīlās - ProQuest|url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/5fe0ee9e9a1efb1fa8a113030c692b9d/1?cbl=18750&diss=y&pq-origsite=gscholar|access-date=2025-05-03|website=www.proquest.com|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.465036|title=Ningthourol Lambuba Part. 1|last=Bhogeshwar Singh|first=Oinam Tr|date=1969}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-16|title=HistoryFacts : Khagemba- conqueror of the Chinese|url=https://pparihar.com/2021/09/16/historyfacts-khagemba-conqueror-of-the-chinese/|access-date=2025-05-03|website=HINDUISM AND SANATAN DHARMA|language=en}}</ref> === War with the Chinese === In 1631, the Chinese emperor Chongzhen of the [[Ming Dynasty]] sent his army south after taking over parts of Myanmar. They moved toward Manipur, but King Khagemba defeated them. The Chinese emperor ran back to [[Yunnan]]. King Khagemba brought many Chinese prisoners to Manipur. He used their skills to build things like the arched bridge over the [[Nambul River]] and the gate at the royal palace. The Chinese taught the people how to make bricks. These bricks were small and not fully baked. The Manipuri language also borrowed the Chinese word for "brick."<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> === War with Burma === In 1649, [[Burma]] invaded Manipur, but King Khagemba quickly stopped the attack.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://mulibrary.manipuruniv.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=43522&shelfbrowse_itemnumber=66916|title=Studies in the History of Manipur (1508-1709)|last=Rajendra|first=Moirangthem|date=2000|publisher=Smt.Moirangthem ongbi Ibecha|location=Imphal}}</ref> === War with Tripura === King Khagemba also fought with the [[Tripura (princely state)|Tripura kingdom]] in 1603 and 1634. In the 1634 war, his army captured 200 people from Tripura.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466438|title=A Short History Of Manipur|last=Singh|first=R. k Jhaljit}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:History of Manipur]] [[Category:16th-century births]] 8xwt3jtbvv2v79jlkjs3qgf6vjneala 0 1185844 10368851 10323878 2025-07-03T03:23:51Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wikify|date=May 2025}} '''Rhyncholaeliocattleya Dinh Thuy Yen''' <small>[[Jones & Scully]], 1974</small> is a hybrid orchid of the family [[Orchidaceae]], registered by the [[Royal Horticultural Society]] in 1974 to honor the Vietnamese philanthropist [[Thuy Yen Dinh]].<ref name="OrchidRoots">{{cite web |url=https://orchidroots.com/detail/information/?pid=100032444 |title=OrchidRoots - Rlc. Dinh Thuy Yen |access-date=3 May 2025}}</ref> The creation of this orchid contributed to the international visibility of Vietnam and helped stimulate tourism in the region. == Name origin == The hybrid was dedicated to [[Thuy Yen Dinh]] (1934–2004), a prominent figure in the political and philanthropic history of [[South Vietnam]]. Born in [[Rạch Giá]] into a noble family, she was among the first women in the world to hold high political office. She served as a member of the [[National Assembly of South Vietnam]] from 1959 to 1963. She was also a benefactor of public infrastructure projects, including the Vì Dân Hospital (now [[Thong Nhat Hospital]]) and the Ngô Sĩ Liên School in Sơn Hòa, which she funded personally. Revered by the people, she remains a respected figure among the Vietnamese diaspora, also known as "Tư Nết" and by her French name "Annette" [[Tran Thien]]. == Taxonomy == * '''Current RHS name''': ''Rhyncholaeliocattleya Dinh Thuy Yen''<ref name="RHS">{{cite web |url=https://apps.rhs.org.uk/horticulturaldatabase/orchidregister/orchiddetails.asp |title=RHS Details - Rhyncholaeliocattleya Dinh Thuy Yen |access-date=3 May 2025}}</ref> * '''Registered name''': ''Brassolaeliocattleya Dinh Thuy Yen'' (RHS 1974)<ref name="IOSPE">{{cite web |title=Phalaenopsis sanderiana |work=Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia |url=http://www.orchidspecies.com/phalsanderiae.htm |access-date=31 July 2014}}</ref> * '''Registrant and hybridizer''': Jones & Scully * '''Year of registration''': 1974 * '''Genus''': ''Rhyncholaeliocattleya'' * '''Grex''': Dinh Thuy Yen == Genetic ancestry == * '''Seed parentage''': ** ''Cattleya Derna'' ** ''Cattleya Luminosa'' (1901) * '''Pollen parentage''': ** ''Rhyncholaeliocattleya Jewel Higdon'' ** ''Rhyncholaeliocattleya Mellowglow'' == Genetic composition == The following genetic breakdown lists the principal ancestral species by estimated percentage: * ''Cattleya dowiana'' – 49.22% (subgenus Cattleya, section Cattleya) * ''Cattleya tenebrosa'' – 15.63% (subgenus Crispae, section Crispae, series Cattleyodes) * ''Cattleya bicolor'' – 5.86% (subgenus Intermediae) * ''Rhyncholaelia digbyana'' – 5.47% * ''Cattleya cinnabarina'' – 4.30% * ''Cattleya wallisii'' – 3.91% * ''Cattleya mossiae'' – 3.13% * ''Cattleya xanthina'' – 1.95% * ''Cattleya warscewiczii'' – 1.95% * ''Cattleya schroederae'' – 1.56% * ''Cattleya dowiana var. aurea'' – 1.56% * ''Cattleya harpophylla'' – 0.78% * ''Cattleya intermedia'' – 0.78% * ''Cattleya crispata'' – 0.78% == Botanical description == ''Rhyncholaeliocattleya Dinh Thuy Yen'' is a medium-sized hybrid orchid known for its showy, fragrant, and long-lasting flowers. The blossoms, typically 6 to 8&nbsp;cm in diameter, display vibrant hues ranging from pink to orange, with a richly colored, ruffled labellum. Blooming generally occurs in summer or autumn. == Cultivation == * '''Light''': Bright but filtered light; best suited to well-lit greenhouses. * '''Temperature''': Warm-temperate; 15&nbsp;°C (night) to 25&nbsp;°C (day). * '''Medium''': Coarse pine bark, perlite, charcoal. * '''Watering''': Regular during active growth; reduced during dormancy. * '''Fertilization''': Balanced fertilizer every two weeks during growing season. == Medicinal use == Since [[antiquity]], the roots of some orchids have been cooked, dried, and ground to make ''[[salep]]'', a starchy, protein-rich flour believed to have medicinal properties.<ref name="Suozzi">{{cite book |last=Suozzi |first=Roberto Michele |title=Le piante medicinali |publisher=Newton & Compton |location=Rome |year=1994 |page=60}}</ref> In traditional medicine, the "Lady’s Slipper" (''[[Cypripedium calceolus]]'') was believed to have antispasmodic properties.<ref name="Suozzi"/> However, modern studies indicate that true therapeutic effects of the ''Orchidaceae'' family are limited or nonexistent. Additionally, due to their endangered status, international regulations strictly prohibit the collection of wild orchids. == References == {{reflist}} == Bibliography == * Suozzi, Roberto Michele. ''Le piante medicinali''. Newton & Compton, Rome, 1994. p.&nbsp;60. == Other websites == * ''Plants of the World Online''. "Phalaenopsis sanderiana". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:650590-1] * ''Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia''. "Phalaenopsis sanderiana". [http://www.orchidspecies.com/phalsanderiae.htm] * [https://orchidroots.com/detail/information/?pid=100032444 OrchidRoots - Rlc. Dinh Thuy Yen] * [https://apps.rhs.org.uk/horticulturaldatabase/orchidregister/orchiddetails.asp RHS Details - Rhyncholaeliocattleya Dinh Thuy Yen] [[Category:Orchids]] j60x7rbiroi3g6mjftylt25sj85auka 0 1185846 10368429 10298152 2025-07-02T23:01:09Z Ferien 1011873 Nominated for deletion; see [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thong Nhat Hospital]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368429 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|Appears to fail [[:w:en:WP:NHOSPITAL]].}} {{Infobox hospital | Name = Thong Nhat Hospital | Org/Group = Ministry of Health (Vietnam) | Image = Bệnh viện Thống Nhất.jpg | Location = 1 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Ward 7, Tan Binh District | Region = Ho Chi Minh City | Country = Vietnam | healthcare = Private | type = Teaching, Specialist | Beds = 1,132 (2021) | former-names = Vi Dan Hospital | Website = https://bvtn.org.vn }} '''Thong Nhat Hospital''' (Vietnamese: ''Bệnh viện Thống Nhất'') is a Grade I general hospital under the jurisdiction of the [[Ministry of Health (Vietnam)]], located at 1 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Ward 7, [[Tan Binh District]], [[Ho Chi Minh City]]. It was originally known as ''Vi Dan Hospital (Bệnh viện Vì Dân)'' before 1975. == History == [[File:Bệnh viện Thống Nhất trước năm 1975.jpg|thumb|Thong Nhat Hospital in 1971|left]] Established shortly after the [[Fall of Saigon]], the hospital was built on the former Vì Dân Hospital of the [[Republic of Vietnam]]. On 1 November 1975, it received and treated its first patient, operating under the name "Thong Nhat Military Medical Hospital", managed by the [[Ministry of National Defense (Vietnam)]].<ref>Decision No. 08-TTg/CP dated 01/11/1975 by Deputy Prime Minister Pham Hung.</ref> Colonel Prof. Nguyen Thien Thanh served as the first Director, with Colonel Nguyen Viet Hong as Political Commissar. [[File:Bệnh viện Thống Nhất trước năm 1975 nhìn từ trên cao.jpg|thumb|Arial view of the hospital before 1975|left]] On 25 March 1978, the hospital was transferred to the [[Ministry of Health (Vietnam)]],<ref>Decision No. 45-TTg/CP dated 25/03/1978 by Deputy PM Pham Hung</ref><ref>Decision No. 553/QĐ-BYT dated 11/05/1978 by Minister Vu Van Can</ref> with a capacity of 400 beds and a structure of 16 clinical departments and 7 paraclinical units. On 22 March 2015, the hospital inaugurated the new high-tech treatment wing as part of the first phase of a major expansion project.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://moh.gov.vn/hoat-dong-cua-lanh-dao-bo/-/asset_publisher/TW6LTp1ZtwaN/content/le-tong-ket-du-an-giai-oan-i-va-khanh-thanh-khu-nha-c5-cua-benh-vien-thong-nhat |title=Phase I Project Summary and Inauguration of C5 Building |website=Ministry of Health}}</ref> [[File:Bệnh viện Thống Nhất.jpg|thumb|219x219px|Thong Nhat Hospital today|left]] Today, the hospital serves high-ranking officials and the public, supporting 5–7 major national events per year and treating approximately 100 central-level officials regularly. It also acts as a training center for students from 16 medical institutions. == Capacity == Initially planned for 400 beds, Thong Nhat Hospital has grown to over 1,132 inpatient beds, with a goal of reaching 1,350 by 2025,<ref>Decision No. 4600/QĐ-BYT dated 29/09/2021 by Deputy Minister Nguyen Truong Son.</ref> making it a leading multidisciplinary hospital with specialties in geriatrics and cardiovascular care. == Departments == === Administrative Units === * Central Health Protection Unit 2B * IT Department * Training Center * Nursing Office * Planning Office * Quality and Social Work * Finance and Accounting * Human Resources * Equipment Management * Logistics === Clinical Departments === * Emergency * High-Level Officials Department * ICU - Toxicology * Outpatient Clinics (Insurance / Private) * Internal Medicine (Cardiology, Endocrinology, Neurology, Nephrology, Respiratory, Gastroenterology, Rheumatology) * Oncology * Traditional Medicine * Rehabilitation * Nutrition * Maxillofacial Surgery * General Surgery * Neurosurgery * Urology * Cardiovascular Surgery * ENT * Ophthalmology * Immunization Center === Paraclinical Units === * Imaging * Pharmacy * Pathology * Biochemistry * Hematology * Microbiology * Endoscopy and Functional Exploration * Infection Control == Achievements == * Hero of Labor in the Renewal Period (2005)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nhandan.vn/tin-tuc-su-kien/benh-vien-thong-nhat-tp-ho-chi-minh-don-nhan-danh-hieu-anh-hung-424133/ |title=Thong Nhat Hospital receives Labor Hero title |website=Nhan Dan}}</ref> * Second-Class Military Exploit Order (1980) * First-Class Labor Order (1998) * Second- and Third-Class Independence Orders (2013, 2003) * Moha Sena Medal of Friendship – Cambodia (2020) * Third-Class Freedom Order – Laos (2015) * Prime Minister's Emulation Flag and Commendations * Ministry of Health and Ho Chi Minh City People's Committee Awards * Two staff awarded Hero of Labor; six People's Physicians; 44 Meritorious Physicians; and many other individual recognitions. === Current Board of Directors === * '''Director''': People's Physician, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Le Dinh Thanh.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://moh.gov.vn/hoat-dong-cua-lanh-dao-bo/-/asset_publisher/TW6LTp1ZtwaN/content/bo-y-te-bo-nhiem-giam-oc-benh-vien-thong-nhat?inheritRedirect=false |title=Ministry of Health Appoints Director of Thong Nhat Hospital |date=2019-08-28 |website=Ministry of Health}}</ref> * '''Deputy Directors''': ** Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ho Thuong Dung ** People's Physician, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Do Kim Que<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bvtn.org.vn/tin-tuc-va-hoat-dong/trao-quyet-dinh-bo-nhiem-pho-giam-doc-benh-vien-thong-nhat/2021032610135362 |title=Do Kim Que - Pioneer in Cardiothoracic Surgery at Thong Nhat Hospital |website=Thong Nhat Hospital}}</ref> ** Assoc. Prof. Dr. Vo Thanh Toan<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bvtn.org.vn/tin-tuc-va-hoat-dong/trao-quyet-dinh-bo-nhiem-pho-giam-doc-benh-vien-thong-nhat/2021032610135362 |title=Appointment of New Deputy Director |website=Thong Nhat Hospital}}</ref> ** MSc. Nguyen Quang Vinh<ref>Decision No. 68/QĐ-BYT dated 09 November 2024 by the Minister of Health.</ref> === Former Directors === * Prof. Dr. Sci., Hero of Labor, People's Physician Nguyen Thien Thanh (May 1978 – Dec 1988) * Meritorious Physician Pham Doan Duyen (Jan 1989 – Feb 1997) * Prof. Dr. Sci., Hero of Labor, People's Physician Nguyen Manh Phan (Mar 1997 – Mar 2008) * Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sci., People's Physician Tran Chi Liem (Apr 2008 – Aug 2008) * Prof. Dr. Sci., People's Physician Nguyen Duc Cong (Sep 2008 – Aug 2019) ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == * [http://bvtn.org.vn/ Official website] * [https://www.facebook.com/BenhvienThongNhatTPHCM Official Facebook page] * [https://bvtn.edu.vn/ Training and Research Center] [[Category:Hospitals]] [[Category:Vietnam]] r7w6zuq18kwc267r45kr94g7a3rhc18 3 1186600 10368615 10359147 2025-07-03T01:03:21Z Fr33kman 15149 Notification: listing at [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] of [[Trendupp Awards]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368615 wikitext text/x-wiki ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Arigo Technologies== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Arigo Technologies]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Arigo Technologies]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 18:42, 13 June 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of African Illustrious Award== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:African Illustrious Award]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/African Illustrious Award]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 18:48, 13 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Love For Health Organisation== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Love For Health Organisation]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Love For Health Organisation}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 10:52, 28 June 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Trendupp Awards== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Trendupp Awards]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trendupp Awards]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:03, 3 July 2025 (UTC) 53f89scyztinjiubtvlx8kb2bqvg6z1 10368621 10368615 2025-07-03T01:05:13Z Fr33kman 15149 Notification: listing at [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] of [[Nigerian Humanitarian Awards and Magazine]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368621 wikitext text/x-wiki ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Arigo Technologies== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Arigo Technologies]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Arigo Technologies]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 18:42, 13 June 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of African Illustrious Award== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:African Illustrious Award]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/African Illustrious Award]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 18:48, 13 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Love For Health Organisation== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Love For Health Organisation]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Love For Health Organisation}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 10:52, 28 June 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Trendupp Awards== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Trendupp Awards]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trendupp Awards]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:03, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Nigerian Humanitarian Awards and Magazine== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Nigerian Humanitarian Awards and Magazine]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nigerian Humanitarian Awards and Magazine]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:05, 3 July 2025 (UTC) te2e2p9nmuqwcuxmjaqcpf6u8eaejxc 1 1186689 10369195 10241002 2025-07-03T08:19:43Z Cactusisme 1477024 tag 10369195 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Talk header}} {{translated page|en|Mia Love|version=1288288045|insertversion=}} {{Good article, large |oldid=10327525 |date=3 July 2025 |link=Special:Diff/10369184 }} 6igwqckyh91dw7a4syk3qhajafk882p 10369196 10369195 2025-07-03T08:19:54Z Cactusisme 1477024 10369196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Talk header}} {{Good article, large |oldid=10327525 |date=3 July 2025 |link=Special:Diff/10369184 }} {{translated page|en|Mia Love|version=1288288045|insertversion=}} eeljh59b9rclm6by28kwtbe574cc48w 0 1187819 10368523 10284877 2025-07-03T00:01:32Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C US-EN and years 10368523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} {{Infobox television | image = The Last of Us logo.svg | caption = | genre = {{ubl|[[Post-apocalyptic]]|[[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]|[[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]]}} | based_on = {{Based on|''[[The Last of Us (franchise)|The Last of Us]]''|[[Naughty Dog]]}} | creator = {{ubl|[[Craig Mazin]]|[[Neil Druckmann]]}} | showrunner = {{ubl|Craig Mazin|Neil Druckmann}} | writer = {{ubl|Craig Mazin|Neil Druckmann|[[Halley Gross]]}} | starring = {{ubl|[[Pedro Pascal]]|[[Bella Ramsey]]|[[Gabriel Luna]]|[[Isabela Merced]]|[[Young Mazino]]}} | theme_music_composer = [[Gustavo Santaolalla]] | composer = {{ubl|Gustavo Santaolalla|[[David Fleming (composer)|David Fleming]]}} | country = United States | language = English | num_seasons = 2 <!-- Do not add a value until a new season has premiered---> | num_episodes = 16 <!-- Do not add a value until a new episode has aired --> | list_episodes = <!-- Should only be used when a separate "List of The Last of Us episodes" article exists --> | executive_producer = {{ubl|Craig Mazin|Neil Druckmann|[[Carolyn Strauss]]|Rose Lam|[[Evan Wells]]|Carter Swan|Asad Qizilbash|Jacqueline Lesko|Cecil O'Connor}} | producer = {{ubl|Greg Spence|Cecil O'Connor|Allen Marshall Palmer|Julie Herrin}} | editor = {{ubl|Timothy A. Good|Mark Hartzell|Emily Mendez|Cindy Mollo|Simon Smith}} | location = Canada | cinematography = {{ubl|Ksenia Sereda|Eben Bolter|Christine A. Maier|Nadim Carlsen|Catherine Goldschmidt}} | runtime = 43–81 minutes | company = {{idp| * The Mighty Mint * Word Games * [[PlayStation Productions]] * Naughty Dog * [[Sony Pictures Television Studios]] }} | network = [[HBO]] | first_aired = {{Start date|2023|01|15}} | last_aired = present }} '''''The Last of Us''''' is an American [[post-apocalyptic]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] television series created by [[Craig Mazin]] and [[Neil Druckmann]] for [[HBO]]. It is based on [[The Last of Us|the video game series]] created by [[Naughty Dog]].<ref name="GamesRadar Clickers">{{cite web |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/the-last-of-us-quietly-retains-two-surprisingly-influential-actors-from-the-first-game/ |title=The Last of Us quietly retains two surprisingly influential actors from the first game |last=Cryer |first=Hirun |work=[[GamesRadar+]] |publisher=[[Future plc]] |date=January 17, 2023 |accessdate=April 17, 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119055337/https://www.gamesradar.com/the-last-of-us-quietly-retains-two-surprisingly-influential-actors-from-the-first-game/ |archivedate=January 19, 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> The series is set twenty years into a [[pandemic]] caused by a mass [[fungal infection]], which causes its hosts to transform into [[zombie]]-like creatures and causes an [[apocalypse]].<ref name="CBC Wrap">{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/the-last-of-us-pedro-pascal-luke-azevedo-hbo-calgary-1.6479001 |title=Horrific mutants vacate Alberta streets as HBO's The Last of Us set to wrap production |last=Dryden |first=Joel |publisher=[[CBC News]] |date=June 8, 2022 |accessdate=June 9, 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608235940/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/the-last-of-us-pedro-pascal-luke-azevedo-hbo-calgary-1.6479001 |archivedate=June 8, 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> The series has received positive reviews from critics and audiences.<ref name="MC S1">{{Cite Metacritic |id=the-last-of-us |title=The Last of Us |type=tv |season=1 |accessdate=September 23, 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922210608/https://www.metacritic.com/tv/the-last-of-us/season-1/ |archivedate=September 22, 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="RT S1">{{Cite Rotten Tomatoes |id=the_last_of_us |title=The Last of Us |type=tv |season=1 |accessdate=April 20, 2025 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250420105049/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/the_last_of_us/s01 |archivedate=April 20, 2025 }}</ref><ref name="AV Club Review 7">{{cite web |url=https://www.avclub.com/the-last-of-us-review-season-1-episode-7-1850154891 |title=In a bittersweet The Last Of Us, Ellie gets a fleeting taste of normal teen life |last=Cote |first=David |work=[[The A.V. Club]] |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |date=February 26, 2023 |accessdate=February 28, 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227063918/https://www.avclub.com/the-last-of-us-review-season-1-episode-7-1850154891 |archivedate=February 27, 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{TV-stub}} [[Category:2020s American drama television series]] [[Category:2023 American television series debuts]] [[Category:American drama television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:HBO television series]] r5eqz8qgfa5zbl81ecnbu22dgy5dib8 0 1188147 10368827 10323833 2025-07-03T03:14:41Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox school | name = Montgomery High School | logo = | image = File:Montgomery High School's office building (1).jpg | motto = "We Are Aztecs” | address = 3250 Palm Avenue | city = [[San Diego, California]] | state = California | zipcode = 92154 | country = United States | coordinates = {{Coord|32|35|05.47|N|117|03|52.03|W|display=inline,title}} | type = [[Public education|Public]] | established = 1970 | district = [[Sweetwater Union High School District]] | superintendent = Moisés G. Aguirre | principal = Louie Zumstein | teaching_staff = 96.62 {{FTE}}<ref name=NCES/> | grades = [[Secondary education in the United States#High school|9-12]] | enrollment = 2,324 (2023–2024)<ref name=NCES>{{cite web|url=https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/school_detail.asp?Search=1&ID=063864011768|title=Montgomery High|publisher=National Center for Education Statistics|accessdate=April 4, 2025}}</ref> | ratio = 24.05<ref name=NCES/> | campus = [[Suburban]] | student_union_label = ASB | colors = {{color box|white}} White {{color box|blue}} Blue {{color box|red}} Red | fight_song = SDSU fight song | athletics = | athletics_conference = Metropolitan - Mesa League | mascot = Monty the Aztec | nickname = Aztecs | accreditation = | newspaper = La Voz Azteca (Spanish), Moctezuma (English) | free_2 = KMMI <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/c/KMMIACADEMY|title=KMMI Academy YouTube Channel|website=YouTube|access-date=August 23, 2024}}</ref> | free_label2 = TV Channel | free_3 = ASB <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/asbmoh/?hl=en|title=ASBMoh Instagram Profile|website=Instagram|access-date=October 4, 2024}}</ref> | free_label3 = Social Media | website = http://moh.sweetwaterschools.org/ }}'''Montgomery High School''' is a public school in San Diego, California. It teaches students in grades 9 through 12. The school opened in 1970. It is in the Otay Mesa area. The school is named after John J. Montgomery, who was one of the first people in the U.S. to fly a glider.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Montgomery High School 1968-1972 - South Bay Historical Society|url=http://sunnycv.com/history/exhibits/mont.html|access-date=2024-08-27|website=sunnycv.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=21 April 1968|title=New School Named After Pioneer Flyer|url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=CVSN19680421.1.4&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------|access-date=2024-10-11|website=cdnc.ucr.edu|publisher=Chula Vista Star-News|page=A4}}</ref> == History == In 1975, the school started a garden as part of a class about nature. Students learned by working outside. The garden was shown on a TV show hosted by [[Huell Howser]]. That class no longer exists.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chula Vista Star-News 22 March 1973 — California Digital Newspaper Collection|url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=CVSN19730322&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------|access-date=2025-01-30|website=cdnc.ucr.edu}}</ref> In 2006, the classrooms were fixed and made better. In 2009 and 2010, the school built a new sports field. In 2012, the field was named after a staff member, Al Prazak. He worked at the school for many years.<ref>{{Cite web|last=District|first=Sweetwater Union High School|date=2008-09-30|title=Montgomery High School New Two Story Building And Modernization Of Building 102, 1200 And Synthetic Track and Turf Field Project|url=https://ceqanet.opr.ca.gov/2008098359|access-date=2024-08-27|website=ceqanet.opr.ca.gov|language=en-us}}</ref> In 2011, the school built a new office, library, and more classrooms. The library was named after the first principal, Joseph Torres. The school also made the yard and gym look nicer.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Čada|first=Glenn|date=2014-09-05|title=A Most Unforgettable Character — Uncle Elden|url=https://clarksonhistory.wordpress.com/2014/09/05/a-most-unforgettable-character-uncle-elden/|access-date=2024-08-27|website=clarksonhistory|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fop-iZhTLCw|title=Montgomery High School - Proposition O|date=2010-07-20|last=BuildingPropO|access-date=2024-08-28}}</ref> In 2009, the school had low test scores. The district brought in a new principal and made changes. Some teachers were not happy, but the school improved.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Administration – Bonita Vista High School|url=https://bvh.sweetwaterschools.org/administration/|access-date=2025-04-16|language=en-US}}</ref><gallery mode="packed-overlay"> File:Montgomery_High_School's_original_basketball_gym.jpg|The old basketball gym, the school has two File:Montgomery_High_School_Aztec_&_newer_basketball_gym_(1).jpg|Aztec bust & newer basketball gym File:The_baseball_field_at_Montgomery_High_School_(San_Diego).jpg|Baseball field File:San_Diego_County_California_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Imperial_Beach_Highlighted.svg </gallery> == Athletics == Montgomery High's teams are called the '''Aztecs'''. Students can play many sports: {| class="wikitable" !'''Fall''' !'''Winter''' !'''Spring''' |- |'''Fall''' [[High school football|Football]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Brand|first=Steve|date=2019-09-26|title=Montgomery football coaches go 'New School'|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/2019/09/26/montgomery-football-coaches-go-new-school/|access-date=2025-01-21|website=San Diego Union-Tribune|language=en-US}}</ref> Girls [[Field hockey]] Girls [[Flag football|Flag Football]] [[Cross-country race|Girls & Boys Cross Country]] Girls [[Volleyball]] Girls [[Golf]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Brents|first=Phillip|date=2024-09-25|title=Fall sports preview: Girls golf at Sweetwater High School|url=https://www.thestarnews.com/fall-sports-prview-golf-golf-at-sweetwater-high-school/|access-date=2025-01-15|website=www.thestarnews.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Girls [[Tennis]] Boys [[Water polo|Water Polo]] |Girls & Boys Basketball<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-01|title=Twin basketball players are 'double trouble' for Montgomery High School|url=https://fox5sandiego.com/sports/neighborhood-all-stars/twin-basketball-players-are-double-trouble-for-montgomery-high-school/|access-date=2025-01-21|website=FOX 5 San Diego & KUSI News|language=en-US}}</ref> Girls Water Polo Soccer Wrestling Cheer |Boys Tennis Football Boys Volleyball Girls & Boys Swimming Boys Golf Boys [[Baseball]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-08-28|title=Montgomery's Manny Hermosillo highlights Hall of Fame Coaching Legends class|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/2024/08/28/montgomerys-manny-hermosillo-highlights-hall-of-fame-coaching-legends-class/|access-date=2025-01-15|website=San Diego Union-Tribune|language=en-US}}</ref> Girls [[Softball]] [[Track and field athletics|Track & Field]] [[Beach volleyball|Beach Volleyball]] |} == Notable alumni == [[File:All_Elite_Wrestling_Women's_World_Champion_-_Thunder_Rosa_(cropped).jpg|thumb|207x207px|All Elite Wrestling Women's World Champion - Thunder Rosa (cropped)]] {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+ ! scope="col" |Name ! scope="col" |Grad Class ! scope="col" |Category ! scope="col" |Best Known For |- |Tony Walker |1977 |Athlete |Professional baseball player |- |William McLeroy |1978 |Other |Firefighter |- |Nora Vargas |1990 |Politician |American politician<ref>{{Cite web|last=Stories|first=Local|date=2020-03-02|title=Meet Nora Vargas|url=https://sdvoyager.com/interview/meet-nora-vargas-nora-vargas-county-supervisor-south-county-san-diego/|access-date=2024-04-03|website=SDVoyager - San Diego|language=en-US}}</ref> |- |Wuv Bernardo |1991 |Musician |Drummer for [[P.O.D.]]<ref name="hof">{{Cite news|date=November 4, 2005|title=Hall of Fame inductees named (II)|page=5|work=[[The Star-News (Chula Vista, California)|The Star-News]]|url=https://newspapers.com/image/132685441/?clipping_id=133716441|access-date=October 19, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Sonny Sandoval |1991 |Musician |Singer for [[P.O.D.]]<ref name="hof" /> |- |[[Rey Mysterio]] |1993 |Athlete |Professional wrestler<ref>{{Cite news|last=Howard|first=Eric|date=June 29, 2007|title=Lucha libre to rock SWC on June 30|page=22|work=[[The Star-News (Chula Vista, California)|The Star-News]]|url=https://newspapers.com/image/132716329/?clipping_id=133714112|access-date=October 19, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Óscar Robles |1994 |Athlete |Professional baseball player<ref>{{Cite news|last=Brents|first=Phillip|date=October 22, 1994|title=Local hero giving it back|page=17|work=[[The Star-News (Chula Vista, California)|The Star-News]]|url=https://newspapers.com/image/132855021/?match=1&clipping_id=133715325|access-date=October 19, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Sergio Mitre |1999 |Athlete |Professional baseball player<ref>{{Cite news|last=Wilson|first=Bernie|date=July 3, 2007|title=Giles, Wells team to top Marlins|page=25|work=[[The Desert Sun]]|url=https://newspapers.com/image/195222823/?clipping_id=133714331|access-date=October 19, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |[[Thunder Rosa]] |2006 |Athlete |Professional wrestler |- |Alfredo Gutiérrez |2015 |Athlete |Professional football player<ref>{{Cite web|last=Krasovic|first=Tom|date=June 4, 2021|title=Tijuana and San Diego's Alfredo Gutierrez Joins the NFL Fast Lane with 49ers|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sports/nfl/story/2021-06-04/49ers-nfl-from-san-diego-tijuana-mexico-alfredo-gutierrez|access-date=October 19, 2023}}</ref> |} == Notable faculty == DeMarco Sampson - Coach and athlete == References == <references /> == Other websites == * [https://moh.sweetwaterschools.org/ Official website] {{San Diego}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:1970 establishments in California]] [[Category:Coordinates on Wikidata]] [[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]] [[Category:Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata]] 553ir9qpuvivhwghau03at8odw0926e 2 1188189 10367609 10366525 2025-07-02T12:28:25Z BlackJack 572554 /* Attention needed */ moving Umpire 10367609 wikitext text/x-wiki <table> <tr><center>'''[[User:BlackJack/Books|books]] | [[User:BlackJack/useful|useful]] | [[User:BlackJack/sandbox|sandbox]] | [[User:BlackJack/box1|workshop1]] | [[User:BlackJack/box2|workshop2]] | [[User:BlackJack/box3|workshop3]] | [[User:BlackJack/box4|workshop4]] | [[User:BlackJack/box5|workshop5]] | [[User:BlackJack/box6|workshop6]] | [[User:BlackJack/archives|archives]]'''</center> </tr> </table> <hr /> <table style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px"> <tr><td><hr/><center>'''Gallery'''</center></td></tr> <tr><td><center>[[Image:Blackjack.jpg|thumb|center|Blackjack! The face cards (Jack, Queen, and King) count as 10 points, and the Ace counts as 1 or 11.]]</center></td></tr> <tr><td><center>[[Image:BJackII.jpg|thumb|center|United States Government's 1875 reissue of the original 1863 "[[Andrew Jackson|Black Jack]]" postage stamp, depicting [[Andrew Jackson]].]]</center></td></tr> <tr><td><center>{{SA-appbook}}</center></td></tr> <tr><td><hr/><center>'''About me'''</center></td></tr> <tr><td>{{User name|Jack}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Cats}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User British}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Yorkshire}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Scottish}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User British Counties}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Wikipedian For|year=2005|month=7|day=31}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Cricket}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Liverpool FC}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Scotland football}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Westerns}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User:Tanthanyes/Userboxes/Greek History}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User WWII}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Wine}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User nonsmoker}}</td></tr> <tr><td></td></tr> <tr><td><hr/><center>'''Userboxes'''</center></td></tr> <tr><td>{{User userboxes}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User End}}</td></tr> </div> </td></tr></table></td></tr> </table> __NOTOC__ {{SA-yeoman}} <br /> <table>''' <tr><center>'''''For the field is full of shades as I near the shadowy coast,<br> [[Image:Bowling shadow figure.png|100px]] '''''And a ghostly batsman plays to the bowling of a ghost, [[Image:Batting shadow figure.png|100px]] <br><br> '''''And I look through my tears on a soundless-clapping host<br> :::::::::::::::'''''As the run-stealers flicker to and fro,<br> :::::::::::::::::::::::::'''''To and fro</center> </tr> </table> <br /> ===Hello=== Hello, I'm Jack. I'm English, and mostly interested in 🏏 [[cricket]]. You've probably guessed that after seeing the lines above, which are from a poem called ''[[Cricket poetry#At Lord's|At Lord's]]'' by [[Francis Thompson]] (1859–1907). I'm also interested in ⚽️ [[association football|football]], 📫 [[philately|postage stamps]], and [[history|historical subjects]]. Glad to be here—please [[User talk:BlackJack|give me a shout]] if you think I might be able to help you. ==Cricket: work in progress== ===Categories=== :;[[:Category:Cricket]] (13 C, 14 P) : This had to be rebuilt from scratch because it lacked any coherent structure, and did not provide navigation. Now satisfactory, as things stand, but some of the subcategories must be considered flexible, pending expansion of coverage. The articles in this root category are the ''key subjects only'', and that excludes all teams and individuals. The fundamentals are [[Cricket]] itself, and [[Glossary of terms used in cricket]], which both need considerable development. The other twelve include the primary skills, objectives, and match necessities. Also of major importance are ''[[The Laws of Cricket]]'' and the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC). There is perhaps one oddball—[[Comparison of baseball and cricket]]—but it should be considered a fundamental topic. :;[[:Category:Cricket by continent]] (5 C) : Subcategories only. :;[[:Category:Cricket by country]] (14 C) : Subcategories only. :;[[:Category:Cricket competitions]] (3 C) : Subcategories only. :;[[:Category:Forms of cricket]] (3 C, 5 P) : The seven main articles all need attention. :;[[:Category:Cricket grounds]] (5 C) : '''Priority''' is one subcategory per major country. All stadium articles need attention. :;[[:Category:History of cricket]] (3 P) : No development yet. Should eventually become subcategories only. :;[[:Category:International cricket teams]] (2 C) : Subcategories only. :;[[:Category:Cricket lists]] (1 C) : Subcategories only. Functional use. There have been far too many lists. :;[[:Category:Cricket media]] (3 P) : Likely to remain a small category only, but a necessary one. :;[[:Category:Cricketers by nationality]] (17 C) : Subcategories reduced from 38 to 17, though perhaps 25 would be reasonable. These are the twelve Test nations plus Canada, Netherlands, Nepal, Scotland, and Other Nationalities. There were a total of 719 player articles until 14 June, mainly indiscriminate micro-stubs with little hope of development, including many about players who lack notability. The total has been reduced to a more manageable 613, by removing those from the minor T20 countries. Even among the Test nations, there could well be a hundred others who should also go. Options are [[WP:RFD]] for the non-notables, or [[w:WP:ATD-R]] for the permanent stubs. The latter will need suitable player list articles, and these will require [[w:WP:LSC]] to reduce the [[redlink]]s. :;[[:Category:Cricket teams]] (10 C) : All categories installed. Create remaining team articles in due course. :;[[:Category:Terminology of cricket]] (9 P) : A necessity, but its size will depend on how the glossary develops. Has nine short articles currently, but at least four of them should really be in the glossary only. Need to create more permanents. :;[[:Category:Cricket templates]] (3 C, 11 P) : Technical use only. No problems here after one "current squad" was deleted at RfD. ===Articles=== ====Attention needed==== :;[[Wicket-keeper]] : Bare stub with two short sentences only. :;[[Bowling (cricket)|Bowling]] : Issues galore. A lot of work needed, plus references. :;[[Marylebone Cricket Club]] : Two rubbish sentences. Also unreferenced. :;[[Pelham Warner]] : Could qualify as a nonsense QD. :;[[Twenty20 International]] : An unsourced list of teams. :;[[Bat-and-ball games]] : Needs to be rewritten. Good sources for club-ball are Altham and Major. Restore 1 May 2020 version and develop that. ====Rewrite or create==== :;[[Australia men's national cricket team]] : :;[[Australia women's national cricket team]] : :;[[Bangladesh men's national cricket team]] : A mess. :;[[England men's cricket team]] : :;[[England women's cricket team]] : :;[[India men's national cricket team]] : :;[[India women's national cricket team]] : Rescued by means of a split, but needs rewrite. :;[[Ireland men's cricket team]] : A mess. :;[[Ireland women's cricket team]] : :;[[Netherlands women's national cricket team]] : :;[[New Zealand men's national cricket team]] : :;[[New Zealand women's national cricket team]] : :;[[Pakistan men's national cricket team]] : :;[[Pakistan women's national cricket team]] : :;[[Papua New Guinea women's national cricket team]] : :;[[Scotland men's national cricket team]] : :;[[Scotland women's national cricket team]] : :;[[South Africa men's national cricket team]] : Update. Referenced. :;[[Sri Lanka men's national cricket team]] : :;[[Sri Lanka women's national cricket team]] : :;[[Thailand women's national cricket team]] : :;[[United Arab Emirates women's national cricket team]] : :;[[United States women's national cricket team]] : :;[[West Indies men's cricket team]] : Rewrite and find better references. :;[[West Indies women's cricket team]] : :;[[Zimbabwe men's national cricket team]] : ====To be reviewed==== :;[[C. Aubrey Smith]] : Bad article, though it does have some references. :;[[First-class cricket]] : Has a definition, but little else. Needs to be simplified somewhat, and more references. A lot of work needed. :;[[History of cricket]] : One inaccurate, and sloppy, short paragraph only. Start from scratch. :;[[India men’s national under-19 cricket team]] : Unsourced. Possible RfD? :;[[International Cricket Council]] : Tables need to be restructured and corrected (or deleted). A major omission is ODI status. :;[[Test cricket]] : Lacks coherence and is badly structured. :;[[The Gabba]] : Short stub which needs to be improved and expanded. One reference only. Rename? :;[[The Ashes]] : Needs enough expansion to provide at least a half-decent historical summary. :;[[The Women's Ashes]] : A mess. :;[[W. G. Grace]] : Article is a partial, and poor, extract from the enwiki version. Has some references which must be checked. :;[[Xavier Marshall]] : Bad stub. Has already had a preliminary cleanup, but there is more to be done. ====Priorities==== =====Top===== :;[[Cricket]] : Review the pitch section, and synchronise its terminology with the glossary. Umpires and scorers next. :;[[Glossary of terms used in cricket]] : Review everything that occurs in [[Cricket#The pitch]]. :;''[[The Laws of Cricket]]'' : A case of "so far, so good", but it is only a historical summary. =====High===== :;[[Batting (cricket)|Batting]] : Okay on the whole, for now. Could use a few more references. :;[[Comparison of baseball and cricket]] : Common history section needs cricket sources to complement David Block. Altham and Major? :;[[Dismissal (cricket)|Dismissal]] : Essentials are there, but everything is very brief. A complete rewrite has been necessary. Much more to do. :;[[Fielding (cricket)|Fielding]] : Has been rewritten, but only as a useful intro. Needs references first, and then more about the main positions. :;[[Innings]] : Getting there, but it does need references. :;[[Pitch (cricket)|Pitch]] : Content-wise, this is not far off, but it needs citations which will mostly be from the Laws. Check Glossary. :;[[Scoring (cricket)|Scoring]] : Rewritten. Also restructured to accept three key merges. To be expanded. =====Medium===== :;[[Adelaide Oval]] : To be expanded. One reference only. :;[[Auckland men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Bangladesh women's national cricket team]] : Stub. Referenced. Okay for now. :;[[Barisal Division men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Basin Reserve]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Bengal men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Canada men's national cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Canterbury men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Central Districts men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Chittagong Division men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Colombo Cricket Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Colts Cricket Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[County Championship]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[CSA 4-Day Series]] : Started, but has only one reference. :;[[Delhi men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Derbyshire men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Dhaka Division men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Don Bradman]] : Has already been cleaned and copyedited. Okay for the present. Referenced. :;[[Eden Park]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Edgbaston Cricket Ground]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Galle International Stadium]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Gary Sobers]] : Made a start. Referenced. :;[[Gauteng men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Glamorgan men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Gloucestershire men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Hagley Oval]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Harare Sports Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Headingley Stadium]] : Commenced rewrite. Referenced. :;[[Jack Hobbs]] : Okay for the present, but will need improvement. Referenced. :;[[Kensington Oval]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Kingsmead Cricket Ground]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[KwaZulu-Natal Coastal men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Lord's]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Mashonaland Eagles]] : Started, referenced. :;[[Matabeleland Tuskers]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Melbourne Cricket Ground]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. One reference only. :;[[Mid West Rhinos]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Moors Sports Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Mountaineers cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Mumbai men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[National Cricket League]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[New South Wales men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Newlands Cricket Ground]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Nondescripts Cricket Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Northern Districts men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Old Trafford Cricket Ground]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[One Day International]] : Completely rewritten, but still only an introduction. Presently okay as a summary. :;[[Otago men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Plunket Shield]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Quaid-e-Azam Trophy]] : Started, and referenced. Has links to all contesting teams. :;[[Queen's Park Oval]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Queens Sports Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Queensland men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Ranji Trophy]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[R. Premadasa Stadium]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Sabina Park]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Sheffield Shield]] : Update and expand. Referenced. :;[[Single wicket cricket]] : Rescued and rewritten, but it needs a thorough review. Find better references. :;[[Sinhalese Sports Club Cricket Ground]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[South Africa women's national cricket team]] : Not bad as a start. To be improved and expanded. Referenced. :;[[South Australia men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Southern Rocks]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Surrey men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Sydney Cricket Ground]] : Commenced rewrite. Referenced. :;[[Tasmania men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[The Oval]] : Rescued, rewritten, and referenced. :;[[Trent Bridge]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Twenty20]] : Not bad as an introduction. Okay for the present, but it will need to be expanded in due course. :;[[United States men's national cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Victoria men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Wanderers Stadium]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Wellington men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[West Indies 4-Day Championship]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Western Australia men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Western Province men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;''[[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack]]'' : Short stub, but okay for now. One reference only. :;[[Yorkshire men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. =====Low===== :;[[2011 ICC Men's Cricket World Cup]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[2023 ICC Men's Cricket World Cup]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[2024–25 Major League Tournament]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[2027 ICC Men's Cricket World Cup]] : Started, and referenced. Does need to be watched. :;[[Ace Capital Cricket Club]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Andy Flower]] : Stub created to retain [[:Category:Zimbabwean cricketers]]. Referenced. :;[[Bangladesh Premier League]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Barbados men's cricket team]] : Stub. Referenced. Okay for now. :;[[Barbados women's cricket team]] : Stub. Referenced. Okay for now. :;[[Bloomfield Cricket and Athletic Club]] : Stub. Referenced. Okay for now. :;[[Bulawayo Athletic Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Chittagong Divisional Stadium]] : Okay. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[College Park, Dublin]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Colombo Strikers]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Cricket: A Weekly Record of the Game]] : Started. Needs more content. Referenced. :;[[Dambulla Sixers]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Dhaka Capitals]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Durbar Rajshahi]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Ekana Cricket Stadium]] : Okay. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[Faisalabad cricket team]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be checked and expanded. Referenced. :;[[Fortune Barisal]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Galle Marvels]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Guyana men's cricket team]] : Stub. Single reference. Okay for now. :;[[Heath Streak]] : Stub created to retain [[:Category:Zimbabwean cricketers]]. Referenced. :;[[History of cricket in India]] : Has been rescued. Currently about the 18th century only. Referenced. :;[[ICC Men's Cricket World Cup]] : Started and referenced. :;[[ICC Women's Cricket World Cup]] : Intro only. Expand in due course. Referenced. :;[[ICC World Test Championship]] : Update and expand. Referenced. :;[[Jaffna Kings]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Jamaica men's cricket team]] : Stub. Single reference. Okay for now. :;[[John Traicos]] : Currently a redirect to the Zimbabwe list, but should probably be an article given his dual international career. :;[[Kandy Falcons]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Lahore Stadium]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[Lanka Premier League]] : Intro only. Expand in due course. Referenced. :;[[List A cricket]] : Okay for the short-to-medium term. Could do with expansion in due course. :;[[Logan Cup]] : Intro only. Expand in due course. Referenced. :;[[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]] : Not bad. Referenced. :;[[Major League Tournament]] : Intro only. Expand in due course. Referenced. :;[[Mike Findlay]] : Stub created to launch [[:Category:Vincentian cricketers]]. Referenced. :;[[Multan men's cricket team]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[Narendra Modi Stadium]] : Needs expansion. Quite well referenced. :;[[National Stadium, Dhaka]] : Bare stub. Must be expanded. Referenced. :;[[National Stadium, Karachi]] : Bare stub. Must be expanded. One reference only. :;[[Nepal men's national cricket team]] : Not bad, but could do with some copyediting. Referenced. :;[[Nevill Ground]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. One reference only. :;[[North Marine Road]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. One reference only. :;[[Peshawar men's cricket team]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. One reference only. :;[[Rawalpindi men's cricket team]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[Richie Benaud]] : Not bad as a start. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[Shaheed Veer Narayan Singh International Cricket Stadium]] : Out of date. Referenced. Needs attention. :;[[Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium]] : Not bad as a start. To be improved and expanded. Referenced. :;[[Stormont Cricket Ground]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[The Village, Malahide]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Trinidad and Tobago men's cricket team]] : Stub. Single reference. Okay for now. :;[[Winston Davis]] : Stub created to launch [[:Category:Vincentian cricketers]]. Referenced. :;[[Zimbabwe women's national cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. ====Lists==== :;[[:Template:International cricketers]] : Using this as the guideline for restructuring the indiscriminate lists of players which are masses of redlinks and useless statistics. [[List of Zimbabwe men's international cricketers]] is complete as the model. [[List of Sri Lanka men's international cricketers]] and [[List of Australia women's international cricketers]] have been started. Separate Test, ODI, and T20I lists are being merged, and then split into two parts—former and active players, with application of [[w:WP:LSC]]. To minimise maintenance, active players state debut years only and do not include matches played. It helps that England and Pakistan have Test cricket lists only. :;[[List of Zimbabwe men's international cricketers]] : Complete. This is the model for all player lists, split between active and former. Low maintenance, and minimal redlinks. :;[[List of Australia women's international cricketers]] : Work in progress. Template built, but only two players as yet. Referenced. :;[[List of India women's international cricketers]] : Created using Aussie template. Two players in place. Referenced. :;[[List of Sri Lanka men's international cricketers]] : Work in progress. Template built, but only two players as yet. Referenced. * ''See lists.txt for the rest''. lymchbzcvr17phgcbiyv3i5te1qcghv 10367610 10367609 2025-07-02T12:30:10Z BlackJack 572554 /* High */ moved 10367610 wikitext text/x-wiki <table> <tr><center>'''[[User:BlackJack/Books|books]] | [[User:BlackJack/useful|useful]] | [[User:BlackJack/sandbox|sandbox]] | [[User:BlackJack/box1|workshop1]] | [[User:BlackJack/box2|workshop2]] | [[User:BlackJack/box3|workshop3]] | [[User:BlackJack/box4|workshop4]] | [[User:BlackJack/box5|workshop5]] | [[User:BlackJack/box6|workshop6]] | [[User:BlackJack/archives|archives]]'''</center> </tr> </table> <hr /> <table style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px"> <tr><td><hr/><center>'''Gallery'''</center></td></tr> <tr><td><center>[[Image:Blackjack.jpg|thumb|center|Blackjack! The face cards (Jack, Queen, and King) count as 10 points, and the Ace counts as 1 or 11.]]</center></td></tr> <tr><td><center>[[Image:BJackII.jpg|thumb|center|United States Government's 1875 reissue of the original 1863 "[[Andrew Jackson|Black Jack]]" postage stamp, depicting [[Andrew Jackson]].]]</center></td></tr> <tr><td><center>{{SA-appbook}}</center></td></tr> <tr><td><hr/><center>'''About me'''</center></td></tr> <tr><td>{{User name|Jack}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Cats}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User British}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Yorkshire}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Scottish}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User British Counties}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Wikipedian For|year=2005|month=7|day=31}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Cricket}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Liverpool FC}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Scotland football}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Westerns}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User:Tanthanyes/Userboxes/Greek History}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User WWII}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Wine}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User nonsmoker}}</td></tr> <tr><td></td></tr> <tr><td><hr/><center>'''Userboxes'''</center></td></tr> <tr><td>{{User userboxes}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User End}}</td></tr> </div> </td></tr></table></td></tr> </table> __NOTOC__ {{SA-yeoman}} <br /> <table>''' <tr><center>'''''For the field is full of shades as I near the shadowy coast,<br> [[Image:Bowling shadow figure.png|100px]] '''''And a ghostly batsman plays to the bowling of a ghost, [[Image:Batting shadow figure.png|100px]] <br><br> '''''And I look through my tears on a soundless-clapping host<br> :::::::::::::::'''''As the run-stealers flicker to and fro,<br> :::::::::::::::::::::::::'''''To and fro</center> </tr> </table> <br /> ===Hello=== Hello, I'm Jack. I'm English, and mostly interested in 🏏 [[cricket]]. You've probably guessed that after seeing the lines above, which are from a poem called ''[[Cricket poetry#At Lord's|At Lord's]]'' by [[Francis Thompson]] (1859–1907). I'm also interested in ⚽️ [[association football|football]], 📫 [[philately|postage stamps]], and [[history|historical subjects]]. Glad to be here—please [[User talk:BlackJack|give me a shout]] if you think I might be able to help you. ==Cricket: work in progress== ===Categories=== :;[[:Category:Cricket]] (13 C, 14 P) : This had to be rebuilt from scratch because it lacked any coherent structure, and did not provide navigation. Now satisfactory, as things stand, but some of the subcategories must be considered flexible, pending expansion of coverage. The articles in this root category are the ''key subjects only'', and that excludes all teams and individuals. The fundamentals are [[Cricket]] itself, and [[Glossary of terms used in cricket]], which both need considerable development. The other twelve include the primary skills, objectives, and match necessities. Also of major importance are ''[[The Laws of Cricket]]'' and the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC). There is perhaps one oddball—[[Comparison of baseball and cricket]]—but it should be considered a fundamental topic. :;[[:Category:Cricket by continent]] (5 C) : Subcategories only. :;[[:Category:Cricket by country]] (14 C) : Subcategories only. :;[[:Category:Cricket competitions]] (3 C) : Subcategories only. :;[[:Category:Forms of cricket]] (3 C, 5 P) : The seven main articles all need attention. :;[[:Category:Cricket grounds]] (5 C) : '''Priority''' is one subcategory per major country. All stadium articles need attention. :;[[:Category:History of cricket]] (3 P) : No development yet. Should eventually become subcategories only. :;[[:Category:International cricket teams]] (2 C) : Subcategories only. :;[[:Category:Cricket lists]] (1 C) : Subcategories only. Functional use. There have been far too many lists. :;[[:Category:Cricket media]] (3 P) : Likely to remain a small category only, but a necessary one. :;[[:Category:Cricketers by nationality]] (17 C) : Subcategories reduced from 38 to 17, though perhaps 25 would be reasonable. These are the twelve Test nations plus Canada, Netherlands, Nepal, Scotland, and Other Nationalities. There were a total of 719 player articles until 14 June, mainly indiscriminate micro-stubs with little hope of development, including many about players who lack notability. The total has been reduced to a more manageable 613, by removing those from the minor T20 countries. Even among the Test nations, there could well be a hundred others who should also go. Options are [[WP:RFD]] for the non-notables, or [[w:WP:ATD-R]] for the permanent stubs. The latter will need suitable player list articles, and these will require [[w:WP:LSC]] to reduce the [[redlink]]s. :;[[:Category:Cricket teams]] (10 C) : All categories installed. Create remaining team articles in due course. :;[[:Category:Terminology of cricket]] (9 P) : A necessity, but its size will depend on how the glossary develops. Has nine short articles currently, but at least four of them should really be in the glossary only. Need to create more permanents. :;[[:Category:Cricket templates]] (3 C, 11 P) : Technical use only. No problems here after one "current squad" was deleted at RfD. ===Articles=== ====Attention needed==== :;[[Wicket-keeper]] : Bare stub with two short sentences only. :;[[Bowling (cricket)|Bowling]] : Issues galore. A lot of work needed, plus references. :;[[Marylebone Cricket Club]] : Two rubbish sentences. Also unreferenced. :;[[Pelham Warner]] : Could qualify as a nonsense QD. :;[[Twenty20 International]] : An unsourced list of teams. :;[[Bat-and-ball games]] : Needs to be rewritten. Good sources for club-ball are Altham and Major. Restore 1 May 2020 version and develop that. ====Rewrite or create==== :;[[Australia men's national cricket team]] : :;[[Australia women's national cricket team]] : :;[[Bangladesh men's national cricket team]] : A mess. :;[[England men's cricket team]] : :;[[England women's cricket team]] : :;[[India men's national cricket team]] : :;[[India women's national cricket team]] : Rescued by means of a split, but needs rewrite. :;[[Ireland men's cricket team]] : A mess. :;[[Ireland women's cricket team]] : :;[[Netherlands women's national cricket team]] : :;[[New Zealand men's national cricket team]] : :;[[New Zealand women's national cricket team]] : :;[[Pakistan men's national cricket team]] : :;[[Pakistan women's national cricket team]] : :;[[Papua New Guinea women's national cricket team]] : :;[[Scotland men's national cricket team]] : :;[[Scotland women's national cricket team]] : :;[[South Africa men's national cricket team]] : Update. Referenced. :;[[Sri Lanka men's national cricket team]] : :;[[Sri Lanka women's national cricket team]] : :;[[Thailand women's national cricket team]] : :;[[United Arab Emirates women's national cricket team]] : :;[[United States women's national cricket team]] : :;[[West Indies men's cricket team]] : Rewrite and find better references. :;[[West Indies women's cricket team]] : :;[[Zimbabwe men's national cricket team]] : ====To be reviewed==== :;[[C. Aubrey Smith]] : Bad article, though it does have some references. :;[[First-class cricket]] : Has a definition, but little else. Needs to be simplified somewhat, and more references. A lot of work needed. :;[[History of cricket]] : One inaccurate, and sloppy, short paragraph only. Start from scratch. :;[[India men’s national under-19 cricket team]] : Unsourced. Possible RfD? :;[[International Cricket Council]] : Tables need to be restructured and corrected (or deleted). A major omission is ODI status. :;[[Test cricket]] : Lacks coherence and is badly structured. :;[[The Gabba]] : Short stub which needs to be improved and expanded. One reference only. Rename? :;[[The Ashes]] : Needs enough expansion to provide at least a half-decent historical summary. :;[[The Women's Ashes]] : A mess. :;[[W. G. Grace]] : Article is a partial, and poor, extract from the enwiki version. Has some references which must be checked. :;[[Xavier Marshall]] : Bad stub. Has already had a preliminary cleanup, but there is more to be done. ====Priorities==== =====Top===== :;[[Cricket]] : Review the pitch section, and synchronise its terminology with the glossary. Umpires and scorers next. :;[[Glossary of terms used in cricket]] : Review everything that occurs in [[Cricket#The pitch]]. :;''[[The Laws of Cricket]]'' : A case of "so far, so good", but it is only a historical summary. =====High===== :;[[Batting (cricket)|Batting]] : Okay on the whole, for now. Could use a few more references. :;[[Comparison of baseball and cricket]] : Common history section needs cricket sources to complement David Block. Altham and Major? :;[[Dismissal (cricket)|Dismissal]] : Essentials are there, but everything is very brief. A complete rewrite has been necessary. Much more to do. :;[[Fielding (cricket)|Fielding]] : Has been rewritten, but only as a useful intro. Needs references first, and then more about the main positions. :;[[Innings]] : Getting there, but it does need references. :;[[Pitch (cricket)|Pitch]] : Content-wise, this is not far off, but it needs citations which will mostly be from the Laws. Check Glossary. :;[[Scoring (cricket)|Scoring]] : Rewritten. Also restructured to accept three key merges. To be expanded. :;[[Umpire (cricket)|Umpire]] : Started with references. Need to link DRS to its eventual home. =====Medium===== :;[[Adelaide Oval]] : To be expanded. One reference only. :;[[Auckland men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Bangladesh women's national cricket team]] : Stub. Referenced. Okay for now. :;[[Barisal Division men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Basin Reserve]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Bengal men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Canada men's national cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Canterbury men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Central Districts men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Chittagong Division men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Colombo Cricket Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Colts Cricket Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[County Championship]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[CSA 4-Day Series]] : Started, but has only one reference. :;[[Delhi men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Derbyshire men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Dhaka Division men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Don Bradman]] : Has already been cleaned and copyedited. Okay for the present. Referenced. :;[[Eden Park]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Edgbaston Cricket Ground]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Galle International Stadium]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Gary Sobers]] : Made a start. Referenced. :;[[Gauteng men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Glamorgan men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Gloucestershire men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Hagley Oval]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Harare Sports Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Headingley Stadium]] : Commenced rewrite. Referenced. :;[[Jack Hobbs]] : Okay for the present, but will need improvement. Referenced. :;[[Kensington Oval]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Kingsmead Cricket Ground]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[KwaZulu-Natal Coastal men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Lord's]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Mashonaland Eagles]] : Started, referenced. :;[[Matabeleland Tuskers]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Melbourne Cricket Ground]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. One reference only. :;[[Mid West Rhinos]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Moors Sports Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Mountaineers cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Mumbai men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[National Cricket League]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[New South Wales men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Newlands Cricket Ground]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Nondescripts Cricket Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Northern Districts men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Old Trafford Cricket Ground]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[One Day International]] : Completely rewritten, but still only an introduction. Presently okay as a summary. :;[[Otago men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Plunket Shield]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Quaid-e-Azam Trophy]] : Started, and referenced. Has links to all contesting teams. :;[[Queen's Park Oval]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Queens Sports Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Queensland men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Ranji Trophy]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[R. Premadasa Stadium]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Sabina Park]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Sheffield Shield]] : Update and expand. Referenced. :;[[Single wicket cricket]] : Rescued and rewritten, but it needs a thorough review. Find better references. :;[[Sinhalese Sports Club Cricket Ground]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[South Africa women's national cricket team]] : Not bad as a start. To be improved and expanded. Referenced. :;[[South Australia men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Southern Rocks]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Surrey men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Sydney Cricket Ground]] : Commenced rewrite. Referenced. :;[[Tasmania men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[The Oval]] : Rescued, rewritten, and referenced. :;[[Trent Bridge]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Twenty20]] : Not bad as an introduction. Okay for the present, but it will need to be expanded in due course. :;[[United States men's national cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Victoria men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Wanderers Stadium]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Wellington men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[West Indies 4-Day Championship]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Western Australia men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Western Province men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;''[[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack]]'' : Short stub, but okay for now. One reference only. :;[[Yorkshire men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. =====Low===== :;[[2011 ICC Men's Cricket World Cup]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[2023 ICC Men's Cricket World Cup]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[2024–25 Major League Tournament]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[2027 ICC Men's Cricket World Cup]] : Started, and referenced. Does need to be watched. :;[[Ace Capital Cricket Club]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Andy Flower]] : Stub created to retain [[:Category:Zimbabwean cricketers]]. Referenced. :;[[Bangladesh Premier League]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Barbados men's cricket team]] : Stub. Referenced. Okay for now. :;[[Barbados women's cricket team]] : Stub. Referenced. Okay for now. :;[[Bloomfield Cricket and Athletic Club]] : Stub. Referenced. Okay for now. :;[[Bulawayo Athletic Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Chittagong Divisional Stadium]] : Okay. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[College Park, Dublin]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Colombo Strikers]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Cricket: A Weekly Record of the Game]] : Started. Needs more content. Referenced. :;[[Dambulla Sixers]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Dhaka Capitals]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Durbar Rajshahi]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Ekana Cricket Stadium]] : Okay. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[Faisalabad cricket team]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be checked and expanded. Referenced. :;[[Fortune Barisal]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Galle Marvels]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Guyana men's cricket team]] : Stub. Single reference. Okay for now. :;[[Heath Streak]] : Stub created to retain [[:Category:Zimbabwean cricketers]]. Referenced. :;[[History of cricket in India]] : Has been rescued. Currently about the 18th century only. Referenced. :;[[ICC Men's Cricket World Cup]] : Started and referenced. :;[[ICC Women's Cricket World Cup]] : Intro only. Expand in due course. Referenced. :;[[ICC World Test Championship]] : Update and expand. Referenced. :;[[Jaffna Kings]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Jamaica men's cricket team]] : Stub. Single reference. Okay for now. :;[[John Traicos]] : Currently a redirect to the Zimbabwe list, but should probably be an article given his dual international career. :;[[Kandy Falcons]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Lahore Stadium]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[Lanka Premier League]] : Intro only. Expand in due course. Referenced. :;[[List A cricket]] : Okay for the short-to-medium term. Could do with expansion in due course. :;[[Logan Cup]] : Intro only. Expand in due course. Referenced. :;[[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]] : Not bad. Referenced. :;[[Major League Tournament]] : Intro only. Expand in due course. Referenced. :;[[Mike Findlay]] : Stub created to launch [[:Category:Vincentian cricketers]]. Referenced. :;[[Multan men's cricket team]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[Narendra Modi Stadium]] : Needs expansion. Quite well referenced. :;[[National Stadium, Dhaka]] : Bare stub. Must be expanded. Referenced. :;[[National Stadium, Karachi]] : Bare stub. Must be expanded. One reference only. :;[[Nepal men's national cricket team]] : Not bad, but could do with some copyediting. Referenced. :;[[Nevill Ground]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. One reference only. :;[[North Marine Road]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. One reference only. :;[[Peshawar men's cricket team]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. One reference only. :;[[Rawalpindi men's cricket team]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[Richie Benaud]] : Not bad as a start. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[Shaheed Veer Narayan Singh International Cricket Stadium]] : Out of date. Referenced. Needs attention. :;[[Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium]] : Not bad as a start. To be improved and expanded. Referenced. :;[[Stormont Cricket Ground]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[The Village, Malahide]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Trinidad and Tobago men's cricket team]] : Stub. Single reference. Okay for now. :;[[Winston Davis]] : Stub created to launch [[:Category:Vincentian cricketers]]. Referenced. :;[[Zimbabwe women's national cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. ====Lists==== :;[[:Template:International cricketers]] : Using this as the guideline for restructuring the indiscriminate lists of players which are masses of redlinks and useless statistics. [[List of Zimbabwe men's international cricketers]] is complete as the model. [[List of Sri Lanka men's international cricketers]] and [[List of Australia women's international cricketers]] have been started. Separate Test, ODI, and T20I lists are being merged, and then split into two parts—former and active players, with application of [[w:WP:LSC]]. To minimise maintenance, active players state debut years only and do not include matches played. It helps that England and Pakistan have Test cricket lists only. :;[[List of Zimbabwe men's international cricketers]] : Complete. This is the model for all player lists, split between active and former. Low maintenance, and minimal redlinks. :;[[List of Australia women's international cricketers]] : Work in progress. Template built, but only two players as yet. Referenced. :;[[List of India women's international cricketers]] : Created using Aussie template. Two players in place. Referenced. :;[[List of Sri Lanka men's international cricketers]] : Work in progress. Template built, but only two players as yet. Referenced. * ''See lists.txt for the rest''. j4bsygth7nnndxnhisvih0cfy70egt6 10368298 10367610 2025-07-02T21:44:00Z BlackJack 572554 /* Attention needed */moving 10368298 wikitext text/x-wiki <table> <tr><center>'''[[User:BlackJack/Books|books]] | [[User:BlackJack/useful|useful]] | [[User:BlackJack/sandbox|sandbox]] | [[User:BlackJack/box1|workshop1]] | [[User:BlackJack/box2|workshop2]] | [[User:BlackJack/box3|workshop3]] | [[User:BlackJack/box4|workshop4]] | [[User:BlackJack/box5|workshop5]] | [[User:BlackJack/box6|workshop6]] | [[User:BlackJack/archives|archives]]'''</center> </tr> </table> <hr /> <table style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px"> <tr><td><hr/><center>'''Gallery'''</center></td></tr> <tr><td><center>[[Image:Blackjack.jpg|thumb|center|Blackjack! The face cards (Jack, Queen, and King) count as 10 points, and the Ace counts as 1 or 11.]]</center></td></tr> <tr><td><center>[[Image:BJackII.jpg|thumb|center|United States Government's 1875 reissue of the original 1863 "[[Andrew Jackson|Black Jack]]" postage stamp, depicting [[Andrew Jackson]].]]</center></td></tr> <tr><td><center>{{SA-appbook}}</center></td></tr> <tr><td><hr/><center>'''About me'''</center></td></tr> <tr><td>{{User name|Jack}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Cats}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User British}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Yorkshire}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Scottish}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User British Counties}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Wikipedian For|year=2005|month=7|day=31}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Cricket}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Liverpool FC}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Scotland football}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Westerns}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User:Tanthanyes/Userboxes/Greek History}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User WWII}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Wine}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User nonsmoker}}</td></tr> <tr><td></td></tr> <tr><td><hr/><center>'''Userboxes'''</center></td></tr> <tr><td>{{User userboxes}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User End}}</td></tr> </div> </td></tr></table></td></tr> </table> __NOTOC__ {{SA-yeoman}} <br /> <table>''' <tr><center>'''''For the field is full of shades as I near the shadowy coast,<br> [[Image:Bowling shadow figure.png|100px]] '''''And a ghostly batsman plays to the bowling of a ghost, [[Image:Batting shadow figure.png|100px]] <br><br> '''''And I look through my tears on a soundless-clapping host<br> :::::::::::::::'''''As the run-stealers flicker to and fro,<br> :::::::::::::::::::::::::'''''To and fro</center> </tr> </table> <br /> ===Hello=== Hello, I'm Jack. I'm English, and mostly interested in 🏏 [[cricket]]. You've probably guessed that after seeing the lines above, which are from a poem called ''[[Cricket poetry#At Lord's|At Lord's]]'' by [[Francis Thompson]] (1859–1907). I'm also interested in ⚽️ [[association football|football]], 📫 [[philately|postage stamps]], and [[history|historical subjects]]. Glad to be here—please [[User talk:BlackJack|give me a shout]] if you think I might be able to help you. ==Cricket: work in progress== ===Categories=== :;[[:Category:Cricket]] (13 C, 14 P) : This had to be rebuilt from scratch because it lacked any coherent structure, and did not provide navigation. Now satisfactory, as things stand, but some of the subcategories must be considered flexible, pending expansion of coverage. The articles in this root category are the ''key subjects only'', and that excludes all teams and individuals. The fundamentals are [[Cricket]] itself, and [[Glossary of terms used in cricket]], which both need considerable development. The other twelve include the primary skills, objectives, and match necessities. Also of major importance are ''[[The Laws of Cricket]]'' and the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC). There is perhaps one oddball—[[Comparison of baseball and cricket]]—but it should be considered a fundamental topic. :;[[:Category:Cricket by continent]] (5 C) : Subcategories only. :;[[:Category:Cricket by country]] (14 C) : Subcategories only. :;[[:Category:Cricket competitions]] (3 C) : Subcategories only. :;[[:Category:Forms of cricket]] (3 C, 5 P) : The seven main articles all need attention. :;[[:Category:Cricket grounds]] (5 C) : '''Priority''' is one subcategory per major country. All stadium articles need attention. :;[[:Category:History of cricket]] (3 P) : No development yet. Should eventually become subcategories only. :;[[:Category:International cricket teams]] (2 C) : Subcategories only. :;[[:Category:Cricket lists]] (1 C) : Subcategories only. Functional use. There have been far too many lists. :;[[:Category:Cricket media]] (3 P) : Likely to remain a small category only, but a necessary one. :;[[:Category:Cricketers by nationality]] (17 C) : Subcategories reduced from 38 to 17, though perhaps 25 would be reasonable. These are the twelve Test nations plus Canada, Netherlands, Nepal, Scotland, and Other Nationalities. There were a total of 719 player articles until 14 June, mainly indiscriminate micro-stubs with little hope of development, including many about players who lack notability. The total has been reduced to a more manageable 613, by removing those from the minor T20 countries. Even among the Test nations, there could well be a hundred others who should also go. Options are [[WP:RFD]] for the non-notables, or [[w:WP:ATD-R]] for the permanent stubs. The latter will need suitable player list articles, and these will require [[w:WP:LSC]] to reduce the [[redlink]]s. :;[[:Category:Cricket teams]] (10 C) : All categories installed. Create remaining team articles in due course. :;[[:Category:Terminology of cricket]] (9 P) : A necessity, but its size will depend on how the glossary develops. Has nine short articles currently, but at least four of them should really be in the glossary only. Need to create more permanents. :;[[:Category:Cricket templates]] (3 C, 11 P) : Technical use only. No problems here after one "current squad" was deleted at RfD. ===Articles=== ====Attention needed==== :;[[Bowling (cricket)|Bowling]] : Issues galore. A lot of work needed, plus references. :;[[Marylebone Cricket Club]] : Two rubbish sentences. Also unreferenced. :;[[Pelham Warner]] : Could qualify as a nonsense QD. :;[[Twenty20 International]] : An unsourced list of teams. :;[[Bat-and-ball games]] : Needs to be rewritten. Good sources for club-ball are Altham and Major. Restore 1 May 2020 version and develop that. ====Rewrite or create==== :;[[Australia men's national cricket team]] : :;[[Australia women's national cricket team]] : :;[[Bangladesh men's national cricket team]] : A mess. :;[[England men's cricket team]] : :;[[England women's cricket team]] : :;[[India men's national cricket team]] : :;[[India women's national cricket team]] : Rescued by means of a split, but needs rewrite. :;[[Ireland men's cricket team]] : A mess. :;[[Ireland women's cricket team]] : :;[[Netherlands women's national cricket team]] : :;[[New Zealand men's national cricket team]] : :;[[New Zealand women's national cricket team]] : :;[[Pakistan men's national cricket team]] : :;[[Pakistan women's national cricket team]] : :;[[Papua New Guinea women's national cricket team]] : :;[[Scotland men's national cricket team]] : :;[[Scotland women's national cricket team]] : :;[[South Africa men's national cricket team]] : Update. Referenced. :;[[Sri Lanka men's national cricket team]] : :;[[Sri Lanka women's national cricket team]] : :;[[Thailand women's national cricket team]] : :;[[United Arab Emirates women's national cricket team]] : :;[[United States women's national cricket team]] : :;[[West Indies men's cricket team]] : Rewrite and find better references. :;[[West Indies women's cricket team]] : :;[[Zimbabwe men's national cricket team]] : ====To be reviewed==== :;[[C. Aubrey Smith]] : Bad article, though it does have some references. :;[[First-class cricket]] : Has a definition, but little else. Needs to be simplified somewhat, and more references. A lot of work needed. :;[[History of cricket]] : One inaccurate, and sloppy, short paragraph only. Start from scratch. :;[[India men’s national under-19 cricket team]] : Unsourced. Possible RfD? :;[[International Cricket Council]] : Tables need to be restructured and corrected (or deleted). A major omission is ODI status. :;[[Test cricket]] : Lacks coherence and is badly structured. :;[[The Gabba]] : Short stub which needs to be improved and expanded. One reference only. Rename? :;[[The Ashes]] : Needs enough expansion to provide at least a half-decent historical summary. :;[[The Women's Ashes]] : A mess. :;[[W. G. Grace]] : Article is a partial, and poor, extract from the enwiki version. Has some references which must be checked. :;[[Xavier Marshall]] : Bad stub. Has already had a preliminary cleanup, but there is more to be done. ====Priorities==== =====Top===== :;[[Cricket]] : Review the pitch section, and synchronise its terminology with the glossary. Umpires and scorers next. :;[[Glossary of terms used in cricket]] : Review everything that occurs in [[Cricket#The pitch]]. :;''[[The Laws of Cricket]]'' : A case of "so far, so good", but it is only a historical summary. =====High===== :;[[Batting (cricket)|Batting]] : Okay on the whole, for now. Could use a few more references. :;[[Comparison of baseball and cricket]] : Common history section needs cricket sources to complement David Block. Altham and Major? :;[[Dismissal (cricket)|Dismissal]] : Essentials are there, but everything is very brief. A complete rewrite has been necessary. Much more to do. :;[[Fielding (cricket)|Fielding]] : Has been rewritten, but only as a useful intro. Needs references first, and then more about the main positions. :;[[Innings]] : Getting there, but it does need references. :;[[Pitch (cricket)|Pitch]] : Content-wise, this is not far off, but it needs citations which will mostly be from the Laws. Check Glossary. :;[[Scoring (cricket)|Scoring]] : Rewritten. Also restructured to accept three key merges. To be expanded. :;[[Umpire (cricket)|Umpire]] : Started with references. Need to link DRS to its eventual home. =====Medium===== :;[[Adelaide Oval]] : To be expanded. One reference only. :;[[Auckland men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Bangladesh women's national cricket team]] : Stub. Referenced. Okay for now. :;[[Barisal Division men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Basin Reserve]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Bengal men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Canada men's national cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Canterbury men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Central Districts men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Chittagong Division men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Colombo Cricket Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Colts Cricket Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[County Championship]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[CSA 4-Day Series]] : Started, but has only one reference. :;[[Delhi men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Derbyshire men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Dhaka Division men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Don Bradman]] : Has already been cleaned and copyedited. Okay for the present. Referenced. :;[[Eden Park]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Edgbaston Cricket Ground]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Galle International Stadium]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Gary Sobers]] : Made a start. Referenced. :;[[Gauteng men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Glamorgan men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Gloucestershire men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Hagley Oval]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Harare Sports Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Headingley Stadium]] : Commenced rewrite. Referenced. :;[[Jack Hobbs]] : Okay for the present, but will need improvement. Referenced. :;[[Kensington Oval]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Kingsmead Cricket Ground]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[KwaZulu-Natal Coastal men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Lord's]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Mashonaland Eagles]] : Started, referenced. :;[[Matabeleland Tuskers]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Melbourne Cricket Ground]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. One reference only. :;[[Mid West Rhinos]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Moors Sports Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Mountaineers cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Mumbai men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[National Cricket League]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[New South Wales men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Newlands Cricket Ground]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Nondescripts Cricket Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Northern Districts men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Old Trafford Cricket Ground]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[One Day International]] : Completely rewritten, but still only an introduction. Presently okay as a summary. :;[[Otago men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Plunket Shield]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Quaid-e-Azam Trophy]] : Started, and referenced. Has links to all contesting teams. :;[[Queen's Park Oval]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Queens Sports Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Queensland men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Ranji Trophy]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[R. Premadasa Stadium]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Sabina Park]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Sheffield Shield]] : Update and expand. Referenced. :;[[Single wicket cricket]] : Rescued and rewritten, but it needs a thorough review. Find better references. :;[[Sinhalese Sports Club Cricket Ground]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[South Africa women's national cricket team]] : Not bad as a start. To be improved and expanded. Referenced. :;[[South Australia men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Southern Rocks]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Surrey men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Sydney Cricket Ground]] : Commenced rewrite. Referenced. :;[[Tasmania men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[The Oval]] : Rescued, rewritten, and referenced. :;[[Trent Bridge]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Twenty20]] : Not bad as an introduction. Okay for the present, but it will need to be expanded in due course. :;[[United States men's national cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Victoria men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Wanderers Stadium]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Wellington men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[West Indies 4-Day Championship]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Western Australia men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Western Province men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;''[[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack]]'' : Short stub, but okay for now. One reference only. :;[[Yorkshire men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. =====Low===== :;[[2011 ICC Men's Cricket World Cup]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[2023 ICC Men's Cricket World Cup]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[2024–25 Major League Tournament]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[2027 ICC Men's Cricket World Cup]] : Started, and referenced. Does need to be watched. :;[[Ace Capital Cricket Club]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Andy Flower]] : Stub created to retain [[:Category:Zimbabwean cricketers]]. Referenced. :;[[Bangladesh Premier League]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Barbados men's cricket team]] : Stub. Referenced. Okay for now. :;[[Barbados women's cricket team]] : Stub. Referenced. Okay for now. :;[[Bloomfield Cricket and Athletic Club]] : Stub. Referenced. Okay for now. :;[[Bulawayo Athletic Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Chittagong Divisional Stadium]] : Okay. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[College Park, Dublin]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Colombo Strikers]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Cricket: A Weekly Record of the Game]] : Started. Needs more content. Referenced. :;[[Dambulla Sixers]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Dhaka Capitals]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Durbar Rajshahi]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Ekana Cricket Stadium]] : Okay. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[Faisalabad cricket team]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be checked and expanded. Referenced. :;[[Fortune Barisal]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Galle Marvels]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Guyana men's cricket team]] : Stub. Single reference. Okay for now. :;[[Heath Streak]] : Stub created to retain [[:Category:Zimbabwean cricketers]]. Referenced. :;[[History of cricket in India]] : Has been rescued. Currently about the 18th century only. Referenced. :;[[ICC Men's Cricket World Cup]] : Started and referenced. :;[[ICC Women's Cricket World Cup]] : Intro only. Expand in due course. Referenced. :;[[ICC World Test Championship]] : Update and expand. Referenced. :;[[Jaffna Kings]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Jamaica men's cricket team]] : Stub. Single reference. Okay for now. :;[[John Traicos]] : Currently a redirect to the Zimbabwe list, but should probably be an article given his dual international career. :;[[Kandy Falcons]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Lahore Stadium]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[Lanka Premier League]] : Intro only. Expand in due course. Referenced. :;[[List A cricket]] : Okay for the short-to-medium term. Could do with expansion in due course. :;[[Logan Cup]] : Intro only. Expand in due course. Referenced. :;[[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]] : Not bad. Referenced. :;[[Major League Tournament]] : Intro only. Expand in due course. Referenced. :;[[Mike Findlay]] : Stub created to launch [[:Category:Vincentian cricketers]]. Referenced. :;[[Multan men's cricket team]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[Narendra Modi Stadium]] : Needs expansion. Quite well referenced. :;[[National Stadium, Dhaka]] : Bare stub. Must be expanded. Referenced. :;[[National Stadium, Karachi]] : Bare stub. Must be expanded. One reference only. :;[[Nepal men's national cricket team]] : Not bad, but could do with some copyediting. Referenced. :;[[Nevill Ground]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. One reference only. :;[[North Marine Road]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. One reference only. :;[[Peshawar men's cricket team]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. One reference only. :;[[Rawalpindi men's cricket team]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[Richie Benaud]] : Not bad as a start. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[Shaheed Veer Narayan Singh International Cricket Stadium]] : Out of date. Referenced. Needs attention. :;[[Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium]] : Not bad as a start. To be improved and expanded. Referenced. :;[[Stormont Cricket Ground]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[The Village, Malahide]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Trinidad and Tobago men's cricket team]] : Stub. Single reference. Okay for now. :;[[Winston Davis]] : Stub created to launch [[:Category:Vincentian cricketers]]. Referenced. :;[[Zimbabwe women's national cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. ====Lists==== :;[[:Template:International cricketers]] : Using this as the guideline for restructuring the indiscriminate lists of players which are masses of redlinks and useless statistics. [[List of Zimbabwe men's international cricketers]] is complete as the model. [[List of Sri Lanka men's international cricketers]] and [[List of Australia women's international cricketers]] have been started. Separate Test, ODI, and T20I lists are being merged, and then split into two parts—former and active players, with application of [[w:WP:LSC]]. To minimise maintenance, active players state debut years only and do not include matches played. It helps that England and Pakistan have Test cricket lists only. :;[[List of Zimbabwe men's international cricketers]] : Complete. This is the model for all player lists, split between active and former. Low maintenance, and minimal redlinks. :;[[List of Australia women's international cricketers]] : Work in progress. Template built, but only two players as yet. Referenced. :;[[List of India women's international cricketers]] : Created using Aussie template. Two players in place. Referenced. :;[[List of Sri Lanka men's international cricketers]] : Work in progress. Template built, but only two players as yet. Referenced. * ''See lists.txt for the rest''. qy9a5i75ddjnbceftzg9b2n8hy7zhwh 10368305 10368298 2025-07-02T21:46:30Z BlackJack 572554 /* High */status 10368305 wikitext text/x-wiki <table> <tr><center>'''[[User:BlackJack/Books|books]] | [[User:BlackJack/useful|useful]] | [[User:BlackJack/sandbox|sandbox]] | [[User:BlackJack/box1|workshop1]] | [[User:BlackJack/box2|workshop2]] | [[User:BlackJack/box3|workshop3]] | [[User:BlackJack/box4|workshop4]] | [[User:BlackJack/box5|workshop5]] | [[User:BlackJack/box6|workshop6]] | [[User:BlackJack/archives|archives]]'''</center> </tr> </table> <hr /> <table style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px"> <tr><td><hr/><center>'''Gallery'''</center></td></tr> <tr><td><center>[[Image:Blackjack.jpg|thumb|center|Blackjack! The face cards (Jack, Queen, and King) count as 10 points, and the Ace counts as 1 or 11.]]</center></td></tr> <tr><td><center>[[Image:BJackII.jpg|thumb|center|United States Government's 1875 reissue of the original 1863 "[[Andrew Jackson|Black Jack]]" postage stamp, depicting [[Andrew Jackson]].]]</center></td></tr> <tr><td><center>{{SA-appbook}}</center></td></tr> <tr><td><hr/><center>'''About me'''</center></td></tr> <tr><td>{{User name|Jack}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Cats}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User British}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Yorkshire}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Scottish}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User British Counties}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Wikipedian For|year=2005|month=7|day=31}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Cricket}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Liverpool FC}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Scotland football}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Westerns}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User:Tanthanyes/Userboxes/Greek History}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User WWII}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Wine}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User nonsmoker}}</td></tr> <tr><td></td></tr> <tr><td><hr/><center>'''Userboxes'''</center></td></tr> <tr><td>{{User userboxes}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User End}}</td></tr> </div> </td></tr></table></td></tr> </table> __NOTOC__ {{SA-yeoman}} <br /> <table>''' <tr><center>'''''For the field is full of shades as I near the shadowy coast,<br> [[Image:Bowling shadow figure.png|100px]] '''''And a ghostly batsman plays to the bowling of a ghost, [[Image:Batting shadow figure.png|100px]] <br><br> '''''And I look through my tears on a soundless-clapping host<br> :::::::::::::::'''''As the run-stealers flicker to and fro,<br> :::::::::::::::::::::::::'''''To and fro</center> </tr> </table> <br /> ===Hello=== Hello, I'm Jack. I'm English, and mostly interested in 🏏 [[cricket]]. You've probably guessed that after seeing the lines above, which are from a poem called ''[[Cricket poetry#At Lord's|At Lord's]]'' by [[Francis Thompson]] (1859–1907). I'm also interested in ⚽️ [[association football|football]], 📫 [[philately|postage stamps]], and [[history|historical subjects]]. Glad to be here—please [[User talk:BlackJack|give me a shout]] if you think I might be able to help you. ==Cricket: work in progress== ===Categories=== :;[[:Category:Cricket]] (13 C, 14 P) : This had to be rebuilt from scratch because it lacked any coherent structure, and did not provide navigation. Now satisfactory, as things stand, but some of the subcategories must be considered flexible, pending expansion of coverage. The articles in this root category are the ''key subjects only'', and that excludes all teams and individuals. The fundamentals are [[Cricket]] itself, and [[Glossary of terms used in cricket]], which both need considerable development. The other twelve include the primary skills, objectives, and match necessities. Also of major importance are ''[[The Laws of Cricket]]'' and the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC). There is perhaps one oddball—[[Comparison of baseball and cricket]]—but it should be considered a fundamental topic. :;[[:Category:Cricket by continent]] (5 C) : Subcategories only. :;[[:Category:Cricket by country]] (14 C) : Subcategories only. :;[[:Category:Cricket competitions]] (3 C) : Subcategories only. :;[[:Category:Forms of cricket]] (3 C, 5 P) : The seven main articles all need attention. :;[[:Category:Cricket grounds]] (5 C) : '''Priority''' is one subcategory per major country. All stadium articles need attention. :;[[:Category:History of cricket]] (3 P) : No development yet. Should eventually become subcategories only. :;[[:Category:International cricket teams]] (2 C) : Subcategories only. :;[[:Category:Cricket lists]] (1 C) : Subcategories only. Functional use. There have been far too many lists. :;[[:Category:Cricket media]] (3 P) : Likely to remain a small category only, but a necessary one. :;[[:Category:Cricketers by nationality]] (17 C) : Subcategories reduced from 38 to 17, though perhaps 25 would be reasonable. These are the twelve Test nations plus Canada, Netherlands, Nepal, Scotland, and Other Nationalities. There were a total of 719 player articles until 14 June, mainly indiscriminate micro-stubs with little hope of development, including many about players who lack notability. The total has been reduced to a more manageable 613, by removing those from the minor T20 countries. Even among the Test nations, there could well be a hundred others who should also go. Options are [[WP:RFD]] for the non-notables, or [[w:WP:ATD-R]] for the permanent stubs. The latter will need suitable player list articles, and these will require [[w:WP:LSC]] to reduce the [[redlink]]s. :;[[:Category:Cricket teams]] (10 C) : All categories installed. Create remaining team articles in due course. :;[[:Category:Terminology of cricket]] (9 P) : A necessity, but its size will depend on how the glossary develops. Has nine short articles currently, but at least four of them should really be in the glossary only. Need to create more permanents. :;[[:Category:Cricket templates]] (3 C, 11 P) : Technical use only. No problems here after one "current squad" was deleted at RfD. ===Articles=== ====Attention needed==== :;[[Bowling (cricket)|Bowling]] : Issues galore. A lot of work needed, plus references. :;[[Marylebone Cricket Club]] : Two rubbish sentences. Also unreferenced. :;[[Pelham Warner]] : Could qualify as a nonsense QD. :;[[Twenty20 International]] : An unsourced list of teams. :;[[Bat-and-ball games]] : Needs to be rewritten. Good sources for club-ball are Altham and Major. Restore 1 May 2020 version and develop that. ====Rewrite or create==== :;[[Australia men's national cricket team]] : :;[[Australia women's national cricket team]] : :;[[Bangladesh men's national cricket team]] : A mess. :;[[England men's cricket team]] : :;[[England women's cricket team]] : :;[[India men's national cricket team]] : :;[[India women's national cricket team]] : Rescued by means of a split, but needs rewrite. :;[[Ireland men's cricket team]] : A mess. :;[[Ireland women's cricket team]] : :;[[Netherlands women's national cricket team]] : :;[[New Zealand men's national cricket team]] : :;[[New Zealand women's national cricket team]] : :;[[Pakistan men's national cricket team]] : :;[[Pakistan women's national cricket team]] : :;[[Papua New Guinea women's national cricket team]] : :;[[Scotland men's national cricket team]] : :;[[Scotland women's national cricket team]] : :;[[South Africa men's national cricket team]] : Update. Referenced. :;[[Sri Lanka men's national cricket team]] : :;[[Sri Lanka women's national cricket team]] : :;[[Thailand women's national cricket team]] : :;[[United Arab Emirates women's national cricket team]] : :;[[United States women's national cricket team]] : :;[[West Indies men's cricket team]] : Rewrite and find better references. :;[[West Indies women's cricket team]] : :;[[Zimbabwe men's national cricket team]] : ====To be reviewed==== :;[[C. Aubrey Smith]] : Bad article, though it does have some references. :;[[First-class cricket]] : Has a definition, but little else. Needs to be simplified somewhat, and more references. A lot of work needed. :;[[History of cricket]] : One inaccurate, and sloppy, short paragraph only. Start from scratch. :;[[India men’s national under-19 cricket team]] : Unsourced. Possible RfD? :;[[International Cricket Council]] : Tables need to be restructured and corrected (or deleted). A major omission is ODI status. :;[[Test cricket]] : Lacks coherence and is badly structured. :;[[The Gabba]] : Short stub which needs to be improved and expanded. One reference only. Rename? :;[[The Ashes]] : Needs enough expansion to provide at least a half-decent historical summary. :;[[The Women's Ashes]] : A mess. :;[[W. G. Grace]] : Article is a partial, and poor, extract from the enwiki version. Has some references which must be checked. :;[[Xavier Marshall]] : Bad stub. Has already had a preliminary cleanup, but there is more to be done. ====Priorities==== =====Top===== :;[[Cricket]] : Review the pitch section, and synchronise its terminology with the glossary. Umpires and scorers next. :;[[Glossary of terms used in cricket]] : Review everything that occurs in [[Cricket#The pitch]]. :;''[[The Laws of Cricket]]'' : A case of "so far, so good", but it is only a historical summary. =====High===== :;[[Batting (cricket)|Batting]] : Okay on the whole, for now. Could use a few more references. :;[[Comparison of baseball and cricket]] : Common history section needs cricket sources to complement David Block. Altham and Major? :;[[Dismissal (cricket)|Dismissal]] : Essentials are there, but everything is very brief. A complete rewrite has been necessary. Much more to do. :;[[Fielding (cricket)|Fielding]] : Has been rewritten, but only as a useful intro. Needs references first, and then more about the main positions. :;[[Innings]] : Getting there, but it does need references. :;[[Pitch (cricket)|Pitch]] : Content-wise, this is not far off, but it needs citations which will mostly be from the Laws. Check Glossary. :;[[Scoring (cricket)|Scoring]] : Rewritten. Also restructured to accept three key merges. To be expanded. :;[[Umpire (cricket)|Umpire]] : Started with references. Need to link DRS to its eventual home. :;[[Wicket-keeper]] : Started with references. Much more needed. =====Medium===== :;[[Adelaide Oval]] : To be expanded. One reference only. :;[[Auckland men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Bangladesh women's national cricket team]] : Stub. Referenced. Okay for now. :;[[Barisal Division men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Basin Reserve]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Bengal men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Canada men's national cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Canterbury men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Central Districts men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Chittagong Division men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Colombo Cricket Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Colts Cricket Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[County Championship]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[CSA 4-Day Series]] : Started, but has only one reference. :;[[Delhi men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Derbyshire men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Dhaka Division men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Don Bradman]] : Has already been cleaned and copyedited. Okay for the present. Referenced. :;[[Eden Park]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Edgbaston Cricket Ground]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Galle International Stadium]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Gary Sobers]] : Made a start. Referenced. :;[[Gauteng men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Glamorgan men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Gloucestershire men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Hagley Oval]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Harare Sports Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Headingley Stadium]] : Commenced rewrite. Referenced. :;[[Jack Hobbs]] : Okay for the present, but will need improvement. Referenced. :;[[Kensington Oval]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Kingsmead Cricket Ground]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[KwaZulu-Natal Coastal men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Lord's]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Mashonaland Eagles]] : Started, referenced. :;[[Matabeleland Tuskers]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Melbourne Cricket Ground]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. One reference only. :;[[Mid West Rhinos]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Moors Sports Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Mountaineers cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Mumbai men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[National Cricket League]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[New South Wales men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Newlands Cricket Ground]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Nondescripts Cricket Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Northern Districts men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Old Trafford Cricket Ground]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[One Day International]] : Completely rewritten, but still only an introduction. Presently okay as a summary. :;[[Otago men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Plunket Shield]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Quaid-e-Azam Trophy]] : Started, and referenced. Has links to all contesting teams. :;[[Queen's Park Oval]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Queens Sports Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Queensland men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Ranji Trophy]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[R. Premadasa Stadium]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Sabina Park]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Sheffield Shield]] : Update and expand. Referenced. :;[[Single wicket cricket]] : Rescued and rewritten, but it needs a thorough review. Find better references. :;[[Sinhalese Sports Club Cricket Ground]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[South Africa women's national cricket team]] : Not bad as a start. To be improved and expanded. Referenced. :;[[South Australia men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Southern Rocks]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Surrey men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Sydney Cricket Ground]] : Commenced rewrite. Referenced. :;[[Tasmania men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[The Oval]] : Rescued, rewritten, and referenced. :;[[Trent Bridge]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Twenty20]] : Not bad as an introduction. Okay for the present, but it will need to be expanded in due course. :;[[United States men's national cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Victoria men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Wanderers Stadium]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Wellington men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[West Indies 4-Day Championship]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Western Australia men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Western Province men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;''[[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack]]'' : Short stub, but okay for now. One reference only. :;[[Yorkshire men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. =====Low===== :;[[2011 ICC Men's Cricket World Cup]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[2023 ICC Men's Cricket World Cup]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[2024–25 Major League Tournament]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[2027 ICC Men's Cricket World Cup]] : Started, and referenced. Does need to be watched. :;[[Ace Capital Cricket Club]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Andy Flower]] : Stub created to retain [[:Category:Zimbabwean cricketers]]. Referenced. :;[[Bangladesh Premier League]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Barbados men's cricket team]] : Stub. Referenced. Okay for now. :;[[Barbados women's cricket team]] : Stub. Referenced. Okay for now. :;[[Bloomfield Cricket and Athletic Club]] : Stub. Referenced. Okay for now. :;[[Bulawayo Athletic Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Chittagong Divisional Stadium]] : Okay. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[College Park, Dublin]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Colombo Strikers]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Cricket: A Weekly Record of the Game]] : Started. Needs more content. Referenced. :;[[Dambulla Sixers]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Dhaka Capitals]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Durbar Rajshahi]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Ekana Cricket Stadium]] : Okay. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[Faisalabad cricket team]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be checked and expanded. Referenced. :;[[Fortune Barisal]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Galle Marvels]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Guyana men's cricket team]] : Stub. Single reference. Okay for now. :;[[Heath Streak]] : Stub created to retain [[:Category:Zimbabwean cricketers]]. Referenced. :;[[History of cricket in India]] : Has been rescued. Currently about the 18th century only. Referenced. :;[[ICC Men's Cricket World Cup]] : Started and referenced. :;[[ICC Women's Cricket World Cup]] : Intro only. Expand in due course. Referenced. :;[[ICC World Test Championship]] : Update and expand. Referenced. :;[[Jaffna Kings]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Jamaica men's cricket team]] : Stub. Single reference. Okay for now. :;[[John Traicos]] : Currently a redirect to the Zimbabwe list, but should probably be an article given his dual international career. :;[[Kandy Falcons]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Lahore Stadium]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[Lanka Premier League]] : Intro only. Expand in due course. Referenced. :;[[List A cricket]] : Okay for the short-to-medium term. Could do with expansion in due course. :;[[Logan Cup]] : Intro only. Expand in due course. Referenced. :;[[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]] : Not bad. Referenced. :;[[Major League Tournament]] : Intro only. Expand in due course. Referenced. :;[[Mike Findlay]] : Stub created to launch [[:Category:Vincentian cricketers]]. Referenced. :;[[Multan men's cricket team]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[Narendra Modi Stadium]] : Needs expansion. Quite well referenced. :;[[National Stadium, Dhaka]] : Bare stub. Must be expanded. Referenced. :;[[National Stadium, Karachi]] : Bare stub. Must be expanded. One reference only. :;[[Nepal men's national cricket team]] : Not bad, but could do with some copyediting. Referenced. :;[[Nevill Ground]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. One reference only. :;[[North Marine Road]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. One reference only. :;[[Peshawar men's cricket team]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. One reference only. :;[[Rawalpindi men's cricket team]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[Richie Benaud]] : Not bad as a start. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[Shaheed Veer Narayan Singh International Cricket Stadium]] : Out of date. Referenced. Needs attention. :;[[Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium]] : Not bad as a start. To be improved and expanded. Referenced. :;[[Stormont Cricket Ground]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[The Village, Malahide]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Trinidad and Tobago men's cricket team]] : Stub. Single reference. Okay for now. :;[[Winston Davis]] : Stub created to launch [[:Category:Vincentian cricketers]]. Referenced. :;[[Zimbabwe women's national cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. ====Lists==== :;[[:Template:International cricketers]] : Using this as the guideline for restructuring the indiscriminate lists of players which are masses of redlinks and useless statistics. [[List of Zimbabwe men's international cricketers]] is complete as the model. [[List of Sri Lanka men's international cricketers]] and [[List of Australia women's international cricketers]] have been started. Separate Test, ODI, and T20I lists are being merged, and then split into two parts—former and active players, with application of [[w:WP:LSC]]. To minimise maintenance, active players state debut years only and do not include matches played. It helps that England and Pakistan have Test cricket lists only. :;[[List of Zimbabwe men's international cricketers]] : Complete. This is the model for all player lists, split between active and former. Low maintenance, and minimal redlinks. :;[[List of Australia women's international cricketers]] : Work in progress. Template built, but only two players as yet. Referenced. :;[[List of India women's international cricketers]] : Created using Aussie template. Two players in place. Referenced. :;[[List of Sri Lanka men's international cricketers]] : Work in progress. Template built, but only two players as yet. Referenced. * ''See lists.txt for the rest''. rxg6ly3veeedbh7gto9mf24vzj7t9ry 10368348 10368305 2025-07-02T22:13:18Z BlackJack 572554 /* Articles */ICC to attention needed 10368348 wikitext text/x-wiki <table> <tr><center>'''[[User:BlackJack/Books|books]] | [[User:BlackJack/useful|useful]] | [[User:BlackJack/sandbox|sandbox]] | [[User:BlackJack/box1|workshop1]] | [[User:BlackJack/box2|workshop2]] | [[User:BlackJack/box3|workshop3]] | [[User:BlackJack/box4|workshop4]] | [[User:BlackJack/box5|workshop5]] | [[User:BlackJack/box6|workshop6]] | [[User:BlackJack/archives|archives]]'''</center> </tr> </table> <hr /> <table style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px"> <tr><td><hr/><center>'''Gallery'''</center></td></tr> <tr><td><center>[[Image:Blackjack.jpg|thumb|center|Blackjack! The face cards (Jack, Queen, and King) count as 10 points, and the Ace counts as 1 or 11.]]</center></td></tr> <tr><td><center>[[Image:BJackII.jpg|thumb|center|United States Government's 1875 reissue of the original 1863 "[[Andrew Jackson|Black Jack]]" postage stamp, depicting [[Andrew Jackson]].]]</center></td></tr> <tr><td><center>{{SA-appbook}}</center></td></tr> <tr><td><hr/><center>'''About me'''</center></td></tr> <tr><td>{{User name|Jack}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Cats}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User British}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Yorkshire}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Scottish}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User British Counties}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Wikipedian For|year=2005|month=7|day=31}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Cricket}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Liverpool FC}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Scotland football}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Westerns}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User:Tanthanyes/Userboxes/Greek History}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User WWII}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Wine}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User nonsmoker}}</td></tr> <tr><td></td></tr> <tr><td><hr/><center>'''Userboxes'''</center></td></tr> <tr><td>{{User userboxes}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User End}}</td></tr> </div> </td></tr></table></td></tr> </table> __NOTOC__ {{SA-yeoman}} <br /> <table>''' <tr><center>'''''For the field is full of shades as I near the shadowy coast,<br> [[Image:Bowling shadow figure.png|100px]] '''''And a ghostly batsman plays to the bowling of a ghost, [[Image:Batting shadow figure.png|100px]] <br><br> '''''And I look through my tears on a soundless-clapping host<br> :::::::::::::::'''''As the run-stealers flicker to and fro,<br> :::::::::::::::::::::::::'''''To and fro</center> </tr> </table> <br /> ===Hello=== Hello, I'm Jack. I'm English, and mostly interested in 🏏 [[cricket]]. You've probably guessed that after seeing the lines above, which are from a poem called ''[[Cricket poetry#At Lord's|At Lord's]]'' by [[Francis Thompson]] (1859–1907). I'm also interested in ⚽️ [[association football|football]], 📫 [[philately|postage stamps]], and [[history|historical subjects]]. Glad to be here—please [[User talk:BlackJack|give me a shout]] if you think I might be able to help you. ==Cricket: work in progress== ===Categories=== :;[[:Category:Cricket]] (13 C, 14 P) : This had to be rebuilt from scratch because it lacked any coherent structure, and did not provide navigation. Now satisfactory, as things stand, but some of the subcategories must be considered flexible, pending expansion of coverage. The articles in this root category are the ''key subjects only'', and that excludes all teams and individuals. The fundamentals are [[Cricket]] itself, and [[Glossary of terms used in cricket]], which both need considerable development. The other twelve include the primary skills, objectives, and match necessities. Also of major importance are ''[[The Laws of Cricket]]'' and the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC). There is perhaps one oddball—[[Comparison of baseball and cricket]]—but it should be considered a fundamental topic. :;[[:Category:Cricket by continent]] (5 C) : Subcategories only. :;[[:Category:Cricket by country]] (14 C) : Subcategories only. :;[[:Category:Cricket competitions]] (3 C) : Subcategories only. :;[[:Category:Forms of cricket]] (3 C, 5 P) : The seven main articles all need attention. :;[[:Category:Cricket grounds]] (5 C) : '''Priority''' is one subcategory per major country. All stadium articles need attention. :;[[:Category:History of cricket]] (3 P) : No development yet. Should eventually become subcategories only. :;[[:Category:International cricket teams]] (2 C) : Subcategories only. :;[[:Category:Cricket lists]] (1 C) : Subcategories only. Functional use. There have been far too many lists. :;[[:Category:Cricket media]] (3 P) : Likely to remain a small category only, but a necessary one. :;[[:Category:Cricketers by nationality]] (17 C) : Subcategories reduced from 38 to 17, though perhaps 25 would be reasonable. These are the twelve Test nations plus Canada, Netherlands, Nepal, Scotland, and Other Nationalities. There were a total of 719 player articles until 14 June, mainly indiscriminate micro-stubs with little hope of development, including many about players who lack notability. The total has been reduced to a more manageable 613, by removing those from the minor T20 countries. Even among the Test nations, there could well be a hundred others who should also go. Options are [[WP:RFD]] for the non-notables, or [[w:WP:ATD-R]] for the permanent stubs. The latter will need suitable player list articles, and these will require [[w:WP:LSC]] to reduce the [[redlink]]s. :;[[:Category:Cricket teams]] (10 C) : All categories installed. Create remaining team articles in due course. :;[[:Category:Terminology of cricket]] (9 P) : A necessity, but its size will depend on how the glossary develops. Has nine short articles currently, but at least four of them should really be in the glossary only. Need to create more permanents. :;[[:Category:Cricket templates]] (3 C, 11 P) : Technical use only. No problems here after one "current squad" was deleted at RfD. ===Articles=== ====Attention needed==== :;[[Bowling (cricket)|Bowling]] : Issues galore. A lot of work needed, plus references. :;[[Marylebone Cricket Club]] : Two rubbish sentences. Also unreferenced. :;[[Pelham Warner]] : Could qualify as a nonsense QD. :;[[International Cricket Council]] : Tables need to be restructured and corrected (or deleted). A major omission is ODI status. :;[[Twenty20 International]] : An unsourced list of teams. :;[[Bat-and-ball games]] : Needs to be rewritten. Good sources for club-ball are Altham and Major. Restore 1 May 2020 version and develop that. ====Rewrite or create==== :;[[Australia men's national cricket team]] : :;[[Australia women's national cricket team]] : :;[[Bangladesh men's national cricket team]] : A mess. :;[[England men's cricket team]] : :;[[England women's cricket team]] : :;[[India men's national cricket team]] : :;[[India women's national cricket team]] : Rescued by means of a split, but needs rewrite. :;[[Ireland men's cricket team]] : A mess. :;[[Ireland women's cricket team]] : :;[[Netherlands women's national cricket team]] : :;[[New Zealand men's national cricket team]] : :;[[New Zealand women's national cricket team]] : :;[[Pakistan men's national cricket team]] : :;[[Pakistan women's national cricket team]] : :;[[Papua New Guinea women's national cricket team]] : :;[[Scotland men's national cricket team]] : :;[[Scotland women's national cricket team]] : :;[[South Africa men's national cricket team]] : Update. Referenced. :;[[Sri Lanka men's national cricket team]] : :;[[Sri Lanka women's national cricket team]] : :;[[Thailand women's national cricket team]] : :;[[United Arab Emirates women's national cricket team]] : :;[[United States women's national cricket team]] : :;[[West Indies men's cricket team]] : Rewrite and find better references. :;[[West Indies women's cricket team]] : :;[[Zimbabwe men's national cricket team]] : ====To be reviewed==== :;[[C. Aubrey Smith]] : Bad article, though it does have some references. :;[[First-class cricket]] : Has a definition, but little else. Needs to be simplified somewhat, and more references. A lot of work needed. :;[[History of cricket]] : One inaccurate, and sloppy, short paragraph only. Start from scratch. :;[[India men’s national under-19 cricket team]] : Unsourced. Possible RfD? :;[[Test cricket]] : Lacks coherence and is badly structured. :;[[The Gabba]] : Short stub which needs to be improved and expanded. One reference only. Rename? :;[[The Ashes]] : Needs enough expansion to provide at least a half-decent historical summary. :;[[The Women's Ashes]] : A mess. :;[[W. G. Grace]] : Article is a partial, and poor, extract from the enwiki version. Has some references which must be checked. :;[[Xavier Marshall]] : Bad stub. Has already had a preliminary cleanup, but there is more to be done. ====Priorities==== =====Top===== :;[[Cricket]] : Review the pitch section, and synchronise its terminology with the glossary. Umpires and scorers next. :;[[Glossary of terms used in cricket]] : Review everything that occurs in [[Cricket#The pitch]]. :;''[[The Laws of Cricket]]'' : A case of "so far, so good", but it is only a historical summary. =====High===== :;[[Batting (cricket)|Batting]] : Okay on the whole, for now. Could use a few more references. :;[[Comparison of baseball and cricket]] : Common history section needs cricket sources to complement David Block. Altham and Major? :;[[Dismissal (cricket)|Dismissal]] : Essentials are there, but everything is very brief. A complete rewrite has been necessary. Much more to do. :;[[Fielding (cricket)|Fielding]] : Has been rewritten, but only as a useful intro. Needs references first, and then more about the main positions. :;[[Innings]] : Getting there, but it does need references. :;[[Pitch (cricket)|Pitch]] : Content-wise, this is not far off, but it needs citations which will mostly be from the Laws. Check Glossary. :;[[Scoring (cricket)|Scoring]] : Rewritten. Also restructured to accept three key merges. To be expanded. :;[[Umpire (cricket)|Umpire]] : Started with references. Need to link DRS to its eventual home. :;[[Wicket-keeper]] : Started with references. Much more needed. =====Medium===== :;[[Adelaide Oval]] : To be expanded. One reference only. :;[[Auckland men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Bangladesh women's national cricket team]] : Stub. Referenced. Okay for now. :;[[Barisal Division men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Basin Reserve]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Bengal men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Canada men's national cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Canterbury men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Central Districts men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Chittagong Division men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Colombo Cricket Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Colts Cricket Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[County Championship]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[CSA 4-Day Series]] : Started, but has only one reference. :;[[Delhi men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Derbyshire men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Dhaka Division men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Don Bradman]] : Has already been cleaned and copyedited. Okay for the present. Referenced. :;[[Eden Park]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Edgbaston Cricket Ground]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Galle International Stadium]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Gary Sobers]] : Made a start. Referenced. :;[[Gauteng men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Glamorgan men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Gloucestershire men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Hagley Oval]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Harare Sports Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Headingley Stadium]] : Commenced rewrite. Referenced. :;[[Jack Hobbs]] : Okay for the present, but will need improvement. Referenced. :;[[Kensington Oval]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Kingsmead Cricket Ground]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[KwaZulu-Natal Coastal men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Lord's]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Mashonaland Eagles]] : Started, referenced. :;[[Matabeleland Tuskers]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Melbourne Cricket Ground]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. One reference only. :;[[Mid West Rhinos]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Moors Sports Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Mountaineers cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Mumbai men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[National Cricket League]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[New South Wales men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Newlands Cricket Ground]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Nondescripts Cricket Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Northern Districts men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Old Trafford Cricket Ground]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[One Day International]] : Completely rewritten, but still only an introduction. Presently okay as a summary. :;[[Otago men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Plunket Shield]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Quaid-e-Azam Trophy]] : Started, and referenced. Has links to all contesting teams. :;[[Queen's Park Oval]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Queens Sports Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Queensland men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Ranji Trophy]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[R. Premadasa Stadium]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Sabina Park]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Sheffield Shield]] : Update and expand. Referenced. :;[[Single wicket cricket]] : Rescued and rewritten, but it needs a thorough review. Find better references. :;[[Sinhalese Sports Club Cricket Ground]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[South Africa women's national cricket team]] : Not bad as a start. To be improved and expanded. Referenced. :;[[South Australia men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Southern Rocks]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Surrey men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Sydney Cricket Ground]] : Commenced rewrite. Referenced. :;[[Tasmania men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[The Oval]] : Rescued, rewritten, and referenced. :;[[Trent Bridge]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Twenty20]] : Not bad as an introduction. Okay for the present, but it will need to be expanded in due course. :;[[United States men's national cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Victoria men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Wanderers Stadium]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Wellington men's cricket team]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[West Indies 4-Day Championship]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Western Australia men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[Western Province men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. :;''[[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack]]'' : Short stub, but okay for now. One reference only. :;[[Yorkshire men's cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. =====Low===== :;[[2011 ICC Men's Cricket World Cup]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[2023 ICC Men's Cricket World Cup]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[2024–25 Major League Tournament]] : Started, and referenced. :;[[2027 ICC Men's Cricket World Cup]] : Started, and referenced. Does need to be watched. :;[[Ace Capital Cricket Club]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Andy Flower]] : Stub created to retain [[:Category:Zimbabwean cricketers]]. Referenced. :;[[Bangladesh Premier League]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Barbados men's cricket team]] : Stub. Referenced. Okay for now. :;[[Barbados women's cricket team]] : Stub. Referenced. Okay for now. :;[[Bloomfield Cricket and Athletic Club]] : Stub. Referenced. Okay for now. :;[[Bulawayo Athletic Club]] : Stub, referenced. :;[[Chittagong Divisional Stadium]] : Okay. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[College Park, Dublin]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Colombo Strikers]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Cricket: A Weekly Record of the Game]] : Started. Needs more content. Referenced. :;[[Dambulla Sixers]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Dhaka Capitals]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Durbar Rajshahi]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Ekana Cricket Stadium]] : Okay. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[Faisalabad cricket team]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be checked and expanded. Referenced. :;[[Fortune Barisal]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Galle Marvels]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Guyana men's cricket team]] : Stub. Single reference. Okay for now. :;[[Heath Streak]] : Stub created to retain [[:Category:Zimbabwean cricketers]]. Referenced. :;[[History of cricket in India]] : Has been rescued. Currently about the 18th century only. Referenced. :;[[ICC Men's Cricket World Cup]] : Started and referenced. :;[[ICC Women's Cricket World Cup]] : Intro only. Expand in due course. Referenced. :;[[ICC World Test Championship]] : Update and expand. Referenced. :;[[Jaffna Kings]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Jamaica men's cricket team]] : Stub. Single reference. Okay for now. :;[[John Traicos]] : Currently a redirect to the Zimbabwe list, but should probably be an article given his dual international career. :;[[Kandy Falcons]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Lahore Stadium]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[Lanka Premier League]] : Intro only. Expand in due course. Referenced. :;[[List A cricket]] : Okay for the short-to-medium term. Could do with expansion in due course. :;[[Logan Cup]] : Intro only. Expand in due course. Referenced. :;[[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]] : Not bad. Referenced. :;[[Major League Tournament]] : Intro only. Expand in due course. Referenced. :;[[Mike Findlay]] : Stub created to launch [[:Category:Vincentian cricketers]]. Referenced. :;[[Multan men's cricket team]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[Narendra Modi Stadium]] : Needs expansion. Quite well referenced. :;[[National Stadium, Dhaka]] : Bare stub. Must be expanded. Referenced. :;[[National Stadium, Karachi]] : Bare stub. Must be expanded. One reference only. :;[[Nepal men's national cricket team]] : Not bad, but could do with some copyediting. Referenced. :;[[Nevill Ground]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. One reference only. :;[[North Marine Road]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. One reference only. :;[[Peshawar men's cricket team]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. One reference only. :;[[Rawalpindi men's cricket team]] : Short stub, but not bad. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[Richie Benaud]] : Not bad as a start. To be expanded. Referenced. :;[[Shaheed Veer Narayan Singh International Cricket Stadium]] : Out of date. Referenced. Needs attention. :;[[Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium]] : Not bad as a start. To be improved and expanded. Referenced. :;[[Stormont Cricket Ground]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[The Village, Malahide]] : Stub. Referenced. :;[[Trinidad and Tobago men's cricket team]] : Stub. Single reference. Okay for now. :;[[Winston Davis]] : Stub created to launch [[:Category:Vincentian cricketers]]. Referenced. :;[[Zimbabwe women's national cricket team]] : Started, and referenced. ====Lists==== :;[[:Template:International cricketers]] : Using this as the guideline for restructuring the indiscriminate lists of players which are masses of redlinks and useless statistics. [[List of Zimbabwe men's international cricketers]] is complete as the model. [[List of Sri Lanka men's international cricketers]] and [[List of Australia women's international cricketers]] have been started. Separate Test, ODI, and T20I lists are being merged, and then split into two parts—former and active players, with application of [[w:WP:LSC]]. To minimise maintenance, active players state debut years only and do not include matches played. It helps that England and Pakistan have Test cricket lists only. :;[[List of Zimbabwe men's international cricketers]] : Complete. This is the model for all player lists, split between active and former. Low maintenance, and minimal redlinks. :;[[List of Australia women's international cricketers]] : Work in progress. Template built, but only two players as yet. Referenced. :;[[List of India women's international cricketers]] : Created using Aussie template. Two players in place. Referenced. :;[[List of Sri Lanka men's international cricketers]] : Work in progress. Template built, but only two players as yet. Referenced. * ''See lists.txt for the rest''. ap9jo99fxcftin2zmdj3iml1iiterwy 14 1188507 10367734 10358357 2025-07-02T14:22:30Z EmausBot 111904 Bot: 1 interwiki links moved, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q110950237]] 10367734 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Movies by producer|Cheadle, Don]] [[Category:Don Cheadle]] f2z31xur5wdmfmptr8aishvfh54s4ce 0 1188651 10368892 10323964 2025-07-03T03:53:40Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football league | name = Scottish Professional Football League (SPFL) | logo = [[File:Flag of Scotland.svg|250px]] | pixels = | country = Scotland | confed = [[UEFA]] | founded = {{start date and age|df=yes|2013}} | divisions = [[Scottish Premiership]]<br/>[[Scottish Championship]]<br/>[[Scottish League One]]<br/>[[Scottish League Two]] | teams = 42 | promotion = | relegation = [[Highland Football League]]<br/>[[Lowland Football League]] | levels = 1–4 | pyramid = Scottish football league system | domest_cup = [[Scottish Cup]]<br/>[[Scottish League Cup]]<br/>[[Scottish Challenge Cup]] | confed_cup = [[UEFA Champions League]]<br/>[[UEFA Europa League]]<br/>[[UEFA Conference League]] | most successful club = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (11 titles) | champions = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] | season = [[2024–25 Scottish Professional Football League|2024–25]] | tv = [[Sky Sports]]<br/>[[Premier Sports]]<br/>[[BBC Scotland]]<br/>[[BBC|BBC Alba]] | website = {{URL|http://www.spfl.co.uk/|spfl.co.uk}} | current = [[2025–26 Scottish Professional Football League]] }} The '''Scottish Professional Football League''' ('''SPFL''') is the national men's [[association football]] league in [[Scotland]]. The league was formed after the merger of the [[Scottish Premier League]] and the [[Scottish Football League]] in June 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/23079880|title=The new Scottish Professional Football League survives hitch|website=[[BBC Sport]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=28 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/22864944|title=SFL clubs vote in favour of merger with SPL|publisher=[[BBC]]|website=[[BBC Sport]]|date=12 June 2013}}</ref> The league consists of the top four levels of the Scottish football, the [[Scottish Premiership]], [[Scottish Championship]], [[Scottish League One]] and [[Scottish League Two]]. The league also operates two cup competitions, the [[Scottish League Cup]] and the [[Scottish Challenge Cup]]. The [[Scottish Cup]] includes all the teams within the SPFL, but it's is run and organised by the [[Scottish Football Association]] ('''SFA'''). ==Champions== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Season ! Premiership ! Championship ! League One ! League Two |- | [[2013–14 Scottish Professional Football League|2013–14]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] | [[Dundee F.C.|Dundee]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] | [[Peterhead F.C.|Peterhead]] |- | [[2014–15 Scottish Professional Football League|2014–15]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (2) | [[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Heart of Midlothian]] | [[Greenock Morton F.C.|Greenock Morton]] | [[Albion Rovers F.C.|Albion Rovers]] |- | [[2015–16 Scottish Professional Football League|2015–16]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (3) | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] | [[Dunfermline Athletic F.C.|Dunfermline Athletic]] | [[East Fife F.C.|East Fife]] |- | [[2016–17 Scottish Professional Football League|2016–17]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (4) | [[Hibernian F.C.|Hibernian]] | [[Livingston F.C.|Livingston]] | [[Arbroath F.C.|Arbroath]] |- | [[2017–18 Scottish Professional Football League|2017–18]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (5) | [[St Mirren F.C.|St Mirren]] | [[Ayr United F.C.|Ayr United]] | [[Montrose F.C.|Montrose]] |- | [[2018–19 Scottish Professional Football League|2018–19]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (6) | [[Ross County F.C.|Ross County]] | [[Arbroath F.C.|Arbroath]] | [[Peterhead F.C.|Peterhead]] (2) |- | [[2019–20 Scottish Professional Football League|2019–20]]{{efn-ua|The 2019–20 season was suspended in March 2020 due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland]]. The season was subsequently curtailed, and points per game averages were used to calculate final tables.<ref name=ends20>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/52646282|title=Celtic champions & Hearts relegated after SPFL ends season|website=[[BBC Sport]]|date=18 May 2020}}</ref>}} | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (7) | [[Dundee United F.C.|Dundee United]] | [[Raith Rovers F.C.|Raith Rovers]] | [[Cove Rangers F.C.|Cove Rangers]] |- | [[2020–21 Scottish Professional Football League|2020–21]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] | [[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Heart of Midlothian]] (2) | [[Partick Thistle F.C.|Partick Thistle]] | [[Queen's Park F.C.|Queen's Park]] |- | [[2021–22 Scottish Professional Football League|2021–22]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (8) | [[Kilmarnock F.C.|Kilmarnock]] | [[Cove Rangers F.C.|Cove Rangers]] | [[Kelty Hearts F.C.|Kelty Hearts]] |- | [[2022–23 Scottish Professional Football League|2022–23]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (9) | [[Dundee F.C.|Dundee]] (2) | [[Dunfermline Athletic F.C.|Dunfermline Athletic]] (2) | [[Stirling Albion F.C.|Stirling Albion]] |- | [[2023–24 Scottish Professional Football League|2023–24]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (10) | [[Dundee United F.C.|Dundee United]] (2) | [[Falkirk F.C.|Falkirk]] | [[Stenhousemuir F.C.|Stenhousemuir]] |- | [[2024–25 Scottish Professional Football League|2024–25]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (11) | [[Falkirk F.C.|Falkirk]] | [[Arbroath F.C.|Arbroath]] (2) | [[Peterhead F.C.|Peterhead]] (3) |- |} ==Promotion/relegation play-off winners== Clubs in '''bold''' are those who were promoted from the lower to the higher tier. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Season ! Premiership / Championship ! Championship / League One ! League One / League Two ! League Two / Regional Leagues |- | [[2013–14 Scottish Professional Football League|2013–14]] | '''[[Hamilton Academical F.C.|Hamilton Academical]]''' | [[Cowdenbeath F.C.|Cowdenbeath]] | '''[[Stirling Albion F.C.|Stirling Albion]]''' | {{N/A}} |- | [[2014–15 Scottish Professional Football League|2014–15]] | [[Motherwell F.C.|Motherwell]] | [[Alloa Athletic F.C.|Alloa Athletic]] | [[Stenhousemuir F.C.|Stenhousemuir]] | [[Montrose F.C.|Montrose]] |- | [[2015–16 Scottish Professional Football League|2015–16]] | [[Kilmarnock F.C.|Kilmarnock]] | '''[[Ayr United F.C.|Ayr United]]''' | '''[[Queen's Park F.C.|Queen's Park]]''' | '''[[Edinburgh City F.C.|Edinburgh City]]''' ^L |- | [[2016–17 Scottish Professional Football League|2016–17]] | [[Hamilton Academical F.C.|Hamilton Academical]] | '''[[Brechin City F.C.|Brechin City]]''' | '''[[Forfar Athletic F.C.|Forfar Athletic]]''' | [[Cowdenbeath F.C.|Cowdenbeath]] |- | [[2017–18 Scottish Professional Football League|2017–18]] | '''[[Livingston F.C.|Livingston]]''' | '''[[Alloa Athletic F.C.|Alloa Athletic]]''' | '''[[Stenhousemuir F.C.|Stenhousemuir]]''' | [[Cowdenbeath F.C.|Cowdenbeath]] |- | [[2018–19 Scottish Professional Football League|2018–19]] | [[St Mirren F.C.|St Mirren]] | [[Queen of the South F.C.|Queen of the South]] | '''[[Clyde F.C.|Clyde]]''' | '''[[Cove Rangers F.C.|Cove Rangers]]''' ^H |- | [[2019–20 Scottish Professional Football League|2019–20]]{{efn-ua|The 2019–20 season was suspended in March 2020 due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland]]. The season was subsequently curtailed, and no playoff matches were played.<ref name="ends20"/>}} | {{N/A}} | {{N/A}} | {{N/A}} | {{N/A}} |- | [[2020–21 Scottish Professional Football League|2020–21]] | '''[[Dundee F.C.|Dundee]]''' | [[Greenock Morton F.C.|Greenock Morton]] | [[Dumbarton F.C.|Dumbarton]] | '''[[Kelty Hearts F.C.|Kelty Hearts]]''' ^L |- | [[2021–22 Scottish Professional Football League|2021–22]] | [[St Johnstone F.C.|St Johnstone]] | '''[[Queen's Park F.C.|Queen's Park]]''' | '''[[Edinburgh City F.C.|Edinburgh City]]''' | '''[[Bonnyrigg Rose F.C.|Bonnyrigg Rose]]''' ^L |- | [[2022–23 Scottish Professional Football League|2022–23]] | [[Ross County F.C.|Ross County]] | '''[[Airdrieonians F.C.|Airdrieonians]]''' | '''[[Annan Athletic F.C.|Annan Athletic]]''' | '''[[The Spartans F.C.|The Spartans]]''' ^L |- | [[2023–24 Scottish Professional Football League|2023–24]] | [[Ross County F.C.|Ross County]] | '''[[Hamilton Academical F.C.|Hamilton Academical]]''' | '''[[Dumbarton F.C.|Dumbarton]]''' | [[Stranraer F.C.|Stranraer]] |- | [[2024–25 Scottish Professional Football League|2024–25]] | '''[[Livingston F.C.|Livingston]]''' | [[Airdrieonians F.C.|Airdrieonians]] | '''[[East Fife F.C.|East Fife]]''' | '''[[East Kilbride F.C.|East Kilbride]]''' ^L |- |} :^H Club promoted from the [[Highland Football League]]. :^L Club promoted from the [[Lowland Football League]]. ==Notes== {{notelist-ua}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [https://spfl.co.uk/ Official website] {{Scottish Professional Football League}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scottish Professional Football League}} [[Category:Scottish Football League]] 01swpalf3nyngtqooof5v68rnmdtb9p 0 1188675 10368891 10323961 2025-07-03T03:53:31Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football tournament | logo = [[File:Premier Sports Cup Large Landscape Identity Positive on Black.png|230px]] | founded = 1946 | region = Scotland | number of teams = | current champions = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]<br/>(22nd title) | most successful team = [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]]<br/>(28 titles) | broadcasters = [[Premier Sports]] | website = [https://spfl.co.uk/league/league-cup spfl.co.uk] | current = [[2025–26 Scottish League Cup]] }} The '''Scottish League Cup''', currentky known as the '''Premier Sports Cup''' for sponsorship reasons, is a football competition that is open to all members [[Scottish Professional Football League]] ('''SPFL'''). The first League Cup was held in 1946–47 and is the oldest national League cup. The competition used to have a straight knockout format but became a group and knockout competition from 2016–17 season.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35031970|title=SPFL to launch new League Cup format and winter break|work=[[BBC Sport]]|date=7 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35603501|title=Scottish League Cup final returns to November date|work=[[BBC Sport]]|date=18 February 2016}}</ref> ==Finals== ===Key=== {| class="wikitable" |- | (R) | Replay |- | bgcolor=#CEF2E0| * | Match went to [[extra time]] |- | bgcolor=#cedff2| † | Match decided by a [[Penalty shoot-out|penalty shootout]] after extra time |- | ''Italics'' | Team from outside the top [[Scottish Professional Football League|level of Scottish football]] |} ===Results=== {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center;" |- ! scope=col| Season ! scope=col| Winner ! scope=col| Score ! scope=col| Runner-up ! scope=col| Venue ! scope=col| Attendance ! scope=col| Notes |- | [[1946–47 Scottish League Cup|1946–47]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] (1) | [[1947 Scottish League Cup final (April)|4–0]] | [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 82,700 | <ref name="SLCWinners">{{cite web|url=https://spfl.co.uk/league/league-cup/winners|title=Scottish League Cup Finals|publisher=[[Scottish Professional Football League]]|website=spfl.co.uk}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2"| [[1947–48 Scottish League Cup|1947–48]] | rowspan="2"| ''[[East Fife F.C.|East Fife]]'' (1) | bgcolor=#CEF2E0| {{0}} [[1947 Scottish League Cup final (October)|0–0]] * | rowspan="2"| [[Falkirk F.C.|Falkirk]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 53,785 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1947 Scottish League Cup final (October)|4–1]] (R) | [[Hampden Park]] | 31,000 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1948–49 Scottish League Cup|1948–49]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] (2) | [[1949 Scottish League Cup final (March)|2–0]] | ''[[Raith Rovers F.C.|Raith Rovers]]'' | [[Hampden Park]] | 57,450 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1949–50 Scottish League Cup|1949–50]] | [[East Fife F.C.|East Fife]] (2) | [[1949 Scottish League Cup final (October)|3–0]] | ''[[Dunfermline Athletic F.C.|Dunfermline Athletic]]'' | [[Hampden Park]] | 39,744 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1950–51 Scottish League Cup|1950–51]] | [[Motherwell F.C.|Motherwell]] (1) | [[1950 Scottish League Cup final|3–0]] | [[Hibernian F.C.|Hibernian]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 64,074 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1951–52 Scottish League Cup|1951–52]] | [[Dundee F.C.|Dundee]] (1) | [[1951 Scottish League Cup final|3–2]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 92,325 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1952–53 Scottish League Cup|1952–53]] | [[Dundee F.C.|Dundee]] (2) | [[1952 Scottish League Cup final|2–0]] | ''[[Kilmarnock F.C.|Kilmarnock]]'' | [[Hampden Park]] | 51,830 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1953–54 Scottish League Cup|1953–54]] | [[East Fife F.C.|East Fife]] (3) | [[1953 Scottish League Cup final|3–2]] | [[Partick Thistle F.C.|Partick Thistle]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 38,529 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1954–55 Scottish League Cup|1954–55]] | [[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Heart of Midlothian]] (1) | [[1954 Scottish League Cup final|4–2]] | [[Motherwell F.C.|Motherwell]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 55,640 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1955–56 Scottish League Cup|1955–56]] | [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] (1) | [[1955 Scottish League Cup final|2–1]] | [[St Mirren F.C.|St Mirren]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 44,106 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | rowspan="2"| [[1956–57 Scottish League Cup|1956–57]] | rowspan="2"| [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (1) | bgcolor=#CEF2E0| {{0}} [[1956 Scottish League Cup final|0–0]] * | rowspan="2"| [[Partick Thistle F.C.|Partick Thistle]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 59,000 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1956 Scottish League Cup final|3–0]] (R) | [[Hampden Park]] | 31,000 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1957–58 Scottish League Cup|1957–58]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (2) | [[1957 Scottish League Cup final|7–1]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 82,293 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1958–59 Scottish League Cup|1958–59]] | [[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Heart of Midlothian]] (2) | [[1958 Scottish League Cup final|5–1]] | [[Partick Thistle F.C.|Partick Thistle]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 59,690 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1959–60 Scottish League Cup|1959–60]] | [[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Heart of Midlothian]] (3) | [[1959 Scottish League Cup final|2–1]] | [[Third Lanark A.C.|Third Lanark]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 57,994 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1960–61 Scottish League Cup|1960–61]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] (3) | [[1960 Scottish League Cup final|2–0]] | [[Kilmarnock F.C.|Kilmarnock]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 82,063 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | rowspan="2"| [[1961–62 Scottish League Cup|1961–62]] | rowspan="2"| [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] (4) | bgcolor=#CEF2E0| {{0}} [[1961 Scottish League Cup final|1–1]] * | rowspan="2"| [[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Heart of Midlothian]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 88,000 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1961 Scottish League Cup final|3–1]] (R) | [[Hampden Park]] | 47,500 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1962–63 Scottish League Cup|1962–63]] | [[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Heart of Midlothian]] (4) | [[1962 Scottish League Cup final|1–0]] | [[Kilmarnock F.C.|Kilmarnock]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 51,000 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1963–64 Scottish League Cup|1963–64]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] (5) | [[1963 Scottish League Cup final|5–0]] | ''[[Greenock Morton F.C.|Morton]]'' | [[Hampden Park]] | 105,907 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1964–65 Scottish League Cup|1964–65]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] (6) | [[1964 Scottish League Cup final|2–1]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 91,423 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1965–66 Scottish League Cup|1965–66]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (3) | [[1965 Scottish League Cup final|2–1]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 107,609 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1966–67 Scottish League Cup|1966–67]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (4) | [[1966 Scottish League Cup final|1–0]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 94,532 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1967–68 Scottish League Cup|1967–68]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (5) | [[1967 Scottish League Cup final|5–3]] | [[Dundee F.C.|Dundee]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 70,000 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1968–69 Scottish League Cup|1968–69]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (6) | [[1969 Scottish League Cup final (April)|6–2]] | [[Hibernian F.C.|Hibernian]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 74,240 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1969–70 Scottish League Cup|1969–70]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (7) | [[1969 Scottish League Cup final (October)|1–0]] | [[St Johnstone F.C.|St Johnstone]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 73,067 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1970–71 Scottish League Cup|1970–71]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] (7) | [[1970 Scottish League Cup final|1–0]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 106,263 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1971–72 Scottish League Cup|1971–72]] | [[Partick Thistle F.C.|Partick Thistle]] (1) | [[1971 Scottish League Cup final|4–1]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 62,740 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1972–73 Scottish League Cup|1972–73]] | [[Hibernian F.C.|Hibernian]] (1) | [[1972 Scottish League Cup final|2–1]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 71,696 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1973–74 Scottish League Cup|1973–74]] | [[Dundee F.C.|Dundee]] (3) | [[1973 Scottish League Cup final|1–0]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 27,924 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1974–75 Scottish League Cup|1974–75]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (8) | [[1974 Scottish League Cup final|6–3]] | [[Hibernian F.C.|Hibernian]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 53,848 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1975–76 Scottish League Cup|1975–76]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] (8) | [[1975 Scottish League Cup final|1–0]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 58,806 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1976–77 Scottish League Cup|1976–77]] | [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] (2) | bgcolor=#CEF2E0| {{0}} [[1976 Scottish League Cup final|2–1]] * | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 69,707 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1977–78 Scottish League Cup|1977–78]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] (9) | bgcolor=#CEF2E0| {{0}} [[1978 Scottish League Cup final|2–1]] * | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 60,168 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1978–79 Scottish League Cup|1978–79]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] (10) | [[1979 Scottish League Cup final (March)|2–1]] | [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 54,000 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | rowspan="2"| [[1979–80 Scottish League Cup|1979–80]] | rowspan="2"| [[Dundee United F.C.|Dundee United]] (1) | bgcolor=#CEF2E0| {{0}} [[1979 Scottish League Cup final (December)|0–0]] * | rowspan="2"| [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 27,173 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1979 Scottish League Cup final (December)|3–0]] (R) | [[Dens Park]] | 28,933 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1980–81 Scottish League Cup|1980–81]] | [[Dundee United F.C.|Dundee United]] (2) | [[1980 Scottish League Cup final|3–0]] | ''[[Dundee F.C.|Dundee]]'' | [[Dens Park]] | 24,466 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1981–82 Scottish League Cup|1981–82]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] (11) | [[1981 Scottish League Cup final|2–1]] | [[Dundee United F.C.|Dundee United]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 53,777 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1982–83 Scottish League Cup|1982–83]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (9) | [[1982 Scottish League Cup final|2–1]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 55,572 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1983–84 Scottish League Cup|1983–84]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] (12) | bgcolor=#CEF2E0| {{0}} [[1984 Scottish League Cup final (March)|3–2]] * | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 66,369 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1984–85 Scottish League Cup|1984–85]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] (13) | [[1984 Scottish League Cup final (October)|1–0]] | [[Dundee United F.C.|Dundee United]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 44,698 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1985–86 Scottish League Cup|1985–86]] | [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] (3) | [[1985 Scottish League Cup final|3–0]] | [[Hibernian F.C.|Hibernian]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 40,061 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1986–87 Scottish League Cup|1986–87]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] (14) | [[1986 Scottish League Cup final|2–1]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 74,219 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1987–88 Scottish League Cup|1987–88]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] (15) | bgcolor=#cedff2| {{0}} [[1987 Scottish League Cup final|3–3]] † | [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 71,961 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1988–89 Scottish League Cup|1988–89]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] (16) | [[1988 Scottish League Cup final|3–2]] | [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 72,122 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1989–90 Scottish League Cup|1989–90]] | [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] (4) | bgcolor=#CEF2E0| {{0}} [[1989 Scottish League Cup final|2–1]] * | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 61,190 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1990–91 Scottish League Cup|1990–91]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] (17) | bgcolor=#CEF2E0| {{0}} [[1990 Scottish League Cup final|2–1]] * | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 62,817 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1991–92 Scottish League Cup|1991–92]] | [[Hibernian F.C.|Hibernian]] (2) | [[1991 Scottish League Cup final|2–0]] | [[Dunfermline Athletic F.C.|Dunfermline Athletic]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 40,377 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1992–93 Scottish League Cup|1992–93]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] (18) | bgcolor=#CEF2E0| {{0}} [[1992 Scottish League Cup final|2–1]] * | [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 54,298 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1993–94 Scottish League Cup|1993–94]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] (19) | [[1993 Scottish League Cup final|2–1]] | [[Hibernian F.C.|Hibernian]] | [[Celtic Park]] | 47,632 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1994–95 Scottish League Cup|1994–95]] | ''[[Raith Rovers F.C.|Raith Rovers]]'' (1) | bgcolor=#cedff2| {{0}} [[1994 Scottish League Cup final|2–2]] † | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] | [[Ibrox Stadium]] | 45,384 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1995–96 Scottish League Cup|1995–96]] | [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] (5) | [[1995 Scottish League Cup final|2–0]] | ''[[Dundee F.C.|Dundee]]'' | [[Hampden Park]] | 33,096 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1996–97 Scottish League Cup|1996–97]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] (20) | [[1996 Scottish League Cup final|4–3]] | [[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Heart of Midlothian]] | [[Celtic Park]] | 48,559 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1997–98 Scottish League Cup|1997–98]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (10) | [[1997 Scottish League Cup final|3–0]] | [[Dundee United F.C.|Dundee United]] | [[Ibrox Stadium]] | 49,305 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1998–99 Scottish League Cup|1998–99]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] (21) | [[1998 Scottish League Cup final|2–1]] | [[St Johnstone F.C.|St Johnstone]] | [[Celtic Park]] | 45,533 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[1999–2000 Scottish League Cup|1999–2000]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (11) | [[2000 Scottish League Cup final|2–0]] | [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 50,073 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[2000–01 Scottish League Cup|2000–01]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (12) | [[2001 Scottish League Cup final|3–0]] | [[Kilmarnock F.C.|Kilmarnock]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 48,830 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[2001–02 Scottish League Cup|2001–02]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] (22) | [[2002 Scottish League Cup final|4–0]] | ''[[Ayr United F.C.|Ayr United]]'' | [[Hampden Park]] | 50,076 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[2002–03 Scottish League Cup|2002–03]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] (23) | [[2003 Scottish League Cup final|2–1]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 52,000 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[2003–04 Scottish League Cup|2003–04]] | [[Livingston F.C.|Livingston]] (1) | [[2004 Scottish League Cup final|2–0]] | [[Hibernian F.C.|Hibernian]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 45,500 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[2004–05 Scottish League Cup|2004–05]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] (24) | [[2005 Scottish League Cup final|5–1]] | [[Motherwell F.C.|Motherwell]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 50,182 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[2005–06 Scottish League Cup|2005–06]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (13) | [[2006 Scottish League Cup final|3–0]] | [[Dunfermline Athletic F.C.|Dunfermline Athletic]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 50,090 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[2006–07 Scottish League Cup|2006–07]] | [[Hibernian F.C.|Hibernian]] (3) | [[2007 Scottish League Cup final|5–1]] | [[Kilmarnock F.C.|Kilmarnock]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 52,000 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[2007–08 Scottish League Cup|2007–08]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] (25) | bgcolor=#cedff2| {{0}} [[2008 Scottish League Cup final|2–2]] † | [[Dundee United F.C.|Dundee United]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 50,019 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[2008–09 Scottish League Cup|2008–09]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (14) | bgcolor=#CEF2E0| {{0}} [[2009 Scottish League Cup final|2–0]] * | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 51,193 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/> |- | [[2009–10 Scottish League Cup|2009–10]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] (26) | [[2010 Scottish League Cup final|1–0]] | [[St Mirren F.C.|St Mirren]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 44,538 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/mar/21/st-mirren-rangers-scottish-cup-final|title=Kenny Miller sees nine-man Rangers through to victory|work=The Guardian|date=21 March 2010}}</ref> |- | [[2010–11 Scottish League Cup|2010–11]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] (27) | bgcolor=#CEF2E0| {{0}} [[2011 Scottish League Cup final|2–1]] * | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 51,181 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/scot_cups/9428470.stm|title=Celtic 1-2 Rangers|work=BBC Sport|date=20 March 2011}}</ref> |- | [[2011–12 Scottish League Cup|2011–12]] | [[Kilmarnock F.C.|Kilmarnock]] (1) | [[2012 Scottish League Cup final|1–0]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 49,572 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/17330246|title=Celtic 0-1 Kilmarnock|work=BBC Sport|date=18 March 2012}}</ref> |- | [[2012–13 Scottish League Cup|2012–13]] | [[St Mirren F.C.|St Mirren]] (1) | [[2013 Scottish League Cup final|3–2]] | [[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Heart of Midlothian]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 44,036 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/21732267|title=St Mirren 3-2 Hearts|work=BBC Sport|date=17 March 2013}}</ref> |- | [[2013–14 Scottish League Cup|2013–14]] | [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] (6) | bgcolor=#cedff2| {{0}} [[2014 Scottish League Cup final|0–0]] † | [[Inverness Caledonian Thistle F.C.|Inverness CT]] | [[Celtic Park]] | 51,143 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/26502621|title=Aberdeen 0-0 Inverness CT (Aberdeen win 4-2 on penalties)|work=BBC Sport|date=16 March 2014}}</ref> |- | [[2014–15 Scottish League Cup|2014–15]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (15) | [[2015 Scottish League Cup final|2–0]] | [[Dundee United F.C.|Dundee United]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 49,259 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/31785677|title=Dundee Utd 0-2 Celtic|work=BBC Sport|date=15 March 2015}}</ref> |- | [[2015–16 Scottish League Cup|2015–16]] | [[Ross County F.C.|Ross County]] (1) | [[2016 Scottish League Cup final (March)|2–1]] | ''[[Hibernian F.C.|Hibernian]]'' | [[Hampden Park]] | 38,796 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35738631|title=Scottish League Cup final: Hibernian 1-2 Ross County|work=BBC Sport|date=13 March 2016}}</ref> |- | [[2016–17 Scottish League Cup|2016–17]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (16) | [[2016 Scottish League Cup final (November)|3–0]] | [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 49,629 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/38110297|title=Scottish League Cup final: Aberdeen 0-3 Celtic|work=BBC Sport|date=27 November 2016}}</ref> |- | [[2017–18 Scottish League Cup|2017–18]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (17) | [[2017 Scottish League Cup final|2–0]] | [[Motherwell F.C.|Motherwell]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 49,483 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42056522|title=Motherwell 0 - 2 Celtic|work=BBC Sport|date=26 November 2017}}</ref> |- | [[2018–19 Scottish League Cup|2018–19]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (18) | [[2018 Scottish League Cup final|1–0]] | [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 50,936 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46337733|title=Scottish League Cup final: Celtic 1-0 Aberdeen - Rodgers leads holders to seventh straight trophy|work=BBC Sport|date=2 December 2018}}</ref> |- | [[2019–20 Scottish League Cup|2019–20]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (19) | [[2019 Scottish League Cup final|1–0]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 51,117 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/50672183|title=Rangers 0-1 Celtic: Neil Lennon's side win fourth straight Scottish League Cup|work=BBC Sport|date=8 December 2019}}</ref> |- | [[2020–21 Scottish League Cup|2020–21]] | [[St Johnstone F.C.|St Johnstone]] (1) | [[2021 Scottish League Cup final (February)|1–0]] | [[Livingston F.C.|Livingston]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 0{{efn-ua|Attendance restricted due to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions.}} | <ref name="SLCWinners"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/56217717|title=Livingston 0-1 St Johnstone: Scottish League Cup clinched for first time by Perth side|work=BBC Sport|date=28 February 2021}}</ref> |- | [[2021–22 Scottish League Cup|2021–22]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (20) | [[2021 Scottish League Cup final (December)|2–1]] | [[Hibernian F.C.|Hibernian]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 48,540 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/59705941|title=Hibernian 1-2 Celtic: Kyogo Furuhashi inspires Celtic to League Cup win|work=BBC Sport|date=19 December 2021}}</ref> |- | [[2022–23 Scottish League Cup|2022–23]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (21) | [[2023 Scottish League Cup final (February)|2–1]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 49,529 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/64688959|title=Viaplay Cup final: Rangers and Celtic ready for Hampden showdown|work=BBC Sport|date=26 February 2023}}</ref> |- | [[2023–24 Scottish League Cup|2023–24]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] (28) | [[2023 Scottish League Cup final (December)|1–0]] | [[Rangers F.C.|Aberdeen]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 49,296 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/67684521|title=Rangers 1-0 Aberdeen: James Tavernier nets as Philippe Clement wins first silverware as Ibrox boss|work=BBC Sport|date=17 December 2023}}</ref> |- | [[2024–25 Scottish League Cup|2024–25]] | [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] (22) | bgcolor=cedff2| [[2024 Scottish League Cup final|3–3]] † | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] | [[Hampden Park]] | 49,420 | <ref name="SLCWinners"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cdd6e6yrr04t|title=Celtic beat Rangers on penalties to win epic six-goal League Cup final|work=BBC Sport|date=15 December 2024}}</ref> |} ===Performance by club=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" |- ! Team ! Winners ! Last win |- ! scope="row"| [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] | align=center| 28 | align=center| [[2023–24 Scottish League Cup|2023–24]] |- ! scope="row"| [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] | align=center| 22 | align=center| [[2024–25 Scottish League Cup|2024–25]] |- ! scope="row"| [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] | align=center| 6 | align=center| [[2013–14 Scottish League Cup|2013–14]] |- ! scope="row"| [[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Hearts]] | align=center| 4 | align=center| [[1962–63 Scottish League Cup|1962–63]] |- ! scope="row"| [[Hibernian F.C.|Hibernian]] | align=center| 3 | align=center| [[2006–07 Scottish League Cup|2006–07]] |- ! scope="row"| [[Dundee F.C.|Dundee]] | align=center| 3 | align=center| [[1973–74 Scottish League Cup|1973–74]] |- ! scope="row"| [[East Fife F.C.|East Fife]] | align=center| 3 | align=center| [[1953–54 Scottish League Cup|1953–54]] |- ! scope="row"| [[Dundee United F.C.|Dundee United]] | align=center| 2 | align=center| [[1980–81 Scottish League Cup|1980–81]] |- ! scope="row"| [[Kilmarnock F.C.|Kilmarnock]] | align=center| 1 | align=center| [[2011–12 Scottish League Cup|2011–12]] |- ! scope="row"| [[Motherwell F.C.|Motherwell]] | align=center| 1 | align=center| [[1950–51 Scottish League Cup|1950–51]] |- ! scope="row"| [[Partick Thistle F.C.|Partick Thistle]] | align=center| 1 | align=center| [[1971–72 Scottish League Cup|1971–72]] |- ! scope="row"| [[St Johnstone F.C.|St Johnstone]] | align=center| 1 | align=center| [[2020–21 Scottish League Cup|2020–21]] |- ! scope="row"| [[St Mirren F.C.|St Mirren]] | align=center| 1 | align=center| [[2012–13 Scottish League Cup|2012–13]] |- ! scope="row"| [[Livingston F.C.|Livingston]] | align=center| 1 | align=center| [[2003–04 Scottish League Cup|2003–04]] |- ! scope="row"| [[Raith Rovers F.C.|Raith Rovers]] | align=center| 1 | align=center| [[1994–95 Scottish League Cup|1994–95]] |- ! scope="row"| [[Ross County F.C.|Ross County]] | align=center| 1 | align=center| [[2015–16 Scottish League Cup|2015–16]] |- |} ==Sponsorship== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left" |- ! Period ! Sponsor ! Name |- | 1946–1978 | No sponsor | Scottish League Cup |- | 1979–1981 | Bell's whisky | Bell's League Cup |- | 1981–1984 | No sponsor | Scottish League Cup |- | 1984–1992 | [[Skol|Skol Lager]] | Skol Cup |- | 1992–1994 | No sponsor | Scottish League Cup |- | 1994–1998 | [[Coca-Cola]] | Coca-Cola Cup |- | 1998–1999 | No sponsor | Scottish League Cup |- | 1999–2008 | CIS Insurance | CIS Insurance Cup<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/scot_cups/7816028.stm|title=Scottish League Cup sponsor boost|date=7 January 2009|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/scot_cups/9041828.stm|title=Co-operative Insurance end Scottish League Cup deal|date=28 September 2010|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> |- | 2008–2011 | The Co-operative Insurance | Co-operative Insurance Cup |- | 2011–2013 | [[Scottish Government]] | Scottish Communities League Cup<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/scot_cups/9431726.stm|title=Scottish Government crime seizures to fund League Cup|date=21 March 2011|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> |- | 2013–2015 | No sponsor | Scottish League Cup |- | 2015 | QTS Group | The Scottish League Cup presented by QTS (semi-finals and final only)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/30546044|title=Scottish League Cup finds sponsor for final stages|work=BBC Sport|date=19 December 2014}}</ref> |- | 2015–2016 | Utilita Energy | The Scottish League Cup presented by Utilita<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/34527126|title=Scottish League Cup: Energy firm Utilita agree sponsorship deal|work=BBC Sport|date=14 October 2015 }}</ref> |- | 2016–2021 | Betfred | Betfred Cup<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36259533|title=£1m Scottish League Cup sponsorship deal agreed with Betfred|work=BBC Sport|date=10 May 2016}}</ref> |- | 2021–2022 | Premier Sports | Premier Sports Cup<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spfl.co.uk/news/premier-sports-becomes-league-cup-title-sponsor|title=Premier Sports to sponsor League Cup|website=spfl.co.uk|date=27 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/56904077|title=Premier Sports to sponsor Scottish League Cup from next season|website=BBC Sport|date=27 April 2021}}</ref> |- | 2022–2024 | Viaplay | Viaplay Cup<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spfl.co.uk/news/press-release-viaplay-cup|title=PRESS RELEASE: VIAPLAY CUP|website=spfl.co.uk|date=1 November 2022}}</ref> |- | 2024–present | Premier Sports | Premier Sports Cup |} ==Media coverage== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |- ! Period ! Channel |- | 2002–04 | [[Channel 5 (British TV channel)|Five]] |- | 2004–16 | [[BBC One|BBC One Scotland]] |- | 2016–20 | BT Sport |- | 2020–22 | Premier Sports |- | 2022–24 | Viaplay |- | 2024–present | Premier Sports |} ==Notes== {{notelist-ua}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [https://spfl.co.uk/league/league-cup Official website] {{Scottish Professional Football League}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scottish League Cup}} [[Category:Scottish Football League]] c291xaoqe310r76fywie2x36ebw8gup 0 1188681 10368089 10318426 2025-07-02T18:42:57Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C US-EN and the series ends in 2025 10368089 wikitext text/x-wiki {{dead end|date=June 2025}} {{Italic title}} '''Tyler Perry's Young Dylan''' is an American comedy television series created by Tyler Perry. It aired on Nickelodeon from February 29, 2020 to April 30, 2025. The series stars Dylan Gilmer, Celina Smith, Hero Hunter, Jet Miller, Mieko Hillman, Aloma Lesley Wright, and Carl Anthony Payne, II. Young Dylan is an aspiring hip-hop artist. When his mother doesn't come home one day, his grandmother Viola moves him in with his uncle Myles and aunt Yasmine to have parental figures in his life. His style clashes with the styles of Myles' family. {{Nickshows}} [[Category:2020 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2025 American television series endings]] [[Category:Nickelodeon television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] {{TV-stub}} bdoz5qdqvf6nbe7du32h1oppd7eidk0 0 1188792 10368798 10323754 2025-07-03T02:53:52Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{cleanup|reason=|date=June 2025}} {{intro-missing|date=June 2025}} == Rulers of Kalat == The rulers of Kalat at first held the title of [[Wali]] but in 1739 also took the title of (Begler Begi Khan), usually shortened to Khan. The last '''Khan of Kalat''' ({{langx|bal|خان قلات}}) had the privilege of being the President of the Council of Rulers for the [[Baluchistan States Union]]. They also had the title of [[beylerbey]]. {|class="wikitable" |- !Tenure||Khan of Kalat <ref name="Naseer Dashti 280"/> |-|- |1656–1666||Mir Altaz Sani Khan Qambrani II |- |1666–1695||Mir Ahmad I Khan Qambrani III (Changed his Royal family name from Qambrani to Ahmadzai ) |- |1695–1697||Mir Mehrab Khan Ahmadzai I |- |1697–1714||Mir Samandar Khan Ahmadzai |- |1714–1716||Mir Ahmad II Khan Ahmadzai |- |1716–1731||[[Abdullah Khan Ahmadzai|Mir Abdullah Khan Ahmadzai]] |- |1731–1749||Mir Muhabbat Khan Ahmadzai |- |1749–1794|| [[Mir Nasir Khan I|Mir Muhammad Nasir Khan I Ahmadzai]] |- |1794–1817||Mir Mahmud Khan I Ahmadzai |- |1817–1839|| [[Mehrab Khan II of Kalat|Mir Mehrab Khan Ahmadzai II]] |- |1839–1841||Mir Shah Nawaz Khan Ahmadzai |- |1841–1857|| Mir Nasir Khan II Ahmadzai |- |1857–1863|| Mir [[Khudadad Khan (ruler)|Khudadad Khan]] Ahmadzai (1st time) |- |1863–1864||Mir [[Sherdil Khan]] Ahmadzai (usurped throne) |- |1864–1893||Mir [[Khudadad Khan (ruler)|Khudadad Khan]] Ahmadzai (2nd time) |- |1893–1931||Mir Mahmud Khan II Ahmadzai |- |1931–1933||Mir Mohammad Azam Jan Khan Ahmadzai |- |1933–1955|| [[Ahmad of Kalat]] (Mir Ahmad Yar Khan Ahmadzai);<br /> declared independent on 12 August 1947; [[Instrument of Accession|acceded]] to Pakistan on 27 March 1948, while keeping internal self-government |- |14 October 1955||State of Kalat merged into [[One Unit]] of West Pakistan{{sfn|Siddiqi|2012|p=62}} |- |1955–1979|| Mir Ahmad Yar Khan Ahmadzai (titular) |- |1979–1998||Mir Dawood Jan Ahmadzai (titular) |- |1998–2006||[[Mir Suleman Dawood Jan|Mir Agha Sulaiman Jan Ahmadzai]] (titular) |- |2006–present||Prince Mir Mohammad Khan Ahmadzai (titular) |- |} == Chief commissioners of Baluchistan == * 1877–1887: [[Oliver St John (civil servant)|Sir Oliver St John]] (acting) * 1887–1889: [[Robert Groves Sandeman|Sir Robert Sandeman]] * 1889: [[Harry Prendergast|Sir Harry Prendergast]] (acting) * 1889–1891: [[Robert Groves Sandeman|Sir Robert Sandeman]] * 1891: [[Hugh Shakespear Barnes|Hugh Barnes]] * 1891: [[Oliver St John (civil servant)|Sir Oliver St John]] * 1891: [[Hugh Shakespear Barnes|Hugh Barnes]] (acting) * 1891: [[John Biddulph (civil servant)|John Biddulph]] (acting) * 1891–1892: [[Robert Groves Sandeman|Sir Robert Sandeman]] * 1892: [[Hugh Shakespear Barnes|Hugh Barnes]] (acting) * 1892–1896: [[James Browne (civil servant)|Sir James Browne]] * 1896: [[James Adair Crawford]] (acting) * 1896–1899: [[Hugh Shakespear Barnes|Hugh Barnes]] * 1899: [[Henry Wylie]] (acting) * 1899–1900: [[Hugh Shakespear Barnes|Hugh Barnes]] * 1900–1904: [[Charles Edward Yate|Charles Yate]] * 1904–1905: [[John Ramsay (commissioner)|John Ramsay]] (acting) * 1905–1907: [[Alexander Tucker (commissioner)|Alexander Tucker]] (acting) * 1907–1909: [[Henry McMahon (diplomat)|Sir Henry McMahon]] * 1909: [[Charles Archer]] (acting) * 1909–1911: [[Henry McMahon (diplomat)|Sir Henry McMahon]] * 1911–1912: [[John Ramsay (commissioner)|John Ramsay]] * 1912: [[Charles Archer]] (acting) * 1912–1914: [[John Ramsay (commissioner)|John Ramsay]] * 1914: [[Charles Archer]] (acting) * 1914–1915: [[John Ramsay (commissioner)|John Ramsay]] * 1915: [[Charles Archer]] (acting) * 1915–1917: [[John Ramsay (commissioner)|John Ramsay]] * 1917–1919: [[Henry Dobbs]] * 1919–1922: [[Armine Dew]] * 1922–1923: [[Henry Beauchamp St John|Henry St John]] (acting) * 1923–1926: [[Frederick William Johnston|Frederick Johnston]] * 1926–1927: [[Edmond James]] (acting) * 1927–1929: [[Henry Beauchamp St John|Henry St John]] * 1929: [[Edmond James]] (acting) * 1929–1931: [[Charles Edward Bruce|Charles Bruce]] (acting) * 1931–1932: [[Norman Cater]] (acting) * 1932: [[John Aloysius Brett|John Brett]] (acting) * 1932–1936: [[Norman Cater]] * 1936: [[Ronald Wingate]] (acting) * 1936–1937: [[Arthur Parsons]] (acting) * 1937: [[Ronald Wingate]] (acting) * 1937–1938: [[Olaf Caroe]] (acting) * 1938–1939: [[Arthur Parsons]] * 1939–1943: [[Herbert Metcalfe|Sir Herbert Metcalfe]] * 1943–1946: [[Rupert Hay]] * 1946: [[Henry Mortimer Poulton|Henry Poulton]] * 1946–1947: [[Geoffrey Prior|Sir Geoffrey Prior]] ==Government== {|class="wikitable" |- !No.||Chief Commissioner of Balochistan<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Pakistan Provinces |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Pakistan_states.html#Balochistan |access-date=2022-08-23 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}</ref> !Tenure |- |1||Sir Geoffrey Prior |15 August 1947 – 3 October 1947 |- |2||Sir Ambrose Dundas Flux Dundas |3 October 1947 – 8 April 1948 |- |3||Cecil Arthur Grant Savidge |9 April 1948 – 18 January 1949 |- |4||Sahibzada Mohammad Kursheed |19 January 1949 – 16 July 1949 |- |5||Mian Aminuddin |16 July 1949 – 18 November 1952 |- |6||Unknown |18 November 1952 – 13 February 1953 |- |7||Qurban Ali Khan |13 February 1953 – 8 November 1954 |- |8||[[Sardar Bahadur Khan]] |8 November 1954 – 19 July 1955 |- |9||R.A.F. Hyride |19 July 1955 – 25 July 1955 |- |10||R.A.M. Shaker |26 July 1955 – 14 October 1955 |- | ||Province abolished |14 October 1955 |} see [[List of Chief Commissioners of Baluchistan]] === Governors of West Pakistan === {| class="wikitable" !No. !Governor of West Pakistan<ref name=":0" /> !Portrait !Tenure !Party Background !Form of Government |- |11 |[[Mushtaq Ahmed Gurmani]] | |14 October 1955 – 27 August 1957 |[[Muslim League (Pakistan)|Muslim League]] |[[Democratic government]] |- |12 |[[Akhter Husain]] | |September 1957 – 12 April 1960 |[[Independent (politician)|Independent]] |[[Military dictatorship|Military government]] |- |13 |[[Amir Mohammad Khan]] | |12 April 1960 – 18 September 1966 |[[Muslim League (Pakistan)|Muslim League]] |[[Military dictatorship|Military government]] / Civilian authority |- |14 |General (retired) [[Musa Khan (general)|Muhammad Musa]] | |18 September 1966 – 20 March 1969 |[[Independent (politician)|Independent]] |Civilian Authority |- |15 |[[Yusuf Haroon]] | |20 March 1969 – 25 March 1969 |[[Civil government|Civilian Government]] |Civilian Authority |- !No. !Martial Law Administrator ! !Tenure Term !Type of Government !Service in effect |- |16 |[[Lieutenant-General]] [[Attiqur Rahman]] (first term) | |25 March 1969 – 29 August 1969 |[[Military dictatorship|Military Government]] |[[Pakistan Army]] |- |17 |Lieutenant-General [[Tikka Khan]] | |29 August 1969 – 1 September 1969 |[[Military dictatorship|Military Government]] |[[Pakistan Army]] |- |18 |[[Air Marshal]] [[Nur Khan]] | |1 September 1969 – 1 February 1970 |[[Military dictatorship|Military Government]] |[[Pakistan Air Force]] |- |(16) |Lieutenant-General Attiqur Rahman (second term) | |1 February 1970 – 1 July 1970 |[[Military dictatorship|Military Government]] |[[Pakistan Army]] |} ==List of governors of Balochistan== {| class="wikitable sortable plain row headers collapsible" |+List of governors of Balochistan ! width=1% | Term ! style="width:100px;"| Portrait ! width=20% | Name ! width=10% | Took office ! width=10% | Left office ! width=10% | Tenure ! colspan="2" width=20% | Affiliation |- ! align="center" | 1 | align="center" | | align="center" | '''[[Riaz Hussain (general)|Riaz Hussain]]''' | align="center" | 1 July 1970 | align="center" | 25 December 1971 | align="center" | {{ayd|1970|07|1|1971|12|25}} | align="center" | [[Yahya Khan|Military]] | align="center" style="background-color: Khaki" | |- |- ! align="center" | 2 | align="center" | [[File:Nawab Ghous Bakhsh Raisani in Mehrgarh.jpg|200px]] | align="center" | '''[[Ghous Bakhsh Raisani]]''' | align="center" | 26 December 1971 | align="center" | 29 April 1972 | align="center" | {{ayd|1971|12|26|1972|04|29}} | align="center" | [[Pakistan People's Party]] | align="center" style="background-color: Black" | |- ! align="center" | 3 | align="center" | [[File:Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo (cropped).png|200px]] | align="center" | '''[[Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo]]''' | align="center" | 30 April 1972 | align="center" | 14 February 1973 | align="center" | {{ayd|1972|04|30|1973|02|14}} | align="center" | [[National Awami Party (Wali)|National Awami Party]] | align="center" style="background-color: Red" | |- ! align="center" | 4 | align="center" | [[File:Swaraaj-bugti jinnah.jpg|200px]] | align="center" | '''[[Akbar Bugti]]''' | align="center" | 15 February 1973 | align="center" | 31 December 1973 | align="center" | {{ayd|1973|02|15|1973|12|31}} | align="center" | [[Jamhoori Watan Party]] | align="center" style="background-color: Crimson" | |- ! align="center" | 5 | align="center" | [[File:JinnahBalochGov.png|200x200px]] | align="center" | '''[[Ahmad Yar Khan]]''' (Khan of Kalat) | align="center" | 1 January 1974 | align="center" | 5 July 1977 | align="center" | {{ayd|1974|01|01|1977|07|05}} | align="center" | [[Independent politician|Independent]] | align="center" style="background-color: White" | |- ! align="center" | 6 | align="center" | | align="center" | '''[[Khuda Bakhsh Marri]]''' | align="center" | 6 July 1977 | align="center" | 18 September 1978 | align="center" | {{ayd|1977|07|06|1978|09|18}} | align="center" | [[Independent politician|Independent]] | align="center" style="background-color: White" | |- ! align="center" | 7 | align="center" | | align="center" | '''[[Rahimuddin Khan]]''' | align="center" | 19 September 1978 | align="center" | 21 March 1984 | align="center" | {{ayd|1978|09|19|1984|03|21}} | align="center" | [[Military]] | align="center" style="background-color: Khaki" | |- ! align="center"|8 | align="center" | | align="center" |'''[[F. S. Lodhi]]''' |22 March 1984 |7 July 1984 | align="center" | {{ayd|1984|03|22|1984|07|07}} | align="center" | [[Military]] | align="center" style="background-color: Khaki" | |- ! align="center"|9 | align="center" | | align="center" |'''K. K. Afridi''' |18 November 1984 |30 December 1985 | align="center" | {{ayd|1984|11|18|1985|12|30}} | align="center" | [[Military]] | align="center" style="background-color: Khaki" | |- ! align="center"|10 | align="center" | | align="center" |'''[[Musa Khan (general)|Musa Khan]]''' |30 December 1985 |12 March 1991 | align="center" | {{ayd|1985|12|30|1991|03|12}} | align="center" | [[Independent politician|Independent]] | align="center" style="background-color: White" | |- ! align="center"|11 | align="center" | | align="center" |'''[[Gul Mohammad Khan Jogezai]]''' |13 July 1991 |18 July 1993 | align="center" | {{ayd|1991|07|13|1993|07|18}} | align="center" | [[Independent politician|Independent]] | align="center" style="background-color: White" | |- |- ! align="center"|12 | align="center" | | align="center" |'''[[Abdul Rahim Durrani|Sardar Abdur Rahim Durrani]]''' |19 July 1993 |18 May 1994 | align="center" | {{ayd|1993|07|19|1994|05|18}} | align="center" | [[Independent politician|Independent]] | align="center" style="background-color: White" | |- ! align="center"|13 | align="center" | | align="center" |'''[[Imran Ullah Khan]]''' |19 May 1994 |10 April 1997 | align="center" | {{ayd|1994|05|19|1997|04|10}} | align="center" | [[Pakistan People's Party]] | align="center" style="background-color: Black" | |- ! align="center"|14 | align="center" | | align="center" |'''[[Miangul Aurangzeb]]''' |22 April 1997 |17 August 1999 | align="center" | {{ayd|1997|04|22|1999|08|17}} | align="center" | [[Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz)]] | align="center" style="background-color: Green" | |- |15 | |align="center" |'''[[Syed Fazal Agha|Sayed Muhammad Fazal Agha]]''' |18 August 1999 |12 October 1999 | align="center" | {{ayd|1999|08|18|1999|10|12}} | align="center" | [[Independent politician|Independent]] | align="center" style="background-color: White" | |- |16 | |align="center" |'''[[Amir-ul-Mulk Mengal]]''' |25 October 1999 |31 January 2003 | align="center" | {{ayd|1999|10|25|2003|01|31}} | align="center" | [[Independent politician|Independent]] | align="center" style="background-color: White" | |- |17 | |align="center" |'''[[Abdul Qadir Baloch]]''' |1 February 2003 |10 August 2003 | align="center" | {{ayd|2003|02|01|2003|08|10}} | align="center" | [[Independent politician|Independent]] | align="center" style="background-color: White" | |- |18 | |align="center" |'''[[Owais Ahmed Ghani]]''' |11 August 2003 |5 February 2008 | align="center" |{{ayd|2003|08|11|2008|02|05}} | align="center" | [[Independent politician|Independent]] | align="center" style="background-color: White" | |- |19 |[[File:NAWAB ZULFIQAR ALI MAGSI.jpg|214x214px]] |align="center" |'''[[Zulfikar Ali Magsi]]''' |28 February 2008 |9 June 2013 | align="center" | {{ayd|2008|02|28|2013|06|09}} | align="center" | [[Pakistan People's Party]] | align="center" style="background-color: Black" | |- |20 |[[File:Muhammad Khan Achakzai.jpg]] |align="center" |'''[[Muhammad Khan Achakzai]]''' |14 June 2013 |9 October 2018 | align="center" | {{ayd|2013|07|14|2018|10|09}} | align="center" | [[Pashtunkhwa Milli Awami Party]] | align="center" style="background-color: Orangered" | |- |21 | |align="center" |'''[[Amanullah Khan Yasinzai]]''' |4 October 2018 |7 July 2021 | align="center" | {{ayd|2018|11|04|2021|07|07}} | align="center" | [[Independent politician|Independent]] | align="center" style="background-color: White" | |- |22 | |align="center" |'''[[Syed Zahoor Ahmad Agha]]''' | 9 July 2021 | 13 April 2022 | align="center" | {{ayd|2021|07|09|2022|04|13}} | align="center" | [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf]] | align="center" style="background-color: Orangered" | |- |23 | |align="center" |'''[[Abdul Wali Kakar]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-03 |title=President Alvi appoints Abdul Wali Kakar governor Balochistan |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2404204/abdul-wali-kakar-appointed-balochistan-governor |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref> |3 March 2023 |06 May 2024 | align="center" | {{ayd|2023|03|03|2024|05|06}} | align="center" | [[Balochistan National Party (Mengal)]] | align="center" style="background-color: White" | |- |24 | |[[Sheikh Jaffar Khan Mandokhail]] |06 May 2024 | | | align="center" | [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)]] | align="center" style="background-color: Green" | |} == Related pages == * [[Government of Balochistan]] == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * [http://governorbalochistan.gov.pk/index.html Official website] {{Governor of Balochistan}} [[Category:Governors of Balochistan, Pakistan]] [[Category:Provincial political office-holders in Pakistan]] inp36gpakaorzerkw2gqbvptk4ju82o 3 1188910 10368133 10261966 2025-07-02T19:28:52Z Igor123121 1293570 General note: Addition of unsourced or improperly cited material. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368133 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make helpful changes to Wikipedia. However, some of [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|your changes]], like those to "[[:2028 United States presidential election]]", did not seem to be helpful and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 22:23, 15 May 2025 (UTC) == July 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, I am [[User:Igor123121|Igor123121]]. I noticed that you made a change to an article, but you did not provide a [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources|reliable source]]. It has been removed and archived in the page history for now, but if you want to [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|include a citation]] and re-add it, please do so! If you need help with referencing, please see [[Wikipedia:Citing sources]], or if you think I made a mistake, you can leave me a message on [[User_talk:Igor123121|my talk page]]. Thank you. <!-- Template:uw-unsourced1 --> [[User:Igor123121|Igor123121]] ([[User talk:Igor123121|talk]]) 19:28, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> qzbot1yauh6w25nw7ic4h198p4rgvt7 0 1188965 10368929 10324070 2025-07-03T04:05:37Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{family name hatnote|[[Xu (surname 徐)|Xu]]|lang=Chinese}} {{Infobox curler | name = Xu Xiaoming <br> 徐晓明 | image = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth-date and age|September 14, 1984}} | birth_place = [[Harbin]], [[Heilongjiang]] | Curling club = [[Harbin Curling Club|Harbin CC]], <br> [[Harbin]], [[Heilongjiang]] | Skip = '''Xu Xiaoming''' | Third = [[Fei Xueqing]] | Second = [[Wang Zhiyu]] | Lead = [[Li Zhichao (curler)|Li Zhichao]] | Alternate = [[Yang Bohao]] | Member Association = {{CHN}} | World Championship appearances = 8 ({{WMCC|2008}}, {{WMCC|2009}}, {{WMCC|2010}}, {{WMCC|2012}}, {{WMCC|2013}}, {{WMCC|2014}}, {{WMCC|2017}}, {{WMCC|2025}}) | Pacific Championship appearances = 13 ({{PACC|2002}}, {{PACC|2004}}, {{PACC|2005}}, {{PACC|2006}}, {{PACC|2007}}, {{PACC|2008}}, {{PACC|2009}}, {{PACC|2010}}, {{PACC|2011}}, {{PACC|2012}}, {{PACC|2013}}, {{PACC|2015}}, {{PACC|2016}}) | Pan Continental Championship appearances = 1 ({{PCCC|2024}}) | Olympic appearances = 2 ([[Curling at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament|2010]], [[Curling at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament|2014]]) | Other appearances = [[Curling at the Asian Winter Games|Asian Winter Games]]: 1 ([[Curling at the 2025 Asian Winter Games – Men's tournament|2025]]) | medaltemplates = {{MedalSport | Men's [[Curling]] }} {{MedalCountry | {{CHN}} }} {{MedalCompetition | [[Pan Continental Curling Championships|Pan Continental Championships]] }} {{MedalGold | [[2024 Pan Continental Curling Championships|2024 Lacombe]] | }} {{MedalCompetition | [[Pacific-Asia Curling Championships|Pacific-Asia Championships]] }} {{MedalGold | [[2007 Pacific Curling Championships|2007 Beijing]] | }} {{MedalGold | [[2008 Pacific Curling Championships|2008 Naseby]] | }} {{MedalGold | [[2009 Pacific Curling Championships|2009 Karuizawa]] | }} {{MedalGold | [[2010 Pacific Curling Championships|2010 Uiseong]] | }} {{MedalGold | [[2011 Pacific Curling Championships|2011 Nanjing]] | }} {{MedalGold | [[2012 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships|2012 Naseby]] | }} {{MedalGold | [[2013 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships|2013 Shanghai]] | }} {{MedalSilver | [[2016 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships|2016 Uiseong]] | }} {{MedalBronze | [[2006 Pacific Curling Championships|2006 Tokyo]] | }} {{MedalBronze | [[2015 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships|2015 Almaty]] | }} {{MedalCompetition | [[Winter Universiade]] }} {{MedalBronze | [[Curling at the 2009 Winter Universiade|2009 Harbin]] | }} {{MedalCompetition | [[Asian Winter Games]] }} {{MedalGold | [[Curling at the 2017 Asian Winter Games|2017 Sapporo]] | }} {{MedalBronze | [[Curling at the 2003 Asian Winter Games|2003 Aomori]] | }} {{MedalBronze | [[Curling at the 2007 Asian Winter Games|2007 Changchun]] | }} {{MedalBronze | [[Curling at the 2025 Asian Winter Games|2025 Harbin]] | }} }} '''Xu Xiaoming''' ({{zh|s=徐晓明|t=徐曉明|p=Xú Xiǎomíng}}; born September 14, 1984, in [[Harbin]], [[Heilongjiang]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-curling/athletes/xiaoming-xu_ath1015249Jq.html |title=Xiaoming Xu - Curling Athletes : Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics |access-date=February 4, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217231331/http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-curling/athletes/xiaoming-xu_ath1015249Jq.html |archive-date=February 17, 2010 }}</ref>) is a Chinese [[Curling|curler]]. He is from [[Beijing]]. ==Career== His team won in 3rd place in the [[Curling at the 2007 Asian Winter Games]]. He competed for [[China at the 2010 Winter Olympics]]. He threw second for the Chinese team in the [[2010 Winter Olympics]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldcurling.org/teams-for-vancouver-2010 |title=World Curling Federation - Teams for Vancouver 2010 |access-date=January 17, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100120071700/http://www.worldcurling.org/teams-for-vancouver-2010 |archive-date=January 20, 2010 }}</ref> He was the third for the Chinese team at the [[2014 Winter Olympics]]. He is the head coach of the Chinese Men's Youth Curling Team. He lead the team to the country's first men's World Junior Curling Championship in [[2023 World Junior Curling Championships|2023]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{Sports links}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Xu, Xiaoming}} [[Category:1984 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Competitors at the 2025 Asian Winter Games]] [[Category:Curlers]] [[Category:Sportspeople from Harbin]] av9j0vj3p0x58rvomlo574bn5803ld2 0 1189046 10367611 10359719 2025-07-02T12:31:05Z BlackJack 572554 /* D */ +DRS 10367611 wikitext text/x-wiki The [[sport]] of [[cricket]] has a large [[vocabulary]] which includes many unusual terms. A comprehensive '''glossary''' is a necessary aid for people trying to understand the sport. The list below, still under construction, highlights key terms for expansion into glossary format. Many of these terms will need an article in their own right. {{compact ToC|center=yes|num=no|notes=yes|refs=yes|nobreak=yes|seealso=no}} {{updated|June 2025}} ==A== :;'''All out''' : Ten members of the [[batting (cricket)|batting team]] have been [[Dismissal (cricket)|dismissed]], and the [[innings]] ends at that point. One [[batting (cricket)|batter]] remains [[not out]].<ref name="Law13–3">{{cite web |url=https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/innings |title=Law 13.3. Completed Innings |publisher=Marylebone Cricket Club |year=2017 |access-date=16 May 2025}}</ref> :;'''All-rounder''' : A player who is good at both [[batting (cricket)|batting]] and [[bowling (cricket)|bowling]]—the majority of players are good at only one. The all-rounder often bats in the middle of the batting order. Depending on whether he/she is better in one skill than the other, they may be termed a batting all-rounder or a bowling all-rounder. There are also wicket-keeper-batters (see below). A "genuine" all-rounder is a player who is equally good at batting and bowling. This type of player is also, usually, a good [[fielding (cricket)|fielder]]. Famous all-rounders include [[W. G. Grace]], [[Gary Sobers]], and [[Ellyse Perry]]. :;'''Appeal''' : Most usually associated with the "Owzat!" call to the umpire which is made by the bowler and other fielders when they believe the batter should be given out. In fact, it is a request by any player to an umpire for a decision on anything that may affect play: for example, an appeal by a batter for play to be suspended because of poor light. :;'''Averages''' : '''Batting average''' is the mean number of runs scored by a batter per innings and is calculated by dividing their total number of runs scored by the number of completed (excluding not out) innings they have played through the period under consideration (e.g., series, season, career). '''Bowling average''' is the mean cost of runs conceded by a bowler per wicket taken and is calculated by dividing the total runs conceded by the number of wickets taken, again by period. ===Additions from redirected article=== :;'''Around the wicket''' : When the bowler is right handed, bowling over the wicket is when he's on the right of the stumps. When he is left handed, it is when he bowls on the left on the stumps. After bowling over the wicket, the bowler might try bowling around the wicket. This might make the batsman make an error. :;'''The Ashes''' :The perpetual prize in England v Australia [[Test match]] series. Invented by ''The Sporting Times'' in 1882, after a match when Australia beat England on an English ground for the first time. The obituary said that English cricket had died, and the body would be cremated and the ashes taken to Australia. The English press dubbed the next English tour to Australia (1882–83) as the quest to regain The Ashes. During that tour a small terracotta urn was presented to England captain Ivo Bligh by a group of Melbourne women. The contents of the urn are reputed to be the ashes of an item of cricket equipment, a bail. :;'''Asking rate''' :The run rate at which the team batting second needs to score to catch the opponents' score in a limited overs game. Same as 'required run rate'. ==B== :;'''Bails''' : :;'''Ball''' : See '''Cricket ball''' below. :;'''Bat''' : See '''Cricket bat''' below. :;'''Batter''' : :;'''Batting''' : :;'''Batting average''' : See '''Averages''' above. :;'''Boundary''' : The perimeter of the playing field. It is often defined by a rope encircling the outer edge of the field, with spectator seating beyond. During play, a shot by the [[batting (cricket)|batter]] which clears the boundary on the full is worth six [[scoring (cricket)#run|runs]]—this is similar to a [[home run]] in [[baseball]]. A shot which reaches the boundary after the ball has been in contact with the ground is worth four runs, and that is often called "scoring a boundary".<ref name="Law19">{{cite web |url=https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/boundaries |title=Law 19. Boundaries |publisher=Marylebone Cricket Club |year=2017 |access-date=10 June 2025}}</ref> :;'''Bowled''' : :;'''Bowler''' : :;'''Bowling''' : :;'''Bowling average''' : See '''Averages''' above. :;'''Bowling crease''' : :;'''Bye''' : ===Additions from redirected article=== :;'''Backlift''' :Lifting the bat in preparation to hitting the ball. :;'''Backing up''' : The term has two meanings. A non striker (the batsman who is not receiving) advances a few steps, and hopes the batsman on strike will score some runs. This is a way to get quick singles. ::When a fielder backs up, he covers another fielder in case that one misses the ball. This prevents the possibility of more runs being scored because of an overthrow. :;'''Bad light''' : Bad light is a reason to stop the play. The umpires may stop the game if they think the fielders, batsmen or bowlers cannot see well enough to play. Sometimes the umpires ''offer the light'' to the batsmen. This means they ask them if they want to continue batting or not when it starts to get dark. In one day matches, umpires usually let play continue. :;'''Bails''' : Each set of three stumps has a pair of bails. They are also made of wood. They are just less than five inches long. They cannot be more than one inch above the stumps. For a batsman to be out at least one of the bails must fall. If neither falls, the batsman cannot be out. :;'''Ball-tampering''' : Bowlers often polish the ball, usually on their trousers. However, nobody is allowed to rub it on the pitch or ground. Ball-tampering is when a bowler or fielder deliberately scratches the balls. The most famous example was in 1994. England captain Mike Atherton was fined £2,000 for ball-tampering in a match against South Africa. He had dirt in his pocket. He said he was using it to stop his hands sweating. :;'''Beamer''' : A beamer is a ball which does not bounce in front of the batsman. Instead it is aimed directly at his head. Sometimes it is done deliberately, but it is usually an error from the bowler. :;'''Block hole''' : The block hole is a small hole in the pitch. It is normally just behind or in front of the popping crease. It is made by the batsman so he knows where to stand. He will usually ask the umpire to help him. The block hole may be for example in line with the leg stump. :;'''Bouncer''' : A bouncer (or a bumper) is a fast ball. It is bowled short so that it bounces up towards the batsman's head. It is used to intimidate them. Sometimes the ball is bounced to high and the umpire calls a ''no-ball''. If the bowler bowls too many bouncers the umpire may stop him from bowling. In a one-day game, a bouncer which goes over the batsman's head can be called a ''wide'' by the umpire. :;'''Box''' : The box is a hard protector for the region of the groin. batsmen, wicketkeepers and close fielders usually wear it. The cricket ball is very hard, so the box is an essential part of equipment for a cricketer. :;'''Bump Ball''' : When a batsman hits the ball into the ground and a fielder catches it, it is called a bump ball. The batsman is not out. However, some spectators which are far away sometimes appeal for a catch because it looked like the fielder caught the ball without it bouncing. :;'''Bye and Leg Bye''' : Any runs scored without the ball touching the bat or the batsman's body is called byes. Usually the wicketkeeper stops the ball, but sometimes he misses resulting in byes. ::Leg byes are scored when the ball touches any part of the body other than the hands (which count as the bat). Byes and leg byes are not counted as runs for the batsman. They are counted as extras. ==C== :;'''Captain''' : :;'''Caught''' : :;'''Century''' : :;'''Chinaman (unorthodox left arm spin)''' : :;'''Creases''' : Four white lines painted at each end of the pitch. They are dual-purpose as they define the batter's safe territory and determine the limit of the bowler's approach. They are called the bowling crease, the popping crease, and two return creases (see entries for each term). :;'''Cricket ball''' : :;'''Cricket bat''' : :;'''Cricket field''' : The playing area. It is a large grassy space of variable size and shape, though normally round or oval with a diameter of 140 to 160 yards. :;'''Cricket pitch''' : See [[Pitch (cricket)|Pitch]]. ==D== :;'''Decision Review System (DRS)''' : :;'''Declaration''' : :;'''Delivery''' : :;'''Dismissal''' : :;'''Draw''' : The result of an unfinished double-innings match, in which the team batting last has not scored enough runs to win the game when playing time ends. Law 16.5.2 defines it as a game which has not ended in either a tie or a victory.<ref name="Law16–5–2">{{cite web |url=https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/the-result |title=Law 16.5.2. Draw |publisher=Marylebone Cricket Club |year=2017 |access-date=10 June 2025}}</ref> :;'''Duck''' : ==E== :;'''Equipment''' : :;'''Extras''' : ==F== :;'''Fast bowling''' : :;'''Fielder''' : :;'''Fielding''' : :;'''Finger spin''' : :;'''First-class cricket''' : :;'''Follow-on''' : ==G== :;'''Googly''' : ==H== :;'''Handled the ball''' : :;'''Helicopter shot''' : An unconventional batting shot which was made popular by [[MS Dhoni]]. The batter uses a low grip and a high backlift when expecting to receive a full-length delivery such as a [[yorker]]. The shot requires fast wrist movement to force the ball upwards, the intention being to score six runs. Dhoni characterised the shot by using shoulder rotation in his follow-through, and circling the bat over his head. :;'''Hit the ball twice''' : :;'''Hit wicket''' : ==I== :;'''Innings''' : :;'''Inswinger''' : :;'''International Cricket Council (ICC) ==L== :;'''Laws''' : Short form for ''[[The Laws of Cricket]]''. :;'''League cricket''' : :;'''Leg before wicket (lbw)''' : :;'''Leg break''' : :;'''Leg bye''' : :;'''Limited overs''' : :;'''List A cricket''' : ==M== :;'''Maiden''' : :;'''Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC)''' : :;'''Men's cricket''' : ==N== :;'''No ball''' : :;'''Non-striker''' : :;'''Not out''' : ==O== :;'''Obstructed the field''' : :;'''Off break''' : :;'''Orthodox left arm spin''' : :;'''Out''' : :;'''Outswinger''' : :;'''Oval''' : Cricket fields tend to be either round or oval in shape, with a diameter of 140 to 160 yards. There are many grounds with "Oval" in their name, such as the [[Adelaide Oval]]; the [[Kensington Oval]] in [[Bridgetown]]; and, most famously, [[The Oval]] at [[Kennington]] in south London. :;'''Over''' : :;'''Overarm bowling''' : :;'''Overthrow''' : ==P== :;'''Partnership''' : :;'''Pavilion''' : :;'''Pitch''' : See [[Pitch (cricket)|Pitch]]. :;'''Pitched delivery bowling''' : :;'''Playing time''' : :;'''Popping crease''' : ==R== :;'''Result''' : :;'''Return crease''' : :;'''Roundarm bowling''' : :;'''Run''' : :;'''Run out''' : ==S== :;'''Schools cricket''' : :;'''Scoring''' : :;'''Seam bowling''' : :;'''Sightscreen''' : :;'''Single''' : :;'''Single wicket''' : :;'''Spell''' : :;'''Spin bowling''' : :;'''''The Spirit of Cricket''''' : A preamble (introduction) to the 2017 issue of ''[[The Laws of Cricket]]''. It emphasises the need for respect and fair play, regardless of the actual Laws (rules) of the game.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/preamble-to-the-laws-spirit-of-cricket |title=Preamble to the Laws: Spirit of Cricket |publisher=Marylebone Cricket Club |date=2017 |edition=3rd |access-date=12 June 2025}}</ref> :;'''Square leg''' : :;'''Striker''' : :;'''Stump''' : :;'''Stumped''' : :;'''Substitute''' : :;'''Swing bowling''' : ==T== :;'''Team''' : :;'''Test cricket''' : :;'''Tie''' : The result of a match (of any kind) in which all innings have been completed, and the scores are equal.<ref name="Law16–5–1">{{cite web |url=https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket/the-result |title=Law 16.5.1. Tie |publisher=Marylebone Cricket Club |year=2017 |access-date=10 June 2025}}</ref> In top-class double-innings matches, ties are rare, and only 69 have been recorded from the first in 1741 to the end of 2024. There have been two "Tied Tests": [[Australia men's national cricket team|Australia]] v [[West Indies men's cricket team|West Indies]] at the [[Brisbane Cricket Ground]] in 1960; and [[India men's national cricket team|India]] v Australia at the [[Chepauk Stadium]] in 1986. :;'''Timed out''' : :;'''Toss''' : :;'''Twenty20''' : ==U== :;'''Umpire''' : :;'''Underarm bowling''' : ==V== :;'''Village cricket''' : ==W== :;'''Wicket''' : :;'''Wicket-keeper''' : :;'''Wide''' : :;'''Wisden''' : Short form used for ''[[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack]]'', which has been published annually since 1864. :;'''Women's cricket''' : :;'''Wrist spin''' : ==Y== :;'''Yorker''' : ==References== {{reflist}} ==Bibliography== {{commons|cricket}} * {{cite book |last=Barclays |editor1-last=Swanton |editor1-first=E. W. |editor2-last=Plumptre |editor2-first=George |editor3-last=Woodcock |editor3-first=George |title=Barclays World of Cricket |chapter=Part XI: Glossary |pages=693–700 |publisher=HarperCollins |location=London |year=1986 |isbn=978-00-02181-93-8}} * {{cite book |last=Chambers |title=The Chambers Dictionary |edition=10th |publisher=Chambers Harrap |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-5501-0185-3}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.lords.org/mcc/about-the-laws-of-cricket |title=The Laws of Cricket |publisher=Marylebone Cricket Club |year=2017 |edition=3rd}} * {{cite book |last=Oxford |title=Oxford English Dictionary |url=https://archive.org/details/conciseoxfordeng00cath |edition=11th |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-1986-0864-6}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/cricket/story/_/id/21322339/a-glossary-cricket-terms |last=Williamson |first=Martin |title=A glossary of cricket terms |publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd |year=2007}} [[Category:Cricket|*]] [[Category:Sports words]] [[Category:Glossaries|Cricket]] 52hepl5p0zt7k6469odt1g7z8xvjtde 0 1189261 10368888 10323959 2025-07-03T03:47:39Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football tournament | name = Scottish Challenge Cup | logo = [[File:Flag of Scotland.svg|220px]] | caption = | founded = 1990 | abolished = | number of teams = | current champions = [[Livingston F.C.|Livingston]] (2 titles) | most successful club = [[Falkirk F.C.|Falkirk]] (4 titles) | broadcasters = [[BBC Alba]] | current = [[2025–26 Scottish Challenge Cup]] }} The '''Scottish Professional Football League Challenge Cup''', also known as the '''Scottish League Challenge Cup''' or '''Scottish Challenge Cup''', and currently known as the '''KDM Evolution Trophy''' for sponsorship reasons, is a football knock-out cup competition run by the [[Scottish Professional Football League]] ('''SPFL'''). It is the third most prestigious knockout trophy in [[Scotland]], after the [[Scottish Cup]] and the [[Scottish League Cup]]. ==Finals== ===Key=== {| class="wikitable" |- | align=center style="background-color:#cef2e0"| * | Match went to [[extra time]] |- | align=center style="background-color:#cedff2"| {{dagger}} | Match decided by a [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|penalty shoot-out]] after extra time |- | align=center style="background-color:#fff4a7"| {{double dagger}} | Winning team won the second tier of [[Scottish football league system]] |- | ''Italics'' | Team from below the second tier of the [[Scottish football league system]] |- | {{Flagicon|ENG}}<br/>{{Flagicon|WAL}}<br/>{{Flagicon|NIR}}<br/>{{Flagicon|IRE}} | Team from outside the [[Scottish football league system]] |} ===Results=== {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center;" |- ! scope=col| Season ! scope=col| Winner ! scope=col| Score ! scope=col| Runner-up ! scope=col| Venue ! scope=col| Attendance ! scope=col| Notes |- | [[1990–91 Scottish Challenge Cup|1990–91]] | [[Dundee F.C.|Dundee]] | style="background:#cef2e0;" align=center| <span style="visibility:hidden;color: transparent">&nbsp;†</span>[[1990 Scottish Challenge Cup final|3–2]] * | [[Ayr United F.C.|Ayr United]] | [[Fir Park]] | align=center| 11,506 | <ref name="SCCWinners">{{cite web|url=https://spfl.co.uk/league/challenge-cup/winners|title=Challenge Cup Winners|publisher=[[Scottish Professional Football League]]|website=spfl.co.uk}}</ref> |- | [[1991–92 Scottish Challenge Cup|1991–92]] | [[Hamilton Academical F.C.|Hamilton Academical]] | align=center| [[1991 Scottish Challenge Cup final|1–0]] | [[Ayr United F.C.|Ayr United]] | [[Fir Park]] | align=center| 9,663 | <ref name="SCCWinners"/> |- | [[1992–93 Scottish Challenge Cup|1992–93]] | [[Hamilton Academical F.C.|Hamilton Academical]] (2) | align=center| [[1992 Scottish Challenge Cup final|3–2]] | [[Greenock Morton F.C.|Morton]] | [[Love Street (stadium)|Love Street]] | align=center| 7,391 | <ref name="SCCWinners"/> |- | [[1993–94 Scottish Challenge Cup|1993–94]] | style="background:#fff4a7;"| [[Falkirk F.C.|Falkirk]] {{double-dagger}} | align=center| [[1993 Scottish Challenge Cup final|3–0]] | [[St Mirren F.C.|St Mirren]] | [[Fir Park]] | align=center| 13,763 | <ref name="SCCWinners"/> |- | [[1994–95 Scottish Challenge Cup|1994–95]] | [[Airdrieonians F.C. (1878)|Airdrieonians (1878)]] | style="background:#cef2e0;" align=center| <span style="visibility:hidden;color: transparent">&nbsp;†</span> [[1994 Scottish Challenge Cup final|3–2]] * | [[Dundee F.C.|Dundee]] | [[McDiarmid Park]] | align=center| 8,844 | <ref name="SCCWinners"/> |- | [[1995–96 Scottish Challenge Cup|1995–96]] | ''[[Stenhousemuir F.C.|Stenhousemuir]]'' | style="background:#cedff2;" align=center| <span style="visibility:hidden;color: transparent">&nbsp;†</span> [[1995 Scottish Challenge Cup final|0–0]] † | [[Dundee United F.C.|Dundee United]] | [[McDiarmid Park]] | align=center| 7,856 | <ref name="SCCWinners"/> |- | [[1996–97 Scottish Challenge Cup|1996–97]] | ''[[Stranraer F.C.|Stranraer]]'' | align=center| [[1996 Scottish Challenge Cup final|1–0]] | [[St Johnstone F.C.|St Johnstone]] | [[Broadwood Stadium]] | align=center| 5,222 | <ref name="SCCWinners"/> |- | [[1997–98 Scottish Challenge Cup|1997–98]] | [[Falkirk F.C.|Falkirk]] (2) | align=center| [[1997 Scottish Challenge Cup final|1–0]] | ''[[Queen of the South F.C.|Queen of the South]]'' | [[Fir Park]] | align=center| 9,735 | <ref name="SCCWinners"/> |- class="sortbottom" | 1998–99 | colspan="5" style="text-align:center;"| ''Competition suspended due to lack of sponsorship'' | <ref name="SCCWinners"/> |- | [[1999–2000 Scottish Challenge Cup|1999–2000]] | ''[[Alloa Athletic F.C.|Alloa Athletic]]'' | style="background:#cedff2;" align=center| <span style="visibility:hidden;color: transparent">&nbsp;†</span> [[1999 Scottish Challenge Cup final|4–4]] † | [[Inverness Caledonian Thistle F.C.|Inverness Caledonian Thistle]] | [[Excelsior Stadium]] | align=center| 4,043 | <ref name="SCCWinners"/> |- | [[2000–01 Scottish Challenge Cup|2000–01]] | [[Airdrieonians F.C. (1878)|Airdrieonians (1878)]] (2) | style="background:#cedff2;" align=center| <span style="visibility:hidden;color: transparent">&nbsp;†</span> [[2000 Scottish Challenge Cup final|2–2]] † | [[Livingston F.C.|Livingston]] | [[Broadwood Stadium]] | align=center| 5,623 | <ref name="SCCWinners"/> |- | [[2001–02 Scottish Challenge Cup|2001–02]] | [[Airdrieonians F.C. (1878)|Airdrieonians (1878)]] (3) | align=center| [[2001 Scottish Challenge Cup final|2–1]] | ''[[Alloa Athletic F.C.|Alloa Athletic]]'' | [[Broadwood Stadium]] | align=center| 4,548 | <ref name="SCCWinners"/> |- | [[2002–03 Scottish Challenge Cup|2002–03]] | [[Queen of the South F.C.|Queen of the South]] | align=center| [[2002 Scottish Challenge Cup final|2–0]] | ''[[Brechin City F.C.|Brechin City]]'' | [[Broadwood Stadium]] | align=center| 6,428 | <ref name="SCCWinners"/> |- | [[2003–04 Scottish Challenge Cup|2003–04]] | style="background:#fff4a7;"| [[Inverness Caledonian Thistle F.C.|Inverness Caledonian Thistle]] {{double dagger}} | align=center| [[2003 Scottish Challenge Cup final|2–0]] | ''[[Airdrie United F.C.|Airdrie United]]'' | [[McDiarmid Park]] | align=center| 5,428 | <ref name="SCCWinners"/> |- | [[2004–05 Scottish Challenge Cup|2004–05]] | style="background:#fff4a7;"| [[Falkirk F.C.|Falkirk]] (3) {{double dagger}} | align=center| [[2004 Scottish Challenge Cup final|2–1]] | [[Ross County F.C.|Ross County]] | [[McDiarmid Park]] | align=center| 7,471 | <ref name="SCCWinners"/> |- | [[2005–06 Scottish Challenge Cup|2005–06]] | style="background:#fff4a7;"| [[St Mirren F.C.|St Mirren]] {{double dagger}} | align=center| [[2005 Scottish Challenge Cup final|2–1]] | [[Hamilton Academical F.C.|Hamilton Academical]] | [[Excelsior Stadium]] | align=center| 9,613 | <ref name="SCCWinners"/> |- | [[2006–07 Scottish Challenge Cup|2006–07]] | [[Ross County F.C.|Ross County]] | style="background:#cedff2;" align=center| <span style="visibility:hidden;color: transparent">&nbsp;†</span> [[2006 Scottish Challenge Cup final|1–1]] † | [[Clyde F.C.|Clyde]] | [[McDiarmid Park]] | align=center| 4,062 | <ref name="SCCWinners"/> |- | [[2007–08 Scottish Challenge Cup|2007–08]] | [[St Johnstone F.C.|St Johnstone]] | align=center| [[2007 Scottish Challenge Cup final|3–2]] | [[Dunfermline Athletic F.C.|Dunfermline Athletic]] | [[Dens Park]] | align=center| 6,446 | <ref name="SCCWinners"/> |- | [[2008–09 Scottish Challenge Cup|2008–09]] | [[Airdrie United F.C.|Airdrie United]] | style="background:#cedff2;" align=center| <span style="visibility:hidden;color: transparent">&nbsp;†</span> [[2008 Scottish Challenge Cup final|2–2]] † | [[Ross County F.C.|Ross County]] | [[McDiarmid Park]] | align=center| 4,091 | <ref name="SCCWinners"/> |- | [[2009–10 Scottish Challenge Cup|2009–10]] | [[Dundee F.C.|Dundee]] (2) | align=center| [[2009 Scottish Challenge Cup final|3–2]] | [[Inverness Caledonian Thistle F.C.|Inverness Caledonian Thistle]] | [[McDiarmid Park]] | align=center| 8,031 | <ref name="SCCWinners"/> |- | [[2010–11 Scottish Challenge Cup|2010–11]] | [[Ross County F.C.|Ross County]] (2) | align=center| [[2010 Scottish Challenge Cup final|2–0]] | [[Queen of the South F.C.|Queen of the South]] | [[McDiarmid Park]] | align=center| 5,124 | <ref name="SCCWinners"/> |- | [[2011–12 Scottish Challenge Cup|2011–12]] | [[Falkirk F.C.|Falkirk]] (4) | align=center| [[2012 Scottish Challenge Cup final|1–0]] | [[Hamilton Academical F.C.|Hamilton Academical]] | [[Almondvale Stadium]] | align=center| 5,210 | <ref name="SCCWinners"/> |- | [[2012–13 Scottish Challenge Cup|2012–13]] | ''[[Queen of the South F.C.|Queen of the South]]'' (2) | style="background:#cedff2;" align=center| <span style="visibility:hidden;color: transparent">&nbsp;†</span> [[2013 Scottish Challenge Cup final|1–1]] † | [[Partick Thistle F.C.|Partick Thistle]] | [[Almondvale Stadium]] | align=center| 9,452 | <ref name="SCCWinners"/> |- | [[2013–14 Scottish Challenge Cup|2013–14]] | [[Raith Rovers F.C.|Raith Rovers]] | style="background:#cef2e0;" align=center| <span style="visibility:hidden;color: transparent">&nbsp;†</span> [[2014 Scottish Challenge Cup final|1–0]] * | [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] | [[Easter Road]] | align=center| 19,983 | <ref name="SCCWinners"/> |- | [[2014–15 Scottish Challenge Cup|2014–15]] | [[Livingston F.C.|Livingston]] | align=center| [[2015 Scottish Challenge Cup final|4–0]] | [[Alloa Athletic F.C.|Alloa Athletic]] | [[McDiarmid Park]] | align=center| 2,869 | <ref name="SCCWinners"/> |- | [[2015–16 Scottish Challenge Cup|2015–16]] | style="background:#fff4a7;"| [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] {{double-dagger}} | align=center| [[2016 Scottish Challenge Cup final|4–0]] | ''[[Peterhead F.C.|Peterhead]]'' | [[Hampden Park]] | align=center| 48,133 | <ref name="SCCWinners"/> |- | [[2016–17 Scottish Challenge Cup|2016–17]] | [[Dundee United F.C.|Dundee United]] | align=center| [[2017 Scottish Challenge Cup final|2–1]] | [[St Mirren F.C.|St Mirren]] | [[Fir Park]] | align=center| 8,089 | <ref name="SCCWinners"/> |- | [[2017–18 Scottish Challenge Cup|2017–18]] | [[Inverness Caledonian Thistle F.C.|Inverness Caledonian Thistle]] (2) | align=center| [[2018 Scottish Challenge Cup final|1–0]] | [[Dumbarton F.C.|Dumbarton]] | [[McDiarmid Park]] | align=center| 4,602 | <ref name="SCCWinners"/> |- | [[2018–19 Scottish Challenge Cup|2018–19]] | style="background:#fff4a7;"| [[Ross County F.C.|Ross County]] (3) {{double-dagger}} | align=center| [[2019 Scottish Challenge Cup final|3–1]] | {{Flagicon|WAL}} [[Connah's Quay Nomads F.C.|Connah's Quay Nomads]] | [[Caledonian Stadium]] | align=center| 3,057 | <ref name="SCCWinners"/> |- | [[2019–20 Scottish Challenge Cup|2019–20]] | colspan="5" style="text-align:center;"| [[2020 Scottish Challenge Cup final|Final]] match not played; trophy shared by [[Inverness Caledonian Thistle F.C.|Inverness Caledonian Thistle]] (3) and [[Raith Rovers F.C.|Raith Rovers]] (2) | <ref name="SCCWinners"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/56945120|title=Inverness Caledonian Thistle and Raith Rovers share last season's Scottish Challenge Cup|publisher=BBC Sport|date=30 April 2021}}</ref> |- | 2020–21 | colspan="5" style="text-align:center;"|''Tournament cancelled'' | <ref name="SCCWinners"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/54393418|title=Scottish Challenge Cup cancelled for season 2020-21|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2 October 2020}}</ref> |- | [[2021–22 Scottish Challenge Cup|2021–22]] | [[Raith Rovers F.C.|Raith Rovers]] (3) | align=center| [[2022 Scottish Challenge Cup final|3–1]] | [[Queen of the South F.C.|Queen of the South]] | [[Excelsior Stadium]] | align=center| 4,452 | <ref name="SCCWinners"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/60902630|title=SPFL Trust Trophy final: Raith Rovers 3-1 Queen of the South|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=3 April 2022}}</ref> |- | [[2022–23 Scottish Challenge Cup|2022–23]] | [[Hamilton Academical F.C.|Hamilton Academical]] (3) | align=center| [[2023 Scottish Challenge Cup final|1–0]] | [[Raith Rovers F.C.|Raith Rovers]] | [[Falkirk Stadium]] | align=center| 5,566 | <ref name="SCCWinners"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65008695|title=Raith Rovers 0-1 Hamilton Academical: 10-man Accies hold on to win SPFL Trust Trophy|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=26 March 2023}}</ref> |- | [[2023–24 Scottish Challenge Cup|2023–24]] | [[Airdrieonians F.C.|Airdrieonians]] (2) | align=center| [[2024 Scottish Challenge Cup final|2–1]] | {{Flagicon|WAL}} [[The New Saints F.C.|The New Saints]] | [[Falkirk Stadium]] | align=center| 3,191 | <ref name="SCCWinners"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/68544471|title=Airdrieonians win SPFL Trust Trophy to thwart The New Saints record|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=24 March 2024}}</ref> |- | [[2024–25 Scottish Challenge Cup|2024–25]] | [[Livingston F.C.|Livingston]] (2) | align=center| [[2025 Scottish Challenge Cup final|5–0]] | [[Queen's Park F.C.|Queen's Park]] | [[Falkirk Stadium]] | align=center| 4,079 | <ref name="SCCWinners"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cz03vzdrgmpt|title=Livi put five past Queen's Park to win SPFL Trust Trophy|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=30 March 2025}}</ref> |} ===Performance by club=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: center;" |- ! scope="col"| Club ! scope="col"| Wins ! scope="col"| Last final won |- ! scope="row"| [[Falkirk F.C.|Falkirk]] | 4 | [[2012 Scottish Challenge Cup final|2012]] |- ! scope="row"| [[Hamilton Academical F.C.|Hamilton Academical]] | 3 | [[2023 Scottish Challenge Cup final|2023]] |- ! scope="row"| [[Inverness Caledonian Thistle F.C.|Inverness Caledonian Thistle]] | 3 | [[2020 Scottish Challenge Cup final|2020]]* |- ! scope="row"| [[Ross County F.C.|Ross County]] | 3 | [[2019 Scottish Challenge Cup final|2019]] |- ! scope="row"| [[Raith Rovers F.C.|Raith Rovers]] | 3 | [[2020 Scottish Challenge Cup final|2022]] |- ! scope="row"| ''[[Airdrieonians F.C. (1878)|Airdrieonians (1878)]]'' | 3 | [[2001 Scottish Challenge Cup final|2001]] |- ! scope="row"| [[Queen of the South F.C.|Queen of the South]] | 2 | [[2013 Scottish Challenge Cup final|2013]] |- ! scope="row"| [[Dundee F.C.|Dundee]] | 2 | [[2009 Scottish Challenge Cup final|2009]] |- ! scope="row"|[[Airdrieonians F.C.|Airdrieonians]] | 2 | [[2024 Scottish Challenge Cup final|2024]] |- ! scope="row"| [[Livingston F.C.|Livingston]] | 2 | [[2025 Scottish Challenge Cup final|2025]] |- ! scope="row"|[[St Mirren F.C.|St Mirren]] | 1 | [[2005 Scottish Challenge Cup final|2005]] |- ! scope="row"| [[Alloa Athletic F.C.|Alloa Athletic]] | 1 | [[1999 Scottish Challenge Cup final|1999]] |- ! scope="row"| [[Dundee United F.C.|Dundee United]] | 1 | [[2017 Scottish Challenge Cup final|2017]] |- ! scope="row"| [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] | 1 | [[2016 Scottish Challenge Cup final|2016]] |- ! scope="row"| [[St Johnstone F.C.|St Johnstone]] | 1 | [[2007 Scottish Challenge Cup final|2007]] |- ! scope="row"| [[Stranraer F.C.|Stranraer]] | 1 | [[1996 Scottish Challenge Cup final|1996]] |- ! scope="row"| [[Stenhousemuir F.C.|Stenhousemuir]] | 1 | [[1995 Scottish Challenge Cup final|1995]] |- |} ==Sponsorship== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- ! Period ! Sponsor ! Name |- | 1990–1995 | [[B&Q]] | B&Q Centenary Cup (until 1991) then B&Q Cup |- | 1995–1998 | No sponsor | Scottish Challenge Cup |- | 1999–2006 | Bell's Whisky | Bell's Challenge Cup (until 2002) then Bell's Cup |- | 2006–2008 | No sponsor | Scottish Challenge Cup |- | 2008–2011 | MG Alba | ALBA Challenge Cup |- | 2011–2014 | Ramsdens | Ramsdens Cup |- | 2014–2016 | Petrofac | Petrofac Training Cup |- | 2016–2019 | [[Irn-Bru]] | Irn-Bru Cup |- | 2019–2020 | [[Tunnock's]] | Tunnock's Caramel Wafer Challenge Cup |- | 2021–2025 | SPFL Trust | SPFL Trust Trophy |- | 2025– | KDM Group | KDM Evolution Trophy<ref>{{cite web|url=https://spfl.co.uk/news/kdm-evolution-trophy|title=KDM Evolution Trophy|publisher=[[Scottish Professional Football League]]|website=spfl.co.uk|date=7 May 2025}}</ref> |} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * [https://spfl.co.uk/ Official website] {{Scottish Professional Football League}} [[Category:Scottish Football League]] 0j7n2s37re5mkmtaorkpb6rdflgw7l6 0 1189413 10368837 10323857 2025-07-03T03:18:23Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Neha Sharma | image = Neha Sharma at the premiere of her film Jogira Sara Ra Ra (cropped).jpg | caption = Sharma in 2023 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1987|11|21}} | birth_place = [[Bhagalpur, Bihar]], India | alma mater = [[National Institute of Fashion Technology|National Institute of Fashion Technology, New Delhi]] | occupation = Actress, model | years_active = 2007–present | party = [[Indian National Congress]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-26 |title=Actor Neha Sharma holds roadshow in support of father in Bihar's Bhagalpur |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha/story/neha-sharma-roadshow-bihar-bhagalpur-congress-candidate-father-lok-sabha-polls-2531835-2024-04-26 |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=India Today |archive-date=14 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714143845/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha/story/neha-sharma-roadshow-bihar-bhagalpur-congress-candidate-father-lok-sabha-polls-2531835-2024-04-26 |url-status=live}}</ref> | parents = [[Ajit Sharma]] (father) | relatives = [[Aisha Sharma]] (sister) }} '''Neha Sharma''' (born 21 November 1987) is an Indian actress, model, and businesswoman.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=31 August 2018 |title=Pictures of the charming Bollywood actress Neha Sharma |url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/celebs/bollywood/neha-sharma-photos/articleshow/65352958.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719080440/https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/celebs/bollywood/neha-sharma-photos/articleshow/65352958.cms |archive-date=19 July 2019 |access-date=23 June 2019 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Sharma has acted in many films like ''Yamla Pagla Deewana 2'' (2013), ''Solo'' (2017), and ''Tanhaji'' (2020). She started working in web series with ''Illegal'' in 2020. She also acted in short films ''Kriti'' and ''Vikalp'', where she played the main roles. == Early life == Neha Sharma was born on 21 November 1987,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/topic/neha-sharma |title=Topic Neha Sharma |website=India Today |access-date=14 November 2024 |archive-date=12 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912205639/https://www.indiatoday.in/topic/neha-sharma |url-status=live}}</ref> into a Hindu family in [[Bihar]], She studied at Mount Carmel School in Bhagalpur and later did a fashion design course<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.freeimagesgallery.com/neha-sharma-images |title=Neha Sharma Albums |work=FreeImagesGallery.com |date=9 September 2012 |access-date=9 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916214043/http://www.freeimagesgallery.com/neha-sharma-images |archive-date=16 September 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> at the National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) in New Delhi.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Serial-kisser-arrives-in-city-to-promote-crook-/articleshow/6674118.cms?referral=PM |title='Serial kisser' arrives in city to promote crook |last=Kashyap |first=Pooja |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=2 October 2010 |access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref> == Personal life == Her hobbies are cooking, listening to music, reading, and dancing.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://calcuttatube.com/crook-its-good-to-be-bad-hindi-film-actress-neha-sharma-interview/123823/ |title=Crook- It's Good To Be Bad Hindi Film Actress Neha Sharma Interview |author=Calcutta Tube Team |work=Calcutta Tube |date=5 October 2010 |access-date=13 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808140141/http://calcuttatube.com/crook-its-good-to-be-bad-hindi-film-actress-neha-sharma-interview/123823/ |archive-date=8 August 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Sharma has learned the Indian classical dance form called Kathak. She has also learned street hip hop and Latin dances like salsa, merengue, jive, and jazz at Pineapple Dance Studios in London.<ref name="The Times of India"/> She sees Kate Moss as her style inspiration. Sharma also dreams of starting her own clothing brand.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/beauty/Neha-Sharma-reveals-her-beauty-secrets/articleshow/8167419.cms?referral=PM |title=Neha Sharma reveals her beauty secrets |last=Sinha |first=Seema |work=The Times of India |date=5 May 2011 |access-date=16 February 2019 |archive-date=9 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009015741/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/beauty/Neha-Sharma-reveals-her-beauty-secrets/articleshow/8167419.cms?referral=PM |url-status=live}}</ref> ==Filmography== {| class="wikitable" |+Key | style="background:#ffc;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} | Denotes films that have not yet been released |} === Movies=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | Year ! scope="col" | Title ! scope="col" | Role ! scope="col" | Language ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Ref. |- | 2007 || ''[[Chirutha]]'' || Sanjana || [[Telugu language|Telugu]]|| ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Neha Sharma's reply to fan wanting to see her and Ram Charan together on-screen again is winning the internet |url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/telugu-cinema/article/neha-sharmas-reply-to-fan-wanting-to-see-her-and-ram-charan-together-on-screen-again-is-winning-the-internet/592857 |access-date=5 January 2022 |website=zoomtventertainment.com |archive-date=5 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105070330/https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/telugu-cinema/article/neha-sharmas-reply-to-fan-wanting-to-see-her-and-ram-charan-together-on-screen-again-is-winning-the-internet/592857 |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2009 || ''[[Kurradu]]'' || Hema ||Telugu|| ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2009/oct/06/kurradu-wraps-up-shooting-94289.html |title=Shooting of 'Kurradu' with Varun Sandesh and Neha Sharma in the lead was completed recently. |work=The New Indian Express |date=6 October 2009 |access-date=19 November 2019 |archive-date=18 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718223936/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2009/oct/06/kurradu-wraps-up-shooting-94289.html |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2010 || ''[[Crook (movie)|Crook]]'' || Suhani|| [[Hindi]] || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/neha-sharma-to-debut-in-emraan-hashmi-starrer-crook-its-good-to-be-bad/ |title=Neha Sharma to debut in Emraan Hashmi starrer Crook: It's Good To Be Bad |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=9 March 2016 |access-date=19 November 2019 |archive-date=17 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717170044/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/neha-sharma-to-debut-in-emraan-hashmi-starrer-crook-its-good-to-be-bad/ |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | 2012 || ''[[Teri Meri Kahaani (movie)|Teri Meri Kahaani]]'' || Meera || Hindi|| Cameo appearance ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/neha-sharma-is-shahid-s-love-interest-in-teri-meri-kahaani_111206.html |title=Neha Sharma is Shahid's love interest in 'Teri Meri Kahaani' |work=Zee News |date=12 May 2012 |access-date=19 November 2019 |archive-date=26 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526093144/https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/neha-sharma-is-shahid-s-love-interest-in-teri-meri-kahaani_111206.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/20120611-neha-sharma-to-star-with-shahid-in-teri-meri-kahaani-758675-2012-06-02 |title=Neha Sharma to star with Shahid in Teri Meri Kahaani |work=India Today |date=2 June 2012 |access-date=19 November 2019 |archive-date=17 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717171538/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/20120611-neha-sharma-to-star-with-shahid-in-teri-meri-kahaani-758675-2012-06-02 |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | ''[[Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum]]'' || Simran Singhania ||Hindi|| ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kya-super-kool-hain-hum-adult-comedy-riteish-deshmukh-tusshar-kapoor-107323-2012-06-28 |title=Neha, Sarah make Kya Super Kool Hain Hum look fresh: Riteish |work=India Today |date=28 June 2012 |access-date=19 November 2019 |archive-date=18 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718021636/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kya-super-kool-hain-hum-adult-comedy-riteish-deshmukh-tusshar-kapoor-107323-2012-06-28 |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | 2013 || ''[[Jayantabhai Ki Luv Story]]'' || Simran Desai ||Hindi || ||<ref>{{Cite web |title='Jayanta Bhai Ki Luv Story' {{!}} Neha Sharma |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/promo-launch-of-jayanta-bhai-ki-luv-story/promo-launch-of-jayanta-bhai-ki-luv-story-9/ |access-date=5 January 2022 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> |- | ''[[Yamla Pagla Deewana 2]]'' || Suman Khanna ||Hindi || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/yamla-pagla-deewana-2-biggest-film-157619-2013-04-03 |title=Yamla Pagla Deewana 2 my biggest film so far: Neha Sharma |work=India Today |date=3 April 2013 |access-date=19 November 2019 |archive-date=19 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719015427/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/yamla-pagla-deewana-2-biggest-film-157619-2013-04-03 |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2014 || ''[[Youngistaan]]'' || Anwita Chauhan || Hindi|| ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2014 |title=Neha Sharma goes de-glam for Youngistan! |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/neha-sharma-goes-de-glam-for-youngistan/ |access-date=5 January 2022 |website=The Indian Express |archive-date=5 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105070326/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/neha-sharma-goes-de-glam-for-youngistan/ |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" | 2016 || ''[[Kriti (movie)|Kriti]]'' || Kriti || Hindi|| Short film ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.india.com/showbiz/shirish-kunders-short-film-kriti-released-manoj-bajpayee-radhika-apte-neha-sharma-starrer-psycho-thriller-is-gripping-1280605/ |title=Shirish Kunder's short film Kriti released: Manoj Bajpayee, Radhika Apte & Neha Sharma starrer psycho thriller is gripping |work=India.com |date=23 June 2016 |access-date=19 November 2019 |archive-date=21 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821072154/http://www.india.com/showbiz/shirish-kunders-short-film-kriti-released-manoj-bajpayee-radhika-apte-neha-sharma-starrer-psycho-thriller-is-gripping-1280605/ |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | ''[[Xuanzang (movie)|Xuanzang]]'' ||Kumari||[[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]|| ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/sonu-sood-ali-fazal-and-neha-sharma-part-of-xuanzang-china-oscars-350393-2016-11-05 |title=Sonu Sood, Ali Fazal and Neha Sharma part of Xuanzang, China's official entry to Oscars |work=India Today |date=5 November 2016 |access-date=19 November 2019}}</ref> |- | ''[[Tum Bin 2]]'' || Taran ||Hindi|| ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Tum-Bin-2-sneak-peek-Neha-Sharma-brings-back-the-romance/articleshow/54328723.cms |title='Tum Bin 2' sneak peek: Neha Sharma brings back the romance |work=The Times of India |date=28 January 2017 |access-date=19 November 2019 |archive-date=7 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807204009/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Tum-Bin-2-sneak-peek-Neha-Sharma-brings-back-the-romance/articleshow/54328723.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" | 2017 || ''[[Mubarakan]]'' || Advocate Nafisa Qureshi || Hindi|| ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/arjun-kapoor-shares-mubarakan-madness-with-neha-sharma/story-hk4J0ntYgvYWAUSnsPR32L.html |title=Arjun Kapoor shares Mubarakan 'madness' with Neha Sharma |work=Hindustan Times |date=30 November 2016 |access-date=19 November 2019 |archive-date=17 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717155356/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/arjun-kapoor-shares-mubarakan-madness-with-neha-sharma/story-hk4J0ntYgvYWAUSnsPR32L.html |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | ''[[Solo (2017 movie)|Solo]]'' || Akshara || [[Malayalam]] || || rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/solo-neha-sharma-on-her-tamil-film-debut-and-working-with-dulquer-salmaan-bejoy-nambiar-4112263.html |title=Solo: Neha Sharma on her Tamil film debut, and working with Dulquer Salmaan, Bejoy Nambiar |work=Firstpost |date=6 October 2017 |access-date=19 November 2019 |archive-date=20 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920194724/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/solo-neha-sharma-on-her-tamil-film-debut-and-working-with-dulquer-salmaan-bejoy-nambiar-4112263.html |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | Bhama || [[Tamil language|Tamil]]|| |- | rowspan="2" | 2020 || ''[[Tanhaji]]'' || Kamla Devi ||Hindi|| ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 October 2021 |title=After working for 10 years in B-town, Tanhaji actor Neha Sharma still gets rejected in auditions: It is a terrible feeling |url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/celebrity/excl-after-working-for-10-years-in-b-town-tanhaji-actor-neha-sharma-still-gets-rejected-in-auditions-it-is-a-terrible-feeling-article-87271212 |access-date=5 January 2022 |publisher=Zoom TV |archive-date=5 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105070328/https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/celebrity/excl-after-working-for-10-years-in-b-town-tanhaji-actor-neha-sharma-still-gets-rejected-in-auditions-it-is-a-terrible-feeling-article-87271212 |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | ''Ik Sandhu Hunda Si'' || Simran|| [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]|| ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/gippy-grewal-welcomes-neha-sharma-to-punjab/articleshow/70481024.cms |title=Gippy Grewal welcomes Neha Sharma to Punjab |work=The Times of India |date=1 August 2019 |access-date=19 November 2019 |archive-date=22 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822045122/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/gippy-grewal-welcomes-neha-sharma-to-punjab/articleshow/70481024.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> |- |rowspan="2"|2021 ||''Vikalp'' ||Shivani ||Hindi ||Short film |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/entertainment/bollywood/neha-sharma-excited-about-her-new-film-vikalp20210825174859/ |title=Neha Sharma excited about her new film 'Vikalp' |access-date=19 June 2022 |archive-date=6 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306193638/https://www.aninews.in/news/entertainment/bollywood/neha-sharma-excited-about-her-new-film-vikalp20210825174859/ |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | ''[[Aafat-E-Ishq]]'' || Lallo ||Hindi|| ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 October 2021 |title=ZEE5 Original Aafat-E-Ishq starring Neha Sharma to premiere on October 29, 2021 - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/zee5-original-aafat-e-ishq-starring-neha-sharma-premiere-october-29-2021/ |access-date=5 January 2022 |archive-date=8 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008095440/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/zee5-original-aafat-e-ishq-starring-neha-sharma-premiere-october-29-2021/ |url-status=live}}</ref> |- |rowspan="2"|2023 |''[[Jogira Sara Ra Ra]]'' || Dimple Chaubey ||Hindi|| ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Neha Sharma spills the beans on working with her Jogira Sara Ra Ra co-star Nawazuddin Siddiqui |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/neha-sharma-spills-the-beans-on-working-with-her-jogira-sara-ra-ra-co-star-nawazuddin-siddiqui |access-date=5 January 2022 |website=Free Press Journal |archive-date=5 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105070324/https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/neha-sharma-spills-the-beans-on-working-with-her-jogira-sara-ra-ra-co-star-nawazuddin-siddiqui |url-status=live}}</ref> |- |''[[Hi Nanna]]'' || Model ||Telugu|| Cameo appearance || {{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} |- |2024 |''[[Bad Newz (movie)|Bad Newz]]'' || Sejal ||Hindi|| Cameo appearance ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-ananya-panday-neha-sharma-crucial-cameos-bad-newz/|title=BREAKING: Ananya Panday, Neha Sharma have crucial cameos in Bad Newz|date=19 July 2024|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=19 July 2024|archive-date=19 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719091514/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-ananya-panday-neha-sharma-crucial-cameos-bad-newz/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2025 |{{pending film|Sanjog}} || ||Punjabi||Currently Filming || | | |- |2025 |{{pending film|[[De De Pyaar De 2]]}} || ||Hindi|| || | |} === Web series === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Year !Title !Role !Notes !Ref. |- |2020–2024 |''[[Illegal - Justice, Out of Order|Illegal]]'' |Advocate Niharika Singh | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Illegal review: Piyush Mishra and Neha Sharma's new web series is an ill-made legal drama |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/illegal-review-piyush-mishra-and-neha-sharma-s-new-web-series-is-an-ill-made-legal-drama-1676878-2020-05-11 |access-date=5 November 2021 |website=India Today |archive-date=5 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105213716/https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/illegal-review-piyush-mishra-and-neha-sharma-s-new-web-series-is-an-ill-made-legal-drama-1676878-2020-05-11 |url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2022 |''Shinning With The Sharmas'' |Herself | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=SocialSwag |url=https://socialswag.com/ |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=socialswag.com |archive-date=1 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701065558/https://socialswag.com/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2022 |title=Shining With The Sharmas: Neha Sharma, Sister Aisha Set To Debut In Kardashians-style Series |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/shining-with-the-sharmas-neha-sharma-sister-aisha-set-to-debut-in-kardashians-style-series-5257393.html |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=News18 |archive-date=7 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707070854/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/shining-with-the-sharmas-neha-sharma-sister-aisha-set-to-debut-in-kardashians-style-series-5257393.html |url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2024 |''[[36 Days (TV series)|36 Days]]'' |Farah Zaidi / Suhana Mohan | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-12 |title=36 Days review: Impatience rules in this Purab Kohli-Neha Sharma show |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/36-days-review-impatience-rules-in-this-purab-kohli-neha-sharma-show-9449728/ |access-date=2024-07-14 |website=The Indian Express |archive-date=19 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719144220/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/36-days-review-impatience-rules-in-this-purab-kohli-neha-sharma-show-9449728/ |url-status=live}}</ref> |} == Awards and Nominations == === Applause Entertainment Screenxx Awards === {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="width:5%;" | Year ! style="width:25%;"| Show ! style="width:25%;"| Category ! style="width:5%;" | Result ! style="width:1%;" class="unsortable"| {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}} |- | style="text-align:center;"| 2024 | style="text-align:center;"| ''[[36 Days (TV series)|36 Days]]'' | style="text-align:center;"| Best Female Actor | {{won}} | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="avawards2023wins">{{Cite web |title=Applause Entertainment Screenxx 2024 Awards |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/DCWJWo5uWyt/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link&igsh=MzRlODBiNWFlZA== |date=14 November 2024 |website=Instagram}}</ref> |- |} == References == {{reflist|30em}} == Other websites == {{Commons category}} * {{IMDb name}} * {{Bollywood Hungama person|neha-sharma}} * {{Facebook}} * {{Twitter}} * {{Instagram}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:1987 births]] [[Category:Indian actors]] rujb8t6mhfgg1hy1k5yzfu359ng0x94 0 1189530 10368856 10330724 2025-07-03T03:25:46Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{orphan|date=June 2025}} {{cleanup|reason=categories, links|date=June 2025}} {{More citations needed|date=May 2025}} '''Perfect North Slopes''' is a [[ski area]] in [[Lawrenceburg, Indiana|Lawrenceburg]], Indiana. It is one of only two skiing areas in Indiana. It consists of seven [[carpet lift]](Magic carpets)s and five [[chairlift]]s, and two tubing carpets. It has 23 runs, and includes two [[terrain parks]].<ref>https://perfectnorth.com/trail-map/</ref><ref>https://perfectnorth.com/</ref> ==Resort history== Perfect North Slopes was made by the Perfect family and others in 1980 on the land of their 200 acre farm. It used money from the sale of cows by Clyde & Ella Mae Perfect, and it began with two [[handle tow]]s and a rope tow on two ski runs on the "big" hill, and two rope tows on the [[bunny slope]]. In 1984, a chairlift was added where the "big" rope tow was, and another chair was added in 1985. In 1987, Perfect North installed a third chairlift, which added one medium and two hard runs. After a long time, they added two more chairlifts, which opened up 4 new ski runs.<ref>https://www.snowindustrynews.com/articles/2020/september/rip-clyde-allen-perfect-founder-of-perfect-north-ski-area/</ref> Perfect North Slopes did not allow [[snowboarding]] until 2002, making them very late to allow them. Some American places still do not allow snowboarders. In 2006, an avalanche happened on the hill. It was very strange as it happened in the Midwest United States, with just fake snow, and slid on grass. Pictures show that there was bad damage. Heat causing melting made a big heavy snow piece broke off on the steepest part.<ref>https://www.reddit.com/r/snowboarding/comments/pzl61o/my_home_mountain_perfect_north_slopes_in/</ref><ref>https://recreation-law.com/2008/02/10/avalanche-man-made-snow-to-the-ground/?utm_source=chatgpt.com</ref><ref>https://liftblog.com/white-perfect-north-slopes-in/</ref><ref>https://liftblog.com/red-perfect-north-slopes-in/</ref><ref>https://www.reddit.com/r/skiing/comments/1h47lco/snowmaking_in_indiana_perfect_north_slopes/</ref> On November 20, 2019, Perfect North bought [[Timberline Four Seasons Resort]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.skisoutheast.com/its-official-timberline-resort-is-sold-to-perfect-north-slopes/|title = It's Official! Timberline Resort is Sold to Perfect North Slopes!|date = 20 November 2019}}</ref> It is on the eastern slope of the Canaan Valley close to [[Davis, West Virginia]]. Timberline and close Cannan Valley Ski Resort get a lot of snow compared to everything around. Timberline had started breaking down, like sudden broken lifts and other building problems. A team fixed everything for 2020–2021. In 2019, Perfect North Slopes also bought Swiss Valley in Michigan, but did not tell anybody until 2025.<ref>https://snocountry.com/news-post/Perfect-North-Acquires-Southern-Michigan-Ski-Area/?postID=6351#:~:text=The%20chalet%20features%20a%20full,for%20Chapter%2011%20bankruptcy%20protection.</ref> Perfect North Slopes themselves said that they had fixed and started running First Tracks at Ski Train Depot (an ice cream and coffee shop), but when it happened we do not know.<ref>perfectnorth.com/first-tracks/</ref> In 2022, a new half mile (0.804672 kilometer) trail, Ella Mae Way, was made on the right side of the slopes. This was named after one of the makers of Perfect North Ella Mae Perfect.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-21 |title=Indiana ski resort Perfect North Slopes opens this week with new trail |url=https://www.wlky.com/article/perfect-north-slopes-ski-park-indiana-snow-open/42025489 |access-date=2023-10-20 |website=WLKY |language=en}}</ref> in 2023, the Red Chairlift was replaced by a new four person Chairlift.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Major Updates For The 23/24 Season – Perfect North Slopes |url=https://perfectnorth.com/major-updates-for-the-23-24-season/ |access-date=2023-10-20 |language=en-US}}</ref> In the 2024-25 season they replaced Jam Session and remade it left of Ella Mae Way with a beginner terrain park below it. They also added a few snow blowers with [[Electric generator|generator]]s being able to make more snow than many other generators. Perfect North was also where [[Nick Goepper]] practiced. Growing up about 15 minutes from the slopes, Goepper used to spend up to 12 hours a day training at Perfect North before he went to the [[2014 Winter Olympics|Winter Olympic Games]] in [[Sochi]], Russia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indystar.com/story/sports/2014/01/16/olympic-skier-nick-goepper-got-his-start-in-indiana/4541159/|title=Olympic skiing favorite Nick Goepper got his start in Indiana}}</ref> [[2018 Winter Olympics|Four years later]], in [[Pyeongchang]], [[South Korea]], Goepper excitedly asked "What's up, Perfect North?" to the camera.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stream.nbcolympics.com/2018-winter-olympics-primetime-show-feb-17-standard|title=NBC Primetime: Alpine Skiing, Freestyle, Skeleton, Ski Jumping, Short Track (Standard)}}</ref> ==Activities== The Perfect North Slopes lodge has 3 parts: east, west, and main. The west lodge is the first lodge. The main lodge and the East Lodge came after. The first floor of the main lodge has a small [[cafeteria]]. On the second floor of the east lodge, there is a small skiing and snowboarding shop. Near the main ski area is a {{convert|750|ft|m||adj=on}} tubing area<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sh4DAAAAMBAJ&q=downtown+cincinnati&pg=PA48 | title=Amateur Sports | publisher=Cincinnati Magazine | work=Cincinnati USA City Guide | year=2007 | accessdate=2013-05-06 | author=Smith, Steve| pages=48|display-authors=etal}}</ref> that includes 3 parts and 25 lanes. Perfect North Slopes gives ski and snowboarding lessons. Perfect North Slopes has two [[terrain park]]s. There is a hard terrain park and an easy terrain park. You can get to the hard terrain park with a chairlift and it has three jumps and a few rails. The easy terrain park is carpet serviced and has easy rails and small jumps. ===Trail list=== [[File:Perfect North Slopes - Runway (4260540092).jpg|thumb|Runway, one of the trails here.]] Difficulties from easy to hard Easiest/Green Circle : * Cat Walk (Carpets) * Rehearsal (Carpets) * Call back (Carpets) * Understudy (Carpets) * Broadway (Green Chair) More Difficult/Blue Square : * Ella Mae Way (Red Chair) * Backstage (Red Chair) * Tuff Enuff (Red Chair) * Hoyt Connection (White Chair, Orange Chair) * Clyde's Super Slide (Red Chair, White Chair, Orange Chair) * The Meadow (Blue Chair) * Ski Wiz (Green Chair) * Rewind (Orange Chair) * The Far Side (Orange Chair) * Runway (Orange Chair) Advanced Intermediate/Blue Square with Black Diamond : * Intermission [Race Course] (Orange Chair) Most Difficult/Black Diamond : * Center Stage (Red Chair, White Chair) * Deception (Red Chair, White Chair) * Prime Time (Orange Chair) * Special Effects(Orange Chair) Experts Only/Double Black Diamond : * Hollywood (Red Chair) Terrain parks/Orange oval: * Audition Terrain Park(Blue Chair) * Jam Session (Red chair, carpet) [[Snow tubing]] is allowed right of Orange Chair.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.perfectnorth.com//trail-map|title=Perfect North Slopes &#124; Trail Map}}</ref> ==Events== Perfect North allows nearby activities. Some are: Small Terrain park clinics, the yearly Big Air competition (Held in Audition Terrain Park), the Mud Stash, and a Spring Carnival. They also host an annual ski swap<ref>{{Cite web |title=Annual Sale and Swap – Perfect North Slopes |url=https://perfectnorth.com/annual-sale-and-swap/ |access-date=2023-10-20 |language=en-US}}</ref> and ColorFall, which is a fall themed event with lit walkway around the snowmaking pond, a hayride around Perfect North Slopes, and a fall themed menu and it happens a lot every year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ColorFall – Perfect North Slopes |url=https://perfectnorth.com/colorfall/ |access-date=2023-10-20 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ColorFall Menu – Perfect North Slopes |url=https://perfectnorth.com/colorfall-menu/ |access-date=2023-10-20 |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Food and beverage== Perfect North Slopes sells food and drinks in three different places. *The Chow Corral (In the Main Lodge) *The Grill (On the Main Deck when Weather Permits on Weekends) *Slip-N-Slide Snack Shack (In the Snow Tubing Area)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.perfectnorth.com/food--beverage|title=Perfect North Slopes &#124; Food & Beverage}}</ref> ==Facts== Place: 19074 Perfect Place Lane, Lawrenceberg, Indiana 47025 Coordinates: {{coord|39.149208|-84.886581|type:landmark_region:US-IN|display=inline,title}} Status: Temporarily closed for the ski season Height: {{convert|400|ft|abbr=on}} Top height: {{convert|800|ft|abbr=on}} Bottom height: {{convert|400|ft|abbr=on}} Skiable area :{{convert|100|acre|abbr=on}} Number trails: 23 total <br>[[File:Ski trail rating symbol-green circle.svg|13px]] 5 easy <br>[[File:Ski trail rating symbol-blue square.svg|13px]] 10 normal<br> [[File:Ski trail rating symbol-square diamond.svg|13px|Blue square]] 1 a bit hard<br>[[File:Ski trail rating symbol-black diamond.svg|13px]] 4 hard <br> [[File:Ski trail rating symbol-double black diamond.svg|13px|Double black diamond]] 1 super hard<br> [[File:Ski trail rating symbol-terrain park.svg|13px|Terrain park]] 2 terrain parks Longest run: ''The Far Side'' {{convert|0.56|mi|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Jollyturns Ski & Snowboarding Perfect North Slopes runs |url=https://jollyturns.com/resort/united-states-of-america/perfect-north-slopes?z=14.39&x=-84.887241&y=39.145468 |website=jollyturns.com |access-date=11 May 2025 |language=en |date=8 November 2021}}</ref> Lifts: 13 total (3 quad [[chairlift|chairs]], 2 triple [[chairlift|chairs]], 8 surface) Terrain parks: 2 Snowfall: {{convert|23|in|cm|abbr=on}} Snowmaking: Yes Nightskiing: Yes ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commons category}} *{{official website|http://www.perfectnorth.com/}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in Dearborn County, Indiana]] [[Category:Ski areas and resorts in Indiana]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Dearborn County, Indiana]] [[Category:1980 establishments in Indiana]] 3a4m5pjw7k6aj2zgca1e3jadh55n4pw 0 1189574 10367643 10333860 2025-07-02T12:59:17Z 24.47.179.93 10367643 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kaito Kid and Shinichi Kudo cosplayers at Japan Impact 20190217c.jpg|thumb|314x314px]] '''Shinichi Kudo''' (''工藤 新一, Kudo Shin'ichi'') '''(Conan Edogawa)''' (江戸川 コナン, ''Edogawa Conan''), Jimmy Kudo in most english localizations or Bobby Jackson in the spanish dub is the main character in the TV series and manga, [[Detective Conan]], he is a 16-year-old (17 in the anime) boy who became a 7-year-old kid after taking a drug (or poison) that was supposed to kill him. in the anime series, Jimmy's regular form is voiced by Jerry Jewell (Kappei Yamaguchi in Japanese) and his [[Alter ego|alter-ego]], Conan Edogawa is voiced by Alison Viktorin (Minami Takayama in Japanese). He takes the alias of "''Conan Edogawa''", which is derived from [[Arthur Conan Doyle]] (the author of Sherlock Holmes, born 1859; died in 1930) and Edogawa Ranpo (born 1894, died in 1965), a famous Japanese mystery author. [[Category:Anime characters]] [[Category:Fictional characters introduced in 1994]] {{bio-stub}} 24cf1eh37xonr1fyh8evmkk8gt85xb4 0 1189913 10368682 10309382 2025-07-03T02:00:38Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 /* International */ Typo: duplication 10368682 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Rudolf Raftl | image = | fullname = Rudolf Leopold Raftl | birth_date = {{birth date|1911|2|7|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Vienna]], [[Austria-Hungary]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1994|9|5|1911|2|7|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Vienna]], [[Austria]] | position = [[Goalkeeper]] | years1 = 1928-1929 | clubs1 = [[ASV Hertha Wien]] | caps1 = | goals1 = | years2 = 1930-1935 | clubs2 = [[SK Rapid Wien|Rapid Vienna]] | caps2 = 169 <ref>[https://rapidarchiv.at/spieler/raftl_rudolf.html Rapidarchiv] </ref> | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 1946-1948 | clubs3 = [[First Vienna FC]] | years4 = 1948-1949 | clubs4 = SV Heiligenstadt | caps3 = | goals3 = | nationalyears1 = 1933–1937 | nationalteam1 = [[Austria national football team|Austria]] | nationalcaps1 = 6 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 1938–1940 | nationalteam2 = [[Germany national football team|Germany]] | nationalcaps2 = 6 | nationalgoals2 = 0 | manageryears1 = 1948-1949 | managerclubs1 = SV Heiligenstadt (playing cooach) | manageryears2 = 1949-? | managerclubs2 = SK Herzogenburg }} '''Rudolf Leopold Raftl''' ( 7 February 1911 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary - 5 September 1994 in Vienna) was an [[Austria|Austrian]] football player. He played as goalkeeper mainly for [[SK Rapid Wien]] . He also played for the [[Austria national football team|Austrian national football team]]. During the Nazi occupation of Austria he played also for the [[Germany national football team|German national football team]]. ==Career == Rudolf Raftl began his professional career with [[ASV Hertha Wien]] in the 1928/29 season. He then moved to [[SK Rapid Wien|SK Rapid]]. He won the championship with the team in 1935 ,1938, 1940 and 1941. Rapid competed for the German Cup and the German championship. In 1938, Rudolf Raftl won the German Cup and in 1941 he was in goal in the championship final against [[FC Schalke 04]]. After the end of the Second World War, the goalkeeper played for [[First Vienna FC|First Vienna FC 1894]] for two more seasons from 1946 to 1948. He then worked as a player-coach at Heiligenstädter SV. Then he was coach at SK Herzogenburg in 1949. ==International == Rudolf Raftl played six international matches for the [[Austria national football team|Austrian national team]] and finished fourth at the [[1934 FIFA World Cup|1934 World Cup]] in Italy. He made his debut in 1933. After qualifying for the 1938 World Cup, Austria was forced to withdraw from the competition after the Anschluss, as the Austrian national team was disbanded. He played for the German Reich. He played both matches at the [[1938 FIFA World Cup|1938 World Cup]] in France. On October 26, 1938, to mark the 75th anniversary of the founding of [[The Football Association]], a match was played in London between the England national team and a continental selection assembled by [[FIFA]]. Raftl was nominated as the reserve goalkeeper for the Italian Aldo Olivieri and ultimately did not play in the mainland selection at Highbury. In a preparatory match versus Netherlands a few days earlier, he was substituted in the second half. ==Honours == * Austrian Champion: [[1934-35 Austrian football championship|1935]], [[1937-38 Austrian football championship|1938]], [[1939-40 Austrian football championship|1940]], [[1940-41 Austrian football championship|1941]] * German Champion 1941 * Tschammer Cup Winner 1938 * 6 international matches for Austria (1933–1937) including participation in the [[1934 FIFA World Cup|1934 World Cup]] * 6 international matches for the German Reich (1938–1940) including participation in the [[1938 FIFA World Cup|1938 World Cup]] == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Raftl, Rudolf}} [[Category:1911 births]] [[Category:1994 deaths]] [[Category:Players of the Austrian national football team]] [[Category:SK Rapid Wien players]] [[Category:Austrian football goalkeepers]] [[Category:Austrian football champions]] fw2k57qbyhhki80fc5f19jwuek1qthi 0 1189990 10369313 10334808 2025-07-03T09:39:39Z BlackJack 572554 Added {{[[Template:copyedit|copyedit]]}} and {{[[Template:no sources|no sources]]}} tags to article ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369313 wikitext text/x-wiki {{copyedit|date=July 2025}} {{no sources|date=July 2025}} {{update}} [[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi with the Indian Women Cricket Team, in New Delhi.jpg|thumb|The Indian women's cricket team in 2017]] The '''women's national [[cricket]] team of India''' is governed by the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI). The team has [[List of International Cricket Council members#Full Members|full membership]] of the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC), so it has both [[Test cricket|Test]] and [[One Day International]] (ODI) status. [[File:2020 ICC W T20 WC I v B 02-24 Kaur (01).jpg|thumb|India's Womens Cricket Captain in 2023 - [[Harmanpreet Kaur]]]] The team was established in 1976, and later debuted in 2016 for the T20 international tournaments. {| class="wikitable" !Format !Matches !Win/Loss/Drawn !No Result !Inaugural Match |- |Test |38 |5/6/27 | - |v [[England cricket team|England]]; 5 August 2006 |- |ODI |301 |164/132/1 |4 |v [[England cricket team|England]]; 1 January 1978 |- |T20I |167 |89/74 |4 |v [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]]; 2 November 1976 |} == Official ICC ODI &T20 Rankings == The Nationals women's team is ranked at 4th place with a rating of 104 in ODIs and is ranked 4th in T20Is with a rating of 265. == Squad == * Captain: [[Harmanpreet Kaur]] * Vice Captain: [[Smriti Mandhana]] * Wicket-Keeper: [[Taniya Bhatia]], [[Yastika Bhatia]], [[Richa Ghosh]] * Batters: [[Harleen Deol]], [[Dayalan Hemalatha]], [[Sabbhineni Meghana]], [[Kiran Navgire]], [[Jemimah Rodrigues]], [[Shafali Verma]] * All-rounders: [[Simran Bahadur]], [[Armanjot Kaur]], [[Shikha Pandey]], [[Sneh Rana]], [[Deepti Sharma]], [[Devika Vaidya]] * Bowlers: [[Radha Yadav]], [[Anjali Sarvani]], [[Meghna Singh]], [[Renuka Singh]], [[Pooja Vastrakar]], [[Rajeshwari Gayakwad]] [[Category:Cricket teams in India]] [[Category:Test cricket teams]] [[Category:Women's national cricket teams]] {{sport-stub}} kqmoayw6yh3nwfwg3n3270pq29kfrt8 0 1190105 10368839 10334772 2025-07-03T03:18:52Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Distinguish|United States congressional delegations from New Mexico}}{{Infobox legislature|background_color={{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}|name=New Mexico House of Representatives|native_name=Cámara de representantes de Nuevo México|legislature=[[New Mexico Legislature]]|coa_pic=Seal of the New Mexico House of Representatives.svg|term_limits=''None''|new_session=January 21, 2025|house_type=Lower house|leader1_type=[[List of speakers of the New Mexico House of Representatives|Speaker]]|leader1=[[Javier Martínez (politician)|Javier Martínez]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])|election1=January 17, 2023|leader3_type=Majority Leader|leader3=[[Reena Szczepanski]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])|election3=January 21, 2025|leader4_type=Minority Leader|leader4=[[Gail Armstrong (politician)|Gail Armstrong]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]])|election4=January 21, 2025|term_length=2 years|authority=Article IV, [[New Mexico Constitution]]|salary=None + per diem|members=70|structure1=New Mexico House of Representatives 2022.svg|structure1_res=250px|political_groups1='''Majority''' * {{Color box|{{Party color|Democratic Party (US)}}|border=darkgray}} [[Democratic Party of New Mexico|Democratic]] (44) '''Minority''' * {{Color box|#FF0000|border=darkgray}} [[Republican Party of New Mexico|Republican]] (26)|last_election1=[[2024 New Mexico House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024]]<br />(70 seats)|next_election1=[[2026 New Mexico House of Representatives election|November 3, 2026]]<br />(70 seats)|redistricting=Legislative Control|meeting_place=House of Representatives Chamber<br />[[New Mexico State Capitol]]<br />[[Santa Fe, New Mexico|Santa Fe]], New Mexico|website={{URL|www.nmlegis.gov}}}} The '''New Mexico House of Representatives''' ({{langx|es|Cámara de representantes de Nuevo México}}) is the lower house of the [[New Mexico Legislature]]. There are 70 members of the House. Each member represents roughly 25,980 residents of the U.S. state of [[New Mexico]]. The most recent elections were held on [[2024 New Mexico House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024]]. During that election, the [[Republican Party of New Mexico]] picked up one seat. == Composition == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="3" | ! colspan="3" |Party<div style="font-size:80%">(Shading indicates majority caucus)</div> ! rowspan="3" |Total ! |- style="height:5px" | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}}" | | style="background-color:{{party color|Independent (United States)}}" | | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}" | | style="background-color:black" | |- ![[New Mexico Democratic Party|Democratic]] ![[Independent politician|Ind]] ![[New Mexico Republican Party|Republican]] !Vacant |- ! nowrap="" style="font-size:80%" |End 2010 | {{party shading/Democratic}} |42 |0 |28 !70 |0 |- | colspan="7" | |- ! nowrap="" style="font-size:80%" |Begin 2011 | {{party shading/Democratic}} |37 |0 | rowspan="2" |33 ! rowspan="2" |70 | rowspan="2" |0 |- ! nowrap="" style="font-size:80%" |End 2012 | {{party shading/Democratic}} |36 | {{party shading/Independent (US)}} |1 |- | colspan="7" | |- ! nowrap="" style="font-size:80%" |2013-2014 | {{party shading/Democratic}} |37 |0 |33 !70 |0 |- | colspan="7" | |- ! nowrap="" style="font-size:80%" |2015-2016 |33 |0 | {{party shading/Republican}} |37 !70 |0 |- | colspan="7" | |- ! nowrap="" style="font-size:80%" |2017-2018 | {{party shading/Democratic}} |38 |0 |32 !70 |0 |- | colspan="7" | |- ! nowrap="" style="font-size:80%" |Begin 2019 | {{party shading/Democratic}} |46 | rowspan="2" |0 | rowspan="2" |24 !70 |0 |- ! nowrap="" style="font-size:80%" |End 2020 | {{party shading/Democratic}} |43 !67 |3 |- | colspan="7" | |- ! nowrap="" style="font-size:80%" |Begin 2021 | {{party shading/Democratic}} rowspan="2" |45 |0 |25 ! rowspan="2" |70 | rowspan="2" |0 |- ! nowrap="" style="font-size:80%" |February 6, 2021<ref>[[Phelps Anderson]] (District 66) [[Party switching in the United States|left the Republican Party]] and became an independent.{{Cite web|title=Lawmaker leaves Republican Party, becomes an independent|url=https://nmpoliticalreport.com/2021/02/06/lawmaker-leaves-republican-party-becomes-independent/|access-date=2021-02-06|website=New Mexico Political Report|language=en}}</ref> |1 |24 |- | colspan="7" | |- ! nowrap="" style="font-size:80%" |Begin 2023 | {{party shading/Democratic}} rowspan="1" |45 |0 |25 ! rowspan="1" |70 | rowspan="1" |0 |- ! | | | ! | |- !Latest voting share ! {{party shading/Democratic}} |{{percentage|45|70|0}} !{{percentage|0|70|0}} !{{percentage|25|70|0}} ! colspan="2" | |- |} == Leadership == {| class="wikitable" ! style="text-align:center;" |Position !Representative <ref>{{cite web|title=Leadership|url=https://www.nmlegis.gov/Members/Leadership|access-date=August 24, 2023|website=New Mexico Legislature}}</ref> !Party !District |- |[[Speaker (politics)|Speaker of the House of Representantes]] |[[Javier Martínez (politician)|Javier Martínez]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |11 |- |[[Majority leader|Majority Floor Leader]] |[[Reena Szczepanski]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |47 |- |[[Whip (politics)|Majority Whip]] |[[Dayan Hochman-Vigil]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |15 |- |[[Minority leader|Minority Floor Leader]] |[[Gail Armstrong (politician)|Gail Armstrong]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |49 |- |[[Whip (politics)|Minority Whip]] |[[Alan Martinez]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |23 |} == Current members == {| class="wikitable sortable" !District !State Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=Districts|url=http://www.nmlegis.gov/lcs/districts.aspx|access-date=September 21, 2015|website=New Mexico Legislature}}</ref> !Party !Residence !Elected |- |1 |[[Rod Montoya]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Farmington, New Mexico|Farmington]] |2014 |- |2 |[[Mark Duncan (politician)|Mark Duncan]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Farmington, New Mexico|Farmington]] |2022 |- |3 |[[Bill Hall (New Mexico politician)|Bill Hall]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Aztec, New Mexico|Aztec]] |2024† |- |4 |[[Joseph Franklin Hernandez]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Shiprock, New Mexico|Shiprock]] |2024 |- |5 |[[Doreen Wonda Johnson]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Church Rock, New Mexico|Church Rock]] |2014 |- |6 |[[Martha Garcia (New Mexico politician)|Martha Garcia]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Pine Hill, New Mexico|Pine Hill]] |2025† |- |7 |[[Tanya Mirabal Moya]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Los Lunas, New Mexico|Los Lunas]] |2022 |- |8 |[[Brian Baca]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Los Lunas, New Mexico|Los Lunas]] |2022† |- |9 |[[Patricia Lundstrom]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Gallup, New Mexico|Gallup]] |2000 |- |10 |[[G. Andrés Romero]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]] |2014 |- |11 |[[Javier Martínez (politician)|Javier Martínez]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]] |2014 |- |12 |[[Art De La Cruz]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]] |2022† (2020†*) |- |13 |[[Patricia Roybal Caballero]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]] |2004 |- |14 |[[Miguel Garcia (politician)|Miguel Garcia]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]] |1996 |- |15 |[[Dayan Hochman-Vigil]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]] |2018 |- |16 |[[Yanira Gurrola]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]] |2023† |- |17 |[[Cynthia Borrego]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]] |2022 |- |18 |[[Marianna Anaya]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]] |2024 |- |19 |[[Janelle Anyanonu]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]] |2022 |- |20 |[[Meredith Dixon]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]] |2020 |- |21 |[[Debra M. Sariñana]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]] |2016 |- |22 |[[Stefani Lord]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Tijeras, New Mexico|Tijeras]] |2020 |- |23 |[[Alan Martinez]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Bernalillo, New Mexico|Bernalillo]] |2022 |- |24 |[[Elizabeth Thomson (politician)|Elizabeth Thomson]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]] |2016 (2012*) |- |25 |[[Cristina Parajón]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]] |2023† |- |26 |[[Eleanor Chávez]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]] |2022 (2008*) |- |27 |[[Marian Matthews]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]] |2019† |- |28 |[[Pamelya Herndon]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]] |2021† |- |29 |[[Joy Garratt]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]] |2018 |- |30 |[[Diane Torres-Velásquez]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]] |2024 |- |31 |[[Nicole Chavez (politician)|Nicole Chavez]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]] |2024 |- |32 |[[Jenifer Jones]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Deming, New Mexico|Deming]] |2022 |- |33 |[[Micaela Lara Cadena]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Mesilla, New Mexico|Mesilla]] |2018 |- |34 |[[Raymundo Lara]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[La Mesa, New Mexico|La Mesa]] |2018 |- |35 |[[Angelica Rubio]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Las Cruces, New Mexico|Las Cruces]] |2016 |- |36 |[[Nathan Small]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Las Cruces, New Mexico|Las Cruces]] |2016 |- |37 |[[Joanne Ferrary]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Las Cruces, New Mexico|Las Cruces]] |2016 |- |38 |[[Rebecca Dow]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Truth or Consequences, New Mexico|Truth or Consequences]] |2024 |- |39 |[[Luis Terrazas (politician)|Luis Terrazas]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Bayard, New Mexico|Bayard]] |2020 |- |40 |[[Joseph L. Sanchez|Joseph Sanchez]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Alcalde, New Mexico|Alcalde]] |2022 (2018*) |- |41 |[[Susan K. Herrera]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Española, New Mexico|Española]] |2018 |- |42 |[[Kristina Ortez]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Taos, New Mexico|Taos]] |2020 |- |43 |[[Christine Chandler]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Los Alamos, New Mexico|Los Alamos]] |2018 |- |44 |[[Kathleen Cates]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Rio Rancho, New Mexico|Rio Rancho]] |2022 |- |45 |[[Linda Serrato]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Santa Fe, New Mexico|Santa Fe]] |2020† |- |46 |[[Andrea Romero]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Pojoaque, New Mexico|Pojoaque]] |2018 |- |47 |[[Reena Szczepanski]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Santa Fe, New Mexico|Santa Fe]] |2022 |- |48 |[[Tara Lujan]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Santa Fe, New Mexico|Santa Fe]] |2020† |- |49 |[[Gail Armstrong (politician)|Gail Armstrong]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Magdalena, New Mexico|Magdalena]] |2017† |- |50 |[[Matthew McQueen (politician)|Matthew McQueen]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Eldorado at Santa Fe, New Mexico|Eldorado]] |2014 |- |51 |[[John Block (New Mexico politician)|John Block]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Alamogordo, New Mexico|Alamogordo]] |2022 |- |52 |[[Doreen Gallegos]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Las Cruces, New Mexico|Las Cruces]] |2012 |- |53 |[[Sarah Silva (politician)|Sarah Silva]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Las Cruces, New Mexico|Las Cruces]] |2024 |- |54 |[[Jonathan Henry (politician)|Jonathan Henry]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Artesia, New Mexico|Artesia]] |2024 |- |55 |[[Cathrynn Brown]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Carlsbad, New Mexico|Carlsbad]] |2010 |- |56 |[[Harlan Vincent]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Glencoe, New Mexico|Glencoe]] |2022 |- |57 |[[Catherine Cullen]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Rio Rancho]] |2024 |- |58 |[[Angelita Meija]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Dexter, New Mexico|Dexter]] |2024 |- |59 |[[Mark Murphy (New Mexico politician)|Mark B. Murphy]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Roswell, New Mexico|Roswell]] |2025† |- |60 |[[Joshua Hernandez]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Rio Rancho, New Mexico|Rio Rancho]] |2020 |- |61 |[[Randall Pettigrew]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Lovington, New Mexico|Lovington]] |2020 |- |62 |[[Elaine Sena Cortez]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Hobbs, New Mexico|Hobbs]] |2024 |- |63 |[[Martin R. Zamora]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Santa Rosa, New Mexico|Santa Rosa]] |2018 |- |64 |[[Andrea Reeb]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Clovis, New Mexico|Clovis]] |2022 |- |65 |[[Derrick J. Lente|Derrick Lente]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Sandia Pueblo]] |2016 |- |66 |[[Jimmy Mason (politician)|Jimmy Mason]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Artesia, New Mexico|Artesia]] |2022 |- |67 |[[Jackie Chatfield|Jack Chatfield]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Mosquero, New Mexico|Mosquero]] |2018 |- |68 |[[Charlotte Little]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]] |2022 |- |69 |[[Michelle Paulene Abeyta]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[To'Hajiilee Navajo Chapter|To'Hajiilee]] |2024 |- |70 |[[Anita Gonzales (politician)|Anita Gonzales]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Las Vegas, New Mexico|Las Vegas]] |2024 |} : † Member was originally appointed. : * Member served a previous non-consecutive term. {{notelist}} == Past composition of the House of Representatives == {{main|Political party strength in New Mexico}} ''(The party control table shows the balance of power after each recent general election. The preceding Makeup table includes results of [[special election]]s since the last general election.)'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! style="text-align:left; vertical-align:bottom;" |Years ! {{Party shading/Democratic}} |[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] ! {{Party shading/Republican}} |[[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]] ! {{Party shading/Independent (US)}} |[[Independent politician|Independents]] |- | style="text-align:left" |2001–2002 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |42 |28 |0 |- | style="text-align:left" |2003–2004 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |43 |27 |0 |- | style="text-align:left" |2005–2006 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |42 |28 |0 |- | style="text-align:left" |2007–2008 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |42 |28 |0 |- | style="text-align:left" |2009–2010 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |45 |25 |0 |- | style="text-align:left" |2011–2012 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |36 |33 |1 |- | style="text-align:left" |2013 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |38 |32 |0 |- | style="text-align:left" |2014 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |37 |33 |0 |- | style="text-align:left" |2015–2016 |33 | {{Party shading/Republican}} |37 |0 |- | style="text-align:left" |2017–2018 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |38 |32 |0 |- | style="text-align:left" |2019–2020 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |46 |24 |0 |- | style="text-align:left" |2021–2022 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |45 |24 |1 |- | style="text-align:left" |2023–2024 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |45 |25 |0 |- | style="text-align:left" |2025–2026 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |43 |26 |1 |} == Related pages == * [[New Mexico Legislature]] * [[New Mexico Senate]] == References == {{reflist|30em}} == Other websites == * [https://www.nmlegis.gov/ New Mexico Legislature] Official Government Website {{United States legislatures}}{{coord|35.6820|-105.9397|dim:300_region:US-NM|display=title}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:New Mexico]] sl17fv2tnj0g6wtzri66vsqae7oj3y7 0 1190107 10368840 10342536 2025-07-03T03:19:04Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox legislature|background_color={{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}|name=New Mexico State Senate|native_name=Senado de Nuevo México|legislature=[[New Mexico Legislature]]|coa_pic=Seal of the New Mexico Senate.svg|term_limits=''None''|new_session=January 21, 2025|session_room=InteriorOfRoundhouseSenateNM.jpg|house_type=Upper house|leader1_type=[[Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico|President]]|leader1=[[Howie Morales]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])|election1=January 1, 2019|leader2_type=President pro tempore|leader2=[[Mimi Stewart]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])|election2=January 19, 2021|leader3_type=Majority Leader|leader3=[[Peter Wirth (politician)|Peter Wirth]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])|election3=January 17, 2017|leader4_type=Minority Leader|leader4=[[William Sharer]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]])|election4=January 21, 2025|term_length=4 years|authority=Article IV, [[New Mexico Constitution]]|salary=None + per diem|members=42|structure1=New Mexico Senate.svg|structure1_res=250px|political_groups1='''Majority''' * {{Color box|#0000FF|border=darkgray}} [[New Mexico Democratic Party|Democratic]] (26) '''Minority''' * {{Color box|#FF0000|border=darkgray}} [[New Mexico Republican Party|Republican]] (16)|last_election1=[[2024 New Mexico Senate election|November 5, 2024]]<br />(42 seats)|next_election1=[[2028 New Mexico Senate election|November 7, 2028]]<br/>(42 seats)|redistricting=Legislative Control|meeting_place=State Senate Chamber<br />[[New Mexico State Capitol]]<br />[[Santa Fe, New Mexico|Santa Fe]], [[New Mexico]]|website=[http://www.nmlegis.gov/ New Mexico State Legislature]|logo_pic=|picture=}} The '''New Mexico Senate''' ({{langx|es|Senado de Nuevo México}}) is the [[upper house]] of the [[New Mexico Legislature]]. The Senate has 42 members, with each senator representing an equal amount of single-member constituent districts across the state. All of the senate districts are divided to contain a average population of 43,300 state residents. Members of the Senate are elected to four-year terms, without [[Term limits in the United States|term limits]]. The Senate meets at the [[New Mexico State Capitol]] building in [[Santa Fe, NM|Santa Fe]]. == Composition == The makeup of the Senate for sessions from 2009–present is: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="3" |Affiliation ! colspan="2" |Party<div style="font-size:80%">(Shading indicates majority caucus)</div> ! rowspan="3" |Total ! |- style="height:5px" | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}}" | | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}" | | style="background: black" | |- ![[New Mexico Democratic Party|Democratic]] ![[New Mexico Republican Party|Republican]] !Vacant |- ! nowrap="" style="font-size:80%" |End 2008 | {{party shading/Democratic}} |24 |18 !42 |0 |- | colspan="5" | |- ! nowrap="" style="font-size:80%" |2009–2012 | {{party shading/Democratic}} |27 |15 !42 |0 |- | colspan="5" | |- ! nowrap="" style="font-size:80%" |Begin 2013 | {{party shading/Democratic}} |25 |17 ! rowspan="2" |42 | rowspan="2" |0 |- ! nowrap="" style="font-size:80%" |End 2016 | {{party shading/Democratic}} |24 |18 |- | colspan="5" | |- ! nowrap="" style="font-size:80%" |2017–2020 | {{party shading/Democratic}} |26 |16 !42 |0 |- | colspan="5" | |- ! nowrap="" style="font-size:80%" |2021–2024 | {{party shading/Democratic}} |27 |15 !42 |0 |- | colspan="5" | |- ! nowrap="" style="font-size:80%" |Begin 2025 | {{party shading/Democratic}} |26 |16 !42 |0 |- !Latest voting share ! {{party shading/Democratic}} |{{percentage|26|42|0}} !{{percentage|16|42|0}} ! colspan="2" | |} {{notelist}} === Leadership === {| class="wikitable" ! style="text-align:center;" |Position !Senator<ref>{{cite web|title=Leadership|url=http://www.nmlegis.gov/lcs/leadership.aspx|access-date=April 2, 2025|publisher=New Mexico Legislature}}</ref> !District |- |[[President of the Senate|President]]/Lieutenant Governor | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |[[Howie Morales]] | {{Party shading/Independent}} | |- |[[President Pro Tempore|President ''pro tempore'']] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |[[Mimi Stewart]] |17 |- |[[Majority Leader]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |[[Peter Wirth (politician)|Peter Wirth]] |25 |- |[[Whip (politics)|Majority Whip]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |[[Michael Padilla]] |14 |- |[[Minority Leader]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |[[William Sharer]] |1 |- |[[Whip (politics)|Minority Whip]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |[[Pat Woods (politician)|Pat Woods]] |7 |} === Current members === {| class="wikitable sortable" !District !Senator<ref>{{cite web|title=Districts|url=http://www.nmlegis.gov/lcs/districts.aspx|access-date=April 2, 2025|publisher=New Mexico Legislature}}</ref> !Party !Residence !First elected !Counties represented |- |[[New Mexico's 1st State Senate district|1]] |[[William Sharer]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Farmington, New Mexico|Farmington]] |2000 |[[San Juan County, New Mexico|San Juan]] (part) |- |2 |[[Steve D. Lanier]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Aztec, New Mexico|Aztec]] |2024 |San Juan (part) |- |3 |[[Shannon Pinto]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Tohatchi, New Mexico|Tohatchi]] |2019† |[[McKinley County, New Mexico|McKinley]] (part), San Juan (part) |- |4 |[[George Muñoz (politician)|George Muñoz]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Gallup, New Mexico|Gallup]] |2008 |[[Cibola County, New Mexico|Cibola]] (part), McKinley (part), San Juan (part) |- |5 |[[Leo Jaramillo]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Española, New Mexico|Española]] |2020 |[[Los Alamos County, New Mexico|Los Alamos]] (part), [[Rio Arriba County, New Mexico|Rio Arriba]] (part), [[Sandoval County, New Mexico|Sandoval]] (part), [[Santa Fe County, New Mexico|Santa Fe]] (part) |- |6 |[[Roberto Gonzales]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Ranchos de Taos, New Mexico|Ranchos de Taos]] |2019† |Los Alamos (part), Rio Arriba (part), Santa Fe (part), [[Taos County, New Mexico|Taos]] (part) |- |7 |[[Pat Woods (politician)|Pat Woods]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Broadview, Curry County, New Mexico|Broadview]] |2012† |[[Curry County, New Mexico|Curry]] (part), [[Harding County, New Mexico|Harding]] (part), [[Quay County, New Mexico|Quay]] (part), [[Union County, New Mexico|Union]] |- |8 |[[Pete Campos]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Las Vegas, New Mexico|Las Vegas]] |1990 |[[Colfax County, New Mexico|Colfax]], [[Guadalupe County, New Mexico|Guadalupe]], Harding (part), [[Mora County, New Mexico|Mora]], Quay (part), [[San Miguel County, New Mexico|San Miguel]] (part), Taos (part) |- |9 |[[Cindy Nava]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Bernalillo, New Mexico|Bernalillo]] |2024 |[[Bernalillo County, New Mexico|Bernalillo]] (part), Sandoval (part) |- |10 |[[Katy Duhigg]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]] |2020 |Bernalillo (part) |- |11 |[[Linda M. Lopez]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |Albuquerque |1996 |Bernalillo (part) |- |12 |[[Jay C. Block]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Rio Rancho, New Mexico|Rio Rancho]] |2024 |Bernalillo (part), Sandoval (part) |- |13 |[[Debbie O'Malley]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |Albuquerque |2024 |Bernalillo (part) |- |14 |[[Michael Padilla]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |Albuquerque |2012 |Bernalillo (part) |- |15 |[[Heather Berghmans]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |Albuquerque |2024 |Bernalillo (part) |- |16 |[[Antoinette Sedillo Lopez]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |Albuquerque |2019† |Bernalillo (part) |- |17 |[[Mimi Stewart]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |Albuquerque |2015† |Bernalillo (part) |- |18 |[[Natalie Figueroa (politician)|Natalie Figueroa]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |Albuquerque |2024 |Bernalillo (part) |- |19 |[[Ant Thornton]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Sandia Park, New Mexico|Sandia Park]] |2024 |Bernalillo (part), Sandoval (part), Santa Fe (part), [[Torrance County, New Mexico|Torrance]] (part) |- |20 |[[Martin Hickey]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |Albuquerque |2020 |Bernalillo (part) |- |21 |[[Nicole Tobiassen]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |Albuquerque |2024 |Bernalillo (part) |- |22 |[[Benny Shendo]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Jemez Pueblo, New Mexico|Jemez Pueblo]] |2012 |Bernalillo (part), McKinley (part), Rio Arriba (part), San Juan (part), Sandoval (part) |- |23 |[[Harold Pope Jr.]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |Albuquerque |2020 |Bernalillo (part) |- |24 |[[Linda Trujillo]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Santa Fe, New Mexico|Santa Fe]] |2024 |Santa Fe (part), [[Socorro County, New Mexico|Socorro]] (part) |- |25 |[[Peter Wirth (politician)|Peter Wirth]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |Santa Fe |2008 |Santa Fe (part) |- |26 |[[Moe Maestas]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]] |2022† |Bernalillo (part) |- |27 |[[Pat Boone (politician)|Pat Boone]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Elida, New Mexico|Elida]] |2024 |[[Chaves County, New Mexico|Chaves]] (part), Curry (part), [[De Baca County, New Mexico|De Baca]], [[Lea County, New Mexico|Lea]] (part), [[Roosevelt County, New Mexico|Roosevelt]] |- |28 |[[Gabriel Ramos (politician)|Gabriel Ramos]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Silver City, New Mexico|Silver City]] |2024{{efn|Served from 2019 to 2020 as a Democrat}} |[[Grant County, New Mexico|Grant]] (part), [[Hidalgo County, New Mexico|Hidalgo]] (part), [[Luna County, New Mexico|Luna]] (part) |- |29 |[[Joshua A. Sanchez]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Bosque, New Mexico|Bosque]] |2020 |Socorro (part), [[Valencia County, New Mexico|Valencia]] (part) |- |30 |[[Angel Charley]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Acoma, New Mexico|Acoma]] |2024 |Bernalillo (part) |- |31 |[[Joe Cervantes]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Las Cruces, New Mexico|Las Cruces]] |2012 |Chaves (part), [[Doña Ana County, New Mexico|Doña Ana]] (part), [[Otero County, New Mexico|Otero]] (part) |- |32 |[[Candy Ezzell]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Roswell, New Mexico|Roswell]] |2024 |Chaves (part), [[Eddy County, New Mexico|Eddy]] (part) |- |33 |[[Nick Paul (politician)|Nick Paul]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Alamogordo, New Mexico|Alamogordo]] |2024 |[[Lincoln County, New Mexico|Lincoln]], Otero (part) |- |34 |[[James G. Townsend]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Artesia, New Mexico|Artesia]] |2024 |Eddy (part), Otero (part) |- |35 |[[Crystal Brantley]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Elephant Butte, New Mexico|Elephant Butte]] |2020 |[[Catron County, New Mexico|Catron]], Doña Ana (part), Grant (part), Hidalgo (part), Luna (part), [[Sierra County, New Mexico|Sierra]], Socorro (part) |- |36 |[[Jeff Steinborn]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |Las Cruces |2016 |Doña Ana (part) |- |37 |[[William Soules]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |Las Cruces |2012 |Doña Ana (part) |- |38 |[[Carrie Hamblen]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |Las Cruces |2020 |Doña Ana (part) |- |39 |[[Liz Stefanics]] | {{Party shading/Democratic}} |Dem |[[Los Cerrillos, New Mexico|Los Cerrillos]] |2016 |San Miguel (part), Santa Fe (part), Torrance (part), Valencia (part) |- |40 |[[Craig Brandt]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |Rio Rancho |2012 |Sandoval (part) |- |41 |[[David Gallegos]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Eunice, New Mexico|Eunice]] |2020 |Eddy (part), Lea (part) |- |42 |[[Larry R. Scott]] | {{Party shading/Republican}} |Rep |[[Hobbs, New Mexico|Hobbs]] |2024 |Chaves (part), Eddy (part), Lea (part) |} † Senator was originally appointed. == Past composition of the Senate == {{main|Political party strength in New Mexico}} == Related pages == * [[New Mexico House of Representatives]] == Notes == {{notelist}} == References == {{reflist|30em}} == Other websites == * [http://www.nmlegis.gov/lcs/ Official government website] * [http://www.vote-smart.org/official_state_legislator.php?type=office&state_id=NM&criteria=upper Project Vote Smart – State Senate of New Mexico]{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{United States legislatures}}{{coord|35.6825|-105.9396|dim:300_region:US-NM|display=title}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:New Mexico]] 45ro3s5nozvf49f8sbd6mzws4kf9w1g 0 1190126 10368792 10323774 2025-07-03T02:49:33Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Politics of the United States}}{{merge|List of United States state legislatures|discuss=Talk:List of United States State Legislatures|date=May 2025}} This is a '''list of United States state legislatures'''. Each [[U.S. state|state]] in the United States has a [[legislature]] as part of its form of civil [[government]]. Most of the core details of the legislature are specified in the [[state constitution]]. With the exception of Nebraska, all [[State legislature (United States)|state legislatures]] are [[bicameral]] bodies, which have a [[lower house]] (Assembly, General Assembly, State Assembly, House of Delegates, or House of Representatives) and an [[upper house]] (Senate). The United States also has one [[District of Columbia|federal district]] and five non-state [[Territories of the United States|territories]] with local legislative branches, which are listed below. Among the states, the [[Nebraska Legislature]] is the only state with a [[Unicameralism|unicameral]] body. However, three other jurisdictions {{ndash}} the [[District of Columbia]], [[Guam]], and the [[U.S. Virgin Islands]] {{ndash}} also have unicameral bodies. The exact names, dates, [[term lengths]], [[term limit]]s, [[electoral system]]s, [[electoral districts]], and other details are determined by an individual state's laws. == Party summary == <div style="display:inline-table; vertical-align:top;"> {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:30px;" |+Party control of legislatures |[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] |28 |- |[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |18 |- |Split{{refn|"Split" in the sense that each of the two chambers are controlled by a different party (e.g., a Democratic Senate and Republican House) or one chamber is evenly split between parties and thus "[[hung parliament|hung]]". The Nebraska Legislature is [[Non-partisan democracy|nonpartisan]], and although the majority of members are registered members of the Republican Party, Nebraska's lack of formal party structure within its rules means that no single political party controls the Nebraska Legislature to the extent that political parties often control legislative bodies in other US states. However, for the general purposes of this information, understanding the Nebraska Legislature to be Republican-controlled is a merited oversimplification.|group="nb"}} | style="text-align:right;" |4 |- !Total !50 |} </div><div style="display:inline-table; vertical-align:top;"> {| class="wikitable" |+Party control of state governments |Republican [[Government trifecta|trifecta]] |23 |- |Democratic trifecta |15 |- |Democratic governor/Republican legislature | style="text-align:right;" |5 |- |Republican governor/Democratic legislature | style="text-align:right;" |3 |- |Democratic governor/Split legislature | style="text-align:right;" |3 |- |Republican governor/Split legislature | style="text-align:right;" |1 |- !Total !50 |} </div>'''Note:''' A party with the most amount of seats in a chamber may be forced to share power with other parties due to informal coalitions or may cede power outright because of disputes within its caucus.<div style="display:inline-table; vertical-align:top; margin-bottom:7px;">[[File:US_state_Legislature_and_Governor_Control.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_state_Legislature_and_Governor_Control.svg|thumb|300x300px|[[Government trifecta|US state and territory governments (governor and legislature)]] by party control {{legend|#33f|Democratic control}}{{legend|#f33|Republican control}}{{legend|#161687|[[New Progressive Party (Puerto Rico)|NPP]] control}}{{legend|#829|Split control}}]]</div><div style="display:inline-table; vertical-align:top;">[[File:US_State_Government_Control_Map.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_State_Government_Control_Map.svg|thumb|301x301px|US state and territorial legislatures by party control {{legend|#33f|Democratic control}}{{legend|#f33|Republican control}}{{legend|#161687|NPP control}}{{legend|#829|Split control}}]]</div> == State legislatures == <!--Sort values are Democratic value out of 1000. For example, a tied chamber would be 500, and D 30-10 would be 750. Independents are ignored unless they are part of a coalition.--> {{mw-datatable}} {| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable sort-under sticky-table-col1 sticky-table-head" |- ! rowspan="2" | State !! rowspan="2" | State executive !! rowspan="2" | Legislature name !! colspan="4" | Lower house !! colspan="4" | Upper house |- ! class=sticky-table-none | Name !! Size <ref name="Book of the States">{{cite book |title=The Book of the States |date=January 7, 2022 |publisher=The Council of State Governments |edition=53 |url=https://issuu.com/csg.publications/docs/bos_2021_issuu |access-date=July 10, 2022}}</ref> !! Party strength !! Term<br>(yrs.) !! Name !! Size <ref name="Book of the States"/> !! Party strength !! Term<br>(yrs.) |- | {{Flag|Alabama}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Alabama|Governor]] ||{{party shading/Republican}}| [[Alabama Legislature|Legislature]] || [[Alabama House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 105 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|267|R 76–29}} || 4 || [[Alabama Senate|Senate]] || 35 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|229|R 27–8}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Alaska}} | {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Alaska|Governor]] || {{party shading/American}}| [[Alaska Legislature|Legislature]] || [[Alaska House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 40 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|410|{{abbr|MC|Majority caucus}} 21–19{{refn|group="nb"|The majority in the Alaska House of Representatives is held by a coalition of 14 Democrats, 2 Republicans and 5 Independents. The minority consists of 19 Republicans.}}}} || 2 || [[Alaska Senate|Senate]] || 20 || {{Party shading/American}}| {{sort|850|Coal. 14–0, 6 {{abbr|NCR|Non-caucusing Republicans}}{{refn|group="nb"|The majority in the Alaska Senate is held by a coalition of 9 Democrats and 5 Republicans. There are 6 Republicans outside the caucus.}}}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Arizona}} | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[List of governors of Arizona|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Arizona State Legislature|State Legislature]] || [[Arizona House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 60 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|483|R 33–27}} || 2 || [[Arizona Senate|Senate]] || 30 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|467|R 17–13}} || 2 |- | {{Flag|Arkansas}} | {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Arkansas|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Arkansas General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Arkansas House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 100 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|180|R 81–19}} || 2 || [[Arkansas Senate|Senate]] || 35 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|171|R 29–6}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|California}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of California|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[California State Legislature|State Legislature]]{{refn|The [[Constitution of California]] names it the "California Legislature", but the legislature brands itself as the "California State Legislature".|group="nb"}} || [[California State Assembly|State Assembly]] || 80 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|775|D 60–20}} || 2 || [[California State Senate|State Senate]] || 40 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|800|D 30–10}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Colorado}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of Colorado|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Colorado General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Colorado House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 65 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|708|D 43–22}} || 2 || [[Colorado Senate|Senate]] || 35 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|657|D 23–12}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Connecticut}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of Connecticut|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Connecticut General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Connecticut House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 151 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|649|D 102–49}} || 2 || [[Connecticut State Senate|State Senate]] || 36 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|667|D 25–11}} || 2 |- | {{Flag|Delaware}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of Delaware|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Delaware General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Delaware House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 41 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|634|D 27–14}} || 2 || [[Delaware Senate|Senate]] || 21 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|714|D 15–6}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Florida}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Florida|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Florida Legislature|Legislature]] || [[Florida House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 120 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|292|R 87–33}} || 2 || [[Florida Senate|Senate]] || 40 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|300|R 28–11, 1 ind.}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Georgia (U.S. state)|name=Georgia}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Georgia|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Georgia General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Georgia House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 180 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|436|R 100–80}} || 2 || [[Georgia State Senate|State Senate]] || 56 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|411|R 33–23}} || 2 |- | {{Flag|Hawaii}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of Hawaii|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Hawaii State Legislature|Legislature]] || [[Hawaii House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 51 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|882|D 42–9}} || 2 || [[Hawaii Senate|Senate]] || 25 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|920|D 22–3}}|| 4 |- | {{Flag|Idaho}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Idaho|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Idaho Legislature|Legislature]] || [[Idaho House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 70 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|157|R 61–9}} || 2 || [[Idaho Senate|Senate]] || 35 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|200|R 29–6}} || 2 |- | {{Flag|Illinois}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of Illinois|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Illinois General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Illinois House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 118 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|658|D 78–40}} || 2 || [[Illinois Senate|Senate]] || 59 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|678|D 40–19}}|| {{sort|3|2 or 4}} |- | {{Flag|Indiana}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Indiana|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Indiana General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Indiana House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 100 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|300|R 70–30}} || 2 || [[Indiana Senate|Senate]] || 50 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|200|R 40–10}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Iowa}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Iowa|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Iowa General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Iowa House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 100 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|320|R 67–33}} || 2 || [[Iowa Senate|Senate]] || 50 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|360|R 34–16}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Kansas}} | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of Kansas|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Kansas Legislature|Legislature]] || [[Kansas House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 125 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|320|R 88–37}} || 2 || [[Kansas Senate|Senate]] || 40 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|275|R 31–9}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Kentucky}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of Kentucky|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Kentucky General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Kentucky House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 100 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|192|R 80–20}} || 2 || [[Kentucky Senate|Senate]] || 38 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|189|R 31–7}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Louisiana}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Louisiana|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Louisiana State Legislature|Legislature]]{{refn|The [[Constitution of Louisiana]] vests legislative authority in "a legislature, consisting of a Senate and a House of Representatives," and refers to it as "the legislature" throughout, without officially designating a term for the two houses together. However, the two bodies do use the term "Louisiana State Legislature" in official references to itself.|group="nb"}} || [[Louisiana House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 105 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|317|R 73–32}} || 4 || [[Louisiana State Senate|State Senate]] || 39 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|308|R 28–11}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Maine}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of Maine|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Maine Legislature|Legislature]] || [[Maine House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 151 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|547|D 76–73, 2 ind.}}{{refn|There are 3 additional non-voting seats allocated to [[Tribal sovereignty in the United States|sovereign tribal nations]] within Maine. Since 2018, only one seat (belonging to the [[Passamaquoddy]]) is filled; the current tribal representative is a non-partisan/independent but is not counted in this total.|group="nb"}} || 2 || [[Maine Senate|Senate]] || 35 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|629|D 20–15}} || 2 |- | {{Flag|Maryland}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of Maryland|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Maryland General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Maryland House of Delegates|House of Delegates]] || 141 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|723|D 102–39}} || 4 || [[Maryland Senate|Senate]] || 47 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|723|D 34–13}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Massachusetts}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of Massachusetts|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Massachusetts General Court|General Court]] || [[Massachusetts House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 160 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|841|D 134–25, 1 ind.}}|| 2 || [[Massachusetts Senate|Senate]] || 40 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|925|D 35–5}}|| 2 |- | {{Flag|Michigan}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of Michigan|Governor]] || {{party shading/American}}| [[Michigan Legislature|Legislature]] || [[Michigan House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 110 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|485|R 58–52}} || 2 || [[Michigan Senate|Senate]] || 38 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|526|D 20–18}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Minnesota}} | {{party shading/DFL}} | [[Governor of Minnesota|Governor]] || {{party shading/American}}| [[Minnesota Legislature|Legislature]] || [[Minnesota House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 134 | {{Party shading/American}} | {{sort|52|T 67–67}} || 2 || [[Minnesota Senate|Senate]] || 67 || {{Party shading/DFL}}| {{sort|507|DFL 34–33}} || {{sort|3.5|2, 4, 4}} |- | {{Flag|Mississippi}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Mississippi|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Mississippi Legislature|Legislature]] || [[Mississippi House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 122 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|342|R 79–41, 2 ind.}} || 4 || [[Mississippi State Senate|State Senate]] || 52 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|294|R 36–16}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Missouri}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Missouri|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Missouri General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Missouri House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 163 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|315|R 111–52}} || 2 || [[Missouri Senate|Senate]] || 34 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|294|R 24–10}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Montana}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[List of governors of Montana|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Montana Legislature|Legislature]] || [[Montana House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 100 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|320|R 58–42}} || 2 || [[Montana Senate|Senate]] || 50 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|320|R 32–18}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Nebraska}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Nebraska|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Nebraska Legislature|Legislature]] || colspan="4" align=center {{Party shading/None}}| ''(Unicameral)'' || [[Nebraska Legislature|Legislature]]{{refn|When Nebraska switched to a unicameral legislature in 1937, the lower house was abolished. All current Nebraskan legislators are referred to as "Senators", as the pre-1937 senate was the retained house.|group="nb"}} || 49 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|347|R 33–15, 1 ind.}}{{refn|Nebraska's legislature is ''[[de jure]]'' nonpartisan but senators' political affiliations are publicly known and voting often happens along party lines; the ''[[de facto]]'' composition is given here.|group="nb"}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Nevada}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Nevada|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Nevada Legislature|Legislature]] || [[Nevada Assembly|Assembly]] || 42 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|667|D 27–15}} || 2 || [[Nevada Senate|Senate]] || 21 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|619|D 13–8}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|New Hampshire}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of New Hampshire|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[New Hampshire General Court|General Court]] || [[New Hampshire House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 400 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|496|R 221–178, 1 ind.}}|| 2 || [[New Hampshire Senate|Senate]] || 24 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|417|R 16–8}} || 2 |- | {{Flag|New Jersey}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of New Jersey|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[New Jersey Legislature|Legislature]] || [[New Jersey General Assembly|General Assembly]] || 80 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|570|D 52–28}} || 2 || [[New Jersey Senate|Senate]] || 40 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|625|D 25–15}} || {{sort|3.5|2, 4, 4}} |- | {{Flag|New Mexico}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of New Mexico|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[New Mexico Legislature|Legislature]] || [[New Mexico House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 70 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|643|D 44–26}} || 2 || [[New Mexico Senate|Senate]] || 42 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|643|D 26–16}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|New York}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of New York|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[New York State Legislature|State Legislature]] || [[New York State Assembly|State Assembly]] || 150 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|680|D 103–47}} || 2 || [[New York State Senate|State Senate]] || 63 || {{party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|667|D 41–22}}|| 2 |- | {{Flag|North Carolina}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of North Carolina|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[North Carolina General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[North Carolina House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 120 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|400|R 71–49}} || 2 || [[North Carolina Senate|Senate]] || 50 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|400|R 30–20}}|| 2 |- | {{Flag|North Dakota}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of North Dakota|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[North Dakota Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] || [[North Dakota House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 94 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|128|R 83–11}} || 4 || [[North Dakota Senate|Senate]] || 47 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|85|R 42–5}}|| 4 |- | {{Flag|Ohio}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Ohio|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Ohio General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Ohio House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 99 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|323|R 65–34}} || 2 || [[Ohio Senate|Senate]] || 33 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|212|R 24–9}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Oklahoma}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Oklahoma|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Oklahoma Legislature|Legislature]] || [[Oklahoma House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 101 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|198|R 81–20}}|| 2 || [[Oklahoma Senate|Senate]] || 48 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|167|R 40–8}}|| 4 |- | {{Flag|Oregon}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of Oregon|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Oregon Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] || [[Oregon House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 60 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|583|D 36–24}} || 2 || [[Oregon State Senate|State Senate]] || 30 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|586|D 18–12}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Pennsylvania}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of Pennsylvania|Governor]] || {{party shading/American}}| [[Pennsylvania General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Pennsylvania House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 203 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|502|D 102–101}} || 2 || [[Pennsylvania State Senate|State Senate]] || 50 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|440|R 27–23}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Rhode Island}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of Rhode Island|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Rhode Island General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Rhode Island House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 75 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|878|D 64–10, 1 ind.}} || 2 || [[Rhode Island Senate|Senate]] || 38 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|865|D 34–4}} || 2 |- | {{Flag|South Carolina}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of South Carolina|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[South Carolina General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[South Carolina House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 124 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|290|R 88–36}} || 2 || [[South Carolina Senate|Senate]] || 46 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|318|R 34–12}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|South Dakota}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of South Dakota|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[South Dakota Legislature|Legislature]] || [[South Dakota House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 70 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|100|R 64–6}} || 2 || [[South Dakota Senate|Senate]] || 35 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|114|R 32–3}}|| 2 |- | {{Flag|Tennessee}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Tennessee|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Tennessee General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Tennessee House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 99 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|242|R 75–24}} || 2 || [[Tennessee Senate|Senate]] || 33 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|182|R 27–6}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Texas}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Texas|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Texas Legislature|Legislature]] || [[Texas House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 150 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|430|R 88–62}} || 2 || [[Texas Senate|Senate]] || 31 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|387|R 20–11}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Utah}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Utah|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Utah State Legislature|State Legislature]]{{refn|The [[Constitution of Utah]] names it the "Legislature of the State of Utah", but the legislature brands itself as the "Utah State Legislature".|group="nb"}} || [[Utah House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 75 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|187|R 61–14}} || 2 || [[Utah State Senate|State Senate]] || 29 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|207|R 22–6, 1 FWD{{refn|group="nb"|One senator is registered with the [[Forward Party (United States)|Forward Party]].}}}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Vermont}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Vermont|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Vermont General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Vermont House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 150 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|747|{{abbr|MC|Majority caucus}} 94–56{{refn|group="nb"|The majority in the Vermont House of Representatives is held by a coalition of 87 Democrats, 4 [[Vermont Progressive Party|Vermont Progressives]] and 3 independents. The minority consists of 56 Republicans.}}}} || 2 || [[Vermont Senate|Senate]] || 30 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|759|{{abbr|MC|Majority caucus}} 17–13{{refn|group="nb"|The majority in the Vermont Senate is held by a coalition of 16 Democrats and 1 [[Vermont Progressive Party|Vermont Progressive]]. 13 Republicans make up the minority.}}}} || 2 |- | {{Flag|Virginia}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Virginia|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Virginia General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Virginia House of Delegates|House of Delegates]] || 100 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|501|D 51–49}} || 2 || [[Virginia Senate|Senate]] || 40 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|538|D 21–19}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Washington}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of Washington|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Washington State Legislature|State Legislature]]{{refn|The [[Constitution of Washington]] names it "the legislature of the state of Washington", but the legislature brands itself as the "Washington State Legislature".|group="nb"}} || [[Washington House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 98 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|592|D 59–39}} || 2 || [[Washington State Senate|State Senate]] || 49 || {{party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|592|D 30–19}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|West Virginia}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of West Virginia|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[West Virginia Legislature|Legislature]] || [[West Virginia House of Delegates|House of Delegates]] || 100 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|110|R 91–9}} || 2 || [[West Virginia Senate|Senate]] || 34 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|88|R 32–2}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Wisconsin}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of Wisconsin|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Wisconsin Legislature|State Legislature]] || [[Wisconsin State Assembly|State Assembly]] || 99 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|354|R 54–45}} || 2 || [[Wisconsin Senate|Senate]] || 33 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|344|R 18–15}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Wyoming}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Wyoming|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Wyoming Legislature|Legislature]] || [[Wyoming House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 62 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|81|R 56–6}} || 2 || [[Wyoming Senate|Senate]] || 31 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|65|R 29–2}} || 4 |} === Current legislatures === {{mw-datatable}} {| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable sticky-table-head sticky-table-col1" !rowspan=2|State !rowspan=2|Session/term !colspan=2|Last elections |- !Lower house!!Senate |- |{{Flag|Alabama}} |[[2022-2026 Alabama Legislature]] |[[2022 Alabama House of Representatives election|November 8, 2022 (House)]]||[[2022 Alabama Senate election|November 8, 2022 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Alaska}} |[[34th Alaska State Legislature]] |[[2024 Alaska House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Alaska Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Arizona}} |[[56th Arizona State Legislature]] |[[2024 Arizona House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Arizona Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Arkansas}} |[[95th Arkansas General Assembly]] |[[2024 Arkansas House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Arkansas Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|California}} |[[California State Legislature, 2025-26 session]] |[[2024 California State Assembly election|November 5, 2024 (Assembly)]]||[[2024 California State Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Colorado}} |[[75th Colorado General Assembly]] |[[2024 Colorado House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Colorado Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Connecticut}} | [[Connecticut General Assembly]], Session Year 2025 |[[2024 Connecticut House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Connecticut State Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Delaware}} |[[153rd Delaware General Assembly]] |[[2024 Delaware House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Delaware Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Florida}} |[[27th Florida Legislature]] |[[2024 Florida House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Florida Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{flaglist|Georgia (U.S. state)|name=Georgia}} |[[158th Georgia General Assembly]] |[[2024 Georgia House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Georgia State Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Hawaii}} |[[33rd Hawaii State Legislature]] |[[2024 Hawaii House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Hawaii Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Idaho}} |70th [[Idaho Legislature]] |[[2024 Idaho House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Idaho Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Illinois}} |[[104th Illinois General Assembly]] |[[2024 Illinois House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Illinois Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Indiana}} |[[124th Indiana General Assembly]] |[[2024 Indiana House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Indiana Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Iowa}} |[[91st Iowa General Assembly]] |[[2024 Iowa House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Iowa Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Kansas}} |[[2025-2026 Kansas Legislature]] |[[2024 Kansas House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Kansas Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Kentucky}} |[[2025 Kentucky General Assembly]] |[[2024 Kentucky House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Kentucky Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Louisiana}} |[[72nd Louisiana Legislature]] |[[2023 Louisiana House of Representatives election|October 14 and November 18, 2023 (House)]]||[[2023 Louisiana State Senate election|October 14, 2023 and November 18, 2023 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Maine}} |[[132nd Maine Legislature]] |[[2024 Maine House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Maine Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Maryland}} |[[447th Maryland General Assembly]] |[[2022 Maryland House of Delegates election|November 8, 2022 (House)]]||[[2022 Maryland Senate election|November 8, 2022 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Massachusetts}} |[[2025–2026 Massachusetts legislature]] |[[2024 Massachusetts House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Massachusetts Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Michigan}} |[[103rd Michigan Legislature]] ||[[2024 Michigan House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2022 Michigan Senate election|November 8, 2022 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Minnesota}} |[[94th Minnesota Legislature]] |[[2024 Minnesota House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2022 Minnesota Senate election|November 8, 2022 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Mississippi}} |[[2024–2028 Mississippi Legislature]] |[[2023 Mississippi House of Representatives election|November 7, 2023 (House)]]||[[2023 Mississippi Senate election|November 7, 2023 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Missouri}} |[[103rd Missouri General Assembly]] |[[2024 Missouri House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Missouri Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Montana}} |[[69th Montana legislature]] |[[2024 Montana House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Montana Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Nebraska}} |[[109th Nebraska Legislature]] |colspan=2 style="text-align:center;"|[[2024 Nebraska Legislature election|November 5, 2024]] |- |{{Flag|Nevada}} |[[83rd Nevada Legislature]] |[[2024 Nevada Assembly election|November 5, 2024 (Assembly)]]||[[2024 Nevada Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|New Hampshire}} |[[2025-2026 New Hampshire General Court]] |[[2024 New Hampshire House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 New Hampshire Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|New Jersey}} |[[221st New Jersey Legislature]] |[[2023 New Jersey General Assembly election|November 7, 2023 (Assembly)]]||[[2023 New Jersey Senate election|November 7, 2023 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|New Mexico}} |[[57th New Mexico Legislature]] |[[2024 New Mexico House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 New Mexico Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|New York}} |[[206th New York State Legislature]] |[[2024 New York State Assembly election|November 5, 2024 (Assembly)]]||[[2024 New York State Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|North Carolina}} |[[North Carolina General Assembly of 2025–26]] |[[2024 North Carolina House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 North Carolina Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|North Dakota}} |[[69th North Dakota Legislative Assembly]] |[[2024 North Dakota House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 North Dakota Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Ohio}} |[[136th Ohio General Assembly]] |[[2024 Ohio House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Ohio Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Oklahoma}} |[[60th Oklahoma Legislature]] |[[2024 Oklahoma House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Oklahoma Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Oregon}} |[[83rd Oregon Legislative Assembly]] |[[2024 Oregon House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Oregon Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Pennsylvania}} |[[2025-2026 Pennsylvania legislature]] |[[2024 Pennsylvania House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Pennsylvania Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Rhode Island}} | 2025-2026 [[Rhode Island General Assembly]] |[[2024 Rhode Island House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Rhode Island Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|South Carolina}} |[[126th South Carolina General Assembly]] |[[2024 South Carolina House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 South Carolina Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|South Dakota}} |[[100th South Dakota Legislature]] |[[2024 South Dakota House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 South Dakota Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Tennessee}} |[[114th Tennessee General Assembly]] |[[2024 Tennessee House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Tennessee Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Texas}} |[[89th Texas Legislature]] |[[2024 Texas House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Texas Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Utah}} |[[66th Utah State Legislature]] |[[2024 Utah House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Utah Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Vermont}} |[[2025-2026 Vermont General Assembly]] |[[2024 Vermont House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Vermont Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Virginia}} |[[163rd Virginia General Assembly]] |[[2023 Virginia House of Delegates election|November 7, 2023 (House)]]||[[2023 Virginia Senate election|November 7, 2023 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Washington}} |[[69th Washington State Legislature]] |[[2024 Washington House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Washington State Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|West Virginia}} |[[87th West Virginia Legislature]] |[[2024 West Virginia House of Delegates election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 West Virginia Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Wisconsin}} |[[107th Wisconsin Legislature]] |[[2024 Wisconsin State Assembly election|November 5, 2024 (Assembly)]]||[[2024 Wisconsin Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Wyoming}} |[[68th Wyoming State Legislature]] |[[2024 Wyoming House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Wyoming Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |} === Lists of past terms/sessions === {| class="wikitable mw-datatable sortable sticky-table-col1 sticky-table-head" |+ !State/Territory !List !First session |- | colspan=3 style="text-align: center; background-color:#E6E6FA;" | States |- |{{Flag|Alabama}} | [[List of Alabama state legislatures]] | 1819 |- |{{Flag|Alaska}} | [[List of Alaska State Legislatures]] | [[1st Alaska State Legislature|1959]] |- |{{Flag|Arizona}} | [[List of Arizona state legislatures]] | [[1st Arizona State Legislature|1912]] |- |{{Flag|Arkansas}} | [[List of Arkansas General Assemblies]] | {{ill|1st Arkansas General Assembly|lt=1836|qid=Q104716615}} |- |{{Flag|California}} | [[List of California state legislatures]] | 1849 |- |{{Flag|Colorado}} | [[List of Colorado legislatures]] | {{ill|1st Colorado General Assembly|lt=1876|qid=Q104816699}} |- |{{Flag|Connecticut}} | | |- |{{Flag|Delaware}} | [[List of Delaware General Assembly sessions]] | [[1st Delaware General Assembly|1776]] |- |{{Flag|Florida}} | [[List of Florida state legislatures]] | 1845 |- |{{flaglist|Georgia (U.S. state)|name=Georgia}} | [[List of Georgia state legislatures]] | [[1st Georgia General Assembly|1777]] |- |{{Flag|Hawaii}} | [[List of Hawaii state legislatures]] | {{ill|1st Hawaii state legislature|lt=1959|qid=Q104724174}} |- |{{Flag|Idaho}} | [[List of Idaho state legislatures]] | {{ill|1st Idaho Legislature|lt=1890|qid=Q104888037}} |- |{{Flag|Illinois}} | [[List of Illinois state legislatures]] | [[1st Illinois General Assembly|1818]] |- |{{Flag|Indiana}} | [[List of Indiana General Assemblies]] | {{ill|1st Indiana General Assembly|lt=1816|qid=Q104833109}} |- |{{Flag|Iowa}} | [[List of Iowa General Assemblies]] | {{ill|1st Iowa General Assembly|lt=1846|qid=Q104730791}} |- |{{Flag|Kansas}} | [[List of Kansas state legislatures]] | 1861 [https://cdm16884.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/search/searchterm/Hist-X4/field/identi/mode/exact/conn/and/order/dated/ad/asc] |- |{{Flag|Kentucky}} | [[List of Kentucky General Assemblies]] | |- |{{Flag|Louisiana}} | [[List of Louisiana state legislatures]] | 1812 |- |{{Flag|Maine}} | [[List of Maine state legislatures]] | 1820 |- |{{Flag|Maryland}} | [[List of Maryland General Assemblies]] | |- |{{Flag|Massachusetts}} | [[List of Massachusetts General Courts]] | {{ill|1780-1781 Massachusetts legislature|lt=1780|qid=Q98925540}} |- |{{Flag|Michigan}} | [[List of Michigan state legislatures]] | [[1st Michigan Legislature|1835]] |- |{{Flag|Minnesota}} | [[List of Minnesota state legislatures]] | [[1st Minnesota Legislature|1857]] |- |{{Flag|Mississippi}} | [[List of Mississippi state legislatures]] | 1817 |- |{{Flag|Missouri}} | [[List of Missouri General Assemblies]] | {{ill|1st Missouri General Assembly|lt=1820|qid=Q104845136}} |- |{{Flag|Montana}} | [[List of Montana state legislatures]] | {{ill|1st Montana legislature|lt=1889|qid=Q104777101}} |- |{{Flag|Nebraska}} | [[List of Nebraska state legislatures]] | {{ill|1st Nebraska legislature|lt=1866|qid=Q104776315}} |- |{{Flag|Nevada}} | [[List of Nevada state legislatures]] | {{ill|1st Nevada Legislature|lt=1864|qid=Q104886832}} |- |{{Flag|New Hampshire}} | [[List of New Hampshire General Courts]] | |- |{{Flag|New Jersey}} | [[List of New Jersey state legislatures]] | 1776 |- |{{Flag|New Mexico}} | [[List of New Mexico state legislatures]] | {{ill|1st New Mexico Legislature|lt=1912|qid=Q104820458}} |- |{{Flag|New York}} | [[List of New York State legislatures]] | [[1st New York State Legislature|1777]] |- |{{Flag|North Carolina}} | [[List of North Carolina state legislatures]] | [[North Carolina General Assembly of 1777|1777]] |- |{{Flag|North Dakota}} | [[List of North Dakota Legislative Assemblies]] | {{ill|1st Legislative Assembly of North Dakota|lt=1889|qid=Q104840495}} |- |{{Flag|Ohio}} | [[List of Ohio state legislatures]] | [[1st Ohio General Assembly|1803]] |- |{{Flag|Oklahoma}} | [[List of Oklahoma state legislatures]] | [[1st Oklahoma Legislature|1907]] |- |{{Flag|Oregon}} | [[List of Oregon Legislative Assemblies]] | {{ill|1st Oregon Legislative Assembly|lt=1860|qid=Q104761478}} |- |{{Flag|Pennsylvania}} | [[List of Pennsylvania state legislatures]] | {{ill|1st Pennsylvania General Assembly|lt=1776|qid=Q104785683}} |- |{{Flag|Rhode Island}} | [[List of Rhode Island General Assemblies]] | |- |{{Flag|South Carolina}} | [[List of South Carolina state legislatures]] | |- |{{Flag|South Dakota}} | [[List of South Dakota state legislatures]] | {{ill|1st South Dakota Legislature|lt=1889|qid=Q120736701}} |- |{{Flag|Tennessee}} | [[List of Tennessee General Assemblies]] | {{ill|1st Tennessee General Assembly|lt=1794|qid=Q104787376}} |- |{{Flag|Texas}} | [[List of Texas state legislatures]] | [[1st Texas Legislature|1846]] |- |{{Flag|Utah}} | [[List of Utah state legislatures]] | [[1st Utah State Legislature|1896]] |- |{{Flag|Vermont}} | [[List of Vermont General Assemblies]] | |- |{{Flag|Virginia}} | [[List of Virginia state legislatures]] | [[1st Virginia General Assembly|1776]] |- |{{Flag|Washington}} | [[List of Washington state legislatures]] | {{ill|1st Washington State Legislature|lt=1889|qid=Q104777604}} |- |{{Flag|West Virginia}} | [[List of West Virginia state legislatures]] | [[1st West Virginia legislature|1863]] |- |{{Flag|Wisconsin}} | [[List of Wisconsin state legislatures]] | [[1st Wisconsin Legislature|1848]] |- |{{Flag|Wyoming}} | [[List of Wyoming state legislatures]] | {{ill|1st Wyoming State Legislature|lt=1890|qid=Q104846956}} |- | colspan=3 style="text-align: center; background-color:#E6E6FA;" | Territories |- | {{Flag|American Samoa}} | [[List of American Samoa Fono]] | 1948 |- | {{Flag|Puerto Rico}} | [[List of Legislative Assemblies of Puerto Rico]] | 1949 |- | {{Flag|United States Virgin Islands|name=Virgin Islands}} | [[List of Virgin Islands Legislatures]] | 1955 |- |} == Federal district and territorial legislatures == {{mw-datatable}} {| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable sort-under sticky-table-col1 sticky-table-head" ! rowspan="2" | Federal district or territory !! rowspan="2" | Governor !! rowspan="2" | Name !! colspan="4" | Lower house !! colspan="4" | Upper house |- ! class=sticky-table-none | Name !! Size <ref name="Book of the States"/> !! Party strength !! Term<br>(yrs) !! Name !! Size <ref name="Book of the States"/>!! Party strength !! Term<br>(yrs) |- | {{Flag|American Samoa}}|| {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[List of governors of American Samoa|Governor]] || {{party shading/None}}| [[American Samoa Fono|Fono]] || [[American Samoa House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 20 | {{Party shading/None}} | {{abbr|NP|Nonpartisan}} 20{{refn|The American Samoa House of Representatives also includes one nonpartisan non-voting delegate representing [[Swains Island]].|group="nb"}}|| 2 || [[American Samoa Senate|Senate]] || 18 || {{Party shading/None}}| {{abbr|NP|Nonpartisan}} 18|| 4 |- | {{Flag|District of Columbia}}|| {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Mayor of the District of Columbia|Mayor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Council of the District of Columbia|Council]] || colspan="4" align=center {{Party shading/None}}| ''(Unicameral)'' || [[Council of the District of Columbia|Council]] || 13 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|1000|D 11–0, 2 ind.}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Guam}}|| {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[List of Governors of Guam|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Legislature of Guam|Legislature]] || colspan="4" align=center {{Party shading/None}}| ''(Unicameral)'' || [[Legislature of Guam|Legislature]] || 15 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|600|D 9–6}} || 2 |- | {{Flag|Northern Mariana Islands}}|| {{party shading/Independent}} | [[List of Governors of the Northern Mariana Islands|Governor]] || {{party shading/Independent}}| [[Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Legislature|Commonwealth Legislature]] || [[Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 20 || {{party shading/Independent}}| {{sort|800|Coal. 16–4{{refn|group="nb"|The majority in the Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives is held by a coalition of 4 Democrats and 12 independents. The minority consists of 3 Republicans and 1 Independent.}}}} || 2 || [[Northern Mariana Islands Senate|Senate]] || 9 || {{Party shading/Independent}}| {{sort|556|Coal. 5–4{{refn|group="nb"|The majority in the Northern Mariana Islands Senate is held by a coalition of 3 independents and 2 Democrats. The minority consists of 4 Republicans.}}}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Puerto Rico}}|| {{Party shading/New Progressive Party (Puerto Rico)}} | [[Governor of Puerto Rico|Governor]]|| {{Party shading/Popular Democratic Party (Puerto Rico)}} | [[Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico|Legislative Assembly]]|| [[House of Representatives of Puerto Rico|House of Representatives]] || 51 || {{Party shading/Popular Democratic Party (Puerto Rico)}} | {{sort|553|26 [[Popular Democratic Party (Puerto Rico)|PPD]], 21 [[New Progressive Party (Puerto Rico)|PNP]], 2 [[Movimiento Victoria Ciudadana|MVC]], 1 [[Puerto Rican Independence Party|PIP]], 1 [[Proyecto Dignidad|PD]]{{refn|group="nb"|name="PR"|The parties of Puerto Rico are separate from the Republican and Democratic parties.}}}} || 4 || [[Senate of Puerto Rico|Senate]] || 27 || {{Party shading/Popular Democratic Party (Puerto Rico)}} | {{sort|545|12 [[Popular Democratic Party (Puerto Rico)|PPD]], 10 [[New Progressive Party (Puerto Rico)|PNP]], 2 [[Movimiento Victoria Ciudadana|MVC]], 1 [[Puerto Rican Independence Party|PIP]], 1 [[Proyecto Dignidad|PD]], 1 ind.{{refn|group="nb"|name="PR"}}}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|United States Virgin Islands}}|| {{party shading/Democratic}} |[[List of Governors of the United States Virgin Islands|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Legislature of the Virgin Islands|Legislature]] || colspan="4" align=center {{Party shading/None}}| ''(Unicameral)'' || [[Legislature of the Virgin Islands|Legislature]] || 15 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|1000|D 11–0, 4 ind.}} || 2 |- |} === Current legislatures === {| class="wikitable" |+ !State !Session !Last Election |- |{{Flag|Puerto Rico}} |[[19th Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico]] |[[2020 Puerto Rico House of Representatives election|8 November 2020 (House)]] [[2020 Puerto Rico Senate election|8 November 2020 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Northern Mariana Islands}} |[[23rd Northern Mariana Islands Legislature]] |[[2022 Northern Mariana Islands general election#House of Representatives|8 November 2022 (House)]] [[2022 Northern Mariana Islands general election#Senate|8 November 2022 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|District of Columbia}} | |[[2022 Council of the District of Columbia election|8 November 2022]] |- |{{Flag|American Samoa}} |[[37th American Samoa Fono]] |[[2022 American Samoan general election|November 8, 2022 (House)]] [[2022 American Samoan general election|November 8, 2022 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|U.S. Virgin Islands}} |[[35th Virgin Islands Legislature]] |[[2022 United States Virgin Islands legislative election|8 November 2022]] |} == National Conference of State Legislatures. Their latest tables == === States === '''Abbreviations:''' vacancy, undecided, recall, Covenant Party, New Progressive Party, Popular Democratic Party.{{mw-datatable}}{{sort under}} {| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable sort-under sticky-table-row1 sticky-table-col1" |+ 2024 State & Legislative Partisan Composition. As of August 2, 2024. [[National Conference of State Legislatures]].<ref name="NCSL">{{cite web|title=State Partisan Composition|url=https://www.ncsl.org/about-state-legislatures/state-partisan-composition|website=[[National Conference of State Legislatures]]}} Scroll down to latest PDF link. Download it. [[google:pdf+to+excel|Convert to Excel]]. Then copy from freeware [[LibreOffice Calc]] to Visual Editor. See how at the various [[Help:Table]] pages.</ref> |- !STATE !Total Seats !Total Senate !Senate Dem. !Senate Rep. !Senate other !Total House !House Dem. !House Rep. !House other !Leg. Control !Gov. Party !State Control |- |Alabama |140 |35 |8 |27 | |105 |28 |76 |1v |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Alaska |60 |20 |9 |11 | |40 |13 |22 |5 |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Arizona |90 |30 |14 |16 | |60 |28 |32 | |Rep |Dem |Divided |- |Arkansas |135 |35 |6 |29 | |100 |18 |82 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |California |120 |40 |32 |8 | |80 |62 |17 |1v |Dem |Dem |Dem |- |Colorado |100 |35 |23 |12 | |65 |46 |19 | |Dem |Dem |Dem |- |Connecticut |187 |36 |24 |12 | |151 |98 |53 | |Dem |Dem |Dem |- |Delaware |62 |21 |15 |6 | |41 |26 |15 | |Dem |Dem |Dem |- |Florida |160 |40 |12 |28 | |120 |36 |83 |1v |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Georgia |236 |56 |23 |33 | |180 |78 |102 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Hawaii |76 |25 |23 |2 | |51 |45 |6 | |Dem |Dem |Dem |- |Idaho |105 |35 |7 |28 | |70 |11 |59 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Illinois |177 |59 |40 |19 | |118 |78 |40 | |Dem |Dem |Dem |- |Indiana |150 |50 |10 |40 | |100 |30 |70 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Iowa |150 |50 |16 |34 | |100 |36 |64 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Kansas |165 |40 |11 |29 | |125 |40 |85 | |Rep |Dem |Divided |- |Kentucky |138 |38 |7 |31 | |100 |20 |80 | |Rep |Dem |Divided |- |Louisiana |144 |39 |11 |28 | |105 |32 |73 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Maine |186 |35 |22 |13 | |151 |79 |67 |2, 3v |Dem |Dem |Dem |- |Maryland |188 |47 |34 |13 | |141 |102 |39 | |Dem |Dem |Dem |- |Massachusetts |200 |40 |36 |4 | |160 |133 |25 |2 |Dem |Dem |Dem |- |Michigan |148 |38 |20 |18 | |110 |56 |54 | |Dem |Dem |Dem |- |Minnesota |201 |67 |33 |33 |1v |134 |70 |64 | |Divided |Dem |Divided |- |Mississippi |174 |52 |16 |36 | |122 |41 |79 |2 |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Missouri |197 |34 |7 |23 |4v |163 |51 |111 |1 |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Montana |150 |50 |16 |34 | |100 |32 |68 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Nebraska |49 |49 | | |49 | colspan="4" |Unicameral - nonpartisan |N/A |Rep |N/A |- |Nevada |63 |21 |13 |7 |1v |42 |26 |14 |2v |Dem |Rep |Divided |- |New Hampshire |424 |24 |10 |14 | |400 |193 |198 |2, 7v |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |New Jersey |120 |40 |25 |15 | |80 |52 |28 | |Dem |Dem |Dem |- |New Mexico |112 |42 |27 |15 | |70 |45 |25 | |Dem |Dem |Dem |- |New York |213 |63 |41 |21 |1v |150 |100 |48 |2v |Dem |Dem |Dem |- |North Carolina |170 |50 |20 |30 | |120 |48 |72 | |Rep |Dem |Divided |- |North Dakota |141 |47 |4 |42 |1v |94 |12 |82 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Ohio |132 |33 |7 |26 | |99 |32 |67 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Oklahoma |149 |48 |8 |40 | |101 |20 |81 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Oregon |90 |30 |17 |12 |1 |60 |35 |24 |1 |Dem |Dem |Dem |- |Pennsylvania |253 |50 |22 |28 | |203 |100 |101 |2v |Rep |Dem |Divided |- |Rhode Island |113 |38 |32 |5 |1v |75 |65 |9 |1 |Dem |Dem |Dem |- |South Carolina |170 |46 |15 |30 |1 |124 |36 |88 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |South Dakota |105 |35 |4 |31 | |70 |7 |63 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Tennessee |132 |33 |6 |27 | |99 |24 |75 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Texas |181 |31 |12 |19 | |150 |64 |86 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Utah |104 |29 |6 |23 | |75 |14 |61 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Vermont |180 |30 |22 |7 |1 |150 |105 |37 |8 |Dem |Rep |Divided |- |Virginia |140 |40 |21 |19 | |100 |51 |49 | |Dem |Rep |Divided |- |Washington |147 |49 |29 |20 | |98 |58 |40 | |Dem |Dem |Dem |- |West Virginia |134 |34 |3 |31 | |100 |11 |89 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Wisconsin |132 |33 |10 |22 |1v |99 |34 |64 |1v |Rep |Dem |Divided |- |Wyoming |93 |31 |2 |29 | |62 |5 |57 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- class=sortbottom |Total States |7386 |1973 |831 |1080 |52, 10 vacant |5413 |2426 |2943 |24, 20 vacant |29R, 19D, 1 Div. |27R, 23D |23R, 16D, 10 Div. |} === U.S. Territories === '''Abbreviations:''' vacancy, undecided, recall, Covenant Party, New Progressive Party, Popular Democratic Party. {{mw-datatable}}{{sort under}} {| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable sort-under sticky-table-row1 sticky-table-col1" |+ U.S. territories and legislative partisan composition. As of August 2, 2024. [[National Conference of State Legislatures]].<ref name=NCSL/> !U.S. Territories !Total Seats !Total Senate !Senate Dem. !Senate Rep. !Senate other !Total House !House Dem. !House Rep. !House Other !Leg. Control !Gov. Party !Ter. Control |- |American Samoa |39 |18 | colspan="2" |Non-partisan |18 |21 | colspan="2" |Non-partisan |21 | |Dem | |- |District of Columbia |13 |13 |11 | |2 | colspan="4" |Unicameral |Dem |N/A |Dem |- |Guam |15 |15 |9 |6 | | colspan="4" |Unicameral | |Dem | |- |Mariana Islands |29 |9 |2 |4 |3 |20 |4 |3 |13 |Divided |Ind |Divided |- |Puerto Rico |78 |27 |12 DPP |10 NPP |5 |51 |25 DPP |21 NPP |5 |DPP |NPP |Divided |- |Virgin Islands |15 |15 | | |15 | colspan="4" |Unicameral - nonpartisan |Dem |Dem |Dem |} == Related pages == * [[State legislature (United States)]] * [[List of current United States governors]] == Notes == <references group="nb" responsive="1"></references> == References == <references responsive="1"></references> == Other websites == * [http://www.ncsl.org/ National Conference of State Legislatures] {{USStateLists}} {{United States legislatures}} [[Category:United States]] [[Category:Legislatures]] [[Category:Government]] ajuuyrn34fpo7fmz0v2scnbwywqcw7k 10368796 10368792 2025-07-03T02:52:44Z Auntof6 22027 −[[Category:United States]]; −[[Category:Government]]; ±[[Category:Legislatures]]→[[Category:State legislatures of the United States]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10368796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Politics of the United States}}{{merge|List of United States state legislatures|discuss=Talk:List of United States State Legislatures|date=May 2025}} This is a '''list of United States state legislatures'''. Each [[U.S. state|state]] in the United States has a [[legislature]] as part of its form of civil [[government]]. Most of the core details of the legislature are specified in the [[state constitution]]. With the exception of Nebraska, all [[State legislature (United States)|state legislatures]] are [[bicameral]] bodies, which have a [[lower house]] (Assembly, General Assembly, State Assembly, House of Delegates, or House of Representatives) and an [[upper house]] (Senate). The United States also has one [[District of Columbia|federal district]] and five non-state [[Territories of the United States|territories]] with local legislative branches, which are listed below. Among the states, the [[Nebraska Legislature]] is the only state with a [[Unicameralism|unicameral]] body. However, three other jurisdictions {{ndash}} the [[District of Columbia]], [[Guam]], and the [[U.S. Virgin Islands]] {{ndash}} also have unicameral bodies. The exact names, dates, [[term lengths]], [[term limit]]s, [[electoral system]]s, [[electoral districts]], and other details are determined by an individual state's laws. == Party summary == <div style="display:inline-table; vertical-align:top;"> {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:30px;" |+Party control of legislatures |[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] |28 |- |[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |18 |- |Split{{refn|"Split" in the sense that each of the two chambers are controlled by a different party (e.g., a Democratic Senate and Republican House) or one chamber is evenly split between parties and thus "[[hung parliament|hung]]". The Nebraska Legislature is [[Non-partisan democracy|nonpartisan]], and although the majority of members are registered members of the Republican Party, Nebraska's lack of formal party structure within its rules means that no single political party controls the Nebraska Legislature to the extent that political parties often control legislative bodies in other US states. However, for the general purposes of this information, understanding the Nebraska Legislature to be Republican-controlled is a merited oversimplification.|group="nb"}} | style="text-align:right;" |4 |- !Total !50 |} </div><div style="display:inline-table; vertical-align:top;"> {| class="wikitable" |+Party control of state governments |Republican [[Government trifecta|trifecta]] |23 |- |Democratic trifecta |15 |- |Democratic governor/Republican legislature | style="text-align:right;" |5 |- |Republican governor/Democratic legislature | style="text-align:right;" |3 |- |Democratic governor/Split legislature | style="text-align:right;" |3 |- |Republican governor/Split legislature | style="text-align:right;" |1 |- !Total !50 |} </div>'''Note:''' A party with the most amount of seats in a chamber may be forced to share power with other parties due to informal coalitions or may cede power outright because of disputes within its caucus.<div style="display:inline-table; vertical-align:top; margin-bottom:7px;">[[File:US_state_Legislature_and_Governor_Control.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_state_Legislature_and_Governor_Control.svg|thumb|300x300px|[[Government trifecta|US state and territory governments (governor and legislature)]] by party control {{legend|#33f|Democratic control}}{{legend|#f33|Republican control}}{{legend|#161687|[[New Progressive Party (Puerto Rico)|NPP]] control}}{{legend|#829|Split control}}]]</div><div style="display:inline-table; vertical-align:top;">[[File:US_State_Government_Control_Map.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_State_Government_Control_Map.svg|thumb|301x301px|US state and territorial legislatures by party control {{legend|#33f|Democratic control}}{{legend|#f33|Republican control}}{{legend|#161687|NPP control}}{{legend|#829|Split control}}]]</div> == State legislatures == <!--Sort values are Democratic value out of 1000. For example, a tied chamber would be 500, and D 30-10 would be 750. Independents are ignored unless they are part of a coalition.--> {{mw-datatable}} {| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable sort-under sticky-table-col1 sticky-table-head" |- ! rowspan="2" | State !! rowspan="2" | State executive !! rowspan="2" | Legislature name !! colspan="4" | Lower house !! colspan="4" | Upper house |- ! class=sticky-table-none | Name !! Size <ref name="Book of the States">{{cite book |title=The Book of the States |date=January 7, 2022 |publisher=The Council of State Governments |edition=53 |url=https://issuu.com/csg.publications/docs/bos_2021_issuu |access-date=July 10, 2022}}</ref> !! Party strength !! Term<br>(yrs.) !! Name !! Size <ref name="Book of the States"/> !! Party strength !! Term<br>(yrs.) |- | {{Flag|Alabama}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Alabama|Governor]] ||{{party shading/Republican}}| [[Alabama Legislature|Legislature]] || [[Alabama House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 105 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|267|R 76–29}} || 4 || [[Alabama Senate|Senate]] || 35 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|229|R 27–8}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Alaska}} | {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Alaska|Governor]] || {{party shading/American}}| [[Alaska Legislature|Legislature]] || [[Alaska House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 40 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|410|{{abbr|MC|Majority caucus}} 21–19{{refn|group="nb"|The majority in the Alaska House of Representatives is held by a coalition of 14 Democrats, 2 Republicans and 5 Independents. The minority consists of 19 Republicans.}}}} || 2 || [[Alaska Senate|Senate]] || 20 || {{Party shading/American}}| {{sort|850|Coal. 14–0, 6 {{abbr|NCR|Non-caucusing Republicans}}{{refn|group="nb"|The majority in the Alaska Senate is held by a coalition of 9 Democrats and 5 Republicans. There are 6 Republicans outside the caucus.}}}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Arizona}} | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[List of governors of Arizona|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Arizona State Legislature|State Legislature]] || [[Arizona House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 60 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|483|R 33–27}} || 2 || [[Arizona Senate|Senate]] || 30 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|467|R 17–13}} || 2 |- | {{Flag|Arkansas}} | {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Arkansas|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Arkansas General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Arkansas House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 100 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|180|R 81–19}} || 2 || [[Arkansas Senate|Senate]] || 35 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|171|R 29–6}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|California}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of California|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[California State Legislature|State Legislature]]{{refn|The [[Constitution of California]] names it the "California Legislature", but the legislature brands itself as the "California State Legislature".|group="nb"}} || [[California State Assembly|State Assembly]] || 80 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|775|D 60–20}} || 2 || [[California State Senate|State Senate]] || 40 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|800|D 30–10}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Colorado}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of Colorado|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Colorado General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Colorado House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 65 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|708|D 43–22}} || 2 || [[Colorado Senate|Senate]] || 35 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|657|D 23–12}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Connecticut}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of Connecticut|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Connecticut General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Connecticut House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 151 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|649|D 102–49}} || 2 || [[Connecticut State Senate|State Senate]] || 36 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|667|D 25–11}} || 2 |- | {{Flag|Delaware}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of Delaware|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Delaware General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Delaware House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 41 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|634|D 27–14}} || 2 || [[Delaware Senate|Senate]] || 21 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|714|D 15–6}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Florida}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Florida|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Florida Legislature|Legislature]] || [[Florida House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 120 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|292|R 87–33}} || 2 || [[Florida Senate|Senate]] || 40 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|300|R 28–11, 1 ind.}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Georgia (U.S. state)|name=Georgia}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Georgia|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Georgia General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Georgia House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 180 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|436|R 100–80}} || 2 || [[Georgia State Senate|State Senate]] || 56 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|411|R 33–23}} || 2 |- | {{Flag|Hawaii}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of Hawaii|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Hawaii State Legislature|Legislature]] || [[Hawaii House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 51 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|882|D 42–9}} || 2 || [[Hawaii Senate|Senate]] || 25 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|920|D 22–3}}|| 4 |- | {{Flag|Idaho}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Idaho|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Idaho Legislature|Legislature]] || [[Idaho House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 70 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|157|R 61–9}} || 2 || [[Idaho Senate|Senate]] || 35 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|200|R 29–6}} || 2 |- | {{Flag|Illinois}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of Illinois|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Illinois General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Illinois House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 118 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|658|D 78–40}} || 2 || [[Illinois Senate|Senate]] || 59 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|678|D 40–19}}|| {{sort|3|2 or 4}} |- | {{Flag|Indiana}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Indiana|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Indiana General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Indiana House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 100 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|300|R 70–30}} || 2 || [[Indiana Senate|Senate]] || 50 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|200|R 40–10}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Iowa}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Iowa|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Iowa General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Iowa House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 100 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|320|R 67–33}} || 2 || [[Iowa Senate|Senate]] || 50 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|360|R 34–16}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Kansas}} | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of Kansas|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Kansas Legislature|Legislature]] || [[Kansas House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 125 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|320|R 88–37}} || 2 || [[Kansas Senate|Senate]] || 40 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|275|R 31–9}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Kentucky}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of Kentucky|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Kentucky General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Kentucky House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 100 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|192|R 80–20}} || 2 || [[Kentucky Senate|Senate]] || 38 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|189|R 31–7}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Louisiana}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Louisiana|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Louisiana State Legislature|Legislature]]{{refn|The [[Constitution of Louisiana]] vests legislative authority in "a legislature, consisting of a Senate and a House of Representatives," and refers to it as "the legislature" throughout, without officially designating a term for the two houses together. However, the two bodies do use the term "Louisiana State Legislature" in official references to itself.|group="nb"}} || [[Louisiana House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 105 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|317|R 73–32}} || 4 || [[Louisiana State Senate|State Senate]] || 39 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|308|R 28–11}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Maine}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of Maine|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Maine Legislature|Legislature]] || [[Maine House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 151 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|547|D 76–73, 2 ind.}}{{refn|There are 3 additional non-voting seats allocated to [[Tribal sovereignty in the United States|sovereign tribal nations]] within Maine. Since 2018, only one seat (belonging to the [[Passamaquoddy]]) is filled; the current tribal representative is a non-partisan/independent but is not counted in this total.|group="nb"}} || 2 || [[Maine Senate|Senate]] || 35 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|629|D 20–15}} || 2 |- | {{Flag|Maryland}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of Maryland|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Maryland General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Maryland House of Delegates|House of Delegates]] || 141 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|723|D 102–39}} || 4 || [[Maryland Senate|Senate]] || 47 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|723|D 34–13}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Massachusetts}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of Massachusetts|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Massachusetts General Court|General Court]] || [[Massachusetts House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 160 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|841|D 134–25, 1 ind.}}|| 2 || [[Massachusetts Senate|Senate]] || 40 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|925|D 35–5}}|| 2 |- | {{Flag|Michigan}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of Michigan|Governor]] || {{party shading/American}}| [[Michigan Legislature|Legislature]] || [[Michigan House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 110 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|485|R 58–52}} || 2 || [[Michigan Senate|Senate]] || 38 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|526|D 20–18}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Minnesota}} | {{party shading/DFL}} | [[Governor of Minnesota|Governor]] || {{party shading/American}}| [[Minnesota Legislature|Legislature]] || [[Minnesota House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 134 | {{Party shading/American}} | {{sort|52|T 67–67}} || 2 || [[Minnesota Senate|Senate]] || 67 || {{Party shading/DFL}}| {{sort|507|DFL 34–33}} || {{sort|3.5|2, 4, 4}} |- | {{Flag|Mississippi}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Mississippi|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Mississippi Legislature|Legislature]] || [[Mississippi House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 122 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|342|R 79–41, 2 ind.}} || 4 || [[Mississippi State Senate|State Senate]] || 52 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|294|R 36–16}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Missouri}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Missouri|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Missouri General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Missouri House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 163 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|315|R 111–52}} || 2 || [[Missouri Senate|Senate]] || 34 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|294|R 24–10}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Montana}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[List of governors of Montana|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Montana Legislature|Legislature]] || [[Montana House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 100 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|320|R 58–42}} || 2 || [[Montana Senate|Senate]] || 50 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|320|R 32–18}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Nebraska}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Nebraska|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Nebraska Legislature|Legislature]] || colspan="4" align=center {{Party shading/None}}| ''(Unicameral)'' || [[Nebraska Legislature|Legislature]]{{refn|When Nebraska switched to a unicameral legislature in 1937, the lower house was abolished. All current Nebraskan legislators are referred to as "Senators", as the pre-1937 senate was the retained house.|group="nb"}} || 49 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|347|R 33–15, 1 ind.}}{{refn|Nebraska's legislature is ''[[de jure]]'' nonpartisan but senators' political affiliations are publicly known and voting often happens along party lines; the ''[[de facto]]'' composition is given here.|group="nb"}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Nevada}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Nevada|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Nevada Legislature|Legislature]] || [[Nevada Assembly|Assembly]] || 42 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|667|D 27–15}} || 2 || [[Nevada Senate|Senate]] || 21 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|619|D 13–8}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|New Hampshire}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of New Hampshire|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[New Hampshire General Court|General Court]] || [[New Hampshire House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 400 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|496|R 221–178, 1 ind.}}|| 2 || [[New Hampshire Senate|Senate]] || 24 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|417|R 16–8}} || 2 |- | {{Flag|New Jersey}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of New Jersey|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[New Jersey Legislature|Legislature]] || [[New Jersey General Assembly|General Assembly]] || 80 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|570|D 52–28}} || 2 || [[New Jersey Senate|Senate]] || 40 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|625|D 25–15}} || {{sort|3.5|2, 4, 4}} |- | {{Flag|New Mexico}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of New Mexico|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[New Mexico Legislature|Legislature]] || [[New Mexico House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 70 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|643|D 44–26}} || 2 || [[New Mexico Senate|Senate]] || 42 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|643|D 26–16}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|New York}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of New York|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[New York State Legislature|State Legislature]] || [[New York State Assembly|State Assembly]] || 150 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|680|D 103–47}} || 2 || [[New York State Senate|State Senate]] || 63 || {{party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|667|D 41–22}}|| 2 |- | {{Flag|North Carolina}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of North Carolina|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[North Carolina General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[North Carolina House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 120 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|400|R 71–49}} || 2 || [[North Carolina Senate|Senate]] || 50 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|400|R 30–20}}|| 2 |- | {{Flag|North Dakota}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of North Dakota|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[North Dakota Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] || [[North Dakota House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 94 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|128|R 83–11}} || 4 || [[North Dakota Senate|Senate]] || 47 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|85|R 42–5}}|| 4 |- | {{Flag|Ohio}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Ohio|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Ohio General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Ohio House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 99 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|323|R 65–34}} || 2 || [[Ohio Senate|Senate]] || 33 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|212|R 24–9}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Oklahoma}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Oklahoma|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Oklahoma Legislature|Legislature]] || [[Oklahoma House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 101 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|198|R 81–20}}|| 2 || [[Oklahoma Senate|Senate]] || 48 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|167|R 40–8}}|| 4 |- | {{Flag|Oregon}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of Oregon|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Oregon Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] || [[Oregon House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 60 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|583|D 36–24}} || 2 || [[Oregon State Senate|State Senate]] || 30 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|586|D 18–12}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Pennsylvania}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of Pennsylvania|Governor]] || {{party shading/American}}| [[Pennsylvania General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Pennsylvania House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 203 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|502|D 102–101}} || 2 || [[Pennsylvania State Senate|State Senate]] || 50 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|440|R 27–23}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Rhode Island}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of Rhode Island|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Rhode Island General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Rhode Island House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 75 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|878|D 64–10, 1 ind.}} || 2 || [[Rhode Island Senate|Senate]] || 38 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|865|D 34–4}} || 2 |- | {{Flag|South Carolina}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of South Carolina|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[South Carolina General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[South Carolina House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 124 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|290|R 88–36}} || 2 || [[South Carolina Senate|Senate]] || 46 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|318|R 34–12}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|South Dakota}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of South Dakota|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[South Dakota Legislature|Legislature]] || [[South Dakota House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 70 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|100|R 64–6}} || 2 || [[South Dakota Senate|Senate]] || 35 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|114|R 32–3}}|| 2 |- | {{Flag|Tennessee}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Tennessee|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Tennessee General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Tennessee House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 99 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|242|R 75–24}} || 2 || [[Tennessee Senate|Senate]] || 33 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|182|R 27–6}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Texas}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Texas|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Texas Legislature|Legislature]] || [[Texas House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 150 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|430|R 88–62}} || 2 || [[Texas Senate|Senate]] || 31 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|387|R 20–11}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Utah}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Utah|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Utah State Legislature|State Legislature]]{{refn|The [[Constitution of Utah]] names it the "Legislature of the State of Utah", but the legislature brands itself as the "Utah State Legislature".|group="nb"}} || [[Utah House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 75 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|187|R 61–14}} || 2 || [[Utah State Senate|State Senate]] || 29 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|207|R 22–6, 1 FWD{{refn|group="nb"|One senator is registered with the [[Forward Party (United States)|Forward Party]].}}}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Vermont}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Vermont|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Vermont General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Vermont House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 150 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|747|{{abbr|MC|Majority caucus}} 94–56{{refn|group="nb"|The majority in the Vermont House of Representatives is held by a coalition of 87 Democrats, 4 [[Vermont Progressive Party|Vermont Progressives]] and 3 independents. The minority consists of 56 Republicans.}}}} || 2 || [[Vermont Senate|Senate]] || 30 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|759|{{abbr|MC|Majority caucus}} 17–13{{refn|group="nb"|The majority in the Vermont Senate is held by a coalition of 16 Democrats and 1 [[Vermont Progressive Party|Vermont Progressive]]. 13 Republicans make up the minority.}}}} || 2 |- | {{Flag|Virginia}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Virginia|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Virginia General Assembly|General Assembly]] || [[Virginia House of Delegates|House of Delegates]] || 100 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|501|D 51–49}} || 2 || [[Virginia Senate|Senate]] || 40 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|538|D 21–19}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Washington}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of Washington|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Washington State Legislature|State Legislature]]{{refn|The [[Constitution of Washington]] names it "the legislature of the state of Washington", but the legislature brands itself as the "Washington State Legislature".|group="nb"}} || [[Washington House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 98 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sort|592|D 59–39}} || 2 || [[Washington State Senate|State Senate]] || 49 || {{party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|592|D 30–19}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|West Virginia}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of West Virginia|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[West Virginia Legislature|Legislature]] || [[West Virginia House of Delegates|House of Delegates]] || 100 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|110|R 91–9}} || 2 || [[West Virginia Senate|Senate]] || 34 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|88|R 32–2}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Wisconsin}} | {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Governor of Wisconsin|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Wisconsin Legislature|State Legislature]] || [[Wisconsin State Assembly|State Assembly]] || 99 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|354|R 54–45}} || 2 || [[Wisconsin Senate|Senate]] || 33 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|344|R 18–15}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Wyoming}} | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Governor of Wyoming|Governor]] || {{party shading/Republican}}| [[Wyoming Legislature|Legislature]] || [[Wyoming House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 62 | {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sort|81|R 56–6}} || 2 || [[Wyoming Senate|Senate]] || 31 || {{Party shading/Republican}}| {{sort|65|R 29–2}} || 4 |} === Current legislatures === {{mw-datatable}} {| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable sticky-table-head sticky-table-col1" !rowspan=2|State !rowspan=2|Session/term !colspan=2|Last elections |- !Lower house!!Senate |- |{{Flag|Alabama}} |[[2022-2026 Alabama Legislature]] |[[2022 Alabama House of Representatives election|November 8, 2022 (House)]]||[[2022 Alabama Senate election|November 8, 2022 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Alaska}} |[[34th Alaska State Legislature]] |[[2024 Alaska House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Alaska Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Arizona}} |[[56th Arizona State Legislature]] |[[2024 Arizona House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Arizona Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Arkansas}} |[[95th Arkansas General Assembly]] |[[2024 Arkansas House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Arkansas Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|California}} |[[California State Legislature, 2025-26 session]] |[[2024 California State Assembly election|November 5, 2024 (Assembly)]]||[[2024 California State Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Colorado}} |[[75th Colorado General Assembly]] |[[2024 Colorado House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Colorado Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Connecticut}} | [[Connecticut General Assembly]], Session Year 2025 |[[2024 Connecticut House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Connecticut State Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Delaware}} |[[153rd Delaware General Assembly]] |[[2024 Delaware House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Delaware Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Florida}} |[[27th Florida Legislature]] |[[2024 Florida House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Florida Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{flaglist|Georgia (U.S. state)|name=Georgia}} |[[158th Georgia General Assembly]] |[[2024 Georgia House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Georgia State Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Hawaii}} |[[33rd Hawaii State Legislature]] |[[2024 Hawaii House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Hawaii Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Idaho}} |70th [[Idaho Legislature]] |[[2024 Idaho House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Idaho Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Illinois}} |[[104th Illinois General Assembly]] |[[2024 Illinois House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Illinois Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Indiana}} |[[124th Indiana General Assembly]] |[[2024 Indiana House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Indiana Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Iowa}} |[[91st Iowa General Assembly]] |[[2024 Iowa House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Iowa Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Kansas}} |[[2025-2026 Kansas Legislature]] |[[2024 Kansas House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Kansas Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Kentucky}} |[[2025 Kentucky General Assembly]] |[[2024 Kentucky House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Kentucky Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Louisiana}} |[[72nd Louisiana Legislature]] |[[2023 Louisiana House of Representatives election|October 14 and November 18, 2023 (House)]]||[[2023 Louisiana State Senate election|October 14, 2023 and November 18, 2023 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Maine}} |[[132nd Maine Legislature]] |[[2024 Maine House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Maine Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Maryland}} |[[447th Maryland General Assembly]] |[[2022 Maryland House of Delegates election|November 8, 2022 (House)]]||[[2022 Maryland Senate election|November 8, 2022 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Massachusetts}} |[[2025–2026 Massachusetts legislature]] |[[2024 Massachusetts House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Massachusetts Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Michigan}} |[[103rd Michigan Legislature]] ||[[2024 Michigan House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2022 Michigan Senate election|November 8, 2022 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Minnesota}} |[[94th Minnesota Legislature]] |[[2024 Minnesota House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2022 Minnesota Senate election|November 8, 2022 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Mississippi}} |[[2024–2028 Mississippi Legislature]] |[[2023 Mississippi House of Representatives election|November 7, 2023 (House)]]||[[2023 Mississippi Senate election|November 7, 2023 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Missouri}} |[[103rd Missouri General Assembly]] |[[2024 Missouri House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Missouri Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Montana}} |[[69th Montana legislature]] |[[2024 Montana House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Montana Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Nebraska}} |[[109th Nebraska Legislature]] |colspan=2 style="text-align:center;"|[[2024 Nebraska Legislature election|November 5, 2024]] |- |{{Flag|Nevada}} |[[83rd Nevada Legislature]] |[[2024 Nevada Assembly election|November 5, 2024 (Assembly)]]||[[2024 Nevada Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|New Hampshire}} |[[2025-2026 New Hampshire General Court]] |[[2024 New Hampshire House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 New Hampshire Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|New Jersey}} |[[221st New Jersey Legislature]] |[[2023 New Jersey General Assembly election|November 7, 2023 (Assembly)]]||[[2023 New Jersey Senate election|November 7, 2023 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|New Mexico}} |[[57th New Mexico Legislature]] |[[2024 New Mexico House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 New Mexico Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|New York}} |[[206th New York State Legislature]] |[[2024 New York State Assembly election|November 5, 2024 (Assembly)]]||[[2024 New York State Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|North Carolina}} |[[North Carolina General Assembly of 2025–26]] |[[2024 North Carolina House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 North Carolina Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|North Dakota}} |[[69th North Dakota Legislative Assembly]] |[[2024 North Dakota House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 North Dakota Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Ohio}} |[[136th Ohio General Assembly]] |[[2024 Ohio House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Ohio Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Oklahoma}} |[[60th Oklahoma Legislature]] |[[2024 Oklahoma House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Oklahoma Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Oregon}} |[[83rd Oregon Legislative Assembly]] |[[2024 Oregon House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Oregon Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Pennsylvania}} |[[2025-2026 Pennsylvania legislature]] |[[2024 Pennsylvania House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Pennsylvania Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Rhode Island}} | 2025-2026 [[Rhode Island General Assembly]] |[[2024 Rhode Island House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Rhode Island Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|South Carolina}} |[[126th South Carolina General Assembly]] |[[2024 South Carolina House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 South Carolina Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|South Dakota}} |[[100th South Dakota Legislature]] |[[2024 South Dakota House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 South Dakota Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Tennessee}} |[[114th Tennessee General Assembly]] |[[2024 Tennessee House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Tennessee Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Texas}} |[[89th Texas Legislature]] |[[2024 Texas House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Texas Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Utah}} |[[66th Utah State Legislature]] |[[2024 Utah House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Utah Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Vermont}} |[[2025-2026 Vermont General Assembly]] |[[2024 Vermont House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Vermont Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Virginia}} |[[163rd Virginia General Assembly]] |[[2023 Virginia House of Delegates election|November 7, 2023 (House)]]||[[2023 Virginia Senate election|November 7, 2023 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Washington}} |[[69th Washington State Legislature]] |[[2024 Washington House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Washington State Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|West Virginia}} |[[87th West Virginia Legislature]] |[[2024 West Virginia House of Delegates election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 West Virginia Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Wisconsin}} |[[107th Wisconsin Legislature]] |[[2024 Wisconsin State Assembly election|November 5, 2024 (Assembly)]]||[[2024 Wisconsin Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Wyoming}} |[[68th Wyoming State Legislature]] |[[2024 Wyoming House of Representatives election|November 5, 2024 (House)]]||[[2024 Wyoming Senate election|November 5, 2024 (Senate)]] |} === Lists of past terms/sessions === {| class="wikitable mw-datatable sortable sticky-table-col1 sticky-table-head" |+ !State/Territory !List !First session |- | colspan=3 style="text-align: center; background-color:#E6E6FA;" | States |- |{{Flag|Alabama}} | [[List of Alabama state legislatures]] | 1819 |- |{{Flag|Alaska}} | [[List of Alaska State Legislatures]] | [[1st Alaska State Legislature|1959]] |- |{{Flag|Arizona}} | [[List of Arizona state legislatures]] | [[1st Arizona State Legislature|1912]] |- |{{Flag|Arkansas}} | [[List of Arkansas General Assemblies]] | {{ill|1st Arkansas General Assembly|lt=1836|qid=Q104716615}} |- |{{Flag|California}} | [[List of California state legislatures]] | 1849 |- |{{Flag|Colorado}} | [[List of Colorado legislatures]] | {{ill|1st Colorado General Assembly|lt=1876|qid=Q104816699}} |- |{{Flag|Connecticut}} | | |- |{{Flag|Delaware}} | [[List of Delaware General Assembly sessions]] | [[1st Delaware General Assembly|1776]] |- |{{Flag|Florida}} | [[List of Florida state legislatures]] | 1845 |- |{{flaglist|Georgia (U.S. state)|name=Georgia}} | [[List of Georgia state legislatures]] | [[1st Georgia General Assembly|1777]] |- |{{Flag|Hawaii}} | [[List of Hawaii state legislatures]] | {{ill|1st Hawaii state legislature|lt=1959|qid=Q104724174}} |- |{{Flag|Idaho}} | [[List of Idaho state legislatures]] | {{ill|1st Idaho Legislature|lt=1890|qid=Q104888037}} |- |{{Flag|Illinois}} | [[List of Illinois state legislatures]] | [[1st Illinois General Assembly|1818]] |- |{{Flag|Indiana}} | [[List of Indiana General Assemblies]] | {{ill|1st Indiana General Assembly|lt=1816|qid=Q104833109}} |- |{{Flag|Iowa}} | [[List of Iowa General Assemblies]] | {{ill|1st Iowa General Assembly|lt=1846|qid=Q104730791}} |- |{{Flag|Kansas}} | [[List of Kansas state legislatures]] | 1861 [https://cdm16884.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/search/searchterm/Hist-X4/field/identi/mode/exact/conn/and/order/dated/ad/asc] |- |{{Flag|Kentucky}} | [[List of Kentucky General Assemblies]] | |- |{{Flag|Louisiana}} | [[List of Louisiana state legislatures]] | 1812 |- |{{Flag|Maine}} | [[List of Maine state legislatures]] | 1820 |- |{{Flag|Maryland}} | [[List of Maryland General Assemblies]] | |- |{{Flag|Massachusetts}} | [[List of Massachusetts General Courts]] | {{ill|1780-1781 Massachusetts legislature|lt=1780|qid=Q98925540}} |- |{{Flag|Michigan}} | [[List of Michigan state legislatures]] | [[1st Michigan Legislature|1835]] |- |{{Flag|Minnesota}} | [[List of Minnesota state legislatures]] | [[1st Minnesota Legislature|1857]] |- |{{Flag|Mississippi}} | [[List of Mississippi state legislatures]] | 1817 |- |{{Flag|Missouri}} | [[List of Missouri General Assemblies]] | {{ill|1st Missouri General Assembly|lt=1820|qid=Q104845136}} |- |{{Flag|Montana}} | [[List of Montana state legislatures]] | {{ill|1st Montana legislature|lt=1889|qid=Q104777101}} |- |{{Flag|Nebraska}} | [[List of Nebraska state legislatures]] | {{ill|1st Nebraska legislature|lt=1866|qid=Q104776315}} |- |{{Flag|Nevada}} | [[List of Nevada state legislatures]] | {{ill|1st Nevada Legislature|lt=1864|qid=Q104886832}} |- |{{Flag|New Hampshire}} | [[List of New Hampshire General Courts]] | |- |{{Flag|New Jersey}} | [[List of New Jersey state legislatures]] | 1776 |- |{{Flag|New Mexico}} | [[List of New Mexico state legislatures]] | {{ill|1st New Mexico Legislature|lt=1912|qid=Q104820458}} |- |{{Flag|New York}} | [[List of New York State legislatures]] | [[1st New York State Legislature|1777]] |- |{{Flag|North Carolina}} | [[List of North Carolina state legislatures]] | [[North Carolina General Assembly of 1777|1777]] |- |{{Flag|North Dakota}} | [[List of North Dakota Legislative Assemblies]] | {{ill|1st Legislative Assembly of North Dakota|lt=1889|qid=Q104840495}} |- |{{Flag|Ohio}} | [[List of Ohio state legislatures]] | [[1st Ohio General Assembly|1803]] |- |{{Flag|Oklahoma}} | [[List of Oklahoma state legislatures]] | [[1st Oklahoma Legislature|1907]] |- |{{Flag|Oregon}} | [[List of Oregon Legislative Assemblies]] | {{ill|1st Oregon Legislative Assembly|lt=1860|qid=Q104761478}} |- |{{Flag|Pennsylvania}} | [[List of Pennsylvania state legislatures]] | {{ill|1st Pennsylvania General Assembly|lt=1776|qid=Q104785683}} |- |{{Flag|Rhode Island}} | [[List of Rhode Island General Assemblies]] | |- |{{Flag|South Carolina}} | [[List of South Carolina state legislatures]] | |- |{{Flag|South Dakota}} | [[List of South Dakota state legislatures]] | {{ill|1st South Dakota Legislature|lt=1889|qid=Q120736701}} |- |{{Flag|Tennessee}} | [[List of Tennessee General Assemblies]] | {{ill|1st Tennessee General Assembly|lt=1794|qid=Q104787376}} |- |{{Flag|Texas}} | [[List of Texas state legislatures]] | [[1st Texas Legislature|1846]] |- |{{Flag|Utah}} | [[List of Utah state legislatures]] | [[1st Utah State Legislature|1896]] |- |{{Flag|Vermont}} | [[List of Vermont General Assemblies]] | |- |{{Flag|Virginia}} | [[List of Virginia state legislatures]] | [[1st Virginia General Assembly|1776]] |- |{{Flag|Washington}} | [[List of Washington state legislatures]] | {{ill|1st Washington State Legislature|lt=1889|qid=Q104777604}} |- |{{Flag|West Virginia}} | [[List of West Virginia state legislatures]] | [[1st West Virginia legislature|1863]] |- |{{Flag|Wisconsin}} | [[List of Wisconsin state legislatures]] | [[1st Wisconsin Legislature|1848]] |- |{{Flag|Wyoming}} | [[List of Wyoming state legislatures]] | {{ill|1st Wyoming State Legislature|lt=1890|qid=Q104846956}} |- | colspan=3 style="text-align: center; background-color:#E6E6FA;" | Territories |- | {{Flag|American Samoa}} | [[List of American Samoa Fono]] | 1948 |- | {{Flag|Puerto Rico}} | [[List of Legislative Assemblies of Puerto Rico]] | 1949 |- | {{Flag|United States Virgin Islands|name=Virgin Islands}} | [[List of Virgin Islands Legislatures]] | 1955 |- |} == Federal district and territorial legislatures == {{mw-datatable}} {| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable sort-under sticky-table-col1 sticky-table-head" ! rowspan="2" | Federal district or territory !! rowspan="2" | Governor !! rowspan="2" | Name !! colspan="4" | Lower house !! colspan="4" | Upper house |- ! class=sticky-table-none | Name !! Size <ref name="Book of the States"/> !! Party strength !! Term<br>(yrs) !! Name !! Size <ref name="Book of the States"/>!! Party strength !! Term<br>(yrs) |- | {{Flag|American Samoa}}|| {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[List of governors of American Samoa|Governor]] || {{party shading/None}}| [[American Samoa Fono|Fono]] || [[American Samoa House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 20 | {{Party shading/None}} | {{abbr|NP|Nonpartisan}} 20{{refn|The American Samoa House of Representatives also includes one nonpartisan non-voting delegate representing [[Swains Island]].|group="nb"}}|| 2 || [[American Samoa Senate|Senate]] || 18 || {{Party shading/None}}| {{abbr|NP|Nonpartisan}} 18|| 4 |- | {{Flag|District of Columbia}}|| {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Mayor of the District of Columbia|Mayor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Council of the District of Columbia|Council]] || colspan="4" align=center {{Party shading/None}}| ''(Unicameral)'' || [[Council of the District of Columbia|Council]] || 13 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|1000|D 11–0, 2 ind.}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Guam}}|| {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[List of Governors of Guam|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Legislature of Guam|Legislature]] || colspan="4" align=center {{Party shading/None}}| ''(Unicameral)'' || [[Legislature of Guam|Legislature]] || 15 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|600|D 9–6}} || 2 |- | {{Flag|Northern Mariana Islands}}|| {{party shading/Independent}} | [[List of Governors of the Northern Mariana Islands|Governor]] || {{party shading/Independent}}| [[Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Legislature|Commonwealth Legislature]] || [[Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] || 20 || {{party shading/Independent}}| {{sort|800|Coal. 16–4{{refn|group="nb"|The majority in the Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives is held by a coalition of 4 Democrats and 12 independents. The minority consists of 3 Republicans and 1 Independent.}}}} || 2 || [[Northern Mariana Islands Senate|Senate]] || 9 || {{Party shading/Independent}}| {{sort|556|Coal. 5–4{{refn|group="nb"|The majority in the Northern Mariana Islands Senate is held by a coalition of 3 independents and 2 Democrats. The minority consists of 4 Republicans.}}}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|Puerto Rico}}|| {{Party shading/New Progressive Party (Puerto Rico)}} | [[Governor of Puerto Rico|Governor]]|| {{Party shading/Popular Democratic Party (Puerto Rico)}} | [[Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico|Legislative Assembly]]|| [[House of Representatives of Puerto Rico|House of Representatives]] || 51 || {{Party shading/Popular Democratic Party (Puerto Rico)}} | {{sort|553|26 [[Popular Democratic Party (Puerto Rico)|PPD]], 21 [[New Progressive Party (Puerto Rico)|PNP]], 2 [[Movimiento Victoria Ciudadana|MVC]], 1 [[Puerto Rican Independence Party|PIP]], 1 [[Proyecto Dignidad|PD]]{{refn|group="nb"|name="PR"|The parties of Puerto Rico are separate from the Republican and Democratic parties.}}}} || 4 || [[Senate of Puerto Rico|Senate]] || 27 || {{Party shading/Popular Democratic Party (Puerto Rico)}} | {{sort|545|12 [[Popular Democratic Party (Puerto Rico)|PPD]], 10 [[New Progressive Party (Puerto Rico)|PNP]], 2 [[Movimiento Victoria Ciudadana|MVC]], 1 [[Puerto Rican Independence Party|PIP]], 1 [[Proyecto Dignidad|PD]], 1 ind.{{refn|group="nb"|name="PR"}}}} || 4 |- | {{Flag|United States Virgin Islands}}|| {{party shading/Democratic}} |[[List of Governors of the United States Virgin Islands|Governor]] || {{party shading/Democratic}}| [[Legislature of the Virgin Islands|Legislature]] || colspan="4" align=center {{Party shading/None}}| ''(Unicameral)'' || [[Legislature of the Virgin Islands|Legislature]] || 15 || {{Party shading/Democratic}}| {{sort|1000|D 11–0, 4 ind.}} || 2 |- |} === Current legislatures === {| class="wikitable" |+ !State !Session !Last Election |- |{{Flag|Puerto Rico}} |[[19th Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico]] |[[2020 Puerto Rico House of Representatives election|8 November 2020 (House)]] [[2020 Puerto Rico Senate election|8 November 2020 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|Northern Mariana Islands}} |[[23rd Northern Mariana Islands Legislature]] |[[2022 Northern Mariana Islands general election#House of Representatives|8 November 2022 (House)]] [[2022 Northern Mariana Islands general election#Senate|8 November 2022 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|District of Columbia}} | |[[2022 Council of the District of Columbia election|8 November 2022]] |- |{{Flag|American Samoa}} |[[37th American Samoa Fono]] |[[2022 American Samoan general election|November 8, 2022 (House)]] [[2022 American Samoan general election|November 8, 2022 (Senate)]] |- |{{Flag|U.S. Virgin Islands}} |[[35th Virgin Islands Legislature]] |[[2022 United States Virgin Islands legislative election|8 November 2022]] |} == National Conference of State Legislatures. Their latest tables == === States === '''Abbreviations:''' vacancy, undecided, recall, Covenant Party, New Progressive Party, Popular Democratic Party.{{mw-datatable}}{{sort under}} {| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable sort-under sticky-table-row1 sticky-table-col1" |+ 2024 State & Legislative Partisan Composition. As of August 2, 2024. [[National Conference of State Legislatures]].<ref name="NCSL">{{cite web|title=State Partisan Composition|url=https://www.ncsl.org/about-state-legislatures/state-partisan-composition|website=[[National Conference of State Legislatures]]}} Scroll down to latest PDF link. Download it. [[google:pdf+to+excel|Convert to Excel]]. Then copy from freeware [[LibreOffice Calc]] to Visual Editor. See how at the various [[Help:Table]] pages.</ref> |- !STATE !Total Seats !Total Senate !Senate Dem. !Senate Rep. !Senate other !Total House !House Dem. !House Rep. !House other !Leg. Control !Gov. Party !State Control |- |Alabama |140 |35 |8 |27 | |105 |28 |76 |1v |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Alaska |60 |20 |9 |11 | |40 |13 |22 |5 |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Arizona |90 |30 |14 |16 | |60 |28 |32 | |Rep |Dem |Divided |- |Arkansas |135 |35 |6 |29 | |100 |18 |82 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |California |120 |40 |32 |8 | |80 |62 |17 |1v |Dem |Dem |Dem |- |Colorado |100 |35 |23 |12 | |65 |46 |19 | |Dem |Dem |Dem |- |Connecticut |187 |36 |24 |12 | |151 |98 |53 | |Dem |Dem |Dem |- |Delaware |62 |21 |15 |6 | |41 |26 |15 | |Dem |Dem |Dem |- |Florida |160 |40 |12 |28 | |120 |36 |83 |1v |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Georgia |236 |56 |23 |33 | |180 |78 |102 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Hawaii |76 |25 |23 |2 | |51 |45 |6 | |Dem |Dem |Dem |- |Idaho |105 |35 |7 |28 | |70 |11 |59 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Illinois |177 |59 |40 |19 | |118 |78 |40 | |Dem |Dem |Dem |- |Indiana |150 |50 |10 |40 | |100 |30 |70 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Iowa |150 |50 |16 |34 | |100 |36 |64 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Kansas |165 |40 |11 |29 | |125 |40 |85 | |Rep |Dem |Divided |- |Kentucky |138 |38 |7 |31 | |100 |20 |80 | |Rep |Dem |Divided |- |Louisiana |144 |39 |11 |28 | |105 |32 |73 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Maine |186 |35 |22 |13 | |151 |79 |67 |2, 3v |Dem |Dem |Dem |- |Maryland |188 |47 |34 |13 | |141 |102 |39 | |Dem |Dem |Dem |- |Massachusetts |200 |40 |36 |4 | |160 |133 |25 |2 |Dem |Dem |Dem |- |Michigan |148 |38 |20 |18 | |110 |56 |54 | |Dem |Dem |Dem |- |Minnesota |201 |67 |33 |33 |1v |134 |70 |64 | |Divided |Dem |Divided |- |Mississippi |174 |52 |16 |36 | |122 |41 |79 |2 |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Missouri |197 |34 |7 |23 |4v |163 |51 |111 |1 |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Montana |150 |50 |16 |34 | |100 |32 |68 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Nebraska |49 |49 | | |49 | colspan="4" |Unicameral - nonpartisan |N/A |Rep |N/A |- |Nevada |63 |21 |13 |7 |1v |42 |26 |14 |2v |Dem |Rep |Divided |- |New Hampshire |424 |24 |10 |14 | |400 |193 |198 |2, 7v |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |New Jersey |120 |40 |25 |15 | |80 |52 |28 | |Dem |Dem |Dem |- |New Mexico |112 |42 |27 |15 | |70 |45 |25 | |Dem |Dem |Dem |- |New York |213 |63 |41 |21 |1v |150 |100 |48 |2v |Dem |Dem |Dem |- |North Carolina |170 |50 |20 |30 | |120 |48 |72 | |Rep |Dem |Divided |- |North Dakota |141 |47 |4 |42 |1v |94 |12 |82 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Ohio |132 |33 |7 |26 | |99 |32 |67 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Oklahoma |149 |48 |8 |40 | |101 |20 |81 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Oregon |90 |30 |17 |12 |1 |60 |35 |24 |1 |Dem |Dem |Dem |- |Pennsylvania |253 |50 |22 |28 | |203 |100 |101 |2v |Rep |Dem |Divided |- |Rhode Island |113 |38 |32 |5 |1v |75 |65 |9 |1 |Dem |Dem |Dem |- |South Carolina |170 |46 |15 |30 |1 |124 |36 |88 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |South Dakota |105 |35 |4 |31 | |70 |7 |63 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Tennessee |132 |33 |6 |27 | |99 |24 |75 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Texas |181 |31 |12 |19 | |150 |64 |86 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Utah |104 |29 |6 |23 | |75 |14 |61 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Vermont |180 |30 |22 |7 |1 |150 |105 |37 |8 |Dem |Rep |Divided |- |Virginia |140 |40 |21 |19 | |100 |51 |49 | |Dem |Rep |Divided |- |Washington |147 |49 |29 |20 | |98 |58 |40 | |Dem |Dem |Dem |- |West Virginia |134 |34 |3 |31 | |100 |11 |89 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- |Wisconsin |132 |33 |10 |22 |1v |99 |34 |64 |1v |Rep |Dem |Divided |- |Wyoming |93 |31 |2 |29 | |62 |5 |57 | |Rep |Rep |Rep |- class=sortbottom |Total States |7386 |1973 |831 |1080 |52, 10 vacant |5413 |2426 |2943 |24, 20 vacant |29R, 19D, 1 Div. |27R, 23D |23R, 16D, 10 Div. |} === U.S. Territories === '''Abbreviations:''' vacancy, undecided, recall, Covenant Party, New Progressive Party, Popular Democratic Party. {{mw-datatable}}{{sort under}} {| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable sort-under sticky-table-row1 sticky-table-col1" |+ U.S. territories and legislative partisan composition. As of August 2, 2024. [[National Conference of State Legislatures]].<ref name=NCSL/> !U.S. Territories !Total Seats !Total Senate !Senate Dem. !Senate Rep. !Senate other !Total House !House Dem. !House Rep. !House Other !Leg. Control !Gov. Party !Ter. Control |- |American Samoa |39 |18 | colspan="2" |Non-partisan |18 |21 | colspan="2" |Non-partisan |21 | |Dem | |- |District of Columbia |13 |13 |11 | |2 | colspan="4" |Unicameral |Dem |N/A |Dem |- |Guam |15 |15 |9 |6 | | colspan="4" |Unicameral | |Dem | |- |Mariana Islands |29 |9 |2 |4 |3 |20 |4 |3 |13 |Divided |Ind |Divided |- |Puerto Rico |78 |27 |12 DPP |10 NPP |5 |51 |25 DPP |21 NPP |5 |DPP |NPP |Divided |- |Virgin Islands |15 |15 | | |15 | colspan="4" |Unicameral - nonpartisan |Dem |Dem |Dem |} == Related pages == * [[State legislature (United States)]] * [[List of current United States governors]] == Notes == <references group="nb" responsive="1"></references> == References == <references responsive="1"></references> == Other websites == * [http://www.ncsl.org/ National Conference of State Legislatures] {{USStateLists}} {{United States legislatures}} [[Category:State legislatures of the United States|*]] hvotc5sitwzotjm8zae4ie9d67mhwv2 0 1190158 10368861 10335731 2025-07-03T03:27:31Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television channel | name = Premier Sports | logo = | logo_alt = | launch_date = 25 September 2009 | owner = SSBL Limited | country = Ireland | language = English | area = United Kingdom, Ireland | picture_format = [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] | replaced = | sister_channels = | former_names = MSK/MSK Extra (2009–2010)<br />Premier Sports (2010–present) (<small>[[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]</small>)<br />Premier Sports (2010–2023, 2024–present) (<small>UK</small>)<br />Viaplay Sports (2022–2024) (<small>UK</small>) | website = {{url|https://premiersportsireland.com/}} (Ireland)<br/>{{url|https://www.premiersports.com/gb}} (UK) | online_serv_1 = Premier Player | online_chan_1 = [https://www.premierplayer.tv Watch live] }} '''Premier Sports''' is a group pay sports television channels avalible in the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Ireland]] and are owned by SSBL Limited. They have the exclusive live rights to broadcast rights to show [[La Liga]], [[Scottish League Cup]], Elite Ice Hockey League, [[National Hockey League|NHL]], [[NASCAR]] and exclusive live rights to show 53 [[Premier League]] games in the [[Republic of Ireland]]. They also hold shared rights to show [[Scottish Cup]] matches with [[BBC Scotland]] and [[Scottish Premiership]] matches with [[Sky Sports]]. ==History== In 2009, Premier Sports was formed by Irish businessman Michael O'Rourke,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eveningtimes.co.uk/news/celtic-fans-fury-at-dutch-game-blackout-1.1050923|title=Celtic fans' fury at Dutch game blackout|date=11 June 2011|publisher=Herald & Times Group|work=Evening Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610231636/http://www.eveningtimes.co.uk/news/celtic-fans-fury-at-dutch-game-blackout-1.1050923|archive-date=10 June 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> a joint CEO and part owner of Setanta Sports and former director of Premium Sports.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.premiumsportsinc.com/about.html|title=Welcome to Premium Sports|publisher=Premium Sports|access-date=16 January 2012}}</ref> In July 2022, it was announced that Premier Sports was acquired by Viaplay Group in the UK and rebranded the channels under its own brand.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportspromedia.com/news/viaplay-premier-sports-uk-launch-2022-uefa-laliga-tv-rights-subscribers/|title=Viaplay acquires Premier Sports in UK£30m deal to expand UK offering|website=SportsPro|date=21 July 2022}}</ref> Viaplay rebranded Premier Sports under the Viaplay Sports name on 1 November 2022. In November 2023, Premier Sports announced that they had bought Viaplay in the UK and would rebrand the channels back to Premier Sports, the dael was completed in April 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/broadcasting/premier-sports-completes-viaplay-uk-sport-acquisition/5192041.article|title=Premier Sports completes Viaplay UK sport acquisition|website=broadcastnow.co.uk|date=2 April 2024}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [https://premiersportsireland.com/ Official website] (Ireland) * [https://www.premiersports.com/gb Official website] (UK) {{tv-stub}} [[Category:British television networks]] [[Category:Sport in the United Kingdom]] jzkufuicoziruftbltc7h9i5ysooo5u 0 1190463 10368894 10340703 2025-07-03T03:53:58Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Shaheen Bhatt | image = Photos-Mahesh-Bhatt-Soni-Razdan-Alia-Bhatt-and-Pooja-Bhatt-grace-the-launch-of-Shaheen-Bhatts-debut-book-Ive-Never-Been-unHappier (cropped).jpg | caption = Bhatt at 2019 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1988|11|28|df=y}} <!-- Birth date has been contested. Do not add without providing a reliably published source. --> | birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]], India | alma_mater = [[New York University]] | occupation = Film producer | years_active = 2010–present | spouse = | mother = [[Soni Razdan]] | father = [[Mahesh Bhatt]] | family = See [[Bhatt family]] }} '''Shaheen Bhatt''' (born 28 November 1988) is an Indian [[Movie producer|film producer]] and [[Screenwriter]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=14 June 2018|title=Shaheen Bhatt on Her Battle With Depression and Suicide|work=[[Vogue India]]|url=https://www.vogue.in/content/shaheen-bhatt-on-her-battle-with-depression-and-suicide-mental-health|access-date=21 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 October 2023|title=Shaheen Bhatt pens open letter to urge parents and students to reevaluate academic pressures: “Education is a journey, not a marathon”|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/shaheen-bhatt-pens-open-letter-urge-parents-students-reevaluate-academic-pressures-education-journey-not-marathon/|access-date=21 May 2025}}</ref> She is the co-owner of the Production company Eternal Sunshine alongside her sister [[Alia Bhatt]]. == Filmography == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Title !Notes |- |1997 |''Tamanna'' |Child actor |- |2012 |''Raaz 3'' |Assistant director |- |2012 |''Son of Sardaar'' |Writer |- |2022 |''Darlings'' |Producer |- |2024 |''Jigra'' |Producer |} == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * {{IMDb name|7248508}} {{bio-stub}} [[Category:1988 births]] [[Category:Living people]] n4k297a9k2ftr6o0uk1x33vupjzertp 0 1190481 10369062 10345801 2025-07-03T06:36:58Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10369062 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Asendorf''' is a village in the Samtgemeinde Bruchhausen-Vilsen in the [[Diepholz (district)|Diepholz district]] of [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]]. == Geography == === Location === The village is located 36&nbsp;km (22&nbsp;mi) south of [[Bremen]]. It is the second-largest place in its [[Samtgemeinde|joint municipality]]. === Divisions === Asendorf is made up of these eight areas: * Asendorf (the main village) * Brebber * Essen * Graue * Haendorf * Hohenmoor * Kuhlenkamp * Uepsen == History == === Place name === The village was called ''Asenthorpe'' in 1252 and ''Asendorpe'' in 1330. The personal name ''Aso'' might come from the Germanic word ''Ans'', which refers to the [[Æsir]], the pagan gods of the [[Germanic peoples]]. Names like ''Anso, Aso, Aaso, Asso, Oso, Osso'' are known from written sources since the 8th century. The name could also be of [[Lombards|Lombard]] origin, as there was a Lombard personal name ''Aso'' or ''Anso''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-12-07|title=Ortsnamen - Übersicht für den Buchstaben A {{!}} NDR.de - NDR 1 Niedersachsen - Programm|url=https://www.ndr.de/ndr1niedersachsen/programm/Ortsnamen-Uebersicht-fuer-Buchstaben-A,ortsnamenforscher101.html|access-date=2025-05-21|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2015-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151207140936/https://www.ndr.de/ndr1niedersachsen/programm/Ortsnamen-Uebersicht-fuer-Buchstaben-A,ortsnamenforscher101.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> === Village history === [[File:Asendorf 033.JPG|thumb|St. Marcellus Church in Asendorf]]Asendorf was first mentioned in a document in 091. This document describes events from a few years earlier. Gerhard&nbsp;II. von Stumpenhusen was supposed to give seven farms and eight [[serf]]s in Asendorf, plus four more farms in Uepsen, to the church. He was accused of cheating the church and being [[Excommunication|excommunicated]] because he only gave four farms from Asendorf and two from Uepsen. The church in Achim took him to court because of this fraud and the unpaid farms and serfs. The highest church leaders in the region, Archbishop Liemar of Bremen, and his vassal Duke Magnus (who held the king's ban), led the court. More than 300 people attended, including knights from the Archbishop, the Duke, and the Margrave. Asendorf was already a Kerkspeel (a church parish) with a presbyter named Lambertus at that time, which means the church building must have existed then. The village started much earlier, but its official 900-year celebration was held in 1991. Around 1250, there was a confirmed parish church ("parochia in Asenthorpe"). In the 16th century, the church records mentioned it again. The St. Paul's Monastery outside Bremen, which the Asendorf church belonged to, refused to help pay off debts caused by the occupation of the County of Hoya by the Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg. As a result, Count Jobst&nbsp;II. von Hoya seized the monastery's properties in Asendorf. In 1524, the tower of the St. Marcellus Church was built, and the nave was made larger. The church was repaired in 1778, and in 1909, two transepts and the apse were added. Between 1950 and 1964, the church was fully restored, and the inside was painted. In 1898, the Hoya-Syke-Asendorf narrow-gauge railway opened, and in 1900, it was extended to Bruchhausen-Vilsen–Asendorf. The Asendorf station is now the end point of the First Museum Railway in Germany. The current Bundesstraße&nbsp;6 (federal highway 6) was already planned from Syke to Wietzen in 1771, but it was not paved until 1810 to 1826. From 2001 to 2013, the village received money from the Lower Saxony village renewal program. === Mergers === The Samtgemeinde Asendorf was dissolved during the Lower Saxony local government reform on March 1, 1974. The communities of Brebber, Essen, Graue, Haendorf, Hohenmoor, Kuhlenkamp, and Uepsen were combined with Asendorf to form the present rural municipality of Asendorf. == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://www.asendorf.info/ Asendorf Website] * [http://drupal.asendorf.info/gemeinde/gemeinde-asendorf History of Asendorf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810015329/http://drupal.asendorf.info/gemeinde/gemeinde-asendorf |date=2020-08-10 }} * [http://www.museumseisenbahn.de/ Museum Railway between Bruchhausen-Vilsen and Asendorf] * [http://www.kunst-schuppen.de/ Homepage of the Kunst-Schuppen Asendorf] * [http://www.ansichtskarten-bruchhausen-vilsen.de/gemeinde_asendorf/ Historical postcards from Asendorf] [[Category:Asendorf (Diepholz district)]] [[Category:Villages in the Diepholz district]] [[Category:1091 establishments]] 7p1djdj64kcheappaxm76xv1qphly9u 0 1190695 10368923 10342612 2025-07-03T04:04:23Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{merge|Hindu astrology|date=June 2025}} '''Vedic astrology''', also known as '''Jyotisha''' ({{lang-sa|ज्योतिष}}), is the traditional Hindu system of astrology, with its origins in ancient Indian scriptures called the [[Vedas]]. It is one of the six [[Vedanga]]s, or ancillary disciplines of Vedic literature, and plays an important role in [[Hinduism|Hindu]] religious and cultural practices. == Etymology == The Sanskrit word ''Jyotisha'' is derived from ''jyoti'' (light or celestial body) and ''isha'' (lord or knowledge), and is often translated as the "science of light" or "knowledge of the heavens." == History == The roots of Vedic astrology date back to the [[Rigveda]] (c. 1500 BCE), which contains hymns referencing celestial phenomena. The system was later formalized in classical texts such as the ''[[Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra]]'' (attributed to sage [[Parashara]]), and the ''[[Brihat Samhita]]'' by [[Varahamihira]] (6th century CE). Over centuries, Vedic astrology evolved to incorporate elements of myth, astronomy, and philosophy.<ref name="pingree1981">Pingree, David. ''Jyotiḥśāstra: Astral and Mathematical Literature''. Otto Harrassowitz, 1981.</ref> == Core Concepts == === Grahas (Planets) === Vedic astrology recognizes nine primary celestial influences, known as the ''[[Navagraha|grahas]]'': * Surya (Sun) * Chandra (Moon) * Mangala (Mars) * Budha (Mercury) * Guru (Jupiter) * Shukra (Venus) * Shani (Saturn) * Rahu (ascending lunar node) * Ketu (descending lunar node) === Rashis (Zodiac Signs) === The zodiac is divided into 12 signs (''rāśis'') beginning with [[Mesha (astrology)|Mesha]] (Aries) and ending with [[Meena (astrology)|Meena]] (Pisces). Unlike Western astrology, Vedic astrology uses the [[sidereal zodiac]], which aligns with the constellations rather than the equinoxes. === Bhavas (Houses) === The astrological chart is divided into 12 houses (''bhāvas''), each representing different aspects of life, such as personality, wealth, relationships, and career. === Nakshatras (Lunar Mansions) === The zodiac is further divided into 27 (sometimes 28) ''nakshatras'', or lunar mansions, which offer more nuanced astrological interpretations. == Divisional Charts == Vedic astrology utilizes multiple charts known as ''[[Varga chart|divisional charts]]'' to analyze specific aspects of life. The most commonly used include: * Navamsa (D9) – for marriage and spiritual path * Dasamsa (D10) – for profession * Saptamsa (D7) – for children == Dashas and Transits == === Dasha Systems === The ''[[Vimshottari Dasha]]'' system is a widely used predictive tool in Vedic astrology. It divides a human lifespan into planetary periods ruled by the nine grahas, each influencing the native's life in a specific way.<ref name="kapoor2002">Kapoor, Subodh. ''Encyclopaedia of Ancient Indian Sciences''. Cosmo Publications, 2002.</ref> === Gocharas (Transits) === ''Gocharas'' are the transitory movements of planets through the zodiac. Astrologers analyze these in conjunction with dashas to forecast outcomes and suggest remedies. == Applications == Vedic astrology is applied in: * Personal life guidance * ''[[Kundali matching]]'' (compatibility for marriage) * Determining auspicious dates (''[[Muhurta]]'') * Health and medical astrology * Political and financial forecasting == Comparison with Western Astrology == Vedic astrology differs from [[Western astrology]] in several key areas: * It uses the sidereal zodiac instead of the tropical zodiac. * Greater emphasis is placed on the Moon sign, ''nakshatras'', and planetary periods (''dashas''). * Divisional charts and lunar nodes play a larger role in analysis. == Scientific Reception == Vedic astrology, like other forms of astrology, is considered a [[pseudoscience]] by the mainstream scientific community. Studies have shown no statistical validity to astrological predictions.<ref name="cornelius2003">Cornelius, Geoffrey. ''The Moment of Astrology: Origins in Divination''. Wessex Astrologer Ltd., 2003.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dean |first=Geoffrey |title=Does Astrology Need to be True? |journal=The Skeptical Inquirer |volume=25 |issue=2 |year=2001 |pages=26–32}}</ref> == Related pages == * [[Hindu calendar]] == References == <references/> == Other websites == * [https://www.academyofvedicvidya.com/professional-vedic-astrology/ astrology course] [[Category:Astrology by tradition]] [[Category:Hindu astrology]] [[Category:Vedangas]] [[Category:Pseudoscience]] 1z9y89l69qp2obu7mggfxn1w77e2sla 14 1190858 10367733 10358355 2025-07-02T14:22:29Z EmausBot 111904 Bot: 1 interwiki links moved, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q110949836]] 10367733 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Movies by American directors|Cheadle, Don]] [[Category:Don Cheadle]] ie1hsl8ifcyv565dorm22dme17ae2w9 0 1191080 10367797 10342851 2025-07-02T15:28:37Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10367797 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiple issues| {{dead end|date=June 2025}} {{orphan|date=June 2025}} {{wikify|date=June 2025}} }} {{uncat|date=June 2025}} {{Infobox sportsperson | name = Ali Amirian | native_name = علی امیریان | nationality = Iranian | sport = Athletics | event = 800 metres, 1500 metres }} '''Ali Amirian''' is an Iranian middle-distance runner specializing in the 800 metres and 1500 metres events. He has represented Iran at national and international competitions, winning multiple medals and setting national records. == Career == === International === * Gold medal in the 800 metres at the 2024 World Athletics Bronze Tour in Dubai.<ref name="MehrDubai">{{cite web|date=2024-05-03|title=Ali Amirian wins gold in 800m|url=https://www.mehrnews.com/amp/6096022/|publisher=Mehr News|language=fa}}</ref> * Silver medal in the 800 metres and bronze in the 1500 metres at the Imam Reza International Athletics Cup in Mashhad.<ref name="IranDaily">{{cite web|date=2024-05|title=Iranian athletes win medals in Mashhad|url=https://newspaper.irandaily.ir/7513/6/7767|publisher=Iran Daily}}</ref> * Bronze medals in the 1500 metres and 4x400 metres relay at the 2024 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships.<ref name="Aftab">{{cite web|title=Iran wins two bronze medals at Asian Indoor Championships|url=https://aftabnews.ir/fa/news/893235|publisher=Aftab News}}</ref><ref name="TehranTimesBronze">{{cite web|title=Two bronzes for Iran at Asian Indoor Champs|url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/495037/Iranian-athletes-win-two-more-bronzes-at-2024-Asian-Indoor-Athletic|publisher=Tehran Times}}</ref> === National === * Two gold medals in 800m and 1500m at Iran U20 Championships.<ref name="Borna">{{cite web|title=Amirian dominates U20 Championships|url=https://borna.news/fa/amp/news/1367330|publisher=Borna News}}</ref> * Silver medal in 800 metres at 2023 national championship.<ref name="IRNA1">{{cite web|title=Silver medal for Amirian in 800m|url=https://www.irna.ir/amp/85465259/|publisher=IRNA}}</ref> * Set a new Iranian national indoor record in the 800 metres.<ref name="ISNA">{{cite web|title=Ali Amirian breaks Iran’s 800m record|url=https://www.isna.ir/amp/1403021410474/|publisher=ISNA}}</ref><ref name="Moj">{{cite web|title=Iranian athlete sets new 800m record|url=https://www.mojnews.com/بخش-ورزشی-7/623781|publisher=Moj News}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Selected as Iran’s Best Young Athlete of 2021.<ref name="FarsAward">{{cite web|title=Ali Amirian named top young athlete|url=https://farsnews.ir/Provinces/1661180247000340927|publisher=Fars News}}</ref> === National Team === * Participated in Iranian national team training camp in Sanandaj.<ref name="Tasnim">{{cite web|title=Sanandaj hosts athletics national team camp|url=https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1403/09/28/3221426/|publisher=Tasnim News}}</ref> === Other Coverage === * Tehran Times featured Amirian’s performance in Asian Indoor events.<ref name="TTTag">{{cite web|title=Asian Indoor Athletics Championships coverage|url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/tag/asian+indoor+athletic+championships|publisher=Tehran Times}}</ref> * YJC reported on his performance in national events.<ref name="YJC">{{cite web|title=Ali Amirian competes in national meets|url=https://www.yjc.ir/fa/amp/news/8657741|publisher=YJC}}</ref> * IRIB also covered his competition success.<ref name="IRIB">{{cite web|title=Amirian's national record coverage|url=https://www.iribnews.ir/fa/amp/news/4226066|publisher=IRIB}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} * [https://farsnews.ir/Provinces/1661180247000340927 Fars News – Ali Amirian named top young athlete] * [https://aftabnews.ir/fa/news/893235 Aftab News – Two bronze medals at Asian Indoor Championships] * [https://www.mojnews.com/بخش-ورزشی-7/623781 Moj News – Amirian breaks national 800m record]{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://www.mehrnews.com/amp/6096022 Mehr News – Gold medal in Dubai World Tour] * [https://borna.news/fa/amp/news/1367330 Borna News – Two gold medals at U20 national championships] * [https://www.irna.ir/amp/85465259 IRNA – Silver medal in national championship] * [https://www.iribnews.ir/fa/amp/news/4226066 IRIB News – Amirian’s national performance] * [https://www.yjc.ir/fa/amp/news/8657741 YJC – Coverage of Amirian’s national events] * [https://www.isna.ir/amp/1403021410474 ISNA – New Iranian 800m record by Amirian] * [https://www.irna.ir/amp/83548764 IRNA – National athletics championship report] * [https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1403/09/28/3221426 Tasnim News – National team training in Sanandaj] * [https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/495037 Tehran Times – Two bronze medals at 2024 Asian Indoor Champs] * [https://www.tehrantimes.com/tag/asian+indoor+athletic+championships Tehran Times – Coverage of Asian Indoor Championships] * [https://newspaper.irandaily.ir/7513/6/7767 Iran Daily – Imam Reza Cup medalists report] dyg7j0uhm4wly4ngv9re40tox400rwm 0 1191465 10368816 10323807 2025-07-03T03:10:11Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368816 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Meggy Zakaria''' (August 24, 1945 – October 21, 2009) was an Indonesian dangdut singer and actor. He is very well known to the public as a dangdut [[singer]]. In addition, he is also known as an actor in soap operas and feature films. He used to play an antagonist in the 1970s and became a protagonist in the 2000s.<ref>{{Cite web|last=JagoDangdut.com|title=Biodata Lengkap, Profil Meggy Z Terbaru Artis Dangdut|url=https://www.jagodangdut.com/biduan/21-meggy-zakaria|access-date=2025-05-24|website=www.jagodangdut.com|language=id}}</ref> {{Infobox person | name = Meggy Z | image = Meggy-z.jpg | alt = | caption = Meggy Z | birth_name = Meggy Zakaria | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1945|08|24}} | birth_place = [[Depok|Jawa Barat]], Indonesia | occupation = {{flatlist| * Singer * songwriter * musician *actor }} | partner = [[Zainabun]] {{nowrap|(1970–2009)}} | years_active = 1958–2009 | module = }} == Personal life == Meggy Z. is a senior dangdut singer, although she has also tried her hand at acting, but her fame is more in the world of dangdut music. Meggy's loyalty in the dangdut world has also been recognized. At the 1997 TPI Dangdut Awards, she received an award as the Best Dangdut Recording Singer. Through Benang Biru, a year later, in 1998, this song became the Best Dangdut Song at the 1998 TPI Dangdut Awards. In addition to being a favorite of the judges, this song was also a favorite of dangdut fans in the country. Although at that time male dangdut singers began to emerge, she was still a favorite. One of the proofs was her success in becoming the Favorite Male Singer through her song, Permisi at the same event in 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|last=JagoDangdut.com|date=2024-10-21|title=15 Tahun Mengenang Kepergian Meggy Z: Intip Karya Legendaris Sang Penyanyi Dangdut Lagendaris|url=https://www.jagodangdut.com/artikel/47685-15-tahun-mengenang-kepergian-meggy-z-intip-karya-legendaris-sang-penyanyi-dangdut-lagendaris|access-date=2025-05-24|website=www.jagodangdut.com|language=id}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Nofianti|first=Maria|title=Profil Meggy Z, Penyanyi Dangdut Legendaris Indonesia yang Populer dengan Lagu Sakit Gigi|url=https://portalpurwokerto.pikiran-rakyat.com/seleb/pr-1152677478/profil-meggy-z-penyanyi-dangdut-legendaris-indonesia-yang-populer-dengan-lagu-sakit-gigi|access-date=2025-05-24|website=Portal Purwokerto|language=id}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=mili.id|date=2024-10-21|title=21 Oktober 15 Tahun Lalu Pedangdut Meggy Z Wafat, Berikut Deretan Karyanya|url=https://mili.id/baca-13732-21-oktober-15-tahun-lalu-pedangdut-meggy-z-wafat-berikut-deretan-karyanya|access-date=2025-05-24|website=mili.id|language=id}}</ref> == Discography == '''Solo Albums''' * ''1988: Kau Hina Diriku'' * ''1990: Lebih Baik Sakit Gigi'' * ''1992: Terlanjur basah'' * ''1994: ngat Waktu Susah'' * ''1995: Rindu'' * ''1996: Senyum Membawa Luka'' * ''1997: Benang Biru''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lirik Lagu Benang Biru - Meggy Z|url=https://kumparan.com/katalog-musik/lirik-lagu-benang-biru-meggy-z-1yHFWXe4BCa|access-date=2025-05-24|website=kumparan|language=id-ID}}</ref> * ''1997: Berakhir Pula'' * ''1997: Ganjal Batu'' * ''1997: Masih Punya Cinta'' * ''1998: Mata Air Cinta'' * ''1998: Usah dikejar Lagi'' * ''2000: Mahal'' * ''2001: Permisi'' * ''2002: You'' * ''Sri Kapan Kau Kembali'' * ''2005: Edisi Khusus Dangdut Koplo Sakau (Sakit Karena Engkau)'' * ''2006: Hutang Cinta'' '''Duet Album''' * ''1983: 12 Lagu Top Film India Vol. 2 (Hits: Milikku Milikku) (Bersama Riza Umami)'' * ''1985: Dangdut Romantik 1985 (Hits: Yatim Piatu) (Bersama Riza Umami)'' * ''2002: 30 Nonstop Dangdut Koplo (Hits: Mandul) (Bersama Kristina)'' * ''2002: Album Dangdut Koplo (Hits: Rujuk) (Bersama Kristina)'' * ''2005: Satu Kepastian (Bersama Atika Basri & Anita Kemang)'' == References == <references /> == Other websites == * https://www.kapanlagi.com/meggy-z/ [[Category:1945 births]] [[Category:Songwriters]] [[Category:Indonesian singers]] [[Category:2009 deaths]] 6vn7nm63lmk27rgab40vcd8ugphzfke 3 1191514 10367920 10363496 2025-07-02T16:54:30Z Nyctous 1590962 /* User:Barras/Stats */ new section 10367920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{usertalkheader}} {{Archive box| <center>[[User talk:Barras/Archive|Overview]]<br /> [[/Archive_1|I]] — [[/Archive_2|II]] — [[/Archive_3|III]] — [[/Archive_4|IV]] — [[/Archive_5|V]] <br /> [[/Archive_6|VI]] — [[/Archive_7|VII]] — [[/Archive_8|VIII]] — [[/Archive_9|IX]] — [[/Archive_10|X]] <br /> [[/Archive_11|XI]] — [[/Archive_12|XII]] — [[/Archive_13|XIII]] — [[/Archive_14|XIV]] — [[/Archive_15|XV]] <br /> [[/Archive_16|XVI]] — [[/Archive_17|XVII]] — [[/Archive_18|XVIII]] — [[/Archive_19|XIX]] — [[/Archive 20|XX]] <br /> [[/Archive_21|XXI]] — [[/Archive_22|XXII]] — [[/Archive_23|XXIII]] — [[/Archive_24|XXIV]] </center> }} == Hi mate == Long time no see, hope you are well. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:35, 24 May 2025 (UTC) :Hey there! I'm doing fine. Hope you too :) - [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 23:38, 24 May 2025 (UTC) == UtherSRG keeps undoing my edits! == Please do something with this mod!!!! [[Special:Contributions/191.95.48.8|191.95.48.8]] ([[User talk:191.95.48.8|talk]]) 20:48, 25 May 2025 (UTC) :That's an enwiki problem. Take your discussion there. [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 20:48, 25 May 2025 (UTC) ::He blocked me from En-wiki. I just wanted to contribute, i am not vandalizing..... :'( [[Special:Contributions/191.95.48.8|191.95.48.8]] ([[User talk:191.95.48.8|talk]]) 20:50, 25 May 2025 (UTC) :::Then apeal your block there. This is not the right place. - [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 20:51, 25 May 2025 (UTC) == Welcome back! == Just noticed some changes from you. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 21:37, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :Hi Auntof6. Nice to see some people around here from years ago! :) - [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 21:38, 28 May 2025 (UTC) == Daharia == [[Daharia]] seems "officially" unrelated to the caste collection you nominated, but seems to be in the similar vein. Think it should be folded in to the RFD, or stand on its own for one? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 17:38, 3 June 2025 (UTC) :I'd take it to a separate RFD. I guess it should be deleted as well, but it doesn't actually fit in the list. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 17:56, 3 June 2025 (UTC) == Your RfA was successful... == Hello Barras, your RfA was successful, I have assigned your permissioons. As I counmted, we had two people (of a total of 17 votes) opposing, so an approval rating of rogly 88%... Congrats, on getting the tools again, use them to the benefit of the community.. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 22:00, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :Thanks a lot for granting me those rights again, Eptalon! -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 22:01, 19 June 2025 (UTC) ::Congratulations, you're it. Now I can goof off lol '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 22:14, 19 June 2025 (UTC) [[File:Admin T-shirt.svg|thumb]] :::Let's not forget the T-shirt. ;)--[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 22:38, 19 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Is that a new one, or did you just dig out my first one? ;-) [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 22:39, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :::::Hadn’t you donated it to the local thrift shop? Welcome back! See you’re wasting no time and tackling RFD closures. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 23:05, 19 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::Congratulations Barras, I'm already impressed with you and you've only been an admin for like 2 hours!, Changing to support was definetely the best thing I could've ever done and I'm pleased I did! :), ::::::Happy deleting, keeping, nuking and blocking!, Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 23:30, 19 June 2025 (UTC) *Thanks to all who supported me. I will do my best to not [[:m:Special:Diff/13832334|propose a project's main page for deletion]] again. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 07:26, 20 June 2025 (UTC) *: You could always [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&logid=331077| be worse.] Welcome back.[[User:Gordonrox24|<span style="font-family:Script MT;color:#36B">Gordonrox24</span>]]&nbsp;&#124;&nbsp;[[User_talk:Gordonrox24|^{<span style="font-family:Arial;color:red">''Talk''</span>}]] == Chromebook challenge == Hi. I'm sorry but I have undeleted [[Chromebook challenge]] as I disagree with your closure of the RfD. I already turned down the request to G4 as I stated on the talk page (which you didn't delete) that it was substantially different to the original page so that G4 was invalid. That's why the 2nd RfD was happening. Hope you understand, regards '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:44, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :Hey Fr33kman. I'm sorry. I had that on my to-do list for a few days. I must've missed something. I now reverted the closure. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 07:19, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::That's cool, cheers '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 12:42, 20 June 2025 (UTC) == Arigo Technologies == Would you consider reopening and extending the RFD of [[Arigo Technologies]]? The sole comment was from the creator of the article so some other views would be appreciated. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 20:09, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :Good catch. Thanks for the report! -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 20:14, 20 June 2025 (UTC) == Thank you... == For your closing message on that deletion discussion. Happy Pride Month to you too. [[User:Hex|Hex]] ([[User talk:Hex|talk]]) 12:16, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :You're welcome. I thought about including a rainbow flag as well, but decided to be at least a little nice. ;-) -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 12:22, 30 June 2025 (UTC) == User:Barras/Stats == Hi Barras, I was looking at your suppage User:Barras/Stats and saw that the link to your newest RFA on Simple Wikipedia needs updating. It links to your first RFA on Simple Wikipedia at the moment. [[User:Nyctous|Nyctous]] ([[User talk:Nyctous|talk]]) 16:54, 2 July 2025 (UTC) gf8jq195t8uuwpzp3dxsxs7ibhx36jf 10368122 10367920 2025-07-02T19:22:45Z Barras 40117 /* User:Barras/Stats */ Reply 10368122 wikitext text/x-wiki {{usertalkheader}} {{Archive box| <center>[[User talk:Barras/Archive|Overview]]<br /> [[/Archive_1|I]] — [[/Archive_2|II]] — [[/Archive_3|III]] — [[/Archive_4|IV]] — [[/Archive_5|V]] <br /> [[/Archive_6|VI]] — [[/Archive_7|VII]] — [[/Archive_8|VIII]] — [[/Archive_9|IX]] — [[/Archive_10|X]] <br /> [[/Archive_11|XI]] — [[/Archive_12|XII]] — [[/Archive_13|XIII]] — [[/Archive_14|XIV]] — [[/Archive_15|XV]] <br /> [[/Archive_16|XVI]] — [[/Archive_17|XVII]] — [[/Archive_18|XVIII]] — [[/Archive_19|XIX]] — [[/Archive 20|XX]] <br /> [[/Archive_21|XXI]] — [[/Archive_22|XXII]] — [[/Archive_23|XXIII]] — [[/Archive_24|XXIV]] </center> }} == Hi mate == Long time no see, hope you are well. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:35, 24 May 2025 (UTC) :Hey there! I'm doing fine. Hope you too :) - [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 23:38, 24 May 2025 (UTC) == UtherSRG keeps undoing my edits! == Please do something with this mod!!!! [[Special:Contributions/191.95.48.8|191.95.48.8]] ([[User talk:191.95.48.8|talk]]) 20:48, 25 May 2025 (UTC) :That's an enwiki problem. Take your discussion there. [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 20:48, 25 May 2025 (UTC) ::He blocked me from En-wiki. I just wanted to contribute, i am not vandalizing..... :'( [[Special:Contributions/191.95.48.8|191.95.48.8]] ([[User talk:191.95.48.8|talk]]) 20:50, 25 May 2025 (UTC) :::Then apeal your block there. This is not the right place. - [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 20:51, 25 May 2025 (UTC) == Welcome back! == Just noticed some changes from you. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 21:37, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :Hi Auntof6. Nice to see some people around here from years ago! :) - [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 21:38, 28 May 2025 (UTC) == Daharia == [[Daharia]] seems "officially" unrelated to the caste collection you nominated, but seems to be in the similar vein. Think it should be folded in to the RFD, or stand on its own for one? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 17:38, 3 June 2025 (UTC) :I'd take it to a separate RFD. I guess it should be deleted as well, but it doesn't actually fit in the list. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 17:56, 3 June 2025 (UTC) == Your RfA was successful... == Hello Barras, your RfA was successful, I have assigned your permissioons. As I counmted, we had two people (of a total of 17 votes) opposing, so an approval rating of rogly 88%... Congrats, on getting the tools again, use them to the benefit of the community.. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 22:00, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :Thanks a lot for granting me those rights again, Eptalon! -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 22:01, 19 June 2025 (UTC) ::Congratulations, you're it. Now I can goof off lol '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 22:14, 19 June 2025 (UTC) [[File:Admin T-shirt.svg|thumb]] :::Let's not forget the T-shirt. ;)--[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 22:38, 19 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Is that a new one, or did you just dig out my first one? ;-) [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 22:39, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :::::Hadn’t you donated it to the local thrift shop? Welcome back! See you’re wasting no time and tackling RFD closures. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 23:05, 19 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::Congratulations Barras, I'm already impressed with you and you've only been an admin for like 2 hours!, Changing to support was definetely the best thing I could've ever done and I'm pleased I did! :), ::::::Happy deleting, keeping, nuking and blocking!, Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 23:30, 19 June 2025 (UTC) *Thanks to all who supported me. I will do my best to not [[:m:Special:Diff/13832334|propose a project's main page for deletion]] again. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 07:26, 20 June 2025 (UTC) *: You could always [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&logid=331077| be worse.] Welcome back.[[User:Gordonrox24|<span style="font-family:Script MT;color:#36B">Gordonrox24</span>]]&nbsp;&#124;&nbsp;[[User_talk:Gordonrox24|^{<span style="font-family:Arial;color:red">''Talk''</span>}]] == Chromebook challenge == Hi. I'm sorry but I have undeleted [[Chromebook challenge]] as I disagree with your closure of the RfD. I already turned down the request to G4 as I stated on the talk page (which you didn't delete) that it was substantially different to the original page so that G4 was invalid. That's why the 2nd RfD was happening. Hope you understand, regards '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:44, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :Hey Fr33kman. I'm sorry. I had that on my to-do list for a few days. I must've missed something. I now reverted the closure. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 07:19, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::That's cool, cheers '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 12:42, 20 June 2025 (UTC) == Arigo Technologies == Would you consider reopening and extending the RFD of [[Arigo Technologies]]? The sole comment was from the creator of the article so some other views would be appreciated. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 20:09, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :Good catch. Thanks for the report! -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 20:14, 20 June 2025 (UTC) == Thank you... == For your closing message on that deletion discussion. Happy Pride Month to you too. [[User:Hex|Hex]] ([[User talk:Hex|talk]]) 12:16, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :You're welcome. I thought about including a rainbow flag as well, but decided to be at least a little nice. ;-) -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 12:22, 30 June 2025 (UTC) == User:Barras/Stats == Hi Barras, I was looking at your suppage User:Barras/Stats and saw that the link to your newest RFA on Simple Wikipedia needs updating. It links to your first RFA on Simple Wikipedia at the moment. [[User:Nyctous|Nyctous]] ([[User talk:Nyctous|talk]]) 16:54, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :Thanks for the hint. Fixed. [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 19:22, 2 July 2025 (UTC) aqhbgy0vjdw0xrxxawugbtm3m5p8trv 10368237 10368122 2025-07-02T20:40:44Z Ferien 1011873 /* Your RfA was successful... */ congrats 10368237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{usertalkheader}} {{Archive box| <center>[[User talk:Barras/Archive|Overview]]<br /> [[/Archive_1|I]] — [[/Archive_2|II]] — [[/Archive_3|III]] — [[/Archive_4|IV]] — [[/Archive_5|V]] <br /> [[/Archive_6|VI]] — [[/Archive_7|VII]] — [[/Archive_8|VIII]] — [[/Archive_9|IX]] — [[/Archive_10|X]] <br /> [[/Archive_11|XI]] — [[/Archive_12|XII]] — [[/Archive_13|XIII]] — [[/Archive_14|XIV]] — [[/Archive_15|XV]] <br /> [[/Archive_16|XVI]] — [[/Archive_17|XVII]] — [[/Archive_18|XVIII]] — [[/Archive_19|XIX]] — [[/Archive 20|XX]] <br /> [[/Archive_21|XXI]] — [[/Archive_22|XXII]] — [[/Archive_23|XXIII]] — [[/Archive_24|XXIV]] </center> }} == Hi mate == Long time no see, hope you are well. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:35, 24 May 2025 (UTC) :Hey there! I'm doing fine. Hope you too :) - [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 23:38, 24 May 2025 (UTC) == UtherSRG keeps undoing my edits! == Please do something with this mod!!!! [[Special:Contributions/191.95.48.8|191.95.48.8]] ([[User talk:191.95.48.8|talk]]) 20:48, 25 May 2025 (UTC) :That's an enwiki problem. Take your discussion there. [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 20:48, 25 May 2025 (UTC) ::He blocked me from En-wiki. I just wanted to contribute, i am not vandalizing..... :'( [[Special:Contributions/191.95.48.8|191.95.48.8]] ([[User talk:191.95.48.8|talk]]) 20:50, 25 May 2025 (UTC) :::Then apeal your block there. This is not the right place. - [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 20:51, 25 May 2025 (UTC) == Welcome back! == Just noticed some changes from you. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 21:37, 28 May 2025 (UTC) :Hi Auntof6. Nice to see some people around here from years ago! :) - [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 21:38, 28 May 2025 (UTC) == Daharia == [[Daharia]] seems "officially" unrelated to the caste collection you nominated, but seems to be in the similar vein. Think it should be folded in to the RFD, or stand on its own for one? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 17:38, 3 June 2025 (UTC) :I'd take it to a separate RFD. I guess it should be deleted as well, but it doesn't actually fit in the list. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 17:56, 3 June 2025 (UTC) == Your RfA was successful... == Hello Barras, your RfA was successful, I have assigned your permissioons. As I counmted, we had two people (of a total of 17 votes) opposing, so an approval rating of rogly 88%... Congrats, on getting the tools again, use them to the benefit of the community.. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 22:00, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :Thanks a lot for granting me those rights again, Eptalon! -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 22:01, 19 June 2025 (UTC) ::Congratulations, you're it. Now I can goof off lol '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 22:14, 19 June 2025 (UTC) [[File:Admin T-shirt.svg|thumb]] :::Let's not forget the T-shirt. ;)--[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 22:38, 19 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Is that a new one, or did you just dig out my first one? ;-) [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 22:39, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :::::Hadn’t you donated it to the local thrift shop? Welcome back! See you’re wasting no time and tackling RFD closures. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 23:05, 19 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::Congratulations Barras, I'm already impressed with you and you've only been an admin for like 2 hours!, Changing to support was definetely the best thing I could've ever done and I'm pleased I did! :), ::::::Happy deleting, keeping, nuking and blocking!, Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 23:30, 19 June 2025 (UTC) *Thanks to all who supported me. I will do my best to not [[:m:Special:Diff/13832334|propose a project's main page for deletion]] again. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 07:26, 20 June 2025 (UTC) *: You could always [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&logid=331077| be worse.] Welcome back.[[User:Gordonrox24|<span style="font-family:Script MT;color:#36B">Gordonrox24</span>]]&nbsp;&#124;&nbsp;[[User_talk:Gordonrox24|^{<span style="font-family:Arial;color:red">''Talk''</span>}]] <small class="autosigned">—Comment [[Wikipedia:Signatures|without a date]] added on 06:27, 30 June 2025 (UTC)</small> *:Late congratulations and thanks for all the work you've done so far! :) --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:40, 2 July 2025 (UTC) == Chromebook challenge == Hi. I'm sorry but I have undeleted [[Chromebook challenge]] as I disagree with your closure of the RfD. I already turned down the request to G4 as I stated on the talk page (which you didn't delete) that it was substantially different to the original page so that G4 was invalid. That's why the 2nd RfD was happening. Hope you understand, regards '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:44, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :Hey Fr33kman. I'm sorry. I had that on my to-do list for a few days. I must've missed something. I now reverted the closure. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 07:19, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::That's cool, cheers '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 12:42, 20 June 2025 (UTC) == Arigo Technologies == Would you consider reopening and extending the RFD of [[Arigo Technologies]]? The sole comment was from the creator of the article so some other views would be appreciated. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 20:09, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :Good catch. Thanks for the report! -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 20:14, 20 June 2025 (UTC) == Thank you... == For your closing message on that deletion discussion. Happy Pride Month to you too. [[User:Hex|Hex]] ([[User talk:Hex|talk]]) 12:16, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :You're welcome. I thought about including a rainbow flag as well, but decided to be at least a little nice. ;-) -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 12:22, 30 June 2025 (UTC) == User:Barras/Stats == Hi Barras, I was looking at your suppage User:Barras/Stats and saw that the link to your newest RFA on Simple Wikipedia needs updating. It links to your first RFA on Simple Wikipedia at the moment. [[User:Nyctous|Nyctous]] ([[User talk:Nyctous|talk]]) 16:54, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :Thanks for the hint. Fixed. [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 19:22, 2 July 2025 (UTC) l06ukq8ojdn1nmrjd4drh2vvp7wclyi 0 1191835 10368681 10355034 2025-07-03T01:59:56Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 Typo: duplication 10368681 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use British English|date=May 2022}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}} {{Infobox country | native_name = {{native name|cy|Teyrnas Gwynedd}} | conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Gwynedd | common_name = Gwynedd | era = [[Middle Ages]] | government_type = [[Monarchy]] | event_start = [[Sub-Roman Britain]] | year_start = 401 | event_end = Declaration of the Principality of Wales | year_end = 1283 | date_end = 3 October | p1 = Sub-Roman Britain | flag_p1 = Vexilloid of the Roman Empire.svg | border_p1 = no | s1 = Principality of Wales | flag_s1 = Banner of Llywelyn (Square).svg | image_flag = Flag of Gwynedd (3-2).svg | flag_type = Flag of Gwynedd ([[House of Aberffraw|Aberffraw]]) | flag_border = no | flag_size = 130px | image_coat = Arms of Llywelyn.svg | symbol = Coat of arms of the Prince of Wales | symbol_type = | coa_size = 75px | image_map = Wales.medieval.jpg | image_map_caption = Medieval kingdoms of Wales | image_map_size = 220px | capital = {{ubli|[[Chester]] (?)|[[Deganwy]] (6th century)<ref name=deganwy>{{cite web| url=http://www.castlesfortsbattles.co.uk/north_wales/deganwy_castle.html| website=castlesfortsbattles.co.uk| title=Deganwy castle| access-date=14 December 2021| archive-date=16 May 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516105654/http://www.castlesfortsbattles.co.uk/north_wales/deganwy_castle.html| url-status=dead}}</ref>|[[Llanfaes]] (9th century){{sfn|Lloyd|2004|p=232}}|[[Aberffraw]](9–13th century){{sfn|Llwyd|1832|pages=112–113}}|[[Rhuddlan]] (11th century){{sfn|Lloyd|2004}}|[[Abergwyngregyn]] (12–13th century)<ref name=woodbury>{{cite web| url=https://www.sarahwoodbury.com/better-know-a-castle-aber-garth-celyn/| website=sarahwoodbury.co.uk| title=Aber Castle (Garth Celyn)| date=26 July 2017| access-date=14 December 2021| archive-date=14 December 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214195820/https://www.sarahwoodbury.com/better-know-a-castle-aber-garth-celyn/| url-status=live}}</ref>}} | common_languages = {{ubli|[[Welsh language|Welsh]], [[Latin]]<ref name=Bell/>{{efn|[[Old&nbsp;Welsh]] (until 12th&nbsp;century)|[[Middle Welsh]] (12th–14th&nbsp;century)}}{{efn|[[British Latin]] was used until the 8th century. [[Medieval Latin]] was used afterward.}}}} | leader1 = [[Cunedda]] | year_leader1 = 401–440 | leader2 = [[Maelgwn Gwynedd]] | year_leader2 = 520–547 | leader3 = [[Cadwallon ap Cadfan]] | year_leader3 = 625–634 |leader4= [[Rhodri Mawr]] |year_leader4=844{{snd}}878 | leader5 = [[Gruffudd ap Cynan]] | year_leader5 = 1081–1137 | leader6= [[Owain Gwynedd]] | year_leader6 = 1137–1170 | leader7 = [[Llywelyn the Great]] | year_leader7 = 1195–1240 | leader8 = [[Llywelyn ap Gruffudd|Llywelyn II]] | year_leader8 = 1253–1282 | leader9 = [[Dafydd ap Gruffydd|Dafydd III]] | year_leader9 = 1282–1283 |stat_pop1=200,000{{sfn|Davies|1994|page=151}} |stat_year1={{circa|1271}} | religion = [[Celtic Christianity]]<ref>{{cite web| url=https://orthochristian.com/112514.html| website=orthochristian.com| title=The Church in seventh century Celtic Britain| author=Archpriest Vladislav Tsypin| access-date=14 December 2021| archive-date=20 October 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020005614/https://orthochristian.com/112514.html| url-status=live}}</ref> | currency = {{ubli|{{lang|cy|[[ceiniog]] cyfreith}} | {{lang|cy|ceiniog cwta}}<ref name=wade/>{{Failed verification|date=April 2023|reason=No mention in that source on that page.}}}} | national_anthem = {{lang|cy|[[Unbennaeth Prydain]]}}<br/>''The Monarchy of Britain''<ref name=wade>[[Arthur Wade-Evans|Wade-Evans, Arthur]]. ''[[s:Page:Welsh Medieval Law.djvu/451|Welsh Medieval Law]]''. Oxford University, 1909. Retrieved 1 February 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Bradley|first= A.G.| url=https://archive.org/stream/owenglyndwrlasts00bradrich#page/24/mode/2up|title= Owen Glyndwr and the Last Struggle for Welsh Independence|publisher= [[G. P. Putnam's Sons]]|location= New York city |orig-date=1901|date= 1 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jenkins|first= John|website=archive.org|url=https://archive.org/details/thepoetryofwales18523gut|title= Poetry of Wales|publisher=Houlston & Sons|location=London|orig-date= 1873|date= 1 February 2013}}</ref> | today = {{tree list}} * [[United Kingdom]] ** [[Wales]] {{tree list/end}} | footnotes = {{Note|1}} In Latin, Gwynedd was often referred to in official medieval charters and acts of the 13th century as ''Principatus Norwallia'' (Principality of North Wales). }} The '''Kingdom of Gwynedd''' ([[Medieval Latin]]: {{Lang|la|Venedotia / Norwallia / Guenedota}}; [[Middle Welsh]]: {{lang|cy|Guynet}}){{Ref|1}}<ref>{{cite web|last=Lewis|first= Timothy|url=https://archive.org/stream/glossaryofmediae00lewi#page/182/mode/2up|title= A glossary of mediaeval Welsh law, based upon the Black book of Chirk|publisher=[[Manchester University Press]]|year= 1913}}</ref> was a [[Wales in the Early Middle Ages|Welsh kingdom]]. The kingdom was founded [[Succession of states|after]] the [[Roman Empire]] fell. It was founded in [[sub-Roman Britain]] in the 5th century during the [[Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain]].<ref name="Wales_online">{{cite web| url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/the-lost-kingdoms-of-wales-13721585| website=walesonline.co.uk| title=The lost kingdoms of Wales| date=5 October 2017| access-date=11 December 2021| archive-date=11 December 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211224108/https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/the-lost-kingdoms-of-wales-13721585| url-status=live}}</ref> The Kingdom of Gwynedd was in northwest [[Wales]]. The [[list of rulers of Gwynedd|rulers of Gwynedd]] were very important. They were called the "[[King of the Britons]]" many times. However, they would often lose power in different civil wars or invasions.{{sfn|Maund |2006}} ==Related pages== * [[List of rulers of Gwynedd]] * [[Gwynedd]] == References == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name=Bell>{{harvnb|Bell|1955}}</ref> }} === Explanatory notes === {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} == General sources == ===Books=== ====Primary sources==== *{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/ageofowaingwyned00barbuoft| title=The age of Owain Gwynedd|year=1908| location=[[Newport, Wales|Newport]] |publisher=London D. Nutt | first=Paul| last= Barbier}} *{{cite book |author-last = Barlow |author-first = Frank |title = William Rufus |author-link = Frank Barlow (historian) |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |year=2000 |isbn = 0-300-08291-6}} *{{cite book |last = Bartlett |first = Robert |title = England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings: 1075–1225|publisher =[[Oxford University Press#Clarendon Press| Clarendon Press]] |location = [[Oxford]] |year = 2000 |isbn = 0-19-822741-8 |url = https://archive.org/details/englandundernorm00bart_0 }} *{{cite book|first=John|last=Davies|title=A History of Wales|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofwales0000davi_g1b0|publisher= [[Penguin Group]]|year=1994|isbn=0140284753}} *{{cite book |last=Lloyd|first= J. E. |title = A History of Wales; From the Norman Invasion to the Edwardian Conquest |author-link=John Edward Lloyd |publisher= Barnes & Noble Publishing, Inc. |location=[[New York City]] |year=2004 |orig-year=1911 |isbn=0-7607-5241-9}} *{{cite book|first=Angharad| last=Llwyd|year=1832|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vHA_AQAAMAAJ |title=A history of the island of Anglesey}} *{{cite book|title=The Heart of Northern Wales|volume=1| first=Walter Bezant| last=Lowe| year=1912}} – {{google book|title=The Heart of Northern Wales|id=93I_AQAAMAAJ}} *{{cite book|title=Gwynedd (A Guide to Ancient and Historic Wales) |url=https://archive.org/details/gwynedd0000lync |last=Lynch |first=Frances M. B. |year=1995 |publisher=[[The Stationery Office]] |isbn=978-0-11-701574-6}} *{{cite book|title=The Welsh Kings: Warriors, Warlords, and Princes|url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/4502235|last=Maund |first=Kari L. |year=2006 |edition=3 |publisher=[[Tempus Publishing]] |isbn=978-0-7524-2973-1}} *{{cite book|title=The Welsh Wars of Independence |last=Moore |first=David |year=2005 |publisher=Tempus Publishing |isbn=978-0-7524-3321-9}} *{{cite web|author-link1=Thomas Parry (author)|last1=Parry|first1= Thomas|year=1955|title=A History of Welsh Literature|first2=H. Idris|last2= Bell|author-link2=Idris Bell| website=archive.org| publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofwelshli0000parr|ref={{harvid|Bell|1955}}}} *{{cite book |title=Twenty-One Welsh Princes|url=https://archive.org/details/twentyonewelshpr0000roge|editor-first=Roger|editor-last=Turvey|isbn=9781845272692|year=2010|publisher=[[Gwasg Carreg Gwalch]] }} *{{cite book|last=Walker|first=David|title=Medieval Wales|date=1990|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=[[Cambridge]]|isbn=9780521311533|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lrKKiREQ_kYC}} *{{cite book |last = Warner |first = Philip |title = Famous Welsh Battles |url = https://archive.org/details/famouswelshbattl0000warn |publisher=[[Barnes & Noble]] |location=New York City|year=1997 |isbn=0-7607-0466-X }} *{{cite book|last=Williams|first=W. Llewelyn|title=Giraldus Cambrensis, The Itinerary Through Wales and the Description of Wales|url=https://archive.org/details/itinerarythrough00giraiala|year=1908}} ====Secondary sources==== *{{cite book| url=https://archive.org/details/statuteswales01bowegoog| title=Statutes of Wales | first=Ivor|last= Bown| author-link=Ivor Bowen| publisher=[[T. Fisher Unwin]]| location=[[London]]| year=1908}} *{{cite book |last =Davies|first = John |title = The Celts |url =https://archive.org/details/celts0000davi|author-link = John Davies (historian) |publisher=[[Cassell (publisher)|Cassell Illustrated]] |location=New York City|year=2002|isbn = 1-84188-188-0 }} *{{cite book|title=Conquest, Coexistence, and Change: Wales 1063–1415 |last=Davies |first=Rees R. |author-link=Rees Davies |year=1987 |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-821732-9}} *{{cite book |last = Evans |first = Gwynfor |trans-title=Welsh are still here|title = Cymru O Hud |author-link = Gwynfor Evans |publisher= [[Y Lolfa]] |location=[[Abergwyngregyn]] |year=2004 |isbn=0-86243-545-5 }} *{{cite book|first=Simon|last= Evans|title=A Mediaeval Prince of Wales: the Life of Gruffudd Ap Cynan|publisher=Llanerch Enterprises|year=1990|isbn=0-947992-58-8}} *{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/b29339364 |title=The works of Gildas and Nennius |year=1841 |first=John Allen |last=Giles |author-link=John Allen Giles |location=London |publisher=James Bohn}} *{{cite book |last=Hudson |first=Benjamin T.|author-link=Benjamin Hudson|title=Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic|edition=Illustrated|year=2005|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|location=[[United States]]|isbn=0195162374|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fH0mL0m95fsC}} *{{cite book| url=https://archive.org/details/statuteswales01bowegoog|title=The Myvyrian Archaiology of Wales: collected out of ancient manuscripts| publisher=Thomas Gee| location=[[Denbigh]]| year=1801|editor-first=John|editor-last=Evans|editor-link=John Gwenogvryn Evans|first1=Owen|last1=Jones| first2=Edward| last2=Williams| first3=William Owen| last3=Pughe|quote=[[The Myvyrian Archaiology]]}} *{{cite book |last = Koch |first = John |title = Celtic Culture: a historical encyclopedia |location=[[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]] |publisher=[[ABC-Clio]] |year=2005}} *{{cite book|last=Llwyd|first=Humphrey|author-link=Humphrey Llwyd|title=Cronica Walliae|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I2FnAAAAMAAJ|year=2002|publisher=[[University of Wales Press]]|isbn=978-0-7083-1638-2}} *{{cite book|first= K. L.|last= Maund|title=Gruffudd ap Cynan: a collaborative biography|url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/3443258 |publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer]]|year=1996|isbn=0-85115-389-5}} *{{cite book |last = Morris |first = John E. |title = The Welsh Wars of Edward I |url = https://archive.org/details/welshwarsofedwar0000morr |publisher=Combined Books |location=[[Conshohocken, Pennsylvania]] |year=1996 |isbn=0-938289-67-5 }} *{{cite book| title=The Brothers of Gwynedd| url=https://archive.org/details/brothersofgwyned00parg| first=Edith| last=Pargeter| year=1989| author-link = Edith Pargeter| isbn=9780747232674| publisher=[[Headline Publishing Group]]}} *{{cite book| title=The Welsh Trilogy |first=Sharon Kay| last=Penman| author-link = Sharon Kay Penman| url=https://sharonkaypenman.com/books-by-sharon-kay-penman/welsh-trilogy-books/| publisher=[[Ballantine Books]]}} *{{cite book| url=https://www.library.wales/discover/digital-gallery/pictures/a-tour-in-wales/| first=Thomas| last=Pennant| title=A Tour of Wales| volume=1–8}} *{{cite book |title=The Acts of Welsh Rulers 1120–1283 |last1=Pryce |first1=Huw |last2=Insley |first2=Charles|year=2005 |publisher=University of Wales Press |isbn=0708318975 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YnNnAAAAMAAJ}} *{{cite book |last1=Siddons|first1=Michael Powell |title=The Development of Welsh Heraldry, Vol. I |date=1991 |publisher=National Library of Wales |isbn=0907158-51X}} *{{cite book |last1=Siddons |first1=Michael Powell |title=The Development of Welsh Heraldry, Vol. II |date=1993 |publisher=National Library of Wales |isbn=0907158-51X}} *{{cite book |last=Smith |first=Beverley J. |title = Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales |year=2001 |publisher=University of Wales Press |isbn=978-0-7083-1474-6}} *{{cite book|title=The Governance of Gwynedd|url=https://openlibrary.org/books/OL22379507M/The_governance_of_Gwynedd|last=Stephenson |first=David |year=1984 |publisher=[[University of Wales Press]] |isbn=978-0-7083-0850-9|ol=22379507M}} *{{ cite book| chapter=Conflict or Coexistence: Marchia Wallie and Pura Wallia|chapter-url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/mono/10.4324/9781315840802-3/conflict-coexistence-marchia-wallie-pura-wallia-roger-turveywebsite| author=Roger Turvey| title=The Welsh Princes|year=2002| pages=39–64| isbn=9781315840802| publisher=[[Routledge]]| doi=10.4324/9781315840802-3}} *{{cite book|quote=[[Caradoc of Llancarfan]] |last=Williams |first=John |editor-link=John Williams (Ab Ithel) |title=Brut y Tywysogion; or, The Chronicle of the Princes |edition=reprint|year=1860 |location=London |publisher=Longman Green |url=https://archive.org/details/brutytywysogiono00cara/page/n9/mode/2up }} ===Dictionary of Welsh biography sources=== {{refbegin}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-CUNE-WLE-0380 | title= Cunedda Wledig, flourished 450, British prince| first=John Edward | author-link=John Edward Lloyd|last=Lloyd | year= 1959|ref={{harvid|Lloyd1|1959}}}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-MAEL-GWY-0547 | title=Maelgwn Gwynedd,(died c. 547) king of Gwynedd and monk | first=William Hopkin | last=Davies | year= 1959|ref={{harvid|Davies1|1959}}}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-RHUN-APM-0550 |title=Rhun Ap Maelgwn Gwynedd, (fl. 550), ruler of north-west Wales |first=William Hopkin |last=Davies| year=1959|ref={{harvid|Davies2|1959}}}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-CADF-API-0569 | title=Cadfan (fl. 620), prince | first=John Edward | last=Lloyd |author-link=John Edward Lloyd| year= 1959|ref={{harvid|Lloyd2|1959}}}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-CADW-APC-0591 |title=Cadwallon (died 633), prince|first=John Edward |author-link=John Edward Lloyd|last=Lloyd |year=1959|ref={{harvid|Lloyd3|1959}}}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-CADW-APC-0615? |title=Cadwaladr (died 664), prince |first=John Edward |author-link=John Edward Lloyd|last=Lloyd |year=1959|ref={{harvid|Lloyd4|1959}}}} *{{cite DWB|id=s-RHOD-MOL-0690|title=Rhodri Molwynog (died 754), king of Gwynedd}} *{{Cite DWB|id=s-CYNA-DIN-0740| title=Cynan Dindaethwy (died 816) Prince}} *{{cite DWB|id=s-HYWE-RHO-0825| title=Hywel ap Rhodri Molwynog (died 825), king of Gwynedd}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-MERF-FRY-0844 |title=Merfyn Frych (died 844), king of Gwynedd |first=Thomas Jones | last=Pierce |year=1959|ref={{harvid|Pierce1|1959}} }} *{{cite DWB| id=s-RHOD-MAW-0877 | title=Rhodri Mawr ('the Great') (died 877), king of Gwynedd, Powys, and Deheubarth| first=Thomas Jones | last=Pierce| year= 1959|ref={{harvid|Pierce2|1959}}}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-ANAR-APR-0857 |title=Anarawd ap Rhodri (died 916), prince |first=John Edward | last=Lloyd |year= 1959}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-IDWA-FOE-0942 | title=Idwal Foel ('the Bald '; died 942), king of Gwynedd |first=Thomas Jones | last=Pierce | year= 1959|ref={{harvid|Pierce3|1959}}}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-IAGO-API-0942 | title=Iago Ab Idwal Foel (fl. 942–979), king of Gwynedd| first=Thomas Jones | last=Pierce | year= 1959}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-HYWE-DDA-0950 |title=Hywel Dda (Hywel the Good) (died 950), king and legislator |first=Stephan Joseph| last=Williams |year= 1959}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-HYWE-API-0985 | title=Hywel ap Ieuaf (died 985), king of Gwynedd |first=Thomas Jones | last=Pierce | year= 1959}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-IEUA-API-098 | title=Ieuaf (or Idwal) ab Idwal Foel (died 985), joint king of Gwynedd |first=Thomas Jones | last=Pierce| year= 1959}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-MEUR-ABI-0986 | title= Meurif Ab Idwal Foel (died 986), nobleman of Gwynedd| first=Thomas Jones | last=Pierce | year= 1959}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-IDWA-APM-0996 | title=Idwal Ap Meurig (died 996), prince of Gwynedd | first=Thomas Jones | last=Pierce | year= 1959|ref={{harvid|Pierce4|1959}}}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-MARE-ABO-0999| title=Maerdudd ab Owain ap Hywel Dda (died 999)}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-LLYW-APS-1023 |title=Llywelyn Ap Seisyll (died 1023), king of Deheubarth and Gwynedd |first=Thomas Jones |last=Pierce| year=1959}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-IAGO-ABI-1039 |title=Iago ab Idwal Foel (died 1039), king of Gwynedd |first=Thomas Jones |last=Pierce| year=1959}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-GRUF-APC-1055 | title=Gruffudd ap Cynan (c. 1055 – 1137), king of Gwynedd | first=Thomas | last=Parry | year= 1959}} *{{cite DWB| id=s12-GRUF-APL-1063 |title=Gruffudd ap Llywelyn (died 1064), king of Gwynedd 1039–1064 and overlord of all the Welsh 1055–1064 |first=Benjamin |last=Hudson |year=1959}} *{{cite DWB|id=s-BLED-APC-1025|title= Bleddyn ap Cynfyn (died 1075) Prince}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-TRAH-APC-1081 | title=Trahaern Ap Caradog (died 1081), king of Gwynedd |first=Thomas Jones | last=Pierce| year= 1959|ref={{harvid|Pierce7|1959}}}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-IORW-DRW-1174| title=Iorwerth Drwyndwn (The Flat-nosed) (died probably c. 1174), prince of Gwynedd| first=Thomas Jones | last=Pierce| year= 1959|ref={{harvid|Pierce10|year=1959}}}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-OWAI-GWY-1100 | title=Owain Gwynedd (c. 1100 – 1170), king of Gwynedd| first=Thomas Jones | last=Pierce |year= 1959 |ref={{harvid|Pierce5|1959}}}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-HYWE-ABO-1170 | title=Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd (died 1170), soldier and poet |first=Arthur James | last=Roderick |year= 1959|ref={{harvid|Roderick|year=1959}}}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-CADW-APG-1096 | title=Cadwaladr(died 1172), prince |first=John Edward |author-link=John Edward Lloyd|last=Lloyd |year=1959}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-MAEL-ABO-1173 | title=Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd (died after 1173), prince of Anglesey| first=Thomas Jones| last=Pierce| year=1959|ref={{harvid|Pierce6|year=1959}}}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-CYNA-ABO-1174 | title=Cynan ab Owain (died 1174), prince| first= John Edward|last= Lloyd| year=1959|ref={{harvid|Lloyd6|year=1959}}}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-RHOD-ABO-1195 | title= Rhodri ab Owain (died 1195), a prince of Gwynedd| first=Thomas Jones | last=Pierce | year=1959|ref={{harvid|Pierce8|year=1959}}}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-DAFY-ABO-1203 | title=Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd (David I, died 1203), king of Gwynedd | first=John Edward |author-link=John Edward Lloyd| last=Lloyd | year= 1959|ref={{harvid|Lloyd5|year=1959}}}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-LLYW-API-1173 |title=Llywelyn ap Iorwerth ('Llywelyn the Great', often styled 'Llywelyn I', prince of Gwynedd) |first=Thomas Jones |last=Pierce| year=1959|ref={{harvid|Pierce9|year=1959}}}} *{{cite DWB| id=s12-GRUF-APL-1063 | title=Gruffudd ap Llywelyn (died 1064), king of Gwynedd 1039–1064 and overlord of all the Welsh 1055–1064| first=Thomas Jones| last= Pierce| year=1959|ref={{harvid|Pierce11|1959}} }} *{{cite DWB| id=s-GRUF-APL-1244| title=Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (died 1244), prince|first=Thomas Jones| last=Pierce|year=1959}} *{{cite DWB|id=s-MARE-APC-1212|title=Maredudd ap Cynan ab Owain Gwynedd (died 1212), lord of Eifionydd, part of Ardudwy, and Merioneth and co-founder of the Cistercian house of Cymmer|author=Thomas Jones Pierce|year=1959}} *{{cite DWB|id=s-LLYW-FAW-1200| title=Llywelyn Fawr and Llywelyn Fychan (fl. early 13th century). lords of Merioneth|first=Thomas Jones| last=Pierce|year=1959}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-DAFY-APL-1246 |title=Dafydd ap Llywelyn (David II, died 1246), Prince |first=John Edward |author-link=John Edward Lloyd|last=Lloyd |year=1959|ref={{harvid|Lloyd7|1959}}}} *{{cite DWB|id=s-OWAI-APG-1260| title=Owain ap Gruffydd, or Owain Goch, (fl. 1260), a prince of Gwynedd|first=Thomas Jones| last=Pierce|year=1959 |ref={{harvid|Pierce13|1959}}}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-LLYW-APG-1200 |title=Llywelyn ap Gruffydd ('Llywelyn the Last,' or Llywelyn II), Prince of Wales (died 1282) |first=Thomas Jones |last=Pierce |year=1959|ref={{harvid|Pierce12|1959}}}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-DAFY-APG-1283 |title=Dafydd ap Gruffydd (David III, died 1283), prince of Gwynedd |first= Thomas Jones|last=Pierce |year=1959| ref={{harvid|Pierce14|1959}}}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-RHOD-APG-1315| title=Rhodri ap Gruffydd (died c. 1315), prince of Gwynedd|first=Thomas Jones| last=Pierce|year=1959}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-MADO-APL-1294 |title=Madog ap Llywelyn, rebel of 1294 |first=Thomas Jones |last=Pierce| year=1959|ref={{harvid|Pierce15|1959}}}} *{{cite DWB|id=s-OWAI-APT-1378| title=Owain ap Thomas ap Rhodri (' Owain Lawgoch '; died 1378), a soldier of fortune and pretender to the principality of Wales|first=Thomas Jones| last=Pierce|year=1959|ref={{harvid|Pierce16|1959}}}} *{{cite DWB| id=s-OWAI-GLY-1354 |title=Owain Glyndŵr (c. 1354 – 1416), 'Prince of Wales' |first=Thomas Jones |last=Pierce | year=1959|ref={{harvid|Pierce17|1959}}}} ===Wiki source – Dictionary of National Biography and Encyclopædia=== {{Wikisource|Six Old English Chronicles}} {{Wikisource|The Mabinogion}} {{Wikisource|The Laws of Howel the Good}} {{Wikisource|The Annals of Wales}} {{Wikisource|A Short History of Wales}} *{{cite DNB |last=Kingsford |first=Charles Lethbridge |wstitle=Nennius |volume=40 |pages=217-221}} *{{cite DNB |last=Lloyd |first=John Edward |wstitle=Rhys ap Gruffydd|volume=48| page=89 |ref={{harvid|Lloyd|1896b}} }} *{{cite DNB |last=Tout |first=Thomas Frederick |wstitle=Gruffydd ab Llewelyn (d.1063) |volume=23 |page=305-307 |ref={{harvid|Tout|1890a}} }} *{{cite DNB |last=Tout |first=Thomas Frederick |wstitle=Gruffydd ab Cynan |volume=23 |pages=301-304 |ref={{harvid|Leslie|1890}}}} *{{cite DNB |last=Tout |first=Thomas Frederick |wstitle=Gruffydd ab Llywelyn (d.1244) |volume=23 |pages=307-308 |ref={{harvid|Lee7|1890}}}} *{{cite DNB |last=Tout |first=Thomas Frederick |wstitle=Glendower, Owen |volume=21|pages=427-434}} *{{cite DNB |last=Tout |first=Thomas Frederick |wstitle=Howel Vychan |volume=28 |page=105}} *{{cite DNB |last=Tout |first=Thomas Frederick |wstitle=Howel Dda |volume=28 |pages=105-107 |ref={{harvid|Lee2|1891}}}} *{{cite DNB |last=Tout |first=Thomas Frederick |wstitle=Idwal Voel |volume=28 |page=412 |ref={{harvid|Lee3|1891}}}} *{{cite DNB |last=Thomas |first=Daniel Lleufer |wstitle=Iago ab Idwal Voel |volume=28 |pages=407-408}} *{{cite DNB |last=Tout |first=Thomas Frederick |wstitle=Howel ab Ieuav |volume=28 |page=107}} *{{cite DNB |last=Thomas |first=Daniel Lleufer |wstitle=Idwal ab Meirig |volume=28 |page=412}} *{{cite DNB |last=Thomas |first=Daniel Lleufer |wstitle=Iago ab Idwal ab Meirig |volume=28 |page=408 |ref={{harvid|Lee4|1891}}}} *{{cite DNB |last=Lloyd |first=John Edward |wstitle=Maelgwn Gwynedd |volume=35 |pages=305-306 |ref={{harvid|Lloyd|1893a}} }} *{{cite DNB |last=Lloyd |first=John Edward |wstitle=Maredudd ab Owain |volume=36 |page=130}} *{{cite DNB |last=Tout |first=Thomas Frederick |wstitle=Llywelyn ab Gruffydd |volume=34 |pages=13-21}} *{{cite DNB |last=Lloyd |first=John Edward |wstitle=Merfyn Frych |volume=37 |page=277 |ref={{harvid|Lee0|1894}}}} *{{cite DNB |last=Miller |first=Arthur |wstitle=Anarawd |volume=1 |page=370}} *{{cite DNB |last=Stephens |first=William Richard Wood |wstitle=Cædwalla (d.634) |volume=8 |page=201 |ref={{harvid|Leslie0|1886}}}} *{{cite DNB |last=Tout |first=Thomas Frederick |wstitle=Cadvan (d.617? or 634?) |volume=8 |page=190 |ref={{harvid|Tout|1901}}}} *{{cite DNB |last=Tout |first=Thomas Frederick |wstitle=Cadwaladr (d.1172) |volume=8 |pages=190-191}} *{{cite DNB |last=Tout |first=Thomas Frederick |wstitle=Davydd I |volume=14 |pages=199-200 |ref={{harvid|Leslie1|year=1888}}}} *{{cite DNB |last=Tout |first=Thomas Frederick |wstitle=Davydd III |volume=14 |pages=202-205 |ref={{harvid|Leslie2|1888}}}} *{{cite DNB |last=Tout |first=Thomas Frederick |wstitle=Llywelyn ab Iorwerth |volume=34 |pages=7-13 |ref={{harvid|Lee6|year=1893}}}} *{{cite DNB |last=Tout |first=Thomas Frederick |wstitle=Llywelyn ab Seisyll |volume=34 |pages=6-7}} *{{cite DNB |last=Tout |first=Thomas Frederick |wstitle=Owain Gwynedd |volume=41 |pages=391-395 |ref={{harvid|Lee5|1895}}}} *{{cite DNB |last=Lloyd |first=John Edward |wstitle=Rhun ap Maelgwn |volume=48 |page=86}} *{{cite DNB |last=Lloyd |first=John Edward |wstitle=Rhodri Mawr |volume=48 |page=85 |ref={{harvid|Lee1|1896}}}} *{{cite DNB |last=Lloyd |first=John Edward |wstitle=Rhodri ab Owain |volume=48 |pages=85-86}} *{{cite DNB |last=Lloyd |first=John Edward |wstitle=Trahaearn ap Caradog |volume=57 |page=147}} *{{cite DNB|wstitle=Davydd II|author-first=Thomas Frederick |author-last =Tout|author-link =Thomas Frederick Tout|ref={{harvid|Tout|1885-1900}}}} *{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=David (Welsh princes) |volume=7 |page=860 |ref={{harvid|Chisholm0|1911}}}} *{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Llewelyn |volume=16 |page=831 |ref={{harvid|Chisholm1|year=1911}}}} {{refend}} ==Other websites== *{{cite book| url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/brut-y-tywysogion/826C6C8FCE5254AD7054D6E65388164A| title=Brut Y Tywysogion| series=Cambridge Library Collection - Rolls| year=2012| publisher=Cambridge University Press| doi=10.1017/CBO9781139163484| isbn=9781108043021| editor-last1=Williams Ab Ithel| editor-first1=John}} *{{cite web| url=https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/files/18962391/2017_Early_Medieval_Wales.pdf| website=research.bangor.ac.uk| title=Early Medieval Wales: material evidence and identity| author=Nancy Edwards}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gwynedd, Kingdom of}} [[Category:Gwynedd]] [[Category:History of Wales]] [[Category:6th century in Europe]] [[Category:7th century in Europe]] [[Category:9th century in Europe]] [[Category:10th century in Europe]] [[Category:11th century in Europe]] [[Category:12th century in Europe]] [[Category:13th century in Europe]] [[Category:1210s disestablishments]] [[Category:5th-century establishments in Europe]] tgvik0c7svdozyc47dqdzhfv3c2nf9h 0 1191886 10368866 10360243 2025-07-03T03:30:36Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television channel | name = PRO TV | logo = PRO TV Logo (2017-present).svg | logo_caption = PRO TV logo since 2017 | launch_date = {{Start date and age|1995|12|1|df=y}} | closed_date = | language = Romanian | picture_format = {{ubl|[[1080i]] [[HDTV]]|(downscaled to [[16:9]] [[576i]] for the [[SDTV]] feed)}} | network = | owner = PRO TV SRL through [[Central European Media Enterprises]] (CME) owned by [[PPF Group]] | country = {{ubl|[[Romania]]|[[Republic of Moldova|Moldova]]}} | headquarters = [[Bucharest]], Romania | former_names = | replaced = Canal 31 (1993–1995) | sister_channels = [[Acasă|Acasă TV]]<br>[[Pro Arena]]<br>[[Pro Cinema]]<br>[[Acasă Gold]]<br>[[Pro TV Internațional]] | timeshift_service = | website = {{url|protv.ro/}} }} '''PRO TV''' ({{IPA|ro|pro teˈve}}, often stylized as PRO•TV since 2017) is a [[Romania]]n [[free-to-air]] [[television network]], launched on 1 December 1995 as the fourth private TV channel in the country (after TV SOTI, [[Antena 1 (Romania)|Antena 1]], and the now-defunct, but online [[Tele7ABC]]). It is owned by [[Central European Media Enterprises|CME]] (Central European Media Enterprises), which is owned by [[PPF (company)|PPF Group]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Grupul de investiții PPF din Cehia a finalizat cu succes achiziția CME|url=https://stirileprotv.ro/stiri/actualitate/cme-are-un-nou-actionar-unic-grupul-de-investitii-ppf-din-cehia.html|access-date=13 October 2020}}</ref> Since 3 September 1999, the company has also been broadcasting its own signal for the [[Moldova|Republic of Moldova]], under the [[ProTV Chișinău|Pro TV Chișinău]] brand. It broadcasts, in addition to Pro TV Bucharest programs (according to its own grid, different from the Romanian one), a series of local news and programs and its own advertising slots throughout the day. Targeting urban adults aged 21 to 54, Pro TV uses a programming strategy of top international series and movies, as well as a wide variety of local productions including news programming, local entertainment and local fiction. On 29 August 2014, '''Pro TV''' launched its own streaming service, called Pro TV Plus, dedicated to original series.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 August 2014 |title=Pro TV lansează Pro TV Plus |url=https://m.stirileprotv.ro/lbin/mobile/index.php?article_id=3644016 |access-date=26 March 2019 |publisher=Pro TV}}</ref> Later, in 2021, it was replaced by Voyo^{([[:ro:VOYO|Romanian]])}, which has the same series and original shows of the Pro channels, plus some other exclusives and original content. Since 2014, the [[Station identification|idents]] for commercials and promos have become more different from those of other stations, focusing on the stars appearing in the station's shows. During the summer, idents are used that present activities that are practiced in the summer, while in the winter, idents are used that present things and activities related to the winter holidays, but also things related to winter. == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://www.protv.ro/ Pro TV] * [https://stirileprotv.ro/ Știrile Pro TV] * {{instagram|protv_romania}} [[Category:Television channels in Romania]] sygl66fyuaiw6ivcpotjqb7lzzcmqd9 0 1192219 10368927 10324050 2025-07-03T04:05:12Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uncategorized|date=July 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Vijay Kanakamedala | image = | birth_name = Vijay Kanakamedala | birth_date = | birth_place = [[Andhra Pradesh]], India | alma_mater = | occupation = [[Film director]], [[screenwriter]] | years_active = 2021{{ndash}}present | nationality = [[Indian]] | known_for = }} '''Vijay Kanakamedala''' is an Indian [[film director]] and [[screenwriter]] who works in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu films]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/did-bhairavam-director-vijay-kanakamedala-troll-chiranjeevi-ram-charan-he-claims-he-was-hacked-101747979021077.html |title=Did-bhairavam-director-vijay-kanakamedala-troll-chiranjeevi-ram-charan-he-claims-he-was-hacked|website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/director-vijay-kanakamedala-spills-the-beans-on-bhairavam-971951|title=Director Vijay Kanakamedala spills the beans on ‘Bhairavam’|first=Suhas|last=Sistu|date=May 17, 2025|website=www.thehansindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sakshipost.com/news/we-worked-through-night-14-days-says-bhairavam-director-vijay-kanakamedala-409191|title=We worked through the night on 14 days, says Bhairavam director Vijay Kanakamedala|date=May 18, 2025|website=Sakshi Post}}</ref> He best known for his films ''Naandhi'' and ''Ugram''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/boycottbhairavam-trends-in-tollywood-director-issues-apology-amid-backlash-1880805|title=#BoycottBhairavam Trends in Tollywood, Director Issues Apology Amid Backlash|first=B. V. S.|last=Prakash|date=May 23, 2025|website=www.deccanchronicle.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vijay-kanakamedala-discusses-his-debut-directorial-film-naandhi/article33860049.ece|title=Vijay Kanakamedala’s directorial debut ‘Naandhi’, starring Allari Naresh and Varalaxmi Sarathkumar, is more than a courtroom drama|first=Sangeetha Devi|last=Dundoo|date=February 17, 2021|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> ==Career== Vijay hailing from [[Bhadrachalam]], completed his B.Sc. in [[Computer Science]]. He then pursued film studies at a Film Institute Hyderabad and worked as an assistant to the director [[K. Balachander]]. Later he worked as a assistant director for [[Harish Shankar]] in the films ''Mirapakay'', ''Gabbar Singh'' and ''DJ: Duvvada Jagannadham''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/interviews/2023/May/02/vijay-kanakamedalamy-films-are-very-close-to-reality-42951.html|title=Vijay Kanakamedala: My films are very close to reality|first=Abhilasha|last=Cherukuri|date=May 2, 2023|website=Cinema Express}}</ref> In 2021, he made his directorial debut with ''Naandhi'', featuring Allari Naresh and Varalaxmi Sarathkumar, which got him praises from critics. Sangeetha Devi of ''[[The Hindu]]'' described "''Naandhi'' marks as a confident directorial debut for Vijay Kanakamedala",<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/naandhi-movie-review-what-it-takes-to-turn-the-tables/article33879659.ece|title=‘Naandhi’ review: Director Vijay Kanakamedala and Allari Naresh put forth an engaging drama|first=Sangeetha Devi|last=Dundoo|date=February 19, 2021|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> In 2023, Vijay once again collaborated with Allari Naresh for the film ''Ugram'' received mixed reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/allari-naresh-director-vijay-kanakamedala-reunite-for-a-new-film-after-naandhi-heres-all-we-know/73407c50a3829|title=Allari Naresh, director Vijay Kanakamedala reunite for a new film after Naandhi; here’s all we know!|website=OTTPlay}}</ref> In 2025, he directed ''Bhairavam'' the official remake of tamil film ''Garudan'' starring Bellamkonda Sreenivas, Manchu Manoj and Nara Rohith.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/director-vijay-kanakamedala-faces-backlash-over-resurfaced-meme-mocking-mega-family-members-chiranjeevi-ram-charan/articleshow/121357900.cms|title=Director Vijay Kanakamedala faces backlash over resurfaced meme mocking Mega Family members Chiranjeevi-Ram Charan|date=May 23, 2025|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref> == Filmography == {{Pending films key}} {| class="wikitable" |+ !Year !Title !Cast !Notes !Ref. |- |2021 |''Naandhi'' |Allari Naresh, Varalakshmi Sarath Kumar |Directorial debut |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/May/19/vijay-kanakamedala-bhairavam-has-all-the-emotions-telugu-audience-needs|title=Vijay Kanakamedala: Bhairavam has all the emotions Telugu audience needs|first=C. E.|last=Features|date=May 19, 2025|website=Cinema Express}}</ref> |- |2023 |''Ugram'' |Allari Naresh, Mirnaa Menon | |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/allari-naresh-announces-his-third-film-with-director-vijay-kanakamedala-even-before-ugrams-release/1e6ace73be267|title=Allari Naresh announces his third film with director Vijay Kanakamedala even before Ugram’s release|website=OTTPlay}}</ref> |- |2025 |''Bhairavam'' |Bellamkonda Sreenivas, Manchu Manoj, Nara Rohith | |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/manchu-manoj-set-for-a-powerful-comeback-in-bhairavam-says-director-vijay-kanakamedala-1862323|title=Manchu Manoj Set for Powerful Comeback in Bhairavam: Vijay Kanakamedala|first=B. V. S.|last=Prakash|date=February 20, 2025|website=www.deccanchronicle.com}}</ref> |- |} == Awards and nominations == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- ! scope="col"| Award ! scope="col"| Category ! scope="col"|Work ! scope="col"| Result |{{Tooltip|'''Ref.'''|References}} |- |Sakshi Excellence Awards |Jury Special Recognisition Award |rowspan="3" |''Naandhi'' |{{won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sakshiexcellenceawards.com/index.php?page=Winners&pageid=9&subpageid=46&subsubpageid=99|title=Winners - 2021 - Cinema Awards|website=www.sakshiexcellenceawards.com}}</ref> |- |20th Santosham Film Awards |Santosham EVV Smaraka Award |{{won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQiwCr0YcGA|title=Vijay Kanakamedala Emotional Speech At #SantoshamSumantvSouthIndianFilmAwards2021 &#124; #Santosham|date=December 27, 2021|via=YouTube}}</ref> |- |South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA Awards |SIIMA Award for Best Debut Director – Telugu|Best Debut Director – Telugu |{{nominated}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/siima-2022-nominees-announced-voting-begins/|title=SIIMA 2022: Full list of nominees announced, voting begins|first=Y. Krishna|last=Jyothi|date=August 20, 2022|website=The South First}}</ref> |- |} == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == *{{IMDb name|9507246}} 63kqnblxcvg5p9ee10wfg0dn17047h4 828 1192367 10368223 10349895 2025-07-02T20:32:55Z Codemini 1621675 Use arguments 10368223 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local function makeWikitextError(msg) return string.format('<strong class="error">PaginationScriptError: "%s" ([[template:Pagination#Errors|help]])</strong>', msg) end function p.pagination(frame) args = getArgs(frame, { wrappers = "Template:Pagination" }) prevlink = args[1] or args.prevlink nextlink = args[2] or args.nextlink prevstyle = args.prevstyle or '' nextstyle = args.nextstyle or '' p = '<span class="prev-btn" style="' .. prevstyle .. '";>[[' .. prevlink .. '|Previous]]</span>' n = '<span class="next-btn" style="' .. nextstyle .. '";>[[' .. nextlink .. '|Next]]</span>' pntm = '' .. p .. ' ' .. n .. '' if prevlink and nextlink == '' then return makeWikitextError('no link provided for the previous and next buttons') else return pntm end end return p 01bpemft3l5l7if14132srqvosd8k68 10368236 10368223 2025-07-02T20:40:34Z Codemini 1621675 Test 10368236 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local function makeWikitextError(msg) return string.format('<strong class="error">PaginationScriptError: "%s" ([[template:Pagination#Errors|help]])</strong>', msg) end function p.pagination(frame) args = frame:getParent().args prevlink = args[1] or args.prevlink nextlink = args[2] or args.nextlink prevstyle = args.prevstyle or '' nextstyle = args.nextstyle or '' p = '<span class="prev-btn" style="' .. prevstyle .. '";>[[' .. prevlink .. '|Previous]]</span>' n = '<span class="next-btn" style="' .. nextstyle .. '";>[[' .. nextlink .. '|Next]]</span>' pntm = '' .. p .. ' ' .. n .. '' if prevlink and nextlink == '' then return makeWikitextError('no link provided for the previous and next buttons') else return pntm end end return p 6q52v1snhx17unoozomv764t2kyzle9 10368242 10368236 2025-07-02T20:42:40Z Codemini 1621675 Undid revision 10368236 by [[Special:Contributions/Codemini|Codemini]] ([[User talk:Codemini|talk]]). 10368242 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local function makeWikitextError(msg) return string.format('<strong class="error">PaginationScriptError: "%s" ([[template:Pagination#Errors|help]])</strong>', msg) end function p.pagination(frame) args = getArgs(frame, { wrappers = "Template:Pagination" }) prevlink = args[1] or args.prevlink nextlink = args[2] or args.nextlink prevstyle = args.prevstyle or '' nextstyle = args.nextstyle or '' p = '<span class="prev-btn" style="' .. prevstyle .. '";>[[' .. prevlink .. '|Previous]]</span>' n = '<span class="next-btn" style="' .. nextstyle .. '";>[[' .. nextlink .. '|Next]]</span>' pntm = '' .. p .. ' ' .. n .. '' if prevlink and nextlink == '' then return makeWikitextError('no link provided for the previous and next buttons') else return pntm end end return p 01bpemft3l5l7if14132srqvosd8k68 10369083 10368242 2025-07-03T07:07:20Z Codemini 1621675 Use this new style 10369083 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local function makeWikitextError(msg) return string.format('<strong class="error">PaginationScriptError: "%s" ([[template:Pagination#Errors|help]])</strong>', msg) end function p.pagination(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) return p._pagination(args) end function p._pagination(args) prevlink = args[1] or args.prevlink or '' nextlink = args[2] or args.nextlink or '' prevstyle = args.prevstyle or '' nextstyle = args.nextstyle or '' p = '<span class="prev-btn" style="' .. prevstyle .. '";>[[' .. prevlink .. '|Previous]]</span>' n = '<span class="next-btn" style="' .. nextstyle .. '";>[[' .. nextlink .. '|Next]]</span>' pntm = '' .. p .. ' ' .. n .. '' if prevlink and nextlink == '' then return makeWikitextError('no link provided for the previous and next buttons') else return pntm end end return p 5sqdp236r6b1eayy6040ke035e2vh4s 10369110 10369083 2025-07-03T07:45:02Z Codemini 1621675 Extension tag 10369110 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local function makeWikitextError(msg) return string.format('<strong class="error">PaginationScriptError: "%s" ([[template:Pagination#Errors|help]])</strong>', msg) end function p.pagination(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) return p._pagination(args) end function p._pagination(args) prevlink = args[1] or args.prevlink or '' nextlink = args[2] or args.nextlink or '' prevstyle = args.prevstyle or '' nextstyle = args.nextstyle or '' p = mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag('templatestyles', '', {src='Module:Pagination/css'}) .. '<span class="prev-btn" style="' .. prevstyle .. '";>[[' .. prevlink .. '|Previous]]</span>' n = '<span class="next-btn" style="' .. nextstyle .. '";>[[' .. nextlink .. '|Next]]</span>' pntm = '' .. p .. ' ' .. n .. '' if prevlink and nextlink == '' then return makeWikitextError('no link provided for the previous and next buttons') else return pntm end end return p e586tudedou9uvst52b8ygtz1v51u8i 10369117 10369110 2025-07-03T07:47:24Z Codemini 1621675 ... 10369117 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local function makeWikitextError(msg) return string.format('<strong class="error">PaginationScriptError: "%s" ([[template:Pagination#Errors|help]])</strong>', msg) end function p.pagination(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) return p._pagination(args) end function p._pagination(args) prevlink = args[1] or args.prevlink or '' nextlink = args[2] or args.nextlink or '' prevstyle = args.prevstyle or '' nextstyle = args.nextstyle or '' p = mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag('templatestyles', '', {src='Module:Pagination/styles.css'}) .. '<span class="prev-btn" style="' .. prevstyle .. '";>[[' .. prevlink .. '|Previous]]</span>' n = '<span class="next-btn" style="' .. nextstyle .. '";>[[' .. nextlink .. '|Next]]</span>' pntm = '' .. p .. ' ' .. n .. '' if prevlink and nextlink == '' then return makeWikitextError('no link provided for the previous and next buttons') else return pntm end end return p e513jzk6z671yeblaking69p5aiekkl 0 1192804 10368872 10366375 2025-07-03T03:38:19Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{copyedit|date=July 2025}} {{complex|date=July 2025}} {{Infobox deity | type = | name = [[Ancient Egyptian Deities|Egyptian Deity]] | deity_of = <!-- or god_of / Alusi_of --> god of [[goldsmiths]] and [[artisans]] | member_of = [[Egyptian Deities|Egyptian Deity]] | image = Amulette de Ptah-Patèque en faïence siliceuse.jpg | alt = 200px | caption = Amulet of Ptah-Patèque, [[faience]] siliceous, Private collection, France, Origin Egypt, [[26th dynasty of Ancient Egypt|26th dynasty]]—[[30th dynasty of Ancient Egypt|30th dynasty]] | other_names = Patek; pataikos | hiro = | script_name = | script = | venerated_in = | associate = <!-- or | affiliation = --> | cult_centre = <!-- or | cult_center = --> [[Memphis, Egypt]] | artifacts = <!-- or | artefacts = --> | animals = | symbol = <!-- or | symbols = --> | adherents = | height = | complexion = <!-- or | color = --> | number = | mount = | texts = | gender = | region = | ethnic_group = | temples = | festivals = | parents = | siblings = | consort = <!-- or | consorts = --> | offspring = <!-- or | children = --> }} '''Pateco''' (gr. ''Παταϊκός'' (''pataikos'')), or also ''Ptah-pateco'', is an Egyptian genius or deity represented in the form of a dwarf and mainly on [[amulet]]s. Many of these have been found in [[Phoenician]] and [[Punic people|Punic]] centers throughout the [[Mediterranean]], but also in [[Etruria]] and to a lesser extent in [[Greece]]. == Origins, Attributes, and Representation == The name "Pateque" comes from [[Herodotus]] who, in his ''[[Histories]]'', refers by this name to the [[figureheads]] of [[Phoenicians|Phoenician]] ships in the form of a protective [[Dwarfism|dwarf]].<ref>Herodotus, ''Egypt: Histories'', 2002, chap. 3, {{p.|37}}</ref> Her connection with [[Ptah]] comes from the dwarves who, in [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptian Antiquity]], were generally associated with experts in [[metallurgy]]<ref>[[Michel Valloggia]], ''[http://www.barbier-mueller.ch/collections/antiquite/egypte-predynastique-et/article/amulette-de-ptah-pateque] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192150/http://www.barbier-mueller.ch/collections/antiquite/egypte-predynastique-et/article/amulette-de-ptah-pateque |date=2016-03-03 }}'', line 8-10.</ref><ref>Let us remember that Ptah is the patron saint of artisans.</ref> Ptah-Patek is generally represented as a deformed, completely naked, green dwarf with a pot-bellied belly and a head disproportionate to his body. There are, however, rare cases where he is adorned with a necklace and a crown that surmounts his skullcap. Unlike Ptah, he possesses neither the ''[[Djed pillar]]'', nor the ''[[Was scepter]]'', nor the ''[[ankh]]'', nor the [[false beard]] symbol of royalty. Their only similarity lies in the wearing of the skullcap atop their heads.<ref>Comparison between a bronze statuette of Ptah (E 3305) inlaid with gold and electrum from the [[Louvre Museum]] in Paris and a faience amulet of Ptah-Patek (number: BAAM 1114) from the [[Museum of Antiquities]] in [[Alexandria]].</ref> He was represented exclusively in the form of a [[faience]] [[amulet]] that protected its wearer from evil forces and chaos. == Cult == The [[Late Period of ancient Egypt|Late Period]] is the period when its popularity grew among the Egyptian people, who, associating it with the god [[Bes]] from the 22nd Dynasty of Egypt onwards,<ref>{{cite book|language=fr|first1=Sabine|last1=Fourrier|first2=Gilles|last2=Grivaud|title=Intersecting Identities in a Mediterranean Environment: The Case of Cyprus (Antiquity-Middle Ages)|publisher=Publications of the Universities of Rouen and Le Havre|year=2006|page=75-76| isbn=9782877754071|url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=bu1VJbxJY_UC}}</ref> exports it throughout the [[Levantine Basin|Eastern Mediterranean]] in the [[Hellenistic period]]. == Related pages == * [[Ptah]] == Notes == {{Reflist}} == Bibliography == * Philippe Germond, "The Symbolic World of Egyptian Amulets: From the Jacques-Édouard Berger Collection," Éditions 5 Continents, 2005; * [[Alain-Pierre Zivie]], ''Memphis and its Necropolises in the New Kingdom'', Éditions du CNRS, 1988. == Other websites == * {{web link |title=Amulet of Ptah-Patèque |url=http://www.barbier-mueller.ch/collections/antiquite/egypte-predynastique-et/article/amulette-de-ptah-pateque |site=barbier-mueller.ch via [[Internet Archive]] |accessed=04-16-2024 |access-date=2025-05-29 |archive-date=2018-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126012443/http://www.barbier-mueller.ch/collections/antiquite/egypte-predynastique-et/article/amulette-de-ptah-pateque |url-status=dead }} [[Category:Egyptian gods and goddesses]] [[Category:Ancient Egyptian religion]] [[Category:Index Egyptological]] [[Category:Egyptian Deity]] [[Category:Dwarfism]] hetf2w7zwdb19pgobuaf8krnjhve6iw 0 1193258 10368841 10323862 2025-07-03T03:19:11Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} [[File:Aristotelis De Moribus ad Nicomachum.jpg|alt=An elaborate Latin page of Nicomachean Ethics|236px<!--(approx Sidebar/Infobox)-->|thumb|First page of a 1566 edition of the ''Aristotolic Ethics'' in Greek and Latin]] The '''''Nicomachean Ethics''''' is a philosophical work by the ancient Greek philosopher [[Aristotle]]. It explores the concept of ethics and the path to achieving a good and fulfilling life. Aristotle examines what it means to live well and how individuals can attain happiness through virtuous living. == Key concepts == * Happiness (''Eudaimonia''): Aristotle argues that the ultimate goal of human life is ''eudaimonia'', often translated as happiness or flourishing. This state is achieved by living a life of virtue and fulfilling one's potential. * Virtue (''Arete''): Virtue is a trait of character manifested in habitual action. Aristotle distinguishes between moral virtues (like courage and generosity) and intellectual virtues (like wisdom and understanding). * The Golden Mean: Virtue lies in finding the balance between excess and deficiency. For example, courage is the mean between recklessness and cowardice. * Practical Wisdom (''Phronesis''): This is the ability to deliberate well about what is good and beneficial for oneself. It's essential for making moral decisions. == Structure == The ''Nicomachean Ethics'' is divided into ten books, each focusing on different aspects of ethical theory: * Book I: Discusses the concept of happiness and the highest good. * Book II: Introduces moral virtue and the importance of habituation. * Book III: Explores voluntary and involuntary actions, and specific virtues like courage and temperance. * Book IV: Examines other moral virtues such as generosity and magnanimity. * Book V: Focuses on justice and fairness. * Book VI: Discusses intellectual virtues and practical wisdom. * Book VII: Addresses weakness of will and self-control. * Books VIII & IX: Analyze friendship and its role in the good life. * Book X: Considers pleasure and the life of contemplation as the highest form of happiness. == Influence and legacy == Aristotle's ''Nicomachean Ethics'' has had a profound impact on [[Western philosophy]] and ethical thought. It laid the groundwork for virtue ethics, emphasizing character and the virtues in moral philosophy. The work continues to be studied and referenced in discussions about how to live a good and meaningful life. ==Other websites== {{commons category}} {{Wikisource|Nicomachean Ethics|''Nicomachean Ethics''}} {{Wikiquote}} * [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0054 H. Rackham translation plus Greek version] ([[The Perseus Project]]) * {{cite web|url=http://www.sparknotes.com/philosophy/ethics/ |title=''Nicomachean Ethics'' Study Guide|website=sparknotes}} * {{librivox book | title=Nicomachean Ethics | author=ARISTOTLE}} * [http://sniggle.net/TPL/index5.php?entry=tnesrc PDFs of several (now) public domain translations and commentaries on the ''Nicomachean Ethics''] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Books about friendship]] [[Category:Ethics books]] [[Category:Works by Aristotle]] kfdj6nxsq3e4t2lmmr6rz7k7q4zksu6 10 1193267 10368227 10349875 2025-07-02T20:35:14Z Codemini 1621675 10368227 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><templatestyles src="Module:Pagination/styles.css" />{{#invoke:Pagination|pagination}} </includeonly><noinclude>{{doc}}</noinclude> 8d6zzr8mt4rr0hhhpganjwcx4ir6hgq 0 1193305 10369385 10296960 2025-07-03T10:57:37Z CallumBen13 1611993 Changed redirect target from [[List of The Simpsons characters#The Simpson family]] to [[List of The Simpsons characters#Patty and Selma]] 10369385 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[List of The Simpsons characters#Patty and Selma]] owubimriy5mbknbn03mj3wlse8x1293 0 1194596 10367837 10355379 2025-07-02T15:57:38Z CommonsDelinker 5295 Removing [[:c:File:2025_Boulder_fire_attack_response.webp|2025_Boulder_fire_attack_response.webp]]; it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Infrogmation|Infrogmation]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:2025 Boulder fire attack respons 10367837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox civilian attack | title = 2025 Boulder fire attack | partof = [[violent incidents in reaction to the Gaza war]] | image = | caption = Police and first responders near the crime scene | location = [[Pearl Street Mall]], [[Boulder, Colorado]], United States | target = Walk participants | coordinates = {{WikidataCoord|Q134682300|type:event_region:US-CO|display=inline,title}} | map = {{OSM Location map |coord = {{Coord|40|1|7|N|105|16|41|W}} |float = center |zoom = 15 |width = 300 |height = 220 |scalemark = 40 |mark-coord1 = {{Coord|40|1|7|N|105|16|41|W}} |fullscreen-option = 1 }} | date = June 1, 2025 | time = {{Circa}}1:26{{nbsp}}p.m. | timezone = [[Mountain Time Zone|MDT]] | type = [[Firebombing]] | fatalities = 0 | injuries = 13 (including the suspect) | victims = | accused = Mohamed Soliman | weapons = Makeshift [[flamethrower]], [[incendiary device]] | charges = 42 | motive = [[Antisemitism]] }} On June 1, 2025, in [[Boulder, Colorado]], [[United States]], Mohamed Sabry Soliman, an Egyptian man living in [[Colorado]], allegedly used a makeshift [[flamethrower]] and [[Molotov cocktail]]s to attack a group of people taking part in a walk to raise awareness for the hostages taken from [[Israel]] by [[Hamas]] during the [[October 7 attacks]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cann|first=Christopher|date=2025-06-01 |title=Who is Mohamed Soliman? FBI raids home of suspect in Colorado terror attack|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2025/06/02/mohamed-soliman-boulder-colorado-terror-attack-suspect/83986962007/|access-date=2025-06-02 |website=USA Today|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Grewe|first=Lindsey|date=2025-06-02 |title=FBI searches home in eastern Colorado Springs with ties to suspect in Boulder 'terror attack'|url=https://www.kktv.com/2025/06/02/fbi-searches-home-eastern-colorado-springs-with-ties-suspect-boulder-terror-attack/|access-date=2025-06-02 |website=KKTV|language=en-US}}</ref> The attack left thirteen people injured, including the suspect. Soliman yelled "Free [[Palestine]]" and said [[antisemitism]] was the reason for his attack.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Ward |first=Jasper |last2=Ward |first2=Jasper |date=2025-06-01 |title=FBI investigating 'targeted terror attack' in Boulder, Colorado, director says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/fbi-investigating-targeted-terror-attack-boulder-colorado-director-says-2025-06-01/ |access-date=2025-06-01 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> The [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) treated the attack as a targeted [[terror attack]], and he was charged with a federal [[hate crime]] and other related state charges.<ref>{{cite web|date=2 June 2025|title= What we know about the Colorado flamethrower attack|url= https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/what-we-know-about-colorado-flamethrower-attack|website=[[Middle East Eye]]|access-date=3 June 2025}}</ref> [[Donald Trump|U.S. President Donald Trump]] announced in a post on [[Truth Social]] after the attack that Soliman would be [[deportation|deported]] under his Administration.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/114614695646992423 |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=Truth Social |language=en}}</ref> [[Attorney General of the United States|Attorney General]] [[Pam Bondi]] said that the [[U.S. Department of Justice]] would hold the alleged attacker "accountable to the fullest extent of the law."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hutzler |first=Alexandra |last2=Stoddart |first2=Michelle |date=2025-06-02 |title=Trump responds to Boulder attack in social media post, seizes on suspect's immigration status |url=https://abcnews.go.com/amp/Politics/trump-boulder-attack-tolerated/story?id=122421107 |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{US-stub}} [[Category:June 2025 events]] [[Category:Boulder, Colorado]] a727z9sruql9gxjj84spnshwb6yyh58 0 1194683 10367874 10342004 2025-07-02T16:24:43Z CallumBen13 1611993 10367874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{No sources|date=June 2025}} {{Infobox SpongeBob episode | title = Mid-Life Crustacean | series = [[SpongeBob SquarePants]] | image = | caption = | episode = 15b | season = 3 | production = 5572-210 | airdate = {{Start date|2002|11|06}} | prev = [[The Great Snail Race]] | next = [[Born Again Krabs]] | season_article = [[SpongeBob SquarePants season 3]] | episode_list = [[List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes|List of episodes]] | music = | writer = *[[C. H. Greenblatt]] *[[Kaz (cartoonist)|Kaz]] *[[Mark O'Hare]] | director = *[[C. H. Greenblatt]] and [[Kaz (cartoonist)|Kaz]] (storyboard directors) *Chuck Klein (storyboard) *Frank Weiss ([[animation director|animation]]) *[[Derek Drymon]] (creative) | prev = [[The Great Snail Race]] | next = [[Born Again Krabs]] | season_article = [[SpongeBob SquarePants season 3]] | episode_list = [[List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes|List of episodes]] }} "'''Mid-Life Crustacean'''" is the second part of the 15th [[episode]] of the third season of ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]''. It was first [[Broadcasting|broadcast]] on [[Nickelodeon]] on November 6, 2002. The episode is about [[Mr. Krabs]] trying to prove that he isn't old. ==Story== [[Mr. Krabs]] wakes up one morning to a song on his clock radio that reminds him of his advancing age as he struggles to get out of bed. At breakfast, he asks Pearl if she thinks he's old, which Pearl says she does; he tries using the slang word "coral" as an alternative to "cool" to try to sound younger, which Pearl says ruins the term. On his way to work, he becomes increasingly agitated as he is continuously reminded of his age. At the Krusty Krab, after overhearing a patron comparing him to an "old and dried out" Krabby Patty, he asks to join SpongeBob and Patrick's "big night out" in order to feel young again. During the evening, SpongeBob, Patrick, and Mr. Krabs partake in bizarre, bland, and/or childish activities, none of which satisfies Mr. Krabs. At an arcade, SpongeBob, Patrick and several children repeatedly ask Mr. Krabs if he is feeling younger now, causing him to lose his temper and berate the duo. Preparing to cancel his night out, Mr. Krabs changes his mind when Patrick reveals that they are going out on a [[panty raid]]. When the trio sneaks into a house to grab a woman's pair of underwear from her dresser drawer, Mr. Krabs briefly rejoices, finally feeling young again, before they are caught by the home's owner, Krabs' mother; SpongeBob and Patrick never told him it was her house they were raiding. Because of the boys' lie by omission, she grounds Mr. Krabs for the rest of the night. SpongeBob follows him and apologizes, to which Mr. Krabs forgives him, quipping that spending the night in his childhood bedroom makes him feel younger. As SpongeBob leaves, Mr. Krabs' mother orders him to shut off his bedroom lights, to which he dejectedly abides. ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:SpongeBob SquarePants episodes]] [[Category:2003 television episodes]] {{tv-stub}} 1utyeg3rt3ie3ud4h56qphb48befdgh 3 1194940 10368969 10341834 2025-07-03T05:01:06Z Bot873 764901 Bot: Archiving 2 threads from [[User talk:TTP1233]] 10368969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talk archive}} == Tech News: 2025-23 == <section begin="technews-2025-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Editors can use this new extension to create interactive data visualizations like bar, line, area, and pie charts. Charts are designed to replace many of the uses of the legacy [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]]. '''Updates for editors''' * It is now easier to configure automatic citations for your wiki within the visual editor's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]]. Administrators can now set a default template by using the <code dir=ltr>_default</code> key in the local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]</bdi> page ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|example diff]]). Setting this default will also help to future-proof your existing configurations when [[phab:T347823|new item types]] are added in the future. You can still set templates for individual item types as they will be preferred to the default template. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting the week of June 2, bots logging in using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> or <code dir=ltr>action=clientlogin</code> will fail more often. This is because of stronger protections against suspicious logins. Bots using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|bot passwords]] or using a loginless authentication method such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] are not affected. If your bot is not using one of those, you should update it; using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> without a bot password was deprecated [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|in 2016]]. For most bots, this only requires changing what password the bot uses. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205] * From this week, Wikimedia wikis will allow ES2017 features in JavaScript code for official code, gadgets, and user scripts. The most visible feature of ES2017 is <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax, allowing for easier-to-read code. Until this week, the platform only allowed up to ES2016, and a few months before that, up to ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Scholarship applications to participate in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] are now open. The conference will take place from 30 October to 1 November, in Lisbon, Portugal. GLAM contributors who lack the means to support their participation can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|apply here]]. Scholarship applications close on June 7th. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W23"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:55, 2 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28819186 --> == Tech News: 2025-24 == <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]]. * Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> and <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:17, 10 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 --> == Tech News: 2025-25 == <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:38, 16 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == Tech News: 2025-26 == <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * The <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the "Add a Link" Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 23 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == Tech News: 2025-27 == <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's "Find in page" function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special "favourite list". The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:41, 30 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> 06q8rerxnwirz26a7kyw12gao0uqt2k 0 1194994 10368329 10364242 2025-07-02T21:59:52Z BlackJack 572554 /* References */category 10368329 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox cricket team|name=Royal Challengers Bengaluru|alt_name=|nickname=RCB|league=Women's Premier League|captain=[[Smriti Mandhana]]<br>(2023–present)|coach=Luke Williams<br>(2024–present)|city=[[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]|colours={{color box|#FF0000}} {{color box|#191970}}|owner= United Spirits |founded={{start date and age|2023}}|ground=M. Chinnaswamy Stadium|capacity=33,800|title1=WPL|title1wins=[[File:Simple gold cup.svg|20px]] ([[2024 Women's Premier League (cricket)|2024]])|website={{URL|https://royalchallengers.com/|Website}}|image_size=160px|t_pattern_la=_blueborder|t_pattern_b=_rcb24|t_pattern_ra=_blueborder|t_pattern_pants=|t_leftarm=191970|t_body=191970|t_rightarm=191970|t_pants=FF0000|t_title=Regular kit}}{{sidebar|titlestyle=font-size: 120%; background-color: #8B0000; color: #FFFFFF; border: 1px solid #C32148|title=[[Royal Challengers Bengaluru|<span style="color: #FFFFFF">Royal Challengers Bengaluru</span>]]|contentstyle=padding-top:0.5em;|content1={{aligned table|cols=2|fullwidth=y | [[File:Cricket pictogram.svg|30px|class=skin-invert]] | [[File:Cricket pictogram.svg|30px|class=skin-invert]] | Women's Team | [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru|Men's Team]] }}}} '''Royal Challengers Bengaluru Women''' (formerly known as '''Royal Challengers Bangalore Women''') is a franchise cricket team based in [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], that competes in the Women's Premier League (WPL). The team is owned by Diageo, which also owns the men's franchise, Royal Challengers Bengaluru in the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL). The women's team is captained by [[Smriti Mandhana]] and coached by Luke Williams. Royal Challengers Bengaluru won their maiden title in the 2024 WPL season, which was also the first major trophy for the franchise across both men's and women's teams.<ref>{{cite news |title=On This Day: Royal Challengers Bengaluru win WPL, their first-ever title, defeat Delhi Capitals in 2024 final |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/royal-challengers-bengaluru-2024-wpl-title-win-on-this-day-9891208/ |work=The Indian Express |date=17 March 2025 |access-date=2 April 2025}}</ref> As of 2025, the team is also the most-followed cricket franchise on [[Instagram]], with over 21 million followers.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rathod |first=Karan Singh |date=31 March 2025 |title=Royal Challengers Bengaluru Overtake Chennai Super Kings, Become Most-Followed Team On Instagram |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/royal-challengers-bengaluru-overtake-chennai-super-kings-become-most-followed-team-on-instagram-article-151323827 |work=Times Now |access-date=2 April 2025}}</ref> ==History== In October 2022, the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI) announced plans to launch a five-team women's franchise cricket league in March 2023.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/wipl-2023-inaugural-womens-ipl-likely-to-be-played-from-march-3-to-26-1348845 |title=Inaugural Women's IPL likely to be played from March 3 to 26 |date=9 December 2022 |access-date=16 February 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> In January 2023, the tournament was officially named the '''Women's Premier League''', with team franchises awarded via a closed bidding process.<ref name="rights">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/mumbai-indians-delhi-capitals-royal-challengers-bangalore-adani-group-capri-global-to-own-womens-ipl-teams-1355823 |title=Owners of Mumbai Indians, Delhi Capitals, RCB win bids to own Women's Premier League teams |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |date=25 January 2023 |access-date=16 February 2023}}</ref> The Bengaluru-based franchise was acquired by Diageo, the owners of the Royal Challengers IPL team. Ben Sawyer was appointed as the inaugural head coach in February 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/rcb-name-australian-ben-sawyer-as-head-coach-for-wpl-8446868/ |title=RCB name Australian Ben Sawyer as head coach for WPL |publisher=The Indian Express |date=15 February 2023 |access-date=16 February 2023}}</ref> The team picked 18 players in the first-ever WPL auction held on 13 February 2023.<ref name="auction">{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/live-blog/live-blog-2023-wpl-auction-1358703 |title=Bid-by-bid updates - 2023 WPL auction |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=13 February 2023 |access-date=16 February 2023}}</ref> [[Smriti Mandhana]] was named captain ahead of the inaugural season. RCB Women finished fourth in the 2023 season and did not qualify for the knockout stages.<ref name="23table">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-premier-league-2022-23-1348825/points-table-standings |title=Women's Premier League 2022/23 - Table |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=27 March 2023}}</ref> In September 2023, Luke Williams took over as head coach for the 2024 season.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.royalchallengers.com/rcb-cricket-news/news/rcb-appoints-big-bash-winner-luke-williams-as-head-coach-for-wpl |title=RCB appoints Big Bash winner Luke Williams as head coach for WPL |publisher=Royal Challengers Bangalore |date=30 September 2023 |access-date=17 March 2024}}</ref> The team won four matches in the league stage and qualified for the playoffs. In the eliminator, they defeated the defending champions Mumbai Indians and advanced to the final, where they beat Delhi Capitals to win their maiden WPL title. [[Ellyse Perry]] won the Orange Cap (most runs) and Shreyanka Patil won the Purple Cap (most wickets) in the 2024 season. == Performance record == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" !Year !League Standings !Final Standings |- !2023 |4/5 |League Stage |- !2024 |3/5 | style="background: gold;" |'''Champions''' |- !2025 |4/5 |League Stage |} == Captaincy record == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" !Player !Duration !Matches !Won !Lost !Best Result |- |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Smriti Mandhana]] |2023–present |24 |9 |15 | bgcolor="gold" |'''Champions (2024)''' |} ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Cricket teams in India]] 0e2o3u83exfltx5stgh0gquyotkm01p 0 1195167 10367670 10365205 2025-07-02T13:23:07Z Barras 40117 Nominated for deletion; see [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of videos on Nintendo Video]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367670 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|The article is not really useful for our project in this state. I thought about just deleting it, however, there is a lot of work in the article. In this shape the article doesn't make much sense to have. Might be a case of [[:en:WP:TNT]].}} == List of videos in North America == {| border="1" cellpadding="1" class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:12px; width:100%" !width="45%"|Name !width="30%"|First Released !width="10%"|Length !width="15%"|Position |- |'''SUNDAY JOG''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/yJiLiMwH-D6jOowOgQtUj3DUKglMEbwE</ref><ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CPBq4f3aaA8</ref> |July 21, [[2011]], November 3, 2011, June 15, 2012, April 17, 2013 |03:42 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|A short animated film about two joggers who set out for a stroll on a beautiful Sunday morning. They are alarmed by what appears to be an earthquake-which quickly reveals itself to be much more. [June 15, 2012 version includes preview of Gym Class Heroes "The Fighter"] |- |'''Dinosaur Office''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/mNqxPjIbWPLrTLxnSQWsS3w2aWCYlzTM |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2017-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002061149/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/mNqxPjIbWPLrTLxnSQWsS3w2aWCYlzTM |url-status=dead }}</ref> |July 21, [[2011]], October 18, 2011, April 12, 2012, January 5, [[2013]], April 12, 2013, October 13, 2013 |01:49, 01:53 (re-broadcast), 01:48 (re-broadcast), 02:19 (re-broadcast) |Top Right |- |colspan=4|They're dinosaurs. In an office. Rawr! [October 13, 2013 version includes preview of new series.] |- |'''Captain America''' |July 21, [[2011]] |02:32 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Captain America: The First Avenger in which Steve Rogers (Chris Evans) volunteers for an experimental program that turns him into the super soldier known as Captain America. |- |'''What Is Nintendo Video?''' |July 21, [[2011]] |00:22 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Watch this now! |- |'''The Smurfs Trailer''' |July 26, [[2011]] |02:30 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|The Smurfs make their first 3D trip to thebig^[sic] screen in Columbia Pictures'/Sony Pictures Animation's hybrid live-action and animated family comedy, The Smurfs. |- |'''All is Not Lost by OK Go''' |July 27, [[2011]], September 24, 2011, November 5, 2011 |03:24 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Indie rock band and viral video kings, OK Go, team up with innovative dance company, Pilobolus, and long-time collaborator Trish Sie to create a gravity-defying head-spinning alternate universe |- |'''BearShark''' |July 29, [[2011]], October 21, 2011, January 6, [[2013]], May 20, 2013, October 24, 2013 |02:06, 02:37 (re-broadcast), September 11, 2014 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|When Bear and Shark team up, nobody's safe on land or sea. [October 24, 2013 version includes preview of new series.] |- |'''Pizza Quest''' |August 04, [[2011]], October 24, 2011, August 30, 2013 |02:56 (re-run 2:55) |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Join Scott on his epic quest for the world's best pizza ingredients. |- |'''Glee 3D Trailer''' |August 10, [[2011]] |01:44 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|The multi-generational phenomenon that has inspired millions to embrace their inner-Gleek will soon bring them together to experience Glee a whole new way. |- |'''Next Level: Hugs!''' [CollegeHumor] |August 11, [[2011]], October 26, 2011, March 14, 2013, February 6, 2014 |02:48 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Everyday activities are boring. Let us show you how to take it to the next level. |- |'''Jason Derulo, It Girl''' <ref>http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2011/08/nintendo_download_18th_august_2011_north_america</ref> |Week of August 18, [[2011]], September 26, 2011, November 7, 2011, April 5, 2013, August 25, 2013 |03:15 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Check out Jason Derulo's new video "It Girl"! Jason's new album Future History is out [orig. text only: on Sept. 27th] and features the smash hit "Don't Wanna Go Home." |- |'''UYUYUI!''' <ref>http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2011/08/nintendo_download_18th_august_2011_north_america</ref> |Week of August 18, [[2011]] |? |? |- |colspan=4|No description available |- |'''Duel [CollegeHumor]''' <ref>http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2011/08/nintendo_download_18th_august_2011_north_america</ref> |Week of August 18, [[2011]], March 10, 2013 |02:09 |? |- |colspan=4|The word's most awesome fight scenes, the world's most unlikely fighters. [Lawyer vs. Minotaur] |- |'''Blue Man Group, Upgrade Your Life''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/6mnN_hbUu0SomTXC1MN2zUeflMV0Ioa7 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2017-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516155622/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/6mnN_hbUu0SomTXC1MN2zUeflMV0Ioa7 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |August 26, [[2011]], September 28, [[2011]], September 25, [[2012]], September 8, 2013 |04:35 |? |- |colspan=4|Ding Dong! It's the Upgrade Your Life Kit via special delivery for Blue Man Group! Hit the red button to change your world and upgrade to 3D with a flip of a switch! |- |'''Santiago Caicedo, Moving Still''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/Eg_as8VhXR7i8npm9FX1kgtN67mf4T3m |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2017-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516155639/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/Eg_as8VhXR7i8npm9FX1kgtN67mf4T3m |url-status=dead }}</ref> |August 30, [[2011]], October 12, 2011, June 10, 2012 |02:21 |? |- |colspan=4|To be a routine traveler. No surprises at the starting point, no surprises at the point of arrival. To feel the monotony of a recurring journey made too many times. |- |'''Red Bull Media House North America, Inc., The Art of FLIGHT''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/nR4UJYv0OqPU_Jwcl9huEXgLNk-aqSm8</ref> |August 31, [[2011]], October 4, 2011 (?) |? |? |- |colspan=4|The Art of FLIGHT follows Travis Rice and friends as they dream up new global adventures and progress the sport of snowboarding to unimaginable levels |- |'''Red Bull Media House North America, Inc., Red Bull Rampage''' |Week of September 8, [[2011]], October 8, 2011, December 31, 2011, September 9, 2012 |02:46 (02:47 12/31/11 version) |? |- |colspan=4|Watch as the world's best big mountain riders explain the tops and flops that come with this unique and dangerous event. |- |'''Blue Man Group: Dance Like The Stars!''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/oRlVm5l7TsmYOuJDJIwP9FHP0z5mBfjU |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2017-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516090910/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/oRlVm5l7TsmYOuJDJIwP9FHP0z5mBfjU |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Week of September 8, [[2011]], September 30, 2011, October 2, [[2012]], September 15, 2013 |03:36 |? |- |colspan=4|Blue Man Group are adding a new dimension to the dance competition craze. Hula! The Dougie! Pogo! Watch Blue Man Group bust a move. [(re-broadcast text adds: Press any button to continue...] |- |'''the 3D-Machine''' <ref>http://www.3dsview.com/2011/09/14/now-on-nintendo-video-the-3d-machine/</ref> |September 13, [[2011]], October 16, 2011 |07:11 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|After an inventor makes a scientific breakthrough he leaves his incapable assistant alone with the newfound device of genius, which leads to wealth, love... and catastrophe! |- |'''Blue Man Group: Foley Part 1''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/PL8khXUgbFKolypHQpOX_-z47s8tv8dM |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023216/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/PL8khXUgbFKolypHQpOX_-z47s8tv8dM |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Week of September 15, [[2011]], March 2, 2013, March 15, 2014, October 3, 2014 |03:05 |? |- |colspan=4|Every step you take, every move you make. It's like air guitar on steroids but something just isn't right... |- |'''Red Bull BC One''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/EZfKuzch_c92cIgiFSw7Mz28AqU0esjw |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023334/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/EZfKuzch_c92cIgiFSw7Mz28AqU0esjw |url-status=dead }}</ref> |September 20, [[2011]], October 10, 2011, August 13, [[2012]] |00:58 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Red Bull BC one features 16 of the globe's most respected dancers battling for the most coveted individual B-Boy title in the world. |- |'''Foley Part II [Blue Man Group] ''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/qdf2nWjytIUOKntr5yjiBpgvuvTVL1OM |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2018-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231073042/https://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/qdf2nWjytIUOKntr5yjiBpgvuvTVL1OM |url-status=dead }}</ref> |September 22, [[2011]], October 4, 2011, March 6, 2013, March 22, 2014, October 9, 2014 |03:58 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|The stakes are high as the standoff continues. Thunder...footsteps...monsters. Blue Man Group is prepared with drumsticks, keyboard, an umbrella and a rubber ducky. Find out who has the last laugh... |- |'''Blue Man Group Sports''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/WCFxqwMbZGDbLgSwvtMQ5GTMguxJ7_pz |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2019-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215055953/https://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/WCFxqwMbZGDbLgSwvtMQ5GTMguxJ7_pz |url-status=dead }}</ref> |September 29, [[2011]], October 14, 2011, October 10, 2012, September 22, 2013, April 19, 2014 |04:01 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Watching sports on a tiny screen? Boring. Why not crawl inside and BECOME the game? Check out the Bluemanization of sports video games. |- |'''Building the Brand (3net)''' |October 4, [[2011]] |02:58 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Follow production of the Apache Longbow helicopter. Nicknamed the Angel of Death, it's painstakingly assembled by hand. |- |'''Pig Who Cried Werewolf (Dreamworks)''' |October 5, [[2011]], October 30, [[2011]] |06:51 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|The Three Little Pigs find themselves in trouble when they ignore the warning signs of a new neighbor moving in. |- |'''The Remote (Blue Man Group)''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/xgyXJ2fVWWPqwYjsfR6iUTEwmM1YUANy |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023426/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/xgyXJ2fVWWPqwYjsfR6iUTEwmM1YUANy |url-status=dead }}</ref> |October 6, [[2011]], November 1, [[2011]], April 12, 2013, April 12, 2014, June 25, 2015 |04:32 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|The magic remote is fun to play with, but things fly out of control quickly. Start, stop, splat! Can Blue Man Group regain their rhythm? |- |'''Feeding Time Gorilla (3net)''' |October 7, [[2011]] |03:20 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Gorillas love greens including cabbage romaine and kale [sic], but a favorite treat is Ketchup, especially the big Silverback. |- |'''Bullproof (3net)''' <ref>http://www.3dsview.com/2011/10/10/now-on-nintendo-video-bullproof/</ref> |October 10, [[2011]] |? |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|During a Championship Bull Riding event, American bullfighter Matt Baldwin finds himself helpless beneath a rampaging bull. |- |'''Night of the Living Carrots - Part 1 (Dreamworks)''' <ref>http://www.3dsview.com/2011/10/12/now-on-nintendo-video-night-of-living-carrots/</ref> |October 11, [[2011]], October 30, 2011 |06:40 |Top Left (Oct. 11), Bottom Left (Oct. 30) |- |colspan=4|B.O.B. and the gang from Monsters vs. Aliens come together on Halloween to save their town from a takeover by zombie carrots. Will B.O.B. be able to overcome his fears to save the day? |- |'''Free Climb Big Rocks [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/djddVLoVzzQi5qi41PqgKh-hrkAfo-BB |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023432/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/djddVLoVzzQi5qi41PqgKh-hrkAfo-BB |url-status=dead }}</ref> |October 13, [[2011]], August 29, 2012 |03:05, 03:03 (re-broadcast) |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Amongst the surreal rocks of Joshua Tree National Park, pro climbers tackle monster overhangs, tiny holds and fatal drops. Free Climb Big Rocks is part of the High Octane series on 3net. |- |'''Experience 3D [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/N_1knSDn-Wp5YL8yo1QnOTJwpBRhtABQ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023437/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/N_1knSDn-Wp5YL8yo1QnOTJwpBRhtABQ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |October 16, [[2011]], September 20, 2012 |? |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|The skies of New Mexico fill with hundreds of wildly shaped colorful hot air balloons at the International Balloon Fiesta. |- |'''Night of the Living Carrots - Part 2 (Dreamworks)''' <ref>http://www.3dsview.com/2011/10/18/now-on-nintendo-video-night-of-the-living-carrots-part-2/</ref> |October 18, [[2011]], October 30, 2011 |06:37 |Top Left (Oct. 18), Bottom Right (Oct. 30) |- |colspan=4|B.O.B. and the gang from Monsters vs. Aliens come together on Halloween to save their town from a takeover by zombie carrots. Will B.O.B. be able to overcome his fears to save the day? |- |'''Feeding Time (3net)''' <ref>http://www.3dsview.com/2011/10/19/now-on-nintendo-video-feeding-time/</ref> |October 19, [[2011]] |02:56 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Find out about the bamboo that is the diet of San Diego Zoo’s Giant Pandas. Meet mom, her cute cub and the big male Panda. |- |'''Puss in Boots Trailer''' <ref>http://www.3dsview.com/2011/10/20/now-on-nintendo-video-puss-in-boots-trailer/</ref> |October 21, 2011 (slightly updated October 24, 2011) |01:54 (updated version 02:18) |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Before he met the ogre & donkey, the legendary Puss In Boots goes on a heroic journey with mastermind Humpty Dumpty & the street-savvy Kitty Softpaws to steal the famed Goose that lays the Golden Eggs. |- |'''High Octane [3net]''' <ref>http://www.3dsview.com/2011/10/20/now-on-nintendo-video-puss-in-boots-trailer/</ref> |October 22, 2011, September 23, 2012 |02:37 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Popular in cities, Free Running or Parkour is focused on moving around and over obstacles with speed and efficiency. |- |'''Thriller (excerpt) (Dreamworks)''' <ref>http://www.3dsview.com/2011/10/25/now-on-nintendo-video-thriller-shrek-fiona-donkey/</ref> |October 25, 2011 |00:55 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Shrek, Fiona and Donkey are in for the scariest Halloween of their lives when they attend a midnight musical based on Michael Jackson’s classic video…it’s bound to be a Thriller! |- |'''Live Fire (3net)''' |October 25, 2011 |03:27 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Marines practice close quarters combat techniques used to clear a room of enemy combatants under live fire conditions. |- |'''Skylanders Beginning''' |October 28, 2011 |02:26 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Skylanders Spyro's Adventure - The new video game where toys come to life! Only you can put the Skylanders on the Portal of Power(tm) and bring them to life and save Skylands forever. Available Now! |- |'''Bullproof [3net]''' |October 28, 2011 |03:34 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Brandon is the new kid on the block when it comes to bullfighting. He takes big risks and isn't afraid to mix it up with an angry bull, but his impulsiveness can get him and a Bull Rider in trouble. |- |'''Zelda Theme Medley''' <ref>http://www.3dsview.com/2011/11/01/now-on-nintendo-video-zelda-theme-medley/</ref> |November 1, 2011, November 27, 2011, January 22, [[2013]], September 20, 2013, May 31, 2014, November 30, 2011, February 25, 2015 |04:54 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|This theme song was performed by a full orchestra. This and other songs will be included on a CD packed with the initial production runs of The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword. |- |'''US Open of Surfing 2010 (Red Bull)''' |November 1, 2011, December 3, 2011, August ?, 2012 (?) |03:18 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Thousands of spectators flocked to Huntington Beach for a glimpse of the latest moves in the world of surfing. |- |'''Building the Brand (3net)''' |November 1, 2011 |03:11 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|The most important fire fighting tool is the Fire Truck and every Pierce Fire Truck is hand-made from scratch and unique. |- |'''Experience 3D (3net)''' |November 4, 2011 |02:14 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|School kids get an exciting day aboard a sailing schooner, learning the history and ecology of New York's Hudson River. |- |'''Feeding Time (3net)''' |November 8, 2011 |03:01 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Visit San Diego Zoo's version of the South Pole where Polar Bears trade a diet of seals for piles of carrots and apples. |- |'''Ballad of the Goddess''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/ZL1gpmtLzx8h06qrGDOe2NCbXzC_QlKM |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023445/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/ZL1gpmtLzx8h06qrGDOe2NCbXzC_QlKM |url-status=dead }}</ref> |November 8, 2011, November 29, 2011, January 26, 2013, October 4, 2013, August 14, 2014, December 14, 2014 |02:22 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|This theme song was performed by a full orchestra. This and other songs will be [are] included on a CD packed with the initial production runs of The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword. |- |'''Monkey and Bear''' |November 9, 2011, December 5, 2011, June 10, 2012 |03:08 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Two runaways, resting in the woods, awaken to a windswept scene of folklore, spirits, and the afterlife in this uniquely animated short. |- |'''Happy Feet Two Trailer''' |November 9, 2011 |03:08 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|The sequel to the Academy Award(r)-winning film, HAPPY FEET TWO features top-dancing penguin, Mumble (Elijah Wood), his love, Gloria (Alecia Moore {P!ink}) and friends Ramon & Lovelace (Robin Williams). |- |'''Experience 3D (3net)''' |November 11, [[2011]] |3:09 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|At Hermosa Beach it's Beach Volleyball that attracts people to its golden sand. For it's not just recreation, it is a job. |- |'''Live Fire (3net)''' |November 14, 2011 |04:31 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|At the US Army's National Training Center the troops of the legendary 1st Armored Division face simulated urban combat. [Age verification required.] |- |'''Great Fairy's Fountain''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/bFgIcchevYM39JcJu_VKoFzXSqyKdDPo |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023449/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/bFgIcchevYM39JcJu_VKoFzXSqyKdDPo |url-status=dead }}</ref> |November 15, 2011, December 1, 2011, January 30, [[2013]], September 27, 2013, July 31, 2014, December 7, 2014 |03:17 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|This theme song was performed by a full orchestra. This and other songs will be [are] included on a CD packed with the initial production runs of The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword. |- |'''High Octane (3net)''' |November 17, [[2011]] |02:18 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Shredding the beach break at California's Huntington Beach with local surfers and pros from Hawaii and South Africa. |- |'''Arthur Christmas Trailer''' |November 17, [[2011]] |02:25 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Arthur Christmas has the ingredients of a Christmas classic: a family in a state of comic dysfunction and an unlikely hero, Arthur, with an urgent mission to complete before Christmas morning. |- |'''Red Bull Skate Art''' |November 19, [[2011]], September 23, 2012 |01:00 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Pro skater Joey Brezinski uses his skateboard as a paintbrush to reveal his artistic side. |- |'''Indy 500 [3net]''' |November 20, [[2011]] |03:39 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Its an [sic] 3D pass to hear the stories and join the pit crews on Race Day as the drivers put it all on the line at 220+ MPH. |- |'''Dinosaur Office [CollegeHumor]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/AVl4k5Fx6DxsbastzOyf4_luWKvT-8wd |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023454/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/AVl4k5Fx6DxsbastzOyf4_luWKvT-8wd |url-status=dead }}</ref> |November 22, [[2011]], January 6, [[2013]], April 26, 2013, October 20, 2013, February 23, 2014 |01:55, 02:26 (re-broadcast) |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Craig's friends help him fix his computer. Rawr! [October 20, 2013 version includes preview of new series.] |- |'''High Octane [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/WfkmuxMEk8IsY3RTxJhvdEAIVNwouup- |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023459/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/WfkmuxMEk8IsY3RTxJhvdEAIVNwouup- |url-status=dead }}</ref> |November 23, [[2011]], October 8, [[2012]] |03:30 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|In Santa Monica a crew of downhill skateboarders tear down winding mountain roads, slide round corners and reach 50 mph. |- |'''Experience 3D (3net)''' |November 26, [[2011]] |03:31 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Washington, DC is the center of world affairs and now gets a dimensional, insider's view of this often-photographed city. |- |'''Red Bull F1 Simulation''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/BTUq9pUbomWwEBdDmXMdfhPabdZpdXLz |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023503/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/BTUq9pUbomWwEBdDmXMdfhPabdZpdXLz |url-status=dead }}</ref> |November 27, 2011, March 10, 2012, September 12, 2012, November 25, 2012 |02:58, 03:03 (re-broadcast) |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Red Bull Racing does a lap on the new 5.14 kilometer long Buddh International Circuit in India. |- |'''Feeding Time''' |November 29, 2011 |02:47 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Zoo keepers take us behind the scenes to see Meerkats enjoy some early morning sun and their breakfast of fruit and grubs. |- |'''Dinosaur Office: Fired (CollegeHumor)''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/WlAwCIBXu665eFY8D-w-vA_KlyXcAvwl |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023508/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/WlAwCIBXu665eFY8D-w-vA_KlyXcAvwl |url-status=dead }}</ref> |November 30, [[2011]], April 15, [[2012]], May 17, 2013, March 11, 2014, September 3, 2014 |01:41, 02:18 (re-broadcast) |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Craig worries about job security. Rawr! [Last 30 seconds of re-broadcast is a preview of Dinosaur Office Season 2.] |- |'''Bullproof (3net)''' |December 2, 2011 |02:36 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Matt Baldwin has been fighting bulls for 17 years, a sport he loves despite the dangers that could end his career or worse. |- |'''Experience 3D (3net)''' |December 5, 2011 |02:43 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|The skies of New Mexico fill with hundreds of wildly shaped colorful hot air balloons at the International Balloon Fiesta. [Note: Although the description is the same, the video clip is not the same as the October 16, 2011 video.] |- |'''AWOLNATION''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/vgKmnsk5l1gd-m1BQuCfY3eGr6whLyQp |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2019-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213141139/https://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/vgKmnsk5l1gd-m1BQuCfY3eGr6whLyQp |url-status=dead }}</ref> |December 7, 2011, November 5, 2012, January 6, [[2013]] |04:06, 03:55 (re-broadcast) |Top Right |- |colspan=4|AWOLNATION follow up their Top 5 hit "Sail" with the new single "Not Your Fault." Check out the world premiere of the 3D version of their new stop-motion animation video. |- |'''Foster the People''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/3Di1nvBAjs1uO4EhogWuCp0jngGNor-o |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2019-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212204237/https://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/3Di1nvBAjs1uO4EhogWuCp0jngGNor-o |url-status=dead }}</ref> |December 8, 2011, October 4, [[2012]], April 28, 2013, August 29, 2013 |03:30, 03:02 (re-broadcast) |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Foster the People and Gabourey Sidibe star in a relentless, stunt heavy, car chase film. When a driving exam goes very wrong the ensuing chase tears up a small town in this outrageous music video. |- |'''High Octane [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/fAB21I7x-mU7b2onHHbVH_vpfdQJ_jt4 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023522/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/fAB21I7x-mU7b2onHHbVH_vpfdQJ_jt4 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |December 8, 2011 |3:23 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Pulling massive air off dirt jumps in the sleepy suburbs, BMX pro Heath Pinter and his crew have built a huge array of jumps. |- |'''Coming Soon!''' |December 8, 2011 |00:23 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Coming this Saturday to Nintendo Video (tm) -- Dinosaur Office: Asteroid! |- |'''Dinosaur Office: Asteroid [CollegeHumor]''' |December 10, 2011, January 8, [[2013]], May 6, 2013, April 9, 2014, August 26, 2014 |01:38 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|The dinosaurs worry about the weather. Rawr! |- |'''Dinosaur Office: Traffic [CollegeHumor]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/AdAK_yq64mQpY55xVbUlWpToDl-OUvkN |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023604/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/AdAK_yq64mQpY55xVbUlWpToDl-OUvkN |url-status=dead }}</ref> |December 15, 2011, January 9, [[2013]], September 13, 2013, April 15, 2014, May 21, 2015 |01:28 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|The dinosaurs might be late for work. Rawr! |- |'''Live Fire (3net)''' |December 15, 2011 |03:31 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Get look [sic] at the fire power on the Marine's AH-1 Cobra attack helicopter, including its hydra rockets and 20mm cannon. |- |'''Shooby Shooby Do Yah''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/609s8zcJwuQ0xKhqJnaaemfzSLkgBE7o |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023627/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/609s8zcJwuQ0xKhqJnaaemfzSLkgBE7o |url-status=dead }}</ref> |December 16, 2011, August 2, 2012, December 16, 2012 |02:15, (02:20) |Top Right |- |colspan=4|This vivid video features music by nu-jazz musician Mocean Worker. The music sends a playful locomotive on its way through an archetype of nature, fusing a rhythm melody with jaw-dropping animation. |- |'''3net''' |December 18, 2011 |? |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|? |- |'''Experience 3D (3net)''' |December 21, 2011 |4:06 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Tag along with quarry crews as they carefully prepare charges to dynamite a massive rock face into tiny chunks of rock. |- |'''Zamarat''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/q2O7Dyy6pvzeyRVsRQLzRo2BE2H60msz</ref> |December 20, 2011, July 29, 2012 |00:55 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Emeralds often trap other minerals inside themselves, making them weak and fragile. But as this artistic animation shows, something weak and fragile can be made to create something much more powerful. |- |'''Galaxy''' |December 23, 2011, March 8, 2012, June 8, 2012 |03:40 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Caicedo and his crew rigged two small cameras to his Vespa and filmed a journey through the streets of Paris interweaving with mind-bending 3D animations. |- |'''Star Wars(r) in 3D trailer''' |December 25, 2011 |01:31 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Don't just watch Star Wars(r) in 3D, play LEGO(r) Star Wars(r) III: The Clone Wars(tm) on your Nintendo 3DS(tm)! |- |'''Building the Brand (3net)''' |December 26, 2011 |04:11 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|In the Gibson factory in Nashville, follow the transformation of raw timber into finely crafted precision instruments. |- |'''Nintendo Video Telethon''' |December 26, 2011 |00:22 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Don't miss the first-ever Nintendo Video New Year's Telethon! We'll be running the classics from 2011 and taking your calls and votes! Tune-in [sic] from 6:00 PM EST December 31 until 2:00 AM EST January 2. |- |'''High Octane (3net)''' |December 27, [[2011]] |03:02 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|USA Sportbike Freestyle riders are known best for high energy stunts, drifting, precision wheelies and technical skills. |- |'''Indy 500 [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/NlM-BZFWbpISzhKQy03kwGDXTCBHPy5D |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023636/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/NlM-BZFWbpISzhKQy03kwGDXTCBHPy5D |url-status=dead }}</ref> |December 30, [[2011]], October 26, [[2012]] |02:13 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|As the clock counts down to the Indy 500, pressure builds as teams try to squeeze every ounce of speed from their cars. |- |'''All is Not Lost by OK Go''' (12/31/11 version) |December 31, [[2011]] |03:37 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|The Nintendo Video New Year's Telethon delivers new videos to you every 2 hours! To vote for your favorite call 1-877-752-9866. The Telethon ends at 2:00AM EST January 2. Vote now! |- |'''Nintendo Video Telethon''' |December 31, [[2011]] |01:33 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|The Nintendo Video New Year's Telethon delivers new videos to you every 2 hours! To vote for your favorite call 1-877-752-9866. The Telethon ends at 2:00AM EST January 2. Vote now! |- |'''The Remote (Blue Man Group)''' (1/1/2012 version) |January 1, [[2012]] |04:48 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|The Nintendo Video New Year's Telethon delivers new videos to you every 2 hours! To vote for your favorite call 1-877-752-9866. The Telethon ends at 2:00AM EST January 2. Vote now! |- |'''Nintendo Video Telethon''' |January 1, [[2012]] |00:16 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|We're busy counting kittens to tabulate your votes! The winner of the Nintendo Video New Year's Telethon is coming soon... Tune-in [sic] after 2PM PST January 2 to find out who won! |- |'''Last Year's Resolutions (3net)''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/0x9Sb07CQ4Nr9luq4W2hhb4TBsyfSo3P</ref> |January 1, [[2012]], May 16, [[2012]], February 25, 2013 |04:30 (04:40) |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|In order to win one million dollars, one man will try to do one hundred New Year's Resolutions in one day. |- |'''Dinosaur Office''' |January 2, 2012 |01:49 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Introducing the winner of the first-ever Nintendo Video New Year's Telethon! As the #1 vote-getter of 2011, we're making this video available for an extended run. Enjoy the victory lap! |- |'''Experience 3D [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/XlV273Mb2-SAJquSkrzE-ghNfPEajACO |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023646/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/XlV273Mb2-SAJquSkrzE-ghNfPEajACO |url-status=dead }}</ref> |January 2, 2012, September 29, [[2012]] |03:20 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Ride along on a heart-pounding roller coaster, reaching almost 100 mph and pulling 5 G's, twisting and turning into space. |- |'''Building the Brand [3net]''' |January 5, [[2012]], January 17, 2012 |04:09 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|One car is a masterpiece of craftsmanship and engineering and as each new Rolls Royce is completed, a legend is reborn. |- |'''Dinosaur Office: Volcano''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/JQzb8DPIn6DH7slaKZA3qiTsJO4TxCTQ</ref> |January 8, 2012, September 21, 2013, May 3, 2014, May 21, 2015 |01:30 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Disaster preparedness is important. Rawr! |- |'''Live Fire [3net]''' |January 8, 2012 |02:40 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|At the US Army Reserve training school reservists receive 21 days of intense training before they deploy to Afghanistan. |- |'''Flying Steps [Red Bull]''' |January 9, 2012, November 5, 2012 |03:24 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|In a disused boiler works with heavy water tanks, pipe and steel constructions, parkour artist Ryan Doyle and the "Flying Steps" showcase their mind-blowing moves. |- |'''Son of a Pitch: Y2K''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/XwO5gu0XA-JwGpUceT1PCbI8bIEtrDH6</ref> |January 9, 2012, October 14, [[2012]] |04:30, 04:45 (re-broadcast) |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|In the year 2000, the Y2K virus misfired. Now it's back, and the world as we know it will never be the same again. [Age verification required.] |- |'''High Octane [3net]''' |January 11, [[2012]] |02:25 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|On the South fork of the American River are playboats doing flips on standing waves to six man rafts hurtling the rapids. |- |'''Kirby: Right Back at Ya!''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/Q4Df28RiAV8SezfyovzhyMh7M7TMCwJU |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2013-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120151740/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/Q4Df28RiAV8SezfyovzhyMh7M7TMCwJU |url-status=dead }}</ref> |January 14, [[2012]], February 24, [[2012]], September 15, [[2012]], January 18, [[2013]], July 13, 2013, January 12, 2014, June 16, 2014, June 11, 2015 |04:35 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Kirby's ready for action in part one of this special, two-part 3D episode of Kirby: Right Back at Ya! [6/16/14 text: Watch+Win: Kirby! / Watch Kirby: Right Back at Ya! Volume 1 and enter for a chance to win a download of the Nintendo Video classic!] |- |'''Experience 3D (3net)''' |January 14, 2012 |03:37 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Fly with daring aviators at an air show where mint condition vintage aircraft share the skies with aerobatic stunt planes. |- |'''Underworld Awakening (trailer)''' |January 16, 2012 |01:51 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|When humans discover the existence of Vampires and Lycans, a war to eradicate both species begins. Selene returns to lead the battle against humankind. |- |'''27 Years Later''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/du8SWR4nViCYLTENI5BNzmOkK_SRehQI |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023706/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/du8SWR4nViCYLTENI5BNzmOkK_SRehQI |url-status=dead }}</ref> |January 19, 2012, July 15, 2012 |06:00 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Changing the time. Changing the destiny! [A film by Shinterra.] |- |'''1500 Pound Angry Bull (3net)''' |January 20, 2012 |02:35 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|When a bull rider gets hung up in his rope on 1500 pound angry bull, the bullfighters have only seconds to free the rider. 1500 Pound Angry Bull is part of the Bullproof series on 3net. |- |'''Mega Ramp [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/3ekoW__rvBFGL4rOtuQy0V0dOfOFAHjH |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023711/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/3ekoW__rvBFGL4rOtuQy0V0dOfOFAHjH |url-status=dead }}</ref> |January 23, [[2012]], August 16, 2012 |02:36, 02:39 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|With an 8 story high roll in, 60ft gap and a 30ft quarter pipe, Pro Skater Bob Bumquist's mega ramp is a test of skill. Mega Ramp is part of the High Octane series on 3net. |- |'''Bear Force One (Son of a Pitch)''' |January 23, [[2012]], October 6, [[2012]] |03:57 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|When bears hijack Air Force One, the world's safest plane is going to get Grizzly. [Age verification required.] |- |'''Kirby: Right Back at Ya!''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/HMw9C9NL8atymYR75vFftQFi8hpfHqTa</ref> |January 24, [[2012]], February 26, [[2012]], June 4, [[2012]], September 19, [[2012]], January 25, [[2013]], July 20, 2013, January 18, 2014, June 16, 2014, September 2, 2014 |03:52 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Lobzilla has Kirby on the ropes in part two of this special 3D episode of Kirby: Right Back at Ya! Who can Kirby turn to for help? The answer may surprise you! [6/16/14 text: Watch+Win: Kirby! / Watch Kirby: Right Back at Ya! Volume 2 and enter for a chance to win a download of the Nintendo Video classic!] |- |'''Monkeys of Africa (3net)''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/IxSyIhWAmFT4aQIyKY8rzAnecpbHx5pB</ref> |January 26, [[2012]], September 25, [[2012]] |03:20, 02:16 (re-broadcast?) |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|DeBrazza and Colobus Monkeys are native to Africa, but at an English zoo they squabble over lunch of fruit and vegetables. Monkeys of Africa is part of the Feeding Time series on 3net. |- |'''Red Bull Dirt Pipe''' |January 29, [[2012]] |02:48 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|BMX riders like Jed Mildon board the Red Bull Dirt Pipe, a 20-metre half pipe carved out of Australian red dirt in the middle of the Victorian alpine region. |- |'''Road to Hana (3net)''' |January 29, [[2012]] |02:51 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Drive the Road to Hana where the Pacific laps at lava cliffs just inches from your car on the Hawaiian island of Maui. Road to Hana is part of the Experience 3D series on 3net. |- |'''Cracking the Pyramids (3net)''' |February 1, [[2012]] |03:21 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Brit Eaton explores the pyramids of Giza and using the simple tools, discovers how giant blocks of stone are cut. Cracking the Pyramids is part of The Ancient Life series on 3net. |- |'''Coming Soon!''' |February 1, [[2012]] |00:24 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Coming this Friday to Nintendo Video (tm) -- DROWN IN THE NOW! |- |'''DROWN IN THE NOW''' <ref>http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2012/02/nintendo_download_2nd_february_2012_north_america</ref> |February 3, [[2012]], June 2, [[2012]], November 4, [[2012]] |04:42 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|UVPHACTORY created a graphic black, white and red New York neighborhood that has been infested by small robots. The video culminates with Matisyahu's rescue via boat by the Crystal Method. |- |'''Touchdown University [Son of a Pitch]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/k3tQPZAloDLLkBU4BXTg00o0xBliLe8E |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023726/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/k3tQPZAloDLLkBU4BXTg00o0xBliLe8E |url-status=dead }}</ref> |February 3, [[2012]], September 28, [[2012]], January 29, [[2013]] |04:00 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|You're never too old to go to college, but when a 50-year-old man becomes the star quarterback, being a college senior takes on a whole new meaning. [Age verification required.] |- |'''John Deere - Combines [3net]''' |February 4, [[2012]] |03:09 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Follow the production of the John Deere Combine Harvester. It takes a factory covering 3.5 million square feet to build. John Deere is part of The Building the Brand series on 3net. |- |'''Indoor BMX Tricks [3net]''' |February 7, [[2012]] |03:19 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|In California an international team of BMXers from Chile, the UK and USA push the boundaries of what's possible in BMX. Indoor BMX Tricks is part of the High Octane series on 3 net [sic]. |- |'''Ghost Rider: SOV Trailer''' |February 8, [[2012]] |02:13 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Johnny Blaze teams up with the leader of a group of rebel monks to save a young boy from the devil... and possibly rid himself of his curse forever. [Age verification required.] |- |'''Bouldering [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/7ZqX5nLDFakMoj9remVFtSz_Qj_SQrC3 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023730/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/7ZqX5nLDFakMoj9remVFtSz_Qj_SQrC3 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |February 10, [[2012]], October 11, 2012 |02:55 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Near Bishop CA, Wills and Lisa, a team of fearless boulders, climb without ropes or support to challenge themselves. Bouldering is part of the Experience 3D series on 3net. |- |'''Coming Soon!''' |February 12, [[2012]] |00:29 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Coming this Tuesday to Nintendo Video(tm) - Dinosaur Office Romance! |- |'''Grizzly Encounters [3net]''' |February 13, [[2012]] |02:43 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|With their powerful jaws, extremely muscular frame and long sharp claws, Grizzly Bears should be avoided at all costs. Grizzly Encounters is part of the Feeding Time series on 3net. |- |'''Dinosaur Office: Romance''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/64j7qKDU91ltaCUayODitFyTbYYrf5VW |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2017-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516172951/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/64j7qKDU91ltaCUayODitFyTbYYrf5VW |url-status=dead }}</ref> |February 14, [[2012]], May 10, 2014 |02:03 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Craig deals with matters of the heart. Rawr! |- |'''Part 1: Wallflower Tango''' |February 14, [[2012]] |03:47 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|It takes two to tango, but will Charlotte ever find her partner? |- |'''Part 2: Wallflower Tango''' |February 14, [[2012]] |03:48 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|So far, so good. But when Kalle the Thief is chased away, Charlotte returns to the tango parlor alone. Or is she? |- |'''Amateur Road Race [3net]''' <ref>http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/OemSX496JHgqpq4BWnMbXORpUNsSfwVi</ref> |February 16, [[2012]], October 20, [[2012]] |03:31 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Amateur race car drivers and their eclectic variety of supercharged vehicles are put through their paces near Tucson AZ. Amateur Road Race is part of the Experience 3D series on 3net. |- |'''Snowboarding the Alps [3net]''' |February 19, [[2012]] |02:32 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Follow pro snowboarders Alessandro Boyens and Kobi Wursch downhill as they pull some big rotations high in the Swiss Alps. Snowboarding the Alps is part of the High Octane series on 3net. |- |'''Step 1: Cut Down a Tree [3net]''' |February 22, [[2012]] |03:53 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Spencer and Eugene decide to build the Fort Know of chicken coops, but first they need to cut down a nearby Hickory tree. This video is part of the Hillbilly Blood series on 3net. |- |'''The Descendants''' |February 24, [[2012]] |01:59 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Actress Shailene Woodley shares her admiration for Director Alexander Payne's ability to seamlessly weave dark and light emotions together in this story of a family re-connecting. [Age verification required.] |- |'''Martha Macy interview''' |February 24, [[2012]] |02:32 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Filmmakers and cast believe Martha Macy May Marlene to be a unique experience that takes you into the mindset of the main characters. Above all, this film sets out to tell a story. |- |'''Building Trek Bikes [3net]''' |February 25, [[2012]] |03:10 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|At Trek Bicycle in rural Wisconsin learn how paper thin carbon fiber is transformed into rock solid feather-light frames. Building Trek Bikes is part of the Building the Brand series on 3net. |- |'''Little Boat 3D''' <ref>http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/nwxROBvrxj_DR8fxW9OeQxnOvnpzf6Ef</ref> |February 28, [[2012]], May 20, [[2012]], June 6, [[2012]], December 15, [[2012]], July 4, 2013 |03:59 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|One little boat, one big 3D journey. |- |'''In Darkness interview''' |February 28, [[2012]] |02:43 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Oscar nominated Best Foreign Language Film of the Year in 2012. Director Holland embraces darkness and reality in filming and discusses how her family background influences her work. [Age verification required.] |- |'''Hoisting Sail [3net]''' |February 28, [[2012]] |02:51 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Aboard a replica of an old sailing schooler a group of school kids learn about working together to raise a 3,000 lb sail. Hoisting Sail is part of the Experience 3D series on 3net. |- |'''The Lady interview''' |February 28, [[2012]] |03:04 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|The Lady tells the story of Aung San Suu Kyi leading Burma's democracy movement, and her relationship with her husband. The director discusses the challenges in creating a film based on truth. |- |'''Flying Over Dunes [3net]''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150705013740/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/JLl5DGhefbjDjzbasBpoJnOnXyjluaFz</ref> |March 2, 2012 |? |Top Right |- | colspan="4" |A group of off roaders gather their 800hp, turbo charged sand rails for a day of insane wheelies, slides and monster jumps. This video is part of the High Octane series. |- |'''Habibi Interview''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150705014145/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/P-mZ-m9oAWebcwNUN5jpR_fhw6SZ5ma_</ref> |March 2, [[2012]] |? |? |- | colspan="4" |This film is a modern re-telling of a seventh century love story. The director fell in love and experienced her own romance when filming Habibi in Gaza. |- |'''The Woman in the Fifth''' |March 5, [[2012]] |02:18 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Director Pawlikowski and star Ethan Hawke joke around together. The director sought Hawke to play a characters that ends up on a mysterious journey in Paris. [Age verification required.] |- |'''NYC Cabbie competition''' |March 5, [[2012]] |02:24 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|The New York City taxi system is a marvel of individual bussinessmen. Discover how the 48,000 cabbies compete for business. This video is part of the Super Systems series on 3net. |- |'''Pancake Monster''' |March 5, [[2012]] |03:11 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|When diner owner Dave suffers monster nightmares, Dream Defenders Zane and Zoey travel to the Dreamworlds to rescue Dave. Pancake Monster is part of the Dream Defenders series on 3net. |- |'''[[Shaun the Sheep]]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/Ak3Luf7mhm_NKumZs_OGtoGVSKC5ali |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023749/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/Ak3Luf7mhm_NKumZs_OGtoGVSKC5ali |url-status=dead }}</ref> |March 7, [[2012]] (rerunning) |rerunning |Unknown |- |colspan=4|Watch episodes of Shaun the Sheep every Wednesday on Nintendo Video in 3D! |- |'''Kid Icarus 3D Anime [Thanatos Rising – Part 1]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/Ak3Luf7mhm_NKumZs_OGotGVKSKC5a1i |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2012-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614070554/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/Ak3Luf7mhm_NKumZs_OGotGVKSKC5a1i |url-status=dead }}</ref> |March 8, [[2012]], May 7, [[2012]], September 6, [[2012]], September 10, 2013, March 10, 2014 |03:07 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Pit, the heroic angel, must battle against one of Medusa's generals - all in glorious 3D! |- |'''Climbing a Cliff of Ice [3net]''' |March 8, [[2012]] |03:32 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Ice climbers demonstrate the techniques and tools needed to scale overhanging rocks and ice pillars of a solid ice cliff. This video is part of the High Octane series. |- |'''Blip: Flag Hog [3net]''' |March 8, [[2012]], October 23, [[2012]] |02:43 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Bolts & Blip are just average everyday robots who finally get their wish to play in the Lunar League of Robotic Sports. This video is part of the Bolt [sic] & Blip series. |- |'''Kid Icarus 3D Anime [Thanatos Rising – Part 2]''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/2ZXnXPac7rKq9SmvXtt-ms0hs86KAG32</ref> |March 10, [[2012]], May 7, [[2012]], September 9, [[2012]], September 17, 2013, March 16, 2014 |03:00 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Pit, the heroic angel, soars as he chases down Thanatos, God of Death, to stop his evil machine from destroying a city. |- |'''Cruisin' the PCH''' |March 12, [[2012]] |02:47 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|The Pacific Coast Highway, that fabled ribbon of road, is a favorite of drivers who cruise the PCH in their vintage cars. This video is part of the Experience 3D series. |- |'''Kid Icarus 3D Anime [Thanatos Rising – Part 3]''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/EWf-mbXPhV-M-nJHmRK1DIcy3JG9SLtG</ref> |March 13, [[2012]], May 7, [[2012]], c. September 12, 2012 (?), September 22, 2013, March 22, 2014 |03:00 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Pit and Thanatos square off in the ultimate battle to the end. Who will reign victorious? |- |'''Kayak Dreams [3net]''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150705015850/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/meXNb4W0rrzuc8CPmE_DMiRcXHl91Msi</ref> |March 16, 2012 |? |? |- | colspan="4" |Professional kayaker Steve Fisher makes several assents on the snow run-off of the rivers in Northern Minnesota. |- |'''Kid Icarus 3D Anime''' [Studio 4°C] <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/-2MV4-h-wbHxZ015c5F-FhUnZvKRRmMg |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2012-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609045744/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/-2MV4-h-wbHxZ015c5F-FhUnZvKRRmMg |url-status=dead }}</ref> |March 16, [[2012]], April 29, [[2012]], August 30, 2012, June 11, 2013, January 26, 2014 |02:55 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|"Medusa’s Revenge" (From Studio 4°C): Learn of the tale of Medusa (Goddess of the Underworld) and Palutena's rivalry, which stretches from far into Pit's past right up to the present day. |- |'''Kid Icarus 3D Anime''' [Shaft Inc.] <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/IZFFzleyWInRR0Q9nsgyFEn6qLo7qeUj |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2012-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120607122504/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/IZFFzleyWInRR0Q9nsgyFEn6qLo7qeUj |url-status=dead }}</ref> |March 19, [[2012]], May 2, [[2012]], c. October 5, 2013?, c. June 9, 2015? |03:46 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|"Palutena's Revolting Dinner – Part 1" from (Shaft Inc.): Palutena, Goddess of Light, has halted the vegetable's [sic] revolt to destroy Skyworld...or has she? |- |'''Next Time!''' |March 20, [[2012]] |00:24 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|NEXT TIME on Nintendo Video(tm): B.o.B. "So Good" -- Coming this Wednesday! |- |'''B.o.B "So Good"''' [Atlantic Records] <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/gnIZhuPvYNTuNphYw-IPVhxe25iKOTnJ</ref> |March 21, [[2012]], April 6, [[2012]], April 25, [[2012]], December 23, [[2012]], February 2, [[2013]] |03:36, 03:41 (re-broadcast), 03:36 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|B.o.B takes you around the world with the video for his latest single "So Good". This Justin Francis-directed video was shot in Buenos Aires and is available in 3D exclusively on Nintendo Video! |- |'''Wale "Sabotage"''' [Warner Bros. Records] <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/STKvcVtrGm_pM1T87Lvvgj5m_aIAovN- |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023823/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/STKvcVtrGm_pM1T87Lvvgj5m_aIAovN- |url-status=dead }}</ref> |March 20, [[2012]], August 26, [[2012]], April 1, 2013, August 18, 2013 |04:52, 04:57 (re-broadcast), 04:52 (re-broadcast) |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|"Sabotage" is Wale’s latest single from his sophomore album “Ambition”. The video tells a story about high school love and features special guest singer Lloyd and a laid-back guitar riff. |- |'''Kid Icarus 3D Anime''' [Shaft Inc.] |March 24, [[2012]], May 2, [[2012]], October 8, 2013, June 11, 2015 |03:54 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|"Palutena's Revolting Dinner – Part 2" from (Shaft Inc.): Palutena, Goddess of Light, has halted the vegetable's [sic] revolt to destroy Skyworld...or has she? |- |'''Next Time!''' |March 27, [[2012]] |00:27 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Next Time on Nintendo Video(tm): OK Go World Premiere "Skyscrapers" Coming this Thursday! |- |'''Nintendo Video Exclusive [Nintendo/Evan Baily]''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/RyMKutDMBiCaGd36ASjaJKkvfnaNEkfq</ref> |March 28, [[2012]] |00:14 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Next Time on Nintendo Video(tm): Nintendo Video Exclusive Coming this Sunday! |- |'''Icela Sets a Trap [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/XgGSjaLE0Mn8CMuVnFysOn0XSm6jes_T |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023833/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/XgGSjaLE0Mn8CMuVnFysOn0XSm6jes_T |url-status=dead }}</ref> |March 29, [[2012]] |03:26 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Zane and Zoey must travel to the Dreamworlds to save Dave's haunted dream-self, but Dreamworld's Icela is setting a trap. This video is part of the Dream Defenders series. |- |'''OK Go "Skyscrapers"''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/8SORm5uUsad4owRReMfwL7Wp4em9NrMK |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2017-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510130936/https://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/8SORm5uUsad4owRReMfwL7Wp4em9NrMK/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |March 29, [[2012]], April 6, [[2012]], April 23, [[2012]], September 1, 2013, February 7, 2014 |04:21, 03:38 (re-broadcast), 03:33 (re-broadcast) |Top Left |- |colspan=4|The new video for OK Go's haunting track, Skyscrapers, follows a tango, the quintessentially dreamy and romantic street dance, through a gritty, yet vibrant, urban rainbow. [Orig. airing, last 45 seconds is a preview of The Shins "The Rifle Spiral".] |- |'''Red Bull: Crashed Ice''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/HxSVLpjZJaJUXhIeP5rqIEM-ExxzF6iq |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023843/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/HxSVLpjZJaJUXhIeP5rqIEM-ExxzF6iq |url-status=dead }}</ref> |March 31, [[2012]] |00:55 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Downhill Ice Cross has never felt more real. Check out what it feels like to be one of the top athletes competing in the Red Bull Crashed Ice World Series. |- |'''Million Dollar Race Car [3net]''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/DhecwuXA5_fUe-WCEUWPm6eGqc3ZEkwk</ref> |April 1, [[2012]] (?) |? |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|A look at the high tech and custom components that make an Indy car one of the most sophisticated machines on the planet. This video is part of the Indy 500 series. |- |'''Stereoscopic 3D Imaging [Nintendo Video]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/-LstHSpXrnVPi1uDl9x4dyj2_LQ-4HBv |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023852/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/-LstHSpXrnVPi1uDl9x4dyj2_LQ-4HBv |url-status=dead }}</ref> |April 1, [[2012]] (?) |? |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Take a special tour behind the scenes and get a glimpse into the science behind 3D imaging. Don’t miss this special opportunity, only on Nintendo Video. |- |'''The Shins Preview''' |April 3, [[2012]] |00:37 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|This Friday April 6th, World Premiere music video from The Shins "The Rifle's Spiral". |- |'''Explore Angkor Wat [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/3cvh5YXzcYPY0OKpweFOSr5McOTC5B_N |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023857/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/3cvh5YXzcYPY0OKpweFOSr5McOTC5B_N |url-status=dead }}</ref> |April 4, [[2012]], October 5, [[2012]] |02:33 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|The temple of Angkor Wat was once the center of Cambodia's vast Khmer Empire until it was mysteriously abandoned. Explore Angkor Wat is part of The Ancient Life series on 3net. |- |'''The Rifle's Spiral''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/-EOfTjznPoHbNoFcvJr6qgrhfvO5RAG3 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2017-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516194407/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/-EOfTjznPoHbNoFcvJr6qgrhfvO5RAG3 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |April 6, [[2012]] (Part 1), April 13, [[2012]], April 29, [[2012]], December 5, [[2012]], February 28, [[2013]], August 22, 2013, February 5, 2014, March 29, 2014 |02:08 (Part 1), 03:57, 03:38 (April 29, 2012 re-broadcast), 04:02 (June 2, 2012 re-broadcast), 03:33 (subsequent re-broadcasts) |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Shot in stop-motion animation, award-winning director Jamie Caliri's new video masterfully compliments [sic] The Shins' latest track. The dramatic setting and unique characters make this a must-see. [Last 25 seconds is a preview of I Fight Dragons "Save World Get Girl".] |- |'''Off Road Dune Buggies [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/PwUhHLMPgd0MlEPtd1hM0e7XuiTn75AX |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023907/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/PwUhHLMPgd0MlEPtd1hM0e7XuiTn75AX |url-status=dead }}</ref> |April 7, [[2012]] |03:10 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|In Dumont Dunes petrol heads are out in force with their souped-up quads, stretch quads and side by side utility vehicles. Off Road Dune Buggies is part of the High Octane series on 3net. |- |'''Freestyle Motocross [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/dzfldGcgnDlqrDnGr6vOsG_aMdHlgSyv |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023912/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/dzfldGcgnDlqrDnGr6vOsG_aMdHlgSyv |url-status=dead }}</ref> |April 9, [[2012]], April 28, [[2012]], October 2, [[2012]] |03:52 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Freestyle Motocross guru, Mike Metzger opens his facility for the guys to pull huge backflips, tail whips and Superman's [sic]. Freestyle Motocross Crazy is part of the High Octane series on 3net. |- |'''Unexplored Carlsbad [3net]''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/S813LuuTBi6mFkkeVVRXRrC_3au0yNoq</ref> |April 10, [[2012]] |03:12 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Carlsbad Caverns, one of the deepest limestone caves in America, covers over 8 acres and is a quarter of a mile in length. Unexplored Carlsbad Caverns is part of the Wonders series on 3net. |- |'''Coming Soon!''' |April 10, [[2012]] |00:29 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Coming this Saturday to Nintendo Video (tm) -- Death Cab for Cutie "Underneath the Sycamore." |- |'''Inline Skate Stunts [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/K9HuqgHvRYjaE_ODqjIrQovBNsARdIdJ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023922/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/K9HuqgHvRYjaE_ODqjIrQovBNsARdIdJ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |April 13, [[2012]] |04:26 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Pro inline skaters Brian Shima and Chris Haffey are doing back flips on the vert ramps and clearing big gaps on the bowls. Inline Skate Stunts is part of the High Octane series on 3net. |- |'''Death Cab for Cutie''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/paZaDq_5K1I6i2msNmK-Dw4Bgx_a4spB |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023927/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/paZaDq_5K1I6i2msNmK-Dw4Bgx_a4spB |url-status=dead }}</ref> |April 13, [[2012]] |04:10 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Set to the distinctive sounds of Death Cab’s “Underneath the Sycamore,” this video has a unique, old-time comic book feel. Follow this investigation into a tragic story and the search for peace. [Last 25 seconds is a preview of I Fight Dragons "Save World Get Girl".] |- |'''Fixin' a Saw Mill [3net]''' |April 16, 2012 |? |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|To build Spenser's chicken coop, they need to fix a neighbor's sawmill to cut the lumber from the tree they cut down. Fixin' a Saw Mill is part of the Hillbilly Blood series on 3net. |- |'''?''' |? |? |Top Right |- |colspan=4|[Rerun of episode from Dinosaur Office Season 1.] |- |'''Painting a Gibson [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/XubUbXP0LOdeRkUSC1cVJu5LrR8ldeHw |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023931/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/XubUbXP0LOdeRkUSC1cVJu5LrR8ldeHw |url-status=dead }}</ref> |April 19, 2012 |03:22 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|In the Gibson factory in Nashville, follow the transformation of raw timber into finely crafted precision instruments. This video is part of the Building the Brand series. |- |'''Viral Videos [Dinosaur Office]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/0SsoKazcqpKJd9oIBmasEBj6KxwffKrP |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023936/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/0SsoKazcqpKJd9oIBmasEBj6KxwffKrP |url-status=dead }}</ref> |April 20, [[2012]], January 5, [[2013]], February 5, [[2013]], May 29, 2013, December 10, 2013, June 11, 2015 |01:45 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|The dinos slack off at work with some prehistoric epic fails. "Best of 2012: Comedy!" Dinosaur Office continued to reign supreme on Nintendo Video in 2012. In this classic episode, the dinos slack off at work with some prehistoric epic fails. [1/5/13 rerun text] The dinos slack off at work with some prehistoric epic fails. [2/5/13 rerun text] |- |'''Coming Soon!''' |April 21, [[2012]] |00:22 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Coming this Saturday to Nintendo Video (tm) -- I Fight Dragons -- "Save World Get Girl" |- |'''Grand Central Station [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/vMKdUJEDNZvESmuiQaZ9bdy5a2jbImhJ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023941/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/vMKdUJEDNZvESmuiQaZ9bdy5a2jbImhJ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |April 22, [[2012]] |03:27 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Tens of thousands of passengers pass through NYC's Grand Central Station using just 4 tracks to serve 700 trains per day. Arriving Grand Central Station is part of the Super Systems series on 3net. |- |'''I Fight Dragons''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/4Vyy7PO99r4mI5TwpN7fQmYUGbenpUwh |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2015-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622123404/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/4Vyy7PO99r4mI5TwpN7fQmYUGbenpUwh |url-status=dead }}</ref> |April 23, [[2012]], May 11, [[2012]], June 4, 2012, November 13, 2012, December 20, 2012, March 14, 2013 |02:52, 02:57, 02:51 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|If you love video games, you'll love this hilarious video from chiptunes experts I Fight Dragons! Follow the band's adventure through space as they battle aliens and monsters to "Save World Get Girl." |- |'''Feeding Giraffes [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/k1UnwGE0HLRCegGrhX-VeCQjtPlhuia3 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023950/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/k1UnwGE0HLRCegGrhX-VeCQjtPlhuia3 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |April 25, [[2012]], October 14, [[2012]] |02:17 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|A Giraffe's huge 18 inch blue tongue reaches around and avoids the thorns of the Acacia tree to strip off the leaves. Feeding Giraffes is part of the Feeding Time series on 3net. |- |'''Next Time!''' |c. April 27, [[2012]] |00:2? |Bottom right |- |colspan=4|[Kid Icarus anime re-runs] |- |'''Next Time!''' |c. April 27, [[2012]] |00:2? |Bottom right |- |colspan=4|[Kid Icarus anime re-runs] |- |'''Accidental Battle Bots [3net]''' |May 1, [[2012]] |03:39 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Bolts & Blip are just a couple of utility robots when a computer glitch causes them to be chosen the next Battle Bots. Accidental Battle Bots is part of the Bolts & Blip series on 3net. |- |'''When Forks Attack [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/vMKdUJEDNZvESmuiQaZ9bdy5a2jbImhJ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023941/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/vMKdUJEDNZvESmuiQaZ9bdy5a2jbImhJ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |May 4, [[2012]] |03:00 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Zane and Zoey enter Dave's nightmare and find themselves under attack by a monster made of appliances and kitchen utensils. When Forks Attack is part of the Dream Defenders series on 3net. |- |'''Tandem Free Fall [3net]''' |May 6, [[2012]] |03:44 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Down in Deland, Florida, a Mecca for skydivers, leap into the clear blue skies in a tandem free fall, all caught in 3D. Tandem Free Fall is part of the Experience 3D series on 3net. |- |'''Downhill Skateboard [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/kBJNbTmm83Jq0k2Jxv5OQWx5Pez9diKK |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023954/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/kBJNbTmm83Jq0k2Jxv5OQWx5Pez9diKK |url-status=dead }}</ref> |May 9, [[2012]] |03:16 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|In Santa Monica a crew of downhill skateboarders tear down winding mountain roads, slide round corners and reach 50 mph. Extreme Downhill Skateboard is part of the High Octane series on 3net. |- |'''The Cove 2 [Jump! Creative]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/yHgVTCIJ0nsYp3VE-ovhEILWKQaa7VOR |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601023959/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/yHgVTCIJ0nsYp3VE-ovhEILWKQaa7VOR |url-status=dead }}</ref> |May 11, [[2012]], April 19, 2013 |04:11, 03:48 (re-run) |Top Left |- |colspan=4|There are 170 million dolphins in the ocean. We thought they were friendly, but they’ve had enough and they’re out for revenge. [Son of a Pitch] |- |'''Dinosaur Office: Office Party''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/vvPpnj4NofFvuuj10OB_gA52Ed7cTNel</ref> |May 11, [[2012]], February 7, [[2013]], June 8, 2013, June 11, 2013 |02:13 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|An after-work party leads to a dinosaur cat fight. |- |'''Corvette Beginnings [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/XktI6w8jcYKMtuTroFQHGIb3Mx2fsclF |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024005/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/XktI6w8jcYKMtuTroFQHGIb3Mx2fsclF |url-status=dead }}</ref> |May 12, [[2012]] |03:26 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Get a glimpse at the almost 60 year history of the awesome Chevrolet Corvette and watch as a new Vette begins to be built. Extreme Corvette Beginnings is part of the Building the Brand series on 3net. |- |'''Big Buck Bunny''' |May 16, [[2012]] |04:07 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Will Big Bug Bunny ever be able to enjoy the peaceful sunny days again? |- |'''Wakeboard Super Stunts [3net]''' |May 15, [[2012]] |03:10 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Pro Wakeboarders take turns being towed behind a 400BHP at up to 40mph, all in the name of big air and huge spins. Wakeboard Super Stunts is part of the High Octane series on 3net. |- |'''MIB3 [Men In Black 3] Trailer [Sony Pictures]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/pdmH4eZxdoVYjSjgpIZGJmuQwwADWuv8 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024010/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/pdmH4eZxdoVYjSjgpIZGJmuQwwADWuv8 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |May 15, [[2012]] |02:31 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Secrets reveal themselves as Agent J travels back in time to MIB's early years in the 1960s to save his partner, the agency, and the future of humankind. |- |'''Haulin' Rock [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/-5WznRDnL9y3WpDRilWxzSwowukXVvEp |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024014/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/-5WznRDnL9y3WpDRilWxzSwowukXVvEp |url-status=dead }}</ref> |May 15, [[2012]] |03:41 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Massive rock haulers, 30 feet high and carrying 70 tons of rock each, work to transport rock to crushers for road projects. Haulin' Rock is part of the Experience 3D series on 3net. |- |'''Rodeo Clown [3net]''' |May 22, [[2012]] |03:23 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Cody Sosebee is a top ranked rodeo clown and while it looks like fun and games, he knows how it can quickly turn dangerous. Rodeo Clown is part of the Bullproof series on 3net. |- |'''Coming Soon!''' |May 23, 2011 |00:27 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Coming this Friday to Nintendo Video (tm) -- Guys' Night Out! |- |'''BMX Big Jumps [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/ZvvDb8lgde0vKf4-4Aa0m5l9IXzYAwBz |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024020/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/ZvvDb8lgde0vKf4-4Aa0m5l9IXzYAwBz |url-status=dead }}</ref> |May 24, [[2012]] |03:49 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Pulling massive air off dirt jumps in the sleepy suburbs, BMX pro Heath Pinter his crew have built a huge array of jumps. BMX Big Jumps is part of the High Octane series on 3net. |- |'''Guys' Night Out [Dinosaur Office]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/kSnjtgOisRplSRSBKCU1GGp4iaUw6c2W |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024025/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/kSnjtgOisRplSRSBKCU1GGp4iaUw6c2W |url-status=dead }}</ref> |May 24, [[2012]], February 9, [[2013]], June 18, 2013, January 26, 2014, June 5, 2014 |03:49, 02:13 (re-run), 02:30 (re-run) |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|The dinos go out to eat or be eaten. [6/5/14 re-run included preview of The Summer of Shaun (Shaun the Sheep).] |- |'''Prometheus 3D Trailer''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/3dsdetail/Vj6Bxj2WKX0O54f000mpMT1YtdD1bOi1 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2013-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515084739/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/3dsdetail/Vj6Bxj2WKX0O54f000mpMT1YtdD1bOi1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |May 25, [[2012]] |02:30 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|A team of explorers discover a clue to the origins of mankind on Earth, leading them on a thrilling journey to the darkest corners of the universe to save the future of the human race. [Age verification required.] |- |'''Madagascar 3 Trailer''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/VvCo4FeX-vZIGPRfNMNshyo8Jm6LzjVm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2019-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215024828/https://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/VvCo4FeX-vZIGPRfNMNshyo8Jm6LzjVm |url-status=dead }}</ref> |May 26, [[2012]] (updated May 30, 2012) |02:25 (updated version 02:24) |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Alex, Marty, Gloria, and Melman journey through Europe in a traveling circus as they fight to get home to the Big Apple. |- |'''Great Pyramid [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/YjuWy9MQTY69tsSQ6p8SpEy91LW_mRm2 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024113/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/YjuWy9MQTY69tsSQ6p8SpEy91LW_mRm2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |May 27, [[2012]] |03:25 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Join host Brit Eaton as he explores Egypt's pyramids and the continuing mystery and secrets that lie beneath the surface. Great Pyramid is part of the Ancient Life series on 3net. |- |'''Clearing a Room [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/ymXQFAHXhCfDF5X5Mj64A8c6YBqhN9AM |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024117/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/ymXQFAHXhCfDF5X5Mj64A8c6YBqhN9AM |url-status=dead }}</ref> |May 30, 2012 |04:59 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Before being sent to Afghanistan, a company of reservists learn to clear a room in such a way that it minimizes the danger. Clearing a Room is part of the Live Fire series on 3net. |- |'''Meat or Die''' |June 2, 2012, May 20, 2013, October 17, 2013, June 9, 2014, June 11, 2014, July 17, 2014 |02:00, 01:30 (re-broadcast), 02:01 (re-broadcast) |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Once upon a time in the future, there are two hungry dinosaurs... Meet Yans and Gans. They're not too smart. But they're hungry and hunting for meat! Will they ever fill their bellies? [October 17, 2013 version includes preview of new series.] [Re-run text: It's a Marathon: Tune-in [sic] to win! Yans! and Gans! aren't too smart. But they're hungry and hunting for meat! Will they ever fill their bellies?] |- |'''THREEDIOTS Episode 1''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/4eT3pxlRsRs3c9TqjfAcWGbwwBonyNwR |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024122/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/4eT3pxlRsRs3c9TqjfAcWGbwwBonyNwR |url-status=dead }}</ref> |June 6, 2012 (updated June 8, 2012?), September 6, 2013 |04:02, 03:28 (re-broadcast) |Top Left |- |colspan=4|3D Pulp Comedy |- |'''Bring Your Child To Work [Dinosaur Office]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/in2xall0uIkCuhZC22GuG3TN63BQ2YWK |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024127/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/in2xall0uIkCuhZC22GuG3TN63BQ2YWK |url-status=dead }}</ref> |June 8, [[2012]], February 11, [[2013]] (re-run), June 28, 2013, August 28, 2014, June 11, 2015 |01:54 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Kids can be such a mouthful. |- |'''Flying Steps Crew [Red Bull]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/kKUYFvfkwQuiL9Cadw9v-XfI6z9hP6GZ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024132/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/kKUYFvfkwQuiL9Cadw9v-XfI6z9hP6GZ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |June 10, 2012, July 26, 2012, May 4, 2013, May 8, 2013, July 16, 2013 |03:01, 02:59 (re-broadcast) |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Red Bull’s Flying Steps Crew join forces with Ryan Doyle to bring breakdance and parkour into the same playground. |- |'''THREEDIOTS Ep. 2''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/ScbTkPknnZ_09QN2T-_89r7FTQL8-pIb</ref> |June 14, 2012 |04:55 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Grizzled 3D filmmaker Chazz McSlade captures Burke and Lola in a net and hijacks the show. |- |'''Amazing Spider-Man''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/4N-XgVfXmnqKerCTUF5eahDH3yiP4XhY |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024142/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/4N-XgVfXmnqKerCTUF5eahDH3yiP4XhY |url-status=dead }}</ref> |June 14, 2012 |02:32 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|One of the world's most popular characters is back on the big screen as a new chapter in the Spider-Man legacy is revealed in The Amazing Spider-Man™. |- |'''Visit Yellowstone [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/LIH5H2Mld9TNF_w6hW8W-VwxUYYGDJSc |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024147/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/LIH5H2Mld9TNF_w6hW8W-VwxUYYGDJSc |url-status=dead }}</ref> |June 15, 2012 |02:53 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Tour in 3D Yellowstone; the national park defined by fire and water. This untouched wilderness is a geothermal wonderland. Visit Yellowstone is part of the American Made series on 3net. |- |'''Ollies and Nollies [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/opxbYrWnv6YsLCaPR3FUEAEjdTgHXPtF |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024152/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/opxbYrWnv6YsLCaPR3FUEAEjdTgHXPtF |url-status=dead }}</ref> |June 18, 2012 |03:59 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|We find the perfect skateboard park to explain and demonstrate the basics of the Ollie, the Nollie and then the Kick Flip. Ollies and Nollies is part of the High Octane series on 3net. |- |'''THREEDIOTS Ep. 3''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/JDvoG9zXgLghIqKKxjYy9tyxUTiUAQEv |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024156/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/JDvoG9zXgLghIqKKxjYy9tyxUTiUAQEv |url-status=dead }}</ref> |June 21, 2012 |04:00 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|The show is taken over by tech billionaire Pete Mackey. |- |'''The National Fruit? [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/EacorNMwDYPp5zQx26pa38oRnKmOhrHV |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024201/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/EacorNMwDYPp5zQx26pa38oRnKmOhrHV |url-status=dead }}</ref> |June 21, 2012 |? |? |- |colspan=4|Discover the system that transformed the humble cranberry into a world-favorite and go deep into the Cranberry bog country. The National Fruit is part of the Super Systems series on 3net. |- |'''Dinosaur Office: Elevator''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/hQi54ILQlcv12Xrm7yb7fBLTceXCCTxH |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024206/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/hQi54ILQlcv12Xrm7yb7fBLTceXCCTxH |url-status=dead }}</ref> |June 22, 2012, February 13, 2013, July 9, 2013, September 5, 2014 |02:33 (re-run 01:40) |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Love has its ups and downs. |- |'''Gym Class Heroes' "The Fighter"''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/_r-LBEBKuaCoFwEi2bb--P9SSottuAaH</ref> |June 22, 2012, July 22, 2012, December 14, 2012, December 29, 2012, March 7, 2013 |04:30 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Gym Class Heroes, in their latest video, “The Fighter” (featuring Ryan Tedder), follow Olympic gymnastic hopeful John Orozco’s quest for the glory at this Summer’s games in London. [12/29 title: "Best of 2012: Music!"] re-run text: Gym Class Heroes, in their video, “The Fighter” (featuring Ryan Tedder), follow Olympic gymnastic John Orozco in his quest for glory. |- |'''Insect Eating Machines [3net]''' |June 24, 2012 |02:55 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|In this clip from "Bugs", narrated by Judi Dench, learn why insects like the Praying Mantis, are such fearsome hunters. Insect Eating Machines is part of the Bug series on 3net. |- |'''Linkin Park "Burn it Down" [Warner Bros.] ''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/7pJsE9EmjKEn14K7-pZWtK7U0UlPvMTD |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2019-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221091612/https://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/7pJsE9EmjKEn14K7-pZWtK7U0UlPvMTD |url-status=dead }}</ref> |June 26, 2012, November 10, 2012, January 2, 2013, February 3, 2013, May 28, 2013, December 2, 2013, May 1, 2014, March 11, 2015, June 25, 2015 |04:24 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Check out the 3D video premiere of Linkin Park's debut single , "BURN IT DOWN" from their new album, LIVING THINGS. Rolling Stone magazine hails the song as "one of their best singles yet." [1/2/13 rerun text] "Best of 2012: Music!" Nintendo Video premiered 3D video of Linkin Park's hit single , "BURN IT DOWN," from their new album, LIVING THINGS. Rolling Stone magazine hailed the song as "one of their best singles yet." [2/3/13, 12/2/13, etc. rerun text] Check out the 3D video of Linkin Park's debut single , "BURN IT DOWN" from their new album, LIVING THINGS. Rolling Stone magazine hails the song as "one of their best singles yet." |- |'''Rushing the Bull [3net]''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150705011842/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/RDxchKg4IU2FPIYzv4wJnTP6xpERDkfA</ref> |June 27, 2012 |? |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Bull Fighter Brandon's enthusiasm causes him to rush the bull too quickly, putting himself and the bull rider at risk. Rushing the Bull is part of the Bullproof series on 3net. |- |'''THREEDIOTS Ep. 4 [CONSOLIDATED BAILY INC.]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/B5LzBgJ0tHoGC9k7LQcdz3JR17WylxNQ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024220/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/B5LzBgJ0tHoGC9k7LQcdz3JR17WylxNQ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |June 28, 2012 |04:31 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Chazz McSlade returns and screens his gladiator epic, "Double Sword." |- |'''Coming Soon!''' |July 2, 2012 |00:30 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Shake Ya Boogie |- |'''Momok's Attack [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/4Ox2SDT0K6JLN-jE64Rlp5S4Z4V7ynbq |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024225/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/4Ox2SDT0K6JLN-jE64Rlp5S4Z4V7ynbq |url-status=dead }}</ref> |June 30, [[2012]] |03:47 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Zoey and Zane try to learn the reason behind Dave's nightmare all the while dodging attacks by a deadly Momok and capture by Icela. Momok's Attack is part of the Dream Defenders series on 3net. |- |'''Shake Ya Boogie [Mowo!, Inc.] ''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/JhYitNXEumnz2LOb3hzt_k7aK2kJ7Qe5 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024229/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/JhYitNXEumnz2LOb3hzt_k7aK2kJ7Qe5 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |July 2, 2012, November 8, 2012, January 25, 2013, June 6, 2013, June 11, 2013 |03:09 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Ever wonder how music gets made? Mocean Worker invites you inside his special little music factory to see how its done. Join dancing wrenches, bouncing machines, and music doctors and have some fun! |- |'''City of Monuments [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/XFCrJPQRXC9z_iitEuF7bNDZzGEt6P1H |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024236/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/XFCrJPQRXC9z_iitEuF7bNDZzGEt6P1H |url-status=dead }}</ref> |July 4, 2012 |03:00 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Washington, DC is a city of monuments and the purposeful layout of the capitol inspires awe in visitors and locals alike. City of Monuments is part of the Experience 3D series on 3net. |- |'''Ice Age: Continental Drift [20th Century Fox ]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/d0zeuY1oysWPIjRYXvWhRjMPTNY7AxRC |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024241/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/d0zeuY1oysWPIjRYXvWhRjMPTNY7AxRC |url-status=dead }}</ref> |July 5, 2012 |02:30 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Scrat's nutty pursuit of the cursed acorn, which he’s been after since the dawn of time, has world-changing consequences – a continental cataclysm that triggers the greatest adventure of all. |- |'''Team Building [Dinosaur Office, CollegeHumor] ''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/fk3hFaa-ybZEwaYBx63v6JOAUqOGi8oD</ref> |July 6, 2012, July 19, 2013, November 29, 2014 |02:36 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|The dinos need to learn to work together before the company goes extinct. |- |'''Kiteboarding Thrills [3net]''' |July 7, 2012 |04:24 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Travel up to 50 mph, jump up to 30 or 40 feet in the air and flip upside down; all part of the fun of kiteboarding on land. Kiteboarding Thrills is part of the High Octane series on 3net. |- |'''To Build Angkor Wat [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/soCpIjAAVoPzy-ZMGXEkLNxsya2OROx- |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024250/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/soCpIjAAVoPzy-ZMGXEkLNxsya2OROx- |url-status=dead }}</ref> |July 12, 2012 |03:30 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Built by the Khmer Empire in the 12th century, over 50,000 stone masons took 40 years to create the Angkor Wat complex. To Build Angkor Wat is part of the Ancient Life series on 3net. |- |'''THREEDIOTS Episode 5 [CONSOLIDATED BAILY INC.]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/pdFk18UziN7NPSskmPbTuWWziCxuNuag |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024255/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/pdFk18UziN7NPSskmPbTuWWziCxuNuag |url-status=dead }}</ref> |July 12, 2012 |03:30, 03:14 (re-broadcast) |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Burke falls under the spell of an evil happy-face mug. |- |'''Big Time Rush "Windows Down" [Columbia Records / Nickelodeon]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/DlecFwN5B5-SmjVSZGxtPO5eTf8rkQhU |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2014-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809093041/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/dlecfwn5b5-smjvszgxtpo5etf8rkqhu |url-status=dead }}</ref> |July 13, [[2012]], September 25, [[2012]], December 30, [[2012]], May 11, 2013, September 13, 2013, March 1, 2014 |03:29 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Conceived by Carlos Pena, this video, filmed in Maui showcases an action packed day in BTR’s life. A beautiful landscape and sneak peek at the adventures they get up to, makes this video unmissable! |- |'''Aerial Stunts [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/LFFRljWq_3k7algnTGQ3Gl8CVd6dP0E2 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024304/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/LFFRljWq_3k7algnTGQ3Gl8CVd6dP0E2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |July 14, 2012 |03:03 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|The AT-6 Texan helped WWII pilots earn their wings. Demonstrating maneuvers that pilots still learn, the AT-6 did it first. Aerial Stunts is part of the Oceana Air Show series on 3net. |- |'''Coming Soon!''' |July 19, 2012 |00:27 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Coming this Friday to Nintendo Video (tm) -- Dinosaur Office: Sick Day! |- |'''Log Explosion [3net]''' |July 18, [[2012]] |03:27 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Spencer and Eugene decide to split a lot for a fence using a black powder device that saves time, but is more dangerous. Log Explosion is part of the Hillbilly Blood series on 3net. |- |'''THREEDIOTS Episode 6''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/NK3dIe0zulXRDxQMRA4jRYQVw4yzfbZ8 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024310/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/NK3dIe0zulXRDxQMRA4jRYQVw4yzfbZ8 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |July 19, [[2012]], March 4, 2014 |03:52 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Can Burke save Lola -- and stop Mug from totally enslaving all of humanity? |- |'''Sick Day [Dinosaur Office, CollegeHumor]''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/1VouU9uaPP46-vNXDjMiaFbqi8Qr8l_l</ref> |July 20, [[2012]], March 14, 2013, July 26, 2013, March 18, 2015 |02:33 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|There's no cure for coworkers. |- |'''Meet the Superstar [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/W-itaY1c3MQJW38tt-IXcPAUH6wMwd10 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024321/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/W-itaY1c3MQJW38tt-IXcPAUH6wMwd10 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |July 21, [[2012]], November 1, [[2012]] |03:28 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Blip's efforts to get to know new teammate Saedee come to a screeching halt when he runs into (literally) TiGr Jaxxson. This video is part of the Bolt [sic] & Blip series on 3net. |- |'''Momoks at the Movies [3net]''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150705012758/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/zHIRuv0aIDrOPhS0CiapEXb-vAXe08RW</ref> |July 24, 2012 |? |? |- | colspan="4" |Evil Icela's henchmen, Nodd & Druul, are surprised to find Momok monsters they created for the dream world have materialized inside a real world's movie theater, but they don't know how they did it. |- |'''Beautiful Hawaii [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/F0YoH92Z0dwP2DL8jX1zXYj1SjlvQWGI |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2018-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124170052/https://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/F0YoH92Z0dwP2DL8jX1zXYj1SjlvQWGI |url-status=dead }}</ref> |July 25, [[2012]] |02:22 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|The Hanna highway begins at Maui's [sic] on Ho'okipa Beach, a wide sandy crescent that is a favorite of surfers and windsurfers. RBeautiful Hawaii is part of the Experience 3D series on 3net. |- |'''Flying Steps (Part 3)''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150705013119/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/QuEjy1mclTAjgMA5T3V04wDl-8_biq2e</ref> |July 25, 2012 |? |? |- | colspan="4" |In a disused boiler works with heavy water tanks, pipe and steel constructions, parkour artist Ryan Doyle and the "Flying Steps" showcase their mind-blowing moves. |- |'''Meat or Die: Ines''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/F0YoH92Z0dwP2DL8jX1zXYj1SjlvQWGI</ref> |July 26, 2012, January 7, [[2013]], January 23, [[2013]], June 16, 2013, December 3, 2013, July 16, 2014 |01:30 |? |- |colspan=4|Yans and Gans are back and hungry as ever! When the brainstorming duo builds a masterplan to capture their next meal, they receive an unexpected (and unpleasant) result. [Re-run text: It's a Marathon: Tune-in [sic] to win! Yans and Gans are back and hungry as ever! When the brainstorming duo builds a masterplan to capture their next meal, they receive an unexpected (and unpleasant) result.] |- |'''At the Waterhole [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/QJuaRWbSfXQLR9QJ0rtrQjwLhRrccaPK |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024406/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/QJuaRWbSfXQLR9QJ0rtrQjwLhRrccaPK |url-status=dead }}</ref> |July 28, 2012 |03:13 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|The life surrounding a simple waterhole in South Africa attracts all sorts of animals including predators like cheetahs. At the Waterhole is part of the African Wild series on 3net. |- |'''Close to Winning? [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/LMAPC9Dv-m2DYBrZUfQwA4VOiPmzKj5L |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024413/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/LMAPC9Dv-m2DYBrZUfQwA4VOiPmzKj5L |url-status=dead }}</ref> |August 1, [[2012]] |03:18 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|It doesn't appear that the Thunderbolts can beat TiGrr Jackson, but if the team pulls together will it be enough to win? Close to Winning is part of the Bolt & Blip series on 3net. |- |'''Dinosaur Office: Coffee Run [CollegeHumor]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/GcMubzRuJwzXaX60igffuekEYKpzs0Va |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609144907/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/GcMubzRuJwzXaX60igffuekEYKpzs0Va |url-status=dead }}</ref> |August 3, 2012, March 17, 2013, August 6, 2013, August 7, 2014, March 25, 2015 |01:55 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|The dinosaurs face the only thing worse than extinction: a coffee shortage. |- |'''USA vs. France''' ('''Relive the Highlights''' (re-run)) <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/_yiP3kF5KNYfi-iO7WsdDDpoz33K7l13 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024423/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/_yiP3kF5KNYfi-iO7WsdDDpoz33K7l13 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |August 3, 2012, July 12, 2013 |01:31, 01:36 (re-run) |Top Left |- |colspan=4|USA’s high-flyers take on Tony Parker and France in epic preliminary round action! Catch all the alley-oops, dunks, and three-pointers right here! |- |'''Breakneck MTB [3net]''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120809001925/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/2ptqBuzF52xNVvdm44o5FYJwtSVjGprI</ref> |August 5, 2012 |? |Bottom Left |- | colspan="4" |In the Santa Cruz Mtns, MTB freeriders fly down extreme forest trails and pull backflips on jumps big enough to snap bikes. Breakneck is part of the High Octane series on 3net. |- |'''Gymnastics Team Final''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/XrpV0Zc6CSBphqyvVtuB1nStyufc_iTw</ref> |August 6, 2012, February 24, 2013, July 18, 2013 |01:38, 01:43 (re-run) |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Russia takes on the USA's Fab Five in the women's team final. The high-flying competition is intense, but in the end, only one will be left standing... |- |'''Visit Barcelona Spain [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/YKB73GG_gADMIZZ-vKIzY3IpdL5tnHOT |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024435/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/YKB73GG_gADMIZZ-vKIzY3IpdL5tnHOT |url-status=dead }}</ref> |August 8, 2012 |02:53 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Founded by Romans, Barcelona enjoys a close relation with the sea, having built sailing ships since the middle ages. Visit Barcelona Spain is part of the World Cities series on 3net. |- |'''Phelps Goes for 20''' ('''Relive the Highlights''' (re-run)) <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/nsTTH3gS3GIiUK2522teqYSIWL6bEAfJ</ref> |August 9, 2012, February 27, 2013, July 24, 2013 |02:18 (re-run 01:48) |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Swimming great Michael Phelps tries to win a record 20th medal. But standing in his way is teammate and world champion, Ryan Lochte. Watch them battle for pool supremacy! |- |'''Signature Move [3net]''' |August 11, [[2012]] |03:04 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|To become more popular, Bolts and Blip decide to invent a signature move, which has painful consequences for Bolts. Signature Move is part of the Bolts & Blip series on 3net. |- |'''World's Fastest Man!''' ('''Relive the Highlights''' (re-run)) <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/ieYpinbF8I-zF3tVbBwQfzjzITvsBwHp |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024447/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/ieYpinbF8I-zF3tVbBwQfzjzITvsBwHp |url-status=dead }}</ref> |August 12, 2012, March 2, 2013, July 30, 2013 |01:55, 02:00 (re-broadcast) |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Usain Bolt tries to repeat as the World’s Fastest Man in the 100m sprint. The packed field includes the 4 fastest men to ever live, including "The Beast" Yohan Blake, who beat Bolt twice in June. |- |'''World's Strongest Man!''' ('''Relive the Highlights''' (re-run)) <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/IVrzItZ00cij0rOTAWzvzYCH_KSKItCf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024452/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/IVrzItZ00cij0rOTAWzvzYCH_KSKItCf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |August 15, 2012, March 5, 2013, August 5, 2013 |03:02, 03:06 (re-broadcast) |Top Left |- |colspan=4|For three super heavyweights, it all comes down to this. Years of dedication culminate in an attempt to lift more than 600lbs. But when the defending champ has a mishap, who will take his place? |- |'''Jet Ski Freestyle [3net]''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150705012602/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/M7jEELAimqKdMKryJSxg_3cUa3GNexcY</ref> |August 15, 2012 |? |? |- | colspan="4" |We're stoked for turbo charged backflips and twists with multi-World Jet Ski Freestyle Champions Eric Malone and Lee Stone. Jet Ski Freestyle is part of the High Octane series on 3net. |- |'''Shaun Goes Old-School [Aardman Animations]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/mLRg_MHjzfHKvSv4fjnKCBHsdXLaSmyi |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024457/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/mLRg_MHjzfHKvSv4fjnKCBHsdXLaSmyi |url-status=dead }}</ref> |August 17, 2012 (re-run), November 18, 2012, c. January 1, 2013, March 18, 2013, July 29, 2013, December 21, 2013, November 8, 2014, May 28, 2015 |01:37, 1:13 (re-broadcast) |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Life imitates Nintendo as Shaun becomes a character in his own game. [c. 1/1/13 title: "Best of 2012: Music!"] |- |'''Dreamwalking Teacher [3net]''' |August 18, [[2012]] |03:20 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Zane and Zoey seek the Momok in Coach Stubble's dream before Coach can use the Sleep Field Generator on their friends. Dreamwalking Teacher is part of the Dream Defenders series on 3net. |- |'''Mr. Download Says[...]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/0W6U0eACOvHHVi5g4zrOo_Wo9mXMsPlw |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024503/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/0W6U0eACOvHHVi5g4zrOo_Wo9mXMsPlw |url-status=dead }}</ref> |August 20, 2012, November 13, 2013, September 5, 2014, May 12, 2015 |01:07 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|"Don't fight technology. Embrace it!" Learn how now! [Ad for downloadable NSMB2.] |- |'''4x400 Men's Relay''' ('''Relive the Highlights''' (re-run)) <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/-WPOZXXOYttjq_8bJ3zndocLeEoXpxts |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024508/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/-WPOZXXOYttjq_8bJ3zndocLeEoXpxts |url-status=dead }}</ref> |August 21, 2012, March 11, 2013, August 17, 2013 |01:45 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Bahamian Ramon Miller wants to make sure Americans know his country is more than just an ideal vacation destination. He gets the chance to make his mark as his team's anchor in this thrilling race! |- |'''Ridin' the Rapids''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/AOKgWMwu3W-5MemDeteC3w6B3xxjgISN |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024513/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/AOKgWMwu3W-5MemDeteC3w6B3xxjgISN |url-status=dead }}</ref> |August 22, 2012 |03:02 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|On the South fork of the American River are playboats doing flips on standing waves to six man rafts hurtling the rapids. Ridin' the Rapids is part of the High Octane series on 3net. |- |'''Goodbye Fame [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/Xe3Qz3SOdaLPDQghPD6AqR4wWK-kDbhc |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024519/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/Xe3Qz3SOdaLPDQghPD6AqR4wWK-kDbhc |url-status=dead }}</ref> |August 25, [[2012]] |03:51 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Bolts and Blip learn a painful lesson that popularity is fleeting when the crowd starts to jeer their signature move. Goodbye Fame is part of the Bolt & Blip series on 3net. |- |'''Werewolf in a Girls Dormitory [Son of a Pitch, Jump! Creative]''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/pD068Y1uvXxyrbF0rsNSACYHhFEWy-7m</ref> (re-broadcast title: '''Werewolf in a Girls' Dorm''') |August 26, 2012, June 24, 2013 |03:00 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|A mysterious new professor has a dark background, and on the night of the full moon, the wolf in him will be unleashed. |- |'''Not Your Fault''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/pJwaymMpCDNO9ZMYytTjwMEVIMTX2a0t |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2017-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203163104/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/pJwaymMpCDNO9ZMYytTjwMEVIMTX2a0t |url-status=dead }}</ref> |August 27, 2012 |04:33 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Get ready for a new video coming soon from AWOLNATION! Here's your chance to relive the classic intergalactic stop-motion video for the hit song "Not Your Fault." [Preview of new video plus rebroadcast of "Not Your Fault".] |- |'''AWOLNATION is Back! [Red Bull Records ]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/vgKmnsk5l1gd-m1BQuCfY3eGr6whLyQp |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2019-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213141139/https://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/vgKmnsk5l1gd-m1BQuCfY3eGr6whLyQp |url-status=dead }}</ref> |August 31, 2012, September 4, 2012, May 12, 2013, July 7, 2013 |03:55 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|AWOLNATION's video for "Kill Your Heroes" stars the band in a hilarious parody of Mr. Roger's Neighborhood. See what happens when kids are left unattended while watching AWOLNATION's Fun Time. |- |'''Coming Soon!''' |August 31, 2012 |00:25 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Coming this Tuesday to Nintendo Video(tm) -- The Black Keys "Little Black Submarines". |- |'''Zane Sets a Trap [3net]''' |September 2, [[2012]] |03:32 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Against a particularly dangerous Momok, Zane creates a trap, but Zoey gets caught in it and Isela is about to get away. Zane Sets a Trap is part of the Dream Defenders series on 3net. |- |'''The Black Keys [Little Black Submarines]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/ZdWbJW6UOJslqfXFHtl2AwwYeEui7cfM |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003142300/https://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/ZdWbJW6UOJslqfXFHtl2AwwYeEui7cfM |url-status=dead }}</ref> |September 4, [[2012]], December 18, [[2012]], December 31, [[2012]], February 21, 2013, June 16, 2013, February 10, [[2014]], September 25, 2014 |03:34 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|This week Nintendo Video premieres The Black Keys’ 3D video for their hit song “Little Black Submarines”. Filmed during a secret show in Nashville, the video intimately captures the raw energy this band generates on stage. See it in 3D now, only on Nintendo Video. [Initial text] Filmed in 3D during a secret live show, The Black Keys' "Little Black Submarines" video intimately captures the raw energy this band brings to the stage. [Rerun text] "Best of 2012: Music!" Nintendo Video premiered The Black Keys' "Little Black Submarines" video in 3D. Filmed during a secret live show, intimately captured the raw energy this band brings to the stage. [12/31/12 rerun text] |- |'''Swiss Snow Boarders [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/FbcKJDqmPGiPYevz6UwLgj6Qg8oAEC9J |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024540/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/FbcKJDqmPGiPYevz6UwLgj6Qg8oAEC9J |url-status=dead }}</ref> |September 5, [[2012]] |03:29 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Join pro snow boarders at Saas-Fee Switzerland as they explore all the challenging kickers, rails, boxes and transitions. Swiss Snow Boarders is part of the High Octane series on 3net. |- |'''3-Headed Momok [3net]''' |September 9, [[2012]] |02:59 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Zane and Zoey find themselves in a dream on a far away world battling a Momok, or is it two Momoks, or is it three Momoks? 3-Headed Momok is part of the Dream Defenders series on 3net. |- |'''BMX Freestylin' [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/QJ9huW4iYIdZs1bTStP2nyheiar_yF1s |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024545/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/QJ9huW4iYIdZs1bTStP2nyheiar_yF1s |url-status=dead }}</ref> |September 13, [[2012]] |02:53 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|BMX Freestylers Kris Fox and Matt Cordova are some of the coolest riders out there and they're stoked to show their stuff. BMX Freestylin' is part of the High Octane series on 3net. |- |'''Dinosaur Office: Gym [CollegeHumor]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/094hYJzR-v4tf2iIGGocYlVOD23bFHTm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024550/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/094hYJzR-v4tf2iIGGocYlVOD23bFHTm |url-status=dead }}</ref> |September 13, [[2012]], March 20, 2013, August 13, 2013, February 1, 2014, September 9, 2014, April 1, 2015 |02:01 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|The dinosaurs go to the gym to get ripped, apart. Watch to the end and enter for a chance to win a special Dinosaur Office episode! |- |'''Meat or Die: Naomi''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/qCscBECND2QsAD3aKvFyX0RVvYwwIhE8</ref> |September 15, [[2012]], January 18, [[2013]], March 28, 2013, April 20, 2013, August 23, 2013, May 6, 2014, July 11, 2014, May 15, 2015 |01:30 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|They’re back! When Yans is tempted to go vegetarian, Gans snaps him out of it and refocuses their attention on their next big prize: Naomi. [Re-run text: It's a Marathon: Tune-in [sic] to win! When Yans is tempted to go vegetarian, Gans snaps him out of it and refocuses their attention on their next big prize: Naomi.] |- |'''Blip's New Pet [3net]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/tg5Rukuv9376k3_J_KcZ17PYmd1S2LiR |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024600/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/tg5Rukuv9376k3_J_KcZ17PYmd1S2LiR |url-status=dead }}</ref> |September 16, [[2012]] |03:58 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Bolts and Blip are assigned new quarters, which are the very worst the moon has to offer and Blip adopts a new pet. Blip's New Pet is part of the Bolt & Blip series on 3net. |- |'''Mr. Download Says''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024606/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/4dehwzYnRY6lYXkIbQOnahdxj-W1RWkF</ref> |September 26, 2012, February 13, [[2013]], October 15, 2013, December 23, 2013, May 29, 2014, October 22, 2014 |00:56, 00:54 (re-broadcast), 01:28 (re-broadcast) |Top Right |- |colspan=4|"DOMINATE THE GAME!" Learn how now! [Ad for downloading games from the eShop.] [October 15, 2013 version includes preview of new series.] |-'''Nintendo Video''' |'''Coming Soon!''' |October 3, [[2012]] |00:23 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Coming this Friday to Nintendo Video (tm) -- Dinosaur Office: New Owners. |- |'''New Owners [Dinosaur Office, College Humor]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/_6S45yQyTCFCD5dmZM8Tl4A9KbDXUuTk |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024612/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/_6S45yQyTCFCD5dmZM8Tl4A9KbDXUuTk |url-status=dead }}</ref> |October 5, [[2012]], March 22, 2013, August 20, 2013 |02:31 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|A new predator prowls the top of the corporate food chain. |- |'''Meat or Die: Helena''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/RMgh7O_2Gv3SvKfawF1k_rCOqCOir7zf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024617/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/RMgh7O_2Gv3SvKfawF1k_rCOqCOir7zf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |October 12, [[2012]], January 19, [[2013]], March 31, 2013, June 25, 2013, January 26, 2014, July 12, 2014, May 5, 2015 |01:30 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Don’t miss Yans & Gans as they employ a mysterious force in their never-ending (and never-successful) quest for meat. [Re-run text: Yans employs a mysterious force and Gans hurts his head in their never-ending (and never-successful) quest for meat.] [Re-run text: Title: Watch+Win: Meat or Die! It's a Marathon: Tune-in [sic] to win! Yans employs a mysterious force and Gans hurts his head in their never-ending (and never-successful) quest for meat.] |- |'''New Boss''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/mmnh7v3tHgT928ONuGD_-bk7KePgz-L_ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127135947/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/mmnh7v3tHgT928ONuGD_-bk7KePgz-L_ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |October 15, [[2012]], March 24, 2013, August 27, 2013, February 3, 2014, March 3, 2015 |02:09 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|It's a dinosaur eat dinosaur world out there. |- |'''Felix's Incredible Jump!''' [NMA] <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/Vif9XjjQfpndv3KrUounmGBglNVpIYWz |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024627/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/Vif9XjjQfpndv3KrUounmGBglNVpIYWz |url-status=dead }}</ref> |October 18, [[2012]] |01:20 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Felix Baumgartner, the daredevil Austrian skydiver, attempts a record-setting skydive from more than 22 miles above the Earth’s surface, breaking the sound barrier and making friends along the way. |- |'''Halloween Spooktacular! [Dinosaur Office, CollegeHumor]''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/7N27-wd43HjMZuG6FXyR9M49Laq7cKFm</ref> |October 24, [[2012]], October 25, [[2013]], October 24, 2014 |02:07, 02:38 (re-broadcast), 03:02 (re-broadcast) |Top Right |- |colspan=4|A haunted printer. A creepy janitor. Craig dressed like a pumpkin. It's Halloween, Dinosaur Office style! [October 25, 2013 version includes preview of new series.] [October 24, 2014 version includes promo for National Streetpass Weekend.] |- |'''Ghost Town 1''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/H-C9WTdSwJXHsHHMjvxXS3hkO9l8uAQ8 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2017-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508163748/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/H-C9WTdSwJXHsHHMjvxXS3hkO9l8uAQ8 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |October 24, [[2012]], October 23, 2013 |03:31, 04:02 (re-broadcast) |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Welcome to Jerome, Arizona: America's Ghost Town. In part 1 of 3, learn about the town's mysterious past and meet Jerome's most famous spirits: David Connor's Shadow Ghost and Gunshot Cowboy. [October 23, 2013 version includes preview of new series.] |- |'''The Presentation [Dinosaur Office, CollegeHumor]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/JwjkhSKg66Nd2XQGKem3l4ipW8EWr0cY |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024642/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/JwjkhSKg66Nd2XQGKem3l4ipW8EWr0cY |url-status=dead }}</ref> |October 26, [[2012]], March 26, 2013, September 3, 2013, March 10, 2015 |02:36 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|With great Powerpoint comes great responsibility. |- |'''Ghost Town 2''' (+ some other reruns?) |October 25 (?), 2012, October 26, 2013 |04:38 (?), 05:09 (re-broadcast) |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Dive deeper into the Jerome's history and hauntings. Meet Slain Sheriff and Departed Madame. In Jerome, these spirits are seen wandering the streets and hallways of their old stomping grounds. [October 25, 2013 version includes preview of new series.] |- |'''Ghost Town 3''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/ISt6LSwwKnI-pIz5t5D5MoOSHykoz5GY |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024648/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/ISt6LSwwKnI-pIz5t5D5MoOSHykoz5GY |url-status=dead }}</ref> |November 1, [[2012]], October 29, 2013 |04:17, 04:49 (re-broadcast) |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|In the freaky conclusion of the Ghost Town Series, we learn of the terrible conditions in the old mines and why thousands died in tunnels and in the old hospital at the top of the hill. [October 29, 2013 version includes preview of new series.] |- |'''Coming Soon!''' |November 4, [[2012]] |00:38 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|NEXT TIME on Nintendo Video (tm) -- Meat or Die: Coco and Chilling -- Coming this Tuesday! |- |'''Meat or Die [Coco and Chilling]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/Xym6WviyU7nFpzOfYQ7H17ZRgAu48y1M |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2019-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214150119/https://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/Xym6WviyU7nFpzOfYQ7H17ZRgAu48y1M |url-status=dead }}</ref> |November 4, 2012, January 18, [[2013]], May 2, 2013, October 12, 2013, May 24, 2014, May 28, 2015 |01:30, 02:01 (re-broadcast) |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Yans & Gans face a new challenge in this week’s [omitted in 10/12/13 rerun text: new] episode when they try to capture a meal that can fly! Don’t miss their hilarious attempts at filling their bellies. [October 12, 2013 version includes preview of new series.] [Re-run text: Title: Watch+Win: Meat or Die! It's a Marathon: Tune-in [sic] to win! Yans & Gans face a new challenge when they try to capture a meal that can fly! Don’t miss their hilarious attempts at filling their bellies. |- |'''Next Time!''' |November 13, [[2012]] |00:35 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|NEXT TIME on Nintendo Video(tm): Thanksgiving Special! -- Coming this Friday |- |'''Thanksgiving Special! [Dinosaur Office, CollegeHumor]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/ArNM3XPLo6oHdRUWkIdJ4EGVPoWTMZCG |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024726/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/ArNM3XPLo6oHdRUWkIdJ4EGVPoWTMZCG |url-status=dead }}</ref> |November 16, [[2012]], November 18, [[2013]], November 22, 2014 |02:09 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|When Craig is faced with spending Thanksgiving alone, he discovers the true spirit of the holidays. |- |'''Life of Pi [trailer]''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/LSH_T0RR1dJlP45jrVxoBYl0yAW0qf6_</ref> |November 18, [[2012]] |02:17 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Director Ang Lee creates a groundbreaking movie event about a young man who survives a tragic disaster at sea and is hurtled into an epic journey of adventure and discovery. |- |'''Meat or Die [Meat: 07 Kate and Karen]''' |November 20, 2012 |01:30 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Once upon a time in the future, there are two hungry dinosaurs... Meet Yans and Gans. They're not too smart. But they're hungry and hunting for meat! Will they ever fill their bellies? |- |'''Next Time!''' |November 25, [[2012]] |00:35 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|NEXT TIME on Nintendo Video(tm): Meat or Die: Gisele -- Coming this Tuesday! |- |'''Movember News! [Next Media Animation]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/qh3ZlBw9FFUlYJoeKfGN3DTs7SRufJRs |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024800/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/qh3ZlBw9FFUlYJoeKfGN3DTs7SRufJRs |url-status=dead }}</ref> |November 26, 2012 |01:42 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|A 13 year old boy finds himself in trouble at his school when he grows a moustache in support of men’s health. |- |'''Meat or Die [Meat: 08 Gisele]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/r1jdI9K1Io0Z-nBqVtPvWDNId5Wle9KX |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024805/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/r1jdI9K1Io0Z-nBqVtPvWDNId5Wle9KX |url-status=dead }}</ref> |November 27, 2012, May 30, 2013, October 22, 2013, July 14, 2014 |01:30 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Yans & Gans are back on their quest for food in a new episode of Meat or Die. When their attempts at romance fail, the dim-witted dinos resort to their old bag of tricks. Don’t miss the insanity! [October 22, 2013 re-broadcast text: Yans & Gans are back on their quest for food, but when their attempts at romancing their dinner fail, the dim-witted dinos resort to their old bag of tricks.] [October 22, 2013 version includes preview of new series.] [Re-run text: Title: Watch+Win: Meat or Die! It's a Marathon: Tune-in [sic] to win! When their attempts at romancing their dinner fail, the dim-witted dinos resort to their old bag of tricks.] |- |'''Mr. Download Says...''' |November 26, 2012, April 27, 2013, October 17, 2013, June 25, 2015 |01:02, 01:33 (re-broadcast) |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|"Don't worry about losing your game cartridges anymore!" Learn how now! [Ad for eShop.] [October 17, 2013 version includes preview of new series.] |- |'''SKRILLEX & THE DOORS [Atlantic Recording Corp.]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/r-wVhjRjfTj9n3LA3nX8y22Jttw0Mm1C |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2018-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016093332/https://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/r-wVhjRjfTj9n3LA3nX8y22Jttw0Mm1C |url-status=dead }}</ref> |November 30, 2012, January 22, [[2013]], May 19, 2013 |03:32 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|In this unprecedented collaboration between electronic trailblazer, Skrillex, & rock legends, The Doors, BREAKN' A SWEAT takes you on a post-apocalyptic adventure in full 3D - only on Nintendo Video. |- |'''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey Trailer''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/SdFTiEump-c92zZfxqRoh-3HFfZ1jyzj |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024815/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/SdFTiEump-c92zZfxqRoh-3HFfZ1jyzj |url-status=dead }}</ref> |December 1, 2012 |02:31 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|From Academy Award®-winning filmmaker Peter Jackson comes “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey,” the first of a trilogy of films adapting the popular masterpiece The Hobbit, by J.R.R. Tolkien. |- |'''Doomsday Draws Near! [Next Media Animation]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/IcFGxZN-dj7xfbfFMDSBq3nNRsBe8rbE |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024820/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/IcFGxZN-dj7xfbfFMDSBq3nNRsBe8rbE |url-status=dead }}</ref> |December 8, 2012 |01:11 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|The ancient Mayans predicted the end of the world would occur on December 21, 2012. Take a look at what Bolon Yokte, the Mayan god of destruction, might have up his sleeve! |- |'''Walk Off The Earth''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/krN7p5p1e0CQg6VUCW4gRLWy0J2iFauh |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024825/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/krN7p5p1e0CQg6VUCW4gRLWy0J2iFauh |url-status=dead }}</ref> |December 12, 2012, January 12th, [[2013]], March 23, 2013, July 27, 2013, December 16, 2013, April 5, 2014, October 2, 2014 |04:30 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|In this boisterous throwback to chain gang cinema, Walk Off The Earth plays a group of escaped convicts trying to find their way to freedom before a certain bearded lawman brings them to justice. |- |'''Meat or Die: Linda''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/kanS_lq-tgjtEtkPePBUP4Sm4kWaQ0pz |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2018-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124170316/https://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/kanS_lq-tgjtEtkPePBUP4Sm4kWaQ0pz |url-status=dead }}</ref> |December 16, 2012, June 7, 2013, June 11, 2013, October 27, 2013 |01:30, 02:01 (re-broadcast) |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Yans & Gans find their biggest prize yet. It will take teamwork if they want to enjoy this meal. Do they have what it takes? [October 27, 2013 version includes preview of new series.] |- |'''Next Time!''' |December 23, [[2012]] |00:34 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|NEXT TIME on Nintendo Video(tm): New Year's Party -- Coming this Tuesday. |- |'''New Year's Party [Dinosaur Office, CollegeHumor]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/H5MfmDI8IiVWPmf4I6Tz_UThsi3Z-2w8 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2018-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124170241/https://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/H5MfmDI8IiVWPmf4I6Tz_UThsi3Z-2w8 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |December 25, [[2012]], December 26, [[2013]], December 27, [[2014]] |01:41 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|The Triassic period goes extinct |- |'''A Year-in-Review! [Next Media Animation]''' |December 30, [[2012]] |01:38 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Relive all the highlights of 2012. It's 365 days in 60 seconds, in 3D! |- |'''MONSTER MAN''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/cSsuVWWhNa0XmW17F70QTJPVivYYzSzS</ref> |January 12, [[2013]], March 28, 2013, August 3, 2013, January 3, 2014 |02:18 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|DEVO's new video is a 3D tribute to the Japanese monster films of the 1970s. The video features DEVO as cyborgs, a rampaging Godzilla-esque beast, and a super humanoid preventing total annihilation. |- |'''Mr. Download Says...''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/snJ1ii-PKlAE2CfChkd8VJe2e0cfMdTS |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024845/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/snJ1ii-PKlAE2CfChkd8VJe2e0cfMdTS |url-status=dead }}</ref> |January 12, [[2013]], March 6, 2013, October 20, 2013, October 2, 2014 |01:12, 01:43 (re-broadcast) |Top Left |- |colspan=4|"How to live... In the future!" Learn how now! [Ad for 3DS eshop.] [October 20, 2013 version includes preview of new series.] |- |'''Elephants Dream Part 1''' |January 30, [[2013]] |02:36 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Proog, tour-guide and protector, shows off the sights and dangers of a seemingly infinite machine to his curious protege, Emo. This is the world's first 3D open source created movie. |- |'''Elephants Dream Part 2''' |February 2, [[2013]] |04:41 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Dangers grow. Emo becomes increasingly skeptical as he follows Proog, exploring new parts of the machine. |- |'''Elephants Dream Part 3''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/4gEnAggzhObOAWoJJ_GJ-tj3NdNLCkKK |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024850/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/4gEnAggzhObOAWoJJ_GJ-tj3NdNLCkKK |url-status=dead }}</ref> |February 5, [[2013]] |03:45 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Proog and Emo's journey unfolds; we discover signs that the machine is not all Proog thinks it is, and his guiding takes on a more desperate aspect. |- |'''BearShark: Love''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/4gEnAggzhObOAWoJJ_GJ-tj3NdNLCkKK |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024850/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/4gEnAggzhObOAWoJJ_GJ-tj3NdNLCkKK |url-status=dead }}</ref> |February 8, [[2013]], May 2, 2013, July 22, 2013, October 28, 2013, March 28, 2014, December 6, 2014 |02:43, 03:15 (re-broadcast) |Top Left |- |colspan=4|It's love at first bite. [October 28, 2013 version includes preview of new series.] |- |'''Valentine's Day [Dinosaur Office]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/0M5OK8v6hmb7AfxKmK8aPUi1k_ZCoV9K |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024855/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/0M5OK8v6hmb7AfxKmK8aPUi1k_ZCoV9K |url-status=dead }}</ref> |February 10, [[2013]], February 11, [[2014]], February 12, [[2015]] |01:43 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Will you eat my Valentine? |- |'''BearShark: Space''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/uiH2gyYPQzRJ6NAYq_6PIXnj7OgPRpcr</ref> |February 22, [[2013]], May 5, 2013, August 15, 2013, October 18, 2013, January 15, 2014, March 17, 2015, May 21, 2015 |02:23, 02:54 (re-broadcast) |Top Left |- |colspan=4|In space, no one can hear you get eaten by a shark. [October 18, 2013 version includes preview of new series.] |- |'''An All-American Final''' ('''Relive the Highlights''' (re-run)) |March 8, [[2013]] (re-run, original air date?), August 11, 2013 |02:44 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Misty May-Treanor and Kerri Walsh Jennings go for a third consecutive gold against fellow Americans April Ross and Jennifer Kessy at the always raucous Horseguards Parade. |- |'''BearShark: Money''' |March 8, [[2013]], May 8, 2013, September 5, 2013, February 1, 2014, August 18, 2014, March 24, 2015 |02:39 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|ABC: Always Be Chomping |- |'''Next Time!''' |March 20, [[2013]] |00:37 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|NEXT TIME on Nintendo Video(tm): BearShark: Dragon -- Coming this Friday. |- |'''BearShark: Dragon''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024903/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/39ett_PTZ_yFQEZPjCMbMKkAieAZcFD7?</ref> |March 22, [[2013]], May 11, 2013, September 28, 2013, April 3, 2014, July 26, 2014, January 17, 2015 |02:27 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Bear and Shark get fired. |- |'''Basketball Mania!''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/mT6Ga_zuz51gH98mfRmPRbPdg1Qo7wvd |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024929/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/mT6Ga_zuz51gH98mfRmPRbPdg1Qo7wvd |url-status=dead }}</ref> |April 1, [[2013]] |01:20 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Basketball zombies abound as the madness of March takes over America! |- |'''Next Time!''' |April 3, [[2013]] |00:38 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|NEXT TIME on Nintendo Video(tm): BearShark: Ghost -- Coming this Friday. |- |'''BearShark: Ghost [CollegeHumor]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/WF9XunfWTIgRum6o-A-BS8uAkQhdQPEs |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601024934/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/WF9XunfWTIgRum6o-A-BS8uAkQhdQPEs |url-status=dead }}</ref> |April 5, [[2013]], May 14, 2013, October 5, 2013, April 19, 2014, September 25, 2014, March 31, 2015 |02:43 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Bear and Shark get paranormal indigestion. |- |'''OK Go: White Knuckles''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/JP5LzsyNq7PBqWhKtynBGajYBfCFg_5u |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2013-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113033500/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/JP5LzsyNq7PBqWhKtynBGajYBfCFg_5u |url-status=dead }}</ref> |?, April 10, 2013 (re-run), August 10, 2013, March 8, 2014, May 31, 2014, September 18, 2014, March 4, 2015 |03:32 |? |- |colspan=4|OK Go is known for its creative, one-of-a-kind music videos, and the video for "White Knuckles" does not disappoint! This single-take video features a bevy of adorable rescue dogs (and one goat). |- |'''Next Time!''' |April 16, [[2013]] |00:33 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|NEXT TIME on Nintendo Video(tm): BearShark: Old -- Coming this Thursday! |- |'''BearShark: Old [CollegeHumor]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/pDyGk-Tr24Y3SYZ2pNpkfxXNY0Z0KYO4 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025057/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/pDyGk-Tr24Y3SYZ2pNpkfxXNY0Z0KYO4 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |April 18, [[2013]], May 17, 2013, October 12, 2013, May 17, 2014, January 3, 2015 |02:42, 02:06 (re-broadcast), 02:37 (re-broadcast) |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Run fast, die old. [October 12, 2013 version includes preview of new series.] |- |'''Osaka Popstar!''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/cHSG60K4mxu69Of0izwvfvMS_FkXm_8W |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025130/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/cHSG60K4mxu69Of0izwvfvMS_FkXm_8W |url-status=dead }}</ref> |May 24, 2013, September 29, 2013, February 7, 2014 |03:05 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Dancing cheerleaders, fire breathing devil dogs, classic cartoon charring... Japanese cult animator Mari-Chan includes them all in Osaka Popstar's hit single, "Wicked World". |- |'''The Mind's Eye: Rain''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/sRfGdsh0VAdhRbHlAyH6o0rIyJUcR4Ym |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025136/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/sRfGdsh0VAdhRbHlAyH6o0rIyJUcR4Ym |url-status=dead }}</ref> |May 31, 2013, February 18, 2014 |02:10 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Follow the adventures of a young man who sees everything differently. In a world consisting of anything your mind can imagine, you get to choose what happens next. Re-run text: Follow the adventures of a young man who sees everything differently. |- |'''Osaka Popstar: "Insects"''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/gWwF3oUvVQVvxDeB7o9gmsCGc-xHjU5a |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025217/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/gWwF3oUvVQVvxDeB7o9gmsCGc-xHjU5a |url-status=dead }}</ref> |June 19, 2013, October 6, 2013, February 20, 2014, June 22, 2014 |02:15 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|A militia of punk rock puppies wage music driven warfare against an inevitable assault from off-beat creepy crawlers in a perfect blend of melody and humor for Osaka Popstar's hit single "insects"! |- |'''Swim Swim Swim''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/8BYk4cXjRioNSV7TAn94Jxa72Tobt1gy |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025256/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/8BYk4cXjRioNSV7TAn94Jxa72Tobt1gy |url-status=dead }}</ref> |June 29, 2013, February 25, 2014 |03:50, 03:26 (re-broadcast) |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Swimming away from the perils of the ocean in The Mind's Eye leads to the troubles of every day life. |- |'''The Mind's Eye: Fight''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/aSyvnkKEZvTnBD3m2UzLN-l8aoEWggsp |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025301/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/aSyvnkKEZvTnBD3m2UzLN-l8aoEWggsp |url-status=dead }}</ref> |August 2, 2013, March 4, 2014 |03:42 02:43 (re-broadcast) |Top Left |- |colspan=4|A fight breaks out. But is it out of this world or out of reality? Like always, you get to decide. |- |'''The Misadventures of Link 1''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/QKpcWsdKAw7rBP8jfSj26P0M1jDHa5K- |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2017-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722194304/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/QKpcWsdKAw7rBP8jfSj26P0M1jDHa5K- |url-status=dead }}</ref> |November 1, 2013, September 5, 2014, April 8, 2015 |01:05 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Sure, curiosity killed the cat, but how will our hero Link fair when rupees are on the line? Find out in the debut of this comedic series of shorts, The Legend of Zelda: The Misadventures of Link. |- |'''Time Slime: Bravest W... [arriors]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/fzyDuJfL3GE6sftvn7ZwH_TtVCxL7C9w |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025316/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/fzyDuJfL3GE6sftvn7ZwH_TtVCxL7C9w |url-status=dead }}</ref> |November 1, 2013, December 22, 2014 |05:53 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|...or forever stuck in a time loop! The Bravest Warriors must save Glendale, or be forever stuck in a time loop! |- |'''Wildheart Riukiu: Ninja Cat Marco!''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/PfWio0Nvt2Y1eEblEIZ1cxxkPxfnbfmN |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2017-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306203314/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/PfWio0Nvt2Y1eEblEIZ1cxxkPxfnbfmN |url-status=dead }}</ref> |November 1, 2013, January 8, 2014, January 20, 2014, June 5, 2014, April 7, 2015, June 4, 2015 |01:30 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|The ninja cat Marco attacks with shadow cloning technique. And Riukiu intercepts with... |- |'''Bee and PuppyCat Part 1''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/6M1cM2B8CuthQOCFpvXuzBtFPtXWCPlk |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2017-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920104851/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/6M1cM2B8CuthQOCFpvXuzBtFPtXWCPlk |url-status=dead }}</ref> |November 1, 2013, January 14, 2014 |05:35 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Bee, a reluctant hero, becomes entangled in the adventures of a puppy (...or is he a cat?) as they are whisked off to another dimension to complete a mysterious quest. |- |'''Misadventures of Link 2''' |November 7, 2013, September 9, 2014 |01:05 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Nothing says "home sweet home" like an enormous swaying booger. Find out how Link feels about it in "Snot Amused," the latest episode of The Legend of Zelda: The Misadventures of Link. |- |'''Emotion Lord [Bravest Warriors]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/bEzHs7nYPbgLiWd5bHPz468R4SPS1sw8 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025332/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/bEzHs7nYPbgLiWd5bHPz468R4SPS1sw8 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |November 8, 2013, December 24, 2014 |06:04 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Emotions run high on the Bravest Warriors' ship when Danny contracts Zgraxxis fever, and a crazy old man and his pork rinds may be responsible. |- |'''Protect Princess Candy''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/4vRY9dPh30NEUWAW_zTbwiP3WaV2A570 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025337/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/4vRY9dPh30NEUWAW_zTbwiP3WaV2A570 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |November 9, 2013, June 22, 2014, April 14, 2015, June 4, 2015 |01:30 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|While Candy enjoys boating with Karate masters, Marco comes up from the water! [Re-run text: While Candy enjoys boating with Karate masters, Marco comes up from the water! But...] |- |'''Misadventures of Link 3''' |November 13, 2013, September 13, 2014 |01:00 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|What happens when Link comes face-to-face with a wanna-be time-traveling dancer? Find out in "Dance the Night Away," as The Legend of Zelda: The Misadventures of Link continues. |- |'''Butter Lettuce [Bravest Warriors]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/ucSCofO80S_8xjM5RYStdqs66chm-G5u |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025342/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/ucSCofO80S_8xjM5RYStdqs66chm-G5u |url-status=dead }}</ref> |November 15, 2013, June 4, 2015 |05:52 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Chris, Wallow, and Danny hog the Holo-John with their fantasies, and Beth just wants to brush her teeth.. [sic] [In 2-D.] |- |'''Marco's Chain and Knives! [Wildheart Riukiu]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/lgFnX4ychHkT-Xuo5FEeTB0sLelci3GI |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025348/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/lgFnX4ychHkT-Xuo5FEeTB0sLelci3GI |url-status=dead }}</ref> |November 17, 2013, January 30, 2014, July 4, 2014, August 12, 2014, April 21, 2015 |01:56 (re-broadcast: 01:30) |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|While masters are on the beach, Marco comes up from under the ground with Chain and Knives! And... |- |'''Misadventures of Link 4''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/HEets7rCmXzl-lrNLOWGDd99RqL-qK83 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025355/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/HEets7rCmXzl-lrNLOWGDd99RqL-qK83 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |November 19, 2013 |01:37 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Hyoi Pears control minds. But can Link harness this awesome power? Or will he just get a headache? Find out in the next episode of The Legend of Zelda: The Misadventures of Link. [Includes preview of "Big Fat Ninja Rascal!".] |- |'''Memory Donk [Bravest Warriors]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/be63o8MHvQlHJEFmgkSoV2sJZ8edPWCZ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025400/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/be63o8MHvQlHJEFmgkSoV2sJZ8edPWCZ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |November 22, 2013 |06:05 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|The Bravest Warriors are on a mission to accomplish something... but first they must remember who they are. |- |'''Misadventures of Link 5''' |November 26, 2013, September 18, 2014 |01:21 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|There are sneak attacks and then there's the coveted sneak splat. See Link perfect this new maneuver in "Barrels of Fun," the latest episode of The Legend of Zelda: The Misadventures of Link. |- |'''Big Fat Ninja Rascal! [Wildheart Riukiu]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/TEe52P92fZwKMjH0AtYT6csP5zAYmJJj |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025405/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/TEe52P92fZwKMjH0AtYT6csP5zAYmJJj |url-status=dead }}</ref> |November 25, 2013, February 10, [[2014]], August 25, 2014, October 7, 2014, April 28, 2015 |01:30 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|While masters practice on Karate arts, Marco comes up from the sky with Big Cat Rascal! Then princess... |- |'''The Bunless [Bravest Warriors]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/TEe52P92fZwKMjH0AtYT6csP5zAYmJJj |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025405/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/TEe52P92fZwKMjH0AtYT6csP5zAYmJJj |url-status=dead }}</ref> |November 29, 2013, December 30, 2014 |06:29 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|The fate of the planet Bunless 9 depends on the Bravest Warriors team to reunite two ageless aliens at a dance mixer. |- |'''Misadventures of Link 6''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/BtYPrXIrOHP2SAXgreVEHumTajSrB4e2 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025410/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/BtYPrXIrOHP2SAXgreVEHumTajSrB4e2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |December 1, 2013, October 15, 2014 |01:25, 01:04 (re-run) |Top Left |- |colspan=4|In this episode of The Legend of Zelda: The Misadventures of Link, our hero gets greedy while fishing for loot in a seedy cave. Will he know when enough is enough? See for yourself!. [Includes preview of Pokemon: BW Rival Destinies] |- |'''Lavarinth [Bravest Warriors]''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/Neee0MwkKvuQ98QcDD-6OIndDRLp2q-K</ref> |December 6, 2013, January 1, 2015 |07:16 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|The Emotion Lord returns to distract the Bravest Warriors from destroying the firebug's lava hive. |- |'''Misadventures of Link 7''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/0IeG6DTdlXk-ohBR8K0pyyRFtDDN4jQM</ref> |December 7, 2013, November 25, 2014 |01:27 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|The latest episode of the Misadventures of Link finds our hero torn between the call of adventure and the irresistible lust for rupees. Don't we all know that feeling? [In 2-D.] |- |'''StreetPass Weekend!''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/7aE4dbwRUSpOyqF2HrnUDhga8wRF0UQt |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025428/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/7aE4dbwRUSpOyqF2HrnUDhga8wRF0UQt |url-status=dead }}</ref> |December 9, 2013 |01:14 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|National StreetPass Weekend is December 14th and 15th. Learn more about the big event and how you can see the special release of Dinosaur Office: Remix! |- |'''Misadventures of Link 8''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/P24ELw5ZbgonQCsNbD9bvFnZMGGArEEQ</ref> |December 13, 2013, May 21, 2015 |01:26 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Everyone loves Tingle, right? RIGHT?! Find out what Link thinks of a life of servitude on Tingle Island in the latest episode of The Misadventures of Link. |- |'''Gas Powered Stick [Bravest Warriors]''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/iZXaNrVi8UlEFNT9Z-9B1NFuKhSDbByV</ref> |December 13, 2013, June 4, 2015 |06:23 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Chris, Danny, and Wallow vie for Plum's attention, while a mysterious stick sprouts unforeseen consequences from Chris's forehead. |- |'''Misadventures of Link 9''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/7oQ2kED31bHnw5QZ5GV7zuMRUs2vEEb6 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025443/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/7oQ2kED31bHnw5QZ5GV7zuMRUs2vEEb6 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |December 19, 2013 |01:31 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|The Misadventures of Link continues with "It Burns in a Good Way!" Can Link defeat the boss of Dragon Roost Island without losing his cool? You're about to find out! |- |'''Dan Before Time [Bravest Warriors]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/lh0LSIfKVqN_sbK-yofnEU5g41gDyTfg |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025448/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/lh0LSIfKVqN_sbK-yofnEU5g41gDyTfg |url-status=dead }}</ref> |December 13, 2013, January 5, 2015 |05:40 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Danny invents a time machine so that he can fix his embarrassing, disgusting childhood. |- |'''Misadventures of Link 10''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/i-ixXL12CPPJZ0KB4D80Eaa64NJHgxMZ</ref> |December 25, 2013 |01:52 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|"Don't Let Her See You" is the latest episode of The Misadventures of Link. Is Link sneaky enough to handle creeping up on a crime as its [sic] committed? Maybe, but what if he gets caught? |- |'''Cereal Master [Bravest Warriors]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/lh0LSIfKVqN_sbK-yofnEU5g41gDyTfg |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025448/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/lh0LSIfKVqN_sbK-yofnEU5g41gDyTfg |url-status=dead }}</ref> |December 27, 2013 |06:43 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Chris must comfort an insecure Martian chef before he can celebrate his and Beth's jinx-iversary. |- |'''Pikmin Safari Episode 1''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/8qmrKRMx5KSCj5ZrAdP9Jy3ZfFte1EM2</ref> |December 27, 2013, August 2, 2014, May 28, 2015 |02:37 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|In the first episode of Pikmin Safari, we'll speed you through the not-so-peaceful paradise that is the Garden of Hope while introducing you to some of its more interesting inhabitants. [In 2-D] |- |'''Misadventures of Link 11''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/5_aX5S-MxmXxyik0xpa3vBnNIsqVjBt8 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025503/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/5_aX5S-MxmXxyik0xpa3vBnNIsqVjBt8 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |December 31, 2013 |01:46 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|In "A Link to the Piggies," the next episode of the Misadventures of Link, our hero attempts to capture an innocent young swine. But there may be repercussions to this heinous act... |- |'''Pikmin Safari Episode 2''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/90bygf34bVL1cA_6Z3KTnAmfVt2f7N_i |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025509/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/90bygf34bVL1cA_6Z3KTnAmfVt2f7N_i |url-status=dead }}</ref> |January 2, 2014, August 4, 2014ish |02:21 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|In the next episode of Pikmin Safari, we're plodding prudently through the winter wonderland that is the Distant Tundra while introducing you to some of its more interesting inhabitants. [In 2-D] |- |'''Ultra Wankershim [Bravest Warriors]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/-ZNel3YciDVjYkNJtefqMy5qxCBpPFbD |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025511/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/-ZNel3YciDVjYkNJtefqMy5qxCBpPFbD |url-status=dead }}</ref> |January 3, 2014, January 9, 2015 |06:45 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|A video game character has come to life and Chris peers into the future. |- |'''Misadventures of Link 12''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/5_aX5S-MxmXxyik0xpa3vBnNIsqVjBt8 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025503/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/5_aX5S-MxmXxyik0xpa3vBnNIsqVjBt8 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |January 6, 2014 |01:21 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|The Legend of Zelda: The Misadventures of Link comes to an end in, [sic] "Pearl of Pain!" In the finale [sic] episode, Link learns not to trust mysterious statues when their arms are suspiciously outstretched. |- |'''Pikmin Safari Episode 3 [Tropical Wilds]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/rmy8pZgAiawIt1ZXL5E2ouU1mK4Av5aX |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025516/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/rmy8pZgAiawIt1ZXL5E2ouU1mK4Av5aX |url-status=dead }}</ref> |January 8, 2014, August 8, 2014 |02:11 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|In the final episode of Pikmin Safari, we're trudging through the bittersweet wonderland that is the Tropical Wilds and along the way, we'll meet the most dangerous creatures on PNF-404. |- |'''Catbug [Bravest Warriors]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/yqzHD6pAMmEnvM7dxOlw7ZPOSHG2oYOG |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025522/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/yqzHD6pAMmEnvM7dxOlw7ZPOSHG2oYOG |url-status=dead }}</ref> |January 10, 2014, January 11, 2015 |06:48 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|When the Bravest Warriors receive mysterious gifts from the See-Through Zone, they must use their emotions to unlock the door to the greatest secret. |- |'''Sugarbellies [Bravest Warriors]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/aqkywZRTjNW2v30y7HSTEUmmMIpApFyN |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025527/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/aqkywZRTjNW2v30y7HSTEUmmMIpApFyN |url-status=dead }}</ref> |January 17, 2014, January 13, 2015 |07:31 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|When the adorable Sugarbelly aliens ask the Bravest Warriors for help, the young heroes split up to tackle their most challenging mission yet in this cross-planetary adventure. |- |'''Bee and PuppyCat Part 2''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/1GZCj5CJscjekoWB8eFWXY0xBAJaM96M |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025532/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/1GZCj5CJscjekoWB8eFWXY0xBAJaM96M |url-status=dead }}</ref> |January 20, 2014 (re-run?) |05:09 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|In the conclusion of this two-parter, Bee and PuppyCat must babysit Wallace, who misses his Momma. PuppyCat sings a tragic fairy tale, Bee draws on hidden strength, and new stories take root. |- |'''2 Minisodes: Bravest... [Bravest Warriors]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/aqkywZRTjNW2v30y7HSTEUmmMIpApFyN |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025527/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/aqkywZRTjNW2v30y7HSTEUmmMIpApFyN |url-status=dead }}</ref> |January 17, 2014, January 15, 2015 |03:22 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Moo-Phobia: The team tries to help Chris confront his greatest fear. DramaBug: Catbug tells the tale of star-crossed lovers Sir Jeffries and Rebecca, the prettiest girl in Brookyln. [In 2-D.] |- |'''3 Minisodes: Bravest... [Bravest Warriors]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/5d_25QgkEn0lfX3ptkBdggZNDUtDrLsS |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025536/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/5d_25QgkEn0lfX3ptkBdggZNDUtDrLsS |url-status=dead }}</ref> |January 31, 2014 |04:25 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Browser Fail: Danny wakes up on the wrong side of a prank. Impossibomb: Wallow tries to dispose of a bomb. Tarrabeth Bytes: Beth shames Wallos using her ultra sumo techniques. |- |'''Aeon Worm [Bravest Warriors]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/8sfmVqbXcKJVZYaGUozV24KiTgjSXSxJ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025542/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/8sfmVqbXcKJVZYaGUozV24KiTgjSXSxJ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |February 7, 2014, January 19, 2015 |07:00 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Continuing from the events of "Catbug," Beth goes behind the door and into the See-Through Zone to discover the mystery behind the secret message, "Ralph Waldo Pickle Chips." |- |'''Inazuma Eleven''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/EpGGNTb4JaBNLV2lznAZC2l0eYw0NigO |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025547/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/EpGGNTb4JaBNLV2lznAZC2l0eYw0NigO |url-status=dead }}</ref> |February 13, 2014 |01:10 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Watch Full Episodes Now from Nintendo eShop on Nintendo 3DS and Wii U! They're Free! |- |'''RoboChris [Bravest Warriors]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/J5hY89vJYoysPaADTqs35dcyL9yPC0w4 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025552/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/J5hY89vJYoysPaADTqs35dcyL9yPC0w4 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |February 14, 2014 |06:37 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Danny has a new #1 pal and it just so happens that he looks exactly like Chris. Does this create jealousy between the bathroom bros.? Find out in... RoboChris! |- |'''Mexican Touchdown [Bravest Warriors]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/wEVul_n69wQGrh6qkcJdzcD-IVNqQuwv |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025557/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/wEVul_n69wQGrh6qkcJdzcD-IVNqQuwv |url-status=dead }}</ref> |February 21, 2014 |06:41 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Plum returns to Bravest Warriors in this action packed adventure at an alien rescue. Danny & Plum team up to help out the adorable little aliens while Catbug & the other Warriors return from a luau. |- |'''Hamster Priest [Bravest Warriors]''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/t7rjlfvteYG_hsrRu8p2MK1_PNLco4bZ</ref> |February 28, 2014, January 25, 2015 |06:27 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Ralph Waldo Pickle Chips RETURNS! Plum and Chris are dating, Danny has goat eyes, and Wallow drinks his big ol' beer! What the heck is up with the Warriors and what does it all mean? |- |'''Jelly Kid Forever [Bravest Warriors]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/sailQCNCrBY11nxVSXonFO1kffwiG057 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025607/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/sailQCNCrBY11nxVSXonFO1kffwiG057 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |March 7, 2014, January 27, 2015 |06:31 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Jelly Kid DIES?! Who did it? Was it Wallow? Chris Kirkman, the Emotion Lord? There's no way Danny did it! Find out NOW! |- |'''The Puppetyville Horror [Bravest Warriors]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/15-AezHJ0x-CULF889V3sfnu1Nqs4UnI |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025612/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/15-AezHJ0x-CULF889V3sfnu1Nqs4UnI |url-status=dead }}</ref> |March 14, 2014 |06:32 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|The horror... THE HORROR! The Warriors are stranded on a yellow planet and one by one they are disappearing. Written by Invader Zim creator, Jhonen Vasquez, & featuring Dana Snyder (Master Shake). |- |'''Catbug's Away Team [Bravest Warriors]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/C4v9cN_6_msrmLVzYb3SIUcV1aF_dfJR |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025618/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/C4v9cN_6_msrmLVzYb3SIUcV1aF_dfJR |url-status=dead }}</ref> |March 21, 2014 |06:34 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Catbug assembles an away team to save the day, while the Warriors handle things on deck. Featuring Slippy Napkins, voiced by Polly Livingston (Tree Trunks from Adventure Time). |- |'''WWE Slam City''' (re-broadcast: '''WWE Slam City: Ep 1''') |March 17, 2014, January 11, 2015 |02:25 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|After being fired from the WWE by a mysterious masked man - "The Finisher" - John Cena takes a job as a mechanic at a local auto repair shop. |- |'''WWE Slam City: Ep 2''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/pMK5aibodelzClta4NpdgAKUEHl1iFfi |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025623/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/pMK5aibodelzClta4NpdgAKUEHl1iFfi |url-status=dead }}</ref> |March 22, 2014, July 31, 2014, January 12, 2015 |02:09 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Coffee house barista extraordinaire Alberto Del Rio finds himself at odds with a very unsatisfied customer in Damien Sandow. [7/31/2014 title: Slam City Marathon: #2] |- |'''WWE Slam City: Ep 3''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/HVVmEIs7XD0Iho2yf1svjnSvkn_xvMrX |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025628/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/HVVmEIs7XD0Iho2yf1svjnSvkn_xvMrX |url-status=dead }}</ref> |March 27, 2014 |02:08 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|John Cena's latest customer is an unreasonable Big Show, and their attitudes collide inside a jumper cable ring. |- |'''Merewif Tag [Bravest Warriors]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/Nac3tDPlPDScPx1TNiEXBSJsac4Gqrf3 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025633/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/Nac3tDPlPDScPx1TNiEXBSJsac4Gqrf3 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |March 28, 2014, February 2, 2015 |06:30 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Chris and Plum play Merewif Tag but little does Chris know that it makes them trade bodies! Chris with clappy pig hands and Plum with swooshy hair - what about movie night with Beth?! |- |'''WWE Slam City: Ep 4''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/wuZfKqk458MkHmT5Rloc6yQHUisAtAs5 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025640/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/wuZfKqk458MkHmT5Rloc6yQHUisAtAs5 |url-status=dead }}</ref> (Re-broadcast: '''Slam City Marathon: #4''') |April 1, 2014, January 16, 2015, June 25, 2015 |01:57 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Santino Marella arrives to try to take Kane's job as chef, but the Big Red Monster won't give up his post so easily. |- |'''Dimension Garden [Bravest Warriors]''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/NLlhV9m9Uni3wd5gn5TC9buGQfMXkAiV</ref> |April 4, 2014 |06:57 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|The Bravest Children come across a potential brain sucker growing in Ralph Waldo Pickle Chips' garden and causes Wallow to become highly suspicious. This doesn't bode well... Wallow needs their help!! |- |'''WWE Slam City: Ep 5''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/PmnVmbBETSSYGfAhnPr1nFJVxKfug3yF</ref> |April 6, 2014 |02:00 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|When traffic refuses to stop to allow school children to cross safely, Rey Mysterio springs into action to clear the way. |- |'''Our New Electrical Morals [Bravest Warriors]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/VCSzPSQiTSObj9B9cNZ-4EDL7vNCO2TF |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025657/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/VCSzPSQiTSObj9B9cNZ-4EDL7vNCO2TF |url-status=dead }}</ref> |April 11, 2014 |05:29 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Douglas and Business Cat must forestall bankruptcy when a dumb baby comes bouncing into their lives, ringing in a new age of economic failure and existential angst. |- |'''WWE Slam City: Ep 6''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/PmnVmbBETSSYGfAhnPr1nFJVxKfug3yF</ref> |April 11, 2014, August 4, 2014, January 20, 2015 |02:02 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Theater usher Sheamus has to confront the most obnoxious theater-goer ever in Brock Lesnar, resulting in the two of them being thrown into the movie itself! To be continued... [8/4/2014 title: Slam City Marathon: #6] |- |'''WWE Slam City: Ep 7''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/qpt16nyNp0B3tjRD-EAsqIMCFuhGlb8h |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025703/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/qpt16nyNp0B3tjRD-EAsqIMCFuhGlb8h |url-status=dead }}</ref> |April 16, 2014 |01:53 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|A visit from WWE Legend Stone Cold Steve Austin has Alberto Del Rio scrambling to figure out how to prepare a Stone Cold Latte. |- |'''Rocket Dog [Bravest Warriors]''' |April 18, 2014 |05:57 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Follow Bob as he desperately tries to woo a girlfriend while his loyal, yet deranged pet, Rocket Dog, presents new challenges at every turn. [In 2-D.] |- |'''WWE Slam City: Ep 8''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/SSP8yaqIOdLFTFLL8vRPhNXCfAYDK0V2 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025708/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/SSP8yaqIOdLFTFLL8vRPhNXCfAYDK0V2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |April 21, 2014, January 24, 2015 |01:52 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Kane serves up meatloaf to a bratty kid who wants his lunch a little hotter than usual. The Devil's favorite Demon is more than happy to oblige! [In 2-D.] |- |'''Magnet Movers''' |April 25, 2014 |00:27 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Magnets are super cool and can be super helpful! Professor Gimbal helps the Pod Squad discover the ways that magnets can help them out and even help them find Flex's missing Doodriver. [In 2-D.] |- |'''Bee and PuppyCat''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/6M1cM2B8CuthQOCFpvXuzBtFPtXWCPlk |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2017-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920104851/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/6M1cM2B8CuthQOCFpvXuzBtFPtXWCPlk |url-status=dead }}</ref> |April 25, 2014 [previously broadcast in two parts, see above.] |11:19 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Bee, a reluctant hero, becomes entangled in the adventures of a puppy (...or is he a cat?) as they are whisked off to another dimension to complete a mysterious quest. [In 2-D.] |- |'''Nerdy Nummies''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/Ml5VjlT2IUtlzAciwXTPvtYS32OxNmcy |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025713/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/Ml5VjlT2IUtlzAciwXTPvtYS32OxNmcy |url-status=dead }}</ref> |April 26, 2014 |08:36 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Today I made Mario Piranha Cookie Pops! I enjoy making nerdy themed goodies and decorating them. Check out my YouTube channel for more and let me know what kind of treat you'd like me to make next! [In 2-D.] |- |'''WWE Slam City: Ep 9''' |April 26, 2014 |01:54 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Check E Cheese style host Mark Henry battles an evil animatronic penguin for the soul of the kids birthday pizza haven. [In 2-D.] [8/7/2014ish title: Slam City Marathon: #9] |- |'''Flapjackster Mystery''' |May 2, 2014 |01:23 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Baker Timer Bolt's pancake flipping machine, the Flapjackster, keeps disappearing. He needs help from The Pod Squad to find out why. They put on their detective hats to help him solve the mystery. [In 2-D.] |- |'''Doctor Lollipop [Bravest Warriors]''' |May 2, 2014 |06:07 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Feeling sick? Is your stomach filled to the brim and overflowing with candy and characters from fairy tales? Then you need to book an appointment with the top PhD-holding unicorn, "Doctor Lollipop".[In 2-D.] |- |'''Puzzles and Mysteries: [sic] [Doozers]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/AWxTJ3LA-wCTEFMoqR_JlQKnLWPAKGv9 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025719/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/AWxTJ3LA-wCTEFMoqR_JlQKnLWPAKGv9 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |May 8, 2014 |00:52 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Professor Gimbal gives the Pod Squad a Mystery Box! They need to solve the puzzle and open it to get to what's inside. [In 2-D.] |- |'''Epic Recap Part 1 [Bravest Warriors]''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/2p8Kxv0tHGNafAqvic45Cqef7Ku4yHpu</ref> |May 9, 2014, February 6, 2015 |01:44 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Catch up on the Emotion Lord story arc from seasons 1 and 2 to prepare for the last 3 episodes of season 2. [In 2-D.] |- |'''WWE Slam City: Ep 10''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/67W4f9LoRPDWivTBTyjHQoSVVMxHyCSe |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025726/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/67W4f9LoRPDWivTBTyjHQoSVVMxHyCSe |url-status=dead }}</ref> |May 12, 2014, January 28, 2015 |02:02 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|CM Punk accidentally spills onto the Miz's pristine Business suit, and a battle over who should pay the dry cleaning bill ensues [In 2-D.] [8/8/2014 title: Slam City Marathon: #10] |- |'''Meet the Doozers [Doozers]''' |May 15, 2014 |00:35 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Watch the Pod Squad work together to put their ideas into action. Come back next week to check out a new Doozers clip and watch full episodes on Hulu Plus. Join the adventure! [In 2-D.] |- |'''Epic Recap Part 2 [Bravest Warriors]''' |May 16, 2014, February 7, 2015 |01:47 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Catch up on Plum's story arc from seasons 1 and 2 to prepare for the last 3 episodes of season 2. [In 2-D.] |- |'''WWE Slam City: Ep 11''' |May 17, 2014 |02:03 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Shamus and Brock Lesnar roll into the old west where they continue to battle over who's in charge of the movie. Sets up for the epic conclusion... [In 2-D.] |- |'''Dippleplant [Doozers]''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/hedlEHTBjblz86rAS-FmEI3SE4Fjw4K8</ref> |May 22, 2014 |00:44 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|The Pod Squad has grown a dippleplant from just a little seed. Now they hope to get into the Doozer Creek Records book for the largest plant, but will it measure up? [In 2-D.] |- |'''WWE Slam City: Ep 12''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/ZNy46m2WLYMcyuMPLY6L1Wg1EgmBQ1tA |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025737/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/ZNy46m2WLYMcyuMPLY6L1Wg1EgmBQ1tA |url-status=dead }}</ref> |May 22, 2014, February 1, 2015 |02:05 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Rey Mysterio is challenged by Damien Sandow over who is more qualified to take care of the children and grandmothers crossing the street. [In 2-D.] |- |'''Epic Recap Part 3 [Bravest Warriors]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/urxk-VP4DzIkPS-Jq04OX1LetKUc5T_Z |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025742/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/urxk-VP4DzIkPS-Jq04OX1LetKUc5T_Z |url-status=dead }}</ref> |May 23, 2014 |01:40 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Catch up on Beth's story arc from seasons 1 and 2 to prepare for the last 3 episodes of season 2. [In 2-D.] |- |'''WWE Slam City: Ep 13''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/t7_UJ2GdpcKSXIQPQpNPU4Q3ZniIqTgQ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025747/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/t7_UJ2GdpcKSXIQPQpNPU4Q3ZniIqTgQ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |May 27, 2014, February ?, 2015 |02:31 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Behind the scenes at WWE, The Finisher reveals his dastardly plan – imprisoning Mr. McMahon and out to steal the WWE Championship, proclaiming himself to be Champion! [In 2-D.] [8/11/2014 title: Slam City Marathon: #13] |- |'''[Bravest Warriors]''' |May 30, 2014 |06:59 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Chris is whisked away on a mission of great importance by an unseen force operating in the shadows. Oh wait, it's just the Emotion Lord. Chris discovers his ultimate mission to change his fate. [In 2-D.] |- |'''Playground Break [Doozers]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/hedlEHTBjblz86rAS-FmEI3SE4Fjw4K8 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025732/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/hedlEHTBjblz86rAS-FmEI3SE4Fjw4K8 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |June 1, 2014 |01:44 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|The Pod Squad needs a quick play break from problem solving. They go to their favorite playground with Professor Gimbal and stumble upon what might be the answer to their problem. [In 2-D.] |- |'''Charlie the Unicorn''' |June 6, 2014 |04:18 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Charlie and friends go to the mysterious Candy Mountain. [In 2-D.] |- |'''The Picnic [Shaun the Sheep]''' |June 12, 2014, August 23, 2014 |01:12 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|The farmer is enjoying a quiet afternoon's fishing - until he catches more than he bargained for! |- |'''Season of the Worm [Bravest Warriors]''' |June 13, 2014, February 21, 2015 |06:55 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|In part 1 of a 2 part finale, hamsters flee from the invisible hideout and the Bravest Warriors need to figure out what's going on! Wallow receives a Falcon Mod, Danny steps it up and Beth kicks butt! [In 2-D.] |- |'''Ultimate Dragon Racing [How to Train Your Dragon 2 video game trailer]''' |June 10, 2014 |00:45 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Return to the epic island of Berk, where The Dragon Races have become the awesome new sport for Viking adrenaline junkies. [In 2-D] |- |'''Penalty! [Shaun the Sheep]''' |June 19, 2014, August 25, 2014, May 28, 2015 |01:13 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|The flock is having a friendly game of soccer in the barn until the game reaches new heights when a shot goes out of reach. |- |'''Season of the Mitch [Bravest Warriors]''' |June 20, 2014, February 23, 2015 |06:41 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|In the last part of the finale, Beth, Danny and Wallow face off against Ralph Waldo Pickle Chips and the Aeon Worm! [In 2-D.] |- |'''Babysitting Timmy [Shaun the Sheep]''' |June 26, 2014, August 27, 2014 |01:41 (re-run 1:13) |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Shaun is left in charge of Timmy while his mom goes shopping, but things get a little hairy while she's away. |- |'''Meet the New Dragons! [How to Train Your Dragon 2 trailer]''' |June 30, 2014 |02:33 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|How to Train Your Dragon 2 -- More Dragons than you could ever imagine! They come in all shapes and sizes, and everyone has one. Check 'em out now! [In 2-D.] |- |'''Bitzer Over Easy [Shaun the Sheep]''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/PXQxY1FXSVRMa4ArLCqWxUR9_kE7ARaZ</ref> |July 3, 2014, August 29, 2014 |01:48 (re-run: 1:13) |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Bitzer is determined to make sure the Farmer has eggs for breakfast, but will his plan fall flat? |- |'''Dragons & Riders [How to Train Your Dragon 2 interviews]''' |July 4, 2014 |01:58 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Explore the relationships between Dragons and Riders. Each duo is unique and shares a special connection. So, who are you rooting for in the Races? [In 2-D.] |- |'''The Art Class [Shaun the Sheep]''' |July 10, 2014 |01:13 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|The flock are brushing up their drawing skills -- until the class is brought to an abrupt halt! |- |'''Brazil v Columbia [sic] [Nintendo Video Sports Highlights]''' |July 10, 2014 |03:11 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|The hosts battle the upstarts from Columbia [sic] to determine who will continue their championship dreams... |- |'''The Best of the Best [Nintendo Video Sports Highlights]''' |July 11, 2014, July 24, 2014 |03:40 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|David Luiz scores a beauty, Pepe sees red, and Neymar suffers a heartbreaking injury. Watch a montage of this year's most memorable moments, lovingly recreated, brick-by-brick [sic]. [In 2-D] |- |'''Brazil 1 - 7 Germany [Nintendo Video Sports Highlights]''' |July 14, 2014 |02:25 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|In one of the most extraordinary games in the history of the sport, Germany's ruthless assault scores 5 goals in the opening 29 minutes to crush the dreams of the host nation. [In 2-D] |- |'''Sprout-Shooters [Shaun the Sheep]''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/oYbjiquVipXX-rOSWiez0AINil4ln-PF</ref> |July 17, 2014 |01:13 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|The mischievous pigs are up to their usual naughty tricks causing havoc on the farm, until Shaun finds a way to get his own back. |- |'''Germany v Argentina [Nintendo Video Sports Highlights]''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/8cHgJxnmRXhAQZ_NOU19T-IVFo6wK1Wm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025803/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/8cHgJxnmRXhAQZ_NOU19T-IVFo6wK1Wm |url-status=dead }}</ref> |July 17, 2014 |02:44 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|In the final match of the 2014 World Cup, Germany's Mario Götze scores the decisive goal in extra time to bring home the coveted trophy. [In 2-D] |- |'''Dragon Races! [How to Train Your Dragon 2 trailer]''' |July 18, 2014 |02:03 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|They're finally here: the Dragon Races! Astrid goes for the win, but will she make it?! [In 2-D] |- |'''Dead End''' |July 20, 2014 |05:47 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|The Internet is haunted at Morningwood Road! Barney, Norma, and Pugsley must appease the ghost before she makes a meme of them all. [In 2-D] |- |'''Members Only [Shaun the Sheep]''' |July 24, 2014, September 4, 2014 |01:13 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|The farmer is curious when he hears strange noises coming from a haystack and goes to explore, but the Flock aren't about to reveal their secret. |- |'''Marshmallow People''' |July 25, 2014 |01:41 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|What is all this marshmallow nonsense. [In 2-D] |- |'''Chainsaw Richard''' |August 1, 2014 |05:17 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Do YOU want to see a burly man with chainsaws. Well, so do Tiny Ghost and Ramses. [In 2-D] |- |'''Llamas with Hats [Film Cow]''' |August 8, 2014 |01:19 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|All the fun with llamas, but with the added comfort of hats! [In 2-D] |- |'''WWE Slam City: Ep 14''' |August 11, 2014, February 5, 2015 |02:16 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|As Mark Henry settles in for his diner pizza, The Rock bursts in to claim the pizza for himself. They battle, only to be outwitted by an animatronic penguin! [In 2-D.] |- |'''Manly''' |August 15, 2014 |06:30 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Manly is sent on a mission to save her brother and gain approval of her father, who happens to be the emperor god of the universe (and kind of a jerk). [In 2-D] |- |'''WWE Slam City: Ep 15''' |August 17, 2014, February 7, 2015 |02:13 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Mark Henry and the [sic] Rock team up to chase down and defeat the animatronic penguin army once and for all. [In 2-D.] |- |'''3D-Machine Series: Ep. 1''' |August 21, 2014 |02:32 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Attack of the Giant Lizard' [sic] -- In this first episode a giant lizard wreaks havoc. Igor and the professor must chase the monster through the Japanese Metropolis [sic] to zap it back to its comic book. |- |'''Spacebear''' |August 22, 2014 |05:33 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Spacebear and the Astro-Magus Perplexulo, face off... in SPACE! At a Gas-Teroid. [In 2-D] |- |'''Cartoon Conspiracies 1''' |August 29, 2014 |05:17 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Emily tackles the top 5 Adventure Time conspiracies! Find out which theories hold up on this week's Cartoon Conspiracy! [In 2-D] |- |'''Cartoon Conspiracies 2''' |September 5, 2014 |06:09 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|This week Emily has special guest Chad from LewToons help her discuss some of the most controversial conspiracies from Disney's hit TV show, Gravity Falls. What do the eyes and symbols really mean? [In 2-D] |- |'''WWE Slam City: Ep 16''' |September 8, 2014, February 9, 2015 |02:09 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|CM Punk brawls with Damien Sandow over the value of wisdom versus ice cream, and Punk leads Sandow brilliantly into a trap with the Monster Kane. [In 2-D.] |- |'''Cartoon Conspiracies 3''' |September 12, 2014 |03:54 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|This week we take a look at some of Cartoon Network's more popular cartoons, The Powerpuff Girls and Samurai Jack. Could they possibly be part of the same universe? [In 2-D] |- |'''WWE Slam City: Ep 17''' |September 13, 2014, February 11, [[2015]] |01:51 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Alberto challenges Miz to a duel after the cocky Superstar threatens to use the facilities without making a purhcase. Coffee house [sic] blasphemy! [In 2-D.] |- |'''Cartoon Conspiracies 4''' |September 19, 2014 |03:59 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Don't be scared! This week Emily is looking into the popular Cartoon Network series, "Courage the Cowardly Dog". [In 2-D] |- |'''WWE Slam City: Ep 18''' |September 18, 2014 |01:58 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Daniel Bryan visits his old tag team partner Kane's kitchen, desperate to find a recipe of old. But Rey Mysterio has designs on a FOOD FIGHT! [In 2-D.] |- |'''WWE Slam City: Ep 19''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/mTvwYxk6fYDiVPPQ-hYsiLq-vhTWKPlR |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025807/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/mTvwYxk6fYDiVPPQ-hYsiLq-vhTWKPlR |url-status=dead }}</ref> |September 23, 2014 |02:05 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Unable to find a job anywhere in SLAM CITY, Santino wanders the streets alone, until a happy accident puts him in the most unlikely employment. [In 2-D.] |- |'''Cartoon Conspiracies 5''' |September 26, 2014 |02:51 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Is the evil Dr. Heinz Doofenshmirtz really Phineas' dad? They both seem to have a knack for inventing... [In 2-D] |- |'''Cartoon Conspiracies 6''' |October 3, 2014 |04:40 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Are all the students actually ghosts haunting the playground? Watch this week's episode to find out. [In 2-D] |- |'''Down the Toilet [Shaun the Sheep]''' |October 9, 2014 (re-run?) |01:13 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Shaun and Blitzer are playing a tense game of table tennis until a misplaced shot takes Shaun on an unexpected journey. |- |'''Cartoon Conspiracies 7''' |October 10, 2014 |02:40 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|This week Emily takes a look at the unlikely cartoon duo, "Pinky and the Brain" [sic] One is a genius, and the other is insane... but which one is really which? [In 2-D] |- |'''WWE Slam City: Ep 20''' |date?, February 17, 2015 |01:45 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|When Mark Henry shows up for some ice cream, CM Punk can't resist poking the bear, but the net result is damage to Punk's prized ice cream cart.[In 2-D] |- |'''WWE Slam City: Ep 21''' |October 13, 2014 |02:01 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Randy Orton rules the zoo with an iron fist, but an unruly gorilla resists bath time. What's an apex predator to do? [In 2-D.] |- |'''Story Time [Shaun the Sheep]''' |October 16, 2014 |01:13 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|When the flock is plunged into darkness, they discover a remarkable way to get the light back on. |- |'''Cartoon Conspiracies 8''' |October 17, 2014 |02:39 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|WALL-E has been trapped alone on earth for years, but how did he become alone? Did he cannibalize his other robot brothers and sisters?! [In 2-D] |- |'''WWE Slam City: Ep 22''' |October 18, 2014, February 21, 2015 |01:52 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|The Viper Randy battles with the Cobra Santino over who is the more dominant snake in the zoo, but both are outdone by a surprise Rattlesnake Steve Austin. [In 2-D.] |- |'''WWE Slam City: Ep 23''' |October 23, 2014, February 23, 2015 |01:49 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Randy's new mentor Steve Austin helps him in a confrontation with an out-of-his-realm goatman in the bearded and busy Daniel Bryan. [In 2-D.] |- |'''Kite [Shaun the Sheep]''' |October 24, 2014 |02:08 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|It's a windy day when Shaun tries to fly his new kite -- but the wind turns out to be the least of his troubles! [Includes promo for National Streetpass Weekend.] |- |'''Cartoon Conspiracies 9''' |October 24, 2014 |02:15 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Who is Dr. Claw? This week Emily finds out, with this Inspector Gadget Conspira cy [sic] Theory. Could Inspector Gadget and Dr. Claw actually be the same person? And what is Penny's role in all of this? [In 2-D] |- |'''WWE Slam City: Ep 24''' |October 28, 2014 |01:57 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Sheamus and Brock roll through a variety of movie genres before finally winding up back in SLAM CITY, much to the audience's delight. [In 2-D.] |- |'''Bee and PuppyCat''' |October 31, 2014 [previously broadcast in two parts] |11:19 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Bee and PuppyCat the series comes out on November 6th on youtube.com/cartoonhangover! [In 2-D] |- |'''WWE Slam City: Ep 25''' |November 2, 2014, February 27, 2015 |02:22 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|As John Cena closes up shop for the night, The Finisher is caught with his hand in the cookie jar stealing the WWE Championship. [In 2-D.] |- |'''Tomodachi Life Lesson''' |November 3, 2014 |04:15 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Lessons From Space: Friendship. To better understand humanity, 2 aliens apply their research of the video game Tomodachi Life to real life on Earth. It goes...well, you better see for yourself. [In 2-D.] |- |'''WWE Slam City: Ep 26''' |November 3, 2014, March 1, 2015 |02:56 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|The Finisher has captured John Cena in his dastardly trap, but a surprise entrance from The Rock and the two team up to defeat the villain. [In 2-D.] |- |'''Bee and PuppyCat Ep. 1''' |November 7, 2014, June 18, 2015 |06:38 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|One morning Bee wakes from a dream and is starving. New recipe in hand Bee and PuppyCat head to the store and then to cook with Deckard. Oh yeah -- there's a talking cicada. [In 2-D.] |- |'''Turbo FAST Funapalooza''' |November 8, 2014 |02:07 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|The Turbo FAST team goes on a video game marathon! Watch the full episode now on Netflix! [In 2-D.] |- |'''Tomodachi Life Lesson''' |November 8, 2014 |04:33 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|To destroy humans, Captain Noobar and Science Officer Pookin must first understand humans. The aliens being their research with Tomodachi Life. It leads to the death of a sandwich. Poor sandwich. [In 2-D.] |- |'''Cartoon Conspiracies 10''' |November 14, 2014 |02:30 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|This week we're looking at the "Tangled, Frozen and The Little Mermaid Theory" which claims that Tangled, Frozen and The Little Mermaid Theory all exist within the same universe and time period. [In 2-D] |- |'''Shaun's Bale Out [Shaun the Sheep]''' |November 15, 2014 |01:13 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|It's harvest time and the Farmer gives Bitzer a weighty task to perform. Shirley unknowingly has the solution. |- |'''Bayonetta: Bloody Fate''' |November 15, 2014 |01:41 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|The cutting-edge studio behind Afro Samurai brings to life the sexy, stylish, and undeniably-badass video game vixen that prowls the shadows of your wildest dreams. [In 2-D. Age verification required.] |- |'''Super Smash Bros.''' |November 16, 2014, June 18, 2015 |01:37 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|Watch fun segments with your favorite characters, then learn the moves that will teach you How to Win at Super Smash Bros. [In 2-D] |- |'''Sheep Shoot Hoops [Shaun the Sheep]''' |November 22, 2014 |01:13 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Timmy is determined not to miss out on a thrilling game of basketball despite being the smallest in the flock. |- |'''Bee and PuppyCat Ep. 2''' |November 21, 2014 |06:36 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|After receiving a new assignment from TempBot, and in new uniforms (magic pockets included), Bee and PuppyCat slide into a farming job on Jelly Cube Planet. [In 2-D.] |- |'''Cartoon Conspiracies 11''' |November 28, 2014, June 18, 2015 |01:32 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|This week, we're looking at the "Spongebob and Nuclear Bomb Theory" which claims that Spongebob Squarepants and the rest of Bikini Bottom is the result of nuclear radiation. [In 2-D] |- |'''Super Smash Bros.''' |November 29, 2014, June 18, 2015 |02:29 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|How to Win at Smash Episode 2: Winner winner, Cucco Dinner [In 2-D] |- |'''Cartoon Conspiracies 12''' |December 5, 2014 |02:57 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|This week Emily takes a look at the Scooby-Doo universe. Could the entire original series takes [sic] place during a world economic collapse? Why else would there be so many abandoned mansions? [In 2-D] |- |'''Super Smash Bros.''' |December 6, 2014 |01:58 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|How to Win at Smash Episode 3: Luigi Number 1! [In 2-D] |- |'''Cartoon Conspiracies 13''' |December 12, 2014 |02:10 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Hey Arnold was a middle school orphan raised by his Grandparents [sic]. But where they his actual parents? [In 2-D] |- |'''Beware! Sheep Crossing [Shaun the Sheep]''' |December 13, 2014 |01:13 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|When an impatient driver disturbs the flock's peace and quiet, they decide to teach him a lesson. |- |'''Super Smash Bros.''' |December 13, 2014 |02:03 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|How to Win at Smash Episode 4: The Terror of Charizard [In 2-D] |- |'''Lamb Salsa [Shaun the Sheep]''' |December 20, 2014 |01:16 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|The farmer conducts a spontaneous musical performance by the animals, without knowing a thing about it! (Last video to be in 3-D that is not a re-run) |- |'''Bee and PuppyCat Ep. 3''' |December 19, 2014 |06:26 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Bee and PuppyCat head to the beach far, far away, while their toilet is being fixed by the new landlord. Guess what? There's food! [In 2-D.] |- |'''Super Smash Bros.''' |December 13, 2014 |02:26 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|How to Win at Smash Ep. 5: Little Mac, Big Smack! [In 2-D] |- |'''Cartoon Conspiracies 14''' |December 26, 2014 |03:35 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|What do all of the characters from Frozen, Tarzan and Beauty and the Beast all have in common? They're all from the same family tree! [In 2-D] |- |'''Super Smash Bros.''' |December 26, 2014 |02:36 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|How to Win at Smash Ep. 6: The Diddy Disaster [In 2-D] |- |'''Bee and PuppyCat Ep. 4''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/mCuBCiu9UK3Os9nQBIsjrkGFcMr5D0pb |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025813/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/mCuBCiu9UK3Os9nQBIsjrkGFcMr5D0pb |url-status=dead }}</ref> |January 2, 2015 |06:41 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Bee and PuppyCat take on a furry new temp job involving lots of big kitties and a little bit of TV viewing. [In 2-D.] |- |'''Super Smash Bros.'''<ref name=":3">https://web.archive.org/web/20150105212105/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/-rBC5mIZUFrmEkN_OskPCMqEFOu_DOY1</ref> |January 3, 2015 |02:20 |Bottom Right |- |colspan=4|How to Win at Smash Ep. 7: Do a Barrel Roll! [In 2-D] |- |'''Cartoon Conspiracies 15''' |January 9, 2015 |03:55 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|In this special episode of Cartoon Conspiracy Emily and Sarah head to the most magical place on earth, Disneyland in California. [In 2-D] |- |'''Super Smash Bros.''' |January 10, 2015 |02:01 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|How to Win at Smash Ep. 8: A New World [In 2-D] |- |'''Cartoon Conspiracies 16''' |January 16, 2015 |03:59 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|We take a look at the latest Disney release Big Hero 6 and how it could possible tie into other famous Disney movies like Frozen, Tangled, The Little Mermaid, Aladdin, and Bolt. [In 2-D] |- |'''Cartoon Conspiracies 17''' |January 23, 2015 |03:59 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Dexter's parents have stumbled across his secret laboratory so many times, perhaps they're not just oblivious but also clones, replaced every time they find his huge secret. [In 2-D] |- |'''Super Smash Bros.''' |January 24, 2015 |02:21 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|How to Win at Smash Ep. 9: Triforce Of... [sic] ... Whoops! [In 2-D] |- |'''Make Da Band [Mondo Media]''' |January 31, 2015, May 9, 2015 |00:59 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Batman wants to make da band and Piderman helps, but den Piderman gets confubsed. [In 2-D] |- |'''Super Smash Bros.''' |January 31, 2015 |02:32 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|How to Win at Smash Ep. 10: Edgy Dance Moves! [In 2-D] |- |'''Escape Da Cakes [Mondo Media]''' <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/Q9x2CKnwQXzu4sZA4jKncYsO4Wp4_4du</ref> |February 7, 2015, May 2, 2015 |01:05 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Tuba tells Piderman how to escape Baman from da cakes he made. [In 2-D] |- |'''Cartoon Conspiracies 18''' |February 7, 2015 |03:54 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Emily has discovered a theory that says that the 'lady killer' Bravo might be a child the entire team! Is this why all the ladies turn him away? [In 2-D] |- |'''Cartoon Conspiracies 19''' |February 13, 2015 |04:56 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|This week Emily and her friend Byarly dive into one of our favorite children's shows: Winnie the Pooh. Does Tigger have ADHD? Does Rabbit have OCD? [In 2-D] |- |'''Make Da Cards [Mondo Media]''' |February 14, 2015 |01:18 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Piderman makes da card for Baman but someone watched him! [In 2-D] |- |'''Cartoon Conspiracies 20''' |February 20, 2015 |04:01 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Did the creator of both cartoons, Butch Hatman, create Danny Phantom to be the older version of Timmy Turner and the Fairly Odd Parents series? Watch to find out what Emily and Brizzy think! [In 2-D] |- |'''Practice Da Counting [Mondo Media]''' |February 21, 2015 |01:22 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Piderman wants to count better but he needs baman [sic] to help him. [In 2-D] |- |'''Cartoon Conspiracies 21''' |February 27, 2015 |04:01 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Is it possible that two famous villainesses could actually be the same person, specifically Mother Gothel from Tangled and the Evil Queen/Witch from Snow White? Emily has a theory. [In 2-D] |- |'''Bizundarr [Mondo Media]''' |February 28, 2015 |02:37 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Remember the movie Superman IV: The Quest for Peace, where Gene Hackman cloned Superman to make a bad guy? It's pretty much better than Citizen Kane, Casablanca & Schindler's List all rolled into one. [In 2-D] |- |'''Fin Punch Ep. 1 [Cartoon Hangover]''' |March 6, 2015 |01:07 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Meet McClane! He's a handsome dolphin who wants to conquer humankind. Talk about an HR nightmare. [In 2-D] |- |'''The Suck [Mondo Media]''' |March 7, 2015 |03:17 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|"Suck Tower" is a cartoon about a tower in a magical realm that sucks, and the people that are forced to live and work there. It's mostly about the suck, though. [In 2-D] |- |'''Cartoon Conspiracies 22''' |March 13, 2015 |02:21 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|While Otto was raised by a single parent, Raymundo, some have suspected that he may not have been his ACTUAL father! But then who's the real dad? [In 2-D] |- |'''Assassin's Creed [Mondo Media]''' |March 14, 2015 |01:40 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Taking an apple isn't such a good idea when the fanboys are into Assassin's Creed. [In 2-D] |- |'''Fin Punch Episode 2 [Cartoon Hangover]''' |March 20, 2015 |02:37 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|McClane catches the eye of a beautiful woman at a bar. Unfortunately, her boyfriend isn't quite as happy to meet him. Then, just another day in the life of Murphy the narwhal. [In 2-D] |- |'''Mass Effect [Mondo Media]''' |March 21, 2015 |02:07 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|The fanboys (and girl) are really into Mass Effect! See how they deal with the reapers in their own way. [In 2-D] |- |'''Gator Dudes [Mondo Media]''' |March 28, 2015 |02:52 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|GATOR JOE and GATOR JIM are two totally WICKED gator friends on a badocious adventure through a MYSTERIOUS FACTORY. Tag along as they HIT stuff with their MIGHTY BATS and ROCK OUT with sweet shades. [In 2-D] |- |'''Cartoon Conspiracies 23''' |March 27, 2015 |02:53 | Top Right |- |colspan=4| This week, Emily re-examines Disney's "Frozen" for the creepiest theory yet! Is it possible that the two [Frozen and The Shining] could secretly be the same movie?? [In 2-D] |- |'''Fin Punch Episode 3 [Cartoon Hangover]''' |April 3, 2015 |02:41 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|The Manager catches McClane in a compromising position. Then, Mirna takes McClane to a haunting place from his past, where an old nemesis awaits him... [In 2-D] |- |'''Evil 3D Printer [Mondo Media]''' |April 4, 2015 |02:53 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|James and James use a 3D printer to print doctor things. [In 2-D] |- |'''Cartoon Conspiracies 24''' |April 10, 2015 |05:14 | Top Right |- |colspan=4| Jessie the Cowgirl's tragic backstory was one of the most touching scenes in the film, but could there be a mystery that we weren't aware of? Could Jessie's previous owner actually be Andy's Mom? [In 2-D] |- |'''Play Da Concert [Mondo Media]''' |April 11, 2015 |02:37 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|The Best Friends Band is having a concert, but Pumkin is nervous. [In 2-D] |- |'''Zelda Termina Tour Ep. 1''' |April 11, 2015 |08:02 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Clock Town #1: Legend of Zelda series producer Eiji Aonua introduces us to Clock Town -- the busy central hub of the world of Termina. [In 2-D] |- |'''Zelda Termina Tour Ep. 2''' |April 16, 2015 |09:07 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Clock Town #2: Mr. Eiji Aonua shows us around some more interesting parts of Clock Town -- including a hidden Rupee treasure chest! [In 2-D] |- |'''Fin Punch Episode 4 [Cartoon Hangover]''' |April 17, 2015 |03:23 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Murphy left McClane at the bottom of the sea, but help is on the way in the form of a VERY friendly spirit guardian. Then, Mirna sings the blues. Seems like her choices are coming back to haunt her... [In 2-D] |- |'''Frow Da Party [Mondo Media]''' |April 18, 2015 |01:22 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Baman and Piderman frow a big party. [In 2-D]|} |- |'''Zelda Termina Tour Ep. 3''' |April 23, 2015 |05:52 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Mr. Eiji Aonua takes on the Clock Town shooting gallery minigame. Are his box and arrow reflexes up to snuff? [In 2-D] |- |'''Cartoon Conspiracies 25''' |April 24, 2015 |04:10 | Top Right |- |colspan=4|This week, Emily attempts to determine whether or not the super world of Mario is, in reality, just an elaborate STAGE PLAY!!! [In 2-D] |- |'''Fimd Da Jobs [Mondo Media]''' |April 25, 2015 |03:55 |Bottom Left |- |colspan=4|Baman is sad but das okay cuz he has best fwiends for helps! [In 2-D] |- |'''Zelda Termina Tour Ep. 4''' |April 30, 2015 |09:32 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Off to the races: Mr. Eiji Aonua places Rupee bets at the Doggy Racetrack. Wanna bet he can pick a winner? [In 2-D] |- |'''Fin Punch Episode 5 [Cartoon Hangover]''' |May 1, 2015 |03:46 |Top Right |- |colspan=4|Beluga and McClane return to the office to get his job back, but a few other McClanes who've [sic] beat him to it. When campaign staffers question his standing in the polls, Murphy expands on his platform. [In 2-D] |- |'''Zelda Termina Tour Ep. 5''' |May 7, 2015 |08:11 |Top Left |- |colspan=4|Mental Training: Mr. Eiji Aonua tries to beat the Postman's mini-game. All he has to do is count to 10 seconds exactly. It can't be that hard...can it? [In 2-D] |- |'''Cartoon Conspiracies 26''' |May 8, 2015 |05:23 | Top Right |- |colspan=4|If you grew up in the '90s, there's a good chance you remember DuckTales, Darkwing Duck and Quack Pack. Is it possible that they could all exist in the SAME UNIVERSE? [In 2-D] |} == List of Nintendo Video original programming == This is a list of Nintendo Video original programming, series that were made to release exclusively on the Nintendo Video service, listed chronologically by the first episode's premiere date. {| class="fandom-table" |+ !Title !Genre !Studio !Episodes |- |'''''Dinosaur Office''''' |Comedy |[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CollegeHumor CollegeHumor] |23 |- | colspan="4" |Stop-motion claymation series about an office where the workers are dinosaurs.<ref name=":4">https://www.facebook.com/samreichstuff/posts/given-the-unexpected-response-to-this-heres-a-brief-history-of-dinosaur-office-d/929196942361005/. Sam Reich on Facebook. "given the unexpected response to this, here's a brief history of dinosaur office: "dinosaur office" was one of of five pilots we as collegehumor created for the nintendo 3DS. others included "bearshark" and "pizza quest. ...nintendo unfortunately sunsetted their original content efforts shortly thereafter, but the series is still available to watch in 2D on youtube."</ref> The series was based on a stop-motion web series released on YouTube by the show's creators.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20161013234047/http://dinosauroffice.com/about. "Dinosaur Office was created by Kevin Corrigan, Caldwell Tanner and Brian Murphy. The three of us are writers at Collegehumor.com. Back in October 2010 we started making short videos with dinosaur action figures after work for fun. Since then Dinosaur Office has been expanded into a claymation series for [[Nintendo]] and Collegehumor."</ref> It was later made into a claymation series exclusively for Nintendo Video, animated by Stoopid Buddy Studios.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":0">https://mynintendonews.com/2013/05/05/collegehumor-dinosaur-office-and-bearshark-wouldnt-exist-without-nintendo/. "'''CollegeHumor''': [[Nintendo]] has been great. They’ve been very supportive of us from the very beginning. ''BearShark'' the cartoon wouldn’t exist without Nintendo, nor would another series we created, ''Dinosaur Office''."</ref><ref>https://www.facebook.com/DinosaurOffice/. "Stoopid Buddy, the studio that animates Dinosaur Office, is making an upcoming Simpsons couch gag."</ref> The series was only released in North America and Europe. Episodes of the series were later released on CollegeHumor's official YouTube channel. There was plans for a video game based on the series.<ref>http://www.nintendoworldreport.com/interview/34098/bearshark-interview-with-collegehumor</ref> |- |'''''Baman and Piderman''''' | [[Black comedy]] | [[Mondo Media]] | 7 |- | colspan="4" |A series following the adventures of Baman and Piderman, characters who are parodies of ''[[Batman]]'' and ''[[Spider-Man]]''. Only released in North America (In 2D)<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/Q9x2CKnwQXzu4sZA4jKncYsO4Wp4_4du</ref> |- |'''''BearShark''''' |Comedy |[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CollegeHumor CollegeHumor] |13 |- | colspan="4" |Nintendo Video original animated series inspired by Road Runner cartoons, where a bear and a shark pursue a man called Steve.<ref name=":2">Brain (7 Feb 2013). [https://nintendoeverything.com/nintendo-and-collegehumor-team-up-for-3d-animated-series-bearshark-on-nintendo-video-for-3ds/ "Nintendo and CollegeHumor Team Up for 3D Animated Series BearShark on Nintendo Video for 3DS"]. ''Nintendo Everything''. "Starting Feb. 8, [[Nintendo]] is partnering with CollegeHumor.com to bring an original 3D animated program to Nintendo Video for the [[Nintendo 3DS]] system. BearShark is an animated series that follows a bear and shark tag-team as they cause hilarious mayhem over land and sea in their continued pursuit of a poor sap named Steve. On Feb. 8, the first episode of BearShark will premiere on Nintendo Video for Nintendo 3DS. Subsequent episodes will premiere exclusively on Nintendo Video on a regular basis. BearShark marks the continuing partnership between Nintendo and CollegeHumor.com, which previously brought the wildly popular and ongoing Dinosaur Office series to Nintendo Video.</ref> A pilot was released on Nintendo Video in 2011,<ref name=":4" /><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOUjJbhdOZA</ref> and was later made into a series in 2013, announced as a partnership between Nintendo and CollegeHumor.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /> A video game based on the series was released in 2013 on the eShop, developed by Silverball Studios. Only released in North America in Europe. |- |'''''Pizza Quest''''' |Comedy |[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CollegeHumor CollegeHumor] |1 |- | colspan="4" |An animated pilot created by CollegeHumor exclusively for Nintendo Video featuring a New York City pizza chef going on a journey to find the world’s best pizza ingredients.<ref name=":4" /><ref>https://x.com/nintendoamerica/status/99237867183808512. "New @CollegeHumor video “Pizza Quest” on Nintendo Video for Nintendo #3DS chronicles an epic journey for the world’s best pizza ingredients."</ref> Unlike ''Dinosaur Office'' and ''BearShark'', this did not lead into a series.<ref name=":6">Cohen, Joshua (8 Aug 2011). [https://www.tubefilter.com/2011/08/08/collegehumor-creates-3d-web-series-for-nintendo-3ds/ "CollegeHumor Creates 3D Web Series for Nintendo 3DS"]. ''Tubefilter''. "The home of original web series hits like ''Jake and Amir'', ''Hardly Working'', ''Troopers'', and more will develop five web show pilots, each of which will premiere in two dimensions online and three dimensions on the 3DS. Nintendo higher-ups will then choose which pilot they like the most and the selected pilot will be developed into a full-fledged (at least) six-episode web series."</ref><ref name=":5">Gross, Doug (25 July 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110727031820/http://articles.cnn.com/2011-07-25/tech/college.humor.nintendo.3ds_1_nintendo-3ds-video-game-handheld-gaming-device?_s=PM:TECH "'College Humor' joins first wave of Nintendo 3DS video"]. ''CNN Tech''. "In all, College Humor has prepared five animated, 3-D shorts exclusively for the 3DS, with plans for at least one of them to become a series."</ref> Only released in North America in Europe. |- |'''''Next Level: Hugs!''''' |Comedy |[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CollegeHumor CollegeHumor] |1 |- | colspan="4" |A live-action pilot, featuring various scenarios of people hugging, the episode involves characters trying take everyday activities to the next level. Unlike ''Dinosaur Office'' and ''BearShark'', this did not lead into a series.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":5" /> Only released in North America in Europe. |- |'''''Duel''''' |Comedy |[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CollegeHumor CollegeHumor] |1 |- | colspan="4" |A live-action pilot that pits together the world's most unlikely fighters into a duel. Unlike ''Dinosaur Office'' and ''BearShark'', this did not lead into a series.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":5" /> Only released in North America in Europe. |- |'''''the 3D-Machine''''' |Comedy | |2 |- | colspan="4" |In these videos we follow Igor and the Professor who are on a monster hunt all over the world.<ref>https://www.cartoonbrew.com/shorts/the-3d-machine-4936.html</ref> |- |'''''The Mind's Eye''''' |Action | |3 |- | colspan="4" |Follow the adventures of a young man who sees everything differently. In a world consisting of anything your mind can imagine, you get to choose what happens next.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/sRfGdsh0VAdhRbHlAyH6o0rIyJUcR4Ym |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025136/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/sRfGdsh0VAdhRbHlAyH6o0rIyJUcR4Ym |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |'''''[[Shaun the Sheep|Shaun the Sheep 3D]]''''' |Comedy |[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aardman_Animations Aardman Animations] |15 |- | colspan="4" |Original one minute episodes in stereoscopic 3D, based on the TV show, were released exclusively for Nintendo Video.<ref name=":7">Seedhouse, Alex (20 Jan 2011). [https://www.nintendo-insider.com/shaun-the-sheep-3d-animated-content-heads-to-nintendo-3ds/ "Shaun the Sheep 3D animated content heads to Nintendo 3DS"]. ''Nintendo Insider''. "It was announced at the Nintendo 3DS conference held in Amsterdam yesterday, that Aardman Animations are to create a series of 1 minute shorts of popular children’s show Shaun the Sheep in 3D, exclusively for the system."</ref><ref name=":8">[https://web.archive.org/web/20121103145450/http://www.game.co.uk/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/ArticleView?articleId=165521&catalogId=10201&langId=44&storeId=10151 "Shaun the Sheep 3D shorts coming to Nintendo Video"]. ''GAME''. "[[Nintendo 3DS]] owners will be receiving weekly doses of fluffy fun with exclusive new ''Shaun the Sheep'' shorts from March 7th 2012 onwards."</ref> In January 2016, Aardman began releasing these shorts on the ''Shaun the Sheep'' official YouTube channel every Friday, under the title ''Mossy Bottom Shorts''. |- |'''''[[Kid Icarus (series)|Kid Icarus 3D Anime]]''''' |Action, Comedy |[[:en:Production I.G|Production I.G]], [[:en:Studio 4°C|Studio 4°C]], and [[:en:Shaft (company)|Shaft Inc.]] |3 |- | colspan="4" |Announced on September 13th, 2011 during the Nintendo 3DS Conference 2011 in Japan by then-president of [[Nintendo]], [[Satoru Iwata]], they were released in March 2012 as promotional short films for the launch of ''[[Kid Icarus: Uprising]].'' Each short was produced separately by three Japanese animation studios: [[:en:Production I.G|Production I.G]], [[:en:Studio 4°C|Studio 4°C]], and [[:en:Shaft (company)|Shaft Inc.]], releasing exclusively for Nintendo Video.<ref name=":9">Lanson, Greg (12 September 2011). [https://www.crunchyroll.com/news/latest/2011/9/12/production-ig-shaft-and-studio-4c-producing-kid-icarus-anime-shorts "Production I.G., Shaft, and Studio 4ºC Producing Kid Icarus Anime Shorts"]. ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crunchyroll Crunchyroll News]''. "At [[Nintendo]]'s 'Nintendo 3DS Conference 2011,' it was announced that animation production studios SHAFT, Production I.G. and Studio 4°C are each working on an animated short related to the upcoming 3DS game, ''[[Kid Icarus: Uprising]]''. Each studio is producing their own 3-minute short which will be released for free on the Nintendo Video service worldwide."</ref><ref name=":10">https://archive.today/20240527190832/https://www.webcitation.org/6g6pqct1i?url=https://www.nintendo.co.uk/games/oms/kidicarusuprising/anime/index.html. "All movies will be distributed via Nintendo Video starting from 14 March."</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQR6dgIJkbI. "Returning exclusively to Nintendo Video."</ref> The shorts were later distributed as downloadable video applications for the 3DS on the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_eShop Nintendo eShop] in 2017, exclusively as [[My Nintendo]] rewards, to celebrate the fifth anniversary o<nowiki/>f ''Uprising''<nowiki/>'s release.<ref>Vogel, Mitch (23 Mar 2017). [https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2017/03/new_kid_icarus_awards_have_shown_up_on_my_nintendo_in_north_america "New Kid Icarus Awards Have Shown Up on My Nintendo in North America"]. ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gamer_Network#Nintendo_Life Nintendo Life]''. "Those animated shorts that came out around the time of ''Uprising''<nowiki/>'s launch are available to download, and every game in the series is discounted to some degree."</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Shin Kōshin'wa: Parutena no Kagami' Short Anime Re-released on Nintendo Video – Download version also available from October 31, 2013 |url=https://www.excite.co.jp/news/article/Inside_70968/ |website=Excite News |date=2013-10-07 |access-date=2024-07-03 |language=ja}}</ref> |- | '''''[[Kirby: Right Back at Ya!|Kirby: Right Back at Ya! 3D]]''''' | [[Comedy]]<br />[[Action film|Action]] |Warpstar Inc. | 2 |- | colspan="4" |A dubbed version of the 3D-animated ''Kirby: Right Back at Ya!'' special. From February 1 through May 1, 2019, it was listed and available for download for 100 platinum points at [[My Nintendo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://my.nintendo.com/rewards/b2ddacdf86ce9726|title=(Video): Kirby: Right Back at Ya! (Nintendo 3DS)|website=My Nintendo|access-date=August 16, 2019|archive-date=August 16, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816050132/https://my.nintendo.com/rewards/b2ddacdf86ce9726|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |'''''Threediots''''' |Comedy |Consolidated Baily Inc. and Threediots Inc. |6 |- | colspan="4" |Nintendo Video original comedy series that revolves around actors Burke (portrayed by Don Fanelli) and Lola (portrayed by Tanisha Long) as they keep their show on the air by dealing with various forces of evil. It was announced during the Nintendo 3DS Software Showcase on June 7th, 2012 during [[Electronic Entertainment Expo 2012|E3 2012]].<ref name=":11">GestaltReplicant (7 June 2012). [https://www.zeldadungeon.net/new-nintendo-video-series-threediots/ "New Nintendo Video Series: Threediots"]. ''Zelda Dungeon''. "During today’s Nintendo 3DS software conference, a new Nintendo Video-specific video series was announced – titled ''Threediots''. It’s described as a “zany” action/comedy/adventure featuring 3D effects and “lobstermen”. The various videos released on Nintendo Video have garnered a collected total of 60 million views – however, this is the first “original series” set specifically for the application."</ref> Only released in North America |- |'''''The Legend of Zelda: The Misadventures of Link''''' |Comedy |[[Nintendo]] |12 |- | colspan="4" |Comedy miniseries released as promotion for ''[[The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker|The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker HD]]'', produced by Nintendo using the machinima technique of synchronizing video footage from a video game using customized camera angles and other in-game modifications. Episodes of the series were periodically available to stream exclusively on Nintendo Video.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Misadventures of Link, Pikmin and Bravest Warriors coming to Nintendo Video|language=en-US|work=Joystiq|url=http://www.joystiq.com/2013/10/31/misadventures-of-link-pikmin-and-bravest-warriors-coming-to-nin/|access-date=2025-06-05}}</ref><ref name=":1">Amidi, Amid (3 Nov 2013). [https://www.cartoonbrew.com/shorts/nintendo-video-expands-animation-programming-with-5-new-series-90589.html "Nintendo Video Expands Animation Programming with 5 New Series"]. ''Cartoon Brew''.</ref> The series follows [[Toon Link|Link]] throughout various scenarios of the game. The episodes were later made available to stream on the Play Nintendo YouTube channel. (In 2D) |- |'''''Wildheart Riukiu''''' |Comedy |BONUS.CO.JP |4 |- | colspan="4" |A series of stop-motion shorts, ''Wildheart Riukiu'' incorporates 16-bit graphics with some not-so-charming, but hilarious, characters.<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://www.bonus.co.jp/project01?lang=en. "Distributed by US Nintendo Video channel for 3DS"</ref> |- |'''''[[Pikmin (series)|Pikmin]] Safari''''' |Mockumentary |[[Nintendo]] |3 |- | colspan="4" |A series of shorts created in ''[[Pikmin 3]]'', released exclusively for Nintendo Video.<ref name=":1" /> They are spoofs on nature documentaries. In them, the explorer, identified as Winston Chumling, follows Alph and his crew, with a cameraman recording, while they all explore and interact with the environment and creatures on PNF-404. The episodes were later made available to stream on the Play Nintendo YouTube channel. (In 2D) |- |'''''[[Tomodachi Life]]: Lessons from Space''''' |Tutorial |[[Nintendo]] |8 |- | colspan="4" |A live-action series starring two aliens, Captain Noobar and Science Officer Pookin, who had come to take over Earth, but they used ''[[Tomodachi Life]]'' as a source for what humans do on Earth. (In 2D) |- |'''''How to Win at [[Super Smash Bros. (series)|Super Smash Bros.]]''''' |Tutorial |[[Nintendo]] |10 |- | colspan="4" |A series of comedic, machinima-style short films produced by Nintendo created in [[Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U|''Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS'']], with the final two episodes being created in ''[[Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U|Super Smash Bros. for Wii U]],'' released exclusively for Nintendo Video.<ref name=":3" /> The videos were meant to teach viewers the game's basic mechanics in humorous ways. Ten episodes were produced and released in total, with each episode being initially released on Nintendo Video periodically. The episodes were later made available to stream on the Play Nintendo YouTube channel and were made available to watch on the Nintendo 3DS [[Nintendo eShop|eShop]] after the discontinuation of Nintendo Video, until the eShop itself was shut down on March 27, 2023. (In 2D) |- | '''''[[Bravest Warriors]]''''' | [[Comedy]]<br />[[Science fantasy]]<br />[[Science fiction]]<br />[[Adventure]]<br />[[Action film|Action]] | [[Frederator Studios]] | 29 |- | colspan="4" | A show revolving around the various escapades of four heroes-for-hire. This was produced by Frederator as a part of their [[Cartoon Hangover]] YouTube channel. Only released in North America. (In 2D)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/fzyDuJfL3GE6sftvn7ZwH_TtVCxL7C9w |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601025316/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/fzyDuJfL3GE6sftvn7ZwH_TtVCxL7C9w |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | '''''Cartoon Conspiracies''''' | [[Comedy]] | [[Frederator Studios]] | 26 |- | colspan="4" | A woman named Emily takes a look at various cartoon-related theories to see how well they hold up to evidence. Five episodes of the show were run on Nintendo Video, although numerous others are on YouTube. Only released in North America. (In 2D) |- | '''''[[Bee and PuppyCat]]''''' | [[Comedy]] | [[Frederator Studios]] | 5 |- | colspan="4" | A show about a job-floating young woman and the adventures she has with her dog/cat hybrid. This was produced by Frederator as a part of their Cartoon Hangover YouTube channel. Only released in North America.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/6M1cM2B8CuthQOCFpvXuzBtFPtXWCPlk |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2017-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920104851/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/6M1cM2B8CuthQOCFpvXuzBtFPtXWCPlk |url-status=dead }}</ref> (In 2D) |- | '''''Too Cool Cartoons!''''' | [[Comedy]] | [[Frederator Studios]] | 10 |- | colspan="4" | Various shorts from Cartoon Hangover, created by different people as possible series starters. The two-part pilot of [[Bee and PuppyCat]] is among this anthology. Only released in North America. (In 2D) |- |'''''Zelda Termina Tour''''' |Tutorial |[[Nintendo]] |5 |- | colspan="4" |A series of short tutorial videos hosted by [[Eiji Aonuma]] introducing viewers to the world of [[Termina]] in ''[[The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask 3D]]''. |- | '''''[[WWE Slam City]]''''' | [[Comedy]] [[Action film|Action]] | [[WWE]] | 26 |- | colspan="4" | Follow your favorite WWE fighters as how they try to get a job in Slam City. Only released in North America. (In 2D)<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/pMK5aibodelzClta4NpdgAKUEHl1iFfi</ref> |- | '''''[[Oscar's Oasis]]''''' | [[Comedy]] | [[TeamTO]] | ? |- | colspan="4" | A lizard named Oscar lives in a desert, usually trying to find food and/or water. Popy, a Fennec Fox; Buck, a Vulture; and Harchi, a Hyena, often compete with him over these essentials, riding in their battered cart through the desert. Only released in Europe. |- | '''''Meat or Die''''' | [[Comedy]] | BONUS.CO.JP | 7 |- | colspan="4" | Two monsters fight to get a bite to eat in a New York City overran by creatures.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/F0YoH92Z0dwP2DL8jX1zXYj1SjlvQWGI |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2018-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124170052/https://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/F0YoH92Z0dwP2DL8jX1zXYj1SjlvQWGI |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | '''''Marshmallow People''''' | [[Comedy]] | Film Cow | 1 |- | colspan="4" | Two marshmallows go on a quest to cure their boredom. Only released in North America. (In 2D) |- | '''''[[Charlie the Unicorn]]''''' | [[Comedy]] | Film Cow | 1 |- | colspan="4" | Charlie and two other unicorns search for Candy Mountain. Only released in North America. (In 2D) |- | '''''Llamas with Hats''''' | [[Comedy]] | Film Cow | 1 |- | colspan="4" | Carl the llama wreaks havoc on civilization, much to the displeasure of Paul the llama. Only released in North America (In 2D) |- | '''''Blue Man Group Nau Shorts''''' | [[Comedy]] [[Music]] | Nau, Blue Man Group | 5 |- | colspan="4" | The Blue Man Group get into different situations based on whatever they find in their gray room, whether it be a large remote or "upgrade" switch.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/6mnN_hbUu0SomTXC1MN2zUeflMV0Ioa7 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2017-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516155622/http://www.nintendo.com/3ds/nintendo-video/detail/6mnN_hbUu0SomTXC1MN2zUeflMV0Ioa7 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |'''''3D FuraFura City Walk Kyoto''''' | |[[NHK Enterprises]] |? |- | colspan="4" | A 3D remastered version of NHK BS Premium's "Kyoto FuraFura." Only released in Japan |- |'''''3D World Fureai City Walk''''' | |[[NHK Enterprises]] |? |- | A 3D remastered version of NHK BS Premium's "Sekai Fureai Machi Aruki." |- |'''''Tokyo Girls Collection''''' | |[[NHK Enterprises]] |? |- |Only released in Japan |- |'''''Nikkan Tobidasu''''' | |[[Fuji Television]] |? |- |Re-broadcast of content previously streamed on "Itsu no Ma ni Terebi." Only released in Japan |- |'''''Tobidasu Z''''' | |[[Fuji Television]] |? |- |The successor to "Nikkan Tobidasu."<ref>{{Cite web |title=3D Variety Program "Tobidasu Z" Distributed via Nintendo Video. "Nikkan Tobidasu" Returns |url=https://www.4gamer.net/games/000/G000000/20121026079/ |website=4Gamer.net |date=26 October 2012 |access-date=3 July 2024 |language=ja |author=荒井陽介 |publisher=Aetas Inc}}</ref> Only released in Japan |- |'''''Yoshimoto Nintendo 3DS Experimental Theater''''' | | |? |- |Experiments by Yoshimoto comedians. Only released in Japan |- |'''''Tondemo! Science''''' | | |? |- |A 3DS special edition of the program previously streamed on Wii no Ma. Sometimes aired earlier than Wii no Ma. Only released in Japan |- |'''''The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword Orchestra Performance''''' | | |? |- | |- |'''''Delicious 3D''''' | | |? |- |Featuring famous chefs introducing dishes and recipes. Only released in Japan |- |'''''Revisit That Game''''' | | |? |- |Retro games (distributed via Virtual Console), with quizzes and strategies called "certification." Only released in Japan (In 2D) |- |'''''Excavator Mugen Gears''''' | | |? |- |An anime introducing "Excavator Mugen Gears." Only released in Japan (In 2D) |} In the unaired pilot for ''Nintendo Show 3D'', host Jessie Cantrell mentioned trailers for movies planned to come to Nintendo Video at the time. These included ''[[Rio]]'', ''[[Thor]]'', ''[[Cars 2]]'', and ''[[Green Lantern]]''. However, none of these movies' trailers ever appeared on the service.<ref name=":112">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5QsS3cbMJ8 "Nintendo Show 3D (Pilot)"]. Ryan Savini on YouTube.</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} g141joe42rogk2mv1kd6s13ihn0o7pa 0 1195516 10368899 10352417 2025-07-03T03:55:24Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368899 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Singularity studies''' is an academic field where study and research are conducted into the [[technological singularity]], which might be attained by [[artificial intelligence]] (AI), [[robotics]], and other technologies and sciences, and it can also involve studying the social implications of such a singularity.<ref>{{Cite news |last= Cadwalladr |first= Carole |date= 22 February 2014 |title= Are the robots about to rise? Google's new director of engineering thinks so… |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/feb/22/robots-google-ray-kurzweil-terminator-singularity-artificial-intelligence |access-date= 8 May 2022}}</ref><ref name="singinst.org">{{cite web|url=http://singinst.org/overview/whatisthesingularity |title=What is the Singularity? &#124;Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence |publisher=Singinst.org |access-date=2011-09-09|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908014050/http://singinst.org/overview/whatisthesingularity/ |archive-date=2011-09-08 }}</ref> In this academic field, study and research are conducted across a broad array of terrains such as [[information science]], [[robotics]], social informatics, [[economics]], [[philosophy]], and [[ethics]]. The primary aim of the singularity studies is to gain an integrative understanding of the transformation of social systems occurring in tandem with the explosive evolution of AI and also the changes to be effected by such transformation in the view of humans, ethics, and legal systems.<ref>{{cite web |title= Collection of sources defining "singularity" |url= http://www.singularitysymposium.com/definition-of-singularity.html |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190417002644/http://www.singularitysymposium.com/definition-of-singularity.html |archive-date=17 April 2019 |access-date=17 April 2019 |website= singularitysymposium.com}}</ref><ref name="jsos-preface">{{Cite web |title=The Textbook Of Singularity Studies [Preface] {{!}} Japan Society of Singularity (in Japanese) Studies|url=https://note.com/jsoss_org/n/n6d3c56df69a7 |website=Japan Society of Singularity Studies|access-date=2025-01-26 |language=ja}}</ref> == Characteristics of research == Singularity studies extends beyond mere future predictions and offer an intellectual foundation for proactively designing and creating a desirable future. Principal research themes in this realm include:<ref name="jsos-preface" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Japan Society of Singularity Studies (Japanese) |url=https://jsoss.org/message |website=Japan Society of Singularity Studies|access-date=2025-01-23|language=ja}}</ref> * Ethics of AI; * Social implications of technologies; * Possibility of harmonious coexistence of humans and AI; * Communication with AI; and * Redesign of social systems.<ref name=":0" /> == Technologists and academics == * Vernor Vinge: Propounded the concept of singularity in 1993, making a massive impact on the academic and science-fiction spheres.<ref name="vinge1993">Vinge, Vernor.[http://mindstalk.net/vinge/vinge-sing.html "The Coming Technological Singularity: How to Survive in the Post-Human Era"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410074243/http://mindstalk.net/vinge/vinge-sing.html|date=2018-04-10}}, in ''Vision-21: Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in the Era of Cyberspace'', G. A. Landis, ed., NASA Publication CP-10129, pp. 11–22, 1993. - "There may be developed computers that are "awake" and superhumanly intelligent. (To date, there has been much controversy as to whether we can create human equivalence in a machine. But if the answer is 'yes, we can', then there is little doubt that beings more intelligent can be constructed shortly thereafter.)"</ref> * [[Ray Kurzweil]]: Predicted the advent around 2045 of the technological singularity in his 2005 book [[The Singularity Is Near]].<ref>{{cite book |title=[[The Singularity Is Near]] |last=Kurzweil |first=Ray |publisher=Penguin Group |year=2005 |isbn=9780715635612 |location=New York, New York}}</ref> * [[Nick Bostrom]]: Offered philosophical reflections on superintelligence and the risks posed by AI. He is the founding director of the now-dissolved Future of Humanity Institute at the University of Oxford.<ref name="sandberg-bostrom2008">{{cite web|url=http://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/3854/global-catastrophic-risks-report.pdf|title=Global Catastrophic Risks Survey(2008) Technical Report 2008/1 | publisher=Future of Humanity Institute |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516021945/http://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/3854/global-catastrophic-risks-report.pdf|archive-date=2011-05-16 |year=2008 |author=Anders Sandberg and NickBostrom}}</ref> === Japan === * Kento Sasano: A social informatician, AI educator, and inventor. He is the president of the Japan Society of Singularity Studies.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="jsoss02">{{Cite web |title=Lesson1 Introduction To Singularity Studies{{!}}Japan Society of Singularity Studies(In Japanese) |url=https://note.com/jsoss_org/n/n5634c337fd57|website=note|date=2024-11-17|access-date=2025-01-23 |language=ja-JP}}</ref> == Challenges and outlook == {{Technical|section}} Singularity studies is still evolving as an academic field, and quite a few challenges remain unresolved in regard to the systematization of their theories, research methods, and educational curricula. That said, in this day and age of accelerating technological and societal shifts, interdisciplinary approaches have gained in importance and are drawing much attention in the arenas of scholarly research, intercorporate collaboration, and policy planning.<ref name="jsoss02" /> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{Cite web |title=Singularity University of Singularity Group|url=https://www.su.org/|website=Singularity Group |access-date=2025-02-11}} * {{Cite web |title=Japan Society of Singularity Studies |url=https://jsoss.org/message|website=Japan Society of Singularity Studies |access-date=2025-01-26|language=en-GB}} * [https://intelligence.org/ie-faq/ Intelligence Explosion FAQ] by the Machine Intelligence Research Institute * [https://edoras.sdsu.edu/~vinge/misc/singularity.html The Coming Technological Singularity:How to Survive in the Post-Human Era] (on Vernor Vinge's web site, retrieved Jul 2019) [[Category:Academia]] [[Category:Technology]] [[Category:Intelligence]] [[Category:Philosophy]] ofp90qpm0u0dpflvc2foqqbkzeyxjml 0 1195549 10368854 10323891 2025-07-03T03:24:16Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox magazine|title=PC Gamer|logo=|logo_size=<!-- default is 180px -->|image_file=PC Gamer logo (2015-present).svg|image_size=|image_alt=|image_caption=Logo since July 2015|editor=<!-- up to |editor5= -->|editor_title=<!-- up to |editor_title5= -->|previous_editor=|staff_writer=|photographer=|category=[[PC game|PC gaming]], [[video game]]s|frequency=Monthly|circulation=|publisher=[[Future plc]]|paid_circulation=|unpaid_circulation=|circulation_year=|total_circulation=|founder=|founded=|firstdate={{start date and age|1993|11|df=yes}}|finaldate=<!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->|finalnumber=|company=|country=[[United Kingdom]]|based=|language=English|website={{URL|pcgamer.com}}|issn=1080-4471|oclc=680447102}} '''''PC Gamer''''' is a British-American video game [[magazine]] and website founded in the United Kingdom in 1993. PC Gamer talks about [[Computer games|Computer Games]] and published monthly by [[Future plc]]. The magazine has multiple editions, with the UK and US editions being the best selling [[Computer games|Computer Games]] magazines in their countries. The magazine features news and developments in the [[video game industry]], previews of new games, and reviews of the newer and popular PC games, along with other features relating to hardware for PC's, [[Mod (video games)|mods]], and "classic" games and multiple other topics. ''PC Gamer'' and parent Future began digital ''PC Gaming Show'' at [[Electronic Entertainment Expo|E3 2015]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Farokhmanesh|first=Megan|date=2015-05-01|title=PC gaming is getting its own press conference at E3 2015|url=https://www.polygon.com/2015/5/1/8528735/pc-gaming-e3-2015|access-date=2025-06-07|website=Polygon|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Wright|first=Martin|date=2018-09-14|title=Future acquires nextmedia brands including PC PowerPlay|url=https://www.mediamergers.co.uk/future-acquires-nextmedia-brands-including-pc-powerplay/|access-date=2025-06-07|website=Media Mergers|language=en-GB}}</ref> == References == <references responsive="0"></references> == Other websites == * [https://www.pcgamer.com/ Official website] * [[iarchive:UneditedPCGamer marktrade/mode/2up|Archived PC Gamer magazines]] on the [[Internet Archive]] * [https://archive.gamehistory.org/folder/d41128f9-fb0f-4bcb-955d-4d44e9608d1a?sortField=date&sortDir=asc Archived ''PC Gamer'' US issues] at Video Game History Foundation {{Video-game-stub}} [[Category:British weekly magazines]] [[Category:1994 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:1993 establishments in the United Kingdom]] [[Category:American monthly magazines]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]] [[Category:Hidden templates using styles]] fj5ismxob4yi0v16e0ffa0s65ae01zn 14 1195575 10367735 10356217 2025-07-02T14:22:32Z EmausBot 111904 Bot: 1 interwiki links moved, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q110316126]] 10367735 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:2020 computer-animated movies]] [[Category:Scooby-Doo animated movies]] ciqqck5qf8hzums9gbpyjl1k9u2bth3 0 1195626 10368902 10323992 2025-07-03T03:56:30Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Soni Razdan | image = Soni Razdan.jpg | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1956|10|25|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Birmingham]], England | death_date = | death_place = | occupation = {{flatlist | * Actress * film director }} | years_active = 1981–present | spouse = {{Marriage|[[Mahesh Bhatt]]|1986}} | children = 2, including [[Alia Bhatt]] | family = [[Bhatt family]] }} '''Soni Mahesh Bhatt''' (born 25 October 1956), is a British actress and film director who works in Indian [[Bollywood|Hindi-language films]].<ref name="sr">{{Cite web|title=Soni BHATT|url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/officers/-tHxKSJTuhYjyDzxo37K2fdYaSU/appointments|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206170244/https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/officers/-tHxKSJTuhYjyDzxo37K2fdYaSU/appointments|archive-date=6 December 2024|access-date=27 July 2023|website=gov.uk}}</ref> She is the recipient of several accolades, including one ITA Award, in addition to a [[Filmfare Awards|Filmfare Award]] nomination. Part of the [[Bhatt family]] of [[indian cinema]], she is married to film director [[Mahesh Bhatt]] and is the mother of actress [[Alia Bhatt]]. == Filmography == === Movies === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Film !Role !Notes |- | rowspan="2" |1981 |''36 Chowringhee Lane'' |Rosemary Stoneham | |- |''Ahista Ahista'' |Deepa | |- |1983 |''Mandi '' |Nadira | |- |1984 |''Saaransh'' |Sujata Suman |Nominated – Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress |- | rowspan="2" |1985 |''Trikaal'' |Aurora | |- |''Khamosh'' |Herself | |- |1986 |''On Wings of Fire'' |Thais | |- |1998 |''Such a Long Journey'' |Dilnavaz Noble | |- |1990 |''Daddy'' |Priya | |- | rowspan="2" |1991 |''Sadak'' |Roopa | |- |''Saathi'' |Tina | |- | rowspan="3" |1993 |''Sir'' |Shobha Verma | |- |''Gumrah'' |Angela | |- |''Gunaah'' |Gloria | |- |2001 |''Monsoon Wedding'' |Saroj Rai | |- |2004 |''Dobara'' |Mrs. Devika Mehta | |- | rowspan="2" |2005 |''Page 3'' |Anjali Thapar | |- |''Nazar'' |{{N/a}} |Director |- |2006 |''Jaan-E-Mann'' |Mrs. Goel | |- |2007 |''Dil Dosti Etc'' |Apurv's Mother | |- | rowspan="2" |2011 |''Patiala House'' |Dimple Bua | |- |''Love Breakups Zindagi'' |Guest at wedding | |- |2013 |''Shootout at Wadala'' |Manya's mother | |- |2016 |''Love Affair'' |{{N/a}} |Director; Unreleased |- | rowspan="2" |2018 |''Raazi'' |Teji Khan | |- |''Yours Truly'' |Mithi Kumar | |- | rowspan="3" |2019 |''Noblemen'' |Shruti Sharma | |- |''No Fathers in Kashmir'' |Halima | |- |''War'' |Nafeesa Rahmani | |- |2021 |''Sardar Ka Grandson'' |Simi |[[Netflix]] film |- |2023 |''Pippa'' |Maati | |- |2025 | style="background:#FFFFCC;" |Abir Gulaal {{Dagger}}† |TBA |Post-Production |- |TBA | style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''Songs of Paradise''† |TBA |<ref>{{Cite news|date=25 September 2022|title=Saba Azad to play Raj Begum in Danish Renzu's Songs of Paradise - Exclusive|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/saba-azad-to-play-raj-begum-in-danish-renzus-songs-of-paradise-exclusive/articleshow/94440093.cms}}</ref> |} == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * {{IMDb name|0713618}} * {{Bollywood Hungama person|soni-razdan}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:British Muslims]] [[Category:Converts to Islam]] [[Category:1956 births]] [[Category:Living people]] 8uxqf50395jm43bxeeib6nqvuxdchnv 0 1195633 10368896 10323979 2025-07-03T03:54:43Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uncategorized|date=July 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Shouryuv | image = | caption = | birth_name = Koduri Yuvaraj Shourya Simha | birth_date = | birth_place = [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India | death_date = | alma mater = Maharajah Institute of Medical Sciences, [[Vizianagaram]] | death_place = | occupation = {{hlist|Film director|screenwriter}} | known_for = | spouse = | parents = | children = | years_active = 2023{{ndash}}present | awards = | website = | imagesize = }} '''Shouryuv''' (born '''Koduri Yuvaraj Shourya Simha''') is an Indian director and screenwriter known for working in [[Telugu cinema]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-ntr-jr-in-talks-with-hi-nanna-director-shouryuv-part-1-of-this-action-drama-rolls-in-2026-1333857|title=EXCLUSIVE: NTR Jr. teams up with Shouryuv; Part 1 of this action drama rolls in 2026|date=July 30, 2024|website=PINKVILLA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/telugu_cinema/director-shouryuv-dismisses-kuch-kuch-hota-hai-comparisons-with-hi-nanna-1503246261.html|title=Director Shouryuv dismisses 'Kuch Kuch Hota Hai' comparisons with 'Hi Nanna'|first=Statesman|last=Web|date=December 3, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/exclusive-hi-nanna-director-shouryuv-denies-that-his-next-film-is-with-jr-ntr-101722416153986.html|title=Exclusive: Hi Nanna director Shouryuv denies that his next film is with Jr NTR, says he ‘wishes it were true’|date=July 31, 2024}}</ref> He made his directorial debut with the film ''[[Hi Nanna]]'' (2023), which became commercial success, grossing over ₹74 [[crore]] at the [[box office]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/5-nanis-highest-grossing-movies-worldwide-dasara-tops-1337490|title=5 Nani's Highest Grossing Movies Worldwide: Dasara Tops|date=August 9, 2024|website=PINKVILLA}}</ref> and earned him a [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Telugu|Filmfare Award]] and a [[12th South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA Award]], along with awards from various International Film Festivals.<ref>https://tfpc.in/hi-nanna-won-11-awards-at-oniros-film-awards/</ref> == Early life == Shouryuv born in [[Visakhapatnam]] completed his [[MBBS]] at Maharajah Institute of Medical Sciences in [[Vizianagaram]]. He later moved to [[Hyderabad]] to pursue a career in filmmaking.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/director-shouryuv-hi-nanna-is-a-tender-story-and-an-emotional-ride/article67556962.ece|title=Director Shouryuv on Nani, Mrunal Thakur’s ‘Hi Nanna’: It is a tender story and an emotional ride. Hesham Abdul Wahab’s score is magical|first=Sangeetha Devi|last=Dundoo|date=November 21, 2023|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> == Career == Shouryuv worked under the [[mentorship]] of [[V. Vijayendra Prasad]] and also worked on the films like ''[[Jaguar (2016 movie)|Jaguar]]'' (2016) and ''[[Adithya Varma]]'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/interview/director-shouryuv-on-hi-nanna-intentionally-chose-a-love-story-for-my-debut-exclusive/36fd902587254|title=Director Shouryuv on Hi Nanna - Intentionally chose a love story for my debut &#124; Exclusive|website=OTTPlay}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/hi-nanna-movie-director-shouryuv-chit-chat/0205/123208000|title=Shouryuv: విజయేంద్ర ప్రసాద్‌ వద్ద పనిచేసి.. ‘హాయ్‌ నాన్న’తో దర్శకుడిగా మారి..: శౌర్యువ్‌ సంగతులివీ|website=EENADU}}</ref> In 2023, he directed his first feature ''[[Hi Nanna]]'' starring [[Nani (actor)|Nani]], [[Mrunal Thakur]] and [[Shruti Haasan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/021223/getting-shruti-on-board-my-best-decision.html|title=Getting Shruti On Board, My Best Decision &#124; Getting Shruti On Board, My Best Decision|first=Sashidhar|last=Adivi|date=December 3, 2023|website=www.deccanchronicle.com}}</ref> The film became a commercial success at the [[box office]] and earned praise from [[critics]]. Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "Shouryuv’s drama is a breather amid larger-than-life action entertainers."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/hi-nanna-telugu-movie-review-a-reaffirming-story-of-love-that-conquers-everything/article67613784.ece|title=‘Hi Nanna’ movie review: A reaffirming story of love that conquers everything|first=Sangeetha Devi|last=Dundoo|date=December 7, 2023|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> and Neeshitha Nyayapati of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' wrote, "Shouryuv’s debut film is an emotional drama that’ll tug at your heart, both with its performances and storyline."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/hi-nanna-review-nani-mrunal-thakur-kiara-khanna-shine-in-this-emotional-tale-101701935694901.html|title=Hi Nanna review: Nani, Mrunal Thakur, Kiara Khanna shine in this emotional tale|date=December 7, 2023}}</ref> [[Allu Arjun]] congratulated the team and praised Shouryuv on his directorial debut, describing it as "impressive".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/allu-arjun-praises-shouryuv-nani-and-mrunal-thakurs-performance-in-hi-nanna-8699585.html|title=Allu Arjun Praises Shouryuv Nani And Mrunal Thakur's Performance In Hi Nanna|website=News18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/allu-arjun-praises-for-hi-nanna-effortless-performances-by-nani-mrunal-2474485-2023-12-11|title=Allu Arjun praises 'Hi Nanna': Effortless performances by Nani, Mrunal|date=December 11, 2023|website=India Today}}</ref> == Filmography == * ''[[Hi Nanna]]'' (2023; director and screenwriter)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/interviews/telugu-interview/mrunal-thakur-nani-shankar-rajamouli|title=‘Hi Nanna’ Is Solely Centred on Emotions: Director Shouryuv|first=Ram|last=Srikar|date=November 9, 2023|website=www.filmcompanion.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/hi-nanna-director-shouryuv-nani-heard-70-scripts-before-mine-im-still-unsure-why-he-chose-me/6224f3224b683|title=Hi Nanna director Shouryuv - Nani heard 70 scripts before mine, I’m still unsure why he chose me|website=OTTPlay}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/hi-nanna-has-nothing-to-do-with-kuch-kuch-hota-hai-director-shouryuv-nani-mrunal-thakur-101701520486261.html|title=Hi Nanna has nothing to do with Kuch Kuch Hota Hai: Director Shouryuv on his Nani and Mrunal Thakur film|date=December 3, 2023}}</ref> == Awards and nominations == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col"| Award ! scope="col"| Category ! scope="col"| Work ! scope="col"| Result ! scope="col"|{{Tooltip|'''Ref.'''|References}} |- |rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Awards South]] |Best Debut Director | rowspan="5" |''[[Hi Nanna]]'' |{{won}} |rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-filmfare-awards-telugu-2024-are-out-67264.html|title=Nominations for Filmfare Awards Telugu 2024 are out! &#124; Filmfare.com|website=www.filmfare.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/full-list-of-winners-of-69th-sobha-filmfare-awards-south-telugu-2024_-67634.html|title=Full list of Winners of the 69th SOBHA Filmfare Awards South (Telugu) 2024 &#124; Filmfare.com|website=www.filmfare.com}}</ref> |- |[[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Telugu|Best Director – Telugu]] |{{nom}} |- |[[South Indian International Movie Awards]] |[[SIIMA Award for Best Debut Director – Telugu|Best Debut Director – Telugu]] |{{won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-siima-2024-full-list-of-winners-jailer-dasara-win-big-aishwarya-rai-vikram-nani-nayanthara-best-actor-actres-3107876|title=SIIMA 2024 full list of winners: Jailer, Dasara win big; Aishwarya Rai, Vikram, Nani, Nayanthara bag top acting honours|first=Aman|last=Wadhwa|website=DNA India}}</ref> |- |Oniros Film Awards |Best Director |{{won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.tupaki.com/entertainment/nanihinannagrabsawardsoninternationalstage-1354204|title=Nani's 'Hi Nanna' Grabs Not 1 But 11 Awards On International Stage! &#124; Nani's 'Hi Nanna' Grabs Not 1 But 11 Awards On International Stage!|first=Tupaki|last=Desk|date=April 8, 2024|website=english.tupaki.com}}</ref> |- |Swedish Internationa; Film Festival |Best Director |{{won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/natural-star-nanis-hi-nanna-continues-triumphant-run-with-awards-at-swedish-film-festival-876844|title=Natural Star Nani's ‘Hi Nanna’ continues triumphant run with awards at Swedish Film Festival|first=Vineela|last=Sekhar|date=May 6, 2024|website=www.thehansindia.com}}</ref> |} == References == {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{IMDb name|14427265}} *{{instagram|shouryuv}} 6iwfo0ssxvy5zpxahfdw2pgvjeq9kk8 828 1195808 10369085 10317951 2025-07-03T07:11:24Z Codemini 1621675 Fixed 10369085 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} function p.main(args) return require('Module:Pagination').pagination(frame, {prevlink=JS, nextlink=CSS}) end return p e2qmsnebvjk160x1dleqk3saje9yfua 10369086 10369085 2025-07-03T07:13:49Z Codemini 1621675 Fixed 10369086 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} function p.main(args) return require('Module:Pagination').pagination(frame, {prevlink="JS", nextlink="CSS"}) end return p seec3p93939immsdr0xlyuvn95u1a7b 10369087 10369086 2025-07-03T07:16:11Z Codemini 1621675 ... 10369087 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} function p.main(args) return require('Module:Pagination')._pagination(frame, {prevlink="JS", nextlink="CSS"}) end return p ngodq76rqe10tjawngo4xbu29e8ddq9 10369092 10369087 2025-07-03T07:26:17Z Codemini 1621675 Fixed 10369092 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} function p.main(args) return require('Module:Pagination')._pagination({prevlink="JS", nextlink="CSS"}) end return p 47ju29hgb3a7n2hlffmpnad9wn13h9r 0 1196062 10368852 10323879 2025-07-03T03:23:59Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368852 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Magic tablet from Pergamon (Wünsch, Antikes Zaubergerät).png|thumb|upright=1.2|alt=Flat, triangular object depicting three goddesses, with numerous inscriptions|Illustration of a bronze tablet from [[Pergamon]], [[Asia Minor]], dating to the 3rd century AD. An inscription mentions the goddess [[Melinoe]], who is otherwise known only from the ''Orphic Hymns''.{{sfnm|Athanassakis|Wolkow|1p=195|Morand|2001|2pp=185&ndash;188, 203}}]] The '''Orphic Hymns''' are a group of 87 poems from [[Ancient Greece]]. They are written in the form of prayers or songs to the gods. The hymns are linked to [[Orpheus]], a famous figure in [[Greek mythology]] known for his music and poetry. People believed Orpheus could charm gods and nature with his songs. The hymns were probably written around the 2nd or 3rd century CE, during the [[Roman Empire]]. == Background == The Orphic Hymns were likely used in a religious cult connected to Orpheus. This religion is often called [[Orphism (religion)|Orphism]]. Followers believed in the soul’s journey after death, rebirth, and special ways to become closer to the divine. Even though the hymns are linked to Orpheus, they were probably written by unknown poets or religious leaders in [[Anatolia|Asia Minor]] (modern-day [[Turkey]]), most likely near Pergamon. The language used in the hymns is a special kind of Greek poetry and follows a rhythm called dactylic hexameter, the same used in [[Homer]]’s poems. == Contents == The hymns are dedicated to many different gods and spirits from Greek mythology. These include: * Major gods like [[Zeus]], [[Apollo]], [[Artemis]], [[Demeter]], and [[Hades]]. * Cosmic beings like Chaos, Night, and Ether. * Personified ideas like Justice, Peace, and Sleep. * Spirits connected to nature, like Nymphs and Winds. * Special figures like the Titans, the Muses, and the Fates. Each hymn is a prayer or praise, asking the god or spirit to bring blessings, wisdom, protection, or power. == Use and meaning == The Orphic Hymns were probably used in rituals, such as sacrifices or ceremonies. Each hymn might have been sung or recited while making an offering. Scholars believe the hymns were written for actual use in a religious group, not just for reading. The hymns show a mix of older Greek religion and mystical philosophy. They include ideas about the soul, the afterlife, and a deeper understanding of the universe. Some parts may also reflect beliefs from other cultures or religions that were common in the Roman Empire. == Rediscovery == The Orphic Hymns were not well-known during the [[Middle Ages]]. They were printed for the first time in 1423 in [[Florence]], [[Italy]]. The first full edition was published in 1792 by Gottfried Hermann, a German scholar. Since then, the hymns have been studied by many historians, poets, and philosophers. They are important for understanding ancient religion, mythology, and the mystery traditions of the ancient world. == Notes == {{reflist}} == References == {{refbegin}} * {{wikicite | ref = {{sfnref|Athanassakis|Wolkow}} | reference = [[Apostolos Athanassakis|Athanassakis, Apostolos N.]], and Benjamin M. Wolkow, ''The Orphic Hymns'', Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013. {{ISBN|9781421408828}}. [https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780891301196/page/n3/mode/2up?view=theater Internet Archive]. }} == Other websites == * [https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780891301196/page/n3/mode/2up English translation] by Apostolos Athanassakis and Benjamin Wolkow (2013) at the Internet Archive * [https://books.google.com/books?id=sCQzEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA24 English translation] by Daniel Malamis (2024) at Google Books * [https://archive.org/details/orphica00unkngoog/page/247/mode/2up Greek text] from the edition by Gottfried Hermann (1805) at the Internet Archive [[Category:2nd-century books]] [[Category:3rd-century books]] [[Category:Hymns in ancient Greek]] btt278w8pt0s4kjjca0v96asdav6rio 0 1196066 10367676 10332698 2025-07-02T13:26:46Z Barras 40117 10367676 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiple image | align = right | image1 = Special Child Harness and Reins Designed for Older (Early Adolescent) Children with Special Behavioral Needs (1).jpg | width1 = 200 | alt1 = Special Child Harness (for those with special needs) | image2 = Special Child Harness and Reins Designed for Older (Early Adolescent) Children with Special Behavioral Needs (2).jpg | width2 = 200 | alt2 = Special Child Harness (for those with special needs) | footer = An example of a female adolescent wearing a child leash. }} A '''child leash''' is a [[leash]] sometimes worn by [[children]] (especially toddlers) usually held by the parent or caregiver, often to prevent the wearer from running away or getting lost. Child leashes are usually related to and used by toddlers and [[preschool]]-aged children, although older children (such as adolescents) may wear them especially if they have psychological (or behavioral) disorders and special needs such as [[autism]] and [[ADHD]]. Many types of child leashes exist, although most are worn by children under the age of 18, and are usually held by the parent or caregiver. Child leashes are designed to prevent the wearer from running/getting lost or be separated in some way from the parent or caregiver. {{stub}} [[Category:Child safety]] p1o9pa39g7gle7xgjaxk3nsud8k7ljy 0 1196134 10367664 10321071 2025-07-02T13:18:02Z Barras 40117 Added {{[[Template:bio-stub|bio-stub]]}} tag to article ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367664 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mark''' '''Read''' (born November 7, 1978) is a [[United Kingdom|British]] singer. He was a member of the boyband A1 from 1999 to 2002 and from 2009 to present. He comes from a musical family. {{bio-stub}} t04hz2p56usn2fcb8tpc63wlq3bzf01 10367665 10367664 2025-07-02T13:19:10Z Barras 40117 +[[Category:1978 births]]; +[[Category:British singers]]; +[[Category:Living people]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10367665 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mark''' '''Read''' (born November 7, 1978) is a [[United Kingdom|British]] singer. He was a member of the boyband A1 from 1999 to 2002 and from 2009 to present. He comes from a musical family. {{bio-stub}} [[Category:1978 births]] [[Category:British singers]] [[Category:Living people]] sb197zhns58t9th8p982rtdztk1n48h 0 1196141 10367656 10321150 2025-07-02T13:14:48Z Barras 40117 Added {{[[Template:dead end|dead end]]}} tag to article ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367656 wikitext text/x-wiki {{dead end|date=July 2025}} '''Alf Faye Heiberg Clausen''' (March 28, 1941 – May 29, 2025) was an American film and television composer. He was best known for his work scoring many episodes of The Simpsons, for which he was the sole composer between 1990 and 2017. He also scored or orchestrated music for more than 30 films and television shows, including Moonlighting, The Naked Gun, ALF and Ferris Bueller's Day Off. Clausen received an Honorary Doctorate of Music from Berklee College of Music in 1996. He died at his home in Los Angeles on May 29, 2025, at the age of 84. [[Category:1941 births]] [[Category:2025 deaths]] [[Category:American movie score composers]] [[Category:People from Los Angeles]] {{Music-stub}} dwin3306dov0kuti0uwz8eg66rflals 0 1196148 10367960 10322254 2025-07-02T17:15:53Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ CA-EN 10367960 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = | caption = | genre = {{Plainlist| * [[Crime movie|Crime drama]] }} | creator = Steve Lucas<br>Cal Coons | starring = [[Mimi Kuzyk]]<br>Joel S. Keller<br>[[Jeremy Ratchford]]<br>[[Maria del Mar (actress)|Maria del Mar]]<br>[[Maurice Dean Wint]]<br>[[Benz Antoine]]<br>[[Tamara Hickey]]<br>[[Kari Matchett]]<br>Tracy Waterhouse | opentheme = | country = Canada | language = English | num_seasons = 4 | num_episodes = 52 | runtime = 60 minutes | company = [[Lionsgate Canada]] | network = [[Global Television Network|Global]] | first_aired = {{Start date|2001|1|10}} | last_aired = {{End date|2004|7|9}} }} '''''Blue Murder''''' is a Canadian [[Crime movie|crime drama]] series made by the [[Lionsgate Canada]] for [[Global Television Network|Global]]. It starred [[Mimi Kuzyk]], Joel S. Keller, [[Jeremy Ratchford]], and [[Maria del Mar]]. The show ran from January 10, 2001 until July 9, 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/cold-squad-blue-murder-to-be-axed/article994070/|access-date=June 10, 2025|title=Cold Squad, Blue Murder to be axed|publisher=[[The Globe and Mail]]}}</ref> The show is about a team of detectives in the Blue Murder Unit as they try to investigate and solve violent crimes in the city of [[Toronto]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://broadcasting-history.ca/da-vincis-inquest/|access-date=June 10, 2025|title=Blue Murder|website=broadcasting-history.ca|publisher=History of Canadian Broadcasting}}</ref> The series won many [[Gemini Award]]s. In 2001, it won Best Guest Actor and Actress in a Drama Series for [[Nicholas Campbell]] and Kari Matchett.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://playbackonline.ca/2001/11/12/gem-20011112/|access-date=June 10, 2025|title=2001 Gemini Winners|website=playbackonline.ca|publisher=Playback}}</ref> In 2002, Julia Chantrey won Best Guest Actress in a Drama Series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://playbackonline.ca/2001/11/12/gem-20011112/|access-date=June 10, 2025|title=And the Gemini winners are…|website=playbackonline.ca|publisher=Playback}}</ref> In 2003, it won for Best Supporting Actress, Best Guest Actor in a Drama Series, and Best Guest Actress in a Drama Series for Jennie Raymond, Winston Rekert, and Kate Trotter. In 2004, it won Best Guest Actress in a Drama Series for Nicky Guadagni. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{IMDb title|0213523}} {{multistub|TV|Canada}} [[Category:2001 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2004 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:Canadian crime drama television series]] [[Category:Detective television series]] [[Category:Canadian English-language television shows]] [[Category:Police television series]] aya1z3n895epkjl82clif479udb5ae2 0 1196437 10369115 10357032 2025-07-03T07:46:06Z 180.150.36.182 10369115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album | name = Alpha / Omega | type = studio | artist = [[Kutless]] | cover = | released = November 10, 2017 | recorded = | studio = | genre = [[Christian rock]], [[worship]] | length = 39:50 | label = BEC | producer = | prev_title = [[Surrender (album)|Surrender]] | prev_year = 2015 | next_title = | next_year = }} '''''Alpha / Omega''''' is the tenth studio album by [[Kutless]]. The album was released on November 10, 2017. ==Track listing== {{Track listing | title1 = Your Great Name | length1 = 4:59 | title2 = Strong Tower (Reprise) | length2 = 4:18 | title3 = King of My Heart | length3 = 4:10 | title4 = Cornerstone | length4 = 3:01 | title5 = You Are Love | length5 = 3:24 | title6 = Great Are You Lord | length6 = 3:47 | title7 = Your Love Awakens Me | length7 = 3:57 | title8 = Shepherd of My Soul | length8 = 3:35 | title9 = Gave It All (I Surrender All) | length9 = 3:58 | title10 = No Wonder (Roar of the Rugged Cross) | length10 = 4:41 | total_length = 39:50 }} ==References== {{reflist}} {{music-stub}} [[Category:2017 albums]] [[Category:Christian albums]] [[Category:Worship albums]] 2cph3t6gsmpbhnkd9fnrpx686qncela 0 1196572 10369114 10357724 2025-07-03T07:45:54Z 180.150.36.182 10369114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album | name = Surrender | type = studio | artist = [[Kutless]] | cover = | released = November 13, 2015 | recorded = | studio = | genre = [[Christian rock]], [[hard rock]], [[worship]] | length = 37:58 | label = BEC | producer = | prev_title = [[Glory (Kutless album)|Glory]] | prev_year = 2014 | next_title = [[Alpha / Omega]] | next_year = 2017 }} '''''Surrender''''' is the ninth studio album by [[Kutless]]. The album was released on November 13, 2015. ==Track listing== {{Track listing | title1 = Tear It Up | length1 = 3:04 | title2 = Bring It On | length2 = 3:18 | title3 = Mirror | length3 = 3:37 | title4 = Love Come Crashing Down | length4 = 2:58 | title5 = I Will Go | length5 = 3:29 | title6 = Overcome | length6 = 3:32 | title7 = Not Too Far | length7 = 3:43 | title8 = Loved | length8 = 3:54 | title9 = One Thing Remains | length9 = 4:44 | title10 = My Heart Is a Ghost | length10 = 5:39 | total_length = 37:58 }} ==References== {{reflist}} {{music-stub}} [[Category:2015 albums]] [[Category:Christian albums]] [[Category:Worship albums]] 2r2w1z5ly3eswd4shjhvkds2qkqq669 2 1196932 10369486 10349641 2025-07-03T11:48:13Z Konchin Tukthaba 1636127 /* Members */ Added my name 10369486 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uttra_Sanglen.JPG|thumb|upright=2.5|A building showcasing [[Meitei architecture]] in [[Kangla]], [[Imphal]]]] [[File:Khubaak Khutthek - a hand gesture (Khut-thek) of classical Meitei dance forms (Meitei Jagoi) of Kangleipak civilisation (Manipur).jpg|20px]]'''{{Script|Mtei|ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯝꯖꯔꯤ}} (Khurumjari)'''[[File:Chaning Yaapham Khutthek - a hand gesture (Khut-thek) of classical Meitei dance forms (Meitei Jagoi) of Kangleipak civilisation (Manipur).jpg|50px]] Welcome to '''WikiProject Meitei civilization''', a collaborative initiative aimed at improving and expanding Wikipedia's coverage of the [[Meitei civilization]]—an ancient cultural heritage originating from the [[northeastern India]], particularly the present-day state of [[Manipur]]. This project seeks to document the history, [[Meitei language]], [[Meitei literature]], [[Meitei mythology]], [[Meitei religion]], art, [[Meitei architecture]], customs, and contributions of the [[Meitei people]]. By organizing and enhancing related content, the project aspires to offer comprehensive, accurate, and well-sourced information that reflects the significance and complexity of the Meitei civilization within the broader [[South Asia]]n and [[Southeast Asia]]n historical and cultural context. ==Articles to be created== Any member can add the article titles here, or remove it after the task is completed: 👇 # [[Meitei and Meetei]] # [[Sanamahi and Pakhangba]] # [[Moirang Kangla]] # [[Khuman Kangla]] # [[Moirang dynasty]] # [[Moirang clan]] # [[Moirang kingdom]] # [[Moirang Kangleiron]] # [[Angom dynasty]] # [[Angom clan]] # [[Angomlon Laihui]] # [[Chenglei dynasty]] # [[Chenglei clan]] # [[Chengleilon]] # [[]] ... ==Articles to be expanded== Any member can add the article titles here, or remove it after the task is completed: 👇 # [[Khuman dynasty]] {{Doing}}{{Half done}} # [[Khuman clan]] # [[Khuman kingdom]] {{Partly done}} # [[Khuman Kangleiron]] {{Partly done}} # [[Luwang dynasty]] # [[Luwang clan]] # [[]] ... ==Members== # [[User:Haoreima|Haoreima]] ([[User talk:Haoreima|talk]]) 12:24, 14 June 2025 (UTC) # [[User:Shubhsamant09|<span style="color: black;">'''Shubhsamant'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''09'''</span>]] 13:57, 16 June 2025 (UTC) # [[User:Victor Ningthemcha|<span style="color:#1a0dab;">Victor</span> <span style="color:#d32f2f;"><b>Ningthemcha</b></span>]] 3:17, 17 June 2025 (UTC) # [[User:Konchin Tukthaba|Konchin Tukthaba]] ([[User talk:Konchin Tukthaba|talk]]) 11:48, 03 June 2025 (UTC) ==Welcome== Please welcome new users using <nowiki>{{subst:User:Haoreima/WikiProject Meitei civilization/w}}</nowiki> There is no need to add a heading or the four tildes. ==Userbox template== Anyone can use this userbox template in their user page or user talk page or any other userspace. {{User:Haoreima/WikiProject Meitei civilization/userbox}} One can copy the following and paste it to their desired place: <nowiki>{{User:Haoreima/WikiProject Meitei civilization/userbox}}</nowiki> [[Category:WikiProjects|Meitei culture]] gi677jl0fwce1f6rns9ngjdgycwjijx 0 1196984 10368873 10352429 2025-07-03T03:38:42Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368873 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Puffin Rock and the New Friends''' is a film released in 2023 by the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Ireland]]. It is an [[animation]] [[work]] based on the [[Cartoon Saloon]] series [[Puffin Rock]]. In [[Japan]], it was released on [[May 30, 2025]]. ==Overview== * Set on the small island of Crook Island off the west coast of [[Ireland]], the story follows a young puffin ([[Northern Gannet]]) girl named Una and her younger brother Baba. One day, animals displaced by a [[climate]]-induced [[storm]] arrive on the island. Through a series of events involving a young Eoptirica girl named Isabelle, who is confused by her unfamiliar surroundings, friendship blossoms among Una, Baba, and Isabelle. * Created by [[Cartoon Saloon]], known for works like ''[[Wolfwalkers]]'', this animated film depicts the puffin siblings interacting with various animals. The story takes place on a small island off the west coast of Ireland, where animals driven from their homes by a storm arrive. The voice of the siblings' mother is provided by actor [[Juri Ueno]]. The film is directed by [[Jeremy Purcell]], with story contributions from [[Tom Moore]] and others involved in projects like ''[[Song of the Sea]]''. ==Staff== * Director: Jeremy Purcell * [[Distributor]]: [[Child Films]] * Production countries: [[Ireland]], [[United Kingdom]] * [[Screenplay]]: [[Sarah Daddy]] * Producers: [[Johnny McDaid]], [[Nora Twomey]], [[Tom Moore]], [[Paul Young]] * [[Executive Producer]]: [[Jerry Sharen]] * [[Story]]: [[Tom Moore]], [[Lily Bernard]], [[Paul Young]] * Runtime: 80 minutes == Japanese Dub Cast == * [[Emi Nitta]] (Una)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fukikaekingdom.com/post-31596/|title=Puffin’s Little Island – Japanese Dub|website=Fukikei Kingdom|date=2025-05-26|accessdate=2025-06-06}}</ref> * [[Azusa Tadokoro]] (Isabelle) * [[Marika Kouno]] (Baba) * [[Airi Fuyunohara]] (Phoenix) * [[Ayaka Ohashi]] (Marvin) * [[Emi Hirayama]] (Mossy) * [[Yurie Funato]] (May) * [[Ami Maejima]] (Silky) * [[Yasuhiro Kikuchi]] (Bernie) * [[Shunsaku Nishigaki]] (Una’s Dad) * [[Juri Ueno]] (Una’s Mom)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinematoday.jp/news/N0147272|title=Juri Ueno guest voices as Una’s mother, a sea bird, in Oscar-nominated studio’s new work ''Puffin’s Little Island''|website=Cinema Today|date=2025-02-04|accessdate=2025-06-06}}</ref> * [[Chō (actor)|Chō]] (Narrator) ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * [https://child-film.com/puffin/ Official Site] * [https://x.com/cartoonsaloonjp Official Twitter] [[Category:2023 Animated Films]] [[Category:Works Set on Islands]] j6i7r7dvwmv1ndmj8ko3gkin9hqvgfn 0 1196995 10368767 10367275 2025-07-03T02:36:30Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368767 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uncategorized|date=July 2025}} [[File:ꯀꯥꯡ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯄ.jpg|thumb|Kang Sannapa]] '''Kang Sannaba''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯀꯥꯡ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ / ꯀꯥꯡ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯄ}}), which literally means "The game of Kang", is a traditional indoor game of the [[Meitei people]] of [[Manipur]], India. It is usually played on the smooth earthen floors of traditional houses and temple courtyards. The game is considered sacred and is believed to have been played by the deities, especially during the Meitei lunar new year, known as [[Cheiraoba]].<ref name="epao-kang">[https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Arts_and_Culture.Traditional_Game_Kang Traditional Game Kang – E-pao.net]</ref> == Gameplay == Kang is a team game involving a sliding disc called a ''kang'' across a marked court. The objective is to strike a target object with one’s own disc while preventing the opponent from doing the same. The gameplay bears similarity to games like shuffleboard or carrom but is played directly on the ground using hand-thrown discs.<ref name="epao-kang" /> == Players and Equipment == Each team traditionally has 7 players, symbolizing the seven days of the week.<ref name="kanglaonline">[https://kanglaonline.com/2014/04/traditional-game-of-kang/ Traditional game of Kang – KanglaOnline]</ref> The disc or ''kang'' was historically made from the seeds of the ''kaangkhil'' plant, but later versions use hardwood, ivory, horn, tortoise shell, or lac.<ref name="kang-history">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-CzSQKVmveUC&printsec=copyright|title=Manipur, Past and Present: The Heritage and Ordeals of a Civilization|last=Sanajaoba|first=Naorem|date=1988|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-853-2|language=en}}</ref> The court is a leveled rectangular space, marked with chalk powder to define boundaries and targets.<ref name="epao-kang" /> There are different throwing styles, such as ''chekphei'' (standing throw) and ''lamtha'' (seated push).<ref name="epao-kang" /> == Cultural Significance == The game holds religious and ceremonial value. It is mainly played during [[Cheiraoba]] and until the festival of ''Kang Chingba'' (Ratha Yatra).<ref name="kanglaonline" /> According to Meitei mythology, the game was played by deities such as the seven ''Lainingthous'' and the goddess [[Panthoibi]].<ref name="epao-kang" /> In earlier times, Kang was played by royalty and courtiers as part of festive and temple rituals.<ref name="kang-history" /> == History == The origins of Kang are rooted in oral traditions and are mentioned in the [[Cheitharol Kumbaba]], the royal chronicle of Manipur. During the reign of King [[Loitongba]] (1122–1150 CE), the game evolved into its present form after he introduced changes during a '''Cheiraoba''' celebration.<ref name="kang-history" /> Equipment and playing styles were standardized by the 19th century.<ref name="epao-kang" /> The [[Manipur Kang Association]] was later established to organize tournaments and preserve the tradition.<ref name="epao-kang" /> == Present-day Status == Although less commonly played today, '''Kang''' continues to feature during cultural festivals and community events. Elderly players have continued to promote the game, and cultural organizations strive to keep the tradition alive among the youth.<ref name="telegraph-kang">[https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/kang-the-traditional-game-of-manipur/cid/1510281 Kang, the traditional game of Manipur – The Telegraph]</ref> == Related pages == * [[Meitei culture]] * [[Cheiraoba]] * [[Sanamahism]] * [[Manipuri games and sports]] == References == <references /> == Other websites == * [https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Arts_and_Culture.Traditional_Game_Kang Traditional Game Kang – E-pao.net] * [https://kanglaonline.com/2014/04/traditional-game-of-kang/ Traditional Game of Kang – KanglaOnline] 9wwl2gdqw58kqwf9myxsz4pgr9ukyg9 10369277 10368767 2025-07-03T09:20:05Z Victor Ningthemcha 1603674 Added Manipur article 10369277 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:ꯀꯥꯡ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯄ.jpg|thumb|Kang Sannapa]] '''Kang Sannaba''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯀꯥꯡ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ / ꯀꯥꯡ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯄ}}), which literally means "The game of Kang", is a traditional indoor game of the [[Meitei people]] of [[Manipur]], India. It is usually played on the smooth earthen floors of traditional houses and temple courtyards. The game is considered sacred and is believed to have been played by the deities, especially during the Meitei lunar new year, known as [[Cheiraoba]].<ref name="epao-kang">[https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Arts_and_Culture.Traditional_Game_Kang Traditional Game Kang – E-pao.net]</ref> == Gameplay == Kang is a team game involving a sliding disc called a ''kang'' across a marked court. The objective is to strike a target object with one’s own disc while preventing the opponent from doing the same. The gameplay bears similarity to games like shuffleboard or carrom but is played directly on the ground using hand-thrown discs.<ref name="epao-kang" /> == Players and Equipment == Each team traditionally has 7 players, symbolizing the seven days of the week.<ref name="kanglaonline">[https://kanglaonline.com/2014/04/traditional-game-of-kang/ Traditional game of Kang – KanglaOnline]</ref> The disc or ''kang'' was historically made from the seeds of the ''kaangkhil'' plant, but later versions use hardwood, ivory, horn, tortoise shell, or lac.<ref name="kang-history">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-CzSQKVmveUC&printsec=copyright|title=Manipur, Past and Present: The Heritage and Ordeals of a Civilization|last=Sanajaoba|first=Naorem|date=1988|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-853-2|language=en}}</ref> The court is a leveled rectangular space, marked with chalk powder to define boundaries and targets.<ref name="epao-kang" /> There are different throwing styles, such as ''chekphei'' (standing throw) and ''lamtha'' (seated push).<ref name="epao-kang" /> == Cultural Significance == The game holds religious and ceremonial value. It is mainly played during [[Cheiraoba]] and until the festival of ''Kang Chingba'' (Ratha Yatra).<ref name="kanglaonline" /> According to Meitei mythology, the game was played by deities such as the seven ''Lainingthous'' and the goddess [[Panthoibi]].<ref name="epao-kang" /> In earlier times, Kang was played by royalty and courtiers as part of festive and temple rituals.<ref name="kang-history" /> == History == The origins of Kang are rooted in oral traditions and are mentioned in the [[Cheitharol Kumbaba]], the royal chronicle of Manipur. During the reign of King [[Loitongba]] (1122–1150 CE), the game evolved into its present form after he introduced changes during a '''Cheiraoba''' celebration.<ref name="kang-history" /> Equipment and playing styles were standardized by the 19th century.<ref name="epao-kang" /> The [[Manipur Kang Association]] was later established to organize tournaments and preserve the tradition.<ref name="epao-kang" /> == Present-day Status == Although less commonly played today, '''Kang''' continues to feature during cultural festivals and community events. Elderly players have continued to promote the game, and cultural organizations strive to keep the tradition alive among the youth.<ref name="telegraph-kang">[https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/kang-the-traditional-game-of-manipur/cid/1510281 Kang, the traditional game of Manipur – The Telegraph]</ref> == Related pages == * [[Meitei culture]] * [[Cheiraoba]] * [[Sanamahism]] * [[Manipuri games and sports]] == References == <references /> == Other websites == * [https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Arts_and_Culture.Traditional_Game_Kang Traditional Game Kang – E-pao.net] * [https://kanglaonline.com/2014/04/traditional-game-of-kang/ Traditional Game of Kang – KanglaOnline] [[Category:Manipur]] f7rgea91hp01n5lmj6a5x94ui2v90id 0 1196998 10367755 10330157 2025-07-02T14:49:13Z EmausBot 111904 Fixing double redirect from [[Kang Sanaba]] to [[Kang Sannaba]] 10367755 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kang Sannaba]] 3iwzuq7woywr9wyz3ifi06walsqd6of 0 1197048 10367948 10365790 2025-07-02T17:10:15Z 2806:2F0:9CC1:F8A9:1D73:60F1:724F:A05F /* Teams */ 10367948 wikitext text/x-wiki {{use dmy dates|date=August 2024}} {{Infobox television season | module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season | host = {{plainlist| * [[:es:Alejandro Wiebe|Marley]] * Luli Fernández <small>(Backstage)</small> }} | judes = {{plainlist| * [[:es:Axel (cantante)|Axel]] * [[:es:Soledad Pastorutti|Soledad Pastorutti]] * [[:es:Miranda!|Miranda!]] * [[:es:José Luis Rodríguez (cantante)|Puma Rodríguez]] }} | winner = Gustavo Corvalán | runner_up = Mariano Poblete }} | first_aired = {{start date|2012|7|1|df=y}} | last_aired = {{end date|2012|12|2|df=y}} | network = [[Telefe]] }} The '''first season''' of '''''[[La Voz Argentina]]''''' began on 1 July 2012 and was broadcast by [[Telefe]]. It was hosted by [[:es:Alejandro Wiebe|Marley]], with model Luli Fernández interviewing the contestants at the backstage.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pronto.com.ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=40950&Itemid=677 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-04-28 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120908232416/http://www.pronto.com.ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=40950&Itemid=677 |archivedate=2012-09-08 }}</ref> Contestants were also allowed to submit an online application in 2011. For the online auditions, contestants were required to record a song with a [[webcam]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telefe.com/2012/02/28/la-voz-argentina-casting-online/ |title="La Voz Argentina": Casting online - Telefe - Siempre juntos |accessdate=2012-04-28 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120912191020/http://www.telefe.com/2012/02/28/la-voz-argentina-casting-online/ |archivedate=2012-09-12 }}</ref> This was the second [[Latin America]]n version in [[The Voice (TV series)|The Voice franchise]], after the [[Mexico|Mexican]] version, ''[[La Voz (Mexican TV series)|La Voz... México]]''. ==Coaches and presenters== The show is hosted by [[:es:Alejandro Wiebe|Marley]], with model Luli Fernández interviewing the contestants backstage. This will be the second time that Marley will be hosting a singing competition, after hosting the [[Argentines|Argentine]] version of [[:es:Operación Triunfo (Argentina)|Operación Triunfo]], for 4 seasons. After a lot of rumours, the coaches for the show are: Latin pop singer [[:es:Axel (cantante)|Axel]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Godoy |first=Jorge |date=2012-04-05 |title=Axel Fernando, coach de La Voz Argentina |url=https://www.extremista.com/153840/axel-fernando-coach-de-la-voz-argentina/ |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=Extremista |language=es}}</ref> folk singer [[:es:Soledad Pastorutti|Soledad Pastorutti]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Godoy |first=Jorge |date=2012-04-02 |title=Soledad Pastorutti, coach de La Voz Argentina |url=https://www.extremista.com/153073/soledad-pastorutti-coach-de-la-voz-argentina/ |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=Extremista |language=es}}</ref> the vocals of the electro pop band [[:es:Miranda!|Miranda!]], [[:es:Alejandro Sergi|Ale Sergi]] and Juliana Gattas,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Godoy |first=Jorge |date=2012-04-15 |title=Ale Sergi y Juliana Gattas (Miranda), coach de La Voz Argentina |url=https://www.extremista.com/157037/ale-sergi-y-juliana-gattas-miranda-coach-de-la-voz-argentina/ |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=Extremista |language=es}}</ref> and Venezuelan singer [[:es:José Luis Rodríguez (cantante)|José Luis "Puma" Rodríguez]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.primiciasya.com/primicias/El-Puma-Rodriguez-jurado-de-La-voz-argentina-20120427-0018.html |title=El "Puma" Rodríguez, jurado de "La voz argentina" - PRIMICIAS YA {{!}} El Diario del Espectáculo |website=www.primiciasya.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120430040903/http://www.primiciasya.com/primicias/El-Puma-Rodriguez-jurado-de-La-voz-argentina-20120427-0018.html |archive-date=2012-04-30}}</ref> ==Teams== ;Color key {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} {{plainlist| * {{Color box|gold|border=silver}} Winner * {{Color box|silver|border=silver}} Runner-up * {{Color box|tan|border=silver}} Third place * {{Color box|skyblue|border=silver}} Fourth place }} {{col-2}} {{plainlist| * {{Color box|#E8CCD7|border=silver}} Eliminated in the Live shows * {{Color box|#BFFFC0|border=silver}} Eliminated in the Sing-off * {{Color box|#FDFD96|border=silver}} Eliminated in the Battles }} {{col-end}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:17px; width:100%;" |- ! scope="col" width="16%" | Coaches ! scope="col" width="84%" colspan="4" | Top 68 artists |- ! rowspan="6" | Axel | colspan="4" style="background:#555555;" | |- | width="21%" style="background:skyblue;" | Mateo Iturbide | width="21%" style="background:#E8CCD7;" | María Inés Roller | width="21%" style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Silvia Fernández | width="21%" style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Nicolás Sosa |- | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Gonzalo Rodríguez | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Georgina Moreiro | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Juan Manuel Enrique | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Pamela Duarte |- | style="background:#BFFFC0;" | Marcela Wonder | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Gustavo Mougel | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Matías Latorre | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Gabriela Muñoz |- | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Ariel Leone | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Ana B. Medina | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Y. Hernández | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Gianina Giunta |- | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Ezequiel Fernanz | colspan="3" style="background:lightgrey;" | |- ! rowspan="6" | Soledad | colspan="4" style="background:#555555;" | |- | style="background:gold" | Gustavo Corvalán | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Iván Di Paolo | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Laura Dimonti | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Mario Suárez |- | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Nacho Leguizamón | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Daniela Mazzitelli | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Margarita Hegglin | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Victoria Escudero |- | style="background:#BFFFC0;" | Antonella Ballarini | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Gisella Tagliarino | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Antonio Salvatore | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Germán Staffolani |- | style="background:#FDFD96;" | María Cecilia Vila | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Amparo Ringler | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Naara Revelli | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Claudia Torgen |- | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Victoria Carambat | colspan="3" style="background:lightgrey;" | |- ! rowspan="6" | Miranda! | colspan="4" style="background:#555555;" | |- | style="background:silver;" | Mariano Poblete | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Miguel Ángel Roda | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Pablo Utrera | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Gonzalo Andrada |- | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Natalia Nekare | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Fernando Pernia | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Maia Contreras | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Daniela Oloco |- | style="background:#BFFFC0;" | Laura La Paz | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Nancy Ruiz | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Marina Pinal | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Cecilia Palizza |- | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Agustina Romero | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Claudio Giménez | style="background:#FDFD96;" | María B. Correa | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Denisse Yarrouge |- | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Martín Alderete | colspan="3" style="background:lightgrey;" | |- ! rowspan="6" | El Puma | colspan="4" style="background:#555555;" | |- | style="background:tan" | Antonela Cirillo | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | José Luis Bartolilla | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Jordana Battaglia | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Alejandro Serra |- | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Melina Imhoff | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Dennis Smith | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Adriel Montanari | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Antonella Oddi |- | style="background:#BFFFC0;" | Agustina Keena | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Milena Catania | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Franco Ibáñez | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Jesica Mina |- | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Amilcar Vicente | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Eugenia Quevedo | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Martín Bruno | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Emiliano Bernal |- | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Verónica Sardaña | colspan="3" style="background:lightgrey;" | |- |} ==Blind auditions== ;Color key {| class="toccolours" style="font-size: 90%; white-space: nowrap;" |- | style="background:white; border:1px solid black;"| &nbsp;'''{{green|✔}}'''&nbsp; | Coach hit his/her "I WANT YOU" button<!---[[File:Red button.png|15px]][ [File:Crystal Clear app clean.png|15px]] '''{{green|{{unicode|✔}}}}'''!---> |- | style="background:#ffc40c; border:1px solid black;"| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | Artist defaulted to this coach's team |- | style="background:#fdfc8f; border:1px solid black;"| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | style="padding-right: 8px" | Artist elected to join this coach's team |- | style="background:#dcdcdc; border:1px solid black;"| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | Artist eliminated with no coach pressing his or her "I WANT YOU" button |} ==References== {{Reflist}} 93dqvmv244gcglp2kueq6m0utw5fjq2 10367961 10367948 2025-07-02T17:16:53Z 2806:2F0:9CC1:F8A9:1D73:60F1:724F:A05F /* Blind auditions */ 10367961 wikitext text/x-wiki {{use dmy dates|date=August 2024}} {{Infobox television season | module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season | host = {{plainlist| * [[:es:Alejandro Wiebe|Marley]] * Luli Fernández <small>(Backstage)</small> }} | judes = {{plainlist| * [[:es:Axel (cantante)|Axel]] * [[:es:Soledad Pastorutti|Soledad Pastorutti]] * [[:es:Miranda!|Miranda!]] * [[:es:José Luis Rodríguez (cantante)|Puma Rodríguez]] }} | winner = Gustavo Corvalán | runner_up = Mariano Poblete }} | first_aired = {{start date|2012|7|1|df=y}} | last_aired = {{end date|2012|12|2|df=y}} | network = [[Telefe]] }} The '''first season''' of '''''[[La Voz Argentina]]''''' began on 1 July 2012 and was broadcast by [[Telefe]]. It was hosted by [[:es:Alejandro Wiebe|Marley]], with model Luli Fernández interviewing the contestants at the backstage.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pronto.com.ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=40950&Itemid=677 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-04-28 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120908232416/http://www.pronto.com.ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=40950&Itemid=677 |archivedate=2012-09-08 }}</ref> Contestants were also allowed to submit an online application in 2011. For the online auditions, contestants were required to record a song with a [[webcam]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telefe.com/2012/02/28/la-voz-argentina-casting-online/ |title="La Voz Argentina": Casting online - Telefe - Siempre juntos |accessdate=2012-04-28 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120912191020/http://www.telefe.com/2012/02/28/la-voz-argentina-casting-online/ |archivedate=2012-09-12 }}</ref> This was the second [[Latin America]]n version in [[The Voice (TV series)|The Voice franchise]], after the [[Mexico|Mexican]] version, ''[[La Voz (Mexican TV series)|La Voz... México]]''. ==Coaches and presenters== The show is hosted by [[:es:Alejandro Wiebe|Marley]], with model Luli Fernández interviewing the contestants backstage. This will be the second time that Marley will be hosting a singing competition, after hosting the [[Argentines|Argentine]] version of [[:es:Operación Triunfo (Argentina)|Operación Triunfo]], for 4 seasons. After a lot of rumours, the coaches for the show are: Latin pop singer [[:es:Axel (cantante)|Axel]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Godoy |first=Jorge |date=2012-04-05 |title=Axel Fernando, coach de La Voz Argentina |url=https://www.extremista.com/153840/axel-fernando-coach-de-la-voz-argentina/ |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=Extremista |language=es}}</ref> folk singer [[:es:Soledad Pastorutti|Soledad Pastorutti]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Godoy |first=Jorge |date=2012-04-02 |title=Soledad Pastorutti, coach de La Voz Argentina |url=https://www.extremista.com/153073/soledad-pastorutti-coach-de-la-voz-argentina/ |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=Extremista |language=es}}</ref> the vocals of the electro pop band [[:es:Miranda!|Miranda!]], [[:es:Alejandro Sergi|Ale Sergi]] and Juliana Gattas,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Godoy |first=Jorge |date=2012-04-15 |title=Ale Sergi y Juliana Gattas (Miranda), coach de La Voz Argentina |url=https://www.extremista.com/157037/ale-sergi-y-juliana-gattas-miranda-coach-de-la-voz-argentina/ |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=Extremista |language=es}}</ref> and Venezuelan singer [[:es:José Luis Rodríguez (cantante)|José Luis "Puma" Rodríguez]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.primiciasya.com/primicias/El-Puma-Rodriguez-jurado-de-La-voz-argentina-20120427-0018.html |title=El "Puma" Rodríguez, jurado de "La voz argentina" - PRIMICIAS YA {{!}} El Diario del Espectáculo |website=www.primiciasya.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120430040903/http://www.primiciasya.com/primicias/El-Puma-Rodriguez-jurado-de-La-voz-argentina-20120427-0018.html |archive-date=2012-04-30}}</ref> ==Teams== ;Color key {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} {{plainlist| * {{Color box|gold|border=silver}} Winner * {{Color box|silver|border=silver}} Runner-up * {{Color box|tan|border=silver}} Third place * {{Color box|skyblue|border=silver}} Fourth place }} {{col-2}} {{plainlist| * {{Color box|#E8CCD7|border=silver}} Eliminated in the Live shows * {{Color box|#BFFFC0|border=silver}} Eliminated in the Sing-off * {{Color box|#FDFD96|border=silver}} Eliminated in the Battles }} {{col-end}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:17px; width:100%;" |- ! scope="col" width="16%" | Coaches ! scope="col" width="84%" colspan="4" | Top 68 artists |- ! rowspan="6" | Axel | colspan="4" style="background:#555555;" | |- | width="21%" style="background:skyblue;" | Mateo Iturbide | width="21%" style="background:#E8CCD7;" | María Inés Roller | width="21%" style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Silvia Fernández | width="21%" style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Nicolás Sosa |- | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Gonzalo Rodríguez | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Georgina Moreiro | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Juan Manuel Enrique | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Pamela Duarte |- | style="background:#BFFFC0;" | Marcela Wonder | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Gustavo Mougel | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Matías Latorre | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Gabriela Muñoz |- | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Ariel Leone | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Ana B. Medina | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Y. Hernández | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Gianina Giunta |- | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Ezequiel Fernanz | colspan="3" style="background:lightgrey;" | |- ! rowspan="6" | Soledad | colspan="4" style="background:#555555;" | |- | style="background:gold" | Gustavo Corvalán | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Iván Di Paolo | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Laura Dimonti | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Mario Suárez |- | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Nacho Leguizamón | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Daniela Mazzitelli | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Margarita Hegglin | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Victoria Escudero |- | style="background:#BFFFC0;" | Antonella Ballarini | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Gisella Tagliarino | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Antonio Salvatore | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Germán Staffolani |- | style="background:#FDFD96;" | María Cecilia Vila | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Amparo Ringler | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Naara Revelli | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Claudia Torgen |- | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Victoria Carambat | colspan="3" style="background:lightgrey;" | |- ! rowspan="6" | Miranda! | colspan="4" style="background:#555555;" | |- | style="background:silver;" | Mariano Poblete | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Miguel Ángel Roda | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Pablo Utrera | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Gonzalo Andrada |- | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Natalia Nekare | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Fernando Pernia | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Maia Contreras | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Daniela Oloco |- | style="background:#BFFFC0;" | Laura La Paz | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Nancy Ruiz | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Marina Pinal | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Cecilia Palizza |- | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Agustina Romero | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Claudio Giménez | style="background:#FDFD96;" | María B. Correa | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Denisse Yarrouge |- | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Martín Alderete | colspan="3" style="background:lightgrey;" | |- ! rowspan="6" | El Puma | colspan="4" style="background:#555555;" | |- | style="background:tan" | Antonela Cirillo | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | José Luis Bartolilla | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Jordana Battaglia | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Alejandro Serra |- | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Melina Imhoff | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Dennis Smith | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Adriel Montanari | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Antonella Oddi |- | style="background:#BFFFC0;" | Agustina Keena | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Milena Catania | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Franco Ibáñez | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Jesica Mina |- | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Amilcar Vicente | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Eugenia Quevedo | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Martín Bruno | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Emiliano Bernal |- | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Verónica Sardaña | colspan="3" style="background:lightgrey;" | |- |} ==Blind auditions== ;Color key {| class="toccolours" style="font-size: 90%; white-space: nowrap;" |- | style="background:white; border:1px solid black;"| &nbsp;'''{{green|✔}}'''&nbsp; | Coach hit his/her "I WANT YOU" button<!---[[File:Red button.png|15px]][ [File:Crystal Clear app clean.png|15px]] '''{{green|{{unicode|✔}}}}'''!---> |- | style="background:#ffc40c; border:1px solid black;"| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | Artist defaulted to this coach's team |- | style="background:#fdfc8f; border:1px solid black;"| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | style="padding-right: 8px" | Artist elected to join this coach's team |- | style="background:#dcdcdc; border:1px solid black;"| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | Artist eliminated with no coach pressing his or her "I WANT YOU" button |} "[[:es:Himno de mi corazón|Himno de mi corazón]]" - La Voz Argentina ==References== {{Reflist}} 3thr4dwnxcvtwx286p579o2y3ssih4e 10367963 10367961 2025-07-02T17:17:17Z 2806:2F0:9CC1:F8A9:1D73:60F1:724F:A05F 10367963 wikitext text/x-wiki {{use dmy dates|date=August 2024}} {{Infobox television season | module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season | host = {{plainlist| * [[:es:Alejandro Wiebe|Marley]] * Luli Fernández <small>(Backstage)</small> }} | judes = {{plainlist| * [[:es:Axel (cantante)|Axel]] * [[:es:Soledad Pastorutti|Soledad Pastorutti]] * [[:es:Miranda!|Miranda!]] * [[:es:José Luis Rodríguez (cantante)|Puma Rodríguez]] }} | winner = Gustavo Corvalán | runner_up = Mariano Poblete }} | first_aired = {{start date|2012|7|1|df=y}} | last_aired = {{end date|2012|12|2|df=y}} | network = [[Telefe]] }} The '''first season''' of '''''[[La Voz Argentina]]''''' began on 1 July 2012 and was broadcast by [[Telefe]]. It was hosted by [[:es:Alejandro Wiebe|Marley]], with model Luli Fernández interviewing the contestants at the backstage.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pronto.com.ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=40950&Itemid=677 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-04-28 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120908232416/http://www.pronto.com.ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=40950&Itemid=677 |archivedate=2012-09-08 }}</ref> Contestants were also allowed to submit an online application in 2011. For the online auditions, contestants were required to record a song with a [[webcam]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telefe.com/2012/02/28/la-voz-argentina-casting-online/ |title="La Voz Argentina": Casting online - Telefe - Siempre juntos |accessdate=2012-04-28 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120912191020/http://www.telefe.com/2012/02/28/la-voz-argentina-casting-online/ |archivedate=2012-09-12 }}</ref> This was the second [[Latin America]]n version in [[The Voice (TV series)|The Voice franchise]], after the [[Mexico|Mexican]] version, ''[[La Voz (Mexican TV series)|La Voz... México]]''. ==Coaches and presenters== The show is hosted by [[:es:Alejandro Wiebe|Marley]], with model Luli Fernández interviewing the contestants backstage. This will be the second time that Marley will be hosting a singing competition, after hosting the [[Argentines|Argentine]] version of [[:es:Operación Triunfo (Argentina)|Operación Triunfo]], for 4 seasons. After a lot of rumours, the coaches for the show are: Latin pop singer [[:es:Axel (cantante)|Axel]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Godoy |first=Jorge |date=2012-04-05 |title=Axel Fernando, coach de La Voz Argentina |url=https://www.extremista.com/153840/axel-fernando-coach-de-la-voz-argentina/ |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=Extremista |language=es}}</ref> folk singer [[:es:Soledad Pastorutti|Soledad Pastorutti]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Godoy |first=Jorge |date=2012-04-02 |title=Soledad Pastorutti, coach de La Voz Argentina |url=https://www.extremista.com/153073/soledad-pastorutti-coach-de-la-voz-argentina/ |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=Extremista |language=es}}</ref> the vocals of the electro pop band [[:es:Miranda!|Miranda!]], [[:es:Alejandro Sergi|Ale Sergi]] and Juliana Gattas,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Godoy |first=Jorge |date=2012-04-15 |title=Ale Sergi y Juliana Gattas (Miranda), coach de La Voz Argentina |url=https://www.extremista.com/157037/ale-sergi-y-juliana-gattas-miranda-coach-de-la-voz-argentina/ |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=Extremista |language=es}}</ref> and Venezuelan singer [[:es:José Luis Rodríguez (cantante)|José Luis "Puma" Rodríguez]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.primiciasya.com/primicias/El-Puma-Rodriguez-jurado-de-La-voz-argentina-20120427-0018.html |title=El "Puma" Rodríguez, jurado de "La voz argentina" - PRIMICIAS YA {{!}} El Diario del Espectáculo |website=www.primiciasya.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120430040903/http://www.primiciasya.com/primicias/El-Puma-Rodriguez-jurado-de-La-voz-argentina-20120427-0018.html |archive-date=2012-04-30}}</ref> ==Teams== ;Color key {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} {{plainlist| * {{Color box|gold|border=silver}} Winner * {{Color box|silver|border=silver}} Runner-up * {{Color box|tan|border=silver}} Third place * {{Color box|skyblue|border=silver}} Fourth place }} {{col-2}} {{plainlist| * {{Color box|#E8CCD7|border=silver}} Eliminated in the Live shows * {{Color box|#BFFFC0|border=silver}} Eliminated in the Sing-off * {{Color box|#FDFD96|border=silver}} Eliminated in the Battles }} {{col-end}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:17px; width:100%;" |- ! scope="col" width="16%" | Coaches ! scope="col" width="84%" colspan="4" | Top 68 artists |- ! rowspan="6" | Axel | colspan="4" style="background:#555555;" | |- | width="21%" style="background:skyblue;" | Mateo Iturbide | width="21%" style="background:#E8CCD7;" | María Inés Roller | width="21%" style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Silvia Fernández | width="21%" style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Nicolás Sosa |- | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Gonzalo Rodríguez | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Georgina Moreiro | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Juan Manuel Enrique | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Pamela Duarte |- | style="background:#BFFFC0;" | Marcela Wonder | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Gustavo Mougel | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Matías Latorre | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Gabriela Muñoz |- | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Ariel Leone | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Ana B. Medina | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Y. Hernández | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Gianina Giunta |- | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Ezequiel Fernanz | colspan="3" style="background:lightgrey;" | |- ! rowspan="6" | Soledad | colspan="4" style="background:#555555;" | |- | style="background:gold" | Gustavo Corvalán | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Iván Di Paolo | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Laura Dimonti | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Mario Suárez |- | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Nacho Leguizamón | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Daniela Mazzitelli | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Margarita Hegglin | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Victoria Escudero |- | style="background:#BFFFC0;" | Antonella Ballarini | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Gisella Tagliarino | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Antonio Salvatore | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Germán Staffolani |- | style="background:#FDFD96;" | María Cecilia Vila | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Amparo Ringler | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Naara Revelli | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Claudia Torgen |- | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Victoria Carambat | colspan="3" style="background:lightgrey;" | |- ! rowspan="6" | Miranda! | colspan="4" style="background:#555555;" | |- | style="background:silver;" | Mariano Poblete | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Miguel Ángel Roda | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Pablo Utrera | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Gonzalo Andrada |- | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Natalia Nekare | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Fernando Pernia | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Maia Contreras | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Daniela Oloco |- | style="background:#BFFFC0;" | Laura La Paz | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Nancy Ruiz | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Marina Pinal | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Cecilia Palizza |- | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Agustina Romero | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Claudio Giménez | style="background:#FDFD96;" | María B. Correa | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Denisse Yarrouge |- | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Martín Alderete | colspan="3" style="background:lightgrey;" | |- ! rowspan="6" | El Puma | colspan="4" style="background:#555555;" | |- | style="background:tan" | Antonela Cirillo | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | José Luis Bartolilla | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Jordana Battaglia | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Alejandro Serra |- | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Melina Imhoff | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Dennis Smith | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Adriel Montanari | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Antonella Oddi |- | style="background:#BFFFC0;" | Agustina Keena | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Milena Catania | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Franco Ibáñez | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Jesica Mina |- | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Amilcar Vicente | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Eugenia Quevedo | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Martín Bruno | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Emiliano Bernal |- | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Verónica Sardaña | colspan="3" style="background:lightgrey;" | |- |} ==Blind auditions== ;Color key {| class="toccolours" style="font-size: 90%; white-space: nowrap;" |- | style="background:white; border:1px solid black;"| &nbsp;'''{{green|✔}}'''&nbsp; | Coach hit his/her "I WANT YOU" button<!---[[File:Red button.png|15px]][ [File:Crystal Clear app clean.png|15px]] '''{{green|{{unicode|✔}}}}'''!---> |- | style="background:#ffc40c; border:1px solid black;"| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | Artist defaulted to this coach's team |- | style="background:#fdfc8f; border:1px solid black;"| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | style="padding-right: 8px" | Artist elected to join this coach's team |- | style="background:#dcdcdc; border:1px solid black;"| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | Artist eliminated with no coach pressing his or her "I WANT YOU" button |} "[[:es:Himno de mi corazón|Himno de mi corazón]]" - Coaches de la Voz Argentina ==References== {{Reflist}} 45m0sd0xrsr8zxtoh9zdq29qr72pv1l 10367964 10367963 2025-07-02T17:17:35Z 2806:2F0:9CC1:F8A9:1D73:60F1:724F:A05F /* Blind auditions */ 10367964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{use dmy dates|date=August 2024}} {{Infobox television season | module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season | host = {{plainlist| * [[:es:Alejandro Wiebe|Marley]] * Luli Fernández <small>(Backstage)</small> }} | judes = {{plainlist| * [[:es:Axel (cantante)|Axel]] * [[:es:Soledad Pastorutti|Soledad Pastorutti]] * [[:es:Miranda!|Miranda!]] * [[:es:José Luis Rodríguez (cantante)|Puma Rodríguez]] }} | winner = Gustavo Corvalán | runner_up = Mariano Poblete }} | first_aired = {{start date|2012|7|1|df=y}} | last_aired = {{end date|2012|12|2|df=y}} | network = [[Telefe]] }} The '''first season''' of '''''[[La Voz Argentina]]''''' began on 1 July 2012 and was broadcast by [[Telefe]]. It was hosted by [[:es:Alejandro Wiebe|Marley]], with model Luli Fernández interviewing the contestants at the backstage.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pronto.com.ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=40950&Itemid=677 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-04-28 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120908232416/http://www.pronto.com.ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=40950&Itemid=677 |archivedate=2012-09-08 }}</ref> Contestants were also allowed to submit an online application in 2011. For the online auditions, contestants were required to record a song with a [[webcam]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telefe.com/2012/02/28/la-voz-argentina-casting-online/ |title="La Voz Argentina": Casting online - Telefe - Siempre juntos |accessdate=2012-04-28 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120912191020/http://www.telefe.com/2012/02/28/la-voz-argentina-casting-online/ |archivedate=2012-09-12 }}</ref> This was the second [[Latin America]]n version in [[The Voice (TV series)|The Voice franchise]], after the [[Mexico|Mexican]] version, ''[[La Voz (Mexican TV series)|La Voz... México]]''. ==Coaches and presenters== The show is hosted by [[:es:Alejandro Wiebe|Marley]], with model Luli Fernández interviewing the contestants backstage. This will be the second time that Marley will be hosting a singing competition, after hosting the [[Argentines|Argentine]] version of [[:es:Operación Triunfo (Argentina)|Operación Triunfo]], for 4 seasons. After a lot of rumours, the coaches for the show are: Latin pop singer [[:es:Axel (cantante)|Axel]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Godoy |first=Jorge |date=2012-04-05 |title=Axel Fernando, coach de La Voz Argentina |url=https://www.extremista.com/153840/axel-fernando-coach-de-la-voz-argentina/ |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=Extremista |language=es}}</ref> folk singer [[:es:Soledad Pastorutti|Soledad Pastorutti]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Godoy |first=Jorge |date=2012-04-02 |title=Soledad Pastorutti, coach de La Voz Argentina |url=https://www.extremista.com/153073/soledad-pastorutti-coach-de-la-voz-argentina/ |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=Extremista |language=es}}</ref> the vocals of the electro pop band [[:es:Miranda!|Miranda!]], [[:es:Alejandro Sergi|Ale Sergi]] and Juliana Gattas,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Godoy |first=Jorge |date=2012-04-15 |title=Ale Sergi y Juliana Gattas (Miranda), coach de La Voz Argentina |url=https://www.extremista.com/157037/ale-sergi-y-juliana-gattas-miranda-coach-de-la-voz-argentina/ |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=Extremista |language=es}}</ref> and Venezuelan singer [[:es:José Luis Rodríguez (cantante)|José Luis "Puma" Rodríguez]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.primiciasya.com/primicias/El-Puma-Rodriguez-jurado-de-La-voz-argentina-20120427-0018.html |title=El "Puma" Rodríguez, jurado de "La voz argentina" - PRIMICIAS YA {{!}} El Diario del Espectáculo |website=www.primiciasya.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120430040903/http://www.primiciasya.com/primicias/El-Puma-Rodriguez-jurado-de-La-voz-argentina-20120427-0018.html |archive-date=2012-04-30}}</ref> ==Teams== ;Color key {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} {{plainlist| * {{Color box|gold|border=silver}} Winner * {{Color box|silver|border=silver}} Runner-up * {{Color box|tan|border=silver}} Third place * {{Color box|skyblue|border=silver}} Fourth place }} {{col-2}} {{plainlist| * {{Color box|#E8CCD7|border=silver}} Eliminated in the Live shows * {{Color box|#BFFFC0|border=silver}} Eliminated in the Sing-off * {{Color box|#FDFD96|border=silver}} Eliminated in the Battles }} {{col-end}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:17px; width:100%;" |- ! scope="col" width="16%" | Coaches ! scope="col" width="84%" colspan="4" | Top 68 artists |- ! rowspan="6" | Axel | colspan="4" style="background:#555555;" | |- | width="21%" style="background:skyblue;" | Mateo Iturbide | width="21%" style="background:#E8CCD7;" | María Inés Roller | width="21%" style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Silvia Fernández | width="21%" style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Nicolás Sosa |- | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Gonzalo Rodríguez | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Georgina Moreiro | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Juan Manuel Enrique | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Pamela Duarte |- | style="background:#BFFFC0;" | Marcela Wonder | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Gustavo Mougel | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Matías Latorre | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Gabriela Muñoz |- | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Ariel Leone | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Ana B. Medina | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Y. Hernández | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Gianina Giunta |- | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Ezequiel Fernanz | colspan="3" style="background:lightgrey;" | |- ! rowspan="6" | Soledad | colspan="4" style="background:#555555;" | |- | style="background:gold" | Gustavo Corvalán | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Iván Di Paolo | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Laura Dimonti | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Mario Suárez |- | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Nacho Leguizamón | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Daniela Mazzitelli | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Margarita Hegglin | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Victoria Escudero |- | style="background:#BFFFC0;" | Antonella Ballarini | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Gisella Tagliarino | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Antonio Salvatore | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Germán Staffolani |- | style="background:#FDFD96;" | María Cecilia Vila | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Amparo Ringler | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Naara Revelli | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Claudia Torgen |- | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Victoria Carambat | colspan="3" style="background:lightgrey;" | |- ! rowspan="6" | Miranda! | colspan="4" style="background:#555555;" | |- | style="background:silver;" | Mariano Poblete | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Miguel Ángel Roda | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Pablo Utrera | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Gonzalo Andrada |- | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Natalia Nekare | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Fernando Pernia | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Maia Contreras | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Daniela Oloco |- | style="background:#BFFFC0;" | Laura La Paz | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Nancy Ruiz | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Marina Pinal | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Cecilia Palizza |- | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Agustina Romero | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Claudio Giménez | style="background:#FDFD96;" | María B. Correa | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Denisse Yarrouge |- | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Martín Alderete | colspan="3" style="background:lightgrey;" | |- ! rowspan="6" | El Puma | colspan="4" style="background:#555555;" | |- | style="background:tan" | Antonela Cirillo | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | José Luis Bartolilla | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Jordana Battaglia | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Alejandro Serra |- | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Melina Imhoff | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Dennis Smith | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Adriel Montanari | style="background:#E8CCD7;" | Antonella Oddi |- | style="background:#BFFFC0;" | Agustina Keena | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Milena Catania | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Franco Ibáñez | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Jesica Mina |- | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Amilcar Vicente | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Eugenia Quevedo | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Martín Bruno | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Emiliano Bernal |- | style="background:#FDFD96;" | Verónica Sardaña | colspan="3" style="background:lightgrey;" | |- |} ==Blind auditions== ;Color key {| class="toccolours" style="font-size: 90%; white-space: nowrap;" |- | style="background:white; border:1px solid black;"| &nbsp;'''{{green|✔}}'''&nbsp; | Coach hit his/her "I WANT YOU" button<!---[[File:Red button.png|15px]][ [File:Crystal Clear app clean.png|15px]] '''{{green|{{unicode|✔}}}}'''!---> |- | style="background:#ffc40c; border:1px solid black;"| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | Artist defaulted to this coach's team |- | style="background:#fdfc8f; border:1px solid black;"| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | style="padding-right: 8px" | Artist elected to join this coach's team |- | style="background:#dcdcdc; border:1px solid black;"| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | Artist eliminated with no coach pressing his or her "I WANT YOU" button |} "[[:es:Himno de mi corazón|Himno de mi corazón]]" - Coaches de La Voz Argentina ==References== {{Reflist}} 77j9nuyy90rfobvt87wonlwidzr630c 0 1197116 10368715 10367048 2025-07-03T02:18:29Z Auntof6 22027 Moving from [[Category:Villages in Dera Ismail Khan District]] to [[Category:Dera Ismail Khan District]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 10368715 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Dinpur | official_name = Dinpur, Dera Ismail Khan | settlement_type = Village and Union Council | pushpin_map = Pakistan | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Pakistan | coordinates = {{coord|31.8265|70.8794|region:PK_type:city|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Pakistan}} | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = [[Dera Ismail Khan District]] | elevation_m = 175 | population_total = | population_as_of = | timezone1 = [[Pakistan Standard Time|PST]] | utc_offset1 = +5 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 29100 | area_code_type = Calling code | area_code = | website = | image_skyline = | founder = Ahsan Ali Dinpur }} '''Dinpur''' is a village and union council in the [[Dera Ismail Khan District]] of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], Pakistan. It lies southeast of the district’s capital, Dera Ismail Khan, and is situated at an elevation of approximately 175 metres above sea level.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Dinpur, Pakistan|url=https://www.fallingrain.com/world/PK/03/Dinpur.html|access-date=2025-06-18|website=www.fallingrain.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=GeoNames.org|url=https://www.geonames.org/1419039/dinpur.html|access-date=2025-06-18|website=www.geonames.org}}</ref> == Administration == Dinpur forms part of the [[Dera Ismail Khan Tehsil]] and serves as a local government unit (union council) under provincial administration.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dinpur|url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134892110|access-date=2025-06-18|website=www.wikidata.org|language=en}}</ref> == Population and Economy == Predominantly an agricultural community, Dinpur benefits from fertile plains and irrigation infrastructure. Main crops include wheat, maize, sugar‑cane, and cotton. == Education == The village hosts a government-run secondary school, [[Government High School Dinpur]], as well as Dinpur Primary School, both serving the local population.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Government High School Dinpur Dera , Government High School Dinpur Dera Ismail Khan {{!}} RemoteHub|url=https://www.remotehub.com/governmenthighschool.dinpurdera|access-date=2025-06-18|website=www.remotehub.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Din Pur Primary School {{!}} Dera Ismail Khan|url=https://www.archivesouthasia.com/PK/din-pur-primary-school|access-date=2025-06-18|website=ArchiveSouthAsia|language=en}}</ref> == Development == Recent years have seen an increase in community development, with growing access to education, internet, and awareness campaigns aimed at empowering youth.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wikinews contributors|date=2025-06-15|title=Dinpur, Dera Ismail Khan: Recent Developments and Community Update|url=https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Dinpur,_Dera_Ismail_Khan:_Recent_Developments_and_Community_Update|journal=Wikinews}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-18|title=DinPur Dera Ismail Khan Overview of all Time|url=https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/dinpur-dera-ismail-khan-overview-of-all-time/276860511|access-date=2025-06-18|website=SlideShare|language=en}}</ref> == Healthcare == In May 2025, the provincial government allocated PKR 1.11 billion to establish cardiac catheterization laboratories and a burns centre at Mufti Mehmood Memorial Hospital and District Headquarters Hospital in nearby Dera Ismail Khan. These are intended to serve Dinpur residents locally, reducing the need for travel to larger cities.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rs1.11bn released for cath labs, burns centre in Dera |publisher=Dawn |date=26 May 2025 |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1836706 |access-date=18 June 2025}}</ref> == Security and Law Enforcement == Following security incidents in the district—including rocket attacks on military and cantonment areas in December 2022—police operations were conducted in Dinpur and adjacent locales. Several individuals were arrested as part of these organized-crime containment efforts.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rockets rain on Dera Ismail Khan; suspects detained |publisher=Dawn |date=23 Dec 2022 |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/919049 |access-date=18 June 2025}}</ref> == Electricity and Protests == During the winter of 2022–23, long hours of power outages in Dinpur triggered public protests. Demonstrators blocked roads—including Dinpur Road—and burned tyres to demand consistent electricity supply from PESCO and provincial authorities.<ref>{{cite news |title=DI Khan residents protest prolonged load‑shedding |publisher=Dawn |date=16 May 2023 |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1745391 |access-date=18 June 2025}}</ref> == Administrative Oversight == In April 2023, the Assistant Commissioner visited local health facilities unannounced in Dinpur, identifying staff absenteeism at dispensaries and mandating steps to improve accountability.<ref>{{cite news |title=Local health facilities in Dinpur inspected by administration |publisher=Dawn |date=2 Apr 2023 |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1138787 |access-date=18 June 2025}}</ref> == Notable People == *'''Ghulam Muhammad Din Puri''' (1835–1936), an Islamic scholar and founder of Dinpur Sharif.<ref>{{cite wiki |title=Ghulam Muhammad Din Puri |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghulam_Muhammad_Din_Puri |access-date=18 June 2025}}</ref> == Postal Code == The official postal code for Dinpur is 29100.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Din Pur, Dera Ismail Khan - Postcode - 29100 - Pakistan Postcode|url=https://www.pakistanpostcode.com/khyber-pakhtunkhwa-dera-ismail-khan-din-pur-29100.html|access-date=2025-06-18|website=www.pakistanpostcode.com}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://dinpurdikhan.com Official/unofficial community site] [[Category:Dera Ismail Khan District]] [[Category:Union councils of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] [[Category:Populated places in Dera Ismail Khan District]] [[Category:Dinpur School]] 8kglta9qj2yi2nl8wnh9ls4vh7o6q2x 10368719 10368715 2025-07-03T02:18:42Z Auntof6 22027 Removing from [[Category:Populated places in Dera Ismail Khan District]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 10368719 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Dinpur | official_name = Dinpur, Dera Ismail Khan | settlement_type = Village and Union Council | pushpin_map = Pakistan | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Pakistan | coordinates = {{coord|31.8265|70.8794|region:PK_type:city|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Pakistan}} | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = [[Dera Ismail Khan District]] | elevation_m = 175 | population_total = | population_as_of = | timezone1 = [[Pakistan Standard Time|PST]] | utc_offset1 = +5 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 29100 | area_code_type = Calling code | area_code = | website = | image_skyline = | founder = Ahsan Ali Dinpur }} '''Dinpur''' is a village and union council in the [[Dera Ismail Khan District]] of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], Pakistan. It lies southeast of the district’s capital, Dera Ismail Khan, and is situated at an elevation of approximately 175 metres above sea level.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Dinpur, Pakistan|url=https://www.fallingrain.com/world/PK/03/Dinpur.html|access-date=2025-06-18|website=www.fallingrain.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=GeoNames.org|url=https://www.geonames.org/1419039/dinpur.html|access-date=2025-06-18|website=www.geonames.org}}</ref> == Administration == Dinpur forms part of the [[Dera Ismail Khan Tehsil]] and serves as a local government unit (union council) under provincial administration.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dinpur|url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134892110|access-date=2025-06-18|website=www.wikidata.org|language=en}}</ref> == Population and Economy == Predominantly an agricultural community, Dinpur benefits from fertile plains and irrigation infrastructure. Main crops include wheat, maize, sugar‑cane, and cotton. == Education == The village hosts a government-run secondary school, [[Government High School Dinpur]], as well as Dinpur Primary School, both serving the local population.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Government High School Dinpur Dera , Government High School Dinpur Dera Ismail Khan {{!}} RemoteHub|url=https://www.remotehub.com/governmenthighschool.dinpurdera|access-date=2025-06-18|website=www.remotehub.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Din Pur Primary School {{!}} Dera Ismail Khan|url=https://www.archivesouthasia.com/PK/din-pur-primary-school|access-date=2025-06-18|website=ArchiveSouthAsia|language=en}}</ref> == Development == Recent years have seen an increase in community development, with growing access to education, internet, and awareness campaigns aimed at empowering youth.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wikinews contributors|date=2025-06-15|title=Dinpur, Dera Ismail Khan: Recent Developments and Community Update|url=https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Dinpur,_Dera_Ismail_Khan:_Recent_Developments_and_Community_Update|journal=Wikinews}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-18|title=DinPur Dera Ismail Khan Overview of all Time|url=https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/dinpur-dera-ismail-khan-overview-of-all-time/276860511|access-date=2025-06-18|website=SlideShare|language=en}}</ref> == Healthcare == In May 2025, the provincial government allocated PKR 1.11 billion to establish cardiac catheterization laboratories and a burns centre at Mufti Mehmood Memorial Hospital and District Headquarters Hospital in nearby Dera Ismail Khan. These are intended to serve Dinpur residents locally, reducing the need for travel to larger cities.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rs1.11bn released for cath labs, burns centre in Dera |publisher=Dawn |date=26 May 2025 |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1836706 |access-date=18 June 2025}}</ref> == Security and Law Enforcement == Following security incidents in the district—including rocket attacks on military and cantonment areas in December 2022—police operations were conducted in Dinpur and adjacent locales. Several individuals were arrested as part of these organized-crime containment efforts.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rockets rain on Dera Ismail Khan; suspects detained |publisher=Dawn |date=23 Dec 2022 |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/919049 |access-date=18 June 2025}}</ref> == Electricity and Protests == During the winter of 2022–23, long hours of power outages in Dinpur triggered public protests. Demonstrators blocked roads—including Dinpur Road—and burned tyres to demand consistent electricity supply from PESCO and provincial authorities.<ref>{{cite news |title=DI Khan residents protest prolonged load‑shedding |publisher=Dawn |date=16 May 2023 |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1745391 |access-date=18 June 2025}}</ref> == Administrative Oversight == In April 2023, the Assistant Commissioner visited local health facilities unannounced in Dinpur, identifying staff absenteeism at dispensaries and mandating steps to improve accountability.<ref>{{cite news |title=Local health facilities in Dinpur inspected by administration |publisher=Dawn |date=2 Apr 2023 |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1138787 |access-date=18 June 2025}}</ref> == Notable People == *'''Ghulam Muhammad Din Puri''' (1835–1936), an Islamic scholar and founder of Dinpur Sharif.<ref>{{cite wiki |title=Ghulam Muhammad Din Puri |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghulam_Muhammad_Din_Puri |access-date=18 June 2025}}</ref> == Postal Code == The official postal code for Dinpur is 29100.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Din Pur, Dera Ismail Khan - Postcode - 29100 - Pakistan Postcode|url=https://www.pakistanpostcode.com/khyber-pakhtunkhwa-dera-ismail-khan-din-pur-29100.html|access-date=2025-06-18|website=www.pakistanpostcode.com}}</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://dinpurdikhan.com Official/unofficial community site] [[Category:Dera Ismail Khan District]] [[Category:Union councils of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] [[Category:Dinpur School]] od99g420r14jwliw21pdn4o703bhoed 10368723 10368719 2025-07-03T02:19:27Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Dinpur | official_name = Dinpur, Dera Ismail Khan | settlement_type = Village and Union Council | pushpin_map = Pakistan | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Pakistan | coordinates = {{coord|31.8265|70.8794|region:PK_type:city|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Pakistan}} | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = [[Dera Ismail Khan District]] | elevation_m = 175 | population_total = | population_as_of = | timezone1 = [[Pakistan Standard Time|PST]] | utc_offset1 = +5 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 29100 | area_code_type = Calling code | area_code = | website = | image_skyline = | founder = Ahsan Ali Dinpur }} '''Dinpur''' is a village and union council in the [[Dera Ismail Khan District]] of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], Pakistan. It lies southeast of the district’s capital, Dera Ismail Khan, and is situated at an elevation of approximately 175 metres above sea level.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Dinpur, Pakistan|url=https://www.fallingrain.com/world/PK/03/Dinpur.html|access-date=2025-06-18|website=www.fallingrain.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=GeoNames.org|url=https://www.geonames.org/1419039/dinpur.html|access-date=2025-06-18|website=www.geonames.org}}</ref> == Administration == Dinpur forms part of the [[Dera Ismail Khan Tehsil]] and serves as a local government unit (union council) under provincial administration.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dinpur|url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134892110|access-date=2025-06-18|website=www.wikidata.org|language=en}}</ref> == Population and economy == Predominantly an agricultural community, Dinpur benefits from fertile plains and irrigation infrastructure. Main crops include wheat, maize, sugar‑cane, and cotton. == Education == The village hosts a government-run secondary school, [[Government High School Dinpur]], as well as Dinpur Primary School, both serving the local population.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Government High School Dinpur Dera , Government High School Dinpur Dera Ismail Khan {{!}} RemoteHub|url=https://www.remotehub.com/governmenthighschool.dinpurdera|access-date=2025-06-18|website=www.remotehub.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Din Pur Primary School {{!}} Dera Ismail Khan|url=https://www.archivesouthasia.com/PK/din-pur-primary-school|access-date=2025-06-18|website=ArchiveSouthAsia|language=en}}</ref> == Development == Recent years have seen an increase in community development, with growing access to education, internet, and awareness campaigns aimed at empowering youth.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wikinews contributors|date=2025-06-15|title=Dinpur, Dera Ismail Khan: Recent Developments and Community Update|url=https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Dinpur,_Dera_Ismail_Khan:_Recent_Developments_and_Community_Update|journal=Wikinews}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-18|title=DinPur Dera Ismail Khan Overview of all Time|url=https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/dinpur-dera-ismail-khan-overview-of-all-time/276860511|access-date=2025-06-18|website=SlideShare|language=en}}</ref> == Healthcare == In May 2025, the provincial government allocated PKR 1.11 billion to establish cardiac catheterization laboratories and a burns centre at Mufti Mehmood Memorial Hospital and District Headquarters Hospital in nearby Dera Ismail Khan. These are intended to serve Dinpur residents locally, reducing the need for travel to larger cities.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rs1.11bn released for cath labs, burns centre in Dera |publisher=Dawn |date=26 May 2025 |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1836706 |access-date=18 June 2025}}</ref> == Security and law enforcement == Following security incidents in the district—including rocket attacks on military and cantonment areas in December 2022—police operations were conducted in Dinpur and adjacent locales. Several individuals were arrested as part of these organized-crime containment efforts.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rockets rain on Dera Ismail Khan; suspects detained |publisher=Dawn |date=23 Dec 2022 |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/919049 |access-date=18 June 2025}}</ref> == Electricity and protests == During the winter of 2022–23, long hours of power outages in Dinpur triggered public protests. Demonstrators blocked roads—including Dinpur Road—and burned tyres to demand consistent electricity supply from PESCO and provincial authorities.<ref>{{cite news |title=DI Khan residents protest prolonged load‑shedding |publisher=Dawn |date=16 May 2023 |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1745391 |access-date=18 June 2025}}</ref> == Administrative oversight == In April 2023, the Assistant Commissioner visited local health facilities unannounced in Dinpur, identifying staff absenteeism at dispensaries and mandating steps to improve accountability.<ref>{{cite news |title=Local health facilities in Dinpur inspected by administration |publisher=Dawn |date=2 Apr 2023 |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1138787 |access-date=18 June 2025}}</ref> == Notable people == *'''Ghulam Muhammad Din Puri''' (1835–1936), an Islamic scholar and founder of Dinpur Sharif.<ref>{{cite wiki |title=Ghulam Muhammad Din Puri |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghulam_Muhammad_Din_Puri |access-date=18 June 2025}}</ref> == Postal code == The official postal code for Dinpur is 29100.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Din Pur, Dera Ismail Khan - Postcode - 29100 - Pakistan Postcode|url=https://www.pakistanpostcode.com/khyber-pakhtunkhwa-dera-ismail-khan-din-pur-29100.html|access-date=2025-06-18|website=www.pakistanpostcode.com}}</ref> == References == <references /> == Other websites == * [https://dinpurdikhan.com Official/unofficial community site] [[Category:Dera Ismail Khan District]] [[Category:Union councils of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] [[Category:Dinpur School]] 07btv9dj4049v2eb7fsyf9nxxxaw3di 0 1197117 10368714 10345118 2025-07-03T02:18:29Z Auntof6 22027 Moving from [[Category:Villages in Dera Ismail Khan District]] to [[Category:Dera Ismail Khan District]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 10368714 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Dinpur | official_name = Dinpur, Dera Ismail Khan | settlement_type = Village and Union Council | pushpin_map = Pakistan | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Pakistan | coordinates = {{coord|31.8265|70.8794|region:PK_type:city|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Pakistan}} | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = [[Dera Ismail Khan District]] | elevation_m = 175 | population_total = | population_as_of = | timezone1 = [[Pakistan Standard Time|PST]] | utc_offset1 = +5 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 29100 | area_code_type = Calling code | area_code = | website = | image_skyline = }} '''Dinpur''' is a village and union council located in the [[Dera Ismail Khan District]] of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], [[Pakistan]]. It lies southeast of the city of Dera Ismail Khan and is primarily known for its agricultural economy, educational institutions, and emerging digital literacy. == Geography == Dinpur is situated at {{coord|31.8265|70.8794|region:PK_type:city|display=inline}} with an average elevation of about 175 metres (574 feet) above sea level.<ref>[https://www.fallingrain.com/world/PK/03/Dinpur.html Falling Rain Genomics – Dinpur Location]</ref><ref>[https://www.geonames.org/1419039/dinpur.html GeoNames – Dinpur]</ref> == Administration == The village is part of Dera Ismail Khan Tehsil and functions as a union council under the provincial governance of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]].<ref>[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134892110 Wikidata – Dinpur]</ref> == Education == Dinpur is home to several educational institutions: * '''Government High School Dinpur''', a major secondary school that serves the local population.<ref>[https://www.remotehub.com/governmenthighschool.dinpurdera RemoteHub – Government High School Dinpur]</ref> * '''Dinpur Primary School''', located on the Garha Baloch – Dinpur Road, providing foundational education.<ref>[https://www.archivesouthasia.com/PK/din-pur-primary-school Archive South Asia – Dinpur Primary School]</ref> == Development == Recent years have seen an increase in community development, with growing access to education, internet, and awareness campaigns aimed at empowering youth.<ref>[https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Dinpur,_Dera_Ismail_Khan:_Recent_Developments_and_Community_Update Wikinews – Dinpur: Recent Developments]</ref><ref>[https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/dinpur-dera-ismail-khan-overview-of-all-time/276860511 SlideShare – Dinpur Overview]</ref> == Postal Information == The postal code for Dinpur is '''29100'''.<ref>[https://www.pakistanpostcode.com/khyber-pakhtunkhwa-dera-ismail-khan-din-pur-29100.html Pakistan Postcode Directory]</ref> == External links == https://ahsanalidinpur.blogspot.com/2025/06/dinpur-dera-ismail-khan.html == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Dera Ismail Khan District]] [[Category:Union councils of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] [[Category:Populated places in Dera Ismail Khan District]] {{KhyberPakhtunkhwa-geo-stub}} fvkvjzoer909dkh8vgekkupredc6cdo 10368720 10368714 2025-07-03T02:18:43Z Auntof6 22027 Removing from [[Category:Populated places in Dera Ismail Khan District]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 10368720 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Dinpur | official_name = Dinpur, Dera Ismail Khan | settlement_type = Village and Union Council | pushpin_map = Pakistan | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Pakistan | coordinates = {{coord|31.8265|70.8794|region:PK_type:city|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Pakistan}} | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = [[Dera Ismail Khan District]] | elevation_m = 175 | population_total = | population_as_of = | timezone1 = [[Pakistan Standard Time|PST]] | utc_offset1 = +5 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 29100 | area_code_type = Calling code | area_code = | website = | image_skyline = }} '''Dinpur''' is a village and union council located in the [[Dera Ismail Khan District]] of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], [[Pakistan]]. It lies southeast of the city of Dera Ismail Khan and is primarily known for its agricultural economy, educational institutions, and emerging digital literacy. == Geography == Dinpur is situated at {{coord|31.8265|70.8794|region:PK_type:city|display=inline}} with an average elevation of about 175 metres (574 feet) above sea level.<ref>[https://www.fallingrain.com/world/PK/03/Dinpur.html Falling Rain Genomics – Dinpur Location]</ref><ref>[https://www.geonames.org/1419039/dinpur.html GeoNames – Dinpur]</ref> == Administration == The village is part of Dera Ismail Khan Tehsil and functions as a union council under the provincial governance of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]].<ref>[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134892110 Wikidata – Dinpur]</ref> == Education == Dinpur is home to several educational institutions: * '''Government High School Dinpur''', a major secondary school that serves the local population.<ref>[https://www.remotehub.com/governmenthighschool.dinpurdera RemoteHub – Government High School Dinpur]</ref> * '''Dinpur Primary School''', located on the Garha Baloch – Dinpur Road, providing foundational education.<ref>[https://www.archivesouthasia.com/PK/din-pur-primary-school Archive South Asia – Dinpur Primary School]</ref> == Development == Recent years have seen an increase in community development, with growing access to education, internet, and awareness campaigns aimed at empowering youth.<ref>[https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Dinpur,_Dera_Ismail_Khan:_Recent_Developments_and_Community_Update Wikinews – Dinpur: Recent Developments]</ref><ref>[https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/dinpur-dera-ismail-khan-overview-of-all-time/276860511 SlideShare – Dinpur Overview]</ref> == Postal Information == The postal code for Dinpur is '''29100'''.<ref>[https://www.pakistanpostcode.com/khyber-pakhtunkhwa-dera-ismail-khan-din-pur-29100.html Pakistan Postcode Directory]</ref> == External links == https://ahsanalidinpur.blogspot.com/2025/06/dinpur-dera-ismail-khan.html == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Dera Ismail Khan District]] [[Category:Union councils of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] {{KhyberPakhtunkhwa-geo-stub}} rp4gu8gkr6tdoyyvv7mge4ypa43pte9 10368724 10368720 2025-07-03T02:20:36Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Dinpur | official_name = Dinpur, Dera Ismail Khan | settlement_type = Village and Union Council | pushpin_map = Pakistan | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Pakistan | coordinates = {{coord|31.8265|70.8794|region:PK_type:city|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Pakistan}} | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = [[Dera Ismail Khan District]] | elevation_m = 175 | population_total = | population_as_of = | timezone1 = [[Pakistan Standard Time|PST]] | utc_offset1 = +5 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 29100 | area_code_type = Calling code | area_code = | website = | image_skyline = }} '''Dinpur''' is a village and union council in the [[Dera Ismail Khan District]] of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], [[Pakistan]]. It lies southeast of the city of Dera Ismail Khan and is primarily known for its agricultural economy, educational institutions, and emerging digital literacy. == Geography == Dinpur is situated at {{coord|31.8265|70.8794|region:PK_type:city|display=inline}} with an average elevation of about 175 metres (574 feet) above sea level.<ref>[https://www.fallingrain.com/world/PK/03/Dinpur.html Falling Rain Genomics – Dinpur Location]</ref><ref>[https://www.geonames.org/1419039/dinpur.html GeoNames – Dinpur]</ref> == Administration == The village is part of Dera Ismail Khan Tehsil and functions as a union council under the provincial governance of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]].<ref>[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134892110 Wikidata – Dinpur]</ref> == Education == Dinpur is home to several educational institutions: * '''Government High School Dinpur''', a major secondary school that serves the local population.<ref>[https://www.remotehub.com/governmenthighschool.dinpurdera RemoteHub – Government High School Dinpur]</ref> * '''Dinpur Primary School''', located on the Garha Baloch – Dinpur Road, providing foundational education.<ref>[https://www.archivesouthasia.com/PK/din-pur-primary-school Archive South Asia – Dinpur Primary School]</ref> == Development == Recent years have seen an increase in community development, with growing access to education, internet, and awareness campaigns aimed at empowering youth.<ref>[https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Dinpur,_Dera_Ismail_Khan:_Recent_Developments_and_Community_Update Wikinews – Dinpur: Recent Developments]</ref><ref>[https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/dinpur-dera-ismail-khan-overview-of-all-time/276860511 SlideShare – Dinpur Overview]</ref> == Postal information == The postal code for Dinpur is '''29100'''.<ref>[https://www.pakistanpostcode.com/khyber-pakhtunkhwa-dera-ismail-khan-din-pur-29100.html Pakistan Postcode Directory]</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == *https://ahsanalidinpur.blogspot.com/2025/06/dinpur-dera-ismail-khan.html {{geo-stub}} [[Category:Dera Ismail Khan District]] [[Category:Union councils of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] fa20v88tygcmihoplbtdnnrzv1keke3 0 1197224 10368821 10350903 2025-07-03T03:12:49Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox boxer | name = Mirazizbek Mirzakhalilov | image = Mirazizbek Mirzakhalilov, February 2021.jpg | caption = Mirzakhalilov in 2021 | height = 5 ft 6+1/2 in | weight = Super-bantamweight | nationality = Uzbek | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1995|2|27}} | birth_place = Quva, Uzbekistan | total = 2 | wins = 2 | KO = 2 | losses = 0 }} '''Mirazizbek Mirzakhalilov''' (born 27 February 1995) is a [[Uzbekistan|Uzbek]] [[boxer]]. He won many gold medals in amateur boxing. He was the 2019 World Champion and the [[2018 Asian Games]] champion.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Results of men's and women's boxing finals at 2018 Asian Games - Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-09/01/c_137437027.htm|access-date=2025-06-15|website=www.xinhuanet.com}}</ref> He also won gold medals at the 2019 Asian Championships and the 2024 Asian Championships.<ref>{{Cite web|last=kunu.uz|title=Uzbekistan secures top spot in Asian Boxing Championship|url=https://kun.uz/en/news/2024/12/12/uzbekistan-secures-top-spot-in-asian-boxing-championship|access-date=2025-06-15|website=Kun.uz|language=en}}</ref> ==Amateur career== At the 2019 AIBA World Championships in [[Yekaterinburg]], he won the gold medal in featherweight. He defeated top boxers from Brazil, Morocco, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and Cuba.<ref>{{Cite web|last=UzDaily|title=AIBA World Boxing Championships: Uzbekistan wins three gold medals|url=https://www.uzdaily.uz/en/aiba-world-boxing-championships-uzbekistan-wins-three-gold-medals/|access-date=2025-06-15|website=UzDaily.uz|language=en}}</ref> At the [[2018 Asian Games]], he won the gold medal in the bantamweight division. He also won a silver medal at the 2021 Asian Championships and another gold in 2024. He competed in the [[2020 Summer Olympics]] in Tokyo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tokyo Olympians as Rakhimova, Mirzakhalilov and Baturov won their first contests in the Uzbekistan Elite National Championships|url=http://www.asbcnews.org/tokyo-olympians-as-rakhimova-mirzakhalilov-and-baturov-won-their-first-contests-in-the-uzbekistan-elite-national-championships/|access-date=2025-06-15|website=ASBCNEWS|language=en-US}}</ref> He lost in the round of 16 to [[Kurt Walker (boxer)|Kurt Walker]] from Ireland. He is coached by [[Bakhodir Erkaev]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sherzod Khusanov:Polish promoters showed interest and I signed three fights with them.Luckily, my next fight is expected to be in December|url=https://sports.uz/news/view/sherzod-khusanovpolish-promoters-showed-interest-and-i-signed-three-fights-with-themluckily--my-next-fight-is-expected-to-be-in-december-10-10-2020}}</ref> ==Professional career== Mirzakhalilov made his professional debut on 3 April 2021. He knocked out Tasha Mjuaji in the first round. In his second fight, he defeated Islam Torobaev by TKO in round 3. ==Professional record== {| class="wikitable" ! No. ! Result ! Record ! Opponent ! Type ! Round ! Date ! Place |- | 2 | Win | 2–0 | Islam Torobaev | RTD | 3 (4) | 13 August 2022 | Tashkent, Uzbekistan |- | 1 | Win | 1–0 | Tasha Mjuaji | KO | 1 (6) | 3 April 2021 |} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [https://boxrec.com/en/proboxer/895973 Mirzakhalilov at BoxRec] [[Category:1995 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Uzbekistani boxers]] [[Category:Featherweight boxers]] [[Category:Asian Games gold medalists]] i7g9a7uk26jeizu628mjf7d9a1lkicb 0 1197285 10368728 10332706 2025-07-03T02:21:29Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368728 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Eric J. Rose | image = Eric J. Rose in 2015.jpg | nationality = American | occupation = Business executive | years_active = 1996–present | known_for = Evacuating [[Madison Square Garden]] during the [[Jennifer Lopez]] concert in the Manhattan blackout of July 2019 | employer = [[United States Marine Corps]] <br/> [[U.S. Navy]] <br/> [[Pinkerton (detective agency)|Pinkerton]] }} '''Eric Rose''' is an American businessman who is the founder and [[chief executive officer]] of a security company called Event Risk.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Ford |first1=Rebecca |last2=Baum |first2=Gary |date=2016-06-22 |title=Red-Carpet Security Under Scrutiny Post-Orlando as Lapses, Crashers, Proximity to Stars Pose New Risk |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/red-carpet-security-under-scrutiny-904860/ |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite magazine |last=Payne |first=Amy |date=January 2021 |title=Local resident Eric Rose launches Global Security Firm |url=https://issuu.com/tombritt/docs/fishers_0121_issuu |access-date=2025-05-08 |magazine=Fishers Magazine |pages=20–21}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite podcast |title=Security expert talks about what went wrong at the rally |url=https://www.iheart.com/podcast/76-the-mark-blazor-show-30156686/episode/security-expert-talks-about-what-went-195989944/ |website=The Mark Blazor Show |publisher=iHeartRadio |date=July 15, 2024 |access-date=May 8, 2025}}</ref> ==Career== Rose began his career in the [[United States Marine Corps]] in 1996, where he served in the Marine Anti-Terrorism Security Team. After leaving the military, he worked in high-level security and investigated internal theft for a wealthy family featured on the [[Forbes]] list.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Andrew |title=Madison losing its K9 officer |url=https://www.dispatch.com/story/news/local/canal-winchester/2013/10/15/madison-losing-its-k9-officer/23219234007/ |access-date=2025-05-08 |website=The Columbus Dispatch}}</ref> He later joined the police force, working in the Gang Suppression Unit and training new officers. Up until October 2013, he was a [[Police dog|K9]] handler with the Madison Township Police Department. After that, he became a K9 trainer for the U.S. Naval Special Warfare Command in [[Virginia Beach, Virginia|Virginia Beach]].<ref name="auto1" /> Eric also worked for the well-known security company [[Pinkerton (detective agency)|Pinkerton]], where he managed protection for major corporations and large events like the [[Super Bowl]], [[Grammy Award]]s, and [[Emmy Award]]s. Over the years, he has also served as a personal bodyguard for celebrities like [[Kim Kardashian]] and [[John Legend]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|last=Payne|first=Amy|date=2021-01-07|title=Eric Rose of Event Risk|url=https://townepost.com/listing/event-risk/|access-date=2025-05-08|website=Towne Post Network}}</ref> In 2019, he launched Event Risk, a company that provides physical security and safety consulting.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> That same year, he gained attention for safely evacuating [[Madison Square Garden]] during a [[Jennifer Lopez]] concert when New York City experienced a major blackout.<ref name="auto" /> ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == {{Official website|https://www.eventriskinc.com}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Business people]] [[Category:Security]] 2nc48gbv29my8tpnmjg4wute67znqk5 0 1197305 10368705 10340965 2025-07-03T02:14:44Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368705 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uncategorized|date=July 2025}} The '''cathode-ray tube amusement device''' is the earliest-known idea for a video game. It was invented in January 1947 by [[Thomas T. Goldsmith Jr]]. The game has multiple controls represented by dials. You control planes in this game. == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://www.retrogamedeconstructionzone.com/2021/07/cathode-ray-tube-amusement-device.html A playable version of the game] oqym6teqai0kvsg5s20bo670ybazl0p 0 1197351 10368853 10340950 2025-07-03T03:24:03Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368853 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | genre = [[Comedy]]<br />[[Drama]]<br />Teen | runtime = 22 minutes | creator = John May<br />Suzanne Bolch | starring = [[Cara Pifko]]<br />Jeanie Calleja<br />[[Justin Peroff]]<br />Michael George<br />[[Vik Sahay]]<br />[[Christopher Ralph]]<br />[[Jesse Nilsson]]<br />[[Robert Bockstael (actor)|Robert Bockstael]]<br />[[Mimi Kuzyk]]<br />Daniel Enright<br />[[Tory Cassis]]<br />Erin Hickock | composer = Carlos Lopes | executive_producer = Steven DeNure | company = <br /> [[Heroic Film Company]] <br />[[Decode Entertainment]] | country = Canada | language = English | network = [[CBC Television|CBC]] | num_seasons = 2 | num_episodes = 26 | first_aired = {{Start date|2000|10|05}} | last_aired = {{End date|2002|01|20}} }} '''''Our Hero''''' is a Canadian teen comedy-drama television series. WildBrain is a Canadian media, animation studio, production, and brand licensing company. WildBrain was formerly known as DHX Media, and before that, it acquired WildBrain Entertainment in 2010. WildBrain also has a television division called WildBrain Television, which features various kids' and family shows. == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == *{{IMDb title|0262980}} [[Category:2000 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2002 Canadian television series endings]] 3cpc318ua0sjnysb0mzq11qpehxqde3 0 1197419 10368921 10362635 2025-07-03T04:03:43Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = University of Primorska | image = University of Primorska 02.jpg | image_caption= Front of the University of Primorska | established = 29 January 2003 | type = Public university | rector = Dragan Marušič | address = Titov trg 4 | postcode = 6000 | city = [[Koper]] | country = {{SLO}} | website = http://www.upr.si }} The '''University of Primorska''' is a public university in [[Koper]], Slovenia. The city is also known by its Italian name, '''Capodistria'''. The university is named after the {{lang|sl|Primorska}} region, which means “Littoral” in Slovene. It is the third university in Slovenia, after the [[University of Ljubljana]] and the [[University of Maribor]]. The University of Primorska opened on 29 January 2003. Since November 2011, its rector has been [[Dragan Marušič]]. The university has six faculties: * Faculty of Education * Faculty of Humanities * Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technology * Faculty of Tourism * Faculty of Management On 6 December 2012, students and staff from Slovenian universities, including the University of Primorska, protested in front of the building of the [[National Assembly of Slovenia]] against proposed education budget cuts for 2013 and 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=Univerze protestno pred Državni zbor|url=http://www.um.si/univerza/medijsko-sredisce/novice/Strani/novice.aspx?p=81|access-date=6 December 2012|language=sl|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194621/http://www.um.si/univerza/medijsko-sredisce/novice/Strani/novice.aspx?p=81|url-status=dead}}</ref> == References == <references responsive="1"></references> == Other websites == * [https://www.upr.si/ Official website] * [https://twitter.com/si_upr University on Twitter] * [https://www.facebook.com/UniversityUP/ University on Facebook] * [https://www.instagram.com/upr.si/ University on Instagram] * [https://www.linkedin.com/school/universityofprimorska/ University on LinkedIn] * [https://www.youtube.com/@universityofprimorska University on YouTube] [[Category:Organizations based in Slovenia]] 10mcqqo3cgb0avdzu4cu711qwhlrmkx 0 1197423 10368920 10362549 2025-07-03T04:03:37Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = University of Eswatini | image = Logo de l'université du Swaziland.jpg | motto = ''Umculu Sisekelo Sesive'' | native_name = University of Eswatini | established = 1964 | type = Public university | language = English | city = [[Kwaluseni]] | country = {{Eswatini}} | campus = Kwaluseni, Luyengo and [[Mbabane]] | vice_chancellor= Prof. Cisco Magagula | students = about 3,700 (2010) | affiliations = [[Association of Commonwealth Universities]], [[Association of African Universities]] | website = https://www.uneswa.ac.sz/ }} The '''University of Eswatini''' is a public university in Kwaluseni, Manzini District, Eswatini. It was founded in 1964. == History == The university began as part of the University of Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland (UBLS), based in Lesotho from 1964 to 1975. In 1976, it became the University of Botswana and Swaziland. In 1982, it was renamed the University of Swaziland, and in 2018 it took its current name, University of Eswatini.<ref>{{cite web|title=History|url=http://www.uniswa.sz/uniswainfo/history|access-date=21 April 2020|website=University of Eswatini|archive-date=16 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216111649/http://www.uniswa.sz/uniswainfo/history|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Faculties == The university has seven faculties:<ref>{{cite web|title=University of Swaziland|url=https://www.4icu.org/reviews/4314.htm|access-date=21 April 2020|website=4icu.org}}</ref> * Faculty of Agriculture * Faculty of Health Sciences * Faculty of Education * Faculty of Humanities * Faculty of Commerce * Faculty of Science * Faculty of Social Sciences == Notable people == === Alumni === * [[Lindiwe Sisulu]], South African politician * [[Patrice Motsepe]], South African businessman<ref>{{cite web|title=Patrice Motsepe|url=http://celongconnexions.com/patrice-mutsepe.html|access-date=21 April 2020|website=Internet Archive|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080530/http://celongconnexions.com/patrice-mutsepe.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Pakalitha Mosisili]], Lesotho politician * [[Ellinah Wamukoya]], Anglican bishop == References == <references responsive="1"></references> == Other websites == * [https://www.uneswa.ac.sz/ Official website] [[Category:Education in Eswatini]] [[Category:Educational institutions established in 1964]] ezf1jkfo79xu03yr1dit1rsyk92v752 1 1197622 10368994 10335277 2025-07-03T05:36:16Z St.Alex7777 1635394 /* Please correct the year on the page "Did you know?" */ new section 10368994 wikitext text/x-wiki {{dyktalk|17 June|2025}} == Please correct the year on the page "Did you know?" == . that the '''[[Anglo-Zanzibar War]]''' fought between [[Britain]] and [[Zanzibar]] in 1986 lasted only 38 minutes, making it the shortest recorded war? [[User:St.Alex7777|St.Alex7777]] ([[User talk:St.Alex7777|talk]]) 05:36, 3 July 2025 (UTC) 5h8mwyuj95s723x7s8vvuz68oynocvp 0 1197653 10369350 10335757 2025-07-03T10:24:38Z Wukuendo 1292020 wiki-link word 10369350 wikitext text/x-wiki In programming, an '''immutable''' [[object]] (also '''immutability''') means that its [[content]]s or [[value]] will not change or does not allow changes from users after being created. But, this does not mean an unwanted change can not happen to an object being [[storage|stored]] in [[Computer_memory|memory]] by finding unusual ways to [[bypass]] [[built-in]] [[rule]]s or [[security]]. The opposite is a '''mutable''' object that allows changes. [[Category:Computer science]] [[Category:Computer terminology]] cavbahsrbxqo43y4peqmwn5xqsiz3qq 0 1197671 10368759 10366147 2025-07-03T02:34:16Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368759 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}} {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Iran–Israel war | partof = the [[Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)]] | image = {{Multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 300 | perrow = 2/2 | image1 = Pictures of the Israeli attack on Tehran 1 Mehr (2).jpg | image2 = The Israel Attack on Tehran - Patrice Lumumba Street 22 Tasnim.jpg | image3= June 2025 Iranian strikes on Bat Yam.jpg | image4 = Batch 3 Avash 15.jpg }}From top left: The city of [[Tehran]] after Israeli strikes; damages and explosions in Tehran during the conflict; damaged building in [[Bat Yam]]. | date = [[June 2025 Israeli strikes on Iran|13 June 2025]] – [[2025 Iran–Israel ceasefire|25 June 2025]]{{efn|Although the ceasefire was activated on 24 June, both countries still fought until the next day. Where both have completely agreed to the agreement.}} (12 days) | place = [[Iran]], [[Israel]] and [[West Bank]]<br/> '''[[Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)|Spillover countries]]:''' {{flatlist| * [[Iraq]] * [[Jordan]] * [[Kuwait]] * [[Qatar]] * [[Lebanon]] * [[Saudi Arabia]] * [[Syria]] * [[Yemen]] }} | result = [[2025 Iran–Israel ceasefire|Ceasefire]] | status = | combatant1 = '''{{flag|Israel}}'''<br/> '''{{flag|United States}}'''{{efn|The United States has began supporting Israel in defensive attack since 13 June, but has not joined the war yet until 22 June.}} (since [[United States strikes on Iranian nuclear sites|22 June 2025]])<br/>'''Diplomatic support:'''<br/>{{flag|Argentina}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.infobae.com/america/agencias/2025/06/20/javier-milei-afirma-que-iran-es-un-enemigo-de-argentina/|title=Javier Milei afirma que Irán "es un enemigo de Argentina"|access-date=2025-06-21|date=2025-06-20|website=Infobae|language=es}}</ref> ---- '''Defensive countries:'''{{tree list}} * {{flag|Jordan}} * {{flag|Qatar}} * {{flag|France}}<ref name="FranceInvolvement">{{cite web |title=France says it intercepted drones targeting Israel prior to Iran ceasefire |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/france-says-it-intercepted-drones-targeting-israel-prior-iran-ceasefire-2025-06-26/ |website=[[Reuters]] |publisher=Reuters |date=26 June 2025}}</ref> <small>*Note: These countries have participated in shooting down Iranian UAVs and ballistic missiles.</small> | combatant2 = {{tree list}} * '''{{flag|Iran}}''' * {{flag|Houthis}} | commander1 = {{plainlist| * {{nowrap|{{flagdeco|Israel}} '''[[Benjamin Netanyahu]]'''}} * {{nowrap|{{flagdeco|Israel}} '''[[Israel Katz]]'''}} * {{nowrap|{{flagdeco|Israel}} [[Eyal Zamir]]}} * {{nowrap|{{flagdeco|Israel}} [[Tomer Bar]]}} * {{nowrap|{{flagdeco|Israel}} [[Tamir Yadai]]}} * {{nowrap|{{flagdeco|Israel}} [[David Barnea]]}} * {{nowrap|{{flagdeco|USA}} '''[[Donald Trump]]'''}} * {{nowrap|{{flagdeco|USA}} [[Pete Hegseth]]}} * {{nowrap|{{flagdeco|USA}} [[Dan Caine]]}} * {{nowrap|{{flagdeco|USA}} [[Michael Kurilla]]}} }} | commander2 = {{plainlist| * {{nowrap|{{flagdeco|Iran}} '''[[Ali Khamenei]]'''}} * {{nowrap|{{flagdeco|Iran}} '''[[Masoud Pezeshkian]]'''}} * {{flagdeco|Iran}} [[Mohammad Bagheri (general)|Mohammad Bagheri]]{{Assassinated}} * {{flagdeco|Iran}} [[Abdolrahim Mousavi]] * {{flagdeco|Iran}} [[Amir Hatami]] * {{flagdeco|Iran}} [[Hossein Salami]]{{Assassinated}} * {{flagdeco|Iran}} [[Mohammad Pakpour]] * {{flagdeco|Houthis}} '''[[Abdul-Malik al-Houthi]]''' * {{flagdeco|Houthis}} [[Mahdi al-Mashat]] * {{flagdeco|Houthis}} [[Muhammad Abd al-Karim al-Ghamari]] * {{flagdeco|Houthis}} [[Mohamed al-Atifi]] }} | casualties1 = '''Per Israel:'''<br />29 killed<ref name="aplivejune23">{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/live/iran-israel-war-updates-6-23-2025|title=Live updates: Ceasefire status is unclear after Israel reports continued missiles from Iran|date=23 June 2025|website=AP News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=16 June 2025 |title= IDF: 80-90% of Iranian missiles intercepted, but 24 Israelis killed in attacks |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/defense-news/article-857892 |access-date=17 June 2025 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref><ref name="heartattack">{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/woman-dies-of-heart-attack-while-sheltering-from-iran-missiles-mda-raises-haifa-injury-toll-to-23/|title=Woman dies of heart attack while sheltering from Iran missiles; MDA raises Haifa injury toll to 23 |work=The Times of Israel|date=20 June 2025}}</ref><br />3,238 injured<ref name="israelcasualties">{{Cite web |last=Fabian |first=Emanuel |title=Medical officials say 28 people were killed, over 3,000 wounded by Iranian missiles during conflict |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/medical-officials-say-28-people-were-killed-over-3000-wounded-by-iranian-missiles-during-conflict/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=The Times of Israel |language=en-US}}</ref><br />2 [[Elbit Hermes 900|Hermes drone]] shot down<ref name="hermesdowned">{{Cite web |date=18 June 2025 |title=Israel says drone downed in Iran |url=https://aje.io/fcyxah?update=3783202 |website=Al Jazeera English}}</ref><br />'''Per Iran:'''<br/>61+ [[Unmanned Aerial Vehicles|UAVs]] and [[cruise missiles]] destroyed<ref>{{cite news|url=https://ifpnews.com/air-defense-hq-over-60-israeli-uavs-missiles-destroyed-by-iran/|title=Air Defense HQ: Over 60 Israeli UAVs, Missiles Destroyed by Iran|work=Iran Front Page |date=18 June 2025}}</ref><br/>700+ alleged Mossad agents arrested<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 June 2025 |title=Iran says 700 arrested for wartime ties with Israel; 3 alleged Mossad agents hanged |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/iran-says-700-arrested-for-wartime-ties-with-israel-3-alleged-mossad-agents-hanged/ |access-date=25 June 2025 |work=[[The Times of Israel]]}}</ref><br/>5 alleged Mossad agents executed<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2025 |title=Iran executes alleged Mossad spy |url=https://aje.io/p8ugy8?update=3778481 |website=[[Al Jazeera English]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2025 |title=Convicted Mossad spy executed in Iran: Report |url=https://aje.io/819lk2?update=3791203 |website=Al Jazeera English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2025 |title=Iran executes three people accused of spying for Israeli spy agency Mossad |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/iran-executes-three-people-accused-of-spying-for-israeli-spy-agency-mossad-101750819824692.html |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> | casualties2 = '''Per Iran:'''<br />610 killed<br />4,700+ wounded<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250624-iran-israel-war-latest-developments | title=Iran-Israel war: latest developments | work=France 24 | date=24 June 2025 }}</ref><br />'''Per [[HRANA]]:'''<br />1,190 killed<ref name="HRANA">{{Cite web |title=Twelve Days Under Fire. A Comprehensive Report on the Iran-Israel War |url=https://www.en-hrana.org/twelve-days-under-fire-a-comprehensive-report-on-the-iran-israel-war/ |website=HRANA News Agency |date=28 June 2025 |access-date=29 June 2025 |language=en }}</ref><br />4,475 injured<ref name="HRANA"/><br />'''Per Israel:'''<br />950 drones destroyed<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-says-some-950-iranian-drones-destroyed-before-being-launched-at-israel/|title=IDF says some 950 Iranian drones destroyed before being launched at Israel|date=21 June 2025}}</ref><br />200+ [[ballistic missile]] launchers and 120+ [[Surface-to-air missile|SAM]] launchers destroyed<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/israel-will-achieve-its-objectives-against-iran-within-a-week-or-two-say-idf-officials|title=Israel will achieve its objectives against Iran within a week or two, say IDF officials|first=Emanuel|last=Fabian|work=The Times of Israel|date=17 June 2025}}</ref><ref name="thirtypercent">{{Cite web |date=16 June 2025 |title=Israeli army claims it destroyed 30% of Iran's missile launchers |url=https://aje.io/p8ugy8?update=3778947 |website=[[Al Jazeera English]]}}</ref><br />8 [[Bell AH-1 SuperCobra|AH-1]] helicopters destroyed<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-says-it-bombed-5-iranian-ah-1-helicopters-at-kermanshah-airbase/|title=IDF says it bombed 5 Iranian AH-1 helicopters at Kermanshah airbase|first=Emanuel|last=Fabian|work=The Times of Israel|date=18 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-says-it-destroyed-three-more-iranian-military-helicopters/|title=IDF says it destroyed three more Iranian military helicopters|first=Emanuel|last=Fabian|work=The Times of Israel|date=18 June 2025}}</ref><br/>5 [[Grumman F-14 Tomcat|F-14]] fighter jets destroyed<ref name="TWZTomcats">{{cite news|url=https://www.twz.com/air/irans-f-14-persian-tomcats-obliterated-in-israeli-airstrike|work=TWZ|date=16 June 2025|title=Iranian F-14 'Persian Tomcats' obliterated in Israeli airstrike|first=Tyler|last=Rogoway}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-spokesman-says-three-iranian-f-14-fighter-jets-destroyed-in-latest-strikes/|title=IDF spokesman says three Iranian F-14 fighter jets destroyed in latest strikes|first=Emanuel|last=Fabian|work=The Times of Israel|date=21 June 2025}}</ref><br />2 [[Northrop F-5|F-5]] fighter jets destroyed<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-says-it-destroyed-2-iranian-fighter-jets-8-ballistic-missile-launchers-among-dozens-of-targets/|title=IDF says it destroyed 2 Iranian fighter jets, 8 ballistic missile launchers, among dozens of targets|first=Emanuel|last=Fabian|work=The Times of Israel|date=22 June 2025}}</ref><br/>1 [[Boeing 707|KC-707]] destroyed<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-special-report-june-18-2025-evening-edition|title=Iran Update Special Report, June 18, 2025, Evening Edition|work=Institute for the Study of War|date=18 June 2025}}</ref> | casualties3 = Tens of thousands of Iranian civilians displaced<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fassihi |first=Farnaz |date=2025-06-24 |title=Can Iran, Israel and the U.S. Now All Claim to Have Won? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/23/world/middleeast/iran-response-ceasefire-chance.html |access-date=2025-06-24 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><br/>9,000+ Israeli civilians displaced<ref>{{cite news |date=18 June 2025 |title=Israel Reports 24 Dead, 800 Injured in Iranian Strikes as War Enters Sixth Day |url=https://tps.co.il/articles/24-israelis-killed-800-injured-thousands-displaced-as-war-enters-fifth-day/ |work=Israel's Government Press Office via TPS |access-date=21 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=18 June 2025 |title=Iranian missiles have killed 24, injured more than 800 |url=https://www.jns.org/iranian-missiles-have-killed-24-injured-more-than-800/ |work= Jewish News Syndicate (JNS) |access-date=21 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=18 June 2025 |title=Iranian missiles force evacuation of 3,800 people in Israel |url=https://www.usmuslims.com/iranian-missiles-force-evacuation-of-3800-people-in-israel-302746h.htm |work=USMuslims |access-date=21 June 2025}}</ref><br />8,000+ Israelis homeless<ref>{{cite news|url= https://aje.io/asdg2r?update=3787793|title=More than 8,000 Israelis left homeless due to conflict with Iran: Report|work=Al Jazeera English|date=20 June 2025}}</ref><br/>1 Syrian civilian killed and 1 injured<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/rights-group-says-woman-killed-in-western-syria-likely-by-iranian-drone/|title=Rights group says woman killed in western Syria, likely by Iranian drone|work=The Times of Israel|date=16 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-24 |title=666522 |url=https://thawra.sy/?P=666522 |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=Thawra |language=ar}}</ref><br />7 Jordanian civilians injured<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yohanan |first=Nurit |title=Caught in the crossfire, Jordan (quietly) shields Israel as Iranian shrapnel rains down |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/caught-in-the-crossfire-jordan-quietly-shields-israel-as-iranian-shrapnel-rains-down/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=The Times of Israel |language=en-US}}</ref><br /> 5 Palestinian civilians injured<ref name ="YEMEN_MISSLE">{{Cite news |date=14 June 2025 |title=Israel says missile launched from Yemen fell in Hebron; at least 5 Palestinians hurt |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/world/middle-east/israel-says-missile-launched-from-yemen-fell-in-hebron-at-least-5-palestinians-hurt |work=[[The Straits Times]]}}</ref> | units1 = {{tree list}} * [[File:Flag of the Israel Defense Forces.svg|20px]] [[Israel Defense Forces]] ** {{Air force|Israel}} *** {{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Israeli_Air_Defense_Network.svg}} [[Air Defense Command (Israel)|Air Defense Command]] **{{flagicon image|Flag of IDF Home Front Command.svg}} [[Home Front Command]] * [[File:Mossad seal.svg|20px]] [[Mossad]] * {{armed forces|United States of America}} ** {{air force|United States of America}} ** {{navy|United States of America}} {{tree list/end}} | units2 = {{tree list}} * {{flagicon image|Flag of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran.svg}} [[Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran|Iranian Armed Forces]] ** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army.svg}} [[Islamic Republic of Iran Army|Iranian Army]] *** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Defense Force.svg}} [[Islamic Republic of Iran Air Defense Force|Air Defense Force]] ** {{flag|Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps}} *** {{air force|Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|name=Aerospace Force}} *** {{flagicon image|Flag of Quds Force.svg}} [[Quds Force]] **** Palestine Corps<ref name="izadi">{{Cite web |date=21 June 2025 |title=Israel says it killed Iran's military coordinator with Hamas |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cn9yxrxwzzzo |access-date=21 June 2025 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/israel-claims-killing-of-top-iranian-quds-force-commander-in-qom-strike-/3606543|title=Israel claims killing of top Iranian Quds Force commander in Qom strike|work=Anadolu Agency|date=21 June 2025}}</ref> *** {{flagicon image|Flag of Basij.svg}} [[Basij]]<ref>{{cite web |title=IRAN'S BASIJ INCREASES SECURITY, SETS UP MORE CHECKPOINTS |url=https://iranwire.com/en/news/142219-irans-basij-increases-security-sets-up-more-checkpoints/ |website=Iranwire |access-date=17 June 2025 |date=16 June 2025 }}</ref> *** [[Zanjan Ansar al-Mahdi Provincial Corps|Ansar al-Mahdi Corps]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2025 |title=IRGC commander, soldier killed in Israeli attack |url=https://aje.io/p8ugy8?update=3778543 |website=Al Jazeera English}}</ref> * {{armed forces|Yemen}} ([[Supreme Political Council|SPC]]) **{{Air Force|Yemen}} ** {{flagdeco|Houthis}} [[Houthis|Houthi militia]] ** {{ill|Strategic Reserve Forces (Yemen){{!}}Strategic Reserve Forces|ar|قوات حرس الحدود اليمنية}} ***{{ill|Missile Brigades Group (Yemen){{!}}Missile Brigades Group|ar|مجموعة ألوية الصواريخ (اليمن)}} {{tree list/end}} }} The '''Iran–Israel war''' began following the [[Israel]]i strikes against [[Iran]] on 13 June 2025 with an operation named [[Operation Rising Lion]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Powell|first=Oren Liebermann, Jeremy Diamond, Helen Regan, Nectar Gan, Chris Lau, Lauren Izso, Tamar Michaelis, Piper Hudspeth Blackburn, Rhea Mogul, Jessie Yeung, Nadeen Ebrahim, Mostafa Salem, Aditi Sangal, Tori B.|date=2025-06-13|title=Live updates: Israel attacks Iran, explosions in Tel Aviv and Tehran, US position|url=https://www.cnn.com/world/live-news/israel-iran-strikes-news-06-12-25-hnk-intl|access-date=2025-06-17|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Graham-Harrison|first=Emma|date=2025-06-15|title=Israel and Iran broaden strikes during third day of escalating war|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jun/15/israel-hits-iran-energy-defence-ministry-conflict-escalates|access-date=2025-06-17|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Adil|first=Ted Regencia,Alastair McCready,Ali Harb,Erin Hale,Tim Hume,Umut Uras,Virginia Pietromarchi,Nils Adler,Caolán Magee,Abby Seiff,Usaid Siddiqui,Jillian Kestler-D'Amours,Hafsa|title=Updates: Iran hits Israel with air strikes after nuclear site attacks|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2025/6/13/live-explosions-reported-in-iran-amid-israel-tensions|access-date=2025-06-17|website=Al Jazeera|language=en}}</ref> This is the first time both countries went to a direct conflict since [[2024 Iran–Israel conflict|2024]] but on a massive scale. Iran responded by sending ballistic missiles against Israel ([[Code name|codenamed]] Operation True Promise III), mostly in [[Tel Aviv]] and [[Jerusalem]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Cornwell|first=Alexander|last2=Hafezi|first2=Parisa|last3=Holland|first3=Steve|last4=Cornwell|first4=Alexander|date=2025-06-13|title=Iran strikes back at Israel with missiles over Jerusalem, Tel Aviv|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-says-it-strikes-iran-amid-nuclear-tensions-2025-06-13/|access-date=2025-06-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-13|title=Israel strikes Iran's nuclear sites and kills top generals. Iran retaliates with missile barrages|url=https://apnews.com/article/iran-explosions-israel-tehran-00234a06e5128a8aceb406b140297299|access-date=2025-06-17|website=AP News|language=en}}</ref> As of 24 June, 610 were killed in Iran. 29 were killed in Israel.<!--As of 24 June, casualties in both sides had reached more than thousands, with Iran suffered the most with 610 killed, while Israel has 29 killed.--> This conflict happened when Israel is participating in the [[Gaza War (2023–present)|Gaza war]], in which Iran supports the [[Palestinian movements]] and the organization [[Hamas]]. Iran has also accusing Israel of killing Palestinian civilians. Both sides once struck each others in [[April 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel|April 2024]] and another in [[October 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel|October 2024]] but escalated in 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How effective was Iran’s attack? The Israeli public doesn’t have the full picture|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-effective-was-irans-attack-the-israeli-public-doesnt-have-the-full-picture/|access-date=2025-06-17|website=www.timesofisrael.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Boxerman|first=Aaron|last2=Bergman|first2=Ronen|last3=Fassihi|first3=Farnaz|last4=Schmitt|first4=Eric|date=2024-04-13|title=Israel Reports Light Damage After Iran Launches Large Strike|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2024/04/13/world/israel-iran-gaza-war-news|access-date=2025-06-17|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Many Iranian generals and scientists worked for the nuclear program had been killed by Israeli strikes.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Regalado|first=Francesca|last2=Ward|first2=Euan|last3=Fassihi|first3=Farnaz|last4=Granados|first4=Samuel|last5=Chutel|first5=Lynsey|date=2025-06-13|title=These Are Iranian Generals and Scientists Killed by Israel|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/13/world/middleeast/iran-military-generals-killed-israel.html|access-date=2025-06-19|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sutherland|first=Callum|date=2025-06-13|title=Israel Kills Top Iranian General Days After Appointment to War Command|url=https://time.com/7293886/iranian-generals-scientists-targets-killed-by-israeli-strikes/|access-date=2025-06-19|website=TIME|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ebrahim|first=Ross Adkin, Tamar Michaelis, Nadeen|date=2025-06-13|title=Hossein Salami, Mohammad Bagheri, Ali Shamkhani killed as Israel targets Iranian military and nuclear leadership|url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/06/13/middleeast/israel-iran-strikes-military-deaths-intl-hnk|access-date=2025-06-19|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref> The [[United States]], under U.S. President [[Donald Trump]], has expressed concerns about the situation in the [[Middle East]]. The US is a [[United States–Israel relations|major ally]] of Israel and has supported Israel for many decades, the US has participated in shooting down Iranian missiles and has officially joined the war with Israel against Iran on [[United States strikes on Iranian nuclear sites|22 June]].<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /><ref name=":10" /> Before the Israeli attack, the US and Iran were negotiating over nuclear peace agreement.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-03|title=Analysis: An outline is emerging of the US offer to Iran in their high-stakes nuclear negotiations|url=https://apnews.com/article/iran-us-nuclear-talks-analysis-israel-mideast-2cbea2d6982bd8806d7e8fa7771afc37|access-date=2025-06-19|website=AP News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Iran-US nuclear talks: Is a new deal imminent? – DW – 05/27/2025|url=https://www.dw.com/en/iran-us-nuclear-talks-is-a-new-deal-imminent/a-72687249|access-date=2025-06-19|website=dw.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Wintour|first=Patrick|date=2025-05-23|title=Iran-US nuclear talks end with no agreement but ‘possibility of progress’|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/may/23/iran-us-nuclear-talks-end-no-agreement-possibility-progress-|access-date=2025-06-19|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref name=":4" /> Iran pulled out after the attack.<ref>{{Cite news|last=MacFarquhar|first=Neil|date=2025-06-14|title=Next Round of Nuclear Talks Between U.S. and Iran Is Off|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/14/world/middleeast/us-iran-nuclear-talks.html|access-date=2025-06-19|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Iran cancels US nuclear talks next round amid ‘barbarous’ Israeli attacks|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/6/14/iran-says-nuclear-talks-with-us-meaningless-as-trump-pushes-for-a-deal|access-date=2025-06-19|website=Al Jazeera|language=en}}</ref> On 23 June, Iran [[2025 Iranian strikes on Al Udeid Air Base|struck an air base]] in [[Qatar]] to respond US' attacks the day before. In the same day Trump said that both Iran and Israel have agreed to a ceasefire,<ref name=":15">{{Cite news|last=Fassihi|first=Farnaz|last2=Swan|first2=Jonathan|last3=Bergman|first3=Ronen|last4=Boxerman|first4=Aaron|last5=Rasgon|first5=Adam|date=2025-06-23|title=Live Updates: Trump Says Cease-Fire Is Imminent; No Word From Iran or Israel|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2025/06/23/world/iran-israel-ceasefire-trump|access-date=2025-06-24|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> although both countries have violated it later<ref name=":17">{{Cite web|last=Neelakandan|first=Ruxandra Iordache,Victor Loh,Dan Mangan,Christina Wilkie,Kevin Breuninger,Erin Doherty,Laya|date=2025-06-23|title=Trump says he's 'not happy' as Israel and Iran both claim ceasefire violations|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/06/23/iran-qatar-iraq-attacks-us-israel.html|access-date=2025-06-24|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> and even Trump accused both<ref name=":18">{{Cite web|title=Israel-Iran live updates: Early report says US strikes only set Iran’s nuclear program back months|url=https://apnews.com/live/iran-israel-war-updates-6-24-2025|access-date=2025-06-25|website=AP News|language=en}}</ref> but since then none have attacked each other. The [[Houthi movement|Houthis]], an Iran-backed movement and military organization in [[Yemen]], has shown support for Iran ever since the attack happened. On 22 June, after the US strikes on Iran, Houthi cancelled the [[ceasefire]] that it has reached with the US made by President Trump.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web|date=2025-06-22|title=Yemeni Houthi’s response to US attack on Iran ‘only a matter of time’, official says|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20250622-yemeni-houthis-response-to-us-attack-on-iran-only-a-matter-of-time-official-says/|access-date=2025-06-23|website=Middle East Monitor}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite web|title=Houthis end cease fire with US and say they will attack American forces in the Red Sea|url=https://www.commonspace.eu/news/houthis-end-cease-fire-us-and-say-they-will-attack-american-forces-red-sea|access-date=2025-06-23|website=commonspace.eu|language=en}}</ref> Most countries criticized Israel's first attack and had told its citizens to leave both countries in case of safety.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2025-06-20|title=Countries evacuating citizens from Iran and Israel|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/china/countries-evacuating-citizens-iran-israel-2025-06-19/|access-date=2025-06-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-19|title=Govts scramble to evacuate citizens from Israel and Iran|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250619-govts-scramble-to-evacuate-citizens-from-israel-iran|access-date=2025-06-21|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref> Israel warns that no citizens should leave the country and must stay inside the country.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Israel has barred its citizens from leaving the country – Middle East Monitor|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20250617-israel-has-barred-its-citizens-from-leaving-the-country/|access-date=2025-06-19|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Smith|first=Dov Lieber and Zvi|title=With Israel’s Major Airport Shut Down, Citizens and Tourists Scramble to Get Home|url=https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/with-israels-major-airport-shut-down-citizens-tourists-stuck-scramble-to-get-home-1b660d83|access-date=2025-06-19|website=WSJ|language=en-US}}</ref> Israel has began evacuating people as the situation worsen.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Livingstone|first=Helen|last2=Yang|first2=Maya|last3=Ambrose|first3=Tom|last4=Coughlan|first4=Joe|last5=Vernon|first5=Helen Livingstone (now); Hayden|last6=Coughlan (earlier)|first6=Joe|date=2025-06-20|title=Israeli military issues evacuation warning – as it happened|language=en-GB|work=the Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2025/jun/19/israel-iran-conflict-live-hospital-in-southern-israel-hit-in-iran-missile-strike-say-israeli-officials|access-date=2025-06-21|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Many people claimed this war to be the first stage of the [[World War III|Third World War]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Some US diplomats leave Israel; embassy prepares to evacuate citizens who want to go {{!}} The Times of Israel|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/us-embassy-working-on-plans-to-evacuate-american-citizens-seeking-to-leave-israel/amp/|access-date=2025-06-19|website=www.timesofisrael.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=world war III: A list of 'safest' countries to seek shelter as World War III fear looms - The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/global-trends/a-list-of-safest-countries-to-seek-shelter-as-world-war-iii-fear-looms/articleshow/121934172.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2025-06-19|website=m.economictimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=updated|first=The Week UK last|date=2018-04-17|title=Is World War Three coming?|url=https://theweek.com/92967/are-we-heading-towards-world-war-3|access-date=2025-06-19|website=The Week|language=en}}</ref> == Background == {{See also|Policy of Iran towards Israel}} Since the [[Iranian Revolution|1979 Iranian revolution]], the [[Iran–Israel relations|relationships between Iran and Israel]] changed from friends to enemies. Iran has called for a [[Antisemitism|total destruction for Israel]] multiple times. Iran also [[Nuclear program of Iran|wants to build]] [[Nuclear weapon|nuclear warheads]], which Israel fears that it could send a massive threat against Israel's security. During the [[Gaza War (2023–present)|Gaza war]], Iran has accused that Israel is killing innocent people, particularly [[Palestinian people|Palestinians]]. Making tensions rise. On 1 April, 2024. Israel [[Iranian consulate airstrike in Damascus|strikes]] Iranian embassy in [[Damascus]], killing 12 Iranians.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-04-01|title=Iran accuses Israel of killing generals in Syria strike|language=en-GB|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-68708923|access-date=2025-06-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-04-02|title=Iran says Israel bombs its embassy in Syria, kills commanders|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-bombs-iran-embassy-syria-iranian-commanders-among-dead-2024-04-01/|access-date=2025-06-17}}</ref> Iran then [[April 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel|responded]] by sending drones and missiles to Israel, Israel said it shot down 99 percent Iranian drones and ballistic missiles. On 19 April, Israel retaliated and began attacking Iranian sites and airports. Iran later told no retaliation was planned.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Staff|first=ToI|last2=Agencies|title=Iran says no retaliation planned, as both sides seek distance from Isfahan attack|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/iran-says-no-retaliation-planned-as-both-sides-seek-distance-from-isfahan-attack/|access-date=2025-06-17|website=www.timesofisrael.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-04-19|title=Israel, Iran ready to de-escalate -- for now: analysts|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240419-israel-iran-ready-to-de-escalate-for-now-analysts|access-date=2025-06-17|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref> The situation happened again in October where Iran [[October 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel|bombed]] Israel to respond the [[Assassination of Ismail Haniyeh|assassination]] of the Iran-backed [[terrorist]] organization [[Hamas]] leader [[Ismail Haniyeh]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-10-01|title=Iran cites international law in attack on Israel as regional tensions flare|url=https://www.jurist.org/news/2024/10/iran-cites-international-law-as-justification-for-israel-attack-as-regional-tensions-flare/|access-date=2025-06-18|website=www.jurist.org|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Israel declares UN chief 'persona non grata' – DW – 10/02/2024|url=https://www.dw.com/en/middle-east-updates-israel-declares-un-chief-persona-non-grata/live-70381575|access-date=2025-06-18|website=dw.com|language=en}}</ref> Israel then responded by a [[October 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran|bombing operation]] on Iran on 26 October.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ravid|first=Barak|date=2024-10-25|title=Israel launches retaliatory attack against Iran|url=https://www.axios.com/2024/10/25/israel-attacks-iran-retaliation|access-date=2025-06-18|website=Axios|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Kingsley|first=Patrick|last2=Fassihi|first2=Farnaz|last3=Bergman|first3=Ronen|date=2024-10-25|title=Israel Strikes Iran in Retaliatory Attack|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2024/10/25/world/israel-lebanon-gaza-iran|access-date=2025-06-18|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> This will not happen again until June 2025. == Timeline == === 13 June === {{Main|June 2025 Israeli strikes on Iran}} On 13 June 2025, Israel struck the city of Tehran in a [[surprise attack]], heavily damaging nuclear site and civilians. Israel said the attack was to stop [[Nuclear program of Iran|Iran's nuclear program]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-16|title=What we know as Israel-Iran conflict intensifies|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cdj9vj8glg2o|access-date=2025-06-18|website=www.bbc.com|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Goldberg|first=Ori|title=The real reason Israel attacked Iran|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2025/6/15/the-real-reason-israel-attacked-iran|access-date=2025-06-18|website=Al Jazeera|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Israel strikes Iran. What happens next?|url=https://www.brookings.edu/articles/israel-strikes-iran-what-happens-next/|access-date=2025-06-18|website=Brookings|language=en-US}}</ref> === 14 June === === 15 June === === 16 June === === 17 June === === 18 June === === 19 June === On 19 June, Iran struck a hospital in southern Israel as Israel struck nuclear sites in Iran, causing sereve damages.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Iranian missile strikes hit Israeli hospital – DW – 06/19/2025|url=https://www.dw.com/en/iranian-missile-strikes-hit-israeli-hospital/live-72967009|access-date=2025-06-19|website=dw.com|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|title=The Latest: Israel threatens Iran's supreme leader as Iranian strikes wound over 200|work=[[Associated Press]]|url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-iran-war-latest-06-19-2025-14b868f4514a7c337d5b9859de130bf0}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Cheeseman|first=Abbie|last2=Viser|first2=Matt|last3=staff|first3=Washington Post|last4=Bisset|first4=Victoria|last5=Verde|first5=Amaya|last6=Valiño|first6=Álvaro|last7=Kirkpatrick|first7=N.|date=2025-06-19|title=Live updates: Israel to intensify strikes on Iran after key hospital is hit|language=en-US|work=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/06/19/israel-iran-strikes-live-us-trump/|access-date=2025-06-19|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jamal|first=Alastair McCready,Stephen Quillen,Urooba|title=Israel threatens to ‘eliminate’ Khamenei after Iranian missile strike|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2025/6/19/live-israel-attacks-iran-security-agency-trump-mulls-joining-conflict|access-date=2025-06-19|website=Al Jazeera|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Cornwell|first=Alexander|last2=Hafezi|first2=Parisa|last3=Elimam|first3=Ahmed|last4=Ramadan|first4=Tala|last5=Cornwell|first5=Alexander|date=2025-06-19|title=Israel hits nuclear sites, Iran strikes hospital as war escalates|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iran-israel-trade-fresh-air-attacks-trump-weighs-us-involvement-2025-06-19/|access-date=2025-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Rasgon|first=Adam|last2=Livni|first2=Ephrat|last3=Sanger|first3=David E.|date=2025-06-18|title=Israel Says Iranian Missile Strikes Major Hospital|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2025/06/19/world/iran-israel-trump-news|access-date=2025-06-19|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Israel vows to intensify after Iran's attack and calls for an assassination on Iranian Supreme Leader [[Ali Khamenei]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite news|last=Rasgon|first=Adam|last2=Sanger|first2=David E.|last3=Odenheimer|first3=Natan|last4=Tankersley|first4=Jim|date=2025-06-19|title=Israel Vows to Intensify Attacks After Iranian Missile Hits Hospital: Live Updates|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2025/06/19/world/iran-israel-trump-news|access-date=2025-06-19|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> === 20 June === Several missiles sent by Iran damaged [[Microsoft]] office in Israel, injuries had been reported.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Adler|first=Nils|title=Iran missiles strike Israel as foreign minister meets European officials|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2025/6/20/live-iran-israel-continue-missile-fire-irans-fm-to-meet-eu-counterparts|access-date=2025-06-20|website=Al Jazeera|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite news|date=2025-06-20|title=Fire erupts near Microsoft office in Israel's Beer Sheva, CNN reports|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/fire-erupts-near-microsoft-office-israels-beer-sheva-cnn-reports-2025-06-20/|access-date=2025-06-20}}</ref> A rail station in Israel was closed after that.<ref name=":6" /> Iran then fired other 25 missiles, two people in [[Haifa]], especially a teenager boy was injured by shrapnel and others had minor injuries.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Some 25 missiles launched in latest Iranian barrage, IDF says|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/some-25-missiles-launched-in-latest-iranian-barrage-idf-says/|access-date=2025-06-20|website=www.timesofisrael.com|language=en-US}}</ref> In Tehran, people protested to oppose Israel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Watch: Iranians Protest Against Israel in Tehran|url=https://www.wsj.com/video/watch-iranians-protest-against-israel-in-tehran/B8521A89-B16F-47F4-8507-674C2A4F7377|access-date=2025-06-21|website=WSJ|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-20|title=Thousands protest in Tehran and the region against Israel|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250620-thousands-protest-in-tehran-and-the-region-against-israel|access-date=2025-06-21|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=AFP and ToI Staff|title=Thousands protest in Tehran and the region against Israel’s war on Iran|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/thousands-protest-in-tehran-and-the-region-against-israels-war-on-iran/|access-date=2025-06-21|website=www.timesofisrael.com|language=en-US}}</ref> During the war, a 5.1 [[Magnitude (geology)|magnitude]] [[earthquake]] hits northern Iran, causing significant damages.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2025-06-21|title=Iran earthquake: A 5.2 magnitude earthquake hits Semnan, Iran, amid rising tensions with Israel|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/us/iran-earthquake-a-5-1-magnitude-earthquake-hits-semnan-iran-amid-rising-tensions-with-israel/articleshow/121982506.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2025-06-21|issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Davis|first=William B.|last2=Dong|first2=Madison|last3=Jones|first3=Judson|last4=Keefe|first4=John|last5=Lee|first5=Joey K.|last6=Malsky|first6=Bea|date=2025-06-20|title=Map: 5.1-Magnitude Earthquake Strikes Iran|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/06/20/world/middleeast/earthquake-iran-tracker.html|access-date=2025-06-21|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=AFP|title=5.1-magnitude quake rattles northern Iran amid Israel war|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/5-1-magnitude-quake-rattles-northern-iran-amid-israel-war/|access-date=2025-06-21|website=www.timesofisrael.com|language=en-US}}</ref> === 21 June === After Iran launched numerous missiles, fires broke out in Tel Aviv and [[Holon]].<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|last=Siddiqui|first=Urooba Jamal,Usaid|title=Israel targets Isfahan site; Iran warns ‘dangerous’ if US joins attacks|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2025/6/21/live-iran-says-still-open-to-diplomacy-israel-vows-continued-attacks|access-date=2025-06-21|website=Al Jazeera|language=en}}</ref> Also in the day an Israeli aircraft struck a residential building, killing a teenager.<ref name=":7" /> Explosions were heard in the skies of Tehran, Najafabad, Malard, and [[Isfahan]].<ref name=":7" /> === 22 June === {{main|United States strikes on Iranian nuclear sites}} [[File:President Donald Trump Delivers Address to the Nation, June 21, 2025.webm|thumb|Donald Trump addresses the attacks on Iran.]] On 22 June, the United States officially joined the war with Israel against Iran and sent [[B-2 bombers]] to strike three Iranian nuclear sites, including [[Fordow]], [[Natanz]], and Isfahan ordered by President Trump.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|date=2025-06-22|title=U.S. attacks three Iranian nuclear sites, Trump says: Live updates|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/world/middle-east/live-blog/israel-iran-conflict-rcna214241?cid=eml_nbn_20250621&user_email=5de9156df5f6932967e6c1a85c883374046e624bc0ac7b08843e1f191d07561b&utm_campaign=breakingnews&%243p=e_sailthru&_branch_match_id=1307410011940300677&utm_medium=Email%20Sailthru&_branch_referrer=H4|access-date=2025-06-22|website=NBC News|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite news|last=Nagourney|first=Eric|last2=Haberman|first2=Maggie|date=2025-06-21|title=U.S. Enters War With Iran, Bombing Key Nuclear Sites: Live Updates|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2025/06/21/world/iran-israel-trump|access-date=2025-06-22|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite web|last=Saltman|first=Eve Brennan, Sophie Tanno, Pauline Lockwood, Adrienne Vogt, Tori B. Powell, Matt Meyer, Max|date=2025-06-21|title=Live updates: Trump announces air strikes on nuclear sites in Iran as conflict enters second week|url=https://www.cnn.com/world/live-news/israel-iran-conflict-06-21-25-intl-hnk|access-date=2025-06-22|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-21|title=US has struck 3 Iranian nuclear sites, Trump says, joining Israeli air campaign|url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-iran-war-nuclear-talks-geneva-news-06-21-2025-a7b0cdaba28b5817467ccf712d214579|access-date=2025-06-22|website=AP News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Wilkie|first=Kevin Breuninger,Christina|date=2025-06-22|title=Trump says U.S. attacked three Iran nuclear sites|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/06/21/trump-israel-iran-conflict.html|access-date=2025-06-22|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> Trump claims 1 site has been destroyed by the strikes.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|last=Mogul|first=Jessie Yeung, Rhea|date=2025-06-22|title=Live updates: Iran warns US strikes will have ‘everlasting consequences’ as Trump says nuclear sites ‘obliterated’|url=https://www.cnn.com/world/live-news/israel-iran-conflict-06-22-25-intl-hnk|access-date=2025-06-22|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref> Iran says the United States will face consequences after the attacks<ref name=":11" /> and called the US strikes "a violation of [[international law]]".<ref>{{Cite web|title=‘Everlasting consequences’: World reacts to US attacks on Iran|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/6/22/everlasting-consequences-world-reacts-to-us-attacks-on-iran|access-date=2025-06-22|website=Al Jazeera|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-22|title=U.S. bombs three Iran nuclear sites as Trump escalates Iran-Israel conflict: Live updates|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/world/middle-east/live-blog/israel-iran-conflict-rcna214241|access-date=2025-06-22|website=www.nbcnews.com|language=en}}</ref> After the strikes, the Houthis said that it had cancelled the [[ceasefire]] that made with the US in May.<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":14" /> Iran launched 27 missiles at Israel with 11 sites being hit from the northern to the central coastal areas of Israel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IDF says Haifa impact likely caused by misfired interceptor|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-says-haifa-impact-likely-caused-by-misfired-interceptor/|access-date=2025-06-22|website=www.timesofisrael.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web|last=Milisic|first=Stephen Quillen,Usaid Siddiqui,Alma|title=US BOMBS IRAN NUCLEAR SITES; IRAN FIRES MISSILES AT ISRAEL|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2025/6/22/live-us-joins-israels-attacks-on-iran-bombs-three-nuclear-sites|access-date=2025-06-22|website=Al Jazeera|language=en}}</ref> Damages were reported in Tel Aviv and Haifa as tens of people were injured but some had minor.<ref name="86 people">{{Cite web|title=Health Ministry says 86 people treated for injuries after strikes, 2 moderately hurt|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/health-ministry-says-86-people-treated-for-injuries-after-strikes-2-moderately-hurt/|access-date=2025-06-22|website=www.timesofisrael.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Many facilities hit including the [[Ben Gurion Airport]] according to Iran.<ref>{{Cite web|last=AP|title=Iran claims it fired largest missile yet, with 1,500-kilogram warhead, in latest barrage|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/iran-claims-it-fired-largest-missile-yet-with-1500-kilogram-warhead-in-latest-barrage/|access-date=2025-06-22|website=www.timesofisrael.com|language=en-US}}</ref> The IDF said that 20 warplanes dropped 30 munitions against targets like ballistic missile sites and radars in [[Kermanshah]] and [[Hamadan]], and an air defense system in the center of Tehran.<ref name="Israel presses airstrikes across Iran as US attacks bring battle to ‘turning point’">{{Cite web|last=Fabian|first=Emanuel|last2=Agencies|last3=Staff|first3=ToI|title=Israel presses airstrikes across Iran as US attacks bring battle to ‘turning point’|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-presses-airstrikes-across-iran-as-us-attacks-bring-battle-to-turning-point/|access-date=2025-06-23|website=www.timesofisrael.com|language=en-US}}</ref> === 23 June === Israel struck six airfields from western to central regions of Iran, targeting many facilities and properties. It destroyed 15 Iranian fighter jets and helicopters. Israel also targeted missile launchers and storage facilities in the city of [[Kermanshah]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-23|title=Israel hits Iran’s Evin prison, says strikes on Tehran are biggest yet|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2025/06/23/israel-says-missiles-launched-from-iran-|access-date=2025-06-23|website=Al Arabiya English|language=en}}</ref> Iran shot down a [[Hermes 900]] drone in [[Khorramabad]].<ref name="Israel presses airstrikes across Iran as US attacks bring battle to ‘turning point’" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Ynet|date=2025-06-23|title=Israel reportedly strikes Iran's Fordow nuclear facility; Iran fires missiles across Israel|language=en|work=Ynetnews|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/r1mbbulnex|access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref> Iran launched 15 missiles toward Israel in several cities.<ref>{{Citation|title='weak' teacher by the end of his teaching practice, was described by the observer as 'injured caring': teacher spoke with a soft voice which he didn't raise at all. Phrases like 'pay attention' are said apologetically Teachers' Manner During First Lessons There were some quite notable differences in manner of the three groups as revealed by the summary of rating scales in Table 3.1. The five-point scales were based largely on what were regarded as import-ant characteristics in our own earlier studies, but were also influenced by the work of Ryans (1960) and others. Table 3.1. shows the means of the three groups, and in each case the higher the score the more positively the members of the group were rated on what character-istic or behaviour. The range of possible mean scores, therefore, is from 1, if all were given the lowest rating, to 5 if everyone were accorded the highest possible point on the scale. We have not given analysis of variance or gap-test values, preferring, because of the sample size, to consider the raw data to see similarities and differences. Rank order in parentheses.|date=2006-08-21|url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203135983-41|work=Classroom Teaching Skills|pages=75–76|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-203-13598-3|access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref> Explosions were caught in Jerusalem, many sirens were activated for 30 minutes.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fabian|first=Emanuel|title=IDF: Sunday’s Haifa impact was not a failed interceptor, but undetected Iranian missile|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-says-sundays-haifa-impact-not-failed-interceptor-but-undetected-iranian-missile/|access-date=2025-06-23|website=www.timesofisrael.com|language=en-US}}</ref> IDF said that most missiles were shot down by air defenses. Iranian missile hit a public square in Haifa, 3 victims had minor injured.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sullivan|first=Usaid Siddiqui,Stephen Quillen,Rory|title=Iranian missiles slam into Israel as huge explosions rock Tehran|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2025/6/23/live-iran-vows-to-respond-to-us-attacks-trump-hints-at-regime-change|access-date=2025-06-23|website=Al Jazeera|language=en}}</ref> Around 50 Israeli warplanes struck Tehran. It targeted locations like military command centers and [[infrastructure]]. Estimations shown that hundreds of IRGC fighters were killed.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fabian|first=Emanuel|last2=Staff|first2=ToI|last3=Agencies|title=In Tehran, IDF strikes IRGC sites, gate of Evin Prison, ‘Destruction of Israel’ clock|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/in-tehran-idf-strikes-irgc-sites-gate-of-evin-prison-destruction-of-israel-clock/|access-date=2025-06-24|website=www.timesofisrael.com|language=en-US}}</ref> The same day US President Trump announces that both Iran and Israel have agreed to a [[ceasefire]]<ref name=":15" /> but Iran said no deals were made.<ref name=":16">{{Cite web|last=Neelakandan|first=Victor Loh,Dan Mangan,Kevin Breuninger,Erin Doherty,Christina Wilkie,Laya|date=2025-06-23|title=Israel-Iran war live: Trump says ceasefire is now in effect amid confusion over timeline of agreement|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/06/23/iran-qatar-iraq-attacks-us-israel.html|access-date=2025-06-24|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> ==== Iranian strikes on Al Udeid Air Base ==== {{Main|2025 Iranian strikes on Al Udeid Air Base}} On 23 June 2025, at approximately 19:39 ([[Arabia Standard Time]]), Iran struck the military base [[Al Udeid Air Base]] in [[Qatar]] in response of US' attacks on Iranian nuclear sites the day before. It was the second time Iran struck a US military site since 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2025-06-23|title=Axios: Iran launches six missiles toward US bases in Qatar|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/axios-iran-launches-six-missiles-toward-us-bases-qatar-2025-06-23/|access-date=2025-06-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Iran retaliates, fires missiles at US bases in Qatar, Iraq - AL-Monitor: The Middle Eastʼs leading independent news source since 2012|url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2025/06/iran-retaliates-fires-missiles-us-bases-qatar-iraq|access-date=2025-06-24|website=www.al-monitor.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Iran launches Ops 'Glad Tidings of Victory' against US: Tehran fires missiles at US base in Qatar, explosions heard in Doha|url=https://www.wionews.com/world/iran-launches-ops-glad-tidings-of-victory-against-us-tehran-fires-missiles-at-us-base-in-qatar-explosions-heard-in-doha-1750697514731|access-date=2025-06-24|website=Wion|language=en}}</ref> === 24 June === Both Iran and Israel said they have agreed to a ceasefire made by President Trump. Still, Iran launched 20 missiles to Israel in 6 barrages, 4 people died in [[Beer Sheba|Beersheba]] and most buildings were heavily damaged.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fabian|first=Emanuel|last2=Agencies|title=4 killed in Beersheba as Iran fires multiple missile salvos just before agreed-upon ceasefire|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/4-killed-in-beersheba-as-iran-fires-multiple-missile-salvos-just-before-ceasefire/|access-date=2025-06-24|website=www.timesofisrael.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Israel said Iran has violated the ceasefire and continuing striking Iran. Trump threatens Israel if they break the agreement.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Trump warns Israel: 'Do not drop those bombs' amid ceasefire breach reports|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/trump-warns-israel-do-not-drop-those-bombs-amid-ceasefire-breach-reports|access-date=2025-06-24|website=Middle East Eye|language=en}}</ref> Ultimately, both countries have violated the ceasefire<ref name=":17" /> until 25 June when both have officially agreed to a ceasefire.<ref name=":18" /> == Reactions == {{Main|June 2025 Israeli strikes on Iran#Reactions}}Countries like [[China]], [[Russia]], the [[United Kingdom]], and [[France]] had told both to de-escalating the situation, also attempting to return their citizens to go to their homeland for safety.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Peled|first=Summer Said, Benoit Faucon and Anat|title=Exclusive {{!}} A Battered Iran Signals It Wants to De-Escalate Hostilities With Israel and Negotiate|url=https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/a-battered-iran-signals-it-wants-to-de-escalate-hostilities-with-israel-and-negotiate-9feab4ae|access-date=2025-06-19|website=WSJ|language=en-US}}</ref> === Israel === Israel has called for an assassination on Iran's Supreme Leader [[Ali Khamenei]], especially after many Iranian strikes over Tel Aviv, Jerusa<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> he Israeli government has also compared the Iranian government to [[Nazism|Nazi]] regime as [[Israeli Prime Minister]] [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] compared Khamenei to "modern [[Hitler]]".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Crane|first=Emily|date=2025-06-19|title=Israeli defense minister says Iran’s Supreme Leader Khamenei is ‘modern Hitler, should no longer continue to exist’|url=https://nypost.com/2025/06/19/world-news/israeli-defense-minister-says-irans-supreme-leader-khamenei-is-modern-hitler-cannot-continue-to-exist/|access-date=2025-06-19|language=en-US}}</ref> === Iran === Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei has repeatedly called for a "total destruction" for Israel and said that Israel has violated [[international law]]. Iran has also rejected US President Trump's proposal over an unconditional surrender and threatens the US if they dare to step in the war.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-18|title=Iran's leader rejects calls to surrender and warns that intervention would harm the US|url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-iran-missile-attacks-nuclear-news-tehran-trump-06-18-2025-c6c90028dc340e2716724412fcec2cf0|access-date=2025-06-20|website=AP News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Wilde|first=-Winston|date=2025-06-18|title=Iran rejects Trump's calls for surrender amid Israel's ongoing bombardment|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/iran-rejects-trumps-calls-for-surrender-amid-israels-ongoing-bombardment|access-date=2025-06-20|website=PBS News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Bigg|first=Matthew Mpoke|last2=Odenheimer|first2=Natan|last3=Levenson|first3=Michael|date=2025-06-18|title=Iran Rejects Trump’s Call for ‘Surrender’ in War With Israel|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/18/world/middleeast/israel-iran-war-us.html|access-date=2025-06-20|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> === United States === ==== Donald Trump ==== [[US President]] [[Donald Trump]] has supported Israel's attacks on Iran and said Iran should not have nuclear weapons.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|last=Swan|first=Jonathan|last2=Haberman|first2=Maggie|last3=Mazzetti|first3=Mark|last4=Bergman|first4=Ronen|date=2025-06-17|title=How Trump Shifted on Iran Under Pressure From Israel|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/17/us/politics/trump-iran-israel-nuclear-talks.html|access-date=2025-06-20|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Moyer|first=Elsa Ohlen{{!}}Liz|title=Trump Says He Doesn’t Want Iran to Have Nukes, Isn’t Looking for a Ceasefire|url=https://www.barrons.com/articles/iran-israel-trump-war-news-338dc7f3|access-date=2025-06-20|website=barrons|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-17|title=Trump says he wants "real end" to Iran's nuclear program, not just an Iran-Israel ceasefire - CBS News|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-real-end-iran-nuclear-program/|access-date=2025-06-20|website=www.cbsnews.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Trump said that he knew where Khamenei hides and is considering sending troops to the Middle East.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|last=Holland|first=Steve|date=2025-06-15|title=Trump vetoed Israeli plan to kill Iran's supreme leader, US officials say|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/trump-vetoed-an-israeli-plan-kill-irans-supreme-leader-us-officials-say-2025-06-15/|access-date=2025-06-20}}</ref> Trump claimed he has "controlled Tehran's skies" and called for an unconditional surrender for Iran, which Iran later rejected.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-17|title=Trump's claim about "control of the skies over Iran" raises questions about U.S. involvement in conflict - CBS News|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-claims-complete-control-iran-skies/|access-date=2025-06-20|website=www.cbsnews.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Trump refuses Israel's plans to kill Khamenei.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-15|title=Trump vetoed Israeli plan to kill Iran's supreme leader, US official tells AP|url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-iran-israel-attack-43e3b1ce47d12477ae4533c941386b75|access-date=2025-06-20|website=AP News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-16|title=Trump opposed Israeli plan to kill Iran's supreme leader, CBS News sources say - CBS News|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-netanyahu-rejected-israeli-plan-kill-iran-ayatollah-ali-khamenei-sources/|access-date=2025-06-20|website=www.cbsnews.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-15|title=Trump vetoed Israeli proposal to assassinate Iran’s supreme leader|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/world/middle-east/live-blog/iran-israel-attacks-live-updates-rcna213113|access-date=2025-06-20|website=www.nbcnews.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Treene|first=Kevin Liptak, Kristen Holmes, Betsy Klein, Kylie Atwood, Alayna|date=2025-06-15|title=Trump rejects Israeli plan to kill Iranian supreme leader, US officials say {{!}} CNN Politics|url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/06/15/politics/us-military-trump-israel-iran|access-date=2025-06-20|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref> Many [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] individuals and congressmen are divided over Trump's decision.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Luscombe|first=Richard|date=2025-06-18|title=Most Trump supporters want to keep US military out of Israel-Iran conflict, poll finds|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jun/18/trump-republicans-iran-conflict|access-date=2025-06-20|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Tait|first=Robert|date=2025-06-18|title=Trump’s saber-rattling over Iran threatens to split his Maga base|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jun/18/trump-iran-israel-maga-policy|access-date=2025-06-20|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Hargy|first=Richard|date=2025-06-19|title=Iran air strikes: Republicans split over support for Trump and another ‘foreign war’|url=http://theconversation.com/iran-air-strikes-republicans-split-over-support-for-trump-and-another-foreign-war-259314|access-date=2025-06-20|website=The Conversation|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Bidgood|first=Jess|date=2025-06-18|title=Trump’s Base in Uproar Over His Openness to Joining Iran Fight|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/18/us/politics/trump-maga-base-iran-israel.html|access-date=2025-06-20|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Related pages == * [[Iranian consulate airstrike in Damascus]] * [[April 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel]] * [[October 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel]] * [[June 2025 Israeli strikes on Iran]] == Notes == {{Notelist}} == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * {{Commons category-inline}} {{Iran–Israel proxy conflict}} {{Israeli wars}} {{Middle East conflicts}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:June 2025 events]] [[Category:2020s in Iran]] [[Category:2020s in Israel]] [[Category:History of the Middle East]] [[Category:History of the Middle East by country]] [[Category:Wars involving Israel]] [[Category:Benjamin Netanyahu]] 3wplv1cor6v7g7dtwbxc3x3xooy3wpf 0 1197728 10368909 10351719 2025-07-03T03:59:02Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uncategorized|date=July 2025}} {{Infobox musical artist | Name = The Voodoo Child Band | Img = [[File:The Voodoo Child.jpg|center|frameless|300px]] | Img_capt = From left to right: Romina Apostol, Teodor Cușnir, Robert Ciubotaru, Andrei Cerbu | Img_size = | Landscape = | Background = group_or_band | Years_active = 2018-present | Genre = [[Alternative rock]], [[Heavy metal]], [[Hard rock]], [[Progressive rock]], [[Blues rock]] | Origin = [[Iași]], [[România]] | Associated_acts = | Label = | Current_members = Andrei Cerbu<br/ >Robert Ciubotaru<br />Teodor Cușnir<br/ >Romina Apostol | Past_members = Alexandra Dodoi<br/>George Pintilii<br />Sergiu Teclici<br/>Ana Maria Cojocaru | URL = https://thevoodoochildband.com | alt = The Voodoo Child band group photo }} '''The Voodoo Child''' is a rock band formed in [[Iași]] 2018 by lead guitarist Andrei Cerbu, bassist Robert Ciubotaru and drummer Teodor Cușnir. == History == The Voodoo Child band was formed in 2018 by guitarist Andrei Cerbu, bassist Robert Ciubotaru and drummer Teodor Cușnir. Andrei Cerbu, the band's guitarist, is known from the TV show "Romanii Au Talent", who later performed with Phoenix. Later, the band started playing blues-rock with vocalist Alexandra Dodoi and played at all the major blues-rock festivals in Romania between 2018 and 2020. They released their first album called "Some Kind Of Blues" and then went on a tour throughout Romania to promote it. They won "The Best Newcomer of The Year" in 2018, and in 2019 they won "Confirmarea anului", an award offered by the Muzza foundation. They also had an international tour that was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic In 2021, Romina Apostol, aka Rockmina, became the new soloist of the band and they started performing in this formula. Romina Apostol, aka Rockmina, is known from the TV Show “Superstar Romania” 2021, where she finished in 3rd place. During the pandemic, they started working on their second studio album and released several singles on YouTube and all digital platforms. Rockmina participated in Superstar Romania in 2021, where she won third place. On 19 May 2033, two days prior to the start of their North American tour, The Voodoo Child announced their new six-piece line-up, with Sandu Andrei on guitar and Radu Andrei on keyboards, synth and piano. The band combines songs from the 2 albums The Voodoo Child with some very successful covers and give maximum energy to the shows. The Voodoo Child concerts are not to be missed! ==Members== ===Current members=== *Andrei Cerbu - lead guitar, lead and backing vocals *Romina Apostol - lead vocals *Teodor Cușnir - drums, percussion *Robert Ciubotaru - bass, backing vocals ===Former members=== *Alexandra Dodoi - lead vocals (2018-2020) *Sergiu Teclici - rhythm guitar (2021-2022) == Discography == *Some Kind Of Blues (2019) *From The Dark (2023) == Other websites == * [https://thevoodoochildband.com Official website] * [https://www.youtube.com/@TheVoodooChildBand YouTube channel] * [https://www.instagram.com/the.voodoo.child.band Instagram] * [https://www.facebook.com/TheVoodooChildBand Facebook] * [https://open.spotify.com/artist/5JwsBN4n4aaawWAA94dgIG?si=lhuM7aMVS86cXZs7lbfj7Q&nd=1&dlsi=d659abdc0c284041 Spotify] 7bnfpkmbqtcy5qti3e19wfpwylcnj5a 4 1197958 10368915 10366970 2025-07-03T04:00:57Z Bot873 764901 Bot: Archiving 2 threads from [[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard]] 10368915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talk archive}} == [[:Category:Wikipedia protected edit requests]] == Hi, there are a few requests in this category which haven't been dealt with in a long time, could an admin please look through? [[User:Matrix|Matrix]] ([[User talk:Matrix|talk]]) 10:40, 3 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Matrix|Matrix]]: Someone must have taken care of them because the category is empty now. Thanks for the nudge. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 21:13, 3 June 2025 (UTC) ::BRPever took care of it. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 21:14, 3 June 2025 (UTC) {{resolved|1=[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 21:14, 3 June 2025 (UTC)}} == Mia9542 == Regarding {{User5|Mia9542}}... The above user is blocked at English Wikipedia via a checkuser block. The checkuser who performed the block did not name the connected account nor is there an SPI; that checkuser (Ponyo) is currently on vacation so I can't ask her what's up to determine if there's a connected Simple blocked user. Does anyone recognize a pattern with this user that matches anyone who's blocked here at Simple? ''I'm not asking for a checkuser fishing expedition here; just looking to see if their edit pattern matches anyone other users are familiar with.'' Long story short, they've made dozens of translated stub articles that are generally orphaned and generally not showing notability, and I'd rather not sift through each one if we can consider a nuke option for G5 purposes. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:07, 3 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]]: I can't speak to the checkuser issue, but I have left another message telling the user that the articles they created don't have enough info and don't show notability. If it continues, we can escalate that to the point of blocking and nuking. :Maybe one of the other enwiki checkusers could give us more information. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 21:24, 3 June 2025 (UTC) == Edit warring on caste pages == For some time now I have been acting as mediator on various POV edit wars going on to the Caste based pages. As such I have now made it a requirement that any new additions to these pages must first get consensus on the relevant talk page prior to any edits going libe. I have warned the editors that directly editing without consensus will result in either an out right block or else a topic ban. Just FYI. Thx '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 11:54, 7 June 2025 (UTC) == Baldi's Basics == Hello. I can't revert the vandalism on [[Baldi's Basics]] as the edit filter is blocking the URL kickstarter[.]com (it was in the page originally). Could someone please take a look? Thanks -[[User:OXYLYPSE|OXYLYPSE]] ([[User talk:OXYLYPSE|talk]]) 14:46, 8 June 2025 (UTC) :{{done}} '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 14:49, 8 June 2025 (UTC) == These categories need to be merged somehow == * [[:Category:Wikimedians banned by the WMF]], which doesn't exist, but includes three pages. * [[:Category:Wikipedians banned by the Wikimedia Foundation]]. [[Special:Contributions/2607:F140:6000:8032:7CD9:9D9F:1917:7739|2607:F140:6000:8032:7CD9:9D9F:1917:7739]] ([[User talk:2607:F140:6000:8032:7CD9:9D9F:1917:7739|talk]]) 21:12, 8 June 2025 (UTC) :{{done}} I made the Wiki'''m'''edians one a redirect. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 21:30, 8 June 2025 (UTC) == [[WP:REVDEL|RevDel]] == Not 100% sure but I think this is something you are supposed to RevDel. [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fred_Rogers&oldid=10142685] (Sorry if this isn't the right place to report this) [[User:Ieditrandomarticles|<span style="font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;text-shadow:1px 1px 2px #999;">Ieditrandomarticles</span>]] ([[User talk:Ieditrandomarticles|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Ieditrandomarticles|contribs]]) 04:00, 9 June 2025 (UTC) == QD deletion request == Hi, Could someone delete [[Mexico Countryballs]] as an IP keeps removing the qd, Page is a hoax, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 18:41, 9 June 2025 (UTC) :Done.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 19:03, 9 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks BRP much appreciated –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 20:42, 9 June 2025 (UTC) == Abuse filter (in regard to something 'beyond copying over, one bad-fourLetter-word)? == Today, i copied from en-wiki (from a disambig page), and pasted large parts of it, to sandbox (and attribution got done also).<br> <br> I seem to remember that when i did Preview (before publishing), then there was no warning about 'bad edit etc'.<br> <br> At the end of this post, 'a diff' is mentioned.--Some time around 8 AM, i removed <br> "[... one '''four-letter''' word] for Forest, an environmental group that raises money through the production of pornography".<br> <br> If the use of Sandbox was problematic (beyond copying a 'four-letter bad word',from an en-wiki disambig), then i do not understand '''why'''.<br> <br> Edit comment for the two diffs 'that seem to have set off (automated) alarms':<br> *08:02, 9 June 2025: 2001:2020:309:cbe7:a13e:f8c5:22fd:4b0b (talk) triggered an abuse filter, performing the action "edit" on Wikipedia:Sandbox. Actions taken: '''none'''; Filter description: Abuse of sandbox (diff) *08:00, 9 June 2025: 2001:2020:309:cbe7:a13e:f8c5:22fd:4b0b (talk) triggered an abuse filter, performing the action "edit" on Wikipedia:Sandbox. Actions taken: '''Warn'''; Filter description: Abuse of sandbox. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:309:CBE7:B93D:391D:6372:A173|2001:2020:309:CBE7:B93D:391D:6372:A173]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:309:CBE7:B93D:391D:6372:A173|talk]]) 21:49, 9 June 2025 (UTC) :Furthermore, my later edits at Sandbox, did not 'set of alarms', to my knowledge. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:309:CBE7:B93D:391D:6372:A173|2001:2020:309:CBE7:B93D:391D:6372:A173]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:309:CBE7:B93D:391D:6372:A173|talk]]) 21:53, 9 June 2025 (UTC) ::User has been blocked for two weeks for general disruption. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:52, 11 June 2025 (UTC) == New block interface? == I went to block an IP earlier and upon clicking the block link was taken to a new "Manage blocks" page with what I can only assume is a new interface for blocking people. It has new options on it too. Is this the same for everyone else or is it just me? Thanks, '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:49, 11 June 2025 (UTC) :Same for me it seems, and across all projects.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 02:06, 11 June 2025 (UTC) ::Would have been nice to get a heads up. It seems the devs these days are just rolling out changes as they please. I do like the table that shows up after you block someone. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 02:11, 11 June 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]]: Could it perhaps have been mentioned in the tech newsletter? I don't always keep up with that, so I don't know if it was there. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 02:12, 11 June 2025 (UTC) ::::Don't know, I never read it. I guess it's not a big deal as it's easy to figure out, it was just a surprise. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 02:15, 11 June 2025 (UTC) :::::There were mentions in the tech news but I was caught by surprise as well.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 02:16, 11 June 2025 (UTC) :::::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] There is a further read at [[meta:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks]] if you are interested. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 02:23, 11 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::Thanks for the link '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 02:48, 11 June 2025 (UTC) :Me, too. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 02:12, 11 June 2025 (UTC) == Mark Speight == Can you protect [[Mark Speight]]? There's a lot of vandlalism. [[Special:Contributions/2607:F140:6000:8072:50FD:3C0A:40FC:5D51|2607:F140:6000:8072:50FD:3C0A:40FC:5D51]] ([[User talk:2607:F140:6000:8072:50FD:3C0A:40FC:5D51|talk]]) 17:57, 3 June 2025 (UTC) :There has been vandalism, but it doesn't reach the threshold of being too much to keep up with so it doesn't need protection at this time. Thanks to {{u|Barras}} for reverting today's vandalism. I'll add the page to my watchlist. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 21:15, 3 June 2025 (UTC) Vandalism has resumed again at [[Mark Speight]]. Can we consider a protection for a bit? Since April, there have been 344 edits to the article, and I don't see any that aren't vandalism or someone reverting vandalism. The En. article is protected until December, and it appears that the IP users have just moved here instead. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 16:08, 11 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]]: Done for a month. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 19:35, 11 June 2025 (UTC) == Block review for 2001:2020:309:CBE7::/64 == The IP range [[Special:Contribs/2001:2020:309:CBE7::/64|2001:2020:309:CBE7::/64]] was blocked on June 1 for one week and on June 11 for two weeks, both by Fr33kman. I do not believe the reason for blocking was good enough, and at least an admin should have explained the problem to them on their talk page. In the section above titled [[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard#Disruptive IP|Disruptive IP]], Steven1991 said linked to a number of edits on the sandbox, which I assume were caught by the abuse filter. The fact that they were logged by the abuse filter does itself make them vandalism, as some were tagged due to containing swear words, such as the mention of an organization called "Fuck for Forest" which was mentioned by the IP range themself in the discussion above labeled [[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard#Abuse filter (in regard to something 'beyond copying over, one bad-fourLetter-word)?|Abuse filter (in regard to something 'beyond copying over, one bad-fourLetter-word)?]]. In some cases, it appears the problem was that other editors did not understand this IP's comments, not that they were vandalism. For example, the discussion on Simple Talk labeled [[Wikipedia:Simple talk#Vandalism? (jocularity in infobox?)|Vandalism? (jocularity in infobox?)]] in which the IP range linked specifically to an edit to [[June 2025 Los Angeles protests]] in which someone else had added "Crips, Bloods and other local gang members" to the infobox. However Steven1991 again accused them of vandalism there, which was not the case. I hope other admins can look into this situation and either unblock or tell the IP user on their talk page what they should do to avoid being blocked in the future. [[Special:Contributions/75.238.96.221|75.238.96.221]] ([[User talk:75.238.96.221|talk]]) 19:42, 11 June 2025 (UTC) :I blocked the range due to the number of trivial requests and disruptive posts on community pages. The user was asked multiple times to stop but ignored those requests. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 19:47, 11 June 2025 (UTC) :How are [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Sandbox&action=history&offset=&limit=100 these] not vandalism? The IP user misused the QD function and restored nonsensical content on at least one stable page several times. Patrolling admins had reminded the IP user repeatedly before restrictions were imposed. This alone justifies further range blocks when the IP user’s hopping back and forth with slightly different IP addresses to repeat the same disruptive operations. You are obviously not presenting the truth here. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 19:07, 12 June 2025 (UTC) == Unblock discussion for User:Immanuelle == {{atop | result = User unblocked. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 01:10, 14 June 2025 (UTC) }} ''(moved from ST)'' I am putting forth a proposal to discuss the potential unblock of user [[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]]. This person was blocked almost two years ago for creating bad pages. They are only blocked in main space and retain access to their user space to create draft articles. I have seen this user editing quite often while I've been patrolling New Changes and have delved into their edits and block history out of interest. I personally believe that whatever problems existed before do not exist now. I support unblocking their account and restoring their access to main space. I am putting this forth to the community rather than just unblocking them on my own right because of the nature and length of the block. Also they have made it pretty clean of their user page that they are too afraid to ask for an unblock themselves : hence why I am suggesting it here. Thanks, '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:43, 11 June 2025 (UTC) :Was the block in response to a community ban discussion? If not, it doesn't require a community discussion to unblock. Maybe this should be at [[WP:AN]]. :But to reply to the issue at hand, I see that the reason for the block by {{u|Operator873}} was given as "Creating bad pages: Continuing to create machine translation pages with complex language. Limit from article space for now." Before unblocking, and since Immanuelle has been working on drafts in userspace, I'd want to see some draft articles that are in good shape. I've looked at some minor things that Immanuelle asked for feedback on, but I haven't evaluated any entire draft articles, so at this point I don't know what shape they're in. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 02:10, 11 June 2025 (UTC) ::I guess we can move it to AN. I want to get opinions on it because I didn't feel comfortable just removing the block. Immanuelle has listed a few draft pages above so you can get an idea of her edits. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 02:17, 11 June 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] Don't you want to tell the user about this? [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] ^{[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]} ^{[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]} 09:02, 11 June 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] they did tell me about it. The conversation was just kind of cut off when moved from Simple Talk. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 09:18, 11 June 2025 (UTC) :::::Oh, I see. Noted [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] ^{[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]} ^{[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]} 09:21, 11 June 2025 (UTC) *@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] I'd support an unblock on condition that they take care of not publishing pages to mainspace unless the pages are ready. The block is quite old, and some of the drafts I checked looks good.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 16:33, 12 June 2025 (UTC) *I'd agree to unblock. Just checked five random pages, which are ok for article space. The articles probably need some more work, but I don't think the complex article rationale is still valid. Some sort of a mentorship or something would probably be helpful, I guess. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 16:43, 12 June 2025 (UTC) *I'd support an unblock too, I've checked their drafts and those tagged with InUse are obviously not ready for mainspace and those that aren't tagged with it are fine/are ready for mainspace. I'm not seeing any problematic edits or behaviour here, Seems the user has learned from this so yeah I'd support unblocking, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 18:20, 12 June 2025 (UTC) :Piling-on, support unblock. The user showed willingness to cooperate and improve the quality of their pages before looking to move them to mainspace, and I have no reason to suspect the issues will reappear. Plus, if (in some universe) it goes wrong, we can just re-add the block.- [[User:FusionSub|<span style="color: #0C6508">FusionSub</span>]] ([[User_talk:FusionSub|Talk page]]) ([[Special:Contributions/FusionSub|Contributions]]) 19:11, 12 June 2025 (UTC) * I gladly support this unblock. I have seen four of this user's drafts and they seem fine to me (sufficiently simplified), so there is no need for the block anymore. --[[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] ^{[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]} ^{[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]} 09:41, 13 June 2025 (UTC) {{abot}} == {{userlinks|Greghenderson2006}} == Hello. I'm an en wiki admin who wants this community to know about the edits this user, [[User:Greghenderson2006|<bdi>Greghenderson2006</bdi>]] is importing from en wiki where his sock, [[:en:User:Historyjunkie2024|User:Historyjunkie2024]], was just blocked. Here, Greg created [[Sidewalk Clock at 783 Fifth Avenue]] which Hj created on en wiki [[:en:Sidewalk Clock, 783 Fifth Avenue]] (now deleted). I'm not sure this project's prohibitions against such behavior, but flagging if it needs attention. I'll watch here but feel free to ping me on en wiki [[User:Star Mississippi|Star Mississippi]] ([[User talk:Star Mississippi|talk]]) 01:59, 13 June 2025 (UTC) :Comment, he has been blocked on Commons :[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Greghenderson2006] [[User:Star Mississippi|Star Mississippi]] ([[User talk:Star Mississippi|talk]]) 04:14, 13 June 2025 (UTC) ::I think [[WP:NOTHERE]] Dishonest behavior, like sock puppetry applies given that both of the aforementioned accounts exist here. Simple Wikipedia is not a secondary playground for someone whose been kicked out of standard English Wikipedia. [[User:Graywalls|Graywalls]] ([[User talk:Graywalls|talk]]) 04:17, 13 June 2025 (UTC) :::Thank you for the information, we will keep an eye out for any problems. At this point there is no indication of socking here. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 13:31, 14 June 2025 (UTC) ::::{{re|fr33kman}}, I believe [[WP:NOTHERE]] applies. Simple Wikipedia is intended as displaying contents similar to en.wiki in simpler English for ease of understanding. Not an alternate dumping ground for non-notable articles or advertorial junk. If you look at Greghenderson's articles created here, you'll immediately see the contents are written in difficulty level more appropriate for main en.wiki. [[User:Graywalls|Graywalls]] ([[User talk:Graywalls|talk]]) 19:44, 14 June 2025 (UTC) :::::I've QDed the article under A3 as its a complex article from another Wikipedia. Thanks for your help! '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 19:50, 14 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::{{re|fr33kman}}, generally speaking that is. You'll see he's specifically focused on people and local places, most particularly Carmel-by-the-Sea in a township in the US State of California, like [[Tirey L. Ford]], [[Pacific Improvement Company]], which appears to be meant to expand his "Carmelopedia" than to help make things simpler to understand. So, everything about [[WP:NOTHERE]] is relevant. The editor also has a history of undisclosed paid editing on numerous occasions on en.wiki. [[User:Graywalls|Graywalls]] ([[User talk:Graywalls|talk]]) 22:06, 14 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::Thanks for the information, will definitely keep a close eye on the situation. I'm also a checkuser so will keep an eye out for socks. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 22:12, 14 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Thanks @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] for your assistance and advice [[User:Star Mississippi|Star Mississippi]] ([[User talk:Star Mississippi|talk]]) 01:54, 15 June 2025 (UTC) == [[Togetic]] == {{lc|Togetic}} This article is suffering some edit warring between an IP and different users. The page has been redirected to [[List of Pokémon]] multiple times. The IP reverts that now for like a month. I'd appreciate a semi-protection and revert to the redirect. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 13:16, 14 June 2025 (UTC) :Reverted back to redirect and protected.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 13:20, 14 June 2025 (UTC) == Mass Hoax article creation by a blocked user == Two users, {{user|TheMaxChannel528-24}} ([https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AContributions&target=TheMaxChannel528-24&namespace=all&tagfilter=&newOnly=1&start=&end=&limit=500 their article creations]) and {{user|TheMaxChannel528-35}} ([https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AContributions&target=TheMaxChannel528-35&namespace=all&tagfilter=&newOnly=1&start=&end=&limit=500 their article creations]), have created a bunch of TV network articles such as [[Star Channel (Australian TV channel)]], [[FX (Japanese TV channel)]], and [[Discovery Kids (Southeast Asia)]]. They're all essentially the same issues: unsourced, unverifiable, and not on other wikis. Googling these channels is giving back these articles plus fandom wikis. I'm not finding existence for them. Each account is blocked on English and Spanish Wikipedias for socking. What's the best way to approach these accounts and articles? I'd like to avoid making massive RFDs if possible and I don't feel confident enough to declare them all hoaxes for QD purposes. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:05, 14 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] what about merging them all into articles like [[Discovery Kids]]? :They might be not on other wikis because their operations in a single country are not notable, but notable as a group. Then we can work on trimming off the unverifiable content later. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 12:18, 14 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] update both have been blocked by @[[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] so is it good to just delete all the pages as hoaxes now? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 13:07, 14 June 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] @[[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] considering that they seem to be just posting things from this site https://dreamlogos.fandom.com/wiki/NBC_(Russia) to here, and this site seems to be explicitly a hoax wiki, I think they should all be speedy deleted. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 00:07, 15 June 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] would you be able to mass delete their created pages? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 00:10, 15 June 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]]: Any admin can do a mass delete of a user's created pages if they agree it's appropriate. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:14, 15 June 2025 (UTC) :::::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] do you agree this is appropriate? You are an admin right? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 00:31, 15 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] Most of the ones I looked either are hoax or have no sources or claims for verification. Many I couldn't even find outside simplewiki, I will be mass deleting these, any other admin is free to restore them if they see value these content.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 16:43, 15 June 2025 (UTC) ::{{done}} I have left a few out that had enwiki equivalent, and few redirects that looked fine. Please check those and take them to RFD if necessary.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 17:00, 15 June 2025 (UTC) :::Thanks for sorting through this; it definitely saved a lot of work on tagging and such. I'll take a glance at things this week and follow up as appropriate. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:09, 16 June 2025 (UTC) == Unblock template == Hello, fellow admins. I updated our unblock template by importing from English Wikipedia. That fixed a problem where a user's request sometimes didn't display properly. To see the text we need to accept or decline the request, we now need to expand the "Administrator use only" section. We don't currently have the "Unblock on hold" template that section shows, but if anyone wants that template, we can import it. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 20:53, 17 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] Hi, can you point to an example of problem with the template. I would like to keep the design a bit distinct from enwiki to avoid people confusing us with en, so I am wondering if it can be updated and fixed instead.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 21:26, 17 June 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:BRPever|BRPever]]: Sure. I put the previous code in the sandbox, and here's an example. :: ************BEGINNING OF EXAMPLE**************** ::{{unblock/sandbox|I'm sorry --[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]])}} :: ************END OF EXAMPLE**************** ::You can see that blue background shows up only as a thin horizontal box, and the actual request isn't inside of it as it should be. I've seen this off and on before. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 21:47, 17 June 2025 (UTC) :::{{ping|Auntof6}} It appears that the issue was because of two special characters <code>::</code> used at the start. I think It's fixed after I added a line at the start.--[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 23:40, 17 June 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:BRPever|BRPever]]: Cool. If you're waiting for my approval before implementing, go ahead. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 23:49, 17 June 2025 (UTC) :::::Thanks, we have gone back to the plain old template now. Please let me know if you see it causing any error. Thanks,-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 23:55, 17 June 2025 (UTC) == Delete and block request == Hi, Could someone delete [[Pat And Patty]] please as an IP keeps recreating it, and could the following IP be rangeblocked please as they've been doing this for a few days on a new IP, *{{vandal|2405:201:a016:c832:a464:2744:707c:3b1f}} Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 17:34, 17 June 2025 (UTC) :Yes, second this request for deletion and [[WP:SALT]] at [[Pat And Patty]] and [[OurCal]]. They're being frequently recreated by spammers. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 18:17, 17 June 2025 (UTC) ::<small>I did originally request protection here too but removed it assuming a rangeblock would be enough, Of course I have no objections to salting this and the others, Thanks –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 18:20, 17 June 2025 (UTC)</small> :::+1 [[Moselweine]] - repeatedly recreated –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 18:22, 17 June 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] or @[[User:FusionSub|FusionSub]] - Could the IP be rangeblocked please? They've been doing this all day on new IPs, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 19:31, 17 June 2025 (UTC) :::::Already done by fr33kman.- [[User:FusionSub|<span style="color: #0C6508">FusionSub</span>]] ([[User_talk:FusionSub|Talk page]]) ([[Special:Contributions/FusionSub|Contributions]]) 19:32, 17 June 2025 (UTC) :::::Just did it '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 19:32, 17 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::Thanks Freekman much appreciated –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 19:53, 17 June 2025 (UTC) ::::::They've now moved on to [[Pat and Patty]] (without the capital And). Could that be salted too? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 09:58, 18 June 2025 (UTC) :::::::@[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]]: Salted for 3 months by {{u|BRPever}}. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 20:43, 18 June 2025 (UTC) == New manage blocks interface == Just an FYI. I went to change a block to add a revoke talk page access to a user and I ended up adding a second block to the user rather than just changing the existing block. What you have to do (I now know) is click on the little pencil to modify the existing block. A little different but tricky if you're not expecting it. Cheers ;) '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:29, 19 June 2025 (UTC) 4976t0oj86vtjf47wyrr5qdr7eir9qd 0 1198000 10368885 10351555 2025-07-03T03:46:31Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} {{Infobox document |document_name = Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea |image2 = Commission of Inquiry on the DPRK Presents Report.jpg |image2_size = 250 |image_alt = |caption2 = Commissioners Marzuki Darusman, Sonja Biserko, and Michael Kirby (from left to center) presenting their report at the United Nations in 2014. |date_presented = 7 February 2014 (general distribution)<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/> |date_ratified = |date_effective = |date_repeal= |location_of_document = Geneva, Switzerland, [[United Nations Human Rights Council]]; <br /> Also [http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/CoIDPRK/Pages/ReportoftheCommissionofInquiryDPRK.aspx available online ] |writer = {{flagicon|Australia}} Michael Donald Kirby (Leader)<br />{{flagicon|Serbia}} Sonja Biserko<br />{{flagicon|Indonesia}} Marzuki Darusman (special investigator) |signers = |purpose = Look into the serious, repeated, and large-scale human rights abuses in North Korea. |image=File:조선민주주의인민공화국 인권조사위원회 보고서- Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the DPRK.png|Image_size=250|caption=Cover of the Korean version of the Report}} The '''''Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea''''' is the document that presents the results of a major 2014 [[United Nations]] investigation into [[human rights]] in North Korea.<ref name="Erlanger 2013"/><ref name="Sengupta Dec 2014"/> The Commission found that the North Korean government did many harmful actions to its people in a planned, intentional, and serious way. These include not allowing freedom of thought, speech, religion, movement, and access to food.<ref name="Sengupta Dec 2014"/><ref name="Sengupta Oct 2014"/><ref name="ECFR 2016"/><ref name ="Hilpert & Krumbein 2016"/><ref name ="King 2019"/> The Commission found that [[crimes against humanity]] had been done under high-level state policy. These included killing, torture, slavery, locking people up, rape, secretly taking people away, and making people go very hungry on purpose.<ref name="ECFR 2016"/><ref name ="Hilpert & Krumbein 2016"/><ref name ="King 2019"/><ref name="Cumming-Bruce Feb 2015"/><ref name="Sanger Oct 2014"/> In response, the [[United Nations General Assembly]] approved resolution 69/188 asking the [[United Nations Security Council|Security Council]] to send the case to the [[International Criminal Court]].<ref name="Sengupta Dec 2014"/><ref name="ECFR 2016"/><ref name="Sanger Oct 2014"/><ref name="A/RES/69/188"/><ref name="UN News Centre Dec 2014"/><ref name="Gladstone April 2014"/> However, the Security Council members did not reach an agreement on any next steps.<ref name ="Hilpert & Krumbein 2016"/><ref name="Choe Sep 13 2014"/><ref name="Reuters Oct 22 2014"/><ref name="DW Dec 2014"/><ref name="UN Dec 22, 2014"/><ref name="UNSC S/PV.7353"/> By 2024, ten years after the report was published, it was still the most detailed study of human rights in North Korea. Its findings were still seen as important, and most of its advice had not yet been followed by North Korea’s government.<ref name="Willemyns 2024"/><ref name="Kirby 2023"/><ref name="Song 2024"/> ==Why the report was made== Since 2003, different parts of the [[United Nations]] spoke out about human rights problems in [[North Korea]].<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/><ref name="ECFR 2016"/><ref name="A/C.3/63/L.26"/><ref name="E/CN.4/RES/2004/13"/><ref name="A/HRC/7/L.28"/><ref name="A/HRC/13/L.13"/><ref name="A/RES/66/174"/> A special investigator (Special Rapporteur) was chosen in 2004 to write reports every year, but North Korea did not agree to work with him.<ref name="Erlanger 2013"/><ref name="OHCHR"/><ref name ="UNCHR 2004/13"/> In 2009, it said no to all suggestions from the UN's first Universal Periodic Review on human rights.<ref name="Cohen 2014"/><ref name="A/HRC/13/13"/> UN leaders said the situation was one of the worst in the world.<ref name="Erlanger 2013"/><ref name="Rogers 2013"/><ref name="Cumming-Bruce 28 March 2014"/><ref name="Cumming-Bruce 14 Jan 2013"/> In 2012, many North Korean people who has escaped the country, and human rights groups, asked governments to start a full investigation.<ref name="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/><ref name="Rogers 2013"/><ref name="Cumming-Bruce 14 Jan 2013"/><ref name="Cohen 2012"/> The special investigator said a new system was needed to record abuses, name those responsible, and help the world decide what to do.<ref name="Cumming-Bruce 10 Mar 2013"/><ref name="A/HRC/RES/22/13"/><ref name="A/HRC/22/57"/> The goal was also to move global attention from nuclear weapons to human rights.<ref name="Cumming-Bruce 28 March 2014"/><ref name="Cumming-Bruce 14 Jan 2013"/><ref name="Kirby November 18, 2014"/> On 21 March 2013, the UN Human Rights Council created the Commission of Inquiry (COI) through resolution 22/13, approved without opposition.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/><ref name="Erlanger 2013"/><ref name="ECFR 2016"/><ref name="Cumming-Bruce 10 Mar 2013"/><ref name="A/HRC/RES/22/13"/> The COI included three independent experts: Michael Kirby (leader, from Australia), Marzuki Darusman (special investigator, from Indonesia), and Sonja Biserko (from Serbia).<ref name ="Hilpert & Krumbein 2016"/><ref name="Cumming-Bruce 10 Mar 2013"/><ref name="BBC 2013"/><ref name ="Economist Feb 2014"/> Its job was to look into very serious and planned human rights abuses—like not giving people enough food, prison camps, torture and cruel treatment, arresting people without reason, unfair treatment and denial of basic rights, not allowing free speech, killing people without cause, stopping people from moving freely, and secretly taking people from other countries—and to collect proof of crimes against humanity.<ref name="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/><ref name="A/HRC/22/57"/><ref name ="Resolution A/HRC/RES/22/13 mandate"/><ref name="Choe 20 Aug 2013"/><ref name="A/68/319"/> {{CSS image crop |Image = Commission of Inquiry on the DPRK Presents Report-2.jpg |bSize = 600 |cWidth = 600 |cHeight = 150 |oTop = 110 |oLeft = |Location = center |Description = Commissioners Marzuki Darusman, Sonja Biserko, and Michael Kirby (leader) present their report to the UN Human Rights Council. }} ==Results of the report== [[File:Map of the location of political prison camps (kwanliso) and ordinary prison camps (kyohwaso) in North Korea (United Nations, 2014).pdf|thumb|320px|Map of the location of political prison camps (kwanliso) and ordinary prison camps (kyohwaso) in North Korea, issued by the Commission of Inquiry.]] The report was published on 7 February 2014,<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/> and was called the most complete report about human rights problems in North Korea.<ref name="Cumming-Bruce 28 March 2014"/><ref name ="IBA 2017"/><ref name ="Taylor 2018"/> It said that the government did many very bad things to many people.<ref name ="Hilpert & Krumbein 2016"/><ref name="BBC 8 Oct 2014"/> These crimes include killing people, causing hunger, rape, and forced abortion. These were seen as crimes against humanity,<ref name="Hilpert & Krumbein 2016"/><ref name="King 2019"/><ref name="Sanger Oct 2014"/><ref name="Reuters Oct 22 2014"/><ref name="Economist Feb 2014"/> and similar to crimes committed by [[Nazi Germany]] in [[World War II]].<ref name ="Hilpert & Krumbein 2016"/><ref name="Reuters Oct 22 2014"/><ref name ="Economist Feb 2014"/><ref name="Burnett 2014"/><ref name="Cumming-Bruce 17 Sep 2013"/> In March 2014, the Human Rights Council asked the [[United Nations General Assembly]] to send the report to the [[United Nations Security Council]] and to ask the Council to think about sending the case to the [[International Criminal Court]] (ICC).<ref name="Cumming-Bruce 28 March 2014"/><ref name="A/HRC/25/L.17"/><ref name="Cumming-Bruce Sep 19 2014"/><ref name="Cheng 17 Feb 2014"/> On December 2014, the General Assembly approved a resolution that strongly criticized North Korea and again asked the Security Council to send the case to the International Criminal Court (ICC).<ref name="A/RES/69/188"/><ref name="UN News Centre Dec 2014"/><ref name="A/C.3/69/L.28/Rev.1"/><ref name="A/RES/68/183"/> The Security Council had its first official meeting about human rights in North Korea on December, even though China did not agree.<ref name="UN Dec 22, 2014"/><ref name="UNSC S/PV.7353"/> China could still use its special power to stop the case from going to the Court.<ref name="Sengupta Dec 2014"/><ref name="ECFR 2016"/><ref name="Choe Sep 13 2014"/><ref name="Reuters Oct 22 2014"/><ref name="DW Dec 2014"/><ref name="UN Dec 10, 2015"/> In December 2015, the Security Council decided to talk about human rights in North Korea at regular meetings, even though China, Russia, and some other countries did not agree.<ref name="UN Dec 10, 2015"/><ref name="Hands 2015"/><ref name="Huffington 2016"/><ref name="UNSC S/PV.7575"/> In the same month, UN High Commissioner Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein asked the Council to send the case to the International Criminal Court.<ref name="Hands 2015"/><ref name="UN News Center 2015"/> In 2017, the Human Rights Council asked legal experts to help prepare for future trials and set up a place to keep evidence. But it was unclear if trials would happen.<ref name="NYT March 24, 2017"/><ref name="A/HRC/34/L.23"/><ref name="A/HRC/34/L.23-quote"/> ==Summary of violations of human rights== === Thought, expression, religion === {{Quote box |quote = '''Overview''': The DPRK wants to control all thoughts. It uses long-lasting teaching, stops outside information, bans other beliefs and religions, and punishes people who disagree with torture or death.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/><ref name ="A/HRC/25/63"/> |bgcolor = #E6F2FF }} *'''Complete control of thought''': From birth, people are taught, watched, and given propaganda. School teaches loyalty to the Kim family, and private life is also watched. Activities like self-criticism meetings are used to keep people obedient.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/> *'''No free ideas or religion''': All news and groups are controlled by the government. Access to outside information is blocked. Religion is not allowed because it is seen as a threat to the government's control.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/> *'''Harsh punishment''': Small mistakes—like damaging a photo of the leader—can lead to torture, prison, or death. Often, the family of the person accused is punished too.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/> *'''Limited change''': Even with strict controls, some outside media are getting into the country because of new technology. There have been rare protests, especially about money and jobs.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/> === Discrimination === {{Quote box |quote = '''Overview''': Life in North Korea is shaped by a State-assigned, inherited social class (''songbun''). This affects jobs, food, housing, and education. As markets have emerged, women are earning more, but also face bribery, abuse, and violence.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/><ref name ="A/HRC/25/63"/> |bgcolor = #E6F2FF }} *'''Social class system''': People are divided by ''songbun'', which is based on family background and loyalty to the government. This decides where they live, what jobs they can do, and access to food and services. The lowest classes include former business owners, religious minorities, and prisoners of war. ''Songbun'' is passed down and is not seen by the person it affects.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/> *'''Gender-based discrimination''': Women face more problems because of poverty, unfair treatment, and no rights. Many experience abuse, including sexual violence and being sold, with little help from the law. Some women are hurt because they are successful in business.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/> *'''Emerging markets''': After the 1990s famine, small markets grew, making ''songbun'' less important for some people. Women who could not get State jobs often made more money in private trade, but this has caused anger and unfair treatment.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/> === Movement and residence === {{Quote box |quote = '''Overview''': The State controls where citizens live and work based on ''songbun'', restricts internal movement, and prohibits foreign travel. Refugees returned from China face harsh punishment.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/><ref name ="A/HRC/25/63"/> |bgcolor = #E6F2FF }} *'''Restricted residence''': Loyal people are allowed to live in good areas, while others are sent to poor or faraway places. Families can be sent away if a relative commits a political crime.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/> *'''Blocked reunions''': The State stops families from meeting if they are separated between North and South Korea. These rules are seen as cruel.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/> *'''Travel restrictions''': People need permission to move inside the country. Almost no one can travel to other countries. People caught trying to escape are sent back by China and face torture or worse. They may be sent to work, education, or political prison camps—especially if they are linked to Christian groups or the South Korean government's spy agency.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/> *'''Trafficking and abuse''': Women who escape to China are at high risk of being sold or forced into marriage or sex work. Children born in China often have no nationality. Women sent back while pregnant may be forced to have an abortion, and babies are sometimes killed—especially if the father is not Korean.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/> === Food === {{Quote box |quote = '''Overview''': The State controls all food distribution, giving more to loyal groups and giving less to others. State actions and inaction during the 1990s famine caused the deaths of hundreds of thousands and long-term damage to survivors.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/><ref name ="A/HRC/25/63"/> |bgcolor = #E6F2FF }} [[File:Map of DPR Korea Food Vulnerability and Insecurity 2008.png|right|thumb|350px|Map of DPR Korea Food Vulnerability and Insecurity 2008, included in the COI report]] *'''State control and starvation''': Food has been used to control people. Many suffered from hunger and did not grow properly. Resources were given to the leaders, the army, and propaganda. Starvation was also used as punishment in prisons.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/> *'''Systemic failures''': The government stopped reforms and punished people who tried to survive, like by trading or moving to find food. Limits on speech and information made things worse during the famine.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/> *'''Aid obstruction during famine''': The government stopped or delayed help from other countries during the 1990s famine, making the situation worse.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/> *'''Ongoing hunger since 2000''': Food is still hard to get. Bad economic choices, inflation, and natural disasters have made things worse. International groups say that 36–40% of people are still not getting enough food.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/> === Arbitrary detention, torture, executions, and prison camps === {{Quote box |quote = '''Overview''': The regime punishes political crimes with extreme measures, including torture, forced confessions, and secret imprisonment. Prison camps involve starvation, forced labor, rape, and executions. Up to 120,000 political prisoners were held at the time of the report’s publication.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/><ref name ="A/HRC/25/63"/><ref name ="Cha 2014"/><ref name ="Taylor 2014"/> |bgcolor = #E6F2FF }} *'''Torture''': State agencies like the State Security Department regularly torture people during questioning. Many die from abuse, hunger, or untreated illness. Political crimes often lead to prison without a trial.<ref name="A/HRC/25/CRP.1" /> *'''Political prison camps''': These ''kwanliso'' are for people seen as threats to the government. Prisoners are kept without contact with others, often with their families, and forced to starve, work, suffer abuse, be raped, or be killed. Hundreds of thousands have died in these camps.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/> *'''Ordinary prisons''': ''Kyohwaso'' hold common criminals and some political prisoners. Conditions include forced work, torture, and abuse. Prisoners have limited rights, and sentences are not always for life.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/> *'''Executions''': Executions—often public—are used to scare people. During the famine, people were killed for small crimes like stealing food. Today, executions also target smugglers and people who disagree with the government. Some happen secretly.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/> *'''Diminishing guilt by association''': Sending whole families to camps because of a relative’s political crime has become less common than before.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/> === Abductions and enforced disappearances from other countries === {{Quote box |quote = '''Overview''': Since 1950, the DPRK has taken or kept over 200,000 people from other countries. Victims were used for work, propaganda, or spying. Most suffered harsh conditions and are still missing.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/><ref name ="A/HRC/25/63"/> |bgcolor = #E6F2FF }} [[File:Commission of Inquiry on the DPRK Presents Report - Chairman of the Association of Families of Victims Kidnapped by North Korea gives his testimony at the UN.jpg|thumb|250px| Shigeo Iizuka, leader of the ''Association of Families of Victims Kidnapped by North Korea'' gives his testimony at the UN.]] During the Korean War, the DPRK took an estimated 96,000 South Korean civilians and did not return about 50,000 prisoners of war, many of them forced to work in dangerous mines.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/> Thousands of South Koreans were taken in the years after the war, and hundreds are still missing. Victims were used for political teaching or trained as spies, and were often taken by sea or during hijackings.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/> Under past South Korean governments, their families faced discrimination; later changes gave some recognition and support.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/> From 1959 to 1984, over 93,000 ethnic Koreans moved from Japan under DPRK propaganda. Once in North Korea, they were closely watched, given low status, and not allowed basic freedoms. Some secretly warned their families not to come.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/> In the 1970s–80s, the DPRK took Japanese and other foreigners to help with spying, including language training for agents. Some were forced to marry other foreigners to stop mixed-race children.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/> Since the 1990s, North Korean agents have taken escapees and their helpers from China, including South Korean and Chinese citizens, to stop information leaks and prevent people from leaving.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/> ===Crimes against humanity=== The Commission found that North Korea committed crimes against humanity with "no parallel in the contemporary world," carried out through state policies at the highest level.<ref name="Keck 2014"/> These crimes include mass killings, torture, forced labor, sexual violence, political persecution, abductions, and starvation. They are ongoing because the same institutions and policies continue to exist.<ref name="A/HRC/25/63"/><ref name="Keck 2014"/> This was the first UN investigation to formally conclude that crimes against humanity were being committed in North Korea. Chair Michael Kirby said: "Now, the world does know. And the question is whether the world will respond effectively and take the necessary action."<ref name="Kirby November 18, 2014"/> The Commission noted that hundreds of thousands have died in prison camps, often targeted with the goal of eliminating entire families or social groups.<ref name="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/> While these actions resemble genocide, the legal definition does not cover political groups. The report instead emphasized crimes against humanity as an equally serious violation that requires an international response.<ref name="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/> ===Holding leaders responsible=== Crimes against humanity are prohibited under international customary law and apply to all states, whether or not they have signed specific treaties. Individuals in the DPRK can be held criminally responsible, even if they acted under orders.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/> The report identified senior North Korean leaders who should face accountability.<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/> The Commission recommended three options for international action:<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/> * Referral to the International Criminal Court by the Security Council * Creation of a special tribunal, as with Yugoslavia or Rwanda * A tribunal established by the General Assembly under the Uniting for Peace resolution ==How the report was made== The Commission did several months of investigation, using testimony from over 300 victims and witnesses.<ref name="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/><ref name="Choe 20 Aug 2013"/> It also used satellite images, checked photos and videos, leaked documents, and reports from other sources.<ref name="Hilpert & Krumbein 2016"/><ref name="Sanger Oct 2014"/> North Korea refused to help, denied entry to investigators, and ignored all requests for information. The Commission also reviewed official DPRK materials. China stopped access to border areas and opposed the investigation.<ref name="Economist Feb 2014"/><ref name="Cumming-Bruce 17 Sep 2013"/> The Commission used a “reasonable grounds” standard of proof,<ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/><ref name ="Lederer 2018"/><ref name ="Donath 2014"/><ref name ="Van Schaack 2014"/> with each fact supported by at least one independent source.<ref name="Cohen 2013"/> Its legal framework included North Korea’s treaty obligations—covering civil and political rights, children, and women—as well as customary and humanitarian law.<ref name="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/><ref name="IBA 2017"/><ref name="Goede 2018"/> ==North Korea's reactions== [[File:UN Human Rights Council's "Resolution on Human Rights" against DPRK Rejected by DPRK FM Spokesman.png|thumb|270px| A news piece published by the [North] Korean Central News Agency protesting the Commission of Inquiry<ref name="KCNA 22 March 2013"/>]] North Korea rejected the Commission and its findings, calling the UN resolution a “product of political confrontation and conspiracy.”<ref name="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/><ref name="Kirby November 18, 2014"/><ref name="KCNA 22 March 2013"/><ref name="KCNA 26 March 2013"/> Officials described it as a “political conspiracy by the United States and hostile forces,” and called defectors who testified “human scum.”<ref name="Sengupta Oct 2014"/><ref name="Choe Aug 28 2013"/><ref name="KCNA 27 August 2013"/> The DPRK denied the existence of human rights abuses and refused all cooperation, including requests for information and access.<ref name="A/HRC/25/CRP.1"/><ref name="Cumming-Bruce 17 Sep 2013"/><ref name="Hawk 2014 b"/> It claimed there were no prison camps, only “detention centres where people are improved through their mentality.”<ref name="Economist Feb 2014"/><ref name="Reuters Oct 7, 2014"/> Months later, North Korea released its own report defending its record, omitting mention of prison camps and claiming citizens enjoy full rights.<ref name="Sengupta Oct 2014"/><ref name ="Hilpert & Krumbein 2016"/><ref name="Choe Sep 13 2014"/><ref name="Reuters Oct 7, 2014"/><ref name="KCNA November 28, 2014"/><ref name="Taylor 2014-c"/><ref name="KCNA Report Sep 13 2014"/><ref name="KCNA Report 2014 - other source"/><ref name="KCNA Sep 13 2014"/> It also issued critical reports on the U.S. and South Korea.<ref name="KCNA April 30. 2014 "/><ref name="Taylor 2014b"/><ref name="DailyNK 30 April 2014"/><ref name="Strochlic 2014"/> After international pressure grew,<ref name="Cohen 2014"/><ref name="Cumming-Bruce Sep 19 2014"/><ref name="Cumming-Bruce Sep 19 2014"/><ref name="Korea Herald 28 Sep 2014"/><ref name="Hawk 2014"/> North Korea’s foreign minister appeared at the UN General Assembly for the first time in 15 years and offered limited openness to dialogue.<ref name="Cumming-Bruce Sep 19 2014"/><ref name="A/HRC/27/10"/> The DPRK later submitted delayed responses to UN recommendations, accepting some but rejecting those related to the most serious abuses.<ref name ="Hilpert & Krumbein 2016"/><ref name="Hawk 2014"/><ref name="Chung 2015"/><ref name="Response UPR 2014"/> By late 2014, after the UN General Assembly referred the case to the Security Council, North Korea stopped all cooperation with UN human rights organizations.<ref name="Guardian 21 Jan 2015"/><ref name="Chung July 27, 2015"/> ==Later events== In the years after the report, the UN extended the mandate of the special investigator and opened a field office in 2015 to monitor human rights in North Korea.<ref name="ECFR 2016"/><ref name="UN Dec 10, 2015"/><ref name ="Chung 2015"/><ref name="AP March 2014"/><ref name="UN 23 June 2015"/><ref name="UN 23 June 2015"/><ref name ="The Guardian June 24, 2015"/><ref name="A/HRC/RES/28/22"/> North Korea strongly opposed the office and threatened UN staff.<ref name="Chung 2015"/><ref name="The Guardian June 24, 2015"/><ref name ="Pearson 2014"/> One defector who had testified later admitted to giving false details. However, the UN and experts stated that the report’s findings remained solid, as they were based on hundreds of sources.<ref name="Gladstone April 2014"/><ref name="Guardian 21 Jan 2015"/><ref name="Choe Jan 20 2015"/><ref name="Choe Jan 19 2015"/> In 2023 and 2024, governments and researchers marked the 10th anniversary of the Commission.<ref name="Willemyns 2024"/><ref name="Kirby 2023"/><ref name="Song 2024"/><ref name="NHK 2024"/><ref name="HRNK 2024-02"/><ref name="US Mission to UN, 2023"/> The report was still seen as the most thorough investigation of human rights in North Korea, with most of its recommendations yet to be acted on.<ref name="Willemyns 2024"/><ref name="Kirby 2023"/><ref name="Song 2024"/> ==References== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name ="A/HRC/25/CRP.1">{{Cite Q|Q134963071}}</ref> <ref name ="A/HRC/25/63">{{Cite Q|Q24719111}}</ref> <ref name ="A/68/319">{{citation |title=Situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (A/68/319) |date=14 August 2013 |url= https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Countries/KP/A-68-319.pdf|publisher=United Nations }}</ref> <ref name ="A/HRC/22/57">{{citation |title=Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Marzuki Darusman (A/HRC/22/57) |date=1 February 2013 |url= https://docs.un.org/en/A/HRC/22/57|publisher=United Nations }}</ref> <ref name ="Economist Feb 2014">{{cite news |date= Feb 22, 2014|title=North Korea – Humanity at its very worst |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21596999-un-report-accuses-north-korea-unspeakable-human-rights-abuses-and-hints-chinas-complicity |access-date= August 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302064817/http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21596999-un-report-accuses-north-korea-unspeakable-human-rights-abuses-and-hints-chinas-complicity |archive-date=March 2, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Cumming-Bruce 28 March 2014">{{cite news |title=Rights Panel Seeks Inquiry of North Korea |first=Nick |last=Cumming-Bruce |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/29/world/asia/un-north-korea.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date= March 28, 2014|access-date= Aug 20, 2015 |page=A8 (print edition Aug 29) |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140401230319/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/29/world/asia/un-north-korea.html|archive-date= April 1, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Cumming-Bruce 17 Sep 2013">{{cite news |title=U.N. Panel Urges International Action on North Korean Human Rights Abuses |first=Nick |last=Cumming-Bruce |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/18/world/europe/un-panel-urges-action-on-north-korean-rights-abuses.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date= Sep 17, 2013 |access-date= August 20, 2015 |page=A6 (print edition Sep 18) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010090348/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/18/world/europe/un-panel-urges-action-on-north-korean-rights-abuses.html |archive-date= October 10, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Cumming-Bruce 14 Jan 2013">{{cite news |title=U.N. Official Urges Scrutiny of North Korea |first=Nick |last=Cumming-Bruce |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/15/world/asia/un-human-rights-chief-seeks-investigation-of-north-korea.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date= January 14, 2013 |access-date= August 20, 2015 |page= A9 (print edition Jan 15) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604103117/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/15/world/asia/un-human-rights-chief-seeks-investigation-of-north-korea.html |archive-date=June 4, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Choe Sep 13 2014">{{cite news |title=North Korea Says Reports of Abuse Are Produced by Political 'Racket' |first=Sang-Hun |last=Choe |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/14/world/asia/north-korea-says-reports-of-abuse-are-produced-by-political-racket.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date= September 13, 2015 |access-date= Aug 20, 2015 |page= A12 (print edition Sep 14) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403062612/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/14/world/asia/north-korea-says-reports-of-abuse-are-produced-by-political-racket.html |archive-date=April 3, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Choe Aug 28 2013">{{cite news |title=U.N. Investigators Press North Koreans to Allow a Visit |first=Sang-Hun |last=Choe |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/28/world/asia/un-rights-panel-presses-for-access-to-north-korea.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date= August 27, 2013 |access-date= Aug 20, 2015 |page=A3 (print edition Aug 28) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902001949/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/28/world/asia/un-rights-panel-presses-for-access-to-north-korea.html |archive-date= September 2, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Cumming-Bruce Sep 19 2014">{{cite news |title=North Korea Agrees to Weigh Steps on Human Rights |first1=Nick |last1=Cumming-Bruce |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/20/world/asia/north-korea-agrees-to-weigh-steps-on-human-rights.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date= September 19, 2014|access-date= August 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325120552/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/20/world/asia/north-korea-agrees-to-weigh-steps-on-human-rights.html |archive-date=March 25, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="AP March 2014">{{cite news |title=UN Prolongs North Korea Human Rights Investigation |agency= Associated Press |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2014/03/28/world/europe/ap-eu-united-nations-nkorea.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=March 28, 2014 |access-date= Aug 20, 2015 }}</ref> <ref name="Erlanger 2013">{{cite news |title=U.N. Panel to Investigate Human Rights Abuses in North Korea |first=Steven|last=Erlanger |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/22/world/europe/un-panel-to-investigate-human-rights-abuses-in-north-korea.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=March 21, 2013 |access-date= August 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311114216/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/22/world/europe/un-panel-to-investigate-human-rights-abuses-in-north-korea.html |archive-date= March 11, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BBC 2013">{{cite news |title=UN names North Korea human rights investigators |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-22445339 |newspaper=BBC |location=UK |date= May 8, 2013 |access-date= August 20, 2015 }}</ref> <ref name="Cumming-Bruce 10 Mar 2013">{{cite news |title= North Korea Faces Pressure From U.N. on Human Rights |first1=Nick |last1=Cumming-Bruce |first2= Sang-Hun|last2= Choe|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/11/world/asia/north-korea-faces-pressure-from-un-on-human-rights.html|newspaper=The New York Times |date=March 10, 2013 |access-date= August 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413145249/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/11/world/asia/north-korea-faces-pressure-from-un-on-human-rights.html |archive-date= April 13, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Choe 20 Aug 2013">{{cite news |title=North Korean Defectors Tell U.N. Panel of Prison Camp Abuses |first=Sang-Hun |last=Choe |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/21/world/asia/north-korean-defectors-tell-un-panel-of-prison-camp-abuses.html|newspaper=The New York Times |date=August 20, 2013 |access-date= August 21, 2015 |page=A8 (print edition August 21st) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403024747/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/21/world/asia/north-korean-defectors-tell-un-panel-of-prison-camp-abuses.html |archive-date=April 3, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Choe Jan 20 2015">{{cite news |title=North Korea Uses Defector's Partial Retraction to Lash Out at Washington |first=Sang-Hun |last=Choe |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/21/world/asia/north-korea-uses-defectors-partial-retraction-to-lash-out-at-washington.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=January 20, 2015 |access-date= August 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313051220/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/21/world/asia/north-korea-uses-defectors-partial-retraction-to-lash-out-at-washington.html |archive-date= March 13, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Choe Jan 19 2015">{{cite news |title=Prominent North Korean Defector Recants Parts of His Story of Captivity |first=Sang-Hun |last=Choe |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/19/world/asia/prominent-north-korean-defector-shin-dong-hyuk-recants-parts-of-his-story.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=January 19, 2015 |access-date= Aug 20, 2015 |page=A9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324015324/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/19/world/asia/prominent-north-korean-defector-shin-dong-hyuk-recants-parts-of-his-story.html |archive-date=March 24, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Sengupta Dec 2014">{{cite news |title=United Nations Security Council Examines North Korea's Human Rights |first=Somini |last=Sengupta |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/23/world/asia/united-nations-security-council-examines-north-koreas-human-rights.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date= December 22, 2014 |access-date= Aug 20, 2015 |page=A12 (print edition Dec 23) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418182656/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/23/world/asia/united-nations-security-council-examines-north-koreas-human-rights.html |archive-date= April 18, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Sengupta Oct 2014">{{cite news |title=Coalition Seeks to Send North Korea to International Court Over Rights Abuses |first=Somini |last=Sengupta |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/26/world/coalition-seeks-to-send-north-korea-to-international-court-over-rights-abuses.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=October 25, 2014 |access-date= Aug 20, 2015 |page=A6 (print edition Oct 26) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329093956/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/26/world/coalition-seeks-to-send-north-korea-to-international-court-over-rights-abuses.html |archive-date=March 29, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Cumming-Bruce Feb 2015">{{cite news |title=U.N. Panel Finds Crimes Against Humanity in North Korea |first1=Nick |last1=Cumming-Bruce |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/16/world/asia/un-panel-finds-crimes-against-humanity-in-north-korea.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=February 15, 2014 |access-date= Aug 20, 2015 |page= A7 (print edition Feb 16) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607083821/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/16/world/asia/un-panel-finds-crimes-against-humanity-in-north-korea.html |archive-date=June 7, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name ="Chung 2015">{{cite journal |last1=Chung |first1=Christine |date=July 27, 2015 |title= Moving Forward on North Korean Human Rights |journal=38 North – Korea Institute at SAIS |url=http://38north.org/2015/07/cchung072715/ |access-date= Aug 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150807141729/http://38north.org/2015/07/cchung072715/ |archive-date=August 7, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="UN 23 June 2015">{{cite news|title=New UN office opens in Seoul to monitor human rights issues in DPR Korea |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=51223#.VdXsCixVhBc |newspaper=UN News Centre |date=June 23, 2015 |access-date=Aug 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150818213108/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=51223 |archive-date=August 18, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Sanger Oct 2014">{{cite news |title=North Korea Challenges U.N. Report on Violations |first=David E. |last=Sanger |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/21/world/asia/north-korea-challenges-un-report-on-violations.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=October 20, 2014 |access-date= Aug 20, 2015 |page=A10 (print edition Oct 21) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022004604/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/21/world/asia/north-korea-challenges-un-report-on-violations.html |archive-date=October 22, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Gladstone April 2014">{{cite news |title=U.N. Council Takes Up Question of Rights in North Korea |first=Rick |last= Gladstone|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/18/world/asia/un-council-takes-up-question-of-rights-in-north-korea.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=April 17, 2014 |access-date= Aug 20, 2015 |page= A3 (print edition Apr 13) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505163543/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/18/world/asia/un-council-takes-up-question-of-rights-in-north-korea.html |archive-date= May 5, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Reuters Oct 22 2014">{{cite news|title=At U.N., China Asked to Back Human Rights Case Against North Korea |first=Donath |last=Mirjam |url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2014/10/22/world/asia/22reuters-northkorea-un.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=October 22, 2014 |access-date=August 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416015702/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-un-idUSKCN0IB2PF20141022 |archive-date=April 16, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Reuters Oct 7, 2014">{{cite news |title=North Korea Presents Own Report on Its Human Rights Record at U.N. |first=Louis |last=Charbonneau|url=http://af.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idAFKCN0HW27G20141007 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=October 7, 2014 |access-date= Aug 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111102259/http://af.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idAFKCN0HW27G20141007 |archive-date=November 11, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="A/HRC/RES/22/13">{{citation |title=Situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (A/HRC/RES/22/13) |date=21 March 2013 |url=https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/g13/128/65/pdf/g1312865.pdf |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> <ref name="A/RES/69/188">{{citation |title= Situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (A/RES/69/188) |date= 18 December 2014 |url=https://docs.un.org/en/A/RES/69/188/ |publisher=United Nations }}</ref> <ref name="UN News Centre Dec 2014">{{cite news |title= General Assembly decides to refer UN report on human rights in DPR Korea to Security Council |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=49648#.VQmISWTF-yw |newspaper=UN News Centre |date= December 14, 2014 |access-date= Aug 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705101349/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=49648 |archive-date=July 5, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="DW Dec 2014">{{cite news |title=UN Security Council discusses referring North Korea to ICC |url=http://www.dw.com/en/un-security-council-discusses-referring-north-korea-to-icc/a-18147370 |newspaper=[[Deutsche Welle|DW]] |location= Germany |date=December 23, 2014 |access-date= Aug 20, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150820161550/http://www.dw.com/en/un-security-council-discusses-referring-north-korea-to-icc/a-18147370|archive-date=August 20, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="A/HRC/13/L.13">{{citation |title=Situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (A/HRC/13/L.13) |date=18 March 2010 |url=https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/ltd/g10/122/35/pdf/g1012235.pdf|publisher=United Nations}}</ref> <ref name="A/C.3/69/L.28/Rev.1">{{citation |title=Situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (A/C.3/69/L.28/Rev.1) |date=14 November 2014 |publisher=United Nations|url=https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/un-documents/document/ac369l28rev1.php }}</ref> <ref name="A/RES/68/183">{{citation|title=Situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (A/RES/68/183) |date=18 December 2013 |publisher=United Nations|url=https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/n13/450/43/pdf/n1345043.pdf }}</ref> <ref name="A/HRC/RES/28/22">{{citation |title=Situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (A/HRC/RES/28/22) |date=27 March 2015|publisher=United Nations|url=https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/g15/072/84/pdf/g1507284.pdf }}</ref> <ref name="A/HRC/7/L.28">{{citation |title= Situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (A/HRC/7/L.28) |date=25 March 2008 |publisher=United Nations|url=https://docs.un.org/en/A/HRC/7/28 }}</ref> <ref name="E/CN.4/RES/2004/13">{{citation |title= Situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (E/CN.4/2004/127)|date=15 April 2004 |publisher=United Nations |url=https://docs.un.org/en/E/CN.4/2004/127 }}</ref> <ref name="A/C.3/63/L.26">{{citation |title= Situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (A/C.3/63/L.26)|date=30 October 2008 |publisher=United Nations|url= https://www.un.org/en/ga/third/63/votingsheets.shtml}}</ref> <ref name="A/RES/66/174">{{citation |title=Situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (A/RES/66/174) |date=19 December 2011 |url= https://docs.un.org/en/%20A/RES/66/174|publisher=United Nations}}</ref> <ref name="OHCHR">{{cite web | url= http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/SP/CountriesMandates/KP/Pages/SRDPRKorea.aspx |title=Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea | publisher=[[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]] | location= Geneva | access-date= Aug 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150719235351/http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/SP/CountriesMandates/KP/Pages/SRDPRKorea.aspx | archive-date=July 19, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Rogers 2013">{{cite news|title=North Korea in the Dark |first=Benedict |last=Rogers |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/29/opinion/north-korea-in-the-dark.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=January 28, 2013 |access-date=Aug 20, 2015 |page=(print edition on January 29, 2013, in The International Herald Tribune) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201011949/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/29/opinion/north-korea-in-the-dark.html |archive-date=February 1, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="BBC 8 Oct 2014">{{cite news |title=North Korea defends human rights record in report to UN |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-29531969 |newspaper=BBC |location=UK |date=October 8, 2014 |access-date= Aug 21, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112172608/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-29531969 |archive-date=November 12, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Keck 2014">{{cite news |title=North Korea to Publish Human Rights Report |first= Zachary |last=Keck |url=https://thediplomat.com/2014/08/north-korea-to-publish-human-rights-report/ |newspaper=The Diplomat |location=U.S. |date=August 15, 2014 |access-date= Aug 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011170213/https://thediplomat.com/2014/08/north-korea-to-publish-human-rights-report/ |archive-date= October 11, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Burnett 2014">{{cite news |title=The North Koreans Are Unhappy With the U.N.'s Report on Human Rights |first= Stephanie |last= Burnett|url=https://time.com/3099904/north-korea-human-rights-report-dprk-un-kcna/ |newspaper=Time |location=U.S. |date=August 11, 2014 |access-date= Aug 21, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908145645/http://time.com/3099904/north-korea-human-rights-report-dprk-un-kcna/ |archive-date=September 8, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="KCNA November 28, 2014">{{cite news |title=Detailed Report on Secret behind Anti-DPRK "Human Rights Resolution" Released |author=KCNA |url=http://kcnawatch.nknews.org/article/ewlk |newspaper=Korean Central News Agency, republished by kcnawatch.nknews.org |location=Pyongyang |date=November 28, 2014 |access-date= Aug 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313051804/http://kcnawatch.nknews.org/article/ewlk |archive-date= March 13, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="KCNA Report Sep 13 2014">{{Cite report|author=DPRK Association for Human Rights Studies |date=September 13, 2014 |title=Report of the DPRK Association for Human Rights Studies |url=http://www.ncnk.org/resources/publications/Report_of_the_DPRK_Association_for_Human_Rights_Studies.pdf |publisher=Korean Central News Agency (republished by The National Committee on North Korea) |access-date=Aug 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821153342/http://www.ncnk.org/resources/publications/Report_of_the_DPRK_Association_for_Human_Rights_Studies.pdf |archive-date=August 21, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="KCNA Report 2014 - other source">{{Cite report |author=DPRK Association for Human Rights Studies |date=2014 |title=Report of the DPRK Association for Human Rights Studies |url=http://www.weeklyblitz.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Report-9-14.pdf |publisher=Korean Central News Agency (as republished by Weekly Blitz) |access-date=Sep 1, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629102508/http://www.weeklyblitz.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Report-9-14.pdf |archive-date=June 29, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="KCNA Sep 13 2014">{{cite news|title=Report on Human Rights Situation in DPRK Released |author=KCNA |url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2014/201409/news13/20140913-05ee.html |newspaper=Korean Central News Agency |location=Pyongyang, North Korea |date=September 13, 2014 |access-date=Aug 21, 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150214143251/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2014/201409/news13/20140913-05ee.html |archive-date=February 14, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="A/HRC/25/L.17">{{citation |title=Situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (A/HRC/25/L.17) |date=26 March 2014 |url=https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/ltd/g14/124/94/pdf/g1412494.pdf | publisher=United Nations}}</ref> <ref name="KCNA 22 March 2013">{{cite news |title= UN Human Rights Council's "Resolution on Human Rights" against DPRK Rejected by DPRK FM Spokesman |author=KCNA |url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2013/201303/news22/20130322-39ee.html |newspaper=Korean Central News Agency |location=Pyongyang, DPRK |date=March 22, 2013 |access-date= Aug 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012092940/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2013/201303/news22/20130322-39ee.html |archive-date= October 12, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="KCNA 26 March 2013">{{cite news |title= S. Korean Regime Denounced for Trying to Fabricate "Human Rights Resolution" against DPRK |author=KCNA |url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2013/201303/news26/20130326-12ee.html |newspaper=Korean Central News Agency |location=Pyongyang, DPRK |date=March 26, 2013 |access-date= Aug 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012133700/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2013/201303/news26/20130326-12ee.html |archive-date=October 12, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Cheng 17 Feb 2014">{{cite news |title= U.N. Panel Says North Korean Leader Could Face Charges |first=Jonathan |last=Cheng |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304675504579389053509612652 |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |location=New York |date= February 17, 2014 |access-date= Aug 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150824131722/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304675504579389053509612652 |archive-date=August 24, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="KCNA 27 August 2013">{{cite news |title=KCNA Commentary Slams S. Korean Authorities for Chilling Atmosphere of Dialogue |author=KCNA |url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2013/201308/news27/20130827-14ee.html |newspaper=Korean Central News Agency (as republished by Anglo-Peoples Korea/Songun) |location=Pyongyang, DPRK |date= August 27, 2013|access-date= Aug 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150824134026/http://juche007-anglo-peopleskoreafriendship.blogspot.com/2013/08/kcna-commentary-slams-s-korean.html |archive-date=August 24, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name ="Resolution A/HRC/RES/22/13 mandate">{{cite web |author=Human Rights Council |date=21 March 2013 |title=Resolution A/HRC/RES/22/13: Situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea |publisher= United Nations |url=https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/HRC/RES/22/13 |access-date= Aug 20, 2015 |quote=The commission of inquiry will investigate the systematic, widespread and grave violations of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea as outlined in paragraph 31 of the report of the Special Rapporteur, including the violation of the right to food, the violations associated with prison camps, torture and inhuman treatment, arbitrary detention, discrimination, violations of freedom of expression, violations of the right to life, violations of freedom of movement, and enforced disappearances, including in the form of abductions of nationals of other States, with a view to ensuring full accountability, in particular where these violations may amount to crimes against humanity }}</ref> <ref name="KCNA April 30. 2014 ">{{cite news|title=News Analysis on Poor Human Rights Records in US |author=KCNA |url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2014/201404/news30/2014-0430-23ee.html |newspaper=Korean Central News Agency |location=Pyongyang, DPRK |date=April 30, 2014 |access-date=Aug 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140503114238/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2014/201404/news30/2014-0430-23ee.html |archive-date=May 3, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="Taylor 2014b">{{cite news|title=North Korea releases list of U.S. 'human rights abuses': 'The U.S. is a living hell' |first=Adam |last=Taylor |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2014/05/02/north-korea-releases-list-of-u-s-human-rights-abuses-the-u-s-is-a-living-hell/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=May 2, 2014 |access-date=Aug 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160613043532/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2014/05/02/north-korea-releases-list-of-u-s-human-rights-abuses-the-u-s-is-a-living-hell/ |archive-date=June 13, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="DailyNK 30 April 2014">{{cite news |title=North Announces "White Paper" on SK Human Rights |author=Oh Se Hyek |url=http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk01700&num=11823 |newspaper=DailyNK |date=April 30, 2014 |access-date= Aug 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112150702/http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk01700&num=11823 |archive-date= January 12, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Strochlic 2014">{{cite news |title=Now It's North Korea's Turn to List U.S. Human Rights Abuses |first=Nina |last=Strochlic |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/05/03/now-it-s-north-korea-s-turn-to-list-u-s-human-rights-abuses.html |newspaper=The Daily Beast |date=May 3, 2014 |access-date= Aug 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503114423/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/05/03/now-it-s-north-korea-s-turn-to-list-u-s-human-rights-abuses.html |archive-date=May 3, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="A/HRC/13/13">{{citation |title= Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review – Democratic People's Republic of Korea (A/HRC/13/13) |date= 4 January 2010 |url=https://docs.un.org/en/A/HRC/RES/13/13 |publisher=United Nations }}</ref> <ref name="Cohen 2014">{{cite journal |first1= Roberta|last1=Cohen |date=16 October 2014 |title=A Human Rights Dialogue with North Korea: Real or Illusory? |journal=38 North |publisher=Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies|location=Washington, D.C. |url=http://38north.org/2014/10/rcohen101614/ |access-date=Aug 29, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150313045637/http://38north.org/2014/10/rcohen101614/|archive-date=March 13, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="A/HRC/27/10">{{citation |title= Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review – Democratic People's Republic of Korea (A/HRC/27/10) |date= 2 July 2014|url=https://docs.un.org/en/A/HRC/27/10|publisher= United Nations}}</ref> <ref name="Hawk 2014">{{cite journal |first1=David|last1=Hawk |date= 16 October 2014|title=North Korea Responds to the UN Commission of Inquiry |journal=38 North |publisher=Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies|location=Washington, D.C. |url= http://38north.org/2014/10/dhawk101614/ |access-date=Aug 29, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150315064649/http://38north.org/2014/10/dhawk101614/|archive-date=March 15, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Hawk 2014 b">{{cite journal|first1=David |last1=Hawk |date=16 October 2014 |title=North Korea Responds to the UN Commission of Inquiry |journal=38 North |publisher=Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies |location=Washington, D.C. |url=http://38north.org/2014/10/dhawk101614/ |access-date=Aug 29, 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141017020111/http://38north.org/2014/10/dhawk101614/ |archive-date=17 October 2014 |url-status=live |quote=For it to work, the UN human rights system assumes that indigenous civil society groups, domestic and foreign journalists, governmental, inter-governmental and non-governmental monitors will be able to corroborate on-the-ground claims that a government is observing and respecting the rights of its citizenry. However, none of these conditions apply to North Korea. In this type of situation, if the regime in question does not allow on-site, on-the-ground monitoring, then the refugee/victim testimonies, not the unverifiable statements of the government, stand. With more than 25,000 North Korean defectors in South Korea and hundreds more around the world, there is ample information about the types of abuses have taken place inside North Korea—and the overwhelming narrative is quite the opposite of what the DPRK government purports.<br /> For instance, in the UN Special Rapporteur's June 13, 2014 report, he notes that North Korea's claims about implementing human rights standards and recommendations "contrast sharply" with the findings documented by the COI and information received by himself. Darusman further stipulates that the crimes against humanity detailed in the COI report were "not excesses of the State, but essential components of its political system. [And that] the gravity, scale and nature of those violations revealed a State that has no parallel in the contemporary world." }}</ref> <ref name="Korea Herald 28 Sep 2014">{{cite news |title= U.N. secretary general receives letter from N.K. leader|author=Yonhap |url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140928000202 |newspaper=[[The Korea Herald]] |location=Seoul |date=Sep 28, 2014 |access-date= Sep 1, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930054824/http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140928000202 |archive-date=September 30, 2014 |url-status=live|author-link=}}</ref> <ref name="Response UPR 2014">{{cite journal |title=The DPRK's Responses to the Universal Periodic Review (A/HRC/27/10/Add.1) |journal=38 North |publisher=Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies|location=Washington, D.C. |url=http://38north.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/38N-UPR-Working-Group-DPRK-Response.pdf |access-date=Sep 1, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150320120049/http://38north.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/38N-UPR-Working-Group-DPRK-Response.pdf |archive-date=March 20, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Guardian 21 Jan 2015">{{cite news |title= UN dismisses North Korea's claim that damning human rights report is invalid|author= [[Agence France-Presse]] in Seoul |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/21/un-north-korea-human-rights-report-invalid|newspaper=The Guardian |location=UK |date=Jan 21, 2015 |access-date= Sep 1, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714164722/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/21/un-north-korea-human-rights-report-invalid |archive-date=July 14, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Kirby November 18, 2014">{{cite news |title= Kirby: Moment of truth for North Korea over human rights|first= Michael|last= Kirby |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/11/18/opinion/north-korea-un-resolution-kirby/ |newspaper=[[CNN]] |date=November 18, 2014 |access-date= Sep 1, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112144805/http://www.cnn.com/2014/11/18/opinion/north-korea-un-resolution-kirby/ |archive-date=January 12, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Hands 2015">{{cite news |title=The Global Politics of Human Rights in North Korea – The UN is forcing the DPRK's abysmal record higher up the international political agenda. |first=Jack |last=Hands |url= https://thediplomat.com/2015/12/the-global-politics-of-human-rights-in-north-korea/|newspaper=The Diplomat |location=Tokyo, Japan |date=December 18, 2015 |access-date= Feb 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129160038/https://thediplomat.com/2015/12/the-global-politics-of-human-rights-in-north-korea/ |archive-date= January 29, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="UN News Center 2015">{{cite news |title= UN human rights chief calls for DPR Korea to be referred to International Criminal Court |author= UN News Center |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52791#.VtHxW4wrInX |newspaper= [[United Nations]]|location=New York |date= December 10, 2015 |access-date= Feb 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125091757/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52791 |archive-date=January 25, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="ECFR 2016">{{cite news |title= North Korea: a role for the EU on human rights |first=Agatha |last= Kratz |url=http://www.ecfr.eu/article/commentary_north_korea_a_role_for_the_eu_on_human_rights |newspaper=European Council on Foreign Relations |location= London |date=January 6, 2016 |access-date= Feb 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160228000514/http://www.ecfr.eu/article/commentary_north_korea_a_role_for_the_eu_on_human_rights |archive-date= February 28, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Huffington 2016">{{cite news |title=China: 'Bad Idea' For UN Council To Discuss North Korea Human Rights |agency=Reuters |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/china-north-korea-human-rights_us_5642a1bfe4b08cda34869df1 |newspaper= [[The Huffington Post]] |location= New York |date= Nov 10, 2015 |access-date= Feb 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213120804/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/china-north-korea-human-rights_us_5642a1bfe4b08cda34869df1 |archive-date=February 13, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="UN Dec 10, 2015">{{cite news |title=Institutional Human Rights Violations in Democratic People's Republic of Korea Pose Threat to International Peace, Security, Security Council Told – Council Lacks Mandate over Violations, Some Members Stress, as High Commissioner for Human Rights Says Millions Still Denied Basic Freedoms (SC/12151) |url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sc12151.doc.htm |newspaper=[[United Nations]] |location=New York |date= December 10, 2015 |access-date= Feb 27, 2015 |page= SC/12151 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160228002650/http://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sc12151.doc.htm |archive-date=February 28, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="UNSC S/PV.7575">{{citation |title=The situation in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (S/PV.7575) |date=10 December 2015|url=https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/pro/n15/416/34/pdf/n1541634.pdf|publisher=United Nations }}</ref> <ref name="UNSC S/PV.7353">{{citation|title=The situation in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (S/PV.7353) |date=22 December 2014 |url=https://docs.un.org/en/S/PV.7353 |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> <ref name="UN Dec 22, 2014">{{cite news |title=Security Council, in Divided Vote, Puts Democratic People's Republic of Korea's Situation on Agenda following Findings of Unspeakable Human Rights Abuses (SC/11720) |url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2014/sc11720.doc.htm |newspaper=[[United Nations]] |location=New York |date= December 22, 2014 |access-date= Feb 27, 2015 |page= SC/11720 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102204112/http://www.un.org/press/en/2014/sc11720.doc.htm |archive-date=January 2, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="A/HRC/34/L.23">{{citation |title=Situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (A/HRC/34/L.23) |date=20 March 2017|url=https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/ltd/g17/069/64/pdf/g1706964.pdf |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> <ref name="NYT March 24, 2017">{{cite news|title=U.N. Takes Step Toward Future Prosecutions Against North Korea |first=Rick |last=Gladstone |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/24/world/asia/un-rights-council-north-korea-future-prosecution-crimes.html |newspaper=The New York Times |location=USA |date=March 24, 2017 |access-date=April 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410051804/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/24/world/asia/un-rights-council-north-korea-future-prosecution-crimes.html |archive-date=April 10, 2017 |url-status=live |quote=The Seoul office of the United Nations high commissioner for human rights will be expanded to include criminal justice experts who can develop plans for eventual prosecution. The resolution also would establish a structure to collect evidence "with a view to developing possible strategies to be used in any future accountability process." }}</ref> <ref name="A/HRC/34/L.23-quote">{{cite web | url= https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/HRC/34/L.23 |title=Situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (A/HRC/34/L.23) |author=Human Rights Council | date= 20 March 2017 | publisher= United Nations | location= Geneva | access-date= April 15, 2017 |quote=12. Decides to strengthen, for a period of two years, the capacity of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, including its field-based structure in Seoul, to allow the implementation of relevant recommendations made by the group of independent experts on accountability in its report aimed at strengthening current monitoring and documentation efforts, establishing a central information and evidence repository, and having experts in legal accountability assess all information and testimonies with a view to developing possible strategies to be used in any future accountability process;}}</ref> <ref name="Cohen 2012">{{cite web | url= https://www.brookings.edu/on-the-record/challenges-to-human-rights-information-gathering-in-north-korea/ |title=Challenges to Human Rights Information Gathering in North Korea |first= Roberta|last=Cohen | date= November 28, 2012| publisher= [[Brookings Institution]] | location= USA | access-date= February 2, 2018 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180317172140/https://www.brookings.edu/on-the-record/challenges-to-human-rights-information-gathering-in-north-korea/ | archive-date= March 17, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name ="Hilpert & Krumbein 2016">{{cite journal |first1=Hanns Günther |last1=Hilpert |first2= Frédéric|last2=Krumbein |date=Spring 2016 |title=Human Rights in North Korea: A European Perspective |journal=The Journal of East Asian Affairs |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=67–92 |publisher=Institute for National Security Strategy |jstor=43829410 }}</ref> <ref name ="UNCHR 2004/13">{{Cite report |author=[[United Nations Commission on Human Rights]] |title=Situation of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea - Commission on Human Rights resolution 2004/13 |url=http://ap.ohchr.org/documents/E/CHR/resolutions/E-CN_4-RES-2004-13.doc |publisher=United Nations |access-date= September 6, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906030130/http://ap.ohchr.org/documents/E/CHR/resolutions/E-CN_4-RES-2004-13.doc |archive-date=September 6, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name ="Cha 2014">{{cite news |last1=Cha |first1=Victor |author-link1= |last2=Lloyd |first2= Lindsay |date= June 10, 2014 |title=The Gulags of North Korea |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/06/10/the-gulags-of-north-korea/ |work=Foreign Policy |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180526184218/https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/06/10/the-gulags-of-north-korea/|archive-date= May 26, 2018|url-status=live|access-date=August 23, 2019 }}</ref> <ref name="Taylor 2014-c">{{cite news |title=North Korea wrote a 53,558-word report on its human rights record. The conclusion? It's pretty good. |first=Adam |last=Taylor |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2014/09/17/north-korea-wrote-a-53558-word-report-on-its-human-rights-record-the-conclusion-its-pretty-good/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |location=U.S. |date=September 17, 2014 |access-date= Aug 20, 2015 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20160613043505/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2014/09/17/north-korea-wrote-a-53558-word-report-on-its-human-rights-record-the-conclusion-its-pretty-good/|archive-date= June 13, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name ="Taylor 2014">{{cite news |last=Taylor |first= Adam|date=November 20, 2014 |title= Torture, kidnapping and gulags: North Korea's alleged crimes against humanity|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2014/11/20/torture-kidnapping-and-gulags-north-koreas-alleged-crimes-against-humanity/ |newspaper=[[Washington Post]] |access-date= August 23, 2019}}</ref> <ref name ="Lederer 2018">{{cite news |last=Lederer |first=Edith M. |date=November 15, 2018 |title=Key UN committee condemns North Korea's rights violations |url=https://www.apnews.com/f023e53ba52d4819a4dd912807404e5e |work= [[Associated Press]]}}</ref> <ref name ="Donath 2014">{{cite news |last=Donath |first=Mirjam |date=November 18, 2014 |title=U.N. panel calls for North Korea referral to international court |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-un-rights/u-n-panel-calls-for-north-korea-referral-to-international-court-idUSKCN0J22EG20141118 |url-status=live |work=[[Reuters]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106220135/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-un-rights/u-n-panel-calls-for-north-korea-referral-to-international-court-idUSKCN0J22EG20141118 |archive-date=January 6, 2019 |access-date= August 23, 2019}}</ref> <ref name ="Cohen 2013">{{cite journal |last1=Cohen |first1= Roberta |date=2013 |title=Human Rights in North Korea: Addressing the Challenges |url=https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/RCohen_north_korea_Dec2013.pdf |journal=International Journal of Korean Unification Studies |publisher= Korea Institute for National Unification |location= South Korea |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=29–62 |access-date=August 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823154110/https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/RCohen_north_korea_Dec2013.pdf |archive-date=August 23, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name ="Van Schaack 2014">{{cite web |url=https://www.justsecurity.org/7510/accountability-north-korea-light-commission-inquirys-report/ |title=Accountability & North Korea in Light of the Commission of Inquiry's Report |last= Van Schaack|first=Beth |date=February 24, 2014 |website=Just Security |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513040355/https://www.justsecurity.org/7510/accountability-north-korea-light-commission-inquirys-report/ |archive-date=May 13, 2019 |url-status= live|access-date=August 23, 2019 }}</ref> <ref name ="Goede 2018">{{cite journal |last=Goede |first=Patricia |date=May 2018 |title=Human Rights Diffusion in North Korea: The Impact of Transnational Legal Mobilization |journal=Asian Journal of Law and Society |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=175–203 |doi=10.1017/als.2017.20 |s2cid=168749061 }}</ref> <ref name ="IBA 2017">{{cite report |author=War Crimes Committee of the International Bar Association |date=2017 |title=Report: Inquiry on Crimes Against Humanity in North Korea's Political Prisons |url=https://www.ibanet.org/IBA-War-Crimes-Committee---Inquiry-on-Crimes-Against-Humanity-in.aspx |publisher=International Bar Association |access-date=2019-08-25 |archive-date=2018-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021115041/https://www.ibanet.org/IBA-War-Crimes-Committee---Inquiry-on-Crimes-Against-Humanity-in.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name ="Taylor 2018">{{cite news |last=Taylor |first=Adam |date=June 11, 2018 |title= The North Korean human rights issue stalking the Singapore summit|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2018/06/11/the-north-korean-human-rights-issue-stalking-the-singapore-summit/ |url-status=live |newspaper=[[Washington Post]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612144403/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2018/06/11/the-north-korean-human-rights-issue-stalking-the-singapore-summit/ |archive-date=June 12, 2018 |access-date=August 23, 2019 }}</ref> <ref name ="King 2019">{{cite journal |url=https://www.csis.org/analysis/fifth-anniversary-landmark-report-un-commission-inquiry-north-korean-human-rights |title=Fifth Anniversary of the Landmark Report of the UN Commission of Inquiry on North Korean Human Rights |last=King |first=Robert R. |date=February 21, 2019 |website=[[Center for Strategic and International Studies]] |access-date= August 25, 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190825220320/https://www.csis.org/analysis/fifth-anniversary-landmark-report-un-commission-inquiry-north-korean-human-rights|archive-date=August 25, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name ="The Guardian June 24, 2015">{{cite news |date= June 24, 2015 |title='Seoul-based investigators will bring Kim Jong-un to justice', vows UN - Newly opened human rights office, dramatically denounced by North Korea, could be a 'game changer' for documenting abuses |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jun/24/north-korea-un-human-rights-office-seoul |url-status=live |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=United Kingdom |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190529042834/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jun/24/north-korea-un-human-rights-office-seoul|archive-date= May 29, 2019|access-date=August 23, 2019 }}</ref> <ref name ="Pearson 2014">{{cite news |last=Pearson |first=James |date=June 9, 2014 |title=North Korea threatens 'plot-breeding' U.N. rights office with 'punishment' |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-rights/north-korea-threatens-plot-breeding-u-n-rights-office-with-punishment-idUSKBN0EK0PG20140609 |url-status=live |work=[[Reuters]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006075107/http://www.reuters.com:80/article/us-northkorea-rights/north-korea-threatens-plot-breeding-u-n-rights-office-with-punishment-idUSKBN0EK0PG20140609 |archive-date=October 6, 2017 |access-date=August 23, 2019 |quote="Anyone who challenges our dignity and social system and agrees to go ahead with the establishment of the office will be ruthlessly punished," the North's Committee for the Peaceful Reunification of Korea said in a statement.}}</ref> <ref name ="Chung July 27, 2015">{{cite news |last=Chung |first=Christine |date=July 27, 2015 |title=Moving Forward on North Korean Human Rights |url=https://www.38north.org/2015/07/cchung072715/ |url-status=live |work=38 North |location=United States |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123213819/https://www.38north.org/2015/07/cchung072715/ |archive-date= November 23, 2018|access-date=August 23, 2019}}</ref> <ref name="Willemyns 2024">{{cite news |title=UN should update North Korea rights report: experts – Momentum was quickly lost after the release of a landmark UN report a decade ago, according to its chief author. |first=Alex |last=Willemyns |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/korea/human-rights-report-02072024090144.html |newspaper=[[Radio Free Asia]] |location= |date= February 7, 2024|access-date= |page= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207204610/https://www.rfa.org/english/news/korea/human-rights-report-02072024090144.html |archive-date= 2024-02-07|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Kirby 2023">{{cite news |title=What we can learn from UN inquiry into North Korean human rights, 10 years on – The situation has improved little since Commission of Inquiry issued landmark report, but there is still a way forward |first=Michael |last=Kirby |url=https://www.nknews.org/2023/06/what-we-can-learn-from-un-inquiry-into-north-korean-human-rights-10-years-on/ |newspaper=NK News |location= |date=June 12, 2023 |accessdate=February 15, 2024 |page= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215055301/https://www.nknews.org/2023/06/what-we-can-learn-from-un-inquiry-into-north-korean-human-rights-10-years-on/ |archive-date=February 15, 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Song 2024">{{cite news |title=U.S. envoy urges N. Korea to begin 'reform' process to improve human rights |first=Sang-ho |last=Song |url=https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20240208000551315 |newspaper=Yonhap News Agency |location=South Korea |date=February 8, 2024 |accessdate=February 15, 2024 |page= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215060053/https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20240208000551315 |archive-date=February 15, 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="HRNK 2024-02">{{cite web | url= https://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=148 |title= The UN COI Report, A Decade Later: Problems, Prospects, Recommendations|first= |last= | date= February 7, 2024 | publisher= Committee for Human Rights in North Korea | location= Washington, D.C. | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240215060847/https://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=148 | archive-date= 2024-02-15 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="NHK 2024">{{cite news | url= https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20240210_10/ |title=US special envoy on N.Korean human rights issues to visit Japan, S.Korea |first= |last= | date= February 9, 2024 |newspaper= [[NHK]] | location= Japan | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240215062313/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20240210_10/ | archive-date= 2024-02-15 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="US Mission to UN, 2023">{{cite news |author=United States Mission to the United Nations, Office of Press and Public Diplomacy |url=https://usun.usmission.gov/joint-statement-by-albania-japan-the-republic-of-korea-and-the-united-states-on-the-human-rights-situation-in-the-dprk/ |title=Joint Statement by Albania, Japan, the Republic of Korea, and the United States on the Human Rights Situation in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) |location= |date= December 15, 2023 }}</ref> }} ==Further reading== *{{Cite Q|Q24719111}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category|Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea}} * [http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/CoIDPRK/Pages/CommissionInquiryonHRinDPRK.aspx Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea] official website * [http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/un-documents/dprk-north-korea/ UN Security Council Documents for DPRK (North Korea)] (UNSC Resolutions and statements) * [http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/dprk-north-korea/ UN Security Council Reports on the DPRK (North Korea)] (UNSC Reports) * Video: [http://www.c-span.org/video/?318849-1/human-rights-north-korea Keynote address at the Brookings Institution by Michael Kirby, chair of the UN Commission of Inquiry] * Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VIYTVlOb90 North Korea: The Human Rights and Security Nexus], a meeting to remember the second anniversary of the COI report * [http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/CoIDPRK/Pages/PublicHearings.aspx The Commission's Public Hearings (Programs, Videos, Transcripts)] * [http://www.weeklyblitz.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Report-9-14.pdf North Korea's rebuttal report on its human rights record] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629102508/http://www.weeklyblitz.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Report-9-14.pdf |date=2015-06-29 }} (Archived [https://web.archive.org/web/20150821153342/http://www.ncnk.org/resources/publications/Report_of_the_DPRK_Association_for_Human_Rights_Studies.pdf here], [https://web.archive.org/web/20150629102508/http://www.weeklyblitz.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Report-9-14.pdf here], and [https://archive.today/20161024003932/http://www.ncnk.org/resources/publications/Report_of_the_DPRK_Association_for_Human_Rights_Studies.pdf here]) *{{YouTube|RZ5ejcLnoTk|Summary: Freedom of thought and expression}} by the International Coalition to Stop Crimes Against Humanity in North Korea (ICNK) *{{YouTube|7h_QzfjsaV0|Summary: Violation of the freedom of religion |link=no}} by ICNK [[Category:Human rights]] [[Category:United Nations]] [[Category:Crimes against humanity]] 8xstuo3tvdbj50ukvo6bmf5qdp318pi 0 1198028 10368742 10340059 2025-07-03T02:26:17Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | show_name = Halfway Across the Galaxy and Turn Left | image = <!-- no free image available --> | genre = Comedy, Science fiction | country = Australia / Germany | language = English | num_seasons = 1 | num_episodes = 28 | original_release = 1991 (Australia) / 1993 (Germany) | starring = Lauren Hewett, Jeffrey Walker, Silvia Seidel, Bruce Myles, Jan Friedl, Kellie Smythe }} '''Halfway Across the Galaxy and Turn Left''' (German title: ''Quer durch die Galaxie und dann links'') is an Australian-German TV series for children and young people. It was first broadcast in Germany on April 4, 1993, on Sat.1. The show combines science fiction with family comedy. == Plot == The Jackson family are aliens who escape from their home planet Zygron and land on Earth. Their daughter X must learn how to live like a normal Earth teenager. Her smart brother Qwrk tries to help her, but the family is still hunted by enemies from their home planet. As they try to blend into human life, many funny and strange things happen. The series shows how difficult and funny it can be for aliens to live among humans. It has 28 episodes and tells the story with humor and imagination. == Reception == The show is known for its creative storytelling and funny characters. Viewers enjoyed how the alien family learned to understand human life. Even though the special effects were simple, the series stayed fun and interesting. The German website [https://www.fernsehserien.tv/quer-durch-die-galaxie-und-dann-links.shtml fernsehserien.tv] gave it a rating of 78 out of 100 points. == Cast == * Lauren Hewett as X * Jeffrey Walker as Qwrk * Silvia Seidel * Bruce Myles * Jan Friedl * Kellie Smythe == References == * [https://www.fernsehserien.tv/quer-durch-die-galaxie-und-dann-links.shtml Series page on fernsehserien.tv] == Other websites == * {{IMDb title|id=0387756|title=Halfway Across the Galaxy and Turn Left}} [[Category:Australian television series]] [[Category:Science fiction television series]] [[Category:Comedy television series]] [[Category:1991 television series debuts]] [[Category:Children's television series]] tm8y9kam42dkv60nefq9xyd98e40ha4 0 1198066 10368093 10359142 2025-07-02T18:52:24Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C /* Other websites */ 10368093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = | caption = | genre = [[Family drama]] | creator = [[Felicia D. Henderson]] | starring = [[Rockmond Dunbar]]<br>[[Darrin Henson|Darrin Dewitt Henson]]<br>[[Boris Kodjoe]]<br>[[Aaron Meeks]]<br>[[Nicole Ari Parker]]<br>[[Malinda Williams]]<br>[[Vanessa Estelle Williams]] | narrated = [[Aaron Meeks]] | opentheme = "The Way Love Goes", performed by:<br/>Al Green (season 1)<br>Al Green and [[Sy Smith]] (seasons 2–5) | country = United States | language = English | num_seasons = 5 | num_episodes = 74 | runtime = 60 minutes | company = {{Plainlist| * Water Walk Productions<br>(seasons 3–5) * [[Tracey Edmonds|Edmonds Entertainment]] * State Street Pictures * [[Fox 21 Television Studios|Fox Television Studios]]<br>(seasons 1–2) * [[20th Century Fox Television]]<br>(seasons 3–5) * [[Showtime Networks]] * [[Paramount Television|Paramount Network Television]] }} | network = [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]] | first_aired = {{Start date|2000|6|28}} | last_aired = {{End date|2004|5|26}} }} '''''Soul Food''''' is an American [[family drama]] series made for [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]]. It starred [[Rockmond Dunbar]], [[Darrin Henson|Darrin Dewitt Henson]], [[Boris Kodjoe]], [[Aaron Meeks]], [[Nicole Ari Parker]], [[Malinda Williams]], and [[Vanessa Estelle Williams]]. The show ran from June 28, 2000 until May 26, 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2004/05/26/soul-food-serves-up-its-last-dish/|access-date=June 18, 2025|title="Soul Food' serves up its last dish|publisher=[[Tampa Bay Times]]}}</ref> It is based on the 1997 movie of the [[Soul Food (movie)|same name]]. The series follows the Josephs, who live in [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]]. It shows the challenges they face after the death of the sisters' mother Josephine. Despite them, they still come together for dinner as a family.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/tv/story/2020-06-29/soul-food-20th-anniversary-showtime-empire-power-greenleaf|access-date=June 18, 2025|title=Hollywood put up plenty of obstacles. ‘Soul Food’ still became a Black TV pioneer|publisher=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> The series won many [[NAACP Image Awards]]. In 2001, it won Outstanding Youth Actor/Actress for Aaron Meeks. In 2002, it won Outstanding Drama Series, Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for Debbi Morgan, and Outstanding Youth Actor/Actress for Aaron Meeks. In 2003, it won Outstanding Drama Series and Outstanding Actress in a Drama Series for Vanessa A. Williams, and in 2004, it won Outstanding Drama Series.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naacpimageawards.net/media/35thnominees.html|access-date=June 18, 2025|title=Official List of 35th NAACP Image Awards Nominations|publisher=[[NAACP Image Awards]]|archive-date=March 12, 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040312072443/http://www.naacpimageawards.net/media/35thnominees.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naacpimageawards.net/36thImageAwards/nominees.html|access-date=June 18, 2025|title=Official List of 36th NAACP Image Awards Nominations|publisher=[[NAACP Image Awards]]|archive-date=April 8, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050408071528/http://www.naacpimageawards.net/36thImageAwards/nominees.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{IMDb title|0248655}} {{TV-stub}} [[Category:2000s American drama television series]] [[Category:2000 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2004 American television series endings]] [[Category:American drama television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:Television series set in Chicago]] ht4zzho7nm8ubbgyuoqb8lx6hruh6j1 0 1198298 10368711 10342588 2025-07-03T02:17:10Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{dead end|date=July 2025}} {{Uncategorized|date=July 2025}} '''Department Q''' is a series of Danish crime thriller movies based on the novels by Jussi Adler-Olsen. The series follows detective Carl Mørck and his assistant Assad as they investigate cold cases in Copenhagen. == Overview == The first movie, ''The Keeper of Lost Causes'' (original title: ''Kvinden i buret''), was released in 2013. It was followed by three more films: ''The Absent One'' (2014), ''A Conspiracy of Faith'' (2016), and ''The Purity of Vengeance'' (2018). In each case, Carl and Assad solve dark and complex crimes involving political secrets and personal tragedies. A new adaptation of the series started production in 2023, produced by Zentropa, with different actors and a new tone. == Main cast == * Nikolaj Lie Kaas as Carl Mørck (2013–2018) * Fares Fares as Assad (2013–2018) * Ulrich Thomsen as Carl Mørck (2023 reboot) * Zaki Youssef as Assad (2023 reboot) == References == * [https://www.fernsehserien.tv/dept-q.shtml Department Q – Series overview on Fernsehserien.tv] * [https://www.fernsehserien.tv/dept-q-besetzung.shtml Complete cast list for Department Q films] == Other websites == * [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2438644/ Department Q on IMDb] 7vf9oj74rbscjg3szzuoxo49lgfivs0 0 1198394 10368865 10352430 2025-07-03T03:30:23Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uncategorized|date=July 2025}} {{Merge to|Prince of Asturias}} '''Princess of Asturias''' ({{lang-es|Princesa de Asturias}}) is a [[Title|royal title]] held by a female person who is next in line to the Spanish throne. Along with the Principality of Asturias, the title includes a series of other historical dignities, such as Princess of Girona, Princess of Viana, Duchess of Montblanc, Countess of Cervera, and Lady of Balaguer. The current holder of the title is Leonor, Princess of Asturias, daughter of King Felipe VI and Queen Letizia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=InicioCastellano - Casa Real|url=https://www.casareal.es/ES/Paginas/Home.aspx|access-date=2025-06-19|website=www.casareal.es}}</ref> == History == === Origins of the title === The title of Prince (and subsequently Princess) of Asturias was created in 1388 for Henry (later Henry III of Castile), the eldest son of John I of Castile and Eleanor of Aragon. This was a result of the Treaty of Bayonne, which aimed to end the Castilian Civil War and resolve the dynastic conflict between the House of Trastámara and the House of Lancaster (represented by John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster). As part of the peace agreement, Henry was betrothed to Catherine of Lancaster, John of Gaunt's daughter.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prince and princess {{!}} Definition, Countries, History, & Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/prince-title|access-date=2025-06-19|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> The creation of the title was inspired by the English model of the Prince of Wales, and it served to formally recognize the heir's unique position and prerogatives. The Principality of Asturias, in northern Spain, was chosen as the territorial designation for the title. === Evolution and significance === Throughout the centuries, the title of Prince or Princess of Asturias has been consistently held by the direct heir to the Spanish crown. It signifies the holder's position as the future monarch and their preparedness to assume the responsibilities of the head of state.<ref>{{Cite web|title=HRH the Princess of Asturias, Princess Leonor de Borbón y Ortiz|url=https://www.fpa.es/en/hrh-the-princess-of-asturias/|access-date=2025-06-19|website=www.fpa.es|language=en}}</ref> During the various historical periods of Spain, including the Habsburg and Bourbon dynasties, the title has remained a symbol of the monarchy's continuity and succession. The powers and duties associated with the heir have varied, but the title itself has always conveyed the expectation of future sovereignty.<ref name="royalcentral.co.uk">{{Cite web|date=2023-08-09|title=Why the heir to the throne of Spain is known as the Princess of Asturias - Royal Central|url=https://royalcentral.co.uk/europe/spain/why-the-heir-to-the-throne-of-spain-is-known-as-the-princess-of-asturias-192134/|access-date=2025-06-19|language=en-GB}}</ref> === Succession of princesses === While the title has predominantly been held by male heirs (Princes of Asturias), it has been held by female heirs presumptive or apparent when no male heir was available or when succession laws permitted. Notable historical Princesses of Asturias include:<ref name="Leonor, Princess of Asturias">{{Citation|title=Leonor, Princess of Asturias|date=2025-06-13|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leonor,_Princess_of_Asturias&oldid=1295447258|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2025-06-19}}</ref> * '''Isabella of Castile (later Isabella I, Queen of Castile):''' Though she inherited the throne as Queen, she was for a period the heir presumptive. * '''Joanna of Castile (later Joanna I, Queen of Castile and Aragon):''' Daughter of Isabella I and Ferdinand II, she became Princess of Asturias upon the death of her older siblings. * '''Isabella II of Spain:''' She held the title as Princess of Asturias before becoming Queen in 1833. == Current holder == The current{{when}} Princess of Asturias is '''Leonor de Borbón y Ortiz''', born on 31 October 2005. She became Princess of Asturias on 19 June 2014, upon the ascension of her father, Felipe VI, to the throne. As the elder daughter of the King and Queen Letizia, she is the heir apparent to the Spanish throne.<ref name="Leonor, Princess of Asturias"/> == Associated titles == In addition to Princess of Asturias, the heir to the Spanish crown holds a series of other traditional titles that reflect the historical unity of the Spanish kingdoms:<ref name="royalcentral.co.uk"/> * '''Princess of Girona:''' Heir to the former Crown of Aragon, encompassing Catalonia, Valencia, and the Balearic Islands. * '''Princess of Viana:''' Heir to the former Kingdom of Navarre. * '''Duchess of Montblanc:''' A ducal title associated with the Catalan nobility. * '''Countess of Cervera:''' A comital title also linked to Catalonia. * '''Lady of Balaguer:''' A lesser title associated with the territories of the Crown of Aragon. These combined titles underscore the historical depth and territorial breadth of the Spanish monarchy's heritage. == Duties and public role == While the Princess of Asturias does not hold any executive or legislative power, her role is significant in a symbolic and representative capacity. Her duties typically include:<ref name=":0"/> * '''Public Appearances:''' Representing the monarchy at various official events, both domestically and internationally. * '''Cultural and Social Engagements:''' Participating in activities related to culture, education, and social welfare. * '''Military Training:''' Following a tradition for future monarchs, the Princess is expected to undergo military training to prepare for her future role as Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces. * '''Foundation Princess of Asturias:''' She is the honorary president of the Princess of Asturias Foundation (formerly Prince of Asturias Foundation), which annually awards the prestigious Princess of Asturias Awards (formerly Prince of Asturias Awards) in various fields, including arts, sciences, social sciences, and sports. The Princess's public profile typically increases as she matures, preparing her for her eventual role as Queen.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Princess of Asturias Foundation|url=https://www.fpa.es/en/the-foundation/the-princess-of-asturias-foundation/|access-date=2025-06-19|website=www.fpa.es|language=en}}</ref> == Regalia and insignia == Unlike some other European heir apparents, there are no specific crowns or regalia exclusively associated with the Princess of Asturias. However, symbols associated with the Spanish monarchy and the Royal House are implicitly linked to her status.<ref name=":0" /> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * [https://www.casareal.es/ES/Paginas/Home.aspx Official Website of the Spanish Royal House] * [https://www.fpa.es/en/ Princess of Asturias Foundation] kybycovo5x06meutue4zrlxoocjvayx 0 1198447 10368764 10343893 2025-07-03T02:35:44Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368764 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = John Torode | image = John Torode Masterchef Live 2010.jpg | caption = | other_names = | birth_name = John Douglas Torode | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1965|7|23}} | birth_place = [[Melbourne]], [[Australia]]<ref name=debretts>{{Cite web | title = John Torode, Esq | url = http://www.debretts.com/people/biographies/browse/t/26302/John+TORODE.aspx | publisher = Debrett's | access-date = 14 September 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130324054805/http://www.debretts.com/people/biographies/browse/t/26302/John+TORODE.aspx | archive-date = 24 March 2013 | url-status = live }}</ref> | death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|death_year|death_month|death_day|birth_year|birth_month|birth_day}} --> | death_place = | occupation = Broadcaster, chef, restaurateur | years_active = 1990s–present | known_for = ''[[MasterChef UK]]'' }} '''John Douglas Torode''' (born 23 July 1965, [[Melbourne]]) is an [[Australia]]n [[chef]] and restaurateur. He moved to [[England]] in the 1990s and began working in the restaurants of the Conran Group. He first appeared on television on [[ITV]]'s ''This Morning'', and in 2005 began co-hosting [[BBC One]]'s ''MasterChef'' UK. He is also the author of several cookbooks. == Life == Torode was born in Victoria, Melbourne, as the youngest of three boys, but lost his mother at the age of four. In his early teens, he learned to cook in [[Maitland, Florida|Maitland]] with his brother Andrew and their grandmother.<ref name="foodies">{{Cite news|last=Whittle|first=Natalie|date=19 March 2012|title=FT Foodies: John Torode|newspaper=Financial Times|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/c1973062-9fb4-11e1-8b84-00144feabdc0.html#axzz26T1ZMkGc|url-status=live|access-date=14 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222133942/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/c1973062-9fb4-11e1-8b84-00144feabdc0.html#axzz26T1ZMkGc|archive-date=22 February 2014}}</ref> He later lived with his father and brothers in Edithvale, Melbourne, though his father was often away due to work.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Wallaston|first=Sam|date=2 September 2009|title=John Torode: the Master|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/sep/02/john-torode-masterchef|url-status=live|access-date=14 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002202956/http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/sep/02/john-torode-masterchef|archive-date=2 October 2013}}</ref> He apprenticed in various restaurants. As a child, his favorite food was fried [[chicken]], but in later years he said he preferred lamb [[chops]] after working in restaurants.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dixon|first=Rachel|date=21 October 2008|title=Table talk|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2008/oct/21/john-torode-table-talk|url-status=live|access-date=14 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228211825/http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2008/oct/21/john-torode-table-talk|archive-date=28 February 2014}}</ref> In 2005, he became a judge on the [[BBC]] cooking competition ''MasterChef UK'' alongside [[Gregg Wallace]].<ref name="bankingfacility">{{Cite news|last=Hall|first=James|date=6 April 2011|title=Masterchef star John Torode gets Barclays facility|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/yourbusiness/8433046/Masterchef-star-John-Torode-gets-Barclays-facility.html|url-status=live|access-date=14 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111217124953/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/yourbusiness/8433046/Masterchef-star-John-Torode-gets-Barclays-facility.html|archive-date=17 December 2011}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * {{Official website|http://www.johntorode.com/}} * {{Twitter|JohnTorode1}} * {{IMDb name}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Torode, John Douglas}} [[Category:1965 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Australian television presenters]] 1aig13c6s35eu9rve7uuxyo8cosp47e 0 1198499 10368910 10344271 2025-07-03T03:59:11Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Protected area | name = Titicaca | photo = Titikaka_Uros.jpg | photo_caption = the [[Uros]] floating islands on Lake Titicaca, Puno | location = [[Puno Region]], [[Puno Province]], [[Huancané Province]], [[Peru]] | nearest_city = | coordinates = {{coord|15|50|11|S|69|20|19|W|region:PE-PUN_type:landmark_source:kolossus-dewiki|display=inline,title}} | area = 36.180 ha | established = | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body = |map=Peru|relief=yes}} The '''Titicaca National Reservation''' is a protected park in the [[Puno Region]], [[Peru]]. It is in [[Puno Province|Puno]] and [[Huancané Province|Huancané]] provinces. People made it a park to preserve the [[ecosystem|natural things]] and [[landscape|beautiful land]] of [[Lake Titicaca]] and other places near it. These places are [[Central Andean wet puna]] [[ecoregion]]s.<ref name="ecoregion">{{cite journal |author = Olson, D. M, E. Dinerstein |title = Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth |journal = [[BioScience]] |year = 2001 |volume = 51 |issue = 11 |pages = 933–938 |doi = 10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2 |display-authors = etal |doi-access = free }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == * [http://media.peru.info/mapas/puno.jpg Map of the Puno Region showing the two parts of Titicaca National Reservation] * [http://www.enjoyperu.com/naturaleza/reservas-nacion/titicaca/index2.htm www.enjoyperu.com / Titicaca National Reservation] (Spanish) {{geo-stub}} [[Category:National parks]] [[Category:Peru]] e9i0z6gt8k5wngq20usla8g9me1xiiw 3 1198608 10369324 10345863 2025-07-03T09:44:23Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 Caution: Vandalism on [[Bindi the Jungle Girl]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369324 wikitext text/x-wiki == June 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make helpful changes to Wikipedia. However, some of [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|your changes]], like those to "[[:First Fleet]]", did not seem to be helpful and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 21:47, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> [[File:Information.svg|25px]] Please do not make unhelpful changes to Wikipedia, like you did to [[:Koala]]. The changes you made seem to be [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]] and have been [[Help:Revert a page|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism2 --> [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 21:48, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> [[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|25px]]Your [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|recent changes]] are vandalism and are not acceptable on Wikipedia. Please stop. If you continue to [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalize]], you may be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing pages on Wikipedia. <!-- Template:Uw-vandalism3 --> [[User:NX3710|NX3710]] ([[User talk:NX3710|talk]]) 22:06, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of Kristen Li== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Kristen Li]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Kristen Li}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a3|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 00:20, 21 June 2025 (UTC) [[File:Stop hand nuvola.svg|30px]] Your [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|recent changes]] are vandalism, and this shows that you want to harm Wikipedia. This is your '''last warning'''. If you [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalize]] Wikipedia again, you may be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing Wikipedia. <!-- Template:Uw-vandalism4 --> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 00:20, 21 June 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> <div class="user-block" style="padding: 5px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #a9a9a9; background-color: #ffefd5; min-height: 40px"> [[File:Stop x nuvola with clock.svg|40px|left|alt=|link=]] You have been '''[[Wikipedia:Blocks and bans|blocked]]''' from changing [[Wikipedia]] for '''31 hours''' for [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]]. Once the block has ended you can make [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style|helpful changes]]. Please read [[Wikipedia:Blocks and bans|Wikipedia's blocking policy]] and remember that adding [[Wikipedia:Spam|spam]], making changes that do not have a [[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|neutral point of view]], [[Wikipedia:Be kind|making personal attacks on others]], not respecting other people's [[Wikipedia:Privacy policy|privacy]], and [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalizing]] pages are not allowed. If you do any of these things, you will be blocked again. If you think this block is unfair, you can ask to be unblocked by adding <!-- Copy the text as it appears on your page, not as it appears in this edit area. -->{{tltt|Unblock|par=''your reason here''}} below. If you cannot do this or the reason is private please send an e-mail to [mailto:simple-admins-l@lists.wikimedia.org '''simple-admins-l@lists.wikimedia.org'''] and an administrator will look at your reason and reply. You may want to read [[Wikipedia:Guide to appealing blocks|our guide to unblock requests]] before asking to be unblocked. [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 06:23, 21 June 2025 (UTC)</div><!-- Template:uw-block1 --> :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> == July 2025 == [[File:Information.svg|25px]] Please do not make unhelpful changes to Wikipedia, like you did to [[:Bindi the Jungle Girl]]. The changes you made seem to be [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]] and have been [[Help:Revert a page|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism2 --> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 09:44, 3 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> 5t91n5pxlk46lgsrfd2ypphvh5mubfp 0 1198658 10368734 10345704 2025-07-03T02:23:40Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uncategorized|date=July 2025}} {{Use American English|date=June 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}} {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Fredonia, Texas |settlement_type = [[Neighborhood]] |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |pushpin_map = Texas#USA |pushpin_label = Fredonia <!-- Location --> |subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] |subdivision_name1 = Texas |subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Texas|County]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Gregg County, Texas|Gregg]] |subdivision_type3 = [[City]] |subdivision_name3 = [[Kilgore, Texas|Kilgore]] <!-- Government --> |established_title = Joined Kilgore |established_date = December 13, 2011<ref name="annex">{{Cite web |date=December 19, 2011 |title=Kilgore Announces Annexation of Fredonia |url=https://kilgore.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=953e008ebb35420097e71f3e73dc56d0 |access-date=June 7, 2025 |publisher=City of Kilgore}}</ref> <!-- General information --> |timezone = [[Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]] |utc_offset = −6 |timezone_DST = CDT |utc_offset_DST = −5 |elevation_ft = 364 |coordinates = {{coord|32|24|14|N|94|47|46|W|region:US-TX|display=inline,title}} |area_code = [[Area codes 430 and 903|430 & 903]] |blank_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID |blank_info = 1378325<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|1378325}}</ref> |footnotes = }} '''Fredonia''' is a neighborhood in [[Kilgore, Texas]]. It is in [[Gregg County, Texas|Gregg County]] in [[East Texas]]. Fredonia became part of Kilgore on December 13, 2011.<ref name="annex"/> People still use the name Fredonia for this area. ==History== ===Name origin=== The name "Fredonia" comes from the 1826–27 [[Fredonian Rebellion]]. This was an early attempt by Texas settlers to become independent from Mexico. The name was later used for this community.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fredonian Rebellion |publisher=Handbook of Texas Online / Texas State Historical Association |access-date=June 7, 2025 |url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/fredonian-rebellion}}</ref> ===Early settlement=== In 1838, a town was planned at a ferry crossing on the [[Sabine River (Texas–Louisiana)|Sabine River]]. By the 1850s, Fredonia had: * A ferry service (started 1843) * A bridge (built 1884) * Warehouses, homes, and a post office * About 40–50 buildings * Cotton warehouses and steamboats<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fredonia, TX (Gregg County) |publisher=Texas State Historical Association |access-date=June 7, 2025 |url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/fredonia-tx-gregg-county}}</ref> ===Changes after railroads came=== When railroads were built in the 1870s–1880s, they went through [[Kilgore, Texas|Kilgore Station]] instead of Fredonia. This caused: * The Fredonia post office to close (1859) * People and businesses to move to Kilgore * Fredonia to become a smaller community<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fredonia, TX (Gregg County) |publisher=TSHA |access-date=June 7, 2025 |url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/fredonia-tx-gregg-county}}</ref> ===Joining Kilgore=== In 2011, Kilgore added Fredonia to its city. This gave Fredonia residents: * Access to Kilgore city services * Better roads and utilities * Representation in city government * Participation in Kilgore's growth Some residents had questions about taxes, but Kilgore worked with them on a gradual plan.<ref name="annexation2011">{{cite web |title=Fredonia residents question Kilgore annexation |url=https://www.news-journal.com/news/local/fredonia-residents-question-kilgore-annexation/article_a96b39bc-4ddc-555b-b968-a00336e72d72.html |website=Longview News-Journal |date=November 9, 2011 |access-date=June 13, 2025}}</ref> Today, Fredonia is a valued part of Kilgore with its own history. ==Geography== Fredonia is in northwest Kilgore, near: * Interstate 20 * Farm Road 2087 * The Sabine River It has houses and green spaces. ==Culture== * A '''historical marker''' tells about Fredonia's past * Kilgore preserves Fredonia's history while providing modern services * The area shows how East Texas communities grew around transportation routes ==Related pages== * [[Kilgore, Texas]] ==References== <references /> ==Other websites== * [https://www.kilgoretexas.org/ Official website of the City of Kilgore] {{Gregg County, Texas}} mqztcih7g9d5ji44ynw2dnfohxa14ai 0 1198697 10368860 10357073 2025-07-03T03:27:17Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox Biography | honorific_prefix = Reminiscier Dr. | name = Prashant Madanmohan | image = Reminiscier_Dr.Prashant_Madanmohan_Leander.jpg | caption = Reminiscier Dr.Prashant Madanmohan Leander 2025 at launch of The God of Deserted Memories book and art exhibition, First Indo-Armenian-French Art Literary Confluence | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1985|07|31}} | birth_place = Thanjavur | alma_mater = Yerevan State Medical University, Armenia Madras Medical College, Chennai, National Board of Exams, New Delhi | occupation = Orthopaedic Surgeon,Author,Cultural Curator,Editor | notable_works = The God Of Deserted Memories | website = {{URL|https://cognishift.org}} }} Dr. '''Prashant Madanmohan''', known by his pen name Dr. Leander, born in Thanjavur (Tamil Nadu), is an Indian orthopedic surgeon, author, and health innovator. He is the founder of the Cognishift.org platform, which promotes exchanges between medicine, philosophy and the arts.He is primarily recognized for his work on cognitive control, memory, and philosophy applied to medicine.<ref>{{Cite web|last=P|first=Apurva|date=2025-05-10|title=This art exhibition by Mari Poghosyan explores cross-cultural memories and identity|url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/culture/art/2025/May/10/this-art-exhibition-by-mari-poghosyan-explores-cross-cultural-memories-and-identity|access-date=2025-05-28|website=Indulgexpress|language=en}}</ref> == Biography == Dr. Prashant Madanmohan completed his medical studies at Yerevan State Medical University, where he obtained a degree in medicine. He is registered in the Indian Medical Register.He continued his training in India at the Madras Medical College and obtained certification for the DNB exam in orthopedics from the National Board of Examinations in New Delhi. == Medical and scientific career == He also published many works on preparing for competitive examinations for subspecialty exams in orthopedics.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Orthopaedics NEET-SS|url=https://www.amazon.in/dp/8195032230|publisher=Mentorexam}}</ref> Initially a practicing orthopedist, he developed an interest in cognitive enhancement techniques, which he explored in his book ''The Monk With A Stethoscope'' (2023).<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Monk With A Stethoscope|url=https://www.amazon.in/dp/8195032524|publisher=Amazon}}</ref> == Literary works == Prashant Madanmohan's literary work combines spirituality, history, and memory. He is notably the author of: * ''The Monk With A Stethoscope'' (2023), a philosophical memoir on the mastery of mind and memory <ref name="Amazon">{{Cite web|title=Amazon|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0CH6V5HML}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=ՀՈԱԿ|url=http://www.isahakyanlibrary.am/index-eng.html|access-date=2025-05-25|website=www.isahakyanlibrary.am}}</ref> * ''Armenian Spiritual Sanctuaries'' (2023), on Armenian monasteries, supported by the Indian Embassy in Armenia.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Prashant Madanmohan and his artist wife Mari Poghosyan at Avetik Isahakyan Central Library on 24 May 2024. Home. About Us. External Affairs Minister ...|url=https://eoiyerevan.gov.in/gallery-28-05-24-01.php|access-date=2025-05-25|website=eoiyerevan.gov.in}}</ref> * ''Armenian Legacy in India'' (2024), a cultural study supported by the Avetik Isahakyan Cultural Center. * ''The God of Deserted Memories'' (2025), a novel about shared memory between India, France and Armenia <ref>{{Cite web|title=ThePrint|url=https://theprint.in/...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Armenian Legacy in India|url=https://eoiyerevan.gov.in/error.php|access-date=2025-05-28|website=eoiyerevan.gov.in}}</ref> He is also the author of a biography of Armenian impressionist artist Lems Nersisyan published in 2023 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Lems Nersisyan|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0D8H48WNW}}</ref> == CogniShift == In 2023, he founded Cognishift.org, an institute promoting transdisciplinary dialogues between medicine, memory, art and philosophy. The organization also launched the ''CogniShift Excellence Awards''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Business Standard|url=https://www.business-standard.com/...}}</ref> === Literary contributions === Prashant Madanmohan writes under the pseudonym "Dr. Leander » and is the author of:<ref name=":1" /> The Monk with a Stethoscope (2023): a philosophical memoir book.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Amazon|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0CK6K8K2R}}</ref> Armenian Spiritual Sanctuaries - The Armenian Spiritual Sanctuaries, a comprehensive study of Armenian monasteries, was sponsored by the Embassy of India in Yerevan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Business Standard.|url=https://www.business-standard.com/content/press-releases-ani/cognishift-org-excellence-awards-the-god-of-deserted-memories-book-art-exhibition-lalit-kala-akademi-ministry-of-culture-india-chennai-2025-125052100563_1.html}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=PR|first=ANI|date=2025-05-21|title=Cognishift.org Excellence Awards- The God of Deserted Memories Book & Art Exhibition, Lalit Kala Akademi, Ministry of Culture, India, Chennai 2025|url=https://theprint.in/ani-press-releases/cognishift-org-excellence-awards-the-god-of-deserted-memories-book-art-exhibition-lalit-kala-akademi-ministry-of-culture-india-chennai-2025/2632620/|access-date=2025-05-25|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref> Armenian Legacy in India - Armenian Heritage in India (2024) was sponsored by the Avetik Isahakyan Central Cultural Centre ,Armenia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Amazon|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0F6ZSG2KR}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Pathway|first=Forward|date=2025-05-24|title=Cross-Cultural Art Practices: Reshaping Identity and Heritage in the Digital Age|url=https://www.forwardpathway.us/cross-cultural-art-practices-reshaping-identity-and-heritage-in-the-digital-age|access-date=2025-05-25|website=Forward Pathway|language=en-US}}</ref> he God of Deserted Memories (2025) is a novel that explores the French-Armenian-Indian cultural heritage. His presentation at the Lalit Kala Akademi in Chennai was covered by the ''Business Standard'' and ''ThePrint'', and diplomatic missions of France and Armenia congratulated him.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cognishift.org Excellence Awards- The God of Deserted Memories Book & Art Exhibition, Lalit Kala Akademi, Ministry of Culture, India, Chennai 2025|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/business/cognishift-org-excellence-awards-the-god-of-deserted-memories-book-art-exhibition-lalit-kala-akademi-ministry-of-culture-india-chennai-2025/|access-date=2025-05-25|website=The Tribune|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ANI|url=https://www.aninews.in/topic/cross-disciplinary-dais}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-01-05|title=Surb Tsnund! The Armenian Christmas is here|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/celebrate-surb-tsnund-armenian-christmas-in-chennai-on-january-6/articleshow/106559884.cms|journal=The Times of India|access-date=2025-05-25}}</ref> He also wrote about the [[Armenian genocide|Armenian Genocide]] . The book was critically acclaimed by renowned artist Lems Nersisyan.<ref name=":2"/> He also wrote a biography of Armenian artist-educator Lems Nersisyan in English in 2023 in Chennai, India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Amazon|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0D8H48WNW}}</ref> Dr. Prashant Madanmohan is the author of The Monk with a Stethoscope, which combines medical knowledge with spiritual wisdom, offering insights into mind control, memory mastery, and the transcendental plane of existence.<ref name="Amazon" /> In the book, he writes about the legacy of [[Armenia]] and the rich culture of the Armenian people. His inspirational stories from his stay in Armenia. '''Critical reception''' An article published in Forward Pathway magazine, “Intercultural artistic practices: reshaping identity and heritage in the digital age", salutes Dr. Madanmohan's contribution to the fusion of traditional motifs and new media forms as "a functional bridge between the past and the present", highlighting his influence on literary and artistic communities.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sorry for the inconvenience.|url=https://eoiyerevan.gov.in/error.php|access-date=2025-05-25|website=eoiyerevan.gov.in}}</ref> Prashant Madanmohan also coordinated : * "The God of Deserted Memories" Saturday Art and Literature Festival held at Lalit Kala Akademi in May 2025, presenting 42 original works by Mari Poghosyan and featuring diplomats from France and Armenia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cognishift.org Excellence Awards- The God of Deserted Memories Book & Art Exhibition, Lalit Kala Akademi, Ministry of Culture, India, Chennai 2025|url=https://www.francenetworktimes.com/news/cognishiftorg-excellence-awards-the-god-of-deserted-memories-book-art-exhibition-lalit-kala-akademi-ministry-of-culture-india-chennai-202520250521110015/|access-date=2025-05-25|website=France Network Times|language=en}}</ref> * the annual Monalisa D'Amour Awards (May 2025), which celebrated the work of women writers and artists ; was covered by ANI News.<ref name=":3" /> * Indo-Armenian Christmas celebrations (January 2025) at the Armenian Church in Chennai, with the participation of prominent Indian and Armenian diplomats <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.amazon.in/ORTHOPAEDICS-NEET-SS-MCQS-Dr-Prashant-Madanmohan/dp/8195032230|title=ORTHOPAEDICS FET NEET-SS MCQS|last=Madanmohan|first=Prashant|publisher=Mentorexam|isbn=978-81-950322-3-5|language=en}}</ref> * Diplomatic Art Exhibition at the Embassy of India in Yerevan (May 2024).<ref name="india.mfa.am">{{Cite web|title=109th anniversary of the Armenian Genocide|url=https://india.mfa.am/en/news/2024/04/24/109th%20anniversary%20of%20the%20Armenian%20Genocide/13526|access-date=2025-05-25|website=india.mfa.am|language=hy}}</ref> * French-Armenian-Indian Artistic and Literary Dialogue Event at the Lalit Kala Akademi (2025).<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-04-24|title=Armenian artist’s works to be exhibited in Chennai|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/armenian-artists-works-to-be-exhibited-in-chennai/articleshow/109538640.cms|journal=The Times of India|access-date=2025-05-25}}</ref> === Scientific contributions === Dr. Prashant Madanmohan has been involved in many scientific works and journal publications.<ref name="ResearchGate">{{Cite web|title=Dr. Prashant Madan Mohan’s scientific contributions|url=https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Dr-Prashant-Madan-Mohan-2165683476|language=en}}.</ref> He is the author of books on [[Orthopedic surgery|orthopedics]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Amazon.in|url=https://www.amazon.in/ORTHOPAEDICS-NEET-SS-MCQS-Dr-Prashant-Madanmohan/dp/8195032230|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226142312/https://www.amazon.in/ORTHOPAEDICS-NEET-SS-MCQS-Dr-Prashant-Madanmohan/dp/8195032230|archive-date=2024-12-26|access-date=2025-05-25|website=www.amazon.in|language=en-us|url-status=live}}</ref> Prashant Madanmohan: * Guest speaker at the 109th anniversary of the Armenian Genocide (New Delhi, 2024).<ref name="india.mfa.am"/> * Honored by Indo-Armenian community leaders and cultural organizations.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-04-24|title=Armenian artist’s works to be exhibited in Chennai|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/armenian-artists-works-to-be-exhibited-in-chennai/articleshow/109538640.cms|journal=The Times of India|issn=0971-8257|access-date=2025-05-25}}</ref> * Scientific contributions.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr. Prashant Madan Mohan's research works|url=https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Dr-Prashant-Madan-Mohan-2165683476|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005143038/https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Dr-Prashant-Madan-Mohan-2165683476|archive-date=2023-10-05|access-date=2025-05-25|website=ResearchGate|language=en|url-status=live}}</ref> == Awards & Recognition == Best Orthopaedic Educator award 2023<ref>{{Cite web|title=Best Orthopaedic Educator Award 2023|url=https://www.mentorexam.com/s/pages/best-orthopaedic-educator-award}}</ref> 2024 – Honorary title, Republic of Armenia , Conferred title “Arvestaget”, for contributions to Armenian Culture, language and literature.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome to Embassy of India, Yerevan, Armenia|url=https://https//eoiyerevan.gov.in/gallery-28-05-24-01.php|access-date=2025-06-22|website=perma.cc|language=en-us|archive-date=2025-06-22|archive-url=https://perma-archives.org/warc/20250622050608/https://eoiyerevan.gov.in/gallery-28-05-24-01.php|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ՀՈԱԿ|url=https://https//www.isahakyanlibrary.am/index.html|access-date=2025-06-22|website=perma.cc|language=en-us|archive-date=2025-06-22|archive-url=https://perma-archives.org/warc/20250622050628/https://www.isahakyanlibrary.am/index.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=tert.nla.am|url=https://https//tert.nla.am/archive/NLA%20AMSAGIR/Arvestaget2018/2018(2)_ocr.pdf|access-date=2025-06-22|website=perma.cc|language=en-us|archive-date=2025-06-22|archive-url=https://perma-archives.org/warc/20250622050657/https://tert.nla.am/archive/NLA%20AMSAGIR/Arvestaget2018/2018(2)_ocr.pdf|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> The Dr.Apparajoo LMS OBE Scholarship<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Dr.Apparajoo LMS OBE Scholarship|url=https://www.doctorleander.com/apparajooscholarship|access-date=2025-06-22|website=Dr Leander Prashant|language=en}}</ref> Reminiscier Fellowship 2025 Global cultural council.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Indo–Armenian–French Art & Literary Confluence - Global Cultural Council|url=https://https//globalculturalcouncil.org/first-indo-armenian-french-art-literary-confluence/|access-date=2025-06-22|website=perma.cc|language=en-us|archive-date=2025-06-22|archive-url=https://perma-archives.org/warc/20250622060624/https://globalculturalcouncil.org/first-indo-armenian-french-art-literary-confluence/|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> [[File:Arvestaget Title.jpg|none|thumb|Arvestaget Title Dr. Prashant Madanmohan ,Republic of Armenia]] [[File:Dr. Prashant Madanmohan Guest speaker Republic of Armenia.jpg|none|thumb|Dr. Prashant Madanmohan , Republic of Armenia]] [[File:Global Cultural Council Reminiscier Fellowship Indo Armenian French Art Literary Confluence 2025.jpg|none|thumb|Global Cultural Council Reminiscier Fellowship Indo Armenian French Art Literary Confluence 2025]] == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://cognishift.org/ Cognishift.org] * [https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/43849986.Dr_Prashant_Madanmohan Goodreads Author] * [https://amazon.in/Dr-Prashant-Madanmohan/e/B01GBKAFB6/ref=aufs_dp_fta_an_dsk Amazon Author] * [[imdbname:17173871|Imdb]] * [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Ejbwn6MAAAAJ Google Scholar] [[Category:1985 births]] [[Category:Indian writers]] [[Category:Living people]] hq0cf0mfdev59k35wgagwhxvi7iqz0c 14 1198734 10368140 10349280 2025-07-02T19:37:41Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 rmv popcat 10368140 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Year nationality television series debuts or endings category}} 353bzycojs84ow7tyilupase9c6kl7w 0 1198796 10368699 10363990 2025-07-03T02:12:50Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|Evidence not shown that this is a notable crime; all coverage provided in sources is local in nature and pretty typical of a crime of its nature.}} {{Infobox civilian attack|location='''Murder of Callie Brunett:'''<br>[[Loranger, Louisiana]], U.S.<br>'''Kidnappings of Erin and Jalie Brunett:'''<br>[[Jackson, Mississippi]], U.S.|perpetrators=|injuries=Jalie Brunett|weapon=[[Knife]] (Callie)|accused=[[Daniel Callihan]]<br>Victoria Cox|time-begin=8:30 a.m.|time-end=5:39 p.m.|time=|timezone=[[UTC−05:00]]|date={{Start date|2024|6|12}} – {{End date|2024|6|13}}|type=[[Murder]], [[kidnapping]], [[child theft]], [[homicide]], [[stabbing]], [[sexual assault]], [[carjacking]], [[homicide|double homicide]]|fatalities=2 (Callie and Erin Brunett)|charges='''Callihan:''' * [[Murder in Louisiana law|First-degree murder]] (2 counts) * [[Aggravation (law)|Aggravated]] [[kidnapping]] of a child * [[Kidnapping|Second-degree kidnapping]] * Sexual battery (3 counts) * [[Kidnapping]] (2 counts) * Receiving stolen property (1 count) '''Cox:''' * [[Murder in Louisiana law|First-degree murder]] * [[Aggravation (law)|Aggravated]] [[kidnapping]] of a child * [[Kidnapping|Second-degree kidnapping]] * [[Capital murder]] * Sexual battery * [[Kidnapping]]|map={{infobox mapframe|coord={{coord|32|17|51|N|90|12|27|W}}|frame-width=250 |zoom=15}}|map_caption=Location of [[Jackson, Mississippi]]|motive={{hlist|Relationship issues|[[sexual assault]]|intent to kidnap<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lowrey|first=Erin|date=2025-06-14|title=Loranger mother, child honored one year after brutal killings|url=https://www.wdsu.com/article/louisiana-loranger-callie-erin-brunett-one-year-later/65057526|access-date=2025-06-22|website=WDSU|language=en}}</ref>|[[sex slavery]]}}|target=|coordinates={{coord|32|17|51|N|90|12|27|W}}|susperps=|perpetrator=[[Daniel Callihan]]|susperp=Victoria Cox|victims=Callie Brunett (succeeded)<br>Jalie Brunett (injured, yet failed)<br>Erin Brunett (succeeded)}} On June 13, 2024, 4-year-old Erin Brunett and 6-year-old Jalie Brunett were [[Kidnapping|kidnapped]] and taken to [[Jackson, Mississippi]], where Erin was found [[deceased]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lowrey|first=Erin|date=2025-06-14|title=Loranger mother, child honored one year after brutal killings|url=https://www.wdsu.com/article/louisiana-loranger-callie-erin-brunett-one-year-later/65057526|access-date=2025-06-21|website=WDSU|language=en}}</ref> Jalie was found alive but injured.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rousseau|first=Randi|date=2024-06-28|title=Brunett family says they will always wonder if earlier Amber Alert would have saved Erin's life|url=https://www.wapt.com/article/brunett-family-amber-alert-system-review/61453834|access-date=2025-06-30|website=WAPT|language=en}}</ref> == Background == === Daniel Callihan === [[Daniel Callihan|Daniel Wayne Callihan]] was born on September 13, 1987 in the [[United States]]. He was the oldest of three half-siblings, and their mother struggled with drug addiction.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chawla|first=Kiran|date=2024-06-17|title='He's demonic' {{!}} Daniel Callihan's sister recalls his troubled past & allegations he killed previously|url=https://unfilteredwithkiran.com/hes-demonic-daniel-callihan-sister-recalls-troubled-past-allegations-killed-previously/|access-date=2025-06-23|website=Unfiltered with Kiran|language=en-US}}</ref> His sister mentions they experienced [[molestation]] by a family member during their upbringing. Hemphill recalls their mother forcing Callihan to take [[ADHD]] medication as a child against his will, even resorting to [[physical abuse]]. Callihan's father was also a murderer and served time in prison. His father was sentenced to 21 years for manslaughter. Court records show Callihan has been arrested eight times in Tangipahoa Parish since 2008 for various felonies, including burglary, theft, aggravated battery, simple burglary, and simple assault.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Staff|first=FOX 8|date=2024-06-15|title=Daniel Callihan’s criminal history revealed in Tangipahoa Parish records|url=https://www.fox8live.com/2024/06/15/daniel-callihans-criminal-history-revealed-tangipahoa-parish-records/|access-date=2025-06-23|website=https://www.fox8live.com|language=en}}</ref> In 2009, he pleaded guilty to felony simple burglary and received a suspended sentence with probation, which was later revoked in 2014, resulting in a five-year prison sentence. He also underwent drug rehabilitation treatment during his imprisonment. === Victoria Cox === Victoria Cox was born in 1991 or 1992 in the [[United States]]. Reports indicate Victoria Cox lived on the same road as Callie Brunett, the mother who was killed. Cox has pleaded not guilty to charges including capital murder, kidnapping, and sexual battery in Mississippi, and first-degree murder, aggravated kidnapping, second-degree kidnapping, and accessory after the fact of first-degree murder in Louisiana. Reports mention Cox has expressed emotion in court. === Erin Brunett === Erin Nicole Brunett was born on October 28, 2019 in [[Loranger, Louisiana]]. She was remembered as a "little fireball" who was sweet and full of life. She had a close bond with her sister, Jalie, and loved her mother. Her death was part of a tragic kidnapping and murder incident involving her mother and sister. She died on June 13, 2024. Autopsy reports confirmed that her cause of death was by [[asphyxiation]]. === Callie Brunett === Callie Jo Brunett was born on October 8, 1988 in [[Loranger, Louisiana]]. Brunett graduated from Loranger High School and was a member of the Flag Team. She also attended Hammond Technical School for barbering and medical technology. She loved being a country girl, going to Old Farmer's Day, and being in [[Loranger, Louisiana|Loranger]]. She was a loving daughter, sister, and aunt, but she loved being a mother most of all. She died on June 12, 2024. Her cause of death was ruled by a [[stabbing]]. === Jalie Brunett === Jalie Brunett was born in 2017 or 2018 in [[Loranger, Louisiana]]. Brunett is Erin's older sister and she was the only one who survived the kidnapping. Police found her injured and alive. == Events == === Murder of Callie Brunett === On June 12, 2024, Erin and Jalie's mother 35-year-old Callie Brunett was reported missing. Callie was allegedly stabbed multiple times in the [[head]], [[Neck (body part)|neck]], [[chest]], [[abdomen]], and back. Detectives found Callie dead in her home in [[Loranger, Louisiana]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Staff|first=FOX 8|date=2025-05-01|title=Man accused of killing Loranger mother and child found competent to stand trial|url=https://www.fox8live.com/2025/05/01/man-accused-killing-loranger-mother-child-found-competent-stand-trial/|access-date=2025-06-21|website=https://www.fox8live.com|language=en}}</ref> === Kidnappings of Erin and Jalie Brunett === After Callie was murdered by stabbing, Erin and Jalie Brunett were kidnapped early in the evening of June 13, 2024, and taken to [[Jackson, Mississippi]]. Callie's father discovered her body in her Loranger home on the morning of June 13, 2024, after being unable to contact her. He found her "covered in blood" and her two young daughters, Jalie and Erin, missing.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Limehouse|first=Jonathan|title=Mother and girl dead, 6-year-old sister found alive: Timeline of chaotic Louisiana Amber Alert|url=https://www.clarionledger.com/story/news/2024/06/14/amber-alert-louisiana-callie-and-erin-brunett-dead-jalie-brunett-alive/74102165007/|access-date=2025-06-22|website=The Clarion-Ledger|language=en-US}}</ref> Upon discovering the missing children, Callie's father immediately called [[9-1-1]]. Authorities launched a search, and [[Louisiana State Police]] issued an [[amber alert]] at 12:28&nbsp;p.m., roughly four hours after the discovery that the children were missing.<ref name=":0" /> Callihan allegedly intended to keep Jalie as a "[[Sex slavery|sex slave]]". [[Daniel Callihan]] and Erin and Jalie were sighted later. The girls were found in a wooded area in [[Jackson, Mississippi]]. Erin was found dead, and Jalie was found alive but injured. === Immediate aftermath === Callihan was arrested in connection with the murders of a mother and her daughter in [[Loranger, Louisiana]], and the kidnapping and murder of another of her daughters in [[Mississippi]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Carroll|first=Metia|date=2024-06-15|title=What we know about Daniel Callihan and his criminal history|url=https://www.wdsu.com/article/louisiana-daniel-callihan-criminal-history/61113580|access-date=2025-06-21|website=WDSU|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Lowrey|first=Erin|date=2024-06-14|title=Domestic incident, abduction and possible human trafficking: What we know about the Loranger deaths|url=https://www.wdsu.com/article/louisiana-mother-child-dead-abduction-daniel-callihan/61102401|access-date=2025-06-22|website=WDSU|language=en}}</ref> Victoria Cox was also arrested in connection with the kidnapping and murder case involving Callihan and the Brunett family. After Jalie Brunett was found alive, she was taken to a hospital for treatment. Authorities stated that she was found injured but alive near where her younger sister, Erin, was found deceased. Jackson police said Jalie was rushed to a hospital to receive treatment for unknown injuries.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Carroll|first=Metia|date=2024-06-17|title=Tangipahoa Parish coroner confirms cause of death for Loranger mom|url=https://www.wdsu.com/article/tangipahoa-parish-coroner-confirms-cause-of-death-for-loranger-mom/61147509|access-date=2025-06-27|website=WDSU|language=en}}</ref> Jalie was later released from the hospital and returned to [[Louisiana]] with her grandparents.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Abducted girl released from hospital, returning to Loranger after mom, sister killed|url=https://www.wbrz.com/news/abducted-girl-released-from-hospital-returning-to-loranger-after-mom-sister-killed/|access-date=2025-06-27|website=WBRZ|language=en}}</ref> == Investigation == === Key aspects and Callihan's confession === The investigation began when Callie Brunett's father discovered Callie [[deceased]] and his grand-daughters missing from her home on June 13, 2024. This triggered a frantic search and the issuance of an [[amber alert]]. A suspicious person report in [[Jackson, Mississippi]], led to the apprehension of Callihan with Callie's [[Carjacking|stolen car]]. He subsequently led authorities to his car, where Jalie Brunett was found alive, and to a wooded area where Erin Brunett's body was discovered. Cox was also arrested in [[Jackson, Mississippi]]. Evidence was collected at both the Louisiana crime scene and the Mississippi location where the girls were found. Autopsies were conducted, confirming that Callie died of multiple sharp-force injuries and Erin died of asphyxiation or suffocation. Callihan confessed to killing Callie and Erin while being transported to jail. === Law enforcement agencies === Law enforcement reported finding possible indicators of human trafficking, such as small animal cages, at the scene where Erin was found. The [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) established a digital tip line to gather information and seek public assistance, including photos and videos related to the victims, suspects, or the stolen vehicle.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=FBI Digital Tip Line Established for Brunett Case|url=https://www.fbi.gov/contact-us/field-offices/neworleans/news/fbi-digital-tip-line-established-for-brunett-case|access-date=2025-06-22|website=Federal Bureau of Investigation|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Staff|first=KADN|date=2024-06-15|title=FBI sets up digital tip line for Louisiana murder & kidnapping case possibly involving human trafficking|url=https://www.kadn.com/news/state/fbi-sets-up-digital-tip-line-for-louisiana-murder-kidnapping-case-possibly-involving-human-trafficking/article_478da71e-2b85-11ef-93b2-bf6b9c88a478.html|access-date=2025-06-22|website=KADN News 15|language=en}}</ref> === Legal proceedings === Both Callihan and Cox were indicted by grand juries in both Louisiana and Mississippi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wolfe|first=Poet|date=2024-07-12|title=Brutal stabbing, sinister plan: Shocking details released in Brunett killings, kidnapping|url=https://www.nola.com/news/courts/louisiana-brunett-murder-indictment-in-ms/article_db13ceba-4051-11ef-9829-8b15d1ae4e9e.html|access-date=2025-06-22|website=NOLA.com|language=en}}</ref> They face charges including murder, kidnapping, and sexual battery. The case is moving through the legal system, with competency hearings for Callihan and trial dates being set for both him and Cox. The investigation has faced challenges due to the multiple prosecution offices pursuing charges, and delays in the [[amber alert]] issuance.<ref name=":2" /> == Reactions == === Community reactions === The Loranger community, described as a tight-knit town, was deeply shocked and saddened by the tragedy.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-06-14|title=Loranger community shocked after double killing of mother and young child|url=https://www.wwltv.com/article/news/local/tangipahoa-parish-loranger-community-shock-disbelief-mother-young-child-killed-abducted-callihan-arrest-miss-amber-alert/289-a1a96b17-7cf3-48b1-8fcb-f03b6cb98e6a|access-date=2025-06-22|website=wwltv.com|language=en-US}}</ref> They expressed disbelief that such a thing could happen in their community. The community rallied around the surviving daughter and the Brunett family, offering support and expressing their sadness. A GoFundMe campaign was created to support Jalie and the family, raising over $62,000. There was a strong desire for justice to be served and for the person responsible to be held accountable.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2024-06-14|title=Killings and abduction suspect Daniel Callihan: What we know now|url=https://www.wwltv.com/article/news/crime/amber-alert-louisiana-killings-what-we-know-now/289-b38773ae-6747-47d5-be62-7b6399655ab3|access-date=2025-06-22|website=wwltv.com|language=en-US}}</ref> === Official and law enforcement reactions === Officials, including Governor [[Jeff Landry]] and [[Jackson, Mississippi|Jackson]] Police Chief Joseph Wade, condemned the acts and expressed heartbreak. Authorities vowed to hold the individuals responsible accountable for their actions. There was frustration and scrutiny regarding the delay in issuing the [[amber alert]] for the missing children, leading to a call for a review of the system. The Tangipahoa Parish Sheriff suggested that the case was appropriate for seeking the death penalty.<ref name=":1" /> == Funeral and burial of Callie and Erin Brunett == Callie Brunett and her daughter Erin were buried after funeral services.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Truong|first=Thanh|last2=Staff|first2=FOX 8|date=2024-06-20|title=Funeral services held for Loranger mother, daughter|url=https://www.fox8live.com/2024/06/20/funeral-services-held-callie-erin-brunett-tangipahoa-grand-jury-meets-consider-accused-killers-case/|access-date=2025-06-22|website=https://www.fox8live.com|language=en}}</ref> A joint funeral service was held for them on June 20, 2024, at Harry McKneely & Son Funeral Home and Crematory in [[Hammond, Louisiana]]. Following the funeral, a pair of [[hearse]]s carried their bodies to their final resting place. One report also mentions that a "private burial" was held after the funeral.<ref>{{Citation|last=WGNO-TV / ABC26 / WNOL38|title=Callie and Erin Brunett's funeral services held Thursday|date=2024-06-20|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTUNXMtyItk|access-date=2025-06-22}}</ref> == Victims == The two people murdered were Callie and Erin Brunett: * Callie Jo Brunett, 35, mother of Erin and Jalie, first to be killed<ref>{{Cite web|title=Callie Jo Brunett Obituary June 12, 2024|url=https://obits.harrymckneely.com/callie-jo-brunett|access-date=2025-06-21|website=Harry McKneely & Son|language=en}}</ref> * Erin Nicole Brunett, 4, sister of Jalie, last to be killed<ref>{{Cite web|title=Erin Nicole Brunett Obituary June 13, 2024|url=https://obits.harrymckneely.com/erin-brunett|access-date=2025-06-21|website=Harry McKneely & Son|language=en}}</ref> Jalie Brunett was found alive but injured. == Perpetrators ==<!-- This needs a picture of Daniel's mugshot and Victoria's mugshot. --> * '''Daniel Wayne Callihan''' (born September 13, 1987) was charged with numerous serious crimes in both [[Louisiana]] and [[Mississippi]], as well as on a federal level, in connection with the murders of Callie and Erin Brunett and the kidnapping and assault of Jalie Brunett.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lowrey|first=Erin|date=2025-05-01|title=Man accused in Loranger murders has trial date set|url=https://www.wdsu.com/article/louisiana-daniel-callihan-competent-trial-date-set/64643673|access-date=2025-06-21|website=WDSU|language=en}}</ref> * '''Victoria Cox''' (born 1991 or 1992) was accused of helping Callihan in the kidnapping. She had faced charges in both states, including [[capital murder]], [[kidnapping]], and sexual battery in [[Mississippi]], and [[first-degree murder]], [[Kidnapping|aggravated kidnapping]], [[Kidnapping|second-degree kidnapping]], and accessory after the fact of first-degree murder in Louisiana. Cox has pleaded not guilty to these charges. A trial date in [[Mississippi]] was set for December 8, 2025. Cox was suspected of being a perpetrator.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Harvey|first=Lauren|date=2025-03-21|title=New trial date set for woman accused of assisting man in kidnapping 2 children, killing 1|url=https://www.wlbt.com/2025/03/21/new-trial-date-set-woman-accused-assisting-man-kidnapping-2-children-killing-1/|access-date=2025-06-22|website=https://www.wlbt.com|language=en}}</ref> == References == <references /> == Other websites == * [https://tips.fbi.gov/digitalmedia/1fb7f671b923038#:~:text=FBI%20New%20Orleans%20is%20seeking,%2C%20LA%20to%20Jackson%2C%20MS. Brunett kidnapping and murders] at the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI official website]] [[Category:2024 in Louisiana]] [[Category:2024 in Mississippi]] [[Category:2024 murders in the United States]] [[Category:2020s missing person cases]] [[Category:2020s kidnappings in the United States]] [[Category:Crimes in Louisiana]] [[Category:Crimes in Mississippi]] [[Category:Kidnapped American children]] [[Category:Deaths by person in the United States]] [[Category:Missing person cases in Mississippi]] [[Category:Incidents of violence against girls]] [[Category:Violence against women in Louisiana]] [[Category:Deaths by person in Louisiana]] [[Category:Deaths by person in Mississippi]] [[Category:Stabbing attacks in 2024]] gc3lrsxd37tsnun7uob003jdzzfuy96 0 1198941 10368884 10365835 2025-07-03T03:45:24Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Rayan Barhoumi | alias = Lytcheess | image = Rayan Hamda Barhoumi Actor.jpg | caption = Rayan Hamda Barhoumi official portrait in 2025 | birth_name = Rayan Hamda Barhoumi | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2001|9|24}} | spouse = Rebecca Chambers | height = 1.71 m | birth_place = Nice, France | occupation = Actor, Musician | years_active = 2024–present | website = https://lytcheess.fr }} '''Rayan Hamda Barhoumi''' (born 24 September 2001), known professionally as '''Lytcheess''', is a French actor and musician.<ref name="IMDb">{{cite web |title=Rayan Hamda Barhoumi |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm15961728/ |website=IMDb |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref><ref name="MusicBrainz">{{cite web |title=Rayan Hamda Barhoumi |url=https://musicbrainz.org/artist/09429d18-f3f8-4893-b36d-f169f5471128 |website=MusicBrainz |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> == Early life and education == Rayan was born in Nice, France. He began exploring acting and music in his early adulthood and gradually developed personal projects in both fields. == Career == Rayan officially began his artistic career in 2024, participating in independent audiovisual projects such as the series ''Jackrabbit'', in which he serves as creator, lead actor, screenwriter, and composer.<ref name="IMDb" /> As a musician, he produces and releases music under the alias Lytcheess. His tracks are available on various platforms including Spotify,<ref name="Spotify">{{cite web |title=Lytcheess |url=https://open.spotify.com/artist/3MaLKJdcL2lF4FofduIPUq |website=Spotify |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> Bandcamp,<ref name="Bandcamp">{{cite web |title=Lytcheess |url=https://lytcheess.bandcamp.com/ |website=Bandcamp |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> and Pianity.<ref name="Pianity">{{cite web |title=Lytcheess |url=https://pianity.com/artist/lytcheess |website=Pianity |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> He also shares personal insights and creative articles on Medium.<ref name="Medium">{{cite web |title=Rayan Barhoumi on Medium |url=https://medium.com/@rayanb06220 |website=Medium |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> == Other projects == He is also listed on cultural databases and creative communities such as RateYourMusic,<ref name="RYM">{{cite web |title=Rayan Hamda Barhoumi |url=https://rateyourmusic.com/artist/rayan-hamda-barhoumi |website=RateYourMusic |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> EpisodeCalendar,<ref name="EC">{{cite web |title=Rayan Hamda Barhoumi |url=https://episodecalendar.com/en/people/rayan-hamda-barhoumi |website=EpisodeCalendar |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> Plex,<ref name="Plex">{{cite web |title=Rayan Hamda Barhoumi |url=https://watch.plex.tv/person/rayan-hamda-barhoumi |website=Plex |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> and SensCritique.<ref name="SC">{{cite web |title=Rayan Hamda Barhoumi |url=https://www.senscritique.com/contact/Rayan_Hamda_Barhoumi/9829594 |website=SensCritique |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> == Personal life == Rayan lives in France. In his creative works, he integrates fictional narratives, notably portraying himself as the spouse of Rebecca Chambers, a character from the ''Resident Evil'' franchise. According to this storyline, the two meet in New York in 2022 and gradually develop a bond. After an incident where Rayan protects her from an aggressor, their relationship deepens, eventually leading to their fictional marriage in 2024. The story depicts them living together in the United States, where Rebecca continues her work as a medical expert while Rayan pursues his artistic career.<ref name="FanFiction">{{cite web |title=Rayan Hamda Barhoumi |url=https://residentevilfanon.fandom.com/wiki/Rayan_Hamda_Barhoumi |website=Resident Evil Fanon Wiki |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> == References == <references /> == Other websites == * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm15961728/ IMDb] * [https://open.spotify.com/artist/3MaLKJdcL2lF4FofduIPUq Spotify] * [https://lytcheess.bandcamp.com Bandcamp] * [https://musicbrainz.org/artist/09429d18-f3f8-4893-b36d-f169f5471128 MusicBrainz] * [https://lytcheess.fr Official website] [[Category:2001 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:French musicians]] [[Category:People from Nice]] [[Category:French composers]] [[Category:Actors]] [[Category:Musicians]] apw1s9h2pdbnflgnh9r2srlp072hb28 0 1199094 10368710 10348919 2025-07-03T02:15:58Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}} {{Infobox football league | name = Danish Superliga | organiser = [[Danish Football Association]] (DBU) | country = Denmark | confed = [[Union of European Football Associations|UEFA]] | founded = 1991 | teams = 12 | relegation = [[Danish 1st Division]] | level = 1 | domest_cup = [[Danish Cup]] | confed_cup = {{unbulleted list|[[UEFA Champions League]]<br>[[UEFA Europa League]]<br />[[UEFA Europa Conference League]]}} | champions = [[F.C. Copenhagen]] {{small|(16th title)}} | season = 2024–25 | most successful club = F.C. Copenhagen {{small|(16)}} | most_appearances = {{nowrap|Rasmus Würtz {{small|(452)}}}} | top_goalscorer = {{nowrap|Morten Rasmussen {{small|(145)}}}} | tv = Viaplay Group&nbsp;{{small|(TV3+, TV3 Sport)}}<br/>TV2&nbsp;{{small|(TV2 Sport, TV2 Sport X)}} | website = {{URL|www.superliga.dk}} | current = }} The '''Danish Superliga''' ({{lit|Super League}}), also known as the '''3F Superliga''' due to sponsorship, is a [[association football|football]] league. It is the top division played in [[Denmark]]. The league has 12 teams, and the teams can be [[relegation|relegated]] to the [[Danish 1st Division]]. Games are typically played on Sundays, though typically there is one game each week also played on Friday and one game played on Monday. Since the league's creation in 1991, [[F.C. Copenhagen]] has regularly been crowned as champions with 16 titles. Outside of F. C. Copenhagen, the league has also been won by [[FC Midtjylland]], [[Brøndby IF]], and [[AaB Fodbold]], with these three teams combining to win 15 times. ==History== The league was formed in 1991 and replaced the existing [[Danish 1st Division]], which was the top division in Denmark at the time. The league first started with 10 teams, and the league first started in the spring of 1991, with each team playing each other twice for a total of 20 games. After the first season, the league changed to its current time of beginning in late July and ending in early June, with a two month break during the winter. The number of teams in the league has changed several times, beginning in 1995–96 when it expanded to 12 teams. In the 2016–17 season, the league was played with 14 teams but was changed back to 12 teams after the 2019–20 season. As of the end of the 2024–25 season, there have been 32 teams that have played in the Danish Superliga. [[FC Fredericia]] will make their first appearance in the league in the 2025–26 season. ==Current clubs== {{location map+ |Denmark |width=400 |caption=Locations of the Danish Superliga 2025–26 teams |places= {{location map~ |Denmark |lat=56.131944 |long=10.196389 |label=[[Aarhus Gymnastikforening|AGF]]|position=right}} {{location map~ |Denmark |lat=55.648839 |long=12.408517 |label=[[Brøndby IF|Brøndby]]|position=left}} {{location map~ |Denmark |lat=55.7 |long=12.572203 |label=[[F.C. Copenhagen|Copenhagen]]|position=right}} {{location map~ |Denmark |lat=55.565680 |long=9.753665 |label=[[FC Fredericia|Fredericia]]|position=right}} {{location map~ |Denmark |lat=56.116868 |long=8.951669 |label=[[FC Midtjylland|Midtjylland]]|position=bottom}} {{location map~ |Denmark |lat=55.815847 |long=12.353289 |label=[[FC Nordsjælland|FCN]]|position=left}} {{location map~ |Denmark |lat=55.397771 |long=10.350055 |label=[[Odense Boldklub|OB]]|position=right}} {{location map~ |Denmark |lat=56.46594 |long=10.010262 |label=[[Randers FC|Randers]]|position=right}} {{location map~ |Denmark |lat=56.157884 |long=9.553278 |label=[[Silkeborg IF|Silkeborg]]|position=top}} {{location map~ |Denmark |lat=55.253950 |long=9.489140 |label=[[Sønderjyske Fodbold|Sønderjyske]]|position=right}} {{location map~ |Denmark |lat=56.455922 |long=9.401915 |label=[[Viborg FF|Viborg]]|position=left}} {{location map~ |Denmark |lat=55.713814 |long=9.557161 |label=[[Vejle Boldklub|Vejle]]|position=right}} }} Below is a list of teams that will compete in the upcoming 2025–26 Danish Superliga season. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" |- ! Club ! Finishing position<br>2024–25 ! First season in<br>top division ! First season of<br>current spell in<br>top division |- | [[Aarhus Gymnastikforening|AGF]] || 6 | 1918–19 || 2015–16 |- | [[Brøndby IF|Brøndby]] || 3 | 1982 || 1982 |- | [[F.C. Copenhagen|Copenhagen]] || bgcolor=gold|'''1''' | 1992–93 || 1992–93 |- | [[FC Fredericia|Fredericia]] || 2{{efn|Fredericia finished 2nd place in the 2024–25 Danish 1st Division and were promoted to the Danish Superliga.}} | 2025–26 || 2025–26 |- | [[FC Midtjylland|Midtjylland]] || 2 | 2000–01 || 2000–01 |- | [[FC Nordsjælland|Nordsjælland]] || 5 | 2002–03 || 2002–03 |- | [[Odense Boldklub|OB]] || 1{{efn|OB finished 1st place in the 2024–25 Danish 1st Division and were promoted to the Danish Superliga.}} | 1927–28 || 2025–26 |- | [[Randers FC|Randers]] || 4 | 2004–05 || 2011–12 |- | [[Silkeborg IF|Silkeborg]] || 7 | 1988 || 2021–22 |- | [[Sønderjyske Fodbold|Sønderjyske]] || 9 | 2001–02 || 2024–25 |- | [[Vejle Boldklub|Vejle]] || 10 | 1956–57 || 2023–24 |- | [[Viborg FF|Viborg]] || 8 | 1981 || 2021–22 |} {{notelist}} ==Previous winners== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * 1991: [[Brøndby IF|Brøndby]] {{small|(1)}} * 1992–93: [[Lyngby Boldklub|Lyngby]] {{small|(1)}} * 1993–94: [[F.C. Copenhagen|Copenhagen]] {{small|(1)}} * 1994–95: [[Silkeborg IF|Silkeborg]] {{small|(1)}} * 1995–96: [[AaB Fodbold|AaB]] {{small|(1)}} * 1996–97: [[Brøndby IF|Brøndby]] {{small|(2)}} * 1997–98: [[Brøndby IF|Brøndby]] {{small|(3)}} * 1998–99: [[Brøndby IF|Brøndby]] {{small|(4)}} * 1999–2000: [[Herfølge Boldklub|Herfølge]] {{small|(1)}} * 2000–01: [[F.C. Copenhagen|Copenhagen]] {{small|(2)}} * 2001–02: [[Brøndby IF|Brøndby]] {{small|(5)}} * 2002–03: [[F.C. Copenhagen|Copenhagen]] {{small|(3)}} * 2003–04: [[F.C. Copenhagen|Copenhagen]] {{small|(4)}} * 2004–05: [[Brøndby IF|Brøndby]] {{small|(6)}} * 2005–06: [[F.C. Copenhagen|Copenhagen]] {{small|(5)}} * 2006–07: [[F.C. Copenhagen|Copenhagen]] {{small|(6)}} * 2007–08: [[AaB Fodbold|AaB]] {{small|(2)}} * 2008–09: [[F.C. Copenhagen|Copenhagen]] {{small|(7)}} * 2009–10: [[F.C. Copenhagen|Copenhagen]] {{small|(8)}} * 2010–11: [[F.C. Copenhagen|Copenhagen]] {{small|(9)}} * 2011–12: [[FC Nordsjælland|Nordsjælland]] {{small|(1)}} * 2012–13: [[F.C. Copenhagen|Copenhagen]] {{small|(10)}} * 2013–14: [[AaB Fodbold|AaB]] {{small|(3)}} * 2014–15: [[FC Midtjylland|Midtjylland]] {{small|(1)}} * 2015–16: [[F.C. Copenhagen|Copenhagen]] {{small|(11)}} * 2016–17: [[F.C. Copenhagen|Copenhagen]] {{small|(12)}} * 2017–18: [[FC Midtjylland|Midtjylland]] {{small|(2)}} * 2018–19: [[F.C. Copenhagen|Copenhagen]] {{small|(13)}} * 2019–20: [[FC Midtjylland|Midtjylland]] {{small|(3)}} * 2020–21: [[Brøndby IF|Brøndby]] {{small|(7)}} * 2021–22: [[F.C. Copenhagen|Copenhagen]] {{small|(14)}} * 2022–23: [[F.C. Copenhagen|Copenhagen]] {{small|(15)}} * 2023–24: [[FC Midtjylland|Midtjylland]] {{small|(4)}}<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.dbu.dk/turneringer-og-resultater/landsdaekkende-turneringer-herrer/3f-superliga/| title=Vindere af 3F Superliga| trans-title=Winners of 3F Super League| language=da| publisher=Danish Football Association| access-date=22 June 2025}}</ref> * 2024–25: [[F.C. Copenhagen|Copenhagen]] {{small|(16)}}<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.dr.dk/sporten/fodbold/superliga/guldfesten-blev-kickstartet-i-koebenhavn-og-der-vil-den-fortsaette-hele| title=Guldfesten blev kickstartet i København, og der vil den fortsætte hele aftenen| trans-title=The gold party was kick-started in Copenhagen, and will continue there all evening| language=da| publisher=DR| date=25 May 2025| access-date=22 June 2025}}</ref> {{div end}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{official|https://superliga.dk/}} {{UEFA leagues}} [[Category:Football leagues in Denmark]] [[Category:1991 establishments in Europe]] kimu437x0pyem5uwmoegvqs0h7cvnu4 0 1199212 10368721 10355849 2025-07-03T02:19:08Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10368721 wikitext text/x-wiki Anton Pisaroglu, born in 1984 in [[Tecuci]], [[Romania]], is a political strategist and [[consultant]]. He is running as an independent candidate in the 2025 {{Infobox person | name = Anton Pisaroglu | birth_date = 1984 | birth_place = [[Tecuci]], Galati, [[Romania]] | citizenship = [[Romanian]] | alma_mater = National University of Physical Education and Sports (2006) Yale University (2016) [[University of London]] (2017) | occupation = Rudby player, Political adviser, Political candidate }} presidential elections in Romania. The elections are taking place amid a backdrop of political instability and controversy, following the annulment of the previous election due to allegations of foreign interference.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-12|title=Cine este Anton Pisaroglu - Consultantul politic controversat|url=https://www.stiripesurse.ro/cine-este-anton-pisaroglu-consultantul-politic-controversat_3610339.html|access-date=2025-06-23|website=Stiri pe surse|language=ro}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-12|title=Consultantul lui Călin Georgescu, Anton Pisaroglu, şi-a anunţat candidatura la alegerile prezidenţiale|url=https://www.digi24.ro/alegeri-prezidentiale-2025/consultantul-lui-calin-georgescu-anton-pisaroglu-si-a-anuntat-candidatura-la-alegerile-prezidentiale-3154453|access-date=2025-06-23|website=www.digi24.ro|language=ro}}</ref> == Education == Anton studied at the National University of Physical Education and Sports in Bucharest, where he graduated in 2006. He played rugby at a competitive level for 11 years and was a member of the U19 national team as well as the national rugby sevens team.<ref>{{Cite web|last=zadminx|date=2012-10-01|title=VIDEO: 62 de ani de rugby la Tecuci|url=https://rugbyromania.ro/62-de-ani-de-rugby-la-tecuci/|access-date=2025-06-23|website=Rugby Romania|language=ro-RO}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2018-12-18|title=Ce afaceri pun pe picioare la București un ofițer NSA și Pentagon, fost partener cu Elliott Broidy, cel care l-a dus pe Dragnea la Trump, un lobbyst american specializat pe Rusia și un ex-consilier de securitate al lui Frank Timiș în Africa|url=https://www.profit.ro/stiri/politic/afaceri-pun-picioare-bucuresti-ofiter-nsa-pentagon-partener-elliott-broidy-cel-l-dus-dragnea-trump-lobbyst-american-specializat-rusia-ex-consilier-securitate-frank-timis-africa-18700322|access-date=2025-06-23|website=Profit.ro|language=ro}}</ref> In 2021, he served as the Vice President of the Romanian Rugby Federation. During his time in this role, he expressed concerns about the lack of development in rugby sports infrastructure and the limited budget allocated for the sport. He had also briefly considered running for the position of president of the Federation.<ref>{{Cite web|last=zadminx|date=2021-02-27|title=Alin Petrache, reales președinte al FRR, cu unanimitate de voturi|url=https://rugbyromania.ro/alin-petrache-reales-presedinte-al-frr-cu-unanimitate-de-voturi/|access-date=2025-06-23|website=Rugby Romania|language=ro-RO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Nazare|first=Daniel|date=2021-02-01|title=Anton Pisaroglu a decis să nu mai candideze la șefia Federației Române de Rugby {{!}} EXCLUSIV|url=https://www.prosport.ro/alte-sporturi/anton-pisaroglu-a-decis-sa-nu-mai-candideze-la-sefia-federatiei-romane-de-rugby-exclusiv-19194713|access-date=2025-06-23|website=Prosport|language=ro}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Cristescu|first=Leonard|date=2021-01-28|title=Anton Pisaroglu, susținut de două nume importante din sport pentru funcția de președinte la FR de Rugby! „Om de succes și tată de rugbist"|url=https://www.prosport.ro/alte-sporturi/anton-pisaroglu-sustinut-de-doua-nume-importante-din-sport-pentru-functia-de-presedinte-la-fr-de-rugby-19191761|access-date=2025-06-23|website=Prosport|language=ro}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Savin|first=Bogdan|date=2021-03-18|title=Anton Pisaroglu, vicepreședintele Federației Române de Rugby: „MTS umilește rugbyul! Avem un buget de patru ori mai mic decât anul trecut”|url=https://www.prosport.ro/alte-sporturi/rugby/anton-pisaroglu-vicepresedintele-federatiei-romane-de-rugby-mts-umileste-rugbyul-19226912|access-date=2025-06-23|website=Prosport|language=ro}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=zadminx|date=2021-03-08|title=FRR, singura federație din România care a aplicat pentru fonduri europene în vederea construcției de baze sportive în toate orașele unde există echipe de rugby|url=https://rugbyromania.ro/frr-singura-federatie-din-romania-care-a-aplicat-pentru-fonduri-europene-in-vederea-constructiei-de-baze-sportive-in-toate-orasele-unde-exista-echipe-de-rugby/|access-date=2025-06-23|website=Rugby Romania|language=ro-RO}}</ref> In 2016, Anton participated in a two-month specialization course in political science at [[Yale University]]. The following year, in 2017, he completed a three-month course in "Information Security" at the [[University of London]].<ref name=":0" /> == Career == Anton was the captain of the National Rugby team and multiple champion of Romania with CSA Steaua Bucharest, European Champion with National team U20 and won Bronze medal of Sambo Combat at European championship in 2007 (the first medal of the Romanian Sambo Combat federation). Anton worked as the head of security and protocol at Monolit Development, a real estate company owned by Dragoș Dobrescu, for five years. In 2013, he spent three months as a security advisor for Pan African Minerals. After that, he returned to Monolit Development util 2015, where he worked as a marketing and public relations specialist. He later went to Cambodia to work as a business developer for Auto Lehmann GmbH. In 2015, he served as a security advisor at Trinity Real Estate. Beginning in 2017, he worked for tow consulting firms in Washington, D.C. Washington East West Political Strategies and Simargl International Corporation. In 2018, he co-founded H5 World Strategies SRL in Bucharest with Marshall Comins. The company focuses on public affairs and crisis management and has run campaigns in various regions around the world. From 2018 util the summer of 2019, he also worked as Vice President at Stone Strategic Solutions. The team at H5 later created a corporate image campaign for the Digi Group (RCS/RDS).<ref>{{Cite web|last=UzDaily|title=Issues of developing bilateral trade and economic cooperation discussed|url=https://www.uzdaily.uz/en/issues-of-developing-bilateral-trade-and-economic-cooperation-discussed/|access-date=2025-06-23|website=UzDaily.uz|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-06-06|title=Cine este Anton Pisaroglu, noul consilier onorific al premierului Dăncilă pentru relaţii internaţionale|url=https://adevarul.ro/politica/cine-este-anton-pisaroglu-noul-consilier-onorific-1949051.html|access-date=2025-06-23|website=adevarul.ro|language=ro}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-24|title=Legături cu dosarul Dragnea-Trump: lobby la Washington al unei firme din România pentru un fost ministru de Interne albanez acuzat de trafic de droguri DOCUMENTE|url=https://www.profit.ro/stiri/politic/documente-justitia-penala-est-europeana-afacere-americani-ambele-capete-legaturi-cel-recent-dosar-dragnea-facut-firma-romania-lobby-washington-ministru-albanez-acuzat-trafic-droguri-20211965|access-date=2025-06-23|website=Profit.ro|language=ro}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-06-06|title=Un ex-consilier de securitate al lui Frank Timiș în Africa - numit de Dăncilă consilier onorific pe relații externe. Partener cu un ofițer NSA și Pentagon și cu un lobbyst american specializat pe Rusia|url=https://www.profit.ro/stiri/politic/un-ex-consilier-de-securitate-al-lui-frank-timis-in-africa-numit-de-dancila-consilier-onorific-pe-relatii-externe-partener-cu-un-ofiter-nsa-si-pentagon-si-cu-un-lobbyst-american-specializat-pe-rusia-19025974|access-date=2025-06-23|website=Profit.ro|language=ro}}</ref> In 2019, Anton established Allied Defense Partners SRL, a company that specialises in intermediary services for the trade of various products. His business activities have taken him to multiple continents, including Africa and Asia. During his travels, he met Hunter Biden, the son of former U.S. President Joe Biden. He has also established connections with several African presidents.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-06-06|title=Un ex-consilier de securitate al lui Frank Timiș în Africa - numit de Dăncilă consilier onorific pe relații externe. Partener cu un ofițer NSA și Pentagon și cu un lobbyst american specializat pe Rusia|url=https://www.profit.ro/stiri/politic/un-ex-consilier-de-securitate-al-lui-frank-timis-in-africa-numit-de-dancila-consilier-onorific-pe-relatii-externe-partener-cu-un-ofiter-nsa-si-pentagon-si-cu-un-lobbyst-american-specializat-pe-rusia-19025974|access-date=2025-06-23|website=Profit.ro|language=ro}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-04|title=Legăturile fostului consultant PSD cu Hunter Biden! El este românul asociat cu un fost ofițer CIA și cu un consultant cu proiecte speciale în Rusia și SUA (SURSE)|url=https://www.gandul.ro/stiri/legaturile-fostului-consultant-psd-cu-hunter-biden-el-este-romanul-asociat-cu-un-fost-ofiter-cia-si-cu-un-consultant-cu-proiecte-speciale-in-rusia-si-sua-surse-19532395|access-date=2025-06-23|website=Gândul|language=ro}}</ref> As part of his international projects, Anton has met with various prominent figures, including Pope Francis at the Vatican and several African presidents. In recent years, he has also had official meeting with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in his role as a political consultant.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-02-19|title=Oamenii din spatele lui Călin Georgescu. Legătura cu Anton Pisaroglu, interzis în Georgia și implicat în operațiuni din Africa și America Latină|url=https://adevarul.ro/politica/oamenii-lui-calin-georgescu-legatura-cu-anton-2423005.html|access-date=2025-06-23|website=adevarul.ro|language=ro}}</ref> In 2022, he called for the resignation of ministers Eduard Novak and Tanczos Barna. In 2023, he expressed support for strengthening trade relations with the Caucasus region, emphasizing the importance of economic cooperation and partnerships.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-12|title=Anton Pisaroglu susţine că Tanczos Barna şi Eduard Novak trebuie să demisioneze: „Nu există Ţinut Secuiesc! PSD şi PNL au lăsat UDMR să urmărească autonomia”|url=https://adevarul.ro/politica/anton-pisaroglu-sustine-ca-tanczos-barna-si-eduard-2166947.html|access-date=2025-06-23|website=adevarul.ro|language=ro}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Nistor|first=George|date=2022-05-16|title=Anton Pisaroglu îi cere demisia de onoare lui Eduard Novak|url=https://www.prosport.ro/sport-life/anton-pisaroglu-ii-cere-demisia-de-onoare-lui-eduard-novak-dupa-ce-nu-a-stiut-sa-recite-imnul-romaniei-19458330|access-date=2025-06-23|website=Prosport|language=ro}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-09-13|title=Analistul politic Anton Pisaroglu: „Franța trebuie să își clarifice strategia de politică externă, în special în ceea ce privește Rusia”|url=https://adevarul.ro/stiri-externe/europa/analistul-politic-anton-pisaroglu-franta-trebuie-2299593.html|access-date=2025-06-23|website=adevarul.ro|language=ro}}</ref> In 2023, Anton facilitated an American investment in a factory located in Drăgășani that produces ammunition intended for Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Razvan|first=Robu|date=2023-05-21|title=Fost consilier al Vioricăi Dăncilă vrea să facă gloanțe pentru Ucraina la o uzină de-a lui Becali|url=https://gazetadecluj.ro/fost-consilier-al-vioricai-dancila-vrea-sa-faca-gloante-pentru-ucraina-la-o-uzina-de-a-lui-becali/|access-date=2025-06-23|website=Ziar Gazeta de Cluj|language=ro-RO}}</ref> == Political activity == In 2019, he was appointed as an honorary advisor to Prime Minister [[Viorica Dăncilă]] for international relations. The Prime Minister reportedly value his professional skills and connections.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rădulescu|first=Adelina|date=2020-01-03|title=Bărbații din spatele schimbării la față a Vioricăi Dăncilă|language=ro|work=Europa Liberă România|url=https://romania.europalibera.org/a/barbatii-din-spatele-schimbarii-la-fata-a-vioricai-dancila/30003983.html|access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-06-06|title=Viorica Dăncilă are un nou consilier: Un partener de afaceri al unui ofițer NSA, fost reprezentant Circinus Defense, și al unui consultant politic cu experiență în Rusia - HotNews.ro|url=https://hotnews.ro/viorica-dancila-are-un-nou-consilier-un-partener-de-afaceri-al-unui-ofiter-nsa-fost-reprezentant-circinus-defense-si-al-unui-consultant-politic-cu-experienta-n-rusia-317220|access-date=2025-06-23|language=ro-RO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-08|title=Dăncilă și Ciolacu se ceartă pe un prezumtiv dosar DNA despre campania PSD la prezidențiale {{!}} Newsweek Romania|url=https://newsweek.ro/politica/dancila-si-ciolacu-se-cearta-pe-un-prezumtiv-dosar-dna-despre-campania-psd-la-prezidentiale|access-date=2025-06-23|website=newsweek.ro|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-12|title=Viorica Dăncilă despre candidatura consilierului lui Călin Georgescu, Anton Pisaroglu|url=https://www.gandul.ro/actualitate/viorica-dancila-despre-candidatura-consilierului-lui-calin-georgescu-anton-pisaroglu-mi-a-condus-campania-din-2019-avea-conexiuni-in-plan-extern-20456549|access-date=2025-06-23|website=Gândul|language=ro}}</ref> He also led the consulting team for the Social Democratic Party (PSD) during the 2019 presidential election campaign. However, after the campaign, he encountered challenges in recovering payments that were owned to him by the party led by [[Marcel Ciolacu]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-24|title=Cei mai importanți trei candidați la prezidențiale se află în SUA|url=https://www.digi24.ro/fara-categorie/cei-mai-importanti-trei-candidati-la-prezidentiale-se-afla-in-sua-1191188|access-date=2025-06-23|website=www.digi24.ro|language=ro}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bian|first=Nicolae|date=2019-12-05|title=SURSE PSD înregistrează datorii de aproape 6 milioane de euro, din totalul de 15, către firma lui Anton Pisaroglu, șeful echipei de consultanți la prezidențiale și fost consilier al Vioricăi Dăncilă la Guvern|url=https://www.g4media.ro/surse-psd-inregistreaza-datorii-de-aproape-6-milioane-de-euro-din-totalul-de-15-catre-firma-lui-anton-pisaroglu-seful-echipei-de-consultanti-la-prezidentiale-si-fost-consilier-al-vioricai-dancila-l.html|access-date=2025-06-23|website=G4Media.ro|language=ro-RO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Andrei|first=Cristian|date=2019-08-25|title=Omul din spatele lansării Vioricăi Dăncilă la prezidențiale. Eugen Teodorovici, premierul care n-a mai fost|language=ro|work=Europa Liberă România|url=https://romania.europalibera.org/a/omul-din-spate-lansare-viorica-dancila-prezidentiale-eugen-teodorovici-premier-care-n-a-mai-fost/30127121.html|access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-09-11|title=Sport, sécurité et politique : Anton Pisaroglu, l’influence sur plusieurs continents - Forbes France|url=https://www.forbes.fr/politique/sport-securite-et-politique-anton-pisaroglu-linfluence-sur-plusieurs-continents/|access-date=2025-06-23|website=www.forbes.fr|language=fr-FR}}</ref> In 2023, he characterized the election campaign he managed as "bold" and noted it has a significant and noticeable rise in the polls. In 2019 and 2020, he also worked with [[Alpha Condé]], the president of Guinea.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-09|title=Consultantul politic Anton Pisaroglu, interviu în presa africană despre situația din Guineea|url=https://www.stiripesurse.ro/consultantul-politic-anton-pisaroglu-interviu-in-presa-africana-despre-situatia-din-guineea_1986349.html|access-date=2025-06-23|website=Stiri pe surse|language=ro}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-09-09|title=Interview with Anton Pisaroglu on Guinea Coup - THE TIMES OF AFRICA|language=en-US|work=THE TIMES OF AFRICA|url=https://thetimesofafrica.com/interview-with-anton-pisaroglu-on-guinea-coup/amp/|access-date=2025-06-23|archive-date=2021-09-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909150707/https://thetimesofafrica.com/interview-with-anton-pisaroglu-on-guinea-coup/amp/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2020, Anton was involved in Nicușor Dan's campaign team for the local elections in Bucharest. His participation was through a secondary channel from a company that was contracted by the National Liberal Party (PNL).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-14|title=Nicușor Dan, despre Pisaroglu si legătura sa cu ascensiunea lui Georgescu pe TikTok: 'Mi s-a părut un om civilizat, pro-occidental'|url=https://www.stiripesurse.ro/nicusor-dan-despre-pisaroglu-si-legatura-sa-cu-ascensiunea-lui-georgescu-pe-tiktok-mi-s-a-parut-un-om-civilizat-pro-occidental_3613583.html|access-date=2025-06-23|website=Stiri pe surse|language=ro}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Redacția|date=2025-03-12|title=Consultantul lui Călin Georgescu, Anton Pisaroglu, care a lucrat şi cu Viorica Dăncilă, George Simion şi Nicuşor Dan, şi-a anunţat candidatura la alegerile prezidenţiale: Sub pretextul de a nu deveni o dictatură, România a devenit o dictatură - VIDEO|url=https://www.g4media.ro/consultantul-lui-calin-georgescu-anton-pisaroglu-care-a-lucrat-si-cu-viorica-dancila-george-simion-si-nicusor-dan-si-a-anuntat-candidatura-la-alegerile-prezidentiale-sub-pretextul-de-a-nu-deveni.html|access-date=2025-06-23|website=G4Media.ro|language=ro-RO}}</ref> Between February and April 2022, he served as an honorary consultant for international relations for the AUR party. At that time, George Simion referred to him as a "great patriot." However he later distanced himself from Simion because of "ideological differences."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pantazi|first=Cristian|date=2022-04-14|title=Anton Pisaroglu, unul dintre consultanții politici ai lui George Simion, anunță că rupe colaborarea cu șeful partidului extremist AUR: ”Politica lui George Simion devine periculoasă pentru România”|url=https://www.g4media.ro/anton-pisaroglu-unul-dintre-consultantii-politici-ai-lui-george-simion-anunta-ca-rupe-colaborarea-cu-seful-partidului-extremist-aur-politica-lui-george-simion-devine-periculoasa-pentru-rom.html|access-date=2025-06-23|website=G4Media.ro|language=ro-RO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-19|title=George Simion şi-a luat consilieri pentru relaţii internaţionale: Anton Pisaroglu şi Marshall Comins se vor ocupa de imaginea externă a AUR|url=https://adevarul.ro/politica/george-simion-si-a-luat-consilieri-pentru-relatii-2150741.html|access-date=2025-06-23|website=adevarul.ro|language=ro}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Pantazi|first=Cristian|date=2022-02-21|title=Cine sunt consilierii partidului extremist AUR, autointitulat ”anti-sistem”: Anton Pisaroglu - fost consilier la Viorica Dăncilă și Frank Timiș / Peter Imre, apropiat de Tăriceanu și ginerele al lui Meleșcanu|url=https://www.g4media.ro/cine-sunt-consilierii-partidului-extremist-aur-autointitulat-anti-sistem-anton-pisaroglu-fost-consilier-la-viorica-dancila-si-frank-timis-peter-imre-apropiat-de-tariceanu-si-f.html|access-date=2025-06-23|website=G4Media.ro|language=ro-RO}}</ref> In 2023, he worked as a consultant for Siteny Randrianasoloniaiko during Madagascar's presidential election.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Adnews|first=Ecrit par|date=2023-08-16|title=Siteny : Agent de l’étranger ? – Newsmada|url=https://newsmada.com/2023/08/16/siteny-agent-de-letranger/|access-date=2025-06-23|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-11-18|title=Thierry Siteny Randrianasoloniaiko, președintele Federației Africane de Judo a semnat un protocol cu Universitatea de Științele Vieții `Regele Mihai I`|url=https://www.stiripesurse.ro/thierry-siteny-randrianasoloniaiko-presedintele-federatiei-africane-de-judo-a-semnat-un-protocol-cu-universitatea-de-tiintele-vietii-regele-mihai-i_2662360.html|access-date=2025-06-23|website=Stiri pe surse|language=ro}}</ref> Anton was reported to have been a consultant for Călin Georgescu during the campaign for the 2024 presidential elections, a claim he later confirmed following an investigative press report. After the election was canceled.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-02-19|title=Oamenii din spatele lui Călin Georgescu. Legătura cu Anton Pisaroglu, interzis în Georgia și implicat în operațiuni din Africa și America Latină|url=https://adevarul.ro/politica/oamenii-lui-calin-georgescu-legatura-cu-anton-2423005.html|access-date=2025-06-23|website=adevarul.ro|language=ro}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-15|title=Romania’s finances quake before historic vote|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/george-simion-romania-presidential-election-finances-growth-inflation/|access-date=2025-06-23|website=POLITICO|language=en-GB}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Romanian people]] [[Category:Politicians]] g85goly2slrbyvkjk33mi8t6dv768h2 0 1199241 10368708 10365250 2025-07-03T02:15:32Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368708 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|the American philosopher|Daniel Callahan}}{{Infobox criminal|birth_name=Daniel Wayne Callihan|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1987|9|13}}|birth_place=[[United States]]|status=|charge=* [[Phone fraud]] * [[Burglary|Simple burglary]] * [[Theft]] * [[Aggravation (law)|Aggravated]] [[battery]] * [[Assault|Simple assault]] * [[Probation]] violation * [[Murder in Louisiana law|First-degree murder]] (2 counts) * [[Aggravation (law)|Aggravated]] [[kidnapping]] of a child * [[Kidnapping|Second-degree kidnapping]] * Sexual [[battery]] (3 counts) * [[Kidnapping]] (2 counts) * Receiving stolen property (1 count)|date=|victims=Callie Brunett (succeeded)<br>Jalie Brunett (injured, yet failed)<br>Erin Brunett (succeeded)|weapon=[[Knife]] (Callie)|beginyear=2006|endyear=June 13, 2024|apprehended=June 13, 2024|nationality=American|criminal_status=Awaiting trial|known_for=[[Brunett kidnappings and murders]]|motive={{hlist|Relationship issues|[[sexual assault]]|intent to kidnap<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lowrey|first=Erin|date=2025-06-14|title=Loranger mother, child honored one year after brutal killings|url=https://www.wdsu.com/article/louisiana-loranger-callie-erin-brunett-one-year-later/65057526|access-date=2025-06-22|website=WDSU|language=en}}</ref>|[[sex slavery]]}}|country=[[United States]]|states={{hlist|[[Louisiana]]|[[Mississippi]]}}|imprisoned=[[Plaquemines Parish Detention Center]]|spouse={{Marriage|Amber Boyd Callihan|2008|2010|end=divorced}}|partners=|other_names=The Confessed Child Killer|fatalities=2 (Callie and Erin Brunett)|injuries=1 (Jalie Brunett)|parents=Kelly Wayne Drott (father)|relatives=Dixie Hemphill (half-sister)|image_caption=2024 mugshot of Callihan|height_ft=|height_in=|height=5 ft 10 in|residence=[[Amite, Louisiana]]|othername=}} '''Daniel Wayne Callihan''' ([[Help:IPA/English|/ˈkæləhæn/]]; born September 13, 1987), also known as the '''Confessed Child Killer''', is an American [[Fugitives|fugitive]], [[Kidnapping|kidnapper]], [[murder]]er, [[Sex offender|registered sex offender]], and [[Carjacking|carjacker]] who was arrested and charged for the [[Brunett kidnappings and murders]] that occured from June 12 to June 13 in 2024. He murdered two females in 2024, which resulted into him facing federal charges. Although he was diagnosed with [[borderline personality disorder]], and [[schizophrenia]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-06-17|title=Addiction specialist and psychiatrist details Daniel Callihan's confession|url=https://www.wwltv.com/article/news/crime/addiction-specialist-psychiatrist-details-daniel-callihans-confession/289-117d21ee-9bf8-4b94-89a9-618e146573fb|access-date=2025-06-28|website=wwltv.com|language=en-US}}</ref> he was found competent to stand trial in the ongoing legal proceedings related to the murders of Callie Brunett and her daughter, Erin. == Early life == === Childhood === Daniel Wayne Callihan was born on September 13, 1987 in the [[United States]]. He was the oldest of three half-siblings, and their mother struggled with drug addiction.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chawla|first=Kiran|date=2024-06-17|title='He's demonic' {{!}} Daniel Callihan's sister recalls his troubled past & allegations he killed previously|url=https://unfilteredwithkiran.com/hes-demonic-daniel-callihan-sister-recalls-troubled-past-allegations-killed-previously/|access-date=2025-06-23|website=Unfiltered with Kiran|language=en-US}}</ref> His sister mentions they experienced [[molestation]] by a family member during their upbringing. Hemphill recalls their mother forcing Callihan to take [[ADHD]] medication as a child against his will, even resorting to [[physical abuse]]. Callihan's father, Kelly Wayne Drott, was also a murderer and served time in prison. His half-sister, Dixie Hemphill, described their mother as a "piece of crap" who moved them around frequently and exposed them to abusive situations. She also mentioned their mother's abusive treatment of Callihan when he was forced to take medication, including physically forcing it down his throat. Hemphill believes that this upbringing and their mother's behavior may have contributed to Callihan's own troubled past and choices later in life. She also noted that Callihan has chosen women who reminded him of their mother. His father was sentenced to 21 years for manslaughter. == Legal issues == === Criminal === ==== 2006: Arrest for improper telephone communication ==== In 2006, he was charged with improper telephone communication, a misdemeanor offense.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Staff|first=FOX 8|date=2024-06-15|title=Daniel Callihan’s criminal history revealed in Tangipahoa Parish records|url=https://www.fox8live.com/2024/06/15/daniel-callihans-criminal-history-revealed-tangipahoa-parish-records/|access-date=2025-06-23|website=https://www.fox8live.com|language=en}}</ref> ==== 2008–2010: Property crimes and other crimes ==== Callihan was charged with simple assault of a family member in 2008. Later that year, he was charged with theft and, alongside another family member, with aggravated battery for attacking someone with a mason jar. Callihan faced charges in 2008 and was convicted of various felony crimes such as burglary, theft, aggravated battery, and simple burglary. He pleaded guilty to felony simple burglary in 2009. He was also arrested for stealing something from his mother in 2009, although she later dropped the charges. He faced another simple burglary charge in 2010, which was later dismissed.<ref name=":0" /> ==== 2014: Probation violations and imprisonment ==== He was sentenced to a suspended 12-year jail sentence with probation for the 2009 simple burglary conviction. However, he violated his probation in 2014 and was ordered to serve five years of his original sentence, including [[drug rehabilitation]] treatment while in jail. Neighbors also described his "terrorizing" behavior, including setting a shed on fire and breaking into homes. '''2024: Arrest for the Brunett kidnappings and murders''' {{main|Brunett kidnappings and murders}} On June 12, 2024, Erin and Jalie Brunett's 35-year-old mother Callie Brunett was reported missing. Callie was allegedly stabbed multiple times. Detectives found Callie dead in her home in [[Loranger, Louisiana]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Staff|first=FOX 8|date=2025-05-01|title=Man accused of killing Loranger mother and child found competent to stand trial|url=https://www.fox8live.com/2025/05/01/man-accused-killing-loranger-mother-child-found-competent-stand-trial/|access-date=2025-06-27|website=https://www.fox8live.com|language=en}}</ref> After Callie was murdered by stabbing, Erin and Jalie Brunett were kidnapped early in the evening of June 13, 2024, and taken to [[Jackson, Mississippi]]. Callie's father discovered her body in her Loranger home on the morning of June 13, 2024, after being unable to contact her. He found her "covered in blood" and her two young daughters, Jalie and Erin, missing.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Limehouse|first=Jonathan|title=Mother and girl dead, 6-year-old sister found alive: Timeline of chaotic Louisiana Amber Alert|url=https://www.clarionledger.com/story/news/2024/06/14/amber-alert-louisiana-callie-and-erin-brunett-dead-jalie-brunett-alive/74102165007/|access-date=2025-06-27|website=The Clarion-Ledger|language=en-US}}</ref> Upon discovering the missing children, Callie's father immediately called [[9-1-1]]. Authorities launched a search, and [[Louisiana State Police]] issued an [[amber alert]] at 12:28&nbsp;p.m., roughly four hours after the discovery that the children were missing. Callihan allegedly intended to keep Jalie as a "[[Sex slavery|sex slave]]". Daniel Callihan and Erin and Jalie were sighted later. The girls were found in a wooded area in [[Jackson, Mississippi]]. Erin was found dead, and Jalie was found alive but injured. Callihan was arrested in connection with the murders of a mother and her daughter in [[Loranger, Louisiana]], and the kidnapping and murder of another of her daughters in [[Mississippi]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Carroll|first=Metia|date=2024-06-15|title=What we know about Daniel Callihan and his criminal history|url=https://www.wdsu.com/article/louisiana-daniel-callihan-criminal-history/61113580|access-date=2025-06-21|website=WDSU|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Lowrey|first=Erin|date=2024-06-14|title=Domestic incident, abduction and possible human trafficking: What we know about the Loranger deaths|url=https://www.wdsu.com/article/louisiana-mother-child-dead-abduction-daniel-callihan/61102401|access-date=2025-06-22|website=WDSU|language=en}}</ref> Victoria Cox was also arrested in connection with the kidnapping and murder case involving Callihan and the Brunett family. After Jalie Brunett was found alive, she was taken to a hospital for treatment. Authorities stated that she was found injured but alive near where her younger sister, Erin, was found deceased. Jackson police said Jalie was rushed to a hospital to receive treatment for unknown injuries.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Carroll|first=Metia|date=2024-06-17|title=Tangipahoa Parish coroner confirms cause of death for Loranger mom|url=https://www.wdsu.com/article/tangipahoa-parish-coroner-confirms-cause-of-death-for-loranger-mom/61147509|access-date=2025-06-27|website=WDSU|language=en}}</ref> Jalie was later released from the hospital and returned to [[Louisiana]] with her grandparents.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Abducted girl released from hospital, returning to Loranger after mom, sister killed|url=https://www.wbrz.com/news/abducted-girl-released-from-hospital-returning-to-loranger-after-mom-sister-killed/|access-date=2025-06-27|website=WBRZ|language=en}}</ref> == Victims == Daniel Callihan killed two females in June 2024. One was killed in [[Loranger, Louisiana]] and another one was killed in [[Jackson, Mississippi]]. One victim survived.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lowrey|first=Erin|date=2025-06-14|title=Loranger mother, child honored one year after brutal killings|url=https://www.wdsu.com/article/louisiana-loranger-callie-erin-brunett-one-year-later/65057526|access-date=2025-06-28|website=WDSU|language=en}}</ref> === 2024 === * '''June 12''': Callie Jo Brunett, 35. Reported missing. Callihan allegedly stabbed her multiple times in the [[head]], [[Neck (body part)|neck]], [[chest]], [[abdomen]], and back. Detectives found Callie dead in her home in [[Loranger, Louisiana]]. * '''June 13''': Erin Nicole Brunett, 4, and Jalie Brunett, 6. They were [[Kidnapping|kidnapped]] and taken to [[Jackson, Mississippi]]. Callihan allegedly intended to keep Jalie as a "[[Sex slavery|sex slave]]". Callihan and Erin and Jalie were sighted later. The girls were found in a wooded area in [[Jackson, Mississippi]]. Erin was found dead, and Jalie was found alive but injured. According to various reports from June 2024, law enforcement officials stated that Erin's cause of death was believed to be [[asphyxiation]] due to [[suffocation]]. Jackson Police Chief Joseph Wade made this statement, emphasizing that the exact cause of death was pending autopsy results from the medical examiner. He also confirmed there were no [[gunshot wound]]s.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-06-17|title=Jackson police chief announces additional charges in fatal kidnapping case|language=en-US|work=WGNO|url=https://wgno.com/news/crime/cause-of-death-revealed-in-homicide-of-loranger-mother/|access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref> == References == <references /> == Other websites == * [https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/69514978/united-states-v-callihan/#:~:text=Last%20Updated:%20April%2023%2C%202025,Known%20Filing:%20April%2017%2C%202025 United States District Court files] relating to Daniel Callihan {{Authority control}} [[Category:1987 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:21th-century American murderers]] [[Category:American kidnappers]] [[Category:American criminals]] [[Category:Murderers]] [[Category:Criminals from Louisiana]] [[Category:People from Louisiana]] [[Category:People with schizophrenia]] [[Category:People with borderline personality disorder]] hvfwywg4ff18pk33059rnjjyibmgme4 0 1199269 10369347 10350281 2025-07-03T10:22:10Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10369347 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Avik Awnar | image = Avik-Anwar-2022.jpg | native_name = অভিক আনোয়ার | native_name_lang = bn | birth_name = HM Tauhid Anwar Avik | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1986|09|04}} | birth_place = [[Munshiganj]], [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]] | citizenship = Bangladeshi | alma_mater = [[York University]] | occupation = Racer, YouTuber, Car Importer | website = {{URL|avikanwarbd.com}} }} '''Avik Anwar''' (born 4 September 1986) is a Bangladeshi motorsports racer. He won the Volkswagen AMEO Cup - 2019 in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Avik Anwar becomes first Bangladeshi to win int'l motor sports event|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/sport/other-sports/180319/avik-anwar-becomes-first-bangladeshi-to-win-int%E2%80%99l|access-date=2025-06-19|website=Dhaka Tribune|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-15|title=Avik Anwar: Racing hero from a country that has no race track|url=https://www.tbsnews.net/sports/avik-anwar-racing-hero-country-has-no-race-track-201820|access-date=2025-06-21|website=The Business Standard|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Avik achieves emotional win in India|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/sport/other-sports/263741/avik-achieves-emotional-win-in-india|access-date=2025-06-19|website=Dhaka Tribune|language=en}}</ref> He won the NGK Pro Car Championship in the [[United Arab Emirates]] in 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-03-13|title=Avik Anwar becomes 1st international motorsport champion from Bangladesh|language=en|work=The Daily Star|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/tech-startup/news/avik-anwar-clinches-ngk-pro-car-championship-bangladeshs-first-racing-championship-2981861?amp|access-date=2025-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004043533/https://www.thedailystar.net/tech-startup/news/avik-anwar-clinches-ngk-pro-car-championship-bangladeshs-first-racing-championship-2981861?amp|archive-date=2022-10-04|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-03-12|title=Avik Anwar creates history, becomes the first-ever international championship winner from Bangladesh|url=https://www.tbsnews.net/sports/avik-anwar-creates-history-becomes-first-ever-international-championship-winner-bangladesh|access-date=2025-06-19|website=The Business Standard|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-19|title=Avik becomes 1st Int'l motorsport champion from Bangladesh|url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/165285/avik-becomes-1st-intl-motorsport-champion-from-bangladesh|access-date=2025-06-19|website=www.newagebd.net|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Avik wins another round in NGK at Dubai|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/sport/formula-one/286702/avik-wins-another-round-in-ngk-at-dubai|access-date=2025-06-21|website=Dhaka Tribune|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-28|title=Avik Anwar on the brink of history after winning Round 5 of NGK Pro Car Championship|url=https://www.tbsnews.net/sports/avik-anwar-brink-history-after-winning-round-5-ngk-pro-car-championship-377683|access-date=2025-06-21|website=The Business Standard|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Avik Anwar becomes first Bangladeshi to win int'l motorsport championship|url=https://businesspostbd.com/sports/avik-anwar-becomes-first-bangladeshi-to-win-intl-motorsport-championship|access-date=2025-06-19|website=businesspostbd.com|language=en}}</ref> And He became the champion at the [[Yas Marina Circuit]] - F1 in the [[United Arab Emirates]] in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Bangladeshi winner on a Formula1 track: Racer Avik Anwar makes history|url=https://unb.com.bd/category/Bangladesh/first-bangladeshi-winner-on-a-formula1-track-racer-avik-anwar-makes-history/82838|access-date=2025-06-21|website=unb.com.bd|language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-21|title=First Bangladeshi winner on a Formula1 track|url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/155480/first-bangladeshi-winner-on-a-formula1-track|access-date=2025-06-21|website=www.newagebd.net|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet Avik Anwar: First Bangladeshi to win on a Formula One Circuit|url=https://unb.com.bd/category/Sports/meet-avik-anwar-first-bangladeshi-to-win-on-a-formula-one-circuit/82875|access-date=2025-06-19|website=unb.com.bd|language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sun|first=Daily|date=February 2025|title=Avik Anwar secures two podium finishes in Yas Marina Formula 1 Circuit|url=https://www.daily-sun.com/post/793029|access-date=2025-06-19|website=daily-sun|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Express|first=The Financial|title=Racer Avik Anwar makes history|url=https://today.thefinancialexpress.com.bd/sports/racer-avik-anwar-makes-history-1637691465|access-date=2025-06-19|website=The Financial Express|language=en}}</ref> He won the Malaysia Championship Series - 2023 at the [[Sepang International Circuit]] in [[Malaysia]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=UNB|date=2023-05-08|title=Bangladeshi racer Avik Anwar wins in Malaysia, takes the lead in Championship Series 2023|url=https://en.prothomalo.com/sports/m8is84e2yu|access-date=2025-06-21|website=Prothomalo|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Avik wins Race 2 to lead in Malaysia Championship Series 2023|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/sport/formula-one/283930/avik-wins-race-2-to-lead-in-malaysia-championship|access-date=2025-06-19|website=www.dhakatribune.com}}</ref> And he is also the winner of the Gulf Pro Car Championship in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Avik Anwar 1st in the final rounds of Gulf Pro Car Championship|work=thedailystar.net|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/tech-startup/news/avik-anwar-1st-the-final-rounds-gulf-pro-car-championship-3578891|access-date=2025-06-19}}</ref> He is the Managing Director of Car House Imports, and Director of Car House Ltd.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-03|title=Fashion & Profession: Avik Anwar - The InCAP|url=https://theincap.com/fashion-profession-avik-anwar/|access-date=2025-06-21|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jahan|first=Nadima|date=2022-04-13|title='Winning a championship is not easy'|url=https://en.prothomalo.com/sports/winning-a-championship-is-not-easy|access-date=2025-06-23|website=Prothomalo|language=en}}</ref> == Career == Avik has participated in Rally Cross, the only motor sports competition held in Bangladesh so far, since 2014. He became a hat-trick champion in the competition held in Munshiganj, Dhaka. That confidence gave Avik the courage to race in the international arena, "I came first the first two times by a microsecond. But in 2016, he became the champion."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Zaman|first=K. Tanzeel|date=2020-10-10|title=Avik Anwar- FORMULA ONE,In Pole Position|url=https://icetoday.net/2020/10/avik-anwar-formula-onein-pole-position/|access-date=2025-06-21|website=ICE Today|language=en-US}}</ref> He was appointed Brand Ambassador for Meghna Group of Industries (MGI).<ref>{{Cite web|title=MGI Brand Ambassador Avik Anwar bags another victory|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/business/323768/mgi-brand-ambassador-avik-anwar-bags-another|access-date=2025-06-19|website=Dhaka Tribune|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-21|title=MGI to sponsor motor racer Avik|url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/129839/article/35972|access-date=2025-06-21|website=www.newagebd.net|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=MGI becomes lead sponsor of Avik Anwar -|url=https://www.observerbd.com/news/298557|access-date=2025-06-21|website=The Daily Observer}}</ref> And he got brand partnerships with Caltex and Lubricants.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-09-07|title=Caltex Lubricants partners with Bangladesh's motorsports legend Avik Anwar|language=en|work=The Daily Star|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/tech-startup/news/caltex-lubricants-partners-bangladeshs-motorsports-legend-avik-anwar-3413281|access-date=2025-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901133756/https://www.thedailystar.net/tech-startup/news/caltex-lubricants-partners-bangladeshs-motorsports-legend-avik-anwar-3413281|archive-date=2024-09-01|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-09-05|title=Avik Anwar partners with Caltex Lubricants|url=https://www.tbsnews.net/sports/avik-anwar-partners-caltex-lubricants-695406|access-date=2025-06-21|website=The Business Standard|language=en}}</ref> He participated in the 2024 FIA Motorsport Games Touring Car Cup.<ref>{{Cite web|last=TouringCarTimes|date=2024-10-07|title=Montenegro, Anwar, Reis, Tomlinson and Kout joins FIA Motorsport Games grid|url=https://www.touringcartimes.com/2024/10/07/montenegro-anwar-reis-tomlinson-and-kout-joins-fia-motorsport-games-grid/|access-date=2025-06-21|website=TouringCarTimes|language=en-US}}</ref> And he compete in the Clio Cup Middle East.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2025-02-16|title=Avik Anwar secures podium finish in Clio Cup Middle East|language=en|work=The Daily Star|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/tech-startup/news/avik-anwar-secures-podium-finish-clio-cup-middle-east-3825841|access-date=2025-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250328091004/https://www.thedailystar.net/tech-startup/news/avik-anwar-secures-podium-finish-clio-cup-middle-east-3825841|archive-date=2025-03-28|url-status=live}}</ref> == Awards == * Won a [[bronze medal]] at the [[Sepang International Circuit]], a [[Formula One]] track in [[Malaysia]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-08-28|title=Avik Anwar triumphs in Malaysia Championship Series|language=en|work=The Daily Star|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/tech-startup/news/avik-anwar-triumphs-malaysia-championship-series-3405136|access-date=2025-06-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203143543/https://www.thedailystar.net/tech-startup/news/avik-anwar-triumphs-malaysia-championship-series-3405136|archive-date=2024-02-03|url-status=live}}</ref> * The Marvel of Tomorrow– Influencers Fest & Award.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-12-10|title=A night for content creators|language=en|work=The Daily Star|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/news/night-content-creators-3192461|access-date=2025-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250504124934/https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/news/night-content-creators-3192461|archive-date=2025-05-04|url-status=live}}</ref> == References == cbep9ngi8q1o59zgtlcvtw0msjhaa30 0 1199308 10369346 10360088 2025-07-03T10:14:22Z 174.98.170.14 10369346 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uncategorized|date=June 2025}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}} {|{{Infobox ship begin|display title=''Le Griffon''}} {{Infobox ship image |Ship image=[[File:Le-griffon.jpg|right|300px|Woodcut of the ''Griffon'']] |Ship caption=a 17th Century Woodcut/Sketch of ''Le Griffon'' }} {{Infobox ship career |Hide header= |Ship country= |Ship flag={{shipboxflag|New France}} |Ship name=''Le Griffon'' |Ship ordered= |Ship builder=French explorer [[René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle|La Salle]] |Ship original cost= |Ship laid down= |Ship launched=1679 |Ship acquired= |Ship commissioned= |Ship decommissioned= |Ship in service= |Ship out of service= |Ship renamed= |Ship struck= |Ship reinstated= |Ship honours= |Ship captured= |Ship fate=Disappeared on the return trip of her maiden voyage in 1679 |Ship notes=First full sized [[sailing ship]] on the upper [[Great Lakes]]<ref name="History of the Great Lakes">{{cite book |last=Mansfield |first=J.B., Ed. |title=History of the Great Lakes: Volume I |pages=78–90 |url=http://www.maritimehistoryofthegreatlakes.ca/documents/hgl/ |publisher=J.H. Beers & Co. |location=Chicago, Illinois|year=1899 |access-date=8 March 2011}}</ref> }} {{Infobox ship characteristics |Hide header= |Header caption= |Ship class=[[Barque]] |Ship tons burthen=45 [[Builder's Old Measurement|tuns]] |Ship length={{convert|30|to|40|ft|m|0|lk=on}} |Ship beam={{convert|10|to|15|ft|m|0|adj=on}} |Ship draught= |Ship draft= |Ship hold depth= |Ship propulsion= |Ship sail plan=one or two masts; square sails |Ship complement= |Ship armament=7 cannon }} |} '''''Le Griffon''''' ({{IPA|fr|lə ɡʁifɔ̃}}, ''The Griffin'') was a [[sailing vessel]] built by French explorer and fur trader [[René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle]] in the Niagara area of New York in 1679. ===Mississagi Straits claim=== [[File:Mississagi Strait Lighthouse.JPG|left|thumb|250px|Mississagi Strait Lighthouse on Manitoulin Island]] [[File:Wreckage possibly of Le Griffin.jpg|thumb|left|Wreckage possibly of Le Griffon in 1930]] [[File:Possible wreckage of Le Griffon.jpg|thumb|left|Wreckage possibly of Le Griffon in 1930]] In 1873, a lighthouse was constructed near the southwest end of [[Manitoulin Island]] in Lake Huron, manned by a resident keeper. A shipwreck was on the adjacent shore a mile north of the Mississagi lighthouse on Manitoulin Island.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=HWAg1y9FkdQC&dq=cat&pg=PA21 ''Boys Life'' September 1959 pp. 18, 76–77]</ref> In 1887, four skeletons were discovered in a depression behind a boulder, and two more in another nearby limestone cave. They were wrapped in birchbark, and identified as Natives at that time. By coincidence, six was the number of sailors on Le Griffin. Found with the skeletons were a number of metal tokens reportedly with French markings, and a silver watch later dated to the 17th century. The possible remains of Le Griffon were found in 1898 by lighthouse keeper Albert Cullis, on a beach on the western edge of Manitoulin Island in northern Lake Huron. Results of testing some of the artifacts were disputed.<ref>The Wreck of the Griffon, Kohl and Forsberg, 2015. Seawolf Publishing Co.</ref><ref>Ashcroft, Ben. "Le Griffon: The Great Lakes' greatest mystery". ''The Detroit Free Press''.</ref> According to one report the wreck had no centerboard; keel was an oak timber a foot square-it was fastened to two parallel timbers running fore and aft inside the ship. Fastenings were 36 inch iron bolts. At the turn of the bilge the hewed timbers which formed the bottom grooved for grounding keels. Bolts and spikes were crude workmanship cut from square bars and threads formed by forcing a nut into the bar and then finished by hand. The iron was a type smelted by wood as fuel in France during the 1600's. Lead caulking was of a type used in French [[galiot]]s of the period. A couple of lead cups like the end of a plunger for opening drains [tips of rams for loading cannons{?}]. An old indian told lighthouse keeper William Grant that the wreck had been there during the boyhood of his father in 1780s–1790s. The wreck had always been in the memories of the oldest inhabitants; earliest settlers had salvaged iron from the wreck for harrow teeth and used lead from its seams for bullets and fishing weights. Sometime before 1930 a fisherman whose tug was in Mississagi Straits pulling up his anchor found one fluke broken and the other had timbers of a wreck. In the 1930's a Navy commander and a state archeologist saw the hand hewn timbers of the wreck; all that was left was a section of the bottom 15 by 30 feet remained.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=HWAg1y9FkdQC&dq=cat&pg=PA21 ''Boys Life'' September 1959 pp. 76–77]</ref> A 2021 book concludes that Le Griffin was indeed wrecked at Manitoulin Island<ref>[https://issuu.com/michiganshipwrecks/docs/msra_newsletter_25 MSRA Newsletter 25]</ref><ref>[https://wdet.org/2021/05/21/possible-resting-place-of-great-lakes-most-iconic-shipwreck-unveiled-with-photos-and-new-book/ Wdet Possible resting place of great lakes most iconic Shipwreck]</ref> The skeletons, and most of the artifacts collected from the two caves and the wreck, long stored in the lighthouse, were lost in a series of very unfortunate accidents. The remains of the wreck on the shore were washed away in a storm in 1942. All that is left today is a few pieces of iron, wood and some lead caulking from the ship. fyf5pxmdjv8eumcfoqjg2qubntxdfyw 0 1199332 10367998 10350995 2025-07-02T17:43:48Z S2VNPF20130524 1632296 10367998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = [[File:Jackrabbit TV series.png|thumb|Official poster of Jackrabbit]] | genre = Crime drama, Action, Thriller | creator = [[Rayan Hamda Barhoumi]] | writer = [[Rayan Hamda Barhoumi]] | director = [[Rayan Hamda Barhoumi]] | starring = See cast below | country = France | language = French | num_seasons = 3 | num_episodes = 24 | location = Cannes, Nice, Paris | runtime = 45 minutes | first_aired = December 15, 2025 | last_aired = present }} '''Jackrabbit''' is a French crime and action television series created by [[Rayan Hamda Barhoumi]].<ref name="imdb">[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt36958003/ ''Jackrabbit'' – IMDb]</ref> It first premiered on December 15, 2025. The story follows '''Rogue Majedri''', a former military tactical leader turned elite investigator, who becomes a masked vigilante known as '''Jackrabbit''' after the mysterious murder of his mother. ==Plot== Rogue Majedri is a respected investigator in the French police. After a long military career, he now leads critical criminal cases in cities like Nice, Paris, and Cannes.<ref name="imdb" /> But when his mother is murdered and the investigation is suddenly closed, Rogue begins to suspect a hidden conspiracy involving gangs and possibly members of his own unit. Unable to find justice through official ways, he creates a second identity — Jackrabbit — and starts hunting criminals and uncovering truths on his own. Using his tactical skills and deep knowledge of urban crime, he enters a violent world of corruption and betrayal. As he goes deeper, Rogue struggles between justice and revenge. He suffers from PTSD, grief, and doubt. The series mixes action with deep psychological themes about identity, justice, and moral choices.<ref name="site">[https://lytcheess.fr/jackrabbit/ Official synopsis on lytcheess.fr]</ref> ==Cast and characters== * '''Rayan Hamda Barhoumi''' as Rogue Majedri / Jackrabbit * '''Alexandre Darcourt''' as Julien Serra * '''Clémence Valette''' as Rebecca Solberg * '''Serio Wesker''' as Alexandre Legrand / Imperator * '''Chloé Marchais''' as Sophie Marchand * '''Karim Bensalem''' as Farès Djamal * '''Juliette Ramierez''' as Maya Duhamel * '''Stellan Drax''' as The Butcher * '''Lila Mokhtar''' as Nadia Majedri * '''Tibor Mészáros''' as Viktor Szabo * '''Elias Chérif''' as Amine Bektar * '''Alîcha Legrand''' as Laura Mendes * '''Michel Jarry''' as Léonard Vasseur<ref name="plex">[https://watch.plex.tv/fr/show/jackrabbit Full cast on Plex]</ref> ==Production== The series was created and written by [[Rayan Hamda Barhoumi]].<ref name="imdb" /> It is set and filmed in different French cities including Cannes, Nice, and Paris.<ref name="imdb" /> The show blends real urban environments with fictional gang networks and conspiracies. ==Episodes== * Season 1 (2025) – 8 episodes * Season 2 (2026) – 8 episodes * Season 3 (2026) – 8 episodes ==External links== * [https://lytcheess.fr/jackrabbit Official Website] * [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt36958003/ Jackrabbit on IMDb] * [https://watch.plex.tv/fr/show/jackrabbit Jackrabbit on Plex] ==See also== * [[Rayan Hamda Barhoumi]] – creator, actor and director<ref name="bio">[https://medium.com/@rayanb06220/introduction-ae6ab7099e9c Personal introduction – Medium]</ref> [[Category:French television series]] [[Category:Crime television series]] [[Category:2020s French television series]] [[Category:Television shows set in France]] hupx30gxr69cekgo9r5xxj09b57xye0 10368760 10367998 2025-07-03T02:35:01Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368760 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = [[File:Jackrabbit TV series.png|thumb|Official poster of Jackrabbit]] | genre = Crime drama, Action, Thriller | creator = [[Rayan Hamda Barhoumi]] | writer = [[Rayan Hamda Barhoumi]] | director = [[Rayan Hamda Barhoumi]] | starring = See cast below | country = France | language = French | num_seasons = 3 | num_episodes = 24 | location = Cannes, Nice, Paris | runtime = 45 minutes | first_aired = December 15, 2025 | last_aired = present }} '''Jackrabbit''' is a French crime and action television series created by [[Rayan Hamda Barhoumi]].<ref name="imdb">[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt36958003/ ''Jackrabbit'' – IMDb]</ref> It first premiered on December 15, 2025. The story follows '''Rogue Majedri''', a former military tactical leader turned elite investigator, who becomes a masked vigilante known as '''Jackrabbit''' after the mysterious murder of his mother. ==Plot== Rogue Majedri is a respected investigator in the French police. After a long military career, he now leads critical criminal cases in cities like Nice, Paris, and Cannes.<ref name="imdb" /> But when his mother is murdered and the investigation is suddenly closed, Rogue begins to suspect a hidden conspiracy involving gangs and possibly members of his own unit. Unable to find justice through official ways, he creates a second identity — Jackrabbit — and starts hunting criminals and uncovering truths on his own. Using his tactical skills and deep knowledge of urban crime, he enters a violent world of corruption and betrayal. As he goes deeper, Rogue struggles between justice and revenge. He suffers from PTSD, grief, and doubt. The series mixes action with deep psychological themes about identity, justice, and moral choices.<ref name="site">[https://lytcheess.fr/jackrabbit/ Official synopsis on lytcheess.fr]</ref> ==Cast and characters== * '''Rayan Hamda Barhoumi''' as Rogue Majedri / Jackrabbit * '''Alexandre Darcourt''' as Julien Serra * '''Clémence Valette''' as Rebecca Solberg * '''Serio Wesker''' as Alexandre Legrand / Imperator * '''Chloé Marchais''' as Sophie Marchand * '''Karim Bensalem''' as Farès Djamal * '''Juliette Ramierez''' as Maya Duhamel * '''Stellan Drax''' as The Butcher * '''Lila Mokhtar''' as Nadia Majedri * '''Tibor Mészáros''' as Viktor Szabo * '''Elias Chérif''' as Amine Bektar * '''Alîcha Legrand''' as Laura Mendes * '''Michel Jarry''' as Léonard Vasseur<ref name="plex">[https://watch.plex.tv/fr/show/jackrabbit Full cast on Plex]</ref> ==Production== The series was created and written by [[Rayan Hamda Barhoumi]].<ref name="imdb" /> It is set and filmed in different French cities including Cannes, Nice, and Paris.<ref name="imdb" /> The show blends real urban environments with fictional gang networks and conspiracies. ==Episodes== * Season 1 (2025) – 8 episodes * Season 2 (2026) – 8 episodes * Season 3 (2026) – 8 episodes ==Related pages== * [[Rayan Hamda Barhoumi]] – creator, actor and director<ref name="bio">[https://medium.com/@rayanb06220/introduction-ae6ab7099e9c Personal introduction – Medium]</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [https://lytcheess.fr/jackrabbit Official Website] * [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt36958003/ Jackrabbit on IMDb] * [https://watch.plex.tv/fr/show/jackrabbit Jackrabbit on Plex] [[Category:French television series]] [[Category:Crime television series]] [[Category:2020s French television series]] [[Category:Television shows set in France]] nwf0b0c881vgzrp45ck6okd2b20mqbw 0 1199387 10368745 10351381 2025-07-03T02:26:43Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368745 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = Heartbeats (TV series).jpg | caption = Release poster | genre = {{ubl|[[Medical drama]]|[[Romantic drama]]}} | writer = Alka Shukla Abhinav Vaidya Charul Prabhakar | director = Vikram Rai | starring = {{ubl|Harsh Beniwal|[[Shivangi Joshi]]|[[Nishant Singh Malkani]]}} | narrated = | composer = | country = India | language = Hindi and English | num_seasons = 1 | num_episodes = 19 | list_episodes = | producer = {{ubl|Arif Shaikh|Dhingraa Neerajh}} | location = [[Mumbai]] | cinematography = {{ubl|Ajinkya Pandit|Rajiv Singh}} | editor = Jay Prakash Mukhiya | runtime = 22-25 minutes | company = | network = [[MX Player]] | first_aired = {{Start date|df=y|2024|11|29}} | last_aired = }} '''''Heartbeats: Pyaar aur Armaan''''' ({{Translation|''Heartbeats: Love and Desires''}}) is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Medical drama]] series which premiered on 29 November 2024 on [[MX Player]]. It focuses on the personal and professional lives of surgical interns. The star cast includes Harsh Beniwal and [[Shivangi Joshi]] in lead roles. == Cast == * Harsh Beniwal - Akshat Yadav * [[Shivangi Joshi]] - Saanjh Arora * Nishant Singh Malkani - Dr. Sandeep * Yuvraj Dua - Rishi * Shreya Kalra - Dr. Chetna * Tasneem Khan - Ruchi * Anmol Kajani - Pulkit == Production == The series was announced by the cast members of the show in their Social Media which consisting of nineteen episodes. Harsh Beniwal, [[Shivangi Joshi]], Nishant Singh Malkani and Yuvraj Dua were cast to appear in the series. == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * {{IMDb title|id=tt34748043}} [[Category:Hindi-language television series]] [[Category:2020s Indian television series]] 6umt7c6c7ig4ygk49pdpj4c4fwyzf0x 0 1199490 10368687 10352595 2025-07-03T02:04:42Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368687 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Aliia Roza | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1985|05|18}} | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | other_names = | occupation = television presenter, producer, fashion model, actress and philanthropist. | years_active = | known_for = former Russian spy<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/video/6320810920112|title=Ex-spy Aliia Roza, trained in KGB-style persuasion, shares seduction tips|website=[[Fox News]]|date=2023-02-18|author=Brian Klimeade}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/video/6347448713112|title=Biden meets with Navalny's widow, daughter as US set to impose more than 500 sanctions on Russia|date=2024-02-23|website=[[Fox News]]}}</ref> | notable_works = “To Die For” audiobook }} '''Aliia Roza''' (born 18 May 1985) is a Russian-born American influencer,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.co.uk/culture/rob-priors-love-and-light-brings-aliia-rozas-story-to-life-at-moa-miami-49020/|title=Rob Prior’s ‘Love and Light’ Brings Aliia Roza’s Story to Life at MOA Miami|author=Taylor Berry|website=rollingstone.co.uk|date=2025-03-25|publisher=[[Rolling Stone (magazine)|Rolling Stone]]}}</ref> television presenter, producer, fashion model, actress and philanthropist. She is known in the international media as a "former Russian spy".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tmz.com/2022/03/11/former-russian-spy-aliia-roza-turns-vladimir-putin-ukraine-war/|title=Former Russian Spy Aliia Roza Turns on Vladimir Putin Over Ukraine|publisher=[[TMZ]]|website=tmz.com|date=2022-03-11}}</ref><ref name="Paul Farrell">{{cite web|url=https://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-12545417/amp/Im-ex-KGB-agent-taught-seduce-men-man-want-five-tips-include-mind-trick-play-men.html|title=I'm an ex FSB agent who was taught to seduce men - and I can show you how to get any man you want: My five top tips include a mind trick you should play on men|publisher=[[Daily Mail]]|website=dailymail.co.uk|author=Paul Farrell|date=2023-09-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.bild.de/politik/ausland/politik-ausland/aliia-roza-ex-russen-spionin-gibt-liebes-tipps-so-angle-ich-mir-jeden-mann-82896390.bildMobile.html|title=Ex-Russen-Spionin gibt Liebes-Tipps: So wickle ich jeden Mann um den Finger|publisher=[[Bild]]|website=bild.de|author=Christopher Buhl|date=2023-02-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1815307/kgb-spy-Russia-vladimir-putin|title=‘I used to seduce foreign agents for the KGB – now I teach women to get any man they want’|website=express.co.uk|date=2023-09-21|author=Christopher Sharp|publisher=[[Daily Express]]}}</ref> == Early life == She was born in the [[USSR]] into a [[Kazakhs|Kazakh]]-[[Tatars|Tatar]] family of high-ranking military officers in the Soviet Union.<ref name="seelemag"/> Her grandfather was a National Hero who fought the Nazis during [[World War II]] and was later honored for his courage and skill.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/18012655/ex-russian-spy-sex-acts-military-academy/|title=UNDER-COVERS I’m an ‘ex-Russian spy and I was taught how to seduce targets and perform sex acts in military academy’|publisher=[[The Sun]]|website=thesun.co.uk|date=2022-03-20|author=Alex Diaz}}</ref> After completing her studies at the [[Academy of Foreign Intelligence|Secret Military Academy of Internal Affairs]] in [[Russia]], Aliia Roza worked as a secret service agent for the operational and criminal investigation department, where she focused on stopping human and [[Federal Drug Control Service of Russia|drug trafficking]] from [[Afghanistan]] and saving the lives of many people.<ref name="Paul Farrell"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-11744327/amp/Im-ex-KGB-spy-trained-art-seduction.html|title=I'm an ex-KGB spy trained in the art of seduction - these are my tips for bagging a man, including bringing a PLUNGER to a bar with you|publisher=[[Daily Mail]]|website=dailymail.co.uk|author=Claire Toureille|date=2023-02-13}}</ref> A few years later she quit her job and moved to Europe where she was educated and earned her master's degree in [[Istituto Marangoni]] in [[London]]. Aliia Roza, in collaboration with bestselling author [[Neil Strauss]], has produced an audiobook “To Die For” that has reached the top 6 in worldwide charts where she shares her life story having spy missions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/former-russian-sex-spy-says-was-trained-master-manipulator.amp|title=Former Russian sex spy says she was trained as a ‘master manipulator’|publisher=[[Fox News]]|website=foxnews.com|author=Stephanie Nolasco|date=2024-04-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2024/03/neil-strauss-russian-sexpionage-podcast-to-die-for-1235855112/|title=Neil Strauss To Host Russian Sexpionage Podcast ‘To Die For’ As Part Of Tenderfoot TV Slate|publisher=Deadline|website=deadline.com|date=Peter White|date=2024-03-12}}</ref> == Career == After graduating, she went on to found her fashion public relations agency, Roza Club,<ref name="seelemag">{{cite web|url=https://seelemag.com/home/former-russian-secret-agent-aliia-roza-the-world-of-james-bond-salt-and-red-sparrow-is-glamorous-but-its-not|title=Podcast Episode 41: Former Russian Secret Agent Aliia Roza- “People Think That the World of James Bond, Salt, and Red Sparrow Is Glamorous, But It’s Not”|website=seelemag.com|author=Ally Portee|date=2024-07-24}}</ref> which has organized more than 30 humanitarian events and assisted underprivileged children and women in the [[London]] and [[Paris]] areas,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-sun.com/news/4872840/russian-spy-taking-stand-putin-ukraine-aliia-roza/amp/|title=AGENT PROVOCATEUR I was a Russian spy but I fell in love with my target – now I’m taking a stand against Putin after Ukraine invasion|publisher=[[The Sun]]|website=thesun.co.uk|date=2022-03-11|author=Forrest McFarland}}</ref> and has worked with brands including [[Cartier]], [[Chopard]], [[Rolls Royce]], [[Balmain]], [[Roberto Cavalli]].<ref name="seelemag"/> She has also been the face of the luxury diamond brand [[Damiani (jewelry company)|Damiani]].<ref name="seelemag"/> As a fashion model, Aliia Roza has appeared in [[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]], [[Tatler]], Woman Sense, and other magazines, publications.<ref name="seelemag"/> Roza has also worked as a TV presenter with [[MTV (Russian TV channel)|MTV Russia]], [[CBS]], and as a red carpet fashion presenter in [[Miami]], producing fashion documentaries. She is a columnist in the Times Monaco magazine.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesmonaco.com/dress-like-a-spy-unlocking-the-power-of-fashion-to-seduce-influence-and-empower-by-aliia-roza/|title=Dress Like a Spy Unlocking The Power of Fashion to Seduce, Influence, and Empower|publisher=Times Monaco|date=2025-01-16}}</ref> == Social activities == As a philanthropist, Aliia Roza has organized charity events and galas in [[Monaco]], [[Cannes]], [[Paris]], [[London]], and [[Marbella]] and has a large social media following with over 1 million followers on her verified [[Instagram]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aaandmproductions.com/aliia-roza|title=Aliia Roza|website=aaandmproductions.com}}</ref> Since 2018, she has been designated as an ambassador of the [https://www.bestbeginnings.org.uk Best Beginnings Charity] in [[London]], which has the [[British Royal Family]]'s endorsement.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/23107769/kgb-spy-trained-putin-manipulative-madman-aliia-roza/amp/|title=THE ENEMY WITHIN I’m an ex-KGB spy who trained at the same military academy as Putin – I know how he thinks and he’s a master manipulator|publisher=[[The Sun]]|website=thesun.co.uk|date=2023-07-23|author=Iona Cleave}}</ref> She has been introduced to Queen [[Elizabeth II]] and King [[Charles III]] as a result of her outstanding volunteer work.<ref name="seelemag"/> Aliia Roza is a prominent speaker at various conferences and has delivered speeches at the [[United Nations]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2022/03/11/ex-russian-spy-who-fell-in-love-with-target-blasts-putin/|title=Ex-Russian spy who fell in love with target blasts Putin: ‘He’ll stop at nothing’|publisher=[[New York Post]]|website=nypost.com|date=2022-03-11|author=Andrew Court}}</ref> == Recognition == In 2019 and 2022, Aliia Roza was awarded the Woman Empowerment influencer title by [[World Influencers and Bloggers Awards|WIBA]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/stephanrabimov/2019/06/07/world-bloggers-awards-makes-history-in-cannes/|title=World Bloggers Awards Makes History In Cannes|publisher=[[Forbes]]|website=forbes.com|author=Stephan Rabimov|date=2019-06-07}}</ref> during the [[Cannes Film Festival]] and [[Venice Film Festival]].<ref name="seelemag"/> She also became a reigning pageant Queen and was crowned [[Miss Asia Pacific International 2017|Miss Asia 2017]] with former Miss Universe [[Sushmita Sen]] crowning her in [[London]].<ref name="seelemag"/> == References == {{reflist|2}} == Other websites == *{{IMDb name|nm12073892|Aliia Roza}} *{{Instagram|aliiaroza|Aliia Roza}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rozа, Aliia}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:1985 births]] [[Category:American television presenters]] [[Category:American producers]] [[Category:American philanthropists]] p7d3rl8zj3cw9eyscvd1ipjylc266op 10368688 10368687 2025-07-03T02:04:54Z KiranBOT 1617448 removed AMP tracking from URLs ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|details]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|report error]]) v2.2.7r 10368688 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Aliia Roza | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1985|05|18}} | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | other_names = | occupation = television presenter, producer, fashion model, actress and philanthropist. | years_active = | known_for = former Russian spy<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/video/6320810920112|title=Ex-spy Aliia Roza, trained in KGB-style persuasion, shares seduction tips|website=[[Fox News]]|date=2023-02-18|author=Brian Klimeade}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/video/6347448713112|title=Biden meets with Navalny's widow, daughter as US set to impose more than 500 sanctions on Russia|date=2024-02-23|website=[[Fox News]]}}</ref> | notable_works = “To Die For” audiobook }} '''Aliia Roza''' (born 18 May 1985) is a Russian-born American influencer,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.co.uk/culture/rob-priors-love-and-light-brings-aliia-rozas-story-to-life-at-moa-miami-49020/|title=Rob Prior’s ‘Love and Light’ Brings Aliia Roza’s Story to Life at MOA Miami|author=Taylor Berry|website=rollingstone.co.uk|date=2025-03-25|publisher=[[Rolling Stone (magazine)|Rolling Stone]]}}</ref> television presenter, producer, fashion model, actress and philanthropist. She is known in the international media as a "former Russian spy".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tmz.com/2022/03/11/former-russian-spy-aliia-roza-turns-vladimir-putin-ukraine-war/|title=Former Russian Spy Aliia Roza Turns on Vladimir Putin Over Ukraine|publisher=[[TMZ]]|website=tmz.com|date=2022-03-11}}</ref><ref name="Paul Farrell">{{cite web|url=https://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-12545417/amp/Im-ex-KGB-agent-taught-seduce-men-man-want-five-tips-include-mind-trick-play-men.html|title=I'm an ex FSB agent who was taught to seduce men - and I can show you how to get any man you want: My five top tips include a mind trick you should play on men|publisher=[[Daily Mail]]|website=dailymail.co.uk|author=Paul Farrell|date=2023-09-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.bild.de/politik/ausland/politik-ausland/aliia-roza-ex-russen-spionin-gibt-liebes-tipps-so-angle-ich-mir-jeden-mann-82896390.bildMobile.html|title=Ex-Russen-Spionin gibt Liebes-Tipps: So wickle ich jeden Mann um den Finger|publisher=[[Bild]]|website=bild.de|author=Christopher Buhl|date=2023-02-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1815307/kgb-spy-Russia-vladimir-putin|title=‘I used to seduce foreign agents for the KGB – now I teach women to get any man they want’|website=express.co.uk|date=2023-09-21|author=Christopher Sharp|publisher=[[Daily Express]]}}</ref> == Early life == She was born in the [[USSR]] into a [[Kazakhs|Kazakh]]-[[Tatars|Tatar]] family of high-ranking military officers in the Soviet Union.<ref name="seelemag"/> Her grandfather was a National Hero who fought the Nazis during [[World War II]] and was later honored for his courage and skill.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/18012655/ex-russian-spy-sex-acts-military-academy/|title=UNDER-COVERS I’m an ‘ex-Russian spy and I was taught how to seduce targets and perform sex acts in military academy’|publisher=[[The Sun]]|website=thesun.co.uk|date=2022-03-20|author=Alex Diaz}}</ref> After completing her studies at the [[Academy of Foreign Intelligence|Secret Military Academy of Internal Affairs]] in [[Russia]], Aliia Roza worked as a secret service agent for the operational and criminal investigation department, where she focused on stopping human and [[Federal Drug Control Service of Russia|drug trafficking]] from [[Afghanistan]] and saving the lives of many people.<ref name="Paul Farrell"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-11744327/amp/Im-ex-KGB-spy-trained-art-seduction.html|title=I'm an ex-KGB spy trained in the art of seduction - these are my tips for bagging a man, including bringing a PLUNGER to a bar with you|publisher=[[Daily Mail]]|website=dailymail.co.uk|author=Claire Toureille|date=2023-02-13}}</ref> A few years later she quit her job and moved to Europe where she was educated and earned her master's degree in [[Istituto Marangoni]] in [[London]]. Aliia Roza, in collaboration with bestselling author [[Neil Strauss]], has produced an audiobook “To Die For” that has reached the top 6 in worldwide charts where she shares her life story having spy missions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/former-russian-sex-spy-says-was-trained-master-manipulator.amp|title=Former Russian sex spy says she was trained as a ‘master manipulator’|publisher=[[Fox News]]|website=foxnews.com|author=Stephanie Nolasco|date=2024-04-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2024/03/neil-strauss-russian-sexpionage-podcast-to-die-for-1235855112/|title=Neil Strauss To Host Russian Sexpionage Podcast ‘To Die For’ As Part Of Tenderfoot TV Slate|publisher=Deadline|website=deadline.com|date=Peter White|date=2024-03-12}}</ref> == Career == After graduating, she went on to found her fashion public relations agency, Roza Club,<ref name="seelemag">{{cite web|url=https://seelemag.com/home/former-russian-secret-agent-aliia-roza-the-world-of-james-bond-salt-and-red-sparrow-is-glamorous-but-its-not|title=Podcast Episode 41: Former Russian Secret Agent Aliia Roza- “People Think That the World of James Bond, Salt, and Red Sparrow Is Glamorous, But It’s Not”|website=seelemag.com|author=Ally Portee|date=2024-07-24}}</ref> which has organized more than 30 humanitarian events and assisted underprivileged children and women in the [[London]] and [[Paris]] areas,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-sun.com/news/4872840/russian-spy-taking-stand-putin-ukraine-aliia-roza/|title=AGENT PROVOCATEUR I was a Russian spy but I fell in love with my target – now I’m taking a stand against Putin after Ukraine invasion|publisher=[[The Sun]]|website=thesun.co.uk|date=2022-03-11|author=Forrest McFarland}}</ref> and has worked with brands including [[Cartier]], [[Chopard]], [[Rolls Royce]], [[Balmain]], [[Roberto Cavalli]].<ref name="seelemag"/> She has also been the face of the luxury diamond brand [[Damiani (jewelry company)|Damiani]].<ref name="seelemag"/> As a fashion model, Aliia Roza has appeared in [[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]], [[Tatler]], Woman Sense, and other magazines, publications.<ref name="seelemag"/> Roza has also worked as a TV presenter with [[MTV (Russian TV channel)|MTV Russia]], [[CBS]], and as a red carpet fashion presenter in [[Miami]], producing fashion documentaries. She is a columnist in the Times Monaco magazine.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesmonaco.com/dress-like-a-spy-unlocking-the-power-of-fashion-to-seduce-influence-and-empower-by-aliia-roza/|title=Dress Like a Spy Unlocking The Power of Fashion to Seduce, Influence, and Empower|publisher=Times Monaco|date=2025-01-16}}</ref> == Social activities == As a philanthropist, Aliia Roza has organized charity events and galas in [[Monaco]], [[Cannes]], [[Paris]], [[London]], and [[Marbella]] and has a large social media following with over 1 million followers on her verified [[Instagram]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aaandmproductions.com/aliia-roza|title=Aliia Roza|website=aaandmproductions.com}}</ref> Since 2018, she has been designated as an ambassador of the [https://www.bestbeginnings.org.uk Best Beginnings Charity] in [[London]], which has the [[British Royal Family]]'s endorsement.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/23107769/kgb-spy-trained-putin-manipulative-madman-aliia-roza/|title=THE ENEMY WITHIN I’m an ex-KGB spy who trained at the same military academy as Putin – I know how he thinks and he’s a master manipulator|publisher=[[The Sun]]|website=thesun.co.uk|date=2023-07-23|author=Iona Cleave}}</ref> She has been introduced to Queen [[Elizabeth II]] and King [[Charles III]] as a result of her outstanding volunteer work.<ref name="seelemag"/> Aliia Roza is a prominent speaker at various conferences and has delivered speeches at the [[United Nations]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2022/03/11/ex-russian-spy-who-fell-in-love-with-target-blasts-putin/|title=Ex-Russian spy who fell in love with target blasts Putin: ‘He’ll stop at nothing’|publisher=[[New York Post]]|website=nypost.com|date=2022-03-11|author=Andrew Court}}</ref> == Recognition == In 2019 and 2022, Aliia Roza was awarded the Woman Empowerment influencer title by [[World Influencers and Bloggers Awards|WIBA]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/stephanrabimov/2019/06/07/world-bloggers-awards-makes-history-in-cannes/|title=World Bloggers Awards Makes History In Cannes|publisher=[[Forbes]]|website=forbes.com|author=Stephan Rabimov|date=2019-06-07}}</ref> during the [[Cannes Film Festival]] and [[Venice Film Festival]].<ref name="seelemag"/> She also became a reigning pageant Queen and was crowned [[Miss Asia Pacific International 2017|Miss Asia 2017]] with former Miss Universe [[Sushmita Sen]] crowning her in [[London]].<ref name="seelemag"/> == References == {{reflist|2}} == Other websites == *{{IMDb name|nm12073892|Aliia Roza}} *{{Instagram|aliiaroza|Aliia Roza}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rozа, Aliia}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:1985 births]] [[Category:American television presenters]] [[Category:American producers]] [[Category:American philanthropists]] d1ji6d3uaq0t10q5mh260flmv8ljc7f 4 1199495 10368185 10353092 2025-07-02T20:08:30Z Ferien 1011873 close 10368185 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="boilerplate" style="background-color: #EDEAFF; padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px; border: 1px solid #8779DD;"> :''The following discussion is closed. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive top--> ---- {{deleted}} --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:08, 2 July 2025 (UTC) === Downtown Kilgore === :{{lc|Downtown Kilgore}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Downtown Kilgore|action=edit}} close request]</span> CountryANDWestern ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' AI text dump about a downtown that isn’t necessarily notable [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 21:02, 24 June 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *{{vd}} clearly AI written and is very promotional in nature. Would require a total rewrite to omit bias. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:41, 25 June 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''21:02, 1 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> ---- :''The above discussion is preserved as an [[Help:Archiving a talk page|archive]]. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not change it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page, such as the current discussion page. No more changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive bottom --></div> 0ass2rjzsonoevullzoa28556q6swmh 4 1199511 10368188 10360176 2025-07-02T20:10:09Z Ferien 1011873 close 10368188 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="boilerplate" style="background-color: #EDEAFF; padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px; border: 1px solid #8779DD;"> :''The following discussion is closed. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive top--> ---- {{deleted}} --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:10, 2 July 2025 (UTC) === Minnie Ingersoll === :{{lc|Minnie Ingersoll}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Minnie Ingersoll|action=edit}} close request]</span> BRPever ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Fails, [[WP:GNG]]. Looks like UPE. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 21:49, 24 June 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *This article has been revised to fully comply with Wikipedia’s neutrality and sourcing policies. Multiple reliable, independent sources such as ''TechCrunch'', ''Business Insider'', and ''dot.LA'' provide significant coverage of Minnie Ingersoll’s career, demonstrating clear notability (per WP:GNG). Promotional or non-neutral language has been removed, and all references have been reformatted correctly. I believe this article now meets inclusion criteria and respectfully recommend it be '''kept'''. Happy to collaborate further if improvements are still needed. [[User:Gulfsam|Gulfsam]] ([[User talk:Gulfsam|talk]]) 22:06, 24 June 2025 (UTC) *{{vd}} apart from logical falicies such as "Under her leadership, Shift raised over $300 million and went public via SPAC in 2020." which can't be true since she left the company in 2018, and where it says she joined Code for America in 2017 having left (according to the source) her previous employer in 2018???, there is just not enough RSes to establish notability. Only two sources is not enough to establish notability, one of which is a passing mention in an article you need to pay to read and is only a list of venture capitalists in a single city not the whole country or even the state. There's just not enough out there about her. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:24, 25 June 2025 (UTC) *Since my initial comment, the article has been further improved with corrected dates, added references (e.g. Inside Outside Innovation), and a complete tone audit. It now clearly meets WP:GNG and should be kept. Happy to improve further if needed. [[User:Gulfsam|Gulfsam]] ([[User talk:Gulfsam|talk]]) 18:51, 27 June 2025 (UTC) :<blockquote>''Disclosure of paid editing has been made on my userpage. The article meets WP:GNG with independent sources and neutral tone. No conflict of interest violations exist. I recommend keeping the article.''</blockquote> :[[User:Gulfsam|Gulfsam]] ([[User talk:Gulfsam|talk]]) 18:54, 27 June 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''21:49, 1 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> ---- :''The above discussion is preserved as an [[Help:Archiving a talk page|archive]]. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not change it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page, such as the current discussion page. No more changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive bottom --></div> frmz9emuq560hm43nskbjspc2min0ms 4 1199528 10368190 10353506 2025-07-02T20:12:06Z Ferien 1011873 close 10368190 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="boilerplate" style="background-color: #EDEAFF; padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px; border: 1px solid #8779DD;"> :''The following discussion is closed. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive top--> ---- {{deleted|As a note about A4, co-founding a {{tq|leading IT services and outsourcing firm}} can certainly be considered a claim of significance, and so RfD was probably a reasonable venue for this article. Note the claim of significance is a lower standard to reach than notability.}} --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:12, 2 July 2025 (UTC) === Raj Nagesh Kosaraju === :{{lc|Raj Nagesh Kosaraju}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Raj Nagesh Kosaraju|action=edit}} close request]</span> BRPever ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Lacks reliable coverage for GNG. A quick search didn't help find much in relation to the claims that might make them notable. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 00:37, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *{{vd}} personally I'd delete this as a clear case of A4 as there is no claim of notability made whatsoever '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:48, 25 June 2025 (UTC) *'''Delete''' - agree with Fr333kman; at the level of an A4 nominee. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 10:19, 25 June 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''00:37, 2 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> ---- :''The above discussion is preserved as an [[Help:Archiving a talk page|archive]]. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not change it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page, such as the current discussion page. No more changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive bottom --></div> 9hmaplkuqr7a7573s21od0v1zhcb4dx 4 1199532 10368191 10353018 2025-07-02T20:13:01Z Ferien 1011873 close 10368191 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="boilerplate" style="background-color: #EDEAFF; padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px; border: 1px solid #8779DD;"> :''The following discussion is closed. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive top--> ---- {{deleted}} --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:13, 2 July 2025 (UTC) === Vibez Estate === :{{lc|Vibez Estate}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Vibez Estate|action=edit}} close request]</span> CountryANDWestern ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Does not appear to be notable or supported by reliable sources. Regarding the "awards": first is sourced by press release the company wrote; second award isn't mentioned in the source; company isn't mentioned at all in the source for the third award except that it was written by its CEO; fourth award isn't sourced; the fifth award is also sourced from a press release by the company. None of these awards are notable or even verifiable. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 00:49, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *{{vd}} can't find any reliable sources to confirm notability. Only the companies own website, Facebook, Instagram and other blog sites. Totally non-notable company. The awards are all not notable either '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:12, 25 June 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''00:49, 2 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> ---- :''The above discussion is preserved as an [[Help:Archiving a talk page|archive]]. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not change it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page, such as the current discussion page. No more changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive bottom --></div> 79e9nrjsm0hxi0pfnqxkdyfktl8zdey 0 1199537 10368845 10352990 2025-07-03T03:20:37Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368845 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Protected area | name = Nor Yauyos-Cochas Landscape Reserve | iucn_category = V | photo = Nevado pariacaca.jpg | photo_caption = [[Pariacaca]] (5,750 m) | location = {{PER}} <br />[[Lima Region]], [[Yauyos Province]]<br />[[Junín Region]], [[Jauja Province]] | nearest_city = | coordinates = | area = {{Convert|2212.68|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} | established = 2001 | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body =[http://www.sernanp.gob.pe SERNANP] |alt_name=Reserva Paisajística Nor Yauyos-Cochas|map=Peru|relief=yes|website=[http://www.sernanp.gob.pe/nor-yauyos-cochas Reserva Paisajística Nor Yauyos-Cochas] (in Spanish) }} The '''Nor Yauyos-Cochas Landscape Reserve''' ({{langx|es|Reserva Paisajística Nor Yauyos-Cochas}}) is a place in [[Peru]]. It is in the [[Lima Region]], [[Yauyos Province]], and in the [[Junín Region]], [[Jauja Province]].<ref name="planet">{{Cite web |url= https://www.protectedplanet.net/nor-yauyos-cochas-landscape-reserve |title= Nor Yauyos - Cochas in Peru |work=[[Protected Planet]]}}</ref> It is in the [[Peruvian Yungas]] and [[Central Andean wet puna]] [[ecoregion]]s.<ref name=ecoregion>{{cite journal |author = Olson, D. M, E. Dinerstein |title = Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth |journal = [[BioScience]] |year = 2001 |volume = 51 |issue = 11 |pages = 933–938 |doi = 10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2 |display-authors = etal |doi-access = free }}</ref> The park has two famous caves in it: [[Sima Pumaqucha]] is one of the deepest caves in South America. [[Qaqa Mach'ay]] is one of the highest caves in the world [[cave survey|that people have explored]].<ref name=inrena>Instituto Nacional de Recursos Naturales - INRENA, Reserva Paisajística Nor Yuayos Cochas, Plan Maestro 2006-2011</ref> == Archaeological sites == There are many places in this park where people go to dig for and study ancient people's things: [[Khuchi Mach'ay]], [[Pirqa Pirqa, Lima|Pirqa Pirqa]], Quchawasi ''(Cochashuasi)'', Qutu Qutu ''(Coto Coto)'', and [[Wamanmarka, Lima|Wamanmarka]] ''(Huamanmarca)''.<ref name=inrena/> == Pictures== <gallery> File:PUMACOCHA.jpg|The lake [[Pumaqucha (Lima)|Pumaqucha]] near the cave [[Sima Pumacocha|Sima Pumaqucha]] with the mountain León Pitakana (left) in the background File:Rabipelao2.jpg|[[Common opossum]] </gallery> ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == * [http://www.parkswatch.org/parkprofile.php?l=eng&country=per&park=nylr www.parkswatch.org / Nor Yauyos-Cochas Landscape Reserve] * [http://www.enjoyperu.com/guiadedestinos/lima/intro/naturaleza-reserva-paisajistica-nor-yauyos-cochas-lima.htm www.enjoyperu.com / Nor Yauyos-Cochas Landscape Reserve] (Spanish) {{coord|12|02|09|S|75|51|42|W|source:eswiki_type:landmark|display=title}} {{geo-stub}} [[Category:Peru]] [[Category:National parks]] mv8vrvhwmu21ffvm9v9nya1ojvnlbel 4 1199540 10368192 10353004 2025-07-02T20:14:04Z Ferien 1011873 close 10368192 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="boilerplate" style="background-color: #EDEAFF; padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px; border: 1px solid #8779DD;"> :''The following discussion is closed. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive top--> ---- {{deleted|[[WP:SOFTDELETE]]}} --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:14, 2 July 2025 (UTC) === Camilla Nascimento de Oliveira === :{{lc|Camilla Nascimento de Oliveira}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Camilla Nascimento de Oliveira|action=edit}} close request]</span> CountryANDWestern ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Questionable notability; only major claim is being candidate for vice mayorship; some coverage related to that but more about the mayoral candidate than anything else [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 01:08, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''01:08, 2 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> ---- :''The above discussion is preserved as an [[Help:Archiving a talk page|archive]]. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not change it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page, such as the current discussion page. No more changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive bottom --></div> t6y4w30it56iq3i4y9wjxl0w7oaka8t 4 1199541 10368194 10353011 2025-07-02T20:15:05Z Ferien 1011873 close 10368194 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="boilerplate" style="background-color: #EDEAFF; padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px; border: 1px solid #8779DD;"> :''The following discussion is closed. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive top--> ---- {{deleted}} --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:15, 2 July 2025 (UTC) === Campo Grande Municipal Youth Secretariat === :{{lc|Campo Grande Municipal Youth Secretariat}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Campo Grande Municipal Youth Secretariat|action=edit}} close request]</span> CountryANDWestern ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Doesn't seem to be a notable/significant "bureau" [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 01:10, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''01:10, 2 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> ---- :''The above discussion is preserved as an [[Help:Archiving a talk page|archive]]. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not change it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page, such as the current discussion page. No more changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive bottom --></div> mxeb5u9p0mvwbjlc09wxlr137wonbdg 4 1199549 10368197 10353120 2025-07-02T20:16:15Z Ferien 1011873 close 10368197 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="boilerplate" style="background-color: #EDEAFF; padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px; border: 1px solid #8779DD;"> :''The following discussion is closed. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive top--> ---- {{deleted}} --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:16, 2 July 2025 (UTC) === Omid Ali Nahvi === :{{lc|Omid Ali Nahvi}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Omid Ali Nahvi|action=edit}} close request]</span> CountryANDWestern ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Notability not confirmed via reliable sources [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 01:49, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *{{vd}} can't find any RSes via Google search and nothing via Google news. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 02:13, 25 June 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''01:49, 2 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> ---- :''The above discussion is preserved as an [[Help:Archiving a talk page|archive]]. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not change it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page, such as the current discussion page. No more changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive bottom --></div> 2l9bj276dj382lp0l4ch63gb9g3w15e 0 1199567 10368832 10353428 2025-07-03T03:16:45Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368832 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = National Youth Theatre | image = | image_size = 260px | founder = [[Michael Croft]]<br />[[Kenneth Spring]] | type = Charity and [[Company limited by guarantee|CLG]] | registration_id = 306075 | headquarters = [[London]], England | key_people = Paul Roseby<br />([[Chief executive officer|CEO]], [[Artistic director|Artistic Director]]) | website = {{URL|nyt.org.uk}} | founded_date = {{start date and age|1956}} }}[[File:National_Youth_Theatre,_Holloway_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1109445.jpg|thumb|Front of the National Youth Theatre building]] The '''National Youth Theatre''' (often called NYT) is a national non-profit organisation based in London. It finds and trains young people in theatre and music. == History == The National Youth Theatre was founded in 1956 by actor Michael Croft. His goal was to bring school-age actors together to perform the plays of William Shakespeare.<ref name="dictionary">{{cite web|title=NYT definition|url=http://www.dictionarycentral.com/definition/national-youth-theatre.html|publisher=Dictionary Central|language=en|accessdate=30 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129115242/http://www.dictionarycentral.com/definition/national-youth-theatre.html|archivedate=29 January 2016}}</ref> The first production was ''Henry V''. Actor Ralph Richardson was so impressed that he agreed to be the company’s first president. == Activities == Young people from the United Kingdom, aged 14 to 21, join the National Youth Theatre by audition.<ref name="auditions">{{cite web|title=National Youth Theatre Acting Auditions|url=http://c1322724.r24.cf3.rackcdn.com/Upload/UserGeneratedMedia/f2ec6af2-4571-40b0-907b-b0ef0f6ef01213.pdf|language=en|accessdate=30 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402043721/http://c1322724.r24.cf3.rackcdn.com/Upload/UserGeneratedMedia/f2ec6af2-4571-40b0-907b-b0ef0f6ef01213.pdf|archivedate=2 April 2013}}</ref> The organisation is funded by public donations, sponsorship, and grants from Arts Council England.<ref name="auditions2">{{cite web|title=National Youth Theatre Acting Auditions|url=http://c1322724.r24.cf3.rackcdn.com/Upload/UserGeneratedMedia/f2ec6af2-4571-40b0-907b-b0ef0f6ef01213.pdf|language=en|accessdate=30 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402043721/http://c1322724.r24.cf3.rackcdn.com/Upload/UserGeneratedMedia/f2ec6af2-4571-40b0-907b-b0ef0f6ef01213.pdf|archivedate=2 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=National Youth Theatre Productions|url=http://www.ideastap.com/Partners/nationalyouththeatre/productions|publisher=IdeasTap|language=en|accessdate=30 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305102017/http://www.ideastap.com/Partners/nationalyouththeatre/productions|archivedate=5 March 2016}}</ref> == References == <references /> == Other websites == * [http://www.nyt.org.uk/ Official website] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121126022352/http://www.ideastap.com/Partners/nationalyouththeatre IdeasTap profile] [[Category:Theatres in London]] c4kfp7c2ch2yt9exzxqjeq84poomk2z 0 1199568 10368846 10353443 2025-07-03T03:22:33Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368846 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nora Miao''' ({{zh|c=苗可秀|p=Miáo Kěxiù}}, Cantonese: Miu Ho-Sau; born January 8, 1952) is a Hong Kong actress and martial artist best known for co-starring with Bruce Lee in several Golden Harvest movies.<ref>[https://sg.style.yahoo.com/nora-miao-admits-relationships-married-men-040800420.html Nora Miao admits relationships with married men] Yahoo Style Singapore.</ref> == Early life == Nora Miao attended St. Teresa’s School in Kowloon, a Catholic girls’ school.<ref name="guioteca">[https://www.guioteca.com/artes-marciales/nora-miao-la-atractiva-actriz-que-revelo-haber-sido-companera-y-amante-de-bruce-lee/ Revelations of Nora Miao] Guioteca.</ref> == Career == In 1968, she met actor and talent agent Ko Chun-hsiung, who cast her in several movies as his leading lady. Her breakthrough came in 1971 when Raymond Chow cast her in ''The Blade Spares None''.<ref>[[imdbtitle:0067103|The Blade Spares None]] IMDb.</ref> She then signed with Golden Harvest and co-starred opposite Bruce Lee in classics such as ''The Big Boss'' (1971), ''Fist of Fury'' (1972), and ''Way of the Dragon'' (1972). After Lee's death in 1973, Miao and her brother Rickie Chan formed a small production company. She continued to act in martial arts movies through the late 1970s. She made a cameo in the 2010 movie ''Merry-Go-Round''. == Later life == Nora Miao is now retired. She divides her time between Toronto, Canada—where she hosts a program on CCBC Radio—and Hong Kong. == Filmography == * ''The Blade Spares None'' (1971) * ''The Big Boss'' / ''Fists of Fury'' (1971) * ''Fist of Fury'' / ''The Chinese Connection'' (1972) * ''Way of the Dragon'' / ''Return of the Dragon'' (1972) * ''Naughty! Naughty!'' (1974) * ''New Fist of Fury'' (1976) * ''Clans of Intrigue'' (1977) * ''The Last Duel'' (1978) * ''Young Dragon'' (1979) * ''The Rise and Fall of the Qing Dynasty'' (1987) * ''How to Meet the Lucky Stars'' (1996) * ''Dragon Fist'' * ''Run Papa Run'' (2008) * ''Merry-Go-Round'' (2010) == References == <references /> == Other websites == * {{IMDB name|0583963}} [[Category:1952 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Martial artists]] 2dtcsxphxoshem3itf7t4z4irv7rw5o 4 1199589 10368200 10353558 2025-07-02T20:17:12Z Ferien 1011873 close 10368200 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="boilerplate" style="background-color: #EDEAFF; padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px; border: 1px solid #8779DD;"> :''The following discussion is closed. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive top--> ---- {{deleted}} --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:17, 2 July 2025 (UTC) === Pahariwood === :{{lc|Pahariwood}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pahariwood|action=edit}} close request]</span> CountryANDWestern ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Doesn’t appear to be a notable term/concept. Only source doesn’t appear to be reliable. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 11:16, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''11:16, 2 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> ---- :''The above discussion is preserved as an [[Help:Archiving a talk page|archive]]. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not change it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page, such as the current discussion page. No more changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive bottom --></div> 0propzh55ax90spbfl0otjm80xnou4d 10368201 10368200 2025-07-02T20:17:41Z Ferien 1011873 softdelete note ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Jon Harald Søby/diffedit|diffedit]]) 10368201 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="boilerplate" style="background-color: #EDEAFF; padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px; border: 1px solid #8779DD;"> :''The following discussion is closed. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive top--> ---- {{deleted|[[WP:SOFTDELETE]]}} --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:17, 2 July 2025 (UTC) === Pahariwood === :{{lc|Pahariwood}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Pahariwood|action=edit}} close request]</span> CountryANDWestern ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Doesn’t appear to be a notable term/concept. Only source doesn’t appear to be reliable. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 11:16, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''11:16, 2 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> ---- :''The above discussion is preserved as an [[Help:Archiving a talk page|archive]]. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not change it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page, such as the current discussion page. No more changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive bottom --></div> o9s314jjdi23ed7bhidyselrlzdgpav 4 1199603 10368250 10353616 2025-07-02T20:51:00Z Fr33kman 15149 /* Discussion */ d 10368250 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Lingwa de planeta === :{{lc|Lingwa de planeta}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lingwa de planeta|action=edit}} close request]</span> CountryANDWestern ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Notability not expressed through reliable sources. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:43, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *{{vd}} can't find any reliable sources that indicate notability. Most Created languages are usually projects of linguistics scholars '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:50, 2 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''12:43, 2 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> i9awx0a9tln82iyoh76h4x6g3buhi0p 10368664 10368250 2025-07-03T01:53:41Z Auntof6 22027 close 10368664 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="boilerplate" style="background-color: #EDEAFF; padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px; border: 1px solid #8779DD;"> :''The following discussion is closed. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive top--> ----<!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> {{deleted}} --[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 01:53, 3 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Lingwa de planeta === :{{lc|Lingwa de planeta}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Lingwa de planeta|action=edit}} close request]</span> CountryANDWestern ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Notability not expressed through reliable sources. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:43, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *{{vd}} can't find any reliable sources that indicate notability. Most Created languages are usually projects of linguistics scholars '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:50, 2 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''12:43, 2 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> ---- :''The above discussion is preserved as an [[Help:Archiving a talk page|archive]]. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not change it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page, such as the current discussion page. No more changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive bottom --></div> 4ocyux68j8gi4abbsdj5sk6likyd8ge 4 1199605 10368203 10354253 2025-07-02T20:19:12Z Ferien 1011873 close 10368203 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="boilerplate" style="background-color: #EDEAFF; padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px; border: 1px solid #8779DD;"> :''The following discussion is closed. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive top--> ---- {{deleted}} --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:19, 2 July 2025 (UTC) === Tom Aposporos === :{{lc|Tom Aposporos}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tom Aposporos|action=edit}} close request]</span> CountryANDWestern ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Notability not proven through any sources. While he may be notable within his community of 30,000 people, he is not notable on a grander scale. Being mayor 4 consecutive terms doesn’t make him notable outside of his town nor does being 27. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:50, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *'''Delete''' - Unfortunately, reliable sources do not show notability on a larger scale. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 20:55, 25 June 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''12:50, 2 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> ---- :''The above discussion is preserved as an [[Help:Archiving a talk page|archive]]. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not change it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page, such as the current discussion page. No more changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive bottom --></div> k78yf7gnz5x1rf0l4n8bgi7vjubvz48 4 1199607 10368205 10353642 2025-07-02T20:20:32Z Ferien 1011873 close 10368205 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="boilerplate" style="background-color: #EDEAFF; padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px; border: 1px solid #8779DD;"> :''The following discussion is closed. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive top--> ---- {{deleted|[[WP:SOFTDELETE]]}} --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:20, 2 July 2025 (UTC) === Todd Orlando === :{{lc|Todd Orlando}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Todd Orlando|action=edit}} close request]</span> CountryANDWestern ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Doesn’t meet our [[WP:ATHLETE]] standards. He didn’t play beyond minor leagues aside from invites to preseason camps in the NHL. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:55, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''12:55, 2 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> ---- :''The above discussion is preserved as an [[Help:Archiving a talk page|archive]]. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not change it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page, such as the current discussion page. No more changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive bottom --></div> r8udj50mfuotdhdrif42owvbyc5zpkc 4 1199608 10368206 10353654 2025-07-02T20:21:32Z Ferien 1011873 close 10368206 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="boilerplate" style="background-color: #EDEAFF; padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px; border: 1px solid #8779DD;"> :''The following discussion is closed. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive top--> ---- {{deleted|[[WP:SOFTDELETE]]}} --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:21, 2 July 2025 (UTC) === Tony Ricca === :{{lc|Tony Ricca}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Tony Ricca|action=edit}} close request]</span> CountryANDWestern ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Notability not proven through reliable sources. His “claim to fame” is that he wrestled in one short match in the WWF. See [[:en: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tony Ricca]] for good breakdown of the sources and analysis of his notability. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 13:02, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''13:02, 2 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> ---- :''The above discussion is preserved as an [[Help:Archiving a talk page|archive]]. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not change it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page, such as the current discussion page. No more changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive bottom --></div> oxyknm9bs62bnrs0vux1y8u0xzj65yl 4 1199610 10368208 10353689 2025-07-02T20:22:28Z Ferien 1011873 close 10368208 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="boilerplate" style="background-color: #EDEAFF; padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px; border: 1px solid #8779DD;"> :''The following discussion is closed. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive top--> ---- {{deleted|[[WP:SOFTDELETE]]}} --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:22, 2 July 2025 (UTC) === Ahmed Mhiri === :{{lc|Ahmed Mhiri}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ahmed Mhiri|action=edit}} close request]</span> CountryANDWestern ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Does not appear to be notable. The cited awards don’t seem to be notable. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 13:14, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''13:14, 2 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> ---- :''The above discussion is preserved as an [[Help:Archiving a talk page|archive]]. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not change it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page, such as the current discussion page. No more changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive bottom --></div> ptqfbyra8jpr6ayjmmgdk0ygvcxz2yr 4 1199627 10368212 10363833 2025-07-02T20:24:17Z Ferien 1011873 close 10368212 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="boilerplate" style="background-color: #EDEAFF; padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px; border: 1px solid #8779DD;"> :''The following discussion is closed. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive top--> ---- {{deleted}} --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:24, 2 July 2025 (UTC) === Willie D. Spears Jr. === :{{lc|Willie D. Spears Jr.}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Willie D. Spears Jr.|action=edit}} close request]</span> CountryANDWestern ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Not a notable individual. Lots of soruces, but they're local coverage. He speaks at high schools as a motivational speaker and most of the sources are just local news articles saying he made an appearance at the local school, or local sports coverage when he was coaching football. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 14:43, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *{{vd}} per nom - cannot find any evidence of any notability, Fails GNG. –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 15:26, 25 June 2025 (UTC) *{{vd}}--[[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] ^{[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">hi</i>]]} ^{[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]} 08:30, 27 June 2025 (UTC) *:{{u|Cactusisme}}, please note that RfD is not a vote, so generally an explanation beside a suggestion is wanted to determine the consensus of the discussion. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:24, 2 July 2025 (UTC) *'''Delete''' - Tried finding sources but nothing significant[[User:Mrfixer2024|Mrfixer2024]] ([[User talk:Mrfixer2024|talk]]) 16:04, 30 June 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''14:43, 2 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> ---- :''The above discussion is preserved as an [[Help:Archiving a talk page|archive]]. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not change it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page, such as the current discussion page. No more changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive bottom --></div> i90kmaa28x362w24ze4g9h63qhzz192 4 1199650 10368213 10354026 2025-07-02T20:25:00Z Ferien 1011873 close 10368213 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="boilerplate" style="background-color: #EDEAFF; padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px; border: 1px solid #8779DD;"> :''The following discussion is closed. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive top--> ---- {{deleted}} --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:25, 2 July 2025 (UTC) === A History of Manipuri Literature === :{{lc|A History of Manipuri Literature}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A History of Manipuri Literature|action=edit}} close request]</span> CountryANDWestern ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Notability not expressed through reliable sources; only source is a place to buy the book [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 18:14, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''18:14, 2 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> ---- :''The above discussion is preserved as an [[Help:Archiving a talk page|archive]]. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not change it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page, such as the current discussion page. No more changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive bottom --></div> for25ohx1ioqnca30hy8p13ugubp9y5 4 1199656 10368215 10354067 2025-07-02T20:25:37Z Ferien 1011873 close 10368215 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="boilerplate" style="background-color: #EDEAFF; padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px; border: 1px solid #8779DD;"> :''The following discussion is closed. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive top--> ---- {{deleted}} --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:25, 2 July 2025 (UTC) === Abolfazl Gilaki === :{{lc|Abolfazl Gilaki}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Abolfazl Gilaki|action=edit}} close request]</span> CountryANDWestern ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Notability not proven through reliable sources. I can't find really any information on this "Best of Time" festival where he won the researcher of the year. The sources provided seem like brief press releases. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 18:46, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''18:46, 2 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> ---- :''The above discussion is preserved as an [[Help:Archiving a talk page|archive]]. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not change it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page, such as the current discussion page. No more changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive bottom --></div> c9xccmn4hcf6s7r9voqh1ts12ogzsmk 4 1199683 10368217 10354203 2025-07-02T20:26:35Z Ferien 1011873 close 10368217 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="boilerplate" style="background-color: #EDEAFF; padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px; border: 1px solid #8779DD;"> :''The following discussion is closed. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive top--> ---- {{deleted|[[WP:SOFTDELETE]]. Will add this to my to-do list and try to create as a non-AI-generated article when time allows.}} --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:26, 2 July 2025 (UTC) === Red Bull Ghana === :{{lc|Red Bull Ghana}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Red Bull Ghana|action=edit}} close request]</span> The Sophocrat ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Entirely AI-generated and unsourced article. No useful content. [[User:The Sophocrat|Sophocrat]] ([[User talk:The Sophocrat|talk]]) 20:26, 25 June 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''20:26, 2 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> ---- :''The above discussion is preserved as an [[Help:Archiving a talk page|archive]]. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not change it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page, such as the current discussion page. No more changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive bottom --></div> fti2mq2ke7bznrnt368h8yyo8e17d4j 4 1199739 10368252 10354837 2025-07-02T20:52:45Z Fr33kman 15149 /* Discussion */ d 10368252 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === List of Catscratch episodes === :{{lc|List of Catscratch episodes}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of Catscratch episodes|action=edit}} close request]</span> Garsh2 ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' A standalone list is probably not warranted for this particular series. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 04:04, 26 June 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *{{vd}} totally not useful '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:52, 2 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''04:04, 3 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> mldvui534srbj0nqr740vm7dxocr1jd 10368665 10368252 2025-07-03T01:54:36Z Auntof6 22027 close 10368665 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="boilerplate" style="background-color: #EDEAFF; padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px; border: 1px solid #8779DD;"> :''The following discussion is closed. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive top--> ----<!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> {{deleted}} --[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 01:54, 3 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === List of Catscratch episodes === :{{lc|List of Catscratch episodes}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of Catscratch episodes|action=edit}} close request]</span> Garsh2 ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' A standalone list is probably not warranted for this particular series. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 04:04, 26 June 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *{{vd}} totally not useful '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 20:52, 2 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''04:04, 3 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> ---- :''The above discussion is preserved as an [[Help:Archiving a talk page|archive]]. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not change it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page, such as the current discussion page. No more changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive bottom --></div> koa2n0g13p4zchzewe6u3tfnpvpuf2g 0 1199846 10368739 10357720 2025-07-03T02:25:48Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368739 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox brand | name = Grimace Shake | image = GrimaceShake.jpg | caption = Grimace Shake | image_size = 160px | type = [[Milkshake]] | introduced = {{Collapsible list|title={{nobold|{{Start date|2023|06|12}}}}|{{vgr|US|June 12, 2023 |CAN|May 14, 2024 |UK/IRE|August 28, 2024|NOR|September 4, 2024|AUS|October 4, 2024|ZA|October 22, 2024|NZ|October 23, 2024|JP|October 30, 2024|FR|May 6, 2025|BR|May 13, 2025 |HK| June 9, 2025|TR|June 12, 2025}}}} | discontinued = {{Collapsible list|title={{nobold|{{End date|2023|07|09}}}}|{{vgr|US|July 9, 2023|UK/IRE|September 3, 2024|BR|June 1st, 2025}}}} | markets = Australia, Canada, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, United Kingdom, United States, Brazil, Hong Kong, Turkey }} The '''Grimace Shake''' is a [[berry]]-flavored [[milkshake]] that was first sold at [[McDonald's]] restaurants in the [[United States]], from June 12, 2023, to July 9, 2023, to celebrate the 52nd birthday of Grimace, the purple monster mascot from [[McDonaldland]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|last1=Lamour|first1=Joseph|date=June 15, 2023|title=McDonald's says its Grimace Shake is berry-flavored. Customers have other theories|url=https://www.today.com/food/trends/mcdonalds-grimace-shake-berry-flavor-reaction-rcna89490|access-date=June 26, 2025|website=TODAY.com}}</ref> The shake was later also sold for a short time in [[Canada]], the [[United Kingdom]], [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], [[Japan]], [[Brazil]] and [[Turkey]]. The shake became popular on [[TikTok]] and [[YouTube]] with the #GrimaceShake trend, where users made videos themselves drinking the shake<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|last=Andrew|first=Scottie|date=June 28, 2023|title=How the McDonald's Grimace shake became the stuff of nightmares on TikTok|url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/06/28/business/mcdonalds-grimace-shake-tiktok-cec/index.html|access-date=June 26, 2025|website=CNN}}</ref> and then pretended something scary or weird happened to them.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ritzen|first=Stacey|date=June 27, 2023|title=McDonald's Grimace Shake Inspires Morbid, Hilarious TikTok Trend|url=https://www.mensjournal.com/news/mcdonalds-grimace-shake-tiktok-challenge|access-date=June 26, 2025|website=Men's Journal}}</ref> == Before the shake == The character Grimace was introduced in the McDonaldland media franchise in 1971 as "Evil Grimace".<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Kayembe|first=Astrid|date=July 12, 2023|title=Why was the internet obsessed with McDonald's mascot Grimace — and his shake?|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2023-07-12/what-is-going-on-with-the-grimace-shake-let-us-explain|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717183625/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2023-07-12/what-is-going-on-with-the-grimace-shake-let-us-explain|archive-date=July 17, 2023|access-date=July 16, 2023|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Panella|first=Chris|title=A history of Grimace, the bizarre McDonald's mascot now making a comeback as a queer meme icon|url=https://www.insider.com/grimace-mcdonalds-mascot-turned-queer-meme-icon-history-2023-6|access-date=November 6, 2023|website=[[Insider Inc.|Insider]]}}</ref> His original character had four arms and would steal people's milkshakes.<ref name=":1" /> McDonald's soon changed the character to a a friendly purple character with two arms who loves milkshakes and appears with [[Ronald McDonald]] and other characters in advertisements and commercials.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /> Some McDonald's workers said Grimace as an "perfect example of a milkshake or a taste bud", but many fans still have to guess who he really is.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /> McDonald’s says Grimace comes from Grimace Island, along with other family members like Uncle O'Grimacey, who brings [[Shamrock Shake]]s for [[Saint Patrick's Day]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /> == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * {{Commons category-inline}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230705223504/https://www.mcdonalds.com/us/en-us/product/grimace-purple-mascot-big-mac-birthday-meal.html McDonald's official Grimace's Birthday Meal page] at Wayback Machine (archived July 5, 2023) [[Category:McDonald's foods]] [[Category:Drinks]] n6wsabbb7nzw0du8kd00btbqficof2o 4 1199866 10368262 10355898 2025-07-02T21:05:29Z Fr33kman 15149 /* Discussion */ d 10368262 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Alice Ginott === :{{lc|Alice Ginott}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Alice Ginott|action=edit}} close request]</span> CountryANDWestern ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Doesn't seem to meet our GNG or academic bio standards. She was part of the famous Kinsey study, but she was one of thousands of participants. Nothing presented that is a notable claim. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 18:38, 26 June 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *{{vd}} totally non-notable, no RSes available either '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 21:05, 2 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''18:38, 3 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> 5wnog49bdohd82dap77vc4a67sfa60z 4 1199894 10368304 10356104 2025-07-02T21:46:16Z Fr33kman 15149 /* Discussion */ d 10368304 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Ashraf Mahdi === :{{lc|Ashraf Mahdi}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Ashraf Mahdi|action=edit}} close request]</span> Barras ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Fails [[WP:GNG]]. [[:en:Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ashraf Mahdi|AFD on endwiki]]. [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 20:21, 26 June 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *{{vd}} fails GNG and NPOL. The majority of sources are based upon singular events such as arrest, disappearance and are mostly local sources. Has never stood for elections '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 21:46, 2 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''20:21, 3 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> ck0hgu3hz4lnfv9zhao2g6ozu4gxui3 4 1199956 10368913 10366968 2025-07-03T04:00:24Z Bot873 764901 Bot: Archiving 2 threads from [[Wikipedia:Simple talk]] 10368913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talk archive}} == Anniversaries in the year articles == Regarding anniversaries of the creation of certain media, cultural property, and organizations, I do not see them as relevant enough to include in the year articles, in most cases. I think anniversaries should only be included if they have a particularly high amount of coverage, such as the bicentennial of the United States in [[1976]], or perhaps the release of Mickey Mouse into the public domain. The following are examples of what I'm talking about: * [[2029]]: "50th anniversary of the [[Alien (movie)|Alien]]." * [[2043]]: "100th anniversary of [[Droopy Dog|Droopy]]." * [[2052]]: "100th anniversary of the [[Cinerama]]." [[User:Yamazaki Kaoru|Yamazaki Kaoru]] ([[User talk:Yamazaki Kaoru|talk]]) 18:00, 12 June 2025 (UTC) :I completely agree with you. One could add an arbitrary number of non-notable anniversaries but that wouldn't be encyclopedically useful at all. Feel free to boldly remove them. Cheers, [[User:The Sophocrat|Sophocrat]] ([[User talk:The Sophocrat|talk]]) 01:50, 13 June 2025 (UTC) ::I have gone ahead and removed them myself from the articles you cited. Thanks for pointing this out :). &mdash;[[User:The Sophocrat|Sophocrat]] ([[User talk:The Sophocrat|talk]]) 01:56, 13 June 2025 (UTC) ::I agree, too. Are all the ones you've seen in future years? -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 11:35, 13 June 2025 (UTC) :::Thanks. All the ones I've seen are in future years. I'll remove the others now. [[User:Yamazaki Kaoru|Yamazaki Kaoru]] ([[User talk:Yamazaki Kaoru|talk]]) 22:28, 16 June 2025 (UTC) == Deprecating Template:Nobelprize proposal == Hi, I would like to propose deprecating {{tl|Nobelprize}} in favour of [[:Category:Nobel Peace Prize winners]], The topicon can be added to non-winners and no one would ever know about it whereas categories would be better spotted and reverted if need be. The other issue is the articles are also being put in the "Bogus file options" lint error category because there's an error with the formatting of {{tl|Nobelprize}}, I appreciate some articles have the {{tl|good article}} topicon however this shows the achievements of editors and the article they've significantly expanded .... whereas this topicon just tells people someone's a winner of an award, Thanks, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 21:26, 5 June 2025 (UTC) :I agree, I don't see how it's encyclopedically useful. As far as I know we don't add a topicon for any other non-Wikipedia category. We can deprecate it and if someone's up for it we could copy [[:en:Template:Nobelprize|English Wikipedia's version of the template]], which outputs an updated link to the Nobel Prize website. [[User:The Sophocrat|Sophocrat]] ([[User talk:The Sophocrat|talk]]) 23:37, 5 June 2025 (UTC) :Yeah, I'm fine with this. Be [[WP:BOLD|bold]]. :) '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 22:08, 10 June 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks @[[User:The Sophocrat|The Sophocrat]] and @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] for your replies they're greatly appreciated :), ::I perhaps could've just done this instead of asking here but over at Enwiki it was always [[:en:Sod's law|sod's law]] that whenever I was bold someone always had to object to my change, Of course I'm not perfect and I know there's somethings I see as being pointless that others/many don't but it seemed being BOLD would always go against me which is kinda the reason why I don't bother anymore (that and I prefer to have consensus behind me so that if someone makes a fuss at least I can say I have consensus), ::Anyway waffling on thanks again it's very much appreciated :), Thanks, Warm Regards, –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 21:04, 17 June 2025 (UTC) == Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div> Hello all, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position. This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3] Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election. Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br /> Chair of the Elections Committee On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term. [3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates<section end="announcement-content" /> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:44, 17 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28866958 --> == Merge == About [[Special Administrative Region]] and [[Special administrative region]]. These two pages have confusing similar names, and the difference is only "capital A & R" vs "small a & r". So, I have read a bit more. At the page of<nowiki/>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_administrative_region it says East Timor * [[:en:Oecusse|Oecusse]], whereas, at the page of https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80 it says 東帝汶嘅特別行政區 [[:yue:東帝汶|東帝汶]]嚮[[:yue:2014年|2014年]]設立咗[https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E5%BA%AB%E8%A5%BF&action=edit&redlink=1 歐庫西特別行政區]。 Therefore, [[Special administrative region]] is not supposed to be a China-specific page. Could someone please start the discussion on the merge because it says "It has been suggested that this article be [[Wikipedia:Merging and moving pages|merged]] with ''[[Special Administrative Region]]''. ([[Talk:Special administrative region|Discuss]]) <small>''Proposed since June 2022."''</small> [[User:Yilangderen|Yilangderen]] ([[User talk:Yilangderen|talk]]) 04:32, 18 June 2025 (UTC) == References issues == Can somebody fix [[2025 FIFA Club World Cup|this]]? I've tried to fixed but it's error, i think there is faulty reference.<span id="Raayaan9911:1750290673373:WikipediaFTTCLNSimple_talk" class="FTTCmt"> —&nbsp;[[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 23:51, 18 June 2025 (UTC)</span> :@[[User:Raayaan9911|Raayaan9911]] You need to copy over the note starting with <pre>{{refn|group=note|name=León</pre> [[Special:Contributions/97.94.157.144|97.94.157.144]] ([[User talk:97.94.157.144|talk]]) 23:59, 18 June 2025 (UTC) ::{{Done}} fixed myself. [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 00:08, 19 June 2025 (UTC) == Eyes needed on a few China-related pages == I'd like some extra eyes and input at a few China-related pages that have become messy in my opinion. The articles are... *[[List of Chinese dissidents]] *[[Political problems of China]] *[[Movies banned in China]] The dissidents article is poorly formatted without explanation as to what makes people dissidents, and the main editor of the article is putting people into categories that they feel fit. Many of the people on the list are just "people who did things that China didn't approve of" like George W. Bush and Nancy Pelosi. The political problems article is mostly categories and bulleted lists of things rather than an actual article. Note that the English Wikipedia has "political problems of China" as a redirect to "politics of China." May be worth exploring for Simple as well. The movies banned in China article has no clear focus. There are songs and TV shows mixed in with movies; again things are mixed into categories that the author feels they fit into; there's even a section titled "Writers of this page cannot figure out the definitive reason." Concerns have been raised on the talk pages of these articles, but more insight is needed from others to help address these article concerns. I'd appreciate more input. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:07, 2 June 2025 (UTC) :The articles are definitely notable given the real-world impact of Chinese state authoritarianism. What is necessary in this case is adequate sourcing and well-defined inclusion criteria so that the relevant content would be reliable. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 12:18, 2 June 2025 (UTC) :[[List_of_Chinese_dissidents#Bad_people_(but_now_a_goodguy)_according_to_China]] is a pretty confusing section. Does it refer to [[:en:Political_rehabilitation|Politically rehabilitated]] people? Apologies for the enwiki link but there is not one here. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 18:14, 2 June 2025 (UTC) :These articles are a complete mess. I know we used to have Chinese editors or editors of Chinese decent (Chenzw for example) but I don't think we have many currently. Could we ask for help from someone on the Chinese wikis? '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 22:17, 10 June 2025 (UTC) :Welcome to politics! Could it be the case that, the situation in Chinese politics is messy? I think that a basic concept, for learners to understand, is that [[Zhao Ziyang]] was put in "house arrest" and this is different than being jailed/ being in prison. People come and go. The person that you are referring to, might have left Wikipedia for whatever reason.[[User:Yilangderen|Yilangderen]] ([[User talk:Yilangderen|talk]]) 10:00, 16 June 2025 (UTC) ::The politics may be messy but our articles about them don’t need to be. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 10:02, 16 June 2025 (UTC) :"... without explanation as to what makes people dissidents" If you want an explanation, just read the [[dissident]] page. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer "... nothing found here has necessarily been reviewed by people with the expertise required to provide you with complete, accurate, or reliable information." [[User:Yilangderen|Yilangderen]] ([[User talk:Yilangderen|talk]]) 03:25, 18 June 2025 (UTC) ::And, read the [[Political prisoner]] page, thanks.[[User:Yilangderen|Yilangderen]] ([[User talk:Yilangderen|talk]]) 06:35, 18 June 2025 (UTC) Due to the secretive style of the CCP, Movie censorship is kinda like "reverse engineering" or "putting pieces of puzzle together" anyways. I mean, you can re-arrange the content to improve the "focus" of the page. The big problem of the page now, or elephant in the room (after the edits by CountryANDWestern) is that [[South Park]] is not being mentioned. Do bear in mind that there is Chinese demand (and also the demand of the poeple in Taiwan) to watch the controversial South Park episode. https://pincong.rocks/article/5906 [[User:Yilangderen|Yilangderen]] ([[User talk:Yilangderen|talk]]) 08:36, 9 June 2025 (UTC) :Due to the clandestine practice of Chinese government...[[User:Yilangderen|Yilangderen]] ([[User talk:Yilangderen|talk]]) 08:43, 9 June 2025 (UTC) The page-merge discussion is still ongoing, by the way. [[Talk:China#Merge_discussion]] [[User:Yilangderen|Yilangderen]] ([[User talk:Yilangderen|talk]]) 04:17, 18 June 2025 (UTC) Those who want to help may go to the following page, thanks. [[Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/Requests/2025/List_of_Chinese_dissidents]] [[User:Yilangderen|Yilangderen]] ([[User talk:Yilangderen|talk]]) 03:09, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :CountryANDWestern: "I do not believe that there is a salvageable article here". This is a weird choice of word. We are talking about a webpage in [[wikitext]]. Anyone can easily delete a specific section of the page. Now, the page is structured/ organized into the following sections "People not in PRC prison", "Death/ disappearance", "People in prison", "People sanctioned", "Bad people (but now a goodguy)", "Glossary" and "Related pages". The order of these 7 sections can be switched too. It is normally called "editing" or "changing" the page, it is not "salvaging", thanks. [[User:Yilangderen|Yilangderen]] ([[User talk:Yilangderen|talk]]) 09:25, 19 June 2025 (UTC) == Importing a template from another wiki == I made a template on another wiki (not wikimedia but fully compatible with wikimedia used templates), could I have it imported here? I know that english wikipedia allows for imports from other wikimedia wikis, but I do not know the rules here and for non-wikimedia wikis. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 09:31, 18 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]] What's the template for? [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] ^{[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">hi</i>]]} ^{[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]} 10:53, 18 June 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] It is a template that gives the date in the Japanese calendar, the Japanese lunisolar, the Islamic calendar, and the Julian day. So it is pretty complicated and requires importing multiple parts. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 20:19, 18 June 2025 (UTC) :It depends on the copyright license under which you published the content on that wiki, and whether you can verify that you hold the rights to it. Please check [[:en:Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright#Can I add something to Wikipedia that I got from somewhere else?]] for more information. Since transwiki import only works for some projects, you may need to copy and paste the content manually—but again, that depends on the copyright status. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 11:13, 18 June 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:BRPever|BRPever]] It is released under [[ccorg:licenses/by-sa/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 license]] [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 20:19, 18 June 2025 (UTC) :::I am not sure how the importing actually works. If it is just admins can xml upload from a manual export from the wiki or if it needs to go through something specific. But copy paste moves will be a bit difficult because there are about 20 different templates involved with the calculations. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 23:17, 18 June 2025 (UTC) :It's news to me that any Wikipedia can import from a non-Wikimedia site. Is there no existing template that could do that, either here or on English Wikipedia? -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 00:56, 19 June 2025 (UTC) ::[[File:Miraheze import page.png|thumb]] ::@[[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] my expectation is that the page [[Special:Import]] will look something like this, and you can import any wiki xml into it. ::And no there is not an existing template. I checked pretty thoroughly. The closest thing is [[:en:Template:Infobox calendar date today]] but that one serves quite different functions. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 01:38, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :::That is the way it looks on miraheze to get wikipedia templates there but I do not know it is more restricted on wikipedia. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 02:03, 19 June 2025 (UTC) ::::I just did it with copypaste moves See [[:Category:Japanese Time Calculation Templates]] in case there is more need for attribution [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 22:11, 20 June 2025 (UTC) == Requested move == Concerning the page [[Israel-Hamas war (2023-present)]], the [[:en:Talk:Gaza war/Archive 48#Requested move 17 January 2025|most recent RM at EN Wiki]] resulted in consensus forming that the overwhelmingly common name in English language sources for this conflict is [[Gaza war]]. I think we should follow suit, and since there is not a WP:Requested move mechanism here on Simple Wiki, I was redirected to this page to bring up the matter. Will be glad if an admin or page mover could take care of this. [[User:Keivan.f|Keivan.f]] ([[User talk:Keivan.f|talk]]) 05:28, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :Every project is run independently. I don’t see how a consensus on a separate project should automatically dictate the status of certain articles here? It should only be followed if there is a separate consensus on this site. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 11:51, 19 June 2025 (UTC) ::Here's the venue for it since [[WP:RM]] redirects here. If nobody opposes the move, then it should probably be moved. [[User:Keivan.f|Keivan.f]] ([[User talk:Keivan.f|talk]]) 13:36, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :::A number of reputable sources still call the war “Israel-Hamas war”: :::[https://www.britannica.com/event/Israel-Hamas-War Britannica] :::[https://apnews.com/hub/israel-hamas-war AP News] :::[https://www.nytimes.com/news-event/israel-hamas-gaza The New York Times] :::[https://www.ft.com/israel-hamas-war Financial Times] :::[https://www.pbs.org/newshour/tag/israel-hamas-war PBS] :::[https://www.france24.com/en/tag/israel-hamas-war France24] :::[https://news.sky.com/topic/israel-hamas-war-10864/1 Sky News] :::[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/israel-hamas-war The Telegraph] :::[https://www.foreignaffairs.com/tags/israel-hamas-war Foreign Affairs] :::[https://www.ajc.org/IsraelHamasWar American Jewish Committee] :::[https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-9874 The House of Commons Library] :::... :::The proposed change may not be undesirable, but I believe that these are worthy of consideration when the ENWP consensus is not made by subject experts, while the respective topic area has been a [https://edition.cnn.com/2025/03/20/tech/wikipedia-adl-report-antisemitism-bias matter] [https://www.adl.org/resources/report/editing-hate-how-anti-israel-and-anti-jewish-bias-undermines-wikipedias-neutrality of] [https://jewishjournal.com/news/united-states/381177/23-congressional-members-express-concern-to-wikimedia-foundation-over-potential-abuse-of-wikipedia-by-coordinated-actors intense] [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-03-07/wikipedia-editors-struggle-to-moderate-conflict-in-gaza controversy], which resulted in an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Case/Palestine-Israel_articles_5#Final_decision arbitration] [https://jewishjournal.com/news/worldwide/378546/wikipedias-supreme-court-on-the-verge-of-topic-banning-8-editors-from-israel-palestine-area case] with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Case/Palestine-Israel_articles_5#Findings%20of%20fact confirmed findings] of off-site canvassing and content manipulation. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Title_warrior This ENWP essay] is also helpful. I do not support following CTOP consensuses from there without duly weighted contexts and the bedrock [[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|WP:NPOV]] policy. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 14:07, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :I agree with enwiki's rationale. It's more precise and common title, so I support this move.-- [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 13:41, 19 June 2025 (UTC) ::<blockquote>It's more precise and common title</blockquote> ::I do not agree. There have been several “Gaza War” between the 2000s and now: [https://web.archive.org/web/20121103101551/http://www.jpost.com/Features/FrontLines/Article.aspx?id=154525 2008‒09], [https://www.jpost.com/defense/idf-believes-hamas-islamic-jihad-will-honor-cease-fire 2012], [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/hamas-may-have-captured-israeli-soldier/2014/07/22/dfb18de2-1170-11e4-98ee-daea85133bc9_story.html 2014] and [https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/18/world/middleeast/gaza-israel.html 2021]. If a more specific name is not used, would readers be able to tell them apart? [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 14:40, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :::There is the principle of [[:en:WP:PRIMARYTOPIC|WP:PRIMARYTOPIC]]. The current war is "The" Gaza war, regardless of how many conflicts took place in the past. The same situation applies to the [[Iran–Israel war]], and there was already conflict between the two countries back in 2024 (aka [[:en:2024 Iran–Israel conflict|2024 Iran–Israel conflict]]). The wars in Gaza in 2008, 2012, 2014 and 2021 that you are referring to were one off operations that at most lasted a month and are certainly not the primary targets for the name suggested here. [[User:Keivan.f|Keivan.f]] ([[User talk:Keivan.f|talk]]) 18:07, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::::A [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaza_war&redirect=no redirect with the same wording] already exists for [[Israel-Hamas war (2023-present)]]. The [https://imgur.com/a/GUrzYWg top search result] for “Gaza war” is also the same page. Readers can already get to the page easily when they input “Gaza War” in the Search. I do not find the name change necessary, when both names are fine and have been used interchangeably in public domain, i.e. keeping the current article’s title would not compromise public perceptions of the war. Having said that, I’d leave this up to our fellow community members. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 19:45, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :::::If your issue is with the timeframe, it is entirely plausible to have the page named [[Gaza war (2023–present)]]. I'll also leave it to the community to decide between the options though. [[User:Keivan.f|Keivan.f]] ([[User talk:Keivan.f|talk]]) 20:20, 20 June 2025 (UTC) == Cosplayers? == I noticed that a lot of articles for fictional characters here have pictures of cosplayers instead of public domain pictures of the characters like on the English Wikipedia. Is there a special reason for this? (And is it something that should ''not'' be changed?) If it is something that people here would like to be changed then I would be happy to make a start on it! [[User:Carlodivarga-s|Carlodivarga-s]] ([[User talk:Carlodivarga-s|talk]]) 08:47, 13 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Carlodivarga-s|Carlodivarga-s]]: It might help us answer if you give specific examples. You mention public domain pictures. On Simple English Wikipedia, images used in articles must be in Wikimedia Commons. We don't use "fair use" images (is that what you meant by public domain?). -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 11:33, 13 June 2025 (UTC) ::If there's a public domain picture on commons available, then I'd say go ahead and change it. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 15:20, 13 June 2025 (UTC) :traditionally on the English Wiki, there's been portrayals of characters in cos play in that way because there were no free images. We don't have a version of fair use here, its commons or bust. '''[[User:Lee Vilenski|<span style="color:green">Lee Vilenski</span>]] ^{([[User talk:Lee Vilenski|talk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Lee Vilenski|contribs]])}''' 11:05, 21 June 2025 (UTC) == Extended footnotes == At [[User_talk:Steven1991#Extended_footnotes]], I've raised concerns about the user's use of extended footnotes in Holocaust-related topics. [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Holocaust_uniqueness_debate&oldid=10320922#cite_note-1 Here is an example of the extended footnotes]. Steven1991 has added these footnotes to approximately 40-60 articles in some form. Each of them occurs after a link to the Simple article on [[Holocaust]] or [[Holocaust denial]]. It is my view that such footnotes are unnecessary as we are already linking to our article on the topic. We should not be having these external links to things like "What was the Holocaust?" when we are already linking to our own article that should explain what the Holocaust is in Simple English terms. If there is information in those footnotes that is not already in our articles, we should expand them to incorporate that material with those links as the references. Steven1991 has agreed to not include those footnotes going forward, however, there is dispute about how to handle the existing ones. As I mentioned, it's approximately 40-60 footnotes here. I personally think that they should be removed, but Steven1991 believes that they should stay. I'm seeking community input as a third+ opinion on how we should approach. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 14:18, 13 June 2025 (UTC) :I don’t see a problem with footnoting certain information when it can prevent the main body of an article from being lengthy, nor do I agree that none of them should exist. I don’t think that simply deleting is helpful. As I said, let them stay while following the the agreed way for future articles – that would be easy for everyone. It is unnecessary to remove all of the existing footnotes when they can provide much more useful and accurate information (e.g. external links to authoritative sources like the [[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|USHMM]] and [[Yad Vashem]]) for the subject being footnoted, which exactly serve the purpose of footnotes. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 14:30, 13 June 2025 (UTC) ::Adding footnotes so the article doesn't become lengthy is not a good idea. If all the text is simple then an article becoming lengthy is a good thing. Our aim here is not to create smaller articles than enwiki but to create articles that as just as good but in simple English. We want our readers to find all they want to know inside our articles not become a place that sends people elsewhere for information we should have in the first place. I think you should remove the footnotes that are unnecessary. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 14:38, 13 June 2025 (UTC) :::OK, thank you for your input. I would be willing to remove some of them from particular articles. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 14:41, 13 June 2025 (UTC) :*I think they should be removed or trimmed down to necessary minimum. It makes no sense to have them in cases like above when we already have a page on the topic. They seem to be already downsizing it, so the concern is getting resolved. If there is concern with any specific page, you can mention that. Thanks,--[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 15:09, 13 June 2025 (UTC) :*:@[[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] I see the same issue with newer pages like [[David Hirsh]] and [[Polocaust]]. Those pages are very complex too. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 20:59, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :*::Done. [[User:Steven1991|Steven1991]] ([[User talk:Steven1991|talk]]) 21:05, 19 June 2025 (UTC) :*I concur with Fr33kman and BRPever. It looks poor if we need to link to other websites to explain things in our ''simple'' articles. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 15:25, 13 June 2025 (UTC) :*:I think i is generally a good udea, to have one footnote per publication. Suppose, that a few paragraphs on, you re-use the same publication. Ib the case of one-citation-per-foornbote you can pick the item again, if you list several publications, this becomes more difficult. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 10:07, 21 June 2025 (UTC) == Using a single source for an article == I feel like this requires more sourcing, but is decently written. [[User:Immanuelle/Shimosuwa Aozuka Kofun]] Would it be okay just to send it to mainspace or would it require more sourcing? [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 22:11, 20 June 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]]: For an article with so little text, I think having only one source is fine. It does need some other work, though, in the areas of formatting, copy editing, wikifying. -- [[User:Auntof6|Auntof6]] ([[User talk:Auntof6|talk]]) 22:17, 20 June 2025 (UTC) ::I tried to clean it up a bit and moved it to mainspace. ::Now for a more hard/complicated one. This article [[User:Immanuelle/Kumano_Gongen]] I really feel hard pressed with what to do with it. It is definitely not done but I am not sure what to do with it. [[User:Immanuelle|'''Immanuel'''le]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(please tag me)]] 01:32, 22 June 2025 (UTC) == Nonsense page == Hi. Theres a new page called "[[Don Davies]]" and all it says is a spam of "Pierre Poilievere" in bold. --[[Special:Contributions/2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C]] ([[User talk:2001:4451:8786:A200:661C:AEFF:FEF9:9A9C|talk]]) 10:10, 22 June 2025 (UTC)! :Took care of it. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 10:12, 22 June 2025 (UTC) == Vandals == How can i help fight vandalism? Its hard --[[Special:Contributions/112.204.167.209|112.204.167.209]] ([[User talk:112.204.167.209|talk]]) 14:09, 22 June 2025 (UTC) :no My IP changed! --[[Special:Contributions/112.204.167.209|112.204.167.209]] ([[User talk:112.204.167.209|talk]]) 14:11, 22 June 2025 (UTC) syyt0yxog9suwk4ugzu53kmze2d7lw6 0 1200022 10368716 10360073 2025-07-03T02:18:30Z Auntof6 22027 Moving from [[Category:Villages in Dera Ismail Khan District]] to [[Category:Dera Ismail Khan District]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 10368716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Basti Tarkhananwali | official_name = Basti Tarkhananwali, Dera Ismail Khan | settlement_type = Village | pushpin_map = Pakistan | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Pakistan | coordinates = {{coord|31.8304|N|70.8843|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Pakistan}} | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = [[Dera Ismail Khan District]] | elevation_m = 175 | population_total = | population_as_of = | timezone1 = [[Pakistan Standard Time|PST]] | utc_offset1 = +5 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 29100 | area_code_type = Calling code | area_code = | website = | image_skyline = | founder = Ahsan Ali Dinpur }} '''Basti Tarkhananwali''' is a village in the [[Dera Ismail Khan District]] of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], Pakistan. It is in the southern part of the province near the [[Indus River]]. The village primarily relies on agriculture. Its people are involved in farming and related activities.<ref>[https://www.fallingrain.com/world/PK/03/Basti_Tarkhananwali.html FallingRain: Basti Tarkhananwali]</ref> == Location == Basti Tarkhananwali is at 31.8304°N 70.8843°E.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GeoHack - Draft:Basti Tarkhananwali |url=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Draft:Basti_Tarkhananwali&params=31.8304_N_70.8843_E_type:city_region:PK-KP |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=geohack.toolforge.org}}</ref> It is a rural settlement in the [[Dera Ismail Khan District]] in [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]. The village is along the [[Indus River]], which is an important geographical feature for both agriculture and local transportation in the region.<ref>[https://www.fallingrain.com/world/PK/03/Basti_Tarkhananwali.html FallingRain: Basti Tarkhananwali]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=GeoNames.org |url=https://www.geonames.org/1419037/basti-tarkhananwali.html |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=www.geonames.org}}</ref> == Related pages == * [[Dera Ismail Khan District]] * [[Dinpur]] * [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] * [[Indus River]] == References == <references /> [[Category:Dera Ismail Khan District]] [[Category:Union councils of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] [[Category:Populated places in Dera Ismail Khan District]] [[Category:Geography of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] [[Category:2020s in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] to3j1p321yghzxyfpuk1t8yp6i203dy 10368718 10368716 2025-07-03T02:18:42Z Auntof6 22027 Removing from [[Category:Populated places in Dera Ismail Khan District]] using [[c:Help:Cat-a-lot|Cat-a-lot]] 10368718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Basti Tarkhananwali | official_name = Basti Tarkhananwali, Dera Ismail Khan | settlement_type = Village | pushpin_map = Pakistan | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Pakistan | coordinates = {{coord|31.8304|N|70.8843|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Pakistan}} | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = [[Dera Ismail Khan District]] | elevation_m = 175 | population_total = | population_as_of = | timezone1 = [[Pakistan Standard Time|PST]] | utc_offset1 = +5 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 29100 | area_code_type = Calling code | area_code = | website = | image_skyline = | founder = Ahsan Ali Dinpur }} '''Basti Tarkhananwali''' is a village in the [[Dera Ismail Khan District]] of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], Pakistan. It is in the southern part of the province near the [[Indus River]]. The village primarily relies on agriculture. Its people are involved in farming and related activities.<ref>[https://www.fallingrain.com/world/PK/03/Basti_Tarkhananwali.html FallingRain: Basti Tarkhananwali]</ref> == Location == Basti Tarkhananwali is at 31.8304°N 70.8843°E.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GeoHack - Draft:Basti Tarkhananwali |url=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Draft:Basti_Tarkhananwali&params=31.8304_N_70.8843_E_type:city_region:PK-KP |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=geohack.toolforge.org}}</ref> It is a rural settlement in the [[Dera Ismail Khan District]] in [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]. The village is along the [[Indus River]], which is an important geographical feature for both agriculture and local transportation in the region.<ref>[https://www.fallingrain.com/world/PK/03/Basti_Tarkhananwali.html FallingRain: Basti Tarkhananwali]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=GeoNames.org |url=https://www.geonames.org/1419037/basti-tarkhananwali.html |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=www.geonames.org}}</ref> == Related pages == * [[Dera Ismail Khan District]] * [[Dinpur]] * [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] * [[Indus River]] == References == <references /> [[Category:Dera Ismail Khan District]] [[Category:Union councils of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] [[Category:Geography of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] [[Category:2020s in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] f1iht01gwyzjnjkj8tpdkevk145vxzc 0 1200085 10369113 10366763 2025-07-03T07:45:42Z 180.150.36.182 10369113 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album | name = Glory | type = studio | artist = [[Kutless]] | cover = | released = February 11, 2014 | recorded = | studio = | genre = [[Christian rock]], [[Worship|contemporary worship music]] | length = 48:48 | label = BEC | producer = | prev_title = [[Believer]] | prev_year = 2012 | next_title = [[Surrender (album)|Surrender]] | next_year = 2015 }} '''''Glory''''' is the eighth studio album by [[Kutless]]. The album was released on February 11, 2014. ==Track listing== {{Track listing | title1 = Revelation | length1 = 4:49 | title2 = In Jesus' Name | length2 = 4:16 | title3 = You Alone | length3 = 4:14 | title4 = Never Too Late | length4 = 3:13 | title5 = All To You | length5 = 4:19 | title6 = We Lift You Up | length6 = 3:48 | title7 = We Will Worship | length7 = 4:02 | title8 = Rest | length8 = 3:34 | title9 = Restore Me | length9 = 5:00 | title10 = God Rest My Soul | length10 = 3:43 | title11 = Always | length11 = 4:29 | title12 = In the City | length12 = 3:21 | total_length = 48:48 }} ==References== {{reflist}} {{music-stub}} [[Category:2014 albums]] [[Category:Christian albums]] [[Category:Worship albums]] 0zihtaxisg4h9zg4lw4r5ukr4o13vgx 0 1200296 10368911 10359006 2025-07-03T03:59:36Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{orphan|date=June 2025}} '''ToBI''' (which stands for '''Tones and Break Indices''') is a set of rules for writing down how speech sounds. It is used to show the melody and rhythm of sentences. Scientists, including Mary Beckman and Janet Pierrehumbert, created ToBI in the 1990s. They wanted everyone who studies language to have one shared way to write down speech sounds. This helps with language research and with making computers that can talk and understand speech.<ref name="Silverman1992">Silverman, K., Beckman, M., Pierrehumbert, J., Ostendorf, M., Wightman, C., Price, P., & Hirschberg, J. (1992). ToBI: A standard for labeling English prosody. In ''Proceedings of the 1992 International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP)'', Vol. 2, pp. 867-870.</ref> Instead of just saying "the voice goes up," the ToBI system uses special labels for different parts of the speech melody. These are called pitch accents, phrase accents, and boundary tones. It also has a way to mark the size of the pause or break between words. These are called break indices. ToBI was first made for American English, but it has been changed to work for many other languages. == How ToBI was made == The main idea for ToBI came from a theory by Janet Pierrehumbert in 1980.<ref name="Pierrehumbert1980">Pierrehumbert, Janet B. (1980). ''The Phonology and Phonetics of English Intonation''. PhD dissertation, MIT.</ref> This theory said that the melody of speech is made of simple high (H) and low (L) tones. These tones are linked to certain parts of words, like the stressed syllable or the end of a sentence. In the 1990s, scientists needed one clear system for writing down speech sounds. They were building large collections of recorded speech to train computers to speak (text-to-speech) and understand speech (speech recognition). ToBI was made to be a clear and trusted system that all scientists could use in the same way.<ref name="BeckmanAyers1997">Beckman, M. E., & Ayers, G. M. (1997). "Guidelines for ToBI transcription". In ''The Ohio State University Research Foundation''. Available online.</ref> == The main parts of ToBI == A ToBI description is written on different lines, called "tiers." The most important tiers are the tone tier and the break tier. === The tone tier === The tone tier shows the melody of the speech using three kinds of tones: ==== Pitch accents ==== Pitch accents are tones put on a stressed syllable in a word. This makes the word stand out. They are the basic building blocks of speech melody. The most common pitch accents in English are: * '''H<nowiki>*</nowiki>''': A high sound on the stressed part of a word. This is often used to show what is important. ** Example: ''Marianna ate the '''noodle'''s.'' (The sound is highest on ''noo-''). * '''L<nowiki>*</nowiki>''': A low sound on the stressed part of a word. This can make a sentence sound finished. ** Example: ''It's an absolute '''fact'''.'' * '''L<nowiki>*</nowiki>+H''': The sound starts low and then goes up quickly. ** Example: ''I can't be'''lieve''' it!'' * '''L+H<nowiki>*</nowiki>''': The sound rises to a high point on the stressed word. This is often used to show a choice between two things. ** Example: ''I said '''her''' mother, not his mother.'' * '''!H<nowiki>*</nowiki>''': A high sound that is lower than the high sound that came before it. If you have many of these in a row, the sound goes down like steps. ** Example: ''It's an '''ab'''solutely '''fan'''tastic '''no'''vel.'' ==== Phrase accents ==== A phrase accent is a tone that controls the sound between the last stressed word and the end of a group of words. * '''L-''': A low phrase accent. * '''H-''': A high phrase accent. ==== Boundary tones ==== A boundary tone is a tone at the very end of a sentence or thought. It shows if the voice goes up or down at the end. * '''L%''': A low boundary tone. The sound stays low at the end. * '''H%''': A high boundary tone. The sound goes up at the end. Phrase accents and boundary tones work together to make the final sound of a sentence. * '''L-L%''': The most common sound for a simple statement in English. * '''H-H%''': A "rising" sound, used when the speaker plans to say more. * '''L-H%''': A common sound for yes/no questions. === The break index tier === This line uses numbers to show how much of a pause or break there is between words. * '''0''': No break at all (like in ''gonna'' for ''going to''). * '''1''': A normal space between words. This is the most common break. * '''2''': A very small pause between words, smaller than a comma. * '''3''': A short pause. This marks the end of a small group of words (an ''intermediate phrase''). * '''4''': The biggest pause. This marks the end of a full sentence or thought (an ''intonational phrase''). == Example of ToBI writing == Here is an example of how ToBI is used to write down a sentence. {| class="wikitable" ! Word ! Tonal Events ! Break Index |- | '''Marianna''' | H<nowiki>*</nowiki> | 1 |- | '''made''' | ''(none)'' | 1 |- | '''the''' | ''(none)'' | 1 |- | '''marmalade.''' | H<nowiki>*</nowiki> L-L% | 4 |} This writing shows: * A high sound (H<nowiki>*</nowiki>) on the stressed parts of ''Marianna'' and ''marmalade''. * The sound goes down at the very end (L-L%), which is normal for a statement. * There are normal breaks (1) between the words. * There is a big break (4) at the end of the sentence. == Why ToBI is important == ToBI is now the main system that scientists use to study the melody of speech. It is used for: * '''Language Research:''' To study and compare the sounds of different languages. * '''Computer Voices:''' To help make computer voices (text-to-speech) sound more real. * '''Speech Recognition:''' To help computers understand human speech better. * '''Brain Science:''' To study how people use speech sounds to understand each other. == ToBI for other languages == The ToBI system can be changed to work for many languages. These new versions often add a letter to the name, such as: * '''J-ToBI''' for Japanese * '''G-ToBI''' for German * '''K-ToBI''' for Korean * '''Cat-ToBI''' for Catalan * '''Sp_ToBI''' for Spanish == Related pages == * [[Intonation (linguistics)]] * [[Prosody (linguistics)]] * [[Pitch accent]] == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=679ebf20d29301e739eaa6781f3fbbcd238d8f2e Guidelines for ToBI Labelling (version 3.0, March 1997)] * [http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/~jjv/pubs/tobi_guideV2.pdf Guidelines for TOBI Labelling - (version 2.0, February 1994)] [[Category:Phonology]] [[Category:Phonetics]] [[Category:Linguistics]] [[Category:Transcription (linguistics)]] errequn9hecvet3kfmwsw32orfg3679 0 1200297 10368690 10359244 2025-07-03T02:05:34Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368690 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|Non-notable athlete, Google search only shows a politician and an academic both of whom are not this person. }} {{notability|date=June 2025}} {{Uncategorized|date=July 2025}} {{Infobox martial artist |name=Alireza Abbasi |birth_date={{Birth date and age|2003|4|23}} |nationality=Afghan |country={{flag|Afghanistan}} |sport=Taekwondo }} '''Alireza Abbasi''' (born 23 April 2003) is an Afghan taekwondo athlete. He has represented Afghanistan in various international competitions. == Career == Abbasi qualified for the [[2024 Summer Olympics]] in Paris via the Asian qualification tournament held in China. He also competed at the World Taekwondo Championships in Azerbaijan. He won a silver medal at the Asian Club Championships and a bronze medal at the President's Cup. Abbasi faced administrative challenges regarding documentation, which affected his participation in the Olympics. == References == * [https://www.afintl.com/202407133247 Afghan International – Abbasi at World Championships] * [https://www.etemadonline.com/بخش-ورزش-18/666687-عباسی-اداره-اتباع-ایران-المپیک Etemad Online – Olympic Quota Issue] * [https://www.afintl.com/202403157545 Afghan International – Olympic Qualification] * [https://www.radiofarda.com/amp/an-afghan-taekwondo-athlete-who-qualified-for-the-olympic-games-has-been-barred-from-participating-due-to-his-documents-iran/33035808.html Radio Farda – Disqualification Due to Documents] * [https://af.shafaqna.com/FA/597638 Shafaqna Afghanistan – Abbasi Profile] * [https://www.isna.ir/amp/1402081309495 ISNA – Silver Medal at Asian Club Championships] * [https://tehransarboland.ir/علیرضا-عباسی-سطح-مسابقات-و-داوری-بهتر-ا/ Tehransarboland – Competition Level] * [https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1403/04/19/3119164/ Tasnim News – Olympic Quota Loss] * [https://ufuqnews.com/archives/238108 Ufuq News – Participation] * [https://www.afghanpaper.com/nbody.php?id=175667 Afghan Paper – Biography] * [https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1145023/five-refugee-taekwondo-paris-2024 Inside The Games – Refugee Taekwondo Athletes] == Other websites == * [https://www.worldtaekwondo.org/ World Taekwondo official website] b4msnb4cw7uoy47epxzdssx6tnxuas6 0 1200310 10368492 10361220 2025-07-02T23:38:37Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10368492 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|Fails GNG. Reads promotional. Likely single purpose account doing undisclosed paid editing.}} {{Infobox person | name = Andrei Popescu | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Andrei-Dragoș Popescu | birth_date = 30 May 1985 | birth_place = Craiova, Romania | death_date = | death_place = | other_names = | occupation = Author, Investor | years_active = | known_for = | notable_works = Financial Digital Assets and the Financial Risk Modeling of Portfolio Investments }} '''Andrei-Dragos Popescu''' (''Andrei-Dragoș Popescu'' {{IPA|ro| anˈdrej ˈdraɡoʃ poˈpesku}}; born May 30, 1985 in [[Craiova]], [[Dolj County]], [[Romania]]) also known as '''Andrei Popescu''', is a Romanian-born author,<ref>{{cite web |title=Andrei D. Popescu - Google Scholar Citations |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=x6pdrM8AAAAJ |website=Google Scholar |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Andrei Dragos Popescu - ResearchGate Profile |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Andrei-Dragos-Popescu |website=ResearchGate |access-date=2025-05-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Andrei Dragos Popescu |url=https://www.igi-global.com/affiliate/andrei-dragos-popescu/409659 |website=IGI Global |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref> academic,<ref>{{cite web |title=Web of Science Profile |url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/ABO-2573-2022 |website=Web of Science |access-date=2025-05-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Scopus Author Profile |url=https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=58302830200 |website=Scopus |access-date=2025-05-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Academia.edu Profile |url=https://imst.academia.edu/AndreiPopescu |website=Academia.edu |access-date=2025-05-14}}</ref> entrepreneur,<ref>{{cite web |title=Bitcoin Extends Drop as Investors Pare Bets Amid Holidays |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/business/companies-markets/bitcoin-extends-drop-as-investors-pare-bets-amid-holidays |website=The Straits Times |date=26 December 2017 |access-date=2025-05-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Interview with Andrei Popescu – SCX Holdings |url=https://startup.info/andrei-popescu-scx-holdings/ |website=Startup.info |date=8 April 2021 |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref> and investor based in [[Singapore]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Bucharest, Romania: BLOCKCHAIN DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION CONFERENCE Resume |url=https://financialit.net/news/blockchain/bucharest-romania-blockcon-disruptive-innovation-conference-resume |website=Financial IT |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bitcoin bubble rises again after pre-Christmas rout |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/dec/26/bitcoin-bubble-rises-again-after-pre-christmas-rout |website=The Guardian |date=2017-12-26 |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Andrei Dragos |url=https://cryptorank.io/funds/andrei-dragos |website=CryptoRank |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Andrei Dragos |url=https://signal.nfx.com/investors/andrei-dragos |website=NFX Signal |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref> ==Career== Andrei-Dragos Popescu holds a master’s degree in Business Management and a PhD in Finance from the University of Craiova. He is the founder and CEO of SCX Holdings Pte. Ltd., a Singapore-based asset management and investment firm specializing in financial digital assets and investment strategies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andrei Popescu - Founder & CEO at SCX HOLDINGS PTE. LTD. |url=https://nocashevents.ro/andrei-popescu-founder-ceo-at-scx-holdings-pte-ltd-founder-ceoscx-holdings-pte-ltd/ |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=Nocashevents}}</ref> Throughout his career, Popescu has been actively involved in FinTech, Decentralized Finance, and investment management across Europe, Southeast Asia, and the United States. He has contributed to policy discussions, industry innovations, and blockchain-based financial solutions.<ref>{{cite web |title=Leading the Frontier of AI-Driven Finance: The Vision of Dr. Andrei Popescu |url=https://theelitex.com/leading-the-frontier-of-ai-driven-finance-the-vision-of-dr-andrei-popescu/ |website=The Elite X |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref> He is also the founding board member of the Romanian Chamber of Commerce in Singapore (RoCham - Singapore).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Andrei Popescu – Rocham |url=https://www.rocham.org.sg/member/andrei-popescu/ |access-date=2025-05-09}}</ref> In addition to his work in the financial industry, Popescu is a frequent speaker at industry conferences, where he discusses topics such as blockchain technology, financial digital assets portfolio modeling, decentralized finance, and financial inclusion. He has also authored and co-authored over 20 academic publications, many of which focus on these subjects.<ref>{{cite web |title=SCX Holdings – Winner |url=https://wealthandfinance.digital/winners/scx-holdings/ |website=Wealth & Finance |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |title=Crypto Marketplace Insights with Andrei Popescu, Co-Founder of COSS.io and SCX Holdings |url=https://coininfo.news/crypto-marketplace-insights-with-andrei-popescu-co-founder-of-coss-io-and-scx-holdings/ |website=Coin Info News |date=14 April 2018 |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bitcoin recovers some losses after its worst week since 2013 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-global-bitcoin/bitcoin-recovers-some-losses-after-its-worst-week-since-2013-idUSKBN1EK0AH |website=Reuters |date=2017-12-25 |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=What is Cryptocurrency & How Does it Work? |url=https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/episode-50-what-is-cryptocurrency-how-does-it-work/id1156267653?i=1000393674354 |website=Apple Podcasts |access-date=2025-05-08 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> His book, ''Financial Digital Assets and the Financial Risk Modeling of Portfolio Investments'', co-authored with Cristi Spulbar, was published by IGI Global Scientific Publishing in 2025. The work examines financial risk modeling and the integration of digital assets into traditional investment portfolios.<ref>{{cite web |title=Andrei Dragos Popescu {{!}} IGI Global Scientific Publishing |url=https://www.igi-global.com/affiliate/andrei-dragos-popescu/427875 |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=IGI Global}}</ref> ==Recognition== Andrei-Dragos Popescu was named Alternative Asset Management CEO of the Year (Singapore) in 2024 by APAC Insider, recognizing his contributions to the financial sector. In 2022, he was featured in the Top 100 Romanians Everywhere list by RePatriot, highlighting his entrepreneurial success internationally.<ref>{{cite web |title=Categoria Antreprenoriat – Top 100, Ediția 2022 |url=https://www.repatriot.ro/categoria-antreprenoriat-top-100-editia-2022/ |website=Repatriot.ro |date=13 October 2022 |language=ro |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Conference: Blockchain Disruptive Innovation |url=https://ccir.ro/event/conference-blockchain-disruptive-innovation/ |website=Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Romania |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref> His firm, SCX Holdings, was recognized in the Ethical Finance Awards 2022 by Wealth & Finance International for its work in sustainable and responsible investing.<ref>{{cite web |title=SCX Holdings – Winner |url=https://wealthandfinance.digital/winners/scx-holdings/ |website=Wealth & Finance |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref> Popescu has also been involved in mentoring initiatives, contributing to programs such as Asia Institute of Mentoring and Sparked Impact, where he advises entrepreneurs and professionals on financial technologies and investment strategies.<ref>{{cite web |title=SCX Holdings: Andrei Popescu |url=https://asiainstituteofmentoring.com/partners/scx-holdings-andrei-popescu-3260 |website=Asia Institute of Mentoring |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Andrei Dragos Popescu |url=https://www.sparked-impact.com/our-mentors/andrei-dragos-popescu |website=Sparked Impact |access-date=2025-05-08 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> His research contributions and industry insights have been highlighted by media and research organizations, including Asia Research News.<ref>{{cite web |title=Andrei Dragos Popescu |url=https://www.asiaresearchnews.com/content/andrei-dragos-popescu |website=Asia Research News |date=26 August 2023 |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref> ==Selected works== * Popescu, A. D. (2020). [https://sserr.ro/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/SSERR_2020_7_1_321_349.pdf Decentralized Finance (DeFi) – The Lego of Finance]. Social Sciences and Education Research Review, 7(1), 321-349. ISSN 2393–1264, ISSN–L 2392–9863. * Popescu, A. D. (2021). [https://cnpsi.com/PET/IBEM-Proceedings/IBEM%20PROCEEDINGS.pdf#page=31 Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT) - Innovation beyond the craze]. 5th International Conference on Innovation in Business, Economics & Marketing Research (IBEM-2021), Proceedings of Engineering & Technology – PET, 66, 26-30. * Popescu, A. D. (2022). [https://www.igi-global.com/gateway/chapter/291863 Understanding FinTech and Decentralized Finance (DeFi) for Financial Inclusion]. In M. Anshari, M. Almunawar, & M. Masri (Eds.), FinTech Development for Financial Inclusiveness (pp. 1-13). IGI Global. * Popescu, A. D. (2022a). [https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8856-7.ch010 The Financial Digital Assets Frontier: The Bridge Between the Past and the Future]. In A. Pego (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Global Networking Post COVID-19 (pp. 189-209). IGI Global. * Popescu, A. D., & Spulbar, C. M. (2022). [https://stec.univ-ovidius.ro/html/anale/RO/2022-2/Section%205/27.pdf The Impact of Returns and Influence of Crypto Assets on Different Asset Classes]. Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, 22(1), 969-980. ISSN-L 2393-3119, ISSN 2393-3127. * Popescu, A. D., & Spulbar, C. M. (2023). [https://zenodo.org/records/8241416 Financial Digital Assets and their interactions with the traditional financial markets: A DSGE analysis]. Social Sciences and Education Research Review, 10(1), 284-313. ISSN 2393–1264, ISSN–L 2392–9863. * Popescu, A. D. (2023). [https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7597-3.ch001 The Financial Digital Assets Frontier: The Bridge Between the Past and the Future]. In I. Management Association (Ed.), Research Anthology on Virtual Environments and Building the Metaverse (pp. 1-21). IGI Global. * Popescu, A. D., & Spulbar, C. M. (2025). [https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-8120-5 Financial Digital Assets and the Financial Risk Modeling of Portfolio Investments]. IGI Global. ==See also== * [[Financial technology]] * [[Cryptocurrency]] * [[Blockchain]] * [[Investment]] ==External links== * [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=x6pdrM8AAAAJ Google Scholar profile] * [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Andrei-Dragos-Popescu ResearchGate profile] * [https://www.igi-global.com/affiliate/andrei-dragos-popescu/409659 IGI Global author page] * [https://asiainstituteofmentoring.com/partners/scx-holdings-andrei-popescu-3260 Asia Institute of Mentoring profile] * [https://www.sparked-impact.com/our-mentors/andrei-dragos-popescu Sparked Impact mentor page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250509141942/https://www.sparked-impact.com/our-mentors/andrei-dragos-popescu |date=2025-05-09 }} ==References== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:1985 births]] [[Category:Romanian academics]] [[Category:Romanian writers]] 087mca0taiafu06cfqyurems0nzc48t 10368692 10368492 2025-07-03T02:07:39Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|Fails GNG. Reads promotional. Likely single purpose account doing undisclosed paid editing.}} {{Infobox person | name = Andrei Popescu | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Andrei-Dragoș Popescu | birth_date = 30 May 1985 | birth_place = Craiova, Romania | death_date = | death_place = | other_names = | occupation = Author, Investor | years_active = | known_for = | notable_works = Financial Digital Assets and the Financial Risk Modeling of Portfolio Investments }} '''Andrei-Dragos Popescu''' (''Andrei-Dragoș Popescu'' {{IPA|ro| anˈdrej ˈdraɡoʃ poˈpesku}}; born May 30, 1985 in [[Craiova]], [[Dolj County]], [[Romania]]) also known as '''Andrei Popescu''', is a Romanian-born author,<ref>{{cite web |title=Andrei D. Popescu - Google Scholar Citations |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=x6pdrM8AAAAJ |website=Google Scholar |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Andrei Dragos Popescu - ResearchGate Profile |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Andrei-Dragos-Popescu |website=ResearchGate |access-date=2025-05-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Andrei Dragos Popescu |url=https://www.igi-global.com/affiliate/andrei-dragos-popescu/409659 |website=IGI Global |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref> academic,<ref>{{cite web |title=Web of Science Profile |url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/ABO-2573-2022 |website=Web of Science |access-date=2025-05-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Scopus Author Profile |url=https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=58302830200 |website=Scopus |access-date=2025-05-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Academia.edu Profile |url=https://imst.academia.edu/AndreiPopescu |website=Academia.edu |access-date=2025-05-14}}</ref> entrepreneur,<ref>{{cite web |title=Bitcoin Extends Drop as Investors Pare Bets Amid Holidays |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/business/companies-markets/bitcoin-extends-drop-as-investors-pare-bets-amid-holidays |website=The Straits Times |date=26 December 2017 |access-date=2025-05-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Interview with Andrei Popescu – SCX Holdings |url=https://startup.info/andrei-popescu-scx-holdings/ |website=Startup.info |date=8 April 2021 |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref> and investor based in [[Singapore]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Bucharest, Romania: BLOCKCHAIN DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION CONFERENCE Resume |url=https://financialit.net/news/blockchain/bucharest-romania-blockcon-disruptive-innovation-conference-resume |website=Financial IT |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bitcoin bubble rises again after pre-Christmas rout |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/dec/26/bitcoin-bubble-rises-again-after-pre-christmas-rout |website=The Guardian |date=2017-12-26 |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Andrei Dragos |url=https://cryptorank.io/funds/andrei-dragos |website=CryptoRank |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Andrei Dragos |url=https://signal.nfx.com/investors/andrei-dragos |website=NFX Signal |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref> ==Career== Andrei-Dragos Popescu holds a master’s degree in Business Management and a PhD in Finance from the University of Craiova. He is the founder and CEO of SCX Holdings Pte. Ltd., a Singapore-based asset management and investment firm specializing in financial digital assets and investment strategies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andrei Popescu - Founder & CEO at SCX HOLDINGS PTE. LTD. |url=https://nocashevents.ro/andrei-popescu-founder-ceo-at-scx-holdings-pte-ltd-founder-ceoscx-holdings-pte-ltd/ |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=Nocashevents}}</ref> Throughout his career, Popescu has been actively involved in FinTech, Decentralized Finance, and investment management across Europe, Southeast Asia, and the United States. He has contributed to policy discussions, industry innovations, and blockchain-based financial solutions.<ref>{{cite web |title=Leading the Frontier of AI-Driven Finance: The Vision of Dr. Andrei Popescu |url=https://theelitex.com/leading-the-frontier-of-ai-driven-finance-the-vision-of-dr-andrei-popescu/ |website=The Elite X |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref> He is also the founding board member of the Romanian Chamber of Commerce in Singapore (RoCham - Singapore).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Andrei Popescu – Rocham |url=https://www.rocham.org.sg/member/andrei-popescu/ |access-date=2025-05-09}}</ref> In addition to his work in the financial industry, Popescu is a frequent speaker at industry conferences, where he discusses topics such as blockchain technology, financial digital assets portfolio modeling, decentralized finance, and financial inclusion. He has also authored and co-authored over 20 academic publications, many of which focus on these subjects.<ref name="SCX Holdings – Winner">{{cite web |title=SCX Holdings – Winner |url=https://wealthandfinance.digital/winners/scx-holdings/ |website=Wealth & Finance |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Crypto Marketplace Insights with Andrei Popescu, Co-Founder of COSS.io and SCX Holdings |url=https://coininfo.news/crypto-marketplace-insights-with-andrei-popescu-co-founder-of-coss-io-and-scx-holdings/ |website=Coin Info News |date=14 April 2018 |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bitcoin recovers some losses after its worst week since 2013 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-global-bitcoin/bitcoin-recovers-some-losses-after-its-worst-week-since-2013-idUSKBN1EK0AH |website=Reuters |date=2017-12-25 |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=What is Cryptocurrency & How Does it Work? |url=https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/episode-50-what-is-cryptocurrency-how-does-it-work/id1156267653?i=1000393674354 |website=Apple Podcasts |access-date=2025-05-08 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> His book, ''Financial Digital Assets and the Financial Risk Modeling of Portfolio Investments'', co-authored with Cristi Spulbar, was published by IGI Global Scientific Publishing in 2025. The work examines financial risk modeling and the integration of digital assets into traditional investment portfolios.<ref>{{cite web |title=Andrei Dragos Popescu {{!}} IGI Global Scientific Publishing |url=https://www.igi-global.com/affiliate/andrei-dragos-popescu/427875 |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=IGI Global}}</ref> ==Recognition== Andrei-Dragos Popescu was named Alternative Asset Management CEO of the Year (Singapore) in 2024 by APAC Insider, recognizing his contributions to the financial sector. In 2022, he was featured in the Top 100 Romanians Everywhere list by RePatriot, highlighting his entrepreneurial success internationally.<ref>{{cite web |title=Categoria Antreprenoriat – Top 100, Ediția 2022 |url=https://www.repatriot.ro/categoria-antreprenoriat-top-100-editia-2022/ |website=Repatriot.ro |date=13 October 2022 |language=ro |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Conference: Blockchain Disruptive Innovation |url=https://ccir.ro/event/conference-blockchain-disruptive-innovation/ |website=Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Romania |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref> His firm, SCX Holdings, was recognized in the Ethical Finance Awards 2022 by Wealth & Finance International for its work in sustainable and responsible investing.<ref name="SCX Holdings – Winner"/> Popescu has also been involved in mentoring initiatives, contributing to programs such as Asia Institute of Mentoring and Sparked Impact, where he advises entrepreneurs and professionals on financial technologies and investment strategies.<ref>{{cite web |title=SCX Holdings: Andrei Popescu |url=https://asiainstituteofmentoring.com/partners/scx-holdings-andrei-popescu-3260 |website=Asia Institute of Mentoring |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Andrei Dragos Popescu |url=https://www.sparked-impact.com/our-mentors/andrei-dragos-popescu |website=Sparked Impact |access-date=2025-05-08 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> His research contributions and industry insights have been highlighted by media and research organizations, including Asia Research News.<ref>{{cite web |title=Andrei Dragos Popescu |url=https://www.asiaresearchnews.com/content/andrei-dragos-popescu |website=Asia Research News |date=26 August 2023 |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref> ==Selected works== * Popescu, A. D. (2020). [https://sserr.ro/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/SSERR_2020_7_1_321_349.pdf Decentralized Finance (DeFi) – The Lego of Finance]. Social Sciences and Education Research Review, 7(1), 321-349. ISSN 2393–1264, ISSN–L 2392–9863. * Popescu, A. D. (2021). [https://cnpsi.com/PET/IBEM-Proceedings/IBEM%20PROCEEDINGS.pdf#page=31 Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT) - Innovation beyond the craze]. 5th International Conference on Innovation in Business, Economics & Marketing Research (IBEM-2021), Proceedings of Engineering & Technology – PET, 66, 26-30. * Popescu, A. D. (2022). [https://www.igi-global.com/gateway/chapter/291863 Understanding FinTech and Decentralized Finance (DeFi) for Financial Inclusion]. In M. Anshari, M. Almunawar, & M. Masri (Eds.), FinTech Development for Financial Inclusiveness (pp.&nbsp;1–13). IGI Global. * Popescu, A. D. (2022a). [https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8856-7.ch010 The Financial Digital Assets Frontier: The Bridge Between the Past and the Future]. In A. Pego (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Global Networking Post COVID-19 (pp.&nbsp;189–209). IGI Global. * Popescu, A. D., & Spulbar, C. M. (2022). [https://stec.univ-ovidius.ro/html/anale/RO/2022-2/Section%205/27.pdf The Impact of Returns and Influence of Crypto Assets on Different Asset Classes]. Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, 22(1), 969-980. ISSN-L 2393-3119, ISSN 2393-3127. * Popescu, A. D., & Spulbar, C. M. (2023). [https://zenodo.org/records/8241416 Financial Digital Assets and their interactions with the traditional financial markets: A DSGE analysis]. Social Sciences and Education Research Review, 10(1), 284-313. ISSN 2393–1264, ISSN–L 2392–9863. * Popescu, A. D. (2023). [https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7597-3.ch001 The Financial Digital Assets Frontier: The Bridge Between the Past and the Future]. In I. Management Association (Ed.), Research Anthology on Virtual Environments and Building the Metaverse (pp.&nbsp;1–21). IGI Global. * Popescu, A. D., & Spulbar, C. M. (2025). [https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-8120-5 Financial Digital Assets and the Financial Risk Modeling of Portfolio Investments]. IGI Global. ==Related pages== * [[Financial technology]] * [[Cryptocurrency]] * [[Blockchain]] * [[Investment]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=x6pdrM8AAAAJ Google Scholar profile] * [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Andrei-Dragos-Popescu ResearchGate profile] * [https://www.igi-global.com/affiliate/andrei-dragos-popescu/409659 IGI Global author page] * [https://asiainstituteofmentoring.com/partners/scx-holdings-andrei-popescu-3260 Asia Institute of Mentoring profile] * [https://www.sparked-impact.com/our-mentors/andrei-dragos-popescu Sparked Impact mentor page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250509141942/https://www.sparked-impact.com/our-mentors/andrei-dragos-popescu |date=2025-05-09 }} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Popescu, Andrei}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:1985 births]] [[Category:Romanian academics]] [[Category:Romanian writers]] cubk5uaqqlm7zyxwos48q5n9omidjl6 0 1200311 10368725 10359011 2025-07-03T02:20:52Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | show_name = División Palermo | image = <!-- Image if available --> | genre = Comedy | country = Argentina | language = Spanish | num_seasons = 2 | first_aired = {{Start date|2023|02|17}} | network = Netflix | starring = Santiago Korovsky, Daniel Hendler, Pilar Gamboa, Marcelo Subiotto, Martín Garabal }} '''División Palermo''' (international title: '''''Community Squad''''') is an Argentine comedy television series that premiered on Netflix on February 17, 2023. It was created by [[Santiago Korovsky]], who also plays the main character Felipe Rozenfeld. ==Plot== The show tells the story of a newly formed "Urban Guard" in Buenos Aires. The squad is made up of people from minority groups, including a blind man, a transgender woman, a person in a wheelchair, and a Jewish man. The unit is created as a publicity move to improve the city's image rather than provide real public safety. The main character Felipe ends up in the middle of the absurd tasks and problems this group faces. The show mixes satire and comedy to explore how social inclusion is sometimes misused for political reasons. ==Reception== *División Palermo* received positive reviews for its clever satire and respectful humor. Critics praised the show for addressing serious topics like diversity and representation in a comedic way. The characters and their interactions feel original and grounded, while the series remains sharply critical of political hypocrisy. The German TV site [https://www.fernsehserien.tv/community-squad.shtml fernsehserien.tv] rated it 84 out of 100 points, calling it one of the smartest Netflix comedies in recent years.<ref>[https://www.fernsehserien.tv/community-squad.shtml ''Community Squad'' review at fernsehserien.tv]</ref> ==Main cast== * Santiago Korovsky as Felipe Rozenfeld * Daniel Hendler as Miguel * Pilar Gamboa as Sofía * Marcelo Subiotto as Commissioner Julio * Martín Garabal as Kevin * Charo López * Valeria Licciardi * Julio Marticorena * Facundo Bogarín * Renato Condorí Sangalli ==Production== The series was written by Santiago Korovsky, Ignacio Sánchez Mestre, Florencia Percia, Martín Garabal, Mariana Wainstein, Ignacio Gaggero and Martina López Robol. It was directed by Santiago Korovsky and Diego Núñez Irigoyen. ==Other websites== * [https://www.netflix.com/title/81598761 División Palermo] on Netflix * [https://www.fernsehserien.tv/community-squad.shtml Review and full cast on fernsehserien.tv] [[Category:Argentine television series]] [[Category:2020s comedy television series]] [[Category:Netflix original programming]] [[Category:2023 television series debuts]] 6tjv1ytch2o4bzg4q56htkr5rouqago 0 1200398 10367985 10359477 2025-07-02T17:39:21Z Haoreima 1043157 10367985 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains special characters|Meitei}} Maibarol is a traditional [[Meitei language]] term that refers to the art and science of therapeutic practice. It includes a variety of healing methods such as spiritual rituals, herbal medicine, pulse diagnosis, and even crude surgical techniques. Practitioners of this ancient medical system were known as [[Maiba]] (male) and [[Maibi]] (female), but in earlier times they were also called Ametpa, which literally means "masseur" but colloquially means "therapist." Historical Background The organized institution for therapeutic practice in Manipur was called Ametpa Loishang. According to royal chronicles, the Ametpa Loishang was officially established around 1570 A.D. during the monarchical rule of Manipur. It functioned as the administrative and medical authority responsible for health and healing practices within the kingdom. Over time, the methods of healing used by Ametpa Loishang evolved: Initially, diseases were treated using hymns, charms, and spells, similar to exorcism practices. Later, the practitioners used herbal medicines and natural remedies. Eventually, they began performing basic surgical procedures to address more serious health conditions. Historical Cases and Records Use of Surgical Therapy One significant record from the royal chronicle dates to June 19, 1870 A.D. (Saka 1792). It describes the case of a woman who died due to an abortion performed by a female abortionist. After her death, officials from the Ametpa Loishang investigated the matter to determine the cause and responsibility. They were unable to find conclusive results until a surgical procedure confirmed that the woman had indeed been pregnant. This case highlights that surgical techniques were practiced and documented in Manipur during the 19th century. International Recognition The expertise of Manipuri therapeutic practitioners was recognized beyond the region. One recorded incident from May 1848 A.D. (Saka 1770) states that the Ahom king (from present-day Assam) was suffering from a serious illness that doctors from various regions failed to cure. Upon hearing of the skilled healers in Manipur, he requested help. A practitioner named Langoijamba Hema Singh was sent to the Ahom court, where he successfully treated the king over a period of six months. Even earlier, Sao-Ngan-Pha, a Pong king (contemporary to King Ningthoukhomba of Manipur, 1432–1467 A.D.), also visited Manipur for treatment. After being healed, he offered gifts of gold and silver to the Meitei king in gratitude. Methods and Techniques The Maibarol system included a wide range of diagnostic and treatment methods, such as: Pulse diagnosis: Feeling and interpreting different types of pulse rhythms. Case analysis: Taking detailed histories of symptoms before treatment. Spiritual rituals: Including chanting and offerings for healing. Medicinal prescriptions: Using herbs and natural ingredients. Surgery: In rare but documented cases, basic surgical techniques were performed. Follow-up care: Practitioners monitored patients' progress through regular visits. Legacy Maibarol represents a rich and holistic system of traditional medicine in Manipur. The knowledge and practices of the Ametpa Loishang contributed to both community health and the cultural heritage of the Meitei people. Though modern medicine has replaced many traditional methods, the Maiba-Maibi system remains a respected part of Manipuri identity and history. == Related pages == == References == {{Notelist}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} klqw7w9hhw40juawmb8n45scoid9tfo 10367994 10367985 2025-07-02T17:42:46Z Haoreima 1043157 10367994 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains special characters|Meitei}} '''Maibarol''' is a traditional [[Meitei language]] term that refers to the art and science of therapeutic practice. It includes a variety of healing methods such as spiritual rituals, herbal medicine, pulse diagnosis, and even crude surgical techniques. Practitioners of this ancient medical system were known as [[Maiba]] (male) and [[Maibi]] (female), but in earlier times they were also called Ametpa, which literally means "masseur" but colloquially means "therapist." == Historical background == The organized institution for therapeutic practice in [[Manipur]] was called Ametpa Loishang. According to royal chronicles, the Ametpa Loishang was officially established around 1570 C.E. during the monarchical rule of Manipur. It functioned as the administrative and medical authority responsible for health and healing practices within the kingdom. Over time, the methods of healing used by Ametpa Loishang evolved: Initially, diseases were treated using hymns, charms, and spells, similar to exorcism practices. Later, the practitioners used herbal medicines and natural remedies. Eventually, they began performing basic surgical procedures to address more serious health conditions. == Historical cases and records == === Use of surgical therapy === One significant record from the royal chronicle dates to June 19, 1870 C.E. (Saka 1792). It describes the case of a woman who died due to an abortion performed by a female abortionist. After her death, officials from the Ametpa Loishang investigated the matter to determine the cause and responsibility. They were unable to find conclusive results until a surgical procedure confirmed that the woman had indeed been pregnant. This case highlights that surgical techniques were practiced and documented in Manipur during the 19th century. == International recognition == {{See|Ahom–Meitei relations|Burmese–Meitei relations|Meitei–Shan relations}} The expertise of Meitei therapeutic practitioners was recognized beyond the region. One recorded incident from May 1848 C.E. (Saka 1770) states that the Ahom king (from present-day Assam) was suffering from a serious illness that doctors from various regions failed to cure. Upon hearing of the skilled healers in Manipur, he requested help. A practitioner named Langoijamba Hema Singh was sent to the Ahom court, where he successfully treated the king over a period of six months. Even earlier, Sao-Ngan-Pha, a Pong king (contemporary to King Ningthoukhomba of Manipur, 1432–1467 A.D.), also visited Manipur for treatment. After being healed, he offered gifts of gold and silver to the Meitei king in gratitude. == Methods and techniques == The Maibarol system included a wide range of diagnostic and treatment methods, such as: * Pulse diagnosis: Feeling and interpreting different types of pulse rhythms. * Case analysis: Taking detailed histories of symptoms before treatment. * Spiritual rituals: Including chanting and offerings for healing. * Medicinal prescriptions: Using herbs and natural ingredients. * Surgery: In rare but documented cases, basic surgical techniques were performed. * Follow-up care: Practitioners monitored patients' progress through regular visits. == Legacy == Maibarol represents a rich and holistic system of traditional medicine in Manipur. The knowledge and practices of the Ametpa Loishang contributed to both community health and the cultural heritage of the [[Meitei people]]. Though modern medicine has replaced many traditional methods, the Maiba-Maibi system remains a respected part of Meitei identity and history. == Related pages == == References == {{Notelist}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 0vl4gqrbpy2br4dx63aw7t0vbzdd5sh 10367997 10367994 2025-07-02T17:43:10Z Haoreima 1043157 10367997 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains special characters|Meitei}} '''Maibarol''' is a traditional [[Meitei language]] term that refers to the art and science of therapeutic practice. It includes a variety of healing methods such as spiritual rituals, herbal medicine, pulse diagnosis, and even crude surgical techniques. Practitioners of this ancient medical system were known as [[Maiba]] (male) and [[Maibi]] (female), but in earlier times they were also called Ametpa, which literally means "masseur" but colloquially means "therapist." == Historical background == The organized institution for therapeutic practice in [[Manipur]] was called Ametpa Loishang. According to royal chronicles, the Ametpa Loishang was officially established around 1570 C.E. during the monarchical rule of Manipur. It functioned as the administrative and medical authority responsible for health and healing practices within the kingdom. Over time, the methods of healing used by Ametpa Loishang evolved: * Initially, diseases were treated using hymns, charms, and spells, similar to exorcism practices. * Later, the practitioners used herbal medicines and natural remedies. * Eventually, they began performing basic surgical procedures to address more serious health conditions. == Historical cases and records == === Use of surgical therapy === One significant record from the royal chronicle dates to June 19, 1870 C.E. (Saka 1792). It describes the case of a woman who died due to an abortion performed by a female abortionist. After her death, officials from the Ametpa Loishang investigated the matter to determine the cause and responsibility. They were unable to find conclusive results until a surgical procedure confirmed that the woman had indeed been pregnant. This case highlights that surgical techniques were practiced and documented in Manipur during the 19th century. == International recognition == {{See|Ahom–Meitei relations|Burmese–Meitei relations|Meitei–Shan relations}} The expertise of Meitei therapeutic practitioners was recognized beyond the region. One recorded incident from May 1848 C.E. (Saka 1770) states that the Ahom king (from present-day Assam) was suffering from a serious illness that doctors from various regions failed to cure. Upon hearing of the skilled healers in Manipur, he requested help. A practitioner named Langoijamba Hema Singh was sent to the Ahom court, where he successfully treated the king over a period of six months. Even earlier, Sao-Ngan-Pha, a Pong king (contemporary to King Ningthoukhomba of Manipur, 1432–1467 A.D.), also visited Manipur for treatment. After being healed, he offered gifts of gold and silver to the Meitei king in gratitude. == Methods and techniques == The Maibarol system included a wide range of diagnostic and treatment methods, such as: * Pulse diagnosis: Feeling and interpreting different types of pulse rhythms. * Case analysis: Taking detailed histories of symptoms before treatment. * Spiritual rituals: Including chanting and offerings for healing. * Medicinal prescriptions: Using herbs and natural ingredients. * Surgery: In rare but documented cases, basic surgical techniques were performed. * Follow-up care: Practitioners monitored patients' progress through regular visits. == Legacy == Maibarol represents a rich and holistic system of traditional medicine in Manipur. The knowledge and practices of the Ametpa Loishang contributed to both community health and the cultural heritage of the [[Meitei people]]. Though modern medicine has replaced many traditional methods, the Maiba-Maibi system remains a respected part of Meitei identity and history. == Related pages == == References == {{Notelist}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} f5si8pt42q2o21ma8jj8rrtntvikv5k 10368000 10367997 2025-07-02T17:45:24Z Haoreima 1043157 10368000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains special characters|Meitei}} '''Maibarol''' is a traditional [[Meitei language]] term that refers to the art and science of therapeutic practice. It includes a variety of healing methods such as spiritual rituals, herbal medicine, pulse diagnosis, and even crude surgical techniques. Practitioners of this ancient medical system were known as [[Maiba]] (male) and [[Maibi]] (female), but in earlier times they were also called Ametpa, which literally means "masseur" but colloquially means "therapist."<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript By N Debendra|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra|access-date=2025-07-02|website=e-pao.net}}</ref> == Historical background == The organized institution for therapeutic practice in [[Manipur]] was called Ametpa Loishang. According to royal chronicles, the Ametpa Loishang was officially established around 1570 C.E. during the monarchical rule of Manipur. It functioned as the administrative and medical authority responsible for health and healing practices within the kingdom.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /> Over time, the methods of healing used by Ametpa Loishang evolved: * Initially, diseases were treated using hymns, charms, and spells, similar to exorcism practices. * Later, the practitioners used herbal medicines and natural remedies. * Eventually, they began performing basic surgical procedures to address more serious health conditions. == Historical cases and records == === Use of surgical therapy === One significant record from the royal chronicle dates to June 19, 1870 C.E. (Saka 1792). It describes the case of a woman who died due to an abortion performed by a female abortionist. After her death, officials from the Ametpa Loishang investigated the matter to determine the cause and responsibility. They were unable to find conclusive results until a surgical procedure confirmed that the woman had indeed been pregnant. This case highlights that surgical techniques were practiced and documented in Manipur during the 19th century. == International recognition == {{See|Ahom–Meitei relations|Burmese–Meitei relations|Meitei–Shan relations}} The expertise of Meitei therapeutic practitioners was recognized beyond the region. One recorded incident from May 1848 C.E. (Saka 1770) states that the Ahom king (from present-day Assam) was suffering from a serious illness that doctors from various regions failed to cure. Upon hearing of the skilled healers in Manipur, he requested help. A practitioner named Langoijamba Hema Singh was sent to the Ahom court, where he successfully treated the king over a period of six months. Even earlier, Sao-Ngan-Pha, a Pong king (contemporary to King Ningthoukhomba of Manipur, 1432–1467 A.D.), also visited Manipur for treatment. After being healed, he offered gifts of gold and silver to the Meitei king in gratitude. == Methods and techniques == The Maibarol system included a wide range of diagnostic and treatment methods, such as: * Pulse diagnosis: Feeling and interpreting different types of pulse rhythms. * Case analysis: Taking detailed histories of symptoms before treatment. * Spiritual rituals: Including chanting and offerings for healing. * Medicinal prescriptions: Using herbs and natural ingredients. * Surgery: In rare but documented cases, basic surgical techniques were performed. * Follow-up care: Practitioners monitored patients' progress through regular visits. == Legacy == Maibarol represents a rich and holistic system of traditional medicine in Manipur. The knowledge and practices of the Ametpa Loishang contributed to both community health and the cultural heritage of the [[Meitei people]]. Though modern medicine has replaced many traditional methods, the Maiba-Maibi system remains a respected part of Meitei identity and history. == Related pages == == References == {{Notelist}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} e2pxo9a1uhrfq3aswgkfectwrxzq9l5 10368005 10368000 2025-07-02T17:47:59Z Haoreima 1043157 10368005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains special characters|Meitei}} '''Maibarol''' is a traditional [[Meitei language]] term that refers to the art and science of therapeutic practice. It includes a variety of healing methods such as spiritual rituals, herbal medicine, pulse diagnosis, and even crude surgical techniques. Practitioners of this ancient medical system were known as [[Maiba]] (male) and [[Maibi]] (female), but in earlier times they were also called Ametpa, which literally means "masseur" but colloquially means "therapist."<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript By N Debendra|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra|access-date=2025-07-02|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":namami.gov.in">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscripts (by K. Sushila)|url=https://www.namami.gov.in/sites/default/files/final%20newsletter_7.pdf|website=namami.gov.in|page=15–17}}</ref> == Historical background == The organized institution for therapeutic practice in [[Manipur]] was called Ametpa Loishang. According to royal chronicles, the Ametpa Loishang was officially established around 1570 C.E. during the monarchical rule of Manipur. It functioned as the administrative and medical authority responsible for health and healing practices within the kingdom.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /> Over time, the methods of healing used by Ametpa Loishang evolved: * Initially, diseases were treated using hymns, charms, and spells, similar to exorcism practices. * Later, the practitioners used herbal medicines and natural remedies. * Eventually, they began performing basic surgical procedures to address more serious health conditions. == Historical cases and records == === Use of surgical therapy === One significant record from the royal chronicle dates to June 19, 1870 C.E. (Saka 1792). It describes the case of a woman who died due to an abortion performed by a female abortionist. After her death, officials from the Ametpa Loishang investigated the matter to determine the cause and responsibility. They were unable to find conclusive results until a surgical procedure confirmed that the woman had indeed been pregnant. This case highlights that surgical techniques were practiced and documented in Manipur during the 19th century. == International recognition == {{See|Ahom–Meitei relations|Burmese–Meitei relations|Meitei–Shan relations}} The expertise of Meitei therapeutic practitioners was recognized beyond the region. One recorded incident from May 1848 C.E. (Saka 1770) states that the Ahom king (from present-day Assam) was suffering from a serious illness that doctors from various regions failed to cure. Upon hearing of the skilled healers in Manipur, he requested help. A practitioner named Langoijamba Hema Singh was sent to the Ahom court, where he successfully treated the king over a period of six months. Even earlier, Sao-Ngan-Pha, a Pong king (contemporary to King Ningthoukhomba of Manipur, 1432–1467 A.D.), also visited Manipur for treatment. After being healed, he offered gifts of gold and silver to the Meitei king in gratitude. == Methods and techniques == The Maibarol system included a wide range of diagnostic and treatment methods, such as: * Pulse diagnosis: Feeling and interpreting different types of pulse rhythms. * Case analysis: Taking detailed histories of symptoms before treatment. * Spiritual rituals: Including chanting and offerings for healing. * Medicinal prescriptions: Using herbs and natural ingredients. * Surgery: In rare but documented cases, basic surgical techniques were performed. * Follow-up care: Practitioners monitored patients' progress through regular visits. == Legacy == Maibarol represents a rich and holistic system of traditional medicine in Manipur. The knowledge and practices of the Ametpa Loishang contributed to both community health and the cultural heritage of the [[Meitei people]]. Though modern medicine has replaced many traditional methods, the Maiba-Maibi system remains a respected part of Meitei identity and history. == Related pages == == References == {{Notelist}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} h3qz8jbxd8an83jvt6xl4fahydwq44z 10368015 10368005 2025-07-02T17:54:13Z Haoreima 1043157 10368015 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains special characters|Meitei}} '''Maibarol''' is a traditional [[Meitei language]] term that refers to the art and science of therapeutic practice. It includes a variety of healing methods such as spiritual rituals, herbal medicine, pulse diagnosis, and even crude surgical techniques. Practitioners of this ancient medical system were known as [[Maiba]] (male) and [[Maibi]] (female), but in earlier times they were also called Ametpa, which literally means "masseur" but colloquially means "therapist."<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript By N Debendra|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra|access-date=2025-07-02|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":namami.gov.in">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscripts (by K. Sushila)|url=https://www.namami.gov.in/sites/default/files/final%20newsletter_7.pdf|website=namami.gov.in|page=15–17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=573OEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA765&dq=maibarol&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5pZqc3p6OAxXtcWwGHa5FDUYQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=maibarol&f=false|title=Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture [2 volumes]|last=Walter|first=Mariko Namba|last2=Fridman|first2=Eva Jane Neumann|date=2004-12-15|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-1-57607-646-0|pages=765|language=en}}</ref> == Historical background == The organized institution for therapeutic practice in [[Manipur]] was called Ametpa Loishang. According to royal chronicles, the Ametpa Loishang was officially established around 1570 C.E. during the monarchical rule of Manipur. It functioned as the administrative and medical authority responsible for health and healing practices within the kingdom.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /> Over time, the methods of healing used by Ametpa Loishang evolved: * Initially, diseases were treated using hymns, charms, and spells, similar to exorcism practices. * Later, the practitioners used herbal medicines and natural remedies. * Eventually, they began performing basic surgical procedures to address more serious health conditions. == Historical cases and records == === Use of surgical therapy === One significant record from the royal chronicle dates to June 19, 1870 C.E. (Saka 1792). It describes the case of a woman who died due to an abortion performed by a female abortionist. After her death, officials from the Ametpa Loishang investigated the matter to determine the cause and responsibility. They were unable to find conclusive results until a surgical procedure confirmed that the woman had indeed been pregnant. This case highlights that surgical techniques were practiced and documented in Manipur during the 19th century. == International recognition == {{See|Ahom–Meitei relations|Burmese–Meitei relations|Meitei–Shan relations}} The expertise of Meitei therapeutic practitioners was recognized beyond the region. One recorded incident from May 1848 C.E. (Saka 1770) states that the Ahom king (from present-day Assam) was suffering from a serious illness that doctors from various regions failed to cure. Upon hearing of the skilled healers in Manipur, he requested help. A practitioner named Langoijamba Hema Singh was sent to the Ahom court, where he successfully treated the king over a period of six months. Even earlier, Sao-Ngan-Pha, a Pong king (contemporary to King Ningthoukhomba of Manipur, 1432–1467 A.D.), also visited Manipur for treatment. After being healed, he offered gifts of gold and silver to the Meitei king in gratitude. == Methods and techniques == The Maibarol system included a wide range of diagnostic and treatment methods, such as: * Pulse diagnosis: Feeling and interpreting different types of pulse rhythms. * Case analysis: Taking detailed histories of symptoms before treatment. * Spiritual rituals: Including chanting and offerings for healing. * Medicinal prescriptions: Using herbs and natural ingredients. * Surgery: In rare but documented cases, basic surgical techniques were performed. * Follow-up care: Practitioners monitored patients' progress through regular visits. == Legacy == Maibarol represents a rich and holistic system of traditional medicine in Manipur. The knowledge and practices of the Ametpa Loishang contributed to both community health and the cultural heritage of the [[Meitei people]]. Though modern medicine has replaced many traditional methods, the Maiba-Maibi system remains a respected part of Meitei identity and history. == Related pages == == References == {{Notelist}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} bbqfv0wkwaeb7msu8un0abevudxtec2 10368017 10368015 2025-07-02T17:55:49Z Haoreima 1043157 10368017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains special characters|Meitei}} '''Maibarol''', also known as '''Maibaron''', is a traditional [[Meitei language]] term that refers to the art and science of therapeutic practice. It includes a variety of healing methods such as spiritual rituals, herbal medicine, pulse diagnosis, and even crude surgical techniques. Practitioners of this ancient medical system were known as [[Maiba]] (male) and [[Maibi]] (female), but in earlier times they were also called Ametpa, which literally means "masseur" but colloquially means "therapist."<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript By N Debendra|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra|access-date=2025-07-02|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":namami.gov.in">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscripts (by K. Sushila)|url=https://www.namami.gov.in/sites/default/files/final%20newsletter_7.pdf|website=namami.gov.in|page=15–17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=573OEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA765&dq=maibarol&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5pZqc3p6OAxXtcWwGHa5FDUYQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=maibarol&f=false|title=Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture [2 volumes]|last=Walter|first=Mariko Namba|last2=Fridman|first2=Eva Jane Neumann|date=2004-12-15|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-1-57607-646-0|pages=765|language=en}}</ref> == Historical background == The organized institution for therapeutic practice in [[Manipur]] was called Ametpa Loishang. According to royal chronicles, the Ametpa Loishang was officially established around 1570 C.E. during the monarchical rule of Manipur. It functioned as the administrative and medical authority responsible for health and healing practices within the kingdom.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /> Over time, the methods of healing used by Ametpa Loishang evolved: * Initially, diseases were treated using hymns, charms, and spells, similar to exorcism practices. * Later, the practitioners used herbal medicines and natural remedies. * Eventually, they began performing basic surgical procedures to address more serious health conditions. == Historical cases and records == === Use of surgical therapy === One significant record from the royal chronicle dates to June 19, 1870 C.E. (Saka 1792). It describes the case of a woman who died due to an abortion performed by a female abortionist. After her death, officials from the Ametpa Loishang investigated the matter to determine the cause and responsibility. They were unable to find conclusive results until a surgical procedure confirmed that the woman had indeed been pregnant. This case highlights that surgical techniques were practiced and documented in Manipur during the 19th century. == International recognition == {{See|Ahom–Meitei relations|Burmese–Meitei relations|Meitei–Shan relations}} The expertise of Meitei therapeutic practitioners was recognized beyond the region. One recorded incident from May 1848 C.E. (Saka 1770) states that the Ahom king (from present-day Assam) was suffering from a serious illness that doctors from various regions failed to cure. Upon hearing of the skilled healers in Manipur, he requested help. A practitioner named Langoijamba Hema Singh was sent to the Ahom court, where he successfully treated the king over a period of six months. Even earlier, Sao-Ngan-Pha, a Pong king (contemporary to King Ningthoukhomba of Manipur, 1432–1467 A.D.), also visited Manipur for treatment. After being healed, he offered gifts of gold and silver to the Meitei king in gratitude. == Methods and techniques == The Maibarol system included a wide range of diagnostic and treatment methods, such as: * Pulse diagnosis: Feeling and interpreting different types of pulse rhythms. * Case analysis: Taking detailed histories of symptoms before treatment. * Spiritual rituals: Including chanting and offerings for healing. * Medicinal prescriptions: Using herbs and natural ingredients. * Surgery: In rare but documented cases, basic surgical techniques were performed. * Follow-up care: Practitioners monitored patients' progress through regular visits. == Legacy == Maibarol represents a rich and holistic system of traditional medicine in Manipur. The knowledge and practices of the Ametpa Loishang contributed to both community health and the cultural heritage of the [[Meitei people]]. Though modern medicine has replaced many traditional methods, the Maiba-Maibi system remains a respected part of Meitei identity and history. == Related pages == == References == {{Notelist}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} kue13fnol36mgo6503n6ummgoo9dd4r 10368020 10368017 2025-07-02T17:56:31Z Haoreima 1043157 10368020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains special characters|Meitei}} '''Maibarol''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯜ}}), also known as '''Maibaron''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯟ}}), is a traditional [[Meitei language]] term that refers to the art and science of therapeutic practice. It includes a variety of healing methods such as spiritual rituals, herbal medicine, pulse diagnosis, and even crude surgical techniques. Practitioners of this ancient medical system were known as [[Maiba]] (male) and [[Maibi]] (female), but in earlier times they were also called Ametpa, which literally means "masseur" but colloquially means "therapist."<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript By N Debendra|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra|access-date=2025-07-02|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":namami.gov.in">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscripts (by K. Sushila)|url=https://www.namami.gov.in/sites/default/files/final%20newsletter_7.pdf|website=namami.gov.in|page=15–17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=573OEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA765&dq=maibarol&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5pZqc3p6OAxXtcWwGHa5FDUYQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=maibarol&f=false|title=Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture [2 volumes]|last=Walter|first=Mariko Namba|last2=Fridman|first2=Eva Jane Neumann|date=2004-12-15|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-1-57607-646-0|pages=765|language=en}}</ref> == Historical background == The organized institution for therapeutic practice in [[Manipur]] was called Ametpa Loishang. According to royal chronicles, the Ametpa Loishang was officially established around 1570 C.E. during the monarchical rule of Manipur. It functioned as the administrative and medical authority responsible for health and healing practices within the kingdom.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /> Over time, the methods of healing used by Ametpa Loishang evolved: * Initially, diseases were treated using hymns, charms, and spells, similar to exorcism practices. * Later, the practitioners used herbal medicines and natural remedies. * Eventually, they began performing basic surgical procedures to address more serious health conditions. == Historical cases and records == === Use of surgical therapy === One significant record from the royal chronicle dates to June 19, 1870 C.E. (Saka 1792). It describes the case of a woman who died due to an abortion performed by a female abortionist. After her death, officials from the Ametpa Loishang investigated the matter to determine the cause and responsibility. They were unable to find conclusive results until a surgical procedure confirmed that the woman had indeed been pregnant. This case highlights that surgical techniques were practiced and documented in Manipur during the 19th century. == International recognition == {{See|Ahom–Meitei relations|Burmese–Meitei relations|Meitei–Shan relations}} The expertise of Meitei therapeutic practitioners was recognized beyond the region. One recorded incident from May 1848 C.E. (Saka 1770) states that the Ahom king (from present-day Assam) was suffering from a serious illness that doctors from various regions failed to cure. Upon hearing of the skilled healers in Manipur, he requested help. A practitioner named Langoijamba Hema Singh was sent to the Ahom court, where he successfully treated the king over a period of six months. Even earlier, Sao-Ngan-Pha, a Pong king (contemporary to King Ningthoukhomba of Manipur, 1432–1467 A.D.), also visited Manipur for treatment. After being healed, he offered gifts of gold and silver to the Meitei king in gratitude. == Methods and techniques == The Maibarol system included a wide range of diagnostic and treatment methods, such as: * Pulse diagnosis: Feeling and interpreting different types of pulse rhythms. * Case analysis: Taking detailed histories of symptoms before treatment. * Spiritual rituals: Including chanting and offerings for healing. * Medicinal prescriptions: Using herbs and natural ingredients. * Surgery: In rare but documented cases, basic surgical techniques were performed. * Follow-up care: Practitioners monitored patients' progress through regular visits. == Legacy == Maibarol represents a rich and holistic system of traditional medicine in Manipur. The knowledge and practices of the Ametpa Loishang contributed to both community health and the cultural heritage of the [[Meitei people]]. Though modern medicine has replaced many traditional methods, the Maiba-Maibi system remains a respected part of Meitei identity and history. == Related pages == == References == {{Notelist}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 7xl9gl90vagppdnjo71dx7bkmwonnwx 10368024 10368020 2025-07-02T17:58:53Z Haoreima 1043157 10368024 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains special characters|Meitei}} '''Maibarol''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯜ}}), also known as '''Maibaron''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯟ}}), is a traditional [[Meitei language]] term that refers to the art and science of therapeutic practice. It includes a variety of healing methods such as spiritual rituals, herbal medicine, pulse diagnosis, and even crude surgical techniques. Practitioners of this ancient medical system were known as [[Maiba]] (male) and [[Maibi]] (female), but in earlier times they were also called Ametpa, which literally means "masseur" but colloquially means "therapist."<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript By N Debendra|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra|access-date=2025-07-02|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":namami.gov.in">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscripts (by K. Sushila)|url=https://www.namami.gov.in/sites/default/files/final%20newsletter_7.pdf|website=namami.gov.in|page=15–17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=573OEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA765&dq=maibarol&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5pZqc3p6OAxXtcWwGHa5FDUYQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=maibarol&f=false|title=Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture [2 volumes]|last=Walter|first=Mariko Namba|last2=Fridman|first2=Eva Jane Neumann|date=2004-12-15|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-1-57607-646-0|pages=765|language=en}}</ref> == Historical background == The organized institution for therapeutic practice in [[Manipur]] was called Ametpa Loishang. According to royal chronicles, the Ametpa Loishang was officially established around 1570 C.E. during the monarchical rule of Manipur. It functioned as the administrative and medical authority responsible for health and healing practices within the kingdom.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript">{{Cite web|last=Khumukcham|first=Rinku|date=2019-01-22|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript|url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=News from Manipur - Imphal Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Over time, the methods of healing used by Ametpa Loishang evolved: * Initially, diseases were treated using hymns, charms, and spells, similar to exorcism practices.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Later, the practitioners used herbal medicines and natural remedies. * Eventually, they began performing basic surgical procedures to address more serious health conditions. == Historical cases and records == === Use of surgical therapy === One significant record from the royal chronicle dates to June 19, 1870 C.E. (Saka 1792). It describes the case of a woman who died due to an abortion performed by a female abortionist. After her death, officials from the Ametpa Loishang investigated the matter to determine the cause and responsibility. They were unable to find conclusive results until a surgical procedure confirmed that the woman had indeed been pregnant. This case highlights that surgical techniques were practiced and documented in Manipur during the 19th century. == International recognition == {{See|Ahom–Meitei relations|Burmese–Meitei relations|Meitei–Shan relations}} The expertise of Meitei therapeutic practitioners was recognized beyond the region. One recorded incident from May 1848 C.E. (Saka 1770) states that the Ahom king (from present-day Assam) was suffering from a serious illness that doctors from various regions failed to cure. Upon hearing of the skilled healers in Manipur, he requested help. A practitioner named Langoijamba Hema Singh was sent to the Ahom court, where he successfully treated the king over a period of six months. Even earlier, Sao-Ngan-Pha, a Pong king (contemporary to King Ningthoukhomba of Manipur, 1432–1467 A.D.), also visited Manipur for treatment. After being healed, he offered gifts of gold and silver to the Meitei king in gratitude. == Methods and techniques == The Maibarol system included a wide range of diagnostic and treatment methods, such as: * Pulse diagnosis: Feeling and interpreting different types of pulse rhythms. * Case analysis: Taking detailed histories of symptoms before treatment. * Spiritual rituals: Including chanting and offerings for healing. * Medicinal prescriptions: Using herbs and natural ingredients. * Surgery: In rare but documented cases, basic surgical techniques were performed. * Follow-up care: Practitioners monitored patients' progress through regular visits. == Legacy == Maibarol represents a rich and holistic system of traditional medicine in Manipur. The knowledge and practices of the Ametpa Loishang contributed to both community health and the cultural heritage of the [[Meitei people]]. Though modern medicine has replaced many traditional methods, the Maiba-Maibi system remains a respected part of Meitei identity and history. == Related pages == == References == {{Notelist}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} g8tfvsq3owp2tayskuovxzgcmum3fyy 10369046 10368024 2025-07-03T05:58:09Z Haoreima 1043157 10369046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains special characters|Meitei}} [[File:Pestle and Mortar with peppercorns.jpg|thumb|Pestle and mortar, during the preparation of a medicine]] '''Maibarol''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯜ}}), also known as '''Maibaron''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯟ}}), is a traditional [[Meitei language]] term that refers to the art and science of therapeutic practice. It includes a variety of healing methods such as spiritual rituals, herbal medicine, pulse diagnosis, and even crude surgical techniques. Practitioners of this ancient medical system were known as [[Maiba]] (male) and [[Maibi]] (female), but in earlier times they were also called Ametpa, which literally means "masseur" but colloquially means "therapist."<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript By N Debendra|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra|access-date=2025-07-02|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":namami.gov.in">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscripts (by K. Sushila)|url=https://www.namami.gov.in/sites/default/files/final%20newsletter_7.pdf|website=namami.gov.in|page=15–17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=573OEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA765&dq=maibarol&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5pZqc3p6OAxXtcWwGHa5FDUYQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=maibarol&f=false|title=Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture [2 volumes]|last=Walter|first=Mariko Namba|last2=Fridman|first2=Eva Jane Neumann|date=2004-12-15|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-1-57607-646-0|pages=765|language=en}}</ref> == Historical background == The organized institution for therapeutic practice in [[Manipur]] was called Ametpa Loishang. According to royal chronicles, the Ametpa Loishang was officially established around 1570 C.E. during the monarchical rule of Manipur. It functioned as the administrative and medical authority responsible for health and healing practices within the kingdom.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript">{{Cite web|last=Khumukcham|first=Rinku|date=2019-01-22|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript|url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=News from Manipur - Imphal Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Over time, the methods of healing used by Ametpa Loishang evolved: * Initially, diseases were treated using hymns, charms, and spells, similar to exorcism practices.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Later, the practitioners used herbal medicines and natural remedies. * Eventually, they began performing basic surgical procedures to address more serious health conditions. == Historical cases and records == === Use of surgical therapy === One significant record from the royal chronicle dates to June 19, 1870 C.E. (Saka 1792). It describes the case of a woman who died due to an abortion performed by a female abortionist. After her death, officials from the Ametpa Loishang investigated the matter to determine the cause and responsibility. They were unable to find conclusive results until a surgical procedure confirmed that the woman had indeed been pregnant. This case highlights that surgical techniques were practiced and documented in Manipur during the 19th century. == International recognition == {{See|Ahom–Meitei relations|Burmese–Meitei relations|Meitei–Shan relations}} The expertise of Meitei therapeutic practitioners was recognized beyond the region. One recorded incident from May 1848 C.E. (Saka 1770) states that the Ahom king (from present-day Assam) was suffering from a serious illness that doctors from various regions failed to cure. Upon hearing of the skilled healers in Manipur, he requested help. A practitioner named Langoijamba Hema Singh was sent to the Ahom court, where he successfully treated the king over a period of six months. Even earlier, Sao-Ngan-Pha, a Pong king (contemporary to King Ningthoukhomba of Manipur, 1432–1467 A.D.), also visited Manipur for treatment. After being healed, he offered gifts of gold and silver to the Meitei king in gratitude. == Methods and techniques == The Maibarol system included a wide range of diagnostic and treatment methods, such as: * Pulse diagnosis: Feeling and interpreting different types of pulse rhythms. * Case analysis: Taking detailed histories of symptoms before treatment. * Spiritual rituals: Including chanting and offerings for healing. * Medicinal prescriptions: Using herbs and natural ingredients. * Surgery: In rare but documented cases, basic surgical techniques were performed. * Follow-up care: Practitioners monitored patients' progress through regular visits. == Legacy == Maibarol represents a rich and holistic system of traditional medicine in Manipur. The knowledge and practices of the Ametpa Loishang contributed to both community health and the cultural heritage of the [[Meitei people]]. Though modern medicine has replaced many traditional methods, the Maiba-Maibi system remains a respected part of Meitei identity and history. == Related pages == == References == {{Notelist}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} g79jc293dgh8z2oxxu6mfl9mu6ighsf 10369231 10369046 2025-07-03T08:35:27Z Haoreima 1043157 10369231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains special characters|Meitei}} [[File:Pestle and Mortar with peppercorns.jpg|thumb|Pestle and mortar, during the preparation of a medicine]] '''Maibarol''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯜ}}), also known as '''Maibaron''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯟ}}), is a traditional [[Meitei language]] term that refers to the art and science of therapeutic practice. It includes a variety of healing methods such as spiritual rituals, herbal medicine, pulse diagnosis, and even crude surgical techniques. Practitioners of this ancient medical system were known as [[Maiba]] (male) and [[Maibi]] (female), but in earlier times they were also called Ametpa, which literally means "masseur" but colloquially means "therapist."<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript By N Debendra|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra|access-date=2025-07-02|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":namami.gov.in">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscripts (by K. Sushila)|url=https://www.namami.gov.in/sites/default/files/final%20newsletter_7.pdf|website=namami.gov.in|page=15–17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=573OEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA765&dq=maibarol&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5pZqc3p6OAxXtcWwGHa5FDUYQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=maibarol&f=false|title=Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture [2 volumes]|last=Walter|first=Mariko Namba|last2=Fridman|first2=Eva Jane Neumann|date=2004-12-15|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-1-57607-646-0|pages=765|language=en}}</ref> == Historical background == The organized institution for therapeutic practice in [[Manipur]] was called Ametpa Loishang. According to royal chronicles, the Ametpa Loishang was officially established around 1570 C.E. during the monarchical rule of Manipur. It functioned as the administrative and medical authority responsible for health and healing practices within the kingdom.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript">{{Cite web|last=Khumukcham|first=Rinku|date=2019-01-22|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript|url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=News from Manipur - Imphal Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Over time, the methods of healing used by Ametpa Loishang evolved: * Initially, diseases were treated using hymns, charms, and spells, similar to exorcism practices.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Later, the practitioners used herbal medicines and natural remedies.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Eventually, they began performing basic surgical procedures to address more serious health conditions.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Historical cases and records == === Use of surgical therapy === One significant record from the royal chronicle dates to June 19, 1870 C.E. (Saka 1792). It describes the case of a woman who died due to an abortion performed by a female abortionist. After her death, officials from the Ametpa Loishang investigated the matter to determine the cause and responsibility. They were unable to find conclusive results until a surgical procedure confirmed that the woman had indeed been pregnant. This case highlights that surgical techniques were practiced and documented in Manipur during the 19th century.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == International recognition == {{See|Ahom–Meitei relations|Burmese–Meitei relations|Meitei–Shan relations}} The expertise of Meitei therapeutic practitioners was recognized beyond the region. One recorded incident from May 1848 C.E. (Saka 1770) states that the Ahom king (from present-day Assam) was suffering from a serious illness that doctors from various regions failed to cure. Upon hearing of the skilled healers in Manipur, he requested help. A practitioner named Langoijamba Hema Singh was sent to the Ahom court, where he successfully treated the king over a period of six months.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> Even earlier, Sao-Ngan-Pha, a Pong king (contemporary to King Ningthoukhomba of Manipur, 1432–1467 A.D.), also visited Manipur for treatment. After being healed, he offered gifts of gold and silver to the Meitei king in gratitude.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Methods and techniques == The Maibarol system included a wide range of diagnostic and treatment methods, such as: * Pulse diagnosis: Feeling and interpreting different types of pulse rhythms.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Case analysis: Taking detailed histories of symptoms before treatment.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Spiritual rituals: Including chanting and offerings for healing.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Medicinal prescriptions: Using herbs and natural ingredients.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Surgery: In rare but documented cases, basic surgical techniques were performed.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Follow-up care: Practitioners monitored patients' progress through regular visits.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Legacy == Maibarol represents a rich and holistic system of traditional medicine in Manipur. The knowledge and practices of the Ametpa Loishang contributed to both community health and the cultural heritage of the [[Meitei people]]. Though modern medicine has replaced many traditional methods, the Maiba-Maibi system remains a respected part of Meitei identity and history.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Related pages == == References == {{Notelist}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} ssqs3sb5z8mi0ws600fn1pumq0tdn1m 10369237 10369231 2025-07-03T08:45:09Z Haoreima 1043157 10369237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains special characters|Meitei}} [[File:Pestle and Mortar with peppercorns.jpg|thumb|Pestle and mortar, during the preparation of a medicine]] '''Maibarol''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯜ}}), also known as '''Maibaron''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯟ}}), is a traditional [[Meitei language]] term that refers to the art and science of therapeutic practice. It includes a variety of healing methods such as spiritual rituals, herbal medicine, pulse diagnosis, and even crude surgical techniques. Practitioners of this ancient medical system were known as [[Maiba]] (male) and [[Maibi]] (female),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pkc1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA35&dq=maibaron&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjS1b3LpaCOAxXPd2wGHTytJ8YQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Natural Products and Drug Discovery: An Integrated Approach|last=Mandal|first=Subhash C.|last2=Mandal|first2=Vivekananda|last3=Konishi|first3=Tetsuya|date=2018-02-16|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-102104-0|pages=35|language=en}}</ref> but in earlier times they were also called Ametpa, which literally means "masseur" but colloquially means "therapist."<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript By N Debendra|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra|access-date=2025-07-02|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":namami.gov.in">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscripts (by K. Sushila)|url=https://www.namami.gov.in/sites/default/files/final%20newsletter_7.pdf|website=namami.gov.in|page=15–17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=573OEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA765&dq=maibarol&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5pZqc3p6OAxXtcWwGHa5FDUYQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=maibarol&f=false|title=Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture [2 volumes]|last=Walter|first=Mariko Namba|last2=Fridman|first2=Eva Jane Neumann|date=2004-12-15|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-1-57607-646-0|pages=765|language=en}}</ref> == Historical background == The organized institution for therapeutic practice in [[Manipur]] was called Ametpa Loishang. According to royal chronicles, the Ametpa Loishang was officially established around 1570 C.E. during the monarchical rule of Manipur. It functioned as the administrative and medical authority responsible for health and healing practices within the kingdom.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript">{{Cite web|last=Khumukcham|first=Rinku|date=2019-01-22|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript|url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=News from Manipur - Imphal Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Over time, the methods of healing used by Ametpa Loishang evolved: * Initially, diseases were treated using hymns, charms, and spells, similar to exorcism practices.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Later, the practitioners used herbal medicines and natural remedies.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Eventually, they began performing basic surgical procedures to address more serious health conditions.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Historical cases and records == === Use of surgical therapy === One significant record from the royal chronicle dates to June 19, 1870 C.E. (Saka 1792). It describes the case of a woman who died due to an abortion performed by a female abortionist. After her death, officials from the Ametpa Loishang investigated the matter to determine the cause and responsibility. They were unable to find conclusive results until a surgical procedure confirmed that the woman had indeed been pregnant. This case highlights that surgical techniques were practiced and documented in Manipur during the 19th century.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == International recognition == {{See|Ahom–Meitei relations|Burmese–Meitei relations|Meitei–Shan relations}} The expertise of Meitei therapeutic practitioners was recognized beyond the region. One recorded incident from May 1848 C.E. (Saka 1770) states that the Ahom king (from present-day Assam) was suffering from a serious illness that doctors from various regions failed to cure. Upon hearing of the skilled healers in Manipur, he requested help. A practitioner named Langoijamba Hema Singh was sent to the Ahom court, where he successfully treated the king over a period of six months.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> Even earlier, Sao-Ngan-Pha, a Pong king (contemporary to King Ningthoukhomba of Manipur, 1432–1467 A.D.), also visited Manipur for treatment. After being healed, he offered gifts of gold and silver to the Meitei king in gratitude.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Methods and techniques == The Maibarol system included a wide range of diagnostic and treatment methods, such as: * Pulse diagnosis: Feeling and interpreting different types of pulse rhythms.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Case analysis: Taking detailed histories of symptoms before treatment.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Spiritual rituals: Including chanting and offerings for healing.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Medicinal prescriptions: Using herbs and natural ingredients.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Surgery: In rare but documented cases, basic surgical techniques were performed.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Follow-up care: Practitioners monitored patients' progress through regular visits.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Legacy == Maibarol represents a rich and holistic system of traditional medicine in Manipur. The knowledge and practices of the Ametpa Loishang contributed to both community health and the cultural heritage of the [[Meitei people]]. Though modern medicine has replaced many traditional methods, the Maiba-Maibi system remains a respected part of Meitei identity and history.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Related pages == == References == {{Notelist}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} d7f8zzgv23x5kgcvku92p6qgxz78whi 10369238 10369237 2025-07-03T08:46:02Z Haoreima 1043157 10369238 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains special characters|Meitei}} [[File:Pestle and Mortar with peppercorns.jpg|thumb|Pestle and mortar, during the preparation of a medicine]] '''Maibarol''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯜ}}), also known as '''Maibaron''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯟ}}),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vj7UEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA257&dq=maibaron&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjS1b3LpaCOAxXPd2wGHTytJ8YQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Bioprospecting of Tropical Medicinal Plants|last=Arunachalam|first=Karuppusamy|last2=Yang|first2=Xuefei|last3=Sasidharan|first3=Sreeja Puthanpura|date=2023-08-30|publisher=Springer Nature|isbn=978-3-031-28780-0|pages=257|language=en}}</ref> is a traditional [[Meitei language]] term that refers to the art and science of therapeutic practice. It includes a variety of healing methods such as spiritual rituals, herbal medicine, pulse diagnosis, and even crude surgical techniques. Practitioners of this ancient medical system were known as [[Maiba]] (male) and [[Maibi]] (female),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pkc1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA35&dq=maibaron&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjS1b3LpaCOAxXPd2wGHTytJ8YQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Natural Products and Drug Discovery: An Integrated Approach|last=Mandal|first=Subhash C.|last2=Mandal|first2=Vivekananda|last3=Konishi|first3=Tetsuya|date=2018-02-16|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-102104-0|pages=35|language=en}}</ref> but in earlier times they were also called Ametpa, which literally means "masseur" but colloquially means "therapist."<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript By N Debendra|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra|access-date=2025-07-02|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":namami.gov.in">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscripts (by K. Sushila)|url=https://www.namami.gov.in/sites/default/files/final%20newsletter_7.pdf|website=namami.gov.in|page=15–17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=573OEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA765&dq=maibarol&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5pZqc3p6OAxXtcWwGHa5FDUYQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=maibarol&f=false|title=Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture [2 volumes]|last=Walter|first=Mariko Namba|last2=Fridman|first2=Eva Jane Neumann|date=2004-12-15|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-1-57607-646-0|pages=765|language=en}}</ref> == Historical background == The organized institution for therapeutic practice in [[Manipur]] was called Ametpa Loishang. According to royal chronicles, the Ametpa Loishang was officially established around 1570 C.E. during the monarchical rule of Manipur. It functioned as the administrative and medical authority responsible for health and healing practices within the kingdom.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript">{{Cite web|last=Khumukcham|first=Rinku|date=2019-01-22|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript|url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=News from Manipur - Imphal Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Over time, the methods of healing used by Ametpa Loishang evolved: * Initially, diseases were treated using hymns, charms, and spells, similar to exorcism practices.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Later, the practitioners used herbal medicines and natural remedies.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Eventually, they began performing basic surgical procedures to address more serious health conditions.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Historical cases and records == === Use of surgical therapy === One significant record from the royal chronicle dates to June 19, 1870 C.E. (Saka 1792). It describes the case of a woman who died due to an abortion performed by a female abortionist. After her death, officials from the Ametpa Loishang investigated the matter to determine the cause and responsibility. They were unable to find conclusive results until a surgical procedure confirmed that the woman had indeed been pregnant. This case highlights that surgical techniques were practiced and documented in Manipur during the 19th century.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == International recognition == {{See|Ahom–Meitei relations|Burmese–Meitei relations|Meitei–Shan relations}} The expertise of Meitei therapeutic practitioners was recognized beyond the region. One recorded incident from May 1848 C.E. (Saka 1770) states that the Ahom king (from present-day Assam) was suffering from a serious illness that doctors from various regions failed to cure. Upon hearing of the skilled healers in Manipur, he requested help. A practitioner named Langoijamba Hema Singh was sent to the Ahom court, where he successfully treated the king over a period of six months.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> Even earlier, Sao-Ngan-Pha, a Pong king (contemporary to King Ningthoukhomba of Manipur, 1432–1467 A.D.), also visited Manipur for treatment. After being healed, he offered gifts of gold and silver to the Meitei king in gratitude.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Methods and techniques == The Maibarol system included a wide range of diagnostic and treatment methods, such as: * Pulse diagnosis: Feeling and interpreting different types of pulse rhythms.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Case analysis: Taking detailed histories of symptoms before treatment.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Spiritual rituals: Including chanting and offerings for healing.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Medicinal prescriptions: Using herbs and natural ingredients.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Surgery: In rare but documented cases, basic surgical techniques were performed.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Follow-up care: Practitioners monitored patients' progress through regular visits.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Legacy == Maibarol represents a rich and holistic system of traditional medicine in Manipur. The knowledge and practices of the Ametpa Loishang contributed to both community health and the cultural heritage of the [[Meitei people]]. Though modern medicine has replaced many traditional methods, the Maiba-Maibi system remains a respected part of Meitei identity and history.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Related pages == == References == {{Notelist}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} o8rlhrcar8r8od68jirajgru2koo9hy 10369244 10369238 2025-07-03T08:51:47Z Haoreima 1043157 /* Related pages */ 10369244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains special characters|Meitei}} [[File:Pestle and Mortar with peppercorns.jpg|thumb|Pestle and mortar, during the preparation of a medicine]] '''Maibarol''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯜ}}), also known as '''Maibaron''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯟ}}),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vj7UEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA257&dq=maibaron&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjS1b3LpaCOAxXPd2wGHTytJ8YQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Bioprospecting of Tropical Medicinal Plants|last=Arunachalam|first=Karuppusamy|last2=Yang|first2=Xuefei|last3=Sasidharan|first3=Sreeja Puthanpura|date=2023-08-30|publisher=Springer Nature|isbn=978-3-031-28780-0|pages=257|language=en}}</ref> is a traditional [[Meitei language]] term that refers to the art and science of therapeutic practice. It includes a variety of healing methods such as spiritual rituals, herbal medicine, pulse diagnosis, and even crude surgical techniques. Practitioners of this ancient medical system were known as [[Maiba]] (male) and [[Maibi]] (female),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pkc1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA35&dq=maibaron&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjS1b3LpaCOAxXPd2wGHTytJ8YQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Natural Products and Drug Discovery: An Integrated Approach|last=Mandal|first=Subhash C.|last2=Mandal|first2=Vivekananda|last3=Konishi|first3=Tetsuya|date=2018-02-16|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-102104-0|pages=35|language=en}}</ref> but in earlier times they were also called Ametpa, which literally means "masseur" but colloquially means "therapist."<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript By N Debendra|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra|access-date=2025-07-02|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":namami.gov.in">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscripts (by K. Sushila)|url=https://www.namami.gov.in/sites/default/files/final%20newsletter_7.pdf|website=namami.gov.in|page=15–17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=573OEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA765&dq=maibarol&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5pZqc3p6OAxXtcWwGHa5FDUYQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=maibarol&f=false|title=Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture [2 volumes]|last=Walter|first=Mariko Namba|last2=Fridman|first2=Eva Jane Neumann|date=2004-12-15|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-1-57607-646-0|pages=765|language=en}}</ref> == Historical background == The organized institution for therapeutic practice in [[Manipur]] was called Ametpa Loishang. According to royal chronicles, the Ametpa Loishang was officially established around 1570 C.E. during the monarchical rule of Manipur. It functioned as the administrative and medical authority responsible for health and healing practices within the kingdom.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript">{{Cite web|last=Khumukcham|first=Rinku|date=2019-01-22|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript|url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=News from Manipur - Imphal Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Over time, the methods of healing used by Ametpa Loishang evolved: * Initially, diseases were treated using hymns, charms, and spells, similar to exorcism practices.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Later, the practitioners used herbal medicines and natural remedies.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Eventually, they began performing basic surgical procedures to address more serious health conditions.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Historical cases and records == === Use of surgical therapy === One significant record from the royal chronicle dates to June 19, 1870 C.E. (Saka 1792). It describes the case of a woman who died due to an abortion performed by a female abortionist. After her death, officials from the Ametpa Loishang investigated the matter to determine the cause and responsibility. They were unable to find conclusive results until a surgical procedure confirmed that the woman had indeed been pregnant. This case highlights that surgical techniques were practiced and documented in Manipur during the 19th century.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == International recognition == {{See|Ahom–Meitei relations|Burmese–Meitei relations|Meitei–Shan relations}} The expertise of Meitei therapeutic practitioners was recognized beyond the region. One recorded incident from May 1848 C.E. (Saka 1770) states that the Ahom king (from present-day Assam) was suffering from a serious illness that doctors from various regions failed to cure. Upon hearing of the skilled healers in Manipur, he requested help. A practitioner named Langoijamba Hema Singh was sent to the Ahom court, where he successfully treated the king over a period of six months.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> Even earlier, Sao-Ngan-Pha, a Pong king (contemporary to King Ningthoukhomba of Manipur, 1432–1467 A.D.), also visited Manipur for treatment. After being healed, he offered gifts of gold and silver to the Meitei king in gratitude.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Methods and techniques == The Maibarol system included a wide range of diagnostic and treatment methods, such as: * Pulse diagnosis: Feeling and interpreting different types of pulse rhythms.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Case analysis: Taking detailed histories of symptoms before treatment.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Spiritual rituals: Including chanting and offerings for healing.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Medicinal prescriptions: Using herbs and natural ingredients.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Surgery: In rare but documented cases, basic surgical techniques were performed.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Follow-up care: Practitioners monitored patients' progress through regular visits.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Legacy == Maibarol represents a rich and holistic system of traditional medicine in Manipur. The knowledge and practices of the Ametpa Loishang contributed to both community health and the cultural heritage of the [[Meitei people]]. Though modern medicine has replaced many traditional methods, the Maiba-Maibi system remains a respected part of Meitei identity and history.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Related pages == * [[Yumsharol]] * [[Meitei astronomy]] == References == {{Notelist}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} tjzoisyt2aqovr8tn3h2q29cd379cpt 10369258 10369244 2025-07-03T09:09:10Z Haoreima 1043157 /* Historical background */ 10369258 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains special characters|Meitei}} [[File:Pestle and Mortar with peppercorns.jpg|thumb|Pestle and mortar, during the preparation of a medicine]] '''Maibarol''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯜ}}), also known as '''Maibaron''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯟ}}),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vj7UEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA257&dq=maibaron&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjS1b3LpaCOAxXPd2wGHTytJ8YQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Bioprospecting of Tropical Medicinal Plants|last=Arunachalam|first=Karuppusamy|last2=Yang|first2=Xuefei|last3=Sasidharan|first3=Sreeja Puthanpura|date=2023-08-30|publisher=Springer Nature|isbn=978-3-031-28780-0|pages=257|language=en}}</ref> is a traditional [[Meitei language]] term that refers to the art and science of therapeutic practice. It includes a variety of healing methods such as spiritual rituals, herbal medicine, pulse diagnosis, and even crude surgical techniques. Practitioners of this ancient medical system were known as [[Maiba]] (male) and [[Maibi]] (female),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pkc1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA35&dq=maibaron&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjS1b3LpaCOAxXPd2wGHTytJ8YQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Natural Products and Drug Discovery: An Integrated Approach|last=Mandal|first=Subhash C.|last2=Mandal|first2=Vivekananda|last3=Konishi|first3=Tetsuya|date=2018-02-16|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-102104-0|pages=35|language=en}}</ref> but in earlier times they were also called Ametpa, which literally means "masseur" but colloquially means "therapist."<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript By N Debendra|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra|access-date=2025-07-02|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":namami.gov.in">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscripts (by K. Sushila)|url=https://www.namami.gov.in/sites/default/files/final%20newsletter_7.pdf|website=namami.gov.in|page=15–17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=573OEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA765&dq=maibarol&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5pZqc3p6OAxXtcWwGHa5FDUYQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=maibarol&f=false|title=Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture [2 volumes]|last=Walter|first=Mariko Namba|last2=Fridman|first2=Eva Jane Neumann|date=2004-12-15|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-1-57607-646-0|pages=765|language=en}}</ref> == Historical background == The organized institution for therapeutic practice in [[Manipur]] was called Ametpa Loishang ({{Script|Mtei|ꯑꯃꯦꯠꯄ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯪ}}). According to royal chronicles, the Ametpa Loishang was officially established around 1570 C.E. during the monarchical rule of Manipur. It functioned as the administrative and medical authority responsible for health and healing practices within the kingdom.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript">{{Cite web|last=Khumukcham|first=Rinku|date=2019-01-22|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript|url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=News from Manipur - Imphal Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Over time, the methods of healing used by Ametpa Loishang evolved: * Initially, diseases were treated using hymns, charms, and spells, similar to exorcism practices.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Later, the practitioners used herbal medicines and natural remedies.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Eventually, they began performing basic surgical procedures to address more serious health conditions.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Historical cases and records == === Use of surgical therapy === One significant record from the royal chronicle dates to June 19, 1870 C.E. (Saka 1792). It describes the case of a woman who died due to an abortion performed by a female abortionist. After her death, officials from the Ametpa Loishang investigated the matter to determine the cause and responsibility. They were unable to find conclusive results until a surgical procedure confirmed that the woman had indeed been pregnant. This case highlights that surgical techniques were practiced and documented in Manipur during the 19th century.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == International recognition == {{See|Ahom–Meitei relations|Burmese–Meitei relations|Meitei–Shan relations}} The expertise of Meitei therapeutic practitioners was recognized beyond the region. One recorded incident from May 1848 C.E. (Saka 1770) states that the Ahom king (from present-day Assam) was suffering from a serious illness that doctors from various regions failed to cure. Upon hearing of the skilled healers in Manipur, he requested help. A practitioner named Langoijamba Hema Singh was sent to the Ahom court, where he successfully treated the king over a period of six months.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> Even earlier, Sao-Ngan-Pha, a Pong king (contemporary to King Ningthoukhomba of Manipur, 1432–1467 A.D.), also visited Manipur for treatment. After being healed, he offered gifts of gold and silver to the Meitei king in gratitude.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Methods and techniques == The Maibarol system included a wide range of diagnostic and treatment methods, such as: * Pulse diagnosis: Feeling and interpreting different types of pulse rhythms.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Case analysis: Taking detailed histories of symptoms before treatment.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Spiritual rituals: Including chanting and offerings for healing.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Medicinal prescriptions: Using herbs and natural ingredients.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Surgery: In rare but documented cases, basic surgical techniques were performed.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Follow-up care: Practitioners monitored patients' progress through regular visits.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Legacy == Maibarol represents a rich and holistic system of traditional medicine in Manipur. The knowledge and practices of the Ametpa Loishang contributed to both community health and the cultural heritage of the [[Meitei people]]. Though modern medicine has replaced many traditional methods, the Maiba-Maibi system remains a respected part of Meitei identity and history.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Related pages == * [[Yumsharol]] * [[Meitei astronomy]] == References == {{Notelist}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} kblrz9misxeqzuy4pa9f670pon1ovz9 10369264 10369258 2025-07-03T09:10:38Z Haoreima 1043157 10369264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains special characters|Meitei}} [[File:Pestle and Mortar with peppercorns.jpg|thumb|Pestle and mortar, during the preparation of a medicine]] '''Maibarol''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯜ}}), also known as '''Maibaron''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯟ}}),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vj7UEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA257&dq=maibaron&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjS1b3LpaCOAxXPd2wGHTytJ8YQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Bioprospecting of Tropical Medicinal Plants|last=Arunachalam|first=Karuppusamy|last2=Yang|first2=Xuefei|last3=Sasidharan|first3=Sreeja Puthanpura|date=2023-08-30|publisher=Springer Nature|isbn=978-3-031-28780-0|pages=257|language=en}}</ref> is a traditional [[Meitei language]] term that refers to the art and science of therapeutic practice. It includes a variety of healing methods such as spiritual rituals, herbal medicine, pulse diagnosis, and even crude surgical techniques of [[Meitei civilization]]. Practitioners of this ancient medical system were known as [[Maiba]] (male) and [[Maibi]] (female),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pkc1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA35&dq=maibaron&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjS1b3LpaCOAxXPd2wGHTytJ8YQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Natural Products and Drug Discovery: An Integrated Approach|last=Mandal|first=Subhash C.|last2=Mandal|first2=Vivekananda|last3=Konishi|first3=Tetsuya|date=2018-02-16|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-102104-0|pages=35|language=en}}</ref> but in earlier times they were also called Ametpa, which literally means "masseur" but colloquially means "therapist."<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript By N Debendra|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra|access-date=2025-07-02|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":namami.gov.in">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscripts (by K. Sushila)|url=https://www.namami.gov.in/sites/default/files/final%20newsletter_7.pdf|website=namami.gov.in|page=15–17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=573OEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA765&dq=maibarol&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5pZqc3p6OAxXtcWwGHa5FDUYQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=maibarol&f=false|title=Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture [2 volumes]|last=Walter|first=Mariko Namba|last2=Fridman|first2=Eva Jane Neumann|date=2004-12-15|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-1-57607-646-0|pages=765|language=en}}</ref> == Historical background == The organized institution for therapeutic practice in [[Manipur]] was called Ametpa Loishang ({{Script|Mtei|ꯑꯃꯦꯠꯄ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯪ}}). According to royal chronicles, the Ametpa Loishang was officially established around 1570 C.E. during the monarchical rule of Manipur. It functioned as the administrative and medical authority responsible for health and healing practices within the kingdom.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript">{{Cite web|last=Khumukcham|first=Rinku|date=2019-01-22|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript|url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=News from Manipur - Imphal Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Over time, the methods of healing used by Ametpa Loishang evolved: * Initially, diseases were treated using hymns, charms, and spells, similar to exorcism practices.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Later, the practitioners used herbal medicines and natural remedies.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Eventually, they began performing basic surgical procedures to address more serious health conditions.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Historical cases and records == === Use of surgical therapy === One significant record from the royal chronicle dates to June 19, 1870 C.E. (Saka 1792). It describes the case of a woman who died due to an abortion performed by a female abortionist. After her death, officials from the Ametpa Loishang investigated the matter to determine the cause and responsibility. They were unable to find conclusive results until a surgical procedure confirmed that the woman had indeed been pregnant. This case highlights that surgical techniques were practiced and documented in Manipur during the 19th century.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == International recognition == {{See|Ahom–Meitei relations|Burmese–Meitei relations|Meitei–Shan relations}} The expertise of Meitei therapeutic practitioners was recognized beyond the region. One recorded incident from May 1848 C.E. (Saka 1770) states that the Ahom king (from present-day Assam) was suffering from a serious illness that doctors from various regions failed to cure. Upon hearing of the skilled healers in Manipur, he requested help. A practitioner named Langoijamba Hema Singh was sent to the Ahom court, where he successfully treated the king over a period of six months.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> Even earlier, Sao-Ngan-Pha, a Pong king (contemporary to King Ningthoukhomba of Manipur, 1432–1467 A.D.), also visited Manipur for treatment. After being healed, he offered gifts of gold and silver to the Meitei king in gratitude.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Methods and techniques == The Maibarol system included a wide range of diagnostic and treatment methods, such as: * Pulse diagnosis: Feeling and interpreting different types of pulse rhythms.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Case analysis: Taking detailed histories of symptoms before treatment.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Spiritual rituals: Including chanting and offerings for healing.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Medicinal prescriptions: Using herbs and natural ingredients.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Surgery: In rare but documented cases, basic surgical techniques were performed.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Follow-up care: Practitioners monitored patients' progress through regular visits.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Legacy == Maibarol represents a rich and holistic system of traditional medicine in Manipur. The knowledge and practices of the Ametpa Loishang contributed to both community health and the cultural heritage of the [[Meitei people]]. Though modern medicine has replaced many traditional methods, the Maiba-Maibi system remains a respected part of Meitei identity and history.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Related pages == * [[Yumsharol]] * [[Meitei astronomy]] == References == {{Notelist}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} qdhj5tp0mm6r2bml2iroi8y20zridxo 10369266 10369264 2025-07-03T09:13:32Z Haoreima 1043157 /* Historical background */ 10369266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains special characters|Meitei}} [[File:Pestle and Mortar with peppercorns.jpg|thumb|Pestle and mortar, during the preparation of a medicine]] '''Maibarol''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯜ}}), also known as '''Maibaron''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯟ}}),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vj7UEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA257&dq=maibaron&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjS1b3LpaCOAxXPd2wGHTytJ8YQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Bioprospecting of Tropical Medicinal Plants|last=Arunachalam|first=Karuppusamy|last2=Yang|first2=Xuefei|last3=Sasidharan|first3=Sreeja Puthanpura|date=2023-08-30|publisher=Springer Nature|isbn=978-3-031-28780-0|pages=257|language=en}}</ref> is a traditional [[Meitei language]] term that refers to the art and science of therapeutic practice. It includes a variety of healing methods such as spiritual rituals, herbal medicine, pulse diagnosis, and even crude surgical techniques of [[Meitei civilization]]. Practitioners of this ancient medical system were known as [[Maiba]] (male) and [[Maibi]] (female),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pkc1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA35&dq=maibaron&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjS1b3LpaCOAxXPd2wGHTytJ8YQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Natural Products and Drug Discovery: An Integrated Approach|last=Mandal|first=Subhash C.|last2=Mandal|first2=Vivekananda|last3=Konishi|first3=Tetsuya|date=2018-02-16|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-102104-0|pages=35|language=en}}</ref> but in earlier times they were also called Ametpa, which literally means "masseur" but colloquially means "therapist."<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript By N Debendra|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra|access-date=2025-07-02|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":namami.gov.in">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscripts (by K. Sushila)|url=https://www.namami.gov.in/sites/default/files/final%20newsletter_7.pdf|website=namami.gov.in|page=15–17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=573OEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA765&dq=maibarol&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5pZqc3p6OAxXtcWwGHa5FDUYQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=maibarol&f=false|title=Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture [2 volumes]|last=Walter|first=Mariko Namba|last2=Fridman|first2=Eva Jane Neumann|date=2004-12-15|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-1-57607-646-0|pages=765|language=en}}</ref> == Historical background == The organized institution for therapeutic practice in [[Manipur]] was called Ametpa Loishang ({{Script|Mtei|ꯑꯃꯦꯠꯄ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯪ}}), tracing back its origin from the time of King [[Nongda Lairen Pakhangba]], in 33 CE. According to royal chronicles, the Ametpa Loishang was officially established around 1570 C.E. during the monarchical rule of Manipur. It functioned as the administrative and medical authority responsible for health and healing practices within the kingdom.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript">{{Cite web|last=Khumukcham|first=Rinku|date=2019-01-22|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript|url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=News from Manipur - Imphal Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Over time, the methods of healing used by Ametpa Loishang evolved: * Initially, diseases were treated using hymns, charms, and spells, similar to exorcism practices.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Later, the practitioners used herbal medicines and natural remedies.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Eventually, they began performing basic surgical procedures to address more serious health conditions.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Historical cases and records == === Use of surgical therapy === One significant record from the royal chronicle dates to June 19, 1870 C.E. (Saka 1792). It describes the case of a woman who died due to an abortion performed by a female abortionist. After her death, officials from the Ametpa Loishang investigated the matter to determine the cause and responsibility. They were unable to find conclusive results until a surgical procedure confirmed that the woman had indeed been pregnant. This case highlights that surgical techniques were practiced and documented in Manipur during the 19th century.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == International recognition == {{See|Ahom–Meitei relations|Burmese–Meitei relations|Meitei–Shan relations}} The expertise of Meitei therapeutic practitioners was recognized beyond the region. One recorded incident from May 1848 C.E. (Saka 1770) states that the Ahom king (from present-day Assam) was suffering from a serious illness that doctors from various regions failed to cure. Upon hearing of the skilled healers in Manipur, he requested help. A practitioner named Langoijamba Hema Singh was sent to the Ahom court, where he successfully treated the king over a period of six months.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> Even earlier, Sao-Ngan-Pha, a Pong king (contemporary to King Ningthoukhomba of Manipur, 1432–1467 A.D.), also visited Manipur for treatment. After being healed, he offered gifts of gold and silver to the Meitei king in gratitude.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Methods and techniques == The Maibarol system included a wide range of diagnostic and treatment methods, such as: * Pulse diagnosis: Feeling and interpreting different types of pulse rhythms.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Case analysis: Taking detailed histories of symptoms before treatment.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Spiritual rituals: Including chanting and offerings for healing.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Medicinal prescriptions: Using herbs and natural ingredients.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Surgery: In rare but documented cases, basic surgical techniques were performed.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Follow-up care: Practitioners monitored patients' progress through regular visits.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Legacy == Maibarol represents a rich and holistic system of traditional medicine in Manipur. The knowledge and practices of the Ametpa Loishang contributed to both community health and the cultural heritage of the [[Meitei people]]. Though modern medicine has replaced many traditional methods, the Maiba-Maibi system remains a respected part of Meitei identity and history.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Related pages == * [[Yumsharol]] * [[Meitei astronomy]] == References == {{Notelist}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} ddrs0qf2yq5tq76karhyum4s63n7zxo 10369269 10369266 2025-07-03T09:15:00Z Haoreima 1043157 10369269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains special characters|Meitei}} [[File:Pestle and Mortar with peppercorns.jpg|thumb|Pestle and mortar, during the preparation of a medicine]] '''Maibarol''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯜ}}), also known as '''Maibaron''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯟ}}),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vj7UEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA257&dq=maibaron&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjS1b3LpaCOAxXPd2wGHTytJ8YQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Bioprospecting of Tropical Medicinal Plants|last=Arunachalam|first=Karuppusamy|last2=Yang|first2=Xuefei|last3=Sasidharan|first3=Sreeja Puthanpura|date=2023-08-30|publisher=Springer Nature|isbn=978-3-031-28780-0|pages=257|language=en}}</ref> is a traditional [[Meitei language]] term that refers to the art and science of therapeutic practice. It includes a variety of healing methods such as spiritual rituals, herbal medicine, pulse diagnosis, and even crude surgical techniques of [[Meitei civilization]]. Practitioners of this ancient medical system were known as [[Maiba]] (male) and [[Maibi]] (female),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pkc1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA35&dq=maibaron&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjS1b3LpaCOAxXPd2wGHTytJ8YQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Natural Products and Drug Discovery: An Integrated Approach|last=Mandal|first=Subhash C.|last2=Mandal|first2=Vivekananda|last3=Konishi|first3=Tetsuya|date=2018-02-16|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-102104-0|pages=35|language=en}}</ref> but in earlier times they were also called Ametpa, which literally means "masseur" but colloquially means "therapist."<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript By N Debendra|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra|access-date=2025-07-02|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":namami.gov.in">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscripts (by K. Sushila)|url=https://www.namami.gov.in/sites/default/files/final%20newsletter_7.pdf|website=namami.gov.in|page=15–17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=573OEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA765&dq=maibarol&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5pZqc3p6OAxXtcWwGHa5FDUYQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=maibarol&f=false|title=Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture [2 volumes]|last=Walter|first=Mariko Namba|last2=Fridman|first2=Eva Jane Neumann|date=2004-12-15|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-1-57607-646-0|pages=765|language=en}}</ref> == Historical background == The organized institution for therapeutic practice in [[Manipur]] was called Ametpa Loishang ({{Script|Mtei|ꯑꯃꯦꯠꯄ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯪ}}), tracing back its origin from the time of King [[Nongda Lairen Pakhangba]], in 33 CE.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4h4rBwAAQBAJ&dq=nongda+lairen+pakhangba&pg=PA116|title=Academic Days of Timişoara: Social Sciences Today|last=Palicica|first=Maria|last2=Raţă|first2=Georgeta|date=2011-09-22|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=978-1-4438-3401-8|pages=116|language=en}}</ref> According to royal chronicles, the Ametpa Loishang was officially established around 1570 C.E. during the monarchical rule of Manipur. It functioned as the administrative and medical authority responsible for health and healing practices within the kingdom.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript">{{Cite web|last=Khumukcham|first=Rinku|date=2019-01-22|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript|url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=News from Manipur - Imphal Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Over time, the methods of healing used by Ametpa Loishang evolved: * Initially, diseases were treated using hymns, charms, and spells, similar to exorcism practices.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Later, the practitioners used herbal medicines and natural remedies.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Eventually, they began performing basic surgical procedures to address more serious health conditions.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Historical cases and records == === Use of surgical therapy === One significant record from the royal chronicle dates to June 19, 1870 C.E. (Saka 1792). It describes the case of a woman who died due to an abortion performed by a female abortionist. After her death, officials from the Ametpa Loishang investigated the matter to determine the cause and responsibility. They were unable to find conclusive results until a surgical procedure confirmed that the woman had indeed been pregnant. This case highlights that surgical techniques were practiced and documented in Manipur during the 19th century.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == International recognition == {{See|Ahom–Meitei relations|Burmese–Meitei relations|Meitei–Shan relations}} The expertise of Meitei therapeutic practitioners was recognized beyond the region. One recorded incident from May 1848 C.E. (Saka 1770) states that the Ahom king (from present-day Assam) was suffering from a serious illness that doctors from various regions failed to cure. Upon hearing of the skilled healers in Manipur, he requested help. A practitioner named Langoijamba Hema Singh was sent to the Ahom court, where he successfully treated the king over a period of six months.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> Even earlier, Sao-Ngan-Pha, a Pong king (contemporary to King Ningthoukhomba of Manipur, 1432–1467 A.D.), also visited Manipur for treatment. After being healed, he offered gifts of gold and silver to the Meitei king in gratitude.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Methods and techniques == The Maibarol system included a wide range of diagnostic and treatment methods, such as: * Pulse diagnosis: Feeling and interpreting different types of pulse rhythms.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Case analysis: Taking detailed histories of symptoms before treatment.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Spiritual rituals: Including chanting and offerings for healing.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Medicinal prescriptions: Using herbs and natural ingredients.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Surgery: In rare but documented cases, basic surgical techniques were performed.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Follow-up care: Practitioners monitored patients' progress through regular visits.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Legacy == Maibarol represents a rich and holistic system of traditional medicine in Manipur. The knowledge and practices of the Ametpa Loishang contributed to both community health and the cultural heritage of the [[Meitei people]]. Though modern medicine has replaced many traditional methods, the Maiba-Maibi system remains a respected part of Meitei identity and history.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Related pages == * [[Yumsharol]] * [[Meitei astronomy]] == References == {{Notelist}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 22y8nabia54y9a0wyfeqpjbqijbammx 10369271 10369269 2025-07-03T09:15:59Z Haoreima 1043157 10369271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains special characters|Meitei}} [[File:Pestle and Mortar with peppercorns.jpg|thumb|Pestle and mortar, during the preparation of a medicine]] '''Maibarol''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯜ}}), also known as '''Maibaron''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯟ}}),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vj7UEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA257&dq=maibaron&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjS1b3LpaCOAxXPd2wGHTytJ8YQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Bioprospecting of Tropical Medicinal Plants|last=Arunachalam|first=Karuppusamy|last2=Yang|first2=Xuefei|last3=Sasidharan|first3=Sreeja Puthanpura|date=2023-08-30|publisher=Springer Nature|isbn=978-3-031-28780-0|pages=257|language=en}}</ref> is a traditional [[Meitei language]] term that refers to the art and science of therapeutic practice. It includes a variety of healing methods such as spiritual rituals, herbal medicine, pulse diagnosis, and even crude surgical techniques of [[Meitei civilization]]. Practitioners of this ancient medical system were known as [[Maiba]] (male) and [[Maibi]] (female),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pkc1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA35&dq=maibaron&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjS1b3LpaCOAxXPd2wGHTytJ8YQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Natural Products and Drug Discovery: An Integrated Approach|last=Mandal|first=Subhash C.|last2=Mandal|first2=Vivekananda|last3=Konishi|first3=Tetsuya|date=2018-02-16|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-102104-0|pages=35|language=en}}</ref> but in earlier times they were also called Ametpa, which literally means "masseur" but colloquially means "therapist."<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript By N Debendra|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra|access-date=2025-07-02|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":namami.gov.in">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscripts (by K. Sushila)|url=https://www.namami.gov.in/sites/default/files/final%20newsletter_7.pdf|website=namami.gov.in|page=15–17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=573OEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA765&dq=maibarol&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5pZqc3p6OAxXtcWwGHa5FDUYQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=maibarol&f=false|title=Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture [2 volumes]|last=Walter|first=Mariko Namba|last2=Fridman|first2=Eva Jane Neumann|date=2004-12-15|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-1-57607-646-0|pages=765|language=en}}</ref> == Historical background == The organized institution for therapeutic practice in [[Manipur]] was called Ametpa Loishang ({{Script|Mtei|ꯑꯃꯦꯠꯄ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯪ}}), tracing back its origin from the time of King [[Nongda Lairen Pakhangba]], in 33 CE.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4h4rBwAAQBAJ&dq=nongda+lairen+pakhangba&pg=PA116|title=Academic Days of Timişoara: Social Sciences Today|last=Palicica|first=Maria|last2=Raţă|first2=Georgeta|date=2011-09-22|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=978-1-4438-3401-8|pages=116|language=en}}</ref> According to royal chronicles, the Ametpa Loishang was officially, formally and systematically established around 1570 C.E. during the monarchical rule of Manipur. It functioned as the administrative and medical authority responsible for health and healing practices within the kingdom.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript">{{Cite web|last=Khumukcham|first=Rinku|date=2019-01-22|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript|url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=News from Manipur - Imphal Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Over time, the methods of healing used by Ametpa Loishang evolved: * Initially, diseases were treated using hymns, charms, and spells, similar to exorcism practices.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Later, the practitioners used herbal medicines and natural remedies.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Eventually, they began performing basic surgical procedures to address more serious health conditions.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Historical cases and records == === Use of surgical therapy === One significant record from the royal chronicle dates to June 19, 1870 C.E. (Saka 1792). It describes the case of a woman who died due to an abortion performed by a female abortionist. After her death, officials from the Ametpa Loishang investigated the matter to determine the cause and responsibility. They were unable to find conclusive results until a surgical procedure confirmed that the woman had indeed been pregnant. This case highlights that surgical techniques were practiced and documented in Manipur during the 19th century.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == International recognition == {{See|Ahom–Meitei relations|Burmese–Meitei relations|Meitei–Shan relations}} The expertise of Meitei therapeutic practitioners was recognized beyond the region. One recorded incident from May 1848 C.E. (Saka 1770) states that the Ahom king (from present-day Assam) was suffering from a serious illness that doctors from various regions failed to cure. Upon hearing of the skilled healers in Manipur, he requested help. A practitioner named Langoijamba Hema Singh was sent to the Ahom court, where he successfully treated the king over a period of six months.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> Even earlier, Sao-Ngan-Pha, a Pong king (contemporary to King Ningthoukhomba of Manipur, 1432–1467 A.D.), also visited Manipur for treatment. After being healed, he offered gifts of gold and silver to the Meitei king in gratitude.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Methods and techniques == The Maibarol system included a wide range of diagnostic and treatment methods, such as: * Pulse diagnosis: Feeling and interpreting different types of pulse rhythms.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Case analysis: Taking detailed histories of symptoms before treatment.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Spiritual rituals: Including chanting and offerings for healing.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Medicinal prescriptions: Using herbs and natural ingredients.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Surgery: In rare but documented cases, basic surgical techniques were performed.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Follow-up care: Practitioners monitored patients' progress through regular visits.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Legacy == Maibarol represents a rich and holistic system of traditional medicine in Manipur. The knowledge and practices of the Ametpa Loishang contributed to both community health and the cultural heritage of the [[Meitei people]]. Though modern medicine has replaced many traditional methods, the Maiba-Maibi system remains a respected part of Meitei identity and history.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Related pages == * [[Yumsharol]] * [[Meitei astronomy]] == References == {{Notelist}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} rcwl4udj2vjrtpss7pwa9v3pvkxkjld 10369272 10369271 2025-07-03T09:17:03Z Haoreima 1043157 10369272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains special characters|Meitei}} [[File:Pestle and Mortar with peppercorns.jpg|thumb|Pestle and mortar, during the preparation of a medicine]] '''Maibarol''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯜ}}), also known as '''Maibaron''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯟ}}),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vj7UEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA257&dq=maibaron&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjS1b3LpaCOAxXPd2wGHTytJ8YQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Bioprospecting of Tropical Medicinal Plants|last=Arunachalam|first=Karuppusamy|last2=Yang|first2=Xuefei|last3=Sasidharan|first3=Sreeja Puthanpura|date=2023-08-30|publisher=Springer Nature|isbn=978-3-031-28780-0|pages=257|language=en}}</ref> is a traditional [[Meitei language]] term that refers to the art and science of therapeutic practice. It includes a variety of healing methods such as spiritual rituals, herbal medicine, pulse diagnosis, and even crude surgical techniques of [[Meitei civilization]]. Practitioners of this ancient medical system were known as [[Maiba]] (male) and [[Maibi]] (female),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pkc1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA35&dq=maibaron&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjS1b3LpaCOAxXPd2wGHTytJ8YQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Natural Products and Drug Discovery: An Integrated Approach|last=Mandal|first=Subhash C.|last2=Mandal|first2=Vivekananda|last3=Konishi|first3=Tetsuya|date=2018-02-16|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-102104-0|pages=35|language=en}}</ref> but in earlier times they were also called Ametpa, which literally means "masseur" but colloquially means "therapist."<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript By N Debendra|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra|access-date=2025-07-02|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":namami.gov.in">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscripts (by K. Sushila)|url=https://www.namami.gov.in/sites/default/files/final%20newsletter_7.pdf|website=namami.gov.in|page=15–17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=573OEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA765&dq=maibarol&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5pZqc3p6OAxXtcWwGHa5FDUYQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=maibarol&f=false|title=Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture [2 volumes]|last=Walter|first=Mariko Namba|last2=Fridman|first2=Eva Jane Neumann|date=2004-12-15|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-1-57607-646-0|pages=765|language=en}}</ref> == Historical background == The organized institution for therapeutic practice in [[Manipur]] was called Ametpa Loishang ({{Script|Mtei|ꯑꯃꯦꯠꯄ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯪ}}), tracing back its origin from the time of King [[Nongda Lairen Pakhangba]] ({{Script|Mtei|ꯅꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯟ ꯄꯥꯈꯪꯕ}}), in 33 CE.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4h4rBwAAQBAJ&dq=nongda+lairen+pakhangba&pg=PA116|title=Academic Days of Timişoara: Social Sciences Today|last=Palicica|first=Maria|last2=Raţă|first2=Georgeta|date=2011-09-22|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=978-1-4438-3401-8|pages=116|language=en}}</ref> According to royal chronicles, the Ametpa Loishang was officially, formally and systematically established around 1570 C.E. during the monarchical rule of Manipur. It functioned as the administrative and medical authority responsible for health and healing practices within the kingdom.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript">{{Cite web|last=Khumukcham|first=Rinku|date=2019-01-22|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript|url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=News from Manipur - Imphal Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Over time, the methods of healing used by Ametpa Loishang evolved: * Initially, diseases were treated using hymns, charms, and spells, similar to exorcism practices.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Later, the practitioners used herbal medicines and natural remedies.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Eventually, they began performing basic surgical procedures to address more serious health conditions.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Historical cases and records == === Use of surgical therapy === One significant record from the royal chronicle dates to June 19, 1870 C.E. (Saka 1792). It describes the case of a woman who died due to an abortion performed by a female abortionist. After her death, officials from the Ametpa Loishang investigated the matter to determine the cause and responsibility. They were unable to find conclusive results until a surgical procedure confirmed that the woman had indeed been pregnant. This case highlights that surgical techniques were practiced and documented in Manipur during the 19th century.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == International recognition == {{See|Ahom–Meitei relations|Burmese–Meitei relations|Meitei–Shan relations}} The expertise of Meitei therapeutic practitioners was recognized beyond the region. One recorded incident from May 1848 C.E. (Saka 1770) states that the Ahom king (from present-day Assam) was suffering from a serious illness that doctors from various regions failed to cure. Upon hearing of the skilled healers in Manipur, he requested help. A practitioner named Langoijamba Hema Singh was sent to the Ahom court, where he successfully treated the king over a period of six months.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> Even earlier, Sao-Ngan-Pha, a Pong king (contemporary to King Ningthoukhomba of Manipur, 1432–1467 A.D.), also visited Manipur for treatment. After being healed, he offered gifts of gold and silver to the Meitei king in gratitude.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Methods and techniques == The Maibarol system included a wide range of diagnostic and treatment methods, such as: * Pulse diagnosis: Feeling and interpreting different types of pulse rhythms.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Case analysis: Taking detailed histories of symptoms before treatment.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Spiritual rituals: Including chanting and offerings for healing.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Medicinal prescriptions: Using herbs and natural ingredients.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Surgery: In rare but documented cases, basic surgical techniques were performed.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Follow-up care: Practitioners monitored patients' progress through regular visits.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Legacy == Maibarol represents a rich and holistic system of traditional medicine in Manipur. The knowledge and practices of the Ametpa Loishang contributed to both community health and the cultural heritage of the [[Meitei people]]. Though modern medicine has replaced many traditional methods, the Maiba-Maibi system remains a respected part of Meitei identity and history.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Related pages == * [[Yumsharol]] * [[Meitei astronomy]] == References == {{Notelist}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} tulx7qr1aeqq9mjn388gywggrcyk8dg 10369274 10369272 2025-07-03T09:17:59Z Haoreima 1043157 10369274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains special characters|Meitei}} [[File:Pestle and Mortar with peppercorns.jpg|thumb|Pestle and mortar, during the preparation of a medicine]] '''Maibarol''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯜ}}), also known as '''Maibaron''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯟ}}),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vj7UEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA257&dq=maibaron&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjS1b3LpaCOAxXPd2wGHTytJ8YQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Bioprospecting of Tropical Medicinal Plants|last=Arunachalam|first=Karuppusamy|last2=Yang|first2=Xuefei|last3=Sasidharan|first3=Sreeja Puthanpura|date=2023-08-30|publisher=Springer Nature|isbn=978-3-031-28780-0|pages=257|language=en}}</ref> is a traditional [[Meitei language]] term that refers to the art and science of therapeutic practice. It includes a variety of healing methods such as spiritual rituals, herbal medicine, pulse diagnosis, and even crude surgical techniques of [[Meitei civilization]]. Practitioners of this ancient medical system were known as [[Maiba]] (male) and [[Maibi]] (female),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pkc1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA35&dq=maibaron&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjS1b3LpaCOAxXPd2wGHTytJ8YQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Natural Products and Drug Discovery: An Integrated Approach|last=Mandal|first=Subhash C.|last2=Mandal|first2=Vivekananda|last3=Konishi|first3=Tetsuya|date=2018-02-16|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-102104-0|pages=35|language=en}}</ref> but in earlier times they were also called Ametpa, which literally means "[[:en:wikt:masseur|masseur]]" but colloquially means "[[:en:wikt:therapist|therapist]]."<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript By N Debendra|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra|access-date=2025-07-02|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":namami.gov.in">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscripts (by K. Sushila)|url=https://www.namami.gov.in/sites/default/files/final%20newsletter_7.pdf|website=namami.gov.in|page=15–17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=573OEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA765&dq=maibarol&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5pZqc3p6OAxXtcWwGHa5FDUYQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=maibarol&f=false|title=Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture [2 volumes]|last=Walter|first=Mariko Namba|last2=Fridman|first2=Eva Jane Neumann|date=2004-12-15|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-1-57607-646-0|pages=765|language=en}}</ref> == Historical background == The organized institution for therapeutic practice in [[Manipur]] was called Ametpa Loishang ({{Script|Mtei|ꯑꯃꯦꯠꯄ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯪ}}), tracing back its origin from the time of King [[Nongda Lairen Pakhangba]] ({{Script|Mtei|ꯅꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯟ ꯄꯥꯈꯪꯕ}}), in 33 CE.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4h4rBwAAQBAJ&dq=nongda+lairen+pakhangba&pg=PA116|title=Academic Days of Timişoara: Social Sciences Today|last=Palicica|first=Maria|last2=Raţă|first2=Georgeta|date=2011-09-22|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=978-1-4438-3401-8|pages=116|language=en}}</ref> According to royal chronicles, the Ametpa Loishang was officially, formally and systematically established around 1570 C.E. during the monarchical rule of Manipur. It functioned as the administrative and medical authority responsible for health and healing practices within the kingdom.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript">{{Cite web|last=Khumukcham|first=Rinku|date=2019-01-22|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript|url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=News from Manipur - Imphal Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Over time, the methods of healing used by Ametpa Loishang evolved: * Initially, diseases were treated using hymns, charms, and spells, similar to exorcism practices.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Later, the practitioners used herbal medicines and natural remedies.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Eventually, they began performing basic surgical procedures to address more serious health conditions.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Historical cases and records == === Use of surgical therapy === One significant record from the royal chronicle dates to June 19, 1870 C.E. (Saka 1792). It describes the case of a woman who died due to an abortion performed by a female abortionist. After her death, officials from the Ametpa Loishang investigated the matter to determine the cause and responsibility. They were unable to find conclusive results until a surgical procedure confirmed that the woman had indeed been pregnant. This case highlights that surgical techniques were practiced and documented in Manipur during the 19th century.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == International recognition == {{See|Ahom–Meitei relations|Burmese–Meitei relations|Meitei–Shan relations}} The expertise of Meitei therapeutic practitioners was recognized beyond the region. One recorded incident from May 1848 C.E. (Saka 1770) states that the Ahom king (from present-day Assam) was suffering from a serious illness that doctors from various regions failed to cure. Upon hearing of the skilled healers in Manipur, he requested help. A practitioner named Langoijamba Hema Singh was sent to the Ahom court, where he successfully treated the king over a period of six months.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> Even earlier, Sao-Ngan-Pha, a Pong king (contemporary to King Ningthoukhomba of Manipur, 1432–1467 A.D.), also visited Manipur for treatment. After being healed, he offered gifts of gold and silver to the Meitei king in gratitude.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Methods and techniques == The Maibarol system included a wide range of diagnostic and treatment methods, such as: * Pulse diagnosis: Feeling and interpreting different types of pulse rhythms.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Case analysis: Taking detailed histories of symptoms before treatment.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Spiritual rituals: Including chanting and offerings for healing.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Medicinal prescriptions: Using herbs and natural ingredients.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Surgery: In rare but documented cases, basic surgical techniques were performed.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Follow-up care: Practitioners monitored patients' progress through regular visits.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Legacy == Maibarol represents a rich and holistic system of traditional medicine in Manipur. The knowledge and practices of the Ametpa Loishang contributed to both community health and the cultural heritage of the [[Meitei people]]. Though modern medicine has replaced many traditional methods, the Maiba-Maibi system remains a respected part of Meitei identity and history.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Related pages == * [[Yumsharol]] * [[Meitei astronomy]] == References == {{Notelist}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} s2ekelsr96k63ss85o5lfuqm6epipln 10369276 10369274 2025-07-03T09:19:36Z Haoreima 1043157 10369276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains special characters|Meitei}} [[File:Pestle and Mortar with peppercorns.jpg|thumb|Pestle and mortar, during the preparation of a medicine]] '''Maibarol''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯜ}}), also known as '''Maibaron''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯟ}}),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vj7UEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA257&dq=maibaron&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjS1b3LpaCOAxXPd2wGHTytJ8YQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Bioprospecting of Tropical Medicinal Plants|last=Arunachalam|first=Karuppusamy|last2=Yang|first2=Xuefei|last3=Sasidharan|first3=Sreeja Puthanpura|date=2023-08-30|publisher=Springer Nature|isbn=978-3-031-28780-0|pages=257|language=en}}</ref> is a traditional [[Meitei language]] term that refers to the art and science of therapeutic practice. It includes a variety of healing methods such as spiritual rituals, [[herbal medicine]], pulse diagnosis, and even crude surgical techniques of [[Meitei civilization]]. Practitioners of this ancient medical system were known as [[Maiba]] (male) and [[Maibi]] (female),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pkc1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA35&dq=maibaron&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjS1b3LpaCOAxXPd2wGHTytJ8YQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Natural Products and Drug Discovery: An Integrated Approach|last=Mandal|first=Subhash C.|last2=Mandal|first2=Vivekananda|last3=Konishi|first3=Tetsuya|date=2018-02-16|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-102104-0|pages=35|language=en}}</ref> but in earlier times they were also called Ametpa, which literally means "[[:en:wikt:masseur|masseur]]" but colloquially means "[[:en:wikt:therapist|therapist]]."<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript By N Debendra|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra|access-date=2025-07-02|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":namami.gov.in">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscripts (by K. Sushila)|url=https://www.namami.gov.in/sites/default/files/final%20newsletter_7.pdf|website=namami.gov.in|page=15–17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=573OEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA765&dq=maibarol&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5pZqc3p6OAxXtcWwGHa5FDUYQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=maibarol&f=false|title=Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture [2 volumes]|last=Walter|first=Mariko Namba|last2=Fridman|first2=Eva Jane Neumann|date=2004-12-15|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-1-57607-646-0|pages=765|language=en}}</ref> == Historical background == The organized institution for therapeutic practice in [[Manipur]] was called Ametpa Loishang ({{Script|Mtei|ꯑꯃꯦꯠꯄ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯪ}}), tracing back its origin from the time of King [[Nongda Lairen Pakhangba]] ({{Script|Mtei|ꯅꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯟ ꯄꯥꯈꯪꯕ}}), in 33 CE.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4h4rBwAAQBAJ&dq=nongda+lairen+pakhangba&pg=PA116|title=Academic Days of Timişoara: Social Sciences Today|last=Palicica|first=Maria|last2=Raţă|first2=Georgeta|date=2011-09-22|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=978-1-4438-3401-8|pages=116|language=en}}</ref> According to royal chronicles, the Ametpa Loishang was officially, formally and systematically established around 1570 C.E. during the monarchical rule of Manipur. It functioned as the administrative and medical authority responsible for health and healing practices within the kingdom.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript">{{Cite web|last=Khumukcham|first=Rinku|date=2019-01-22|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript|url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=News from Manipur - Imphal Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Over time, the methods of healing used by Ametpa Loishang evolved: * Initially, diseases were treated using hymns, charms, and spells, similar to exorcism practices.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Later, the practitioners used herbal medicines and natural remedies.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Eventually, they began performing basic surgical procedures to address more serious health conditions.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Historical cases and records == === Use of surgical therapy === One significant record from the royal chronicle dates to June 19, 1870 C.E. (Saka 1792). It describes the case of a woman who died due to an abortion performed by a female abortionist. After her death, officials from the Ametpa Loishang investigated the matter to determine the cause and responsibility. They were unable to find conclusive results until a surgical procedure confirmed that the woman had indeed been pregnant. This case highlights that surgical techniques were practiced and documented in Manipur during the 19th century.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == International recognition == {{See|Ahom–Meitei relations|Burmese–Meitei relations|Meitei–Shan relations}} The expertise of Meitei therapeutic practitioners was recognized beyond the region. One recorded incident from May 1848 C.E. (Saka 1770) states that the Ahom king (from present-day Assam) was suffering from a serious illness that doctors from various regions failed to cure. Upon hearing of the skilled healers in Manipur, he requested help. A practitioner named Langoijamba Hema Singh was sent to the Ahom court, where he successfully treated the king over a period of six months.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> Even earlier, Sao-Ngan-Pha, a Pong king (contemporary to King Ningthoukhomba of Manipur, 1432–1467 A.D.), also visited Manipur for treatment. After being healed, he offered gifts of gold and silver to the Meitei king in gratitude.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Methods and techniques == The Maibarol system included a wide range of diagnostic and treatment methods, such as: * Pulse diagnosis: Feeling and interpreting different types of pulse rhythms.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Case analysis: Taking detailed histories of symptoms before treatment.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Spiritual rituals: Including chanting and offerings for healing.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Medicinal prescriptions: Using herbs and natural ingredients.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Surgery: In rare but documented cases, basic surgical techniques were performed.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Follow-up care: Practitioners monitored patients' progress through regular visits.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Legacy == Maibarol represents a rich and holistic system of traditional medicine in Manipur. The knowledge and practices of the Ametpa Loishang contributed to both community health and the cultural heritage of the [[Meitei people]]. Though modern medicine has replaced many traditional methods, the Maiba-Maibi system remains a respected part of Meitei identity and history.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Related pages == * [[Yumsharol]] * [[Meitei astronomy]] == References == {{Notelist}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} jl86fgf2rzu5lxlljy1fge9r930cfom 10369278 10369276 2025-07-03T09:20:23Z Haoreima 1043157 Haoreima moved page [[User:Haoreima/Maibarol]] to [[Maibarol]] 10369276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains special characters|Meitei}} [[File:Pestle and Mortar with peppercorns.jpg|thumb|Pestle and mortar, during the preparation of a medicine]] '''Maibarol''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯜ}}), also known as '''Maibaron''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯟ}}),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vj7UEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA257&dq=maibaron&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjS1b3LpaCOAxXPd2wGHTytJ8YQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Bioprospecting of Tropical Medicinal Plants|last=Arunachalam|first=Karuppusamy|last2=Yang|first2=Xuefei|last3=Sasidharan|first3=Sreeja Puthanpura|date=2023-08-30|publisher=Springer Nature|isbn=978-3-031-28780-0|pages=257|language=en}}</ref> is a traditional [[Meitei language]] term that refers to the art and science of therapeutic practice. It includes a variety of healing methods such as spiritual rituals, [[herbal medicine]], pulse diagnosis, and even crude surgical techniques of [[Meitei civilization]]. Practitioners of this ancient medical system were known as [[Maiba]] (male) and [[Maibi]] (female),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pkc1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA35&dq=maibaron&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjS1b3LpaCOAxXPd2wGHTytJ8YQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Natural Products and Drug Discovery: An Integrated Approach|last=Mandal|first=Subhash C.|last2=Mandal|first2=Vivekananda|last3=Konishi|first3=Tetsuya|date=2018-02-16|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-102104-0|pages=35|language=en}}</ref> but in earlier times they were also called Ametpa, which literally means "[[:en:wikt:masseur|masseur]]" but colloquially means "[[:en:wikt:therapist|therapist]]."<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript By N Debendra|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra|access-date=2025-07-02|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":namami.gov.in">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscripts (by K. Sushila)|url=https://www.namami.gov.in/sites/default/files/final%20newsletter_7.pdf|website=namami.gov.in|page=15–17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=573OEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA765&dq=maibarol&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5pZqc3p6OAxXtcWwGHa5FDUYQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=maibarol&f=false|title=Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture [2 volumes]|last=Walter|first=Mariko Namba|last2=Fridman|first2=Eva Jane Neumann|date=2004-12-15|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-1-57607-646-0|pages=765|language=en}}</ref> == Historical background == The organized institution for therapeutic practice in [[Manipur]] was called Ametpa Loishang ({{Script|Mtei|ꯑꯃꯦꯠꯄ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯪ}}), tracing back its origin from the time of King [[Nongda Lairen Pakhangba]] ({{Script|Mtei|ꯅꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯟ ꯄꯥꯈꯪꯕ}}), in 33 CE.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4h4rBwAAQBAJ&dq=nongda+lairen+pakhangba&pg=PA116|title=Academic Days of Timişoara: Social Sciences Today|last=Palicica|first=Maria|last2=Raţă|first2=Georgeta|date=2011-09-22|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=978-1-4438-3401-8|pages=116|language=en}}</ref> According to royal chronicles, the Ametpa Loishang was officially, formally and systematically established around 1570 C.E. during the monarchical rule of Manipur. It functioned as the administrative and medical authority responsible for health and healing practices within the kingdom.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript">{{Cite web|last=Khumukcham|first=Rinku|date=2019-01-22|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript|url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=News from Manipur - Imphal Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Over time, the methods of healing used by Ametpa Loishang evolved: * Initially, diseases were treated using hymns, charms, and spells, similar to exorcism practices.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Later, the practitioners used herbal medicines and natural remedies.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Eventually, they began performing basic surgical procedures to address more serious health conditions.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Historical cases and records == === Use of surgical therapy === One significant record from the royal chronicle dates to June 19, 1870 C.E. (Saka 1792). It describes the case of a woman who died due to an abortion performed by a female abortionist. After her death, officials from the Ametpa Loishang investigated the matter to determine the cause and responsibility. They were unable to find conclusive results until a surgical procedure confirmed that the woman had indeed been pregnant. This case highlights that surgical techniques were practiced and documented in Manipur during the 19th century.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == International recognition == {{See|Ahom–Meitei relations|Burmese–Meitei relations|Meitei–Shan relations}} The expertise of Meitei therapeutic practitioners was recognized beyond the region. One recorded incident from May 1848 C.E. (Saka 1770) states that the Ahom king (from present-day Assam) was suffering from a serious illness that doctors from various regions failed to cure. Upon hearing of the skilled healers in Manipur, he requested help. A practitioner named Langoijamba Hema Singh was sent to the Ahom court, where he successfully treated the king over a period of six months.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> Even earlier, Sao-Ngan-Pha, a Pong king (contemporary to King Ningthoukhomba of Manipur, 1432–1467 A.D.), also visited Manipur for treatment. After being healed, he offered gifts of gold and silver to the Meitei king in gratitude.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Methods and techniques == The Maibarol system included a wide range of diagnostic and treatment methods, such as: * Pulse diagnosis: Feeling and interpreting different types of pulse rhythms.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Case analysis: Taking detailed histories of symptoms before treatment.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Spiritual rituals: Including chanting and offerings for healing.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Medicinal prescriptions: Using herbs and natural ingredients.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Surgery: In rare but documented cases, basic surgical techniques were performed.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Follow-up care: Practitioners monitored patients' progress through regular visits.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Legacy == Maibarol represents a rich and holistic system of traditional medicine in Manipur. The knowledge and practices of the Ametpa Loishang contributed to both community health and the cultural heritage of the [[Meitei people]]. Though modern medicine has replaced many traditional methods, the Maiba-Maibi system remains a respected part of Meitei identity and history.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Related pages == * [[Yumsharol]] * [[Meitei astronomy]] == References == {{Notelist}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} jl86fgf2rzu5lxlljy1fge9r930cfom 10369282 10369278 2025-07-03T09:23:07Z Haoreima 1043157 +[[Category:Meitei culture]]; +[[Category:History of Manipur]]; +[[Category:Medicine]]; +[[Category:Therapy]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10369282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains special characters|Meitei}} [[File:Pestle and Mortar with peppercorns.jpg|thumb|Pestle and mortar, during the preparation of a medicine]] '''Maibarol''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯜ}}), also known as '''Maibaron''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯟ}}),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vj7UEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA257&dq=maibaron&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjS1b3LpaCOAxXPd2wGHTytJ8YQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Bioprospecting of Tropical Medicinal Plants|last=Arunachalam|first=Karuppusamy|last2=Yang|first2=Xuefei|last3=Sasidharan|first3=Sreeja Puthanpura|date=2023-08-30|publisher=Springer Nature|isbn=978-3-031-28780-0|pages=257|language=en}}</ref> is a traditional [[Meitei language]] term that refers to the art and science of therapeutic practice. It includes a variety of healing methods such as spiritual rituals, [[herbal medicine]], pulse diagnosis, and even crude surgical techniques of [[Meitei civilization]]. Practitioners of this ancient medical system were known as [[Maiba]] (male) and [[Maibi]] (female),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pkc1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA35&dq=maibaron&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjS1b3LpaCOAxXPd2wGHTytJ8YQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Natural Products and Drug Discovery: An Integrated Approach|last=Mandal|first=Subhash C.|last2=Mandal|first2=Vivekananda|last3=Konishi|first3=Tetsuya|date=2018-02-16|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-102104-0|pages=35|language=en}}</ref> but in earlier times they were also called Ametpa, which literally means "[[:en:wikt:masseur|masseur]]" but colloquially means "[[:en:wikt:therapist|therapist]]."<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript By N Debendra|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra|access-date=2025-07-02|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":namami.gov.in">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscripts (by K. Sushila)|url=https://www.namami.gov.in/sites/default/files/final%20newsletter_7.pdf|website=namami.gov.in|page=15–17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=573OEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA765&dq=maibarol&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5pZqc3p6OAxXtcWwGHa5FDUYQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=maibarol&f=false|title=Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture [2 volumes]|last=Walter|first=Mariko Namba|last2=Fridman|first2=Eva Jane Neumann|date=2004-12-15|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-1-57607-646-0|pages=765|language=en}}</ref> == Historical background == The organized institution for therapeutic practice in [[Manipur]] was called Ametpa Loishang ({{Script|Mtei|ꯑꯃꯦꯠꯄ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯪ}}), tracing back its origin from the time of King [[Nongda Lairen Pakhangba]] ({{Script|Mtei|ꯅꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯟ ꯄꯥꯈꯪꯕ}}), in 33 CE.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4h4rBwAAQBAJ&dq=nongda+lairen+pakhangba&pg=PA116|title=Academic Days of Timişoara: Social Sciences Today|last=Palicica|first=Maria|last2=Raţă|first2=Georgeta|date=2011-09-22|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=978-1-4438-3401-8|pages=116|language=en}}</ref> According to royal chronicles, the Ametpa Loishang was officially, formally and systematically established around 1570 C.E. during the monarchical rule of Manipur. It functioned as the administrative and medical authority responsible for health and healing practices within the kingdom.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript">{{Cite web|last=Khumukcham|first=Rinku|date=2019-01-22|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript|url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=News from Manipur - Imphal Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Over time, the methods of healing used by Ametpa Loishang evolved: * Initially, diseases were treated using hymns, charms, and spells, similar to exorcism practices.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Later, the practitioners used herbal medicines and natural remedies.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Eventually, they began performing basic surgical procedures to address more serious health conditions.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Historical cases and records == === Use of surgical therapy === One significant record from the royal chronicle dates to June 19, 1870 C.E. (Saka 1792). It describes the case of a woman who died due to an abortion performed by a female abortionist. After her death, officials from the Ametpa Loishang investigated the matter to determine the cause and responsibility. They were unable to find conclusive results until a surgical procedure confirmed that the woman had indeed been pregnant. This case highlights that surgical techniques were practiced and documented in Manipur during the 19th century.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == International recognition == {{See|Ahom–Meitei relations|Burmese–Meitei relations|Meitei–Shan relations}} The expertise of Meitei therapeutic practitioners was recognized beyond the region. One recorded incident from May 1848 C.E. (Saka 1770) states that the Ahom king (from present-day Assam) was suffering from a serious illness that doctors from various regions failed to cure. Upon hearing of the skilled healers in Manipur, he requested help. A practitioner named Langoijamba Hema Singh was sent to the Ahom court, where he successfully treated the king over a period of six months.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> Even earlier, Sao-Ngan-Pha, a Pong king (contemporary to King Ningthoukhomba of Manipur, 1432–1467 A.D.), also visited Manipur for treatment. After being healed, he offered gifts of gold and silver to the Meitei king in gratitude.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Methods and techniques == The Maibarol system included a wide range of diagnostic and treatment methods, such as: * Pulse diagnosis: Feeling and interpreting different types of pulse rhythms.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Case analysis: Taking detailed histories of symptoms before treatment.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Spiritual rituals: Including chanting and offerings for healing.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Medicinal prescriptions: Using herbs and natural ingredients.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Surgery: In rare but documented cases, basic surgical techniques were performed.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Follow-up care: Practitioners monitored patients' progress through regular visits.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Legacy == Maibarol represents a rich and holistic system of traditional medicine in Manipur. The knowledge and practices of the Ametpa Loishang contributed to both community health and the cultural heritage of the [[Meitei people]]. Though modern medicine has replaced many traditional methods, the Maiba-Maibi system remains a respected part of Meitei identity and history.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Related pages == * [[Yumsharol]] * [[Meitei astronomy]] == References == {{Notelist}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Meitei culture]] [[Category:History of Manipur]] [[Category:Medicine]] [[Category:Therapy]] ocs0nfwc6pfuq1inzg1fcro46dbz79u 10369328 10369282 2025-07-03T09:45:51Z Haoreima 1043157 /* Related pages */ 10369328 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains special characters|Meitei}} [[File:Pestle and Mortar with peppercorns.jpg|thumb|Pestle and mortar, during the preparation of a medicine]] '''Maibarol''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯜ}}), also known as '''Maibaron''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯏꯕꯔꯣꯟ}}),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vj7UEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA257&dq=maibaron&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjS1b3LpaCOAxXPd2wGHTytJ8YQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Bioprospecting of Tropical Medicinal Plants|last=Arunachalam|first=Karuppusamy|last2=Yang|first2=Xuefei|last3=Sasidharan|first3=Sreeja Puthanpura|date=2023-08-30|publisher=Springer Nature|isbn=978-3-031-28780-0|pages=257|language=en}}</ref> is a traditional [[Meitei language]] term that refers to the art and science of therapeutic practice. It includes a variety of healing methods such as spiritual rituals, [[herbal medicine]], pulse diagnosis, and even crude surgical techniques of [[Meitei civilization]]. Practitioners of this ancient medical system were known as [[Maiba]] (male) and [[Maibi]] (female),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pkc1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA35&dq=maibaron&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjS1b3LpaCOAxXPd2wGHTytJ8YQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Natural Products and Drug Discovery: An Integrated Approach|last=Mandal|first=Subhash C.|last2=Mandal|first2=Vivekananda|last3=Konishi|first3=Tetsuya|date=2018-02-16|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-102104-0|pages=35|language=en}}</ref> but in earlier times they were also called Ametpa, which literally means "[[:en:wikt:masseur|masseur]]" but colloquially means "[[:en:wikt:therapist|therapist]]."<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript By N Debendra|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra|access-date=2025-07-02|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":namami.gov.in">{{Cite web|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscripts (by K. Sushila)|url=https://www.namami.gov.in/sites/default/files/final%20newsletter_7.pdf|website=namami.gov.in|page=15–17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=573OEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA765&dq=maibarol&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5pZqc3p6OAxXtcWwGHa5FDUYQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=maibarol&f=false|title=Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture [2 volumes]|last=Walter|first=Mariko Namba|last2=Fridman|first2=Eva Jane Neumann|date=2004-12-15|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-1-57607-646-0|pages=765|language=en}}</ref> == Historical background == The organized institution for therapeutic practice in [[Manipur]] was called Ametpa Loishang ({{Script|Mtei|ꯑꯃꯦꯠꯄ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯪ}}), tracing back its origin from the time of King [[Nongda Lairen Pakhangba]] ({{Script|Mtei|ꯅꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯟ ꯄꯥꯈꯪꯕ}}), in 33 CE.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4h4rBwAAQBAJ&dq=nongda+lairen+pakhangba&pg=PA116|title=Academic Days of Timişoara: Social Sciences Today|last=Palicica|first=Maria|last2=Raţă|first2=Georgeta|date=2011-09-22|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=978-1-4438-3401-8|pages=116|language=en}}</ref> According to royal chronicles, the Ametpa Loishang was officially, formally and systematically established around 1570 C.E. during the monarchical rule of Manipur. It functioned as the administrative and medical authority responsible for health and healing practices within the kingdom.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript">{{Cite web|last=Khumukcham|first=Rinku|date=2019-01-22|title=Scientific Knowledge as Reflected in the Manipuri Manuscript|url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript/|access-date=2025-07-02|website=News from Manipur - Imphal Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Over time, the methods of healing used by Ametpa Loishang evolved: * Initially, diseases were treated using hymns, charms, and spells, similar to exorcism practices.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Later, the practitioners used herbal medicines and natural remedies.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Eventually, they began performing basic surgical procedures to address more serious health conditions.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Historical cases and records == === Use of surgical therapy === One significant record from the royal chronicle dates to June 19, 1870 C.E. (Saka 1792). It describes the case of a woman who died due to an abortion performed by a female abortionist. After her death, officials from the Ametpa Loishang investigated the matter to determine the cause and responsibility. They were unable to find conclusive results until a surgical procedure confirmed that the woman had indeed been pregnant. This case highlights that surgical techniques were practiced and documented in Manipur during the 19th century.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == International recognition == {{See|Ahom–Meitei relations|Burmese–Meitei relations|Meitei–Shan relations}} The expertise of Meitei therapeutic practitioners was recognized beyond the region. One recorded incident from May 1848 C.E. (Saka 1770) states that the Ahom king (from present-day Assam) was suffering from a serious illness that doctors from various regions failed to cure. Upon hearing of the skilled healers in Manipur, he requested help. A practitioner named Langoijamba Hema Singh was sent to the Ahom court, where he successfully treated the king over a period of six months.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> Even earlier, Sao-Ngan-Pha, a Pong king (contemporary to King Ningthoukhomba of Manipur, 1432–1467 A.D.), also visited Manipur for treatment. After being healed, he offered gifts of gold and silver to the Meitei king in gratitude.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Methods and techniques == The Maibarol system included a wide range of diagnostic and treatment methods, such as: * Pulse diagnosis: Feeling and interpreting different types of pulse rhythms.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Case analysis: Taking detailed histories of symptoms before treatment.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Spiritual rituals: Including chanting and offerings for healing.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Medicinal prescriptions: Using herbs and natural ingredients.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Surgery: In rare but documented cases, basic surgical techniques were performed.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> * Follow-up care: Practitioners monitored patients' progress through regular visits.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Legacy == Maibarol represents a rich and holistic system of traditional medicine in Manipur. The knowledge and practices of the Ametpa Loishang contributed to both community health and the cultural heritage of the [[Meitei people]]. Though modern medicine has replaced many traditional methods, the Maiba-Maibi system remains a respected part of Meitei identity and history.<ref name=":Science_and_Technology.Scientific_Knowledge_as_Reflected_in_the_Manipuri_Manuscript_By_N_Debendra" /><ref name=":namami.gov.in" /><ref name=":imphaltimes.com/articles/scientific-knowledge-as-reflected-in-the-manipuri-manuscript" /> == Related pages == * [[Ancient Meitei hymns]] * [[Meitei ritual songs]] * [[Yumsharol]] * [[Meitei astronomy]] == References == {{Notelist}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Meitei culture]] [[Category:History of Manipur]] [[Category:Medicine]] [[Category:Therapy]] kcrlhn4blgnr8mr6jf49vs6qiupfbld 0 1200416 10367661 10367482 2025-07-02T13:17:02Z Haoreima 1043157 Haoreima moved page [[User:Haoreima/Ngamu Usin]] to [[Ngamu Usin]] 10367482 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains special characters|Meitei}} '''Ngamu Usin''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯉꯥꯃꯨ ꯎꯁꯤꯟ}}), also spelled as '''Ngamu Ushin''', is a traditional ritual of the [[Meitei people]] of [[ancient Kangleipak]] (in modern-day [[Manipur]], [[northeast India]]). The name combines ngamu (a small black fish) and usin (“to bear” or “to carry”). In this ritual, the fish symbolically absorbs misfortune, illness, or sin and is then released into water. The practice is widespread among Meiteis wherever they live.<ref name=":History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin">{{Cite web|title=The tradition of Ngamu Usin of the Meetei Race of Kangleipak|url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin_of_the_Meetei_Race_of_Kangleipak|access-date=2025-07-02|website=www.e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":features.ngamu">{{Cite web|title=ngamu|url=https://e-pao.net/epPageExtractor.asp?src=features.ngamu.html..|access-date=2025-07-02|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul">"Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul (by Ngathem Pungfa Singh and S. Jibonkumar Singh)". ResearchGate. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 23, Issue 12, Ver. 4 (December. 2018) 48-55. 2018. p. 48–55.</ref><ref name=":Indic Perspective">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=MKhjEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA39&dq=ngamu+ushin&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjD-NWXgZ6OAxV2V2wGHQT4PPYQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=ngamu%20ushin&f=false|title=Manipur Myanmar Connections: An Indic Perspective|last=Hanjabam|first=Shukhdeba Sharma|last2=Singh|first2=Aheibam Koireng|last3=Sharma|first3=Kakchingtabam Ruhinikumar|date=2021-01-01|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-93-88937-84-9|location=India|pages=39|language=en}}</ref> == Ritual uses == * New Year ([[Cheiraoba]]): On the first day of the Meitei lunar new year, each family offers a ngamu, carrying away misfortunes of the year ahead.<ref name=":History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin" /><ref name=":features.ngamu" /><ref name=":Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul" /><ref name=":Indic Perspective" /> * [[Meitei marriage]] ceremonies: At weddings, a ngamu is offered separately for the bride and groom, absorbing future misfortunes or misdeeds, followed by a prayer for their joint well-being.<ref name=":History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin" /><ref name=":features.ngamu" /><ref name=":Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul" /><ref name=":Indic Perspective" /> * Health and Crisis: A ngamu usin is performed when someone is seriously ill or troubled. A [[maiba]] (traditional healer) administers the ritual, addressing the fish with words that compel it to carry away the person’s afflictions before releasing it into water.<ref name=":History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin" /><ref name=":features.ngamu" /><ref name=":Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul" /><ref name=":Indic Perspective" /> == Royal and state rituals == * Cheithapa ceremony: In [[ancient Kangleipak]], a human “[[:en:wikt:scapegoat|scapegoat]]” called cheithapa performed a similar role at the royal court. At the New Year festival, the outgoing cheithapa passed accumulated evils and misfortunes to the new one, who in turn swore to bear them until the next year. The ceremony included prayers to the king and was conducted in grand form with gifts exchanged.<ref name=":History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin" /><ref name=":features.ngamu" /><ref name=":Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul" /> == Origins and mythology == Creation myth: According to [[Meitei mythology|Meetei creation lore]] (Wang-u-lon): * The universe was created in order: fire, water, air, earth (Malem), and then space (Nongthou Ating‑aa).<ref name=":History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin" /><ref name=":features.ngamu" /><ref name=":Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul" /> * Space (Salailel Sitapa) and Earth (Ima Leimalel Sitapi) gave birth to their son, [[Sanamahi]] Lainingthou.<ref name=":History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin" /><ref name=":features.ngamu" /><ref name=":Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul" /> * [[Sanamahi]] attempted to create humankind, first making a fish (Namu Mitam Nga), then a monkey (Yong), but both were rejected.<ref name=":History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin" /><ref name=":features.ngamu" /><ref name=":Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul" /> * Finally, guided by his father, he created humans in the divine image.<ref name=":History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin" /><ref name=":features.ngamu" /><ref name=":Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul" /> ;Divine Instruction: The story says that before sending away the fish, the divine pair told it that when Meetei descendants catch it, it must agree to carry their sins and misfortunes and then be released back to water. This foundation myth is the origin of the ngamu usin ritual, representing a “scapegoat” principle minus physical harm.<ref name=":History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin" /><ref name=":features.ngamu" /><ref name=":Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul" /> == Comparison with scapegoat traditions worldwide == Global [[analogue]]s: Many cultures practice symbolic [[:en:wikt:scapegoat|scapegoat]]ing—transferring community sins or misfortunes onto an animal or person.<ref name=":History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin" /><ref name=":features.ngamu" /><ref name=":Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul" /> Examples are: * In ancient [[Israel]], a goat bore the sins of the people on [[Yom Kippur]] and was sent into the wilderness.<ref name=":History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin" /><ref name=":features.ngamu" /><ref name=":Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul" /> * In [[ancient Greece]] and [[Rome]], humans or animals were driven out to avert disasters.<ref name=":History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin" /><ref name=":features.ngamu" /><ref name=":Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul" /> Unlike many traditions, Meetei Ngamu Usin involves no violence; the fish is honored with a gift before being released.<ref name=":History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin" /><ref name=":features.ngamu" /><ref name=":Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul" /> == Cultural significance == * Symbolism: Ngamu Usin reflects deep metaphysical beliefs about sin, illness, and renewal. It also demonstrates an early understanding of the symbolic transfer of guilt—echoing evolutionary ideas in its creation narrative.<ref name=":History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin" /><ref name=":features.ngamu" /><ref name=":Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul" /> * Cultural heritage: The ritual underscores the ancient sophistication of [[Meitei society]]. It has persisted through centuries—notably surviving Hindu influences starting in the 18th century—and remains a living part of [[Meetei culture]] today.<ref name=":History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin" /><ref name=":features.ngamu" /><ref name=":Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul" /> == Related pages == * [[Fish in Meitei culture]] * [[Lai Haraoba]] * [[Nongkhong Koiba]] * [[Chang Thokpa]] == References == {{Notelist}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} plwhdlmgqlsakprvg31c26opbj2fqhf 10369344 10367661 2025-07-03T10:13:30Z Haoreima 1043157 10369344 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains special characters|Meitei}} [[File:Illustration of Ngamu Usin or Ngamu Ushin (ꯉꯥꯃꯨ ꯎꯁꯤꯟ) - a traditional Meitei ritual of Sanamahism (indigenous Meitei religion) from ancient Kangleipak civilisation (early Manipur).jpg|thumb|Illustration of Ngamu Usin, a traditional Meitei ritual of [[Sanamahism]] ([[indigenous Meitei religion]])]] '''Ngamu Usin''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯉꯥꯃꯨ ꯎꯁꯤꯟ}}), also spelled as '''Ngamu Ushin''', is a traditional ritual of the [[Meitei people]] of [[ancient Kangleipak]] (in modern-day [[Manipur]], [[northeast India]]). The name combines ngamu (a small black fish) and usin (“to bear” or “to carry”). In this ritual, the fish symbolically absorbs misfortune, illness, or sin and is then released into water. The practice is widespread among Meiteis wherever they live.<ref name=":History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin">{{Cite web|title=The tradition of Ngamu Usin of the Meetei Race of Kangleipak|url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin_of_the_Meetei_Race_of_Kangleipak|access-date=2025-07-02|website=www.e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":features.ngamu">{{Cite web|title=ngamu|url=https://e-pao.net/epPageExtractor.asp?src=features.ngamu.html..|access-date=2025-07-02|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul">"Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul (by Ngathem Pungfa Singh and S. Jibonkumar Singh)". ResearchGate. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 23, Issue 12, Ver. 4 (December. 2018) 48-55. 2018. p. 48–55.</ref><ref name=":Indic Perspective">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=MKhjEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA39&dq=ngamu+ushin&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjD-NWXgZ6OAxV2V2wGHQT4PPYQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=ngamu%20ushin&f=false|title=Manipur Myanmar Connections: An Indic Perspective|last=Hanjabam|first=Shukhdeba Sharma|last2=Singh|first2=Aheibam Koireng|last3=Sharma|first3=Kakchingtabam Ruhinikumar|date=2021-01-01|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-93-88937-84-9|location=India|pages=39|language=en}}</ref> == Ritual uses == * New Year ([[Cheiraoba]]): On the first day of the Meitei lunar new year, each family offers a ngamu, carrying away misfortunes of the year ahead.<ref name=":History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin" /><ref name=":features.ngamu" /><ref name=":Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul" /><ref name=":Indic Perspective" /> * [[Meitei marriage]] ceremonies: At weddings, a ngamu is offered separately for the bride and groom, absorbing future misfortunes or misdeeds, followed by a prayer for their joint well-being.<ref name=":History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin" /><ref name=":features.ngamu" /><ref name=":Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul" /><ref name=":Indic Perspective" /> * Health and Crisis: A ngamu usin is performed when someone is seriously ill or troubled. A [[maiba]] (traditional healer) administers the ritual, addressing the fish with words that compel it to carry away the person’s afflictions before releasing it into water.<ref name=":History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin" /><ref name=":features.ngamu" /><ref name=":Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul" /><ref name=":Indic Perspective" /> == Royal and state rituals == * Cheithapa ceremony: In [[ancient Kangleipak]], a human “[[:en:wikt:scapegoat|scapegoat]]” called cheithapa performed a similar role at the royal court. At the New Year festival, the outgoing cheithapa passed accumulated evils and misfortunes to the new one, who in turn swore to bear them until the next year. The ceremony included prayers to the king and was conducted in grand form with gifts exchanged.<ref name=":History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin" /><ref name=":features.ngamu" /><ref name=":Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul" /> == Origins and mythology == Creation myth: According to [[Meitei mythology|Meetei creation lore]] (Wang-u-lon): * The universe was created in order: fire, water, air, earth (Malem), and then space (Nongthou Ating‑aa).<ref name=":History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin" /><ref name=":features.ngamu" /><ref name=":Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul" /> * Space (Salailel Sitapa) and Earth (Ima Leimalel Sitapi) gave birth to their son, [[Sanamahi]] Lainingthou.<ref name=":History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin" /><ref name=":features.ngamu" /><ref name=":Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul" /> * [[Sanamahi]] attempted to create humankind, first making a fish (Namu Mitam Nga), then a monkey (Yong), but both were rejected.<ref name=":History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin" /><ref name=":features.ngamu" /><ref name=":Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul" /> * Finally, guided by his father, he created humans in the divine image.<ref name=":History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin" /><ref name=":features.ngamu" /><ref name=":Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul" /> ;Divine Instruction: The story says that before sending away the fish, the divine pair told it that when Meetei descendants catch it, it must agree to carry their sins and misfortunes and then be released back to water. This foundation myth is the origin of the ngamu usin ritual, representing a “scapegoat” principle minus physical harm.<ref name=":History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin" /><ref name=":features.ngamu" /><ref name=":Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul" /> == Comparison with scapegoat traditions worldwide == Global [[analogue]]s: Many cultures practice symbolic [[:en:wikt:scapegoat|scapegoat]]ing—transferring community sins or misfortunes onto an animal or person.<ref name=":History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin" /><ref name=":features.ngamu" /><ref name=":Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul" /> Examples are: * In ancient [[Israel]], a goat bore the sins of the people on [[Yom Kippur]] and was sent into the wilderness.<ref name=":History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin" /><ref name=":features.ngamu" /><ref name=":Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul" /> * In [[ancient Greece]] and [[Rome]], humans or animals were driven out to avert disasters.<ref name=":History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin" /><ref name=":features.ngamu" /><ref name=":Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul" /> Unlike many traditions, Meetei Ngamu Usin involves no violence; the fish is honored with a gift before being released.<ref name=":History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin" /><ref name=":features.ngamu" /><ref name=":Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul" /> == Cultural significance == * Symbolism: Ngamu Usin reflects deep metaphysical beliefs about sin, illness, and renewal. It also demonstrates an early understanding of the symbolic transfer of guilt—echoing evolutionary ideas in its creation narrative.<ref name=":History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin" /><ref name=":features.ngamu" /><ref name=":Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul" /> * Cultural heritage: The ritual underscores the ancient sophistication of [[Meitei society]]. It has persisted through centuries—notably surviving Hindu influences starting in the 18th century—and remains a living part of [[Meetei culture]] today.<ref name=":History_of_Manipur.Discovery_of_Kangleipak.The_tradition_of_Ngamu_Usin" /><ref name=":features.ngamu" /><ref name=":Ushin sinba: the case of Khurkhul" /> == Related pages == * [[Fish in Meitei culture]] * [[Lai Haraoba]] * [[Nongkhong Koiba]] * [[Chang Thokpa]] == References == {{Notelist}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 0my9h35vstoolxcp9brg8w1ax4xo8xd 0 1200512 10368776 10360218 2025-07-03T02:39:47Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368776 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television channel | name = Kiss TV | logo = | logo_size = | logo_alt = | image = | launch_date = {{Start date and age|2006|11|9|df=y}} | closed_date = <!-- {{End date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} --> | picture_format = [[576i]] ([[16:9]] [[Standard-definition television|SDTV]]) | network = | owner = [[Antenna Group]] | country = [[Romania]] | area = National; also distributed in<br>[[Moldova]] | headquarters = | former_names = | replaced = | sister_channels = | timeshift_service = | website = [http://www.kissfm.ro/kisstv/live/ www.kisstv.ro] | terr_serv_1 = | terr_chan_1 = | sat_radio_serv_1 = | sat_radio_chan_1 = | adsl serv 1 = | adsl chan 1 = | online_serv_1 = | online_chan_1 = }} '''Kiss TV''' is a music television station in [[Bucharest]]. It is owned by [[Antenna Group]] . ==History== At the beginning of 2014, Kiss TV was entirely taken over by the Greek media company [[Antenna Group]]. This was after the withdrawal of [[ProSiebenSat.1 Media]], the old owner of Kiss TV from 2006 till 2013. ==Fresh Top 40== '''Fresh Top 40''' is the music chart presented by Kiss TV. The chart is weekly and is voted by viewers, on Kiss TV's site. Kiss TV begun producing the chart in late 2006. So far, the songs which spent the most weeks at number one are: "[[Disturbia (song)|Disturbia]]", by [[Rihanna]]; "[[In and Out of Love (Armin van Buuren song)|In and Out of Love]]", by [[Armin van Buuren]]; "[[Poker Face (Lady Gaga song)|Poker Face]]", by [[Lady Gaga]]; and "[[Amazing (Inna song)|Amazing]]", by [[Inna]]. The current number-one single is "Locul Potrivit" by Guess Who.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.kisstv.ro/fresh-top-40.html|title=Fresh Top 40|publisher=Kiss TV}}</ref> The show was closed in 2009, but started again in 2014. Now is hosted by Andreea Berghea, (Voice over). ==Distribution== Satellite broadcasting via [[Intelsat 12]] ([[45th meridian east|45°E]]) stopped in June 2017 and was switched together with [[Prima TV]] to [[Intelsat 33e]] ([[60th meridian east|60°E]]). ==References== {{Reflist|2}} ==Other websites== * [http://www.kisstv.ro Official website] [[Category:Television channels in Romania]] 479hhd3mjc4lqxftutqzl77f6jkkc3q 0 1200541 10368857 10362178 2025-07-03T03:25:54Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368857 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | type = combo | image = PinkCocaineDEA02.png | width = 290px | caption = Tusi, also known as "pink cocaine," dyed with [[food coloring]] | component1 = Ketamine | class1 = [[Dissociative]] | component2 = MDMA | class2 = [[Hallucinogen]] | component3 = Methamphetamine | class3 = [[Stimulant]] | component4 = Cocaine | class4 = [[Stimulant]] | component5 = Eutylone | class5 = [[Stimulant]] | component6 = Oxycodone | class6 = [[Opioid]] | legal_status = In general: illegal | routes_of_administration = [[By mouth]] (oral), [[inhalation]], [[Insufflation (medicine)|insufflation]] | bioavailability = depends on combination | metabolism = depends on combination | metabolites = depends on combination | onset = {{ubil |• [[Oral administration|Oral]]: <30 minutes |• [[Intranasal]]: <1 minute }} | elimination_half-life = range 5–30 hours; irrespective of route | excretion = Primarily [[kidney]] | ATC_prefix = None | synonyms = pink cocaine, <BR/>tuci, tucci, tussi, tucibi }} '''Pink cocaine''', also called Tusi is a new drug that is a mix of many drugs.<ref name=":1">{{cite journal|vauthors=Palamar JJ|date=September 2023|title=Tusi: a new ketamine concoction complicating the drug landscape|journal=The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse|volume=49|issue=5|pages=546–550|doi=10.1080/00952990.2023.2207716|pmc=10636235|pmid=37162319}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|year=2022|title='Tuci', 'happy water', 'k-powdered milk' – is the illicit market for ketamine expanding?|url=https://www.unodc.org/documents/scientific/Global_SMART_Update_2022_Vol.27.pdf|journal=UN Global Smart Update|publisher=United Nations Office on Drug and Crime|publication-date=2022-12-09|volume=27|pages=12|access-date=2024-03-10}} {{Free access}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|year=2022|orig-date=August 28|title=ALERT: Powder sold as pink tusi found on-site at Lost Village 2022|url=https://wearetheloop.org/drug-alerts-full/powder-sold-as-pink-tusi-found-on-site-at-lost-village-2022|access-date=2024-03-10|website=The Loop|language=en-GB}}</ref> It contains many different drugs and not always the same drugs. It usually contains [[Ketamine]] and [[MDMA]]. Sometimes it contains other drugs like [[cocaine]], [[methamphetamine]], [[oxycodone]], [[caffeine]], [[cathinones]] and others.<ref name=":0" /> It is dangerous because you cannot know what is in the drug.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> This makes [[overdose]] very common, especially if [[Fentanyl]] is mixed with it.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Barbaro|first=Lisa|last2=Bouchard|first2=Jacob L.|date=2024-12-12|title=What Is Pink Cocaine? The Dark Reality behind a Colorful Name|url=https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c02821|journal=Journal of Medicinal Chemistry|volume=67|issue=23|pages=20733–20736|doi=10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c02821|issn=0022-2623}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=reporter|first=Jennifer Bisram Jennifer Bisram is an award-winning|last2=aging|first2=anchor who joined CBS News New York in 2022 She covers|last3=caregiving|last4=Crime|first4=As Well as|last5=Bisram|first5=community stories Read Full Bio Jennifer|date=2024-10-16|title=Feds warn about pink cocaine, also known as Tusi, in NYC. Here's what to know. - CBS New York|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/pink-cocaine-tusi-fentanyl/|access-date=2025-06-28|website=www.cbsnews.com|language=en-US}}</ref> A user cannot know how they will react to it each time they take it.<ref>https://www.dea.gov/pink-cocaine</ref> It is not naturally pink. Dealers add pink [[food coloring]] to it to make it look unique.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=2024-02-21|title=What is pink cocaine or 'tusi'? A highly dangerous cocktail for your health|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com.es/ciencia/que-es-cocaina-rosa-tusi-coctel-altamente-peligroso-para-salud_21652|access-date=2024-11-30|website=National Geographic Spain|language=es}}</ref><ref>https://www.latimes.com/espanol/eeuu/articulo/2024-10-27/que-es-la-droga-recreativa-conocida-como-cocaina-rosa-o-tusi%7C</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Iporre|first=Nicole|date=2024-10-24|title=What is pink cocaine or "tusi", the drug linked to the cases of Diddy and Liam Payne|url=https://www.latercera.com/tendencias/noticia/que-es-la-cocaina-rosa-o-tusi-la-droga-vinculada-a-los-casos-de-diddy-y-liam-payne/BVHV5F6YRJGTHDXRQBZZPX5PSA/|website=La Tercera|accessdate=2024-11-30}}</ref> [[Liam Payne]] died after using it.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-10-23|title=What is 'pink cocaine'? Explaining the drug cocktail linked to Liam Payne's death|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/pink-cocaine-liam-payne-death-what-know-rcna176556|access-date=2025-06-28|website=NBC News|language=en}}</ref> It is called Tusi because it sometimes has a drug called [[2C-B]] in it.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> But most samples of pink cocaine have no 2C-B in them.<ref name=":0" /> [[File:2CBPowder.jpg|thumbnail|2C-B powder]] [[File:"Strawberry Meth" Pink Color.jpg|thumb]] == What is in pink cocaine == Here is data on what was in pink cocaine between 2019 and 2022:<ref name=":1" /> 94% Ketamine does not mean the drug is 94% Ketamine, it means that 94% of tested samples had Ketamine in them. {| class="wikitable" |+Drugs detected within the tusi samples (2019–2022) ! Substance !! Drug class !! Percentage of samples |- | [[Ketamine]] || [[Dissociative anaesthetic]] || 94.7% |- | [[Ketamine]] precursor || Dissociative anaesthetic (precursor) || 84.2% |- | [[MDMA]] || [[Empathogen]]/[[Entactogen]], [[Stimulant]] || 63.2% |- | [[Caffeine]] || [[Stimulant]] || 52.6% |- | [[Methamphetamine]] || [[Stimulant]] || 15.8% |- | [[Cocaine]] || [[Stimulant]] || 10.5% |- | [[MDA (drug)|MDA]] || [[Empathogen]]/[[Entactogen]], [[Stimulant]] || 10.5% |- | [[Oxycodone]] || [[Opioid]] || 10.5% |- | [[Eutylone]] (bk-[[1,3-Benzodioxolyl-N-ethylbutanamine|EBDB]]) || [[Empathogen]]/[[Entactogen]], [[Substituted cathinone|Cathinone]] || 10.5% |- | [[Levamisole]] || [[Antihelminthic]] (often used as an adulterant) || 10.5% |- | [[N,N-Dimethyltryptamine|DMT]] || [[Psychedelic]] || 5.3% |- | [[Lidocaine]] || [[Local anaesthetic]] (often used as an adulterant) || 5.3% |- | [[Tramadol]] || [[Opioid]], [[analgesic]] || 5.3% |} == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * {{cite web | url=https://www.dea.gov/pink-cocaine | publisher = Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) | title = Pink Cocaine}} [[Category:Psychoactive drugs]] [[Category:Illegal drugs]] 5nboxyqml02c1kba48g84qm57yn72dt 4 1200665 10367751 10364587 2025-07-02T14:36:22Z Theloveweadore 1634056 /* Discussion */ Reply 10367751 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Emille Bartolome Joson === :{{lc|Emille Bartolome Joson}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Emille Bartolome Joson|action=edit}} close request]</span> BRPever ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Couldn't find significant coverage on multiple reliable sources to meet GNG. Doesn't seem to meet any other notability critera. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 12:07, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *'''Delete''' - that is what i am leaning toward. Not notable. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:79D2:549D:CDB9:D589|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:79D2:549D:CDB9:D589]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:79D2:549D:CDB9:D589|talk]]) 13:42, 29 June 2025 (UTC) *'''Delete''' - Deleted on enwiki for lack of notability. I think the same is true here. I am not able to find any significant coverage.[[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 17:56, 29 June 2025 (UTC) *'''Keep'''- This article should not be deleted because the subject, Emille B. Joson, is a notable filmmaker with international recognition. She has been covered by independent and reliable sources in the Philippines such as Manila Bulletin, Asian Journal (Filipino-American News Publishing in New York), GMA News, ABS-CBN, and Daily Tribune. :Emille Joson’s short film Adivino has received media attention and was praised for its casting and social message. She is also known for her humanitarian work through the Alaga Producers Cooperative, which supports farmers and promotes social awareness through film. :The article meets the general notability guideline, as her work and career have been discussed in reliable, secondary sources that are independent of her. Please consider these sources before making a final decision.<!-- Template:Unsigned --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Theloveweadore|Theloveweadore]] ([[User talk:Theloveweadore#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Theloveweadore|contribs]]) 05:23, 30 June 2025 (UTC)</small> ::Could you provide the sources in question? [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 22:02, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :::Hello. In response to concerns regarding Emille Joson's notability, I would like to clarify that the subject meets Wikipedia's general notability guidelines as well as specific notability criteria for film and television professionals. :::According to [[Wikipedia:Notability (people)#Creative professionals]], an individual is considered notable if they have: :::• Received significant coverage in reliable, independent, third-party sources   :::• Been nominated for or received awards of note   :::• Had a substantial impact within their field :::Emille Joson fulfills the following: :::✔ She was nominated at the 37th Metro Manila Film Festival (MMFF) in 2011 under the Student Short Film Category for her short film *Adivino*, which is a nationally recognized and juried festival and now has franchise hold in USA called "Manila International Film Festival". :::✔ Her works and career have been covered by multiple independent, reliable sources, including **Asian Journal (Filipino-American Newspaper)**, **Manila Bulletin**, **ABS-CBN News**, and **Manila Standard** with some of the network covering interviews of her that are now on Youtube. :::✔ Her film *Adivino* has received attention internationally for addressing timely themes like women's rights and the #MeToo movement.   :::✔ She is also recognized as a co-founder of Alaga Producers Cooperative, with humanitarian initiatives cited in public media. :::Here are some reliable third-party sources that establish her notability with newspaper print digital audition, established news outlet around Asia and Philippines:   :::1. [https://asianjournal.com/entertainment/my-p-e-p-people-events-places/my-encounter-with-manny-and-cynthia-villar/ Asian Journal (Filipino-American News Online and Print Editions for Los Angels and New York) Online Edition] :::•[https://issuu.com/asianjournaldigitaledition/docs/121324_-_new_york_and_new_jersey_edition New York Print Edition] :::•[https://issuu.com/asianjournaldigitaledition/docs/120724_-_los_angeles_edition Los Angeles Print Edition] :::2. [https://mb.com.ph/2024/4/5/filmmaker-emille-joson-a-voice-for-generation-of-women Manila Bulletin- Filmmaker Emille Joson: A voice for generation of women (Online Edition)] :::•[https://reader.magzter.com/preview/oew7tum2q9fn6ecigyg0xg16642420/1664242?fbclid=IwQ0xDSwLP9zJleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHofips_1dmQThpkCwPCdqzCjSXp1IqkXg4j12gUTZw13t8usYdDP8GJJtPfZ_aem__Tiie6Y0oCRZVeUovQTcOQ Manila Bulletin's Newspaper Print Edition] :::3. [https://manilastandard.net/lifestyle/314531092/emille-joson-turns-style-into-social-storytelling.html Manila Standard- Emille Joson turns style into social storytelling (Online Edition)] :::•[https://issuu.com/thestandardph/docs/mspdf20241203 Manila Standard Newspaper Print Edition] :::4. [https://www.abs-cbn.com/lifestyle/2024/11/5/award-winning-filmmaker-emille-joson-expresses-heartfelt-gratitude-to-abs-cbn-1941 ABS CBN News- Award-winning filmmaker Emille Joson expresses heartfelt gratitude to ABS-CBN] :::'''Explanation of Source Reliability in the Philippines and Asian Community:''' :::'''•Asian Journal''' :::'''Asian Journal''' is a Filipino-American news organization established in the '''1990s''', with editorial offices in the U.S. (Los Angeles, San Diego, Las Vegas) and the Philippines. :::It publishes both '''digital and print versions''', making it a widely circulated source among the Filipino diaspora. The print edition is '''distributed weekly across major U.S. cities''' and has been running for decades. :::''Type of source:'' Reliable third-party source with both online and print distribution, editorial oversight, and independence. :::'''•ABS-CBN News''' :::'''ABS-CBN News''' is the news and current affairs division of '''ABS-CBN Corporation''', the largest and oldest broadcast network in the Philippines (est. '''1946'''). :::Though primarily a broadcast and digital outlet, its news articles are often republished and syndicated in '''major print publications''', and many of its investigative reports are archived for academic and legal use. :::''Type of source:'' Nationally recognized and highly reliable mainstream media outlet, operating under very strict editorial standards. :::'''•Manila Bulletin''' :::'''Manila Bulletin''', founded in '''1900''', is one of the '''oldest and most respected print newspapers''' in the Philippines. :::It is published '''daily as a national broadsheet''' and also maintains a digital presence. Known for its formal tone and wide coverage of politics, economy, and culture, it has historically served as a paper of record in the country. :::''Type of source:'' Highly reliable national print and online broadsheet with strong strict editorial control. :::'''•Manila Standard''' :::'''Manila Standard''', established in '''1987''', is a '''daily print newspaper''' based in Manila, with wide coverage of business, lifestyle, and arts. :::It also maintains a digital news platform. Despite being smaller in circulation than Bulletin, it remains a trusted source in the Philippine media landscape, especially for culture and entertainment stories. :::''Type of source:'' Reliable print and online daily newspaper with strict independent reporting. :::All sources cited in the article, including Asian Journal, ABS-CBN News, Manila Bulletin, and Manila Standard, are considered independent and reliable third-party sources under Wikipedia’s standards. They have editorial oversight, a clear history of publication, and do not rely on user-generated content. These publications have also been referenced in other Wikipedia articles. :::I am happy to provide more further references or clarifications if needed. Thank you for your time and consideration.   [[User:Theloveweadore|Theloveweadore]] ([[User talk:Theloveweadore|talk]]) 23:42, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :::Another source I forgot to mention is GMA News and Public Affairs, which featured Emille Joson in a segment highlighting the history of the Alaga Producers Cooperative. The story also referenced characters that were semi-inspired by the Netflix hit series Pulang Araw. Additionally, it was noted that her grandfather was a USA recognized guerilla Eduardo Joson during World War II. :::NEWS ABOUT EMILLE JOSON: :::•[https://www.gmanetwork.com/entertainment/showbiznews/filmmaker-emille-joson-praises-pulang-araw-remembers-guerilla-grandfather/117060/ GMA News and Public Affairs - Filmmaker Emille Joson praises 'Pulang Araw'; remembers guerilla grandfather] :::'''History and Reliability of GMA News''' :::GMA News and Public Affairs is the news division of GMA Network Inc., one of the largest, oldest, and most trusted television networks in the Philippines. It was officially launched as a separate news division in the 1970s, but GMA Network has been on air since 1950—making it one of the pioneers in Philippine broadcasting with immensely strict rules. :::Over the years, GMA News has built a strong reputation for: :::* Credible and independent journalism :::* Award-winning documentaries and investigative reports :::* Maintaining editorial separation between news and entertainment :::'''Platforms:''' :::* It operates on TV (GMA-7), radio (DZBB), and online (GMA News Online), making its news coverage highly visible and far-reaching. :::* Its flagship newscasts like 24 Oras, State of the Nation, and Kapuso Mo, Jessica Soho consistently top ratings and win awards. :::'''Recognition:''' :::* GMA News has received numerous local and international awards, including from: :::** New York Festivals :::** Peabody Awards :::** Catholic Mass Media Awards (CMMA) :::'''On Wikipedia:''' :::* GMA News is considered a reliable, third-party source because it meets criteria for: :::** Editorial oversight :::** Professional fact-checking :::** Independence from the subjects it covers :::** It is already cited in hundreds of existing Wikipedia articles, especially those related to Philippine media, politics, and public figures. :::In summary, Emille Joson has received coverage from multiple reliable, independent sources, including GMA News, ABS-CBN News, Asian Journal, Manila Bulletin, and Manila Standard. These publications maintain editorial oversight, operate print or national broadcast platforms, and have featured her both as a filmmaker and as a humanitarian. Given these references, I believe the subject meets Wikipedia’s notability guidelines for creative professionals. :::Thank you for your time, and I remain open to constructive suggestions and collaboration moving forward. [[User:Theloveweadore|Theloveweadore]] ([[User talk:Theloveweadore|talk]]) 23:56, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ::::'''Clarification on Source Use, Reliability, and Relevance to Wikipedia Policies''' ::::Hello! I’d like to respectfully clarify aslo the purpose and reliability of three supporting sources used in this article: ::::'''1. PinkNews''' ::::While ''PinkNews'' only briefly mentions Emille Joson, this inclusion occurred in the context of global reactions to Britney Spears’ memoir, signaling Joson’s visibility in international LGBTQ+ media spaces. This contributes to her broader cultural relevance as a fan, trans public figure and filmmaker. ::::• '''Type of source:''' International LGBTQ+ digital news outlet ::::• '''Reliability & notability justification:''' ::::''PinkNews'', founded in 2005 in the UK, is considered a reliable source under [Wikipedia:Reliable sources (WP:RS)] because it maintains editorial oversight, employs professional journalists, and is widely cited by academic and mainstream media. As a subject-specific outlet, it also meets standards under [WP:SOURCES] for coverage related to LGBTQ+ topics. ::::•PinkNews: '''[https://www.thepinknews.com/2023/10/24/britney-spears-unconditional-love-queer-community-the-woman-in-me/ ''Britney Spears discusses ‘unconditional love’ for LGBTQ+ community in new memoir The Woman In Me'']''' ::::'''2. People’s Journal Tonight (JournalNews.com)''' ::::This article was cited primarily to confirm Emille Joson’s birthdate and offer a short independent biographical overview. While the article is celebratory, it includes verifiable information published by a long-running Philippine newspaper with strict rules. ::::• '''Type of source:''' National daily US Weekly-Filipino format newspaper in the Philippines with print and online presence ::::• '''Reliability & notability justification:''' ::::''People’s Journal Tonight'', in circulation since 1978 under Philippine Journalists Inc., qualifies as a reliable print source under [WP:NEWSORG]. Despite its tabloid format, it provides factual reporting on public figures, especially in the fields of politics and entertainment in the Philippines. Its digital portal, ''JournalNews.com'', mirrors its printed content, making it suitable for citation when used to confirm biographical facts. ::::•People's Journal Tonight: '''[https://journalnews.com.ph/direk-emille-joson-indie-queen-to-global-screen/#gsc.tab=0 ''Direk Emille Joson: Indie queen to global screen'']''' ::::'''Cultural Note on Terminology''': ::::In the Philippines, the term '''“Direk”''' mentioned in the news is a Tagalized colloquial form of “director.” It is widely used in local media to refer to film or television directors with respect and familiarity - similar to how “Doc” is used for doctors. This cultural shorthand is widely recognized in Philippine entertainment journalism. ::::'''3. Daily Tribune''' ::::This article offers independent coverage of Emille Joson’s acclaimed short film ''Adivino'', highlighting her creative choices and casting decisions. It contributes to establishing her artistic identity and presence in national media. ::::• '''Type of source:''' National broadsheet newspaper (print and digital) ::::• '''Reliability & notability justification:''' ::::The ''Daily Tribune'', established in 1999 by veteran Filipino journalists (known for their expertise in investigative reportings), is a major Philippine broadsheet with national circulation. It maintains a formal strict editorial process and covers current affairs, arts, and politics. As such, it is recognized as a general reliable source under [WP:RS] and its coverage of Joson meets [WP:GNG] standards through independent, non-trivial reporting. ::::•Daily Tribune: '''[https://tribune.net.ph/amp/story/2025/05/03/behind-the-spell-emille-josons-bold-casting-in-adivino ''Behind the Spell: Emille Joson's bold casting in 'Adivino'<nowiki/>'']''' ::::These three sources are used in support of more in-depth reporting from '''ABS-CBN''', '''GMA News''', and '''Manila Bulletin''', which further affirm Emille Joson’s notability under [WP:GNG] through reliable, independent, and secondary coverage. ::::Please let me know if any further clarification is needed. [[User:Theloveweadore|Theloveweadore]] ([[User talk:Theloveweadore|talk]]) 14:36, 2 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''12:07, 6 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> 9iepouh5ut0vnm09xh08j88702q7tyl 4 1200667 10367672 10361426 2025-07-02T13:24:47Z Wsx7wsx 1614274 10367672 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Andrei Popescu === :{{lc|Andrei Popescu}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrei Popescu|action=edit}} close request]</span> BRPever ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Fails GNG. Reads promotional. Likely single purpose account doing undisclosed paid editing. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 12:14, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *'''Delete''' - that is what i am leaning toward. Not notable (but the name is famous, in regard to a different person). [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:79D2:549D:CDB9:D589|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:79D2:549D:CDB9:D589]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:79D2:549D:CDB9:D589|talk]]) 14:19, 29 June 2025 (UTC) *'''Keep''' I believe the page is detailed for an academic. Based on Google Knowledge panel and Google Scholar's account the notability is more than enough. ([[User:Wsx7wsx|Wsx7wsx]] ([[User talk:Wsx7wsx|talk]]) 13:24, 2 July 2025 (UTC)) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''12:14, 6 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> 4cl22mx69z1pv0srxrpc0j604c7iu1z 10367710 10367672 2025-07-02T13:45:05Z Fr33kman 15149 /* Discussion */ d 10367710 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Andrei Popescu === :{{lc|Andrei Popescu}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrei Popescu|action=edit}} close request]</span> BRPever ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Fails GNG. Reads promotional. Likely single purpose account doing undisclosed paid editing. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 12:14, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *'''Delete''' - that is what i am leaning toward. Not notable (but the name is famous, in regard to a different person). [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:79D2:549D:CDB9:D589|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:79D2:549D:CDB9:D589]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:79D2:549D:CDB9:D589|talk]]) 14:19, 29 June 2025 (UTC) *'''Keep''' I believe the page is detailed for an academic. Based on Google Knowledge panel and Google Scholar's account the notability is more than enough. ([[User:Wsx7wsx|Wsx7wsx]] ([[User talk:Wsx7wsx|talk]]) 13:24, 2 July 2025 (UTC)) *{{vd}} fails [[en:WP:SCHOLAR]] criteria 1a. Only 438 citations over all published works, no major awards or fellowships, no significant new ideas or concepts '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 13:45, 2 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''12:14, 6 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> rd2kxtuzlggz993gd0cf2iqtkr4yfmm 10367711 10367710 2025-07-02T13:46:30Z Fr33kman 15149 /* Discussion */ 10367711 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Andrei Popescu === :{{lc|Andrei Popescu}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrei Popescu|action=edit}} close request]</span> BRPever ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Fails GNG. Reads promotional. Likely single purpose account doing undisclosed paid editing. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 12:14, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *'''Delete''' - that is what i am leaning toward. Not notable (but the name is famous, in regard to a different person). [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:79D2:549D:CDB9:D589|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:79D2:549D:CDB9:D589]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:79D2:549D:CDB9:D589|talk]]) 14:19, 29 June 2025 (UTC) *'''Keep''' I believe the page is detailed for an academic. Based on Google Knowledge panel and Google Scholar's account the notability is more than enough. ([[User:Wsx7wsx|Wsx7wsx]] ([[User talk:Wsx7wsx|talk]]) 13:24, 2 July 2025 (UTC)) *{{vd}} fails en:WP:Scholar criteria 1a. Only 438 citations over all published works, no major awards or fellowships, no significant new ideas or concepts '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 13:45, 2 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''12:14, 6 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> 8mawtwgrejpj3w5f2ao3gg2lr6g057u 10368657 10367711 2025-07-03T01:49:04Z Auntof6 22027 /* Discussion */ formatting 10368657 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Andrei Popescu === :{{lc|Andrei Popescu}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrei Popescu|action=edit}} close request]</span> BRPever ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Fails GNG. Reads promotional. Likely single purpose account doing undisclosed paid editing. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 12:14, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *'''Delete''' - that is what i am leaning toward. Not notable (but the name is famous, in regard to a different person). [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:79D2:549D:CDB9:D589|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:79D2:549D:CDB9:D589]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:79D2:549D:CDB9:D589|talk]]) 14:19, 29 June 2025 (UTC) *'''Keep''' I believe the page is detailed for an academic. Based on Google Knowledge panel and Google Scholar's account the notability is more than enough. ([[User:Wsx7wsx|Wsx7wsx]] ([[User talk:Wsx7wsx|talk]]) 13:24, 2 July 2025 (UTC)) *{{vd}} fails en:WP:Scholar criteria 1a. Only 438 citations over all published works, no major awards or fellowships, no significant new ideas or concepts '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 13:45, 2 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''12:14, 6 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> 1pp1n1y5sbltoqcplgu3c347wfrsuxw 10369012 10368657 2025-07-03T05:46:19Z Wsx7wsx 1614274 /* Discussion */ Reply 10369012 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Andrei Popescu === :{{lc|Andrei Popescu}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Andrei Popescu|action=edit}} close request]</span> BRPever ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Fails GNG. Reads promotional. Likely single purpose account doing undisclosed paid editing. [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 12:14, 29 June 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *'''Delete''' - that is what i am leaning toward. Not notable (but the name is famous, in regard to a different person). [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:79D2:549D:CDB9:D589|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:79D2:549D:CDB9:D589]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:79D2:549D:CDB9:D589|talk]]) 14:19, 29 June 2025 (UTC) *'''Keep''' I believe the page is detailed for an academic. Based on Google Knowledge panel and Google Scholar's account the notability is more than enough. ([[User:Wsx7wsx|Wsx7wsx]] ([[User talk:Wsx7wsx|talk]]) 13:24, 2 July 2025 (UTC)) *{{vd}} fails en:WP:Scholar criteria 1a. Only 438 citations over all published works, no major awards or fellowships, no significant new ideas or concepts '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 13:45, 2 July 2025 (UTC) *:WP:Scholar criteria 1a refers to the first notability criterion for academics on Wikipedia, specifically addressing the impact of their research. It requires that the person's work has made a significant impact in their scholarly discipline, broadly construed, as demonstrated by independent, reliable sources. This impact is often shown through high citation rates of their publications. *:So 438 is not a reasonable amount of citations? That's more than 400 other academic papers which take note and acknowledge the research. *:How do you classify new ideas or concepts in research? [[User:Wsx7wsx|Wsx7wsx]] ([[User talk:Wsx7wsx|talk]]) 05:46, 3 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''12:14, 6 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> jhxvnl09nf2itpvgzpzlp2moliny3mp 0 1200698 10368495 10361849 2025-07-02T23:39:52Z 104.8.248.187 added content 10368495 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} {{Use mdy dates|date=May 2025}} {{Infobox film | image = <!--Do NOT add the leaked poster, because it has NOT been officially released and is unclear whether it is legitimate.--> | caption = | director = [[Christopher Nolan]] | screenplay = Christopher Nolan | based_on = {{Based on|''[[Odyssey]]''|[[Homer]]}} | producer = {{Plainlist| * [[Emma Thomas]] * Christopher Nolan }} | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Matt Damon]] * [[Tom Holland]] * [[Anne Hathaway]] * [[Zendaya]] * [[Lupita Nyong'o]] * [[Robert Pattinson]] * [[Charlize Theron]] * [[Jon Bernthal]] }} | cinematography = [[Hoyte van Hoytema]] | editing = | music = [[Ludwig Göransson]] | studio = [[Syncopy Inc.]] | distributor = [[Universal Pictures]] | released = {{Film date|2026|7|17}} | runtime = | country = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States }} | language = English | budget = $250&nbsp;million | gross = }} '''''The Odyssey''''' is an upcoming epic action fantasy movie that is written, produced, and directed by [[Christopher Nolan]]. It is based on [[Odyssey|the epic poem of the same name]] by [[Homer]]. It will be distributed by [[Universal Pictures]]. The movie stars [[Matt Damon]] as [[Odysseus]], the [[Ancient Greek]] king of [[Homer's Ithaca|Ithaca]], and is about his journey home after the [[Trojan War]] to reunite with his wife, [[Penelope]]. The movie also stars [[Tom Holland]] as Telemachus, [[Anne Hathaway]] as Penolope, [[Zendaya]] as Athena, [[Lupita Nyong'o]] as Clymestra, [[Robert Pattinson]] as Hermes,[[Charlize Theron]] as Circe and [[Jon Bernthal|Jon Bernthal as Menanus]].<ref name="GreeceFilming">{{Cite news |last=<!--Newsroom--> |date=February 20, 2025 |title=Christopher Nolan heading to Peloponnese with A-list cast for ''The Odyssey'' |url=https://www.ekathimerini.com/culture/1262171/christopher-nolan-heading-to-peloponnese-with-a-list-cast-for-the-odyssey-trailer/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220112625/https://www.ekathimerini.com/culture/1262171/christopher-nolan-heading-to-peloponnese-with-a-list-cast-for-the-odyssey-trailer/ |archive-date=February 20, 2025 |access-date=March 4, 2025 |work=[[Kathimerini]]}}</ref> With a budget of $250&nbsp;million, it is set to be the most expensive movie of Nolan's career. It will be the first [[blockbuster]] to be shot entirely using [[IMAX#Film cameras|IMAX movie cameras]].<ref name="IMAXFilmCamerasTHR">{{Cite web |last=Roxborough |first=Scott |date=May 15, 2025 |title=Christopher Nolan's ''Odyssey'' Will Be the First Blockbuster Shot Entirely on Imax Film Cameras |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/nolan-odyssey-first-blockbuster-to-only-use-imax-cameras-1236217925/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250515165452/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/nolan-odyssey-first-blockbuster-to-only-use-imax-cameras-1236217925/ |archive-date=May 15, 2025 |access-date=May 15, 2025 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref><ref name="IMAXFilmCamerasCollider">{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Tamera |last2=Weintraub |first2=Steven |date=May 16, 2025 |title="Something Has Clearly Happened": IMAX Is Looking to Expand Technology, Locations, and Laser Upgrades In the Wake of Christopher Nolan & ''Sinners'' Success [Exclusive] |url=https://collider.com/imax-christopher-nolan-sinners-richard-gelfond-expansions-upgrades/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250518164706/https://collider.com/imax-christopher-nolan-sinners-richard-gelfond-expansions-upgrades/ |archive-date=May 18, 2025 |access-date=May 18, 2025 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]}}</ref> ''The Odyssey'' is set to be released in the United States on July 17, 2026.<ref name="ScotlandIrelandFilming">{{Cite magazine |last=Minton |first=Matt |date=April 14, 2025 |title=Everything We Know About Christopher Nolan's ''The Odyssey'' |url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/christopher-nolan-the-odyssey-cast-release-date-1236260285/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250416193521/https://variety.com/2025/film/news/christopher-nolan-the-odyssey-cast-release-date-1236260285/ |archive-date=April 16, 2025 |access-date=April 16, 2025 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{IMDb title}} {{Christopher Nolan}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Odyssey, The}} [[Category:2026 movies]] [[Category:Movies directed by Christopher Nolan]] [[Category:American epic movies]] [[Category:2020s American action movies]] [[Category:American fantasy movies]] [[Category:Movies composed by Ludwig Göransson]] [[Category:Universal Pictures movies]] {{movie-stub}} d34y9nkf90lpj6oyntt7zhq32rj2akt 0 1200727 10368903 10361681 2025-07-03T03:56:41Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox venue | name = Sulphur Dell | nickname = | image = [[File:Sulphur Dell in color.jpg|280px]] | caption = Sulphur Dell, with its famous right field slope | location = 900 Fifth Avenue North<br/>[[Nashville, Tennessee]]<br/>United States | coordinates = {{coord|36|10|22|N|86|47|08|W|display=inline,title}} | built = November 1884{{snd}}May 24, 1885 | opened = March 30, 1885 | renovated = | expanded = | closed = September 7, 1963<br/>(last Vols game) | demolished = April 16, 1969 | owner = | operator = | surface = Grass | former_names = Sulphur Spring Park (1885–1889)<br/>Athletic Park (1890–1907) | tenants = {{plainlist| *[[Nashville Americans]] ([[Southern League (1885–99)|SL]]) 1885–1886 *[[Nashville Blues]] ([[Southern League (1885–99)|SL]]) 1887 *[[Nashville Tigers]] ([[Southern League (1885–99)|SL]]) 1893–1894 *[[Nashville Seraphs]] ([[Southern League (1885–99)|SL]]) 1895 *[[Nashville Centennials]] ([[Central League (1897)|CL]]) 1897 *[[Nashville Vols]] ([[Southern Association|SA]]/[[South Atlantic League (1904–1963)|SAL]]) 1901–1961, 1963 *[[Baltimore Elite Giants|Nashville Standard/Elite Giants]] ({{abbr|Indp.|Independent}}) 1920–1928 *[[Nashville Stars (baseball)|Nashville Stars]] ([[Negro Major League|NML]]) 1942 *[[Nashville Cubs|Nashville Black Vols/Cubs]] ([[Negro Southern League (1945–51)|NSL]]) 1945–1951 }} | construction_cost = [[United States dollar|$]]7,600 (1885)<ref name=Am3-5-85>{{cite web |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47978608/the-base-ball-season/ |via=Newspapers.com |title=The Base-Ball Season |work=The Daily American |location=Nashville |date=March 5, 1885 |accessdate=April 10, 2020 |page=4}}</ref><br>(${{Inflation|US|7600|1885|fmt=c|r=-3}} in {{Inflation-year|US}} dollars{{inflation-fn|US}}) | architect = | general_contractor= | main_contractors = | seating_capacity = | dimensions = '''1885–1926:'''<br/>'''Left Field:''' 362 ft (110 m)<br/>'''Center Field:''' 485 ft (148 m)<br/>'''Right Field:''' 362 ft (110 m)<br/>'''1927–1963:'''<br/>'''Left Field:''' 334 ft (102 m)<br/>'''Center Field:''' 421 ft (128 m)<br/>'''Right Field:''' 262 ft (80 m) }} '''Sulphur Dell''', formerly known as '''Sulphur Spring Park''' and '''Athletic Park''', was a [[baseball park]] in [[Nashville, Tennessee]]. It was located just north of the [[Tennessee State Capitol]] building in the block bounded by modern-day Jackson Street, Fourth Avenue North, Harrison Street, and Fifth Avenue North.<ref name=SC>{{cite web|url=https://www.statscrew.com/venues/v-1817|title=Sulphur Dell|website=Stats Crew|access-date=June 29, 2025}}</ref> The [[ballpark]] was famous for its short distance to the right field wall (262&nbsp;ft (80 m)) and a steep [[wikt:inclide|incline]] in the outfield that ran along the entire outfield wall, mostly in right and center fields.<ref name=History>{{cite web |first=Skip |last=Nipper |url=http://262downright.com/2014/01/04/sulphur-dell-a-brief-history/ |title=Sulphur Dell: A Brief History |work=262 Down Right |date=January 4, 2014 |accessdate=February 6, 2015 |archive-date=February 4, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204055355/http://262downright.com/2014/01/04/sulphur-dell-a-brief-history/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sportswriter [[Grantland Rice]] started calling it "Sulphur Dell" in 1908.<ref name=NamedSD>{{cite web |first=Skip |last=Nipper |url=http://262downright.com/2015/01/14/grantland-rice-named-sulphur-dell-on-this-day/ |title=Grantland Rice Named "Sulphur Dell" On This Day |work=262 Down Right |date=January 14, 2015 |accessdate=February 6, 2015 |archive-date=February 2, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202154007/http://262downright.com/2015/01/14/grantland-rice-named-sulphur-dell-on-this-day/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[wikt:Amater|Amateur]] teams started playing [[baseball]] in the area known as Sulphur Spring Bottom as early as 1870.<ref name=Bn5-12-70>{{cite web |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48386812/the-blue-stockings/ |via=Newspapers.com |title=The Blue Stockings |work=Republican Banner |location=Nashville |date=May 12, 1870 |accessdate=April 10, 2020 |page=4}}</ref> It was a popular [[recreation]] area with a natural [[spring (water)|sulphur spring]].<ref name=Bn7-25-39>{{cite web |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48381209/a-card/ |via=Newspapers.com |title=A Card |work=Daily Republican Banner |location=Nashville |date=July 25, 1839 |accessdate=April 10, 2020 |page=3}}</ref> It became the home [[stadium]] of a few [[Minor League Baseball]] teams from 1885 to 1963.<ref name=SC/> A wooden [[wikt:grandstand|grandstand]] was built in 1885 for the [[Nashville Americans]] baseball team.<ref name=SulphurSprings>{{cite web |first=Bill |last=Traughber |url=https://www.milb.com/news/gcs-33899398 |title=Looking Back: Nashville's Sulphur Springs Ballpark |work=Nashville Sounds |publisher=Minor League Baseball |date=June 25, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322165402/http://www.milb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20120625&content_id=33899398&fext=.jsp&vkey=news_t556&sid=t556 |archive-date=March 22, 2016 |access-date=March 8, 2020}}</ref> Other [[wikt:professional|professional]] baseball teams played there later.<ref name=Shrines>{{cite web |first=Skip |last=Nipper |url=http://262downright.com/2013/12/12/baseball-shrines/ |title=Baseball Shrines |work=262 Down Right |date=December 12, 2013 |accessdate=February 6, 2015 |archive-date=February 2, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202073734/http://262downright.com/2013/12/12/baseball-shrines/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The team that played at Sulphur Dell the longest was the [[Southern Association]]'s [[Nashville Vols]], who played from 1901 to 1963.<ref name=SC/> After the Vols stopped playing, amateur baseball teams played there in 1964. It was turned into a [[race track]] for [[automobile]]s for three weeks in 1965. The stadium then served as a tow-in lot for Metro Nashville, before being torn down on April 16, 1969.<ref>{{cite web |first=Bill |last=Traughber |url=https://www.milb.com/news/gcs-58475524 |title=Looking Back: Sulphur Dell Demolished in 1969 |publisher=Minor League Baseball |date=August 26, 2013 |access-date=February 6, 2015}}</ref> Until 2014, it was the location of parking lots used by state employees. Since 2015, it has been the location of [[First Horizon Park]], the home stadium of the Triple-A [[Nashville Sounds]] baseball team.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nashville.gov/Sports-Authority/Ballpark-at-Sulphur-Dell.aspx |publisher=Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, Tennessee |title=Ballpark at Sulphur Dell |accessdate=December 12, 2013 |date=December 12, 2013}}</ref> ==References== ;Specific {{Reflist}} ;General *{{cite book |last=Nipper |first=Skip |date=2007 |title=Baseball in Nashville |location=Charleston, South Carolina |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=978-0-7385-4391-8}} *{{cite book |last=Traughber |first=Bill |date=2017 |title=Nashville Baseball History: From Sulphur Dell to the Sounds |location=South Orange, New Jersey |publisher=Summer Games Books |isbn=978-1-938545-83-2}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category}} * [http://www.projectballpark.org/history/nnl2/sulph.html Project Ballpark profile] * [https://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entries/sulphur-dell/ The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture entry] * [https://www.tennessean.com/picture-gallery/news/local/2022/12/14/sulphur-dell-photos-nashville-sounds-stadium/7951288001/ An article about the ballpark] [[Category:Baseball stadiums]] [[Category:Buildings and structures in Tennessee]] [[Category:Sports in Nashville, Tennessee]] 2kngi3h41ga2d8pgaetuwmf4qau6wkb 0 1200747 10368881 10361838 2025-07-03T03:42:53Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368881 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Randolph Henning Hokanson''' (June 22, 1915 – October 18, 2018) was an American [[piano]] player and [[professor]] at the [[University of Washington]] in Seattle. He was known for his [[recording]]s of [[Johann Sebastian Bach|Bach]], [[Franz Schubert|Schubert]], [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]], [[Frédéric Chopin|Chopin]], [[Franz Liszt|Liszt]] and [[Felix Mendelssohn|Mendelssohn]]. He played all of the Beethoven [[piano sonata]]s. Hokanson was born in [[Washington (state)|Washington]] in June 1915 as one of eleven children of a Swedish family in [[Bellingham, Washington|Bellingham]].<ref name="seattletimes2018">{{cite news|last=Bargreen|first=Melinda|date=October 20, 2018|title=Randolph Hokanson, pianist and UW professor emeritus, dies at 103|work=[[The Seattle Times]]|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/obituaries/randolph-hokanson-pianist-and-uw-professor-emeritus-dies-at-103/|accessdate=October 21, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Hokanson|first1=Randolph|title=United States Public Records, 1970–2009|url=https://familysearch.org/|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=25 July 2014}}</ref> He started playing the piano when he was eight, and at fifteen, he started playing [[recital]]s often in [[Seattle]] and [[Victoria, British Columbia]].<ref name="seattletimes2018"/><ref name="queenanne">{{cite news|url=https://queenannenews.com/Content/Seniors-Boomers/Seniors/Article/Bayview-pianist-performs-recital-for-the-ages/30/254/37689|title=Bayview pianist performs recital for the ages|work=Queen Anne News|date=July 21, 2015|first=Eric|last=Mandel|accessdate=October 21, 2018}}</ref> After high school, he learned in London on a [[scholarship]] with [[Harold Samuel]], [[Myra Hess]] and [[Carl Friedberg]] and later played by himself under [[Thomas Beecham]], [[Pierre Monteux]], [[Arthur Fiedler]], [[Walter Susskind]], [[Milton Katims]], and others.<ref name="seattletimes2018"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pianosociety.com/cms/index.php?section=670 |title=Pianosociety.com |access-date=2009-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090524205017/http://pianosociety.com/cms/index.php?section=670 |archive-date=2009-05-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was a music teacher at the University of Washington from 1949 to 1984.<ref name="seattletimes2018"/><ref name="queenanne"/> He was still playing for the public at the age of 90.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/piano-man-emeritus-lends-hands-for-benefit/|title=Piano man emeritus lends hands for benefit|work=[[The Seattle Times]]|date=October 7, 2005|accessdate=December 21, 2020|first=Melinda|last=Bargreen}}</ref> In 2011, he wrote a book, ''With Head to the Music Bent: A Musician's Story''.<ref>{{cite book|title=With Head to the Music Bent: A Musician's Story|first=Randolph|last=Hokanson|publisher=Third Place Press|year=2011|ISBN=978-1-60944-026-8}}</ref> He was [[Marriage|married]] to music writer Dorothy Cadzow (August 9, 1916 – June 26, 2001) from 1951 until she died.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/20010628/hokanson28/dorothy-hokanson-composer|title=Dorothy Hokanson, composer|work=[[The Seattle Times]]|date=June 28, 2001|access-date=August 7, 2009}}</ref> He died on 18 October 2018 when he was 103 years old.<ref name="seattletimes2018"/> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{commons category-inline|Randolph Hokanson}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hokanson, Randolph}} [[Category:1915 births]] [[Category:2018 deaths]] [[Category:American classical pianists]] [[Category:University of Washington faculty]] [[Category:Writers from Washington (state)]] 4i9izl6lptfee38g37rw6adj14bk61u 0 1200795 10368984 10363899 2025-07-03T05:23:04Z BEFOR01 1568756 Undid revision 10363899 by [[Special:Contributions/Bohtani|Bohtani]] ([[User talk:Bohtani|talk]]) This may be Simple Wikipedia, but that doesn't allow you to vandalize history. 10368984 wikitext text/x-wiki The decisive battle leading to the fall of the Soran Emirate took place during the Ottoman campaign of 1836–1837. This conflict culminated in the siege and capture of Rawanduz, the capital of the Soran Emirate, by the Ottoman forces led by Reşid Mehmed Pasha.{{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Dissolution of the Soran Emirate | place = [[Kurdistan]] | partof = [[Kurdish-Ottoman conflict]] | combatant1 = [[File:Soran Emirate Flag.png|26px]] [[List of countries in the 1820s|Soran Emirate]]<br /> | combatant2 = {{flagcountry|Ottoman Empire}} ''Supporters:''<br />[[File:Flag of Êzîdxan.svg|26px|border]] [[Yazidis|Yazidis troops]]<br />[[File:Flag of Assyrians.png|border|25px]][[Assyrians|Assyrians troops]]<br /> | commander1 = [[File:Soran Emirate Flag.png|26px]] [[Mir Muhammad Pasha of Rawanduz]]{{surrendered}}<br /><ref name=The Kurds:A modern History>{{cite news |title=A Modern History of the Kurds|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/review-of-middle-east-studies/article/abs/michael-m-gunter-the-kurds-a-modern-history-princeton-nj-markus-wiener-publishers-2016-xvii-236-pages-references-and-sources-index-cloth-us2695-isbn-9781558766150/661E71D95AF3F07DFDF383E12B3DEC87|work= Michael Gunter’s}}</ref> [[File:Soran Emirate Flag.png|26px]] [[Rasul Pasha]] | commander2 = {{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} [[Reşid Mehmed Pasha]]<br />{{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} [[Hafiz Mehmed Pasha]] | strength1 = 3.000-5.000 <ref name=Martin van Bruinessen>{{cite news |title= Military Capacity of the Soran Emirate |url=https://www.academia.edu/2521173/Agha_Shaikh_and_State_The_Social_and_Political_Structures_of_Kurdistan|pages=155-160|work= Martin van Bruinessen}}</ref> | strength2 = 10.000-15.000<ref name=Martin van Bruinessen>{{cite news |title= Military Capacity of the Ottoman Empire|url=https://www.academia.edu/2521173/Agha_Shaikh_and_State_The_Social_and_Political_Structures_of_Kurdistan|pages=155-160|work= Martin van Bruinessen}}</ref> | casualties2 = 500-1.000<ref name=A Modern History of the Kurds>{{cite news |title=A Modern History of the Kurds|url=https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/modern-history-of-the-kurds-9780755600793/|work=David McDowall}}</ref> | date = 1836-1837 | casualties1 = 1.000-3.000 killed<ref name=A Modern History of the Kurds>{{cite news |title=A Modern History of the Kurds|url=https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/modern-history-of-the-kurds-9780755600793/|work=David McDowall}}</ref> | image = | caption = | result = Ottoman victory<ref name=A Modern History of the Kurds>{{cite news |title=A Modern History of the Kurds|url=https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/modern-history-of-the-kurds-9780755600793/|work=David McDowall}}</ref> }} The [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Army]], led by Reşid Mehmed Pasha, marched into the rugged and mountainous terrain of the [[Soran emirate]]. The campaign was slow due to the challenges of transporting troops and artillery.Reşid Pasha carefully coordinated attacks to avoid direct engagements in mountainous areas where Soran forces had an advantage. The [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] encircled Rawanduz and bombarded it with artillery, causing significant destruction and lowering morale among Soran forces.[[Mir Muhammed of Rawanduz|Mir Muhammed‘s]] troops attempted to hold out but suffered heavy casualties due to both the artillery barrage and internal divisions as tribal support waned.After weeks of resistance, the defenses of Rawanduz were breached. The Ottomans captured the city and overthrew Mir Muhammad’s regime. Mir Muhammad surrendered and was sent to Istanbul, where he later disappeared under mysterious circumstances (possibly assassinated while en route back to Soran). == References == <!--- See [[Help:Cheatsheet]] on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --> {{Reflist}} fj5b5l3z4v6hzfxk8jttbcquw37p1m1 0 1200822 10367716 10365233 2025-07-02T13:51:34Z 2001:4451:12F:E600:AC42:9A72:D17C:206C 10367716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Michael Böllner | image = Michael Böllner at the 2011 Wizard World Chicago.JPG | caption = Böllner in 2011 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1958|9|14}} | birth_place = [[Munich]], [[West Germany]] | occupation = Actor, tax accountant | years_active = | known_for = [[Augustus Gloop]] in ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]'' | spouse = | parents = | relatives = | website = }} '''Michael Böllner''' (born September 14, 1958) is a German tax accountant who used to be an former child actor. He played [[List of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory characters#Augustus Gloop|Augustus Gloop]] in the 1971 movie ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]''. He has not acted in any movies since then. ==Other websites== {{DEFAULTSORT:Böllner, Michael}} [[Category:1958 births]] [[Category:20th-century German actors]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Actors from Munich]] [[Category:German accountants]] [[Category:German child actors]] [[Category:German movie actors]] {{Bio-stub}} my9h7mg21jvx0z909t4xhkayhcdhssx 10367721 10367716 2025-07-02T14:02:53Z 2001:4451:12F:E600:AC42:9A72:D17C:206C /* Other websites */ 10367721 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Michael Böllner | image = Michael Böllner at the 2011 Wizard World Chicago.JPG | caption = Böllner in 2011 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1958|9|14}} | birth_place = [[Munich]], [[West Germany]] | occupation = Actor, tax accountant | years_active = | known_for = [[Augustus Gloop]] in ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]'' | spouse = | parents = | relatives = | website = }} '''Michael Böllner''' (born September 14, 1958) is a German tax accountant who used to be an former child actor. He played [[List of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory characters#Augustus Gloop|Augustus Gloop]] in the 1971 movie ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]''. He has not acted in any movies since then. ==Other websites== * {{IMDb name|0093183}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Böllner, Michael}} [[Category:1958 births]] [[Category:20th-century German actors]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Actors from Munich]] [[Category:German accountants]] [[Category:German child actors]] [[Category:German movie actors]] {{Bio-stub}} tw2x1ios2hiz2s2wibyp2q7yori07ns 10367722 10367721 2025-07-02T14:04:55Z 2001:4451:12F:E600:AC42:9A72:D17C:206C 10367722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Michael Böllner | image = Michael Böllner at the 2011 Wizard World Chicago.JPG | caption = Böllner in 2011 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1958|9|14}} | birth_place = [[Munich]], [[West Germany]] | occupation = Actor, tax accountant | years_active = | known_for = [[Augustus Gloop]] in ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]'' | spouse = | parents = | relatives = | website = }} '''Michael Böllner''' (born September 14, 1958) is a German tax accountant who used to be an former child actor. He played [[List of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory characters#Augustus Gloop|Augustus Gloop]] in the 1971 movie ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]''. He has not acted in any movies since then. ==Other websites== *{{IMDb name|0093183}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Böllner, Michael}} [[Category:1958 births]] [[Category:20th-century German actors]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Actors from Munich]] [[Category:German accountants]] [[Category:German child actors]] [[Category:German movie actors]] {{Bio-stub}} 9olfkxlinx50nzbhqb2nxc987vnkioo 0 1200823 10367618 10362440 2025-07-02T12:42:08Z 2001:4451:12F:E600:AC42:9A72:D17C:206C 10367618 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Julie Dawn Cole | image = Julie Dawn Cole by Gage Skidmore.jpg | caption = Cole in 2017 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1957|10|26}} | birth_place = [[Guildford]], Surrey, England | occupation = {{hlist|Actress|psychotherapist}} | years_active = {{unbulleted list|1970–2013 {{small|(actress)}}|2007–present {{small|(psychotherapist)}}}} | known_for = [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Veruca Salt|Veruca Salt]] in ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]'' | spouse = {{marriage|[[Nick Wilton]]|1991|2002|reason=divorced}} | children = 2 }} '''Julie Dawn Cole''' (born 26 October 1957) is an British psychotherapist who had been a former child actress. She played [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Veruca Salt|Veruca Salt]] in the 1971 movie ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]''. She played Arabella on series 1 and 2 of ''[[...And Mother Makes Three]]'' in 1971–1972. ==Other websites== *{{IMDb name|id=0170628}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cole, Julie Dawn}} [[Category:1957 births]] [[Category:20th-century English actresses]] [[Category:21st-century English actresses]] [[Category:21st-century English memoirists]] [[Category:21st-century English women writers]] [[Category:21st-century English writers]] [[Category:Actresses from Guildford]] [[Category:British women memoirists]] [[Category:English child actresses]] [[Category:English film actresses]] [[Category:English television actresses]] [[Category:Living people]] {{Bio-stub}} g3mduyzic8xwgq9uw7apydqo7j8xq34 10367698 10367618 2025-07-02T13:35:39Z 2001:4451:12F:E600:AC42:9A72:D17C:206C 10367698 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Julie Dawn Cole | image = Julie Dawn Cole by Gage Skidmore.jpg | caption = Cole in 2017 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1957|10|26}} | birth_place = [[Guildford]], Surrey, England | occupation = {{hlist|Actress|psychotherapist}} | years_active = {{unbulleted list|1970–2013 {{small|(actress)}}|2007–present {{small|(psychotherapist)}}}} | known_for = [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Veruca Salt|Veruca Salt]] in ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]'' | spouse = {{marriage|[[Nick Wilton]]|1991|2002|reason=divorced}} | children = 2 }} '''Julie Dawn Cole''' (born 26 October 1957) is an British psychotherapist who had been a former child actress. She played [[List of characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory#Veruca Salt|Veruca Salt]] in the 1971 movie ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]''. She played Arabella on series 1 and 2 of ''[[...And Mother Makes Three]]'' in 1971–1972. ==Other websites== *{{IMDb name|id=0170628}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cole, Julie Dawn}} [[Category:1957 births]] [[Category:20th-century English actresses]] [[Category:21st-century English actresses]] [[Category:21st-century English memoirists]] [[Category:21st-century English women writers]] [[Category:21st-century English writers]] [[Category:Actresses from Guildford]] [[Category:British women memoirists]] [[Category:English child actresses]] [[Category:English film actresses]] [[Category:English television actresses]] [[Category:Living people]] {{Bio-stub}} p8upliw7yuhcllxnlet0lp4020zj5w3 0 1200829 10367701 10365206 2025-07-02T13:39:46Z 2001:4451:12F:E600:AC42:9A72:D17C:206C 10367701 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Paris Themmen | image = Paris Themmen by Gage Skidmore.jpg | caption = Themmen in 2017 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1959|6|25}} | birth_place = [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]], U.S. | occupation = {{hlist|Actor|businessman|real estate broker|casting director}} | years_active = 1967–present | known_for = [[Mike Teavee]] in ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]'' | spouse = {{marriage|Nikki Grillos|2014}} | parents = [[Ivana Marburger Themmen]] (mother) | relatives = [[Susan Blu]] (sister-in-law) | website = {{url|http://paristhemmen.com}} }} '''Paris Themmen''' (born June 25, 1959) is an American actor who used to be an former child actor. He played [[Mike Teavee]] in ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]'' in 1971. He has not acted in any movies since then. ==Other websites== {{DEFAULTSORT:Themmen, Paris}} [[Category:1959 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:20th-century American actors]] [[Category:21st-century American actors]] [[Category:American child actors]] [[Category:American movie actors]] [[Category:American stage actors]] [[Category:American television actors]] [[Category:New York University alumni]] [[Category:Actors from Boston]] {{Bio-stub}} lhlfx0aznb17d0a4r3tl8ow82wadhlb 10367709 10367701 2025-07-02T13:44:32Z 2001:4451:12F:E600:AC42:9A72:D17C:206C /* Other websites */ 10367709 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Paris Themmen | image = Paris Themmen by Gage Skidmore.jpg | caption = Themmen in 2017 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1959|6|25}} | birth_place = [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]], U.S. | occupation = {{hlist|Actor|businessman|real estate broker|casting director}} | years_active = 1967–present | known_for = [[Mike Teavee]] in ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]'' | spouse = {{marriage|Nikki Grillos|2014}} | parents = [[Ivana Marburger Themmen]] (mother) | relatives = [[Susan Blu]] (sister-in-law) | website = {{url|http://paristhemmen.com}} }} '''Paris Themmen''' (born June 25, 1959) is an American actor who used to be an former child actor. He played [[Mike Teavee]] in ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]'' in 1971. He has not acted in any movies since then. ==Other websites== *{{IMDb name|0002398}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Themmen, Paris}} [[Category:1959 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:20th-century American actors]] [[Category:21st-century American actors]] [[Category:American child actors]] [[Category:American movie actors]] [[Category:American stage actors]] [[Category:American television actors]] [[Category:New York University alumni]] [[Category:Actors from Boston]] {{Bio-stub}} jyl1obolhk1vt9o09c58zjp663pfzpq 10367713 10367709 2025-07-02T13:49:42Z 2001:4451:12F:E600:AC42:9A72:D17C:206C 10367713 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Paris Themmen | image = Paris Themmen by Gage Skidmore.jpg | caption = Themmen in 2017 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1959|6|25}} | birth_place = [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]], U.S. | occupation = {{hlist|Actor|businessman|real estate broker|casting director}} | years_active = 1967–present | known_for = [[Mike Teavee]] in ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]'' | spouse = {{marriage|Nikki Grillos|2014}} | parents = [[Ivana Marburger Themmen]] (mother) | relatives = [[Susan Blu]] (sister-in-law) | website = {{url|http://paristhemmen.com}} }} '''Paris Themmen''' (born June 25, 1959) is an American actor who used to be an former child actor. He played [[Mike Teavee]] in ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]'' in 1971. He has not acted in any movies since then. ==Other websites== *{{IMDb name|0002398}} {{multistub|US-bio|actor}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Themmen, Paris}} [[Category:1959 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:20th-century American actors]] [[Category:21st-century American actors]] [[Category:American child actors]] [[Category:American movie actors]] [[Category:American stage actors]] [[Category:American television actors]] [[Category:New York University alumni]] [[Category:Actors from Boston]] oscy89k4upsnofgfpy1wvrws01aeb9v 4 1200846 10368655 10366308 2025-07-03T01:48:32Z Auntof6 22027 move discussion to discussion area 10368655 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Brandon Thomas Lee === :{{lc|Brandon Thomas Lee}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brandon Thomas Lee|action=edit}} close request]</span> CountryANDWestern ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Doesn't appear to be independently notable; acting roles seem to be minor. Sources I'm finding are all regarding him in the context of his mother. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:18, 30 June 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *{{vd}} Article does not establish notability. --[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 21:34, 1 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''02:18, 7 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> 186uy6q1efq3p3kvvjorq83eti9690z 0 1200873 10368930 10365332 2025-07-03T04:05:44Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368930 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Zhu Lilan | native_name = 朱丽岚 | native_name_lang = zh | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1997|03|11}} | birth_place = [[Bijie]], [[Guizhou]], [[China]] | nationality = {{CHN}} | other_names = Julia | occupation = [[Actress]]<br>[[Singer]] | years_active = 2016–present | education = [[Beijing Film Academy]] | agent = Qi Entertainment | known_for = ''Male Fox Liaozhai'', ''Water Monster'', ''Love Through Time'' | notable_works = ''Water Monster'' as Xiang Lan }} '''Zhu Lilan''' ({{lang-zh|朱丽岚}}, born March 11, 1997) is a Chinese actress and singer. She graduated from the [[Beijing Film Academy]] and made her debut in the 2016 film ''Male Fox Liaozhai''. == Filmography == === Films === {| class="wikitable" ! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes |- | 2016 || ''Hoodlum Squad'' || Wei Lai || |- | 2016 || ''Male Fox Liaozhai'' || A Xiu || |- | 2017 || ''Yan Value Classic of Mountains and Seas'' || Qiao Qiu || |- | 2018 || ''Demon Queller: Four Elephants Subdue Demons'' || Hua Wuchang || |- | 2018 || ''Male Fox Liaozhai: Lanruo Temple'' || Xiao Qian || [https://m.sohu.com/a/237253712_100110321/?pvid=000115_3w_a Source] |- | 2018 || ''Twin Blooming Lotus of Baili'' || Miao Tian / Feng Yin || |- | 2019 || ''Monkey King: Havoc in Dragon Palace'' || Little Dragon Maiden || [https://m.huanqiu.com/article/9CaKrnKhDYm Source] |- | 2019 || ''Dear Chief Officer'' || Dong Xixi || |- | 2019 || ''Mythical Contract: Kitchen of Fortune'' || Mo Yu || [https://k.sina.cn/article_5943344914_162403f1200100k3tl.html Source] |- | 2019 || ''Mermaid Jianghu'' || Fish Princess || [https://k.sina.cn/article_3840084769_e4e30b2101900kjvz.html Source] |- | 2019 || ''Water Monster'' || Xiang Lan || |- | 2019 || ''Dragon Slayer Awakens'' || Mirror Heart || [https://k.sina.cn/article_1686546714_6486a91a02000nocd.html Source] |- | 2020 || ''Peerless Martial Soul'' || Xiao Qingxue || |- | 2020 || ''Swords of Legends: Fire Chaos'' || Jiang Bingruo || [https://m.sohu.com/a/401166147_255783/?pvid=000115_3w_a Source] |- | 2020 || ''Detective Dee: Fire Kirin'' || Peerless Beauty || Cameo |- | TBA || ''The Demon King’s Bride in the Painting'' || Mo Chou || |} === Television / Web Series === {| class="wikitable" ! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes |- | 2018 || ''Half of a Beautiful Boy'' || An Ji || Web drama |- | 2020 || ''Love Through Time'' || Qian Qinqin || [https://view.inews.qq.com/a/2019122000766900 Source] |- | 2020 || ''The Scale of Love'' || Tang Linlin || Web drama |- | 2021 || ''My First Love Was a Secret Love'' || Zhu Qianshuang || [https://k.sina.cn/article_7036150881_1a363246100100n922.html Source] |- | 2021 || ''Right Time to Meet You'' || Shen Tiaotiao / Shen Mengjun || [https://k.sina.cn/article_7061262509_1a4e250ad001012mkm.html Source] |- | 2022 || ''Immortal Samsara'' || Chaolan || [https://k.sina.cn/article_3403347324_cadaf57c00101fbs2.html Source] |- | 2022 || ''Folk Tales'' || Magistrate’s daughter || Web drama |- | 2022 || ''Wangchuan Prelude'' || Yun Qianyu || Short drama |- | 2022 || ''Unbreakable Branches'' || Zhou Qingzhu || Short drama |- | 2023 || ''Till the End of the Moon'' || Golden God || Web drama |- | 2023 || ''Your My Secret Crush'' || Fang Jiayue || Short drama |- | 2023 || ''Crack'' || Xu Zhixin / Xu Xiawei || [http://ent.china.com.cn/phone/xwtt/detail2_2023_06/14/4005984.html Source] |- | 2023 || ''Pet My Lord by Decree'' || Su Xianling || Short drama |- | 2024 || ''Er Longhu: Spring in the Village'' || Li Minghan || Web drama |- | 2025 || ''Mistakenly Tainted Rouge'' || Xiao Ningyun || Short drama |- | 2025 || ''Ballad of Yun He'' || Yun Yao || Short drama |- | TBA || ''Fragrant Thousand'' || Baili Changyue || Web drama |- | TBA || ''Embrace You Across the Sea'' || Sister Qi || |- | TBA || ''I Cultivate for the Future in the Netherworld'' || Tong Feng || |- | TBA || ''Trapped by a Painted Heart'' || Luo Ningyun || [https://yule.voc.com.cn/mobile/article/202306/202306061747477070.html Source] |- | TBA || ''Ten Years of Spring Like Words'' || Wen Si’er || |- | TBA || ''Hero Chronicles'' || – || |- | TBA || ''Into the Azure'' || – || |- | TBA || ''Order of Emei'' || Jiuyi Goddess || |- | TBA || ''Secret Spring Flowers'' || Ye Qinglan || |- | TBA || ''Drunken Gold Beauty'' || Lu Zhao || |- | TBA || ''Splendid Schemes'' || – || |- | TBA || ''Fanghuali'' || Lu Xinnian / Yun He || Short drama |} == Awards == {| class="wikitable" ! Year !! Award Event !! Category !! Work !! Result |- | 2019 || China Online Film Week || Promising Web Actor || ''Water Monster'' || Won |- | 2019 || Internet Film and Entertainment Festival || Best Actress in Online Film || ''Water Monster'' || Won |- | 2020 || Hainan Island International Film Festival || Most Noticed Actor || – || Won |} == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://www.douyin.com/user/MS4wLjABAAAA4bs-q_UbAM3VTOsfNGNJoTbKqo5x5kJ9iskcGo4cgN8 Zhu Lilan on Douyin] (archived) * {{Weibo|5329600704}} * [https://www.xiaohongshu.com/user/profile/5b4a18b34eacab5cf612299b?xhsshare=CopyLink Zhu Lilan on Xiaohongshu] {{DEFAULTSORT:Zhu, Lilan}} [[Category:Chinese movie actors]] [[Category:Chinese television actors]] [[Category:People from Bijie]] [[Category:Beijing Film Academy alumni]] [[Category:1997 births]] [[Category:Living people]] ebap90dp45rvbrbcjna780tbinfpanb 0 1200877 10368790 10365331 2025-07-03T02:48:04Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368790 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|does not claim notability?}} {{Infobox person | name = Zhu Lilan | native_name = 朱丽岚 | native_name_lang = zh | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1997|03|11}} | birth_place = [[Bijie]], [[Guizhou]], [[China]] | nationality = {{CHN}} | other_names = Julia | occupation = [[Actress]]<br>[[Singer]] | years_active = 2016–present | education = [[Beijing Film Academy]] | agent = Qi Entertainment | known_for = ''Male Fox Liaozhai'', ''Water Monster'', ''Love Through Time'' | notable_works = ''Water Monster'' as Xiang Lan }} '''Zhu Lilan''' ({{lang-zh|朱丽岚}}, born March 11, 1997) is a Chinese actress and singer. She graduated from the [[Beijing Film Academy]] and made her debut in the 2016 film ''Male Fox Liaozhai''. == Filmography == === Movies === {| class="wikitable" ! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes |- | 2016 || ''Hoodlum Squad'' || Wei Lai || |- | 2016 || ''Male Fox Liaozhai'' || A Xiu || |- | 2017 || ''Yan Value Classic of Mountains and Seas'' || Qiao Qiu || |- | 2018 || ''Demon Queller: Four Elephants Subdue Demons'' || Hua Wuchang || |- | 2018 || ''Male Fox Liaozhai: Lanruo Temple'' || Xiao Qian || [https://m.sohu.com/a/237253712_100110321/?pvid=000115_3w_a Source] |- | 2018 || ''Twin Blooming Lotus of Baili'' || Miao Tian / Feng Yin || |- | 2019 || ''Monkey King: Havoc in Dragon Palace'' || Little Dragon Maiden || [https://m.huanqiu.com/article/9CaKrnKhDYm Source] |- | 2019 || ''Dear Chief Officer'' || Dong Xixi || |- | 2019 || ''Mythical Contract: Kitchen of Fortune'' || Mo Yu || [https://k.sina.cn/article_5943344914_162403f1200100k3tl.html Source] |- | 2019 || ''Mermaid Jianghu'' || Fish Princess || [https://k.sina.cn/article_3840084769_e4e30b2101900kjvz.html Source] |- | 2019 || ''Water Monster'' || Xiang Lan || |- | 2019 || ''Dragon Slayer Awakens'' || Mirror Heart || [https://k.sina.cn/article_1686546714_6486a91a02000nocd.html Source] |- | 2020 || ''Peerless Martial Soul'' || Xiao Qingxue || |- | 2020 || ''Swords of Legends: Fire Chaos'' || Jiang Bingruo || [https://m.sohu.com/a/401166147_255783/?pvid=000115_3w_a Source] |- | 2020 || ''Detective Dee: Fire Kirin'' || Peerless Beauty || Cameo |- | TBA || ''The Demon King’s Bride in the Painting'' || Mo Chou || |} === Television / Web Series === {| class="wikitable" ! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes |- | 2018 || ''Half of a Beautiful Boy'' || An Ji || Web drama |- | 2020 || ''Love Through Time'' || Qian Qinqin || [https://view.inews.qq.com/a/2019122000766900 Source] |- | 2020 || ''The Scale of Love'' || Tang Linlin || Web drama |- | 2021 || ''My First Love Was a Secret Love'' || Zhu Qianshuang || [https://k.sina.cn/article_7036150881_1a363246100100n922.html Source] |- | 2021 || ''Right Time to Meet You'' || Shen Tiaotiao / Shen Mengjun || [https://k.sina.cn/article_7061262509_1a4e250ad001012mkm.html Source] |- | 2022 || ''Immortal Samsara'' || Chaolan || [https://k.sina.cn/article_3403347324_cadaf57c00101fbs2.html Source] |- | 2022 || ''Folk Tales'' || Magistrate’s daughter || Web drama |- | 2022 || ''Wangchuan Prelude'' || Yun Qianyu || Short drama |- | 2022 || ''Unbreakable Branches'' || Zhou Qingzhu || Short drama |- | 2023 || ''Till the End of the Moon'' || Golden God || Web drama |- | 2023 || ''Your My Secret Crush'' || Fang Jiayue || Short drama |- | 2023 || ''Crack'' || Xu Zhixin / Xu Xiawei || [http://ent.china.com.cn/phone/xwtt/detail2_2023_06/14/4005984.html Source] |- | 2023 || ''Pet My Lord by Decree'' || Su Xianling || Short drama |- | 2024 || ''Er Longhu: Spring in the Village'' || Li Minghan || Web drama |- | 2025 || ''Mistakenly Tainted Rouge'' || Xiao Ningyun || Short drama |- | 2025 || ''Ballad of Yun He'' || Yun Yao || Short drama |- | TBA || ''Fragrant Thousand'' || Baili Changyue || Web drama |- | TBA || ''Embrace You Across the Sea'' || Sister Qi || |- | TBA || ''I Cultivate for the Future in the Netherworld'' || Tong Feng || |- | TBA || ''Trapped by a Painted Heart'' || Luo Ningyun || [https://yule.voc.com.cn/mobile/article/202306/202306061747477070.html Source] |- | TBA || ''Ten Years of Spring Like Words'' || Wen Si’er || |- | TBA || ''Hero Chronicles'' || – || |- | TBA || ''Into the Azure'' || – || |- | TBA || ''Order of Emei'' || Jiuyi Goddess || |- | TBA || ''Secret Spring Flowers'' || Ye Qinglan || |- | TBA || ''Drunken Gold Beauty'' || Lu Zhao || |- | TBA || ''Splendid Schemes'' || – || |- | TBA || ''Fanghuali'' || Lu Xinnian / Yun He || Short drama |} == Awards == {| class="wikitable" ! Year !! Award Event !! Category !! Work !! Result |- | 2019 || China Online Film Week || Promising Web Actor || ''Water Monster'' || Won |- | 2019 || Internet Film and Entertainment Festival || Best Actress in Online Film || ''Water Monster'' || Won |- | 2020 || Hainan Island International Film Festival || Most Noticed Actor || – || Won |} == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://www.douyin.com/user/MS4wLjABAAAA4bs-q_UbAM3VTOsfNGNJoTbKqo5x5kJ9iskcGo4cgN8 Zhu Lilan on Douyin] (archived) * {{Weibo|5329600704}} * [https://www.xiaohongshu.com/user/profile/5b4a18b34eacab5cf612299b?xhsshare=CopyLink Zhu Lilan on Xiaohongshu] {{DEFAULTSORT:Zhu, Lilan}} [[Category:Chinese movie actors]] [[Category:Chinese television actors]] [[Category:People from Bijie]] [[Category:Beijing Film Academy alumni]] [[Category:1997 births]] [[Category:Living people]] 2dey5vxtj7050yztpa8zmernaklecuu 0 1200889 10368805 10363020 2025-07-03T02:57:25Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368805 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:MachineGirlShow.jpg|thumb]] '''Machine Girl''' (sometimes written as '''machin3gir1''') is an [[United States|American]] [[electronic music]] project. It was started in 2013 by Matt Stephenson, who is also known as DJ Chaotic Ugly.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Machine Girl, the future of digital hardcore #BandsYouNeedToKnow|language=es-ES|work=WARP.la|url=https://warp.la/editoriales/machine-girl-bandsyouneedtoknow|access-date=2025-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226124921/https://warp.la/editoriales/machine-girl-bandsyouneedtoknow|archive-date=February 26, 2022}}</ref> In 2015, Sean Kelly joined the project as a [[Drum kit|drummer]] for live shows.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pettis|first=Josh|date=May 29, 2019|title=Lobsterfest 2019 Q&A: Machine Girl|url=https://acrn.com/2019/05/29/lobsterfest-2019-qa-machine-girl/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=November 9, 2020|website=ACRN.com}}</ref> In 2024, Lucy Caputi joined the live shows as a [[guitar]]ist.<ref>{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fAhAfF2jMQE|title=Machine Girl - (Live In Amityville) (Full Set) (10/29/24) (FLASHING LIGHTS WARNING)|date=2024-11-23|last=Needle|access-date=2025-06-27|via=YouTube}}</ref> In 2022, Machine Girl made the [[soundtrack]] for the [[video game]] ''Neon White''. The music has two parts: ''The Wicked Heart'' and ''The Burn That Cures''. The music fits the story of the game.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-06-28|title=Neon White Wouldn’t Be ‘Freaky’ Without Machine Girl's Music|url=https://kotaku.com/neon-white-fps-soundtrack-nintendo-switch-machine-girl-1849119261|access-date=2025-06-30|website=Kotaku|language=en}}</ref> The name Machine Girl comes from a 2008 [[Japan]]ese [[Action movie|action film]] called ''The Machine Girl''. The project used sounds from the movie in their 2014 album ''WLFGRL''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Enis|first=Eli|date=May 11, 2020|title=Machine Girl: "Alien music" duo on spitting blood, mashing genres, transcending self|url=https://www.revolvermag.com/music/machine-girl-alien-music-duo-spitting-blood-mashing-genres-transcending-self|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=November 9, 2020|website=Revolver}}</ref> == Members == * Matt Stephenson – does [[Record producer|music production]], plays bass guitar, and sings. He started the project in 2012 and is still a member. * Sean Kelly – plays drums. He joined in 2015. * Lucy Caputi – plays guitar. She joined in 2025 for live shows.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MACHINE GIRL|url=https://www.handsometours.com/tours/machine-girl/|access-date=2025-06-30|website=Handsome}}</ref> == Discography == === Studio albums === * ''WLFGRL'' (2014) * ''Gemini'' (2015) * ''...Because I'm Young Arrogant and Hate Everything You Stand For'' (2017) * ''The Ugly Art'' (2018) * ''U-Void Synthesizer'' (2020) * ''MG Ultra'' (2024) === Extended plays === * ''Electronic Gimp Music EP'' (2013) * ''13th Hour EP'' (2013) * ''GRLPWR EP'' (2013) * ''MACHINE GIRL VS MACHINE GIRL'' (2016) * ''RePorpoised Phantasies'' (2020) * ''SUPER FREQ EP'' (2024) === Singles === * "Gravity Diva" (2012) * "Emerald Juke / Krystle (Glitch Mix)" (2014) * "Killing of the Bird / Lifeforce" (2015) * "Costume / Fuqthatlil" (2016) * "Minnesota / Explode" (2016) * "Yesterday (Machine Girl Remix)" (2023) * "Concerning Peace (Machine Girl Remix)" (2023) * "Until I Die" (2024) * "Motherfather" (2024) * "Psychic Attack" (2024) * "Ass2Mars (Squarepusher Remix)" (2025) * "Ass2Mars (LSDXOXO Remix)" (2025) === Soundtracks === * ''Neon White Soundtrack Part 1 "The Wicked Heart"'' (2022) * ''Neon White Soundtrack Part 2 "The Burn That Cures"'' (2022) == References == <references /> == Other websites == * [https://machin3gir1.com/ Official website] * [https://www.discogs.com/es/artist/3707279-Machine-Girl-2 Machine Girl] discography at [[Discogs]] [[Category:2013 establishments in New York (state)]] [[Category:Musical groups established in 2013]] [[Category:Electronic music groups]] thgxn120egzu8ym7k8x7817t4f2p4p5 0 1200927 10368811 10363217 2025-07-03T03:05:17Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uncategorized|date=July 2025}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Mahboob Diwan Chopdar | native_name = महबूब दीवान चोपदार | nickname = M.D. Chopdar | office = President, Minority Department, Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee | office2 = Chairman, Rajasthan Madarsa Board | term_start = 2025 | birth_date = April 21, 1974 | birth_place = Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India | party = Indian National Congress | education = B.A., LL.B. | profession = Politician, Businessman | website = [https://www.facebook.com/mdchopdarinc/ Facebook] | residence = Jaipur, Rajasthan }} '''Mahboob Diwan Chopdar''' (Hindi: '''महबूब दीवान चोपदार'''), commonly known as '''MD Chopdar''', is an Indian politician associated with the Indian National Congress (INC) in Rajasthan. He currently serves as the: * '''President''', Minority Department, Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee (appointed June 2025)<ref>{{cite web |title=MD Chopdar appointed as State President of Congress Minority Department |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/rajasthan/jhunjhunu/rajasthan-madrasa-board-chairman-md-chopdar-appointed-as-state-president-of-congress-minority-department/articleshow/122096854.cms |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref> * '''Chairman''', Rajasthan Madarsa Board<ref>{{cite web |title=MD Chopdar appointed Chairman of Madarsa Board |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/rajasthan/jhunjhunu/md-chopdar-of-jhunjhunu-got-a-big-responsibility-chairman-of-madarsa-board-dance-in-happiness/1545383 |website=Zee News Hindi |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref> He is a prominent political leader in Rajasthan, known for his active presence in minority welfare, education reform, and community outreach. == Early life and background == Chopdar was born on 21 April 1974 in [[Jhunjhunu]], Rajasthan. His father, Haji Dr. Salaudeen Chopdar, was a noted social worker and philanthropist. Inspired by his father's work, Chopdar pursued higher education, earning degrees in Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.). He began participating in community service and student politics early in life. He is also an Ayurvedic entrepreneur, serving as Director of Rajasthan Herbals International Pvt. Ltd.<ref>{{cite web |title=Who is Who – Madarsa Board |url=https://minority.rajasthan.gov.in/Who_isWho.aspx |website=Department of Minority Affairs, Rajasthan |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref> == Political career == Chopdar has over three decades of political experience within the Indian National Congress. He started with the Youth Congress and later held key roles in the Seva Dal and minority departments. === Current positions === * President, Minority Department, Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee (2025–present)<ref name="nbt"/> * Chairman, Rajasthan Madarsa Board (2024–present)<ref name="zeenews"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Rajasthan HC stays cancellation of Madarsa Board Chairman post |url=https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2024/04/23/rajasthan-high-court-stays-cancellation-of-rajasthan-madarsa-board-chairperson-appointment-scc-times/ |website=SCC Online |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref> === Past roles === * Secretary, District Youth Congress, Jhunjhunu (1994–1999) * Vice President, Youth Congress, Jhunjhunu (1999–2002) * President, Youth Congress, Jhunjhunu (2002–2003) * District President, Youth Congress, Jhunjhunu (2004–2011) * Vice President, District Congress Committee (2011–2013) He also holds or has held positions such as: * State Secretary, Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Seva Dal<ref>{{cite web |title=Congress appoints new minority department chief |url=https://inc.in/media/press-releases/appointment-of-chairman-of-the-minority-department-of-rajasthan-pradesh-congress-committee |website=Indian National Congress |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref> * Secretary, City Congress Committee (OBC Cell), Jhunjhunu * Vice-President, Peace Mission Rajasthan * Co-Convener, Rajiv Gandhi Panchayati Raj Sangathan, Jhunjhunu * Director, Dr. Salaudeen Chopdar Foundation == Legal developments == In 2024, his appointment as Chairman of the Rajasthan Madarsa Board was challenged and later revoked by the state government. The Rajasthan High Court later stayed the cancellation and upheld his position.<ref>{{cite web |title=Madrasa Board Chairman MD Chaubdar got relief from HC |url=https://rajasthan.ndtv.in/rajasthan-news/madrasa-board-chairman-md-chaubdar-got-big-relief-from-the-high-court-the-court-stayed-the-governments-decision-5484483 |website=NDTV Rajasthan |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref> == Mission and social service == Chopdar is associated with various social service efforts and institutions, including: * Promoting women's education and literacy * Organizing free drug de-addiction camps in villages * Coordinating blood donation drives * Supporting orphaned and vulnerable families with monthly pensions * Founding a 100-bed charitable hospital in memory of his father<ref>{{cite web |title=MD Chopdar to contest by-election, expands social mission |url=https://www.amarujala.com/rajasthan/jhunjhunu/rajasthan-madrasa-board-chairman-md-chopdar-will-contest-in-jhunjhunu-assembly-by-election-jhunjhunu-news-c-1-1-noi1347-2156092-2024-09-28 |website=Amar Ujala |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref> Organizations: * Chopdar Samaj Seva Trust, Jhunjhunu * JK Chopdar Seva Samiti * Rashtriya Ekta Sadbhavna Mission == Related pages == * [[Indian National Congress]] == References == <references /> == Other websites == * [https://www.facebook.com/mdchopdarinc/ Official Facebook] * [https://www.instagram.com/mdchopdarinc/?hl=en Official Instagram] * [https://x.com/mdchopdarinc Official X (formerly Twitter)] a0wtqj178t4w1dhbrekvtfv77h08g56 10369401 10368811 2025-07-03T11:04:58Z Webtix 1635093 10369401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uncategorized|date=July 2025}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Mahboob Diwan Chopdar (MD Chopdar) | native_name = महबूब दीवान चोपदार (एमडी चोपदार) | nickname = MD Chopdar | office = President, Minority Department, Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee [https://inc.in/media/press-releases/appointment-of-chairman-of-the-minority-department-of-rajasthan-pradesh-congress-committee] | office2 = Chairman (Minister of State) – Rajasthan Madarsa Board, Government of Rajasthan | term_start1 = 26 June, 2025 | term_start2 = 25 January, 2023 | birth_date = April 21, 1974 | birth_place = Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India | party = Indian National Congress [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congress] | education = B.A., LL.B. | profession = Politician, Businessman | website = [https://www.facebook.com/mdchopdarinc/ Facebook] | residence = Jaipur, Rajasthan | image = [[File:MD Chopdar.jpg|thumb|State President – ​​Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee (Minority Department)]] | relations = Dr. Sattar Diwan, Salim Diwan [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salim_Diwan] | parents = Haji Dr. Salauddin Chopdar | citizenship = Indian | country = India | state = Rajasthan }} '''Mahboob Diwan Chopdar''' (Hindi: '''महबूब दीवान चोपदार'''), commonly known as '''MD Chopdar''', is an Indian politician associated with the Indian National Congress (INC) in Rajasthan. He currently serves as the: * '''President''', Minority Department, Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee (appointed June 2025)<ref>{{cite web |title=MD Chopdar appointed as State President of Congress Minority Department |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/rajasthan/jhunjhunu/rajasthan-madrasa-board-chairman-md-chopdar-appointed-as-state-president-of-congress-minority-department/articleshow/122096854.cms |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref> * '''Chairman''', Rajasthan Madarsa Board<ref>{{cite web |title=MD Chopdar appointed Chairman of Madarsa Board |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/rajasthan/jhunjhunu/md-chopdar-of-jhunjhunu-got-a-big-responsibility-chairman-of-madarsa-board-dance-in-happiness/1545383 |website=Zee News Hindi |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref> He is a prominent political leader in Rajasthan, known for his active presence in minority welfare, education reform, and community outreach. == Early life and background == Chopdar was born on 21 April 1974 in [[:en:Jhunjhunu|Jhunjhunu]], Rajasthan. His father, Haji Dr. Salaudeen Chopdar, was a noted social worker and philanthropist. Inspired by his father's work, Chopdar pursued higher education, earning degrees in Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.). He began participating in community service and student politics early in life. He is also an Ayurvedic entrepreneur, serving as Director of Rajasthan Herbals International Pvt. Ltd.<ref>{{cite web |title=Who is Who – Madarsa Board |url=https://minority.rajasthan.gov.in/Who_isWho.aspx |website=Department of Minority Affairs, Rajasthan |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref> == Political career == Chopdar has over three decades of political experience within the Indian National Congress. He started with the Youth Congress and later held key roles in the Seva Dal and minority departments. === Current positions === * President, Minority Department, Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee (2025–present)<ref name="nbt"/> * Chairman, Rajasthan Madarsa Board (2024–present)<ref name="zeenews"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Rajasthan HC stays cancellation of Madarsa Board Chairman post |url=https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2024/04/23/rajasthan-high-court-stays-cancellation-of-rajasthan-madarsa-board-chairperson-appointment-scc-times/ |website=SCC Online |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref> === Past roles === * Secretary, District Youth Congress, Jhunjhunu (1994–1999) * Vice President, Youth Congress, Jhunjhunu (1999–2002) * President, Youth Congress, Jhunjhunu (2002–2003) * District President, Youth Congress, Jhunjhunu (2004–2011) * Vice President, District Congress Committee (2011–2013) He also holds or has held positions such as: * State Secretary, Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Seva Dal<ref>{{cite web |title=Congress appoints new minority department chief |url=https://inc.in/media/press-releases/appointment-of-chairman-of-the-minority-department-of-rajasthan-pradesh-congress-committee |website=Indian National Congress |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref> * Secretary, City Congress Committee (OBC Cell), Jhunjhunu * Vice-President, Peace Mission Rajasthan * Co-Convener, Rajiv Gandhi Panchayati Raj Sangathan, Jhunjhunu * Director, Dr. Salaudeen Chopdar Foundation == Legal developments == In 2024, his appointment as Chairman of the Rajasthan Madarsa Board was challenged and later revoked by the state government. The Rajasthan High Court later stayed the cancellation and upheld his position.<ref>{{cite web |title=Madrasa Board Chairman MD Chaubdar got relief from HC |url=https://rajasthan.ndtv.in/rajasthan-news/madrasa-board-chairman-md-chaubdar-got-big-relief-from-the-high-court-the-court-stayed-the-governments-decision-5484483 |website=NDTV Rajasthan |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref> == Mission and social service == Chopdar is associated with various social service efforts and institutions, including: * Promoting women's education and literacy * Organizing free drug de-addiction camps in villages * Coordinating blood donation drives * Supporting orphaned and vulnerable families with monthly pensions * Founding a 100-bed charitable hospital in memory of his father<ref>{{cite web |title=MD Chopdar to contest by-election, expands social mission |url=https://www.amarujala.com/rajasthan/jhunjhunu/rajasthan-madrasa-board-chairman-md-chopdar-will-contest-in-jhunjhunu-assembly-by-election-jhunjhunu-news-c-1-1-noi1347-2156092-2024-09-28 |website=Amar Ujala |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref> Organizations: * Chopdar Samaj Seva Trust, Jhunjhunu * JK Chopdar Seva Samiti * Rashtriya Ekta Sadbhavna Mission == Related pages == * [[Indian National Congress]] == References == <references responsive="" /> == Other websites == * [https://www.facebook.com/mdchopdarinc/ Official Facebook] * [https://www.instagram.com/mdchopdarinc/?hl=en Official Instagram] * [https://x.com/mdchopdarinc Official X (formerly Twitter)] * [https://www.youtube.com/@mdchopdarinc Official YouTube] [[Category:Indian politicians]] [[Category:Indian politicians by party]] [[Category:Rajasthani politicians]] [[Category:Living people]] __INDEX__ [[Category:Jhunjhunu]] hacqahxr16pjlgn30encoz1lbcssj2v 10369433 10369401 2025-07-03T11:25:12Z Webtix 1635093 /* References */ 10369433 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uncategorized|date=July 2025}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Mahboob Diwan Chopdar (MD Chopdar) | native_name = महबूब दीवान चोपदार (एमडी चोपदार) | nickname = MD Chopdar | office = President, Minority Department, Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee [https://inc.in/media/press-releases/appointment-of-chairman-of-the-minority-department-of-rajasthan-pradesh-congress-committee] | office2 = Chairman (Minister of State) – Rajasthan Madarsa Board, Government of Rajasthan | term_start1 = 26 June, 2025 | term_start2 = 25 January, 2023 | birth_date = April 21, 1974 | birth_place = Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India | party = Indian National Congress [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congress] | education = B.A., LL.B. | profession = Politician, Businessman | website = [https://www.facebook.com/mdchopdarinc/ Facebook] | residence = Jaipur, Rajasthan | image = [[File:MD Chopdar.jpg|thumb|State President – ​​Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee (Minority Department)]] | relations = Dr. Sattar Diwan, Salim Diwan [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salim_Diwan] | parents = Haji Dr. Salauddin Chopdar | citizenship = Indian | country = India | state = Rajasthan }} '''Mahboob Diwan Chopdar''' (Hindi: '''महबूब दीवान चोपदार'''), commonly known as '''MD Chopdar''', is an Indian politician associated with the Indian National Congress (INC) in Rajasthan. He currently serves as the: * '''President''', Minority Department, Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee (appointed June 2025)<ref>{{cite web |title=MD Chopdar appointed as State President of Congress Minority Department |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/rajasthan/jhunjhunu/rajasthan-madrasa-board-chairman-md-chopdar-appointed-as-state-president-of-congress-minority-department/articleshow/122096854.cms |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref> * '''Chairman''', Rajasthan Madarsa Board<ref>{{cite web |title=MD Chopdar appointed Chairman of Madarsa Board |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/rajasthan/jhunjhunu/md-chopdar-of-jhunjhunu-got-a-big-responsibility-chairman-of-madarsa-board-dance-in-happiness/1545383 |website=Zee News Hindi |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref> He is a prominent political leader in Rajasthan, known for his active presence in minority welfare, education reform, and community outreach. == Early life and background == Chopdar was born on 21 April 1974 in [[:en:Jhunjhunu|Jhunjhunu]], Rajasthan. His father, Haji Dr. Salaudeen Chopdar, was a noted social worker and philanthropist. Inspired by his father's work, Chopdar pursued higher education, earning degrees in Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.). He began participating in community service and student politics early in life. He is also an Ayurvedic entrepreneur, serving as Director of Rajasthan Herbals International Pvt. Ltd.<ref>{{cite web |title=Who is Who – Madarsa Board |url=https://minority.rajasthan.gov.in/Who_isWho.aspx |website=Department of Minority Affairs, Rajasthan |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref> == Political career == Chopdar has over three decades of political experience within the Indian National Congress. He started with the Youth Congress and later held key roles in the Seva Dal and minority departments. === Current positions === * President, Minority Department, Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee (2025–present)<ref name="nbt"/> * Chairman, Rajasthan Madarsa Board (2024–present)<ref name="zeenews"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Rajasthan HC stays cancellation of Madarsa Board Chairman post |url=https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2024/04/23/rajasthan-high-court-stays-cancellation-of-rajasthan-madarsa-board-chairperson-appointment-scc-times/ |website=SCC Online |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref> === Past roles === * Secretary, District Youth Congress, Jhunjhunu (1994–1999) * Vice President, Youth Congress, Jhunjhunu (1999–2002) * President, Youth Congress, Jhunjhunu (2002–2003) * District President, Youth Congress, Jhunjhunu (2004–2011) * Vice President, District Congress Committee (2011–2013) ==== He also holds or has held positions such as: ==== * State Secretary, Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Seva Dal<ref>{{cite web |title=Congress appoints new minority department chief |url=https://inc.in/media/press-releases/appointment-of-chairman-of-the-minority-department-of-rajasthan-pradesh-congress-committee |website=Indian National Congress |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref> * Secretary, City Congress Committee (OBC Cell), Jhunjhunu * Vice-President, Peace Mission Rajasthan * Co-Convener, Rajiv Gandhi Panchayati Raj Sangathan, Jhunjhunu * Director, Dr. Salaudeen Chopdar Foundation == Legal developments == In 2024, his appointment as Chairman of the Rajasthan Madarsa Board was challenged and later revoked by the state government. The Rajasthan High Court later stayed the cancellation and upheld his position.<ref>{{cite web |title=Madrasa Board Chairman MD Chaubdar got relief from HC |url=https://rajasthan.ndtv.in/rajasthan-news/madrasa-board-chairman-md-chaubdar-got-big-relief-from-the-high-court-the-court-stayed-the-governments-decision-5484483 |website=NDTV Rajasthan |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref> == Mission and social service == Chopdar is associated with various social service efforts and institutions, including: * Promoting women's education and literacy * Organizing free drug de-addiction camps in villages * Coordinating blood donation drives * Supporting orphaned and vulnerable families with monthly pensions * Founding a 100-bed charitable hospital in memory of his father<ref>{{cite web |title=MD Chopdar to contest by-election, expands social mission |url=https://www.amarujala.com/rajasthan/jhunjhunu/rajasthan-madrasa-board-chairman-md-chopdar-will-contest-in-jhunjhunu-assembly-by-election-jhunjhunu-news-c-1-1-noi1347-2156092-2024-09-28 |website=Amar Ujala |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref> Organizations: * Chopdar Samaj Seva Trust, Jhunjhunu * JK Chopdar Seva Samiti * Rashtriya Ekta Sadbhavna Mission == Related pages == * [[Indian National Congress]] == References == <references responsive="" /> == Other websites == # [https://www.facebook.com/mdchopdarinc/ Official Facebook] # [https://www.instagram.com/mdchopdarinc/?hl=en Official Instagram] # [https://x.com/mdchopdarinc Official X (formerly Twitter)] # [https://www.youtube.com/@mdchopdarinc Official YouTube] [[Category:Indian politicians]] [[Category:Indian politicians by party]] [[Category:Rajasthani politicians]] [[Category:Living people]] __INDEX__ 0153zdyi6ikln9aqumqve5yl7yhn1cc 0 1201092 10368564 10364348 2025-07-03T00:20:36Z Ferien 1011873 Nominated for deletion; see [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Aircash]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368564 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|fails GNG}} {{Infobox company | name = Aircash d.o.o. | logo = Aircash logo.svg | type = | traded_as = | industry = | founded = {{Start date and age|2015|06|01}} in [[Zagreb]], [[Croatia]] | founders = Hrvoje Ćosić | location = | area_served = | key_people = | products = | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | assets = | equity = | owner = | num_employees = | website = {{URL|https://aircash.eu}} | footnotes = }} '''Aircash''' is a digital wallet and money service from [[Croatia]]. [[People]] use it to keep, send, and get [[money]] with a [[mobile app]]. It was started in [[2015]] in [[Zagreb]] by [[Hrvoje Ćosić]] and his partners. The goal was to let people send [[money]] easily without a normal bank account. In 2021, Aircash got a license from the [[Croatian National Bank]]. This means it is allowed to work as an [[electronic money]] company in all [[Country|countries]] of the [[European Union]]. Aircash lets users send money to each other, pay bills, buy tickets for [[Bus|buses]], [[Train|trains]], and events, or pay for [[parking]]. People can add money to their Aircash wallet in different ways: by bank transfer, by paying at partner shops, or by using PaysafeCash. In February 2022, Aircash made a deal with [[Paysafe]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aircash partners with Paysafe to support cash-based money transfers|url=https://www.paysafe.com/en/paysafegroup/news/detail/aircash-partners-with-paysafe-to-support-cash-based-money-transfers/|access-date=2025-06-30|website=Paysafe|language=en}}</ref> This deal let users add [[cash]] to their wallets in over 200,000 PaysafeCash shops in more than 10 European markets.<ref>{{Cite web|last=T@advertainment-media.com|date=2022-02-02|title=Aircash partners with Paysafe to support cash-based money transfers|url=https://ffnews.com/newsarticle/aircash-partners-with-paysafe-to-support-cash-based-money-transfers/|access-date=2025-06-30|website=FF News {{!}} Fintech Finance|language=en}}</ref> In October 2023, Aircash also partnered with a company called [[Nikulipe]]. This gave people more ways to add money to their wallets in many EU countries.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nikulipe|date=2023-10-05|title=Nikulipe and Aircash form Strategic partnership|url=https://fintecbuzz.com/nikulipe-and-aircash-form-strategic-partnership/|access-date=2025-06-30|language=en-US}}</ref> Aircash also offers a prepaid [[Mastercard]]. This [[Debit card|card]] can be used in stores, online, or to take out cash from ATMs. The card is connected to the Aircash wallet and can be either physical or virtual, used via [[Apple Pay]]. Aircash helps people who do not use [[Bank|banks]] to manage their money. It is now used in many countries in [[Europe]] and is growing fast. [[File:Aircash Mastercard Prepaid Card (Front).png|thumb|The Aircash prepaid [[Mastercard]] card.]] == Other websites == {{Commons category|Aircash }} == References == {{reflist}} {{tech-stub}} [[Category:Finance]] [[Category:Croatian financial companies]] o023mu3thsra6yibxsq2gnoqzqoeg0l 0 1201203 10369294 10365237 2025-07-03T09:30:26Z Victor Ningthemcha 1603674 /* Etymology */ 10369294 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Meidingu or Meedingu''' ({{Langx|omp|ꯃꯤꯇꯤꯡꯉꯨ|Meetingu}}) is an indigenous royal title used by the kings of the [[Meitei people]] in [[Kangleipak]] (present-day [[Manipur]]). It was traditionally used prior to the Sanskritisation of Manipur in the 18th century. == Etymology == The word '''Meidingu''' comes from two Meitei words. '''Mei''' (ꯃꯩ) is a short form of "Meitei", which first referred to the people of the [[Ningthouja dynasty]] (also called the [[Mangang]] clan). '''Dingu''' (ꯗꯤꯡꯒꯨ) means "ruler" or "great king". So, Meidingu means "King of the Meiteis" or "Supreme ruler of the Meitei kingdom". == Usage == == Historical change == == Legacy == == Related pages == * [[List of Manipuri kings]] * [[Cheitharol Kumbaba]] * [[Pamheiba]] * [[Sanamahism]] * [[Ningthouja dynasty]] == References == == Other websites == * [https://rajpub.com/index.php/jal/article/download/2080/6527/10628 Transformation of Meitei Naming System – RajPub] * [https://e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?ch=manipur&src=Singh_Title_in_the_Meitei_name_of_Manipur_By_Okram_Kumar&sub1=Ethnic_Races_Manipur Singh Title in the Meitei name – E-Pao] bi31f0s2qnbuhon3wm8dzfq26sgixjw 10369297 10369294 2025-07-03T09:30:57Z Victor Ningthemcha 1603674 /* Usage */ 10369297 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Meidingu or Meedingu''' ({{Langx|omp|ꯃꯤꯇꯤꯡꯉꯨ|Meetingu}}) is an indigenous royal title used by the kings of the [[Meitei people]] in [[Kangleipak]] (present-day [[Manipur]]). It was traditionally used prior to the Sanskritisation of Manipur in the 18th century. == Etymology == The word '''Meidingu''' comes from two Meitei words. '''Mei''' (ꯃꯩ) is a short form of "Meitei", which first referred to the people of the [[Ningthouja dynasty]] (also called the [[Mangang]] clan). '''Dingu''' (ꯗꯤꯡꯒꯨ) means "ruler" or "great king". So, Meidingu means "King of the Meiteis" or "Supreme ruler of the Meitei kingdom". == Usage == The title Meidingu was used by the kings of the [[Ningthouja dynasty]] and other small kingdoms in old [[Manipur]]. The word is found in old books, temple writings, and songs. The first king who used the title was [[Nongda Lairen Pakhangba]], when he became king of [[Kangla]] and started the rule of the Ningthouja dynasty. Later, in the 1700s, during the rule of [[Pamheiba]] (also called [[Gharib Niwaz]]), the kingdom changed its religion to [[Hinduism]]. After this, kings stopped using the word Meidingu and began using Sanskrit titles like '''Maharaja'''. == Historical change == == Legacy == == Related pages == * [[List of Manipuri kings]] * [[Cheitharol Kumbaba]] * [[Pamheiba]] * [[Sanamahism]] * [[Ningthouja dynasty]] == References == == Other websites == * [https://rajpub.com/index.php/jal/article/download/2080/6527/10628 Transformation of Meitei Naming System – RajPub] * [https://e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?ch=manipur&src=Singh_Title_in_the_Meitei_name_of_Manipur_By_Okram_Kumar&sub1=Ethnic_Races_Manipur Singh Title in the Meitei name – E-Pao] rr8kxcykeq7ednusnoooxp3pwo72999 10369299 10369297 2025-07-03T09:31:36Z Victor Ningthemcha 1603674 /* Historical change */ 10369299 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Meidingu or Meedingu''' ({{Langx|omp|ꯃꯤꯇꯤꯡꯉꯨ|Meetingu}}) is an indigenous royal title used by the kings of the [[Meitei people]] in [[Kangleipak]] (present-day [[Manipur]]). It was traditionally used prior to the Sanskritisation of Manipur in the 18th century. == Etymology == The word '''Meidingu''' comes from two Meitei words. '''Mei''' (ꯃꯩ) is a short form of "Meitei", which first referred to the people of the [[Ningthouja dynasty]] (also called the [[Mangang]] clan). '''Dingu''' (ꯗꯤꯡꯒꯨ) means "ruler" or "great king". So, Meidingu means "King of the Meiteis" or "Supreme ruler of the Meitei kingdom". == Usage == The title Meidingu was used by the kings of the [[Ningthouja dynasty]] and other small kingdoms in old [[Manipur]]. The word is found in old books, temple writings, and songs. The first king who used the title was [[Nongda Lairen Pakhangba]], when he became king of [[Kangla]] and started the rule of the Ningthouja dynasty. Later, in the 1700s, during the rule of [[Pamheiba]] (also called [[Gharib Niwaz]]), the kingdom changed its religion to [[Hinduism]]. After this, kings stopped using the word Meidingu and began using Sanskrit titles like '''Maharaja'''. == Historical change == Many researchers say that the change from Meidingu to Maharaja was part of a big cultural shift. Local Meitei traditions were replaced with Hindu customs. Kings began to use Hindu names and added the name "Singh" at the end of their names. == Related pages == * [[List of Manipuri kings]] * [[Cheitharol Kumbaba]] * [[Pamheiba]] * [[Sanamahism]] * [[Ningthouja dynasty]] == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://rajpub.com/index.php/jal/article/download/2080/6527/10628 Transformation of Meitei Naming System – RajPub] * [https://e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?ch=manipur&src=Singh_Title_in_the_Meitei_name_of_Manipur_By_Okram_Kumar&sub1=Ethnic_Races_Manipur Singh Title in the Meitei name – E-Pao] 5trt00440d3noehe3kd79f8xvk6xs9x 10369309 10369299 2025-07-03T09:37:40Z Victor Ningthemcha 1603674 10369309 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Meidingu''' or '''Meedingu''' ({{Langx|omp|ꯃꯤꯇꯤꯉꯨ|Meetingu}}) is an indigenous royal title used by the kings of the [[Meitei people]] in [[Kangleipak]] (present-day [[Manipur]]).<ref>{{cite web|title=Post Historical Kings of Manipur|url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?ch=manipur&src=Post_Historical_Kings_of_Manipur&sub1=History_of_Manipur|access-date=1 July 2025|website=E-Pao}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Khumukcham|first=Robert|date=24 May 2020|title=Know the Meetei|url=https://imphaltimes.com/articles/know-the-meetei/|access-date=1 July 2025|website=Imphal Times}}</ref> It was traditionally used prior to the [[Puya Mei Thaba|Sanskritisation of Manipur]] in the 18th century<ref>{{cite journal|last=Paonam|first=Bidyarani|year=2021|title=Refashioning Kingship in Manipur in the 18th Century|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/12/12/1041|journal=Religions|volume=12|issue=12|pages=1041|doi=10.3390/rel12121041}}</ref> == Etymology == The word '''Meidingu''' comes from two Meitei words. '''Mei''' (ꯃꯩ) is a short form of "Meitei", which first referred to the people of the [[Ningthouja dynasty]] (also called the [[Mangang]] clan). '''Dingu''' (ꯗꯤꯡꯒꯨ) means "ruler" or "great king". So, Meidingu means "King of the Meiteis" or "Supreme ruler of the Meitei kingdom". == Usage == The title Meidingu was used by the kings of the [[Ningthouja dynasty]] and other small kingdoms in old [[Manipur]]. The word is found in old books, temple writings, and songs. The first king who used the title was [[Nongda Lairen Pakhangba]], when he became king of [[Kangla]] and started the rule of the Ningthouja dynasty. Later, in the 1700s, during the rule of [[Pamheiba]] (also called [[Gharib Niwaz]]), the kingdom changed its religion to [[Hinduism]]. After this, kings stopped using the word Meidingu and began using Sanskrit titles like '''Maharaja'''. == Historical change == Many researchers say that the change from Meidingu to Maharaja was part of a big cultural shift. Local Meitei traditions were replaced with Hindu customs. Kings began to use Hindu names and added the name "Singh" at the end of their names. == Related pages == * [[List of Manipuri kings]] * [[Cheitharol Kumbaba]] * [[Pamheiba]] * [[Sanamahism]] * [[Ningthouja dynasty]] == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://rajpub.com/index.php/jal/article/download/2080/6527/10628 Transformation of Meitei Naming System – RajPub] * [https://e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?ch=manipur&src=Singh_Title_in_the_Meitei_name_of_Manipur_By_Okram_Kumar&sub1=Ethnic_Races_Manipur Singh Title in the Meitei name – E-Pao] qcg7cnhpxomextgwp2rhyekg0k3tr8f 10369314 10369309 2025-07-03T09:40:26Z Victor Ningthemcha 1603674 10369314 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Meidingu''' or '''Meedingu''' ({{Langx|omp|ꯃꯤꯇꯤꯉꯨ|Meetingu}}) is an indigenous royal title used by the kings of the [[Meitei people]] in [[Kangleipak]] (present-day [[Manipur]]).<ref>{{cite web|title=Post Historical Kings of Manipur|url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?ch=manipur&src=Post_Historical_Kings_of_Manipur&sub1=History_of_Manipur|access-date=1 July 2025|website=E-Pao}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Khumukcham|first=Robert|date=24 May 2020|title=Know the Meetei|url=https://imphaltimes.com/articles/know-the-meetei/|access-date=1 July 2025|website=Imphal Times}}</ref> It was traditionally used prior to the [[Puya Mei Thaba|Sanskritisation of Manipur]] in the 18th century<ref>{{cite journal|last=Paonam|first=Bidyarani|year=2021|title=Refashioning Kingship in Manipur in the 18th Century|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/12/12/1041|journal=Religions|volume=12|issue=12|pages=1041|doi=10.3390/rel12121041}}</ref> == Etymology == The word '''Meidingu''' comes from two Meitei words. '''Mei''' (ꯃꯩ) is a short form of "Meitei", which first referred to the people of the [[Ningthouja dynasty]] (also called the [[Mangang]] clan).<ref>{{cite web |last=Khumukcham |first=Robert |title=Know the Meetei |url=https://imphaltimes.com/articles/know-the-meetei/ |website=Imphal Times |date=24 May 2020 |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> '''Dingu''' (ꯗꯤꯡꯒꯨ) means "ruler" or "great king".<ref>{{cite journal |last=Paonam |first=Bidyarani |title=Refashioning Kingship in Manipur in the 18th Century |journal=Religions |volume=12 |issue=12 |pages=1041 |year=2021 |doi=10.3390/rel12121041 |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/12/12/1041}}</ref> So, Meidingu means "King of the Meiteis" or "Supreme ruler of the Meitei kingdom".<ref>{{cite web |title=Post Historical Kings of Manipur |url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?ch=manipur&src=Post_Historical_Kings_of_Manipur&sub1=History_of_Manipur |website=E-Pao |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> == Usage == The title Meidingu was used by the kings of the [[Ningthouja dynasty]] and other small kingdoms in old [[Manipur]]. The word is found in old books, temple writings, and songs. The first king who used the title was [[Nongda Lairen Pakhangba]], when he became king of [[Kangla]] and started the rule of the Ningthouja dynasty. Later, in the 1700s, during the rule of [[Pamheiba]] (also called [[Gharib Niwaz]]), the kingdom changed its religion to [[Hinduism]]. After this, kings stopped using the word Meidingu and began using Sanskrit titles like '''Maharaja'''. == Historical change == Many researchers say that the change from Meidingu to Maharaja was part of a big cultural shift. Local Meitei traditions were replaced with Hindu customs. Kings began to use Hindu names and added the name "Singh" at the end of their names. == Related pages == * [[List of Manipuri kings]] * [[Cheitharol Kumbaba]] * [[Pamheiba]] * [[Sanamahism]] * [[Ningthouja dynasty]] == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://rajpub.com/index.php/jal/article/download/2080/6527/10628 Transformation of Meitei Naming System – RajPub] * [https://e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?ch=manipur&src=Singh_Title_in_the_Meitei_name_of_Manipur_By_Okram_Kumar&sub1=Ethnic_Races_Manipur Singh Title in the Meitei name – E-Pao] 845qvnek9k4ia942wpqbo34xc018p9k 10369320 10369314 2025-07-03T09:42:57Z Victor Ningthemcha 1603674 /* Usage */ 10369320 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Meidingu''' or '''Meedingu''' ({{Langx|omp|ꯃꯤꯇꯤꯉꯨ|Meetingu}}) is an indigenous royal title used by the kings of the [[Meitei people]] in [[Kangleipak]] (present-day [[Manipur]]).<ref>{{cite web|title=Post Historical Kings of Manipur|url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?ch=manipur&src=Post_Historical_Kings_of_Manipur&sub1=History_of_Manipur|access-date=1 July 2025|website=E-Pao}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Khumukcham|first=Robert|date=24 May 2020|title=Know the Meetei|url=https://imphaltimes.com/articles/know-the-meetei/|access-date=1 July 2025|website=Imphal Times}}</ref> It was traditionally used prior to the [[Puya Mei Thaba|Sanskritisation of Manipur]] in the 18th century<ref name=":0">{{cite journal|last=Paonam|first=Bidyarani|year=2021|title=Refashioning Kingship in Manipur in the 18th Century|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/12/12/1041|journal=Religions|volume=12|issue=12|pages=1041|doi=10.3390/rel12121041}}</ref> == Etymology == The word '''Meidingu''' comes from two Meitei words. '''Mei''' (ꯃꯩ) is a short form of "Meitei", which first referred to the people of the [[Ningthouja dynasty]] (also called the [[Mangang]] clan).<ref>{{cite web |last=Khumukcham |first=Robert |title=Know the Meetei |url=https://imphaltimes.com/articles/know-the-meetei/ |website=Imphal Times |date=24 May 2020 |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> '''Dingu''' (ꯗꯤꯡꯒꯨ) means "ruler" or "great king".<ref name=":0" /> So, Meidingu means "King of the Meiteis" or "Supreme ruler of the Meitei kingdom".<ref>{{cite web |title=Post Historical Kings of Manipur |url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?ch=manipur&src=Post_Historical_Kings_of_Manipur&sub1=History_of_Manipur |website=E-Pao |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> == Usage == The title ''Meidingu'' was used by the kings of the [[Ningthouja dynasty]] and other minor principalities in early [[Manipur]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Past Historical Kings of Manipur |url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.Post_Historical_Kings_of_Manipur |website=E‑Pao |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> The term appears in old chronicles, temple inscriptions, and folk songs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Feudalism in Pre‑Colonial Manipur |url=https://kanglaonline.in/2010/11/feudalism-in-pre-colonial-manipur/ |website=KanglaOnline |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> The first monarch recorded to use ''Meidingu'' was [[Nongda Lairen Pakhangba]], upon his ascent to the throne at [[Kangla]] and the founding of the Ningthouja line.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kings of Manipur|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.Kings_of_Manipur|access-date=2025-07-03|website=e-pao.net}}</ref> In the early 18th century, under [[Pamheiba]] (also known as [[Gharib Niwaz]]), the kingdom adopted [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Hinduism in Manipur |url=https://imphaltimes.com/articles/hinduism-in-manipur/ |website=Imphal Times |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> Following this cultural shift, traditional titles like ''Meidingu'' were gradually replaced by Sanskritized royal titles such as ''Maharaja''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Don Bosco Centre for Indigenous Cultures – Meidingu Pamheiba |url=https://dbcic.org/alcoves/ |website=DBCIC |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> == Historical change == Many researchers say that the change from Meidingu to Maharaja was part of a big cultural shift. Local Meitei traditions were replaced with Hindu customs. Kings began to use Hindu names and added the name "Singh" at the end of their names. == Related pages == * [[List of Manipuri kings]] * [[Cheitharol Kumbaba]] * [[Pamheiba]] * [[Sanamahism]] * [[Ningthouja dynasty]] == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://rajpub.com/index.php/jal/article/download/2080/6527/10628 Transformation of Meitei Naming System – RajPub] * [https://e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?ch=manipur&src=Singh_Title_in_the_Meitei_name_of_Manipur_By_Okram_Kumar&sub1=Ethnic_Races_Manipur Singh Title in the Meitei name – E-Pao] abaebrh8ozlry7wzjblmkt1ax5rh4j4 10369326 10369320 2025-07-03T09:45:13Z Victor Ningthemcha 1603674 /* Historical change */ 10369326 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Meidingu''' or '''Meedingu''' ({{Langx|omp|ꯃꯤꯇꯤꯉꯨ|Meetingu}}) is an indigenous royal title used by the kings of the [[Meitei people]] in [[Kangleipak]] (present-day [[Manipur]]).<ref>{{cite web|title=Post Historical Kings of Manipur|url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?ch=manipur&src=Post_Historical_Kings_of_Manipur&sub1=History_of_Manipur|access-date=1 July 2025|website=E-Pao}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Khumukcham|first=Robert|date=24 May 2020|title=Know the Meetei|url=https://imphaltimes.com/articles/know-the-meetei/|access-date=1 July 2025|website=Imphal Times}}</ref> It was traditionally used prior to the [[Puya Mei Thaba|Sanskritisation of Manipur]] in the 18th century<ref name=":0">{{cite journal|last=Paonam|first=Bidyarani|year=2021|title=Refashioning Kingship in Manipur in the 18th Century|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/12/12/1041|journal=Religions|volume=12|issue=12|pages=1041|doi=10.3390/rel12121041}}</ref> == Etymology == The word '''Meidingu''' comes from two Meitei words. '''Mei''' (ꯃꯩ) is a short form of "Meitei", which first referred to the people of the [[Ningthouja dynasty]] (also called the [[Mangang]] clan).<ref>{{cite web |last=Khumukcham |first=Robert |title=Know the Meetei |url=https://imphaltimes.com/articles/know-the-meetei/ |website=Imphal Times |date=24 May 2020 |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> '''Dingu''' (ꯗꯤꯡꯒꯨ) means "ruler" or "great king".<ref name=":0" /> So, Meidingu means "King of the Meiteis" or "Supreme ruler of the Meitei kingdom".<ref>{{cite web |title=Post Historical Kings of Manipur |url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?ch=manipur&src=Post_Historical_Kings_of_Manipur&sub1=History_of_Manipur |website=E-Pao |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> == Usage == The title ''Meidingu'' was used by the kings of the [[Ningthouja dynasty]] and other minor principalities in early [[Manipur]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Past Historical Kings of Manipur |url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.Post_Historical_Kings_of_Manipur |website=E‑Pao |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> The term appears in old chronicles, temple inscriptions, and folk songs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Feudalism in Pre‑Colonial Manipur |url=https://kanglaonline.in/2010/11/feudalism-in-pre-colonial-manipur/ |website=KanglaOnline |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> The first monarch recorded to use ''Meidingu'' was [[Nongda Lairen Pakhangba]], upon his ascent to the throne at [[Kangla]] and the founding of the Ningthouja line.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kings of Manipur|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.Kings_of_Manipur|access-date=2025-07-03|website=e-pao.net}}</ref> In the early 18th century, under [[Pamheiba]] (also known as [[Gharib Niwaz]]), the kingdom adopted [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Hinduism in Manipur |url=https://imphaltimes.com/articles/hinduism-in-manipur/ |website=Imphal Times |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> Following this cultural shift, traditional titles like ''Meidingu'' were gradually replaced by Sanskritized royal titles such as ''Maharaja''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Don Bosco Centre for Indigenous Cultures – Meidingu Pamheiba |url=https://dbcic.org/alcoves/ |website=DBCIC |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> == Historical change == Many scholars point out that the shift from the indigenous title ''Meidingu'' to the Sanskritized title ''Maharaja'' marked a major cultural transformation in Manipur. This change took place during the reign of [[Pamheiba]] (also known as Gharib Niwaz) in the 18th century, when the kingdom formally adopted [[Vaishnavism]] as the state religion.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Paonam |first=Bidyarani |title=Refashioning Kingship in Manipur in the 18th Century |journal=Religions |volume=12 |issue=12 |pages=1041 |year=2021 |doi=10.3390/rel12121041 |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/12/12/1041}}</ref> With the introduction of Hindu customs, local Meitei traditions and indigenous naming systems were gradually replaced. Monarchs began to take Hindu names and adopted the suffix "Singh"—a Sanskritic title meaning "lion"—at the end of their names.<ref>{{cite web |last=Khumukcham |first=Robert |title=Know the Meetei |url=https://imphaltimes.com/articles/know-the-meetei/ |website=Imphal Times |date=24 May 2020 |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hinduism in Manipur |url=https://imphaltimes.com/articles/hinduism-in-manipur/ |website=Imphal Times |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> This era of religious and cultural reform led to the decline of native titles like ''Meidingu'', as the royal court embraced Sanskritised forms of address and ritual aligned with the new Vaishnavite identity of the kingdom. == Related pages == * [[List of Manipuri kings]] * [[Cheitharol Kumbaba]] * [[Pamheiba]] * [[Sanamahism]] * [[Ningthouja dynasty]] == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://rajpub.com/index.php/jal/article/download/2080/6527/10628 Transformation of Meitei Naming System – RajPub] * [https://e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?ch=manipur&src=Singh_Title_in_the_Meitei_name_of_Manipur_By_Okram_Kumar&sub1=Ethnic_Races_Manipur Singh Title in the Meitei name – E-Pao] ete11knx04skmzcc0r2j5o4yxdt4cy1 10369330 10369326 2025-07-03T09:47:51Z Victor Ningthemcha 1603674 Finished up 10369330 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Meidingu''' or '''Meedingu''' ({{Langx|omp|ꯃꯤꯇꯤꯉꯨ|Meetingu}}) is a native royal title used by the kings of the [[Meitei people]] in [[Kangleipak]] (now called [[Manipur]]).<ref>{{cite web|title=Post Historical Kings of Manipur|url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?ch=manipur&src=Post_Historical_Kings_of_Manipur&sub1=History_of_Manipur|access-date=1 July 2025|website=E-Pao}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Khumukcham|first=Robert|date=24 May 2020|title=Know the Meetei|url=https://imphaltimes.com/articles/know-the-meetei/|access-date=1 July 2025|website=Imphal Times}}</ref> The title was used before the [[Puya Mei Thaba|Sanskritisation of Manipur]] in the 1700s.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal|last=Paonam|first=Bidyarani|year=2021|title=Refashioning Kingship in Manipur in the 18th Century|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/12/12/1041|journal=Religions|volume=12|issue=12|pages=1041|doi=10.3390/rel12121041}}</ref> == Etymology == The name '''Meidingu''' comes from two Meitei words. '''Mei''' (ꯃꯩ) is a short form of "Meitei", which first meant the people of the [[Ningthouja dynasty]] (also called the [[Mangang]] clan).<ref>{{cite web |last=Khumukcham |first=Robert |title=Know the Meetei |url=https://imphaltimes.com/articles/know-the-meetei/ |website=Imphal Times |date=24 May 2020 |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> '''Dingu''' (ꯗꯤꯡꯒꯨ) means "ruler" or "great king".<ref name=":0" /> So, Meidingu means "King of the Meiteis" or "Main ruler of the Meitei kingdom".<ref>{{cite web |title=Post Historical Kings of Manipur |url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?ch=manipur&src=Post_Historical_Kings_of_Manipur&sub1=History_of_Manipur |website=E-Pao |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> == Usage == The title ''Meidingu'' was used by the kings of the [[Ningthouja dynasty]] and other small kingdoms in old [[Manipur]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Past Historical Kings of Manipur |url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.Post_Historical_Kings_of_Manipur |website=E‑Pao |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> The word can be found in old books, temple writings, and songs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Feudalism in Pre‑Colonial Manipur |url=https://kanglaonline.in/2010/11/feudalism-in-pre-colonial-manipur/ |website=KanglaOnline |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> The first known king who used the title was [[Nongda Lairen Pakhangba]], who became king of [[Kangla]] and started the rule of the Ningthouja kings.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kings of Manipur|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.Kings_of_Manipur|access-date=2025-07-03|website=e-pao.net}}</ref> In the 1700s, during the rule of [[Pamheiba]] (also called [[Gharib Niwaz]]), Manipur changed its religion to [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Hinduism in Manipur |url=https://imphaltimes.com/articles/hinduism-in-manipur/ |website=Imphal Times |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> After this, the Meitei kings started using new royal names from Sanskrit like ''Maharaja'' instead of ''Meidingu''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Don Bosco Centre for Indigenous Cultures – Meidingu Pamheiba |url=https://dbcic.org/alcoves/ |website=DBCIC |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> == Historical change == Many researchers say that the change from ''Meidingu'' to ''Maharaja'' was part of a big cultural change in Manipur. This happened when King [[Pamheiba]] changed the religion of the kingdom to [[Vaishnavism]], a type of Hinduism.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Paonam |first=Bidyarani |title=Refashioning Kingship in Manipur in the 18th Century |journal=Religions |volume=12 |issue=12 |pages=1041 |year=2021 |doi=10.3390/rel12121041 |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/12/12/1041}}</ref> After that, many local Meitei traditions were replaced with Hindu customs. The kings began to use Hindu names and started adding the word "Singh" to their names.<ref>{{cite web |last=Khumukcham |first=Robert |title=Know the Meetei |url=https://imphaltimes.com/articles/know-the-meetei/ |website=Imphal Times |date=24 May 2020 |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hinduism in Manipur |url=https://imphaltimes.com/articles/hinduism-in-manipur/ |website=Imphal Times |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> The old title ''Meidingu'' slowly stopped being used as the royal court accepted the new culture. == Related pages == * [[List of Manipuri kings]] * [[Cheitharol Kumbaba]] * [[Pamheiba]] * [[Sanamahism]] * [[Ningthouja dynasty]] == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://rajpub.com/index.php/jal/article/download/2080/6527/10628 Transformation of Meitei Naming System – RajPub] * [https://e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?ch=manipur&src=Singh_Title_in_the_Meitei_name_of_Manipur_By_Okram_Kumar&sub1=Ethnic_Races_Manipur Singh Title in the Meitei name – E-Pao] 4h7e42jbvfkct9rr5ivs4vuw8oi43gs 10369331 10369330 2025-07-03T09:48:20Z Victor Ningthemcha 1603674 Victor Ningthemcha moved page [[User:Victor Ningthemcha/Meidingu]] to [[Meidingu]]: Finished up 10369330 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Meidingu''' or '''Meedingu''' ({{Langx|omp|ꯃꯤꯇꯤꯉꯨ|Meetingu}}) is a native royal title used by the kings of the [[Meitei people]] in [[Kangleipak]] (now called [[Manipur]]).<ref>{{cite web|title=Post Historical Kings of Manipur|url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?ch=manipur&src=Post_Historical_Kings_of_Manipur&sub1=History_of_Manipur|access-date=1 July 2025|website=E-Pao}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Khumukcham|first=Robert|date=24 May 2020|title=Know the Meetei|url=https://imphaltimes.com/articles/know-the-meetei/|access-date=1 July 2025|website=Imphal Times}}</ref> The title was used before the [[Puya Mei Thaba|Sanskritisation of Manipur]] in the 1700s.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal|last=Paonam|first=Bidyarani|year=2021|title=Refashioning Kingship in Manipur in the 18th Century|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/12/12/1041|journal=Religions|volume=12|issue=12|pages=1041|doi=10.3390/rel12121041}}</ref> == Etymology == The name '''Meidingu''' comes from two Meitei words. '''Mei''' (ꯃꯩ) is a short form of "Meitei", which first meant the people of the [[Ningthouja dynasty]] (also called the [[Mangang]] clan).<ref>{{cite web |last=Khumukcham |first=Robert |title=Know the Meetei |url=https://imphaltimes.com/articles/know-the-meetei/ |website=Imphal Times |date=24 May 2020 |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> '''Dingu''' (ꯗꯤꯡꯒꯨ) means "ruler" or "great king".<ref name=":0" /> So, Meidingu means "King of the Meiteis" or "Main ruler of the Meitei kingdom".<ref>{{cite web |title=Post Historical Kings of Manipur |url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?ch=manipur&src=Post_Historical_Kings_of_Manipur&sub1=History_of_Manipur |website=E-Pao |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> == Usage == The title ''Meidingu'' was used by the kings of the [[Ningthouja dynasty]] and other small kingdoms in old [[Manipur]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Past Historical Kings of Manipur |url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.Post_Historical_Kings_of_Manipur |website=E‑Pao |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> The word can be found in old books, temple writings, and songs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Feudalism in Pre‑Colonial Manipur |url=https://kanglaonline.in/2010/11/feudalism-in-pre-colonial-manipur/ |website=KanglaOnline |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> The first known king who used the title was [[Nongda Lairen Pakhangba]], who became king of [[Kangla]] and started the rule of the Ningthouja kings.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kings of Manipur|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.Kings_of_Manipur|access-date=2025-07-03|website=e-pao.net}}</ref> In the 1700s, during the rule of [[Pamheiba]] (also called [[Gharib Niwaz]]), Manipur changed its religion to [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Hinduism in Manipur |url=https://imphaltimes.com/articles/hinduism-in-manipur/ |website=Imphal Times |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> After this, the Meitei kings started using new royal names from Sanskrit like ''Maharaja'' instead of ''Meidingu''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Don Bosco Centre for Indigenous Cultures – Meidingu Pamheiba |url=https://dbcic.org/alcoves/ |website=DBCIC |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> == Historical change == Many researchers say that the change from ''Meidingu'' to ''Maharaja'' was part of a big cultural change in Manipur. This happened when King [[Pamheiba]] changed the religion of the kingdom to [[Vaishnavism]], a type of Hinduism.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Paonam |first=Bidyarani |title=Refashioning Kingship in Manipur in the 18th Century |journal=Religions |volume=12 |issue=12 |pages=1041 |year=2021 |doi=10.3390/rel12121041 |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/12/12/1041}}</ref> After that, many local Meitei traditions were replaced with Hindu customs. The kings began to use Hindu names and started adding the word "Singh" to their names.<ref>{{cite web |last=Khumukcham |first=Robert |title=Know the Meetei |url=https://imphaltimes.com/articles/know-the-meetei/ |website=Imphal Times |date=24 May 2020 |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hinduism in Manipur |url=https://imphaltimes.com/articles/hinduism-in-manipur/ |website=Imphal Times |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> The old title ''Meidingu'' slowly stopped being used as the royal court accepted the new culture. == Related pages == * [[List of Manipuri kings]] * [[Cheitharol Kumbaba]] * [[Pamheiba]] * [[Sanamahism]] * [[Ningthouja dynasty]] == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://rajpub.com/index.php/jal/article/download/2080/6527/10628 Transformation of Meitei Naming System – RajPub] * [https://e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?ch=manipur&src=Singh_Title_in_the_Meitei_name_of_Manipur_By_Okram_Kumar&sub1=Ethnic_Races_Manipur Singh Title in the Meitei name – E-Pao] 4h7e42jbvfkct9rr5ivs4vuw8oi43gs 10369336 10369331 2025-07-03T09:58:49Z Victor Ningthemcha 1603674 Added categories 10369336 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Meidingu''' or '''Meedingu''' ({{Langx|omp|ꯃꯤꯇꯤꯉꯨ|Meetingu}}) is a native royal title used by the kings of the [[Meitei people]] in [[Kangleipak]] (now called [[Manipur]]).<ref>{{cite web|title=Post Historical Kings of Manipur|url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?ch=manipur&src=Post_Historical_Kings_of_Manipur&sub1=History_of_Manipur|access-date=1 July 2025|website=E-Pao}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Khumukcham|first=Robert|date=24 May 2020|title=Know the Meetei|url=https://imphaltimes.com/articles/know-the-meetei/|access-date=1 July 2025|website=Imphal Times}}</ref> The title was used before the [[Puya Mei Thaba|Sanskritisation of Manipur]] in the 1700s.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal|last=Paonam|first=Bidyarani|year=2021|title=Refashioning Kingship in Manipur in the 18th Century|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/12/12/1041|journal=Religions|volume=12|issue=12|pages=1041|doi=10.3390/rel12121041}}</ref> == Etymology == The name '''Meidingu''' comes from two Meitei words. '''Mei''' (ꯃꯩ) is a short form of "Meitei", which first meant the people of the [[Ningthouja dynasty]] (also called the [[Mangang]] clan).<ref>{{cite web |last=Khumukcham |first=Robert |title=Know the Meetei |url=https://imphaltimes.com/articles/know-the-meetei/ |website=Imphal Times |date=24 May 2020 |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> '''Dingu''' (ꯗꯤꯡꯒꯨ) means "ruler" or "great king".<ref name=":0" /> So, Meidingu means "King of the Meiteis" or "Main ruler of the Meitei kingdom".<ref>{{cite web |title=Post Historical Kings of Manipur |url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?ch=manipur&src=Post_Historical_Kings_of_Manipur&sub1=History_of_Manipur |website=E-Pao |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> == Usage == The title ''Meidingu'' was used by the kings of the [[Ningthouja dynasty]] and other small kingdoms in old [[Manipur]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Past Historical Kings of Manipur |url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.Post_Historical_Kings_of_Manipur |website=E‑Pao |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> The word can be found in old books, temple writings, and songs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Feudalism in Pre‑Colonial Manipur |url=https://kanglaonline.in/2010/11/feudalism-in-pre-colonial-manipur/ |website=KanglaOnline |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> The first known king who used the title was [[Nongda Lairen Pakhangba]], who became king of [[Kangla]] and started the rule of the Ningthouja kings.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kings of Manipur|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.Kings_of_Manipur|access-date=2025-07-03|website=e-pao.net}}</ref> In the 1700s, during the rule of [[Pamheiba]] (also called [[Gharib Niwaz]]), Manipur changed its religion to [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Hinduism in Manipur |url=https://imphaltimes.com/articles/hinduism-in-manipur/ |website=Imphal Times |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> After this, the Meitei kings started using new royal names from Sanskrit like ''Maharaja'' instead of ''Meidingu''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Don Bosco Centre for Indigenous Cultures – Meidingu Pamheiba |url=https://dbcic.org/alcoves/ |website=DBCIC |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> == Historical change == Many researchers say that the change from ''Meidingu'' to ''Maharaja'' was part of a big cultural change in Manipur. This happened when King [[Pamheiba]] changed the religion of the kingdom to [[Vaishnavism]], a type of Hinduism.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Paonam |first=Bidyarani |title=Refashioning Kingship in Manipur in the 18th Century |journal=Religions |volume=12 |issue=12 |pages=1041 |year=2021 |doi=10.3390/rel12121041 |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/12/12/1041}}</ref> After that, many local Meitei traditions were replaced with Hindu customs. The kings began to use Hindu names and started adding the word "Singh" to their names.<ref>{{cite web |last=Khumukcham |first=Robert |title=Know the Meetei |url=https://imphaltimes.com/articles/know-the-meetei/ |website=Imphal Times |date=24 May 2020 |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hinduism in Manipur |url=https://imphaltimes.com/articles/hinduism-in-manipur/ |website=Imphal Times |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> The old title ''Meidingu'' slowly stopped being used as the royal court accepted the new culture. == Related pages == * [[List of Manipuri kings]] * [[Cheitharol Kumbaba]] * [[Pamheiba]] * [[Sanamahism]] * [[Ningthouja dynasty]] == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://rajpub.com/index.php/jal/article/download/2080/6527/10628 Transformation of Meitei Naming System – RajPub] * [https://e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?ch=manipur&src=Singh_Title_in_the_Meitei_name_of_Manipur_By_Okram_Kumar&sub1=Ethnic_Races_Manipur Singh Title in the Meitei name – E-Pao] [[Category:Kings of Manipur]] [[Category:Manipur]] [[Category:History of Manipur]] skg6ikub17pxuhc0bclauezefzbz5f7 10369343 10369336 2025-07-03T10:11:19Z Victor Ningthemcha 1603674 10369343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox hereditary title|name=Meidingu|image="Meidingu" (Modern Meitei name) and "Meitingu" (Ancient Meitei name).png|image_size=300px|caption="Meidingu" (Modern Meitei name) and "Meitingu" (Ancient Meitei name)|creation=Before 33 CE|first_holder=[[Nongda Lairen Pakhangba]]|last_holder=[[Charairongba]]|status=Replaced by Sanskrit title "Maharaja" in the 18th century|}} '''Meidingu''' or '''Meedingu''' ({{Langx|omp|ꯃꯤꯇꯤꯉꯨ|Meetingu}}) is a native royal title used by the kings of the [[Meitei people]] in [[Kangleipak]] (now called [[Manipur]]).<ref>{{cite web|title=Post Historical Kings of Manipur|url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?ch=manipur&src=Post_Historical_Kings_of_Manipur&sub1=History_of_Manipur|access-date=1 July 2025|website=E-Pao}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Khumukcham|first=Robert|date=24 May 2020|title=Know the Meetei|url=https://imphaltimes.com/articles/know-the-meetei/|access-date=1 July 2025|website=Imphal Times}}</ref> The title was used before the [[Puya Mei Thaba|Sanskritisation of Manipur]] in the 1700s.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal|last=Paonam|first=Bidyarani|year=2021|title=Refashioning Kingship in Manipur in the 18th Century|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/12/12/1041|journal=Religions|volume=12|issue=12|pages=1041|doi=10.3390/rel12121041}}</ref> == Etymology == The name '''Meidingu''' comes from two Meitei words. '''Mei''' (ꯃꯩ) is a short form of "Meitei", which first meant the people of the [[Ningthouja dynasty]] (also called the [[Mangang]] clan).<ref>{{cite web |last=Khumukcham |first=Robert |title=Know the Meetei |url=https://imphaltimes.com/articles/know-the-meetei/ |website=Imphal Times |date=24 May 2020 |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> '''Dingu''' (ꯗꯤꯡꯒꯨ) means "ruler" or "great king".<ref name=":0" /> So, Meidingu means "King of the Meiteis" or "Main ruler of the Meitei kingdom".<ref>{{cite web |title=Post Historical Kings of Manipur |url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?ch=manipur&src=Post_Historical_Kings_of_Manipur&sub1=History_of_Manipur |website=E-Pao |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> == Usage == The title ''Meidingu'' was used by the kings of the [[Ningthouja dynasty]] and other small kingdoms in old [[Manipur]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Past Historical Kings of Manipur |url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.Post_Historical_Kings_of_Manipur |website=E‑Pao |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> The word can be found in old books, temple writings, and songs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Feudalism in Pre‑Colonial Manipur |url=https://kanglaonline.in/2010/11/feudalism-in-pre-colonial-manipur/ |website=KanglaOnline |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> The first known king who used the title was [[Nongda Lairen Pakhangba]], who became king of [[Kangla]] and started the rule of the Ningthouja kings.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kings of Manipur|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.Kings_of_Manipur|access-date=2025-07-03|website=e-pao.net}}</ref> In the 1700s, during the rule of [[Pamheiba]] (also called [[Gharib Niwaz]]), Manipur changed its religion to [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Hinduism in Manipur |url=https://imphaltimes.com/articles/hinduism-in-manipur/ |website=Imphal Times |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> After this, the Meitei kings started using new royal names from Sanskrit like ''Maharaja'' instead of ''Meidingu''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Don Bosco Centre for Indigenous Cultures – Meidingu Pamheiba |url=https://dbcic.org/alcoves/ |website=DBCIC |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> == Historical change == Many researchers say that the change from ''Meidingu'' to ''Maharaja'' was part of a big cultural change in Manipur. This happened when King [[Pamheiba]] changed the religion of the kingdom to [[Vaishnavism]], a type of Hinduism.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Paonam |first=Bidyarani |title=Refashioning Kingship in Manipur in the 18th Century |journal=Religions |volume=12 |issue=12 |pages=1041 |year=2021 |doi=10.3390/rel12121041 |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/12/12/1041}}</ref> After that, many local Meitei traditions were replaced with Hindu customs. The kings began to use Hindu names and started adding the word "Singh" to their names.<ref>{{cite web |last=Khumukcham |first=Robert |title=Know the Meetei |url=https://imphaltimes.com/articles/know-the-meetei/ |website=Imphal Times |date=24 May 2020 |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hinduism in Manipur |url=https://imphaltimes.com/articles/hinduism-in-manipur/ |website=Imphal Times |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> The old title ''Meidingu'' slowly stopped being used as the royal court accepted the new culture. == Related pages == * [[List of Manipuri kings]] * [[Cheitharol Kumbaba]] * [[Pamheiba]] * [[Sanamahism]] * [[Ningthouja dynasty]] == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://rajpub.com/index.php/jal/article/download/2080/6527/10628 Transformation of Meitei Naming System – RajPub] * [https://e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?ch=manipur&src=Singh_Title_in_the_Meitei_name_of_Manipur_By_Okram_Kumar&sub1=Ethnic_Races_Manipur Singh Title in the Meitei name – E-Pao] [[Category:Kings of Manipur]] [[Category:Manipur]] [[Category:History of Manipur]] lah1g9zeh12otbpf47wvocz9mweixov 4 1201276 10368590 10365493 2025-07-03T00:36:14Z 江马 1550435 /* Discussion */ 10368590 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Cass Chiu === :{{lc|Cass Chiu}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' appears to be a case of BLP1E. Main significant thing here is top 30 in Miss Universe, however going off [[WP:ANYBIO]] she has not actually won the well-known significant award nor has she been nominated for it several times therefore fails that. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 15:07, 1 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== {{keep}}:meets wp: athlete http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2024-12/10/content_1799681.htm <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''15:07, 8 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> stsjt1tymaltocrvyd9wrwvk2x1f7pp 10368591 10368590 2025-07-03T00:37:55Z 江马 1550435 /* Discussion */ 10368591 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Cass Chiu === :{{lc|Cass Chiu}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' appears to be a case of BLP1E. Main significant thing here is top 30 in Miss Universe, however going off [[WP:ANYBIO]] she has not actually won the well-known significant award nor has she been nominated for it several times therefore fails that. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 15:07, 1 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== {{keep}}:meets wp: athlete http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2024-12/10/content_1799681.htm [[User:江马|江马]] ([[User talk:江马|talk]]) 00:37, 3 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''15:07, 8 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> mlzbagbusyp90t1hiaawgd9hn0ss3j3 10368593 10368591 2025-07-03T00:39:36Z 江马 1550435 /* Discussion */ 10368593 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Cass Chiu === :{{lc|Cass Chiu}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' appears to be a case of BLP1E. Main significant thing here is top 30 in Miss Universe, however going off [[WP:ANYBIO]] she has not actually won the well-known significant award nor has she been nominated for it several times therefore fails that. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 15:07, 1 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== {{keep}}:meets wp: athlete ;translate '曾是澳門隊壁球運動員的趙嘉晞' of [http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2024-12/10/content_1799681.htm http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2024-12/10/content_1799681.htm] to see it. [[User:江马|江马]] ([[User talk:江马|talk]]) 00:37, 3 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''15:07, 8 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> 1dd8x9gdvc8h8zgwqwwgyqnbaa827s0 10368596 10368593 2025-07-03T00:43:06Z 江马 1550435 /* Discussion */ 10368596 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Cass Chiu === :{{lc|Cass Chiu}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' appears to be a case of BLP1E. Main significant thing here is top 30 in Miss Universe, however going off [[WP:ANYBIO]] she has not actually won the well-known significant award nor has she been nominated for it several times therefore fails that. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 15:07, 1 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== {{keep}}: It meets [[WP:ATHLETE]]; translate '曾是澳門隊壁球運動員的趙嘉晞' found on [http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2024-12/10/content_1799681.htm http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2024-12/10/content_1799681.htm] to see that. [[User:江马|江马]] ([[User talk:江马|talk]]) 00:37, 3 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''15:07, 8 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> b1u4cffvcwyt849pkno5dx8hfm1rfm1 10368599 10368596 2025-07-03T00:44:56Z 江马 1550435 /* Discussion */ 10368599 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Cass Chiu === :{{lc|Cass Chiu}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' appears to be a case of BLP1E. Main significant thing here is top 30 in Miss Universe, however going off [[WP:ANYBIO]] she has not actually won the well-known significant award nor has she been nominated for it several times therefore fails that. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 15:07, 1 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== {{keep}}: It meets [[WP:ATHLETE]]; translate '曾是澳門隊壁球運動員的趙嘉晞很注重身心健康' found on [http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2024-12/10/content_1799681.htm http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2024-12/10/content_1799681.htm] to see that. [[User:江马|江马]] ([[User talk:江马|talk]]) 00:37, 3 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''15:07, 8 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> fee38zxccimr9kv8kki5s4lc2smu8z3 10368602 10368599 2025-07-03T00:47:11Z Fr33kman 15149 /* Discussion */ d 10368602 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Cass Chiu === :{{lc|Cass Chiu}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' appears to be a case of BLP1E. Main significant thing here is top 30 in Miss Universe, however going off [[WP:ANYBIO]] she has not actually won the well-known significant award nor has she been nominated for it several times therefore fails that. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 15:07, 1 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== {{keep}}: It meets [[WP:ATHLETE]]; translate '曾是澳門隊壁球運動員的趙嘉晞很注重身心健康' found on [http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2024-12/10/content_1799681.htm http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2024-12/10/content_1799681.htm] to see that. [[User:江马|江马]] ([[User talk:江马|talk]]) 00:37, 3 July 2025 (UTC) *{{vd}} not notable, fails GNG and Athlete '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:47, 3 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''15:07, 8 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> 99j9kd2ef55wlx4ogryoscjn4uzmmm4 10368653 10368602 2025-07-03T01:47:51Z Auntof6 22027 /* Discussion */ formatting 10368653 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Cass Chiu === :{{lc|Cass Chiu}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Cass Chiu|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' appears to be a case of BLP1E. Main significant thing here is top 30 in Miss Universe, however going off [[WP:ANYBIO]] she has not actually won the well-known significant award nor has she been nominated for it several times therefore fails that. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 15:07, 1 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *{{keep}}: It meets [[WP:ATHLETE]]; translate '曾是澳門隊壁球運動員的趙嘉晞很注重身心健康' found on [http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2024-12/10/content_1799681.htm http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2024-12/10/content_1799681.htm] to see that. [[User:江马|江马]] ([[User talk:江马|talk]]) 00:37, 3 July 2025 (UTC) *{{vd}} not notable, fails GNG and Athlete '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:47, 3 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''15:07, 8 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> l1feq28chjsljgpd8ziq1c1xdxt1bj5 4 1201335 10369006 10365909 2025-07-03T05:44:57Z Mark Rekon 1624016 10369006 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Brenda Abdelall === :{{lc|Brenda Abdelall}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brenda Abdelall|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' All references appear to be about Abdelall becoming a Deputy Director for Arab American Outreach, but this is one event and does not show notability. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 18:58, 1 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *'''Keep''' Brenda Abdelall meets notability guidelines based on her prominent public service and verifiable media coverage. She served as Assistant Secretary for Partnership and Engagement at the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, a senior-level role in a major federal agency. Her work has been covered by reliable sources, including [https://www.arabnews.com/node/2569227/world Arab News], [https://www.usnews.com/news/top-news/articles/2024-08-28/harris-campaign-hires-egyptian-american-lawyer-for-arab-voter-outreach US News (via Reuters)], and [https://www.timesofisrael.com/harriss-director-of-arab-american-outreach-once-said-zionists-control-politics/ Times of Israel]. She also plays a key role in the 2024 U.S. presidential campaign as Arab-American outreach director for Vice President [[Kamala Harris]]. These roles are significant in public and political domains, and her work has received independent, non-trivial coverage—meeting [[WP:GNG]] and Simple Wikipedia’s notability standards. I recommend keeping the article.[[User:Mark Rekon|Mark Rekon]] ([[User talk:Mark Rekon|talk]]) 05:44, 3 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''18:58, 8 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> n9bs30b9t6g8uunafdn7f165inid7gq 10369007 10369006 2025-07-03T05:45:22Z Mark Rekon 1624016 10369007 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Brenda Abdelall === :{{lc|Brenda Abdelall}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Brenda Abdelall|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' All references appear to be about Abdelall becoming a Deputy Director for Arab American Outreach, but this is one event and does not show notability. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 18:58, 1 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *'''Keep''' Brenda Abdelall meets notability guidelines based on her prominent public service and verifiable media coverage. She served as Assistant Secretary for Partnership and Engagement at the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, a senior-level role in a major federal agency. Her work has been covered by reliable sources, including [https://www.arabnews.com/node/2569227/world Arab News], [https://www.usnews.com/news/top-news/articles/2024-08-28/harris-campaign-hires-egyptian-american-lawyer-for-arab-voter-outreach US News (via Reuters)], and [https://www.timesofisrael.com/harriss-director-of-arab-american-outreach-once-said-zionists-control-politics/ Times of Israel]. She also plays a key role in the 2024 U.S. presidential campaign as Arab-American outreach director for Vice President [[Kamala Harris]]. These roles are significant in public and political domains, and her work has received independent, non-trivial coverage—meeting [[WP:GNG]] and Simple Wikipedia’s notability standards. I recommend keeping the article.[[User:Mark Rekon|Mark Rekon]] ([[User talk:Mark Rekon|talk]]) 05:45, 3 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''18:58, 8 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> 3acn1y9vve8hfc96i7ca25w7lghwrm2 0 1201413 10368847 10366618 2025-07-03T03:22:52Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368847 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|American soccer team}} {{Use mdy dates|date=February 2019}} {{Infobox football club | clubname = Orange County SC | image = OC-Primary.png | upright = 0.6 | fullname = Orange County Soccer Club | nickname = | founded = {{start date and age|1998}} (as ''Los Angeles Blues'') | stadium = [[Championship Soccer Stadium]]<br>[[Irvine, California|Irvine]], [[California]] | capacity = 5,000 | owntitle = Owners | owner = James Keston<br>Community Ownership | coach = [[Danny Stone (footballer)|Danny Stone]] | league = [[USL Championship]] | season = [[2025 USL Championship season|2025]] | position = 6th, Western Conference<br/>Playoffs: Conference Semifinals | website = {{URL|https://www.orangecountysoccer.com/|orangecountysoccer.com}} | American = true | current = 2025 Orange County SC season | pattern_la1 = _blackborder | pattern_b1 = _collarblack | pattern_ra1 = _blackborder | pattern_sh1 = _ocsc22h | pattern_so1 = _fkmb2122a | leftarm1 = FF6600 | body1 = FF6600 | rightarm1 = FF6600 | shorts1 = 000000 | socks1 = FF6600 | pattern_la2 = _orangeborder | pattern_b2 = __left diagonal black | pattern_ra2 = _orangeborder | pattern_sh2 = | pattern_so2 = | leftarm2 = 000000 | body2 = FF6600 | rightarm2 = 000000 | shorts2 = 000000 | socks2 = 000000 | pattern_la3 = _orangeborder | pattern_b3 = _thinwhitehoops | pattern_ra3 = _orangeborder | pattern_sh3 = | pattern_so3 = | leftarm3 = | body3 = FF6600 | rightarm3 = | shorts3 = | socks3 = }} '''Orange County Soccer Club''' is an American [[association football|soccer]] team that plays in the [[Orange County, California]] city of [[Irvine, California|Irvine]]. Started in 2010 as the Los Angeles Blues, the team currently plays in the [[Western Conference (USL Championship)|Western Conference]] of the [[USL Championship]], the second level of American soccer. The team plays its home games at [[Championship Soccer Stadium]], inside [[Orange County Great Park|Great Park]] in Irvine. ==History== The then '''Los Angeles Blues''' were made by Iranian-American Ali Mansouri in 1998 and announced as a [[USL Pro]] team on December 7, 2010.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ocregister.com/2016/09/08/irvine-based-soccer-team-changes-ownership/|title=Irvine-based soccer team changes ownership|date=September 8, 2016|work=Orange County Register|access-date=June 1, 2018|archive-date=June 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615111521/https://www.ocregister.com/2016/09/08/irvine-based-soccer-team-changes-ownership/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="keston">{{Cite news|url=https://www.uslsoccer.com/news_article/show/695245-blues-purchased-by-southern-california-businessman-keston|title=Blues Purchased by Southern California Businessman Keston|author=USLSoccer.com Staff|date=September 8, 2016|work=United Soccer League|access-date=June 1, 2018|archive-date=April 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411174648/https://www.uslsoccer.com/news_article/show/695245-blues-purchased-by-southern-california-businessman-keston|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/mehrshad-momeni-consumed-by-the-game/n-4271854|title=Mehrshad Momeni: Consumed by the Game|date=August 10, 2011|work=OurSports Central|access-date=June 1, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.angelsonparade.com/2015/11/22/9776626/orange-county-blues-2015-player-postmortem-mehrshad-momeni-usl-iran-esteghlal|title=OC Blues 2015 Player Postmortem: Mehrshad Momeni|work=Angels on Parade|access-date=June 1, 2018}}</ref><ref>[http://uslpro.uslsoccer.com/home/485304.html LA Blues Set to Play in USL PRO] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101210082907/http://uslpro.uslsoccer.com/home/485304.html |date=December 10, 2010 }}</ref> The team was a part of the [[United Soccer Leagues]] [[USL W-League (1995–2015)|W-League]] team [[Pali Blues|LA Blues]], and was part of the larger Orange County Blues group, which has competed in Los Angeles-area amateur leagues since 1998.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.labluesprosoccer.com/home/487002.html |title=Los Angeles Blues Sign First Three Players |access-date=December 15, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713180758/http://www.labluesprosoccer.com/home/487002.html |archive-date=July 13, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> During the 2012 season, the Los Angeles Blues changed their name to the Orange County Blues FC. This was due to a disagreement between the club and its fans, who wanted the club to be named after the area where the club played soccer.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Register|first=Kimberly Pierceall {{!}} Orange County|date=2014-02-07|title=Professional soccer team makes move to Irvine|url=https://www.ocregister.com/2014/02/07/professional-soccer-team-makes-move-to-irvine/|access-date=2024-06-29|website=Orange County Register|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2016, the team was purchased by American businessman James Keston, rebranded to Orange County SC.<ref name="keston" /> Prior to the 2017 season, Orange County became the USL affiliate of [[Los Angeles FC]] in a multi-year deal, which was ended after 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.uslsoccer.com/news_article/show/731323-lafc-orange-county-blues-fc-announce-multi-year-partnership|title=LAFC, Orange County Blues FC Announce Multi-Year Partnership|author=USLSoccer.com Staff|date=December 7, 2016|work=United Soccer League|access-date=December 10, 2017|archive-date=December 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210175929/http://www.uslsoccer.com/news_article/show/731323-lafc-orange-county-blues-fc-announce-multi-year-partnership|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2018/12/14/lafc-announce-end-usl-affiliation-orange-county-sc|title=LAFC announce end of USL affiliation with Orange County SC|author=MLSSoccer.com Staff|date=December 14, 2018|work=Alicia Rodriguez|access-date=December 14, 2018}}</ref> In the 2021 season, Head Coach [[Braeden Cloutier|Braden Cloutier]] was let go during the season and replaced by Assistant Coach [[Richard Chaplow]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Orange County SC dismiss head coach Braeden Cloutier|url=https://www.angelsonparade.com/2021/8/19/22632730/orange-county-sc-dismiss-head-coach-braeden-cloutier|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820002529/https://www.angelsonparade.com/2021/8/19/22632730/orange-county-sc-dismiss-head-coach-braeden-cloutier|archive-date=August 20, 2021|access-date=January 12, 2022}}</ref> OCSC went on to end up second in the Pacific Division, and played in the [[2021 USL Championship Playoffs#USL Championship Final|USL Championship Final]], defeating [[Tampa Bay Rowdies]] in at [[St. Petersburg, Florida]], 3–1.<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 30, 2021|title=Orange County SC drops Rowdies to win its first USL Championship title - SBI Soccer|url=https://sbisoccer.com/2021/11/orange-county-sc-drops-rowdies-to-win-its-first-usl-championship-title|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112191742/https://sbisoccer.com/2021/11/orange-county-sc-drops-rowdies-to-win-its-first-usl-championship-title|archive-date=January 12, 2022|access-date=2022-01-12|website=sbisoccer.com|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Stadium== * [[Titan Stadium (Cal State Fullerton)|Titan Stadium]]; [[Fullerton, California]] (2011–2013) * [[Anteater Stadium]]; [[Irvine, California]] (2014–2016) * [[Championship Soccer Stadium]]; [[Irvine, California]] (2017–now) In October 2023, the City of Irvine and Orange County SC created a 5-year agreement for the team to play in Championship Soccer Stadium.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-08 |title=Orange County SC - City of Irvine - Great Park Championship Soccer Stadium Use Proposal |url=https://orangeandblacksoccercast.com/news-1/2023/10/8/orange-county-sc-city-of-irvine-championship-stadium-use-proposal |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=Orange & Black SoccerCast |language=en-US |archive-date=February 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202215212/https://orangeandblacksoccercast.com/news-1/2023/10/8/orange-county-sc-city-of-irvine-championship-stadium-use-proposal |url-status=live }}</ref> On October 23, City Council agreed to the deal. The 5-year agreement includes one 5-year renewal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=|url=https://irvine.granicus.com/DocumentViewer.php?file=irvine_abf1f033e995c906f5d334e4952c0a44.pdf&view=1|access-date=February 2, 2024|archive-date=February 2, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202215212/https://irvine.granicus.com/DocumentViewer.php?file=irvine_abf1f033e995c906f5d334e4952c0a44.pdf&view=1|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Club culture== [[File:OCSC_County_Line_Coalition_Supporter_Group_2024-08-03.jpg|left|thumb|237x237px|The County Line Coalition during an August 2024 match against [[North Carolina FC]]]] === Fan groups === Orange County has one main fan group, named the County Line Coalition.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home {{!}} County Line Coalition |url=https://countylinecoalition.wixsite.com/supporters |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=County LineCoalition |language=en |archive-date=June 18, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618205412/https://countylinecoalition.wixsite.com/supporters |url-status=live }}</ref> A fan group that was made in 2014 when the team changed their name from the Los Angeles Blues to the Orange County Blues SC,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Supporters Groups |url=https://www.orangecountysoccer.com/supporters/ |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=Orange County SC |language=en-US |archive-date=June 18, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618205411/https://www.orangecountysoccer.com/supporters/ |url-status=live }}</ref> they sit in the left corner of the team's stadium behind the north goalpost, singing songs similar to popular music, like "[[Take Me Home, Country Roads]]" by [[John Denver]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Supporter Chants|url=https://www.orangecountysoccer.com/supporter-chants/|access-date=2024-06-18|website=Orange County SC|language=en-US|archive-date=June 18, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618205411/https://www.orangecountysoccer.com/supporter-chants/|url-status=live}}</ref> === Mascot === On April 9, 2021, Orange County showed their new mascot, Gnarly.<ref>{{Cite web |title=EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW BEFORE ORANGE COUNTY SC HOSTS SAN ANTONIO |url=https://www.orangecountysoccer.com/news/2022/04/07/orange-county-sc-hosts-san-antonio/ |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=Orange County SC |language=en-US |archive-date=June 18, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618205412/https://www.orangecountysoccer.com/news/2022/04/07/orange-county-sc-hosts-san-antonio/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He is an orange monster that can be seen during games and at Orange County SC activities around the county.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Turner |first=Andrew |date=2022-08-13 |title=City of Irvine considering options for future use of Championship Soccer Stadium |url=https://www.latimes.com/socal/daily-pilot/sports/story/2022-08-12/city-of-irvine-considering-options-for-future-use-of-championship-soccer-stadium |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=Daily Pilot |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Players and staff== ===Current team=== <!--- -- Do ''not'' add new players before their signing is officially announced by the club -- and do ''not'' assign unreferenced jersey numbers as well. -- Do ''not'' create articles for new draft picks until they make either their USL or US Open Cup debut – Players with international caps should ''not'' be bolded – as per Wikipedia:WikiProject_Football/Clubs – This is Wikipedia, not a football gazette. – Any unconfirmed and unsourced signing/transfer will be reverted at sight. – Thanks in advance. ---> {{updated|June 25, 2025|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.orangecountysoccer.com/roster/|title=Roster|publisher=Orange County Soccer Club|access-date=March 10, 2025|archive-date=June 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624184716/https://www.orangecountysoccer.com/roster/|url-status=live}}</ref>}}{{fs start|nonumber=|bg=E14D3D|color=000000|border=000000}} {{Fs player|nat=USA|pos=GK|name=[[Colin Shutler]]|no=1}} {{Fs player|nat=USA|pos=DF|name=[[Grayson Doody]]|no=2}} {{Fs player|nat=USA|pos=DF|name=[[Koa Santos]]|no=3}} {{Fs player|nat=USA|pos=DF|name=[[Nico Benalcazar]]|no=4}} {{Fs player|nat=ENG|pos=DF|name=[[Tom Brewitt]]|other=[[Captain (association football)|Captain]]|no=5}} {{fs player|nat=USA|pos=MF|name=[[Kyle Scott]]|no=6}} {{Fs player|nat=USA|pos=FW|name=[[Cameron Dunbar]]|no=7}} {{Fs player|nat=SEN|pos=MF|name=[[Ousmane Sylla (Senegalese footballer)|Ousmane Sylla]]|no=8}} {{Fs player|nat=USA|pos=FW|name=[[Ethan Zubak]]|no=9}} {{Fs player|nat=USA|pos=FW|name=[[Tristan Trager]]|no=10}} {{Fs player|nat=USA|pos=FW|name=[[Bryce Jamison]]|other=on loan from [[Colorado Rapids]]|no=11}} {{Fs player|nat=USA|pos=DF|name=Pedro Guimaraes|no=13}} {{Fs player|nat=USA|pos=MF|name=[[Chris Hegardt]]|no=14}} {{Fs player|nat=SUI|pos=FW|name=[[Lyam MacKinnon]]|no=17}} {{fs mid|nonumber=|bg=E14D3D|color=000000|border=000000}} {{Fs player|nat=USA|pos=MF|name=[[Kevin Partida]]|no=19}} {{Fs player|nat=USA|pos=DF|name=[[Vuk Latinovich]]|no=20}} {{Fs player|nat=JPN|pos=FW|name=Mouhamadou War|no=21}} {{fs player|nat=NOR|pos=DF|name=[[Ryan Doghman]]|no=23}} {{Fs player|nat=USA|pos=FW|name=Benjamin Barjolo|no=24}} {{Fs player|nat=CIV|pos=FW|name=Cheick Koné|no=26}} {{Fs player|nat=SCO|pos=MF|name=[[Stephen Kelly (Scottish footballer)|Stephen Kelly]]|no=27}} {{Fs player|nat=USA|pos=MF|name=Gavan Karam|no=28}} {{Fs player|nat=USA|pos=MF|name=Oliver Kurnik|no=29}} {{Fs player|nat=USA|pos=DF|name=Daniel Garcia|no=30}} {{Fs player|nat=JPN|pos=GK|name=Tetsuya Kadono|no=31}} {{Fs player|nat=USA|pos=DF|name=Nicola Ciotta|no=32}} {{Fs player|nat=USA|pos=DF|name=Ashton Miles|no=33}} {{Fs player|nat=USA|pos=GK|name=Fernando Aguirre|no=35}} {{Fs player|nat=USA|pos=GK|name=Adoniayah Aemiro|no=}} {{fs end|nonumber=|bg=E14D3D|color=000000|border=000000}} {{Cnote2 Begin}} {{Cnote2|A|USL Academy Contract|group=1|n=1}} {{Cnote2 End}} ===Office=== * {{flagicon|USA}} James Keston – Owner & CEO<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.orangecountysoccer.com/front-office/|title=Front Office|publisher=Orange County Soccer Club|access-date=March 10, 2025}}</ref> * {{flagicon|ENG}} Peter Nugent – Sports Director * {{flagicon|ENG}} Dan Rutstein - Interim President of Business Operations ===Coaches=== * {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Danny Stone (footballer)|Danny Stone]] - Head Coach * {{flagicon|WAL}} [[Robert Earnshaw]] – Helper Coach * {{flagicon|SWI}} [[Didier Crettenand]] – Helper Coach * {{flagicon|USA}} [[Victor Nogueira]] – Goalkeeping Coach ===List of head coaches=== * {{flagicon|USA}} [[Charlie Naimo]] (2011–2012) * {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Jesus Rico-Sanz]] (2012–2013) * {{flagicon|IRN}} [[Dariush Yazdani]] (2013–2014) * {{flagicon|SWI}} [[Oliver Wyss]] (2014–2016) * {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Barry Venison]] (2016) * {{flagicon|USA}} [[Logan Pause]] (2017) * {{flagicon|USA}} [[Braeden Cloutier]] (2018–2021) * {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Richard Chaplow]] (2021–2023) * {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Morten Karlsen]] (2023–2024) * {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Paul Hardyman]] (2024) * {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Danny Stone (footballer)|Danny Stone]] (2024-) ==Record== ===Year-by-year=== {{Main|List of Orange County SC seasons}} This is a small list of the last five seasons completed by the club. For the full season-by-season history, see [[List of Orange County SC seasons]]. {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- style="background:#f0f6ff;" !rowspan=2|Season !colspan=11|League !colspan=2|Position !rowspan=2|Playoffs !rowspan=2|[[U.S. Open Cup|USOC]] ! rowspan="2" |[[CONCACAF|Continental]] / Other !rowspan=2|Average attendance !colspan=2|Top goalscorer(s) |- !Div !League !Pld !W !L !D !GF !GA !GD !Pts !PPG !Conf. !Overall !Name !Goals |- | '''[[2020 Orange County SC season|2020]]''' | rowspan="5" |2 | rowspan="5" | [[2020 USL Championship season|USLC]] | 16 || 7 || 6 || 3 || 18 || 18 || 0 || 24 | 1.50 | 9th | 17th | DNQ | [[2020 U.S. Open Cup|NH]] | rowspan="5" |DNQ | 3,188 | align="left" | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Sean Okoli]]|| 7 |- |'''[[2021 Orange County SC season|2021]]''' |32 |15 |10 |7 |44 |37 | +7 |52 |1.63 | bgcolor="silver" |2nd |7th | bgcolor="gold" |[[2021 USL Championship Playoffs|W]] |NH |3,302 | align="left" | {{flagicon|Haiti}} [[Ronaldo Damus]] |16 |- |'''[[2022 Orange County SC season|2022]]''' |34 |7 |14 |13 |49 |59 | -10 |34 |1.00 |13th |23rd |DNQ |[[2022 U.S. Open Cup|R3]] |4,230 | align="left" | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Milan Iloski]] | style="background:#FAECC8;&quot;" | 22 ♦ |- |'''[[2023 Orange County SC season|2023]]''' |34 |17 |11 |6 |46 |39 | +7 |57 |1.68 | bgcolor="silver" |2nd |5th |[[2023 USL Championship Playoffs#Schedule|SF]] |[[2023 U.S. Open Cup|R3]] | style="background:#dfd;" | 4,411 | align="left" | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Milan Iloski]] |17 |- |[[2024 Orange County SC season|'''2024''']] |34 |13 |14 |7 |40 |47 | -7 |46 |1.35 |6th |14th |[[2024 USL Championship Playoffs#Schedule|SF]] |[[2024 U.S. Open Cup|R32]] |4,138 | align="left" | {{flagicon|USA}}[[Ethan Zubak]] |11 |} <small>{{note|1}}1. '''Avg. attendance''' include statistics from league matches only.</small><br/> <small>{{note|2}}2. '''Top goalscorer(s)''' includes all goals scored in league play, playoffs, [[U.S. Open Cup]], and other competitive matches.</small> ==Honors== *'''[[USL Championship]]''' ** '''Winners:''' [[2021 USL Championship season|2021]] *'''[[Western Conference (USL)|USL Championship Western Conference]] (playoffs)''' ** '''Winners:''' [[2021 USL Championship season|2021]] *'''[[Western Conference (USL)|USL Championship Western Conference]] (regular season)''' ** '''Winners (2):''' [[2015 USL season|2015]], [[2018 USL season|2018]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commons category}} * {{Official website|https://www.orangecountysoccer.com/}} [[Category:American soccer teams]] [[Category:Sports in Los Angeles]] [[Category:USL Championship teams]] [[Category:2010 establishments in California]] pupz3dq5qj8yo1jf0bzs45n6y3gncmy 4 1201414 10368439 10367052 2025-07-02T23:10:58Z Ferien 1011873 /* Discussion */ re 10368439 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Manuel L. Quezon High School === :{{lc|Manuel L. Quezon High School}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Manuel L. Quezon High School|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Appears to fail [[:w:en:WP:NSCHOOL]]. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:22, 1 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *{{vd}} without information regarding notable athletics, notable alumni or other such factors it's hard to make a case for having an article. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:30, 1 July 2025 (UTC) *Please find my response in [[User_talk:Buszmail]] ''<small>—This unsigned comment was added by</small>''<small> [[User:Buszmail|Buszmail]] ([[User talk:Buszmail|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Buszmail|changes]]) 05:14, 2 July 2025 (UTC) (UTC)</small> *:Hi {{u|Buszmail}}, I just want to acknowledge the comment that you posted to your talk page. Articles about schools in countries outside Western ones are very much relevant so long as they pass notability guidelines &ndash; many British and American schools are deleted for failing notability guidelines too &ndash; so please note this isn't about the country the school is in, especially due to the number of non-native-English readers we have here. Kind regards, --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:10, 2 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''23:22, 8 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> ccm8eqrquzlihz0p2ecg466sn829er7 4 1201426 10367700 10366657 2025-07-02T13:37:13Z Ternera 1467751 /* Discussion */ vd 10367700 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Wikidot === :{{lc|Wikidot}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wikidot|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' non-notable wiki farm, also see [[:w:en:Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wikidot]]. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:35, 1 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *{{vd}} not notable, the only source is their own website. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 13:37, 2 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''23:35, 8 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> tuonvkq3clccnd2uy3zwi44sbor55fa 4 1201428 10367647 10366679 2025-07-02T13:03:15Z Ferien 1011873 /* Discussion */ re 10367647 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === BTSE === :{{lc|BTSE}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/BTSE|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' appears to fail [[WP:GNG]]. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:38, 1 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *'''weak keep''' many of the sources are considered to be independent and reliable but some of the pages seem to be press releases or biased in favour of the company. It then becomes an issue of claims in the article. Gaining funding of $400 million is important, the claim of the investment platforms and the apparent user base implied seems important also, as such I'm not sure it should be deleted but I'd expect more evidence supporting absolute notability if I'm honest '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:05, 2 July 2025 (UTC) *:Good point, I did some more research into the notability guidelines of cryptocurrencies/block-chain related projects in particular, and there are a few points I wasn't aware of tbh - they don't pop up too often after all I guess. *:*per [[:w:en:WP:NCRYPTO]], crypto-centric news organisations, like Coindesk (which is used in the article) cannot establish notability, invalidating refs 1, 7, 8, 12 and 15. *:*on the essay enwp have on cryptocurrency notability, [[:w:en:Wikipedia:Notability (cryptocurrencies)#Arguments to avoid]], market capitalisation and capital funds is an argument to avoid *:Going through all of the references, I still think notability is not shown: *:#Cannot establish notability per [[:w:en:WP:NCRYPTO]] *:#A paywalled source that I cannot see *:#A completely irrelevant source - I downloaded it and there is not one mention of BTSE *:#Feels very promotional *:#A bit better but still just feels like a press release *:#Basically transcludes [https://www.accessnewswire.com/631890/BTSE-Introduces-Earn-Feature-for-Crypto-Assets] onto Yahoo Finance which feels promotional and even has the contact details for BTSE's marketing specialist at the bottom *:#Cannot establish notability per [[:w:en:WP:NCRYPTO]] *:#Cannot establish notability per [[:w:en:WP:NCRYPTO]] *:#Very similar to 6, just promotional *:#This is a profile for "WOOTRADE", so appears to be irrelevant *:#Here, even the author is put as "BTSE Holdings Limited" for this Yahoo Finance news post, showing this is certainly a press release *:#Cannot establish notability per [[:w:en:WP:NCRYPTO]] *:#Establishes that they've won the Fintech Award for Best Crypto Trading Technology. Reading [[Fintech awards]], it appears there are 6 different award cerenomies on an annual basis. With 25 awards presented at the Dubai one, that's over 100 different Fintech awards given each year, so I do not think this shows notability. *:#Another press release *:#Cannot establish notability per [[:w:en:WP:NCRYPTO]] *:#self-admitted press release *:#Again author is "BTSE Holding Limited" showing a press release --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 13:03, 2 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''23:38, 8 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> 0n2tfu3i9u6odlakuoo91fdkg8c3aeb 10368803 10367647 2025-07-03T02:56:38Z Fr33kman 15149 /* Discussion */ d 10368803 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === BTSE === :{{lc|BTSE}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/BTSE|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' appears to fail [[WP:GNG]]. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:38, 1 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *'''<s>weak keep</s> delete''' many of the sources are considered to be independent and reliable but some of the pages seem to be press releases or biased in favour of the company. It then becomes an issue of claims in the article. Gaining funding of $400 million is important, the claim of the investment platforms and the apparent user base implied seems important also, as such I'm not sure it should be deleted but I'd expect more evidence supporting absolute notability if I'm honest '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:05, 2 July 2025 (UTC) *:Good point, I did some more research into the notability guidelines of cryptocurrencies/block-chain related projects in particular, and there are a few points I wasn't aware of tbh - they don't pop up too often after all I guess. *:*per [[:w:en:WP:NCRYPTO]], crypto-centric news organisations, like Coindesk (which is used in the article) cannot establish notability, invalidating refs 1, 7, 8, 12 and 15. *:*on the essay enwp have on cryptocurrency notability, [[:w:en:Wikipedia:Notability (cryptocurrencies)#Arguments to avoid]], market capitalisation and capital funds is an argument to avoid *:Going through all of the references, I still think notability is not shown: *:#Cannot establish notability per [[:w:en:WP:NCRYPTO]] *:#A paywalled source that I cannot see *:#A completely irrelevant source - I downloaded it and there is not one mention of BTSE *:#Feels very promotional *:#A bit better but still just feels like a press release *:#Basically transcludes [https://www.accessnewswire.com/631890/BTSE-Introduces-Earn-Feature-for-Crypto-Assets] onto Yahoo Finance which feels promotional and even has the contact details for BTSE's marketing specialist at the bottom *:#Cannot establish notability per [[:w:en:WP:NCRYPTO]] *:#Cannot establish notability per [[:w:en:WP:NCRYPTO]] *:#Very similar to 6, just promotional *:#This is a profile for "WOOTRADE", so appears to be irrelevant *:#Here, even the author is put as "BTSE Holdings Limited" for this Yahoo Finance news post, showing this is certainly a press release *:#Cannot establish notability per [[:w:en:WP:NCRYPTO]] *:#Establishes that they've won the Fintech Award for Best Crypto Trading Technology. Reading [[Fintech awards]], it appears there are 6 different award cerenomies on an annual basis. With 25 awards presented at the Dubai one, that's over 100 different Fintech awards given each year, so I do not think this shows notability. *:#Another press release *:#Cannot establish notability per [[:w:en:WP:NCRYPTO]] *:#self-admitted press release *:#Again author is "BTSE Holding Limited" showing a press release --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 13:03, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :::you make some good points, now I'm leaning to delete '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 02:56, 3 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''23:38, 8 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> jjue8b6dwz0fwqmypy27bxqweqh0j9b 0 1201435 10369112 10366762 2025-07-03T07:45:28Z 180.150.36.182 10369112 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album | name = Believer | type = studio | artist = [[Kutless]] | cover = | released = February 28, 2012 | recorded = | studio = | genre = [[Christian rock]], [[Alternative rock|Christian alternative rock]] | length = 46:27 | label = BEC | producer = | prev_title = It Is Well | prev_year = 2009 | next_title = [[Glory (Kutless album)|Glory]] | next_year = 2014 }} '''''Believer''''' is the seventh studio album by [[Kutless]]. The album was released on February 28, 2012. ==Track listing== {{Track listing | title1 = If It Ends Today | length1 = 3:26 | title2 = Carry On | length2 = 3:42 | title3 = All Yours | length3 = 3:36 | title4 = Even If | length4 = 3:40 | title5 = Hero | length5 = 3:30 | title6 = Identity | length6 = 3:16 | title7 = Need | length7 = 3:33 | title8 = Come Back Home | length8 = 3:30 | title9 = This Is Love | length9 = 3:20 | title10 = Gravity | length10 = 3:26 | title11 = I'm With You | length11 = 3:47 | title12 = Believer | length12 = 4:11 | title13 = Carry Me to the Cross | length13 = 3:30 | total_length = 46:27 }} ==References== {{reflist}} {{music-stub}} [[Category:2012 albums]] [[Category:Christian albums]] j7hvwsqx5cyx7023vivhfgd58t5uv8m 0 1201445 10369447 10367429 2025-07-03T11:32:32Z 50.29.112.38 /* See also */Wow 10369447 wikitext text/x-wiki {{BLP unsourced|date=July 2025}} '''Katherine Quaye''' (born 1963), better known by her stage name '''Taffy''', is an English hi-NRG and [[Italo disco]] singer from Deptford, London, best known for her 1980s hit, "I Love My Radio". The song was produced by [[:en:Claudio Cecchetto|Claudio Cecchetto]], who was behind all her previous hits in [[Italy]]. It was released in the [[United Kingdom]] by Rhythm King's Transglobal Records, both part of Mute Records in those days, and was originally a hit in Italy in 1985. The song's sentiments were about a disc jockey broadcasting in the early hours. As very few radio stations in the United Kingdom broadcast after midnight in the late 1980s, this reference in the record was changed. A re-recorded version called "I Love My Radio (Dee Jay's Radio)" was released instead. This is the version that reached No. 6 on the UK Singles Chart. "Step by Step", a [[:en:Silver Pozzoli|Silver Pozzoli]] cover, was a minor hit in the UK reaching No. 59 in 1987. A second version featured a remix by a pre-S'Express Mark Moore was released as Step By Step (Moore Heavenly Mix). Taffy sang on [[:en:Ferry Aid|Ferry Aid]]'s charity cover of "Let It Be" in 1987. ==See also== *[[Spagna]] *[[Valerie Dore]] *[[Sabrina Salerno]] *[[Tracy Spencer]] *[[Princess (singer)|Princess]] *[[Zeca Pagodinho]] *[[Sinitta]] *[[Donna Summer]] {{music-stub}} {{bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Taffy}} [[Category:1963 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:British singers]] {{authority control}} 4iococux4aye31zj156qmpayyvmiaq5 10369448 10369447 2025-07-03T11:32:39Z 50.29.112.38 10369448 wikitext text/x-wiki {{BLP unsourced|date=July 2025}} '''Katherine Quaye''' (born 1963), better known by her stage name '''Taffy''', is an English hi-NRG and [[Italo disco]] singer from Deptford, London, best known for her 1980s hit, "I Love My Radio".d The song was produced by [[:en:Claudio Cecchetto|Claudio Cecchetto]], who was behind all her previous hits in [[Italy]]. It was released in the [[United Kingdom]] by Rhythm King's Transglobal Records, both part of Mute Records in those days, and was originally a hit in Italy in 1985. The song's sentiments were about a disc jockey broadcasting in the early hours. As very few radio stations in the United Kingdom broadcast after midnight in the late 1980s, this reference in the record was changed. A re-recorded version called "I Love My Radio (Dee Jay's Radio)" was released instead. This is the version that reached No. 6 on the UK Singles Chart. "Step by Step", a [[:en:Silver Pozzoli|Silver Pozzoli]] cover, was a minor hit in the UK reaching No. 59 in 1987. A second version featured a remix by a pre-S'Express Mark Moore was released as Step By Step (Moore Heavenly Mix). Taffy sang on [[:en:Ferry Aid|Ferry Aid]]'s charity cover of "Let It Be" in 1987. ==See also== *[[Spagna]] *[[Valerie Dore]] *[[Sabrina Salerno]] *[[Tracy Spencer]] *[[Princess (singer)|Princess]] *[[Zeca Pagodinho]] *[[Sinitta]] *[[Donna Summer]] {{music-stub}} {{bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Taffy}} [[Category:1963 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:British singers]] {{authority control}} ogf4g4xsrgkb7c7u8ej80xrtp7evv16 10369449 10369448 2025-07-03T11:32:46Z 50.29.112.38 Wow 10369449 wikitext text/x-wiki {{BLP unsourced|date=July 2025}} '''Katherine Quaye''' (born 1963), better known by her stage name '''Taffy''', is an English hi-NRG and [[Italo disco]] singer from Deptford, London, best known for her 1980s hit, "I Love My Radio". The song was produced by [[:en:Claudio Cecchetto|Claudio Cecchetto]], who was behind all her previous hits in [[Italy]]. It was released in the [[United Kingdom]] by Rhythm King's Transglobal Records, both part of Mute Records in those days, and was originally a hit in Italy in 1985. The song's sentiments were about a disc jockey broadcasting in the early hours. As very few radio stations in the United Kingdom broadcast after midnight in the late 1980s, this reference in the record was changed. A re-recorded version called "I Love My Radio (Dee Jay's Radio)" was released instead. This is the version that reached No. 6 on the UK Singles Chart. "Step by Step", a [[:en:Silver Pozzoli|Silver Pozzoli]] cover, was a minor hit in the UK reaching No. 59 in 1987. A second version featured a remix by a pre-S'Express Mark Moore was released as Step By Step (Moore Heavenly Mix). Taffy sang on [[:en:Ferry Aid|Ferry Aid]]'s charity cover of "Let It Be" in 1987. ==See also== *[[Spagna]] *[[Valerie Dore]] *[[Sabrina Salerno]] *[[Tracy Spencer]] *[[Princess (singer)|Princess]] *[[Zeca Pagodinho]] *[[Sinitta]] *[[Donna Summer]] {{music-stub}} {{bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Taffy}} [[Category:1963 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:British singers]] {{authority control}} 4iococux4aye31zj156qmpayyvmiaq5 10369476 10369449 2025-07-03T11:42:31Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 /* See also */ irrelevant 10369476 wikitext text/x-wiki {{BLP unsourced|date=July 2025}} '''Katherine Quaye''' (born 1963), better known by her stage name '''Taffy''', is an English hi-NRG and [[Italo disco]] singer from Deptford, London, best known for her 1980s hit, "I Love My Radio". The song was produced by [[:en:Claudio Cecchetto|Claudio Cecchetto]], who was behind all her previous hits in [[Italy]]. It was released in the [[United Kingdom]] by Rhythm King's Transglobal Records, both part of Mute Records in those days, and was originally a hit in Italy in 1985. The song's sentiments were about a disc jockey broadcasting in the early hours. As very few radio stations in the United Kingdom broadcast after midnight in the late 1980s, this reference in the record was changed. A re-recorded version called "I Love My Radio (Dee Jay's Radio)" was released instead. This is the version that reached No. 6 on the UK Singles Chart. "Step by Step", a [[:en:Silver Pozzoli|Silver Pozzoli]] cover, was a minor hit in the UK reaching No. 59 in 1987. A second version featured a remix by a pre-S'Express Mark Moore was released as Step By Step (Moore Heavenly Mix). Taffy sang on [[:en:Ferry Aid|Ferry Aid]]'s charity cover of "Let It Be" in 1987. {{music-stub}} {{bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Taffy}} [[Category:1963 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:British singers]] {{authority control}} lt6cvajm252d044jb67c5vm84w1ird7 0 1201446 10369451 10366885 2025-07-03T11:32:56Z 50.29.112.38 /* See alsos */Wow 10369451 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ivana Spagna''' (born 16 December 1954), also known simply as '''Spagna''', is [[Italy|Italian]] singer and songwriter. She is best known for her worldwide hit song "Call Me", released in 1987. [[File:Ivana spagna 2016.jpg|thumb|Spagna performing in July 2016]] ==See alsos== *[[Taffy (singer)|Taffy]] *[[Valerie Dore]] *[[Sabrina Salerno]] *[[Angelica Chain|Angélica Chaín]] *[[Zeca Pagodinho]] *[[Katia and Maurice Krafft]] *[[Chris Owens (performer)|Chris Owens]] *[[Renata Vasconcellos]] *[[William Bonner (newscaster)|William Bonner]] *[[Nancy Martinez]] *[[Radiorama]] *[[The Flirts]] *[[Arelys Henao]] {{music-stub}} {{bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Spagna}} [[Category:1954 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Italian singers]] {{authority control}} ha27melf7alcn1osp4e7uq1go4ietjh 10369452 10369451 2025-07-03T11:33:02Z 50.29.112.38 10369452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ivana Spagna''' (born 16 December 1954), also known simply as '''Spagna''', is [[Italy|Italian]] singer and songwriter. She is best known for her worldwide hit song "Call Me", released in 1987.d [[File:Ivana spagna 2016.jpg|thumb|Spagna performing in July 2016]] ==See alsos== *[[Taffy (singer)|Taffy]] *[[Valerie Dore]] *[[Sabrina Salerno]] *[[Angelica Chain|Angélica Chaín]] *[[Zeca Pagodinho]] *[[Katia and Maurice Krafft]] *[[Chris Owens (performer)|Chris Owens]] *[[Renata Vasconcellos]] *[[William Bonner (newscaster)|William Bonner]] *[[Nancy Martinez]] *[[Radiorama]] *[[The Flirts]] *[[Arelys Henao]] {{music-stub}} {{bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Spagna}} [[Category:1954 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Italian singers]] {{authority control}} 1oh0i5sdtcsx5vgluo6e1k1pzhw4nan 10369453 10369452 2025-07-03T11:33:10Z 50.29.112.38 Spagna 10369453 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ivana Spagna''' (born 16 December 1954), also known simply as '''Spagna''', is [[Italy|Italian]] singer and songwriter. She is best known for her worldwide hit song "Call Me", released in 1987. [[File:Ivana spagna 2016.jpg|thumb|Spagna performing in July 2016]] ==See alsos== *[[Taffy (singer)|Taffy]] *[[Valerie Dore]] *[[Sabrina Salerno]] *[[Angelica Chain|Angélica Chaín]] *[[Zeca Pagodinho]] *[[Katia and Maurice Krafft]] *[[Chris Owens (performer)|Chris Owens]] *[[Renata Vasconcellos]] *[[William Bonner (newscaster)|William Bonner]] *[[Nancy Martinez]] *[[Radiorama]] *[[The Flirts]] *[[Arelys Henao]] {{music-stub}} {{bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Spagna}} [[Category:1954 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Italian singers]] {{authority control}} ha27melf7alcn1osp4e7uq1go4ietjh 10369474 10369453 2025-07-03T11:41:52Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 Reverted to revision 10366841 by CountryANDWestern: revert. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369474 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ivana Spagna''' (born 16 December 1954), also known simply as '''Spagna''', is [[Italy|Italian]] singer and songwriter. She is best known for her worldwide hit song "Call Me", released in 1987. [[File:Ivana spagna 2016.jpg|thumb|Spagna performing in July 2016]] {{music-stub}} {{bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Spagna}} [[Category:1954 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Italian singers]] {{authority control}} [[en:Spagna]] edqh5z7rd0f3k9r1veo88b20j12p03o 3 1201447 10367564 10366838 2025-07-02T12:03:25Z MathXplore 966595 Caution: Editing tests. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367564 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Please do not remove content from pages on Wikipedia without giving a good reason in the [[Wikipedia:Change summary|change summary]]. That is [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]]. If you want to practice changing Wikipedia, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-delete2 --> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:10, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Please do not make test changes on Wikipedia pages, even if you want to remove them later. Changes like these are seen as [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]] and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]]. If you would like to do more tests, please use the '''[[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]'''. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-test2 --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 12:03, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> 8c46kvya5gf9te4dwh4f44wl7d3fv1d 10369473 10367564 2025-07-03T11:41:30Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 Notification: quick deletion nomination of [[Valerie Dore]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369473 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Please do not remove content from pages on Wikipedia without giving a good reason in the [[Wikipedia:Change summary|change summary]]. That is [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]]. If you want to practice changing Wikipedia, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-delete2 --> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:10, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Please do not make test changes on Wikipedia pages, even if you want to remove them later. Changes like these are seen as [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]] and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]]. If you would like to do more tests, please use the '''[[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]'''. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-test2 --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 12:03, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> ==Quick deletion of Valerie Dore== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Valerie Dore]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Valerie Dore}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 11:41, 3 July 2025 (UTC) q58t99kmbxdohp9szhvk25f5pzvx4hb 1 1201448 10367562 10366844 2025-07-02T12:03:07Z MathXplore 966595 Reset talk page with [[:w:simple:User:DannyS712/Reset talk|reset talk]] (version 1.1) 10367562 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Talk header}} 6ujz0t3lkt6jsf7d1r360l6l7wj3njb 0 1201471 10367686 10366964 2025-07-02T13:30:58Z 180.150.36.182 10367686 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album | name = Sea of Faces | type = studio | artist = [[Kutless]] | released = February 24, 2004 | recorded = | studio = Compound Recording, Seattle, Washington | genre = [[Christian rock]], [[post-grunge]], [[hard rock]], [[alternative metal]], [[nu metal]] | length = 38:12 | label = [[BEC Recordings|BEC]] | producer = Aaron Sprinkle | prev_title = Kutless | prev_year = 2002 | next_title = [[Strong Tower]] | next_year = 2005 }} '''''Sea of Faces''''' is the second studio album by [[Kutless]]. The album was released on February 24, 2004. ==Track listing== {{Track listing | title1 = Not What You See | length1 = 2:57 | title2 = All Alone | length2 = 3:48 | title3 = Better for You | length3 = 3:25 | title4 = Sea of Faces | length4 = 3:35 | title5 = Let You In | note5 = featuring Ryan Clark of Demon Hunter | length5 = 3:14 | title6 = Passion | length6 = 3:05 | title7 = Perspectives | length7 = 3:30 | title8 = Treason | length8 = 3:24 | title9 = All the Words | length9 = 3:47 | title10 = Troubled Heart | length10 = 3:29 | title11 = It's Like Me | length11 = 3:57 | total_length = 38:11 }} ==References== {{reflist}} {{music-stub}} [[Category:2004 albums]] [[Category:Alternative albums]] 3m2rr6o5sw52z6pe57smj14kca7mi5z 10369109 10367686 2025-07-03T07:45:00Z 180.150.36.182 10369109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album | name = Sea of Faces | type = studio | artist = [[Kutless]] | released = February 24, 2004 | recorded = | studio = Compound Recording, Seattle, Washington | genre = [[Christian rock]], [[post-grunge]], [[hard rock]], [[alternative metal]], [[nu metal]] | length = 38:12 | label = BEC | producer = Aaron Sprinkle | prev_title = Kutless | prev_year = 2002 | next_title = [[Strong Tower]] | next_year = 2005 }} '''''Sea of Faces''''' is the second studio album by [[Kutless]]. The album was released on February 24, 2004. ==Track listing== {{Track listing | title1 = Not What You See | length1 = 2:57 | title2 = All Alone | length2 = 3:48 | title3 = Better for You | length3 = 3:25 | title4 = Sea of Faces | length4 = 3:35 | title5 = Let You In | note5 = featuring Ryan Clark of Demon Hunter | length5 = 3:14 | title6 = Passion | length6 = 3:05 | title7 = Perspectives | length7 = 3:30 | title8 = Treason | length8 = 3:24 | title9 = All the Words | length9 = 3:47 | title10 = Troubled Heart | length10 = 3:29 | title11 = It's Like Me | length11 = 3:57 | total_length = 38:11 }} ==References== {{reflist}} {{music-stub}} [[Category:2004 albums]] [[Category:Alternative albums]] k6tde9fxrreiyoquju2p7phoy9wuhoy 0 1201472 10368752 10366973 2025-07-03T02:29:39Z The Sophocrat 1313199 tagged with {{AI-notice}} 10368752 wikitext text/x-wiki {{AI-notice |date=July 2025}} Juwayriyah bint al-Harith was a wife of the Prophet Muhammad and a mother of the believers. Here's what we know about her: *Early Life and Capture* Juwayriyah was born around 608 CE in Yathrib, Hejaz, Arabia. Her father, Al-Harith ibn Abi Dirar, was the chief of the Banu Mustaliq tribe. She was captured during the Battle of Banu Mustaliq in 627 CE and initially given to Thabit ibn Qais as a slave. *Marriage to the Prophet* Juwayriyah approached the Prophet Muhammad to negotiate her freedom, and he offered to marry her instead. After their marriage, the Prophet freed her, and her tribe members, who had been taken captive, were also released. This act of kindness led to many members of her tribe embracing Islam ¹ ². *Personality and Characteristics* Juwayriyah was known for her: - *Exceptional Beauty*: She was described as being as beautiful as a fairy, captivating everyone who saw her. - *Intelligence and Wisdom*: She was well-versed in language and literature, and her strong grasp of Arabic was highly prized by the Arabs. - *Piety and Devotion*: She spent most of her time in worship, remembrance of Allah, and deep contemplation. - *Generosity and Charity*: She was known for giving charity and freeing slaves. - *Outspokenness*: She stood up for her rights and the rights of others, even speaking up to Umar ibn Al-Khattab when she felt he was being unjust ³ ² ¹. *Legacy* Juwayriyah passed away around 676 CE in Medina, at the age of 65. She was buried in Jannat al-Baqi, alongside other wives of the Prophet Muhammad. Her marriage to the Prophet was a significant event that brought peace and prosperity to her tribe, and her legacy continues to inspire Muslims today ². 7syw7uoyhluoucv0wzcdkw767mk1hgx 0 1201473 10368756 10366975 2025-07-03T02:30:21Z The Sophocrat 1313199 tagged article with {{{{AI-notice}} 10368756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{AI-notice |date=July 2025}} Safiyya bint Huyayy was a wife of the Prophet Muhammad and a mother of the believers. Here's what we know about her ¹ ² ³: - *Early Life*: Born around 610 CE in Yathrib, Arabia, to Huyayy ibn Akhtab, the chief of the Jewish tribe Banu Nadir, and Barrah bint Samaw'al from the Banu Qurayza tribe. Her family was influential and noble, with a lineage tracing back to Prophet Aaron, brother of Moses. - *Marriages*: Safiyya was married twice before marrying the Prophet Muhammad. Her first husband was Sallam ibn Mishkam, a rabbi, and her second was Kinana ibn al-Rabi, a prominent Jewish leader who was killed in the Battle of Khaybar. - *Battle of Khaybar*: After the battle, Safiyya was taken captive and given to Dihya al-Kalbi. However, the Prophet Muhammad took her in marriage, freeing her and making her one of his wives. She was 17 years old at the time, while the Prophet was 60. - *Personality*: Safiyya was known for her exceptional beauty, intelligence, and piety. She was a scholar and narrated ten hadiths from the Prophet Muhammad. Despite initial jealousy from the other wives, Safiyya earned their respect and formed close bonds with them. - *Legacy*: Safiyya lived in the Prophet's household for four years and remained steadfast in her faith after his death. She passed away in Medina around 664-672 CE, leaving an estate of 100,000 dirhams and bequeathing one-third to her sister's son. She's buried in Al-Baqi Cemetery, Medina ³ ² ¹. afts3yrh51f1dvc3fhspkfcfgdjajyz 0 1201474 10368755 10366976 2025-07-03T02:30:20Z The Sophocrat 1313199 tagged article with {{{{AI-notice}} 10368755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{AI-notice |date=July 2025}} Maria al-Qibtiyya, also known as Maria the Copt, was a concubine of the Prophet Muhammad. Here's what we know about her ¹ ²: - *Early Life*: Born in Egypt to a Coptic Christian family, with her father being Sham'un. Some sources mention her mother was Greek. - *Gift to the Prophet*: Maria and her sister Sirin were gifted to Muhammad by Al-Muqawqis, the Christian governor of Alexandria, in 628 CE, as a gesture of goodwill. - *Life with the Prophet*: Maria was known for her exceptional beauty and kindness. She converted to Islam and bore the Prophet a son, Ibrahim, who sadly passed away at a young age. - *Status as Wife or Concubine*: There's debate among historians about whether Maria was a wife or concubine. Some sources suggest she was a concubine, citing her living arrangements separate from the Prophet's wives and the fact that she was set free after giving birth to Ibrahim. - *Personality and Legacy*: Maria was described as charitable, loyal, and devoted to the Prophet. After his death, she lived a reclusive life, rarely leaving her home except to visit the Prophet's grave or her son's grave. - *Death*: Maria al-Qibtiyya passed away in 637 CE, five years after the Prophet's death, and was buried in Al-Baqi Cemetery in Medina. Some notable events in Maria's life include ³: - *The Revelation of Quran 66:1-3*: According to some interpretations, these verses were revealed due to a scandal involving Maria and the Prophet's wives, Hafsa and Aisha. - *The Death of Ibrahim*: The Prophet Muhammad was deeply affected by his son's death, and the event led to the revelation of Surah Al-Kawthar (Quran 108:1-3), reassuring the Prophet of his status and divine support. rte74e3utjdnbdoxr3cbhnu5nxwhuf3 0 1201475 10368754 10366977 2025-07-03T02:30:19Z The Sophocrat 1313199 tagged article with {{{{AI-notice}} 10368754 wikitext text/x-wiki {{AI-notice |date=July 2025}} Rayhana bint Zayd was a Jewish woman from the Banu Qurayza tribe in Medina. Here's what we know about her: - *Captivity and Relationship with the Prophet*: After the Battle of Banu Qurayza in 627 CE, Rayhana was taken captive and became a slave of the Prophet Muhammad. Some sources suggest she was concubine, while others imply she remained a slave. - *Refusal to Marry*: Rayhana reportedly refused the Prophet's offer of marriage and freeing her, choosing to remain in her position as his concubine or slave. - *Faith and Devotion*: Rayhana converted to Islam and was known for her devotion to the Prophet and her new faith. - *Death*: Rayhana passed away before the Prophet Muhammad and was buried in Al-Baqi Cemetery in Medina. Some historical accounts provide different perspectives on Rayhana's story, and her exact status and relationship with the Prophet are subject to interpretation. pdmd4rkjjc7233vvi5kvqcd43izwh4g 3 1201499 10367760 10367163 2025-07-02T15:05:12Z 50.29.112.32 10367760 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Block== <div class="user-block" style="padding: 5px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #a9a9a9; background-color: #ffefd5; min-height: 40px"> [[File:Stop x nuvola with clock.svg|40px|left|alt=|link=]] You have been '''[[Wikipedia:Blocks and bans|blocked]]''' from changing [[Wikipedia]] for '''31 hours''' for '''Vandalism'''. Once the block has ended you can make [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style|helpful changes]]. Please read [[Wikipedia:Blocks and bans|Wikipedia's blocking policy]] and remember that adding [[Wikipedia:Spam|spam]], making changes that do not have a [[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|neutral point of view]], [[Wikipedia:Be kind|making personal attacks on others]], not respecting other people's [[Wikipedia:Privacy policy|privacy]], and [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalizing]] pages are not allowed. If you do any of these things, you will be blocked again. If you think this block is unfair, you can ask to be unblocked by adding <!-- Copy the text as it appears on your page, not as it appears in this edit area. -->{{tltt|Unblock|par=''your reason here''}} below. If you cannot do this or the reason is private please send an e-mail to [mailto:simple-admins-l@lists.wikimedia.org '''simple-admins-l@lists.wikimedia.org'''] and an administrator will look at your reason and reply. You may want to read [[Wikipedia:Guide to appealing blocks|our guide to unblock requests]] before asking to be unblocked. [[User:M7|M7]] ([[User talk:M7|talk]]) 06:46, 2 July 2025 (UTC)</div><!-- Template:uw-block1 --> fe8qr9xu3pv5tx6gju9gdwbieh69l4c 10368271 10367760 2025-07-02T21:13:53Z MathXplore 966595 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/50.29.112.32|50.29.112.32]] ([[User talk:50.29.112.32|talk]]) to last version by M7 10367163 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|25px]]Your [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|recent changes]] are vandalism and are not acceptable on Wikipedia. Please stop. If you continue to [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalize]], you may be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing pages on Wikipedia. <!-- Template:Uw-vandalism3 --> :--[[User:M7|M7]] ([[User talk:M7|talk]]) 06:44, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ==Block== <div class="user-block" style="padding: 5px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #a9a9a9; background-color: #ffefd5; min-height: 40px"> [[File:Stop x nuvola with clock.svg|40px|left|alt=|link=]] You have been '''[[Wikipedia:Blocks and bans|blocked]]''' from changing [[Wikipedia]] for '''31 hours''' for '''Vandalism'''. Once the block has ended you can make [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style|helpful changes]]. Please read [[Wikipedia:Blocks and bans|Wikipedia's blocking policy]] and remember that adding [[Wikipedia:Spam|spam]], making changes that do not have a [[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|neutral point of view]], [[Wikipedia:Be kind|making personal attacks on others]], not respecting other people's [[Wikipedia:Privacy policy|privacy]], and [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalizing]] pages are not allowed. If you do any of these things, you will be blocked again. If you think this block is unfair, you can ask to be unblocked by adding <!-- Copy the text as it appears on your page, not as it appears in this edit area. -->{{tltt|Unblock|par=''your reason here''}} below. If you cannot do this or the reason is private please send an e-mail to [mailto:simple-admins-l@lists.wikimedia.org '''simple-admins-l@lists.wikimedia.org'''] and an administrator will look at your reason and reply. You may want to read [[Wikipedia:Guide to appealing blocks|our guide to unblock requests]] before asking to be unblocked. [[User:M7|M7]] ([[User talk:M7|talk]]) 06:46, 2 July 2025 (UTC)</div><!-- Template:uw-block1 --> 6e58kzv94tkv8ev72jv1tf1a58n674m 4 1201531 10368247 10367389 2025-07-02T20:45:51Z Orland 18344 *'''Delete''', Wikipedia should not be soft on selfpromotion. Bw ~~~~ 10368247 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === David Woodard === :{{lc|David Woodard}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/David Woodard|action=edit}} close request]</span> Grnrchst ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Per my [[:en:User:Grnrchst/David Woodard report|investigation into this subject]], the article was created (likely by Woodard himself) as part of a massive cross-wiki self-promotion campaign. This article only exists to promote the subject and increase the number of interwiki links. Its content is not neutral. It promotes the main works of the author, without covering more problematic aspects of his biography (even censoring the title of one of its sources). Any improvements would require a complete rewrite, and would have nothing to do with the existing article. --[[User:Grnrchst|Grnrchst]] ([[User talk:Grnrchst|talk]]) 10:02, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''10:02, 9 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> *{{Ping|Ferien|Eptalon|BRPever|Fehufanga}} Courtesy ping to [[:meta:Wikiproject:Antispam/Contacts|antispam contacts]]. --[[User:Grnrchst|Grnrchst]] ([[User talk:Grnrchst|talk]]) 10:03, 2 July 2025 (UTC) *'''Delete''', Wikipedia should not be soft on selfpromotion. Bw [[User:Orland|Orland]] ([[User talk:Orland|talk]]) 20:45, 2 July 2025 (UTC) aorjgwk0dpcayg4o0l6pqlpojz3w6uj 3 1201544 10367612 10367515 2025-07-02T12:33:19Z BlackJack 572554 /* July 2025 */ clarified meaning 10367612 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|25px]]Your [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|recent changes]], like those to [[:South Africa men's national cricket team]], are vandalism and are not acceptable on Wikipedia. Please stop. If you continue to [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalize]], you may be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing pages on Wikipedia. <!-- Template:Uw-vandalism3 --> ''As you have been told before at your earlier IP addresses, do NOT add article content to redirects. Additional content goes into the target article only.'' [[User:BlackJack|<span style="border:1px solid black;padding:1px;background-color: #0000ff;color: white">'''Jack'''</span>]] ([[User talk:BlackJack|<span style="color: #0000ff">talk</span>]]) 11:23, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> [[File:Ambox warning pn.svg|25px]] Please stop your [[Wikipedia:Disruptive changing|disruptive changing]]. If you continue to [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalize]] pages by adding wrong information on purpose, as you did at [[:Don Bradman]], you may be [[Wikipedia:BLOCK|blocked]] from changing pages on Wikipedia. <!-- Template:uw-error3 --> ''Do NOT remove links which are via redirects, and do NOT bypass a redirect without good reason. Read [[en:WP:NOTBROKEN]]. If you think this example is in some way an exception to the rule, raise your concern at the talk page, or at [[WP:SIMPLE TALK]]. '' [[User:BlackJack|<span style="border:1px solid black;padding:1px;background-color: #0000ff;color: white">'''Jack'''</span>]] ([[User talk:BlackJack|<span style="color: #0000ff">talk</span>]]) 11:32, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> 2525wk5k01oyhv66rhiy83lpvvg3joo 0 1201548 10367544 2025-07-02T11:59:13Z 157.39.33.35 Created page with "'''Mario Bobino''' is an [[Americans|American]] Guerrilla [[filmmaker]] known for his work in independent cinema. His work include ''City Life'' 1989, ''Characters''. 1992, ''Consequences'' 1995, ''Faith Fancher Story'' 1999, and ''Cahoots'' 2001.<ref>{{cite web|title=Black filmmaker's premiere night|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Black-filmmaker-s-premiere-night-3151189.php|website=SFGate}}</ref> == Early life and education == Bobino was born and raised in Oak..." 10367544 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mario Bobino''' is an [[Americans|American]] Guerrilla [[filmmaker]] known for his work in independent cinema. His work include ''City Life'' 1989, ''Characters''. 1992, ''Consequences'' 1995, ''Faith Fancher Story'' 1999, and ''Cahoots'' 2001.<ref>{{cite web|title=Black filmmaker's premiere night|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Black-filmmaker-s-premiere-night-3151189.php|website=SFGate}}</ref> == Early life and education == Bobino was born and raised in Oakland, California. He attended Saint Elizabeth Elementary, McChesney Junior High, Oakland High, Merritt College, and Sacramento State University, where he earned a degree in Media Productions.<ref>{{cite web|title=Togel Thailand, Keluaran Thailand Pools, Data Thailand 4D, Pengeluaran Thailand Hari Ini|url=https://davelewisontheair.com/podcast/mario-bobino-the-rebirth-of-a-film-maker/|website=davelewisontheair}}</ref> == Career == Bobino established Debonair Productions in 1988. With over 39 years in the Independent Film Business. Bobino has produced and directed several films. ''City Life'' 1989, ''Characters''. 1992, ''Consequences'' 1995, ''Faith Fancher Story'' 1999, and ''Cahoots'' 2001, including the independent hit ''TownBiz'' 2012<ref>{{cite web|date=29 September 2009|title=Gang Wars on a Shoestring|url=https://eastbayexpress.com/gang-wars-on-a-shoestring-1/|website=East Bay Express {{!}} Oakland, Berkeley & Alameda}}</ref>, ''Female Law Firm'' 2013, ''Oakland's Squad'' 2015, ''Family First'' 2015. Bobino has also Produced TV Programs and had a show with the [[Oakland Raiders]] and California Berkeley Football Team.<ref>{{cite web|title=Togel Thailand, Keluaran Thailand Pools, Data Thailand 4D, Pengeluaran Thailand Hari Ini|url=https://davelewisontheair.com/podcast/oakland-filmmaker-bobinos-perseverance-pays-off-with-success-of-my-culture/|website=davelewisontheair}}</ref> Bobino has produced several Guerrilla Films. He also interned at KTVU Ch 2 News in 1987 - 1988. Bobino has also featured BET, KTVU CH2, KRON CH4, ABC CH 7, KPIX CH5, Oakland Tribune, SF Examiner, Bay Guardian, Eastbay Express, and SF Weekly.<ref>{{cite web|date=31 January 2015|title=Director says Marshawn Lynch is an incredible actor|url=https://ftw.usatoday.com/2015/01/marshawn-lynch-media-super-bowl-movie|website=For The Win [[USA Today]]}}</ref> == Personal life == Bobino was elected team captain on Oakland High's 10-0 Season, and being ranked #1 at the end of the 1980 Football Season Polls. Bobino went to the all-league at Oakland High and Merritt Jr College. Bobino has worked with youths in Oakland for over 25 years as a Youth Correctional Officer. He retired In 2021 from his Correctional Officer Job. He teaches full time at DeJean Middle School In Richmond, Ca.<ref>{{cite web|title=Teachers / Mario|url=https://www.wccusd.net/Page/16704|website=www.wccusd.net|language=en}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} t4d4cosfcho7f72uwxw2nhz2eu7h1cn 10368478 10367544 2025-07-02T23:28:04Z Ferien 1011873 Nominated for deletion; see [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mario Bobino (2nd nomination)]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368478 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|Appears to fail [[WP:GNG]].}} '''Mario Bobino''' is an [[Americans|American]] Guerrilla [[filmmaker]] known for his work in independent cinema. His work include ''City Life'' 1989, ''Characters''. 1992, ''Consequences'' 1995, ''Faith Fancher Story'' 1999, and ''Cahoots'' 2001.<ref>{{cite web|title=Black filmmaker's premiere night|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Black-filmmaker-s-premiere-night-3151189.php|website=SFGate}}</ref> == Early life and education == Bobino was born and raised in Oakland, California. He attended Saint Elizabeth Elementary, McChesney Junior High, Oakland High, Merritt College, and Sacramento State University, where he earned a degree in Media Productions.<ref>{{cite web|title=Togel Thailand, Keluaran Thailand Pools, Data Thailand 4D, Pengeluaran Thailand Hari Ini|url=https://davelewisontheair.com/podcast/mario-bobino-the-rebirth-of-a-film-maker/|website=davelewisontheair}}</ref> == Career == Bobino established Debonair Productions in 1988. With over 39 years in the Independent Film Business. Bobino has produced and directed several films. ''City Life'' 1989, ''Characters''. 1992, ''Consequences'' 1995, ''Faith Fancher Story'' 1999, and ''Cahoots'' 2001, including the independent hit ''TownBiz'' 2012<ref>{{cite web|date=29 September 2009|title=Gang Wars on a Shoestring|url=https://eastbayexpress.com/gang-wars-on-a-shoestring-1/|website=East Bay Express {{!}} Oakland, Berkeley & Alameda}}</ref>, ''Female Law Firm'' 2013, ''Oakland's Squad'' 2015, ''Family First'' 2015. Bobino has also Produced TV Programs and had a show with the [[Oakland Raiders]] and California Berkeley Football Team.<ref>{{cite web|title=Togel Thailand, Keluaran Thailand Pools, Data Thailand 4D, Pengeluaran Thailand Hari Ini|url=https://davelewisontheair.com/podcast/oakland-filmmaker-bobinos-perseverance-pays-off-with-success-of-my-culture/|website=davelewisontheair}}</ref> Bobino has produced several Guerrilla Films. He also interned at KTVU Ch 2 News in 1987 - 1988. Bobino has also featured BET, KTVU CH2, KRON CH4, ABC CH 7, KPIX CH5, Oakland Tribune, SF Examiner, Bay Guardian, Eastbay Express, and SF Weekly.<ref>{{cite web|date=31 January 2015|title=Director says Marshawn Lynch is an incredible actor|url=https://ftw.usatoday.com/2015/01/marshawn-lynch-media-super-bowl-movie|website=For The Win [[USA Today]]}}</ref> == Personal life == Bobino was elected team captain on Oakland High's 10-0 Season, and being ranked #1 at the end of the 1980 Football Season Polls. Bobino went to the all-league at Oakland High and Merritt Jr College. Bobino has worked with youths in Oakland for over 25 years as a Youth Correctional Officer. He retired In 2021 from his Correctional Officer Job. He teaches full time at DeJean Middle School In Richmond, Ca.<ref>{{cite web|title=Teachers / Mario|url=https://www.wccusd.net/Page/16704|website=www.wccusd.net|language=en}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} ceorz8flmpe2oea2tmdkb7337j0ua79 10368992 10368478 2025-07-03T05:34:29Z 2600:1700:94A1:2EB0:8A:A9F2:F61C:4EEE /* Career */ 10368992 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|Appears to fail [[WP:GNG]].}} '''Mario Bobino''' is an [[Americans|American]] Guerrilla [[filmmaker]] known for his work in independent cinema. His work include ''City Life'' 1989, ''Characters''. 1992, ''Consequences'' 1995, ''Faith Fancher Story'' 1999, and ''Cahoots'' 2001.<ref>{{cite web|title=Black filmmaker's premiere night|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Black-filmmaker-s-premiere-night-3151189.php|website=SFGate}}</ref> == Early life and education == Bobino was born and raised in Oakland, California. He attended Saint Elizabeth Elementary, McChesney Junior High, Oakland High, Merritt College, and Sacramento State University, where he earned a degree in Media Productions.<ref>{{cite web|title=Togel Thailand, Keluaran Thailand Pools, Data Thailand 4D, Pengeluaran Thailand Hari Ini|url=https://davelewisontheair.com/podcast/mario-bobino-the-rebirth-of-a-film-maker/|website=davelewisontheair}}</ref> == Career == Bobino established Debonair Productions in 1988. With over 39 years in the Independent Film Business. Bobino has produced and directed several films. ''City Life'' 1989, ''Characters''. 1992, ''Consequences'' 1995, ''Faith Fancher Story'' 1999, and ''Cahoots'' 2001, including the independent hit ''TownBiz'' 2012<ref>{{cite web|date=29 September 2009|title=Gang Wars on a Shoestring|url=https://eastbayexpress.com/gang-wars-on-a-shoestring-1/|website=East Bay Express {{!}} Oakland, Berkeley & Alameda}}</ref>, ''Female Law Firm'' 2013, ''Oakland's Squad'' 2015, ''Family First'' 2015,My Culture 2019. Bobino has also Produced TV Programs and had a show with the [[Oakland Raiders]] and California Berkeley Football Team.<ref>{{cite web|title=Togel Thailand, Keluaran Thailand Pools, Data Thailand 4D, Pengeluaran Thailand Hari Ini|url=https://davelewisontheair.com/podcast/oakland-filmmaker-bobinos-perseverance-pays-off-with-success-of-my-culture/|website=davelewisontheair}}</ref> Bobino has produced several Guerrilla Films. He also interned at KTVU Ch 2 News in 1987 - 1988. Bobino has also featured BET, KTVU CH2, KRON CH4, ABC CH 7, KPIX CH5, Oakland Tribune, SF Examiner, Bay Guardian, Eastbay Express, and SF Weekly.<ref>{{cite web|date=31 January 2015|title=Director says Marshawn Lynch is an incredible actor|url=https://ftw.usatoday.com/2015/01/marshawn-lynch-media-super-bowl-movie|website=For The Win [[USA Today]]}}</ref> == Personal life == Bobino was elected team captain on Oakland High's 10-0 Season, and being ranked #1 at the end of the 1980 Football Season Polls. Bobino went to the all-league at Oakland High and Merritt Jr College. Bobino has worked with youths in Oakland for over 25 years as a Youth Correctional Officer. He retired In 2021 from his Correctional Officer Job. He teaches full time at DeJean Middle School In Richmond, Ca.<ref>{{cite web|title=Teachers / Mario|url=https://www.wccusd.net/Page/16704|website=www.wccusd.net|language=en}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} a5orlcvroetgg5on3xo4bkie9dx8881 3 1201549 10367548 2025-07-02T11:59:36Z MathXplore 966595 General note: Removal of content, blanking on [[Koli clans and titles]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367548 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[File:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to Wikipedia. You might not have done it on purpose, but your recent change removed helpful information from Wikipedia. We ask that you do not remove things from pages, as you did to "[[:Koli clans and titles]]", without giving a good reason in the [[Wikipedia:Change summary|change summary]]. If it was a mistake, do not worry. The part of the article you removed has been put back. If you want to try things out, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. If you would like to learn how to help Wikipedia, please see the [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome page]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-delete1 --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 11:59, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> 9d94818ylsru2xojee2yj3mt503y9po 10367579 10367548 2025-07-02T12:09:38Z MathXplore 966595 Caution: Removal of content, blanking on [[Koli clans and titles]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367579 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[File:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to Wikipedia. You might not have done it on purpose, but your recent change removed helpful information from Wikipedia. We ask that you do not remove things from pages, as you did to "[[:Koli clans and titles]]", without giving a good reason in the [[Wikipedia:Change summary|change summary]]. If it was a mistake, do not worry. The part of the article you removed has been put back. If you want to try things out, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. If you would like to learn how to help Wikipedia, please see the [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome page]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-delete1 --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 11:59, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Please do not remove content from pages on Wikipedia, as you did to "[[:Koli clans and titles]]", without giving a good reason in the [[Wikipedia:Change summary|change summary]]. That is [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]]. If you want to practice changing Wikipedia, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-delete2 --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 12:09, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> d3fhybpmsewlhsapvs5v37uzrnw64tt 10369357 10367579 2025-07-03T10:30:11Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 Warning: Removal of content, blanking on [[Koli caste]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369357 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[File:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to Wikipedia. You might not have done it on purpose, but your recent change removed helpful information from Wikipedia. We ask that you do not remove things from pages, as you did to "[[:Koli clans and titles]]", without giving a good reason in the [[Wikipedia:Change summary|change summary]]. If it was a mistake, do not worry. The part of the article you removed has been put back. If you want to try things out, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. If you would like to learn how to help Wikipedia, please see the [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome page]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-delete1 --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 11:59, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Please do not remove content from pages on Wikipedia, as you did to "[[:Koli clans and titles]]", without giving a good reason in the [[Wikipedia:Change summary|change summary]]. That is [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]]. If you want to practice changing Wikipedia, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-delete2 --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 12:09, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> [[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|25px]] Please stop removing content from pages, like you did to [[Koli caste]]. If your [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]] continues, you will be '''[[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing Wikipedia.''' <!-- Template:Uw-delete3 --> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 10:30, 3 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> 6e4qxkosssqdg1n27uxpc8kcuta5anf 14 1201550 10367566 2025-07-02T12:04:18Z MathXplore 966595 Created page with "{{Monthly clean-up category}}" 10367566 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monthly clean-up category}} ss3euq6e3g1edy4fq17yysdo41h3414 3 1201552 10367598 2025-07-02T12:17:33Z MathXplore 966595 General note: Removal of content, blanking on [[Bahun]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367598 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[File:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to Wikipedia. You might not have done it on purpose, but your recent change removed helpful information from Wikipedia. We ask that you do not remove things from pages, as you did to "[[:Bahun]]", without giving a good reason in the [[Wikipedia:Change summary|change summary]]. If it was a mistake, do not worry. The part of the article you removed has been put back. If you want to try things out, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. If you would like to learn how to help Wikipedia, please see the [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome page]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-delete1 --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 12:17, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> r023cspx0raldgzrb5aj8pxrrtayftc 4 1201554 10367602 2025-07-02T12:25:53Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 Creating deletion discussion page for [[Yerima Usman Shettima]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367602 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Yerima Usman Shettima === :{{lc|Yerima Usman Shettima}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Yerima Usman Shettima|action=edit}} close request]</span> CountryANDWestern ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Notability not expressed through reliable sources. Half of the sources are coming up as 404 pages. In the awards section, 2 are 404, 1 (the Tourism ambassador) doesn't mention that award in the article, and the other 1 lists his awards without any context to show where the award comes from. Even if well sourced, the awards don't appear notable. His positions seem non-notable, too. The source show he was a presidential candidate is also a 404. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:25, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''12:25, 9 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> gwsud54e1q3xzrh907hzxj5usuu7kuc 3 1201555 10367607 2025-07-02T12:26:50Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 Notification: quick deletion nomination of [[Xeno-canto]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367607 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Quick deletion of Xeno-canto== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Xeno-canto]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Xeno-canto}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a3|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:26, 2 July 2025 (UTC) poe6wivg0kfsrguadjwzxeeclhvc1lg 10367620 10367607 2025-07-02T12:44:15Z 176.160.193.61 nope everything is fine 10367620 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wait}} Mahikat. 6tpab0kaan9tc106650vaknrlft98ni 10367621 10367620 2025-07-02T12:45:48Z MathXplore 966595 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/176.160.193.61|176.160.193.61]] ([[User talk:176.160.193.61|talk]]) to last version by CountryANDWestern 10367607 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Quick deletion of Xeno-canto== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Xeno-canto]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Xeno-canto}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a3|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:26, 2 July 2025 (UTC) poe6wivg0kfsrguadjwzxeeclhvc1lg 10367622 10367621 2025-07-02T12:45:59Z MathXplore 966595 General note: Editing tests on [[User talk:176.160.193.61]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367622 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Quick deletion of Xeno-canto== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Xeno-canto]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Xeno-canto}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a3|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:26, 2 July 2025 (UTC) == July 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to Wikipedia. Your change to the page [[:User talk:176.160.193.61]] worked, but because it had things in it which did not help improve the page, it was [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you would like to do more tests on Wikipedia, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. You may also want to read the [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome page]] to learn about helping the Simple English Wikipedia. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-test1 --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 12:45, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> o9ympwp2pogtfphq6mj40sd9o34ebhh 10367626 10367622 2025-07-02T12:51:44Z 176.160.193.61 /* July 2025 */ Reply 10367626 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Quick deletion of Xeno-canto== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Xeno-canto]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Xeno-canto}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a3|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:26, 2 July 2025 (UTC) == July 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to Wikipedia. Your change to the page [[:User talk:176.160.193.61]] worked, but because it had things in it which did not help improve the page, it was [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you would like to do more tests on Wikipedia, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. You may also want to read the [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome page]] to learn about helping the Simple English Wikipedia. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-test1 --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 12:45, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :hello MathXplore :Nice to meet you. Perhaps we can COORDINATE about this topic but for now I shall say "Wait" I would like to keep the file for the time-being. :Thank you. :Anonymous... :P.S: I'm on silent mode. [[Special:Contributions/176.160.193.61|176.160.193.61]] ([[User talk:176.160.193.61#top|talk]]) 12:51, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> embe8jo4s7ws5nir4k2xjfh8xad3wuk 1 1201556 10367613 2025-07-02T12:35:43Z Abhishek Pujari 151150 /* Incorrect information */ new section 10367613 wikitext text/x-wiki == Incorrect information == The Grand Trunk Road l, originally built as The Uttarapath or Northern Road. It was constructed initially by Chandragupta Maurya of the Maurya Empire somewhere during 3rd-2nd BC. Emperor Ashoka improved it later and so did other rulers who followed them, right upto the British Empire, who then renamed it as the Imperial Road. [https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6056/#:~:text=The%20Imperial%20Highway%20of%20the,to%20the%20Indian%20sub%2Dcontinent. UNESCO confirms GT Road's history here] [[User:Abhishek Pujari|Abhishek Pujari]] ([[User talk:Abhishek Pujari|talk]]) 12:35, 2 July 2025 (UTC) oj0c9oe9tpiix4qrpsuejira7pevrmr 0 1201557 10367635 2025-07-02T12:55:37Z Darkfrog24 508885 Created page with "{{italictitle}} {{Speciesbox | image = | status =EN | status_ref =<ref name=IUCN/> | status_system = IUCN3.1 | taxon = Telmatobius latirostris | authority = Vellard, 1951 | range_map = |synonyms= | synonyms_ref=<ref name=AMNH /> }} The '''Cajamarca water frog''' (''Telmatobius latirostris'') is a [[frog]]. It lives in [[Peru]].<ref name=AMNH>{{BioRef|ASW6 |title=''Telmatobius latirostris'' Vellard, 1951 |url=https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Telmat..." 10367635 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} {{Speciesbox | image = | status =EN | status_ref =<ref name=IUCN/> | status_system = IUCN3.1 | taxon = Telmatobius latirostris | authority = Vellard, 1951 | range_map = |synonyms= | synonyms_ref=<ref name=AMNH /> }} The '''Cajamarca water frog''' (''Telmatobius latirostris'') is a [[frog]]. It lives in [[Peru]].<ref name=AMNH>{{BioRef|ASW6 |title=''Telmatobius latirostris'' Vellard, 1951 |url=https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Telmatobiidae/Telmatobius/Telmatobius-latirostris |access-date=July 2, 2025}}</ref><ref name=Amph>{{BioRef|amphibiaweb |title=''Telmatobius latirostris'' Vellard, 1951 |author1= |editor1= |date= |language= |url=https://amphibiaweb.org/species/2707 |access-date=July 12, 2025}}</ref><ref name=IUCN>{{cite IUCN |title=Cajamarca Water Frog: ''Telmatobius latirostris'' |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/57348/3059201 |page=e.T57348A3059201 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T57348A3059201.en |id=57348 |year=2018 |author1=IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group |accessdate=July 2, 2025}}</ref> ==Home== This frog spends some of its time in the water. It lives in streams. Scientists saw this frog 2620 meters above sea level in valleys between the [[Andes Mountains]].<ref name=AMNH /><ref name=IUCN /> Scientists think frog might live in one protected park, [[Parque Nacional Cutervo]], but they are not sure. Peru is making other parks near where the frog lives, so it could be safe there too.<ref name=IUCN /> ==Young== This frog has young in streams.<ref name=IUCN /> ==Danger== Scientists from the IUCN and from Peru say this frog is in big danger of dying out. Human beings also [[habitat loss|change the places where the frog lives]] to make [[cattle|places for cows]] to [[grazing|eat grass]] and to make small farms. People also put [[water pollution|bad chemicals in the water]]. Scientists also think the fungus ''[[Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis]]'' can kill this frog by giving it the fungal disease [[chytridiomycosis]], which has killed many frogs in South America.<ref name=IUCN /> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Frogs of South America]] {{Taxonbar|from=Q2210198}} {{biology-stub}} 1feh35ipcl5r33wds5mjdt8fpiqg748 10367637 10367635 2025-07-02T12:56:19Z Darkfrog24 508885 10367637 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} {{Speciesbox | image = | status =EN | status_ref =<ref name=IUCN/> | status_system = IUCN3.1 | taxon = Telmatobius latirostris | authority = Vellard, 1951 | range_map = |synonyms= | synonyms_ref=<ref name=AMNH /> }} The '''Cajamarca water frog''' (''Telmatobius latirostris'') is a [[frog]]. It lives in [[Peru]].<ref name=AMNH>{{BioRef|ASW6 |title=''Telmatobius latirostris'' Vellard, 1951 |url=https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Telmatobiidae/Telmatobius/Telmatobius-latirostris |access-date=July 2, 2025}}</ref><ref name=Amph>{{BioRef|amphibiaweb |title=''Telmatobius latirostris'' Vellard, 1951 |author1= |editor1= |date= |language= |url=https://amphibiaweb.org/species/2707 |access-date=July 2, 2025}}</ref><ref name=IUCN>{{cite IUCN |title=Cajamarca Water Frog: ''Telmatobius latirostris'' |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/57348/3059201 |page=e.T57348A3059201 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T57348A3059201.en |id=57348 |year=2018 |author1=IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group |accessdate=July 2, 2025}}</ref> ==Home== This frog spends some of its time in the water. It lives in streams. Scientists saw this frog 2620 meters above sea level in valleys between the [[Andes Mountains]].<ref name=AMNH /><ref name=IUCN /> Scientists think frog might live in one protected park, [[Parque Nacional Cutervo]], but they are not sure. Peru is making other parks near where the frog lives, so it could be safe there too.<ref name=IUCN /> ==Young== This frog has young in streams.<ref name=IUCN /> ==Danger== Scientists from the IUCN and from Peru say this frog is in big danger of dying out. Human beings also [[habitat loss|change the places where the frog lives]] to make [[cattle|places for cows]] to [[grazing|eat grass]] and to make small farms. People also put [[water pollution|bad chemicals in the water]]. Scientists also think the fungus ''[[Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis]]'' can kill this frog by giving it the fungal disease [[chytridiomycosis]], which has killed many frogs in South America.<ref name=IUCN /> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Frogs of South America]] {{Taxonbar|from=Q2210198}} {{biology-stub}} 985fs7qsjpeg2ioknyqj30wpt09lpom 3 1201559 10367644 2025-07-02T12:59:57Z MathXplore 966595 General note: Creating inappropriate pages. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367644 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[File:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to Wikipedia. A page you made may not meet our [[Wikipedia:Rules|rules]] for new pages, so it will shortly be [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|removed]]. Please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]] for any tests. You may also want to read our [[Wikipedia:Introduction|introduction page]] to learn more about changing. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-create1 --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 12:59, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> d3a1bounikfz1c7fyjadarxqyswlz64 0 1201560 10367652 2025-07-02T13:08:09Z 180.150.36.182 Created page with "{{Infobox artist discography |Artist = [[Kutless]] |Image = |Studio = 10 }} The discography for American [[Christian rock]] band [[Kutless]] consists of 10 studio albums. ==Albums== ===Studio albums=== {| class="wikitable" ! Year ! Album details |- | 2002 | ''Kutless'' * Release date: July 16, 2002 * Label: [[BEC Recordings]] |- | 2004 | ''[[Sea of Faces]]'' * Release date: February 24, 2004 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2005 | ''Strong Tower'' * Release date: March 1,..." 10367652 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist discography |Artist = [[Kutless]] |Image = |Studio = 10 }} The discography for American [[Christian rock]] band [[Kutless]] consists of 10 studio albums. ==Albums== ===Studio albums=== {| class="wikitable" ! Year ! Album details |- | 2002 | ''Kutless'' * Release date: July 16, 2002 * Label: [[BEC Recordings]] |- | 2004 | ''[[Sea of Faces]]'' * Release date: February 24, 2004 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2005 | ''Strong Tower'' * Release date: March 1, 2005 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2006 | ''Hearts of the Innocent'' * Release date: March 21, 2006 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2008 | ''To Know That You're Alive'' * Release date: June 24, 2008 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2009 | ''It Is Well'' * Release date: October 20, 2009 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2012 | ''[[Believer]]'' * Release date: February 28, 2012 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2014 | ''[[Glory (Kutless album)|Glory]]'' * Release date: February 11, 2014 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2015 | ''[[Surrender (album)|Surrender]]'' * Release date: November 13, 2015 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2017 | ''[[Alpha / Omega]]'' * Release date: November 10, 2017 * Label: BEC Recordings |} ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Discographies]] nrshvmtqvkv7mze6eahg4fbrol5j7ko 10367654 10367652 2025-07-02T13:09:39Z 180.150.36.182 10367654 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist discography |Artist = [[Kutless]] |Image = Kutless band.jpg |Studio = 10 }} The discography for American [[Christian rock]] band [[Kutless]] consists of 10 studio albums. ==Albums== ===Studio albums=== {| class="wikitable" ! Year ! Album details |- | 2002 | ''Kutless'' * Release date: July 16, 2002 * Label: [[BEC Recordings]] |- | 2004 | ''[[Sea of Faces]]'' * Release date: February 24, 2004 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2005 | ''Strong Tower'' * Release date: March 1, 2005 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2006 | ''Hearts of the Innocent'' * Release date: March 21, 2006 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2008 | ''To Know That You're Alive'' * Release date: June 24, 2008 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2009 | ''It Is Well'' * Release date: October 20, 2009 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2012 | ''[[Believer]]'' * Release date: February 28, 2012 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2014 | ''[[Glory (Kutless album)|Glory]]'' * Release date: February 11, 2014 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2015 | ''[[Surrender (album)|Surrender]]'' * Release date: November 13, 2015 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2017 | ''[[Alpha / Omega]]'' * Release date: November 10, 2017 * Label: BEC Recordings |} ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Discographies]] pcbk41er34q0012dlw16krry0yj475l 10367684 10367654 2025-07-02T13:30:43Z 180.150.36.182 10367684 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist discography |Artist = [[Kutless]] |Image = Kutless band.jpg |Studio = 10 }} The discography for American [[Christian rock]] band [[Kutless]] consists of 10 studio albums. ==Albums== ===Studio albums=== {| class="wikitable" ! Year ! Album details |- | 2002 | ''Kutless'' * Release date: July 16, 2002 * Label: [[BEC Recordings]] |- | 2004 | ''[[Sea of Faces]]'' * Release date: February 24, 2004 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2005 | ''[[Strong Tower]]'' * Release date: March 1, 2005 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2006 | ''Hearts of the Innocent'' * Release date: March 21, 2006 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2008 | ''To Know That You're Alive'' * Release date: June 24, 2008 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2009 | ''It Is Well'' * Release date: October 20, 2009 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2012 | ''[[Believer]]'' * Release date: February 28, 2012 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2014 | ''[[Glory (Kutless album)|Glory]]'' * Release date: February 11, 2014 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2015 | ''[[Surrender (album)|Surrender]]'' * Release date: November 13, 2015 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2017 | ''[[Alpha / Omega]]'' * Release date: November 10, 2017 * Label: BEC Recordings |} ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Discographies]] ho8dk1dtcfwg1rimozcshg6e275kmw9 10369108 10367684 2025-07-03T07:44:46Z 180.150.36.182 10369108 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist discography |Artist = [[Kutless]] |Image = Kutless band.jpg |Studio = 10 }} The discography for American [[Christian rock]] band [[Kutless]] consists of 10 studio albums. ==Albums== ===Studio albums=== {| class="wikitable" ! Year ! Album details |- | 2002 | ''Kutless'' * Release date: July 16, 2002 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2004 | ''[[Sea of Faces]]'' * Release date: February 24, 2004 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2005 | ''[[Strong Tower]]'' * Release date: March 1, 2005 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2006 | ''Hearts of the Innocent'' * Release date: March 21, 2006 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2008 | ''To Know That You're Alive'' * Release date: June 24, 2008 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2009 | ''It Is Well'' * Release date: October 20, 2009 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2012 | ''[[Believer]]'' * Release date: February 28, 2012 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2014 | ''[[Glory (Kutless album)|Glory]]'' * Release date: February 11, 2014 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2015 | ''[[Surrender (album)|Surrender]]'' * Release date: November 13, 2015 * Label: BEC Recordings |- | 2017 | ''[[Alpha / Omega]]'' * Release date: November 10, 2017 * Label: BEC Recordings |} ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Discographies]] 0oawyi3cer1d03udqdxz2ksdbj3jc9z 0 1201562 10367666 2025-07-02T13:20:17Z 1.136.105.108 Created page with "{{Infobox album | name = Strong Tower | type = studio | artist = [[Kutless]] | cover = | released = March 1, 2005 | recorded = | studio = Compound Recording, Seattle, Washington | genre = [[Christian rock]], [[alternative rock]], [[Worship|contemporary worship music]] | length = 52:31 | label = [[BEC Recordings|BEC]] | producer = Aaron Sprinkle | prev_title = [[Sea of Faces]] | prev_year = 2004 | next_title = Hearts of the In..." 10367666 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album | name = Strong Tower | type = studio | artist = [[Kutless]] | cover = | released = March 1, 2005 | recorded = | studio = Compound Recording, Seattle, Washington | genre = [[Christian rock]], [[alternative rock]], [[Worship|contemporary worship music]] | length = 52:31 | label = [[BEC Recordings|BEC]] | producer = Aaron Sprinkle | prev_title = [[Sea of Faces]] | prev_year = 2004 | next_title = Hearts of the Innocent | next_year = 2006 }} '''''Strong Tower''''' is the third studio album by [[Kutless]]. The album was released on March 1, 2005. ==Track listing== {{Track listing | title1 = We Fall Down | length1 = 3:09 | title2 = Finding Who We Are | length2 = 3:10 | title3 = Take Me In | length3 = 4:16 | title4 = Ready For You | length4 = 4:14 | title5 = Draw Me Close | length5 = 3:47 | title6 = All Who Are Thirsty | length6 = 4:13 | title7 = Better Is One Day | length7 = 4:50 | title8 = All of the Words | length8 = 3:46 | title9 = Strong Tower | length9 = 3:58 | title10 = Jesus Lord of Heaven | length10 = 3:21 | title11 = I Lift My Eyes | length11 = 3:32 | title12 = Word of God Speak | length12 = 3:47 | title13 = Arms of Love | length13 = 3:56 | total_length = 52:31 }} ==References== {{reflist}} {{music-stub}} [[Category:2005 albums]] [[Category:Christian albums]] [[Category:Worship albums]] 7ejltr0i8pkl5aajxwr1ff4zcc0m986 10367739 10367666 2025-07-02T14:27:19Z 180.150.36.182 10367739 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album | name = Strong Tower | type = studio | artist = [[Kutless]] | cover = | released = March 1, 2005 | recorded = | studio = Compound Recording, Seattle, Washington | genre = [[Christian rock]], [[alternative rock]], [[Worship|contemporary worship music]] | length = 52:31 | label = [[BEC Recordings|BEC]] | producer = Aaron Sprinkle | prev_title = [[Sea of Faces]] | prev_year = 2004 | next_title = Hearts of the Innocent | next_year = 2006 }} '''''Strong Tower''''' is the third studio album by [[Kutless]]. The album was released on March 1, 2005. ==Track listing== {{Track listing | title1 = We Fall Down | length1 = 3:09 | title2 = Finding Who We Are | length2 = 3:10 | title3 = Take Me In | length3 = 4:16 | title4 = Ready For You | length4 = 4:14 | title5 = Draw Me Close | length5 = 3:47 | title6 = All Who Are Thirsty | length6 = 4:13 | title7 = Better Is One Day | length7 = 4:50 | title8 = All of the Words | length8 = 3:46 | title9 = Strong Tower | length9 = 3:58 | title10 = Jesus Lord of Heaven | length10 = 3:21 | title11 = I Lift My Eyes | length11 = 3:32 | title12 = Word of God Speak | length12 = 3:47 | title13 = Arms of Love | length13 = 3:56 | total_length = 52:31 }} ==References== {{reflist}} {{music-stub}} [[Category:2005 albums]] [[Category:Alternative albums]] [[Category:Christian albums]] [[Category:Worship albums]] qrz84bpqskkal12bw1f09twbgclmfgr 10369111 10367739 2025-07-03T07:45:11Z 180.150.36.182 10369111 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album | name = Strong Tower | type = studio | artist = [[Kutless]] | cover = | released = March 1, 2005 | recorded = | studio = Compound Recording, Seattle, Washington | genre = [[Christian rock]], [[alternative rock]], [[Worship|contemporary worship music]] | length = 52:31 | label = BEC | producer = Aaron Sprinkle | prev_title = [[Sea of Faces]] | prev_year = 2004 | next_title = Hearts of the Innocent | next_year = 2006 }} '''''Strong Tower''''' is the third studio album by [[Kutless]]. The album was released on March 1, 2005. ==Track listing== {{Track listing | title1 = We Fall Down | length1 = 3:09 | title2 = Finding Who We Are | length2 = 3:10 | title3 = Take Me In | length3 = 4:16 | title4 = Ready For You | length4 = 4:14 | title5 = Draw Me Close | length5 = 3:47 | title6 = All Who Are Thirsty | length6 = 4:13 | title7 = Better Is One Day | length7 = 4:50 | title8 = All of the Words | length8 = 3:46 | title9 = Strong Tower | length9 = 3:58 | title10 = Jesus Lord of Heaven | length10 = 3:21 | title11 = I Lift My Eyes | length11 = 3:32 | title12 = Word of God Speak | length12 = 3:47 | title13 = Arms of Love | length13 = 3:56 | total_length = 52:31 }} ==References== {{reflist}} {{music-stub}} [[Category:2005 albums]] [[Category:Alternative albums]] [[Category:Christian albums]] [[Category:Worship albums]] tp4w39emfodumyh1esmijmk1ngck33a 4 1201563 10367668 2025-07-02T13:23:07Z Barras 40117 Creating deletion discussion page for [[List of videos on Nintendo Video]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367668 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === List of videos on Nintendo Video === :{{lc|List of videos on Nintendo Video}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of videos on Nintendo Video|action=edit}} close request]</span> Barras ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' The article is not really useful for our project in this state. I thought about just deleting it, however, there is a lot of work in the article. In this shape the article doesn't make much sense to have. Might be a case of [[:en:WP:TNT]]. [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 13:23, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''13:23, 9 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> t20ivu3vgkqhwsfnj3rzdnpdaqbgqgw 10367681 10367668 2025-07-02T13:28:51Z Fr33kman 15149 /* Discussion */ d 10367681 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === List of videos on Nintendo Video === :{{lc|List of videos on Nintendo Video}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/List of videos on Nintendo Video|action=edit}} close request]</span> Barras ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' The article is not really useful for our project in this state. I thought about just deleting it, however, there is a lot of work in the article. In this shape the article doesn't make much sense to have. Might be a case of [[:en:WP:TNT]]. [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 13:23, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *{{vd}} really not a useful article in its current form. Doesn't add to the project '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 13:28, 2 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''13:23, 9 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> jdxlroxhid1s4tzdszyu3rmpdn1t3l0 1 1201564 10367702 2025-07-02T13:40:03Z 117.254.232.8 /* English pdf */ new section 10367702 wikitext text/x-wiki == English pdf == shreyash iyer [[Special:Contributions/117.254.232.8|117.254.232.8]] ([[User talk:117.254.232.8|talk]]) 13:40, 2 July 2025 (UTC) g2s4nnustgd29n9b92lzcfe7cbeew4l 10367703 10367702 2025-07-02T13:40:18Z 117.254.232.8 /* English pdf */ new section 10367703 wikitext text/x-wiki == English pdf == shreyash iyer [[Special:Contributions/117.254.232.8|117.254.232.8]] ([[User talk:117.254.232.8|talk]]) 13:40, 2 July 2025 (UTC) == English pdf == shreyash iyer [[Special:Contributions/117.254.232.8|117.254.232.8]] ([[User talk:117.254.232.8|talk]]) 13:40, 2 July 2025 (UTC) egvd7a681wxpybsx7z5upxi01m7bf5u 10367706 10367703 2025-07-02T13:41:22Z Ternera 1467751 resetting 10367706 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talk header}} frwy0ondkbaajki04xjgq9mnxpg47li 0 1201565 10367730 2025-07-02T14:14:39Z Garmagaramsamosa 1635810 Created page with "{{AfC submission|t||ts=20250630210137|u=Garmagaramsamosa|ns=118|demo=}} <!-- Important, do not remove anything above this line before article has been created. --> '''''Itti Si Khushi''''' is a 2025 [[slice-of-life]], [[family drama]] on [[Sony SAB]] which stars [[Sumbul Touqeer Khan]], Rajat Verma and [[Varun Badola]]. Produced by [[Goldie Behl]] and Shrishti Arya under Rose Audio Visual Productions. This show is set to premiere in August 2025. ==Plot== Set against th..." 10367730 wikitext text/x-wiki {{AfC submission|t||ts=20250630210137|u=Garmagaramsamosa|ns=118|demo=}} <!-- Important, do not remove anything above this line before article has been created. --> '''''Itti Si Khushi''''' is a 2025 [[slice-of-life]], [[family drama]] on [[Sony SAB]] which stars [[Sumbul Touqeer Khan]], Rajat Verma and [[Varun Badola]]. Produced by [[Goldie Behl]] and Shrishti Arya under Rose Audio Visual Productions. This show is set to premiere in August 2025. ==Plot== Set against the vibrant backdrop of Mumbai, Itti Si Khushi tells the story of Anvita, a 21-year-old girl, the eldest of six siblings, who becomes the unexpected anchor of their crumbling home. With a father battling alcoholism and a mother who abandoned them, Anvita becomes the glue that holds her family together, sacrificing her education and setting aside her own aspirations to build a better future for them. What follows is a tender yet raw portrayal of everyday survival, silent sacrifices, and the quiet triumph of love and resilience. ==Cast== * [[Sumbul Touqeer Khan]] * Rajat Verma * [[Varun Badola]] 68twqowave56e3frdl6j370jlizsaq1 10367731 10367730 2025-07-02T14:16:46Z Garmagaramsamosa 1635810 10367731 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Itti Si Khushi''''' is a 2025 [[slice-of-life]], [[family drama]] on [[Sony SAB]] which stars [[Sumbul Touqeer Khan]], Rajat Verma and [[Varun Badola]]. Produced by [[Goldie Behl]] and Shrishti Arya under Rose Audio Visual Productions. This show is set to premiere in August 2025. ==Plot== Set against the vibrant backdrop of Mumbai, Itti Si Khushi tells the story of Anvita, a 21-year-old girl, the eldest of six siblings, who becomes the unexpected anchor of their crumbling home. With a father battling alcoholism and a mother who abandoned them, Anvita becomes the glue that holds her family together, sacrificing her education and setting aside her own aspirations to build a better future for them. What follows is a tender yet raw portrayal of everyday survival, silent sacrifices, and the quiet triumph of love and resilience. ==Cast== * [[Sumbul Touqeer Khan]] * Rajat Verma * [[Varun Badola]] 9owplqwwd2e0zj50h6barg6sh79a2uw 10367732 10367731 2025-07-02T14:17:40Z Garmagaramsamosa 1635810 /* Cast */ 10367732 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Itti Si Khushi''''' is a 2025 [[slice-of-life]], [[family drama]] on [[Sony SAB]] which stars [[Sumbul Touqeer Khan]], Rajat Verma and [[Varun Badola]]. Produced by [[Goldie Behl]] and Shrishti Arya under Rose Audio Visual Productions. This show is set to premiere in August 2025. ==Plot== Set against the vibrant backdrop of Mumbai, Itti Si Khushi tells the story of Anvita, a 21-year-old girl, the eldest of six siblings, who becomes the unexpected anchor of their crumbling home. With a father battling alcoholism and a mother who abandoned them, Anvita becomes the glue that holds her family together, sacrificing her education and setting aside her own aspirations to build a better future for them. What follows is a tender yet raw portrayal of everyday survival, silent sacrifices, and the quiet triumph of love and resilience. ==Cast== * [[Sumbul Touqeer Khan]] as Anvita Divakar * Rajat Verma * [[Varun Badola]] as Mr. Divakar oqlo4foa0596lcu6hoh95ejcfmvkpkd 10368628 10367732 2025-07-03T01:15:02Z Fr33kman 15149 Nominated for deletion; see [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Itti Si Khushi]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368628 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|Non-notable TV program, not significant coverage }} '''''Itti Si Khushi''''' is a 2025 [[slice-of-life]], [[family drama]] on [[Sony SAB]] which stars [[Sumbul Touqeer Khan]], Rajat Verma and [[Varun Badola]]. Produced by [[Goldie Behl]] and Shrishti Arya under Rose Audio Visual Productions. This show is set to premiere in August 2025. ==Plot== Set against the vibrant backdrop of Mumbai, Itti Si Khushi tells the story of Anvita, a 21-year-old girl, the eldest of six siblings, who becomes the unexpected anchor of their crumbling home. With a father battling alcoholism and a mother who abandoned them, Anvita becomes the glue that holds her family together, sacrificing her education and setting aside her own aspirations to build a better future for them. What follows is a tender yet raw portrayal of everyday survival, silent sacrifices, and the quiet triumph of love and resilience. ==Cast== * [[Sumbul Touqeer Khan]] as Anvita Divakar * Rajat Verma * [[Varun Badola]] as Mr. Divakar jj1vbj1sc0v7rfn505jt60kb08yam8d 3 1201566 10367765 2025-07-02T15:08:42Z 50.29.112.32 /* Ee */ new section 10367765 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ee == Ss [[Special:Contributions/50.29.112.32|50.29.112.32]] ([[User talk:50.29.112.32|talk]]) 15:08, 2 July 2025 (UTC) qso6du0wp4pcca5p997qa1dkiaobyws 10367766 10367765 2025-07-02T15:08:53Z 50.29.112.32 Blanked the page 10367766 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 3 1201567 10367773 2025-07-02T15:12:14Z 50.29.112.32 Yes 10367773 wikitext text/x-wiki ==New articles== tp2m1rxfgb84f8y59eu5m4xggfot5du 10367777 10367773 2025-07-02T15:14:43Z 50.29.112.32 Wow 10367777 wikitext text/x-wiki ==New articles== [[:en:Ney Matogrosso|Ney Matogrosso]], [[:en:Athens, Tennessee|Athens, Tennessee]], [[:en:Bluffton, Ohio|Bluffton, Ohio]], [[:en:Nanuet, New York|Nanuet, New York]], [[:en:Central Falls, Rhode Island|Central Falls, Rhode Island]], [[:en:Valentin Trujillo|Valentin Trujillo]] m13nc6lnrb2x7d0x1geikionhrq1puy 10367779 10367777 2025-07-02T15:15:13Z 50.29.112.32 S 10367779 wikitext text/x-wiki *Hello ==New articles== [[:en:Ney Matogrosso|Ney Matogrosso]], [[:en:Athens, Tennessee|Athens, Tennessee]], [[:en:Bluffton, Ohio|Bluffton, Ohio]], [[:en:Nanuet, New York|Nanuet, New York]], [[:en:Central Falls, Rhode Island|Central Falls, Rhode Island]], [[:en:Valentin Trujillo|Valentin Trujillo]] e620nc03xg45ugyylj6fgta6trmtjcm 10367781 10367779 2025-07-02T15:15:50Z 50.29.112.32 /* New articles */Wow 10367781 wikitext text/x-wiki *Hello == New articles == [[:en:Ney Matogrosso|Ney Matogrosso]], [[:en:Athens, Tennessee|Athens, Tennessee]], [[:en:Bluffton, Ohio|Bluffton, Ohio]], [[:en:Nanuet, New York|Nanuet, New York]], [[:en:Central Falls, Rhode Island|Central Falls, Rhode Island]], [[:en:Valentin Trujillo|Valentin Trujillo]] 9cn5zmgvvav10w10ry4d3jlcclvoo7z 10367783 10367781 2025-07-02T15:17:12Z 50.29.112.32 10367783 wikitext text/x-wiki {{user talk page}} {{userboxbottom}} {{#babel:en-N|en-us-5|ja-N}} {{userboxtop}} {{User wikipedia/Administrator}} {{User Wikimedia Commons}} {{User Meta-Wiki}} == New articles == [[:en:Ney Matogrosso|Ney Matogrosso]], [[:en:Athens, Tennessee|Athens, Tennessee]], [[:en:Bluffton, Ohio|Bluffton, Ohio]], [[:en:Nanuet, New York|Nanuet, New York]], [[:en:Central Falls, Rhode Island|Central Falls, Rhode Island]], [[:en:Valentin Trujillo|Valentin Trujillo]] oaafprn953hprrj4sbqcjvp8ygjyb6a 10367784 10367783 2025-07-02T15:17:45Z 50.29.112.32 /* == New articles == */ new section 10367784 wikitext text/x-wiki {{user talk page}} {{userboxbottom}} {{#babel:en-N|en-us-5|ja-N}} {{userboxtop}} {{User wikipedia/Administrator}} {{User Wikimedia Commons}} {{User Meta-Wiki}} == New articles == [[:en:Ney Matogrosso|Ney Matogrosso]], [[:en:Athens, Tennessee|Athens, Tennessee]], [[:en:Bluffton, Ohio|Bluffton, Ohio]], [[:en:Nanuet, New York|Nanuet, New York]], [[:en:Central Falls, Rhode Island|Central Falls, Rhode Island]], [[:en:Valentin Trujillo|Valentin Trujillo]] == New articles == <nowiki>[[:en:Ney Matogrosso|Ney Matogrosso]]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[[:en:Athens, Tennessee|Athens, Tennessee]]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[[:en:Bluffton, Ohio|Bluffton, Ohio]]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[[:en:Nanuet, New York|Nanuet, New York]]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[[:en:Central Falls, Rhode Island|Central Falls, Rhode Island]]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[[:en:Valentin Trujillo|Valentin Trujillo]]</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/50.29.112.32|50.29.112.32]] ([[User talk:50.29.112.32#top|talk]]) 15:17, 2 July 2025 (UTC) i0ba1tcknme8nbwdd6d38xwj5n38m80 10367785 10367784 2025-07-02T15:18:18Z 50.29.112.32 10367785 wikitext text/x-wiki {{user talk page}} {{userboxbottom}} {{#babel:en-N|en-us-5|ja-N}} {{userboxtop}} {{User wikipedia/Administrator}} {{User Wikimedia Commons}} {{User Meta-Wiki}} 2jghqk89t5tbhrpsfvfqqwritrla6le 10367787 10367785 2025-07-02T15:19:11Z 50.29.112.32 /* == New articles == */ new section 10367787 wikitext text/x-wiki {{user talk page}} {{userboxbottom}} {{#babel:en-N|en-us-5|ja-N}} {{userboxtop}} {{User wikipedia/Administrator}} {{User Wikimedia Commons}} {{User Meta-Wiki}} == New articles == <nowiki>&lt;nowiki&gt;[[:en:Ney Matogrosso|Ney Matogrosso]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;</nowiki>, <nowiki>&lt;nowiki&gt;[[:en:Athens, Tennessee|Athens, Tennessee]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;</nowiki>, <nowiki>&lt;nowiki&gt;[[:en:Bluffton, Ohio|Bluffton, Ohio]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;</nowiki>, <nowiki>&lt;nowiki&gt;[[:en:Nanuet, New York|Nanuet, New York]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;</nowiki>, <nowiki>&lt;nowiki&gt;[[:en:Central Falls, Rhode Island|Central Falls, Rhode Island]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;</nowiki>, <nowiki>&lt;nowiki&gt;[[:en:Valentin Trujillo|Valentin Trujillo]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/50.29.112.32|50.29.112.32]] ([[User talk:50.29.112.32#top|talk]]) 15:19, 2 July 2025 (UTC) m4vws6uuedu6acry6q77bqqj8pi77qu 10367788 10367787 2025-07-02T15:19:23Z 50.29.112.32 /* == New articles == */ new section 10367788 wikitext text/x-wiki {{user talk page}} {{userboxbottom}} {{#babel:en-N|en-us-5|ja-N}} {{userboxtop}} {{User wikipedia/Administrator}} {{User Wikimedia Commons}} {{User Meta-Wiki}} == New articles == <nowiki>&lt;nowiki&gt;[[:en:Ney Matogrosso|Ney Matogrosso]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;</nowiki>, <nowiki>&lt;nowiki&gt;[[:en:Athens, Tennessee|Athens, Tennessee]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;</nowiki>, <nowiki>&lt;nowiki&gt;[[:en:Bluffton, Ohio|Bluffton, Ohio]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;</nowiki>, <nowiki>&lt;nowiki&gt;[[:en:Nanuet, New York|Nanuet, New York]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;</nowiki>, <nowiki>&lt;nowiki&gt;[[:en:Central Falls, Rhode Island|Central Falls, Rhode Island]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;</nowiki>, <nowiki>&lt;nowiki&gt;[[:en:Valentin Trujillo|Valentin Trujillo]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/50.29.112.32|50.29.112.32]] ([[User talk:50.29.112.32#top|talk]]) 15:19, 2 July 2025 (UTC) == New articles == <nowiki>[[:en:Ney Matogrosso|Ney Matogrosso]]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[[:en:Athens, Tennessee|Athens, Tennessee]]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[[:en:Bluffton, Ohio|Bluffton, Ohio]]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[[:en:Nanuet, New York|Nanuet, New York]]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[[:en:Central Falls, Rhode Island|Central Falls, Rhode Island]]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[[:en:Valentin Trujillo|Valentin Trujillo]]</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/50.29.112.32|50.29.112.32]] ([[User talk:50.29.112.32#top|talk]]) 15:19, 2 July 2025 (UTC) mqx44oqdr15oqnekg0trhzi3nskcbav 10367789 10367788 2025-07-02T15:19:54Z 50.29.112.32 Wow 10367789 wikitext text/x-wiki {{user talk page}} {{userboxbottom}} {{userboxtop}} {{User wikipedia/Administrator}} {{User Wikimedia Commons}} {{User Meta-Wiki}} dgvqj7ghtdi0iv7g8qg5mqu6p7lkqzj 10367790 10367789 2025-07-02T15:20:45Z 50.29.112.32 == New articles == [[:en:Ney Matogrosso|Ney Matogrosso]], [[:en:Athens, Tennessee|Athens, Tennessee]], [[:en:Bluffton, Ohio|Bluffton, Ohio]], [[:en:Nanuet, New York|Nanuet, New York]], [[:en:Central Falls, Rhode Island|Central Falls, Rhode Island]], [[:en:Valentin Trujillo|Valentin Trujillo]] 10367790 wikitext text/x-wiki {{user talk page}} {{userboxbottom}} {{userboxtop}} {{User wikipedia/Administrator}} {{User Wikimedia Commons}} {{User Meta-Wiki}} == New articles == [[:en:Ney Matogrosso|Ney Matogrosso]], [[:en:Athens, Tennessee|Athens, Tennessee]], [[:en:Bluffton, Ohio|Bluffton, Ohio]], [[:en:Nanuet, New York|Nanuet, New York]], [[:en:Central Falls, Rhode Island|Central Falls, Rhode Island]], [[:en:Valentin Trujillo|Valentin Trujillo]] 02ij8w4f4n5xxe3okrt4cmk21qzcf3a 10367791 10367790 2025-07-02T15:21:16Z 50.29.112.32 /* == New articles == */ new section 10367791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{user talk page}} {{userboxbottom}} {{userboxtop}} {{User wikipedia/Administrator}} {{User Wikimedia Commons}} {{User Meta-Wiki}} == New articles == [[:en:Ney Matogrosso|Ney Matogrosso]], [[:en:Athens, Tennessee|Athens, Tennessee]], [[:en:Bluffton, Ohio|Bluffton, Ohio]], [[:en:Nanuet, New York|Nanuet, New York]], [[:en:Central Falls, Rhode Island|Central Falls, Rhode Island]], [[:en:Valentin Trujillo|Valentin Trujillo]] == New articles == <nowiki>[[:en:Ney Matogrosso|Ney Matogrosso]]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[[:en:Athens, Tennessee|Athens, Tennessee]]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[[:en:Bluffton, Ohio|Bluffton, Ohio]]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[[:en:Nanuet, New York|Nanuet, New York]]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[[:en:Central Falls, Rhode Island|Central Falls, Rhode Island]]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[[:en:Valentin Trujillo|Valentin Trujillo]]</nowiki> @[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] and @[[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] [[Special:Contributions/50.29.112.32|50.29.112.32]] ([[User talk:50.29.112.32#top|talk]]) 15:21, 2 July 2025 (UTC) nase0jrtj33ucigf8ljhismxnqvref7 10367877 10367791 2025-07-02T16:25:15Z Igor123121 1293570 General note: Unhelpful changes on [[Groove Coverage]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{user talk page}} {{userboxbottom}} {{userboxtop}} {{User wikipedia/Administrator}} {{User Wikimedia Commons}} {{User Meta-Wiki}} == New articles == [[:en:Ney Matogrosso|Ney Matogrosso]], [[:en:Athens, Tennessee|Athens, Tennessee]], [[:en:Bluffton, Ohio|Bluffton, Ohio]], [[:en:Nanuet, New York|Nanuet, New York]], [[:en:Central Falls, Rhode Island|Central Falls, Rhode Island]], [[:en:Valentin Trujillo|Valentin Trujillo]] == New articles == <nowiki>[[:en:Ney Matogrosso|Ney Matogrosso]]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[[:en:Athens, Tennessee|Athens, Tennessee]]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[[:en:Bluffton, Ohio|Bluffton, Ohio]]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[[:en:Nanuet, New York|Nanuet, New York]]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[[:en:Central Falls, Rhode Island|Central Falls, Rhode Island]]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[[:en:Valentin Trujillo|Valentin Trujillo]]</nowiki> @[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] and @[[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] [[Special:Contributions/50.29.112.32|50.29.112.32]] ([[User talk:50.29.112.32#top|talk]]) 15:21, 2 July 2025 (UTC) == July 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make helpful changes to Wikipedia. However, some of [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|your changes]], like those to "[[:Groove Coverage]]", did not seem to be helpful and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> [[User:Igor123121|Igor123121]] ([[User talk:Igor123121|talk]]) 16:25, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> dw5rj998f6i2xbk0ili07bm7einrxsa 10367883 10367877 2025-07-02T16:28:10Z M7 974 Block 10367883 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make helpful changes to Wikipedia. However, some of [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|your changes]], like those to "[[:Groove Coverage]]", did not seem to be helpful and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> [[User:Igor123121|Igor123121]] ([[User talk:Igor123121|talk]]) 16:25, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> ==Block== <div class="user-block" style="padding: 5px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #a9a9a9; background-color: #ffefd5; min-height: 40px"> [[File:Stop x nuvola with clock.svg|40px|left|alt=|link=]] You have been '''[[Wikipedia:Blocks and bans|blocked]]''' from changing [[Wikipedia]] for '''31 hours''' for '''Non-sense added to articles and pages'''. Once the block has ended you can make [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style|helpful changes]]. Please read [[Wikipedia:Blocks and bans|Wikipedia's blocking policy]] and remember that adding [[Wikipedia:Spam|spam]], making changes that do not have a [[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|neutral point of view]], [[Wikipedia:Be kind|making personal attacks on others]], not respecting other people's [[Wikipedia:Privacy policy|privacy]], and [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalizing]] pages are not allowed. If you do any of these things, you will be blocked again. If you think this block is unfair, you can ask to be unblocked by adding <!-- Copy the text as it appears on your page, not as it appears in this edit area. -->{{tltt|Unblock|par=''your reason here''}} below. If you cannot do this or the reason is private please send an e-mail to [mailto:simple-admins-l@lists.wikimedia.org '''simple-admins-l@lists.wikimedia.org'''] and an administrator will look at your reason and reply. You may want to read [[Wikipedia:Guide to appealing blocks|our guide to unblock requests]] before asking to be unblocked. [[User:M7|M7]] ([[User talk:M7|talk]]) 16:28, 2 July 2025 (UTC)</div><!-- Template:uw-block1 --> 1pskiz5zdtmouefu0ofxarfix3rn4c8 1 1201568 10367799 2025-07-02T15:31:12Z BlackJack 572554 accuracy 10367799 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Accuracy== The first sentence is untrue, and the second is POV. Will get around to working on this in a few days. [[User:BlackJack|<span style="border:1px solid black;padding:1px;background-color: #0000ff;color: white">'''Jack'''</span>]] ([[User talk:BlackJack|<span style="color: #0000ff">talk</span>]]) 15:31, 2 July 2025 (UTC) azt9i7vy1wu141x1wd7g7mavxujb6sy 1 1201569 10367800 2025-07-02T15:31:16Z 2001:861:3F40:B660:71E4:C82E:B09E:B27 /* This page seems fake or AI generated */ new section 10367800 wikitext text/x-wiki == This page seems fake or AI generated == The page is mixing three different business and none are the correct name, The Pen Corner was a Dublin Shop at 12 Dame St Pens for all occasions is another business not connected based in Dunlaoire Shopping Centre and Pens Corner is a Dubai based business Deep Fake?? [[Special:Contributions/2001:861:3F40:B660:71E4:C82E:B09E:B27|2001:861:3F40:B660:71E4:C82E:B09E:B27]] ([[User talk:2001:861:3F40:B660:71E4:C82E:B09E:B27|talk]]) 15:31, 2 July 2025 (UTC) nj6tc3arnef61xl1bd4yf8roixp9s6t 2 1201570 10367802 2025-07-02T15:31:22Z Igor123121 1293570 Created page with "mw.loader.using(['mediawiki.util', 'jquery']).then(function () { if (mw.config.get('wgCanonicalSpecialPageName') === 'Recentchanges') { mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Open all new IP diffs', 'ca-open-all-ip-diffs', 'Open all IP diffs above the separator'); let openedLinks = new Set(); $('#ca-open-all-ip-diffs').on('click', function (e) { e.preventDefault(); const rows = document.querySelectorAll('li.mw-ch..." 10367802 javascript text/javascript mw.loader.using(['mediawiki.util', 'jquery']).then(function () { if (mw.config.get('wgCanonicalSpecialPageName') === 'Recentchanges') { mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Open all new IP diffs', 'ca-open-all-ip-diffs', 'Open all IP diffs above the separator'); let openedLinks = new Set(); $('#ca-open-all-ip-diffs').on('click', function (e) { e.preventDefault(); const rows = document.querySelectorAll('li.mw-changeslist-line'); const newLinks = []; for (const row of rows) { if (row.classList.contains('mw-changeslist-separator')) break; const userLink = row.querySelector('.mw-userlink'); if (userLink && /^\d{1,3}(\.\d{1,3}){3}$/.test(userLink.textContent.trim())) { const diffLink = row.querySelector('a.mw-changeslist-diff'); if (diffLink && !openedLinks.has(diffLink.href)) { newLinks.push(diffLink.href); } } } if (newLinks.length === 0) { alert("No new IP diffs found above the separator."); } else { newLinks.forEach(link => { openedLinks.add(link); window.open(link, '_blank'); }); } }); } }); // [[File:Krinkle_RTRC.js]] (mw.loader.getState('ext.gadget.rtrc') ? mw.loader.load('ext.gadget.rtrc') : mw.loader.load('https://www.mediawiki.org/w/load.php?modules=ext.gadget.rtrc&lang=' + mw.config.get('wgUserLanguage', 'en'))); k36jeeh3u0cuk5l951d7rfayvuaiu95 3 1201571 10367814 2025-07-02T15:40:07Z Ternera 1467751 sending warning (warning 1) 10367814 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, I am [[User:Ternera|Ternera]]. I noticed that you made a change to an article, [[:Island Def Jam Music Group]], but you did not provide a [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources|reliable source]]. It has been removed and archived in the page history for now, but if you want to [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|include a citation]] and re-add it, please do so! If you need help with referencing, please see [[Wikipedia:Citing sources]], or if you think I made a mistake, you can leave me a message on [[User_talk:Ternera|my talk page]]. Thank you. <!-- Template:uw-unsourced1 --> [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 15:40, 2 July 2025 (UTC) r7f91mrliivph9qltodg4yizwz7tm9t 0 1201572 10367825 2025-07-02T15:50:46Z 2A02:1210:8229:D000:CCC4:A92C:51CD:269D Created page with "[[File:Footsteps Through The Sand (Unsplash).jpg|thumb|The Photo of the Sand]] '''A footstep''' is the movement of your foot when you walk or run. It makes a sound when it touches the ground. The sound can be loud, quiet, fast, or slow. Also, a footstep can make a mark, like in the sand or snow. Footsteps can be made by a human or an animal. People listen to footsteps to know if someone is near or coming. Sometimes footsteps help people find a way or follow someone." 10367825 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Footsteps Through The Sand (Unsplash).jpg|thumb|The Photo of the Sand]] '''A footstep''' is the movement of your foot when you walk or run. It makes a sound when it touches the ground. The sound can be loud, quiet, fast, or slow. Also, a footstep can make a mark, like in the sand or snow. Footsteps can be made by a human or an animal. People listen to footsteps to know if someone is near or coming. Sometimes footsteps help people find a way or follow someone. 2mfzafxci3aepq2lmswmyzzsdhrhixs 10367829 10367825 2025-07-02T15:54:46Z Ternera 1467751 Added {{[[Template:stub|stub]]}} tag to article ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367829 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Footsteps Through The Sand (Unsplash).jpg|thumb|The Photo of the Sand]] '''A footstep''' is the movement of your foot when you walk or run. It makes a sound when it touches the ground. The sound can be loud, quiet, fast, or slow. Also, a footstep can make a mark, like in the sand or snow. Footsteps can be made by a human or an animal. People listen to footsteps to know if someone is near or coming. Sometimes footsteps help people find a way or follow someone. {{stub}} tk1pw6un7ttmw1ppvmnwnf2ejbiu979 10367831 10367829 2025-07-02T15:55:04Z Ternera 1467751 Added {{[[Template:cleanup|cleanup]]}}, {{[[Template:no sources|no sources]]}} and {{[[Template:wikify|wikify]]}} tags (within {{[[Template:multiple issues|multiple issues]]}}) to article ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367831 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiple issues| {{cleanup|reason=|date=July 2025}} {{no sources|date=July 2025}} {{wikify|date=July 2025}} }} [[File:Footsteps Through The Sand (Unsplash).jpg|thumb|The Photo of the Sand]] '''A footstep''' is the movement of your foot when you walk or run. It makes a sound when it touches the ground. The sound can be loud, quiet, fast, or slow. Also, a footstep can make a mark, like in the sand or snow. Footsteps can be made by a human or an animal. People listen to footsteps to know if someone is near or coming. Sometimes footsteps help people find a way or follow someone. {{stub}} 2cyovjc6sdgn68xipaz9k2josd0hr2t 0 1201573 10367827 2025-07-02T15:52:41Z 50.29.112.32 Taffy 10367827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{BLP unsourced|date=July 2025}} '''Nancy Martinez''' is a [[Canada|Canadian]] dance-pop singer and musician who is primarily known for her 1986 hits "For Tonight" and "Move Out". ==See alsos== *[[Spagna]] *[[Valerie Dore]] *[[Taffy (singer)|Taffy]] *[[Tracy Spencer]] *[[Sa-Fire]] *[[Sweet Sensation (group)|Sweet Sensation]] *[[Mari (musician)|Mari]] *[[Diamante (musician)|Diamante]] *[[Lizé Santana]] *[[Selena Lee Canales]] {{bio-stub}} {{music-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Martinez, Nancy}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Canadian singers]] [[Category:Canadian musicians]] {{authority control}} [[en:Nancy Martinez]] m1bh5n4boas1ahurb2v8qxlc69xljie 10369455 10367827 2025-07-03T11:33:36Z 50.29.112.38 /* See alsos */Yes 10369455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{BLP unsourced|date=July 2025}} '''Nancy Martinez''' is a [[Canada|Canadian]] dance-pop singer and musician who is primarily known for her 1986 hits "For Tonight" and "Move Out". ==See alsos== *[[Spagna]] *[[Valerie Dore]] *[[Taffy (singer)|Taffy]] *[[Tracy Spencer]] *[[Sa-Fire]] *[[Sweet Sensation (group)|Sweet Sensation]] *[[Mari (musician)|Mari]] *[[Diamante (musician)|Diamante]] *[[Lizé Santana]] *[[Selena Lee Canales]] {{bio-stub}} {{music-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Martinez, Nancy}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Canadian singers]] [[Category:Canadian musicians]] {{authority control}} 5hwfchq6uh5olmdffz72kwm7gk0tv96 10369456 10369455 2025-07-03T11:33:45Z 50.29.112.38 10369456 wikitext text/x-wiki {{BLP unsourced|date=July 2025}} '''Nancy Martinez''' is a [[Canada|Canadian]] dance-pop singer and musician who is primarily known for her 1986 hits "For Tonight" and "Move Out".d ==See alsos== *[[Spagna]] *[[Valerie Dore]] *[[Taffy (singer)|Taffy]] *[[Tracy Spencer]] *[[Sa-Fire]] *[[Sweet Sensation (group)|Sweet Sensation]] *[[Mari (musician)|Mari]] *[[Diamante (musician)|Diamante]] *[[Lizé Santana]] *[[Selena Lee Canales]] {{bio-stub}} {{music-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Martinez, Nancy}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Canadian singers]] [[Category:Canadian musicians]] {{authority control}} j5tlv2ddkjhd9mpyhqxdolrxspv8zm7 10369458 10369456 2025-07-03T11:33:51Z 50.29.112.38 Wow 10369458 wikitext text/x-wiki {{BLP unsourced|date=July 2025}} '''Nancy Martinez''' is a [[Canada|Canadian]] dance-pop singer and musician who is primarily known for her 1986 hits "For Tonight" and "Move Out". ==See alsos== *[[Spagna]] *[[Valerie Dore]] *[[Taffy (singer)|Taffy]] *[[Tracy Spencer]] *[[Sa-Fire]] *[[Sweet Sensation (group)|Sweet Sensation]] *[[Mari (musician)|Mari]] *[[Diamante (musician)|Diamante]] *[[Lizé Santana]] *[[Selena Lee Canales]] {{bio-stub}} {{music-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Martinez, Nancy}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Canadian singers]] [[Category:Canadian musicians]] {{authority control}} 99jch2hnphwr17f89bsshz9733lck7x 10369475 10369458 2025-07-03T11:42:16Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 irrelevant 10369475 wikitext text/x-wiki {{BLP unsourced|date=July 2025}} '''Nancy Martinez''' is a [[Canada|Canadian]] dance-pop singer and musician who is primarily known for her 1986 hits "For Tonight" and "Move Out". {{bio-stub}} {{music-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Martinez, Nancy}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Canadian singers]] [[Category:Canadian musicians]] {{authority control}} 5ifdml9zd7trptqqeab0avgxd63w7uf 3 1201575 10367833 2025-07-02T15:55:19Z Ternera 1467751 Notification: quick deletion nomination of [[Al-Gharafa Sports Club]]. 10367833 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Quick deletion of Al-Gharafa Sports Club== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Al-Gharafa Sports Club]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]].&nbsp;This is because the page has no meaning. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Al-Gharafa Sports Club}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#A1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 15:55, 2 July 2025 (UTC) qadla4271q5slz3khi2pt2oua4legft 10367844 10367833 2025-07-02T16:01:24Z FusionSub 1248114 General note: Creating inappropriate pages on [[Al-Gharafa Sports Club]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367844 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Quick deletion of Al-Gharafa Sports Club== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Al-Gharafa Sports Club]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]].&nbsp;This is because the page has no meaning. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Al-Gharafa Sports Club}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#A1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 15:55, 2 July 2025 (UTC) == July 2025 == [[File:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to Wikipedia. A page you made, [[:Al-Gharafa Sports Club]], did not meet our [[Wikipedia:Rules|rules]] for new pages, so it has been [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|removed]]. Please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]] for any tests. You may also want to read our [[Wikipedia:Introduction|introduction page]] to learn more about changing. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-create1 --> - [[User:FusionSub|<span style="color: #0C6508">FusionSub</span>]] ([[User_talk:FusionSub|Talk page]]) ([[Special:Contributions/FusionSub|Contributions]]) 16:01, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> 8n62g801p91cmcj20qe317ztgw76un2 0 1201576 10367834 2025-07-02T15:56:37Z 50.29.112.32 Wow 10367834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{BLP unsourced|date=July 2025}} '''Mari Burelle-Valencia''' (born April 4, 1985, as '''Mari Jacqueline Burelle'''), who goes by the stage name stylized as '''MARi''', is an American Christian musician and pianist, who primarily plays a style of Christian EDM. She has released one musical work, Treasure (2016). ==See alsos== *[[Diamante (musician)|Diamante]] *[[Lizé Santana]] *[[Selena Lee Canales]] *[[Nancy Martinez]] *[[Spagna]] *[[Taffy (singer)|Taffy]] *[[Valerie Dore]] *[[Cristina Scuccia]] *[[The Flirts]] {{US-bio-stub}} {{music-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mari}} [[Category:1985 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American musicians]] [[Category:Musicians from New York City]] {{authority control}} [[en:Mari (musician)]] 60ab53j3vo0zdse2z97lzdfcrxzyjjd 10367835 10367834 2025-07-02T15:57:05Z 50.29.112.32 S 10367835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{BLP unsourced|date=July 2025}} '''Mari Burelle-Valencia''' (born April 4, 1985, as '''Mari Jacqueline Burelle'''), who goes by the stage name stylized as '''MARi''', is an American Christian musician and pianist, who primarily plays a style of Christian EDM. She has released one musical work, Treasure (2016).s ==See alsos== *[[Diamante (musician)|Diamante]] *[[Lizé Santana]] *[[Selena Lee Canales]] *[[Nancy Martinez]] *[[Spagna]] *[[Taffy (singer)|Taffy]] *[[Valerie Dore]] *[[Cristina Scuccia]] *[[The Flirts]] {{US-bio-stub}} {{music-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mari}} [[Category:1985 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American musicians]] [[Category:Musicians from New York City]] {{authority control}} [[en:Mari (musician)]] s5f82bq2h19mtq878zp54zx0534w9xf 10367836 10367835 2025-07-02T15:57:11Z 50.29.112.32 Yee 10367836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{BLP unsourced|date=July 2025}} '''Mari Burelle-Valencia''' (born April 4, 1985, as '''Mari Jacqueline Burelle'''), who goes by the stage name stylized as '''MARi''', is an American Christian musician and pianist, who primarily plays a style of Christian EDM. She has released one musical work, Treasure (2016). ==See alsos== *[[Diamante (musician)|Diamante]] *[[Lizé Santana]] *[[Selena Lee Canales]] *[[Nancy Martinez]] *[[Spagna]] *[[Taffy (singer)|Taffy]] *[[Valerie Dore]] *[[Cristina Scuccia]] *[[The Flirts]] {{US-bio-stub}} {{music-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mari}} [[Category:1985 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American musicians]] [[Category:Musicians from New York City]] {{authority control}} [[en:Mari (musician)]] 5sgx0q89gvcq9ukrjncugp2pgcoksnh 10369459 10367836 2025-07-03T11:34:04Z 50.29.112.38 /* See alsos */Wow 10369459 wikitext text/x-wiki {{BLP unsourced|date=July 2025}} '''Mari Burelle-Valencia''' (born April 4, 1985, as '''Mari Jacqueline Burelle'''), who goes by the stage name stylized as '''MARi''', is an American Christian musician and pianist, who primarily plays a style of Christian EDM. She has released one musical work, Treasure (2016). ==See alsos== *[[Diamante (musician)|Diamante]] *[[Lizé Santana]] *[[Selena Lee Canales]] *[[Nancy Martinez]] *[[Spagna]] *[[Taffy (singer)|Taffy]] *[[Valerie Dore]] *[[Cristina Scuccia]] *[[The Flirts]] {{US-bio-stub}} {{music-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mari}} [[Category:1985 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American musicians]] [[Category:Musicians from New York City]] {{authority control}} pq76lt3kw59axcunv0kyx2jqgeeju9z 10369460 10369459 2025-07-03T11:34:10Z 50.29.112.38 10369460 wikitext text/x-wiki {{BLP unsourced|date=July 2025}} '''Mari Burelle-Valencia''' (born April 4, 1985, as '''Mari Jacqueline Burelle'''), who goes by the stage name stylized as '''MARi''', is an American Christian musician and pianist, who primarily plays a style of Christian EDM. She has released one musical work, Treasure (2016).z ==See alsos== *[[Diamante (musician)|Diamante]] *[[Lizé Santana]] *[[Selena Lee Canales]] *[[Nancy Martinez]] *[[Spagna]] *[[Taffy (singer)|Taffy]] *[[Valerie Dore]] *[[Cristina Scuccia]] *[[The Flirts]] {{US-bio-stub}} {{music-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mari}} [[Category:1985 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American musicians]] [[Category:Musicians from New York City]] {{authority control}} lr6suc75nsc7nxlszu2twq3c7g9fj77 10369461 10369460 2025-07-03T11:34:16Z 50.29.112.38 Yes 10369461 wikitext text/x-wiki {{BLP unsourced|date=July 2025}} '''Mari Burelle-Valencia''' (born April 4, 1985, as '''Mari Jacqueline Burelle'''), who goes by the stage name stylized as '''MARi''', is an American Christian musician and pianist, who primarily plays a style of Christian EDM. She has released one musical work, Treasure (2016). ==See alsos== *[[Diamante (musician)|Diamante]] *[[Lizé Santana]] *[[Selena Lee Canales]] *[[Nancy Martinez]] *[[Spagna]] *[[Taffy (singer)|Taffy]] *[[Valerie Dore]] *[[Cristina Scuccia]] *[[The Flirts]] {{US-bio-stub}} {{music-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mari}} [[Category:1985 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American musicians]] [[Category:Musicians from New York City]] {{authority control}} pq76lt3kw59axcunv0kyx2jqgeeju9z 1 1201577 10367838 2025-07-02T15:57:41Z 50.29.112.32 /* I have an article about Mari */ new section 10367838 wikitext text/x-wiki == I have an article about [[Mari (musician)|Mari]] == @[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] and @[[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] [[Special:Contributions/50.29.112.32|50.29.112.32]] ([[User talk:50.29.112.32|talk]]) 15:57, 2 July 2025 (UTC) glxwp2gnbf1m5y5hbh3g0cxkqq9sy3s 10368169 10367838 2025-07-02T19:55:14Z 2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA /* The en-wiki article also,does not show notability */ new section 10368169 wikitext text/x-wiki == I have an article about [[Mari (musician)|Mari]] == @[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] and @[[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] [[Special:Contributions/50.29.112.32|50.29.112.32]] ([[User talk:50.29.112.32|talk]]) 15:57, 2 July 2025 (UTC) == The en-wiki article also,does not show notability == Anyone 'can make language-link', or interwiki.--(Or i can fix language-link, '''after''' notability-discusssion or any Delete-discussion has ended.)--If that ain't good enough, then never mind. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA|2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA|talk]]) 19:55, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 6c666f3sb6qjbe19na8h0ym9f16alnn 1 1201578 10367840 2025-07-02T15:58:53Z 50.29.112.32 /* I have this */ new section 10367840 wikitext text/x-wiki == I have this == @[[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]]@ @[[User:Fehufanga|Fehufanga]] and @[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] [[Special:Contributions/50.29.112.32|50.29.112.32]] ([[User talk:50.29.112.32|talk]]) 15:58, 2 July 2025 (UTC) efrm34a25m3zb9q4rhyy78jk3wvamvz 10368438 10367840 2025-07-02T23:10:12Z MathXplore 966595 Reset talk page with [[:w:simple:User:DannyS712/Reset talk|reset talk]] (version 1.1) 10368438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Talk header}} 6ujz0t3lkt6jsf7d1r360l6l7wj3njb 0 1201579 10367859 2025-07-02T16:11:39Z Cherreparator 1635838 Redirected page to [[Djoser]] 10367859 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Djoser]]{{R from alternative spelling}} ewdzvtwt01nhnox3i2cn0nk0tmfkmr9 0 1201580 10367861 2025-07-02T16:12:02Z Cherreparator 1635838 Redirected page to [[Djoser]] 10367861 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Djoser]]{{R from alternative spelling}} ewdzvtwt01nhnox3i2cn0nk0tmfkmr9 3 1201581 10367864 2025-07-02T16:12:14Z Ternera 1467751 sending warning (warning 1) 10367864 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make helpful changes to Wikipedia. However, some of [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|your changes]], like those to "[[:Island Def Jam Music Group]]", did not seem to be helpful and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 16:12, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 9ner00euoqnguz4wp2eukx5o4o3webx 10367928 10367864 2025-07-02T17:01:34Z Davey2010 314522 Final warning: Vandalism. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367928 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make helpful changes to Wikipedia. However, some of [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|your changes]], like those to "[[:Island Def Jam Music Group]]", did not seem to be helpful and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 16:12, 2 July 2025 (UTC) [[File:Stop hand nuvola.svg|30px]] Your [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|recent changes]] are vandalism, and this shows that you want to harm Wikipedia. This is your '''last warning'''. If you [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalize]] Wikipedia again, you may be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing Wikipedia. <!-- Template:Uw-vandalism4 --> ''As per the umpteen warnings given to Joseph's previous IPs.'' –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 17:01, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> aiubazynya8du7lri6gmyg35xzxvvwc 1 1201582 10367898 2025-07-02T16:38:55Z 2A00:23C6:EF26:9501:95A9:6ED3:3DEF:6FB8 /* Country i */ new section 10367898 wikitext text/x-wiki == Country i == to tell me what country there is that starts with i [[Special:Contributions/2A00:23C6:EF26:9501:95A9:6ED3:3DEF:6FB8|2A00:23C6:EF26:9501:95A9:6ED3:3DEF:6FB8]] ([[User talk:2A00:23C6:EF26:9501:95A9:6ED3:3DEF:6FB8|talk]]) 16:38, 2 July 2025 (UTC) k3h87bc0enu57m02ulp7kwpe3li2lvp 10367901 10367898 2025-07-02T16:41:38Z Davey2010 314522 Reset talk page with [[:w:simple:User:DannyS712/Reset talk|reset talk]] (version 1.1) 10367901 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Talk header}} 6ujz0t3lkt6jsf7d1r360l6l7wj3njb 1 1201583 10367918 2025-07-02T16:52:56Z Quzquzquz 1635850 Created page with "S" 10367918 wikitext text/x-wiki S 0b7j6n7rv6s0gu5yrfbi56h07k2z1vm 10368008 10367918 2025-07-02T17:50:59Z Davey2010 314522 Reset talk page with [[:w:simple:User:DannyS712/Reset talk|reset talk]] (version 1.1) 10368008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Talk header}} 6ujz0t3lkt6jsf7d1r360l6l7wj3njb 3 1201585 10367939 2025-07-02T17:06:01Z Davey2010 314522 Notification: quick deletion nomination of [[The Voice UK]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367939 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Quick deletion of The Voice UK== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:The Voice UK]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:The Voice UK}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#g2|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 17:06, 2 July 2025 (UTC) agegc6wewpdrewtmis51ndxfsfrfvg9 10367941 10367939 2025-07-02T17:06:03Z Igor123121 1293570 Notification: quick deletion nomination of [[The Voice UK]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10367941 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Quick deletion of The Voice UK== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:The Voice UK]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:The Voice UK}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#g2|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> –[[User:Davey2010|<span style="color: blue;">'''Davey'''</span><span style="color: orange;">'''2010'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:Davey2010|<span style="color: navy;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 17:06, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ==Quick deletion of The Voice UK== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:The Voice UK]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:The Voice UK}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a2|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Igor123121|Igor123121]] ([[User talk:Igor123121|talk]]) 17:06, 2 July 2025 (UTC) s9wvellm0ogcmjwzpv9d034azvx7x1j 2 1201586 10367955 2025-07-02T17:14:05Z Cherreparator 1635838 Created page with "Hi there!" 10367955 wikitext text/x-wiki Hi there! hiar75jz0m2j0gwsik5is60wt5i30n3 3 1201587 10367956 2025-07-02T17:14:15Z Cherreparator 1635838 Created page with "Hi there!" 10367956 wikitext text/x-wiki Hi there! hiar75jz0m2j0gwsik5is60wt5i30n3 0 1201588 10367965 2025-07-02T17:18:22Z CallumBen13 1611993 Created page with "{{Infobox video game }} '''''Ape Escape Academy''''', (known as '''''Ape Academy''''' in Europe and {{Nihongo foot|'''''Piposaru Academia: Dossari! Sarugē Daizenshū'''''|ピポサルアカデミ〜ア どっさり!サルゲー大集合|Piposaru Akademi〜a Dossari! Sarugē Daizenshū|group=lower-alpha|lead=yes}} in Japan) is a [[Party game|party]] [[video game]] that was developed by Shift and [[Alvion]] and published by [[Sony Computer Entertainment]]. ==Notes== {{Re..." 10367965 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox video game }} '''''Ape Escape Academy''''', (known as '''''Ape Academy''''' in Europe and {{Nihongo foot|'''''Piposaru Academia: Dossari! Sarugē Daizenshū'''''|ピポサルアカデミ〜ア どっさり!サルゲー大集合|Piposaru Akademi〜a Dossari! Sarugē Daizenshū|group=lower-alpha|lead=yes}} in Japan) is a [[Party game|party]] [[video game]] that was developed by Shift and [[Alvion]] and published by [[Sony Computer Entertainment]]. ==Notes== {{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{MobyGames|/24074/ape-escape-academy/}} [[Category:2004 video games]] [[Category:PlayStation Portable games]] [[Category:PlayStation Portable-only games]] ez2n68pqluui46mxbo0bzdco7pu5hli 0 1201589 10367967 2025-07-02T17:20:46Z CallumBen13 1611993 Redirected page to [[Ape Escape Academy]] 10367967 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ape Escape Academy]] rsz8vrw2u2ilk65ko51zv1twtcjwyjz 0 1201590 10367968 2025-07-02T17:20:47Z Afci4756i 1635859 A new article about Kasra Rahmati, an Iranian footballer playing as a centre-back. Includes matches in the Persian Gulf Pro League and coverage in national sports media. 10367968 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Kasra Rahmati | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2003|12|23|df=y}} | birth_place = Tehran Province, Iran | height = 1.85 m | position = Centre-back | youthclubs1 = Esteghlal U19 | youthclubs2 = Esteghlal U21 | years1 = 2022–2024 | clubs1 = Havadar | caps1 = 10 | goals1 = 0 }} '''Kasra Rahmati''' (Persian: کسری رحمتی; born 23 December 2003) is an Iranian football player. He plays as a centre-back. He was born in Tehran Province, Iran.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-04-21|title=Esteghlal 2 - Fan 2; Esteghlal, spellbound in a cycle of draws and unfinished failure|url=https://www.iranintl.com/fa/202504214040|access-date=2025-07-02|website=www.iranintl.com|language=fa}}</ref> == Career == Rahmati started playing football in the youth system of [[Esteghlal F.C.]], one of the top teams in Iran. He played for the under-19 and under-21 squads. In 2022, he joined [[Havadar S.C.]] and made 10 appearances in the Persian Gulf Pro League over two seasons. In April 2024, several Iranian media sources described Rahmati as a promising young player. He has been called "Little Rahmati" by fans, referencing former goalkeeper Mehdi Rahmati, although they are not directly related.<ref name="varzesh3">{{cite web |title=Rahmati the Younger now in Purple Jersey |url=https://www.varzesh3.com/news/1953196/رحمتی-کوچک-اینبار-با-لباس-بنفش-عکس |website=Varzesh3 |date=2023-08-10 |access-date=2025-06-26}}</ref> == Style of play == Rahmati plays as a centre-back. He is known for his strong positioning, aerial ability, and smart defending. == References == <references> <ref name="borna">{{cite web |title=Kasra Rahmati shines in Havadar FC |url=https://borna.news/fa/amp/news/2209861 |website=Borna News |language=fa |access-date=2025-06-26}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |title=Rahmati: promising center-back from Esteghlal |url=https://www.khabaronline.ir/news/1902726 |website=Khabar Online |access-date=2025-06-26}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |title=Havadar wins with Rahmati in the squad |url=https://www.ilna.ir/fa/tiny/news-1626491 |website=ILNA |access-date=2025-06-26}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |title=Kasra Rahmati player profile |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/kasra-rahmati/profil/spieler/1122020 |website=Transfermarkt |access-date=2025-06-26}}</ref> </references> == Other websites == * [https://www.transfermarkt.com/kasra-rahmati/profil/spieler/1122020 Kasra Rahmati at Transfermarkt] [[Category:2003 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Iranian footballers]] [[Category:Association football defenders]] [[Category:People from Tehran Province]] awe7bohz2i7v9u4ahjwcez0bgzi9k28 10367974 10367968 2025-07-02T17:24:38Z Afci4756i 1635859 10367974 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Kasra Rahmati | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2003|12|23|df=y}} | birth_place = Tehran Province, Iran | height = 1.85 m | position = Centre-back | youthclubs1 = Esteghlal U19 | youthclubs2 = Esteghlal U21 | years1 = 2022–2024 | clubs1 = Havadar | caps1 = 10 | goals1 = 0 | image = Kasrarahmati.jpg }} '''Kasra Rahmati''' (Persian: کسری رحمتی; born 23 December 2003) is an Iranian football player. He plays as a centre-back. He was born in Tehran Province, Iran.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-04-21|title=Esteghlal 2 - Fan 2; Esteghlal, spellbound in a cycle of draws and unfinished failure|url=https://www.iranintl.com/fa/202504214040|access-date=2025-07-02|website=www.iranintl.com|language=fa}}</ref> == Career == Rahmati started playing football in the youth system of [[Esteghlal F.C.]], one of the top teams in Iran. He played for the under-19 and under-21 squads. In 2022, he joined [[Havadar S.C.]] and made 10 appearances in the Persian Gulf Pro League over two seasons. In April 2024, several Iranian media sources described Rahmati as a promising young player. He has been called "Little Rahmati" by fans, referencing former goalkeeper Mehdi Rahmati, although they are not directly related.<ref name="varzesh3">{{cite web |title=Rahmati the Younger now in Purple Jersey |url=https://www.varzesh3.com/news/1953196/رحمتی-کوچک-اینبار-با-لباس-بنفش-عکس |website=Varzesh3 |date=2023-08-10 |access-date=2025-06-26}}</ref> == Style of play == Rahmati plays as a centre-back. He is known for his strong positioning, aerial ability, and smart defending. == References == <references> <ref name="borna">{{cite web |title=Kasra Rahmati shines in Havadar FC |url=https://borna.news/fa/amp/news/2209861 |website=Borna News |language=fa |access-date=2025-06-26}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |title=Rahmati: promising center-back from Esteghlal |url=https://www.khabaronline.ir/news/1902726 |website=Khabar Online |access-date=2025-06-26}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |title=Havadar wins with Rahmati in the squad |url=https://www.ilna.ir/fa/tiny/news-1626491 |website=ILNA |access-date=2025-06-26}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |title=Kasra Rahmati player profile |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/kasra-rahmati/profil/spieler/1122020 |website=Transfermarkt |access-date=2025-06-26}}</ref> </references> == Other websites == * [https://www.transfermarkt.com/kasra-rahmati/profil/spieler/1122020 Kasra Rahmati at Transfermarkt] [[Category:2003 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Iranian footballers]] [[Category:Association football defenders]] [[Category:People from Tehran Province]] 0d1wxit6gqehv36d4qrp1tqaza4e083 2 1201591 10367975 2025-07-02T17:25:17Z Haoreima 1043157 Created page with "{{Contains special characters|Meitei}} == Related pages == == References == {{Reflist}} {{Notelist}} {{Authority control}}" 10367975 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains special characters|Meitei}} == Related pages == == References == {{Reflist}} {{Notelist}} {{Authority control}} 0no8p3durxmlpteaoc1nch8qtt3gpsn 10367976 10367975 2025-07-02T17:26:05Z Haoreima 1043157 10367976 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains special characters|Meitei}} The Manipur State Archives is the official archival institution of the state of Manipur, India. It was established in March 1982 under the Directorate of Social Welfare, Art & Culture of the Manipur State Government. In 1990, the Directorate of Art & Culture was separated from the Directorate of Social Welfare, and the Archives now functions under the Department of Art & Culture. Structure The Manipur State Archives operates through the following seven sections: 1. Administrative 2. Functional 3. Repairing and Binding 4. Research and Publication 5. Conservation and Rehabilitation 6. Library 7. Reprography Objectives The objectives of the Manipur State Archives are based on standards laid out in 1958 by the National Archives of India, following recommendations from the National Committee of Archivists. These standards emphasize the need for each state to have an independent records office. The main goals of the Archives include: Centralizing all non-current records (both confidential and non-confidential) from the State Secretariat, subordinate offices, district and division authorities, Collectorate, High Court, and other courts. Storing these records in a properly equipped facility. Organizing and classifying records using scientific methods. Preserving and rehabilitating damaged or fragile documents. Providing access to both official and non-official users. Creating reference tools such as inventories, handbooks, and catalogues. Regulating the use of records by non-government organizations according to set rules. Activities The Archives preserve a wide variety of public and private records, including ancient manuscripts written on traditional materials like handmade paper, palm leaves, and agar bark. The documents are systematically catalogued by category and date. Key Activities (2005–2006) Digitization and Cataloguing: Initiated computerization of record indexes and catalogued old manuscripts. Preservation Work: Flattened 18,200 folios Repaired 280 tissue paper pages Guarded 220 pages Bound 662 files Exhibitions: Hosted an exhibition on Immortal Martyrs from 12–21 August 2005. Organized another exhibition during 26th Archives Week in November 2005. Publications: Released a book titled Appeal of the Manipur Princes. Funding: Received ₹5 lakh from the National Archives of India for extending the Library Building. Manuscript Resource Centre In October 2003, the Manipur State Archives was designated a Manuscript Resource Centre (MRC) under the National Mission for Manuscripts (NMM). As an MRC, it undertakes the following tasks: Conducting surveys and preparing manuscript listings. Creating accession catalogues. Organizing awareness programs. Documenting and preserving manuscripts. Survey and Documentation As of 2006: Conducted 104 surveys (25 in institutions and 79 in personal collections). Documented over 28,400 manuscripts. Aims to complete cataloguing of 35,000 manuscripts. Outreach and Lectures Organized 47 awareness campaigns across Manipur, including in Moreh, Kwatha, Bungpa Khunou, and Khoupum Valley. Hosted two lectures in May 2006 under the NMM's Tattvabodha Lecture Programme: R.K. Jhaljit: "The Indian Knowledge System as Reflected in Manipur Manuscripts" Prof. Ch. Manihar Singh: "Evolution of Vaishnavism as Found in Manipuri Manuscripts" Donations Several individuals donated valuable manuscripts to the Archives, including: N. Indramani K. Samjetsaba N. Nilakanta Puyam Punshiba Thoiren Meitei M. Gourachandra N. Ibochouba Y. Mohendra S. Ibecha H. Guno H. Indukumar Laishram Kerani Y. Rajendra Singh == Related pages == == References == {{Reflist}} {{Notelist}} {{Authority control}} 32z6vod3wxvx6i7yzi9v099n5r0z4gt 10367979 10367976 2025-07-02T17:30:22Z Haoreima 1043157 10367979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains special characters|Meitei}} The '''Manipur State Archives''' is the official archival institution of the state of [[Manipur]], India. It was established in March 1982 under the Directorate of Social Welfare, Art & Culture of the Manipur State Government. In 1990, the Directorate of Art & Culture was separated from the Directorate of Social Welfare, and the Archives now functions under the Department of Art & Culture. == Structure == The Manipur State Archives operates through the following seven sections: 1. Administrative 2. Functional 3. Repairing and Binding 4. Research and Publication 5. Conservation and Rehabilitation 6. Library 7. Reprography == Objectives == The objectives of the Manipur State Archives are based on standards laid out in 1958 by the National Archives of India, following recommendations from the National Committee of Archivists. These standards emphasize the need for each state to have an independent records office. The main goals of the Archives include: * Centralizing all non-current records (both confidential and non-confidential) from the State Secretariat, subordinate offices, district and division authorities, Collectorate, High Court, and other courts. * Storing these records in a properly equipped facility. * Organizing and classifying records using scientific methods. * Preserving and rehabilitating damaged or fragile documents. * Providing access to both official and non-official users. * Creating reference tools such as inventories, handbooks, and catalogues. * Regulating the use of records by non-government organizations according to set rules. == Activities == The Archives preserve a wide variety of public and private records, including ancient manuscripts written on traditional materials like handmade paper, palm leaves, and agar bark. The documents are systematically catalogued by category and date. === Key Activities (2005–2006) === * Digitization and Cataloguing: Initiated computerization of record indexes and catalogued old manuscripts. * Preservation Work: ** Flattened 18,200 folios ** Repaired 280 tissue paper pages ** Guarded 220 pages ** Bound 662 files * Exhibitions: ** Hosted an exhibition on Immortal Martyrs from 12–21 August 2005. ** Organized another exhibition during 26th Archives Week in November 2005. * Publications: Released a book titled Appeal of the Manipur Princes. * Funding: Received ₹5 lakh from the National Archives of India for extending the Library Building. == Manuscript Resource Centre == In October 2003, the Manipur State Archives was designated a Manuscript Resource Centre (MRC) under the National Mission for Manuscripts (NMM). As an MRC, it undertakes the following tasks: * Conducting surveys and preparing manuscript listings. * Creating accession catalogues. * Organizing awareness programs. * Documenting and preserving manuscripts. == Survey and documentation == * As of 2006: ** Conducted 104 surveys (25 in institutions and 79 in personal collections). ** Documented over 28,400 manuscripts. ** Aims to complete cataloguing of 35,000 manuscripts. == Outreach and lectures == * Organized 47 awareness campaigns across Manipur, including in Moreh, [[Kwatha]], Bungpa Khunou, and Khoupum Valley. * Hosted two lectures in May 2006 under the NMM's Tattvabodha Lecture Programme: ** R.K. Jhaljit: "The Indian Knowledge System as Reflected in Manipur Manuscripts" ** Prof. Ch. Manihar Singh: "Evolution of Vaishnavism as Found in Manipuri Manuscripts" == Donations of manuscripts == Several individuals donated valuable manuscripts to the Archives, including: * N. Indramani * K. Samjetsaba * N. Nilakanta * Puyam Punshiba * Thoiren Meitei * M. Gourachandra * N. Ibochouba * Y. Mohendra * S. Ibecha * H. Guno * H. Indukumar * Laishram Kerani * Y. Rajendra Singh == Related pages == == References == {{Reflist}} {{Notelist}} {{Authority control}} 5yz7i3zgwanbhkqlzpg3v2mvxiah7he 0 1201592 10367986 2025-07-02T17:39:40Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C new 2nd Stewart's series page 10367986 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Italic title}} {{Use Canadian English|date=July 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|dates=July 2025}} '''''Rev & Roll''''' is a Canadian animated [[children's television series|preschool television series]] created by Edward Kay, Julie Stewart, and Scott Stewart for [[WildBrain]], it aired on [[Family Jr.]] from September 2 to December 21, 2019. It also aired on Tiny POP in the UK. {{TV-stub}} [[Category:2010s Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:2010s Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:2010s Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2010s Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:2019 Canadian television series debuts]] [[Category:2019 Canadian television series endings]] [[Category:Animated television series about children]] [[Category:Canadian animated television series]] [[Category:Canadian children's television series]] [[Category:Canadian English-language television shows]] [[Category:Television series about friendship]] f2u9ndki1npgmgdyi0498sjw1mjj1fd 0 1201593 10367991 2025-07-02T17:41:29Z 2605:59C0:204E:FB08:2111:1F68:640A:412C Redirected page to [[Children's television series]] 10367991 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Children's television series]] th29tge8uq00bd0atqp1teyx7mr37g8 3 1201594 10368001 2025-07-02T17:45:40Z 143.105.117.160 /* New Stewart's series page */ new section 10368001 wikitext text/x-wiki == New Stewart's series page == I created a page ''[[Rev & Roll]]'' since Esteban missed watching a show, and his friends come to invite streaming on Pluto TV. [[Special:Contributions/143.105.117.160|143.105.117.160]] ([[User talk:143.105.117.160|talk]]) 17:45, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 10macw58dj1ptvcwmun0j11jwvx9sgy 3 1201595 10368010 2025-07-02T17:51:24Z 2600:480A:4A51:9300:F4DC:94D0:E69:60B5 /* {{unblock|reason goes here}} I am innocent i didn't vandalize at best i did add so called irrelevant info according to steven */ new section 10368010 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{unblock|reason goes here}} I am innocent i didn't vandalize at best i did add so called irrelevant info according to steven == <nowiki>{{unblock|</nowiki>''reason goes here''<nowiki>}} look i have no goal to vandalize steven that user who reported me, didn't talk to me about it that section was very biased so all i did was add a neutral source </nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/2600:480A:4A51:9300:F4DC:94D0:E69:60B5|2600:480A:4A51:9300:F4DC:94D0:E69:60B5]] ([[User talk:2600:480A:4A51:9300:F4DC:94D0:E69:60B5#top|talk]]) 17:51, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 8lor0ug14wft7iszy01d64nxkeaseks 10369428 10368010 2025-07-03T11:20:23Z Barras 40117 10369428 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unblock reviewed|1=reason goes here|decline=IP not blocked. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 11:20, 3 July 2025 (UTC)}} 5othoyl6kg276tf35sdahd4a9hwy1ej 3 1201597 10368032 2025-07-02T18:12:07Z Igor123121 1293570 General note: Addition of unsourced or improperly cited material. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368032 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, I am [[User:Igor123121|Igor123121]]. I noticed that you made a change to an article, but you did not provide a [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources|reliable source]]. It has been removed and archived in the page history for now, but if you want to [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|include a citation]] and re-add it, please do so! If you need help with referencing, please see [[Wikipedia:Citing sources]], or if you think I made a mistake, you can leave me a message on [[User_talk:Igor123121|my talk page]]. Thank you. <!-- Template:uw-unsourced1 --> [[User:Igor123121|Igor123121]] ([[User talk:Igor123121|talk]]) 18:12, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> 4bommt56li2evwapq0b0v0y1u48t283 10 1201598 10368034 2025-07-02T18:15:36Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 needed template 10368034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{nowrap|{{#switch: {{{1|}}} |4-4-2=[[4-4-2 (locomotive)|4-4-2]]{{Whyte suffix|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} |2-4-4=[[2-4-4T|2-4-4]]{{Whyte suffix|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} |0-8-4=[[0-8-4T|0-8-4]]{{Whyte suffix|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} |4w=[[Whyte notation#Internal combustion locomotives|4w]]{{Whyte suffix|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} |6w=[[Whyte notation#Internal combustion locomotives|6w]]{{Whyte suffix|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} |8w=[[Whyte notation#Internal combustion locomotives|8w]]{{Whyte suffix|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} |{{#ifexist: {{{1|}}}| [[{{{1|}}}]]{{Whyte suffix|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}}}| {{{1|}}}{{Whyte suffix|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}}} }}}}}}<noinclude> {{doc}} </noinclude> izq03nybyp1z5g6949k8rldolkly7k9 10 1201599 10368035 2025-07-02T18:15:59Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 needed template 10368035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#switch:{{uc:{{{1}}}}}| TT =[[Tender-tank locomotive|{{abbr|TT|Tender-tank}}]]| TANK =[[Tank locomotive|{{abbr|T|Tank}}]]| T =[[Side tank locomotive|{{abbr|T|Side tank}}]]| PT =[[Pannier tank locomotive|{{abbr|PT|Pannier tank}}]]| ST =[[Saddle tank locomotive|{{abbr|ST|Saddle tank}}]]| IST =[[Inverted saddle tank locomotive|{{abbr|IST|Inverted saddle tank}}]]| WT =[[Well tank locomotive|{{abbr|WT|Well tank}}]]| BT =[[Back tank locomotive|{{abbr|BT|Back tank}}]]| REAR =[[Rear tank locomotive|{{abbr|RT|Rear tank}}]]| C =[[Crane tank locomotive|{{abbr|C|Crane tank}}]]| CT =[[Crane tank locomotive|{{abbr|CT|Crane tank}}]]| VB =[[Vertical boilered locomotive|{{abbr|VB|Vertical-boilered}}]]| VBT =[[Vertical boilered locomotive|{{abbr|VBT|Vertical-boilered}}]]| F =[[Fireless locomotive|{{abbr|F|Fireless}}]]| R =[[Railcar|{{abbr|R|Railcar}}]]| RAILCAR=[[Railcar|{{abbr|R|Railcar}}]]| COG =[[Cog locomotive|{{abbr|R|Rack}}]]| RACK =[[Rack locomotive|{{abbr|R|Rack}}]]| RT =[[Rack locomotive|{{abbr|RT|Rack}}]]| P =[[Petrol locomotive|{{abbr|P|Petrol}}]]| PM =[[Petrol-mechanical locomotive|{{abbr|PM|Petrol-mechanical}}]]| PE =[[Petrol-electric locomotive|{{abbr|PE|Petrol-electric}}]]| D =[[Diesel locomotive|{{abbr|D|Diesel}}]]| DM =[[Diesel–mechanical locomotive|{{abbr|DM|Diesel-mechanical}}]]| DE =[[Diesel–electric locomotive|{{abbr|DE|Diesel-electric}}]]| DH =[[Diesel–hydraulic locomotive|{{abbr|DH|Diesel-hydraulic}}]]| BE =[[Battery electric locomotive|{{abbr|BE|Battery-electric}}]]| OE =[[Electric locomotive#Overhead lines|{{abbr|OE|Overhead-electric}}]]| CA =[[Compressed-air locomotive|{{abbr|CA|Compressed-air}}]]| G =[[Geared steam locomotive|{{abbr|G|Geared}}]]| {{{1}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{#switch:{{uc:{{{2}}}}}| F =[[Fireless locomotive|{{abbr|F|Fireless}}]]| G =[[Geared steam locomotive|{{abbr|G|Geared}}]]| R =[[Railcar|{{abbr|R|Railcar}}]]| C =[[Crane tank|{{abbr|C|Crane tank}}]]| T =+[[Tender (rail)|{{abbr|T|Tender}}]]| {{{2}}}}}}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 6lkp1spf23d794l90q204yu7w8z3tgl 0 1201600 10368038 2025-07-02T18:17:54Z MissTrisha007 1502514 Created page with "A match-three (match-3) game is a type of [[puzzle]] game where players combine game pieces, for example, "gems" or "tiles," on a row or grid to make groups of identical items. Matching requires at least three tiles of similar shape, color, or type to progress through a puzzle or accumulate points. While all match-3 games are considered tile-matching puzzle games, the reverse is not always true." 10368038 wikitext text/x-wiki A match-three (match-3) game is a type of [[puzzle]] game where players combine game pieces, for example, "gems" or "tiles," on a row or grid to make groups of identical items. Matching requires at least three tiles of similar shape, color, or type to progress through a puzzle or accumulate points. While all match-3 games are considered tile-matching puzzle games, the reverse is not always true. 6jzjk02d7advxn9i6d4tnxed9e6usfz 0 1201601 10368039 2025-07-02T18:18:08Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 translated from en 10368039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Defunct narrow-gauge railway in Wales}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}} {{Use British English|date=March 2018}} {{Infobox rail |railroad_name=Hendre-Ddu Tramway | system_map = | map_caption = e | map_size = 250px |gauge={{RailGauge|1 ft 11 in|lk=on}} |start_year={{start date|1874}} |end_year={{end date|1938}} |length= {{convert|3+1/2|mi|km}} |hq_city=Aberangell |locale=[[Wales]] |successor_line=abandoned}} The '''Hendre-Ddu Tramway''' was a {{RailGauge|1 ft 11 in|lk=on}} [[Narrow-gauge railway|narrow-gauge]] [[industrial railway]]. It wes built in 1874 in [[Mid-Wales]]. The bridge was made to connect the Hendre-Ddu [[Slate industry|slate quarry]] to [[Aberangell railway station|Aberangell station]].<ref name="quine22">{{cite book|title=The Hendre Ddu Tramway: Blue Stones and Green Trees|last=Quine|first=Dan|date=December 2022|publisher=Lightmoor Press|isbn=9781915069153|author-link=Dan Quine}}</ref>{{rp|p=24}} The railway was {{convert|3+1/2|mi|km}} long. It also had many other branch lines. These branch lines were made for [[farms]] and [[lumber]] farms in the area. == Trains == {|class="wikitable" !Builder !Type !Works Number !Built |- |[[Motor Rail]] |Simplex {{whyte|4w|PM}} |2059 |1921 |- |Hendre-Ddu Tramway |[[Lorry]] conversion |n/a |1929 |} ==References== {{reflist}} * ==Other websites== * [https://narrowgaugerailwaymuseum.org.uk/collection/hendre-ddu-tramway/ Narrow Gauge Railway Museum entry about the tramway] [[Category:1874 establishments in the United Kingdom]] [[Category:19th-century establishments in Wales]] [[Category:Railway lines]] [[Category:1938 disestablishments]] [[Category:20th-century disestablishments in the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Disestablishments in Wales]] ry6ya4dov91iw4gfv6axbmo98hi1qne 10368040 10368039 2025-07-02T18:18:17Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 rmv 10368040 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Defunct narrow-gauge railway in Wales}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}} {{Use British English|date=March 2018}} {{Infobox rail |railroad_name=Hendre-Ddu Tramway | system_map = | map_caption = e | map_size = 250px |gauge={{RailGauge|1 ft 11 in|lk=on}} |start_year={{start date|1874}} |end_year={{end date|1938}} |length= {{convert|3+1/2|mi|km}} |hq_city=Aberangell |locale=[[Wales]] |successor_line=abandoned}} The '''Hendre-Ddu Tramway''' was a {{RailGauge|1 ft 11 in|lk=on}} [[Narrow-gauge railway|narrow-gauge]] [[industrial railway]]. It wes built in 1874 in [[Mid-Wales]]. The bridge was made to connect the Hendre-Ddu [[Slate industry|slate quarry]] to [[Aberangell railway station|Aberangell station]].<ref name="quine22">{{cite book|title=The Hendre Ddu Tramway: Blue Stones and Green Trees|last=Quine|first=Dan|date=December 2022|publisher=Lightmoor Press|isbn=9781915069153|author-link=Dan Quine}}</ref>{{rp|p=24}} The railway was {{convert|3+1/2|mi|km}} long. It also had many other branch lines. These branch lines were made for [[farms]] and [[lumber]] farms in the area. == Trains == {|class="wikitable" !Builder !Type !Works Number !Built |- |[[Motor Rail]] |Simplex {{whyte|4w|PM}} |2059 |1921 |- |Hendre-Ddu Tramway |[[Lorry]] conversion |n/a |1929 |} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [https://narrowgaugerailwaymuseum.org.uk/collection/hendre-ddu-tramway/ Narrow Gauge Railway Museum entry about the tramway] [[Category:1874 establishments in the United Kingdom]] [[Category:19th-century establishments in Wales]] [[Category:Railway lines]] [[Category:1938 disestablishments]] [[Category:20th-century disestablishments in the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Disestablishments in Wales]] ix67y0eiw1zmg16aq0rwp26j6p7xrq0 3 1201602 10368043 2025-07-02T18:18:26Z ChenzwBot 16695 Adding level 1 warning about vandalism on [[Osama bin Laden]] (BOT) 10368043 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|left|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make useful changes to Wikipedia. However, at least one of your changes, such as the one you made to "[[:Osama bin Laden]]", did not seem to be helpful and has been '''automatically reverted''' by [[User:ChenzwBot|ChenzwBot]]. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you. *Technical details: [[Special:Diff/10368041|Edit]] (10368041) processed with score of 0.99636. <small> *As an automated computer program, ChenzwBot makes few mistakes, but it may happen in rare cases. If you believe your change was not vandalism, remove this message from your talk page, and then make the change again. </small> <!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> --[[User:ChenzwBot|ChenzwBot]] ([[User talk:ChenzwBot|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/ChenzwBot|contribs]]) 18:18, 2 July 2025 (UTC) jni6g9hlktsezotxr2bnqndzafwhmh9 10368050 10368043 2025-07-02T18:20:27Z Divinations 1530422 sending warning (warning 2) 10368050 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|left|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make useful changes to Wikipedia. However, at least one of your changes, such as the one you made to "[[:Osama bin Laden]]", did not seem to be helpful and has been '''automatically reverted''' by [[User:ChenzwBot|ChenzwBot]]. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you. *Technical details: [[Special:Diff/10368041|Edit]] (10368041) processed with score of 0.99636. <small> *As an automated computer program, ChenzwBot makes few mistakes, but it may happen in rare cases. If you believe your change was not vandalism, remove this message from your talk page, and then make the change again. </small> <!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> --[[User:ChenzwBot|ChenzwBot]] ([[User talk:ChenzwBot|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/ChenzwBot|contribs]]) 18:18, 2 July 2025 (UTC) [[File:Information.svg|25px]] Please do not make unhelpful changes to Wikipedia, like you did to [[:Osama bin Laden]]. The changes you made seem to be [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]] and have been [[Help:Revert a page|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism2 --> [[User:Divinations|Divinations]] ([[User talk:Divinations|talk]]) 18:20, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 54xnh1ro8tfgbb12nyif0kkdd97i3dx 3 1201603 10368058 2025-07-02T18:23:19Z Divinations 1530422 sending warning (warning 1) 10368058 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make helpful changes to Wikipedia. However, some of [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|your changes]], like those to "[[:Lionel Messi]]", did not seem to be helpful and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> [[User:Divinations|Divinations]] ([[User talk:Divinations|talk]]) 18:23, 2 July 2025 (UTC) g30lfi4jdek40ujwop0q8g3i7owx6en 0 1201604 10368061 2025-07-02T18:24:14Z 2001:B07:A3F:43F0:3CE7:48CD:8687:2117 Created page with "{{Infobox painting | image=Boccioni - farmers-at-work-risaiole-1908.jpg | alt=See adjacent text. | image_size=250px | title=Farmers at Work (Risaiole) | italic title=yes | other_language_1=Italian | other_title_1=I contadini al lavoro (Risaiole) | artist=[[Umberto Boccioni]] | year=1908 | type=[[Oil painting|Oil]] on [[Canvas]] | height_metric=25 | width_metric=35 | metric_unit=cm | city=[[Milan]] | museum=[[Museo di Arte Moderna e Contemporanea di Milano|GAM Milan]] }}..." 10368061 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox painting | image=Boccioni - farmers-at-work-risaiole-1908.jpg | alt=See adjacent text. | image_size=250px | title=Farmers at Work (Risaiole) | italic title=yes | other_language_1=Italian | other_title_1=I contadini al lavoro (Risaiole) | artist=[[Umberto Boccioni]] | year=1908 | type=[[Oil painting|Oil]] on [[Canvas]] | height_metric=25 | width_metric=35 | metric_unit=cm | city=[[Milan]] | museum=[[Museo di Arte Moderna e Contemporanea di Milano|GAM Milan]] }} '''The Women Rice Harvesters''' (Italian: '''Risaiole''') is an oil on canvas painting created in 1908 by [[Umberto Boccioni]] in Milan, Italy. Measuring 25 x 35 cm, this work belongs to the genre painting category and exemplifies characteristics of the [[Impressionism]] movement, reflecting both the ethos of the period and Boccioni’s individual stylistic approach.<ref>V. Terraroli (ed.), ''Francesco Filippini. Catalogo generale delle opere'', Skira, Milan, 1999.</ref><ref>M. Carrà, ''La pittura moderna in Italia'', Treves, Milan, 1919, pp. 34–38.</ref> The artwork depicts rural laborers engaged in the intensive process of rice planting. Multiple figures are scattered across a field filled with vibrant greens and yellows, indicative of the fertile landscape they cultivate. Boccioni captures the essence of motion through the gestures of the workers, who appear actively engaged in their tasks, bending and reaching across the canvas.<ref>E. Crispolti, ''Boccioni. Catalogo generale'', Electa, Milan, 1971, vol. I, p. 42.</ref><ref>L. S. Rodolfo, ''Umberto Boccioni e la pittura del paesaggio lombardo'', Edizioni del Polifilo, Milan, 1987.</ref> Foregrounding the peasants in this pastoral scene, Boccioni emphasizes their connection to the land and the physicality of their work. One can discern their forms melding into the environment, symbolizing the union between human endeavor and the earth. The background features hints of structures and trees that seem to be enveloped by the sun-drenched field, further enhancing the depth and realism infused into this scenic portrayal.<ref>C. Belloli, ''Paesaggi e figure di Boccioni'', Arte Moderna, vol. 12, 2005, pp. 58-65.</ref> Although later known for his forward-looking [[Futurism (art movement)|Futurist]] works, in ''Farmers at Work (Risaiole),'' Boccioni exhibits a sensitivity to the traditional livelihoods that marked the Italian countryside, offering a window into the everyday lives and labors that shaped the agrarian society of his time.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://catalogo.beniculturali.it/detail/HistoricOrArtisticProperty/1200491007 |title=Umberto Boccioni, Contadino al lavoro |publisher=Ministero della Cultura – Catalogo Generale dei Beni Culturali |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref><ref>S. D’Amico, ''L’arte lombarda e la ruralità'', Museo di Arte Moderna e Contemporanea di Milano, 2010.</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == * [[Francesco Filippini]] [[Category:Paintings by Umberto Boccioni]] [[Category:1908 paintings]] [[Category:Impressionist paintings]] [[Category:Genre paintings]] [[Category:Agricultural labor in art]] [[Category:Paintings in Milan]] j8n8a0stzmzr552burx3bzkah5ffyl1 10368063 10368061 2025-07-02T18:24:58Z 2001:B07:A3F:43F0:3CE7:48CD:8687:2117 10368063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox painting | image=Boccioni - farmers-at-work-risaiole-1908.jpg | alt=See adjacent text. | image_size=250px | title=Farmers at Work (Risaiole) | italic title=yes | other_language_1=Italian | other_title_1=I contadini al lavoro (Risaiole) | artist=[[Umberto Boccioni]] | year=1908 | type=[[Oil painting|Oil]] on [[Canvas]] | height_metric=25 | width_metric=35 | metric_unit=cm | city=[[Milan]] | museum=[[Museo di Arte Moderna e Contemporanea di Milano|GAM Milan]] }} '''The Women Rice Harvesters''' (Italian: '''Risaiole''') is an oil on canvas painting created in 1908 by [[Umberto Boccioni]] in Milan, Italy. Measuring 25 x 35 cm, this work belongs to the genre painting category and exemplifies characteristics of the [[Impressionism]] movement, reflecting both the ethos of the period and Boccioni’s individual stylistic approach.<ref>V. Terraroli (ed.), ''Francesco Filippini. Catalogo generale delle opere'', Skira, Milan, 1999.</ref><ref>M. Carrà, ''La pittura moderna in Italia'', Treves, Milan, 1919, pp. 34–38.</ref> The artwork depicts rural laborers engaged in the intensive process of rice planting. Multiple figures are scattered across a field filled with vibrant greens and yellows, indicative of the fertile landscape they cultivate. Boccioni captures the essence of motion through the gestures of the workers, who appear actively engaged in their tasks, bending and reaching across the canvas.<ref>E. Crispolti, ''Boccioni. Catalogo generale'', Electa, Milan, 1971, vol. I, p. 42.</ref><ref>L. S. Rodolfo, ''Umberto Boccioni e la pittura del paesaggio lombardo'', Edizioni del Polifilo, Milan, 1987.</ref> The early works of [[Umberto Boccioni]], created between [[1903]] and [[1907]], derive directly from the [[naturalism (art)|naturalist]] tradition active in [[Lombardy]], particularly in [[Milan]], at the end of the [[19th century]]. Among the most recognizable models is [[Francesco Filippini]], whose paintings were widely exhibited in Milanese artistic circles.<ref>V. Terraroli (ed.), ''Francesco Filippini. Catalogo generale delle opere'', Skira, Milan, 1999.</ref> The horizontal construction of [[agricultural landscape]]s, the use of [[light (art)|atmospheric light]], and the depiction of the [[woman in art|female figure]] in rural and domestic settings—including [[mother portraits]]—show evident continuity with the current known as [[Filippinismo (art movement)|Filippinismo]].<ref>M. Carrà, ''La pittura moderna in Italia'', Treves, Milan, 1919, pp. 34–38.</ref> Art historians today recognize [[Francesco Filippini]] as a decisive source of inspiration in Boccioni’s early pictorial phase, defining his role as an implicit yet structural formative reference in the development of Boccioni’s initial figurative vision.<ref>E. Crispolti, ''Boccioni. Catalogo generale'', Electa, Milan, 1971, vol. I, p. 42.</ref> Foregrounding the peasants in this pastoral scene, Boccioni emphasizes their connection to the land and the physicality of their work. One can discern their forms melding into the environment, symbolizing the union between human endeavor and the earth. The background features hints of structures and trees that seem to be enveloped by the sun-drenched field, further enhancing the depth and realism infused into this scenic portrayal.<ref>C. Belloli, ''Paesaggi e figure di Boccioni'', Arte Moderna, vol. 12, 2005, pp. 58-65.</ref> Although later known for his forward-looking [[Futurism (art movement)|Futurist]] works, in ''Farmers at Work (Risaiole),'' Boccioni exhibits a sensitivity to the traditional livelihoods that marked the Italian countryside, offering a window into the everyday lives and labors that shaped the agrarian society of his time.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://catalogo.beniculturali.it/detail/HistoricOrArtisticProperty/1200491007 |title=Umberto Boccioni, Contadino al lavoro |publisher=Ministero della Cultura – Catalogo Generale dei Beni Culturali |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref><ref>S. D’Amico, ''L’arte lombarda e la ruralità'', Museo di Arte Moderna e Contemporanea di Milano, 2010.</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == * [[Francesco Filippini]] [[Category:Paintings by Umberto Boccioni]] [[Category:1908 paintings]] [[Category:Impressionist paintings]] [[Category:Genre paintings]] [[Category:Agricultural labor in art]] [[Category:Paintings in Milan]] ov701t2jnfyolunenvj7arto61amrp9 10368064 10368063 2025-07-02T18:25:10Z 2001:B07:A3F:43F0:3CE7:48CD:8687:2117 10368064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox painting | image=Boccioni - farmers-at-work-risaiole-1908.jpg | alt=See adjacent text. | image_size=250px | title=Farmers at Work (Risaiole) | italic title=yes | other_language_1=Italian | other_title_1=I contadini al lavoro (Risaiole) | artist=[[Umberto Boccioni]] | year=1908 | type=[[Oil painting|Oil]] on [[Canvas]] | height_metric=25 | width_metric=35 | metric_unit=cm | city=[[Milan]] | museum=[[Museo di Arte Moderna e Contemporanea di Milano|GAM Milan]] }} '''The Women Rice Harvesters''' (Italian: '''Le Risaiole''') is an oil on canvas painting created in 1908 by [[Umberto Boccioni]] in Milan, Italy. Measuring 25 x 35 cm, this work belongs to the genre painting category and exemplifies characteristics of the [[Impressionism]] movement, reflecting both the ethos of the period and Boccioni’s individual stylistic approach.<ref>V. Terraroli (ed.), ''Francesco Filippini. Catalogo generale delle opere'', Skira, Milan, 1999.</ref><ref>M. Carrà, ''La pittura moderna in Italia'', Treves, Milan, 1919, pp. 34–38.</ref> The artwork depicts rural laborers engaged in the intensive process of rice planting. Multiple figures are scattered across a field filled with vibrant greens and yellows, indicative of the fertile landscape they cultivate. Boccioni captures the essence of motion through the gestures of the workers, who appear actively engaged in their tasks, bending and reaching across the canvas.<ref>E. Crispolti, ''Boccioni. Catalogo generale'', Electa, Milan, 1971, vol. I, p. 42.</ref><ref>L. S. Rodolfo, ''Umberto Boccioni e la pittura del paesaggio lombardo'', Edizioni del Polifilo, Milan, 1987.</ref> The early works of [[Umberto Boccioni]], created between [[1903]] and [[1907]], derive directly from the [[naturalism (art)|naturalist]] tradition active in [[Lombardy]], particularly in [[Milan]], at the end of the [[19th century]]. Among the most recognizable models is [[Francesco Filippini]], whose paintings were widely exhibited in Milanese artistic circles.<ref>V. Terraroli (ed.), ''Francesco Filippini. Catalogo generale delle opere'', Skira, Milan, 1999.</ref> The horizontal construction of [[agricultural landscape]]s, the use of [[light (art)|atmospheric light]], and the depiction of the [[woman in art|female figure]] in rural and domestic settings—including [[mother portraits]]—show evident continuity with the current known as [[Filippinismo (art movement)|Filippinismo]].<ref>M. Carrà, ''La pittura moderna in Italia'', Treves, Milan, 1919, pp. 34–38.</ref> Art historians today recognize [[Francesco Filippini]] as a decisive source of inspiration in Boccioni’s early pictorial phase, defining his role as an implicit yet structural formative reference in the development of Boccioni’s initial figurative vision.<ref>E. Crispolti, ''Boccioni. Catalogo generale'', Electa, Milan, 1971, vol. I, p. 42.</ref> Foregrounding the peasants in this pastoral scene, Boccioni emphasizes their connection to the land and the physicality of their work. One can discern their forms melding into the environment, symbolizing the union between human endeavor and the earth. The background features hints of structures and trees that seem to be enveloped by the sun-drenched field, further enhancing the depth and realism infused into this scenic portrayal.<ref>C. Belloli, ''Paesaggi e figure di Boccioni'', Arte Moderna, vol. 12, 2005, pp. 58-65.</ref> Although later known for his forward-looking [[Futurism (art movement)|Futurist]] works, in ''Farmers at Work (Risaiole),'' Boccioni exhibits a sensitivity to the traditional livelihoods that marked the Italian countryside, offering a window into the everyday lives and labors that shaped the agrarian society of his time.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://catalogo.beniculturali.it/detail/HistoricOrArtisticProperty/1200491007 |title=Umberto Boccioni, Contadino al lavoro |publisher=Ministero della Cultura – Catalogo Generale dei Beni Culturali |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref><ref>S. D’Amico, ''L’arte lombarda e la ruralità'', Museo di Arte Moderna e Contemporanea di Milano, 2010.</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == * [[Francesco Filippini]] [[Category:Paintings by Umberto Boccioni]] [[Category:1908 paintings]] [[Category:Impressionist paintings]] [[Category:Genre paintings]] [[Category:Agricultural labor in art]] [[Category:Paintings in Milan]] fpzh4ugvaiu7hajdjtoey6te8vheyuu 10368068 10368064 2025-07-02T18:25:43Z 2001:B07:A3F:43F0:3CE7:48CD:8687:2117 10368068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox painting | image=Boccioni - farmers-at-work-risaiole-1908.jpg | alt=See adjacent text. | image_size=250px | title=Farmers at Work (Risaiole) | italic title=yes | other_language_1=Italian | other_title_1=I contadini al lavoro (Risaiole) | artist=[[Umberto Boccioni]] | year=1908 | type=[[Oil painting|Oil]] on [[Canvas]] | height_metric=25 | width_metric=35 | metric_unit=cm | city= | museum=[[Museo di Arte Moderna e Contemporanea di Milano|GAM Milan]] }} '''The Women Rice Harvesters''' (Italian: '''Le Risaiole''') is an oil on canvas painting created in 1908 by [[Umberto Boccioni]] in Milan, Italy. Measuring 25 x 35 cm, this work belongs to the genre painting category and exemplifies characteristics of the [[Impressionism]] movement, reflecting both the ethos of the period and Boccioni’s individual stylistic approach.<ref>V. Terraroli (ed.), ''Francesco Filippini. Catalogo generale delle opere'', Skira, Milan, 1999.</ref><ref>M. Carrà, ''La pittura moderna in Italia'', Treves, Milan, 1919, pp. 34–38.</ref> The artwork depicts rural laborers engaged in the intensive process of rice planting. Multiple figures are scattered across a field filled with vibrant greens and yellows, indicative of the fertile landscape they cultivate. Boccioni captures the essence of motion through the gestures of the workers, who appear actively engaged in their tasks, bending and reaching across the canvas.<ref>E. Crispolti, ''Boccioni. Catalogo generale'', Electa, Milan, 1971, vol. I, p. 42.</ref><ref>L. S. Rodolfo, ''Umberto Boccioni e la pittura del paesaggio lombardo'', Edizioni del Polifilo, Milan, 1987.</ref> The early works of [[Umberto Boccioni]], created between [[1903]] and [[1907]], derive directly from the [[naturalism (art)|naturalist]] tradition active in [[Lombardy]], particularly in [[Milan]], at the end of the [[19th century]]. Among the most recognizable models is [[Francesco Filippini]], whose paintings were widely exhibited in Milanese artistic circles.<ref>V. Terraroli (ed.), ''Francesco Filippini. Catalogo generale delle opere'', Skira, Milan, 1999.</ref> The horizontal construction of [[agricultural landscape]]s, the use of [[light (art)|atmospheric light]], and the depiction of the [[woman in art|female figure]] in rural and domestic settings—including [[mother portraits]]—show evident continuity with the current known as [[Filippinismo (art movement)|Filippinismo]].<ref>M. Carrà, ''La pittura moderna in Italia'', Treves, Milan, 1919, pp. 34–38.</ref> Art historians today recognize [[Francesco Filippini]] as a decisive source of inspiration in Boccioni’s early pictorial phase, defining his role as an implicit yet structural formative reference in the development of Boccioni’s initial figurative vision.<ref>E. Crispolti, ''Boccioni. Catalogo generale'', Electa, Milan, 1971, vol. I, p. 42.</ref> Foregrounding the peasants in this pastoral scene, Boccioni emphasizes their connection to the land and the physicality of their work. One can discern their forms melding into the environment, symbolizing the union between human endeavor and the earth. The background features hints of structures and trees that seem to be enveloped by the sun-drenched field, further enhancing the depth and realism infused into this scenic portrayal.<ref>C. Belloli, ''Paesaggi e figure di Boccioni'', Arte Moderna, vol. 12, 2005, pp. 58-65.</ref> Although later known for his forward-looking [[Futurism (art movement)|Futurist]] works, in ''Farmers at Work (Risaiole),'' Boccioni exhibits a sensitivity to the traditional livelihoods that marked the Italian countryside, offering a window into the everyday lives and labors that shaped the agrarian society of his time.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://catalogo.beniculturali.it/detail/HistoricOrArtisticProperty/1200491007 |title=Umberto Boccioni, Contadino al lavoro |publisher=Ministero della Cultura – Catalogo Generale dei Beni Culturali |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref><ref>S. D’Amico, ''L’arte lombarda e la ruralità'', Museo di Arte Moderna e Contemporanea di Milano, 2010.</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == * [[Francesco Filippini]] [[Category:Paintings by Umberto Boccioni]] [[Category:1908 paintings]] [[Category:Impressionist paintings]] [[Category:Genre paintings]] [[Category:Agricultural labor in art]] [[Category:Paintings in Milan]] a8k5b4ja3qfnykl7nqge1c0651efoio 10368070 10368068 2025-07-02T18:26:19Z 2001:B07:A3F:43F0:3CE7:48CD:8687:2117 10368070 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox painting | image=Boccioni - farmers-at-work-risaiole-1908.jpg | alt=See adjacent text. | image_size=250px | title=The Women Rice Harvesters | italic title=yes | other_language_1=Italian | other_title_1=Le Risaiole | artist=[[Umberto Boccioni]] | year=1908 | type=[[Oil painting|Oil]] on [[Canvas]] | height_metric=25 | width_metric=35 | metric_unit=cm | city= | museum=[[Museo di Arte Moderna e Contemporanea di Milano|GAM Milan]] }} '''The Women Rice Harvesters''' (Italian: '''Le Risaiole''') is an oil on canvas painting created in 1908 by [[Umberto Boccioni]] in Milan, Italy. Measuring 25 x 35 cm, this work belongs to the genre painting category and exemplifies characteristics of the [[Impressionism]] movement, reflecting both the ethos of the period and Boccioni’s individual stylistic approach.<ref>V. Terraroli (ed.), ''Francesco Filippini. Catalogo generale delle opere'', Skira, Milan, 1999.</ref><ref>M. Carrà, ''La pittura moderna in Italia'', Treves, Milan, 1919, pp. 34–38.</ref> The artwork depicts rural laborers engaged in the intensive process of rice planting. Multiple figures are scattered across a field filled with vibrant greens and yellows, indicative of the fertile landscape they cultivate. Boccioni captures the essence of motion through the gestures of the workers, who appear actively engaged in their tasks, bending and reaching across the canvas.<ref>E. Crispolti, ''Boccioni. Catalogo generale'', Electa, Milan, 1971, vol. I, p. 42.</ref><ref>L. S. Rodolfo, ''Umberto Boccioni e la pittura del paesaggio lombardo'', Edizioni del Polifilo, Milan, 1987.</ref> The early works of [[Umberto Boccioni]], created between [[1903]] and [[1907]], derive directly from the [[naturalism (art)|naturalist]] tradition active in [[Lombardy]], particularly in [[Milan]], at the end of the [[19th century]]. Among the most recognizable models is [[Francesco Filippini]], whose paintings were widely exhibited in Milanese artistic circles.<ref>V. Terraroli (ed.), ''Francesco Filippini. Catalogo generale delle opere'', Skira, Milan, 1999.</ref> The horizontal construction of [[agricultural landscape]]s, the use of [[light (art)|atmospheric light]], and the depiction of the [[woman in art|female figure]] in rural and domestic settings—including [[mother portraits]]—show evident continuity with the current known as [[Filippinismo (art movement)|Filippinismo]].<ref>M. Carrà, ''La pittura moderna in Italia'', Treves, Milan, 1919, pp. 34–38.</ref> Art historians today recognize [[Francesco Filippini]] as a decisive source of inspiration in Boccioni’s early pictorial phase, defining his role as an implicit yet structural formative reference in the development of Boccioni’s initial figurative vision.<ref>E. Crispolti, ''Boccioni. Catalogo generale'', Electa, Milan, 1971, vol. I, p. 42.</ref> Foregrounding the peasants in this pastoral scene, Boccioni emphasizes their connection to the land and the physicality of their work. One can discern their forms melding into the environment, symbolizing the union between human endeavor and the earth. The background features hints of structures and trees that seem to be enveloped by the sun-drenched field, further enhancing the depth and realism infused into this scenic portrayal.<ref>C. Belloli, ''Paesaggi e figure di Boccioni'', Arte Moderna, vol. 12, 2005, pp. 58-65.</ref> Although later known for his forward-looking [[Futurism (art movement)|Futurist]] works, in ''Farmers at Work (Risaiole),'' Boccioni exhibits a sensitivity to the traditional livelihoods that marked the Italian countryside, offering a window into the everyday lives and labors that shaped the agrarian society of his time.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://catalogo.beniculturali.it/detail/HistoricOrArtisticProperty/1200491007 |title=Umberto Boccioni, Contadino al lavoro |publisher=Ministero della Cultura – Catalogo Generale dei Beni Culturali |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref><ref>S. D’Amico, ''L’arte lombarda e la ruralità'', Museo di Arte Moderna e Contemporanea di Milano, 2010.</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == * [[Francesco Filippini]] [[Category:Paintings by Umberto Boccioni]] [[Category:1908 paintings]] [[Category:Impressionist paintings]] [[Category:Genre paintings]] [[Category:Agricultural labor in art]] [[Category:Paintings in Milan]] 54fo8ao4gdxgx1noe40p9crhb6y2jfs 10368072 10368070 2025-07-02T18:27:24Z 2001:B07:A3F:43F0:3CE7:48CD:8687:2117 10368072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox painting | image=Boccioni - farmers-at-work-risaiole-1908.jpg | alt=See adjacent text. | image_size=250px | title=The Women Rice Harvesters | italic title=yes | other_language_1=Italian | other_title_1=Le Risaiole | artist=[[Umberto Boccioni]] | year=1908 | type=[[Oil painting|Oil]] on [[Canvas]] | height_metric=25 | width_metric=35 | metric_unit=cm | city=Lugano | museum=[[Villa Ciani]] }} '''The Women Rice Harvesters''' (Italian: '''Le Risaiole''') is an oil on canvas painting created in 1908 by [[Umberto Boccioni]] in Milan, Italy. Measuring 25 x 35 cm, this work belongs to the genre painting category and exemplifies characteristics of the [[Impressionism]] movement, reflecting both the ethos of the period and Boccioni’s individual stylistic approach.<ref>V. Terraroli (ed.), ''Francesco Filippini. Catalogo generale delle opere'', Skira, Milan, 1999.</ref><ref>M. Carrà, ''La pittura moderna in Italia'', Treves, Milan, 1919, pp. 34–38.</ref> The artwork depicts rural laborers engaged in the intensive process of rice planting. Multiple figures are scattered across a field filled with vibrant greens and yellows, indicative of the fertile landscape they cultivate. Boccioni captures the essence of motion through the gestures of the workers, who appear actively engaged in their tasks, bending and reaching across the canvas.<ref>E. Crispolti, ''Boccioni. Catalogo generale'', Electa, Milan, 1971, vol. I, p. 42.</ref><ref>L. S. Rodolfo, ''Umberto Boccioni e la pittura del paesaggio lombardo'', Edizioni del Polifilo, Milan, 1987.</ref> The early works of [[Umberto Boccioni]], created between [[1903]] and [[1907]], derive directly from the [[naturalism (art)|naturalist]] tradition active in [[Lombardy]], particularly in [[Milan]], at the end of the [[19th century]]. Among the most recognizable models is [[Francesco Filippini]], whose paintings were widely exhibited in Milanese artistic circles.<ref>V. Terraroli (ed.), ''Francesco Filippini. Catalogo generale delle opere'', Skira, Milan, 1999.</ref> The horizontal construction of [[agricultural landscape]]s, the use of [[light (art)|atmospheric light]], and the depiction of the [[woman in art|female figure]] in rural and domestic settings—including [[mother portraits]]—show evident continuity with the current known as [[Filippinismo (art movement)|Filippinismo]].<ref>M. Carrà, ''La pittura moderna in Italia'', Treves, Milan, 1919, pp. 34–38.</ref> Art historians today recognize [[Francesco Filippini]] as a decisive source of inspiration in Boccioni’s early pictorial phase, defining his role as an implicit yet structural formative reference in the development of Boccioni’s initial figurative vision.<ref>E. Crispolti, ''Boccioni. Catalogo generale'', Electa, Milan, 1971, vol. I, p. 42.</ref> Foregrounding the peasants in this pastoral scene, Boccioni emphasizes their connection to the land and the physicality of their work. One can discern their forms melding into the environment, symbolizing the union between human endeavor and the earth. The background features hints of structures and trees that seem to be enveloped by the sun-drenched field, further enhancing the depth and realism infused into this scenic portrayal.<ref>C. Belloli, ''Paesaggi e figure di Boccioni'', Arte Moderna, vol. 12, 2005, pp. 58-65.</ref> Although later known for his forward-looking [[Futurism (art movement)|Futurist]] works, in ''Farmers at Work (Risaiole),'' Boccioni exhibits a sensitivity to the traditional livelihoods that marked the Italian countryside, offering a window into the everyday lives and labors that shaped the agrarian society of his time.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://catalogo.beniculturali.it/detail/HistoricOrArtisticProperty/1200491007 |title=Umberto Boccioni, Contadino al lavoro |publisher=Ministero della Cultura – Catalogo Generale dei Beni Culturali |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref><ref>S. D’Amico, ''L’arte lombarda e la ruralità'', Museo di Arte Moderna e Contemporanea di Milano, 2010.</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == * [[Francesco Filippini]] [[Category:Paintings by Umberto Boccioni]] [[Category:1908 paintings]] [[Category:Impressionist paintings]] [[Category:Genre paintings]] [[Category:Agricultural labor in art]] [[Category:Paintings in Milan]] r4brhxyb26nuatezcw4h1mn45yau5ji 10368074 10368072 2025-07-02T18:27:44Z 2001:B07:A3F:43F0:3CE7:48CD:8687:2117 10368074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox painting | image=Boccioni - farmers-at-work-risaiole-1908.jpg | alt=See adjacent text. | image_size=250px | title=The Women Rice Harvesters | italic title=yes | other_language_1=Italian | other_title_1=Le Risaiole | artist=[[Umberto Boccioni]] | year=1908 | type=[[Oil painting|Oil]] on [[Canvas]] | height_metric=25 | width_metric=35 | metric_unit=cm | city=Lugano, Switzerland | museum=[[Villa Ciani]] }} '''The Women Rice Harvesters''' (Italian: '''Le Risaiole''') is an oil on canvas painting created in 1908 by [[Umberto Boccioni]] in Milan, Italy. Measuring 25 x 35 cm, this work belongs to the genre painting category and exemplifies characteristics of the [[Impressionism]] movement, reflecting both the ethos of the period and Boccioni’s individual stylistic approach.<ref>V. Terraroli (ed.), ''Francesco Filippini. Catalogo generale delle opere'', Skira, Milan, 1999.</ref><ref>M. Carrà, ''La pittura moderna in Italia'', Treves, Milan, 1919, pp. 34–38.</ref> The artwork depicts rural laborers engaged in the intensive process of rice planting. Multiple figures are scattered across a field filled with vibrant greens and yellows, indicative of the fertile landscape they cultivate. Boccioni captures the essence of motion through the gestures of the workers, who appear actively engaged in their tasks, bending and reaching across the canvas.<ref>E. Crispolti, ''Boccioni. Catalogo generale'', Electa, Milan, 1971, vol. I, p. 42.</ref><ref>L. S. Rodolfo, ''Umberto Boccioni e la pittura del paesaggio lombardo'', Edizioni del Polifilo, Milan, 1987.</ref> The early works of [[Umberto Boccioni]], created between [[1903]] and [[1907]], derive directly from the [[naturalism (art)|naturalist]] tradition active in [[Lombardy]], particularly in [[Milan]], at the end of the [[19th century]]. Among the most recognizable models is [[Francesco Filippini]], whose paintings were widely exhibited in Milanese artistic circles.<ref>V. Terraroli (ed.), ''Francesco Filippini. Catalogo generale delle opere'', Skira, Milan, 1999.</ref> The horizontal construction of [[agricultural landscape]]s, the use of [[light (art)|atmospheric light]], and the depiction of the [[woman in art|female figure]] in rural and domestic settings—including [[mother portraits]]—show evident continuity with the current known as [[Filippinismo (art movement)|Filippinismo]].<ref>M. Carrà, ''La pittura moderna in Italia'', Treves, Milan, 1919, pp. 34–38.</ref> Art historians today recognize [[Francesco Filippini]] as a decisive source of inspiration in Boccioni’s early pictorial phase, defining his role as an implicit yet structural formative reference in the development of Boccioni’s initial figurative vision.<ref>E. Crispolti, ''Boccioni. Catalogo generale'', Electa, Milan, 1971, vol. I, p. 42.</ref> Foregrounding the peasants in this pastoral scene, Boccioni emphasizes their connection to the land and the physicality of their work. One can discern their forms melding into the environment, symbolizing the union between human endeavor and the earth. The background features hints of structures and trees that seem to be enveloped by the sun-drenched field, further enhancing the depth and realism infused into this scenic portrayal.<ref>C. Belloli, ''Paesaggi e figure di Boccioni'', Arte Moderna, vol. 12, 2005, pp. 58-65.</ref> Although later known for his forward-looking [[Futurism (art movement)|Futurist]] works, in ''Farmers at Work (Risaiole),'' Boccioni exhibits a sensitivity to the traditional livelihoods that marked the Italian countryside, offering a window into the everyday lives and labors that shaped the agrarian society of his time.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://catalogo.beniculturali.it/detail/HistoricOrArtisticProperty/1200491007 |title=Umberto Boccioni, Contadino al lavoro |publisher=Ministero della Cultura – Catalogo Generale dei Beni Culturali |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref><ref>S. D’Amico, ''L’arte lombarda e la ruralità'', Museo di Arte Moderna e Contemporanea di Milano, 2010.</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == * [[Francesco Filippini]] [[Category:Paintings by Umberto Boccioni]] [[Category:1908 paintings]] [[Category:Impressionist paintings]] [[Category:Genre paintings]] [[Category:Agricultural labor in art]] [[Category:Paintings in Milan]] eiugc7d6hghpkr06epkns1z5iqu8n5x 10368085 10368074 2025-07-02T18:38:49Z 2001:B07:A3F:43F0:3CE7:48CD:8687:2117 10368085 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox painting | image=Boccioni - farmers-at-work-risaiole-1908.jpg | alt=See adjacent text. | image_size=250px | title=The Women Rice Harvesters | italic title=yes | other_language_1=Italian | other_title_1=Le Risaiole | artist=[[Umberto Boccioni]] | year=1908 | type=[[Oil painting|Oil]] on [[Canvas]] | height_metric=25 | width_metric=35 | metric_unit=cm | city=Lugano, Switzerland | museum=[[Villa Ciani]] }} '''The Women Rice Harvesters''' (Italian: '''Le Risaiole''') is an oil on canvas painting created in 1908 by [[Umberto Boccioni]] in Milan, Italy. Measuring 25 x 35 cm, this work belongs to the genre painting category and exemplifies characteristics of the [[Impressionism]] movement, reflecting both the ethos of the period and Boccioni’s individual stylistic approach.<ref>V. Terraroli (ed.), ''Francesco Filippini. Catalogo generale delle opere'', Skira, Milan, 1999.</ref><ref>M. Carrà, ''La pittura moderna in Italia'', Treves, Milan, 1919, pp. 34–38.</ref> [[File:Umberto boccioni, studio per contadini al lavoro, 1908.jpg|thumb|250px|Umberto Boccioni, *Study for Peasants at Work*, 1908]] [[File:Umberto Boccioni, Studio per contadine al lavoro, 1908, cm. 11.8 x 15 cm.jpg|thumb|250px|Umberto Boccioni, *Study for Peasants at Work*, 1908, 11.8 x 15 cm]] The artwork depicts rural laborers engaged in the intensive process of rice planting. Multiple figures are scattered across a field filled with vibrant greens and yellows, indicative of the fertile landscape they cultivate. Boccioni captures the essence of motion through the gestures of the workers, who appear actively engaged in their tasks, bending and reaching across the canvas.<ref>E. Crispolti, ''Boccioni. Catalogo generale'', Electa, Milan, 1971, vol. I, p. 42.</ref><ref>L. S. Rodolfo, ''Umberto Boccioni e la pittura del paesaggio lombardo'', Edizioni del Polifilo, Milan, 1987.</ref> The early works of [[Umberto Boccioni]], created between [[1903]] and [[1907]], derive directly from the [[naturalism (art)|naturalist]] tradition active in [[Lombardy]], particularly in [[Milan]], at the end of the [[19th century]]. Among the most recognizable models is [[Francesco Filippini]], whose paintings were widely exhibited in Milanese artistic circles.<ref>V. Terraroli (ed.), ''Francesco Filippini. Catalogo generale delle opere'', Skira, Milan, 1999.</ref> The horizontal construction of [[agricultural landscape]]s, the use of [[light (art)|atmospheric light]], and the depiction of the [[woman in art|female figure]] in rural and domestic settings—including [[mother portraits]]—show evident continuity with the current known as [[Filippinismo (art movement)|Filippinismo]].<ref>M. Carrà, ''La pittura moderna in Italia'', Treves, Milan, 1919, pp. 34–38.</ref> Art historians today recognize [[Francesco Filippini]] as a decisive source of inspiration in Boccioni’s early pictorial phase, defining his role as an implicit yet structural formative reference in the development of Boccioni’s initial figurative vision.<ref>E. Crispolti, ''Boccioni. Catalogo generale'', Electa, Milan, 1971, vol. I, p. 42.</ref> Foregrounding the peasants in this pastoral scene, Boccioni emphasizes their connection to the land and the physicality of their work. One can discern their forms melding into the environment, symbolizing the union between human endeavor and the earth. The background features hints of structures and trees that seem to be enveloped by the sun-drenched field, further enhancing the depth and realism infused into this scenic portrayal.<ref>C. Belloli, ''Paesaggi e figure di Boccioni'', Arte Moderna, vol. 12, 2005, pp. 58-65.</ref> Although later known for his forward-looking [[Futurism (art movement)|Futurist]] works, in ''Farmers at Work (Risaiole),'' Boccioni exhibits a sensitivity to the traditional livelihoods that marked the Italian countryside, offering a window into the everyday lives and labors that shaped the agrarian society of his time.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://catalogo.beniculturali.it/detail/HistoricOrArtisticProperty/1200491007 |title=Umberto Boccioni, Contadino al lavoro |publisher=Ministero della Cultura – Catalogo Generale dei Beni Culturali |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref><ref>S. D’Amico, ''L’arte lombarda e la ruralità'', Museo di Arte Moderna e Contemporanea di Milano, 2010.</ref> == References == <references /> == External links == * [[Francesco Filippini]] [[Category:Paintings by Umberto Boccioni]] [[Category:1908 paintings]] [[Category:Impressionist paintings]] [[Category:Genre paintings]] [[Category:Agricultural labor in art]] [[Category:Paintings in Milan]] 0qzbis6vbcno3brxbufqwtmtc9fgjs1 10368086 10368085 2025-07-02T18:40:32Z 2001:B07:A3F:43F0:3CE7:48CD:8687:2117 /* External links */ 10368086 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox painting | image=Boccioni - farmers-at-work-risaiole-1908.jpg | alt=See adjacent text. | image_size=250px | title=The Women Rice Harvesters | italic title=yes | other_language_1=Italian | other_title_1=Le Risaiole | artist=[[Umberto Boccioni]] | year=1908 | type=[[Oil painting|Oil]] on [[Canvas]] | height_metric=25 | width_metric=35 | metric_unit=cm | city=Lugano, Switzerland | museum=[[Villa Ciani]] }} '''The Women Rice Harvesters''' (Italian: '''Le Risaiole''') is an oil on canvas painting created in 1908 by [[Umberto Boccioni]] in Milan, Italy. Measuring 25 x 35 cm, this work belongs to the genre painting category and exemplifies characteristics of the [[Impressionism]] movement, reflecting both the ethos of the period and Boccioni’s individual stylistic approach.<ref>V. Terraroli (ed.), ''Francesco Filippini. Catalogo generale delle opere'', Skira, Milan, 1999.</ref><ref>M. Carrà, ''La pittura moderna in Italia'', Treves, Milan, 1919, pp. 34–38.</ref> [[File:Umberto boccioni, studio per contadini al lavoro, 1908.jpg|thumb|250px|Umberto Boccioni, *Study for Peasants at Work*, 1908]] [[File:Umberto Boccioni, Studio per contadine al lavoro, 1908, cm. 11.8 x 15 cm.jpg|thumb|250px|Umberto Boccioni, *Study for Peasants at Work*, 1908, 11.8 x 15 cm]] The artwork depicts rural laborers engaged in the intensive process of rice planting. Multiple figures are scattered across a field filled with vibrant greens and yellows, indicative of the fertile landscape they cultivate. Boccioni captures the essence of motion through the gestures of the workers, who appear actively engaged in their tasks, bending and reaching across the canvas.<ref>E. Crispolti, ''Boccioni. Catalogo generale'', Electa, Milan, 1971, vol. I, p. 42.</ref><ref>L. S. Rodolfo, ''Umberto Boccioni e la pittura del paesaggio lombardo'', Edizioni del Polifilo, Milan, 1987.</ref> The early works of [[Umberto Boccioni]], created between [[1903]] and [[1907]], derive directly from the [[naturalism (art)|naturalist]] tradition active in [[Lombardy]], particularly in [[Milan]], at the end of the [[19th century]]. Among the most recognizable models is [[Francesco Filippini]], whose paintings were widely exhibited in Milanese artistic circles.<ref>V. Terraroli (ed.), ''Francesco Filippini. Catalogo generale delle opere'', Skira, Milan, 1999.</ref> The horizontal construction of [[agricultural landscape]]s, the use of [[light (art)|atmospheric light]], and the depiction of the [[woman in art|female figure]] in rural and domestic settings—including [[mother portraits]]—show evident continuity with the current known as [[Filippinismo (art movement)|Filippinismo]].<ref>M. Carrà, ''La pittura moderna in Italia'', Treves, Milan, 1919, pp. 34–38.</ref> Art historians today recognize [[Francesco Filippini]] as a decisive source of inspiration in Boccioni’s early pictorial phase, defining his role as an implicit yet structural formative reference in the development of Boccioni’s initial figurative vision.<ref>E. Crispolti, ''Boccioni. Catalogo generale'', Electa, Milan, 1971, vol. I, p. 42.</ref> Foregrounding the peasants in this pastoral scene, Boccioni emphasizes their connection to the land and the physicality of their work. One can discern their forms melding into the environment, symbolizing the union between human endeavor and the earth. The background features hints of structures and trees that seem to be enveloped by the sun-drenched field, further enhancing the depth and realism infused into this scenic portrayal.<ref>C. Belloli, ''Paesaggi e figure di Boccioni'', Arte Moderna, vol. 12, 2005, pp. 58-65.</ref> Although later known for his forward-looking [[Futurism (art movement)|Futurist]] works, in ''Farmers at Work (Risaiole),'' Boccioni exhibits a sensitivity to the traditional livelihoods that marked the Italian countryside, offering a window into the everyday lives and labors that shaped the agrarian society of his time.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://catalogo.beniculturali.it/detail/HistoricOrArtisticProperty/1200491007 |title=Umberto Boccioni, Contadino al lavoro |publisher=Ministero della Cultura – Catalogo Generale dei Beni Culturali |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref><ref>S. D’Amico, ''L’arte lombarda e la ruralità'', Museo di Arte Moderna e Contemporanea di Milano, 2010.</ref> == References == <references /> == Links == * [[Francesco Filippini]] == External links == * [https://collezione.masilugano.ch/it/collection/item/130201/ Museum of Art of Italian Switzerland, Lugano] [[Category:Paintings by Umberto Boccioni]] [[Category:1908 paintings]] [[Category:Impressionist paintings]] [[Category:Genre paintings]] [[Category:Agricultural labor in art]] [[Category:Paintings in Milan]] ll93dntnrdneer0zriplxuhx2lly6k7 10368087 10368086 2025-07-02T18:41:49Z 2001:B07:A3F:43F0:3CE7:48CD:8687:2117 10368087 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox painting | image=Boccioni - farmers-at-work-risaiole-1908.jpg | alt=See adjacent text. | image_size=250px | title=The Women Rice Harvesters | italic title=yes | other_language_1=Italian | other_title_1=Le Risaiole | artist=[[Umberto Boccioni]] | year=1908 | type=[[Oil painting|Oil]] on [[Canvas]] | height_metric=25 | width_metric=35 | metric_unit=cm | city=Lugano, Switzerland | museum=[[Villa Ciani]] }} '''The Women Rice Harvesters''' (Italian: '''Le Risaiole''') is an oil on canvas painting created in 1908 by [[Umberto Boccioni]] in Milan, Italy. Measuring 25 x 35 cm, this work belongs to the genre painting category and exemplifies characteristics of the [[Impressionism]] movement, reflecting both the ethos of the period and Boccioni’s individual stylistic approach.<ref>V. Terraroli (ed.), ''Francesco Filippini. Catalogo generale delle opere'', Skira, Milan, 1999.</ref><ref>M. Carrà, ''La pittura moderna in Italia'', Treves, Milan, 1919, pp. 34–38.</ref> [[File:Umberto boccioni, studio per contadini al lavoro, 1908.jpg|thumb|250px|Umberto Boccioni, Study for Peasants at Work, 1908]] [[File:Umberto Boccioni, Studio per contadine al lavoro, 1908, cm. 11.8 x 15 cm.jpg|thumb|250px|Umberto Boccioni, Study for Peasants at Work, 1908, 11.8 x 15 cm]] The artwork depicts rural laborers engaged in the intensive process of rice planting. Multiple figures are scattered across a field filled with vibrant greens and yellows, indicative of the fertile landscape they cultivate. Boccioni captures the essence of motion through the gestures of the workers, who appear actively engaged in their tasks, bending and reaching across the canvas.<ref>E. Crispolti, ''Boccioni. Catalogo generale'', Electa, Milan, 1971, vol. I, p. 42.</ref><ref>L. S. Rodolfo, ''Umberto Boccioni e la pittura del paesaggio lombardo'', Edizioni del Polifilo, Milan, 1987.</ref> The early works of [[Umberto Boccioni]], created between [[1903]] and [[1907]], derive directly from the [[naturalism (art)|naturalist]] tradition active in [[Lombardy]], particularly in [[Milan]], at the end of the [[19th century]]. Among the most recognizable models is [[Francesco Filippini]], whose paintings were widely exhibited in Milanese artistic circles.<ref>V. Terraroli (ed.), ''Francesco Filippini. Catalogo generale delle opere'', Skira, Milan, 1999.</ref> The horizontal construction of [[agricultural landscape]]s, the use of [[light (art)|atmospheric light]], and the depiction of the [[woman in art|female figure]] in rural and domestic settings—including [[mother portraits]]—show evident continuity with the current known as [[Filippinismo (art movement)|Filippinismo]].<ref>M. Carrà, ''La pittura moderna in Italia'', Treves, Milan, 1919, pp. 34–38.</ref> Art historians today recognize [[Francesco Filippini]] as a decisive source of inspiration in Boccioni’s early pictorial phase, defining his role as an implicit yet structural formative reference in the development of Boccioni’s initial figurative vision.<ref>E. Crispolti, ''Boccioni. Catalogo generale'', Electa, Milan, 1971, vol. I, p. 42.</ref> Foregrounding the peasants in this pastoral scene, Boccioni emphasizes their connection to the land and the physicality of their work. One can discern their forms melding into the environment, symbolizing the union between human endeavor and the earth. The background features hints of structures and trees that seem to be enveloped by the sun-drenched field, further enhancing the depth and realism infused into this scenic portrayal.<ref>C. Belloli, ''Paesaggi e figure di Boccioni'', Arte Moderna, vol. 12, 2005, pp. 58-65.</ref> Although later known for his forward-looking [[Futurism (art movement)|Futurist]] works, in ''Farmers at Work (Risaiole),'' Boccioni exhibits a sensitivity to the traditional livelihoods that marked the Italian countryside, offering a window into the everyday lives and labors that shaped the agrarian society of his time.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://catalogo.beniculturali.it/detail/HistoricOrArtisticProperty/1200491007 |title=Umberto Boccioni, Contadino al lavoro |publisher=Ministero della Cultura – Catalogo Generale dei Beni Culturali |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref><ref>S. D’Amico, ''L’arte lombarda e la ruralità'', Museo di Arte Moderna e Contemporanea di Milano, 2010.</ref> == References == <references /> == Links == * [[Francesco Filippini]] == External links == * [https://collezione.masilugano.ch/it/collection/item/130201/ Museum of Art of Italian Switzerland, Lugano] [[Category:Paintings by Umberto Boccioni]] [[Category:1908 paintings]] [[Category:Impressionist paintings]] [[Category:Genre paintings]] [[Category:Agricultural labor in art]] [[Category:Paintings in Milan]] 3sw71pmvtudk3ckys245c8nxij4yztx 10368088 10368087 2025-07-02T18:42:16Z 2001:B07:A3F:43F0:3CE7:48CD:8687:2117 10368088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox painting | image=Boccioni - farmers-at-work-risaiole-1908.jpg | alt=See adjacent text. | image_size=250px | title=The Women Rice Harvesters | italic title=yes | other_language_1=Italian | other_title_1=Le Risaiole | artist=[[Umberto Boccioni]] | year=1908 | type=[[Oil painting|Oil]] on [[Canvas]] | height_metric=25 | width_metric=35 | metric_unit=cm | city=Lugano, Switzerland | museum=[[Villa Ciani]] }} '''The Women Rice Harvesters''' (Italian: '''Le Risaiole''') is an oil on canvas painting created in 1908 by [[Umberto Boccioni]] in Milan, Italy. Measuring 25 x 35 cm, this work belongs to the genre painting category and exemplifies characteristics of the italian [[Impressionism]] movement, reflecting both the ethos of the period and Boccioni’s individual stylistic approach.<ref>V. Terraroli (ed.), ''Francesco Filippini. Catalogo generale delle opere'', Skira, Milan, 1999.</ref><ref>M. Carrà, ''La pittura moderna in Italia'', Treves, Milan, 1919, pp. 34–38.</ref> [[File:Umberto boccioni, studio per contadini al lavoro, 1908.jpg|thumb|250px|Umberto Boccioni, Study for Peasants at Work, 1908]] [[File:Umberto Boccioni, Studio per contadine al lavoro, 1908, cm. 11.8 x 15 cm.jpg|thumb|250px|Umberto Boccioni, Study for Peasants at Work, 1908, 11.8 x 15 cm]] The artwork depicts rural laborers engaged in the intensive process of rice planting. Multiple figures are scattered across a field filled with vibrant greens and yellows, indicative of the fertile landscape they cultivate. Boccioni captures the essence of motion through the gestures of the workers, who appear actively engaged in their tasks, bending and reaching across the canvas.<ref>E. Crispolti, ''Boccioni. Catalogo generale'', Electa, Milan, 1971, vol. I, p. 42.</ref><ref>L. S. Rodolfo, ''Umberto Boccioni e la pittura del paesaggio lombardo'', Edizioni del Polifilo, Milan, 1987.</ref> The early works of [[Umberto Boccioni]], created between [[1903]] and [[1907]], derive directly from the [[naturalism (art)|naturalist]] tradition active in [[Lombardy]], particularly in [[Milan]], at the end of the [[19th century]]. Among the most recognizable models is [[Francesco Filippini]], whose paintings were widely exhibited in Milanese artistic circles.<ref>V. Terraroli (ed.), ''Francesco Filippini. Catalogo generale delle opere'', Skira, Milan, 1999.</ref> The horizontal construction of [[agricultural landscape]]s, the use of [[light (art)|atmospheric light]], and the depiction of the [[woman in art|female figure]] in rural and domestic settings—including [[mother portraits]]—show evident continuity with the current known as [[Filippinismo (art movement)|Filippinismo]].<ref>M. Carrà, ''La pittura moderna in Italia'', Treves, Milan, 1919, pp. 34–38.</ref> Art historians today recognize [[Francesco Filippini]] as a decisive source of inspiration in Boccioni’s early pictorial phase, defining his role as an implicit yet structural formative reference in the development of Boccioni’s initial figurative vision.<ref>E. Crispolti, ''Boccioni. Catalogo generale'', Electa, Milan, 1971, vol. I, p. 42.</ref> Foregrounding the peasants in this pastoral scene, Boccioni emphasizes their connection to the land and the physicality of their work. One can discern their forms melding into the environment, symbolizing the union between human endeavor and the earth. The background features hints of structures and trees that seem to be enveloped by the sun-drenched field, further enhancing the depth and realism infused into this scenic portrayal.<ref>C. Belloli, ''Paesaggi e figure di Boccioni'', Arte Moderna, vol. 12, 2005, pp. 58-65.</ref> Although later known for his forward-looking [[Futurism (art movement)|Futurist]] works, in ''Farmers at Work (Risaiole),'' Boccioni exhibits a sensitivity to the traditional livelihoods that marked the Italian countryside, offering a window into the everyday lives and labors that shaped the agrarian society of his time.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://catalogo.beniculturali.it/detail/HistoricOrArtisticProperty/1200491007 |title=Umberto Boccioni, Contadino al lavoro |publisher=Ministero della Cultura – Catalogo Generale dei Beni Culturali |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref><ref>S. D’Amico, ''L’arte lombarda e la ruralità'', Museo di Arte Moderna e Contemporanea di Milano, 2010.</ref> == References == <references /> == Links == * [[Francesco Filippini]] == External links == * [https://collezione.masilugano.ch/it/collection/item/130201/ Museum of Art of Italian Switzerland, Lugano] [[Category:Paintings by Umberto Boccioni]] [[Category:1908 paintings]] [[Category:Impressionist paintings]] [[Category:Genre paintings]] [[Category:Agricultural labor in art]] [[Category:Paintings in Milan]] ezx4693fics68o37cvrkkhwa6lhdltr 10368886 10368088 2025-07-03T03:47:01Z Auntof6 22027 use standard simple headings and/or general cleanup using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 10368886 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox painting | image=Boccioni - farmers-at-work-risaiole-1908.jpg | alt=See adjacent text. | image_size=250px | title=The Women Rice Harvesters | italic title=yes | other_language_1=Italian | other_title_1=Le Risaiole | artist=[[Umberto Boccioni]] | year=1908 | type=[[Oil painting|Oil]] on [[Canvas]] | height_metric=25 | width_metric=35 | metric_unit=cm | city=Lugano, Switzerland | museum=[[Villa Ciani]] }} '''The Women Rice Harvesters''' (Italian: '''Le Risaiole''') is an oil on canvas painting created in 1908 by [[Umberto Boccioni]] in Milan, Italy. Measuring 25 x 35&nbsp;cm, this work belongs to the genre painting category and exemplifies characteristics of the italian [[Impressionism]] movement, reflecting both the ethos of the period and Boccioni’s individual stylistic approach.<ref name="V. Terraroli 1999">V. Terraroli (ed.), ''Francesco Filippini. Catalogo generale delle opere'', Skira, Milan, 1999.</ref><ref name="M. Carrà, 1919, pp. 34">M. Carrà, ''La pittura moderna in Italia'', Treves, Milan, 1919, pp. 34–38.</ref> [[File:Umberto boccioni, studio per contadini al lavoro, 1908.jpg|thumb|250px|Umberto Boccioni, Study for Peasants at Work, 1908]] [[File:Umberto Boccioni, Studio per contadine al lavoro, 1908, cm. 11.8 x 15 cm.jpg|thumb|250px|Umberto Boccioni, Study for Peasants at Work, 1908, 11.8 x 15 cm]] The artwork depicts rural laborers engaged in the intensive process of rice planting. Multiple figures are scattered across a field filled with vibrant greens and yellows, indicative of the fertile landscape they cultivate. Boccioni captures the essence of motion through the gestures of the workers, who appear actively engaged in their tasks, bending and reaching across the canvas.<ref name="E. Crispolti, 1971, p. 42">E. Crispolti, ''Boccioni. Catalogo generale'', Electa, Milan, 1971, vol. I, p. 42.</ref><ref>L. S. Rodolfo, ''Umberto Boccioni e la pittura del paesaggio lombardo'', Edizioni del Polifilo, Milan, 1987.</ref> The early works of [[Umberto Boccioni]], created between 1903 and 1907, derive directly from the [[naturalism (art)|naturalist]] tradition active in [[Lombardy]], particularly in [[Milan]], at the end of the [[19th century]]. Among the most recognizable models is [[Francesco Filippini]], whose paintings were widely exhibited in Milanese artistic circles.<ref name="V. Terraroli 1999"/> The horizontal construction of [[agricultural landscape]]s, the use of [[light (art)|atmospheric light]], and the depiction of the [[woman in art|female figure]] in rural and domestic settings—including [[mother portraits]]—show evident continuity with the current known as [[Filippinismo (art movement)|Filippinismo]].<ref name="M. Carrà, 1919, pp. 34"/> Art historians today recognize [[Francesco Filippini]] as a decisive source of inspiration in Boccioni’s early pictorial phase, defining his role as an implicit yet structural formative reference in the development of Boccioni’s initial figurative vision.<ref name="E. Crispolti, 1971, p. 42"/> Foregrounding the peasants in this pastoral scene, Boccioni emphasizes their connection to the land and the physicality of their work. One can discern their forms melding into the environment, symbolizing the union between human endeavor and the earth. The background features hints of structures and trees that seem to be enveloped by the sun-drenched field, further enhancing the depth and realism infused into this scenic portrayal.<ref>C. Belloli, ''Paesaggi e figure di Boccioni'', Arte Moderna, vol. 12, 2005, pp. 58-65.</ref> Although later known for his forward-looking [[Futurism (art movement)|Futurist]] works, in ''Farmers at Work (Risaiole),'' Boccioni exhibits a sensitivity to the traditional livelihoods that marked the Italian countryside, offering a window into the everyday lives and labors that shaped the agrarian society of his time.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://catalogo.beniculturali.it/detail/HistoricOrArtisticProperty/1200491007 |title=Umberto Boccioni, Contadino al lavoro |publisher=Ministero della Cultura – Catalogo Generale dei Beni Culturali |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref><ref>S. D’Amico, ''L’arte lombarda e la ruralità'', Museo di Arte Moderna e Contemporanea di Milano, 2010.</ref> == Related pages == * [[Francesco Filippini]] == References == <references /> == Other websites == * [https://collezione.masilugano.ch/it/collection/item/130201/ Museum of Art of Italian Switzerland, Lugano] [[Category:Paintings by Umberto Boccioni]] [[Category:1908 paintings]] [[Category:Impressionist paintings]] [[Category:Genre paintings]] [[Category:Agricultural labor in art]] [[Category:Paintings in Milan]] izuy45eq8b48z1dw06wbajmwo9gsrm2 3 1201605 10368079 2025-07-02T18:30:21Z Igor123121 1293570 General note: Unhelpful changes. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368079 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make helpful changes to Wikipedia. However, some of [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|your changes]] did not seem to be helpful and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> [[User:Igor123121|Igor123121]] ([[User talk:Igor123121|talk]]) 18:30, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> 2jwlnyjdbditc8u56qlx5ye6pta88d7 1 1201607 10368136 2025-07-02T19:34:23Z 2401:1900:104E:CF17:0:0:0:1 /* MD Rahul Amin khokan */ new section 10368136 wikitext text/x-wiki == MD Rahul Amin khokan == Shakira Zilla Thana khanpur gra [[Special:Contributions/2401:1900:104E:CF17:0:0:0:1|2401:1900:104E:CF17:0:0:0:1]] ([[User talk:2401:1900:104E:CF17:0:0:0:1|talk]]) 19:34, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 658potdg91bskji4rpxoayltgexflrz 10368441 10368136 2025-07-02T23:11:23Z MathXplore 966595 Reset talk page with [[:w:simple:User:DannyS712/Reset talk|reset talk]] (version 1.1) 10368441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Talk header}} 6ujz0t3lkt6jsf7d1r360l6l7wj3njb 0 1201608 10368150 2025-07-02T19:42:35Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 translated from en 10368150 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British architectural magazine}} {{use dmy dates|date=December 2014}} {{Use British English|date=December 2014}} {{Infobox magazine | title = The Architectural Review | logo = The Architectural Review logo.svg | image_file = Architectural Review Cover.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = Cover of the December 2018/January 2019 issue | editor = Manon Mollard | editor_title = Editor | previous_editor = | staff_writer = | frequency = 10 per year | category = [[Architecture]] | company = [[Metropolis International]] | publisher = | founded = 1896 | firstdate = November 1896 <!-- {{Start date|year|month|day}} --> | country = [[United Kingdom]] | based = London | language = [[English language|English]] | website = {{URL|www.architectural-review.com}} | issn = 0003-861X }} '''''The Architectural Review''''' is a monthly [[Architecture|architectural]] [[magazine]]. It was founded in [[London]] since 1896.<ref name=suzy/> Its articles are about the "[[built environment]]". The built environment includes [[landscape]], [[building design]], [[interior design]] and [[urbanism]]. ''The'' ''Architectural Review'' was founded in 1896. It was called the '''''Architectural Review for the Artist and Craftsman''''', in 1896 by Percy Hastings.<ref name="higgott" /><ref name="dnb" /> He had 3 editors. These editors were [[Reginald Blomfield]], [[Mervyn Macartney]] and [[Ernest Newton]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ush5WC9BM_gC&dq=Sir+Mervyn+Macartney&pg=PA132|title=Manchester: An Architectural History|author=Parkinson-Bailey. John.J|date=2000|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=9780719056062|page=132}}</ref> ==Notable people== *[[Henry Wilson (architect and designer)|Henry Wilson]] – first editor 1896–1901 *[[John Betjeman]] – assistant editor, 1930 to 1934<ref name=suzy/> *[[James Maude Richards]] – co-editor or editor, 1935 to 1971, excluding the war years<ref name=higgott/> *[[Nikolaus Pevsner]] – acting editor 1943 to 1945 and member of editorial board 1945 to 1970 *[[Rayner Banham]] – literary editor, in 1952 *[[Dariush Borbor]] (architect and urban planner) – former correspondent and contributor 1960s to 1980s *Peter Davey – editor 1980 to 2005 *[[László Moholy-Nagy]] – photographer *[[Gordon Cullen]] – art editor *[[Robert Melville (art critic)|Robert Melville]] – art critic *[[Peter Blundell Jones]] – contributor *[[Stephen Gardiner (architect)|Stephen Gardiner]] – contributor *[[Douglass Haskell]] – contributor *[[Ian Nairn]] – contributor *[[Catherine Slessor]], managing editor 1992–2009, editor 2010–2015 *Christine Murray, editor, 2015–2018<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-03-31|title=Architects' Journal and Architectural Review appoint new editors|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2015/03/31/new-editors-architectural-review-architects-journal-christine-murray-rory-olcayto/|access-date=2022-02-15|website=Dezeen|language=en}}</ref> *Manon Mollard, editor ==References== {{reflist|refs= <ref name=dnb>D.A.C.A. Boyne (2004). [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/61581 Hastings, Hubert de Cronin (1902–1986)]. ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' (online edition). Oxford: Oxford University Press. {{doi|10.1093/ref:odnb/61581}} {{subscription required}}</ref> <ref name=higgott>Andrew Higgott (2007). [https://books.google.com/books?id=G8F9AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA55 ''Mediating modernism architectural cultures in Britain'']. Abingdon; New York: Routledge. {{ISBN|9780415401784}}. {{nobreak|p. 55.}}</ref> <ref name=suzy>Suzy Harries (2011). [https://books.google.com/books?id=A8Q6ks2TME0C&pg=SA2-PA27 ''Nikolaus Pevsner: The Life'']. London: Chatto & Windus. {{ISBN|9780701168391}}. {{nobreak|p. 227–230}}</ref> }} [[Category:Architecture magazines]] [[Category:1896 establishments in the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Architecture]] [[Category:Magazines of the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Monthly magazines]] j32urossnarlmv3pa5gjsjbhw5ozik1 10368151 10368150 2025-07-02T19:42:44Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 removed [[Category:Architecture magazines]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10368151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British architectural magazine}} {{use dmy dates|date=December 2014}} {{Use British English|date=December 2014}} {{Infobox magazine | title = The Architectural Review | logo = The Architectural Review logo.svg | image_file = Architectural Review Cover.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = Cover of the December 2018/January 2019 issue | editor = Manon Mollard | editor_title = Editor | previous_editor = | staff_writer = | frequency = 10 per year | category = [[Architecture]] | company = [[Metropolis International]] | publisher = | founded = 1896 | firstdate = November 1896 <!-- {{Start date|year|month|day}} --> | country = [[United Kingdom]] | based = London | language = [[English language|English]] | website = {{URL|www.architectural-review.com}} | issn = 0003-861X }} '''''The Architectural Review''''' is a monthly [[Architecture|architectural]] [[magazine]]. It was founded in [[London]] since 1896.<ref name=suzy/> Its articles are about the "[[built environment]]". The built environment includes [[landscape]], [[building design]], [[interior design]] and [[urbanism]]. ''The'' ''Architectural Review'' was founded in 1896. It was called the '''''Architectural Review for the Artist and Craftsman''''', in 1896 by Percy Hastings.<ref name="higgott" /><ref name="dnb" /> He had 3 editors. These editors were [[Reginald Blomfield]], [[Mervyn Macartney]] and [[Ernest Newton]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ush5WC9BM_gC&dq=Sir+Mervyn+Macartney&pg=PA132|title=Manchester: An Architectural History|author=Parkinson-Bailey. John.J|date=2000|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=9780719056062|page=132}}</ref> ==Notable people== *[[Henry Wilson (architect and designer)|Henry Wilson]] – first editor 1896–1901 *[[John Betjeman]] – assistant editor, 1930 to 1934<ref name=suzy/> *[[James Maude Richards]] – co-editor or editor, 1935 to 1971, excluding the war years<ref name=higgott/> *[[Nikolaus Pevsner]] – acting editor 1943 to 1945 and member of editorial board 1945 to 1970 *[[Rayner Banham]] – literary editor, in 1952 *[[Dariush Borbor]] (architect and urban planner) – former correspondent and contributor 1960s to 1980s *Peter Davey – editor 1980 to 2005 *[[László Moholy-Nagy]] – photographer *[[Gordon Cullen]] – art editor *[[Robert Melville (art critic)|Robert Melville]] – art critic *[[Peter Blundell Jones]] – contributor *[[Stephen Gardiner (architect)|Stephen Gardiner]] – contributor *[[Douglass Haskell]] – contributor *[[Ian Nairn]] – contributor *[[Catherine Slessor]], managing editor 1992–2009, editor 2010–2015 *Christine Murray, editor, 2015–2018<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-03-31|title=Architects' Journal and Architectural Review appoint new editors|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2015/03/31/new-editors-architectural-review-architects-journal-christine-murray-rory-olcayto/|access-date=2022-02-15|website=Dezeen|language=en}}</ref> *Manon Mollard, editor ==References== {{reflist|refs= <ref name=dnb>D.A.C.A. Boyne (2004). [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/61581 Hastings, Hubert de Cronin (1902–1986)]. ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' (online edition). Oxford: Oxford University Press. {{doi|10.1093/ref:odnb/61581}} {{subscription required}}</ref> <ref name=higgott>Andrew Higgott (2007). [https://books.google.com/books?id=G8F9AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA55 ''Mediating modernism architectural cultures in Britain'']. Abingdon; New York: Routledge. {{ISBN|9780415401784}}. {{nobreak|p. 55.}}</ref> <ref name=suzy>Suzy Harries (2011). [https://books.google.com/books?id=A8Q6ks2TME0C&pg=SA2-PA27 ''Nikolaus Pevsner: The Life'']. London: Chatto & Windus. {{ISBN|9780701168391}}. {{nobreak|p. 227–230}}</ref> }} [[Category:1896 establishments in the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Architecture]] [[Category:Magazines of the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Monthly magazines]] ajb5j7825ih0cba6dwzhr1hv5zt3djx 0 1201609 10368165 2025-07-02T19:53:49Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 translated from en 10368165 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|British girls' magazine, 1898–1915}} [[File:The Girl's Realm 1913 Annual.png|thumb|The Girl's Realm's 1913 Annual]] {{italic title}}'''''The Girl's Realm''''' was a monthly [[magazine]].{{r|Rodgers-2012|p=127}}It was [[published]] by [[Hutchinson (publisher)|Hutchinson]]. The magazine had 17 volumes from November 1898 to November 1915.{{r|NCBEL-V3-1854}} == References == {{reflist|refs= <ref name=NCBEL-V3-1854>{{cite book |editor1-last=Watson |editor1-first=George |title=The New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature |volume=3: 1800–1900 |page=1854 |date=1969 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |url=https://archive.org/details/newcambridgebibl03wats |accessdate=2020-08-27 |isbn=0-521-07255-7 |via=The [[Internet Archive]] |url-access=registration }}</ref> <ref name=Rodgers-2012>{{cite journal |last1=Rodgers |first1=Beth |title=Competing Girlhoods: Competition, Community, and Reader Contribution in 'The Girl's Own Paper' and 'The Girl's Realm' |journal=[[Victorian Periodicals Review]] |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=277–300 |date=2012 |doi=10.1353/vpr.2012.0033 |jstor=41638148 |s2cid=144932213 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41638148 |accessdate=2020-08-27 |url-access=limited |hdl=2160/11359 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Girl's Realm, The}} [[Category:1898 establishments in the United Kingdom]] [[Category:1915 disestablishments]] [[Category:1910s disestablishments in Europe]] [[Category:20th-century disestablishments in the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Monthly magazines]] sad2s9ttax1jja22mw73q42zxz64h9a 0 1201610 10368168 2025-07-02T19:54:40Z 85.232.220.178 YEA 10368168 wikitext text/x-wiki <nowiki>{{Infobox football league season | competition = Brasileiro Serie A Malta</nowiki> | season = [[2025–26 in English football|2025–26]] in Brazil Malta football | dates = 7 August 2025 - 26 May 2026 | winners = | continentalcup1 = Libertadores Malta | continentalcup2 = Copa Sudamericana Malta | matches = | total goals = | league topscorer = | best goalkeeper = | biggest home win = | biggest away win = | highest scoring = | longest wins = | longest unbeaten = | longest winless = | longest losses = | highest attendance = | lowest attendance = | attendance = | average attendance = | prevseason = 2024-25 | nextseason = 2026-27 The '''2025–26 Brasileiro Serie A Malta''' will be the 34th season of the Brasileiro Serie A Malta and the 127th season of {{nowrap|top-flight}} [[Football in England|English football]]. The fixtures were released on 18 June 2025 at 09:00 BST.<nowiki><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dates for 2025/26 Premier League season confirmed</nowiki> Botafogo are the defending champions, having won their third Brasileiro Serie A Malta title (and 4th time top-flight crown overall) in the previous season. The season reintroduces promoted sides CRB, Vitoria, Atletico Goianiense and Coritba. This is the first season to feature the [[Tyne–Wear derby|Athletiba derby]] since the [[2015–16 Premier League|2016–17 season]], following Coritiba's promotion.<!--Update team results here and then (if needed) positions above. Don't forget to update the date (update parameter).--> |update=future|start_date=15 August 2025 |win_CAM=0 |draw_CAM=0 |loss_CAM=0 |gf_CAM=0 |ga_ARS=0 <!-- Atletico Mineiro --> |win_CAP=0 |draw_CAP=0 |loss_CAP=0 |gf_CAP=0 |ga_CAP=0 <!-- Athletico Parananense --> |win_AGO=0 |draw_AGO=0 |loss_AGO=0 |gf_AGO=0 |ga_AGO=0 <!-- Atletico Goianiense --> |win_BOT=0 |draw_BOT=0 |loss_BOT=0 |gf_BOT=0 |ga_BOT=0 <!-- Botafogo --> |win_BAH=0 |draw_BAH=0 |loss_BAH=0 |gf_BAH=0 |ga_BAH=0 <!-- Bahia --> |win_COR=0 |draw_COR=0 |loss_COR=0 |gf_COR=0 |ga_COR=0 <!-- Coritiba --> |win_CRU=0 |draw_CRU=0 |loss_CRU=0 |gf_CRU=0 |ga_CRU=0 <!-- Cruzeiro --> |win_SCP=0 |draw_SCP=0 |loss_SCP=0 |gf_SCP=0 |ga_SCP=0 <!-- Corinthians --> |win_CRB=0 |draw_CRB=0 |loss_CRB=0 |gf_CRB=0 |ga_CRB=0 <!-- Everton --> |win_FUL=0 |draw_FUL=0 |loss_FUL=0 |gf_FUL=0 |ga_FUL=0 <!-- Fulham --> |win_LEE=0 |draw_LEE=0 |loss_LEE=0 |gf_LEE=0 |ga_LEE=0 <!-- Leeds United --> |win_LIV=0 |draw_LIV=0 |loss_LIV=0 |gf_LIV=0 |ga_LIV=0 <!-- Liverpool --> |win_MCI=0 |draw_MCI=0 |loss_MCI=0 |gf_MCI=0 |ga_MCI=0 <!-- Manchester City --> |win_MUN=0 |draw_MUN=0 |loss_MUN=0 |gf_MUN=0 |ga_MUN=0 <!-- Manchester United --> |win_NEW=0 |draw_NEW=0 |loss_NEW=0 |gf_NEW=0 |ga_NEW=0 <!-- Newcastle --> |win_NFO=0 |draw_NFO=0 |loss_NFO=0 |gf_NFO=0 |ga_NFO=0 <!-- Nottingham Forest --> |win_SUN=0 |draw_SUN=0 |loss_SUN=0 |gf_SUN=0 |ga_SUN=0 <!--Sunderland --> |win_TOT=0 |draw_TOT=0 |loss_TOT=0 |gf_TOT=0 |ga_TOT=0 <!-- Tottenham Hotspur --> |win_WHU=0 |draw_WHU=0 |loss_WHU=0 |gf_WHU=0 |ga_WHU=0 <!-- West Ham United --> |win_WOL=0 |draw_WOL=0 |loss_WOL=0 |gf_WOL=0 |ga_WOL=0 <!--Update team positions here--> |team_order=CAM, CAP, , BRE, BHA, BUR, CHE, CRY, EVE, FUL, LEE, LIV, MCI, MUN, NEW, NFO, SUN, TOT, WHU, WOL<!-- Wolverhampton Wanderers --> <!--Team definitions (wikilinks in table)--> |name_ARS=[[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] |name_AVL=[[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]] |name_BOU=[[AFC Bournemouth|Bournemouth]] |name_BHA=[[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.|Brighton & Hove Albion]] |name_BRE=[[Brentford F.C.|Brentford]] |name_BUR=[[Burnley F.C.|Burnley]] |name_CHE=[[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] |name_CRY=[[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] |name_EVE=[[Everton F.C.|Everton]] |name_FUL=[[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] |name_LEE=[[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] |name_LIV=[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] |name_MCI=[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |name_MUN=[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] |name_NEW=[[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]] |name_NFO=[[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]] |name_SUN=[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] |name_TOT=[[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] |name_WHU=[[West Ham United F.C.|West Ham United]] |name_WOL=[[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] gznz06l0o0ezvsx2y6au3xeugoxk0v5 0 1201611 10368181 2025-07-02T20:04:57Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 translated from en 10368181 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Mexican literary form}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}} [[File:Calavera_garbancera.png|thumb|upright|[[José Guadalupe Posada|Posada's]] ''[[La Calavera Garbancera]]'' together with a literary calaverita in 1913]] The '''Literary Calavera''' or '''''calavera literaria''''' (Spanish: ''literary skull'') is a form of writing in [[Mexico]]. It is [[satire|satirical]] or light-hearted writing in [[Verse (poetry)|verse]]. These are usually made for the [[Day of the Dead]].<ref name="La Jornada">{{cite web|url=http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2003/11/02/sem-domingo.html |title=La adulteración de las calaveras |date=2 November 2003 |access-date=10 October 2012 |last=Argüelles |first=Juan Domingo |work=La Jornada en línea}}</ref><ref name="El Sol de Tlaxcala">{{cite web|url=http://www.oem.com.mx/esto/notas/n892856.htm |title=Son las calaveras literarias una manifestación de la cultura popular |work=El Sol de Tlaxcala |last=González |first=Carmen |access-date=10 October 2012 |date=16 October 2008 }}</ref> In some parts of Mexico, children and adults to write "Calaveritas" (Spanish: ''little skull'') for [[Friend|friends]], [[Colleague|colleagues]] (people you work with), and [[family]]. The writer usually pretends that the "addressee" (the person the letter is being sent to) is dead == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Mexican literature]] [[Category:Death]] t3gvwv3nh5dj5d79r19xutla651uoe3 3 1201612 10368196 2025-07-02T20:15:20Z Igor123121 1293570 General note: Addition of unsourced or improperly cited material. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368196 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, I am [[User:Igor123121|Igor123121]]. I noticed that you made a change to an article, but you did not provide a [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources|reliable source]]. It has been removed and archived in the page history for now, but if you want to [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|include a citation]] and re-add it, please do so! If you need help with referencing, please see [[Wikipedia:Citing sources]], or if you think I made a mistake, you can leave me a message on [[User_talk:Igor123121|my talk page]]. Thank you. <!-- Template:uw-unsourced1 --> [[User:Igor123121|Igor123121]] ([[User talk:Igor123121|talk]]) 20:15, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> dnvvqjzq5a3tm2xerlrdfq5hcxqcrl0 3 1201613 10368210 2025-07-02T20:22:45Z Igor123121 1293570 General note: Unhelpful changes. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368210 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make helpful changes to Wikipedia. However, some of [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|your changes]] did not seem to be helpful and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> [[User:Igor123121|Igor123121]] ([[User talk:Igor123121|talk]]) 20:22, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> 61mczqn0jzb2s2ylsrzkoguwxtv7ocb 3 1201614 10368241 2025-07-02T20:42:25Z Igor123121 1293570 General note: Unhelpful changes. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368241 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make helpful changes to Wikipedia. However, some of [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|your changes]] did not seem to be helpful and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> [[User:Igor123121|Igor123121]] ([[User talk:Igor123121|talk]]) 20:42, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> gd5qdnk8ajbjiq2mgegmwcf307o9vul 0 1201616 10368289 2025-07-02T21:33:56Z Onyeeze2024 1608728 Created page with "{{Infobox award | name = Nigerian Humanitarian Awards and Magazine | current_awards = | image = | alt = | caption = | awarded_for = | presenter = Emmanuel Anabueze | country = Nigeria | year = 2022 | holder = | website = }} '''Nigerian Humanitarian Awards and Magazine''' is an annual event founded by Emmanuel Anabueze. The award helps to honour individuals and organisations making positive..." 10368289 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox award | name = Nigerian Humanitarian Awards and Magazine | current_awards = | image = | alt = | caption = | awarded_for = | presenter = Emmanuel Anabueze | country = Nigeria | year = 2022 | holder = | website = }} '''Nigerian Humanitarian Awards and Magazine''' is an annual event founded by Emmanuel Anabueze. The award helps to honour individuals and organisations making positive impact on society through humanitarian. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Abuja To Host the Prestigious Humanitarian Awards and Magazine 2023 – THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2023/10/01/abuja-to-host-the-prestigious-humanitarian-awards-and-magazine-2023/ |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=www.thisdaylive.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Our |date=2024-08-29 |title=How I became visionary leader behind Nigeria's prestigious humanitarian awards- Anabueze |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/how-i-became-visionary-leader-behind-nigerias-prestigious-humanitarian-awards-anabueze/ |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ibeh |first=Ifeanyi |date=2025-01-24 |title=2025 Humanitarian Summit and Awards: Building bridges of hope |url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/youth-magazine/2025-humanitarian-summit-and-awards-building-bridges-of-hope/ |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> Some notable recipients of this award include Governor of Niger State, Mohammed Umar Bago|Mohammed Bago, [[Nwankwo Kanu|Kanu Nwankwo]] etc.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simon |first=Stephanie |date=2023-11-27 |title=Niger State Governor, others receive 2023 Humanitarian Awards |url=https://von.gov.ng/niger-state-governor-others-receive-2023-humanitarian-awards/ |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=Voice of Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=danivert |date=2024-08-26 |title=Zulaihat, Huriyya, and Nafisa honoured at Humanitarian Awards and Magazine Event in Abuja |url=https://thesun.ng/zulaihat-huriyya-and-nafisa-honoured-at-humanitarian-awards-and-magazine-event-in-abuja/#google_vignette |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> == Nomination process == Nominations involves public online voting determining the final awardees. The nominees include individuals, NGOs, and corporate entities<ref>{{Cite web |last=aregbesola |first=isaac |date=2024-04-16 |title=Charitable Nigerians, organisations to receive Humanitarian Awards, organisers say - NEWS AGENCY OF NIGERIA |url=https://nannews.ng/2024/04/16/charitable-nigerians-organisations-to-receive-humanitarian-awards-organisers-say/ |access-date=2025-03-03 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Okogba |first=Emmanuel |date=2023-10-24 |title=Group to honor NGOs, corporations, others dedicated to humanitarian interventions |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/10/group-to-honor-ngos-corporations-others-dedicated-to-humanitarian-interventions/ |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} duxcnlzrc74bedu7f8nob9z1vqgeznn 10368619 10368289 2025-07-03T01:05:12Z Fr33kman 15149 Nominated for deletion; see [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nigerian Humanitarian Awards and Magazine]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368619 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|Non-notable awards, only sources are typical Nigerian puffery}} {{Infobox award | name = Nigerian Humanitarian Awards and Magazine | current_awards = | image = | alt = | caption = | awarded_for = | presenter = Emmanuel Anabueze | country = Nigeria | year = 2022 | holder = | website = }} '''Nigerian Humanitarian Awards and Magazine''' is an annual event founded by Emmanuel Anabueze. The award helps to honour individuals and organisations making positive impact on society through humanitarian. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Abuja To Host the Prestigious Humanitarian Awards and Magazine 2023 – THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2023/10/01/abuja-to-host-the-prestigious-humanitarian-awards-and-magazine-2023/ |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=www.thisdaylive.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Our |date=2024-08-29 |title=How I became visionary leader behind Nigeria's prestigious humanitarian awards- Anabueze |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/how-i-became-visionary-leader-behind-nigerias-prestigious-humanitarian-awards-anabueze/ |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ibeh |first=Ifeanyi |date=2025-01-24 |title=2025 Humanitarian Summit and Awards: Building bridges of hope |url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/youth-magazine/2025-humanitarian-summit-and-awards-building-bridges-of-hope/ |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> Some notable recipients of this award include Governor of Niger State, Mohammed Umar Bago|Mohammed Bago, [[Nwankwo Kanu|Kanu Nwankwo]] etc.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simon |first=Stephanie |date=2023-11-27 |title=Niger State Governor, others receive 2023 Humanitarian Awards |url=https://von.gov.ng/niger-state-governor-others-receive-2023-humanitarian-awards/ |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=Voice of Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=danivert |date=2024-08-26 |title=Zulaihat, Huriyya, and Nafisa honoured at Humanitarian Awards and Magazine Event in Abuja |url=https://thesun.ng/zulaihat-huriyya-and-nafisa-honoured-at-humanitarian-awards-and-magazine-event-in-abuja/#google_vignette |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> == Nomination process == Nominations involves public online voting determining the final awardees. The nominees include individuals, NGOs, and corporate entities<ref>{{Cite web |last=aregbesola |first=isaac |date=2024-04-16 |title=Charitable Nigerians, organisations to receive Humanitarian Awards, organisers say - NEWS AGENCY OF NIGERIA |url=https://nannews.ng/2024/04/16/charitable-nigerians-organisations-to-receive-humanitarian-awards-organisers-say/ |access-date=2025-03-03 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Okogba |first=Emmanuel |date=2023-10-24 |title=Group to honor NGOs, corporations, others dedicated to humanitarian interventions |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/10/group-to-honor-ngos-corporations-others-dedicated-to-humanitarian-interventions/ |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} 8dxb2bleis1o0pej8r6e1vm6q6icswh 0 1201617 10368291 2025-07-02T21:36:12Z Onyeeze2024 1608728 Created page with "{{Infobox award | name = Trendupp Awards | current_awards = | image = Force of Influence 2023 Car Winner.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | awarded_for = Outstanding achievements in the social media community | presenter = Trendupp Africa | country = [[Nigeria]] | year = {{start date and age|2021|7|4|df=y}} | website = {{url|https://www.trenduppawards.com/}} |description=}} '''Trendupp Awards''' is an annual awards that recognizes achievements in Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web..." 10368291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox award | name = Trendupp Awards | current_awards = | image = Force of Influence 2023 Car Winner.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | awarded_for = Outstanding achievements in the social media community | presenter = Trendupp Africa | country = [[Nigeria]] | year = {{start date and age|2021|7|4|df=y}} | website = {{url|https://www.trenduppawards.com/}} |description=}} '''Trendupp Awards''' is an annual awards that recognizes achievements in Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DIGITAL CREATIVES FOR TRENDUPP AWARDS |url=https://allure.vanguardngr.com/2021/06/digital-creatives-for-trendupp-awards/ |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=Vanguard Allure|date=28 June 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kalu |first=Esther |date=2023-06-20 |title=Nigerian social media influencers charging N5m per post – Content Creator, AmaReginald |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/naija-fashion/605559-nigerian-social-media-influencers-charging-n5m-per-post-content-creator-amareginald.html |access-date=2023-09-19 |website=Premium Times Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref> It honors content creators, influencers, brands, and organizations that have made notable contributions to the Nigerian social media landscape.<ref name="Innovation 2021 l902">{{cite web |date=22 April 2021 |title=Trendupp Awards Announces Calls For Nominations |url=https://techbuild.africa/trendupp-awards-announces-call-for-nominations/ |access-date=5 October 2023 |website=Innovation}}</ref> Trendupp Awards is organized by Trendupp Africa, which was established by [[Tiwalola Olanubi]].<ref name="Vanguard Allure 2022 d883">{{cite web |date=31 May 2022 |title=Chipper Cash unveiled as Headline Sponsor of Trendupp Awards 2022! Winners to receive $16000 Cash Prize collectively |url=https://allure.vanguardngr.com/2022/05/chipper-cash-unveiled-as-headline-sponsor-of-trendupp-awards-2022-winners-to-receive-16000-cash-prize-collectively/ |access-date=5 October 2023 |website=Vanguard Allure}}</ref> == History == The Trendupp Awards was established in 2021 to recognize outstanding achievements in the Nigerian social media space.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-22 |title=Trendupp Awards Announces Calls For Nominations |url=https://techbuild.africa/trendupp-awards-announces-call-for-nominations/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |language=en-US}}</ref> These awards recognize content creators, influencers, and brands for their consistent impact on the social media community.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mix |first=Pulse |date=2021-04-10 |title=Trendupp announces the maiden edition of Nigeria's Influencers & Content Creators Award |url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/metro/trendupp-announces-the-maiden-edition-of-nigerias-influencers-and-content-creators/gmy0xlz |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> In its inaugural edition in 2021, the awards received approximately 91,000 nominations across sixteen categories, with 96 nominees and sixteen winners.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trendupp Africa awards set to reward positive use of social media. |url=https://radionigerialagos.gov.ng/trendupp-africa-awards-set-to-reward-positive-use-of-social-media/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=Radio Nigeria Lagos |date=29 April 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> The first edition was hosted by [[Timini Egbuson]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-07 |title=Broda Shaggi Bagged an Award at the Trendupp Awards – BlueprintAfric |url=https://blueprintafric.com/pop/broda-shaggi-bagged-an-award-at-the-trendupp-awards/ |access-date=2023-09-19 |language=en}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} qv7x0ho2vx3f4xl4xrv4lrs5djfyxju 10368614 10368291 2025-07-03T01:03:21Z Fr33kman 15149 Nominated for deletion; see [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trendupp Awards]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368614 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|Non-notable awards, only sources are typical Nigerian puffery}} {{Infobox award | name = Trendupp Awards | current_awards = | image = Force of Influence 2023 Car Winner.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | awarded_for = Outstanding achievements in the social media community | presenter = Trendupp Africa | country = [[Nigeria]] | year = {{start date and age|2021|7|4|df=y}} | website = {{url|https://www.trenduppawards.com/}} |description=}} '''Trendupp Awards''' is an annual awards that recognizes achievements in Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DIGITAL CREATIVES FOR TRENDUPP AWARDS |url=https://allure.vanguardngr.com/2021/06/digital-creatives-for-trendupp-awards/ |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=Vanguard Allure|date=28 June 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kalu |first=Esther |date=2023-06-20 |title=Nigerian social media influencers charging N5m per post – Content Creator, AmaReginald |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/naija-fashion/605559-nigerian-social-media-influencers-charging-n5m-per-post-content-creator-amareginald.html |access-date=2023-09-19 |website=Premium Times Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref> It honors content creators, influencers, brands, and organizations that have made notable contributions to the Nigerian social media landscape.<ref name="Innovation 2021 l902">{{cite web |date=22 April 2021 |title=Trendupp Awards Announces Calls For Nominations |url=https://techbuild.africa/trendupp-awards-announces-call-for-nominations/ |access-date=5 October 2023 |website=Innovation}}</ref> Trendupp Awards is organized by Trendupp Africa, which was established by [[Tiwalola Olanubi]].<ref name="Vanguard Allure 2022 d883">{{cite web |date=31 May 2022 |title=Chipper Cash unveiled as Headline Sponsor of Trendupp Awards 2022! Winners to receive $16000 Cash Prize collectively |url=https://allure.vanguardngr.com/2022/05/chipper-cash-unveiled-as-headline-sponsor-of-trendupp-awards-2022-winners-to-receive-16000-cash-prize-collectively/ |access-date=5 October 2023 |website=Vanguard Allure}}</ref> == History == The Trendupp Awards was established in 2021 to recognize outstanding achievements in the Nigerian social media space.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-22 |title=Trendupp Awards Announces Calls For Nominations |url=https://techbuild.africa/trendupp-awards-announces-call-for-nominations/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |language=en-US}}</ref> These awards recognize content creators, influencers, and brands for their consistent impact on the social media community.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mix |first=Pulse |date=2021-04-10 |title=Trendupp announces the maiden edition of Nigeria's Influencers & Content Creators Award |url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/metro/trendupp-announces-the-maiden-edition-of-nigerias-influencers-and-content-creators/gmy0xlz |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> In its inaugural edition in 2021, the awards received approximately 91,000 nominations across sixteen categories, with 96 nominees and sixteen winners.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trendupp Africa awards set to reward positive use of social media. |url=https://radionigerialagos.gov.ng/trendupp-africa-awards-set-to-reward-positive-use-of-social-media/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=Radio Nigeria Lagos |date=29 April 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> The first edition was hosted by [[Timini Egbuson]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-07 |title=Broda Shaggi Bagged an Award at the Trendupp Awards – BlueprintAfric |url=https://blueprintafric.com/pop/broda-shaggi-bagged-an-award-at-the-trendupp-awards/ |access-date=2023-09-19 |language=en}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} ezih9n83flkdx0y0vvlfcf4aczcn9am 0 1201618 10368292 2025-07-02T21:39:02Z KhantWiki 1350880 Created article about Juma Mosque in Tbilisi, Georgia. 10368292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox building | name = Juma Mosque | native_name = ჯუმა მეჩეთი | native_name_lang = ka | image = Juma Mosque of Tbilisi.jpg | caption = Juma Mosque, Tbilisi, Georgia, photographed in 2022 | location = Botanical Street, Old Tbilisi, Tbilisi, Georgia | coordinates = {{coord|41|41|13.9|N|44|48|36.7|E|display=inline,title}} | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 15 }} '''Juma Mosque''' ({{lang-ka|ქართული ტექსტი}}) is a mosque in [[Tbilisi]], the capital of [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]. It is the only mosque still working in the city. Both [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] and [[Shia Islam|Shia]] [[Muslims]] pray there together, which is rare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Georgia |date=2023-07-04 |title=Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Tbilisi Organizes Charity Project on the Occassion of Eid Al-Adha 2023 |url=https://georgiatoday.ge/embassy-of-the-united-arab-emirates-in-tbilisi-organizes-charity-project-on-the-occasion-of-eid-al-adha-2023/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=Georgia Today |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Juma Mosque in Tbilisi |url=https://eurasia.travel/georgia/tbilisi/juma-mosque/ |access-date= |work=Eurasia Travel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Georgian PM wishes happy Ramadan Bayram to Muslims at Tbilisi's Juma Mosque |url=https://1tv.ge/lang/en/news/georgian-pm-wishes-happy-ramadan-bayram-to-muslims-at-tbilisis-juma-mosque/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=1TV |language=en-US}}</ref> == Location == The mosque is in the Old Town of [[Tbilisi]]. It is near the [[Narikala Fortress]], on [[Botanical Street]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=This is a symbol of victory, kindness and love - Irakli Garibashvili wishes a Happy Kurban Bayram to muslims at Tbilisi's Juma Mosque: {{!}} Rustavi2 |url=https://rustavi2.ge/en/news/233525 |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=rustavi2.ge |language=en}}</ref> == History == Muslims have lived in [[Tbilisi]] for more than 1,000 years. The first mosque on this site was built in the 1700s by the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Jumah Mosque in Tbilisi |url=https://www.advantour.com/georgia/tbilisi/jumah-mosque.htm |access-date= |work=Advantour}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-10 |title=Georgian PM visits Tblisi Juma Mosque and congratulates Muslims |url=https://www.azerbaycan24.com/en/georgian-pm-visits-tblisi-juma-mosque-and-congratulates-muslims/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=www.azerbaycan24.com |language=en-AU}}</ref> It was later destroyed during a war. A new mosque was built in the 1800s, and the current building was finished in 1895. A man from [[Azerbaijan]] named [[Zeynalabdin Taghiyev]] gave money to build it. The mosque was repaired in 1998.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jumah Mosque in Tbilisi |url=https://www.advantour.com/georgia/tbilisi/jumah-mosque.htm |access-date= |work=Advantour}}</ref> == Design == The mosque is made of red brick. It has a tall minaret (a tower) with eight sides. The building has arched windows and colorful decorations inside and outside. It mixes Islamic and European (Neo-Gothic) styles.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jumah Mosque in Tbilisi |url=https://www.advantour.com/georgia/tbilisi/jumah-mosque.htm |access-date= |work=Advantour}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tbilisi, Georgia is One of the Best Places to Travel in 2023 |url=http://money.com/best-places-to-travel/tbilisi-georgia/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=Money}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Collective prayers held in mosques of Tbilisi and Batumi |url=https://www.eng.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/50985 |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=Caucasian Knot}}</ref> == Use == [[File:Juma Mosque in Tbilisi during a Muharram speech, 30 June 2025.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Muharram speech delivered in Azerbaijani language, in [[Tbilisi]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] on June 30, 2025]] [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] and [[Shia Muslims]] both pray at the mosque. In the past, a curtain separated them. Since 1996, they pray in the same space. The mosque is busy on Fridays and during big Islamic holidays like [[Eid al-Adha|Eid]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Juma Mosque in Tbilisi |url=https://georgia.travel/jumah-mosque |access-date= |work=Georgia.travel|date=14 September 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Juma Mosque in Tbilisi |url=https://eurasia.travel/georgia/tbilisi/juma-mosque/ |access-date= |work=Eurasia Travel}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Juma Mosque in Tbilisi |url=https://eurasia.travel/georgia/tbilisi/juma-mosque/ |access-date= |work=Eurasia Travel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Georgia |date=2022-07-12 |title=Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Tbilisi Organizes Charity Project on the Occasion of Eid Al-Adha 2022 |url=https://georgiatoday.ge/embassy-of-the-united-arab-emirates-in-tbilisi-organizes-charity-project-on-the-occasion-of-eid-al-adha-2022/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=Georgia Today |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |first=Firsty |date=2018-05-29 |title=What not to miss in Tbilisi |url=https://www.bradtguides.com/what-not-to-miss-in-tbilisi/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=Bradt Guides |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Importance == Juma Mosque is part of [[Tbilisi|Tbilisi’s]] rich mix of religions. It stands near churches, synagogues, and bathhouses in the Old Town, showing the city’s long history of people from different faiths living together.<ref>{{cite web |last=Katy Gillett |date=18 March 2024 |title=Tbilisi's sole surviving mosque is a fascinating slice of Georgian history |url=https://www.cntravellerme.com/story/jumah-mosque-tbilisi |access-date= |work=Condé Nast Traveller Middle East}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=AzeMedia |date=2022-10-05 |title=Georgian Azerbaijanis call attention of official Tbilisi and international organizations to Armenia's provocations |url=https://aze.media/georgian-azerbaijanis-call-attention-of-official-tbilisi-and-international-organizations-to-armenias-provocations/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=Aze.Media |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Haji Zeynalabdin Taghiyev's philanthropy in Tbilisi {{!}} Report.az |url=https://report.az/en/amp/cultural-policy/haji-zeynalabdin-taghiyev-s-philanthropy-and-unknown-gestures-of-generosity-in-tbilisi-research/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=report.az}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Mosques in Georgia (country)]] [[Category:Islam in Georgia (country)]] [[Category:18th-century mosques]] [[Category:Pages created with the Article Wizard from 2025]] 5i25dda0jstnkxff6qzqhrjyyhstdeq 10368297 10368292 2025-07-02T21:41:40Z KhantWiki 1350880 10368297 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox building | name = Juma Mosque | native_name = ჯუმა მეჩეთი | native_name_lang = ka | image = Juma Mosque of Tbilisi.jpg | caption = Juma Mosque, Tbilisi, Georgia, photographed in 2022 | location = Botanical Street, Old Tbilisi, Tbilisi, Georgia | coordinates = {{coord|41|41|13.9|N|44|48|36.7|E|display=inline,title}} | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 15 }} '''Juma Mosque''' ({{lang-ka|ქართული ტექსტი}}) is a mosque in [[Tbilisi]], the capital of [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]. It is the only mosque still working in the city. Both [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] and [[Shia Islam|Shia]] [[Muslims]] pray there together, which is rare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Georgia |date=2023-07-04 |title=Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Tbilisi Organizes Charity Project on the Occassion of Eid Al-Adha 2023 |url=https://georgiatoday.ge/embassy-of-the-united-arab-emirates-in-tbilisi-organizes-charity-project-on-the-occasion-of-eid-al-adha-2023/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=Georgia Today |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Juma Mosque in Tbilisi |url=https://eurasia.travel/georgia/tbilisi/juma-mosque/ |access-date= |work=Eurasia Travel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Georgian PM wishes happy Ramadan Bayram to Muslims at Tbilisi's Juma Mosque |url=https://1tv.ge/lang/en/news/georgian-pm-wishes-happy-ramadan-bayram-to-muslims-at-tbilisis-juma-mosque/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=1TV |language=en-US}}</ref> == Location == The mosque is in the Old Town of [[Tbilisi]]. It is near the [[Narikala Fortress]], on [[Botanical Street]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=This is a symbol of victory, kindness and love - Irakli Garibashvili wishes a Happy Kurban Bayram to muslims at Tbilisi's Juma Mosque: {{!}} Rustavi2 |url=https://rustavi2.ge/en/news/233525 |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=rustavi2.ge |language=en}}</ref> == History == Muslims have lived in [[Tbilisi]] for more than 1,000 years. The first mosque on this site was built in the 1700s by the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Jumah Mosque in Tbilisi |url=https://www.advantour.com/georgia/tbilisi/jumah-mosque.htm |access-date= |work=Advantour}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-10 |title=Georgian PM visits Tblisi Juma Mosque and congratulates Muslims |url=https://www.azerbaycan24.com/en/georgian-pm-visits-tblisi-juma-mosque-and-congratulates-muslims/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=www.azerbaycan24.com |language=en-AU}}</ref> It was later destroyed during a war. A new mosque was built in the 1800s, and the current building was finished in 1895. A man from [[Azerbaijan]] named [[Zeynalabdin Taghiyev]] gave money to build it. The mosque was repaired in 1998.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jumah Mosque in Tbilisi |url=https://www.advantour.com/georgia/tbilisi/jumah-mosque.htm |access-date= |work=Advantour}}</ref> == Design == The mosque is made of red brick. It has a tall minaret (a tower) with eight sides. The building has arched windows and colorful decorations inside and outside. It mixes Islamic and European (Neo-Gothic) styles.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jumah Mosque in Tbilisi |url=https://www.advantour.com/georgia/tbilisi/jumah-mosque.htm |access-date= |work=Advantour}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tbilisi, Georgia is One of the Best Places to Travel in 2023 |url=http://money.com/best-places-to-travel/tbilisi-georgia/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=Money}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Collective prayers held in mosques of Tbilisi and Batumi |url=https://www.eng.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/50985 |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=Caucasian Knot}}</ref> == Use == [[File:Juma Mosque in Tbilisi during a Muharram speech, 30 June 2025.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Muharram speech delivered in Azerbaijani language, in [[Tbilisi]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] on June 30, 2025]] [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] and [[Shia Muslims]] both pray at the mosque. In the past, a curtain separated them. Since 1996, they pray in the same space. The mosque is busy on Fridays and during big Islamic holidays like [[Eid al-Adha|Eid]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Juma Mosque in Tbilisi |url=https://georgia.travel/jumah-mosque |access-date= |work=Georgia.travel|date=14 September 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Juma Mosque in Tbilisi |url=https://eurasia.travel/georgia/tbilisi/juma-mosque/ |access-date= |work=Eurasia Travel}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Juma Mosque in Tbilisi |url=https://eurasia.travel/georgia/tbilisi/juma-mosque/ |access-date= |work=Eurasia Travel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Georgia |date=2022-07-12 |title=Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Tbilisi Organizes Charity Project on the Occasion of Eid Al-Adha 2022 |url=https://georgiatoday.ge/embassy-of-the-united-arab-emirates-in-tbilisi-organizes-charity-project-on-the-occasion-of-eid-al-adha-2022/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=Georgia Today |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |first=Firsty |date=2018-05-29 |title=What not to miss in Tbilisi |url=https://www.bradtguides.com/what-not-to-miss-in-tbilisi/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=Bradt Guides |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Importance == Juma Mosque is part of [[Tbilisi|Tbilisi’s]] rich mix of religions. It stands near churches, synagogues, and bathhouses in the Old Town, showing the city’s long history of people from different faiths living together.<ref>{{cite web |last=Katy Gillett |date=18 March 2024 |title=Tbilisi's sole surviving mosque is a fascinating slice of Georgian history |url=https://www.cntravellerme.com/story/jumah-mosque-tbilisi |access-date= |work=Condé Nast Traveller Middle East}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=AzeMedia |date=2022-10-05 |title=Georgian Azerbaijanis call attention of official Tbilisi and international organizations to Armenia's provocations |url=https://aze.media/georgian-azerbaijanis-call-attention-of-official-tbilisi-and-international-organizations-to-armenias-provocations/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=Aze.Media |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Haji Zeynalabdin Taghiyev's philanthropy in Tbilisi {{!}} Report.az |url=https://report.az/en/amp/cultural-policy/haji-zeynalabdin-taghiyev-s-philanthropy-and-unknown-gestures-of-generosity-in-tbilisi-research/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=report.az}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Mosques in Georgia (country)]] [[Category:Mosques in Tbilisi]] [[Category:Islam in Georgia (country)]] [[Category:Pages created with the Article Wizard from 2025]] n89neweevgi4l9tpz45x8cso0s478r3 10368300 10368297 2025-07-02T21:45:08Z KhantWiki 1350880 10368300 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox building | name = Juma Mosque | native_name = ჯუმა მეჩეთი | native_name_lang = ka | image = Juma Mosque of Tbilisi.jpg | caption = Juma Mosque, Tbilisi, Georgia, photographed in 2022 | location = Botanical Street, Old Tbilisi, Tbilisi, Georgia | coordinates = {{coord|41|41|13.9|N|44|48|36.7|E|display=inline,title}} | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 15 }} '''Juma Mosque''' ({{lang-ka|ქართული ტექსტი}}) is a mosque in [[Tbilisi]], the capital of [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]. It is the only mosque still working in the city. Both [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] and [[Shia Islam|Shia]] [[Muslims]] pray there together, which is rare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Georgia |date=2023-07-04 |title=Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Tbilisi Organizes Charity Project on the Occassion of Eid Al-Adha 2023 |url=https://georgiatoday.ge/embassy-of-the-united-arab-emirates-in-tbilisi-organizes-charity-project-on-the-occasion-of-eid-al-adha-2023/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=Georgia Today |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Juma Mosque in Tbilisi |url=https://eurasia.travel/georgia/tbilisi/juma-mosque/ |access-date= |work=Eurasia Travel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Georgian PM wishes happy Ramadan Bayram to Muslims at Tbilisi's Juma Mosque |url=https://1tv.ge/lang/en/news/georgian-pm-wishes-happy-ramadan-bayram-to-muslims-at-tbilisis-juma-mosque/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=1TV |language=en-US}}</ref> == Location == The mosque is in the Old Town of [[Tbilisi]]. It is near the [[Narikala Fortress]], on [[Botanical Street]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=This is a symbol of victory, kindness and love - Irakli Garibashvili wishes a Happy Kurban Bayram to muslims at Tbilisi's Juma Mosque: {{!}} Rustavi2 |url=https://rustavi2.ge/en/news/233525 |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=rustavi2.ge |language=en}}</ref> == History == Muslims have lived in [[Tbilisi]] for more than 1,000 years. The first mosque on this site was built in the 1700s by the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Jumah Mosque in Tbilisi |url=https://www.advantour.com/georgia/tbilisi/jumah-mosque.htm |access-date= |work=Advantour}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-10 |title=Georgian PM visits Tblisi Juma Mosque and congratulates Muslims |url=https://www.azerbaycan24.com/en/georgian-pm-visits-tblisi-juma-mosque-and-congratulates-muslims/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=www.azerbaycan24.com |language=en-AU}}</ref> It was later destroyed during a war. A new mosque was built in the 1800s, and the current building was finished in 1895. A man from [[Azerbaijan]] named [[Zeynalabdin Taghiyev]] gave money to build it. The mosque was repaired in 1998.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jumah Mosque in Tbilisi |url=https://www.advantour.com/georgia/tbilisi/jumah-mosque.htm |access-date= |work=Advantour}}</ref> == Design == The mosque is made of red brick. It has a tall minaret (a tower) with eight sides. The building has arched windows and colorful decorations inside and outside. It mixes Islamic and European (Neo-Gothic) styles.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jumah Mosque in Tbilisi |url=https://www.advantour.com/georgia/tbilisi/jumah-mosque.htm |access-date= |work=Advantour}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tbilisi, Georgia is One of the Best Places to Travel in 2023 |url=http://money.com/best-places-to-travel/tbilisi-georgia/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=Money}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Collective prayers held in mosques of Tbilisi and Batumi |url=https://www.eng.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/50985 |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=Caucasian Knot}}</ref> == Use == [[File:Juma Mosque in Tbilisi during a Muharram speech, 30 June 2025.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Muharram speech delivered in Azerbaijani language, in [[Tbilisi]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] on June 30, 2025]] [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] and [[Shia Muslims]] both pray at the mosque. In the past, a curtain separated them. Since 1996, they pray in the same space. The mosque is busy on Fridays and during big Islamic holidays like [[Eid al-Adha|Eid]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Juma Mosque in Tbilisi |url=https://georgia.travel/jumah-mosque |access-date= |work=Georgia.travel|date=14 September 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Juma Mosque in Tbilisi |url=https://eurasia.travel/georgia/tbilisi/juma-mosque/ |access-date= |work=Eurasia Travel}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Juma Mosque in Tbilisi |url=https://eurasia.travel/georgia/tbilisi/juma-mosque/ |access-date= |work=Eurasia Travel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Georgia |date=2022-07-12 |title=Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Tbilisi Organizes Charity Project on the Occasion of Eid Al-Adha 2022 |url=https://georgiatoday.ge/embassy-of-the-united-arab-emirates-in-tbilisi-organizes-charity-project-on-the-occasion-of-eid-al-adha-2022/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=Georgia Today |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |first=Firsty |date=2018-05-29 |title=What not to miss in Tbilisi |url=https://www.bradtguides.com/what-not-to-miss-in-tbilisi/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=Bradt Guides |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Importance == Juma Mosque is part of [[Tbilisi|Tbilisi’s]] rich mix of religions. It stands near churches, synagogues, and bathhouses in the Old Town, showing the city’s long history of people from different faiths living together.<ref>{{cite web |last=Katy Gillett |date=18 March 2024 |title=Tbilisi's sole surviving mosque is a fascinating slice of Georgian history |url=https://www.cntravellerme.com/story/jumah-mosque-tbilisi |access-date= |work=Condé Nast Traveller Middle East}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=AzeMedia |date=2022-10-05 |title=Georgian Azerbaijanis call attention of official Tbilisi and international organizations to Armenia's provocations |url=https://aze.media/georgian-azerbaijanis-call-attention-of-official-tbilisi-and-international-organizations-to-armenias-provocations/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=Aze.Media |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Haji Zeynalabdin Taghiyev's philanthropy in Tbilisi {{!}} Report.az |url=https://report.az/en/amp/cultural-policy/haji-zeynalabdin-taghiyev-s-philanthropy-and-unknown-gestures-of-generosity-in-tbilisi-research/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=report.az}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Mosques in Europe]] [[Category:Buildings and structures in Tbilisi]] [[Category:Religion in Georgia (country)]] [[Category:Islam in Europe]] [[Category:Religious buildings]] [[Category:18th-century buildings and structures]] [[Category:Rebuilt buildings and structures]] [[Category:Pages created with the Article Wizard from 2025]] qbsffhbf41k0moqlkiksa230skhnzcn 10368307 10368300 2025-07-02T21:48:01Z KhantWiki 1350880 /* References */ 10368307 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox building | name = Juma Mosque | native_name = ჯუმა მეჩეთი | native_name_lang = ka | image = Juma Mosque of Tbilisi.jpg | caption = Juma Mosque, Tbilisi, Georgia, photographed in 2022 | location = Botanical Street, Old Tbilisi, Tbilisi, Georgia | coordinates = {{coord|41|41|13.9|N|44|48|36.7|E|display=inline,title}} | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 15 }} '''Juma Mosque''' ({{lang-ka|ქართული ტექსტი}}) is a mosque in [[Tbilisi]], the capital of [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]. It is the only mosque still working in the city. Both [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] and [[Shia Islam|Shia]] [[Muslims]] pray there together, which is rare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Georgia |date=2023-07-04 |title=Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Tbilisi Organizes Charity Project on the Occassion of Eid Al-Adha 2023 |url=https://georgiatoday.ge/embassy-of-the-united-arab-emirates-in-tbilisi-organizes-charity-project-on-the-occasion-of-eid-al-adha-2023/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=Georgia Today |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Juma Mosque in Tbilisi |url=https://eurasia.travel/georgia/tbilisi/juma-mosque/ |access-date= |work=Eurasia Travel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Georgian PM wishes happy Ramadan Bayram to Muslims at Tbilisi's Juma Mosque |url=https://1tv.ge/lang/en/news/georgian-pm-wishes-happy-ramadan-bayram-to-muslims-at-tbilisis-juma-mosque/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=1TV |language=en-US}}</ref> == Location == The mosque is in the Old Town of [[Tbilisi]]. It is near the [[Narikala Fortress]], on [[Botanical Street]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=This is a symbol of victory, kindness and love - Irakli Garibashvili wishes a Happy Kurban Bayram to muslims at Tbilisi's Juma Mosque: {{!}} Rustavi2 |url=https://rustavi2.ge/en/news/233525 |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=rustavi2.ge |language=en}}</ref> == History == Muslims have lived in [[Tbilisi]] for more than 1,000 years. The first mosque on this site was built in the 1700s by the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Jumah Mosque in Tbilisi |url=https://www.advantour.com/georgia/tbilisi/jumah-mosque.htm |access-date= |work=Advantour}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-10 |title=Georgian PM visits Tblisi Juma Mosque and congratulates Muslims |url=https://www.azerbaycan24.com/en/georgian-pm-visits-tblisi-juma-mosque-and-congratulates-muslims/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=www.azerbaycan24.com |language=en-AU}}</ref> It was later destroyed during a war. A new mosque was built in the 1800s, and the current building was finished in 1895. A man from [[Azerbaijan]] named [[Zeynalabdin Taghiyev]] gave money to build it. The mosque was repaired in 1998.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jumah Mosque in Tbilisi |url=https://www.advantour.com/georgia/tbilisi/jumah-mosque.htm |access-date= |work=Advantour}}</ref> == Design == The mosque is made of red brick. It has a tall minaret (a tower) with eight sides. The building has arched windows and colorful decorations inside and outside. It mixes Islamic and European (Neo-Gothic) styles.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jumah Mosque in Tbilisi |url=https://www.advantour.com/georgia/tbilisi/jumah-mosque.htm |access-date= |work=Advantour}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tbilisi, Georgia is One of the Best Places to Travel in 2023 |url=http://money.com/best-places-to-travel/tbilisi-georgia/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=Money}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Collective prayers held in mosques of Tbilisi and Batumi |url=https://www.eng.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/50985 |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=Caucasian Knot}}</ref> == Use == [[File:Juma Mosque in Tbilisi during a Muharram speech, 30 June 2025.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Muharram speech delivered in Azerbaijani language, in [[Tbilisi]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] on June 30, 2025]] [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] and [[Shia Muslims]] both pray at the mosque. In the past, a curtain separated them. Since 1996, they pray in the same space. The mosque is busy on Fridays and during big Islamic holidays like [[Eid al-Adha|Eid]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Juma Mosque in Tbilisi |url=https://georgia.travel/jumah-mosque |access-date= |work=Georgia.travel|date=14 September 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Juma Mosque in Tbilisi |url=https://eurasia.travel/georgia/tbilisi/juma-mosque/ |access-date= |work=Eurasia Travel}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Juma Mosque in Tbilisi |url=https://eurasia.travel/georgia/tbilisi/juma-mosque/ |access-date= |work=Eurasia Travel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Georgia |date=2022-07-12 |title=Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Tbilisi Organizes Charity Project on the Occasion of Eid Al-Adha 2022 |url=https://georgiatoday.ge/embassy-of-the-united-arab-emirates-in-tbilisi-organizes-charity-project-on-the-occasion-of-eid-al-adha-2022/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=Georgia Today |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |first=Firsty |date=2018-05-29 |title=What not to miss in Tbilisi |url=https://www.bradtguides.com/what-not-to-miss-in-tbilisi/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=Bradt Guides |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Importance == Juma Mosque is part of [[Tbilisi|Tbilisi’s]] rich mix of religions. It stands near churches, synagogues, and bathhouses in the Old Town, showing the city’s long history of people from different faiths living together.<ref>{{cite web |last=Katy Gillett |date=18 March 2024 |title=Tbilisi's sole surviving mosque is a fascinating slice of Georgian history |url=https://www.cntravellerme.com/story/jumah-mosque-tbilisi |access-date= |work=Condé Nast Traveller Middle East}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=AzeMedia |date=2022-10-05 |title=Georgian Azerbaijanis call attention of official Tbilisi and international organizations to Armenia's provocations |url=https://aze.media/georgian-azerbaijanis-call-attention-of-official-tbilisi-and-international-organizations-to-armenias-provocations/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=Aze.Media |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Haji Zeynalabdin Taghiyev's philanthropy in Tbilisi {{!}} Report.az |url=https://report.az/en/amp/cultural-policy/haji-zeynalabdin-taghiyev-s-philanthropy-and-unknown-gestures-of-generosity-in-tbilisi-research/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=report.az}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Religious buildings]] [[Category:18th-century buildings and structures]] [[Category:Pages created with the Article Wizard from 2025]] s6xzpyqzijrzw4c67i74b2s41azi06p 10 1201619 10368306 2025-07-02T21:47:10Z 2001:2020:32D:CF3C:CD45:30A:7ED2:28EA Created page with "{{Navbox | name = Trouts | title = Trout and char of the world | image = [[File:Brown trout FWS white background.jpg|100px]]<br />[[File:Truite arc-en-ciel.jpg|100px]]<br /><span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Denton Male Sunapee Trout (cropped).png|100px]]</span> | listclass = hlist | state = {{{state|}}} | above = [[Trout]] - [[Salmonidae]] | group1 = Trout of Europe and [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic basin]]<br>''[[Salmo]]'' | list1 = * Salmo obtusirostri..." 10368306 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Trouts | title = Trout and char of the world | image = [[File:Brown trout FWS white background.jpg|100px]]<br />[[File:Truite arc-en-ciel.jpg|100px]]<br /><span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Denton Male Sunapee Trout (cropped).png|100px]]</span> | listclass = hlist | state = {{{state|}}} | above = [[Trout]] - [[Salmonidae]] | group1 = Trout of Europe and [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic basin]]<br>''[[Salmo]]'' | list1 = * [[Salmo obtusirostris|Adriatic trout]] * [[Salmo coruhensis|Anatolian Sea Trout]] * [[Brown trout]] * [[Salmo fibreni|Fibreno trout]] * [[Ferox trout]] * [[Salmo platycephalus|Flathead trout]] * [[Salmo carpio|Garda lake trout]] * [[Gillaroo]] * [[Isli trout]] * [[Salmo trutta|Lake (lacustrine) trout]] * [[Salmo marmoratus|Marble trout]] * [[Salmo cettii|Mediterranean trout]] * [[Ohrid trout]] * [[Salmo peristericus|Prespa trout]] * [[Salmo trutta fario|River trout]] * [[Sea trout]] * [[Sevan trout]] * [[Salmo nigripinnis|Sonaghen]] | group2 = Trout of the [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific basin]]<br>''[[Oncorhynchus]]'' | list2 = * [[Apache trout]] * [[Coastal cutthroat trout]] * [[Cutthroat trout]] * [[Gila trout]] * [[Golden trout]] * [[Mexican golden trout]] * [[Rainbow trout]] * [[Steelhead]] | group3 = True char<br>''[[Salvelinus]]'' | list3 = * [[Arctic char]] *[[Salvelinus obtusus|Blunt-nosed Irish charr]] * [[Brook trout]] * [[Bull trout]] *[[Salvelinus colii|Cole's char]] * [[Coomsaharn char]] * [[Dolly Varden trout]] * [[Salvelinus killinensis|Haddy charr]] * [[Kirikuchi char]] * [[Salvelinus umbla|Lake char]] * [[Lake trout]] *[[Salvelinus grayi|Lough Melvin charr]] * [[Salvelinus inframundus|Orkney charr]] * [[Silver trout]] * [[Salvelinus elgyticus|Small-mouthed char]] * [[Salvelinus leucomaenis|Whitespotted char]] | below = }}<noinclude> [[Category:Ray-finned fish navigational boxes]] [[Category:Fishing navigational boxes]] </noinclude> a4wqpa1ysofi6sqnwx1c9ds6mtmh3kw 3 1201621 10368333 2025-07-02T22:02:04Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 Notification: quick deletion nomination of [[Espoir records]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368333 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Quick deletion of Espoir records== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Espoir records]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Espoir records}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 22:02, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 1a1a5gyqa9xogdchoqudtax6gjkc3gh 0 1201622 10368344 2025-07-02T22:08:29Z 76.65.132.63 Created page with " '''Honda RBPT''' Honda RBPT (Red Bull Powertrains) is the power unit division of Red Bull Racing, responsible for designing and manufacturing Formula 1 engines following Honda’s official exit as an engine supplier at the end of the 2021 season. The company was established to maintain and develop the hybrid power units originally engineered by Honda, ensuring Red Bull Racing and Scuderia AlphaTauri continued competitive performance in Formula 1. '''History''' After..." 10368344 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Honda RBPT''' Honda RBPT (Red Bull Powertrains) is the power unit division of Red Bull Racing, responsible for designing and manufacturing Formula 1 engines following Honda’s official exit as an engine supplier at the end of the 2021 season. The company was established to maintain and develop the hybrid power units originally engineered by Honda, ensuring Red Bull Racing and Scuderia AlphaTauri continued competitive performance in Formula 1. '''History''' After Honda announced their withdrawal from Formula 1 at the end of the 2021 season, citing a shift in corporate strategy towards carbon neutrality and sustainability, Red Bull Racing refused to settle for a downgrade in power. Instead, they struck a deal with Honda to take over the intellectual property and continue running the engines under a new entity called Red Bull Powertrains. The transition was not smooth, with Red Bull having to quickly build infrastructure and hire specialists to maintain and develop the highly complex hybrid turbocharged V6 power units that Honda had perfected. '''Technical Overview''' Honda RBPT engines are 1.6-liter V6 turbo hybrid power units, featuring: * Internal Combustion Engine (ICE): 1.6L V6 turbocharged. * Energy Recovery Systems (ERS): Incorporates MGU-K (kinetic) and MGU-H (heat) systems to maximize energy efficiency and power output. * Fuel Flow Limit: Governed by FIA regulations, with strict fuel limits and hybrid energy deployment rules. Despite the name change, the power units are based heavily on Honda’s design and technology. Red Bull Powertrains continues development under FIA’s homologation rules, which freeze major engine changes until 2025, with minor upgrades allowed for reliability and performance. '''Performance and Achievements''' * The Honda RBPT engines powered Red Bull Racing to the 2022 Formula 1 World Championship with Max Verstappen, marking a triumphant continuation of Honda’s legacy. * The engines are praised for their power, reliability, and integration with Red Bull’s chassis, making Red Bull one of the dominant teams on the grid post-Honda. '''Future Developments''' * Red Bull Powertrains is investing heavily in developing a next-gen F1 power unit set to debut in the 2026 season, which will align with new hybrid regulations focusing on sustainable fuels and greater electrical power deployment. * The company aims to cement itself as a long-term F1 engine player, expanding its technical prowess beyond the original Honda designs. 2t98sgc3piuw1cckass5rpe76rh9ozr 10368748 10368344 2025-07-03T02:27:47Z The Sophocrat 1313199 tagged article with {{AI-notice}} 10368748 wikitext text/x-wiki {{AI-notice |date=July 2025}} '''Honda RBPT''' Honda RBPT (Red Bull Powertrains) is the power unit division of Red Bull Racing, responsible for designing and manufacturing Formula 1 engines following Honda’s official exit as an engine supplier at the end of the 2021 season. The company was established to maintain and develop the hybrid power units originally engineered by Honda, ensuring Red Bull Racing and Scuderia AlphaTauri continued competitive performance in Formula 1. '''History''' After Honda announced their withdrawal from Formula 1 at the end of the 2021 season, citing a shift in corporate strategy towards carbon neutrality and sustainability, Red Bull Racing refused to settle for a downgrade in power. Instead, they struck a deal with Honda to take over the intellectual property and continue running the engines under a new entity called Red Bull Powertrains. The transition was not smooth, with Red Bull having to quickly build infrastructure and hire specialists to maintain and develop the highly complex hybrid turbocharged V6 power units that Honda had perfected. '''Technical Overview''' Honda RBPT engines are 1.6-liter V6 turbo hybrid power units, featuring: * Internal Combustion Engine (ICE): 1.6L V6 turbocharged. * Energy Recovery Systems (ERS): Incorporates MGU-K (kinetic) and MGU-H (heat) systems to maximize energy efficiency and power output. * Fuel Flow Limit: Governed by FIA regulations, with strict fuel limits and hybrid energy deployment rules. Despite the name change, the power units are based heavily on Honda’s design and technology. Red Bull Powertrains continues development under FIA’s homologation rules, which freeze major engine changes until 2025, with minor upgrades allowed for reliability and performance. '''Performance and Achievements''' * The Honda RBPT engines powered Red Bull Racing to the 2022 Formula 1 World Championship with Max Verstappen, marking a triumphant continuation of Honda’s legacy. * The engines are praised for their power, reliability, and integration with Red Bull’s chassis, making Red Bull one of the dominant teams on the grid post-Honda. '''Future Developments''' * Red Bull Powertrains is investing heavily in developing a next-gen F1 power unit set to debut in the 2026 season, which will align with new hybrid regulations focusing on sustainable fuels and greater electrical power deployment. * The company aims to cement itself as a long-term F1 engine player, expanding its technical prowess beyond the original Honda designs. 9ealhxnxzi6gswwlb1qj1xbmnvev1mf 4 1201623 10368366 2025-07-02T22:22:07Z Ferien 1011873 Creating deletion discussion page for [[Wasted username]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368366 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Wasted username === :{{lc|Wasted username}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wasted username|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Not a well-used term, Wikipedia isn't a dictionary. Only source appears to be Urban Dictionary which doesn't show notability. Also see [[:w:en:Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wasted username]]. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:22, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''22:22, 9 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> 6xxfxiiuxlv4t6xxki48p8ezoonz122 4 1201624 10368373 2025-07-02T22:23:27Z Ferien 1011873 Creating deletion discussion page for [[VistaPE]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368373 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === VistaPE === :{{lc|VistaPE}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/VistaPE|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Fails [[WP:GNG]], also see [[:w:en:Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/VistaPE]]. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:23, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''22:23, 9 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> 03ii8es2sa684okotlqh30z69l50dvj 4 1201625 10368382 2025-07-02T22:26:25Z Ferien 1011873 Creating deletion discussion page for [[Wolfson hospital terminal]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368382 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Wolfson hospital terminal === :{{lc|Wolfson hospital terminal}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Wolfson hospital terminal|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Appears to fail [[WP:GNG]]. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:26, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''22:26, 9 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> 7wpncx8wv51i09bwwbtigmi7z78ujd4 4 1201626 10368390 2025-07-02T22:32:39Z Ferien 1011873 Creating deletion discussion page for [[WayOutWest Records]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368390 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === WayOutWest Records === :{{lc|WayOutWest Records}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/WayOutWest Records|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Fails GNG --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:32, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''22:32, 9 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> 6eosfwqw4iej8f0vna0zhxkxvuy3ic7 4 1201627 10368395 2025-07-02T22:38:22Z Ferien 1011873 Creating deletion discussion page for [[Videoclip.bg]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368395 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Videoclip.bg === :{{lc|Videoclip.bg}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Videoclip.bg|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' fails [[WP:GNG]] --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:38, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''22:38, 9 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> lv9bwhrij1ka3vreobal1wmq4cp83iw 4 1201628 10368403 2025-07-02T22:44:47Z Ferien 1011873 Creating deletion discussion page for [[United Kingdom norovirus epidemic]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368403 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === United Kingdom norovirus epidemic === :{{lc|United Kingdom norovirus epidemic}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/United Kingdom norovirus epidemic|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' doesn't pass GNG - the second line about lockdown isn't about this epidemic, it's about covid, so I feel that's misleading. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:44, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''22:44, 9 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> 5xuf3j89au3yybwu3apee8lddvfz4r6 10368425 10368403 2025-07-02T22:59:54Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 /* Discussion */ delete 10368425 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === United Kingdom norovirus epidemic === :{{lc|United Kingdom norovirus epidemic}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/United Kingdom norovirus epidemic|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' doesn't pass GNG - the second line about lockdown isn't about this epidemic, it's about covid, so I feel that's misleading. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:44, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *'''Delete''' - Agree, there's not much notable about this particular outbreak. "It is a type of norovirus"... What is a type of norovirus? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 22:59, 2 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''22:44, 9 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> 5q8l8rcesxlr7wdmh1fp3wrkyjf1med 10368791 10368425 2025-07-03T02:48:55Z Fr33kman 15149 /* Discussion 14 */ Reply 10368791 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === United Kingdom norovirus epidemic === :{{lc|United Kingdom norovirus epidemic}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/United Kingdom norovirus epidemic|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' doesn't pass GNG - the second line about lockdown isn't about this epidemic, it's about covid, so I feel that's misleading. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:44, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *'''Delete''' - Agree, there's not much notable about this particular outbreak. "It is a type of norovirus"... What is a type of norovirus? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 22:59, 2 July 2025 (UTC) *:A norovirus is just a type of diarrhea and vomiting virus. There are multiple outbreaks each year at various hospitals '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 02:48, 3 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''22:44, 9 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> srzealt84b2ydjzu53vybd3vbaz9yne 4 1201629 10368410 2025-07-02T22:51:15Z Ferien 1011873 Creating deletion discussion page for [[Từ Thức married a fairy]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368410 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Từ Thức married a fairy === :{{lc|Từ Thức married a fairy}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Từ Thức married a fairy|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' appears to fail [[:w:en:WP:NFILM]] and [[WP:GNG]]. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:51, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''22:51, 9 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> fmhwl4o8it1cit5czoku3kqgx8klzem 3 1201630 10368412 2025-07-02T22:51:15Z Ferien 1011873 Notification: listing at [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] of [[Từ Thức married a fairy]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368412 wikitext text/x-wiki ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Từ Thức married a fairy== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Từ Thức married a fairy]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Từ Thức married a fairy]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:51, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 2v0noa9723h3ydh39q28wur3tnqtqmz 4 1201631 10368420 2025-07-02T22:58:57Z Ferien 1011873 Creating deletion discussion page for [[There Are No Thieves in This Village]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368420 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === There Are No Thieves in This Village === :{{lc|There Are No Thieves in This Village}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/There Are No Thieves in This Village|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' fails [[WP:GNG]]/[[:w:en:WP:NFILM]], only being kind in kicking it to RfD as an A4 that has stood here for over 5 years --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:58, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''22:58, 9 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> n58l92gpdvfs0xpc4wdyzy0rvcjcrae 4 1201632 10368427 2025-07-02T23:01:09Z Ferien 1011873 Creating deletion discussion page for [[Thong Nhat Hospital]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368427 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Thong Nhat Hospital === :{{lc|Thong Nhat Hospital}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thong Nhat Hospital|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Appears to fail [[:w:en:WP:NHOSPITAL]]. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:01, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''23:01, 9 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> t7dttxqe5zmxpu6j96hf6d7jpzd2klr 10368503 10368427 2025-07-02T23:43:10Z Fr33kman 15149 /* Discussion */ k 10368503 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Thong Nhat Hospital === :{{lc|Thong Nhat Hospital}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thong Nhat Hospital|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Appears to fail [[:w:en:WP:NHOSPITAL]]. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:01, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *{{vk}} the problem here is not that the hospital isn't notable, it is, it is that the article doesn't explain how it is notable. A quick search on Google news brings up quite a number of articles about the hospital including major, important, surgeries undertaken there including a very recent series of transplants from a single individual to 7 patients and academic papers written about studies undertaken at the hospital such as [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/tmi.13738 1] and [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/tmi.13911 2], a noted partnership with Phizer Vietnam, coverage of the hospital during Covid-19 [https://en.nhandan.vn/field-hospital-put-into-operation-in-response-to-covid-19-outbreak-in-ho-chi-minh-city-post102383.html 3], and too many other articles via G news [https://www.google.com/search?client=ms-android-huawei-rev1&sca_esv=f8b4fb4309dfaf24&sxsrf=AE3TifOpB8GSF5J2osdNQ9I-WyWdZsn0nQ:1751498427623&q=Thong+Nhat+Hospital&tbm=nws&source=lnms&fbs=AIIjpHxCtmkhHKu27CW9pNYJlh4RoZZ_y8scaivnpjp3a9aEstvyzM9WArA0Q4B52rAVe2QNsj_451Xh5JY5sEH7FWDt-LUEk1Ay9TvxP2Gpps8qp1EDqYzOyxKVOY5GcAUr6BHFGqr9SGHwbLuTOuT5PEhPG560dKMXNtM9i_hyQBxr3vqztWc0HbJuToWOMPoNKX6oBtc9lwTRY2lBHZ7TA1F-R7f7bEXo8br7dmeRSoKjIJqJzxY&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfuemMqJ-OAxVQU0EAHbHtO7AQ0pQJegQIDxAB&biw=424&bih=752&dpr=2.55 4]. There are also several notable clinicians that serve at the hospital. It is also important as a teaching hospital and has further been given several important national awards. I will try and add to the article since it really does deserve a page of its own. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:43, 2 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''23:01, 9 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> 29t8cm5xxzb5gcvv8iq4h5bgz9wp319 3 1201633 10368428 2025-07-02T23:01:10Z Ferien 1011873 Notification: listing at [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] of [[Thong Nhat Hospital]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368428 wikitext text/x-wiki ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Thong Nhat Hospital== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Thong Nhat Hospital]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Thong Nhat Hospital]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:01, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 4tf6en3gvme6nilee27olns5uvq3az7 0 1201634 10368431 2025-07-02T23:01:37Z Sir Banking 1243964 Created page with "'''Macro Tower''' is a corporate building belonging to [[Banco Macro]], located at Av. Madero 1180, in the most important corporate center of [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. The building began construction in 2012 and its external structure was completed in June 2016. It is the work of Argentine architect '''César Pelli'''." 10368431 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Macro Tower''' is a corporate building belonging to [[Banco Macro]], located at Av. Madero 1180, in the most important corporate center of [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. The building began construction in 2012 and its external structure was completed in June 2016. It is the work of Argentine architect '''César Pelli'''. l8k9e498ayg2v8shpzhfghsgpu5i49y 10368432 10368431 2025-07-02T23:01:52Z Sir Banking 1243964 10368432 wikitext text/x-wiki {{under construction}} '''Macro Tower''' is a corporate building belonging to [[Banco Macro]], located at Av. Madero 1180, in the most important corporate center of [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. The building began construction in 2012 and its external structure was completed in June 2016. It is the work of Argentine architect '''César Pelli'''. 9p269wyyyybh8hcrxkzcp0d5ype1845 10368440 10368432 2025-07-02T23:11:21Z Sir Banking 1243964 10368440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{under construction}} '''Macro Tower''' is a corporate building belonging to [[Banco Macro]], located at Av. Madero 1180, in the most important corporate center of [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. The building began construction in 2012 and its external structure was completed in June 2016. It is the work of Argentine architect '''César Pelli'''. The Tower was designed with the objective of containing all the corporate areas of the Bank in a single building. lv2s79zhwo3lxubfvj8l77utlbzwgrq 10368442 10368440 2025-07-02T23:11:30Z Sir Banking 1243964 10368442 wikitext text/x-wiki {{under construction}} '''Macro Tower''' is a corporate building belonging to [[Banco Macro]], located at Av. Madero 1180, in the most important corporate center of [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. The building began construction in 2012 and its external structure was completed in June 2016. It is the work of Argentine architect '''César Pelli'''. The tower was designed with the objective of containing all the corporate areas of the Bank in a single building. ich77d7v3buf7dr5bux6qcbcyrxc89k 10368449 10368442 2025-07-02T23:13:31Z Sir Banking 1243964 10368449 wikitext text/x-wiki {{under construction}} {{Infobox building |name = Macro Tower |native_name = {{big|{{native name|es|paren=omit|Torre Macro}}}} |image = Edificio_La_Vela.jpg |former_names = |highest_prev = |highest_next = |highest_start = |highest_end = | caption = La Vela building in Ciudad BBVA. |status = {{green|Complete}} | building_type = [[Office]] |architectural_style = [[Neo-futurism]] |address = Calle Sauceda, 28 |location = [[Buenos Aires]] |location_country = [[Argentina]] |coordinates = |namesake = |start_date = 2009 |topped_out_date = |completion_date = 2015 |opened = 2015 |cost = [[€]]620 million |owner = [[Banco Macro]] |height= 93 metres (height of '''La Vela''') |architectural = |tip = |architect = |architecture_firm = Herzog & de Meuron |structural_engineer = |main_contractor = |parking = |website = {{URL|https://www.macro.com.ar/}} |references = }} '''Macro Tower''' is a corporate building belonging to [[Banco Macro]], located at Av. Madero 1180, in the most important corporate center of [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. The building began construction in 2012 and its external structure was completed in June 2016. It is the work of Argentine architect '''César Pelli'''. The tower was designed with the objective of containing all the corporate areas of the Bank in a single building. 4yw1k5ao30dri5m6tzgdxo4u4im34ig 10368454 10368449 2025-07-02T23:14:23Z Sir Banking 1243964 10368454 wikitext text/x-wiki {{under construction}} {{Infobox building |name = Macro Tower |native_name = {{big|{{native name|es|paren=omit|Torre Macro}}}} |image = Banco_Macro.jpg |former_names = |highest_prev = |highest_next = |highest_start = |highest_end = | caption = La Vela building in Ciudad BBVA. |status = {{green|Complete}} | building_type = [[Office]] |architectural_style = [[Neo-futurism]] |address = Calle Sauceda, 28 |location = [[Buenos Aires]] |location_country = [[Argentina]] |coordinates = |namesake = |start_date = 2009 |topped_out_date = |completion_date = 2015 |opened = 2015 |cost = [[€]]620 million |owner = [[Banco Macro]] |height= 93 metres (height of '''La Vela''') |architectural = |tip = |architect = |architecture_firm = Herzog & de Meuron |structural_engineer = |main_contractor = |parking = |website = {{URL|https://www.macro.com.ar/}} |references = }} '''Macro Tower''' is a corporate building belonging to [[Banco Macro]], located at Av. Madero 1180, in the most important corporate center of [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. The building began construction in 2012 and its external structure was completed in June 2016. It is the work of Argentine architect '''César Pelli'''. The tower was designed with the objective of containing all the corporate areas of the Bank in a single building. 9nes979riccmhhzgnpic1y1alm5dgrx 10368455 10368454 2025-07-02T23:14:56Z Sir Banking 1243964 10368455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{under construction}} {{Infobox building |name = Macro Tower |native_name = {{big|{{native name|es|paren=omit|Torre Macro}}}} |image = Banco_Macro.jpg |former_names = |highest_prev = |highest_next = |highest_start = |highest_end = | caption = Macro Tower building in [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. |status = {{green|Complete}} | building_type = [[Office]] |architectural_style = [[Neo-futurism]] |address = Calle Sauceda, 28 |location = [[Buenos Aires]] |location_country = [[Argentina]] |coordinates = |namesake = |start_date = 2009 |topped_out_date = |completion_date = 2015 |opened = 2015 |cost = [[€]]620 million |owner = [[Banco Macro]] |height= 93 metres (height of '''La Vela''') |architectural = |tip = |architect = |architecture_firm = Herzog & de Meuron |structural_engineer = |main_contractor = |parking = |website = {{URL|https://www.macro.com.ar/}} |references = }} '''Macro Tower''' is a corporate building belonging to [[Banco Macro]], located at Av. Madero 1180, in the most important corporate center of [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. The building began construction in 2012 and its external structure was completed in June 2016. It is the work of Argentine architect '''César Pelli'''. The tower was designed with the objective of containing all the corporate areas of the Bank in a single building. 29tewo186r5htsza4fpwzeluarw5x5h 10368458 10368455 2025-07-02T23:20:33Z Sir Banking 1243964 10368458 wikitext text/x-wiki {{under construction}} {{Infobox building |name = Macro Tower |native_name = {{big|{{native name|es|paren=omit|Torre Macro}}}} |image = Banco_Macro.jpg |former_names = |highest_prev = |highest_next = |highest_start = |highest_end = | caption = Macro Tower building in [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. |status = {{green|Complete}} | building_type = [[Office]] |architectural_style = [[Neo-futurism]] |address = Calle Sauceda, 28 |location = [[Buenos Aires]] |location_country = [[Argentina]] |coordinates = |namesake = |start_date = 2009 |topped_out_date = |completion_date = 2015 |opened = 2015 |cost = [[€]]620 million |owner = [[Banco Macro]] |height= 130 metres |architectural = |tip = |architect = |architecture_firm = Herzog & de Meuron |structural_engineer = |main_contractor = |parking = |website = {{URL|https://www.macro.com.ar/}} |references = }} '''Macro Tower''' is a corporate building belonging to [[Banco Macro]], located at Av. Madero 1180, in the most important corporate center of [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. The building began construction in 2012 and its external structure was completed in June 2016. It is the work of Argentine architect '''César Pelli'''. The tower was designed with the objective of containing all the corporate areas of the Bank in a single building. npvw6d8ht8y2hw976gmf25e7z3up496 10368459 10368458 2025-07-02T23:21:05Z Sir Banking 1243964 10368459 wikitext text/x-wiki {{under construction}} {{Infobox building |name = Macro Tower |native_name = {{big|{{native name|es|paren=omit|Torre Macro}}}} |image = Banco_Macro.jpg |former_names = |highest_prev = |highest_next = |highest_start = |highest_end = | caption = Macro Tower building in [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. |status = {{green|Complete}} | building_type = [[Office]] |architectural_style = [[Neo-futurism]] |address = Calle Sauceda, 28 |location = [[Buenos Aires]] |location_country = [[Argentina]] |coordinates = |namesake = |start_date = 2009 |topped_out_date = |completion_date = 2015 |opened = 2015 |cost = [[€]]620 million |owner = [[Banco Macro]] |height= 130 metres |architectural = |tip = |architect = |architecture_firm = Vizora y Caputo |structural_engineer = |main_contractor = |parking = |website = {{URL|https://www.macro.com.ar/}} |references = }} '''Macro Tower''' is a corporate building belonging to [[Banco Macro]], located at Av. Madero 1180, in the most important corporate center of [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. The building began construction in 2012 and its external structure was completed in June 2016. It is the work of Argentine architect '''César Pelli'''. The tower was designed with the objective of containing all the corporate areas of the Bank in a single building. cu0th2jpy4a5lxg7f2ukg8tyb1wy3zi 10368460 10368459 2025-07-02T23:22:12Z Sir Banking 1243964 10368460 wikitext text/x-wiki {{under construction}} {{Infobox building |name = Macro Tower |native_name = {{big|{{native name|es|paren=omit|Torre Macro}}}} |image = Banco_Macro.jpg |former_names = |highest_prev = |highest_next = |highest_start = |highest_end = | caption = Macro Tower building in [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. |status = {{green|Complete}} | building_type = [[Office]] |architectural_style = [[Neo-futurism]] |address = Calle Sauceda, 28 |location = [[Buenos Aires]] |location_country = [[Argentina]] |coordinates = |namesake = |start_date = 2009 |topped_out_date = |completion_date = 2015 |opened = 2015 |cost = [[US$]] 100,000,000 million |owner = [[Banco Macro]] |height= 130 metres |architectural = |tip = |architect = |architecture_firm = Vizora y Caputo |structural_engineer = |main_contractor = |parking = |website = {{URL|https://www.macro.com.ar/}} |references = }} '''Macro Tower''' is a corporate building belonging to [[Banco Macro]], located at Av. Madero 1180, in the most important corporate center of [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. The building began construction in 2012 and its external structure was completed in June 2016. It is the work of Argentine architect '''César Pelli'''. The tower was designed with the objective of containing all the corporate areas of the Bank in a single building. 6akkyqt6hamozgoiuvxwpimv5apykpj 10368465 10368460 2025-07-02T23:22:55Z Sir Banking 1243964 10368465 wikitext text/x-wiki {{under construction}} {{Infobox building |name = Macro Tower |native_name = {{big|{{native name|es|paren=omit|Torre Macro}}}} |image = Banco_Macro.jpg |former_names = |highest_prev = |highest_next = |highest_start = |highest_end = | caption = Macro Tower building in [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. |status = {{green|Complete}} | building_type = [[Office]] |architectural_style = [[Neo-futurism]] |address = Calle Sauceda, 28 |location = [[Buenos Aires]] |location_country = [[Argentina]] |coordinates = |namesake = |start_date = 2009 |topped_out_date = |completion_date = 2018 |opened = 2018 |cost = [[US$]] 100,000,000 million |owner = [[Banco Macro]] |height= 130 metres |architectural = |tip = |architect = |architecture_firm = Vizora y Caputo |structural_engineer = |main_contractor = |parking = |website = {{URL|https://www.macro.com.ar/}} |references = }} '''Macro Tower''' is a corporate building belonging to [[Banco Macro]], located at Av. Madero 1180, in the most important corporate center of [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. The building began construction in 2012 and its external structure was completed in June 2016. It is the work of Argentine architect '''César Pelli'''. The tower was designed with the objective of containing all the corporate areas of the Bank in a single building. 91lrss5disyyvn700593etybeiyhja3 10368466 10368465 2025-07-02T23:23:15Z Sir Banking 1243964 10368466 wikitext text/x-wiki {{under construction}} {{Infobox building |name = Macro Tower |native_name = {{big|{{native name|es|paren=omit|Torre Macro}}}} |image = Banco_Macro.jpg |former_names = |highest_prev = |highest_next = |highest_start = |highest_end = | caption = Macro Tower building in [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. |status = {{green|Complete}} | building_type = [[Office]] |architectural_style = [[Neo-futurism]] |address = Calle Sauceda, 28 |location = [[Buenos Aires]] |location_country = [[Argentina]] |coordinates = |namesake = |start_date = 2012 |topped_out_date = |completion_date = 2018 |opened = 2018 |cost = [[US$]] 100,000,000 million |owner = [[Banco Macro]] |height= 130 metres |architectural = |tip = |architect = |architecture_firm = Vizora y Caputo |structural_engineer = |main_contractor = |parking = |website = {{URL|https://www.macro.com.ar/}} |references = }} '''Macro Tower''' is a corporate building belonging to [[Banco Macro]], located at Av. Madero 1180, in the most important corporate center of [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. The building began construction in 2012 and its external structure was completed in June 2016. It is the work of Argentine architect '''César Pelli'''. The tower was designed with the objective of containing all the corporate areas of the Bank in a single building. gkfh0idy8jh1izhofrvjrg0r9ochqs0 10368469 10368466 2025-07-02T23:24:24Z Sir Banking 1243964 10368469 wikitext text/x-wiki {{under construction}} {{Infobox building |name = Macro Tower |native_name = {{big|{{native name|es|paren=omit|Torre Macro}}}} |image = Banco_Macro.jpg |former_names = |highest_prev = |highest_next = |highest_start = |highest_end = | caption = Macro Tower building in [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. |status = {{green|Complete}} | building_type = [[Office]] |architectural_style = [[Neo-futurism]] |address = Avenida Eduardo Madero 1180 |location = [[Buenos Aires]] |location_country = [[Argentina]] |coordinates = |namesake = |start_date = 2012 |topped_out_date = |completion_date = 2018 |opened = 2018 |cost = [[US$]] 100,000,000 million |owner = [[Banco Macro]] |height= 130 metres |architectural = |tip = |architect = |architecture_firm = Vizora y Caputo |structural_engineer = |main_contractor = |parking = |website = {{URL|https://www.macro.com.ar/}} |references = }} '''Macro Tower''' is a corporate building belonging to [[Banco Macro]], located at Av. Madero 1180, in the most important corporate center of [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. The building began construction in 2012 and its external structure was completed in June 2016. It is the work of Argentine architect '''César Pelli'''. The tower was designed with the objective of containing all the corporate areas of the Bank in a single building. nk575f4dx7qxjcok8880jlp4jsmkuto 10368475 10368469 2025-07-02T23:27:45Z Sir Banking 1243964 10368475 wikitext text/x-wiki {{under construction}} {{Infobox building |name = Macro Tower |native_name = {{big|{{native name|es|paren=omit|Torre Macro}}}} |image = Banco_Macro.jpg |former_names = |highest_prev = |highest_next = |highest_start = |highest_end = | caption = Macro Tower building in [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. |status = {{green|Complete}} | building_type = [[Office]] |architectural_style = Contemporary |address = Avenida Eduardo Madero 1180 |location = [[Buenos Aires]] |location_country = [[Argentina]] |coordinates = |namesake = |start_date = 2012 |topped_out_date = |completion_date = 2018 |opened = 2018 |cost = [[US$]] 100,000,000 million |owner = [[Banco Macro]] |height= 130 metres |architectural = |tip = |architect = |architecture_firm = Vizora y Caputo |structural_engineer = |main_contractor = |parking = |website = {{URL|https://www.macro.com.ar/}} |references = }} '''Macro Tower''' is a corporate building belonging to [[Banco Macro]], located at Av. Madero 1180, in the most important corporate center of [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. The building began construction in 2012 and its external structure was completed in June 2016. It is the work of Argentine architect '''César Pelli'''. The tower was designed with the objective of containing all the corporate areas of the Bank in a single building. 3t8kc678jv089sxzz7xwbdsf04jag9h 10368483 10368475 2025-07-02T23:29:23Z Sir Banking 1243964 10368483 wikitext text/x-wiki {{under construction}} {{Infobox building |name = Macro Tower |native_name = {{big|{{native name|es|paren=omit|Torre Macro}}}} |image = Banco_Macro.jpg |former_names = |highest_prev = |highest_next = |highest_start = |highest_end = | caption = Macro Tower building in [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. |status = {{green|Complete}} | building_type = [[Office]] |architectural_style = Contemporary |address = Avenida Eduardo Madero 1180 |location = [[Buenos Aires]] |location_country = [[Argentina]] |coordinates = |namesake = |start_date = 2012 |topped_out_date = |completion_date = 2018 |opened = 2018 |cost = [[US$]] 100,000,000 million |owner = [[Banco Macro]] |height= 130 metres |architectural = |tip = |architect = |architecture_firm = Vizora y Caputo |structural_engineer = |main_contractor = |parking = |website = {{URL|https://www.macro.com.ar/}} |references = }} '''Macro Tower''' is a corporate building belonging to [[Banco Macro]], located at Av. Madero 1180, in the most important corporate center of [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. The building began construction in 2012 and its external structure was completed in June 2016. It is the work of Argentine architect '''César Pelli'''. The tower was designed with the objective of containing all the corporate areas of the Bank in a single building. ==Overview== The Tower was designed to house all of the Bank's corporate areas in a single building. It houses more than 2,000 employees and features a modern bank branch, cafeteria, gym, medical office, daycare, multiple meeting rooms, a 200-seat auditorium, a staff dining room, three basement levels for parking, and a bicycle rack. [[Banco Macro|Banco Macro's]] goal is to have the largest and most technologically equipped corporate building in the country, where customers and employees can enjoy functional, pleasant, and sustainable spaces. dg5njiuh83v1zhsds0hhffoqupnqibq 10368485 10368483 2025-07-02T23:33:11Z Sir Banking 1243964 10368485 wikitext text/x-wiki {{under construction}} {{Infobox building |name = Macro Tower |native_name = {{big|{{native name|es|paren=omit|Torre Macro}}}} |image = Banco_Macro.jpg |former_names = |highest_prev = |highest_next = |highest_start = |highest_end = | caption = Macro Tower building in [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. |status = {{green|Complete}} | building_type = [[Office]] |architectural_style = Contemporary |address = Avenida Eduardo Madero 1180 |location = [[Buenos Aires]] |location_country = [[Argentina]] |coordinates = |namesake = |start_date = 2012 |topped_out_date = |completion_date = 2018 |opened = 2018 |cost = [[US$]] 100,000,000 million |owner = [[Banco Macro]] |height= 130 metres |architectural = |tip = |architect = César Pelli |architecture_firm = Vizora y Caputo |structural_engineer = |main_contractor = |parking = |website = {{URL|https://www.macro.com.ar/}} |references = }} '''Macro Tower''' is a corporate building belonging to [[Banco Macro]], located at Av. Madero 1180, in the most important corporate center of [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. The building began construction in 2012 and its external structure was completed in June 2016. It is the work of Argentine architect '''César Pelli'''. The tower was designed with the objective of containing all the corporate areas of the Bank in a single building. ==Overview== The Tower was designed to house all of the Bank's corporate areas in a single building. It houses more than 2,000 employees and features a modern bank branch, cafeteria, gym, medical office, daycare, multiple meeting rooms, a 200-seat auditorium, a staff dining room, three basement levels for parking, and a bicycle rack. [[Banco Macro|Banco Macro's]] goal is to have the largest and most technologically equipped corporate building in the country, where customers and employees can enjoy functional, pleasant, and sustainable spaces. bfknqdlg4mnuy06mveb80ckbg9zc280 10368488 10368485 2025-07-02T23:35:37Z Sir Banking 1243964 10368488 wikitext text/x-wiki {{under construction}} {{Infobox building |name = Macro Tower |native_name = {{big|{{native name|es|paren=omit|Torre Macro}}}} |image = Banco_Macro.jpg |former_names = |highest_prev = |highest_next = |highest_start = |highest_end = | caption = Macro Tower building in [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. |status = {{green|Complete}} | building_type = [[Office]] |architectural_style = Contemporary |address = Avenida Eduardo Madero 1180 |location = [[Buenos Aires]] |location_country = [[Argentina]] |coordinates = |namesake = |start_date = 2012 |topped_out_date = |completion_date = 2018 |opened = 2018 |cost = [[US$]] 100,000,000 million |owner = [[Banco Macro]] |height= 130 metres |architectural = |tip = |architect = César Pelli |architecture_firm = Vizora y Caputo |structural_engineer = |main_contractor = |parking = |website = {{URL|https://www.macro.com.ar/}} |references = }} '''Macro Tower''' is a corporate building belonging to [[Banco Macro]], located at Av. Madero 1180, in the most important corporate center of [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. The building began construction in 2012 and its external structure was completed in June 2016. It is the work of Argentine architect '''César Pelli'''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Una torre premium con el sello de Pelli|url=http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1749916-una-torre-premium-con-el-sello-de-pelli|date-access=November 19, 2016}}</ref> The tower was designed with the objective of containing all the corporate areas of the Bank in a single building. ==Overview== The Tower was designed to house all of the Bank's corporate areas in a single building. It houses more than 2,000 employees and features a modern bank branch, cafeteria, gym, medical office, daycare, multiple meeting rooms, a 200-seat auditorium, a staff dining room, three basement levels for parking, and a bicycle rack. [[Banco Macro|Banco Macro's]] goal is to have the largest and most technologically equipped corporate building in the country, where customers and employees can enjoy functional, pleasant, and sustainable spaces. ifvcx79bzez222frckltuik4tmhcz7a 10368489 10368488 2025-07-02T23:36:13Z Sir Banking 1243964 /* Overview */ 10368489 wikitext text/x-wiki {{under construction}} {{Infobox building |name = Macro Tower |native_name = {{big|{{native name|es|paren=omit|Torre Macro}}}} |image = Banco_Macro.jpg |former_names = |highest_prev = |highest_next = |highest_start = |highest_end = | caption = Macro Tower building in [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. |status = {{green|Complete}} | building_type = [[Office]] |architectural_style = Contemporary |address = Avenida Eduardo Madero 1180 |location = [[Buenos Aires]] |location_country = [[Argentina]] |coordinates = |namesake = |start_date = 2012 |topped_out_date = |completion_date = 2018 |opened = 2018 |cost = [[US$]] 100,000,000 million |owner = [[Banco Macro]] |height= 130 metres |architectural = |tip = |architect = César Pelli |architecture_firm = Vizora y Caputo |structural_engineer = |main_contractor = |parking = |website = {{URL|https://www.macro.com.ar/}} |references = }} '''Macro Tower''' is a corporate building belonging to [[Banco Macro]], located at Av. Madero 1180, in the most important corporate center of [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. The building began construction in 2012 and its external structure was completed in June 2016. It is the work of Argentine architect '''César Pelli'''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Una torre premium con el sello de Pelli|url=http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1749916-una-torre-premium-con-el-sello-de-pelli|date-access=November 19, 2016}}</ref> The tower was designed with the objective of containing all the corporate areas of the Bank in a single building. ==Overview== The tower was designed to house all of the Bank's corporate areas in a single building. It houses more than 2,000 employees and features a modern bank branch, cafeteria, gym, medical office, daycare, multiple meeting rooms, a 200-seat auditorium, a staff dining room, three basement levels for parking, and a bicycle rack. [[Banco Macro|Banco Macro's]] goal is to have the largest and most technologically equipped corporate building in the country, where customers and employees can enjoy functional, pleasant, and sustainable spaces. == Other websites == {{commonscat|Torre Banco Macro}} bulakemfq3jhf70y19ru0obz2nlugqq 10368490 10368489 2025-07-02T23:37:54Z Sir Banking 1243964 10368490 wikitext text/x-wiki {{under construction}} {{Infobox building |name = Macro Tower |native_name = {{big|{{native name|es|paren=omit|Torre Macro}}}} |image = Cielo en Altura.jpg |former_names = |highest_prev = |highest_next = |highest_start = |highest_end = | caption = Macro Tower building in [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. |status = {{green|Complete}} | building_type = [[Office]] |architectural_style = Contemporary |address = Avenida Eduardo Madero 1180 |location = [[Buenos Aires]] |location_country = [[Argentina]] |coordinates = |namesake = |start_date = 2012 |topped_out_date = |completion_date = 2018 |opened = 2018 |cost = [[US$]] 100,000,000 million |owner = [[Banco Macro]] |height= 130 metres |architectural = |tip = |architect = César Pelli |architecture_firm = Vizora y Caputo |structural_engineer = |main_contractor = |parking = |website = {{URL|https://www.macro.com.ar/}} |references = }} '''Macro Tower''' is a corporate building belonging to [[Banco Macro]], located at Av. Madero 1180, in the most important corporate center of [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. The building began construction in 2012 and its external structure was completed in June 2016. It is the work of Argentine architect '''César Pelli'''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Una torre premium con el sello de Pelli|url=http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1749916-una-torre-premium-con-el-sello-de-pelli|date-access=November 19, 2016}}</ref> The tower was designed with the objective of containing all the corporate areas of the Bank in a single building. ==Overview== The tower was designed to house all of the Bank's corporate areas in a single building. It houses more than 2,000 employees and features a modern bank branch, cafeteria, gym, medical office, daycare, multiple meeting rooms, a 200-seat auditorium, a staff dining room, three basement levels for parking, and a bicycle rack. [[Banco Macro|Banco Macro's]] goal is to have the largest and most technologically equipped corporate building in the country, where customers and employees can enjoy functional, pleasant, and sustainable spaces. == Other websites == {{commonscat|Torre Banco Macro}} gp4nac9iy1dd3u1aj98bhr0evdwzey7 10368493 10368490 2025-07-02T23:38:45Z Sir Banking 1243964 10368493 wikitext text/x-wiki {{under construction}} {{Infobox building |name = Macro Tower |native_name = {{big|{{native name|es|paren=omit|Torre Macro}}}} |image = Cielo en Altura.jpg |former_names = |highest_prev = |highest_next = |highest_start = |highest_end = | caption = Macro Tower building in [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. |status = {{green|Complete}} | building_type = [[Office]] |architectural_style = Contemporary |address = Avenida Eduardo Madero 1180 |location = [[Buenos Aires]] |location_country = [[Argentina]] |coordinates = |namesake = |start_date = 2012 |topped_out_date = |completion_date = 2018 |opened = 2018 |cost = [[US$]] 100,000,000 million |owner = [[Banco Macro]] |height= 130 metres |architectural = |tip = |architect = César Pelli |architecture_firm = Vizora y Caputo |structural_engineer = |main_contractor = |parking = |website = {{URL|https://www.macro.com.ar/}} |references = }} '''Macro Tower''' is a corporate building belonging to [[Banco Macro]], located at Av. Madero 1180, in the most important corporate center of [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. The building began construction in 2012 and its external structure was completed in June 2016. It is the work of Argentine architect '''César Pelli'''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Una torre premium con el sello de Pelli|url=http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1749916-una-torre-premium-con-el-sello-de-pelli|date-access=November 19, 2016}}</ref> The tower was designed with the objective of containing all the corporate areas of the Bank in a single building. ==Overview== The tower was designed to house all of the Bank's corporate areas in a single building. It houses more than 2,000 employees and features a modern bank branch, cafeteria, gym, medical office, daycare, multiple meeting rooms, a 200-seat auditorium, a staff dining room, three basement levels for parking, and a bicycle rack. [[Banco Macro|Banco Macro's]] goal is to have the largest and most technologically equipped corporate building in the country, where customers and employees can enjoy functional, pleasant, and sustainable spaces. ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == {{commonscat|Torre Banco Macro}} nn3bv6g8ep5niduu8rvtyhq8myafabb 10368494 10368493 2025-07-02T23:39:38Z Sir Banking 1243964 10368494 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox building |name = Macro Tower |native_name = {{big|{{native name|es|paren=omit|Torre Macro}}}} |image = Cielo en Altura.jpg |former_names = |highest_prev = |highest_next = |highest_start = |highest_end = | caption = Macro Tower building in [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. |status = {{green|Complete}} | building_type = [[Office]] |architectural_style = Contemporary |address = Avenida Eduardo Madero 1180 |location = [[Buenos Aires]] |location_country = [[Argentina]] |coordinates = |namesake = |start_date = 2012 |topped_out_date = |completion_date = 2018 |opened = 2018 |cost = [[US$]] 100,000,000 million |owner = [[Banco Macro]] |height= 130 metres |architectural = |tip = |architect = César Pelli |architecture_firm = Vizora y Caputo |structural_engineer = |main_contractor = |parking = |website = {{URL|https://www.macro.com.ar/}} |references = }} '''Macro Tower''' is a corporate building belonging to [[Banco Macro]], located at Av. Madero 1180, in the most important corporate center of [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. The building began construction in 2012 and its external structure was completed in June 2016. It is the work of Argentine architect '''César Pelli'''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Una torre premium con el sello de Pelli|url=http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1749916-una-torre-premium-con-el-sello-de-pelli|date-access=November 19, 2016}}</ref> The tower was designed with the objective of containing all the corporate areas of the Bank in a single building. ==Overview== The tower was designed to house all of the Bank's corporate areas in a single building. It houses more than 2,000 employees and features a modern bank branch, cafeteria, gym, medical office, daycare, multiple meeting rooms, a 200-seat auditorium, a staff dining room, three basement levels for parking, and a bicycle rack. [[Banco Macro|Banco Macro's]] goal is to have the largest and most technologically equipped corporate building in the country, where customers and employees can enjoy functional, pleasant, and sustainable spaces. ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == {{commonscat|Torre Banco Macro}} joadzkz60wibk76zrq9sfuk8fqwkilp 10368502 10368494 2025-07-02T23:42:03Z Sir Banking 1243964 10368502 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox building |name = Macro Tower |native_name = {{big|{{native name|es|paren=omit|Torre Macro}}}} |image = Cielo en Altura.jpg |former_names = |highest_prev = |highest_next = |highest_start = |highest_end = | caption = Macro Tower building in [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. |status = {{green|Complete}} | building_type = [[Office]] |architectural_style = Contemporary |address = Avenida Eduardo Madero 1180 |location = [[Buenos Aires]] |location_country = [[Argentina]] |coordinates = |namesake = |start_date = 2012 |topped_out_date = |completion_date = 2016 |opened = 2018 |cost = [[US$]] 100,000,000 million |owner = [[Banco Macro]] |height= 130 metres |architectural = |tip = |architect = César Pelli |architecture_firm = Vizora y Caputo |structural_engineer = |main_contractor = |parking = |website = {{URL|https://www.macro.com.ar/}} |references = }} '''Macro Tower''' is a corporate building belonging to [[Banco Macro]], located at Av. Madero 1180, in the most important corporate center of [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. The building began construction in 2012 and its external structure was completed in June 2016. It is the work of Argentine architect '''César Pelli'''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Una torre premium con el sello de Pelli|url=http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1749916-una-torre-premium-con-el-sello-de-pelli|date-access=November 19, 2016}}</ref> The tower was designed with the objective of containing all the corporate areas of the Bank in a single building. ==Overview== The tower was designed to house all of the Bank's corporate areas in a single building. It houses more than 2,000 employees and features a modern bank branch, cafeteria, gym, medical office, daycare, multiple meeting rooms, a 200-seat auditorium, a staff dining room, three basement levels for parking, and a bicycle rack. [[Banco Macro|Banco Macro's]] goal is to have the largest and most technologically equipped corporate building in the country, where customers and employees can enjoy functional, pleasant, and sustainable spaces. ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == {{commonscat|Torre Banco Macro}} 5kfakj5q5cg1swnk1b26yur35uwzr42 3 1201635 10368443 2025-07-02T23:11:37Z MathXplore 966595 General note: Editing tests. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368443 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to Wikipedia. Your change to one or more pages worked, but because it had things in it which did not help improve the page, it was [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you would like to do more tests on Wikipedia, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. You may also want to read the [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome page]] to learn about helping the Simple English Wikipedia. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-test1 --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 23:11, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> tdx7dikc41qzwdfxz3426se22ycrjkr 4 1201636 10368446 2025-07-02T23:12:39Z Ferien 1011873 Creating deletion discussion page for [[The World Federation of Great Towers]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368446 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === The World Federation of Great Towers === :{{lc|The World Federation of Great Towers}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The World Federation of Great Towers|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Appears to fail [[WP:GNG]]. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:12, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''23:12, 9 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> 53gw3hypaivk7pl3qpfq5ysifv08m5x 4 1201637 10368451 2025-07-02T23:13:35Z Ferien 1011873 Creating deletion discussion page for [[The Weekend Top 30]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368451 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === The Weekend Top 30 === :{{lc|The Weekend Top 30}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/The Weekend Top 30|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' appears to fail [[WP:GNG]]. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:13, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''23:13, 9 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> gju26ov9b5woyxof6qfdb9psw6w79nc 4 1201638 10368461 2025-07-02T23:22:45Z Ferien 1011873 Creating deletion discussion page for [[Aidin Ardjomandi]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368461 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Aidin Ardjomandi === :{{lc|Aidin Ardjomandi}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Aidin Ardjomandi|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' fails [[WP:GNG]], also see [[:w:en:Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aidin Ardjomandi]]. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:22, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''23:22, 9 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> 1e6kawu0tgnyoo85zkjmjmpxg7vgbyo 10368568 10368461 2025-07-03T00:22:22Z Fr33kman 15149 /* Discussion */ d 10368568 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Aidin Ardjomandi === :{{lc|Aidin Ardjomandi}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Aidin Ardjomandi|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' fails [[WP:GNG]], also see [[:w:en:Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aidin Ardjomandi]]. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:22, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *{{vd}} not notable himself. The memberships are not anything special as they are organisations a person can join and aren't elected positions. If he had won an A'DESIGN award that might be something but he's just a jury member: one among many. The awards he has won aren't notable themselves. The article is also probably an undisclosed paid bit of spam '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:22, 3 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''23:22, 9 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> 17ztd3q7ftz20hq41vqrpxawzi58ygj 1 1201639 10368471 2025-07-02T23:25:40Z 2804:1690:FF7C:5F00:D4EC:A883:91C:F8D5 Created page with "AÁÀÂÄBVGDDZDZSEÉÈĒÊËJZIÍÌÏĪYKLMNOÓÒÔŌÖΠPCĆTUÚÙŪÜÛFXSČSHSHH"II'ÉYUYA ~~~~" 10368471 wikitext text/x-wiki AÁÀÂÄBVGDDZDZSEÉÈĒÊËJZIÍÌÏĪYKLMNOÓÒÔŌÖΠPCĆTUÚÙŪÜÛFXSČSHSHH"II'ÉYUYA [[Special:Contributions/2804:1690:FF7C:5F00:D4EC:A883:91C:F8D5|2804:1690:FF7C:5F00:D4EC:A883:91C:F8D5]] ([[User talk:2804:1690:FF7C:5F00:D4EC:A883:91C:F8D5|talk]]) 23:25, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ls1gvczb728ba5182scga5b6kptb40u 10368474 10368471 2025-07-02T23:27:35Z MathXplore 966595 Reset talk page with [[:w:simple:User:DannyS712/Reset talk|reset talk]] (version 1.1) 10368474 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Talk header}} 6ujz0t3lkt6jsf7d1r360l6l7wj3njb 14 1201640 10368473 2025-07-02T23:27:06Z MathXplore 966595 Created page with "{{Year nationality television series debuts or endings category}}" 10368473 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Year nationality television series debuts or endings category}} 353bzycojs84ow7tyilupase9c6kl7w 3 1201641 10368476 2025-07-02T23:27:48Z MathXplore 966595 General note: Unhelpful changes. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368476 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make helpful changes to Wikipedia. However, some of [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|your changes]] did not seem to be helpful and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 23:27, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> 7gec60ued4ph2wc6652nbcluwswvgnr 4 1201642 10368477 2025-07-02T23:28:04Z Ferien 1011873 Creating deletion discussion page for [[Mario Bobino]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368477 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Mario Bobino (2nd nomination) === :{{lc|Mario Bobino (2nd nomination)}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mario Bobino (2nd nomination)|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Appears to fail [[WP:GNG]]. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:28, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''23:28, 9 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> my4onmxxoff9s0ehgjrx9xf506rhzy3 10368482 10368477 2025-07-02T23:28:58Z Ferien 1011873 /* Mario Bobino (2nd nomination) */ 2nd nom it is then 10368482 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Mario Bobino === :{{lc|Mario Bobino}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mario Bobino (2nd nomination)|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Appears to fail [[WP:GNG]]. Second nomination as very little comment on [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mario Bobino]]. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:28, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''23:28, 9 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> 21aoppkb7lyfl8j7zgxyzh5ovzbveu7 10368515 10368482 2025-07-02T23:54:01Z Fr33kman 15149 /* Discussion */ d 10368515 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Mario Bobino === :{{lc|Mario Bobino}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mario Bobino (2nd nomination)|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Appears to fail [[WP:GNG]]. Second nomination as very little comment on [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mario Bobino]]. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:28, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *{{vd}} surely this is a recreation of already deleted material?? '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:53, 2 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''23:28, 9 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> e0xkwtfput8swo3z8s38zhhssnxsgn1 10368528 10368515 2025-07-03T00:06:03Z Ferien 1011873 /* Discussion */ Reply 10368528 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Mario Bobino === :{{lc|Mario Bobino}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mario Bobino (2nd nomination)|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Appears to fail [[WP:GNG]]. Second nomination as very little comment on [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mario Bobino]]. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:28, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *{{vd}} surely this is a recreation of already deleted material?? '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:53, 2 July 2025 (UTC) *:The last one counts as a soft-delete as it received minimal participation - a delete per nom "vote" doesn't really help build a stronger consensus. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 00:06, 3 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''23:28, 9 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> idki2yz0e3a1wwucqbwvmc26b3qqhoy 3 1201643 10368479 2025-07-02T23:28:04Z Ferien 1011873 Notification: listing at [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] of [[Mario Bobino]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368479 wikitext text/x-wiki ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Mario Bobino== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Mario Bobino]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Mario Bobino]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:28, 2 July 2025 (UTC) d3p6mmbkvhobpj6tqhuajb7xw1gazld 4 1201644 10368497 2025-07-02T23:40:05Z Ferien 1011873 Creating deletion discussion page for [[A Wopbopaloobop A Lopbamboom]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368497 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === A Wopbopaloobop A Lopbamboom === :{{lc|A Wopbopaloobop A Lopbamboom}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A Wopbopaloobop A Lopbamboom|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' fails [[WP:GNG]]/[[:w:en:WP:NFILM]] --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:40, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''23:40, 9 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> dcjgpflxolpzf92k06qfie6xfbmqovo 10368508 10368497 2025-07-02T23:47:44Z Fr33kman 15149 /* Discussion */ d 10368508 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === A Wopbopaloobop A Lopbamboom === :{{lc|A Wopbopaloobop A Lopbamboom}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A Wopbopaloobop A Lopbamboom|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' fails [[WP:GNG]]/[[:w:en:WP:NFILM]] --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:40, 2 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *{{vd}} utterly fails NFILM, doesn't even try to claim notability '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:47, 2 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''23:40, 9 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> 5y3y49e5oh6g1i2jipftnk3hffdnuho 3 1201645 10368498 2025-07-02T23:40:05Z Ferien 1011873 Notification: listing at [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] of [[A Wopbopaloobop A Lopbamboom]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368498 wikitext text/x-wiki ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of A Wopbopaloobop A Lopbamboom== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:A Wopbopaloobop A Lopbamboom]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/A Wopbopaloobop A Lopbamboom]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:40, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 27wcimwbmn0zw5tzv17mxhl8uhoggaj 0 1201646 10368511 2025-07-02T23:50:09Z Sir Banking 1243964 Redirected page to [[Macro Tower]] 10368511 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Macro Tower]] mf6jz9rwm6e39k2dcilhnm4v7v8xfev 0 1201647 10368512 2025-07-02T23:50:46Z Sir Banking 1243964 Redirected page to [[Banco Macro]] 10368512 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Banco Macro]] jawf615mildmbl3dhwwusmw2w0iy2b4 3 1201649 10368519 2025-07-02T23:55:34Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 Notification: quick deletion nomination of [[Ashlan Chidester]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368519 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Quick deletion of Ashlan Chidester== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Ashlan Chidester]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Ashlan Chidester}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 23:55, 2 July 2025 (UTC) 0o77z87bub39m2vx56ho4vud1ord1yv 10368557 10368519 2025-07-03T00:18:31Z Cloud899 1635969 10368557 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Quick deletion of Ashlan Chidester== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Ashlan Chidester]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Ashlan Chidester}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 23:55, 2 July 2025 (UTC) {{wait}} lp1er3ltiwe0odo6arzaesf5u4wuy7e 2 1201651 10368535 2025-07-03T00:09:04Z Immanuelle 1174418 Immanuelle moved page [[User:Immanuelle/Adachiyama Myokengu]] to [[User:Immanuelle/Adachiyama Myoken Shrine]]: Source calls it this 10368535 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[User:Immanuelle/Adachiyama Myoken Shrine]] 4yde25baoduc7a9fsg2ngnkd44120dd 4 1201652 10368538 2025-07-03T00:09:53Z Ferien 1011873 Creating deletion discussion page for [[21 Mincing Lane]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368538 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === 21 Mincing Lane === :{{lc|21 Mincing Lane}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/21 Mincing Lane|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Fails [[:w:en:WP:NBUILDING]]. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 00:09, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''00:09, 10 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> mxvx6z31qf5uw5bvuzm0f50s8qikg3u 10368592 10368538 2025-07-03T00:38:07Z Fr33kman 15149 /* Discussion */ d 10368592 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === 21 Mincing Lane === :{{lc|21 Mincing Lane}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/21 Mincing Lane|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Fails [[:w:en:WP:NBUILDING]]. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 00:09, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *{{vd}} not a significant building, no news articles, not architecturally important '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:37, 3 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''00:09, 10 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> dywp5q9gcafk8w4layqjn5m6kqj2obk 3 1201653 10368546 2025-07-03T00:12:44Z ChenzwBot 16695 Adding level 1 warning about vandalism on [[The Magic School Bus (TV series)]] (BOT) 10368546 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|left|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make useful changes to Wikipedia. However, at least one of your changes, such as the one you made to "[[:The Magic School Bus (TV series)]]", did not seem to be helpful and has been '''automatically reverted''' by [[User:ChenzwBot|ChenzwBot]]. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you. *Technical details: [[Special:Diff/10368544|Edit]] (10368544) processed with score of 0.98447. <small> *As an automated computer program, ChenzwBot makes few mistakes, but it may happen in rare cases. If you believe your change was not vandalism, remove this message from your talk page, and then make the change again. </small> <!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> --[[User:ChenzwBot|ChenzwBot]] ([[User talk:ChenzwBot|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/ChenzwBot|contribs]]) 00:12, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ruehca781ox68hrmzcko1ccar4rej0i 4 1201654 10368562 2025-07-03T00:20:36Z Ferien 1011873 Creating deletion discussion page for [[Aircash]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368562 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Aircash === :{{lc|Aircash}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Aircash|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' fails GNG --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 00:20, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''00:20, 10 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> qsyla1voseblxe4b8ane01z6z0me0nm 10368581 10368562 2025-07-03T00:28:30Z Fr33kman 15149 /* Discussion */ d 10368581 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Aircash === :{{lc|Aircash}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Aircash|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' fails GNG --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 00:20, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *{{vd}} not notable, possibly a case of TOOSOON. No significant RSes I can find '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:28, 3 July 2025 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''00:20, 10 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> 1apfdzpnk5ffr9vf67mqf611pdc22zv 4 1201655 10368616 2025-07-03T01:03:21Z Fr33kman 15149 Creating deletion discussion page for [[Trendupp Awards]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368616 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Trendupp Awards === :{{lc|Trendupp Awards}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Trendupp Awards|action=edit}} close request]</span> Fr33kman ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Non-notable awards, only sources are typical Nigerian puffery '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:03, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''01:03, 10 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> 0nnig7p3dsozlvuqs7n3cih9sfrg92g 4 1201656 10368620 2025-07-03T01:05:13Z Fr33kman 15149 Creating deletion discussion page for [[Nigerian Humanitarian Awards and Magazine]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368620 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Nigerian Humanitarian Awards and Magazine === :{{lc|Nigerian Humanitarian Awards and Magazine}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Nigerian Humanitarian Awards and Magazine|action=edit}} close request]</span> Fr33kman ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Non-notable awards, only sources are typical Nigerian puffery '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:05, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''01:05, 10 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> tc4vf4awsnhkzmkqqtwu7outsxikqgk 4 1201657 10368629 2025-07-03T01:15:03Z Fr33kman 15149 Creating deletion discussion page for [[Itti Si Khushi]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368629 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Itti Si Khushi === :{{lc|Itti Si Khushi}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Itti Si Khushi|action=edit}} close request]</span> Fr33kman ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Non-notable TV program, not significant coverage '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:15, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''01:15, 10 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> g3bjlomc9t7sokd8wmdja1czibttet0 3 1201658 10368630 2025-07-03T01:15:03Z Fr33kman 15149 Notification: listing at [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] of [[Itti Si Khushi]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368630 wikitext text/x-wiki ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Itti Si Khushi== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Itti Si Khushi]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Itti Si Khushi]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:15, 3 July 2025 (UTC) cna58vtzgnf5c60ue7vzsg6rckuek5a 2 1201659 10368661 2025-07-03T01:51:32Z Jdhidijdjdj 1301875 Created page with "I am a girl who's called "'''feverfew'''" on the [[Internet]]. It may be harder to read, but my main page is on the not-basic [[English Wikipedia]] at [[:en:User:Jdhidijdjdj]]" 10368661 wikitext text/x-wiki I am a girl who's called "'''feverfew'''" on the [[Internet]]. It may be harder to read, but my main page is on the not-basic [[English Wikipedia]] at [[:en:User:Jdhidijdjdj]] nvbyhktch0sucjx6i4qmbuzkk57onvt 10368663 10368661 2025-07-03T01:52:49Z Jdhidijdjdj 1301875 10368663 wikitext text/x-wiki I am a girl who likes the name "'''feverfew'''" on the rest of the [[Internet]]. It may be harder to read, but my main page is on the not-basic [[English Wikipedia]] at [[:en:User:Jdhidijdjdj]] hsylf9545gjcs32d8m5va513xmzwd2p 10368833 10368663 2025-07-03T03:17:42Z Jdhidijdjdj 1301875 10368833 wikitext text/x-wiki I am a girl who likes the name "'''feverfew'''" on the rest of the [[Internet]]. It may be harder to read, but my main user page is on the non-basic [[English Wikipedia]] at [[:en:User:Jdhidijdjdj| User:Jdhidijdjdj]]. I am working on a draft article for the [[Nickelodeon]] show Breadwinners. You may find it [[User:Jdhidijdjdj/BreadwinnersDraft|here]]. ces4p37yvr85nbtpzudi8fwy9henedu 14 1201660 10368695 2025-07-03T02:09:59Z Auntof6 22027 Created page with "{{year category header}}" 10368695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{year category header}} 2rkb81x9h6m4rphf12avbyaiwh8q1io 0 1201661 10368722 2025-07-03T02:19:20Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 common name 10368722 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kurixalus eiffingeri]] 7r5nszbuc79sn83g0loljxpnh5djh5v 0 1201662 10368751 2025-07-03T02:28:49Z Walid777999 1636005 Created by translating the page "[[:ar:Special:Redirect/revision/71220131|الأكاديمية الطبية العسكرية (مصر)]]" 10368751 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''The Egyptian Military Medical Academy''' is one of the scientific facilities affiliated [[Egyptian Armed Forces|with the Egyptian Armed Forces]], which was established in 1979 to benefit from the expertise of Armed Forces doctors. It aims to train and educate medical service officers, conduct various specialized studies, and conduct medical research in various military and clinical medicine sciences. <ref>[https://manshurat.org/node/902 منشورات قانونية - إنشاء أكاديمية طبية عسكرية بالقوات المسلحة] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518203408/https://manshurat.org/node/902|date=18 مايو 2020}}</ref> == Academy objectives == Keeping pace with the rapid development of medical sciences and facilitating access for Armed Forces doctors to high-quality, continuous academic training and qualifications, enabling them to provide distinguished medical services through: * Increasing the number and percentage of highly qualified medical officers within the armed forces * Raising the level of proficiency in education and training for holders of higher qualifications in continuing medical education == Affiliated institutes == * [[معهد طب الطيران والفضاء العسكري (مصر)|Military Aviation and Space Medicine Institute]] * [[معهد الصحة والوقائيات العسكري (مصر)|Military Health and Preventive Institute]] * [[معهد الطب البحري (مصر)|Institute of Marine Medicine]] * [[معهد الطب العسكري (مصر)|Military Medical Institute]] == Academy Presidents == * Major General Doctor / Mohamed Saad El-Din Omar (April 1979 – December 1980) * Major General Doctor / Hussein Muhammad Badr al-Din (December 1980 – December 1983) * Major General Doctor / Mohamed Abbas Ahmed Hamed (January 1984 – June 1985) * Major General Doctor / Adel Amin Muhammad Amin (July 1985 – December 1986) * Major General Doctor / Adel Ahmed Kadry (January 1987 – June 1987) * Major General Doctor / Abdel Salam Sayed Jumaa (July 1987 – June 1989) * Major General Doctor / Mohamed Mohamed Saqr (July 1989 – June 1991) * Major General Doctor / Fahmy El-Sayed Ahmed (July 1991 – December 1991) * Major General Doctor / Ismail Mahmoud Sabry (January 1992 – June 1994) * Major General Doctor / Asaad Sameh Abdel Hadi (June 1994 – December 1994) * Major General Doctor / Ibrahim Abdel Khaleq (January 1995 – December 1995) * Major General Doctor / Mahmoud Sami Talaba (December 1995 – March 1996) * Major General Doctor / Mohamed Mamdouh Mahdi (March 1996 – August 2002) * Major General Doctor / Mohamed Mahgoub Khairy (August 2002 – August 2003) * Major General / Abdel Salam El Shazly (September 2003 - June 2006) * Major General Doctor / Omar Heikal (July 2006 - August 2012) * Major General Doctor / Hesham Abdel Raouf Ali (September 2012 - December 2014). * Major General Doctor / Ahmed Hassan Fawzy Al-Tawdi (December 2014 - April 2020). <ref name=":1">[http://www.mma.edu.eg/History.asp الأكاديمية الطبية العسكرية - نبذة تاريخية] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413010213/http://www.mma.edu.eg/History.aspx|date=13 أبريل 2020}}</ref> * Major General Doctor / [[:en:Ghada_Salah_El_Manbawi|Ghada Salah El Manbawi]] (April 2020 - June 2022). <ref name=":1" /> * Major General Doctor / Amin Fouad Shaker. <ref>[https://mod.gov.eg/ModWebSite/NewsDetailsAr.aspx?id=42325 وزارة الدفاع - الأكاديمية الطبية العسكرية توقع بروتوكول للتعاون مع شركة ميدي تراين إيجيبت] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930090145/https://www.mod.gov.eg/ModWebSite/NewsDetailsAr.aspx?id=42325|date=2022-09-30}}</ref> * Major General Doctor / Tariq Raafat Al-Najdi. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2025-06-24|title=رئيس الأكاديمية الطبية العسكرية يوقع عقد إتفاق مع الجامعة المصرية الصينية|url=https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/311774/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B9-%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF-%D8%A5%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9?lang=ar|access-date=2025-06-26|website=[[الهيئة العامة للاستعلامات (مصر)]]}}</ref> == Academy Boards of Directors == * Military Medical Academy Council * Supreme Council of the Military Medical Academy * Higher Specialized Medical Councils * Board of Advisors for Various Medical Specialties It includes all the consultants, each in his specialty, and heads of departments in teaching hospitals. It meets once every (month), where a plan is discussed and developed for training and qualifying doctors and evaluating scientific participation inside and outside the armed forces with Egyptian universities and medical associations, as well as the relations between the various hospitals and the various departments within the hospitals. == sources == {{Reflist}} == External links == * [http://www.mma.edu.eg/ '''Official website of the Military Medical Academy'''] {{القوات المسلحة المصرية}}{{منشآت تعليمية عسكرية مصرية}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Egypt]] [[Category:Egyptian academics]] [[Category:Egypt-related lists]] ipce37miusphjypb2gnwqlochilxbf4 0 1201663 10368778 2025-07-03T02:41:06Z Jdhidijdjdj 1301875 Redirected page to [[Magical DoReMi]] 10368778 wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect [[Magical DoReMi]] {{Rcatshell| {{R from other name}} }} ermxotk0b8k5jp99zztnxdmd4sgp69j 3 1201664 10368786 2025-07-03T02:43:57Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 General note: Adding wrong information. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10368786 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Your recent change appears to have added wrong information and has been removed. If you think the information that you added was correct, please [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|provide a source]] for the change or discuss it on the article's [[Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines|talk page]]. Please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]] for any tests that you wish to make. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-error1 --> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:43, 3 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> 7excfstm2xpjy319l2wuub866x6sg9u 0 1201665 10368801 2025-07-03T02:55:20Z Mickie-Mickie 1391867 alternative name 10368801 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mao, Dominican Republic]] et8lbsftyomf9mdx588nxkzj95z56ff 2 1201666 10368810 2025-07-03T03:00:28Z Jdhidijdjdj 1301875 Created page with "A draft for a Simple English article on the Nickelodeon cartoon ''Breadwinners''. '''Breadwinners''' is an [[animated series|animated television series]]. It was produced by [[Nickelodeon]]. It was first shown as a "sneak beak" on February 17, 2014 The creators of ''Breadwinners'' are ''Gary "Doodles" DiRaffaele'' and ''[[Steve Borst]]''. They originally made it as a short on [[YouTube]], but got in contact with ''Nickelodeon'' to make it a full series." 10368810 wikitext text/x-wiki A draft for a Simple English article on the Nickelodeon cartoon ''Breadwinners''. '''Breadwinners''' is an [[animated series|animated television series]]. It was produced by [[Nickelodeon]]. It was first shown as a "sneak beak" on February 17, 2014 The creators of ''Breadwinners'' are ''Gary "Doodles" DiRaffaele'' and ''[[Steve Borst]]''. They originally made it as a short on [[YouTube]], but got in contact with ''Nickelodeon'' to make it a full series. cl567oqx84rldfbssmhzccsyudlxiz2 10368823 10368810 2025-07-03T03:14:14Z Jdhidijdjdj 1301875 10368823 wikitext text/x-wiki A draft for a Simple English article on the Nickelodeon cartoon ''Breadwinners''. '''Breadwinners''' is an [[animated series|animated television series]]. It was produced by [[Nickelodeon]]. It was first shown as a "sneak beak" on February 17, 2014, then new episodes came out until the end of 2015. The show resumed on [[Nicktoons (American TV channel)| Nicktoons]] in 2016 for its last episodes. The creators of ''Breadwinners'' are ''Gary "Doodles" DiRaffaele'' and ''[[Steve Borst]]''. They originally made it as a short on [[YouTube]], but got in contact with ''Nickelodeon'' to make it a full series. == Plot == The show is about the adventures of two green [[ducks]] named SwaySway and Buhdeuce who deliver all kinds of bread to the people of Pondgea with their rocket van. SwaySway is the tall one and the leader of the duo. Buhdeuce is shorter and rounder but loyal. == Characters == * '''SwaySway''' (voiced by [[Robbie Daymond]]) is a tall duck that wears a blue hat and shorts. He comes from a long line of breadwinners. * '''Buhdeuce''' (voiced by [[Eric Bauza]]) is a short round duck who is 30 inches tall. 0avolqrmqvjazwzd0rzmj01quhs9phj 0 1201668 10368932 2025-07-03T04:06:38Z Haoreima 1043157 Redirected page to [[Takhel Ngamba]] 10368932 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Takhel Ngamba]] liu4z78fpkh4d7r7iulvn41xz5uhunn 1 1201669 10368949 2025-07-03T04:29:17Z Wakefulzack 665230 /* Deletion of this page */ new section 10368949 wikitext text/x-wiki == Deletion of this page == I see no reason to have a duplicate page of an object which has much more detail than this one [[User:Wakefulzack|Wakefulzack]] ([[User talk:Wakefulzack|talk]]) 04:29, 3 July 2025 (UTC) 9ye81kkqqx3kr7rjnaz6xu1qeb7huy9 10368956 10368949 2025-07-03T04:35:58Z Wakefulzack 665230 /* Deletion of this page */ Reply 10368956 wikitext text/x-wiki == Deletion of this page == I see no reason to have a duplicate page of an object which has much more detail than this one [[User:Wakefulzack|Wakefulzack]] ([[User talk:Wakefulzack|talk]]) 04:29, 3 July 2025 (UTC) :upon further inspection; this page exists on simplified Wikipedia. :carry on and ignore my foolishness [[User:Wakefulzack|Wakefulzack]] ([[User talk:Wakefulzack|talk]]) 04:35, 3 July 2025 (UTC) kzbydroed62gc3jjgvv014f3kpshhwv 1 1201670 10368958 2025-07-03T04:43:14Z 2804:49C8:FFE5:2200:D85B:D8EA:F9E6:DFD5 /* O */ new section 10368958 wikitext text/x-wiki 3 1201671 10368985 2025-07-03T05:23:40Z PowerBUL 552671 Created page with "==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of WikiIndex== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:WikiIndex]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Plea..." 10368985 wikitext text/x-wiki ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of WikiIndex== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:WikiIndex]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/WikiIndex]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. [[User:Kuskrey|Ksy]] 13:19, 11 February 2025 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Videoclip.bg== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has requested [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Videoclip.bg]], a page you created. We appreciate your changes, but the nominator doesn't believe that the page meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). Please comment on the discussion by adding your comments at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Videoclip.bg]] and please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to address the nominator's concerns. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] template from the top of the page; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you very much. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:38, 2 July 2025 (UTC) :Editing in this language version is a waste of time! --[[User:PowerBUL|PowerBUL]] ([[User talk:PowerBUL#top|talk]]) 05:21, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ax11sblxjfms1g3q9royn8klkib4olx 0 1201672 10368989 2025-07-03T05:24:03Z Mark Rekon 1624016 translated from Standard English Wikipedia 10368989 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Arsuz''' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]: أرسوز; [[Greek language|Greek]]: Αρσούς) is a municipality and district of [[Hatay Province]], [[Turkey]]. Its area is 462 km2, and its population is 101,233 (2022). It covers the southwestern part of the İskenderun agglomeration and the adjacent countryside and coast. In ancient times, it was known as Rhosus (Ancient Greek: Ῥῶσός and Ῥωσός) and was a former bishopric and titular see. {{geo-stub}} pyvf5hq7sa32wb2exj25tsra3q4pw0o 0 1201673 10368995 2025-07-03T05:37:49Z Eptalon 2133 Created page with "The '''Queen Elizabeth University Hospital''' is a [[hospital]] in [[Glasgow]]. It can accomodate more than 1600 [[Patient|patients]]. It also has two units for [[emergency medicine]], one for adults, and the other for children. It opened in 2015, on the site of anther hosptal." 10368995 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Queen Elizabeth University Hospital''' is a [[hospital]] in [[Glasgow]]. It can accomodate more than 1600 [[Patient|patients]]. It also has two units for [[emergency medicine]], one for adults, and the other for children. It opened in 2015, on the site of anther hosptal. jgmlya1n7qdoti8f0jwmtzbl9tqn5wq 10369165 10368995 2025-07-03T08:09:30Z Cactusisme 1477024 10369165 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unsourced}} The '''Queen Elizabeth University Hospital''' is a [[hospital]] in [[Glasgow]]. It can accomodate more than 1600 [[Patient|patients]]. It also has two units for [[emergency medicine]], one for adults, and the other for children. It opened in 2015, on the site of anther hosptal. 90ell9nkpzm0enshrwr8dt6qrxkjc74 10369260 10369165 2025-07-03T09:09:26Z Cyberbot I 224035 Dating maintenance tags (bot edit) ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10369260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{nosources|date=July 2025}} The '''Queen Elizabeth University Hospital''' is a [[hospital]] in [[Glasgow]]. It can accomodate more than 1600 [[Patient|patients]]. It also has two units for [[emergency medicine]], one for adults, and the other for children. It opened in 2015, on the site of anther hosptal. ntv0ux2yaysw1g0cem7crr59o2ugb9j 10369424 10369260 2025-07-03T11:18:57Z Sahaib 1033392 typo 10369424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{nosources|date=July 2025}} The '''Queen Elizabeth University Hospital''' is a [[hospital]] in [[Glasgow]]. It can accomodate more than 1600 [[Patient|patients]]. It also has two units for [[emergency medicine]], one for adults, and the other for children. It opened in 2015, on the site of another hosptal. bjato1s7c259bczp84rrbjh60xlrqkf 0 1201674 10369027 2025-07-03T05:48:41Z 180.191.102.72 Redirected page to [[Dunkleosteus]] 10369027 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Dunkleosteus]] m1bf932y92rb4c4griqdt40v2pimebs 0 1201675 10369041 2025-07-03T05:53:46Z S-Aura 1485520 Creating article about Shantanu Naidu 10369041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Shantanu Vyankatesh Naidu | image = <!-- Add image if available --> | caption = Shantanu Naidu in 2024 | birth_date = {{circa|1993}} | birth_place = [[Mumbai]], Maharashtra, India | nationality = Indian | alma_mater = Savitribai Phule Pune University <br>[[Cornell University]] [[MBA]], 2018 | occupation = [[Entrepreneur]], [[author]], [[executive]] | employer = [[Tata Motors]] | title = General Manager | known_for = [[Ratan Tata]] | notable_works = ''I Came Upon a Lighthouse'' | website = [https://www.motopaws.org Motopaws] }} '''Shantanu Naidu''' (born around 1993) is an Indian [[entrepreneur]] and [[executive]]. He works as a General Manager at [[Tata Motors]]. He also worked as the personal assistant to [[Ratan Tata]], the former [[chairman]] of Tata Group.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who is Shantanu Naidu: The founder of Goodfellows |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/lifestyle-who-is-shantanu-naidu-the-founder-of-goodfellows-who-is-ratan-tatas-30-year-old-friend-and-his-manager-know-more-about-his-journey-start-up-and-net-worth-3201600/ |website=Financial Express |date=10 October 2024 |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref> == Career == Naidu started as an intern at [[Tata Technologies]] in 2019. After he worked as a [[design engineer]] at [[Tata Elxsi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shantanu Naidu |url=https://starsunfolded.com/shantanu-naidu/ |website=StarsUnfolded |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref> === Goodfellows === Naidu started a group called [[Goodfellows]] in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Goodfellows - Company founded by Shantanu Naidu |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/lifestyle-who-is-shantanu-naidu-the-founder-of-goodfellows-who-is-ratan-tatas-30-year-old-friend-and-his-manager-know-more-about-his-journey-start-up-and-net-worth-3201600/ |website=Financial Express |date=10 October 2024 |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Who is Shantanu Naidu: The founder of Goodfellows |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/lifestyle-who-is-shantanu-naidu-the-founder-of-goodfellows-who-is-ratan-tatas-30-year-old-friend-and-his-manager-know-more-about-his-journey-start-up-and-net-worth-3201600/ |website=Financial Express |date=10 October 2024 |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref> === Tata Motors === In January 2025, Naidu became [[General Manager]] and Head of Strategic Initiatives at [[Tata Motors]].<ref>{{Cite web |title="I would wait for him": Shantanu Naidu announces new role |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/i-would-wait-for-him-shantanu-naidu-ratan-tatas-close-aide-announces-new-start-in-an-emotional-post/articleshow/117914820.cms |website=Economic Times |date=4 February 2025 |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref> == Books == In 2021, Naidu wrote a memoir called ''I Came Upon a Lighthouse''. It tells about his experiences working with Ratan Tata. == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:1990s births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Indian businesspeople]] [[Category:Indian memoirists]] [[Category:Tata Motors people]] [[Category:Cornell University alumni]] 1tcy3eaebd9asipvoeas1jd91guau8s 10369042 10369041 2025-07-03T05:54:18Z S-Aura 1485520 /* Books */ 10369042 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Shantanu Vyankatesh Naidu | image = <!-- Add image if available --> | caption = Shantanu Naidu in 2024 | birth_date = {{circa|1993}} | birth_place = [[Mumbai]], Maharashtra, India | nationality = Indian | alma_mater = Savitribai Phule Pune University <br>[[Cornell University]] [[MBA]], 2018 | occupation = [[Entrepreneur]], [[author]], [[executive]] | employer = [[Tata Motors]] | title = General Manager | known_for = [[Ratan Tata]] | notable_works = ''I Came Upon a Lighthouse'' | website = [https://www.motopaws.org Motopaws] }} '''Shantanu Naidu''' (born around 1993) is an Indian [[entrepreneur]] and [[executive]]. He works as a General Manager at [[Tata Motors]]. He also worked as the personal assistant to [[Ratan Tata]], the former [[chairman]] of Tata Group.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who is Shantanu Naidu: The founder of Goodfellows |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/lifestyle-who-is-shantanu-naidu-the-founder-of-goodfellows-who-is-ratan-tatas-30-year-old-friend-and-his-manager-know-more-about-his-journey-start-up-and-net-worth-3201600/ |website=Financial Express |date=10 October 2024 |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref> == Career == Naidu started as an intern at [[Tata Technologies]] in 2019. After he worked as a [[design engineer]] at [[Tata Elxsi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shantanu Naidu |url=https://starsunfolded.com/shantanu-naidu/ |website=StarsUnfolded |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref> === Goodfellows === Naidu started a group called [[Goodfellows]] in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Goodfellows - Company founded by Shantanu Naidu |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/lifestyle-who-is-shantanu-naidu-the-founder-of-goodfellows-who-is-ratan-tatas-30-year-old-friend-and-his-manager-know-more-about-his-journey-start-up-and-net-worth-3201600/ |website=Financial Express |date=10 October 2024 |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Who is Shantanu Naidu: The founder of Goodfellows |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/lifestyle-who-is-shantanu-naidu-the-founder-of-goodfellows-who-is-ratan-tatas-30-year-old-friend-and-his-manager-know-more-about-his-journey-start-up-and-net-worth-3201600/ |website=Financial Express |date=10 October 2024 |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref> === Tata Motors === In January 2025, Naidu became [[General Manager]] and Head of Strategic Initiatives at [[Tata Motors]].<ref>{{Cite web |title="I would wait for him": Shantanu Naidu announces new role |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/i-would-wait-for-him-shantanu-naidu-ratan-tatas-close-aide-announces-new-start-in-an-emotional-post/articleshow/117914820.cms |website=Economic Times |date=4 February 2025 |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref> == Books == {{source|section}} In 2021, Naidu wrote a memoir called ''I Came Upon a Lighthouse''. It tells about his experiences working with Ratan Tata. == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:1990s births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Indian businesspeople]] [[Category:Indian memoirists]] [[Category:Tata Motors people]] [[Category:Cornell University alumni]] a4lo06mr2g0d87hvl23r7g37ucjmh8o 10369047 10369042 2025-07-03T05:58:42Z S-Aura 1485520 Update 10369047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Shantanu Vyankatesh Naidu | image = <!-- Add image if available --> | caption = Shantanu Naidu in 2024 | birth_date = {{circa|1993}} | birth_place = [[Mumbai]], Maharashtra, India | nationality = Indian | alma_mater = Savitribai Phule Pune University <br>[[Cornell University]] [[MBA]], 2018 | occupation = [[Entrepreneur]], [[author]], [[executive]] | employer = [[Tata Motors]] | title = General Manager | known_for = [[Ratan Tata]] | notable_works = ''I Came Upon a Lighthouse'' | website = [https://www.motopaws.org Motopaws] }} '''Shantanu Naidu''' (born around 1993) is an Indian [[entrepreneur]] and [[executive]]. He works as a General Manager at [[Tata Motors]]. He also worked as the personal assistant to [[Ratan Tata]], the former [[chairman]] of Tata Group.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who is Shantanu Naidu: The founder of Goodfellows |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/lifestyle-who-is-shantanu-naidu-the-founder-of-goodfellows-who-is-ratan-tatas-30-year-old-friend-and-his-manager-know-more-about-his-journey-start-up-and-net-worth-3201600/ |website=Financial Express |date=10 October 2024 |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref><ref name="moneycontrol">{{Cite web |title=How Shantanu Naidu Went from Ratan Tata’s Millennial Aide to Tata Motors Leader |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/videos/india/how-shantanu-naidu-went-from-ratan-tatas-millennial-aide-to-tata-motors-leader-12931724.html |website=Moneycontrol |date=5 February 2025 |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref> == Career == Naidu started as an intern at [[Tata Technologies]] in 2019. After he worked as a [[design engineer]] at [[Tata Elxsi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shantanu Naidu |url=https://starsunfolded.com/shantanu-naidu/ |website=StarsUnfolded |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref> === Goodfellows === Naidu started a group called [[Goodfellows]] in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Goodfellows - Company founded by Shantanu Naidu |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/lifestyle-who-is-shantanu-naidu-the-founder-of-goodfellows-who-is-ratan-tatas-30-year-old-friend-and-his-manager-know-more-about-his-journey-start-up-and-net-worth-3201600/ |website=Financial Express |date=10 October 2024 |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Who is Shantanu Naidu: The founder of Goodfellows |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/lifestyle-who-is-shantanu-naidu-the-founder-of-goodfellows-who-is-ratan-tatas-30-year-old-friend-and-his-manager-know-more-about-his-journey-start-up-and-net-worth-3201600/ |website=Financial Express |date=10 October 2024 |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref> === Tata Motors === In January 2025, Naidu became [[General Manager]] and Head of Strategic Initiatives at [[Tata Motors]].<ref>{{Cite web |title="I would wait for him": Shantanu Naidu announces new role |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/i-would-wait-for-him-shantanu-naidu-ratan-tatas-close-aide-announces-new-start-in-an-emotional-post/articleshow/117914820.cms |website=Economic Times |date=4 February 2025 |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref> == Books == {{source|section}} In 2021, Naidu wrote a memoir called ''I Came Upon a Lighthouse''. It tells about his experiences working with Ratan Tata. == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:1990s births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Indian businesspeople]] [[Category:Indian memoirists]] [[Category:Tata Motors people]] [[Category:Cornell University alumni]] 3gk6z6j0istv114mww1vogp719ar137 10369049 10369047 2025-07-03T06:01:47Z S-Aura 1485520 /* Books */Fix 10369049 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Shantanu Vyankatesh Naidu | image = <!-- Add image if available --> | caption = Shantanu Naidu in 2024 | birth_date = {{circa|1993}} | birth_place = [[Mumbai]], Maharashtra, India | nationality = Indian | alma_mater = Savitribai Phule Pune University <br>[[Cornell University]] [[MBA]], 2018 | occupation = [[Entrepreneur]], [[author]], [[executive]] | employer = [[Tata Motors]] | title = General Manager | known_for = [[Ratan Tata]] | notable_works = ''I Came Upon a Lighthouse'' | website = [https://www.motopaws.org Motopaws] }} '''Shantanu Naidu''' (born around 1993) is an Indian [[entrepreneur]] and [[executive]]. He works as a General Manager at [[Tata Motors]]. He also worked as the personal assistant to [[Ratan Tata]], the former [[chairman]] of Tata Group.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who is Shantanu Naidu: The founder of Goodfellows |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/lifestyle-who-is-shantanu-naidu-the-founder-of-goodfellows-who-is-ratan-tatas-30-year-old-friend-and-his-manager-know-more-about-his-journey-start-up-and-net-worth-3201600/ |website=Financial Express |date=10 October 2024 |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref><ref name="moneycontrol">{{Cite web |title=How Shantanu Naidu Went from Ratan Tata’s Millennial Aide to Tata Motors Leader |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/videos/india/how-shantanu-naidu-went-from-ratan-tatas-millennial-aide-to-tata-motors-leader-12931724.html |website=Moneycontrol |date=5 February 2025 |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref> == Career == Naidu started as an intern at [[Tata Technologies]] in 2019. After he worked as a [[design engineer]] at [[Tata Elxsi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shantanu Naidu |url=https://starsunfolded.com/shantanu-naidu/ |website=StarsUnfolded |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref> === Goodfellows === Naidu started a group called [[Goodfellows]] in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Goodfellows - Company founded by Shantanu Naidu |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/lifestyle-who-is-shantanu-naidu-the-founder-of-goodfellows-who-is-ratan-tatas-30-year-old-friend-and-his-manager-know-more-about-his-journey-start-up-and-net-worth-3201600/ |website=Financial Express |date=10 October 2024 |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Who is Shantanu Naidu: The founder of Goodfellows |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/lifestyle-who-is-shantanu-naidu-the-founder-of-goodfellows-who-is-ratan-tatas-30-year-old-friend-and-his-manager-know-more-about-his-journey-start-up-and-net-worth-3201600/ |website=Financial Express |date=10 October 2024 |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref> === Tata Motors === In January 2025, Naidu became [[General Manager]] and Head of Strategic Initiatives at [[Tata Motors]].<ref>{{Cite web |title="I would wait for him": Shantanu Naidu announces new role |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/i-would-wait-for-him-shantanu-naidu-ratan-tatas-close-aide-announces-new-start-in-an-emotional-post/articleshow/117914820.cms |website=Economic Times |date=4 February 2025 |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref> == Books == In 2021, Naidu wrote a memoir called ''I Came Upon a Lighthouse''. It tells about his experiences working with Ratan Tata.<ref>{{Cite web |last=De |first=Shobhaa |title=The tycoon who inspired a book |url=https://www.theweek.in/columns/Shobhaa-De/2020/12/31/the-tycoon-who-inspired-a-book.html |website=The Week |date=31 December 2020 |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:1990s births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Indian businesspeople]] [[Category:Indian memoirists]] [[Category:Tata Motors people]] [[Category:Cornell University alumni]] fxumy57m0idx2433wu94eswgzsrsvlr 2 1201676 10369044 2025-07-03T05:55:57Z Huudk Jaska 1636048 Created blank page 10369044 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 1201677 10369053 2025-07-03T06:11:24Z 91.151.136.171 Created page with "{{Infobox militant organization | name = Islamic State – Georgian Province | native_name = [[Arabic]]: الدولة الإسلامية – ولاية جورجيا <br />[[Azerbaijani language|Georgia]]:ისლამური სახელმწიფო - ჯორჯიანული პროვინცია | image = | image_size = | active = July 2024–Present | country = [[Georgia]] | leaders..." 10369053 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox militant organization | name = Islamic State – Georgian Province | native_name = [[Arabic]]: الدولة الإسلامية – ولاية جورجيا <br />[[Azerbaijani language|Georgia]]:ისლამური სახელმწიფო - ჯორჯიანული პროვინცია | image = | image_size = | active = July 2024–Present | country = [[Georgia]] | leaders = [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]]{{KIA}} [[Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi]]{{KIA}} [[Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi]](2023–present) | allegiance = {{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Islamic State]] | ideology = [[Islamic Statism]] | opponents = {{AZE}}<br />{{TUR}}<br />{{ARM}}<br />{{RUS}}<br />{{IRI}}<br />{{USA}}<br /> [[Al-Qaeda]]<br />{{GEO}}<br />{{ISR}} }} '''Islamic State – Georgian Province''' ('''IS-AP''', {{Langx|ar|الدولة الإسلامية – ولاية جورجيا |}} is a branch of the [[Islamic State]] that emerged in 2024, based in Georgia. In September 2024, ISAP claimed its first attack, targeting [[Georgia]] security forces. == History == The group was established in July 2024 after multiples members gave [[bay'ah]] to [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]], in a video released by the official [[Islamic State]] media that announced its establishment.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://civil.ge/ru/archives/219896 |title=Будут ли возвращаться бойцы ИГИЛ в Грузию? |publisher=civil.ge|date=2023-04-10|accessdate=2022-04-21}}</ref>The video was released by the [[Islamic State]] – Turkey Province. Before July 2024, the Georgia Province was not official and consisted of unorganized cells.[2] Supporters of the Islamic State in Georgia were also supported by Boko Haram during its time in 2014 after it pledged allegiance to the Islamic State with the leader [[Abubakar Shekau]] calling them "brethren".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.interfax.ru/world/875928 |title=В Тбилиси задержан гражданин Грузии, возглавлявший один из отрядов ИГИЛ |publisher=interfax.ru|date=2022-04-10|accessdate=2019-04-21}}</ref>The organization was originally associated with both the Islamic State – Caucasus Province and Islamic State – Khorasan Province where members and supporters from Georgia were recruited to there. Georgia Province is considered one of the main 14 distant provinces outside of the original [[Islamic State]] territorial areas of Iraq and [[Syria]]. On September 15, 2024, An Islamic State Militant was killed in Georgia. On September 25, 2024, the Islamic State announced its inaugural attack in Georgia through its weekly publication, Al-Naba. In the announcement, the group asserted that it had killed seven Georgia security personnel and injured one during a confrontation that took place five days earlier in the Qusar district, located in northern [[Georgia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://jnews.ge/78765/ |title=В Панкиси задержаны 5 членов террористической организации ИГИЛ |publisher=jnews.ge|date=2018-04-10|accessdate=2019-04-21}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:2024 establishments in Georgia]] [[Category:Islamic terrorism in Georgia]] [[Category:Salafi groups]] [[Category:Salafi Jihadist groups]] [[Category:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] [[Category:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant activities]] [[Category:Factions of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] azkjxhcbcg9jlyf9gllrkesuhuk5wgn 10369054 10369053 2025-07-03T06:15:05Z 91.151.136.171 /* History */ 10369054 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox militant organization | name = Islamic State – Georgian Province | native_name = [[Arabic]]: الدولة الإسلامية – ولاية جورجيا <br />[[Azerbaijani language|Georgia]]:ისლამური სახელმწიფო - ჯორჯიანული პროვინცია | image = | image_size = | active = July 2024–Present | country = [[Georgia]] | leaders = [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]]{{KIA}} [[Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi]]{{KIA}} [[Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi]](2023–present) | allegiance = {{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Islamic State]] | ideology = [[Islamic Statism]] | opponents = {{AZE}}<br />{{TUR}}<br />{{ARM}}<br />{{RUS}}<br />{{IRI}}<br />{{USA}}<br /> [[Al-Qaeda]]<br />{{GEO}}<br />{{ISR}} }} '''Islamic State – Georgian Province''' ('''IS-AP''', {{Langx|ar|الدولة الإسلامية – ولاية جورجيا |}} is a branch of the [[Islamic State]] that emerged in 2024, based in Georgia. In September 2024, ISAP claimed its first attack, targeting [[Georgia]] security forces. == History == The group was established in July 2024 after multiples members gave [[bay'ah]] to [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]], in a video released by the official [[Islamic State]] media that announced its establishment.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://civil.ge/ru/archives/219896 |title=Будут ли возвращаться бойцы ИГИЛ в Грузию? |publisher=civil.ge|date=2023-04-10|accessdate=2022-04-21}}</ref>The video was released by the [[Islamic State]] – Turkey Province. Before July 2024, the Georgia Province was not official and consisted of unorganized cells.[2] Supporters of the Islamic State in Georgia were also supported by Boko Haram during its time in 2014 after it pledged allegiance to the Islamic State with the leader [[Abubakar Shekau]] calling them "brethren".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.interfax.ru/world/875928 |title=В Тбилиси задержан гражданин Грузии, возглавлявший один из отрядов ИГИЛ |publisher=interfax.ru|date=2022-04-10|accessdate=2019-04-21}}</ref>The organization was originally associated with both the Islamic State – Caucasus Province and Islamic State – Khorasan Province where members and supporters from Georgia were recruited to there. Georgia Province is considered one of the main 14 distant provinces outside of the original [[Islamic State]] territorial areas of Iraq and [[Syria]]. On September 15, 2024, An Islamic State Militant was killed in Georgia. On September 25, 2024, the Islamic State announced its inaugural attack in Georgia through its weekly publication, Al-Naba. In the announcement, the group asserted that it had killed one Georgia security personnel and injured one during a confrontation that took place five days earlier in the Qusar district, located in northern [[Georgia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://jnews.ge/78765/ |title=В Панкиси задержаны 5 членов террористической организации ИГИЛ |publisher=jnews.ge|date=2018-04-10|accessdate=2019-04-21}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:2024 establishments in Georgia]] [[Category:Islamic terrorism in Georgia]] [[Category:Salafi groups]] [[Category:Salafi Jihadist groups]] [[Category:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] [[Category:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant activities]] [[Category:Factions of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] 98gbvhsxs6kbz2b5yitm9q5i130fec0 10369060 10369054 2025-07-03T06:31:51Z 91.151.136.171 /* History */ 10369060 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox militant organization | name = Islamic State – Georgian Province | native_name = [[Arabic]]: الدولة الإسلامية – ولاية جورجيا <br />[[Azerbaijani language|Georgia]]:ისლამური სახელმწიფო - ჯორჯიანული პროვინცია | image = | image_size = | active = July 2024–Present | country = [[Georgia]] | leaders = [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]]{{KIA}} [[Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi]]{{KIA}} [[Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi]](2023–present) | allegiance = {{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Islamic State]] | ideology = [[Islamic Statism]] | opponents = {{AZE}}<br />{{TUR}}<br />{{ARM}}<br />{{RUS}}<br />{{IRI}}<br />{{USA}}<br /> [[Al-Qaeda]]<br />{{GEO}}<br />{{ISR}} }} '''Islamic State – Georgian Province''' ('''IS-AP''', {{Langx|ar|الدولة الإسلامية – ولاية جورجيا |}} is a branch of the [[Islamic State]] that emerged in 2024, based in Georgia. In September 2024, ISAP claimed its first attack, targeting [[Georgia]] security forces. == History == The group was established in July 2024 after multiples members gave [[bay'ah]] to [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]], in a video released by the official [[Islamic State]] media that announced its establishment.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://civil.ge/ru/archives/219896 |title=Будут ли возвращаться бойцы ИГИЛ в Грузию? |publisher=civil.ge|date=2023-04-10|accessdate=2022-04-21}}</ref>The video was released by the [[Islamic State]] – Turkey Province. Before July 2024, the Georgia Province was not official and consisted of unorganized cells.[2] Supporters of the Islamic State in Georgia were also supported by Boko Haram during its time in 2014 after it pledged allegiance to the Islamic State with the leader [[Abubakar Shekau]] calling them "brethren".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.interfax.ru/world/875928 |title=В Тбилиси задержан гражданин Грузии, возглавлявший один из отрядов ИГИЛ |publisher=interfax.ru|date=2022-04-10|accessdate=2019-04-21}}</ref>The organization was originally associated with both the Islamic State – Caucasus Province and Islamic State – Khorasan Province where members and supporters from Georgia were recruited to there. Georgia Province is considered one of the main 14 distant provinces outside of the original [[Islamic State]] territorial areas of Iraq and [[Syria]]. On September 15, 2017, An Islamic State Militant was killed in Georgia. On September 25, 2017, the Islamic State announced its inaugural attack in Georgia through its weekly publication, Al-Naba. In the announcement, the group asserted that it had killed one Georgia security personnel and injured one during a confrontation that took place five days earlier in the The special operation took place on November 21-22 in one of the districts of [[Tbilisi]]. The armed men were in a multi-story residential building. [[Georgia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://jnews.ge/78765/ |title=В Панкиси задержаны 5 членов террористической организации ИГИЛ |publisher=jnews.ge|date=2018-04-10|accessdate=2019-04-21}}</ref> Georgia's State Security Service confirmed on Friday that one of those killed during a special operation in a residential area of [[​​Tbilisi]] in late November was a member of the banned [[Islamic State]] extremist group, Akhmed Chatayev. "As a result of investigative actions and examinations carried out with the assistance of American colleagues, including DNA and fingerprint analysis, that is, a fingerprint examination, it was established that one of the liquidated persons was Akhmed Chatayev," said Deputy Head of the State Security Service Administration Nino Giorgobiani. The special operation took place on November 21-22 in one of the districts of Tbilisi. The armed men were in a multi-story residential building. According to the State Security Service, Chatayev, who was in the apartment, blew himself up, and two other members of the criminal group were eliminated as a result of a 20-hour special operation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-42204032 |title=СГБ Грузии: Ахмед Чатаев взорвал себя в Тбилиси |publisher=bbc.com|date=2017-04-10|accessdate=2017-04-21}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:2024 establishments in Georgia]] [[Category:Islamic terrorism in Georgia]] [[Category:Salafi groups]] [[Category:Salafi Jihadist groups]] [[Category:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] [[Category:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant activities]] [[Category:Factions of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] 99rewm3zle4t7yiv97xpwz61n7r53lt 10369063 10369060 2025-07-03T06:37:12Z 91.151.136.171 /* History */ 10369063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox militant organization | name = Islamic State – Georgian Province | native_name = [[Arabic]]: الدولة الإسلامية – ولاية جورجيا <br />[[Azerbaijani language|Georgia]]:ისლამური სახელმწიფო - ჯორჯიანული პროვინცია | image = | image_size = | active = July 2024–Present | country = [[Georgia]] | leaders = [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]]{{KIA}} [[Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi]]{{KIA}} [[Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi]](2023–present) | allegiance = {{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Islamic State]] | ideology = [[Islamic Statism]] | opponents = {{AZE}}<br />{{TUR}}<br />{{ARM}}<br />{{RUS}}<br />{{IRI}}<br />{{USA}}<br /> [[Al-Qaeda]]<br />{{GEO}}<br />{{ISR}} }} '''Islamic State – Georgian Province''' ('''IS-AP''', {{Langx|ar|الدولة الإسلامية – ولاية جورجيا |}} is a branch of the [[Islamic State]] that emerged in 2024, based in Georgia. In September 2024, ISAP claimed its first attack, targeting [[Georgia]] security forces. == History == The group was established in July 2024 after multiples members gave [[bay'ah]] to [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]], in a video released by the official [[Islamic State]] media that announced its establishment.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://civil.ge/ru/archives/219896 |title=Будут ли возвращаться бойцы ИГИЛ в Грузию? |publisher=civil.ge|date=2023-04-10|accessdate=2022-04-21}}</ref>The video was released by the [[Islamic State]] – Turkey Province. Before July 2024, the Georgia Province was not official and consisted of unorganized cells.[2] Supporters of the Islamic State in Georgia were also supported by Boko Haram during its time in 2014 after it pledged allegiance to the Islamic State with the leader [[Abubakar Shekau]] calling them "brethren".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.interfax.ru/world/875928 |title=В Тбилиси задержан гражданин Грузии, возглавлявший один из отрядов ИГИЛ |publisher=interfax.ru|date=2022-04-10|accessdate=2019-04-21}}</ref>The organization was originally associated with both the Islamic State – Caucasus Province and Islamic State – Khorasan Province where members and supporters from Georgia were recruited to there. Georgia Province is considered one of the main 14 distant provinces outside of the original [[Islamic State]] territorial areas of Iraq and [[Syria]]. On November 21, 2017, An Islamic State Militant was killed in Georgia. On November 22, 2017, the [[Islamic State]] announced its inaugural attack in Georgia through its weekly publication, Al-Naba. In the announcement, the group asserted that it had killed one Georgia security personnel and injured one during a confrontation that took place five days earlier in the The special operation took place on November 21-22 in one of the districts of [[Tbilisi]]. The armed men were in a multi-story residential building. [[Georgia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://jnews.ge/78765/ |title=В Панкиси задержаны 5 членов террористической организации ИГИЛ |publisher=jnews.ge|date=2018-04-10|accessdate=2019-04-21}}</ref> Georgia's State Security Service confirmed on Friday that one of those killed during a special operation in a residential area of [[​​Tbilisi]] in late November was a member of the banned [[Islamic State]] extremist group, Akhmed Chatayev. "As a result of investigative actions and examinations carried out with the assistance of American colleagues, including DNA and fingerprint analysis, that is, a fingerprint examination, it was established that one of the liquidated persons was Akhmed Chatayev," said Deputy Head of the State Security Service Administration Nino Giorgobiani. The special operation took place on November 21-22 in one of the districts of Tbilisi. The armed men were in a multi-story residential building. According to the State Security Service, Chatayev, who was in the apartment, blew himself up, and two other members of the criminal group were eliminated as a result of a 20-hour special operation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-42204032 |title=СГБ Грузии: Ахмед Чатаев взорвал себя в Тбилиси |publisher=bbc.com|date=2017-04-10|accessdate=2017-04-21}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:2024 establishments in Georgia]] [[Category:Islamic terrorism in Georgia]] [[Category:Salafi groups]] [[Category:Salafi Jihadist groups]] [[Category:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] [[Category:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant activities]] [[Category:Factions of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] 5fo8eixtna4cp1qavxi2jqhjkgx55mm 10369068 10369063 2025-07-03T06:49:08Z 91.151.136.171 10369068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox militant organization | name = Islamic State – Georgian Province | native_name = [[Arabic]]: الدولة الإسلامية – ولاية جورجيا <br />[[Azerbaijani language|Georgia]]:ისლამური სახელმწიფო - ჯორჯიანული პროვინცია | image = | image_size = | active = July 2024–Present | country = [[Georgia]] | leaders = [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]]{{KIA}} [[Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi]]{{KIA}} [[Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi]](2023–present) | allegiance = {{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Islamic State]] | ideology = [[Islamic Statism]] | designated_as_terror_group_by = [[#Designation as a terrorist organization|See below]] | opponents = {{AZE}}<br />{{TUR}}<br />{{ARM}}<br />{{RUS}}<br />{{IRI}}<br />{{USA}}<br /> [[Al-Qaeda]]<br />{{GEO}}<br />{{ISR}} }} '''Islamic State – Georgian Province''' ('''IS-AP''', {{Langx|ar|الدولة الإسلامية – ولاية جورجيا |}} is a branch of the [[Islamic State]] that emerged in 2024, based in Georgia. In September 2024, ISAP claimed its first attack, targeting [[Georgia]] security forces. == History == The group was established in July 2024 after multiples members gave [[bay'ah]] to [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]], in a video released by the official [[Islamic State]] media that announced its establishment.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://civil.ge/ru/archives/219896 |title=Будут ли возвращаться бойцы ИГИЛ в Грузию? |publisher=civil.ge|date=2023-04-10|accessdate=2022-04-21}}</ref>The video was released by the [[Islamic State]] – Turkey Province. Before July 2024, the Georgia Province was not official and consisted of unorganized cells.[2] Supporters of the Islamic State in Georgia were also supported by Boko Haram during its time in 2014 after it pledged allegiance to the Islamic State with the leader [[Abubakar Shekau]] calling them "brethren".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.interfax.ru/world/875928 |title=В Тбилиси задержан гражданин Грузии, возглавлявший один из отрядов ИГИЛ |publisher=interfax.ru|date=2022-04-10|accessdate=2019-04-21}}</ref>The organization was originally associated with both the Islamic State – Caucasus Province and Islamic State – Khorasan Province where members and supporters from Georgia were recruited to there. Georgia Province is considered one of the main 14 distant provinces outside of the original [[Islamic State]] territorial areas of Iraq and [[Syria]]. On November 21, 2017, An Islamic State Militant was killed in Georgia. On November 22, 2017, the [[Islamic State]] announced its inaugural attack in Georgia through its weekly publication, Al-Naba. In the announcement, the group asserted that it had killed one Georgia security personnel and injured one during a confrontation that took place five days earlier in the The special operation took place on November 21-22 in one of the districts of [[Tbilisi]]. The armed men were in a multi-story residential building. [[Georgia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://jnews.ge/78765/ |title=В Панкиси задержаны 5 членов террористической организации ИГИЛ |publisher=jnews.ge|date=2018-04-10|accessdate=2019-04-21}}</ref> Georgia's State Security Service confirmed on Friday that one of those killed during a special operation in a residential area of [[​​Tbilisi]] in late November was a member of the banned [[Islamic State]] extremist group, Akhmed Chatayev. "As a result of investigative actions and examinations carried out with the assistance of American colleagues, including DNA and fingerprint analysis, that is, a fingerprint examination, it was established that one of the liquidated persons was Akhmed Chatayev," said Deputy Head of the State Security Service Administration Nino Giorgobiani. The special operation took place on November 21-22 in one of the districts of Tbilisi. The armed men were in a multi-story residential building. According to the State Security Service, Chatayev, who was in the apartment, blew himself up, and two other members of the criminal group were eliminated as a result of a 20-hour special operation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-42204032 |title=СГБ Грузии: Ахмед Чатаев взорвал себя в Тбилиси |publisher=bbc.com|date=2017-04-10|accessdate=2017-04-21}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:2024 establishments in Georgia]] [[Category:Islamic terrorism in Georgia]] [[Category:Salafi groups]] [[Category:Salafi Jihadist groups]] [[Category:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] [[Category:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant activities]] [[Category:Factions of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] ffvk7w1ospjsxqtp0nlsexpd0fvsbe4 10369069 10369068 2025-07-03T06:50:54Z 91.151.136.171 10369069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox militant organization | name = Islamic State – Georgian Province | native_name = [[Arabic]]: الدولة الإسلامية – ولاية جورجيا <br />[[Azerbaijani language|Georgia]]:ისლამური სახელმწიფო - ჯორჯიანული პროვინცია | image = | image_size = | active = July 2024–Present | country = [[Georgia]] | leaders = [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]]{{KIA}} [[Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi]]{{KIA}} [[Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi]](2023–present) | allegiance = {{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Islamic State]] | ideology = [[Islamic Statism]] | designated_as_terror_group_by = [[#Designation as a terrorist organization|See below]] | opponents = {{AZE}}<br />{{TUR}}<br />{{ARM}}<br />{{RUS}}<br />{{IRI}}<br />{{USA}}<br /> [[Al-Qaeda]]<br />{{GEO}}<br />{{ISR}} }} '''Islamic State – Georgian Province''' ('''IS-AP''', {{Langx|ar|الدولة الإسلامية – ولاية جورجيا |}} is a branch of the [[Islamic State]] that emerged in 2024, based in Georgia. In September 2024, ISAP claimed its first attack, targeting [[Georgia]] security forces. ==Analysis== === Designation as a terrorist organization === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- !Country !Date !References |- |align=left| {{USA}} |23 May 2018 |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.state.gov/foreign-terrorist-organizations/ |title=Foreign Terrorist Organizations |access-date=1 October 2021 |archive-date=27 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227062101/https://www.state.gov/foreign-terrorist-organizations/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- |align=left| {{UN}} |23 February 2020 == History == The group was established in July 2024 after multiples members gave [[bay'ah]] to [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]], in a video released by the official [[Islamic State]] media that announced its establishment.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://civil.ge/ru/archives/219896 |title=Будут ли возвращаться бойцы ИГИЛ в Грузию? |publisher=civil.ge|date=2023-04-10|accessdate=2022-04-21}}</ref>The video was released by the [[Islamic State]] – Turkey Province. Before July 2024, the Georgia Province was not official and consisted of unorganized cells.[2] Supporters of the Islamic State in Georgia were also supported by Boko Haram during its time in 2014 after it pledged allegiance to the Islamic State with the leader [[Abubakar Shekau]] calling them "brethren".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.interfax.ru/world/875928 |title=В Тбилиси задержан гражданин Грузии, возглавлявший один из отрядов ИГИЛ |publisher=interfax.ru|date=2022-04-10|accessdate=2019-04-21}}</ref>The organization was originally associated with both the Islamic State – Caucasus Province and Islamic State – Khorasan Province where members and supporters from Georgia were recruited to there. Georgia Province is considered one of the main 14 distant provinces outside of the original [[Islamic State]] territorial areas of Iraq and [[Syria]]. On November 21, 2017, An Islamic State Militant was killed in Georgia. On November 22, 2017, the [[Islamic State]] announced its inaugural attack in Georgia through its weekly publication, Al-Naba. In the announcement, the group asserted that it had killed one Georgia security personnel and injured one during a confrontation that took place five days earlier in the The special operation took place on November 21-22 in one of the districts of [[Tbilisi]]. The armed men were in a multi-story residential building. [[Georgia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://jnews.ge/78765/ |title=В Панкиси задержаны 5 членов террористической организации ИГИЛ |publisher=jnews.ge|date=2018-04-10|accessdate=2019-04-21}}</ref> Georgia's State Security Service confirmed on Friday that one of those killed during a special operation in a residential area of [[​​Tbilisi]] in late November was a member of the banned [[Islamic State]] extremist group, Akhmed Chatayev. "As a result of investigative actions and examinations carried out with the assistance of American colleagues, including DNA and fingerprint analysis, that is, a fingerprint examination, it was established that one of the liquidated persons was Akhmed Chatayev," said Deputy Head of the State Security Service Administration Nino Giorgobiani. The special operation took place on November 21-22 in one of the districts of Tbilisi. The armed men were in a multi-story residential building. According to the State Security Service, Chatayev, who was in the apartment, blew himself up, and two other members of the criminal group were eliminated as a result of a 20-hour special operation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-42204032 |title=СГБ Грузии: Ахмед Чатаев взорвал себя в Тбилиси |publisher=bbc.com|date=2017-04-10|accessdate=2017-04-21}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:2024 establishments in Georgia]] [[Category:Islamic terrorism in Georgia]] [[Category:Salafi groups]] [[Category:Salafi Jihadist groups]] [[Category:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] [[Category:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant activities]] [[Category:Factions of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] teruy2cqiuvadaor8stnu0vwjqhblik 10369070 10369069 2025-07-03T06:51:33Z 91.151.136.171 10369070 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox militant organization | name = Islamic State – Georgian Province | native_name = [[Arabic]]: الدولة الإسلامية – ولاية جورجيا <br />[[Azerbaijani language|Georgia]]:ისლამური სახელმწიფო - ჯორჯიანული პროვინცია | image = | image_size = | active = July 2024–Present | country = [[Georgia]] | leaders = [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]]{{KIA}} [[Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi]]{{KIA}} [[Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi]](2023–present) | allegiance = {{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Islamic State]] | ideology = [[Islamic Statism]] | designated_as_terror_group_by = [[#Designation as a terrorist organization|See below]] | opponents = {{AZE}}<br />{{TUR}}<br />{{ARM}}<br />{{RUS}}<br />{{IRI}}<br />{{USA}}<br /> [[Al-Qaeda]]<br />{{GEO}}<br />{{ISR}} }} '''Islamic State – Georgian Province''' ('''IS-AP''', {{Langx|ar|الدولة الإسلامية – ولاية جورجيا |}} is a branch of the [[Islamic State]] that emerged in 2024, based in Georgia. In September 2024, ISAP claimed its first attack, targeting [[Georgia]] security forces. == History == The group was established in July 2024 after multiples members gave [[bay'ah]] to [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]], in a video released by the official [[Islamic State]] media that announced its establishment.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://civil.ge/ru/archives/219896 |title=Будут ли возвращаться бойцы ИГИЛ в Грузию? |publisher=civil.ge|date=2023-04-10|accessdate=2022-04-21}}</ref>The video was released by the [[Islamic State]] – Turkey Province. Before July 2024, the Georgia Province was not official and consisted of unorganized cells.[2] Supporters of the Islamic State in Georgia were also supported by Boko Haram during its time in 2014 after it pledged allegiance to the Islamic State with the leader [[Abubakar Shekau]] calling them "brethren".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.interfax.ru/world/875928 |title=В Тбилиси задержан гражданин Грузии, возглавлявший один из отрядов ИГИЛ |publisher=interfax.ru|date=2022-04-10|accessdate=2019-04-21}}</ref>The organization was originally associated with both the Islamic State – Caucasus Province and Islamic State – Khorasan Province where members and supporters from Georgia were recruited to there. Georgia Province is considered one of the main 14 distant provinces outside of the original [[Islamic State]] territorial areas of Iraq and [[Syria]]. On November 21, 2017, An Islamic State Militant was killed in Georgia. On November 22, 2017, the [[Islamic State]] announced its inaugural attack in Georgia through its weekly publication, Al-Naba. In the announcement, the group asserted that it had killed one Georgia security personnel and injured one during a confrontation that took place five days earlier in the The special operation took place on November 21-22 in one of the districts of [[Tbilisi]]. The armed men were in a multi-story residential building. [[Georgia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://jnews.ge/78765/ |title=В Панкиси задержаны 5 членов террористической организации ИГИЛ |publisher=jnews.ge|date=2018-04-10|accessdate=2019-04-21}}</ref> Georgia's State Security Service confirmed on Friday that one of those killed during a special operation in a residential area of [[​​Tbilisi]] in late November was a member of the banned [[Islamic State]] extremist group, Akhmed Chatayev. "As a result of investigative actions and examinations carried out with the assistance of American colleagues, including DNA and fingerprint analysis, that is, a fingerprint examination, it was established that one of the liquidated persons was Akhmed Chatayev," said Deputy Head of the State Security Service Administration Nino Giorgobiani. The special operation took place on November 21-22 in one of the districts of Tbilisi. The armed men were in a multi-story residential building. According to the State Security Service, Chatayev, who was in the apartment, blew himself up, and two other members of the criminal group were eliminated as a result of a 20-hour special operation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-42204032 |title=СГБ Грузии: Ахмед Чатаев взорвал себя в Тбилиси |publisher=bbc.com|date=2017-04-10|accessdate=2017-04-21}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:2024 establishments in Georgia]] [[Category:Islamic terrorism in Georgia]] [[Category:Salafi groups]] [[Category:Salafi Jihadist groups]] [[Category:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] [[Category:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant activities]] [[Category:Factions of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] 032xx3e8d768xm7vzidgosuzb38135z 10369078 10369070 2025-07-03T07:03:55Z 91.151.136.171 10369078 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox militant organization | name = Islamic State – Georgian Province | native_name = [[Arabic]]: الدولة الإسلامية – ولاية جورجيا <br />[[Azerbaijani language|Georgia]]:ისლამური სახელმწიფო - ჯორჯიანული პროვინცია | image = | image_size = | active = July 2024–Present | country = {{GEO}} | leaders = [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]]{{KIA}} [[Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi]]{{KIA}} [[Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi]](2023–present) | allegiance = {{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Islamic State]] | ideology = [[Islamic Statism]] | designated_as_terror_group_by = [[#Designation as a terrorist organization|See below]] | opponents = {{AZE}}<br />{{TUR}}<br />{{ARM}}<br />{{RUS}}<br />{{IRI}}<br />{{USA}}<br /> [[Al-Qaeda]]<br />{{GEO}}<br />{{ISR}} }} '''Islamic State – Georgian Province''' ('''IS-AP''', {{Langx|ar|الدولة الإسلامية – ولاية جورجيا |}} is a branch of the [[Islamic State]] that emerged in 2024, based in Georgia. In September 2024, ISAP claimed its first attack, targeting [[Georgia]] security forces. == History == The group was established in July 2024 after multiples members gave [[bay'ah]] to [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]], in a video released by the official [[Islamic State]] media that announced its establishment.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://civil.ge/ru/archives/219896 |title=Будут ли возвращаться бойцы ИГИЛ в Грузию? |publisher=civil.ge|date=2023-04-10|accessdate=2022-04-21}}</ref>The video was released by the [[Islamic State]] – Turkey Province. Before July 2024, the Georgia Province was not official and consisted of unorganized cells.[2] Supporters of the Islamic State in Georgia were also supported by Boko Haram during its time in 2014 after it pledged allegiance to the Islamic State with the leader [[Abubakar Shekau]] calling them "brethren".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.interfax.ru/world/875928 |title=В Тбилиси задержан гражданин Грузии, возглавлявший один из отрядов ИГИЛ |publisher=interfax.ru|date=2022-04-10|accessdate=2019-04-21}}</ref>The organization was originally associated with both the Islamic State – Caucasus Province and Islamic State – Khorasan Province where members and supporters from Georgia were recruited to there. Georgia Province is considered one of the main 14 distant provinces outside of the original [[Islamic State]] territorial areas of Iraq and [[Syria]]. On November 21, 2017, An Islamic State Militant was killed in Georgia. On November 22, 2017, the [[Islamic State]] announced its inaugural attack in Georgia through its weekly publication, Al-Naba. In the announcement, the group asserted that it had killed one Georgia security personnel and injured one during a confrontation that took place five days earlier in the The special operation took place on November 21-22 in one of the districts of [[Tbilisi]]. The armed men were in a multi-story residential building. [[Georgia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://jnews.ge/78765/ |title=В Панкиси задержаны 5 членов террористической организации ИГИЛ |publisher=jnews.ge|date=2018-04-10|accessdate=2019-04-21}}</ref> Georgia's State Security Service confirmed on Friday that one of those killed during a special operation in a residential area of [[​​Tbilisi]] in late November was a member of the banned [[Islamic State]] extremist group, Akhmed Chatayev. "As a result of investigative actions and examinations carried out with the assistance of American colleagues, including DNA and fingerprint analysis, that is, a fingerprint examination, it was established that one of the liquidated persons was Akhmed Chatayev," said Deputy Head of the State Security Service Administration Nino Giorgobiani. The special operation took place on November 21-22 in one of the districts of Tbilisi. The armed men were in a multi-story residential building. According to the State Security Service, Chatayev, who was in the apartment, blew himself up, and two other members of the criminal group were eliminated as a result of a 20-hour special operation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-42204032 |title=СГБ Грузии: Ахмед Чатаев взорвал себя в Тбилиси |publisher=bbc.com|date=2017-04-10|accessdate=2017-04-21}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:2024 establishments in Georgia]] [[Category:Islamic terrorism in Georgia]] [[Category:Salafi groups]] [[Category:Salafi Jihadist groups]] [[Category:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] [[Category:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant activities]] [[Category:Factions of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] eqvuo9cwbufyz03voe821sk17n7kadl 10369081 10369078 2025-07-03T07:06:21Z 91.151.136.171 10369081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox militant organization | name = Islamic State – Georgian Province | native_name = [[Arabic]]: الدولة الإسلامية – ولاية جورجيا <br />[[Azerbaijani language|Georgia]]:ისლამური სახელმწიფო - ჯორჯიანული პროვინცია | image = Islamic State flag.svg | image_size = | active = July 2024–Present | country = {{GEO}} | leaders = [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]]{{KIA}} [[Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi]]{{KIA}} [[Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi]](2023–present) | allegiance = {{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Islamic State]] | ideology = [[Islamic Statism]] | designated_as_terror_group_by = [[#Designation as a terrorist organization|See below]] | opponents = {{AZE}}<br />{{TUR}}<br />{{ARM}}<br />{{RUS}}<br />{{IRI}}<br />{{USA}}<br /> [[Al-Qaeda]]<br />{{GEO}}<br />{{ISR}} }} '''Islamic State – Georgian Province''' ('''IS-AP''', {{Langx|ar|الدولة الإسلامية – ولاية جورجيا |}} is a branch of the [[Islamic State]] that emerged in 2024, based in Georgia. In September 2024, ISAP claimed its first attack, targeting [[Georgia]] security forces. == History == The group was established in July 2024 after multiples members gave [[bay'ah]] to [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]], in a video released by the official [[Islamic State]] media that announced its establishment.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://civil.ge/ru/archives/219896 |title=Будут ли возвращаться бойцы ИГИЛ в Грузию? |publisher=civil.ge|date=2023-04-10|accessdate=2022-04-21}}</ref>The video was released by the [[Islamic State]] – Turkey Province. Before July 2024, the Georgia Province was not official and consisted of unorganized cells.[2] Supporters of the Islamic State in Georgia were also supported by Boko Haram during its time in 2014 after it pledged allegiance to the Islamic State with the leader [[Abubakar Shekau]] calling them "brethren".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.interfax.ru/world/875928 |title=В Тбилиси задержан гражданин Грузии, возглавлявший один из отрядов ИГИЛ |publisher=interfax.ru|date=2022-04-10|accessdate=2019-04-21}}</ref>The organization was originally associated with both the Islamic State – Caucasus Province and Islamic State – Khorasan Province where members and supporters from Georgia were recruited to there. Georgia Province is considered one of the main 14 distant provinces outside of the original [[Islamic State]] territorial areas of Iraq and [[Syria]]. On November 21, 2017, An Islamic State Militant was killed in Georgia. On November 22, 2017, the [[Islamic State]] announced its inaugural attack in Georgia through its weekly publication, Al-Naba. In the announcement, the group asserted that it had killed one Georgia security personnel and injured one during a confrontation that took place five days earlier in the The special operation took place on November 21-22 in one of the districts of [[Tbilisi]]. The armed men were in a multi-story residential building. [[Georgia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://jnews.ge/78765/ |title=В Панкиси задержаны 5 членов террористической организации ИГИЛ |publisher=jnews.ge|date=2018-04-10|accessdate=2019-04-21}}</ref> Georgia's State Security Service confirmed on Friday that one of those killed during a special operation in a residential area of [[​​Tbilisi]] in late November was a member of the banned [[Islamic State]] extremist group, Akhmed Chatayev. "As a result of investigative actions and examinations carried out with the assistance of American colleagues, including DNA and fingerprint analysis, that is, a fingerprint examination, it was established that one of the liquidated persons was Akhmed Chatayev," said Deputy Head of the State Security Service Administration Nino Giorgobiani. The special operation took place on November 21-22 in one of the districts of Tbilisi. The armed men were in a multi-story residential building. According to the State Security Service, Chatayev, who was in the apartment, blew himself up, and two other members of the criminal group were eliminated as a result of a 20-hour special operation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-42204032 |title=СГБ Грузии: Ахмед Чатаев взорвал себя в Тбилиси |publisher=bbc.com|date=2017-04-10|accessdate=2017-04-21}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:2024 establishments in Georgia]] [[Category:Islamic terrorism in Georgia]] [[Category:Salafi groups]] [[Category:Salafi Jihadist groups]] [[Category:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] [[Category:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant activities]] [[Category:Factions of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] 5bzyfovw7tub4bdggo1p76eay7fy6fr 10369471 10369081 2025-07-03T11:39:00Z 91.151.137.34 10369471 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox militant organization | name = Islamic State – Georgian Province | native_name = [[Arabic]]: الدولة الإسلامية – ولاية جورجيا <br />[[Azerbaijani language|Georgia]]:ისლამური სახელმწიფო - ჯორჯიანული პროვინცია | image = Islamic State flag.svg | image_size = | active = July 2024–Present | country = {{GEO}} | leaders = [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]]{{KIA}} [[Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi]]{{KIA}} [[Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi]](2023–present) | allegiance = {{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Islamic State]] | ideology = [[Islamic Statism]] | designated_as_terror_group_by = [[#Designation as a terrorist organization|See below]] | opponents = {{AZE}}<br />{{TUR}}<br />{{ARM}}<br />{{RUS}}<br />{{IRI}}<br />{{USA}}<br /> [[Al-Qaeda]]<br />{{GEO}}<br />{{ISR}} }} '''Islamic State – Georgian Province''' ('''IS-AP''', {{Langx|ar|الدولة الإسلامية – ولاية جورجيا |}}) is a branch of the [[Islamic State]] that emerged in 2024, based in Georgia. In April 2017, ISAP claimed its first attack, targeting [[Georgia]] security forces. == History == The group was established in July 2024 after multiples members gave [[bay'ah]] to [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]], in a video released by the official [[Islamic State]] media that announced its establishment.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://civil.ge/ru/archives/219896 |title=Будут ли возвращаться бойцы ИГИЛ в Грузию? |publisher=civil.ge|date=2023-04-10|accessdate=2022-04-21}}</ref>The video was released by the [[Islamic State]] – Turkey Province. Before July 2024, the Georgia Province was not official and consisted of unorganized cells.[2] Supporters of the Islamic State in Georgia were also supported by Boko Haram during its time in 2014 after it pledged allegiance to the Islamic State with the leader [[Abubakar Shekau]] calling them "brethren".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.interfax.ru/world/875928 |title=В Тбилиси задержан гражданин Грузии, возглавлявший один из отрядов ИГИЛ |publisher=interfax.ru|date=2022-04-10|accessdate=2019-04-21}}</ref>The organization was originally associated with both the Islamic State – Caucasus Province and Islamic State – Khorasan Province where members and supporters from Georgia were recruited to there. Georgia Province is considered one of the main 14 distant provinces outside of the original [[Islamic State]] territorial areas of Iraq and [[Syria]]. On November 21, 2017, An Islamic State Militant was killed in Georgia. On November 22, 2017, the [[Islamic State]] announced its inaugural attack in Georgia through its weekly publication, Al-Naba. In the announcement, the group asserted that it had killed one Georgia security personnel and injured one during a confrontation that took place five days earlier in the The special operation took place on November 21-22 in one of the districts of [[Tbilisi]]. The armed men were in a multi-story residential building. [[Georgia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://jnews.ge/78765/ |title=В Панкиси задержаны 5 членов террористической организации ИГИЛ |publisher=jnews.ge|date=2018-04-10|accessdate=2019-04-21}}</ref> Georgia's State Security Service confirmed on Friday that one of those killed during a special operation in a residential area of [[​​Tbilisi]] in late November was a member of the banned [[Islamic State]] extremist group, Akhmed Chatayev. "As a result of investigative actions and examinations carried out with the assistance of American colleagues, including DNA and fingerprint analysis, that is, a fingerprint examination, it was established that one of the liquidated persons was Akhmed Chatayev," said Deputy Head of the State Security Service Administration Nino Giorgobiani. The special operation took place on November 21-22 in one of the districts of Tbilisi. The armed men were in a multi-story residential building. According to the State Security Service, Chatayev, who was in the apartment, blew himself up, and two other members of the criminal group were eliminated as a result of a 20-hour special operation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-42204032 |title=СГБ Грузии: Ахмед Чатаев взорвал себя в Тбилиси |publisher=bbc.com|date=2017-04-10|accessdate=2017-04-21}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:2024 establishments in Georgia]] [[Category:Islamic terrorism in Georgia]] [[Category:Salafi groups]] [[Category:Salafi Jihadist groups]] [[Category:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] [[Category:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant activities]] [[Category:Factions of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] 5ap1bbajytmvm6pn3l82z2mk4en0mm3 828 1201678 10369064 2025-07-03T06:42:08Z Codemini 1621675 start up module for example 10369064 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs function p.main(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) return p._main(args) end function p._main(args) name = args[1] or args.name or '' optional_message = args[2] or args.optional_message or '' return "Hello " .. name .. ", this message is from Lua. " .. optional_message .. '' end return p fat8rtv82bqabeh9f0lb1gdkzwo4hlp 828 1201679 10369065 2025-07-03T06:43:55Z Codemini 1621675 Created page with "{{#invoke:{{subst:BASEPAGENAME}}|_main}}" 10369065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Sandbox/Codemini/example|_main}} 8wtl55k6i0486dp3mlhwsg01ma6f99w 10369067 10369065 2025-07-03T06:47:28Z Codemini 1621675 Fixed 10369067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Sandbox/Codemini/example|main}} sqz290wyswzva4lupqqihym5irvrnvk 829 1201680 10369066 2025-07-03T06:46:23Z Codemini 1621675 Created page with "{{Module:{{subst:PAGENAME}}|Raphael}}" 10369066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Module:Sandbox/Codemini/example/doc|Raphael}} nblqvmwkkt2co1f52ualixhhlu8jh7o 10369074 10369066 2025-07-03T06:55:59Z Codemini 1621675 10369074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Module:Sandbox/Codemini/example/doc|Example}} 10ir7n9aczyp65ex53pcfeurmgzxwl0 828 1201681 10369071 2025-07-03T06:53:15Z Codemini 1621675 start up module for example sandbox 10369071 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local mExample = require('Module:Sandbox/Codemini/example')._main function p.main(args) return mExample({name="Julia", optional_message="This text"}) end return p mzmyhplg931hofzz640nef6lbjf2avf 828 1201682 10369072 2025-07-03T06:54:22Z Codemini 1621675 Created page with "{{#invoke:{{subst:BASEPAGENAME}}|main}}" 10369072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Sandbox/Codemini/example/sandbox|main}} pjnldo783icg0t4b8nvjjo2boi9ll90 14 1201683 10369101 2025-07-03T07:37:31Z Auntof6 22027 Created page with "{{MonthlyCleanupCat}}" 10369101 wikitext text/x-wiki {{MonthlyCleanupCat}} jm8ticjfgrpfbd42vxamh5p3zbj5e2x 14 1201684 10369102 2025-07-03T07:42:27Z Auntof6 22027 Created page with "{{MonthlyCleanupCat}}" 10369102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{MonthlyCleanupCat}} jm8ticjfgrpfbd42vxamh5p3zbj5e2x 14 1201685 10369103 2025-07-03T07:42:52Z Auntof6 22027 Created page with "{{MonthlyCleanupCat}}" 10369103 wikitext text/x-wiki {{MonthlyCleanupCat}} jm8ticjfgrpfbd42vxamh5p3zbj5e2x 14 1201686 10369104 2025-07-03T07:43:07Z Auntof6 22027 Created page with "{{MonthlyCleanupCat}}" 10369104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{MonthlyCleanupCat}} jm8ticjfgrpfbd42vxamh5p3zbj5e2x 14 1201687 10369105 2025-07-03T07:43:58Z Auntof6 22027 Created page with "{{MonthlyCleanupCat}}" 10369105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{MonthlyCleanupCat}} jm8ticjfgrpfbd42vxamh5p3zbj5e2x 14 1201688 10369106 2025-07-03T07:44:11Z Auntof6 22027 Created page with "{{MonthlyCleanupCat}}" 10369106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{MonthlyCleanupCat}} jm8ticjfgrpfbd42vxamh5p3zbj5e2x 14 1201689 10369107 2025-07-03T07:44:22Z Auntof6 22027 Created page with "{{MonthlyCleanupCat}}" 10369107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{MonthlyCleanupCat}} jm8ticjfgrpfbd42vxamh5p3zbj5e2x 10 1201690 10369120 2020-09-27T17:59:58Z en>MusikBot II 0 Protected "[[Template:Is country in Central America]]": [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|High-risk template or module]] ([[User:MusikBot II/TemplateProtector|more info]]) ([Edit=Require template editor access] (indefinite) [Move=Require template editor access] (indefinite)) 10369120 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- # Ugly code here, but it does four pre-processing steps, working out from the parameter {{{1|}}} # 1. Converts parameter to lower case, using {{lc: # 2. Trims whitespace off the ends, using {{Trim}} # 3. removes prefix "the ", if present # 4. replaces multiple successive spaces with a single space # Once that it is done, it compares the parameter with a lowercase list of Central American states # If the state is in Central America, it returns "Central America" # Otherwise returns nothing -->{{#switch: {{#invoke:String|replace<!-- -->|source={{#invoke:String|replace<!-- -->|source={{Trim|{{lc:{{{1|}}}}}}}<!-- -->|pattern=^the +<!-- -->|replace=<!-- -->|count=1<!-- -->|plain=false}}<!-- -->|pattern=%s%s+<!-- -->|replace=<!-- -->|count=1<!-- -->|plain=false<!-- -->}}<!-- -->|belize|belizean<!-- -->|costa rica|costa rican<!-- -->|el salvador|salvadoran<!-- -->|guatemala|guatemalan<!-- -->|honduras|honduran<!-- -->|nicaragua|nicaraguan<!-- -->|panama|panamanian<!-- -->=Central America<!-- -->|#default=<!-- Return empty string for no match -->}}</includeonly><!-- --><noinclude><!-- -->{{Documentation}} </noinclude> oas7h9ku3q62zhqobjh34g96nnzg1x5 10369121 10369120 2025-07-03T07:47:38Z Auntof6 22027 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:Is_country_in_Central_America]] 10369120 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- # Ugly code here, but it does four pre-processing steps, working out from the parameter {{{1|}}} # 1. Converts parameter to lower case, using {{lc: # 2. Trims whitespace off the ends, using {{Trim}} # 3. removes prefix "the ", if present # 4. replaces multiple successive spaces with a single space # Once that it is done, it compares the parameter with a lowercase list of Central American states # If the state is in Central America, it returns "Central America" # Otherwise returns nothing -->{{#switch: {{#invoke:String|replace<!-- -->|source={{#invoke:String|replace<!-- -->|source={{Trim|{{lc:{{{1|}}}}}}}<!-- -->|pattern=^the +<!-- -->|replace=<!-- -->|count=1<!-- -->|plain=false}}<!-- -->|pattern=%s%s+<!-- -->|replace=<!-- -->|count=1<!-- -->|plain=false<!-- -->}}<!-- -->|belize|belizean<!-- -->|costa rica|costa rican<!-- -->|el salvador|salvadoran<!-- -->|guatemala|guatemalan<!-- -->|honduras|honduran<!-- -->|nicaragua|nicaraguan<!-- -->|panama|panamanian<!-- -->=Central America<!-- -->|#default=<!-- Return empty string for no match -->}}</includeonly><!-- --><noinclude><!-- -->{{Documentation}} </noinclude> oas7h9ku3q62zhqobjh34g96nnzg1x5 10 1201691 10369123 2023-12-26T19:52:37Z en>Tom.Reding 0 /* top */{{High-use}} 10369123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> A simple utility template to check whether a country is located in [[Central America]]. It works for the both the noun and adjectival forms, e.g. "Honduras" and "Honduran" Returns "Central America" if true, i.e. for [[Belize]], [[Costa Rica]], [[El Salvador]], [[Guatemala]], [[Honduras]], [[Nicaragua]], and [[Panama]]. Otherwise returns nothing, including for blank or nonsensical values. == Usage == Takes only one parameter: the name of a country or its nationality. Case-insensitive. <code><nowiki>{{Is country in Central America|Foo}}</nowiki></code> ... where "Foo" is the name of a country == Examples == <code><nowiki>{{Is country in Central America|Belize}}</nowiki></code> → {{Is country in Central America|Belize}} <code><nowiki>{{Is country in Central America|honduras}}</nowiki></code> → {{Is country in Central America|honduras}} <code><nowiki>{{Is country in Central America|Nicaraguan}}</nowiki></code> → {{Is country in Central America|Nicaraguan}} <code><nowiki>{{Is country in Central America|Japan}}</nowiki></code> → {{Is country in Central America|Japan}} <code><nowiki>{{Is country in Central America|Canada}}</nowiki></code> → {{Is country in Central America|Canada}} <code><nowiki>{{Is country in Central America|Xanadu}}</nowiki></code> → {{Is country in Central America|Xanadu}} <code><nowiki>{{Is country in Central America|bElIzE}}</nowiki></code> → {{Is country in Central America|bElIzE}} <code><nowiki>{{Is country in Central America|Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet}}</nowiki></code> → {{Is country in Central America|Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet}} <code><nowiki>{{Is country in Central America|}}</nowiki></code> → {{Is country in Central America|}} == See also == * [[Template:Is country an EU member state]] * [[Template:Is country in Central America]] * [[Template:Is country in the Caribbean]] <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Central America templates]] [[Category:Country templates]] }}</includeonly> s9n0t4xrf8ll5u4q0sej81sutj683c7 10369124 10369123 2025-07-03T07:47:50Z Auntof6 22027 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:Is_country_in_Central_America/doc]] 10369123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> A simple utility template to check whether a country is located in [[Central America]]. It works for the both the noun and adjectival forms, e.g. "Honduras" and "Honduran" Returns "Central America" if true, i.e. for [[Belize]], [[Costa Rica]], [[El Salvador]], [[Guatemala]], [[Honduras]], [[Nicaragua]], and [[Panama]]. Otherwise returns nothing, including for blank or nonsensical values. == Usage == Takes only one parameter: the name of a country or its nationality. Case-insensitive. <code><nowiki>{{Is country in Central America|Foo}}</nowiki></code> ... where "Foo" is the name of a country == Examples == <code><nowiki>{{Is country in Central America|Belize}}</nowiki></code> → {{Is country in Central America|Belize}} <code><nowiki>{{Is country in Central America|honduras}}</nowiki></code> → {{Is country in Central America|honduras}} <code><nowiki>{{Is country in Central America|Nicaraguan}}</nowiki></code> → {{Is country in Central America|Nicaraguan}} <code><nowiki>{{Is country in Central America|Japan}}</nowiki></code> → {{Is country in Central America|Japan}} <code><nowiki>{{Is country in Central America|Canada}}</nowiki></code> → {{Is country in Central America|Canada}} <code><nowiki>{{Is country in Central America|Xanadu}}</nowiki></code> → {{Is country in Central America|Xanadu}} <code><nowiki>{{Is country in Central America|bElIzE}}</nowiki></code> → {{Is country in Central America|bElIzE}} <code><nowiki>{{Is country in Central America|Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet}}</nowiki></code> → {{Is country in Central America|Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet}} <code><nowiki>{{Is country in Central America|}}</nowiki></code> → {{Is country in Central America|}} == See also == * [[Template:Is country an EU member state]] * [[Template:Is country in Central America]] * [[Template:Is country in the Caribbean]] <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Central America templates]] [[Category:Country templates]] }}</includeonly> s9n0t4xrf8ll5u4q0sej81sutj683c7 10369128 10369124 2025-07-03T07:48:27Z Auntof6 22027 10369128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> A simple utility template to check whether a country is located in [[Central America]]. It works for the both the noun and adjectival forms, e.g. "Honduras" and "Honduran" Returns "Central America" if true, i.e. for [[Belize]], [[Costa Rica]], [[El Salvador]], [[Guatemala]], [[Honduras]], [[Nicaragua]], and [[Panama]]. Otherwise returns nothing, including for blank or nonsensical values. == Usage == Takes only one parameter: the name of a country or its nationality. Case-insensitive. <code><nowiki>{{Is country in Central America|Foo}}</nowiki></code> ... where "Foo" is the name of a country == Examples == <code><nowiki>{{Is country in Central America|Belize}}</nowiki></code> → {{Is country in Central America|Belize}} <code><nowiki>{{Is country in Central America|honduras}}</nowiki></code> → {{Is country in Central America|honduras}} <code><nowiki>{{Is country in Central America|Nicaraguan}}</nowiki></code> → {{Is country in Central America|Nicaraguan}} <code><nowiki>{{Is country in Central America|Japan}}</nowiki></code> → {{Is country in Central America|Japan}} <code><nowiki>{{Is country in Central America|Canada}}</nowiki></code> → {{Is country in Central America|Canada}} <code><nowiki>{{Is country in Central America|Xanadu}}</nowiki></code> → {{Is country in Central America|Xanadu}} <code><nowiki>{{Is country in Central America|bElIzE}}</nowiki></code> → {{Is country in Central America|bElIzE}} <code><nowiki>{{Is country in Central America|Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet}}</nowiki></code> → {{Is country in Central America|Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet}} <code><nowiki>{{Is country in Central America|}}</nowiki></code> → {{Is country in Central America|}} == Related templates == * [[Template:Is country an EU member state]] * [[Template:Is country in Central America]] * [[Template:Is country in the Caribbean]] <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Central America|τ]] [[Category:Country templates]] }}</includeonly> iiajqok86ucoasser4ju0xknu8gthud 3 1201692 10369134 2025-07-03T07:51:09Z Cactusisme 1477024 Caution: Vandalism. 🌵 [[WP:TW|TW]] 🌵 10369134 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[File:Information.svg|25px]] Please do not make unhelpful changes to Wikipedia. The changes you made seem to be [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]] and have been [[Help:Revert a page|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism2 --> [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] ^{[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">hi</i>]]} ^{[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]} 07:51, 3 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> lxwhq9rla54q10n78htimnkv3yq2piv 3 1201693 10369136 2025-07-03T07:52:47Z Cactusisme 1477024 General note: Removal of content, blanking. 🌵 [[WP:TW|TW]] 🌵 10369136 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[File:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to Wikipedia. You might not have done it on purpose, but your recent change removed helpful information from Wikipedia. We ask that you do not remove things from pages without giving a good reason in the [[Wikipedia:Change summary|change summary]]. If it was a mistake, do not worry. The part of the article you removed has been put back. If you want to try things out, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. If you would like to learn how to help Wikipedia, please see the [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome page]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-delete1 --> [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] ^{[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">hi</i>]]} ^{[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]} 07:52, 3 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> 9w93cvebp8w74lxld7jb4pendrnrimy 3 1201694 10369138 2025-07-03T07:55:10Z Cactusisme 1477024 General note: Unhelpful changes on [[Ankita Lokhande]]. 🌵 [[WP:TW|TW]] 🌵 10369138 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make helpful changes to Wikipedia. However, some of [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|your changes]], like those to "[[:Ankita Lokhande]]", did not seem to be helpful and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] ^{[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">hi</i>]]} ^{[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:black">ツ</i>]]} 07:55, 3 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> adombpxifmrbg2k9xo8dv61tpvsat3d 0 1201695 10369156 2025-07-03T08:06:47Z 176.160.193.61 This page describes about the CEO of Common Cause (India), journalist and social activist: Vipul Mudgal. 10369156 wikitext text/x-wiki Vipul Mudgal is a journalist, academic, and social activist who heads the rights-based NGO, Common Cause in New Delhi. He focuses on democracy, governance, and political violence, particularly in South Asia, and has written extensively on the dangers of extrajudicial methods like torture and fake police encounters. Mudgal has received numerous global fellowships such as the Reagan-Fascell Democracy Fellowship (2020) at Washington DC, Jefferson Fellowship (2003) at the East-West Centre Hawaii, Nehru Centenary British Fellowship(1991) in the UK, and the Visiting Senior Fellowship at the CSDS (2013-2014) and has authored books on democratic processes, citizen rights, and state violence. He lives happily with his family in New Delhi, India. qu6zgfkxu5jss5q1jzhibxx7ox5ztem 3 1201696 10369199 2025-07-03T08:20:23Z 2600:480A:4A51:9300:7562:4236:7A88:E8FB /* {{unblock|reason goes here}} i have been unfairly banned for "vandalizing" even there was no checking about it */ new section 10369199 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{unblock|reason goes here}} i have been unfairly banned for "vandalizing" even there was no checking about it == and there was no proof of vandalizing look i just to talk to steven the user who reported me but nothing he refuse to talk me i think he is very biased [[Special:Contributions/2600:480A:4A51:9300:7562:4236:7A88:E8FB|2600:480A:4A51:9300:7562:4236:7A88:E8FB]] ([[User talk:2600:480A:4A51:9300:7562:4236:7A88:E8FB#top|talk]]) 08:20, 3 July 2025 (UTC) 8e8rxgd6s24sm28pa62l6kly1a7enbm 10369426 10369199 2025-07-03T11:20:13Z Barras 40117 10369426 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unblock reviewed|1=reason goes here|decline=IP not blocked. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 11:20, 3 July 2025 (UTC)}} 5othoyl6kg276tf35sdahd4a9hwy1ej 3 1201697 10369210 2025-07-03T08:24:09Z ChenzwBot 16695 Adding level 1 warning about vandalism on [[BRICS]] (BOT) 10369210 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|left|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make useful changes to Wikipedia. However, at least one of your changes, such as the one you made to "[[:BRICS]]", did not seem to be helpful and has been '''automatically reverted''' by [[User:ChenzwBot|ChenzwBot]]. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you. *Technical details: [[Special:Diff/10369208|Edit]] (10369208) processed with score of 0.97730. <small> *As an automated computer program, ChenzwBot makes few mistakes, but it may happen in rare cases. If you believe your change was not vandalism, remove this message from your talk page, and then make the change again. </small> <!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> --[[User:ChenzwBot|ChenzwBot]] ([[User talk:ChenzwBot|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/ChenzwBot|contribs]]) 08:24, 3 July 2025 (UTC) 946k3z3ku888b8wqbceu0iop2tf5atp 4 1201698 10369212 2025-07-03T08:24:52Z Cactusisme 1477024 Created page with "{{Archive top}} ===Slavery=== {{la|Slavery}} Here are 5 reasons why this article should be demoted. # '''Article structure'''. This article is structured in dubious and seemingly arbitrary ways. Instead of a single history chapter with six subsections, there are six chapters based on historical slavery. This doesn't really make sense. Another srange thing is that [[Slavery#Sources]] is between [[Slavery#Stopping slavery]] and [[Slavery#Famous people who were slaves]]. W..." 10369212 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Archive top}} ===Slavery=== {{la|Slavery}} Here are 5 reasons why this article should be demoted. # '''Article structure'''. This article is structured in dubious and seemingly arbitrary ways. Instead of a single history chapter with six subsections, there are six chapters based on historical slavery. This doesn't really make sense. Another srange thing is that [[Slavery#Sources]] is between [[Slavery#Stopping slavery]] and [[Slavery#Famous people who were slaves]]. Why is this section not at the end of the article? Speaking of which, why is [[Slavery#Famous people who were slaves]] even a section? An arbitrary selection of 16 notable individuals in a category without any reliable source to back it up is subject to bias. And that is what has happened here; half of the people on the list are American. This is why we have categories. # '''Incompleteness'''. According to the requirements for a good article, this article should be fairly complete. Despite this fact, it is not. It provides none of the following: terminology (such as classifications between types of slavery), abolitionism movements, portrayal of slavery in media, characteristics (such as how slavery is defined). These are some general ideas. Of course, the article does not have to be comprehensive, but there should be more included. # '''Sourcing'''. The article is poorly sourced. [[Slavery#Early civilizations]]: Reference 13 is dubiously placed. The part about deuteronomy, the part about slaves being assigned to certain houses or temples, and the part about citizens being protected (also, where in the world did this happen specifically, as an example would be notable information about slavery). is never mentioned in a source in the article. [[Slavery#Slavery in ancient Rome]]: Not only does this entire section of text only have a single source, that source is a book that is not available anywhere online for free. This would not be problematic if there was more than one source in the section, but this source cannot be easily accessed. Furthermore, due to the placement of the reference, there is no source of the final paragraph of the section. [[Slavery#The Arab slave trade]]: Citation 22 (Atlanta Black Star) is the only source in this section, despite being re-referenced four times in a row. It is also a top 10 article. While Atlanta Black Star is generally a pretty reliable source, and this article may be accurate, articles like these are notorious for having inaccuracies and are not especially reliable. [[Slavery#Slavery in the United States]]: Citation 27 is not cited correctly (I am not sure how you would resolve this issue). [[Slavery#Sources]]: There is a chance that some of the missing sources' information has come from here. Out of these sources, however, only one of them is available online, and many of these are 700 pages long with no page range listed. These sources have the same amount of purpose as a further reading section. From sourcing alone, it is clear that this article should not be a good article. # '''Improvement templates'''. There are multiple <nowiki>{{fact}}</nowiki> and <nowiki>{{when}}</nowiki> templates in the article. # '''Redlinks'''. There are two redlinks directly in the article. As for the "Part of a series on Slavery" template, I understand that not every article included in templates is going to be linked, but linking articles like [[History of slavery]] and [[Slavery and religion]] is the bare minimum. This is not a comprehensive or complete list of issues. These are just some issues that I found while checking the article for maybe 20 minutes. I understand that this is not english wiki, and that standards are not the same here as they are there, but there are some glaring issues in the article. I have read that you are not supposed to make major changes to a good article without discussion, and this is many major issues. I have made some minor changes while reading this article that are quick fixes, but this article needs lots of major improvements. This article is very good and the work done so far on this article is great, but I do not think it should be a good article. <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:#006470;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMe<i>And</i>MrMe'''</span>]]</span>_{[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]} 02:54, 2 June 2024 (UTC) :I did most of the edits to make this a good article: :*In my opinion, it focuses too much on "classic" Atlanic Slave Trade (Get the Slaves from Africa, move them to the Americas to produce something, and move the produced goods fromn there to Europe. There likely is too little how this worked "inside Africa", in Asia/Oceania, or perhaps even Central/South America (outside of colonialism). Forced labor during wars.... :*We do have a Cateogry:Slavery with related articles, for different aspects. There's a Category:Slavery, with currently 20 pages, it has subcategories, where you'll easily find anouther 30-40 pages. :*References do not have to be accessible online. :*I am not studying at university, and spending days in (well-equipped) university libraries is not my favorite pastime. Also, I do not live in the English-speaking world. I am not a historian, or sociologist. I have a technical background. :*Our article currently has a size of 36kb. As a comparison, the EnWP article, has a size of 276kb. Without too much effort, the article could easily double in size :*The idea behind the GA/VGA processes is that the community works together, to create articles that are of higher quality. It is not that one editor does it all. :*You will see that the articles in the Category:Slavery, or its subcategories often are in a very bad state. :My guess is thatfixing this will need 3-5 people (who coordinate their work); working on this article for several weekends. I would stipulate though, that in the end, the article should not be more than triple the size it is now. I am committed to helping, but before starting, I want to see committment from at least two other people. This likley is a major overhaul. :Thoe are of course just my views. Note also: copying the EnWP article and simplifiying that shuldn't be the main goal. We want articles written for our community; the EnWp crowd is different. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 09:15, 2 June 2024 (UTC) ::So, just a note, the first part about the structure is valid, but very easily solved (I've done most of it, I have no opinions on if it should be a single section on the history or not. The main issue will be the sourcing, and any missing info. If we are missing sources and large amount of info about the subject (I don't know much myself) it's probably a lot of work to fix. '''[[User:Lee Vilenski|<span style="color:green">Lee Vilenski</span>]] ^{([[User talk:Lee Vilenski|talk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Lee Vilenski|contribs]])}''' 11:33, 2 June 2024 (UTC) :::If you think you have a workable solution please implement it. As to sections: we should avoid sections of 4-5 sentences as it disrupts reading flow. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 11:42, 2 June 2024 (UTC) ::::What do you mean by avoiding sections of 4-5 sentences? Should they be longer than that? ::::Also, just to mention, you make good points in your bullet points, and I would be committed to helping. <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:#006470;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMe<i>And</i>MrMe'''</span>]]</span>_{[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]} 14:31, 2 June 2024 (UTC) :::::I mean: having a titled section of 5 sentences, and then having another titled section disrupts reading flow and these should be paragraphs instead. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 14:44, 2 June 2024 (UTC) :::::: I've made some changes to the article layout mostly, I think this is more coherent. The big issue is the citation needed tags. Will need to do some work for finding the sourcing. '''[[User:Lee Vilenski|<span style="color:green">Lee Vilenski</span>]] ^{([[User talk:Lee Vilenski|talk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Lee Vilenski|contribs]])}''' 16:28, 2 June 2024 (UTC) :::::::I am not sure that these layout changes really make sense, specifically with "around the world". Around the world implies that these are current examples of slavery around the world, yet the only sections in this are historical examples of slavery. Also, wouldn't Roman slavery also count as around the world? <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:#006470;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMe<i>And</i>MrMe'''</span>]]</span>_{[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]} 16:34, 2 June 2024 (UTC) :I want to add: I believe that the article does not talk enough about today's sexual slavery (forced marriages, prostitution and porn), especially when it happens to children and teenagers. [[User:Dream Indigo|<span style = "color:Indigo;font-family:Andalus;font-weight:bold">Dream</span>]] [[User talk:Dream Indigo|<span style = "color:Indigo;font-family:Andalus;font-weight:bold">Indigo</span>]] 16:08, 2 June 2024 (UTC) :::I dunno, I think that's probably out of scope, would maybe have a section on it that scopes out to our other articles. We already have articles for [[forced marriage]], for example. '''[[User:Lee Vilenski|<span style="color:green">Lee Vilenski</span>]] ^{([[User talk:Lee Vilenski|talk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Lee Vilenski|contribs]])}''' 16:12, 2 June 2024 (UTC) ::I feel like sexual slavery is a bit too different from the "hard labour" types of slavery that is generally thought of when slavery is brought up.- [[User:FusionSub|<span style="color: #0C6508">FusionSub</span>]] ([[User_talk:FusionSub|Talk page]]) ([[Special:Contributions/FusionSub|Contributions]]) 16:44, 2 June 2024 (UTC) :::Slavery covers all types of slavery, including sexual slavery. Lee Vilenski brings up a good point, that we do have articles such as forced marriage, prostitution, etc. However, I feel like there are ways that we can incorporate another paragraph or two more in about this type of slavery, because it is a major type of both modern and historical slavery. <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:#006470;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMe<i>And</i>MrMe'''</span>]]</span>_{[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]} 17:16, 2 June 2024 (UTC) ::::We can add a section it, I think it is one of the main forms of 'modern-day slavery'. Remember Wikipedia isn't censored, and I would at least expect a short mention, though in modern times identifying a slave has become more difficult. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 18:34, 2 June 2024 (UTC) :::::A brief mention is what is already in the article. <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:#006470;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMe<i>And</i>MrMe'''</span>]]</span>_{[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]} 19:29, 2 June 2024 (UTC) ::::::The thing is always to find halfway reliable secondary sources for this; depending on what you search for this can be non-trivial, to near-impossible. Prostitutes being lured into a country, and then being exploited by a pimp is likely pretty normal. What would be interesting (but likely its difficult to find numbers: In what way did internet technologies (such as live streaming) change the way prostitution (and likely: slavery) work? - sex tourism might be worth mentioning, if it isn't already. If wanted, needs in-depth discussion on the resp. article talkpage. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 21:09, 2 June 2024 (UTC) :::::::Should discussion about article improvement be moved to the talk page, or is it fine here? <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:#006470;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMe<i>And</i>MrMe'''</span>]]</span>_{[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]} 23:39, 2 June 2024 (UTC) ::::::::If we agree that we spend some time (likely 2-3 weekends) fixing/improving and that we are at least three people to do this, then we can discuss details on the article talk page. Note: When I started to prepare slavery for GA, I brought over quite a few articles, so we do have them. Problem is that they may be stubs or in a bad state. So for all these suggestions it will likely come down to a paragraph or two in the slavery article, and a link to another article where details can be found. And as always: we need reliable sources for claims made. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 05:35, 3 June 2024 (UTC) :'''Demote''' - that is what i am leaning toward, if it is not good enough at this time. [[Special:Contributions/2001:2020:30D:D58A:4FB:BBC6:DB63:E5FE|2001:2020:30D:D58A:4FB:BBC6:DB63:E5FE]] ([[User talk:2001:2020:30D:D58A:4FB:BBC6:DB63:E5FE|talk]]) 20:39, 11 June 2024 (UTC) ::why? [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] ^{[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]} ^{[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">ouch</i>]]} 08:40, 17 July 2024 (UTC) ::{{comment}} Ip blocked [[User:Cactusisme|'''<span style="color:#0D98BA;">Cactus</span><span style="color:#013220;">🌵</span>''']] ^{[[User talk:Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">spiky</i>]]} ^{[[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|<i style="color:green">ouch</i>]]} 03:27, 20 July 2024 (UTC) *'''demote''' I agree that there are too many problems to be a good article. I think it should have a section on modern slavery as some estimate there are more slaves today than at the height of the trans Atlantic trade. It also doesn't cover ancient slavery such as biblical slavery. This and the sourcing problems need to be dealt with. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:48, 21 September 2024 (UTC) ::'''Result: Demoted''' - It was a good start, but the subject is complex, and the current article needs major adaptations to bring it up to GA standard; while we don't expect completeness at GA lervel, the article does not talk about many aspects, and needs a major rewerite an extension to be at GA-level.--[[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 09:48, 22 September 2024 (UTC) {{Archive bottom}} {{Archive top}} === Tropical Depression Ten (2005) === {{la|Tropical Depression Ten (2005)}} Article is currently nominated to be merged, enwiki has the article merged with [[2005 Atlantic hurricane season]] and the article is rather short to be VGA hence why the merger is being proposed (to benefit said 2005 Atlantic hurricane season article). Not to mention a third of the sources used are deadlinks. --[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 07:59, 9 May 2024 (UTC) :'''Demote'''. The storm wasn't all that important and the article is rather short. The important information is about Hurricane Katrina, but [[Hurricane Katrina]] would be a better choice for a VGA and could include this information. [[User:Kk.urban|Kk.urban]] ([[User talk:Kk.urban|talk]]) 18:12, 9 May 2024 (UTC) :'''Commment''' perhaps we should just close the merge discussion, and demote the article as cleanup. It's been a long time in discussion. '''[[User:Lee Vilenski|<span style="color:green">Lee Vilenski</span>]] ^{([[User talk:Lee Vilenski|talk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Lee Vilenski|contribs]])}''' 21:05, 15 May 2024 (UTC) ::Agreed. That's the approach I was thinking too. The discussion about the merger has been going on for quite a bit. [[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 06:19, 16 May 2024 (UTC) :*'''demote''' Doesn't seem to fit criteria anymore. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 21:44, 17 May 2024 (UTC) :I tend to agree with the consensus to '''demote'''. I don't feel it's representative of a VGA, and not as simple as it could be. However, I'm not so sure about the idea of merging. It seems to warrant its place as its own article. [[user:Yottie|<span style="font-family:Comic sans ms;color:#000080;font-weight:bold;">Yot<span style="color:#CD0000;">tie</span>]] [[user_talk:Yottie|^{<span style="font-family:Times new roman;color:#40E0D0;">=talk=</span>}]] 18:56, 20 May 2024 (UTC) :'''Demote'''. As a VGA it feels malnourished, but as a GA, it would feel more suitable.- [[User:FusionSub|<span style="color: #0C6508">FusionSub</span>]] ([[User_talk:FusionSub|Talk page]]) ([[Special:Contributions/FusionSub|Contributions]]) 08:07, 23 May 2024 (UTC) :'''Demote''' per the nominators reasons. – [[User:Cyber.Eyes.2005|<span style="color: #0099ff;">'''Cyber.Eyes'''</span><span style="color: #ff6600;">'''2005'''</span>]]^{[[User talk:Cyber.Eyes.2005|<span style="color: #003366;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 11:51, 2 June 2024 (UTC) ::'''Result: demoted to regular article'''--[[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 21:10, 2 June 2024 (UTC) {{Archive bottom}} {{Archive top}} === Jupiter === {{admin-note}} The consensus was to keep to keep the article as a VGA '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 19:06, 25 October 2023 (UTC) {{la|Jupiter}} Is currently a VGA, but entirely avoids the recent work on the way Jupiter affected the other planets during the formation of the Solar System. If you read En wiki not only on Jupiter, but also on the [[Grand tack hypothesis]] you will see what I'm getting at. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_tack_hypothesis] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumping-Jupiter_scenario] Should be demoted at least to GA until we have a reasonable account which addresses the key issues about Jupiter's effects on the early Solar System. [[User:Macdonald-ross|Macdonald-ross]] ([[User talk:Macdonald-ross|talk]]) 16:32, 19 February 2022 (UTC) :I have worked on the infobox and etymology of the symbol and name. What you mentioned is also a valid mention, though. <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:#006470;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMe<i>And</i>MrMe'''</span>]]</span>_{[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]} 13:44, 23 March 2022 (UTC) ::I see few have picked this one up (Grand tack hypothesis), but I did read through the En wiki page, and this one is quite deficient. Time for action. We can't expect to be respected when our page does not mention important issues. [[User:Macdonald-ross|Macdonald-ross]] ([[User talk:Macdonald-ross|talk]]) 16:01, 23 May 2022 (UTC) :::Now we have a version of the [[Grand tack hypothesis]]. ::::{{ping|Macdonald-ross}} Do you still think the article is insufficient, or can this be closed? [[User:Lights and freedom|Lights and freedom]] ([[User talk:Lights and freedom|talk]]) 23:57, 29 July 2022 (UTC) ::I have added a sentence, because the text still had a "Jupiter the Great Protector" bias. I sense we are just at the start of a great journey before we understand the Solar System better. Err, yes, you can close the item now. But, personally, I don't regard it as VG. We are too eager to show off our stuff with flags IMO. I repeated: should be demoted. [[User:Macdonald-ross|Macdonald-ross]] ([[User talk:Macdonald-ross|talk]]) 10:48, 6 November 2022 (UTC) ::It's need to ''demoted.'' <!-- Template:Unsigned --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Frontfrog|Frontfrog]] ([[User talk:Frontfrog#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Frontfrog|contribs]]) 11:07, 23 November 2022 (UTC)</small> *'''Do not demote'''. I think all the important things are explained. [[User:Lights and freedom|Lights and freedom]] ([[User talk:Lights and freedom|talk]]) 16:00, 7 April 2023 (UTC) * '''Keep''' - Good information about the grand tack hypothesis has been explained. Went in and did some general copyedits to clean up the page, but the content is in good, updated shape. 🤘🤘 [[User:DovahFRD|DovahFRD]] ([[User talk:DovahFRD|talk]]) 22:10, 7 April 2023 (UTC) :'''Demote'''. The writing is not very well organized in places. Right at the start, the third "paragraph" is not coherent (visibility, name, brightness, brightness). The third sentence needs work. That is just in the first few lines. --[[User:Gotanda|Gotanda]] ([[User talk:Gotanda|talk]]) 23:14, 9 April 2023 (UTC) ::Another example: the section Mass does not give the mass of Jupiter. There are five sentences in the section. Two reference mass. Most of the passage is about the volume of the planet (Sentence topics: 1. mass 2. heat 3. diameter and mass. 4. volume. 5. volume.) That is plainly wrong. Mixing volume and mass is misleading and may confuse some readers rather than help them. --[[User:Gotanda|Gotanda]] ([[User talk:Gotanda|talk]]) 23:22, 9 April 2023 (UTC) :::Perhaps the content of the Mass section could be merged into the beginning of the Structure section? I agree that the section title ''Mass'' is misleading given the contents of the section. (There is also the repetition of the "eleven times larger" fact between these two places.) The beginning of the Structure section could then contain an overview of size (both diameter and volume) and mass. --[[user:Thrasymedes|Thrasymedes]] ([[user_talk:Thrasymedes|talk]]) 20:08, 24 April 2023 (UTC) ::The intro is supposed to be an overview of everything. There's not going to be a whole paragraph about whether Jupiter can be seen with the naked eye, or about the brightness, or about the name. In any case, these sentences do fit together. It is only because Jupiter can be seen without a telescope that the Ancient Romans were able to see it. Only 5 planets can be seen in the sky without a telescope. This is also related to its brightness. I don't think anything is wrong with the intro at all. [[User:Lights and freedom|Lights and freedom]] ([[User talk:Lights and freedom|talk]]) 17:17, 10 April 2023 (UTC) *'''Keep''' - I like this article, which is very informative. [[User:Blissyu2|Blissyu2]] ([[User talk:Blissyu2|talk]]) 23:48, 24 April 2023 (UTC) *'''Keep''' Per above. This is a good article. It provides a lot of information. <mark style="background:Silver">[[User:Bobherry|<span style="color:Red">Bobherry</span>]] [[User talk:Bobherry|<span style="color:White">Talk</span>]] [[Special:Contributions/Bobherry|<span style="color:Blue">My Changes</span>]] </mark> 01:23, 15 May 2023 (UTC) *'''Keep''' The Grand Tack Hypothesis is explained in simple english and in general is still a Very Good Article.- [[User:FusionSub|<span style="color: #0C6508">FusionSub</span>]] ([[User_talk:FusionSub|Talk page]]) ([[Special:Contributions/FusionSub|Contributions]]) 12:09, 14 June 2023 (UTC) *'''Demote''' on sourcing problems. This proposal is well over a year old now and some sentences in the article are missing citations while other sentences are backed by unreliable sources. Then there's a bunch of citations that are either missing page numbers or have extremely broad page ranges, making verification very difficult. Additionally, the reasons for keeping this article come across as "[[:en:WP:ILIKEIT|I like it]]." I don't think it's unreasonable to decide the result of this proposal at this point. --[[User:Wow|Wow]] ([[User talk:Wow|talk]]) 18:37, 6 July 2023 (UTC) *'''Keep''' Seems to be up to scratch now. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<font color="darkgreen">fr33k</font>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<font color="blue">man</font>]]''''' 15:14, 16 August 2023 (UTC) {{Archive bottom}} {{Archive top}} === Ronald Reagan === {{la|Ronald Reagan}} This rolled around on the main page and I had a look. Please see the talk page. Many cited references are incorrect. They do not support the statements they are attached to. I broke each issue down into separate topics on the Talk page. They can be fixed if someone wants to invest that much time in this subject. --[[User:Gotanda|Gotanda]] ([[User talk:Gotanda|talk]]) 06:59, 21 March 2023 (UTC) :Everything on the talkpage (except the first header of 2020) is now related to this request for demotion. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 11:19, 21 March 2023 (UTC) ::Thank you, Eptalon. That does make it a little bit easier to manage the discussion. There is now an IP editor making some bold changes, but those are mostly different from this demotion request. Briefly, the article hass errors of fact, poorly written sections, and completely misuses the sources it refers to in many cases. Accurate referencing is key to a Good or Very Good article and is one of the virtues of Wikipedia. The reference sections should be a useful tool to leearn more, not misleading. --[[User:Gotanda|Gotanda]] ([[User talk:Gotanda|talk]]) 00:30, 22 March 2023 (UTC) :I did spend several minutes editing that, but I have something important: [[Talk:Ronald_Reagan#Verifiability_in_the_top_section|click here.]] Thanks, ''WPchanger2011'' ([[User:WPchanger2011|page]], [[User talk:WPchanger2011|talk]], [[Special:Contributions/WPchanger2011|changes he did]], [[Special:Contributions/2607:FEA8:551D:2E00:0:0:0:0/64|more changes]]) :) 23:09, 28 March 2023 (UTC) :DovahFRD made a few improvements, but most of the issues remain unaddressed. I think this should return to regular article, not Good, as it fails: 5. The last few revisions should be minor changes (like spell-checking or link-fixing). 8 There must be no templates pointing to the fact that the article needs improvement. and 9. Content that is from books, journal articles or other publications needs to be referenced. Thanks, --[[User:Gotanda|Gotanda]] ([[User talk:Gotanda|talk]]) 23:06, 9 April 2023 (UTC) :::'''Result: Demoted to regular article''' - The article has many issues to fix, which are outlined on the talk page. As it currently does not meet the VGA criteria, I have demoted the article to regular article. Feel free to re-nominate, once you feel it meets the criteria again. <!-- Template:Unsigned --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Eptalon|contribs]]) 07:11, 16 April 2023 (UTC)</small> {{Archive bottom}} {{Archive top}} === Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis === {{la|Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis}} If you examine the article history and [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis talk] page, you will see that I put in a lot of effort trying to simplify the article and correct the many errors it still included after it was promoted. Lights and freedom put in time as well, thanks! However, there are still about a half dozen major problems listed on the Talk page which nobody has tried to address. The original nominator may have retired or may still be around as an IP. I waited a while, but it has rolled around on the front page a few times. Another editor did make some corrections and tagged it as complex. The Flesch score is 61 which is more complex than our average of 66.5 for VGAs. Bios should be simpler. That average includes science articles such as Evolution which are much harder to simplify. The original promotion discussion is [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_very_good_articles/Archive_11 here]. It no longer meets 6. The last few revisions should be minor changes (like spell-checking or link-fixing). But, more importantly, it lacks references or references were completely misused/incorrect, parts of it are complex, and large parts are just poorly written or disorganized. --[[User:Gotanda|Gotanda]] ([[User talk:Gotanda|talk]]) 00:06, 21 December 2022 (UTC) :Just looking at the intro, the artcle is far from VGA. The entire first paragraph is a single 30 some word sentence. You could probably get 3 sentences out of that mess.. In the first 3 paragraphs. JFK is linked 3 separate times. The entirety of her time as FL in the intro is covered as 'She became First Lady. Her husband was assassinated." Different paragraphs but still back to back sentences. She apparently did nothing as FL. Breezing through the rest, it gets incredibly clunky and feels a bit off more than occasionally. the complex tag is certainly valid. That tag alone is enough to make it fail VGA. It is probably enough to drop it below GA standards. The article has seen 172 edits since it was noted as VG. A lot was changed in the interim. For an article on a dead person with very little need for updating since pretty much nothing has changed, there has been a lot of changes made here. This certainly is not the article that passed the VGA process one year, one day and 172 edits ago. [[User:Pure Evil|Pure Evil]] ([[User talk:Pure Evil|talk]]) 04:00, 21 December 2022 (UTC) : Looking at the original VGA discussion, I have to wonder how this was promoted in the first place. The discussion was at a point where is was getting close to acceptance but there were still issues that needed to be fixed. It all sat there quietly for 6-7 weeks and as no one was doing anything, it got promoted. Not that there were no cases of people seeing problems that needed fixed (there were) just that no one was doing anything about it any more. The problems were still there but no one was working to fix them. That is no reason for promotion. It is more a reason to not promote. Issues are there and not getting fixed = failed since everyone gave up on it. [[User:Pure Evil|Pure Evil]] ([[User talk:Pure Evil|talk]]) 04:14, 21 December 2022 (UTC) ::I agree with your description of the promotion process. The only reason I put that much work into it--after--was that since it got promoted, I did not want the most glaring errors getting a lot of visibility as "our best." --[[User:Gotanda|Gotanda]] ([[User talk:Gotanda|talk]]) 05:22, 21 December 2022 (UTC) :::I generally notice that there's a lack of interest in the processes of GA and VGA. As to this article: Can we say that we demote to GA, perhaps putting some work into it (to fix the most glaring errors)? - I can understand everyone who works on these articles, and in the end, they get demoted anyway, which is frustrating. VGAs are supposed to be the best kind of article this community is able to produce. Like many other GAs/VGAs, this one was basically the work of one editor at the start, and when the editor leaves/becomes disinerested, the aticle sits there to rot. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 09:48, 21 December 2022 (UTC) ::::I'll make a comment. Generally editors are ''very pushy'' as they try to get GA or VGA. I don't know that applies in this case, but it does in many. By being so possessive and defensive the process of commenting is often ignored or flat out denied. Single-author articles are the worst case. You can see this happening in the current PGA and PVGA. Editors see it as "their property", and their defensiveness is obvious. Another questionable feature is the number of biographies being a high percent of all the GAs and VAs we promote. So is the number of one-author proposals, or ''effectively'' one-author proposals. The end result is a general disaffection towards the process. Very often, the defects have been noticed, and were flat out denied by a pushy author at the time. Frankly, I don't see this being reformed without banning authors from the discussion, or banning authors who have contributed more than 50% of the article. Authors have been "judge and jury and old man fury", to use a phrase of [[Lewis Carroll]]. I'd like to add a final comment: the lack of participation may be due to a general perception that the process pf discussion has shown itself to be a waste of time. Generally speaking, it has not resulted in better articles. And articles which are pretty good were pretty good before discussion! [[User:Macdonald-ross|Macdonald-ross]] ([[User talk:Macdonald-ross|talk]]) 10:45, 21 December 2022 (UTC) :::::We are coming up on two weeks and editors have not fixed the issues on the talk page or the complexity. This article no longer meets criteria 5 (recent edits) or 8 (tagged for improvement) for Good Articles either, so despite having put a fair amount of work into it, I think it should be demoted to regular article. Thank you --[[User:Gotanda|Gotanda]] ([[User talk:Gotanda|talk]]) 08:18, 30 December 2022 (UTC) :{{od}}'''Result''' - I have demoted the article to regular article. Issues raised need fixing. If wanted, the article can then be re-submitted to the process, ideally first trying to get the 'Good Article' flag.--[[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 09:08, 30 December 2022 (UTC) {{Archive bottom}} {{Archive top}} === Chopsticks === {{la|Chopsticks}} See section "Origin of the word" which is obviously not simple English, but just obsessive. [[User:Macdonald-ross|Macdonald-ross]] ([[User talk:Macdonald-ross|talk]]) 10:30, 6 November 2022 (UTC) :I removed some of the excess detail. I think it's now reasonable, as it explains the word/meaning of chopsticks in each of the main languages that uses them. If you still think it's too much, you could remove all the other languages and put the sentence about English into the history section above. I think this is still a good article and should not be demoted. [[User:Lights and freedom|Lights and freedom]] ([[User talk:Lights and freedom|talk]]) 06:27, 4 December 2022 (UTC) ::Tried to fix up some of the issues. Removed a lot of old cruft. Reorganized a bit. But, there was never much here anyway. Not Good. Time to demote. --[[User:Gotanda|Gotanda]] ([[User talk:Gotanda|talk]]) 10:14, 22 December 2022 (UTC) :::'''Result''' - I have demoted the article--[[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 09:13, 30 December 2022 (UTC) {{Archive bottom}} {{Archive top}} === Neptune === {{la|Neptune}} The article as promoted has two differing accounts of who discovered it. [[User:Macdonald-ross|Macdonald-ross]] ([[User talk:Macdonald-ross|talk]]) 11:13, 1 January 2022 (UTC) *Back in June or so when it was at PGA, I had some very good thoughts on it and looking through the GA criteria, I was in favour of promoting the article. I don't think we would have reached a stage where it would need demotion. If something is factually incorrect then we can fix that now without demoting the article. I might have more of a proper look at the article later on. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]])</small> 19:01, 2 January 2022 (UTC) *'''Keep''' This is something that can be fixed without demoting the article. --[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 20:58, 18 February 2022 (UTC) *OK, agreed. Close this as stet (not deleted), so long as my point above is settled. [[User:Macdonald-ross|Macdonald-ross]] ([[User talk:Macdonald-ross|talk]]) 11:49, 20 February 2022 (UTC) ::'''Result'' - Kept at current level (GA) --[[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 09:16, 30 December 2022 (UTC) {{Archive bottom}} {{Archive top}} === Gothic architecture === {{la|Gothic architecture}} Lack of references, complex sentences and don't even follow the [[WP:MOS|manual of style]]. The article is also very long compare to other articles not because it is comprehensive, it just have a ton of unnecessary info. The amount of work needed to push the article to VGA is just too much for a fix-up here. [[User:CactiStaccingCrane|CactiStaccingCrane]] ([[User talk:CactiStaccingCrane|talk]]) 00:44, 8 November 2021 (UTC) :Notify @[[User:Amandajm|Amandajm]], @[[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] and @[[User:The Rambling Man|The Rambling Man]] as major contributors [[User:CactiStaccingCrane|CactiStaccingCrane]] ([[User talk:CactiStaccingCrane|talk]]) 00:50, 8 November 2021 (UTC) *'''Keep''' There are lots of references on this page (note not all references have to be inline). Not sure what part you think isn't following the manual of style but it looks fine in that regard as well. There is very little wrong with this article. I think perhaps you are bringing your experience with en.wiki over here. We operate a lot differently than their processes. -[[User:Djsasso|Djsasso]] ([[User talk:Djsasso|talk]]) 11:48, 8 November 2021 (UTC) *'''Keep'''. A very comprehensive description. Lack of reference isn't necessarily a problem in this sort of uncontroversial topic, and in that matter, I see the article is already well-cited. Is there any statement that you think needs to be better cited?-[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 11:58, 8 November 2021 (UTC) *'''Comment''' Good or not, no VGA should have an orange tag. --[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 13:09, 23 December 2021 (UTC) *:Maybe the problem is the tag? [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/AnotherWikipedian12385 Adding that tag was the one and only contribution from that editor], and they have not specified what is lacking. Remove the tag, then? [[User:Gotanda|Gotanda]] ([[User talk:Gotanda|talk]]) 09:42, 22 April 2022 (UTC) *Just for your information, I haven't seen Amandajm or The Rambling Man edit i quite some time. As I also contributed quite a bit, I'll comment here: As I understood, our criteria do not require in-line citations, and the article has a list of 15 books/works cited. Note also: the usual cathedral took several hundred years to build. (In the case of Cologne Cathedral: 1248 to 1902;Reims cathedral: 1210 or 1211 to 1516). So, can you point to sentences or sections that you think should change? --[[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 14:25, 29 December 2021 (UTC) *This one I would leave alone (not delete), although I would not have constructed it this way myself. To have a title "Gothic architecture" and illustrate it entirely by cathedrals is to me a bit strange. We do have [[castle]]s, which were part of that world! A better title for the page is "Gothic cathedrals". [[User:Macdonald-ross|Macdonald-ross]] ([[User talk:Macdonald-ross|talk]]) 16:01, 20 February 2022 (UTC) ::I'm going to change the title to Gothic cathedrals, as being accurate, simple, and avoiding the criticism that I made above. [[User:Macdonald-ross|Macdonald-ross]] ([[User talk:Macdonald-ross|talk]]) 08:37, 23 February 2022 (UTC) :::Wouldn't a more appropriate title be [[Gothic cathedrals and churches]] per enwiki? [[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 09:10, 23 February 2022 (UTC) :::::Well, almost all the examples are of cathedrals. Titles should be as brief as possible. [[User:Macdonald-ross|Macdonald-ross]] ([[User talk:Macdonald-ross|talk]]) 10:04, 28 February 2022 (UTC) ::::::As I remember, most are churches (likely cathedrals nowadays); you find a few palaces, and town halls, though. Examples of profane gothic buildings are Windsor Castle, (part of?) Blois castle, the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence, town halls in Brussels, Siena, and Lübeck. There are also some scuptures, and altars... [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 19:35, 1 April 2022 (UTC) *Really, the keeps have it (as "Gothic cathedrals"), and it could be closed now. [[User:Macdonald-ross|Macdonald-ross]] ([[User talk:Macdonald-ross|talk]]) 15:48, 23 May 2022 (UTC) *'''Result: Kept as VGA''' --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]])</small> 19:32, 22 September 2022 (UTC) {{Archive bottom}} {{Archive top}} === Kingsway tramway subway === {{la|Kingsway tramway subway}} Article needs source work and giving it a read there's some complicated word choices (also noted on the page's talk page). The use of complicated terms such as: "parliamentary session", "commercially viable" and "abandonment". The article could pass for GA. --[[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 13:14, 23 December 2021 (UTC) :'''Demoteː''' Article is complex in many places and the organization of the writing makes it harder to understand the main points. Just looking at the section titled "Through services" there are many problems. Complexity : Through servicesː not simple, jargon, what are they? Opening with something that is not simple is a bad way to start. :* Diverted :* Due to (use because and a direct svo order without fronting the cause :* LCC (undefined acronym) :* it was then decided that the headroom (passive and vocabulary) :* The work resulted in the replacement (indirect, complex) ::* There is more... It really needs to be simplified :Also, perhaps the main point of through services is buried in the last two sentences "It was 16 miles (25.75 km) long. This made it the longest tram route operated entirely within the County of London." The organization of the text is poor. [[User:Gotanda|Gotanda]] ([[User talk:Gotanda|talk]]) 09:17, 21 January 2022 (UTC) :'''Demote''' per above <span style="border-radius:9em;padding:2px;background-color:orange;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#FFF;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span>_{[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Let's talk'''</span>]]} 14:33, 18 February 2022 (UTC) *'''Demote'''. There are many flags requesting sources, which by itself means the article is not VGA. [[User:Macdonald-ross|Macdonald-ross]] ([[User talk:Macdonald-ross|talk]]) 15:10, 20 February 2022 (UTC) *:Is it time to demote this article? [[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 15:11, 23 March 2022 (UTC) *::Long past time to '''demote''', I would say. [[User:Gotanda|Gotanda]] ([[User talk:Gotanda|talk]]) 23:09, 19 April 2022 (UTC) *As I just cleared a rick-rolling reference that has been in the article from 2009, as 100+ edits have been made since it became VGA and as there are over a dozen Citation needed templates (in just the top half. Looks like they got bored of tagging it all and just gave up) - this thing is far from VGA, not even GA.. It is nowhere near the article that passed the VGA process. All things considered, its kind of embarrassing that it is designated at "Very Good" when its closer to "Barely Passable". --<b>[[User:Creol|Creol]]</b><small>([[User_talk:Creol|talk]])</small> 19:07, 1 April 2022 (UTC) *Yes, this one should be demoted to GA. [[User:Macdonald-ross|Macdonald-ross]] ([[User talk:Macdonald-ross|talk]]) 15:55, 23 May 2022 (UTC) ::'''Result: Demoted to Good article'''--[[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 17:58, 24 May 2022 (UTC) :::Archiving. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]])</small> 19:32, 22 September 2022 (UTC) {{Archive bottom}} 2ht1flt4w8zxe01vdyluexainpram56 0 1201699 10369234 2025-07-03T08:41:56Z 1.136.109.5 Created page with "{{Infobox song | name = Silent Night | cover = | type = | artist = [[Sixpence None the Richer]] | album = City on a Hill: It's Christmas Time | released = September 24, 2002 | recorded = | studio = | genre = [[Alternative rock]], [[Christian rock]], [[Christmas music|Christmas]] | length = 3:39 | label = Essential | writer = | producer = }} '''"Silent Night"''' is a song by [[Sixpence None the Richer]]. ==References== {{reflist}} Category..." 10369234 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Silent Night | cover = | type = | artist = [[Sixpence None the Richer]] | album = City on a Hill: It's Christmas Time | released = September 24, 2002 | recorded = | studio = | genre = [[Alternative rock]], [[Christian rock]], [[Christmas music|Christmas]] | length = 3:39 | label = Essential | writer = | producer = }} '''"Silent Night"''' is a song by [[Sixpence None the Richer]]. ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:2002 songs]] gxayj9hfbpe3at80d60ngkdqfa1v8uz 10369235 10369234 2025-07-03T08:43:06Z Igor123121 1293570 Added {{[[Template:stub|stub]]}} tag to article ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Silent Night | cover = | type = | artist = [[Sixpence None the Richer]] | album = City on a Hill: It's Christmas Time | released = September 24, 2002 | recorded = | studio = | genre = [[Alternative rock]], [[Christian rock]], [[Christmas music|Christmas]] | length = 3:39 | label = Essential | writer = | producer = }} '''"Silent Night"''' is a song by [[Sixpence None the Richer]]. ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:2002 songs]] {{stub}} ex3x6zzi3dv32y8ccn7ich61847osan 3 1201700 10369257 2025-07-03T09:06:43Z Igor123121 1293570 General note: Addition of unsourced or improperly cited material. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369257 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, I am [[User:Igor123121|Igor123121]]. I noticed that you made a change to an article, but you did not provide a [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources|reliable source]]. It has been removed and archived in the page history for now, but if you want to [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|include a citation]] and re-add it, please do so! If you need help with referencing, please see [[Wikipedia:Citing sources]], or if you think I made a mistake, you can leave me a message on [[User_talk:Igor123121|my talk page]]. Thank you. <!-- Template:uw-unsourced1 --> [[User:Igor123121|Igor123121]] ([[User talk:Igor123121|talk]]) 09:06, 3 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> jll9mn2wkkn90xoe5p7xasb2tqg3ked 1 1201701 10369265 2025-07-03T09:13:11Z 112.196.188.4 /* why we say bay of bangl */ new section 10369265 wikitext text/x-wiki == why we say bay of bangl == why ? [[Special:Contributions/112.196.188.4|112.196.188.4]] ([[User talk:112.196.188.4|talk]]) 09:13, 3 July 2025 (UTC) rbyvmbaxqyh1r2q72dwwotkhaqkvf4p 2 1201702 10369270 2025-07-03T09:15:57Z M IMRAN DHANGAL 1636094 Created page with "( محمد عمران دھنگل) Born: [05-08-1979] Birthplace: [lahoe Pakistan] Nationality: [پاکستانی / ] Occupation: [Teacher,Librarian,Motivational Speaker ] Years active: [200X – Present]" 10369270 wikitext text/x-wiki ( محمد عمران دھنگل) Born: [05-08-1979] Birthplace: [lahoe Pakistan] Nationality: [پاکستانی / ] Occupation: [Teacher,Librarian,Motivational Speaker ] Years active: [200X – Present] 9u732e1t527fqf2d20h1hlaa2ye3lob 10369275 10369270 2025-07-03T09:18:08Z M IMRAN DHANGAL 1636094 some mistake 10369275 wikitext text/x-wiki ( محمد عمران دھنگل) Born: [05-08-1979] Birthplace: [Lahore Pakistan] Nationality: [Pakistan ] Occupation: [Teacher,Librarian,Motivational Speaker ] h30s28455f7ha1mxchr23hhavztfbme 2 1201705 10369301 2025-07-03T09:33:46Z Userify 1636099 creating userpage 10369301 wikitext text/x-wiki Creating user page 7lnxlvbrbeig8diqvu26fbab4j29wz4 0 1201706 10369303 2025-07-03T09:36:14Z Userify 1636099 page simplified from enwiki 10369303 wikitext text/x-wiki Allan Jones aka William Allan Jones Jr. (born 31 December 1952) is an US based entrepreneur, living in [[Cleveland, Tennessee]].<ref name="gen">{{cite web|last=Slaughter|first=Michael T.|title=Michael T. Slaughter Genealogy|url=http://mtsfamily.com/GEDGEN/grpf4074.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812042405/http://www.mtsfamily.com/GEDGEN/grpf4074.html|archive-date=August 12, 2014|accessdate=August 5, 2014|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>[https://www.timesfreepress.com/news/business/aroundregion/story/2015/feb/05/lord-loans-how-clevelands-payday-loan-pioneer-allan-jones-was-propelled-fame-and-fortune/286693/ The Lord of Loans: How Cleveland payday-loan pioneer Allan Jones was propelled to fame and fortune]</ref> == Early life and education == Jones attended Cleveland High School, where he wrestled and won various awards and served as team captain.<ref name="woop">{{cite news|last=Pendergrass|first=Toby|date=April 1, 2011|title=WOOP Investigates The Truth about Allan Jones|work=[[WOOP-FM]]|location=Cleveland, Tennessee|url=http://www.woopfm.com/a_jones_Story.htm|url-status=dead|access-date=October 24, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316020911/http://www.woopfm.com/a_jones_Story.htm|archive-date=2014-03-16}}</ref> He graduated in 1972. Jones credited wrestling with helping build character.<ref name="matt">''The Mat''. "Allan Jones Donates $1 Million to Build Wrestling Facilities" by Sandra Rowland, May 23, 2001</ref> == Professional career == Jones left college at age 20 to help his father stabilize the family's small business, the ''Credit Bureau of Cleveland''.<ref name="timesfp">Chattanooga Times Free Press, February 24, 2008</ref><ref name="Jones reflects on 'Check' history">{{cite news|title=Jones reflects on 'Check' history|newspaper=Cleveland Daily Banner|url=http://clevelandbanner.com/stories/allan-jones-interview,83354}}</ref> He is the founder, chairman and CEO of ''Check Into Cash'', ''Creditcorp'', ''Jones Management Services'' and the ''Community Financial Services Association''.<ref name="JMS">{{Cite web|title=Jones Management Services|url=http://www.jonesmanagement.com/welcome.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316051721/http://www.jonesmanagement.com/welcome.htm|archive-date=March 16, 2014|access-date=June 6, 2014}}</ref><ref name="harpers">{{cite web|title=Usury Country {{pipe}} Harper's Magazine|url=http://harpers.org/archive/2009/04/usury-country/|publisher=harpers.org|accessdate=March 16, 2014}}</ref> Jones sold the credit reporting side of the business to Equifax in 1988, although he retained the name and the company's collection agency division. He then built the company to be the largest in Tennessee with offices from Memphis to Atlanta. Jones sold the company in 1998.<ref name="power">''BusinessTN'', July 2005.</ref> Jones opened the first Check Into Cash store in Cleveland, Tennessee in 1993.<ref name="latimes">{{cite news|last=Hendren|first=John|date=January 24, 1999|title=Exorbitant 'Payday Loans' Tide Over the Desperate, Line Lenders' Pockets|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|location=Los Angeles|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jan-24-me-1145-story.html|access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> It got merged into ''Check Into Cash'' in 2021 with Community Choice Financial. In 2022, he announced that Community Choice had acquired competitor Speedy Cash.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jones announces acquisition of Speedy Cash|url=https://clevelandbanner.com/stories/jones-announces-acquisition-of-speedy-cash,137093|access-date=2022-07-15|website=The Cleveland Daily Banner|language=en}}</ref> In 1999, Jones was credited with founding the Community Financial Services Association of America.<ref name="cfsa">{{cite web|author=<!--Not stated-->|title=About CFSA|url=http://cfsaa.com/about-cfsa.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524012052/http://cfsaa.com/about-cfsa.aspx|archive-date=2011-05-24|access-date=2011-12-07|website=cfsaa.com|publisher=Community Financial Services Association of America}}</ref> In 2014, Jones purchased Hardwick Clothes, a company founded in Cleveland, in 1880. Hardwick Clothes is the oldest manufacturer of tailor-made clothing in the United States.<ref name="hardwicksale">{{cite news|date=June 20, 2014|title=Sewing up the deal|newspaper=Cleveland Banner|url=http://www.clevelandbanner.com/view/full_story/25322373/article-Sewing-up-the-deal|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718181706/http://clevelandbanner.com/view/full_story/25322373/article-Sewing-up-the-deal|archive-date=July 18, 2014}}</ref> Hardwick Clothes, which began as Cleveland Woolen Mills, was one of two companies founded by C.L. Hardwick in the 19th century. Hardwick put his son Joseph in charge of Hardwick Stove, the family's other business, while his son George ran the clothing company. Cleveland Woolen Mills soon evolved into a manufacturing plant, making suits and other items of apparel.<ref name="hardwickhistory">{{cite web|last=Hill|first=Fletcher|title=A history of our supplier, Hardwick Clothes|url=http://seersuckerandtweeds.net/2011/06/14/127/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812153111/http://seersuckerandtweeds.net/2011/06/14/127/|archive-date=August 12, 2014|accessdate=July 26, 2014}}</ref> In 2019, Jones sold Hardwick to the company Puerto Rico Industries for the Blind.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hardwick Clothes in Cleveland acquired by Puerto Rico nonprofit, will add 100 workers|url=https://www.timesfreepress.com/news/business/aroundregion/story/2019/dec/16/americas-oldest-suit-maker-hnew-ownerpuerrico/510722/|access-date=2019-12-17|website=timesfreepress.com}}</ref> == Philanthropy == In 1990, Jones founded MainStreet Cleveland.<ref name="woop" /> In 2014, the Jones family gave a donation to Lee University.<ref>{{cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=October 23, 2014|title=Lee to dedicate Pangle Hall with student, faculty, alumni music|work=Times Free Press|location=Chattanooga, Tennessee|url=http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/chattanooganow/music/story/2014/oct/23/lee-dedicate-pangle-hall-student-faculty-alumni-mu/270183/}}</ref> In 2017, Jones donated 43,000 pairs of eclipse-viewing sunglasses to students in six Tennessee school systems, to ensure students who wanted to view the solar eclipse did so only with safe, NASA-approved glasses.<ref>{{cite web|title=Protect those eyes! Businessman focused on kids' safety|url=http://clevelandbanner.com/stories/protect-those-eyes,63715|website=www.clevelandbanner.com}}</ref> He is credited with the creation of the legend of Tall Betsy, a [[Halloween]] cultural icon based in Bradley County.<ref>{{cite news|date=October 13, 2011|title='Tall Betsy' returning to life in documentary|newspaper=Cleveland Daily Banner|url=http://www.clevelandbanner.com/view/full_story/15846428/article-%E2%80%98Tall-Betsy%E2%80%99-returning-to-life-in-documentary|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127164633/http://www.clevelandbanner.com/view/full_story/15846428/article-%E2%80%98Tall-Betsy%E2%80%99-returning-to-life-in-documentary|archive-date=November 27, 2012|accessdate=August 12, 2015}}</ref> == Awards == * ''M.C. Headrick Free Enterprise Award'' from The Cleveland/Bradley Chamber of Commerce (2003)<ref name="woop" /> * ''Entrepreneurship Hall of Fame'' at [[University of Tennessee]] (2003)<ref name="utc">[http://www.utc.edu/Academic/HarrisChair/2003.php "Entrepreneurship Hall of Fame, 2003"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110308065748/http://www.utc.edu/Academic/HarrisChair/2003.php|date=March 8, 2011}}, October 2003.</ref> * ''Power 100'' by ''BusinessTN'' magazine (2005) <ref name="power" /> * ''The King of Cash'' by ''BusinessTN'' Magazine<ref name="cash">Drew Ruble, [http://businesstn.com/content/king-cash "The King of Cash"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110825202735/http://businesstn.com/content/king-cash|date=August 25, 2011}}, ''BusinessTN'', July 2005</ref> * ''Fred Gregg Jr Award'' from the Greater Chattanooga Sports Hall of Fame for contributions to sports (2012)<ref>{{cite web|title=Gregg Award going to Jones|url=http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/sports/local/story/2012/feb/12/gregg-award-going-to-jones/70496/|website=www.timesfreepress.com}}</ref> * Chancellor's Award for ''Excellence in Philanthropy'' from the ''Tennessee Board of Regents'' (2015)<ref>{{cite web|title=Cleveland State Honors Allan Jones with Philanthropy Award|url=http://www.clevelandstatecc.edu/news/article/cleveland-state-honors-allan-jones-with-philanthropy-award|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417070827/http://www.clevelandstatecc.edu/news/article/cleveland-state-honors-allan-jones-with-philanthropy-award|archive-date=April 17, 2016|access-date=March 31, 2016|website=www.clevelandstateecc.edu|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Personal life == Politically, Jones has been an [[Independent (politics)|Independent]], and has donated to the campaigns of both [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] and [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] politicians, but his views are characterized to be [[Right-wing politics|right-leaning]] and fiscally [[Conservatism in the United States|conservative]]. Jones supported [[Donald Trump]] in the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 U.S. Presidential Election]]. A few days after the [[First inauguration of Donald Trump|inauguration of President Trump]], Jones stated in an interview with [[Fox & Friends]] that he was "tired of Presidents who were politicians" and believed that small businesses would benefit from Trump's policies.<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KnkntifOTGQ&t=11s|title=Allan Jones on Fox and Friends|date=January 30, 2017|publisher=Fox News}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} o175b25wxhew214eplmoxsjrbnckfnl 10369307 10369303 2025-07-03T09:37:12Z Userify 1636099 adding categories 10369307 wikitext text/x-wiki Allan Jones aka William Allan Jones Jr. (born 31 December 1952) is an US based entrepreneur, living in [[Cleveland, Tennessee]].<ref name="gen">{{cite web|last=Slaughter|first=Michael T.|title=Michael T. Slaughter Genealogy|url=http://mtsfamily.com/GEDGEN/grpf4074.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812042405/http://www.mtsfamily.com/GEDGEN/grpf4074.html|archive-date=August 12, 2014|accessdate=August 5, 2014|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>[https://www.timesfreepress.com/news/business/aroundregion/story/2015/feb/05/lord-loans-how-clevelands-payday-loan-pioneer-allan-jones-was-propelled-fame-and-fortune/286693/ The Lord of Loans: How Cleveland payday-loan pioneer Allan Jones was propelled to fame and fortune]</ref> == Early life and education == Jones attended Cleveland High School, where he wrestled and won various awards and served as team captain.<ref name="woop">{{cite news|last=Pendergrass|first=Toby|date=April 1, 2011|title=WOOP Investigates The Truth about Allan Jones|work=[[WOOP-FM]]|location=Cleveland, Tennessee|url=http://www.woopfm.com/a_jones_Story.htm|url-status=dead|access-date=October 24, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316020911/http://www.woopfm.com/a_jones_Story.htm|archive-date=2014-03-16}}</ref> He graduated in 1972. Jones credited wrestling with helping build character.<ref name="matt">''The Mat''. "Allan Jones Donates $1 Million to Build Wrestling Facilities" by Sandra Rowland, May 23, 2001</ref> == Professional career == Jones left college at age 20 to help his father stabilize the family's small business, the ''Credit Bureau of Cleveland''.<ref name="timesfp">Chattanooga Times Free Press, February 24, 2008</ref><ref name="Jones reflects on 'Check' history">{{cite news|title=Jones reflects on 'Check' history|newspaper=Cleveland Daily Banner|url=http://clevelandbanner.com/stories/allan-jones-interview,83354}}</ref> He is the founder, chairman and CEO of ''Check Into Cash'', ''Creditcorp'', ''Jones Management Services'' and the ''Community Financial Services Association''.<ref name="JMS">{{Cite web|title=Jones Management Services|url=http://www.jonesmanagement.com/welcome.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316051721/http://www.jonesmanagement.com/welcome.htm|archive-date=March 16, 2014|access-date=June 6, 2014}}</ref><ref name="harpers">{{cite web|title=Usury Country {{pipe}} Harper's Magazine|url=http://harpers.org/archive/2009/04/usury-country/|publisher=harpers.org|accessdate=March 16, 2014}}</ref> Jones sold the credit reporting side of the business to Equifax in 1988, although he retained the name and the company's collection agency division. He then built the company to be the largest in Tennessee with offices from Memphis to Atlanta. Jones sold the company in 1998.<ref name="power">''BusinessTN'', July 2005.</ref> Jones opened the first Check Into Cash store in Cleveland, Tennessee in 1993.<ref name="latimes">{{cite news|last=Hendren|first=John|date=January 24, 1999|title=Exorbitant 'Payday Loans' Tide Over the Desperate, Line Lenders' Pockets|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|location=Los Angeles|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jan-24-me-1145-story.html|access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> It got merged into ''Check Into Cash'' in 2021 with Community Choice Financial. In 2022, he announced that Community Choice had acquired competitor Speedy Cash.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jones announces acquisition of Speedy Cash|url=https://clevelandbanner.com/stories/jones-announces-acquisition-of-speedy-cash,137093|access-date=2022-07-15|website=The Cleveland Daily Banner|language=en}}</ref> In 1999, Jones was credited with founding the Community Financial Services Association of America.<ref name="cfsa">{{cite web|author=<!--Not stated-->|title=About CFSA|url=http://cfsaa.com/about-cfsa.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524012052/http://cfsaa.com/about-cfsa.aspx|archive-date=2011-05-24|access-date=2011-12-07|website=cfsaa.com|publisher=Community Financial Services Association of America}}</ref> In 2014, Jones purchased Hardwick Clothes, a company founded in Cleveland, in 1880. Hardwick Clothes is the oldest manufacturer of tailor-made clothing in the United States.<ref name="hardwicksale">{{cite news|date=June 20, 2014|title=Sewing up the deal|newspaper=Cleveland Banner|url=http://www.clevelandbanner.com/view/full_story/25322373/article-Sewing-up-the-deal|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718181706/http://clevelandbanner.com/view/full_story/25322373/article-Sewing-up-the-deal|archive-date=July 18, 2014}}</ref> Hardwick Clothes, which began as Cleveland Woolen Mills, was one of two companies founded by C.L. Hardwick in the 19th century. Hardwick put his son Joseph in charge of Hardwick Stove, the family's other business, while his son George ran the clothing company. Cleveland Woolen Mills soon evolved into a manufacturing plant, making suits and other items of apparel.<ref name="hardwickhistory">{{cite web|last=Hill|first=Fletcher|title=A history of our supplier, Hardwick Clothes|url=http://seersuckerandtweeds.net/2011/06/14/127/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812153111/http://seersuckerandtweeds.net/2011/06/14/127/|archive-date=August 12, 2014|accessdate=July 26, 2014}}</ref> In 2019, Jones sold Hardwick to the company Puerto Rico Industries for the Blind.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hardwick Clothes in Cleveland acquired by Puerto Rico nonprofit, will add 100 workers|url=https://www.timesfreepress.com/news/business/aroundregion/story/2019/dec/16/americas-oldest-suit-maker-hnew-ownerpuerrico/510722/|access-date=2019-12-17|website=timesfreepress.com}}</ref> == Philanthropy == In 1990, Jones founded MainStreet Cleveland.<ref name="woop" /> In 2014, the Jones family gave a donation to Lee University.<ref>{{cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=October 23, 2014|title=Lee to dedicate Pangle Hall with student, faculty, alumni music|work=Times Free Press|location=Chattanooga, Tennessee|url=http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/chattanooganow/music/story/2014/oct/23/lee-dedicate-pangle-hall-student-faculty-alumni-mu/270183/}}</ref> In 2017, Jones donated 43,000 pairs of eclipse-viewing sunglasses to students in six Tennessee school systems, to ensure students who wanted to view the solar eclipse did so only with safe, NASA-approved glasses.<ref>{{cite web|title=Protect those eyes! Businessman focused on kids' safety|url=http://clevelandbanner.com/stories/protect-those-eyes,63715|website=www.clevelandbanner.com}}</ref> He is credited with the creation of the legend of Tall Betsy, a [[Halloween]] cultural icon based in Bradley County.<ref>{{cite news|date=October 13, 2011|title='Tall Betsy' returning to life in documentary|newspaper=Cleveland Daily Banner|url=http://www.clevelandbanner.com/view/full_story/15846428/article-%E2%80%98Tall-Betsy%E2%80%99-returning-to-life-in-documentary|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127164633/http://www.clevelandbanner.com/view/full_story/15846428/article-%E2%80%98Tall-Betsy%E2%80%99-returning-to-life-in-documentary|archive-date=November 27, 2012|accessdate=August 12, 2015}}</ref> == Awards == * ''M.C. Headrick Free Enterprise Award'' from The Cleveland/Bradley Chamber of Commerce (2003)<ref name="woop" /> * ''Entrepreneurship Hall of Fame'' at [[University of Tennessee]] (2003)<ref name="utc">[http://www.utc.edu/Academic/HarrisChair/2003.php "Entrepreneurship Hall of Fame, 2003"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110308065748/http://www.utc.edu/Academic/HarrisChair/2003.php|date=March 8, 2011}}, October 2003.</ref> * ''Power 100'' by ''BusinessTN'' magazine (2005) <ref name="power" /> * ''The King of Cash'' by ''BusinessTN'' Magazine<ref name="cash">Drew Ruble, [http://businesstn.com/content/king-cash "The King of Cash"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110825202735/http://businesstn.com/content/king-cash|date=August 25, 2011}}, ''BusinessTN'', July 2005</ref> * ''Fred Gregg Jr Award'' from the Greater Chattanooga Sports Hall of Fame for contributions to sports (2012)<ref>{{cite web|title=Gregg Award going to Jones|url=http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/sports/local/story/2012/feb/12/gregg-award-going-to-jones/70496/|website=www.timesfreepress.com}}</ref> * Chancellor's Award for ''Excellence in Philanthropy'' from the ''Tennessee Board of Regents'' (2015)<ref>{{cite web|title=Cleveland State Honors Allan Jones with Philanthropy Award|url=http://www.clevelandstatecc.edu/news/article/cleveland-state-honors-allan-jones-with-philanthropy-award|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417070827/http://www.clevelandstatecc.edu/news/article/cleveland-state-honors-allan-jones-with-philanthropy-award|archive-date=April 17, 2016|access-date=March 31, 2016|website=www.clevelandstateecc.edu|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Personal life == Politically, Jones has been an [[Independent (politics)|Independent]], and has donated to the campaigns of both [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] and [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] politicians, but his views are characterized to be [[Right-wing politics|right-leaning]] and fiscally [[Conservatism in the United States|conservative]]. Jones supported [[Donald Trump]] in the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 U.S. Presidential Election]]. A few days after the [[First inauguration of Donald Trump|inauguration of President Trump]], Jones stated in an interview with [[Fox & Friends]] that he was "tired of Presidents who were politicians" and believed that small businesses would benefit from Trump's policies.<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KnkntifOTGQ&t=11s|title=Allan Jones on Fox and Friends|date=January 30, 2017|publisher=Fox News}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:1952 births]] [[Category:Living people]] t47ec432bbjcevpmqv8il8btyxw5p0s 10369311 10369307 2025-07-03T09:38:24Z Userify 1636099 removing extra content 10369311 wikitext text/x-wiki Allan Jones aka William Allan Jones Jr. (born 31 December 1952) is an US based entrepreneur, living in [[Cleveland, Tennessee]].<ref name="gen">{{cite web|last=Slaughter|first=Michael T.|title=Michael T. Slaughter Genealogy|url=http://mtsfamily.com/GEDGEN/grpf4074.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812042405/http://www.mtsfamily.com/GEDGEN/grpf4074.html|archive-date=August 12, 2014|accessdate=August 5, 2014|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>[https://www.timesfreepress.com/news/business/aroundregion/story/2015/feb/05/lord-loans-how-clevelands-payday-loan-pioneer-allan-jones-was-propelled-fame-and-fortune/286693/ The Lord of Loans: How Cleveland payday-loan pioneer Allan Jones was propelled to fame and fortune]</ref> == Early life and education == Jones attended Cleveland High School, where he wrestled and won various awards and served as team captain.<ref name="woop">{{cite news|last=Pendergrass|first=Toby|date=April 1, 2011|title=WOOP Investigates The Truth about Allan Jones|work=[[WOOP-FM]]|location=Cleveland, Tennessee|url=http://www.woopfm.com/a_jones_Story.htm|url-status=dead|access-date=October 24, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316020911/http://www.woopfm.com/a_jones_Story.htm|archive-date=2014-03-16}}</ref> He graduated in 1972. Jones credited wrestling with helping build character.<ref name="matt">''The Mat''. "Allan Jones Donates $1 Million to Build Wrestling Facilities" by Sandra Rowland, May 23, 2001</ref> == Professional career == Jones left college at age 20 to help his father stabilize the family's small business, the ''Credit Bureau of Cleveland''.<ref name="timesfp">Chattanooga Times Free Press, February 24, 2008</ref><ref name="Jones reflects on 'Check' history">{{cite news|title=Jones reflects on 'Check' history|newspaper=Cleveland Daily Banner|url=http://clevelandbanner.com/stories/allan-jones-interview,83354}}</ref> He is the founder, chairman and CEO of ''Check Into Cash'', ''Creditcorp'', ''Jones Management Services'' and the ''Community Financial Services Association''.<ref name="JMS">{{Cite web|title=Jones Management Services|url=http://www.jonesmanagement.com/welcome.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316051721/http://www.jonesmanagement.com/welcome.htm|archive-date=March 16, 2014|access-date=June 6, 2014}}</ref><ref name="harpers">{{cite web|title=Usury Country {{pipe}} Harper's Magazine|url=http://harpers.org/archive/2009/04/usury-country/|publisher=harpers.org|accessdate=March 16, 2014}}</ref> Jones opened the first Check Into Cash store in Cleveland, Tennessee in 1993.<ref name="latimes">{{cite news|last=Hendren|first=John|date=January 24, 1999|title=Exorbitant 'Payday Loans' Tide Over the Desperate, Line Lenders' Pockets|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|location=Los Angeles|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jan-24-me-1145-story.html|access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> It got merged into ''Check Into Cash'' in 2021 with Community Choice Financial. In 2022, he announced that Community Choice had acquired competitor Speedy Cash.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jones announces acquisition of Speedy Cash|url=https://clevelandbanner.com/stories/jones-announces-acquisition-of-speedy-cash,137093|access-date=2022-07-15|website=The Cleveland Daily Banner|language=en}}</ref> In 1999, Jones was credited with founding the Community Financial Services Association of America.<ref name="cfsa">{{cite web|author=<!--Not stated-->|title=About CFSA|url=http://cfsaa.com/about-cfsa.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524012052/http://cfsaa.com/about-cfsa.aspx|archive-date=2011-05-24|access-date=2011-12-07|website=cfsaa.com|publisher=Community Financial Services Association of America}}</ref> In 2014, Jones purchased Hardwick Clothes, a company founded in Cleveland, in 1880. Hardwick Clothes is the oldest manufacturer of tailor-made clothing in the United States.<ref name="hardwicksale">{{cite news|date=June 20, 2014|title=Sewing up the deal|newspaper=Cleveland Banner|url=http://www.clevelandbanner.com/view/full_story/25322373/article-Sewing-up-the-deal|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718181706/http://clevelandbanner.com/view/full_story/25322373/article-Sewing-up-the-deal|archive-date=July 18, 2014}}</ref> Hardwick Clothes, which began as Cleveland Woolen Mills, was one of two companies founded by C.L. Hardwick in the 19th century. Hardwick put his son Joseph in charge of Hardwick Stove, the family's other business, while his son George ran the clothing company. Cleveland Woolen Mills soon evolved into a manufacturing plant, making suits and other items of apparel.<ref name="hardwickhistory">{{cite web|last=Hill|first=Fletcher|title=A history of our supplier, Hardwick Clothes|url=http://seersuckerandtweeds.net/2011/06/14/127/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812153111/http://seersuckerandtweeds.net/2011/06/14/127/|archive-date=August 12, 2014|accessdate=July 26, 2014}}</ref> In 2019, Jones sold Hardwick to the company Puerto Rico Industries for the Blind.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hardwick Clothes in Cleveland acquired by Puerto Rico nonprofit, will add 100 workers|url=https://www.timesfreepress.com/news/business/aroundregion/story/2019/dec/16/americas-oldest-suit-maker-hnew-ownerpuerrico/510722/|access-date=2019-12-17|website=timesfreepress.com}}</ref> == Philanthropy == In 1990, Jones founded MainStreet Cleveland.<ref name="woop" /> In 2014, the Jones family gave a donation to Lee University.<ref>{{cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=October 23, 2014|title=Lee to dedicate Pangle Hall with student, faculty, alumni music|work=Times Free Press|location=Chattanooga, Tennessee|url=http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/chattanooganow/music/story/2014/oct/23/lee-dedicate-pangle-hall-student-faculty-alumni-mu/270183/}}</ref> In 2017, Jones donated 43,000 pairs of eclipse-viewing sunglasses to students in six Tennessee school systems, to ensure students who wanted to view the solar eclipse did so only with safe, NASA-approved glasses.<ref>{{cite web|title=Protect those eyes! Businessman focused on kids' safety|url=http://clevelandbanner.com/stories/protect-those-eyes,63715|website=www.clevelandbanner.com}}</ref> He is credited with the creation of the legend of Tall Betsy, a [[Halloween]] cultural icon based in Bradley County.<ref>{{cite news|date=October 13, 2011|title='Tall Betsy' returning to life in documentary|newspaper=Cleveland Daily Banner|url=http://www.clevelandbanner.com/view/full_story/15846428/article-%E2%80%98Tall-Betsy%E2%80%99-returning-to-life-in-documentary|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127164633/http://www.clevelandbanner.com/view/full_story/15846428/article-%E2%80%98Tall-Betsy%E2%80%99-returning-to-life-in-documentary|archive-date=November 27, 2012|accessdate=August 12, 2015}}</ref> == Awards == * ''M.C. Headrick Free Enterprise Award'' from The Cleveland/Bradley Chamber of Commerce (2003)<ref name="woop" /> * ''Entrepreneurship Hall of Fame'' at [[University of Tennessee]] (2003)<ref name="utc">[http://www.utc.edu/Academic/HarrisChair/2003.php "Entrepreneurship Hall of Fame, 2003"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110308065748/http://www.utc.edu/Academic/HarrisChair/2003.php|date=March 8, 2011}}, October 2003.</ref> * ''Power 100'' by ''BusinessTN'' magazine (2005) <ref name="power">''BusinessTN'', July 2005.</ref> * ''The King of Cash'' by ''BusinessTN'' Magazine<ref name="cash">Drew Ruble, [http://businesstn.com/content/king-cash "The King of Cash"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110825202735/http://businesstn.com/content/king-cash|date=August 25, 2011}}, ''BusinessTN'', July 2005</ref> * ''Fred Gregg Jr Award'' from the Greater Chattanooga Sports Hall of Fame for contributions to sports (2012)<ref>{{cite web|title=Gregg Award going to Jones|url=http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/sports/local/story/2012/feb/12/gregg-award-going-to-jones/70496/|website=www.timesfreepress.com}}</ref> * Chancellor's Award for ''Excellence in Philanthropy'' from the ''Tennessee Board of Regents'' (2015)<ref>{{cite web|title=Cleveland State Honors Allan Jones with Philanthropy Award|url=http://www.clevelandstatecc.edu/news/article/cleveland-state-honors-allan-jones-with-philanthropy-award|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417070827/http://www.clevelandstatecc.edu/news/article/cleveland-state-honors-allan-jones-with-philanthropy-award|archive-date=April 17, 2016|access-date=March 31, 2016|website=www.clevelandstateecc.edu|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Personal life == Politically, Jones has been an [[Independent (politics)|Independent]], and has donated to the campaigns of both [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] and [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] politicians, but his views are characterized to be [[Right-wing politics|right-leaning]] and fiscally [[Conservatism in the United States|conservative]]. Jones supported [[Donald Trump]] in the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 U.S. Presidential Election]]. A few days after the [[First inauguration of Donald Trump|inauguration of President Trump]], Jones stated in an interview with [[Fox & Friends]] that he was "tired of Presidents who were politicians" and believed that small businesses would benefit from Trump's policies.<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KnkntifOTGQ&t=11s|title=Allan Jones on Fox and Friends|date=January 30, 2017|publisher=Fox News}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:1952 births]] [[Category:Living people]] ejw4jaa53bf1yph90ohpp6nbtfo66fe 3 1201707 10369327 2025-07-03T09:45:14Z Raayaan9911 1495229 General note: Unhelpful changes on [[Diogo Jota]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369327 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make helpful changes to Wikipedia. However, some of [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|your changes]], like those to "[[:Diogo Jota]]", did not seem to be helpful and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> [[User:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:blue;">Raayaan</span>]][[User Talk:Raayaan9911|<span style="color:navy;">9911</span>]] 09:45, 3 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> rmbp3tydu5brwzccahokm5esnle9s9v 2 1201708 10369332 2025-07-03T09:48:20Z Victor Ningthemcha 1603674 Victor Ningthemcha moved page [[User:Victor Ningthemcha/Meidingu]] to [[Meidingu]]: Finished up 10369332 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Meidingu]] amc9bouoh9yg5k0vg3tj6uvl7t3yowt 3 1201709 10369335 2025-07-03T09:58:04Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 Notification: quick deletion nomination of [[Bonding (Novel)]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369335 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Quick deletion of Bonding (Novel)== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Bonding (Novel)]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Bonding (Novel)}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 09:58, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ldqursrd457fni31qb4x8cvxlbvb26z 0 1201710 10369337 2025-07-03T09:59:06Z Victor Ningthemcha 1603674 Redirected page to [[Meidingu]] 10369337 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Meidingu]] amc9bouoh9yg5k0vg3tj6uvl7t3yowt 0 1201711 10369339 2025-07-03T09:59:20Z Victor Ningthemcha 1603674 Redirected page to [[Meidingu]] 10369339 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Meidingu]] amc9bouoh9yg5k0vg3tj6uvl7t3yowt 0 1201712 10369340 2025-07-03T09:59:38Z Victor Ningthemcha 1603674 Redirected page to [[Meidingu]] 10369340 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Meidingu]] amc9bouoh9yg5k0vg3tj6uvl7t3yowt 0 1201713 10369345 2025-07-03T10:13:52Z Haoreima 1043157 Redirected page to [[Sanamahism]] 10369345 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Sanamahism]] mjx4ryhcxrta4td62roy6g155u7an5y 0 1201714 10369363 2025-07-03T10:32:43Z CallumBen13 1611993 Redirected page to [[Cadbury Dairy Milk]] 10369363 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Cadbury Dairy Milk]] {{R from misspelling}} 232dcxn62ce00jqqqbgrj8jyilvwb5a 2 1201715 10369364 2025-07-03T10:38:24Z Hollowww 1436094 Created page with "{{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Siege of Palermo | partof = the [[Norman conquest of Southern Italy]] | image = RogerReceivingTheKeysOfPalermo.JPG | caption = "Roger I receiving the keys of [[Palermo]]", [[fresco]] of the vault in the "Sala Gialla" of the [[Palazzo dei Normanni]]. Work by [[Giuseppe Patania]], 1830 ca. | date = August [[1071]] – {{End date|[[1072]]|1|10}} | place = [[Palermo]] | result = Norman victory | com..." 10369364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Siege of Palermo | partof = the [[Norman conquest of Southern Italy]] | image = RogerReceivingTheKeysOfPalermo.JPG | caption = "Roger I receiving the keys of [[Palermo]]", [[fresco]] of the vault in the "Sala Gialla" of the [[Palazzo dei Normanni]]. Work by [[Giuseppe Patania]], 1830 ca. | date = August [[1071]] – {{End date|[[1072]]|1|10}} | place = [[Palermo]] | result = Norman victory | combatant1 = {{plainlist| * [[Normans]] }} | combatant2 = {{plainlist| * [[Kalbids]] }} | commander1 = {{plainlist| * [[Robert Guiscard]] * [[Roger I of Sicily|Roger of Hauteville]] }} | commander2 = {{plainlist| * Ibn al-Maklathī{{Surrendered}} * Ibn al-Baʿbāʿ{{KIA}} }} | strength1 = ~10,000 men<hr>50–58 ships{{sfn|Theotokis|2010|p=398}} * 10 ''catti'' * 40–48 other ships | strength2 = Unknown, but inferior }} == Notes == {{notelist}} == References == {{reflist}} == Bibliography == {{refbegin|2}} * {{cite journal |last=Theotokis |first=Georgios |year=2010 |title=The Norman Invasion of Sicily, 1061–1072: Numbers and Military Tactics |journal=War in History |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=381–402 |doi=10.1177/0968344510376463 }} * {{cite book |last=Jäckh |first=Theresa |year=2021 |chapter=Palermo and the Norman Conquest of Sicily |pages=176–210 |editor1-last=Winkler |editor1-first=Emily A. |editor2-last=Fitzgerald |editor2-first=Liam |title=The Normans in the Mediterranean |publisher=Brepols |isbn=978-2-503-59057-8 |issn=2565-8654 }} {{refend|2}} 27110k3uwcvz9f4bqbj4kal33kiv56x 10369366 10369364 2025-07-03T10:39:15Z Hollowww 1436094 10369366 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Siege of Palermo | partof = the [[Norman conquest of Southern Italy]] | image = RogerReceivingTheKeysOfPalermo.JPG | caption = "Roger I receiving the keys of [[Palermo]]", [[fresco]] of the vault in the "Sala Gialla" of the [[Palazzo dei Normanni]]. Work by [[Giuseppe Patania]], 1830 ca. | date = August [[1071]] – {{End date|[[1072]]|1|10}} | place = [[Palermo]] | result = Norman victory | combatant1 = {{plainlist| * [[Normans]] }} | combatant2 = {{plainlist| * [[Kalbids]] }} | commander1 = {{plainlist| * [[Robert Guiscard]] * [[Roger I of Sicily|Roger of Hauteville]] }} | commander2 = {{plainlist| * Ibn al-Maklathī{{Surrendered}} * Ibn al-Baʿbāʿ{{KIA}}{{sfn|Jäckh|2021|p=199}} }} | strength1 = ~10,000 men<hr>50–58 ships{{sfn|Theotokis|2010|p=398}} * 10 ''catti'' * 40–48 other ships | strength2 = Unknown, but inferior }} == Notes == {{notelist}} == References == {{reflist}} == Bibliography == {{refbegin|2}} * {{cite journal |last=Theotokis |first=Georgios |year=2010 |title=The Norman Invasion of Sicily, 1061–1072: Numbers and Military Tactics |journal=War in History |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=381–402 |doi=10.1177/0968344510376463 }} * {{cite book |last=Jäckh |first=Theresa |year=2021 |chapter=Palermo and the Norman Conquest of Sicily |pages=176–210 |editor1-last=Winkler |editor1-first=Emily A. |editor2-last=Fitzgerald |editor2-first=Liam |title=The Normans in the Mediterranean |publisher=Brepols |isbn=978-2-503-59057-8 |issn=2565-8654 }} {{refend|2}} ccx3eye43qvd631w707nkbhgvw79hq5 10369368 10369366 2025-07-03T10:41:03Z Hollowww 1436094 10369368 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Userspace draft|date={{Subst:July}} {{Subst:2025}}}} {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Siege of Palermo | partof = the [[Norman conquest of Southern Italy]] | image = RogerReceivingTheKeysOfPalermo.JPG | caption = "Roger I receiving the keys of [[Palermo]]", [[fresco]] of the vault in the "Sala Gialla" of the [[Palazzo dei Normanni]]. Work by [[Giuseppe Patania]], 1830 ca. | date = August [[1071]] – {{End date|[[1072]]|1|10}} | place = [[Palermo]] | result = Norman victory | combatant1 = {{plainlist| * [[Normans]] }} | combatant2 = {{plainlist| * [[Kalbids]] }} | commander1 = {{plainlist| * [[Robert Guiscard]] * [[Roger I of Sicily|Roger of Hauteville]] }} | commander2 = {{plainlist| * Ibn al-Maklathī{{Surrendered}} * Ibn al-Baʿbāʿ{{KIA}}{{sfn|Jäckh|2021|p=199}} }} | strength1 = ~10,000 men<hr>50–58 ships{{sfn|Theotokis|2010|p=398}} * 10 ''catti'' * 40–48 other ships | strength2 = Unknown, but inferior }} == Notes == {{notelist}} == References == {{reflist}} == Bibliography == {{refbegin|2}} * {{cite journal |last=Theotokis |first=Georgios |year=2010 |title=The Norman Invasion of Sicily, 1061–1072: Numbers and Military Tactics |journal=War in History |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=381–402 |doi=10.1177/0968344510376463 }} * {{cite book |last=Jäckh |first=Theresa |year=2021 |chapter=Palermo and the Norman Conquest of Sicily |pages=176–210 |editor1-last=Winkler |editor1-first=Emily A. |editor2-last=Fitzgerald |editor2-first=Liam |title=The Normans in the Mediterranean |publisher=Brepols |isbn=978-2-503-59057-8 |issn=2565-8654 }} {{refend|2}} 1i5fby6oky3q72xkbrjthylq15ztexx 10369370 10369368 2025-07-03T10:42:09Z Hollowww 1436094 10369370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Userspace draft|date={{Subst:July}} {{Subst:2025}}}} {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Siege of Palermo | partof = the [[Norman conquest of Southern Italy]] | image = RogerReceivingTheKeysOfPalermo.JPG | caption = "Roger I receiving the keys of [[Palermo]]", [[fresco]] of the vault in the "Sala Gialla" of the [[Palazzo dei Normanni]]. Work by [[Giuseppe Patania]], 1830 ca. | date = August [[1071]] – {{End date|[[1072]]|1|10}} | place = [[Palermo]] | result = Norman victory | combatant1 = {{plainlist| * [[Normans]] }} | combatant2 = {{plainlist| * [[Kalbids]] }} | commander1 = {{plainlist| * [[Robert Guiscard]] * [[Roger I of Sicily|Roger of Hauteville]] }} | commander2 = {{plainlist| * Ibn al-Maklathī{{Surrendered}} * Ibn al-Baʿbāʿ{{KIA}}{{sfn|Jäckh|2021|p=199}} }} | strength1 = ~10,000 men<hr>50–58 ships{{sfn|Theotokis|2010|p=398}} * 10 ''catti'' * 40–48 other ships | strength2 = Unknown, but inferior | casualties1 = Unknown, light | casualties2 = Garrison surrendered }} == Notes == {{notelist}} == References == {{reflist}} == Bibliography == {{refbegin|2}} * {{cite journal |last=Theotokis |first=Georgios |year=2010 |title=The Norman Invasion of Sicily, 1061–1072: Numbers and Military Tactics |journal=War in History |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=381–402 |doi=10.1177/0968344510376463 }} * {{cite book |last=Jäckh |first=Theresa |year=2021 |chapter=Palermo and the Norman Conquest of Sicily |pages=176–210 |editor1-last=Winkler |editor1-first=Emily A. |editor2-last=Fitzgerald |editor2-first=Liam |title=The Normans in the Mediterranean |publisher=Brepols |isbn=978-2-503-59057-8 |issn=2565-8654 }} {{refend|2}} mljtlppj75158kr47yh2a7aeib9xs4x 10369388 10369370 2025-07-03T10:59:51Z Hollowww 1436094 10369388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Userspace draft|date={{Subst:July}} {{Subst:2025}}}} {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Siege of Palermo | partof = the [[Norman conquest of Southern Italy]] | image = RogerReceivingTheKeysOfPalermo.JPG | caption = "Roger I receiving the keys of [[Palermo]]", [[fresco]] of the vault in the "Sala Gialla" of the [[Palazzo dei Normanni]]. Work by [[Giuseppe Patania]], 1830 ca. | date = August [[1071]] – {{End date|[[1072]]|1|10}} | place = [[Palermo]] | result = Norman victory | combatant1 = {{plainlist| * [[Normans]] }} | combatant2 = {{plainlist| * [[Kalbids]] }} | commander1 = {{plainlist| * [[Robert Guiscard]] * [[Roger I of Sicily|Roger of Hauteville]] }} | commander2 = {{plainlist| * Ibn al-Baʿbāʿ{{KIA}}{{sfn|Jäckh|2021|p=199}} }} | strength1 = ~10,000 men<hr>50–58 ships{{sfn|Theotokis|2010|p=398}} * 10 ''catti'' * 40–48 other ships | strength2 = Unknown, but inferior | casualties1 = Unknown, light | casualties2 = Garrison surrendered }} The '''Siege of Palermo''' was carried out by the Normans under the command of [[Robert Guiscard]] and [[Roger I of Sicily|Roger of Hauteville]] against the Muslim-held city of [[Palermo]]. Although the Normans had begun their [[Norman conquest of Southern Italy#Conquest of Sicily, 1061–1091|conquest of Sicily]] several years earlier, their advance was initially hampered by a shortage of troops and only gained momentum from 1071 onwards. The fall of Palermo, achieved through the deployment of a large army and the support of a powerful fleet in operations that lasted from August 1071 to January 1072, marked the end of Muslim rule in western [[Sicily]]. Following the conquest, the inhabitants of Palermo were permitted to continue practising their faith and to retain their property. The Norman conquest of the entire island was completed by 1091. == Notes == {{notelist}} == References == {{reflist}} == Bibliography == {{refbegin|2}} * {{cite journal |last=Theotokis |first=Georgios |year=2010 |title=The Norman Invasion of Sicily, 1061–1072: Numbers and Military Tactics |journal=War in History |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=381–402 |doi=10.1177/0968344510376463 }} * {{cite book |last=Jäckh |first=Theresa |year=2021 |chapter=Palermo and the Norman Conquest of Sicily |pages=176–210 |editor1-last=Winkler |editor1-first=Emily A. |editor2-last=Fitzgerald |editor2-first=Liam |title=The Normans in the Mediterranean |publisher=Brepols |isbn=978-2-503-59057-8 |issn=2565-8654 }} {{refend|2}} f7kni0vdmm5l62qwtn2zpox4cfj2f2k 10369389 10369388 2025-07-03T11:00:16Z Hollowww 1436094 10369389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Userspace draft|date={{Subst:July}} {{Subst:2025}}}} {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Siege of Palermo | partof = the [[Norman conquest of Southern Italy]] | image = RogerReceivingTheKeysOfPalermo.JPG | caption = "Roger I receiving the keys of [[Palermo]]", [[fresco]] of the vault in the "Sala Gialla" of the [[Palazzo dei Normanni]]. Work by [[Giuseppe Patania]], 1830 ca. | date = August [[1071]] – {{End date|[[1072]]|1|10}} | place = [[Palermo]] | result = Norman victory | combatant1 = {{plainlist| * [[Normans]] }} | combatant2 = {{plainlist| * [[Kalbids]] }} | commander1 = {{plainlist| * [[Robert Guiscard]] * [[Roger I of Sicily|Roger of Hauteville]] }} | commander2 = {{plainlist| * Ibn al-Ba'ba{{KIA}}{{sfn|Jäckh|2021|p=199}} }} | strength1 = ~10,000 men<hr>50–58 ships{{sfn|Theotokis|2010|p=398}} * 10 ''catti'' * 40–48 other ships | strength2 = Unknown, but inferior | casualties1 = Unknown, light | casualties2 = Garrison surrendered }} The '''Siege of Palermo''' was carried out by the Normans under the command of [[Robert Guiscard]] and [[Roger I of Sicily|Roger of Hauteville]] against the Muslim-held city of [[Palermo]]. Although the Normans had begun their [[Norman conquest of Southern Italy#Conquest of Sicily, 1061–1091|conquest of Sicily]] several years earlier, their advance was initially hampered by a shortage of troops and only gained momentum from 1071 onwards. The fall of Palermo, achieved through the deployment of a large army and the support of a powerful fleet in operations that lasted from August 1071 to January 1072, marked the end of Muslim rule in western [[Sicily]]. Following the conquest, the inhabitants of Palermo were permitted to continue practising their faith and to retain their property. The Norman conquest of the entire island was completed by 1091. == Notes == {{notelist}} == References == {{reflist}} == Bibliography == {{refbegin|2}} * {{cite journal |last=Theotokis |first=Georgios |year=2010 |title=The Norman Invasion of Sicily, 1061–1072: Numbers and Military Tactics |journal=War in History |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=381–402 |doi=10.1177/0968344510376463 }} * {{cite book |last=Jäckh |first=Theresa |year=2021 |chapter=Palermo and the Norman Conquest of Sicily |pages=176–210 |editor1-last=Winkler |editor1-first=Emily A. |editor2-last=Fitzgerald |editor2-first=Liam |title=The Normans in the Mediterranean |publisher=Brepols |isbn=978-2-503-59057-8 |issn=2565-8654 }} {{refend|2}} 76sg9mfwbg9kr1fvh4g8nau5l4hum3g 10369469 10369389 2025-07-03T11:36:58Z Hollowww 1436094 10369469 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Userspace draft|date={{Subst:July}} {{Subst:2025}}}} {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Siege of Palermo | partof = the [[Norman conquest of Southern Italy]] | image = RogerReceivingTheKeysOfPalermo.JPG | caption = "Roger I receiving the keys of [[Palermo]]", [[fresco]] of the vault in the "Sala Gialla" of the [[Palazzo dei Normanni]]. Work by [[Giuseppe Patania]], 1830 ca. | date = August [[1071]] – {{End date|[[1072]]|1|10}} | place = [[Palermo]] | result = Norman victory | combatant1 = {{plainlist| * [[Normans]] }} | combatant2 = {{plainlist| * [[Kalbids]] }} | commander1 = {{plainlist| * [[Robert Guiscard]] * [[Roger I of Sicily|Roger of Hauteville]] }} | commander2 = {{plainlist| * Ibn al-Ba'ba{{KIA}}{{sfn|Jäckh|2021|p=199}} }} | strength1 = ~10,000 men<hr>50–58 ships{{sfn|Theotokis|2010|p=398}} * 10 ''catti'' * 40–48 other ships | strength2 = Unknown, but inferior | casualties1 = Unknown, light | casualties2 = Garrison surrendered }} The '''Siege of Palermo''' was carried out by the Normans under the command of [[Robert Guiscard]] and [[Roger I of Sicily|Roger of Hauteville]] against the Muslim-held city of [[Palermo]]. Although the Normans had begun their [[Norman conquest of Southern Italy#Conquest of Sicily, 1061–1091|conquest of Sicily]] several years earlier, their advance was initially hampered by a shortage of troops and only gained momentum from 1071 onwards. The fall of Palermo, achieved through the deployment of a large army and the support of a powerful fleet in operations that lasted from August 1071 to January 1072, marked the end of Muslim rule in western [[Sicily]]. Following the conquest, the inhabitants of Palermo were permitted to continue practising their faith and to retain their property. == Notes == {{notelist}} == References == {{reflist}} == Bibliography == {{refbegin|2}} * {{cite journal |last=Theotokis |first=Georgios |year=2010 |title=The Norman Invasion of Sicily, 1061–1072: Numbers and Military Tactics |journal=War in History |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=381–402 |doi=10.1177/0968344510376463 }} * {{cite book |last=Jäckh |first=Theresa |year=2021 |chapter=Palermo and the Norman Conquest of Sicily |pages=176–210 |editor1-last=Winkler |editor1-first=Emily A. |editor2-last=Fitzgerald |editor2-first=Liam |title=The Normans in the Mediterranean |publisher=Brepols |isbn=978-2-503-59057-8 |issn=2565-8654 }} {{refend|2}} 1g8cgmburphkmqb5jkpxh3jkw514y9h 10369485 10369469 2025-07-03T11:47:51Z Hollowww 1436094 10369485 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Userspace draft|date={{Subst:July}} {{Subst:2025}}}} {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Siege of Palermo | partof = the [[Norman conquest of Southern Italy]] | image = RogerReceivingTheKeysOfPalermo.JPG | caption = "Roger I receiving the keys of [[Palermo]]", [[fresco]] of the vault in the "Sala Gialla" of the [[Palazzo dei Normanni]]. Work by [[Giuseppe Patania]], 1830 ca. | date = August [[1071]] – {{End date|[[1072]]|1|10}} | place = [[Palermo]] | result = Norman victory | combatant1 = {{plainlist| * [[Normans]] }} | combatant2 = {{plainlist| * [[Kalbids]] }} | commander1 = {{plainlist| * [[Robert Guiscard]] * [[Roger I of Sicily|Roger of Hauteville]] }} | commander2 = {{plainlist| * Ibn al-Ba'ba{{KIA}}{{sfn|Jäckh|2021|p=199}} }} | strength1 = ~10,000 men<hr>50–58 ships{{sfn|Theotokis|2010|p=398}} * 10 ''catti'' * 40–48 other ships | strength2 = Unknown, but inferior | casualties1 = Unknown, light | casualties2 = Garrison surrendered }} The '''Siege of Palermo''' was carried out by the Normans under the command of [[Robert Guiscard]] and [[Roger I of Sicily|Roger of Hauteville]] against the Muslim-held city of [[Palermo]]. Although the Normans had begun their [[Norman conquest of Southern Italy#Conquest of Sicily, 1061–1091|conquest of Sicily]] several years earlier, their advance was initially hampered by a shortage of troops and only gained momentum from 1071 onwards. The fall of Palermo, achieved through the deployment of a large army and the support of a powerful fleet in operations that lasted from August 1071 to January 1072, marked the end of Muslim rule in western [[Sicily]]. Following the conquest, the inhabitants of Palermo were permitted to continue practising their faith and to retain their property. == Background == [[File:Kingdom of Sicily 1154.svg|upright=1.2|thumb|The Norman [[Kingdom of Sicily]] (in green) in 1154, upon the death of [[Roger II]].]] {{History of Sicily}} == Notes == {{notelist}} == References == {{reflist}} == Bibliography == {{refbegin|2}} * {{cite journal |last=Theotokis |first=Georgios |year=2010 |title=The Norman Invasion of Sicily, 1061–1072: Numbers and Military Tactics |journal=War in History |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=381–402 |doi=10.1177/0968344510376463 }} * {{cite book |last=Jäckh |first=Theresa |year=2021 |chapter=Palermo and the Norman Conquest of Sicily |pages=176–210 |editor1-last=Winkler |editor1-first=Emily A. |editor2-last=Fitzgerald |editor2-first=Liam |title=The Normans in the Mediterranean |publisher=Brepols |isbn=978-2-503-59057-8 |issn=2565-8654 }} {{refend|2}} 80gmctrl093h210i6iowlvfk6nay194 2 1201716 10369372 2025-07-03T10:43:11Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 +template 10369372 wikitext text/x-wiki {{mbox | name = QD | class = ambox-speedy | type = {{#if: {{{1|}}}|content|speedy}} | text = {{#if: {{{1|}}}|A user thinks that this article obviously contains AI content. If you agree, add your signature to the template. |[[User:{{{editor}}}{{!}}{{{editor}}}]] has asked for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]] of this {{namespaces conversion}}.''' The reason for asking for deletion is: <div class="ambox-speedy-text" style="margin-left: 3em"><span id="delete-reason" style="display:none;">{{urlencode:[[WP:QD#A7|QD A7]]: The page is obviously AI-generated.}}</span></div> If you think this {{namespaces conversion}} should not be deleted, please add {{[[Template:Wait|Wait]]}} below this message, and then say why on [[{{TALKSPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|this{{#ifeq:{{namespaces conversion}}|talk page||&nbsp;{{namespaces conversion}}'s}} talk page]]. Please do not remove this notice from {{{3|page}}}s that you have {{{4|created}}} yourself. <span class="plainlinks"><small>''[[Wikipedia:Administrators|Administrators]], remember to check [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|what links here]], the [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|action=history}} page history] ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|diff=0}} last edit]), and the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], before [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|{{#if:{{{reasonlink|}}}|wpReason={{{reasonlink}}}&|}}action=delete}} deletion].{{{notes|}}}''</small></span> }} | date = {{#if: {{{date|}}} | Tagged since {{{date}}} }} }} <includeonly> {{#if: {{{1|}}}|{{{cat|[[Category:Quick deletion requests|{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}]]}}}|{{{cat|[[Category:AI suspect requests|{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}]]}}} __NOINDEX__ </includeonly> <noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> kdd1wll735d12tp1e70plpiyvbznbq0 10369374 10369372 2025-07-03T10:44:18Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 rmving for now 10369374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{mbox | name = QD | class = ambox-speedy | type = {{#if: {{{1|}}}|content|speedy}} | text = {{#if: {{{1|}}}|A user thinks that this article obviously contains AI content. If you agree, add your signature to the template. |[[User:{{{editor}}}{{!}}{{{editor}}}]] has asked for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]] of this {{namespaces conversion}}.''' The reason for asking for deletion is: <div class="ambox-speedy-text" style="margin-left: 3em"><span id="delete-reason" style="display:none;">{{urlencode:[[WP:QD#A7|QD A7]]: The page is obviously AI-generated.}}</span></div> If you think this {{namespaces conversion}} should not be deleted, please add {{[[Template:Wait|Wait]]}} below this message, and then say why on [[{{TALKSPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|this{{#ifeq:{{namespaces conversion}}|talk page||&nbsp;{{namespaces conversion}}'s}} talk page]]. Please do not remove this notice from {{{3|page}}}s that you have {{{4|created}}} yourself. <span class="plainlinks"><small>''[[Wikipedia:Administrators|Administrators]], remember to check [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|what links here]], the [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|action=history}} page history] ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|diff=0}} last edit]), and the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], before [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|{{#if:{{{reasonlink|}}}|wpReason={{{reasonlink}}}&|}}action=delete}} deletion].{{{notes|}}}''</small></span> }} | date = {{#if: {{{date|}}} | Tagged since {{{date}}} }} }} <includeonly> {{#if: {{{1|}}}|{{{cat|[[:Category:Quick deletion requests|{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}]]}}}|{{{cat|[[:Category:AI suspect requests|{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}]]}}} __NOINDEX__ </includeonly> <noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> igzikt7rszrvmpljhuokg9e3vxrxnkn 10369375 10369374 2025-07-03T10:46:04Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 swap 10369375 wikitext text/x-wiki {{mbox | name = QD | class = ambox-speedy | type = {{#if: {{{1|}}}|speedy|content}} | text = {{#if: {{{1|}}} |[[User:{{{editor}}}{{!}}{{{editor}}}]] has asked for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]] of this {{namespaces conversion}}.''' The reason for asking for deletion is: <div class="ambox-speedy-text" style="margin-left: 3em"><span id="delete-reason" style="display:none;">{{urlencode:[[WP:QD#A7|QD A7]]: The page is obviously AI-generated.}}</span></div> If you think this {{namespaces conversion}} should not be deleted, please add {{[[Template:Wait|Wait]]}} below this message, and then say why on [[{{TALKSPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|this{{#ifeq:{{namespaces conversion}}|talk page||&nbsp;{{namespaces conversion}}'s}} talk page]]. Please do not remove this notice from {{{3|page}}}s that you have {{{4|created}}} yourself. <span class="plainlinks"><small>''[[Wikipedia:Administrators|Administrators]], remember to check [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|what links here]], the [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|action=history}} page history] ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|diff=0}} last edit]), and the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], before [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|{{#if:{{{reasonlink|}}}|wpReason={{{reasonlink}}}&|}}action=delete}} deletion].{{{notes|}}}''</small></span> |A user thinks that this article obviously contains AI content. If you agree, add your signature to the template. }} | date = {{#if: {{{date|}}} | Tagged since {{{date}}} }} }} <includeonly> {{#if: {{{1|}}}|{{{cat|[[:Category:Quick deletion requests|{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}]]}}}|{{{cat|[[:Category:AI suspect requests|{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}]]}}}}} __NOINDEX__ </includeonly> <noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 1e2wrr6ehbtix4c3eh3nhamiafisuip 10369377 10369375 2025-07-03T10:50:31Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 if and editors 10369377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{mbox | name = QD | class = ambox-speedy | type = {{#if: {{{1|}}}|speedy|content}} | text = {{#if: {{{1|}}} |{{#if: {{{editor|}}}|[[User:{{{editor}}}{{!}}{{{editor}}}]]| An editor}} has asked for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]] of this {{namespaces conversion}}.''' The reason for asking for deletion is: <div class="ambox-speedy-text" style="margin-left: 3em"><span id="delete-reason" style="display:none;">{{urlencode:[[WP:QD#A7|QD A7]]: The page is obviously AI-generated.}}</span></div> If you think this {{namespaces conversion}} should not be deleted, please add {{[[Template:Wait|Wait]]}} below this message, and then say why on [[{{TALKSPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|this{{#ifeq:{{namespaces conversion}}|talk page||&nbsp;{{namespaces conversion}}'s}} talk page]]. Please do not remove this notice from {{{3|page}}}s that you have {{{4|created}}} yourself. <span class="plainlinks"><small>''[[Wikipedia:Administrators|Administrators]], remember to check [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|what links here]], the [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|action=history}} page history] ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|diff=0}} last edit]), and the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], before [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|{{#if:{{{reasonlink|}}}|wpReason={{{reasonlink}}}&|}}action=delete}} deletion].{{{notes|}}}''</small></span> |{{#if: {{{editor|}}}|[[User:{{{editor}}}{{!}}{{{editor}}}]]| An editor}} thinks that this article obviously contains AI content. If you agree, add your signature to the template. }} | date = {{#if: {{{date|}}} | Tagged since {{{date}}} }} }} <includeonly> {{#if: {{{1|}}}|{{{cat|[[:Category:Quick deletion requests|{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}]]}}}|{{{cat|[[:Category:AI suspect requests|{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}]]}}}}} __NOINDEX__ </includeonly> <noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> ttfn7wpa4kg20o9smmhuli1sr0fq3b3 10369379 10369377 2025-07-03T10:52:03Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 bolding 10369379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{mbox | name = QD | class = ambox-speedy | type = {{#if: {{{1|}}}|speedy|content}} | text = '''{{#if: {{{editor|}}}|[[User:{{{editor}}}{{!}}{{{editor}}}]]| An editor}}''' {{#if: {{{1|}}} | has asked for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]] of this {{namespaces conversion}}.''' The reason for asking for deletion is: <div class="ambox-speedy-text" style="margin-left: 3em"><span id="delete-reason" style="display:none;">{{urlencode:[[WP:QD#A7|QD A7]]: The page is obviously AI-generated.}}</span></div> If you think this {{namespaces conversion}} should not be deleted, please add {{[[Template:Wait|Wait]]}} below this message, and then say why on [[{{TALKSPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|this{{#ifeq:{{namespaces conversion}}|talk page||&nbsp;{{namespaces conversion}}'s}} talk page]]. Please do not remove this notice from {{{3|page}}}s that you have {{{4|created}}} yourself. <span class="plainlinks"><small>''[[Wikipedia:Administrators|Administrators]], remember to check [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|what links here]], the [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|action=history}} page history] ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|diff=0}} last edit]), and the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], before [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|{{#if:{{{reasonlink|}}}|wpReason={{{reasonlink}}}&|}}action=delete}} deletion].{{{notes|}}}''</small></span> | thinks that this article obviously contains AI content. If you agree, add your signature to user2. }} | date = {{#if: {{{date|}}} | Tagged since {{{date}}} }} }} <includeonly> {{#if: {{{1|}}}|{{{cat|[[:Category:Quick deletion requests|{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}]]}}}|{{{cat|[[:Category:AI suspect requests|{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}]]}}}}} __NOINDEX__ </includeonly> <noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> gq958n9lsgchvprj9yvbmfc6lbil8l2 10369380 10369379 2025-07-03T10:52:48Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 bold 10369380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{mbox | name = QD | class = ambox-speedy | type = {{#if: {{{1|}}}|speedy|content}} | text = '''{{#if: {{{editor|}}}|[[User:{{{editor}}}{{!}}{{{editor}}}]]| An editor}}''' {{#if: {{{1|}}} | '''has asked for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]] of this {{namespaces conversion}}.''' The reason for asking for deletion is: <div class="ambox-speedy-text" style="margin-left: 3em"><span id="delete-reason" style="display:none;">{{urlencode:[[WP:QD#A7|QD A7]]: The page is obviously AI-generated.}}</span></div> If you think this {{namespaces conversion}} should not be deleted, please add {{[[Template:Wait|Wait]]}} below this message, and then say why on [[{{TALKSPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|this{{#ifeq:{{namespaces conversion}}|talk page||&nbsp;{{namespaces conversion}}'s}} talk page]]. Please do not remove this notice from {{{3|page}}}s that you have {{{4|created}}} yourself. <span class="plainlinks"><small>''[[Wikipedia:Administrators|Administrators]], remember to check [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|what links here]], the [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|action=history}} page history] ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|diff=0}} last edit]), and the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], before [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|{{#if:{{{reasonlink|}}}|wpReason={{{reasonlink}}}&|}}action=delete}} deletion].{{{notes|}}}''</small></span> | thinks that this article obviously contains AI content. If you agree, add your signature to user2. }} | date = {{#if: {{{date|}}} | Tagged since {{{date}}} }} }} <includeonly> {{#if: {{{1|}}}|{{{cat|[[:Category:Quick deletion requests|{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}]]}}}|{{{cat|[[:Category:AI suspect requests|{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}]]}}}}} __NOINDEX__ </includeonly> <noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> q1emn86pow5z5kd0hnxffex9209vt4m 10369381 10369380 2025-07-03T10:56:09Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 editor system 10369381 wikitext text/x-wiki {{mbox | name = QD | class = ambox-speedy | type = {{#if: {{{user2|}}}|speedy|content}} | text = '''{{#if: {{{editor|}}} | [[User:{{{editor}}}{{!}}{{{editor}}}]] {{#if: {{{editor2|}}} | and [[User:{{{editor2}}}{{!}}{{{editor2}}}]] {{#if:{{{1|have}}}}} | {{#if:{{{1|has}}}}} }} | {{#if: {{{editor2|}}} | [[User:{{{editor2}}}{{!}}{{{editor2}}}]] {{#if:{{{1|has}}}}} | An editor has }} }}''' {{#if: {{{user2|}}} | ''' asked for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]] of this {{namespaces conversion}}.''' The reason for asking for deletion is: <div class="ambox-speedy-text" style="margin-left: 3em"><span id="delete-reason" style="display:none;">{{urlencode:[[WP:QD#A7|QD A7]]: The page is obviously AI-generated.}}</span></div> If you think this {{namespaces conversion}} should not be deleted, please add {{[[Template:Wait|Wait]]}} below this message, and then say why on [[{{TALKSPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|this{{#ifeq:{{namespaces conversion}}|talk page||&nbsp;{{namespaces conversion}}'s}} talk page]]. Please do not remove this notice from {{{3|page}}}s that you have {{{4|created}}} yourself. <span class="plainlinks"><small>''[[Wikipedia:Administrators|Administrators]], remember to check [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|what links here]], the [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|action=history}} page history] ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|diff=0}} last edit]), and the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], before [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|{{#if:{{{reasonlink|}}}|wpReason={{{reasonlink}}}&|}}action=delete}} deletion].{{{notes|}}}''</small></span> | '''thinks that this article obviously contains AI content.''' If you agree, add your signature to user2. }} | date = {{#if: {{{date|}}} | Tagged since {{{date}}} }} }} <includeonly> {{#if: {{{1|}}}|{{{cat|[[:Category:Quick deletion requests|{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}]]}}}|{{{cat|[[:Category:AI suspect requests|{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}]]}}}}} __NOINDEX__ </includeonly> <noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> glkie7ykvc2mz5jf76somf8n4b276a6 10369383 10369381 2025-07-03T10:56:56Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 fix 10369383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{mbox | name = QD | class = ambox-speedy | type = {{#if: {{{user2|}}}|speedy|content}} | text = '''{{#if: {{{editor|}}} | [[User:{{{editor}}}{{!}}{{{editor}}}]] {{#if: {{{editor2|}}} | and [[User:{{{editor2}}}{{!}}{{{editor2}}}]] {{#if:{{{1|have}}}}} | {{#if:{{{1|has}}}}} }} | {{#if: {{{editor2|}}} | [[User:{{{editor2}}}{{!}}{{{editor2}}}]] {{#if:{{{1|has}}}}} | An editor has }} }}''' {{#if: {{{editor2|}}} | ''' asked for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]] of this {{namespaces conversion}}.''' The reason for asking for deletion is: <div class="ambox-speedy-text" style="margin-left: 3em"><span id="delete-reason" style="display:none;">{{urlencode:[[WP:QD#A7|QD A7]]: The page is obviously AI-generated.}}</span></div> If you think this {{namespaces conversion}} should not be deleted, please add {{[[Template:Wait|Wait]]}} below this message, and then say why on [[{{TALKSPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|this{{#ifeq:{{namespaces conversion}}|talk page||&nbsp;{{namespaces conversion}}'s}} talk page]]. Please do not remove this notice from {{{3|page}}}s that you have {{{4|created}}} yourself. <span class="plainlinks"><small>''[[Wikipedia:Administrators|Administrators]], remember to check [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|what links here]], the [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|action=history}} page history] ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|diff=0}} last edit]), and the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], before [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|{{#if:{{{reasonlink|}}}|wpReason={{{reasonlink}}}&|}}action=delete}} deletion].{{{notes|}}}''</small></span> | '''thinks that this article obviously contains AI content.''' If you agree, add your signature to editor2. }} | date = {{#if: {{{date|}}} | Tagged since {{{date}}} }} }} <includeonly> {{#if: {{{1|}}}|{{{cat|[[:Category:Quick deletion requests|{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}]]}}}|{{{cat|[[:Category:AI suspect requests|{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}]]}}}}} __NOINDEX__ </includeonly> <noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> aulif7ld83zy4myu3lo144yobdalv8j 10369384 10369383 2025-07-03T10:57:14Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 fix 10369384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{mbox | name = QD | class = ambox-speedy | type = {{#if: {{{editor2|}}}|speedy|content}} | text = '''{{#if: {{{editor|}}} | [[User:{{{editor}}}{{!}}{{{editor}}}]] {{#if: {{{editor2|}}} | and [[User:{{{editor2}}}{{!}}{{{editor2}}}]] {{#if:{{{1|have}}}}} | {{#if:{{{1|has}}}}} }} | {{#if: {{{editor2|}}} | [[User:{{{editor2}}}{{!}}{{{editor2}}}]] {{#if:{{{1|has}}}}} | An editor has }} }}''' {{#if: {{{editor2|}}} | ''' asked for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]] of this {{namespaces conversion}}.''' The reason for asking for deletion is: <div class="ambox-speedy-text" style="margin-left: 3em"><span id="delete-reason" style="display:none;">{{urlencode:[[WP:QD#A7|QD A7]]: The page is obviously AI-generated.}}</span></div> If you think this {{namespaces conversion}} should not be deleted, please add {{[[Template:Wait|Wait]]}} below this message, and then say why on [[{{TALKSPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|this{{#ifeq:{{namespaces conversion}}|talk page||&nbsp;{{namespaces conversion}}'s}} talk page]]. Please do not remove this notice from {{{3|page}}}s that you have {{{4|created}}} yourself. <span class="plainlinks"><small>''[[Wikipedia:Administrators|Administrators]], remember to check [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|what links here]], the [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|action=history}} page history] ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|diff=0}} last edit]), and the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], before [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|{{#if:{{{reasonlink|}}}|wpReason={{{reasonlink}}}&|}}action=delete}} deletion].{{{notes|}}}''</small></span> | '''thinks that this article obviously contains AI content.''' If you agree, add your signature to editor2. }} | date = {{#if: {{{date|}}} | Tagged since {{{date}}} }} }} <includeonly> {{#if: {{{1|}}}|{{{cat|[[:Category:Quick deletion requests|{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}]]}}}|{{{cat|[[:Category:AI suspect requests|{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}]]}}}}} __NOINDEX__ </includeonly> <noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> mryrb6jy3guz1h1crwi4wqhdb369hhh 10369392 10369384 2025-07-03T11:01:02Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 rmv urlncde 10369392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{mbox | name = QD | class = ambox-speedy | type = {{#if: {{{editor2|}}}|speedy|content}} | text = '''{{#if: {{{editor|}}} | [[User:{{{editor}}}{{!}}{{{editor}}}]] {{#if: {{{editor2|}}} | and [[User:{{{editor2}}}{{!}}{{{editor2}}}]] {{#if:{{{1|have}}}}} | {{#if:{{{1|has}}}}} }} | {{#if: {{{editor2|}}} | [[User:{{{editor2}}}{{!}}{{{editor2}}}]] {{#if:{{{1|has}}}}} | An editor has }} }}''' {{#if: {{{editor2|}}} | ''' asked for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]] of this {{namespaces conversion}}.''' The reason for asking for deletion is: <div class="ambox-speedy-text" style="margin-left: 3em"><span id="delete-reason" style="display:none;">[[WP:QD#A7|QD A7]]: The page is obviously AI-generated.</span></div> If you think this {{namespaces conversion}} should not be deleted, please add {{[[Template:Wait|Wait]]}} below this message, and then say why on [[{{TALKSPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|this{{#ifeq:{{namespaces conversion}}|talk page||&nbsp;{{namespaces conversion}}'s}} talk page]]. Please do not remove this notice from {{{3|page}}}s that you have {{{4|created}}} yourself. <span class="plainlinks"><small>''[[Wikipedia:Administrators|Administrators]], remember to check [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|what links here]], the [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|action=history}} page history] ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|diff=0}} last edit]), and the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], before [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|{{#if:{{{reasonlink|}}}|wpReason={{{reasonlink}}}&|}}action=delete}} deletion].{{{notes|}}}''</small></span> | '''thinks that this article obviously contains AI content.''' If you agree, add your signature to editor2. }} | date = {{#if: {{{date|}}} | Tagged since {{{date}}} }} }} <includeonly> {{#if: {{{1|}}}|{{{cat|[[:Category:Quick deletion requests|{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}]]}}}|{{{cat|[[:Category:AI suspect requests|{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}]]}}}}} __NOINDEX__ </includeonly> <noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> pghpa0vq5ln2yn44vumfm4xox6akvqb 10369395 10369392 2025-07-03T11:03:27Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 rmv display:none; 10369395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{mbox | name = QD | class = ambox-speedy | type = {{#if: {{{editor2|}}}|speedy|content}} | text = '''{{#if: {{{editor|}}} | [[User:{{{editor}}}{{!}}{{{editor}}}]] {{#if: {{{editor2|}}} | and [[User:{{{editor2}}}{{!}}{{{editor2}}}]] {{#if:{{{1|have}}}}} | {{#if:{{{1|has}}}}} }} | {{#if: {{{editor2|}}} | [[User:{{{editor2}}}{{!}}{{{editor2}}}]] {{#if:{{{1|has}}}}} | An editor has }} }}''' {{#if: {{{editor2|}}} | ''' asked for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]] of this {{namespaces conversion}}.''' The reason for asking for deletion is: <div class="ambox-speedy-text" style="margin-left: 3em"><span id="delete-reason">[[WP:QD#A7|QD A7]]: The page is obviously AI-generated.</span></div> If you think this {{namespaces conversion}} should not be deleted, please add {{[[Template:Wait|Wait]]}} below this message, and then say why on [[{{TALKSPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|this{{#ifeq:{{namespaces conversion}}|talk page||&nbsp;{{namespaces conversion}}'s}} talk page]]. Please do not remove this notice from {{{3|page}}}s that you have {{{4|created}}} yourself. <span class="plainlinks"><small>''[[Wikipedia:Administrators|Administrators]], remember to check [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|what links here]], the [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|action=history}} page history] ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|diff=0}} last edit]), and the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], before [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|{{#if:{{{reasonlink|}}}|wpReason={{{reasonlink}}}&|}}action=delete}} deletion].{{{notes|}}}''</small></span> | '''thinks that this article obviously contains AI content.''' If you agree, add your signature to editor2. }} | date = {{#if: {{{date|}}} | Tagged since {{{date}}} }} }} <includeonly> {{#if: {{{1|}}}|{{{cat|[[:Category:Quick deletion requests|{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}]]}}}|{{{cat|[[:Category:AI suspect requests|{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}]]}}}}} __NOINDEX__ </includeonly> <noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 6kxgrk7fxg4aha4c7obywill0hyu0y4 10369398 10369395 2025-07-03T11:04:17Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 fix 10369398 wikitext text/x-wiki {{mbox | name = QD | class = ambox-speedy | type = {{#if: {{{editor2|}}}|speedy|content}} | text = '''{{#if: {{{editor|}}} | [[User:{{{editor}}}{{!}}{{{editor}}}]] {{#if: {{{editor2|}}} | and [[User:{{{editor2}}}{{!}}{{{editor2}}}]] {{#if:{{{1|have}}}}} | {{#if:{{{1|has}}}}} }} | {{#if: {{{editor2|}}} | [[User:{{{editor2}}}{{!}}{{{editor2}}}]] {{#if:{{{1|has}}}}} | An editor has }} }}''' {{#if: {{{editor2|}}} | ''' asked for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]] of this {{namespaces conversion}}.''' The reason for asking for deletion is: <div class="ambox-speedy-text" style="margin-left: 3em"><span id="delete-reason">'''[[WP:QD#A7|A7]]:''' The page is obviously AI-generated.</span></div> If you think this {{namespaces conversion}} should not be deleted, please add {{[[Template:Wait|Wait]]}} below this message, and then say why on [[{{TALKSPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|this{{#ifeq:{{namespaces conversion}}|talk page||&nbsp;{{namespaces conversion}}'s}} talk page]]. Please do not remove this notice from {{{3|page}}}s that you have {{{4|created}}} yourself. <span class="plainlinks"><small>''[[Wikipedia:Administrators|Administrators]], remember to check [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|what links here]], the [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|action=history}} page history] ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|diff=0}} last edit]), and the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], before [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|{{#if:{{{reasonlink|}}}|wpReason={{{reasonlink}}}&|}}action=delete}} deletion].{{{notes|}}}''</small></span> | '''thinks that this article obviously contains AI content.''' If you agree, add your signature to editor2. }} | date = {{#if: {{{date|}}} | Tagged since {{{date}}} }} }} <includeonly> {{#if: {{{1|}}}|{{{cat|[[:Category:Quick deletion requests|{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}]]}}}|{{{cat|[[:Category:AI suspect requests|{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}]]}}}}} __NOINDEX__ </includeonly> <noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> o8x6yor1vn502hyy1ybcou8ixv6jeqa 10369404 10369398 2025-07-03T11:05:38Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 nonupdated 10369404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{mbox | name = QD | class = ambox-speedy | type = {{#if: {{{editor2|}}}|speedy|content}} | text = '''{{#if: {{{editor|}}} | [[User:{{{editor}}}{{!}}{{{editor}}}]] {{#if: {{{editor2|}}} | and [[User:{{{editor2}}}{{!}}{{{editor2}}}]] {{#if:{{{1|have}}}}} | {{#if:{{{1|has}}}}} }} | {{#if: {{{editor2|}}} | [[User:{{{editor2}}}{{!}}{{{editor2}}}]] {{#if:{{{1|has}}}}} | An editor has }} }}''' {{#if: {{{editor2|}}} | ''' asked for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]] of this {{namespaces conversion}}.''' The reason for asking for deletion is: <div class="ambox-speedy-text" style="margin-left: 3em"><span id="delete-reason">'''[[WP:QD#A7|A7]]:''' The page is obviously AI-generated.</span></div> If you think this {{namespaces conversion}} should not be deleted, please add {{[[Template:Wait|Wait]]}} below this message, and then say why on [[{{TALKSPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|this{{#ifeq:{{namespaces conversion}}|talk page||&nbsp;{{namespaces conversion}}'s}} talk page]]. Please do not remove this notice from {{{3|page}}}s that you have {{{4|created}}} yourself. <span class="plainlinks"><small>''[[Wikipedia:Administrators|Administrators]], remember to check [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|what links here]], the [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|action=history}} page history] ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|diff=0}} last edit]), and the [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} page log], before [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|{{#if:{{{reasonlink|}}}|wpReason={{{reasonlink}}}&|}}action=delete}} deletion].{{{notes|}}}''</small></span> | '''thinks that this article obviously contains AI content.''' If you agree, add your signature to editor2. }} | date = {{#if: {{{date|}}} | Tagged since {{{date}}} }} }} <includeonly> {{#if: {{{editor2|}}}|{{{cat|[[:Category:Quick deletion requests|{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}]]}}}|{{{cat|[[:Category:AI suspect requests|{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}]]}}}}} __NOINDEX__ </includeonly> <noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> mwwn39mm1l8gk1dfst26chgt2zvhxba 2 1201717 10369373 2025-07-03T10:43:59Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 test 10369373 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:MrMeAndMrMe/AI-QD}} {{User:MrMeAndMrMe/AI-QD|MrMeAndMrMe}} 0dtyx21ew28cwrsjwpz7jt6zrxrzlrn 10369378 10369373 2025-07-03T10:50:58Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 + 10369378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:MrMeAndMrMe/AI-QD|editor=MrMeAndMrMe|date=10:48, 3 April 2025 (UTC)}} {{User:MrMeAndMrMe/AI-QD|MrMeAndMrMe|editor=MrMeAndMrMe|date=10:48, 3 April 2025 (UTC)}} esj1cn0107ls991b1d8sk8i1moqt09f 10369382 10369378 2025-07-03T10:56:45Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 move 10369382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:MrMeAndMrMe/AI-QD|editor=MrMeAndMrMe|date=10:48, 3 April 2025 (UTC)}} {{User:MrMeAndMrMe/AI-QD|editor=MrMeAndMrMe|editor2=MrMeAndMrMetest|date=10:48, 3 April 2025 (UTC)}} oc5jb2dcmiegjrotq0k9ics9hb45n2h 10369393 10369382 2025-07-03T11:01:08Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 +testing 10369393 wikitext text/x-wiki <nowiki>{{User:MrMeAndMrMe/AI-QD|editor=MrMeAndMrMe|date=10:48, 3 April 2025 (UTC)}}</nowiki> {{User:MrMeAndMrMe/AI-QD|editor=MrMeAndMrMe|date=10:48, 3 April 2025 (UTC)}} Case 2: Two editors have added their support <nowiki>{{User:MrMeAndMrMe/AI-QD|editor=MrMeAndMrMe|editor2=TestUser2|date=10:48, 3 April 2025 (UTC)}}</nowiki> {{User:MrMeAndMrMe/AI-QD|editor=MrMeAndMrMe|editor2=TestUser2|date=10:48, 3 April 2025 (UTC)}} Still needs a text field for reason of thinking it is AI. Logic might need to be fixed to include support for IPs. g012rqubzihhlptw94w88pui35ou2h1 10369394 10369393 2025-07-03T11:02:36Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 fix 10369394 wikitext text/x-wiki Case 1: One editor has added their support. The template would look like this: <nowiki>{{User:MrMeAndMrMe/AI-QD|editor=MrMeAndMrMe|date=10:48, 3 April 2025 (UTC)}}</nowiki> And would view like this: {{User:MrMeAndMrMe/AI-QD|editor=MrMeAndMrMe|date=10:48, 3 April 2025 (UTC)}} Case 2: Two editors have added their support. The template would look like this: <nowiki>{{User:MrMeAndMrMe/AI-QD|editor=MrMeAndMrMe|editor2=TestUser2|date=10:48, 3 April 2025 (UTC)}}</nowiki> And would view like this: {{User:MrMeAndMrMe/AI-QD|editor=MrMeAndMrMe|editor2=TestUser2|date=10:48, 3 April 2025 (UTC)}} Still needs a text field for reason of thinking it is AI. Logic might need to be fixed to include support for IPs. lxvenuxau2jdzg94yjr0eakasgorr3y 10369402 10369394 2025-07-03T11:05:23Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 fix 10369402 wikitext text/x-wiki Case 1: One editor has added their support. The template would look like this: <nowiki>{{User:MrMeAndMrMe/AI-QD|editor=MrMeAndMrMe|date=10:48, 3 April 2025 (UTC)}}</nowiki> And would view like this: {{User:MrMeAndMrMe/AI-QD|editor=MrMeAndMrMe|date=10:48, 3 April 2025 (UTC)}} Case 2: Two editors have added their support. The template would look like this: <nowiki>{{User:MrMeAndMrMe/AI-QD|editor=MrMeAndMrMe|editor2=TestUser2|date=10:48, 3 April 2025 (UTC)}}</nowiki> And would view like this: {{User:MrMeAndMrMe/AI-QD|editor=MrMeAndMrMe|editor2=TestUser2|date=10:48, 3 April 2025 (UTC)}} Still needs a text field for reason of thinking it is AI. Logic might need to be fixed to include support for IPs. In the actual template, the redlink after the template would not be there, and would exist as a category. 5mld48y4lpkm5d50qoygvdqf3f695a0 0 1201718 10369410 2025-07-03T11:11:15Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 translated from en 10369410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox award | name = 11th International Emmy Awards | image = | caption = | date = {{unbulleted list | {{start date|1983|11|21}} }} | location =[[Sheraton New York Times Square Hotel]], New York City | host = [[Mary Tyler Moore]] | network = | producer = | previous = [[10th International Emmy Awards|10th]] | main = {{nowrap|[[International Emmy Award]]s}} | next = [[12th International Emmy Awards|12th]] }}The '''11th International Emmy Awards''' were on November 21, 1983 in [[New York City]]. They were [[Presenter|hosted]] by the American actress [[Mary Tyler Moore]]. The awards were presented by the [[International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences]] (IATAS).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1314&dat=19831120&id=G_9WAAAAIBAJ&sjid=6u4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=3540,2637842|title=Here comes the bride |publisher=The Spokesman-Review |date=20 November 1983|access-date=3 February 2015}}</ref> ==Winners== ===Best Drama=== *''[[King Lear (1983 TV programme)|King Lear]]'' (United Kingdom: [[Granada Television]]) === Best Documentary === *''[[The Miracle of Life]]'' (Sweden: [[Sveriges Television]]) === Best Performing Arts === *''[[Blackadder]]'' (United Kingdom: [[BBC One]]) === Best Popular Arts Program === * ''Dangerous Music'' (United Kingdom: HTV) ===Best Children's Program=== *''[[Fraggle Rock]]'' (Canada: [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC Television]]) == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:1983 in American television|International]] [[Category:Awards]] k4wgym7u4d0qyr78ny9kz0fsu48oqe6 14 1201719 10369415 2025-07-03T11:12:25Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 needed cat 10369415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Disestcatbycountry}} 2j43ew8f7hy5nnwigilrdzc87zi9nvd 14 1201720 10369417 2025-07-03T11:12:45Z MrMeAndMrMe 1161309 needed cat 10369417 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Disestcatbycountry}} 2j43ew8f7hy5nnwigilrdzc87zi9nvd 0 1201721 10369421 2025-07-03T11:18:29Z CallumBen13 1611993 Redirected page to [[List of The Simpsons characters#Lenny Leonard]] 10369421 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[List of The Simpsons characters#Lenny Leonard]] {{R from fictional character}} sbofv188mdgswlr9wienn0k9ddrk503 10369422 10369421 2025-07-03T11:18:51Z CallumBen13 1611993 Changed redirect target from [[List of The Simpsons characters#Lenny Leonard]] to [[List of The Simpsons characters#Lenny Leonard and Carl Carlson]] 10369422 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[List of The Simpsons characters#Lenny Leonard and Carl Carlson]] {{R from fictional character}} ck8crt1567x695h3t6msgy22k5p74ux 0 1201723 10369427 2025-07-03T11:20:19Z CallumBen13 1611993 Redirected page to [[List of The Simpsons characters#Lenny Leonard and Carl Carlson]] 10369427 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[List of The Simpsons characters#Lenny Leonard and Carl Carlson]] {{R from fictional character}} ck8crt1567x695h3t6msgy22k5p74ux 0 1201724 10369429 2025-07-03T11:23:00Z CallumBen13 1611993 Redirected page to [[List of The Simpsons characters#Lenny Leonard and Carl Carlson]] 10369429 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[List of The Simpsons characters#Lenny Leonard and Carl Carlson]] pagut8edhpp3nx91qinnw8jsn7dkem2 0 1201725 10369430 2025-07-03T11:23:33Z CallumBen13 1611993 Redirected page to [[List of The Simpsons characters#Lenny Leonard and Carl Carlson]] 10369430 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[List of The Simpsons characters#Lenny Leonard and Carl Carlson]] pagut8edhpp3nx91qinnw8jsn7dkem2 0 1201726 10369431 2025-07-03T11:24:23Z CallumBen13 1611993 Redirected page to [[List of The Simpsons characters#Lenny Leonard and Carl Carlson]] 10369431 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[List of The Simpsons characters#Lenny Leonard and Carl Carlson]] pagut8edhpp3nx91qinnw8jsn7dkem2 0 1201727 10369432 2025-07-03T11:24:44Z CallumBen13 1611993 Redirected page to [[List of The Simpsons characters#Lenny Leonard and Carl Carlson]] 10369432 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[List of The Simpsons characters#Lenny Leonard and Carl Carlson]] pagut8edhpp3nx91qinnw8jsn7dkem2 4 1201729 10369443 2025-07-03T11:31:56Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 start 10369443 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Brainbombs songs and EPs === :{{lc|Brainbombs songs and EPs}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests//Brainbombs songs and EPs|action=edit}} close request]</span> CountryANDWestern ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' All of these songs or EPs are by the band Brainbombs; no notability is expressed for them. Sources are either databases like Discogs, lyrics sites, or an interview with the band; nothing that established notability through secondary sources. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 11:31, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''11:31, 10 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> nj5j5f8e5bc9hs85ea8aht5eyqdiweq 10369454 10369443 2025-07-03T11:33:32Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 links 10369454 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Brainbombs songs and EPs === :{{lc|Brainbombs songs and EPs}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests//Brainbombs songs and EPs|action=edit}} close request]</span> CountryANDWestern ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' All of these songs or EPs are by the band Brainbombs; no notability is expressed for them. Sources are either databases like Discogs, lyrics sites, or an interview with the band; nothing that established notability through secondary sources. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 11:31, 3 July 2025 (UTC) *{{lc|Blackout Ripper (Brainbombs single)}} *{{lc|Anne Frank (Brainbombs single)}} *{{lc|Anal Babes/Brainbombs}} *{{lc|Macht (Brainbombs single)}} *{{lc|Live Action at ROCK ALL, Oslo}} *{{lc|It's a Burning Hell / No Place}} ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''11:31, 10 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> qj6nrfq8zfp9w93w8rftr9kway0ysir 3 1201730 10369462 2025-07-03T11:34:23Z Igor123121 1293570 General note: Unhelpful changes. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369462 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make helpful changes to Wikipedia. However, some of [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|your changes]] did not seem to be helpful and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> [[User:Igor123121|Igor123121]] ([[User talk:Igor123121|talk]]) 11:34, 3 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> ob0cusvpeyzes1ayyh6hr1pir6ruyl4 10369463 10369462 2025-07-03T11:34:52Z 50.29.112.38 Ni 10369463 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 10369464 10369463 2025-07-03T11:35:01Z Igor123121 1293570 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/50.29.112.38|50.29.112.38]] ([[User talk:50.29.112.38|talk]]) identified as [[WP:VAND|vandalism]] to last revision by Igor123121. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369464 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make helpful changes to Wikipedia. However, some of [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|your changes]] did not seem to be helpful and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> [[User:Igor123121|Igor123121]] ([[User talk:Igor123121|talk]]) 11:34, 3 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> ob0cusvpeyzes1ayyh6hr1pir6ruyl4 10369465 10369464 2025-07-03T11:35:14Z Igor123121 1293570 Caution: Vandalism. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369465 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make helpful changes to Wikipedia. However, some of [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|your changes]] did not seem to be helpful and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> [[User:Igor123121|Igor123121]] ([[User talk:Igor123121|talk]]) 11:34, 3 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> [[File:Information.svg|25px]] Please do not make unhelpful changes to Wikipedia. The changes you made seem to be [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]] and have been [[Help:Revert a page|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism2 --> [[User:Igor123121|Igor123121]] ([[User talk:Igor123121|talk]]) 11:35, 3 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> c2aha3sjpn1aiva6b5l2gzvp9rkqtej 10369466 10369465 2025-07-03T11:35:35Z 50.29.112.38 No 10369466 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 10369467 10369466 2025-07-03T11:35:51Z Igor123121 1293570 Undid revision 10369466 by [[Special:Contributions/50.29.112.38|50.29.112.38]] ([[User talk:50.29.112.38|talk]]) 10369467 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make helpful changes to Wikipedia. However, some of [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|your changes]] did not seem to be helpful and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> [[User:Igor123121|Igor123121]] ([[User talk:Igor123121|talk]]) 11:34, 3 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> [[File:Information.svg|25px]] Please do not make unhelpful changes to Wikipedia. The changes you made seem to be [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]] and have been [[Help:Revert a page|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism2 --> [[User:Igor123121|Igor123121]] ([[User talk:Igor123121|talk]]) 11:35, 3 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> c2aha3sjpn1aiva6b5l2gzvp9rkqtej 10369468 10369467 2025-07-03T11:35:57Z Igor123121 1293570 Warning: Vandalism. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369468 wikitext text/x-wiki == July 2025 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make helpful changes to Wikipedia. However, some of [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|your changes]] did not seem to be helpful and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> [[User:Igor123121|Igor123121]] ([[User talk:Igor123121|talk]]) 11:34, 3 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> [[File:Information.svg|25px]] Please do not make unhelpful changes to Wikipedia. The changes you made seem to be [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]] and have been [[Help:Revert a page|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism2 --> [[User:Igor123121|Igor123121]] ([[User talk:Igor123121|talk]]) 11:35, 3 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> [[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|25px]]Your [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|recent changes]] are vandalism and are not acceptable on Wikipedia. Please stop. If you continue to [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalize]], you may be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing pages on Wikipedia. <!-- Template:Uw-vandalism3 --> [[User:Igor123121|Igor123121]] ([[User talk:Igor123121|talk]]) 11:35, 3 July 2025 (UTC) :''If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the change, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] so you will not get notices that are not for you.''<!-- Template:SharedIPAdvice --> n49l23lkpfg8uqy2b2zb6nipw5yjr53 2 1201732 10369479 2025-07-03T11:46:26Z Konchin Tukthaba 1636127 Created page with "{{#babel: en-N|<!-- Native English --> mni-N|<!-- Native Modern Manipuri --> omp-2|<!-- Advanced Old Manipuri --> de-1|<!-- Basic German -->}}Hello everyone! Welcome to my userpage! If you have any questions, then let me know at my Talk page! :-)" 10369479 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#babel: en-N|<!-- Native English --> mni-N|<!-- Native Modern Manipuri --> omp-2|<!-- Advanced Old Manipuri --> de-1|<!-- Basic German -->}}Hello everyone! Welcome to my userpage! If you have any questions, then let me know at my Talk page! :-) k7di322ipgxiqt7fkrgk3jwptxvlh9z 3 1201733 10369482 2025-07-03T11:46:42Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 Notification: quick deletion nomination of [[Ali Naqvi]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369482 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Quick deletion of Ali Naqvi== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Ali Naqvi]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Ali Naqvi}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 11:46, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ns4opxqzy3y4xmnytebxp9lqfbv2drt 3 1201734 10369484 2025-07-03T11:47:26Z Konchin Tukthaba 1636127 Created page with "{{User:Haoreima/WikiProject Meitei civilization/userbox}}" 10369484 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:Haoreima/WikiProject Meitei civilization/userbox}} cz41vhqs82qd2w7zw2wiazf6x0b29m9 4 1201735 10369488 2025-07-03T11:49:34Z Ferien 1011873 Creating deletion discussion page for [[12 Apostles (record label)]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369488 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === 12 Apostles (record label) === :{{lc|12 Apostles (record label)}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/12 Apostles (record label)|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Appears to fail [[WP:GNG]], also see [[:w:en:Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/12 Apostles (record label) (2nd nomination)]]. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 11:49, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''11:49, 10 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> d4mkp7dyj41wltlbw4o8pcxyks9nfcl 4 1201736 10369491 2025-07-03T11:53:00Z Ferien 1011873 Creating deletion discussion page for [[AbulÉdu]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369491 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === AbulÉdu === :{{lc|AbulÉdu}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/AbulÉdu|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' fails [[WP:GNG]] --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 11:53, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''11:53, 10 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> dvakqkoyvuhar185eqldn44ks1k0mj6 3 1201737 10369497 2025-07-03T11:56:11Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 Notification: quick deletion nomination of [[C-Infinity]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369497 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Quick deletion of C-Infinity== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:C-Infinity]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:C-Infinity}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can find more information about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#g11|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 11:56, 3 July 2025 (UTC) 7eh9zcitppgwnq5qhhkg1rjvvfu01ct 4 1201738 10369498 2025-07-03T11:57:53Z Ferien 1011873 Creating deletion discussion page for [[Amzat Boukari-Yabara]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10369498 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Amzat Boukari-Yabara === :{{lc|Amzat Boukari-Yabara}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Amzat Boukari-Yabara|action=edit}} close request]</span> Ferien ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' appears to fail [[WP:GNG]] and [[:w:en:Wikipedia:Notability (people)#Creative professionals]]. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 11:57, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''11:57, 10 July 2025 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> tsw96f3d2m8d99j0xy03y7dv6pnynvg